bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Хірургічні аспекти лікування раку дистального відділу шлунка, ускладненого перфорацією, стенозом та гострою кровотечею
Authors: Пруднікова О. Б. , Іванчов П. В.
Published: November 2022

Мета роботи: покращення результатів хірургічного лікування раку дистального відділу шлунка, ускладненого перфорацією, стенозом та гострою кровотечею.

Матеріали і методи. У клініці за період від 2006 до 2020 р. проходили лікування 766 хворих із злоякісними пухлинами шлунка, які ускладнилися гострими кровотечами, стенозами чи перфорацією пухлин, що склало 2,5 % від усіх хворих, лікованих із приводу шлунково-кишкових кровотеч за час роботи центру. Рак дистального відділу шлунка мав місце у 247 (32,2 %) пацієнтів, серед яких перебіг захворювання ускладнився розвитком гострої кровотечі у 193 (78,1 %); кровотечі та стенозу – у 103 (41,7 %); перфорації – у 54 (21,9 %); перфорації та стенозу – у 35 (14,2 %); кровотечі, перфорації та стенозу – у 28 (11,3 %). Вік 173 (70,0 %) чоловіків та 74 (30,0 %) жінок був від 19 до 90 років, а найбільше хворих було у вікових групах 61–70 років – 76 (30,7 %), та 71 – 80 років – 62 (25,1 %) пацієнтів. Співвідношення чоловіків до жінок склало 2,4:1.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Загалом із 247 хворих оперовано 115 (46,6 %): на тлі кровотечі – 61 (53,0 %); кровотечі та стенозу 52 (45,2 %); перфорації – 54 (46,9 %); перфорації та стенозу – 35 (30,4 %); кровотечі, стенозу та перфорації – 28 (24,3 %). У групі хворих із вперше виявленим раком оперативна активність склала 49,2 % (63 із 128). Радикальні операції виконані у 81 (70,4 %) пацієнта, паліативні та симптоматичні операції проведено у 34 (29,6 %) пацієнтів. Лімфодисекція в об’ємі D1 виконана при проведенні 7 (8,6 %) радикальних СДРШ, в об’ємі D2 – 74 (91,4 %). Загальна післяопераційна летальність склала 6,9 % (8 хворих). Після радикальних операційних втручань померло 4 (3,5 %) пацієнтів, а після паліативних і симптоматичних операцій – 5 (14,7 %). П’ятирічне виживання після радикальних операцій склало 44,5 %, а 10-річне – 8,9 %, при цьому медіана життя склала 29 місяців.
Клініко-морфологічні критерії вибору термінів лапароскопічного лікування хворих на гострий перитоніт
Authors: Дзюбановський І. Я. , Ковальчук А. А.
Published: November 2022

Мета роботи: вивчити можливості та терміни лікування пацієнтів із гострою хірургічною патологією, ускладненою перитонітом із пріоритетним застосуванням міні-інвазивних методів хірургічного лікування.

Матеріали і методи. В дослідження включено 98 хворих із гострою хірургічною патологією, що призвела до розвитку гострого перитоніту. Пацієнти були поділені на дві групи: дослідна група та група порівняння. Вік пацієнтів становив від 18 до 85 років, середній вік пацієнтів становив 48,8 року. Всім пацієнтам проводили загальноклінічні та інструментальні методи обстеження як у доопераційному, так і у післяопераційному періоді.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Використання відеоасистуючих методів операційного лікування сприяє більш достовірному та швидшому пошуку джерела перитоніту, кращій інтраопераційній оцінці морфологічних змін та їх корекції. Розширення показань до міні-інвазивних методів лікування при перитоніті можливе за умови подальшого доопрацювання та удосконалення техніки операцій.За результатами оцінки дослідження було встановлено, що терміни лікування гострої хірургічної патології, ускладненої перитонітом лапароскопічним методом дозволяють скоротити  післяопераційний період в середньому на 37 + 2,1 %.
Хірургічне лікування великої ліпоми сигмоподібної кишки із розвитком товстокишкової інвагінації
Authors: Шепетько Є. М. , Біляченко М. В. , Єфремов В. В. , Головащук І. М.
Published: November 2022

У статті описано казуїстичний випадок великої ліпоми сигмоподібної кишки, що призвела до розвитку товстокишкової інвагінації, з успішним хірургічним лікуванням.
Артеріальний тиск та рівень оптимізму – чи є зв'язок у медсестер, які працюють позмінно
Authors: Ціпкало А. І. , Марущак М. І.
Published: November 2022

