bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating data from cold-water coral habitats increase knowledge on age and growth studies: the case of Helicolenus dactylopterus (Delaroche, 1809) in the central Mediterranean
Authors: Sion Letizia , Cornacchia Laura , Galasso Gabriele , D’Onghia Gianfranco , Carbonara Pierluigi
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to provide new insights on the age and growth of H. dactylopterus in the north-western Ionian Sea (central Mediterranean) by using different data sets and comparing three different methods, one direct by otolith reading corroborated by two indirect methods, by means of back calculation and Length Frequency Distribution analysis (LFDa), in order to obtain robust data for use in analytical management models. A total of 1403 specimens of blackbelly rosefish were sampled from habitats explored on muddy bottoms in the depth range 106-721 m and 309 individuals caught in the cold-water coral habitat between 418 and 635 m in depth. The length-frequency distributions of blackbelly rosefish showed a polymodal pattern in both habitats explored, with medium-small individuals caught on muddy bottoms and larger ones in coral habitats and canyons. The maximum age observed in females was 13 years (315 mm TL), while in males it was 15 years (336 mm TL), and no significant difference was observed comparing age-length keys from otolith readings of females with the males. The analysis of the daily increments allowed us to validate the average length of the first year of age (approximately 90-100 mm LT) obtained from the three different methods used. No significant difference was highlighted comparing the average lengths of age class 1, calculated with the direct method and by counting the daily increments. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated for the sexes and for the whole population from otolith readings and for the entire population by LFD analysis and the back calculation method. The growth curves were comparable between the different methods and no significant difference was observed. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters estimated for the different methods were comparable (otolith readings L∞ 494 mm, k=0.06 years-1, t0=-3.00 years; back calculation method L∞ 487 mm, k=0.06 years-1, t0=-2.30 years; LFDa L∞ 415 mm, k=0.07 years-1, t0=-2.23 years), indicating a slow growth in accordance with what has already been observed in other areas of the Mediterranean.
Advances in the detection technology of vegetable soil borne fungi and bacteria
Authors: Chen Lida , Lü Guiyun , Yang Songhan , Gong Binbin , Lu Yusong , Wu Xiaolei , Li Jingrui , Gao Hongbo
Published: December 2024

Soil borne diseases are one of the most serious diseases which often results the decline of vegetables quality and loss of production. Moreover, it is difficult for plants to exhibit disease symptoms in the early stages attributing to strong concealment of soil borne pathogens. Therefore, early detection of pathogens and their physiological races plays an important role in reducing the harm of pathogens associated with diseases of vegetable crops. The traditional diagnostic techniques relied on the time consuming and less accurate methods like disease symptom observation, microscopic diagnosis, and culture techniques etc. The development of molecular biology technology has brought revolutionary changes to the diagnosis of vegetable soil borne diseases, improving the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis. This paper reviews the various molecular detection techniques for vegetable soil borne pathogens (PCR, nested-PCR, multiplex PCR, etc.) and their physiological races (host identification, DNA molecular markers, transposon detection, etc.), explains the advantages and disadvantages of each detection technique. Furthermore, the paper comprehensively introduces the application of molecular detection technology for soil borne pathogen detection in soil, plants, and seeds. Finally, we put forward important perspectives for the future development of rapid detection methods, aiming to promote rapid diagnosis of soil pathogenic microorganisms and provide guidance for the control of biological risks.
Inactivation kinetics of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on specialty mushroom garnishes based on ramen soup broth temperature
Authors: Salazar Joelle K. , Fay Megan L. , Fleischman Gregory , Khouja Bashayer A. , Stewart Diana S. , Ingram David T.
Published: December 2024

Recent listeriosis and salmonellosis outbreaks in the U.S. have been associated with consumption of specialty mushrooms, including enoki and wood ear. These mushrooms are commonly consumed in Asian dishes such as ramen noodle soup and are often used as raw garnishes. No current guidelines exist for the serving temperature of ramen broth in restaurants for safety. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inactivation of both Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica on enoki and wood ear mushrooms based on the ramen broth temperature. Fresh mushrooms were chopped into pieces, inoculated with four-strain cocktails of L. monocytogenes or S. enterica, dried at ambient conditions for 30 min, then placed into bowls. Ramen broth (i.e., pork bone broth, Tonkotsu) at initial temperatures of 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100°C was poured over the mushrooms, submerging them. The bowls were held at ambient conditions while the broth temperatures were monitored, and mushrooms were sampled at intervals up to 60 min. From the broth temperature profiles and the pathogen log reductions of each mushroom type, the non-isothermal log-linear model was used to obtain maximum inactivation rates. The maximum pathogen inactivation on both mushroom types occurred within the first 5 min, regardless of the initial broth temperature. Broth temperatures of 60 and 70°C resulted in reductions of only 1–3 log CFU/g (inactivation rates of 0.33–4.72 log CFU/g/min), while reductions of 4–5 log CFU/g (inactivation rates of 8.74–17.21 log CFU/g/min) were observed with 80°C broth. The use of 90 and 100°C broth resulted in higher reductions of >5 log CFU/g (inactivation rates of 8.56–28.08 log CFU/g/min). In all cases, surviving populations, often >2.4 log CFU/g, were observed after 60 min. The results from this study can assist in the development of guidelines on the safe serving temperature of ramen soup at restaurants.
Differences in cerebral structure among patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Cui Xiaorui , Li Mingpeng , Lei Guanxiong , Wang Jie , Pan Jialin , Zhu Sheng , Wu Tao , Zou Liangyu , Yan Jianhui
Published: December 2024

