bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Jet Noise Reduction on Separated Exhaust System Using Chevron Nozzles
Authors: Shao Wan Ren , Xu Xi Hai , He Jing Yu , Wu Fei
Published: December 2014

The jet noise reduction of chevron nozzles was investigated on high bypass ratio turbofan engine separated exhaust system using both computational predictions and scale model experiments. Six different exhaust nozzles are designed including one baseline nozzle and five different chevron nozzles. The jet noise experiments were carried out in the anechoic chamber. Tam and Auriault’s jet noise prediction theory and MGBK theory were used to predict the noise spectra of different exhaust nozzles. The results show that the far-field noise spectra as well as the noise reduction benefits of chevrons are predicted correctly by the two theories although some discrepancies occur at the high frequency range, and Tam and Auriault’s jet noise theory can give relatively more accurate prediction results. chevron nozzles reduce jet noise at the low frequencies, but increase it at high frequencies.
Application Analysis of Smart Sensor Node Based on Data Mining Association Technology
Authors: Wang Yue , Lu Tian Jun
Published: December 2014

Smart sensor has the following three advantages: realize the information acquisition of high precision and low cost, it relates to the micro mechanical and microelectronic, signal processing and computer technology. The purpose of data mining is to discover knowledge. Knowledge of association rules mining aims to find out the related information hidden in the database. The paper presents application analysis of smart sensor node based on data mining association technology. Experimental results show the proposed methodology has advantages in the management of the intelligent node.
Visualization of the near Field Microscopic Spray Structure in Diesel Engine
Authors: Gao Zhi Sheng , Wang Qian , Wu Yu Qiang , He Zhi Xia , Dai Li Ming
Published: December 2014

Based on the high speed camera combined with a microscopic lens the near-nozzle spray surface structure and flow characteristics of the high pressure diesel fuel jet were investigated. During the steady period of the spray development, the periodically undulatory structure was observed at the circular direction of the jet at the near nozzle area at the injection pressure of 5MPa. The atomization of the spray improved and the periodical structure was veiled by fine droplets at higher injection pressure of 40MPa. During the closing period of the nozzle lift, the spiraling shape was also observed along the surface of the fuel jet which indicates the internal helical flow characteristic.
Effect of Nb Content on the Impact Toughness of Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone of Pipeline Steels under Large Heat Input
Authors: Zhou Feng , Gao Zhou , Wu Kai Ming
Published: December 2014

The effect of large heat inputs (200 kJ/cm) on the microstructures and toughness of heat-affected zone of Nb microalloyed X70 pipeline steels were simulated utilizing Gleeble-3800. The microstructures were observed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope and electron backscattered diffraction technique. Results showed that when the large heat input welding was applied, big austenite grains and coarse microstructures were formed in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone, and thus the toughness of the coarse-grained heat-affected zone was seriously reduced. With the increase of Nb content, the toughness of the CGHAZ did not change remarkably under the large heat input welding.
Characterization of Zirconia Sizing Nozzle Modifying Addictives Preparated by Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Zhao Liang , Xue Qun Hu , Ding Dong Hai
Published: December 2014

MgO-Al2O3-ZrO2composite powders with 3 kinds of mass ratio were synthesized by sol–gel method using MgCl2·6H2O, AlCl3·6H2O and ZrOCl2·8H2O as starting materials, and NH3·H2O as a precipitant. The composite powders which match with zirconium oxide particle size and evenly distribute can are advantageous to the formation of metastable t-ZrO2and restrain the grain growth as the additive of modified sizing nozzle. Chemical composition, mineral phase, particle size distribution and micro-morphology of the composite powders were investigated by X-ray fluorescence instrument, X-ray diffractometer, laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope. Research showed that under the process that the concentration of MgCl2solution 0.2 mol/L, AlCl3and ZrOCl2solution concentration 0.5 mol/L, the pH controlled between 10 ~ 11, PEG as the surfactant, drying at 70°C±5°C, heat treatment temperature at 800°C for 3h, particle size distribution of MgO-Al2O3-ZrO2composite powders were: d10= 1.28 μm, d50= 4.65μm, d90= 11.13μm (MgO 10%); d10= 1.15μm, d50= 5.80μm, d90= 15.13μm (MgO 15%);d10= 1.21μm, d50= 6.59μm, d90= 16.87μm (MgO 20%). With the rising of heat treatment temperature, the crystallization degree of composite powders increased, at 800 °C a small amount of t - ZrO2precipitated, meanwhile MgO and Al2O3are still in the amorphous phase. The MgO-A12O3-ZrO2composite powders under this condition have high reactivity and uniform distribution.
Online Homework Correcting Integrate System Based on ASP.NET
Authors: Zhao Dong Ming , Zhu Kai Feng
Published: December 2014

