bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi Pengolahan Limbah Fly Ash Batubara dalam Upaya Peningkatan Konsentrasi Silika Menggunakan Asam Sitrat
Authors: Chinara Abinawa  , Alieftiyani Paramita Gobel
Published: August 2024

The combustion of coal produces two types of waste, namely light ash (Fly Ash) and heavy ash (Bottom Ash). Fly ash is the waste generated by power plants, contributing to environmental pollution. According to data from the Ministry of Industry of the Republic of Indonesia in 2022, the current amount of fly ash and bottom ash in Indonesia continues to increase in line with the development and growth of the manufacturing industry as well as the increasing demand for electricity supplied by power plants. The combined fly ash and bottom ash generated from power plants alone in 2021 are estimated to reach 12 million tons, and it is projected to increase to 16.2 million tons by 2027. This poses a problem because the reused amount of fly ash and bottom ash is very small, necessitating the storage and/or landfilling of the remaining waste. The quantity of fly ash and bottom ash continues to grow without proper management, potentially contaminating the environment due to fine particles from coal combustion that become airborne. One way to utilize the silica contained in coal fly ash is through a hydrometallurgical extraction process. This process involves extracting metal compounds from ore using liquids such as acid. In the extraction process of silica from coal fly ash, pure citric acid is used as the extraction liquid. This process has several advantages compared to conventional processing methods, such as sintering or roasting, as it is more cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly.
Perancangan Sistem Alarm Kebisingan untuk Kapal Penangkap Ikan Berbasis Arduino Uno dengan Sensor KY-037
Authors: Muhammad Romdonul Hakim  , Anas Noor Firdaus  , M Kamal Abdal Nasser
Published: August 2024

Fishermen are highly susceptible to hearing impairment due to prolonged exposure to the high-intensity noise of boat engines. While numerous studies have investigated the noise intensity levels of boat engines, no research has been conducted on noise warning alarm systems for fishing boats. Therefore, this study aims to develop a sound noise alarm system based on Arduino Uno with a KY-037 sensor for fishing boats, which is expected to reduce the potential for hearing impairment among fishermen. This research employs a quantitative descriptive approach, with data collected through experimental methods and analyzed by comparing noise level data at various engine speeds. The results of the noise level measurements of boat engines at the Fish Landing Base (PPI) in Cikidang, Pangadaran Regency, indicate that the majority of fishermen are safe from hearing impairment due to engine noise, as most boats there are small, with a Gross Tonnage (GT) capacity of under 5 GT. The risk of hearing impairment emerges for boats with a capacity of 11 GT running at a maximum engine speed of 1600 rpm, producing noise levels up to 84 dB. Thus, it is recommended that crew members use earplugs.
Rectovaginal Fistula Due To Chronic Perineal Tear; A Case Report
Authors: Yulia Margaretta Sari  , Juan Habli Soufal
Published: August 2024

An abnormal connection that exists between two epithelial surfaces or lumens of the rectum that reaches into the vagina is known as a recto-vaginal fistula (RVF). RVF is one unfortunate consequence of the underlying condition, such as trauma or surgery. According to the patient recap of the urogynecology clinic at M Djamil Hospital Padang (2023), from January to September, 6 patients had cases of rectovaginal fistula that needed to be repaired. Treatment of the underlying condition, the fistula, and its associated complications all fall under the umbrella of RVF management. Given that obstetrics, procedure is still the main cause in this case, the role of the field of urogynecology in the management of surgical interventions is important to maintain the quality of life of a woman. In this case report we present a case report of a 24-year-old woman with rectovaginal fistula and anal incontinence caused by chronic total perineal tear. The patient complained of feces discharge from the vagina since giving spontaneous birth to the first. Physical examination found defects in the internal sphincter (IAS) and external sphincter (EAS) at 11 until 14 o'clock. The patient then underwent sphincteroplasty and perineorrhaphy and showed improvement after surgical intervention
Pengaruh Penggunaan Limbah Ampas Tebu Merah Sebagai Pengganti Semen terhadap Kuat Tekan Beton
Authors: Muhammad Rahman Rambe  , Rizky Febriani Pohan  , Alvi Sahrin Nasution  , Wirna Arifitriana
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of red sugar cane bagasse waste as a cement substitute on the compressive strength of concrete and to determine the compressive strength value of concrete after adding red sugar bagasse waste as a cement substitute. This research is experimental research which begins with preparation of tools and materials, aggregate inspection, slump test, job mix design, making test objects, caring for test objects, testing concrete volume weight and ends with testing concrete compressive strength. The research results show that the addition of red sugar cane bagasse powder as a cement substitute in making concrete has an effect on the mechanical properties of concrete such as: slump value, concrete volume weight and concrete compressive strength. The average compressive strength value of concrete produced after adding 2.5% red sugar cane bagasse waste; 5%; 7.5% and 10% at 28 days are 20.95 MPa respectively; 17.15 MPa; 14.79 MPa and 11.87 MPa. Thus, red sugar bagasse waste is not recommended to be used as a cement substitute because the compressive strength value of the planned concrete is very far from normal concrete.
Pengolahan Limbah Cair Kantin FST Universitas Jambi dengan Memanfaatkan Zeolit dan Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes)
Authors: Enjelina Situmeang  , Zuli Rodhiyah  , Tri Syukria Putra
Published: August 2024

