bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Large Area Porous Cu2O as Super Hydrophobic Yellow‐Red Phosphors.
Authors: Shinde Satish Laxman , Nanda Karuna Kar
Published: July 2012

Large area super hydrophobic porous Cu2O films are prepared by a two‐step process.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Thermal Transformations of N‐Phthalimidoaziridines: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition and Rearrangements.
Authors: Kuznetsov M. A. , Pan'kova A. S. , Voronin V. V. , Vlasenko N. A.
Published: July 2012

The title reaction of o‐substituted 2‐phenyl‐N‐phthalimidoaziridines affords a variety of condensed heterocyclic systems such as fused pyrrole derivatives (II), pyrrolobenzoxepine (IV) and imidazobenzopyran (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding the Regioselective Enzymatic Repertoire: Oxidative Monocleavage of Dialkenes Catalyzed by Trametes hirsuta.
Authors: Paul Caroline E. , Rajagopalan Aashrita , Lavandera Ivan , Gotor‐Fernandez Vicente , Kroutil Wolfgang , Gotor Vicente
Published: July 2012

The title reaction selectively cleaves the double bond adjacent to the aromatic ring, allowing for the differentiation between two terminal alkenes and the preferential cleavage of an internal double bond over a terminal one.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum on Carbon‐Catalyzed Precise Reduction Control of Trichloromethyl to Geminal‐Dichloromethyl Groups.
Authors: Imanishi Takahiro , Fujiwara Yuta , Sawama Yoshinari , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: July 2012

A variety of aromatic and aliphatic α,α,α‐trichloromethylcarbonyl compounds are successfully monodechlorinated.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Sulfa‐Michael Addition of Thioacids to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with Bifunctional Organocatalyst.
Authors: Rana Nirmal K. , Unhale Rajshekhar , Singh Vinod K.
Published: July 2012

A screening of various quinine‐/quinidine‐derived catalysts reveals that the best results are achieved in the presence of the bifunctional thiourea URC.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrolysis of Dimethoxy[n.2]metacyclophanes: An Intramolecular Condensation Reaction to Give Oxa[n.2.1](1,3,2)cyclophanes.
Authors: Do Jung‐Hee , Yamada Yuta , Sharma Bigyan , Yamoto Takehiko
Published: July 2012

The pyrolysis of anti‐cyclophanes (I) and (IV) is studied and the mechanism of the novel intramolecular condensation leading to oxacyclophanes (II) and (V)/(VI), resp., is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazolidinone‐Promoted, Torquoselective Nazarov Cyclizations.
Authors: Kerr Daniel J. , Miletic Michael , Chaplin Jason H. , White Jonathan M. , Flynn Bernard L.
Published: July 2012

In the presence of an excess of MesOH or TfOH, divinyl and aryl vinyl ketones bearing an oxazolidinone auxiliary undergo efficient and highly stereoselective cyclization to optically active cyclopentenone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropanation of Strained Alkenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of 3‐Trimethylsilyl‐ or 3‐Pinacolatoboryl‐1‐arylallyl Acetates.
Authors: Horino Yoshikazu , Homura Naoki , Inoue Kana , Yoshikawa Saori
Published: July 2012

The title reaction of norbornadienes or norbornenes affords the cyclopropanation products as single diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium(0)‐Catalyzed sp3 C—H Bond Arylation of Benzylic Amines Using Arylboronates.
Authors: Dastbaravardeh Navid , Schnuerch Michael , Mihovilovic Marko D.
Published: July 2012

An efficient arylation adjacent to the free NH group in substrates (I) and (VII) includes pyridine‐directed cyclometalation with Ru3(CO)12.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem A3‐Coupling/Decarboxylative Coupling to 3‐Amino‐1,4‐enynes.
Authors: Feng Huangdi , Ermolat'ev Denis S. , Song Gonghua , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: July 2012

The novel microwave‐promoted cascade approach is air‐ and moisture‐tolerant for the three‐component coupling and opens the way for a selective preparation of highly functionalized synthons.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chiral Thiazoline‐Containing N—O Ligands in the Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes: Substituent Effect on the Enantioselectivity.
Authors: Gong Zhiyong , Liu Qingwen , Xue Pengchong , Li Kechang , Song Zhiguang , Liu Zaiqun , Jin Yinghua
Published: July 2012

Several novel chiral thiazoline ligands of type (I) are synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient and Efficient Decarboxylative Aldol Reaction of Malonic Acid Half Esters with Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Li Xiao‐Juan , Xiong Heng‐Ying , Hua Ming‐Qing , Nie Jing , Zheng Yan , Ma Jun‐An
Published: July 2012

The process is highly effective with various ketone substrates and the products are formed with yields ≥ 90% within 12‐16h.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitromethane in Polyphosphoric Acid — A New Reagent for Carboxyamidation and Carboxylation of Activated Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Aksenov Alexander V. , Aksenov Nicolai A. , Nadein Oleg N. , Aksenova Inna V.
Published: July 2012

A new method for the relatively easy introduction of carbamoyl and carboxyl groups into activated aromatic compounds is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of Aroylamidines and N‐Arylbenzamidines Hydrochlorides.
Authors: Kuvaeva E. V. , Fedorova E. V. , Zaitsev V. V. , Yakovlev I. P. , Zakharov V. I. , Semakova T. L.
Published: July 2012

Arylcarbonitriles (I) react with anhydrous ethanol in the presence of dry hydrogen chloride to the corresponding imidoesters which upon treatment with an alcoholic solution of ammonia yield aroylamidines (II) as salts.
ChemInform Abstract: CuCl‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to 2,3‐Allenoates.
Authors: He Jian , Lu Zhan , Chai Guobi , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: July 2012

