bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel efficient bioflocculant QZ-7 for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater
Authors: Abu Tawila Zayed M. M. , Ismail Salmah , Abu Amr Salem S. , Abou Elkhair Emad K.
Published: September 2019

In this study, a novel bioflocculant was produced usingBacillus salmalaya 139SI for industrial waste water treatment.
Dendrite formation in Li-metal anodes: an atomistic molecular dynamics study
Authors: Selis Luis A. , Seminario Jorge M.
Published: September 2019

Lithium dendrites (blue) growing through the cracks of a SEI (orange) covering a Li-metal anode (blue) while lithiation by Li-ions (purple). The electrolyte is not shown.
Nepenthes-inspired multifunctional nanoblades with mechanical bactericidal, self-cleaning and insect anti-adhesive characteristics
Authors: Xie Yuan , Li Jinyang , Bu Daqin , Xie Xuedong , He Xiaolong , Wang Li , Zhou Zuowan
Published: September 2019

Inspired by the slippery zone of Nepenthes, we fabricated a multifunctional blade like nanostructured surface with the same mechanical bactericidal, self-cleaning and insect anti-adhesive characteristics.
Plant oil and amino acid-derived elastomers with rapid room temperature self-healing ability
Authors: Guo Wenjin , Wang Xiaohan , Lu Xingyuan , Li Xiang , Li Yang , Sun Junqi
Published: September 2019

Elastomers with rapid room temperature self-healing ability are synthesized by using oleic acid, histidine, and metal salts as raw materials.
Formation of Co–Mn mixed oxide double-shelled hollow spheres as advanced electrodes for hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Guo Yan , Wu Chenhe , Li Nian-Wu , Yuan Shuai , Yu Le
Published: September 2019

Double-shelled hollow spheres of Co–Mn mixed oxide are fabricated through a template-engaged strategy at low temperature. For hybrid supercapacitors, this annealed battery-type electrode demonstrates high capacitance and long calendar life.
Multifaceted cell mimicry in coacervate-based synthetic cells
Authors: Mason Alexander F. , van Hest Jan C.M.
Published: September 2019

Cells, the discrete living systems that comprise all life on Earth, are a boundless source of inspiration and motivation for many researchers in the natural sciences. In the field of bottom-up synthetic cells, researchers seek to create multifaceted, self-assembled, chemical systems that mimic the properties and behaviours of natural life. In this perspective, we will describe the relatively recent application of complex coacervates to synthetic cells, and how they have been used to model an expanding range of biologically relevant phenomena. Furthermore, we will explore the unique advantages and disadvantages of coacervate-based synthetic cells, and their potential impact on the field in the years to come.
Forecasting the need for inclusion of the heating system with application of fuzzy logic methods
Authors: Bundikova Vera
Published: September 2019

Currently, when predicting the operating modes of heating systems, only temperature is taken into account. But other factors also influence human perceptions: wind speed, humidity, cloudiness, light. When calculating the heat loss of buildings, these factors are also taken into account, but not when determining the operating modes of heating systems. The article proposes to assess the need to turn on the heating system based on the value of a fuzzy function that simulates the concept of «perceived temperature».
Application of the multiagent approach to the research of integrated energy supply systems
Authors: Mayorov Gleb , Stennikov Valery , Barakhtenko Eugene
Published: September 2019

The current technological infrastructure in the electricity, heat, cold, and gas supply, as a rule, is formed and controlled separately by local systems and tasks. The traditionally considered energy systems unite large energy sources, such as hydroelectric power station, combined heat and power plants, boiler plants, and electric and pipeline networks distributed over a large area. New trends in the energy sector necessitate a revision of the principles of construction of energy systems and the creation of integrated energy supply systems. Combining separate different types of systems of different levels into a single integrated system with many coordinated elements can contribute to the implementation of new functionality, the use of more advanced technologies in operation and the active participation of consumers with distributed generation in the energy supply process. For the study of integrated energy supply systems it is proposed to use a multiagent approach, which is one of the promising areas of research for complex systems. This approach is used in many subject areas to study systems that include many elements with complex behavior. Such systems include integrated energy supply systems. The solution of the problem on the basis of the agent approach is developed by a multitude of interrelated agents.
Implementation of artificial intelligence in the electric power industry
Authors: Sozontov Andrey , Ivanova Maria , Gibadullin Arthur
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the possibility of the implementation of artificial intelligence, which will improve the efficiency of national economy, including the energy industry. The paper presents the principles of using neural networks and elements of artificial intelligence in the processes of production, transmission and consumption of electricity. It has been revealed that the use of artificial intelligence in the electric power industry will make it possible to minimize disruptions in power supply.
Russian Arctic region energy balance (Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))
Authors: Zakharov Vasiliy , Prokhorov Dmitry , Pavlov Nikita
Published: September 2019

The Arctic territories have a low population density due to the severity of the climate. Nevertheless, the indigenous people have been living in the Arctic for centuries. Ensuring their energy security is a complex technical task and at the same time is one of the significant costs of regional state budgets. The article analyzes the energy balance of the Arctic administrative regions of the largest region of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Potential optimization of energy balance while maintaining the existing technological platform.
A Comprehensive Approach to Reliability Optimization of Power Supply to Consumers in Power Interconnection with Weak Tie Lines
Authors: Fedotova Galina
Published: September 2019

