bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factores críticos de formación tecnológica en las universidades acreditadas de El Salvador
Authors: Guzmán Rivera José Francisco
Published: June 2019

La educación tecnológica es aquella vertiente de la educación que promueve instancias de aprendizaje, permite a los estudiantes una base de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes (competencias cognitivas) para desenvolverse adecuadamente como creadores, elaboradores y usuarios críticos de la tecnología (competencias productivas), preparándolos para ser actores del desarrollo que manejan la tecnología al servicio de las necesidades humanas (competencias sociales).Esta área del sistema educativo tiene por objeto, despertar en los estudiantes, la toma de conciencia de la creciente importancia y presencia del mundo, desarrollar la capacidad operativa que les permita, como ciudadanos, participar en su evolución y control, lo que implica reflexionar críticamente acerca de los problemas del mundo productivo, manejar los conocimientos y habilidades que les posibiliten desenvolverse con idoneidad, solvencia, responsabilidad y creatividad al afrontar problemas o circunstancias, buscando colaborar en mejorar la calidad de vida de la sociedad.
Relación entre los niveles de acceso a la educación superior de los reclusos y la calidad y eficacia de las políticas públicas educativas, en el sistema penitenciario nacional
Authors: Esperanza Amaya José Miguel , Fernández Orellana Oscar Antonio
Published: June 2019

Desde un inicio la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) ha expresado claramente su gran inquietud respeto al trato de los prisioneros en todo tipo de instituciones. La experiencia histórica y los estudios científicos realizados por expertos profesionales en materia de reclusión, penalistas, criminólogos, psicólogos, sociólogos y penitenciaritas, han ido moldeando las políticas y convenciones emanadas de la ONU.Todo este trabajo ha permitido que se ponga especial interés en las cuestiones penitenciarias y la situación relativa al manejo de los que transgreden las leyes penales. Todo esto es lógico pues la creación de la ONU continúa siendo el imperio de la razón, la justicia y el derecho en el marco de las consecuencias de la devastadora guerra mundial que recién terminaba.
Incidencia de los factores criminógenos en el desarrollo de las conductas antisociales en El Salvador
Authors: Orantes Blanca Ruth
Published: June 2019

La sociedad salvadoreña se ha visto afectada en gran medida por los índices delincuenciales, los cuales, a pesar de los programas y estrategias implementados por el gobierno para combatirla, no han sido suficientes o no han dado los frutos deseados, cual es, la disminución de la delincuencia.Algunos de los programas y estrategias que se pueden mencionar son el endurecimiento del sistema penal, supresión de algunas garantías constitucionales y diversidad de programas reactivos en contra del crimen, tales como "la súper mano dura", "ofensiva en contra de la delincuencia" y la más reciente "Cruzada contra la delincuencia".
Relación entre el desempeño profesional del docente y eficacia de los métodos de formación universitaria
Authors: Esperanza Amaya José Miguel , Fernández Orellana Oscar Antonio
Published: June 2019

A pesar de este punto de encuentro, de este espacio compartido por quienes están facultados a tomar decisiones en educación universitaria, que es el problema que nos ocupa, debemos decir que no se percibe el mismo grado de coincidencia en la implementación de acciones concretas.El nuevo esquema económico mundial que coloca al conocimiento y a la información en un plano privilegiado, en general se considera que la educación pública y especialmente la superior es ineficiente y por lo ramo constituye un desperdicio de recursos. Gran parte de esta responsabilidad se les traslada a los docentes, pero "en 1987 el 30% de los profesores de América Latina y el Caribe no tenían título de maestro".
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 11, No. 3
Authors: Chen William
Published: June 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Applied Physics Research, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2019
Meaning and Morality
Authors: Kipke Roland , Rüther Markus ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: June 2019

The debate on how an individual human life can be understood as being more or less meaningful has been pursued for a considerable time now. Despite extensive discussion some important aspects remain under-explored, namely the relation between meaningfulness and morality – even though many authors implicitly assume a connection between these two value dimensions. But how does morality contribute to a meaningful life? Is it a necessary condition? Or is it not necessary but sufficient or contributive? Or is there, when explored further, no connection at all? This article discusses the relation between morality and meaning by outlining the central positions in the debate, explains the main arguments for and against, and offers some indications for future work in the field.
Perfil de encaminhamentos ao pré-natal de alto risco do município de Aracaju/SE
Authors: Santos Anne Karolline Silva , Soares Milene Zaiana Pereira
Published: June 2019

