bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NAROO program
Authors: Perlbarg A.-C. , Desmars J. , Robert V. , Hestroffer D.
Published: October 2023

Context. The New Astrometric Reduction of Old Observations (NAROO) program is dedicated to the measurement of astrophotographic plates and the analysis of old observations for scientific purposes. One of the objectives of the NAROO program is to provide accurate positional measurements of small Solar System bodies in order to improve our knowledge of their orbits and dynamics.

Aims. Focused on potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs), which are near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) making very close encounters with the Earth, this paper aims to emphasize the value of old photographic plate observations. As they provide accurate astrometric measurements over a large time interval, such observations are essential to determine reliable orbits and to detect small accelerations, such as the Yarkovsky effect.

Methods. Photographic plates consist of a substantial source of old observations of Solar System objects. From existing databases, we identified old and precovery observations of PHAs, which are fortuitous observations made before their discovery. We used the NAROO machine to digitize the plates, and we performed the astrometric reduction with the Gaia DR3 reference star catalog. We added the results to the observation dataset of PHAs in order to determine new orbital solutions and possibly detect the Yarkovsky effect with the Numerical Integration of the Motion of an Asteroid (NIMA) program. In addition, we considered a possible timing error in the orbit adjustment, which is generally not taken into account in such problems, and show its influence.

Results. We were able to find precovery observations of PHAs in photographic plate databases. Their introduction in the dataset show a significant improvement of the accuracy of the new orbital solutions. They also help in detecting and measuring the Yarkovsky effect and improve its accuracy. Hence, we demonstrate the interest of the reduction or new reduction of old photographic plates for the orbit determination of PHAs.
Post-processing of galaxies due to major cluster mergers
Authors: Kelkar K. , Jaffé Y. L. , Lourenço A. C. C. , Pérez-Millán D. , Fritz J. , Vulcani B. , Crossett J. P. , Poggianti B. , Moretti A.
Published: October 2023

The environments of galaxy clusters that underwent a recent (≤3 Gyr) major merger are harsher than those of dynamically relaxed clusters due to the global hydrodynamical disturbance and the merger-shock-heated intracluster medium. However, the impact of such extreme cluster interactions on the member galaxy properties is not very well constrained. We explore the integrated star formation properties of galaxies through galaxy colours as well as the morphology buildup in three nearby (0.04 <  z <  0.07) young (∼0.6−1 Gyr) post-merger clusters – A3667, A3376, and A168 – and seven relaxed clusters to disentangle merger-induced post-processing signatures from the expected effects of high-density cluster environments. Exploiting optical spectroscopy and photometry from the OmegaWINGS survey, we find that post-merger clusters are evolved systems with uniform spiral fractions, a uniform fraction of blue galaxies, and constant scatter in the colour–magnitude relations, a regularity that is absent in dynamically relaxed clusters. While no clear merger-induced signatures were revealed in the global colours of galaxies, we conclude that different global star formation histories of dynamically relaxed clusters lead to considerable scatter in galaxy properties, resulting in the pre-merger cluster environment potentially contaminating any merger-induced signal of galaxy properties. We find red spirals to be common in both post-merger and relaxed clusters, while post-merger clusters appear to host a non-negligible population of blue early-type galaxies. We propose that while such merging cluster systems absorb extra cosmic web populations hitherto not part of the original merging subclusters, a ∼1 Gyr timescale is possibly too short see changes in the global colours and morphologies of galaxies.
Animal and Cellular Models in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
Authors: Reinhardt Christoph , Rühl Heiko
Published: October 2023

Standardized In Vitro and In Vivo Model Systems to Simplify Complexity—That's How We Learn

The discovery of new target molecules and translational progress in the development and refinement of antithrombotic therapies as well as the improved treatment of bleeding disorders strongly relies on standardized ex vivo and in vivo models that closely resemble the respective human pathologies. The standardization of these models requires sound training in specialized hemostasis and thrombosis research laboratories as well as a consistent daily routine. In this theme issue of Hämostaseologie—Progress in Haemostasis, four review articles cover key models that have proven instrumental to gain mechanistic insights on thrombogenesis and hemostatic processes. In recent decades, these models have moved our field forward and enabled translation across scales, from cell-based research to isolated flow chamber systems, to mouse thrombosis models reflecting the pathologic situations as observed in patients, to large animal models.
Erfolgreiche Therapie einer Retronychie
Authors: Golle Linda , Stadie Volker
Published: October 2023

Anamnese Wir berichten über einen 66-jährigen Patienten, bei dem seit ca. 9 Monaten eine schmerzhafte Schwellung der linken Großzehe mit subjektiv sistierendem Längenwachstum bestand.

Untersuchungen Zuvor hatten bakteriologische und mykologische Abstriche sowie eine MRT-Untersuchung keine richtungsweisenden Befunde erbracht und antibiotische, antiseptische und antiphlogistische Vortherapien hatten zu keiner Linderung der Beschwerden beigetragen.