Online homework correcting system based on ASP.NET is an online homework correcting system based on B/S mode, which can provide online work service for teachers and students to improve school teaching level. The characteristics of the system are making the traditional pattern of homework assignments and correcting networked, strengthening the connection between teacher and student, and also improving the teaching efficiency. How to use ASP.NET technology to build an online job submission and the process of correcting system, this article discusses the concept and characteristics of B/S mode, the superiority of ASP.NET and the analysis of general homework system. The system mainly completes the homework uploading and the teacher corrects for homework, it has high stability and simple operation.
Wireless Sensor Network Link Selection Algorithm with Bayesian Technique
Authors: Luo Lai Jun , Ren Hai Ping
Published: December 2014

In wireless sensor networks, traditional link selection algorithm needs lots of data packages as testing samples, but the nodes of WSN are battery-powered, so the energy is extremely limited. To overcome this shortcoming, the aim of this paper is to propose three new link selection algorithms based the concept of Bayesian approach. Simulation results demonstrate that the three algorithms based on Bayesian approach have a higher success rate than empirical-algorithm by about 10 percent in selecting the highest quality link with the case of small samples. Among them, BSLA-EB has a good adaptability and it can get better experimental results.
Development and Application of Information Technology in University Basketball Network Courses
Authors: Wang Ke Fei
Published: December 2014

Based on the university basketball teaching theory and practice,combined with module design theory.Using literature studies,surveys,interviews,computer network design and software development,testing feedback methods designed modern colleges.basketball network teaching courses.The system includes basketball theoretical teaching resource library,basketball skills teaching resource library, basketball learning online forums, basketball sports injuries advisory system and system maintenance updates five modules. Expounded the issue of the system design, key technologies, modules and functional design,running instances and so on. Research and development of the system provided a good network platform for the college basketball training,so make the existing basketball teaching and training network, made the quality of teaching to improve and enhance.
A Mixed Method of Storing OWL Objects in Relational Database
Authors: Gan Quan , Wang Hui
Published: December 2014

Based on the analysis of several methods of storing OWL object in relational database, this paper presents a new method, namely storing the instances of each kind of object and attribute in a database table, and using views in the database to express relationships among the objects. Experiments prove that this method is applicable for moderate amount of storage of OWL objects.
Research on the Application of Learning Analytics on Information Teaching Platform of Secondary Vocational School in Big Data Era
Authors: Tu Wei , Gan Li Xin , Zhang Xiang Qing
Published: December 2014

Big data has affected all walks of life including colleges and universities. The field of Secondary Vocational School has collected and stored vast amounts of educational data. In this paper, Learning Analytics is applied to information teaching platform of Secondary Vocational School based on Hadoop cloud platform. It can mine and use educational big data quickly and effectively, to improve teaching quality and meet the demand of individual learning for secondary vocational school students.
Research on the Virtualization Construction of University Data Center Server Based on VMware vSphere
Authors: Li Chun Yu
Published: December 2014

With the rapid development of university information construction, a wide variety of applications have been increasing, resulting in the increase of the number of servers. Thus the traditional data center management has become more complicated and heavier. This paper presents the construction of virtualization system of the university data center server based on VMware vSphere technology to improve IT utilization as well as to reduce the costs and the burden of the server staff.
Information System Construction in Higher Vocational Education
Authors: Zhang Qiang
Published: December 2014

This paper is to design and implement the MVC design pattern of teaching management system based on. The entire system in the design and implementation process is based on object-oriented thinking, using the ASP.NET MVC framework technology, system design with clear ideas, software reusability is high. Based on the establishment and application of teachers teaching management system for college teachers can provide an information management platform in the teaching environment.
A Graph-Based Image Segmentation Algorithm
Authors: Qiang He Qun , Qian Chun Hua , Gong Sheng Rong
Published: December 2014

According to the problem that classical graph-based image segmentation algorithms are not robust to segmentation of texture image. We propose a novel segmentation algorithm that GBCTRS, which overcame the shortcoming of existed graph-based segmentation algorithms N-cut and EGBIS. It extract feature vector of blocks using color-texture feature, calculate weight between each block using the neighborhood relationship, use minimum spanning tree method to clustering segmentation. The experimental show that the new algorithm is more efficient and robust to segment texture image and strong edges image.
A Computation Methods for Analysis on the Effect of Stock Market and its Application
Authors: Ma Zhan Xin , Zhao En Yang , Lv Xi Ming , Ma Zhi Min
Published: December 2014