A new approach is proposed to ensure the optimum level of power supply reliability of the consumers in a multi-zone power interconnection with limited transfer capabilities of tie lines between the zones at the annual planning of the energy systems operation in a market environment. It is based on a step-by-step solution two problems: of distribution of the total reserve of generating capacity in the power interconnection between the zones, taking into account network restrictions, within the zones – between the operational and maintenance components, optimal for the criterion of reliability and planning maintenance of generating equipment optimal for economic criterion. This approach makes it possible to use for reliability the main means available in the conditions of functioning of electric power systems (EPS) – reserves of generating capacity and planned maintenance of the main equipment. At the same time, reliability optimization is carried out taking into account the interests of different subjects of relations at the management of the power interconnection (System operator, generating companies and consumers).
Effect of distributed generation plants’ automatic controllers on power quality factors
Authors: Bulatov Yu.N. , Kryukov A.V. , Van Huan Nguyen
Published: September 2019

Currently, energy generation industry transition to a new technological platform based on smart electrical energy systems (EES) is underway, with EES equipped with active-adaptive mains. This platform involves a large-scale use of digital devices and significant electrical energy (EE) generation using distributed generation (DG) plants which are to be created by power consumers. These plants can operate as parts of existing grids, or be pooled in network clusters. To implement smart EES, the development of new approaches is required for production, distribution and EE consumption modes management. The article is dedicated to the issues of DG plants application to raise efficiency of non-traction consumers power supply systems. In this case, a special attention was paid to enhancing the electrical energy quality via application of the DG plant which is controlled by concordantly set generator automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and automatic speed governor (ASG). For optimization and harmonization of AVR and ASG settings a method of nonparametric identification of the ‘turbine-generator’ system was used which can be represented as complex activation functions of main channels and crosslinks of regulators and the generator. The study was carried out in Matlab environment on a created railroad power supply system model. The studies conducted helped to detect that application of DG plants with concordantly set AVR and ASG makes it possible to enhance power quality for non-traction consumers and ensure dynamic stability and resilience of railroad line power supply system.
Predicting the influence of the non-sinusoidal network mode on power transformers
Authors: Van Cuong Ngo , Kovernikova Lidiia I.
Published: September 2019

The parameters of electrical network modes often do not meet the requirements of Russian GOST 32144-2013 and the guidelines of Vietnam. In the actual operating conditions while there is the non-sinusoidal mode in electrical networks voltage and current harmonics are present. Harmonics result in overheating and damage of power transformers since they cause additional active power losses. Additional losses lead to the additional heat release, accelerating the process of insulating paper, transformer oil and magnetic structure deterioration consequently shortening the service life of a power transformer. In this regard there arises a need to develop certain scientific methods that would help demonstrate that low power quality, for instance could lead to a decrease in the electrical equipment service life. Currently we see a development of automated systems for continuous monitoring of power quality indices and mode parameters of electrical networks. These systems could be supplemented by characteristics calculating programs that give out a warning upon detection of the adverse influence of voltage and current harmonics on various electrical equipment of both electric power providers and electric power consumers. A software program presented in the article may be used to predict the influence of voltage and current harmonics on power transformers.
Efficiency Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Marchenko Oleg V. , Solomin Sergei V.
Published: September 2019

A review of the methods and models used at the ESI SB RAS to assess the effectiveness of renewable energy sources (RES) was carried out. Criteria were formulated and calculation formulas were given for a preliminary assessment of the competitiveness of renewable energy sources as compared to alternative energy supply options. A mathematical model of the world energy system was considered, where renewable energy sources were described by averaged indicators. The model allows for different scenarios of external conditions to explore the prospects for the development of energy technologies, including renewable energy sources. For the analysis of autonomous energy systems with RES, a simulation model was developed so as to treat the processes of production, consumption, and energy storage in their dynamics. The optimization version of the mathematical model eliminates the need for a pre-assignment of the energy flow control algorithm. In this case, it is possible to study systems with the simultaneous presence of several units of energy storage of various types. For the study of renewable energy sources under market conditions, a model was developed so as to take into account the presence of various decision-making hubs, as well as the impact of governmental regulatory bodies in the market. It was shown that the most efficient mechanism for encouraging the development of renewable energy sources is the creation of a market for "green certificates", with the least efficient renewable energy sources to be subsidized.
Stand-alone power supply system with DC photo-diesel source
Authors: Lukutin Boris , Muravyev Dmitry
Published: September 2019

