bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protocols Nos. 15 and 16 to the European Convention on Human Rights – Amendments and New Trajectories
Authors: Cureluşă Luiza-Florentina
Published: January 2023

This paper aims at emphasizing, in its first part, the development of the European Convention on Human Rights, as it was mirrored during time due to the significant changes that its Protocols brought to the initial form of the European document. More specifically, this approach focuses on the reconfiguration of the Convention under the auspices of Protocol No. 15 (Council of Europe, 2013a) and Protocol No. 16 15 (Council of Europe, 2013b) and tries to map the most important changes brought by these two instruments as well as the manner in which they impacted the procedures and the entire European jurisdictional construct. This way, the first one is an amendment protocol which materializes in the rethinking of the Preamble of the Convention by specifically stating the principle of subsidiarity and the margin of appreciation. Therefore, the reason of introducing these two concepts reconfirms their importance while applying the provisions of the Convention. Additionally, this Protocol introduces a few procedural changes as well as a series of aspects related to the structure and the organization of the European Court of Human Rights. Secondly, Protocol No. 16 to the Convention tries to enhance communication between the Court and the domestic courts by introducing the advisory opinion procedure and stating upon those entities entitled to access it, also specifying a series of conditions which have to be fulfilled when seeking for an advisory opinion.
Basic Elements regarding the Structure of the Local Public Administration. Comparative Study between the Suceava County Council in Romania and the Briceni Rayon Council in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Scutariu Petronela , Pascari Cristiana
Published: January 2023

This micro-research allowed the highlighting of the organizational particularities, from a territorial and functional point of view, of the deliberative bodies of the public administration at the level of Suceava County in Romania and Briceni District in the Republic of Moldova. Suceava County Council is a public authority that operates at the county level with the aim of managing the activity of communal, municipal and city councils for the provision of county public services. The Briceni Rayon Council is the representative and deliberative authority of the rayon population, its subdivisions implementing public policies in the fields of education, social assistance, finance, culture, tourism, agriculture, economy, construction and management.
Civil Society – Indispensable Element of Contemporary Constitutional Democracy
Authors: Ungureanu Ciprian Gabriel , Nemţoi Gabriela
Published: January 2023

Coming into practical contact with any social-political and social-economic phenomenon, the issue of civil society is present in almost all areas of society’s activity, having a tangent with all spheres of social life - philosophical, social, economic, political, legal, etc.

“Civil society is one of the three pillars (economic opportunities - civil society - political freedom), on which democratic society is based and can effectively solve many problems” (Darendorf, 1996, p. 229). Of course, such a wish is also current for the new democracies.

Civil society was disputed in the past and continues to be disputed today. On the one hand, this moment demonstrates the heuristic potential of the phenomenon, and on the other hand, it is possible that the “idea of civil society” and the search for ways to achieve it have not been conceptually developed sufficiently [Grajdanscoe, p. 8].

The genesis of civil society is one of the most complicated problems. The topicality of its investigation is determined by the fact that it can become the necessary foundation for the deep study of the interaction of state power with social institutions, currently in full transformation process. On the other hand, we must specify that for our scientific approach, the issue of civil society is more important under its aspect of general framework, a determining phenomenon of the existence and activity of NGOs. Or, in other words, the impossibility of the existence of NGOs in the absence of civil society and vice versa, leads us to enter the sphere of close ties between these two phenomena, in order to elucidate their particularities and the legalities that maintain them.
The Epic of the Digital Passenger Locator Form (“PLF”) Ended Tragicly… by Decriminalization
Authors: Viorescu Razvan , Florea Dumitriţa
Published: January 2023

Starting from December 20, 2021, everyone who entered in Romania shoud filled in the digital form for entry in Romania (namely the Digital Passenger Locator Form - PLF), according  to Emergency Ordinance no. 129/2021.

According to Emergency Ordinance no.22/2022 on the abrogation of the implementation of the digital entry form in Romania, since 12 March 2022, the Passenger Locator Form (PLF) was not not required anymore before arrival in Romania.

Last but not least, having as research object, the comparative analysis of the particularities that characterize the Romanian contraventional law, we propose to fiind out some jurisprudential proposal  for which the contraventional spectrum must be held to adapt to the accuracy imposed by decriminalization principle.
Analysis of Personalized Shampoo Users' Preferences for Scalp Diagnosis Services: Focusing on Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do regions
Authors:   The Korean Society of Beauty and Art, Lee Eun-Ji
Published: January 2023

