bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Варіабельність серцевого ритму при градуйованій пасивній ортопробі у чоловіків
Authors: Коваленко С. О. , Циганник Р. А.
Published: October 2024

Проведення пасивної ортопроби ускладнює роботу гемодинаміки за умов виключення впливу скорочень м’язів нижніх кінцівок для забезпечення повернення крові до серця. Важливою частиною пристосувальних зрушень при цьому можуть бути зміни часових характеристик варіабельності серцевого ритму (ВСР). Мета. З’ясувати зміни часових показників ВСР у здорових молодих чоловіків при пасивній градуальній ортопробі та у період відновлення після неї, їх залежність від вихідного рівня вегетативного тонусу та від рівня рухової активності. Вимірювання здійснювали на 76 чоловіках віком 18-25 років з дотриманням основних біоетичних положень. Після відпочинку в положенні лежачи горизонтально на ортостатичному столі упродовж 5-10 хвилин вимірювали показники варіабельності серцевого ритму. Вимірювання повторювали на 5-й хвилині після нахилу на 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° та на 20-й хвилині при нахилі 60°, через 5 хвилин після повернення у горизонтальне положення. Варіабельність серцевого ритму реєстрували за допомогою кардіодатчика Polar W.I.N.D. Link у програмі Polar Protrainer 5.0 (Polar ElectroOY, Finland). Оцінювали наступні показники часового аналізу ВСР: SDDNN, rMSSD, pNN50, cV, а також інтегральний індекс напруження (ІН). При пасивній ортопробі починаючи з рівня 30° відбувалось вірогідне зменшення SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50, пропорційне кутові нахилу, а з навантаження 45° – збільшення ІН. Максимум реактивності був досягнутий для SDNN, rMSSD, pNN50 вже на 5-й хвилині в положенні 60° та залишався сталим упродовж перебування в ньому 20 хвилин. Це може бути свідченням пригнічення парасимпатичних та посилення симпатичних впливів на ритмогенез серця. Після завершення проби і переході в вихідне горизонтальне положення спостерігали феномен зверхвідновлення для всіх часових показників варіабельності серцевого ритму. Виконання градуальної пасивної ортопроби приводило до зменшення варіабельності серцевого ритму більш вираженому у парасимпатотоніків і за рахунок в більшому ступені пригнічення тонусу парасимпатичної ланки автономної нервової системи. Регулярні фізичні навантаження в основному впливають на рівень функціонального стану осіб при пасивній градуальній ортопробіпробі, а не не особливості варіабельності серцевого ритму. Перспективи подальших досліджень вбачаються в детальному аналізі хвильової структури серцевого ритму при пасивній градуальній ортопробі.
Acyclic Diaminocarbene Platinum(IV) Complexes Synthesized by the Oxidative Addition of MeI and I2
Authors: Karchevsky A. A. , Kinzhalov M. A. , Katkova S. A.
Published: October 2024

The oxidative addition of methyl iodide or molecular iodine to the bis(С,N-chelate) deprotonated diaminocarbene platinum(II) complexes [Pt{C(N(H)Ar)(NC(N(H)Ph)N(Ph)}2] (Ar = C6H3-2,6-Me2 (Xyl), C6H2-2,4,6-Me3 (Mes), and C6H4-4-Me (pTol)) affords the corresponding platinum(IV) derivatives in a yield of 89–99%. The addition of CF3CO2H is accompanied by the protonation of the nitrogen atoms of the diaminocarbene fragment to form the cationic complexes [[PtI(X)-{C(N(H)Ar)(NC(N(H)Ph)N(Ph)}2]CF3CO2H (X = Me, I). The structures of the compounds are determined by elemental analysis; high resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI HRMS); IR spectroscopy; 1H, 13C{1H}, 19F{1H}, and 195Pt{1H} NMR spectroscopy; 2D NMR spectroscopy (1H,1Н COSY, 1H,1Н NOESY, 1H,13C HSQC, 1H,13C HMBC, 1H,15N HSQC, 1H,15N HMBC), and X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and thermogravimetric analyses. The synthesized platinum(IV) complexes are thermally stable to 200–260°C and are electroneutral molecules with the octahedral coordination sphere formed by two deprotonated diaminocarbene C,N-chelate substituents and iodine and methyl or two iodine atoms localized in the apical positions.
Germany’s Initiatives in the Sahel in the Framework of the Niger Events
Authors: Ivkina N. V
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of targeted initiatives of Germany in one of the most priority regions for European countries – the Sahara-Sahel region. The relevance of the research topic is determined by events related to anti-French and generally anti-European sentiments in such countries as Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. The events in Niger provoked the withdrawal of French forces from the country. Against this background, Germany is trying to pursue a chance to strengthen its military presence in the country by maintaining a military base, as well as through social, investment and humanitarian projects. The author analyzes the events of 2023 that occurred in Niger and compares them with the behavioral model of Germany, explaining the causal relationships between the actions and interests of the country in the region. An analysis of the statements of German officials regarding the situation in the region makes it possible to determine what tasks Germany faces as a separate state and as one of the driving forces of the European Union. Conclusions are drawn regarding Germany’s current priorities, its competitive opportunities in the field of security, investments and humanitarian projects, as well as possible scenarios for the development of the situation in the region, taking into account German activity.
RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE SMART GREENHOUSE MENGGUNAKAN THINGSPEAK
Authors: Raihan Nurfarisi  , Alfian Andi , Tri Ferga Prasetyo
Published: October 2024