As a barometer of the macroeconomic of a country and an important part of the capital market, stock market has attracted increasing and highlighted attention. As is well-known, Chinese stock market is known as 'policy market', however, the issue about whether the stock market is really influenced by these policies is always an important and hot topic. In this paper, by using generalized data envelopment analysis, an analysis on the effect of the new policies carried out in May 2012 is provided based on closing price, Tobin Q, circulation market value, turnover rate, and return on assets. Based on the above results, it can show the effect of stock market policies on Chinese Economy.
Research on Digital Library Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: Chen Xiao Wen
Published: December 2014

In recent years, the development of digital libraries also encountered a lot of problems, the cloud computing was applied to digital libraries can solve the problem of information on demand and optimal scheduling of resources and transaction processing capabilities effectively, So as to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of resource of digital library and information security. From the digital library of cloud computing and personalized information services status in this paper, the study and found a problem about the digital library information services at this stage, let the virtualization cloud computing, the key technology of distributed data storage, massive data processing and cloud platforms used in building digital library of personalized information service with cloud platform, and deployment cloud services on the platform.
Zein: A Novel Porogen for the Preparation of PVDF Porous Membrane
Authors: Xuan Hui Xia , He Chun Ju
Published: December 2014

Zein as the hydrophobic porogen was used to prepare the PVDF porous membrane, ATR demonstrate that zein can be washed away conveniently and no existed in membrane bulk. Compared to the reference PVDF membrane, Mechanical strength of modified PVDF membrane is improved and the water flux increase triple due to the large number of micro-sized pore structure on the membrane surface. Zein can be used for the preparation of hydrophobic porous membrane.
Improved Antifouling Property of PVDF Membranes with Crosslinked PEG
Authors: Xuan Hui Xia , He Chun Ju
Published: December 2014

In order to increase antifouling ability of PVDF membrane, crosslinking PEG as antifouling medium in membrane bulk was studied. PEG with different moleculer weight were crosslinked in membrane solution with TMC as crosslinking agent, ATR demonstrated crosslinked PEG were retained in membrane bulk and surface wetting property was improved with contact angle characterization. According to the dynamic fouling test of BSA solution, the PVDF-T1000 membrane exhibited the best antifouling ability with the FRR value as high as 90%.
Pull-In Behavior of Carbon Nanotubes in Networks
Authors: Wang Sheng Tao , Chen Yu Li , Zhao Chong
Published: December 2014

The pull-in behavior of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which is the sudden increase in the deflection of two interacting CNTs, affects the properties of CNT networks significantly, and thus becomes an important subject in applications. In this paper, an energy-based analysis is carried out to predict the pull-in behavior as well as the critical pull-in distance between two interacting CNTs, and the results agree well with the subsequent atomistic simulations. Furthermore, the factors that affect the critical pull-in distance are also investigated. It is found that the length and diameter of CNTs and space angle between CNTs affect the critical pull-in distance significantly: the critical pull-in distance increases almost linearly with the increasing CNT length and decreasing CNT diameter, and the parallel CNTs have a much higher critical pull-in distance than the non-parallel CNTs. Besides, the chirality of CNTs has a little influence, and when the two CNTs are both zigzag and armchair, the critical pull-in distance is higher than the CNTs with other chiralities due to their stronger commensurability effect. The method and results in this paper will provide nanoscale reference for the design and optimization of CNT-based nanomaterials and nanodevices.
Research on Applied Equipment in Sport Teaching Based on Fiber-Reinforced Composites
Authors: Gao Li
Published: December 2014

Fiber-reinforced composites have many advantages for many different fields. As for sport teaching, it is also closely connected with fiber-reinforced composites. The paper studies the advantages of fiber-reinforced composites as well as applied equipments to be used in sport teaching. Traditional mode of sports education emphasizes that PE teachers train learners to learn a skill and guide them how to win the game. Rarely do they involve how to guide them to make full use of different tools of different materials to achieve their goals. However, with the advance of information technology, college learners have more freedom to make their choices, which makes sports education in universities and colleges more challenging. This essay is to study the function and effects of applied equipment in sport teaching based on fiber-reinforced composites.
Synthesis and Properties of 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazole)-2-(2-methyl-(5-ethynyl)-3-thienyl)perfluorocyclopentene
Authors: Cai Mei Li , Tian Zhao Yan , Cui Shi Qiang , Pu Shou Zhi
Published: December 2014

A new photochromic diarylethene of 1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxazole)-2- (2-methyl-(5-ethynyl)-3-thienyl) perfluorocyclopentene (1o) was synthesized. Its photochromic and fluorescence properties were investigated systematically. Upon irradiation with UV light with the extended response time, the diarylethene underwent a ring opening reaction to produce closed forms and color change in solution. The results showed the compound exhibited good photochromism in hexane solution. The kinetic experiments showed that the cyclization and cycloreversion processes were zeroth and first order reaction, respectively. Moreover, diarylethene1oalso exhibited obviously fluorescence switches along with the photochromism.
Development of New Composite Materials for Rapid Tooling Using Fused Deposition Modelling
Authors: Garg Harish Kumar , Singh Rupinder
Published: December 2014

