bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of the Cox Maze-IV Procedure in Cardiac Surgery Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Trofimov N. A. , Medvedev A. P. , Babokin V. E. , Nikolsky A. V. , Efimova I. P. , Plechev V. V. , Plecheva D. V. , Babokina S. V. , Kashin V. Yu. , Zhamlikhanov N. Kh. , Egorov D. V.
Published: June 2020

AimAnalyzing a 5-year experience of surgical treatment of cardiosurgical patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).Material and methodsThe study analyzed results of surgical treatment with extracorporeal circulation in 132 patients with AF who underwent the Maze-IV procedure using a radiofrequency ablator with transmurality feedback from 2013 through 2018.ResultsTwo fatal outcomes were observed in the study group. These outcomes took place in the early postoperative period and were associated with progressive acute heart failure in patients with repeated surgery for mitral valve restenosis. 61.2% of the patients had no AF. Recurrent AF was observed during the first three years after surgery in association with withdrawal of the antiarrhythmic medication, which confirmed a need for long-term antiarrhythmic therapy. Analysis of risk factors for AF relapse identified significant predictors, including left ventricular dilatation larger than 5.5 cm at baseline and more than two-year duration of a history of arrhythmias.ConclusionThe Maze-IV procedure proved an effective and safe method of surgical treatment in AF patients with acquired heart defects and ischemic heart disease, which allowed maintaining sinus rhythm in 61.2% of patients for 5 years. Preventive amiodarone saturation reduced the risk of AF relapse by 24.2 % (p=0.038) and incidence of postoperative arrhythmic complications by 34.9 % (p=0.008) in cardiosurgical patients.
Endoscopic management of retrocalcaneal pain: a prospective observational study
Authors: Meena Mukesh Kumar , Kalra Mukesh , Singh Suryakant , Meena Sanjay , Jangira Vivek , Chouhan Dushyant , Chaudhary Neha
Published: June 2020

Background: In an effort to reduce morbidity and complications of open surgery, an endoscopic technique was used for the management of the conditions leading to retrocalcaneal pain. With this purpose, the current study was undertaken to evaluate results of endoscopic management of retrocalcaneal pain using American orthopaedic foot and ankle score (AOFAS).

Methods: 20 patients (26 heels) in the age group 18-80 years presenting with retrocalcaneal pain not responding to conservative management underwent endoscopic decompression of the retrocalcaneal bursae and excision of bony spurs. Two portals were created, one laterally and one medially, over the posterosuperior portion of the calcaneus to gain access to the retrocalcaneal space. The inflamed bursal tissue was identified and removed, and the prominent bone was resected. The functional outcome was evaluated pre and postoperatively with the AOFAS.

Results: 70% patients have retrocalcaneal bursitis, 20% Haglund’s deformity as confirmed on lateral view of ankle X-ray and only 10% of non-insertional tendinosis. Mean operative time was 54.95 minutes. Mean duration of hospital stay was 3.90±0.64 and the mean follow-up was 66 days (range 30-180 days). The average AOFAS score improved from 65.60 points pre-operatively to 96.80 points at final follow-up. There were fifteen excellent results, seven good results, two fair results and two poor results.

Conclusions: Endoscopic procedure for retrocalcaneal bursitis and Haglund deformity seemed to be a safe and efficacious option for surgical treatment of retrocalcaneal pain.
Efficacy of Ezetimibe/Simvastatin (10/10 mg) versus High Dose Statin in Dyslipidemia Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: YANG Gaoming , HAN Dengfeng , MA Jianhua , ZHANG Xiaoning
Published: June 2020

Background: The monotherapies of statin and ezetimibe had not successfully achieved their objectives in the management of lipid levels of dyslipidemia patients. We aimed to compare the effects of combined low-dose simvastatin and ezetimibe versus high-dose statin on the lipid-lowering treatment of dyslipidemia patients. Methods: We searched five databases published before May 2018, namely PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov. Completely published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of high-dose statin (S) with ezetimibe/simvastatin (10/10 mg; E/S) on the management of dyslipidemia patients were included. Results: A total of ten RCTs met the inclusion criteria, including 1,624 patients (E/S:691, S:933). Six outcomes underwent pooled analysis, including weighted mean difference (WMD) from baseline in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), triglyceride (TG), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL-C). No significant gap was found between high-dose statin and ezetimibe/simvastatin (10/10 mg) in LDL-C (-1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI]:-4.42~1.31, P=0 .29), HDL-C (1.05; 95%CI:-0.21~2.3, P=0 .1), TG (4.03; 95%CI:-4.53~12.58, P=0.36), and hs-CRP (0.14; 95%CI:-0.50~0.78, P=0.67). However, there was significant difference found between the two lipid-lowering treatments in TC (-0.45; 95%CI:-9.07~-0.83, P=0.02) and non-HDL-C (-4.97; 95%CI -8.46~-1.49, P=0.005). Conclusion: Ezetimibe co-administered with simvastatin (10 mg) and high-dose statin monotherapy may show similar effects in reducing LDL-C, TG, and hs-CRP levels and in increasing HDL-C levels. However, the results suggest that there was greater TC and non-HDL-C lowering through high-dose statin monotherapy as compared with ezetimibe/simvastatin co-administration.
Cost Effectiveness of Mobile versus Fixed Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review
Authors: MOHAMMADSHAHI Marita , ALIPOURI SAKHA Minoo , ESFANDIARI Atefeh , SHIRVANI Maryam , AKBARI SARI Ali
Published: June 2020

