bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heritability of education rises with intergenerational mobility
Authors: Engzell Per , Tropf Felix C.
Published: December 2019

As an indicator of educational opportunity, social scientists have studied intergenerational mobility—the degree to which children’s attainment depends on that of their parents—and how it varies across place or time. We combine this research with behavior genetics to show that societal variation in mobility is rooted in family advantages that siblings share over and above genetic transmission. In societies with high intergenerational mobility, less variance in educational attainment is attributable to the shared sibling environment. Variance due to genetic factors is largely constant, but its share as a part of total variance, heritability, rises with mobility. Our results suggest that environmental differences underlie variation in intergenerational mobility, and that there is no tension between egalitarian policies and the realization of individual genetic potential.
Autonomous bioluminescence imaging of single mammalian cells with the bacterial bioluminescence system
Authors: Gregor Carola , Pape Jasmin K. , Gwosch Klaus C. , Gilat Tanja , Sahl Steffen J. , Hell Stefan W.
Published: December 2019

Significance

Bioluminescence is generated by luciferases that oxidize a specific luciferin. The enzymes involved in the synthesis of the luciferin from widespread cellular metabolites have so far been identified for only 2 bioluminescence systems, those of bacteria and fungi. In these cases, the complete reaction cascade is genetically encodable, meaning that heterologous expression of the corresponding genes can potentially produce autonomous bioluminescence in cell types other than the bacterial or fungal host cells. However, the light levels achieved in mammalian cells so far are not sufficient for single-cell applications. Here we present autonomous bioluminescence images of single mammalian cells by coexpression of the genes encoding the 6 enzymes from the bacterial bioluminescence system.
TRPA1 modulation by piperidine carboxamides suggests an evolutionarily conserved binding site and gating mechanism
Authors: Chernov-Rogan Tania , Gianti Eleonora , Liu Chang , Villemure Elisia , Cridland Andrew P. , Hu Xiaoyu , Ballini Elisa , Lange Wienke , Deisemann Heike , Li Tianbo , Ward Stuart I. , Hackos David H. , Magnuson Steven , Safina Brian , Klein Michael L. , Volgraf Matthew , Carnevale Vincenzo , Chen Jun
Published: December 2019

Significance

The TRPA1 channel functions as an irritant sensor and is a therapeutic target for treating pain, itch, and respiratory diseases. TRPA1 can be activated by electrophilic compounds via covalent modification or activated by noncovalent agonists via ligand binding. However, how covalent modification leads to channel opening and, importantly, how noncovalent binding activates TRPA1 are not well-understood. Here we identified a group of noncovalent agonists and used them to explore TRPA1 gating through iterative functional analyses, molecular modeling, and structure–activity relationship studies. We show that TRPA1 possesses an evolutionarily conserved ligand binding site common to other TRP channels. The combination of computational modeling and experimental structure–activity data lays the foundations for rational drug design.
Loss of p57
KIP2
expression confers resistance to contact inhibition in human androgenetic trophoblast stem cells
Authors: Takahashi Sota , Okae Hiroaki , Kobayashi Norio , Kitamura Akane , Kumada Kanako , Yaegashi Nobuo , Arima Takahiro
Published: December 2019

A complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) is androgenetic in origin and characterized by enhanced trophoblastic proliferation and the absence of fetal tissue. In 15 to 20% of cases, CHMs are followed by malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasms including choriocarcinoma. Aberrant genomic imprinting may be responsible for trophoblast hypertrophy in CHMs, but the detailed mechanisms are still elusive, partly due to the lack of suitable animal or in vitro models. We recently developed a culture system of human trophoblast stem (TS) cells. In this study, we apply this system to CHMs for a better understanding of their molecular pathology. CHM-derived TS cells, designated as TS
mole
cells, are morphologically similar to biparental TS (TS
bip
) cells and express TS-specific markers such as GATA3, KRT7, and TFAP2C. Interestingly, TS
mole
cells have a growth advantage over TS
bip
cells only after they reach confluence. We found that p57
KIP2
, a maternally expressed gene encoding a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is strongly induced by increased cell density in TS
bip
cells, but not in TS
mole
cells. Knockout and overexpression studies suggest that loss of p57
KIP2
expression would be the major cause of the reduced sensitivity to contact inhibition in CHMs. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of CHMs and could have broad implications in tumorigenesis beyond CHMs because silencing of
p57

KIP2

is frequently observed in a variety of human tumors.
Repurposing dichloroacetate for the treatment of women with endometriosis
Authors: Horne Andrew W. , Ahmad S. Furquan , Carter Roderick , Simitsidellis Ioannis , Greaves Erin , Hogg Chloe , Morton Nicholas M. , Saunders Philippa T. K.
Published: December 2019

