bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ELECTRIC FIELD SCREENING WITH BACKFLOW AT PULSAR POLAR CAP
Authors: Kisaka Shota , Asano Katsuaki , Terasawa Toshio
Published: September 2016

Recent γ-ray observations suggest that particle acceleration occurs at the outer region of the pulsar magnetosphere. The magnetic field lines in the outer acceleration region (OAR) are connected to the neutron star surface (NSS). If copious electron–positron pairs are produced near the NSS, such pairs flow into the OAR and screen the electric field there. To activate the OAR, the electromagnetic cascade due to the electric field near the NSS should be suppressed. However, since a return current is expected along the field lines through the OAR, the outflow extracted from the NSS alone cannot screen the electric field just above the NSS. In this paper, we analytically and numerically study the electric field screening at the NSS, taking into account the effects of the backflowing particles from the OAR. In certain limited cases, the electric field is screened without significant pair cascade if only ultra-relativistic particles (

) flow back to the NSS. On the other hand, if electron–positron pairs with a significant number density and mildly relativistic temperature, expected to distribute in a wide region of the magnetosphere, flow back to the NSS, these particles adjust the current and charge densities so that the electric field can be screened without pair cascade. We obtain the condition needed for the number density of particles to screen the electric field at the NSS. We also find that in the ion-extracted case from the NSS, bunches of particles are ejected to the outer region quasi-periodically, which is a possible mechanism of observed radio emission.
DISCOVERY OF A SUBSTELLAR COMPANION TO THE NEARBY DEBRIS DISK HOST HR 2562
Authors: Konopacky Quinn M. , Rameau Julien , Duchêne Gaspard , Filippazzo Joseph C. , Godfrey Paige A. Giorla , Marois Christian , Nielsen Eric L. , Pueyo Laurent , Rafikov Roman R. , Rice Emily L. , Wang Jason J. , Ammons S. Mark , Bailey Vanessa P. , Barman Travis S. , Bulger Joanna , Bruzzone Sebastian , Chilcote Jeffrey K. , Cotten Tara , Dawson Rebekah I. , Rosa Robert J. De , Doyon René , Esposito Thomas M. , Fitzgerald Michael P. , Follette Katherine B. , Goodsell Stephen , Graham James R. , Greenbaum Alexandra Z. , Hibon Pascale , Hung Li-Wei , Ingraham Patrick , Kalas Paul , Lafrenière David , Larkin James E. , Macintosh Bruce A. , Maire Jérôme , Marchis Franck , Marley Mark S. , Matthews Brenda C. , Metchev Stanimir , Millar-Blanchaer Maxwell A. , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Palmer David W. , Patience Jenny , Perrin Marshall D. , Poyneer Lisa A. , Rajan Abhijith , Rantakyrö Fredrik T. , Savransky Dmitry , Schneider Adam C. , Sivaramakrishnan Anand , Song Inseok , Soummer Remi , Thomas Sandrine , Wallace J. Kent , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Wiktorowicz Sloane J. , Wolff Schuyler G.
Published: September 2016

We present the discovery of a brown dwarf companion to the debris disk host star HR 2562. This object, discovered with the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), has a projected separation of 20.3 ± 0.3 au (

) from the star. With the high astrometric precision afforded by GPI, we have confirmed, to more than 5σ, the common proper motion of HR 2562B with the star, with only a month-long time baseline between observations. Spectral data in the J-, H-, and K-bands show a morphological similarity to L/T transition objects. We assign a spectral type of L7 ± 3 to HR 2562B and derive a luminosity of log(L

/

, corresponding to a mass of 30 ± 15

from evolutionary models at an estimated age of the system of 300–900 Myr. Although the uncertainty in the age of the host star is significant, the spectra and photometry exhibit several indications of youth for HR 2562B. The source has a position angle that is consistent with an orbit in the same plane as the debris disk recently resolved with Herschel. Additionally, it appears to be interior to the debris disk. Though the extent of the inner hole is currently too uncertain to place limits on the mass of HR 2562B, future observations of the disk with higher spatial resolution may be able to provide mass constraints. This is the first brown-dwarf-mass object found to reside in the inner hole of a debris disk, offering the opportunity to search for evidence of formation above the deuterium burning limit in a circumstellar disk.
Associação entre qualidade de vida e trabalho: a percepção de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem
Authors: Gonçalves Maira Martins , Fonseca Nelson Ricardo Soares , Carreiro Danilo Lima , Coutinho Laura Tatiany Mineiro , Santos Joyce Soares dos , Coutinho Wagner Luiz Mineiro
Published: September 2016

