bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
К изменению ландшафтно-климатических условий Нижнекуринской впадины в раннем и среднем неоплейстоцене
Authors: Мурадлы Э.В.
Published: July 2020

Представлено изменение вещественного и минералогического состава, проведенного по разрезу морских плейстоценовых отложений Мишовдаг, расположенного в северо-восточной части Нижнекуринской депрессии. Выделено десять этапов смены условий накопления осадков в раннем и среднем неоплейстоцене: четыре теплых и шесть холодных климатических периодов с различной степенью увлажнения, которые сопоставлены с изменениями растительности и ландшафтов. Наиболее суровые условия отмечаются во время формирования отложений верхней части нижнебакинского горизонта с низкими значениями коэффициента устойчивости (1–2) пород и преобладанием березово-хмелеграбовых редколесий в ландшафте; наиболее теплые и влажные –в эпоху формирования верхнехазарского горизонта с распространением ландшафтов теплоумеренных лесов и высокими значениями коэффициента устойчивости (9–10).
Tanzanya Hint Diasporası: Hintli İşçilerin Yaşam Mücadelesi
Authors: GÜNARSLAN Hüseyin
Published: July 2020

Bu çalışma İngiltere´nin kolonilerinden birisi olan Doğu Afrika ülkesi Tanzanya´ya çalıştırılmak amacı ile getirilmiş Güney Asya kökenli Hintlilerin yaşamlarını ele almaktadır. Sözleşmeli işçi olan Hintlilerin bu ülkedeki gelişimlerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma ile Hintlilerin yıllar içinde Tanzanya´da ekonomik olarak önemli başarılar elde ettikleri tespit edilmiştir. Hintlilerin başarısında en önemli rolün İngiliz yetkililerin desteği olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hintlilerin ülkedeki ekonomik başarılarının bu ülkenin gerçek sahibi olan Afrikalılar tarafından hoşgörü ile karşılanmadığı ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Afrikalıların nefretini kazanan Hintlilerin ülkede ayrımcılığa tabi tutuldukları ve sahip oldukları varlıklara el konulduğuna dikkat çekilmiştir.
İktidarın Meşruiyeti: Trabzon İmparatorluğu’nun Toplumsal Kökenleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KEÇİŞ Murat
Published: July 2020

IV. Haçlı Seferiyle başkent Konstantinopolis Latinler tarafından işgal edilmiş ve yağmalanmıştır. Bu olayı müteakiben Bizans İmparatorluğu, başkentten kaçan soylu ailelerinin kurduğu yeni siyasi yapılarla varlığını devam ettirmeye çalışmıştır. İşgalden sonra kurulan devletlerden biri ise 1461 yılına kadar Trabzon kenti başta olmak üzere Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde varlığını devam ettirmeye çalışan Büyük Komnenos Hanedanlığı olmuştur. Komnenos Hanedanından Aleksios ve David’in baba tarafından akrabaları Gürcü Kraliçesi Thamara’nın yardımıyla kurdukları bu devlet, Batı tarih yazıcılığında Trabzon İmparatorluğu (1204-1461) olarak isimlendirilir. Yönetici hanedan ailesinin Konstantinopolis’ten geldiği ve bölgede Gürcü Krallığı’nın desteğini sağladıkları bilinmektedir. Aleksios ve David Komnenos’un Konstantinopolis’ten hangi şartlarda ve kimlerle kaçtıkları ve Trabzon’a nasıl geldiklerine dair elimizde herhangi bir kayıt yoktur. Büyük Komnenos Hanedanlığının bölgede 257 yıl boyunca nasıl tutunduğu konusu bugüne kadar yapılan araştırmalarda çok detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmamıştır. XI. yüzyıldan itibaren Gavras ailesi eliyle yönetilen Bizans’ın Haldiya Theması’nın merkez ile idarî, ideolojik ve kültürel bağlarının oldukça zayıf olmasına rağmen, Komnenoslar sadece akrabaları Gürcü Krallığı’nın desteğini alarak mı bölgede varlıklarını iki buçuk asırdan daha fazla devam ettirebildiler? Gürcü Krallığının, Komnenos ailesine destek verdiği açıktır. Bunun yanı sıra yerli soylularının da Trabzon İmparatorluğu’nun varlığına destek vermiş olması gerekir. Makalemizde, yukarıda bahsettiğimiz kaynaklar üzerinden cevap arayacağımız temel sorular şunlardır: Trabzon İmparatorları, IV. Haçlı Seferi’nin yaşandığı hengâmede Bizans başkenti Konstantinopolis’ten “kaçarak” Karadeniz Bölgesi’ne gelmelerine ve bu bölgenin Bizans merkezi ile siyasi, ekonomik ve kültürel bağları XI. yüzyıldan itibaren zayıflamasına rağmen; bölgede nasıl 257 yıl boyunca tutunmayı başarmışlardır? Trabzon İmparatorluğu “sürgünde” nasıl hayatta kalmıştır? İmparatorlar/İddiacılar, hem iddialarının yargılandığı Konstantinopolis’e kadar uzanan geniş çerçeveli uluslararası arenada, hem de bizzat güçlerini uygulamaya koydukları ve büyük bir şehirde oldukça farklı yerel halkın bulunduğu bölgede yönetimlerinin tutunmasını nasıl sağladılar?
Anti-Plane Deformation Uniformly Piecewise Homogeneous Space with a Periodic System of Semi-Infinite Internal Cracks
Authors: Hakobyan V.N. , Grigoryan A.A.
Published: July 2020

In this paper, we have constructed a solution for the problem of antiplane deformation of a uniformly piecewise homogeneous space of two alternately repeating heterogeneous layers of equal thickness from different materials, which are relaxed on their median planes by two semi-infinite, periodic parallel tunneling cracks. A system of defining equations of the problem is derived in the form of a system of two singular equations of the first kind, with respect to contact stresses acting in the contact zones on the median planes of heterogeneous layers, the solution of which, in the general case, is constructed by the method of mechanical quadrature. In the particular case when the cracks in the heterogeneous layers are the same, the solution of the problem is reduced to the solution of two independent equations and their closed solutions are constructed. The defining singular integral equation of the problem is also obtained in the case when there are no cracks in one of the heterogeneous layers. In the general case, a numerical calculation was carried out and patterns of changes in contact stresses and intensity factors of destructive stresses at the end points of cracks were determined depending on the physical and mechanical and geometric parameters of the problem, which are the ratios of the shear moduli of the layers and the ratio of the layer thickness and crack lengths.
On the Application of the Method of Hypersingular Integral Equations to Solving Problems for an Elastic Plane with a Collinear System of Cracks
Authors: Mkhitaryan S.M.
Published: July 2020