Background: Mobile technologies are widely used in healthcare. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of fixed computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the mobile ones. Methods: In this systematic review, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and CRD database were searched from 1995 to 2015. The data on safety and effectiveness of technologies were extracted from included studies. Because the review showed no significant differences in the performance of mobile CT and MRI compared to the fixed ones, then a cost minimization approach was used to explore the cost-effectiveness of three scenarios. Results: Twenty two articles were included in the review that showed no statistically significant differences in the performance of mobile MRI and CT scan compared to the fixed ones. The cost minimization approach showed that the third scenario based on purchasing a common mobile MRI and CT scan; and using it by two or more hospitals that are in rational distance from each other is associated with the lowest costs, so it is the most cost-effectiveness strategy. Conclusion: The performance of Mobile CT and mobile MRI is comparable to the fixed ones; and using a combined mobile CT and MRI by two or three hospitals is the most cost-effective approach.
Application and Evaluation of SPD Based Logistics Management Model for Medical Consumables in Clinical Nursing Departments
Authors: YANG Chai , GU Wei , LIU Tongzhu
Published: June 2020

Background: Supply, processing, and distribution (SPD) model is sparingly used in hospitals in China. We evaluated its effects on the management efficiency, quality control, and operating costs of medical consumables (MCs) in the clinical nursing surroundings in a single Chinese hospital-Anhui Provincial Hospital from 2014 to 2015. Methods: Amount-based packages (ABP) and procedure-based packages (PBP) models were created. They were introduced the use of quick response (QR) code scanning for using in clinical nursing departments (CNDs). Questionnaires were prepared by referring to previous literature and using Delphi method repeatedly, further discussed and formalized. Partial results of the formal questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Frequency of MCs claims reduced without any requirements of MCs in 70% of CNDs. Average time spent on the inventory per week decreased and the time required to procure MCs reduced. Moreover, the average satisfaction score with MCs management increased, reaching 100%. Average space occupied by MCs decreased significantly, reducing by 1.2444m3. Overall, 100% of the respondents concluded that the management of MCs improved effectively and the inventory turnover rate had accelerated. The cost of MCs decreased by 15% with more than 10% increase in in-hospital amount, and the average daily cost of MCs also showed decrease. Conclusion: SPD can improve the efficiency of MCs management in CNDs, reducing medical risks and disputes, saving hospital operating costs, and decreasing capital occupation.
Epidemiology of Suicide/Suicide Attempt and Its Association with Individual, Family, and Social Factors in Eastern Part of Iran: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: ALAMI Ali , NEJATIAN Mahbobeh , LAEL-MONFARED Elaheh , JAFARI Alireza
Published: June 2020

Background: Suicide/suicide attempt, as a major public health problem, has been included among anti-social behaviors. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of suicide and some associated individual, family, and social factors. Methods: A historical cohort study was conducted among all cases (748 persons) reports related to suicide/suicide attempt that register in hospital reporting system and health care center in Gonabad and Bajestan, Iran, from 2009 to 2014. The required data were extracted through a checklist. Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytic statistics (t-test, Chi-square, and logistic regression) applied to analyzed data. All data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 748 reported suicide attempters, 17 cases (2.3%) had completed suicide. The annual average incidence rate of suicide was 110.03 per 100,000 populations. The mean age of suicide attempt had significantly decreased during the time (P=0.007). Furthermore, a significant association was observed between outcome of suicide and place of residence (P=0.019), history of physical illnesses (P=0.002), and method of suicide (P=0.001). Conclusion: Due to trend of age among suicide attempters, considering intervention programs of suicide prevention for school pupils and university students especially individuals residing in rural areas, as well as individuals suffering from physical illness would be effective to reduce the rate of suicide.
Validity and Reliability of the Iranian Version of the Short Form Social Well Being Scale in a General Urban Population
Authors: SHAYEGHIAN Zeinab , AMIRI Parisa , VAHEDI-NOTASH Golnaz , KARIMI Mehrdad , AZIZI Fereidoun
Published: June 2020