Os objetivos são identificar quais os motivos dos encaminhamentos de gestantes ao pré-natal de alto risco do município de Aracaju-SE no ano de 2016, assim como verificar o índice de gestantes inseridas no programa após o encaminhamento e identificar a faixa etária e idade gestacional dessas gestantes encaminhadas. A pesquisa é de caráter descritivo, documental retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa que avaliou 704 encaminhamentos de gestantes ao Pré-Natal de Alto Risco, utilizando os dados da Planilha de Controle da Regulação ao Pré-Natal de Risco do município de Aracaju/SE, durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2016. A síndrome hipertensiva foi a patologia mais prevalente, representando 21,59% das patologias mais encaminhadas ao serviço de alto risco. Em relação a faixa etária, o maior percentual de encaminhamentos encontra-se entre 25 a 29 anos (21,73%). Referente a idade gestacional, gestantes com até 22 semanas são encaminhadas com maior frequência ao serviço de maior complexidade. A maioria das gestantes encaminhadas a este serviço é inserida no pré-natal de alto risco (88,78%). Conclui-se que os maiores motivos de encaminhamentos ao pré-natal de alto risco, no município de Aracaju, são por complicações patológicas. Além disso, as gestantes com faixa etária entre 25 e 29 anos e idade gestacional < 22 semanas são as mais encaminhadas a este serviço.
Métodos parasitológicos aplicados em espécimes de solo e água em setores do município de Guaraí/TO
Authors: Martins Naissa Paula Ferreira , Souza Walquiria Sidneu de , Mota Mara Soares de Almeida
Published: June 2019

As parasitoses são consideradas um problema de saúde pública devido à deficiência no saneamento básico em diversas cidades brasileiras. Resultante disto, as pessoas contraem doenças parasitárias que, embora sejam de fácil tratamento, ainda não foram erradicadas. Além disso, as companhias de abastecimento de água e pesquisas ambientais não desenvolvem pesquisas parasitológicas, o que contribui para que a população continue leiga no assunto e vulnerável aos parasitos. Com base nisto, o objetivo deste estudo foi a aplicação de métodos parasitológicos na avaliação da contaminação da água e solo de alguns setores do município de Guaraí em busca de protozoários e helmintos. Para o desenvolvimento, foi realizado uma pesquisa de campo em amostras coletadas em alguns setores do município e pesquisa literária de caráter descritivo, qualitativo e exploratório, por meio de livros, artigos científicos, dissertação e monografia pesquisados nos sites Google Acadêmico e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Foi obtido também dados de resultados de exames parasitológicos de fezes positivos em dois laboratórios da cidade e informações sobre o saneamento básico e parasitoses no Brasil por meio dos sites do Departamento de Informática do SUS (DATASUS) e Trata Brasil. Para a análise da água foi realizado os métodos direto a fresco, sedimentação espontânea (Hoffmann) e centrifugo-sedimentação, a análise do solo foi através de Hoffmann e Rugai. Os principais parasitos encontrados na água foram cistos de Endolimax nana e Giardia lamblia e Trofozoíto de Ballantidium coli; no solo, as principais espécies identificadas foram Entamoeba coli e larva de Strongyloide stercoralis.
Microbial Mediated Production of Bio-ethanol from the Rhizome of Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. (Spear Grass)
Authors: Stanley H. O. , Gbaje V. B. , Agbagwa I. O. , Okoli B. E. , Ugboma C. J.
Published: June 2019

