bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La violencia del narcotráfico en los países de mayor producción de coca: los casos de Perú y Colombia
Authors: Cubides Salazar Olga Marcela
Published: September 2015

El presente trabajo realiza una comparación entre la violencia del narcotráfico de Perú y Colombia,siendo estos dos países los mayores productoresde cocaína en el mundo, pero teniendo niveles distintos de violencia. En el caso de Perú los niveles de violencia son bajos y en el caso de Colombia notablemente elevados. El trabajo plantea que el cultivo y producción de  droga en sí mismo no es fuente de altos niveles de violencia,sino que la intensidad de esta depende de la presencia de más variables en juego.
Acceso a servicios de salud: análisis de barreras y estrategias en el caso de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Restrepo-Zea Jairo Humberto , Silva-Maya Constanza , Andrade-Rivas Federico , VH-Dover Robert
Published: September 2015

el acceso a servicios de salud es un tema de creciente preocupación, en el caso colombiano haganado importancia frente al aseguramiento. Objetivo: construir un concepto de acceso e identificar barrerasy estrategias, desde la perspectiva de actores en Medellín. Material y métodos: investigación cualitativacon énfasis en tres zonas de Medellín. Resultados: se identificaron similitudes y diferencias en la visióndel acceso, las cuales permitieron construir el concepto. Las barreras y los facilitadores se atribuyen afactores de oferta y de demanda. La mayoría de las barreras se dan en el acceso real, durante la búsqueda ycontinuidad del tratamiento. Algunas características sociales de la población también son factores determinantes.Discusión y conclusiones: los actores recurren a estrategias para solventar las barreras de acceso. Elanálisis cualitativo del concepto de acceso, de las barreras y las facilidades permite identificar alternativasque pueden servir de insumo para políticas en salud.
Características de la dieta en niños de 2 a 5 años según la recepción de programas alimentarios en el hogar en Argentina
Authors: Acosta-Campos Laura Débora
Published: September 2015

analizar las características de la dieta en niños argentinos de 2 a 5 años que reciben intervencionesalimentarias en el hogar, en el año 2005. Métodos: se analizó la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud(ennys). El muestreo de la ennys fue probabilístico, estratificado por conglomerados, n=7046. Se utilizóla metodología Propensity Score Matching (psm) para la constitución de grupos comparables de niños quereciben y no reciben intervenciones alimentarias en el hogar. Se analizó el consumo de macro y micronutrientes,energía, proporción de energía destinada a cada tiempo de comida y grupos de alimentos. Resultadosy conclusiones: se observó un menor consumo de energía y calcio, y una mayor proporción de energíaproveniente de cereales, en los niños que reciben intervención alimentaria en el hogar; lo que indicaría quelos niños que reciben programas alimentarios no presentan una mejor calidad de la dieta.
Estado del arte de la investigación en acceso a los servicios de salud en Colombia, 2000-2013: revisión sistemática crítica
Authors: Tovar-Cuevas Luis Miguel , Arrivillaga-Quintero Marcela
Published: September 2015

Este estudio presenta una revisión sistemática de los trabajos de investigación en el tema delacceso a servicios de salud en Colombia en el periodo 2000-2013. Las bases de datos empleadaspara la búsqueda fueron Ebsco, Jstor, Proquest, ISI Web of Science, scielo y Cochrane. Losresultados mostraron que la mayoría de los estudios se efectuaron entre 2006 y 2011, la mayorparte de los cuales analizaron áreas urbanas. Una tercera parte consistió en una investigaciónsobre datos nacionales, en donde las temáticas estuvieron centradas en equidad en la utilizaciónde servicios, algunos grupos de población vulnerables, acceso a algunos servicios específicos,así como en las implicaciones de la Ley 100 de 1993 en el acceso. Los resultados sugirieronque es necesario que Colombia mejore las fuentes de información, que los marcos teóricossean adaptados al contexto y que se realicen estudios que aborden de manera integral todos loseslabones que involucran el acceso.
Reseña del libro Globalización, libre comercio y salud
Authors: Espinosa-Restrepo Helena
Published: September 2015

Reseña
Análisis de publicaciones en promoción de la salud: una mirada a las tendencias relacionadas con prevención de la enfermedad
Authors: Díaz-Mosquera Silvia Paulina , Rodríguez-Villamil Luz Natalia , Valencia-González Alejandra Milena
Published: September 2015

Para acercarse al estado de la discusión sobre promoción de la salud en Colombia, se realizó una investigación cualitativa de tipo documental que analizó el contenido de artículos publicados en revistas indexadas entre el año 2000 y el 2010, con el objetivo de conocer las tendencias y los aportes a la discusión sobre promoción de la salud. Una de las categorías relevantes fue la relación promoción de la salud-prevención de la enfermedad, dentro de la cual se evidencian como tendencias: asumirlas como conceptos unificados, y como conceptos diferenciados y problematización de la en la práctica, que discute con el sistema de aseguramiento, con la interdisciplinariedad e intersectorialidad y los límites confusos entre. Se plantea la necesidad de abordajes que superen la mirada dicotómica y disciplinar, así como reconocer en los escenarios cotidianos, lugares de concreción y aprendizaje de la
La investigación en instituciones de salud de mediana y alta complejidad del Valle de Aburrá, 2011
Authors: Arboleda-Posada Gladys Irene , Cardona-Jiménez Jairo León
Published: September 2015

