bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La impresionante diversidad y estructura del bosque tropical a través de una gradiente altitudinal en la selva central del Perú
Authors: Monteagudo Abel , Villalba María , Pallqui Nadir , Phillips Oliver , Baker Timothy , Lopez-Gonzalez Gabriela , Pickavance Georgia , Chávez Wilfredo , Vásquez Rodolfo , Rojas Rocío , Valenzuela Luis , Chama Víctor , Catchpole Damien , Huamantupa Isau , Soto Yahn , Ramos Álvaro , Ramírez Carolina , Pedraza Miguel , Huari Gisela , Banda Karina , Honorio Eurídice , Farfán-Rios William , Dueñas Hugo , Monteagudo Rolando , Calatayud Gloria , Garate , Jorge , Marca-Zevallos Manuel J.
Published: July 2023

Los bosques pre-montanos y montanos son poco estudiados y su composición florística es muy poco conocida, aunque últimamente aquí se han descubierto nuevas especies de árboles. Describimos la diversidad, composición florística y estructura del bosque en 13 parcelas permanentes de 1 ha, evaluadas en el 2018 en el Transecto Yanachaga en el Perú (400 a 3170msnm). Registramos un total de 6998 árboles, 617 especies, 249 géneros y 82 familias. Existe unas altas correlaciones  entre la altitud, la riqueza y diversidad de especies. La mayor riquezaocurre en la parcela PNY-05 a 470 msnm con 202 especies y la menor con 43 especies en la parcela PNY-01 a 3170 mnsm. La altura promedio del dosel es mayor entre los 400 y 800 msnm, y disminuye progresivamente a medida que se va subiendo, presentando alturas mínimas entre 2800 y 3170 msnm. Este mismo comportamiento ocurre con respecto al área basal y volumen de madera. Los individuos muestreados están representados por especies de árboles (88%), palmeras (4%), helechos arborescentes (6.5%), lianas (1.5%) y hemiepífitos leñosos (0. 03%). Las f ormas de vi da varí an notablemente en el transecto altitudinal, los árboles y palmeras son más abundantes y diversos en la parte baja, mientras los helechos arborescentes son abundantes por encima de los 1800 m. Existen diferencias en la diversidad, composición y estructura de árboles entre parcelas y también si se compara al llano amazónico. Los bosques del Transecto Yanachaga juegan un papel importante, puesto que conservan una alta diversidad de especies y hábitats.
Surveying, identification and characterization for the potential honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollen sources in the arid region of Riyadh-Saudi Arabia
Authors: Amro Abdulraouf Mohamed , Mohamed Mohamed Omar , Al-Ghamdi Ahmad Alkhazim
Published: July 2023

This study was conducted targeting identification and documentation of major honeybee plants as pollen sources and their phenology in the central arid region of Saudi Arabia (Riyadh). Pollen loads were collected using pollen traps and were classified according to their color then traced back to plant species level. Throughout the year, sixteen plant species belonging to 10 plant families has been recorded and investigated by Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Asian mustard (Brassica tournefortii Gouan.) (15.91%), willow wattle (Acacia salicina Lindl.) (15.17%), mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) (Sw.) DC. (21.81%) and cat's head (Tribulus terresetris L. var. terrestris) (15.52%) were the dominant sources of pollen. The period from May to July was found to be a significant blooming period and the scarcity period was from December to March in the study area. Color, size and shape of the potential pollen sources were variable between different species. Beekeepers could trap pollen loads that were collected from these sources during February, April and July, respectively. In conclusion, wise use and rehabilitation of these potentially identified bee plant species shall be considered in attempting beekeeping development.
Wamena Arabica Coffee (Coffea Arabica) Bean Extract Cream Inhibits The Increase Of Tyrosynase And Melanin Levels In Guinea Pig (Cavia Porcellus) Exposed To UVB Lights
Authors: Sulaeman Try Christian , Ruma I Made Winarsa , Darmaputra I Gusti Nym , Linawati Ni Made , Dinata I Made Krisna , Praharsini I GAA
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Most of the aging process in the skin occurs due to exposure to sunlight, especially UV-B light, resulting in an increase in the activity of the tyrosinase enzyme and the amount of melanin which will cause hyperpigmentation of the skin. Antioxidants are substances that can provide protection from endogenous and exogenous oxidative stress by free radicals. The purpose of this study was to prove that Wamena roasted Arabica coffee bean extract cream can inhibit the enzymes tyrosinase and melanin in guinea pig exposed to UV-B lights. Methods: The design of this study was an animal experimental design with a randomized post-test only control group. The subjects of the study were 30 guinea pigs divided into 3 groups: group 1 as control, group 2 with placebo cream and group 3 was with 3% Wamena arabica coffee bean extract cream. The group 2 and 3 were exposed to UV-B light for 2 weeks. The skin of the guinea pig was excised for examination of the levels of the enzymes tyrosinase and melanin. Result: The average tyrosinase and melanin levels in control group were 19.891% and 4.62%, treatment group 2 was an average of 42.699% and 9.26% and treatment group 3 was 23.886% and 4.87%. Conclusion: Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) bean extract cream roasted Wamena 3% inhibits the tyrosinase enzyme levels and inhibits the melanin in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) which are exposed to ultraviolet B light.
Effect of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Ethanol Extract in Preventing Significant Increased Blood Glucose Levels, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Wistar Male Strain with Nicotinamid-Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Permata Ratna Tri , Darwinata Agus Eka , Saraswati Made Ratna , Pinatih Gde Ngurah Indraguna , Weta I Wayan , Yasa I Wayan Putu Sutirta
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Various efforts to prevent atherosclerosis, one of which is squalene supplementation. This review will discuss the role of squalene in preventing atherosclerosis through its effect on reducing LDL levels. Discussion: Squalene can prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques through the mechanism of suppressing the expression of the CD36 ox-LDL receptor on the surface of monocytes and macrophages, thereby reducing the uptake of ox-LDL without causing cytotoxicity. In addition, squalene also provides an antiproliferative effect on macrophages and monocytes resulting in a decrease in the formation of atherosclerosis. Conclusion: In theory, administration of Squalene can prevent atherosclerosis by reducing total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and increasing HDL levels.
The Design and Implementation of Online Examination Hall Allocation System for Students in Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna
Authors: Mora Hafsat , Sulaiman Ummukulthum Isah , Musa Farouk Ndamadu
Published: July 2023

