bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of critically endangered medicinal plant Swertia chirayita for developing conservation strategies
Authors: Singh Nilay , Sharma Neetu , Sharma Promila , . Bhawana , Agarwal Bindu
Published: April 2022

AMedicinal plants always play an important role in pharmaceutical applications. Swertia chirayita is one of the chief plants of the Gentianeace family. It is a potent drug used in Ayurveda, Siddha, and Homoeopathy in many formulations and is efficient in the healing of a range of diseases. The foremost emphasis of this assessment is in the direction of evaluating the versatile, multi-potential medicinal use of Swertia chirayita and updating information about pharmacognostical, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies. Swertia chirayitais has extensive types of characteristics, such as antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, antioxidant activity, etc. The current scenario and condition of this plant show that the prevailing number of these species is ebbing at a very great proportion. So, there must be different efficient conservation and sustentation strategies that can be put into effect for the preservation of this plant in its natural ecosystem. If felicitous methods are not augmented and employed, the extinction of these species cannot be ruled out anytime soon in the future. So, at this critical stage, there must be some urgent and active conservation strategies to be implemented at the earliest possible date. Keywords: Swertia chirayita, Gentianaceae, Chemical composition, Amarogentine, Pharmacological.
A review on change control: A critical process of the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Pandey Kanak , Paliwal Sonia , Joshi Himanshu , Bisht Neema , Kumar Navin
Published: April 2022

Change control is the most basic component in a drug organization's quality administration framework, deficient switch control techniques wind up making a tremendous danger of rebelliousness. The administrative direction for Industry plainly fortifies the significance of executing a successful change control technique as a basic part in a general quality framework. The idea of progress control is intently intertwined with administrative compliance. Vendors change cycles, sources, and details for crude materials, gear requires fix, administration, or substitution, producing areas are changed, clump sizes are expanded or diminished and headways in innovation are made that direct changes to the activities. In the wake of giving of Marketing Authorization as well as assembling, numerous progressions happen across the Product lifecycle, for example Scaling up of pilot clump into business bunch and variety in assembling measures, excipients and fabricating locales. Every one of these progressions are considered as post endorsement changes or varieties. These varieties should be endorsed by the particular administrative specialists of a country. If not, it puts the promoting approval holder or potentially permit holder in danger. Legitimate administration of changes is basic and appropriate change the board lessens the danger of suspension of licenses and the admonition letter from the administrative specialists. The current audit gives an industry insight on Change Control framework and significance of the Quality Management System. Keywords: Change Control, Quality Management System, Change Management System, Risk Assessment.
NF-?? Pathway is a key modulator of BRCA-1 mutation induced chemo-Resistance in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Balakrishnan Jeyakumar , Govindasamy Ambujam , Ramuthevar Arunagiri , Kannan Suganya
Published: April 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered to be more aggressive and have a poorer prognosis than other types of breast cancer. The specific gene expression pattern between TNBC and other non-triple negative breast cancer (nTNBC) is yet to be resolved. Hence the present study was aimed to study the BRCA-1 status and measure the important tumor markers mRNA expression in peripheral blood samples of TNBC and other nTNBC subjects and compared with control subjects. EDTA blood samples were obtained from 25 CA (cancer) breast patients and 25 controls for DNA and RNA isolation. PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to check the BRCA-1 mutation in all the samples. Results showed that BRCA-1 mutation was present in all TNBC patients. Subsequently, quantitative RT-PCR was performed to detect the relative mRNA expression of NF-κβ, VEGFA, Caspase-3, and ERBB2 gene transcripts. Results showed that the transcript levels of NF-κβ, VEGFA, and ERBB2 were significantly up regulated in TNBC (p=0.0001) when compared to nTNBC and control. Transcript levels of caspase-3 were significantly down regulated (p=0.0001) in TNBC compared to nTNBC and control subjects. In conclusion, BRCA-1 mutation in TNBC patients confers resistance to chemotherapy activated by NF-κβ pathway and activation of adhesion and angiogenesis was associated with aggressive and poor prognosis in TNBC patients. Keywords: TNBC, Breast cancer, Cytokines, Tumour and gene expression.
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and anticancer evaluation of (E)-N'-benzylidene-6-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide derivatives
Authors: Verma Mohan , Verma Prabhakar Kumar
Published: April 2022

The synthesis of a novel family of pyrimidine derivatives has been completed. Infrared–infrared (IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrum data were used to describe these pyrimidine derivatives. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram negative strain (Escherichia coli) and Gram positive strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strain (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) and anticancer potential against Human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Results of antimicrobial and anticancer study revealed that compounds (E)-N'-(3-nitrobenzylidene)-6-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide (4) and (E)-N'-(3-chlorobenzylidene)-6-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carbohydrazide (10) were found to be the most potent antimicrobial and anticancer agents respectively. Keywords: Pyrimidine, Anti-microbial activity, Anti-cancer activity, Benzaldehyde, Pyrimidine derivatives.
Effectiveness of endonasal cranial balloon release technique in relieving symptoms of migraine and improving the quality of work in a sedentary worker - A single case study
Authors: Agarwal Anjali , Kumar Suraj , Potturi Gowrishankar
Published: April 2022

