bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA CONTAINING SEVERAL KINDS OF NEURONAL PEPTIDES WITH WATERY DIARRHEA SYNDROME
Authors: Yagihashi Soroku , Shimoyama Norihiko , Morita Takayuki , Sato Tatsusuke , Yanaihara Noboru
Published: December 2008

This report presents an adrenal ganglioneuroblastoma containing several kinds of neuronal peptides. The tumour was found in an autopsy case of a 3‐year‐old girl with clinical manifestation of intractable diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria, and with elevated levels of plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Immunoperoxidase staining showed many immuno‐reactive VIP‐ containing cells, some somatostatin‐and substance P‐contalning cells on the tumour sections. Ultrastructurally, the tumour cells contained numerous secretory granules that could be divided mainly into two types; one is a small cored vesicle (50‐150 nm in diameter) and the other large electron dense secretory granule (200‐500 nm in diameter). It was suggested that the cells in ganglioneuroblastoma derived from neural crest are closely related to the cells that could differentiate into gut‐hormone‐producing cells.
NAPHTHOL AS–D CHLOROAGETATE ESTERASE REACTION
Authors: KATAYAMA Isao , MOCHINO Tadaaki
Published: December 2008

Currently used methods for naphthol AS–D chloroacetate (NASDGA) esterase reactions can be divided Into 3 groups according to the coupler used, i.e., fast garnet GBC, pararosanllln, and new fuchsln. These 3 groups were systematically modified with regard to modes of fixation and Incubation in ordet to develop optimal methods for their application on sections of formalin–fixed and paraffin–embedded tissue as well as blood smears. After obtaining the optimal modifications for each of the 3 coupler methods, comparison was made between the 3 optimal methods for blood smears and the 3 for tissue sections. For blood smears, the methods using either fast garnet GBC or new fuchsin as coupler were found to be equally excellent, while the method using pararosanllln as coupler was not as superior. For tissue sections, the methods using either fast garnet GBC or pararosanilin were found to be equally excellent, while the method using new fuchsin was not as superior. Thus, only the method using fast garnet GBC as coupler was found excellent for both purposes. It was also found that bone marrow biopsies routinely processed through formalin–fixation would yield excellent NASDCA esterase reaction provided Plank and Rychlo's method instead of EDTA was employed for decalcification. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 33: 381 – 393, 1983.
THE ROLE OF 25‐HYDROXY‐VITAMIN D3 IN THE INDUCTION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN SWINE and RABBIT BY HYPERVITAMINOSIS D
Authors: Toda Takayoshi , Leszczynski Dennis E. , Kummerow Fred A.
Published: December 2008

Fibromuscular intimal thickening was seen in the ascending and thoracic aorta of the swine fed 62,500 IU of vitamin D3/kg of diet for three months duration; and after 3 months of vitamin D3 withdrawal, atherosclerotic lesions were found. In rabbits, pronounced aortic smooth muscle cell necrosis developed with the forced feeding of 10,000 IU vitamin D3 dissolved in corn oil/kg body weight/day for 14 days. Serum analyses indicated that blood calcium did not differ from that of animals fed corn oil alone, but that the level of serum 25‐hydroxy‐ vitamin D3 measured by HPLC was 30 times that in the control animals. These data suggest that choleclaciferol (the oxidized sterol with vitamin D3 activity) has a very destructive influence on the integrity of arterial wall, and that smooth muscle cell necrosis could be caused by enhanced membrane permeability to Ca2+ following 25‐hydroxy‐vitamin D3 incorporation into smooth muscle cell membranes.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL SIMILARITIES BETWEEN IgA NEPHROPATHY and HENOCH‐SCHOENLEIN PURPURA (HSP) NEPHRITIS
Authors: Tomino Yasuhiko , Endoh Masayuki , Miura Masahiko , Nomoto Yasuo , Sakai Hideto
Published: December 2008

A study on the immunopathological similarities between IgA nephropathy and Henoch‐Schoenlein purpura (HSP) nephritis is described. Various examinations were performed as follows. (1) Pathological studies: light microscopic findings and immunofluorescent staining; (2) Measurement of the levels of IgA in pharyngeal washings and sera, and those of IgA quantitated by radial immunodiffusion; (3) Elution studies: renal biopsy specimens obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis were treated with citrate buffer (pH 3.2) and the “eluate” was neutralized by sodium hydroxide. The “eluate” was then applied to the acid‐treated sections obtained from the same and other patients with IgA nephropathy as well as sections from patients with HSP nephritis and other glomerular diseases. The sections were stained with FITC‐ conjugated heavy chain specific antihuman IgA antisera and then examined with a fluorescent microscope. There were no differences in pathological findings of IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis in the light microscopic and immunofluorescent examinations. The levels of IgA in pharyngeal washings and sera were significantly increased in patients with both diseases. IgA antibodies deposited in kidneys from patients with HSP nephritis crossreacted with kidneys from some patients with IgA nephropathy, and vice versa. However, antibodies from patients with IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis did not react with normal glomeruli or other nephritic glomeruli. It is concluded that there are some immunopathological similarities between IgA nephropathy and HSP nephritis.
DUODENAL SOMATOSTATINOMA Immunohistopathology and Review of Literature
Authors: Kaneko Hiroshi , Toshima Muneatsu , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Kitazawa Mikio , Ito Seiki , Iwanaga Toshihiko , Kusumoto Yoshisuke , Fujita Tsuneo , Nitta Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

