bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increasing the broad-leaved tree fraction in European forests mitigates hot temperature extremes
Authors: Schwaab Jonas , Davin Edouard L. , Bebi Peter , Duguay-Tetzlaff Anke , Waser Lars T. , Haeni Matthias , Meier Ronny
Published: August 2020

Forests influence climate through a myriad of chemical, physical and biological processes and are an essential lever in the efforts to counter climate change. The majority of studies investigating potential climate benefits from forests have focused on forest area changes, while changes to forest management, in particular those affecting species composition, have received much less attention. Using a statistical model based on remote sensing observations over Europe, we show that broad-leaved tree species locally reduce land surface temperatures in summer compared to needle-leaved species. The summer mean cooling effect related to an increase in broad-leaved tree fraction of 80% is relatively modest (~ 0.3–0.75 K), but is amplified during exceptionally warm periods. The reduction of daily maximum temperatures during the hottest days reaches up to 1.8 K in the Atlantic region and up to 1.5 K in Continental and Mediterranean regions. Hot temperature extremes adversely affect humans and ecosystems and are expected to become more frequent in a future climate. Thus, forest management strategies aiming to increase the fraction of broad-leaved species could help to reduce some of the adverse local impacts caused by hot temperature extremes. However, the overall benefits and trade-offs related to an increase in the broad-leaved tree fraction in European forests needs to be further investigated and assessed carefully when adapting forest management strategies.
Electrical activity at the AlN/Si Interface: identifying the main origin of propagation losses in GaN-on-Si devices at microwave frequencies
Authors: Bah Micka , Valente Damien , Lesecq Marie , Defrance Nicolas , Garcia Barros Maxime , De Jaeger Jean-Claude , Frayssinet Eric , Comyn Rémi , Ngo Thi Huong , Alquier Daniel , Cordier Yvon
Published: August 2020

AlN nucleation layers are the basement of GaN-on-Si structures grown for light-emitting diodes, high frequency telecommunication and power switching systems. In this context, our work aims to understand the origin of propagation losses in GaN-on-Si High Electron Mobility Transistors at microwaves frequencies, which are critical for efficient devices and circuits. AlN/Si structures are grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy. Acceptor dopant in-diffusion (Al and Ga) into the Si substrate is studied by Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy and is mainly located in the first 200 nm beneath the interface. In this region, an acceptor concentration of a few 1018 cm-3 is estimated from Capacitance–Voltage (C–V) measurements while the volume hole concentration of several 1017 cm-3 is deduced from sheet resistance. Furthermore, the combination of scanning capacitance microscopy and scanning spreading resistance microscopy enables the 2D profiling of both the p-type conductive channel and the space charge region beneath the AlN/Si interface. We demonstrate that samples grown at lower temperature exhibit a p-doped conductive channel over a shallower depth which explains lower propagation losses in comparison with those synthesized at higher temperature. Our work highlights that this p-type channel can increase the propagation losses in the high-frequency devices but also that a memory effect associated with the previous sample growths with GaN can noticeably affect the physical properties in absence of proper reactor preparation. Hence, monitoring the acceptor dopant in-diffusion beneath the AlN/Si interface is crucial for achieving efficient GaN-on-Si microwave power devices.
Sensory satellite glial Gq-GPCR activation alleviates inflammatory pain via peripheral adenosine 1 receptor activation
Authors: Xie Alison Xiaoqiao , Madayag Aric , Minton Suzanne K. , McCarthy Ken D. , Malykhina Anna P.
Published: August 2020

Glial fibrillary acidic protein expressing (GFAP+) glia modulate nociceptive neuronal activity in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). Resident GFAP+ glia in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) known as satellite glial cells (SGCs) potentiate neuronal activity by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuroactive compounds. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SGC Gq-coupled receptor (Gq-GPCR) signaling modulates pain sensitivity in vivo using Gfap-hM3Dq mice. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was used to induce inflammatory pain, and mechanical sensitivity and thermal sensitivity were used to assess the neuromodulatory effect of glial Gq-GPCR activation in awake mice. Pharmacogenetic activation of Gq-GPCR signaling in sensory SGCs decreased heat-induced nociceptive responses and reversed inflammation-induced mechanical allodynia via peripheral adenosine A1 receptor activation. These data reveal a previously unexplored role of sensory SGCs in decreasing afferent excitability. The identified molecular mechanism underlying the analgesic role of SGCs offers new approaches for reversing peripheral nociceptive sensitization.
Impairment of spatial memory accuracy improved by Cbr1 copy number resumption and GABAB receptor-dependent enhancement of synaptic inhibition in Down syndrome model mice
Authors: Arima-Yoshida Fumiko , Raveau Matthieu , Shimohata Atsushi , Amano Kenji , Fukushima Akihiro , Watanave Masashi , Kobayashi Shizuka , Hattori Satoko , Usui Masaya , Sago Haruhiko , Mataga Nobuko , Miyakawa Tsuyoshi , Yamakawa Kazuhiro , Manabe Toshiya
Published: August 2020