Objetivo: identificar el nivel de conocimiento de los empleados acerca de las políticas de investigación en las instituciones de salud de mediana y alta complejidad en el Valle de Aburrá, Colombia. Metodología: investigación de corte transversal, con aplicación de encuestas a 224 empleados en las instituciones prestadoras de servicios salud de alta (52) y mediana complejidad (322), públicas y privadas en el 2011. Resultados: en referencia al conocimiento de la existencia de políticas de investigación, se encontró que este es mayor en los empleados de las instituciones de alta complejidad (p = 0,000). Más del 70 % de los empleados encuestados manifestaron su interés en trabajar en proyectos de investigación. Conclusión: las instituciones de salud de alta complejidad y públicas tuvieron más desarrollos en investigación y se percibió gran interés por la investigación en los empleados del sector salud, con independencia del nivel de complejidad, del tipo de institución y del nivel de formación.
Después de la ampliación de la internet hogareña: los adolescentes de sectores populares y los cibers en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Linne Joaquín
Published: September 2015

Esta investigación explora la situación de los cibercafés en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y de su principal población, los adolescentes de sectores populares. Aunque en los últimos años millones de adolescentes abandonaron estos espacios como consecuencia de la ampliación de la Internet hogareña, en sectores populares muchos adolescentes aún continúan asistiendo en busca de recreación lúdico-comunicativa, información e integración social. La metodología utilizada consiste en 40 entrevistas en profundidad, observaciones participantes y análisis de contenido de perfiles de Facebook (n: 200). Entre los resultados, se destaca que las principales prácticas de estos adolescentes son comunicativas y que estos espacios funcionan para ellos como herramientas de alfabetización digital, sociabilidad entre pares e inclusión ciudadana.
Verdad pragmática y verdad consensual en Habermas: Una lectura lonerganeana
Authors: Galán Vélez Francisco Vicente
Published: September 2015

El objetivo del artículo es examinar el criterio de verdad que acepta Lonergan y que consiste en la ausencia de preguntas ulteriores pertinentes. Esta posición se compara con la que defendió Habermas en Verdad y Justificación, donde abandonó la teoría consensual de la verdad, para adoptar una verdad que llamó “pragmática”. En ambas posturas se distingue entre los juicios fácticos que se hacen en el campo de la significación del sentido común, y los que se hacen en el de las proposiciones científicas, en el que no es posible alcanzar la certeza.
¿Qué fue del hombre, entre el sentido y el desbordamiento del lenguaje de la fe? Aproximaciones desde Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Tell María Belén
Published: September 2015

El presente escrito aborda dos cuestiones centrales: la primera presenta, escuetamente, dos etapas del despliegue antropológico de Paul Ricoeur, como un esfuerzo por pensar al hombre con una lógica renovada. La segunda enuncia que en tal recorrido filosófico se inserta un plus de sentido en el lenguaje mismo de la fe, que acompaña el propio desarrollo antropológico, y que a su vez desborda y contiene la tarea filosófica específica, aclarando que tal cometido excede los propósitos explícitos del autor francés. En otros términos, pretende tan solo esbozar un “gesto de apertura” de la filosofía contemporánea que, aceptando su heredad, también asume renovados matices, honduras y alcances, permitiéndole a la labor filosófica y al propio ser humano, ir más allá de sí mismos.
Providencia, racionalidad y ley natural en el Estoicismo
Authors: Gómez Espíndola Laura Liliana
Published: September 2015

Los intérpretes y las fuentes mismas del estoicismo tienden a equiparar las nociones de providencia, racionalidad y ley natural. En contraste con esta tendencia, el objetivo de este artículo es hacer un análisis de dichas nociones con miras a delimitar cuál es el papel explicativo que los estoicos atribuían a cada una de ellas. Esto permitirá tener una mejor comprensión de la teoría estoica de la constitución del mundo y de las diferentes funciones que la mente divina desempeña en ella. Se argumentará que la providencia es una función vinculada a la voluntad divina y referente al objetivo buscado en la constitución del mundo. La racionalidad divina remite a las exigencias lógicas y causales que han de ser respetadas en dicha constitución. Y la noción de ley natural remite a un aspecto normativo de la naturaleza establecido por la recta razón divina.
El sujeto ético en la civilización tecnológica. La propuesta de Hans Jonas
Authors: Zanon Andrei , Trevisol Marcio
Published: September 2015

Las éticas tradicionales ya no bastan para satisfacer las demandas de los poderes que el ser humano posee mediante la técnica. El desarrollo de la tecnología ha despertado en la humanidad una serie de preocupaciones que demandan reflexiones éticas sobre lo que es realmente valioso: la vida. La humanidad necesita con urgencia sabiduría para emplear responsablemente el poder que viene de la técnica. Kant propone como base de la moralidad la autonomía de la voluntad libre. Con el fin de saber si existe una razón pura capaz por sí sola de determinar la voluntad sin recurrir a la sensibilidad y a la experiencia, formula una ética del deber. La propuesta de una ética de la responsabilidad de Hans Jonas contiene un nuevo imperativo: las características del principio de responsabilidad. Mostrando que el sujeto ético en la civilización tecnológica es aquel que actúa con cuidado y precaución, la ética de la responsabilidad agrega toda la naturaleza, por lo que el principio de responsabilidad consiste en que asumamos la responsabilidad de la precaución y el cuidado con comportamientos éticos que nos hagan virtuosos preocupándonos por la vida y en búsqueda de un vivir mejor.
EL JUEZ Y EL PRECEDENTE: HACIA UNA REINTERPRETACIÓN DE LA SEPARACIÓN DE PODERES
Authors: García López Luisa Fernanda
Published: September 2015