The purpose of examination hall allocation process is to determine the venue of students who are candidates of examination in any given institutions and also be able to give first-hand information about any student who sat for the exam. The aim of the project is to design and implement online examination hall allocation system for students in Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna. The new system will be achieved using Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology. The software required to design the new system includes Adobe Dreamweaver, the programming language that will be used comprises of Hypertext Mark-up Language, JavaScript’s, Cascading Style Sheet and Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), the website will be tested on a local web server “XAMPP” and Structured Query Language is used for the Database design. The project work covered all the necessary details involved in designing the Online exam hall allocation system. The web-based application is aimed at allocating halls only to students and keeping record in a database. The methodology focused on the study area, system design analysis, review of proposed system and architecture of the system. Other method of information generation adopted includes relevant literatures (such as textbooks.) and surfing the Internet, the concerned with presentation of the implementation, the different views of the scheduling on computer system. Therefore, this project if implemented will replace the manual method of exam hall allocation in department of computer science and enhance the process of hall allocation also, would address the problems of the existing system paper based outlined earlier.
OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN KELAS ALAM PADA MASA PANDEMI DI DUSUN KEDATUK DESA KEMBANG KERANG DAYA
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Sabri Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Pengabdian ini dilakukan di dusun kedatuk desa kembang kerang daya tepatnya di kelompok belajar kelas alam yang bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan pengelolaan kelompok belajar tersebut. metode yang digunakkan dalam proses pengabdian adalah 1) Mentoring, 2) Partisipasi aktif dalam pembelajaran, 3) Diskusi, dan 4) Penyediaan referensi tambahan. Melalui metode tersebut kami menemukan bahwa pengelolaan kelas alam secara umum sudah mengikuti prinsip-prinsip manajemen, mulai dari perancanaan, pelaksanaan, kontrol hingga evaluasi, sebagian besar sudah dilaksanakan dalam mengelola kelas alam hanya saja belum maksimal dan tidak terdokumentasi. Atas dasar temuan tersebut kami mengadakan mentoring untuk mengoptimalkan pengelolaan kelas alam tersebut, terutama dalam proses perencanaan dan evaluasinya
MENUMBUHKAN MINAT BACA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI MEDIA POJOK BACA DI RA SUNAN GIRI DAN KB SUNAN GIRI DESA NGEBRUK
Authors: Alifah Mulqohibah Jamaliyah Nur , Setyawan Prayoga Fajar , Khusna Putri Maulidah Al , Luzsanti Debby
Published: July 2023