Liquid waste from the student canteen of FST Jambi University can cause pollution. This study aimed to determine the concentration of COD and oil and fat before and after treatment, and to analyze the effectiveness of zeolite and water hyacinth. The experimental method involved a physical process using zeolite and a biological process using water hyacinth. The initial COD value of the canteen liquid waste was 22,357.28 mg/L, and the oil content was 5,576.12 mg/L. After treatment with zeolite, COD decreased to 2,831.325 mg/L, and oil and fat to 17.92 mg/L. Using a combination of zeolite and water hyacinth for 5, 10, and 15 days, the COD values were 792.25 mg/L, 307.9 mg/L, and 666.67 mg/L, and the oil and fat values were 3.22 mg/L, 6.76 mg/L, and 13.61 mg/L. The effectiveness of zeolite alone resulted in a COD reduction of 87.34% and oil and fat reduction of 99.68%. The combined treatment for 5, 10, and 15 days resulted in COD reductions of 96.46%, 98.62%, and 97.02%, and oil and fat reductions of 99.94%, 99.88%, and 99.76%.
Perancangan dan Penerapan Sistem Informasi Maintenance di PT. XYZ untuk Mengukur Kinerja Mesin
Authors: Joni Apriyanto
Published: August 2024

Manufacturing business competition is increasingly competitive. Companies will survive if they are efficient in their operations and are able to maximize the utility of their production machine capacity. Machine utility can be maximized if the machine is always ready for production properly. PT. XYZ is a printing company. The problems at PT. XYZ include the cessation of the production process due to machine damage and machine performance has not been measured because the machine history database is still done manually. The purpose of this study is to design an integrated machine maintenance and repair information system that helps technicians when making repairs and is able to monitor and evaluate machine performance and the performance of the engineering department. The method used in this study is to conduct a survey of the existing system and plan a system that is able to analyze machine conditions in detail. The result of this study is a maintenance information system that can be used well at PT. XYZ. This system is able to assess machine performance and the performance of the engineering department and is able to be a reference when repairs and the report data can be used to plan maintenance and development of the engineering team.
Evaluasi Desain Struktur Gedung Pondok Pesantren At-Tibyan Deli Serdang
Authors: Simon Dertha Tarigan  , Martius Ginting  , Yohanes Sibagariang  , Deny Alfandy Sihole
Published: August 2024

The structural design of this three-story Islamic boarding school building, the results obtained after analysis include; risk category II so that the earthquake priority factor is 1. The soil site class is soft soil. In the structural system, it is designed using a special moment resisting frame system (SRPMK). The seismic design category obtained is category D. Seismic inspection starting from checking irregularities, diaphragm design, checking the number of structural vibration variations, determining the fundamental period of the structure, seismic response coefficient values, seismic base shear, checking the deviation between floors is carried out based on SNI 1726-2019. for column elements, beams and also plates in existing conditions after analysis have met the requirements based on SNI 2847-2019. The conclusion in this final project research is based on the results of the analysis that the design of the Attybian Islamic boarding school building still meets the requirements based on SNI 1726-2019 concerning procedures for earthquake resistance planning for buildings and non-buildings and also for beam, column and plate elements have met the requirements based on SNI 2847-2019 concerning reinforced concrete structures. However, for the beam elements for the reinforcement requirements, it is still too wasteful so that in this analysis, the amount of reinforcement is reduced because in the planning principle it must be safe and economical.
Analisis Pengelolaan Obat Di Instalasi Farmasi Puskesmas X Kabupaten Sukoharjo
Authors: Amanta Rajendra Rafi Ramadani  , Ika Purwidyaningrum  , Santi Dwi Astuti
Published: August 2024

The management of medicines in community health centers is a key element in healthcare services. This study aims to analyze the management of medicines at the Pharmacy Installation of X Community Health Center in Sukoharjo Regency. The aim of this research is to determine the suitability of indicators for the selection, planning, procurement, distribution, and use of drugs at this community health center, and to identify the strategic position of the pharmacy installation within the SWOT matrix. This research employs a descriptive analysis study design with a nonexperimental qualitative approach. Data were collected retrospectively through a review of documented records. Data collection techniques included document review, observation, and interviews at X Community Health Center in Sukoharjo Regency. The results showed that the indicators for compliance with the community health center's formulary were in accordance with standards, but the compliance of medicine items with the national formulary and the national essential medicines list was not up to standard. In the planning and procurement stages, all indicators met standards, such as the comparison between the number of medicine items planned and those actually used, the frequency of procurement of each medicine item annually, and planning deviations. In the distribution stage, the indicators for medicine matching with stock cards and the warehouse management system met standards. In the usage stage, the percentage of prescriptions with generic medicines met standards. The SWOT analysis results indicated a position in quadrant 1.
PESAN MORAL BALASAN AMAL PERBUATAN DALAM QS. LUQMAN AYAT 16 PERSPEKTIF TAFSIR AL-JAILANI
Authors: Lestari Dian , Ni'am Chikmatun , Subki Tajudin
Published: August 2024

