bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Property in Alkaline Solution of Molybdenum Disulfide Modified by Surface Anchor of Nickel–Phosphorus Coating
Authors: He Jun , Song Laizhou , Yan Jiayun , Kang Ning , Zhang Yingli , Wang Wei
Published: June 2017

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is unfavorable for practical application in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) process due to its inert basal surface, inferior conductivity, and limited amount of active edge sites. For the purpose of enhancing the HER performance of this catalyst, the HER activity of its basal surface should be increased. Herein, three types of nickel-phosphorus (Ni–P) coatings—namely, low phosphorus (LP), medium phosphorus (MP) and high phosphorus (HP) —were anchored onto the surfaces of MoS2 nanoparticles via an electroless plating process; thus, three Ni–P/MoS2 composites (Ni–LP/MoS2, Ni–MP/MoS2, and Ni–HP/MoS2) were fabricated. Crystal structures, morphologies, chemical components, and HER performances of each in an alkaline solution were characterized. Both Ni–LP/MoS2 and Ni–MP/MoS2 showed a crystal nature, while the amorphous feature for Ni–HP/MoS2 was validated. The three Ni–P/MoS2 composites exhibited a higher HER activity than the pure MoS2. The HER performance of the Ni–MP/MoS2 composite was more outstanding than those of other two composites, which could be attributed to the presence of metastable nickel phosphides, and the excellent conductivity of Ni–MP coating anchored on the basal surface of MoS2.
Interaction of Candida Species with the Skin
Authors: Kühbacher Andreas , Burger-Kentischer Anke , Rupp Steffen
Published: June 2017

The human skin is commonly colonized by diverse fungal species. Some Candida species, especially C. albicans, do not only reside on the skin surface as commensals, but also cause infections by growing into the colonized tissue. However, defense mechanisms at the skin barrier level are very efficient, involving residential non-immune and immune cells as well as immune cells specifically recruited to the site of infection. Therefore, the skin is an effective barrier against fungal infection. While most studies about commensal and pathogenic interaction of Candida species with host epithelia focus on the interaction with mucosal surfaces such as the vaginal and gastrointestinal epithelia, less is known about the mechanisms underlying Candida interaction with the skin. In this review, we focus on the ecology and molecular pathogenesis of Candida species on the skin and give an overview of defense mechanisms against C. albicans in this context. We also discuss new research avenues in dermal infection, including the involvement of neurons, fibroblasts, and commensal bacteria in both mouse and human model systems.
Adaptive Grouping Distributed Compressive Sensing Reconstruction of Plant Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Xu Ping , Liu Junfeng , Xue Lingyun , Zhang Jingcheng , Qiu Bo
Published: June 2017

With the development of hyperspectral technology, to establish an effective spectral data compressive reconstruction method that can improve data storage, transmission, and maintaining spectral information is critical for quantitative remote sensing research and application in vegetation. The spectral adaptive grouping distributed compressive sensing (AGDCS) algorithm is proposed, which enables a distributed compressed sensing reconstruction of plant hyperspectral data. The spectral characteristics of hyperspectral data are analyzed and the joint sparse model is constructed. The spectral bands are adaptively grouped and the hyperspectral data are compressed and reconstructed on the basis of grouping. The experimental results showed that, compared with orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) and gradient projection for sparse reconstruction (GPSR), AGDCS can significantly improve the visual effect of image reconstruction in the spatial domain. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) at a low sampling rate (the sampling rate is lower than 0.2) increases by 13.72 dB than OMP and 1.66 dB than GPSR. In the spectral domain, the average normalized root mean square error, the mean absolute percentage error, and the mean absolute error of AGDCS is 35.38%, 31.83%, and 33.33% lower than GPSR, respectively. Additionally, AGDCS can achieve relatively high reconstructed efficiency.
Room escape at class: Escape games activities to facilitate the motivation and learning in computer science
Authors: Borrego Carlos , Fernández Cristina , Blanes Ian , Robles Sergi
Published: June 2017

Real-life room-escape games are ludic activities in which participants enter a room in order to get out of it only after solving some riddles. In this paper, we explain a Room Escape teaching experience developed in the Engineering School at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. The goal of this activity is to increase student’s motivation and to improve their learning on two courses of the second year in the Computer Engineering degree: Computer Networksand Information and Security.
9th International Conference on University Teaching and Innovation (CIDUI): Learning and teaching innovation impacts
Authors: Organising Comittee CIDUI , Amante Beatriz , Martínez María
Published: June 2017

The Organising Committee of the 9th International Conference on University Teaching and Innovation (CIDUI) wishes to thank the Editorial Board of the Journal of Technology and Science Education (JOTSE) for publishing this special issue.Since the year 2000, a new CIDUI conference has been held every two years. Today, it is a well-established event that provides an opportunity to share advances and innovation in the field of higher education.Like the previous editions, this one was also committed to fostering an especially participatory working dynamic and to promoting different points of view. The programmed debates were complemented by contributions from recognised specialists regarding the main topic of the conference: Learning and teaching innovation impacts. In relation to this general subject, papers were specifically focused on one of the four thematic axes proposed for this edition:Analysis of the impact on university teaching and learningNew training scenesProfessional DevelopmentInnovative methodologies in teaching – learning processesThe present special issue of the Journal of Technology and Science Education - JOTSE consists of eleven papers.
The Role of Psychologists in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Testing
Authors: Linck John F. , Ostermeyer Britta , Valles Nizete-Ly , Flores Araceli , Shah Asim A.
Published: June 2017

