bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrative in silico approaches to analyse microRNA‐mediated responses in human diseases
Authors: Agrawal Meghna , Mani Ashutosh
Published: August 2024

Advancements in sequencing technologies have facilitated omics level information generation for various diseases in human. High‐throughput technologies have become a powerful tool to understand differential expression studies and transcriptional network analysis. An understanding of complex transcriptional networks in human diseases requires integration of datasets representing different RNA species including microRNA (miRNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA). This review emphasises on conceptual explanation of generalized workflow and methodologies to the miRNA mediated responses in human diseases by using different in silico analysis. Although, there have been many prior explorations in miRNA‐mediated responses in human diseases, the advantages, limitations and overcoming the limitation through different statistical techniques have not yet been discussed. This review focuses on miRNAs as important gene regulators in human diseases, methodologies for miRNA‐target gene prediction and data driven methods for enrichment and network analysis for miRnome–targetome interactions. Additionally, it proposes an integrative workflow to analyse structural components of networks obtained from high‐throughput data. This review explains how to apply the existing methods to analyse miRNA‐mediated responses in human diseases. It addresses unique characteristics of different analysis, its limitations and its statistical solutions influencing the choice of methods for the analysis through a workflow. Moreover, it provides an overview of promising common integrative approaches to comprehend miRNA‐mediated gene regulatory events in biological processes in humans. The proposed methodologies and workflow shall help in the analysis of multi‐source data to identify molecular signatures of various human diseases.
Olfactory and gustatory perception in Brazilian PKU patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tonon Tássia , Martinez Chenia , Nalin Tatiele , Poloni Soraia , Piltcher Otávio Bejzman , Maillot François , Franceschetto Bianca Fasolo , Schwartz Ida Vanessa D.
Published: August 2024

Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) have a highly restrictive diet, which involves restriction of phenylalanine (Phe) intake and daily use of Phe‐free metabolic formula. However, little is known about the potential impact of this diet on chemical senses. The present study aimed to evaluate the olfactory and gustatory perceptions of patients with PKU. A cross‐sectional controlled study which included patients with PKU on dietary treatment and healthy controls was performed. Olfactory perception was assessed using the 12‐item Sniffin’ Sticks test, and taste perception using the Taste Strips test. Twenty‐five patients (mean age 19.3 ± 4.7 years; 13 females) and 25 controls (mean age 19.9 ± 4.9 years, p = 0.676; 13 females) were included. The mean age at treatment onset was 52.8 ± 29.7 days. The mean scores for olfactory and gustatory perceptions, and for bitter and salty flavors, were lower in patients than in controls (p = 0.039, p = 0.004, p = 0.008, and p = 0.020, respectively). Among patients, Phe levels at diagnosis correlated negatively with bitter taste (r = −0.493, p = 0.006). The lower olfaction and gustation scores found in patients may be related to understimulation caused by the highly restrictive PKU diet and the deprivation of flavors from breast milk.
Comparative morphology of the rhinarium and upper lip in sigmodontine rodents: Refined nomenclature, intertribal variation in a phylogenetic framework, and functional inferences
Authors: Pardiñas Ulyses F. J. , Brito Jorge , Soto Erika Cuellar , Cañón Carola
Published: August 2024

Rodents have received substantial attention in the study of olfaction. However, the rhinarium, the naked part of the nose, which plays an important role in chemical, tactile, and thermal perception, has been relatively overlooked. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the rhinarium morphology and spatially associated structures (i.e., upper lip, and philtrum) in sigmodontines, a diverse group within the Cricetidae rodents. The research covers 483 specimens representing 145 species, accounting for 74% of genera in the clade, including all 13 recognized tribes, three incertae sedis genera, and the murid representatives Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. The inconsistent use of terminology in describing rhinarium traits across the literature poses a challenge for comparative analyzes. To address this issue, a standardized terminology was proposed to characterize the rhinarium. A paired complex protuberance typically with epidermal ridges (i.e., rhinoglyphics), termed here the tubercle of Hill, was identified as a distinctive feature in muroid rhinaria. Comparative assessments among tribes revealed unique sets of features defining each major clade, encompassing variations in hairiness, dorsum nasi complexity, size and positioning of the tubercle of Hill, and other key attributes. Two primary rhinarium configurations were discerned: one shared by Oryzomyalia and Sigmodontini and another specific to Ichthyomyini. The former groups display a ventrally positioned rhinarium prominently featuring the tubercle of Hill and sculptured areola circularis. In contrast, Ichthyomyini exhibit a frontally directed rhinarium characterized by an enlarged dorsum nasi fused to the tubercle of Hill, resulting in a distinctive “cherry” appearance. Convergent rhinarium structures observed in fossorial species, characterized by well‐developed plica alaris and hair fringes, are presumed to mitigate potential damage during digging. Conversely, semiaquatic carnivorous sigmodontines showcase an integrated apical structure in their rhinarium, facilitating enhanced somatosensory capabilities crucial for predation activities during diving expeditions.
Unexpected high incidence of parvovirus B19 nucleic acid detection in German blood donors in the winter/spring season 2023/2024
Authors: Plümers Ricarda , Dreier Jens , Knabbe Cornelius , Vollmer Tanja
Published: August 2024