Artikel ini membahas pesan moral tentang balasan amal perbuatan yang terkandung dalam Surah Luqman ayat 16, dilihat dari perspektif tafsir Al-Jailani. Surah Luqman merupakan bagian dari Al-Quran yang mengandung petunjuk-petunjuk moral dan hikmah-hikmah yang berharga. Ayat 16 dari surah ini secara khusus menyoroti prinsip balasan amal yang adil dari Allah SWT atas tindakan manusia. Tafsir Al-Jailani memberikan penekanan pada makna mendalam ayat ini, menyoroti bahwa setiap perbuatan manusia akan memiliki akibatnya masing-masing. Artikel ini mengeksplorasi konsep balasan amal dalam Islam, dengan fokus pada pengertian bahwa kebaikan akan dibalas dengan kebaikan, sedangkan kejahatan akan mendapat ganjaran yang setimpal. Perspektif Al-Jailani memberikan pemahaman yang dalam tentang hubungan antara amal perbuatan manusia dengan balasan yang akan diterima di dunia dan akhirat. Analisis dalam artikel ini mengungkapkan bahwa pesan moral yang terkandung dalam ayat ini menekankan pentingnya kesadaran akan akibat dari setiap tindakan yang dilakukan manusia, baik dalam hubungannya dengan sesama maupun dengan Sang Pencipta. Dengan memahami prinsip ini, manusia diharapkan dapat mengembangkan sikap bertanggung jawab dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan lebih memperhatikan konsekuensi dari setiap tindakan yang mereka lakukan.
UNDERSTANDING BUYA HAMKA DAN TAFSR AL-AZHAR
Authors: Puspitasari Ria
Published: August 2024

Buya Hamka is a Multi-Talented figure of the archipelago who left many written works, in addition to being a scholar, writer, preacher, and politician. Throughout his life he always fought for an ideology based on tawhid teachings. The name HAMKA is an abbreviation of his name, namely H. Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah, author of the book of tafsir Al-Azhar which is his phenomenal work. The purpose of this study is to find out how Hamka's biography started from childhood to successfully create his phenomenal works, especially the book of tafsir Al-Azhar. The method used in this study is the library research method by collecting various information and data from various relevant sources. So, Buya Hamka is a Nusantara scholar who is known for his works with one of his phenomenal works, namely the book of tafsir Al-Azhar. Buya Hamka has also served as chairman of MUI and is known as a leader of Muhammadiyah.
Diseño de una estación de trabajo basado en medidas antropométricas enfocado al personal administrativo de la empresa Provip´s Cia. Ltda.
Authors: Benavides-Vázquez Diego , Rodríguez-Llerena Marco
Published: August 2024

El diseño de estaciones de trabajo ergonómicas se fundamenta en principios clave, como la antropometría, con el objetivo de adecuar el entorno laboral a las características físicas y psicológicas de los trabajadores, promoviendo un ambiente cómodo y seguro. La evaluación de puestos de trabajo mediante el método ROSA buscó determinar el nivel de riesgo y la acción necesaria. Posteriormente, se recopilo medidas antropométricas de 13 trabajadores que permitieron diseñar la estación de trabajo del personal administrativo de PROVIP´S CIA. LTDA. Los resultados indican que la parte superior e inferior de la espalda, cuello y muñeca son las áreas corporales más afectadas por molestias musculoesqueléticas. La evaluación de los puestos con ROSA para PVD reveló niveles de riesgo alto a extremo, señalando una urgencia en la intervención ergonómica. Por consiguiente, se propone el rediseño de los puestos, considerando medidas antropométricas, para mejorar el confort laboral y estandarizar un prototipo adaptable de estación de trabajo. El diseño ergonómico es crucial para adecuar los elementos de trabajo al trabajador y prevenir lesiones musculoesqueléticas. El uso de medidas antropométricas no solo mejora el confort, sino que también incrementa la productividad y disminuye el riesgo de lesiones laborales.
Konsep Wali Nikah Dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Menurut Pandangan Ulama’ Hanafiyah Dan Syafi'iyah
Authors: Aditya Muzemmil , Fathullah Fathullah
Published: August 2024

