bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Skype to research literacy practices: providing opportunities for participants with mental health conditions to share their experiences
Authors: Peach Emily
Published: May 2021

Research exploring the literacy practices of diverse participants is integral to developing our understanding of literacy. Diverse groups of participants, for example participants with mental health conditions, bring specific ethical considerations and methodological challenges. This paper presents the use of Skype to research literacy practices through qualitative interviews as a solution to such methodological challenges, focussing this discussion on a research project into the mental health literacy practices of students. The ethical concerns of working with participants with mental health conditions are discussed, particularly issues with confidentiality and safety which mean that interviews in both public and private locations could be inappropriate. This paper argues that using Skype allows both participants and researcher to be in private but separate locations, reducing barriers to participation for participants with mental health conditions and minimising the intrusion and anxiety of qualitative interviews. Vignettes from research into the literacy practices of students with mental health conditions are presented to show that using video calling to research literacy practices allows researchers to learn more about participants' literacy practices and the role these practices play in their lives, whilst maintaining comfort and ease for participants.
Small‐scale macrobenthic community structure along asymmetrical sand waves in an underwater seascape
Authors: Cheng Chiu H. , Borsje Bas W. , Beauchard Olivier , O'Flynn Sarah , Ysebaert Tom , Soetaert Karline
Published: May 2021

Sand waves are dynamic and regular bedforms that are ubiquitous in sandy shelf seas. However, information about the ecological characteristics (e.g., benthic community structure) and their spatial variability within these habitats is very limited. To address this knowledge gap, we undertook a field campaign in summer 2017 to investigate the macrofaunal community composition of a sand wave area off Texel (Dutch part of the North Sea). Sand waves in this area were asymmetrical, with longer gentle slopes that were approximately double in length to the shorter steep slopes. The benthic distribution along the different parts of these sand waves was assessed by collecting a large number of box cores within a transect line (~1 km). We show considerable variability in the individual, biomass and taxon densities, which were all significantly higher on the steeper slopes of the sand waves. These results are consistent with the trends observed in both the abiotic parameters and video analysis that were measured in two recent studies at the same study area. Our results provide valuable insight into the small‐scale patterns of variability in asymmetrical dynamic bedform environments, where gentle slopes seem to be primarily controlled by physical forces, while steep slopes are more under biotic control.
A super‐refractory inclusion containing nonstoichiometric spinel from the CO3.0 chondrite Yamato 81020
Authors: Yurimoto Hisayoshi , Rubin Alan E. , Itoh Shoichi , Wasson John T.
Published: May 2021

We studied a unique super‐refractory inclusion with a core‐mantle structure from CO3.0 Yamato 81020 by secondary ion mass spectrometry, electron microprobe, and scanning electron microscope techniques. The core consists largely of hibonite and nonstoichiometric Al‐rich spinel indicating formation as a liquid at an exceptionally high temperature (>1900 °C). The mantle consists almost entirely of melilite with gehlenitic compositions (ranging from Åk2 to Åk25). The oxygen‐ and magnesium‐isotopic compositions of the core and mantle are very different; typically, Δ17O (≡δ17O − 0.52 δ18O) ~–26‰ and ƒMg (mass fractionation of Mg isotopes) ~10‰/amu in the core and Δ17O ~–7‰ and ƒMg ~1‰/amu in most of the mantle. The chemical and O, Mg‐isotopic data indicate that the core and mantle formed in separate events, and that the melilite now in the core was formed during the mantle‐melting event, probably filling preexisting voids and surficial cavities. Analyses of core and mantle phases plot along a single 26Al‐26Mg isochron with initial (26Al/27Al)0 corresponding to 4.8 ± 1.0 (±2σ) × 10–5, suggesting a similar formation age to normal CAIs in chondrites.
Morphological simplification of asphaltic mixture components for micromechanical simulation using finite element method
Authors: Jin Can , Zhang Wuxing , Liu Pengfei , Yang Xu , Oeser Markus
Published: May 2021

In micromechanical simulations of asphalt mixtures, complex shapes of asphalt mortar and coarse aggregates require numerous elements in the finite element (FE) representation. This makes simulation time‐consuming with a high risk of failure. To conduct simulations with acceptable accuracy and low computational cost, an approach is proposed to simplify the geometry of mixture microstructures with error assessment due to simplification. The methodology comprises four main steps, as follows: (1) coarse aggregates in a specimen are three‐dimensionally reconstructed to conduct surface triangulation; (2) surface triangles are then clustered with a predefined fitting accuracy using the least square method; (3) coarse aggregates are simplified as polyhedrons based on triangle clusters, and the asphalt mortar is then reconstructed using Boolean operations; and (4) the simulation error caused by simplification is assessed based on FE interpolation theory to ensure the reliability of the simulation. Two samples were prepared and then reconstructed for the simulation of a cyclic indirect tensile test. The volume difference for more than 95% aggregates was less than 5% for the two specimens. The difference of stress and strain curves of original and simplified models of the two specimens ranged from 2% to 4%, which indicates that the simulation solutions of the simplified and original microstructures were very close. Furthermore, computational time was significantly reduced due to the simplification of the aggregates. This method facilitates the reliable and highly efficient simulation of asphalt mixtures using the FE method.
Climate and the seasonal abundance of the tick Dermacentor reticulatus
Authors: Sands B. O. , Bryer K. E. , Wall R.
Published: May 2021

