bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DOSES DE FÓSFORO, POTÁSSIO E ESPAÇAMENTOS ENTRE LINHAS NA PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTES E FITOMASSA DE GUANDU EM SEMEADURA TARDIA
Authors: BERTOLIN Danila Comelis , SÁ Marco Eustáquio de , BUZETTI Salatiér , COLOMBO Adriana De Souza , OLIVEIRA Letícia Lisboa , TEIXEIRA FILHO Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto
Published: January 2015

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de cinco doses de fósforo e quatro doses de potássio, em dois espaçamentos entre linhas, sobre a produção de sementes e fitomassa de guandu de ciclo curto. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em Selvíria, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, com semeadura em janeiro de 2005. Para a determinar o efeito dos tratamentos foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2 x 5 x 4, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos 30 e 50 cm entre linhas, 0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 0, 30, 60 e 90 kg ha-1 de K2O. O espaçamento de 30 cm entre linhas proporcionou maior produção de sementes e o espaçamento de 50 cm maior altura de plantas e fitomassa.  As adubações com fósforo e potássio foram positivas a todas as variáveis estudadas, sendo em geral as doses em torno de 120 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 60 kg ha-1 de K2O as doses máximas de incremento de produção.
TRATAMENTOS PRÉ-GERMINATIVOS EM SEMENTES DE Mimosa strobiliflora BURKART
Authors: BIONDI Daniela , LEAL Luciana
Published: January 2015

Mimosa strobiliflora Burkart é um arbusto pertencente à família Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) encontrado geralmente às margens de rios. É considerada uma espécie ameaçada de extinção, devido principalmente à alteração de seu local de origem pelo plantio de Pinus spp, que vem ocupando áreas de vegetação nativa do Estado do Paraná. A presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de identificar métodos para superação da dormência de sementes de Mimosa strobiliflora. As sementes foram submetidas aos seguintes tratamentos: T0 = testemunha; T1 = imersão em água à temperatura ambiente (27 °C) por 24 horas; T2 = imersão em água à temperatura ambiente (27 °C) por 48 h; T3 = imersão em água quente a 80 °C e mantida em imersão durante 1 h; T4 = imersão em água quente a 80 °C e mantida em imersão durante 24 h; e T5 = imersão em água quente a 80 °C e mantida em imersão durante 48 h. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos e cinco repetições de 50 sementes, avaliando-se a porcentagem e o índice de velocidade de emergência. Entre os tratamentos para superação de dormência destacaram-se os tratamentos T3, T4 e T5.
MATURAÇÃO DOS FRUTOS DE QUATRO CULTIVARES DE UVAS MUSCADÍNIAS EM PINHAIS, PR
Authors: SACHI Adriana De Toni , BIASI Luiz Antonio
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a evolução da maturação dos frutos de quatro cultivares de uvas muscadínias para determinar o ponto ideal de colheita. O trabalho foi realizado durante o período de março a abril de 2007, com duas cultivares brancas (Dixie e Roanoke) e duas cultivares tintas (Bontiful e Regale) do setor de Fruticultura da Estação Experimental Cangüiri, da Universidade Federal do Paraná, em Pinhais (PR), Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições, formadas por cinco cachos cada. Os cachos foram coletados semanalmente a partir do início da maturação totalizando sete avaliações. As variáveis analisadas foram teor de sólidos solúveis (SS), pH, acidez titulável (AT) e relação SS/AT. Verificou-se que a cultivar Dixie apresentou o maior teor de sólidos solúveis, maior pH, maior relação SS/AT e menor acidez durante a maturação dos frutos. As cultivares tintas apresentaram menor relação SS/AT do que as brancas. As cultivares Dixie e Bontiful foram mais precoces, sendo indicada a colheita 215 dias após a brotação e as cultivares Regale e Roanoke podem ser colhidas no final do mês de abril, com 229 dias após a brotação.
ADAPTABILIDADE E ESTABILIDADE FENOTÍPICA DE CLONES PRECOCES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ
Authors: ZENI NETO Hugo , DAROS Edelclaiton , ZAMBON José Luis Camargo , BESPALHOK FILHO João Carlos , OLIVEIRA Ricardo Augusto de , WEBER Heroldo
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade fenotípica de clones precoces de cana-de-açúcar em 11 locais no estado do Paraná durante 3 safras (33 ambientes). Os locais de instalação dos experimentos foram: Jandaia do Sul, São Pedro do Ivaí, São Tomé, Nova Londrina, Rondon, Jussara, Ibaití, Cidade Gaúcha, Bandeirantes, Paranavaí e lguatemi. Foram utilizados 18 clones precoces RB e duas variedades padrões (RB855156 e RB855453). As unidades experimentais foram compostas por parcelas úteis de quatro sulcos de 8 m, espaçados entre si por 1,40 m; sendo o delineamento utilizado o de blocos ao acaso com 3 repetições. A variável utilizada foi tonelada de pol por hectare (TPH) e o método de avaliação da adaptabilidade e estabilidade foi por análise não-paramétrica. O coeficiente de determinação genotípica para o caráter avaliado foi de alta magnitude (70%). Na série estudada os clones mais estáveis e produtivos foram RB925211, RB946903 e RB956911 tanto para ambientes favoráveis como desfavoráveis. Alguns clones apresentaram adaptação específica para ambientes favoráveis ou para ambientes desfavoráveis.
PROPOSTA DE ESCALA DIAGRAMÁTICA PARA QUANTIFICAÇÃO DA CERCOSPORIOSE DA BETERRABA
Authors: MAY DE MIO Louise Larissa , OLIVEIRA Ricardo Augusto de , Veiga FLORIANI Andrea Mayer , SCHUBER Joselia Maria , POLTRONIERI Alex Sandro , ARAUJO Marla Alessandra de ARAUJO , TRACH Renato
Published: January 2015

