bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thrombosis of mechanical mitral valve prosthesis during pregnancy: An ongoing “saga” in need of comprehensive solutions
Authors: Mahgoub Ahmed , Kotit Susy , Bakry Karim , Magdy Ahmed , Hosny Hatem , Yacoub Magdi
Published: February 2021

Emergency treatment for thrombosed mechanical valve prothesis during pregnancy is not uncommon in low- and middle-income countries. The presence of a mechanical valve continues to be an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. There is a pressing need for increasing awareness and feasible solutions for this huge problem. We here describe four patients who needed emergency treatment for thrombosis of mechanical valve prothesis during pregnancy and review the evolving comprehensive strategies for dealing with this issue.
Late embolisation of an atrial septal occluder device in the abdominal aorta
Authors: Özdemir Emre , Nazlı Cem
Published: February 2021

Percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect (sASD) - which is the most common in adult congenital heart disease - is considered to be the first treatment option but can involve early and late complications. We report on the late embolization of a device to the abdominal aorta, 12 months after successful percutaneous closure of sASD. A 63-year-old woman, who suffered from stomach ache, was found to have an ASD occluder device in her abdominal aorta.Although surgical intervention to remove the embolisation may be considered, medical follow-up and re-intervention of percutaneous closure may be feasible for inappropriate cases.
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering therapy for the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Patel Parth N , Giugliano Robert P
Published: February 2021

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is highly prevalent and a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Elevated blood cholesterol is a key driver of risk for atherosclerotic events, and patients with established ASCVD comprise a specific high-risk population in which low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering therapy is strongly endorsed by multiple guidelines. An increasing number of medications across several pharmacologic classes are available today in clinical practice. Therefore, guidance on the appropriate use of these interventions is necessary for cost-effective solutions to managing residual atherothrombotic risk. In this review we summarize the key evidence supporting LDL-C lowering as described in the most recent 2018 multi-society Blood Cholesterol Guidelines, and provide a framework for optimizing LDL-C lowering therapy in secondary prevention populations.
On Chow-weight homology of motivic complexes and its relation to motivic homology
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bondarko Mikhail V. , Kumallagov David Z. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2021

In this paper we study in detail the so-called Chow-weight homology of Voevodsky motivic complexes and relate it to motivic homology. We generalize earlier results and prove that the vanishing of higher motivic homology groups of a motif M implies similar vanishing for its Chow-weight homology along with effectivity properties of the higher terms of its weight complex t(M) and of higher Deligne weight quotients of its cohomology. Applying this statement to motives with compact support we obtain a similar relation between the vanishing of Chow groups and the cohomology with compact support of varieties. Moreover, we prove that if higher motivic homology groups of a geometric motif or a variety over a universal domain are torsion (in a certain “range”) then the exponents of these groups are uniformly bounded. To prove our main results we study Voevodsky slices of motives. Since the slice functors do not respect the compactness of motives, the results of the previous Chow-weight homology paper are not sufficient for our purposes; this is our main reason to extend them to (wChow-bounded below) motivic complexes
On the Cauchy problem with an initial point lying on the boundary of ordinary differential equation’s domain of definition
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Basov Vladimir V. , Iljin Yurii A. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2021

In this paper we investigate the existence of solution of the initial-value problem with an initial point located at the boundary of the domain of definition for the first-order differential equation. This initial-value problem differs from the one accepted in classical theory, where the initial point is always internal for domain. Our aim is to find such conditions for the right-hand side of the equation and the boundary that would guarantee the existence or absence of this solution. In its previous article the authors used the standard Euler polygonal line method to solve this problem and described all cases when this method is used to get the desired answer. The polygonal line method, having certain advantages (constructibility, the ability to use a computer), requires for its implementation that both the equation and the domain of its definition meet certain restrictions, which inevitably narrows the class of acceptable equations. In this paper, we attempt to maximize the results obtained earlier, and for this purpose we use a completely different approach. The original equation is extended in such a way that the boundary initial-value problem becomes an ordinary internal initial-value problem, for which the standard Peano theorem is applied. To answer the question whether the solution of the modified initial-value problem is also the solution of the original boundary initial-value problem, so-called comparison theorems and differential inequalities are applied. This article is an independent study, not based on our previous work. For the sake of completeness, new proofs are given for previously obtained results, which are based on a new approach. As a result, we expanded the class of equations under consideration, removed the previous requirements for convexity and smoothness of boundary curves, and added cases that could not be considered using the polygonal line method. This work closes a certain gap that exists in the literature on the existence or absence of solutions to the boundary initial-value problem.
Discretization of the parking problem
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kryukov Nikolai А.
Published: February 2021