El papel del juez durante la República Romana fue determinante y luegoabolido y relegado a la “boca de la ley” con la Revolución Francesa. Porsu parte, en el esquema anglosajón el juez es creador de derecho y su papeles determinante en el ordenamiento jurídico norteamericano. La realidad jurídica colombiana se ha visto marcada por un rol protagónico de la jurisprudencia constitucional en materia de derechos fundamentales y depolíticas públicas. En esa medida, la separación de poderes en Colombiaobedece a una figura que ha evolucionando desde 1991. La concepciónclásica de separación de poderes, o de balance de poderes se ha venido reinterpretando; una nueva versión involucra al juez y el precedente. La jurisprudencia como fuente del derecho en la época de la República Romana, su absoluto rechazo en la Revolución Francesa y su reinterpretaciónen el siglo XX, dan muestra de la inclusión del juez en el escenario constitucional como garante de la democracia y del derecho viviente. Es innegable el papel político y creador del derecho por parte del juez Constitucional,ya que definir e interpretar el contenido de la Constitución es unacto de creación del derecho. Por lo tanto, la democracia actual respondea una reinterpretación de la separación de poderes y la inclusión del juezen el escenario jurídico. En esa medida, el alcance del activismo judicial responde a una actividad interpretativa y de creación de los jueces bajo la denominación de precedente. En Colombia, ese activismo a través de la acción de tutela, ha generado grandes logros a nivel de reconocimiento de derechos fundamentales y de primacía de mecanismos jurídicos ágiles y eficaces, pero más que nada refleja las carencias de un sistema jurídico que no responde a las necesidades de la sociedad.¿Cuáles son los límites de una Corte Constitucional que ha revolucionado el universo jurídico colombiano? El artículo 241 de la Constitución Política,le impide ejercer funciones propias de otros poderes, pues no debe “convertirse en legislador, sustituir al gobierno en la dirección política o decidir las causas propias de la jurisdicción ordinaria”. No obstante,como sus funciones principales son ejercer el control de constitucionalidad de las leyes y la defensa de los derechos fundamentales, es difícil fijar los límites a la justicia constitucional. Es necesario, partiendo del common law, ir creando el corpus jurisprudencial y una serie de parámetros precisos que a partir de la resolución de casos generen armonía, llenen los vacíos y ante todo forjen seguridad jurídica.
LOS MODELOS REGULATORIOS DEL ARBITRAJE LATINOAMERICANO: UN ANÁLISIS DE LAS NORMATIVAS DE ARBITRAJE DOMÉSTICO EN COLOMBIA Y EN EL HEMISFERIO
Authors: Rey Vallejo Alfredo Pablo
Published: September 2015

En el presente artículo se hace una descripción de la estructura legal delos sistemas arbitrales de los países latinoamericanos y se busca identificar qué países han optado por regulaciones monistas o dualistas parala regulación del arbitraje doméstico y el internacional. Así mismo, se identifican aquellas instituciones del arbitraje doméstico concebidas en algunas legislaciones que son abiertamente ajenas a la práctica internacional y se hace un especial énfasis en la legislación colombiana.
DE LA CAUSALIDAD ADECUADA A LA IMPUTACIÓN OBJETIVA EN LA RESPONSABILIDAD CIVIL COLOMBIANA
Authors: Rojas Quiñones Sergio , Mojica Restrepo Juan Diego
Published: September 2015

Tradicionalmente, la atribución de un resultado dañoso a su autor seha hecho a partir de un juicio puramente material o fáctico, en el cual,dependiendo de la teoría causal utilizada por el tribunal, la respuestasobre la existencia de un nexo de causalidad entre el perjuicio irrogado y la actuación del agente puede variar, a la vez que arrojar resultados que,a la luz de la equidad y la justicia, e incluso el sentido común, llegan a resultar exagerados o contraintuitivos. El presente documento aborda esta problemática para presentar, previo recuento de las diferentes solucionesque se le han dado a lo largo de la historia y de sus inconvenientes, la quese considera la teoría más adecuada para determinar la causalidad encada caso, por superar los defectos que se les achacan a aquellas que la precedieron y por su aceptación en el ámbito comparado. Con esta propuesta,se intenta evidenciar cómo, a partir de la diferenciación entre una imputación material y una imputación jurídica (o imputación objetiva),se logran resultados más acordes a la noción de justicia que subyace a la responsabilidad civil. Con todo, no se desconocen las críticas que se lepueden hacer a esta teoría, por lo que se presentan las alternativas quese consideran más idóneas para dar respuesta a estos señalamientos.
LA SUPERACIÓN DEL MONOPOLIO PROTECCIONISTA DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS EN EL ESTADO CONSTITUCIONAL MEXICANO, A PARTIR DE LA REFORMA AL ARTÍCULO PRIMERO CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Flores Martínez Alejandra , Uribe Arzate Enrique
Published: September 2015