Background

Brain has been shown to undergo progressive atrophy in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, more evidence is needed to elucidate how the brain structure changes during the progression to AD. Here, we observed differences in the cerebral structure among patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and patients with AD.

Methods

A total of 46 participants were selected and divided into AD, aMCI, and healthy control (HC) groups. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) was performed on all participants. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and surface-based morphometry (SBM) techniques were utilized to analyze sMRI data so as to identify significant differences among the specific brain regions of these three groups. Then, a correlation analysis was performed on the characteristics of the identified brain regions and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) cognitive assessment scores.

Results

The volume of the left precuneus region, which was identified by voxel-based morphometry, and the thickness of both sides of the inferior parietal, which was identified by surface-based morphometry, were shown to be less in AD/aMCI patients, compared to those of the HC. The correlation analysis showed that there were significant differences between the volume of the left precuneus region and the MMSE/MoCA scores, as well as between the thickness of the left and right sides of the inferior parietal region and the MMSE/MoCA scores.

Conclusion

The sMRI characteristics of the identified brain regions were considered to be potential predictive diagnostic biomarkers for AD.

Systematic review registration

Identifier: ChiCTR2400092593.
Magnetic resonance imaging of brain structural and functional changes in cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Cao Danna , Yue Jinhuan , Wei Zeyi , Huang Dong-Hong , Sun Xuchen , Liu Ke-Xuan , Wang Peng , Jiang Fan , Li Xiaoling , Zhang Qinhong
Published: December 2024

Cognitive impairment is a critical non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) that profoundly affects patients’ quality of life. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has emerged as a valuable tool for investigating the structural and functional brain changes associated with cognitive impairment in PD (PD-CI). MRI techniques enable the precise identification and monitoring of the onset and progression of cognitive deficits in PD. This review synthesizes recent literature on the use of MRI-based techniques, including voxel-based morphometry, diffusion tensor imaging, and functional MRI, in the study of PD-CI. By examining these imaging modalities, the article aims to elucidate the patterns of brain structural and functional alterations in PD-CI, offering critical insights that can inform clinical management and therapeutic strategies. In particular, this review provides a novel synthesis of recent advancements in understanding how specific MRI metrics, such as amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, regional homogeneity, and functional connectivity, contribute to early detection and personalized treatment approaches for PD-CI. The integration of findings from these studies enhances our understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in PD and highlights the potential of MRI as a supportive tool in the clinical assessment and treatment of PD-CI.
Academic and Community Hospitals differ in stroke subtype classification and cardiac monitoring: the DiVERT multi-center cohort study
Authors: Rose David Z. , Shah Ruchir A. , Snavely Josh , Hairston Marla , Adams Stephen , Ziegler Paul D. , Rosemas Sarah C. , Chandler Michael , Carta Roberto , Neisen Karah B. , Franco Noreli C. , Devlin Thomas G.
Published: December 2024

Background

Cardiac monitoring strategies to detect occult atrial fibrillation (AF) post-stroke differ among healthcare institutions. This may be related to discrepancies in stroke subtype classification/adjudication, and/or consultation of cardiology specialists at Community Hospitals (CoH) and Academic Centers (AcC). Identifying the degree of heterogeneity may encourage development of guideline-directed monitoring protocols, result in higher AF detection rates and treatments, and fewer strokes.

Methods

The DiVERT (SeconDary Stroke PreVEntion ThRough Pathway ManagemenT) study was designed to characterize post-stroke cardiac monitoring practices in a hospital setting. Care pathways were assessed with in-person stakeholder interviews; patient-level data were reviewed using electronic medical records.

Results

DiVERT identified 2,475 patients with diagnoses of cryptogenic (83.6% vs. 33.1%, p < 0.001), large vessel disease (LVD) (13.3% vs. 37.0%, p < 0.001), or small vessel disease (SVD) (3.1% vs. 29.9%, p < 0.001) stroke, at CoH and AcC, respectively. CoH consulted cardiology significantly less than AcC (12.3% vs. 34.7%, p < 0.001) and ordered significantly fewer short- or long-term cardiac monitors than AcC (6.8% vs. 69.2%, p < 0.001). CoH had shorter length of stay (5.3 vs. 9.4 days, p < 0.001) and patient demographics were significantly different (p < 0.001 for age, ethnicity and race).

