bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Social Campaigns Aimed at Reducing Alcohol Consumption: the Case of Poland
Authors: Hernik Joanna , Lascu Dana Nicoleta
Published: October 2015

Poland is currently grappling with a challenging situation: as salaries are increasing and more consumers can afford to purchase alcohol, alcoholic consumption in Poland is among the highest in the European Union. Specifically, the market for vodka alone currently stands at $347 million, and beer at $465.2 million (www.money.pl 2011). In response to these developments, the Polish government has levied high taxes on alcohol consumption and enacted some of the most stringent advertising laws for alcoholic products in the European Union. It also launched nine national advertising campaigns and a local campaign in the West-Pomeranian region and increased the excise tax on alcohol. The current study attempts to shed light on the campaigns and to offer insights into the different themes that the campaigns use to persuade consumers to limit their alcohol consumption and to act responsibly when consuming alcohol and to offer actionable solutions to change the alcohol-related consumption behavior in Poland through warning labels, health education, and other attempts at demarketing alcohol consumption. The paper also examines alternative venues that might lead to a change in the alcohol-related consumption behavior for Polish consumers, which may include instituting warning labels and other counteradvertising to educate the public with regard to alcohol-related risks, and thus curb the overall alcohol consumption and related negative outcomes for the Polish consumers.
Vitamin supplementation and nutrition during pregnancy and breastfeeding
Authors: Wyness Laura
Published: October 2015

A healthy diet around pregnancy and breastfeeding, which provides adequate nutrients for the mother and her developing baby, is important to ensure optimal health for both. Suboptimal nutrient intakes—or intakes that are too high—can have a detrimental impact on the mother and her infant in both the short and long term. Even with a healthy diet, supplementation of some vitamins is recommended to meet requirements. This article discusses key vitamins required around the time of pregnancy and during breastfeeding—folate and vitamins A, B and D—exploring how adequate intake can be ensured.
Supporting the individual needs of obese pregnant women: Effects of risk-management processes
Authors: Ahluwalia Michele
Published: October 2015

Obesity is the UK's most prevalent antenatal comorbidity, and reducing rates of maternal obesity and risk management of complications in pregnancy and labour is a priority for the NHS. The emphasis on managing maternal obesity-related risks, rather than dealing with the causes of long-term obesity, is short-sighted and fails to consider the needs of the individual woman. This process of risk management is fuelled by the maternity services' costly litigation insurance that presents measures to manage obesity-related risks, leading to bureaucratic shaping of maternity services. This limits the choices for this group of women by standardising care rather than facilitating their individual needs. This article explores an alternative long-term strategy called Pregnancy Plus that facilitates the management of risk alongside supporting the needs of individual obese pregnant women, offering choice and equal access to maternity services while maintaining the safety of the women and their babies. Pregnancy Plus is an award-winning multi-intervention health education and weight maintenance programme that has presented promising outcomes to date. It utilises a salutogenic approach to health education and care-planning for obese pregnant women and adopts the principles of the US Institute of Medicine guidelines for the maintenance of gestational weight-gain in obese women.
Homebirth in England: Factors that impact on job satisfaction for community midwives
Authors: Common Lisa
Published: October 2015

This study explored the uptake of homebirth by healthy pregnant women from the perspective of community midwives (CMs). This paper presents factors that CMs expressed contributed to and/or detracted from their job satisfaction. Interviews were conducted with four practising CMs who were employed by a large acute NHS Trust in England providing a non-continuity model of care. Data were analysed thematically and are presented in two categories: (1) continuity of care and (2) working relationships and workloads. Findings suggest that if maternity service providers attended to factors that enhanced the job satisfaction of CMs inclined to support homebirth, this may contribute to increasing its uptake by pregnant women.
Perinatal deaths of migrant mothers: Adverse outcomes from unrecognised risks and substandard care factors
Authors: Cross-Sudworth Fiona , Williams Mandy , Gardosi Jason
Published: October 2015

Migrant mothers have a high rate of perinatal mortality. We set out to investigate the reasons through a confidential enquiry of babies born to mothers who were themselves born outside of the UK. The cohort consisted of 36 perinatal deaths from three large hospitals in the West Midlands, including 30 stillbirths and six early neonatal deaths from 34 weeks' gestation, with 18 normally formed babies and 18 with congenital anomalies. The case notes were anonymised and reviewed by independent multi-professional panels to assess standard care factors and avoidability of outcome. Of the normally formed babies, nine (50%) deaths were considered potentially avoidable. The majority of cases had one or more medical (78%) or social (81%) risk factors, most of which were not identified by care providers during pregnancy. Key substandard care themes included poor translation services, inadequate information-sharing with mothers and within the multi-disciplinary team, inappropriate management planning as well as an ad hoc approach to social care and support. In addition, the majority of the perinatal deaths had not been reviewed in the Trust where they had occurred. We conclude that many migrant mothers have medical and social risks that are currently not recognised or acted on, which can result in perinatal deaths that are potentially avoidable. Good risk assessment and communication with the mother as well as within the multidisciplinary team underpins high-quality and safe delivery of maternity care.
Expanding the service: Goodwin Trust volunteer doula project
Authors: Hamilton Dianne , Foster David
Published: October 2015

