bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The West Erregulla gas discovery. Implications for an extensive Permian play fairway across the onshore northern Perth Basin, Western Australia
Authors: Cortis A. , Farley A. , Lewis D. , Cheong S. , Chia A. , Zhang W.
Published: July 2021

The West Erregulla field is a significant new discovery in the northern Perth Basin that expands the play fairways for the basal Triassic/late Permian sandstones of the Dongara/Wagina formations and early Permian sandstones of the Kingia/High Cliff formations. The 2019 discovery well, West Erregulla-2, targeted three stacked seismic amplitude anomalies interpreted to be gas-charged conventional sandstones at depths between 4100m and 5000m. Gas charge is confirmed in all three units. Gas is hosted in linked, reactivated Permian-aged fault blocks located in the axial part of the Dandaragan Trough. They represent a down-dip analogue to the Waitsia gas field NW of West Erregulla. Only the Kingia sandstone was tested in West Erregulla-2. It contains good to excellent quality reservoir with >55m of pay averaging 12.6% porosity and gas saturations of 65%. Despite deep burial, porosity of the reservoirs was retained by a combination of syndepositional clay coatings and early burial gas charge. Testing of this zone achieved a maximum sustained flow rate of 69mmcf/day. Wireline logs and seismic mapping suggest the presence of a large gas field with gross gas column height of >200m over an area of ~40km2. Scoping volumetric estimates using a range of possible gas water contact (GWC) suggest a P50 in-place original gas in place (OGIP) of ~1182 Bcf for the Kingia formation (informal name). The West Erregulla, Waitsia and Beharra springs deep fields contain significant gas resources. Their spatial distribution suggests the existence of a deep, regional Permian fairway that could cover a large portion of the Perth Basin.
Storing CO2 in buried volcanoes
Authors: Holford Simon , Schofield Nick , Bunch Mark , Bischoff Alan , Swierczek Ernest
Published: July 2021

Australia contains rich natural gas resources, but many of Australia’s currently producing and undeveloped gas fields contain relatively high CO2 contents; if not captured and stored, the venting of co-produced CO2 could hinder efforts to meet Australia’s emission reduction targets. The most mature technology for isolating produced CO2 from the atmosphere is by containing it in deep sedimentary formations (e.g. saline aquifers or depleted oil and gas reservoirs). The effectiveness of this approach is dependent on factors such as reservoir capacity, the presence of low-permeability seals that physically impede vertical migration of injected CO2, the chemical reactivity of both reservoir and seal minerals, the risk for leakage, and a gas-entrapping structure. An alternative and attractive mechanism for permanent storage of CO2 is geochemical or mineral trapping, which involves long-term reactions of CO2 with host rocks and the formation of stable carbonate minerals that fill the porosity of the host rock reservoir. Natural mineral carbonation is most efficient in mafic and ultramafic igneous rocks, due to their high reactivity with CO2. Here we review the outcomes from a series of recent pilot projects in Iceland and the United States that have demonstrated high potential for rapid, permanent storage of CO2 in basalt reservoirs, and explore the practicalities of geochemical trapping of CO2 in deeply buried basaltic volcanoes and lava fields, which are found in many basins along the southern (e.g. Gippsland Basin) and northwestern (e.g. Browse Basin) Australian margins, often in close proximity to natural gas fields with high CO2 content.
Gas sources and concentrations in Surat Basin shallow aquifers: a field sampling method comparison, and isotopic study
Authors: Pearce J. K. , Golding S. D. , Hayes P. , Baublys K. A. , Hofmann H. , Herbert S. J. , Gargiulo G.
Published: July 2021

The Surat Basin hosts various industries that extract groundwater including coal seam gas (CSG), feedlots, and agriculture. With water drawdown, gas has been observed in some bores drawing groundwater from different aquifers across the Basin. While methane can occur naturally in aquifers, biogenic CSG has been extracted from the Walloon Coal Measures raising questions on the sources of gas in overlying aquifers. Current standard monitoring uses a direct fill approach to measure dissolved methane concentrations in vials; however, this approach may lose gas present above solubility levels. Water and gas sampling was performed on bores in the Springbok, Gubberamunda, Mooga, Hutton, and Precipice Sandstones, the Orallo Formation, and the Condamine Alluvium. Water bores and CSG production wells from the Walloon Coal Measures were also sampled. We compared direct fill with a closed sampling method for dissolved gas, plus a method for sampling the total free and dissolved gas in the field. Higher dissolved and total methane concentrations were measured using closed sampling methods, especially in gassy bores. The majority of our sampled aquifer gases and waters have stable isotopic signatures distinct from CSG, where methane had likely been formed insitu in shallow aquifers by primary microbial CO2 reduction or fermentation processes. In several gassy bores, the source of the methane could not be clearly identified. This study indicates that (1) current monitoring methods may be underestimating methane concentrations above identified thresholds especially in gassy bores and (2) a combination of isotopic techniques may distinguish methane sources and interaquifer disconnectivity in the majority of cases.
Agile framework for capital projects
Authors: Mahapatra Polly , Shahriari Paris
Published: July 2021