Migraine is a neurological condition affecting women more than man is often a cause to decrease the quality of work and productivity in workers. This study introduces a novel technique Endonasal Cranial balloon release, which has potential benefits in the treatment of migraine and its symptoms. This is a single case report of 37-year-old female who presented with a 2-year history of migraine with no other comorbidities and having difficulty in participating actively in the work-place. After explaining the entire procedure and written consent, the patient was treated with Endonasal Cranial balloon release for four sessions, each session a day continuously. The pain was assessed by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The impact of migraine was assessed by Headache Impact Test (HIT). The impact of migraine on work productivity was assessed by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire. All the outcome measures were measured pre-treatment, Post-treatment after completion of all four sessions, and after one-month follow-up. The patient pain has reduced tremendously, with improved work productivity and participation. This study concludes that the Endonasal Cranial Balloon Release technique would reduce the pain and discomfort due to migraines without remissions. It rehabilitates the worker with improved productivity. We also suggest several randomized clinical trials should be conducted to identify the potential benefits of this therapy. Keywords: Migraine, Endonasal Cranial Balloon Release, Headache.
Investigation of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in bioactive components of Jatropha podagrica stem bark
Authors: Minh Truong Ngoc , Andriana Yusuf , Minh Bui Quang , Quang Trung Nguyen , Guzman-Gelani Chona de
Published: April 2022

This study was conducted to examine the activity of antioxidants against xanthine oxidase in bioactive extracts from Jatropha podagrica stem bark. Among the extracts, the EtOAc extract showed the strongest antioxidant activity and xanthine oxidase inhibition. Column chromatography isolation using different ratios of ‘ethyl acetate-hexane’ (2:8, 3:7, and 4:6) yielded five fractions (M1-M5), which were identified and confirmed in the previous study. Specifically, the fractions included methyl gallate and gallic acid (M1); methyl gallate, gallic acid, and fraxetin (M2); methyl gallate, fraxetin and tomentin (M3); methyl gallate and fraxetin (M4); and fraxetin (M5). Employing allopurinol as the positive control (IC50= 20.2 μg/mL), M3, was found to have the highest level of xanthine oxidase inhibitors (IC50 = 69.7 μg/mL), followed by M5 (fraxetin, IC50 = 106.9 μg/mL). The results of this study proposed Jatropha podagrica as an alternative and potential source for the treatment of gout symptoms. Keywords: Xanthine Oxidase, Jatropha podagrica, Inhibitor, Stem, Bark.
Spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate and telmisartan in synthetic mixture by first order derivative method
Authors: Dudhrejiya Ashvin , Patel Ashok , Chavda Jayant , Gol Dhruvanshi , Koli Priyal
Published: April 2022

The established method represents the development and validation of a straight forward, precise, accurate, specific and reproducible method for the simultaneous estimation of Efonidipine Hydrochloride Ethanolate and Telmisartan in synthetic mixture. First order derivative of the overlay spectra was used for quantification of both drugs. This method involving the determination of both drugs at their respective zero crossing point working wavelength was observed 231.00 nm (Zero crossing point of Telmisartan) for Efonidipine hydrochloride ethanolate and 238.60 nm (Zero crossing point of Efonidipine Hydrochloride Ethanolate) for Telmisartan using methanol as diluent. International conference on harmonization (ICH) (Q2R1) guideline was used for method validation. The Beer-Lambert’s law obeyed in the concentration range of 2-18 μg/ml and 4-36 μg/ml for Efonidipine Hydrochloride Ethanolate and Telmisartan, respectively. The percentage recovery was found in the range of 98-101 % of Efonidipine Hydrochloride Ethanolate and 98.46-99.77% of Telmisartan. The % relative standard deviation of precision and repeatability study was found beneath 1%. This simple and precise method can be used of both drugs in quality control laboratories. Keywords: Efonidipine Hydrochloride Ethanolate, First order derivative, ICH Q2 (R1), Telmisartan, UV spectroscopy.
Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and anticancer evaluation of pyrimidines Clubbed with thiazolidinone
Authors: Verma Mohan , Verma Prabhakar Kumar
Published: April 2022

