bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Mediterranean Diet on Human Gut Microbiota
Authors: Merra Giuseppe , Noce Annalisa , Marrone Giulia , Cintoni Marco  , Tarsitano Maria Grazia , Capacci Annunziata , De Lorenzo Antonino
Published: April 2022

Gut microbiota changes correlate with health status. Literature data on gut microbiota show that all dietary changes can induce the alteration of gut microbiota composition. Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a reduction of all-cause mortality and in this review, we analyzed its interactions with human microbiota. In particular, we explored the modulation of the human microbiota, in response to MD adherence, focusing the attention on polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ω-3 and fiber. Evidences suggest that MD is able to modulate the gut microbiota, increasing its diversity. In fact, a Mediterranean-type dietary pattern is associated with specific gut microbiota characteristics. The available evidence, suggests that gut microbiota of subjects that follow a MD is signif­icantly different from subjects that follow a Western diet model. In fact, the latter show an increased gut permeability, which is responsible for metabolic endotoxemia. For this reason, we can speculate that the gut microbiota of the subjects following a MD is able to prevent the onset of chronic non-communicable degenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. However, in order to understand these correlations with dietary patterns, controlled intervention studies on the gut microbiota composition and activity are needed.
Lung and Mediastinal Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Young Adults
Authors: Seki Atsuko , Chute Deborah J.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is used to investigate pulmonary nodules, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, and mediastinal masses in both malignant and nonmalignant etiologies. EBUS-TBNA is most commonly used in the diagnosis and staging of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer in the middle-age and elderly populations. As lung cancer is uncommon in young adults, it is assumed that there are a distinct disease population and clinical background in young adults who undergo EBUS-TBNA. However, this population has not been well investigated. Methods: We identified all EBUS-TBNA cases in young adults (aged 18–39 years) between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2018, at our institution. Cytology diagnoses were correlated with the concurrent/subsequent histologic diagnosis and clinical decisions. A final patient classification was created based on the worst cytologic or histologic diagnosis (benign, low-grade, or malignant), with the exception of atypical cytology with subsequent long clinical follow-up with no evidence of malignancy, who were considered benign. All discordant cases and positive/suspicious cases with available slides were rereviewed together by the authors to confirm the diagnosis. Results: In total, 257 EBUS-TBNA procedures were performed in 249 young adults (mean age of 31.2 years). The majority of indications were lymphadenopathy and lung nodule/mass. Final cytologic interpretations included 214 (83%) benign, 14 (5%) atypical, 5 (2%) low-grade neoplasm (carcinoid tumor), and 15 (6%) malignant cases. The final patient classification was 213 (86%) benign, 6 (2%) low-grade, and 30 (12%) malignant. Discordant results were found in 24 cases, most frequently due to sampling error (50%). Of 213 benign cases, 58% had granulomatous disease, with sarcoidosis being the most common, followed by histoplasmosis. Of 30 cases with a final malignant classification, metastatic tumor was the most common (n = 12, 4.8%), followed by primary lung tumor (n = 11, 4.4%) and lymphoma (n = 7, 2.8%). There was a variety of malignancies among primary lung cancer, including adenocarcinoma (n = 5), squamous-cell carcinoma (n = 3), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (n = 2), and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (n = 1). Conclusion: In young adults, EBUS-TBNA was most frequently performed to evaluate lymphadenopathy and lung nodules, and granulomatous disease was the most common benign finding. Although rare, primary lung malignancies do occur in young adults along with metastasis from a variety of other sites, with sarcoma being the most common pathology.
Meiotic Segregation of an Isodicentric Derived from Chromosome 15 in Sperm of a Patient with Mosaic Karyotype: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: El Fekih Sahar , Gueganic Nadia , Tous Corinne , Douet-Guilbert Nathalie , Blesson Sophie , Morel Frédéric , Perrin Aurore
Published: April 2022

Small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) are defined as structurally abnormal chromosomes that are difficult to identify by conventional cytogenetic techniques. sSMCs are 3.75 times more common in infertile men than in the general population. This study aimed at characterizing a supernumerary marker chromosome in a nonconsanguineous infertile couple and analyzing its meiotic segregation in sperm by multicolor FISH. The male partner’s karyotype was mos 47,XY,+idic(15)(pter→q11.1::q11.1→pter)[6]/46,XY[24].ish idic(15)(NOR+,D15Z3+,SNRPN–,D15Z3+,NOR+). In triple FISH using CEP 15, BAC 15, and BAC 21 probes, 4,227 spermatozoa of the patient were analyzed, and the sSMC was detected in only 0.66% of spermatozoa. In triple FISH employing CEP X, CEP Y, and BAC 18 probes, 2,008 spermatozoa of the patient were analyzed. The frequency of disomic and diploid sperm was not significantly different from control donors. To our knowledge, segregation of an sSMC 15 has been reported in only 9 males with non-mosaic karyotypes. These studies described rates of spermatozoa with sSMC 15 ranging from 6.23% to more than 50%. In this work, we report the first meiotic segregation analysis of a chromosome 15-derived sSMC in spermatozoa of a patient with a mosaic karyotype. The low rate of spermatozoa with sSMC detected is concordant with the low proportion of abnormal cells in our patient’s lymphocytes. Moreover, the risk of interference of this sSMC with other chromosomes seems minimal. Genetic counseling was recommended given that the risk of chromosomal imbalance in the fetus linked to paternal sSMC was very low. Finally, a healthy boy was born after a natural pregnancy.
I-DSD: The First 10 Years
Authors: Lucas-Herald Angela K. , Ali Salma Rashid , McMillan Craig , Rodie Martina E. , McMillan Martin , Bryce Jillian , Ahmed S. Faisal
Published: April 2022