Under the increased pressure of rapidly changing market conditions and disrupting technologies, continuous improvements in efficiency become indispensable for all oil and gas operators. Traditional project management principles in the oil and gas industry employ rigid methods of planning and execution that can sometimes hinder adaptability and a quick response to change. Considering the potential that Agile principles can offer as a solution, the challenge, therefore, is to identify the ideal, hybrid, approach that leverages Agile while incorporating the traditional linear workflow necessitated by the oil and gas industry. This paper seeks to assess pre-existing literature in the application of the Agile principles in the oil and gas industry with a focus on Major Capital Projects (MCPs), backed by the successes experienced as a result of specific pilot projects completed at Chevron’s Australian Business Unit. In particular, this paper will focus on how agility has resulted in improvements to the cost, schedule, teaming and cohesion of MCPs in the early phases as well as key learnings form the pilot agility projects.
Using a satellite-aircraft hybrid system based on the same sensor to monitor oil and gas facilities for methane emissions
Authors: Deglint Hanford J. , Shaw Warren D. , Gauthier Jean-Francois
Published: July 2021

Monitoring methane emissions from oil and gas facilities requires the combination of several technologies to gain a full understanding of the challenge at a manageable cost. The integration of frequent and affordable high resolution satellite measurements to find the larger leaks with less frequent, but more expensive, aerial surveys, forms the basis of a tiered monitoring system showing great promise to optimise leak detection and repair activities. In this extended abstract, examples of methane emissions measurements from controlled releases and at oil and gas facilities acquired with both GHGSat’s second satellite, Iris (launched in September 2020) and the airborne variant of the same sensor are presented. While the combination of different technologies is not uncommon, this system is the first in the world utilising the same sensor at two different altitudes. The performance parameters of each system are highlighted and supported with recent examples. In addition, the advantages of the hybrid system will be discussed, including the opportunity for cross-validation of measurements. Finally, the potential of such a system to be used for regulatory reporting purposes will be discussed and contrasted to the standard of performing optical gas imaging camera campaigns three times a year used in some jurisdictions, notably in Canada and the United States.
Development of the clean hydrogen industry in Australia – a regulatory and fiscal roadmap for the fuel of the future
Authors: O'Reilly James , Pope Clare , Lomas Amy
Published: July 2021

As Australia moves toward decarbonisation across all of its sectors, the production and use of clean hydrogen have emerged as a clear alternative. It is versatile, storable, transportable and, ultimately, a fuel source that is carbon free. Funding and policy announcements across State and Federal Governments for the hydrogen industry have built momentum in recent years, with projects already underway to address new uses for hydrogen, which are looking to improve the economics of production to meet the expected future demand not only here in Australia but also internationally. So, how can Australia lead the global shift to hydrogen and what is the regulatory and fiscal infrastructure needed to drive the development of the hydrogen industry in Australia? The key issues to be considered include the following:
The need for government funding for development of the future uses of hydrogen to help build confidence and stimulate investment across the supply chain to enable commercialisation;
Establishing an attractive investment environment for projects in Australia – not only the production of hydrogen but also for the supply chain infrastructure;
Development of a certification scheme and Australia’s role in setting regional and/or international standards and
Policy settings, including the necessary regulatory and fiscal reforms, relevant to support the period of transition to green hydrogen.
Effect of thiamethoxam on photosynthetic pigments and primary photosynthetic reactions in two maize genotypes (
Authors: Todorenko Daria A. , Hao Jingrao , Slatinskaya Olga V. , Allakhverdiev Elvin S. , Khabatova Venera V. , Ivanov Aleksey D. , Radenovic Cedomir N. , Matorin Dmitry N. , Alwasel Saleh , Maksimov Georgy V. , Allakhverdiev Suleyman I.
Published: July 2021

Neonicotinoid insecticides are used against the wide range of pests to protect plants. The influence of neonicotinoids on target and non-target insects is well understood. Hence, there are controversial opinions about the effect of neonicotinoids on the plants. We investigated pigments and photosynthetic primary reactions in two maize genotypes (the inbred line zppl 225 and hybrid zp 341) under thiamethoxam (TMX) treatment by root irrigation. It was found that the effect of TMX depended on pesticide application techniques and selection of maize genotype. TMX was added to the soil by root irrigation on the 4th and 8th days after planting, and photosynthetic characteristics monitored on the 10th and 12th days after planting. The primary photochemical reactions in PSII (Fv/Fm) of both maize genotypes were not affected under two variants of TMX treatment during all growing period. The hybrid zp341 was shown to be more susceptible to both TMX treatments, demonstrating a decrease in photosynthetic characteristics (JIP-test parameters) as well as changes in the content of pigments and in the conformation of the carotenoid molecule. Our findings suggest that the combination of fluorescence method and Raman spectroscopy is a perspective tool for monitoring plant state under pesticide application.
“And Then the Rest Happened”— a Qualitative Exploration of the Role that Meaningful Activities Play in Recovery Processes for People with a Diagnosis of Substance use Disorder
Authors: Veseth Marius , Svendsen Thomas Solgaard , Nesvaag Sverre , Moltu Christian , Davidson Larry , Bjornestad Jone
Published: July 2021

