bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Tuberculosis among BCG Vaccinated Individuals at the North West Region of Cameroon
Authors: Hubert Donfack Jean , Kidia Dosi Samuel , Faustin Atemkeng Tsatedem , Rene Wandji Kounougo , Florence Ngueguim Tsofack
Published: August 2022

Aims: This study focuses as it main objective to determine the effectiveness of early BCG vaccination in preventing tuberculosis.

Study Design: It was a cross sectional descriptive study. The study population being all early BCG vaccinated individuals.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out from March to June 2017 at the Saint Elizabeth General Hospital Shisong, situated in Kumbo Town (Bui Division), North West region of Cameroon.

Methodology: It was based on the administration of a structured questionnaire to all early BCG vaccinated individuals. Biological data were obtained from sputum collected from participants. Sputum was analyzed using Xpert MTB/RIF assay which simultaneously detects MTB-complex and rifampin resistance strain by amplifying and identifying a MTB-complex specific sequence of the rpoB gene.

Results: This finding shows an overall prevalence of 13.08% on early BCG vaccinated individuals seeking medical care at the Saint Elizabeth General Hospital Shisong. The prevalence of TB in HIV positive subjects was 22.05%. The occurrence was high among HIV subjects not living on ART, 6 (33.33%) against 3 (13%) in HIV subject on ART. This study also showed that male patients 11 (15.94%) developed TB compared to female patients 3 (7.89%). The rate of infection, 9 (28.13%) occurring within the age range of > 28 - 38 associated to the development of TB with no correlation. Drinking habit was found to be associated with the development of TB with weak correlation and the occurrence of TB do not seem to be associated drinking duration.

Conclusion: These results show the necessity of the application of a suitable measure to prevent TB in adults, especially those at high risk of developing the disease irrespective of early childhood BCG vaccination status.
Discrimination of Root System Architectural Traits, Morphometric Traits and Identification of Potential Genotypes in Response to Drought and Irrigated Conditions in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.)
Authors: Ebenezar I. Santha , Iyanar K. , Ravikesavan R. , Djanaguiraman M.
Published: August 2022

Aims: To identify the potential genotypes and the important traits for drought tolerance based on root system architectural traits and morphometric traits that can be used as a selection criteria in future crop improvement programs.

Study Design: Completely randomized design for root system architectural traits and Randomized block design with two replications for morphometric traits.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Millets, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during Summer 2022.

Methodology: The 33 elite genotypes were raised in polybags with two factors, one is genotype and other is treatment for observing root system architectural traits in completely randomized design. Also these genotypes were raised in the field in randomized block design with two treatments, irrigated and drought at early stage of the crop for observing morphometric traits.

Results: Based on root system architectural traits, the significant traits were network perimeter, network surface area, network length and network volume. Under irrigated and drought condition, high phenotypic coefficient of variation and high genotypic coefficient of variation were observed for single plant yield, high heritability and high genetic advance for days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, leaf blade length, spike length, 1000 seed weight and single plant yield. Correlation study revealed that all the characters except number of tillers and days to 50 per cent flowering had positive significant correlation with single plant yield. Path analysis showed that spike length had positive direct effect on single plant yield.

Conclusion: The identified traits for drought tolerance were network perimeter, network surface area, network length, network volume, days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, leaf blade length, spike length, 1000 seed weight and single plant yield. The identified drought tolerant genotypes were Nattu cumbu, ICMB 10444, 86M38 and PT 6752.
Integrated Crop Management Practices in Ridge Gourd Hybrid COH 1 for Increasing Yield and Income under Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Sundharaiya K. , Sriram N. , Sivakumar V. , Sathish G.
Published: August 2022

Front line demonstration on integrated crop management practice in ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula Roxb.) hybrid COH – 1was conducted at Cuddalore District of Tamil Nadu during 2021-2022 to increase the yield and income of the farming community. Totally ten progressive farmers were selected at Vridhachalam, Kammapuram and Panruti blocks of  Cuddalore District, Tamil Nadu with an acreage of one acre per farmer. Bottlenecks of ridge gourd cultivation were identified through participatory approach preferential ranking techniques. The selected farmers were trained through skill development programme and the beneficiaries were taught with improved scientific production techniques of ridge gourd hybrid COH -1, seed treatment, plant growth regulators, integrated nutrient management, integrated pest and disease management.  Results of the present study revealed that demonstrated plot recorded higher number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit weight, yield per plant and yield per hectare as compared to farmers practice. The demonstrated plot also recorded high gross income, net income and benefit cost ratio than farmers practice. Low technology gap and technology index observed in the present study revealed the effectiveness of technical interventions.
Graduated compression in pelvic venous disease
Authors: Gianesini Sergio , Menegatti Erica , Bottini Oscar , Doğancı Suat , Chi Yung-Wei
Published: August 2022

Pelvic venous disease (PeVD) are a not rare cause of venous insufficiency in the leg that is frequently underestimated and poorly managed. Graduated compression stockings (GCSs) represents a pillar in lower limb chronic venous disease (CVD). Despite these first two considerations, clear GCS indications in PeVD are still missing due to the lack of literature data on this topic. In the present short report, we offer an insight on the topic and the potential rationale for GCS use in PeVD.
Management of pelvic venous disorders
Authors: Loffroy Romaric
Published: August 2022

