bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Surface: A Deep Dive into Use of Fluoridated vs Non-fluoridated Remineralizing Agents on Permanent Teeth: A Systematic Review
Authors: Erramshetty Sidharth , Srisakthi D. , Chellappa Lalitha Rani , Indiran Meignana Arumugham
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Dental caries, characterized by white spot lesions (WSLs), impact approximately 49% of the population and can progress to irreversible damage if untreated. Fluoridated remineralizing agents have traditionally been the standard treatment due to their efficacy in surface remineralization. However, concerns over fluoride toxicity, including risks of dental and skeletal fluorosis, have spurred interest in non-fluoridated alternatives. This systematic review evaluates the remineralizing potential of fluoridated versus non-fluoridated agents for early enamel carious lesions in permanent teeth, focusing on clinical outcomes and patient safety. Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, randomized clinical trials were identified through comprehensive searches in databases such as Medline, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus. Inclusion criteria targeted interventions for WSLs in permanent teeth, assessing their effectiveness using DIAGNOdent scores. Studies involving diverse patient demographics, lesion severities and fluoride exposure risks were emphasized. Results: Six randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Both fluoridated and non-fluoridated agents demonstrated significant efficacy in remineralization. Fluoridated agents excelled in surface lesion repair, while non-fluoridated options, such as casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), showed superior performance in subsurface lesion remineralization, addressing fluoride-related safety concerns. However, variability in study methodologies and short-term follow-up limited comprehensive conclusions. Conclusion: Fluoridated agents remain effective for surface remineralization, but non-fluoridated alternatives offer promising solutions for deeper lesion repair and fluoride-free treatments. Long-term, standardized studies are needed to establish sustainable outcomes, enhance cost-effectiveness and guide patient-centric treatment protocols. These findings underscore the need for integrating remineralization strategies into preventive dentistry, balancing clinical efficacy with patient safety and preferences.
Organophosphate and Carbamate Toxicity: Understanding, Diagnosing and Treating Poisoning
Authors: Jali Abdulmajeed M.
Published: February 2025

Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides are widely used to control pests in agriculture and households, but they come with serious health risks. These chemicals interfere with an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase, leading to a dangerous buildup of acetylcholine-a neurotransmitter that overstimulates the body’s nerves. This overstimulation causes symptoms ranging from excessive saliva, difficulty breathing and muscle weakness to confusion and even paralysis. OP poisoning tends to be more severe because it creates lasting enzyme disruptions, while carbamates have shorter, reversible effects. Recognizing the signs of poisoning quickly is critical for saving lives. Doctors often rely on clinical symptoms to start treatment immediately, administering atropine to control excessive secretions and pralidoxime to help restore normal enzyme function. Laboratory tests can confirm exposure but should not delay treatment. Managing OP and carbamate poisoning involves stabilizing the patient’s breathing and heart function, thoroughly cleaning any exposed skin and closely monitoring their progress. This review highlights the importance of safer pest control practices, such as integrated pest management, to reduce dependence on toxic chemicals. Public education about the dangers of improper pesticide use is essential, especially in communities where these chemicals are widely available. Continued research into better antidotes and diagnostic tools offers hope for improving outcomes and reducing the devastating impact of these poisonings on human health and the environment.
A Qualitative Study on Attitude Towards Tobacco and Quitting among Tobacco Users in Tribal Gypsies Dwelling in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Rilah S. Katheeja , Chellappa Lalitha Rani , Indiran Meignana Arumugham
Published: February 2025