Down syndrome is a complex genetic disorder caused by the presence of three copies of the chromosome 21 in humans. The most common models, carrying extra-copies of overlapping fragments of mouse chromosome 16 that is syntenic to human chromosome 21, are Ts2Cje, Ts1Cje and Ts1Rhr mice. In electrophysiological analyses using hippocampal slices, we found that the later phase of the depolarization during tetanic stimulation, which was regulated by GABAB receptors, was significantly smaller in Ts1Cje and Ts2Cje mice than that in WT controls but not in Ts1Rhr mice. Furthermore, isolated GABAB receptor-mediated inhibitory synaptic responses were larger in Ts1Cje mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report that directly shows the enhancement of GABAB receptor-mediated synaptic currents in Ts1Cje mice. These results suggest that GABAB receptor-mediated synaptic inhibition was enhanced in Ts1Cje and Ts2Cje mice but not in Ts1Rhr mice. The Cbr1 gene, which is present in three copies in Ts1Cje and Ts2Cje but not in Ts1Rhr, encodes carbonyl reductase that may facilitate GABAB-receptor activity through a reduction of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Interestingly, we found that a reduction of PGE2 and an memory impairment in Ts1Cje mice were alleviated when only Cbr1 was set back to two copies (Ts1Cje;Cbr1+/+/−). However, the GABAB receptor-dependent enhancement of synaptic inhibition in Ts1Cje was unaltered in Ts1Cje;Cbr1+/+/− mice. These results indicate that Cbr1 is one of the genes responsible for DS cognitive impairments and the gene(s) other than Cbr1, which is included in Ts1Cje but not in Ts1Rhr, is responsible for the GABAB receptor-dependent over-inhibition.
Mito-oncology agent: fermented extract suppresses the Warburg effect, restores oxidative mitochondrial activity, and inhibits in vivo tumor growth
Authors: Bencze Gyula , Bencze Szilvia , Rivera Keith D. , Watson James D. , Hidvegi Mate , Orfi Laszlo , Tonks Nicholas K. , Pappin Darryl J.
Published: August 2020

Mitochondrial dysfunction and significant changes in metabolic pathways accompany cancer development and are responsible for maintaining the tumor microenvironment. Normal mitochondria can trigger intrinsic apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c into the cytosol. The survival of malignant cells highly depends on the suppression of this function. We validated that A250, a highly purified fraction of fermented wheat germ extract (FWGE), increases the carbon flux into the mitochondria, the expression of key elements of the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The increased respiratory chain activity is related to the mitochondria’s ability to release cytochrome c into the cytosol, which triggers the apoptotic cascade. The 68% tumor growth inhibitory effect observed in the murine melanoma study is related to this effect, as proteomic analysis validated similar changes in mitochondrial protein levels in the isolated tumor tissue samples. Blood count data indicated that this effect was not accompanied by general toxicity. This study is significant, as it shows that a highly concentrated form of FWGE is an effective agent that increases normal mitochondrial functionality. The lack of hepatotoxic and general toxic effects makes A250 an excellent candidate targeting mitochondria function in cancer therapy.
Long-term effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention on the prevention of type 2 diabetes in a middle-income country
Authors: Lotfaliany Mojtaba , Mansournia Mohamad Ali , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad , Zafari Neda , Ghanbarian Arash , Mirmiran Parvin , Oldenburg Brian , Khalili Davood
Published: August 2020

This study aims to assess the effects of a community-based lifestyle intervention program on the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). For this purpose, three communities in Tehran were chosen; one community received a face-to-face educational session embedded in a long-term community-wide lifestyle intervention aimed at supporting lifestyle changes. We followed up 9,204 participants (control: 5,739, intervention: 3,465) triennially from 1999 to 2015 (Waves 1–5). After a median follow-up of 3.5 years (wave 2), the risk of T2D was 30% lower in the intervention community as compared with two control communities by (Hazard-ratio: 0.70 [95% CI 0.53; 0.91]); however, the difference was not statistically significant in the following waves. After a median follow-up of 11.9 years (wave 5), there was a non-significant 6% reduction in the incidence of T2D in the intervention group as compared to the control group (Hazard-ratio: 0.94 [0.81, 1.08]). Moreover, after 11.9 years of follow-up, the intervention significantly improved the diet quality measured by the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension concordance (DASH) score. Mean difference in DASH score in the intervention group versus control group was 0.2 [95% CI 0.1; 0.3]. In conclusion, the intervention prevented T2D by 30% in the short-term (3.5 years) but not long-term; however, effects on improvement of the diet maintained in the long-term.

Registration: This study is registered at IRCT, a WHO primary registry (https://irct.ir). The registration date 39 is 2008-10-29 and the IRCT registration number is IRCT138705301058N1.
From waste to health: sustainable exploitation of grape pomace seed extract to manufacture antioxidant, regenerative and prebiotic nanovesicles within circular economy
Authors: Manca Maria Letizia , Casula Eleonora , Marongiu Francesca , Bacchetta Gianluigi , Sarais Giorgia , Zaru Marco , Escribano-Ferrer Elvira , Peris José Esteban , Usach Iris , Fais Sara , Scano Alessandra , Orrù Germano , Maroun Richard G. , Fadda Anna Maria , Manconi Maria
Published: August 2020