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre baixa percepção do nível de qualidade de vida (QV) e trabalho entre estudantes de graduação em enfermagem.MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico e transversal entre estudantes de uma instituição de ensino de Minas Gerais. Delineou-se a amostra em 312 pessoas, favorecendo a representatividade populacional. Utilizaram-se para coleta de dados: WHOQOL-Bref, Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil e questionário condições demográficas, socioeconômicas, de saúde, discentes e hábitos de vida/atitude. Avaliaram-se as associações em estudo por regressão logística binária e teste Qui Quadrado, considerando associação ao nível de p≤0,05.RESULTADOS: Participaram 404 estudantes, dos quais 341 responderam ao WHOQOL-Bref. Identificaram-se idade média de 23,6 anos (±5,9) e predomínio de estudantes não trabalhadores (54,3%; n=182). Registraram-se as seguintes prevalências de baixa percepção do nível de QV (26,7%; n=91), domínios físico (23,5%; n=80), psicológico (29,0%; n=99), relações sociais (18,8%; n=64) e meio ambiente (28,7%; n=98). Através da análise bivariada averiguou-se que estudantes-trabalhadores apresentaram chance 1,65 vezes de apresentar baixa percepção do nível de QV no domínio físico quando comparados aos estudantes não trabalhadores. As prevalências de baixa percepção do nível de QV, domínios físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio ambiente entre estudantes-trabalhadores foram de: 30,1%, 27,5%, 30,1%, 19,0% e 30,7%, respectivamente. Já entre estudantes não trabalhadores identificaram-se as respectivas prevalências: 23,6%, 18,7%, 26,9%, 17,6% e 25,8%.CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de baixa percepção do nível de QV é expressiva e merecedora de atenção. Registrou-se associação estatisticamente significante apenas entre baixa percepção do nível de QV no domínio físico e a condição trabalho.
Relação entre o tempo gasto com diversas tecnologias e a composição corporal de escolares
Authors: Cordova Michele , Mascarenhas Luis Paulo Gomes , Ribas Jr Miguel Altamir , Lima Valderi Abreu de , Grzelczak Marcos Tadeu , Souza William Cordeiro de
Published: September 2016

OBJETIVO: Relacionar o tempo gasto com diversas tecnologias e a composição corporal de escolares.MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por 58 escolares (28 meninos e 30 meninas) de 10 a 14 anos de idade, do município de São Bento do Sul/SC. Os alunos responderam a um questionário autoavaliativo elaborado pelos autores com três questões, onde deveriam descrever o tempo em horas que permanecem em frente à televisão/videogame, computadores e celular. Para avaliação do estado nutricional foi coletada a massa corporal e a estatura e calculado o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Coletaram-se as dobras cutâneas do tríceps e subescapular para avaliar o percentual de gordura (%G), para isso foi utilizado o protocolo de Lohman (1986). A normalidade dos dados foi obtida através do teste de Kolmogorov Smirnov. Após, realizou-se a estatística descritiva e o fator de correlação de Pearson (r) foi utilizado para verificar as relações entre o tempo gasto com diversas tecnologias, IMC e o %G. Para comparar as classificações obtidas entre o tempo gasto com diversas tecnologias, IMC e o %G foi realizado o teste do Qui-quadrado. Foi adotado um nível de significância de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Verificou relação fraca e não significante entre o tempo total em eletrônicos e o IMC (r= 0,15; p= 0,243). O mesmo acorreu entre o tempo total em eletrônicos e o %G (r= 0,22; p= 0,091).CONCLUSÕES: O tempo gasto com diversas tecnologias não apresenta relação com a composição corporal de escolares de 10 a 14 anos.
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF COMMERCIAL CAPSULES OF ISOFLAVONES AND QUANTIFICATION OF THEIR CONTENT
Authors: Mantovani Daniel , Corazza Marcos Lúcio , Ferreira-Pinto Leandro , Machado Giufrida Willyan , Cardozo-Filho Lúcio
Published: September 2016

The survey awakened a big interest in the production of functional, such as isoflavones, with proven action on the prevention of health problems, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Considering the importance of soybean supplements standardization, this study aimed identifying and quantifying the isoflavones in products sold at different pharmacies. Isoflavones samples were acquired in six different pharmacies specialized in the production of phytotherapic medications. The isoflavones were extracted, quantified and identified in HPLC. None of the samples, from different pharmacies, presented the isoflavones content presented on the label, i.e., 20 mg. In relation to the isoflavones profile, the highest levels found were of daidzein, with up to 66.8 µg, being the lowest levels the ones of genistein. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt methods of standardization and characterization of raw ensure that the content of isoflavones, because they are essential for the purposes prescribed by medical professionals
EFEITOS DO ENRIQUECIMENTO DA SEMENTE DE CHIA (Salvia hispanica) NAS PROPRIEDADES DE SORVETE DE MIRTILO (Vaccinium myrtillus)
Authors: Campidelli Marina Leopoldina Lamounier , Paulinelli Helenna Rosa , Magalhães Maísa Lamounier , Penoni Nayara , Carlos Fernanda Gonçalves
Published: September 2016

Uma estratégia para melhorar a qualidade da alimentação é a introdução de alimentos funcionais na dieta. Pesquisas comprovam que estes componentes promovem um efeito fisiológico contribuindo para a manutenção da saúde, bem-estar e diminuição dos riscos à saúde. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar as características físico-químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais de sorvete de mirtilo enriquecido com semente de chia. Os resultados mostraram que o sorvete apresentou características de pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis totais, umidade, cinzas e overrun dentro dos padrões legais e obteve 75% de aceitação sensorial e 72% de intenção de compra. Além do mais, segundo a legislação vigente, o sorvete está dentro dos padrões microbiológicos para Salmonella, coliformes totais e à 45 ºC. Sugere-se que a incorporação de semente de chia e polpa de mirtilo não interferiram nos padrões físico-químicos e no índice de aceitabilidade e encontra-se microbiologicamente aceito.
MCR-ALS and NIRS applied on the evaluation of the Lepidium meyenii antioxidant activity
Authors: SOARES DAIANE RIBEIRO , GONÇALVES RHAYANNA PRISCILA , VALDERRAMA PATRICIA , MARÇO PAULO HENRIQUE
Published: September 2016