Background: Tobacco use harms every organ in your body. Smoking tobacco introduces not only nicotine but also more than 5000 chemicals inducing numerous carcinogens (cancer - causing chemicals) into your lungs blood and organs. For the tribals of Tamil Nadu, tobacco is a part of their culture and practice. They live in the outskirts of towns and their accessibility to proper health education becomes difficult. They need a deeper understanding on tobacco effects. Aim: To conduct a qualitative study on attitude towards smoking and quitting among smokers in tribal gypsies dwelling from Tamil Nadu. Methods: A total of 30 participants who were above 18 years were included in the study. They were divided into 3 categories namely primary school completion, Middle school completed and completed high shool or above. An in depth interview and focal group discussions for the smokers in the tribal gypsies was conducted with a guide and a moderator. The areas of the discussion include reach to start smoking , knowledge regarding COTPA and quitting attempts. Open ended questions were asked and the responses were sorted thematically for result analysis. Results: Most of the participants have started tobacco from childhood seeing family and friends. It has become a addiction into their lives without them even realising it. They continue to use it because of stress and believe that their community people should use tobacco as an identity. The participants dont get affected by anti tobacco commercials and they are confident enough that government will not take action against tobacco. Conclusion: The study concluded that all the participants lack awareness about the tobacco and need a proper tailored counselling on the ill effects of tobacco, nicotine replacement therapy with regular follow up. Strict laws has to be tailored for non smoking tobacco products as well instead of concentrating only on smoking tobacco products.
Assessment of Mental Health Status and its Association with Cortisol Levels in Cigarette Smokers and Non-smokers
Authors: Sri S. Soumya , Leelavathi L. , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Mental health status profoundly influences an individual's core being, affecting thought processes, perceptions and consciousness. Increased cortisol secretion under stressful situations can impair brain function and overall health. Smoking, often perceived as a coping mechanism for stress, may exacerbate stress and mental health deterioration. Aim: This study aims to assess and compare cortisol levels in smokers and non-smokers and investigate the association between elevated cortisol levels and mental health status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 320 participants, comprising 160 smokers and 160 non-smokers. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure cortisol levels. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered to evaluate participants' mental health status. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the relationships between smoking, cortisol levels and mental health outcomes. Results: Smokers exhibited significantly higher cortisol levels (59.88±30.84 ng/ml) compared to non-smokers (47.09±19.57 ng/ml). A drowsy mental health status was observed in 24.69% (79) of smokers and 6.56% (21) of non-smokers. Elevated cortisol levels correlated with chronic stress and reduced mental alertness, particularly among smokers. Conclusion: Smokers demonstrated heightened cortisol levels, indicative of a chronic stress state and compromised mental health. In contrast, non-smokers showed lower cortisol levels and better mental health status. These findings highlight the role of cortisol as a stress biomarker and underscore the need for targeted smoking cessation interventions to mitigate stress and its mental health consequences. Future research should explore socioeconomic factors, alternative stress-coping mechanisms and longitudinal impacts of smoking on cortisol regulation.
Association of Nutritional Status and Vitamin B12 Levels among Smokers and Non-Smokers
Authors: Kothari Vishaka , Leelavathi L. , Jayaraman Selvaraj
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Tobacco use remains a leading cause of preventable diseases, adversely impacting numerous physiological processes, including vitamin metabolism. Vitamin B12 deficiency, essential for cellular function and DNA synthesis, is particularly concerning in smokers due to their exposure to harmful tobacco constituents. This research examines the association between smoking habits, nutritional health and salivary vitamin B12 levels, with an emphasis on the broader public health implications of smoking-induced nutritional deficiencies. Method: This cross-sectional study involved 240 participants, equally divided into 120 smokers and 120 non-smokers. Salivary samples were collected under standardized conditions and vitamin B12 concentrations were measured using the ELISA technique. A 24-hour dietary recall assessed nutritional adequacy, categorized into four levels: excellent, adequate, barely adequate and not adequate. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test to compare vitamin B12 levels and chi-square tests to evaluate the relationship between smoking and dietary adequacy. Results: Smokers exhibited significantly lower salivary vitamin B12 levels compared to non-smokers, with mean ranks of 107.27 and 133.73, respectively (Mann-Whitney U = 8787.5, p = 0.003). Nutritional scores highlighted that smokers had poorer dietary quality, with a higher prevalence of inadequate diets. A significant association between smoking and nutritional adequacy was identified (chi-square value = 12.790, p = 0.005). These findings suggest smoking negatively impacts both vitamin B12 levels and dietary habits. Conclusion: This study highlights that smokers experience significantly lower salivary vitamin B12 levels and poorer dietary adequacy compared to non-smokers. The findings emphasize the need for targeted nutritional interventions, dietary education and public health strategies tailored to mitigate smoking-induced nutritional deficiencies. Future research should explore the interaction between smoking, other micronutrients and the potential benefits of dietary supplementation for smokers.
Associations Between Cardiovascular Risk, Obesity and Thyroid Dysfunction in Diabetic Population a Cross-sectional Study in Northern Border in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Agarwal Anshoo , Alanazi Manal Mazyad , Aldalaan Shahad Obaid , Alanazi Razan Owaid , Alanazi Sarah Saleh , Fahmy Eslam K. , Esmaeel Safya E.
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Saudi Arabia has the fourth highest incidence of diabetes mellitus in the world. It is important to ensure that the community has sufficient knowledge of this disease to enable further promotion of health interventions to control its prevalence. This study aims to analyze the knowledge of participants about cardiovascular risk factors, obesity and thyroid disorders in Diabetes patients. Methods: A survey was conducted. The data was collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study found that most participants recognized a significant relation between cardiovascular disease risk and diabetes, with statistically significant associations noted for factors such as age, city, education level, occupation and the presence of chronic diseases (p value <0.05). However, demographics like gender, nationality and marital status did not show significant relationships. Additionally, 61.8% acknowledged the link between thyroid dysfunction and obesity and a large majority (84.9%) were unaware of the relationship between thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: This study highlights a critical gap in knowledge regarding the interrelationships between cardiovascular risk factors, obesity and thyroid disorders among diabetes mellitus patients in Arar, Saudi Arabia. While participants demonstrated some awareness of the link between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
Prevalence and Pattern of Tobacco-associated Oral Lesion among Migrant Construction Workers in Chennai: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Das Ayesh , Doraikanan Sri Sakthi , Doraiswamy Jayakumar Nadathur , Chellappa Lalitha Rani
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Tobacco use is a leading risk factor for oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions, particularly among low-income populations. Migrant construction workers represent a vulnerable group due to occupational stress, lack of healthcare access and socioeconomic challenges. This study examines the prevalence and patterns of tobacco-associated oral lesions in this demographic to inform targeted interventions and policy measures. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among 1,671 migrant construction workers in Chennai using a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. Data on demographic details, tobacco use (smoking and smokeless) and oral lesions were collected through questionnaires and clinical examinations, adhering to WHO guidelines. Statistical analysis, including logistic regression, was performed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: Among the participants, 84.8% used smokeless tobacco, while 15.2% were smokers. The prevalence of tobacco-associated oral lesions was 36.8%, with leukoplakia (8.6%) and oral submucous fibrosis (7.8%) being the most common. The buccal mucosa was the most affected site. Significant correlations were observed between tobacco use and lesion prevalence, with younger age groups (28–38 years) and males being the most affected. Conclusions: This study highlights the high prevalence of tobacco-associated oral lesions among migrant construction workers, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention programs. Recommendations include workplace-based tobacco cessation initiatives, regular oral health screenings and culturally sensitive awareness campaigns. Future studies should address long-term impacts, barriers to healthcare access and integration of findings into national oral health strategies.
Pendampingan Pengelolaan Bank Sampah Mandiri di Desa Rejomulyo Kecamatan Panekan Kabupaten Magetan
Authors: Sunaryo Sunaryo , Koesmantoro Hery , Hendrarinata Frida
Published: February 2025

