bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuromodulation Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Sun Yi
Published: March 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high disability and death rates worldwide. Medically refractory patients could turn to neuromodulation therapies. Yet there were no essays focused on this review. This essay introduces two main neuromodulation theories, including their treatment principles and therapeutic effects. The mentioned theories were vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS). VNS was proved to have a good performance in improving the consciousness of severe patients at the TBI early stage. It could also help reduce secondary brain injuries. While clinical research on DBS also proves a significant advantage in the recovery of minimally conscious state (MCS) patients, especially in the prolonged disorder of conscientiousness (DOC) patients. DBS also proves to be effective in improving the arousal mechanism of cognitive and motor function of re-waken patients, especially combined with rehabilitation treatments. The patient scenarios of these two neuromodulation methods were discussed, as were the advantages and limitations.
Applications and Future Trends of Spinal Cord Stimulation
Authors: Cong Yulin , Gao Yangcheng , Lin Xueshun
Published: March 2023

There are various causes of chronic pain, such as almost any nerve damage has the potential to develop into a chronic pain. This pain can be felt depending on where the nerve damage is. Nerve damage may result from physical trauma, other medical disorders, or drugs. Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) is a rising technology to cure different types of chronic pain. Though the mechanism of SCS is still unclear, it has been proved effective as a useful method and shows several superiorities against the traditional one. This article reviews the mechanism of SCS, then mainly focus on the application of SCS in the applications of failed back surgery symptom (FBSS), complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), peripheral neuropathy, and critical limb ischemia (CLI), respectively. Each application would also be discussed based on their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we introduce our perspectives of future trends of SCS.
Sleep Disturbances Generate Alzheimer’s Disease Through Inflammation
Authors: Liao Zhiyun , Yu Linwen
Published: March 2023

As the world's population ages, more and more people are suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss and dementia. In recent years, the research on Alzheimer's disease has gradually extended to other directions, among which the relationship between neuroimmunity and Alzheimer's disease has attracted attention. The pathological features of AD include deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles TAU, and neuronal loss. Studies have shown that sleep disturbances are factors that induce cellular and molecular inflammatory changes. Most people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) experience some form of sleep disruption, including nighttime sleep fragmentation, increased daytime napping, decreased slow-wave sleep (SWS, stage N3), and decreased rapid eye movement sleep (REM). In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that sleep disturbances can lead to cognitive decline and may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia by triggering inflammation through increased beta-amyloid burden. This article will explain the connection between sleep disorders, inflammation, and Alzheimer's disease. It also elaborates on the mechanisms by which inflammatory factors trigger Alzheimer's disease, sleep disorders activate inflammatory pathways, and prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease by means of anti-inflammatory and sleep therapy. In the future, research and exploration of drugs to treat inflammation in sleep disorders will also be important for preventing Alzheimer's disease.
Subjective Somatosensory of Ankylosing Spondylitis and its Correlation With Vertigo
Authors: Zhao Jiale
Published: March 2023

Ankylosing spondylitis as a form of arthritis starts to arouse more medical faculties’ attention due to its mysterious origins and not yet discovered treatment. This study analyzed ankylosing spondylitis’ correlation with vertigo and advanced diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis. Common complications and symptoms are introduced based on etiology and history of ankylosing spondylitis. Patients’ subjective somatosensory of the disease is further examined to study the coupling diseases ankylosing spondylitis brought with its infections. Several authentic cases of ankylosing spondylitis are studied and found possible relations between ankylosing spondylitis and the nervous system, which may lead to vertigo. Different neurological diseases are suspected to be caused by ankylosing spondylitis, thus research is conducted to explore the correlation between ankylosing spondylitis and vertigo. Despite ankylosing spondylitis, the ultimate goal of diagnosing is revealed through the spectrum of advanced radiographs and MRIs. The intention for indicating the diagnosis is to elucidate some early and late possibility of having ankylosing spondylitis on a technology-based level.
Comprehensive Overview of CAR-T Cell Therapy, Engineering Process and Future Prospects
Authors: Li Qiyang , Wang Katherine , Zhou Jie
Published: March 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a revolutionary treatment method which applies the technology of modifying patients’ immune T cells to eliminate cancer cells. The immune system recognizes invading cells by noticing antigens on the foreign cells. The receptors of T cells bind to the antigens which notifies the rest of the immune system to eradicate the foreign invaders. CAR-T cell therapy has gained achievement in the treatment of hematologic malignancies such as B-ALL. CAR-T cell engineering process contains four steps including leukapheresis and the expression of the CAR on the T cells. Among the process, the Sleeping Beauty transposon system shortens the time between genetic modification and infusion so that patients can receive the modified T cells on site. GMP (Good Manufacture Practice) also ensures quality and safety of the CAR-T cells before infusing into the patients. CAR-T cells damage tumor cells by three major pathways. T cells utilize perforin and granzyme to lyse open antigen-positive tumor cells and use Fas and Fas ligand to target antigen-negative tumor cells. The derivation of cytokines from CAR-T cells sensitizes the tumor stroma and enhances tumor killing ability. The development in CAR-T cell designs has made a huge contribution to the success of the treatment where five generations of CAR-T cells have already been investigated. However, there are still some challenges associated with the treatment such as antigen escape relapse and on-target off-tumor toxicities observed in solid tumors. The technology can be further innovated by overcoming antigen escape loss, enhancing safety of CAR-T cells, and improving the persistence of CAR-T cells using the combination of oncolytic viruses with CAR-T cells. This review mainly focuses on the CAR-T cell engineering process and killing mechanisms as well as some obstacles and potential improvement for the technology.
Microbial-based Food Proteins Preparation and Food Safety Analysis
Authors: Cheng Ruijun , Ye Tong , Zhou Yangchun
Published: March 2023