A case of duodenal somatostatinoma is reported. The patient, a 54‐year‐old male, had complained of an epigastric pain due to gastric ulcer and a duodenal polyp was unexpectedly found at a gastrectomy. The polyp showed basically tubular adenocarcinoma, with negative argyrophil and argentaffin reactions. By an indirect immunofluorescent examination almost all of the tumor cells were revealed as somatostatin‐immunoreactive. Big somatostatin was also positive. Radioimmunoassay of the tumor indicated 6400 pg of somatostatin‐like immunoreactivity per milligram of wet tissue. This seems to be the second case of duodenal somatostatinoma, following the case reported by us previously.
SECONDARY RENAL OXALOSIS
Authors: Mori Shigeo , Beppu Tomoe
Published: December 2008

Various clinical and pathologic items were examined regarding renal oxalosis in 501 autopsy cases. The rubeanic acid method (Yasue) was applied to 501 kidney sections to demonstrate the presence of calcium oxalate crystals. The extent of renal oxalosis was determined by counting the black‐stained crystals per 10 low‐power field (1.3 cm2). Thus, severe oxalosis (more than 50 crystals) was observed in 38 cases; moderate oxalosis (between 10 and 50 crystals) in 19 cases; mild (fewer than 10 crystals) in 36 cases, and no deposition in 408 cases. Acute or chronic renal failure and xylitol infusion were found to be highly correlated to renal oxalosis. Cases with diabetes mellitus, with hepatocellular degeneration, or with glucose infusion, as well as neoplasms or some other alleged causes, were found to be primarily unrelated to renal oxalosis, even though the overlapping renal insufficiency, or xylitol infusion caused some of these items to appear related. In cases with xylitol infusion, the extent of renal oxalosis was shown to be dose‐dependent: No severe or moderate oxalosis was observed in cases where the total dose of infusion was less than 100 g, while in cases over 500 g, 10/24, or 44 percent, showed severe oxalosis.
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA PRESENTING EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Nonomura Akitaka , Ohta Goroku , Kanai Masanobu , Kobayashi Kenichi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of hepatocellular carcinoma presenting extrahepatic obstructive jaundice was reported. The patient was a 68‐year‐old man with 5‐year history of chronic liver disease and markedly jaundiced, and died of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Autopsy revealed hepatocellular carcinoma associated with liver cirrhosis and metastatic polypoid growth in the common bile duct and cystic duct which completely obstructed the duct lumen. Obstructive jaundice secondary to complete obstruction of the common bile duct was a rare complication of hepatocellular carcinoma. The other 85 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma presenting extrahepatic biliary obstruction are reviewed.
EXPERIMENTAL PHOSPHOLIPIDOSIS INDUCED BY 4,4′‐DIETHYL‐AMINOETHOXYHEXESTROL
Authors: Tashiro Yukio , Watanabe Yonosuke , Enomoto Yasuhiro
Published: December 2008

The effect of a generalized phospholipidosis inducing drug, diethylamino‐ethoxyhexestrol (DH, a coronary vasodilator), was studied using rats. The initial alterations are characterized by the appearance of abnormal cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. At the early stage of DH administraion, they appeared near the Golgi apparatus. Histochemical and ultrastructural evidence showed that the inclusion bodies consisted of polar lipid, mainly of phospholipids. From cytochemical and biochemical observation, the lysosome was regarded as the primary site of the drug‐induced morphological changes. The drug‐induced abnormal cytoplasmic inclusion bodies were of three basic morphological types, i.e., multilamellated, crystalloid and finger‐print‐like bodies. Additionally, many intermediate forms were found showing structural features of those basic types. These drug‐induced cytoplasmic changes, namely storage of phospholipids, were considered to be reversible both morphologically and biochemically after the cessation of DH administration.
LONG‐TERM POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE STORAGE
Authors: Takahashi Kiyoshi , Eto Komyo , Takeya Motohiro , Naito Makoto , Yaginuma Yoshio , Ichihara Atsuyoshi
Published: December 2008

Biopsy specimens of lymph nodes or bone marrow taken from two cases, which seemed to have received intravenous infusions of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) more than 15 years ago, were examined histopathologically, histochemically or electron microscopically. In the lymph nodes, proliferation of foam cells, often with multinuclear giant cells, and basophilic vacuolar massive deposition were found markedly in the lymphatic sinuses and sporadically in the parenchyma. In the bone marrow, basophilic foam cells predominated, together with infrequent appearance of multinuclear giant cells and basophilic vacuolar deposits. The basophilic materials stored in the foam cells and multinuclear giant cells, as well as basophilic vacuolar massive deposits, were histochemically proved to stain with the special stains for demonstration of PVP. Electron microscopically, storage inclusions observed in the cytoplasm of PVP‐storing macrophages were comprised of electron‐dense, amorphous substances or of vacuolar, fine reticulogranular, flocculent materials and were bounded by a single delimitating membrane. Most of the inclusions, particularly osmiophilic ones, showed intense acid phosphatase activity, while larger, vacuolar inclusions had a reduced or no enzyme activity. Extracellularly, vacuolar storage inclusions with no enzyme activity were found. The possible mechanism of long‐term PVP storage in the tissues was briefly discussed.
MYXOPAPILLARY EPENDYMOMA OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE
Authors: Sato Hiromichi , Ohmura Koichi , Mizushima Mutsue , Ito Jishu , Kuyama Hideyuki
Published: December 2008

Reported was the first case of myxopapillary ependymoma arising from the right lateral ventricle of a 29‐year‐old Japanese male. The histological and ultrastructural findings were identical to those from the filum terminale.

