bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La crise de la laïcité et la philosophie
Authors: Housset Emmanuel
Published: June 2018

Le philosophe n’a pas de compétence particulière pour étudier les problèmes contemporains de la laïcité, mais il peut étudier l’idée de laïcité en elle-même de manière à éviter les séparations trop brutales comme les confusions dangereuses. Si la laïcité se veut une réponse au nihilisme actuel, elle ne peut pas être simplement le rejet de la religion dans la sphère privée ; elle ne peut pas non plus s’identifier totalement à l’une de ses formes historiques particulières et il est nécessaire d’envisager non seulement une évolution de la pratique de la laïcité, mais également une très grande diversité de sa réalisation. Toute la difficulté est de ne pas transformer la laïcité en un processus d’exclusion de toute une catégorie de la population. Cela suppose de concevoir la laïcité aussi comme un espace d’expression des religions. Cela n’est possible que par un dialogue interreligieux et par une reconnaissance réciproque du religieux et du politique, en ayant bien soin de donner un sens large au religieux. Il ne s’agit pas de lever toutes les apories, mais au moins de parvenir à les mettre en lumière.
L’Observatoire de la laïcité, présentation et fonction
Authors: Bianco Jean-Louis
Published: June 2018

L’Observatoire de la laïcité est saisi par le gouvernement pour toute question touchant à la laïcité et s’autosaisit sur tout sujet de son choix. De nombreux avis et rapports rappellent ce que la laïcité permet, ce qu’elle interdit, et indiquent les réponses à toute problématique liée au fait religieux ou à la laïcité dans différentes structures et différents domaines. L’Observatoire de la laïcité est en lien constant avec de nombreux acteurs du travail social comme la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse ( pjj ), les assistantes sociales scolaires, les maisons d’enfants à caractère social, la protection de l’enfance…
Rituel et mythe chez Warburg, Cassirer et Lévi-Strauss
Authors: Vliet Muriel van
Published: June 2018

Faut-il concevoir le rituel de manière mécanique et répétitive ou bien l’interpréter comme une première forme d’organisation du rapport de l’homme au monde ? La réponse engage une conception du corps et du symbole mais aussi des méthodes de l’anthropologie qui peut mettre au cœur de ses analyses soit le mythe, toujours de l’ordre du discours, soit le rite, de l’ordre de l’affectivité. Poursuivant l’interprétation inaugurée par J. M. Krois, l’article montre comment et pourquoi Warburg et Cassirer d’un côté, Lévi-Strauss (et Panofsky) de l’autre se distinguent radicalement sur cette question.
Qu’appelle-t-on un médium ?
Authors: Krajewski Pascal
Published: June 2018

Dans cet article, nous essayerons de faire un tour d’horizon des différents territoires recouverts par la notion floue de « médium » ou de « média ». Il nous semble que trois usages ont fait leurs ce terme, en le colorant chaque fois d’une compréhension particulière : le grand public, baigné dans une sphère médiatique, pour qui les médias signifient la transmission de contenus culturels ; les scientifiques médiologues, McLuhan et Debray en tête, qui conçoivent toute prothèse technico-technologique comme un médium dont les effets façonnent notre sensible ; la sphère de l’art, enfin, qui s’est emparée du terme médium pour analyser l’art moderne en son autonomie et sa quête de pureté.
La dérivation philosophique de l’homme et les enjeux de l’écologie humaine
Authors: Barthélémy Jean-Hugues
Published: June 2018

Une nouvelle et étrange alliance, objective plutôt que concertée, est en train de naître chez les nouvelles générations : celle entre le vieil obscurantisme et un récent relativisme tendanciel, qui participent tous deux à ce que la théorie de l’évolution des espèces ne soit plus reçue comme un savoir, mais comme une opinion que l’on pourrait combattre au nom du « débat démocratique d’opinion ». Après une brève analyse documentée de cet état de fait, on se penchera sur la persistance de la « coupure anthropologique » dans la tradition philosophique occidentale, avant d’esquisser une dérivation philosophique de l’homme à partir de l’animal. Cette dérivation proprement philosophique se distinguera de toute dérivation scientifique et se proposera comme son complémentaire, justement appelé par les résistances tant obscurantistes que relativistes auxquelles se heurte la théorie de l’évolution des espèces. Pourront alors être indiqués quelques-uns des enjeux de la doctrine nouvelle ici baptisée « écologie humaine », en attendant que l’ouvrage La Société de l’invention. Essai d’écologie humaine en développe les principes.
À propos de l’hospitalité : institution et inconditionnalité
Authors: Payot Daniel
Published: June 2018

Comment la littérature européenne traite-t-elle la question de l’hospitalité ? Confrontée aujourd’hui à ses frontières et, sur ses côtes, à la demande d’accueil de nombreux réfugiés et « migrants », l’Europe peut-elle espérer trouver dans sa littérature de quoi se ressaisir et retrouver la voie d’une authentique disponibilité à leur égard, au-delà de l’alternative piégée de l’exclusion violente et de la compassion impuissante ?La leçon d’Homère racontant la bonne fortune d’Ulysse accueilli par les Phéacéens semble totalement oubliée, dans Le Château de Kafka, par les habitants du village qui menacent K. dès son arrivée, avec des mots que malheureusement nous ne sommes plus surpris d’entendre aujourd’hui braillés par des Européens : « l’hospitalité n’est pas d’usage chez nous, nous n’avons pas besoin d’hôtes » !Contrairement aux idéologies et aux simplifications dogmatiques, la littérature arpente l’espace inévitablement tendu et aporétique qui s’étend, à propos de l’hospitalité, entre une loi inconditionnelle d’accueil et des lois circonstancielles relatives aux temps et aux lieux.
Hambourg – les dispositifs de sécurité
Authors: Brossat Alain
Published: June 2018

