bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI KULIT SALAK (Salacca Zalacca) DENGAN PROSES FISIKA MENGGUNAKAN UAP DENGAN PEMANAS MICROWAVE
Authors: Indah Sari  , Uchi Inda Purnamasari  , M. Turmuzi Lubis
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to determine the best adsorption capacity, compounds contained in activated carbon and burn off that produced. In this study, activated carbon have been prepared from the bark of Salacca zalacca by physically activating using a microwave. The 70 gram  bark of Salacca zalaccawas pyrolised in a furnace with flowing gas N2 with temperature 500 oC for 120 minutes followed by microwave activation at 2450 MHz with power 600 W, 800 W and 1000 W for 20 minutes, 40 minutes and 60 minutes. The results showed the best burn off on microwave power 1000 W with 60 minutes activation time of 90,25%. The best activated carbon adsorption capacity at 800 W microwave power for 20 minutes is 19,96 mg/g. The best allowanced percentage at 800 W microwave power with 20 minutes activation time is 99,82%. Characterization of Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FITR) showed the presence of C=O (carbonyl) bonds indicating the presence of carbon-active substances. After pyrolysis forms a C≡C (Alkuna) bond which indicated more carbon was produced. This is supported by the characterization of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) showing the surface morphology of rough and irregular activated carbon and the amount of carbon and oxide content on activated carbon of 44,44% and 28,54% sequentially.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LAURIL ALKOHOL TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT UJI TARIK KOMPOSIT KARET ALAM TERISI SILIKA
Authors: Rieska Wulandari Sianturi  , Indra Surya
Published: October 2019

By using a semi-efficient vulcanisation system; the effects of lauryl alcohol (LA) as a new rubber additive on tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) composites were investigated. The NR composites were filled by silica filler with a fixed loading, 30.0 phr (part per hundred rubber). The LA is a fatty alcohol based on palm kernel oil and incorporated into the silica-filled NR composites. The LA loadings were 1.0 phr, 2.0 phr, 3.0 phr and 4.0 phr. It was found that LA functioned as an internal plasticiser. As an internal plasticiser, LA decreased the tensile modulus and increased elongations at break of silica-filled NR composites. It was also found that LA increased the crosslink density and tensile strength up to 3.0 phr of LA loading. The 3.0 phr of LA was the optimum loading.
PIROLISIS PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT UNTUK MENGHASILKAN FENOL PADA ASAP CAIR
Authors: Seri Maulina  , Nurtahara  , Fakhradila
Published: October 2019

Palm midrib is a waste in oil palm plantations that containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin compounds. Palm midrib pyrolysis will produce phenol derived from lignin. The purpose of this study was to obtain phenol compounds as a function of time and temperature. The pyrolysis process was carried out at 200 °C, 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C with variation of pyrolysis time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes. The analysis was performed using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The content of phenol compounds in liquid smoke increases with the rise of temperature and pyrolysis time. The highest total phenol content in liquid smoke was obtained at 600 °C for 90 minutes pyrolysis, which was 17.966%.
PENGARUH KOMPOSISI PENGISI SERTA TEKANAN HOT PRESS TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK KOMPOSIT POLIESTER BERPENGISI NANO PARTIKEL ZINC OXIDE (ZnO)
Authors: Regy A Putra Ginting  , Maulida
Published: October 2019

The aim of this research was to determine the effects of filler loading and pressure of hot press on tensile strength of zinc oxide (ZnO) filled polyester composites. The Composites were prepared by using polyester as the matrix, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) as the catalyst. The composites were filled by the zinc oxide at 0%; 1%; 3%; 5%; and 7% were molded by hot press with pressure variation of 50 psi, 75 psi, 100 psi, 125 psi and 150 psi. Composites have been molded, then tested for the characteristics Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and tests of tensile strength. The best result of tensile strength, impact and flexural were found on the addition of 3% ZnO at a pressure of 150 psi with a tensile strength of 55,12 MPa. SEM characterization showed a rough surface on the addition of 3% ZnO at a pressure of 150 psi because had a good wetting between matrix and filler ZnO.
Persone con alcol-dipendenza in trattamento in Toscana e in Friuli Venezia Giulia: uno studio epidemiologico
Authors: Allamani Allaman , Bravi Stefano , Pepe Pasquale , Voller Fabio , Struzzo Pierluigi , Manthey Jakob , Rehm Jurgen
Published: October 2019