A cercosporiose (Cercospora beticola) esta presente praticamente em todos os lugares onde se cultiva beterraba (Beta vulgaris), podendo provocar perda de rendimento de açúcar de até 40%. O objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar e validar uma escala diagramática para esta doença. Para elaboração da escala diagramática foram coletadas, aleatoriamente, 95 folhas de beterraba, na região Metropolitana de Curitiba, PR. Considerou-se a máxima e mínima proporção de área foliar lesionada e os níveis intermediários de severidade foram determinados seguindo a "Lei do estímulo de Weber e Fechner". A validação foi realizada a partir de 35 folhas de beterraba com diferentes níveis de severidade, sem e posteriormente com o auxílio da escala diagramática proposta. O uso da escala proporcionou maior acurácia e precisão das estimativas visuais, sendo indicada em estudos epidemiológicos e poderá proporcionar informações mais adequadas para estabelecer estratégias de manejo para a cercospora da beterraba.
ARBORIZAÇÃO DOS BAIRROS PINHEIROS, BRASÍLIA E BANCÁRIOS EM PATO BRANCO/PR
Authors: SILVA Lenir Maristela , RODIGHIERO Denielly Arruda , HASSE Ionete , CADORIN Danielle Acco
Published: January 2015

Uma das questões que eleva a qualidade de vida nas cidades é a proporção de árvores implantadas. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar os resultados de um inventário realizado nos bairros Bancários, Brasília e Pinheiros em Pato Branco/PR. Os dados coletados foram: identificação da espécie; altura do indivíduo; altura da primeira bifurcação; condições das raízes em relação ás calçadas; presença ou não de fiação elétrica; e a dimensão da área livre. A área inventariada apresenta a predominância de Ligustrum lucidum (42%) e Lagerstroemia indica (19%) e também uma baixa diversidade de espécies nos bairros Bancários e Brasília, enquanto que no bairro Pinheiros observou-se maior diversidade. Há falta de identidade arbórea nos três bairros, tanto no que se refere ao planejamento da paisagem de cada rua, quanto à presença de espécies nativas. Os resultados demonstram o predomínio de espécies (59%) e indivíduos (81,3%) exóticos nos três bairros. Encontram-se na lista das espécies exóticas invasoras no estado do Paraná 13,6% das espécies. Dentre os conflitos entre a arborização e a área viária destaca-se o predomínio de pequena área livre e o fato da maioria das primeiras bifurcações ser inferior a 1,80 m.
GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES ARMAZENADAS DE CUBIU SOB DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE LUZ
Authors: STEFANELLO Suzana , CHRISTOFFOLI Patrícia , FRANTZ Gracieli , ROCHA Andressa Camilo de Souza , SILVA Jaqueline Manzatti da , STEFANELLO Raquel , SCHUELTER Adilson Ricken
Published: January 2015

O cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) é uma espécie nativa da região amazônica que tem se expandido além do seu centro de origem. A planta possui potencial para a agroindústria devido a alta produtividade de frutos e acúmulo de altos níveis de ferro, niacina e ácido cítrico. Atualmente, há grande quantidade de informações sobre suas características culinárias, nutricionais e medicinais. Por outro lado, são relativamente escassas informações sobre exigências quanto ao processo germinativo como, por exemplo, sobre a qualidade de luz, a qual tem grande influência na germinação de sementes de tamanho pequeno. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes condições de luz sobre a germinação das sementes de S. sessiliflorum Dunal variedade ‘Santa Luzia’, acondicionadas em embalagem de papel Kraft e armazenadas em geladeira (± 4 ºC) por seis meses. Foram testadas quatro condições de luz: branca, vermelha, vermelha extrema e ausência de luz. A intensidade luminosa foi produzida por quatro lâmpadas fluorescentes (20 W) fixadas internamente na porta do germinador. As condições de luz foram obtidas através da cobertura, com papel celofane, de caixas do tipo gerbox, onde se procedeu a semeadura. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento e massa seca de plântulas. As sementes de cubiu germinaram em todas as condições de luz, entretanto maiores porcentagens de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação e comprimento de plântulas ocorreram sob luz vermelha e vermelha extrema.
VALOR CULTURAL DE SEMENTES DE AGAPANTOS APÓS CLASSIFICAÇÃO EM SOPRADOR DE SEMENTES
Authors: PEREIRA Gabriely Pinto , CARVALHO Ruy Inacio Neiva de
Published: January 2015