Adults are commonly evaluated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the outpatient psychiatric setting. There are numerous challenges present in attempting to make the diagnosis in adults. The diagnosis often occurs only after a thorough history taking, review of previous medical/school records, and the administration of psychometric testing. Neuropsychological testing may not be indicated in every situation, but may be most helpful in cases in which there is suspicion of a comorbid disorder that may result in symptoms that appear similar to ADHD or when there are complex medical, emotional, and cognitive processes that may influence attention and concentration. Treatment providers should be aware that ADHD remains a clinical diagnosis and that neuropsychological testing may or may not be abnormal in adults with ADHD. Treatment may include both pharmacologic options as well as behavioral treatments and/or psychotherapy.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2017;47(6):296–302.]
Factors Influencing Active Family Engagement in Care Among Critical Care Nurses
Authors: Hetland Breanna , Hickman Ronald , McAndrew Natalie , Daly Barbara
Published: June 2017

Critical care nurses are vital to promoting family engagement in the intensive care unit. However, nurses have varying perceptions about how much family members should be involved. The Questionnaire on Factors That Influence Family Engagement was given to a national sample of 433 critical care nurses. This correlational study explored the impact of nurse and organizational characteristics on barriers and facilitators to family engagement. Study results indicate that (1) nurses were most likely to invite family caregivers to provide simple daily care; (2) age, degree earned, critical care experience, hospital location, unit type, and staffing ratios influenced the scores; and (3) nursing work-flow partially mediated the relationships between the intensive care unit environment and nurses’ attitudes and between patient acuity and nurses’ attitudes. These results help inform nursing leaders on ways to promote nurse support of active family engagement in the intensive care unit.
Measuring Outcomes of an Intensive Care Unit Family Diary Program
Authors: Huynh Truong-Giang , Covalesky Miranda , Sinclair Samantha , Gunter Heather , Norton Tamara , Chen Alice , Yi Cassia
Published: June 2017

Patients discharged from intensive care units are at risk of short- and long-term physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms known as post–intensive care syndrome. Family members of intensive care unit patients are at risk of similar symptoms known as post–intensive care syndrome–family. Both syndromes are common, and strategies to reduce risk factors should be employed. An intensive care unit diary project to help reduce these syndromes was implemented in 2 intensive care units using an evidence-based framework. The effects of these diaries were studied using the Family Satisfaction with Care in the Intensive Care Unit survey. Rates of referrals to a postintensive care unit recovery clinic were also observed in relation to the diaries. Although preliminary data did not reveal a significant increase in family satisfaction, the surveys provided important staff feedback. The diaries fostered feelings of compassion and caring as well as built trust between staff and family members of intensive care unit patients. The diaries increased referrals to the postintensive care unit recovery clinic.
Spatial analysis of the regional variation of reproductive tract infections and spousal migration correlates in Nepal
Authors: Johnson Derek C. , Lhaki Pema , Buehler Cherry Charlotte , Kempf Mirjam-Colette , Chamot Eric , Vermund Sten H. , Shrestha Sadeep
Published: June 2017

Nepal has a diverse geographic landscape that could potentially create clustered subpopulations with regional socio-cultures that could result in differential health outcomes. With an alarming rise in married male populations migrating for work, it is possible that these migrants are engaged in risky sexual behaviour, putting their wives at risk for infectious disease outcomes, including reproductive tract infections (RTI), when they return home. The prevalence of male migration varies by geographic region in Nepal and this variation could potentially contribute to different RTI rates. Using a cross-sectional dataset (the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey) including 9607 married women, we investigated geospatial and socio-cultural factors associated with the symptoms of RTIs with a focus on the husbands’ migration status. Choropleth maps were created to illustrate areas with high percentages of RTIs that correlated with migration patterns. Overall, 31.9% of the husbands were migrating for work. After adjusting for wealth, contraception use, age at first marriage, urban/rural status and husband’s education, women whose husbands had been absent for a year or more in Nepal’s Mid-West region (OR 1.93 95%, CI 1.02-3.67) or Far-West region (OR 2.89 95%, CI 1.24-6.73) were more likely to report RTI-like symptoms than others. Our results suggest a potential association between husbands’ migration status and Nepali women reporting RTI symptoms by geographic regions. However, further research is needed to put this outcome on a stronger footing with respect to this under-studied population, specifically in the context of geographical variation.
Cystic echinococcosis in cattle dairy farms: spatial distribution and epidemiological dynamics
Authors: Scala Antonio , Bosco Antonio , Pipia Anna Paola , Tamponi Claudia , Musella Vincenzo , Costanzo Nicola , Testoni Francesco , Montisci Antonio , Mocci Giovanni , Longhi Alessandro , Tilocca Laura , Rinaldi Laura , Cringoli Giuseppe , Varcasia Antonio
Published: June 2017