Il s'agit, en rappelant la façon dont, dans le cours intitulé "Sécurité, territoire, population", Foucault se déplace du motif des disciplines vers celui des dispositifs de sécurité, de tenter de montrer comment ceux-ci sont aujourd'hui installés au coeur du gouvernement des vivants. Deux exemples contemporains viennent à l'appui de l'analyse: la prise en charge de la pandémie du sida et la réduction du caractère de fléau du phénomène "Front national".
Kostas Axelos - L’exil, l’errance, le passage
Authors: Lauxerois Jean
Published: June 2018

La vie et l’œuvre de Kostas Axelos peuvent être réunies et saisies selon les figures et les métamorphoses d’un voyage, voyage ininterrompu dont il n’a cessé de déplacer et d’approfondir la signification – de l’exil à l’errance, de l’errance au passage. Comme le poète, qui peut toujours « répondre qu’il est du pays d’à côté » (René Char), Kostas Axelos nous montre, au cœur de notre époque devenue furieusement identitaire, combien la pensée est nécessairement l’aventure d’une expatriation, si elle veut pouvoir, d’un même geste, éclairer le présent et ouvrir le chemin de l’avenir.
Le Rousseau de Cassirer
Authors: Simonetta Laetitia
Published: June 2018

La lecture que Ernst Cassirer fait de Jean-Jacques Rousseau au début des années 1930 est intéressante, car elle met en exergue différents mécanismes interprétatifs, plus ou moins reconnus par l’auteur. D’un côté, Cassirer entend retrouver l’œuvre de Rousseau, par-delà les interprétations divergentes de son temps : il revendique une lecture neutre. De l’autre, sa pensée, de fait, est déterminée par sa formation philosophique personnelle, assimilée au néokantisme de l’école de Marbourg, et surtout par le contexte politique de son temps.
Le retour d’une « demi-erreur » ? De la physiognomonie selon François Dagognet à la nouvelle psychiatrie
Authors: Dartigues Laurent
Published: June 2018

Il est facile d’oublier que la physiognomonie connut un immense succès à son époque tant elle nous paraît aujourd’hui relever de la fantaisie. Nous pouvons en sourire avec le recul historique, mais de quelles certitudes scientifiques bien établies rira-t-on dans deux siècles ? Il convient pourtant de ne pas négliger sa permanence et ses mutations au sein d’un monde voué à la science. Non seulement parce qu’elle semblerait ouvrir une configuration historique où « déchiffrer le corps », connaître le caractère à partir du visible devient une préoccupation majeure à laquelle la « science » apporte sans cesse de nouveaux outils, des langues nouvelles, mais aussi parce qu’elle trouve grâce aux yeux de certains de nos contemporains. Tel est le cas du philosophe et psychiatre François Dagognet qui, contre le mythe de l’intériorité, n’a eu de cesse de promouvoir un point de vue externaliste. C’est ainsi qu’il cherche à renouveler la physiognomonie de Johann Caspar Lavater en lui adjoignant des techniques et des théories du XXe siècle afin de fonder une anthropologie physique moderne. Je ne cherche toutefois pas à voir en quoi Dagognet nourrit ce vieux débat philosophique entre externalisme et internalisme, mais m’intéresse plutôt à ce que cette lecture renouvelée de Lavater induit vis-à-vis de la parole de l’autre. Au fond, Dagognet ne prolongerait pas tant Lavater qu’il n’annoncerait, en ce début des années 1980, le « retour » d’une psychiatrie qui réduit le psychisme à un fonctionnement biologique.
L’éducation à l’environnement : l’idée de neutralité entre simplisme, positivisme et relativisme
Authors: Voisin Carole
Published: June 2018

Cet article vise, à travers une étude de cas, à questionner l’approche de l’éducation à l’environnement. Il cherche à identifier et à comprendre les difficultés de positionnements des enseignants, souvent pris entre « moralisme » et « relativisme ». Les difficultés de conception et de mise en place de ces enseignements pourtant préconisés par les Instructions officielles, dans le cadre des disciplines scolaires n’expliquent pas tout. En particulier, la tentation d’esquiver les débats et controverses en classe semble renvoyer, dans certains cas, à une vision positiviste des sciences ou alors à une certaine conception de ce que devrait être un « savoir élémentaire ». Enfin, le cadre de la laïcité scolaire peut induire chez l’enseignant une attitude de neutralité stricte, peu compatible avec une éducation à la citoyenneté. Ainsi, comment permettre aux enseignants de s’engager, avec une relative sérénité dans la mise au travail des problèmes environnementaux tout en se prémunissant à la fois de l’illusion de neutralité et de la tentation d’endoctriner ?
Éducation à la laïcité et enseignement laïque du fait religieux : enjeux d’une pédagogie du discernement
Authors: Vézier Anne
Published: June 2018