Резюме. Позмінна робота є професійним стресором. Дослідники зауважили, що позмінна робота пов’язана з дефіцитом сну, втратою його якості, високим ризиком серцево-судинних захворювань.
Мета дослідження – проаналізувати рівень артеріального тиску в медичних сестер терапевтичного і хірургічного відділень, які працюють позмінно, та встановити його зв’язок із рівнем диспозиційного оптимізму.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні взяли участь 40 медичних сестер, які працювали позмінно: 20 – терапевтичного відділення і 20 – хірургічного. Вимірювання систолічного (САТ) й діастолічного артеріального тиску (ДАТ) (у мм. рт. ст.) проводили згідно зі стандартним протоколом. Диспозиційний оптимізм (LOT-R) оцінювали за опитувальником в адаптації О. А. Сичова.
Результати. У 65 % медсестер терапевтичного та у 45 % хірургічного відділень за рівнем артеріального тиску (АТ) діагностували артеріальну гіпертензію (АГ). Результати поділу рівня АТ за ступенями показали, що найбільше респондентів було з артеріальною гіпертензією I ст., що не залежало від профілю відділення. При аналізі залежності рівня артеріального тиску від індивідуальних особливостей респондентів при оцінюванні рівня оптимізму встановлено вірогідно вищий рівень оптимізму в медсестер у групі оптимальний+нормальний+високий нормальний АТ стосовно даних групи з АГ. Так, ствердна відповідь у групі оптимальний+нормальний+високий нормальний АТ переважала в 47,98 % медсестер у загальній сукупності, які працюють позмінно, на твердження: «В невизначених ситуаціях я звичайно сподіваюсь на краще», у 39,89 % – на твердження: «Я завжди з оптимізмом дивлюсь у майбутнє» та у 47,98 % – на твердження: «В цілому я очікую, що зі мною станеться більше хорошого, ніж поганого». При аналізі залежності показників артеріального тиску від індивідуальних особливостей респондентів при оцінюванні рівня оптимізму виявляються вірогідно вищі показники САТ і ДАТ у медсестер, які дали негативну відповідь на твердження: «Я завжди з оптимізмом дивлюсь у майбутнє» стосовно ствердних відповідей, відповідно на 7,41 % та 9,20 %
Висновки. Рівень оптимізму вірогідно вищий у медсестер з оптимальним, нормальним і високим нормальним артеріальним тиском стосовно медсестер з артеріальною гіпертензією, із тенденцією до вищих рівнів артеріального тиску в респондентів з нижчим рівнем оптимізму.
Розлади психологічних рис особистості, сну та варіабельності серцевого ритму в осіб різного віку з метаболічним синдромом
Authors: Денефіль О. В. , Кліщ І. М. , Криницька І. Я.
Published: November 2022

Резюме. За останні роки з’явилося багато статей, що вказують на взаємозв’язок тривалості сну з розвит­ком метаболічного синдрому. Розлади сну є облігатними властивостями депресії, що може супроводжуватися порушеннями з боку регуляторних впливів автономної нервової системи (АНС) на серцеву діяльність.
Мета дослідження – виявити особливості психологічних рис особистості, сну та варіабельності серцевого ритму в осіб різного віку з метаболічним синдромом.
Матеріали і методи. Обстежено дві групи людей: 18–21 рік (перша група) і 60–74 роки (друга група). До першої групи увійшло 12 осіб чоловічої і 14 осіб жіночої статей із надмірною масою тіла, з обводом талії більше від норми, підвищеним артеріальним тиском і рівнем глюкози крові натще понад 5,6 ммоль/л. Дана група осіб не приймала ліків, щоб відкорегувати метаболічний синдром. До другої групи увійшло 16 чоловіків і 22 жінки, які мали підтверджений метаболічний синдром і приймали відповідне медикаментозне лікування. Усім проводили анкетування за допомогою багатофакторного особистісного опитувальника FPI форми В, варіаційну кардіоінтервалометрію та опитування щодо режиму сну.
Результати. Встановлено особливості психологічних рис особистості, тривалості та якості сну, регуляторних механізмів серцевою діяльністю з боку АНС.
Висновки. За результатами опитувальника FPI форми В встановлено, що у молодих чоловіків, порівняно з жінками, менші невротичність і депресивність, більші спонтанна й реактивна агресивність, урівноваженість, екстравертованість, маскулінність. У чоловіків зрілого віку, порівняно з жінками, виявлено менші невротичність, депресивність, більші спонтанна агресивність, урівноваженість, екстравертованість. У чоловіків другої групи, порівняно з першою, більші невротичність, депресивність, сором’язливість. У жінок другої групи, порівняно з першою, переважають депресивність, дратівливість, сором’язливість, інтровертованість. У двох групах обстежених тривалість сну менша ніж 6 год: у молодих осіб за рахунок неспання у вечірньо-нічні години, а у зрілих – за рахунок ранкових. За результатами спектрального аналізу серцевого ритму встановлено, що у чоловіків першої групи адекватна реакція регуляції серцевого ритму АНС, а другої групи – недостатня реакція з боку симпатичного відділу АНС, у жінок першої і другої груп відмічено гіперреактивну реакцію, а також більші регуляторні впливи АНС.
ATTITUDE TOWARDS PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRISTS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN TERTIARY HEALTH CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Jahagirdar R.
Published: November 2022