In general Z‐alkenoates are synthesized via Grignard reaction with a high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Highly Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Catalyzed by DBDMH/TBN/H2O.
Authors: Zhang Hua , Chen Chunyu , Liu Renhua
Published: July 2012

The reaction is conducted under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Functionalized Imidazolium Salts—Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki Reaction in Water.
Authors: Liu Ning , Liu Chun , Jin Zilin
Published: July 2012

A novel PEG‐functionalized imidazolium salt is prepared and successfully used as a water‐soluble ligand in the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Bifunctional Organocatalyst Using Sulfamide as Hydrogen Bonding Donor: Application in Asymmetric Michael Addition of Cyclic Ketones to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Deng Fei , Liu Hong‐Ying
Published: July 2012

The PSAP organocatalyst is prepared from Boc‐protected L‐proline in 2 steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Azaspirocycles via Iron Trichloride Promoted Cyclization/Chlorination of Cyclic 8‐Aryl‐5‐aza‐5‐tosyl‐2‐en‐7‐yn‐1‐ols.
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Chang P. , Fang Cheng‐Wei , Lin Hsin‐Hui
Published: July 2012

Title compounds (I) and (III) undergo a very rapid transformation to the desired targets.
ChemInform Abstract: A Clean Synthesis of Novel 3‐Alkoxy‐2‐(benzofuran‐3‐yl)benzofurans via a One‐Pot Pseudo Three‐Component Reaction Using H3PW12O40·xH2O as a Catalyst.
Authors: Jalili‐Baleh Leili , Khoobi Mehdi , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: July 2012

Tungstophosphoric acid efficiently catalyzes the one‐pot pseudo three‐component reaction of benzofuran‐3(2H)‐ones and different alcohols to afford the corresponding dimeric products (III) with various alkoxy groups in 3‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 1,2,4‐Oxadiazolidin‐5‐ylthiophenes and Thienopyrimidine Derivatives by Aza‐Wittig Reaction Using a Thienyl Carbodiimide.
Authors: Abdel Hameed Afaf M.
Published: July 2012

The aza‐Wittig reaction of iminophosphorane (I) with phenyl isocyanate generates a highly reactive carbodiimide intermediate which undergoes 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with nitrone (III) to yield 1,2,4‐oxadiazolium‐5‐ylthiophene (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of N‐Substituted Isoindolinones and Phthalazinones Using Pt Nanowires as Catalysts.
Authors: Shi Linyan , Hu Lei , Wang Jiaqing , Cao Xueqin , Gu Hongwei
Published: July 2012

Reductive C—N coupling and intramolecular amidation of 2‐carboxybenzaldehyde with amines is developed as access to a series of isoindolinones where recently reported ultrathin Pt‐nanowires are successfully employed as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh2(S‐biTISP)2‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Functionalization of Indoles and Pyrroles with Vinylcarbenoids.
Authors: Lian Yajing , Davies Huw M. L.
Published: July 2012

Diazoester (II) is decomposed by the Rh‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Approach to Spirocyclic Oxindoles via a Direct C—H, Ar—H Functionalization.
Authors: Moody Catherine L. , Franckevicius Vilius , Drouhin Pauline , Klein Johannes E. M. N. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: July 2012

Conditions A) are suitable for the preparation of various title compounds including precursor (VI) of horsfiline (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Mediated 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides: A Facile and Green Synthesis of Novel Dispiro Heterocycles.
Authors: Jain Renuka , Sharma Kanti , Kumar Deepak
Published: July 2012

The azomethine ylide, generated in situ by decarboxylative condensation of isatin with sarcosine, undergoes 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with dipolarophiles (I) in ionic liquid to give novel dispiro heterocycles with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylation of Heterocycles via Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Iqbal Naeem , Choi Sungkyu , Ko Euna , Cho Eun Jin
Published: July 2012

A direct access to the target compounds without the need for prefunctionalization is achieved with a slight excess of agent (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Carbazoles via PtCl2‐Catalyzed RT Cyclization of 1‐(Indol‐2‐yl)‐2,3‐allenols: Scope and Mechanism.
Authors: Kong Wangqing , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: July 2012

Using this method, a wide range of differently substituted carbazoles can be prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic [3 + 2]‐Annulation of N‐Alkenyl Amidines.
Authors: Wang Yi‐Feng , Zhu Xu , Chiba Shunsuke
Published: July 2012

An unprecedented chemical reactivity of N‐alkenyl amidines under the presented conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Imidazolone N‐Oxides with Aryl Bromides and Its Application in the Synthesis of GSK2137305.
Authors: Zhao He , Wang Ruifang , Chen Ping , Gregg Brian T. , Hsia Ming Min , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2012

The procedure can also be used for the synthesis of the late intermediate (IX) of title compound (X), a selective glycine transporter type‐1 inhibitor.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer, Antimetastatic Evaluation of Some New Fluorinated Isocoumarins and 3,4‐Dihydroisocoumarins.
Authors: Abid Obaid‐ur‐Rahman , Khalid Muhammad , Hussain Muhammad T. , Hanif Muhammad , Qadeer Ghulam , Rama Nasim H. , Kornienko Alexander , Khan Khalid M.
Published: July 2012

A variety of fluorinated isocoumarins and dihydroisocoumarins, e.g. (III), (V), and thioisocoumarins like (VI) are prepared via construction of the isocoumarin skeleton, alkaline hydrolysis, reduction of the resulting keto acids, and cyclodehydration of the hydroxy acids formed to provide the dihydroisocoumarins (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Coumarins by TMSOTf‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Seleno‐Arylation of Tethered Alkenes.
Authors: Tang E. , Li Wen , Gao Zhangyong
Published: July 2012

