bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Costs of and benefits resulting from public library e-government service provision: Findings and future directions from an exploratory study
Authors: Mandel Lauren H. , Spears Laura I. , Guenther Debra , McClure Charles R.
Published: December 2013

As the public trusts the library to provide access and support to use computers and the Internet, much of the burden of e-government service provision has shifted from government agencies to public libraries. This unfunded mandate contributes to libraries’ financial burdens in a time of radical public library funding cuts.  Public libraries need to be able to identify the precise costs of this service provision, as well as its benefits, in order to justify additional financial or other resources to support these services, especially high-speed broadband connections to facilitate access to and use of e-government services.  This paper present the findings of an exploratory study designed to identify the range of costs Indiana public libraries incur in their provision of e-government services, as well as the benefits of that service provision.  The multi-method research design employed in this study offers one possible approach by which other states might develop a comprehensive perspective, including costs, of their public libraries’ e-government service provision.
Role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and the Glutathione S-Transferase Mu, Pi and Theta Gene Polymorphisms in Cardiotoxicity after Anthracycline Chemotherapy for Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Vivenza Daniela , Feola Mauro , Garrone Ornella , Monteverde Martino , Merlano Marco , Lo Nigro Cristiana
Published: December 2013

Background

Anthracyclines are among the most active drugs against breast cancer, but can exert cardiotoxic effects eventually resulting in congestive heart failure (CHF). Identifying breast cancer patients at high risk of developing cardiotoxicity after anthracycline therapy would be of value in guiding the use of these agents.

Aims

We determined whether polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family of phase II detoxification enzymes might be useful predictors of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) kinetics and risk of developing CHF. We sought correlations between the development of cardiotoxicity and gene polymorphisms in 48 patients with early breast cancer treated with adjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy.

Methods

We analyzed the following polymorphisms: p.Met235Thr and p.Thr174Met in angiotensinogen ( AGT), Ins/Del in angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE), A1166C in angiotensin II type-1 receptor ( AGTR1A), c.-344T>C in aldosterone synthase ( CYP11B2), p.Ile105Val in GSTP1. Additionally, we analyzed the presence or absence of the GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes. A LVEF <50% was detected at least once during the 3 years of follow-up period in 13 out of 48 patients (27.1%).

Conclusion

RAAS gene polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the development of cardiotoxicity. GSTM1 may be useful as a biomarker of higher risk of cardiotoxicity, as demonstrated in our cohort of patients (p=0.147).
John Steinbeck, Episcopalian: St. Paul's, Salinas
Authors: Ray William
Published: December 2013

John Steinbeck's background as a lifelong Episcopalian and his childhood experiences at St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Salinas, California, strongly influenced significant events in his later life, the language and structure of several of his greatest works, his treatment of belief in some of his most memorable characters, and the meaning of certain key passages in his fiction and nonfiction. An original interpretive examination of the pre-Episcopal religious history of his father's family, the reasons for his mother's involvement in their adopted church, errors in certain parish records, connections between passages of fiction and nonfiction and personal letters, decisions made about Thom Steinbeck's baptism and John Steinbeck's funeral and family memorial, and key passages in To a God Unknown, In Dubious Battle, Bombs Away, East of Eden, Travels with Charley, The Winter of Our Discontent, and ‘America and Americans’ is supported by the close reading of relevant primary sources, a critical reading of selected secondary sources, and personal interviews, e-mails, and telephone conversations to provide the data and detail required for a more balanced and complete consideration of Steinbeck's childhood religion and adult Anglican agnosticism by future biographers and critics of his work.
La exclusión de la población con discapacidad en España. Estudio específico a partir de la Encuesta Social Europea
Authors: Huete García Agustín
Published: December 2013

La discapacidad es una de las fuentes de discriminación más extendidas en la sociedad actual, reconocida con frecuencia por casi medio millón de personas en España, según cifras recientes. La discriminación, como hecho que se produce en la interacción entre personas, es percibida fundamentalmente en escenarios de la vida cotidiana. A partir de un planteamiento operativo de Exclusión Social propuesto por Laparra et al., (2007), y utilizando como fuente de datos principal la Encuesta Social Europea (2010), se presentan evidencias de discriminación de la población con discapacidad en España en los ejes económico, político-social y de relaciones sociales, en comparación con la población general.
III. The effect of various doses of gamma 6OCo radiation upon pollen vitality of China aster (Callistephus chinensis Nees) in M1 and M2 generation
Authors: Wosińska Alicja
Published: December 2013

The effect of gamma radiation upon pollen was studied in populations of 4 China aster varieties in M1 (plants from irradiated seeds) and M2 generation. Effect of radiation Was assessed·in partiicular years. Comparison was rnalde between pollen vitality in irradiated plants and in the control. Effect of radiation was visibly harmful only in case of plants from M1 generation. The effects of radiation were different for particular varieties.
Anatomical observations on the influence of morphactin on wood formation of Carpinus betulus L. and Syringa vulgaris L. shoots
Authors: Smoliński M. , Saniewski M. , Pieniążek J. , Phelps J. E. , McGinnes, Jr. E. A.
Published: December 2013