Background. Psychiatry is a medical subject; many medical students ignore its importance in medicine. Regarding mental illness, many medical professionals and students are less aware as mental illness is very important in affecting the quality of care the patient receives and in choosing psychiatry as a career. This study specializes in psychiatry based on many factors, however undergraduate students’ attitude towards career choice is the most important.
Objective. This study aims to explore attitude towards psychiatry subject among undergraduate medical students.
Methods. This is a Descriptive cross-sectional study done at Vikhe Patil Medical College, Ahmednagar. The total of 295 volunteer students from all phases of MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) were enrolled by purposive sampling, a 30-item self-administered questionnaire, ATP-30 (Attitude towards Psychiatry) was used to measure the attitude of medical students. Data collected was analysed using SPSS version 24. The results were reported as percentage and frequencies.
Results. In the study, 47.4% of the respondents were males and 52.6% were females. Out of total study participants 52.3% of our study respondents strongly agreed that psychiatry was a respected branch of medicine; 56.7% strongly agreed that psychiatry should be an important part of medical curriculum; 19.4% of study respondents considered it in the list of the career choice while the majority did not think that it should be in their career list options.
Conclusions. In the study, the students from the later phases of MBBS showed positive attitude than that of the initial phases. Many students found it as respected subject and essential field of medicine for their choice of profession. However, shortcoming knowledge and awareness was observed in the responses pertaining to present available treatment and recent trends in the field.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy for Adult Patients With a Failing Systemic Right Ventricle: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Kharbanda Rohit K. , Moore Jeremy P. , Lloyd Michael S. , Galotti Robert , Bogers Ad J. J. C. , Taverne Yannick J. H. J. , Madhavan Malini , McLeod Christopher J. , Dubin Anne M. , Mah Douglas Y. , Chang Philip M. , Kamp Anna N. , Nielsen Jens C. , Aydin Alper , Tanel Ronn E. , Shah Maully J. , Pilcher Thomas , Evertz Reinder , Khairy Paul , Tan Reina B. , Czosek Richard J. , Shivkumar Kalyanam , de Groot Natasja M. S.
Published: November 2022

Background

The objective of this international multicenter study was to investigate both early and late outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with a systemic right ventricle (SRV) and to identify predictors for congestive heart failure readmissions and mortality.

Methods and Results

This retrospective international multicenter study included 13 centers. The study population comprised 80 adult patients with SRV (48.9% women) with a mean age of 45±14 (range, 18–77) years at initiation of CRT. Median follow‐up time was 4.1 (25th–75th percentile, 1.3–8.3) years. Underlying congenital heart disease consisted of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and dextro‐transposition of the great arteries in 63 (78.8%) and 17 (21.3%) patients, respectively. CRT resulted in significant improvement in functional class (before CRT: III, 25th–75th percentile, II–III; after CRT: II, 25th–75th percentile, II–III;
P
=0.005) and QRS duration (before CRT: 176±27; after CRT: 150±24 milliseconds;
P
=0.003) in patients with pre‐CRT ventricular pacing who underwent an upgrade to a CRT device (n=49). These improvements persisted during long‐term follow‐up with a marginal but significant increase in SRV function (before CRT; 30%, 25th–75th percentile, 25–35; after CRT: 31%, 25th–75th percentile, 21–38;
P
=0.049). In contrast, no beneficial change in the above‐mentioned variables was observed in patients who underwent de novo CRT (n=31). A quarter of all patients were readmitted for heart failure during follow‐up, and mortality at latest follow‐up was 21.3%.

Conclusions

This international experience with CRT in patients with an SRV demonstrated that CRT in selected patients with SRV dysfunction and pacing‐induced dyssynchrony yielded consistent improvement in QRS duration and New York Heart Association functional status, with a marginal increase in SRV function.
Final 5‐Year Report of the Randomized BIO‐RESORT Trial Comparing 3 Contemporary Drug‐Eluting Stents in All‐Comers
Authors: Ploumen Eline H. , Pinxterhuis Tineke H. , Buiten Rosaly A. , Zocca Paolo , Danse Peter W. , Schotborgh Carl E. , Scholte Martijn , Gin R. Melvyn Tjon Joe , Somi Samer , van Houwelingen K. Gert , Stoel Martin G. , de Man H. A. F. , Hartmann Marc , Linssen Gerard C. M. , van der Heijden Liefke C. , Kok Marlies M. , Doggen Carine J. M. , von Birgelen Clemens
Published: November 2022

Background

In a previous trial, higher 5‐year mortality was observed following treatment with biodegradable polymer Orsiro sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES). We assessed 5‐year safety and efficacy of all‐comers as well as patients with diabetes treated with SES or Synergy everolimus‐eluting stents (EES) versus durable polymer Resolute Integrity zotarolimus‐eluting stents (ZES).