Wali dalam pernikahan yaitu seseorang yang bertindak atas nama mempelai perempuan dalam suatu akad nikah. wali itu ada yang umum dan ada yang khusus. Yang khusus adalah yang berkenan dengan manusia dan benda hartanya. Yang dibicarakan disini wali tetap manusia, yaitu tentang perwalian dalam pernikahan. Keberadaan seorang wali dalam akad nikah adalah suatu hal yang mesti dan tidak sah akad pernikahannya yang tidak dilakukan oleh   wali. Kemudian artikel ini mengkaji tentang konsep wali nikah dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 tahun 1974 dan menurut pandangan ulama’ hanafiyan dan syafi’iyah tentang konsep wali nikah dalam Undang-Undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 tahun 1974. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka (Library research). Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yaitu melalui tahapan editing, pengorganisasian dan analisa data. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi komparatif. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa wali nikah menjadi syarat dan rukun dalam perkawinan. Menurut ulama’ hanafiyah dan ulama’ syafi’iyah, wali dalam pernikahan menjadi syarat sahnya perkawinan, persamaan pendapat itu terletak pada syarat sahnya perkawinan. Adapun perbedaan wali dalam pernikahan yang mana Ulama’ syafi’i memberikan makna yang kuat, tidak sah perkawinan tanpa adanya wali baik itu gadis ataupun janda. tapi ulama’ hanafiyah lebih menyandarkan pada rasionalitas dalam membuat keputusan hukumnya rukun dan syarat perkawinan ada pada ijab dan Qabul.
Status Anak Angkat (Adopsi) Dan Akibat Hukumnya: Studi Komparasi Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Positif
Authors: Winda Winda , Firdausiyah Vita
Published: August 2024

Salah satu akibat hukum dari pengangkatan anak adalah mengenai status (kedudukan) anak angkat. Sejarah mencatat bahwa anak angkat dan pengangkatan anak sudah dikenal sejak lama. Di dalam perundangan di Indonesia terdapat beberapa UU yang menjelaskan tentang pengangkatan anak tersebut, meskipun dari beberapa UU tersebut dari tahun ke tahun terdapat perbedaan dalam akibat hukum dan status anak angkatnya. Di dalam hukum Islam, anak angkat tidak menimbulkan akibat hukum tertentu karena didalam hukum Islam anak angkat tidak sama dengan anak kandung dan secara otomatis dari segi nasab, perwalian dan waris anak angkat tetap kepada orang tua kandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi komparatif, yaitu membandingkan status anak angkat menurut hukum Islam dan hukum positif. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian Library Research (kepustakaan), penulis akan memaparkan data-data pustaka yang berbentuk buku, jurnal, laporan penelitian, makalah dan bahan pustaka lainnya yang akurat terhadap objek yang menjadi pokok permasalahan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa, status anak angkat berdasarkan hukum Islam tidak sama seperti anak kandung, di dalam hukum Islam anak angkat dalam segi nasab, wali dan warisnya tetap kepada orang tua kandung. Sedangkan menurut hukum positif,kedudukan anak angkat sama dengan anak kandung. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya pengakuan dari orang tua yang mengangkat anak tersebut. Dengan pengakuan maka anak angkat memiliki hubungan perdata dengan orang tua yang mengangkatnya. Maka secara langsung perwalian dan hak waris anak angkat mengikuti orang tua angkatnya.
Komparasi wali mujbir dalam madzhab Syafi`i dan madzhab Hanafi
Authors: Aditya Muzemmil , Yuliardy Nugroho Irzak
Published: August 2024