Background: In this qualitative exploration, we report on a thematic analysis of the key role that engaging in meaningful activities may play in recovery processes for people with a diagnosis of substance use disorder (SUD). Methods: We conducted semi-structured, individual interviews with 30 participants and analyzed the parts of this material that were related to meaningful activities. Results: The findings are summarized through the development of three broad themes: (a) the central role of work—“The wages suck, but the job is gold”; (b) mastery and commitment—“I had to get up early, find my spot, I had to be present and fully functioning all day”; and (c) repairing the bridge to community life—“It's my job and working out that has made this possible, really, I see that now.” Conclusion: We discuss these findings in relation to a recovery perspective and relevant empirical studies, highlight some important implications for research and practice, and consider the strengths and limitations of the present study.
Postpartum and Addiction Recovery of Women in Opioid use Disorder Treatment: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Martin Caitlin E. , Almeida Tawany , Thakkar Bhushan , Kimbrough Tiffany
Published: July 2021

Background: Postpartum is a highly vulnerable time for women with opioid use disorder (OUD). Our primary objective was to identify patient and provider reported aspects of the pregnancy to postpartum transition that impact recovery progress for postpartum women receiving medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD). Methods: This qualitative study consisted of semi-structured interviews with postpartum women in OUD treatment ( n = 12) and providers ( n = 9) at an outpatient addiction clinic. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using an editing style approach to report themes and quotes. Results: Patients and providers identified different themes that both promote and challenge recovery during the postpartum transition. These comprised of clinical factors, including MOUD, neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and pain associated with labor and delivery as well as psychosocial factors, such as role of a support system, mental health aspects of anxiety and depression causing mood changes, stigma and mistrust among healthcare providers and child welfare. Conclusions: Patients receiving MOUD and their providers identified multiple aspects unique to the postpartum transition that substantially strengthen and/or oppose OUD recovery. These aspects impacting recovery include factors specific to the receipt of MOUD treatment and those not specific to MOUD, yet tied to the postpartum state. Overall, these findings provide insight into areas for future research focused on identifying opportunities to promote recovery-oriented care for families affected by OUD.
Time-Trends in Hospitalizations with Cannabis use Disorder: A 17-Year U.S. National Study
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A.
Published: July 2021

Objective: To assess whether cannabis use disorder (abuse or dependence) hospitalizations are increasing over time and examine the variables associated with the outcomes of cannabis use disorder hospitalizations. Methods: This study examined the rates of hospitalizations with cannabis use disorder and associated healthcare utilization using the U.S. National Inpatient Sample data from 1998 to 2014. Adjusted logistic regression analyses assessed the association of demographic, comorbidity and hospital characteristics with healthcare utilization (total hospital charges, length of hospital stays, discharge to a non-home setting) during the index hospitalization for cannabis use disorder. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: There were an estimated 5,601,382 hospitalizations with cannabis use disorder (primary or secondary diagnosis). The rates of hospitalization (/100,000 admissions) for cannabis use disorder increased 3.7-fold from 439/100,000 admissions in 1998–2000 to 1,631/100,000 admissions in 2013–2014. In the adjusted analysis, the following factors were associated with worse healthcare utilization outcomes for cannabis use disorder hospitalizations: older age; Deyo–Charlson index score of 2 or higher; male sex; insurance payer other than private; higher income; hospital region; an urban hospital; and a medium to large hospital bed size. Conclusions: Rising hospitalization rate with cannabis use disorder from 1998 to 2014 is concerning. Our study identified independent variables associated with a higher risk of poor utilization outcomes of cannabis use disorder hospitalizations. Healthcare policies should focus on reducing the burden of cannabis use disorder hospitalizations. High-risk groups of people with cannabis use disorder with the worst outcomes should be targeted to reduce associated utilization.
Stigmatization of Medications for Opioid use Disorder in 12-Step Support Groups and Participant Responses
Authors: Andraka-Christou Barbara , Totaram Rachel , Randall-Kosich Olivia
Published: July 2021