Microorganisms are widely present in life because of their large number and strong reproductive ability. Existing studies have proved that microorganisms can be used in many aspects, such as food safety, production, and follow-up processing mentioned in this paper. This paper consists of three parts. The first part is about the importance of food safety and microbiological testing in the food industry, the second part is about the application of microorganisms in single-cell proteins, and the third part is about the use of microbial methods to degrade antibiotics. This article mentioned that microorganisms play an important role in food safety, food preparation, and food subsequent handling. Microorganisms can not only be used to detect potentially harmful substances in food, to ensure food safety. The proper use of microbes can also improve the quality of food, such as the taste, taste and nutritional value of food. In fact, microbes can be used to degrade antibiotics in food, protecting both humans and the environment. There are many more uses for microbes. How to use microbes to improve the quality of life is always an area that needs more research, and researchers need to make more efforts and research to use microbes for the benefit of humans.
CAR-T cell Therapy: Existing Treatments and Improvements
Authors: Gao Zhihan
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, researchers have investigated many treatments for cancer diseases besides the existing chemotherapy and surgical removal. Among the field of cancer immunotherapy, CAT-T cell therapy has become more and more popular because of its effectiveness. CAR-T cell therapy, also known as chimeric antigen receptor treatment, is a novel and powerful form of immunotherapy that employs genetically altered T cells to more precisely identify and combat cancer cells. Specific cells that make up the immune system can defend against infection and cancer in humans. However, occasionally, cancer cells manage to escape the immune system, and therefore it’s crucial for the immune system to find a more effective method to target and attack cancer cells. CAR-T cell therapy is one of the innovative treatments that kill cancer cells [1]. Until now, the scientists have discovered four generations of CAR-T cell therapy. From 2017, CAR-T cell therapy started to be approved by FDA as the standard of care for some forms of relapsed or refractory blood cancers. But since CAR-T cell therapy is very new, it still has some limitations such as cytokine release syndrome, or called CRS, and neurological toxicity. Moreover, CAT-T cell therapy still have difficulties for attacking solid tumors. Since the T cells sample will be taken from the patients’ bloods and the CAT-T cell indeed could target and recognize specific cancer cells, it is very significant for researchers to overcome these weaknesses and develop it into a therapy with more efficiency that could treat more types of cancers diseases. This review illustrates the existing FDA-approved CAT-T cell therapies, limitations, and future prospective of CAT-T cell therapy.
Association of lung cancer with ALK and EGFR and its targeted therapy
Authors: Ji Siyu , Li Shangxuan , Song Yifei , Zhu Shouye
Published: March 2023

As one of the diseases that are extremely harmful to human health, cancer is difficult to treat and has a high mortality rate. And Lung cancer is the most common disease in the world and the type of cancer with the highest mortality rate. In order to better understand and monitor the incidence and mortality of cancer and trends as well as the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. In terms of modern medical technology, the treatment of lung cancer is mainly divided into local treatment and systemic treatment, the main method of local treatment is surgery and radiotherapy, and systematic treatment is a drug-based treatment mode, but because lung cancer cells may still remain in the body after treatment. Over time, these cells may divide and grow. How to achieve thorough treatment of lung cancer is a difficult problem to be overcome.
Factors Causing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy, A Global Perspective
Authors: Xing Yihao
Published: March 2023