The present work consider a natural discretization of R´enyi’s so-called “parking problem”. Let l, n, i be integers satisfying l ≥ 2, n ≥ 0 and 0 ≤ i ≤ n − l. We place an open interval (i, i + l) in the segment [0, n] with i being a random variable taking values 0, 1, 2, . . . , n − l with equal probability for all n ≥ l. If n < l we say that the interval does not fit. After placing the first interval two free segments [0, i] and [i + l, n] are formed and independently filled with the intervals of length l according to the same rule, etc. At the end of the filling process the distance between any two adjacent unit intervals is at most l−1. Let ξn,l denote the cumulative length of the intervals placed. The asymptotics behavior of expectations of the aforementioned random sequence have already been studied. This contribution has an aim to continue this investigation and establish the behavior of variances of the same sequence.
Specific Features of Management in Setting-Up and Developing Nich Organizations
Authors: Kazantseva S. Yu.
Published: February 2021

The article studies general and particular characteristics of two Russian companies functioning in the segment of organic food. The author analyzed companies ‘VkusVill’ and ‘EcoNiva’, one of them is a trade company and the other is an agro-industrial company, which lately is moving towards retail. Aspects dealing with cooperation of these companies were investigated. Special attention was paid to key stages of the companies’ development in order to show the sequence of steps during setting-up and developing operations being analyzed. The role of individual in developing business was demonstrated. These companies are characterized by the fact that their founders are strong and creative personalities, who have been executives since companies’ setting-up to the present moment. The author studied the stages of companies’ development in parallel with stages of professional and personality growth of their leaders. This article can be interesting for entrepreneurs, who plan to do business in the sphere of healthy food both as producers and retailers.
Contradictory Nature of Banks and its Overcoming in Conditions of Today’s Cash System
Authors: Kropin Yu. A.
Published: February 2021

Topicality of the article can be explained by internal contradictory nature in today’s banking system structure, which impedes economic development of the country and thus should be overcome. Now the banking system belongs simultaneously to different structural parts of market. On the one hand, it forms an immanent element of the cash system, within the frames of which there can be no competition. On the other hand, it is included in national economy, where competitive relations are inalienable. The goal of the research is to identify this contradiction and to show the way of its overcoming in conditions of today’s cash system. The article used methods from general to particular, deduction and induction, unity of historical and logical and others. As a result the author came to the conclusion that contradictory nature of banks impeding the economic development of the country can be overcome by differentiating them in those, which will form the constitutional element of the cash system of the country and those, which will function as ordinary companies competing with each other in different lines and striving for growth by gaining profits.
Dynamics of Developing Food and Customer Goods Delivery Market During Last Three Years
Authors: Shchegolev V. A.
Published: February 2021

Global pandemic of the corona-virus infection caused serious changes in economy of all countries of the world having brought many sectors of market to the deadlock. Food and customer goods are essential for life and health of people everywhere and in the Russian Federation as well. Delivery of orders made by the Internet became a retail trend in 2020, as the Internet during the quarantine was the only channel of safe sale. On-line retail sale of food and customer goods became very convenient for customers, thus it is necessary to search for ways of its support and optimization. The key goal of the research is to find out the most efficient method aimed at optimization of food and customer goods on-line retail market in today’s conditions. To reach this goal the author used the analytical method of research. On the basis of statistics the fundamental line in optimizing food on-line retail and delivery in it was identified – Dark stores. The author shows main advantages of introducing this method of optimization and estimates figures for the future.
Informal Employment Impact on Social and Economic Development of Russian Federation Entities
Authors: Dubravskaya E. I.
Published: February 2021