Dermacentor reticulatus (Ixodida: Ixodidae, Fabricius 1794) is one of the most widely distributed and abundant tick species in central Europe and is a vector for a range of pathogens. Nevertheless, many aspects of its ecology and distribution remain poorly understood. To quantify the seasonal abundance of this species in the U.K. and the environmental factors that determine this, weekly sampling at sites throughout Wales and southern England was undertaken for 12 months. This showed that the activity of adult D. reticulatus peaked February and March and that no individuals were collected between May and mid‐October; no questing tick activity was observed when the 5‐day average temperature was greater than 15 °C. A single nymph was collected by dragging, confirming speculation over the nidicolous status of larval and nymphal stadia. Laboratory analysis found that D. reticulatus were able survive cold shock and the lower lethal temperature was estimated to be between −18 and −20 °C. Habitat was significantly associated with tick activity, with higher numbers of ticks collected from low lying vegetation in marsh environments than from exposed grassland or woodland. A strong association was observed between activity and saturation deficit suggesting that the seasonal pattern of activity seen in the field, within the sites where it was abundant, is more strongly determined by temperature than humidity. Range expansion within the U.K. should be expected, bringing with it an elevated disease risk for animal and human hosts.
Divergent effects of exendin‐4 and interleukin‐6 on rat colonic secretory and contractile activity are associated with changes in regional vagal afferent signaling
Authors: O'Brien Rebecca , Buckley Maria M. , O'Malley Dervla
Published: May 2021

Background

The pro‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)‐6 is elevated in individuals with the functional bowel disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IL‐6 can independently modify intestinal secreto‐motor function, thereby contributing to IBS pathophysiology. Additionally, hormonal changes may underlie symptom flares. Post‐prandial exacerbation of IBS symptoms has been linked to secretion of the incretin hormone, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), which can also influence colonic secreto‐motor activity. This study aimed to ascertain if the effects of GLP‐1 on colonic secretory and contractile activity was impacted by elevated IL‐6 levels and if sensory signals regarding such changes were reflected in altered vagal afferent activity.

Methods

Colonic secretory currents and circular muscle contractile activity was investigated in Sprague Dawley rats using Ussing chamber and organ bath electrophysiology. Regional afferent signaling was assessed using extracellular electrophysiological recordings from colonic vagal afferents.

Key Results

Application of the GLP‐1 receptor agonist, exendin‐4 (Ex‐4) in the presence of IL‐6 potentiated colonic secretory currents and transepithelial resistance. Vagal afferent fibers originating in the submucosal layer exhibited larger responses to Ex‐4 when IL‐6 was also present. In contrast, co‐application of Ex‐4 and IL‐6 to gut‐bath chambers suppressed circular muscle contractile activity. The activity in extrinsic afferents originating in the colonic myenteric layer was similarly suppressed.

Conclusions & Inferences

Application of Ex‐4 in the presence of IL‐6 had divergent modulatory effects on colonic secretion and contractile activity. Similar patterns were observed in vagal afferent signaling originating in the submucosal and myenteric neuronal layers, indicating regional afferent activity reflected immune‐ and endocrine‐mediated changes in colonic function.
A Bayesian model identifying locations at risk from human‐transported exotic pathogens
Authors: McKelvey Steven C. , Koch Frank H. , Smith William D. , Hawley Kelly R.
Published: May 2021

A two‐phase Bayesian model is presented for updating risk assessments for locations susceptible to infection by exotic pathogens. Human transportation from previously infected regions to uninfected regions is the main dispersal mechanism. Information embedded in patterns within the transportation flow are exploited in the update process. We explore the sensitivity of the model's outputs to changes in inputs. A sample application of the model to sudden oak death, using fictitious infection data, is performed.
The power of wonder
Authors: Rass Richard
Published: May 2021

The broad implications of acknowledging and embracing the emotions of awe and wonder are discussed in this special issue of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, from their role as an incentive or impediment to scientific progress, to the many ways in which they connect to aesthetic experience, religious attitudes, and ethical concerns.
Calculation of ocular magnification in phakic and pseudophakic eyes based on anterior segment OCT data
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Leydolt Christina , Cayless Alan , Schwarzenbacher Luca , Zsolt Nagy Zoltán , Menapace Rupert
Published: May 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a straightforward mathematical concept for determination of object to image magnification in both phakic and pseudophakic eyes, based on biometric measures, refractometry and data from an anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods

We have developed a strategy for calculating ocular magnification based on axial length measurement, phakic anterior chamber and lens thickness, keratometry and crystalline lens front and back surface curvatures for the phakic eye, and axial length measurement, anterior chamber and lens thickness, keratometry and intraocular lens power, refractive index and shape factor for the pseudophakic eye. Comparing the magnification of both eyes of one individual yields aniseikonia, while comparing the preoperative and postoperative situation of one eye provides the gain or loss in ocular magnification. The applicability of this strategy is shown using a clinical example and a small case series in 78 eyes of 39 patients before and after cataract surgery.