Diagnose und Therapie Wir stellten aufgrund des klinischen Befundes mit gerötetem, kolbenartig aufgetriebenem Zehenendglied mit angehobenem proximalem Nagelwall die Diagnose einer Retronychie und führten eine Nagelplattenextraktion durch.

Verlauf In den über 2 Jahren andauernden Nachkontrollen zeigte sich der Patient beschwerdefrei mit erholtem Nagelwachstum.

Folgerungen Die Retronychie wird, wie im vorgestellten Fall oft fehldiagnostiziert. Die Kenntnis wegweisender klinischer und anamnestischer Parameter und der korrekten Therapieoptionen erlaubt eine rasche, kostengünstige und langfristig erfolgreiche Behandlung.
Deep-ultraviolet light communication in sunlight using 275-nm LEDs
Authors: Qi Ziqian , Wang Linning , Liang Yingze , Liu Pengzhan , Zhu Hongbo , Wang Yongjin
Published: October 2023

Emerging deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light communication with attractive features fulfills the increasing demand for novel wireless communication without electromagnetic interference or solar noise influence. Here, we propose, manufacture, and characterize a solar-blind full-duplex light communication system using 275-nm DUV light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Four DUV LEDs connected in series form a unit, and the transmitter consists of an array of three independent units, which can be synchronously controlled using a main processing unit to modulate the emitted light. A solar-blind filter is inserted in front of the receiver due to the lack of an ultraviolet photodetector. Both the transmitter and receiver are encapsulated together to manufacture a full-duplex DUV light communication system, which can independently transmit and receive data with a maximal communication distance of 7 m at the same time. All users within a 46 m2 area of the system have access to the DUV communication network through an integrated wireless module. Real-time video is demonstrated and different types of files could be shared. Based on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), the system is finally performed in sunlight with a transmission rate of 10 Mbps and a packet loss rate of 1.28%.
Approach to achieve controlled particle size synthesis of non-polar functionalised siloxane particles using a one-pot synthesis
Authors: McDonough Rowan , Mangos Daniel , Hassam Chris , Campbell Jonathan , Lewis David A.
Published: October 2023

The homogeneous addition of functional silanes dissolved in a co-solvent such as ethanol has been shown to change particle growth mechanisms as well as control over particle size and dispersity, especially for non-polar silanes. Highly monodisperse size-controlled silica particles from 50 to over 1000 nm bearing thiol, vinyl, phenyl, propyl, cyanopropyl and chloropropyl R group functionality were synthesised directly from the corresponding single organosilane source. Observing particle growth over time revealed that it proceeded by a conventional Stöber process, where silane monomers and oligomers add to nucleation sites, resulting in particle growth. Scale-up of the homogeneous mixing approach produced gram quantities of particles without affecting size, size dispersion or functionality under good mixing. The presence and functionality of the surface R groups were confirmed by a simple second addition of reactive molecules to the particle synthesis liquor, resulting in theoretical maximum attachment densities.
Soft particles and infinite-dimensional geometry
Authors: Kapec Daniel
Published: October 2023

In the sigma model, soft insertions of moduli scalars enact parallel transport of S-matrix elements about the finite-dimensional moduli space of vacua, and the antisymmetric double-soft theorem calculates the curvature of the vacuum manifold. We explore the analogs of these statements in gauge theory and gravity in asymptotically flat spacetimes, where the relevant moduli spaces are infinite-dimensional. These models have spaces of vacua parameterized by (trivial) flat connections on the celestial sphere, and soft insertions of photons, gluons, and gravitons parallel transport S-matrix elements about these infinite-dimensional manifolds. We argue that the antisymmetric double-soft gluon theorem in d + 2 bulk dimensions computes the curvature of a connection on the infinite-dimensional space Map

(

S
d

,
G
)

/

G

, where G is the global part of the gauge group. The analogous metrics in abelian gauge theory and gravity are flat, as indicated by the vanishing of the antisymmetric double-soft theorems in those models. In other words, Feynman diagram calculations not only know about the vacuum manifold of Yang–Mills theory, they can also be used to compute its curvature. The results have interesting implications for flat space holography.
Fault diagnosis method for bogie bearings of high-speed trains based on weighted-sparse subspace clustering
Authors: Yang Tao , Liu Jianqiang , Chen Shaoyong , Pei Chunxing , Liu Yunhe
Published: October 2023