Methods and Results

The randomized BIO‐RESORT (Comparison of Biodegradable Polymer and Durable Polymer Drug‐Eluting Stents in an All Comers Population) trial enrolled 3514 all‐comer patients at 4 Dutch cardiac centers. Patients aged ≥18 years who required percutaneous coronary intervention were eligible. Participants were stratified for diabetes and randomized to treatment with SES, EES, or ZES (1:1:1). The main end point was target vessel failure (cardiac mortality, target vessel myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization). Five‐year follow‐up was available in 3183 of 3514 (90.6%) patients. The main end point target vessel failure occurred in 142 of 1169 (12.7%) patients treated with SES, 130 of 1172 (11.6%) treated with EES, versus 157 of 1173 (14.1%) treated with ZES (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89 [95% CI, 0.71–1.12],
P
log‐rank
=0.31; and HR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.65–1.04],
P
log‐rank
=0.10, respectively). Individual components of target vessel failure showed no significant between‐stent difference. Very late definite stent thrombosis rates were low and similar (SES, 1.1%; EES, 0.6%; ZES, 0.9%). In patients with diabetes, target vessel failure did not differ significantly between stent‐groups (SES, 19.8%; EES, 19.2%; versus ZES, 21.1% [
P
log‐rank
=0.69 and
P
log‐rank
=0.63]).

Conclusions

Orsiro SES, Synergy EES, and Resolute Integrity ZES showed similar 5‐year outcomes of safety and efficacy, including mortality. A prespecified stent comparison in patients with diabetes also revealed no significant differences in 5‐year clinical outcomes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01674803.
Comparative wood anatomy of 16 Malagasy Dalbergia species (Fabaceae) using multivariate techniques
Authors: Ramanantsialonina Ravo Nantenaina , Crameri Simon , Sandratriniaina Ninah Andrianasolo , Wiemann Michael C. , Hermanson John C. , Rakouth Bakolimalala , Ravaomanalina Bako Harisoa
Published: November 2022

Rosewood and palisander (Dalbergia L.f., Fabaceae) are sources of highly valuable tropical timber and include species threatened by habitat degradation and selective logging for national and international trade. Law enforcement depends on reliable and cost-effective species-level identification of timber along the supply chain. The potential of wood anatomy to distinguish between species has not yet been systematically investigated for Dalbergia species from Madagascar. We assessed 36 qualitative and eight quantitative wood anatomical features in 16 Malagasy Dalbergia species that form medium-sized to large trees, representing each species by at least five individuals. We integrated and contrasted the newly collected data with existing data from InsideWood and two previous studies. Principal component analysis of 93 individuals and 29 variables resulted in non-overlapping hulls for eight species with respect to the first two dimensions. Four quantitative features (number of ray tiers per millimetre, number of rays per millimetre, vessel density, and vessel element length) and two qualitative features (scanty paratracheal axial parenchyma and irregular to absent storied structure) were found to be potentially diagnostic to distinguish three single species and three pairs of closely related species. Following our analyses, we provide a provisional microscopic wood anatomical identification key for the 16 Dalbergia species, which can be applied to both logs and sawn wood.
Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China
Authors: ZHAO HUI-NAN , RAO GU , YANG XIN-YA , LI XIAO , YU HAI-LONG , ZHANG BO , LI YU
Published: November 2022

Diderma is one of the most abundant species in Myxomycetes. Based on the study of morphology and phylogeny, two new species—Diderma liaoningensis (is characterized by grouped sporocarps, the sporocyst with dehiscence lines, capillitium with large brown swelling, spore encircled by a pale line) and Diderma verrucocapillitia (is characterized by depressed plasmodiocarps, verrucose capillitium, red-brown spores)—collected from Liaoning province and Jilin province were introduced. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are presented as well as comparisons to similar species. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference based on small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences (SSU rRNA) of Diderma and related genera. These analyses confirmed the placement of two new species in the genus Diderma. A key to 19 species of Diderma from China is also provided. Holotype specimens have been housed in the Herbarium of the Mycological Institute of Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU), Changchun, China.
Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from the Cerrado biome in southwestern Brazil
Authors: MARQUES ALESSANDRO DAMASCENO , HARTMANN ALEF , VALIATI VICTOR HUGO , LEAL-ZANCHET ANA MARIA
Published: November 2022

Most Neotropical land flatworm species are known from areas of the Atlantic Forest. Herein, we describe two new land planarian species from areas of semideciduous forest in the Cerrado biome in southwestern Brazil. Paraba aurantia Marques & Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congeners by the wide black median band on the dorsum, eyes occupying almost the entire dorsal surface, prostatic vesicle twisted and asymmetrical with proximal portions forked, and female atrium with an ample lumen lined by a low epithelium with stratified appearance. Pasipha liviae Marques & Leal-Zanchet, sp. nov. shows a narrow longitudinal dorsal stripe, collar-shaped pharynx, and prostatic vesicle with a pear-shaped proximal portion and a globose distal portion separated by a constriction. In addition, P. liviae can be distinguished from its congeners by molecular analyses from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that P. liviae is closely related to P. hauseri, which occurs in areas of semidseciduous forest in southern Brazil.
Evaluation of WRF Simulation of Deep Convection in the U.S. Southern Great Plains
Authors: Pryor S. C. , Letson F. , Shepherd T. , Barthelmie R. J.
Published: November 2022

