bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two- and three-dimensional wake transitions of a rectangular cylinder and resultant hydrodynamic effects
Authors: Ju Xiaoying , Jiang Hongyi
Published: July 2024

Two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) direct numerical simulations are conducted for flow past rectangular cylinders with various cross-sectional aspect ratios. The primary focuses are the interactions between the 2-D wake transitions in the spanwise vortex street (with distance downstream) and the 3-D wake transitions in the streamwise vortices, and the influence of both 2-D and 3-D wake transitions on the hydrodynamic forces on the cylinder. The 2-D wake transitions generally move upstream with increasing Reynolds number and decreasing aspect ratio. The corresponding reasons are explained. The 2-D wake transitions emerging close to the cylinder may directly alter the hydrodynamic forces on the cylinder, e.g. the Strouhal number, time-averaged drag coefficient and root-mean-square lift coefficient. By using specifically designed numerical cases to decompose the effects of the two 2-D transitions, it is found that the first 2-D transition from the primary to the two-layered vortex street results in reductions in the hydrodynamic forces, while the second 2-D transition to the secondary vortex street results in increases in the forces. The reduction/increase in the hydrodynamic forces becomes more significant when the transition location moves closer to the cylinder. The physical mechanisms for the influence on the hydrodynamic forces are elucidated. The upstream movement of the 2-D wake transitions also induces complex interactions between the 2-D and 3-D wake transitions (which also depends on the type of the 3-D mode). Correspondingly, the 3-D hydrodynamic forces may be governed by both 2-D and 3-D wake transitions (and their mutual influence).
Continuum modelling of size segregation and flow in dense, bidisperse granular media: accounting for segregation driven by both pressure gradients and shear-strain-rate gradients
Authors: Singh Harkirat , Liu Daren , Henann David L.
Published: July 2024

Dense mixtures of particles of varying size tend to segregate based on size during flow. Granular size segregation impacts many industrial and geophysical processes, but the development of coupled, continuum models capable of predicting the evolution of segregation dynamics and flow fields in dense granular media across different geometries remains a challenge. One reason is because size segregation stems from two driving forces: pressure gradients and shear-strain-rate gradients. Another reason is the challenge of integrating segregation models with rheological constitutive equations for dense granular flow. In this paper we develop a continuum model that accounts for pressure-gradient-driven and shear-strain-rate-gradient-driven segregation, coupled to rheological modelling of a dense granular medium across the quasi-static and dense inertial flow regimes. To calibrate and test the continuum model, we perform discrete element method (DEM) simulations of dense flow of bidisperse granular systems in two flow geometries in which both segregation driving forces are present: inclined plane flow and planar shear flow with gravity. Steady-state DEM data from inclined plane flow is used to determine the dimensionless material parameters in the pressure-gradient-driven segregation model for both spheres and disks. Then, predictions of the continuum model are tested against DEM data across different cases of inclined plane flow and planar shear flow with gravity, while varying parameters such as the size of the flow geometry, the flow speed and the initial conditions. We find that it is crucial to account for both driving forces to capture segregation dynamics across both flow geometries with a single set of parameters.
Operating principles of peristaltic pumping through a dense array of valves
Authors: Winn Aaron , Katifori Eleni
Published: July 2024

Immersed nonlinear elements are prevalent in biological systems that require a preferential flow direction, such as the venous and the lymphatic system. We investigate here a certain class of models where the fluid is driven by peristaltic pumping and the nonlinear elements are ideal valves that completely suppress backflow. This highly nonlinear system produces discontinuous solutions that are difficult to study. We show that, as the density of valves increases, the pressure and flow are well approximated by a continuum of valves which can be analytically treated, and we demonstrate through numeric simulation that the approximation works well even for intermediate valve densities. We find that the induced flow is linear in the peristaltic amplitude for small peristaltic forces and, in the case of sinusoidal peristalsis, is independent of pumping direction. Despite the continuum approximation used, the physical valve density is accounted for by modifying the resistance of the fluid appropriately. The suppression of backflow causes a net benefit in adding valves when the valve density is low, but once the density is high enough, valves predominately suppress forward flow, suggesting there is an optimum number of valves per wavelength. The continuum model for peristaltic pumping through an array of valves presented in this work can eventually provide insights about the design and operating principles of complex flow networks with a broad class of nonlinear elements.
Dynamics and fluid–structure interaction in turbulent flows within and above flexible canopies
Authors: Foggi Rota Giulio , Monti Alessandro , Olivieri Stefano , Rosti Marco Edoardo
Published: July 2024

Flexible canopy flows are often encountered in natural scenarios, e.g. when crops sway in the wind or when submerged kelp forests are agitated by marine currents. Here, we provide a detailed characterisation of the turbulent flow developed above and between the flexible filaments of a fully submerged dense canopy and we describe their dynamical response to the turbulent forcing. We investigate a wide range of flexibilities, encompassing the case in which the filaments are completely rigid and standing upright as well as that where they are fully compliant to the flow and deflected in the streamwise direction. We are thus able to isolate the effect of the canopy flexibility on the drag and on the inner–outer flow interactions, as well as the two flapping regimes of the filaments already identified for a single fibre. Furthermore, we offer a detailed description of the Reynolds stresses throughout the wall-normal direction resorting to the Lumley triangle formalism, and we show the multi-layer nature of turbulence inside and above the canopy. The relevance of our investigation is thus twofold: the fundamental physical understanding developed here paves the way towards the investigation of more complex and realistic scenarios, while we also provide a thorough characterisation of the turbulent state that can prove useful in the development of accurate turbulence models for RANS and LES.
Wall-wake laws for the mean velocity and the turbulence
Authors: Smits Alexander J.
Published: July 2024