Background: Research and audit are vital for the management of Differences/Disorders of Sex Development (DSD). Clinical networks have a strong potential to drive these activities with the development of care standards including patient experience data and peer-observation of clinical care provision. Summary: Following the 2005 Consensus Workshop that stressed the need for the regular collection and sharing of data across geographical boundaries, the current I-DSD registry was initially launched in 2008. Over a decade later, this registry and its associated network play an increasingly important role in supporting research, training, and benchmarking of care and service. Patient registries can also facilitate the development of local circles of patients and parents with similar conditions who can support each other. Key Messages: The case for participating in standardized data collection and exchange for DSD has now been made and should be standard practice in centres that care for people with DSD.
Intervención y familias migrantes: análisis crítico de la «vulnerabilidad» desde los/las profesionales
Authors: Calquin Claudia , Galaz Caterine , Magaña Irene
Published: April 2022

(analítico)Se indagan los significados que adquiere la noción de vulnerabilidad en la intervención social con familias migrantes en Santiago de Chile en relación con el sistema de xenofobia y racismo imperante. Se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa usando entrevistas semiestructuradas y un análisis de contenido, en una muestra de diez profesionales del ámbito psicosocial que trabajan con población migrante en la región metropolitana de Chile. Los resultados revelan cómo desde la intervención social se construye una noción de sujeto migrante asociado a la vulnerabilidad, en donde la matriz xenófoba y racista agudiza las dinámicas de exclusión. Asimismo, se desprenden valoraciones moralistas negativas sobre el ejercicio parental, una sobreculturalización de sus prácticas de cuidados y la verificación de formas sutiles de control, disciplinamiento y normalización de las familias migrantes.
Palabras clave: Grupo vulnerable; infancia; migración; familias.
Imagens da religião em um carnaval da Mangueira
Authors: Menezes Renata de Castro , Pereira Edilson
Published: April 2022

Foto-ensaio dos bastidores do desfile da escola de samba Mangueira em 2020, com o enredo “A verdade vos fará livre!”. A escola propunha uma leitura atualizada e carnavalizada da vida de Cristo, atribuindo-lhe as faces de grupos subalternizados do Brasil atual. Mais do que uma documentação, as imagens do ensaio buscam ser uma reinterpretação da visualidade proposta para o desfile, oferecendo uma leitura antropológica de um caso exemplar de carnavalização do religioso, ao mesmo tempo que apontam para as dimensões da “montagem” da performance festiva e da crítica social que ela engloba.
“Be prepared to perform what I ask” - Invasions of Affective Piety in the Comedic Activity of The Second Shepherds’ Play and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
Authors: Perry Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Beginning with an investigation into forms of aurality used in late fourteenth and early fifteenth-century Middle English devotional literature, this article breaks down journeys of affective piety in both the courtly romance and urban cycle plays. Traditional understandings of genre divisions are super-ceded in the Middle English period by performative spirituality and invocations to the audience/ reader to a contemplative posture. The Wakefield Master and the Gawain poet developed their work in dialogue with Lollard critiques of church excesses. They both show investment in personal expressions of inward devotions which had been popularized in the work of Nicholas Love and other Carthusian texts dealing in popular piety. Both The Second Shepherd’s Play and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight develop landscapes of upheaval and redemption around their characters, drawing the reader into individual reflection on well-known sacraments and intervals of the church year.
Multi-Omics Signatures Link to Ticagrelor Effects on Vascular Function in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Tam Chor-Cheung Frankie , Chan Yap-Hang , Wong Yuen-Kwun , Li Zhen , Zhu Xiurui , Su Kuo-Jung , Ganguly Anindita , Hwa Kuoyuan , Ling Xuefeng B. , Tse Hung-Fat
Published: April 2022

Background:

Long-term antiplatelet agents including the potent P2Y12 antagonist ticagrelor are indicated in patients with a previous history of acute coronary syndrome. We sought to compare the effect of ticagrelor with that of aspirin monotherapy on vascular endothelial function in patients with prior acute coronary syndrome.

Methods:

This was a prospective, single center, parallel group, investigator-blinded randomized controlled trial. We randomized 200 patients on long-term aspirin monotherapy with prior acute coronary syndrome in a 1:1 fashion to receive ticagrelor 60 mg BD (n=100) or aspirin 100 mg OD (n=100). The primary end point was change from baseline in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation at 12 weeks. Secondary end points were changes to platelet activation marker (CD41_62p) and endothelial progenitor cell (CD34/133) count measured by flow cytometry, plasma level of adenosine, IL-6 (interleukin-6) and EGF (epidermal growth factor), and multi-omics profiling at 12 weeks.