The microbial mediated production of bio-ethanol from the rhizome of Imperata cylindrica (spear grass) was carried out in this research work. Proximate analysis of the rhizome was done to determine the protein, carbohydrate, moisture, ash, lipid, and fibre contents. Sugar profile analysis was carried out using Gas Chromatography (GC).  The sugars obtained from the rhizome include ribose, xylose, arabinose, rhamnose, fructose, glucose, maltose, lactose, and sucrose. Ethanol yield increased simultaneously from day 5 to day 20 for all reactors in six different experimental design i.e, Saccharomyces cerevisiae alone; Serratia marcescens alone, Aspergillus flavus + Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Apergillus  flavus + Saccharomyces cerevisiae + Serratia marcescens; Aspergillus flavus + Serratia marcescens including the control (containing no microorganism). The highest ethanol yield was achieved at pH 7 and temperature range between 280C to 380C. The reducing sugar decreased from 0.37 to 0.03 g/mol as the period of incubation increased while cell density increased from 0.1 to 0.68 nm as the period of incubation increased. Reactor containing co-cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Serratia marcescens and Aspergillus flavus in combination produced the highest ethanol yield at day 20 while the reactor containing only Serratia sp produced the lowest ethanol yield. This study has demonstrated that the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Serratia marcescens and Aspergillus flavus co-cultures is more effective in bio-ethanol production using I. cylindrica (spear grass) compared to individual cultures.
Production of Fungal Laccase under Solid State Bioprocessing of Agroindustrial Waste and Its Application in Decolourization of Synthetic Dyes
Authors: Vandelun Ado Benjamin , Anthony Onilude Abiodun , Apeh Oluma Hyacinth Ocheigwu , Mabitine Daniel Malo
Published: June 2019

Fungal laccases are preferred due to high redox potentials and low substrate specificity to xenobiotics including synthetic dyes. For large-scale applications, low enzyme yield and high cost of production has remained the challenge. Agroindustrial waste such as saw-dust of Terminalia superba abounds locally and was utilized as low-cost alternative substrate for laccase production in Solid State Bioprocessing (SSB) using Trametes sp. isolate G31. The study optimized laccase production using various parameters. Optimal production of laccase was at pH 5.0 - 7.0 with 2356 U/mL - 2369 U/mL and 25°C (2336 U/mL). Among the sources of nitrogen and carbon tested, laccase production in ammonium sulphate and sucrose supplemented media were higher. The effect of activators on laccases production showed that Cu2+ and Ca2+induced high titres of laccase at 4 -5 mM and 2 - 4 mM respectively, while production of laccase by Mn2+ was significantly high at 40 mM. The effect of 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol and varatryl alcohol on laccase production was significantly different especially in glycerol. Optimum production for laccase was on day 14 with 2356 U/mL followed by steady declined up to day 34. The purified laccase had a specific activity of 5008 µmol/min/mg, purification factor of 3.85, and a molecular mass of ~40 kDa using N-PAGE. The potential of crude laccase to decolourize diverse dyes was tested. Phenol red achieved 40% decolourization for 1hr, while RBBR (93%), Crystal violet (60%), Methylene blue (53%) and Congo red (51%) for 24 hr, 72 hr, 48 hr and 120 hr respectively. Methyl red and Malachite green attained 42% (72 hr) and 32% (48 hr) decolourization. The enzyme ability to oxidize Phenol red and other synthetic dyes without mediators made it eco-friendly in treating dye wastewaters.
Perturbation Solutions to Fifth Order Over-damped Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Roshid Harun-Or- , Ali M. Zulfikar , Dey Pinakee , Akbar M. Ali
Published: June 2019

Fifth order over-damp nonlinear differential systems can be used to describe many engineering problems and physical phenomena occur in the nature. In this article, the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii (KBM) method has been extended to investigate the solution of a certain fifth order over-damp nonlinear systems and desired result has been found. The implementation of the presented method is illustrated by an example. The first order analytical approximate solutions obtained by the method for different initial conditions show a good agreement with those obtains by numerical method.
Agronomic and Bromatological Traits of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã as Affected by Nitrogen Rates and Cutting Heights
Authors: Avelino Anne Caroline Dallabrida , Faria Dayana Aparecida De , Penso Sarah , Lima Daniel de Oliveira Souza , Rodrigues Rosane Cláudia , Abreu Joadil Gonçalves De , Cabral Luciano da Silva , Peixoto Wender Mateus
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the bromatological traits of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Piatã submitted to different cutting heights and nitrogen (N) rates. A randomized complete block design with sixteen treatments and four replications was used. The treatments arranged in 4x4 factorial arrangement, comprised four cutting heights (8, 16, 24 and 32 cm) and nitrogen rates (0, 100, 200, 300 kg N ha-1). N rates were applied after a standardization cutting. Agronomic traits comprised number of tillers, dry mass, leaf blade pseudocolus ratio and amount of senescent material. Bromatological traits of morphological components leaf blade and pseudostem comprised crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and mineral matter (MM). In the first and second cuttings, maximum yields were obtained at 16 and 32 cm cutting heights combined with N rates of 180.5 and 230.5 kg ha-1, respectively. No interaction was observed between N rates and cutting heights. It was concluded that 16 and 24 cm cutting heights combined with N rates of 200 and 300 kg ha-1 improved agronomic and bromatological traits of Brachiaria with a better efficiency in pasture system.
Providing Information through Smart Platforms: An Applied Study on Academic Libraries in Saudi Universities
Authors: Abdulla Mohammed A. , Esmaeel Abdulla M.
Published: June 2019