Background: 12-step groups are the most common approach to managing opioid use disorder (OUD) in the U.S. Medications for OUD (MOUD) are the most effective tool for preventing opioid misuse and relapse. Previous research has identified stigma of MOUD in 12-step groups. Objectives: We sought to identify how MOUD stigma is operationalized in 12-step groups and to identify responses to stigma. Methods: We recruited individuals with both MOUD experience and 12-step group experience from three syringe exchange programs in the U.S. using snowball sampling. We conducted individual telephone semi-structured interviews during 2018 and 2019. We coded data in Dedoose software and conducted thematic analysis using iterative categorization. Results: We recruited 30 individuals meeting our inclusion criteria. The following stigma operationalization methods were identified: prohibiting people using MOUD from speaking at meetings; encouraging shortened duration of MOUD treatment; refusing to sponsor people using MOUD; and refusing to let people using MOUD claim recovery time. Responses to stigma included the following: feeling shame; feeling anger; shopping around for different groups, leaving the group, or forming a new group; not revealing MOUD utilization or only telling a sponsor; speaking out on behalf of MOUD; and using cognitive approaches to avoid stigma internalization. Cognitive approaches included believing that anti-MOUD stigma is contrary to 12-step principles; disregarding statements as inaccurate based on one's experience of MOUD benefits; and accepting that all groups of humans have some ignorant people. Conclusion: Healthcare systems should help address MOUD stigma experienced by patients in 12-step groups, such as by offering non-12-step alternative groups and encouraging MOUD healthcare providers to prepare patients for potential stigma they may face. Some stigma response options, like shopping around for different groups, may not be feasible in rural areas or for participants newer to recovery.
The HSPG syndecan is a core organizer of cholinergic synapses
Authors: Zhou Xin , Vachon Camille , Cizeron Mélissa , Romatif Océane , Bülow Hannes E. , Jospin Maëlle , Bessereau Jean-Louis
Published: July 2021

The extracellular matrix has emerged as an active component of chemical synapses regulating synaptic formation, maintenance, and homeostasis. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) syndecans are known to regulate cellular and axonal migration in the brain. They are also enriched at synapses, but their synaptic functions remain more elusive. Here, we show that SDN-1, the sole orthologue of syndecan in C. elegans, is absolutely required for the synaptic clustering of homomeric α7-like acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) and regulates the synaptic content of heteromeric AChRs. SDN-1 is concentrated at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) by the neurally secreted synaptic organizer Ce-Punctin/MADD-4, which also activates the transmembrane netrin receptor DCC. Those cooperatively recruit the FARP and CASK orthologues that localize α7-like-AChRs at cholinergic NMJs through physical interactions. Therefore, SDN-1 stands at the core of the cholinergic synapse organization by bridging the extracellular synaptic determinants to the intracellular synaptic scaffold that controls the postsynaptic receptor content.
Geometric horizons in binary black hole mergers
Authors: Coley Alan , Peters Jeremy M , Schnetter Erik
Published: July 2021

We numerically study the algebraic properties of the Weyl tensor through the merger of two non-spinning black holes (BHs). We are particularly interested in the conjecture that for such a vacuum spacetime, which is zeroth-order algebraically general, a geometric horizon (GH), on which the spacetime is algebraically special and which is identified by the vanishing of a complex scalar invariant (

D

), characterizes a smooth foliation independent surface (horizon) associated with the BH. In the first simulation we investigate the level-0 sets of

Re

(

D

)

(since

Im

(

D

)

=
0

) in the head-on collision of two unequal mass BHs. In the second simulation we shall investigate the level-ɛ sets of

|
D
|

through a quasi-circular merger of two non-spinning, equal mass BHs. The numerical results, as displayed in the figures presented, provide evidence that a (unique) smooth GH can be identified throughout all stages of the binary BH merger.
Comparison of actin- and microtubule-based motility systems for application in functional nanodevices
Authors: Reuther Cordula , Catalano Rachele , Salhotra Aseem , Vemula Venukumar , Korten Till , Diez Stefan , Månsson Alf
Published: July 2021

Over the last 25 years, extensive progress has been made in developing a range of nanotechnological applications where cytoskeletal filaments and molecular motors are key elements. This includes novel, highly miniaturized lab on a chip systems for biosensing, nanoseparation etc but also new materials and parallel computation devices for solving otherwise intractable mathematical problems. For such approaches, both actin-based and microtubule-based cytoskeletal systems have been used. However, in accordance with their different cellular functions, actin filaments and microtubules have different properties and interaction kinetics with molecular motors. Therefore, the two systems obviously exhibit different advantages and encounter different challenges when exploited for applications. Specifically, the achievable filament velocities, the capability to guide filaments along nanopatterned tracks and the capability to attach and transport cargo differ between actin- and microtubule-based systems. Our aim here is to systematically elucidate these differences to facilitate design of new devices and optimize future developments. We first review the cellular functions and the fundamental physical and biochemical properties of actin filaments and microtubules. In this context we also consider their interaction with molecular motors and other regulatory proteins that are of relevance for applications. We then relate these properties to the advantages and challenges associated with the use of each of the motor-filament systems for different tasks. Finally, fundamental properties are considered in relation to some of the most interesting future development paths e.g. in biosensing and biocomputation.
Decoding the DC and optical conductivities of disordered MoS2 films: an inverse problem
Authors: Duarte F R , Mukim S , Molina-Sánchez A , Rappoport Tatiana G , Ferreira M S
Published: July 2021