In healthy adults, parvovirus B19 (PVB19) typically causes mild symptoms but can lead to severe complications in immunosuppressed individuals or those with high red blood cell turnover. Infection can occur through respiratory transmission or via transfusion, necessitating the testing of blood donations in Germany. Between 2015 and April 2024, we screened 2 105 755 blood donations for PVB19 using polymerase chain reaction. Incidence rates were calculated for three periods: pre‐COVID‐19 (2015–2020), during the pandemic (2020–2023), and post‐COVID‐19 (2023–2024). A total of 242 PVB19‐positive donations were identified. In the first period, there were 101 positives out of 1 228 361 donations (incidence: 0.83/10 000). In the second period, four positives were found out of 621 222 donations (incidence: 0.06/10 000). In the third period, 137 positives were detected out of 235 088 donations (incidence: 5.35/10 000) with a striking increase of incidence between December 2023 and March 2024 (4.3–21.1/10 000 donations). Most people develop lifelong immunity after infection in childhood but the COVID‐19 pandemic interventions, like masks and distancing, correlate with a decline in PVB19 infections in donors indicating an impact of hygiene measures on PVB19 infection rates.
Intraoperative radiation therapy for early‐stage breast cancer
Authors: Schwieger Lara , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Cao Yichun , Amaniera Isabella , Phillips‐Reed Rogsbert , Godette Karen , Rizzo Monica
Published: August 2024

Background

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) offers more convenience compared to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) following breast‐conserving surgery for early‐stage breast cancer. This study describes the implementation of IORT at a metropolitan academic cancer center.

Methods

Demographics, tumor characteristics, margin status, adjunct EBRT, and cosmetic results were retrospectively analyzed in patients undergoing BCS with IORT. IORT consists of 20 gray delivered to the partial mastectomy cavity.

Results

From 2015 to 2020, 171 patients (65.5% African American) were included. Histologically, 104 (60.8%) patients had invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), while 67 (39%) patients had DCIS only. Seventeen (15.9%) patients with IDC and 12 (8.6%) patients with DCIS had positive margins. There were 15 ipsilateral breast recurrences (8.8%) and three patients (20%) developed systemic disease. Twenty‐five patients (14.6%) underwent adjuvant EBRT. The local recurrence‐free survival at 60 months from date of IORT was 89.4% (95% CI 82.7%–93.6%). For overall survival (OS), 168 (98.2%) patients were alive at a median follow‐up of 51.4 months, and three total deaths were recorded.

Conclusions

IORT is a highly desirable and convenient alternative to EBRT for early‐stage breast cancer especially for patients with poor compliance. IORT has an acceptable ipsilateral recurrence while not precluding adjunct EBRT based upon the final pathologic report.
Comparison of a risk calculator with frailty indices in patients undergoing lung cancer resection
Authors: Vitello Dominic J. , Logan Charles D. , Zaza Norah N. , Bates Kelly R. , Jacobs Ryan , Feinglass Joseph , Merkow Ryan P. , Bentrem David J.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Perioperative risk stratification is an essential component of preoperative planning for cancer surgery. While frailty has gained attention for its utility in risk stratification, no studies have directly compared it to existing risk calculators. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the risk stratification of the American College of Surgeons Surgical Risk Calculator (ACS‐SRC), the Revised Risk Analysis Index (RAI‐rev), and the Modified Frailty Index (5‐mFI). The primary outcomes were 30‐day postoperative morbidity, 30‐day postoperative mortality, unplanned readmission, unplanned reoperation, and discharge disposition other‐than‐home.

Methods

Patients undergoing anatomic lung resection for primary, non‐small cell lung cancer were identified within the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database. The ACS‐SRC, RAI‐rev, and 5‐mFI tools were used to predict adverse postoperative events. Tools were compared for discrimination in the primary outcomes.

Results

9663 patients undergoing anatomic lung resection for cancer between 2012 and 2014 were included. The cohort was 53.1% female. Median age at diagnosis was 67 (interquartile range = 59–74) years. Cardiothoracic surgeons performed 89% and general surgeons performed 11.0% of the operations. Perioperative morbidity and mortality rates were 10.9% (n = 1048) and 1.6% (n = 158). Rates of 30‐day postoperative unplanned readmission and reoperation were 7.5% (n = 725) and 4.8% (n = 468). The ACS‐SRC had the highest discrimination for all measured outcomes, as measured by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and corresponding confidence interval (95% confidence interval [CI]). This included perioperative mortality (AUC = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.71–0.78), compared to RAI‐rev (AUC = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.62–0.69) and 5‐mFI (AUC = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.57–0.65; p < 0.001). The RAI‐rev and 5‐mFI had similar discrimination for all measured outcomes.