Patients with pelvic congestion syndrome, which is the part of pelvic venous disorders (PeVDs), present with unexplained chronic pelvic pain greater than six months, and anatomical findings including pelvic venous insufficiency and pelvic varicosities. Venography is usually necessary to confirm ovarian vein reflux and should be the first step of embolization. Endovascular therapy has been validated by several large patient series with long-term follow-up and should be the first-line therapy. Embolization has been shown to be significantly more effective than surgical therapy in improving symptoms in patients who fail hormonal therapy. Briefly, the goal is to eliminate the ovarian vein reflux with direct sclerosis or embolization of enlarged pelvic varicosities. Symptom improvement is seen in 70 to 90% of the treated patients, despite technical variation. Different embolic agents can be used for this purpose. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the different types of treatment available, with focus on embolic materials.
An innovative approach to teaching depression and anxiety medication management: Virtual choose your own adventure, psychiatry edition
Authors: Vadiei Nina , Lee Jeannie K.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Rates of depression and anxiety continue to increase in the United States. It's important for pharmacy students to graduate knowledgeable and confident in treating these disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a virtual active-learning exercise (choose your own adventure) is helpful in teaching students how to manage medications for depression and anxiety.

Methods

Third-year pharmacy students responded to preactivity questions and then worked on a single patient case in which the presenting problem is worsening depression and anxiety. Students worked in virtual groups of 4 to 5 to select 1 treatment among 5 multiple-choice options and documented the rationale for their choice. Each multiple-choice option led to a different follow-up case. After writing their assessment and plan, the instructor debriefed on therapeutic concepts from each follow-up case. Students then answered postactivity questions and participated in a voluntary survey consisting of 10 retrospective questions.

Results

Of 106 participants, 85 completed the survey (80.2% response rate). Most agreed that their understanding of treatment of depression and anxiety disorders increased following participation (92.9% strongly/somewhat agreed). This was supported by an increase in the percentage of correct responses on the knowledge questions (preactivity: 67.2%, n = 91; postactivity: 83.5%, n = 97; P = .01). Additionally, students reported their confidence in their understanding of depression and anxiety management increased following activity participation (93.0% strongly/somewhat agreed).

Discussion

The virtual active-learning exercise improved student knowledge and confidence in managing depression and anxiety treatments. Educators teaching depression and anxiety pharmacotherapy may consider implementing such activity into their lecture(s).
Do buprenorphine doses and ratios matter in medication assisted treatment adherence?
Authors: Kavanagh Kevin , Tallian Kimberly , Sepulveda Joe A. , Rojas Sarah , Martin Shedrick , Sikand Harminder
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Buprenorphine (BUP), generally prescribed as buprenorphine/naloxone, is a key component of medication-assisted treatment (MAT) to manage opioid use disorder. Studies suggest higher doses of BUP increase treatment adherence. Routine urine drug screens (UDS) assist in monitoring MAT adherence via measurement of excreted BUP and its metabolite, norbuprenorphine (NBP). The clinical significance between BUP/NBP concentrations and their ratios for assessing adherence and substance use is not well-described.

Methods

We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review of 195 clients age ≥18 years enrolled in a local MAT program from August 2017 to February 2021. Demographics, BUP doses, prescription history, and UDS results were collected. Participants were divided based on MAT adherence (<80% vs ≥80%) and median total daily dose (TDD) of BUP (≥16 mg vs <16 mg) in addition to pre- and post-COVID-19 cohorts.

Results

Median BUP/NBP urinary concentrations were significantly correlated with MAT adherence (P < .0001 for each) and a reduced percentage of positive UDS for opioids (P = .0004 and P < .0001, respectively) but not their ratios. Median TDD of BUP ≥16 mg (n = 126) vs <16 mg (n = 68) was not correlated with MAT adherence (P = .107) or incidence of nonprescription use (P = .117). A significantly higher incidence of UDS positive for opiates (P = .049) and alcohol (P = .035) was observed post-COVID-19.

Discussion

Clients appearing adherent to MAT who had higher concentrations of urinary BUP/NBP demonstrated a reduced incidence of opioid-positive UDS independent of the BUP dose prescribed. An increase in opioid- and alcohol-positive UDSs were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prazosin dosed 3 times a day to treat flashbacks related to PTSD: A case report
Authors: Richardson Christie , Swartz Alexander , Forsberg Martin
Published: August 2022

Prazosin is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist widely known by mental health providers for its off-label use for nightmares in patients with PTSD. Prazosin is lipophilic and crosses the blood-brain barrier to antagonize alpha-1 receptors in the central nervous system, potentially reducing autonomic arousal caused by PTSD. There have been numerous case reports describing the reduction of nightmares and daytime flashbacks due to PTSD with prazosin dosed at night and during the day, respectively. This case report illustrates the resolution of flashbacks related to chronic PTSD with prazosin dosed 3 times a day. As the half-life of prazosin is only 2 to 3 hours, even a twice daily dosing regimen may lead to breakthrough symptoms between doses. This case proposes a unique dosing strategy for prazosin and need for further research utilizing multiple daily doses of prazosin in the treatment of PTSD.
AS DESIGUALDADES AMPLIADAS E AS ALTERNATIVAS EM CONSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Cattani Antonio David
Published: August 2022