In the present paper, using the method of hypersingular integral equations, based on the formulas of the inversion of the corresponding singular integral equations, the exact quadrature solution of the classical problems of the mechanics of an elastic plane with a collinear system of cracks is constructed. The elastic plane is in a state of antiplane deformation or plane deformation; in case of antiplane deformation, crack edges are symmetrically loaded by tangential forces, while in case of plane deformation, they are again loaded symmetrically but by normal forces. Mixed boundary-value problems for an elastic half-plane equivalent to these problems are formulated. Under plane deformation, the mixed boundary-value problem for an elastic half-plane is discussed as well when the plane boundary is reinforced by two similar and symmetrically located semi-infinite stringers between which a system of an arbitrarily final number of stringers is situated. It is considered that the stringers are absolutely rigid for expansion and compression and absolutely flexible for bending. A particular case of two similar symmetrically located cracks is considered more in detail. In this case, the exact solution to the problem is also constructed by the method of Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials.
Theory and Practice of Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cho Jae Hoon
Published: July 2020

Decisions about the utility of an intervention or the validity of a hypothesis should not be based on results of a single study, because different studies provide different results. Hence, a data synthesizing mechanism is required. Meta-analysis is the statistical procedure for combining data from multiple studies. When the treatment effect is consistent across different studies, metaanalysis can identify the common effect. When the treatment effect varies in studies, meta-analysis may identify reasons for variations. Meta-analysis is a powerful tool, though awareness of its limitations and possible errors for correct application are essential.
QUALITY PERCEPTION OF ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION SERVICES: Experience of International Students
Authors: Haris Abd , Asnawi Nur
Published: July 2020

This study aims to formulate a special dimension of service quality in Islamic higher education institutions in shaping Islamic culture according to the perceptions of international Muslim students. Using a quantitative approach with exploratory factor analysis, it involved 100 international Muslim students taken from multi-stage proportionated stratified random sampling (probability sampling). The results showed that based on the experience of international Muslim students, the service quality of Islamic higher education institutions included the dimensions of teaching staff competencies, administrative staff competencies, Islamic environment, physical facilities and information technology-based services, all of which can work together in shaping Islamic culture. To support the vision of the internationalization of Islamic higher education institutions, managers must pay attention to these dimensions as a representation of the quality of service felt by international Muslim students to meet their expectations during their studies at Islamic higher education institutions in Indonesia.
Narrativa de una casa porfiriana
Authors: Ruiz Emiliano , Serrano Barquín Carolina , Ciaramitaro Fernando , Serrano Barquín Héctor Paulino
Published: July 2020

La historia social y cultural de la casa remite, irremediablemente, al estudio de la vida cotidiana y su contexto simbólico. Estudiar los espacios habitables del ser humano implicaría remontarse a la edad de las cavernas, sin embargo, en esta ocasión el propósito principal es exponer brevemente el espacio doméstico mexicano, particularmente la casa porfiriana y el complejo entramado de las representaciones simbólicas que se generan entre los habitantes y su contexto interior y su distribución espacial. Es impensable el estudio de la casa sin ubicarla en su entorno inmediato, es decir, la ciudad que la alberga. Se realiza así un análisis interpretativo de unas casas para dar respuesta a algunos cuestionamientos en cuanto a las relaciones de poder que se ejercen dentro de ellas y que, en muchos, casos son reflejo de las costumbres sociales, económicas, morales y culturales de la época. El patrimonio cultural edificado doméstico permite su análisis desde gran diversidad de posturas, incluyendo la de género.
Udział obywateli w procedurze ustawodawczej w Republice Federalnej Niemiec
Authors: Malicka Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

Według art. 20 Ustawy Zasadniczej Republika Federalna Niemiec jest państwem demo-kratycznym, socjalnym i federalnym, w którym cała władza pochodzi od narodu i jest przez niego sprawowana poprzez wybory i głosowania. W praktyce głosowania, rozumiane jako instrument de-mokracji bezpośredniej, znajdują zastosowanie tylko w wypadku nowego podziału terytorialnego landów. Szersze zastosowanie instrumenty demokracji bezpośredniej mają przy stanowieniu pra-wa w poszczególnych landach. Prawo przewiduje w nich między innymi obywatelską inicjatywę ustawodawczą. Dla uchwalenia prawa federalnego zastosowanie takiego rozwiązania wymagałoby zmiany Ustawy Zasadniczej. Wnoszone do tej pory projekty takich zmian zostały jednak odrzucone przez Bundestag.
Założenie racjonalnego prawodawcy w polskiej debacie teoretycznoprawnej. Punkt wyjścia i jego krytyka
Authors: Bator Andrzej
Published: July 2020

Koncepcja racjonalnego prawodawcy uznawana jest za jedno z największych osiągnięć polskiej doktryny prawniczej, a założenie racjonalności autora tekstu prawnego — za specyficzną cechę polskiej kultury prawnej. Koncepcja ta bywa jednak również krytykowana za scjentyzm i for-malizm, na którym opiera swoją argumentację, a współcześnie dodatkowo za zacieranie granic wła-dzy między polityczną legislatywą (realny prawodawca) a niezależną, apolityczną judykaturą (sędzia korzystający z założenia racjonalnego prawodawcy). Dodatkowego politycznego impetu tej dyskusji nadają obecnie polskie spory wokół reformy sądownictwa. W niniejszym tekście przywołuję histo-ryczną dyskusję naukową, którą wywołało ukazanie się w 1973 roku pracy poznańskiego prawnika, filozofa i metodologa nauki L. Nowaka pod tytułem Interpretacja prawnicza. Studium z metodologii prawoznawstwa. W tezach tej pracy oraz w krytyce, jaką ówcześnie wywołała, dostrzegam prze-słanki argumentacji — ukrytej za językiem teoretycznoprawnej debaty — która jest obecna również w aktualnych polskich sporach politycznych o kształt sądownictwa. Uprawdopodabnia to pogląd, że spory o niezawisłość sędziów i niezależność sądownictwa są sporami sięgającymi centrum polskiej kultury prawnej, jej specyfiki wyrażanej przez założenie racjonalności prawodawcy.
Zasady organizacji i działania Organu Europejskich Regulatorów Łączności Elektronicznej. Wybrane aspekty porządku instytucjonalnego w sektorze łączności elektronicznej
Authors: Szydło Wojciech
Published: July 2020