The cosmetics industry is one of high value-added industries, which meets a human desire for beauty.
It includes personalized products which represent an individual’s personality and beauty. At present, however, it is hard to find information on the concept, scope and management standards of such personalized cosmetics.
Now, there are a lot of brands in domestic cosmetics market and some difficulties in consumer approach.
As a result, industrial growth has slowed down. Under these circumstances, this study attempted to investigate cosmetics usage patterns and preferences for scalp diagnosis services against personalized shampoo users.
For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against the consumers in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do, and the results found the followings: When asked what aspect they consider in purchasing hair cosmetics, ‘efficacies & Effects (96 respondents, 49%)’, ‘color or fragrance (36 respondents, 49.3%)’ and ‘skin compatibility (39 respondents, 37.9%)’ were mostly responded. In overall, regular scalp diagnosis was higher than ‘customized service’, ‘warranty service’ and ‘delivery service’, which means that they wanted to check the results through scalp diagnosis. It is anticipated that the study results would improve consumers’ perception of personalized shampoo and a necessity of scalp diagnosis.
The role of Notch-dependent differentiation of resident fibroblasts in the development of pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Chistyakova I. V. , Bakalenko N. I. , Malashicheva A. B. , Atyukov M. A. , Petrov A. S.
Published: January 2023

Background. Molecular mechanisms of the development of pulmonary fibrosis are poorly understood. It is known that differentiation of resident lung cells into myofibroblasts plays a key role in this disease. The search for factors capable of regulating such differentiation is an urgent task. Objective. To evaluate the effect of Notch signaling pathway activation on resident lung fibroblasts by introducing the intracellular domains of each of the 4 Notch receptors (N1-4ICD). Design and methods. Primary cultures of pulmonary fibroblasts from donors (n = 4) were used. Notch-dependent activation of fibroblasts was carried out by introducing lentiviral vectors with/ without sequences of N1-4ICD domains. After 8 days, immunocytochemical staining was performed and the relative expression levels of the PDPN, HOPX, SLUG, SNAIL and ACTA2 genes were evaluated by qPCR. Results. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway by N1-4CD resulted in increased expression of SLUG, SNAIL and ACTA2. The most pronounced effect was observed with the introduction of Notch4-activating sequence. Induction of signaling by the introduction of N1-3ICD activating components contributed to an increase in PDPN expression, with the introduction of N4ICD, an increase in the level of HOPX expression was noted. Conclusion. Activation of each of the 4 intracellular Notch receptor domains is able to trigger the differentiation of resident alveolar fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, which are key players in the development of pulmonary fibrosis.
Proces podwójnej tranzycji wyzwaniem dla rozwoju młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością
Authors: Skrzypa Anna , Wolan-Nowakowska Mariola
Published: January 2023

Tranzycja dla młodych dorosłych jest pomostem między przewidywalnym i uporządkowanym światem edukacji a światem pracy, który cechuje się nieprzewidywalnością oraz zmiennymi regułami. Tranzycja stanowi wyzwanie dla młodzieży, która przechodzi z etapu dorastania w etap dorosłości. Artykuł ukazuje specyficzne trudności młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością w procesie tranzycji. Podkreślono rolę rodziców oraz szkoły w przygotowaniu młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością do budowania autonomii i dorosłego życia.
Profesor Stefan Oświecimski jako nauczyciel i opiekun studenckich obozów naukowych
Authors: Gawłowska Wanda , Witczak Krzysztof
Published: January 2023

Professor Stephanus Oświecimski Cathedrae Philologiae Classicae Universitatis Lodziensis
moderator, iuventutis philologicae tutor studia humana late promovebat, linguam Latinam
redivivam sermoni zamenhofianae praeponebat, scholasticorum castra ad Silesiae artes sacras
atque humanas investigandas ponebat.
Estimating the recurrence of earthquakes with statistical methods in the city of Bingöl, Eastern Turkey: a district-based approach
Authors: ALASHAN Sadık , AKBAYRAM Kenan , NEMUTLU Ömer Faruk
Published: January 2023