A series of novel derivatives of pyrimidine clubbed with thiazolidinone was synthesized in good yield and characterized by physiochemical and spectral means. All the synthesized derivatives were evaluated for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Antimicrobial properties of the title compounds were investigated against Gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative bacterial (Escherichia coli) as well fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). The anticancer evaluation of synthesized compounds against HeLa Cervical cancer cell Line indicated that (Z)-N-(5-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide and (Z)-N-(5-(4-(diethylamino)benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-phenylthiazolidin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxamide (PT9, IC50 = 12.68μM and PT14, IC50 = 15.27μM) was the most active anticancer agent and was more potent than standard drug, Doxorubicin (IC50 =16.12μM). All newly synthesized compounds also exhibited promising results against microbial strains. Keywords: Pyrimidine, Thiazolidinone, Antimicrobial activity, HeLa Cancer cell line, Anti-cancer activity.
جهود حسان بن ثابت رضي الله عنه في الدفاع عن الإسلام
Efforts of Hassan bin Thabet in Defending Islam
Authors: Saleem Haris , Hussain Ghulam
Published: April 2022

Hassan bin Thabet, companion of the Prophet PBUH is commonly referred to as the poet of the Prophet and Islam. He died in Madinah 674 at the age of one hundred and twenty years. He has produced many poems and poetry in the defense of Prophet Muhammad SAAW and Islam. His writings in defense of Muhammad contain references to contemporary events that have been useful in documenting the period. He was also Islam's first religious poet, using many phrases from the Qur'an in his verses. The work of Hassan Ibn Thabit was instrumental in spreading the message of Muhammad, as poetry was an important part of Arab culture. The purpose of this article is to analyze his contribution to the defense and Prophet of Islam. The article also highlights the worth of his poetry along with his biography. The method used in this research is descriptive and analytical.
Teaching Energy Efficiency: A Cross-Border Public Class and Lesson Study in STEM
Authors: Isoda Masami , Araya Roberto , Eddy Colleen , Matney Gabriel , Williams Joseph , Calfucura Patricio , Aguirre Carlos , Becerra Pablo , Gormaz Raúl , Soto-Andrade Jorge , Noine Takeshi , Mena-Lorca Arturo , Olfos Raimundo , Baldin Yuriko , Malaspina Uldarico
Published: April 2022

As part of an APEC educational project on the cross-cutting concept of energy, researchers and teachers from 6 countries spent 8 months designing, testing and implementing a pilot STEM public class with two schools from Chile and one from the US. One of the researchers taught a lesson from a school in Chile, with a live transmission to the other two schools via Skype. At the same time, the lesson was also broadcasted via videostreaming. In addition to live questions and answers, students used individual devices to answer four open-ended questions that were commented on by the reseacher as he received them. The experience demonstrated that Cross-Border Public Classes boost student engagement and represent a promising strategy for introducing a key 21st century skill: synchronous learning involving multiple teams across the world. It also revealed how Lesson Study and Public Classes integrated with ICT network technology can form a powerful learning ecosystem for regional development and social innovation.
Why so serious? The Role of Gamification on Motivation and Engagement in e-Participation
Authors: Thiel Sarah-Kristin , Ertio Titiana Petra , Baldauf Matthias
Published: April 2022

Since the emergence of e-participation platforms, an increase of public participation has not yet been documented. Recently practitioners and researchers have begun to explore the applicability of gamification in the hope to promote the usage of e-participation services. Gamification has been proven partially successful in several domains, but is only emerging in public participation. This work provides insights on whether game components can promote public participation. We report on the evaluation of a gamified mobile participation application in a field trial that took place in Turku, Finland over a period of five months. We focus on whether specific factors (internal & external) can be used to predict active participation. Our results indicate that citizens are primarily motivated by genuine interest in urban planning. Although gamification had little influence, it did add to some users' motivation. The approach did, however, not succeed in engaging new groups.
Company without act of incoporation
Authors:   University of Belgrade Facculty of Law, Serbia, Vasiljević Mirko
Published: April 2022

The general theory of companies based on specialized laws governing them is based on their naming and classification according to related characteristics (named companies). All companies have prescribed general constitutive (essential) elements which are common to them, the lack of which would entail invalid company, but each individual company, depending on the type, has some special elements which are added to the general ones with identical legal effect. In the context of the existence of the concept of legally named types of companies, the question arises of the possibility of the existence of “de facto company” as a kind of unnamed company. Although this company does not exist in the conceptual sense (the legislator does not recognize it), it exists in the functional sense, and it is recognized as such by comparative case law. In the Serbian legal practice (civil and commercial), this company also exists in this sense, but Serbian case law still does not recognize it. In our opinion, recognizing the existence of this company in a number of factual situations of association of legal and/or natural persons, and on that basis the appropriate application of the regime of companies (mainly partnerships) to this company, would raise legal security threshold and improve the position of creditors of this company, its members, on the basis of the institute of fairness and thus moralizing the law.
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on civil proceedings
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Jakšić Aleksandar
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic is a health care crisis with serious human and social consequences, with challenges for the courts and the judiciary all around the world. It has created the conditions to reflect on the possibilities of applying innovative measures in the judiciary. In the context of domestic realities, we note that the gaps in the procedural legislation and other technical and legal shortcomings of the rules and institutions of civil procedural law significantly affect the access to justice. State civil courts have suspended dockets, allowed litigants to delay their cases, or are operating in person but with more limited contact. Serbian courts could not and still cannot shift to remote operation by phone or video. The so-called “virtual hearing” is not allowed by Serbian law. This article especially addresses to issues of duty to safeguard the public hearing in both the court room and in case of holding a virtual hearing.
Combining methods of sale of bankruptcy debtor's property
Authors:   University of Belgrade Facculty of Law, Serbia, Mišković Maša
Published: April 2022