Par référence au principe de laïcité, un enseignement laïque aborde le fait religieux de façon respectueuse des croyances ou des non-croyances. La découverte et l’acceptation du pluralisme religieux (« des » faits religieux) contribueraient au vivre-ensemble en favorisant la tolérance et le respect du pluralisme des convictions (Willaime, 2017)1. La proposition renvoie ainsi au principe hérité de Condorcet, selon lequel il ne saurait y avoir conflit entre connaissances et valeurs (Audigier, 1991). Cependant l’accent mis sur une visée éducative peut rendre accessoire l’appui sur la raison critique, si l’enseignement du fait religieux ne s’appuie pas sur l’enseignement de la démarche scientifique qui permet de parler de fait religieux. La question des rapports entre savoirs et valeurs est donc liée à des enjeux didactiques. L’analyse d’une situation d’enseignement en histoire sur le pluralisme religieux médiéval conduit à s’interroger sur les conditions pour remettre en cause la façon dont les élèves appréhendent les faits à partir de la valeur qu’ils donnent à la notion de tolérance. Avec cette étude, nous cherchons à construire des repères pour aider les professeurs à problématiser ces situations où valeurs et savoirs se trouvent en tension.
Brain SPECT scans in students with specific learning disability
Authors: Karande S , Deshmukh N , Rangarajan V , Agrawal A , Sholapurwala R
Published: June 2018

Background and Objectives:

Brain single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) assesses brain function through measurement of regional cerebral blood flow. This study was conducted to assess whether students with newly diagnosed specific learning disability (SpLD) show any abnormalities in cerebral cortex perfusion.

Settings and Design:

Cross-sectional single-arm pilot study in two tertiary care hospitals.

Subjects and Methods:

Nine students with SpLD were enrolled. Brain SPECT scan was done twice in each student. For the first or “baseline“ scan, the student was first made to sit with eyes open in a quiet, dimly lit room for a period of 30–40 min and then injected intravenously with 20 mCi of 99mTc-ECD. An hour later, “baseline scan“ was conducted. After a minimum gap of 4 days, a second or “test scan“ was conducted, wherein the student performed an age-appropriate curriculum-based test for a period of 30–40 min to activate the areas in central nervous system related to learning before being injected with 20 mCi of 99mTc-ECD.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Cerebral cortex perfusion at rest and after activation in each student was compared qualitatively by visual analysis and quantitatively using NeuroGam™ software.

Results:

Visual analysis showed reduction in regional blood flow in temporoparietal areas in both “baseline“ and “test“ scans. However, when normalization was attempted and comparison done by Talairach analysis using NeuroGam software, no statistically significant change in regional perfusion in temporoparietal areas was appreciated.

Conclusion:

Brain SPECT scan may serve as a robust tool to identify changes in regional brain perfusion in students with SpLD.
SDGs, health and the G20: a vision for public policy
Authors: Neupane Sunisha , Boutilier Zoe , Kickbusch Ilona , Mehdi Ali , Sangiorgio Miriam , Told Michaela , Taylor Peter
Published: June 2018