Results:

After 12 weeks, brachial flow-mediated dilation was significantly increased in the ticagrelor group compared with the aspirin group (ticagrelor: 3.48±3.48% versus aspirin: −1.26±2.85%, treatment effect 4.73 [95% CI, 3.85–5.62],
P
<0.001). Nevertheless ticagrelor treatment for 12 weeks had no significant effect on platelet activation markers, circulating endothelial progenitor cell count or plasma level of adenosine, IL-6, and EGF (all
P
>0.05). Multi-omics pathway assessment revealed that changes in the metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids (cysteine and methionine metabolism; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis) and phospholipids (glycerophosphoethanolamines and glycerophosphoserines) were associated with improved brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in the ticagrelor group.

Conclusions:

In patients with prior acute coronary syndrome, ticagrelor 60 mg BD monotherapy significantly improved brachial flow-mediated dilation compared with aspirin monotherapy and was associated with significant changes in metabolomic and lipidomic signatures.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03881943.
Different Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity and Risk of Coronary Artery Calcium Progression and Incident Cardiovascular Disease Events: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Gao Jing-Wei , You Si , Liu Zhao-Yu , Hao Qing-Yun , Wang Jing-Feng , Vuitton Dominique A. , Zhang Shao-Ling , Liu Pin-Ming
Published: April 2022

Background:

To investigate whether obesity with or without metabolic syndrome is prospectively associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression and incident cardiovascular disease events.

Methods:

A total of 1730 participants from the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) were included (age, 40.1±3.6 years; 38.3% men), who completed computed tomography of CAC at baseline (year 15: 2000–2001) and follow-up (year 20 or 25). Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) was defined as body mass index≥30 kg/m
2
without any metabolic syndrome components in our main analysis. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for several conditions characterizing 4 metabolic phenotypes.

Results:

During a mean follow-up of 9.1 years, 439 participants had CAC progression. MHO subjects had a significantly higher risk of CAC progression than their metabolically healthy normal weight counterparts (adjusted hazard ratios [95% CIs] from 1.761 [1.369–2.264] to 2.047 [1.380–3.036]) depending on the definition of MHO adopted. Obesity with unhealthy metabolic profile remained the highest significant risk of CAC progression and cardiovascular disease events whatever the definitions adopted for metabolically unhealthy status. Up to 60% of participants with MHO converted to metabolically unhealthy obesity from year 15 to year 20 or year 25. Further sensitivity analysis showed that MHO throughout carried a similar risk of incident cardiovascular disease events compared with metabolically healthy normal weight throughout.

Conclusions:

Different metabolic phenotypes of obesity beginning at a young age exhibit distinct risks of CAC progression and subsequent cardiovascular disease events in later midlife. MHO represents an intermediate phenotype between metabolically low- to high-risk obese individuals.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00005130.
Abstract 009: Differential Effect Of An Intensive Lifestyle Intervention On Risk For Cardiovascular Events According To Baseline Level Of Glycated Hemoglobin
Authors: Bancks Michael P , Rigdon Joseph , Balasubramanyam Ashok , Pilla Scott , Yeh Hsin-Chieh , Johnson Karen C , Wagenknecht Lynne E , Espeland Mark A
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
A lack of effective interventions remains a major clinical gap in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and high glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Our objective was to determine whether the effect of an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on CVD prevention differed by baseline HbA1c among Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial participants.

Hypothesis:
ILI will be associated with differential risk for CVD by HbA1c.

Methods:
Look AHEAD randomized 5145 adults, aged 45-76 years, with T2D and overweight/obesity, to ILI or a control of diabetes support and education (DSE) for a median of 9.6 years. ILI focused on weight loss through decreased caloric intake and increased physical activity. We assessed the parent trial’s pre-specified primary CVD outcome. We assessed for additive (Poisson regression) and multiplicative (Cox proportional hazards) heterogeneity of intervention effects on CVD risk by HbA1c adjusting for stratified randomization and using intention to treat analysis.

Results:
Baseline HbA1c ranged from 4.4% to 14.5% (mean 7.3, SD 1.2). We observed additive and multiplicative heterogeneity of effects (all p<0.001) between ILI and HbA1c on CVD risk (Figure). Compared to DSE, ILI was associated with lower risk for CVD for HbA1c quintiles 1 and 2. The “ILI-CVD” association changed direction at HbA1c=7.7%; ILI was associated with higher risk of CVD than DSE within HbA1c quintile 5 (and when continuous, HbA1c ≥8.7%).