To calculate the conductivity of a material having full knowledge of its composition is a reasonably simple task. To do the same in reverse, i.e. to find information about the composition of a device from its conductivity response alone, is very challenging and even more so in the presence of disorder. An inversion methodology capable of decoding the information contained in the conductivity response of disordered structures has been recently proposed but despite claims of generality and robustness, the method has only been used with 2D systems possessing relatively simple electronic structures. Here we put these claims to the test and generalise the inversion method to the case of monolayer MoS2, a material whose electronic structure is far more complex and elaborate. Starting from the spectral function that describes the DC conductivity of a disordered sample of a single layered MoS2 containing a small concentration of randomly dispersed vacancies, we are able to invert the signal and find the exact composition of defects with an impressive degree of accuracy. Remarkably, equally accurate results are obtained with the optical conductivity. This is indicative of a methodology that is indeed suitable to extract composition information from different 2D materials, regardless of their electronic structure complexity. Calculated conductivity results were used as a proxy for their experimental counterpart and were obtained with an efficient quantum transport code (KITE) based on a real-space multi-orbital tight-binding model with parameters generated by density functional theory.
Completion of JT-60SA construction and contribution to ITER
Authors: Kamada Y. , Di Pietro E. , Hanada M. , Barabaschi P. , Ide S. , Davis S. , Yoshida M. , Giruzzi G. , Sozzi C. , the JT-60SA Integrated Project Team
Published: July 2021

Construction of the JT-60SA tokamak was completed on schedule in March 2020. Manufacture and assembly of all the main tokamak components satisfied technical requirements, including dimensional accuracy and functional performances. Development of the plasma heating systems and diagnostics have also progressed, including the demonstration of the favourable electron cyclotron range of frequency (ECRF) transmission at multiple frequencies and the achievement of long sustainment of a high-energy intense negative ion beam. Development of all the tokamak operation control systems has been completed, together with an improved plasma equilibrium control scheme suitable for superconducting tokamaks including ITER. For preparation of the tokamak operation, plasma discharge scenarios have been established using this advanced equilibrium controller. Individual commissioning of the cryogenic system and the power supply system confirmed that these systems satisfy design requirements including operational schemes contributing directly to ITER, such as active control of heat load fluctuation of the cryoplant, which is essential for dynamic operation in superconducting tokamaks. The integrated commissioning (IC) is started by vacuum pumping of the vacuum vessel and cryostat, and then moved to cool-down of the tokamak and coil excitation tests. Transition to the super-conducting state was confirmed for all the TF, EF and CS coils. The TF coil current successfully reached 25.7 kA, which is the nominal operating current of the TF coil. For this nominal toroidal field of 2.25 T, ECRF was applied and an ECRF plasma was created. The IC was, however, suspended by an incident of over current of one of the superconducting equilibrium field coil and He leakage caused by insufficient voltage holding capability at a terminal joint of the coil. The unique importance of JT-60SA for H-mode and high-β steady-state plasma research has been confirmed using advanced integrated modellings. These experiences of assembly, IC and plasma operation of JT-60SA contribute to ITER risk mitigation and efficient implementation of ITER operation.
Synthesis of chaotic space-time structures by swarm of control objects
Authors: Abrosimov V K
Published: July 2021

The problems of constructing chaotic space-time structures by a swarm of control objects of small sizes have been considered. The most methods for movement simulation are developed for the conditions, when the object’s form, movement environment, and control strategies are rather well known. In this paper the chaos organization model is constructed as a model of Craig Reynolds’ swarm movement, into which special fuzzy coefficients are introduced. Varying these coefficients allows influencing the size of the swarm and significantly changing the relative position of the swarm elements. When such structures are created, the errors in predicting the further actions of the swarm increase and the assessment of the swarm behavior by an external observer becomes much more difficult. We have shown that for the case when the group forms a swarm, the size and shape of the swarm are essential for forecasting. The paper shows that the introduction of special coefficients into the well-known algorithm of Craig Reynolds’ swarm movement can provide such rearrangements.
Robotic systems implementation into law enforcement practice and peculiarities of decision-making models in such systems
Authors: Kholostov K M
Published: July 2021

The proposed directions of artificial intelligence technologies use in maintenance of order and public safety are presented. One of the major directions is the introduction of robotic systems into law enforcement practice, with the respect to certain problems related to the development of models and algorithms for the operation of automatic and semi-automatic robotic means are considered. Possible directions to create models and decision-making methods in control systems of security robots are proposed. As a basis for model development, the experience of creating and operating combat robots, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is proposed. In the proposed models and methods, the emphasis on ensuring the safety, reliability and lawful (legal) operation of the created robotic means is emphasized. to ensure safety and reliability, manufacturers and developers of security robotic equipment are to create a unified knowledge base, including rules, prohibitions, and restrictions, with the help of which it is supposed to combine the experience of using security robots and unify approaches to their development and creation.
Modeling of mechanical characteristics of composite materials applied for protection of information and control complexes of aircraft
Authors: Markov A V , Oreshina O A
Published: July 2021