The impact of Rapid Prototyping (RP) on the future engineering and manufacturing will undoubtedly be widespread .It has variety of applications which include the manufacture of prototypes know as rapid prototyping, tool cores and cavities know as rapid tooling and in the manufacture of patterns for a range of casting processes known as rapid casting. In the proposed research work, fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique of RP will be used for development of a tool for direct application using Rapid tooling. The research work includes development of new hybrid feedstock filament of Fe – Nylon6 composite material for the FDM machine which will be suitable for the machine in its existing setup. The feedstock filament will have the desired mechanical thermal and rheological properties as desired for Rapid Tooling applications. The proposed feedstock material will be ferromagnetic in nature and can find wide application in industrial applications.
Study the Surface Characteristics of Cryogenically Treated Tool-Electrodes in Powder Mixed Electric Discharge Machining Process
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Singh Rupinder , Batish Ajay , Singh T.P.
Published: December 2014

The present experimental study has been focused to evaluate surface characteristics of cryogenically-treated (shallow/deep) tool-electrodes using powder mixed electric discharge machining. Due to the continuously growing demand of complex and precise parts, tool-electrodes have its own importance, because quality of the machined parts depends upon the surface quality of electrode. On the analogy, eighteen experiments were performed based on L18orthogonal array of Taguchi’s methodology, which consist eight input parameters. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to designate the level of significance of input parameters. Electrode material has maximum influence followed by the current and pulse on-time on electrode finish. The combination of optimum factor’s level of identified parameters was determined using Taguchi’s technique for single response. Confirmation experiments were conducted using suggested optimal parameters with its respective level to minimize the tool-electrode surface roughness. Surface characteristics of tool-electrodes were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrograph (EDS) followed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) on selected samples. The results exposed that significant material transfer from workpiece and powder mixed dielectric fluid in compound form on the tool surface.
Modeling of Dimensional Accuracy in Three Dimensional Printing for Light Alloy Casting
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Singh Rupinder , Ahuja Inderpreet Singh
Published: December 2014

The purpose of this paper is to develop mathematical model to investigate the influence of shell casting parameters. Three input parameters such as shell wall thickness (SWT), Pouring temperature (PT) and weight density (WD) were selected to give output in the form of average outer diameter (AOD) as dimensional accuracy. After identification of component, technological prototypes were produced. In this work three dimensional printing (3DP) has been used as rapid shell casting to make shell mould by using Zcast 501 powder with different shell wall thickness for six different light alloy materials. Measurements on a coordinate-measuring machine helped in calculating the dimensional tolerances of the castings produced. For obtaining tight casting tolerances the dimensional accuracy of component is the most important element. The thickness, curing time and orientation of the shell molds, play an important role in providing a high quality of the cast part in time. The dimensional accuracy was found to be more in the case of maximum layer thickness and horizontal position of the component. The investigation has led to conclusions as the Quadratic models were developed for the response. The F - value is 23.93, which implies that the model as well as lack of fit is significant. The value of Prob > F is less then the standard value 0.05, which indicates model terms are significant. With the help of Post curing, shell Mold temperature was not found to affect the dimensional accuracy of the castings, significantly. It was observed that high pouring temperatures also produced castings with better dimensional accuracy. This study will provide main effect of the inputs on average outer diameter as dimensional accuracy in three dimensional printing of light alloys castings. Statistically in this case B, C, A2, B2, C2, AB, BC is the model terms which contributes significantly to the model developed for dimensional accuracy.
Investigations for Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Investment Casting: A Case Study
Authors: Kumar Parlad , Singh Rupinder , Ahuja I.P.S.
Published: December 2014

Conventional investment casting is one of the old manufacturing processes. It involves expensive tooling for making sacrificial wax patterns to make ceramic moulds. However, with the emergence of rapid prototyping technologies, now it is possible to make and use plastic patterns instead of wax patterns along with some advantages. In this paper, plastic patterns have been prepared by using fused deposition modeling and used for investment casting process. A case study has been discussed to make a biomedical implant by the hybridization of fused deposition modeling with investment casting. Dimensional accuracy, surface finish and hardness of the casted biomedical implants have been tested and reported.
Strengthening Mobility for Better Learning
Authors: Valiulis Algirdas Vaclovas , Bučinskas Vytautas , Toločka Eligijus
Published: December 2014