Serbian Law on Bankruptcy provides for three methods of sale of bankruptcy debtor’s property: public auction, public collection of offers and direct agreement. The case law raises the question of the (im)possibility of combining the methods of sale of the bankruptcy debtor’s property. For example, the question arises whether it is possible to sell the bankruptcy debtor’s property, firstly, by conducting a public collection of offers, and after that a public auction, in order to reach the highest possible value of the bankruptcy debtor’s property. Hence, the main question in this paper is whether it is possible to combine the methods of sale of the bankruptcy debtor’s property, if it represents a way of achieving the highest value of the bankruptcy debtor’s property. This issue is important, given that the main aim of bankruptcy shall be to ensure the most favorable collective settlement of bankruptcy creditors by achieving the highest possible value for the bankruptcy debtor’s property.
Virtual currency services providers – certain issues of legal status
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Mihailović Jovana , Terzić Danilović Ivana ,   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia
Published: April 2022

Regarding the fact that digital assets services providers are new in domestic legal system, the aim of this paper is to point out certain aspects of its status, in the part related to virtual currency. Firstly, authors deal with legal sources of domestic law and, with the aim to provide broader context, EU law. There-after the notion of virtual currency services provider is explained along with the way of obtaining that status. In the central part of the paper, the analysis of the services in which those subjects are entitled to engage is given as well as specific conditions that need to be fulfilled for authorized provision of services. Finally, the ways of termination of status are presented. Authors conclude that a cautious approach has been used in regulating those subjects due to the nature of its services and the risks, aiming to minimize possibilities for abuse.
Extrajudicial eviction
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Džipković Ksenija
Published: April 2022

Author discusses extrajudicial eviction in legal theory and practice. It is debatable whether the acquirer must initiate the “provocative litigation” against a third party who claims that a certain right belongs to him in order to exercise the rights regarding eviction in the case of extrajudicial harassment. The positive answer would deny the existence of extrajudicial eviction. After analysing the historical evolution of the institute, different views of legal authors, the legislative attitude in domestic and comparative law, author concludes that there are situations in which the acquirer will enjoy the right to protection regardless of if the right of the third party was established by the court. Protection shall be granted if the right of the third party is established on a firm basis and if the acquirer has acquired the right on the different basis to the extent that he should have acquired by a contract.
Subjective elements of payment of indue
Authors:   University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, Serbia, Stefanović Aleksandra
Published: April 2022

The author analyses subjective conditions for condictio indebiti. She tries to separate legal and psychological aspects of previously mentioned elements, and to indicate an existing need to elaborate this institute in legislation and legal theory. Subjective elements are also integrated in the later phase of condictio indebiti – special norms provisioning restitution. Scope of the restitution depends on the good faith of the payer. Also, there are cases when the restitution is permanently withheld as a result of the bad faith of the acquirer. Comparative and dogmatic methods are used in the article.
Teaching language and literacy with games: What? How? Why?
Authors: deHaan Jonathan
Published: April 2022

In this successful one-year extracurricular project, I implemented the pedagogy of multiliteracies to address discouraging trends and under-recognized ideas uncovered by asking critical questions about the practices and purposes of teaching language and literacy with games. The student, with my help, played games, analyzed texts, explored academic concepts, and actively participated on a gaming website. What and how she learned was investigated using session transcripts, textual analysis work, the participatory project, concept maps, questionnaires, interviews, and language tests. Key findings were: (1) careful integration of goals, activities and games resulted in literacy, intellectual and participatory development, (2) materials and teacher mediation helped her learn and accomplish more than she could individually, (3) learning occurred mostly around games, not during games, (4) multimodality and affinity spaces contributed to broad linguistic exploration and better understanding, (5) learning repertoires were extended and elements were transferred, (6) she struggled with some textual meanings, some sociocultural connections and some assignments. The teacher’s role is described in detail. Language teaching and learning with games can evolve by integrating important aspects of goal-setting, pedagogical frameworks, materials, active teacher mediation, multimodality, multiple learning spaces and a broader consideration of games. I challenge researchers to broaden their horizons. I guide teachers by sharing frameworks, materials and accounts of interactions with the student.
Evaluating the Relationship Between Acute Pain Perception and Gut Microbiota Among Female University Students in Japan: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shiro Yukiko , Arai Young-Chang , Ikemoto Tatsunori , Ushida Takahiro
Published: April 2022