This study discusses the temporal distribution of earthquake magnitudes in the city of Bingöl, near Karlıova Triple Junction. We determine the probability distributions and return periods of earthquakes for all districts of Bingöl. Bingöl has eight districts; namely Adaklı, Central, Genç, Karlıova, Kiğı, Solhan, Yayladere, and Yedisu. In six of them, active faults were mapped previously (Adaklı, Central, Genç, Karlıova, Solhan, and Yedisu). We consider 5 time-dependent probability distributions for analysis. Using the annual maximum earthquake magnitudes, the best fit arises from the Gumbel distribution for Central, Karlıova, and Adaklı Districts. For the Genç District, where the least maximum earthquake magnitude is reported, the Weibull distribution gives the best fit. The return period and maximum annual earthquake magnitude relations suggest the following results. For the Central and Karlıova Districts along which maximum earthquake magnitudes are reported, every 250 years a 6.7 M, and 7.2 M occurs respectively. These results are compatible with the results of paleo-seismological data reported along the NAFZ and the EAFZ. For a 10-year return period, earthquake magnitudes reach 3.9 and 5.1 in all districts. It is important to note that in the Yedisu District, the maximum earthquake magnitudes seem as 5.1 M for the 1000-year return period, incompatible with previously published findings probably because low quality seismic data in this region.
Ensuring Information Security for Clocked Network Synchronization System on the Basis of the System Entropy Analysis
Authors: Kanaev Andrey , Oparin Evgeniy , Oparina Ekaterina
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To consider the issue of ensuring informational security for clocked network synchronization system during its operation as a part of telecommunication system. To achieve this goal, the article considers by stages the solution of the following tasks: system analysis of function process of clocked network synchronization system under the influence of organized intruders is carried out, main threats to information security for clocked network synchronization system are given. As a complex characteristic of function process of network clocked synchronization (NCS) system, the use of its differential entropy is proposed, the relationship of differential entropy values with parameter values for informational security and NCS system controllability is revealed which basis on, the approaches to ensure NCS system information security are proposed. Methods: Research methods used in the work are based on fundamental principles of system theory, probability theory, network theory, entropy modeling, system and mathematical analysis and mathematical modeling. Results: Entropy model for dynamics of function process of clocked network synchronization system has been formed, phased structure for actions to ensure information security of clocked network synchronization system on the strength of security and controllability requirements has been proposed. Practical significance of the work lies in the possibility for telecommunication system operators to form reasonably a quantitative and qualitative character of protection means as well as to adjust optimally the parameters of NCS system functioning and the system constituent elements.
Modeling the Restoration of Railway Facilities Destroyed As a Result of Emergences of a Regional Scale
Authors: Dergachev Aleksey , Kuranova Ol'ga , Stepanskaya Ol'ga , Chernyh Andrey
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To obtain analytical dependencies for the optimal allocation of resources of various type recovery trains with the purpose to restore in the shortest possible timeframes of railway facilities destroyed as a result of regional emergences. Methods: A heuristic method of optimal resource allocation of various type recovery trains through railway facilities, destroyed as a result of a regional emergences, is applied. Proof of the optimality of the proposed heuristic method is given. Results: Within the proposed method frames, new analytical dependencies are derived for the distribution of resources of recovery trains of various types through railway facilities destroyed as a result of regional emergences. Mathematical formulation, based on the formulation of non-linear model of operations research theory, as well as solution algorithm of the task for the distribution of resources of recovery trains of various types through railway facilities destroyed as a result of emergences of a regional scale are given. Practical significance: On the basis of the considered dependencies, it is possible to increase the efficiency of calculation operativeness allowing to embody reasonable allocation of recovery trains of various types for the restoration of railway facilities destroyed as a result of regional emergences. The results of the study can be applied to the creation of informational-predicted systems that promptly implement the proposed analytical dependencies for more efficient restoration of railway facilities destroyed as a result of emergences of a regional importance.
Model for Calculation of Optimal Filling of Container Trains in Twenty-Foot Equivalent
Authors: Sheverdova Mariya , Pokrovskaya Oksana , Marchenko Maksim , yerbakov Vladimir
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To develop a mathematical model for calculating twenty-foot equivalent in container trains on the platform given model, to formulate a calculation method in twenty-foot equivalent (TFE) in container trains, to designate a target function in finding optimal filling capacity of fitting platform. Methods: Mathematical calculations were applied using Pascal software environment in terms of automating calculation of fitting platform capacity. Research results: During the calculations, mathematical model design was carried out as well as the study of parameters such as a container mass, size and model was done. Using the analysis of container train load, a target function for the search of fitting platform optimal filling capacity was identified. Practical significance: Review of calculation process for twenty-foot equivalent was carried out by station employees. It is established that as a new element in paperwork chain there should be considered automatic calculation of TFE in container trains, namely, TFE automatic reporting based on the obtained values for TFE in terms of filling in a general form act and a cumulative statement. The description of TFE calculation stages for a one container of 22G1 size on platform given type is demonstrated. Based on the study results, software product in Pascal environment for the calculation of a one container capacity into TFE is proposed.
Mathematical Model for Task Distribution Among Lifting Transport Machines
Authors: Malyshev Nikolay , Boykov Sergey
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To determine task rational distribution between technics specialized in intra-terminal movements is to perform mathematical modeling of lifting transport machine operation in container terminal transport transshipment system given technological parameters and further multi-criteria optimization. Methods: Methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics as well as of expert estimates are used to discover the distribution. Results: Mathematical model of task distribution among lifting transport machines (LTM) has been developed. Total time dependences for completing LTM tasks using the current technology and task execution strategy at calculation of Pareto optimality towards six criteria, aimed at crane performance increase and empty LTM mileage minimization, are determined. Practical significance: Tasks rational distribution amongst techniques for container movement is proposed, which allows to increase processing capacity of a container terminal and to reduce technique operating costs.
Reducing Air Flow Effect on High-Speed Train Current Collector with the Help of Aerodynamic Cowl
Authors: Karimov Dastonback
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Investigation of aerodynamic effect on high-speed train pantograph using CFD-analysis method in FlowSimulation environment of SolidWorks software given uneven distribution of air high-speed mass flows in atop-car part of a rolling stock. Methods: Theoretical research was based on the application of the theory of constructive relations and continuum methods. Mathematical modeling was performed on a PC applying software products which use the means of computational fluid dynamics. Results: Refined digital model of a current collector has been developed which takes into account interaction nature in “current collector — contact wire” system under aerodynamic drag conditions. Practical significance: Device for the deflection of air masses when flowing around a current collector (a spoiler) is proposed that makes it possible to get rid of negative effects of: aerodynamic drag, filling-in construction pockets with snow masses and lever system icing consequences.
Algorithm Development for Maximum Reduced Slope Calculation at Car Securing on Station Railways by Braking Chairs
Authors: Kostenko Vladimir , Smirnov Sergey , Yazev Denis , Aleksandrov Igor'
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The development of machine-friendly calculation algorithm of maximum average (reduced) slope for to define minimal norms for securing cars, groups of cars or train stocks that’re left on station railways without locomotives. Methods: The set task solving was held by making up the succession of mathematical and logical actions. Mathematical expressions describe flattening of track longitudinal profile, i.e. the calculation of reduced slope. Logical actions describe limitations at pursuing the calculations. Results: Calculation algorithm of reduced slope has been made up which takes into account the provisions of Instructions on Train Motion and Shunting Work on Railway Transport of the Russian Federation. Practical significance: The developed algorithm allows to pursue the calculation of reduced slope at the least favorable conditions of the placement of cars, group of cars and stocks of trains in the frames of effective length of station tracks that corresponds to provision conditions for rolling stock securing from leaving. The pursued research allows to develop program for defining minimal norms for securing cars, groups of cars and stocks of trains that’re left on station railways without locomotives, in full accordance with Instructions on Train Motion and Shunting Work on Railway Transport of the Russian Federation.
Public Administration in the Field of Favorable Informational Environment Provision in Public Transport
Authors: Polyanina Alla
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To consider the problem of favorable information environment provision in public transport, to pursue the analysis of the results of opinion poll. organized by various subjects of social monitoring. To analyze the proposed initiatives in the field of solving the issues of rules regulation on passenger behavior on the use of audio and video broadcasting devices in public transport, including the issues related to the use of ndividualization means of media signal consumption - headphones. Methods: Content analysis of the texts, placed in publicly available sources, of proposed initiatives to solve the problem on the regulation of public relations in this sphere, as well as of the arguments of supporters and opponents of such initiatives. The secondary analysis of public opinion poll results. Results: For the first time, there is formulated the ecological level of the problem of media noise pollution of informational environment of public transport, and integrated approach to settle it via means, methods and hygienic regulation principles application is proposed, as well as there’s formulated the usage of all of the potential of informal social monitoring, including the advocacy of media consumption healthy way, of social advertisements, aimed at the formation of inner belief and behavior ethical principles in public transport. Practical significance: Provision principles for favorable informational environment as the most important task of public administration in the sphere of handling public relations in public transport have been developed. The insufficiency of regulation of audio and video signal broadcasting practices in public spaces, preconditioning their negative impact on human health and well-being, is shown. The ways to settle this problem are proposed with the help of standardization and rationing of the functioning of physical quantities, which are the subject for measurement, namely, of informational signal effects and parameters.
Substantiation for Maintenance and Repair System for Promising Structure of High-Speed Railway Tracks
Authors: Bel'tyukov Vladimir , Andreev Andrey
Published: January 2023