The Southern Great Plains (SGP) region exhibits a relatively high frequency of periods with extremely high rainfall rates (RR) and hail. Seven months of 2017 are simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model applied at convection-permitting resolution with the Milbrandt–Yau microphysics scheme. Simulation fidelity is evaluated, particularly during intense convective events, using data from ASOS stations, dual-polarization radar, and gridded datasets and observations at the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site. The spatial gradients and temporal variability of precipitation and the cumulative density functions for both RR and wind speeds exhibit fidelity. Odds ratios > 1 indicate that WRF is also skillful in simulating high composite reflectivity (cREF, used as a measure of widespread convection) and RR > 5 mm h−1 over the domain. Detailed analyses of the 10 days with highest spatial coverage of cREF > 30 dBZ show spatially similar reflectivity fields and high RR in both radar data and WRF simulations. However, during periods of high reflectivity, WRF exhibits a positive bias in terms of very high RR (>25 mm h−1) and hail occurrence, and during the summer and transition months, maximum hail size is underestimated. For some renewable energy applications, fidelity is required with respect to the joint probabilities of wind speed and RR and/or hail. While partial fidelity is achieved for the marginal probabilities, performance during events of critical importance to these energy applications is currently not sufficient. Further research into optimal WRF configurations in support of potential damage quantification for these applications is warranted.

Significance Statement

Heavy rainfall and hail during convective events are challenging for numerical models to simulate in both space and time. For some applications, such as to estimate damage to wind turbine blades and solar panels, fidelity is also required with respect to hail size and joint probabilities of wind speed and hydrometeor type and rainfall rates (RR). This demands fidelity that is seldom evaluated. We show that, although this simulation exhibits fidelity for the marginal probabilities of wind speed, RR, and hail occurrence, the joint probabilities of these properties and the simulation of maximum size of hail are, as yet, not sufficient to characterize potential damage to these renewable energy industries.
A 10-Year National Analysis of Pediatric Elbow Fractures
Authors: Tom Jessica E. , Eckhoff Michael D. , Tadlock Joshua C. , Garcia EStephan J.
Published: November 2022

Elbow fractures comprise 15% of all fractures in children. Our study identifies risk factors and consumer products that contribute to pediatric elbow fractures. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was used to collect demographic and consumer product information between 2010 and 2019 for patients younger than 17 years who presented to the emergency department with elbow fractures. Of the 458,433 elbow fractures, the average age of the patients was 7.4 ± 4.1 years and 55.6% were male children. The most common consumer product was sports and recreation equipment, followed by home furnishings. Male patients ( P < .0001) and patients 8 years and older (79.2% vs 51.1%, P < .0001) experienced significantly greater rates of injury with sports and recreation equipment. This study evaluates the products associated with pediatric elbow fractures and highlights the importance of safe sports and recreation equipment use and the role of parental counseling in preventing falls from furniture.
Dealing with Technological Change: Social Policy Preferences and Institutional Context
Authors: Busemeyer Marius R. , Tober Tobias
Published: November 2022

How does technological change affect social policy preferences across different institutional contexts? In this paper, we argue that individuals who perceive high levels of technology-related employment risks prefer passive policies like unemployment benefits over active measures like retraining in order to satisfy the need for immediate compensation in the case of job loss. At the same time, general support for passive (active) policy solutions to technological change should be significantly lower (higher) in countries where generous compensation schemes already exist. As the perception of technology-related employment risks increases, however, we expect that social policy preferences among high-risk individuals should converge across different welfare state contexts. We use novel data from a diverse set of 24 OECD countries that specifically measure preferred social policy solutions to technological change in a constrained choice scenario. Applying statistical methods that explicitly model the trade-off faced by individuals, we find evidence in line with our theoretical expectations.
Minority Rule: A Lethal Threat to the People's Health, Democracy, and our Planet
Authors: Krieger Nancy
Published: November 2022

When it comes to climate change, gun control, and abortion rights, the U.S. Supreme Court is on a minority rule roll, with grave consequences for the health of people and life on Earth. Its June 2022 decisions to limit the ability of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to regulate climate-heating emissions, to overturn gun control legislation, and to overturn Roe v. Wade not only will harm health and increase health inequities, but also flout public opinion. The U.S. Supreme Court, however, is not alone in being out of step with majority views: so too are state and federal elected officials. For effective action, it is imperative for health professionals not only to marshal evidence of harms posed by actions such as the Supreme Court decisions, but also to contribute to efforts to understand and address how changing the “rules of the game”—for example, through gerrymandering and voter suppression—is enabling branches of the U.S. government to undermine not only use of scientific evidence but also majority rule.
Restorative Justice Programs in Czech Prisons: The Role of Perceived Usefulness and Familiarity with the Program
Authors: Tomasek Jan , Krulichova Eva , Sachova Petra Masopust
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this study is to examine interest in the implementation of five restorative justice programs as reported by 225 employes of the Prison Service of the Czech Republic and to identify the factors that underpin such interest. The results show that perceived usefulness and familiarity with the program are crucial factors that influence the respondent's interest in program implementation. Additionally, awareness of the concept of restorative justice and agreement with its principles are likely to have an indirect effect, mediated through perceived usefulness.
Study on the microfiber attenuation in melt-blowing airflow field
Authors: Wanli Han , Wang Yudong , Wang Xinhou , Yi Honglei
Published: November 2022