Ten years ago, two midwives established a project to recruit, train and support volunteer doulas in Hull, to address a need for additional support for vulnerable women. Dianne Hamilton and David Foster reflect on the success and achievements of the project, and iscuss how its model of collaborative working may be applicable across the country.
Ultimate Clinical Placement Buddy
Authors: Sporek Paulina Ewa
Published: October 2015

Student midwife, Paulina Sporek has designed a specialised notebook to help student midwives get the most out of their clinical placement experience.
A longitudinal study of MARS MRI scanning of soft-tissue lesions around metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasties and disease progression
Authors: Briant-Evans T. W. , Lyle N. , Barbur S. , Hauptfleisch J. , Amess R. , Pearce A. R. , Conn K. S. , Stranks G. J. , Britton J. M.
Published: October 2015

We investigated the changes seen on serial metal artefact reduction magnetic resonance imaging scans (MARS-MRI) of metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasties (MoM THAs). In total 155 THAs, in 35 male and 100 female patients (mean age 70.4 years, 42 to 91), underwent at least two MRI scans at a mean interval of 14.6 months (2.6 to 57.1), at a mean of 48.2 months (3.5 to 93.3) after primary hip surgery. Scans were graded using a modification of the Oxford classification. Progression of disease was defined as an increase in grade or a minimum 10% increase in fluid lesion volume at second scan. A total of 16 hips (30%) initially classified as ‘normal’ developed an abnormality on the second scan. Of those with ‘isolated trochanteric fluid’ 9 (47%) underwent disease progression, as did 7 (58%) of ‘effusions’. A total of 54 (77%) of hips initially classified as showing adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD) progressed, with higher rates of progression in higher grades. Disease progression was associated with high blood cobalt levels or an irregular pseudocapsule lining at the initial scan. There was no association with changes in functional scores. Adverse reactions to metal debris in MoM THAs may not be as benign as previous reports have suggested. Close radiological follow-up is recommended, particularly in high-risk groups.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1328–37.
The radiological assessment of pelvic obliquity in cerebral palsy and the impact on hip development
Authors: Heidt C. , Hollander K. , Wawrzuta J. , Molesworth C. , Willoughby K. , Thomason P. , Khot A. , Graham H. K.
Published: October 2015

Pelvic obliquity is a common finding in adolescents with cerebral palsy, however, there is little agreement on its measurement or relationship with hip development at different gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) levels.

The purpose of this investigation was to study these issues in a large, population-based cohort of adolescents with cerebral palsy at transition into adult services.

The cohort were a subset of a three year birth cohort (n = 98, 65M: 33F, with a mean age of 18.8 years (14.8 to 23.63) at their last radiological review) with the common features of a migration percentage greater than 30% and a history of adductor release surgery.

Different radiological methods of measuring pelvic obliquity were investigated in 40 patients and the angle between the acetabular tear drops (ITDL) and the horizontal reference frame of the radiograph was found to be reliable, with good face validity. This was selected for further study in all 98 patients.

The median pelvic obliquity was 4° (interquartile range 2° to 8°). There was a strong correlation between hip morphology and the presence of pelvic obliquity (effect of ITDL on Sharpe’s angle in the higher hip; rho 7.20 (5% confidence interval 5.59 to 8.81, p < 0.001). This was particularly true in non-ambulant adolescents (GMFCS IV and V) with severe pelvic obliquity, but was also easily detectable and clinically relevant in ambulant adolescents with mild pelvic obliquity.

The identification of pelvic obliquity and its management deserves closer scrutiny in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1435–40.
Hexapod external fixator closed distraction in the management of stiff hypertrophic tibial nonunions
Authors: Ferreira N. , Marais L. C. , Aldous C.
Published: October 2015

Tibial nonunion represents a spectrum of conditions which are challenging to treat, and optimal management remains unclear despite its high rate of incidence. We present 44 consecutive patients with 46 stiff tibial nonunions, treated with hexapod external fixators and distraction to achieve union and gradual deformity correction. There were 31 men and 13 women with a mean age of 35 years (18 to 68) and a mean follow-up of 12 months (6 to 40). No tibial osteotomies or bone graft procedures were performed. Bony union was achieved after the initial surgery in 41 (89.1%) tibias. Four persistent nonunions united after repeat treatment with closed hexapod distraction, resulting in bony union in 45 (97.8%) patients. The mean time to union was 23 weeks (11 to 49). Leg-length was restored to within 1 cm of the contralateral side in all tibias. Mechanical alignment was restored to within 5° of normal in 42 (91.3%) tibias. Closed distraction of stiff tibial nonunions can predictably lead to union without further surgery or bone graft. In addition to generating the required distraction to achieve union, hexapod circular external fixators can accurately correct concurrent deformities and limb-length discrepancies.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1417–22.
Combined local and systemic antibiotic delivery improves eradication of wound contamination
Authors: Rand B. C. C. , Penn-Barwell J. G. , Wenke J. C.
Published: October 2015

Systemic antibiotics reduce infection in open fractures. Local delivery of antibiotics can provide higher doses to wounds without toxic systemic effects. This study investigated the effect on infection of combining systemic with local antibiotics via polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads or gel delivery.