Conclusion

Significant heterogeneity in cardiac monitoring post-stroke exists: CoH reported 2.5-times more cryptogenic stroke than AcC yet ordered 10-times fewer short/long-term cardiac monitors to look for AF. Significant differences in patient demographics among institutions may account for this discrepancy. Regardless, efforts to reduce heterogeneity are warranted to improve AF detection and treatment and prevent recurrent stroke.
Interactions of transcranial magnetic stimulation with brain oscillations: a narrative review
Authors: Wang Qijun , Gong Anjuan , Feng Zhen , Bai Yang , Ziemann Ulf
Published: December 2024

Brain responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be recorded with electroencephalography (EEG) and comprise TMS-evoked potentials and TMS-induced oscillations. Repetitive TMS may entrain endogenous brain oscillations. In turn, ongoing brain oscillations prior to the TMS pulse can influence the effects of the TMS pulse. These intricate TMS-EEG and EEG-TMS interactions are increasingly attracting the interest of researchers and clinicians. This review surveys the literature of TMS and its interactions with brain oscillations as measured by EEG in health and disease.
Higher oxidative balance score is associated with lower female infertility: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lei Xiong , Liu Xiling , Yu Chunchun , Xia Lijing , Zhou Liwen , Yao Can , Xu Zhixiao
Published: December 2024

Background

An imbalance of the pro-oxidant and antioxidant profiles in the body contributes to the development of diseases, including female infertility.

Methods

In this study, we performed a secondary analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and calculated the values of oxidative balance score (OBS). A weighted logistic regression model was used to explore the potential relationship between OBS (continuous factor and quartile set) and female infertility, and the P for trend was calculated. Subgroup analyses were also carried out further to explore the association between OBS and female infertility, and the P for interactions were obtained.

Results

There were 1,626 females (aged 18 to 45) included in the study, including 198 with infertility and a prevalence of approximately 13.28%. Multifactorial logistic regression showed a 5% decrease in infertility for each unit increased in OBS (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92 to 0.98). When OBS was used as a categorical variable, female infertility decreased by 60% in the highest OBS group compared with the lowest OBS group (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.74). In addition, subgroup analyses showed that the negative association between OBS and infertility was significant in the non-chronic disease (hypertension and diabetes) population, those with less than a high school educational background, poverty-to-income ratio (1 to 3), and those with more than 30 years of age.

Conclusion

Higher OBS was negatively associated with female infertility. Further prospective studies are needed to determine causality and to provide new perspectives on female infertility in the context of diet and lifestyle.
miR-198 targets TOPORS: implications for oral squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis
Authors: Kaushik Pankhuri , Mishra Radha , Gopal Champaka , Kumar Arun
Published: December 2024

Background

miRNAs play a critical role in the progression of various diseases, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which represents a major health concern and is one of the leading causes for new cancer cases worldwide. The miRNA dysregulation causes havoc and could be attributed to various factors, with epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes being a major contributor to tumorigenesis. In this study, we have explored the tumor suppressive role of miR-198 in OSCC.

Methods

The tumor suppressive effect of miR-198 is established using miRNA analysis in OSCC cell lines, patient samples and xenograft nude mice model. The relationship between the miR-198 and TOPORS is explored using bioinformatics analyses, qRT-PCR, dual-luciferase reporter assay, Western blotting and cancer hall marks assays. The hypermethylation of the MIR198 promoter is confirmed using bisulfite sequencing PCR.

Results

We have found miR-198 to be upregulated in OSCC cells treated with 5-Azacytidine, a known DNA methyltransferase inhibitor. Upregulation of miR-198 in 5-Azacytidine treated OSCC cells appears to be due to methylation of the MIR198 promoter. Using bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay, we have identified TOPORS (TOP1 binding arginine/serine rich protein, E3 ubiquitin ligase) as a novel gene target for miR-198. miR-198-mediated repression of TOPORS decreases cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth and enhances apoptosis of OSCC cells, which is dependent on the presence of the 3′UTR in TOPORS. An inverse correlation between the expression levels of miR-198 and TOPORS is observed in OSCC patient samples, highlighting the biological relevance of their interaction. Delivery of a synthetic miR-198 mimic to OSCC cells results in a significant decrease in xenograft size in nude mice, potentiating its use in therapeutics.