Objective: To create proposals on the system of maintenance for track facilities on the sections with ballastless constructions because the experience in maintaining of such structures is absent. Methods: During the study, the analysis of being predicted life cycle cost of track structure was made. This analysis is based on the study of indicators such as defectiveness of track superstructure elements (rails, fasteners, sleepers), the analysis of being estimated costs on repairing the track using expert evaluation methods. The expert assessment provides for the application of special correction factor. This factor for each maintenance job shows the ratio of job volumes on ballastless track to job volumes on ballast railway track. Results: On the basis of cost calculations and technologies for maintenance, an analysis was pursued of overhaul schemes for sections with ballast railway and for ones with ballastless construction and conclusions were made on required overhaul scheme for a ballastless track structure. Practical importance: The study results are intended to develop a system for planning technical maintenance and repairs of a ballastless superstructure track.
Evaluation of Economic Efficiency upon Technologies Modernization Project at Railway Section Electrification
Authors: Chechenova Liana
Published: January 2023

Purpose: To evaluate the economic efficiency of contact network modernization project for the railway section of the St. Petersburg - Baltiyskaya power supply distance of the Oktyabrskaya Railway (OR). The study subject is the operation protocol for contact network modernization. Methods: Analysis basic methods are applied — target indicator statistical analysis of electrified section specific weight in the total operational length of public railway tracks; target indicator statistical analysis of railway line electrification. Results: The modernization of electrification technologies on the railway section of “St. Petersburg-Baltiyskiy” OR railway distance is justified. Implementation main stages for contact network modernization project are systematized. Economic effect being obtained from electrification technologies modernization is determined. Practical importance: The obtained results represent an applied character since they propose and justify measure series aimed at servicing effectiveness raise for the railway section servicing of the St. Petersburg-Baltiyskiy OR railway power supply distance.
Provision of Cyber Security for Microprocessor and Relay Processor Interlocking Systems on Russia Railway JSC. Prospects and Practical Application of the Remedies
Authors: Moiseev Vladimir
Published: January 2023