Obiettivi: Lo studio ha avuto l'obiettivo di approfondire la conoscenza su consumi alcolici, comorbilità somatiche e mentali, problemi sociali, e consumo dei servizi sanitari delle persone in trattamento per alcol-dipendenza (AD) e abuso alcolico in Toscana e in Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG), confrontando le differenze tra le due regioni. Disegno e metodo: Ricerca trasversale, realizzata mediante intervista diretta con questionario strutturato. I dati risultanti sono stati analizzati mediante test del chi quadro e regressioni logistiche. Partecipanti: Lo studio è stato compiuto tra il luglio 2013 e febbraio 2014 su un campione di alcolisti in trattamento in Toscana (N=147) e in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (N=129).Risultati principali: I pazienti con dipendenza e abuso alcolico avevano condizioni socioeconomiche inferiori più in Toscana (47,9%) che nel FVG (35,7) (OR=1,75, Intervallo di confidenza [IC] 95% 1,06-2,86). I problemi di fegato, la depressione e l'ansia riferite erano maggiori in Toscana in confronto con il FVG: rispettivamente 35,4% vs 22,5% (OR=1,89, IC 95% 1,10-3,22); 58,6% vs 35,7, (OR=2,56, IC 95% 2,56-4,16); 58,9% vs 37,2% (OR=2,42, IC95% 1,49-3,93). Le probabilità che si presentassero gli 11 sintomi che per il DSM IV identificano la dipendenza e l'abuso, erano da 1,9 a 12 volte significativamente minori in Toscana che nel FVG. La probabilità di accesso al DEA (Dipartimento di Emergenza e Urgenza) è stata minore in Toscana rispetto al FVG (15,8% vs 33,3%, OR=0,37, IC95% 0,21- 0,67), mentre i contatti coi medici di medicina generale son stati più frequenti in Toscana che in FVG (51,7% vs 38,8%, OR=1,69, IC95% 1,05-2,73). Conclusione: Lo studio mostra che tra i pazienti con DSM-IV AD e abuso di alcol i problemi di salute percepiti e le condizioni socio-economiche inferiori sono maggiori in Toscana che nel FVG. Tali differenze potrebbero essere attribuite alle diverse attenzioni che le due regioni hanno nei confronti di tali co-morbilità.Inoltre si evidenzia una maggiore gravità della dipendenza e abuso alcolici nel FVG rispetto alla Toscana, con un superiore consumo di servizi ospedalieri forniti dal DEA, il che potrebbe corrispondere alla diversa cultura del bere nelle due regioni.
Pazienti addicted ad Elevata Complessità Socio-Sanitaria (ECoSS): dall'approccio intuitivo alla definizione di criteri scientifici. Studio retrospettivo osservazionale su una popolazione di 1.003 pazienti
Authors: De Vivo Enrico , Foti Marilu , Mellano Manuela , Bignamini Emanuele
Published: October 2019

Un paziente ad "Elevata Complessità SocioSanitaria" (ECoSS), rappresenta l'esito conclusivo di un investimento terapeutico e, tendenzialmente, non ha più possibilità di riabilitazione; quindi, impegnerà risorse del sistema di cura per tutta la durata della sua vita, costituendo un elemento da considerare in termini di programmazione e investimento delle risorse.  A fronte di queste considerazioni, si pongono diverse questioni. Quando è possibile definire un paziente ECoSS? Qual è la prevalenza dei pazienti che possono essere definiti ECoSS sul totale di quelli in cura? Quali caratteristiche specifiche hanno rispetto ai pazienti "non ECoSS" in cura e rispetto alla popolazione generale? Sono stati esaminati 1003 pazienti allo scopo di rispondere a queste domande.
IBM dip: Modulo breve di intervento riabilitativo orientato alla Mindfulness per utenti polidipendenti stabilizzati in regime ambulatoriale
Authors: de' Lutti Paolo
Published: October 2019

The presented paper proposes a short module for small groups of polydependent patients in the phase of stabilization in an outpatient regime with use of mindfulness techniques. By the HANDS Associations (agreement with Healthcare Company of Bolzano) 35 patients were studied, divided into 6 different groups, during 2017 and 2018 years. The module named IBM dip. was proposed to patients with alcohol dependence associated or not, with compulsive gambling or drug addiction, and was structured in 6 consecutive weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes, conducted by a psychotherapist and mindfulness teacher. The respons in terms of partecipation was good, and important indications emerged, connected to the developement of qualityes such as awarness and motivation to change, important elements in a rehabilitation path from addictions. The short intervention is indicated for patients in the outpatient phase and dose not replace the consolidated MBRP method, more suitable for residential periods.
Rheological characterization of microfibrillated cellulose suspension using optical coherence tomography
Authors: HAAVISTO SANNA , SALMELA JUHA , JÄSBERG ARI , SAARINEN TAPIO , KARPPINEN ANNI , KOPONEN ANTTI
Published: October 2019

Fiber suspensions, such as microfibrillated cellulose, are a challenge for conventional rheometers to measure. This is because rheometers have small flow channel dimensions that can restrict flocculation. Often, questionable assumptions are also made about the fluid behavior in the gap. A pipe rheometer and ultrasound velocity profiling-pressure difference (UVP-PD) concept can be used, by which the real flow behavior is used for the rheological analysis of the bulk properties of the suspension. Unfortunately, the resolution of UVP is too low for studying near-wall phenomena, such as the lubrication layer, that are often very important for understanding the rheology and to upscale the results to industrial flows. To address this problem, we have widened the UVP-PD concept with optical coherence tomography measurements. This enables us to measure the bulk and wall-layer behavior simultaneously. Our results demonstrate the benefits of having direct, detailed measurement of the velocity profile inside the rheometer.
Hardwood pulping kinetics of bulk and residual phases
Authors: ALMEIDA DIEGO , B. SANTOS RICARDO , W. HART PETER , JAMEEL HASAN
Published: October 2019

The kinetics of the bulk and residual delignification phases of Eucalyptus nitens, E. globulus, E. benthamii, acacia, maple, and loblolly pine were determined in an effort to improve the use of various hardwoods. Kinetic experiments were performed using a microwave digestion system for fast heating of the kraft liquor. Delignification rates were obtained for three different temperatures (150°C, 160°C, and 170°C) and correlated with the wood’s syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio. A linear correlation between the kraft delignification rate and the syringyl-toguaiacyl ratio was found to exist.
An experimental study of smelt-water interaction in the recovery boiler dissolving tank
Authors: JIN ERIC , BUSSMANN MARKUS , TRAN HONGHI
Published: October 2019