Podstawowym zadaniem Organu Europejskich Regulatorów Łączności Elektronicznej (Body of European Regulators in Electronic Communications — BEREC) jest doradzanie Komisji Europejskiej oraz organom regulacyjnym krajów członkowskich wchodzącym w jego skład, a po-nadto wspieranie Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady w sprawach dotyczących stosowania unijnych ram regulacyjnych dotyczących łączności elektronicznej. Jego działalność pozwala zapewnić uczci-wą konkurencję i spójność regulacji na rynku wewnętrznym w dziedzinie łączności elektronicznej, z korzyścią dla europejskich konsumentów. Obecnie BEREC ma status niezależnego organu regula-cyjnego, skupiającego w swej strukturze decyzyjnej krajowe organy regulacyjne, czerpiąc w swojej działalności z ich wiedzy eksperckiej i doświadczeń regulacyjnych. Jakkolwiek regulacja w sektorze telekomunikacyjnym w dalszym ciągu leży w gestii krajowych organów regulacyjnych, ponieważ to one są najbliżej rynków, które mogą lepiej regulować. W artykule zostały omówione zasady organizacji oraz funkcjonowania Organu Europejskich Regulatorów Łączności Elektronicznej w kontekście zgodności przepisów regulujących jego dzia-łalność z zasadami dobrego zarządzania jako wartościami administracyjnymi i organizacyjnymi, które powinny determinować sposób korzystania przez instytucje unijne z uprawnień udzielonych im przez obywateli. W tekście zwrócono także uwagę na planowaną kompleksową reformę regu-lacji w sektorze łączności telekomunikacyjnej jako niezwykle ambitny projekt w ramach strategii Jednolitego Rynku Cyfrowego.
Mit i paradygmat racjonalnego prawodawcy w świetle wybranych przykładów orzecznictwa oraz legislacji sejmu VIII kadencji
Authors: Wiązek Paweł
Published: July 2020

Autor podjął próbę refleksji nad występowaniem paradygmatu racjonalnego prawodawcy w teorii i praktyce stosowania prawa we współczesnej Polsce. Wskazując na endemiczny charak-ter problemu badawczego w polskim prawoznawstwie, dążył on do skonfrontowania stanowiska doktryny z orzecznictwem sądowym ostatnich lat oraz praktyką legislacyjną Sejmu VIII kadencji. Wszechstronne ujęcie zagadnienia motywowane było chęcią sformułowania hipotez i wniosków mogących inspirować kolejnych eksploratorów podjętej problematyki. Podsumowując wyniki przeprowadzonych badań, autor przedstawił swoje krytyczne stanowisko, uznając, że koncepcja racjonalnego prawodawcy budzi istotne wątpliwości i uzasadnione zastrzeżenia, co powoduje, że wymaga ona reinterpretacji.
KOMUNIKASI MORAL RELIGIUS MELALUI DONGENG PADA SELAPARANG TV
Authors: Alf Ahmad Hamdian
Published: July 2020

This paper uses a case study approach, in addition to obtaining valid data, the author here collects data with structured interview techniques, full participant observation and documentation analysis. Communication is used by storytellers in conveying moral messages through the Selaparang TV media namely verbal and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication is used when narrating or telling fairy tales, while nonverbal communication is used in the form of illustrations from fairy tales brought. The communication process that occurs in the feld is secondary communication where storytellers convey moral messages through television media. The moral message conveyed is more about the stories of prophet Muhammad SAW.
KONSEP KERUKUNAN DALAM KOMUNIKASI PEMBANGUNAN AGAMA DI SOSIAL MEDIA
Authors: Rahmatika Arina
Published: July 2020

Information and communication technology is growing rapidly in Indonesia and has become part of the community, one of which is social media. The social presence of the media as a public space becomes a new style of communication even in creating inter-religious communication spacesin the community. This certainly will affect the level of harmony among religious people in Indonesia. Through communication of the development of social media as a medium of communication, dissemination, it is hoped that it can build a strengthening of religious harmony through various elements of society, both individual and institutional
NASKAH PERUKUNAN BATU CANGKU: PERAN DAKWAH TUAN GURU TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN BUDAYA LITERASI MASYARAKAT MUSLIM-SASAK
Authors: Hamzani Yusri
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the diversity of Sasak villagers at Batu Cangku, Sapit village, Suela subdistrict, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara in the past. This paper concerns on three major issues; (1) The history of the diversity of Sasak villagers in the past, (2) The role of Islamic teachers to transform the diversity, (3) The frst Mazhab adopted by the villagers after the transformation from Islam Wetu Telu to Islam Waktu Lima. These issues were analyzed with min aln?? il? al-w?qi’. Regarding to the history of the diversity of Sasak villagers, the present researcher found that the transformation occured in their faith;started from Animism-Dinamism, HinduBuddha, Boda Sasak-Islam. In applying Islamic thought, they were divided into two different communities; Islam Wetu Telu and Islam Waktu Lima. The frst community was closer to Islam Abangan in Java, while the second community was the same as Islam as general. In addition, in relation to Islamic teachers, they were as the agents of change of this transformation. Meanwhile, in term of the thought adopted, the majority of Islamic teachers taught Mazhab Sy?f’i. As a result, The villagers, the frst generation of Islam Waktu Lima, practiced this Mazhab for their worship. The data were found in a manuscript of Islam Waktu Lima as their guidance for daily worship.
Neuropatía periférica como manifestaciónunica de poliangeítis microscópica en la altura. Reporte de caso
Authors: Roque-Poma Malena , Ruiz-Marmolejo Leslie , Rojas-Puertas María , Camargo-Espinoza Carlos , Tinoco-Solorzano Amilcar
Published: July 2020