To make managerial decisions on labour market regulation on the regional level it is necessary to have an objective statistic estimation of interconnection between informal employment and indicators of social and economic development. The article describes preconditions of forming a complex system of indicators on the basis of documents of strategic planning and analysis of works by Russian and overseas researchers dealing with issues of informal employment. Informal employment is an independent field of research that attracts scientists from different spheres and disciplines: from economics and anthropology to gender research, politology, sociology and city planning. Due to the fact that sizes and composition of informal employment, causes of its arising and consequences, lines of impact and interconnection with other figures are different, the author took analysis of documents of strategic planning and goals of national development of the Russian Federation up to 2024 as a starting point for shaping the structure of the system of indicators. In the research indicators of social and economic development were grouped by blocks corresponding to lines in national projects and supplemented by the block of indicators characterizing the macro-economic situation. This categorization based on priorities of national development fosters conclusion drawing with due regard to human capital, comfortable environment for life and economic growth.
Reproductive Health Rights and Indicators
Authors: Lee So-Young , Oh Soo-Young , Sohn In-Sook
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to review the definitions of reproductive health rights, investigate reproductive health status, and suggest policy strategies to promote reproductive health in Korea. Current laws, the Constitution of the World Health Organization, works from Guttmacher-Lancet Commission on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, the Program of Action of the International Conference on Population Development, the Nairobi Statement on ICPD25, and the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women were reviewed to define reproductive health rights. The reproductive health status focusing on high-risk pregnancy was analyzed. Definitions of reproductive health rights include the right of every person to have lifetime access to the information, resources, services, and support needed to achieve bodily integrity, privacy and personal autonomy regarding their reproductive health. Most indices of reproductive health in Korea analyzed here are and would remain negative. Reproductive health should be approached from the perspectives of rights. We should continuously monitor the indicators of reproductive health and policies corresponding to low fertility rates in Korea should focus on improving women’s reproductive health. This suggests support for obstetrics and gynecology check-ups and treatments before pregnancy and postpartum care, the provision of education on the importance of prepregnancy health care for men and women and comprehensive information and counseling services. It is also necessary to establish a delivery infrastructure for safe pregnancy and childbirth and unify governmental ministries related to pregnancy and childbirth.
Infant Mother’s Experiences with the Sustained Nurse Home-Visiting Program
Authors: June Kyung Ja , Lee Ji Yun , Cho Sung-Hyun
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of mothers of infants who received sustained nurse home visiting services. The program of sustained home visit by nurses (Seoul Maternal Early Childhood Sustained Home-Visiting Program) is an intervention program. Its effectiveness has been verified in Australia, where services are provided to families in a vulnerable families during the period from prenatal period until the newborn is 2 years old.Methods: The study protocol used qualitative approaches. Eleven mothers of infants who received nursing services in December 2015 were invited for an in-depth interview. The data collected were subjected to directed content analysis.Results: The following 4 themes were identified from the analysis: (1) reduction in suspicion and increased feeling of benefit from the visiting service, (2) emotional support to the parents and use of community resources, (3) reliance on friendly nurses, and (4) gaining confidence about parenting and motherhood.Conclusion: Sustained nursing home visiting services can be applied effectively in South Korea. The concrete narrations and descriptions of the experiences of mothers in this study can be used as a base for education, practice, and research.
Comparison of Pregnancy Prognosis for Gestational Diabetes Diagnosed by the 1-Step and 2-Step Methods
Authors: Park Sunwha , Lee Ju Hye , Kim Bo Ra , Park Mi Hye , Kim Young Ju
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To compare pregnancy complications between the 2 groups of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): those diagnosed by the 1-step method and those diagnosed by the 2-step method.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the data from outpatient and hospitalization medical records of 201 patients diagnosed with GDM between 2013 and 2017 were reviewed. We compared the pregnancy complications of these patients based on whether they were diagnosed by the 1-step or 2-step method. SPSS ver. 20.0 was used to analyze the data from the 2 groups. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of the pregnancy outcomes were estimated using binary logistic regression analysis.Results: On comparing pregnancy-related complications between the groups, there was no significant difference in the incidence of preeclampsia or delivery by cesarean section (p>0.99 and p=0.50, respectively). In the 1-step and 2-step groups, the prevalence of premature birth was significantly high at 19.7 % and 40.3% (p=0.01), respectively. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA), small for gestational age (SGA), low APGAR score, and neonatal hypoglycemia (p>0.99, p>0.26, p>0.62, p>0.57, and p>0.45, respectively).Conclusion: On comparing the 2 groups, we found that the 1-step and 2-step GDM groups had similar risks of pregnancy complications, namely preeclampsia, delivery by cesarean section, macrosomia, LGA, SGA, low APGAR scores, and neonatal hypoglycemia.
Development and Effect of a Behavior Program for Reducing Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Unmarried Women
Authors: Kim Hye Jin , Choi So Young
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a behavior program for reducing exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), thereby to improve perceived benefits and self-efficacy as well as reduce the perceived barriers and prevalence of dysmenorrhea in unmarried women.Methods: The study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Participants were randomly assigned to an experiment (n=18) or control group (n=18). The behavior program for reducing exposure to EDCs was developed based on Pender's health promotion model and previous research results. The program was conducted for 12 weeks, consisting of 4 weeks of face-to-face intervention and 8 weeks of mobile intervention.Results: The behavior program we developed was verified as an effective intervention that could improve the perceived benefits and self-efficacy of reducing one's exposure to EDCs. It also decreases the perceived barriers and prevalence of dysmenorrhea in unmarried women.Conclusion: Our results showed that the program was an effective nursing intervention in unmarried women. Therefore, this behavior program for reducing exposure to EDCs can be applied in the context of unmarried women.
The Effects of Peat-Pack Poultice and Salt Groundwater Foot Bath in Taean-gun on Depression and Pain in Single Parent Family
Authors: Park Hyun-Jung , Kong Eun-Bi , Hong Sung-Hoon , Lee Ah-Young , Lee Sung-Jae , Hong Soon-Cheol
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Studies have reported on treating various diseases with marine healing, but not the effects of marine healing on depression, anxiety, and pain in single-parent families. This study aimed to evaluate the scientific efficacy of treatment using peat-pack poultice and salt groundwater and evaluate its effects on depression, anxiety, and pain in single-parent families.Methods: For 26 women of single-parent families, peat-pack thermal therapy and salt-water foot baths were performed daily for 4 days. Of the 26 subjects, three dropped out and 23 were enrolled in the study. The depression and pain results were compared before versus after the peat-pack poultice and salt groundwater treatments. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and visual analog scale (VAS) pain score were evaluated.Results: In Taean-gun, a peat-pack poultice and salt groundwater foot bath program were administered along with a questionnaire for depression, anxiety, and pain. Mean Edinburgh score was significantly improved after the program (11.78±7.6 vs. 9.7±7.6, p=0.005), mean HADS anxiety score (7±9.7 vs. 5.3± 2.7, p=0.002) and mean VAS pain score also improved (5.39±2.8 vs. 3.96±2.7, p=0.003).Conclusion: Peat-pack thermal therapy and salt groundwater foot bath improved chronic pain, depression, and anxiety in single-parent families.
Effect of Maternal Age, Parity and Placental Weight on Birth Weight in Otanaha Hospital, Gorontalo City
Authors: Rasyid Puspita Sukmawaty , Yulianingsih Endah
Published: February 2021