In modern conditions of electronic warfare, effective protection of information and control complexes of aircraft (AC) from the destructive effects of external interference is impossible without the use of innovative solutions in the field of creating new composite materials (CM) with radio-absorbing properties. This scientific area is inextricably linked with the issues of predicting the properties of these materials. A wide variety of design solutions to protect aircraft “electronics”, as well as a wide range of electromagnetic and mechanical effects, require the creation of functional materials for specific operating conditions. Thus, the developers of functional materials must have an effective tool to predict the properties of the CM being created. Solutions can be based on mathematical models that allow predicting the properties of CM and subsequently optimizing their composition. The article discusses the identification and verification of mathematical models of the mechanical characteristics of CMs based on BASF polyurethane with the addition of both untreated and processed ferric iron oxide as a filler, with subsequent optimization of the characteristics and determination of the corresponding CM composition with radio-absorbing properties. Experimental studies have been carried out, which confirm the adequacy of the developed mathematical models.
A review of Hybrid/combined methods for trajectory optimization of flight vehicles
Authors: Nguyen P
Published: July 2021

This work aims to review the proposed trajectory optimization algorithms and their applications in solving flight trajectory planning and optimal control problems. Beside the classification of trajectory optimization algorithms listed in Chai R, Savvaris A, Tsourdos A and Chai S such as the deterministic; the stochastic; and the multi-objective algorithms, this work adds in reviewing the effective and frequently-used approach for solving optimal problems— the hybrid/combined methods. The results of related works show that this hybrid approach is effective and can provide feasible solutions for solving the flight vehicle trajectory optimal design and control problems.
Finite-state machine method in the safety assessment process using Stateflow diagrams
Authors: Savelev A S , Eroshchenkov E V , Neretin E S , Shevela D A
Published: July 2021

Safety Assessment Process is one of the most important processes of the avionics systems design. Modern and perspective aircraft uses a Model-Based Design approach, but Safety Assessment performing with a high risk of error due to human factors. Nowadays design tools, like MATLAB Simulink and ANSYS medini analyze, propose new methods of the safety assessment process—Model-Based Safety Assessment. (MBSA). The types of MBSA were analyzed and classified. This work describes the MBSA approach in general and focuses on MBSA in part of the failure modeling using the finite-state machine method. The use of this method can help both the safety team and development team to have a clear dialogue about the system’s work and failures.
Design of beam optics for a Super Tau-Charm Factory
Authors: Lan J.Q. , Luo Q. , Zhang C. , Gao W.W. , Xu Y. , Bai Y.
Published: July 2021

Beam optics design for a Super Tau-Charm Factory (STCF) that
planning in China is presented in this paper. This STCF is an
electron-positron circular collider characterized with high
luminosity, wide energy ranges as well as high longitudinally
polarized electron beam. In order to achieve high luminosity, the
recently proposed collision scheme based on large Piwinski angle and
crab waist sextupole will be adopted. In this paper, the beam
optical parameters and their design basis for the STCF storage ring
lattice are given. In addition, the preliminary dynamic aperture and
beam-beam simulation are studied to get a luminosity more than
0.5 × 1035 cm-2 s-1 at the optimized
energy 2 GeV.
Evaluation of soil carbon dynamics after forest cover change in CMIP6 land models using chronosequences
Authors: Boysen Lena R , Brovkin Victor , Wårlind David , Peano Daniele , Lansø Anne Sofie , Delire Christine , Burke Eleanor , Poeplau Christopher , Don Axel
Published: July 2021

Land surface models are used to provide global estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) changes after past and future change land use change (LUC), in particular re-/deforestation. To evaluate how well the models capture decadal-scale changes in SOC after LUC, we provide the first consistent comparison of simulated time series of LUC by six land models all of which participated in the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) with soil carbon chronosequences (SCCs). For this comparison we use SOC measurements of adjacent plots at four high-quality data sites in temperate and tropical regions. We find that initial SOC stocks differ among models due to different approaches to represent SOC. Models generally meet the direction of SOC change after reforestation of cropland but the amplitude and rate of changes vary strongly among them. The normalized root mean square errors of the multi model mean range from 0.5 to 0.8 across sites and 0.1–0.7 when excluding outliers. Further, models simulate SOC losses after deforestation for crop or grassland too slow due to the lack of crop harvest impacts in the models or an overestimation of the SOC recovery on grassland. The representation of management, especially nitrogen levels is important to capture drops in SOC after land abandonment for forest regrowth. Crop harvest and fire management are important to match SOC dynamics but more difficult to quantify as SCC rarely report on these events. Based on our findings, we identify strengths and propose potential improvements of the applied models in simulating SOC changes after LUC.
The impact of groundwater depletion on agricultural production in India
Authors: Bhattarai Nishan , Pollack Adrienne , Lobell David B , Fishman Ram , Singh Balwinder , Dar Aaditya , Jain Meha
Published: July 2021