The design of this smart greenhouse prototype is one of the implementations of artificial intelligence controlled by the Arduino uno microcontroller, which has actuators in the form of lights and pumps and is equipped with DHT22 sensors, Soil Moisture and Temperature Sensors. The method used in making this smart greenhouse prototype is the Prototype method. There are seven stages in the prototype method that guide the process of making robots, namely gathering requirements, building prototypes/prototypes, evaluating prototypes, programming systems, testing systems, evaluating systems, and using the system. The most important stage in making this smart greenhouse prototype is the stage where at this stage testing is carried out on the results of the design and programming of the robot that has been made to prove the robot prototype is in accordance with what is desired or not. The testing process is carried out in tandem with the assembly process and programming process. In the process of assembling and programming the robot prototype, it is done with system errors. Testing with system errors is carried out to get a robot prototype that works optimally.
PEMBUATAN BRACKET FINISH PANEL MOUNTING D74 MENGGUNAKAN MESIN PRESS STAMPING PUX 100
Authors: Prasetya Divara , Jannati Eidelweis Dewi
Published: October 2024

This practical work report describes the process of making part bracket finish panel mounting type d74 using PUX 100 stamping press machine and the operating procedures of stamping press machine at PT Persada Selaras Indoensia. The aim is to know directly during the process of making part bracket finish panel mounting type d74, and to know how to operate the stamping press machine. The manufacturing process of bracket finish panel mounting type d74 consists of several stages starting from material checking using SPC440, product design checking, Stamping Press process with four stages of production process (blanking, forming, bending, & Pierching). In addition, this report discusses how to operate the stamping press starting from the machine inspection stage to the stamping press machine setting. Through this practical work report, it is hoped that readers can gain insight into the process of making bracket finish panel mounting type d74 parts and the company's contribution in maintaining product quality.
 
Keywords : Stamping Press, SPC440, Production Process
PROSES PEMBUATAN BRACKETBRAKE PEDAL STOPPER TYPE SU2ID MENGGUNAKAN MESIN STAMPING PRESS
Authors: Faqih Reynanda Maulana Yusuf , Koswara Engkos
Published: October 2024

AbstractPersada Selaras Indonesia is a company operating in the field of stamping and die sheet metal in Majalengka Regency. One of the products produced at PT. Persada Selaras Indonesia is part of the Brake Pedal Stopper Bracket. In the process of making Brake Pedal Stopper Bracket Parts using SAPH-440 material using a Press Stamping Machine with a capacity of 110 Tons through the Dies selection process for the Blanking, Bending (1 + 2), and Pierching processes. Researchers used the observation method to determine the process of the Brake Pedal Stopper Bracket Part. The Brake Pedal Stopper Bracket Part is one of the components contained in the brake pedal of the Hyundai Creta vehicle which is produced at PT. Persada Aligned Indonesia. The process of making Brake Pedal Stopper Bracket Parts is divided into several parts, namely the Planing process, Shearing, Blanking Process, Bending Process (1 + 2), Pierching Process, and Quality Control Process.
Keywords :  SAPH-440, Press Stamping Process, Part Bracket Brake Pedal Stopper
The prognostic impact of the pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) on the efficacy of treatment and clinical outcomes in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC)
Authors: Aydın Asım Armağan , Acun Mehmet
Published: October 2024

Aims: This study aimed to assess the prognostic and predictive implications of pre-treatment pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) on treatment efficacy and clinical outcomes in patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), comparing it with established indices such as the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR).
Methods: A retrospective cohort study included 70 patients diagnosed with ES-SCLC treated with standard chemotherapy with or without immune checkpoint inhibitors. PIV was calculated as PIV=(neutrophils×platelets×monocytes)÷lymphocytes. Patients were categorized into low PIV (
Diagnosing retinal disorders with artificial intelligence: the role of large language models in interpreting pattern electroretinography data
Authors: Aykut Aslan , Akgün Büşra , Sezenöz Almila Sarıgül , Sevik Mehmet Orkun , Şahin Özlem
Published: October 2024