At the end of the year 2019, all human beings experienced an unprecedented challenge. COVID-19, born in nowhere, has spread worldwide with a beast-like momentum. Surprisingly, scientists broke the record by creating vaccines within the shortest time after the pandemic was declared. Vaccines, commonly known to be an effective approach, not only offer great prevention to an individual but also promote the formation of herd immunity. However, people doubting the efficacy of vaccines hold divergent views toward vaccines made in a rush. In this essay, multiple types of vaccines are introduced, and numerous factors of hesitancy, including economy, education, and religiosity, are taken a closer look at. Following a grand view of worldwide research regarding vaccine efficacy, a specific recommendation, establishing trust publicly, is proposed as well.
Investigating the Role of Immune System in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Su Jiantao
Published: March 2023

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) refers to the immune system's eradication of the cells that produce insulin in the patients’ islets. Dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and lymphocytes are some of the immune cells attended in the relevant immune responses and have been connected to the pathogenesis of T1D. In addition, it is also highlighted that cytokines also activate regulatory processes, like tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 7 (IL-7). It is possible to develop clinical trials for T1D that combine selective cytokine blocking as a component of preventive or interventional immunotherapy. In this project, the current knowledge on the relationship between inflammation and T1D is summarized. Non-specific immune system and specific immune system are highly involved in the complex mechanism and have specific responsibilities respectively. In addition, the roles of different types of cytokines in T1D and cytokine-related potential treatment options are also be discussed in this article.
Detection methods of Parkinson's Disease based on physiological signals and machine learning methods
Authors: Xu Jiaxin
Published: March 2023

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an extremely complex motor disorder due to the lack of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. and other dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic regions of the brain. The high rate of misdiagnosis in Parkinson's disease often causes patients to miss out on the best treatment opportunities. Since some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease are mild in the initial stages and become severe over time, it is particularly important to correctly diagnose Parkinson's disease timely. The traditional tremor detection method of Parkinson's disease is more complex and the misdiagnosis rate is high. Methods based on physiological signals such as Local field potential (LFP), Electromyographic signal (EMG) and EEG signal et.al and research by using the machine learning strategies including the traditional machine learning and deep leaning methods are increasing. Get a precise diagnosis for Parkinson's disease, this paper analyzes physiological signals and machine learning methods that commonly used in PD detection, which may provide theoretical and practical references to future studies.
Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis with Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Duan Wenxuan
Published: March 2023

In China, the majority of osteoarthritis patients have the disease in the knee. Clinically, knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often has joint swelling, pain, stiffness, dysfunction and other symptoms, which reduce the patients’ quality of life. There is a trend that osteoarthritis affects more and more young people in China, so it is much more important to treat KOA. Being a cheap and non-surgical option, the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has unique advantages in dealing with the pain caused by KOA. This article presents the pathogenesis and pain mechanism of KOA, describes the mechanism of TENS in KOA treatment, discusses the advantages and disadvantages, and proposes some combined treatment methods. Some studies have shown that the pathogenesis of KOA is related to the theory of unequal settlement of knee joints, and the pain comes from cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial membrane lesions. The gate control theory, endogenous opioid peptide release theory and diffuse noxious inhibitory controls theory are considered as the theoretical basis for TENS to inhibit pain. Its effectiveness, adaptability and incidence of adverse reactions are better than using drugs, but it cannot improve walking ability and the range of motion of the joints. Combination therapies of TENS are currently effective for treating KOA, including TENS combined with ultrasound, sodium hyaluronate, massage, functional training and other treatment options.
Warm Acupuncture in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis of the Knee Joint
Authors: Zhang Jiebin
Published: March 2023

Osteoarthritis of the knee (KOA) is a long-term deterioration disease in middle and old age, and its final level of disability reached 53%. In contrast to western medicine, which has many side effects such as bleeding and gastric perforation and ulceration, warm acupuncture in Chinese medicine has the advantages of easy operation and precise efficacy, in addition to circumventing the abuse of western medicine. This study presents four related combination treatments for KOA from warm acupuncture. The results show that warm acupuncture could improve knee mobility and pain. Meanwhile, warm acupuncture combined with pricking and bleeding can significantly improve knee joint motor function and pain in gouty knee osteoarthritis patients. Warm acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine could further improve the knee joint function and pain problems in KOA patients. Warm acupuncture combined with western medicine achieves a certain effect, which effectively reduces the oxidative stress response of the body and improve pain and body's motor function problems. Warm acupuncture can also be combined with multiple therapies to treat diseases synergistically and has different therapeutic effects.
The Focused Analysis of COVID-19 RNA-based vaccines
Authors: Li Qingrong , Wu Jiayi
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 virus has rapidly spread over the whole world and has now been declared a pandemic since the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as COVID-19, were found in Wuhan, China. It is undeniable that the only effective method to reduce COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality is to prevent infection through widespread vaccination. Various COVID-19 vaccines have been developed to date, many of which have been approved for use in the prevention of COVID-19. The era of RNA vaccines has come since December 2020, when two RNA-based vaccines -- from German pharmaceutical company BioNTech and US pharmaceutical company Moderna respectively--received emergency use authorizations from regulators in several countries to fight COVID-19. RNA-based vaccines were the first to be created and approved for use in humans, and they continue to play a crucial role in the global effort to fight the illness. This essay will introduce the efficacy, adverse reactions, production, and encountered limitations of existing RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, and also predict the possible development direction of RNA-based vaccines in the future.
Developing CAR T and CAR NK cells for HIV-1 eradication
Authors: Yang Chumeng
Published: March 2023

