bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coaliciones de producción de vacunas COVID-19
Authors: Sanmartin Maria Cecilia , Bortz Gabriela
Published: November 2024

Durante la pandemia por COVID-19, las grandes farmacéuticas de países desarrollados se sumaron a la carrera por el desarrollo de vacunas, acentuándose la posición desventajosa de los países en desarrollo en la producción global de vacunas. Este trabajo propone analizar las dinámicas de la participación de Argentina y Brasil entre 2020 y 2022 en la producción de vacunas COVID-19, a través del concepto de coaliciones de producción, mediante el análisis de los actores y elementos cognitivos, materiales y simbólicos que las sustentan. En el caso argentino, el contexto de la pandemia permitió una re-legitimación y empoderamiento del sector privado (bio)farmacéutico nacional y del Gobierno, con relaciones más fluidas entre los distintos actores de la coalición. En el caso de Brasil, si bien los imaginarios y culturas institucionales embebidos en políticas transversales de producción pública de vacunas contribuyen al empoderamiento del sector sanitario público respecto a las empresas (bio)farmaceuticas internacionales, se priorizó la producción masiva de vacunas aún con tecnologías importadas. Además, en este trabajo se mencionan algunas enseñanzas en materia de políticas públicas para países en desarrollo, con el objetivo de lograr una mayor resiliencia en su participación en las coaliciones.
Compras públicas para inovação e offset na aeronáutica militar
Authors: Ribeiro Cássio Garcia , Ferreira Marcos José Barbieri , Sousa Cairo Humberto da Cruz
Published: November 2024

Este artigo visa analisar as oportunidades geradas pelos acordos de offset do programa KC-390 paraa Cadeia Aeronáutica Brasileira (CAB), assim como seus limites e desafios. O KC-390 marca umponto de virada nas encomendas da FAB, destacando-se não só pelos desafios tecnológicos superadospela Embraer, mas também pelas oportunidades tecnológicas oferecidas a outras empresas brasileiras,decorrentes dos acordos de compensação firmados com cinco fornecedores estrangeiros de sistemase componentes embarcados. A pesquisa de campo revelou que uma parte significativa desses acordosde offset esteve vinculada à manutenção, refletindo uma estratégia da FAB de buscar autonomia nociclo operacional da nova aeronave de transporte militar e de reduzir custos operacionais. Apesardesse direcionamento, cabe ressaltar o fato de que ao menos dois acordos – nas áreas de aviônicose de rádio de comunicação segura – envolveram a transferência de tecnologia e o desenvolvimentode um novo produto para o país. Dessa forma, este caso ilustra a janela de oportunidade criada porencomendas dessa magnitude, através da qual as autoridades governamentais podem impulsionaro desenvolvimento industrial e tecnológico do país por meio dos acordos de offset.
Complexidade industrial e bases de conhecimento em redes
Authors: Vasconcellos Bianca Louzada Xavier , La Rovere Renata Lèbre , Pereira Rafael Silva
Published: November 2024

A estrutura produtiva é determinante para promover o desenvolvimento econômico regional. A abordagem da Complexidade Econômica ajuda a entender o nível de sofisticação industrial, enquanto o conceito de Bases de Conhecimento informa características do conhecimento em uma região. Este trabalho visa a identificar indústrias e conhecimentos necessários para impulsionar o potencial do Complexo Econômico-Industrial da Saúde (CEIS). A metodologia envolveu o uso de dados de emprego para construir indicadores de complexidade e do grau de relacionamento entre as indústrias. Para as Bases de Conhecimento, foram utilizados dados de ocupações. O recorte geográfico e setorial do estudo compreende a Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro (RMRJ) e as indústrias que compõem o CEIS. Como resultado, foram identificados dois gargalos: o primeiro é a ausência da indústria mais complexa do CEIS; o segundo é a carência de ocupações da Base de Conhecimento sintética. Isso significa que o CEIS não opera em seu pleno potencial, o que afeta o desenvolvimento econômico regional.
Cuenta Satélite de I+D
Authors: Andino César Miguel Acosta , Andino Byron Acosta , Almeida Anderson Argothy
Published: November 2024

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo proponer una metodología para la construcción de la Cuenta Satélite de I+D de Ecuador. Para su construcción se utilizaron como insumo el gasto de capital en I+D, el excedente neto de operación, otros impuestos menos subsidios a la producción, el consumo de capital fijo y la duplicación con Software. La metodología se basa en dos fases i) Tratamiento de la información, y ii) construcción de la cuenta satélite; tomando en consideración las aproximaciones metodológicas de Tablas de Oferta-Utilización (TOU). La investigación contribuye al mejor entendimiento y medición de la inversión en I+D en el país, destacando que el sector de Servicios es el principal generador de I+D, seguido por el sector de manufactura, y resaltando su impacto en la formación bruta de capital. Esta contribución no solo permite identificar los sectores clave impulsando la producción de I+D, sino que también puede ser fundamental para la formulación de políticas y la toma de decisiones en el ámbito de la innovación y el crecimiento económico en Ecuador.
O uso das metodologias activas de aprendizagem para a promoção de autonomia no estudante
Authors: Sindique Cláudio
Published: November 2024