India relies on groundwater irrigation to produce staple grain crops that provide over half of the calories consumed by its over 1.3 billion people. While groundwater has helped India achieve grain self-sufficiency, aquifers have been overexploited across much of the country and its implications for crop production are unclear. To understand how groundwater depletion affects staple grain (wheat, rice, maize, pearl millet, and sorghum) production in India, we ran district-level panel regressions using agricultural census, groundwater observation, and gridded weather datasets over a ten-year study period (2004–2013). We find that nationally, declining groundwater levels are associated with significant reductions in yield, cropped area, and production for wheat, rice, and maize in the winter season. Despite the negative impacts of groundwater depletion on crop production, we find little evidence that farmers are switching from planting more water-intensive to less water-intensive grains. Using profit-based decision modeling, we further investigated the effects of agricultural energy prices on crop choice in the monsoon season across Haryana and Punjab, which are responsible for over 60% of India’s grain production, have high electricity subsidies, and have rapidly depleting water tables. We find that eliminating energy subsidies for groundwater pumping would likely not encourage farmers to switch to planting less water-intensive crops, though sensitivity analyses suggest that it could encourage the adoption of increased water conservation efforts. In summary, our analyses reveal a discernable impact of groundwater depletion on crop production in India and suggest that reducing or removing energy subsidies may largely affect water use but not crop choice.
Assessment of groundwater well vulnerability to contamination through physics-informed machine learning
Authors: Soriano Mario A , Siegel Helen G , Johnson Nicholaus P , Gutchess Kristina M , Xiong Boya , Li Yunpo , Clark Cassandra J , Plata Desiree L , Deziel Nicole C , Saiers James E
Published: July 2021

Contamination from anthropogenic activities is a long-standing challenge to the sustainability of groundwater resources. Physically based (PB) models are often used in groundwater risk assessments, but their application to large scale problems requiring high spatial resolution remains computationally intractable. Machine learning (ML) models have emerged as an alternative to PB models in the era of big data, but the necessary number of observations may be impractical to obtain when events are rare, such as episodic groundwater contamination incidents. The current study employs metamodeling, a hybrid approach that combines the strengths of PB and ML models while addressing their respective limitations, to evaluate groundwater well vulnerability to contamination from unconventional oil and gas development (UD). We illustrate the approach in northeastern Pennsylvania, where intensive natural gas production from the Marcellus Shale overlaps with local community dependence on shallow aquifers. Metamodels were trained to classify vulnerability from predictors readily computable in a geographic information system. The trained metamodels exhibited high accuracy (average out-of-bag classification error <5%). A predictor combining information on topography, hydrology, and proximity to contaminant sources (inverse distance to nearest upgradient UD source) was found to be highly important for accurate metamodel predictions. Alongside violation reports and historical groundwater quality records, the predicted vulnerability provided critical insights for establishing the prevalence of UD contamination in 94 household wells that we sampled in 2018. While <10% of the sampled wells exhibited chemical signatures consistent with UD produced wastewaters, >60% were predicted to be in vulnerable locations, suggesting that future impacts are likely to occur with greater frequency if safeguards against contaminant releases are relaxed. Our results show that hybrid physics-informed ML offers a robust and scalable framework for assessing groundwater contamination risks.
Biological control of Sclerotium rolfsii on tomato seedlings using Bacillus spp. consortium
Authors: Yanti Y , Hamid H , Yaherwandi Reflin
Published: July 2021

The Sclerotium rolfsii which widely distributed soil-borne plant pathogen, causes many economically important crops severely reduce their yield at worldwide extend, including tomato and are very difficult to control due to its sclerotia. The beneficial plant-microbe interactions play crucial roles in protection against large number of plant pathogens causing disease. Our previous research had screened 9 Bacillus spp. strains which had ability to control R. syzigii subsp. indonesiensis and promote growth and yield of solanaceous plants. Those strains were Bacillus cereus AGBE 1.2 TL, Bacillus toyonensis AGB E 2.1 TL, Bacillus cereus SLB E 1.1 SN, Bacillus cereus SLB E 1.1 AP, Bacillus pseudomycoides SLB E 3.1 AP, Bacillus cereus SLB E 1.1 BB, Bacillus cereus SLB E 2.1 BB, Bacillus thuringiensis SLB E 2.3 BB, and Bacillus cereus SLB E 3.1 BB. Our current study objective was to develop the best consortium to control S. rolfsii and promote growth of S. rolfsii seedlings. The research designed in experimental methods and was arranged in a completely randomized design with 7 treatments and triplications. The methods done were compatibility assay of the Bacillus strains, development of consortium based from the compatibility, and consortium assay to control S. rolfsii and promote growth of tomato seedlings. The result showed, out of the 6 compatible consortiums, consortium A4 consists of Bacillus strain AGBE 1.2 TL, SLBE 3.1 AP, SLBE 2.1 BB and SLBE 3.1 BB were shown to be the best to control S. rolfsii on tomato seedlings with 85.00% of the seedlings were shown no symptoms. The consortium also had the best ability to promote growth of tomato seedlings up to 25.00% compared with control.
Probing the balance of Telechelic Polymers Bridging and Screened-Coulomb Interactions in Microemulsion System
Authors: Ahfir R , Elkhaoui S , Khatouri M , Lemaalem M , Talha L , Filali M
Published: July 2021