Since HIV-1 was first discovered in the early 1980s, this virus has killed nearly 400,000 people around the world. However, up to now, there is no known cure for HIV-1 infection, because the removal of the HIV-1 repository is unreachable. In recent years, scientists began to apply the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), an immunotherapy that has made great progress in hematological malignancies treatment, to the remedy of people infected with HIV-1, hoping to "kill" the virus completely after "shock" treatment. This review discussed the latest research progress of different types of CAR T cells, including CD4-based, scFv-based, and bi-/tri-specific CAR T cells, in HIV-1 therapy, and their advantages and limitations in detail. Additionally, it also briefly reviewed the function of NK cells in fighting HIV-1 infection and summarized the research results of CAR NK cells in AIDS treatment.
The Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pregnant Women
Authors: Peng Xi
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has many impacts on the society, such as the inadequacies and shortcomings of the current health system. There have been many reports pointing out that pregnant women are a vulnerable group to the severe COVID-19. Their bodies are more sensitive to the virus, that's for sure. According to a report from the University of Washington, the tissue structure of the placenta is vulnerable to the new coronavirus. And its role in the process of gestation is crucial. In addition, the physiological changes in pregnant women make it important for them to get enough oxygen. And it is the respiratory system that the novel coronavirus attacks. Early indiscrimination between COVID-19 and influenza also lead to worsening of illness caused by delayed treatment. Pregnant women, a vulnerable group, should be taken seriously and cared about in this environment, so that the health system needs to be changed. This article focuses on some severe cases of pregnant women caused by the novel coronavirus and the psychological and social pressure that pregnant women suffer in this environment.
Discussion on the mechanism of glial scar inhibiting axonal regeneration in CNS and new techniques of anti-inhibition regeneration
Authors: Wei Zhaocong
Published: March 2023

Nerve regeneration is a process of self-recovery after nerve injury. Nerve regeneration is more difficult in the central nervous system (CNS) than in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). So far, there are few cases of CNS cure. The difficulty of CNS regeneration brings great loss to patients and society. In recent years, scientific research has found that damage to the CNS is caused by mechanisms that hinder its regeneration. This review has provided a comprehensive summary of recent studies on the inhibitory mechanism of glial scar, which are the main factors affecting axonal regeneration in the CNS, and deeply discussed the mechanism of a series of factors related to glial scar, such as CSPGs, Nogo family proteins, NgR1, LINGO-1 and p75, on the production of glial scar. After this, the idea of their ability to study the regeneration of the CNS after injury was analyzed, and the new technology of anti-inhibition of CNS regeneration therapy was looked forward.
The Pathogenesis of Epilepsy and its Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Jiang Dan
Published: March 2023

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent, chronic, and severe seizure-related disorder of the nervous system, affecting seventy million individuals globally. The risk factors and pathogenesis of epilepsy are also diverse. Nevertheless, there have been mature treatments for epilepsy, among which antiepileptic drug treatment is the most common treatment around the world. Almost 70% of patients have their seizures controlled after drug treatment, but some drug-resistant epilepsies still need to be treated by some other supplemental treatment. In order to take appropriate treatments, we must first fully understand the pathogenesis of epilepsy. As a result, this paper introduced three kinds of pathogenesis in detail, namely abnormal ion channels, abnormal neurotransmitters, and abnormal neuroglial cells. In addition, the diagnosis of epilepsy was also introduced. Last but not least, we highly summarized the treatment except for drug treatment, namely surgical treatment and neuromodulation. Furthermore, this paper also proposed a new treatment, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology, that may be used to treat epilepsy in the future.
Potential Impact on Sexual Behaviors, Access to HIV Care and Health for Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chen Congzhou
Published: March 2023