Results

For the phakic eye, the refractive index of the crystalline lens was adjusted to balance the optical system. The pseudophakic eye is fully determined and we proposed three strategies for considering a potential mismatch of the data: (A) with spherical equivalent refraction, (B) with intraocular lens power and (C) with the shape factor of the lens. Magnification in the phakic eye was −0.00319 ± 0.00014 and with (A) was −0.00327 ± 0.00013, with (B) was −0.00323 ± 0.00014 and with (C) was −0.00326 ± 0.00013. With A/B/C, the magnification of the pseudophakic eye was on average 2.52 ± 2.83%/1.31 ± 2.84%/2.14 ± 2.80% larger compared with the phakic eye. Magnification changes were within a range of ±10%.

Conclusions

On average, ocular magnification does not change greatly after cataract surgery with implantation of an artificial lens, but in some cases, the change could be up to ±10%. If the changes are not consistent between the left and right eyes, then this could lead to post‐cataract aniseikonia.
Shape of the anterior surface of the cornea after extended wear of silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses
Authors: Stachura Joanna , Mlyniuk Patryk , Bloch Waldemar , Jimenez‐Villar Alfonso , Grulkowski Ireneusz , Kaluzny Bartlomiej J
Published: May 2021

Purpose

To measure geometrical changes in the anterior surface of the cornea after wearing silicon hydrogel (SiH) soft contact lenses continuously for 1 week.

Methods

Forty‐three eyes with 3.0D of myopia and 22 eyes with 3.0D of hyperopia were enrolled in the prospective, interventional study. All subjects underwent a general eye examination, corneal tomography with wavefront aberration analysis, corneal thickness measurements and epithelial thickness mapping before and after wearing SiH lenses (Acuvue Oasys) for 7 days.

Results

No significant changes in average keratometry were observed in either refractive group. In the myopic group, keratometry findings for the flat meridian (K1) and central corneal thickness decreased significantly. After +3.0 D lens wear in the hyperopic group, a significant decrease in epithelial thickness up to 3.19 µm was observed in the central and paracentral cornea, (p < 0.001). In both refractive groups, the largest epithelial thickness increase was seen in the periphery. A decrease in spherical aberration was noted in myopic eyes, while an increase of both higher order corneal aberrations and coma was found in hyperopic subjects.

Conclusion

Extended wear of SiH lenses results in a significant change in epithelial thickness leading to alteration in the geometry of the anterior surface of the cornea, particularly in hyperopic patients. These epithelial thickness variations lead to changes in the higher order aberrations of the cornea.
Clinical Results of Acetabular Fracture via the Pararectus versus Ilioinguinal Approach
Authors: Zou Ruyi , Wu Min , Guan Jianzhong , Xiao Yuzhou , Chen Xiaotian
Published: May 2021

Objective

To compare the clinical efficacy of pararectus and ilioinguinal approach in the treatment of acetabular fractures.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 60 patients with acetabular fractures treated by the pararectus approach or the ilioinguinal approach from January 2016 to January 2019 was performed to record all data by comparing the length of the surgical incision, the time to expose the fracture and the amount of blood loss during the operation. Patients were routinely followed up at 1, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. The function of the hip joint after the operation (Improved Merle d' Aubigne and Postel scores) and the complications postoperation were recorded.

Results

There was a significant difference (mean ± SD) in the length of surgical incision [(11.2 ± 1.5) cm vs.(23.8 ± 2.1) cm], and in surgical exposure time [(10.8 ± 1.7) min vs.(19.9 ± 1.9) min] (P < 0.05) between the two approaches; there was no significant difference (mean ± SD) in intraoperative blood loss [(591.8 ± 131.4) mL vs. (614.6 ± 132.7) mL] or in hip function scores at the last follow‐up between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the pararectus approach group, there was one patient (3.3%) with postoperative wound fat liquefaction, and the wound completely improved by secretion culture, enhanced dressing and effective antibiotics, one patient (3.3%) developed lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury; One case (3.3%) of postoperative myositis ossificans occurred in the ilioinguinal approach group, and there were no obvious symptoms.

Conclusions

These data suggest that for patients with acetabular fractures, both the pararectus approach and the ilioinguinal approach can achieve satisfactory surgical results, but the former has relatively simple operation and small incision length, which is in line with the modern concept of the minimally invasive pelvis.
Clinical Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy for Hip Labrum Calcification in Young and Middle‐Aged Patients
Authors: Zhang Bai‐qing , An Ming‐yang , Gao Feng , Li Chun‐bao , Wei Qi , Hu Bo , Yuan Wei , Lu Ming , Liu Yu‐feng , Liu Yu‐jie
Published: May 2021

Objective

To investigate the methods and outcomes of hip arthroscopy for hip labrum calcification, and to discuss the clinical, imaging, and intraoperative findings of hip labrum calcification.