Melt blowing (MB) is a process for producing microfiber or nanofiber using high-velocity air to attenuate the polymer jet. Compared to research on the melt-blowing airflow field analysis, the melt blown die optimization, and new materials development, little work has been done on fiber attenuation and whipping in the melt-blowing process. In this study, the airflow field distribution and turbulence fluctuation of the melt-blowing die are investigated using numerical simulation. The fiber motion process is simulated with the bead-viscoelastic element model and obtained using the high-speed camera. The underlying mechanisms leading to melt-blowing fiber attenuation have been discussed. The results show that the airflow field can be separated into three regions. The turbulent fluctuations in Regions I are related to the fiber whipping in the melt-blowing process. The fiber motion in Regions II and III are unsteady, resulting in higher fiber attenuation. Region II is the main zone of fiber attenuation where the fiber whipping increases and the drawing ratio is the largest. The fluctuation of air velocity causes fiber whipping which plays an important role in fiber attenuation. Experimental results of fiber diameter reduction and fiber motion are consistent with the simulation results.
Multimedia Characteristics, Student Relationships, and Teaching Behaviors Predict Perceptions of an Inclusive Classroom Across Course Delivery Format
Authors: Shane-Simpson Christina , Obeid Rita , Prescher Manna
Published: November 2022

Background

Student perceptions of inclusion have been predicted by rapport, and belongingness in face-to-face courses, although these relationships have not been studied across course delivery formats.

Objective

This study clarified relationships among course multimedia characteristics, student–professor rapport, instructor and student presence, classroom climate, quality of teaching behaviors, and perceptions of an inclusive classroom in varied course delivery formats.

Method

A total of 479 students from two universities completed an online survey assessing their course delivery format, multimedia characteristics, rapport, instructor and student presence, classroom climate, teaching behaviors, and perceptions of an inclusive classroom.

Results

Students’ perceptions of inclusion were predicted by course multimedia characteristics (e.g., videos), student–professor rapport, instructor presence, course structure, course clarity, student connectedness, and the quality of teaching behaviors.

Conclusion

Inclusive classrooms reflect a myriad of instructor-, student-, and classroom-level characteristics and behaviors. However, the predictive value of these characteristics can change based on the course delivery format.

Teaching Implications

Faculty professional development opportunities for inclusive pedagogy should include skill development for course design (multimedia characteristics, structure), professor–student rapport-building and classroom community building, and high-quality teaching behaviors that align with specific course delivery formats.
Adherence to antimalarials and glucocorticoids treatment and its association with self-reported disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Correa-Rodríguez María , Rueda-Medina Blanca , Callejas-Rubio José-Luis , Ríos-Fernández Raquel , Gil-Gutiérrez Rocío , Ortego-Centeno Norberto
Published: November 2022

Objectives

We aimed to investigate the rate of non-adherence to antimalarials and glucocorticoids (GCs) and to analyze their potential relationships with sociodemographic characteristics, disease activity and accumulate damage in a cohort of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 670 patients. The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ) and the Lupus Damage Index Questionnaire (LDIQ) were used to assess disease activity and accumulated damage.

Results

The prevalence of non-adherence to antimalarials and GCs were 10.67% and 39.61%. 86.9% of participants indicated that the reason for stopping therapy was the presence of side effects. SLE patients with non-adherence to antimalarials and GCs had significantly higher scores in disease severity (SLAQ) compared to adherence patients (5.03 (2.12) vs 4.39 (2.61); p = .004 and (4.75 (2.29) vs 4.05 (2.78); p ≤ .001).

Conclusion

Adherence to the treatment indicated in SLE differs from drug to drug. Findings highlight the importance of developing interventions to support adherence and improve outcomes among patients.
The Declining Significance of Interpol: Policing International Terrorism After 9/11
Authors: Deflem Mathieu
Published: November 2022

This paper discusses the current policies and strategies developed by Interpol to organize international police cooperation in matters of terrorism. While the role of police in international counterterrorism cannot be denied and can only be assumed to be more important today than ever before, evidence shows that Interpol has in recent years no longer placed a premium on terrorism among its objectives. Relying on the bureaucratization perspective of policing, Interpol’s relative decline in attention to terrorism is argued to have been brought about by factors both external and internal to the organization. Externally, the police of many nations, especially those with well-developed law enforcement organizations, prefer to work unilaterally or on the basis of smaller, temporary forms of international collaboration. Internally, moreover, Interpol has grown considerably in terms of membership but in a manner that might threaten its central objective to fight international crime by efficient means of cooperation. Related problems involve abuse of Interpol’s notice system as well as political and legal problems concerning the organization's leadership. As a result, among the most striking aspects of Interpol's development in recent years has been a relative but distinct decline in its once central focus on terrorism.
Expression of Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 in Gastric Cancer Predicts Overall Survival of Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Quan Xiaoling , Zhang Zhenming , Qin Yujie , Gai Xin , Tian Qiling , Guo Yaqiong , Qian Jun , Yao Jiaxi
Published: November 2022

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 proteins in gastric cancer tissues and analyze the relationship between these three proteins and the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of patients.