In view of recent advancements in HIV prevention and care for men who have sex with men (MSM) during the COVID-19 outbreak, the study conducted a literature review to comprehend how restriction-related interventions to minimize Coronavirus illness effect sexual behavior change among MSM, access to HIV services, and mental health and clinical health outcomes among MSM. The findings indicate that MSM populations altered their sexual behavior throughout the pandemic, including a drop in the number of sexual partners and sexual activities, but an unmet requirement for condom use. HIV services were impacted during COVID-19, in addition to behavioral and structural interventions. Overburdened public health systems are forcing resources to be diverted to pandemic treatment, with plans to suspend related HIV services to reduce population infections. Additionally, the MSM's need for self-protection and obstacles to engaging in sexual relations are considerations. Poor psychological and clinical outcomes among MSM, particularly those with HIV, are dramatically worsened. The results also imply that telemedicine interventions should be implemented for MSM populations during this disease to address the burden of the services for HIV and continuity of care. Further investigation is needed to determine how sexual behavior, HIV treatment, and service interruptions affect MSM's psychological and physical health.
Stem Cell Therapy in Heart Failure
Authors: Yung Ma Chi
Published: March 2023

Heart related disease are among leading causes of death worldwide, but there are few efficient treatments available. Stem cells possess excellent potential because therapeutic methods now enhance patient quality of life and address comorbidities. A growing corpus of research demonstrates that local cardiac stem cells are activated to rejuvenate the heart. Recent clinical trials seem to confirm that stem cell therapy for people with persistent heart failure is safe. Along with the most effective pharmacological and technology therapies, stem cell therapy may improve NT-proBNP, exercise tolerance, and cardiac function. However, following a severe heart injury, the heart's intrinsic ability to regenerate is insufficient to facilitate healing. With stem cell therapy, the risk of fatal heart attacks and strokes is reduced by 65%. In some heart failure patients, stem cell therapy has been found to lower the risk of heart attack and stroke. More research on the effectiveness and safety of these medications is needed before they can be used more frequently.
The effects of Covid 19 on the globe —- discovering the development trend of biotechnology
Authors: Zhao Hao
Published: March 2023

Global development has been forced to a halt since the COVID-19 pandemic, but a few sectors, such as biotechnology, have received high attention and attracted investment as a result, leading to its rise against the wind to become the fastest-growing industry since the pandemic. This study is based on the analysis of the current situation of biotechnology-related companies, laboratories, and related industries and structures, and is supported by their influence and importance to today's society. The study found that despite the serious impact of the pandemic on world development, the structure of related industries such as biotechnology has been optimized and played a role in promoting its development due to the impact of vaccine research and development and increased investment. It can be seen from the results that people pay more and more attention to biotechnology, and at the same time, the industry chain related to biotechnology has also seized the opportunity to transform and upgrade, not only successfully maintaining growth in the current economic downturn but also laying a good foundation for its further development in the future.
Application of Paclitaxel in Ovarian Cancer and Effect of Different Administration Methods
Authors: He Xingtong , Liu Zhaojun , Zheng Zehua
Published: March 2023

Paclitaxel, which acts on the spindle apparatus to kill cancer cells, as a classic drug for cancer treatment, has attracted people's attention in the application prospect of ovarian cancer. In the aspect of synthesis, currently, paclitaxel is obtained by natural synthesis and artificial synthesis. The yield of natural synthesis is not good. Artificial synthesis has a high conversion rate, but it still needs to reduce the synthesis steps and increase the yield. In terms of drug intake, the side effects of injection can be reduced by oral administration instead of prolonged injection time. As for the side effects of the drug itself, although there are still many side effects caused by the use of taxol to treat ovarian cancer, the effect can be improved by combining it with natural drugs. From the synthesis, medication methods and clinical problems of paclitaxel, the current prospects and problems in the application of paclitaxel were analyzed comprehensively, and the conclusion was drawn that paclitaxel is a drug worth using and expected to be improved at the present stage.
Current NASH Pathogenesis and Diagnostic Techniques and Treatments
Authors: Dai Ling
Published: March 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by excessive triglyceride deposition in liver, excluding alcoholic or drug factors. NAFLD has grown into a public health concern since it is a leading cause of chronic liver disease in wealthy areas due to obesity and its associated metabolic syndrome. NAFLD has two typical types: non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH significantly impacts the life quality and life expectancy of chronic liver disease. Moreover, NASH is fatal since it involves the onset of multiple chronic disease and may cause cirrhosis and liver failure. Potentially more worrying, NASH does not show any obvious symptoms in early stages, therefore, a more effective and precise NASH diagnostic technique is necessary. This review introduces the current research status of NASH and summarizes the obstacles and potential solution in this research.
Applications of Big Data technology in Intelligent Transportation System
Authors: Hou Wozuo
Published: March 2023