A study monitoring cystic echinococcosis (CE) in adult dairy cattle from intensive livestock farms located in the municipality of Arborea (Sardinia, Italy) was carried out between 2012 and 2015. A retrospective study of veterinary reporting forms of post-mortem inspections in 10 different Italian slaughterhouses was also performed. In addition, data on viability and molecular characterisation of hydatid cysts removed from parasitised organs in cattle was carried out. A geographical information system (GIS) with data layers of the study area and the geo-referenced points of 160 cattle farms was constructed. CE was found in 21.9% (35/160) of the surveyed farms. The retrospective study revealed that 0.05% (13/23,656) of adult slaughtered animals (over one year of age) from Arborea had tested positive to CE. The results stratified per year showed the following CE prevalences: 0.09% (5/5673) in 2012; 0.02% (1/5682) in 2013; 0.08% (5/6261) in 2014; and 0.03% (2/6040) in 2015 (χ2 with 3 degrees of freedom=3.81; P=0.282). The E. granulosus sensu stricto (formerly called G1 or sheep strain) was detected in all cysts subjected to molecular analysis. The GIS analysis showed that CE is fairly resilient in the Arborea territory where most of cattle farms are located, while a small cluster of cases was found located in the southeastern part of Arborea, close to districts where sheep farms are situated. The present survey reports the presence of CE in Sardinian dairy cattle intensive farms and suggests that the parasitic pressure of CE in the island continues to be very strong.
Quality evaluation of Saskatchewan lignite resources physical and chemical analyses
Authors: Tibbets T E
Published: June 2017

Since 1972 Canada and the province of Saskatchewan have been CO3 operating in a jointly financed program designed to evaluate the lignite ; resources in the Ravenscrag formation of southern Saskatchewan. In 1972 and 1973 a two-phased drilling program was
conducted in the four major coal areas, Estevan, Willow Bunch, Wood mountain and Shaunavon. During this program more than 700 bore holes were drilled and more than 6,000 coal-samples obtained. The author outlines the procedures followed to evaluate the physical and chemical properties and to record
for subsequent electronic processing the data resulting from the analyses of about 4,900 samples carried out by the department of energy/ mines and resources.
The Bay of Pigs: Revisiting Two Museums
Authors: Read Peter , Wyndham Marivic
Published: June 2017

The Museum of Playa Giron (the Bay of Pigs) in the region of Cienega De Zapata, Cuba, celebrates the repulse of Brigade 2506 as the first reverse of US imperialism on the American continents. The equivalent Brigade 2506 Museum in Miami, dedicated to and maintained by the members of Brigade 2506, celebrates defeat at the Bay of Pigs as moral victory for the Cuban exiles. The forces were indeed implacable foes.

Yet between the museums can be detected some curious similarities. Both present the common theme of the confrontation between forces of good and evil. Both celebrate the philosophy that dying for one’s country is the greatest good a citizen may achieve. Both museums fly the common Cuban flag. Both museums identify a common enemy: the United States of America.

This article, by comparing the displays in the two museums, analyses some cultural elements of what, despite decades of separation, in some ways remains a common Cuban culture.
Oral Histories of a Layered Landscape: The Rushworth Oral History Project
Authors: Reeves Keir , Sanders E. Rebecca , Chisholm Gordon
Published: June 2017

This article reflects the authors’ experience of undertaking an oral history project in the regional Victorian town of Rushworth. The authors of the article contend that to conduct an investigation of the natural and cultural heritage of the town and surrounding forests is also to engage in an archaeology of historical landscapes. The authors, after articulating the theoretical and methodological issues of oral history, name and trace the various historical layers of the landscape of Rushworth and the forest that surrounds the town. They argue that the use of oral history in conjunction with cultural landscape analysis enables a deeper understanding of the cultural complexity of the history of Rushworth and the surrounding region. Broader issues concerning regional identity and the role of historians in providing a greater understanding of the community in the present day are also evaluated.
Comparing Criteria: Assessing the Significance of Memorials
Authors: Murray Lisa
Published: June 2017

This article focuses on the practicalities of assessing the cultural significance of memorials. It outlines the main criteria that are currently in use in New South Wales – The Burra Charter, the NSW Heritage Branch assessment criteria and the National Trust’s Heritage Values for Cemeteries – and considers which are the most appropriate to apply to memorials. In doing this it highlights the inadequacies of significance criteria in capturing the memorial process and contested memories that are often attached to memorials. The philosophical question of when a memorial becomes heritage is also considered; and whether the act of heritage listing is a form of memorialisation in itself. This article draws upon the work of the Cemeteries Committee, a conservation technical committee of the National Trust of Australia (NSW).
Balancing Biography and Institutional History: Eric Worrell’s Australian Reptile Park
Authors: Cushing Nancy , Markwell Kevin
Published: June 2017