Information services using smart platforms have become one of the demands of this era since the much of information centres' users prefer using them for their speed and simplicity, capacity and efficiency in collecting vast amounts of information that meets the user's needs. Smartphones have spread out globally in a dramatic form, which means that libraries and information centres are now facing tremendous challenges to meet the needs of its users.

This study aims at highlighting the efforts of the Library Information Services Specialists' of providing information services by the use of smart platforms that have been applied in Saudi Academic Libraries and Centres, which have delivered the said services. The main requirements for offering information services via smart platforms in the academic libraries and Information Centers were considered the subject of the study (Saudi academic Library and Resource centres at Saudi Universities). However, the significance of the study relies on empowering the researchers and students to have the means of free access to the research, studies, and all sources of digital information via their smartphones.

The study consists of two parts, applied and theoretical fields in its methodology. The implementation of the applied research involved conducting a survey among the information services providers at the Saudi academic Libraries and Resource centres at Saudi Universities. Several users of the said libraries have conducted well-planned interviews with 156 information professionals and researchers to identify their views, insights, and opinions on the benefits of offering information services via smart platforms. The theoretical part took from the resources’, references and websites that discussed the aforementioned topic. Also addressed were its obstacles facing the said services in the era of information technology as the study sought to find out the answer.
Poverty, Vulnerability, Non-timber Forest Products and Rural Livelihood: An Indian Experience
Authors: Rai Jeetesh
Published: June 2019

Poverty, vulnerability as well as rural livelihoods are all complex and dynamic themes making it difficult to achieve. Households may respond differently to risk depending on factors such as the household’s socio-economic class, its lifecycle stage, its exposure to risk, its asset base and the coping strategies at their disposal. Rural households invest in a diversity of livelihood strategies and assets in order to spread potential risk and provide a buffer against vulnerability. Whilst some see this diversity as an inevitable poverty trap, households diversify as a means of coping as well as in response to changing opportunities and constraints. This paper argues that in India better management of forests and forest products like Non-Timber Forest Products can protect the rural poor - especially the forest dwellers, from the poverty trap, climatic vulnerability and insecure livelihood.
Mycoflora Associated with Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) from Ad Darb, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Manzelat Syeda Fatima
Published: June 2019

Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) is a very important and commonly growing tree found in Saudi Arabia. The fruit is nutritionally important and adds to the economy of the country. Isolation and identification of the phytopathogenic mycoflora is an important tool in the diagnosis of the pathogenic genera which are damaging to the palm under study. This is the first attempt to isolate and identify the phytopathogenic fungal flora found on the phylloplane and other plant parts of date palm from Ad Darb region of Jizan province during the year 2018. The media employed for the study was Potato Dextrose Agar on which 0.5 cm direct pieces of the diseased parts (phylloplane, fruit, rachis and trunk) of the date palm were inoculated. The isolated fungi were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively and the results interpreted in the form of table, bar diagram and photomicrographs. The mycoflora is represented by Aspergillus, Botrytis, Ceratocystis, Fusarium, Graphiola, Penicillium, Rhizopus ,Saprolegnia and Syncephalastrum. One hundred and fifty four fungal isolates were obtained from the nine represented genera. Aspergillus was the predominant genera with seventy four isolates. This study will help in the protection and conservation of this very important plant in the province. The study can also help the plant pathologist in disease forecasting and effective monitoring of the different diseases of the date palm thereby helping in the management and minimization of economic loss.
TP53INP2 mediates autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated proteins through its ubiquitin‐interacting motif
Authors: Xu Yinfeng , Wan Wei
Published: June 2019