With the continuous development of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), amount of data can be collected, generated and used by ITS, and the application of big data technology in Intelligent Transportation System is also applied in different kinds of fields. This paper first explains the definition of big data and intelligent transportation systems. Second, the framework of big data technology in the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) is introduced, which summarizes the data collection methods in specific scenarios of ITS, the application methods of data analysis in ITS, and the application of big data technology in ITS. Furthermore, this paper introduces several case studies on the application of big data technology in ITS, including public transport service planning, road traffic flow prediction, road traffic accident analysis, personal travel route planning, rail traffic management and control, and data analysis and prediction of bridge safety. Finally, this paper discusses some challenges of using big data technology in ITS.
Evaluation of Different Traffic Modes Connecting Regional Metro Stations--A case study in Dishui Lake Station
Authors: Huang Heshan , Ji Che
Published: March 2023

This paper aims to find out the best traffic mode connecting the regional metro station and provide several suggestions to promote it. Dishui Lake subway station was selected for the case study. In order to find the best transfer mode to promote, an evaluation system was established according to the principle of accessible, affordable, convenient, effective, environment-friendly, safe, and speedy. TOPSIS is used to rank the four connection modes of Dishui Lake subway station, and it was found that the transfer modes that were most consistent with the stated principle in the area were walking and bus. In the promotion of these two modes, the influencing factors to passengers’ mode choice are analyzed and classified into 3 aspects, psychological, operational, and policy. Eventually, some targeted suggestions are put forward according to the influencing factors under each category.
An Application of the Node Place Model to Explore the Interactive Mechanism Between Rail Stations and Urban Functions--A Comprehensive Analysis and a Case Study in Guangzhou
Authors: Liu Haiyao
Published: March 2023

In the recent two decades, transit-oriented development (TOD) has been applied to deal with multiple traffic problems. To alleviate the urban traffic pressure, the Chinese government aims to establish rail transit in numerous cities, including the traditional rail, metro rail, light rail, and high-speed rail (HSR). Based on the notion of TOD, the balance of transport service and urban development is important for the TOD railway station. To explore the interaction mechanism between railway stations and surrounding area, this paper focuses on the coordinated evaluation of the interaction using the mode-place model. In the first part, a literature review is done to explore the overall interactive effects between node and place and the mode-place model applied to rail stations in Tokyo, Korea, and Shanghai. In general, there is a robust relationship between the transport service and the urban development of surrounding areas, and this interaction is affected by the location of rail stations. Furthermore, the application of this model not only corroborates these effects but also provides insight into the future development of rail stations. In the second part, the node place model is used to assess the node and place development of Guangzhou metro stations. The result shows that location, functional characteristics, and government planning play essential roles in the station area development.
Passenger flow simulation of Xiamafang metro station based on AnyLogic
Authors: Zhu Qing
Published: March 2023

In this paper, based on the functional location layout and passenger flow distribution characteristics of Xiamafang metro station, the passenger flow of Xiamafang metro station is simulated and analyzed with the help of the traffic behavior model theory of pedestrians by using the AnyLogic micro dynamic simulation software, the traffic behavior, simulation method and simulation effect are studied. Firstly, it introduces the actual situation of Xiamafang metro station, including the analysis of station layout and passenger flow organization streamline. Secondly, the pedestrian micro simulation model and implementation method are studied, including the social force model, the introduction of AnyLogic software and the implementation steps of pedestrian simulation. Finally, in the case of simplifying the layout of facilities in Xiamafang metro station, the simulation model of subway station is established by using AnyLogic software, the simulation effect is studied, the main problems of passenger flow in the station are analyzed, and the optimization measures are put forward for the bottleneck problems, which provides the basis for the actual operation and management decision-making.
Density and Small Disturbance Equation-Based Simulation of Designed Bipalne Airfoil Under Supersonic Flow
Authors: Liu Qiuyi
Published: March 2023