Endometriosis is a chronic pain condition affecting ∼176 million women worldwide. It is defined by the presence of endometrium-like tissue (lesions) outside the uterus, most commonly on the pelvic peritoneum. There is no cure for endometriosis. All endometriosis drug approvals to date have been contraceptive, limiting their use in women of child-bearing age. We have shown that human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) recovered from the pelvic peritoneum of women with endometriosis exhibit significantly higher glycolysis, lower mitochondrial respiration, decreased enzymatic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and increased production of lactate compared to HPMCs from women without disease. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is elevated in the peritoneal fluid from women with endometriosis, and exposure of HPMCs to TGF-β1 exacerbates this abnormal phenotype. Treatment of endometriosis HPMCs with the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor/PDH activator dichloroacetate (DCA) normalizes HPMC metabolism, reduces lactate secretion, and abrogates endometrial stromal cell proliferation in a coculture model. Oral DCA reduced peritoneal fluid lactate concentrations and endometriosis lesion size in a mouse model. These findings provide the rationale for targeting metabolic processes as a noncontraceptive treatment for women with endometriosis either as a primary nonhormonal treatment or to prevent recurrence after surgery.
Intermolecular coupling and fluxional behavior of hydrogen in phase IV
Authors: Goncharov Alexander F. , Chuvashova Irina , Ji Cheng , Mao Ho-kwang
Published: December 2019

Significance

Transformations of solid hydrogen at very high pressures are of fundamental interest as this behavior provides a benchmark for other materials. Molecular hydrogen is expected to transform to a monatomic solid at very high pressures; however, intermediate states and their existence remain largely unexplored. Quantum atomic motion is expected to play an increased role for these highly compressed states. Here we revisit hydrogen phase IV, which was reported to exhibit mixed molecular-atomic configurations, to probe the intermolecular interaction in this intermediate regime. By employing concomitantly synchrotron infrared and conventional Raman spectroscopy on the same sample, we do find that the intermolecular interactions are greatly heterogeneous, providing unique experimental insights into vibrational dynamics and lattice fluxionality of hydrogen in phase IV.
The description of the setting in two translations of Naguib Mahfouz’sMidaq Alley
Authors: El-Zawawy Amr M.
Published: December 2019

The present study investigates the semantic, syntactic and figurative challenges that pose difficulty to the two translators ofMidaq Alleyinto English, particularly in the extracts that describe the setting of the novel. The two translations examined are Trevor Le Gassick’s (a revised edition published in1992) andHumphrey Davies’ (2011). Several problematic extracts are selected to discuss the difficulties involved. The difficulties are tackled on three levels: semantic, figurative and syntactical. The semantic level includes subtleties and shades of meaning among different lexical choices made by the two translators. This level also includes culture-specific items; religious and Qur’anic expressions; and juxtaposition of Classical Arabic and MSA or Cairene lexical items. The figurative level includes the tropes that the ST makes use of as an emblem of literary texts. This includes, but is not limited to, metaphors, hyperboles, etc. The syntactical level is concerned with the syntactic structures and the sentential shifts that occur due to the diversity of the translation strategies adopted at the sentential level. Strategies of translation adopted are also analyzed in tandem with all the above levels. The study concludes that Le Gassick has taken liberties with the ST, very often omitting, compressing and chunking, while Davies has stuck to the letter of the original, thus copying the ST structure as much as possible.
Sotos Ochando’s language movement
Authors: Garvía Roberto
Published: December 2019

Usually relegated to a footnote in the historical accounts of planned languages, Sotos Ochando’sLengua Universalwas most likely the first to give rise to a planned language movement. Contrary to later language movements, Sotos Ochando’s had no competing planned language movements to challenge it. Sotos Ochando’sLengua Universalwas also unique in that it was a philosophical language, much like those created in the 17th-century. This article explains the reasons behind the emergence and collapse of this movement. It explores the perceptions of contemporaries regarding the possibility of philosophical language projects, as well as other extralinguistic factors that determined the fate of this movement.
Modelling of the boundary layer disturbances by localized effect of the round membrane
Authors: Katasonov M M , Kozlov V V , Pavlenko A M , Sadovskii I A
Published: December 2019

The spatial development of the flat plate boundary layer disturbances by the hot-wire anemometry is experimentally investigated. Controlled disturbances were introduced into the laminar flow by means of a round membrane located on the surface of the model. The impulse motion of a round membrane leads to the formation of longitudinal localized structures and wave packets in the boundary layer. Wave packets consist of a set of straight and oblique waves, differing in their propagation characteristics. The development of wave packets downstream is consistent with the linear theory of hydrodynamic stability.
Thermal-hydraulic tests of finned recirculating cooling equipment
Authors: Lychakov V D , Egorov M Yu , Matyash A S , Shcheglov A A
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes the experience of thermal-hydraulic experimental studies of various types of finned tube heat exchangers by the Power Equipment Test Facility of JSC “NPO CKTI”. The method of testing the air-cooled heat exchanger with finned heat exchange surface for recirculation cooling units ROPE(A)-2400/253-1 of the Belarusian NPP was developed. The results of the tests according to the developed method are necessary to confirm the thermal characteristics of the heat exchange equipment of the NPP before the start of industrial operation.
Effect of porous inserts on aerodynamics of flying vehicles
Authors: Maslov A A , Mironov S G , Poplavskaya T V , Kirilovskiy S V , Tsyryulnikov I S
Published: December 2019