The effect of morphactin IT 3456 on wood differentiation in Carptinus betulus and Syringa vulgaris was studied. In both species morphactin strongly stimulated production of wood but xylary differentiation was abnormal. Cellular differentiation was altered in that vessels were considerably smaller on transverse section and shorter than normal. Fibers and tracheids were also much ,shorter. It appeared that all cell types were disorientated from their longitudinal axis. It is probable that the effect of morphactin is caused by an inhibition of basipetal auxin transport and by the disturbance of general cell polarity during cambial divisions.
The influence of Avadex BW on the yield and chemical composition of spring barley variety 'Aramir', with different NPK fertilization
Authors: Płoszyński Michał , Runowska-Hryńczuk Bogdana
Published: December 2013

The combined influence of two doses of herbicide Avadex BW (3 and 6 l/ha) and three levels of NPK fertilization on spring barley variety 'Aramir' was studied in a pot experiment. Only with the highest NPK dose, and only during the initial stage of vegetation the herbicide showed the phytotoxicity toward barley. Avadex BW manifested no significant effect on the yields of ,grain and straw. Increasing doses of N~P brought about significant yield increases of above-ground parts during shooting stage, and of the grain and straw in the final yield. Fertilization gave much more evident qualitative changes in barley than the herbicide. The latter increased Ca content in the straw and decreased that of potassium in the straw and grain.
Variation and evolution of alkaloid complex in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) during domestication
Authors: Święcicki Wiktor , Jach Konrad
Published: December 2013

A colection of 178 primitive and cultivated forms of Lupinus luteus was analysed with respect to composition and level of alkaloids in seeds. A considerable quantitative and qualitative variation in alkaloids was found in the analysed forms. All analysed primitive forms, not cultivated in Central Europe, contained gramine and lupinine; the majority had sparteine as well. Contrary to the common opinion, yellow lupine has three basic alkaloids, i.e. gramine, lupinine and sparteine. Moreover, a large number of primitive forms showed traces of unidentified alkaline compounds with alkaloid characteristics. It appears that in the course of introduction of yellow lupine to central Europe, the composition and level of its alkaloids have been gradually changing. Their reproduction and natural selection remarkably decreased the number of forms containing gramine as well as the total level of alkaloids in seeds. Cross breeding and screening for low alkaloid bearing forms significantly decreased the total level of gramine as well as the number of forms containing gramine and almost entirely eliminated traces of unidentified alkaloids. One new form was found to have sparteine and only a little of lupinine (total level of alkaloids 0,04%).
Effects of various kinds of potassium fertilizers on the yield and quality of greenhouse tomatoes
Authors: Nurzyński J. , Uziak Z. , Mokrzecka E.
Published: December 2013

The effects of KCl, K2SO4 and KNO~ on the yields of greenhouse tomatoes variety 'Revermun' cultivated on a peat substrate were examined. On the basis of fruit yield, dry weight content in the fruit and the content of K, Ca, Mg, Cl, S-SO4 in the soil and of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, S-SO4, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mo in leaf stalks it was found that KCl is the best form foir fertilizing greenhouse tomatoes cultivated on peat. No adverse effects of chlorine at concentrations of 1500 mg Cl/liter peat and 6,0% Cl in the dry mass of tomato leaves were observed.
Effect of deep loosening of soil on weed infestation of winter wheat cultivated in few crop rotations
Authors: Stupnicka-Rodzynkiewicz Ewa , Szylak Alicja
Published: December 2013

Deep loosening of soil was carried out every years since 1989. The effect was studied in the years 1990-1993. Winter wheat was grown in 5 crop rotations. The weed infestation values were: number of weeds in spring, surface of coverage by weeds in the full vegetation and the total weight of weeds before harvest. Deep loosening resulted in lessening of the weed infestation of winter wheat. The weed infestation of the winter wheat decreased in each consecutive year of deep loosening. In the fourth year of deep loosening the number of seedlings of weed in spring decreased by 21% and total weight at harvest decreased by 36% in comparison with conventional cultivation.
Comparison of the nectary structure of chosen species from subf. Pomoideae (Rosaceae)
Authors: Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Konarska Agata
Published: December 2013

The research of the anatomy of nectaries of six species from Pomoideae was carried out. The observations concerned the flowers longitudinal sections of the following species: Malus silvestris Mill., Pyrus communis L., P. ussuriensis Maxim., Cydonia oblonga Mill., Chaenomeles japonica Ldl. and Ch. speciosa Nakai. It was stated, that the nectary glands distinguished themselves by the dimension of section surface, thickness of layers, the sizes of glandular and epidermis cells. A considerable difference of external wall thickness among epidermis cells was also observed. The nectaries of the smallest size, consisting of the tiniest cells occurred in Malus silvestris. Whereas, the biggest ones were possessed by Cydonia oblonga. Here the nectaries had maximum section surface, thickness, number of layers and cell dimension. The nectary epidermis of Pyrus was characterized by the thinnest external wall. The Chaenomeles speciosu and Cydonia oblonga, by the thickest one with a massive cuticle layer. The vascular bundles reaching the nectary tissue consisted of phloem and xylem. The positive dependence between the nectary dimension and the abundance of nectar secretion in some species, and the occurence of the opposite tendency in the others is discussed.
Polygalacturonase and xylanase forms produced by Fusarium avenaceum in infected lupin roots and their sensitivity to a cell wall glycoprotein
Authors: Małolepsza Urszula , Kuźniak Elżbieta , Patykoeski Jacek , Urbaniak Henryk
Published: December 2013