Conclusion

ACS‐SRC was the perioperative risk stratification tool with the highest predictive discrimination for adverse, 30‐day, postoperative events for patients with cancer treated with anatomic lung resection.
Exploring Senior Tourists' Technological Experiences: Based on Embodied Cognitive Theory
Authors: Qiuxia Chen , Dongchen Ju , Xiaoting Huang
Published: August 2024

The global aging population brings a growing senior tourist market. This study applies embodied cognitive theory and grounded theory to explore how senior tourists' technological experiences are formed in three travel stages. Twenty‐five in‐depth interviews were conducted with senior tourists aged 55–82. Three main components of embodied technological experiences were found, namely the characteristics of senior tourists, tourism contexts, and technological cognition. Characteristics affect technological cognition and how seniors react in specific tourism contexts. Tourism contexts play a stimulating role in motivating senior tourists to participate in different tourism activities. Technological cognition reflects personal characteristics and factors that influence technological usage. It proposes meaningful insights that can inspire tourism suppliers to enhance senior tourists' overall technological experience.
Proximity analysis between icebreakers and narwals in Tasiujaq, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Mayette Alexandra , Shuert Courtney R. , Hussey Nigel E. , Marcoux Marianne
Published: August 2024

Icebreaker vessels in the Canadian Arctic are used to monitor and maintain open shipping lanes during summer and fall. Icebreaker operating routes often overlap with important habitats of endemic Arctic marine mammals, leading to potential interactions and disturbance. In this study, we examined the frequency, proximity, and duration of encounter events between narwhals (Monodon monoceros) and icebreaker vessels in Tasiujaq (Eclipse Sound), Nunavut, an important summering area for this species. We combined tracking data from 25 narwhals equipped with satellite telemetry devices in Tasiujaq between 2016 and 2018 with automatic identification system (AIS) data for the same period from 7 icebreaker vessels. We defined an encounter event between a narwhal and an icebreaker as the total consecutive occurrences of an individual within 50 km of a vessel within 1 hour. For all years combined, 17 out of 25 narwhals had at least 1 encounter with an icebreaker and all 7 icebreakers were involved in at least 1 encounter. The closest distance (closest point of approach) recorded was <1 km and the longest cumulative duration of encounter events for 1 narwhal with 1 icebreaker was 121.6 hours (n = 27 encounter events over 17 days). Proximity and continuous exposure of narwhals to high levels of noise are a key concern when considering short‐ and long‐term effects on behavior and fitness of this species.
Quantifying Bevacizumab Efficacy in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Pan Yufei , Lu Yuanyuan , Huang Huili , Wang Chao , Han Xiao , Hu Huiying , Sun Kai , Li Jing , Zhang Yonghui , Liu Kai , Yu Zhenkun
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To develop and validate a novel method for quantifying the efficacy of Bevacizumab (Bev) in treating Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP), and to evaluate the clinical outcomes of a three‐dose Bev induction therapy followed by surgical intervention.

Methods

Twenty‐one RRP patients treated with a three‐dose Bev regimen were included. A novel efficacy evaluation method using ImageJ software was developed to calculate the standardized lesion volume from laryngoscopic images. This was compared with the Derkay score. Clinical outcomes, including reduction rate, cumulative reduction rate, efficacy grading, recurrence, and adverse reactions, were analyzed.

Results

In the study cohort, the reduction rate was significantly higher after the first treatment compared with subsequent treatments. The overall response rate increased from 75% after the first treatment to 100% after the third. Among patients with localized lesions who underwent surgery, 76% experienced recurrence with a mean recurrence time of 114.23 days. Most recurrent lesions were smaller than at baseline. Adverse reactions included increased blood pressure in seven patients, which resolved without intervention. The new method showed a significant positive correlation with the Derkay score.

Conclusion

In conclusion, based on the above findings, systemic Bev treatment for RRP is a safe and effective therapeutic approach, though further research is needed. Moreover, the new efficacy evaluation method we developed can significantly aid in studying the effectiveness of Bev treatment for RRP.

Level of Evidence

2 Laryngoscope, 2024
Ultra‐Wideband Terahertz Integrated Polarization Multiplexer
Authors: Gao Weijie , Fujita Masayuki , Murakami Shuichi , Nagatsuma Tadao , Fumeaux Christophe , Withayachumnankul Withawat
Published: August 2024

Polarization‐division multiplexing is crucial for increasing channel capacity and spectral efficiency in communications. A key component is the polarization multiplexer, which combines or separates signals with orthogonal polarizations. Existing planar multiplexers lack an ultrawide band for terahertz communications. While microwave‐inspired orthomode transducers (OMTs) provide broadband operation, they suffer from high ohmic loss and bulkiness at terahertz frequencies. Optical integrated polarization beam splitters (PBSs) offer low loss and good integrability but have narrow bandwidths. This work presents a substrateless all‐silicon polarization multiplexer based on tapered directional couplers and air‐silicon effective mediums, integrated monolithically on a compact footprint. The device demonstrates a 37.8% fractional bandwidth, an average insertion loss of 1 dB, and a polarization extinction ratio above 20 dB over 225–330 GHz. This superior performance is enabled by the anisotropy of the effective medium claddings, affecting the two orthogonal guided modes differently. The multiplexer enables simultaneous two‐channel terahertz fiber communications with polarization diversity.   It supports aggregated data rates up to 155 and 190 Gbit with bit error rates below hard‐ and soft‐decision forward‐error‐correction limits, respectively. This advancement holds promise for 6G terahertz integrated systems with enhanced channel capacities.
[NVim]Br and Poly([NVim]Br‐Co‐AM): Synthesis and Effects on Inhibiting Clay Swelling and Dispersion and the Mechanisms
Authors: Li Lan , Ren Yanjun , Yao Rugang , Yang Hong
Published: August 2024