The structural properties of neutral oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions nanodroplets in the presence of telechelic polymers PEO modified with two hydrophobic end functions (PEO- 2m) were studied by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS). We show that the unknown attractive interaction introduced by the addition of PEO-2m, can could be balanced by a known repulsion interaction due to the addition of a cationic surfactant Cp +, which causes a progressive transformation of the bridges connecting the nanodroplets into loops. For this, we compute the structure factor S(q) with an effective pair potential, using the Ornstein Zernicke (OZ) integral equation approach with the Hypernetted Chain (HNC) closure relation. Generally, the agreement between the neutron scattering spectra and the numerical study is reasonable and allows a detailed description for each sample.
An approach to determine the diatomic vibrational energy levels: application to LiH, NO and CO molecules
Authors: Amila I , Idrissi M Janati , Fedoul A , Sayouri S
Published: July 2021

This work presents the systematic calculation of vibrational energy levels, for diatomic molecules through an alternative approach, reposed on the Floquet representation analysis. The Morse potential function has been employed to solve the Schrodinger equation, and to obtain the vibrational energy levels of diatomic systems. As an illustration, the numerical energy values of some molecules have been computed, and compared to those of literature, revealing a good agreement, and showing the accuracy of our approach.
Sol-gel synthesis and structural study of a lithium titanate phase Li 3xLa 2/3.x □1/3-2x TiO3 as solid electrolyte
Authors: Chouiekh Abdelhak , Naji Mohamed , Rjeb Abdelilah , Ababou Yahya , Sayouri Salaheddine
Published: July 2021

Perovskite lithium lanthanum titanate (LLTO) was prepared as an inorganic solid electrolyte material for lithium ion batteries applications using sol-gel method. Three different compositions of : (a) 3x=0.3 (Li 0.3La 0.57TiO3), (b) 3x=0.5 (Li 0.5La 0.5TiO3) were prepared and calcined at 1000°C for 6h, and (c) 3x=0.1 (Li 0.1La 0.63TiO3) prepared and calcined at 1100°C for 6h. The effects of lithium content and calcination temperature on the structure of the perovskite powders were studied. The synthesized powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. Results indicate that the Li 0.3La 0.57TiO3 was crystallized in tetragonal structure of space group P4/mmm. On the other hand, Rietveld refinement analysis for the LLTO samples confirmed the formation of the Li 0.3La 0.57TiO3 crystalline phase in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group, the Li 0.5La 0.5TiO3 phase in the tetragonal P4/mmm space group, and Li 0.1La 0.63TiO3 phase in orthorhombic Pmmm space group.
Structural and optical properties of CdO-ZnO thin films synthesized by sol-gel spin coating method
Authors: Nfissi A , Belhajji M , Mrharrab L , Ababou Y , Sayouri S
Published: July 2021

CdO-ZnO thin films with volume ratio of (Cd: Zn) of (1: 0), (0.75: 0.25), (0.5: 0.5) and (0: 1) were prepared using the sol-gel spin coating method. The as-coated films were annealed at 550 °C for 1 h and their structural and optical properties investigated. From structural investigations, it was observed that ZnO phase is present in the composites. The crystallite size values decreased with increasing the Zn content, and the dislocation density increased from 0.77 to 0.988 (1015 lines/m 2). The optical properties were examined by a ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, which indicated that the optical transmission increases in the visible region, and the band gap is found to be blue shift from 2.26 to 3.24 eV with the increase of ZnO content.
Influence of fillers on the properties of under-rail gaskets
Authors: Adylkhodzhaev A I , Tsoy V M , Kondrashchenko V I
Published: July 2021

Using the criterion of the reduced hydration activity of inorganic materials, the choice of magnetic separation waste as a mineral filler for the production of under-rail gaskets is justified. By the methods of experimental planning, mathematical models were obtained that adequately describe the hardness (Shore A) and the conditional tensile strength of the gasket material, using which the composition of the material was developed that exceeds the physical and technical characteristics of the production composition.
Investigation of the influence of elastic-mass characteristics of the axle test stand links on its own oscillation frequencies
Authors: Raksha S , Anofriev P , Kuropiatnyk O , Plitchenko S
Published: July 2021

The reliability of work according to the criteria of vibration stability of the stand for testing the axles of wheelsets for endurance is largely determined by the natural vibration frequencies of the stand. The work considers a stand with a lever structure for loading the tested axles. In order to determine the influence of the parameters of the cross-section of the links on the natural frequencies of the vibration stand, the frequency characteristics were obtained by the method of mathematical modeling for two variants of the design schemes of the stand. Studies have shown that increasing the cross-sectional area of the levers without measuring other linear dimensions leads to a simultaneous increase in their mass and cruelty. The rigidity of the levers is defined as for beams on two supports with a load of a transverse concentrated force. As a result, the calculated values of the natural frequencies of the stand vibrations change insignificantly. A deeper analysis of the Eigen frequency characteristics of the stand with the tools of the Matlab system made it possible to obtain linear regression equations with the coefficients of determination close to one. The obtained research results gave reason to expect a decrease in stresses in the metal structures of the stand with an increase in the cross-sectional area of the levers, however, the values of the natural frequencies of the stand vibrations vary within a few percent. The way to control the natural frequencies of the stand vibrations only by changing the profile parameters is ineffective.