Methods

This is a therapeutic case series study. From January 2015 to June 2018, 15 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were followed up for at least 2 years for an analysis on the outcomes of arthroscopy in the treatment of hip labrum calcification and the clinical, imaging, and intraoperative findings of the patients. There were eight males and seven females, with an average age of 38.9 ± 8.8 years (range, 23–50 years). The visual analog scale (VAS), the modified Harris hip score (mHSS), and the international hip outcome tool (iHOT‐12) were used to evaluate the outcomes of surgery.

Results

A total of 15 patients were followed up for at least 2 years (28.1 ± 2.9 months). The average calcified volume was 118.0 mm3 (range, 19.4–609.2 mm3) and calcified volume was related to the preoperative hip function score. Thirteen patients had pain in the groin area (86.7%). Labrum calcifications were located (according to the clock distribution) as follows: 14 patients were anterior and superior (11:00–3:00); 12 cases of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) were observed during operation, including five cases of pincer type, two cases of cam type, and five cases of mixed type. VAS pain score means were 7.73 ± 1.28 before surgery, decreasing to 2.0 ± 0.89 and 1.73 ± 0.79 at 1 and 2 years post‐surgery, respectively. mHSS scores were 57.40 ± 6.23 before surgery and 82.10 ± 4.76 and 83.18 ± 4.07, 1 and 2 years post‐surgery, respectively; iHOT‐12 mean score pre‐surgery was 37.67 ± 4.85, increasing to 67.64 ± 5.30 and 72.18 ± 4.49, 1 and 2 years post‐surgery, respectively. Compared with preoperative values, postoperative VAS, mHSS, and iHOT‐12 scores were significantly improved (P < 0.01); iHOT‐12 scores also significantly decreased from 1 to 2 years postoperatively (P = 0.034). No patient had complications.

Conclusion

Hip arthroscopy is an effective method for the treatment of hip labrum calcification. The size of calcification influenced preoperative symptoms and function. Long‐term irritation from FAI may be one important cause of labrum calcification.
The pan‐genome of the cultivated soybean (PanSoy) reveals an extraordinarily conserved gene content
Authors: Torkamaneh Davoud , Lemay Marc‐André , Belzile François
Published: May 2021

Studies on structural variation in plants have revealed the inadequacy of a single reference genome for an entire species and suggest that it is necessary to build a species‐representative genome called a pan‐genome to better capture the extent of both structural and nucleotide variation. Here, we present a pan‐genome of cultivated soybean (Glycine max), termed PanSoy, constructed using the de novo genome assembly of 204 phylogenetically and geographically representative improved accessions selected from the larger GmHapMap collection. PanSoy uncovers 108 Mb (˜11%) of novel nonreference sequences encompassing 3621 protein‐coding genes (including 1659 novel genes) absent from the soybean ‘Williams 82’ reference genome. Nonetheless, the core genome represents an exceptionally large proportion of the genome, with >90.6% of genes being shared by >99% of the accessions. A majority of PAVs encompassing genes could be confirmed with long‐read sequencing on a subset of accessions. The PanSoy is a major step towards capturing the extent of genetic variation in cultivated soybean and provides a resource for soybean genomics research and breeding.
Methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin and coronatine as new elicitors of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in Atropa acuminata and Atropa belladonna hairy root cultures
Authors: Fattahi Farnoosh , Shojaeiyan Abdolali , Palazon Javier , Moyano Elisabeth , Torras‐Claveria Laura
Published: May 2021

Hyoscyamine (HYO) and scopolamine (SCO) are tropane alkaloids acting as anticholinergic factors on the parasympathetic nervous system in humans and are produced by Solanaceous plants. Two strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes, A4 and LBA9402, were used to infect Atropa acuminata Royle ex Miers and Atropa belladonna L. leaf explants. A. acuminata was inoculated either by direct infection or sonicated‐assisted A. rhizogenes‐mediated transformation (SAAT) was performed. A. belladonna was inoculated with the A4 strain using a direct method. The selected hairy root lines of both species were elicited with 50 mM methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), 0.5 μM coronatine (Cor) or 50 mM β‐CD + 0.5 μM Cor on Day 14 of culture. The elicitor effect on growth and HYO and SCO content was analyzed after one (T1) and two (T2) weeks of treatment. In A. acuminata explants, the highest transformation percentage (T%) was obtained with strain A4 and the SAAT method (T%: 96.43). Cor significantly reduced the growth of A. acuminata hairy roots (fresh weight and dry weight [DW]: 2.52 and 0.3 g, respectively), whereas β‐CD increased their DW (0.4 g). Also, the combined β‐CD + Cor treatment had a positive significant effect on the DW of A. belladonna hairy roots (0.41 g). In A. acuminata hairy roots, the HYO level was lower under Cor treatment than in the control at both sampling times. In contrast, the SCO content was increased 10‐fold by Cor elicitation at T1 compared to the control (10.95 mg g−1 DW) and was also positively affected by  β‐CD + Cor. In A. belladonna hairy roots, all the elicitors had a negative effect on both HYO and SCO production. This report is the first assessment of the effect of β‐CD and Cor elicitors on tropane alkaloid production.
Microplastics as a sedimentary component in reef systems: A case study from the Java Sea
Authors: Utami Dwi Amanda , Reuning Lars , Konechnaya Olga , Schwarzbauer Jan
Published: May 2021