A laboratory apparatus was constructed to simulate the operating conditions of recovery boiler smelt dissolving tanks and used to systematically study the interaction between molten smelt droplets and water. Experiments were performed on synthetic smelt made of 80 wt% Na2CO3 and 20 wt% NaCl at 800°C, 900°C, and 1000°C. The results show that upon contact with water, some smelt droplets explode immediately and break into small pieces, some require a delay time to explode, and others solidify without exploding. The probability of explosion strongly depends on water temperature and to some extent, smelt temperature. At a given smelt temperature, there exists a water temperature range below which explosion always occurs (the lower critical water
temperature) and above which there is no explosion (the upper critical water temperature). The lower critical water temperature decreases with increasing smelt temperature, while the upper critical water temperature remains the same at 82°C in all cases. Up to this upper critical water temperature, both the explosion delay time and explosion intensity increase with increasing water temperature. The data was used to construct a Smelt-Water Interaction Temperature (SWIT) diagram that can predict if a molten synthetic smelt droplet will explode in water at different smelt and water temperatures.
Evaporation of lignin-lean black liquor
Authors: WALLMO, HENRIK , ANDERSSON ULF , GOURDON MATHIAS , WIMBY MARTIN
Published: October 2019

Many of the pulp mill biorefinery concepts recently presented include removal of lignin from black liquor. In this work, the aim was to study how the change in liquor chemistry affected the evaporation of kraft black liquor when lignin was removed using the LignoBoost process. Lignin was removed from a softwood kraft black liquor and four different black liquors were studied: one reference black liquor (with no lignin extracted); two ligninlean black liquors with a lignin removal rate of 5.5% and 21%, respectively; and one liquor with maximum lignin removal of 60%. Evaporation tests were carried out at the research evaporator in Chalmers University of Technology. Studied parameters were liquor viscosity, boiling point rise, heat transfer coefficient, scaling propensity, changes in liquor chemical composition, and tube incrustation. It was found that the solubility limit for incrustation changed towards lower dry solids for the lignin-lean black liquors due to an increased salt content. The scaling obtained on the tubes was easily cleaned with thin liquor at 105°C. It was also shown that the liquor viscosity decreased exponentially with increased lignin outtake and hence, the heat transfer coefficient increased with increased lignin outtake. Long term tests, operated about 6 percentage dry solids units above the solubility limit for incrustation for all liquors, showed that the heat transfer coefficient increased from 650 W/m2K for the reference liquor to 1500 W/m2K for the liquor with highest lignin separation degree, 60%.
Measurement of free lime content in lime mud
Authors: MAO XIAOSONG , REN WEI , TRAN HONGHI
Published: October 2019

Overliming and the consequent presence of unreacted lime (or free lime) in the lime mud are commonly believed to be the cause of many problems in the operation of causticizing plants and lime kilns in kraft pulp mills. The free lime content in lime mud is typically determined in mill laboratories using a so-called ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) method and in commercial laboratories using a thermal decomposition (TD) method. Over the years, we analyzed many lime mud samples from mills and found that the free lime content was consistently low, < 3 wt% calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), even in cases where overliming was suspected to have caused problems. A systematic study was therefore conducted to investigate the validity of free-lime measurement methods, the reason for the consistently low free lime content in lime mud, and if free lime values can be used to indicate overliming. The results show that the NH4Cl method is not suitable for determining free lime. The TD method is good, but the possible interference of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) must be taken into account. Since most pulp mills perform their free lime analysis on mud samples collected from pre-coat filters which have been washed, the resulting free lime value is low, and thus, cannot be used to assess the extent of overliming in the causticizing plant.
Duplex and ferritic stainless steel sheet linings versus weld overlay and other metallic corrosion-resistant barriers
Authors: C. BENNETT DAVID
Published: October 2019

Sheet linings made from stainless steel can protect carbon steel substrates at lower initial direct cost for installation and subsequent direct inspection than weld overlay and thermal sprayed coating. Closely matched thermal expansion coefficients of ferritic and duplex stainless steel grades with carbon steel allow large “tile pieces” in reliable, leak-proof linings compared to linings from austenitic grades, simplifying and speeding
installation. Sheet linings with ferritic and duplex grades typically have lower unit costs than weld overlay and thermal sprayed coatings. Ferritic and lean duplex grades resist corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in most alkaline pulping and liquor recovery environments. Super-duplex grades can replace acid-resistant brick linings in
D-stage bleaching equipment, including pre-retention tubes and towers. Carefully specified sheet linings of ferritic and duplex stainless steels, professionally installed in accordance with longstanding industry standards, are reliable and economical protective barriers, especially compared with weld overlay, in many applications in modern pulp
Case studies on sugar production from underutilized woody biomass using sulfite chemistry
Authors: ZHU J.Y. , CHANDRA M. SUBHOSH , GLEISNER ROLAND , GILLES WILLIAM , GAO JOHNWAY , MARRS GEVAN , ANDERSON DWIGHT , SESSIONS JOHN
Published: October 2019