En este trabajo se estudia la incidencia normativa entre la Constitucióny los tratados internacionales para la efectiva tutela de los derechos humanosen México, a partir de la reforma constitucional del 10 junio de2011 y la paradigmática sentencia de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de laNación en el expediente varios 912/2010. Con estos cambios, los criteriosinternacionales se convierten en parámetro interpretativo rompiendo conel único y último intérprete de los derechos humanos. Desde el enfoqueepistemológico de este trabajo, la apertura constitucional mexicana ala protección internacional de los derechos humanos genera un controlexterno y una doble garantía para estos derechos, que escapa de criteriosunilaterales o reduccionistas nacidos de la voluntad exclusiva del Estado; es decir, se trata de un diálogo recíproco entre los órganos jurisdiccionalesinternos e internacionales que busca superar el monopolio proteccionistade los derechos humanos en México.
Performing Nonsingular Transitions Between Assembly Modes in Analytic Parallel Manipulators by Enclosing Quadruple Solutions
Authors: Peidró Adrián , María Marín José , Gil Arturo , Reinoso Óscar
Published: September 2015

This paper analyzes the multiplicity of the solutions to forward kinematics of two classes of analytic robots: 2RPR-PR robots with a passive leg and 3-RPR robots with nonsimilar flat platform and base. Since their characteristic polynomials cannot have more than two valid roots, one may think that triple solutions, and hence nonsingular transitions between different assembly modes, are impossible for them. However, the authors show that the forward kinematic problems of these robots always admit quadruple solutions and obtain analytically the loci of points of the joint space where these solutions occur. Then, it is shown that performing trajectories in the joint space that enclose these points can produce nonsingular transitions, demonstrating that it is possible to design simple analytic parallel robots with two and three degrees-of-freedom (DOF) and the ability to execute these transitions.
Reusability Assessment of Lithium-Ion Laptop Batteries Based on Consumers Actual Usage Behavior
Authors: Sabbaghi Mostafa , Esmaeilian Behzad , Raihanian Mashhadi Ardeshir , Cade Willie , Behdad Sara
Published: September 2015

In this paper, a data set of Lithium-ion (Li-ion) laptop batteries has been studied with the aim of investigating the potential reusability of laptop batteries. This type of rechargeable batteries is popular due to their energy efficiency and high reliability. Therefore, understanding the life cycle of these batteries and improving the recycling process is becoming increasingly important. The reusability assessment is linked to the consumer behavior and degradation process simultaneously through monitoring the performance of batteries over their life cycle. After capturing the utilization behavior, the stability time of batteries is approximately derived. The stability time represents the interval that a battery works normally without any significant drop in performance. Consequently, the Reusability Likelihood of batteries is quantified using the number of cycles that the battery can be charged with the aim of facilitating future remarketing and recovery opportunities.
Determination of the Workspace of a Three-Degrees-of-Freedom Parallel Manipulator Using a Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided-Design Software Package and the Concept of Virtual Chains1
Authors: Johnson Andrew , Kong Xianwen , Ritchie James
Published: September 2015

The determination of workspace is an essential step in the development of parallel manipulators. By extending the virtual-chain (VC) approach to the type synthesis of parallel manipulators, this technical brief proposes a VC approach to the workspace analysis of parallel manipulators. This method is first outlined before being illustrated by the production of a three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided-design (CAD) model of a 3-RPS parallel manipulator and evaluating it for the workspace of the manipulator. Here, R, P and S denote revolute, prismatic and spherical joints respectively. The VC represents the motion capability of moving platform of a manipulator and is shown to be very useful in the production of a graphical representation of the workspace. Using this approach, the link interferences and certain transmission indices can be easily taken into consideration in determining the workspace of a parallel manipulator.
Motion Analysis of Manipulators With Uncertainty in Kinematic Parameters
Authors: Nazari Vahid , Notash Leila
Published: September 2015

In this article, a novel method for characterizing the exact solution for interval linear systems is presented. In the proposed method, the entries of the interval coefficient matrix and interval right-hand side vector are formulated as linear functions of two or three parameters. The parameter groups for two- and three-parameter cases are identified. The exact solution is characterized using the solution sets corresponding to the parameter groups. The parametric method is then employed in the motion analysis of manipulators considering the uncertainty in kinematic parameters. Example manipulators are used to show the implementation of the method and the effect of uncertainty in the motion performance.
Motion Analysis of a Foldable Barrel Vault Based on Regular and Irregular Yoshimura Origami
Authors: Cai Jianguo , Deng Xiaowei , Xu Yixiang , Feng Jian
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the geometry of a foldable barrel vault with Yoshimura Origami patterns during the motion. On the base of the geometry analysis of the origami unit, the radius, span, rise, and longitudinal length of the foldable barrel vault with regular Yoshimura Origami pattern in all configurations throughout the motion are determined. The results show that the radius of curvature and the span increase during deployment. But the rise increases first, followed by a decrease with increasing fold angle. Furthermore, the influence of the apex angle of the origami unit and the numbers of triangular plates in the span direction on the geometric parameters is also investigated. Finally, the method to obtain the rise and span of the barrel vault with irregular origami pattern is also given.
Failure Behavior of Multiple-Axial Part-Through-Wall Flaws in Alloy 690TT Steam Generator Tubes
Authors: Hyeon Eom Ki , Weon Kim Jin , Jae Kim Yun , Sung Kim Jong
Published: September 2015