Desa Rejomulyo, yang terletak di lereng Gunung Lawu, menghadapi masalah dalam pengelolaan sampah setelah penutupan beberapa Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah (TPS). Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan timbulan sampah rumah tangga sehingga warga yang kurang pengetahuan manajemen pengelolaan smapah, membuang sampah di kebun atau membakarnya dan menciptakan masalah lingkungan berupa pencemaran udara dan tanah. Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PKM) oleh Prodi Sanitasi Diploma III Kampus Magetan bertujuan mendukung pengelolaan sampah melalui Bank Sampah Mandiri, untuk meningkatkan keterampilan warga dalam memanfaatkan sampah anorganik. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pendampingan, pendidikan, pelatihan, dan praktek lapangan dengan mitra Karang Taruna Tunas Remaja. Hasilnya, warga menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dari 60% menjadi 90% dalam pemilahan dan pengelolaan sampah, yang berpotensi menjadi sumber pendapatan baru. Program ini juga memberi peluang bagi dosen dan mahasiswa untuk mengaplikasikan pengetahuan mereka.
Penyuluhan Hipertensi dengan CERDIK di Posyandu Lansia Dusun Wonosari Desa Poncol
Authors: Marsanti Avicena Sakufa , Nazhifah Silvia Nabilatun , Valentina Ayunda Hapsari , Saputra Bagas , Ardiasari Della Febrianti , Prasetia Eliyan , Naqiyyah Salsabila Fairuz , Purwanti Selviar , Hasanah Zahira Itsna Uswatun
Published: February 2025

Berdasarkan data di posyandu lansia, menunjukkan tekanan darah pada lansia rata rata diatas 120/80mmHg. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh konsumsi makanan berminyak dan bersantan serta aktivitas berlebihan di ladang oleh kebanyakan lansia di Dusun Wonosari Desa Poncol. Tujuan dari Penyuluhan ini adalah meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat dusun Wonosari, Desa Poncol mengenai hipertensi melalui program CERDIK. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan ini adalah dengan menyampaikan edukasi kesehatan, praktik senam lansia, dan memberikan resep jus penurun tekanan darah kepada peserta dengan menggunakan media poster. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah keaktifan dalam mengikuti serangkaian acara dalam kegiatan untuk mencegah hipertensi yang diikuti oleh 67 peserta posyandu lansia Dusun Wonosari, Desa Poncol. Perlu adanya pelatihan kader untuk meningkatkan kemampuan dalam bidang kesehatan serta dilakukan pendekatan kepada seluruh lansia agar dapat rutin hadir di posyandu lansia.
Edukasi Berbasis Masyarakat sebagai Upaya Pencegahan dan Penanganan Penyakit Leptospirosis
Authors: Hidayati Alpha Olivia , Zubad Muhammad , Meilani Brigita Cindy , Virgita Jesika Windi
Published: February 2025

Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang Leptospirosis melalui kegiatan edukasi, diskusi dan tanya jawab. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Wilayah Dasawisma 3 Kelurahan Prenggan Kotagede Yogyakarta dengan kelompok sasaran ibu-ibu. Media yang digunakan adalah leaflet. Pre test dan post test digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman terkait materi yang diberikan. Hasil PkM dapat diketahui bahwa pemahaman masyarakat tentang pengertian Leptospirosis meningkat 18%, pemahaman tentang faktor risiko meningkat 27%, pemahaman tentang cara pencegahan Leptospirosis meningkat 30%, pemahaman tentang gejala Leptospirosis meningkat 35%, dan pemahaman tentang cara penanganan Leptospirosis meningkat 26%. Pelaksanaan PkM ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian penyuluhan tentang Leptospirosis yang telah dilaksanakan di Wilayah Dasawisma 3 Kelurahan Prenggan Kotagede Yogyakarta me-nunjukkan adanya peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat. Sosialisasi tentang pencegahan dan penanganan Leptospirosis di masyarakat perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman sehingga masyarakat bisa menerapkannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Edukasi Nutrisi Selama Laktasi di Posyandu Sri Tanjung Desa Grudo Kabupaten Ngawi
Authors: Ekayamti Endri , Sa'adah Hamidatus Daris
Published: February 2025

Edukasi tentang nutrisi selama laktasi penting untuk mendukung keberhasilan menyusui yang mempengaruhi kesehatan ibu dan bayi. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan pada 12 Desember 2024 di Sri Tanjung Dusun Ngronggi dengan 10 ibu nifas. Kegiatan dimulai dengan pre-test, dilanjutkan dengan penyuluhan mengenai kebutuhan gizi ibu menyusui, jenis makanan yang mendukung ASI, dan dilanjutkan dengan post-test. Hasil menunjukkan peningkatan 40% dalam pengetahuan peserta setelah edukasi. Meskipun ada peningkatan signifikan, tantangan seperti keterbatasan waktu dan ekonomi menghambat penerapan pola makan sehat. Program lanjutan yang memberikan solusi praktis terkait pengelolaan makanan sehat dibutuhkan. Kegiatan ini efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu nifas dan berpotensi memperbaiki kualitas ASI serta mendukung kesehatan ibu dan bayi.
Implementation of Poverty Reduction Policies in the Province of North Sulawesi
Authors: Tamuntuan Syenny F. , Pangkey Itje , Bulo Laurens
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the research was to find out, analyze and describe the coordination function mechanism in the Poverty Reduction Coordination Team (TKPK) of North Sulawesi Province in accelerating poverty alleviation in North Sulawesi and the determinant factors. This research used descriptive qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques used by researchers are observation, interviews and document studies. The informants in this study amounted to 16 people who were determined by purposive sampling technique. The indicators used in the coordination function mechanism are Organizational Structure, Coordination Process, Stakeholder Involvement, Program Implementation, and Monitoring and Evaluation. Meanwhile, the indicator for the determinant factor is Funding. The results showed that 1) The implementation mechanism of the poverty reduction coordination policy in North Sulawesi Province has not run optimally. Inappropriate program implementation was caused by the organizational structure, the involvement of relevant stakeholders, and the coordination process between team members that was not well established. Ineffective monitoring and evaluation resulted in obstacles that could not be anticipated and overcome; 2) Funding is one of the inhibiting factors in the implementation of poverty reduction coordination policies in North Sulawesi Province. There is a limited budget as a support system for the implementation of tasks that are not budgeted in the North Sulawesi Province Regional Budget (APBD).
Implementation of Subsidized Fertilizer Distribution Policy in South Minahasa Regency
Authors: Kordak Devie , Pangkey Itje , Pangkey Itje , Kairupan Sisca B.
Published: February 2025