Aims: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Claude-3, a large language model, in detecting pathological features and diagnosing retinitis pigmentosa and cone-rod dystrophy using pattern electroretinography data.
Methods: A subset of pattern electroretinography measurements from healthy individuals, patients with retinitis pigmentosa and cone-rod dystrophy was randomly selected from the PERG-IOBA dataset. The pattern electroretinography and clinical data, including age, gender, visual acuities, were provided to Claude-3 for analysis and diagnostic predictions. The model’s accuracy was assessed in two scenarios: “first choice,” evaluating the accuracy of the primary differential diagnosis and “top 3,” evaluating whether the correct diagnosis was included within the top three differential diagnoses.
Results: A total of 46 subjects were included in the study: 20 healthy individuals, 13 patients with retinitis pigmentosa, 13 patients with cone-rod dystrophy. Claude-3 achieved 100% accuracy in detecting the presence or absence of pathology. In the “first choice” scenario, the model demonstrated moderate accuracy in diagnosing retinitis pigmentosa (61.5%) and cone-rod dystrophy (53.8%). However, in the “top 3” scenario, the model’s performance significantly improved, with accuracies of 92.3% for retinitis pigmentosa and 76.9% for cone-rod dystrophy.
Conclusion: This is the first study to demonstrate the potential of large language models, specifically Claude-3, in analyzing pattern electroretinography data to diagnose retinal disorders. Despite some limitations, the model’s high accuracy in detecting pathologies and distinguishing between specific diseases highlights the potential of large language models in ocular electrophysiology. Future research should focus on integrating multimodal data, and conducting comparative analyses with human experts.
Can a cementless partial hip prosthesis be preferred in patients with hip fractures when the Spotorno criterion is greater than 5?
Authors: Demir Tuğcan , Karaca Halil , Tekşan Emre , Kurt Emre
Published: October 2024

Aims: Partial hip arthroplasty is preferred in elderly patients with low activity levels, numerous comorbidities, and limited mobility for hip fractures. To decide whether to use cement in femoral stem implantation, scoring systems such as Spotorno, Dorr, and Canale Flare Indices are used. Generally, cemented application is frequently for patients with over 5 points according to Spotorno criteria. In this study, our aim is to present the outcomes of patients who had a score of 5 or more according to the Spotorno criteria and required cemented prostheses but instead received cementless partial hip prostheses.
Methods: Patients who underwent partial hip arthroplasty due to post-traumatic femoral neck fractures in our hospital’s orthopedics and traumatology clinic between 2017 and 2021 were retrospectively evaluated. To calculate the total score according to the Spotorno criteria, which evaluate age, sex, singh index and morphological cortical index, the radiographs of the patients included in the study were assessed, and the Singh index and morphological cortical index (MCI) were calculated.Periprosthetic fractures, prosthesis dislocations, heterotopic ossification, femoral loosening and mortality had been recorded. A total of 192 patients over the age of 70 with ASA III and ASA IV who underwent cementless partial hip arthroplasty were included in the study. Among these patients, 126 were female (% 5.7) and 66 were male (%34.3). Mean follow up was 5.8 years (0-7 years).
Results: According to the Spotorno criteria, the total score for all patients was greater than 6. Periprosthetic fractures were detected in % 3.1. Heterotopic ossification was observed in %9.3. In the postoperative 1st month, mortality was observed in %5.
Conclusion: Cementless hip arthroplasty in elderly patients with a Spotorno score of 5 or higher can be as effective and applicable as cemented hip arthroplasty. Although the literature generally recommends cemented hip prostheses for such patients, cementless partial hip arthroplasty can be a viable option if standard latest-generation cementing systems are not available.
Etiological and epidemiological analysis of patella fractures: evaluation of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown era effects
Authors: Ziroğlu Nezih , Koluman Alican , Kantarcı Miraçhan , Duramaz Altuğ , Kural Cemal
Published: October 2024

Background: Patella fractures are relatively rare, but significant public health burden with consequences ranging from skin problems to extensor mechanism deficiencies and patellofemoral arthrosis due to their significant effects on pain, functionality, and quality of life. It was aimed to present basic etiological, and epidemiological information about patella fractures and to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and lockdown era period.
Methods: All patellar fractures admitted to a stage-1 trauma center between 2016 and 2022 were collected retrospectively. Patient's gender, age, side, fracture classification, trauma mechanism, treatment method, admission day and season, accompanying extremity, and non-musculoskeletal/visceral pathologies were recorded and analyzed.
Results: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on 304 patients, with 181 (59.5%) males and 123 (40.5%) females, with an average age of 46±19 years. Most patients were between 30-65 (51.4%) and the most common cause was simple falls (74%). Fractures mostly occurred in the winter (35.2%) and on Sundays (19.7%). 9.9% of the patients were accompanied by extremity traumas and 6.9% by non-musculoskeletal injuries. Regarding the descriptive classification, transverse, distal pole, and proximal pole; and according to the AO/OTA classification, C1 was the most common.
Conclusion: The incidence of patella fractures is increasing. Non-surgical treatment is a priority, and the complication rates of surgical treatment are considerable. The study, which presents etiological and epidemiological data of level-1 trauma center patients, is a suitable sample for Türkiye. The study is unique in showing the potential effects of COVID-19 on the patient profile and treatment management of patella fractures.
Informe especial de estabilidad financiera: análisis de la cartera y del mercado inmobiliario en Colombia - Primer semestre de 2024
Authors:   Departamento de Estabilidad Financiera
Published: October 2024