Birth weight is an indicator of fetal growth whether healthy or experiencing problems during the womb. Low birth weight (LBW) has an effect on high infant morbidity and mortality rates. Data obtained from the delivery room of the Otanaha Hospital showed the prevalence of LBW births in 2018 was 1.83% and had increased in 2019 to 3.25%. The factors that influence birth weight included the age of the mother, parity and weight of the placenta. The research objective was to determine the effect of maternal age, parity and placental weight on birth weight at the Otanaha Hospital, Gorontalo City. This research type was analytic observation with cross sectional study approach. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling technique with a total of 60 respondents.The data analysis used was the Chi-Square statistical test. The results of the univariate analysis of 60 respondents showed that the age group without risk was 42 (70.0%), parity without risk was 41 (68.3%), normal placental weight was 31 (51.7%) and normal birth weight was 46 (76.7%). Bivariate analysis showed the variable maternal age and parity with p-value 0.065 and 0.526 (p> 0.05) and placental weight variable with p-value 0.000 (p <0.05). The conclusion of the study showed that maternal age and parity had no effect on birth weight, while placental weight had an effect on birth weight of infants at Otanaha Hospital, Gorontalo City.
Perineal Wound Identification With Maternity Cool Gel Pad (MCGP) Care Interventions
Authors: Girsang Bina Melvia , Elfira Eqlima , Siregar Farida Linda Sari
Published: February 2021

Postpartum mothers with an indication of episiotomy will experience a higher level of pain. This birth canal trauma is acute and is expected to recover in a short period of time, can be measured, and without serious complications. The aim of this study was to identify the healing process of postpartum maternal perineal wounds. The intervention was carried out on 31 postpartum mothers with the selection using purposive sampling technique. Maternity cool gel pad (MCGP) which was applied to the perineal wound care intervention on the 2nd and 3rd day after delivery showed the wound healing process was observed using the REEDA measuring instrument and analyzed using the T one sample test. The repair of the wound repair scale from the mean REEDA score (10.81 ± 2.98) occurred in all wounds of the study respondents at post intervention (5.32 ± 1.73). Maternity cool gel pad intervention assisted the wound healing process in post intervention data (P <0.005). The results of this study can be indicative of an inflammatory response locally in perineal wounds, but further research is needed to observe the impact of perineal wound healing with a combination of methods that can help evaluate the perineal wound repair process that can be done by mothers independently at home.
eHealth Intervention to Improve Health Habits in the Adolescent Population: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Benavides Carmen , Benítez-Andrades José Alberto , Marqués-Sánchez Pilar , Arias Natalia
Published: February 2021

Background

Technology has provided a new way of life for the adolescent population. Indeed, strategies aimed at improving health-related behaviors through digital platforms can offer promising results. However, since it has been shown that peers are capable of modifying behaviors related to food and physical exercise, it is important to study whether digital interventions based on peer influence are capable of improving the weight status of adolescents.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an eHealth app in an adolescent population in terms of improvements in their age- and sex-adjusted BMI percentiles. Other goals of the study were to examine the social relationships of adolescents pre- and postintervention, and to identify the group leaders and study their profiles, eating and physical activity habits, and use of the web app.