In a modern environment, during the evolution of international activities, from mobility to international education hubs, universities are searching for new internationalization tools to implement those undertakings more effectively in terms of finance and time. Co-operation with other regions of the world and international openness are the key factors in the development of the European Higher Education Area. To illustrate the situation arising from student mobility of studying technological sciences, the paper analyses information about student mobility in the fields of mechanical engineering and mechatronics for the period 2009–2013.
Classic and Nonclassic Methods in Synthesis of the Transverse Vibrating Mechatronic Systems
Authors: Buchacz Andrzej
Published: December 2014

In the paper, the modeling and analysis of mechanical subsystem of vibrating continuous-discrete mechatronic system have been presented. This approach was established to nominate the relevance or irrelevance between the characteristics obtained by considered methods – especially concerning the relevance of the natural frequencies-poles of characteristics of beam as the subsystem of mechatronic one. At the beginning of the approach, the modeling and frequency – modal analysis of simply beam as the subsystem of vibrating mechatronic system with constant cross sections are presented. It is the research limitation, that linear continuous transverse vibrating beam is considered (Eg. [1, 2]. Findings of this approach is a fact, that approximate solutions fulfill all conditions for only subsystem, that means vibrating beams, modeled by graphs & hypergraphs and analyzed by different category structural numbers as well [3–5, 6]. Practical implication of this study is that the main point is the introduction to synthesis of transverse vibrating continuous-discrete mechatronic systems.
Study on the Thermal Stability of Selected Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kaldonski Tomasz Jan , Cudzilo Stanislaw
Published: December 2014

Some results of tests of the thermal stability (and volatility) of selected ionic liquids pondered as lubricating substances in comparison with typical lubricating, mineral and synthetic oils, are presented in the article. The research was carried out within the framework of PBR/15–249/2007/WAT–OR00002904 Research Project Financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, during 2007–2011 [1]. The obtained results confirmed high thermal resistance of ionic liquids. It makes it possible to use the liquids as high temperature lubricating substances. At the same time, it has been stated that the thermal resistance of ionic liquids depends on the composition and chemical structure of anion and cation.
Recurrence Contribution to Determining the Wear of Slide Bearings
Authors: Wierzcholski Krzysztof , Miszczak Andrzej
Published: December 2014

Numerous problems of numerical calculations occurring in power-train tribology and transport concerning the process of determining the problems of worn out bearings demand more and more information referring to the anticipation of the wear of slide bearings in the succeeding years of machine operations. Therefore, the paper presents the methods for working towards solutions to some specific classes of second and higher order non-homogeneous recurrence equations with variable coefficients occurring in the hydrodynamic theory of the problems dealing with bearing wear. Contrary to linear recurrence equations with constant coefficients, linear recurrence equations with variable coefficients rarely have analytical solutions. Numerical answers to such equations are always practicable. With reference to a large number of analytical methods for solutions to linear recurrence equations with variable coefficients, three research directions are usually followed.The first one depends upon the successive determination of particular linear independent solutions to the considered recurrence equation. The second direction can be characterized by a reduction in the order of the recurrence equation for obtaining the first order always solved recurrence equation. The third direction of solutions to recurrence equations with variable coefficients contains the methods for analytical solutions by means of a summation factor.The majority of the general methods of analytical solutions to linear recurrence equations with variable coefficients constitute the adaptation of the methods applied in solutions to suitable differential equations. As regards the final conclusions, the application of the theory presented in this paper contains numerical solutions referring to the wear values of the slide journal-bearing system in the indicated period of operating time.
The Influence of the Angular Position of the Laser Triangular Head on the Readings of the Measurement System
Authors: Zbrowski Andrzej , Matecki Krzysztof
Published: December 2014

The article presents the methodology, test stand and results of noncontact tests conducted using a laser sensor-equipped system for measuring displacement. The tests were carried out in an attempt to determine the sensitivity of the measurement system to the angular position of the sensor against the surface onto which the laser spot was projected. The scope of investigations constitutes a crucial problem dealing with the determination of tolerance of assembling a laser head in the measurement system for a laser penetrometer used for examining substance consistence. The tests were executed in the measurement range between 5 and 50 mm taking into account 5 angular positions of the laser sensor. The readings of the laser head were referred to the value of displacements adjusted with the use of a micrometric head. In the case of the tested system, the dispersion of measurement deviations was estimated as a function of the measured distance.
Effect of the Concentration of the Magnetic Particles in the Ferrooil on its Dynamic’s Viscosity Changes in an External Magnetic Field
Authors: Frycz Marcin , Horak Wojciech
Published: December 2014