To solve the downhole problems correlated with clay hydration swelling and dispersion under high‐temperature conditions, a 1‐aminoethyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium bromide ([NVim]Br) and a [NVim]Br/acrylamide copolymer (poly([NVim]Br‐co‐AM)) are synthesized and used as inhibitors. The molecular structures of [NVim]Br and poly([NVim]Br‐co‐AM) are characterized by FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR. The inhibition properties of [NVim]Br and poly([NVim]Br‐co‐AM) are evaluated by free swelling and dispersion tests, linear swelling, hot roll recovery experiments and thermogravimetric analyses.The inhibition mechanisms were revealed by X‐ray diffraction, zeta potential, wettability analysis and ESEM observation. The results showed that both [NVim]Br and poly([NVim]Br‐co‐AM) has significantly superior inhibition performance compared with the common inhibitors KCl, polyether amine D230 and polyquaternium‐7. Both [NVim]Br and poly([NVim]Br‐co‐AM) can resist 250 °C. [NVim]Br performed excellently in inihibiting both crystalline and osmotic swelling, which depended on the strong electrostatic adsorption and hydrogen bonds of imidazole cations and primary amine in [NVim]+. Poly([NVim]Br‐co‐AM) exerted excellent inhibition by minimizing osmotic swelling, reducing hydrophilicity and increasing clay bonding. The results are important for understanding the rational design of novel efficient inhibitors for drilling high‐temperature shale formation.
Exercise Habits in People with Parkinson's: A Multinational Survey
Authors: Jagota Priya , Phutrakool Phanupong , Kamble Nitish , Dang Thuong Huyen Thi , Aldaajani Zakiyah , Hatano Taku , Hoskere Sreenivasa Deva Kumar , Tripura Telugu , Kukkle Prashanth Lingappa , Jeon Beomseok , Nishikawa Noriko , Oji Yutaka , Tran Tai Ngoc , Susatia Frandy , Fabbri Margherita , Leung Clémence , Alonso Canovas Araceli , Kamel Walaa A. , Pal Pramod Kumar , Rakesh Kempaiah , Abu Snineh Muneer , Chairangsaris Parnsiri , Lolekha Praween , Jamora Roland Dominic G. , Mohamed Ibrahim Norlinah , Desa Siti Hajar Mat , Tan Ai Huey , Toh Tzi Shin , Obaid Mona , Fung Victor S.C. , Lang Anthony , Lin Chin‐Hsien , Regragui Wafa , Bouslam Naima , Bhidayasiri Roongroj
Published: August 2024

Background

Exercise has been demonstrated to result in improvements in physical function, cognition, and quality of life in People with Parkinson's (PwP) but its adoption is variable.

Objectives

To investigate exercise preferences, levels, influencing factors among a diverse Parkinson's disease (PD) population, to understand exercise adoption patterns and plan informed interventions.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey collected data through online platforms and paper‐based methods. The Exercise Index (ExI) calculated exercise level based on frequency and duration.

Results

Of 2976 PwP, 40.6% exercised regularly, 38.3% occasionally, and 21.2% did not exercise. The overall mean ExI was 18.99 ± 12.37. Factors associated with high exercise levels included exercising in groups (ExI 24–26), weightlifting (ExI 27 (highest)), using muscle‐building equipment (ExI 25–26), and exercising at home following an app (ExI 26). A positive trend between ExI and varied exercise groups, locations, types, and equipment was observed. No expected benefit from exercise achieved the lowest ExI (8). Having at least two exercise‐promoting factors, a bachelor's degree or higher, receiving exercise advice at initial visits, and aged ≤40 years at PD onset were strong predictors of exercise (adjust OR = 7.814; 6.981; 4.170; 3.565). Falls and “other” most troublesome PD symptoms were negative predictors (aOR = 0.359; 0.466). Barriers to exercise did not predict the odds of exercise.

Conclusions

The study shows that PwP's exercise behavior is influenced by their exercise belief, age at PD onset, doctor's advice at initial visits, education level, symptoms, and exercise‐promoting factors. High exercise levels were associated with certain types of exercises and exercising in groups.
On rank‐revealing QR factorizations of quaternion matrices
Authors: Liu Qiaohua , Li Chuge
Published: August 2024

This work develops theories and algorithms for computing rank‐revealing QR factorizations (qRRQR) of quaternion matrices. First, by introducing a novel quaternion determinant, a quasi‐Cramer's rule is established to investigate the existence theory of the qRRQR factorization of an quaternion matrix . The proposed theory provides a systematic approach for selecting linearly independent columns of in order to ensure that the resulting diagonal blocks , of the R‐factor possess rank revealing properties in both spectral and Frobenius norms. Secondly, by increasing the quaternion determinants of in each iteration by a factor of at least (), a greedy algorithm with cyclic block pivoting strategy is derived to implement the qRRQR factorization. This algorithm costs about real floating‐point operations, which is as nearly efficient as quaternion QR with column pivoting for most problems. It also shows the effectiveness and reliability, particularly when dealing with a class of quaternion Kahan matrices. Furthermore, two improved greedy algorithms are proposed. Experiments evaluations are conducted on synthetic data as well as color image compression and quaternion signals denoising. The experimental results validate the usefulness and efficiency of our improved algorithm across various scenarios.
Real‐time models for systems with costly or unknown dynamics
Authors: Bestle Dieter , Bielitz Timo
Published: August 2024