Methods

The BMI percentiles were calculated in accordance with the reference guidelines of the World Health Organization. Participants’ diets and levels of physical activity were assessed using the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire and the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), respectively. The variables related to social networks were analyzed using the social network analysis (SNA) methodology. In this respect, peer relationships that were considered reciprocal friendships were used to compute the “degree” measure, which was used as an indicative parameter of centrality.

Results

The sample population comprised 210 individuals in the intervention group (IG) and 91 individuals in the control group (CG). A participation rate of 60.1% (301/501) was obtained. After checking for homogeneity between the IG and the CG, it was found that adolescents in the IG at BMI percentiles both below and above the 50th percentile (P50) modified their BMI to approach this reference value (with a significance of P<.001 among individuals with an initial BMI below the P50 and P=.04 for those with an initial BMI above the P50). The diet was also improved in the IG compared with the CG (P<.001). After verifying that the social network had increased postintervention, it was seen that the group leaders (according to the degree SNA measure) were also leaders in physical activity performed (P=.002) and use of the app.

Conclusions

The eHealth app was able to modify behaviors related to P50 compliance and exert a positive influence in relation to diet and physical exercise. Digital interventions in the adolescent population, based on the improvement in behaviors related to healthy habits and optimizing the social network, can offer promising results that help in the fight against obesity.
Subspace Clustering of Physiological Data From Acute Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: Retrospective Analysis Based on the PROTECT III Trial
Authors: Ehsani Sina , Reddy Chandan K , Foreman Brandon , Ratcliff Jonathan , Subbian Vignesh
Published: February 2021

Background

With advances in digital health technologies and proliferation of biomedical data in recent years, applications of machine learning in health care and medicine have gained considerable attention. While inpatient settings are equipped to generate rich clinical data from patients, there is a dearth of actionable information that can be used for pursuing secondary research for specific clinical conditions.

Objective

This study focused on applying unsupervised machine learning techniques for traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is the leading cause of death and disability among children and adults aged less than 44 years. Specifically, we present a case study to demonstrate the feasibility and applicability of subspace clustering techniques for extracting patterns from data collected from TBI patients.

Methods

Data for this study were obtained from the Progesterone for Traumatic Brain Injury, Experimental Clinical Treatment–Phase III (PROTECT III) trial, which included a cohort of 882 TBI patients. We applied subspace-clustering methods (density-based, cell-based, and clustering-oriented methods) to this data set and compared the performance of the different clustering methods.

Results

The analyses showed the following three clusters of laboratory physiological data: (1) international normalized ratio (INR), (2) INR, chloride, and creatinine, and (3) hemoglobin and hematocrit. While all subclustering algorithms had a reasonable accuracy in classifying patients by mortality status, the density-based algorithm had a higher F1 score and coverage.

Conclusions

Clustering approaches serve as an important step for phenotype definition and validation in clinical domains such as TBI, where patient and injury heterogeneity are among the major reasons for failure of clinical trials. The results from this study provide a foundation to develop scalable clustering algorithms for further research and validation.
Use of Physiological Data From a Wearable Device to Identify SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Symptoms and Predict COVID-19 Diagnosis: Observational Study
Authors: Hirten Robert P , Danieletto Matteo , Tomalin Lewis , Choi Katie Hyewon , Zweig Micol , Golden Eddye , Kaur Sparshdeep , Helmus Drew , Biello Anthony , Pyzik Renata , Charney Alexander , Miotto Riccardo , Glicksberg Benjamin S , Levin Matthew , Nabeel Ismail , Aberg Judith , Reich David , Charney Dennis , Bottinger Erwin P , Keefer Laurie , Suarez-Farinas Mayte , Nadkarni Girish N , Fayad Zahi A
Published: February 2021

Background

Changes in autonomic nervous system function, characterized by heart rate variability (HRV), have been associated with infection and observed prior to its clinical identification.

Objective

We performed an evaluation of HRV collected by a wearable device to identify and predict COVID-19 and its related symptoms.

Methods

Health care workers in the Mount Sinai Health System were prospectively followed in an ongoing observational study using the custom Warrior Watch Study app, which was downloaded to their smartphones. Participants wore an Apple Watch for the duration of the study, measuring HRV throughout the follow-up period. Surveys assessing infection and symptom-related questions were obtained daily.

Results

Using a mixed-effect cosinor model, the mean amplitude of the circadian pattern of the standard deviation of the interbeat interval of normal sinus beats (SDNN), an HRV metric, differed between subjects with and without COVID-19 (P=.006). The mean amplitude of this circadian pattern differed between individuals during the 7 days before and the 7 days after a COVID-19 diagnosis compared to this metric during uninfected time periods (P=.01). Significant changes in the mean and amplitude of the circadian pattern of the SDNN was observed between the first day of reporting a COVID-19–related symptom compared to all other symptom-free days (P=.01).