O agapantos (Agapanthus africanus) é uma espécie ornamental de ampla utilização no Sul do Brasil. Sua multiplicação comercial é realizada assexuadamente, porém a planta produz muitas sementes que também podem ser utilizadas na sua reprodução. Este trabalho objetivou determinar o valor cultural de sementes de agapantos, após a classificação em soprador de sementes, visando a utilização da semente para propagação dessa espécie. As sementes foram coletadas em Curitiba e analisadas no Laboratório de Técnica de Sementes da PUCPR. As sementes coletadas foram divididas em seis amostras de 15 g. Uma amostra não foi soprada e as demais foram submetidas à ventilação em cinco aberturas do aparelho (1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; e 3,5) durante 30 segundos. A parte da amostra que não foi levada pela corrente de ar foi submetida à análise de pureza física, e com a porção de sementes puras foi realizado o teste de germinação, sobre papel em germinador a 25 °C, avaliando quatro repetições de 100 sementes cada. A avaliação da germinação foi realizada aos 11 dias após instalação do teste. O benefício da operação de separação de sementes foi avaliado pelo valor cultural de cada amostra. O aumento da corrente de ar aumentou a proporção de sementes puras da amostra e a germinação das sementes. O soprador de sementes foi eficiente para a separação, aumentando em até 174,8% o valor cultural das sementes do lote. O tratamento na abertura de 3,5 proporcionou germinação de 84,3%, pureza de 93,3% e valor cultural de 78,6%.
SELEÇÃO PARA PRODUTIVIDADE, ESTABILIDADE E ADAPTABILIDADE DE CLONES DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR EM TRÊS AMBIENTES NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ VIA MODELOS MISTOS
Authors: ZENI-NETO Hugo , OLIVEIRA Ricardo Augusto de , DAROS Edelclaiton , BESPALHOK FILHO João Carlos , ZAMBON José Luis Camargo , IDO Oswaldo Teruyo , WEBER Heroldo
Published: January 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos e selecionar clones de cana-de-açúcar na fase T3 no estado do Paraná, utilizando a metodologia REML/BLUP. O trabalho foi realizado em três ambientes de produção no Estado do Paraná (Colorado, Paranavaí e Mandaguaçú), em fase T3 com 236, 243 e 202 clones, respectivamente, e duas variedades padrões (RB72454 e RB835486). O experimento foi em blocos aumentados com duas repetições, sendo a variável analisada toneladas de brix por hectare (TBH). Os clones foram selecionados via modelos mistos, utilizando o critério MHPRVG (média harmônica da performance relativa dos valores genéticos preditos). Os clones mais adaptados, estáveis e produtivos pela metodologia MHPRVG foram: RB9371, RB975245 e RB975316. O uso do critério MHVG (média harmônica dos valores genéticos) deve ser empregado com cautela quando se faz seleção para estabilidade e produtividade em experimentos desbalanceados, isto é, quando todos os clones não estão presentes em todos os ambientes testados.
OCORRÊNCIA DE COCCINELÍDEOS PREDADORES EM POMARES DE NECTARINA NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAUCÁRIA, PARANÁ.
Authors: ZAWADNEAK Maria Aparecida Cassilha , SCHUBER Joselia Maria , POLTRONIERI Alex Sandro , CARDOSO Nério Aparecido
Published: January 2015

Com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência de espécies de coccinelídeos predadores em pomares de nectarina (Prunus persica var. Nucipersica), no município de Araucária, PR, foram instaladas 24 armadilhas amarelas do tipo Möericke, em dois pomares de nectarina ‘Bruna’, entre os meses de setembro e dezembro de 2006, compreendendo as fases de floração, desenvolvimento, maturação e colheita dos frutos. Semanalmente, os exemplares foram coletados e identificados. Foram encontradas as espécies: Harmonia axyridis, Cycloneda sanguinea, Hyppodamia convergens e Cycloneda pulchella
ENRAIZAMENTO DE ESTACAS DE Ficus benjamina L.
Authors: BORTOLINI Michele Fernanda , LIMA Daniela Macedo de , ALCÂNTARA Giovana Bomfim de , FANTI Fernanda Pereira , BIASI Luiz Antonio , QUOIRIN Marguerite , KOEHLER Henrique Soares , ZUFFELLATO-RIBAS Katia Christina
Published: January 2015

Ficus benjamina L. (Moraceae) tem sido muito utilizada para ornamentação devido suas folhas serem perenes e brilhantes e por ser adaptável em ambientes internos com pouca iluminação. Como a principal forma de reprodução deste gênero é a propagação vegetativa, este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de ácido naftaleno acético (ANA) no enraizamento de estacas caulinares e de gema com folha de F. benjamina. Os experimentos foram realizados na UFPR em Curitiba – PR, entre abril e junho de 2005, com estacas caulinares confeccionadas com 10 cm de comprimento, contendo duas folhas apicais e estacas de gema com folha de 1 cm do caule contendo uma gema e uma folha inteira. As estacas, submetidas a tratamento com ANA nas concentrações de 500 e 1000 mg L-1 por 10 segundos e testemunha, foram plantadas em tubetes contendo vermiculita, e mantidas em casa-de-vegetação durante 56 dias. Avaliaram-se as porcentagens de estacas enraizadas, com calos, vivas e mortas, número e comprimento médio das raízes. Para estacas caulinares  houve diferença estatística nas variáveis estacas enraizadas e comprimento médio de raiz, e para estacas de gema com folha, houve diferença significativa apenas no parâmetro comprimento de raiz. Assim para estacas caulinares sugere-se o uso de 500 mg L-1 de ANA, enquanto que para estacas de gema com folhas não é necessária a aplicação deste fitorregulador.
CARACTERÍSTICAS FISIOLÓGICAS DE CLONES DE BATATA-DOCE
Authors: CARDOSO Adriana Dias , VIANA Anselmo Eloy Silveira , MATSUMOTO Sylvana Naomi , MELO Thiago Lima , MORAIS Otoniel Magalhães , VASCONCELOS Ramon Correia de
Published: January 2015

Com o objetivo de avaliar as características fisiológicas de clones de batata-doce em Vitória da Conquista – BA este experimento foi conduzido, composto por 16 clones oriundos de Janaúba- MG, Viçosa – MG, Bom Jardim de Minas – MG, Gurupi – TO, Santo Antônio da Platina – PR, Holambra II – SP, Vitória da Conquista – BA e Condeúba – BA. Utilizou-se um delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 16 tratamentos e 3 repetições, dividido em 3 blocos. Avaliaram-se as seguintes características: potencial hídrico foliar, teor relativo de água, teor de prolina livre e teor de clorofila total. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Scott-Knott a 5% de probabilidade. Não foram constatadas diferenças do potencial hídrico e teor relativo de água entre os clones estudados. Entretanto, para o teor de prolina foi possível separar os clones de batata-doce em dois grupos distintos, destacando-se com os valores mais elevados os clones 7, 9, 19, 25, 29, 30, 38, 44 e 100. Houve correlação negativa entre o teor relativo de água e o potencial hídrico medido às 5:00 e 12:00 horas. O teor de clorofila correlacionou-se positivamente com prolina.
POTENCIAL DE USO AGRÍCOLA E FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL DA MICROBACIA DO RIO CAMPESTRE, COLOMBO – PR
Authors: SOARES Marcia Regina Gomes de Jesus , MELLEK Jose Elias , ORRUTÉA Alessandro Góis , KUMMER Larissa , NUNES Tiago , BARROS Yara Jurema de , ANDRETTA Ronei , FAVARETTO Nerilde , SOUZA Luiz Cláudio de Paula
Published: January 2015