Minat baca merupakan keinginan, kemauan dan dorongan dari diri sendiri untuk membaca, minat yang mendorong kita agar kita dapat merasakan ketertarikan dan senang terhadap aktivitas membaca dan mendapatkan pengetahuan yang luas dalam kegiatan membaca. UNESCO menyebutkan Indonesia berada pada urutan kedua dari bawah terkait literasi dunia. Rendahnya minat baca ini membuat banyak inovasi yang bermunculan seperti ide pembuatan pojok baca. Pembuatan pojok baca dimaksudkan untuk menanamkan minat baca pada anak khususnya di Desa Ngebruk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peranan pojok baca dalam menumbuhkan minat siswa membaca usia KB dan RA. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kualitatif dengan instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, wawancara dan Dokumentasi.
A sensitivity study on radiative effects due to the parameterization of dust optical properties in models
Authors: Fountoulakis Ilias , Tsekeri Alexandra , Kazadzis Stelios , Amiridis Vassilis , Nersesian Angelos , Tsichla Maria , Proestakis Emmanouil , Gkikas Antonis , Papachristopoulou Kyriakoula , Barlakas Vasileios , Emde Claudia , Mayer Bernhard
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Most of the dust models underestimate the load of the large dust particles, consider spherical shapes instead of irregular ones, and have to deal with a wide range of dust refractive index (RI) to be used. This leads to an incomplete assessment of the dust radiative effects and dust-related impacts on climate and weather. The current work aims to provide an assessment, through a sensitivity study, of the limitations of models to calculate the dust direct radiative effect (DRE) due to the underrepresentation of its size, RI and shape. We show that the main limitations stem from the size and RI, while the shape plays only a minor role, with our results agreeing with recent findings in the literature. At the top of the atmosphere (TOA) close to dust sources, the underestimation of size issues an underestimation of the direct warming effect of dust of ~18–25 W/m2, for dust aerosol optical depth (DOD) of 1 at 0.5 μm, depending on the solar zenith angle (SZA) and RI. The underestimation of the dust size in models is less above the ocean than above dust sources, resulting in an underestimation of the direct cooling effect of dust above the ocean by up to 3 W/m2, for AOD of 1 at 0.5 μm. We also show that the RI of dust may change its DRE by 80 W/m2 above the dust sources, and by 50 W/m2 at downwind oceanic areas, for AOD of 1 at 0.5 μm at TOA. These results indicate the necessity of including more realistic sizes and RIs for dust particles in dust models, in order to derive better estimations of the dust DRE, especially near the dust sources and mostly for studies dealing with local radiation effects of dust aerosols.
LIME: Lunar Irradiance Model of ESA, a new tool for the absolute radiometric calibration using the Moon
Authors: Toledano Carlos , Taylor Sarah , Barreto África , Adriaensen Stefan , Berjón Alberto , Bialek Agnieska , González Ramiro , Woolliams Emma , Bouvet Marc
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Absolute calibration of Earth observation sensors is key to ensuring long term stability and interoperability, essential for long term global climate records and forecasts. The Moon provides a photometrically stable calibration source, within the range of the Earth radiometric levels and is free from atmospheric interference. However, to use this ideal calibration source one must model the variation of its disk integrated irradiance resulting from changes in Sun-Earth-Moon geometries. LIME, the Lunar Irradiance Model of the European Space Agency, is a new lunar irradiance model developed from ground-based observations acquired using a lunar photometer operating from the Izaña Atmospheric Observatory and Teide Peak, located in Tenerife, Spain. Nightly top-of-atmosphere irradiance is determined using the Langley plot method and each observation is traceable to the international system of units (SI), through the photometer calibration performed at the National Physical Laboratory. Approximately 590 lunar observations acquired between March 2018 and December 2022 currently contribute to the model parameter derivation, which builds on the widely-used ROLO (Robotic Lunar Observatory) model analytical formulation. This paper presents the strategy used to derive LIME model parameters: the characterisation of the lunar photometer, the derivation of nightly top of atmosphere lunar irradiance and a description of the model parameter derivation, along with the associated metrologically-rigorous uncertainty. The model output has been compared to PROBA-V, Pleiades, Sentinel 3B as well as to the VITO implementation of the ROLO model. Initial results indicate that LIME predicts 3 %–5 % higher disk integrated lunar irradiance than the ROLO model for the visible and near-infrared channels. The model output has an expanded (k = 2) radiometric uncertainty of ∼2 % at the lunar photometer wavelengths, and it is expected that planned observations until at least 2024 further constrain the model parameters in subsequent updates.
Future water storage changes over the Mediterranean, Middle East, and North Africa in response to global warming and stratospheric aerosol intervention
Authors: Rezaei Abolfazl , Karami Khalil , Tilmes Simone , Moore John C.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Water storage plays a profound role in the lives of people across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) as it is the most water stressed region worldwide. The lands around the Caspian and Mediterranean Seas are simulated to be very sensitive to future climate warming. Available water capacity depends on hydroclimate variables such as temperature and precipitation that will depend on socioeconomic pathways and changes in climate. This work explores changes in both the mean and extreme terrestrial water storage (TWS) under an unmitigated greenhouse gas (GHG) scenario (SSP5-8.5) and stratospheric aerosol intervention (SAI) designed to offset GHG-induced warming above 1.5 °C and compares both with historical period simulations. Both mean and extreme TWS are projected to significantly decrease under SSP5-8.5 over the domain, except for the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in the wetter lands around the Caspian and Mediterranean Seas. Relative to global warming, SAI partially ameliorates the decreased mean TWS in the wet regions while it has no significant effect on the increased TWS in drier lands. In the entire domain studied, the mean TWS is larger under SAI than pure greenhouse gas forcing, mainly due to the significant cooling, and in turn, a substantial decrease of evapotranspiration under SAI relative to SSP5-8.5. Changes in extreme water storage excursions under global warming are reduced by SAI. Extreme TWS under both future climate scenarios are larger than throughout the historical period across Iran, Iraq, and the Arabian Peninsula, but the response of the more continental eastern North Africa hyper-arid climate is different from the neighboring dry lands.
Gaussian wake model fitting in a transient event over Alpha Ventus wind farm
Authors: Krutova Maria , Bakhoday-Paskyabi Mostafa
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Engineering wake models are defined by mathematical expressions and a set of coefficients. Because of their simplicity, the models may be rigid in transient events such as open cellular convection (OCC), characterized by a strong wind speed and direction change within tens of minutes. We use the results of a multiscale wind-wake modeling during an OCC event at the Alpha Ventus wind farm in the Southern North Sea to study how Gaussian models capture wake deficit variabilities. We find that the Jensen-Gaussian model would benefit from a constant coefficient tuning. On the contrary, the Bastankhah and Porté-Agel model and the super-Gaussian model are consistent without tuning but perform best with different deficit distribution shapes.
Assessment of nutrient digestibility in four dry dog foods containing different levels of protein, fat and carbohydrate
Authors: Akhil Prem , Ally K. , Ajith K. S. , Jasmine Rani , Sathu T.
Published: July 2023