An established Staphylococcus aureus contaminated fracture model in rats was used. Wounds were debrided and irrigated six hours after contamination and animals assigned to one of three groups, all of which received systemic antibiotics. One group had local delivery via antibiotic gel, another PMMA beads and the control group received no local antibiotics. After two weeks, bacterial levels were quantified.

Combined local and systemic antibiotics were superior to systemic antibiotics alone at reducing the quantity of bacteria recoverable from each group (p = 0.002 for gel; p = 0.032 for beads). There was no difference in the bacterial counts between bead and gel delivery (p = 0.62).

These results suggest that local antibiotics augment the antimicrobial effect of systemic antibiotics. Although no significant difference was found between vehicles, gel delivery offers technical advantages with its biodegradable nature, ability to conform to wound shape and to deliver increased doses. Further study is required to see if the gel delivery system has a clinical role.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1423–7.
Outcome of lumbar spinal fusion surgery in obese patients
Authors: Lingutla K. K. , Pollock R. , Benomran E. , Purushothaman B. , Kasis A. , Bhatia C. K. , Krishna M. , Friesem T.
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study was to determine whether obesity affects pain, surgical and functional outcomes following lumbar spinal fusion for low back pain (LBP).

A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was made of those studies that compared the outcome of lumbar spinal fusion for LBP in obese and non-obese patients. A total of 17 studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was no difference in the pain and functional outcomes. Lumbar spinal fusion in the obese patient resulted in a statistically significantly greater intra-operative blood loss (weighted mean difference: 54.04 ml; 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.08 to 93.00; n = 112; p = 0.007) more complications (odds ratio: 1.91; 95% CI 1.68 to 2.18; n = 43858; p < 0.001) and longer duration of surgery (25.75 mins; 95% CI 15.61 to 35.90; n = 258; p < 0.001). Obese patients have greater intra-operative blood loss, more complications and longer duration of surgery but pain and functional outcome are similar to non-obese patients. Based on these results, obesity is not a contraindication to lumbar spinal fusion.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1395–1404.
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Murray D. W. , Liddle A. D. , Dodd C. A. F. , Pandit H.
Published: October 2015

There is a large amount of evidence available about the relative merits of unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty (UKA and TKA). Based on the same evidence, different people draw different conclusions and as a result, there is great variability in the usage of UKA.

The revision rate of UKA is much higher than TKA and so some surgeons conclude that UKA should not be performed. Other surgeons believe that the main reason for the high revision rate is that UKA is easy to revise and, therefore, the threshold for revision is low. They also believe that UKA has many advantages over TKA such as a faster recovery, lower morbidity and mortality and better function. They therefore conclude that UKA should be undertaken whenever appropriate.

The solution to this argument is to minimise the revision rate of UKA, thereby addressing the main disadvantage of UKA. The evidence suggests that this will be achieved if surgeons use UKA for at least 20% of their knee arthroplasties and use implants that are appropriate for these broad indications.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B(10 Suppl A):3–8.
Hypnosis in modern dentistry: Challenging misconceptions
Authors: Allison Nicola
Published: October 2015

The world of hypnotism carries with it many misconceptions. The term ‘hypnosis’ is often associated with magician types, swinging pendulums, deep sleeps and stage performance. Many are unaware that the art of hypnosis carries great therapeutic benefits in the medical, psychological and dental fields. This review provides an insight into the history and development of hypnosis as a therapy, and explores its applications in support of hypnotherapy as a powerful tool in the modern dentist’s armamentarium.
Quality-assured dentistry
Authors: Knott Nigel
Published: October 2015

A problem situation in life that seems to pass unnoticed is commonly referred to as an ‘elephant in the room’. Occasionally, the problem is so obvious that it is difficult to understand why nothing has been done about it. Perhaps its complexity and magnitude acts as a barrier to understanding its implication and effects.
Is instant messaging the future of workplace communication for oral and maxillofacial surgery?
Authors: Linares Cristina Verea , Breeze Johno
Published: October 2015

Mobile telephone texts are the primary method of communication among junior doctors, superseding phone calls and bleeps. However, instant messaging is now one of the most common methods of social communication worldwide, and will likely supersede texting in the near future – but concerns over its security suggest further research is urgently required into the content of such communications, if it is to transmit patient specific information.
Managing oral potentially malignant disorders:A question of risk
Authors: Thomson Peter
Published: October 2015