Background: We aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the short form social well-being scale. Methods: After linguistic validation, the Iranian version of social well-being scale was completed by 715 participants, aged ≥18 yr between Jan and Sep 2015. Concurrent validity was examined by calculating the Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the dimensions of social well-being and social support. Internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, confirmatory and explanatory factor analyses were also examined. Results: The internal consistency as measured by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients was 0.72 for total score. No ceiling and floor effect was found in total score or any of the subscales. The concurrent correlation coefficients between social well-being and social support ranged from good to excellent agreement. Exploratory factor analysis supported mainly comparable results with the original US English dialect version. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis for 5-factor models indicated acceptable fit for the proposed research models. Conclusion: The findings support the initial reliability and validity of the Iranian version of the social well-being scale in the research and community settings in Iran.
A New Perspective on the Status of the Intestinal Parasitic Infections in the Rural Areas of Fars Province South of Iran
Authors: NOWROZI Mojtaba , MOWLAVI Holam Reza , ALISHAVANDI Mostafa , HATAM Gholamreza
Published: June 2020

Background: Parasitoses are among the most important problems of most countries especially developing countries. We aimed to detect the situation of intestinal parasitic infections in the Farashband district in Fars Province South of Iran and identify influential factors in the escalation of parasitic diseases and to reduce them. Methods: Overall, 1009 participants from the age of 6 months to 90 years were selected from 3 cities and 15 villages of Farashband district, Fars Province South of Iran from 2015 to 2016. Parasitological methods such as the direct assay method, formalin-ether concentration method, and zinc sulfate flotation were used for diagnosis of worm eggs, cysts, and protozoa trophozoite. Susceptible and protozoan positive samples were stained using the Trichrome staining method. The modified acid-fast staining procedure was conducted for diarrheal samples and the results were used for diagnosis of coccidia. Results: Overall, 313 subjects were infected with at least one intestinal parasite (pathogenic and nonpathogenic). Helminthes infection and protozoan infection were observed in 9 (0.9%) and 304 (30.13%) participants, respectively. Fecal samples of 34 patients with diarrheal feces were used to prepare smears for further examinations using the Ziehl-Neelsen staining method. Examinations showed no infection with coccidia. Conclusion: Helminthes infection has decreased drastically but protozoan infection is still considered a health issue in this region. It is possible to reduce parasitic infections through proper measures such as increasing public awareness and education the public, especially children on health problems with education courses.
Tax Benefits for Preventing and Supporting Catastrophic Health Expenditures: Ex-Ante versus Ex-Post Governmental Financial Support
Authors: YOON Sung Man , JUN Byung Wook
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Cultural Challenges Using Technology Following the Kermanshah Earthquake, Western Iran November 2017
Authors: SOROUSH Ali , SAEID Mozhgan , KOMASI Saeid
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Global Health Diplomacy: A Closer Look
Authors: KHODAYARI-ZARNAQ Rahim , ALIZADEH Gisoo , KABIRI Neda
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Elimination of Over-the-Counter Medicines from the Health Insurance Coverage: A Right or Wrong Decision
Authors: JOULAEI Hassan , HEYDARI Mohammadreza
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Diagnóstico de Ca. de cuello
Authors: Gamboa González Alvaro , Cortés Caballero Carlos
Published: June 2020

Se analizan 97.515 estudios de colpocitología, verificados en 67.879 mujeres atendidas en los Centros de Planificación Familiar de las ciudades de Bucaramanga y Cúcuta, y 29.636 practicados por la Liga Contra el Cáncer de Bucaramanga entre 1971 y 1977Los resultados obtenidos en el análisis hecha de acuerdo con la clasificación de Papanicolau, muestran un notable aumento de casos sospechosos de malignidad hasta 1974, seguido de descenso y nuevo aumento en las estadísticas de la Liga Contra el Cáncer de Bucaramanga. En contraste, la casuística de Profamilia, especialmente en Bucaramanga, muestra un notable descenso en la frecuencia de las citologías sopechosas.Se consideran la importancia y las posibles causas de aumento en la frecuencia de Pap III, en el primer grupo estudiado.
El trauma del nacimiento II. - El riesgo perinatológico y la operación cesárea
Authors: Quevedo Caicedo Jaime
Published: June 2020

Se hace un análisis comparativo de la MNT que presentan a largo plazo los niños nacidos por operaciones cesareas electivas y de urgencia. Como era de esperar se observa una MNT mucho más alta en el grupo de las C. urgentes; en el grupo de las electivas se encontró una MNT alarmantemente alta. Se hace un llamado a los obstetras para que eviten las Cesareas por complacencias y utilicen pautas claras y precisas que solo busquen evitar un menor riesgo fetal.
Editorial
Authors: De Obstetricia y ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: June 2020

En días pasados , toda la prensa del país se vió estimulada por un programa de TV. de amplia sintonía, que volvió a plantear el tema de la Planeación Familiar en Colombia; tema que tan de cerca nos toca a quienes practicamos la especilidad y vemos a diario el drama de la superpoblación entre las clases menos favorecidas, con todas sus implicaciones: sociales, económicas y de salud pública.
El trauma del nacimiento - I. Las alteraciones del sueño en el niño con alto riesgo perinatal
Authors: Quevedo Caicedo Jaime
Published: June 2020