A study was undertaken in switch over design to find out the effects of four different treatment combinations of protein, fat and carbohydrates in dry dog foods on the apparent digestibility of nutrients. Four medium sized healthy adult nondescript dogs of about one to two years of age and around 10 to 15 kg body weight were selected and allotted to four dietary treatments- T1 (40 per cent CP, 23 per cent fat, 30 per cent carbohydrate and 3626 kcal ME), T2 (35 per cent CP, 20 per cent fat, 38 per cent carbohydrate and 3528 kcal ME), T3 (26 per cent CP, 15 per cent fat, 52 per cent carbohydrate and 3475 kcal ME) and T4 (20 per cent CP, 11 per cent fat 62 per cent carbohydrate and 3370 kcal ME). The feeding trial was conducted in switch over model of design with one week in between the periods to nullify carry over effect. Results revealed that levels of nutrients in diet had a significant influence on nutrient digestibility in the experimental animals. Among the dietary treatments, T1 with higher fat and protein levels had better dry matter digestibility while T3 diet containing 26 per cent protein, 15 per cent fat and 52 per cent carbohydrate had better crude protein and ether extract digestibility, hence can be recommended.
Effect of fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance and carcass traits in broiler chicken
Authors: Arundhathi U. , Anitha P. , Sankaralingam S. , Shamna T.P. , Priya P.M.
Published: July 2023

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary inclusion of fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance and carcass traits in broiler chicken up to 42 days of age. A total of 160, day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted into five dietary treatment groups, viz. T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 with four replicates having eight bird each, in a completely randomised design. The birds in the control group (T1) were fed with standard broiler ration formulated as per BIS (2007). The diets in groups T2 to T5 were formulated by inclusion of five per cent cottonseed meal (CSM), five per cent FCSM (T3), 10 per cent FCSM (T4) and 15 per cent FCSM (T5), respectively. All the experimental diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Fermentation of CSM significantly (p<0.05) increased its moisture, crude protein and total ash content and reduced dry matter and crude fibre content. The mean body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio of broilers in different treatment groups at sixth week of age did not differ significantly. The carcass characteristics at sixth week also did not differ significantly among treatments, except ready to cook yield per cent which was significantly (p<0.05) higher in FCSM groups. The highest net profit per kilogram body weight was obtained in 10 per cent FCSM group (T4 group), followed by T3, T5, T2 and T1.
Combined thickness of uterus and placenta, foetal heart rate oscillations and progesterone concentration in last week of canine gestation
Authors: Princy J. , Magnus P. K. , Jayakumar C. , Simon Shibu , George Arun
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the combined thickness of uterus and placenta, foetal heart rate and serum progesterone concentration in prepartum bitches. Eighteen pregnant female dogs in the last week of gestation were subjected to ultrasonographic examination and progesterone assay to evaluate changes prior to impending whelping. No significant difference was found in the combined thickness of uterus and placenta measurements in the last week of gestation. However, foetal heart rate showed oscillations and progesterone declined 12h prior to whelping.
Identification of genetic variants by whole genome sequencing in Ankamali pigs of Kerala
Authors: Roy Michelle Elizabeth , Manoj M. , Rojan P.M. , Sadan Tina , Aravindakshan T.V. , Usha A.P. , Unnikrishnan M.P.
Published: July 2023

Ankamali pig is a domesticated native variety of Kerala which is well known for its disease resistance, lean meat and adaptability to hot tropical environments. Recent breakthrough in genome sequencing technologies have created unparalleled prospects to characterize individual genomic landscapes and identifying mutations between and within populations. The current study aims to determine the genetic variations in Ankamali pigs using whole genome sequencing. The GATK HaplotypeCaller was used to identify the variants. There were over 26 million (26,604,589) single nucleotide variants (SNVs), including more than 21 million SNPs and over 5 million indels. In Ankamali pigs, the total genome length obtained was more than 2.5 billion with an average variant rate of one variant in every 94 bases. The significance of different variant rate on 18 chromosomes were analysed using the chi-square statistics. The variant rates in Sus scrofa chromosomes10 and 13 were significantly different (p<0.01%) in Ankamali pigs. The significantly higher variable rate on chromosome 10 was observed with one variant per 64 bases. Whereas, significantly lower variable rate was observed on chromosome 13, with one variant in every 122 bases. The variant rate reported on Sus scrofa chromosome 12 (SSC12) was also significantly higher (p<0.05%), having one variant per 72 bases. The variability of many genes and QTLs associated with several haematological traits and meat quality traits located on these chromosomes may contribute the phenotypic and genetic uniqueness of Ankamali animals.
Optimization of casein based edible coating for paneer using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Archana S. , Divya K.B. , Warrier Aswin S. , Arshath Mohammed , Rajakumar S.N.
Published: July 2023