The concept of an oral disease process that presents as a ‘potentially malignant state’ that is neither entirely benign nor frankly malignant is a difficult concept both for clinicians and their affected patients. While it is recognised that a range of oral mucosal conditions, now collectively termed ‘potentially malignant disorders’, harbour an increased risk of squamous carcinoma, we remain frustratingly unable in contemporary clinical practice to predict individual lesion behaviour, quantify the risk of malignant transformation or objectively plan interventions.
Key Steps Influencing the Formation of Aluminosilicate Nanotubes by the Fluoride Route
Authors: Chemmi Atika , Brendle Jocelyne , Marichal Claire , Lebeau Benedicte
Published: October 2015

Imogolite is usually formed by means of a three-step process involving the use of large amounts of water with long crystallization times and low yields, preventing large-scale synthesis. These drawbacks can be overcome by synthesis in the presence of fluoride, an approach which has been demonstrated to be suitable for the synthesis of other phyllosilicates. In the present study, the nature of the Al and Si sources, the Al/Si molar ratio, the volume of H2O for the redispersion of the gel after desalination, the F/Si molar ratio, as well as the crystallization temperature and time have been varied to investigate their role in the crystallization of imogolite. The structural properties of the as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and 29Si, 27Al, and 19F magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that the imogolite nanotubes can be prepared with high yields (>55%) from AlCl3·6H2O and Na4SiO4 aqueous solutions with an Al/Si molar ratio of 2.5, addition of HF for a F/Si molar ratio of 0.1–0.2, and 4 days of crystallization at 98°C.
Clonotypic Light Chain Peptides Identified for Monitoring Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma without Bone Marrow Aspiration
Authors: Bergen H Robert , Dasari Surendra , Dispenzieri Angela , Mills John R , Ramirez-Alvarado Marina , Tschumper Renee C , Jelinek Diane F , Barnidge David R , Murray David L
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

Analytically sensitive techniques for measuring minimal residual disease (MRD) in multiple myeloma (MM) currently require invasive and costly bone marrow aspiration. These methods include immunohistochemistry (IHC), flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and next-generation sequencing. An ideal MM MRD test would be a serum-based test sensitive enough to detect low concentrations of Ig secreted from multifocal lesions.

METHODS

Patient serum with abundant M-protein before treatment was separated on a 1-dimensional SDS-PAGE gel, and the Ig light-chain (LC) band was excised, trypsin digested, and analyzed on a Q Exactive mass spectrometer by LC-MS/MS. We used the peptide's abundance and sequence to identify tryptic peptides that mapped to complementary determining regions of Ig LCs. The clonotypic target tryptic peptides were used to monitor MRD in subsequent serum samples with prior affinity enrichment.

RESULTS

Sixty-two patients were tested, 20 with no detectable disease by IHC and 42 with no detectable disease by 6-color flow cytometry. A target peptide that could be monitored was identified in 57 patients (91%). Of these 57, detectable disease by LC-MS/MS was found in 52 (91%).

CONCLUSIONS

The ability to use LC-MS/MS to measure disease in patients who are negative by bone marrow–based methodologies indicates that a serum-based approach has more analytical sensitivity and may be useful for measuring deeper responses to MM treatment. The method requires no bone marrow aspiration.
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Characterizing the Metabolism of Synthetic Cannabinoid THJ-018 and Its 5-Fluoro Analog THJ-2201 after Incubation in Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Diao Xingxing , Wohlfarth Ariane , Pang Shaokun , Scheidweiler Karl B , Huestis Marilyn A
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

Despite increasing prevalence of novel psychoactive substances, no human metabolism data are currently available, complicating laboratory documentation of intake in urine samples and assessment of the drugs' pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological properties. In 2014, THJ-018 and THJ-2201, synthetic cannabinoid indazole analogs of JWH-018 and AM-2201, were identified, with the National Forensic Laboratory Information System containing 220 THJ-2201 reports. Because of numerous adverse events, the Drug Enforcement Administration listed THJ-2201 as Schedule I in January 2015.

METHODS

We used high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) (TripleTOF 5600+) to identify optimal metabolite markers after incubating 10 μmol/L THJ-018 and THJ-2201 in human hepatocytes for 3 h. Data were acquired via full scan and information-dependent acquisition triggered product ion scans with mass defect filter. In silico metabolite predictions were performed with MetaSite and compared with metabolites identified in human hepatocytes.

RESULTS

Thirteen THJ-018 metabolites were detected, with the major metabolic pathways being hydroxylation on the N-pentyl chain and further oxidation or glucuronidation. For THJ-2201, 27 metabolites were observed, predominantly oxidative defluorination plus subsequent carboxylation or glucuronidation, and glucuronidation of hydroxylated metabolites. Dihydrodiol formation on the naphthalene moiety was observed for both compounds. MetaSite prediction matched well with THJ-018 hepatocyte metabolites but underestimated THJ-2201 oxidative defluorination.