An object of research is a diesel power supply system of the decentralized village of Tokma, Irkutsk Region, Russia. The objective is to increase the contribution of the PV part of a photo-diesel electrical system operating in parallel with a diesel power plant to a stand-alone distribution network of DC compared to parallel PV and diesel stations operating on AC; quality improvement and voltage stabilization in the electrical network; cost reduction of generated electricity. Optimization of the characteristics of a stand-alone power supply system at a DC is a difficult task, due to the impossibility of conducting tests in a real electric power system, and the use of physical modeling because of its extreme complexity. Given this fact, the task is to design software and hardware tools for optimizing the parameters of a DC photo-diesel power system. The developed models use MS Excel, MatLab/Simulink software packages, as well as weather data bases. A software tool has been developed that allows for simulation modeling of operating modes of photo-diesel power supply systems, generation, consumption and insolation level of a decentralized consumer, as well as determining rational technical and economic parameters; criteria of expediency and efficiency of constructing photo-diesel electric systems with DC have been identified. As a result, the level of voltage drop is reduced compared to the AC power supply system, the cost of 1 kWh of electrical energy is lower than in the AC power supply system, and the negative environmental impact is reduced.
Integration of liquid transportation fuel production into airless injection gas-steam cycle
Authors: Kalashnikova Elizaveta , Kalashnikov Dmitriy , Pugachuk Alexander , Kosoy Anatoliy
Published: September 2019

Mineral fuel combustion negatively impacts on environment. Carbon dioxide (carbonic acid gas) is a danger matter obtained after combustion of such fuel. Deterioration of environment instigates society to invent new effective technologies to minimize anthropogenic emissions. There is an airless injection gas-steam cycle [1] for production of electricity and heat energy. Specific character of this cycle is a complete carbon capture. It is realized by liquid oxygen cooling. Also this cycle is characterized by high effectiveness of heat and electrical energy co-production and opportunity of liquid carbon dioxide production, which is convenient for transportation and usage. This diagram provides with reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, while it is impossible in other technologies. Disadvantage of such diagram is impossibility of using captured carbon dioxide in other fields. In this paper perspective method of airless injection gas-steam cycle modernization is offered for further liquefied carbon dioxide conversion into synthesis gas. Eventually, synthetic liquid transportation fuel (methanol) is obtained. Methanol refers to alternative type of fuel. It is an energy intensive, easily used and safe energy carrier. Minimal value of carbon dioxide emissions per produced energy unit of such plant essentially solves problem of anthropogenic influence on environment.
Problems of energy efficiency of heat supply systems
Authors: Rafalskaya Tatyana
Published: September 2019

The main task of energy-efficient heat supply is to ensure full compliance between the produced and consumed thermal power, subject to a minimum of reduced costs. To achieve this goal, various methods of central and local regulation are applied. Analysis of the thermal schemes of some cities in Russia showed that most of the heat sources of centralized heat supply systems are not able to support the design hightemperature graphs with central regulation. Therefore, the area of centralized qualitative method of regulation of heat load has decreased substantially. A perspective direction for the further development of heat supply systems is to appeal to the experience of foreign countries, i.e. the use of qualitative-quantitative and quantitative methods of central regulation and low-temperature heat supply. There is also an acute problem of the complete use of heat by consumers, since overstating of the temperature of the return water substantially reduces the efficiency of heat sources. A new formula has been obtained which makes it possible to predict the temperature of the return network water in variable operating modes of heating points. The resulting formula can be used to set up programmable regulators and will allow correcting irrational modes of operation of heat supply systems.
Sur la voie de l’automobile autonome. Ma voiture et comment elle voit le monde
Authors: Bretes José
Published: September 2019

Dans le monde de la science-fiction, les voitures autonomes sont pratiquement des véhicules standards. Dans la « vraie vie », nous rattrapons rapidement l’imagination des auteurs. Aujourd’hui encore, il semble qu’un nouveau système d’alerte soit ajouté chaque année. Des systèmes d’alerte de changement de voie et des assistants de distance et de stationnement sont déjà disponibles dans les voitures de milieu de gamme. Les modèles les plus chers se conduisent pratiquement tout seuls, au moins en mode stop-and-go. Est-ce à dire que les banlieusards ont le temps de faire une petite sieste dans les embouteillages quotidiens du matin ? La technologie n’en est pas encore tout à fait là, mais il existe une réelle concurrence entre les constructeurs automobiles sur la voie de la conduite autonome.
Détection et analyse automatique des aérosols atmosphériques par lidar infrarouge
Authors: Cariou Jean-Pierre , Thobois Ludovic
Published: September 2019

Le changement climatique récent est attribué entre autres à l'impact des particules atmosphériques d’origine naturelle ou des activités humaines d’après le dernier rapport du GIEC [IPCC, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report]. Les aérosols affectent également les propriétés des nuages et influencent le cycle de l'eau, pouvant intensifier les moussons. En avril 2010, le volcan Eyjafjallajökull a créé un panache de plusieurs milliers de kilomètres sur l’Europe et causé la fermeture de plusieurs aéroports internationaux, clouant au sol des millions de voyageurs et causant une perte économique globale de 1,7 milliard de dollars. Tous les jours, les aérosols transfrontaliers (panaches de sable du Sahara, résidus de combustion des forêts canadiennes) affectent la santé des populations habitant notamment en zones urbaines ainsi que les activités économiques.
Détection et caractérisation des tourbillons de sillage des avions par Lidar Doppler
Authors: Dolfi-Bouteyre Agnès , Lombard Laurent , Hallermeyer Alexandre , Valla Matthieu , Besson Claudine
Published: September 2019