Conclusions

Longitudinally collected HRV metrics from a commonly worn commercial wearable device (Apple Watch) can predict the diagnosis of COVID-19 and identify COVID-19–related symptoms. Prior to the diagnosis of COVID-19 by nasal swab polymerase chain reaction testing, significant changes in HRV were observed, demonstrating the predictive ability of this metric to identify COVID-19 infection.
Use of a Virtual Reality Simulator for Tendon Repair Training: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Mok Tsz-Ngai , Chen Junyuan , Pan Jinghua , Ming Wai-Kit , He Qiyu , Sin Tat-Hang , Deng Jialin , Li Jieruo , Zha Zhengang
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND

Virtual reality (VR) simulators have become widespread tools for training medical students and residents in medical schools. Students using VR simulators are provided with a 3D human model to observe the details by using multiple senses and they can participate in an environment that is similar to reality.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to promote a new approach consisting of a shared and independent study platform for medical orthopedic students, to compare traditional tendon repair training with VR simulation of tendon repair, and to evaluate future applications of VR simulation in the academic medical field.

METHODS

In this study, 121 participants were randomly allocated to VR or control groups. The participants in the VR group studied the tendon repair technique via the VR simulator, while the control group followed traditional tendon repair teaching methods. The final assessment for the medical students involved performing tendon repair with the “Kessler tendon repair with 2 interrupted tendon repair knots” (KS) method and the “Bunnell tendon repair with figure 8 tendon repair” (BS) method on a synthetic model. The operative performance was evaluated using the global rating scale.

RESULTS

Of the 121 participants, 117 participants finished the assessment and 4 participants were lost to follow-up. The overall performance (a total score of 35) of the VR group using the KS method and the BS method was significantly higher (P<.001) than that of the control group. Thus, participants who received VR simulator training had a significantly higher score on the global rating scale than those who received traditional tendon repair training (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study shows that compared with the traditional tendon repair method, the VR simulator for learning tendon suturing resulted in a significant improvement of the medical students in the time in motion, flow of operation, and knowledge of the procedure. Therefore, VR simulator development in the future would most likely be beneficial for medical education and clinical practice.

CLINICALTRIAL

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100046648; http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=90180
Determinan Perilaku Merokok Keluarga Penerima Manfaat PKH di Kecamatan Kembangan Jakarta Barat Tahun 2019
Authors: Hariyati Rini , Pujiyanto Pujiyanto , Hidayat Budi
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) is a strategic government program that wants to help the poor meet their health needs. However, there are still PKH beneficiaries who do not understand the health mission of this program. This study intends to explore smoking behavior among PKH families beneficiaries and whether program providers pay attention to promoting healthy living for their beneficiaries. Method: This study uses primary data with cross-sectional design and multiple logistic regression. The number of samples analyzed was 379 households in the Kembangan Region of West Jakarta. Results: Eighty-two percent of PKH recipients were smokers. The four variables related to smoking are low education, low income, smoking psychological dependence, and socially motivated smoking. The psychological and social factors of smoking were among strong predictors and deserve attention in the PKH program. Conclusion: The long-term goal of PKH is to improve the health quality. Smoking reduces the health quality of PKH beneficiaries. The Ministry of Social Affairs needs to coordinate with the Ministry of Health to make this program an entry point for the movement of healthy living in PKH recipient families.
Global trade and health: an Indonesian perspective on the asean medical device directive policy
Authors: Hidayati Nurul , Almasdy Dedy , Putra Abdi Setya
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Health care equipment international trade could serve a new strategic revenue for Indonesia. Since its implementation in 2015, AFTA has been a very strategic issue in creating export opportunities for its member countries. One of the sectors that becomes a priority for ASEAN integration is in the field of medical devices which is regulated in the ASEAN Medical Device Directive (AMDD) policy. Indonesia itself has officially ratified AMDD policy since 2018, but Indonesia will have been facing the problem of quality, innovation and diversification of medical devices. This study examines the competitiveness opportunities for domestic medical devices in ASEAN Free Trade Area. Method: This study used a qualitative method where information was obtained from in-depth interviews and document review. The informants came from policy makers, implementing officers, and stakeholders. Results: Indonesia has harmonized 26 out of 31 standards mandated by AMDD. Conformity assessment bodies in Indonesia that have been certified by the National Accreditation Committee have received international recognition. Indonesia has many potential exporting innovative medical devices to ASEAN countries. Fulfillment of medical devices is carried out through compulsory licensing and parallel import mechanism.
Osmotic adaptation of nucleus pulposus cells: the role of aquaporin 1, aquaporin 4 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4
Authors:   Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK, Snuggs JW , Bunning RAD , Le Maitre CL
Published: February 2021