It was suggested that insudation of plasma proteins found within hyaline‐thickened blood vessels in the tumor stroma represented the presence of previous long‐standing anoxia and thus, circulatory disturbance would be closely related to the formation of the stromal myxoid change.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL CYTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF ELASTIN IN THE MATRIX OF SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS
Authors: Nikai Hiromasa , Ogawa Ikuko , Ijuhin Naokuni , Yamasaki Akira , Takata Takashi , Elbardaie Adel
Published: December 2008

Following light microscopic survey of the incidence of elastic tissue in 80 salivary gland tumors, tissue samples from 14 pleomorphic adenomas, three myoepitheliomas, and eight adenoid cystic carcinomas were processed for cytochemical demonstration of elastin with the tannic add stain for ultrathin sections. For comparative study, some other tumor types devoid of elastic tissue at the light microscopic level and non‐neoplastic submandibular glands were also investigated. Elastic deposits of varying amounts were clearly revealed on the basal‐lamina‐like material and/or masses of microfibrils in the matrix close to the neoplastic myoepithelium and, to a lesser degree, immediately beneath the non‐neoplastic myoepithelium. None of the other tumor types without myoepithelial differentiation contained elastic deposits closely associated with the neoplastic cells. Intimate topographical relationship of such an immature elastic fiber or developing elastic tissue to the neoplastic myoepithelial cells strongly indicated the primary origin of elastic components from these cells. It is postulated that the potential of salivary tumor cells to produce elastin is regarded as an indicator of their myoepithelial nature or differentiation.
A HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF DIFFUSE HYPERPLASIA OF GASTRIC ARGYROPHIL CELLS
Authors: Shimoda Tadakazu , Tanoue Shokan , Ikegami Masahiro , Fujii Yasuhiro , Muroya Tetsuya , Ishikawa Eisei
Published: December 2008

The present study includes a histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 4 cases of diffuse hyperplasia of gastric argyrophil cells. The mode of proliferation of these cells and the production of hormone by these cells have been documented. The distribution of microacinar nests composed of argyrophil cells was thought to be related to chronic gastritis in which there are atrophy of mucosa and intestinal metaplasia. In the case in which these nests were found only in the corpus ventriculi, there was intestinal metaplasia throughout the stomach. On the other hand, in the case in which these nests appeared only in the pyloric area, atrophy of the mucosa with mild intestinal metaplasia was observed only in the pyloric area. The microacinar nests composed of argyrophil cells were distributed in the deep mucosa at the basal portion of the glands in the area with intestinal metaplasia. Serial sections revealed a sprout composed of argyrophil cells budding from the gland with intestinal metaplastic changes. The sprout buds out from the growth zone of glands with Intestinal metaplasia and then becomes isolated and gives rise to reactive hyperplasia. The peptide hormone contained in these cells differs according to the mucosal environments. Cells containing gastrin were observed in the pyloric area, but not in the corpus ventriculi where there was marked intestinal metaplasia. The cells in this area were assumed to contain other hormones.
MALIGNANT CHEMODECTOMA (PARAGANGLIOMA) OF THE LARYNX A Case Report with Electron Microscopy and Biochemical Assay
Authors: Ohsawa Motoko , Kurita Yukio , Horie Akio , Kurita Ken‐ichi
Published: December 2008

This report presents a case of malignant chemodectoma In the epiglottic region of a 47‐year‐old man. His initial complaint was laryngeal discomfort and he expired from generalized metastases of the tumor about one year after operation. The tumor was detected by laryngoscopy and laryngogram. The yellow parenchymatous tumor, 2.8×2.5×1.5 cm in size, was resected together with two enlarged regional lymph nodes. The mass was subjected to a histopathological study and biochemical assay. Microscopically, the tumor was located in the submucosa of the epiglottis and showed an alveolar growth pattern of comparatively uniform tumor cells. Neurosecretory granules were clearly demonstrated by Grimelius’method and by electron microscopy. The biochemical assay revealed that the tumor contained small amounts of serotonine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. The distribution of paraganglia as the source of these tumors, the clinicopathological review of the previous reports and significance of neurosecretory granules are discussed.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ALTERATIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE IN DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY AND POLYMYOSITIS
Authors: Morizumi Hiroshi , Hizawa Kazuo , Nunomura Shinsaku , Ii Kunio
Published: December 2008

Histological and ultrastructural alterations of skeletal muscles in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) (32 cases) and polymyositis (PM) (33 cases) were compared qualitatively and quantitatively. Regeneration is more numerous in PM than DMD throughout all stages. Stromal fibrosis and hyaline fiber with delta lesion are characteristic for DMD. In the electron microscope, we observed the usual preservation of basement membrane in degenerating muscle fibers and uncomplicated muscle regeneration in PM. On the other hand, there were partial disruption of the plasma membrane lining the delta lesion and degeneration of basement membrane and probable invasion of collagen fiber into sarcoplasm in some hypercontracted fibers in DMD. Besides, there appeared atypical form of regeneration in DMD, namely myocytes arrested at the stage of mononuclear myoblast or primitive myotube with degeneration of myofibrils and cytoplasmic organelles. At the advanced stage of DMD, there was scarce activity of regeneration. Stromal fibrosis, abnormality of membrane systems, and failure of regeneration were the characteristics of DMD. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1221–1242. 1984.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRICAL STUDY OF THE HUMAN EPIDIDYMIS AND TESTIS
Authors: Oshima Seiichiro , Okayasu Isao , Uchima Hisataka , Hatakeyama Shigeru
Published: December 2008