The bogie bearings are crucial components of the high-speed train transmission system, and any failure of them can severely impact the normal functioning of the vehicle. Nowadays, sparse subspace clustering (SSC) is an effective technology for diagnosing mechanical system faults. However, SSC is easily affected by noise. To address this issue, we introduce the weighted-SSC algorithm, which incorporates weighting coefficients to enhance the connections between similar sample points. Our approach involves extracting the fault characteristic parameters of the vibration signal through wavelet packet transform and singular value decomposition. Subsequently, these parameters are employed to construct corresponding weighted-sparse subspaces. We also examined the selection of a hyperparameter in the weighted coefficients. The resultant sparse representation vectors are then harnessed for the purpose of transductive semi-supervised learning clustering and diagnosing the specific type of fault. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we designed and built a bearing experimental platform. We compare our method with existing clustering algorithms, including K-means, SSC, dimension reduction graph-based SSC, and ant colony optimization-K-means clustering algorithms. The results demonstrate that our proposed weighted-SSC method achieves higher accuracy in fault diagnosis than the other clustering algorithms.
Implementing dispersion measurement as part of scanning proton therapy commissioning and quality assurance
Authors: Tan Hong Qi , Lew Kah Seng , Koh Calvin Wei Yang , Wibawa Andrew , Yeap Ping Lin , Master Zubin , Lee James Cheow Lei , Beltran Chris J , Park Sung Yong , Furutani Keith M
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Dispersion in an accelerator quantifies the deviation of the proton trajectory when there is a momentum deviation. We present for the first time a safe method of measuring dispersion in the clinic, using a scintillator detector and the momentum deviations within a spill. This is an important accelerator quantity as we found that this is the reason behind the large dose fluctuation in our absolute dosimetry measurement. Methods. Dispersions are measured for nine energies in a Hitachi ProBeat system at three locations (isocenter and at two profile monitors) and at two gantry angles (0 and 90 degrees) by first measuring the spot position and momentum drift within a spill. The spot position drift is measured by the XRV-4000 at the isocenter, and by the two profile monitors located at 0.57 and 2.27 m from the isocenter. The momentum drift is calculated from the intra-spill range drift which is measured using the Ranger accessory. The dispersion at isocenter and its gradient are calculated using the weighted least square regression on the measured dispersions at the three locations. A constraint is formulated on the dispersion and its gradient to ensure minimal intra-spill spot position deviation around the isocenter. Results. The measured intra-spill range and spot positional drift at isocenter are less than

0.25

mm

and

0.7

mm

respectively. The momentum spread calculated from the range drift are less than 0.08%. The dispersion at the isocenter ranged from

0.50

to

4.30

m

and the zero-crossing happens upstream of isocenter for all energies. 2 of the 9 energies (168.0 and 187.5 MeV) violated the constraint and has an intra-spill spot positional deviation greater than

1.0

within

5

cm

from the isocenter. Conclusion. This measurement is recommended as part of commissioning and annual quality assurance for accelerator monitoring and to ensure intra-spill spot deviations remain low.
Fast atomic crack kinking and branching in WS2
Authors: Yang Xing , Zhang Bin
Published: October 2023

Dynamic nanocrack propagation in 1T- and 2H-WS2 strips is studied by molecular dynamics, and the T-stress and circumferential stress in linear elastic fracture mechanics are considered. As the crack propagates, the crack-tip speed (v) experiences a rapid acceleration, and then oscillates at ∼55% (1T) and ∼65% (2H) of the Rayleigh-wave speed followed by crack kinking/branching. The critical energy release rates of crack instability are estimated to be ∼1.5 J/m2 (1T) and ∼4.0 J/m2 (2H). The crack path in 1T-WS2 exhibits higher sensitivity of strain rates for atomic asymmetry around the crack tip. Examination of the dynamic crack-tip field shows that the T-stress obtained by the over-deterministic method always fluctuates in negative, and the theoretical circumferential stress curve does not accurately capture the v-dependent atomic stress distribution. Consequently, both T-stress and circumferential stress are limited in predicting the crack kinking/branching directions, which can be attributed to the discrete crystal lattice and local anisotropy of WS2, where a preferred crack path along the zigzag surface is observed. The fracture properties of WS2 might provide useful physics for its applications in nano-devices.
Ultra-wideband and wide-angle metamaterial absorber for solar energy harvesting from ultraviolet to near infrared
Authors: Luo Fuyin , Li Chuanliang , He Xiaohu
Published: October 2023

In this paper, an ultra-wideband solar absorber consisting of a four-layer structure of Al2O3-TiN-Al2O3-Ti is proposed. The proposed absorber achieves an average absorption of 97.85% in the wavelength range of 250–2000 nm (49.96% improvement over the reference planar structure), and its bandwidth of absorption over 90% is even as high as 1742 nm. As a result of the symmetrical design of the structure, the absorber has polarization insensitivity and wide-angle absorption characteristics. In particular, the absorber has a large process tolerance in the structural parameters and a high degree of universality for other metals and dielectric materials, which is highly advantageous in manufacturing. In addition, we explored the reasons for the high absorption of the structure in detail, discussed the influence of different structures on the absorption, and analyzed the absorption characteristics and thermal conversion efficiency of the structure under the solar spectrum. The proposed structure provides a broader bandwidth and higher light absorption than the recently reported work and further reduces the structure’s thickness. Therefore, the absorber will have broad application prospects in photothermal conversion, solar cells, imaging, and stealth.
Transverse magnetic mode waveguide switches employing metal and negative index metamaterial loads
Authors: Hill Martin T
Published: October 2023

A compact optical switch concept based on moving a negative-index media (NIM) load is extended here to include waveguides carrying transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Many current metamaterial NIM implementations work with TM waves. Simulations show that with a current metamaterial NIM implementation switching is possible for TM modes. The simulated switch structure is based on an optical waveguide coupler made by a commercial foundry process. The NIM load is realized above the waveguides in a post foundry micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) layer. Metal loads are also shown to be suitable for switching TM modes. However, only NIM loads can in theory permit simultaneous switching of both transverse electric and TM modes.
Logarithmically divergent friction on ultrarelativistic bubble walls
Authors: Ai Wen-Yuan
Published: October 2023