A new wall-wake law is proposed for the streamwise turbulence in the outer region of a turbulent boundary layer. The formulation pairs the logarithmic part of the profile (with a slope

$A_1$

and additive constant

$B_1$

) to an outer linear part, and it accurately describes over 95 % of the boundary layer profile at high Reynolds numbers. Once the slope

$A_1$

is fixed,

$B_1$

is the only free parameter determining the fit. Most importantly,

$B_1$

is shown to follow the same trend with Reynolds number as the wake factor in the wall-wake law for the mean velocity, which is tied to changes in scaling of the mean flow and the turbulence that occur at low Reynolds number.
An Alternative Similar Tropical Cyclone Identification Algorithm for Statistical TC Rainfall Prediction in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Hokson J. A. , Kanae S.
Published: July 2024

Improving tropical cyclone (TC) rainfall prediction is vital as climate change has led to an increase in TC rainfall rates. Enhanced reliability in predicting TC tracks has paved the way for statistical methodologies to make use of them in estimating current TC rainfall, achieved by identifying similar past TC tracks and obtaining their corresponding rainfall data. While the Fuzzy C Means (FCM) clustering algorithm is widely used, it has limitations stemming from its clustering‐centric design, hindering its ability to pinpoint the most appropriate similar TCs. Our study introduces the Sinkhorn distance, a novel similarity metric that measures the cost of transforming one set of data to another, for assessing TC similarity in rainfall prediction. Our findings indicate that utilizing Sinkhorn distance enhances the accuracy of TC rainfall predictions across the Western North Pacific region. When compared to the conventional approach using FCM, our Sinkhorn distance‐based methodology yields slightly better yet statistically significant results. The improvement is due to better identification of similar TCs, characterized by closer proximity of similar TC tracks to the target TC track, facilitated by Sinkhorn distance. This underscores how minor differences in TC track can alter rainfall distribution, emphasizing the critical importance of accurate track prediction in rainfall prediction and the need to reconsider how we categorize TCs together, which can have implications for climate and atmospheric sciences. Collectively, the inclusion of Sinkhorn distance stands as a valuable addition to our toolkit for discerning similar TC tracks, thus elevating the accuracy of TC rainfall predictions.
Climatic and Environmental Impacts on the Sedimentation of the SW Taiwan Margin Since the Last Deglaciation: Geochemical and Mineralogical Investigations
Authors: Bertaz Joffrey , Liu Zhifei , Colin Christophe , Dapoigny Arnaud , Lin Andrew Tien‐Shun , Li Yanli , Jian Zhimin
Published: July 2024

Many scientific studies have been conducted to constrain present and past source‐to‐sink processes and their controlling factors. The role of typhoon and monsoon rainfall on chemical weathering and soils erosion in east Asia is still not well established. Clay minerals and major elements, combined with Nd and Sr isotopic compositions were analyzed on sediments from Core MD18‐3569 located on the Taiwan margin in the northeastern South China Sea. The aim was to reconstruct the weathering history of small river basins of southwest Taiwan and to establish the impact of East Asian summer monsoon and typhoon rainfall on source to sink processes since the last glacial period. 87Sr/86Sr and ɛNd values and predominant illite‐chlorite indicate that the rivers of southwest Taiwan is the sole source of sediments to Core MD18‐3569 since last deglaciation. Variations in clay mineral assemblages and major elements allowed us to evaluate the intensity of past weathering in the rivers of southwest Taiwan. We demonstrated that long‐term changes of chemical weathering intensity record from Taiwan are driven by changes in the summer monsoon rainfall. The deglaciation is characterized by a progressive increase in the intensity of chemical weathering, which peaked at the beginning of the Holocene. The chemical weathering degree of sediments from Taiwan decreases during the Holocene concurrently with a weakening of the summer monsoon, increase in typhoon activity, and changes in the vegetation cover. All these processes induce soil erosion, regressive pedogenesis, due to shorter residence time of minerals in the soils of southwest Taiwan.
How Well Do We Know the Seasonal Cycle in Ocean Bottom Pressure?
Authors: Ponte R. M. , Zhao M. , Schindelegger M.
Published: July 2024