When a young naturalist opened his new wildlife park at Wyoming on the NSW Central Coast in the late 1950s, he gave it his own name: Eric Worrell’s Australian Reptile Park. Through the park, Worrell made a significant contribution to environmental education, the development of knowledge of captive animal care and display and the provision of antivenoms for the bites of a range of dangerous creatures. More than this, it was the geographic and emotional centre of Worrell’s world: the fulfilment of a childhood dream, a home for his family and a site for forming new personal and professional relationships. In preparation for the jubilee of the park, its history is being written by two academics from the University of Newcastle. An attractive means of creating the necessary narrative structure and human interest to ensure the wide appeal of this history is to follow Worrell’s lead and place his life at the centre of this institutional history. This is the direction suggested by the written sources on the park and it is accentuated by many of our oral informants who organise their memories of the park around Worrell. To what extent can an institutional history be a biography of the person at the heart of that institution? Is it possible to disentangle the life from the institution? This article offers some preliminary answers to these questions through a case study of the writing of a history of Eric Worrell’s Australian Reptile Park.
Though This be Madness: Heritage Methods for Working in Culturally Diverse Communities
Authors: Petersen John
Published: June 2017

In 1998, the NSW Migration Heritage Centre was conceived by the NSW Government as a virtual heritage centre to help ageing former migrants tell their stories. Migration museums and other organisations interested in heritage are grappling with how to identify, record, preserve and interpret the heritage legacy of migration and settlement in their communities. The distinctions between museum and environmental heritage practices have diminished during the past decade in Australia. The Centre’s methodologies are based on historic method and thematic and typology studies, better known for their application to heritage place identification and archaeological artefact studies than for their more recent use by some Australian museum curators for the survey and documentation of collections and community participation in heritage. The ‘virtual museum’ has enabled the Centre to break away from the centralised museum concept, with the associated trappings of venue management, to pioneer a decentralised and dispersed museum model that works almost entirely in collaborative community history research partnerships to document culturally significant collections, and associated migration memories, held by communities and private individuals. The work is centralised on the Centre’s website as a virtual collection of objects, places and associated memories. They are presented in online exhibitions for student research and as a destination for the mass audiences of the worldwide web.
Diverse Evill Persons: Echoes in the Landscape, Echoes in the Archives
Authors: Bashforth Martin , Bashforth Patricia
Published: June 2017

This is an account of a process, the working together of cross-disciplinary insights between an artist and a historian, to create a means by which members of the public might encounter the past on their own terms. In the summer of 2009, the historian [MB] and the conceptual artist [PB] decided to collaborate on a project based around events at Cannon Hall, Cawthorne in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 1673-74. The events are located in the B family genealogy but carry in them echoes of deeper social and economic forces in the past, as well as relevance to modern debates about crime, welfare and justice. The aim of the project is to create an exhibition/installation within which members of the public can experience what it means to make sense of the past through the prism of the present. The project is intended to challenge normative approaches in museology and the interpretation of heritage objects, places and documents. The article explores the foundational processes and concepts.
Public History in China: Is it Possible?
Authors: Li Na
Published: June 2017

This article, based on my experience of teaching a graduate seminar in public history at Chongqing University, explores the possibilities of public history in China. It discusses how a reflective and collaborative curriculum works, and its implication for establishing Public History programs in the Chinese context. The article also argues that, despite a myriad of challenges, public history pushes the methodological boundary of urban preservation in China.
Confederate Immigration to Brazil: A Cross-Cultural Approach to Reconstruction and Public History
Authors: Esposito Karina
Published: June 2017

Given the interconnectedness of the contemporary world, it is imperative that historians place their studies within a global context, connecting domestic and foreign events in order to offer a thorough picture of the past. As historians, we should aim at exploring transnational connections in our published research and incorporating the same methodologies in the classroom, as well as in the field of Public History. Cross-cultural collaboration and transnational studies are challenging, but exceptionally effective approaches to developing a comprehensive understanding of the past and connecting people to their history. Important recent scholarship has placed the American Civil War in a broad international and transnational context. This article argues for the importance of continuing this trend, pointing to a unique case study: the confederate migration to Brazil during and after the Civil War. This episode can help us understand the international impact of the War in the western hemisphere. These confederates attempted to preserve some aspects of their Southern society by migrating to Brazil, one of the remaining slaveholding societies in the hemisphere at the time. Moreover, the descendants that remained in Brazil have engaged in a unique process of remembering and commemorating their heritage over the years. Exploring this migration will enhance Civil War and Reconstruction historiography, as well as commemoration, heritage and memory studies.
Experiencing Place: An Auto-Ethnography on Digging and Belonging
Authors: Brown Steve
Published: June 2017

This article is concerned with personal heritage and the role of material things in the construction of place-attachment. My interest lies in interrogating my own sense of place-attachment (or belonging) to my home. I argue that personal experience can provide comparative information for investigating other peoples’ experiences of their ‘special places’. That is, by critically reflecting on my own connectivity to place I aim to gain a base-level of data that informs my understandings of other peoples’ experiences of place; that is, the social values of heritage places and/or archaeological sites. I argue that self-awareness and reflexivity are important tools in the work of archaeologists who seek to recognise and respect personal and communal place-attachments.
Everyday Magic: Some Mysteries of the Mantlepiece
Authors: Mills Ralph
Published: June 2017