As desigualdades socioeconômicas estão aumentando em todos os sentidos, e isso está articulado à expansão contraditória do capitalismo. Após algumas décadas de vigência de processos inclusivos, o capitalismo restabeleceu sua lógica inexorável de exploração, fundamentada no aproveitamento pático das desigualdades. As alternativas à dinâmica excludente não parecem barrar os efeitos socialmente negativos. O grande desafio colocado para as Ciências Sociais é recuperar a capacidade de análise crítica dos processos fundamentais, identificando os limites e as possibilidades das alternativas em construção. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: desigualdades, inclusão social, exclusão social, alternativas ao capitalismo, economia solidária. GROWING INEQUALITIES AND ALTERNATIVES BEING DEVELOPED     The socioeconomic inequalities are increasing in all directions in connection with the contradictory expansion of capitalism. After some decades of inclusive processes that were in force, capitalism reestablished its inexorable exploitation logic, resorting to the shameful inequality background. The alternatives to the excluding dynamics do not seem to refrain the socially negative effects. Social Sciences have to face the challenge of restoring the capacity of reviewing the essential processes, identifying the limits and possibilities of the alternatives being constructed. KEY WORDS: inequalities, social inclusion, social exclusion, alternatives to capitalism, solidary economy. LA CROISSANCE DES INEGALITES ET LES ALTERNATIVES EN COURS     Les inégalités socioéconomiques, liées à l’expansion contradictoire du capitalisme, sont en train d’augmenter. Suite à des processus d’inclusion en vigueur pendant quelques décennies, le capitalisme a rétabli sa logique inexorable d’exploitation basée, dans la pratique, sur le profit des inégalités. Les alternatives s’opposant à une dynamique d’exclusion ne semblent pas avoir la force de s’opposer aux effets socialement négatifs. Pour les Sciences Sociales, le grand défi est d’être à nouveau capable de faire une analyse critique des processus fondamentaux et d’identifier les limites et les possibilités des alternatives en cours. MOTS-CLÉS: inégalités, inclusion sociale, exclusion sociale, alternatives contre le capitalisme, économie solidaire.  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
O HIP HOP COMO POSSIBILIDADE DE INCLUSÃO E DE ENFRENTAMENTO DA DISCRIMINAÇÃO E DA SEGREGAÇÃO NA PERIFERIA DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Weller Wivian
Published: August 2022

O presente artigo discute a discriminação racial e a segregação socioespacial como uma das múltiplas faces da exclusão de jovens negros da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Analisa as rupturas biográficas, as experiências de deslocamento e as visões de mundo de jovens pertencentes ao movimento hip hop, destacando a contribuição dessa práxis políticomusical na elaboração de estratégias de enfrentamento do racismo e de outras formas de discriminação, bem como na construção da identidade coletiva e na constituição de redes solidárias entre grupos da mesma geração. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: juventude, culturas juvenis, discriminação racial, segregação socioespacial, exclusão social. O HIP HOP COMO POSSIBILIDADE DE INCLUSÃO E DE ENFRENTAMENTO DA DISCRIMINAÇÃO E DA SEGREGAÇÃO NA PERIFERIA DE SÃO PAULO     This article discusses racial discrimination and segregation as one of many facets of social exclusion among young blacks in the metropolitan region of São Paulo. It analyses biographical ruptures, experiences of displacement and the world views of young people related to the hip hop movement. The paper intends to demonstrate how the political and musical praxis contributes to the elaboration of strategies to overcome racisms and other forms of discrimination. Additionally, it shows the contribution of the musical praxis in the construction of a collective identity and solidarity networks between groups of the same generation. KEY-WORDS: youth, youth cultures, racial discrimination, segregation, social exclusion. LE HIP HOP COMME POSSIBILITE D’INCLUSION ET DE LUTTE CONTRE LA DISCRIMINATION ET LA SEGREGATION DANS LA PERIPHERIE DE SÃO PAULO      Cet article analyse la discrimination raciale et la ségrégation socio spatiale comme l’une des multiples facettes de l’exclusion des jeunes Noirs de la région métropolitaine de Sao Paulo. Il analyse les ruptures biographiques, les expériences de déplacement et les visions du monde des jeunes qui appartiennent au mouvement hip hop, en mettant en évidence la contribution de cette praxis politico musicale à l’élaboration de stratégies de lutte contre le racisme et d’autres formes de discrimination, à la construction de l’identité collective et à la constitution de réseaux solidaires entre groupes de la même génération. MOTS-CLÉS: Jeunesse, cultures jeunes, discrimination raciale, ségrégation socio spatiale, exclusion sociale. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
OLHARES SOCIOLÓGICOS, IMAGENS DA POBREZA E CONCEPÇÕES DE TRABALHO SOCIAL
Authors: Bajoit Guy
Published: August 2022

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DESIGUALDADES SOCIAIS E A FORMAÇÃO DE EXPECTATIVAS FAMILIARES E DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Barbosa Maria Ligia , Randall Laura
Published: August 2022