: The gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in gut-brain communication, and the ‘gut-brain axis’ has attracted much attention as a factor influencing human host health. We previously reported that pain perception may be associated with GM composition in males. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between GM composition and pain perception among 42 healthy female university students in Japan. Pain perception was evaluated by pressure pain threshold (PPT), current perception threshold (CPT), temporal summation of pain (TSP), conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and a questionnaire on psychological state. CPT was stimulated at 5, 250, and 2,000 Hz, which reflected the thresholds of the C, Aδ, and Aβ fibers, respectively. Also, GM composition was estimated using 16S rRNA analysis. The lower alpha diversity was associated with, the lower PPT (rs = 0.330, P < 0.05) and CPT of 2000 Hz (re = 0.339, P < 0.05). Furthermore, alpha diversity was identified as an explanatory variable for PPT (β = 0.424, P < 0.01) and TSP (β = -0.317, P < 0.05), alpha diversity and state anxiety for CPT of 2000 Hz (β = 0.321, P < 0.05), and state anxiety for CPT of 250 Hz (β = 0.320, P < 0.05). However, there was no relationship between the rate of major phylum and pain perception.
A Descriptive Case Series Study from 2009 to 2019 and a Brief Review on Takayasu’s Arteritis Patients in Arak
Authors: Tabatabaei Mohsen , Tasorian Baharak
Published: April 2022

Background: Takayasu is a form of large vessel vasculitis that mainly affects the aorta and its branches. It is a chronic disease, and the long-term prognosis depends on arterial complications and its progressive stage. Objectives: This project is a single-center descriptive study of Takayasu’s arteritis patients in Arak city aimed to determine these demographic patterns, which can help physicians in early diagnosis. Methods: All Takayasu’s arteritis patients referred to the rheumatology center of Amir Al-Momenin subspecialty clinic were studied from 2009 to 2019. Imaging methods were used for diagnosis, and SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 17 registered patients, information of nine patients was available from the beginning of diagnosis. Constitutional signs and symptoms indicated an inflammatory process in 77.78% of the patients. All patients in this study received a steroid-sparing drug as a part of the treatment, and the most commonly used drug was methotrexate, which was used in all patients at the onset. Conclusions: This study reports the details and the characteristics of patients with Takayasu’s Arteritis in Arak, Iran. Although the number of patients was small, these results can inform the physicians about the signs, symptoms, and complications of delayed diagnosis of this disease. One of the most important points in the diagnosis of Takayasu is the delay between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis of the disease. This delay may lead to irreversible complications and increased morbidity.
Comparison of Lipid Profile Components in Different Degrees of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Northern Part of Iran
Authors: Ezoji Khadijeh , Firouzmandi Fatemeh , Mikaniki Ebrahim , Ghadimi Reza , Hosseini Seyed Reza , Bijani Ali , Roustaei GholamAbbas , Ghasemi Mehrnoosh , Rasoulinejad Seyed Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly. Objectives: Due to the increasing rate of aging and the possible role of impaired lipid metabolism as a critical pathogenic factor in AMD, this study investigated the association between serum lipid profile and AMD in the elderly of the north of Iran. Methods: This nested case-control study (as a part of the comparative cohort of “The Amirkola Health and Ageing Project”) was performed on 77 patients with AMD and 231 healthy individuals over 60 years of age. During the ophthalmic examination, tropicamide 1% eye drops were used to dilate the pupil. Fluorescein angiography was used to diagnose AMD. Serum lipid profile components, such as triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), were measured in blood samples through standard laboratory methods. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 24). Results: The triglycerides mean values in AMD patients and controls were 123.32 ± 56.27 and 138.32 ± 69.58 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.075). The cholesterol mean values were 184.75 ± 43.87 and 189.59 ± 43.52 mg/dL in AMD patients and controls, respectively (P = 0.402). The LDL mean values in AMD patients and controls were 101.42 ± 32.08 and 103.45 ± 30.83 mg/dL, respectively (P = 0.621). The HDL mean values were 48.94 ± 11.93 and 50.37 ± 12.18 mg/dL in the AMD patients and controls, respectively (P = 0.365). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the different degrees of AMD in terms of mean triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, and HDL. Conclusions: In the present study, no significant association was observed between the levels of serum lipid profile components and AMD. In addition, no significant difference was observed between different degrees of AMD in terms of serum lipid profile components.
Oral Complications of Congestive Heart Failure Drugs in Patients Referred to Heart Clinics in Birjand (Iran) in 2016
Authors: Akbari Narjes , Kazemi Toba , Raeesi Vajihollah , Samiee Negin , Saadati Mohsen
Published: April 2022