The Peruvian Maca (Lepidium Meyenii Walp) is a food which is widely consumed around the Peruvian Andes and has been used in Brazil thanks to medicinal properties attributed by popular culture. Due to lack of information on this cultivar, it was proposed a study to evaluate the effect of adding Peruvian Maca in transgenic soybean oil. For this purpose, the spectra of soybean oil samples with and without addition of Maca after heating at different temperatures were measured at Visible and Near Infrared regions. The results were evaluated by chemometric methods of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multivariate Curve Resolution with Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS). The results suggest that Maca inhibits the appearance of oxidation products, which is evidenced when comparing the results obtained for the heated oil with and without addition of Maca.
Training of food handlers and evaluation of hygienic conditions in food service
Authors: Garcia Marcelo Valle , Centenaro Graciela Salete
Published: September 2016

The training of food handlers is an alternative to increase the quality of food products and their services. The objective of this work was to carry a training with food handlers of Itaqui (RS) food service and evaluate the hygienic conditions of the place. The training took place at the establishment, we used multimedia presentation and as an aid, a primer for food handlers. The content covered was based on the legislation calls. It was applied a questionnaire of knowledge on good practices, before and after the training and at the end, the participants evaluated the training through a form. The hygienic conditions were evaluated through a list from the Ordinance n°. 78/2009 of the RS and to resolve nonconformities, we used a plan of action. The level of knowledge of handlers increased after the training and the content was considered intermediate and the language used in training was considered easy by the most of handlers. The property was considered deficient (group 3) in the first application from the list and after the completion of the action plan, completion of training and structural and behavioral changes, is now classified as regular (group 2). Training and application of the list helped in increasing the adequacy of front food service with current health legislation.
El voto de obediencia de Paolo Sarpi: pensamiento político en la Venecia de la contrarreforma
Authors: Kainulainen Jaska
Published: September 2016

El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar la idea de obediencia en el pensamiento político católico de la edad moderna, en particular en Venecia en el siglo XVII y en Paolo Sarpi, uno de sus pensadores políticos más importantes. Este artículo argumenta que para Sarpi y la nobleza la obediencia era un concepto católico, que a pesar de ello, aplicaron a un sistema de gobierno secular. A pesar de su negativa a obedecer la prohibición papal durante el interdicto de Venecia en 1606-1607, los venecianos consideraban la obediencia como un acto de piedad y un elemento indispensable de la vida cívica.
Las querellas de la paz: patronato real, público y liturgia en la Nueva España, 1750-1800
Authors: Carbajal López David
Published: September 2016

En el siglo XVI, la Reforma católica suprimió el beso de la paz entre los fieles en las ceremonias de la misa, estableciendo en cambio el beso del portapaz en las misas solemnes, reservado para clero, para los soberanos y sus magistrados. En el mundo hispánico y en particular en el reino de Nueva España durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, el portapaz se convirtió por ello en motivo de querellas entre el clero, los magistrados y los miembros de los ayuntamientos. Mientras obispos y canónigos trataban de preservar lo que estimaban un elemento propio de ceremonias sagradas y distintivo de la jerarquía clerical, las autoridades civiles reclamaron su presentación fundados tanto en la regalía del Patronato regio de la Iglesia, como en motivos de utilidad del público.
Los dos copistas del manuscrito de Smaragdo (John Rylands Library, Ms. Lat. 104)
Authors: Cuenca Muñoz Paloma
Published: September 2016

La obra de Smaragdo titulada Expositio in Regulam Sancti Benedicti se ha conservado en varios códices copiados en escritura visigótica. De ellos, el manuscrito conservado en la John Rylands Library con la signatura Ms. Lat. 104 contiene una serie de peculiaridades que, desde el punto de vista paleográfico, hacen de especial interés su estudio, sobre todo en lo referente a los copistas que intervienen en la escritura del texto.
Muerte, religiosidad e ideología: el significado del ajuar en los sepulcros de Alfonso X y Sancho IV de Castilla
Authors: Parra Aguilar Leonor
Published: September 2016

Los enterramientos de los monarcas del reino de Castilla nos muestran como los reyes pretendían dejar señales de su poder aún en la muerte. A través del estudio detallado y la comparación de los ajuares de Alfonso X y Sancho IV de Castilla, plantearemos una hipótesis que advierte la existencia de un mismo modelo ideológico en ambos monarcas. Para llegar a ello, se prestará atención a los elementos de poder con los que se entierran, que pretenden ser símbolos de la ideología regia. Se verá cómo en los ámbitos funerarios de los poderosos, las pretensiones monárquicas tienden a multiplicar su fortaleza como arma y como propaganda política, siempre apoyándose en la religiosidad para argumentar su poder.
Así en la tierra como en el cielo. Consideraciones sobre la demonología cristiana tardomedieval a partir del Liber quintus del Fortalitium fidei
Authors: Cavallero Constanza
Published: September 2016