La poliangeítis microscópica, es una vasculitis de vasos pequeños cuya incidencia es de 4 por 1 000 000 de habitantes y que frecuentemente se presenta asociada a manifestaciones de glomerulonefrítis rápidamente progresiva y capilaritis pulmonar. Las manifestaciones neurológicas son menos frecuentes. El diagnostico se confirma con serología positiva para Anticuerpos Anticitoplasma de neutrófilos (ANCA) y especificidad para patrón de fluorescencia perinuclear (P-ANCA) y Mieloperoxidasa (MPO). El tratamiento idóneo son los glucocorticoides e inmunosupresores. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 69 años con poliangeitis microscópica que debuta con neuropatía periférica como única manifestación clínica, presentación que se considera atípica. Se plantea que ante la presencia de una neuropatía periférica aislada, deben efectuarse estudios para confirmar o descartar la presencia de Poliangeitis Microscópica en base a la gran variabilidad de su sintomatología clínica y potenciales formas de tratamiento.
Perspectivas éticas en el manejo de la pandemia
Authors: Alarcon Renato
Published: July 2020

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Changes in alcohol consumption in Spain between 1990 and 2019
Authors: Llamosas-Falcón Laura , Manthey Jakob , Rehm Jürgen
Published: July 2020

Spain is one of the countries of the European Union in which alcohol consumption has decreased in the past decades. The aim of this paper is to distinguish different phases of the level of alcohol consumption in Spain since 1990. Adult alcohol consumption per capita data between 1990 and 2019 were analysed for temporal trends using the Joinpoint regression model. An additional analysis using interrupted time-series between 1962 and 2016 was performed using data from Global Information System on Alcohol and Health. Data from the survey on alcohol and other drugs in Spain were collected and a narrative review was conducted to identify possible reasons for the trends found. Five point changes were identified on the timeline between 1990 and 2019, including: a decrease of 3.2% per year from 1990 to 1995, an increase of 1.1% per year from 1995 to 2000, a period of stability from 2000 to 2006, a decrease of 4.5% per year from 2006 to 2011, and a period of stability from 2011 onwards. These changes can largely be explained by the different public health measures carried out by the Spanish government, as well as the change in the pattern of consumption in society, which shifted its alcoholic beverage preference from wine to beer, and increased its binge-drinking behaviour. Further studies such as interrupted time-series analyses should test if indeed the hypothesized measures on public health have been effective; this could inform future policies in Spain and in other countries.
HADIS DI MATA SANG PEMBELA ISLAM: Studi Pemikiran Hadis Ahmad Hassan
Authors: Mahmud Mohammad , Arifah Ridha Nurul
Published: July 2020

Studi tentang pemikiran seorang tokoh intelektual, terutama dalam studi hadits, adalah penting untuk menemukan akar dan asal dari suatu perspektif. Dalam khazanah pemikiran hadis di Indonesia, Ahmad Hassan —atau yang populer disebut Hassan Bandung— ikut serta dalam kontestasi makna teks hadis dan epistemologinya. Ia adalah salah satu tokoh penting dalam Organisasi Msyarakat Islam Persatuan Islam (Persis) di Indonesia. Sebagai tokoh yang dikenal sebagai pembela, penyaring, dan pembaru Islam, pandangannya tentang hadits mungkin akan menuai kritik dan tanggapan. Misalnya, pendapatnya tentang prinsip-prinsip agama, seperti sumber hukum Islam (al-mashadir al-syar'iyah), taqlid, dan bid'ah. Pokok-pokok pemikiran ini akan mempengaruhi pendapatnya tentang hukum mazhab, tahlil, dan sebagainya.
POLARISASI SUFISTIK DAN HADIS PADA POPULARITAS IHYA’ ‘ULUMUDDIN DI NUSANTARA
Authors: Hasan In'amul , Rafif Ahmad Ahnaf
Published: July 2020

Imam al-Ghazali sebagai pengarang kitab Ihya’ ‘Ulumuddin memiliki latar belakang hidup yang beragam. Ia pernah menjadi filsuf (ahlu al-ra’yi) yang kemudian beralih menjadi seorang sufi pada masa tuanya. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan karangan beliau yang menjadi masterpiece, yaitu kitab Ihya’ ‘Ulumuddin. Kitab ini menjadi populer di Nusantara dan dijadikan sebagai rujukan utama panduan hidup seorang muslim. Namun, dibalik kepopuleran kitab ini, banyak ulama hadis yang memberikan komentar yang kontroversial terhadap hadis yang dimuat dalam kitab ini. Walaupun komentar tersebut banyak berdatangan ke kitab ini, Kepopuleran kitab Ihya’ ‘Ulumuddin tidak lusuh di Nusantara, bahkan bisa bertahan hingga saat ini. Hal itu dapat terlihat pada saat Musabaqah Qira‘ah al-Kutub (MQK), kitab ini dijadikan kitab yang diperlombakan pada cabang akhlak tingkat ulya. Adapun tulisan ini membahas seluk-beluk serta alasan kitab ini tetap eksis dan dapat dipertahankan, terutama di Nusantara. Dengan pendekatan historis, atau lebih spesifiknya tentang sejarah masuknya Islam ke Nusantara yang diiringi dengan interpretasi sufi dan muhaddisin terhadap hadis-hadis yang ada dalam kitab ini, tulisan ini mengarah kepada sebab kepopuleran kitab ini di Nusantara. Di antara hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Masuknya Islam ke Nusantara dipelopori oleh ulama-ulama tasawuf, bukan ulama hadis, (2) kitab Ihya’ ‘Ulumuddin dipopulerkan oleh ulama-ulama taswauf yang berorientasi kepada syari’at (neo-sufisme), (3) komentar-komentar kontroversial yang berdatangan kepada kitab ini karena interpretasi ahli hadis (muhaddisin) yang terlalu ketat, serta (4) perbedaan interpretasi antara muhaddisin dan kaum sufi terhadap otentisitas hadis.
ERA DISRUPSI DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN HADIS DI MEDIA SOSIAL
Authors: Istianah Istianah
Published: July 2020