Optimized conditions allow the intramolecular cyclization reaction of substituted cinnamates.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Molecular Iodine: A Rapid Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxo‐octahydroxanthenes and Their Evaluation as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Pal Manojit , et al. et al.
Published: July 2012

Iodine‐catalyzed reaction of dimedone (I) with aromatic aldehydes (II) proceeds in short reaction times to afford dioxooctahydroxanthenes (III) in very high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tertiary Carbinamines.
Authors: Kamau Muthoni G. , Harikrishnan Lalgudi S. , Finlay Heather J. , Qiao Jennifer X. , Jiang Ji , Poss Michael A. , Salvati Mark E. , Wexler Ruth R. , Lawrence R. Michael
Published: July 2012

An efficient one‐pot, three‐component reaction, which is limited to aryl and heteroaryl nitriles, is described (some yields not given).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydropyridines by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Pyridines.
Authors: Oshima Kazuyuki , Ohmura Toshimichi , Suginome Michinori
Published: July 2012

For the first time an efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds, which are in the most cases air and moisture sensitive, is described in a regioselective manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Benzylic Cross‐Couplings of Pyridine N‐Oxides.
Authors: Mai Wenpeng , Yuan Jinwei , Li Zhicheng , Yang Liangru , Xiao Yongmei , Mao Pu , Qu Lingbo
Published: July 2012

The method allows a ready access to 2‐benzylpyridine structures and analogues, important components in the field of material science, medicinal chemistry and natural product synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydroxylated 2,4,6‐Triphenyl Pyridines: Synthesis, Topoisomerase I and II Inhibitory Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Structure—Activity Relationship Study.
Authors: Lee Eung‐Seok , et al. et al.
Published: July 2012

Various dihydroxylated 2,4,6‐triphenyl pyridines (V) and (VIII) are available using a modified Kroehnke synthesis for the final conversion.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Trifluoromethyl Quinolines via Gold‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Trifluoromethylated Propargylamines.
Authors: Zhu Mei , Fu Weijun , Zou Guanglong , Xun Chen , Deng Dongsheng , Ji Baoming
Published: July 2012

The products (II) and (IV) are formed in good to very good yields tolerating various electron‐donating and electron‐deficient substituents on the aromatic groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Pictet—Spengler Reaction Catalyzed by SPINOL‐Phosphoric Acids.
Authors: Huang Dan , Xu Fangxi , Lin Xufeng , Wang Yanguang
Published: July 2012

Asymmetric Pictet—Spengler reaction of tryptamine derivatives (II) with a diversity of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes proceeds efficiently in the presence of SPINOL‐phosphoric acids as organocatalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Green Protocol for the Synthesis of Coumarin Fused Highly Decorated Indenodihydropyridyl and Dihydropyridyl Derivatives.
Authors: Paul Sanjay , Das Asish R.
Published: July 2012

The optimized conditions allow the preparation of various biologically interesting heterocyclic skeletons of type (IV) or (VII) via three‐component reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridazines by the PTSA‐Catalyzed Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes with (E)‐1‐Phenyl‐2‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethylidene)hydrazine.
Authors: Xie Haibo , Zhu Jiangtao , Chen Zixian , Li Shan , Wu Yongming
Published: July 2012

The method is applied to various aromatic aldehydes and can be extended to crotonaldehyde (IV) to produce the pharmaceutically important pyridazine heterocycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of Spiroindolinone‐quinazolines Induced by Stannous Chloride.
Authors: Hu Yu , Wang Man‐Man , Chen Hui , Shi Da‐Qing
Published: July 2012

The fast reaction times, the one‐pot procedure, the accessible materials and the isolation of products via simple recrystallization are highlights of the reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Access to Quinazolinone Derivatives Using TiO2 Nanoparticles as Catalyst: Synthesis and Vasorelaxant Activity Evaluation.
Authors: Khalafi‐Nezhad Ali , Haghighi Saghar Mowlazadeh , Purkhosrow Azar , Panahi Farhad
Published: July 2012

Some products, among them derivatives (IVc) and (IVe), are found to be comparable with acetylcholine concerning their vasorelaxant activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticoccidial Activity of 3‐(2‐(Benzofuran)‐2‐yl)‐2‐oxoethylquinazolinone Derivatives.
Authors: Xin Ying , Xie Min , Zou Li‐Juan , Nie Kui , Wang Yu‐Liang
Published: July 2012

All new title compounds possess anticoccidial activity with best results being obtained for derivative (Ib).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Di(6‐aminouracil‐5‐yl)‐arylmethane: A New Product of the Reaction of 6‐Aminouracil with Aldehyde.
Authors: Wu Lintao , Jing Xiaobi , Lin Ming , Yan Chaoguo , Yang Jin , Zhu Hongxiang
Published: July 2012

All products are obtained without an additional purification step.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Promoted Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 6‐Chloropurine with Sodium Tetraarylborate in Water.
Authors: Qu Gui‐Rong , Xin Peng‐Yang , Niu Hong‐Ying , Jin Xin , Guo Xiao‐Ting , Yang Xi‐Ning , Guo Hai‐Ming
Published: July 2012

The method can also be applied to synthesize valuable arylpurine nucleosides.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis and anti‐Enteroviral Activity of 9‐Arylpurines.
Authors: Aguado Leire , Canela Maria‐Dolores , Thibaut Hendrik Jan , Priego Eva‐Maria , Camarasa Maria‐Jose , Leyssen Pieter , Neyts Johan , Perez‐Perez Maria‐Jesus
Published: July 2012