El presente trabajo explora el lazo existente entre el discurso demonológico expresado por fray Alonso de Espina en el Liber quintus de su Fortalitium fidei (escrito c. 1460) y las principales inquietudes que manifiesta el fraile a lo largo de su obra. Sus disquisiciones demonológicas le permiten vincular el mundo sensible y suprasensible (sobre todo, ante quienes descreían del “más allá”) y enfatizar la injerencia del plano trascendente en el destino de los cristianos, tanto a nivel comunitario como individual, instigando, por esa vía, la conversión verdadera y la reforma de costumbres.
Sobre la segunda legación en España del cardenal Guido de Boulogne (1372-1373)
Authors: Martín Prieto Pablo
Published: September 2016

El presente trabajo pretende dibujar un panorama de la misión confiada por el papa Gregorio XI al cardenal Guido de Boulogne, cuando lo envió a una segunda legación en los reinos hispanos en 1372-1373. Allí, el legado se ocupó principalmente de las negociaciones de paz entre Castilla, Portugal, Navarra y Aragón, sin descuidar otros asuntos de su agenda diplomática, relacionados con una cierta variedad de problemas, como cuestiones de disciplina clerical, la necesidad de llegar a un acuerdo final entre Castilla y el Papado sobre la suerte de los bienes que fueron de la orden templaria, o algunos temas propuestos por diferentes instancias del clero local, entre otros. El hilo conductor de nuestra investigación viene dado por una selección significativa de documentos procedentes de los archivos vaticanos, de los que se da una muestra en el apéndice documental.
Un problema de historiografía y cronología: la fecha de nacimiento del cardenal Jiménez de Cisneros
Authors: Vázquez Martínez Francisco
Published: September 2016

En este artículo se cuestiona la fecha tradicional del nacimiento del cardenal Jiménez de Cisneros, mediante el examen de la historiografía tanto antigua como moderna, y de la cronología de sus parientes y contemporáneos. Como resultado de ella se sugiere una fecha más probable de dicho nacimiento y se da una nueva cronología de los primeros años de su vida.
La dualidad de Teresa de Jesús y el proyecto de “Jesuitas descalzos”
Authors: Rodríguez-San Pedro Bezares Luis E.
Published: September 2016

En Teresa de Jesús parece coexistir una dualidad personal y de proyecto, que está en el origen de la evolución posterior (y los desencuentros) de la Orden Carmelita Descalza; sobre todo en la rama masculina. Desde la Teresa ermitaña, interior y añorante de la Regla primitiva, a la activa fundadora con preocupación misional y salvación de almas. Juan de la Cruz se situaría en la estela de “la primera Teresa”, y Jerónimo Gracián en la de “la segunda”. En la vida de la propia Teresa de Jesús convivieron dos formas posibles de Carmelo; pero tanta creatividad, pluralidad interior y energía no estaba al alcance de todos. La sintonía entre “la segunda Teresa” y Jerónimo Gracián, ¿no propiciaba una tendencia de los Carmelitas descalzos que pudiéramos denominar de “Jesuitas descalzos”?: es decir, al tiempo apostólico/misioneros y contemplativo/penitentes.
Religión o superstición. Un debate ilustrado en la España del siglo XVIII
Authors: Martínez Gil Fernando
Published: September 2016

El término superstición es un concepto histórico y, como tal, ha ido variando a lo largo de los siglos y de las culturas. Entendido siempre en relación a la idea de religión, fue definido como una religión falsa o impropia, y otras veces como el extremo opuesto de la impiedad, pasando la religión a ocupar el centro o ideal de virtud. Si el debate sobre la religión jugó un papel decisivo en la configuración de un pensamiento ilustrado propiamente español, también lo tuvo, en consecuencia, el debate sobre la superstición. El presente trabajo profundiza en ese debate crucial que consumó el desencuentro entre la cultura oficial y la cultura o culturas populares.
Rasgos del magistral González de Candamo en la Metropolitana de México (1799-1804)
Authors: Astorgano Abajo Antonio
Published: September 2016

El teólogo ilustrado Gaspar González de Candamo (1753-1804) fue canónigo regular de San Agustín, magistral de la Colegiata de San Isidoro de León, catedrático de hebreo de la Universidad de Salamanca, canónigo por designación real de Guadalajara (México), gobernador eclesiástico de la diócesis del Nuevo Reino de León (Monterrey) y magistral de la Catedral Metropolitana de México. Partidario convencido de las reformas de los políticos del reinado de Carlos III, en el presente estudio presentamos sus andanzas en el cabildo de México. Excelente orador sagrado, analizamos brevemente el reformismo regalista de su pensamiento sociopolítico y religioso (cercano al jansenismo) a través de sus sermones.
Devoción, utilidad y distinción. La reforma de las cofradías novohispanas y el culto del Santísimo Sacramento, 1750-1820
Authors: Carbajal López David
Published: September 2016

En la Nueva España de finales del siglo xviii, el culto del Santísimo Sacramento se renueva con la creación de las congregaciones de cocheros del viático y del alumbrado y vela del Santísimo. Fundadas en el marco de la reforma de las cofradías en el mundo hispánico, nos muestran las contradicciones de los proyectos de los “ilustrados”, quienes reconocen la utilidad de una devoción fundamental para la catolicidad. Asimismo, dan cuenta de la importancia creciente de la visibilidad de las jerarquías sociales tanto para los cofrades como para los reformadores.
¿Fanáticas, maternales o feministas? Monjas y congregacionistas en la España decimonónica
Authors: Mínguez Blasco Raúl
Published: September 2016