Se hace un análisis de las alteraciones del Sueño en el niño con Alto Riesgo Perinatológico. Se sugiere que los trastornos que se registran en 74 NARP puede obedecer a una alteración eléctrica cerebral por la frecuencia con estos niños presen tan posteriormente episodios convulsivos y por la respuesta de algunos de ellos a las drogas anticonvulsivantes. También se sugiere una alteración bioquímica, posiblemente en el metabolismo de las monoaminas como lo sugieren otros autores y por la dramática respuesta de algunos niños a la administración de estimulantes corticales. La relación con el riesgo perinatológico es aparentemente tan obvia en nuestra serie que sugiere una relación causa-efecto en los Trastornos del Sueño.
Editorial
Authors: De Obstetricia y Ginecología Federación Colombiana
Published: June 2020

Cuantas veces se llegue a pensar en "un esfuerzo inutil" refiriéndose a una organización médica, al ser ésta analizada en sus aspectos económicos y concluir su baja producción de utilidades monetarias que motiven modificaciones radicales en desmedro de sus propios fin es científicos para lo cual fué creada; nos sentimos comprometidos para protestar.
Un programa de salud publica para el niño con alto riesgo perinatal
Authors: Quevedo Caicedo Jaime
Published: June 2020

Existe un consenso general de opinión que la disminución de la mortalidad perinatal ha creado un problema de salud pública, de una magnitud no cuantificada, al permitir que muchos niños sobrevivan a riesgos perinatales que van a causar alteraciones en los procesos sensorio-motrices e intelectuales de estos niños.
Wirtualne formy komunikacji w społeczeństwie informacyjnym. Analiza terminologiczna wybranych pojęć
Authors: Nawrocka Patrycja
Published: June 2020

W artykule dokonano analizy terminologicznej pojęć ukazujących rozwój społeczeństwa informacyjnego, poprzez powstanie społeczności wirtualnej, Web 2.0, bloga i blogosfery. Na podstawie przeglądu wybranej literatury zaprezentowano stanowiska naukowców i badaczy wobec analizowanych pojęć.
Comparison of epidural morphine and buprenorphine for hindlimb orthopaedic surgery in dogs
Authors: Towers Thomas
Published: June 2020

PICO question

In dogs undergoing hindlimb orthopaedic surgery does epidural with local anaesthetic and buprenorphine provide equivalent intra- and postoperative analgesia as epidural with local anaesthetic and morphine?

 

Clinical bottom line

Category of research question

Treatment

The number and type of study designs reviewed

One double-blinded randomised controlled trial

Strength of evidence

Weak

Outcomes reported

Epidural analgesia with buprenorphine and bupivacaine may provide equivalent analgesia to more traditional morphine and bupivacaine epidural injection

Conclusion

There is weak evidence that buprenorphine may provide equivalent analgesia to morphine when combined with bupivacaine epidurally. The reduced regulatory requirements imposed on buprenorphine may sway some clinicians to utilise buprenorphine but further, higher powered, controlled trials are necessary to confirm equivalency

 

How to apply this evidence in practice

The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.

Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.
NOVELTY ARCHITECTURE AND MATHEMATICS IN AN IRANIAN MOSQUE
Authors: Behnamian Sara , Behnamian Saman , Fogh Fatemeh , Pashaei Firooz , Saran Malihe Mahin
Published: June 2020

Islamic architecture, particularly mosques architecture, has mainly been the focus of many architectural exhibitions in Muslim-majority countries. Recently, it has been influenced by novelty architecture and has been evolved into elaborate structures. Quds mosque in Tehran, Iran, is a picturesque architecture feat of a modern outlook that came under a lot of criticism for abandoning the traditional symbols of Islamic architecture. This study observes the Quds mosque from a mathematical standpoint using fractals as the method. Fractals are geometric constructions that exhibit similar or identical characteristics by order of magnitude. Rescaling a prominent architectural pattern is also a noticeable subject that considers Quds mosque from this point of view. This study shows that the Quds mosque used fractal principles; self-similarity and congruency. Those are applied in the roof form by using a triangle form on each side.
Young Children’s Ideas About Astronomy
Authors: Callanan Maureen , Shirefley Tess , Castaneda Claudia L. , Jipson Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Young children express interest and understanding about science topics through everyday conversations with parents. Little is known about how much interest preschool-aged children show in astronomy. Using a diary report methodology, we asked parents in three communities in coastal California to keep track of conversations with their three to five-year-old children about nature. The communities varied in demographics, including one community with predominantly European-American families, one community with predominantly Latinx families, and one community with families from a variety of backgrounds. Overall, young children showed interest in astronomy through initiation and engagement in conversations about a variety of astronomical objects and events; this was consistent across gender, age, and community. Across all three communities, conversations about astronomy accounted for approximately 15% of the conversations about nature, ranking in the top three most frequent topics for each group. Children initiated the vast majority of conversations with their parents, including those about astronomy. Within astronomy, children were most interested in the sun, moon, stars, and day or night sky. Thus, while science educators may see astronomy as too complex for young children, children observe and comment on astronomical phenomena as part of their everyday life. Finding ways to support educators and parents in talking with children about these observations may productively build on this early astronomy interest and position children for greater understanding and engagement in this domain.
Yes, Your Methods Section is Boring, But Critically Important
Authors: Slater Timothy F.
Published: June 2020