We examined two case studies to demonstrate the advantages of sulfite chemistry for pretreating underutilized woody biomass to produce sugars through enzymatic saccharification. In the first case study, we evaluated knot rejects from a magnesium-based sulfite mill for direct enzymatic sugar production. We found that the sulfite mill rejects are an excellent feedstock for sugar production. In the second study, we presented SPORL (sulfite pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses), a sulfite pretreatment process based on modified sulfite pulping for robust bioconversion of softwood forest residues. Sulfite pulping technology is well developed, with proven commercial scalability, and sulfite pretreatment is a strong contender for commercial adoption.
SKRINING MALARIA PADA REMAJA DI SURABAYA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HAPUSAN DARAH
Authors: . Firdaus , . Handayani , Alamudi M. Yusuf
Published: October 2019

Abstrak: Malaria adalah penyakit infeksi disebabkan oleh parasit Plasmodium yang hidup danberkembang biak dalam sel darah merah manusia yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk malaria (Anopheles) betina. Malaria dapat menyerang semua orang: laki-laki ataupun perempuan dan pada semuagolongan umur: bayi, anak-anak atau orang dewasa. Sejak tahun 2000 kematian akibat malariasecara global telah menurun sekitar 60%, di mana 65% terjadi pada anak usia balita. Sekitar 3,2miliar penduduk (setengah dari populasi dunia) tinggal di daerah berisiko tertular malaria. Padatahun 2015, diperkirakan terdapat 214 juta kasus malaria, di mana 400 ribu kasus di antaranyamenjadi penyebab kematian. Di Indonesia sendiri terdapat 417.819 kasus positif malaria padatahun 2012 dan menurun hamper setengahnya pada tahun 2016 menjadi 218.450 kasus. Indonesiamengalami kemajuan dalam pemberantasan malaria, terlihat bahwa dari total 258,9 juta pendudukIndonesia pada tahun 2016 sejumlah 178,7 juta penduduk (69%) telah hidup di daerah bebas enularanmalaria, namun masih terdapat 16,5 juta penduduk tinggal di daerah risiko tinggi dan sedang.Dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya terjadi peningkatan presentasi, seiring dengan jumlah daerahkabupaten/kota yang telah mencapai eliminasi pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 247 kab./kota. Malariaselama kehamilan berkonsekuensi menyebabkan kesakitan, kematian, aborsi, kelahiran dini, beratbadan lahir rendah (mengacu pada penghambatan pertumbuhan intra-uterine dan prematuritas) dantransmisi transplacental dari parasit malaria. Infeksi malaria pada ibu hamil tidak hanya dapatmeningkatkan risiko anemia yang dapat meningkatkan risiko perdarahan saat persalinan, namunjuga meningkatkan risiko kematian bayi, prematuritas dan berat badan lahir rendah. Risiko terkenamalaria semakin meningkat terutama pada kehamilan trimester dua, ibu hamil memiliki risiko tigakali lebih besar untuk menderita penyakit parah lainnya bila terinfeksi malaria dibandingkan perempuan yang tidak sedang hamil. Kelompok remaja menjadi sangat penting karena mereka tidak lamalagi akan menikah dan mempunyai anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui infeksi malariapada remaja di surabaya berdasarkan metode hapusan darah tipis dan tebal. Penelitian ini dilakukandi pusat studi kesehatan pondok pesantren Universitas Nadhlatul Ulama Surabaya. Sebanyak 54remaja diuji dengan menggunakan metode hapusan darah tebal dan hapusan darah tipis. Dari penelitianyang dilakukan didapatkan 54 remaja di Surabaya negatif terhadap malaria dengan menggunakanmetode hapusan darah tebal dan hapusan darah tipis.
Контроль якості – запорука високої ефективності застосування озброєння та військової техніки
Authors: Сахно В. П.
Published: October 2019

У статті розглянуті питання необхідності перевірки якості засобів індивідуального і колективного захисту при поставці їх у війська, зазначені відповідні організації, що забезпечують необхідну перевірку, та вимоги до них, наведені можливості науково-випробувальної лабораторії НУОУ імені Івана Черняховського як однієї з лабораторій, здатних забезпечити перевірку якості засобів захисту відповідно до вимог вітчизняних і закордонних стандартів.
INFLUENCE OF PARAMETERS OF EXPLOSIVE DESTRUCTION OF MINING BLOCKS OF COMPLEX GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE ON THE PREPARATION OF THE MINING MASS FOR PROCESSING
Authors: Babii К.V.
Published: October 2019

Purpose: to investigate the influence of the parameters of explosive destruction of mining blocks of complex geological structure on the production processes of mining and processing of iron ore. Determine the stability of the escarpment slopes during excavation of rocks in ore mining blocks with barren layers.
Results. The analysis of geophysical methods for studying the structure of deposits. It is proposed to use the magnetic susceptibility method for well logging. The structure of mining blocks of a complex geological structure with contact zones "ore - host rocks" was investigated. It has been proven that for the effective use of equipment for the pre-enrichment of ore in a quarry there are conditions: the regulation of the granulometric composition of the rock mass and the reduction of ore splices with overburden rocks. It is proposed to use a charge design of an explosive with inert gaps or a charge section of a cumulative action in the explosive destruction of rocks with contact zones. The influence of parameters of explosive destruction of mining blocks of complex geological structure on the formation of technological complexes of ore beneficiation in quarries is established. The dependence of the factor of stability of slopes of slopes during excavation of rocks, depending on the geological parameters.
Scientific novelty. The regularities of changes in the parameters of the ore mass flow (medium piece and oversize) are established depending on the diameter of the drilling-blast wells, which allows you to adjust the particle size distribution.
Practical significance. Based on the established patterns and improvement of the design of well charges, their influence on the quality of the blown-up rock mass in the ledges of a complex geological structure has been substantiated, which makes it possible to form the corresponding technological complexes of ore dressing in quarries. The result is a significant increase in the productivity of the technological equipment of the mining enterprise and the profitability of iron ore mining.
Key words: quarry, ledge, complex geological structure, downhole charge structures, particle size distribution.
VAKA ÇALIŞMASI: Türkiye’de Yabancı Uyruklu Göçmen Öğrencilerin Türk Öğrencilere Karşı Duygusal Mesafe Durumlarının İncelenmesi: İstanbul-Avcılar Örneği
Authors: Büyükdağ Gülden , Gülper Mesut , Çelikçeken Sertaç
Published: October 2019