Histopathological and morphometrical observations of the epididymis and testis were performed on 159 autopsy cases and 3 surgical materials of orchiectomy. The serum values of testosterone, FSH, LH, and values of intratesticular testosterone were measured in a certain number of the cases. Concerning the epididymis, increasing arteriosclerotic change was observed in the older epididymis. A high incidence of hyalinization of small arteries and arterioles was found in the younger epididymis. Eosinophilic microbodies were seen in the epithelial nuclei of the ductus epididymidis with high incidence in the older age groups. They were thought to be a catabolic compound containing phospholipids and protein resulting from cell degeneration of the mucosal epithelium. The diameter of the ductus epididymidis decreased with age. Inflammatory changes and ensued periductal sclerosis were found in the efferent duct area with an extremely high incidence. Serum values of testosterone correlated with both the age and morphological scoring calculated on the basis of either clusters or individual Leydig cells. Furthermore, testicular volume was inversely correlated with age. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 34: 1327–1342, 1984.
INCREASED ACIDOPHILS OF THE HYPOPHYSIS IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Takanashi Riichiro , Ishikawa Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

The percentage of cell number of 3 types of male anterior pituitary cells was counted in autopsy cases with liver cirrhosis and cases that died of other conditions. These cases were then compared. In liver cirrhosis, acidophils (somatotrophs and mammotrophs) showed a tendency to increase in cell percentages. Immunocytochem‐istry also revealed the increase in the number of somatotrophs and mammotrophs in liver cirrhosis. Comparison of protein sythesis in cirrhotic liver and in healthy liver, in vitro, revealed that in the cirrhotic liver tissue protein synthesis was markedly depressed and GH for protein synthesis became more necessary than in a non‐cirrhot‐ic state. The disturbed protein synthesis and hypoproteinemia were suggested as causative factors of increased acidophils of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis.
AN IMMUNOFLUORESCENT STUDY OF GENERALIZED COXSACKIE VIRUS B3 INFECTION IN A NEWBORN INFANT
Authors: Iwasaki Takuya , Monma Nobuhiro , Satodate Ryoichi , Kawana Rinji , Kueata Takeshi
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of a 10‐day‐old newborn with generalized infection of Coxsackie virus B3 (CBV3) was reported. CBV3 was isolated from the blood before death. The patient died of cardiac failure. An immunofluorescent study was carried out on autopsy specimens fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin. CBV3 antigen was detected in the heart, brain, kidney, lungs, spleen, thymus, and pancreas. In the pancreas CBV3 antigen was predominantly seen in the islet cells. No CBV3 antigen was found in the liver and adrenal glands. Electron microscopic examination revealed virion‐like particles, 20 nm in diameter, in the endothelial cells of the myocardium. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35:741‐748, 1985.
MELANOCYTES IN ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST
Authors: Takeda Yasunori , Kuroda Masayuki , Kuroda Masafumi , Suzuki Atsumi , Fujioka Yukio
Published: December 2008

Melanocytes in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) were studied histopath‐ologically. As a result, melanocytes were observed within the basal layer of lining epithelium in five of 47 cases with OKC, with the overall prevalence being 10.6 per cent. Although no conclusion could be drawn from the present examination as to the origin of melanocytes in OKC, its possible histogenesis was discussed. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 899–903, 1985.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF HUMAN UMBILICAL ARTERY AND VEIN
Authors: Takagi Toshihiro , Leszczynski Dennis , Toda Takayoshi , Kummerow Fred , Nishimori Issei
Published: December 2008

Intimal thickening and lipid accumulation, which occur in atherosclerosis, were observed in fifteen human umbilical vessels. Quantification of lipid laden cells was done electron‐microscopically. Within 1 month after birth, lipid laden cells originating from macrophges were observed in the umbilical artery, while those originating from smooth muscle cells were seen in the umbilical artery and vein. Lipid droplet formation appeared to be independent and different in macrophages and smooth muscle cells; the latter cells were stimulated to produce lipid droplets by hypoxia and the former cells by blood components.
MYOSITIS OSSIFICANS
Authors: SUMIYOSHI Kinjiro , TSUNEYOSHI Masazumi , ENJOJI Munetomo
Published: December 2008

This clinicopathologic study concerns 21 patients with myositis ossificans, whose ages ranged from 7 to 81 years (average, 40.3 years). The lesions were located in the thigh (10 cases), upper arm (6 cases), and other sites (5 cases). In all patients the lesion was solitary, and in all but one, it was seen within the muscle. Histologically, the lesions exhibited a wide range of histologic features with different amounts of immature fibroblastic cells, osteoid, cartilage, and young or mature bone accompanied by fibrous connective tissue. They could be classified into three types according to the predominant or most striking histologic features. Type I (6 cases) was characterized by highly cellular areas with islands of osteoid, having occasionally been confused with extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma. Type II lesions (8 cases) consisted mainly of osteoid and young bone rimmed by osteoblasts, in the occasional presence of cellular areas. Type III lesions (7 cases) were made up almost wholly of mature bone and cartilage surrounded invariably by dense fibrous connective tissue. Prognosis was excellent in 17 patients for whom follow‐up information was available. Difference between Type I myositis ossificans and extraskeletal osteogenic sarcoma was briefly described, following an additional review of three cases of the latter.
COEXISTENCE OF IgA NEPHROPATHY AND MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY
Authors: KOBAYASHI Yutaka , FUJII Kazufumi , HIKI Yoshiyuki , CHEN Xiang‐Mei
Published: December 2008

Renal biopsy findings of a 27‐year‐old female with asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria revealed two distinct glomerular alterations compatible with both IgA nephropathy and membranous nephropathy. The concomitant presence of two different primary glomerular diseases is very rare.
MUCOSUBSTANCE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE NORMAL MUCOSA AND CARCINOMA OF THE LARGE INTESTINE: Galactose Oxidase‐Schiff Reaction and Lectin Stainings
Authors: Katsuyama Tsutomu , Ono Kenzo , Nakayama Jun , Akamatsu Taiji , Honda Takayuki
Published: December 2008

