Epidemiological Analysis of the Sequelae of Orbital Trauma in the Mexican Population of a National Concentration Hospital; Traumatology Hospital "Dr. Victorio De La Fuente Narváez" IMSS
Authors:   Médico especialista en Oftalmología, Alta especialidad en Órbita, párpados y vías lagrimales. Alumna del curso de Adiestramiento en “Trauma Ocular” en el Hospital de Traumatología ", Gazcón Dra. Noemí Porras ,   Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narváez”, UMAE, IMSS, México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., Medina Dra. Violeta Araoz ,   Médico especialista en Oftalmología, Médico Adscrito al Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital de Traumatología “Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narváez”, UMAE, IMSS, México. Tutora del curso de Adiestramiento en “Trauma Ocular”, Ibarra Dra. Patricia Muñoz ,   Médico especialista en Oftalmología, Alumna del curso de Adiestramiento en “Trauma Ocular” en el Hospital de Traumatología "Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narváez”, UMAE, IMSS, México. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México., Vega Randy De Los Santos ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México | ORCID 0009-0005-8232-6155, Rodríguez Mauricio Alejandro Lozano ,   Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes | ORCID 0009-0004-6500-8342, Ortiz María Estefani Montes ,   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla. ORCID 0009-0005-7145-8371, Barretero Idaly Baeza ,   Universidad Autónoma De Ciudad Juárez | ORCID 0009-0005-3275-9075, Santiago Martin Gallegos ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina | ORCID 0009-0002-3882-2053, Mascareño Verónica Gonzalez ,   Hospital de especialidades de Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Crespo Sam Maximiliano Arellano ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California | ORCID: 0009-0006-1217-0244, Cervantes Carlos Joaquín Cortés ,   Fundación Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Luz, CDMX | 0009-0002-0829-0527, Zarazúa Ana Paula Montemayor ,   Tecnológico de Monterrey | 0009-0008-3026-0643, González Héctor César Martín ,   Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes | 0009-0005-9950-558X, Castañeda José Fernando Montiel ,   Hospital General Ensenada, Secretaria de Salud | (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-216X)
Published: June 2024

Objective: To determine the epidemiological profile of the sequelae of orbital trauma in the Mexican population of a hospital of national concentration; in the period between January 1, 2013 and March 31, 2017. Design: Observational, retrospective and transversal. Methodology: Collection of data from clinical files of patients seen in Ophthalmology with diagnosis of orbital trauma (1002 patients); subsequently, they were recorded in a database and the information was emptied in SPSS for statistical analysis. Results: The presence of sequelae was related to the type of trauma, the method of reconstruction and the approach employed. 60.38% of the cases presented sequelae. When evaluating the orbital sequelae associated with orbital fractures, it was observed that the most frequent sequels were Mechanical Strabismus, Diplopia, Anisocoria and Enophthalmos. In none of these associations was a significant p value obtained in the Chi-square test, however none exceeded the unit. Conclusions: Patients with orbital trauma are increasing. It was observed that the most frequent fracture is the floor fracture and therefore in which more sequels are observed so we must be careful to prevent or minimize them intentionally. The most prevalent postoperative sequelae were diplopia and mechanical strabismus. In this study, important epidemiological data were obtained that can help to broaden knowledge and guide the personnel who treat orbital trauma to prevent and / or minimize sequelae, providing a better functional and aesthetic prognosis.