CONCLUSIONS

With HR-MS for data acquisition and processing, we characterized THJ-018 and THJ-2201 metabolism in human hepatocytes and suggest appropriate markers for laboratories to identify THJ-018 and THJ-2201 intake and link observed adverse events to these new synthetic cannabinoids.
Sociability and collective action in a Lisbon workingclass neighbourhood: The social representations of Alcântara in the early twentieth century
Authors: Vidal Frédéric
Published: October 2015

In the second half of the nineteenth century, the peripheral area of Alcântara became one of Lisbon’s most important industrial centres. Its economic development was accompanied by a massive growth in population. As this area became urbanized and industrialized, the representations of the neighbourhood also changed. Within a few decades, Alcântara ceased to be associated with the image of a remote suburb, a place that had no clearly defined boundaries or a space defined solely in terms of its industrial function. This article presents the Alcântara neighbourhood as a case study that helps us understand how collective practices shape new representations of city and urban life. The objective of this article is to analyse the role of a republican voluntary association – the Society for the Promotion of Popular Education (Promotora – Sociedade Promotora de Educação Popular) – in transforming the representations associated with the Alcântara neighbourhood in the early twentieth century. During this period, Promotora helped shape different levels of ‘collective representations’ of Alcântara; it also contributed to the formation of an authentic urban lifestyle at the neighbourhood level, drawing attention to people who represented the local community and speaking on their behalf.
Science and the public: Public participation and the new politics of PUS (II)1
Authors: Entradas Marta
Published: October 2015

This article is the second of a two-part literature review on the evolution of the relationship between science and the public after the second half of the twentieth century. The first part presented a general review on public understanding of science (PUS), PUS measurements and what has motivated a shift from a deficit model to a contextual one. In this second part, we look more closely at the discussion around the role of the public in science and the transformation from the idea that lay people are isolated from science to the idea that the public should participate in policy-making on science and technology issues. In particular, we focus on the debate around who should and should not contribute to decision-making by presenting both the arguments in favour of and against public participation in science policy.
Book Review
Authors: Loi Stefano
Published: October 2015

WAR OF ATTRITION: FIGHTING THE FIRST WORLD WAR, W. PHILPOTT (2014) New York: The Overlook Press, 400 pp., ISBN: 9781468302684, Hardback, $29.95
Influence of temporary cement in the tensile strenght of full crowns cemented with resin cement
Authors: Galazi Daniela Ribon , Brianezzi Leticia Ferreira de Freitas , De Góes Adriana Regina Cruz Grando , Mondelli Rafael Francisco Lia , Ishikiriama Áquira , Ishikiriama Sérgio Kiyoshi
Published: October 2015

This study evaluated the influence of residual eugenol on the tensile strength in the ceromer crowns cementation, using resin cement. Thirty-nine third molars were prepared for a full crown. For each prepared tooth one provisional and one ceromer crown were made. The teeth were divided into three groups according the temporary cement (n=13): GTB: Temp Bond; GTBNE: Temp Bond NE and GDY: Dycal. After temporary cementation, the teeth were kept in distilled water for one week and then submitted to traction test in a universal testing machine (EMIC DL 500), using a 200Kgf load cell at 0.5mm/min speed. After the test, the teeth were cleaned and received the final adhesive cementation of ceromer crowns. Next, the specimens were kept in distilled water (370C) for a week and then the traction test was performed, also at 0,5mm/min. The comparison among groups was carried out by variance analysis (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey test (p?0.05). The results (Kgf) of provisional cementation for groups GTB, GTBNE and GDY were respectively: 2.75 ± 1.35b, 3.43 ± 1.66ab, and 4.48 ± 1.11a. The results of the adhesive cementation (Kgf) were respectively: 42.71 ± 15.33b, 57.59 ± 15.66a, and 54.75 ± 15.28ab. It was concluded that the temporary cement containing eugenol shows negative influence on the removal resistance of crowns cemented with resin cement.
Oral health in relation to nutritional status, age and sex among 14-18 years children of Naraingarh, Haryana
Authors: Sharma Krishan , Kaur Harvinder
Published: October 2015