Thirty‐four cases of carcinoma of the human large intestine were studied employing a battery of histochemical techniques to identify and characterize mucosubstances, including galactose oxidase‐Schiff (GOS) reaction and stain‐ings with horseradish peroxidase‐labeled lectins. The results disclosed that the goblet cell‐type much (GCM) of the left colon differed from that of the right colon in containing 8‐O‐acetylated N‐acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) more abundantly and 8‐O‐acetylated NANA‐(αFuc)‐βGal type terminal structures. The right colonic GCM, on the other hand, was shown to contain α Fuc‐βGal type predominantly. Surface coat‐type mucin (SCM) showed consistent histochemical reactivities regardless of the sites in the large intestine. The transitional mucosa surrounding carcinoma tissues characteristically revealed decreased sulfation and neuraminidase‐induced GOS reactivity, suggesting the presence of NANA‐β Gal type terminals. The carcinoma tissues resembled the transitional mucosa in showing neuraminidase‐induced GOS reactivity, but differed from the latter in possessing intense UEA‐I reactivity. The present study indicated that the refined histochemical techniques recently developed were quite useful for understanding the histochemical reactivities correlating with sugar structures. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 1409–1425, 1985.
CALCIFICATION OF MATRIX VESICLES IN CARDIAC MYXOMA
Authors: Tanimura Akira , Tanaka Syunichi , Kitazono Masatomo , Kosuga Kenichi
Published: December 2008

The mechanism of calcification in cardiac myxoma, using histologic, ultra‐structural and potassium pyroantimonate technique was demonstrated. There are a large number of extracellular membrane‐invested structure measuring 100–700 mμ in cardiac myxoma. These structures are similar to the matrix vesicles observed in skeletal tissue and atherosclerotic foci. Potassium pyroantimonate reacts with these vesicular structures and degenerated myxoma cells. It was thought that calcification in cardiac myxoma occurs by the same mechanism as calcification in atherosclerosis. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 35: 1445–1452, 1985.
DAUNOMYCIN‐INDUCED NEPHROPATHY IN RATS
Authors: Kubosawa Hitoshi , Akikusa Bunshiro , Kondo Yoichiro
Published: December 2008

A single intravenous injection of daunomycin into rats Induced severe glomerular injury with massive proteinuria. Mesangial thickening due to an increase in the matrix appeared as early as 5 weeks after injection. Focal and segmental glomerular tuft distortion developed by 10 weeks associated with a progressive mesangial change, which was accompanied by detachments of endothelial cells and podocytes from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) resulting in obliteration of the affected tufts. After 20 weeks, the lesion ultimately progressed to cause diffuse and global glomerular obliteration. Scattered glomeruli also showed frank shrinkage with a mild obliterative change. By observing a number of isolated glomeruli in scanning electron microscopy, it was revealed that podocyte alterations were variable from case to case and foot processes remained discrete in some cases until 10 weeks, despite the presence of marked proteinuria. Anionic sites distributed throughout the GBM and on the surface of podocytes were usually preserved in proteinuric rats as far as evaluated by ruthenium red and colloidal iron stainings. Our results indicate that loss of foot processes and of glomerular anionic sites are not causative factors but consequences of proteinuria.
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM OCCURRING IN AN EPIDERMAL CYST ON THE EYELID
Authors: Ueyama Yoshito , Osamuka Yoshiyuki , Shimamura Kazuo , Nishimura Masaki , Machida Satoru , Tamaoki Norikazu
Published: December 2008

We hereby report light and electron‐microscopic (EM) studies on an unusual case of molluscum contagiosum occurring in an epidermal cyst It was considered that the pre‐existing cyst was inoculated with molluscum contagiosum viruses, which were confirmed electron‐microscopically. We also would like to re‐emphasize the usefulness of formalin fixed tissue for EM confirmation of viruses.
PIGMENTED VILLONODULAR SYNOVITIS A Clinicopathologic Study of 52 Cases
Authors: Ushijima Masahiro , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Enjoji Munetomo
Published: December 2008

Clinicopathologic, enzyme histochemical and electron microscopic findings in 52 patients with pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVS) are reported. The lesion was by far the most common in the knee joint (48%), followed by the ankle joint (25%). As to sex incidence, there seemed to be no predilection (46% in men, 54% in women). Microscopically, the PVS showed thin or thick villous projections of the involved synovial membrane, associated with or without nodular formation. The nodule of PVS consisted essentially of a proliferation of histiocyte‐like cells with phagocytic activities. Another characteristic feature was large clefts and pseudoglandular or alveolar spaces lined by synovial cells. Enzyme histochemical studies revealed that the lesional cells had functional properties of macrophages. Electron microscopically, the lesion consisted essentially of histiocyte‐like and flbroblast‐like cells, together with intermediate cells and myofibroblasts.
INFLAMMATORY FIBROID POLYP OF THE STOMACH
Authors: Ishikura Hiroshi , Sato Fujio , Naka Ayako , Kodama Takao , Aizawa Miki
Published: December 2008

Fourteen cases of inflammatory fibroid polyp of the stomach were studied in terms of immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure. They occurred as polypoid lesions in the antrum, except for two found in the body of the stomach. Out of the 14 cases, two were found to be multiple and the remainder solitary. In all but one lesion, the mucosal layer was involved and six lesions were entirely localized within the mucosal layer, suggesting that inflammatory fibroid polyps of the stomach originate in the mucosal layer. Neither S100 protein, factor VII‐related antigen, alpha 1‐antitrypsin nor lysozymes were found in the cytoplasm of the proliferating cells. The ultrastructures of the proliferating cells were fibroblastic rather than neurogenic, angiogenic, or myofibroblastic. These findings suggest that the cells are fibroblasts, though the possibility that they are facultative fibroblasts remains. An interesting observation made with electron microscope was the infection of micro‐organisms similar to mycoplasma. This seems to deserve further investigation as a possible etiologic factor of the disease.
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND SCHISTOSOMIASIS JAPONICA: A Clinicopathologic Study of 59 Autopsy Cases of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Chronic Schistosomiasis Japonica
Authors: Kojiro Masamichi , Kakizoe Saburo , Yano Hirohisa , Tsumagari Junichi , Kenmochi Kunihiko , Nakashima Toshiro
Published: December 2008