Small mass-produced objects, such as ceramic figurines, that may have been displayed on mantelpieces, are found in working-class nineteenth and early twentieth century archaeological contexts. Above the hearth, at the heart of the home, objects located on the mantelpiece could be said to be central in reflecting a number of aspects of the lives of those who placed them there. These could include identity, resistance, memory and superstition.
Rethinking Materiality, Memory and Identity
Authors: Ireland Tracy , Lydon Jane
Published: June 2017

This introductory article  considers and questions exactly how materials and people constitute social worlds and relationships which sustain identity and memory and, in turn, the social and political structures or norms that these attachments invest in, stabilise and maintain.
Extending methane profiles from aircraft into the stratosphere for satellite total column validation using the ECMWF C-IFS and TOMCAT/SLIMCAT 3-D model
Authors: Verma Shreeya , Marshall Julia , Parrington Mark , Agustí-Panareda Anna , Massart Sebastien , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Wilson Christopher , Gerbig Christoph
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Airborne observations of greenhouse gases are a very useful reference for validation of satellite-based column-averaged dry air mole fraction data. However, since the aircraft data are available only up to about 9–13 km altitude, these profiles do not fully represent the depth of the atmosphere observed by satellites and therefore need to be extended synthetically into the stratosphere. In the near future, observations of CO2 and CH4 made from passenger aircraft are expected to be available through the In-Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) project. In this study, we analyse three different data sources that are available for the stratospheric extension of aircraft profiles by comparing the error introduced by each of them into the total column and provide recommendations regarding the best approach. First, we analyse CH4 fields from two different models of atmospheric composition – the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System for Composition (C-IFS) and the TOMCAT/SLIMCAT 3-D chemical transport model. Secondly, we consider scenarios that simulate the effect of using CH4 climatologies such as those based on balloons or satellite limb soundings. Thirdly, we assess the impact of using a priori profiles used in the satellite retrievals for the stratospheric part of the total column. We find that the models considered in this study have a better estimation of the stratospheric CH4 as compared to the climatology-based data and the satellite a priori profiles. Both the C-IFS and TOMCAT models have a bias of about −9 ppb at the locations where tropospheric vertical profiles will be measured by IAGOS. The C-IFS model, however, has a lower random error (6.5 ppb) than TOMCAT (12.8 ppb). These values are well within the minimum desired accuracy and precision of satellite total column XCH4 retrievals (10 and 34 ppb, respectively). In comparison, the a priori profile from the University of Leicester Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) Proxy XCH4 retrieval and climatology-based data introduce larger random errors in the total column, being limited in spatial coverage and temporal variability. Furthermore, we find that the bias in the models varies with latitude and season. Therefore, applying appropriate bias correction to the model fields before using them for profile extension is expected to further decrease the error contributed by the stratospheric part of the profile to the total column.
Continuous vertical aerosol profiling with a multi-wavelength Raman polarization lidar over the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Heese Birgit , Baars Holger , Bohlmann Stephanie , Althausen Dietrich , Deng Ruru
Published: June 2017

Abstract. A dataset of particle optical properties of the highly polluted atmosphere over the Pearl River Delta (PRD), Guangzhou, China, is presented in this paper. The data were derived from the measurements of a multi-wavelength Raman and depolarization lidar PollyXT and a co-located AERONET sun photometer. The measurement campaign was conducted from November 2011 to mid-June 2012. These are the first Raman lidar measurements in the PRD that lasted for several months. A mean value of aerosol optical depth (AOD) of 0.54 ± 0.33 was observed by the sun photometer at 500 nm in the polluted atmosphere over this megacity for the whole measurement period. The lidar profiles frequently show lofted aerosol layers, which reach altitudes of up to 2 to 3 km and, especially during the spring season, up to 5 km. These layers contain between 12 and 56 % of the total AOD, with the highest values in spring. The aerosol types in these lofted layers are classified by their optical properties. The observed lidar ratio values range from 30 to 80 sr with a mean value of 48.0 ± 10.7 sr at 532 nm. The linear particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm lies mostly below 5 %, with a mean value of 3.6 ± 3.7 %. The majority of the Ångström exponents lie between 0.5 and 1.5, indicating a mixture of fine- and coarse-mode aerosols. These results reveal that mostly urban pollution particles mixed with particles produced from biomass and industrial burning are present in the atmosphere above the Pearl River Delta. Trajectory analyses show that these pollution mixtures arise mainly from local and regional sources.
Retrieval and validation of METOP/IASI methane
Authors: De Wachter Evelyn , Kumps Nicolas , Vandaele Ann Carine , Langerock Bavo , De Mazière Martine
Published: June 2017