Pomace seed extract loaded vesicles were prepared as promising technological and green solution to exploit agri-food wastes and by-products, and develop high value-added products for human health. An antioxidant extract rich in bioactive compounds (epicatechins, catechin, gallic acid, quercetin and procynidins) was obtained from the seeds isolated from the pomace of Cannonau red grape cultivar. The extract was incorporated into phospholipid vesicles ad hoc formulated for intestinal delivery, by combining them, for the first time, whit a maltodextrin (Glucidex). Glucidex-transfersomes, glucidex-hyalurosomes and glucidex-hyalutransferomes were prepared, characterized and tested. Glucidex-liposomes were used as reference. All vesicles were small in size (~ 150 nm), homogeneously dispersed and negatively charged. Glucidex-transfersomes and especially glucidex-hyalutransfersomes disclosed an unexpected resistance to acidic pH and high ionic strength, as they maintained their physico-chemical properties (size and size distribution) after dilution at pH 1.2 simulating the harsh gastric conditions. Vesicles were highly biocompatible and able to counteract the oxidative damages induced in Caco-2 cells by using hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, they promoted the formation ofLactobacillus reuteribiofilm acting as prebiotic formulation. Overall results suggest the potential of glucidex-hyalutransfersomes as food supplements for the treatment of intestinal disorders.
Plasma cell-free DNA methylation marks for episodic memory impairment: a pilot twin study
Authors: Konki M. , Lindgren N. , Kyläniemi M. , Venho R. , Laajala E. , Ghimire B. , Lahesmaa R. , Kaprio J. , Rinne J. O. , Lund R. J.
Published: August 2020

Decline in episodic memory performance usually causes the first clinical symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. At present, Alzheimer’s disease can only be diagnosed at a very late stage when neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment is already irreversible. New early disease markers are needed for earlier and more efficient Alzheimer’s disease intervention. To identify early disease markers, we implemented a genome-wide bisulphite sequencing method for the analysis of plasma cell-free DNA methylation profiles and compared differences associated with episodic memory performance in Finnish twin pairs. A noticeable amount of cell-free DNA was present in plasma, however, the amounts as well as the genomic coverage of these fragments varied substantially between individuals. We found no significant markers associated with episodic memory performance in the twins’ plasma cell-free DNA methylation profiles. Furthermore, our results indicate that due to the low genomic coverage of cell-free DNA fragments and the variety in these fragments between individuals, the implemented genome-wide bisulphite sequencing method is not optimal for comparing cell-free DNA methylation differences between large groups of individuals.
Author Correction: Force-exerting perpendicular lateral protrusions in fibroblastic cell contraction
Authors: Padhi Abinash , Singh Karanpreet , Franco-Barraza Janusz , Marston Daniel J. , Cukierman Edna , Hahn Klaus M. , Kapania Rakesh K. , Nain Amrinder S.
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Sustained release of inhibitor from bionic scaffolds for wound healing and functional regeneration
Authors: Yuan Jifang , Hou Qian , Zhong Lingzhi , Dai Xin , Lu Qiang , Li Meirong , Fu Xiaobing
Published: August 2020

Inhibitor released slowly from silk-chitosan bionic scaffolds, resulting in the accelerated wound healing and hair follicle regeneration.
Facile hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde to cinnamyl ether by employing a highly re-usable “dip-catalyst” containing Pt nanoparticles on a green support
Authors: Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman , Aziz Md. Abdul , Yamani Zain H.
Published: August 2020

We report the fabrication of a ‘dip-catalyst’ based on Pt nanoparticles on jute stalks as a green support and its catalytic application in cinnamyl alkyl ether synthesis.
Inorganic clusters as metalloligands: ligand effects on the synthesis and properties of ternary nanopropeller clusters
Authors: Kephart Jonathan A. , Boggiano Andrew C. , Kaminsky Werner , Velian Alexandra
Published: August 2020

Subtle stereoelectronic changes of the surface capping ligands have long-ranging consequences in the synthesis and chemistry of ternary transition metal selenide clusters.
Crystal structure, luminescence properties and application performance of color tuning Y2Mg2Al2Si2O12:Ce3+,Mn2+ phosphors for warm white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang Xiangting , Zhang Dan , Kan Dongxiao , Wu Tong , Song Yanhua , Zheng Keyan , Sheng Ye , Shi Zhan , Zou Haifeng
Published: August 2020

The CCT of phosphor-converted WLEDs achieved effective optimization by a co-doping and energy transfer strategy applied to the phosphors.
Hit-to-lead optimization of a benzene sulfonamide series for potential antileishmanial agents
Authors: Koovits Paul J. , Dessoy Marco A. , Matheeussen An , Maes Louis , Caljon Guy , Ferreira Leonardo L. G. , Chelucci Rafael C. , Michelan-Duarte Simone , Andricopulo Adriano D. , Campbell Simon , Kratz Jadel M. , Mowbray Charles E. , Dias Luiz C.
Published: August 2020

A series of benzene sulphonamides with good potency and selectivity against Leishmania spp. intracellular amastigotes was identified by high-throughput screening.
Charge transfer excitons in a donor–acceptor amphidynamic crystal: the role of dipole orientational order
Authors: Macdonald Joshua W. R. , Piana Giacomo , Comin Massimiliano , von Hauff Elizabeth , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Bowen Chris , Lagoudakis Pavlos , D'Avino Gabriele , Da Como Enrico
Published: August 2020