A autonomia é um dos pilares da pedagogia freiriana na construção de uma escola emancipadora e crítica e na promoção da liberdade do estudante. Neste artigo proponho discutir o papel das metodologias activas de aprendizagem para a promoção da autonomia dos estudantes. As metodologias activas além de desenvolverem as habilidades e competências nos estudantes, permitem caminhos e novas práticas para que o educando seja protagonista em seu próprio processo de aprendizagem. O artigo é de natureza qualitativa consubstanciada a pesquisa bibliográfica, cujo objectivo é analisar em que medida as metodologias activas contribuem para a promoção da autonomia dos educandos. Concluímos que as metodologias activas de ensino permitem que os estudantes desenvolvam sua autonomia e habilidades na sala de aula.
Effects of cognitive training interventions on the cognitive and everyday functioning of older adults – systematic overview of meta-analyses
Authors: Vargek Petra , Bakračevič Karin , Mrla Josipa
Published: November 2024

As the population is aging, the prevalence of age-related cognitive decline is now the highest in history, with a long-term trend of increase. Many studies have examined whether cognitive training (CT) is an effective intervention for preventing and slowing down the neurodegenerative processes of aging so as to enable independent functioning and active living in older age. In order to summarize the available data, we conducted a systematic literature overview of meta-analyses investigating the efficacy of various CT interventions on cognitive and subjective/functional outcomes in healthy older adults, older adults with mild cognitive impairment, and older adults with subjective memory/cognitive complaints. We searched six databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) and identified eight eligible meta-analyses. The quality of the included meta-analyses was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 checklist. The confidence ratings were “moderate” for one meta-analysis, “low” for two meta-analyses, and “critically low” for five meta-analyses. Although there is a need for better methodological standards for meta-analyses, the available evidence suggests that CT is an effective intervention for improving both cognitive and subjective/functional outcomes in older adults. Future research should be more oriented toward measures that indicate the practical efficiency of CT and should be more specific regarding the type of CT intervention, so as to elucidate the potentially different underlying mechanisms of their functioning.
ВНЕСОК ГЕНЕРАЛ-МАЙОРА ЛЕОПОЛЬДА РИКА ТА ЙОГО РОДИНИ У ФОРМУВАННЯ МУЗЕЙНИХ КОЛЕКЦІЙ ЛЬВОВА ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТ.
Authors: Прокіп А. , Михальський Ю. , Кендус О.
Published: November 2024

У статті досліджено участь генерал-майора Леопольда Рика (1843–1927) у розвитку музеїв Львова. Зроблено загальний аналіз пам’яток з приватної колекції, які були передані до музейних збірок Історичного музею міста Львова та Національного музею ім. короля Яна ІІІ у Львові, а згодом стали складовою частиною колекції Львівського історичного музею.
Встановлено основні віхи життєвого шляху Л. Рика — галичанина, львів’янина, кадрового військового армії Австро-Угорщини, колекціонера і поціновувача старовини. Пам’ятки, що належали Л. Рику, сьогодні формують культурно-історичне надбання музеїв м. Львова, є важливим генератором інформації про епохи, які вони ілюструють.
ГРОМАДСЬКО-ОСВІТНЯ ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ГРИГОРІЯ ШЕРСТЮКА (1882–1911
Authors: Якобчук Н.
Published: November 2024

Статтю присвячено дослідженню громадсько-освітньої діяльності Григорія Пилиповича Шерстюка — українського педагога, мовознавця редактора, видавця. Проаналізовано тематику, зміст його публікацій у журналі «Світло», підручника для дітей молодшого шкільного віку, рецензій дитячої літератури. З’ясовано значення згаданих праць для поглиблення джерельної бази студій з історії, педагогіки, біографістики, книговидавництва початку ХХ ст. Визначено внесок Г. Шерстюка у створення української національної школи на початку ХХ ст.
ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ТОВАРИСТВА ОПІКИ НАД ДІТЬМИ В’ЯЗНІВ У ВАРШАВІ У 1905–1916 РР. (ЗА МАТЕРІАЛАМИ РІЧНИХ ЗВІТІВ)
Authors: Журба М. , Приходько М.
Published: November 2024

У статті розглядається важливий історичний етап, пов’язаний із функціонуванням благочинної організації Конгресової Польщі — Товариства опіки над дітьми в’язнів у Варшаві в перші десятиліття ХХ ст. Висвітлюються ключові аспекти й етапи діяльності об’єднання з фокусуванням на значущих подіях, що вплинули на темпи його розвитку. Особлива увага приділяється програмам з реалізації векторів підтримки підопічних, включаючи соціальну, освітню та психологічну сфери.
Розглядаються ініціативи спрямовані на поліпшення якості життя дітей і забезпечення їхнього повноцінного розвитку. Дослідження також ставить перед собою завдання визначити виклики та досягнення організації протягом указаного періоду, проаналізувати внутрішню адміністративну роботу, включаючи ефективність управлінських і стратегічних рішень у розвитку організації. Фінансова діяльність організації є ще однією важливою складовою аналізу, оскільки визначала рівень її стабільності та здатності забезпечити необхідні ресурси для виконання завдань.
Додатково дослідження висвітлює напрямки залучення дітей до практичної роботи, враховуючи їхні індивідуальні особливості й потреби. Також розглядаються різні форми співпраці товариства з іншими доброчинними організаціями, урядовими структурами та приватними особами для ефективної реалізації спільних проектів і досягнення цілей.
Загалом, дослідження цієї доброчинної організації відкриває багатоаспектність та важливість її в соціально-гуманітарному контексті першої половини ХХ ст.
НЕОУНІЙНА ЦЕРКВА НА ВОЛИНІ ПІД ЧАС ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ
Authors: Федчук О.
Published: November 2024