Different 9‐aryl‐6‐chloropurines are synthesized, to some extent by microwave‐assisted reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Pyrazino[2,3‐b]indolizine and Indolizino[2,3‐b]quinoxaline Derivatives: Synthesis, Structures, and Properties.
Authors: Bloch Witold M. , Derwent‐Smith Stephanie M. , Issa Fatiah , Morris Jonathan C. , Rendina Louis M. , Sumby Christopher J.
Published: July 2012

Six new fused heterocyclic compounds are prepared in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Fused 1,3‐Thiazoles and 1,3‐Thiazines Incorporating a 2,4‐Dihydroxyphenyl Residue.
Authors: Matysiak Joanna , Los Renata , Malm Anna , Karpinska Monika M. , Glaszcz Urszula , Rajtar Barbara , Polz‐Dacewicz Malgorzata , Trojanowska‐Wesolowska Marta , Niewiadomy Andrzej
Published: July 2012

A series of heterocyclic compounds containing a 2,4‐dihydroxyphenyl moiety are prepared and screened for their antibacterial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Reaction of 2‐Haloanilines with Hydrazides: A New Route for the Synthesis of Benzo[e][1,2,4]triazine Derivatives.
Authors: Guo Han , Liu Jin , Wang Xianxue , Huang Guosheng
Published: July 2012

Under optimized conditions, the reaction of 2‐iodoanilines with aromatic hydrazides gives the synthetically important heterocyclic skeleton in low to moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Activation of a Nitrile Group: Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Substituted 4H‐1,3,5‐Dioxazines.
Authors: Turcheniuk Kostiantyn V. , Shevchenko Igor V.
Published: July 2012

The negatively charged carbon atom of phosphorus ylides (III) activates the nucleophilicity of the nitrile group which enables the addition of two molecules of hexafluoroacetone (IV) to give dioxazines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Indanonyl Oxepanes.
Authors: Chang Meng‐Yang , Lee Nien‐Chia
Published: July 2012

A simple route is presented for the synthesis of target compounds (VII) from hydroxybenzaldehydes (I) involving double allylation, ring closing metathesis, Wittig olefination, hydrogenation, and Friedel—Crafts intramolecular cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Iodobenzoates with Bromozinc‐difluorophosphonate.
Authors: Feng Zhang , Chen Fei , Zhang Xingang
Published: July 2012

The title process is successfully extended to the amide (VI) or the dibromopyridine (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Oxysulfenylation and Oxyselenenylation of Olefins Catalyzed by Chiral Broensted Acids.
Authors: Guan Huan , Wang Haining , Huang Deshun , Shi Yian
Published: July 2012

The reaction with trans‐alkenols instead of the compounds (I) gives little product or messy mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh2(OAc)4/CeCl3‐Catalyzed Olefination of Carbonylferrocenes with α‐Diazocarbonyl Compounds: A Convenient Synthesis of Alkenylferrocenes.
Authors: Chen Shufeng , Zhang Lele , Du Yan , Li Baoguo
Published: July 2012

Optimized conditions are applied to various ferrocene substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: New Dihydroagarofuranoid Sesquiterpenes from Celastrus angulatus.
Authors: Liu Jiang‐yun , Tan Bei‐bei , Gong Xue‐long , Xu Qiong‐ming , Sun Xiao‐fei , Cai Pei‐lie , Yang Shi‐lin
Published: July 2012

Three new highly esterified β‐dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenes (I) are isolated from the root bark of title plant together with eight known ones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient One‐Step Synthesis of Stable β‐Amino Alcohol N‐Boranes from α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Pinaka Afroditi , Vougioukalalis Georgios C. , Dimotikali Dimitra , Psyharis Vassilis , Papadopoulos Kyriakos
Published: July 2012

Direct reduction of α‐amino acids is achieved under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Novel 1′,3′‐Dioxolane 5′‐Deoxyphosphonic Acid Purine Analogues as Potent Antiviral Agents.
Authors: Kim Eunae , Liu Lian Jin , Lee Wonjae , Hong Joon Hee
Published: July 2012

Derivative (Ib) possesses high anti‐HIV‐1 activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Driven Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Nanoparticles BiPO4:Eu3+.
Authors: Fu Chaochao , Li Guangshe , Zhao Minglei , Yang Liusai , Zheng Jing , Li Liping
Published: July 2012

The title nanoparticles are synthesized at room temperature from mixtures of Bi(NO3)3 and Eu(NO3)3 dissolved in various solvents by precipitation with NH4H2PO4.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure Engineering in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Identifying Novel Alloy Catalysts Based on Rapid Screening for Materials with Desired Electronic Properties
Authors: Xin Hongliang , Holewinski Adam , Schweitzer Neil , Nikolla Eranda , Linic Suljo
Published: July 2012

Review: 56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Subnanometer Sized Metal Clusters: From Synthetic Challenges to the Unique Property Discoveries
Authors: Lu Yizhong , Chen Wei
Published: July 2012

Review: noble and coinage metals; 318 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclizations of 3‐Formylchromones with Binucleophiles
Authors: Plaskon Andrey S. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. , Ryabukhin Sergey V.
Published: July 2012

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On a So‐Called “Kinetic Anomeric Effect” in Chemical Glycosylation
Authors: Cumpstey Ian
Published: July 2012

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthesis and Total Synthesis Studies on the Jadomycin Family of Natural Products
Authors: Sharif Ehesan U. , O'Doherty George A.
Published: July 2012

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization Reactions of 1,1‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)ketene Acetals
Authors: Dang Tuan T. , Kelzhanova Nazken K. , Abilov Zharylkasyn A. , Turmukhanova Mirgul Zh. , Langer Peter
Published: July 2012

Review: about 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trivalent Boron Nucleophile as a New Tool in Organic Synthesis: Reactivity and Asymmetric Induction
Authors: Cid Jessica , Gulyas Henrik , Carbo Jorge J. , Fernandez Elena
Published: July 2012