There is presented an effect of the changes of the concentration of magnetic particles included in the ferrooil on the dynamic viscosity in the presence of external magnetic field in this paper. The study was conducted in the context of temperature’s changes. In that way, the influence of external physical conditions of ferrooil’s employment was also taken into account. Ferrooil’s dynamic viscosity changes significantly alter the tribological properties and thus its usefulness as a lubricant of the sliding journal bearings. Due to the fact that the ferrooil demonstrates strong magnetic polarity in the presence of an external magnetic field, it is possible to control the viscosity by means of an external magnetic field just by changing the intensity as well as by changing of the concentration of magnetic particles.The paper presents, in the form of graphs, the changes of ferrooil’s dynamic viscosity as a function of temperature and concentration of magnetic particles. The results of research were also subjected to analysis.
Supporting Rehabilitation Process in Children by Means of Mechatronic System for Kinesitherapy Using EEG Sensor
Authors: Chuchnowska Iwona , Sękala Agnieszka
Published: December 2014

This paper presents an interactive mechatronic device which serves the purpose of rehabilitation of small children with lower limbs dysfunction. It is shown that upon application of EEG technology, EEG sensor has the role of controlling the whole rehabilitation process. The assessment of the degree of the child’s involvement in the improvement process is made on the basis of the obtained course of the brain waves. The achieved level of concentration is further used as feedback in the control loop of the change of multimedia content. Such approach makes the children under rehabilitation notice the relation between their own activity and the reaction of the equipment and thus learns how to consciously focus and stay alert. This new equipment allows the child to do prophylactic and correctional exercises with simultaneous psychological stimulation. This aspect allows using natural abilities of brain development in small children to a maximum degree.
The Dynamic Errors of Mechatronically Controlled Lifting Equipment
Authors: Augustaitis Vytautas Kazimieras , Gičan Vladimir , Jakštas Arūnas , Spruogis Bronislovas , Turla Vytautas
Published: December 2014

Upon striving to ensure the cargo safety and precizity of its delivery, mechatronic control systems are more and more widely applied in lifting mechanisms. They get information from various sensors, including those involved in registering the rope’s deformations. The got information may be distorted because of the appearance of cargo swinging that’s level depends on the mode of operation of the lifting mechanism and the rope’s elasticity. The latter varies dependently on the length of the unwound rope and the way of deformation of rope’s wires. In the paper, a mathematical model of a lifting mechanism that describes its dynamics on lifting when both the cargo and the rope swing in respect of a vertical axis is provided. The model was examined by a special program developed upon using MATLAB and SIMULINK program packages. The obtained dependences of the swing parameters on the mode of operation of the lifting mechanism and the rope’s parameters enable assessing a possible application of the lifting mechanism.
Modelling a Precision Positioning System
Authors: Augustinavičius Giedrius , Čereška Audrius
Published: December 2014

The paper presents the model and design of a flexure-based precise 4 DOF degree of freedom positioning system for micro-positioning uses. The positioning system is featured with monolithic architecture, flexure-based joints and ultra-fine adjustment screws. The mathematical model for the output displacements of the positioning system has been verified by finite element analysis (FEA).
Assumptions of Centering – Leveling Device Application in Mechatronic Angle Measuring System
Authors: Šiaudinytė Lauryna , Sabaitis Deividas , Rybokas Mindaugas , Bručas Domantas
Published: December 2014

This paper deals with the presentation of the new centering – leveling device developed in Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. Precision angle measuring systems are always combined of many mechanisms and devices which influence angle measurement accuracy. Therefore, every one of them has to be investigated separately. This device can be used as a separate device to perform a slight movement of measured object or it can be used as a part of mechatronic angle measuring system. This paper presents preliminary results of centering – leveling device minimum pitch determination and analysis of further development of this device as a part of mechatronic angle measuring system.
Development of Calibration Equipment for Geodetic Angle Measurement Instruments
Authors: Šiaudinytė Lauryna , Sabaitis Deividas , Bručas Domantas , Dmitrijev Gintaras
Published: December 2014

Production of high precision circular scales is a complicated process requiring expensive equipment and complex processes to achieve. Precision angle measurement equipment tends to be very expensive and therefore not accessible to all in need. Simplification of production of such devices can lead to reducing costs of angle measurement systems ensuring easier accessibility. A new method of producing precision circular scales using low cost mass production can reduce the costs of these devices drastically. Therefore, utilising a common CD technology as the basis for such scales is analysed. This paper deals with the analysis of the newest laser cutting method for plastic circular scales. Preliminary results of manufacturing such scales are presented in the paper as well as measurements of the grating of the scale were performed. The quality of different scales manufactured using different laser types is analysed in the study. The cost – effective alternative of manufacturing circular scales is discussed in the paper.
Experimental Measurement of Maximum Bending Stress on Rectangular Aluminum Beam
Authors: Gürbüz Riza
Published: December 2014