Bu çalışma; Türkiye’ye dış göçle gelen Irak, Afganistan, Yemen, Suriye, Azerbaycan, Rusya ve diğer (dış göçle Balkanlar ve Ortadoğu Ülkelerinden gelenler) yabancı uyruklu göçmen öğrencilerin Türk öğrencilere karşı duygusal mesafe durumlarını belirlemek üzere yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evreni 2018-2019 öğretim yılında İstanbul ili Avcılar ilçesinde resmi liselerde okuyan yabancı uyruklu göçmen öğrencilerdir. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise, 2018-2019 öğretim yılı İstanbul ili Avcılar ilçesindeki devlet okullarında okuyan 125 yabancı uyruklu göçmen öğrenci olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada yabancı uyruklu göçmen öğrencilerin Türk öğrencilere karşı duygusal mesafe düzeylerini belirlemek için Hasan Yılmaz tarafından geliştirilen Ötekine Karşı Duygusal Mesafe Ölçeği ve belirlenen bazı değişkenlere ilişkin verileri toplamak için araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modeliyle elde edilen bulgulardan dış göçle gelen yabancı uyruklu göçmen öğrencilerin Türk öğrencilere karşı duygusal yakınlık düzeyinde; cinsiyetlerine göre  kız öğrencilerin, sınıf düzeyine göre yüksek sınıf düzeyinde olanların, anne–baba eğitim düzeyine göre eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanların, televizyon izleme düzeyine göre Türkçe televizyon izleme süresi yüksek olanların lehine anlamlı farklılık  saptanmıştır.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHAnalysing Immigrant Students’ Emotional Distance To Turkish Students in Turkey: Case of Avcilar in İstanbulThe purpose of this study is to determine emotional distance states in high school students who emigrated to Turkey from Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen, Syria, Azerbaijan, Russia and Balkans and Middle Eastern countries towards Turkish students. The research universe consisted of the immigrant students who currently study in state high schools in Avcilar, Istanbul in 2018-2019 academic year. The scale of Emotional Distance towards the others was used to define the emotional distance states of the immigrant students towards Turkish students and a personal information form which was created by the researchers was used to collect data about some defined variables. The research sample included 125 immigrant students who were enrolled at state high schools in Avcılar in İstanbul in the 2018-2019 academic year. The difference between male and female immigrant students’ emotional proximity scores towards Turkish students were found to be statistically significant. It was also found that the immigrant female students’ emotional proximity levels were greater than immigrant male students’ emotional proximity levels. The females, the relativey better off, the children of relatively better educated parents, and those watching Turkish tv levels more were found to have significantly different than others.
A.Çağlar Deniz, Yusuf Ekinci, A.Banu Hülür, “Bizim Müstakbel Hep Harap Oldu” Suriyeli Sığınmacıların Gündelik Hayatı Antep-Kilis Çevresi
Authors: Kaşıkçı Kübra
Published: October 2019

A.Çağlar Deniz, Yusuf Ekinci, A.Banu Hülür, “Bizim Müstakbel Hep Harap Oldu” Suriyeli Sığınmacıların Gündelik Hayatı Antep-Kilis Çevresi, İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2016, 228 syf., ISBN: 978-605-399-463-3.
Effect of tamsulosin on lower urinary tract symptoms related to double-J ureteral stent: a randomised, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial
Authors: Guitynavard Fateme , Gooran Shahram , Kasiri Parvin , Gholipour Farshad , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
Published: October 2019

Objective: To evaluate the effect of tamsulosin on stent-related symptoms in patients undergoing double-J ureteral stenting.
Methods: and materials Seventy patients (47 men and 23 women; mean age 42.5 years) who underwent double-J stent placement in adjunct to urological surgery were prospectively randomised into two groups. Group 1 included 35 patients who received 0.4 mg of tamsulosin once daily for 4 weeks; group 2 included 35 patients who received a placebo for the same protocol. All patients were interviewed by the same physician about the frequency of stent-related symptoms at 4 weeks after stent insertion.
Results: Patients in group 1 showed a lower score for suprapubic pain during the filling phase and lower pain during sexual activity than group 2, although the overall pain score was not significantly different between two groups. The mean urinary urgency score was less in group 1 in comparison to the placebo group (p=0.030). No statistically significant differences were found between two groups concerning haematuria, urinary incontinence, frequency nor dysuria.
Conclusion: Tamsulosin improves symptoms associated with double-J ureteral stents, especially body pain during sexual activity.
Topological insulators based on HgTe
Authors: Kvon Z D , Kozlov D A , Olshanetsky E B , Gusev G M , Mikhailov N N , Dvoretsky S A
Published: October 2019