En este Informe especial se analiza la dinámica del mercado inmobiliario en Colombia y del crédito hipotecario en lo corrido de 2024, con el propósito de identificar fuentes potenciales de vulnerabilidad que puedan afectar la estabilidad económica y financiera. En particular, se estudia el comportamiento de variables asociadas con el sector, su financiación, los niveles de oferta y de demanda, el precio de los inmuebles, entre otros. En un contexto de mejor desempeño de la actividad económica desde finales de 2023 y una caída de la inflación que ha soportado un escenario de menores tasas de interés, el PIB del sector constructor continúa cayendo por cuenta de la contracción del sector residencial y no residencial. Por otro lado, el portafolio de créditos de vivienda también se contrae, con excepción de los créditos indexados a la inflación. En cuanto a la oferta de vivienda nueva, se ha visto una desaceleración en las unidades disponibles, en particular en el segmento VIS, y el ritmo de licencias aprobadas para construcción de vivienda está estable, por lo que se espera que esta dinámica de la oferta continúe. Por el lado de la demanda, luego de altos niveles de contracción registrados en los últimos dos años, se observa un cambio de tendencia que podría materializarse en un crecimiento positivo de las ventas de unidades nuevas en los próximos meses. Finalmente, los distintos índices de precios sugieren una tendencia hacia sus valores de largo plazo: mientras que los índices de precios de vivienda nueva y usada decrecen cada vez menos, los arriendos parecen iniciar una fase de descenso luego de alcanzar ritmos de expansión históricos a finales de 2023. A nivel internacional, el comportamiento en los precios de vivienda nueva se enmarca en la tendencia registrada por los países de la OCDE. El análisis de riesgos expone que la calidad de cartera para la adquisición de vivienda presenta una tendencia de deterioro en los últimos dos años, y hacia adelante podrían presentarse deterioros adicionales en particular en el segmento de la cartera indexada a la inflación. Por otro lado, un análisis del sector constructor residencial encontró que las empresas con baja y mediana participación en el mercado que tienen dificultades para vender sus proyectos son aquellas que han aumentado en mayor medida su mora en los últimos dos años. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia que tiene el sector inmobiliario en la cartera de los EC y la importancia que tienen las viviendas dentro de la riqueza de los hogares, estas vulnerabilidades continuarán bajo monitoreo en el marco del seguimiento a la estabilidad financiera local.
Pembuatan Prototype Pendeteksi Suhu dan Disinfektan Otomatis Pada Laboratorium
Authors: Sotyohadi Sotyohadi , Suryani F Irmalia , Irrine Budi Sulistiawati  , Aldya Yoppy
Published: October 2024

When the pandemic occurred in 2019, disinfectant sprayers were needed for prevention, measuring body temperature at the entrance. The pandemic has been end, we still have to do this to prevent and be disciplined in healthy living. The research here will create a prototype of an automatic temperature detection and disinfectant device at the laboratory door. The laboratory location was chosen because mobility in the laboratory was conducive, if a trial was carried out it would not disturb the activity on laboratory. This spraying tool designed includes an HC-SR04 sensor for detecting the height of disinfectant liquid, a TCRT 5000 sensor for detecting a person's forehead which will take temperature measurements to the MLX90614 sensor. The buzzer sounds when the MLX90614 sensor detects a temperature above 370C. Spraying disinfectant liquid uses 2 0.2mm spayer nozzles, and a proximity sensor when detecting people passing by the spray booth.
Trainer Instalasi Audio Three Way Pada Sound System Untuk Media Pembelajaran Sistem Audio
Authors: Ulum Miftachul , Hasanah Faidatul , Neipa Purnamasari Dian , Kuriawan S Adi , Tri Laksono Deni , Hardiwansyah Muttaqin
Published: October 2024

In the world of education, practical activities are very important. This activity requires students to carry out observations, experiments and testing after obtaining the theories that have been taught. This addie method is used to determine the suitability of trainers with the help of a questionnaire. The research is in the form of an audio trainer system consisting of a tone control as a tone controller, with an OCL amplifier for the final connection, as well as a preamp for the initial connection, a mixer, and an output in the form of a speaker as well as troubleshooting for error simulation. Exercise book module to make it easier to use the Audio System Trainer. This test produced several data, namely the gain voltage on the preamp was 16.8 times at a frequency of 1 KHz, the audio mixer was 15.7 times at a frequency of 1 KHz and the OCL amplifier was 18.6 times at a frequency of 1 KHz. Audio System Trainer has a learning media appropriateness level of 92% according to experts and 88% according to students. This shows that this trainer can be applied in Audio Systems learning.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Examples Non Examples dengan Media Geogebra terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Siswa
Authors: Demanda Kelvin , Romadiastri Yulia , Oktaviani Dinni Rahma
Published: October 2024