Conclusion:
Among adults with T2D and overweight/obesity, the effect of a lifestyle intervention on CVD risk differed by HbA1c. There is a critical need to identify effective CVD prevention strategies for individuals with T2D and high HbA1c.
Abstract 012: Genome-wide Association Studies (GWAS) Of Obesity Duration, Severity, And Distribution Trajectories In The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study (ARIC)
Authors: Memili Aylin , Howard Annie Green G , Justice Anne E , Wang Yujie , Graff Mariaelisa , Highland Heather M. , Raffield Laura M , Avery Christy L , Gordon-Larsen Penny , North Kari E
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Despite decades of research linking obesity with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors, major research gaps remain, with few studies evaluating the often-described but poorly understood heterogeneity in CVD risk observed within obese populations. One plausible, but largely unexplored source of heterogeneity in obesity-associated CVD risk is the impact of body fat distribution (central versus overall obesity), obesity duration and severity. Longitudinally assessed anthropometric measures and GWAS derived from these exposures may improve understanding of functional properties of loci associated with obesity and downstream influences on CVD.

Methods:
We respond to these research gaps by using 25 years of Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (N=14,514, mean baseline age=54 years; 55% Female; 25.73% African-American) data and latent class mixed models to derive four longitudinal measures of obesity distribution, duration, and severity, operationalized as obesity subtypes. Genome wide association studies on the subclasses were conducted using logistic multi-variate regression models to test for associations between variants and BMI. Meta-analyses across race and sex were conducted in METAL. Functional properties of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were assessed in FUMA.

Results:
The four obesity subclasses were: decline (4.1%), stable/slow decline (67.8%) [referent], moderate increase (24.6%), and rapid increase (3.6%). The lead SNP from the decline group was known, on chromosome 7 (rs1196508, beta (SE) = -0.44 (0.089), p = 6.84x10
-7
, minor allele frequency (MAF) = 0.36), and nearest to a tyrosine phosphatase receptor,
PTPRZ1
, in the central nervous system. We combined moderate and rapid increase for analyses; they shared a common top, unknown, SNP on chromosome 5 (rs76956550, beta (SE) = -0.37 (0.074), MAF=0.12), nearest to
PGAM5P1
. The top SNP within the rapid increase group was unknown, on chromosome 14 (rs580888, beta(SE) = -0.57 (0.11), MAF=0.35), and nearest to the
OTX2
gene, a transcription factor involved in production of dopaminergic neurons. Mutations of this gene are associated with pituitary hormone deficiency.

Conclusion:
Our GWAS of obesity subclasses demonstrated unique genetic and functional properties between groups, supporting the contention that CVD risk may differ across obese individuals. We intend to replicate our novel association of
OTX2
with BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist circumference in people who rapidly gained weight in other large longitudinal cohorts.
Abstract 024: Traumatic Brain Injury And Long-term Risk Of Stroke Among U.S. Military Veterans
Authors: Schneider Andrea L , Peltz Carrie , Li Yixia , Bahorik Amber , Gardner Raquel , Boscardin W. J , Yaffe Kristine
Published: April 2022

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in cerebrovascular injury and has been associated with shorter-term (i.e., <4 years) risk of stroke. Longer-term associations of TBI with stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) remain less clear.

Objective:
To examine the association between TBI and long-term risk of stroke/TIA among U.S. military veterans.

Methods:
We used data from 613,592 U.S. military veterans without stroke at baseline (306,796 with TBI matched 1:1 on age, sex, race, and TBI index date to 306,796 without TBI) who were included in the Veterans Health Administration inpatient and outpatient database (National Patient Care Database) from 10/1/2002 to 9/30/2019. TBI and stroke/TIA were defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions (ICD-9/10) codes. We conducted Cox proportional hazards models with an origin of 30-days after the index date in order to exclude stroke/TIA events occurring within 30-days of TBI. Models were adjusted for demographics and medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Formal testing for interaction by age, sex, and race was performed.

Results:
Overall, included veterans were an average age of 50 years, 9% were female, and 75% were of White race. Over a median of 5 years of follow-up, 36,351 stroke/TIA events (23,241 among veterans with TBI and 13,290 among veterans without TBI) occurred. Veterans with TBI had 1.73 times (95% CI 1.69-1.77) increased risk of any stroke or TIA compared to veterans without TBI. The risk was stronger for hemorrhagic stroke compared to ischemic stroke and compared to TIA (Table). Associations of TBI with risk of any stroke or TIA were stronger among older (aged ≥65 years; HR 2.09, 95% CI 2.02-2.17) compared to younger veterans and were less strong among Blacks (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.41-1.55) compared to other races (p-interaction for both <0.001).

Conclusion:
Among U.S. military veterans, TBI was associated with increased long-term risk of stroke/TIA. Future work focused on stroke prevention in TBI populations is warranted.
Abstract 027: Cumulative Consumption Of Sulfur Amino Acids And Risks Of Cardiovascular Disease And Mortality; Analysis Of Two Prospective Cohort Studies
Authors: Al-Shaar Laila , Zhang Xinyuan , Gao Xiang , Kris-etherton Penny M , Sun Qi , Rimm Eric B , Willett Walter , John Richie
Published: April 2022

Background:
Preclinical studies suggested that high intakes of sulfur amino acids (SAA), including methionine and cysteine, may increase risk of age-related chronic diseases. Until now, no epidemiologic studies have investigated habitual dietary intake of SAA in relation to risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality.