We revisit the nature of the ocean bottom pressure (pb) seasonal cycle by leveraging the mounting GRACE‐based pb record and its assimilation in the ocean state estimates produced by the project for Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO). We focus on the mean seasonal cycle from both data and ECCO estimates, examining their similarities and differences and exploring the underlying causes. Despite substantial year‐to‐year variability, the 21‐year period studied (2002–2022) provides a relatively robust estimate of the mean seasonal cycle. Results indicate that the pb annual harmonic tends to dominate but the semi‐annual harmonic can also be important (e.g., subpolar North Pacific, Bellingshausen Basin). Amplitudes and short‐scale phase variability are enhanced near coasts and continental shelves, emphasizing the importance of bottom topography in shaping the seasonal cycle in pb. Comparisons of GRACE and ECCO estimates indicate good qualitative agreement, but considerable quantitative differences remain in many areas. The GRACE amplitudes tend to be higher than those of ECCO typically by 10%–50%, and by more than 50% in extensive regions, particularly around continental boundaries. Phase differences of more than 1 (0.5) months for the annual (semiannual) harmonics are also apparent. Larger differences near coastal regions can be related to enhanced GRACE data uncertainties and also to the absence of gravitational attraction and loading effects in ECCO. Improvements in both data and model‐based estimates are still needed to narrow present uncertainties in pb estimates.
Ion Precipitation Into Io's Poles Driven by a Strong Sub‐Alfvénic Interaction
Authors: Szalay J. R. , Saur J. , Allegrini F. , Ebert R. W. , Valek P. W. , Clark G. , Accetta K. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. J. , Damiano P. , Dols V. , Mauk B. , McComas D. J. , Paranicas C. , Sarkango Y. , Strobel D. , Sulaiman A. H. , Wilson R. J.
Published: July 2024

Juno performed two close flybys of Io and found enhanced field‐aligned proton fluxes are absorbed by Io. These protons are absorbed at mass input rates comparable to previous estimates for hydrogen losses from Io, hence Jupiter is likely the source of hydrogen at Io. The conditions necessary for this to occur are: (a) formation of Alfvén waves at Io, (b) wave‐particle coupling to energize protons, (c) anti‐planetward transport of ions due to the magnetic mirror force and/or parallel acceleration, and (d) strong sub‐Alfvénic interaction slowing the flow connected to Io's fluxtube allowing for sufficient travel time for energized ions to transit to Io. The derived slowdown of ≤12% the upstream value is linked to filamentation within the Alfvén wing. This mechanism is likely operating at all strongly interacting satellites and provides an avenue to transfer material from a planetary body to its satellites, including exoplanets and brown dwarfs.
Summer Convective Precipitation Changes Over the Great Lakes Region Under a Warming Scenario
Authors: Yang Zhao , Wang Jiali , Qian Yun , Chakraborty TC , Xue Pengfei , Pringle William J. , Huang Chenfu , Kayastha Miraj Bhakta , Huang Huilin , Li Jianfeng , Hetland Robert
Published: July 2024

To understand future summer precipitation changes over the Great Lakes Region (GLR), we performed an ensemble of regional climate simulations through the Pseudo‐Global Warming (PGW) approach. We found that different types of convective precipitation respond differently to the PGW signal. Isolated deep convection (IDC), usually concentrated in the southern domain, shows an increase in precipitation to the north of the GLR. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), usually concentrated upwind of the GLR, shift to the downwind region with increased precipitation. Thermodynamic variables such as convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective inhibition energy (CIN) are found to increase across almost the entire studied domain, creating a potential environment more favorable for stronger convection systems and less favorable for weaker ones. Meanwhile, changes in the lifting condensation level (LCL) and level of free convection (LFC) show a strong correlation with variations in convective precipitation, highlighting the significance of these thermodynamic factors in controlling precipitation over the domain. Our results indicate that the decrease in LCL and LCF in areas with increased convective precipitation is mainly due to increased atmospheric moisture. In response to the prescribed warming perturbation, MCSs occur more frequently downwind, while localized IDCs exhibit more intense rain rates, longer durations, and larger rainfall area.
Post‐Collisional Reorganisation of the Eastern Alps in 4D – Crust and Mantle Structure
Authors: McPhee Peter J. , Handy Mark R.
Published: July 2024

The Eastern Alps were affected by a profound post‐collisional tectonic reorganisation in Neogene time, featuring indentation by the Adriatic upper plate, rapid uplift and filling of the eastern Molasse Basin, exhumation and eastward orogen‐parallel transport of Paleogene metamorphic units in the orogenic core, and a shift from northward thrust propagation in the European plate to southward propagation in the Adriatic plate. We test the idea that these events were triggered by slab detachment by reconstructing the indentation process. This involves sequentially restoring N‐S and E‐W cross‐sections of the orogenic wedge and correcting for out‐of‐section orogen‐parallel transport with a map‐view reconstruction. We propose two phases of indentation: Initially (23 and 14 Ma), the whole Adriatic crust acted as an indenter. Its northward motion was accommodated by upright folding and orogen‐parallel extensional exhumation in the Tauern Window. This phase was followed (14 Ma to Present) by continued orogen‐parallel transport of the orogenic wedge into the Pannonian Basin and deformation of the leading edge of the Adriatic indenter, forming the Southern Alps fold‐thrust belt. The lower crust of the Southern Alps indented the base of the Venediger Nappes in the Tauern Window, forming a high‐velocity (6.8–7.25 km/s) ridge in map view at 30–45 km depth. By correlating the post‐23 Ma orogenic evolution with presently imaged European slab segments in P‐wave teleseismic tomography, we discern two possible Neogene slab removal events: One from 23 to 19 Ma triggering tectonic reorganisation of the Eastern Alps and its foreland basin, and potentially a second event after 14 Ma.
Transient absorption of warm dense matter created by an X-ray free-electron laser
Authors: Mercadier Laurent , Benediktovitch Andrei , Krušič Špela , Kas Joshua J. , Schlappa Justine , Agåker Marcus , Carley Robert , Fazio Giuseppe , Gerasimova Natalia , Kim Young Yong , Le Guyader Loïc , Mercurio Giuseppe , Parchenko Sergii , Rehr John J. , Rubensson Jan-Erik , Serkez Svitozar , Stransky Michal , Teichmann Martin , Yin Zhong , Žitnik Matjaž , Scherz Andreas , Ziaja Beata , Rohringer Nina
Published: July 2024