We calculate the friction experienced by ultrarelativistic bubble walls resulting from the 1 → 2 light-to-heavy transition process, with finite-wall-width effects fully taken into account. In this process, the light particle is excited from the order-parameter scalar field, while the two heavy particles are excitations of a dark matter scalar field. Unlike earlier estimates suggesting a friction scaling asγw0, whereγwrepresents the Lorentz factor of the wall velocity, our more precise numerical analysis reveals a logarithmic dependence of the friction onγw. We offer a numerical fit to capture this frictional pressure accurately. Our analysis verifies that the friction stemming from the 1 → 2 light-to-heavy transition is typically much smaller than the friction from the 1 → 1 transmission of the dark matter particles.
Macroscopic squeezing in quasi-one-dimensional two-component Bose gases
Authors: Tian Yaoqi , Pan Junqiao , Shi Tao , Yi Su
Published: October 2023

We investigate the ground-state properties and the dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional quantum droplets of binary Bose condensates by employing the Gaussian state theory. We show that there exists three quantum phases for the ground states of the droplets, including a coherent state and two macroscopic squeezed states. The phase transition between two macroscopic squeezed states is of the third order; while between the macroscopic squeezed state and the coherent is of a crossover type. As for the dynamics, we find that, by tuning the reduced scattering length to a negative value, a significant fraction of the atoms can be transferred from a coherent state to a macroscopic squeezed state. Our studies open up the possibility of generating macroscopic squeezed states using binary condensates.
Ab initio potential energy surface and anharmonic vibration spectrum of
NF3+
Authors: Chen 陈 Yan-Nan 艳南 , Xu 徐 Jian-Gang 建刚 , Fan 范 Jiang-Peng 江鹏 , Ma 马 Shuang-Xiong 双雄 , Guo 郭 Tian 甜 , Zhang 张 Yun-Guang 云光
Published: October 2023

Potential energy surfaces (PESs), vibrational frequencies, and infrared spectra are calculated for

NF

3
+

using ab initio calculations, based on UCCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ combined with vibrational configuration interaction (VCI). Based on an iterative algorithm, the surfaces (SURF) program adds automatic points to the lattice representation of the potential function, the one-dimensional and two-dimensional PESs are calculated after reaching a convergence threshold, finally the smooth image of the potential energy surface is fitted. The PESs accurately account for the interaction between the different modes, with the mode q
6 symmetrical stretching vibrations having the greatest effect on the potential energy change of the whole system throughout the potential energy surface shift. The anharmonic frequencies are obtained when the VCI matrix is diagonalized. Fundamental frequencies, overtones, and combination bands of

NF

3
+

are calculated, which generate the degenerate phenomenon between their frequencies. Finally, the calculated anharmonic frequency is used to plot the infrared spectra. Modal antisymmetric stretching ν
5 and symmetric stretching ν
6 exhibit a phenomenon of large-intensity borrowing. This study can provide data to support the characterization in the laboratory.
Laser Thomson scattering system for anisotropic electron temperature measurement in NUMBER
Authors: Okamoto A. , Higuchi S. , Sato K. , Yamada Y. , Koike M. , Sugimoto M. , Fujita T.
Published: October 2023

A laser Thomson scattering system is developed to obtain anisotropic electron temperature
in a pulse operated electron cyclotron resonance plasma device. Injecting a laser with an oblique
angle to the external magnetic field and detecting scattering photon from a line of sight along
another oblique angle enable us to obtain parallel and perpendicular components of electron
temperature. Backward (165°) scattering spectrum corresponds to quasi perpendicular
velocity distribution, while that for forward (15°) scattering; quasi parallel. Collecting
lenses are set in vacuum to maximize solid angle in a limited space of port, where the laser path
and collecting optics share an ICF152 flange. Rayleigh scattering intensity is measured as a
function of argon gas pressure. An initial result on residual stray light intensity is equivalent
to the argon Rayleigh scattering intensity under ≤ 1 kPa of filled pressure. In order to
obtain Thomson scattering spectra, a notch filter type stray light rejection optics, which utilize
a reflective type volume holographic grating, is evaluated. Notch width (0.2 nm) and flat
transmittance (≥ 90%) outside the notch measured for a prototype show that it is an
effective optics.
Growth and Production of Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Due to Urea Fertilization, Rhizobium sp. Inoculation and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria in Saline Soil
Authors: Ningkarni  , Fuskhah E , Purbajanti E D
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to examine the dose of urea fertilizer, the inoculation dose of Rhizobium sp., and the doses of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, as well as the interaction between the two in soybean cultivation in saline soils. The study was carried out from July to November 2021 at the Ecology and Plant Production Laboratory, Greenhouse, and Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Animal and Agriculture, Diponegoro University, Semarang. A factorial 3 x 4 Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications was the research methodology used. The dosage of urea fertilizer, with N0 = 100%, N1 = 90%, and N2 = 80%, is the first factor. The second factor is the dosage of Rhizobium sp. and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria that are inoculated, with P0 = No inoculum (control), P1 = 3 g/seed, P2 = 6 g/seed, and P3 = 9 g/seed. According to the research, it can be concluded that Rhizobium sp. and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, along with urea fertilization, had a significant impact on plant height and early flowering but had no significant on the number of leaves and wet weight of pods generated in saline soil.
The role of PME and ADH enzymes in seed deterioration and its implication for producing high quality soybean seed
Authors: Harnowo D , Prayogo Y
Published: October 2023