Large amplitude motions in molecular solids are responsible for anomalous electrical characteristics in amphidynamic crystals. Here we explore the implications for charge transfer excitons photophysics.
Chemoselective acid-catalyzed [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions of ortho-quinone methides and styrenes/stilbenes/cinnamates
Authors: Akkarasereenon Kornkamon , Tangdenpaisal Kassrin , Ruchirawat Somsak , Ploypradith Poonsakdi
Published: August 2020

Chemoselective [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions between o-QMs and different olefins—styrenes, stilbenes, and cinnamates—yielded distinct cycloadducts in moderate to good yields.
Biomass-derived nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon microtubes for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Song Luting , Chang Jinquan , Ma Yanhong , Jiang Wenyu , Xu Yuanqing , Liang Cheng , Chen Zhexue , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2020

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon microtubes (N,S-CMTs) demonstrate satisfactory electrocatalytic performances compared with commercial 20% Pt/C.
Hollow multishelled structural NiO as a “shelter” for high-performance Li–S batteries
Authors: Zhu Yujing , Wang Jiangyan , Xie Chuan , Yang Mei , Zheng Zijian , Yu Ranbo
Published: August 2020

The physical and chemical confinement of polysulfides are realized with interlayers combining non-polar acetylene black and polar NiO HoMSs, resulting in a high sulfur utilization, high specific capacity and good cycling stability for Li–S batteries.
The effects of rubber nanoparticles with different polarities on thermal properties and foaming performance of polypropylene blends
Authors: Tian Bo , Li Zhigang , Li Jinfeng , Yao Gang , Dong Wei , Liu Yuguang , Di Mingwei
Published: August 2020

Polypropylene blends with both polybutadiene rubber and polycarboxylbuturonile rubber and the required amount of acrylamide was prepared by blending with water, improve the foaming and thermal properties of polypropylene.
Synthetically important ring opening reactions by alkoxybenzenes and alkoxynaphthalenes
Authors: Talukdar Ranadeep
Published: August 2020

This concise review reports the ring opening functionalizations of small sized molecular rings with alkoxybenzenes/alkoxynaphthalenes in Friedel–Crafts fashion.
Effects of high pressure processing (HPP) on microorganisms and the quality of mango smoothies during storage
Authors: Bi Xiufang , Zhou Zhongyu , Qin Tingting , Wang Xiaoqiong , Ma Yuan , Xing Yage , Che Zhenming
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of high pressure processing (HPP) on the quality of mango smoothies and the inactivation of microorganisms therein, with heat treatments used as the control.
Room-temperature crystallography using a microfluidic protein crystal array device and its application to protein–ligand complex structure analysis
Authors: Maeki Masatoshi , Ito Sho , Takeda Reo , Ueno Go , Ishida Akihiko , Tani Hirofumi , Yamamoto Masaki , Tokeshi Manabu
Published: August 2020

Room temperature protein crystallography and its application to protein–ligand complex structure analysis was demonstrated using a microfluidic protein crystal array device.
Chemical and photoelectrochemical instability of amorphous TiO2 layers quantified by spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Kriegel H. , Kollmann J. , Raudsepp R. , Klassen T. , Schieda M.
Published: August 2020

The degradation of TiO2 coatings is quantified, considering pH, temperature, illumination and operating times relevant to practical photoelectrochemical devices.
High catalytic efficiency from Er3+-doped CeO2−xnanoprobes forin vivoacute oxidative damage and inflammation therapy
Authors: Li Yongmei , Li Yuemei , Bai Yandong , Lin Laixiang , Sun Yina
Published: August 2020

Er/Ce2O3NPs were applied to the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by acute oxidative damage.
Advances in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters
Authors: El-Sayed Nesma , Schneider Marc
Published: August 2020

The review provides an overview on protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters which offer intriguing applications for the use as theranostics, as diagnostics and as biosensors.
Synthesis of raspberry-like nanogapped Fe3O4@Au nanocomposites for SERS-based lateral flow detection of multiple tumor biomarkers
Authors: Shen Wanzhu , Wang Chongwen , Yang Xingsheng , Wang Chaoguang , Zhou Zihui , Liu Xiaoxian , Xiao Rui , Gu Bing , Wang Shengqi
Published: August 2020

A novel magnetic SERS-LFA system with raspberry-like Fe3O4@Au MNPs as nanogapped SERS tags was proposed for the quantitative and ultra-sensitive detection of multiple tumor biomarkers in biological samples.
Quasi-2D perovskite emitters: a boon for efficient blue light-emitting diodes
Authors: Kumar Gundam Sandeep , Sumukam Ranadeep Raj , Murali Banavoth
Published: August 2020

A deeper understanding of the quasi-2D perovskites crystal growth mechanism, orientation, phase purity, blocking halide ion migration and phase segregation can possibly open up a new paradigm for the development of high-performance blue PeLEDs.
Dust and star formation in the centre of NGC 3311
Authors: Richtler T. , Hilker M. , Arnaboldi M. , Barbosa C. E.
Published: August 2020

Context. NGC 3311 is the central galaxy of the Hydra I galaxy cluster. It has a hot interstellar medium and hosts a central dust lane with emission lines. These dust lanes are frequent in elliptical galaxies, but the case of NGC 3311 might be particularly interesting for problems of dust lifetime and the role of cool gas in the central parts.

Aims. We aim to use archival HST images and MUSE data to investigate the central dust structure of NGC 3311.