Warm dense matter is at the boundary between a plasma and a condensed phase and plays a role in astrophysics, planetary science and inertial confinement fusion research. However, its electronic structure and ionic structure upon irradiation with strong laser pulses remain poorly understood. Here, we use an intense and ultrafast X-ray free-electron laser pulse to simultaneously create and characterize warm dense copper using L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy over a large irradiation intensity range. Below a pulse intensity of 1015 W cm−2, an absorption peak below the L edge appears, originating from transient depletion of the 3d band. This peak shifts to lower energy with increasing intensity, indicating the movement of the 3d band upon strong X-ray excitation. At higher intensities, substantial ionization and collisions lead to the transition from reverse saturable absorption to saturable absorption of the X-ray free-electron laser pulse, two nonlinear effects that hold promise for X-ray pulse-shaping. We employ theoretical calculations that combine a model based on kinetic Boltzmann equations with finite-temperature real-space density-functional theory to interpret these observations. The results can be used to benchmark non-equilibrium models of electronic structure in warm dense matter.
Association between periodontal disease and schizophrenia: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cao Hongliang , Wu Hao , Wang Pengyu , Zhang Haiyang , Wang Song
Published: July 2024

The connection between periodontal disease (PD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) has been reported in observational studies, but it remains unclear. This research aims to examine the bidirectional causal impacts between PD and SCZ. The FinnGen consortium supplied summarized data on PD for 346,731 individuals (87,497 cases and 259,234 controls) of Finnish ancestry, and information on SCZ was acquired from the OpenGWAS repository, encompassing 127,906 individuals (52,017 cases and 75,889 controls) of European ancestry. Next, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to establish a causal inference relationship between PD and SCZ. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was utilized as the primary analysis. Additionally, some sensitivity analyses were utilized to verify the stability of the results. The analysis of IVW results indicated no impact of PD on SCZ (IVW OR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.97–1.24, P = 0.14). Nevertheless, the inverse relationship between PD and SCZ was identified through reverse MR analysis (IVW OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, P = 0.002). The findings from MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode approaches aligned with the outcomes of the IVW method. Based on sensitivity analyses, horizontal pleiotropy is unlikely to distort causal estimates. This study presented the initial proof of a genetic causal relationship between SCZ and PD, albeit with a minimal impact. Further exploration is needed to gain a deeper understanding of this relationship. Furthermore, no genetic causal relationship between PD and SCZ was identified.
Adaptive median filter salt and pepper noise suppression approach for common path coherent dispersion spectrometer
Authors: Guan Shouxin , Liu Bin , Chen Shasha , Wu Yinhua , Wang Feicheng , Liu Xuebin , Wei Ruyi
Published: July 2024

The Common-path Coherent-dispersion Spectrometer (CODES), an exoplanet detection instrument, executes high-precision Radial Velocity (RV) inversions by recording the phase shifts of interference fringes. Salt-and-pepper noise caused by factors such as improper operation of the CCD probe/analog-to-digital converter and strong dark currents may interfere with the phase information of the fringe. This lowers the quality of the interfering fringe image and significantly interferes with the RV’s inversion. In this study, an adaptive median filtering algorithm (CODESmF) based on submaximum and subminimum values is designed to eliminate the interference fringe image's salt-and-pepper noise as well as to reduce RV error. This allows the interference fringe image's phase information to be retained more completely. The algorithm consists of two major modules. Pixel Sub-extreme-based Filtered Noise Monitoring Module: discriminates signal pixels and noise pixels based on the submaximum and subminimum values of the pixels in the filtering window. Adaptive Median Filter Noise Suppression Module: the signal pixel is kept at the original value output, the noise pixel serves as the filtering window's center pixel, and the adaptive median filtering procedure is repeated numerous times with various filtering window sizes. According to the experimental findings, the CODESmF outperforms comparable algorithms and works better at recovering interference fringes. More than 90% of the phase/RV error caused by salt-and-pepper noise is typically eliminated by the CODESmF algorithm, and in certain circumstances, it can even remove roughly 98% of the phase error.
Peripheral inflammation is associated with brain atrophy and cognitive decline linked to mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Liang Nuanyi , Nho Kwangsik , Newman John W. , Arnold Matthias , Huynh Kevin , Meikle Peter J. , Borkowski Kamil , Kaddurah-Daouk Rima ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Metabolomics Consortium, Kueider-Paisley Alexandra , Doraiswamy P. Murali , Blach Colette , Moseley Arthur , Mahmoudiandehkhordi Siamak , Welsh-Balmer Kathleen , Plassman Brenda , Saykin Andrew , Risacher Shannon , Kastenmüller Gabi , Han Xianlin , Baillie Rebecca , Knight Rob , Dorrestein Pieter , Brewer James , Mayer Emeran , Labus Jennifer , Baldi Pierre , Gupta Arpana , Fiehn Oliver , Barupal Dinesh , Meikle Peter , Mazmanian Sarkis , Rader Dan , Shaw Leslie , van Duijin Cornelia , Amin Najaf , Nevado-Holgado Alejo , Bennett David , Krishnan Ranga , Keshavarzian Ali , Vogt Robin , Ikram Arfan , Hankemeier Thomas , Thiele Ines , Funk Cory , Baloni Priyanka , Jia Wei , Wishart David , Brinton Roberta , Farrer Lindsay , Au Rhoda , Qiu Wendy , Würtz Peter , Koal Therese , Greenwood Anna , Krumsiek Jan , Suhre Karsten , Newman John , Hernandez Ivan , Foroud Tatania , Sacks Frank
Published: July 2024