Experimental and numerical investigations of a supersonic flow around a cylindrical model with a porous frontal insert made of a high-porosity cellular material performed at the Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences are briefly reviewed. New data on the influence of the angle of attack on the flow around a cylinder with a porous frontal insert are reported. Methods of using high-porosity cellular materials for controlling supersonic flows around axisymmetric bodies are demonstrated.
Heat transfer in supersonic separated flow of the compression corner
Authors: Zapryagaev V I , Kavun I N , Trubitsyna L P
Published: December 2019

This article presents the study results for heat transfer in supersonic laminar separated compression corner flow. The study was carried out for free-stream Mach number M = 6 and the compression ramp angle in the range of φ = 20° – 40°.
Turbulent spots in the flame of a diffusion torch
Authors: Lemanov V , Lukashov V , Sharov K , Nezavitin D
Published: December 2019

Jet flame in modes of manageable instability development inside the source of jet formation is one of the methods for controlling the space-time and thermodynamic parameters of the torch. When a system of vortices flows into a free atmosphere, their interaction with the mixing layer and the flame front is accompanied by the appearance of a number of effects. The introduction of artificial perturbations into the flow allowed initiating the onset of a laminarturbulent transition in the tube, which led to the formation of vortex structures in the jet stream. Hot-wire anemometric measurements of the velocity pulsations in the isothermal flow has shown that the disturbance introduced by the controlled valve is an acoustic precursor and a large-scale vortex formation. In this work, we investigated the effect of a system of turbulent spots on a laminar diffusion plume. Based on the two-point space-time temperature correlation dependences, data characterizing the rate of propagation of thermal perturbations during burning of H2/CO2 and C3H8/CO2 fuel mixtures were obtained.
Structure of a reacting flow of a turbulent swirling jet during combustion of a syngas–air mixture
Authors: Sharaborin D K , Tolstoguzov R V
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the flow structure and features of combustion in a turbulent swirling lean pre-mixed syngas flame using modern planar optical laser-based methods. The measurement of the instantaneous velocity field was carried out using the particle image velocimetry (PIV), and location of the OH radicals in the jet were determined by the method of laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). A comparison of the averaged flow characteristics of a high-swirl flame with an equivalence ratio Φ = 0.45 for syngas and Φ = 0.7 for methane are performed. Presence of a recirculation zone in the jet core is typical of both cases, however, the size of the central recirculation zone for the methane flame are approximately 1.5 times larger than that for the synthesis gas flame in both dimensions. The average distributions of the intensity of fluorescence signal of the OH radical shows a good coincidence of the position of the flame front in both cases, and lower fluorescence signal intensity for the synthesis gas flame.
Experimental and numerical study of the structure of premixed H2/CO/O2/Ar flames at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Knyazkov D A , Dmitriev A M , Bolshova T A , Shmakov A G , Korobeinichev O P , Markovich D M
Published: December 2019

Elaboration of a predictive and well validated kinetic mechanism for combustion of H2/CO mixtures is the key to development of advanced technologies for effective syngas burning in power generation systems. Moreover, understanding the combustion chemistry of H2/CO mixtures is a prerequisite for a comprehensive description of hydrocarbons chemistry and development of predictive chemical kinetic models for combustion of transportation fuels. In this work we report new experimental data for chemical speciation in the atmospheric pressure burner-stabilized premixed flames diluted with Ar and fuelled with H2/CO (1:1) mixture at equivalence ratios of 1 and 2. Flame sampling molecular beam mass spectrometry with soft electron ionization was used to examine the flames. Recent detailed chemical kinetic mechanisms for syngas combustion available from literature were used to simulate the experimental profiles with the CHEMKIN code. A compact kinetic mechanism including 11 species and 16 reactions was elaborated to reproduce the experimental data.
Thermocapillary rivulete structure in a flowing liquid film under conditions of constant wall temperature
Authors: Aktershev S P , Chinnov E A , Shatskiy E N
Published: December 2019

A stationary thermocapillary rivulet structure formed in a film of a liquid falling over a semi-infinite heater is theoretically and experimentally investigated. Nonlinear three-dimensional rivulets on the surface of a liquid film under constant wall temperature conditions are simulated numerically. It is shown that the developed rivulet structure varies very little downstream. The results of calculations for small and moderate Reynolds numbers are in good agreement with experimental data.
Experimental investigation of gas-liquid flow characteristics in slit rectangular and circular channels
Authors: Bartkus G V , Kuznetsov V V
Published: December 2019

This paper aims at the experimental study of the flow characteristics of the ethanol- nitrogen mixture in vertical and horizontal channels. The 95% ethanol and nitrogen were used as working liquid and gas accordingly in slit rectangular microchannel with cross-section of 200 × 2000 μm and in a circular channel with ID=2.2 mm. The hydraulic focusing and T-shape mixers were used for gas-liquid flow formation. Experimental data were obtained using highspeed visualization, laser scanning, μLIF, and PLIF methods. Using method μLIF the nonuniform thickness of the liquid film was obtained at the cross-section of the rectangular microchannel. For the circular channel, the measurements of the local film thickness using the PLIF method confirmed accordance of the experimental data with Taylor law.
On the peculiar properties of initiation and propagation of multifront detonation
Authors: Vasil’ev A A
Published: December 2019