Ensuring ‘health for all’ remains a persistent and entrenched global challenge. G20 governments are in a position to elevate the priority accorded to health, and acknowledge the centrality of health to attaining the SDGs. The authors call on G20 leaders to build nations that are more inclusive and less divided, by: adopting a Health- in-All-Policies approach, prioritizing the most vulnerable, engaging citizens in policy processes, and filling health data gaps.
Bifurcation of potential vorticity gradients across the Southern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex
Authors: Conway Jonathan , Bodeker Greg , Cameron Chris
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The wintertime stratospheric westerly winds circling the Antarctic
continent, also known as the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex, create a
barrier to mixing of air between middle and high latitudes. This dynamical
isolation has important consequences for export of ozone-depleted air from
the Antarctic stratosphere to lower latitudes. The prevailing view of this
dynamical barrier has been an annulus compromising steep gradients of
potential vorticity (PV) that create a single semi-permeable barrier to
mixing. Analyses presented here show that this barrier often displays a
bifurcated structure where a double-walled barrier exists. The bifurcated
structure manifests as enhanced gradients of PV at two distinct latitudes –
usually on the inside and outside flanks of the region of highest wind speed.
Metrics that quantify the bifurcated nature of the vortex have been developed
and their variation in space and time has been analysed. At most isentropic
levels between 395 and 850 K, bifurcation is strongest in mid-winter and
decreases dramatically during spring. From August onwards a distinct
structure emerges, where elevated bifurcation remains between 475 and 600 K,
and a mostly single-walled barrier occurs at other levels. While bifurcation
at a given level evolves from month to month, and does not always persist
through a season, interannual variations in the strength of bifurcation
display coherence across multiple levels in any given month. Accounting for
bifurcation allows the region of reduced mixing to be better characterised.
These results suggest that improved understanding of cross-vortex mixing
requires consideration of the polar vortex not as a single mixing barrier
but as a barrier with internal structure that is likely to manifest as more
complex gradients in trace gas concentrations across the vortex barrier
region.
Insight into global trends in aerosol composition from 2005 to 2015 inferred from the OMI Ultraviolet Aerosol Index
Authors: Hammer Melanie S. , Martin Randall V. , Li Chi , Torres Omar , Manning Max , Boys Brian L.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Observations of aerosol scattering and absorption offer valuable information about aerosol composition. We apply a simulation of the Ultraviolet Aerosol Index (UVAI), a method of detecting aerosol absorption from satellite observations, to interpret UVAI values observed by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) from 2005 to 2015 to understand global trends in aerosol composition. We conduct our simulation using the vector radiative transfer model VLIDORT with aerosol fields from the global chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. We examine the 2005–2015 trends in individual aerosol species from GEOS-Chem and apply these trends to the UVAI simulation to calculate the change in simulated UVAI due to the trends in individual aerosol species. We find that global trends in the UVAI are largely explained by trends in absorption by mineral dust, absorption by brown carbon, and scattering by secondary inorganic aerosol. Trends in absorption by mineral dust dominate the simulated UVAI trends over North Africa, the Middle East, East Asia, and Australia. The UVAI simulation resolves observed negative UVAI trends well over Australia, but underestimates positive UVAI trends over North Africa and Central Asia near the Aral Sea and underestimates negative UVAI trends over East Asia. We find evidence of an increasing dust source from the desiccating Aral Sea that may not be well represented by the current generation of models. Trends in absorption by brown carbon dominate the simulated UVAI trends over biomass burning regions. The UVAI simulation reproduces observed negative trends over central South America and West Africa, but underestimates observed UVAI trends over boreal forests. Trends in scattering by secondary inorganic aerosol dominate the simulated UVAI trends over the eastern United States and eastern India. The UVAI simulation slightly overestimates the observed positive UVAI trends over the eastern United States and underestimates the observed negative UVAI trends over India. Quantitative simulation of the OMI UVAI offers new insight into global trends in aerosol composition.
Different roles of water in secondary organic aerosol formation from toluene and isoprene
Authors: Jia Long , Xu YongFu
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Roles of water in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the irradiations of toluene-NO2 and isoprene-NO2 were investigated in a smog chamber. Experimental results show that the yield of SOA from toluene almost doubled as relative humidity increased from 5 to 85 %, whereas the yield of SOA from isoprene under humid conditions decreased by 2.6 times as compared to that under dry conditions. The distinct difference of RH effects on SOA formation from toluene and isoprene is well explained with our experiments and model simulations. The increased SOA from humid toluene-NO2 irradiations is mainly contributed by O–H-containing products such as polyalcohols formed from aqueous reactions. The major chemical components of SOA in isoprene-NO2 irradiations are oligomers formed from the gas phase. SOA formation from isoprene-NO2 irradiations is controlled by stable Criegee intermediates (SCIs) that are greatly influenced by water. As a result, high RH can obstruct the oligomerization reaction of SCIs to form SOA.
Long-range-transported bioaerosols captured in snow cover on Mount Tateyama, Japan: impacts of Asian-dust events on airborne bacterial dynamics relating to ice-nucleation activities
Authors: Maki Teruya , Furumoto Shogo , Asahi Yuya , Lee Kevin C. , Watanabe Koichi , Aoki Kazuma , Murakami Masataka , Tajiri Takuya , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Mashio Asami , Iwasaka Yasunobu
Published: June 2018

Abstract. The westerly wind travelling at high altitudes over eastern Asia transports
aerosols from the Asian deserts and urban areas to downwind areas such as
Japan. These long-range-transported aerosols include not only mineral
particles but also microbial particles (bioaerosols), that impact the
ice-cloud formation processes as ice nuclei. However, the detailed relations
of airborne bacterial dynamics to ice nucleation in high-elevation aerosols
have not been investigated. Here, we used the aerosol particles captured in
the snow cover at altitudes of 2450 m on Mt Tateyama to investigate
sequential changes in the ice-nucleation activities and bacterial communities
in aerosols and elucidate the relationships between the two processes. After
stratification of the snow layers formed on the walls of a snow pit on
Mt Tateyama, snow samples, including aerosol particles, were collected from
70 layers at the lower (winter accumulation) and upper (spring accumulation)
parts of the snow wall. The aerosols recorded in the lower parts mainly came
from Siberia (Russia), northern Asia and the Sea of Japan, whereas those in
the upper parts showed an increase in Asian dust particles originating from
the desert regions and industrial coasts of Asia. The snow samples exhibited
high levels of ice nucleation corresponding to the increase in Asian dust
particles. Amplicon sequencing analysis using 16S rRNA genes revealed that
the bacterial communities in the snow samples predominately included plant
associated and marine bacteria (phyla Proteobacteria)
during winter, whereas during spring, when dust events arrived frequently,
the majority were terrestrial bacteria of phyla
Actinobacteria and Firmicutes.
The relative abundances of Firmicutes (Bacilli) showed a significant positive
relationship with the ice nucleation in snow samples. Presumably, Asian dust
events change the airborne bacterial communities over Mt Tateyama and carry
terrestrial bacterial populations, which possibly induce ice-nucleation
activities, thereby indirectly impacting climate change.
Emissions from village cookstoves in Haryana, India and their potential impacts on air quality
Authors: Fleming Lauren T. , Weltman Robert , Yadav Ankit , Edwards Rufus D. , Arora Narendra K. , Pillarisetti Ajay , Meinardi Simone , Smith Kirk R. , Blake Donald R. , Nizkorodov Sergey A.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Air quality in rural India is impacted by residential cooking and heating with biomass fuels. In this study, emissions of CO, CO2, and 76 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were quantified to better understand the relationship between cook fire emissions and ambient ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation. Cooking was carried out by a local cook and traditional dishes were prepared on locally built chulha or angithi cookstoves using brushwood or dung fuels. Cook fire emissions were collected throughout the cooking event in a Kynar bag (VOCs) and on PTFE filters (PM2.5). Gas samples were transferred from a Kynar bag to previously evacuated stainless steel canisters and analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization, electron capture, and mass spectrometry detectors. Filter samples were weighed to calculate PM2.5 emission factors. Dung fuels and angithi cookstoves resulted in significantly higher emissions of most VOCs (p
Laser pulse bidirectional reflectance from CALIPSO mission
Authors: Lu Xiaomei , Hu Yongxiang , Yang Yuekui , Vaughan Mark , Liu Zhaoyan , Rodier Sharon , Hunt William , Powell Kathy , Lucker Patricia , Trepte Charles
Published: June 2018