When judging how important and influential a published article is in a refereed journal, the most important thing one might pay attention to is the evidence-based conclusion and the implications of that conclusion (Slater, 2019). At the same time, another way to judge an article’s influence is by looking at how frequently the article is cited, using a tool such as scholar.google.com: The caveat to high citation numbers being a great measure of importance and value is that sometimes a published paper is highly cited simply because its conclusions are incorrect and many authors are capitalizing on the opportunity to correct its mistaken message (Slater, 2018a). A third important component to a great paper is how well the research is situated in the existing literature landscape - the compulsory literature review. The best papers clearly specify the research question’s space by stating what is known, what is not known, and why the paper in question fills an important gap in the scholarly community’s understanding (Slater, 2018a). What is missing in the most common list of criteria for greatness - conclusions, citations, and situation in the existing literature - is an acknowledgement of the critical importance of the methods section.
The effects of some biofertilizers on yield, chlorophyll index and sugar content in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera L.)
Authors: ÇINAR Volkan Mehmet , ÜNAY Aydın
Published: June 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to investigate the effects of commercial bio-fertilizers such as BM-Root-Pan, BM-Megaflu and BM-Coton-Plus on the yield, quality and chlorophyll content of sugar beet. Material and Methods: The experiment was carried out in Karapınar-Konya in the 2017 sugar beet growing season. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Bio-fertilizers were applied to soil twice at the stage of BBCH 16-19 and BBCH 35. Results: The differences among control, BM-Root-Pan, BM-Megaflu and BM-Coton-Plus for root weight, root length, root diameter, per plant sugar yield and root yield were significant. The highest root weight, root length, root diameter and per plant sugar yield recorded in BM-Megaflu with Bacillus megaterium, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Conclusion: Bio-fertilizers containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria had capable of increasing sugar beet yield.
Lien entre type génétique et résistance des ovins à la Tremblante : une approche structurale et physico-chimique
Authors: REZAEI H. , GROSCLAUDE J. , EGHIAIAN F. , HAERTLE T. , MARDEN M. , KNOSSOW M. , DEBEY P.
Published: June 2020

Le polymorphisme génétique de la protéine prion ovine associé à des degrés divers de résistance ou de sensibilité à la tremblante ouvre une voie féconde pour comprendre le lien entre les propriétés structurales de la protéine et le mécanisme du développement de la pathologie. Les travaux menés par les équipes de l’INRA, en collaboration avec d’autres équipes nationales, ont apporté des renseignements inattendus sur la stabilité et la convertibilité des variants naturellement rencontrés dans les troupeaux européens. Les mécanismes, au niveau atomique, sous-tendant ces caractéristiques ont pu être explicités par la détermination cristallographique de la structure tri-dimensionnelle de la protéine ovine, apportant en même temps une première information expérimentale sur la structure de la protéine pathologique. Des formes intermédiaires de repliement, sous forme d’oligomères solubles, ont pu être isolées in vitro, et se sont révélées neurotoxiques, ouvrant de nouvelles pistes de recherche vers les déterminants respectifs de la mort neuronale et de la réplication du prion.
Chapitre 3 : Lutte contre les EST animales. Les moyens mis en oeuvre
Authors: DUCROT C.
Published: June 2020

Les connaissances acquises sur les ESST au cours des années passées ouvrent des perspectives dans la lutte contre ces maladies, tant pour soigner les malades atteints de la Maladie de Creutzfeldt-Jakob que pour maîtriser et prévenir les risques liés à ces agents pour la population humaine et les espèces animales.La question du diagnostic des ESST animales au laboratoire est discutée dans l’article de Lantier et al., ainsi que les développements en cours pour permettre le diagnostic avant la mort et la distinction des souches d’ESST les unes des autres avec des outils biochimiques.
L’article de Barillet et al. donne une vue d’ensemble des travaux conduits depuis dix ans pour maîtriser voire éradiquer la tremblante dans la population ovine, en jouant sur la résistance génétique des ovins aux ESST conférée par le polymorphisme du gène PrP dans cette espèce. Il introduit aussi le programme national de lutte qui en a découlé et ses premiers résultats.
L’article de Picard-Hagen et al. présente une étude clinique conduite sur une molécule à visée thérapeutique, et discute la méthode d’approche qui devrait être poursuivie pour ne tester sur des patients que les molécules pour lesquelles la concentration active anti- prion peut être obtenue dans les tissus cibles de la protéine prion pathogène, à des posologies non toxiques pour l’individu.
Enfin, deux articles abordent la question cruciale de la destruction des farines animales à risque. La question posée est de savoir si on peut envisager une valorisation et une décontamination de ces sous-produits qui ne sont plus autorisés dans l’alimentation animale, avec des procédés simples et économiques, autrement qu’en les détruisant à un coût énergétique non négligeable. L’article de Tsiroulnikov et al. aborde la question par l’utilisation de microorganismes capables de se développer sur de tels substrats et détruire la protéine prion. L’article de Mouloungui et al. est pour sa part basé sur la valorisation des fractions lipidique et protéique des farines animales, respectivement pour la fabrication de biolubrifiants et additifs biocarburants, et de matériaux polymères.
Le programme français d’éradication de la tremblante du cheptel ovin fondé sur l’utilisation de la génétique
Authors: BARILLET F. , PALHIERE I. , ASTRUC J.M. , BROCHARD M. , BAELDEN M. , AGUERRE X. , FIDELLE F. , ARRANZ J.M. , BELLOC J.P. , BRIOIS M. , FREGEAT G. , SOULAS C. , ANDREOLETTI O. , CORBIERE F. , SCHELCHER F.
Published: June 2020