Using CM-Sepharose column chromatography it was shown that Fusarium avenaceum produced two forms of endo-polygalacturonase, one exo-polygalacturonase and two forms of endo-xylanase in infected Iupin roots. A glycoprotein obtained from lupin seedlings inhibited endo-polygalacturonases, exo-polygalacturonases and xylanases but more the first ones. Two forms of endo-polygalacturonase did not differ in their sensitivity to the glycoprotein.
Galactooligosaccharides of seeds during growth of Phaseolus coccineus L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. beans
Authors: Kosson Ryszard
Published: December 2013

The quantitative changes of raffinose and stachyose in seeds of Phaseolus coccineus L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. during their growth and maturation in a two year experiment were investigated. Trace amounts of raffinose were found in Ph. vulgaris seeds during their vegeta tive growth in 1990. Time of raffinose accumulation in seeds in 1991 began not earlier than on 33rd day since inflorescence. Stachyose started to accumulate in seeds between 33rd and 47th day after inflorescence of all tested cultivars. It was noticed that stachyose and raffinose contents in seeds of most tested cultivars after ten years of storage did not differ significantly when compared to not stored ones.
Ecological and economical aspects of phytocenosis formation at the fallowing areas
Authors: Jabłoński Wojciech , Widera Maria
Published: December 2013

In the third year after sowing the great elimination of dangerous weeds, as Agropyron repens and Cirsium arvense, was confirmed on plots where the mixtures with grass and clover had been sown; in the control object (O - without sowing), Agropyron repens and other weeds has spread to 100%. The best and the most cheap has been the mixture of 30% Trifolium pratense, 60% Phleum pratense and addition of Achillea millefolium plants.
Ecological description of field habitats situated in Kraków province according to the autoecological method of Ellenberg. Part I. Description of mesoregions
Authors: Hochół Teresa , Łabza Teofil , Stupniewska-Rodzynkiewicz Ewa , Puła Joanna
Published: December 2013

Twelve physiographic regions, determined in Krak6w province, were analysed using 1398 Braun-Blanquet phytosociological surveys of grain and root crops. The evaluation was made accord ing to the Ellenberg method in which, weeds were considered to be indices of thermal (T) humidity (W), soil reaction (R), nitrogen content (N), and soil biological activity (G) conditions. The method proved to be useful to demonstrate differences between studied mesoregions
Vegetation of cultivated fields in the Konin Brown Coal Basin and its peripheries. Part l. Introduction
Authors: Pawlak Grażyna
Published: December 2013

This publication is intended as a series of articles under a common title, presenting study results on segetal vegetation in the area of the Konin Brown Coal Basin and its broadly understood peripheries. This area of 820 km2 is located in the central part of Konin Province and takes up to 1/6 of its acreage. The results were based on 592 phytosociological releves made with the use of Braun-Blanquet method. The study presents 28 phytocoena (15 associations, 8 communities of importance similar to an association, 5 communities of an "incomplete" nature), 4 of which are syntaxa rarely cited in reference to our country. Part I of the analysis will present a profile of the area of studies, with particular attention given to a specific character of the region's agriculture. Moreover, it will introduce the material and methods of research, as well as a systematic overview of singled out communities. In subsequent parts segetal communities will be discussed.
The Effect of MethyI Jasmonate on Ethylene Production, ACC Oxidase Activity and Carbon Dioxide Evolution in the Yellowish-Tangerine Tomato Fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Czapski Janusz , Miszczak Artur , Saniewski Marian
Published: December 2013

The yellowish-tangerine tomato (cv. Bursztyn) in the green, light yellow and yellow stages of ripening were treated with 0.1% and 1.0% of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) in lanolin paste and kept for several days and then they were evaluated for production of ethylene, ACC oxidase activity and CO2 evolution. Production of endogenous ethylene in mature green fruits was low and increased during ripening. JA-Me stimulated ethylene production and ACC oxidase activity in all investigated stages of fruit ripening. Slices excised from mature green fruits produced highest amount of carbon dioxide as compared to more advanced stages of ripening. JA-Me in O,1 % and 1,0% concentrations increased significantly CO2 evolution in green fruits, while in light yellow and yellow fruits only higher concentration of JA-Me stimulated carbon dioxide production.
Occurrence of Septoria tritici blotch in 1994-1996
Authors: Zamorski Czesław , Nowicki Bogdan , Mirzwa-Mróz Ewa
Published: December 2013

The aim of the work was to study an occurrence and intensity of septoria tritici blotch on wheat in different regions of Poland as well as reaction of winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines to infection by Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Schroeter (an. Septoria tritici ( Rob. ex Desm .) under field conditions. Observation conducted during 1994-1996 indicated on occurrence of septoria tritici blotch each year and on important infection degree of winter wheat by Mycosphaerella gruminicola in some regions of the country. The highest infection was noted in 1995 and the lowest in 1994. Infection degree for majority of cultivars was quite high. Some cultivars and lines were characterized by very high infection. Among them were the old (Kujawianka Więcławska and Wysokolitewka Sztywnosłoma) and the newest (Tercja) cultivars. On some old cultivars (Leszczyńska Wczesna and Żelazna) even no traces of infection were observed although favourable weather condition existance and the presence of neighbourhood diseased plants. Field observation of cultivars and breeding lines showed different reaction of tested wheat genotypes to Mycosphaerella graminicola infection.
Comparison of seed quality at physiological maturity and harvest maturity of two pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp) cultivars
Authors: Khatta Savita , Kaur Amadir , Singh Gurmit
Published: December 2013