O uso da terra de acordo com sua potencialidade é fundamental na implantação de sistemas agrícolas baseados na sustentabilidade ambiental. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo aplicar e comparar os sistemas de Aptidão Agrícola das Terras (SAA), Capacidade de Uso (SCU) e Fragilidade Ambiental (FA) em conjunto com a Legislação Ambiental na microbacia do rio Campestre – Colombo – PR para determinar seu potencial de uso agrícola. Estas metodologias podem ser utilizadas para avaliação e planejamento do uso adequado do solo para fins produtivos e de preservação ambiental. Para tanto foi utilizado o software SPRING elaborado pelo INPE, sendo a ferramenta LEGAL a base para a elaboração dos mapas. O conflito de uso indica que apenas 15% da microbacia, média dos sistemas de aptidão agrícola e capacidade de uso das terras, está super utilizada, e que aproximadamente 50% da área está de acordo com a recomendação. Este estudo também mostrou que 15% da microbacia deve estar preservada com mata ciliar e que 26% desta área de preservação permanente precisa ser recuperada para atender à legislação ambiental. Os resultados da fragilidade ambiental (potencial e emergente) mostram que a microbacia possui naturalmente um potencial favorável à degradação devido à alta declividade da região e aos solos pouco desenvolvidos. No entanto, a cobertura vegetal presente na microbacia (43% de vegetação arbórea natural, 17% de vegetação arbórea plantada e 25% de pastagem) contribui de forma positiva diminuindo a fragilidade ambiental.
Does varicocele correction lead to normalization of preoperatively elevated mean platelet volume levels?
Authors: Coban Soner , Keles Ibrahim , Biyik Ismail , Guzelsoy Muhammed , Turkoglu Ali Riza , Ocak Nihal
Published: January 2015

Introduction: There are several studies on the relationship between increased mean platelet volume (MPV) and varicocele. We investigated the relationship between preoperative and 6-month postoperative MPV values in patients whose varicocele was corrected with surgery.Methods: A total of 282 patients underwent surgery at our urology clinic between December 2011 and December 2013 for primary varicocele. We retrospectively examined the records of 61 patients who came to the 6-month postoperative follow-up. The preoperative varicocele diagnosis was made with physical examination findings and supported with colour Doppler ultrasonography.Results: The varicocele was grade I in 12 patients, grade II in 34 patients and grade III in 11 patients. When the preoperative and 6-month postoperative haemoglobin (Hb), MPV, mean corpuscular volume, platelet, and platelet distribution width (PDW) values were compared, there was a significant decrease in MPV (p = 0.019), and a significant increase in Hb (p < 0.001). A noticeable increase was also present in PDW, but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.058).Conclusion: We found that MPV increased in patients with varicocele and tended to decrease again after the varicocele was surgicallycorrected. However, we feel larger prospective series are needed.
Les aspects historiques de la qualification de la prescription en droit international privé
Authors: Motulsky-Falardeau Antoine
Published: January 2015

Cet article explore la qualification de la prescription sous un angle historique. Le but de l’auteur est de mettre en lumière les raisons ayant mené à l’adoption de l’article 3131 du Code civil du Québec et d’inviter à s’inspirer de ces raisons pour mieux décrire l’objet de la prescription. L’idée selon laquelle la prescription n’affecterait que la procédure en posant un obstacle au droit d’action a été abandonnée en droit international privé en raison de son artificialité et de l’injustice qu’elle est susceptible de provoquer. De plus, la confusion qui émaille l’histoire de cette qualification n’a rien pour favoriser la sécurité juridique. L’auteur suggère de réviser la dichotomie droit — action de manière à ce que les concepts choisis diminuent et non augmentent les risques d’injustice dans les litiges présentant un élément d’extranéité.
Remembering Public, Political Events: A Cross‐Cultural and ‐Sectional Examination of Australian and Japanese Public Memories
Authors: Stone Charles B. , Luminet Olivier , Takahashi Masanobu
Published: January 2015

We examined and compared the initiating conditions of flashbulb memory (FBM) confidence and event memory accuracy across two different, yet similar public, political events occurring in two different countries: Australia and Japan. To do so, we seized upon the occurrence of two politically important events: the resignation of the Japanese and Australian Prime Ministers in June 2010. In a series of mean and correlation analyses, we concluded that different factors may determine event memory accuracy and FBM confidence across cultures. In particular, the way different cultures emotionally appraise and rehearse the event, their attitude toward the political parties/their political involvement and self‐construal may have important implications for how individuals accurately remember the event and the confidence they hold for their memories of the context when learning of the event. We discuss avenues of future research to better understand the extent to which cultural differences drove these results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐HLA antibody testing in hematology patients
Authors: Peña Jeremy Ryan A. , Saidman Susan L.
Published: January 2015

Anti‐human leukocyte antigens (HLA) antibodies can adversely impact the care of hematology patients. In particular, HLA antibody testing provides important information for optimal stem cell and platelet donor selection in the management of stem cell recipients and platelet refractory patients. Current testing methods for HLA antibodies are briefly reviewed, with particular emphasis on laboratory and clinical issues associated with solid‐phase multiplex assays. Am. J. Hematol. 90:361–364, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photoaffinity Probes for Identification of Carbohydrate‐Binding Proteins
Authors: Sakurai Kaori
Published: January 2015