Les travaux conduits en ovins laitiers dès 1993 dans des élevages ovins atteints de tremblante ont permis de connaître la fréquence des allèles sensibles du gène PrP selon les races considérées, vérifier le risque accru de tremblante pour ces génotypes, et tester la faisabilité d’une sélection sur le gène PrP et son efficacité sur le risque de tremblante dans les troupeaux. Ils ont ainsi contribué à l’émergence de l’outil génétique pour éradiquer la tremblante dans les élevages atteints. Depuis 2002, le programme d’éradication de la tremblante mis en place en France par le Ministère de l’Agriculture, est fondé sur le génotypage du gène PrP : il vise à éradiquer à court et moyen terme la tremblante dans les élevages atteints, tout en renforçant la résistance génétique à moyen et long terme de l’ensemble du cheptel national, compte tenu des délais de renouvellement des cheptels femelles. Avoir choisi d’asseoir le programme national de sélection sur le dispositif existant d’amélioration génétique du cheptel national, organisé dans le cadre de la loi de l’Elevage de 1966, est manifestement un point clé pour expliquer la mise en oeuvre rapide et efficace du programme dès la première année, confirmant la mobilisation massive de tous les maîtres d’oeuvre des schémas de sélection des ovins en France : les évolutions conjointes constatées pour les fréquences alléliques en faveur de l’allèle ARR, les index de sélection pour les caractères de production et les indicateurs de gestion de la variabilité génétique sont une bonne illustration de l’application des objectifs assignés aux programmes de sélection. L’encadrement national, conduit par l’INRA, l’Institut de l’Elevage et France UPRa Sélection (Unité de Promotion et de sélection de Race), s’attachera, dans les prochaines années, à vérifier et à aider à la mise en oeuvre des quatre objectifs du programme national de sélection, en particulier la fourniture de reproducteurs résistants pour les élevages atteints, la gestion de la variabilité génétique dans les noyaux de sélection et la diffusion vers les élevages de production. Ce programme repose sur les points clés d’universalité de la résistance génétique à la tremblante en situation de contamination naturelle et d’absence de porteurs sains, qu’il faudra en permanence continuer de valider.
The effect of ultrasound on brewing yeast
Authors: Kaluzhina O. Y. , Yakovleva K. S. , Kashapova R. A. , Chernenkov E. N. , Chernenkova A. A. , Bodrov A. Y.
Published: June 2020

An important task of beer production is to increase the physiological activity of yeast to intensify the fermentation process. Dry top-fermented brewer's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fermentis, Safale T-58, France were selected for the investigation. The method of activation of brewer's yeast by ultrasound with a vibration frequency of 44 kHz was studied in the work. Ultrasonic technologies can dramatically intensify the process and improve the finished products quality. The studies were carried out in the laboratory of the Bashkir State Agrarian University on the ultrasonic processing device VGT-800. A yeast suspension was prepared for the study. It was placed in the ultrasonic device and subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a vibration frequency of 44 kHz. During exposure, the temperature was measured every minute from 1 to 20, and 25, 30, 35 min, and the yeast cells survival by the dead cells percentage was studied. It was found out that under the influence of ultrasound, heating of the medium at 1 ° C for 1 min takes place, and the medium reaches the temperature of 57 ° C by the 40th min of treatment. The percentage of dead cells in the treated medium was also studied. At the same time, a pure culture was selected from each sample by plating on wort agar for further research on the safety of acquired properties. Ultrasound-treated yeast served as inoculum at the fermentation stage of beer wort. Fermentation was carried out at a temperature of 22 ° C. Morphological characteristics of yeast were monitored during fermentation: the total number of cells, the number of budding cells, cells with glycogen. When fermenting beer wort, the fermentation activity increased by 36% in experiment 2 during the treatment of sowing yeast with ultrasound for 2 min. The remaining samples differed slightly from the control during the first 72 hours of fermentation and lost their fermentation activity after 80 hours of fermentation. The physicochemical parameters of the finished beer samples were studied on the "Kolos-2" device.
Innovative ways to process poultry waste
Authors: Popov V. N. , Korneeva O. S. , Iskusnykh O. Y. , Iskusnykh A. Y.
Published: June 2020