Methods:
We prospectively followed 120,699 participants in the Nurses’ Health Study (1984-2016) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2016) cohorts who had no known history of cancer, CVD, or diabetes at baseline. Diet was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire that was updated every 2-4 years. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD and all-cause and CVD mortality across quintiles of energy adjusted SAA intake.

Results:
During up to 32 years of follow up, we documented 13,547 incident CVD events and 33,958 deaths, of which 7637 were due to CVD. Participants on average consumed more than 2-fold the recommended daily allowance of SAA (19 mg/kg/day), and the main food sources included beef, chicken, and milk. After adjustment for non-dietary and dietary risk factors including total energy intake, higher SAA intake was significantly associated with higher risks of CVD, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality in men and women. In the meta-analysis combining both cohorts, comparing participants in the highest quintile with those in the lowest quintile of SAA intake, HRs (95% CI) were 1.12 (1.05, 1.20) for CVD, 1.28 (1.11, 1.47) for CVD mortality, and 1.15 (1.11, 1.19) for all-cause mortality. These associations were similar across strata of age, body mass index, physical activity, ratio of animal to plant protein, smoking, and alcohol consumption (p

interaction

> 0.05 for all), and they remained significant after further adjustment for total protein intake.

Conclusions:
Our data suggest that high SAA intake is associated with greater risks of CVD and mortality in men and women.
Abstract 040: Sleep Regularity And Subclinical Markers Of Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Full Kelsie M , Huang Tianyi , Shah Neomi , Allison Matthew A , Michos Erin D , Duprez Daniel , Redline Susan , Lutsey Pamela L
Published: April 2022

Background:
Sleep irregularity has been linked to incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Less is known about sleep regularity and associations with atherosclerosis. Our objective was to examine associations of sleep regularity with measures of atherosclerosis in the diverse MESA cohort.

Methods:
Participants from the MESA Sleep Study (2010-2013; N=2,032, Mean age: 68.6 ± 9.2 years; 53% Female, 38% White, 28% Black or African American, 23% Hispanic, 11% Chinese) completed 7-days of actigraphy. At the same exam, coronary artery calcium (CAC) was derived from computed tomography, carotid plaque presence and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were derived from ultrasonography, and the ankle brachial index (ABI) was calculated from extremity measured systolic blood pressure. Sleep regularity was quantified by standard deviations in sleep durations and sleep onset time across wear days and categorized in 30 minute (mins) increments. Adjusted relative risk regression models were used to calculate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations of measures of sleep regularity with each subclinical marker of CVD. Models adjusted for demographics, CVD risk factors, and objectively-assessed obstructive sleep apnea.

Results:
After multivariable adjustment, and compared to those with regular sleep durations (SD≤60 mins), participants with greater sleep duration irregularity (SD>120 mins) were more likely to have high CAC burden [CAC >300; PR (95% CI): 1.36 (1.03-1.78)], carotid plaque [1.10 (1.00-1.22)] and an abnormal ABI [ABI <0.9; 1.74 (1.00-3.02)]. Compared to participants with regular sleep timing (SD≤30 mins), those with irregular sleep timing (SD>90 mins) were 1.38 (1.04-1.83) times more likely to have high CAC burden. Associations did not vary by age or sex.

Conclusion:
Sleep regularity, particularly sleep duration regularity, was associated with measures of subclinical CVD in this diverse cohort. Sleep regularity is a modifiable sleep dimension worthy of further investigation.
Abstract 044: Moderate Alcohol Drinking With Meals Is Related To Lower Incidence Of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ma Hao , Wang Xuan , Li Xiang , Heianza Yoriko , Qi Lu
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Alcohol drinking has both adverse and beneficial effects on health. The benefits of moderate drinking on glucose metabolism have been documented in several well-designed clinical trials. However, it is still unclear whether such benefits on glucose metabolism will translate into a reduction in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Inconsistent results on the relationship between moderate drinking and T2D were observed in previous studies. Intriguingly, we noted that, the alcoholic beverages were usually served with meals in those clinical trials that have detected the beneficial effects of moderate alcohol intake on glucose metabolism.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that the association between alcohol intake and risk of T2D might differ by the timing of alcohol intake with respect to meals.

Methods:
A total of 312,388 healthy current drinkers from UK biobank without T2D at baseline were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between the timing of alcohol intake with respect to meals and risk of T2D.

Results:
During a median of 10.9 years of follow-up, 8,598 incident cases of T2D were documented. After adjustment for covariates and the amount of alcohol consumed, consuming alcohol with meals was significantly associated with a 14% lower risk of T2D (HR, 95 % CI, 0.86, 0.81-0.91), as compared with consuming alcohol outside of meals. In addition, we found that the timing of alcohol intake with respect to meals significantly modified the relations between the amount of alcohol consumed and risk of T2D (
P
-interaction=0.010), the beneficial association of moderate drinking with T2D risk was only observed in participants who consumed alcohol with meals, but not in others. Further analyses on various types of alcoholic beverages indicated that the beneficial associations between alcohol drinking with meals and T2D were mainly driven by the wine consumption.