The most interesting experimental results obtained in studies of 2D and 3D topological insulators (TIs) based on HgTe quantum wells and films are reviewed. In the case of 2D TIs, these include the observation of nonlocal ballistic and diffusion transport, the magnetic breakdown of 2D TIs, and an anomalous temperature dependence of edge-channel resistance. In 3D TIs, a record-setting high mobility (up to 5 × 105 cm2 V−1 s−1) of surface two-dimensional Dirac fermions (DFs) has been attained. This enabled determining all the main TI parameters (the bulk gap and the density of DFs on both of its surfaces) and provided information on the phase of the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations of DFs, which indicates the rigid topological coupling between the fermion spin and momentum. Prospects for further research are discussed in the conclusion.
Evaluation of Bleeding Resistance in Chip Seal and Asphalt Emulsion Residue Rheology
Authors: Chaturabong Preeda
Published: October 2019

Chip seal bleeding is influenced by many factors, including design inputs, material properties, and project-specific conditions. It reduces the surface texture of the pavement and thus compromises the safety of the traveling public. Even though factors that bring about premature bleeding are known, currently, no laboratory test methods for evaluating bleeding in chip seals have been specified. The objective of this paper is to present the results of an investigation of the influence factors of asphalt emulsion residue properties measured by the ASTM D7405 multiple stress creep and recovery (MSCR) test, as well as other factors related to chip seal bleeding resistance as measured by the modified loaded wheel test (MLWT). In this study, the MSCR test was used as a tool for evaluating the performance of asphalt emulsions because it has been identified as a potential test related to bleeding in the field. In addition, MLWT was selected as a tool for evaluating chip seal bleeding performance in the laboratory. The results of the MLWT showed that the emulsion application rate (EAR), aggregate gradation, and emulsion properties were significant factors affecting bleeding. The MSCR test was found to be a promising tool for the performance evaluation of asphalt emulsion residue, as the test was able to differentiate between emulsion chemistries and modifications in terms of sensitivity to both temperature and stress. In relation to chip seal bleeding resistance, only the creep compliance (Jnr) obtained from the MSCR test results was identified as a significant property affecting potential for bleeding.
Lifestyles and Cycling Behavior—Data from a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Loidl Martin , Werner Christian , Heym Laura , Kofler Patrick , Innerebner Günther
Published: October 2019

Cycling experiences a remarkable renaissance as an everyday mode of transport and in an increasing number of cities, cycling substantially contributes to the overall traffic. However, cyclists are not a homogeneous group of road users, but very diverse in terms of behavior, motivators, and deterrents. In order to gain better insights into driving forces and behavior patterns of cyclists, we conducted an opt-in online survey, in which socio-demographic, lifestyle, and mobility behavior data were collected. In total, 1234 responses with a completion rate of 87% (1073 complete survey) were collected between 3 May and 3 June 2019. With reference to complete responses, the gender ratio is balanced (53% female) and the mean age is 42 (σ = 12.75). A relative majority of participants cycles frequently. The fully anonymized dataset contains 107 data points per response, including survey metadata.
The Iberian Peninsula’s Burning Heart—Long-Term Fire History in the Toledo Mountains (Central Spain)
Authors: Luelmo-Lautenschlaeger Reyes , Blarquez Olivier , Pérez-Díaz Sebastián , Morales-Molino César , López-Sáez José Antonio
Published: October 2019

Long-term fire ecology can help to better understand the major role played by fire in driving vegetation composition and structure over decadal to millennial timescales, along with climate change and human agency, especially in fire-prone areas such as the Mediterranean basin. Investigating past ecosystem dynamics in response to changing fire activity, climate, and land use, and how these landscape drivers interact in the long-term is needed for efficient nature management, protection, and restoration. The Toledo Mountains of central Spain are a mid-elevation mountain complex with scarce current anthropic intervention located on the westernmost edge of the Mediterranean basin. These features provide a perfect setting to study patterns of late Holocene fire activity and landscape transformation. Here, we have combined macroscopic charcoal analysis with palynological data in three peat sequences (El Perro, Brezoso, and Viñuelas mires) to reconstruct fire regimes during recent millennia and their linkages to changes in vegetation, land use, and climatic conditions. During a first phase (5000–3000 cal. BP) characterized by mixed oak woodlands and low anthropogenic impact, climate exerted an evident influence over fire regimes. Later, the data show two phases of increasing human influence dated at 3000–500 cal. BP and 500 cal. BP–present, which translated into significant changes in fire regimes increasingly driven by human activity. These results contribute to prove how fire regimes have changed along with human societies, being more related to land use and less dependent on climatic cycles.
A Patented Rapid Method for Identification of Italian Diatom Species
Authors: Puccinelli Camilla , Marcheggiani Stefania , Mancini Laura
Published: October 2019

The study of diatoms—unicellular algae of the class Bacillariophyceae—has several applications, first and foremost the evaluation of freshwater ecosystem quality according to the Water Frame Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD). Identification at the species level is a crucial step in diatom studies, considering that species belonging to the same genus have different geographical distributions and different ecological requirements. The Rapid Method for Identification of Italian Diatom Species is aimed at guiding users in the classification of freshwater diatom species. It consists of a digitized flow chart that leads, step by step, to the identification, starting with an image capture by light or electron microscopy. This rapid and easy tool could be useful to workers of an environmental agency when performing the operational monitoring required by the WFD to classify surface waters. It will also expand the application of diatoms in numerous fields. This method has been patented in Italy.
Adult E-Cigarettes Use Associated with a Self-Reported Diagnosis of COPD
Authors: Perez Mario F. , Atuegwu Nkiruka C. , Mead Erin L. , Oncken Cheryl , Mortensen Eric M.
Published: October 2019