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Four hundred gastric cancer tissue specimens from patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in Zhangye People’s Hospital affiliated to Hexi University between February 2013 and February 2021 underwent immunohistochemical analysis.

Results

The positive expression rates of Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 in gastric cancer tissues were 55.5%, 56.5%, and 64.5%, respectively. The expressions of Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 in gastric cancer tissues were significantly correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, and degree of differentiation (P < .05). The expression of Shh protein was positively correlated with the expression of Gli1 protein (P < .01), and the expression of Gli1 protein was positively correlated with the expression of Cyr61 protein (P < .01). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the expression of Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 could predict the prognosis of patients (P < .05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis combined with TNM staging could better predict the three-year overall survival of patients (P < .05).

Conclusion

Shh, Gli1, and Cyr61 proteins are significantly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and are risk factors for the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.
Prioritising enhancements across allied health telehealth services in a metropolitan hospital: Using a concept mapping approach
Authors: Burns Clare L , Cottrell Michelle , Jones Amber , Foley Jasmine , Rahmann Ann , Young Adrienne , Cruickshank Mark , Pateman Kelsey
Published: November 2022

Introduction

A prior study examining perceptions of Allied Health Professions (AHP) telehealth services at a metropolitan hospital highlighted multiple issues impacting service uptake, operationalisation, and delivery. Concept mapping methodology was utilised to address these issues and prioritise actionable telehealth service improvements.

Methods

Representatives ( n = 22) from seven AHP departments and consumers generated statements addressing the question: ‘What do we need to do to enhance and sustain telehealth services?’ Statements were synthesised and then clinicians and managers sorted them into similar groups and assigned each statement a ranking of perceived (a) importance and (b) changeability. Multivariate and multidimensional scaling was undertaken to develop a final prioritised set of goals for change.

Results

Ninety-six unique statements were generated as actionable goals for change. Statements were grouped into 13 clusters relating to improvements in staff support, infrastructure, consumer support and organisational processes. All clusters were rated >50% for importance (range 3.3–2.4 out of 4) and changeability (range 2.6–2.1 out of 4). Twenty-six statements were ranked highest for importance and changeability. Key prioritised areas were staff training, consumer advocacy and engagement, telehealth operations and workflow.

Conclusion

Concept mapping was an effective process for generating a prioritised list of actions to enhance AHP telehealth services.
The continuity principle of digital remains
Authors: Morse Tal , Birnhack Michael
Published: November 2022

The digitization of social interactions and daily activities means that multiple aspects of our daily lives are documented and stored, and social interactions leave digital traces. The accumulated data do not evaporate upon death, and questions about posthumous privacy and impression management arise. Drawing on eight focus groups comprised of Israeli Internet users from various backgrounds, the article points to the perceived interrelation between posthumous impression management and respect toward the dead and identifies a pervasive normative stance that advocates for the continuation of privacy management from life to after death. We call it the continuity principle. The living users position their personal data across two axes of public–private and in life–after death and manage access to their data accordingly. The findings suggest that given a digital footprint and possibilities to access digital remains, the separation between life and death erodes. However, users opine that in-life norms should linger and survive death.
Research Progress with Luteolin as an Anti-Tumor Agent
Authors: Cai Zhun , Mao Chenyang , Wang Yeqing , Zhu Zheyi , Xu Sisi , Chen Dongqing , Chen Yufeng , Ruan Wenjie , Fang Binbo
Published: November 2022

In this review, we outline the new expertise and research progress with luteolin as an antitumor agent, and clarify the related results from the aspects of tumor proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, angiogenesis, and immunotherapy. In recent years, with the development of medical technology, the early detection rate of tumors has increased significantly. However, the number of cancer patients remains high. Therefore, a new and reasonably effective tumor therapeutic drug is urgently demanded. Luteolin, a flavonoid and widespread in nature, attracts more and more attention due to its universal biological utility, especially in the study of antitumor activity. This article reviews the work published in the past 20 years on the role and mechanism of luteolin as an antitumor agent, showing that this compound has a variety of effects for antitumor treatment by acting on different cytokines. Although clinical studies have not yet been widely carried out, a series of basic studies have confirmed that luteolin is a reasonably effective antineoplastic agent or anticancer adjuvant. Besides, derivatives of luteolin have good application prospects.
“Look Beyond the Skin”: A case report about chronic pruritus
Authors: Quddusi Fatima I , Youssef Molly J
Published: November 2022

A healthy 23-year-old female developed generalized pruritus over a year that began on her feet and gradually progressed to involve more than 50% of her entire body surface area. Punch skin biopsies were inconclusive, whereas a two-view chest x-ray was suspicious for lymphadenopathy. A chest computed tomography scan with contrast identified an anterior mediastinal mass which was biopsied and diagnosed as a nodular sclerosis type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Subsequently, appropriate therapy was initiated resulting in complete resolution of the patient’s chronic itch. This case underscores the clinical significance of a comprehensive systemic evaluation in chronic pruritus of unclear etiology.
The Mediating Role of Sexual Self-Efficacy on Protected Sex
Authors: Torregosa Marivic , Patricio Orlando
Published: November 2022

Background:

Ascribed traditional gender role has rarely been examined in the topical area of protected sex.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between HIV knowledge, ascribed cultural gender roles of machismo and marianismo, acculturation, attitudes toward risky sexual behaviors and sexual self-efficacy on protected sex, and the mediating effect of sexual self-efficacy between these predictors and protected sex.