Dans un contexte où le trafic aérien s'accroît chaque jour, l'optimisation des débits en termes de décollage et d'atterrissage est devenue un enjeu majeur pour les aéroports à forte affluence. Ces débits sont principalement limités par la présence de tourbillons de sillage communément appelés wake vortex. Ceux-ci sont formés après le passage d'un avion et représentent un danger potentiel pour l'avion suivant. Afin d'éviter les accidents, les organisations de sûreté de la navigation aérienne ont défini, il y a plus de quarante ans, des distances de sécurité à respecter entre décollages ou atterrissages successifs. Ces distances prennent en compte la catégorie de poids des deux appareils en considérant des situations pire-cas. De nombreuses études ont été menées pour permettre une meilleure compréhension de ces tourbillons et ont permis de constater que leur comportement varie en fonction des conditions atmosphériques, en particulier en fonction du vent et de la turbulence atmosphérique. Afin d’étudier la dynamique de la masse d’air et l’évolution de ces phénomènes, on utilise depuis une dizaine d’années le Lidar (light detection and ranging). Le Lidar pulsé est devenu l’instrument de référence pour la mesure à distance des tourbillons de sillage (positions et puissance).
Der Fuß aus radiologischer, orthopädischer und chirurgischer Sicht
Authors: Lück Jan-Cedric
Published: September 2019

Der Fuß, ein Meisterwerk der Natur. Er lässt uns durch die Welt schreiten und ermöglicht uns dadurch grenzenlose Beweglichkeit. Wir brauchen ihn in jeder Lebenslage, und dennoch schenken wir ihm oft genug zu wenig Beachtung. Der Fersensporn und der Hallux valgus sind Begriffe, die jedem Menschen etwas sagen, dennoch sind sie so komplex, dass erst durch eine genaue Diagnostik eine erfolgreiche Behandlung erfolgen kann.
Sonographer in Österreich
Authors: Knabl Michaela
Published: September 2019

In Österreich sind Radiologietechnologen / Radiologietechnologinnen seit 1992 berechtigt eigenverantwortlich Ultraschalluntersuchungen durchzuführen. Seit 2017 bietet der Berufsfachverband für Radiologietechnologie Österreich (rtaustria), basierend auf dem Berufsbild § 2(3) und aufbauend auf der Berufsberechtigung nach dem MTD-Gesetz 1, diese Weiterbildung im Fachgebiet der Sonografie an.
Genetik der Körperhöhe
Authors: Hermanussen Michael , Scheffler Christiane , Bogin Barry
Published: September 2019

Hintergrund Noch immer gründen heutige Analysen genetischer Zwillings- und
Familienstudien auf mathematischen Ansätzen des frühen 20. Jahrhunderts,
namentlich von Galton, Pearson und Fisher, und führen zu konventionellen
Schätzwerten für die Heritabilität der Körperhöhe zwischen h² = 0,87 und h² =
0,93 bei Männern und zwischen h² = 0,68 und h² = 0,84 bei Frauen. Diese Werte
sind wesentlich höher als moderne Schätzungen auf der Basis genomweiter
Assoziationsstudien (GWAS), mit denen sich zwischen 12,3 % und 49 % der
Körperhöhenvarianz im Erwachsenenalter erklären lassen. Diese so genannte
„missing heritability“ gibt Anlass zu Missverständnissen.

Diskussion Wir nehmen eine biokulturelle Perspektive ein, um
Entwicklungsmerkmale zu verstehen, die nur auf den ersten Blick erblich
erscheinen. Innerhalb sozialer Gruppen dient Körpergröße als Signal. Kompetitive
Wachstumsstrategien (competitive growth strategies) und strategische
Wachstumsanpassungen (strategic growth adjustments) insbesondere im Hinblick auf
die Gefahr, aus einer führenden sozialen Rolle verdrängt zu werden (threat of
being displaced) sind bei sozialen Säugern beschrieben und spielen sehr
wahrscheinlich auch in menschlichen Sozialstrukturen eine wesentliche Rolle. Die
Körperhöhe eines Menschen hängt von der Körperhöhe anderer Mitglieder seiner
Peer Group ab. Im vergangenen Jahrhundert wurden Körperhöhentrends von bis zu 20
cm in manchen Populationen beobachtet (säkulare Trends). Dies ist Ausdruck von
phänotypischer Plastizität und war Galton, Pearson und Fisher unbekannt.