Objective: To describe prevalence dental caries and to study the association between nutritional status and oral health based on various indices among adolescents from under privileged communities. Material and Methods: The study was based on a cross-sectional sample of 196 apparently healthy children (104 males and 92 females) in the age range of 14 to 18 years belonging to under-privileged communities. Each subject was measured for height, body weight to assess nutritional status and clinically observed for various oral health traits like dental caries, plaque, calculus and gingivitis. Results: Decayed, missing due to caries and filled teeth (DMF) index was low among adolescent children; it was 0.48 in males and 0.93 in females. Prevalence of calculus was higher among females through all age groups, while prevalence of plaque was higher among males. Sex differences were significant only for plaque index and DMF index. The inadequacy of nutrition was not a major determinant for the observed magnitude of soft deposits, plaque and calculus indices except for Oral health status index and DMF index where higher magnitude of the indices were observed in underweight children than the normal. Conclusion:  The inadequate nutritional status was not a major determinant of oral health indicating the general awareness of oral hygiene and its observance was a major factor. Females were more prone to dental caries than the males and the severity was also significantly higher in the former. KeywordsOral health; Nutritional status; BMI-for-age Z-scores; Periodontal health indices; Adolescence
CEFALEIA POR USO EXCESSIVO DE MEDICAMENTOS
Authors: Miranda Ariane Maria Fonseca , Pacheco Mila , Queiroz Ana Patrícia , Silva José Adriano , Araújo Patrícia , Martins Rosa
Published: October 2015

Uma variante da cefaleia crônica diária, a cefaleia por uso excessivo de medicamentos é uma manifestação clínica de frequência ≥ 15 dias por mês, durante 3 meses. Possui um diagnóstico deficiente e um tratamento dividido em etapas, sendo a desintoxicação, a etapa de fundamental importância. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão sobre o tema, contribuindo para o esclarecimento das principais manifestações clínicas, principais teorias envolvendo sua fisiopatologia e a terapêutica farmacológica empregada. A metodologia utilizada foi uma revisão de publicações europeias e americanas, no período de 2001 a 2013, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Todos os medicamentos utilizados no tratamento sintomático das cefaleias são capazes de cronificar uma cefaleia preexistente, desde que sejam utilizados excessivamente, de forma regular e continuada. A suspensão de tais agentes terapêuticos resultará em melhoria na maioria dos pacientes, porém pode ser necessária a introdução de uma terapia de suporte de transição e/ou terapia profilática. Os tratamentos nao farmacológicos, quando associados ao farmacológico, ampliam a possibilidade de resultados satisfatórios, evitando recaídas.
Cobrahead Deformity in the Right Atrial Disc of a New-Generation Occlutech Figulla Flex II Atrial Septal Defect Occluder Device
Authors: Kilic Teoman , Ural Ertan , Sahin Tayfun
Published: October 2015

Cobrahead deformity is a known (but uncommon) phenomenon associated with the left atrial disc of the Amplatzer or Occlutech Figulla septal occluder device during percutaneous transcatheter atrial septal defect closure. It has also been postulated that the right atrial disc of the Amplatzer septal occluder device might upon occasion exhibit the cobrahead malformation. To date, only one case report concerning the cobrahead deformity in the right atrial disc of an Amplatzer septal occluder has been published, if we discount a report published as a letter to the manufacturer.

Here we present the first report (known to us) of a cobrahead deformity in the right atrial disc of an Occlutech Figulla Flex II atrial septal defect occluder device during transcatheter closure of a complex atrial septal defect.
Combined Retrograde/Antegrade Approach to Transcatheter Closure of an Aortic Paravalvular Leak
Authors: Damluji Abdulla A. , Kaynak Husnu E. , Heldman Alan W.
Published: October 2015

New interventional techniques have made transcatheter closure of aortic paravalvular leaks a viable therapeutic option to treat the sequelae of these defects, including congestive heart failure and hemolysis. We report the transcatheter closure of an aortic paravalvular leak via a combined retrograde/antegrade approach. This was necessary because of difficulty in crossing the defect with a sheath from the retrograde approach. This technique might be useful in application to other difficult structural heart interventions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a treated paravalvular leak around a Mitroflow® Aortic Pericardial Heart Valve.
Very Late Stent Thrombosis 11 Years after Implantation of a Drug-Eluting Stent
Authors: Liou Kevin , Jepson Nigel
Published: October 2015

Very late stent thrombosis is an infrequent yet potentially fatal complication associated with drug-eluting stents. We report the case of an 88-year-old man who sustained an ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction 11 years after initial sirolimus-eluting stent implantation. Optical coherence tomograms of the lesion showed that the focal incomplete endothelialization of the stent struts was the likely cause; neointimal formation, neoatherosclerosis, and late stent malapposition might also have contributed.