Abstract. This paper presents an innovative retrieval method that translates the CALIOP
land surface laser pulse returns into the surface bidirectional reflectance.
To better analyze the surface returns, the CALIOP receiver impulse response
and the downlinked samples' distribution at 30 m vertical resolution are
discussed. The saturated laser pulse magnitudes from snow and ice surfaces
are recovered based on information extracted from the tail end of the surface
signal. The retrieved snow surface bidirectional reflectance is compared with
reflectance from both CALIOP cloud-covered regions and MODIS BRDF–albedo
model parameters. In addition to the surface bidirectional reflectance, the
column top-of-atmosphere bidirectional reflectances are calculated from the
CALIOP lidar background data and compared with the bidirectional reflectances
derived from WFC radiance measurements. The retrieved CALIOP surface
bidirectional reflectance and column top-of-atmosphere bidirectional
reflectance results provide unique information to complement existing MODIS
standard data products and are expected to have valuable applications for
modelers.
An assessment of latest Cretaceous Pycnodonte vesicularis (Lamarck, 1806) shells as records for palaeoseasonality: a multi-proxy investigation
Authors: de Winter Niels J. , Vellekoop Johan , Vorsselmans Robin , Golreihan Asefeh , Soete Jeroen , Petersen Sierra V. , Meyer Kyle W. , Casadio Silvio , Speijer Robert P. , Claeys Philippe
Published: June 2018

Abstract. In order to assess the potential of the honeycomb oyster Pycnodonte vesicularis for the reconstruction of palaeoseasonality, several specimens recovered from late Maastrichtian strata in the Neuquén Basin (Argentina) were subject to a multi-proxy investigation, involving scanning techniques and trace element and isotopic analysis. Combined CT scanning and light microscopy reveals two calcite microstructures in P. vesicularis shells (vesicular and foliated calcite). Micro-XRF analysis and cathodoluminescence microscopy show that reducing pore fluids were able to migrate through the vesicular portions of the shells (aided by bore holes) and cause recrystallization of the vesicular calcite. This renders the vesicular portions not suitable for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. In contrast, stable isotope and trace element compositions show that the original chemical composition of the foliated calcite is well-preserved and can be used for the reconstruction of palaeoenvironmental conditions. Stable oxygen and clumped isotope thermometry on carbonate from the dense hinge of the shell yield sea water temperatures of 11°C, while previous TEX86H palaeothermometry yielded much higher temperatures. The difference is ascribed to seasonal bias in the growth of P. vesicularis, causing warm seasons to be underrepresented from the record, while TEX86H palaeothermometry seems to be biased towards warmer surface water temperatures. The multi-proxy approach employed here enables us to differentiate between well-preserved and diagenetically altered portions of the shells and provides an improved methodology for reconstructing palaeoenvironmental conditions in deep time. While establishing a chronology for these shells was complicated by growth cessations and diagenesis, cyclicity in trace elements and stable isotopes allowed for a tentative interpretation of the seasonal cycle in late Maastrichtian palaeoenvironment of the Neuquén Basin. Attempts to independently verify the seasonality in sea water temperature by Mg ∕ Ca ratios of shell calcite are hampered by significant uncertainty due to the lack of proper transfer functions for pycnodontein oysters. Future studies of fossil ostreid bivalves should target dense, foliated calcite rather than sampling bulk or vesicular calcite. Successful application of clumped isotope thermometry on fossil bivalve calcite in this study indicates that temperature seasonality in fossil ostreid bivalves may be constrained by the sequential analysis of well-preserved foliated calcite samples using this method.
WRF and WRF-Chem v3.5.1 simulations of meteorology and black carbon concentrations in the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Mues Andrea , Lauer Axel , Lupascu Aurelia , Rupakheti Maheswar , Kuik Friderike , Lawrence Mark G.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. An evaluation of the meteorology simulated using the Weather Research and
Forecast (WRF) model for the region of south Asia and Nepal with a focus on the
Kathmandu Valley is presented. A particular focus of the model evaluation is
placed on meteorological parameters that are highly relevant to air quality
such as wind speed and direction, boundary layer height and precipitation.
The same model setup is then used for simulations with WRF including
chemistry and aerosols (WRF-Chem). A WRF-Chem simulation has been performed
using the state-of-the-art emission database, EDGAR HTAP v2.2, which is the Emission
Database for Global Atmospheric Research of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of
the European Commission, in cooperation with the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport
of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) organized by the United Nations Economic Commission for
Europe, along with a sensitivity simulation using observation-based black carbon
emission fluxes for the Kathmandu Valley. The WRF-Chem simulations are
analyzed in comparison to black carbon measurements in the valley and to each
other. The evaluation of the WRF simulation with a horizontal resolution of 3×3 km2
shows that the model is often able to capture important
meteorological parameters inside the Kathmandu Valley and the results for
most meteorological parameters are well within the range of biases found in
other WRF studies especially in mountain areas. But the evaluation results
also clearly highlight the difficulties of capturing meteorological
parameters in such complex terrain and reproducing subgrid-scale processes
with a horizontal resolution of 3×3 km2. The measured black
carbon concentrations are typically systematically and strongly
underestimated by WRF-Chem. A sensitivity study with improved emissions in
the Kathmandu Valley shows significantly reduced biases but also underlines
several limitations of such corrections. Further improvements of the model
and of the emission data are needed before being able to use the model to
robustly assess air pollution mitigation scenarios in the Kathmandu region.
Probabilistic inference of ecohydrological parameters using observations from point to satellite scales
Authors: Bassiouni Maoya , Higgins Chad W. , Still Christopher J. , Good Stephen P.
Published: June 2018