Seed quality at physiological and harvest maturity of two pigeon pea cultivars viz. AL15 and T21 was compared. Seeds of both cultivars attained maximum dry weights, germination potential and seed vigor in terms of root/shoot lengths and dry weights of seedlings at 35 DAA in cv AL15 and 46 DAA in cv T21 denoting their physiological maturities. The levels of endogenous seed reserves like starch, proteins, lipids, DINA and RNA were comparable at physiological and harvest maturities. The seeds at physiological maturities i.e. at 35 DAA in cv AL15 and 46 DAA in cv T2I attained most of the required characters associated with the harvest of crop.
Calcium accumulation into leaves and fruitlets of 'Šampion', 'Jonagold' and 'Idared' apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.)
Authors: Wójcik Paweł , Mika Augustyn
Published: December 2013

The aim this work was to examine the calcium accumulation into leaves and fiuitlets of 'Šampion', 'Jonagold' and 'Idared' apple trees. The experiment was carried out during 1993-1995 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Institute of Pomology in Skierniewice. Leaves and fruitlets were collected at 2 weeks interval, beginning 28 days after bloom and finishing at the fruit harvest time. The results showed that by all studied cultivars calcium accumulation into leaves and fruitlets performed throughout their growth. It was found that movement of calcium to leaves and particularly to fruitlets was reduced in certain periods. It was observed withdrawal of calcium from fruitlets in the later period their growth. There was not close relation between the limit of calcium accumulation into leaves and the reduce of calcium movement to fiuitlets. In spite of calcium accumulation into fiuitlets throughout their growth it was observed that they were the most competitive about calcium in comparison with leaves at beginning of their growth. During development of fruitlets decreased their ability to calcium uptake.
Effect of boron fertilization of apple trees (Malus domestica Borth.) on yield and fruit quality
Authors: Wójcik Paweł , Mika Augustyn , Cieśliński Grzegorz
Published: December 2013

Aim of this work was to examine effect of boron fertilization on yield of apple trees and fruit quality. The experiment was carried out during 1994-1996 in Dąbrowice Experimental Orchard belonging to Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skiemiewice, on Š a m p i o n cultivar, grafted on M26 rootstock. Trees were planted in the autumn of 1991 at the distance 4 x 2,5 m, on sandy-loam soil. Before starting and during carrying out the study there were not visual symptoms of boron deficiency. In the experiment applied boron fertilization to the soil at the dose 2 g B per tree or three times boron sprays before or after bloom at the dose 0,67 g B per tree. Apple trees without any boron fertilization were served as a control. Results of experiment showed that only boron sprays after bloom increased fruit set and yield. There were no significant differences between treatments in fruit maturity at harvest, fruit weight losses dunng storage, apple number infected by Penicillium, Monilina and Botrytis cinerea. Boron sprays after bloom increased firmness of apples after storage and decreased sensibility to bitter pit, internal breakdown and Gloeosporium-rot. All boron treatments increased boron concentration in apples in comparison with control ones. However, the highest increase of boron concentration in apples was observed when boron sprays were done after bloom and soil boron application. Only boron sprays applied after bloom increased calcium concentration in apples.
Flora and segetal vegetation of the Bolimów Nature Park. Part I. Segetal flora
Authors: Warcholińska Urszula A.
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the result of researches on the segetal flora of the Bolim6w Nature Park. The segetal flora of this area comprises 282 taxons of vascular plants. Apophytes (171 taxons) and therophytes ( 170 taxons) constitute the most numerous grOUP. There are 54 taxons on the list threatened segetal plants.
Flora and segetal vegetation of the Bolimów Nature Park. Part II. Segetal vegetation
Authors: Warcholińska Urszula A.
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the result of researches on the segetal vegetation of the Bolimów Nature Park. In the area of research, 10 segetal associations and 1 community - 5 associations and 1 community of the Secalietea class and 5 associations of the Chenopodietea class - have been found. Among them following ones are quite interesting: Community with Saxifraga tridactylites, Galio-Ranunculetum arvensis, Veronico-Setarietum pumilae and Bilderdykio-Lamietum amplexicuule.
Flora and segetal vegetation of the Sulejów Nature Park. Part I. Segetal flora
Authors: Warcholińska Urszula A.
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the result of researches on the segetal flora of the Sulejów Nature Park. The segetal flora of this area comprises 348 taxons of vascular plants. Apophytes (205 taxons) and therophytes (166 taxons) constitute the most numerous group. There are 76 taxons on the list threatened segetal plants.
Effect of a long chain aliphatic alkohols on growth. gas exchange and assimilate parlitioning in radish plant
Authors: Blamowski Zbyszek K. , Borowski Edward , Blamowska Maria
Published: December 2013