Schlussfolgerung Die beschriebene „missing heritability“ für Körperhöhe
spiegelt die Diskrepanz zwischen moderner Wissenschaft und überholten
Vermengungen von deterministischen und politischen Ideen des frühen 20.
Jahrhunderts wider.
New simulations improve understanding of turbulent flow around a circular cylinder
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: September 2019

The first compressible, wall-resolved large eddy simulation of turbulent flow around a circular cylinder in the critical regime reveals flow features and noise sources.
A computational framework for DNA sequencing microscopy
Authors: Hoffecker Ian T. , Yang Yunshi , Bernardinelli Giulio , Orponen Pekka , Högberg Björn
Published: September 2019

We describe a method whereby microscale spatial information such as the relative positions of biomolecules on a surface can be transferred to a sequence-based format and reconstructed into images without conventional optics. Barcoded DNA “polymerase colony” (polony) amplification techniques enable one to distinguish specific locations of a surface by their sequence. Image formation is based on pairwise fusion of uniquely tagged and spatially adjacent polonies. The network of polonies connected by shared borders forms a graph whose topology can be reconstructed from pairs of barcodes fused during a polony cross-linking phase, the sequences of which are determined by recovery from the surface and next-generation (next-gen) sequencing. We developed a mathematical and computational framework for this principle called polony adjacency reconstruction for spatial inference and topology and show that Euclidean spatial data may be stored and transmitted in the form of graph topology. Images are formed by transferring molecular information from a surface of interest, which we demonstrated in silico by reconstructing images formed from stochastic transfer of hypothetical molecular markers. The theory developed here could serve as a basis for an automated, multiplexable, and potentially superresolution imaging method based purely on molecular information.
The default-mode network represents aesthetic appeal that generalizes across visual domains
Authors: Vessel Edward A. , Isik Ayse Ilkay , Belfi Amy M. , Stahl Jonathan L. , Starr G. Gabrielle
Published: September 2019

Visual aesthetic evaluations, which impact decision-making and well-being, recruit the ventral visual pathway, subcortical reward circuitry, and parts of the medial prefrontal cortex overlapping with the default-mode network (DMN). However, it is unknown whether these networks represent aesthetic appeal in a domain-general fashion, independent of domain-specific representations of stimulus content (artworks versus architecture or natural landscapes). Using a classification approach, we tested whether the DMN or ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOT) contains a domain-general representation of aesthetic appeal. Classifiers were trained on multivoxel functional MRI response patterns collected while observers made aesthetic judgments about images from one aesthetic domain. Classifier performance (high vs. low aesthetic appeal) was then tested on response patterns from held-out trials from the same domain to derive a measure of domain-specific coding, or from a different domain to derive a measure of domain-general coding. Activity patterns in category-selective VOT contained a degree of domain-specific information about aesthetic appeal, but did not generalize across domains. Activity patterns from the DMN, however, were predictive of aesthetic appeal across domains. Importantly, the ability to predict aesthetic appeal varied systematically; predictions were better for observers who gave more extreme ratings to images subsequently labeled as “high” or “low.” These findings support a model of aesthetic appreciation whereby domain-specific representations of the content of visual experiences in VOT feed in to a “core” domain-general representation of visual aesthetic appeal in the DMN. Whole-brain “searchlight” analyses identified additional prefrontal regions containing information relevant for appreciation of cultural artifacts (artwork and architecture) but not landscapes.
Potential energy landscape activations governing plastic flows in glass rheology
Authors: Cao Penghui , Short Michael P. , Yip Sidney
Published: September 2019

Significance

Glassy materials exhibit striking rheological behavior in response to varying external stimuli such as strain rate. Understanding the microscopic processes governing the nature of nonlinear flow is of longstanding interest in the glass community. Here, atomistic simulations of a model metallic glass over an extraordinarily wide range of strain rate reveal distinct local rearrangements both in time and in space, underlying liquid-like and solid-like mechanical responses mediated by strain rate. The spatial and temporal evolution of local strain and single-particle displacement is interpreted in terms of coupled stress activation and thermal hopping on a fractal potential energy landscape. Our results on nonlinear rheology, avalanches, and atomic rearrangements shed light on the commonalities of plastic flows in glass systems.
Seawater-buffered diagenesis, destruction of carbon isotope excursions, and the composition of DIC in Neoproterozoic oceans
Authors: Hoffman Paul F. , Lamothe Kelsey G.
Published: September 2019

Significance

Carbonate sediments of Neoproterozoic age exhibit large secular excursions of carbon isotope composition outside the range of modern seawater dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), but their origins are controversial. We show that in a Neoproterozoic carbonate platform in Namibia, such excursions disappear on the flanks of the platform, where compositions are more compatible with modern seawater. We attribute the observed spatial variation to early fluid-buffered alteration on the flanks of the platform, where seawater invaded the sediment in response to geothermal porewater convection. Accordingly, the isotope excursions in the platform interior are decoupled from open-ocean DIC, which remained close to the modern range. Our interpretation is testable and, if confirmed, has important ramifications for the origins of ancient carbon isotope excursions.
SuFEx-enabled, agnostic discovery of covalent inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase
Authors: Zheng Qinheng , Woehl Jordan L. , Kitamura Seiya , Santos-Martins Diogo , Smedley Christopher J. , Li Gencheng , Forli Stefano , Moses John E. , Wolan Dennis W. , Sharpless K. Barry
Published: September 2019