Conclusions:
In the current drinkers, moderate drinking of alcohol, especially wine, with meals is associated a lower risk of T2D.
Abstract 060: Association Of Antecedent Statin Use With Outcomes Of People With Covid-19 Admitted At Northwestern Medicine Health System
Authors: Rivera Adovich , Al-Heeti Omar , Petito Lucia , Williams Janna L , Feinstein Matthew J , Taiwo Babafemi , Achenbach Chad
Published: April 2022

Background:
Several observational studies have found that antecedent statin use (i.e., use prior to getting admitted) was associated with lower mortality risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but this is not a consistent finding. Differences maybe due to covariate imbalance, model misspecification, or selection bias.

Objective:
Estimate the association of antecedent statin use with adverse outcomes (in-hospital death, intubation, ICU admission) in patients admitted for COVID-19 in an academic health system in Chicago.

Methods:
We analyzed electronic health records from an academic health system in Chicago (Mar ‘20-Mar ‘21) comparing rates of adverse events (composite and per outcome) between antecedent users and non-users. Eligible individuals were ≥40 years old in Illinois, admitted for ≥24 hours, and tested positive for COVID-19 in the 30 days before to 7 days after admission. Antecedent use is defined as existence of statins prescription ≥30 days before admission. We used augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW) with targeted maximum likelihood estimation to improve covariate balance and estimate the risk difference. Compared to standard methods, this approach allowed use of machine learning models and is doubly robust to misspecification.

Results:
Of 6267 admitted, 1337 (20%) were antecedent users. Users tend to be older, male, White, smoke, and have a comorbidity. Unadjusted analysis showed significantly higher rates of negative outcomes in non-users except in-hospital death. Analysis using AIPW improved covariate balance and showed that users had significantly lower rates of the composite outcome (RD: -3.9%, 95%CI: -6.0, -1.9) and ICU admissions (RD: -4.0, 95%CI: -7.0, -1.0). No differences in intubation and mortality rates were detected.

Conclusion:
Antecedent statin use is associated with lower risk of ICU admissions but not with intubation or in-hospital mortality. We were not able to confirm the mortality benefit detected by prior studies nor any differences in rates of intubations.
Abstract 062: Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Population Burden Of Dementia Attributable To Modifiable Risk Factors In The United States
Authors: Lee Mark , Whitsel Eric A , Avery Christy L , Hughes Timothy M , Griswold Michael , Sedaghat Sanaz , Gottesman Rebecca F , Mosley Thomas , Heiss Gerardo M , Lutsey Pamela L
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Modifiable risk factors (including cardiovascular traits) are associated with dementia risk. However, it is unknown which risk factors have the greatest influence on dementia rates in the United States, or how that varies by race/ethnicity.

Objective:
For all Americans and separately by race and ethnicity, we calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs) of dementia for 12 potentially modifiable risk factors: low education, hearing loss, traumatic brain injury, hypertension, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, smoking, depression, social isolation, physical inactivity, diabetes, and air pollution.

Methods:
Assuming a causal relationship between risk factors and dementia, we calculated PAFs for dementia using relative risks and prevalence estimates for each risk factor. We used relative risks from recent meta-analyses and prevalence estimates from nationally representative cross-sectional survey data (e.g., NHANES). We estimated prevalence separately by race/ethnicity. We calculated the PAF (for all Americans and separately by race and ethnicity) for each dementia risk factor and a combined PAF accounting for correlations between exposures.

Results:
In the total population, 42.6% of dementia cases were attributable to the 12 risk factors we considered. The estimated PAF of these risk factors was greater for Black and Hispanic Americans (47.5% and 47.3%, respectively) than it was for White and Asian Americans (41.3% and 37.8%, respectively). The greatest fractions of dementia cases were attributable to key cardiovascular traits: hypertension (20.2%), obesity (20.9%), and physical inactivity (20.1%). These factors were highest within each racial and ethnic group, though the proportions varied (Figure 1).

Conclusions:
A large fraction of dementia cases are attributable to potentially modifiable factors, especially for Black and Hispanic Americans. Further research is needed to test whether intervening on these factors reduces dementia risk.
Abstract EP13: Grip Strength, Obesity, And Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among The Elder Population In Taiwan
Authors: Chu Nain-Feng
Published: April 2022

Background:
Sarcopenia and obesity have become important public health and clinical issues worldwide, especially in an aging society like Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiometabolic risk factors among the different weight status and grip strength status among elder individuals in Taiwan.

Methods:
We administered a series of community-based health surveys among the elder population in Chiayi County, Taiwan, from 2017 to 2019. Anthropometric characteristics, handgrip strength, and cardiometabolic risk profiles were measured using standard methods. History of chronic diseases was also asked. The questionnaires, including questions regarding any history of chronic diseases, were administered to the subjects under the assistance of a research technician.