Abstract. Vegetation controls on soil moisture dynamics are challenging to measure and
translate into scale- and site-specific ecohydrological parameters for simple
soil water balance models. We hypothesize that empirical probability density
functions (pdfs) of relative soil moisture or soil saturation encode
sufficient information to determine these ecohydrological parameters.
Further, these parameters can be estimated through inverse modeling of the
analytical equation for soil saturation pdfs, derived from the commonly used
stochastic soil water balance framework. We developed a generalizable
Bayesian inference framework to estimate ecohydrological parameters
consistent with empirical soil saturation pdfs derived from observations at
point, footprint, and satellite scales. We applied the inference method to
four sites with different land cover and climate assuming (i) an annual
rainfall pattern and (ii) a wet season rainfall pattern with a dry season of
negligible rainfall. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiencies of the analytical
model's fit to soil observations ranged from 0.89 to 0.99. The coefficient of
variation of posterior parameter distributions ranged from < 1 to 15 %.
The parameter identifiability was not significantly improved in the more
complex seasonal model; however, small differences in parameter values
indicate that the annual model may have absorbed dry season dynamics.
Parameter estimates were most constrained for scales and locations at which
soil water dynamics are more sensitive to the fitted ecohydrological
parameters of interest. In these cases, model inversion converged more slowly
but ultimately provided better goodness of fit and lower uncertainty. Results
were robust using as few as 100 daily observations randomly sampled from the
full records, demonstrating the advantage of analyzing soil saturation pdfs
instead of time series to estimate ecohydrological parameters from sparse
records. Our work combines modeling and empirical approaches in ecohydrology
and provides a simple framework to obtain scale- and site-specific analytical
descriptions of soil moisture dynamics consistent with soil moisture
observations.
Identificación de capacidades digitales en estudiantes y docentes universitarios del área de humanidades
Authors: González-Quiñones Fidel , Tarango Javier , Fierro-Ramírez Luis-Alberto
Published: June 2018

Este artículo analiza el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en docentes y estudiantes universitarios del área de humanidades, cuyo objetivo principal es conocer su realidad actual en capacidades y habilidades en la utilización de herramientas digitales, la comprensión en encontrar información de calidad y la capacidad de generar contenidos educativos digitales efectivos. Los resultados permitieron la derivación de un instrumento de Diagnóstico de Capacidades Digitales (DICADI), cuya aplicación constituyó un nicho, en el cual, todos los encuestados manifestaron tener contacto con las TIC y, aun cuando, se identificaron brechas digitales importantes entre los grupos de investigación, estas no fueron significativas, sin embargo, permitieron llegar a la reflexión sobre los retos en el uso adecuado de las TIC, hacia el logro ideal del máximo provecho, en aras de incrementar la productividad académica en diversos ámbitos de la educación.
Trauma y testimonio: la experiencia de Jorge Semprún
Authors: Rodríguez Varela Rita
Published: June 2018

En el siglo XX tuvieron lugar múltiples acontecimientos históricos de naturaleza traumática que dejaron una huella profunda en la historia de la humanidad. Ante vivencias de esta índole, el ser humano busca expresar su herida a través de las múltiples formas culturales, siendo una de ellas la literatura. Este artículo pretende, en primer lugar, definir el concepto de trauma, su integración en el campo de la psiquiatría y las posibilidades de superación a partir de su puesta en discurso; en segundo lugar, proponer los rasgos que caracterizan al testimonio como el género literario idóneo para dar cuenta de dichas vivencias; finalmente, analizar el caso del escritor Jorge Semprún y la verbalización de su experiencia concentracionaria en el campo de Buchenwald.
O GÊNERO EM DISPUTA: AUSÊNCIAS E PRESENÇAS DA DEMANDA LGBT NA ESCOLA
Authors: Vieira Rafael Lima , Lage Allene Carvalho
Published: June 2018