У статті досліджено функціонування неоунійної Церкви на Волині під час Другої світової війни. Визначено стан цього релігійного руху на момент приєднання Західної України до УРСР. Простежено вплив радянської влади на закриття головних осередків неоунії наприкінці 1939 р. З’ясовано умови життя вцілілих неоунійних парафій у роки німецької окупації. Констатовано, що 1945 р., в рамках узятого в державі курсу на повну ліквідацію унії в Україні було закрито останні неоунійні парафії на Волині.
Single-Cell and Bulk RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals CENPA as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Cancers
Authors: Liu Hengrui , Karsidag Miray , Chhatwal Kunwer , Wang Panpan , Tang Tao
Published: November 2024

Background Cancer is one of the most concerning public health issues in the world. One of cancer hallmarks wildly accepted is sustaining proliferative signaling, which involved most of the cell cycle biological activities. Centromeric histone, Centromere Protein A (CENPA), a variant of canonical histone H3, plays an essential role in selective chromosome segregation in the cell cycle. However, so far, a systematic pan-cancer bioinformatic analysis has not been done yet. Methods We accessed genome, transcriptome, and clinical information from open databases. The genetic alteration, mRNA expression, functional enrichment, stemness, mutation association, expression in cell populations and cellular locations, cell cycle association, survival association of CENPA, and immune association were analyzed. A prognostic model for glioma patients was constructed as an example application of CENPA as a biomarker. Drugs targeting CENPA in cancer cells were also screened and predicted by the CENPA correlation of drug sensitivity and protein-ligand docking. Results CENPA had low gene mutation in cancers. CENPA was overexpressed in almost all cancer types in TCGA compared to their normal control. CENPA was highly expressed in the nucleus of malignant cells. CENPA was associated with the cell cycle of cancer cells. CENPA is a biomarker for the cell cycle G2 phase in cancer cells. CENPA was a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker across multiple cancer types. The prognosis of glioma with CENPA was reliable and can be applied with other prognostic factors. CENPA was associated with the immune microenvironment. Drugs CD-437, 3-Cl-AHPC, Trametinib, BI-2536, and GSK461364 were predicted to target CENPA in cancer cells. Conclusion CENPA was a cell cycle biomarker in cancers with diagnostic and prognostic value.
A Theory of Gravity Based on Dimensional Perturbations of Objects in Flat Spacetime
Authors: Northcutt William
Published: November 2024

A covariant classical theory of gravity is given assuming absolute flat spacetime and the strong equivalence principle (SEP). It is shown that adherence to these postulates requires that the gravitational field “dimensionally perturb” all physical objects at a location universally. Such perturbations are referred to as “gravity shifts,” and it is found that all gravitational phenomena may be given in terms of them. Two classes of observers emerge in “gravity shift theory”—“natural observers” using gravity shifted instruments as is, and “absolute observers” that correct for the gravity shifting applied to instruments. Absolute observers accurately measure quantities, including the absolute spacetime metric as it actually is. Natural observers do not accurately measure quantities, but their system of measurement is observationally consistent, yielding a curved “natural metric” to characterize spacetime. When a local gravitational system is surrounded by a “background system” with negligible curvature effects, its gravity shifting induces a diffeomorphism applied to the local system, yielding satisfaction of the SEP for natural observers. Using the naturally observed inertial form of physical law in free-fall frames, covariant formulation in all coordinates establishes the natural metric as the universally coupled “gravitational metric” in physical law. The unique field equation determining gravity shifts, and therefore the natural metric, is developed. The resultant bimetric theory is parameterless, complete, and self-consistent. The field equation yields the observed post-Newtonian natural metric and linearizes to the predictive linearized Einstein equation, which, along with SEP satisfaction, results in successful prediction of a wide variety of observed gravitational phenomena. A supplement is provided that extends the range of predictions to include low post-Newtonian order radiation cases, and also the strong-field cases consisting of the properties of black and neutron stars plus any nearby matter and light, where in all cases, the predictions are shown to be consistent with observations.
Integrative Analysis of Earth to Space Propagation in the EHF Band
Authors: Yudachev Theodor Fedor , Pinhasi Yosef
Published: November 2024

In today's modern era, with the development of 5G and 6G technologies, free frequency domains for communication have become a valuable resource. As the frequencies increase, atmospheric conditions produce different challenges and effects that affect the propagation of the signal. These effects require a deep understanding in order to enable Point-to-Point communication. Point-to-Point communication can occur over short distances, such as a few meters, or over long distances, such as in deep space. This article presents a solution based on an integrative analytical model for calculating atmospheric inferior values of an electromagnetic signal at any desired distance transmitted from the Earth. The model encompasses dispersion, refraction, and absorption effects caused by various atmospheric phenomena. The mathematical analysis adds that the placement of the signal along its height is not linear, and the transmission angle also affects the values. The results presented will influence the selection of working frequencies in different areas and distances, such as communication between ground and space and inter-satellite communication link (ISL).
WGIE: Extraction of Wheat Germplasm Resource Information Based on Large Language Model
Authors: Wei Yijin , Fan Jingchao
Published: November 2024