Review: ca. 70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C, C—O and C—N Bond Formation via Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative C—H Activation
Authors: Song Guoyong , Wang Fen , Li Xingwei
Published: July 2012

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Substituted Dipyrranes: Synthesis and Reactivity
Authors: Gryko Daniel T. , Gryko Dorota , Lee Chang‐Hee
Published: July 2012

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Probes of Solvation Phenomena
Authors: Cabot Rafel , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: July 2012

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Era of the Vaginal Microbiome: Advances Using Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Fettweis Jennifer M. , Serrano Myrna G. , Girerd Philippe H. , Jefferson Kimberly K. , Buck Gregory A.
Published: July 2012

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembled Nanogel Engineering for Advanced Biomedical Technology
Authors: Sasaki Yoshihiro , Akiyoshi Kazunari
Published: July 2012

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitric Oxide Release. Part 1. Macromolecular Scaffolds
Authors: Riccio Daniel A. , Schoenfisch Mark H.
Published: July 2012

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitric Oxide Release. Part 2. Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Carpenter Alexis W. , Schoenfisch Mark H.
Published: July 2012

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonhydrolytic Sol—Gel Routes to Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Debecker Damien P. , Mutin P. Hubert
Published: July 2012

Review: 251 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mass Spectrometry‐Based Proteomics: Existing Capabilities and Future Directions
Authors: Angel Thomas E. , Aryal Uma K. , Hengel Shawna M. , Baker Erin S. , Kelly Ryan T. , Robinson Errol W. , Smith Richard D.
Published: July 2012

Review: 92 refs.
Immobilization of Mycoplana sp. MVMB2 Isolated from Petroleum Contaminated Soil onto Papaya Stem (Carica papaya L.) and Its Application on Degradation of Phenanthrene
Authors: Brinda Lakshmi Mahalingam , Muthukumar Karuppan , Velan Manickam
Published: July 2012

This study presents the degradation of phenanthrene using immobilized Mycoplana sp. MVMB2 isolated from contaminated soil. Papaya stem pretreated by two stage processes, treating with acid or alkali and drying, was used for the immobilization of Mycoplana sp. Alkali pretreated papaya stem was found to be most effective in cell uptake compared to acid treated one. The maximum immobilization capacity at various physiochemical conditions for the alkali pretreated papaya stem was found to be at 320 min time, pH 6.5, 30°C temperature, and 18.6 × 106 cells/mL initial concentrations. The adsorption mechanism of Mycoplana sp. MVMB2 on pretreated papaya stem was assessed using various kinetic and isotherm models. The immobilization of Mycoplana sp. MVMB2 on to pretreated papaya stem was corroborated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transformed IR spectroscopy analysis. The performance of immobilized cells in batch reactor showed more than 95% phenanthrene degradation within 72 h, whereas, free cells were found to require 120 h. The immobilized cells also showed better degradation performance in the packed column study.
Face detection algorithm based on hybrid Monte Carlo method and Bayesian support vector machine
Authors: Wang Liejun , Zhang Taiyi , Jia Zhenhong , Ding Liang
Published: July 2012

With distinct advantages in resolving the problems of small sample, nonlinear, high dimension learning, the support vector machine (SVM) has been widely applied in face detection and face recognition. In fact, a large number of facial images were needed to train the SVM algorithms. With the rising of training image numbers, the training complexity of SVM was increased by way of geometric series. In this paper, the hybrid Monte Carlo method of the Bayesian support vector machine is proposed. This method solves the problems of high‐dimension and long training time effectively. Experimental results show that the method greatly reduces the training time of face detection algorithm and obtains more accurate face detection effect. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy‐efficient resource allocation in multiuser relay‐based OFDMA networks
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Jiang Yun , Li Xiaofan
Published: July 2012

Although the demand for battery capacity on mobile devices has grown with the increase in high data rate applications, battery technology has not kept up with this demand. Therefore, the growth in energy demand coupled with global warming provide a new trend in wireless communication known as energy‐efficient transmission. In this paper, the energy‐efficient resource allocation for a two‐hop uplink multiuser relay‐based system is studied. We adopt the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing as the physical layer modulation technique. Assuming that the base station has all the channel state information, an energy efficiency optimization problem by joint subcarrier assignment, bit and power allocation is formulated. We first develop a near‐optimal resource allocation scheme to maximize the overall energy efficiency; then, an efficient resource allocation algorithm is provided to solve the problem with relatively low computational complexity. Furthermore, fairness constraint among users is imposed on the system to guarantee each user's QoS. Our joint resource allocation algorithm is proved to achieve a considerable improvement in terms of energy‐saving and simultaneously decreases outage probability by simulation results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substituent Effect on the π Linkers in Triphenylamine Dyes for Sensitized Solar Cells: A DFT/TDDFT Study
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhu Ligen , Fang Dong , Chen Biao , Liu Li , Wang Luoxin , Xu Weilin
Published: July 2012

A series of metal‐free organic donor–π bridge–acceptor dyes are studied computationally using density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TDDFT) approaches to explore their potential performances in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Taking triphenylamine (TPA) and cyanoacrylic acid moieties as donor and acceptor units, respectively, the effects of different substituents of the π linkers in the TPA‐based dyes on the energy conversion efficiency of the DSSCs are theoretically evaluated through optimized geometries, charge distributions, electronic structures, simulated absorption spectra, and free energies of injection. The results show that the molecular orbital energy levels and electron‐injection driving forces of the TPA dyes can be tuned by the introduction of substituents with different electron‐withdrawing or ‐donating abilities. The electron‐withdrawing substituent always lowers the energies of both frontier orbitals, while the electron‐donating one heightens them simultaneously. The efficiency trend of these TPA derivatives as sensitizers in DSSCs is also predicted by analyzing the light‐harvesting efficiencies and the free energies of injection. The following substituents are shown to increase the efficiency of the dye: OMe, OEt, OHe, and OH.
Preparation and magnetic properties of CoWO4 nanocrystals
Authors: Deng Jiwei , Chang Liao , Wang Ping , Zhang Endi , Ma Jianmin , Wang Taihong
Published: July 2012