The association between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic hepatic schistosomiasis (CS) was studied by reviewing, 4,886 autopsies in adults during the past 20 years. In 229 cases of CS, 59 (25.7%) also had HCC. Among cases without CS, 399 (8.5%) had HCC. The incidence of HCC in patients with CS was significantly higher than that of other autopsy cases (p<0.01). Serum HBsAg was positive in 25.7% of 35 HCC cases with CS examined for hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and anti HBs was positive in 10 of the 12 HBsAg‐negative cases associated with CS, and in 62.1% of the other HBsAg‐negative cases examined. Thus, most of HCC cases, including those associated with CS, probably had HBV infection at one time. Morphological examination revealed varying degrees of non‐schistosomal hepatic changes, including macronodular or mixed macro‐and micronodular cirrhosis, superimposed on schistosomal fibrosis in about two‐thirds of the cases of HCC associated with CS. Although conclusive evidence whether or not schistosomal infection had a direct role in hepatocarcinogenesls could not be obtained, it was predicted that the additional non‐schistosomal factors, particularly HBV infection, might play a synergistic role.
ISOLATED WELL‐FORMED INTESTINAL TISSUE IN THE UMBILICAL CORD: A Variant of Cyst of Omphalomesenteric Duct
Authors: Iwasaki Isao , Yu Ten Jun , Itahashi Kojiro , Nito Akio , Yamaguchi Hisao , Onoki Jun
Published: December 2008

An extremely rare abnormality, a variant of omphalomesenteric duct, was observed in the umbilical cord 1 cm from the entry point into the abdominal wall, which itself was as an isolated mass of well‐formed intestinal tissue free of structural defects. This intestinal tissue seems to be the remnant of an intestinal loop from caudal limb of midgut following physiological herniation during the third month of gestation.
MALIGNANT ENDOMETRIOID ADENOFIBROMA OF THE OVARY WITH SEROUS CYSTADENOMA
Authors: Iwasaki Isao , Yu Ten Jun , Takahashi Atsushi
Published: December 2008

This is a case report of malignant endometrioid adenofibroma of the ovary with serous cystadenoma in a 42‐year‐old female. It was classified as FIGO serous IA (2) ovarian tumors. Serous epithelium transformation into endometrioid glandular epithelium was disclosed. The patient is now in good condition and followed‐up periodically.
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA WITH METASTATIC GASTRIC CANCER SIMULATING BORRMANN TYPE 2 AND HYPERLIPIDEMIA
Authors: Makino Hiroshi , Takazakura Eisuke , Nakamura Satoshi , Kobayashi Kenichi , Hattori Nobu , Nonomura Akitaka , Ohta Goroku
Published: December 2008

A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with metastasis to the stomach and hyperlipidemia as a paraneoplastic syndrome was presented. The patient, a 69‐year‐old man, was admitted to Kurobe City Hospital with a complaint of eplgastralgia. He was diagnosed as having hepatocellular carcinoma by an increased plasma AFP and the abnormalities of hepatic scintigram and abdominal angiography. Endoscopic examination of the stomach revealed an ulcerative lesion suggesting Borrmann type 2 gastric cancer and the gastric mucosal biopsy was interpreted as tubular adenocarcinoma. At autopsy, the liver was enlarged and weighed 4,170g without liver cirrhosis. Histologic finding of the liver tumor was hepatocellular carcinoma of Edmondson's grade 2 and the gastric tumor with bile production was identical to that of liver tumor. The tumor architecture of the stomach, however, was mixed with trabecular pattern and tubular pattern near the site of gastric mucosa, and was concordant with the findings of gastric mucosal biopsy. Multiple tumor thrombi in the portal system suggested that hepatocellular carcinoma retrogradely metastasized to the stomach through the portal system.
A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF 15 AUTOPSY CASES WITH ALLOGENEIC BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION IN SPECIAL REFERENCE TO GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE (GVHD)
Authors: Nakamura Noriko
Published: December 2008

A clinicopathological investigation was made on 15 autopsy cases with allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Engraftment was recognized in 11 patients, 6 out of which survived more than 100 days postgrafting, and 5 terminated within 100 days. The other patients succumbed to sepsis before engraftment. In 8 evaluated cases with clinical acute graft versus host disease (GVHD), involvement of acute GVHD was histologically confirmed in the skin, liver, and/or intestine. Atypical ductal changes similar to those of interlobular bile ducts were noted in the pancreas and esophageal gland in a patient with severe acute GVHD. Although 6 long‐term patients showed neither definite lichenoid papulae nor sicca syndrome diagnostic for clinical chronic GVHD, 4 patients exhibited prolonged hepatic dysfunction and/or abnormal serological tests suggestive of autoimmunity, and they had some degree of basal vacuolar degeneration with or without lymphocytic infiltrates in the dermis, and atypical degeneration of small bile ducts at the same level as seen in acute GVHD ranging 20 to 50 μ m in diameter. Chronic sialoadenitis with atypical epithelial degeneration was evident in two of them. A major cause of death was interstitial pneumonia of viral or fungal etiology due to persistent immunodeficiency.
CLEAR CELL SARCOMA OF THE KIDNEY An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Ogawa Katsuhiko , Nakashima Yasuaki , Yamabe Hirohiko , Hamashima Yoshihiro
Published: December 2008