In pot experiments the influence of long chain aliphatic alcohols (hexacosanol - HEXA, octacosanol - OCTA and triacontanol - TRIA), which were used in concentration O.00l mg·dm3 , on growth, assimilate partitioning and gas exchange of radish plants cv. "Krakowianka" and "Sopel lodu" were studied. The received results showed that triacontanol was characterized by higher physiological activity than remaining alcohols. TRIA significantly increased yield of mass, as well as it changed the pattern of distribution of assimilates in plants. Under its influence the rate of mass of leaves to mass of storage organs decreased as well as the share of mass of leaves in the total mass of both plant cultivars. TRIA stimulated the rate of net photosynthesis (Pn), howewer, it did not influence the other detennined gas exchange parameters: substomatal concentration of CO2 (ci), stomatal conductance for water vapour (gs) and rate of transpiration (Tr). Remaining alcohols (HEXA and OCFA) did not any influence on growth of plants and their gas exchange but only on distribution of biomass.
The effect of different crop rotation on the fungi compound of pea roots (Pisum sative L. )cv. "Fidelia" and their healthiness
Authors: Sadowski Stanisław , Urbanowski Stanisław , Maniewska Róża , Sowa A.
Published: December 2013

Over the years 1991-1993 research was conducted on the effect of three different types of crop rotation (monoculture, 3-year rotation and 5-year rotation) on the fungi compound of pea roots and their healthiness. It was found that I~isarium oxysporum. occured more frequentl~'. F. solani and Rhizoctonia, solani were frequently isolated from plant cultivated in monoculture. On thy contrary in a 5-year rotation fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma and Gliocladum occerd more frequently. Infestation of roots in monoculture was nearly twice as high as that in crop rotation and the yield was six time lower. In 3-year and 5-year crop rotation difference was not found in the micoflora compound, root rot degree, and seed yield.
The effect of temperature and rainfall on participation of the pathogens causing root and stem rot in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: Łacicowa Barbara , Pięta Danuta
Published: December 2013

Field experiments conducted in the years 1990-1995 were localized at the Plaiit Cultivation Station, Ulhówek to repeat the cultivation of spring barley cultivars Roland and Lot. In conditions of monoculture, Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium culmorum were of the foremost importance in causing root and stem rot. The proportion of infected plants did not increase with time. Depending on the period of vegetation and the cultivar, the percentage of seedlings with necrosis symptoms ranged from 6% to 53,5% and that of stem base rot from 14% to 59%. In the case of both cultivars. root and stem rot was especially intensive in the third successive season of vegetation, i, e,. in 1992. That season was characterized by warm and wet weather conditions. favourable for the infection of seedlings by B.sorokiniane during the period of six weeks after the sowing of grain. Bipolaris sorokiniana always had the greatest proportion in the infction of spring barley but not in the seasons distinguished by hot and dry weather conditions. On the other hand, during dry and hot weather conditions the only or the dominating fungus obtained from the infcted stem base after the heading of spring barley was F. culmorum. In conditions of monoculture, favourable for root and stem rot of spring barley, the temperature and rainfalls clearly distinguished the proportion of B. sorokiniana and F. culmorum in plant infection.
Flora segetalna Będkowa
Authors: Warcholińska Urszula A. , Potębska Anna
Published: December 2013

The work present a list of segetal flora taxons of Będków as well as their general characterization. The segetiil flora of the researched area consists of 172 taxons. It also shows a great participation of therophytes (120 taxons) and apophytes (96 taxons). 21 taxons have been numbered among taxons in direct danger of extinction.
Some effect of herbicide application in Caucalido-Scandocetum
Authors: Dostatny Denise
Published: December 2013

Excess in application of herbicide such as Aminopielik and Chwastox in cereals crop was the cause of the increase in cover of some weeds (in particular grass), a few decrease in cover of a cultivated plant, a few decrease of number's species and the impoverishment composition in the Caucalido-Scandicetum association in the "Nadnidziański Landscape Park" area. In the records of the fields where herbicide was applied (tab.1: records 11-20), the weeds cover surplused cereals cover. Apera spica-venti and sometimes Avena fatua dominated in these records and the number of dicotyledonous species was insignificant. Where herbicides were not applied (tab.l: records 1-10), the overall weeds cover was smaller than the cover of a cultivated plant and the weeds number was significantly bigger. In these fields there existed an interspecious competition which didn't allow large development of one or two weed species. The research was made in summer 1997 by the Braun-Blanquet's method in cereals and data of herbicide application taken down.
Milla biflora Cav.-seeds, harvest and germination
Authors: Borys Michał W. , Leszczyńska-Borys Helena
Published: December 2013

Milla biflora Cav. is one of six species of this genus reported to be present in Mexico. To determine the present and potential seed production of this plant, the following characteristics were studied: the number of flowers per scape, the frequencies of scape with defined number of flower per scape, the conversion of flowers into capsules, the capsule size, seed numbers, average seed size per capsule. Samplings were taken from the natural stands and evaluation of the respective attributes was done in plants growing in germplasm colIection belonging to the University UPAEP. The number of flowers ranged from 1 to 10 per scape, with 90,6% of scapes giving from 1 to 6 flowers. The capsules were formed from flowers in the following proportions: in scapes with one flower - 13,64%, in scapes with 3 flowers - 48,21%, in scapes with four or more flowers - 60%; 67,80 of capsules gave from 60 to 140 seeds; 45% of seeds had the average size from 1,81 to 2,20 mg. The mean weight of 1000 seeds was 1937.2 mg. The seeds germinated during 7 days in water, in 88 to 100%. The plant emergence from soil sown seeds ranged from 41,4 to lOO %. The seeds have not lost the germination ability after 2 years of storage at room conditions.
Studies upon morhological and biological traits of Festuca rubra, subsp.fallax (Poaceae)
Authors: Sawicki Bogusław
Published: December 2013