Carbohydrate‐protein interactions mediate cellular signals, which are crucial in a diverse array of biological and pathological processes. Despite their importance, many carbohydrate‐protein interactions remain unknown due to inherent difficulties in studying them. With the aim to provide the first step in elucidating the biological roles of carbohydrates, photoaffinity labeling has been used as a promising chemical strategy for the detection and identification of carbohydrate‐binding proteins in their native environment. Recent efforts in the design of carbohydrate‐based photoaffinity probes include the use of selective photoreactive groups, development of biotinylated photoreactive groups and linkers, multivalent carbohydrate ligands, affinity‐based protein profiling probes, and photoreactive monosaccharide precursors for metabolic glycan labeling. These methods offer new tools to address challenges associated in capturing the often elusive carbohydrate‐protein interactions.
Stereoselektive Synthese und Reaktionen von in Position 3 funktionalisierten sekundären Alkyllithiumverbindungen
Authors: Moriya Kohei , Didier Dorian , Simon Meike , Hammann Jeffrey M. , Berionni Guillaume , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Zipse Hendrik , Mayr Herbert , Knochel Paul
Published: January 2015

In Position 3 mit einer OTBS‐Gruppe funktionalisierte sekundäre Alkyllithiumreagentien können stereokonvergent durch einen I/Li‐Austausch aus einer Diastereomerenmischung der entsprechenden sekundären Alkyliodide hergestellt werden. Diese Lithiumreagentien reagieren mit einer Bandbreite an Elektrophilen, einschließlich Kohlenstoffelektrophilen, unter hoher Retention der Konfiguration und bieten Zugang zu verschiedenen 1,3‐difunktionalisierten Derivaten mit guter Diastereoselektivität. Kinetische Studien zeigen, dass die 3‐Siloxygruppe die Epimerisierung des Lithium‐substituierten Kohlenstoffatoms stark beschleunigt. Diese Methode bietet einen neuen Weg hin zu chiralen offenkettigen Molekülen mit exzellenter Stereoselektivität.
Dreidimensional gedruckte, zellbeladene Konstrukte aus Spinnenseide
Authors: Schacht Kristin , Jüngst Tomasz , Schweinlin Matthias , Ewald Andrea , Groll Jürgen , Scheibel Thomas
Published: January 2015

Biofabrikation ist ein aufstrebendes Forschungsgebiet, in dem additive Fertigungsverfahren eingesetzt werden. Dabei werden hierarchische, gewebeähnliche Strukturen durch Kombination von Zellen, Material und Druckprozess hergestellt. Materialien, die druckbar und zugleich zytokompatibel sind (Biotinten) stellen derzeit den größten Engpass dar. Da rekombinante Spinnenseidenproteine zytokompatibel und nicht immunogen sind sowie physikalisch vernetzt werden können, wurde hier ihr Potenzial als neues Biotintensystem analysiert. Zellbeladene Konstrukte aus Spinnenseide können durch robotergesteuerte Dosierung, ohne zusätzliche Vernetzer oder Verdicker, gedruckt werden. Fibroblasten können mindestens eine Woche in diesen Konstrukten überleben, adhärieren und proliferieren. Die Einführung von Zelladhäsionsdomänen in die Spinnenseidenproteine ermöglicht die zusätzliche Steuerung von Zell‐Material‐Interaktionen. Hydrogele aus Spinnenseide sind damit eine vielversprechende neue Biotinte für die Biofabrikation.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Reactions of Secondary Alkyllithium Reagents Functionalized at the 3‐Position
Authors: Moriya Kohei , Didier Dorian , Simon Meike , Hammann Jeffrey M. , Berionni Guillaume , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Zipse Hendrik , Mayr Herbert , Knochel Paul
Published: January 2015

Secondary alkyllithium reagents bearing an OTBS group (TBS=tert‐butyldimethylsilyl) at the 3‐position can be prepared stereoconvergently through an I/Li exchange from a diastereomeric mixture of the corresponding secondary alkyl iodides. These lithium reagents react with a range of electrophiles, including carbon electrophiles, with retention of configuration to yield various 1,3‐difunctionalized derivatives with good diastereoselectivities. Kinetic studies show that the 3‐siloxy group strongly accelerates the epimerization at the lithium‐substituted carbon atom. This method offers a new way to construct chiral open‐chain molecules with excellent stereoselectivity.
Electrically controllable perchlorate removal based on poly(aniline‐co‐o‐aminophenol) doped with p‐toluene sulfonate
Authors: Dai Jiangying , Tao Yongxin , Gu Xiaogang , Liu Zhong , Kong Yong , Liu Wenjie , Ma Jianfeng , Wei Yong
Published: January 2015

Poly(aniline‐co‐o‐aminophenol) (PANOA) was synthesized via electrochemical copolymerization of o‐aminophenol and aniline using p‐toluene sulfonate (TSA−) as the counterion. The redox transformation of PANOA is accompanied by the exchange of anions into and out of the copolymer, and the feasibility of perchlorate (ClO4−) removal via an electrically switched ion exchange process was evaluated in this study. The results of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated the successful release of TSA− upon reduction and uptake of ClO4− upon reoxidation of the copolymer. Also, in this work, the possible ion‐exchange mechanism of PANOA was proposed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41895.
Pinning Synchronization in Networked Lagrangian Systems
Authors: Ma Mihua , Zhou Jin , Cai Jianping
Published: January 2015