Sulfur fluoride exchange (SuFEx) has emerged as the new generation of click chemistry. We report here a SuFEx-enabled, agnostic approach for the discovery and optimization of covalent inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase (hNE). Evaluation of our ever-growing collection of SuFExable compounds toward various biological assays unexpectedly revealed a selective and covalent hNE inhibitor: benzene-1,2-disulfonyl fluoride. Synthetic derivatization of the initial hit led to a more potent agent, 2-(fluorosulfonyl)phenyl fluorosulfate with IC
50
0.24 μM and greater than 833-fold selectivity over the homologous neutrophil serine protease, cathepsin G. The optimized, yet simple benzenoid probe only modified active hNE and not its denatured form.
Autophagy controls reactive oxygen species homeostasis in guard cells that is essential for stomatal opening
Authors: Yamauchi Shota , Mano Shoji , Oikawa Kazusato , Hikino Kazumi , Teshima Kosuke M. , Kimori Yoshitaka , Nishimura Mikio , Shimazaki Ken-ichiro , Takemiya Atsushi
Published: September 2019

Significance

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key signaling molecules that play an important role in the regulation of stomatal movements in response to stress conditions. However, how basal cellular ROS levels are regulated in stomatal guard cells is not yet known. Our results revealed that autophagy maintains ROS homeostasis by eliminating oxidized peroxisomes, which allows the optimization of stomatal opening for photosynthetic CO
2
fixation and plant growth. This study provides insights on regulatory mechanisms of ROS homeostasis in guard cells and the physiological significance of plant peroxisome-specific autophagy, that is, pexophagy.
Altérité et français contemporain des cités en contexte espagnol
Authors: Duchêne Nadia
Published: September 2019

Le roman de Faïza Guène, Les gens du Balto, nous plonge dans un texte émaillé d’argot, de verlan,
de structures propres à l’oral, d’expressions métaphoriques, parfois aussi de termes étrangers. Les personnages s’expriment dans
une langue éloignée des normes de l’écrit. Une forme d’écriture digne du documentaire avec ses voix propres, une langue hybride
qui relève d’un sociolecte reproduisant le parler de la banlieue parisienne. Ce choix stylistique constitue un véritable défi pour
le traducteur. Après avoir présenté brièvement l’auteure et le roman, nous analyserons les spécificités linguistiques du récit à
partir d’un corpus représentatif pour ensuite examiner les stratégies adoptées par la traductrice.
Towards equal sharing of care? Judicial implementation of EU equal employment and work–life balance policies in Spain
Authors: La Barbera Mariacaterina , Lombardo Emanuela
Published: September 2019

Discursive factors have not figured prominently in implementation research. This article fills this gap by addressing the material and discursive conflicts articulated around equality at workplace between women and men in multilevel judicial contexts. It studies obstacles to and opportunities for the judicial implementation of EU equal employment policies in Spain by analyzing two cases of parental rights to childcare litigated before Spanish and supranational courts, namely the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. The claimants are working parents who litigate for the recognition of their right to provide childcare. In judicial implementation multiple meanings about women, gender and intersectionality can be articulated and counteracted at different levels. Frame analysis of selected judicial documents and content analysis of legal proceedings and interviews show that simultaneous favorable institutions, framing, and actors are needed for implementing EU equal employment policies in a way that allows overcoming the gendered division of care and paid work. Distinguishing among ‘women’, ‘gender’ and ‘intersectionality’ approaches, we assess the extent to which the result of judicial implementation is the transformation of gender roles towards equal sharing of care.
Qatari-US military relations: context, evolution and prospects
Authors: Saidy Brahim
Published: September 2019

Military cooperation is one of the most intriguing dimensions of the Qatari-US relationship. It has progressively evolved, driven by a changing geopolitical landscape and security threats in the Middle East. In fact, it has a significant impact on the overall bilateral relationship, especially economic ties. It rests upon four pillars: a bilateral defence agreement, the use of military facilities, arms sales and military-to-military contacts. This paper analyzes the development of the military relationship that exists between Washington and Doha and offers an assessment of the issues that animate it.
Assessing model-dielectric-dependent hybrid functionals on the antiferromagnetic transition-metal monoxides MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO
Authors: Liu Peitao , Franchini Cesare , Marsman Martijn , Kresse Georg
Published: September 2019

Recently, two nonempirical hybrid functionals, dielectric-dependent range-separated hybrid functional based on the Coulomb-attenuating method (DD-RSH-CAM) and doubly screened hybrid functional (DSH), have been suggested by Chen et al (2018 Phys. Rev. Mater. 2 073803) and Cui et al (2018 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 9 2338), respectively. These two hybrid functionals are both based on a common model dielectric function approach, but differ in the way how to non-empirically obtain the range-separation parameter. By retaining the full short-range Fock exchange and a fraction of the long-range Fock exchange that equals the inverse of the dielectric constant, both DD-RSH-CAM and DSH turn out to perform very well in predicting the band gaps for a large variety of semiconductors and insulators. Here, we assess how these two hybrid functionals perform on challenging antiferromagnetic transition-metal monoxides MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO by comparing them to other conventional hybrid functionals and the GW method. We find that single-shot DD0-RSH-CAM and DSH0 improve the band gaps towards experiments as compared to conventional hybrid functionals. The magnetic moments are slightly increased, but the predicted dielectric constants are decreased. The valence band density of states (DOS) predicted by DD0-RSH-CAM and DSH0 are as satisfactory as HSE03 in comparison to experimental spectra, however, the conduction band DOS are shifted to higher energies by about 2 eV compared to HSE03. Self-consistent DD-RSH-CAM and DSH deteriorate the results with a significant overestimation of band gaps.
Integration of an isotropic microprobe and a microenvironment into a conventional CMM
Authors: Metz D , Jantzen S , Wessel D , Mies G , Lüdenbach J , Stein M , Kniel K , Dietzel A
Published: September 2019