This study investigates the interaction effect of multiple-axial part-through-wall (PTW) flaws on the failure behavior of Alloy 690TT steam generator (SG) tubes. Burst tests of tubes with single and multiple flaws were conducted at room temperature (RT). The flaws were made by the electrodischarge machining (EDM) method on the outer surface of the specimens. Six different configurations of multiple flaws were considered to see the interaction effect; two and three collinear, two and three parallel, and two and three nonaligned flaws. In all cases, an axial flaw with a constant depth of 50% wall-thickness was considered, and the following variables were systematically varied; the axial and/or circumferential separating ligament lengths between flaws, the flaw length, and the number of flaws. Effects of these variables on the failure pressure and failure mode were investigated based on experimental data. The effects of separating ligament lengths and flaw lengths on the failure pressure were dependent on the type of flaw configuration. For collinear and nonaligned flaws, the decrease in failure pressure by the interaction of multiple flaws became significant as the number of flaws increased. The failure mode of multiple flaws was strongly dependent on the length of the flaws.
Bending Stresses in Triangular Auxetic Plates
Authors: Lim Teik-Cheng
Published: September 2015

This technical brief considers bending stress minimization as a basis for obtaining the optimal Poisson's ratio of simply supported equilateral triangular plates under (a) bending loads at the plate boundary, (b) uniform load throughout the entire plate, and (c) concentrated load at the plate center. Results suggest that the use of auxetic materials is not appropriate for triangular plates under applied bending at the boundary, while mildly auxetic and highly auxetic materials are appropriate for triangular plates under uniform and central point loads, respectively. In addition, obtained results show that the optimal Poisson's ratios for circular and square auxetic plates are not necessarily applicable for triangular plates. The use of auxetic materials offers an additional choice for decreasing bending stresses under specific boundary conditions and loading patterns.
Fracture Energy Evaluation Using J-Integral in Orthogonal Microcutting
Authors: Parle Dattatraya , Singh Ramesh K. , Joshi Suhas S.
Published: September 2015

Fracture in cutting of ductile as well as brittle materials can be characterized using parameters such as K, G, R, and J-integral; of these, R has been widely used. To accurately evaluate the contribution of fracture energy in total cutting energy, J-integral would provide a more comprehensive basis as it encompasses several fracture modes, material plasticity, and nonlinear behavior. Therefore, this work adopts J-integral to evaluate the contribution of fracture energy to the size effect during microcutting of AISI 1215 steel. The work uses explicit integration method within ansys/ls-dyna to simulate two-dimensional (2D) orthogonal microcutting. U- and V-shaped cutting edges were used to represent a sharp crack-tip and a blunt crack-tip, respectively. Considering several alternative contours around crack-tip, covering the plastic zone, J-integral was calculated. Upon benchmarking J-integral values with other simulations in the literature, the approach was adopted for microcutting simulations in this work. It is observed that J-integral increases with uncut chip thickness, whereas it decreases with cutting speed, rake angle, and tool edge radius. The term (J/t0) defines contribution of fracture to the size effect in terms of J-integral, which is in the range of 4–24% under various parametric conditions. The corresponding values of R were always found to lie above those of the J-integral indicating that J-integral is relatively more appropriate parameter to quantify the fracture energy during microcutting.
A Simplified Approach to Estimate the Probability of Otter Board Hooking at Pipelines
Authors: Wu Xiaopeng , Longva Vegard , Sævik Svein , Moan Torgeir
Published: September 2015

Hooking events, defined as trawling gear becoming firmly “stuck” under a pipeline, rarely occur during bottom-trawling operations. However, hooking events can have detrimental consequences. There is no existing method for quantifying the hooking probability of bottom-trawling operations. In this study, an approach is proposed to quantify the trawl board hooking probability using simulation tools and statistical data. Numerical simulation use the SIMLA code to establish simplified hooking criteria. The criteria link the pipeline data to the fishing activities data, enabling the quantification of hooking probability. First, the numerical simulations of both pull-over and hooking events were compared with small-scale model test results. Reasonable agreement was reached. Based on the simulation results, simplified criteria for trawl board hooking were proposed. Finally, data from the EUROPIPE II pipeline section in the Norwegian sector were used as a case study. Data regarding free span as well as fishing activities in that region were used to obtain the statistical input. The Monte Carlo simulation technique was then used to estimate the hooking probability. Parametric studies were first performed to investigate the effects of important parameters. Then, based on the findings from the parametric studies, the hooking probability with the most reasonable parameters was estimated.
Effect of Placing a Probe in an Acoustic Drop Levitator
Authors: Baucom Jared N. , Merrill Marriner H. , Field Christopher R. , Asher Newsome G. , Johnson Kevin J.
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we use computational modeling to explore the effects of placing a probe within the active volume of an acoustic levitator. A two-step computational approach is used to visualize the levitation nodes using thousands of simulated particles driven by the acoustophoretic force and gravity. Our analysis shows that the size and position of a probe can strongly alter the shape, location, and intensity of existing levitation nodes. This has a direct impact on the ability to use acoustic levitation for drop suspension in the presence of disruptive probes.
Integrated Resource Mapping of Wave and Wind Energy
Authors: Anderson Michael , Beyene Asfaw
Published: September 2015