This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of students' conceptual understanding abilities at SMPN 16 Semarang in spatial construction material by utilizing the example non-example learning model with GeoGebra media. This research uses an experimental design with a posttest-only control group and is a form of quantitative research.  Class VIIIH was used as the experimental class, and class VIIIG was used as the control class. Samples were obtained using a cluster random sampling approach. Tests and documentation are used in research data collection procedures. The results showed that the average post-test score for experimental class students was  while the average post-test score for control class students was  From the t-test calculations, the values obtained are  and  with a sig value. 0.05. Students in the experimental class showed a better level of understanding of mathematical concepts than students in the control group; this can be seen from the findings, which show that tcount > ttable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Example Non-example model, which utilizes geogebra media increases students' conceptual understanding of spatial construction material.
Etnomatematika: Eksplorasi Amak Lampisan Mandailing dalam Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Hasibuan Adil Halomoan , Suparni Suparni
Published: October 2024

The decline in cultural understanding among society is something that must be taken seriously and requires ongoing study, because culture is one of the distinctive characteristics of a nation. Linking the surrounding culture with learning is one step to preserve and maintain this culture for future generations. Amak lampisan Mandailing is a typical woven mat from the Mandailing Tribe which has elements of mathematical concepts in it. The ethnomathematics studied are mathematical concepts related to learning material at SMP/MTs and equivalent schools. This research uses exploratory research with an ethnographic approach to study the relationship between culture and learning materials. explore the shapes and patterns of amaklampisan. The aim of this research is to bring out cultural wisdom in mathematics learning so that it can motivate and influence students' learning achievement. This type of research is exploratory qualitative research about Amak Lampisan Mandailing. Based on the results of this research, Mandailing lampisan amak is related to material in mathematics such as rectangles, congruence and similarity, arithmetic sequences and series, social arithmetic.
Research of braking dynamics of a road train
Authors:   Western Ukrainian National University, Prohnii Pavlo , Chornyi Ruslan ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Chorna Olha ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Buriak Mykola ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Kolodii Viktor ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Velychenko Ihor ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Petryshyn Yurii ,   Western Ukrainian National University
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes the ways to improve the operational properties of road trains, by taking into account changes in the technical condition of various systems under their operating conditions. It has been established that a significant proportion of failures that occur in tractors and trailer links of road trains in operating conditions fall on the braking and running systems, and among the main malfunctions of the braking system, violations of the optimal indicators of regulation and distribution of braking forces along the axles and sides of the road train are most often singled out. The appearance of such failures can significantly affect the stability of road trains and the safety of their use. That is why, during the service inspection of the trailer links of road trains, it is necessary to ensure compliance with the optimal indicators of the distribution of braking forces on the axles and wheels of the vehicle. A method of adjusting the braking forces on the wheels of the towing link is proposed to eliminate the on-board unevenness when it is detected in the process of servicing the braking system of the vehicle. The relationship between the magnitude of the braking moment on the wheel and the arm of applying force from the brake chamber for drum brake mechanisms with a pneumatic drive is given. The method of regulating the braking forces applied to the wheel by changing the gear ratio of the brake mechanism by changing the arm of applying the braking force from the brake chamber to the cam rotation lever is justified. This approach allows you to minimize the unevenness of the braking forces along the sides of the trailer link, which can occur as a result of deviations in the operation of the braking mechanisms, which occurs under the influence of operating conditions, for example, due to uneven wear of the brake linings on individual wheels or the appearance of deviations in the adjustment of the drive of the braking mechanisms.
Improvement of transmissions of city passenger buses LAZ-5208 LN
Authors:   Western Ukrainian National University, Zakharchuk Olena , Denis Anastasia ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Shevchuk Oksana ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Falovych Natalіia ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Zakharchuk Vasyl ,   Western Ukrainian National University
Published: October 2024