This article discusses a comparison of the thoughts of the Hanafi school of thought and the Syafi'i school of thought. The author uses data collection methods with documentation techniques. After obtaining the required data, the data is analyzed using the comparative analysis method. The Syafi`i school of thought says that as long as a girl still has the status of al-bikr (girl) then the rights of a guardian still exist. The limit for al-bikr (girl) according to the Syafi`i school is as long as the woman has never had sexual intercourse (jima`), even if she has had sexual intercourse. If adultery is committed, the person is no longer considered al-bikr (girl), this statement from the Shafi'i school includes a girl who is divorced by her husband but has never had sexual intercourse with him (qobla dukhul), because essentially the woman still has the status of al-bikr (girl). Meanwhile, according to the Hanafi school of thought, those who have the right to become mujbir guardians are all guardians from the father's line, while mujbir guardians can only be applied to girls who have not reached puberty. The Hanafi school also imposes requirements for mujbir guardians, namely that they must be able to provide a suitable husband for their daughter. Meanwhile, all trustees for crazy people are mujbir trustees. Mujbir is just a father and grandfather. From this background, the author is interested in discussing the opinions of Imam Hanafi and Imam Syafi'i on the issue of wali mujbir. This article contains the opinions and methods of legal istinbat used by Imam Hanafi and Imam Syafi'i regarding wali mujbir. The method of istinbat wali mujbir used by Imam Syafi'i is the Koran, Sunnah, and Qiyas, while the method of legal istinbat used by Imam Hanafi in the matter of wali mujbir is the Koran, Sunnah, and 'Urf. The illat used by Imam Syafi'i is bikr (virginity), while the illat used by Imam Hanafi in the concept of ijbar guardianship is ghairu aqilah. Because women in this situation are unable to do anything for themselves
Bacaan basmalah dalam sholat perspektif ulama madzhab empat
Authors: Umam Rosyidul , Yazid Adnan Quthny Abu
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses a comparative study of the madhhabs of reciting the basmalah in prayer from the perspective of the four madhhabs. Regarding basmalah, the scholars agree that basmalah is one of the verses of Surah al-Naml. But they differ in opinion about reading basmalah at the beginning of the recitation of the Qur'an in prayer. The difference in reading the basmalah when praying has made Muslims divided, and even more concerning, there is an assumption that people who are accustomed to reading the basmalah in prayers in mosques and musholla whose imams do not read the basmalah have invalid prayers. What actually causes this difference? What is the perspective of the four madzhab scholars on this issue? Collecting data used in the preparation of this thesis, the author uses library research by referring to primary sources known from fiqh books, namely Madzahibul Arba'ah, while secondary data is a supporter that still has relevance to the discussion of this journal. In compiling and completing it, the author uses an analytical descriptive method through data collection and the opinions of the scholars to then draw a conclusion. This research leads to the conclusion that what causes differences among scholars related to the recitation of basmalah during prayer is the variety of fiqh sciences that contradict each other, differences in determining the position of basmalah in the Qur'an, and differences in fiqh sciences related to this issue.
Wali nikah dalam perspektif imam Syafi’i dan imam Hanafi
Authors: Ridho Muhammad , Hannan Abd
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses the marriage guardian in the review of Imam Syafii and Imam Hanafi. Wali nikah, as is known, is part of the issue of marriage whose existence is still in dispute. In a marriage, the concept of guardianship is an inseparable part because this is one of the legal requirements of Islamic marriage that must be fulfilled. Should a woman get married with a guardian? The majority of scholars require it, but for Imam Abu Hanifah, the status of a guardian in a marriage contract is sunnah, not fardlu, which can invalidate the marriage, except that the guardian has the right to approve the marriage or not. And women can be guardians in a marriage contract, besides that a woman who is an adult kamal al-ahliyyah can marry herself or be her representative. This paper is included in the type of library research, which is descriptive analysis. The data collection technique is by searching and collecting books and books as well as journals or blogs, especially those related to the study of this problem, then using the Ushul Fiqh approach and Qaidah Fiqhiyyah. Based on the results of the analysis conducted by the compiler, the results are as follows According to Imam Shafi'i, the presence of a guardian is one of the pillars of marriage, which means that without the presence of a guardian when doing a marriage contract the marriage is not valid. Imam Hanafi is of the opinion that if a woman does a marriage contract without a guardian, while her prospective husband is comparable (kufu'), then the marriage is permissible. She can marry herself and her minor daughter, and she can do so on behalf of someone else. But if the woman wants to marry a man who is not kufu', then the guardian can prevent her from doing so. According to the Hanafis, the presence of a guardian in a marriage is Sunnah.
Analysis of the role of village-owned enterprises (bumdes) in improving the economy of the community in sharia-based Patokan village
Authors: Suryana Ahmad , Thompson Emily , Marliana Marliana
Published: August 2024

This research aims to analyze the role of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) in improving the economy of the Patokan Village community with a sharia-based approach. BUMDes is an economic institution established in villages to manage local potential and improve community welfare. In the context of Patokan Village, the application of sharia principles in BUMDes management is important given that the majority of the population is Muslim. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method, with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the BUMDes of Patokan Village has contributed positively to the village economy, especially through the savings and loan, livestock, and agriculture business units. However, there are still some obstacles, such as a lack of capital, skills, and community participation. The application of sharia in BUMDes management also provides additional benefits, such as increased community trust and avoidance of usury. This research is expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions in the development of a sharia-based BUMDes management model, which is more effective in supporting the welfare of village communities.
Book Review: Peacemaking & Peacebuilding in South Africa: The National Peace Accord, 1991-1994
Authors:   European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), Sithole Neo
Published: August 2024

In her book, Reverend Dr. Liz Carmichael unpacks the events, personalities, and socio-cultural, political, and economic realities during South Africa’s peace and transition negotiations from 1990 to 1998. She details the challenges faced by the country’s early popular mass movements and provides insights into the Manichean divide between political organizations. Through a reflective lens, Carmichael addresses the often-overlooked high emotions, ethnic-based societal cleavages, and split-second decisions that characterized the politics of the time. Crucially, the work demonstrates that the discussions surrounding the National Peace Accord were vital not only for bringing a decisive end to the political violence of that period but also for other significant reasons.
Penyelesaian Sengketa Ekonomi Syariah Berdasarkan Peraturan Undang-Undang
Authors: Adila Hafidah Ulya , Oyo Sunaryo Mukhlas  , Ramdani Wahyu Sururie
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana hukum mengatur penyelesaian sengketa ekonomi syariah. Dalam penelitian ini, metode kualitatif yang dikombinasikan dengan pendekatan deskriptif digunakan oleh  peneliti. dengan menerapkan proses penelitian kepustakaan, atau studi literatur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sengketa ekonomi syariah didefinisikan sebagai perselisihan mengenai hak atau kepentingan antara dua atau lebih entitas ekonomi yang operasionalnya dijalankan sesuai dengan hukum ekonomi syariah. Sengketa ini dapat berdampak negatif pada kemampuan kedua belah pihak untuk melakukan bisnis dan bahkan mengakibatkan hukuman bagi salah satu pihak. Berikut ini adalah peraturan-peraturan yang mengatur tentang sengketa ekonomi syariah: UU No. 30 tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa mengatur kewenangan lembaga arbitrase untuk menyelesaikan sengketa. Pengadilan Agama memiliki kewenangan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa ekonomi syariah dengan disahkannya UU No. 3 tahun 2006. Ada dua pendekatan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa ekonomi syariah: opsi non-litigasi melibatkan penyelesaian sengketa alternatif (ADR), atau penyelesaian konflik di luar pengadilan. Di sisi lain, penyelesaian sengketa berbasis litigasi menunjukkan bahwa perselisihan diselesaikan melalui sistem hukum. Masalah hukum yang berkaitan dengan ekonomi Syariah yang diselesaikan melalui pengadilan dapat diajukan sebagai gugatan biasa atau gugatan pokok.
Loitering munitions – un posibil „game changer” în războiul viitorului
Authors:   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”, NISTORESCU Claudiu Valer
Published: August 2024