Tulisan ini bermaksud melakukan kajian tentang era disrupsi dan pengaruhnya terhadap perkembangan hadis di media sosial. Lajunya perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat telah membawa manusia lekat dengan media sosial, seperti: Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram dan lain-lainnya. Media sosial mampu mengakomodir beragam ekspresi keberagamaan tanpa dibatasi oleh jarak, ruang dan waktu. Era disrupsi, Hadis sebagai sabda, perbuatan dan taqrir Nabi pesan-pesan luhurnya semakin membumi. Namun di sisi lain justru melahirkan suatu yang ironi, mulai dari menguatnya pola penafsiran yang otoritarianisme hingga merebaknya penalaran yang cepat saji. Hadis Nabi muncul di media sosial bisa dalam bentuk, digital, video, meme atau gambar yang merupakan bentuk visualisasi hadis. Sejumlah situs juga menyajikan aplikasi kitab-kitab hadis dengan kemasan yang menarik dan siap saji. Dengan demikian pengguna dengan mudah mengakses literatur hadis di mana saja dan kapan saja. Kehadiran media sosial telah memberikan peluang dan kemudahan bagi para pengguna untuk belajar dan mengkaji hadis. Kemunculan hadis di media sosial perlu diapresiasi, karena pesan-pesan luhur dari Nabi semakin membumi. Namun di sisi lain justru melahirkan suatu yang ironi, mulai dari menguatnya pola penafsiran yang otoritarianisme hingga merebaknya penalaran yang cepat saji. Tantangan saat ini bagaimana kita bisa membumikan ajaran Islam yang tertera di dalam hadis kepada para pengguna media sosial sehingga tidak kaku dalam memahami teks.
STABILITAS HASIL BEBERAPA GALUR WIJEN
Authors: SUPRIJONO . , MARDJONO RUSIM , SUDARMO HADI
Published: July 2020

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada musim tanam 2003 di 4 lokasi yaitu, Kabupaten Lumajang, Bojonegoro, Nganjuk dan Sragen. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk memperoleh galur-galur unggul yang dapat beradaptasi dengan lingkungan pengembangan wijen dengan produktivitas tinggi. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan tcrdiri dari 12 galur harapan yaitu SI.14, SI.16, SI.18, SI 20, SI.21, SI.24, SI.25, SI.26, S1.28, SI.31, SI.13, SI.40, dan sebagai pembanding digunakan 2 varietas komersial yaitu Sumberrejo 1 dan Sumberrejo 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 galur unggul yaitu galur SI.14, SI.16, SI.18, SI.24 potensi hasil sama dengan varietas Sbr. I mempunyai adaptasi luas (galur stabil). Empat galur lainnya dapat bcrproduksi tinggi apabila ditanam pada kondisi lingkungan sesuai (spesifik lokasi). Galur SI. 21 dan SI 25 sesuai untuk daerah Nganjuk dan Sragen, galur SI 20 untuk daerah Bojonegoro dan Nganjuk, dan SI 28 untuk daerah Lumajang.

Kata kunci : Wijen, Sesamum indicum L., galur, hasil, spesifik lokasi

 

ABSTRACT

Yield Stabibity of Sesame Lines

The experiment was conducted at four locations of sesame development area, viz. Lumajang, Bojonegoro, Nganjuk and Sragen districts, in 2003 planting seasons. The aim of this experiment was to find out the sesame lines having high productictivity and suitable for the development areas. Twelve promising lines, namely SI.14, SI.16, SI.18, SI.20, SI.21, SI.24, SI.25, SI.26, SI.28, SI.3I, SI.13, SI.40, and two control varieties (Sumberrejo 1 and Sumbenejo 2) were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications. The result of this experimental found out 4 superior lines (SI 14, SI 16, SI 18, and SI 24) that have the same potential as Sbr I variety, gave broad adaption to all locations (stable lines). Nevertheless the other four lines evaluated showed as the specific location lines. Those lines arc SI 21 and SI 25 that are appropriate for nganjuk and Sragen; SI 20 that is appropriate for Bojonegoro and Nganjuk, and SI 28 that is appropriate for Lumajang.

Key words : Sesame, Sesamum indicum L., line, yield, specific location
KERAGAMAN GENETIK BEBERAPA ISOLAT Phytophthora palmivora PENYEBAB PENYAKIT GUGUR BUAH PADA KELAPA BERDASARKAN PENANDA RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD)
Authors: MOTULO HIASINTA F. J. , SINAGA MEITY S. , MANDANG SIENTJE , TJAHJOLEKSONO ARIS
Published: July 2020

Profil pita DNA 16 isolat Phytoplhora palmivora yang dikoleksi dari pertanaman kelapa terserang penyakit gugur buah telah dikarakterisasi berdasarkan random amplfied polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Keragaman genetik di antara 16 isolat sangat tinggi yaitu 40.6%. Dengan mengguna¬ kan 9 jenis primer acak dari Operon Alameda pada tingkat kesamaan 80% didapatkan dua kelompok RAPD yang berbeda. Kelompok I terdiri atas isolate 94P20 dari Sumatera Barat, 93P26 dari Lampung, dan 93P104 dari Tumaluntung, Sulawesi Utara. Kelompok II terdiri atas 3 isolat yaitu 93P54 dari Aceh, PKW dan 99P01 dari Pakuwon, Jawa Barat, sedangkan sembilan isolate lainnya mcngelompok tcrpisah satu sama lainnya.

Kata kunci: Kelapa, Cocos nucifera, Pylophlhora palmivora, keragaman genetik, RAPD

 

ABSTRACT

Genetic diversity of some Phytophthora palmivora isolates causes nutfall disease on coconut plantation based on the Random Amplied Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

A total of 16 isolates of Phytophthora palmivora obtained rom diseased coconut plants showing nutfall disease were characterized by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). By using nine primers of Operon Alameda, two distinct RAPD groups with 80% similarity were obtained. Genetic diversity (using the distance matrix method) among 16 isolates of P. palmivora were highly different at 40.6%. Group 1 contained 3 isolates i.e. 94P20 from West Sumatera, 93P26 from Lampung, and 93P104 rom Tumaluntung, North Sulawesi. Group II contained 3 isolates i.e. 93P54 rom Aceh, PKW and 99P01 from Pakuwon, West Jawa, while other 9 isolates formed separated single group.