Many applications require real‐time simulation where the computer model can be executed at least as fast as the underlying physical system. However, as the complexity of models grows, for example, in case of flexible multibody dynamics accounting for body elasticity, this becomes harder even with high‐end computers and parallel computing. Further the modeling itself could be too cumbersome to come up with causal models, especially in industrial applications, or modeling is inhibited by unknown physical effects. In such cases, data‐based modeling with AI‐strategies may be an alternative to come up with real‐time capable simulation models. Based on measured or costly simulated trajectories, state function values of the dynamic system are first identified from divided differences of subsequent states, and then used for training a feedforward neural network. This can then be used as an approximate surrogate for further simulations or as part of a real‐time application. Applications to the Duffing equation and a closed‐loop mechanism demonstrate high conformity of predicted and directly simulated trajectories reproducing even the bifurcation behavior of the Duffing equation.
Weaving Indigenous and Western knowledge systems to discern drivers of mooz (moose) population decline
Authors: Priadka P. , Moses B. , Kozmik C. , Kell S. , Popp J. N.
Published: August 2024

Understanding and addressing biodiversity declines across the globe will require interdisciplinary practices that embrace multiple worldviews and weave knowledge systems.

Here, we used a Two‐Eyed Seeing approach to weave Anishinaabe ecological knowledge with peer‐reviewed Western scientific literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the drivers of a declining moose (mooz; Alces alces) population in Ontario, Canada.

We interviewed 66 participants from three Anishinabek communities on the causes of moose decline and conducted a literature review of 52 Western‐science studies that focused on factors that affect moose in Ontario.

Our study revealed that there was agreement among knowledge systems on the importance of climate change and disease and parasites in explaining moose population decline in Ontario. Unique perspectives were provided on the mechanisms describing climatic impacts on calf recruitment, with an emphasis on spring onset and green‐up by Western science, and winter onset and timing of the rut by Anishinaabe knowledge. Western science also focused on the effects of habitat disturbance and predation on moose, and Anishinaabe knowledge emphasised harvest pressure. Other factors identified by both knowledge systems included the impacts of roads and railways. Distinctive information offered by Anishinaabe knowledge holders included the displacement of moose from areas in response to the range expansion of white‐tailed deer (waawaashkeshi; Odocoileus virginianus) and the negative effects of contaminants introduced into the environment by mining and forestry activity.

Overall, weaving knowledge systems offered a nuanced and wholistic understanding of factors affecting moose and provided different perspectives to explain interacting and cumulative effects. Our study showcases the value in weaving knowledge systems to improve understanding of ecological problems and find wholistic strategies for conservation.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Modulation of mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/hydroxyapatite composites by interface crosslinking
Authors: Odabaş Eylül , Öztürk Oğuz , Akarsu Esin
Published: August 2024

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable and bioactive thermoplastic polymer. It has been widely used for hard tissue applications in orthopedic and dental fields. However, PLA is not able to form a direct bond with bone and this limits its applications. Therefore, PLA and hydroxyapatite (HAp) composites have gained significant attention to improve PLA performance. However, agglomeration of HAp in PLA matrix due to unfavored interfacial interactions between PLA and HAp directly affects the mechanical properties and stability of PLA/HAp composites. In this study, 3‐(glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GLYMO)‐modified HAp particles (G‐HAp) were synthesized and then incorporated into the PLA matrix to prepare PLA/G‐HAp composites. PLA/G‐HAp composites were prepared by mixing G‐HAp at 50 wt% with PLA (10 wt% in chloroform) solution. The resulting mixture was dried, ground, and molded into cylindrical shapes by pressure, and cured under N2 atmosphere. The interface interactions of the obtained composites were elucidated by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses. It was observed that increased crosslinking density in the interface resulted in rougher surfaces. Thermal analyses demonstrated that Tg of PLA shifted to higher temperatures in parallel with crosslinking density. Additionally, Vicker's hardness tests and compression tests were conducted to determine the effect of interfacial crosslinking, and improved hardness and Young's modulus were observed. In the final part of study, MTT assay was carried out to evaluate cytotoxicity of composites and PLA/G‐HAp displayed higher cytocompatibility compared to conventional PLA/HAp composite.

Highlights

GLYMO modified HAp led to changes in the surface properties of composites.

Increased crosslinking caused rougher surfaces for composites.

Tg shifted to higher temperatures in parallel with GLYMO mediated crosslinking.