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common medical disorder, and the number of medicines available to address CVDs is on the rise; meanwhile, complications and drug interactions are major concerns. CVD patients’ medications include hypertension, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, and congestive heart failure. However, their administration is associated with side effects such as oral dryness, change in taste, and a burning sensation in the mouth. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate medicine-related oral complications of patients with heart failure. Methods: Following a cross-sectional design, 340 patients (146 men and 194 women) referring to heart clinics in Birjand (Iran) from March to September 2016 were evaluated. The mean age of participants was 60.13 ± 9.35. Participants were interviewed using standard checklists, and a complete clinical examination of the oral cavity for the presence of any oral mucosal lesions was performed using a mirror and dental probe. Data were analyzed using SPSS v. 22. Results: The most common side effect of heart failure medications was oral dryness (28.8%), followed by bitter taste (11.2%) in the mouth. The side effects were proportional to the patient’s age and the time since receiving the medication. Conclusions: Educational pamphlets are suggested to be separately prepared for patients and cardiologists about ways to prevent oral side effects of medications and oral considerations. Dentists can use supportive treatments and sialagogue medications to improve oral complications upon appropriate referrals.
Dilution, Hybrids and Saving Space for the Sacred
Authors: McCartney Patrick S. D. ,   Academic Publishing
Published: April 2022

The global consumption of yoga appears to have reached the saturation point in many market segments. In Japan, it is possible that with the seemingly endless array of X+Yoga hybrids that the consumption of Yoga is waning. While it is difficult to assess this with accuracy, it is increasingly difficult to delineate what yoga is. Therefore, how might one attend to answering a question related to yoga and sacred space in Japan? This paper explores the promotion of some relatively local hybrids such as temple yoga, face yoga, ninja yoga, nature yoga, and serotonin yoga.
Enseñanzas de san Agustín laico y presbítero sobre los sacramentos
Authors: Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

This article lists and examines the Agustín’s texts, that he wrote as a layman and as a presbyter, on which the noun sacramentum is read alone or accompanied by verbs and other nouns or adjectives. The essay considers likewise later augustinian passages, in which the early original syntagm shows new overtones. On the basis of these textual and theological facts, it is possible to elaborate an augustinian sacramentology, not necessarily coincident with the sacramental doctrine, usual in theological Faculties.
La relación filosófica entre Agustín y Heidegger según la investigación contemporánea
Authors: de Paulo Craig J. N. , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article examines an 'hermeneutical revival' of Augustine, that is, the philosophical significance of the historical and methodological influence of St. Augustine on Martin Heidegger's Sein und Zeit, and how this is becoming increasingly more evident in the contribution of scholars of phenomenology and patrology to this discussion, especially since 1993.
Fil 1,29 en algunos sermones de san Agustín sobre los mártires
Authors: Eguiarte Bendímez Enrique A. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article studies Augustine's exegesis of Phil 1, 29 in his work De praedestinatione sanctorum, and analyzes how Augustine explains this text in some of his sermons about the martyrs, who have received, in a special way, as a gift, not only to believe in Christ, but also to suffer for him.
Los diáconos según san Agustín
Authors: Vannier Marie-Anne , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article examines the role of deacons in the ancient Church, to underline the relationship that Augustine had with the deacons in his Church, and also the role they played in the Church of Hippo and in North Africa, based on the research of Elisabeth Paoli.
Cronología de los ‘sermones ad populum’ de san Agustín II: ‘sermones’ 5-8; 184-196 y 369-370
Authors: Drobner Hubertos R. , Anoz José ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

This study continues the discussions of dating Augustine’s sermons, using Augustine’s sermons 5-8 and also Christmas sermons (184-196 and 369-370) as the basis. It also ineludes an excursus, summarizing the status of present discussions and identifying the value and goal of this effort from a methodological perspective.
El descenso de Cristo en algunas ‘Enarrationes in Psalmos’ de san Agustín
Authors: Eguiarte Enrique A. ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

This article deals with the key concept of “descensus” in Saint Augustine’s soteriology, as it is presented in Enarrationes in Psalmos, stressing the images that Augustine uses, and his linking of this “descensus” of Christ with Redemption’s mysteries.
Cicerón, Agustín y las raíces filosóficas de los diálogos de Casiciaco
Authors: Foley Michael P. , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