Cobalt tungstate (CoWO4) nanocrystals with an average size of 20–50 nm were synthesized via a template‐ or surfactant‐free hydrothermal route. The crystal structure and morphology of the as‐synthesized CoWO4 sample were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Magnetic measurements on the as‐synthesized CoWO4 nanocrystals indicate a Néel temperature (TN) of ∼40 K. This lower TN may be a result of the nanostructured particles that reduce the exchange coupling. The new synthetic route presented in this paper has potential applications to fabricate other metal tungstates (MWO4) materials.
Studies on the growth and optical characterization of Tm3+‐doped BaY2F8 single crystals
Authors: Wang Shuai , Ruan Yongfeng , Tsuboi Taiju , Zhang Shouchao , Wang Youfa , Wu Zhouli , Tong Hongshuang
Published: July 2012

The BaY2F8 crystals doped with different concentrations of Tm3+ ions were prepared by the temperature gradient technique (TGT). X‐ray powder diffraction was applied to analyze the phase. The cracking phenomenon along (010) and (100) planes of the crystals grown by temperature gradient technique was studied on the basis of the structure of BaY2F8 crystals. The absorption spectra were measured and investigated in the ultraviolet‐visible and near‐infrared ranges at room temperature. Several characteristic absorption bands of Tm3+‐doped BaY2F8 crystal were observed. The emission and excitation spectra were obtained and investigated at room temperature and 12 K, showing the characteristic emission peaks of Tm3+ ions. The temperature dependence of Photoluminescence curve was also investigated in the range of 12–296 K. The luminescence intensity of emission bands decreased with increasing temperature, while the effective bandwidth increased. The up‐conversion spectrum excited at 650 nm was recorded and up‐conversion mechanism was analyzed in detail. The result showed the purple, green and yellow emissions corresponding to 3P1→3F3, 1D2→3H5 and 3P0→1G4 transitions, respectively.
Fabrication of cobalt ferrite nanostructures and comparison of their electrochemical properties
Authors: Deng D. H. , Pang H. , Du J. M. , Deng J. W. , Li S. J. , Chen J. , Zhang J. S.
Published: July 2012

Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanorods and nanorings have been successfully controllable synthesized by solvothermal method. The specific characteristics were confirmed by X‐ray diffraction studies (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The measurement of their electrochemical properties as supercapacitor electrode materials indicate different morphological characterizations have various capacitive effects, and CoFe2O4 nanorings generally have larger specific capacitances than nanorods at different scan rates and current densities in 1.0 M KOH solution.
Flexible cis‐Cyclohexane‐1,4‐diammonium Ion in Magnetic [Ni(dmit)2] Crystals
Authors: Ye Qiong , Shi Ping‐Ping , Chen Zi‐Qi , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Noro Shin‐ichiro , Nakamura Takayoshi
Published: July 2012

Reactions exchanging the cation in (nBu4N)[Ni(dmit)2] to cis‐cyclohexane‐1,4‐diammonium (cis‐CHDA) in the presence of [18]crown‐6, benzo[18]crown‐6 (B[18]crown‐6) and dibenzo[18]crown‐6 (DB[18]crown‐6) yielded crystals of the monovalent [Ni(dmit)2] complex, namely (cis‐CHDA)([18]crown‐6)2[Ni(dmit)2]2 (1), (cis‐CHDA)(B[18]crown‐6)2[Ni(dmit)2]2 (2) and (cis‐CHDA)(DB[18]crown‐6)2[Ni(dmit)2]2 (3). The two ammonium groups (–NH3+) of the cis‐CHDA dication at axial and equatorial positions interact with oxygen atoms of the corresponding upper and lower crown ethers to form sandwich‐type supramolecular cationic structures. The lateral [Ni(dmit)2]− anion arrangements through S–S contacts along the short and long axis of [Ni(dmit)2] anions were realised in crystals of 1, 2, and 3 by the asymmetrical cis‐CHDA dication. The temperature‐ and frequency‐dependent anisotropic dielectric constants of a crystal of 1 were evaluated along the a, b and c axes, where the thermally activated motion of the structurally flexible cis‐CHDA dication was consistent with the dielectric responses.
Photocytotoxic Oxidovanadium(IV) Complexes of Polypyridyl Ligands Showing DNA‐Cleavage Activity in Near‐IR Light
Authors: Banerjee Samya , Hussain Akhtar , Prasad Puja , Khan Imran , Banik Bhabatosh , Kondaiah Paturu , Chakravarty Akhil R.
Published: July 2012