The article expounds major aspects of cyber protection provision for railway automation and remote control system series, the developments made by staff of Computer railway technology center of Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University. Major topical provisions in the sphere of development and designing of microprocessor interlocking distributed systems, including regulatory provision, are considered. Promising domestic informational safety remedies are presented and analysis of requirements on cyber safety for microprocessor and relay processor interlocking systems is made as well as practical realization of measure series on cyber safety level rise for railway automation and remote control systems is presented. A number of technical solutions in the field of cyber security in the implementation of distributed control systems in railway transport are considered using the example of microprocessor interlocking system MPC-MPK.
Ways to Rise Carrying Capacity of Railway Sections
Authors: Bushuev Sergey
Published: January 2023

The article considers three courses of carrying (traffic) capacity rise: the increase of train length and traffic speed and the decrease of the interval between trains. Reached indicators in these courses and potential in their growth are defined on statistical data basis. The dependence of carrying (traffic) capacity of railway section from being researched parameters is established. The way of group auto-guidance of trains as the development of being applied technology of virtual replacer is proposed. The possibilities and conditions of the reduction of interval between trains, depending on being applied system of interval regulation and expansion of its possibilities on account of group auto-guidance, are presented. The dependencies demonstrating carrying capacity rise at the expense of interval regulation and train length increase are built. Growth potential is determined on account of group auto-guidance application.
The Effect of Manalagi Apple Juice (Malus Sylvestris Mill) on Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Black Tea
Authors: Salfa Fauziyah Riska , Agus Purwanto Djoko , Darmawati Asri Darmawati
Published: January 2023

Black tea (Camellia sinensis O.K var assamica) is one of the most widely consumed beverages by the public. Manalagi Apple (Malus sylvestris Mill) juice and black tea contain antioxidant compounds that can counteract free radicals. The purpose of this study was to prove that the addition of Manalagi apple juice would increase the antioxidant activity and stability of black tea. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method was used in this study to determine their antioxidant activities. Black tea antioxidant activity was measured at 0, 6 and 24 hours after the addition of Manalagi apple juice. Antioxidant stability of black tea compared to black tea added with Manalagi apple juice. The results obtained showed that the antioxidant activity of a mixture of black tea and Manalagi apple juice was higher than the antioxidant activity of black tea alone. It was shown that the IC50 of a mixture of black tea and Manalagi apple juice was lower than black tea. The addition of Manalagi apple juice can also increase the stability of the antioxidants in the black tea solution and the slope of the linear equation % inhibition of the mixture is lower by about one third than black tea. Because of this reason, adding Manalagi apple juice will slow down the degradation rate of the antioxidant activity of black tea.
Effect of para (p) position methoxy group on thesynthesis of Benzohydrazide derivatives from Methylbenzoate starting material
Authors: Suzana Suzana , Ardhayanti Erlina , Amalia Novianti Kholis , Ekowati Juni , Budiati Tutuk
Published: January 2023

The synthesis of N'-benzylidenebenzohydrazide and N'-(4-methoxybenzylidene)benzo hydrazide had performed through condensation reaction. The reaction was performed in two stageswith methylbenzoate as the initial material. The firstphase was obtained benzohydrazide by reacting methylbenzoate and hydrazine hydrate, the second phase was obtainedthe compound of N'-benzylidenebenzohydrazide and N '-(4-methoxyibenzylidene)benzohydrazide by reacting benzohydrazide and benzaldehyde/4-methoxybenzaldehyde. The results were obtained respectively 87% and 92%. Puritytest was done by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and melting point. The melting point of benzohydrazide was 108-111oC. N'-benzylidene benzohydrazide m.p. 104-108oC and N'-(4-methoxybenzylidene)benzohydrazide m.p. 159-161oC.Identifications synthesized were confirmed by UV-VIS, FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
Solubility and Dissolution Study of Salicylamide
Authors: Isadiartuti Dewi , Widjaja Bambang , Wijaya Hendra , Ardhani Dwi Lestari Maria Lucia
Published: January 2023