Soybean seeds are member of the orthodox seeds group which suseptable to deterioration. The low quality of soybean seeds used by farmers is one of the causes of the low soybean productivity at the farmer level. Pectin methylesterase (PME) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes have been studied in relation to seed deterioration. Increase in seed moisture content is strongly suspected to be the initial occurrence and increase in PME enzyme activity which then followed by ADH enzyme activity in a series of biochemical reactions leading to the accumulation of acetaldehyde-protein adducts (APA) in soybean seeds. The APA contributes to deterioration of seeds. Thus, the increase in APA in soybean seeds may be used as an indicator of the level of deterioration of soybean seeds. Since high seed moisture content contributes to the initiation of PME activity in seeds, soybean seed production in the rainy season is not recommended because it will produce seeds with low physiological quality due to high PME activity so that the seeds cannot be stored for long-term period.
Yield Components of Red Yardlong Bean Pod Genotypes (Vigna unguiculata (L.) ssp. sesquipedalis)
Authors: Widaryati  , Kusmiyati F , Anwar S , Sas M G A , Putra F P
Published: October 2023

One of the legume plants with development potential is the yardlong bean. Because they have a high anthocyanin content, yardlong bean red pods are crucial for maintaining human health. There are multiple red-purple pod lines as a result of the crossing of the two parents purple pod and green pod. The purpose of this study was to assess the yield component of bean lines that were thirteen yards long. The study was carried out in Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java’s Agrotechno Park. Using genotype as the only component, the experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Agronomic characteristics such as harvesting time, number of pods, pod weight, length, number of seeds per pod, and weight of 1000 seeds were observed. The result showed that one genotype from F7 generation FPT A 3-4-10-1 had superior characters compared to the cultivar check in harvesting time, the number of pods, pod weight, and the number of seeds per pod. The agronomic characters that has been characterized can be may be used as potential donors for future hybridization programs to develop superior yard long bean variety with good yield components.
Exploration and selection of salt tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the Indonesian saline soils
Authors: Fuskhah E , Purbajanti E D
Published: October 2023

The excessive salt concentration is what prevents saline land from being used. Salinity inhibits plant growth, however this can be remedied by investigating phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Non-pathogenic bacteria that can dissolve unavailable P into a form that plants may absorb are known as phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The goal of this study is to find phosphate-solubilizing bacteria that can withstand extremely high salinities. In saline land on Indonesia’s North Coast of Central Java, soil sampling was done. Using pikovskaya selective media, phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated using the pour plate method. Eight pure PSB isolates, including BPFRBG2, BPFPT2, BPFDMK1, BPFPKL2, BPFSMG2, BPFBTG2, and BPFKDL2, were obtained as a result of the isolation process. The macro- and microscopic examination of PSB isolates. Following closely behind were the PSB isolates with the strongest tolerance to salt (10.000 ppm NaCl): BPFBTG2, BPFKDL2, BPFSMG2, and BPFPKL2.
Suitability of Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato Clones for Ingredients of Chinese Buns (Buns)
Authors: Utomo J S , Ginting E
Published: October 2023

A form of tuber known as a sweet potato includes bioactive substances in addition to carbs, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Purple-fleshed sweet potatoes have been heavily marketed as functional foods due to their anthocyanin content. Different textures can be found in the three types and two clones of sweet potatoes used as a base for buns. In comparison to the other 3 kinds, the textures of RIS 10043-02 and MSU 10003-07 were harder, more cohesive, and chewier. The high values of hardness (5.78N), springiness (73.77%), and cohesiveness contributed to the high chewiness value of the buns manufactured from Antin 2 (257.52N) (0.63N). The L*, a*, and b* values of the generated buns decrease with increasing anthocyanin concentration in the raw material, and the panelists’ preferences for color also increase. For the four sensory evaluation criteria of the buns manufactured from five different sweet potato clones, the scores varied from 3.64 to 4.08. It seems that the MSU 10003-07 clone, followed by Antin 2 and Antin 3, was the panelists’ favorite bun.
Utilization of canna (Canna edulis ker.) as raw material for non-gluten processed food to supporting food diversification program: a review
Authors: Histifarina D , Rahman A , Purnamasari N R , Rahmat R
Published: October 2023