Methods. We used the tool PyParadise to model the stellar population and extract the emission lines.

Results. The HST/ACS colour map reveals the known dust structures, but also blue spots, which are places of strong line emission. A dusty “mini-jet” emanates from the centre. The distribution of the emission line gas matches the dust silhouette almost exactly. Close to the brightest Hα emission, the ratio [NII]/Hα resembles that of HII-regions; in the outer parts, [NII] gets stronger and is similar to LINERLow-ionization nuclear emission-line region -like spectra. The gas kinematics is consistent with that of a rotating disc. The Doppler shifts of the strongest line emissions, which indicate the areas of highest star formation activity, smoothly fit into the disc symmetry. The metallicity is supersolar. The presence of neutral gas is indicated by the fit residuals of the stellar NaI D absorption line, which we interpret as interstellar absorption. We estimate the mass of the neutral gas to be of the order of the X-ray mass. The dynamical mass infers a stellar population of intermediate age, whose globular clusters have already been identified.

Conclusions. Our findings can be harmonised in a scenario in which the star formation is triggered by the accretion of cold gas onto a pre-existing gas/dust disc or ring. Newly produced dust then contributes to the longevity of the dust.
Chandra reveals a luminous Compton-thick QSO powering a Lyα blob in a z = 4 starbursting protocluster
Authors: Vito F. , Brandt W. N. , Lehmer B. D. , Vignali C. , Zou F. , Bauer F. E. , Bremer M. , Gilli R. , Ivison R. J. , Spingola C.
Published: August 2020

Context. Galaxy clusters in the local universe descend from high-redshift overdense regions known as protoclusters. The large gas reservoirs and high rate of galaxy interaction in protoclusters are expected to enhance star-formation activity and trigger luminous supermassive black-hole accretion in the nuclear regions of the host galaxies.

Aims. We investigated the active galactic nucleus (AGN) content of a gas-rich and starbursting protocluster at z = 4.002, known as the Distant Red Core (DRC). In particular, we search for luminous and possibly obscured AGN in 13 identified members of the structure, and compare the results with protoclusters at lower redshifts. We also test whether a hidden AGN can power the Lyα blob (LAB) detected with VLT/MUSE in the DRC.

Methods. We observed all of the identified members of the structure with 139 ks of Chandra ACIS-S imaging. Being less affected by absorption than optical and IR bands, even in the presence of large column densities of obscuring material, X-ray observations are the best tools to detect ongoing nuclear activity in the DRC galaxies.

Results. We detect obscured X-ray emission from the two most gas-rich members of the DRC, named DRC-1 and DRC-2. Both of them are resolved into multiple interacting clumps in high-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter Array and Hubble Space Telescope observations. In particular, DRC-2 is found to host a luminous (L2−10 keV ≈ 3 × 1045 erg s−1 ) Compton-thick (NH ≳ 1024 cm−2) quasar (QSO) candidate, comparable to the most luminous QSOs known at all cosmic times. The AGN fraction among DRC members is consistent with results found for lower redshift protoclusters. However, X-ray stacking analysis reveals that supermassive black hole (SMBH) accretion is likely also taking place in other DRC galaxies that are not detected individually by Chandra.

Conclusions. The luminous AGN detected in the most gas-rich galaxies in the DRC and the widespread SMBH accretion in the other members, which is suggested by stacking analysis, point toward the presence of a strong link between large gas reservoirs, galaxy interactions, and luminous and obscured nuclear activity in protocluster members. The powerful and obscured QSO detected in DRC-2 is likely powering the nearby LAB detected with VLT/MUSE, possibly through photoionization; however, we propose that the diffuse Lyα emission may be due to gas shocked by a massive outflow launched by DRC-2 over a ≈10 kpc scale.
Physiological differences between wild and cultured bivalves in Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: Montagnac Valentin , Guyondet Thomas , Comeau Luc , Tremblay Réjean
Published: August 2020

Bivalve culture in Canada increased by 25% from 2000 to 2016. In Prince Edward Island (PEI), bivalves are cultivated in bays and estuaries and there is limited space for further aquaculture expansion. Thus, there is merit in developing a numerical model determining the abundance of bivalve populations in relation to their food availability in order to assess the carrying capacity of shellfish growing areas. This modelling will take into account the different bivalve species present in the bay, as the cultivated Mytilus edulis and Crassostrea virginica and wild, M. edulis, C. virginica, Mya arenaria and Mercenaria mercenaria. As a first step toward a modelling goal, this study compared the physiological differences of the 6 bivalve groups. Three physiological parameters were measured: clearance rate, oxygen consumption and assimilation to determine the energy budget or scope for growth (SFG). These measurements were carried out on individuals contained in metabolic chamber at summer and autumn temperatures (20 and 8 °C, respectively). Our results show that M. edulis is best adapted to these temperature in PEI as it maintains high SFG at both temperatures. For C. virginica and M. arenaria, high physiological parameters under summer conditions were observed, followed by a decrease in autumn. For M. mercenaria rates were low at both temperatures indicating a persistently low growth potential. These results demonstrate the adaptive physiological capacity of each species and provide insight into the underlying reasons some species such as C. virginica and M. mercenaria are at their northern distribution limit in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Finally, no differences in the SFG between cultivated and wild bivalves have been observed. These results are discussed within the context of estimating the impact of each bivalve group in bays environment from PEI and particularly on food availability.
Asymptotic analysis and topological derivative for 3D quasi-linear magnetostatics
Authors: Gangl Peter , Sturm Kevin
Published: August 2020