Uno de los fenómenos más destacados de la feminización del catolicismo durante el siglo XIX fue el notable aumento de las congregaciones femeninas, que se unieron a las más tradicionales órdenes de clausura. Los modelos de feminidad de la época tendieron a imaginar a las mujeres religiosas, bien como sujetos débiles y fanatizados por influencia de sus confesores, bien como cándidos ángeles maternales que atendían de forma desinteresada a los más necesitados. Ambas construcciones ocultaban los aspectos más rupturistas abiertos por las congregaciones femeninas y, en especial, por sus superioras generales. Ambición, autoridad y liderazgo fueron algunos de los principios que caracterizaron las vidas de estas mujeres. A través de los casos de dos fundadoras de congregaciones reflexionaremos sobre su capacidad de agencia y discutiremos hasta qué punto pueden ser calificadas estas mujeres como feministas.
Presencia del arzobispo Gandásegui en instituciones eclesiásticas nacionales (1920-1937)
Authors: Palomares Ibáñez Jesús María
Published: September 2016

Dentro del episcopado español del primer tercio del siglo XX destaca la personalidad de Remigio Gandásegui (1871-1937). Preconizado obispo cuando tenía 34 años para la sede de Ciudad Real, diez años después gobernó la diócesis de Segovia. Desde 1920 y hasta su muerte rige la archidiócesis de Valladolid. Será ahora, y en virtud de su categoría arzobispal, cuando participe directamente en los dos organismos nacionales de la iglesia española que considera este artículo.
Monseñor Orrego y los conflictos entre católicos y laicistas en La Serena
Authors: Cordero Fernández María Macarena
Published: September 2016

En los primeros años de la República la base cultural de la sociedad chilena era la tradición católica. Pero, a mediados del siglo XIX las tendencias librepensadoras adquirieron más relevancia social y política, provocando que la elite se cuestionara el rol que la Iglesia debía jugar en la vida pública nacional. En este contexto hacia la modernidad y el liberalismo, en La Serena se produjeron conflictos entre liberales y conservadores manifestándose en tiempos del obispo Orrego, ultramontano que desde su diócesis intentó impedir la secularización de la sociedad.
Improving scholarship through library professionalism: an inevitable role of librarianship in the world of academia
Authors: Ramanan T.
Published: September 2016

No abstract available
A review of the possibility in applying game theory to libraries
Authors: Weerasinghe Sureni
Published: September 2016

This study aims to review literature on classical game theory applications in libraries and enable librarians to identify which games may be played in response to various decision-making situations especially in uncertain settings. Also this review paper provides approaches that are helpful for library cooperation. This study is mainly based on works of Hayes (2003), of various game theoretical concepts and applications of those in the library setting and explores the value of game theory concepts in helping libraries deal with management issues and library cooperation which is not widely practiced among libraries.
Estimating population variability of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae): how many years are required?
Authors: Lamb Robert J. , MacKay Patricia A. , Alyokhin Andrei
Published: September 2016

Variability is an important characteristic of population dynamics, but the length of the time series required to estimate population variability is poorly understood. To this end, population variability of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and Aphis nasturtii (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was investigated. Population variability (measured as PV, a proportion between 0 and 1) was estimated for time series of 3–62 years, giving replicate estimates for time series of 3–20 years that were normally distributed. Mean values for PV were more uniform for a time series of 12 years or longer than for shorter ones. The standard deviation of PV declined to a minimum at 12–15 years, as the length of the time series increased. Discrimination of estimates of PV was reliable for 15-year time series and longer, but not necessarily for shorter ones. Although M. euphorbiae had a relatively low PV, the coefficient of variation of that PV (12.5), was higher than for the other two species (3.5, 4.5). For robust estimates of PV, a time series of 15 years is recommended, because it minimises the standard deviation of PV, and discriminates values of PV that differ by 0.06 on a 0–1 scale.
Nontraumatic Testicular Pain due to Sacroiliac-Joint Dysfunction: A Case Report
Authors: Leone James E. , Middleton Steve
Published: September 2016

Objective:

To discuss the case of a 49-year-old man who presented to the sports medicine staff with pelvic pain of 10 years' duration consistent with pudendal neuralgia.

Background:

Testicular pain in men is often provoked by direct trauma or may indicate an oncologic process.

Differential Diagnosis:

Epididymitis, athletic pubalgia, testicular tumor, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, lumbar radiculopathy.

Treatment:

The patient responded positively to treatment and rehabilitation to restore normal mechanics to the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex. Several flare-ups since the initial treatment have been of short duration (<2 days) and less intense.

Uniqueness:

Pudendal neuralgia tends to affect females more than males due to changes in the alignment and stability of the pelvis from a combination of a shorter, wider pelvis and muscle imbalances associated with childbirth. Typically, males with testicular pain suffer from epididymitis or some type of testicular torsion, which was not the situation in this case. Compression is also a common cause of pudendal neuralgia, although it was not responsible for this patient's pain, making diagnosis and treatment complex.