This research aims to find out, analyze and describe the implementation of subsidized fertilizer distribution policies in the Ranoiapo district of South Minahasa regency and the determinant factors. This research uses qualitative method. The focus of this research is the mechanism of distribution of subsidized fertilizer policy in Ranoiapo District of South Minahasa Regency and the determinant factors of subsidized fertilizer distribution policy in Ranoiapo District of South Minahasa Regency with indicators: socialization, mechanism of subsidized fertilizer distribution, implementing apparatus, and ability to master technology. The results showed that 1) Socialization activities of subsidized fertilizer distribution in South Minahasa Regency, especially in Ranoiapo District, have not run optimally. It takes an active role of the government in this case agricultural extension workers as a companion to farmer groups in preparing the Definitive Plan of Group Needs (RDKK); 2) The mechanism of subsidized fertilizer distribution in South Minahasa Regency, especially in Ranoiapo district, is not implemented in accordance with the decision of the Director General of Agricultural Infrastructure and Facilities Number 34.11/KPTS/RC.210/B/12/2023 concerning Technical Guidelines for the Management of Subsidized Fertilizers for Fiscal Year 2023; 3) The local government as the implementing apparatus and policy maker in the distribution of subsidized fertilizers does not play an active role in carrying out its duties and functions. Implementation of monitoring and evaluation from the government as one of the factors that must be done to answer the various obstacles faced in the field; 4) Farmers as subsidized fertilizer users do not fully understand and understand the use of technology, in this case the Farmer Card which is one of the products of the government program to record and compile farmers' needs for fertilizers and as a means of redeeming subsidized fertilizers at kiosks or official retailers.
Policy Implementation of the Formation of the Heirloom-Flag Hoisting Troops (Paskibra) in Manado City
Authors: Tampi Joanna F. A. , Bogar Wilson , Tumbel Goinpeace H.
Published: February 2025

The main purpose of this research is to find out, analyze and describe and discuss the implementation of the policy on the formation of the Heirloom-Flag Hoisting Troops (Paskibraka) in Manado City, especially with regard to recruitment and selection as well as the policy of centralizing education and training. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, documentation. Data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. In this study there are three indicators: (1) Recruitment, (2) Selection, and (3) Education and Training Centering. The results showed that the policy has not been fully implemented in accordance with the mandate of the Regulation of the Pancasila Ideology Development Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 3 of 2022 concerning the Presidential Implementation Regulation Number 51 of 2022 concerning the Heirloom-Flag Hoisting Troops Program. The ”Desa Bahagia” System where Paskibraka candidates are housed in 1 (one) location for a minimum of 14 (fourteen) days is not implemented in the education and training center. Several obstacles were found in the lack of Human Resources (HR) in the field that handles program implementation, lack of coordination between sections, and then the limited budget. The local government, in this case the National Unity and Political Agency of Manado City as the implementer of the formation program of the Heirloom-Flag Hoisting Troops (Paskibraka) in Manado City, must further examine: a) Budget planning that supports the Paskibraka formation program; b) Availability of human resources, the number of employees in the field specifically handling the Paskibraka program; c Provision of facilities and infrastructure to support the implementation of policies.
Implementation of the Performance Allowance Policy at the Regional Inspectorate Office of North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Maramis Deysje F. , Tumbel Goinpeace H. , Bogar Wilson
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation process of the performance allowance policy at the Regional Inspectorate Office of North Sulawesi Province, identify obstacles faced during its implementation, and assess its impact on employee performance. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach using data collection methods such as in-depth interviews, observation, and document review. Analysis was conducted using thematic analysis techniques to identify patterns and main themes related to the implementation of the performance allowance policy. The results showed that the performance allowance policy at the Regional Inspectorate Office of North Sulawesi Province had been implemented in accordance with applicable regulations. However, several challenges were identified, including budget constraints, resistance from some employees, and a lack of understanding of the performance appraisal mechanism. The impact of this policy on employee performance varies. Some employees experienced increased motivation and productivity, while others were less affected by the policy. Factors such as transparency in performance evaluation and clarity in reward mechanisms play an important role in the effectiveness of performance allowance policies. This study recommends improvements in policy communication, increased socialization of the performance allowance mechanism, and continuous evaluation to ensure that the policy is more effective and fair for all employees.
Effectiveness of Internal Supervision of the Inspectorate of East Bolaang Mongondow Regency
Authors: Lukman Riri , Kairupan Sisca B. , Mokat Jetty E. H. , Mandagi Marthinus
Published: February 2025