This paper describes the experimental verification of the novel IMT-PTB microprobe combined with a uniquely designed microenvironment. The microprobe consists of three silicon-based parallelograms stacked orthogonally, which leads to high isotropy. The probe tip deflections are detected in 3D with the help of piezoresistors placed in the parallelograms. The microenvironment facilitates and improves the measurement of workpieces with sub-millimeter features. The new microprobe and the microenvironment were integrated into a commercial coordinate measuring machine (CMM). To evaluate the microprobe performance, PTB produced and calibrated three reference objects: a cube, a sphere, and a microgear measurement standard. The differences between the calibration values and the measurement results obtained by the microprobe were in the sub-micrometer range. Furthermore, the microprobe was compared with the standard probing system of the gear measuring machine by measuring the reference objects with identical parameters. The results show the excellent performance of the micro probing system, thereby extending the capability of the CMM for high-precision measurements of complex workpieces at the microscale.
Intentional and unintentional channeling during implantation of 51V ions into 4H-SiC
Authors: Linnarsson M K , Hallén A , Vines L
Published: September 2019

Ion implantation is a commonly used process step in 4H-SiC device manufacturing to implement precise concentrations of dopant atoms in selected areas and depths. This paper reports on vanadium (V) implantation into 4H-SiC(0001) and how the crystal lattice, with preferential directions, channels, for the ions, will influence the final dopant distribution. Concentration versus depth profiles of V-ions, intentionally and unintentionally channelled, has been recorded by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Ion implantations have been performed between 50 and 300 keV at various impact angles and fluence at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures. Before ion implantation, the samples were aligned utilizing the blocking pattern of 100 keV backscattered protons. In addition to the aligned implantations, our standard beam line for ion implantation has been used for implantations in a ‘random’ direction using the wafer miscut angle of 4°. The electronic stopping has been determined from these ‘random’ cases and the values have been used in 3D simulations to predict preferential crystallographic directions using SIIMPL, a Monte Carlo simulation code based on the binary collision approximation. The results show that, independent of the used impact angle there is always a probability that the vanadium ions will be steered into the [000-1] and the family of 〈11-2-3〉 crystal directions and therefore penetrate deep into the sample, resulting in unwanted ‘spikes’. If the implantation is performed at elevated temperatures, a larger degree of dechanneling is present due to increased thermal vibrations and the penetration depth of vanadium is slightly reduced.
Optimal timescale for community detection in growing networks
Authors: Medo Matúš , Zeng An , Zhang Yi-Cheng , Mariani Manuel S
Published: September 2019

Time-stamped data are increasingly available for many social, economic, and information systems that can be represented as networks growing with time. The World Wide Web, social contact networks, and citation networks of scientific papers and online news articles, for example, are of this kind. Static methods can be inadequate for the analysis of growing networks as they miss essential information on the system’s dynamics. At the same time, time-aware methods require the choice of an observation timescale, yet we lack principled ways to determine it. We focus on the popular community detection problem which aims to partition a network’s nodes into meaningful groups. We use a multi-layer quality function to show, on both synthetic and real datasets, that the observation timescale that leads to optimal communities is tightly related to the system’s intrinsic aging timescale that can be inferred from the time-stamped network data. The use of temporal information leads to drastically different conclusions on the community structure of real information networks, which challenges the current understanding of the large-scale organization of growing networks. Our findings indicate that before attempting to assess structural patterns of evolving networks, it is vital to uncover the timescales of the dynamical processes that generated them.
Immobilization of Trametes hirsuta D7 in Light Expanded Clay Aggregate for Decolorization of Synthetic Dye
Authors: Ardiati F C , Yanto D H Y , Anita S H , Watanabe T
Published: September 2019

Light Expanded Clay Aggregate (LECA) in a granular form was used for the immobilization of fungus Trametes hirsuta D7 to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye. The efficacy of LECA as a media for immobilization was assessed using steam activation, contact time, immobilization method and dosage of sorbent. Batch experiments were carried out for decolorization and the results showed that activated LECA has the capability to remove 35% RBBR for 24 h of contact time. Non-freeze dry immobilization process demonstrated a higher decolorization than that of freeze dry process with maximum 88% and 22% removal, respectively. Different dosage of activated and non-freeze dry-LECA was tested to achieve optimum decolorization and it was found that 0.2 g/ml dye could remove 76% dye for 3 hours and reached the maximum removal for 94% at 24 hours with high laccase activities (460 U L− 1). This study found that fungus T. hirsuta D7 and LECA could be used to decolorize RBBR and LECA had the potential to be an alternative matrix for fungi immobilization.
Floating treatment wetlands and submerged vegetation for water quality improvement of an urban lake in megacity Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Henny C , Kurniawan R , Akhdiana I
Published: September 2019