In this paper we study the asymptotic behaviour of the quasilinearcurl-curlequation of 3D magnetostatics with respect to a singular perturbation of the differential operator and prove the existence of the topological derivative using a Lagrangian approach. We follow the strategy proposed in Gangl and Sturm (ESAIM: COCV26(2020) 106) where a systematic and concise way for the derivation of topological derivatives for quasi-linear elliptic problems inH1is introduced. In order to prove the asymptotics for the state equation we make use of an appropriate Helmholtz decomposition. The evaluation of the topological derivative at any spatial point requires the solution of a nonlinear transmission problem. We discuss an efficient way for the numerical evaluation of the topological derivative in the whole design domain using precomputation in an offline stage. This allows us to use the topological derivative for the design optimization of an electrical machine.
The post-nuclear accident co-expertise experience of the Suetsugi community in Fukushima Prefecture
Authors: Lochard J. , Ando R. , Takagi H. , Endo S. , Momma M. , Miyazaki M. , Kuroda Y. , Kusumoto T. , Endo M. , Endo S. , Koyama Y.
Published: August 2020

The article presents the different stages of the co-expertise process, which took place in the community of Suetsugi located about 30 km South from the Fukushima nuclear power plant, to improve radiological protection and the living conditions of the residents. The originality of the process lies in the fact that it was initiated and led by residents of the community with the help of local leaders and volunteer experts. It was also followed regularly by some members of the ICRP. The first part of the article recalls the general characteristics of the co-expertise process for post-nuclear accident management. The second part presents the different stages of the process that took place in the community of Suetsugi. The third part draws some lessons from the experience, which has significantly contributed to enriching the formalisation of the co-expertise process in particular with regard to the recovery of social trust and the role and attitude of experts during the recovery phase after a nuclear accident.
Bile Duct Injury—Classification and Prevention
Authors: Nasa Mukesh , Sharma Zubin Dev , Gupta Mahesh , Puri Rajesh
Published: August 2020

Iatrogenic bile duct injuries (BDI) are commonly encountered after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Timely recognition of these injuries is important as the outcome depends on the optimal management and there is significant impact on the patient’s quality of life. Therapeutic management is guided by the type and extent of the bile duct injury and availability of expertise, and includes involvement of endoscopic, surgical, and radiological approaches.
Birth influences future: examining discrimination against Chinese deputy mayors with grassroots administration origins
Authors: Wang Ying , Hua Lei
Published: August 2020

There is no systematic empirical study to address the unfair political treatment of Chinese officials with grassroots beginnings. This research addresses this gap by conducting theoretical and empirical studies. Drawing on a new biographical database of Chinese deputy mayors of municipal cities, this paper conducts competing risk regression and classical logistic regression modeling to examine the role of career starting level in deputy mayors’ political careers. The empirical analysis provides solid results and demonstrates that the higher the career starting level, the greater the probability of getting promoted and the lower the risk of political downfall, which indicated that deputy mayors who started their careers in grassroots-level governments were associated with the lowest probabilities of promotion and highest risks of falling. The unfair political treatment is the tragedy of grassroots cadres and does not match the importance of grassroots work, which leads to great discontent and may threaten the sustainability of Communist Party rule in the future.
Transistor-esque operation permits high performance of UV photodetector
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: August 2020

GaN-based heterostructures make a photodetector that is super sensitive to ultraviolet light but able to ignore visible light.
Navigating the Hilbert space of nonseparable elastic states in arrays of periodically coupled one-dimensional waveguides
Authors: Deymier P. A. , Hasan M. A. , Runge K.
Published: August 2020

A planar array of three one-dimensional elastic waveguides mutually coupled periodically along their length and driven externally is shown theoretically and numerically to support nonseparable superpositions of states. These states are the product of Bloch waves describing the elastic displacement along the waveguides and spatial modes representing the displacement across the array of waveguides. For a system composed of finite length waveguides, the frequency, relative amplitude, and phase of the external drivers can be employed to selectively excite specific groups of discrete product modes. The periodicity of the coupling is used to fold bands enabling superpositions of states that span the complete Hilbert space of product states. We show that we can realize a transformation from one type of nonseparable superposition to another one that is analogous to a nontrivial quantum gate. This transformation is also interpreted as the complex conjugation operator in the space of the complex amplitudes of individual waveguides.
Application of genetic fuzzy immune PID algorithm in cruise control for commercial vehicles
Authors: Jing Zhecheng
Published: August 2020

Cruise control when driving downhill is one of the most important functions of commercial vehicles equipped with an auxiliary brake system. A genetic fuzzy immune PID algorithm is proposed to achieve a constant speed in this study. An immune feedback algorithm is used to adjust the proportional coefficient, and the fuzzy algorithm is used to adjust the integral coefficient and the differential coefficient. At the same time, the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the immune parameters to overcome the problem of improper selection of immune parameters, which results in large system overshoot and slow response. Simulation and experiment were also carried out to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The results show that the vehicle can keep the speed within ±2 km/h around the target speed. The analyses of lateral kinetic energy and the β phase-plane of both a tractor and a semitrailer indicate that braking stability is good when switching the retarder gear, which means the algorithm has a significant effect.
“She’ll be right, mate!”: do Australians take their health for granted?
Authors: Harris Paul , Salehi Asiyeh , Kendall Elizabeth , Whitty Jennifer , Wilson Andrew , Scuffham Paul
Published: August 2020