Increased wheat production is crucial for addressing food security concerns caused by limited resources, extreme weather, and population expansion. However, breeders have challenges due to fragmented information in multiple research articles, which slows progress in generating high-yield, stress-resistant, and high-quality wheat. This study presents WGIE (Wheat Germplasm Information Extraction), a wheat research article abstract-specific data extraction workflow based on conversational large language models (LLMs) and rapid engineering. WGIE employs zero-shot learning, multi-response polling to reduce hallucinations, and a calibration component to ensure optimal outcomes.Validation on 443 abstracts yielded 0.8010 Precision, 0.9969 Recall, 0.8883 F1 Score, and 0.8171 Accuracy, proving the ability to extract data with little human effort. Analysis found that irrelevant text increases the chance of hallucinations, emphasizing the necessity of matching prompts to input language. While WGIE efficiently harvests wheat germplasm information, its effectiveness is dependent on the consistency of prompts and text. Managing conflicts and enhancing prompt design can improve LLM performance in subsequent jobs.
Medical Costs and Economic Impact of Hyperkalemia in a Cohort of Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Lopez-López Andrea , Regueiro-Abel Margarita , Paredes-Galan Emilio , Johk-Casas Charigan Abou , Vietez-Florez Jose Maria , Elices-Teja Juliana , Armesto-Rivas Jorge , Franco-Gutiérrez Raúl , Rios-Vazquez Ramón , González-Juanatey Carlos
Published: November 2024

Background:
Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte disorder in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) have been shown to improve survival and decrease hospitalization rates, although they may increase the serum potassium levels. Hyperkalemia has significant clinical and economic implications, and is associated with increased healthcare resource utilization. The main objective of this study was to analyze the management of hyperkalemia and the associated medical costs in a cohort of patients with HFrEF.

Methods:
An observational, longitudinal, retrospective, single-center retrospective study was made in patients with HFrEF who started follow-up in a specialized heart failure unit between 2010 and 2021.

Results:
The study population consisted of 1181 patients followed-up on for 64.6 ± 38.8 months. During follow-up, 11,059 control visits were conducted, documenting 438 episodes of hyperkalemia in 262 patients (22.2%).
Of the hyperkalemia episodes, 3.0% required assistance in the Emergency Department, 1.4% required hospitalization, and only 0.2% required admission to the Intensive Care Unit. No episode required renal replacement therapy. Reduction or withdrawal of RAASi was necessary in 69.9% of the hyperkalemia episodes. The total cost of the 438 hyperkalemia episodes was €89,178.82; the expense during the first year accounted for 48.8% of the total cost.

Conclusions:
Hyperkalemia is common in patients with HFrEF. It is often accompanied by a modification of treatment with RAASi. Hyperkalemia generates substantial costs in terms of healthcare resources and medical care, especially during the first year.
Streamlining Drug Repurposing: Optimizing Candidate Prioritization to Facilitate Clinical Adoption and Minimize Attrition Rates
Authors: Jones Emma , Taluri Sasha , Wilk Elizabeth , Lasseigne Brittany
Published: November 2024

Drug repurposing, identifying FDA-approved drugs for new indications, reduces the time and money required for a drug to reach the clinic and capitalizes on the increasing number of publicly available online data. Attrition rates for repurposing studies are lower than compared to drug discovery. Still, repurposing candidates often fail downstream despite their biological relevance, attributing to a lack of safety and/or efficacy. Current approaches may be limited in separating biological signals from technical noise and incorporating relevant clinical information to evaluate promising candidates in preclinical analyses. Many drug repurposing approaches have been developed; however, a gold standard has yet to be determined. In addition, repurposing analyses often yield many potential candidates that require further prioritization to ensure clinical viability. Thus, prioritization of the optimal candidates by incorporating more information from available resources is critical. Here, we reviewed prioritization criteria and developed a workflow implementing 1) drug-specific, 2) target-specific, and 3) disease-specific considerations to address challenges in current drug repurposing efforts. Our workflow streamlines drug candidate prioritization using a stepwise evaluation process and vetted resources for each consideration to guide researchers in better predicting the most robust candidates and facilitating the most promising ones for clinical adoption.
Imaging Studies of the Stifle Joint in Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771)
Authors: Cardoso Eduardo Burgarelli Mayrink , Rahal Sheila Canevese , Silva Jeana Pereira da , Mamprim Maria Jaqueline , Filho Jair Theodoro , Frigerio Gabriela Montezel , Saldiva Paulo Hilário Nascimento , Ginja Mário Manuel Dinis , Werther Karin
Published: November 2024