To fully understand St. Augustine’s Cassiciacum dialogues, one must understand how they relate to the philosophical works of Marcus Tullius Cicero. Specifically, Augustine’s Contra Academicos is a response to Cicero’s Academica; and his De beata uita is a response to Cicero’s De finibus and Tusculanæ disputationes; and his De ordine is a response to Cicero’s trilogy on providence, De natura deorum, De diuinatione, and De fato. Recognizing the connection between these works sheds new light on the meaning and importance of the Cassiciacum dialogues.
El recurso a Ambrosio, en el ‘Opus imperfectum contra lulianum’ de Agustín de Hipona
Authors: Grossi Vittorino , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the controversy among Augustine and Julian of Eclanum, underlining the different interpretation of the quotations of Ambrose as it is reflected in Augustine’s work Contra lulianum opus imperfectum. Stresses also the accusations of Manicheism from lulianus to Augustine, and the different comprehension of Tradition, that Augustine and Julian had.
Uso agustiniano de la tradición, en la controversia con Juliano de Eclana
Authors: Lamberigts Mathijs , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the way in which Augustine presented his auctoritates in the debate with Julian of Eclanum, and how they functioned in his polemics. It leaves aside the content of the texts quoted, and the theological issues at stake in the debate between Julian and Augustine, for presenting, first Julian's complaints and critiques. Then a survey of the way in which Augustine presents the individual doctors. Finally it examines how these Fathers function in Augustine's defense.
Juliano de Eclana y la Hirpinia cristiana. Razones para un congreso
Authors: Nazzaro Antonio V. , Eguiarte Enrique ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

Speech on the ocasion of the inauguration of the conference Julian of Aeclanum and the christian Hirpinia’, on June 4th 2003, Naple.
Estar alerta en beneficio de los demás. La predicación de Agustín al inicio de la cuaresma
Authors: van Reisen Hans , Beumer Nico ,   Order of Augustinian Recollects
Published: April 2022

This article deals with some of Saint Augustine’s Lent sermons, underlining, first the way in which Augustine relates the number of days before Easter to the life of the human being in this World. It also develops the topic of the imitatio Christi as it is presented in these sermons and the different possibilities for fasting during Lent. Finally it stresses some theological concepts developed in these sermons.
Facts vs. Opinions: Helping Students Overcome the Distinction
Authors: Barry Galen ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2022

Many students struggle to enter moral debates in a productive way because they automatically think of moral claims as ‘just opinions’ and not something one could productively argue about. Underlying this response are various versions of a muddled distinction between ‘facts’ and ‘opinions.’ This paper outlines a way to help students overcome their use of this distinction, thereby clearing an obstacle to true moral debate. It explains why the fact-opinion distinction should simply be scrapped, rather than merely sharpened. It then proposes a different distinction well suited to replace it. Finally, it outlines an activity which can be used to teach the new distinction, as well as a number of benefits to attempting the whole replacement process.
The Case for Philosophy as a General-Education Requirement
Authors: Metcalf Thomas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2022

I argue that colleges should include philosophy courses as general-education requirements. I begin by explaining the prima facie case against general-education requirements and the need for philosophers to defend their courses’ place in the general-education curriculum. Next, I present two arguments for philosophy as a general-education requirement. The first is the Argument from Content: that philosophy courses’ content tends to match the intended nature and purposes of general-education courses. The second is the Argument from Outcomes: that even if philosophy courses didn’t match the intended purposes of general-education courses, they would still be appropriate as general-education requirements, because there is empirical evidence that philosophy courses produce valuable skills and knowledge in students.
Wave propagation theory of multi-scale wave induced flow in unsaturated porous medium
Authors: Li Hong-Xing , Zhang Jia-Hui , Fan Jia-Wei , Tao Chun-Hui , Xiao Kun , Huang Guang-Nan , Sheng Shu-Zhong , Gong Meng ,   State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China,   Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
Published: April 2022

When elastic waves propagate in an unsaturated porous medium, the macro Biot flow, micro squirt flow, and meso flow will occur. The unsaturated porous medium is equivalent to the inclusion of gas phase porous fluid embedded in the background medium containing liquid phase porous fluid. Based on the unsaturated dual porous medium model, the micro squirt flow is introduced, and the wave propagation equation of unsaturated porous medium including macro, micro and mesoscopic scale wave introduced flow is established. The numerical analysis indicates that the model in this paper can better predict the wave velocity dispersion and attenuation in a wider frequency band.
KISS- Keep it Simple Yet Safe: A Dependable Option in Anticipated Difficult Airways
Authors: Mitragotri Milon Vasant , Sachidananda Roopa , Venugopal Triveni Bedradi , Sherikar Priti
Published: April 2022