Key words : Coconut, Cocos nucfera, Phytophthora palmivora, genetic diversity, RAPD
PENGARUH JARAK TANAM TERHADAP JUMLAH MATA TUNAS PADA BEBERAPA KLON KAPUK
Authors: SAHID MOCH. , BUADI BUADI , FACHRUDIN O. M.Y.
Published: July 2020

Effect of plant spacing on the number of buds of capok clones

The experiment was conducted at Muktiharjo Experimental Farm. Pati from December 1991 to December 1993. The experiment was arranged factorially in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot was plant spacing, i.e. 2 m x I m and 2 m x 2 m, while the sub plot was clones (source of buds), namely MH I. Mil II. logo B, (lanang 36 x Siam) x Congo, (Congo 2 x Lanang). (SS 29 x Congo), (Jepara x Congo 2), and (P. Gudang x Lanang) x Congo. Plot size was 20 m x 4 m The size of planting hole was 0 6 m x 0 6 m x 0.6 m. one plant per hole. Canle manure mixed with soil was applied at planting lime Results showed that capok with plant spacing of 2 m x I m produced higher number of active buds per ha ( 147 625 buds) than that with plant spacing of 2 m x 2 m (79 661 buds). However, ihe first plant spacing produced smaller diameter (34.47 mm) than the second one (42.53 mm) The highest number of active buds was produced by the clone SS 29 x C, i.e. 123 959.33 buds per ha or 33.33 buds per plant
EFEKTIVITAS PUPUK HAYATI DAN PUPUK NITROGEN (ZA) DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU VIRGINIA SERTA POPULASI BAKTERI DAN KADAR N TOTAL TANAH
Authors: DJAJADI DJAJADI , MURDIYATI A. S. , YULIANTI TITIEK , ISTIONO HERI
Published: July 2020

Effectiveness of biofertilizer and IS fertilizer (ZA) in increasing the yield and quality of Virginia tobacco leaves, population of soil bacteria and soil /V content

The experiment was conducted in inceptisol soil, Bondowoso, from June 1998 to March 1999. The experiment was aimed to study the effect of biofertilizer and N rates on population of soil bacteria and total N soil content, yield and quality of Virginia tobacco leaves The experiment was designed in factorial randomized block with two factors and four replicates Factor one consisted of two levels of biofertilizer (0 and I l/ha) and factor two was three levels of N rates (0, 25 and 50 kg N/ha). Biofertilizer was sprayed before planting and N fertilizer was added twice, at 10 and 21 days ater planting, half dosage each PjO^ (40 kg/ha) and K20 (90 kg/ha) were added as basal fertilizer. Biofertilizer (1% product) was sprayed into the plant holes (volume 100 l/ha) prior lo planting of tobacco seedlings. Results showed that interaction between biofertilizer and 2S kg N/ha treatments increased fresh leaves yield by 22% and cured leaves by 30%, and also resulted in a high value of crop index (110.16) Quality index was only increased (5%) by addition of biofertilizer In the laboratory, the combination treatment of biofertilizer and N also increased the population of bacteria and total N content of soil that was incubated for 2 weeks.
Pestalotiopsis desseminata PADA JAMBU MENTE BIOLOGI DAN INTERAKSINYA DENGAN Helopeltis antonii
Authors: ADHI ESTHER M. , SUPRIADI SUPRIADI , RAHAYUNINGSIH S. , KILIN D. , KARYANI NURI
Published: July 2020

Pestalotiopsis desseminata on cashew: its biology and interaction with Helopeltis antonii

Pestalotiopsis desseminata is one of pathogens causing leaf spots. die-back of shoots and inflorescence of cashew plant. It is assumed there is an interaction between the attack of Helopeltis antonii and the fungus in Ihe ield so that the damage becomes more devastating. The objectives of (his research were to investigate several aspects of fungal biology (pathogenicity, mycelial growth, acervuli production, sensitivity to fungicides) and its interaction with //. antonii. The esearch was carried out from April 1999 to March 2000 at the laboratory and green house of Pest and Disease Department Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor. /' desseminata was diectly isolated from cashew leaves. Pathogenicity test of P. desseminata isolate was conducted on cashew seedlings. The fungal growth and fungicide effects were carried out in vitro on agar medium. The interaction between P. desseminata and H. antonii was examined by inoculating the fungus and insect, either individually or in combination, on cashew seedlings. The results showed that P. desseminata isolate fomis black spherical acervuli containing oblongs conidia with 5 cells, and the outermost cell has 3 flagellate. Acervuli could only be produced on the cultue illuminated continuously by 600 lux translucent lamp. Pathogenicity test of several isolates of /' desseminata on cashew seedlings caused spherical leaf spot symptom, individually or coalesced as bigger leaf spots. In vitro fungal mycelia growth could be suppressed by several fungicides, including bcnomyl 50% (I ppm) and Uiiopanate-mcthyl 70% (10 ppm) Combining inoculation between P. desseminata and //. antonii resulted in moe severe (devastating) die-back compared with individually inoculated.
PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU Helopeltis antonii PADA TANAMAN JAMHU MENTE
Authors: KARMAWATI ELNA , SAVITRI TRI HARYANI , RACHMAT WARSI , WAHYONO TRI EKO
Published: July 2020