While the nature of warfare remains constant, it is important to acknowledge that its character is evolving due to the influence of new technologies and weapon systems. Recent armed conflicts, such as those in Nagorno-Karabakh, Ukraine, and the Gaza Strip, highlight the importance of technology in military operations’ planning and execution, as well as the need to integrate new technologies and weapon systems within the existing military capabilities in order to enhance their effectiveness.
Loitering munitions, also known as “kamikaze drones” or “suicide drones”, are new and versatile weapons that are increasingly used in both conventional and unconventional military confrontations. Military organizations show growing interest in the opportunities and benefits of using these new capabilities. In this context, we aim to investigate the integration of these capabilities into land operations, with a focus on their potential to shape future battlefields and warfare. The study topic is of interest to military planners, military commanders, and defence decision-makers.
O analiză comparată a teoriilor militare ale lui Clausewitz și Liddell Hart și a aplicabilității acestora în războiul modern: perspective din Sri Lanka și Ucraina
Authors:   Institutul pentru Drept, Politici și Dezvoltare, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Pisa, Italia, AMARASINGHE Punsara
Published: August 2024

The celebrated idea of Prussian war strategist Carl von Clausewitz regarding conventional warfare played a dominant role up to the First World War in the West. In his seminal work “On War”, Clausewitz posits: “If you want to overcome your enemy, you must match your efforts against the power of resistance!” In a way, his idea was akin to annihilating the enemy’s army in major battles. However, this idea was challenged by British military strategist Basil Henry Liddell Hart in his book, titled “The Strategy”, by proposing a different military theory called “Indirect Approach”. The objective of this paper is based on making a comparative analysis between Clausewitz and Liddell Hart regarding the utility of their military theories in modern warfare. While taking a methodology based on a comparative analysis of the utility of the two doctrines, this paper explores the effectiveness of those military strategies against the current asymmetries in modern warfare. To buttress the reliability of this research, the examples from the Ukrainian war and the Sri Lankan civil war between 1990 and 2009 will be examined. The main objectivity of this paper lies in creating a novel discussion on the merits and demerits of Clausewitz and Basil Liddell Hart’s theories of war in contemporary warfare. The results emerging from this research will demonstrate the relevance of re-reading both Clausewitz and Liddell Hart in an era where the orthodox idea of warfare is at stake.
Reziliența societală ca infrastructură critică intangibilă
Authors:   Academia Forțelor Aeriene „Henri Coandă”, Brașov, LESENCIUC Adrian
Published: August 2024

The concept of societal resilience – the central concept of the National Defence Strategy – is, to a certain degree, not only semantically, but especially pragmatically ambiguous, as the concept has not been operationalised in the literature, on the one hand, and the state societal resilience, implementable through formal, non-formal and informal education, has not benefitted from adequate levers for application, on the other hand. The recent educational reform, achieved through the two laws, on pre-university education and on higher education, adopted in 2023, does not directly contribute to societal resilience. Under these circumstances, of an inadequately designed security education and of a pragmatic ambiguity of the strategy, which means that the communication intentions (obligation, recommendation, suggestion) are not clarified, it is necessary to exceed the classical normative framework that regulates the national educational system and to design the education-resilience binomial as critical national infrastructure. Resilience, coming from the field of safety culture studies, can be considered intangible critical infrastructure, which needs a tangible system defined or possibly defined in the Romanian legislation regarding critical infrastructure, so that it can trigger the mechanism for implementing the projection of the National Defence Strategy. The present article contributes to the identification of possible projective directions of the education-resilience binomial as critical infrastructure.
Terorismul și crima organizată – amenințările secolului XXI la adresa infrastructurilor critice. O analiză privind motivațiile și modus operandi
Authors:   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”, BUȚĂ Ionuț-Cosmin
Published: August 2024

In today’s world, where globalization has led to the emergence of various state and non-state actors, including sub-national ones, with differing interests and motivations that often conflict with one another, the provision of essential services such as transportation, electricity, drinking water, medical and digital services, and others is of critical importance to contemporary society. About half a decade ago, when the critical infrastructures that provide these services were built, threats to them, such as terrorism, organized crime, asymmetrical or hybrid ones, were almost non-existent and not as much of a concern to the critical entities responsible for protecting them. The present research is intended to carry out an analysis of two threats to critical infrastructures – terrorism and organized crime, with the aim of identifying their typology, the effects they produce, the method of operation employed by the non-state actors that conduct such activities. The article’s findings have demonstrated that ideological, political, and religious motivations of terrorist organizations, as well as the financial motivations of organized crime hold special significance as they yield effects in the modus operandi of these entities and also shape the response of law enforcement authorities.
Utilitatea metodei scenariului în înțelegerea achizițiilor publice derulate în teatrele de operații
Authors:   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”, NICOARĂ Gabriela-Florina , NICOARĂ Nicolae ,   Comandamentul Forțelor Întrunite
Published: August 2024