One of the government’s efforts to produce enough food on its own is food diversification. The objective is to transform local food into alternative food, and canna tubers are one of the products that can help achieve this. Carbohydrates from canna tubers can be utilized as food and as raw materials in the processing sector. Canna tubers contain 75 g of water, 22.6 g of carbs, 1 g of protein, 0.1 g of fat, 2 mg of calcium, 70 mg of phosphorus, 1 mg of vitamin B90, and 1 mg of vitamin C per 100 g. (10 mg). Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, and phenols are among the nutrients found in canna tubers that are essential for good health. However, canna only serves to simple food processing in Indonesia. They are superior than wheat flour when made into flour because they are gluten-free and contain more fiber. Those who are gluten sensitive, such as those with celiac disease and autistic children, frequently avoid foods containing gluten. Cookies, noodles, spaghetti, bread, and other baked goods can all be made using canna flour. In the end, they will contribute to enhancing national food security by supporting government initiatives aimed at increasing food diversity.
Effects of Food Additives Treatment on the Texture of Artificial Rice prepared from Dried Cassava and Corn Flours Mixture
Authors: Pudjianto K. , Sabirin  , Putra O. N. , Darusalam A. , Mulawati I. P. N. , Musa
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to understand how food additives like Sodium Tri-Polyphosphate (STPP), Guar Gum, and Glycerol Monostearate (GMS) affect the textures of synthetic rice (tiwul rice) produced using a twin screw extruder. 70% (w/w) dry cassava flour and 30% (w/w) corn flour were combined for the extrusion process. By adjusting the amounts of the extra ingredients guar gum, sodium tri poly phosphate (STPP), and glycerol monostearate, it was done in six different formulae (GMS). The moisture content of the raw material mixture was 30-35% (w/w) at the extrusion conditions the feeding screw motor speed was 5-6Hz, the screw speed of the extruder was 7.5-8.5Hz and the barrel temperature from zone 1 to 3 extruder was around 45-50°C. Tiwul rice that is produced with 0.5% GMS addition obtains several characteristics that are nearly similar with native rice, such as hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, springiness, gumminess and chewiness texture.
Udder Volume and Teat Size of Friesian Holstein Dairy Cows from Post-Weaning Calves to Pregnant Heifers
Authors: Hartanto Rudy , Ranggano Caesario Prima , Prayitno Edi , Prima Ari , Harjanti Dian Wahyu
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the development of udder volume, teat circumference and teat length of Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows from post-weaning calves to pregnant heifers. The materials used in this study were 60 heifers. The research was conducted by observational method. The groupings of heifers were 1st group (heifer age 4-8 months), 2nd group (heifer age 9-12 months), 3th group (heifer age ≥ 13 months but not yet pregnant), 4th group (gestational age 1-3 months), 5th group (gestational age 4-6 months), 6th group (gestational age 7-9 months). The parameters were udder volume, teat circumference, teat length, heifer age and gestational age. Data analysis used t-test to examine differences in udder volume and teat size between groups of heifers. Linear regression analysis was used to find the relationship between udder volume and teat size with heifer age and gestational age. The results showed that the udder volume, teat circumference, and teat length showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the heifer groups. The 6th group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other groups, namely udder volume of 8149.57 cm3, teat circumference of 6.97 cm and teat length of 6.01 cm. There was a significant relationship between udder volume (Y) and heifer age (X), namely Y = -297.204 + 100.801X (R2 = 0.823). While the udder volume (Y) with gestational age (X) has the equation Y = 993.711 + 889.841X (R2 = 0.772). It can be concluded that the increasing heifer age and gestational age, the volume of udder and teat size will increase.
Correlation between Gestation Period and The Calf Sex in Dairy Cows
Authors: Setyorini Y.W. , Kurnianto E. , Sutopo  , Sutiyono
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to examine the correlation between the gestation period and the sex of calves as the result of artificial insemination in dairy cows reared by smallholder farmers. Purposive sampling was used in this survey study as the research methodology. A total of 45 heads of dairy cows were observed. A statistical t-test and correlation analysis were used to assess the data. The finding revealed that male to female calves had a sex ratio of 44.44% and 55.56%, respectively. The average gestation period of the dam with male calves (284.45 ± 4.82 days) was longer (p<0.05) compared to the gestation period of the dam with female calves (281.12 ± 5.70 days). There was a correlation between the gestation period and the calf sex with a correlation coefficient of 0.311 (P<0.05). In conclusion, the gestation period of dairy cows at smallholder farmers in this study has a low correlation with the sex of calves born.
Income Analysis and Factors Affecting Pig Farmer Income in East Flores Regency
Authors: Keray A S , Widiati R , Kusumastuti T A
Published: October 2023

Livestock has potential to be developed in East Flores Regency because it supporting the economy of the farmer’s household and used in various traditional rituals. This study aims to analyze the income and factors that affect the income of pig farmers. The study was conducted from September to November 2021. The research location using the multistage sampling method, the determination of the sub-districts and villages that have the highest pig population in East Flores Regency. A sample of 120 respondents was taken purposively that breeding has at least 3 broods, fattening has 5 pigs, and a combination, has sold livestock in the last 1 year and experience raising more than 1 year. Analysis of the data using descriptive statistics while determining the factors that affect income using multiple linear regression. The results of the study is the highest average income was in the combination which was IDR13,862,908/breeder/year. The positive influence factor is the number of pig ownership and the negative influence is the dummy breeding system. This type of business combination is recommended because it provides the highest income and from a socio-cultural perspective that is accepted by the community.
Multinutrient Block Biological Test with the Addition of Green Betel Leaf Juice on Consumption, Digestibility, and Retention of N for Thin-tailed Sheep
Authors: Azizah N , Mukodiningsih S , Pangestu E , Iswarin Pujaningsih R
Published: October 2023