The microenvironment of the nucleus pulposus is hyperosmotic and fluctuates diurnally due to mechanical loading. Changes in extracellular osmolality result in cell volume alterations, responsiveness to such changes is essential for cellular homeostasis. Aquaporins allow movement of water across cell membranes and control water permeability in response to osmotic gradients. Furthermore, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 has been shown to sense osmotic and mechanical stimuli resulting in changes to intracellular Ca2+. It has been shown previously that aquaporin 1 and 4 expression decreases during disc degeneration. Here, the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 by human nucleus pulposus cells during disc degeneration, and the roles of aquaporin 1, 4 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 in regulating responses to osmotic gradients was investigated. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 was expressed by the majority of human nucleus pulposus cells and not affected by disc degeneration. Aquaporin 4 staining co-localised with primary cilia. Nucleus pulposus cells modulated their rate of volume change, water permeability and Ca2+ influx in response to extracellular osmolality. These responses were inhibited by chemical inhibition of aquaporin 4, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4, and to a lesser extent aquaporin 1; suggesting that both aquaporins and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 play important roles in the fundamental adaptation of nucleus pulposus cells to their osmotic environment. Co-localisation with primary cilia indicates these proteins may function synergistically to achieve adaptation, which may be lost during disc degeneration, when aquaporin 1 and 4 expression is reduced.
Theoretical and experimental investigations on a rocket propulsion system of projectiles intended for vehicle active protection system
Authors: Surma Zbigniew , Leciejewski Zbigniew , Dzik Arkadiusz , Białek Marek
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the results of a research project carried out at the Military University of Technology aimed at designing a technology demonstrator of an active protection system – a smart counter-projectile for combating anti-tank missiles at a fixed distance from the protected object. Since the design of the counter-projectile head includes electronic components sensitive to high loads, a solid propellant rocket motor was used as the propulsion system. Based on the specification and requirements for the propulsion system, the propellant charge and nozzle dimensions were determined, and the performance properties of the designed system (chamber pressure, thrust with time and total thrust pulse), calculated. The tests and analyses were carried out using the known properties of homogenous solid rocket propellants manufactured in Poland. To verify the results of the theoretical analysis, experimental studies were carried out in collaboration with “GAMRAT” Sp. z o.o. Special Production Plant (Jasło, Poland) to validate the selected solid propellant and the initial assumptions made on the operation of the propulsion system of the designed counter-projectile.
Preliminary analysis of ballistic requirements for LOVA propellants for new generation tank ammunition
Authors: Fikus Bartosz , Leciejewski Zbigniew , Michalski Jakub , Surma Zbigniew , Trębiński Radosław
Published: February 2021

At the end of 2016, the Scientific-Industrial Consortium (Mesko S.A., Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa S.A., Warsaw University of Technology, Military University of Technology, Military Institute of Armament Technology) set up an R&D project to develop and manufacture a demonstrator of new generation critical components for a 120 mm Polish tank munition. The critical elements for the project included a combustible charge case, an insensitive propellant and tungsten rods for subcalibre projectiles. The task of the Military University of Technology was to develop the basic technology and fabricate insensitive LOVA propellants on a laboratory scale (research team of the Faculty of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry) and carry out the ballistic and simulation tests of a 120 mm tank gun using ammunition incorporating the developed LOVA propellant (research team of the Faculty of Mechatronics, Armamen and Aerospace).
The article also includes an analysis of available literature on energy and ballistic properties of LOVA and JA-2 propellants. Closed-vessel tests of JA-2 propellant (manufactured by Nitrochemie AG, designation LO5460) were also carried out. The tests were carried out in a 200 cm3 closed vessel. Based on the propellant gas pressure/time records, the propellant force and co-volume, and dynamic vivacity curves were determined. A linear combustion rate coefficient was determined using the measured results of the propellant grain geometry. The authors’ own data enabled the carrying out of preliminary simulation tests of the 120 mm propellant system.
IMPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF MIGRANT WORKERS AND MEMBERS OF THEIR FAMILIES IN LAW NO. 18 OF 2017 IN AN EFFORT TO PROTECT INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS ABROAD
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad , Wiryani Fifik
Published: February 2021

The imbalance between the number of labor force and the number of jobs makes employment opportunities abroad one of solution to reduce unemployment. Indonesia has established regulations relating to the placement of Indonesian Migrant Workers  through Law Number 18 of 2017 concerning Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers. Meanwhile, long before the formation of this law, an international agreement was made regarding the protection of migrant workers and their families through the International Convention On The Protection Of The Rights Of All Migrant Workers And Members Of Their Families which was initiated on 18 December 1990 in New York, United States. In this research, an assessment of Law no. 18 of 2017 concerning the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers against compliance with the principles contained in the International Convention On The Protection Of The Rights Of All Migrant Workers And Members Of Their Families was carried out. From the research, it is found that the Convention has been able to influence the legal norms in Law no. 18 of 2017 with the strengthening of human values through the principles and the existence of Indonesian Migrant Workers rights which do not only regulate Indonesian Migrant Workers themselves  but also related to their family rights.
PENERAPAN THRESHOLD DALAM PEMILU MENURUT PERSPEKTIF GUSTAV RADBRUCH DAN HANS KELSEN
Authors: Al-Fatih Sholahuddin
Published: February 2021