Currently, operational logistics is a significant challenge: to resupply Romanian forces located in various theatres around the world. Involvement in an international mission is contingent not solely on the mission’s nature or the structures of the assumed forces but also on the requisites and logistical capabilities for supplying goods and services within the designated area. The international security environment is challenging. Political tension, military conflicts and economic problems have intensified security concerns. In this context, organizing the procurement processes efficiently is a major preoccupation for specialists. Moreover, the legal framework for public procurement opens up room for different issues. Given the multinational context and specific procurement regulations, the execution of procurements within operational theatres is exposed to distinct challenges compared to those encountered in the national territory. In this complex and ambiguous environment, understanding the legal means of addressing challenges in the procurement field is desirable. Moreover, considering the importance of procuring goods and services to achieve the mission goal, a proficient procurement specialist is a crucial asset. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to demonstrate that Scenario-Based Learning could be transformed into a useful tool for preparing future specialists in procurement.
O perspectivă istorică asupra infrastructurii cazărmilor din România: evoluția și actualizarea normelor de construcție
Authors:   Direcția domenii și infrastructuri, Ministerul Apărării Naționale, SEGAL Adina
Published: August 2024

The article presents the evolution of the military infrastructure in Romania from the 19th century to the present, focusing on the transformations in military construction regulations and the organization of design and construction activities. With the establishment of the standing armed forces, the technical norms for the construction of buildings and the principles for the barracks layout were defined and architects developed standard projects to speed up construction and minimize costs. The regulations have been adapted over time, following the evolution of the armed forces and military technologies. In the context of the significant increase in the Ministry of National Defence real estate investments in recent years, in order to align with the best international practices, updating the technical infrastructure norms with specifications regarding all types of spaces in the barracks has become timely and necessary. This study is based on the analysis of military regulations and specialized literature to investigate the evolution of the military infrastructure in Romania, thereby contributing to a better understanding of the current context. In conclusion, the article proposes an action plan for updating the technical norms, as well as a list of objectives regarding the content of these norms.
A Comparative Analysis of Clausewitz and Liddell Hart’s Military Theories and their Applicability in Modern Warfare: Insights from Sri Lanka and Ukraine
Authors:   Institutul pentru Drept, Politici și Dezvoltare, Scuola Superiore Sant Anna, Pisa, Italia, AMARASINGHE Punsara
Published: August 2024

The celebrated idea of Prussian war strategist Carl von Clausewitz regarding conventional warfare played a dominant role up to the First World War in the West. In his seminal work “On War”, Clausewitz posits: “If you want to overcome your enemy, you must match your efforts against the power of resistance!” In a way, his idea was akin to annihilating the enemy’s army in major battles. However, this idea was challenged by British military strategist Basil Henry Liddell Hart in his book, titled “The Strategy”, by proposing a different military theory called “Indirect Approach”. The objective of this paper is based on making a comparative analysis between Clausewitz and Liddell Hart regarding the utility of their military theories in modern warfare. While taking a methodology based on a comparative analysis of the utility of the two doctrines, this paper explores the effectiveness of those military strategies against the current asymmetries in modern warfare. To buttress the reliability of this research, the examples from the Ukrainian war and the Sri Lankan civil war between 1990 and 2009 will be examined. The main objectivity of this paper lies in creating a novel discussion on the merits and demerits of Clausewitz and Basil Liddell Hart’s theories of war in contemporary warfare. The results emerging from this research will demonstrate the relevance of re-reading both Clausewitz and Liddell Hart in an era where the orthodox idea of warfare is at stake.
Societal Resilience as Intangible Critical Infrastructure
Authors:   Academia Forțelor Aeriene „Henri Coandă”, Brașov, LESENCIUC Adrian
Published: August 2024

The concept of societal resilience – the central concept of the National Defence Strategy – is, to a certain degree, not only semantically, but especially pragmatically ambiguous, as the concept has not been operationalised in the literature, on the one hand, and the state societal resilience, implementable through formal, non-formal and informal education, has not benefitted from adequate levers for application, on the other hand. The recent educational reform, achieved through the two laws, on pre-university education and on higher education, adopted in 2023, does not directly contribute to societal resilience. Under these circumstances, of an inadequately designed security education and of a pragmatic ambiguity of the strategy, which means that the communication intentions (obligation, recommendation, suggestion) are not clarified, it is necessary to exceed the classical normative framework that regulates the national educational system and to design the education-resilience binomial as critical national infrastructure. Resilience, coming from the field of safety culture studies, can be considered intangible critical infrastructure, which needs a tangible system defined or possibly defined in the Romanian legislation regarding critical infrastructure, so that it can trigger the mechanism for implementing the projection of the National Defence Strategy. The present article contributes to the identification of possible projective directions of the education-resilience binomial as critical infrastructure.
Democratic Civilian Control over the Armed Forces in the Context of the Aspirations of the Republic of Moldova to Join the European Union
Authors:   Universitatea de Stat din Moldova; Institutul de Cercetări Juridice, Politice și Sociologice, Chișinău, Republica Moldova, MARINUȚA Vitalie
Published: August 2024