Abstract. A new global IASI methane product developed at the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB) is presented. The retrievals are performed with the ASIMUT-ALVL software based on the Optimal Estimation Method (OEM). This paper gives an overview of the forward model and retrieval concept. The usefullness of reconstructed Principal Component Compressed (PCC) radiances is highlighted. The retrieval uncertainty of the CH4 profiles is less than 4 % below 100 hPa (~ 16 km). The information content study carried out in this paper shows that most IASI pixels contain between 0.9 and 1.6 independent pieces of information about the vertical distribution of CH4, with a good sensitivity in the mid to upper troposphere. An extended validation with ground-based CH4 observations at 10 locations was carried out. IASI CH4 partial columns are found to correlate well with the ground-based data for 7 out of the 10 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) stations with correlation coefficients between 0.71 and 0.96. Mean differences between IASI and FTIR CH4 range between −1.93 and 4.40 % and are within the systematic uncertainty. For 7 out of the 10 stations absolute differences are less than 1 %. The standard deviation of the difference lies between 1.40 and 3.99 % for all the stations.
Geological nature of mineral licks and the reasons for geophagy among animals
Authors: Panichev Alexander M. , Popov Vladimir K. , Chekryzhov Igor Yu. , Seryodkin Ivan V. , Sergievich Alexander A. , Golokhvast Kirill S.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In this paper, the reasons for geophagy (the eating of rocks by wild herbivores) in two regions of the eastern Sikhote-Alin volcanic belt are considered. The mineralogical and chemical features of the consumed rocks, as well as the geological conditions of their formation, are investigated. A comparative analysis of the mineral and chemical composition of the consumed rocks and the excrement of the animals, almost completely consisting of mineral substances, is carried out. It is established that the consumed rocks are hydrothermally altered rhyolitic tuffs located in the volcanic calderas and early Cenozoic volcano-tectonic depressions. They consist of 30–65 % from zeolites (mainly clinoptilolites) and smectites, possessing powerful sorption properties. According to the obtained data, the main reason for geophagy may be connected with the animals' urge to discard excessive and toxic concentrations of certain elements that are widespread in specific habitats and ingested with forage plants.
Modelling biogeochemical processes in sediments from the north
western Adriatic Sea: response to enhanced POC fluxes
Authors: Brigolin Daniele , Rabouille Christophe , Bombled Bruno , Colla Silvia , Vizzini Salvatrice , Pastres Roberto , Pranovi Fabio
Published: June 2017

Abstract. This work presents the result of a study carried out in the north-western Adriatic Sea, by combining two different types of biogeochemical models with field sampling efforts. A longline mussel farm was taken as a local source of perturbation to the natural POC downward flux. This flux was first quantified by means of a pelagic model of POC deposition coupled to sediment traps data, and its effects on sediment bioirrigation capacity and OM degradation pathways were investigated by constraining an early diagenesis model, linked to new data in sediment porewaters. The measurements were performed at stations located inside and outside the area affected by mussel farm deposition. Model-predicted POC fluxes showed marked spatial and temporal variability, which were mostly associated with the dynamics of the farming cycle. Sediment traps data at the two sampled stations (in and out of the mussel farm) showed average POC background flux of 20.0–24.2 mmol C m−2 d−1. The difference of OC fluxes between the two stations was in agreement with model results, ranging between 3.3 and 14.2 mmol C m−2 d−1, and primarily associated with mussel physiological conditions. Although restricted, these changes in POC fluxes induced visible effects on sediment biogeochemistry. Observed oxygen microprofiles presented a 50 % decrease in oxygen penetration depth (from 2.3 to 1.4 mm), accompanied by an increase in the O2 influx at the station below the mussel farm (19–31 versus 10–12 mmol O2 m−2 d−1) characterized by higher POC flux. DIC and NH4+ concentrations had similar behavior, with a more evident effect of bioirrigation underneath the farm. This was confirmed through constraining the early diagenesis model, which calibration leads to an estimation of enhanced and shallower bioirrigation underneath the farm: bioirrigation rates of 40 y−1 and irrigation depth of 15 cm were estimated inside the shellfish deposition footprint versus 20 y−1 and 20 cm outside. These findings were confirmed by independent data on macrofauna composition collected at the study site. Early diagenesis model results indicated a larger organic matter mineralization below the mussel farm (11.1 versus 18.7 mmol m−2 d−1), characterized by similar proportions between oxic and anoxic degradation pathways at the two stations, with an increase in the absolute values of oxygen consumed by OM degradation and reduced substances re-oxidation underneath the mussel farm.
Carbon uptake and biogeochemical change in the Southern Ocean,
south of Tasmania
Authors: Pardo Paula C. , Tilbrook Bronte , Langlais Clothilde , Trull Tom W. , Rintoul Steve R.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Biogeochemical change in the water masses of the Southern Ocean, south of Tasmania, was assessed for the 16-year period between 1995 and 2011 using data from 4 summer repeats of the WOCE/JGOFS/CLIVAR/GO-SHIP SR03 hydrographic section (at ~ 140° E). Changes in temperature, salinity, oxygen, and nutrients were used to disentangle the effect of solubility, biology, circulation and anthropogenic carbon (CANT) uptake on the variability of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) for 8 water mass layers defined by neutral surfaces (ϒn). CANT was estimated using an improved back-calculation method. Warming (~ 0.0352 ± 0.0170 °C yr−1) of Subtropical Central Water (STCW) and Antarctic Surface Water (AASW) layers decreased their gas solubility, and accordingly DIC concentrations increased less rapidly than expected from equilibration with rising atmospheric CO2 (~ 0.86 ± 0.16 μmol kg−1 yr−1 versus ~ 1 ± 0.12 μmol kg−1 yr−1). An increase in apparent oxygen utilisation (AOU) occurred in these layers due to either remineralization of organic matter or intensification of upwelling. The range of estimates for the increases of CANT were 0.71 ± 0.08 to 0.93 ± 0.08 μmol kg−1 yr−1 for STCW and 0.35 ± 0.14 to 0.65 ± 0.21 μmol kg−1 yr−1 for AASW, with the lower values in each water mass obtained by assigning all the AOU change to remineralization. DIC increases in the Sub-Antarctic Mode Water (SAMW, 1.10 ± 0.14 μmol kg−1 yr−1) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW, 0.40 ± 0.15 μmol kg−1 yr−1) layers were similar to the calculated CANT trends. For SAMW, the CANT increase tracked rising atmospheric CO2. As a consequence of the general DIC increase, decreases in total pH (pHT) and aragonite saturation (ΩAr) were found in most water masses, with the upper ocean and the SAMW layer presenting the largest trends for pHT decrease (~ −0.0031 ± 0.0004 yr−1). DIC increases in deep and bottom layers (~ 0.24 ± 0.04 μmol kg−1 yr−1) resulted from the advection of old deep waters to resupply increased upwelling, as corroborated by increasing silicate (~ 0.21 ± 0.07 μmol kg−1 yr−1), which also reached the upper layers near the Antarctic Divergence (~ 0.36 ± 0.06 μmol kg−1 yr−1) and was accompanied by an increase in salinity. The observed changes in DIC over the 16-year span caused a shoaling (~ 340 m) of the aragonite saturation depth (ASD, ΩAr = 1) within Upper Circumpolar Deep Water that followed the upwelling path of this layer. From all our results, we conclude a scenario of increased transport of deep waters into the section and enhanced upwelling at high latitudes for the period between 1995 and 2011, probably linked to a positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode. Although enhanced upwelling lowered the capacity of the AASW layer to uptake atmospheric CO2, it did not limit that of the newly forming SAMW and AAIW, which exhibited CANT storage rates (~ 0.41 ± 0.20 mol m−2 yr−1) twice that of the upper layers.
Rejecting Charity: Why the IRS Denies Tax Exemption to 501(c)(3) Applicants
Authors: Helge Terri Lynn
Published: June 2017