Integrated Pesl Control Research of // antonii on cashew was studied out in Wonogiri, Central Java from May lo December 2000. Ihe objective of the study was lo obtain Ihe efective eonlrol method Spill plot design was used. Ihe main plots were intercropping system of cashew with (a) niunghcan and (b) mixed of cassava, peanut and maize, The subplots were treatments of (a) benomyl without B bassiana. (b) R bassiana without benomyl, and (c) eonlrol The concentation of benomyl used were 2 g per liter, while for II. bassiana 11) g per liter containing I. I x 10* conidias. Treatments were applied on Ihe beginning of October 2000, and observations were done twice in one month. The area needed for all plots were 24 000 m1 (4 replications). Hie asscsments consisted of (a) number of //. antonii eggs, nymphs and its natural enemies, (b) number of flowers and shoots attacked, and (c) cashew nut per tree. The result showed thai there was interaction between the Iwo factor tested. Mix-cropping with R bassiana reduced //. antonii population on cashew and increased productivity from 3.85 kg lo 5.33 kg per tree. These treatments were therefore recommended for controlling the pest.
ANALISIS USAHATANI GAMBIR DI SUMATERA BARAT (STUDI KASUS KECAMATAN HARAU, KABUPATEN 50 KOTA)
Authors: F. ERMIATI A. , ROSMEILISA PUTI
Published: July 2020

Analysis of gambir farming system (Uncaria gambir Roxb) in West Sumatra (case study of Harau Sub District, 50 Kota District)

Prospect of gambir cither for domestic or export markets is very potential. However, this prospective cash crop, is not immediately followed by the improvement of its productivity and farmers income. This condition, may due to the fact thai until now farmers have used Ihe recommended technology for cultivation and processing and the farmers, have limited capital for developing gambirs farming system. The objective of this research was to study the feasibility and contribution of gambir farming system (o the farmer prosperity, and the constraint of developing gambirs farming system in this region. The research was conducted al Kelinggian villages, Harau f>ub District. 50 Kola District. West Sumatra in November 1999 using survey method. Thirty respondents were taken by simple random farmers income was analyzed through income analyses. While the feasibility of farming system was analyzed through Beneit Cost Ratio, Net Pesent Value (NPV), and Internal Rale of Retun (IRR). The results of feasibility analysis, based on discount factor of 15%. showed thai a gambir farming system at len years old had that B/C Ratio 1.22, NPV Rp. 3 657 433, and IRR 43% At discount factor of 18%. B/C ratio was 1.20, NPV was Rp 2 890 075, and IRR 43%. The share of gambir farming system to farmers income was Rp. 1 1 548 750 or Rp. I 154 875 per hectare per year Based on Ibis study, it was concluded that gambir farming system in Kelinggian Village. Harau Sub Distict, 50 Kota Dislriel was proitable and feasible lo be developed. Recently, the limited capital. becomes a problem for developing gambir farming. This resulted the farmers unable to adopt the technology for cultivation and processing. More over, the bargaining position of farmers is also weak, due to buycr- up system. It is, therefore, suggested that the Village Cooperative Unit (KUD) is supported, in order to supply the production inputs and the product.
POTENSI CENDAWAN Synnematium sp. SEBAGAI AGENS PENGENDALI Lawana sp. (FLATIDAE; HOMOPTERA)
Authors: WIKARDI ELLYDA ABAS , PURNAYASA GNR , SISWANTO SISWANTO
Published: July 2020

Potency of Synnematium sp. as biocontrol agent of Lawana sp. (Flatidae; Homoptera)

Research on potency of Synnematium sp. as biocontrol agent of Lawana sp. was carried out from May to June 2001 with a scries of pathogenicity tests in ield laboratory Narmada (Mataram) and Insect Laboratory Balittro, Bogor. The research consisted of two pats ie: (I) inoculation of the fungi on egg cluster of Lawana sp. of different ages, and (2) inoculation of the fungi with various application methods to the imagoes of Lawana sp.. Results showed that Synnematium sp. could infect 0-4 days old of eggs. Eggs more Uian 4 days old could be also infected, however 3-5% could still hatch to be nymphs. Application to parasitized eggs did not affect the parasitoid to hatch. Tests on the adults showed that 3 days ater inoculation with the fungi, adults of Lawana sp. became weak, while the motality occurred ater 5 days inoculation. Colony of Synnematium sp. on PDA media, primarily was white, then dark small balls sclcrotium, and formed synnemata on the top. The presence of sclerotia and synnemata seemed that the fungi is potential to be developed as microbial insecticide material ("micoinsectiside").
KANDUNGAN FENOL DAN LIGNIN TANAMAN NILAM HIBRIDA (Pogostemon sp.) HASIL FUSI PROTOPLAS
Authors: NURYANI YANG , MUSTIKA IKA , SYUKUR CHEPPY
Published: July 2020

Evaluation of phenols and lignin in the root of hybrid patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) front protoplast fusion

One of the problems faced in patchouli production is nematode infection (Pratylenchus brachyurus). Improvement of the plant resistance to nematode in patchouli is dificult 10 be conducted through conventional method as the plant never llowcrs. One of the methods of improving (he plain resistance is by using protoplast fusion of Aceh patchouli (Pogostemon cablin, cv Sidikalang ) and Java patchouli (/' heyneanus. cv (iirilaya). It has been found thai Ihe plain resistance lo nematode is closely related to phenols and lignin content of the root Therefore. Ihe level of resistance of different clones of somatic hybrids lo nematode was approached by evaluating ihe content of phenols and lignin of the roots The study was conducted al the laboratory of the Research Institute for food Crop Biotechnology, Bogor in November 2000. Phenol content was determined with high performance liquid Chromatography (IIPI.C). while lignin content was determined with Klasou method. Result showed that Java patchouli (Girilaya) contained phenols and lignin respectively 76.53 and 21 900 pp. higher than those of Aceh patchouli (Sidikalang and Tapak Tuan) respectively 38 2-81 45 and 8 000-7 200 ppm. Phenol and lignin content in the somatic hybrids were dilferenl in Ihe respective pairs. In the fusion of Girilaya x Sidikalang. all clones contained phenol lower than those of Iheir parents, some clones (29%) contained lignin higher than Sidikalang but lower than (iirilaya. and the rest (71%) contained lignin lower than the two parents. Meanwhile, from Ihe fusion of Girilaya, Tapak Tuan. I clone (4%) contained phenols higher than those of (he two parents (97 ppm). 39% contained phenols higher than Tapak Tuan but lower than Girilaya (38.75-60.12 ppm) and the rests (60%) contained phenol lower than the two parents. Furthermore, the lignin content, of 78% somatic hybrids was lower than Girilaya but higher than Tapak Tuan, but the rest (22%) was lower than the two parents. Based on the distribution of phenols and lignin content. Ihe somatic hybrids can be categorized in three group The irst groups (5 clones) contained high phenols (higher than the average). Ihe second group (9 clones) contained high lignin. and Ihe third (I clone) contained high phenol and lignin.
PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK ZA DAN SP 36 TERHADAP HASIL DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG PADA TANAH ANDISOL
Authors: DJAJADI DJAJADI , SHOLEH M. , SUDIBYO NUNUNG
Published: July 2020