Este artigo apresenta a questão LGBT e suas demandas à educação como tema central. Objetiva apontar as ausências, assim como as presenças de temas relacionados a gênero no campo educacional que são caros e objeto de disputa à cidadania LGBT. Traz a experiência de pesquisa realizada em cinco municípios do Agreste Pernambuco na tentativa de identificar tais ausências e presenças. Adotou uma metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, e como estratégia de coleta de dados fez uso de entrevistas semiestruturadas e formulários. Os resultados apontam para o alinhamento das experiências escolares às nossas premissas teóricas no que diz respeito às políticas educacionais, práticas escolares e representação docente; mas fazem emergir informações importantes e originais nascidas das particularidades de cada contexto analisado.
Detroit Youth Speak Back: Rewriting Deficit Perspectives Through Songwriting
Authors: Hess Juliet
Published: June 2018

This critical ethnographic study examined the songwriting practices of youth participating in a facilitated 15-week community-based after-school songwriting class called The Verses Project in Midtown Detroit. This article explores (a) the ways in which youth used hip-hop to share their lived experiences in contrast to dominant discourses about their lives, (b) the nature of the stories they chose to tell with the music they created, and (c) the manner in which teaching artists and mentors supported youth in this work. I draw upon critical race theory as a theoretical framework specifically for its emphasis on “counterstories” that foreground the experiences of marginalized voices to speak back to dominant narratives.

Deficit perspectives often frame the public’s images of youth—particularly youth of color in urban areas. I argue that in The Verses Project, youth asserted the strengths of their identities and communities through music and provided profound counternarratives to dominant deficit discourses. The possibility of the production of these counternarratives provides significant motivation for offering such songwriting classes both inside and outside of school.
The Effects of Different Feeding Rates on Growth Performance and Stomach Volume in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Karabulut H. A. , Senoglu B. , Kurtoglu I. Z.
Published: June 2018

In this study, the effects of various daily feeding ratios on the growth, stomach volume and meat composition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. The feeding experiment was conducted in 450 L volume fiberglass tanks with 3 × 3 factorial patterns. During the experiment, while food were given to the fish at the first group in the 0.5% (I) of ratio of their live weight, the second group at the level of 2% (II) food were given to the fish, at the third group at the level of 6% (III) food. The initial weight and size values of the groups were 76.16±0.41 g and 19.11±1.63 cm, respectively. The final weight and size values reached up to 128.89±34.21 g, 25.09±2.37 cm; 236.05±89.32 g, 24.78±2.22 cm; and 238.91±86.67 g, 21.65±1.64 cm, for groups I, II, and III respectively. The best growth performance in terms of weight was obtained in group III, while the best growth performance in terms of size was obtained in groups I and II (P < 0.05). The best feed conversion ratio was determined in the low feeding group I (P < 0.05). At the end of experiment, three of the experimental groups were different from each other. The highest stomach volume was measured in group III (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the 6% feeding ratio increased the growth and significantly increased the stomach volume, however decreased the feed conversion ratio.
Physico-chemical Parameters of Honey From Melipona mondury Smith, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)
Authors: Alves Rogério Marcos de Oliveira , Viana Jacqueline Lemos , Sousa Henrique de Abreu Cerqueira , Waldschmidt Ana Maria
Published: June 2018

The physico-chemical properties of honey produced by the stingless bee Melipona mondury from Atlantic Forest in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil were evaluated. The evaluated characteristics included: water content, electrical conductivity, pH, acidity, water activity, ashes, diastase, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), reducing sugars and saccharose values. The honey samples showed mean values of 29.18% for moisture; 391.5 μS for electrical conductivity; pH of 4.06; 34.3 meq kg-1 for acidity; 0.73 for water activity; 0.18% for ashes; 4.05 (Goethe unit) for diastase; 1.60% for HMF; 65.42% for reducing sugars; and 2.14% of saccharose. Only the diastase activity was above the limits accepted by the Technical Regulation for Identity and Quality of Honey (Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture and Supplies). Most parameters are according to those reported in honeys from other species of stingless bees in Brazil.
Mineralogy and Maximum Phosphorus Adsorption Capacity in Soybean Development
Authors: Oliveira Reginaldo De , Silva Laércio Santos , Souza Naiara Fernanda de , Pietroski Marizane , Caione Gustavo , Júnior Getulio de Freitas Seben , Ferbonink Guilherme Ferreira , Gomes Romário Pimenta , Júnior José Marques , Santos Gustavo André de Araújo , Campos Milton Cesar Costa
Published: June 2018

The low natural fertility of tropical soils and the mineralogy almost dominated by iron and aluminum oxides limit the availability of phosphorus (P) to the plants, causing negative impacts on soybean yield. Objective was to evaluate the effect of phosphate fertilization on soils with different maximum phosphorus adsorption capacities (PAC) in soybean development. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, using Red-yellow Latosol (RYL) and a Typic Hapludalf (TH) soil as substrate. The analyses were performed by a completely randomized experimental design in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement with three replications. The treatments consisted of 5 doses of P applied, corresponding to 0, 1, 6, 12, and 24% of PAC of each soil. In the soil, the mineralogy of the clay fraction (hematite, goethite, gibbsite and kaolinite) and crystallographic attributes were characterized. In the plant, we evaluated growth and pod production. The PAC of the soils ranged from 220 to 650 mg dm-3 with higher value in the RYL associated to clayey oxidic mineralogy and texture in relation to the TH of kaolinite origin and sandy texture, where the higher energy of adsorption observed was to TH. Phosphorus application from 16 to 21% of PAC, independently of the soil, promotes the same pattern of response with improvements in soybean development evidenced by increases in P content in plant tissue, plant height, root volume and aerial dry mass.
Economic Viability of Photovoltaic Systems in a Rural Community in Brazil
Authors: Carli Roberto Luiz de , Santos Reginaldo Ferreira , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Camargo , Zago Emmanuelle Albara , Tokura Luciene Kazue
Published: June 2018