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased in the US, but little is known about the effects of these products on lung health. The main purpose of this study was to examine the association between e-cigarette use and a participant’s report of being diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a nationally representative sample of adults. Methods: The first wave of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) survey adult data was used (N = 32,320). Potential confounders between e-cigarette users and non-users were balanced using propensity score matching. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to examine the association between e-cigarette use and COPD in the propensity-matched sample, the entire sample, different age groups, and in nonsmokers. Replicate weights and balanced repeated replication methods were utilized to account for the complex survey design. Results: Of the 3642 participants who met the criteria for e-cigarette use, 2727 were propensity matched with 2727 non e-cigarette users. In the propensity-matched sample, e-cigarette users were more likely to report being diagnosed with COPD (OR 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.85) than non-e-cigarette users after adjusting for confounders. The result was similar in the entire sample and in the different age subgroups. Among nonsmokers, the odds of reporting a COPD diagnosis were even greater among e-cigarette users (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.73–4.99) compared to non-e-cigarette users. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that e-cigarette use was associated with a reported diagnosis of COPD among adults in the US. Further research is necessary to characterize the nature of this association and on the long-term effects of using e-cigarettes.
Potential of Vibroacoustic Therapy in Persons with Cerebral Palsy: An Advanced Narrative Review
Authors: Kantor Jiří , Kantorová Lucia , Marečková Jana , Peng Danping , Vilímek Zdeněk
Published: October 2019

Vibroacoustic therapy (VAT) is a treatment method that uses sinusoidal low-frequency sound and music. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the effects of VAT on motor function in people with spastic cerebral palsy (CP) according to study design as well as providing information about the age of the participants, measurement tools, and sound frequencies that were used. The systematic search strategy based on the first two steps of a standard evidence-based approach were used: (1) formulation of a search question and (2) structured documented search including assessment of the relevance of abstracts and full texts to the search question and inclusion criteria. Out of 823 results of the search in 13 scholarly databases and 2 grey literature sources, 7 papers were relevant. Most of the relevant studies in children and adults presented significant improvement of motor function. According to the study design, only five experimental studies and two randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies were available. In the discussion, findings of this review are compared to other related methods that use mechanical vibrations without music. The authors recommend continuing to research the effects of VAT on motor function and spasticity in adolescents and young adults with spastic CP.
Informed Consent in the Newly Established Biobank
Authors: Kinkorová Judita , Topolčan Ondřej , Kučera Radek
Published: October 2019

Informed consent is an important document for every existing biobank or repository to obtain, store and use human biospecimens and associated data and information for current and future research. Biobanks have undergone great progress worldwide during the last three decades and have become an integral part of personalized medicine and health care systems and due to new scientific and social questions to be solved. Ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) guarantee safe sample and data management, and informed consent is one of the key ELSI documents. The form and the consent given in biobank informed consent forms differs between biobank-related institutions, national biobanks, between EU states, and to find the optimal informed consent requires one to fulfil national and international laws and regulations. The Biobank in Pilsen, Czech Republic was officially opened on April the 20th 2017 as a hospital-integrated biobank, and the informed consent was one of the essential documents that had to be ready prior the opening. The process of formulating informed consent corresponding with institutional, national, and international rules and laws to share the experience, to present the challenges, and to demonstrate the national dissimilarity are tasks of the article.
Design and Validation of an Instrument to Evaluate the Learning Acquired by Nursing Students from a Brief Tobacco Intervention (BTI-St©)
Authors: Ramos-Morcillo Antonio Jesús , Leal-Costa César , García-Moral Ana Teresa , del-Pino-Casado Rafael , Ruzafa-Martínez María
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to design and validate an instrument, based on the WHO 5As+5Rs model, to test the acquisition by nursing students of a brief tobacco intervention (BTI) learning. A validation design of an instrument following the criterion referenced tests model using videos of simulated BTIs in the primary care setting was carried out. The study included 11 experts in smoking prevention/care and 260 second-year nursing students. The study was in two stages: (1) selection and recording of clinical simulations (settings), and (2) test construction. Content was validated by applying the Delphi consensus technique and calculating the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI). A pilot test was conducted for item analysis. Reliability was evaluated as internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson [KR-20]) and test-retest temporal stability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]). Three simulation settings were recorded. An instrument (BTI-St®) was developed with 23 items for dichotomous (yes/no) response. CVR was >70% for all items, KR-20 of 0.81–0.88, and ICC between 0.68 and0.73 (p < 0.0001). The BTI-St® is a robust and reliable instrument that is easily and rapidly applied. It follows the WHO 5As+5Rs model and offers objective criterion-referenced evaluation of BTI learning in nursing students.
A Bespoke Social Network for Deaf Women in Ecuador to Access Information on Sexual and Reproductive Health
Authors: Robles-Bykbaev Yaroslava , Oyola-Flores Christian , Robles-Bykbaev Vladimir Espartaco , López-Nores Martín , Ingavélez-Guerra Paola , Pazos-Arias José Juan , Pesántez-Avilés Fernando , Ramos-Cabrer Manuel
Published: October 2019