Inflammation is an important factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An NMR measurement in plasma, glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA), captures the overall level of protein production and glycosylation implicated in systemic inflammation. With its additional advantage of reducing biological variability, GlycA might be useful in monitoring the relationship between peripheral inflammation and brain changes relevant to AD. However, the associations between GlycA and these brain changes have not been fully evaluated. Here, we performed Spearman’s correlation analyses to evaluate these associations cross-sectionally and determined whether GlycA can inform AD-relevant longitudinal measurements among participants in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (n = 1506), with additional linear models and stratification analyses to evaluate the influences of sex or diagnosis status and confirm findings from Spearman’s correlation analyses. We found that GlycA was elevated in AD patients compared to cognitively normal participants. GlycA correlated negatively with multiple concurrent regional brain volumes in females diagnosed with late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) or AD. Baseline GlycA level was associated with executive function decline at 3–9 year follow-up in participants diagnosed with LMCI at baseline, with similar but not identical trends observed in the future decline of memory and entorhinal cortex volume. Results here indicated that GlycA is an inflammatory biomarker relevant to AD pathogenesis and that the stage of LMCI might be relevant to inflammation-related intervention.
Inadequate food safety knowledge and hygiene practices among street food vendors in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Sufia , Tanjia Nafisa , Mitra Amal K. , Hossain Afjal , Jasika Mahajuba Tanija , Suhi Suhana Sara , Hossain Sheikh Jamal
Published: July 2024

Food safety remains a critical issue with outbreaks of foodborne illness. The knowledge gap of food safety and improper hygienic practices of food handlers are the key factors for the transmission of foodborne diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the level of food safety knowledge and practices among street food vendors in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, and its implications on consumers’ health. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 respondents in seven areas of Dhaka City. Trained data collectors gather data by interviewing street vendors using a pretested questionnaire. Most of the vendors (98%) were male, with 48% having secondary education and 85% having no food safety training. Although about 89% of the vendors were found to practice hand washing, only a small proportion of them practised using hand gloves while handling raw products (5.6%), cleaning tables (2.2%), preparing foods (1.3%) or handling garbage (0.9%). The education level of the vendors and their work experience were significantly correlated with their hand washing practice, wearing hand gloves and their knowledge about food-borne illnesses. The study demonstrated that formal education played a significant role in vendors’ knowledge and practice of health safety measures for food handlers to prevent foodborne illness. Effective food safety training and monitoring are needed to increase vendors' knowledge and practices, and in reducing foodborne diseases.
Classification and prediction of drought and salinity stress tolerance in barley using GenPhenML
Authors: Akbari Mahjoubeh , Sabouri Hossein , Sajadi Sayed Javad , Yarahmadi Saeed , Ahangar Leila
Published: July 2024

Genetic and agronomic advances consistently lead to an annual increase in global barley yield. Since abiotic stresses (physical environmental factors that negatively affect plant growth) reduce barley yield, it is necessary to predict barley resistance. Artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) models are new and powerful tools for predicting product resilience. Considering the research gap in the use of molecular markers in predicting abiotic stresses, this paper introduces a new approach called GenPhenML that combines molecular markers and phenotypic traits to predict the resistance of barley genotypes to drought and salinity stresses by ML models. GenPhenML uses feature selection algorithms to determine the most important molecular markers. It then identifies the best model that predicts atmospheric resistance with lower MAE, RMSE, and higher R2. The results showed that GenPhenML with a neural network model predicted the salinity stress resistance score with MAE, RMSE and R2 values of 0.1206, 0.0308 and 0.9995, respectively. Also, the NN model predicted drought stress scores with MAE, RMSE and R2 values of 0.0727, 0.0105 and 0.9999, respectively. The GenPhenML approach was also used to classify barley genotypes as resistant and stress-sensitive. The results showed that the accuracy, accuracy and F1 score of the proposed approach for salinity and drought stress classification were higher than 97%.
IMPDH2 filaments protect from neurodegeneration in AMPD2 deficiency
Authors: Flores-Mendez Marco , Ohl Laura , Roule Thomas , Zhou Yijing , Tintos-Hernández Jesus A , Walsh Kelsey , Ortiz-González Xilma R , Akizu Naiara
Published: July 2024