Urban passenger transport plays an important role in the functioning of cities and ensuring the livelihood of the population. Changing the gear ratio of the transmission can affect the characteristics of city passenger buses in various aspects. Changing the gear ratio of the transmission can affect the performance of urban passenger buses in various ways. If the transmission has a shorter gear ratio, it can allow the bus to accelerate faster at low speeds, which is useful in urban traffic with many stops. Therefore, the choice of transmission ratio usually depends on the type of vehicle, driving conditions and fuel efficiency and dynamic performance requirements. Transmissions of city passenger buses may have some specific features, taking into account their purpose and operating conditions. City bus transmissions can be set up for frequent acceleration and braking, which is characteristic of driving in city traffic with many stops. Given that city buses often travel at low speeds in densely populated urban areas, transmissions can be optimized for low speed efficiency. Some city buses can be equipped with automatic transmissions to facilitate the driving process and increase the comfort of passengers. Taking into account the specific works of urban transport, the purpose and tasks of the study were defined as the development and justification of technical improvements of LAZ bus units and units. The article proposes to carry out the reconstruction of the gearbox in order to optimize the gear ratio of the transmission for the special operating conditions of city transport, namely, movement in the start-stop mode. The dynamic properties and acceleration parameters of the vehicle were calculated before and after the reconstruction of the gearbox. It was established that the bus with the modernized transmission has better dynamic characteristics, namely acceleration speed.
Formation of the microclimate in the cabins of motor vehicles by heaters of various designs
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Aulin Viktor , Mahopets Mykhailo ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the rational technology of microclimate formation in the cabins of motor vehicles operated in the climatic zone of Ukraine, at low temperature indicators of the environment based on the use of heaters of various designs. The impact of high and low temperatures in the car interior on the condition of the driver and passengers was determined. It was determined that the optimal temperature values are +16...+26 °C and must be provided by a ventilation, heating and air conditioning system. Failure of these systems should preclude further operation of the vehicle. For heating, the thermal energy of the engine is used through the heated coolant passing through the heat exchanger. This design is simple and reliable, but the time it takes to warm up the interior depends on the ambient temperature and engine warm-up, especially in winter. The efficiency of autonomous heaters of various types (fuel-liquid, fuel-air, electric-air, electric-liquid built-in and electric-liquid wired) and their impact on the level of environmental pollution were evaluated. All types of autonomous heaters effectively perform their function of heating the coolant or air in the car interior. It is shown that compared to remote engine start systems, pre-start heaters are more appropriate for providing the necessary microclimate in winter. The use of fuel preheaters reduces the overall percentage of toxic emissions, especially in older vehicles. In addition to increasing comfort and reducing emissions, pre-heating the engine reduces its wear and tear and fuel consumption. The expediency of using autonomous heaters for motor vehicles is substantiated. For cars with internal combustion engines, this allows for a comfortable microclimate, and for electric cars - to increase the range by 25-50% in severe frosts. From a financial point of view, heaters are more economical compared to a standard heating system, although the initial cost of the devices is significant.
Analysis of problems and mathematical methods for their solution in transport logistics
Authors:   Western Ukrainian National University, Berezka Kateryna , Shevchuk Oksana ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Falovych Natalia ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Bubnyak Yuriy ,   Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University
Published: October 2024

The article examines the importance of transportation for a country's economic development in a globalized world. Transportation is the foundation of supply chains, ensuring the efficient movement of goods, materials, and people, which contributes to global trade, economic growth, cultural exchange, and social integration. The efficiency of transportation technologies is a key factor in successful logistics, where mathematical methods play an important role. The aim of the article is to analyze contemporary issues in transportation logistics and the application of mathematical methods to solve them. The paper addresses issues such as route optimization, supply chain modeling, demand forecasting, the implementation of innovations in transportation technologies, efficient warehousing, and inventory management. Route optimization is critically important for reducing transportation costs and increasing transportation efficiency, which directly impacts economic indicators. Supply chain modeling helps to understand and improve the interaction between different participants in the logistics process, contributing to the creation of more resilient and adaptive supply systems. Demand forecasting is necessary for resource planning and avoiding shortages or surpluses of goods. The implementation of innovations in transportation technologies, such as automation and the use of drones, opens new opportunities for enhancing the efficiency of logistics processes. The application of linear and dynamic programming methods allows for finding optimal solutions under complex conditions of uncertainty. Simulation modeling helps study various scenarios and their impact on logistics processes. Heuristic methods and genetic algorithms are powerful tools for finding approximate solutions in cases where exact methods are inefficient. Machine learning methods enable the processing of large volumes of data and making predictions based on historical data, significantly improving the accuracy of managerial decisions. The article's conclusions emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to solving transportation logistics problems, which includes the integration of the latest mathematical methods and innovative technologies to achieve high efficiency and competitiveness in the modern conditions of globalization.
Formation of a logistic information system for effective management of transport and production enterprises
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Aulin Victor , Lyashuk Oleg ,   Ivan Pulyuy Ternopil National Technical University, Hrynkiv Andrii ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Tsyon Oleg ,   Ivan Pulyuy Ternopil National Technical University, Hud Victor ,   Ivan Pulyuy Ternopil National Technical University, Holovatyy Artem ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Tyshchenko Serhii ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Serhiychuk Andrii ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2024

The article examines the formation of information and the construction of a logistic information system for effective management of transport and production enterprises on this basis. It was found that the functioning of the logistics management system of the enterprise requires high-quality information support, since the management process is a sequence of decision-making acts. The experience of leading foreign enterprises, firms, companies, in terms of design and stages of development, as well as the methodology of implementing model logistics systems on them, is taken into account. The movement of material information flows in the logistics management system at the transport and production enterprise is considered. Seven management functions are identified and their content, types of systems and software products are clarified. Negative and positive points in the activities of enterprises were identified. The adequacy of the formation of information flows at the transport and production enterprise has been clarified. A typical decomposition of the structure of the logistics information system was considered and the building principles (effects) were formed and the main indicators were determined. An organizational structure was built with subsystems: management of order procedures; scientific research and connections; support of logistics solutions; generation of output forms and measures on the dedicated system of operations; the functional structure of the logistics information system is built. The issue of the role and purpose of information in the hierarchy of logistics operations has been clarified. Proposed principles of logistics information organization. The proposed improved structure of the logistics information system at the enterprise and flow chart.
Analysis of single-layer movement of grain material in a vertical pneumatic separation channel
Authors:   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Nesterenko Oleksandr , Vasylkovskyi Oleksii ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Kisilov Ruslan ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Salo Vasyl ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University
Published: October 2024