Microplastic pollution has been reported from coral reef systems all over the tropics. Exposure to microplastics has several negative impacts on coral health, such as bleaching, tissue necrosis, or an impairment of the coral’s immune system. Despite this potential risk for reef systems, the controlling processes for microplastics dispersion and accumulation in reef sediments are still largely under‐studied. Presented here is a study of microplastics (125 µm to 5 mm) distribution in two tropic atoll reef platforms in Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. Sediment samples were collected in different facies zones within the reef platform. Microplastics were concentrated using density floatation and characterized by light and scanning electron microscopy. Some particles were identified as polypropylene using micro‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All recovered microplastics were classified as secondary microplastics, likely derived from marine and local sources, with fibres as the most abundant type. Microplastics are showing similar transport and accumulation behaviour as fine siliciclastic grains. The abundance of microplastic is controlled by the proximity to the source area of larger plastic debris and hydrodynamic processes. Microplastics are not only present in low energy environments but also high energy settings such as the reef crest. Processes that contribute to accumulation in reef sediments are biofouling, interlocking and the creation of compound grains. Microplastics are present in sediment close to the seafloor (0 to 3.5 cm) but also at depths between 3.5 cm and 7.0 cm. Microplastic particles from below 3.5 cm are unlikely to be remobilized under modal weather conditions in the studied equatorial reefs. Subtidal reef sediment therefore can be regarded as a permanent sink for microplastics. The study shows that microplastics in coral reef environments deserve careful consideration since microplastics pose an additional threat to corals and their ability as framework builders in reef systems.
Performing Identity: The Case of the (Greek) Cypriot National Guard
Authors: Moisi Evangelina , Zachariades Alexandros
Published: May 2021

Students of International Relations are taught that the modern nation‐state has a monopoly on the (legitimate) use of violence. However, in the case of the Republic of Cyprus this does not seem to be the case, since its armed forces, the Cypriot National Guard (CNG), are intimately embedded within Greece’s military structure, and half the island remains under Turkish occupation. The colonization of Cyprus (1571–1960) and subsequent decolonization has led to the gradual construction of two rigid identities, Greek and Turkish, that have been institutionalized legally and imposed constitutionally. This paper seeks to answer two questions. First, how does the CNG perform and therefore constitute a ‘Greek identity’? Second, is this performance epistemically violent, hindering the formation of hybrid identities? We use autoethnography, interviews, and insights from Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of the habitus and Judith Butler’s performativity theory to explore these two questions. We argue that the CNG performs a Greek identity in three key configurations: 1) the operational link between the Greek Army and the CNG; 2) the explicit connection to both ancient and modern Greece through various CNG insignia and practices, including parades and marching songs; and 3) the entrenchment of the Greek Orthodox Church within its practices.
White elephants on quicksand: Low oil prices and high geopolitical risk
Authors: Abdel‐Latif Hany , El‐Gamal Mahmoud
Published: May 2021

We investigate the effects of low oil prices and heightened geopolitical risks on economic growth and investment in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. We find that negative shocks to oil prices and positive shocks to geopolitical risk have adverse effects on GDP and investment. Moreover, we find that the impact of investment on GDP in MENA countries is muted when oil prices are low and/or geopolitical risk level is high. These findings cast doubts on the prospects of mega‐project economic transformation plans as envisioned in 2030 visions for several MENA countries.
Biomechanical analysis of accessory tendon graft augmentation for primary gastrocnemius tendon reconstruction in dogs
Authors: Duffy Daniel J. , Chang Yi‐Jen , Fisher Matthew B. , Moore George E.
Published: May 2021

Objective

To evaluate the effect of accessory tendon graft (ATG) augmentation as an adjunct to a core locking‐loop (LL) and epitendinous suture (ES) repair in a gastrocnemius tendon (GT) model.

Study Design

Randomized, ex vivo, biomechanical.

Population

Twenty‐two canine GT musculotendinous constructs.

Methods

GT repair constructs were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10/group). After transection, paired GT were repaired with LL + ES alone or with concurrent ATG augmentation. Yield, peak and failure loads, tensile loads required to create 1 and 3 mm gapping, and failure modes were evaluated. Four GT were used as intact controls for validation of testing methodology. ATG constructs were compared to LL + ES and control specimens.

Results

Yield (p < .0001), peak (p = .0001) and failure loads (p = .0003) were greater when ATG was used for repair. Greater force was required to cause 1 mm (p = .0001) and 3 mm (p = .0002) gap formation in the ATG group, however, the frequency of gap formation did not differ between groups. All repaired constructs failed exclusively by suture pull‐through.