Composites containing GLYMO‐modified HAp particles exhibited significant improvement in mechanical properties.
Experimental evaluation of physicomechanical, tribological and optimality circumstances for Corchorus olitorius particle‐based composites
Authors: Mahakur Vijay Kumar , Kumar Santosh , Bhowmik Sumit , Patowari Promod Kumar
Published: August 2024

Researchers are diligently striving towards generating sustainable successors for man‐made fibers. Naturally derived fibers/fillers have gained much attention these days due to their use in the development of renewable and biodegradable components. This research emphasizes the physical, mechanical and tribological aspects of silanized Corchorus olitorius particle‐based thermoset composites. With the help of a contact lay‐up technique, varied weight fractions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5%)‐based composites as per ASTM standards were generated. The experimental results reveal that silanization promotes the interfacial relationship between particles of Corchorus olitorius and the matrix and also the established silanized particle‐based composites demonstrated a potential modest density feature. The minimal weight fraction‐based composite exhibited the best mechanical and wear‐resistant features. Furthermore, the interval‐valued intuitionistic fuzzy Schweizer–Sklar power weighted average approach has been developed as a distinctive structure for obtaining the most effective composite material for any further industrial applications. From this optimization strategy, the specimen with 5 wt% particle content is found to be the best, followed by the specimen with 7.5 wt% particle content. This work highlights the crucial function of surface modification techniques, especially silanization, in enhancing the effectiveness and stability of composites that include Corchorus olitorius particles. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The impact of natural disaster on multidimensional poverty of rural households in Vietnam: The regulating role of social assistance
Authors: Dung Ngo Q. , Thi Hue Hoang , Thanh Tran P.
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the impact of natural disasters on multidimensional poverty in rural Vietnam and examines the moderating role of social assistance in mitigating these effects. Utilizing data from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey in 2016 and 2018, we employ a probit model to analyze the differential impacts of droughts, floods, and storms on various dimensions of poverty, including income, education, health, housing, and access to information. Our findings reveal that droughts have a more pronounced and lasting impact on overall multidimensional poverty compared to floods and storms. Furthermore, we demonstrate the moderating effect of social assistance in alleviating the adverse consequences of floods on multiple aspects of household well‐being. This study contributes to the literature by adopting a comprehensive, multidimensional approach to poverty and highlighting the critical role of social assistance in building resilience to natural disasters. Our results underscore the need for targeted, context‐specific poverty alleviation strategies that address the multifaceted nature of deprivation and the differential impacts of natural disasters on rural households. These findings have significant implications for policymakers and practitioners in designing effective interventions to promote sustainable development and enhance the well‐being of vulnerable communities in the face of increasing climate‐related challenges.
High‐throughput phenotyping platforms for pulse crop biofortification
Authors: Madurapperumage Amod , Naser M. Z. , Boatwright Lucas , Bridges William , Vandemark George , Thavarajah Dil
Published: August 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Pulse crops, including dry pea, lentil, and chickpea, are rich sources of protein, low digestible carbohydrates, and micronutrients. With the increasing demand for plant‐based protein with gluten‐free and allergen‐free foods, pulse crops have become of global importance for meeting the nutritional demand of growing populations. Breeding for nutritional quality is becoming a bottleneck for most breeding programs globally due to the cost of these available tools. Therefore, low‐cost, high‐throughput phenotyping tools will be a focus of interest for the selection of elite germplasm for cultivar development and gene identification for pulse cultivar development. This publication explains the emerging and future trends of phenotyping tools that are feasible for pulse breeding and improving nutritional quality.

Precision agriculture tools based on spectroscopic and imaging techniques now contribute to high‐throughput phenotyping (HTP) pipelines for nutritional and agronomic traits to speed breeding and selection for cultivar development. Fourier transform mid‐infrared (FT‐MIR) spectroscopy has been a reliable HTP tool for macro nutritional traits in pulse crops. Hyperspectral, multispectral, and RGB (red‐green‐blue) imaging with unmanned aerial systems (UAVs) have been developed to measure agronomic traits for cereals, but these techniques have yet to be developed and validated for pulse crops. This review summarizes different phenotyping techniques applied to nutritional and agronomic traits for crop breeding and reviews applications of machine learning tools for optimizing HTP.
Resistance Distance and Kirchhoff Index of Cayley Graphs on Generalized Quaternion Groups
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhu Shuo , Yuan Kai
Published: August 2024

Based on irreducible representations of generalized quaternion groups, closed‐form formulae of Kirchhoff indices and resistance distances between vertex pairs of Cayley graphs on these groups are given.
Foundations for a national assessment of soil biodiversity
Authors: Guerra Carlos A. , Eisenhauer Nico , Tebbe Christoph C. , Xylander Willi E. R. , Albert C. , Babin Doreen , Bartkowski Bartosz , Burkhard Benjamin , Filser Juliane , Haase Dagmar , Hohberg Karin , Kleemann Janina , Kolb Sanina , Lachmann Christina , Rillig Matthias C. , Römbke Jörg , Ruess Liliane , Scheu Stefan , Scheunemann Nicole , Steinhoff‐Knopp Bastian , Wellbrock Nicole , Ristok Christian
Published: August 2024