O artigo procura analisar quais seriam os fatores sociais (como a renda familiar, o sexo e a cor das crianças, a educação das mães), além daqueles propriamente escolares, que teriam influência na formação das expectativas das mães e das professoras sobre a trajetória escolar dessas crianças. Para essa análise, utilizam-se dados de um ‘survey’, processados através de regressões lineares. Verifica-se que, para as professoras, o único fator que tem peso significativo na avaliação, além do desempenho objetivo, é o sexo da criança: meninas recebem avaliação melhor do que a sua nota objetiva. A expectativa das mães, no entanto, sofre influências fortes da cor da criança, da renda familiar e do seu próprio nível de escolaridade. Através dessa expectativa materna podemos encontrar pistas importantes sobre os mecanismos de reprodução das desigualdades sociais. Palavras Chave: desigualdades sociais, desigualdades raciais, classificações sociais, escolarização, expectativas familiares. Social inequalities and the formation of family and teachers’ expectations     Expectations are a significant determinant of student achievement. We study the determinants mothers’ and teachers’ expectations about their child’s school achievement in the fourth grade in public elementary school in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. We examine the contribution of color, family income, gender, the parents’ highest level of education, and a measure of the child’s academic ability to mother’s expectations and to teacher’s opinions of the student’s achievement. This is explored for students in general, for white and nonwhite students and for those in the lowest socioeconomic category. Key words: social inequalities, racial inequalities, social classifications, escolarizations, family expectations. LES INEGALITES SOCIALES ET LA FORMATION D’ATTENTES DES FAMILLES ET DES PROFESSEURS     Cet article essaye d’analyser les facteurs sociaux (revenus familiaux, sexe, couleur des enfants, éducation des mères) qui, en plus de ceux plus spécifiquement scolaires, exerceraient une influence sur la formation des attentes des mères et des professeurs quant à la trajectoire scolaire de ces enfants. Pour procéder à cette analyse, les données d’un “survey” ont été utilisées et organisées par le biais de régressions linéaires. On a pu vérifier que, pour les professeures, le seul facteur ayant un poids considérable dans l’évaluation, mis à part les résultats objectifs, est le sexe de l’enfant: les filles obtiennent de meilleurs résultats par rapport à leur notre objective. L’attente des mères est, quant à elle, fortement influencée par la couleur de l’enfant, les revenus de la famille et leur propre niveau de scolarité. A partir de cette attente maternelle, il est possible de trouver des pistes importantes concernant les mécanismes de reproducion des inégalités sociales. Mots-clés: inégalités sociales, inégalités raciales, classifications sociales, scolarisation, attentes familiale Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
CASAMENTO: tempos, centramento, gerações e gênero
Authors: Torres Anália
Published: August 2022

Cem anos depois de Durkheim ter afirmado que “os indivíduos são mais importantes do que as coisas”, tendo subjacente a questão do patrimônio no contexto da família e do casamento, a afirmação tornou-se um lugar comum. Hoje está perfeitamente estabelecido, e de forma bem mais explícita a partir dos anos 60, que os afetos são a pedra de toque essencial do que circula no casamento e na família, embora também aí circulem e sejam geridos outros bens materiais e simbólicos. Neste artigo, procura- se perceber precisamente como se jogam e se articulam essas diversas lógicas – sentimentos e afetos, gestão de recursos, identidades, realização pessoal, projeções sobre o futuro, expectativas – na vida conjugal. Palavras-Chave: casamento, família, gênero, geração MARRIAGE: time, centering, generations and gender     A hundred years after Durkheim stated that “individuals are more important than things” in reference to patrimony in the family and marriage, this assertion became common sense. Today, in the aftermath of the 1960’s, it is perfectly established that emotions are the cornerstone of family and marriage, although it is true that other material and symbolic goods circulate and are managed in these areas. In this article, the author tries to understand how precisely these many logics are articulated and managed – feelings and affections, material resources, identities, personal achievements, expectations – in conjugal life. Key Words: marriage, family, gender, generation. MARIAGE: temps, centrage, générations et genre     Cent ans après que Durkheim ait affirmé que “les idnividus sont plus importants que les choses”, le problème du patrimoine dans le contexte de la famille et du mariage étant sous-jacent, cette affirmation est devenue courante. Actuellement il est certain, et cela très clairement à partir des années 60, que les affects représentent la pierre fondamentale en ce qui concerne le mariage et la famille, même si d’autres biens matériels et symboliques entrent également en jeu. Dans cet article, on essaie de percevoir de manière plus précise comment ces diverses logiques – sentiments et affects, gestion des ressources, identités, épanouissement personnel, projections pour l’avenir, attentes – entrent en jeu et sont articulées dans la vie conjugale. Mots-Clés: mariage, famille, genre, génération. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Producción teatral e intervención estatal en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Rivarola Larisa Mariel
Published: August 2022