To our knowledge, this is the longest reported intervening period between stent insertion and the development of an acute coronary event secondary to very late stent thrombosis. The associated prognostic and therapeutic implications are considerable, because they illuminate the uncertainties surrounding the optimal duration of antiplatelet therapy in patients who have drug-eluting stents. Clinicians face challenges in treating these patients, particularly when competing medical demands necessitate the discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy. In addition to the patient's case, we discuss factors that can contribute to very late stent thrombosis.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Surgery for Infective Endocarditis Complicated by Aorto-Atrial Fistula and Cardiopulmonary Collapse
Authors: Noyes Adam M. , Ramu Bhavadharini , Parker Matthew W. , Underhill David , Gluck Jason A.
Published: October 2015

The timing of surgery for active infective endocarditis is challenging when patients exhibit mechanical dysfunction and hemodynamic compromise. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been described in treating sepsis but not, insofar as we know, in treating the acute mechanical sequelae that arise from infective endocarditis. We report perhaps the first case that shows the usefulness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to definitive treatment in a 35-year-old man who had infective endocarditis followed by aorto-atrial fistula and cardiopulmonary collapse.
Coronary Interventions before Liver Transplantation Might Not Avert Postoperative Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Snipelisky David F. , McRee Chad , Seeger Kristina , Levy Michael , Shapiro Brian P.
Published: October 2015

Percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting may be performed before orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) to try to improve the condition of patients who have severe ischemic heart disease. However, data supporting improved outcomes are lacking.

We reviewed the medical records of 2,010 patients who underwent OLT at our hospital from 2000 through 2010. The 51 patients who underwent coronary artery angiography within 6 months of transplantation were included in this study: 28 had mild coronary artery disease, 10 had moderate disease, and 13 had severe disease. We compared all-cause and cardiac-cause mortality rates.

We found a significant difference in cardiac deaths between the groups (P <0.001), but none in all-cause death (P=0.624). Of the 10 patients who had moderate coronary artery disease, one underwent pre-transplant coronary artery bypass grafting. Of 13 patients with severe disease, 3 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, and 6 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Overall, 50% of patients who underwent either intervention died of cardiac-related causes, whereas no patient died of a cardiac-related cause after undergoing neither intervention (P <0.0001).

We conclude that, despite coronary intervention, mortality rates remain high in OLT patients who have severe coronary artery disease.
Obata’s Rigidity Theorem for Metric Measure
Spaces
Authors: Ketterer Christian
Published: October 2015

We prove Obata’s rigidity theorem for metric measure spaces that satisfy a Riemannian curvaturedimension
condition. Additionally,we show that a lower bound K for the generalizedHessian of a sufficiently
regular function u holds if and only if u is K-convex. A corollary is also a rigidity result for higher order
eigenvalues.
A strategy learning model for autonomous agents based on classification
Authors: Śnieżyński Bartłomiej
Published: October 2015

In this paper we propose a strategy learning model for autonomous agents based on classification. In the literature, the most commonly used learning method in agent-based systems is reinforcement learning. In our opinion, classification can be considered a good alternative. This type of supervised learning can be used to generate a classifier that allows the agent to choose an appropriate action for execution. Experimental results show that this model can be successfully applied for strategy generation even if rewards are delayed. We compare the efficiency of the proposed model and reinforcement learning using the farmer-pest domain and configurations of various complexity. In complex environments, supervised learning can improve the performance of agents much faster that reinforcement learning. If an appropriate knowledge representation is used, the learned knowledge may be analyzed by humans, which allows tracking the learning process
A study on meme propagation in multimemetic algorithms
Authors: Nogueras Rafael , Cotta Carlos
Published: October 2015

Multimemetic algorithms (MMAs) are a subclass of memetic algorithms in which memes are explicitly attached to genotypes and evolve alongside them. We analyze the propagation of memes in MMAs with a spatial structure. For this purpose we propose an idealized selecto-Lamarckian model that only features selection and local improvement, and study under which conditions good, high-potential memes can proliferate. We compare population models with panmictic and toroidal grid topologies. We show that the increased takeover time induced by the latter is essential for improving the chances for good memes to express themselves in the population by improving their hosts, hence enhancing their survival rates. Experiments realized with an actual MMA on three different complex pseudo-Boolean functions are consistent with these findings, indicating that memes are more successful in a spatially structured MMA, rather than in a panmictic MMA, and that the performance of the former is significantly better than that of its panmictic counterpart
A multi-agent brokerage platform for media content recommendation
Authors: Veloso Bruno , Malheiro Benedita , Burguillo Juan Carlos
Published: October 2015

Near real time media content personalisation is nowadays a major challenge involving media content sources, distributors and viewers. This paper describes an approach to seamless recommendation, negotiation and transaction of personalised media content. It adopts an integrated view of the problem by proposing, on the business-to-business (B2B) side, a brokerage platform to negotiate the media items on behalf of the media content distributors and sources, providing viewers, on the business-to-consumer (B2C) side, with a personalised electronic programme guide (EPG) containing the set of recommended items after negotiation. In this setup, when a viewer connects, the distributor looks up and invites sources to negotiate the contents of the viewer personal EPG. The proposed multi-agent brokerage platform is structured in four layers, modelling the registration, service agreement, partner lookup, invitation as well as item recommendation, negotiation and transaction stages of the B2B processes. The recommendation service is a rule-based switch hybrid filter, including six collaborative and two content-based filters. The rule-based system selects, at runtime, the filter(s) to apply as well as the final set of recommendations to present. The filter selection is based on the data available, ranging from the history of items watched to the ratings and/or tags assigned to the items by the viewer. Additionally, this module implements (i) a novel item stereotype to represent newly arrived items, (ii) a standard user stereotype for new users, (iii) a novel passive user tag cloud stereotype for socially passive users, and (iv) a new content-based filter named the collinearity and proximity similarity (CPS). At the end of the paper, we present off-line results and a case study describing how the recommendation service works. The proposed system provides, to our knowledge, an excellent holistic solution to the problem of recommending multimedia contents.
A sixth-order finite volume method for the 1D biharmonic operator: Application to intramedullary nail simulation
Authors: Costa Ricardo , Machado Gaspar J. , Clain Stéphane
Published: October 2015