Conclusions

These results suggest that miR-198 is epigenetically silenced in OSCC, which promotes tumor growth, in part, by upregulating the levels of TOPORS.
Recent advances in cell membrane-coated porphyrin-based nanoscale MOFs for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zou Yutao , Wu Junjie , Zhang Qiuyun , Chen Jiayi , Luo Xuanxuan , Qu Yijie , Xia Rui , Wang Weiqi , Zheng Xiaohua
Published: December 2024

Porphyrins-based nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) has been widely utilized to kills tumor cells by generating cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, porphyrin based nMOFs (por-nMOFs) still face challenges such as rapid immune clearance and weak tumor targeting. Researchers have discovered that using a top-down biomimetic strategy, where nMOFs are coated with cell membranes, can promote long blood circulation, evade the reticuloendothelial system, and improve cancer cell targeting, thereby significantly enhancing the photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect of nMOFs. This review summarizes the recent work on different cell membranes-coated por-nMOFs for enhanced tumor PDT. This review details the changes in physicochemical properties, enhanced homotypic cancer cell-selective endocytosis, improved tumor tissue targeting, and increased cytotoxicity and effective in vivo tumor suppression after the nMOFs are wrapped with cell membranes. Additionally, this review compares the biological functions of various types of cell membranes, including cancer cell membranes, red blood cell membranes, aptamer-modified red blood cell membranes, and hybrid membranes from the fusion of cancer and immune cells. The review highlights the enhanced immunogenic cell death function when using hybrid membranes derived from the fusion of cancer and immune cell membranes. By summarizing the augmented PDT effects and the combined antitumor outcomes with other therapeutic modalities, this review aims to provide new insights into the biomedical applications of por-nMOFs and offer more references for the preclinical application of porphyrin-based photosensitizers.
Nanomedicine based on chemotherapy-induced immunogenic death combined with immunotherapy to enhance antitumor immunity
Authors: Chen Yichang , Mao Kuirong , Han Dongxiao , Ma Ruolin , Sun Tianmeng , Zhang Haipeng , Han Bing
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Chemo-immunotherapy based on inducing tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD)with chemotherapy drugs has filled the gaps between traditional chemotherapy and immunotherapy. It is verified that paclitaxel (PTX) can induce breast tumor ICD. From this basis, a kind of nanoparticle that can efficiently deliver different drug components simultaneously is constructed. The purpose of this study is for the sake of exploring the scheme of chemotherapy-induced ICD combined with other immunotherapy to enhance tumor immunogenicity and inhibit the growth, metastasis, and recurrence of breast tumors, so as to provide a research basis for solving the tough problem of breast cancer treatment.

Methods

Nanomedicine loaded with PTX, small interference RNA that suppresses CD47 expression (CD47siRNA, siCD47), and immunomodulator R848 were prepared by the double emulsification method. The hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of NP/PTX/siCD47/R848 were characterized. Established the tumor-bearing mice model of mouse breast cancer cell line (4T1) in situ and observed the effect of intravenous injection of NP/PTX/siCD47/R848 on the growth of 4T1 tumor in situ. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of drugs on tumor immune cells.

Results

NP/PTX/siCD47/R848 nano-drug with tumor therapeutic potential were successfully prepared by double emulsification method, with particle size of 121.5 ± 4.5 nm and surface potential of 36.1 ± 2.5 mV. The calreticulin on the surface of cell membrane and extracellular ATP or HMGB1 of 4T1 cells increased through treatment with NPs. NP/PTX-treated tumor cells could cause activation of BMDCs and BMDMs. After intravenous injection, NP/PTX could quickly reach the tumor site and accumulate for 24 h. The weight and volume of tumor in situ in the breast cancer model mice injected with nanomedicine through the tail vein were significantly lower than those in the PBS group. The ratio of CD8+/CD4+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment and the percentage of dendritic cells in peripheral blood increased significantly in breast cancer model mice injected with nano-drugs through the tail vein.

Discussion

Briefly, the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel can induce breast cancer to induce ICD. The nanomedicine which can deliver PTX, CD47siRNA, and R848 at the same time was prepared by double emulsification. NP/PTX/siCD47/R848 nano-drug can be enriched in the tumor site. The experiment of 4T1 cell tumor-bearing mice shows that the nano-drug can enhance tumor immunogenicity and inhibit breast tumor growth, which provides a new scheme for breast cancer treatment. (Graphical abstract)
Youngia lushanensis, a new species of Asteraceae from Sichuan, China, inferred from morphology and nrITS phylogeny
Authors: Peng Yulan , Pu Xuemei , Xiong Xianhua , Cheng Lijie
Published: December 2024

Youngia lushanensis (Asteraceae), a new species of Youngia, is described and illustrated from Lushan in Sichuan, Southwest China. Its systematic position is evaluated based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal ITS and on morphological comparison with related species. It is morphologically similar to Y. purpimea and Y. szechuanica, with purplish red abaxially leaves. But it differs from the latter two in that its caudex are glabrous, leaf margins are sparsely dentate, and being glabrous on both surfaces, 9-11 florets in each capitulum, and inner phyllaries are crested. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS also showed this new species is closely related with Y. purpimea and Y. szechuanica. The three species Y. lushanensis Y. purpimea and Y. szechuanica, formed a basal group of Youngia, which is distributed in moist slopes in Southwest China.
Understanding early maladaptive schemas in autistic and ADHD individuals: exploring the impact, changing the narrative, and schema therapy considerations
Authors: Spicer Liam , DeCicco Emma , Clarke Anna , Ambrosius Rikki , Yalcin Ozgur
Published: December 2024