This study aims to analyze and describe the effectiveness of internal supervision conducted by the East Bolaang Mongondow Regency Inspectorate in carrying out its oversight functions on government programs and activities. This research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and document analysis, while data analysis is conducted using an interactive model comprising data collection, data display, data condensation, and verification. Effective internal supervision is a critical element in ensuring accountable and transparent regional governance. The East Bolaang Mongondow Inspectorate, as the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus (APIP), faces various challenges in implementing follow-ups on audit recommendations, including limited human resources, inadequate infrastructure support, and coordination issues among institutions. In 2023, 16.48% of audit recommendations remained unaddressed, with unresolved regional financial losses totaling IDR 29.3 billion. These findings highlight the need to enhance auditee compliance and strengthen internal control systems. The study reveals that while internal supervision has generally been conducted well, it encounters obstacles such as limited human resources, inadequate auditee responsiveness, and suboptimal inter-agency coordination. These factors affect the follow-up of audit recommendations, impacting the overall effectiveness of supervision. The study recommends improving human resource capacity, enhancing internal control systems, and strengthening inter-agency coordination to create more effective and efficient supervision.
Management of Local Government Website at the Communication and Information Office of East Bolaang Mongondow Regency
Authors: Mamonto Wawan Fermana , Tumber Goinpeace , Mamonto Fitri
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to describe, analyze, and explain the management of local government websites at the Communication and Information Office of East Bolaang Mongondow Regency. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. The focus of this research is on the Management of Local Government Websites at the Communication and Informatics Office which includes financing, human resource competencies, facilities and infrastructure, and Monitoring and Evaluation. The sub-focus or indicators are budgeting, budget realization, knowledge and skills of website operators, facilities, supervision and leadership involvement. Website Management of the Regional Government of East Bolaang Mongondow Regency has not been implemented properly as evidenced by the many cyber/hacker attacks that occur by Online Gambling Sites. The obstacles faced by the Communication and Informatics Office of East Bolaang Mongondow Regency are inadequate facilities provided, the limited budget ceiling set for the implementation of website management and the lack of operator competence in website security systems. Allocating sufficient funds to the website management activity program and increasing the competence of website operators will make the website management of the East Bolaang Mongondow local government run optimally.
The Relationship Between School Administrators' Social Justice Leadership Behaviors and Teachers' Levels of Organizational Happiness
Authors: Sebila Bulbul , Cemaloglu Necati
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between school administrators' social justice leadership behaviors and teachers' levels of organizational happiness, according to the perspectives of teachers. The study adopts a relational survey model and employs a quantitative research approach. The population comprises 4000 teachers from primary and secondary schools in a Turkish province for the 2024 -2025 academic year, with a sample of 380 teachers selected via purposive sampling. Data collection tools include a Personal Information Form, School Principals' Social Justice Leadership Behaviors Scale, and Organizational Happiness Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25. Descriptive statistics, including arithmetic mean and standard deviation, were calculated to address the first two sub-problems. Correlation analysis was used to address the third sub-problem, and multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the fourth sub-problem. The findings indicate that social justice leadership behaviors of school administrators are perceived as moderately high, with "Support" emerging as the most prominent sub-dimension. Teachers' organizational happiness levels are also perceived as moderate to high, with "Realization of Potential" being the highest- rated sub-dimension. Correlation analysis reveals a significant positive relationship between social justice leadership and organizational happiness, with supportive leadership behaviors strongly associated with positive emotions and fulfillment. Conversely, leadership behaviors that lack participatory and reflective elements show weaker predictive power regarding organizational happiness. The regression analysis underscores that "Support" is the most significant predictor of teachers' organizational happiness, highlighting the critical role of supportive leadership in fostering a positive organizational environment. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of inclusive, equitable, and support-based leadership practices to enhance teachers' well-being and professional satisfaction.
The Relationship Between Teachers' Self-Efficacy Perceptions and Self-Esteem Levels
Authors: Canaslan Ayten , Sönmez Azmi , Cemaloğlu Necati
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between teachers' perceptions of interpersonal self-efficacy and their self-esteem levels. In the study, the relational survey method, which is included in the general survey model based on quantitative data, was used. The population of the study consists of 4979 teachers working in public schools in Kastamonu province of Turkey in the 2024-2025 academic year, and the sample consists of 230 teachers selected by simple random sampling method. Interpersonal Self-Efficacy Scale and Self-Esteem Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. SPSS 25 statistical package program was used to analyze the data. In the analysis of the first two sub-problems, arithmetic mean and standard deviation analyses were performed for descriptive statistics. Correlation analysis was used to analyze the third sub-problem and regression analysis was used to analyze the fourth sub-problem. According to the results of the research, teachers' perception of self-efficacy is at a very high level. When the sub-dimensions were analyzed, it was seen that the perception of self-efficacy related to obtaining support from colleagues was higher than the perception of self-efficacy related to obtaining support from administrators and perceived self-efficacy in classroom management. Teachers' self-esteem is at a high level. As a result of the research, it was seen that there was a moderate positive significant relationship between teachers' self-efficacy perceptions and their self-esteem. As teachers' perceptions of perceived self-efficacy in classroom management, perceptions of perceived self-efficacy in obtaining support from colleagues and perceptions of perceived self-efficacy in obtaining support from administrators increase, their self-esteem increases. Among the sub-dimensions of self-efficacy, teachers' perceptions of perceived self-efficacy in classroom management and perceptions of perceived self-efficacy in obtaining support from colleagues are significant predictors of teachers' self-esteem. All findings were discussed in relation to the related literature.
Administrative management in agricultural grain conservation processes in Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: Alfonso Reyna Parra
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to analyse the conditions of administrative management in agricultural grain preservation processes in Sinaloa, considering that the storage procedures of these products represent an important part of the work of this sector. Storage and conservation require a necessarily careful administrative organisation, which also incorporates important safety processes due to the risks and the maintenance of the product in healthy conditions. In the case of maize, companies in the region have an important relationship with storage in conservation silos, where there is a link with regional economic conditions and work culture. Hypothesis: The use of storage technologies requires extraordinary management and organisational processes because of the risks involved. The entrepreneur in the region leads the administrative organisation to regular levels, without applying the greatest effort considering cost reduction, so that the individual interest is emphasised in relation to employment and wages.
Development of a Social Science curriculum Using Social Media Applications to Enhance Global Awareness and Digital Citizenship Skills in Elementary School Students
Authors: Tapung Marianus
Published: February 2025