ResumenEste artículo estudia las relaciones que los teatristas entablan con las políticas públicas de fomento de la actividad teatral, analizando las formas de producción en el circuito teatral alternativo de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, en relación con los supuestos y paradigmas establecidos en la Ley Nacional de Teatro, promulgada en 1997 en Argentina. Para ello, se sigue la propuesta del filósofo Eduardo Rinesi, quien utiliza elementos de la tragedia como herramienta de análisis.Palabras clave: Producción. Políticas. Teatro. Ley.
AbstractThis article studies the relationships that theater performers establish with public policies to promote theatrical activity, analyzing the forms of production in the alternative theater circuit of the City of Buenos Aires, in relation to the assumptions and paradigms established in the National Law Theater, enacted in 1997 in Argentina. For this, the proposal of the philosopher Eduardo Rinesi is followed, who uses elements of the tragedy as a tool for analysis.Keywords: Production. Politics. Theater. Law
Monte‐Carlo calculation of output correction factors for ionization chambers, solid‐state detectors, and EBT3 film in small fields of high‐energy photons
Authors: Klimanov Vladimir A. , Kirpichev Yury S. , Serikbekova Zarina K. , Belousov Alexandr V. , Krusanov Grigorii A. , Walwyn‐Salas Gonzalo , Morozov Vladimir N. , Kolyvanova Maria A.
Published: August 2022

High‐energy accelerators are often used in oncological practice, but the information on the small‐field dosimetry for the photon beams with nominal energy above 10 MV is limited. The goal of the present work was to determine the values of the output correction factor () for solid‐state detectors (Diode E, PTW 60017; microDiamond, PTW 60019), EBT3 film, and ionization chambers (Semiflex, PTW 31010; Semiflex 3D, PTW 31021; PinPoint, PTW 31015; PinPoint 3D, PTW 31016) in the small fields formed by 10, 15, 18, and 20 MV photon beams. The output correction factors were calculated by Monte‐Carlo method using EGSnrc toolkit for six field sizes (from to ) for isocentric and constant source‐to‐surface distance (SSD) techniques. The decrease in the field size led to an increase in for ionization chambers, while for solid‐state detectors and radiochromic film, were less than unity at the smallest field size. A larger sensitive volume of ionization chamber corresponded to a stronger deviation of output correction factor from unity: 1.847 (125 mm3 PTW 31010) versus up to 1.183 (16 mm3 PTW 31016) at the smallest field of 10 MV beam. The calculated output correction factors were used to correct the output factors for PTW 60017, PTW 60019, and EBT3. The deviation of the corrected output factor from the results of Monte‐Carlo simulation did not exceed 3% in the fields from to for 10 and 18 MV beams. Thus, Diode E, microDiamond, and EBT3 film can be recommended for small‐field dosimetry of high‐energy photons.
Perceived Cognitive Function in People With Systemic Sclerosis: Associations With Symptoms and Daily Life Functioning
Authors: Chen Yen T. , Lescoat Alain , Khanna Dinesh , Murphy Susan L.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Perceived cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) but not well understood. This study aimed to examine potential factors associated with perceived cognitive function and to investigate the contributions of perceived cognitive function and symptoms to functional measures.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among patients with SSc (n = 106). Participants were mainly female (84%) and White (82%). Perceived cognitive function, symptoms, and functional measures were assessed with Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures. A multivariable regression was conducted to identify factors associated with perceived cognition. Hierarchical linear regressions examined the unique contributions of perceived cognitive function and symptoms to social participation and physical function.

Results

Fifty‐nine (56%) patients with SSc perceived mild‐to‐severe cognitive dysfunction. Being on work disability and having more fatigue were both significantly associated with perceived cognitive dysfunction. When examining the contributions of cognition and other symptoms to functional measures, self‐reported cognition became nonsignificant after fatigue and pain were entered into the regression model.

Conclusion

Being on work disability and having more fatigue were most highly associated with perceived cognitive dysfunction in patients with SSc. Unlike fatigue and pain, perceived cognitive function was not independently associated with functional measures. Nonetheless, future research should disentangle cognitive function and other symptoms, as well as their effects on daily activities, in SSc.
Relationship Between Knee Biomechanics and Pain in People With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hutchison Laura , Grayson Jane , Hiller Claire , D'Souza Nicole , Kobayashi Sarah , Simic Milena
Published: August 2022

Objective

Our primary aim was to determine the cross‐sectional relationship between knee biomechanics during gait and pain in people with medial knee osteoarthritis. Our secondary aim was to evaluate differences in knee biomechanics between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants with medial knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

Four online databases were searched from inception to July 2021. Eligible studies included people with medial/nonspecific knee osteoarthritis and a reported relationship between knee biomechanics during gait and pain or biomechanics of symptomatic and asymptomatic participants. Two reviewers independently extracted data and evaluated risk of bias. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed when three or more studies reported the same biomechanical variable for pooling (knee adduction moment [KAM], KAM impulse, varus thrust, and peak knee flexion moment [KFM]).

Results

Forty studies were included. Methodological quality ranged from 4 to 9/10. Forty‐seven unique biomechanical variables were reported. For the KAM, there was no correlation with pain for peak values pooled (early stance and overall) (r = 0.00, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −0.12, 0.11, k = 16), a small negative correlation for early stance peak alone (r = −0.09, 95% CI −0.18, −0.002, k = 12), and a medium positive correlation for the overall peak during stance (r = 0.30, 95% CI 0.17, 0.42, k = 4). Metaregression identified that body mass index moderated the peak KAM–pain relationship (P < 0.001). KAM impulse had a small positive correlation with pain (r = 0.23, 95% CI 0.04, 0.40, k = 5), and people with varus thrust had 3.84 greater odds of reporting pain compared with people without (95% CI 1.72, 8.53, k = 3). Meta‐analyses for the peak KFM and pain correlation and secondary aim were nonsignificant.