Conclusion

Autologous ATG augmentation as an adjunct to primary GT repair increased yield, peak and failure forces by approximately 1.6×, 1.9×, 1.8× respectively and required 2.1× greater force to cause 1 and 3 mm formation respectively compared to LL + ES repairs alone.

Clinical Significance

ATG augmentation should be considered as an autologous method to support and strengthen the primary GT repair. These results justify studies to determine the effect of ATG on clinical function following graft harvest in dogs.
Hollis Croft. A Matter of Time. A comic
Authors: Rajic Milica , Howarth Dave
Published: May 2021

The comic, Hollis Croft. A Matter of Time, uses the factual historical and archaeological context of the site of Hollis Croft (https://doi.org/10.11141/ia.56.4) and the local landscape, but is a work of fiction.
Leveraging Machine Learning (Artificial Neural Networks) for Enhancing Performance and Reliability of Thermal Energy Storage Platforms Utilizing Phase Change Materials
Authors: Chuttar Aditya , Thyagarajan Ashok , Banerjee Debjyoti
Published: May 2021

Phase change materials (PCMs) have garnered significant attention over recent years due to their efficacy for thermal energy storage (TES) applications. High latent heats exhibited by PCMs enable enhanced storage densities which translate into compact form factors of a TES platform. PCMs particularly address the shift between energy demand and supply; i.e., they absorb heat during surplus conditions and release it during a deficit. PCMs are used in a wide range of applications—solar power plants, building energy management, HVAC, waste heat recovery systems, domestic water heating, and thermal management of electronics to list a few. Inorganic PCMs have a high latent heat value (compared to organic PCMs) but suffer from several reliability issues. A major reliability issue with inorganic PCMs is the high degree of supercooling needed to initiate nucleation (which compromises the reliability, net energy storage capacity, and power rating of the TES platform). “Cold Finger Technique (CFT)” can obviate these issues wherein a small fraction of the total mass of PCM is left in a solid phase to aid spontaneous nucleation (thus, reliability is enhanced at a marginal expense to the net storage capacity while power rating of the TES remains unaffected). In this study, machine learning (ML) techniques, more specifically artificial neural networks (ANN), are implemented to enhance the efficacy of CFT. Temperature transients from PCM melting experiments are used to explore the efficacy of this deep learning technique (i.e., multi-layer perceptron model or “MLP”) in order to predict the time required to attain a predefined melt percentage. The results show that an artificial neural network is capable of providing apriori predictions regarding the time to attain a chosen melt fraction (e.g., 90% melt fraction). The mean error of the predictions was observed to be less than ∼5 min at instants that were within 30 min of the TES platform reaching 90% melt fraction. However, this approach is more sensitive to the type of training data set.
Application of Deep Reinforcement Learning to Thermal Control of Space Telescope
Authors: Xiong Yan , Guo Liang , Tian Defu
Published: May 2021

With the development of deep space exploration technology, thermal control systems for space telescopes are becoming increasingly complex, leading to the key parameters of conventional thermal control systems are difficult to adjust online automatically. To achieve these adjustments, this paper provided detailed verification of the application of deep reinforcement learning to space telescope thermal control from three perspectives: thermophysical modeling, intelligent sensing-based radiator, and online self-tuning of thermal control parameters. This paper presents a high-speed and high-precision thermophysical modeling strategy in matlab/simulink with better computational efficiency than conventional approaches. And an intelligent sensing-based radiator is proposed that can realize autonomous regulation of the radiating cold plate by sensing the external space environment and the thermal load inside the spacecraft. A strategy for online self-tuning of the thermal control parameters based on deep reinforcement learning is also proposed. Theoretical and experimental results show that deep reinforcement learning thermal control (DRLPID) can achieve temperature control accuracy of 0.05 °C. The steady-state errors in the simulations were reduced by 22.7%, 37.4%, and 47.4% when compared with the reinforcement learning proportional–integral–derivative (PID), the neural network PID, and the fuzzy PID, respectively. The experimental steady-state errors were reduced by 20.4%, 32.5%, and 42.7%, respectively.
Formation of Two Edge Dislocations in a Grain Due to Interface Disclination Dipoles
Authors: Colin Jérôme
Published: May 2021

The formation of a dipole of edge dislocations inside one grain separated from the adjacent grains by two interfaces in which are lying disclination dipoles (one in each interface) has been theoretically investigated from an energy variation calculation. Critical grain sizes associated with the formation of the edge dislocation dipole have been determined as well as an activation energy. The effects of the inclination angle of the gliding plane of the dislocations and the characteristic parameters of the disclination dipoles have been finally analyzed.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the parotid gland – a case report
Authors: Muntean Delia , Dudea Sorin , Lenghel Manuela , Solomon Carolina , Iuga Teodora , Rotar Horațiu
Published: May 2021