This paper provides an overview of methods for processing and recycling chicken droppings. Poultry farms are a source of litter formation in an amount much larger than the main products. The litter contains up to 80% organic matter, many trace elements, all essential amino acids, growth regulators, vitamins, nitrogen and phosphorus. According to the Federal waste catalog, fresh chicken droppings belong to the 3rd hazard class. Fresh dung contains a significant amount of weed seeds, helminth eggs and pathogenic microorganisms. Dung is a source of toxic gases-ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, carbon monoxide. Without recycling, manure becomes a source of environmental pollution. Disposal of chicken droppings is a difficult issue for many farms. Modern trends in the processing and use of poultry manure: 1) direct application to the soil without additional treatment, 2) Processing by passive and active composting, 3) Vermicomposting, 4) Processing with the help of housefly larvae, 5) Dehydration and drying (mechanical, thermal, vacuum), 6) Pyrolysis at t = 450-550 °C, 7) Plasma gasification, 8) thermal depolymerization Technology, 9) Direct combustion in steam and hot water boilers, 10) Microbiological conversion, 11) anaerobic digestion in Methane tanks with the formation of biogas, 12) Dung as a component of compound feed for cattle. The considered technologies of utilization of bird droppings do not fully contribute to the preservation of the environment and production. At the present stage, the industry needs an environmentally friendly and cost-effective biotechnology for processing manure, which makes it possible to turn organic waste into valuable raw materials for obtaining feed, fuels, fertilizers, and substrates for the chemical and microbiological industries. The future of waste management is in nature-like technologies, because in nature, all the necessary processing mechanisms are already in place.
The use of the phosphor of phosphogypsum as a filler for fluorescent polymers
Authors: Medvedev R. P. , Podkovyrina Y. S. , Skorynina A. A.
Published: June 2020

In modern Russia and the CIS countries, phosphogypsum waste is an urgent environmental problem. This product is obtained in the production of phosphoric acid and is a large tonnage of low-recyclable waste. According to open sources, it is processed 20 times less than it is produced. Attempts to use it in cement production, in construction, in agricultural purposes do not lead to a cardinal fracture and it is still accumulating. In this regard, the topic of processing and use of phosphogypsum is an urgent topic. In the modern world there is a demand for bright luminescent colors, paints, consumer goods. An analysis of the literature showed that phosphors can be made from various chemicals, including metal sulfides. The purpose of the work is to study the possibility of obtaining a phosphor from phosphogypsum and its use as a filler-pigment for polymer products. The phosphor was obtained from phosphogypsum by the reduction of phosphogypsum with an organic substance. This phosphor was studied in polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and other polymer matrices. It is shown to be compatible with polyolefins, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, nitrocellulose matrices; not compatible with epoxy matrices. It is shown that at the melting temperature of polymers this phosphor does not decompose, does not lose its properties. As a result of the work, conclusions were drawn about the possibility of obtaining a cheap phosphor filler, which is compatible with many industrial polymers. This phosphor can be used in toys, in the manufacture of special luminescent paint and consumer goods..
The main conceptual directions of the formation and development of the agrarian structure in the Central Black Earth macro-region
Authors: Pechenevsky V. F. , Snegirev O. I.
Published: June 2020

The growth of modern systemic challenges in the context of globalization and integration processes leads to the creation of an effective regional agrarian structure, as one of the most pressing problems of scientific research in economic and social forecasting. The formation of an effective modern agrarian structure and the prospects for its long-term development will largely be determined by state policy, the institution of selective structural support for the state. The agrarian policy of the state to improve the institutional agrarian structure in the region on the basis of foreign and domestic experience should: - contribute to the growth in the number of family peasant farms in all sub-sectors of agriculture in all territories of the region; - create favorable economic conditions that stimulate the economy to create consumer (service) cooperatives of various specializations; - to economically stimulate large agro-industrial formations to interact with small forms of agribusiness. The conceptual directions and mechanisms of the long-term development of the agrarian structure in the Central Chernozem Region are defined, which include goals, stages, principles and objectives of the long-term development of the agrarian structure in the region, legal regulation, financial support, innovative development, the development of markets for agricultural products measures to implement the concept.
E-marketing as a tool for promoting towns
Authors: Bukova A. A. , Zazykina L. A.
Published: June 2020