This research aims to develop social media-based social science learning at an elementary school in Nampong Manggarai to increase students' global awareness and digital citizenship skills. The study involved grade five students as research subjects, utilizing the modified Research and Development (R&D) method of the Borg & Gall model, which is divided into seven stages. Data is collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The results showed that the developed learning design received positive validation from experts with an average score of 4.0 out of a scale of 5.0. The implementation of learning showed a significant improvement in several aspects: the active participation rate of students reached 85%, global awareness increased by 27.7%, and digital citizenship skills increased by 29.3%. A wide-scale trial of 98 students confirmed the effectiveness of the design with consistent improvements in global awareness (25.7%) and digital citizenship skills (27.2%). The user satisfaction rate reaches 92% for teachers and 90% for students. This research produces a social media-based social science learning design that effectively develops 21st-century competencies, supports the transformation of the educational paradigm from a traditional knowledge transmission model to technology-based transformative learning, and prepares students to become competent and responsible digital citizens.
The Leadership Style of Female Heads of Household in Coffee Farming Amidst the Masculinity of Coffee Plantations
Authors: Wahyudi Fidela Dzatadini , Ibrahim Jabal Tarik , Soedarwo Vina Salviana Darvina
Published: February 2025

The limitations of space and opportunities for women in patriarchal cultures hinder them from demonstrating their leadership abilities. Women are often perceived as weak in terms of physical, psychological, and intellectual capabilities, leading patriarchal societies to predominantly entrust leadership roles to men. This study conducts an in-depth analysis of female leadership styles in coffee plantations, historically male-dominated, when women are afforded the opportunity to lead, particularly after separation from their husbands, whether through divorce or widowhood, thereby becoming female heads of households. The study employs a phenomenological method and Beauvoir's concept of transcendence. Findings reveal that male leadership tends to segregate tasks based on gender, distinguishing between those suitable for men and women, whereas female leadership emphasizes delegation, empathy, and non-discriminatory task assignment, regardless of gender.
Formation in married life: A comparative study in the Diocese of Changzhi
Authors: Li Yan Peng , Tan Carmen M. , Cordova Romelle S.
Published: February 2025

This study, "Formation in Married Life: A Comparative Study in the Diocese of Changzhi," discuss the effects of pre-marriage and post-marriage programs of changzhi diocese on married couples. The study aims to compare the marriage life of couples who joined the programs and those who did not. The paper is based on Catholic teachings, especially from Pope John Paul II's "Familiaris Consortio," Pope Francis's "Amoris Laetitia," and the Vatican's "Catechumenal Pathways for Married Life." These teachings stress the importance of spiritual preparation and support before and after marriage. They aim to make marriages stronger and families more peaceful. The study used stories from interviews with six couples. Three couples joined the programs, and three did not. The study shows big differences in how they understand marriage, communicate, and solve problems. Couples who joined the programs communicate better, have a deeper spiritual bond, and solve conflicts more easily. This helps create a more peaceful and stable marriage. The study concludes that marriage programs improve marriage quality and gives ideas to help the diocese make these programs better.
CARA ASYIK DAN CEPAT MENYELESAIKAN SOAL-SOAL MATEMATIKA
Authors: Simamora Yumira , Lubis Ulfa Annisa , Rafidah Rafidah
Published: February 2025

Mathematics is often considered a difficult and scary subject for students, thereby reducing their motivation and understanding in solving mathematics problems. This research aims to introduce a fun and fast learning method for solving mathematics problems through a systematic and interactive problem solving strategy approach. This activity was carried out in the form of community service at SMKS Telkom 1 Medan using demonstration and direct practice methods. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' understanding and motivation towards mathematics, especially in using tricks to solve problems in a faster and more efficient way. Evaluation through pre-test and post-test shows that students have experienced significant improvements in solving questions more precisely and confidently. Thus, the use of innovative and fun learning methods can help students overcome difficulties in learning mathematics and improve their problem solving skills.
METODE CEPAT MENGHAFAL HADIS SANAD DAN MATAN BAGI REMAJA MASJID
Authors: Juriono Juriono
Published: February 2025