At initiation an external source must initiate a chemical reaction in the combustible mixture and ensure its self-sustaining propagation over the whole volume of the mixture. Traditionally, the critical energy is considered as the measured value of successful initiation of a mixture, providing 100% excitation of the process – combustion or detonation. Actually, the initiation of combustion or detonation process has a “threshold” nature (“yes” – “no”). The spatial-temporal law of initiator energy allocation has a noticeable effect on the critical initiation energy. The instability of the system of equations of gas dynamics and chemical kinetics is manifested in the multifront nature of the detonation front and the cellular structure of the trajectories of the transverse waves. The important question is the moment and place of occurrence of such a structure, especially for expanding waves. Along with the kinetic- gasdynamic instability of the combustible mixture, a certain role is played by the instabilities introduced by the initiator: for example, the constrictive (sausage) electromagnetic instability of an electric conductor with a current, the Meshkov-Richtmeier instability at the expanding boundary of the liquid metal of the exploding wire, etc. In this report the existing problems of initiation and propagation of detonation are discussed based on modern data, including the results of the author’s research on these issues.
Experimental study of the control agent flow parameters in the channel, simulating the ramjet air flow duct
Authors: Maslov E A , Faraponov V V , Zharova I K , Zhukov A S , Kozlov E A , Savkina N V , Skibina N P , Gimayeva N R
Published: December 2019

This article presents the results of the experimental study of heat transfer when the supersonic air flow interact with the surface of the ramjet model air flow duct in the range of Mach numbers M = 5 – 7. Experimentally obtained temperature distribution along air flow duct of a ramjet shown. The temperature along the axisymmetric model of the air flow duct was measured using the designed hot probe. Distribution of the Mach number along the symmetry axis of the model air flow duct is obtained numerically. A comparison of the numerical and experimentally obtained values of the Mach number showed their satisfactory agreement
Numerical research of heat transfer processes at the drilling wells in permafrost rocks
Authors: Minakov A V , Pryazhnikov M I , Mikhienkova E I , Neverov A L , Matveev A V , Zhigarev A V , Guzei D V
Published: December 2019

Systematic numerical studies of processes that affect the rate of thawing during drilling of oil and gas wells in permafrost have been carried out. The influence of flow rate, temperature, drilling fluid rheology and drilling duration on the rate of permafrost thawing is studied. To reduce the rate of thawing, the use of polymer drilling fluids with additives of ethylene glycol is proposed.
Gas-liquid flow characteristics variation along inclined flat channel
Authors: Gorelikova A E , Pakhomov M A , Randin V V , Terekhov V I , Chinak A V
Published: December 2019

The results of an experimental study of bubble diameters variation with distance from the point of gas injection in an upward bubble flow in an inclined flat channel are presented. The measurements were carried out for a superficial fluid velocity of 0.51 m/s (Re=12400) and at various values of the gas flow rate ratio. It is shown that at small values of the gas flow rate ratio (β <2%), the coalescence of bubbles is practically absent, therefore the angle of inclination of the channel and the distance from the point of introduction of gas into the liquid flow do not affect the average diameter of gas bubbles.
On the explosiveness of suspensions of sulfide ore dust in air in shock waves
Authors: Pinaev A V , Pinaev P A
Published: December 2019

The explosiveness of suspensions of several powders of sulfide ores with a particle size of 1-5 μm in air is experimentally investigated. The air suspension is affected by high-temperature gas detonation products and shock waves with a temperature behind the front exceeding the pyrrhotite ignition temperature. Data on the changes in the content of chemical elements and compounds in ore powders after their exposure to shock waves are obtained by means of X-ray diagnostics. The effect of the air suspension on the parameters of incident and reflected shock waves is determined.
Combustion and detonation waves in methane mixtures with suspensions of fine coal particles
Authors: Pinaev A V
Published: December 2019

Combustion and detonation waves in hybrid systems of gas mixtures CH4/air with suspensions of coal particles 1–200 μm in size in a vertical shock tube (70 mm in diameter and 6.75 m long) are studied experimentally. The structure and parameters of the waves in gas mixtures without coal dust and in the same mixtures containing suspensions of a coal powder with a mean-volume density of 23–534 g m–3 are compared. XRD patterns of the coal powder are analyzed.
Numerical simulation of the crystallization front propagation during the bottom cooling of a flat layer of water
Authors: Guselnikova O O , Kislitsyn SA , Berdnikov V S , Mitin K A
Published: December 2019