The perishability of paneer, a popular and nutritious dairy product, poses a serious threat to its marketability. This study is focused on applying an optimized edible coating based on Sodium caseinate (SC) and clove bud essential oil on paneer. The ingredients, SC, glycerol, pectin solution, and clove bud essential oil were optimized using the Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) of response surface methodology and the results showed that the experimental data could be adequately fitted to a second-order polynomial model with a satisfactory Coefficient of determination (R2 > 50%). The optimized formulation of the coating solution, obtained after validation and verification, was 13% SC, 3% glycerol, 1.25% pectin, and 0.3% clove bud essential oil.
Relation of Intima Media Thickening of Carotid Arteries with Parameters of Lipid Profile in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients
Authors: Samreen Talat , Aijaz Asma , Fahmi Shazia , Ahmad Hira , Naz Nasreen , Amir Erum
Published: July 2023

Objective: To find out the relation between carotid intima media thickening (CIMT) and lipid profile in HCV seropositive patients. Study Design & Setting: Descriptive, cross sectional study. Methodology: Study was conducted in the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences of Dow University of Health Sciences. Duration of study wsd 13 months. After ethical approval, a total of ninety participants including thirty (n=30) control (Group A) and sixty (n=60) HCV sero-positive patients (Group B) were inducted in the study from the hepatitis clinic of Ruth Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, Those with history of smoking, hypertension, alcohol, pregnancy, ascities, coinfection with other hepatitis viruses and not willing to participate were excluded. After consent, demographic and anthropometric data were recorded. Blood samples were taken for fasting blood glucose and lipid profile estimation. CIMT was estimated by carotid doppler ultrasound. Data entered and analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. and presented as frequency (n; %) and mean ±SD. Student “t” test and Pearson’s correlation test were applied where appropriate. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Demographic and anthropometric characteristics of HCV sero-positive participants showed non-significant difference compared to control. FBG and CIMT were found to be significantly raised in HCV infected patients while lipid profile parameters showed insignificant difference. Pearson’s correlation test revealed insignificant relation of lipid profile parameters with CIMT (p > 0.000). Conclusion: HCV seropositive patients had significantly raised CIMT with non-significant relation with parameters of lipid profile
Outcome of Early Weight Bearing Cast for the Treatment of Jones Fracture
Authors: Shah Faaiz Ali , Ali Mian Amjad , Dawar Naeemullah , Iqbal Mian Javed
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine the radiological and functional outcome of acute Jones fracture treated conservatively in early weight bearing cast. Study Design and Setting: This study was conducted in Orthopaedic Division Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. The duration of study extended from 25th August 2018 to 13th November 2022. Methodology: All patients of both gender and age 18 years and above with isolated Jones fracture fulfilling the inclusion criteria were treated in below knee early weight bearing cast. Radiological union was assessed by noting callus and obliteration of fracture line. The functional outcome was determined using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score(AOFAS) after cast removal. Results: This study included a total of 319 patients of Jones fractures who were treated in early weight bearing cast, the mean age was 34.41±4.29 years. Female patients were 245(76.80%) while male were 74(23.19%). Right foot was involved in 211(66.14%) patients and left in 108(33.85%). The average union time was 6.2±1.2 weeks. Majority(99.0%,n=316) of our patients achieved union. Non union was reported in only 3(0.94%) patients. Excellent functional outcome was documented in our patients as indicated by mean AOFAS score 99.1±1.1. Comparison of AOFAS score for gender, side and type of fracture did not reveal any significant difference.(p>0.05) Conclusion: Early weight bearing cast is an effective modality of conservatively treating acute Jones fractures as shown by higher union rate and excellent functional outcome in majority of our patients
Prevention of Pressor response to Laryngoscopy: A Comparison of Lignocaine with Dexmedetomidine
Authors: Shahid Ayesha , Maqbool Muhammad Salman , Shabbir Sidra , Hameed Fahd Mudassar , Shabana Nargis , Tayyab Fareeha
Published: July 2023