Although the stifle joint of wild felines shares several characteristics observed in domestic cats, others are specific to each species. This study aimed to evaluate the stifle joints of eight Puma concolor, including two young and six adults, through different imaging examinations. All stifles were assessed using radiographs and computed tomography (CT). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on the stifles of one animal using 7 Tesla equipment. In all imaging modalities, the four sesamoid bones were detected. Meniscal mineralization was identified in the stifles of three adult animals and one young animal. The cruciate ligaments and menisci were identified on CT, with MRI providing better visualization. The mean values of CT measurements (cm2) in the sagittal section included patella (2.475), medial fabella (0.481), lateral fabella (0.772), popliteal sesamoid (0.222), and medial meniscus (0.051). No differences were found in HU values between the central trabecular bone of the patella and popliteal sesamoid, cortical bone of the patella and lateral and medial fabellas, or cortical bone of the patella and popliteal sesamoid. In conclusion, the descriptions of the stifle of Puma concolor in the different imaging methods contribute to understanding the species and can serve as a basis for identifying alterations.
Effect of Selenium, Copper and Manganese Nanocomposites in Arabinogalactan Matrix on Potato Colonization by Phytopathogens Clavibacter sepedonicus and Pectobacterium carotovorum
Authors: Perfileva Alla I. , Zakharova Olga V. , Krutovsky Konstantin V.
Published: November 2024

The effect of chemically synthesized nanocomposites (NCs) of selenium (Se/AG NC), copper oxide (Cu/AG NC) and manganese hydroxide (Mn/AG NC) based on the natural polymer arabinogalactan (AG) on the processes of growth, development and colonization of potato plants in vitro was studied upon infection with the causative agent of potato blackleg – the Gram-negative bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum and the causative agent of ring rot – the Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter sepedonicus (Cms). It was shown that infection of potatoes with P. carotovorum reduced root formation of plants and the concentration of pigments in leaf tissues. Treatment of plants with Cu/AG NC before infection with P. carotovorum stimulated leaf formation and increased the concentration of pigments in them. A similar effect was observed when potatoes were exposed to Mn/AG NC, and an increase in growth and root formation was also observed. Infection of plants with Cms inhibited plant growth. Treatment with each of the NCs mitigated this negative effect of the phytopathogen. At the same time, Se/AG and Mn/AG NCs promoted leaf formation. Se/AG NC increased the biomass of Cms-infected plants. Treatment of plants with NCs before infection showed a decrease in the intensity of colonization of plants by bacteria. The Se/AG NC had the maximum effect, which is probably due to its high antioxidant capacity. Thus, the NCs are able to mitigate the negative effect of bacterial phytopathogens on vegetation and the intensity of colonization by these bacteria during infection of cultivated plants.
Characterization and Classification of Berry (Aronia, Haskap and Goji) Fruits with High Bioactive Value Grown in Spain
Authors: Ayuso-Yuste María Concepción , Cruz Calero Francisco Javier , Ramos García María , Nicolás Barroso Noelia , Ramos Alguijo María Belén , Rodríguez Gómez María José , Calvo Magro Patricia
Published: November 2024

Aronia, haskap, and goji berries are characterized by their high content of bioactive compounds and their beneficial health properties, as well as their resistance to harsh agronomic conditions. In this work, cultivars of these species growing in a mountainous region of central-western Spain were characterized by analyzing physicochemical parameters and bioactive compounds. Goji fruits showed the highest TSS content and the lowest acidity values. The sugar profile suggested that goji cultivars will have a higher sweetness due to higher fructose and glucose content. However, aronia cultivars will be the least sweet due to their high sorbitol content. The total organic acid content was much higher in aronia and haskap than in goji fruits, and the profile varied according to species. The total phenolic content was significantly higher in aronia fruits. A total of 15 phenolic compounds were detected with anthocyanins being predominant in aronia and haskap berries, however, they were not detected in goji fruits. Nevertheless, carotenoid compounds were found in goji berries, and non-detected in aronia and haskap fruits. Aronia fruits showed the highest antioxidant capacity compared to haskap and goji fruits. The PCA analysis allowed us to classify the samples and determine which parameters have the greatest influence.
AI Driven Modelling for Hydrogel 3D-Printing: Computational and Experimental Cases of Study
Authors: Bediaga-Bañeres Harbil , Moreno-Benítez Isabel , Arrasate Sonia , Pérez-Álvarez Leyre , Halder Amit K. , Cordeiro M. Natalia D. S. , González-Díaz Humberto , Vilas-Vilela José Luis
Published: November 2024

Determining the values of various properties for new bioinks for 3D printing is a very important task in the design of new materials. For this purpose, a large number of experimental works have been consulted and a database with >1200 bioprinting tests has been created. These tests cover different combinations of conditions in terms of print pressure, temperature, and needle values, for example. These data are difficult to deal with in terms of determining combinations of conditions to optimize the tests and to analyze new options. The best model presented has values of specificity = Sp (%) = 88.4, sensitivity = Sn (%) = 86.2 in training series and Sp (%) = 85.9, Sn (%) = 80.3 in external validation series. This model uses operators based on perturbation theory in order to analyze the complexity of the data. The performance of the model has been compared with neural networks with very similar results. This tool could be easily applied to predict the properties of in silico bioprinting assays.
A Review on the Frontier of Molecular Biology Integrating AI and Bioinformatics in Genetic Research
Authors: Odah Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Molecular biology is undergoing a transformative evolution through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and bioinformatics, which collectively empower researchers to analyze complex genomic datasets, uncover hidden patterns in genetic information, and advance the paradigm of precision medicine. Notable breakthroughs include AlphaFold’s revolutionary contribution to protein structure prediction, achieving near-experimental accuracy, and PolyPhen’s role in assessing the functional impact of genetic mutations, advancing precision diagnostics. These advancements demonstrate the potential of AI to accelerate discoveries in functional genomics and disease prediction models. However, the integration of these technologies also raises significant ethical concerns. For instance, issues related to genetic privacy have become increasingly critical, as the misuse of sensitive genomic data could lead to discrimination in healthcare and employment. This comprehensive review explores the dynamic intersection of AI and bioinformatics, emphasizing their roles in gene-disease association studies, protein structure prediction, and functional genomics. It also critically addresses challenges, including data quality issues, computational limitations, and the ethical implications of genetic privacy. Future research directions focus on enhancing AI model transparency, overcoming computational barriers, and developing robust ethical frameworks to ensure equitable benefits in clinical and research settings. By integrating cutting-edge AI technologies, such as explainable AI (XAI) and federated learning, with robust bioinformatics methodologies, this review highlights a roadmap for revolutionizing genetic research and fostering advancements in personalized medicine.
Advances in Natural Product-Based Fluorescent Agents and Synthetic Analogues for Analytical and Biomedical Applications, Including Tumor Cell Labeling and Cancer Research
Authors: Joshi Soniya , Moody Alexis , Budthapa Padamlal , Gurug Anita , Gautam Rachana , Sunjel Prabha , Gupta Aakash , Aryal Surya P , Parajuli Niranjan , Bhattarai Narayan
Published: November 2024