Autistic/ADHD individuals are increasingly recognised as a valid minority group, with consistent research demonstrating a higher prevalence of co-occurring mental health conditions such as PTSD, anxiety, depression, substance use, and eating disorders among other mental health challenges. Due to this, there is increasing focus on the adaptations required for Autistic and ADHD individuals of current therapeutic approaches such as Schema Therapy. Particular emphasis when creating these adaptations needs to include looking at the developmental experiences, social influences, and continued adversity faced by Autistic and ADHD individuals across the lifespan, and how the narrative around Autism and ADHD within psychotherapy in general needs to change. This paper critically examines the role of attachment, unmet needs, and adverse childhood experiences in Autistic and ADHD individuals and the subsequent impact on schema development and maintenance and mental health. This will include an overview of the current literature in this area, reconsideration of understandings of Autism and ADHD, particular therapeutic considerations and adjustments and importantly discussion around the wider societal changes that need to occur to prevent schema development and reinforcement across the lifespan.
Development and validation of the Transgender Adolescent Stress Survey–Minority Stress (TASS-MS)
Authors: Goldbach Jeremy T. , Schrager Sheree M. , Wood Jules K. , O’Brien Rory P. , Dunlap Shannon L. , Rhoades Harmony
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aimed to create and validate a novel measure of gender-related minority stress in transgender and non-binary adolescents (TNBA). TNBA face higher risks of varied behavioral health concerns compared to their cisgender peers, a disparity often attributed to the presence of minority stress due to discrimination. To date, no comprehensive measures of gender-related minority stress exist for use with TNBA.

Method

The present study recruited a U.S. national sample (N = 444, aged 12–17; 65.5% White, 9.5% Black, 9.5% Latine, 15.5% other ethnicity; 34.7% transmasculine, 17.3% transfeminine, 38.3% non-binary, 9.5% agender) of TNBA. An initial item pool was developed from life history calendars, a modified Delphi process, and cognitive interviews with TNBA. Analytic methods including principal components analysis, item response theory, measurement invariance testing, and reliability analyses were conducted to establish the final scale. Concurrent validity was established across behavioral outcomes (mental health, suicidal thoughts and behavior, substance use), and convergent and divergent validity compared the Transgender Adolescent Stress Survey–Minority Stress (TASS-MS) to existing measures of gender-related minority stress.

Results

The TASS-MS and its subscales (disaffirmation, visibility and internalized transnegativity, family) were significantly associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, PTSD symptoms, suicidal behaviors, non-suicidal self-injury, marijuana, and prescription drug use. The TASS-MS was moderately and weakly correlated with convergent and divergent measures, respectively, indicating specificity to minority stress.

Conclusion

The TASS-MS is a reliable and valid measure for future research with TNBA. It is inclusive and usable by all gender minority adolescents, uses a standard simple scoring system, and assesses adolescent-specific stressors.
Mental health variables affecting Quality of Life (QOL) among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfaifi Amal Jaber , Abdaly Ahmed Yahia , Alallah Sultan Musa , Zaino Mohammad , El-Setouhy Maged
Published: December 2024

Background

Health workers directly involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and care of patients with COVID-19 are at risk of developing mental health symptoms.

Objective

The study aimed to assess the quality of life (QoL) of healthcare workers at Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Tertiary Hospital in Jazan during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the relationship between QoL and stress, anxiety, and depression. Pandemic.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among healthcare workers at Prince Mohammed bin Nasser Hospital in the Jazan. The study included a sample of 352 healthcare workers. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics and the 21-item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale questionnaire, SF-36, for QoL. Descriptive statistics, frequencies, and percentages were used. A chi-squared test was performed to compare categorical data. A one-way ANOVA was performed to compare the effect of disorder variables on QoL. Multiple linear regression analyses were carried out to discern the differences between the different groups of participants in QoL measures.

Results

Our results showed a poor QoL among those with a chronic disease (p = 0.002), who worked in the COVID-19 department (p = 0.030) and those who experienced the death of relatives or friends due to COVID-19 (p = 0.003).

Conclusion

Healthcare workers, particularly those with chronic diseases or who had lost relatives to COVID-19, exhibited significantly lower QoL levels, especially those working directly in COVID-19 departments.
Greater neural pattern similarity to the native language is associated with better novel word learning
Authors: Feng Yuan , Li Aqian , Qu Jing , Li Huiling , Liu Xiaoyu , Zhang Jingxian , Yang Jiayi , Mei Leilei
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Previous neuroimaging studies on bilingualism revealed that individuals tend to apply their native-language (L1) neural strategies to second language (L2) learning and processing. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how the utilization of the L1 neural strategies affects visual word learning in a new language.