Conclusions:

Many pain syndromes can be treated with removal of the original stimulus. However, recognizing the factors contributing to pelvic pain and dysfunction in males can be a challenge for the sports medicine professional. A vigilant and unassuming approach to male pelvic pain is warranted, particularly by health care providers in diverse practice settings.
Bolster material granuloma masquerading as recurrent renal cell carcinoma following partial nephrectomy
Authors: Singh Abhishek , Jai Shrikant , Ganpule Sanika , Ganpule Arvind
Published: September 2016

Nephron sparing surgery has seen a phenomenal rise in its application over the past few decades. The use of Surgicel and gel foam for closure of defect created after partial nephrectomy has become a routine practice at many centers. In this case report, we describe radiological artifact secondary to a surgical bolster mimicking a residual disease or an early recurrence in the kidney. This case highlights two facts; first, reapproximation of the renal tissue is best done without the use of Surgicel bolsters. Second, bolsteroma should always be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis in a case where computed tomography (CT) imaging is showing early recurrence. If the surgeon is sure about the surgical margins being negative and the CT image shows a bolsteroma, the patient should be observed and a repeat scan should be done at 3–6 months, which would show regression or disappearance of the lesion proving it to be an artifact rather than malignant lesion.
The Abernethy malformation-myriad imaging manifestations of a single entity
Authors: Ghuman Samarjit S , Gupta Saumya , Buxi T B S , Rawat Kishan S , Yadav Anurag , Mehta Naimish , Sud Seema
Published: September 2016

Abernethy malformation, also known as congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (CEPS) is a rare clinical entity and manifests with different clinical symptoms. CEPS are abnormalities of vascular development where there is shunting of portal blood into the systemic venous system. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a fast and effective modality for evaluation of CEPS. CT displays all the information desired by the surgeon as well as the clinician including the anatomy of the splenic and superior mesenteric veins, size and site of the shunt, presence or absence of the portal vein radicles, and helps to plan the therapy and even the follow-up of these patients. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also emerged as a promising tool for the evaluation of liver lesions associated with the malformation. The Radiologist should be aware of the various imaging appearances of this entity including its complications. In this article, we describe the imaging appearances of CEPS, their complications, and their imaging appearances on CT and MRI. We have also described various associated anomalies.
Magnetic resonance neurographic confirmation of extensive Plexiform neurofibroma in neurofibromatosis-1 presenting as ambiguous genitalia
Authors: Kumar Ishan , Verma Ashish , Ojha Ritu , Aggarwal Priyanka , Shukla Ram C , Srivastava Arvind
Published: September 2016

Genitourinary involvement of neurofibromatosis is uncommon and genital neurofibromatosis is even rarer. Involvement of clitoris by neurofibroma can lead to clitoromegaly masquerading as a male penis. We report such a case of ambiguous genitalia in a 7-year-old female child presenting with clitoromegaly since birth, in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the presence of extensive neurofibromatosis in the clitoris and lumbosacral regions. We emphasize the central role of MRI in evaluation of hormonal and non-hormonal causes of ambiguous genitalia. We further discuss the merits of including MR neurography in the imaging protocol for comprehensive delineation of neurofibromatosis.
Degree Kirchhoff Index of Bicyclic Graphs
Authors: Tang Zikai , Deng Hanyuan
Published: September 2016

Let G be a connected graph with vertex set V(G).The degree Kirchhoò index of G is defined as S'(G) = Σ{u,v}⊆V(G) d(u)d(v)R(u, v), where d(u) is the degree of vertex u, and R(u, v) denotes the resistance distance between vertices u and v. In this paper, we characterize the graphs having maximum and minimum degree Kirchhoò index among all n-vertex bicyclic graphs with exactly two cycles.
Multi-Catalan tableaux and the two-species TASEP
Authors: Mandelshtam Olya
Published: September 2016

The goal of this paper is to provide a combinatorial expression for the steady state probabilities of the two-species ASEP. In this model, there are two species of particles, one
heavy
and one
light
, on a one-dimensional finite lattice with open boundaries. Both particles can swap places with adjacent holes to the right and left at rates 1 and

q

. Moreover, when the heavy and
light
particles are adjacent to each other, they can swap places as if the
light
particle were a hole. Additionally, the
heavy
particles can hop in and out at the boundary of the lattice. Our main result is a combinatorial interpretation for the stationary distribution at

q = 0

in terms of certain multi-Catalan tableaux. We provide an explicit determinantal formula for the steady state probabilities and the partition function, as well as some general enumerative results for this case. We also describe a Markov process on these tableaux that projects to the two-species ASEP, and thus directly explains the connection between the two. Finally, we give a conjecture that gives a formula for the stationary distribution to the

q = 1

case, using certain two-species alternative tableaux.
Conformal graph directed Markov systems: beyond finite irreducibility
Authors: Ghenciu Andrei E. , Mauldin R. Daniel , Roy Mario
Published: September 2016

In this paper, we study CGDMSs which are not necessarily finitely irreducible. We do this from two different perspectives: by investigating irreducible infinite systems and by examining general (i.e. potentially reducible) finite systems. In this latter case, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition under which the Hausdorff measure of the limit set is positive and finite. We further show that if this condition doesn’t hold then the Hausdorff measure, though infinite, is

\sigma

-finite. This condition is given in terms of the strongly connected components of the directed graph. We also demonstrate that the pressure and Hausdorff dimension of the limit set are completely determined by the strongly connected components.
Some properties of energy measures on Sierpinski gasket type fractals
Authors: Hino Masanori
Published: September 2016