Three cases of clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) and 5 cases of Wilms' tumor were investigated immunohistochemically to examine the expression of tissue‐specific intermediate filaments (cytokeratin, vimentin, and desmin) and myoglobin. In CCSK, tumor cells were negative for cytokeratin, except for occasional tubular structures, and vimentin was demonstrated in only one case. In Wilms' tumor, epithelial components were positive for cytokeratin and stromal cells were positive for vimentin, while no staining was found in blastemal cells for either. Both desmin and myoglobin were negative in all tumor cells except for skeletal muscle cells in Wilms' tumor. In the current study, some neoplastic cells in CCSK were revealed to be of mesenchymal nature, but blastemal cells in Wilms' tumor were not.
GIANT‐CELL REPARATIVE GRANULOMA OF THE THORACIC VERTEBRA
Authors: Inoue Hiroshi , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Enjoji Munetomo , Shinohara Norio , Yokoyama Koichiro
Published: December 2008

Giant‐cell reparative granuloma occurring in the thoracic vertebra of a 16‐year‐old girl is presented, and the literature concerining the subject is reviewed. This report is of the second documented case with this essentially rare lesion arising in the vertebra. Microscopically, the lesion was characterized by a reactive granulation tissue with formation of reactive osteoid, collagenization and vascularization, and focal accumulations of giant cells, particularly around hemorrhagic portions. The patient is doing well without further recurrence 38 months after the second therapeutic curettage. The authors describe the clinicopathologic features of this particular case because of its rarity in location, and briefly discuss the difference from other giant‐cell lesions of bone mainly in view of differential diagnosis.
LYMPHOID ADENOHYPOPHYSITIS
Authors: Okamoto Tsukasa , Moriyama Eiji , Mizukawa Norihiko
Published: December 2008

A rare case of lymphoid adenohypophysitis in a 28‐year‐old woman with temporal relation to pregnancy is described. A CT scan disclosed a round, contrast‐enhancing sellar mass simulating pituitary adenoma, and endocrine evaluation showed mild hypopituitarism. Histological examination of the specimen obtained by transsphenoidal hypophysectomy after uneventful natural labour showed marked diffuse infiltration of mature lymphocytes with many germinal centers within lymphoid follicles. This finding was the same as previously reported. The present case makes a total of 15 cases reported in the world literature up to date. To our knowledge, no report has been documented in Japan.
FOCAL PALISADING GRANULOMA IN THE PROSTATE AND BLADDER: A Clinicopathologic Study of 88 Total Cystectomy Specimens
Authors: Yamada Yasushi
Published: December 2008

In close inspection of 88 total cystectomy specimens, 20 were found to have rheumatoid nodule‐like lesions known as “focal palisading granulomas”. Nineteen of these nodules were from patients with a history of previous transurethral resection (TUR). Such granulomas were identified in the prostate in 3, in the bladder in 13, and in both prostate and bladder in another 3. The remaining one patient had undergone a cold cup biopsy followed by electric coagulation. The granulomas were characterized microscopically by the presence of central necrosis surrounded by palisading histiocytes and fibroblasts, and were situated in areas of the previous TUR. There were no granulomas in 20 other patients with no history of previous TUR and other surgical procedures. The lesions were commonly seen in the superficial zone of the bladder wall and in the prostate and, as proved by serial sections, opened onto the mucosal surface of the bladder and urethra, respectively. The observation confirmed that the focal palisading granulomas occurred not only in the prostate but also in the bladder, and seemed to be closely related to surgical procedures, especially to the electrocauterizing process, in both the bladder and prostate.
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE GALLBLADDER ASSOCIATED WITH SQUAMOUS METAPLASIA AND ADENOCARCINOMA IN SITU OF THE MUCOSAL COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Authors: Hanada Masato , Shimizu Hiroshi , Takami Motohisa
Published: December 2008

A case of well‐differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is presented. Unlike most previously reported cases, the tumor developed in association with squamous metaplasia as well as dysplastic and in situ adenocarcinomatous changes of the gallbladder epithelium. The significance of these lesions is discussed in relation to the histogenesis of squamous cell carcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma of this organ.
CILIATED‐CELL ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS
Authors: Morinaga Shojiroh , Tsumuraya Masaru , Nakajima Takashi , Shimosato Yukio , Okazaki Nobuo
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of ciliated‐cell adenocarcinoma of the pancreas was reported. A 65‐year‐old man, who had undergone subutotal gastrectomy because of advanced gastric carcinoma 6 years previously, died of obstructive jaundice. The autopsy revealed a primary tumor in the head of the pancreas and multiple metastatic foci in the liver, lungs, and regional lymph nodes. Histologically, the pancreatic tumor was moderately differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma with well developed cilia. The metastatic tumor also showed similar histology. Histologic and ultrastructural features of the tumor were described in detail and the cytogenesis of ciliated‐cell adenocarcinoma was briefly discussed.
NEUROTHEKEOMA: Report of a Case with Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Studies
Authors: Henmi Akihiro , Sato Hideaki , Wataya Tomiyuki , Inaniwa Yoshimi , Mori Yoshiomi
Published: December 2008