Observation and measurements of some traits of Festuca rubra L., subsp. fallax (Thuill.) Hack. ecotypes were made in 1995-1997 using samples selected from natural habitats and collected in Grassland Experimental Station in Sosnowica. High differentiation of traits under study and their correlations were found. Valorized ecotypes are good material for new varieties breeding.
Comparative study of morphological traits and productivity of alfalfa (Medicago media Pers) cultivated in pure sowing and in mixture with papilionaceous plants and grasses. Part II. Relationship between morphological traits of papilionaceous in l -st cutting
Authors: Zając Tadeusz
Published: December 2013

Plant samples at the and of 1-st cutting were collected from field experiment or from teaching collection in order to determine the degree of relationship of in pairs of traits. The degree of the relationship between investigated was estimated by linear or curvilinear regresion and only equations for which coeficient of determination R2 was greated than 0.5 were reported in the paper. Leave surface area from steams of compared species of papilionaceous depended to small degree on the shave of small leaves in this feature (<1/4 x) The magnitude of the total leave surface area depended on large, and mainly average leaves. Increasing number of leaves on the steam had a positive effect on total leave surface area, and moderate linear relation between features was observed (R2=0.70). The order of species according to their decreasing number of leaves on the steam is following: alfalfa-33,4 > bird's foot trefoi1-15,2 > red clover-7,9 > sainfoin-5,1. Between the mass of the steam of single species and its length curvilinear relation was observed, which informs about above average influence of longer steams (>70 cm) on yield. Plant mass was poorly correlated with the total steam length. Among single plants (small, average, large) significant differences were observed in the mass of single steams. Share of separated groups of steams in the mass of tops varied greatly and was following: 25% of largest steams decided about the half of its yield. In turn 50% of steams (small and very small) formed only 25% of top yield.
The effect of delayed planting date on growth and cropping of strawberry plants
Authors: Żmuda-Dawtian Ewa
Published: December 2013

To induce the late summer cropping (July - August ) of Elsanta strawberries. grown in one-year=production cycle. two experim~s. based on a delayed planting term of "frigo" plants were carried out. The plantings were started (established) in 1994 (site I, in Gorzyce) on May 14 (a), May 27 (b) and June 10 (c). and in 1996 (site II, Lublin) on June 5 (d), and June 18 (e). Site II was irrigated by dripping, while site I was not. In both sites, the early planting terms (a and d) have contributed to a better plant growth and cropping in comparison to the other treatment. Fruit yields amounted to 99, 75, 21, 452 and 290 g/plant for a, b, c, d and e, respectively. Two weeks' delay in planting term resulted in a deterioration of the fruit size, fruit mass and its chemical composition.
Improved performance of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) seeds with osmoconditioning
Authors: Singh G. , Gill S. S. , Sandhu Kamaljit K.
Published: December 2013

Seeds of muskmelon (Cucuniis melo) cultivars viz Pb. Hybrid and Pb. Sunehri were osmoconditioned with Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and KNO3 solutions to enhance their performance at low temperature. Osmoconditioning both with PEG 6000 and KNO3 increased per cent germination, speed of germination, vigour in terms of dry weight and length of the seedlings and root/shoot ratios. KNO3 priming recorded more pronounced effects in all the above mentioned parameters. Other vigour parameters such as electrical conductance of seed leachates was decreased with osmoconditioning whi]e dehydrogenase activity was enhanced. Osmoconditioning resulted in increased activity of amylases.
Use rockwool as a substrate for Peperomia obtusifolia, Streptocarpus hybridus and Spathiphyllum floribundum
Authors: Strojny Zbigniew
Published: December 2013

Two experiments were conducted, in which the granulated rockwool 'Grodan', utilised rockwool 'Flormin', used before as slabs and remained after 2-year carnation culture (UR) - shredded and steamed and two kinds of insulation rockwool of domestic production: from Gliwice (RG) and from Nidzica (RN) were used as a substrate or its ingredient for mentioned in title plants. Particular plant species expressed somewhat diversified reaction, but generally rockwool showed full usability as a substrate or its component. The best kind appeared to be UR. RG was good in the mix, where it was in 25% of the volume, but RN was unsuitable.
Influence of herbicides on growth of one-year-old trees of sour cherry cv. Łutówka
Authors: Wociór Stanisław , Wieniarska Justyna , Wójcik Irena , Palonka Salwina
Published: December 2013

The studies performed in 1997 - 1999 have shown that herbicides such as Azotop 50 (simazine, 6-chloro-N, N-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in the dose lkg ha-1 or Afalon 50 WP (linuron, N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)N-methoxy-N-methylurea) in dose 1,5 kg ha-1 or its mixture with Dual 960 EC (metolachlor, 2-chloro-N(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamide) in dose 1,5 l ha-1 applied in early spring significantly decreased number of weeds in nursery of sourcherry trees cv. Lut6wka budded on Prunus mahaleb L rootstocks as compared with mechanical weed control. Both, Azotop 50 and Azotop 50 in mixture with Dual 960 EC eliminated weeds for the longer period than Afalon 50 WP and Afalon 50 WP with Dual 960 EC. Herbicides did not affect tree trunk diameter (at 30 cm. from the ground level), the number and total length of shoots of one-year-old sour cherry trees in comparison with mechanical control of weeds.
Parietaria pensylvanicu Mühlenb. ex Willd. - potentialities of migration from park habitats to segetal communities
Authors: Sawilska Anna K. , Misiewicz Józef
Published: December 2013