The separation of grain and light impurities in a vertical pneumatic separation channel with an increase in its capacity occurs under rather difficult conditions, since the thickness of the grain flow increases, which leads to a redistribution of particles of grain material and reduces the probability of passing light impurities through the grain layers and their release into the sedimentation chamber. To increase the productivity of vertical pneumatic separation channels, it is necessary to create conditions for single-layer placement of grain material in the separation zone at a distance that excludes the interaction of other layers of grain input. This will allow the majority of grain particles to be in the same conditions and increase the percentage of probability of separation into the sedimentation chamber to the maximum value. Therefore, a theoretical flow analysis aimed at studying the interaction of grain mixture particles with the air flow, taking into account the single-layer arrangement of several grain layers and the contamination of the air flow with light impurities in the separation zone, is a rather important task. Theoretical dependences have been obtained that allow substantiating the main parameters of the pneumatic separation channel and determine the residence time of a grain particle in the separation zone, taking into account the clogging of the air flow. For a grain material of mass characterized by the values of the windage coefficient kз = 0.075...0.12 for full grain, kз = 0.11...0.14 for substandard grain, and kз = 0.125...0.55 for light impurities, it is possible to clearly separate the grain mixture into fractions by setting the appropriate parameters and operating modes of the pneumatic separation channel under the condition of a single-layer multilevel input. Due to the selection of rational parameters of the feeding devices for delivering the material into the separation zone and establishment of appropriate aerodynamic modes of air flow, it is possible to separate up to 96% of light impurities from the grain material, while ensuring minimal losses of full grain to waste.
Study of the influence of a variable electromagnetic field on the tribological properties of motor oils
Authors:   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Gypka Andrii , Aulin Victor ,   Central Ukrainian National Technical University, Hud Victor ,   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Tkachenko Igor ,   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Slobodyan Lubomir ,   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Mironov Dmitro ,   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University
Published: October 2024

A set of studies was conducted on the influence of mechanical, thermal and electromagnetic factors under the action of the variable electromagnetic field of the oil pumping device on the properties of M-6В3 motor oils; M-10Г; M-10Г2. The research was carried out on a special stand, which allows to simulate the operating conditions of the oil injection device on the car engine during the start-up period. The evaluation of the efficiency of the oil pumping device was determined by the volume and effective coefficients of the useful action. In the process of research, oils (fresh and used) that were exposed to an alternating electromagnetic field and oils that were not exposed to the corresponding influence were compared according to the main physicochemical properties: kinematic viscosity at temperatures of 373, 323, 293, 273 and 258 K; solidification temperature of oil, K; viscosity index; ash content, %; the content of refractory mechanical impurities, %; iron content, %. The results were obtained on the effect of an alternating electromagnetic field on the viscosity-temperature parameters of fresh M-6В3 oils; M-10Г; M-10Г2. In the temperature range of 293...323 K, a decrease in the viscosity of the studied oils was observed. An increase in temperature eliminates the difference between processed and unprocessed oils. The effect of the duration of the alternating electromagnetic field on the viscosity index of the studied oils at a temperature of 258 K was studied. The optimal duration of olive processing was determined, which is 9...12 minutes, depending on its organic basis and the presence of additives in it. The characteristics of changes in the viscosity-temperature characteristics of the studied oils after certain periods of time after the action of a variable electromagnetic field on them were analyzed. It has been confirmed that these characteristics of processed oils are approaching the similar characteristics of untreated oils over time, except for M-6В3 oil, which stably retains the acquired properties even after a long time of its processing. With the use of a special installation that simulates the work of tribo-coupling "cam-pusher", the influence of an alternating electromagnetic field on the anti-wear and anti-seize properties of the studied oils was investigated. A 1.2-1.5 times reduction in the amount of wear of both the working surfaces of the pushers and the cams was noted, in the absence of varnish deposits on them.
Изучение кинетики структурной деградации приповерхностного слоя ZrO2 керамик, подверженных низкоэнергетическому облучению ионами Не2+
Authors: Kozlovskiy Artem
Published: October 2024