A common platform of wind and wave energy conversion should reduce upfront as well as maintenance costs relative to wave and offshore wind energy converters installed separately. For this cost reduction to happen, temporally integrated resource estimate of wind and wave at a given coordinate is desirable so that areas of high wind and wave energy convergences can be identified. In this paper, a combined energy resource potential of wave and wind modeling procedure is shown using the California coast as a case study, mapped for three distinct years: a “calm” year, an El Nino year, and a recent “normal” year allowing model analyses of a range of possible weather conditions and sea states along the coastline.
Time Domain Approaches to the Stability Analysis of Flexible Dynamical Systems
Authors: Wang Jielong , Shan Xiaowen , Wu Bin , Bauchau Olivier A.
Published: September 2015

This paper presents two approaches to the stability analysis of flexible dynamical systems in the time domain. The first is based on the partial Floquet theory and proceeds in three steps. A preprocessing step evaluates optimized signals based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. Next, the system stability characteristics are obtained from partial Floquet theory through singular value decomposition (SVD). Finally, a postprocessing step assesses the accuracy of the identified stability characteristics. The Lyapunov characteristic exponent (LCE) theory provides the theoretical background for the second approach. It is shown that the system stability characteristics are related to the LCE closely, for both constant and periodic coefficient systems. For the latter systems, an exponential approximation is proposed to evaluate the transition matrix. Numerical simulations show that the proposed approaches are robust enough to deal with the stability analysis of flexible dynamical systems and the predictions of the two approaches are found to be in close agreement.
Tool Wear Monitoring for Ultrasonic Metal Welding of Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Shao Chenhui , Hyung Kim Tae , Jack Hu S. , (Judy) Jin Jionghua , Abell Jeffrey A. , Patrick Spicer J.
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a tool wear monitoring framework for ultrasonic metal welding which has been used for lithium-ion battery manufacturing. Tool wear has a significant impact on joining quality. In addition, tool replacement, including horns and anvils, constitutes an important part of production costs. Therefore, a tool condition monitoring (TCM) system is highly desirable for ultrasonic metal welding. However, it is very challenging to develop a TCM system due to the complexity of tool surface geometry and a lack of thorough understanding on the wear mechanism. Here, we first characterize tool wear progression by comparing surface measurements obtained at different stages of tool wear, and then develop a monitoring algorithm using a quadratic classifier and features that are extracted from space and frequency domains of cross-sectional profiles on tool surfaces. The developed algorithm is validated using tool measurement data from a battery plant.
Notes on the development of Afronothrus incisivus (Acari: Oribatida) with new distribution records from Asia and Australia
Authors: Wang Hui-Fu , Norton Roy A. , Lu Jian-Quan
Published: September 2015

Afronothrus is a distinctive genus of oribatid mites in the family Trhypochthoniidae. The type species, A. incisivus Wallwork, was previously known from Africa, the neotropics, and various islands; our new records from China (Guangdong Province), Singapore and Australia (Queensland) show it to be circumglobal in warm latitudes. The ontogeny of this species is described and partially illustrated. Many aspects of development are intermediate in nature between those of other Trhypochthoniidae and the genus Trhypochthoniellus (Trhypochthoniellidae). All postlarval instars possess a sac-like cuticular structure invaginating from the bothridium, which was previously unknown.
Simulation technique for pattern inspection using a projection electron microscope
Authors: Iida Susumu , Hirano Ryoichi , Amano Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Hidehiro
Published: September 2015

The nature of image formation captured by a projection electron microscope (PEM), and defect detection capability of a PEM inspection system for extreme ultraviolet mask, was investigated by a newly developed Monte Carlo simulator while taking into account an imaging electron optics. The detailed analyses of the electron trajectories clarify the mechanism of the PEM image formation without white band peaks, or undershot dips near the pattern edges. The edge slope of the pattern is affected by the material of the under-layer (capping layer). And its incident beam energy dependence can be derived from the experimentally obtained secondary electron emission coefficients (SEECs) by taking into account the damping effect on the signal intensity at the edge. The incident beam energy dependence on the defect detection capability is in good agreement with the logarithmic plots of the experimentally obtained SEEC difference curves. It was found that the gray level difference (caused by SEEC difference) has much more impact on the defect detectability than the gradient of the edge slope of a pattern has; and thus, the optimal inspection condition can be predicted by measuring the SEEC curves of a sample. These results indicate that high-precision calculation can be carried out using the developed PEM simulator.
Modified spectral tilt affects infants' native-language discrimination of approximants and vowels
Authors: Beach Elizabeth Francis , Noble William , Kitamura Christine
Published: September 2015