In this study, maximum bending stresses occurring on the rectangular aluminum beam under various small loads were measured with strain gauge, data acquisition cards and computer. Special software was developed to measure maximum strain and stress on the aluminum beam. Stress values occurring on the aluminum beam under various small loads were measured with strain gauge and those strain values were transmitted to computer directly with data cards. Using the strain, the load and other constant values of the material (Young’s modulus, dimensions, cross section area, load, Poisson’s rate, etc.), the stress values occurring on the beam are calculated and the stress-strain graph is drawn on the screen automatically. In this experimental study, the theoretical knowledge given in the books and experiment results obtained under laboratory conditions were compared with each other. The obtained results were almost 99% similar. Similar studies have characteristics that can be used to measure maximum bending and torsion stresses for real applications in the industry and mobile loading machines.
Mechatronic Concept for Airflow Tests Laboratory Equipment
Authors: Kabaciński Mirosław , Pawliczek Roland
Published: December 2014

The paper presents application of the mechatronic concept for laboratory test to support a research activity. Laboratory test is taken into account as set of processes for which some number of environmental parameters must be controlled. This paper describes the laboratory stand for investigations of airflow phenomena, where modern data acquisition system is applied to control pressure, temperature and velocity of the air stream. To acquire and process a large number of data, the idea of virtual instruments is introduced to control system. Modern, high-level graphical language was used and the author’s program was developed. The presented solution of the laboratory stand allows increasing the accuracy of measurement, it is possible to observe all necessary parameters as rescaled to standard units and use this information in process steering. All technical solutions applied in the system assume flexibility for changes because of additional sensors, actuators and new signal processing and steering procedures.
Intelligent Machine Tool: New Manual Programming Techniques
Authors: Pajor Mirosław , Stateczny Kamil
Published: December 2014

Modern CNC machine tools constitute advanced mechatronic systems. Numerous works are undertaken on the development of new intelligent control systems for CNC machine tools [1–5] equipped with unique diagnostic systems. One of the development directions of CNC control systems is exploring new forms and techniques of operator-machine communication as well as new, simpler machine tool programming procedures. Nowadays, there are many techniques for programming CNC machine tools [6], [7]. These techniques have taken a variety of forms both due to historical limits of technology and various environmental requirements. Despite the existence of complex control systems for operation and programming CNC machine tools or CAD/CAM systems facilitating the generation of a machining strategy for complicated elements, there is a demand for machine tools that are easier to operate, and therefore do not require advanced programming skills for operation.
Intelligent Machine Tool – A Thermal Diagnostic System for a CNC Pretensioned Ball Screw
Authors: Pajor Mirosław , Zapłata Jacek
Published: December 2014

The paper presents a compensation system of thermal deformation for conventional feed axes applied in CNC machine tools allowing for an effective reduction in the impact of heat generated during its operation on the positioning accuracy of the axis. The result has been achieved by equipping feed screws with thermistor temperature sensors. Wiring sensors was led out through an axial bore in the screw and through a rotating electrical connector to an acquisition device coupled with the control system of the CNC machine. An algorithm based on neural networks was implemented in the machine control system, which allows for the online calculation and compensation of heat deformation of feed screws. The algorithm takes into account a variation of thermal deformation values as a function of the table position and the current distribution of the temperature field of the screw and machine. The paper presents a user-friendly method for implementing algorithms containing neural networks in the machine control system. The proposed compensation method has been verified by measuring the linear accuracy of the feed axis positioning. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing the impact of thermal deformation errors on the positioning accuracy of the axis in CNC machine tools.
Structure of a Control System in a Set of Devices for Document Durability Tests
Authors: Zbrowski Andrzej , Majcher Andrzej , Neska Mirosław
Published: December 2014

The article presents the structure of a control system installed in a series of test devices for durability tests intended for different types of documents, i.e. cards or book that are electronically secured with RFID labels. In the system in question, the test methods simulate typical document manual handling and therefore enable the determination of the influence of mechanical loads on the technical condition of the document, and the possibility to read the data stored in it. To make the execution of tests possible according to defined standards, a set of necessary components of the control system responsible for control, communication and actuator functions was developed. The objective of the tasks undertaken was to develop the structure of a control system, in which all designed test devices would be included, and to which additional apparatus could be added. The designed structure of the control system enables the application of numerous components of the same type in all test devices under one control. The developed control system is composed of basic modules included in every device and configurable modules selected individually for each type of tests.
Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Potential Additives for Synthetic Saliva Preparation
Authors: Mystkowska Joanna
Published: December 2014