This paper investigates the synchronization problem of networked Lagrangian systems based on pinning control framework on complex networks. We propose a pinning algorithm to guarantee the controlled synchronization of networked identical Lagrangian systems by applying local linear feedback injections to a small fraction of nodes. We also present some simple yet generic criteria on pinning synchronization for such an algorithm over undirected connected graphs, where all the agents are regulated to follow a synchronization state. Furthermore, the pinning controllability in networked Lagrangian systems is also discussed. Compared with some existing works on networked Lagrangian systems, the distinctive advantages of the proposed pinning algorithm include: (i) independence on the knowledge of system models; (ii) explicit consideration of agent's intrinsic complex dynamics; and (iii) simplicity of implement procedure in practice. Subsequently, the results are illustrated by a typical Lagrangian network composing of eight two‐link revolute manipulators. Numerical simulations with different kinds of pinning schemes are finally given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.
Combined hypoxia and sodium nitrite pretreatment for cardiomyocyte protection in vitro
Authors: Hsieh Anne , Feric Nicole T. , Radisic Milica
Published: January 2015

Methods that increase cardiomyocyte survival upon exposure to ischemia, hypoxia and reoxygenation injuries are required to improve the efficacy of cardiac cell therapy and enhance the viability and function of engineered tissues. We investigated the effect of combined hypoxia/NaNO2 pretreatment on rat neonatal cardiomyocyte (CM), cardiac fibroblast, and human embryonic stem cell‐derived CM (hESC‐CM) survival upon exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury in vitro. Cells were pretreated with and without hypoxia and/or various concentrations of NaNO2 for 20 min, then incubated for 2 h under hypoxic conditions, followed by 2 h in normoxia. The control cells were maintained under normoxia for 4 h. Pretreatment with either hypoxia or NaNO2 significantly increased CM viability but had no effect on cardiac fibroblast viability. Combined hypoxia/NaNO2 pretreatment significantly increased CM viability but significantly decreased cardiac fibroblast viability. In rat neonatal CMs, cell death, as determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, was significantly reduced with hypoxia/NaNO2 pretreatment; and in hESC‐CMs, hypoxia/NaNO2 pretreatment increased the BCL‐2/BAX gene expression ratio, suggesting that hypoxia/NaNO2 pretreatment promotes cell viability by downregulating apoptosis. Additionally, we found a correlation between the prosurvival effect of hypoxia/NaNO2 pretreatment and the myoglobin content of the cells by comparing neonatal rat ventricular and atrial CMs, which express high and low myoglobin respectively. Functionally, hypoxia/NaNO2 pretreatment significantly improved the excitation threshold upon H/R injury to the level observed for uninjured cells, whereas pretreatment did not affect the maximum capture rate. Hence, hypoxia/NaNO2 pretreatment may serve as a strategy to increase CM survival in cardiac regenerative therapy applications and tissue engineering. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:482–492, 2015
Production and characterization of active recombinant interleukin‐12/eGFP fusion protein in stably‐transfected DF1 chicken cells
Authors: Wu Hsing Chieh , Chen Yu San , Shen Pin Chun , Shien Jui Hung , Lee Long Huw , Chiu Hua Hsien
Published: January 2015

The adjuvant activity of chicken interleukin‐12 (chIL‐12) protein has been described as similar to that of mammalian IL‐12. Recombinant chIL‐12 can be produced using several methods, but chIL‐12 production in eukaryotic cells is lower than that in prokaryotic cells. Stimulating compounds, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), can be added to animal cell cultures to overcome this drawback. In this study, we constructed a cell line, DF1/chIL‐12 which stably expressed a fusion protein, chIL‐12 and enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) connected by a (G4S)3 linker sequence. Fusion protein production was increased when cells were cultured in the presence of DMSO. When 1 × 106 DF1/chIL‐12 cells were inoculated in a T‐175 flask containing 30 mL of media, incubated for 15 h, and further cultivated in the presence of 4% DMSO for 48 h, the production of total fusion protein was mostly enhanced compared with the production of total fusion protein by using cell lysates induced with DMSO at other concentrations. The concentrations of the unpurified and purified total fusion proteins in cell lysates were 2,781 ± 2.72 ng mL−1 and 2,207 ± 3.28 ng mL−1, respectively. The recovery rate was 79%. The fusion protein stimulated chicken splenocytes to produce IFN‐γ, which was measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, in the culture supernatant, indicating that treating DF1/chIL‐12 cells with DMSO or producing chIL‐12 in a fusion protein form does not have adverse effects on the bioactivity of chIL‐12. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 31:641–649, 2015
Can We Shift and/or Broaden the Catalysis Regime towards Ambient Temperature?
Authors: Gopinath Chinnakonda S. , Roy Kanak , Nagarajan Sankaranarayanan
Published: January 2015

An attempt was made to shift the temperature regime of oxidation catalysis towards ambient temperatures by employing surface modification (SM) as a handle. Systematic SM of Pd(1 1 1) was performed by O‐atom diffusion into the subsurfaces. Virgin and modified Pd(1 1 1) catalysts were evaluated for CO oxidation. Typical CO poisoning observed on virgin surfaces was partially lifted, and ambient CO oxidation was observed on the modified surfaces. CO oxidation was followed by the molecular beam method and near‐ambient pressure (NAP) photoelectron spectroscopy under different pressure regimes. UV valence band spectral analysis of the SM and the CO+O2 reaction on modified Pd(1 1 1) surfaces under NAP conditions demonstrated changes in the electronic structures of the surfaces with a change in surface potential by 0.35 eV and directly probed CO2 formation under the reaction conditions. Supported metal catalysts may be subjected to SM and evaluated for a shift in the catalysis regime for many different reactions.
Well‐Defined Single‐Site Monohydride Silica‐Supported Zirconium from Azazirconacyclopropane
Authors: Hamzaoui Bilel , Eter Mohamad El , Abou‐hamad Edy , Chen Yin , Pelletier Jérémie D. A. , Basset Jean‐Marie
Published: January 2015