Small towns are gradually integrating into the Russian socio-economic system and are forced to increasingly participate in the competition for offering quality living conditions for citizens, attracting investments and the necessary workforce. Priority of the marketing concept in choosing approaches for the development of small cities was determined. In achieving the goals pursued by the marketing of a small city, an important role belongs to entrepreneurship as a catalyst for the economic activity of this subject. It should be borne in mind that a developing small business does not compensate for what was lost as a result of market transformations of past decades in cities that have lost the functions of enterprises of a city-forming base or transport and logistics centers, if it does not apply all the possibilities of modern marketing methods and tools. Traditional approaches to doing business in these conditions cannot fundamentally solve the problems of reviving the economy of a small city and require changes. The development of such forms of business as electronic marketing may be an opportunity to enter new markets and reduce tension in the labor market. The development of small towns requires special procedures: improving the image of the administrative-territorial formation and increasing competitiveness with the help of marketing tools and technologies. The use of electronic marketing is changing the entire business environment of a small city. As a result, the investment climate rises and the welfare of the subject increases. Electronic marketing adds factors such as round-the-clock availability, completeness of information and the presence of feedback (in the form of feedbacks), interactivity, instant reaction and constant updates, as well as other advantages of the virtual environment in the real process of promoting the territory.
Mechanism for improving the efficiency and quality of public services
Authors: Tkachenko D. V.
Published: June 2020

This article discusses one of the mechanisms for improving the quality of public services, such as the development of personnel in this area. The search for a solution to the problem of developing the human resources potential of the public services sector is necessary in order to achieve a high level of public satisfaction with the quality of public services. For the studied sphere of public services, this paper describes the procedure for preparing a matrix of developmental actions for the development of human resources competencies. in particular, the ten most important competencies for the success of the employee's work are identified. The factors that most motivate employees to work in the organization with full dedication and strive for self-improvement are identified. The methods of developing staff competencies that are most applicable to staff in the field under study are highlighted, and the advantages and limitations of using a specific method are presented. The result of this work was directly drawing up a matrix of developmental actions for the development of human resources competencies. The action of the matrix is aimed at building an effective process of developing staff competencies. The matrix contains specific actions and activities aimed at developing the competencies of the personnel potential of the public services sector. The benefits that an employee can get by following the recommendations presented in the matrix of developing actions for the development of human resources competencies are presented. Conclusions about the usefulness of measures for personnel development for managers of organizations, as it affects the image of the organization, the microclimate in the organization, ability to achieve the goals of the enterprise, maintaining a highly efficient employees, the efficiency of the policy in the sphere of development of the resource potential of the public services.
Optimization of the process of mixing liquid-phase heterogeneous products by mathematical modeling
Authors: Emelyanov A. B. , Kopylov M. V. , Kazartsev D. A. , Abrahamyan M. K. , Nechaev M. V.
Published: June 2020

The main objective of the experimental study of all processes is the analysis, study and generalization of all available results. In accordance with the idea of a step search, the experiment was carried out in several stages. The number of stages and actions at each of them depended on the results of the previous stage and the ultimate goal of research. The ultimate goal of the study is to determine the optimal conditions for the process of mixing the liquid aggregates to obtain a homogeneous structure. Studies of the mixing process were carried out on an experimental setup created at the department. To process experimental studies, the STATISTICA 12 software package was used. To obtain the regression equation, the matrix data were processed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 software package. To optimize the process, the output parameters were converted to a dimensionless scale of desirability d. It was established that the desirability function D, which characterizes the adequacy of the obtained values, has an extremum in experiment 12 and is 0.733666. Based on the obtained data, the following parameters should be considered optimal when mixing liquid aggregates: the peripheral speed of the mixer shaft is within 4 m/s, while the mixing time is 8 s and the refrigerant concentration is 20%.
Investigation of the migration of the least heating zone of clarified apple juice during heat treatment
Authors: Kondratenko V. V. , Kanevskiy B. L. , Pokudina G. P. , Borchenkova L. A. , Senkevich V. I.
Published: June 2020

When developing modes of food products thermal sterilization, it is necessary to determine the conditions for microorganisms test cultures and their spores guaranteed death in the least heating zone. The location of this zone is a critical parameter in thermal processes. At present, there are conflicting ideas about the localization and possible migration of the zone of least heating in the process of thermal sterilization of products with convective heat transfer. The kinetics of localization of the zone of least heating in the medium volume with convective heat transfer during heat treatment in conjunction with rheological properties was studied in the work. The clarified apple juice for baby food of domestic production was used as the object of study. The probe was placed so that the thermocouple was located on the vertical axis of the can at a geometric height of 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 mm. At each height value of the thermocouple, the jar with the sample was thermostated for 20 minutes, and then quickly cooled for 10 minutes. Heating was carried out at a thermostat temperature of 75, 80, 85, 90, and 95°C. The dynamics of rheological properties under isothermal conditions at temperatures of 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60°C and a range of shear rates from 0 to 700 s – 1 were also studied in the samples. As a result of the studies carried out, the presence of the migration of the zone of least heating during the heat treatment of single-phase media with convective heat transfer was determined experimentally, its kinetics was studied, the non-linear and reversible nature of the migration of the zone of least heating was established. The mechanism of the process of migration of the zone of least heating was proposed taking into account the dynamics of the rheology of the heated medium and the convective flows interaction.