Objective: To compare intravenous Lignocaine with Dexmedetomidine for prevention of pressor response to laryngoscopy. Study design and setting: Randomized Clinical Trial at Anesthesia Department, RIHS Islamabad. (1st May2019 To 30th October 2019) Methodology: 68 patients with age 20-60 years, ASA status(I or II), planned for elective surgeries under GA were included in this study and randomly divided into groups A and B by lottery method. Patients with history of hypertension, heart blocks, beta-blockers were excluded from study. Group-A patients were given injection Lignocaine 2% 1mg/kg 1min before induction and Group-B patients were given injection Dexmedetomidine 1ug/kg 15 min before induction of anesthesia. After premedication with injection Midazolam, Nalbuphine, and Ondansetron, Induction of anesthesia was done with injection Propofol and Cisatracurium. Patients were intubated. Use of stylet,BURP maneuver, incidence of laryngospasm was noted. Vitals before and after intubation were noted. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic profile,use of a stylet, BURP maneuver and laryngospasm in both groups. ANOVA test shows significant decrease in change in Systolic BP in Dexmedetomidine group at 2 and 3 minutes after intubation as compared to Lignocaine group however Diastolic BP and Heart rate was comparable in both groups. Paired t test showed a significant decrease in Systolic and Diastolic BP in both groups( more in Dexmedetomidine group).Regarding heart rate paired t test showed insignificant difference in Lignocaine group and significant difference in Dexmedetomidine group. Conclusion: Intravenous Dexmedetomidine is superior to Lignocaine to prevent pressor response to laryngoscopy
Unravelling the Influence of Demographic and Lifestyle Factors on Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients
Authors: Ahmed Shabeer , Raziq Hammad , Sadiq Noman , Soomro Sana , Amjad Rubina , Baloch Wazir Ahmed
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To determine the association of Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) level with Age, blood glucose level, Exercise, Gender and Smoking in diabetic retinopathy patients. Study Design and settings: A case-control study was carried in the physiology department at the Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre in Karachi From April 2019 to October 2020. Methodology: One hundred people were divided into four groups which were; Group D (n=25) were healthy normal individuals; Group C (n=25) diabetic patient's with moderate retinopathy; Group B (n=25) diabetic patient's with mild retinopathy while Group A (n=25) diabetic patients with no retinopathy. Every participant was checked for blood sugar level, retinoscopy through slit lamp examination and serum MCP-1 level. The association was made between diabetic retinopathy, MCP-1 protein levels, age, gender, smoking and exercise. Results: MCP-1 levels are significantly greater in diabetic males with moderate retinopathy compared to diabetic females with moderate retinopathy (p-value 0.042). Similarly, smoking is associated with the elevation of MCP-1 levels in diabetic patients with moderate retinopathy (p-value 0.05). Exercise has no significant effect on MCP-1 levels in all groups. An increase in age, HbA1C, fasting and random blood glucose levels were significantly correlated with MCP-1 levels ( pvalue 0.000) Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that an advance in age and an increase in blood glucose level are associated with an increased level of MCP-1 protein. Moreover, Male gender and smoking are also associated with enhanced MCP- 1 levels in diabetic patients with moderate retinopathy.
Acrylamide in Fried Foods: A Link to Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Kumar Aakash , Mehmood Kanza
Published: July 2023

Dear Editor, Recent news that has been circulating about fries or fried foods causing depression and anxiety, I believe it is important to clarify that it is not the fries or fried food itself that is causing depression, but rather a compound called Acrylamide, an intriguing and reactive molecule, is naturally produced when Asparagine, an amino acid found in plant-based foods like potatoes and cereal grains, undergoes a chemical reaction with sugars to naturally produce an intriguing and reactive molecule
THE ROLE OF CONTEXTS IN SUPPORTING EARLY STATISTICAL REASONING IN DATA MODELING
Authors: ZAPATA-CARDONA LUCIA
Published: July 2023

Data modeling is an essential activity in a data-driven society, but such a topic and how the context shapes it has received limited attention. This paper reports on research that investigated the role of context in supporting early statistical reasoning in the data modeling process. The data were collected throughout sessions in which young children (7 year-old) worked out problem activities designed to stimulate data modeling. The problem activities started by reading children’s story books purposefully created as a strategy to provide contexts of interest. The stories were inscribed within culturally relevant contexts in which the characters deal with data in different formats. The data modeling problem activities were closely related to the stories described within the books. Special attention was put into the actions of organizing, structuring, visualizing, and representing data and the role of the context in the data modeling process. The main results suggest that the context of the problem activities for the data modeling process seems to facilitate statistical reasoning in young children. Additionally, the context of the problem activities helped participants to develop strategies to identify attributes of data, assess the model created, make sense of the data, and make informal inferences.
Lichen Planus and Homoeopathy: Review Article
Authors: JS Sreevidhya
Published: July 2023

An idiopathic, cell-mediated immunological condition called lichen planus causes skin rash and itching. Homeopathic treatments target the body's weakened immune and gradually restore it to normal function. Here, an effort is made to explain the dynamics of lichen planus as well as the homoeopathic approach to treating it.