The process of crystallization of water after a sudden cooling of the bottom of a rectangular cavity is investigated by numerical simulation of conjugate convective heat exchange using the finite element method. Detailed information has been obtained on hydrodynamics, temperature fields, and the forms of the crystallization front. The crystallization of water is studied by taking into account the dependence of the density on the temperature and heat of the phase transition. Numerical studies are carried out using a proprietary software package. Adaptive triangular grids are used to track the position of the crystallization front at each time step.
Investigation of heat and mass transfer in sublimation of solid particles
Authors: Bochkareva E M , Miskiv N B , Lukashov V V
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of heat and mass transfer during the sublimation of single spherical particles of metal-organic compounds in an inert gas flow. A technique for manufacturing samples of a binary mixture of Y(dpm)3 and Zr(dpm)4 is shown. As a result of the research, it was found that heat transfer does not depend on the method of sample preparation, but the front of sublimation becomes three-dimensional much faster for the samples prepared without solvent. It should be noted that after reaching thermal equilibrium, the size of the sample stabilizes and subsequently changes only slightly.
Experimental study of the combustion of artificial methane hydrate at different rates of external gas flow
Authors: Morozov V S
Published: December 2019

The dissociation behavior of methane hydrate was experimentally investigated in the presence of a laminar air flow in a channel of constant height. The dissociation rate (J) increases with increasing air velocity (U
a) in the range of velocity values 0.5–0.7 m/s and decreases with increasing velocity. When simulating the combustion of methane hydrate, it is necessary to take into account the strong temperature irregularities on the surface of the powder layer. The area of maximum temperature and maximum rate of dissociation is located near the side walls of the tank.
Experimental modelling of boric acid crystallization process during emergency core cooling of NPP with WWER
Authors: Shlepkin A S , Sakhipgareev A R , Morozov A V
Published: December 2019

The results of experimental study of boric acid crystallization in WWER reactor in case of loss of coolant accident (LOCA) and operation of passive safety systems are presented. Description of the test facility and the experimental technique are given. The results of the visual observation of process of boric acid crystallization from the solutions with initial concentrations 371 and 466 g kg−1 H2O are presented.
Investigation of characteristics of diesel fuel atomization with a high-speed gas jet
Authors: Sharypov O V , Anufriev I S , Shadrin E Yu , Kopyev E P , Leschevich V V
Published: December 2019

Using the modern contactless interferometric method for determining the droplet diameter (IPI), a gas-drop flow was experimentally investigated when diesel fuel is atomized with a high-speed gas jet. The size distribution of fuel drops was obtained in different operating parameters. The dependences of drop sizes on regime parameters are revealed and analyzed.
Numerical simulation of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in rarefied Ar/He mixture using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method
Authors: Kashkovsky A V , Kudryavtsev A N , Shershnev A A
Published: December 2019

The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method is used to study the emergence and development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. At the initial time, the heavier gas (argon) was located above the lighter gas (helium). In the simulation, no initial perturbations were superimposed on the interface, the appearance of instability was caused by fluctuations of gas- dynamic parameters that are inherent in the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo calculations. The onset of large-scale movement and mixing processes are investigated. Quantitative characteristics of the evolution of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a rarefied mode are obtained.
Analysis of diffusion processes in a phonon gas
Authors: Khvesyuk V I , Qiao W , Barinov A A
Published: December 2019

Diffusion processes in a phonon gas were studied in a wide temperature range in the application to silicon. To provide this analysis we develop a new method of computation based on the kinetics of phonon gas in combination with Monte Carlo simulation. This model for the first time allows one to obtain the diffusion coefficients, the influence of different types of interaction processes of phonons on diffusion and other information about processes in phonon gas. Presented method is useful in the study of heat transfer in nanostructures.
DSMC simulation of hydrogen dissociation on wire surface in resting gas
Authors: Plotnikov M Yu , Shkarupa E V
Published: December 2019

In the present work, the specific features of the simulation of hydrogen dissociation on the surface of a heated wire in a resting gas by the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method were studied. The influence of the boundary conditions on the processes occurring near the wire, in particular, on the rate of atomic hydrogen production, was studied. The obtained data were compared with the experimental data.
The study of the temperature distribution in the driving device material during high-speed acceleration
Authors: Zubashevskii K M , Guskov A V , Hrebtova M S , Milevskii K E
Published: December 2019

Driving device (DD) provides functional interaction of the product with the slot profile of the guide pipe during high-speed acceleration. During the sliding period, the DD material provides contact with the slideway pipe and is heated to high temperatures, which change the mechanical properties of the DD material. In this paper, a study of the temperature distribution in the copper and steel leading devices, numerical simulation of the temperature distribution deep into the device materials were held. The distributions are presented in the graphical form.
Steady-state flow of a power-law fluid between two coaxial cylinders taking into account the temperature dependence of the rheological parameters and the viscous dissipation
Authors: Borzenko E I , Ryltseva K E , Shrager G R
Published: December 2019

The non-isothermal power-law fluid flow between two coaxial cylinders under the pressure drop providing a specified flow rate is studied with allowance for the viscous dissipation of the mechanical energy and dependence of the rheological parameters on temperature. The flow regime is assumed to be laminar. Mathematical formulation of the problem includes the dimensionless equations of motion and energy. The no-slip conditions are used on the channel walls while the temperature and the heat flux are assigned on the outer and inner walls, respectively. The stated problem is solved numerically with the use of the finite-difference method to discretize the equations. A tridiagonal matrix algorithm is applied to solve the obtained system of algebraic equations. The parametric investigation of the kinematic, dynamical, and thermo-physical characteristics of the flow is carried out.
Misconception profile of students in senior high school iv Sidoarjo East Java in work and energy concepts and the causes evaluated using Four-Tier Diagnostic Test
Authors: Ermawati F U , Anggrayni S , Isfara L
Published: December 2019