Fluorescence is a remarkable property exhibited by many chemical compounds and biomolecules. Fluorescence has revolutionized analytical and biomedical sciences due to its wide-ranging applications in analytical and diagnostic tools of biological and environmental importance. Fluorescent molecules are frequently employed in drug delivery, optical sensing, cellular imaging and biomarker discovery. Cancer is a global challenge and fluorescence agents can function as diagnostic as well as monitoring tools both during early tumor progression and treatment monitoring. Many fluorescent compounds can be found in their natural form but recent developments in synthetic chemistry and molecular biology have allowed us to synthesize and tune fluorescents molecules which otherwise wouldn’t exist in the nature. Naturally derived fluorescent compounds are generally more biocompatible and environmentally friendly. They can also be modified in cost-effective and target-specific ways with the help of synthetic tools. Understanding their unique chemical structures and photophysical properties is key to harnessing their full potential in biomedical and analytical research. As drug discovery efforts require rigorous characterization of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, fluorescence-based detection accelerates the understanding of drug interactions via in vitro and in vivo assays. Herein, we provide a review of natural products and synthetic analogs that exhibit fluorescence properties and can be used as probes, detailing their photophysical properties. We have also provided some insights into the relationships between chemical structures and fluorescent properties. Finally, we have discussed the applications of fluorescent compounds in biomedical science; mainly in the study of tumor and cancer cells and analytical research, highlighting their pivotal role in advancing drug delivery, biomarkers, cell imaging, biosensing technologies, and as targeting ligands in the diagnosis of tumors.
Nighttime Cough Characteristics in COPD Patients
Authors: den Brinker Albertus C. , Ouweltjes Okke , Rietman Ronald , Thackray-Nocera Susannah , Crooks Michael G. , Morice Alyn H
Published: November 2024

Coughing is a symptom of many respiratory diseases. An increased amount of coughs may signal an (upcoming) health issue, a decreasing amount of coughs may indicate an improved health status. The presence of a cough can be identified by a cough classifier. The cough density fluctuates considerably over the course of a day with a pattern that is highly subject dependent. This paper provides a case study of cough patterns from COPD patients as determined by a stationary semi-automated
cough monitor. It clearly demonstrates the variability of cough density over the observation time, its patient specificity and dependence on health status. Furthermore, an earlier established empirical finding of a linear relation between mean and standard deviation of a session's cough count is validated. An alert mechanism incorporating these findings is described.
Dietary DHA-rich Supplementation Decreases Neurotoxic Lipid Mediators in Participants with Type II Diabetes and Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Durán Alfonso Manuel , Zamora Francis , De León Marino
Published: November 2024

A growing body of evidence indicates a link between circulating neurotoxic lipids and the development of chronic neuroinflammatory diseases in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Therefore, strategies to modify circulating lipid profiles may complement the management of neuroinflammatory diseases, including neuropathic pain. In a previous study, we observed a sig-nificant shift in the metabolomic profile of patients' plasma with symptoms of painful diabetic neuropathy (pDN) following three months of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-rich supplementation, leading to improved pDN symptoms. However, it is important to identify the specific lipid mediators responsible for this therapeutic effect and elucidate potential mechanism(s). This study investigates whether DHA-rich supplementation reduces neurotoxic lipid mediators associated with pDN in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Forty volunteers diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the "En Balance-PLUS" diabetes education study. The volunteers participated in weekly lifestyle/nutrition education and daily supplementation with 1000 mg DHA and 200 mg eicosapentaenoic acid. The Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire validated the clinical determination of baseline and post-intervention pain complaints. Untargeted Lipidomic analyses were conducted using blood serum collected at baseline and after three months of participation in the dietary regimen. The lipidomic data were analyzed using a non-parametric paired Wilcoxon rank-sum test and random forest analysis. ELISA further eval-uated participant serum samples to investigate associated biomarkers of necrosis (MLKL), autophagy (ATG5), and lipid chaperone protein (FABP5). Untargeted lipidomic analysis revealed that several neurotoxic-associated lipids significantly decreased after DHA-rich supplementation. Also, circulating levels of MLKL were reduced, while protein levels of ATG5 and FABP5 significantly increased. The reduction of circulating neurotoxic lipids and increase of neuroprotective lipids following DHA-rich supplementation is consistent with the reported roles of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in reducing adverse symptoms associated with neuroinflammatory diseases and painful neuropathy.
Preclinical Identification of Poorly Controlled COPD: Patients with a Single Moderate Exacerbation Matter Too
Authors: Viejo José David Maya , Ros Fernado M. Navarro
Published: November 2024