Conclusion

Some knee gait biomechanics were associated with pain in this cohort. Longitudinal studies are required to determine causality.
Flat Silk Cocoon‐Based Dressing: Daylight‐Driven Rechargeable Antibacterial Membranes Accelerate Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Yi Shixiong , Zhou Ying , Zhang Jiamei , Wang Min , Zheng Shaohui , Yang Xiao , Duan Lian , Reis Rui L. , Dai Fangyin , Kundu Subhas C. , Xiao Bo
Published: August 2022

One of the leading causes of death globally, especially in underdeveloped countries, is bacterial infection. Recently, the prevalence of infections from antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has been increasing, which makes the need for innovative antibacterial wound dressings urgent. It is reported that g‐C3N4‐based flat silk cocoons (FSCs) with rechargeable antibacterial activity can efficiently generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under daylight irradiation. The photoactive FSCs store the ROS and then release them in the dark. The engineered FSCs exhibit integrated properties of good biocompatibility, strong mechanical characteristics, robust photoactivity with photostorability, and excellent bactericidal efficiency (99.9% contact killing). In a rat model of infected wounds, the photoactive FSCs induce faster healing and reduce bacterial infections. The successful application of these FSC materials as wound dressings may provide a versatile platform for exploring the use of green photoactive antibacterial materials for accelerated wound healing and prevention of infections.
Wavelength‐Tunable Circularly Polarized Laser Arrays for Multidimensional Information Encryption
Authors: Zhan Xiuqin , Zhou Zhonghao , Zhou Wu , Yan Yongli , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: August 2022

Information security has attracted particular attention along with the exponential growth of information communications. Stimuli‐responsive microlasers show considerable potential for anti‐counterfeiting and encryption technologies due to their distinguishable signal readout, superior responsiveness, and distinct polarization states, yet their application is frequently restricted by the low security level due to the visualization of information recorded solely in emission wavelength. Here, a novel strategy is proposed to realize high‐security multidimensional information encryption based on wavelength‐tunable circularly polarized (CP) microlaser arrays by introducing additional covert polarization states as coding elements. CP laser emissions are obtained in cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) arrays due to well‐organized periodic helical superstructures, and the lasing wavelength is thermally tailored across a broad range. Based on the synergistic use of wavelength and polarization state as cryptographic primitives, the multidimensional information encryption and decryption in thermo‐responsive CP microlaser arrays is realized. These results provide valuable enlightenment to the development of stimuli‐responsive CP laser for information security and anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Solution‐Processing of CsPbClxBr3−x Perovskite Micro/Nanostructure Near‐Ultraviolet Photodetectors with High Performance
Authors: Zhou Hai , Yang Gaoqi , Ren Dongjie , Huang Jiabin , Gao Zheng , Duan Jinxia , Wang Hao
Published: August 2022

Lead halide perovskite materials have shown great application potential in the field of optoelectronics, but solution‐phase processing of all‐inorganic wide‐bandgap perovskite materials, especially CsPbCl3, faces great challenges due to the low solubility of the raw materials. Here, a solution‐processing of CsPbClxBr3−x perovskite micro/nanostructures (PMNSs) via a two‐step ion‐exchange method is reported. The halide composition and the surface morphology of the CsPbClxBr3−x PMNS are regulated by tailoring the reaction time of halide exchange, and the photodetectors (PDs) based on the CsPbBr2.25Cl0.75 PMNS exhibit best device performance. The CsPbBr2.25Cl0.75 PMNS PDs show excellent self‐powered performance with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.1 V, an on‐off ratio of up to 106, a responsivity of 0.31 A W−1, a detectivity of 2.87 × 1012 Jones, and a linear dynamic range of 130 dB. These excellent performances are attributed to the unique device structure in which large‐sized micro‐nanocrystals in the bottom layer guarantee the generation of carriers, and the nanowires on top penetrate the carbon and benefit from excellent contact between the perovskite and the electrode, thus resulting in a good device performance.
Supramolecular Assembly‐Induced Emission Enhancement Vesicles Regulated by Pincer‐Like Hosts Containing Pillar[5]arenes
Authors: Yu Jia‐Lin , Wu Ming‐Xue , Xue Zhi‐Yuan , Xia Qing‐Qing , Liu Xiaomin , Wang Xing‐Huo
Published: August 2022