Metabolic dysregulation is one of the most common causes of pediatric neurodegenerative disorders. However, how the disruption of ubiquitous and essential metabolic pathways predominantly affect neural tissue remains unclear. Here we use mouse models of a childhood neurodegenerative disorder caused by AMPD2 deficiency to study cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to selective neuronal vulnerability to purine metabolism imbalance. We show that mouse models of AMPD2 deficiency exhibit predominant degeneration of the hippocampal dentate gyrus, despite a general reduction of brain GTP levels. Neurodegeneration-resistant regions accumulate micron-sized filaments of IMPDH2, the rate limiting enzyme in GTP synthesis, while these filaments are barely detectable in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Furthermore, we show that IMPDH2 filament disassembly reduces GTP levels and impairs growth of neural progenitor cells derived from individuals with human AMPD2 deficiency. Together, our findings suggest that IMPDH2 polymerization prevents detrimental GTP deprivation, opening the possibility of exploring the induction of IMPDH2 assembly as a therapy for neurodegeneration.
Spin crossover iron complexes with spin transition near room temperature based on nitrogen ligands containing aromatic rings: from molecular design to functional devices
Authors: Zhang Yongjie , Torres-Cavanillas Ramón , Yan Xinxin , Zeng Yixun , Jiang Mengyun , Clemente-León Miguel , Coronado Eugenio , Shi Shengwei
Published: July 2024

Recent progress of spin crossover complexes with spin transition near room temperature has been summarized from molecular design to functional devices, and current challenges are highlighted to indicate their future directions.
Bioinspired molecular catalysts with a unique tricopper architecture for highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Guo Peng-Peng , Xu Chao , Yang Kun-Zu , Lu Chen , Chi Hua-Min , Xu Ying , Su Yong-Zhi , Liu Xin , Wei Ping-Jie , Liu Jin-Gang
Published: July 2024

A bioinspired multicopper molecular electrocatalyst with tricopper complexes loaded on a cellulose-derived carbon support exhibited superior performance for the oxygen reduction reaction in zinc–air batteries compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Advances in electrocatalytic dehydrogenation of ethylamine to acetonitrile
Authors: Zhu Yanlin , Wu Dezhen , Tang Jinyao , Braaten Dakota , Liu Bin , Peng Zhenmeng
Published: July 2024

This article delves into electrocatalytic ethylamine dehydrogenation, advances in catalyst research, its applications in energy storage and conversion, and insights into research hurdles and future avenues.
Water splitting at imine-linked covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Gottwald Felizitas , Penschke Christopher , Saalfrank Peter
Published: July 2024

The effect of protonation, constitutional isomerism, and solvation on the water splitting reaction at imine-linked covalent organic frameworks is investigated by density functional theory calculations.
Anticancer potential of NSAID-derived tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands in iron(ii) sandwich complexes
Authors: Gobbo Alberto , Pereira Sarah A. P. , Mota Fátima A. R. , Sinenko Irina , Glinkina Kseniya , Rocchi Dario , Guelfi Massimo , Biver Tarita , Donati Chiara , Zacchini Stefano , Saraiva M. Lúcia M. F. S. , Dyson Paul J. , Marchetti Fabio
Published: July 2024

Flurbiprofen and ibuprofen have been tethered to the skeleton of tris(pyrazolyl)methane, the resulting iron(II) complexes displaying antiproliferative activity and enzyme inhibition capacity largely influenced by the bioactive fragment.
Two nickel-added poly(polyoxometalate)s built of Keggin-type {Ni6PW9} and Anderson-type NiW6O24via WO4/Sb2O bridges and Ni–O–W linkages with efficient hydrogen evolution activity
Authors: Zhang Peng-Yun , Lian Chen , Wang Zhen-Wen , Chen Juan , Lv Hongjin , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: July 2024

Two Ni-added poly(POM)s built of {Ni6PW9} and NiW6O24 units via WO4/Sb2O and Ni–O–W bonds have been made, which work as heterogeneous catalysts for light-driven hydrogen evolution, showing superior to most of the reported POM-based catalysts.
Synergistically enhanced photocatalytic properties of Co3O4-G/GO nanocomposites: unravelling their interactions and charge-transfer dynamics using XAS
Authors: Kadian Ankit , Manikandan V. , Chen C. L. , Dong C. L. , Annapoorni S.
Published: July 2024

Role of the carbon network and its interactions with Co3O4 towards enhancing its photocatalytic properties of phenol dye by delaying the excitonic recombination.
Exploring enantiopure zinc-scorpionates as catalysts for the preparation of polylactides, cyclic carbonates, and polycarbonates
Authors: Navarro Marta , Sobrino Sonia , Fernández Israel , Lara-Sánchez Agustín , Garcés Andrés , Sánchez-Barba Luis F.
Published: July 2024

Novel enantiopure zinc scorpionates as very efficient and versatile catalysts for sustainable processes such as the production of iso-enriched poly(rac-lactide) (Pi = 0.88), five-membered cyclic carbonates and poly(cyclohexene carbonate)s.
Reducing hybrid ligand-based alane and chasing aluminium(i): dialane and unusual transient dialumene
Authors: Wang Xiaobai , Ligorio Raphael F. , Rüttger Franziska , Krengel David M. J. , Graw Nico , Herbst-Irmer Regine , Krawczuk Anna , Stalke Dietmar
Published: July 2024

The alane [DNIAlH2] (1) was reduced by Jones's Mg(i) and Roesky's Al(i) to give the dialane [{DNI(H)Al}2] (2). 1 with [DippBDIAl:] gives intramolecular C(sp2)–H bond-activated 3. [DNINa] with [(Cp*Al)4] gives C–N activated 5 with an Al2CN ring.
Gold(i) complexes as powerful photosensitizers – a visionary frontier perspective
Authors: Pinto Andrea , Rodríguez Laura
Published: July 2024