Methods

To address this question, the present study scanned native Chinese speakers while performing implicit reading tasks before 9-day form-meaning learning in Experiment 1 and before 12-day comprehensive word learning in Experiment 2. To quantify the application of the L1 neural strategies in novel word learning, representational similarity analysis (RSA) was used to compute the neural pattern similarity (PS) between the L1 and artificial language (i.e., cross-language PS) before training.

Results

Univariate analysis revealed that reading both Chinese words (CWs) and artificial language words (ALWs) elicited activations in a typical reading network. More importantly, RSA revealed that greater pre-training cross-language PS in the left fusiform gyrus was associated with higher learning rate.

Discussion

These findings directly reveal the facilitating role of the L1 neural strategies in novel word learning and further extend the assimilation hypothesis from the utilization of the L1 neural network in L2 learning to its learning outcomes.
Comparative analysis of cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavior therapy in enhancing psychological capital among medical students: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dong Cexin , Zhao Jinfa , Wei Yating , Wu Deyuan , Cai Zhu
Published: December 2024

Background

Medical students are confronted with a complex stress environment, encompassing academic challenges, residency training, and future workplace pressures. Therefore, the exploration of effective psychological capital intervention strategies is crucial for enhancing their mental health and promoting career development.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in boosting the psychological capital of medical students and to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these two therapies.

Method

A randomized controlled trial was conducted, recruiting 56 second-year medical students, who were randomly assigned into three groups: GCBT intervention group, DBT intervention group, and control group. The intervention period lasted for 6 weeks, during which the GCBT and DBT groups received respective interventions, while the control group did not receive any intervention.

Results

Regardless of whether GCBT or DBT was used as an intervention, the psychological capital levels of the intervention group students showed significant improvement (mean ± SD, p < 0.05), with effect sizes ranging from 0.324 to 0.667. Further follow-up studies revealed that this improvement remained stable within 1 month post-intervention (mean ± SD, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Both group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) have been proven to be effective psychological intervention methods, capable of significantly enhancing the psychological capital of medical students. However, there are certain differences in their effects, providing diverse intervention options to cater to the varied psychological needs of medical students.
Art therapy and brain injury: making the invisible visible
Authors: Wolf Denise R. , Rattigan Michele D.
Published: December 2024

The multiple cognitive, somatic, and behavioral changes following head injuries can result in expressive language difficulties that may not be resolved quickly. This paper explores the traumatic brain injury and post-concussive syndrome artwork created by an art therapist and the child of an art therapist, making the invisible neurological consequences of head injuries visible. Our first-person and caregiver perspectives offer examples of visual arts-based communication between patients, health professionals, and family members. Utilizing client imagery as a form of communication may improve patient outcomes through the identification and resultant treatment of overlooked and underdiagnosed symptoms. Experiences such as confusion, fear, localized pain, and mood lability stem not only from the injury itself, but from the experience of damaged microstructures that are often undetectable in standard diagnostic testing. Additionally, symptoms such as temperature and appetite dysregulation, vestibular and proprioceptive disruptions, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders evade standard diagnostic inventories. This may prompt the patient to question the reality of their somatic and cognitive experiences. Research supports the position of the authors: these experiences can be communicated through client imagery, expediting healing and improving overall health. In the spontaneously created art traversing child and adult stages of development, we discovered multiple prevalent themes within the imagery too numerous to ignore. Practice recommendations will be discussed for both art therapists and interprofessional healthcare collaborators concerning the use of imagery and visual expression when working with those who have sustained traumatic brain injuries.
The regulative role and mechanism of BNST in anxiety disorder
Authors: Xie Mingjun , Xiong Ying , Wang Haijun
Published: December 2024

Anxiety disorders, common yet impactful emotional disturbances, significantly affect physical and mental health globally. Many neuron circuits are associated with anxiety regulation like septo-hippocampal loop, amygdala(AMYG), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), ventral hippocampus (vHPC), and brain regions like medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, the concrete mechanism of anxiety disorder in BNST is relatively unknown. Recent research showed BNST plays a critical role in modulating anxiety owing to its anatomical location and special circuit characteristics, which are considered to be a hub in the limbic system regulating anxiety. BNST consists with multiple subregions, which can project separately into different brain regions and exert projecting independently to various brain regions with distinct regulatory effects. Moreover, multiple signal pathways in BNST are reported to play significant roles in regulating anxiety and stress behavior. This review briefly describes anxiety disorders and subdivisions and functions of BNST, focusing on the main neural circuits that serve as fundamental pathways in both the genesis and potential treatment of anxiety disorders and the molecular mechanism of BNST on anxiety. The complexity of structures and mechanisms has facilitated the development of imaging techniques. Innovative multimodal imaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), have non-invasively illuminated BNST activities and their functional connections with other brain areas. These methodologies provide a deeper understanding of how BNST responds to anxiety-inducing stimuli, offering invaluable insights into its complex role in anxiety regulation. The continued exploration of BNST in anxiety research promises not only to elucidate fundamental neurobiological mechanisms but also to foster advancements in clinical treatments for anxiety disorders.
A study of impulsivity and adverse childhood experiences in a population health setting
Authors: Read Robert W. , Schlauch Karen A. , Elhanan Gai , Neveux Iva , Koning Stephanie , Cooper Takesha , Grzymski Joseph J.
Published: December 2024