Supramolecular assembly‐induced emission enhancement (SAIEE) systems have been proved to be a highly efficient approach for the fabrication of luminescent nanoparticles with uniform morphology. Herein, fluorescent supramolecular vesicles are constructed from tetraphenylethene‐based cyano‐alkane tetramer (TPE‐(CN)4) and pincer‐like hosts containing two pillar[5]arene units (B‐(TAP[5]A)2) through a synergistic effect of host–guest interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Notably, the emission intensity of supramolecular vesicles can be remarkably enhanced with quantum yield determined to be 37.69%, whereas that of TPE‐(CN)4 is only 18.93% in mixture solvent. Furthermore, the supramolecular vesicles can retard the photocyclization reaction of TPE‐(CN)4 under UV light and exhibit considerable emission intensity at high temperature. Enthused by the above results, artificial light‐harvesting systems with high antenna effect of 18.7 are facilely established by introducing cyano‐vinyl derivatives (CV‐CN) as donor, demonstrating the adjustable emission wavelength through Förster resonance energy transfer in the present SAIEE systems. Taking advantage of the tunable emission colors, fluorescent ink based on supramolecular vesicles is successfully prepared, setting the basis for potential application in security painting. As a proof‐of‐concept study, the pincer‐like host facilitates the optical performance of chromophores with aggregation‐induced emission feature, and unlocks more possibilities for the establishment of SAIEE systems in aqueous.
Textured MAPbI3 Thin Films Achieved via Solvent Engineering in the Solution‐Shearing Process
Authors: Smith Benjamin T. , Thornton Sean T. , Abdelmageed Ghada , Kahwagi Rashad F. , Elsebai Rania , Chiriac Vlad , Kim Chang-Yong , Hinds Sean , Koleilat Ghada I.
Published: August 2022

Solvent mixtures for making uniform, crystalline methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite films are provided. The solvents dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), γ‐butyrolactone (GBL), and 1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) are examined as well as their binary combinations to prepare solution‐sheared perovskite films at higher than 150 °C temperatures. Characterization methods such as imaging, X‐ray diffraction, grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and photoluminescence (PL) to evaluate the crystal size, quality, and ordering that determine the viability of these films for device applications are explored and then a perovskite solar cell is made to test the stability of the most promising film. Excellent macroscopic crystals, over 1 mm in length, are achieved using a solvent mixture containing equal volumes of DMSO and NMP. These superior 3D MAPbI3 films, which retain solvent–perovskite intermediate phases and exhibit high crystalline ordering, are essential for high‐performing and stable optoelectronic devices.
Directed Dehydrogenative Copper‐Catalyzed C−H Thiolation in Pseudo‐Anomeric Position of Glycals using Thiol and Thiosugar Partners
Authors: Li Linlin , Mahri Lynda , de Robichon Morgane , Fatthalla Maha , Ferry Angélique , Messaoudi Samir
Published: August 2022

The synthesis of 1‐thiotrehaloses and thioglycals by a directed copper‐catalyzed dehydrogenative C−H thiolation of the pseudo‐anomeric bond of glycals is described. The use of aminoquinoline‐containing glycals as well as thiosugars or thiols as coupling partners led to the synthesis of a library of thioglycosides in moderate to good yields.

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DBU‐Promoted Three‐Component Cascade Annulations to Access Multiply Substituted 3‐Cyano‐thiophenes
Authors: Zheng Lvyin , Liu Gongping , Zou Xiaoying , Zhong Yumei , Deng Lei , Wu Yingying , Yang Beining , Wang Yihan , Guo Wei
Published: August 2022

Metal‐free [2+2+1] three‐component cascade annulations for the one‐pot synthesis of multiply substituted 3‐cyano‐thiophenes from 3‐oxo‐nitriles, enones and elemental sulfur are described. This DBU‐promoted protocol features good functional group tolerance, and provides high value 3‐cyano‐thiophenes in moderate to good yields under simple reaction conditions. This approach also enables late‐stage modifications of structurally complex bioactive molecules and drugs, which exhibits potential applications in medicinal chemistry.
Venous Collagenosis as Pathogenesis of White Matter Hyperintensity
Authors: Lahna David , Schwartz Daniel L , Woltjer Randy , Black Sandra E , Roese Natalie , Dodge Hiroko , Boespflug Erin L , Keith Julia , Gao Fuqiang , Ramirez Joel , Silbert Lisa C
Published: August 2022

Objective

Periventricular white matter hyperintensities (pvWMHs) are commonly observed on MRI in older individuals and are associated with cognitive and motor decline. The etiology of pvWMH remains unknown. Venous collagenosis has been implicated, which may also interfere with perivascular fluid flow leading to dilation of perivascular spaces (PVS). Here, we examine relationships between in vivo pvWMH volume and ex vivo morphological quantification of collagenosis and the PVS in veins and arteries.

Methods

Brain tissue from 25 Oregon Alzheimer's Disease Research Center subjects was selected to cover the full range of WMH burden. Tissue from white matter abutting the ventricle was stained with Masson's trichrome and smooth muscle actin. An automated hue based algorithm identified and segmented vessel into collagenized vessel walls, lumen, and PVS. Multiple linear regressions with pvWMH volume as the dependent variable and either collagen thickness or PVS width were performed with covariates of vessel diameter, age at death, sex, and interval between MRI and death.

Results

PVS width and collagen thickness were significantly correlated in both arteries (r = 0.21, p = 0.001) and veins (r = 0.23, p = 0.001). Increased venous collagen (p = 0.017) was a significant predictor of higher pvWMH burden while arterial collagen was not (p = 0.128). Neither PVS width in arteries (p = 0.937) nor veins (p = 0.133) predicted pvWMH burden.