For inviscid airflows, the small disturbance equation (SDE), as a condensed form of the full potential equation, is an effective approach for characterising the behaviour of this type of airflow in the presence of thin obstacles in its path. Density-based solutions (DBS) are frequently used by ANSYS to model the airflow behavior under the same environment. Through the impact of shock interference between the target wings, special Bussemann-type supersonic biplane designs can be effective in restricting sonic booms and wave drags in particular supersonic conditions. The modeling investigations of the shock oscillations produced between the wings are quite rare, nevertheless. Therefore, in order to replicate the behavior of the airflow over the target wing in supersonic settings and to compare the results more closely to reality, the Small Disturbance Equation (SDE) and the Density Based Solution (DBS) will be employed as efficient simulation tools in this study. The SDE results are vulnerable to inaccuracies because of the constraints of the simulation settings, whereas the DBS results are more accurate when compared to the exact simulation results. Overall, the DBS simulation results and the legit results are consistent, indicating that the inviscid airflow hypothesis is a feasible option for modelling the effectiveness of shock oscillations between wings. The SDE approach, which is implemented in Python and is a condensed version of the en-tire potential equation, offers a lot of space for development as it only does simulations in terms of velocity in this article and ignores the pressure and density elements.
The Latest Progress in Effect Factors and Related Applications of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Jinchen
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the perovskite solar cells have attracted wide attention for its increasing power conversion efficiency (PCE), simple manufacturing process, low cost material components, light and simple wearable abilities and simple using conditions. Many researchers cooperate to improve the stability, efficiency, universality and operational repeatability of the perovskite solar cells. These efforts have taken a huge step forward in the field of perovskite solar cells and achieved a maximum PCE of 26.11%, which greatly encouraged staffs in the relevant fields. However, there are many factors restricting the continued development and practical application of perovskite solar cells. In this paper, the development and structure of perovskite solar cells are introduced, and different factors for its performance are carefully summarized including surface modification, electrolyte solution, working temperature and spectrum absorption. Moreover, its application in outer space, quantum dots and working temperature are also briefly presented. This work could provide some current practical application situation of perovskite solar cells. Finally, the development prospect of perovskite solar cells is briefly discussed.
Forest Management Plan Based on Comprehensive Benefit Model
Authors: Zuo Mingzi , Xie Yilong , Zhou Yan
Published: March 2023

Based on a well-documented analysis of influencing factors, this paper provides an effective and referenced forest management scheme to better balance deforestation and comprehensive benefits. First,construct a Carbon Sequestration Model by dividing it into two parts: forest carbon sequestration and forest-derived products carbon sequestration. For forest carbon sequestration, this paper take into account the Net Primary Productivity and estimate based on the Thornthwaite Memoral Model. For forest-derived products, this paper used K-means clustering to analyze the lifespan of wood and combined the conversion factor from wood volume to carbon tons to calculate. this paper analyzed the carbon sequestration model and fitted the relationship between the carbon sequestration per unit of existing forest area and the deforestation, and combined with the peak points to get the forest management plan: the peak point is the largest carbon sequestration per unit area, and you should prepare to cut down trees at this time. In order to prevent the carbon sequestration from becoming lower after the peak value; on the left side of the peak point, the tree needs to continue to grow; on the right side of the peak point, the tree needs to be cut down immediately. Second, based on the carbon sequestration model, this paper consider more factors and use the Entropy Weight Method to build a Comprehensive Benefit Model. this paper analyzed the comprehensive benefit model and fitted the relationship between the comprehensive benefit per unit of existing forest area and deforestation. this paper model is applicable to any forest situation including natural disasters subject to force majeure. when it is on the left side of the peak, it is not necessary to cut down the tree. Next,this paper combine the peak points, namely transition points, to arrive at the forest management plan. Third, this paper apply the comprehensive benefit model to various forests. this paper used a Markov Model to predict carbon sequestration after 100 years, and created a three-dimensional map of carbon sequestration in forests around the world. this paper combine the peak points to derive the forest management plan. this paper combine peak points with Pareto's law to optimize forest management plans.
Review on Bose-Einstein Condensation
Authors: Wang Boyuan
Published: March 2023

With the prevalence of quantum theory, many physicists have focused on the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) because it reveals the quantum behavior macroscopically. This article discusses briefly the discovery of BEC and the difficulties to achieve BEC. After that, the general procedures to achieve BEC are introduced while the mechanism of important techniques to accomplish each procedure is illustrated, such as laser cooling, trapping, and evaporative cooling. Besides, the unique physical properties of BEC are introduced in this article. Finally, the possible application of BEC in the field of an atom laser, simulation, and the atomic clock is evaluated.
Comparison of Different Types of Black Holes
Authors: Li Yintong
Published: March 2023

With the deeper exploration on black hole, more and more categories of black holes are defined by astronomers and physicists. The article will discuss the differences in detection and process of accretion between the binary black holes and isolated black holes through analysing previous researches on black holes. To search for binary black holes, whose companion may be luminous, classical methods include spectrum test and calculation of the operation of binary star system are applied. On the other hand, the state-or-art facilities HST are used to detect them based on gravitational lens effect. These two different sorts of black holes also have their unique process of accretion. The binary black holes absorb particles from the stellar wind which is given out by their companion, forming two “minidisk”. The process is accompanied with strong emission of X-ray. Meanwhile, the accretion of isolated black hole forms only one ring of gas. The accretion flow is mostly weak and radioactively inefficient. The reason for these differences can be their separate optical features and relationships with environment. It is aimed at distinguishing the two kinds of black holes with different framework, making them easier to identify only with optical evidence or data on radioactive emission. Therefore, it’s easy to tell the infer structure from evidence that astronomers can comparatively easier obtain about black holes, which is beneficial for further studies about black holes internal structure details. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of black holes.
Evaluation and measurements of the age for the universe
Authors: Liu Haozhi
Published: March 2023