Soils, just like all other ecosystem compartments, change over time and, consequently, conditions for soil‐inhabiting organisms are also changing, affecting their composition and diversity. Soil biodiversity is a critical component of ecosystems that supports many essential ecosystem functions and services, such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, water regulation and biomass production for food, fodder, fibre and energy. However, and despite the importance of soil biodiversity for ecosystem health and human well‐being, neither current state, drivers, potential consequences for ecosystem services nor options for sustainable governance of soil biodiversity are well understood. Here, we provide a framework for and argue that conducting a national assessment of soil biodiversity, albeit being a complex endeavour, is fundamental to building a baseline to understand the current state and trends of soil biodiversity, but also to identify the main drivers of change, the impacts of soil biodiversity loss and the potential pathways for conservation and sustainable governance of soil biodiversity.
Injectable GelMA Hydrogel Microspheres with Sustained Release of Platelet‐Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Thin Endometrium
Authors: Yuan Guanghui , Yu Chenghao , Du Xin , Li Duan , Dou Huaiqian , Lu Panpan , Wu Tong , Hao Cuifang , Wang Yuanfei
Published: August 2024

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) intrauterine infusion has been demonstrated to be effective in treating thin endometrium and achieving pregnancy. However, the rapid release of growth factors limits its effectiveness in clinical applications, and thus, multiple intrauterine infusions are often required to achieve therapeutic efficacy. In this study, a GelMA hydrogel microsphere biomaterial is developed using droplet microfluidics to modify the delivery mode of PRP and thus prolong its duration of action. Its biocompatibility is confirmed through both in vivo and in vitro studies. Cell experiments show that PRP‐loaded microspheres significantly enhance cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. In vivo experiments show that the effects of PRP‐loaded microspheres on repairing the endometrium and restoring fertility in mice could achieve the impact of triple PRP intrauterine infusions. Further mechanistic investigations reveal that PRP could facilitate endometrial repair by regulating the expression of E2Fs, a group of transcription factors. This study demonstrates that hydrogel microspheres could modify the delivery of PRP and prolong its duration of action, enabling endometrial repair and functional reconstruction. This design avoids repeated intrauterine injections of PRP in the clinic, reduces the number of patient visits, and provides a new avenue for clinical treatment of thin endometrium.
High Open‐Circuit Voltage Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cell with Interface Dipole Layer
Authors: Heo Jihyeon , Prayogo Juan Anthony , Lee Seok Woo , Park Hansol , Muthu Senthilkumar , Hong JeeHee , Kim Haeun , Kim Young‐Hoon , Whang Dong Ryeol , Chang Dong Wook , Park Hui Joon
Published: August 2024

Wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) represent a compelling and emerging technological advancement in high‐performing perovskite‐based tandem solar cells. Interfacial engineering is an effective strategy to enhance Voc in PSCs by tailoring the energy level alignments between the constituent layers. Herein, n‐type quinoxaline‐phosphine oxide‐based small molecules with strong dipole moments is designed and introduce them as effective cathode interfacial layers. Their strong dipole effect leads to appropriate energy level alignment by tuning the work function of the Ag electrode to form an ohmic contact and enhance the built‐in potential within the device, thereby improving charge‐carrier transport and mitigating charge recombination. The organic interfacial layer‐modified wide‐bandgap PSCs exhibit a high Voc of 1.31 V (deficit of <0.44 V) and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.3%, significantly improved from the device without an interface dipole layer (Voc of 1.26 V and PCE of 16.7%). Furthermore, the hydrophobic characteristics of the small molecules contribute to improved device stability, retaining 95% of the initial PCE after 500 h in ambient air.
Conducting Composite Polymer‐Based Solid‐State Electrolyte with High Ion Conductivity via Amorphous Condensed Structure and Multiple Li+ Transport Channels
Authors: Li Yueshan , Yuan Weihao , Lu Fei , Shen Yibo , Li Da , Cong Fei , Zhu Pingwei , Li Yunling , Liu Pengxiang , Huang Yudong , Li Jun , Hu Zhen
Published: August 2024

Traditional PEO electrolyte has high crystallinity which hinders the transmission of Li+, resulting in poor ion conductivity and complicated processing technology. Herein, a polymer electrolyte (p‐electrolyte) with a wide electrochemical window and high ionic conductivity is designed, which possesses an amorphous condensed structure. The amorphous structure provides fast transport channels for Li+, so the p‐electrolyte possesses an electrochemical window of 4.2 V, and high ionic conductivity of 1.58 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature, which is 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of traditional PEO electrolyte. By using the designed polymer electrolyte as the foundation, an in situ curable composite polymer electrolyte (CPE‐L) with multiple Li+ transport channels is elaborately constructed. The Cu‐BTC MOF stores abundant Li+, which is introduced into the p‐electrolyte. The rich unsaturated Cu2+ coordination sites of Cu‐BTC can anchor TFSI− to release Li+, and the pore structure of Cu‐BTC MOF cooperates with LLZTO nanoparticles to provide multiple fast transport channel for Li+, resulting in remarkable ionic conductivity (1.02 × 10−3 S cm−1) and Li+ transference number (0.58). The Li||CPE‐L||Li symmetric battery cycles stably for more than 700 h at 0.1 mA cm−2, while the specific capacity of full battery is ≈153 mAh g−1 (RT, 0.2 C).
Constitutive Modeling of High‐Temperature Deformation Behavior of Nonoriented Electrical Steels as Compared to Machine Learning
Authors: Mishra Gyanaranjan , Pasco Jubert , McCarthy Thomas , Nyamuchiwa Kudakwashe , He Youliang , Aranas Clodualdo
Published: August 2024