Results:
This study recruited 3739 subjects (1600 males and 2139 females). The non-obese group had lower blood glucose (BG) levels compared to the obese group (100.3 ± 32.2 mg/dl vs 109.1 ± 34.3 mg/dl for the male subjects; 102.8 ± 32.1 mg/dl vs. 112.5 ± 40.3 mg/dl for the female subjects). The grip strength was negatively associated with BG in both sexes (β = –0.357, p < 0.001 for the male subjects male and β = –0.385, p < 0.05 for the female subjects). Relationship between the grip strength and the risk of cardiometabolic disease showed that for every 1 kg increase in the grip strength, there was a 4.1% and 4.5% decrease in the risk for developing diabetes in male and female subjects, respectively (OR = 0.959, 95% CI = 0.940-0.979 for males and OR = 0.955, 95% CI = 0.932-0.978 for females).

Conclusions:
A higher handgrip strength is associated with a lower BG level and lower risk for developing diabetes mellitus among elder population in Taiwan. Health promotion studies to increase muscle mass along with early rehabilitation programs should focus on the obese and sarcopenic population to prevent cardiometabolic comorbidities.
Abstract EP16: High Area Level Public Transportation Associated With Increased Body Mass Index In High School And Male Adolescents
Authors: Granados Emily , Emily D'Agostino , Pollak Kathryn , Skinner Asheley C
Published: April 2022

Overweight and obesity rates increased dramatically among United States youth from 1999-2016, particularly among adolescents. Promoting physical activity can reduce youth obesity rates, particularly among overweight adolescents, most of whom do not meet guidelines for at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity. Neighborhood public transportation usage is an important environmental factor that has potential to impact adolescent physical activity. We examined the association between neighborhood public transportation usage and adolescent body mass index (BMI) drawing from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study, a cross-sectional national survey conducted in 2014 that assessed cancer preventative behaviors, including physical activity and diet, among adolescents (aged 12-17 years, n=1,737) and their parents. We used linear regression models to test the moderating effects of age, sex, and socioeconomic status and the mediating effect of physical activity on the association between neighborhood public transportation usage and adolescent BMI. The analytic sample included 357 adolescents of middle school (44%) and high school (56%) ages evenly distributed by sex (51% female) with 39% of the sample below 200% of the Federal Poverty Line. On average, adolescents had a BMI percent of the 95
th
percentile of 81.77 (17.09) or 22.24 (4.67) BMI and self-reported 71 daily (out-of-school) moderate-to-vigorous activity minutes. While we found no overall association between neighborhood public transportation usage and BMI, we found that low neighborhood public transportation is associated with increased BMI among high school (14% (95% CI 5.72, 21.41)) and male (7.16 (95% CI -13.41, -0.91)) adolescents respectively. We also found that physical activity does not mediate the effect of neighborhood public transportation usage on adolescent BMI. Our findings suggest that our adult reported public transportation measure could be pointing to neighborhood factors, such as poverty or crime, that affect the association between neighborhood public transit and adolescent BMI. Our findings help inform future research on the dynamic relationships between individual and social environmental factors that impact adolescent physical activity.
Abstract EP21: Cardiovascular Risk Among People With HIV Of Haitian Descent In A Southern City In The US
Authors: Hurtado Vanessa A , Inestroza Karla , Ebner Bertrand , Satish Sanjana , Powell Alexis , Hurwitz Barry E , Jayaweera Dushyantha , Alcaide Maria L , Martinez Claudia
Published: April 2022

Introduction:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has increased in prevalence among people with HIV (PWH) in the last decade, with the non-Hispanic Black population being disproportionately affected. There is paucity of data addressing disparities among underserved minority groups regarding CVD and its determinants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural history of CVD and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in PWH of Haitian ethnicity.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review (n=1,202) of PWH seen at the University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital Special Immunology clinic between 2017-2019 was performed. Data regarding demographic, clinical, and laboratory results were obtained from medical records. Prevalence of different traditional CV risk factors and CVD among PWH who per system records, self-identified as Haitians vs non-Haitians (including Black, White, and Hispanic population) was examined. Between-group statistical comparisons were performed for continuous data using the T-test and Mann-Whitney U test was used for nonparametric variables. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-squared test. Significant p-values were α<0.05.

Results:
A total of 156 subjects (12.9%) self-identified as Haitians, with 88 (56.4%) being females. Haitians compared with non-Haitians were significantly older (54.7 ± 11.6 vs 51.8 ± 11.8 years, p=0.004), and had increased prevalence of diabetes mellitus (28.8% vs 16.7%), hypertension (48.7% vs 40.9%), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (14.9% vs 11.0%). Haitians also had significantly lower prevalence of smoking (14.1% vs 28.2%), alcohol consumption (5.1% vs 19.6%), and drug use (0.6% vs 9.3%). In addition, Haitians had lower triglycerides (122 ± 64.0 vs 153 ± 107.2 mg/dL, p<0.001), and more elevated systolic blood pressure (139 ± 22.3 mmHg vs 132 ± 20.4 mmHg, p<0.001), with a trend for a difference in diastolic blood pressure (77 ± 10.3 mmHg vs 75 ± 12.1 mmHg, p=0.060). No statistical differences were found in terms of coronary and peripheral artery disease, myocardial infarction, angina, atrial fibrillation, and valvulopathies. Body mass index, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol were also not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions:
The elevated presence of CV risk factors in this Haitian PWH cohort highlights the urgent need to better understand the patho-etiological basis for these differences and to develop effective and specific primary and secondary prevention strategies among this group. Further large-scale studies are needed in order to better characterize this population and respond to the emerging epidemic of CVD in underserved minority ethnic groups as Haitians in the US.
Abstract EP24: Menu Calorie Label Use Is Associated With Healthier Diet Quality In Americans
Authors: Jia Jenny , O'Brien Matthew J
Published: April 2022