Singlet oxygen production and its reactivity have significant implications in fields ranging from polymer science to photodynamic therapy.
Difunctionalized indol-2-yl-ligated bimetallic rare-earth metal complexes: synthesis, characterization and high activity towards polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Tong Yao , Liu ChenCheng , Huang Zeming , Wang Shaowu , Wang Fenhua
Published: July 2024

A series of difunctionalized rare-earth metal alkyl complexes bearing 1-(2-pyridinyl)-3-(2-benzothiazolyl) indol-2-yl ligand were prepared and applied for polymerization of 2VP with high isotactic selectivity and high molecular weight.
Selective deuteration of pyridine using barium oxide and D2 gas
Authors: Wang Yun , Cai Yongli , Hao Jingai , Li Zhiwei , Cheng Tianyu , Yang Xinping , An Qingda , Guo Jianping
Published: July 2024

We report a transition metal-free barium oxide catalyst for selective deuteration of pyridine using D2 as a D source. The heterolytic dissociation of D2 on BaO plays a key role in the D/H exchange reaction of pyridine.
An experimental and PC-SAFT modeling study of the equilibrium behavior of trimethoxyvinylsilane + CO2 and triethoxyvinylsilane + CO2 mixtures
Authors: Ghoderao Pradnya NP , Lee Hyun-Seok , Byun Hun-Soo
Published: July 2024

Phase behavior of solution mixtures containing trimethoxyvinylsilane and triethoxyvinylsilane in supercritical carbon dioxide under high-pressure conditions.
Stacking-faults and moiré superlattice nucleation within the graphitic layers of partially-collapsed carbon nano-onions filled with γ-Fe: the role of indium isopropoxide as a growth-promoter
Authors: Wu Hansong , Wang Shanling , Gu Aiqun , Boi Filippo S.
Published: July 2024

We report the stabilization of hexagonal moiré-like superlattices in partially-collapsed carbon nano-onions (CNOs) by employing indium-isopropoxide as growth-promoter, during the pyrolysis of ferrocene, dichlorobenzene and sulfur mixtures.
Design and synthesis of 1,2-dihydroquinoline/chromene fused sugar triazole frameworks by copper-catalyzed one-pot click and intramolecular arylation reactions
Authors: Ahemad Mohammed Ansar , Nayak Sabita , Prusty Kamalika , Panigrahi Gopinatha , Mohapatra Suhasini , Mohapatra Seetaram
Published: July 2024

An efficient copper-catalyzed one-pot reaction, facilitated by TMEDA, enables the synthesis of 1,2-dihydroquinoline/chromene fused triazoles with varying sugar functionalities, providing moderate to good yields.
Biopolymer-supramolecular polymer hybrids for photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Kupferberg Jacob E. , Syrgiannis Zois , Đorđević Luka , Bruckner Eric P. , Jaynes Tyler J. , Ha Hakim H. , Qi Evan , Wek Kristen S. , Dannenhoffer Adam J. , Sather Nicholas A. , Fry H. Christopher , Palmer Liam C. , Stupp Samuel I.
Published: July 2024

The solar generation of H2 in hydrogel materials is controlled by mass-diffusion at a length scale where 3D printing could be used to optimize porosity.
Ionic nanoporous membranes from self-assembled liquid crystalline brush-like imidazolium triblock copolymers
Authors: Abeysekera Iyomali , Bosire Reuben , Masese Francis K. , Ndaya Dennis , Kasi Rajeswari M.
Published: July 2024

Ion-conducting nanoporous membranes with high ion exchange capacity and mechanical, thermal and alkaline stability.
Thermo-rheological properties of xanthan solutions: from shear thinning to elasto-viscoplastic behavior
Authors: Missi Elia , Montillet Agnès , Capron Isabelle , Bellettre Jérôme , Burghelea Teodor
Published: July 2024

Past a critical concentration, aqueous solutions of xanthan gum exhibit an elasto-viscoplastic rheological behavior.
Chilling or chemical induction of dormancy release in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) buds is associated with characteristic shifts in metabolite profiles
Authors: Hancock Robert D. , Schulz Elisa , Verrall Susan R. , Taylor June , Méret Michaël , Brennan Rex M. , Bishop Gerard J. , Else Mark , Cross Jerry V. , Simkin Andrew J.
Published: July 2024

This study reveals striking differences in the content and composition of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds in blackcurrant buds (Ribes nigrum L., cv. Ben Klibreck) resulting from winter chill or chemical dormancy release following treatment with ERGER, a biostimulant used to promote uniform bud break. Buds exposed to high winter chill exhibited widespread shifts in metabolite profiles relative to buds that experience winter chill by growth under plastic. Specifically, extensive chilling resulted in significant reductions in storage lipids and phospholipids, and increases in galactolipids relative to buds that experienced lower chill. Similarly, buds exposed to greater chill exhibited higher levels of many amino acids and dipeptides, and nucleotides and nucleotide phosphates than those exposed to lower chilling hours. Low chill buds (IN) subjected to ERGER treatment exhibited shifts in metabolite profiles similar to those resembling high chill buds that were evident as soon as 3 days after treatment. We hypothesise that chilling induces a metabolic shift which primes bud outgrowth by mobilising lipophilic energy reserves, enhancing phosphate availability by switching from membrane phospholipids to galactolipids and enhancing the availability of free amino acids for de novo protein synthesis by increasing protein turnover. Our results additionally suggest that ERGER acts at least in part by priming metabolism for bud outgrowth. Finally, the metabolic differences presented highlight the potential for developing biochemical markers for dormancy status providing an alternative to time-consuming forcing experiments.
Characterization of human aquaporin ion channels in a yeast expression system as a tool for novel ion channel discovery
Authors: Nourmohammadi Saeed , Henderson Sam W. , Ramesh Sunita A. , Yool Andrea J.
Published: July 2024