We confirm, in a more general framework, a part of the conjecture posed by R. Bell, C.-W. Ho, and R. S. Strichartz [Energy measures of harmonic functions on the Sierpiński gasket,
Indiana Univ. Math. J.
63
(2014), 831–868] on the distribution of energy measures for the canonical Dirichlet form on the two-dimensional standard Sierpinski gasket.
Poročilo z delavnice projekta European Language Resources Coordination (ELRC) v Ljubljani (8. 12. 2015)
Authors: Zupan Katja
Published: September 2016

Delavnica projekta European Language Resources Coordination (ELRC) je potekala 8. decembra 2015 na Institutu »Jožef Stefan« (IJS) v Ljubljani. Organizirala sta jo Center za prenos znanja na področju informacijskih tehnologij ter Laboratorij za umetno inteligenco IJS skupaj s Predstavništvom Evropske komisije v Sloveniji. Nacionalni koordinator dogodka je bil predstavnik ELRC v Sloveniji Simon Krek z IJS, konzorcij ELRC pa je zastopal Stelios Piperidis. Delavnice se je udeležilo 38 udeležencev, večinoma predstavnikov ministrstev in drugih javnih služb, pa tudi računalniški strokovnjaki in samostojni prevajalci. Videoposnetek delavnice in posamezne predstavitve si je mogoče ogledati na portalu Videolectures.
Cloud ice caused by atmospheric mineral dust – Part 1: Parameterization of
ice nuclei concentration in the NMME-DREAM model
Authors: Nickovic Slobodan , Cvetkovic Bojan , Madonna Fabio , Rosoldi Marco , Pejanovic Goran , Petkovic Slavko , Nikolic Jugoslav
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Dust aerosols are very efficient ice nuclei, important for heterogeneous cloud glaciation even in regions distant from desert sources. A new generation of ice nucleation parameterizations, including dust as an ice nucleation agent, opens the way towards a more accurate treatment of cold cloud formation in atmospheric models. Using such parameterizations, we have developed a regional dust-atmospheric modelling system capable of predicting, in real time, dust-induced ice nucleation. We executed the model with the added ice nucleation component over the Mediterranean region, exposed to moderate Saharan dust transport, over two periods lasting 15 and 9 days, respectively. The model results were compared against satellite and ground-based cloud-ice-related measurements, provided by SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) and the CNR-IMAA Atmospheric Observatory (CIAO) in Potenza, southern Italy. The predicted ice nuclei concentration showed a reasonable level of agreement when compared against the observed spatial and temporal patterns of cloud ice water. The developed methodology permits the use of ice nuclei as input into the cloud microphysics schemes of atmospheric models, assuming that this approach could improve the predictions of cloud formation and associated precipitation.
Isotopic constraints on the role of hypohalous acids in sulfate aerosol
formation in the remote marine boundary layer
Authors: Chen Qianjie , Geng Lei , Schmidt Johan A. , Xie Zhouqing , Kang Hui , Dachs Jordi , Cole-Dai Jihong , Schauer Andrew J. , Camp Madeline G. , Alexander Becky
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Sulfate is an important component of global atmospheric aerosol, and has partially compensated for greenhouse gas-induced warming during the industrial period. The magnitude of direct and indirect radiative forcing of aerosols since preindustrial times is a large uncertainty in climate models, which has been attributed largely to uncertainties in the preindustrial environment. Here, we report observations of the oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O) of sulfate aerosol collected in the remote marine boundary layer (MBL) in spring and summer in order to evaluate sulfate production mechanisms in pristine-like environments. Model-aided analysis of the observations suggests that 33–50 % of sulfate in the MBL is formed via oxidation by hypohalous acids (HOX  =  HOBr + HOCl), a production mechanism typically excluded in large-scale models due to uncertainties in the reaction rates, which are due mainly to uncertainties in reactive halogen concentrations. Based on the estimated fraction of sulfate formed via HOX oxidation, we further estimate that daily-averaged HOX mixing ratios on the order of 0.01–0.1 parts per trillion (ppt  =  pmol/mol) in the remote MBL during spring and summer are sufficient to explain the observations.
Trends in atmospheric ammonia at urban, rural, and remote sites across North
America
Authors: Yao Xiaohong , Zhang Leiming
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Interannual variabilities in atmospheric ammonia (NH3) during the most recent 7–11 years were investigated at 14 sites across North America using the monitored data obtained from NAPS, CAPMoN and AMoN networks. The long-term average of atmospheric NH3 ranged from 0.8 to 2.6 ppb, depending on location, at four urban and two rural/agricultural sites in Canada. The annual average at these sites did not show any deceasing trend with largely decreasing anthropogenic NH3 emission. An increasing trend was actually identified from 2003 to 2014 at the downtown Toronto site using either the Mann–Kendall or the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method, but “no” or “stable” trends were identified at other sites. The ∼ 20 % increase during the 11-year period at the site was likely caused by changes in NH4+–NH3 partitioning and/or air–surface exchange process as a result of the decreased sulfur emission and increased ambient temperature. The long-term average from 2008 to 2015 was 1.6–4.9 ppb and 0.3–0.5 ppb at four rural/agricultural and at four remote US sites, respectively. A stable trend in NH3 mixing ratio was identified at one rural/agricultural site while increasing trends were identified at three rural/agricultural (0.6–2.6 ppb, 20–50 % increase from 2008 to 2015) and four remote sites (0.3–0.5 ppb, 100–200 % increase from 2008 to 2015). Increased ambient temperature was identified to be a cause for the increasing trends in NH3 mixing ratio at four out of the seven US sites, but what caused the increasing trends at other US sites needs further investigation.
Sources and formation mechanisms of carbonaceous aerosol at a regional background site in the Netherlands: Insights from a year-long radiocarbon study
Authors: Dusek Ulrike , Hitzenberger Regina , Kasper-Giebl Anne , Kistler Magdalena , Meijer Harro A. J. , Szidat Sönke , Wacker Lukas , Holzinger Rupert , Röckmann Thomas
Published: September 2016