Background and Objective:
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) remains a critical global health challenge, char-acterized by high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Current guidelines may overlook pa-tients who present with only one moderate exacerbation or frequent short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) use. Building on findings from the Seleida study, this research refines the criteria for poor COPD control to include these patients, aiming to improve early identification of high-risk cases in primary care.

Methods:
A retrospective, multicenter study was conducted using data from 110 COPD patients in Spain. Poor control was redefined as having at least one moderate exacerbation or using three or more SABA inhalers annually. Key predictors, such as SABA/short-acting muscarinic antagonist (SAMA) inhalers and antibiotic prescriptions, were identified using logistic regression and LASSO regular-ization to enhance predictive accuracy.

Results:
The model demonstrated excellent predictive performance with an AUC-ROC of 0.978, sensitivity of 92.86%, and specificity of 87.50%. Key predictors effectively identified high-risk patients, facili-tating timely interventions. Although the variable ‘daily inhalation frequency’ (categorized as 1 vs. >1 inhalation/day) showed that patients using a single inhalation daily had significantly better control than those requiring multiple doses (p = 0.018), it was excluded to avoid model overfitting.

Conclusions:
By refining the criteria for COPD control to include patients with at least one moderate exacerbation or frequent SABA use, this model provides a practical tool for early risk stratification in primary care, particularly in resource-limited settings. Early identification of high-risk patients can reduce hospitalizations and healthcare costs, supporting a proactive approach to COPD management. Further validation in larger cohorts is essential to confirm its broader applicability.
New Tool to Screen Financial Viability of Alternative Public-Private Partnership Structures for Delivery of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
Authors: DeCorla-Souza Patrick , Hossain Mahir
Published: November 2024

This paper demonstrates use of an Excel-based tool called “Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Financial Analysis Spreadsheet Tool” or “EVCI-FAST” developed to analyze public-private partnership approaches to deliver publicly-accessible EV charging infrastructure that would not be commercially viable without a government subsidy. We conduct a high-level screening analysis for a hypothetical bundle of publicly-accessible EV charging stations to assess the financial viability of delivery of electric vehicle charging infrastructure (EVCI) using alternative public-private partnership (P3) structures. The demonstration suggests that EVCI-FAST could assist public agencies in determining whether their budgetary resources are adequate to support a proposed P3 for an EVCI project. The demonstration suggests that EVCI-FAST could also help agencies decide which P3 structuring option would best meet their financial objectives. The results from analysis of the hypothetical project suggest that public agencies could benefit considerably from a P3 structure that uses a minimum revenue guarantee to reduce revenue risk for the private partner.
A First Analysis of Environmental Monitoring Data for Two 'Open Loop' LNG Regasifiers Operating in Italian Coastal Waters
Authors: Franzosini Carlo
Published: November 2024

The report analyzes environmental monitoring data from two recently commissioned open-cycle regasification plants in Italian coastal waters: Porto Viro (Veneto region, in operation since Sep-tember 2009) and Livorno (Tuscany region, in operation since October 2013), two key infrastruc-tures for Italy's energy independence. The objective is to assess the effectiveness of the monitoring program and suggest improvements. Report’s reading indicates that some contaminant analyses are ineffective in understanding the terminal's impact, as concentrations are consistently low. Only specific indicators can effectively track pollutant distribution and biomarkers. Additional-ly, the concentration of oxidizing chlorination residuals (CPOs, TROs) has never been measured, despite its importance in assessing potential harm. Discussion points are provided, such as the relationship between analytical findings and actual wastewater flows, and the peer-reviewing of monitoring schemes and reports.
Caveolin-Mediated Endocytosis: Bacterial Pathogen Exploitation and Host-Pathogen Interaction
Authors: Drolia Rishi , Barman Dibyasree
Published: November 2024

Within mammalian cells, diverse endocytic mechanisms, including phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis, serve as gateways exploited by many bacterial pathogens and toxins. Among these, caveolae-mediated endocytosis is characterized by lipid-rich caveolae and dimeric caveolin proteins. Caveolae are specialized microdomains on cell surfaces that impact cell signaling. Caveolin proteins facilitate the creation of caveolae and have three members in vertebrates: caveolin-1, caveolin-2, and caveolin-3. Many bacterial pathogens hijack caveolin machinery to invade host cells. For example, the Gram-positive facultative model intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes exploits caveolin-mediated endocytosis for efficient cellular entry, translocation across the intestinal barrier, and cell-cell spread. Caveolin facilitates the internalization of group A Streptococci by promoting the formation of invaginations in the plasma membrane and avoiding fusion with lysosomes, thereby aiding intracellular survival. Caveolin plays a crucial role in internalizing and modulation of host immune responses by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, such as Escherichia coli K1, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Here, we summarize how bacterial pathogens manipulate the host's caveolin system to facilitate bacterial entry and movement within and between host cells, support intracellular survival, evade immune responses, and trigger inflammation. The knowledge enhances the intervention of new therapeutic targets against caveolin in microbial invasion and immune evasion processes.
Synthesis of bispidine based PSMA targeted conjugate and initial investigations.
Authors: Machulkin Aleksei E. , Petrov Stanislav A. , Kraynova Maria D. , Garanina Anastasiia S. , Egorova Bayirta V. , Timoshenko Roman V. , Vaneev Alexander N. , Erofeev Alexander S. , Priselkova Anna B. , Kalinin Mikhail A. , Medved'ko Aleksei V. , Kalmykov Stepan N. , Beloglazkina Elena K. , Vatsadze Sergey Z.
Published: November 2024