Rejecting Charity: Why the IRS Denies Tax Exemption to 501(c)(3) Applicants
Thom Gunn and William Carlos Williams
Authors: Kleinzahler August
Published: June 2017

This article underlines the influence of William Carlos Williams on English language poetry and focuses on his importance in particular to the British poet Thom Gunn. The issue of the academic resistance to acknowledging the importance of Williams to the development of American poetry is raised against the backdrop of his enduring impact on voices such as Gunn and also that of the article’s author, August Kleinzahler.
Williams, Thom Gunn, and Humane Attention
Authors: Mcrae Calista
Published: June 2017

Drawing on Thom Gunn’s poetry, criticism, and teaching notes, this article explores Williams’s influence on an Anglo-American better known for his traditional forms—an unlikely apprentice. From his first labored imitations to his late amalgams, Gunn follows what he calls Williams’s “essential tenderness”: an attention to the lives of ordinary people. In poems that focus on severely disregarded, dehumanized individuals—the homeless, as well as the institutionalized—Gunn builds on the affinities he shares with Williams, while adapting the older poet’s distinct strengths to his own abilities. He brings Williams’s resonant perceptions into poems grounded in bodily sensation: he thereby invites his readers to consider the lives of the overlooked from a new perspective.
Detrás del estigma social: ser comerciante del Mercado Oriental de Managua
Authors: Solís Narváez Norling Sabel
Published: June 2017