Hot rolling is a critical thermomechanical processing step for nonoriented electrical steel (NOES) to achieve optimal mechanical and magnetic properties. Depending on the silicon and carbon contents, the electrical steel may or may not undergo austenite–ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling, which requires different process controls as the austenite and ferrite show different flow stresses at high temperatures. Herein, the high‐temperature flow behaviors of two nonoriented electrical steels with silicon contents of 1.3 and 3.2 wt% are investigated through hot compression tests. The hot deformation temperature is varied from 850 to 1050 °C, and the strain rate is differentiated from 0.01 to 1.0 s−1. The measured stress‐strain data are fitted using various constitutive models (combined with optimization techniques), namely, Johnson–Cook, modified Johnson–Cook, Zener–Hollomon, Hensel–Spittel, modified Hensel–Spittel, and modified Zerilli–Armstrong. The results are also compared with a model based on deep neural network (DNN). It is shown that the Hensel–Spittel model results in the smallest average absolute relative error among all the constitutive models, and the DNN model can perfectly track almost all the experimental flow stresses over the entire ranges of temperature, strain rate, and strain.
Formation Mechanism and Main Control Methods of Bright‐Band Defects in Strip Casting Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhang Yuanxiang , Ma Zongwen , Li Zhenlei , Fang Feng , Wang Yang , Yuan Guo
Published: August 2024

Bright‐band defects frequently occur on as‐cast strips in the twin‐roll strip‐casting process, particularly at low‐casting speeds, with intervals of ≈200 mm. Additionally, the cast‐rolling force also exhibits minor fluctuations. With increasing casting speeds, the spacing between bright‐band defects widens, and the severity of these defects diminishes. When the casting speed reaches a certain threshold, defects almost entirely disappear. Detailed analysis of the underlying causes of this phenomenon is essential for effectively preventing defect formation. In this study, the numerical simulation method is employed to analyze casting rolls’ thermal deformation and the melt pool's solidification behavior, based on the production site equipment and process conditions. The causes of defects in as‐cast strips are thoroughly analyzed based on simulation results, in conjunction with variations in the cast‐rolling force. In this study, it is demonstrated that the thermal deformation of casting rolls and the position of the solidification endpoints collectively contribute to the fluctuations in cast‐rolling force and are the primary causes of bright‐band defects. Fundamental principles for preventing defects are provided based on actual on‐site production. Furthermore, simulation results contribute to establishing a theoretical basis for selecting process parameters and controlling cast‐rolling force during production.
Experimental and Fractographic Study of the Hydrogen‐Induced Cracking of 45CrNiMoVA Martensitic Advanced High‐Strength Steel
Authors: Li Yunlong , Liu Xiaodong
Published: August 2024

Hydrogen‐induced cracking (HIC) in high‐strength 45CrNiMoVA steel is investigated using smooth and notched cylindrical specimens by performing uniaxial tensile tests. Specimens with different notch geometries are used to analyze the interacting effects of the stress concentration factor and HIC micromechanism. The results show that hydrogen charging reduces the elongation at fracture and the ultimate tensile strength of smooth tensile specimens. The microscopic fracture mode changes from ductile dimples with some quasicleavage fracture without hydrogen to a mixture of brittle quasicleavage and intergranular cracking with hydrogen. For notched specimens with a lower notch root radius, significant stress concentration occurs at the notch root, which enriches hydrogen in these highly stressed regions. This causes a lower notch tensile strength and greater susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. Microfracture observations show that the area fraction of the intergranular cracking surface increases gradually, and the brittle zone moves farther away from the notch root upon decreasing the notch root radius, causing the embrittlement index to remain high. These results will help determine the applicability of existing steel for hydrogen service and also provide guidance for developing new high‐strength martensitic steels that can resist hydrogen embrittlement.
The Increased Apoptosis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mediated Osteopenia Due to Prenatal Nicotine Exposure in Female Offspring Rats via IGF1 Pathway
Authors: Li Xufeng , Xiao Hao , Wu Zhixin , Wang Hui , Chen Liaobin
Published: August 2024

Nicotine exposure is a common adverse environment during pregnancy and causes developmental toxicity of long bones in offspring. However, the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on bone mass accumulation in female offspring and its mechanism remained to be further investigated. In this study, we constructed a PNE rat model and collected the long bone and the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from female offspring rats for the detection of bone mass, cell apoptosis, and the expressions of osteogenesis‐ and apoptosis‐related genes. The results revealed that PNE induced low bone mass in female offspring rats and was associated with the suppression of osteogenic function. Moreover, the apoptosis of BMSCs derived from the PNE female offspring rats was raised, and the expression ratio of apoptosis marker genes BAX/BCL‐2 was significantly increased. Further, PNE inhibited the expression and function of insulin‐like growth factor l (IGF1) signaling pathway in BMSCs. However, the exogenous IGF1 treatment partially ameliorated the increased apoptosis of BMSCs derived from the PNE female offspring rats. In conclusion, PNE induced low bone mass in female offspring rats, which was attributed to the increased apoptosis of BMSCs due to functional inhibition of IGF1 signaling pathway.