Salisilamida termasuk golongan obat AINS (anti inflamasi non steroid)memiliki efek analgesik dan antipiretik mirip dengan asam asetil salisilat, namun di dalam tubuh tidak diubah menjadi salisilat. Dalam penggunaan secara oral,salisilamida tidak menimbulkan radang dan pendarahan pada lambung. Salisilamida merupakan senyawaasam lemah (pKa 8,2) yang kelarutannya dipengaruhi oleh pH lingkungan. Pada pemberian secara oral, salisilamida akan melewati saluran cerna pada rentang pH sekitar 1,5–8,0. Menurut persamaan Noyes-Whitney, disolusi obat akan dipengaruhi oleh kelarutannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara kelarutan dan disolusi salisilamida dalam beberapa pH media disolusi. Uji kelarutan dilakukan dalam media disolusi pH 1,2; 4,5; dan 6,5 dengan kekuatan ionik (µ) sebesar 0,2 dalam waterbath suhu 37 ± 0.5 °C sampai terbentuk kelarutan jenuhnya. Uji disolusi dilakukan dalam larutan media disolusi dengan pH yang sama dengan uji kelarutan, menggunakan pengaduk tipe dayung dengan kecepatan 50 rpm pada suhu 37 ± 0.5 °C selama 60 menit. Kadar salisilamida terlarut pada uji kelarutan dan uji disolusi ditentukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer pada λmax masing-masing pH media. Kelarutan salisilamida dan nilai efisiensi disolusi dalam 60 menit (ED60) dianalisis dengan ANOVA satu arah padaα 0.05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelarutan salisilamida meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya pH. Peningkatan kelarutan salisilamida meningkatkan disolusinya
Gender Inequalities in Digital India: A survey on digital literacy, access, and use
Authors: Islam Asiya , Manchanda Preeti
Published: January 2023

This paper reports the main findings from a survey on gender inequalities in digital literacy, use, and access among youth (18-25 years) in three parts of India – Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar. In addition to gender, the survey was attentive to other inequalities too in its enquiry about the location (urban/rural), caste, household income, and education level of the respondents. This paper largely presents inequalities of gender as they intersect with urban/rural location since other variables, while important, yielded smaller numbers that need further careful analysis. The survey was informed by various contemporary developments – global growth in the use of digital technology for education, employment, and everyday lives; Covid-19 pandemic that has accelerated this growth; and the Digital India programme that aims to empower citizens through digital skilling. The survey, then, set out to explore the nature and implications of social inequalities in a society moving towards digital empowerment. The survey findings reveal overwhelming dependence among young people on smartphones for internet access and that entertainment and social media are the top uses of the internet. The survey also finds that women, particularly in rural areas, are less likely than men to exclusively own smartphones. That is, the smartphones that women have access to tend to be ‘household phones’, shared with other members of the family. This has consequences for the time and purposes that women are able to use smartphones and internet for. Based on these findings, the paper proposes avenues for further research on intersectional inequalities in digital literacy, access, and use. It also suggests policy interventions to maximise the potential of digital technology for education and employment, with specific attention to gender inequalities.
Reflection Mirrors, Optical Gyroscopes, Filters, and Wavelength Interleavers Based on Sagnac Interference in Integrated Photonics
Authors: Moss David
Published: January 2023

As a fundamental optical approach to interferometry, Sagnac interference has been widely used for reflection manipulation, precision measurements, and spectral engineering in optical systems. Compared to other interferometry configurations, it offers attractive advantages by yielding a reduced system complexity without the need for phase control between different pathways, thus offering a high degree of stability against external disturbance and a low wavelength dependence. The advance of integration fabrication techniques has enabled chip-scale Sagnac interferometers with greatly reduced footprint and improved scalability compared to more conventional approaches implemented by spatial light or optical fiber devices. This facilitates a variety of integrated photonic devices with bidirectional light propagation, showing new features and capabilities compared to unidirectional-light-propagation devices such as Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) and ring resonators (RRs). Here, we present our latest results for functional integrated photonic devices based on Sagnac interference. We outline the theory of integrated Sagnac interference devices with comparisons to other integrated photonic building blocks such as MZIs, RRs, photonic crystal cavities, and Bragg gratings. We present our latest results for Sagnac interference devices realized in integrated photonic chips, including reflection mirrors, optical gyroscopes, basic filters, wavelength (de)interleavers, and optical analogues of quantum physics.
Residual Effect of Rice Husk Biochar on Growth and Yield of Aerobic Rice
Authors: Suswana Suli , Maulana Dick Dick
Published: January 2023

Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material made by pyrolyzing agricultural residual biomass, and it decomposes much more slowly than the biomass from which it is made. Biochar has been shown to have agronomic benefits. Biochar can provide agronomic benefits for a longer period due to its persistence in the soil. The purpose of this research is to gather evidence demonstrating that biochar has a longer effect on increasing aerobic rice productivity. A pot experiment was carried out in UNINUS. The treatments were as follows: control, 20 Mg rice husk biochar (RHB), 40 Mg RHB, 50 Mg RHB, 60 Mg RHB, 10 Mg RHB + 10 Mg composted poultry litter (CPL).ha-1, 20 Mg RHB + 20 Mg CPL.ha-1, 30 Mg RHB + 30 Mg CPL.ha-1, and 30 Mg RHB + 30 Mg CPL.ha-1. Treatments were started in September 2018, and the effects were measured from February to June 2019. The findings revealed that rice husk biochar and its combination with CPL increased aerobic rice growth (plant height, number of tillers, and yield). The most effective combination rate is the application of biochar and composted poultry litter, 20 Mg RHB + 20 Mg CPL.ha-1, because it significantly extended the residual effect. The combined application increased rice productivity when compared to a single application of biochar and composted poultry. The residual effect of biochar and composted poultry litter on rice productivity was superior to fresh application.
Grape Pseudocercospora Leaf Specked Area Estimation Using Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Alajas Oliver John Y. , Concepcion II Ronnie S. , Palconit Maria Gemel B. , Bandala Argel A. , Sybingco Edwin , Vicerra Ryan Rhay P. , Dadios Elmer P. , Mendigoria Christan Hail R. , Aquino Heinrick L. , Izzo Luigi Gennaro
Published: January 2023

Grapes are prone to Pseudocercospora vitis fungus which causes Isariopsis leaf speck disease to the crop’s leaves, flower, and most importantly the fruit. Typical manual inspection of vineyard farmers is normally ineffective, destructive, and laborious. To address this, the use of integrated computer vision, machine learning, and computational intelligence techniques were realized to sort out healthy grape leaf image from a fungus-specked leaf image and to estimate the specked area percentage (SAP). A dataset made up of 343 normally healthy and 200 fungus-specked grape leaf images were initially pre-processed and segmented via graph cut prior to feature extraction and selection. Significant features were identified using classification tree (CTree). A multigene genetic programming tool called GPTIPSv2 was utilized to generate the fitness function needed for the optimization process done via genetic algorithm (GA). An optimal hidden neuron counts of 110, 50, and 10 were selected for a three-layered GA-optimized recurrent neural network (GA-RNN). Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) topped other disease recognition models with an accuracy of 99.99%. The developed GA-RNN model outperformed Gaussian process regression (GPR), regression tree (RTree), regression support vector machine (RSVM), and linear regression (RLinear) in performing leaf specked area estimation with an R2 value of 0.822. The developed CTree-LDA2-GA-RNN2 hybrid model has been proven to be the most viable model for this task.
A Neural Network and Generalized Predictive Control Framework for Urban Traffic System Optimal Perimeter Control
Authors: Zhang Ying , Shi Yuntao , Yin Xiang , Zhou Meng , Liu Weichuan , Liu Daqian
Published: January 2023

Optimal perimeter control is one of the effective control technologies to alleviate urban congestion, which is based on macroscopic fundamental diagrams (MFDs). However, most previous optimal perimeter control methods used a linearization model at the desired point to approximate a nonlinear MFDs system, which is vulnerable to causing a potential mismatch between the linearization model and the environmental dynamics. However, this mismatch often leads to performances degradation. To solve this problem, this paper uses a neural network trained from data to approximate the complex nonlinear urban traffic system globally. To facilitate the design and control, this framework linearizes the nonlinear neural network of the traffic system to an instantaneous linearization model. The optimal perimeter control problem is finally solved by generalized predictive control (GPC) with the instantaneous linearization model. A key advantage of the proposed framework is that the global instantaneous linearization model is more accurate than the linearization model around the desired point. Simulation results show that the proposed framework significantly alleviates congestion and reduces the total travel time spent (TTS) in the traffic system compared with no control, “greedy” feedback control and PID control.
Phosphoglyceride Crystal Deposition Disease of the Scapula
Authors: Hori Yuki , Nagano Akihito , Miyazaki Tatsuhiko , Kato Hiroki , Tsugita Masanori , Nishimoto Yutaka , Akiyama Haruhiko
Published: January 2023

Case:

A 76-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of right shoulder pain with no apparent cause. Radiography revealed an ill-defined osteolytic lesion in the right scapular spine with a pathological fracture. Malignant bone tumor was suspected, and a biopsy was performed. Pathological examination with gold hydroxamic acid staining revealed phosphoglyceride crystal deposition. Lesion curettage was performed, and her symptoms improved. No recurrence was observed at the 3-year postoperative follow-up.

Conclusion:

Phosphoglyceride crystal deposition in the bone is an extremely rare disease. The gold hydroxamic acid staining method might be useful for the diagnosis of this condition.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika dengan Metode Daring pada Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Authors: Irmayanti Irmayanti
Published: January 2023