The universe is expanding, at a very large rate, which attracts a large number of scholars to measure its age and size accurately. In this paper, a possible way to measure the age of the universe is proposed. To be specific, this study employs a CCD and an EMCCD camera to evaluate the redshift of the Hydrogen isotopes in another galaxy. Then, compare values to those on Earth are compared and the escaping velocity of the galaxy are calculated. Afterwards, the distance between us and the galaxy are derived, and the age of the universe will come out from the Hubble’s Law. The data collected from a CCD camera and an EMCCD camera set on a 0.61m telescope. According to the analysis, the age of the universe is 9.7 billion years, which has a 29.6% margin of error. The reason why it has such large margin of error is that all the measurement of distance is based on a simple ruler. Naked eyes easily cause error, so in the following experiments more concise measurements will be employed with appropriate equipment. When one knows the age of the universe, a series of investigations and study can be carried out in context of the evolution of the universe. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of unveiling the evolution of the universe.
Identifying 16 Personalities Based on Daily Writing by Random Forest and Logistic Regression
Authors: Xiao Bowen
Published: March 2023

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a self-reported personality test based on psychological theory proposed by Carl Gustav Jung, elaborated and developed by Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. It separates human’s personality into 4 dimensions: mind, energy, nature and tactics, 2 directions are provided in each dimension, and it results 16 distinct personalities. Through the exquisite figures design of each personality and extensive advertisement, the test has immediately attracted a huge amount of participants among the youth. Finally, the MBTI test gradually creates a new trend of labeling and judging people according to their personality. Current studies have predicted the personality through linear SVM, Neural network, and K-means. This study devotes to utilize Logistic Regression model and Random forest model to predict based on the daily conversation. As a result, the accuracy that the author gets is relatively high comparing with similar works, and the best accuracy of 4 dimensions (Mind, Energy, Nature, Tactics) in author’s model reaches 78.67%, 85.82%, 58.73% and 63.0%.. The purpose of this study is examining the practicability of implementing machine learning in the psychological field, meanwhile, extends the methods of predict one’s personality. Studies in this field can be further used to help analyze a people, and assist the doctors to treat psychological problems.
Proof of Cauchy’s theorem on Disc
Authors: Peng Yi , Wen Yijue , Zhang Weiping
Published: March 2023

Mathematical analysis known as "complex analysis" examines characteristics of functions, sequences, derivatives of complex numbers, and other objects. When Italian mathematicians Girolamo Cardano and Raphael Bombelli attempted to solve a unique algebra, that is when people first learned about complex numbers. After hundreds of years of growth, complex analysis is now a crucial component of mathematics, physics, and engineering, particularly in the areas of algebraic geometry, fluid dynamics, quantum mechanics, and other related subjects. Complex analysis is a fascinating and esoteric field of study. Mathematicians have created groundbreaking work in this area during the past few centuries. Complex numbers were first defined by mathematicians, who subsequently gradually looked into their algebraic and geometric properties. After hundreds of years, they discovered and studied complex computations. Convergent power series local representations exist for holomorphic functions. This amazing discovery, made by Cauchy between 1830 and 1840, helps to explain the fascinating properties of holomorphic functions. The Cauchy integral theorem is one of the most important concepts in complex analysis. In this paper, a detailed proof of Cauchy’s theorem on a local disc is given.
The additional proof and application of Cauchy-Riemann Equation
Authors: Zhang Guangxun
Published: March 2023

As far back as the seventeenth century, Newton and Leibniz introduced and refined the idea of calculus, and the concepts of derivative and differentiation gradually entered the mathematical world as powerful tools. However, after the appearance of the theory of complex functions in the 18th century, the conventional methods used to analyze the properties of complex functions were somewhat limited. Thus, mathematicians Cauchy and Riemann came up with the idea of the “C-R equation” and provided the necessary and sufficient conditions in derivable complex functions based on the research done by d'Alembert. This equation laid the foundation for the analytic function. This paper introduces the idea of the limit of two variables function and shows both the concept of and graphical meaning partial derivative, paving way for the concept of complex function and that of C-R equation. In addition, the paper specifically proves the C-R equation by a much more rigorous method with the routes from the linear equation and applies this important equation to determine the number of and the locations of the differentiable points in a complex plane. It is also one of the factors to determine the analyticity of complex functions. At the end of the paper, an example will be provided to illustrate the application of the C-R equation.