This study's aim was to determine if 6- and 9-month-old infants discriminate approximants and vowels when the spectral shape is modified to emphasize high- or low-frequency information. Infants were presented with /r/-/l/ and /ɔ/-/ɐ/ in three conditions: (a) unmodified; (b) −6 dB/octave tilt; and (c) +6 dB/octave tilt. Six-month-olds discriminated /ɔ/-/ɐ/ in conditions (a) and (b), and /r/-/l/ in conditions (a) and (c), but 9-month-olds only discriminated when unmodified. The results reflect native-language attunement. Six-month-olds discriminate spectrally modified sounds that emphasize relevant cues, but by 9 months, infants are sensitive to the native spectral profiles of speech.
Deficient cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate control in mutants of two genes of Neurospora crassa.
Authors: Pall M L , Trevillyan J M , Hinman N
Published: September 2015

Strains of Neurospora crassa mutant in either of two genes, Crisp-1 (cr1) and Frost (fr), showed no increase of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels when subjected to several treatments which produce large increases of cyclic AMP in wild-type Neurospora. Evidently, the previously reported deficiencies of adenylate cyclase in these mutants were sufficient to block the normal increases. This fact suggests that both mutants could be used to help determine which control phenomena involve cyclic AMP and to interrupt the control of established cyclic AMP-regulated functions. Earlier studies had suggested an interdependence of the cyclic AMP level and the electric potential difference across the plasma membrane of Neurospora. Present experiments, therefore, employed several strains with the cr1 mutation to test for possible roles of cyclic AMP in recovery and oscillatory behavior of the Neurospora membrane potential. The results showed all such phenomena to be normal in the adenylate cyclase-defective strains, which demonstrates that variations of cyclic AMP are not obligatorily involved in the apparent control processes. Evidence is also presented that the induction of both glucose transport system II and the alternative oxidase do not require elevated cyclic AMP levels.
Rates of synthesis and degradation of ribosomal ribonucleic acid during differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum.
Authors: Mangiarotti G , Altruda F , Lodish H F
Published: September 2015

Synthesis of ribosomes and ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) continued during differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum concurrently with extensive turnover of ribosomes synthesized during both growth and developmental stages. We show here that the rate of synthesis of 26S and 17S ribosomal RNA during differentiation was less than 15% of that in growing cells, and by the time of sorocarp formation only about 25% of the cellular ribosomes had been synthesized during differentiation. Ribosomes synthesized during growth and differentiation were utilized in messenger RNA translation to the same extent; about 50% of each class were on polyribosomes. Ribosome degradation is apparently an all-or-nothing process, since virtually all 80S monosomes present in developing cells could be incorporated into polysomes when growth conditions were restored. By several criteria, ribosomes synthesized during growth and differentiation were functionally indistinguishable. Our data, together with previously published information on changes in the messenger RNA population during differentiation, indicate that synthesis of new ribosomes is not necessary for translation of developmentally regulated messenger RNA. We also establish that the overall rate of messenger RNA synthesis during differentiation is less than 15% of that in growing cells.
The same normal cell protein is phosphorylated after transformation by avian sarcoma viruses with unrelated transforming genes.
Authors: Erikson E , Cook R , Miller G J , Erikson R L
Published: September 2015

The phosphorylation of a normal cellular protein of molecular weight 34,000 (34K) is enhanced in Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts apparently as a direct consequence of the phosphotransferase activity of the Rous sarcoma virus-transforming protein pp60src. We have prepared anti-34K serum by using 34K purified from normal fibroblasts to confirm that the transformation-specific phosphorylation described previously occurs on a normal cellular protein and to further characterize the nature of the protein. In this communication, we also show that the phosphorylation of 34K is also increased in cells transformed by either Fujinami or PRCII sarcoma virus, two recently characterized avian sarcoma viruses whose transforming proteins, although distinct from pp60src, are also associated with phosphotransferase activity. Moreover, comparative fingerprinting of tryptic phosphopeptides shows that the major site of phosphorylation of 34K is the same in all three cases.
Characterization of a 40S ribosomal subunit complex in polyribosomes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae treated with cycloheximide.
Authors: Helser T L , Baan R A , Dahlberg A E
Published: September 2015

Under specific conditions cycloheximide treatment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae caused the accumulation of a type of polyribosome called "halfmer." Limited ribonuclease digestion of halfmers released particles from the polyribosomes identified as 40S ribosomal subunits. The data demonstrated that halfmers are polyribosomes containing an additional 40S ribosomal subunit attached to the messenger ribonucleic acid. Protein gel electrophoretic analysis of halfmers revealed numerous nonribosomal proteins. Two of these proteins comigrate with subunits of yeast initiation factor eIF2.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in myasthaenia gravis crisis confirmed by cardiac MRI
Authors: Harries I B , Levoir H , Bucciarelli-Ducci C , Ramcharitar S
Published: September 2015

Myasthaenia gravis crisis and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy are rare conditions that can be precipitated by emotional or physical stress. Myasthaenia gravis has a variety of cardiac manifestations but Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, particularly in male patients, has rarely been reported. We describe a unique case of a 70-year-old man who developed Takotsubo cardiomyopathy during his first presentation with a myasthaenia gravis crisis. He had not received plasmapharesis or immunoglobulin therapy. Striking ECG traces and cardiac MRI helped to confirm the diagnosis. Cardiac manifestations of myasthaenia gravis and myasthaenia gravis itself have overlapping symptoms; the importance of cardiac monitoring and clinical vigilance in such cases is discussed. The utility of cardiac MRI in assessing cardiac manifestations of myasthaenia gravis is also highlighted.
Neurosyphilis presenting as parkinsonism
Authors: McAuley John , Hughes Gaenor
Published: September 2015