The present paper describes the results of the physicochemical and rheological characterisation of the selected self-made solutions of synthetic saliva. The substitutes of the used saliva were prepared on the basis of gums (xanthan, guar, arabic and carob bean) dissolved in saline buffer. Additionally, one of preparations were composed of xanthan gum and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The analysis of the viscosity, pH, surface tension and conductivity of the tested solutions was performed. The tests were carried out following one, three and seven days. The obtained results of the conducted studies showed differences between the tested preparations in the scope of the above evaluated quantities. The preparations based on the tested gums have similar properties in terms of pH, surface tension and conductivity. Only the substitute with the addition of xanthan gum and SDS exhibited different characteristics: the highest value of pH and the lowest values of conductivity and surface tension. In the case of viscosity, some preparations exhibited Newtonian rheological characteristics while others exhibited non-Newtonian characteristics.
The Concept of Scaling Analysis Describing the Properties of Soft Magnets
Authors: Najgebauer Mariusz
Published: December 2014

Modelling hysteresis curves is an important issue of research on soft magnetic materials. The paper presents the ideas of modelling the properties of soft magnets based on scaling analysis. The article describes in detail the application of the Widom scaling procedure for modelling energy losses and the coercive field of the Ni-Fe alloy and 6.5% Si-Fe steel. Finally, the results of scaling analysis and its possible advantages are discussed.
Modeling Hysteresis Loops of SMC Cores
Authors: Ślusarek Barbara , Chwastek Krzysztof , Szczygłowski Jan , Jankowski Bartosz
Published: December 2014

Hysteresis modeling plays an important role for the designers of magnetic circuits. The paper considers the effect of processing temperature on magnetic properties of SMC cores. The hysteresis loops of the SMC cores are described using two recent modifications of phenomenological models.
The Influence the Temperature of Drawing Process on the Transformation Retained Austenite into Martensite for TRIP Steel Wires
Authors: Wiewiórowska Sylwia , Muskalski Zbigniew , Siemiński Marek
Published: December 2014

For the numerical analysis of TRIP steel wire drawing process, the Drawing 2d programme based of finite element method, has been used. The process was run following two variants, with small and large partial drafts for two drawing speeds: 1.11; 0.23 m/s. The investigations carried out allowed a relationship between temperature of drawing wires and the amount of retained austenite for wire surface and for wire axis.
Dependence between Workpiece Material Hardness and Face Lapping Results of Steel C45
Authors: Molenda Justyna , Charchalis Adam
Published: December 2014

The high demands required today by manufacturing engineers for machine parts and tools necessitate very precise machining. The finishing processes are an important perspective to be considered today for meeting the goals like parallelism, tolerances, flatness, and smooth surface. These processes are high-precision abrasive processes used to generate surfaces of desired characteristic such as geometry, form, tolerances, surface integrity, and roughness characteristics. A leading importance in this perspective has the lapping process. It leads to a surface with low roughness and high precision. The topographical structure resulting from lapping is very advantageous in sliding joints, because of the high ability of lubricant retention, as well as in nonsliding joints because of the high load-carrying ability. Many materials can be lapped, including glass, ceramic, plastic, metals and their alloys, sintered materials, satellite, ferrite, copper, cast iron, steel, etc.This paper reports the observations of steel C45 elements lapping process results. Workpieces were rollers with diameter 17 mm and height 10 mm placed in the conditioning rings with use of workholdings. Samples were divided to three groups according to their Vicker’s hardness: 160, 440, and 650 HV. After grinding, lapping process was conducted. Experiments were carried out with an angular speed of the lapping plate set at 65 RPM, and lapping velocity was v = 49 m/min. The lapping pressure was provided by dead weights and during experiments executing p = 0.04 MPa. Samples were lapped during 10, 15 and 20 minutes. Abrasive slurry was composed of silicon carbide grains mixed with kerosene and machine oil. Abrasive grains size was F400/17.The material removal rate (MRR) and specimens surface characteristic are studied in the light of workpiece material hardness. Test results show that applied process parameters are the best for steel which hardness is 440 HV. In that case, the lowest values of Raparameter were obtained in conjunction with satisfactory values of material removal rate. It can be also seen, as could be predicted, that lapping time influenced on lapping results. MRR increases and surface roughness decreases with time. The worst lapping results were obtained for normalized steel (160HV). It can be the effect of surface damage, like scratching and grooving by harder abrasive grains.
The Study of Heat Transfer Coefficient during Cooling Plates of High Strength
Authors: Janik Marcin , Garstka Tomasz , Krzyżańska Aneta , Knapiński Marcin , Kawałek Anna
Published: December 2014

Nowadays methods of hot-rolled sheets should ensure high mechanical and plastic properties of sheets, in-line rolling. Such technologies require application of devices for accelerated cooling of a band after last deformation. The essential thing in this process is selection of an appropriate positioning of the cooling intensity. The paper presents results of the cooling intensity for the selected air-water nozzle. On the basis of the results, the map of distribution of heat transfer coefficient for the nozzle to the surface of the cooling was performed. These tests were carried out for different settings of water and air. The research was carried out for high-strength steel. The obtained results allow executing of computer simulation of the impact of cooling intensity on the final product’s structure.