Most of urban lakes in Megacity Jakarta have become shallow, polluted and in eutrophic condition due to solids and nutrient pollution which requires urgent handling and management. Aquatic vegetation especially emergent and submerged plants in the lake littoral area have been known to play an important role to reduce the contaminants in the lake water. Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) are cultivated plants growing on buoyant mats in open water. FTWs are an innovative tool that has been widely used for ponds and storm water quality improvement. This study aims to examine the effect of submerged plant and the ability of two different plants grown on Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) system to improve an urban lake water quality. One urban lake has been selected for this study where the lake littoral at the inlet area has been overgrown by the submerged aquatic plant of Myriophillum verticillatum. Two units of Floating Treatment Wetlands (FTWs) (size of 3 m2 each) made of rubber mat and PVC pipes (3 inches) as buoyant material and planted with Heliconia densiflora. and Vetiveria zizanioides. The performance of the FTWs applied and M. vercillatum was assessed by calculating the removal efficiency of nutrients and solids concentrations in the lake water of the coverage area. The observations of several water quality parameters including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS) were made at the site before and after the submerged plant and FTWs. Both FTW_ H. densiflora and FTW_V. zizaniodes removed more nutrients and also suspended solids per m2 area than M. vercillatum. Although both submerged vegetation and FTWs can be used as tools to manage a long-term stability for good urban lake water quality, it will require intensive harvesting to control productivity of submerged vegetation.
Effect of C/N ratio variations on the capability of microbes from Muara Karang river sediment in the production of biogas and identification using VITEK 2
Authors: Widadri L M , Mangunwardoyo W , Ambarsari H
Published: September 2019

Gas is one form of microbial metabolism products that can be identified as biogas, one example of biogas is methane gas. The production of methane gas by bacteria occurs through methanogenesis with three stages, namely hydrolysis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. These processes are generally performed by bacteria in an anaerobic environment. The Muara Karang River sediments contaminated with organic matters and having low oxygen are potential as the habitat for anaerobic microbes with methanogenesis ability. The ability of such sediment microbes in biogas production was tested by inoculating Muara Karang sediment in a Methanogen Enrichment Barker broth medium with variations of C/N ratio using glucose as the carbon source to analyze the biogas production. The parameters measured were the total carbon, the total nitrogen, and the biogas volume. Two isolates were obtained, namely isolate I and isolate II. These isolates were then identified by the VITEK 2 compact equipment. The result showed that C/N ratio of 25:1 could produce the highest biogas volume. Isolate I was identified by the VITEK 2 equipment as Methylobacterium spp. from methanotroph group bacteria and isolate II was identified as Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis.
Structural and Optical Studies of Zinc doped BiFeO3 on the Bi-site
Authors: Notonegoro Hamdan Akbar , Soegijono Bambang , Rafsanjani Rifqi Almusawi , Mudzakir Isom , Raksa Teguh Yoga
Published: September 2019

Zinc-doped bismuth ferrite (Bi1-x
Zn
x
FeO3, x = 0, 0.05, 0.1) powdered were synthesized through sol-gel auto combustion methods to investigate the optical properties while maintaining the whole structure of BiFeO3 (BFO). The Zn doped induced the reveal of Bi25FeO40 as a secondary phase and decreased the bond angle of Bi–O–Fe in the BFO phase structure which affect the electron density formation inside of the lattice. The presence of Zn content has also conducted the shifting of optical absorption in the UV-Vis region and increasing the dielectric constant value. This property is potent in visible light photonic applications.
Adsorption Study of Methylene Blue and Eriochrome Black T Dyes on Activated Carbon and Magnetic Carbon Composite
Authors: Fajarwati F I , Anugrahwati M , Yanti I , Safitri R A , Yeni  , Yuanita E
Published: September 2019

Dye is one of the dangerous contaminants because it can interfere with the health of living things and the environment. This research aims to study the comparison of adsorption capacity between activated carbon and its magnetic composite on methylene blue and eriochrome black T, as azo dyes, an organic compound contains a functional group of –N=N-, that are hardly to be degraded in the environment. The activated carbon used in this study was obtained commercially while the composite material was synthesized using activated carbon which was carried by iron species from a solution of Fe2+ and Fe3+ salts. The variables studied in this research were contact periodic time and dye concentration. The adsorption process was evaluated using a kinetics and isotherm model. Furthermore, the characterization of the two adsorbents was conducted using Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. The results of FTIR characterization show a functional group that indicates of the proper of magnetic carbon composite preparation as indicated at wave number from the vibration of Fe-O bonds. Adsorption result from activated carbon and magnetic carbon composite on both dyes followed the kinetics model pseudo-second order. Meanwhile, the isotherm adsorption model of the adsorbents against methylene blue follows the Langmuir and Freundlich equations for eriochrome black T.
Average four-genus of two-bridge knots
Authors: Baader S. , Kjuchukova A. , Lewark L. , Misev F. , Ray A.
Published: September 2019

We prove that the expected value of the ratio between the smooth four-genus and the Seifert genus of two-bridge knots tends to zero as the crossing number tends to infinity.