Solar energy can be converted directly into electricity using photovoltaic cell technology. It is considered as the technology of the future because it uses the Sun, a clean and inexhaustible source. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the economic viability in energy generation of a photovoltaic system in a rural community in the district of Rio do Salto. The rural community is in the municipality of Cascavel, western region of the state of Paraná, geographical coordinates latitude 25°8'31"S, longitude 53°19'40"W and altitude 781 m. Rio do Salto has regulations of 19 blocks with 241 properties. The evaluated properties belonged to block 11. The project was feasible when the payback period of the investment occurred within the expected photovoltaic system life cycle and if the internal rate of return (IRR) was higher than the minimum attractiveness expected for the project. To ensure the viability of this power generation system, the average consumption over the 12-month period should be higher than the rate of availability of the concessionaire that the owner should pay. This value varied according to the connection type (single-phase: 30 kWh, two-phase: 50 kWh and three-phase: 100 kWh). Property 9 was the only one that did not show conditions for photovoltaic system for not reaching the minimum connection tariff of the concessionaire.
Economic Viability and Profitability of Lettuce in Hydroponic System Using Different Effluents
Authors: Xavier Josilda de França , Azevedo Carlos Alberto Vieira de , Azevedo Marcia Rejane de Q. A. , Filho Antônio Fernandes Monteira , Silva Carisa Rocha da
Published: June 2018

The hydroponic cultivation Lactuca sativa L. can offer producers greater economic profitability, fast financial return due to sanitary and nutritional quality. The objective of this study was to analyze the economic feasibility and profitability indicators of three cultivars of curly lettuce in a hydroponic system using different effluents and well water. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment of the State University of Paraíba-UEPB, Campus-II, in the municipality of Lagoa Seca-Paraíba. Experimental design was in a randomized blocks with plots subdivided in a 7 × 3 factorial scheme, with three replications whose factors were 7 hydroponic solutions and three lettuce cultivars. Variables analyzed included gross revenue; gross margin effective and total operating cost; gross margin total cost of production; leveling point effective operating Cost, total production; operating profit and profitability index. The cultivars: Verônica, Vanda and Thais presented the highest gross revenue and profitability index when irrigated with the Furlani solution (S1).
Effects of Pterostilbene on the Activation of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Pathway During in vitro Maturation of Mouse Oocytes
Authors: Ullah Obaid , Zhongshu Li , Ali Ihsan , Xu Lijie , Liu Haixing , Fang Nanzhu
Published: June 2018

Pterostilbene (PTS) is a natural polyphonic compound known to have biological activities, such as antioxidant and anticancer effects. This study was designed to regulate the effect of pterostilbene on the in vitro maturation (IVM) of mouse oocytes denuded of the cumulus (DOs). Different concentration of PTS was added to IVM media with immature DOs. After maturation, meiosis II (MII) stage rates oocytes, Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, activation of the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2) pathway and apoptotic expression of BCL2 family in MII oocytes were determined. Our results showed that: PTS significantly increased the MII rate of DOs (P < 0.05). Moreover, PTS decreased the ROS levels in DOs (P < 0.05) and increased the GSH levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, PTS addition in DOs significantly increased the protein expression of NFE2L2 in the nucleus and decreased Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (KEAP1). PTS significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme expression of catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase1 (HMOX1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, PTS lowered the protein expression of apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and increased the protein expression of anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma2 (BCL2) as well as PTS treatment significantly increased the gene expression of BCL2 and reduced the expression of apoptotic BAX in matured DOs. These results indicated that pterostilbene significantly improved the IVM quality matured of DOs and activate NFE2L2-Keap1 pathway during maturation of oocytes.
Evaluation of a Retrieved Pyrolithic Reactor to Be Used in Small Farms
Authors: Carozzi Helder José Costa , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Camargo , Gazola Thaís Caroline , Schneider Francielle Pareja , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Giomo Diogo
Published: June 2018

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the energy efficiency of a small Generator Motor Group (GMG), driven by internal combustion (fueled with water and gasoline), using pyrolytic reactor technology (GEET). In order to achieve this, the pyrolytic reactor was designed and built, so that when in operation, it obtains extra energy necessary for the pyrolysis process from the thermal energy produced by the combustion of the exhaust gases. In order to determine the efficiency of the small GMG, in conjunction with the GEET, two experiments were carried out: the first one was characterized by the operation and use of the GMG equipped with a carburetor, and when in use it used only ordinary gasoline as fuel. The second experiment was characterized by the insertion of the pyrolytic reactor, which allowed the motor generator group, when in operation, to use water and gasoline as fuel, according to the proportions defined in the methodology. It was possible to verify that the engine, when reaching the voltage near the nominal (115Vac), for the same type and value of load fed, the GEET device presented, during the tests, high and low efficiency results, showing that the experiment is promising, but requires more work and more investigations for correct evaluation of the phenomena observed.