A new very high-order finite volume method to solve problems with harmonic and biharmonic operators for onedimensional geometries is proposed. The main ingredient is polynomial reconstruction based on local interpolations of mean values providing accurate approximations of the solution up to the sixth-order accuracy. First developed with the harmonic operator, an extension for the biharmonic operator is obtained, which allows designing a very high-order finite volume scheme where the solution is obtained by solving a matrix-free problem. An application in elasticity coupling the two operators is presented. We consider a beam subject to a combination of tensile and bending loads, where the main goal is the stress critical point determination for an intramedullary nail.
Analysis of the descriptor Roesser model with the use of the Drazin inverse
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz
Published: October 2015

A method of analysis for a class of descriptor 2D discrete-time linear systems described by the Roesser model with a regular pencil is proposed. The method is based on the transformation of the model to a special form with the use of elementary row and column operations and on the application of a Drazin inverse of matrices to handle the model. The method is illustrated with a numerical example
An H∞ sliding mode observer for Takagi–Sugeno nonlinear systems with simultaneous actuator and sensor faults An
Authors: Brahim Ali Ben , Dhahri Slim , Hmida Fayçal Ben , Sellami Anis
Published: October 2015

This paper considers the problem of robust reconstruction of simultaneous actuator and sensor faults for a class of uncertain Takagi-Sugeno nonlinear systems with unmeasurable premise variables. The proposed fault reconstruction and estimation design method with H∞ performance is used to reconstruct both actuator and sensor faults when the latter are transformed into pseudo-actuator faults by introducing a simple filter. The main contribution is to develop a sliding mode observer (SMO) with two discontinuous terms to solve the problem of simultaneous faults. Sufficient stability conditions in terms linear matrix inequalities are achieved to guarantee the stability of the state estimation error. The observer gains are obtained by solving a convex multiobjective optimization problem. Simulation examples are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed observer
A repeated imitation model with dependence between stages: Decision strategies and rewards
Authors: Villacorta Pablo J. , Pelta David A.
Published: October 2015

Adversarial decision making is aimed at determining strategies to anticipate the behavior of an opponent trying to learn from our actions. One defense is to make decisions intended to confuse the opponent, although our rewards can be diminished. This idea has already been captured in an adversarial model introduced in a previous work, in which two agents separately issue responses to an unknown sequence of external inputs. Each agent’s reward depends on the current input and the responses of both agents. In this contribution, (a) we extend the original model by establishing stochastic dependence between an agent’s responses and the next input of the sequence, and (b) we study the design of time varying decision strategies for the extended model. The strategies obtained are compared against static strategies from theoretical and empirical points of view. The results show that time varying strategies outperform static ones
Computing with words with the use of inverse RDM models of membership functions
Authors: Piegat Andrzej , Pluciński Marcin
Published: October 2015

Computing with words is a way to artificial, human-like thinking. The paper shows some new possibilities of solving difficult problems of computing with words which are offered by relative-distance-measure RDM models of fuzzy membership functions. Such models are based on RDM interval arithmetic. The way of calculation with words was shown using a specific problem of flight delay formulated by Lotfi Zadeh. The problem seems easy at first sight, but according to the authors’ knowledge it has not been solved yet. Results produced with the achieved solution were tested. The investigations also showed that computing with words sometimes offers possibilities of achieving better problem solutions than with the human mind.
Rayleigh theorem, projection of orbital measures and spline functions
Authors: Faraut Jacques
Published: October 2015

We consider a random matrix
Firms’ operational costs, market entry and growth
Authors: Cardona Daniel , Sánchez-Losada Fernando
Published: October 2015

The industrial organizational literature identifies operational costs as being an important determinant of industry evolution over time; however, it also shows that they can be endogenous and time-dependent. In this paper, we analyze the effects of endogenous and time-dependent operational costs on economic activity and, hence, on economic growth. We show that the particular nature of these costs determines the way in which the overall number of firms grows, which ultimately determines the pattern of economic growth. Our analysis differs from other approaches in that (i) a new firm is associated with the creation of a new product in such a way that a planned expenditure of resources is required (e.g. R&D), and (ii) an accumulation law for the growth of the number of firms is assumed. Hence, we show that growth can occur endogenously in an economy without any specific growth generating sector.