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONHealth consciousness highlights the readiness of individuals to undertake health actions and take responsibility for their health and the health of others.
AIMTo examine the health consciousness of Australians and its association with health status, health-care utilisation and sociodemographic factors.
METHODSThis quantitative cross-sectional study was a part of a larger project aiming to engage the general public in health-care decision-making. Adults from Queensland and South Australia (n=1529) were recruited to participate by a panel company. The questionnaire included the Health Consciousness Scale (HCS), health status, health-care utilisation, sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables.
RESULTSThe health consciousness of Australians was relatively low (mean score=21), compared to other international administrations of the HCS, and further investigations revealed that more health-conscious people tended to live in South Australia, be female and single, experience poorer physical and mental health and were more frequent users of health-care services.
DISCUSSIONThe general approach to health in this sample of the Australian public may reflect ‘here and now’ concerns. It appears that an attitude of ‘she’ll be right, mate’ prevails until a change in an individual’s health status or their exposure to the health system demands otherwise. These findings need to be investigated further to see if they are confirmed by others and to clarify the implications for primary health programmes in Australia in redressing the public’s apparent apathy.
A method for creating a burn severity atlas: an example from Alberta, Canada
Authors: Whitman Ellen , Parisien Marc-André , Holsinger Lisa M. , Park Jane , Parks Sean A.
Published: August 2020

Wildland fires are globally widespread, constituting the primary forest disturbance in many ecosystems. Burn severity (fire-induced change to vegetation and soils) has short-term impacts on erosion and post-fire environments, and persistent effects on forest regeneration, making burn severity data important for managers and scientists. Analysts can create atlases of historical and recent burn severity, represented by changes in surface reflectance following fire, using satellite imagery and fire perimeters. Burn severity atlas production has been limited by diverse constraints outside the US. We demonstrate the development and validation of a burn severity atlas using the Google Earth Engine platform and image catalogue. We automated mapping of three burn severity metrics using mean compositing (averaging reflectance values) of pixels for all large (≥200ha) fires in Alberta, Canada. We share the resulting atlas and code. We compared burn severity datasets produced using mean compositing with data from paired images (one pre- and post-fire image). There was no meaningful difference in model correspondence to field data between the two approaches, but mean compositing saved time and increased the area mapped. This approach could be applied and tested worldwide, and is ideal for regions with small staffs and budgets, and areas with frequent cloud.
Land use and climate change impacts on global soil erosion by water (2015-2070)
Authors: Borrelli Pasquale , Robinson David A. , Panagos Panos , Lugato Emanuele , Yang Jae E. , Alewell Christine , Wuepper David , Montanarella Luca , Ballabio Cristiano
Published: August 2020

Significance

We use the latest projections of climate and land use change to assess potential global soil erosion rates by water to address policy questions; working toward the goals of the United Nations working groups under the Inter-Governmental Technical Panel on Soils of the Global Soil Partnership. This effort will enable policy makers to explore erosion extent, identify possible hotspots, and work with stakeholders to mitigate impacts. In addition, we provide insight into the potential mitigating effects attributable to conservation agriculture and the need for more effective policy instruments for soil protection. Scientifically, the modeling framework presented adopts a series of methodological advances and standardized data to communicate with adjacent disciplines and move toward robust, reproducible, and open data science.
Visual experience is not necessary for the development of face-selectivity in the lateral fusiform gyrus
Authors: Ratan Murty N. Apurva , Teng Santani , Beeler David , Mynick Anna , Oliva Aude , Kanwisher Nancy
Published: August 2020

Significance

Here we show robust face-selectivity in the lateral fusiform gyrus of congenitally blind participants during haptic exploration of 3D-printed stimuli, indicating that neither visual experience, nor fovea-biased input, nor visual expertise is necessary for face-selectivity to arise in its characteristic location. Similar resting fMRI correlation fingerprints in individual blind and sighted participants suggest a role for long-range connectivity in the specification of the cortical locus of face-selectivity.
RNA–protein interaction mapping via MS2- or Cas13-based APEX targeting
Authors: Han Shuo , Zhao Boxuan Simen , Myers Samuel A. , Carr Steven A. , He Chuan , Ting Alice Y.
Published: August 2020

Significance

The biogenesis, processing, function, and degradation of cellular RNAs depend critically on their protein interaction partners. Systematic analysis of the protein interactome of specific RNAs of interest inside living cells can therefore enable a better understanding of many biological processes. We developed two complementary methods for tagging endogenous proteins in the vicinity of specific cellular RNAs, for subsequent identification by mass spectrometry. When applied to the human telomerase RNA, our methods recovered known interaction partners as well as unexpected hits, including an enzyme that catalyzes RNA posttranscriptional modification to influence telomerase activity. The technology introduced by our study should facilitate future investigations into RNA–protein interactions in living cells.
Shape, size, and quantity of ingested external abrasives influence dental microwear texture formation in guinea pigs
Authors: Winkler Daniela E. , Tütken Thomas , Schulz-Kornas Ellen , Kaiser Thomas M. , Müller Jacqueline , Leichliter Jennifer , Weber Katrin , Hatt Jean-Michel , Clauss Marcus
Published: August 2020