Difficult airway guidelines provide an algorithmic approach as suggested by many international societies and journals. These guidelines have always been made with an earnest conviction at securing an airway with utmost safety and they provide a framework in times of difficulty. These guidelines are likely to add complexity with technological advances and gadgets available at hand like video laryngoscopes, fibreoptic bronchoscope etc., that may confuse the anaesthesiologist and hinder the decision making process. KISS- Keep it Simple, Stupid!– A concept well known, was first used in aviation which advices the pilot to keep things simple. We applied the same principle to our airway management protocol by modifying it into ‘Keep it simple yet safe’. The current case series describes 10 subjects which seemed to have a difficult access to airway and intubation. These patients were difficult to ventilate or difficult to intubate. Cases were successfully managed by applying this KISS technique. Due care was taken to keep our difficult airway cart ready as an alternative option.
Assessment of Routine Preoperative Laboratory Testing Practice among Elective Surgical Patients at a Tertiary Care Institution, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Teklemariam Berhanetsehay Teklewold , Desalegn Migbar , Tadese Mekdim , Gama Maru
Published: April 2022

Introduction: There are over 90,000 major elective surgeries performed each year in Ethiopia. Obtaining routine or baseline preoperative laboratory tests increases healthcare costs. Preoperative testing should be based on clear guiding principles. Hence, tests should be done only if results are likely to affect patient management and postoperative outcome. Aim: To assess routine preoperative laboratory testing practice in patients who underwent elective surgery in a resource-limited setup at a tertiary care institution, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), which is located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A retrospective observational study of medical records was done with proportional sampling among preoperative elective surgical patients of different disciplines from March 2019 to May 2019 to assess the practice of preoperative laboratory testing, appropriateness of use and implied extra cost in comparison with the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Results: Total 353 patients were subjected to a 1567 test. About 643 (41%) of all tests were not indicated and 27 (4.2%) of these had abnormal results. The change in decision rate from unindicated tests were 29.6%. The total deviation rate from National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guideline was 26.5%. The proportion of tests done which conformed to the guidelines (58.9%) were significantly lower than the proportion of test not done but conformed (p-value <0.001). The extra cost incurred was 71.5% of the total cost for the tests. Conclusion: The proportions of tests with expected abnormal results, unexpected abnormal results, and subsequent changes in the decision was low, which underlines the essence of a guideline that takes into account population characteristics.
Attachment Retained Tooth Supported Overdentures: A Case Series
Authors: Potdukhe Shruti , Iyer Janani , Uikey Mithilesh , Nadgere Jyoti
Published: April 2022

Present case series describes the three different types of attachments use for tooth supported overdenture for prosthetic rehabilitation. Loss of teeth causes continuous resorption of the bone leading to a compromised treatment. Retaining two or more natural teeth can be used as an abutment for prosthetic rehabilitation of partial edentulism arches. Preventive prosthodontics includes tooth supported overdentures which preserves natural teeth, roots and maintains propioception. Depending upon the interarch distance available various types of attachments can be used to enhance the retentive factors. The first case (71-year-old female patient) describes the use of telescopic attachment overdenture on 33, 43 with available interarch space of 15 mm in mandibular arch. The second case (62-year-old female patient) describes the use of ball attachments overdenture on 34 and 35 with available interarch space of 13 mm in mandibular arch. The third case (60-year-old female patient) is about equator attachment overdenture on 33, 43 with available interarch space of 12 mm in mandibular arch. Use of telescopic, ball and equator attachments for tooth supported overdentures has enhanced the retention, stability, function and aesthetic outcome of the removable prosthesis in mandibular arch. The natural teeth provide additional support, stability and retention of the overdenture than the edentulous ridges alone which is particularly advantageous for mandibular arch.
Modelling the Effect of Macro-economic Variables on Pension Contribution in Nigeria
Authors: Bala Sani Abdulrahaman , Sani Idris , Hassan Adamu
Published: April 2022

In recent years, the performance of pension contribution funds administrators in Nigeria has been rated as unsatisfactory, negatively impacting the ambitions of retirees. The broad view is that changes in a few macroeconomic variables, such as the foreign exchange rate, annual inflation rate, savings deposit rate, and GDP (income), must have played a role in this issue. As a result, the purpose of this study is to look at the impact of these variables on the pension contribution funds. The research was conducted in Nigeria, and annual data sets on pension contributions and other macroeconomic factors were acquired for the years 2004 through 2020.

The long and short run dynamics of some macroeconomic variables and pension contribution were analyzed using the Auto-regressive Distributed Lag method. The analysis demonstrates a positive and significant association between exchange rate and pension contributions in both the long and short run. Similarly, inflation rate demonstrates a negative and statistically significant link with pension contributions in both the long and short run. The results also show that the Error Correction Model (ECM) coefficient has the correct sign: negative, less than one, and statistically significant which means that, the system will correct itself at a rate of 38 percent from the short to the long run. The study concludes that there should be concerted efforts by the government to curve the excessive inflation rate down, deposit rate should be monitored and always relate it to pensioners fund in order to maintain its financial sustainability.