Parietaria pensvlvanica Mühlenb ex. Willd is a species native to North America, whose occurrence in Poland was first reported in Bydgoszcz in 1991. Its biology and ecology has been researched since 1996. The present paper discusses measurements and phenological observations carried out on four selected populations during the vegetation season in 1997. The aim of the research was to determine potentialities of the migration of P. pensylvanica from park habitats to segetal communities, on the basis of a defined life strategy of the examined populations. The analysis focused on the dynamics of density and biomass as well as on the weight of 1000 nucules, against the habitat conditions. The findings demonstrated that the investigated species was characterised by a set of life strategy properties referred to as C-S-R or S-R, and was subject to the "r"-type selection. P. pensylvanica has become an integral part of the Bydgoszcz flora and is likely to expand into segetal communities of agricultural and vegetable crops.
Effects of cell suspension and cell·free culture filtrate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the control of root rot-root kont disease complex of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Siddiqui I. A.
Published: December 2013

The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IE-6 was tested for antagonistic activity towards Meloidogyne javanica, the root-knot nematode and soilbome root-infecting fungi viz., Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Cell-free culture filtrate of the bacterium caused significant reduction in egg hatching of M.javanica and inhibited radial growth of fungi in vitro. Cell-free culture filtrate also caused lyses in mycelium of F.solani. Under greenhouse conditions, soil drenches with the aqueous cell suspension or cell-free culture resulted in a considerable reduction in nematode population densities in soil and subsequent root-knot development due to M.javanica. In addition to nematode control, rhizobacterium application also inhibited root-infection caused by soilborne root~infecting fungi with significant enhancement of growth of tomato seedlings.
The effect of passaging of Fusarium culmorum (W.G.Sm.) Sacc.on media containing calcium on the growth and development of this fungus and on disease development in wheat seedlings
Authors: Zielińska Marlena , Michniewicz Marian , Rożej Barbara
Published: December 2013

Fusarium culmorum was transferred ten times on media with a different content of calcium (O, 2, 4, 8 mM) and then was used for inoculation of winter wheat seedlings (cv. Grana). It was found that the disease of wheat seedlings was weaker when they were infected with the suspension of mycelium of fungi passaged on media containing higher concentration of calcium ions. It was also found that passaging Fusarium culmorum on media containing calcium causes the inhibition of growth and development of this pathogen. Basing on the results of these experiments it can be concluded, that passaging Fusarium culmorum on media with calcium reduces the pathogenicity of this fungus to wheat seedlings.
Cropfield-weed communities of northern Poland on the eastern and western sides of the Vistula
Authors: Szweja Krystyna
Published: December 2013

The research was carried out in the following 9 mesoregions of northem Poland, located on either side of the Vistula: Cassubian Coast, Cassubian Lakeland, Elbląg Plateaux, Górowo Plateaux, Ermelandic Plain, Iława Lakeland, Vistula Delta, Starogard Lakeland and Lower Vistula Valley. A total of 11 cropfield-weed communities have been distinguished and described. Those found in cereal crops included: Teesdaleo-Arnoseridetum, Papaveretum argemones, a transition community between Vicietum tetraspermae and Aphano-Matricarietum, Aphano-Matricarietum, Lathvro-Melandrietum and Spergulo-Chrysanthemetum segeti. In root crops the occurrence was found of: Digitarietum ischaemii, Echinochloo-Setarietum, Lamio-Veronicetum politae, Galinsogo-Setarietum, Fumarietum officinalis and Spergulo-Chrysanthemetum segeti. Due to the presence in the patches of most communities, especially root crop communities, of many common species, they show a number of similarities, floristic and structural.
The effect of exogenous spermidine on cucumber plant (Cucumis sativus L.) growth in drought stress
Authors: Blamowski Zbyszek K. , Borowski Edward , Paczos Krystyna
Published: December 2013

The effect of exogenous spermidine (0; 1 and 2 mmol·dm-3) on cucumber plant subjected lo seven day drought (30% f.w.c.) were studied. Growth rate of plants, gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, water saturation deficit in tissue (WSD). leakage electrolytes (El as well as the content of free proline were determined. The results showed that drought inhibited growth and gas exchange, decreased the potential efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) but increased the value of WSD, EL and the level of free proline in tissue. The spermidine treatment of plants immediately before drought influenced the decrease concentration of free proline, water deficit and leakage of electrolytes but the increase of stomatal conductance (gs), intensity of photosynthesis (Pn ) and transpiration (E). Greater change on the course of primary photosynthetic reactions in PSII (Fv/Fm., ΦPSII, qP, qN) were not detected. The autors concluded, that in drought. conditions exogenous speimidine together with proline induced by stress, contribute to increase of water content in tissue and maintenance of the enzymatic activity of cells as well as they guaIantee the integrity of cell membranes. Profitable effect of spermidine on the condition of cucumber in drought period shorted the time necessary for plants to come back to level of control treatment.
Differential antifungal activity of alfalfa (Medicago santva L.) saponins originated from roots and aerial parts for some ornamental plant pathogens
Authors: Saniewska Alicja , Jurzysta Marian , Biały Zbigniew
Published: December 2013