As complex mental health traits and life histories are often poorly captured in hospital systems, the utility of using the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) for assessing adult disease risks is unknown. Here, we use participants from the Healthy Nevada Project (HNP) to determine if two standard self-assessments could predict the incidence and onset of disease. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving adult participants who completed the Behavioral and Mental Health Self-Assessment (HDSA) between September 2018 and March 2024. Impulsivity levels were measured using the BIS-15, and retrospective self-reports of ACEs were collected through a standardized questionnaire. In total, 17,482 HNP participants completed the HDSA. Our findings indicate that ACEs were significantly associated with impulsivity. Disease associations with impulsivity and ACEs were evaluated using a phenome-wide association study, identifying 230 significant associations with impulsivity. Among these, 44 were related to mental health diagnoses, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Kaplan–Meier survival estimates characterized the differences in the lifetime predicted probability between high and low impulsivity for major depressive disorder and essential hypertension. This analysis showed that having both high ACEs and high impulsivity confer substantial risk of MDD diagnosis (hazard ratios 2.81, 2.17, respectively). Additionally, lifetime predicted probability of MDD was approximately 40% higher for high ACEs and high impulsivity compared to no ACEs and low impulsivity. Essential hypertension demonstrated similar trends, with an approximate 20% increase in predicted lifetime probability of diagnosis. These results demonstrate that high ACES and elevated impulsivity scores are associated with a range of negative health outcomes and a simple self-assessment of complex traits and life history may significantly impact clinical risk assessments.
Non-communicable diseases related multimorbidity, catastrophic health expenditure, and associated factors in Ernakulam district
Authors: Joy Sarah , Sreedevi Aswathy , Bhaskaran Renjitha
Published: December 2024

Background

Multimorbidity, the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions in an individual, has emerged as a significant public health challenge with profound economic implications, exerting substantial strain on healthcare systems and economies worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) related multimorbidity, catastrophic health expenditure (CHE), and associated factors among adults aged ≥40 years in Ernakulam district.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 individuals aged ≥40 years using population probability sampling. The tools used were the Multimorbidity Assessment Questionnaire for Primary Care (MAQ-PC), the WHO STEPS Questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which assessed non-communicable diseases, diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and depression. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire collected data on health and household expenditures. Multimorbidity was defined as having two or more self-reported NCDs, and CHE was identified when health costs exceeded 10% of a household’s expenditure in the past month. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to find independent predictors of multimorbidity and CHE.

Results

The mean age of participants was 60.02 ± 10 years. The prevalence of NCD multimorbidity was 42.6% (95% CI: 37.9–47.3%). The most common dyad was diabetes and hypertension (24.5, 95% CI: 20.4–28.6%). Higher odds of multimorbidity were observed in those aged ≥60 years (aOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.95–4.73), unmarried/widowed/divorced (aOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.28–3.63), unemployed (aOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.14–2.87), and tobacco users (aOR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.85–7.48). Approximately 32.4% (95% CI: 25.5–39.3%) of households incurred catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) by treating adults with multimorbidity. Age ≥ 60 (aOR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.99–5.77) and use of outpatient services (aOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.01–8.32) were independently associated with higher odds of CHE. IP services and each additional morbidity add ₹22,082.37 (β = 0.557, p < 0.001, 95% CI: ₹17,139.88– ₹27,024.86) and ₹1,278.75 (β = 0.128, p = 0.044, 95%CI: ₹35.58–₹2,521.92) to healthcare costs, respectively.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of multimorbidity and associated CHE among individuals over 60 years highlights the urgent need for the National Programme for the Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases to prioritise multimorbidity and its management, especially above 60 years within this age group.
Evaluation of large language models under different training background in Chinese medical examination: a comparative study
Authors: Zhang Siwen , Chu Qi , Li Yujun , Liu Jialu , Wang Jiayi , Yan Chi , Liu Wenxi , Wang Yizhen , Zhao Chengcheng , Zhang Xinyue , Chen Yuwen
Published: December 2024

Background

Recently, Large Language Models have shown impressive potential in medical services. However, the aforementioned research primarily discusses the performance of LLMs developed in English within English-speaking medical contexts, ignoring the LLMs developed under different linguistic environments with respect to their performance in the Chinese clinical medicine field.