The main issue faced by students in secondary high schools in Indonesia is the difficulties in understanding physics concepts. These difficulties are often caused by a conflict between preconceptions and academic knowledge obtained from school. For example, students’ preconceptions says that Work is an effort by exerting energy and thought. In physics, Work is the dot product between force and displacement vectors whose value is determined by the angle between those vectors. This conflict phenomenon is assured to produce misconceptions. This present study aims to analyse the 10th grade students’ misconception profile in Senior High School IV Sidoarjo East Java on Work and Energy concepts and to identify the sources examined using the developed four-tier multiple-choice test. A total of 30 students participated in this study. The data collection instrument contains 25 physics-concepts questions. Serious misconceptions was identified on Work, Energy Change and Mechanical Energy Conservation concepts as a result of preconceptions. Meanwhile, the similar misconceptions found on Power concept was due to incomplete reasoning.
Needs analisys pedagogy project management of technology and vocational educational with the approach of project base learning in higher education
Authors: Giatman M , Nafsiah I N , Rizal F , Leonardo A
Published: December 2019

This research aims to analyze the needs of the pendagogi on the project management courses in building engineering education State University of Padang. This needs analysis look deeply the importance of project management courses in building engineering education from the aspect of the curriculum, pedagogy and learning materials based on current conditions, standard processes and priorities in learning. This type of descriptive study with survey method. With the spread of data gathering techniques questionnaires and interviews. Sample student research educator and lecturer of building engineering. Data analysis techniques was kuantitaf and interviews. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that (1) there is a gap between the needs of the students and professors against the learning model of project management related methods, approaches, learning materials, assessment and evaluation of student learning (2) requires the development of a learning model that supports and meningkatakan knowledge, skills and attitudes.
The Use of Application Neuroscience in Facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0 the Principals of Senior high School Over the Branch of the Education Department
Authors: Asfiati
Published: December 2019

Industrial revolution produces the changes of mindset, work methods, and patterns of building harmonious relationships between community groups and organizations. The principal as the leader of the organization must be able to face the industrial revolution. Facing the industrial revolution can be done by applying neuroscience in the practice of leadership management education. The neuroscience application creates synergy and engagement with high added value. This study aims to determine the principal’s leadership in facing the industrial revolution by applying neuroscience. Research method using a two-stage approach: Qualitative and quantitative. The quantitative design uses the pre-test and post-test. The finding research is the principal applying neuroscience before knowing the theory showed a significant toward industrial revolution 4.0 where the experimental class t counted 15,649> from t table 2.037 in the control class pre-test and post-test that t count 5.131> from t table 2.040. This shows that it is important to apply neuroscience in order to realize good managerial demands according to the industrial revolution 4.0.
The Design of Blended Learning Modules for Higher Education
Authors: Cahyono A N , Zaenuri  , Subagja M
Published: December 2019

Blending the traditional values of face-to-face teaching and the best practices of online learning becomes a way to face challenges in the fourth Industrial Revolution era. This study aimed to design blended learning modules for higher education. An explorative design research was conducted engaging lecturers in 69 study programs at Universitas Negeri Semarang. Data was collected through focussed group discussion, observation, a series of pilots and a debriefing session. The results concern standards for elements, regulations and quality assurance. Descriptions of the work processes and results are also explained in this paper. Designing blended learning modules must pay attention to the course material characteristics, learning management system features, supporting facilities, the lecturer roles in preparing and facilitating the courses, students’ activities and their perception. This paper offers an alternative of design of online modules for blended learning in higher education.
The Development of Learning Material of Hybrid Learnings Based to Improve Students Learning Outcomes of Introduction to Microeconomics
Authors: Thamrin  , Aditia R
Published: December 2019

One of the implementations of information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching & learning is through hybrid learning which is a combination of face-to-face instructional methods and online learning to answer the challenges of the fourth industrial revolution. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning outcomes Introduction to microeconomics with hybrid learning. This research uses a research and development method. Data collection was carried out by conducting one to one formative evaluation and limited trials and tests after the learning process. The results of this study indicate that hybrid learning teaching materials effectively used in introductory learning in microeconomics. The t-test at α 0.05 stated that the learning outcomes of introduction to microeconomics were taught by hybrid learning is higher than the group of students who were taught by direct learning.
Immunohistochemical Expression of Lymphoid Enhancer Binding Factor 1 in CD5-Positive Marginal Zone, Lymphoplasmacytic, and Follicular Lymphomas
Authors: Patel Nisha , Durkin Lisa , Bodo Juraj , Hsi Eric D
Published: December 2019

Objectives

Lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1) is expressed in most cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and has shown utility in distinguishing CLL/SLL from other small B-cell lymphomas. LEF1 expression has not been systematically studied in CD5-positive marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs), lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas (LPLs), and follicular lymphomas (FLs). We evaluated whether these cases lacked LEF1, helping to distinguish them from CLL/SLL.