Background:
Unhealthy diet quality is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. The Affordable Care Act mandated menu calorie labeling in many food service businesses to promote healthy food choices, but evidence is limited on whether label use affects dietary intake.

Hypothesis:
We studied the hypothesis that menu calorie label use is associated with healthier diet quality in a nationally representative dataset.

Methods:
We included individuals age≥16 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 who reported buying food from a fast food, sit-down, or buffet restaurant or coffee shop in the past year (n=3,823). The exposure, menu calorie label use, was dichotomized to participants who used labels vs. those who did not use labels at any of the mentioned food service sites using the Consumer Behavior Phone Follow-up Module survey data. The primary outcome was diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015; range 0-100) using two days of 24-hour diet recall data (n=3,809). Secondary outcomes included certain HEI components (added sugars, saturated fats, fruits, vegetables) and total daily calories. We used multiple linear regression to measure the association between label use and outcomes, accounting for the complex survey design of NHANES and adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and comorbidity factors.

Results:
Of 3,806 participants (representing 224,305,985 Americans), 903 (26.9 weighted %) used menu calorie labels. Those who used menu calorie labels were more likely to be younger (μ=43.3 years, SE 0.58), female (60.8%), and with higher educational attainment (college degree or higher 44.6%), and less likely to be low-income (≤200% of federal poverty level 19.5%) compared to those who did not use them (age μ=47.1 years, SE 0.79; female 49.7%; college degree or higher 26.9%; ≤200% FPL 33.6%). Compared to participants who did not use calorie labels, those who used menu calorie labels had HEI-2015 scores that were 3.95 points (95% CI 2.28, 5.63) higher and consumed less calories (β=-240.4 kcal, 95% CI -384.3, -96.5). Of the HEI-2015 components, participants who used menu calorie labels ate more vegetables (β=0.41 points, 95% CI 0.20, 0.62) and less added sugars (β=0.74 points, 95% CI 0.24, 1.24). No differences were seen in saturated fat or fruit intake.

Conclusions:
Individuals who used menu calorie labels had significantly healthier dietary intake and consumed less calories compared to those who did not use labels, suggesting that providing caloric information may influence healthy food decisions. Those who did not use labels had lower education level and family income. Further research is needed to explore how people use label information to make food choices and why individuals may not use calorie labels to improve utility and effectiveness of point-of-purchase nutrition information without amplifying health disparities.
Abstract EP30: Trends In Use Of Single Pill Combination Antihypertensive Medications And Blood Pressure Control In U.S. Adults With Hypertension
Authors: Mobley Claire , Bryan Alexis , Moran Andrew E , Derington Catherine G , Zhang Yiyi , Bellows Brandon K
Published: April 2022

Background:
Use of single pill combination (SPC) antihypertensive medications is associated with improved medication adherence and blood pressure (BP) outcomes compared with combinations of the same medications and doses taken as separate pills. We analyzed time trends of SPC use and BP control among US adults taking multiple antihypertensive medications and identified factors associated with SPC use.

Methods:
Combining National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2009-2018, we included participants aged >=20 years with hypertension and taking >=2 antihypertensive medications. Number of antihypertensive medications and SPC use were identified from self-reported prescription medications. Controlled BP was defined as systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg. The age-adjusted proportion of individuals using SPC medications and BP control were estimated across each NHANES cycle. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess trends in SPC use, BP control, and factors associated with SPC use. All estimates accounted for the complex survey design and represented the US population.

Findings:
Overall, 5,365 NHANES participants were included; mean (SD) age was 63.9 (12.0) years and 53.0% were female. SPC antihypertensive medication use decreased from 38.2% in 2009-2010 to 28.8% in 2017-2018 (
Figure
, p=0.01). Similarly, BP control decreased from 72.1% in 2009-2010 to 64.4% in 2017-2018 (p=0.01). Age, male sex, body mass index, concurrent use of lipid-lowering therapy, and history of cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with decreased odds of SPC use.

Conclusions:
In the last decade, use of SPC antihypertensive medications and BP control each have decreased significantly among US adults taking >=2 antihypertensive medications. Randomized trial evidence supports SPCs over separate pill combinations to improve BP outcomes. Efforts should be made to increase SPC use in targeted populations (e.g., those with comorbidities or polypharmacy).