Objective

Through a comparative analysis of three LLMs developed under different training background, we firstly evaluate their potential as medical service tools in a Chinese language environment. Furthermore, we also point out the limitations in the application of Chinese medical practice.

Method

Utilizing the APIs provided by three LLMs, we conducted an automated assessment of their performance in the 2023 CMLE. We not only examined the accuracy of three LLMs across various question, but also categorized the reasons for their errors. Furthermore, we performed repetitive experiments on selected questions to evaluate the stability of the outputs generated by the LLMs.

Result

The accuracy of GPT-4, ERNIE Bot, and DISC-MedLLM in CMLE are 65.2, 61.7, and 25.3%. In error types, the knowledge errors of GPT-4 and ERNIE Bot account for 52.2 and 51.7%, while hallucinatory errors account for 36.4 and 52.6%. In the Chinese text generation experiment, the general LLMs demonstrated high natural language understanding ability and was able to generate clear and standardized Chinese texts. In repetitive experiments, the LLMs showed a certain output stability of 70%, but there were still cases of inconsistent output results.

Conclusion

General LLMs, represented by GPT-4 and ERNIE Bot, demonstrate the capability to meet the standards of the CMLE. Despite being developed and trained in different linguistic contexts, they exhibit excellence in understanding Chinese natural language and Chinese clinical knowledge, highlighting their broad potential application in Chinese medical practice. However, these models still show deficiencies in mastering specialized knowledge, addressing ethical issues, and maintaining the outputs stability. Additionally, there is a tendency to avoid risk when providing medical advice.
Impacts of LULC and climate change on runoff and sediment production for the Puyango-Tumbes basin (Ecuador-Peru)
Authors: Peña-Murillo Robinson , Lavado-Casimiro Waldo , Bourrel Luc
Published: December 2024

Climate change will cause alterations in the hydrological cycle, a topic of great relevance to the scientific community due to its impacts on water resources. Investigating changes in hydrological characteristics at the watershed level in the context of climate change is fundamental for developing mitigation and adaptation strategies against extreme hydrological events. This study aimed to analyze the impacts of climate change on flow and sediment production in the Puyango-Tumbes watershed. Projected climate data from CMIP6 were used, corrected through a bias adjustment process to minimize discrepancies between model data and historical observations, ensuring a more accurate representation of climate behavior. The analysis combined two representative climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5) with two land use and land cover (LULC) scenarios: (a) an optimistic scenario with reduced anthropogenic effects (LULC_1985) and (b) a pessimistic scenario reflecting future impacts (LULC_2015). The SWAT model estimated future flow and sediment production for two periods (2035-2065 and 2070-2100), following model calibration and validation against the reference period 1981-2015 at three hydrometric stations: Pindo, Puyango, and El Tigre, located in Ecuador and Peru. The simulations revealed a significant increase in sediment generation under the pessimistic scenario SSP5-8.5, followed by SSP2-4.5, while lower sediment yields were observed in the optimistic scenarios. Even in the best-case scenario (optimistic SSP2-4.5), sediment yields remained substantially higher than the reference conditions. Additionally, higher flows were anticipated in some scenarios, with the El Tigre station in the lower watershed being the most affected area. These findings underscore the high probability of more frequent flooding events due to increased sediment yields and flow variability. The results highlight the urgent need for implementing adaptation measures, such as improved land use management and hydrological infrastructure, to enhance social resilience and mitigate the impacts of climate change in the watershed.
Gamified experience design: a case study on China's immersive tourist blocks in historic cities
Authors: Zheng Yuqi , Zhang Jiayi , Li Jinsha
Published: December 2024

Introduction

In the context of the internet economy era, historic cities face increasing pressure to attract tourists through effective urban design strategies. Immersive districts, particularly in historic Chinese cities, have emerged as an innovative approach to enhance tourism experiences, achieving notable success. This paper explores the use of immersive design strategies in the Guitanglou (簋唐楼) district in Xi'an, China, with a focus on gamification theory.

Methods

The study employs in-depth interviews and content analysis to examine the design strategies employed in the Guitanglou immersive district. Through these methods, the research investigates how immersive experiences can be used to enhance tourist engagement in historic sites.

Results

The research introduces a “4S” design model, consisting of Scene, Socialization, Story, and Stimulus. The model suggests that by innovating design within these four key areas, tourists can engage more deeply with the immersive district, resulting in stronger cultural resonance and emotional connections.

Discussion

This study offers new insights into tourism and urban design, highlighting how immersive districts can serve as effective platforms for disseminating historical and cultural values. The findings suggest that leveraging communication strategies familiar to digital natives can create a balance between cultural preservation and economic growth, offering a fresh perspective on urban design in historic settings.