В работе рассмотрены эффекты накопления радиационных повреждений в приповерхностном слое ZrO2 керамик, возникающих при высокодозном облучении низкоэнергетическими ионами Не2+, а также определение влияния температуры облучения на толщину поврежденного слоя в керамиках, изменение которой обусловлено эффектами диффузии ионов вглубь материала. Для определения эффектов радиационных повреждений, а также определения кинетики изменений в зависимости от вариации внешних факторов был использован метод рамановской пьезоспектроскопии боковых сколов керамик, что позволило получить данные изменений величин остаточных напряжений и FWHM вдоль траектории движения ионов в материале, а также на глубине превышающей глубину проникновения ионов в материал. Согласно проведенным исследованиям было установлено, что основной тип деформационных искажений, возникающих в результате облучения и, как следствие, накопления структурных изменений, вызванных облучением, связан с формированием в структуре остаточных механических напряжений растягивающего типа. При этом изменение условий облучения, в частности, увеличения температуры облучения приводит к возрастанию величин остаточных механических напряжений в структуре поврежденного слоя, а также наблюдается увеличение толщины поврежденного слоя, изменение которой обусловлено эффектами диффузии ионов вглубь материала мишени. Анализ изменений величины FWHM свидетельствует о том, что при малых флюенсах облучения (ниже 1017 ион/см2), основные изменения структурных особенностей поврежденного слоя обусловлены эффектами накопления структурных искажений в результате деформационных напряжений, в то время как при высокодозном облучении вклад в деструктивное разупорядочение поврежденного слоя оказывает формирование аморфноподобных включений, наличие которых связано с агломерацией гелия, а также формирования газонаполненных включений в поврежденном слое.
Law and Order Aspects of the Impact of an Explosion on the Human Body
Authors: Szalkai László
Published: October 2024

In my study, I summarise the adverse effects that can occur during the execution of a blasting task and that can affect the person carrying out the blasting and those in the immediate vicinity of the blasting. I summarise the hazards that may occur during the preparation of a blasting task in the area of operation and the safety cornerstones required during its execution to ensure the health of the blaster and his/her unit. I will present the demolition activities of personnel performing special tasks in the law enforcement area and the challenges of their execution, focusing on the area of the greatest risks.
A létfontosságú rendszerek azonosításáról, kijelöléséről és védelméről szóló hatályos magyar jogi dokumentumok
Authors: Bakos Tamás
Published: October 2024

A magyarországi létfontosságú rendszerek és létesítmények azonosításával, kijelölésével és védelmével kapcsolatos nemzeti jogi szabályozás nemzetközi viszonylatban is magas színvonalú, a legfelső törvény szinttől az ágazati kormányrendeletek útján az egyes ágazatok végrehajtási utasításait is tartalmazó részletes rendszert képez, amely rendszert az elmúlt években is felülvizsgálták és kiegészítették. Célom egy összefoglaló készítése ezen jogszabályokról, kiemelve az elmúlt éveben végrehajtott jelentős módosításokat.
Hagyományos lőszerek élettartam-menedzsmentje az ENSZ elvei szerint
Authors: Éles Péter , Terék Tamás
Published: October 2024

A szerzők 2023. november végén részt vettek egy – a RACVIAC által szervezett – nemzetközi szemináriumon, amelynek témája a hagyományos lőszerek élettartam-menedzsmentje volt, több balkáni ország, valamint Németország, az USA és Magyarország részvételével. A rendezvény során az ENSZ egyes szervezeteinek képviselői mutatták be saját szakterületüket, ismertetve kutatásaik jelenlegi állását és legfrisseb témakörhöz kapcsolódó tapasztalataikat. Az előadásokhoz kapcsolódóan többnemzeti összetételű csoportokban folyt feldolgozó munka, amelyben minden ország képviselője megoszthatta saját tapasztalatait a csoporttagokkal, majd előadások keretében a szeminárium résztvevőivel. Ez a publikáció egy rövid összefoglalóval szolgál az eseményről és röviden ismerteti az ENSZ lőszerekkel kapcsolatos szabályzó környezetét.
Európai lőszerellátás és tárolási kapacitások a háború kapcsán
Authors: Balogh Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2024

Az Ukrajnában folyó háború nemcsak kihívások elé állította, hanem egyben összefogásra is késztette az országokat. A támogatások egy része hadi eszközök formájában érkezik, illetve a hadianyagok, készletek felhalmozását célozza meg. Nyilvánvaló, hogy a hadianyagkészletek, illetve a különböző típusú lőszerek folyamatos rendelkezésre állása szükséges, de nem elégséges feltétele a védelemnek. Az elmúlt időszak magyarországi fejlesztései mellett a nemzetközi/európai szervezetek lőszerutánpótlási, illetve -tárolási akcióterveit, tevékenységeit (jogszabályi, financiális és gyártási háttér megteremtése) mutatom be publikációmban.
Improvizált robbanóeszközök az IRA és az Iszlám Állam módszerei, eljárásai és felhasznált eszközei között
Authors: Kovács Márk
Published: October 2024

Az improvizált robbanószerkezetek nem új keletű eszközök a háborúkban és a regionális konfliktusokban. Használatukat ösztönzi, hogy olcsók, egyszerűen előállíthatók és rugalmasan telepíthetők. Az aszimmetrikus hadviselés és a nem állami szereplők körében Európában feltételezhetően elsőként az Ír Köztársasági Hadsereghez volt köthető IED-eszközök széles körű alkalmazása.