In the postantibiotic era, neurosyphilis continues to have a significant incidence, especially in certain subpopulations. We report, for the first time, neurosyphilis presenting as parkinsonism without more typical neurosyphilitic clinical features. A 53-year-old man developed clinical features of gradual onset consistent with idiopathic Parkinson's disease but was found to have positive treponemal serology and cerebrospinal fluid Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VRDL) reaction. Antibiotic treatment dramatically improved all the parkinsonian symptoms. However, over the subsequent 15 years, the patient slowly deteriorated again in a manner typical of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. A dopaminergic deficit was demonstrated on (123I)FP-CIT SPECT. This is the first report in the postantibiotic era of neurosyphilis presenting as relatively pure parkinsonism. Blood test screening for syphilis is therefore appropriate if there is any clinical doubt about an idiopathic parkinsonian presentation. The patient's late second deterioration may suggest that the neurosyphilitic basal ganglial insult primed or accelerated development of idiopathic-like disease.
Sleep duration modifies effects of free ad libitum school meals on adiposity and blood pressure
Authors: Hjorth Mads F. , Sjödin Anders , Dalskov Stine-Mathilde , Damsgaard Camilla Trab , Michaelsen Kim F. , Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Andersen Rikke , Ritz Christian , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Astrup Arne
Published: September 2015

Insufficient sleep can potentially affect both energy intake and energy expenditure, resulting in obesity and reduced cardiometabolic health. The objective of the study was to investigate if habitual sleep duration of 8- to 11-year-olds modifies the effect of free ad libitum school meals on cardiometabolic markers, body composition, dietary intake, and physical activity. For 2 consecutive 3-month periods, this cluster-randomized, controlled, cross-over trial provided 530 children with school meals or usual lunch brought from home. Dietary intake, activity, and sleep were measured simultaneously for 7 consecutive days using dietary records and accelerometers. Short- and long-sleeping children were defined as lower and upper tertile of sleep duration. Body composition, blood pressure, blood lipids, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) were measured/calculated. Overall, school meals compared with lunch from home had positive effects on physical activity and blood pressure in long-sleeping children and negative effects on body fat in short-sleeping children. Short-sleeping children increased fat mass compared with long-sleeping children by 0.21 (95% confidence interval 0.03–0.38) kg, android fat mass by 0.02 (0.001–0.04) kg, waist circumference by 0.73 (0.23–1.24) cm, blood pressure by 1.5 (0.4–2.6) mm Hg, fat intake by 1.1 (0.2–2.0) percentage of energy, and decreased total physical activity by 7.2 (1.6–12.7) % (all P ≤ 0.04), while HOMAIR and blood lipids were not modified by sleep duration (all P ≥ 0.32). In conclusion, the susceptibility to increase abdominal adiposity and blood pressure when exposed to dietary changes can potentially be explained by too little sleep, which results in increased caloric intake and reduced physical activity.
Statistical optimization of medium components and physicochemical parameters to simultaneously enhance bacterial growth and esterase production byBacillus thuringiensis
Authors: Mazzucotelli Cintia Anabela , Moreira María del Rosario , Ansorena María Roberta
Published: September 2015

Bacillus thuringiensis is a genus extensively studied because of its high potential for biotechnological application, principally in biocontrol techniques. However, the optimization of esterase production by this strain has been scarcely studied. The aim of this work was to select and optimize the physicochemical and nutritional parameters that significantly influence the growth and esterase production of B. thuringiensis. To this purpose, 6 nutritional factors and 2 physicochemical parameters were evaluated using a Plackett–Burman design. Significant variables were optimized using a Box–Behnken design and through the desirability function to select the levels of the variables that simultaneously maximize microbial growth and esterase production. The optimum conditions resulting from simultaneous optimization of the responses under study were found to be 1 g/L glucose, 15 g/L peptone, and 3.25 g/L NaCl. Under these optimal conditions, it was possible to achieve a 2.5 log CFU/mL increase in bacterial growth and a 113-fold increase in esterase productivity, compared with minimal medium without agitation.
Concentrations of alkali elements in green tea leaves evaluated using PIXE analysis
Authors: Terakawa A. , Ishii K. , Matsuyama S. , Matsuyama T. , Sato T. , Inano K. , Shigihara K. , Saneshige Y. , Sera K.
Published: September 2015

The concentrations of alkali elements in Japanese green tea leaves were evaluated using particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis combined with an internal standard method to investigate the elution of radioactive cesium into green tea using potassium and rubidium. The concentrations of potassium and rubidium of used tea leaf samples were lower than those of unused samples, whereas no significant differences in the concentrations of the other elements were observed between them. In addition, we found a similarity in the relative concentrations between potassium and rubidium although the other elements showed different aspects. These results suggest that it is possible to investigate the elution of radioactive cesium into green tea using potassium and rubidium as substitutes of cesium.