The silica‐supported azazirconacyclopropane SiOZr(HNMe2)(η2‐NMeCH2)(NMe2) (1) leads exclusively under hydrogenolysis conditions (H2, 150 °C) to the single‐site monopodal monohydride silica‐supported zirconium species SiOZr(HNMe2)(NMe2)2H (2). Reactivity studies by contacting compound 2 with ethylene, hydrogen/ethylene, propene, or hydrogen/propene, at a temperature of 200 °C revealed alkene hydrogenation.
Subcomponent Self‐Assembly of a 4 nm M4L6 Tetrahedron with ZnII Vertices and Perylene Bisimide Dye Edges
Authors: Frischmann Peter D. , Kunz Valentin , Stepanenko Vladimir , Würthner Frank
Published: January 2015

Formation of a tetrahedron with >4 nm perylene bisimide (PBI) dye edges and ZnII vertices in a one‐pot 22 component self‐assembly reaction is reported. The luminescent polyhedron equilibrates to a Zn2L3 helicate and disassembles upon dilution. Insights into the subcomponent self‐assembly of extended PBI ligands help to refine design rules for constructing large photofunctional metallosupramolecular hosts.
Reactions of Group 4 Metallocenes with Monosubstituted Acetonitriles: Keteniminate Formation versus CC Coupling
Authors: Becker Lisanne , Haehnel Martin , Spannenberg Anke , Arndt Perdita , Rosenthal Uwe
Published: January 2015

The reactions of the Group 4 metallocene dichlorides [Cp′2MCl2] (1 a: M=Ti, Cp′=Cp*=η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, 1 b: M=Zr, Cp′=Cp=η5‐cyclopentadienyl) with lithiated MesCH2CN gave [Cp*2TiCl(N=C=C(HMes))] (3; Mes=mesityl) in the case of 1 a. For compound 1 b, a nitrile–nitrile coupling resulted in a five‐membered bridge in 4. The reaction of the metallocene alkyne complex [Cp*2Zr(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)] (2) with PhCH2CN led in the first step to the unstable product [Cp*2Zr(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)(NCCH2Ph)] (5). After the elimination of the alkyne, a mixture of products was formed. By variation of the solvent and the reaction temperature, three compounds were isolated: a diazadiene complex 6, a bis(keteniminate) complex 7, and 8 with a keteniminate ligand and a five‐membered metallacycle. Subsequent variation of the Cp ligand and the metal center by using [Cp2Zr] and [Cp*2Ti] with Me3SiC2SiMe3 in the reactions with PhCH2CN gave complex mixtures.
Synthesis, Bioactivity, Docking and Molecular Dynamics Studies of Furan‐Based Peptides as 20S Proteasome Inhibitors
Authors: Sun Qi , Xu Bo , Niu Yan , Xu Fengrong , Liang Lei , Wang Chao , Yu Jiapei , Yan Gang , Wang Wei , Jin Hongwei , Xu Ping
Published: January 2015

Proteasome inhibitors are promising compounds for a number of therapies, including cardiovascular and eye diseases, diabetes, and cancers. We previously reported a series of furan‐based peptidic inhibitors with moderate potencies against the proteasome β5 subunit, hypothesizing that the C‐terminal furyl ketone motif could form a covalent bond with the catalytic residue, threonine 1. In this context, we describe further optimizations of the furan‐based peptides, and a series of dipeptidic and tripeptidic inhibitors were designed and synthesized, aiming at improved potency and better solubility. Most of the tripeptidic inhibitors demonstrated improved potency and selectivity as β5 subunit inhibitors in both enzymatic and cellular assays, and good antineoplastic activities in various tumor cell lines were also observed. However, no inhibitory effects were observed for the dipeptidic compounds, which led us to presume that a noncovalent binding mode is adopted. Docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to verify this presumption, with results showing that the distance between the furyl ketone motif and Thr1 is slightly too long to form covalent bond.
EZH2 expression is a prognostic factor in childhood intracranial ependymoma: A Canadian Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium study
Authors: Li Amanda M. , Dunham Christopher , Tabori Uri , Carret Anne‐Sophie , McNeely P. Daniel , Johnston Donna , Lafay‐Cousin Lucie , Wilson Beverly , Eisenstat David D. , Jabado Nada , Zelcer Shayna , Silva Mariana , Scheinemann Katrin , Fryer Christopher , Hendson Glenda , Fotovati Abbas , Hawkins Cynthia , Yip Stephen , Dunn Sandra E. , Hukin Juliette
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

The cure rate for childhood intracranial ependymoma is approximately 70% in the setting of a gross total resection followed by radiation, but management remains challenging in patients with residual disease. Therefore, robust biomarkers are needed to guide the development of new targeted therapy. The authors evaluated the expression of several biomarkers in pediatric intracranial ependymoma and observed that the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a polycomb complex protein involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression, was independently associated with poor survival.

METHODS

Tissue microarray immunostaining was performed on 180 ependymoma samples from 12 of 16 Canadian pediatric centers. Expression levels of EZH2, Ki‐67, B lymphoma Moloney‐murine leukemia virus insertion region 1 homolog, tumor protein 16 (P16), Y‐box binding protein 1, phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT), and epidermal growth factor receptor were evaluated. Cox regression analyses were performed, and the Kaplan‐Meier method was used to construct survival curves.

RESULTS

EZH2 expressed in 16% of tumors was associated with inferior 5‐year overall survival. Ki‐67 and pAKT levels were associated with a poor outcome in patients with posterior fossa ependymoma, and the absence of P16 was associated with a poor outcome in patients with supratentorial ependymoma. Multivariate analysis revealed that younger age and EZH2 expression (95% confidence interval, 1.1‐36.0) were independent markers of a poor prognosis.