Abstract. We measured the radioactive carbon isotope 14C (radiocarbon) in various fractions of the carbonaceous aerosol sampled between February 2011 and March 2012 at the Cesar observatory in the Netherlands. Based on the radiocarbon content in total carbon (TC), organic carbon (OC), water insoluble organic carbon (WIOC), and elemental carbon (EC), we estimated the contribution of major sources to the carbonaceous aerosol. The main source categories were fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and other contemporary carbon, which is mainly biogenic secondary organic aerosol material (SOA). A clear seasonal variation is seen in EC from biomass burning (ECBB), with lowest values in summer and highest values in winter, but ECBB is a minor fraction of EC in all seasons. WIOC from contemporary sources is highly correlated with ECBB, indicating that biomass burning is the dominant source of contemporary WIOC. This suggests that most biogenic SOA is water-soluble and that water insoluble carbon stems mainly from primary sources. Seasonal variations in other carbon fractions are less clear and hardly distinguishable from variations related to air mass history. Air masses originating from the ocean sector presumably contain little carbonaceous aerosol from outside the Netherlands, and during these conditions measured carbon concentrations reflect regional sources. In these situations absolute TC concentrations are usually rather low, around 1.5 μg m−3 and ECBB is always very low (~ 0.05 μg m−3), even in winter, indicating that biomass burning is not a strong source of carbonaceous aerosol in the Netherlands. In continental air masses, which usually arrive from the East or South and have spent several days over land, TC concentrations are on average by a factor of 3 higher. ECBB increases more strongly than TC to 0.2 μg m−3. Fossil EC and fossil WIOC, which are indicative of primary emissions, show a more moderate increase by a factor of 2.5 on average. An interesting case is fossil water soluble organic carbon (WSOC, calculated as OC-WIOC), which can be regarded as a proxy for SOA from fossil precursors. Fossil WSOC has low concentrations when regional sources are sampled and increases by more than a factor of 5 in continental air masses. A longer residence time of air masses over land seems to result in increased SOA concentrations from fossil origin.
Consistency of dimensional distributions and refractive indices of
desert dust measured over Lampedusa with IASI radiances
Authors: Liuzzi Giuliano , Masiello Guido , Serio Carmine , Meloni Daniela , Di Biagio Claudia , Formenti Paola
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In the context of the ChArMEx campaign, we present here some results concerning the quantitative comparison between simulated and observed radiances during a dust event occurred between June and July 2013 in the southern Mediterranean basin, involving the airmass above Lampedusa island. In particular, comparisons have been performed between radiances as observed by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounder Interferometer (IASI) and those simulated using the σ-IASI-as radiative transfer model, which takes into account aerosol extinction effect through a set of fast parameterizations. Simulations have been carried on with different sets of input complex refractive indices, which take into account the parent soils of the aerosols, and using the high-quality characterization of desert dust aerosol microphysical properties, achieved through direct measurements in the ChArMEx experiment; on the one hand, this comparison has offered the possibility to test the feasibility of the radiative transfer model. On the other hand, this work goes through a direct validation of different refractive indices sets for desert dust in the thermal infrared. Results show a good consistency between calculations and observations, especially in the spectral interval 800–1000 cm−1; moreover, the comparison between calculations and observations suggests that further efforts are needed to better characterize desert dust optical properties in the short wave (above 2000 cm−1). In any case, we show that it is necessary to properly tune the refractive indices according to the geographical origin of the observed aerosol.
Measurement of isoprene nitrates by GCMS
Authors: Mills Graham P. , Hiatt-Gipson Glyn  D. , Bew Sean P. , Reeves Claire E.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. According to atmospheric chemistry models, isoprene nitrates play an important role in determining the ozone production efficiency of isoprene; however this is very poorly constrained through observations as isoprene nitrates have not been widely measured. Measurements have been severely restricted largely due to a limited ability to measure individual isoprene nitrate isomers. An instrument based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GCMS) and the associated calibration methods are described for the speciated measurements of individual isoprene nitrate isomers. Five of the primary isoprene nitrates which formed in the presence of NOx by reaction of isoprene with the hydroxyl radical (OH) in the Master Chemical Mechanism are identified using known isomers on two column phases and are fully separated on the Rtx-200 column. Three primary isoprene nitrates from the reaction of isoprene with the nitrate radical (NO3) are identified after synthesis from the already identified analogous hydroxy nitrate. A Tenax adsorbent-based trapping system allows the analysis of the majority of the known hydroxy and carbonyl primary isoprene nitrates, although not the (1,2)-IN isomer, under field-like levels of humidity and showed no impact from typical ambient concentrations of NOx and ozone.