Para comprender a fondo el Mercado Oriental de Managua, el más grande de Centro América y el más importante de Nicaragua, es esencial conocer a sus protagonistas: los y las comerciantes, con sus múltiples expresiones identitarias y su cultura. Una frontera invisible y a la vez persistente divide este grupo social en dos grandes categorías: el comerciante fijo y el ambulante-eventual. Sin embargo, existe un aspecto de la identidad colectiva que pocas veces ha sido investigado e incluso tergiversado, por eso es muy importante comprender el origen de los y las comerciantes. Provienen de distintos lugares del país y el espacio que ocupan en el mercado y los productos que venden se relacionan estrechamente con su procedencia geográfica y sus raíces socio-culturales. Sin embargo, en la percepción de la opinión pública, la identidad del comerciante del Mercado Oriental sigue siendo influenciada por las generalizaciones y los prejuicios que se generan en la opinión pública. El objetivo de este trabajo es documentar a través del método etnográfico lo no documentado de este universo complejo y muy diverso: qué está detrás de la imagen estereotipada que se pregona en los discursos del gran público, asociando a la identidad del comerciante el estigma de graves problemas sociales.
Importancia de la cultura de patio para la economía comunitaria
Authors: Rodríguez Corea Xavier Ernesto
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo pretende abordar el cultivo de patio desde su componente cultural como parte de las familias y la comunidad campesina, en el marco de estrategias locales, esfuerzos colectivos y programas gubernamentales para combatir la pobreza extrema y el sistema que la produce y perpetua. La aproximación a la comunidad concreta permite conocer la particularidad pero también encontrar puentes que vinculen estas reflexiones con la realidades compartidas por buena parte de las comunidades en todo el país, especialmente aquellas en donde la herencia campesina y el vínculo con la tierra y sus frutos sigue siendo fuertes, a pesar del constante avance de la lógica urbana y de tercerización de la economía. El presente trabajo tiene su base en la etnografía como método de aproximación a la vida cotidiana y la teoría antropológica como lógica científica de compresión de la comunidad y sus estrategias de desarrollo, y se enmarca en el esfuerzo sostenido de investigación que viene desarrollado el Departamento de Antropología de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Jurídicas de la UNAN- Managua, es decir está profundamente vinculada con un esfuerzo colectivo e institucional.Raíces - Revista Nicaragüense de Antropología. Año 1 No. 1/2017: 64-73
Gobernanza Comunitaria para el Bien Común
Authors: Gómez Salazar Ernesto Alejandro
Published: June 2017

El artículo “Gobernanza Comunitaria para el Bien Común” centra su atención en el modelo de democracia participativa que promueve el Buen Gobierno Sandinista como mecanismo de restitución de derechos humanos enfocado en las familias nicaragüenses como principales protagonistas de su propio cambio.El análisis y reflexión teórica toma como marco de referencia las políticas públicas y sociales existentes en el contexto actual, lo cual hace posible la descentralización del poder político, y con ello, otorgar a la comunidad la participación protagónica en los programas y proyectos de gobierno que benefician a las familias más vulnerables, pero que a la vez, incentivan en las familias la actitud de empoderamiento de sus propias realidades y escenarios, para trabajar conjuntamente en la gestión social.La investigación explora la experiencia de los pobladores de Batahola Norte durante el periodo 2012–2014, los testimonios y apreciación de las personas con referencia al modelo de responsabilidad compartida del gobierno del Frente Sandinista de Liberacíon Nacional (FSLN) permitirá tener un acercamiento al modelo de participación popular y descentralización del poder que desde el 2007 impulsa el Gobierno de Reconciliación y Unidad Nacional.
La Cultura Mayangna. Una etnografía por imágenes
Authors: Lucerno Victor Manuel del Cid
Published: June 2017

La cultura mayangna, conformada por cuatro grupos etnolingüísticos  Panamahka, Tuahka, Yusku y Ulwa,  ha sido determinada por los ríos, montañas y  selvas, logrando desarrollar una vida sencilla de cazadores y  recolectores.  En nueve territorios indígenas mayangans, 8 en la Región Autónoma Caribe Norte y 1 en la Región Autónoma Caribe Sur, existen 78 comunidades  Sumu-Mayangna.  La mayoría  están asentadas en las riberas de los ríos más caudalosos de la Costa Caribe: Waspuk, Wawa, Uliwas o cabecera de Prinzapolka, Umrawás, Walakwás o Lakus, Bambana,  Amak-Bocay.  Se organizan político-administrativamente  comunidades y territorios, con una instancia de coordinación denominada Gobierno de la Nación Sumu-Mayangna. Se aborda la cultura mayangna a través de un álbum fotográfico de corte etnográfico, para ofrecer un acercamiento a la vida cotidiana de este pueblo indígena de Nicaragua.Raíces - Revista Nicaragüense de Antropología. Año 1 No. 1/2017: 99-104
Aprender sobre el otro, bailando. La Danza en la promoción de las relaciones interculturales
Authors: Paizano Jiménez Daniela Paola
Published: June 2017

Hablar del vínculo entre danza e interculturalidad es complejo, pues es remover las historias, las identidades, las culturas y con ellas los sentimientos de los integrantes de un grupo multicultural, como lo es la agrupación folklórica Nicaragua mía.A través del análisis de las relaciones interpersonales que viven los bailarines de este grupo de danza, ha sido posible descubrir la importancia que han tenido la convivencia familiar, el compañerismo y la amistad para el aprendizaje de competencias interculturales. En otras palabras, lo que no se ve, y que va más allá de la puesta en escena es haber aprendido sobre las tradiciones y costumbres del otro.En el grupo Nicaragua Mía convergen identidades diversas y diferentes cosmovisiones. Sin embargo lo que ha permitido a este grupo multicultural de transformarse en un grupo intercultural ha sido el papel activo que cada uno de los bailarines y la misma profesora de danza han jugado como mediadores culturales.El método etnográfico nos permitió comprender este proceso de aprendizaje que lleva a los integrantes del grupo no solamente a redescubrir sus culturas, sino a interpretarlas y a traducirlas para los demás. Abriéndose al mismo tiempo a la posibilidad de conocer las raíces del otro y a valorarlas.Raíces - Revista Nicaragüense de Antropología. Año 1 No. 1/2017:118-132