Based on the experience of other countries, in the current context of regional security, the enhanced relations with NATO, and the status of candidate country for EU membership, the Republic of Moldova has to pay increased attention to its security and defence. It includes not only increasing budget allocations for the defence sector, professionalizing the armed forces or participating with troops alongside other European countries in various theatres of operations, but also ensuring institutional transparency and rigorous implementation of EU standards of civilian democratic control over the armed forces. The effectiveness of democratic civilian control will contribute to enhancing national security and will bring the Republic of Moldova closer to the European community. This article briefly discusses the evolution of democratic civilian control over the armed forces of the Republic of Moldova from a theoretical and practical point of view and sets up some recommendations.
Pengaruh Variasi Nilai mA (Mili Ampere) dan s (Second) yang Berbeda Dengan Nilai mAs yang Sama Terhadap Paparan Medik yang Diterima Pasien
Authors: Maritje S. J. Malisngorar  , Ira Sandi Tunny  , Amelia Niwele  , Akhmadi Rini Hatma Rusli  , Iksan Soumena  , Bambang Ariyanto
Published: August 2024

This study aims to find out how to measure exposure dose medical techniques which accepted the patients with a variety of ma and s at the same mas value and the effect of variations in the value of mili ampere and second different with the same mas value to medical exposure dose received by patients. This type of study is an observational descriptive with the approach of the experimental or trial. using gauges medic exposure dose, x-ray multimeter with research indicator mili ampere and second are different but the same mas. From these results it can be concluded the highest medical exposure dose received by patients is the variation of 200 ma and 0.05 s with a dose value of 5.533 mgy / s. this is due to the amount of flow tube (ma). it can be concluded that the greater ma is used, the greater the dose the patient received medical.
Դվին-Երանոս նորահայտ դամբարանադաշտի 2020թ. պեղումների նախնական արդյունքները / INITIAL RESULTS OF THE EXCAVATIONS IN 2020
OF THE NEWLY DISCOVERED DVIN-YERANOS BURIAL GROUND
Authors: SIMONYAN MELINE
Published: August 2024

Dvin-Yeranos burial ground is 13 km north of Dvin village, on the slope of a massif called "Yeranos Mountains", on a plateau 1600 m above sea level, which is bordered on the east by a gorge. The ancient site stretches along the plateau. In 2020 we conducted the first field studies here. Three tombs were excavated from the eastern edge of the burial ground, on the road leading to the gorge. Ceramics, remains of decayed skeletons, jewelry and other items were found in the tombs. Rectangular structures were also found in the area of the burial ground, which have not been studied yet. The finds from the tombs date back to the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age. Some of the finds are already on display in the exhibition halls of the Erebuni Museum. The size of the burial ground will probably increase in the near future, after a more detailed study.
Մի նոր սրբավայր Արգիշթիխինիլիում / The newly appeared sanctuary in Argishtikhinili
Authors: Hmayakyan Simon
Published: August 2024

We are thankful to Harutyun Martirosyan for our knowledge about two large Urartian towns in Ararat valley: Argishtikhinili and Teishebaini. Argishtikhinili was the town with two fortresses. Both fortresses were large religious centers and still remain holy places. In 2019 a structure of cult character was opened accidentally between two fortresses of Argishtikhinili, which was studied by the expedition of Nor Armavir of the Institute of Archaeology and ethnography. The structure was defined as iarani – “cult postament” and dated back to the VII-VI centuries BC.
Մարդու պատկերով նորահայտ տապանաքարեր Նուռնուսում / NEWLY APPEARED GRAVESTONES
With an anthropomorphic IMAGE IN NURNUS
Authors: NALBANDYAN ARMAN
Published: August 2024

The excavations carried out in 2018 by the state program of the RA Ministry of Culture in the territory of Nurnus Church gave satisfactory results, both from the architectural and archaeological point of view. In the eastern and southern parts, the walls of the church were opened upto the ground (in other parts it was not possible because of the rocks and tombstones near the walls). Layers rich in archaeological materials were examined as a result of excavations, from which a large number of pottery fragments, oil lamps, coins, khachkar (cross-tones) pedestals and tombstones were found. The opening of the walls and floor of the church porch located to the west was of great importance, in the interior of which a large number of flat gravestones were discovered. Some of them bear a depiction of human beings, moreover, in all three cases there are other details of face, necklaces, etc. The present list also encompasses a gravestone with no depictions, only inscriptions are present on it. One more gravestone with the outline depiction of human being was found on the south-east of the church, the inside of which is covered with zigzag patterns.
These newly discovered tombstones enrich our understandings of medieval tombstone culture and complete the series of gravestones known to us so far, with a few remarkable specimens.