Methods:

Part of a larger study, Hispanic college students from a Hispanic-serving institution in a U.S. southern border city were recruited.

Results and Conclusion:

Sexual self-efficacy was found a significant mitigating factor against sexual risks associated with machismo as well as a positive reinforcing element on attitudes toward protected sex. Study findings have implications toward the development of culturally sensitive evidence-based interventions that promote sexual self-efficacy skills among Hispanic males who strongly identify with culturally ascribed gender roles.
Coupled use of isovists and wavelets for street intersection pattern determination
Authors: Leduc Thomas
Published: November 2022

The city is a complex “object” whose structure can be studied at several levels of scale. In this article, we propose to work on the scale of the street, the one in which the pedestrian is immersed, and more precisely on the scale of its articulations, the street intersections. These are indeed structuring places, variously walkable, potentially difficult to cross, which a methodical description can facilitate the use. To this end, we operate, in each intersection, a matching between the shape of the open space as captured by the pedestrian in immersion (this visual pattern is more commonly called the isovist) and a corpus of geospatial patterns. This matching exploits a wavelet compression technique from signal processing which also has the advantage of evaluating the orientation of the pattern. The different urban fabrics presented during the comparative analysis highlight the versatility of the method but also its scalability.
Physcomitrium patens CAD1 has distinct roles in growth and resistance to biotic stress
Authors: Jiang Shan , Tian Xu , Huang Xiaolong , Xin Jiankang , Yan Huiqing
Published: November 2022

Background

Physcomitrium patens provides an evolutionary link between green algae and vascular plants. Although the genome of P. patens includes orthologs of all the core lignin biosynthetic enzymes, the occurrence of lignin in moss is very controversial. Besides, little information is available about the lignin enzymes in moss to date. For example, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is a crucial enzyme that catalyzes the last step of the lignin biosynthetic pathway, suggesting an ideal way to study the evolutionary process. By investigating the functions of CAD in evolution, this study will elucidate the evolutionary roles of lignin-like in the early stage of land colonization.

Results

CAD multigene family in P. patens is composed of four genes. The PpCADs contain a conserved glycine-rich domain to catalyze NADPH-dependent reduction to their corresponding alcohols, indicating that PpCADs have the potential to synthesize monolignols by bioinformatics analysis. Even though PpCAD1 could produce lignin in theory, no conventional monomer was detected in the cell wall or cytoplasm of PpCAD1_OE plants. However, the phenylpropanoids were promoted in PpCAD1_OE transformants to modify gametophore architecture and development, making the distribution of phyllids more scarcity and the moss colony more giant, possibly due to the enhanced expression of the AUX-IAA family. The transcripts of at least one gene encoding the enzyme in the lignin biosynthetic pathway were increased in PpCAD1_OE plants. In addition, the PpCAD1_OE gametophore inhibited the Botrytis cinerea assault mainly by enhanced phenylpropanoids in the cell wall instead of influencing transcripts of defense genes pathogenesis-related 10 (PR10) and nonexpresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1). Likewise, ectopic expression of PpCAD1 in Arabidopsis led to a significant increase in lignin content, exhibiting chunky roots, robust seedlings, advanced flowering, and efficient resistance against pathogens.

Conclusion

PpCAD occurs in more than one copy, suggesting functional divergence in the ancestral plant. PpCAD1 catalyzes monolignol biosynthesis and has homologous functions with vascular plants. Despite no detected conventional monolignol, the increased phenylpropanoids in the PpCAD1_OE gametophore, possibly intermediate metabolites in the lignin pathway, had conserved functions during the evolution of terrestrial plants. The results inferred that the lignin enzyme of the early non-vascular plant played roles in stem elongation and resistance against pathogens of P. patens during the conquest of land.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy as an effective local treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients with inferior vena cava and right atrial tumor thrombus
Authors: Zhang Dan , Li Qian , Li Dong , Jia Jun , Ding JunQiang , Sun Jing , Duan Xuezhang
Published: November 2022

Background

The aim of our study was to evaluate the curative effect and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with inferior vena cava (IVCTT) and right atrial tumor thrombus (RATT).

Methods

This retrospective study included fifteen advanced HCC patients with IVCTT and RATT who were treated with SBRT between 2013 and 2020. The prescribed dose delivered to the tumor was 45–50 Gy/7–10 fx. We report their treatment responses according to survival time and toxicities.

Results

For these patients, the median follow-up time was 15 months (2–52 months). Local tumor control rates of the treated area were 80% at the time of death or at the last follow-up. The 6-month, 12-month, 18-month and 24-month OS rates were 80.0%, 60.0%, 33.3% and 26.7%, respectively. None of these patients died from the toxicity outcomes and complications of SBRT.

Conclusion

SBRT is an effective option for advanced HCC patients with IVCTT and RATT.