The corona pandemic since the end of 2019 has caused learning activities to be carried out distantly or PJJ (Distance Learning). Teaching Mathematics through PJJ with the online method has generated various obstacles, including student discipline that is difficult to control and difficulties in independent learning due to material that requires high abstraction skill. This has made the learning outcomes of most students do not reach the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM).  The purpose of this research is to improve the students’ mathematics learning outcomes on Number Patterns material during PJJ. In order to achieve learning objectives, improvements are made to the learning process with the MERDEKA technique, which is an acronym for Motivation, Education, Repetition, Discussion, Evaluation, Competition and Action.  Furthermore, this study is aimed at finding out the student's response to online learning by the researcher. This Classroom Action Research consists of 2 cycles with 181 Grade VIII students of MTs Negeri Samarinda as research subjects in Academic Year 2020/2021. From this study, it can be concluded that the MERDEKA interaction technique in teaching and learning mathematics conducted online could improve student learning outcomes on Number Patterns material. The students’ response to the teacher’s learning is also favorable. It is proven that the presence of students is more than 85% on average, more than 85% of students admit that the teacher's teaching methods are fun and more than 75% convey that they understand the teacher's explanations in the teaching and learning process.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Video Animasi Materi Sifat-Sifat Cahaya Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ramadhani Sulistyani Puteri , Rahayu Tanti Maudy
Published: January 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah untuk membuat media pembelajaran video animasi yang secara teori valid dan efektif untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Subjek yang diujikan adalah siswa kelas IV SD. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan dari Borg & Gall, yang disesuaikan berdasarkan 6 tahapan sebagai berikut: 1) potensi masalah, 2) pengumpulan data, 3) desain produk, 4) perbaikan desain, 5) revisi desain, dan 6) uji coba produk. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket dan analisis data yang digunakan adalah skala Likert dan menggunakan skala Gutman. Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini melalui uji kelayakan oleh enam validator, diperoleh persentase skor 85% untuk validator media pertama, 88% untuk ahli media kedua, menunjukkan 100% ahli materi pertama dan ahli materi kedua 93% dan 95% untuk validasi bahasa pertama dan ahli bahasa kedua 93%. Skor hasil penilaian dari 87% uji coba terbatas dari 72% uji coba skala kecil, diuji kembali dengan hasil posttest skala besar pencapaian 89% dan respon siswa sangat efektif, persentase ketercapaian 90% untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran pada materi sifat-sifat cahaya pelajaran IPA di kelas IV SDN Malaka Sari 03 Jakarta.
Discourse “Pax Yalta” (on the Question of the Space-Time Model of Power by M. Foucault)
Authors:   Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Shevchenko Oleg K.
Published: January 2023

Subject of the article: spatial-temporal characteristics of power in the philoso­phical theory of M. Foucault. The main methodological strategy of the study: the analysis of the Yalta world in the framework of the Fukian space-time theory of power. However, the theoretical developments of M. Foucault are used to study the features of the Yalta world not as a final solution to the problem. The realities of the Yalta world serve as a platform for conducting an experiment aimed at finding out the epistemological possibilities of the classical Fukian the­ory of power. For a better understanding of the space-time structures of power that M. Foucault uses (but rarely reveals and describes in detail), the concepts of “chronotopicity of power” and “topochronicity of power” are introduced. The conclusion is made about total processality as the ontic basis of power in M. Foucault. This gives Pax Yalta the status of a third between the episteme of power and the dispositive of power. In a series of changes of the Fukian chronotopes of power (“Shepherd”, “Policeman”) Pax Yalta has a special charac­ter. From the point of view of the topos, the Yalta world is a fact of the devel­oped chronotope “Policeman” characteristic of the New Time. But from the point of view of temporality, the Yalta Myrrh is a fact that makes it related to the Middle Ages (the chronotope “Shepherd”). The gap between the topos and the chronos of power explains many of the paradoxes of the modern world and international relations in particular. And the ontic processality of the power says that the revealed imbalance is characteristic of the period of formation of a new system of power, possibly in the format of a higher synthesis, which will be car­ried out outside of public international law. Its basis is a sense (perception) of the correctness of a certain model of time and space of power, which will end (and not begin) with international legal procedures.
Printed Buddhist Canon in the Context of Japanese-Korean Official Relations during Muromachi Period
Authors:   HSE University, Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies, Sakharova Evgeniya B.
Published: January 2023

The article is based on the first Japanese collection of diplomatic documents, Zenrin Kokuhōki (1470), related to official diplomatic correspondence between Japan and Korea for the period from 1392 to 1428, that is to say during the reigns of the 3rd and 4th Ashikaga shoguns. For Koreans the main themes were suppress of piracy (anti-piracy program) and repatriation of Koreans who had been captured by Japanese pirates. Japanese embassies were concerned with Ko­rean version of the Buddhist canon and repeatedly asked for the Koryŏ Tripi­taka and sometimes even for a set of printed blocks for the Korean versions of the Buddhist canon. Almost all documents refer to Japanese requests for Ko­rean printed copies of the Buddhist canon. Buddhist canon continued to be one of the top themes in Japan-Korea relations in the 14th and 15th centuries. It was not until the early 16th century that the number of such requests dropped dramat­ically. A total of eight documents for Japanese-Korean correspondence were in­cluded in Zenrin Kokuhōki for the specified period, while there were thirteen documents for Japanese-Chinese correspondence. The article quotes fragments of diplomatic documents that have not been translated into Russian, most of them have not yet been translated into European languages.