Methods

MZLs, LPLs, and FLs expressing CD5 were retrospectively studied for expression of LEF1 by immunohistochemistry.

Results

LEF1 was absent in 17 of 18 CD5-positive lymphomas including 13 MZLs (2 nodal, 3 splenic, and 8 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas), 3 LPLs, and 1 of 2 FLs. One grade 3A CD5-positive FL expressed LEF1 in a majority of tumor cells.

Conclusions

LEF1 is not expressed in most CD5-positive MZLs and LPLs; therefore, it is a reliable marker for distinguishing them from CLL/SLL. LEF1 may be expressed in CD5-positive FLs.
A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Presatovir for the Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Hematopoietic-Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Chemaly Roy F , Dadwal Sanjeet S , Bergeron Anne , Ljungman Per , Kim Yae-Jean , Cheng Guang-Shing , Pipavath Sudhakar N , Limaye Ajit P , Blanchard Elodie , Winston Drew J , Stiff Patrick J , Zuckerman Tsila , Lachance Silvy , Rahav Galia , Small Catherine B , Mullane Kathleen M , Patron Roberto L , Lee Dong-Gun , Hirsch Hans H , Waghmare Alpana , McKevitt Matt , Jordan Robert , Guo Ying , German Polina , Porter Danielle P , Gossage David L , Watkins Timothy R , Marty Francisco M , Chien Jason W , Boeckh Michael
Published: December 2019

Background

Hematopoietic-cell transplant (HCT) recipients are at risk for severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We evaluated the RSV fusion inhibitor presatovir in a randomized, double-blind, Phase II trial in HCT recipients with RSV upper respiratory tract infections.

Methods

Patients were stratified by lymphopenia (<200/µL) and ribavirin use; were randomized, stratified by lymphopenia (<200/μL) and ribavirin use, to receive oral presatovir at 200 mg or a placebo on Days 1, 5, 9, 13, and 17, and were followed through Day 28. The coprimary efficacy endpoints were the time-weighted average change in the nasal RSV viral load between Days 1 and 9 and the proportion of patients developing lower respiratory tract complications (LRTCs) through Day 28.

Results

From 23 January 2015 to 16 June 2017, 189 patients were randomly assigned to treatment (96 to presatovir and 93 to the placebo). Presatovir treatment, compared with the placebo treatment, did not significantly affect (prespecified α = 0.01) a time-weighted average decline in the RSV viral load from Day 1 to 9 (treatment difference, −0.33 log10 copies/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI] −.64 to −.02 log10 copies/mL; P = .040) or the progression to LRTC (11.2% vs 19.5%, respectively; odds ratio, 0.50; 95% CI, .22–1.18; P = .11). In a post hoc analysis among patients with lymphopenia, presatovir decreased LRTC development by Day 28 (2/15 [13.3%] vs 9/14 [64.3%], respectively; P = .008), compared with the placebo. Adverse events were similar for patients receiving presatovir and the placebo.

Conclusions

Presatovir had a favorable safety profile in adult HCT recipients with RSV but did not achieve the coprimary endpoints. Exploratory analyses suggest an antiviral effect among patients with lymphopenia.

Clinical Trials Registration

NCT02254408; EUDRA-CT#2014-002474-36.
Sudden cardiac death among persons with diabetes aged 1–49 years: a 10-year nationwide study of 14 294 deaths in Denmark
Authors: Lynge Thomas Hadberg , Svane Jesper , Pedersen-Bjergaard Ulrik , Gislason Gunnar , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Banner Jytte , Risgaard Bjarke , Winkel Bo Gregers , Tfelt-Hansen Jacob
Published: December 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare nationwide incidence rate (IR) of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in persons aged 1–49 years with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods and results

The study population consisted of all persons in Denmark aged 1–49 years in 2000–09, which equals 27.1 million person-years. All 14 294 deaths in the 10-year period were included. By using the highly descriptive Danish death certificates, 1698 cases of sudden and unexpected death were identified. Through review of autopsy reports, discharge summaries, and the Danish registries, we identified 1363 cases of SCD. The Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics was used to identify persons with type 1 DM and type 2 DM. Among the 14 294 decedents, there were 669 with DM, of which 118 suffered SCD (9% of all SCD), making SCD the leading cause of death among young persons with DM. Among those aged 1–35 years, the IR of SCD-DM was 21.9 per 100 000 person-years compared to 2.6 per 100 000 person-years among persons without DM [IR ratio 8.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.8–28.6]. Within the age range 36–49 years, the IR among persons with DM was 119.8 per 100 000 person-years compared to 19.7 per 100 000 person-years among persons without DM (IR ratio 6.1, 95% CI 4.7–7.8).