A case of neurothekeoma in a 52‐year‐old woman is reported. The tumor developed on the medial aspect of the right nostril as a well‐demarcated, dome‐shaped, erythematous nodule of rubbery consistency. Microscopically, it consisted of numerous nests and cords of spindle‐shaped cells in the dermis. Some of the tumor cell nests appeared epithelial‐like, while the other areas showed a myxomatous appearence with various amount of mucinous matrix in the intercellular space. Neurothekeoma is a benign cutaneous tumor, and is considered to be of schwann cell origin. In the present case, the tumor cells did not stain positively for S‐100 protein, despite the light microscopic suggestion of peripheral nerve origin. Ultrastructurally, most tumor cells contained a large number of myelinoid figures. This ultrastructural finding appears to be a useful diagnostic characteristics of neurothekeomas.
ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN 98 AUTOPSY CASES WITH RESPECT TO PULMONARY METASTASIS
Authors: Sawabe Motoji , Nakamura Takuro , Kanno Jun , Kasuga Tsutomu
Published: December 2008

The morphological features of ninety‐eight autopsy cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were analyzed in relation to pulmonary metastasis. Extra‐hepatic hematogenous metastasis was observed in 64% and lung was most frequently involved (62%). A close relationship was observed between intrahepatic vascular invasion and extrahepatic hematogenous metastasis to lungs. Portal vein‐invasion was found in 80% of cases and significant correlations were recognized between the rates of portal vein‐invasion and hepatic vein‐invasion, and between the rates of portal vein‐invasion and pulmonary metastasis. There was a close correlation among the macroscopic growth‐pattern, incidence of vascular invasion, and pulmonary metastasis, and their degrees. Namely, the expansive type HCC showed significantly lower rates of vascular invasion and pulmonary metastasis than the infiltrative or mixed type HCC. These rates were particularly low in the expansive type, single nodular subtype HCC with size of a primary tumor less than 10 cm. Significantly low rates of pulmonary metastasis and portal vein‐invasion were also noted in well‐differentiated carcinoma (Grade I or II). The existence of cirrhosis or fibrosis of liver in cases with HCC was not definitely related to the occurrence of pulmonary metastasis. It was originally clarified that invasion to the portal vein and the size of HCC played a main role in pulmonary metastasis.
ANTIATHEROMATOUS PROPERTIES OF ELASTASE IN CHOLESTEROL‐FED RABBITS and EX VIVO SUPPRESSIVE EFFECT OF ELASTASE ON SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL PROLIFERATION IN THE PRESENCE OF HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: Saeki Takao , Tanaka Kenzo
Published: December 2008

The effects of a clinical oral dose of elastase on aortic atheroma development were studied in 0.2% cholesterol‐fed rabbits, with or without endothelial denudation, using a balloon catheter. Elastase slightly decreased the serum lipids, but there was no significant difference from the serum lipids in the control groups. However, elastase significantly reduced the surface involvement of Sudan IV‐positive staining areas of the aortas in rabbits with and without endothelial injury. The effect of elastase on SMC proliferation stimulated by hypercholesterolemia (C‐serum or G‐plasma) was also investigated in ex vivo experiments. The cholesterol levels in the serum and plasma of the elastase group were not significantly different from those of the 0.5% cholesterol‐fed control rabbits. Proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells was stimulated in the control group, while such stimulation in the elastase group was significantly lower. Therefore, elastase may suppress the stimulation through plasma factors, hence a reduction in atheroma development would ensue.
EFFECT OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA ON GLOMERULAR SCLEROSIS IN UNILATERAL NEPHRECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Miyata Junichi , Takebayashi Shigeo
Published: December 2008

The development of focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) and its relation to hypertriglycemia were studied in unilateral nephrectomized rats. Group A (n=6), fed standard rat chow supplemented with 20% beef tallow and 0.6% cholic acid for 25 weeks, showed evidence of hypertriglycemia (109.4 ±4.3 mg/dl). Group B (n=7) was given the same rat chow as group A, but they did not have high serum levels of TG (66.4 ±2.3 mg/dl). Group C (n = 6) were the controls and their serum TG levels were 53.0 ±3.8 mg/dl. The incidence of FSGS and body weight was significantly higher in group A than in groups B (<0.01) and C (<0.05). In all three groups, rats with over a 4% FSGS revealed significantly high serum TG levels, proteinuria, and body weight, as compared with rats with less than 1% of FSGS. The serum cholesterol levels did not correlate with the incidence of FSGS. We tentatively conclude that hypertriglycemia induced by a diet rich in saturated fatty acid may play an importent role in the production and progression of FSGS.
HISTOPATHOLOGIC OBSERVATIONS ON THE SENESCENCE‐ACCELERATED MICE (SAM) REARED UNDER SPECIFIC PATHOGEN FREE CONDITIONS
Authors: Shino Akio , Tsukuda Ryoichi , Omori Yoshiaki , Matsuo Takao
Published: December 2008

Five to 12 months old senescence‐accelerated mice reared under specific pathogen free conditions (SPF SAM) were subjected to histopathologic examination. Senescence‐prone SAM‐P/1/Ta, P/3/Ta, and P/8/Ta exhibited marked depletion in thymic cortical lymphocytes which were associated with lymph follicle formation in the medulla, and marked infiltration of lymphocytes in the submaxillary gland, kidney, and other peripheral tissues. Morpho‐metrical analysis of the adrenal gland revealed cortical atrophy and medullary hyperplasia in male SAM‐P/8/Ta at 5 months of age. Other characteristic changes were marked vacuolation of the renal proximal tubules in male P/3/Ta and P/8/Ta mice, and degeneration of vascular wall in the testis of P/3/Ta mice. The pathogenesis of these changes appeared to be related to the adrenal lesions. Systemic amyloid deposition, one of the characteristic features of SAM housed in conventional facilities was not observed under the SPF condition. Acceleration of senescence in SPF SAM may arise from disorders of the thymus and adrenal.