Multinutrient block (MNB) is a supplement with a fairly high water content and included Intermediate Moisture. Thus, it needs to be added such preservatives ingredients, among others, green betel leaf. This also has antiprotozoal characters, so this green betel leaf has an impact on the fermentation process in the rumen. The purpose of this study is to examine the biological quality of MNB added green betel leaf in thin-tailed sheep in terms of consumption, feed digestibility, and nitrogen retention. This study used a randomized design group consisting of 3 treatments and 6 replications. The material used was MNB consisting of 50% molasses, 30% fermented rice straw, 6% clam shell flour, 3% salt, 4% urea, and 7% bentonite. This research involved 18 Thin-tailed Sheep with the weight of 11.94 ± 2,14. The addition of green betel leaf on MNB as much as 0% on T0, 3% on T1 and 6% on T2. Feeding process included commercial concentrate 65%, napier grass 25%, and MNB 10%. Each treatment was implemented on the 6 sheep as the test. The results revealed that the addition of green betel leaf juice in MNB had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the consumption of dry matter, consumption of agrie matter feed digestibility and N retention. Moreover, the provision of green betel leaf juice by 6% in MNB did not result in the consumption, digestibility, and the retention of N value in thin-tailed sheep. This research was conducted and obtained permission from the Faculty of Animal and Agriculture, Diponegoro University Semarang.
Psychological Consequences of Chronic Ethnic Discrimination in Male Turkish Immigrants Living in Austria: A 30-Day Ambulatory Assessment Study
Authors: Goreis Andreas , Nater Urs M , Mewes Ricarda
Published: October 2023

Background

Chronic ethnic discrimination may be associated with negative psychological consequences in ethnic minority groups. However, little is known about the impact of acute discriminatory events on people who experience chronic ethnic discrimination.

Purpose

We examined the impact of chronic and acute ethnic discrimination on the daily lives of Turkish immigrants in Austria, a population often overlooked in discrimination research.

Methods

Ninety male Turkish immigrants living in Austria (60 experiencing chronic and 30 infrequent ethnic discrimination) reported discriminatory events in real time for 30 days. Additionally, subjective stress, reactivity to daily hassles, affect, and maladaptive coping were assessed daily.

Results

Participants experiencing chronic ethnic discrimination indicated higher daily values for stress, negative affect, reactivity to daily hassles, and anticipation and avoidance coping. Negative psychological states increased for all participants on days when discriminatory events occurred, but participants with chronic ethnic discrimination showed significantly stronger increases in maladaptive coping and reactivity to daily hassles, with the latter effect persisting until the next day.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to demonstrate interaction effects of chronic and acute ethnic discrimination on psychological factors in daily life. The results may advance the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to health disparities in ethnic minority populations and may inform the development of targeted interventions.
Evolutionary transition from surface to subterranean living in Australian water beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) through adaptive and relaxed selection
Authors: Zhao Yuxuan , Guzik Michelle T , Humphreys William F , Watts Christopher H S , Cooper Steven J B , Sherratt Emma
Published: October 2023

Over the last 5 million years, numerous species of Australian stygobiotic (subterranean and aquatic) beetles have evolved underground following independent colonization of aquifers by surface ancestors, providing a set of repeated evolutionary transitions from surface to subterranean life. We used this system as an ‘evolutionary experiment’ to investigate whether relaxed selection has provided a source of variability for adaptive radiations into ecosystems containing open niches and whether this variability underpins phenotypic evolution in cave animals. Linear and landmark-based measurements were used to quantify the morphology of subterranean species from different aquifers, compared to interstitial and closely related aquatic surface species. Subterranean dytiscids were observed to be morphologically distinct, suggesting they have a different lifestyle compared to their surface relatives. However, variation in the measured traits was much greater in the subterranean species, and unstructured, showing no evidence of clustering that would indicate adaptation to specific niches. Furthermore, a previously identified pattern of repeated nonoverlapping size variation in beetles across aquifers was not correlated with repeated body shape evolution. The observed variability across body shape and limb traits provides support for the hypothesis that relaxed selection and neutral evolution underlie the phenotypic evolution in these species.
Intergenerational Interactions and Relationship Quality: A Daily Study Among Mothers and Their Adult Children
Authors: Jiang Da , Lee Chi-Kin John , Kong Dexia , Chiu Ming Ming
Published: October 2023

Objectives

The parent–child relationship is one of the most long-lasting relationships in human life. Such relationship is particularly adaptive during public health emergencies that threaten human life. However, few studies have examined the effects of daily exchanges in support between aging parents and adult children on the relationship quality during public health emergencies. Using data collected during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we examined the relationship between daily support and relationship quality among middle-aged and older mothers and adult children.