Nowadays PSMA ligands are widely used for radiotheragnostic purposes of prostate cancer. The goal of this study was to synthesize and estimate stability in vitro of copper complex with diacetate bispidine ligand (Bisp1), its bifunctional derivative (Bisp-alkyne) and its conjugate – bispidine-PSMA ligand (PSMA-Bisp) to evaluate the possibility of applying one as radiotheragnostic agent. The synthesis for PSMA-Bisp conjugate was developed and realized with good yields. All newly synthesized compounds were characterized by a set of physicochemical methods: 1H and 13C NMR, HRMS and LCMS (for final molecules). Subsequently, Bisp1 and Bisp-alkyne and its derivative PSMA-Bisp were labelled by 64Cu at mild conditions. In vitro studies of the labelled conjugate [64Cu]Cu-PSMA-Bisp have shown the great stability in model solutions. Finally, [64Cu]Cu-PSMA-Bisp was compared to well-known PSMA-617 conjugate labelled with 64Cu and they have showed similar stability in excess of bovine serum (BVS), and at the same time labelling PSMA-Bisp with 64Cu is characterized by extremely high kinetics at mild conditions, while labeling PSMA-617 with 64Cu requires heating (90 °C) [PMCID: PMC5435610]. Thus, the conjugate PSMA-Bisp could be promising candidate for further investigations expanded in vitro and in vivo investigations.
Can Galectin-3 Be Used as a Predictor of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity: Insights from High-Volume-Patient Single Center
Authors: Brajkovic Milica , Nikolic Sofija , Popadic Viseslav , Milic Natasa , Rajovic Nina , Nikolic Novica , Sekulic Ana , Brankovic Marija , Stjepanovic Mihailo , Popevic Spasoje , Milovanovic Branko , Zdravkovic Marija
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a condition characterized by intermittent airway obstructions, leading to reduced oxygen levels and increased sympathetic nervous system activity. OSA can cause a range of health problems, including an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality. Galectin-3, a member of the galectin family, plays a significant role in inflammation and fibrosis. It is elevated in various conditions, including heart and lung diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether galectin-3 levels are related to the severity of sleep apnea. Materials and methods: A total of 191 participant from University Clinical Hospital Center Bezanijska Kosa, Belgrade, Serbia, between January 2023, and May 2024. was included in the analyses. All patients have been hospitalized under suspicion of OSA, and they have all undergone a polysomnography test. Various demographic, respiratory, laboratory, and clinical parameters were obtained. Correlations between numerical variables and galectin-3 were assessed by the Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficient. Univariate and multivariate linear regression models were used to assess predictors of galectin-3 values. In all analyses, the significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of study participants was 56.2 years, mostly male (68.9%). Of comorbidities, two thirds of patients had hypertension (66.1%), 46.8% had hyperlipoproteinemia, and 21.1% had diabetes mellitus. Galectin-3 values significantly differed according to the examined groups (p=0.038), where patients who had an AHI of less than fifteen events per hour more often had lower values of galectin-3 in contrast to patients who had AHI of at least 15 events per hour, but fewer than 30 (p=0.019) and an AHI of at least 30 events per hour (p=0.046). In multivariate linear regression analysis significant independant predictors of higher galectin-3 values were older age, presence of coronary disease, hypoventilation syndrome, higher BMI, NTproBNP, lactate, creatinine, lower LDL, and lower FEV1 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that galectin-3 is linked to the severity of OSA and plays a crucial role in inflammation induced by intermittent hypoxia in OSA. Further screening and interventions targeting galectin-3 could aid in preventing inflammatory diseases related to sleep disturbances.
Stable RuIr Nanoalloy Structured Catalyst for Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Wang Jingru , Dong Xianshu , Fan Yuping , Wang Yingyong , Guo Xiangyun
Published: November 2024

The hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) is an important route to prepare high-value biomass-based platform compound γ-valerolactone (GVL). Herein, a highly efficient RuIr alloy bimetallic catalyst supported on SiC for the aqueous hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) into γ-valerolactone (GVL) under mild conditions. The RuIr/SiC catalyst exhibited a high LA conversion and GVL selectivity (both >99%) in water under 0.2 MPa H2 pressure at 25 oC. The excellent performance is due to the synergistic effect of Ru and Ir nanoparticles on the semiconducting SiC. Moreover, the activity of RuIr/SiC alloy catalyst did not change significantly after 5 cycles, indicating that the bimetallic alloy catalyst has high stability.