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the parotid gland is a rare entity among head and neck tumours. We report a case of a patient with a medical history of diffuse large B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma with complete remission following chemotherapy, who presented seven years afterwards with a progressive painless hard swelling of the right parotidgland. Ultrasonography followed by contrast-enhanced MRI features was consistent with a malignant tumour. Consequently, fine and core needle aspiration biopsy were performed under ultrasound guidance and the final histopathological result was MALT lymphoma of the parotid gland. The most important particularity of the case is the sequential development of two different histopathological types of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, both of B-cell lineage.
Inhomogeneous diffusion process in elongated rooms: An interpretation based on the dynamics of sound particles
Authors: Foy Cédric , Valeau Vincent , Prax Christian , Picaut Judicaël , Sakout Anas
Published: May 2021

Previous studies showed that the reverberant field in elongated rooms is governed by non-homogeneous diffusion. The objective of this study is to physically interpret this phenomenon by considering the dynamics of the sound particles. Starting from the original diffusion theory, a quantity that can be interpreted as a “local” mean free path has been proposed and computed from the paths of the propagating particles. Based on the proportionality relationship between the mean free path and the diffusion coefficient, the spatial distribution of the latter could be estimated and successfully compared with a direct estimation using the Fick's law.
Carbapenem Resistance Determinants Acquired through Novel Chromosomal Integrations in Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Janice Jessin , Agyepong Nicholas , Owusu-Ofori Alex , Govinden Usha , Essack Sabiha Yusuf , Samuelsen Ørjan , Sundsfjord Arnfinn , Pedersen Torunn
Published: May 2021

Two novel
bla
DIM-1
- or
bla
IMP-1
-containing genomic islands (GIs) were discovered by whole-genome sequence analyses in four extensively drug-resistant (XDR)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates from inpatients at a tertiary hospital in Ghana. The strains were of sequence type 234 (ST234) and formed a phylogenetic clade together with ST111, which is recognized as a global high-risk clone.
‘H-syndrome’: a multisystem genetic disorder with cutaneous clues
Authors: Mori Krishna Shantilal , Balachandran Karthik , Asirvatham Adyne Reena , Mahadevan Shriraam
Published: May 2021

We present a case of a 25-year-old man who came to our Endocrine Clinic for evaluation of short stature. He had a history of sensorineural hearing loss, hypertrichosis and hyperpigmentation with the thickening of the skin below the hip, gynecomastia and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Investigations showed that he had hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. His phenotype was consistent with that of a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis of ‘H-syndrome’. The diagnosis was confirmed by genetic analysis using next-generation sequencing which showed a homozygous mutation in theSLC29A3gene (variant: c.1330G>T (p.Glu444Ter)) which was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. This is a rare syndrome with around 100 cases reported in world literature. Though the skin manifestations are pathognomonic of the H-syndrome, it has myriad presentations like short stature, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, dyslipidaemia, cardiac anomalies and sensorineural hearing loss. We report this case to highlight the constellation of features of this rare syndrome and bring awareness among the physicians to be vigilant about this syndrome.
Scar endometriosis diagnosed as incisional hernia before surgery
Authors: Permatasari Nisa Utami Ika , Hutabarat Fadlan Fediansyah , Putri Henny Meitri Andrie Rachmasari
Published: May 2021

Scar endometriosis is a rare condition highly related to history of abdominal surgery. Due to the low incidence, it is often misdiagnosed. A woman presented to the surgery outpatient clinic with a mass near her C-section scar. Physical examination and ultrasound suggested Incisional Hernia while intraoperative finding revealed a mass suggestive of endometriosis which later confirmed by pathology examination. Scar endometriosis is a common subtype of extra-pelvic endometriosis. Iatrogenic transplantation is speculated to be its etiopathogenesis. Preoperatively, it is challenging to differentiate endometriosis from another abdominal masses. The definitive diagnosis is based on laparoscopy or surgery with histological verification. Chronic pain is complex and often involves multiple factors beyond simply a diagnosis of endometriosis, but it is important to think of endometriosis on women patients presenting with a mass and cyclic pain with history of surgery involving a large amount of endometrial cell.
Paraspinal radiation recall myositis after gemcitabine for pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Barrios-Anderson Adriel , Radhakrishnan Reshmitha , Yu Esther , Shimanovsky Alexei
Published: May 2021

Radiation recall (RR) is a chemotherapy-induced reaction that leads to inflammation and necrosis in previously irradiated tissue. Gemcitabine is a cytidine analogue that is often used in conjunction with nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Herein, we present a case of a 56-year-old woman with stage III pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed with gemcitabine-induced RR when she presented with lower back pain and new rim-enhancing collections within the right and left paraspinal musculature 5 months after radiation therapy to the pancreas. A PubMed search was performed for ‘Radiation Recall Myositis’ and a complete literature review performed. This case and review of the literature of published cases of RR myositis highlight the clinical course and presentation of RR myositis. This review highlights the importance of considering RR in the differential diagnosis when patients who are undergoing chemotherapy and radiation present with inflammatory changes in previously irradiated areas.
Multiplug flow control technique as a novel transarterial curative approach for the endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular malformations
Authors: Cekirge H Saruhan , Saatci Isil
Published: May 2021