Oxidovanadium(IV) complexes [VO(pyphen)(L)]Cl2 (1, 2) and [VO(pydppz)(L)]Cl2 (3, 4), where L is 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen in 1 and 3) and dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine (dppz in 2 and 4) are prepared and characterized. The crystal structure of [VO(pyphen)(phen)](ClO4)2 (1a) shows a six‐coordinate VN5O geometry with a VO2+ moiety in which the polypyridyl ligand binds in a meridional fashion and the phen ligand displays a chelating binding mode with an N‐donor site trans to the oxidovanadyl group. The complexes show a d–d band within 720–750 nm in DMF. The one‐electron paramagnetic complexes are 1:2 electrolytes in DMF. The complexes exhibit an irreversible VIV/VIII redox response near –0.85 V vs. SCE in DMF/0.1 M TBAP. The complexes bind to calf thymus (ct) DNA giving Kb values within 7.5 × 104 to 1.1 × 106 M–1. The complexes show poor chemical nuclease activity in the dark and exhibit significant DNA‐photocleaving activity in near‐IR light of 705 and 785 nm forming ·OH radicals. Complexes 2–4 show remarkable photocytotoxicity in HeLa cancer cells. FACS analysis of the HeLa cells treated with complex 4 shows cell death as highlighted by the sub G1 peak. Propidium iodide staining data indicate apoptosis as the primary mode of cell death.
Stabilized Germylenes Based on Diethylenetriamines and Related Diamines: Synthesis, Structures, and Chemical Properties
Authors: Huang Mengmeng , Kireenko Marina M. , Zaitsev Kirill V. , Oprunenko Yuri F. , Churakov Andrei V. , Howard Judith A. K. , Lermontova Elmira Kh. , Sorokin Denis , Linder Thomas , Sundermeyer Jörg , Karlov Sergey S. , Zaitseva Galina S.
Published: July 2012

A series of novel, low‐valent germanium compounds 2a–2j based on four diethylenetriamines 1a–1d, (methyl)bis(pyrrol‐2‐ylmethyl)amine (1e), N,N′‐(sulfanediyldibenzene‐2,1‐diyl)bis(pentafluoroaniline) (1f), N,N′‐(oxydibenzene‐2,1‐diyl)bis(pentafluoroaniline) (1g), and (pentafluorophenyl)amines 1i and 1j have been obtained either by the reaction of Ge[N(SiMe3)2]2 with various diamines (1a–1e) or by the metathesis reaction of [GeCl2·dioxane] with lithium amides. The oxidative insertion (with halogenation reagents, MeI, disulfides), [1+4] cycloaddition, and oxidation reactions of the synthesized germylenes were investigated. The compositions and structures of the novel compounds were established by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis (germylenes 2b, 2i, 2j, Ge4+ compounds 5b, 7a, 7b, 8, 10, 11). All the synthesized germylenes are monomeric.
A peri‐Cyclised Naphthalene Dimer: Synthesis and Properties of an Unusual Vilsmeier–Haack Product of 1,3,6,8‐Tetramethoxynaphthalene
Authors: Pittelkow Michael , Nielsen Christian B. , Brock‐Nannestad Theis , Schau‐Magnussen Magnus , Christensen Jørn B.
Published: July 2012

An unusual peri‐dimerised product was obtained when subjecting 1,3,6,8‐tetramethoxynaphthalene to Vilsmeier–Haack reaction conditions (POCl3/DMF). The formation of this peri‐dimerised naphthalene product suggests that 1,3,6,8‐tetramethoxynaphthalene has comparable reactivity to that of Proton Sponge [1,8‐bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene]. The octamethoxy peri‐dimer was characterised using NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemistry, X‐ray crystallography and DFT calculations. The one‐electron oxidation of the peri‐dimerised naphthalene compound yielded a radical cation that was studied by EPR spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectroscopy at low temperatures. The experimental observations were confirmed by DFT calculations.
Regiocontroled SNAr and Palladium Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 2,4,7‐Trichloropyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine
Authors: Tikad Abdellatif , Akssira Mohamed , Massip Stéphane , Léger Jean‐Michel , Jarry Christian , Guillaumet Gérald , Routier Sylvain
Published: July 2012

An efficient and original synthesis of various 2,4,7‐trisubstituted pyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidines is reported. The first access to and the chemical interest of 2,4,7‐trichloropyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine is described. Double arylations and SNAr reactions occurred selectively at the C4 and C2 positions of 2,4,7‐trichloropyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine. The reactions at the C7 position were achieved under microwave irradiation in a few minutes. A one‐step synthesis of a 2,4,7‐tris(aminated) derivative was achieved as a highly efficient alternative.
Reactive Esters in Amide Ligation with β‐Hydroxyamines
Authors: Pirrung Michael C. , Zhang Fa , Ambadi Sudhakar , Ibarra‐Rivera Tannya R.
Published: July 2012

Amide formation between mildly activated esters and 1,2‐amino alcohols occurs without the need for coupling reagents. The reaction pathway involves facile intermolecular transesterification and intramolecular O→N transacylation. The method is environmentally friendly and offers no risk of racemization via highly activated acylating intermediates.
Electrowetting on dielectric actuation of droplets with capillary electrophoretic zones for MALDI mass spectrometric analysis
Authors: Gorbatsova Jelena , Borissova Maria , Kaljurand Mihkel
Published: July 2012

An automated fraction collection interface was developed for coupling CE with MALDI‐MS. This fraction collection approach is based on the electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) phenomenon performed on a digital microfluidic (DMF) board; it does not rely on a MALDI spotter. In this study, a four‐peptide mixture was used as a sample test, and the separations were conducted in a portable CE instrument with a 150 μm o.d. × 50 μm i.d. capillary and a contactless conductivity detector. The CE instrument was interfaced with a robust DMF board. The CE fractions were directly deposited onto the DMF board at predetermined locations prior to MALDI analysis. The series of experiments determined the lowest concentration that produces a measurable MALDI signal. The concentrations were 0.25, 0.5, 0.05, and 0.05 nmol for bradykinin, angiotensin, ACTH (18–39), and insulin, respectively. The contactless conductivity detector limit of detection for the same analytes was 2.5 μmol.
Designing processes of chemical products for sustainability: Incorporating optimization and the sustainability evaluator
Authors: Shadiya Olamide O. , High Karen A.
Published: July 2012