Conclusion

We found that young persons with DM aged 1–35 years had >8-fold higher SCD IR compared to young persons without DM. Our study highlights the need for early cardiovascular risk monitoring and assessment in young persons with DM.
Microarray analyses of closely related glycoforms reveal different accessibilities of glycan determinants on N-glycan branches
Authors: Li Lei , Guan Wanyi , Zhang Gaolan , Wu Zhigang , Yu Hai , Chen Xi , Wang Peng G
Published: December 2019

Glycans mediate a wide variety of biological roles via recognition by glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). Comprehensive knowledge of such interaction is thus fundamental to glycobiology. While the primary binding feature of GBPs can be easily uncovered by using a simple glycan microarray harboring limited numbers of glycan motifs, their fine specificities are harder to interpret. In this study, we prepared 98 closely related N-glycoforms that contain 5 common glycan epitopes which allowed the determination of the fine binding specificities of several plant lectins and anti-glycan antibodies. These N-glycoforms differ from each other at the monosaccharide level and were presented in an identical format to ensure comparability. With the analysis platform we used, it was found that most tested GBPs have preferences toward only one branch of the complex N-glycans, and their binding toward the epitope-presenting branch can be significantly affected by structures on the other branch. Fine specificities described here are valuable for a comprehensive understanding and applications of GBPs.
Fenofibrate rapidly decreases hepatic lipid and glycogen storage in neonatal mice with glycogen storage disease type Ia
Authors: Yavarow Zollie A , Kang Hye-Ri , Waskowicz Lauren R , Bay Boon-Huat , Young Sarah P , Yen Paul M , Koeberl Dwight D
Published: December 2019

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD Ia) is caused by autosomal mutations in glucose-6-phosphatase α catalytic subunit (G6PC) and can present with severe hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis and hypertriglyceridemia. In both children and adults with GSD Ia, there is over-accumulation of hepatic glycogen and triglycerides that can lead to steatohepatitis and a risk for hepatocellular adenoma or carcinoma. Here, we examined the effects of the commonly used peroxisomal proliferated activated receptor α agonist, fenofibrate, on liver and kidney autophagy and lipid metabolism in 5-day-old G6pc −/− mice serving as a model of neonatal GSD Ia. Five-day administration of fenofibrate decreased the elevated hepatic and renal triglyceride and hepatic glycogen levels found in control G6pc −/− mice. Fenofibrate also induced autophagy and promoted β-oxidation of fatty acids and stimulated gene expression of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases in the liver. These findings show that fenofibrate can rapidly decrease hepatic glycogen and triglyceride levels and renal triglyceride levels in neonatal G6pc −/− mice. Moreover, since fenofibrate is an FDA-approved drug that has an excellent safety profile, our findings suggest that fenofibrate could be a potential pharmacological therapy for GSD Ia in neonatal and pediatric patients as well as for adults. These findings may also apply to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which shares similar pathological and metabolic changes with GSD Ia.
Occupational exposures and odds of gastric cancer: a StoP project consortium pooled analysis
Authors: Shah Shailja C , Boffetta Paolo , Johnson Kenneth C , Hu Jinfu , Palli Domenico , Ferraroni Monica , Tsugane Shoichiro , Hamada Gerson Shigueaki , Hidaka Akihisa , Zaridze David , Maximovich Dmitry , Vioque Jesus , Navarrete-Munoz Eva M , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Mu Lina , Boccia Stefania , Pastorino Roberta , Kurtz Robert C , Rota Matteo , Bonzi Rossella , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo , Pelucchi Claudio , Hashim Dana
Published: December 2019

Background

Gastric cancer pathogenesis represents a complex interaction of host genetic determinants, microbial virulence factors and environmental exposures. Our primary aim was to determine the association between occupations/occupational exposures and odds of gastric cancer.

Methods

We conducted a pooled-analysis of individual-level data harmonized from 11 studies in the Stomach cancer Pooling Project. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of gastric cancer adjusted for relevant confounders.

Results

A total of 5279 gastric cancer cases and 12 297 controls were analysed. There were higher odds of gastric cancer among labour-related occupations, including: agricultural and animal husbandry workers [odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.68]; miners, quarrymen, well-drillers and related workers (OR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.01–2.88); blacksmiths, toolmakers and machine-tool operators (OR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05–1.89); bricklayers, carpenters and construction workers (OR 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06–1.60); and stationary engine and related equipment operators (OR 6.53, 95% CI: 1.41–30.19). The ORs for wood-dust exposure were 1.51 (95% CI: 1.01–2.26) for intestinal-type and 2.52 (95% CI: 1.46–4.33) for diffuse-type gastric cancer. Corresponding values for aromatic amine exposure were 1.83 (95% CI: 1.09–3.06) and 2.92 (95% CI: 1.36–6.26). Exposure to coal derivatives, pesticides/herbicides, chromium, radiation and magnetic fields were associated with higher odds of diffuse-type, but not intestinal-type gastric cancer.

Conclusions

Based on a large pooled analysis, we identified several occupations and related exposures that are associated with elevated odds of gastric cancer. These findings have potential implications for risk attenuation and could be used to direct investigations evaluating the impact of targeted gastric cancer prevention/early detection programmes based on occupation.