Effect of organic (biogrcen) and inorganic fetilizers (ammonium sulphate and SP36) on the yield and quality of the temanggung tobacco in andosol soil was studied at Galapansari - Temanggung, from Februai to December 2001. The organic and inorganic fetilizers were formulated in 10 packages, namely : (1) 570 kg ammonium sulphate (AS) ♦ 100 kg SP36; (2) the recommended rate for temanggung tobacco (20 000 kg stable manure 500 kg AS + 100 kg SP36; (3) 5 000 kg organic fetilizer (OF); (4) 7 500 kg OF; (5) 8 500 kg OF; (6) 10 000 kg OF; (7) 12 500 kg OF; (8) 14 500 kg OF; (9) 7 500 kg OF + 3 500 kg sUble manure (SM); (10) 7 500 kg OF + 4 500 kg SM. All the rates of fetilizers were based on one hectare planted area (16 500 plants) The expeiment was designed as a randomized block in four replicates. Results showed that organic fertilizer waa more effective than stable manure in improving die growth, yield and quality of temanggung tobacco. A the rate of 5 000 kg was sufficient to produce high ( 6 313 kg fresh or 800 kg sliced died leaves), grade index (51.68) and crop index (55.31). Key words : Organic fetilizer, ammonium sulfate, SP36, temanggung tobacco, andisol
FORMULASI FLY SPRAY DARI EKSTRAK PIRETRUM DAN EFFEKTIVITASNYA TERHADAP SERANGGA RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: YULIANI SRI , TRITIANINGSIH . , RUSLI SOFYAN
Published: July 2020

Telah dilakukan pembuatan formula fly spray dengan bahan aktif utama ekstrak piretrum dan uji efTektivitasnya dilakukan terhadap serangga rumah tangga. Penelitian dimulai dari April sampai Oktober 2001 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hasil dan Keteknikan, Balinro dan Laboratorium Entomologi, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, IPB Komponen formula terdiri dari ekstrak piretrum, minyak serai wangi, minyak wijen, naftalen, pine oil, pclarut pertasol CB dan LAWS. Perlakuan formulasi yaitu dibual variasi konsentrasi ekstrak piretrum ( 0.041% dan 0.052% ), penambahan/tanpa pine oil (0%, 0.1%) dan natalen (0%, 1.0%) serta jenis pclarut (LAWS dan pertasol CB). Uji effektivitas dilakukan terhadap serangga rumah tangga yaitu lalat, nyamuk, semut dan kecoa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dua formula yaitu Fi dan F, adalah formula paling effektif terhadap lalat Musca domeslica dan sebagai formula terpilih adalah Fj. Formula ini effektif terhadap nyamuk Culex qumquefasciatus dengan mematikan 92% pada menit ke dua sangat efektif terhadap semut t'onera sp. dengan angka kematian 100% pada menit ke dua, dan kurang effektif terhadap kecoa Blatella germanica menyebabkan kematian 90% pada menil ke 30. Komposisi formula F> terdii dari ekstrak piretrum dengan kadar piretrin 0.041%, minyak serai wangi 0.1%, minyak wijen 3%, natalen 1% dan pelarut LAWS. Pelarut terbaik untuk formula ini adalah LAWS.

Kata kunci: Fly spray, Piretrum, formulasi, uji effektivitas, serangga rumah tangga

 

ABSTRACT

Fly spray formulation of pyrethrum extract and its effectiveness on houseflies

The production of ly spray formula with active ingredient pyrethrum extract and its efficacy on houselics were conducted from Apil to October 2001 at (he Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor and at Entomology laboratory of FKH - IPB. The formula was made from pyrethrum extract, citronella oil, sesame oil, natalein, pine oil and solvent, i.e pertasol CB and LAWS. The parameters observed were the variation concentration of pyrethrum extract (0.041% and 0.051%), added with pine oil (0%, 0.1%), natalein (0%, 1.0%) and solvents (LAWS and pertasol CB). The eficacy lest was conducted on houselies which included housely, mosquito, ant and cockroach. The result showed that F> and Fi were ihe most effective to M. domeslica and Fi is the selected formula. Fi was effective to Cx. qumquefasciatus mosquito which killed 92% of the mosquito in two minutes, and very effective to Ponera sp ants which killed 100% in iwo minutes, and less effective to B. germanica cockroach which killed 90% in half hour. The Fj formula was made from pyrethrum extract with 0.041% piretrin, 0.1% citronella oil, 3% sesame oil, 1% natalein and LAWS solvent LAWS was the best solvent for the formula.

Key words : Fly spray, pyrethrum, formulation, efficacy test, houselies
Analysis of Prehistoric Artifacts from 2003 Excavations at the George C. Davis Site (41CE19), Cherokee County, Texas
Authors: Perttula
Published: July 2020

A small sample of artifacts were recovered in 2003 archaeological excavations at the George C. Davis site (Caddoan Mounds State Historic Site) by The University of Texas at Austin. The work was done in conjunction with a large-scale geophysical survey of the site to locate archaeologically significant geophysical anomalies (i.e. Caddo structures, pit features, palisades, burial features, etc.). The excavations in Unit 113, ca. 150 m east of Mound B (Figure 1), were focused on Feature 237, a kind of circular Caddo structure called a “Button House” because of its four support posts around a central hearth feature.

The principal kinds of artifacts found in the work include plain and decorated Caddo pottery sherds (40%), lithic debris (27%), and small pieces of what appears to be a glauconitic-rich clay (18%) that are likely not naturally found in the soils at the site. Appendix 1 provides an inventory, by provenience, of the recovered artifacts.
Telemedicina y humanización de la atención médica en la pandemia Covid-19
Authors: Sevilla-Fuentes Samuel , Hernández Medel María Luisa
Published: July 2020

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