Significance

Dental wear analyses are used for diet reconstruction in (paleo-)biology and (paleo-)anthropology. Whether microscopic traces (microwear) are primarily caused by internal (phytoliths) or external (mineral dust/grit) abrasives is still debated. We fed guinea pigs pelleted diets including mineral abrasives of different mineralogy, size, and amount to assess if resulting microwear differs from that caused by plant diets free of adhering abrasives. Sand-sized quartz and volcanic ash lead to extreme wear exceeding that caused even by phytolith-rich plants. Fine silt-sized quartz has a polishing effect, while clay-sized or larger silt-sized abrasives have no discernible effect. Thus, mineral dust ingestion is not unambiguously identifiable, whereas sand-sized grit causes characteristic microwear, allowing more detailed reconstruction of diet quality (mineral load) and environmental settings.
An empirical study of temporal variables and their correlations in spoken and sign language relay interpreting
Authors: Han Hyun-Hee , Yu Han-Nae
Published: August 2020

This study describes the temporal aspects of relay interpreting by a mixed team of spoken and sign language interpreters in order to identify the characteristics of spoken and sign language relay interpreting and to help spoken language interpreters better understand the difference between the two types. The study quantitatively analyzes five time variables (speaking time, word count, ear-voice-span (EVS), tail-to-tail span (TTS), and pause), and their correlations. The temporal aspects of spoken and relay interpretation in sign language are as follows: (1) sign language interpretation requires more words to transfer the same amount of information as spoken language interpretation; (2) sign language interpreters have a shorter EVS than spoken language interpreters; (3) the simultaneity of spoken and relay sign language interpretation is more affected by TTS than by EVS, because spoken language TTS has a high correlation with speech time and word count in sign language interpretation; 4) sign language interpreters actively use the pauses between sentences of spoken language interpreters for target language (TL) production; 5) sign language interpreters produce more words for a shorter period of time than spoken language interpreters.
Social perception of the variable realization of /tʃ/ in
Chile
Authors: Boomershine Amanda , Forgash Stephanie
Published: August 2020

This study uses the matched-guise technique to
measure the attitudes of forty-one Chilean participants towards the
variable realization of the affricate /tʃ/. The present study
analyzes three variants of the phoneme and their relationships with
various characteristics within society. Within the present study,
there is social stratification of the phoneme /tʃ/ in which the
variant [ʃ] is associated with a lower social stratum and the
variants [tʃ] and [ts] are associated with a higher social stratum.
Speakers who employ [ʃ] receive statistically lower ratings for all
of the characteristics, while speakers who employ [tʃ] and [ts]
receive statistically higher ratings in the matched-guise study.
Bad grammar
Authors: Lunn Patricia V.
Published: August 2020

Although linguists have made great strides in
revealing the internal logic of the Spanish language, as evidenced
by the chapters in this volume, the debate about whether, or how,
grammar is to be taught in Spanish classes has largely ignored the
content of grammar explanations themselves. I explore three
varieties of bad grammar: (1) failure to account for normal usage,
exemplified by conventional explanations of
ser/estar, (2) rules that could not possibly be
acquired by native speakers, exemplified by the “emotion” category
of subjunctive usage, and (3) failure to link usage with meaning,
exemplified by preterite/imperfect rules. In addition, I call for
linguists to contribute their expertise to the formulation of
pedagogical grammar and the linguistic training of future
teachers.
Reactions to second language speech
Authors: Isaacs Talia , Thomson Ron I.
Published: August 2020

This study investigates how Mandarin and Slavic language speakers’ comprehensibility, accentedness, and fluency ratings,
as assigned by experienced teacher-raters and novice raters, align with discrete linguistic measures, and raters’ accounts of influences on
their scoring. In addition to examining mean ratings in relation to rater experience and speaker first language background, we correlated
ratings with segmental, prosodic, and temporal measures. Introspective reports were segmented, coded, enumerated, and submitted to loglinear
analysis to elucidate influences on ratings. Results showed that ratings were strongly correlated with prosodic goodness and moderately
correlated with segmental errors, implying the importance of both segmentals and prosody in L2 speech ratings. Experienced teacher-raters
provided lengthier reports than novice raters, producing more comments for all coded categories where an error was identified except for
pausing (a dysfluency marker). This may be because novice raters observed little else about the speech or struggled to pinpoint or
articulate other features.
El influjo de Séneca en el estilo de escritura de Montaigne
Authors: Luque Amo Álvaro
Published: August 2020

This work presents a comparison between the writing styles of Lucius Annaeus Seneca and Michel de Montaigne. Montaigne is influenced by the writing style of the Moral Epistles, which will be a fundamental source for the development of his Essays. From Seneca, Montaigne carries out a poetics based on the honesty; this is related with a textual construction of the subject. Following Foucault, the development of the subject by this narrative style is analyzed. This explains the origin of a contemporary genre such as the Literature of the Self. In this line, one ends up analyzing the influence of senecan style, through Montaigne, in some of the most relevant authors of the autobiographical genres.