This study tries to discuss the tensions that occur between legal experts in formulating basic values that become the right legal objectives. Figures that are used as a comparison in the perspective of this legal objective are Gustav Radbruch and Hans Kelsen. Through a conceptual and case approach, this study tries to examine the concept of law based on contextual cases that occur in society, namely the application of the threshold in elections. In this study, the application of the threshold in elections is used as a measuring tool to determine legal objectives as stated by Gustav Radbruch and Hans Kelsen. The results of this study indicate that Gustav Radbruch sees and tends to the value of justice as a legal goal, like what Hans Kelsen found. The difference between Gustav Radburch's justice and Hans Kelsen lies in how to measure and realize this justice. This research is expected to be able to help academics and legal practitioners to dig deeper into the philosophical objectives of law in order to create laws that can answer the needs of society.
WORKERS’ RIGHTS, WELFARE, AND GOVERNANCE: INSIGHTS FROM A MANGO INDUSTRY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Sacramento Noe John Joseph Endencio
Published: February 2021

Major concerns centered on the governance of the working sector stems from issues and challenges confronted in the protection of workers’ rights and welfare. This case study discusses the challenges faced by the workers in the Guimaras mango industry and the role of the local government in addressing the gaps in the protection of the workers’ rights and welfare. Findings from the 35 key informant interview with the workers show that there are major gaps concerning workers’ rights and welfare that still needs to address despite the efforts of the government to provide the necessary program, projects, and legislation for the industry. The local government has pursued public services on agricultural support and mechanisms for addressing some of the needs of the mango producers and local legislations on mango production, harvesting, and consumption to protect them and the industry. Major workers’ rights and welfare concerns are mainly on hazardous and dangerous work practices, the undependability of the mango industry as a primary source of income, low wage, and the unstable contractual-hiring of mango workers during the mango season— all have to undermine just to meet the supply needed as demanded by the market. To infer, the workers are essential key players of the mango industry; thus, their rights and welfare need to be appropriately protected. In addressing social justice, fairness, and equality, local governments, humanitarian groups, and helping organizations are encouraged to center their agenda on advancing the rights, interests, and welfare of the sector.
Sharpening Logical Thinking Ability Through Game Application Development Activities in Adolescents
Authors: Azhar Yufis , Rahayu Dwi Anggraini Puspita , Suharso Wildan
Published: February 2021

One of the main capitals in the era of industry 4.0 is creative Human Resources. Creativity here means the ability to always innovate and be able to provide intelligent solutions of problems that arise in the community. Youth as the nation's greatest asset must continue to be encouraged to hone its creativity. Developing game apps is one way to hone this creativity. Because when creating a game app, one is required to imagine, but it remains logical. Hisbul Wathan, as one of the scouting organizations in Indonesia, which fosters the younger generation, is expected to play an active role in the development of Industry 4.0. Therefore, in this Community Service activity, will be given training on the creation of game applications to hone the logical thinking skills of hisbul wathan scouting movement cadres, especially for Kwarda Kota Batu.
Terapi Perilaku untuk meningkatkan perilaku asertif pada anak dengan gangguan enuresis
Authors: Wahyuriko Purwo Erina
Published: February 2021

Subjek adalah anak perempuan berusia 5,6 tahun yang mengalami gangguan enuresis, sejak bersekolah yang berlangsung selama empat bulan. Subjek hanya berkemih dicelana pada siang hari saat berada disekolahnya. Asesmen yang digunakan adalah wawancara klinis, observasi dan tes psikologi WISC. Hasil asesmen subjek mengalami gangguan enuresis karena memasuki sekolah baru yang mana hal tersebut merupakan tekanan tersendiri bagi subjek, selain itu subjek sering diperlakukan tidak menyenangkan karena ayah dan ibu subjek penyandang bisu dan tuli, namun subjek memendam dan tidak berani melawan teman-temannya yang menjadikan subjek makin stres dan direpresentasikan dengan enuresis. Subjek mengalami enuresis rata-rata lima kali per minggu. Intervensi yang diberikan menggunakan pendekatan behaviour dengan teknik roleplay asertif dan konseling yang melibatkan orangtua dan guru disekolahnya dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan perilaku asertif. Hasil intervensi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan perilaku asertif subjek sehingga mengurangi tekanan pada diri subjek yang ditandai dengan berkurangnya frekuensi enuresis pada subjek.