CONCLUSIONS

EZH2 is a novel, independent marker of a poor prognosis in patients with ependymoma, especially in those who have tumors located in the posterior fossa. EZH2, pAKT, and P16 are potential therapeutic targets, particularly for patients who have tumors in which standard gross total resection plus fractionated radiotherapy is not feasible. Cancer 2015;121:1499–1507. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Clinical outcomes of patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Safety and efficacy in a worldwide treatment‐use trial of sunitinib
Authors: Reichardt Peter , Kang Yoon‐Koo , Rutkowski Piotr , Schuette Jochen , Rosen Lee S. , Seddon Beatrice , Yalcin Suayib , Gelderblom Hans , Williams Charles C. , Fumagalli Elena , Biasco Guido , Hurwitz Herbert I. , Kaiser Pamela E. , Fly Kolette , Matczak Ewa , Chen Liang , Lechuga Maria José , Demetri George D.
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

The objectives of this study were to provide sunitinib to patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) who were otherwise unable to obtain it and to collect broad safety and efficacy data from a large population of patients with advanced GIST after imatinib failure. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00094029).

METHODS

Imatinibresistant/ intolerant patients with advanced GIST received sunitinib on an initial dosing schedule of 50 mg daily in 6‐week cycles (4 weeks on treatment, 2 weeks off treatment). Tumor assessment frequency was according to local practice, and response was assessed by investigators according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.0. Overall survival (OS) and safety were assessed regularly. Post hoc analyses evaluated different patterns of treatment management.

RESULTS

At final data cutoff, 1124 patients comprised the intent‐to‐treat population, and 15% of these patients had a baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥2. The median treatment duration was 7.0 months. The median time to tumor progression was 8.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.0‐9.4 months), the median OS was 16.6 months (95% CI, 14.9‐18.0 months), and 36% of patients were alive at the time of analysis. Patients for whom the initial dosing schedule was modified exhibited longer median OS (23.5 months) than those who were treated strictly according to the initial dosing schedule (11.1 months). The most common treatment‐related grade 3 and 4 adverse events were hand‐foot syndrome (11%), fatigue (9%), neutropenia (8%), hypertension (7%), and thrombocytopenia (6%). Treatment‐related adverse events associated with cardiac function (eg, congestive heart failure and myocardial infarction) were reported at frequencies of ≤1% each.

CONCLUSIONS

This treatment‐use study confirms the long‐term safety and efficacy of sunitinib in a large international population of patients with advanced GIST after imatinib failure. Cancer 2015;121:1405–1413. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Flat epithelial atypia and risk of breast cancer: A Mayo cohort study
Authors: Said Samar M. , Visscher Daniel W. , Nassar Aziza , Frank Ryan D. , Vierkant Robert A. , Frost Marlene H. , Ghosh Karthik , Radisky Derek C. , Hartmann Lynn C. , Degnim Amy C.
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Based on its cytologic features, and its co‐occurrence with atypical hyperplasia and breast cancer, flat epithelial atypia (FEA) has been proposed as a precursor lesion on the pathway to the development of breast cancer. It is often referred to as an “atypical” or high‐risk lesion. However, to the authors' knowledge, the long‐term risk of breast cancer in women with FEA is undefined.

METHODS

Specimens with FEA were identified among excisional breast biopsies in the Mayo Clinic Benign Breast Disease Cohort, which includes 11,591 women who had benign biopsy findings at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota between 1967 and 2001. Breast cancer risk among subsets of patients with FEA and nonproliferative, proliferative, and atypical hyperplasia (AH) was assessed using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) compared with the Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry.

RESULTS

FEA was identified in 282 women (2.4%); 130 had associated AH (46%) and 152 (54%) were classified as having proliferative disease without atypia (PDWA). With median follow‐up of 16.8 years, the SIR for breast cancer in patients with AH plus FEA was 4.74 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3.17‐6.81) versus 4.23 (95% CI, 3.44‐5.13) for those with AH without FEA (P = .59). The SIR for patients with PDWA plus FEA was 2.04 (95% CI, 1.23‐3.19) versus 1.90 (95% CI, 1.72‐2.09) for patients with PDWA without FEA (P = .76).

CONCLUSIONS

FEA is an uncommon finding in women with benign breast disease. FEA does not appear to convey an independent risk of breast cancer beyond that of the associated PDWA or AH. Cancer 2015;121:1548–1555. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Material Approaches to Stretchable Strain Sensors
Authors: Park Jaeyoon , You Insang , Shin Sangbaie , Jeong Unyong
Published: January 2015

With the recent progress made in wearable electronics, devices now require high flexibility and stretchability up to large strain levels (typically larger than 30 % strain). Wearable strain sensors or deformable strain sensors have been gaining increasing research interest because of the rapid development of electronic skins and robotics and because of their biomedical applications. Conventional brittle strain sensors made of metals and piezoresistors are not applicable for such stretchable sensors. This Review summarizes recent advances in stretchable sensors and focuses on material aspects for high stretchability and sensitivity. It begins with a brief introduction to the Wheatstone bridge circuit of conventional resistive strain sensors. Then, studies on the manipulation of materials are reviewed, including waved structural approaches for making metals and semiconductors stretchable, the use of liquid metals, and conductive filler/elastomer composites by using percolation among the fillers. For capacitive strain sensors, the constant conductivity of the electrode is a key factor in obtaining reliable sensors. Possible approaches to developing capacitive strain sensors are presented. This Review concludes with a discussion on the major challenges and perspectives related to stretchable strain sensors.
Measuring Level Alignment at the Metal–Molecule Interface by In Situ Electrochemical 13C NMR
Authors: Li Ying , Zelakiewicz Brian S. , Allison Thomas C. , Tong YuYe J.
Published: January 2015

A new technique to measure energy‐level alignment at a metal–molecule interface between the Fermi level of the metal and the frontier orbitals of the molecule is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The method, which combines the electrochemistry of organo‐ligand‐stabilized Au nanoparticles with 13C NMR spectroscopy (i.e. in situ electrochemical NMR), enables measuring both occupied and unoccupied states.