The total saponins isolated from aerial parts and roots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) at the concentration of 0,01%, 0,05% and 0,1% showed differential influence on the mycelium growth of Alternaria zinniae, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis tulipae, Phoma narcissi, Phoma poolensis and Rhizoctonia solani. A higher inhibitory effect on in vitro growth of mycelium of all tested pathogens indicated saponins from roots of alfalfa than from aerial parts. Tested saponins from roots at lhe concentration of 0,1% totally inhibited linear growth of Phoma narcissi, and linear growth of Alternaria zinniae was limited about 67%, Botrytis cinerea about 74%, Botrytis tulipae about 68%, Phoma poolensis about 38%, and Rhizoctonia solani about 74% in comparison to the control. The saponins of alfalfa from roots at the concentration of 0,1% and 0,2% applied as preinoculation sprays evidently inhibited the development of Phoma narcissi on Hippeastrum leaves. This dose of aerial saponins of alfalfa did not effect the development of necrotic spots on the leaves.
Use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and soil organic amendments for the management of root diseases complex of uridbean
Authors: Siddiqui I. A. , Shaukat S. S.. , Ehteshamul-Haque S.
Published: December 2013

Efficacy of two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa-5 and IE-2) and Bacillus subtilis isolate alone or in conjunction with neem cake or Datura fastuosa was tested for the management of three soilbrne root-infecting fungi including Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani and the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica on uridbean. Biocontrol bacteria used in combination with either neem cake or D.fastuosa gave better control of the root-rot and root-knot infection with the enhancement of growth of uridbean compared to the use ofeither component alone. Neem cake l% w/w mixed with P.aeruginosa strain IE-2 caused greatest inhibition of the root-knot development due to M.javanica, P.aeruginosa and B.subtilis used with organic amendment also increased Bradyrhizobium-nodules in the root system.
Interrelations between segetal and ruderal flora in the Olsztyn Lake District
Authors: Korniak Tadeusz , Kalwasińska Grażyna
Published: December 2013

The paper presents differences and similarities between segetal and ruderal flora in the Olsztyn Lake District. The investigation was conducted in rural areas and in areas of small towns. 415 taxa of vascular plants were noted altogether in the flora examined. The segetal flora includes 259 species, and the ruderal flora - 334 ones. A comparison between species of those two florae (table l, figure l), 81 species appear in segetal habitats, and 156 in ruderal habitats. Common species, for those two comparsing florae (segetal and ruderal) were 178. The following plants were classified as frequent or common in ruderal habitats of the Olsztyn Lake District, having (under certain conditions) a significant influence on the weed infestation of cultivated fields: Amaranthus retroflexus, Artemisia vulgaris, Atriplex patula, Chamomilla suaveolens, Cirsium arvense, Conyza canadensis, Descurainia sophia, Galinsoga ciliata, Galinsoga parviflora, Geranium pusillum, Lapsana communis, Melandrium album, Poa annua, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex crispus, Sisymbrium officinale, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Sonchus oleraceus, Tussil farfara.
Present and potential weed infestation of spring cereals in different cropping system
Authors: Wesołowski Andrzej , Woźniak Andrzej
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the results of investigations on the weed infestation and vertical distribution of weed seed bank in rendzina under spring cereals cultivation in crop rotations and monoculture. Used herbicides (MCPA and fenoxaprop-P-etylu) decreased the number of weeds and species composition in comparison with harrowing. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in the monoculture there was found about 22,9% weed seeds more than in crop rotation. In the canopy of spring cereals the following weeds dominated: in crop rotation - Chenopodium album, Echinochloa crus-galli and Veronica persica; and in monoculture - Stellaria media, Galium aparine and Chenopodium album. In the soil layer of 0-25 cm used in crop rotation and monoculture the following weed seeds dominated : Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album and Stellaria media.
Gum in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) shoots induced by methyl jasmonate
Authors: Saniewski Marian , Ueda Junichi , Horbowicz Marcin , Miyamoto Kensuke , Puchalski Jerzy
Published: December 2013

It has been well known that some fungal pathogens (Monilia laxa, M. fructigena, Cytospora cincta), larvae of Grapholita molesta and plant hormone - ethylene, induce gummosis in apricot shoots. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) was also found to induce gummosis in apricot shoots as well as biotic and abiotic factors mentioned above. In order to know the mode of action of JA-Me on gum induction and/or formation, chemical composition of polysaccharides (after hydrolysis) in gums of apricot shoots induced by JA-Me compared with those by ethephon and their mixture, and naturally occurring ones was studied, resulted in the succesful identification of monosaccharides, and the similarity of a composition consisting of xylose, arabinose and galactose at molar ratio 1:10:14, respectively. These results suggest that beside different inducers of gum in apricot the mechanism of polysaccharides biosynthesis of gums is the same or similar. The physiological role for JA-Me on gum induction and/or formation in apricot shoots, and other species are also discussed.