The "Quick Method for Memorizing Hadith Sanad and Matan" was initially a small book written by a hadith expert named Dr. Ahmad Lutfi Fathullah. Through this small book, the author attempted to test the method in the form of community service by applying it. The target group for this experiment was the youth of Masjid Al-Ma'ruf, conducted over the course of one month, resulting in significant outcomes. The conclusion drawn was that within a relatively short period, the youth were able to memorize more than 40 hadiths, complete with their sanad and matan.
EVALUATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF SALVIA ROSMARINUS ESSENTIAL OIL ON NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
Authors: Visternicu Malina Mihaela , Rarinca Viorica , Burlui Vasile , Ciobica Alin
Published: February 2025

Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is an aromatic plant that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its remarkable therapeutic properties. Rosemary contains bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective actions, and it is recognized for its beneficial effects on mental and cognitive health. This review explores the therapeutic potential of rosemary in alleviating nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), addiction, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Preclinical and clinical research suggests that rosemary extracts, through their active compounds, may enhance cognitive function, protect neurons from oxidative stress, and modulate neurotransmitters involved in cognitive and emotional processes. The findings indicate that rosemary could be a promising complementary therapy in managing nervous system disorders, offering significant benefits for mental and neurological health. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the efficacy and safety of long-term use.
Neuroprotective Potentials Of Extracts From Moringa Oleifera And Musa Sapientum Against Cadmium Chloride-Induced Neurotoxicity In Rats Cerebri
Authors: Akinlolu Adelaja
Published: February 2025

Cadmium (Cd)-exposure in humans causes nervous system dysfunctions. In rats, Cd-exposure resulted in increases of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation levels in the hippocampus. This study evaluated the neuroprotective potential of active drug compounds extracted from Moringa oleifera leaves (MO11) and Musa sapientum suckers (MS06) in cadmium chloride (CdCl2)-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Adult male Wistar rats totalling 24 in number, were grouped randomly into six with four rats per group. Group 1 served as the control. An intraperitoneal single-dose of CdCl2 was administered to rats of Groups 2 to 4 and 6 on Day 1. MO11-dose, MO11+MS06-doses, and Doxorubicin-dose were respectively administered to rats of Groups 3, 4, and 6 for post-treatment of CdCl2-induced neurotoxicity. Rats of Group 5 were administered Olive Oil-dose (vehicle) for 17 days. Tissue concentrations of catalase, superoxide dismutase, cyclo-oxygenase-2 and cytochrome P450 in rats’ cerebri were determined using ELISA. Statistical analyses (p ≤ 0.05) of data were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U Test. Results showed increased catalase levels, similar superoxide dismutase levels, decreased cytochrome P450 levels and decreased cyclo-oxygenase-2 levels in rats of Groups 3, 4, and 6 in comparison with Group 2. The tested extracts impacted some levels of neuroprotection, neuroregeneration, antioxidant and anticancer capacities against neurotoxicity caused by CdCl2 exposure.
Analysis of Character and Characterization of Main Character in Novel After (2019) By Anna Todd
Authors: Ramadhani Eka Syafira , Rohmana Wahyu Indah Mala
Published: February 2025

This research aims to explore the characterization of the two main characters in Anna Todd's novel After (2019): Tessa Young and Hardin Scott. By utilizing data collected from the text of the novel, along with supplementary internet research, the study delves into various intrinsic elements such as character development, themes, and setting. This comprehensive analysis reveals that characterization encompasses a range of aspects, including a character's attitude, physical traits, actions, speech patterns, and perspectives on the challenges they encounter throughout the narrative.Through a detailed examination of Tessa and Hardin, the research highlights how their individual complexities and growth contribute significantly to the overarching themes of love, trust, and emotional conflict in the story. The findings underscore the importance of understanding character dynamics in literature, as these dynamics play a crucial role in shaping readers' engagement and interpretation of the narrative. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights into how character development influences the reader's experience, showcasing the depth of Todd's work and its exploration of the intricacies of human relationships.
Morphological Review in the Subtitle of “The Social Dilemma” Movie and Its Translation Quality
Authors: Trisnawati Nia , Adika Dimas
Published: February 2025

This research focuses on the quality of translation used in the movie “The Social Dilemma” through a morphological analysis. By exploring the film as a whole and then using a purposive sampling technique, the researchers selected terms that aligned with the objectives of this study. Using the theory from Garvey and Delahunty (2010), Hana and Feldman (2013), and Zapata (2000), the researchers found 7 types of words formation, which are affixation, compounding, abbreviation, conversion, coinage, borrowing, and blending. Through the process of identification, this study found some translation quality issues by elaborating those 7 types of word formation which were explained based on Nababan, Nuraeni, and Sumardiono (2012) theory in terms of their accuracy, acceptability, and readability. This study provides readers with an understanding of the types of morphological terms used and aims to benefit future researchers.