Methods

Seventy-seven dyads of middle-aged and older mothers (age range: 44–80 years, Mage = 53.78, SDage = 9.57) and adult children (age range: 18–54 years, Mage = 26.61, SDage = 9.46) participated in the study. They reported their daily exchanges with the other (i.e., support they had received from and given to each other) and daily relationship quality (i.e., relationship satisfaction and trust) each day for 14 consecutive days.

Results

The perception of being underbenefited on Day N was associated with daily relationship satisfaction on the concurrent day in children but not mothers. It was associated with daily trust toward the relationship partner in both mothers and children on Day N. Both providing and receiving more support on Day N was associated with better relationship satisfaction for both mothers and children on Day N. Only receiving (not providing) more support on Day N was associated with greater trust toward the partner on Day N for both mothers and children. The time-lagged associations were not significant.

Discussion

The findings highlight the importance of daily reciprocity and daily support exchanges on relationship quality during a public health emergency.
Seismoelectric wave conversions at an interface: a quantitative comparison between laboratory data and full-waveform modelling
Authors: Martins-Gomes V , Brito D , Garambois S , Dietrich M , Bordes C , Barucq H
Published: October 2023

Seismo-electromagnetic phenomena, electrokinetic in nature, take place whenever a seismic wave propagates in fluid-bearing media, its energy depending mainly on the electrical properties of the fluid and the hydraulic properties of the porous medium. They result from a conversion of mechanical into electromagnetic (EM) energy due to the transient ionic interactions occurring at the pore scale. Two of these phenomena are usually studied: the electric field accompanying seismic waves, and the EM field that travels independently, generated at discontinuities of physicochemical properties in the porous medium. Although the first event is sensitive to physical parameters of the surrounding medium, the second catches information about interfaces in the subsurface, with the resolution of seismic methods, making it very attractive to near surface exploration. In this context, we propose a new experimental setup where both phenomena can be simultaneously studied. At first, we use a porous medium composed of homogeneous water-saturated sand and study the characteristics of the coseismic electric field. Afterwards, a thin layer of Vosges sandstone is inserted into the sand, which allows the study of the EM waves generated at the two closely spaced sand-sandstone interfaces. We record the seismic displacement field at the upper surface of the sand volume using a laser vibrometer, and use stainless steel electrodes buried in the sand to acquire individual electric potentials rather than electric fields, seeking to favour the measurement of the EM interface-generated signals. With the help of direct numerical simulations, we compare experimental measurements and theoretical predictions, based on a well established set of seismoelectric governing equations. In both types of experiments, this comparison shows very good agreements between experimental and numerical waveforms, thus confirming the relevant theory. The electric potential data also show that the EM signals generated at interfaces are clearly recorded at distances of about 10 seismic P wavelengths away from the interface. By contrast, the same events are barely noticeable near the inserted layer when measured using classical electric dipolar arrays.
Exploiting O-GlcNAc transferase promiscuity to dissect site-specific O-GlcNAcylation
Authors: Mitchell Conor W , Galan Bartual Sergio , Ferenbach Andrew T , Scavenius Carsten , van Aalten Daan M F
Published: October 2023

Protein O-GlcNAcylation is an evolutionary conserved post-translational modification catalysed by the nucleocytoplasmic O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). How site-specific O-GlcNAcylation modulates a diverse range of cellular processes is largely unknown. A limiting factor in studying this is the lack of accessible techniques capable of producing homogeneously O-GlcNAcylated proteins, in high yield, for in vitro studies. Here, we exploit the tolerance of OGT for cysteine instead of serine, combined with a co-expressed OGA to achieve site-specific, highly homogeneous mono-glycosylation. Applying this to DDX3X, TAB1, and CK2α, we demonstrate that near-homogeneous mono-S-GlcNAcylation of these proteins promotes DDX3X and CK2α solubility and enables production of mono-S-GlcNAcylated TAB1 crystals, albeit with limited diffraction. Taken together, this work provides a new approach for functional dissection of protein O-GlcNAcylation.
Effects of social comparison framing of racial health disparities and behaviors
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Niederdeppe Jeff
Published: October 2023

Messages that feature intergroup comparisons (social comparison frames) regularly communicate the relative prevalence of health problems and preventive behaviors. While prior studies find that comparing disease risks between racial groups are met with resistance from the disadvantaged group, we extended existing research by investigating if behavioral comparisons which show that the higher-risk group also excels in disease prevention efforts could mitigate negative impacts of disease risk comparisons. We conducted two preregistered experiments to examine the effects of comparing cancer risks and the prevalence of screening behaviors between Black and White Americans. Communicating racial disparities in breast cancer mortality reduced perceived risks and fear among White Americans (the less-at-risk group) and decreased cancer screening intention among Black Americans (the disadvantaged group). Adding cancer screening prevalence comparisons did not shift screening intentions among Black Americans but changed their support for disparity-reducing policies, though the effects depended on the disease in question.