Keywords: Skin, Pruritis, Immunity, Homoeopathy
The Strategy to Internalize Social Care and Leadership Values for Early Childhood in Inclusive Schools in Bengkulu
Authors: Srihati Dewanti , Sutarto Joko , Sugiyo Pranoto Yuli Kurniawati
Published: July 2023

Early childhood education is an effort to stimulate and provide learning activities that will later produce children's abilities and skills. Early childhood education is carried out with the aim of helping early childhood in the aspect of development, with the existence of early childhood education children can express ideas through playing while learning. In addition, in early childhood education it is important to internalize character education, because character education is one of the efforts that can be made to help children's development involving knowledge, feelings, and actions. The purpose of this study is to determine the strategy of instilling character values of social care and leadership for early childhood students in inclusive schools in Bengkulu. The research method used in this study is mixed method or combined method with data collection through questionnaires and interviews. The sample in this study was TK B which amounted to 71 respondents and the subjects of the study were 5 kindergarten B teachers. The results showed that the categorization of social care and early childhood leadership profiles consisted of three categories, namely high, medium, and low. For social care profiles of 71 respondents, there were 32 people or around 45.1% in the high category, 33 people or 45.5% in the medium category, and 6 people or 8.5% in the low category. As for the leadership profile of 71 respondents, there were 21 people or 29.6% in the high category, 44 people or 62% in the medium category, and 6 people or 8.5% in the low category. Furthermore, the strategy carried out by teachers in instilling the value of social care and leadership using the method of telling stories, listening to speech, habituation, direct practice, and reminder methods.

Keywords: Early childhood education, Social care and leadership values, inclusive schools
RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND WORKERS SAFETY IN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES TEACHING HOSPITAL, ONDO STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Adepoju O. O. , Esan O.
Published: July 2023

Healthcare facilities play an important role in safeguarding life and ensuring well-being towards attaining Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs) 2030. However, healthcare organizations are harmful, requiring risk management to ensure occupational safety.  This study evaluated the effect of risk management on workers’ safety at the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo State. This study utilized a qualitative research methodology with a questionnaire to collect data, analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics of regression model and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a positive effect of risk management on workers' safety at the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo State. Health workers had undergone risk and safety management training and were aware of risk management practices. Incident reporting was the widely used risk management strategy, while safety training was underutilized. The lack of commitment of health workers to risk management procedures was a significant constraint.  The study recommended a well-designed risk management policy and systematic employee training to promote healthy and safe working conditions for health workers.
EFETIVIDADE DE OVERDENTURES RETIDAS POR UM IMPLANTE: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DO TIPO UMBRELLA
Authors: Xavier Lorena Raquel Matias , Silvestre Francisbênia Alves , Menezes Nicole Escórcio de , Lemos Gabriela da Silva , Peixoto Raniel Fernandes
Published: July 2023

Esta revisão sistemática (RS) avaliou o nível de evidência a cerca da efetividade de overdentures mandibulares retidas por 1 (OM-1i) e 2 (OM-2i) implantes, reunindo informações sobre a qualidade metodológica das revisões e variáveis biológicas, protéticas e sociais. Uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane e OpenGrey foi realizada por 2 revisores independentes. Baseado na estratégia PICOS, todas as RSs que incluíram grupos com OM-1i e OM-2i foram incluídas. A síntese dos dados foi realizada para variáveis primárias (perda do implante e falha da prótese) e secundárias (perda óssea, qualidade de vida,satisfação do paciente, função mastigatória e custo-efetividade). A avaliação da qualidade metodológica baseou-se no instrumento AMSTAR 2. Dentre 1422 resultados inicialmente obtidos, 8 RSs (5 com e 3 sem meta-análise) foram elegíveis para esta revisão do tipo umbrella (k=0,90). Para as variáveis primárias e secundárias, os estudos mostraram semelhança entre os grupos (p>0,05) em curto (até 1 ano) ou longo prazo (5 anos), por meio da análise de risco relativo e razão de chances. A qualidade metodológica mostrou-se moderada (12,5%), baixa (25%) e criticamente baixa (62,5%). Assim, OM-1i tem sido apontada como alternativa efetiva de tratamento por apresentar resultados similares às OM-2i. No entanto, estudos primários com maior qualidade devem ser desenvolvidos para evitar suposições baseadas em revisões com baixa qualidade de evidência.
O PAPEL PRÓ-OSTEOCLASTOGÊNICO DE TNF-ALFA VIA OSTEÓCITOS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Maia Giovanna Arcanjo , Oliveira Maria Caroline Sousa Queiroz Pereira de , Pereira Camila Rodrigues , Lima Vilma
Published: July 2023

O fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-a) possui um papel crítico nos mecanismos de patogênese da osteólise inflamatória. Entretanto, alguns detalhes permanecem obscuros quanto à sua atividade via osteócitos. Assim, buscou-se verificar naliteratura se o TNF-a influencia os osteócitos para a diferenciação dos osteoclastos. Para tanto, foram combinados os descritores 'TNF-a, RANKL, osteocyte, osteoclast e bone' junto à plataforma Pubmed Central, considerando os últimos 5 anos. Foramencontrados 19 artigos e, após leitura de títulos e resumos, foram selecionados os que avaliaram o papel de TNF-a na osteoclastogênese induzida pelo ativador do receptor do ligante do fator nuclear kappa-B (RANKL), e após a exclusão de revisõesde literatura e pesquisas que não avaliaram osteócitos, foram finalmente incluídos 7 estudos in vivo e in vitro. Um artigo utilizando modelo de perda óssea por desuso, um de por lesão de medula espinhal, outro de perda óssea associada à doença intestinal inflamatória, e mais dois artigos avaliando que o movimento ortodôntico em ratos demonstrou aumento de TNF-a e RANKL. Destes, um estudo evidenciou que a ausência de receptores de TNF-a reduziu a osteoclastogênese. Por fim, dois estudos in vitroevidenciaram que o TNF-a estimulou a expressão de RANKL por osteócitos. Em suma, o TNF-a induziu a expressão de RANKL nos osteócitos, sendo um importante mecanismo pelo qual esta citocina participa da osteoclastogênese induzida por RANKL. APOIO: PIBIC-UFC.
Threat of Climate Change
Authors: Singh Uma Shanker
Published: July 2023

The anthropogenic activities of mankind have led to an unprecedented rise in global greenhouse concentrations since the industrial revolution. The consequence of this unequivocal rise in global surface temperature has been witnessed over the last century and more so after 1970. The global surface temperature in the last twenty years (2001-2020) was 0.9°C higher than what was registered during 1850-1900 (IPCC, 2023). This has also been observed that the number of hot days every year has been on the increase when the temperature around touches 50°C. There are multiple reports which have predicted very hot summers across the globe in the coming days and the report further reveals that the total number of days when the temperature crossed 50°C in different parts of the world was 14 in the years between 1980 and 2009 whereas this rose to 26 days during 2010-2019. The year 2022 witnessed the hottest summer in many western and south-western European countries where the temperature was above 2.3°C above the pre-industrial average and this extraordinary temperature rise in different parts of Europe exacerbated many unimaginable things like a severe forest fire, drought, drying up of many water bodies and heat-related deaths.
A Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge regarding prevention of Urinary Tract Infection among Adolescent Girls at Selected Colleges in Gulbarga
Authors: Banu Nasreen
Published: July 2023

Backgrouund of the study: Urinary tract infection is common disease affecting all age groups, from newborn to old age.6 Among adolescent girls acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection is more prevalevent. This is the fourth main reason for out patient visit among adolescent women. Objectives: 1. To assess knowledge regarding prevention of urinary tract infection among adolescent girls in experimental and control group before and after the administration of planned teaching programme. 2. To determine the effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding prevention of urinary tract infection in terms of gain in knowledge scores of adolescent girls.3. To find the association of pre test level of knowledge of adolescent girls with their selected personal variables viz. age, religion, place of residence, occupation and education of their parents, female senior siblings and their education, exposure to mass media, previously suffered from urinary tract infection, related educative seminar attended previously at school or elsewhere. Method: A Quasi Experimental study was conducted among Adolescent girls from selected colleges of Gulbarga, A total of 100 adolescent girls were chosen by Purposive sampling technique and wee divided into two groups as Experimental group and Control group (50 Each). Structured Knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data from the samples on Knowledge regarding Urinary tract infection followed by Planned teaching Programme was conducted on7th day Post test was conducted. Results: The results of the studies revealed during Pre-test the knowledge of the Adolescent girls in Experimental group was 12.04 and in Control group was 11.38 and in Post-test the Experimental group was 23.52 and in Control group was 11.42. The Calculated Paired `t`- test was 27.14 at 0.05 level which was found to be significant implying Planned teaching programme was effective in enhancing Knowledge of Adolescent girls regarding Urinary tract infections.
Supervised learning for Attack Detection in Cloud
Authors: Kumar Animesh , Dutta Sandip , Pranav Prashant
Published: July 2023

In this study, we approach a supervised learning algorithm to detect attacks in cloud computing. We categorize “Normal” and “Attack” statuses on the dataset. The model evaluation process uses the kappa statistic, the F1-score, recall, accuracy, and precision. The system has a very high detection and efficiency rate, with a detection rate of over 99%. A total of 9594 cases and 44 distinct columns are included in the dataset. The study's results were displayed using a ROC curve and a confusion matrix. This study focuses on implementing a supervised learning algorithm for detecting attacks in cloud computing environments. The main objective is distinguishing between "Normal" and "Attack" statuses based on a carefully curated dataset. Several metrics, such as the kappa statistic, F1-score, recall, accuracy, and precision, are employed to evaluate the model's performance. The dataset utilized in this research comprises 9594 cases and encompasses 44 distinct columns, each representing specific features relevant to cloud computing security. Through a rigorous evaluation process, the algorithm demonstrates exceptional efficiency, achieving a remarkable detection rate of over 99%. Such high accuracy in identifying attacks is crucial for ensuring the integrity and security of cloud-based systems. The significance of this study lies in its successful application of a supervised learning approach to tackle cloud computing security challenges effectively. The model's high detection rate and efficiency indicate its potential for real-world deployment in cloud-based systems, contributing to enhanced threat detection and mitigation. These results hold promising implications for bolstering the security measures of cloud computing platforms and safeguarding sensitive data and services from potential attacks.