The perception of how sustainability issues should be addressed in design has changed over time. It is no longer appropriate to evaluate processes for economic feasibility alone; social benefits and environmental impacts must be considered. Addressing sustainability concerns after the fact in chemical process design is no longer acceptable as this could result in more expensive consequences. Hence, we introduce a methodology for incorporating sustainability concerns into early stages of process design. The proposed framework involved the use of ASPEN PLUS to simulate processes, calculate mass and energy balances, complete sensitivity analysis and lastly optimize processes. The base case and optimized processes are evaluated with the SUSTAINABILITY EVALUATOR, a newly developed impact assessment tool. An overall sustainability impact, which has been incorporated into the SUSTAINABILITY EVALUATOR, was developed to quantify sustainability issues in process design. The methodology was demonstrated on the acrylonitrile process. The application of the methodology on this process resulted in a more economic, environmental, and socially acceptable process. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 762–776, 2013
Consistent and efficient particle tracking on curvilinear grids for environmental problems
Authors: Postma Leo , van Beek Jan K. L. , van den Boogaard Henk F. P. , Stelling Guus S.
Published: July 2012

Particle‐tracking models are often used for near field short‐term subgrid transport of substances. The consistency demand at the discrete level does not show up so dominantly for these applications. This demand refers to the use of a numerical advection scheme for particles that is fully compatible with the local mass conserving advection properties of the underlying flow field at the discrete level of that field. A noncompatible scheme will produce both local convergence and local divergence of particles in different parts of the model area and thus erroneous advection results and erroneous concentration patterns. This compatibility in particle tracking is especially important if smooth distributions over larger areas are modelled for longer times. These applications did not occur that often in the past because they require many particles and thus much computation time. These applications occur more frequently nowadays especially for environmental assessment such as for the modelling of transport of fish larvae growing during their journey in the model to juvenile stages. The advection scheme that is developed in this paper is shown to be exactly compatible with hydrodynamic flow fields computed by mass conserving curvilinear grid models. It is not only exact, it is fortunately also very simple to implement and fast, allowing for modelling a huge amount of particles with moderate computation time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geochronology, petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Zhongchuan granitic pluton in the Western Qinling metallogenic belt, China
Authors: Zhu Laimin , Zhang Guowei , Yang Tao , Wang Fei , Gong Hujun
Published: July 2012

The Zhongchuan district is an important component of the metallogenic belt in the Western Qinling. The Zhongchuan granite pluton occurring in the centre of the Zhongchuan metallogenic area has been poorly constrained, though the Triassic granite in Western Qinling has been well documented. In‐situ zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopic compositions and whole‐rock geochemical data are presented for host granite and mafic microgranular enclaves (MMES) from the Zhongchuan pluton, in order to constrain its sources, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the pluton. The distribution of major, trace and rare earth elements apparently reflect exchange between the MMES and the host granitic rocks mainly due to interactions between coeval felsic host magma and mafic magma. The zircon U–Pb age of host granite (231.6 ± 1.5 to 235.8 ± 2.3 Ma) has overlapping uncertainty with that of the MMES (236.6 ± 1.3 Ma), establishing that the mafic and felsic magmas were coeval. The Hf isotopic composition of the MMES (εHf(t) = −13.4 to 4.0) is distinct from the host granite (εHf(t) = −15.7 to 0.0), indicating that both enriched subcontinental lithosphere mantle (SCLM) and crustal sources contributed to their origin. The zircons have two‐stage Hf model ages of 1064 to 1798 Ma for the host granite and 858 to 1747 Ma for the MMES. This suggests that the granitic pluton was likely derived from partial melting of a Late Mesoproterozoic crust, with subsequent interaction with the SCLM‐derived mafic magmas in tectonic affinity to the South China Block. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE SWEDES are shaping up
Authors: LARSON CEDRIC
Published: July 2012

Sweden is one of the northernmost countries of the world, and highly industrialized. Her area of 173,378 square miles ranks fourth in Europe, and the latest population estimate (July, 1951) places the figure at 7,100,000. Of this number about 3,400,000 are urban dwellers and the rest live in the rural districts.

The Swedish temperament is a peculiar mixture of stolidity and progressivism, with perhaps a preponderance of the latter. Reforms may be slow in coming, but once made, there is no backtracking. While Sweden certainly puts forth no claims to being a utopia, this country has been during the past generation something of a social proving‐ground and many of the social reforms have been watched by the world at large with unmixed interest.

Through good fortune, Sweden has escaped the ravages of the two world wars which have rocked the Western civilized community during the Twentieth Century, and has, in fact, almost rounded out 150 years of continuous peace. The result, as might be expected, has been the evolving of a state within which there has been created over the decades a remarkable social unity.

The socio‐economic and cultural pattern which has developed during the past 200 years in Sweden has been dominated by two leading principles: firstly, strong state leadership, and a pronounced tendency toward uniformity of opportunity for all; and secondly, recognition of the democratic ideal and individual rights in all social development and planning. This process has contributed in great measure to the elimination of class distinctions in Sweden.
See What They Choose
Authors: HARRISON E. C.
Published: July 2012

Take a thousand and thirteen Negro boys and girls, graduate them from high school in Louisiana, and see what they choose. These 342 girls and 670 boys—1951 graduates of 30 high schools—mostly wanted to wear white collars. Most of the boys didn't want to do what their fathers had done to make a living. Out of 30,000 possible vocational choices, why did these youngsters make only 41 different choices? In view of employment opportunities in an industrializing South, how realistic were they?
WHAT I WANT TO BE
Authors: MADISON LUCY MAE
Published: July 2012

This essay won second place in the National Urban League's 1951 Thalheimer Essay Contest. At the time of writing the author was an 18‐year‐old senior at Parker High School in Birmingham, Alabama. As it turned out, Lucy was not able to enter nursing school this year, and her $100 prize will be applied next year against expenses of her nursing education.