Many deaf women face the lack of numerous resources related to their personal development. The unavailability of proper information on Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH), in particular, causes problems of sexually transmitted infections, unwanted pregnancy in adolescence, sexual violence, complications during pregnancy, etc. In response to this, we have created a social network that delivers SRH content (verified and validated by experts) to women with different degrees of hearing loss. The site features a recommender system that selects the most relevant pieces of content to deliver to each woman, driven by her individual preferences, needs and levels of knowledge on the different subjects. We report experiments conducted in Cuenca, Ecuador, between 2017 and 2018 with 98 volunteers from low- and middle-income settings, aiming to evaluate the quality and appeal of the contents, the coherence of the methodology followed to create them, and the effectiveness of the content recommendations. The positive results encourage the frequent creation of new content and the refinement of the recommendation logic as the cohort of users expands over time.
MicroRNA-29a Counteracts Glucocorticoid Induction of Bone Loss through Repressing TNFSF13b Modulation of Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Wu Re-Wen , Lian Wei-Shiung , Chen Yu-Shan , Kuo Chung-Wen , Ke Huei-Ching , Hsieh Chin-Kuei , Wang Shao-Yu , Ko Jih-Yang , Wang Feng-Sheng
Published: October 2019

Glucocorticoid excess escalates osteoclastic resorption, accelerating bone mass loss and microarchitecture damage, which ramps up osteoporosis development. MicroRNA-29a (miR-29a) regulates osteoblast and chondrocyte function; however, the action of miR-29a to osteoclastic activity in the glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic bone remains elusive. In this study, we showed that transgenic mice overexpressing an miR-29a precursor driven by phosphoglycerate kinase exhibited a minor response to glucocorticoid-mediated bone mineral density loss, cortical bone porosity and overproduction of serum resorption markers C-teleopeptide of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b levels. miR-29a overexpression compromised trabecular bone erosion and excessive osteoclast number histopathology in glucocorticoid-treated skeletal tissue. Ex vivo, the glucocorticoid-provoked osteoblast formation and osteoclastogenic markers (NFATc1, MMP9, V-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase II and cathepsin K) along with F-actin ring development and pit formation of primary bone-marrow macrophages were downregulated in miR-29a transgenic mice. Mechanistically, tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 13b (TNFSF13b) participated in the glucocorticoid-induced osteoclast formation. miR-29a decreased the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) enrichment in the TNFSF13b promoter and downregulated the cytokine production. In vitro, forced miR-29a expression and SOCS2 knockdown attenuated the glucocorticoid-induced TNFSF13b expression in osteoblasts. miR-29a wards off glucocorticoid-mediated excessive bone resorption by repressing the TNFSF13b modulation of osteoclastic activity. This study sheds new light onto the immune-regulatory actions of miR-29a protection against glucocorticoid-mediated osteoporosis.
Microstructural Evolution and Strengthening Mechanism of SiC/Al Composites Fabricated by a Liquid-Pressing Process and Heat Treatment
Authors: Shin Sangmin , Cho Seungchan , Lee Donghyun , Kim Yangdo , Lee Sang-Bok , Lee Sang-Kwan , Jo Ilguk
Published: October 2019

Aluminum alloy (Al7075) composites reinforced with a high volume fraction of silicon carbide (SiC) were produced by a liquid-pressing process. The characterization of their microstructure showed that SiC particles corresponding to a volume fraction greater than 60% were uniformly distributed in the composite, and Mg2Si precipitates were present at the interface between the matrix and the reinforcement. A superior compressive strength (1130 MPa) was obtained by an effective load transfer to the hard ceramic particles. After solution heat treatment and artificial aging, the Mg2Si precipitates decomposed from rod-shaped large particles to smaller spherical particles, which led to an increase of the compressive strength by more than 200 MPa. The strengthening mechanism is discussed on the basis of the observed microstructural evolution.
Controlling Fluid Diffusion and Release through Mixed-Molecular-Weight Poly(ethylene) Glycol Diacrylate (PEGDA) Hydrogels
Authors: O’Donnell Kieran , Boyd Adrian , Meenan Brian J.
Published: October 2019

Due to their inherent ability to swell in the presence of aqueous solutions, hydrogels offer a means for the delivery of therapeutic agents in a range of applications. In the context of designing functional tissue-engineering scaffolds, their role in providing for the diffusion of nutrients to cells is of specific interest. In particular, the facility to provide such nutrients over a prolonged period within the core of a 3D scaffold is a critical consideration for the prevention of cell death and associated tissue-scaffold failure. The work reported here seeks to address this issue via fabrication of hybrid 3D scaffolds with a component fabricated from mixed-molecular-weight hydrogel formulations capable of storing and releasing nutrient solutions over a predetermined time period. To this end, poly(ethylene) glycol diacrylate hydrogel blends comprising mixtures of PEGDA-575 Mw and PEGDA-2000 Mw were prepared via UV polymerization. The effects of addition of the higher-molecular-weight component and the associated photoinitiator concentration on mesh size and corresponding fluid permeability have been investigated by diffusion and release measurements using a Theophylline as an aqueous nutrient model solution. Fluid permeability across the hydrogel films has also been determined using a Rhodamine B solution and associated fluorescence measurements. The results indicate that addition of PEGDA-2000 Mw to PEGDA-575 Mw coupled with the use of a specific photoinitiator concentration provides a means to change mesh size in a hydrogel network while still retaining an overall microporous material structure. The range of mesh sizes created and their distribution in a 3D construct provides for the conditions required for a more prolonged nutrient release profile for tissue-engineering applications.