Aquaporin (AQP) channels found in all domains of life are transmembrane proteins which mediate passive transport of water, glycerol, signaling molecules, metabolites, and charged solutes. Discovery of new classes of ion-conducting AQP channels has been slow, likely reflecting time- and labor-intensive methods required for traditional electrophysiology. Work here defines a sensitive mass-throughput system for detecting AQP ion channels, identified by rescue of cell growth in the K+-transport-defective yeast strain CY162 following genetic complementation with heterologously expressed cation-permeable channels, using the well characterized human AQP1 channel for proof of concept. Results showed AQP1 conferred transmembrane permeability to cations which rescued survival in CY162 yeast. Comprehensive testing showed that growth response properties fully recapitulated AQP1 pharmacological agonist and antagonist profiles for activation, inhibition, dose-dependence, and structure–function relationships, demonstrating validity of the yeast screening tool for AQP channel identification and drug discovery efforts. This method also provided new information on divalent cation blockers of AQP1, pH sensitivity of antagonists, and ion permeability of human AQP6. Site-directed mutagenesis of AQP1 channel regulatory domains confirmed that yeast growth rescue was mediated by the introduced channels. Optical monitoring with a lithium-sensitive photoswitchable probe in living cells independently demonstrated monovalent cation permeability of AQP1 channels in yeast plasma membrane. Ion channel properties of AQP1 expressed in yeast were consistent with those of AQP1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocyte and K+-transport defective Escherichia coli. Outcomes here establish a powerful new approach for efficient screening of phylogenetically diverse AQPs for yet untested functions as cation channels.
Measuring Real-World Talk Time and Locations of People With Aphasia Using Wearable Technology
Authors: Kinsey Laura E. , Cherney Leora R.
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Measuring real-world communication participation of individuals with aphasia is complicated. Historically, this has been estimated through subjective participant or proxy self-report. To address potential inaccuracies, objective measures such as “talk time” have been proposed. Although promising, technological barriers to collecting and quantifying everyday conversations have been documented (e.g., background noise interference, differentiating recorded speakers, and operating Bluetooth applications). This study explored the use of a novel laryngeal sensor and a Global Positioning System (GPS) tracker with the objective of measuring mean talk time per hour and participant locations across three 8-hr days.

Method:

Sixteen participants utilized a wearable laryngeal sensor that captures physiological mechano-acoustic signals wirelessly, without recording speech content. The sensor differentiates speech from other laryngeal movements associated with swallowing and coughing. A GPS tracker was also issued to track daily locations. Semistructured interviews regarding feasibility and acceptability were conducted with participants at the end of the data collection period.

Results:

Across all participants, laryngeal sensor data were collected for a total of 38 days and GPS data for a total of 43 days, with a mean collection period of 8.21 hr (
SD
= 1.38) per day. Mean talk time per hour was 56.46 s (
SD
= 35.27). Participants were tracked at a mean of 2.09 locations daily (range: 1–6). Participants reported the devices were relatively comfortable to wear and easy to use.

Conclusions:

Preliminary findings indicated that talk time of individuals with aphasia is limited, though variable. Higher fluency ratings were related to greater mean talk time per hour and locations tracked. Results suggest wearable technology is feasible to use and acceptable to people with aphasia. In the future, wearable devices may offer innovative ways to measure communication participation.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26237531
No‐Reference High Dynamic Range Omnidirectional Image Quality Metric: From the Perspective of Global and Local Statistical Characteristics
Authors: Yu Rongyao , Yang Fang , Liu Yi , He Jianghui , Pang Qingjiang , Song Yang
Published: July 2024

High dynamic range omnidirectional image (HOI) can provide more real and immersive watching experience for viewers, thus has become an important presentation of virtual reality technology. However, both the system processing and the characteristics of HOI make the design of HOI quality metric (HOIQM) a challenging issue. In this work, considering the difference between whole field of view (FoV) and viewer‐selected viewport, distortion features from both global and local perspectives are extracted, and a blind HOIQM is proposed. Specifically, because different regions have different projections in SSP projection, we have constructed the optimal bivariate response pair in the equatorial region and bipolar region according to their projection direction, and parameters in the BGGD based‐spatial oriented correlation model are extracted as global statistical features. Meanwhile, combined with the visual perception for HOI, the key blocks are determined in equatorial region, and the local statistical characteristics of the key blocks are extracted by analyzing the distribution of multiscale structure information. Finally, the global and local features are regressed by SVR to obtain the final HOI quality. Experimental results on NBU‐HOID database demonstrate that the proposed quality metric is outperformed the existing representative quality metrics and is more consistent with human visual perception for HOI.