Interpretation

These findings are consistent with a model in which venous collagenosis mediates the relationship between vascular risk factors and pvWMH. This study confirms the importance of changes to the venous system in contributing to MRI white matter lesions commonly observed with advanced age. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:992–1000
Green Carbon Science: Keeping the Pace in Practice
Authors: Gao Peng , Zhong Liangshu , Han Buxing , He Mingyuan , Sun Yuhan
Published: August 2022

The concept of green carbon science is to promote the goal of achieving carbon neutrality, the importance and urgency of which have been well‐recognized and received worldwide attention. Carbon neutrality has become the focus of research work in many fields, and correspondingly, a growing number of papers and publications have been published over the last few years. However, since carbon neutralization is a real problem that urgently requires technical solutions, the transition from fundamental research to practical applications must be accelerated. A number of research teams are bold in putting things into practice and blazing new trails. This Review summarizes the recent technological developments within the framework of green carbon science, focusing on conducted pilot tests, industrial demonstrations, and commercial applications beyond the laboratory stage.
Identification and transcriptional profile of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) lipophorin in different stages
Authors: Martins Larissa Almeida , de Moura Alexandre Santos , de Miranda Ceres Maciel , Cardoso André Franco
Published: August 2022

Lipophorin is a major hemolymph lipoprotein found in insects with a molecular native mass of 700 kDa. In mosquitoes, two different types of apolipoproteins are characterized, apolipophorin‐I (ApoLp‐I, ~250 kDa) and apolipophorin‐II (ApoLp‐II, ~80 kDa). This concentration depends on the stage of development and the age of the insects. Lipophorins are best studied in mosquitoes of the genus Aedes and Anopheles. In this study, we analyze the lipophorin sequence and show the lipophorin purification of the Culex quinquefasciatus and the transcriptional profile of the lipophorin gene in different life cycle stages. Similar amino acid composition and molecular weights are founded in three mosquitoes species lipophorins amino acid sequence. The two subunits of purified lipophorin (Apo I and Apo II) showed molecular masses of approximately 248 and 93 kDa, like that found in other mosquitoes. A gradual increase in the lipophorin expression gene was obtained during the previtellogenic period and after feeding we obtained peak expression at 24 h after feeding. With our results, we conclude that C. quinquefasciatus protein sequence has the same characteristics as those observed in other mosquitoes and that the expression of its apolipophorins is induced by blood feeding.
Development and External Validation of a Model Predicting New‐Onset Chronic Uveitis at Different Disease Durations in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: van Straalen Joeri W. , Kearsley‐Fleet Lianne , Klotsche Jens , de Roock Sytze , Minden Kirsten , Heiligenhaus Arnd , Hyrich Kimme L. , de Boer Joke H. , Lamot Lovro , Olivieri Alma N. , Gallizzi Romina , Smolewska Elzbieta , Faugier Enrique , Pastore Serena , Hashkes Philip J. , Herrera Cristina N. , Emminger Wolfgang , Consolini Rita , Wulffraat Nico M. , Ruperto Nicolino , Swart Joost F. ,   the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO), UK CAPS study, and German ICON study
Published: August 2022

Objective

To develop and externally validate a prediction model for new‐onset chronic uveitis in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) for clinical application.

Methods

Data from the international Pharmachild registry were used to develop a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Predictors were selected by backward selection, and missing values were handled by multiple imputation. The model was subsequently validated and recalibrated in 2 inception cohorts: the UK Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS) study and the German Inception Cohort of Newly diagnosed patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (ICON) study. Model performance was evaluated by calibration plots and C statistics for the 2‐, 4‐, and 7‐year risk of uveitis. A diagram and digital risk calculator were created for use in clinical practice.

Results

A total of 5,393 patients were included for model development, and predictor variables were age at JIA onset (hazard ratio [HR] 0.83 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.77–0.89]), ANA positivity (HR 1.59 [95% CI 1.06–2.38]), and International League of Associations for Rheumatology category of JIA (HR for oligoarthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and undifferentiated arthritis versus rheumatoid factor–negative polyarthritis 1.40 [95% CI 0.91–2.16]). Performance of the recalibrated prediction model in the validation cohorts was acceptable; calibration plots indicated good calibration and C statistics for the 7‐year risk of uveitis (0.75 [95% CI 0.72–0.79] for the ICON cohort and 0.70 [95% CI 0.64–0.76] for the CAPS cohort).

Conclusion

We present for the first time a validated prognostic tool for easily predicting chronic uveitis risk for individual JIA patients using common clinical parameters. This model could be used by clinicians to inform patients/parents and provide guidance in choice of uveitis screening frequency and arthritis drug therapy.
One‐Shot Active Learning for Globally Optimal Battery Electrolyte Conductivity**
Authors: Rahmanian Fuzhan , Vogler Monika , Wölke Christian , Yan Peng , Winter Martin , Cekic‐Laskovic Isidora , Stein Helge S.
Published: August 2022

Non‐aqueous aprotic battery electrolytes need to perform well over a wide range of temperatures in practical applications. Herein we present a one‐shot active learning study to find all conductivity optima, confidence bounds, and relating formulation trends in the temperature range from −30 °C to 60 °C. This optimization is enabled by a high‐throughput formulation and characterization setup guided by one‐shot active learning utilizing robust and heavily regularized polynomial regression. Whilst there is an initially good agreement for intermediate and low temperatures, there is a need for the active learning step to improve the model for high temperatures. Optimized electrolyte formulations likely correspond to the highest physically possible conductivities within this formulation system when compared to literature data. A thorough error propagation analysis yields a fidelity assessment of conductivity measurements and electrolyte formulation.