Herein, we describe the use of a novel multiplug flow control technique for the curative transarterial embolisation of cerebrovascular malformations using liquid embolic agents (LEAs). The idea behind the use of this technique is to substantially control or arrest flow during LEA injection, with multiple plugs simultaneously formed from microcatheters that are placed within all or multiple feeders, so that the penetration of LEAs is facilitated, with flow control decreasing the washout of a malformation. This technique enables the complete occlusion of a vascular malformation in a shorter injection time than that in other methods because penetration is achieved faster. Details of this technique have been described in the treatment of two cases: one case of unruptured temporal arteriovenous malformation and in the other with a falcotentorial dural arteriovenous fistula, in which the vascular malformations were successfully occluded with transarterial embolisation.
Cryptococcal meningitis presenting with acute hearing loss
Authors: Ali Aleem Azal , Maaliki Naji , Oye Monique , Isache Carmen Liliana
Published: May 2021

Reversible sensorineural hearing loss is a recognised complication of cryptococcal meningitis. Cryptococcal meningitis typically presents with usual symptoms of fever, headache and neck stiffness. This case highlights acute, profound, bilateral hearing loss as the initial symptom and presentation of cryptococcal meningitis in a young woman, who was later diagnosed with AIDS.
Point-of-care faecal calprotectin testing in patients with paediatric inflammatory bowel disease during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jere Mwansa , Garrick Vikki , Curtis Lee , Tayler Rachel , Gervais Lisa , Gerasimidis Konstantinos , Hansen Richard
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Following the disruption of normal paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) services during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we prospectively audited the first-time use of home faecal calprotectin testing. We aimed to provide an alternative to laboratory tests and to assess the value of home testing as part of our regular services going forward.

Methods

Home test kits as well as accompanying user instructions were made available to our patients with paediatric IBD that required faecal calprotectin test between 17 April and 12 August 2020. Once the user completed the test, results were automatically uploaded to the result portal and clinical staff were alerted. A user feedback questionnaire was sent to users that had completed the home test.

Results

Of the 54 patients, 41 (76%) aged between 4.7 and 18.1 years used the home test. A total of 45 home tests were done, one of which produced an invalid result. The decision to modify management was made in 12 (29%) of the patients, while 14 (34%) had no changes made and 15 (37%) required further assessment. Twenty (48.8%) responded to the questionnaire and 85% stated that they preferred the home test to the laboratory testing method.

Conclusions

Home calprotectin tests were useful in guiding clinical management during a time when laboratory testing was less available. They may offer benefits as part of routine paediatric IBD monitoring to help target appointments and reduce unnecessary hospital attendances in the future.
COVID-19 in West Africa: regional resource mobilisation and allocation in the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Ahanhanzo Césaire , Johnson Ermel Ameswue Kpogbe , Eboreime Ejemai Amaize , Issiaka Sombié , Traoré Ben Idrissa , Adohinzin Clétus C Y , Adesina Tosin , Diallo Ely Noel , Obgureke Nanlop , Okolo Stanley
Published: May 2021

The world continues to battle the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas many countries are currently experiencing the second wave of the outbreak; Africa, despite being the last continent to be affected by the virus, has not experienced as much devastation as other continents. For example, West Africa, with a population of 367 million people, had confirmed 412 178 cases of COVID-19 with 5363 deaths as of 14 March 2021; compared with the USA which had recorded almost 30 million cases and 530 000 deaths, despite having a slightly smaller population (328 million). Several postulations have been made in an attempt to explain this phenomenon. One hypothesis is that African countries have leveraged on experiences from past epidemics to build resilience and response strategies which may be contributing to protecting the continent’s health systems from being overwhelmed. This practice paper from the West African Health Organization presents experience and data from the field on how countries in the region mobilised support to address the pandemic in the first year, leveraging on systems, infrastructure, capacities developed and experiences from the 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak.
The pitfalls of modelling the effects of COVID-19 on gender-based violence: lessons learnt and ways forward
Authors: Lokot Michelle , Bhatia Amiya , Heidari Shirin , Peterman Amber
Published: May 2021

Since early 2020, global stakeholders have highlighted the significant gendered consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, including increases in the risk of gender-based violence (GBV). Researchers have sought to inform the pandemic response through a diverse set of methodologies, including early efforts modelling anticipated increases in GBV. For example, in April 2020, a highly cited modelling effort by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and partners projected headline global figures of 31 million additional cases of intimate partner violence due to 6 months of lockdown, and an additional 13 million child marriages by 2030. In this paper, we discuss the rationale for using modelling to make projections about GBV, and use the projections released by UNFPA to draw attention to the assumptions and biases underlying model-based projections. We raise five key critiques: (1) reducing complex issues to simplified, linear cause-effect relationships, (2) reliance on a small number of studies to generate global estimates, (3) assuming that the pandemic results in the complete service disruption for existing interventions, (4) lack of clarity in indicators used and sources of estimates, and (5) failure to account for margins of uncertainty. We argue that there is a need to consider the motivations and consequences of using modelling data as a planning tool for complex issues like GBV, and conclude by suggesting key considerations for policymakers and practitioners in using and commissioning such projections.