The tumor protein p53‐inducible nuclear protein 2 (TP53INP2) has been reported to participate in autophagy by interacting with autophagosome‐localized autophagy‐related protein 8 (Atg8) family proteins, including LC3. Here, we uncover a novel function for TP53INP2 in the autophagic degradation of proteins. We identify the ubiquitin‐interacting motif (UIM) of TP53INP2 that mediates its binding to ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins. TP53INP2 lacking the UIM is able to displace autophagic adaptor p62 from LC3, which leads to accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in cells. Furthermore, overexpression of TP53INP2 lacking the UIM sensitizes cells to chloroquine treatment. Our findings indicate that TP53INP2 may act as a novel autophagic adaptor through recruiting ubquitinated substrates to autophagosomes for degradation.
Aggression against middle and high school teachers: Duration of victimization and its negative impacts
Authors: Moon Byongook , McCluskey John , Morash Merry
Published: June 2019

Prior research indicates that student aggression against teachers is widespread, and it has negative impacts on victimized teachers’ emotional and physical well‐being and job performance. However, little is known about the relationship between the recency and duration of victimization and teachers’ thoughts about quitting the teaching profession and related job dissatisfaction and disconnectedness to school. Analyses of data from a longitudinal study of 1,236 US teachers fills these gaps. The study found that many teachers experienced theft/vandalism and sexual harassment victimization that was limited to just 1 year. In contrast, sizeable proportions of teachers experienced verbal abuse and nonphysical contact aggression that occurred over 2 years. Multiple regression analyses showed that teachers who reported recent or multiyear victimization had lower levels of connectedness to school, less job satisfaction, and more thoughts about ending their teaching careers. These results may indicate that unless victimization recurs, negative effects of victimization are contemporaneous and are less likely to persist. Additional research is needed to examine victimization over longer than 2 years, investigate the effects of the frequency of different types of aggression against teachers, and identify school policies and interventions that weaken the connection of victimization to negative outcomes.
Nanoparticle Reshaping and Ion Migration in Nanocomposite Ultrafast Ionic Actuators: The Converse Piezo–Electro–Kinetic Effect
Authors: Chiolerio Alessandro , Perrone Denis , Roppolo Ignazio , Rizza Giancarlo , Risplendi Francesca , Stassi Stefano , Laurenti Marco , Rajan Krishna , Chiappone Annalisa , Bocchini Sergio , Cicero Giancarlo , Pandolfi Paolo , Bejtka Katarzyna , Coulon Pierre‐Eugène , Ricciardi Carlo , Pirri Candido Fabrizio
Published: June 2019

This article reports on the effect of silver nanoparticles (NPs), used as active fillers, on the piezoelectric response of polymer composites. In particular, it is demonstrated that the application of a periodic electric field drives a collective drift of surface atoms of the NPs along the field direction (“electrokinetic effect”) which, in turn, creates macroscopic reversible tensile states. Overdriving the system, in high‐field conditions, the electronic current is counterbalanced by a massive injection of Ag+ ions into the matrix, producing a metastable exceptional expansion of the device. For similitude with the converse piezoelectric effect, it has been called the converse piezo–electro–kinetic effect. By using in situ spectroscopy, vibrometric analysis, real‐time UV‐visible spectroscopy, in situ electrical transmission electron microscopy, and in qualitative form ab initio and finite element method numerical simulations, i) the injection of ions from the NPs to the matrix, ii) the surface migration‐induced NP reshaping, and iii) the NP migration and consequent percolation path adjustments are shown. The implications of this study are significant for the development of ultrafast soft ionic actuators and create the premises for a broad range of applications in smart materials and devices.
Controlled Surface Modification of ZnO Nanostructures with Amorphous TiO2 for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Gasparotto Alberto , Maccato Chiara , Sada Cinzia , Carraro Giorgio , Kondarides Dimitris I. , Bebelis Symeon , Petala Athanasia , La Porta Andrea , Altantzis Thomas , Barreca Davide
Published: June 2019

The utilization of solar radiation to trigger photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has gained interest for sustainable energy production. In this study, attention is focused on the development of ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposite photoanodes. The target systems are obtained by growing porous arrays of highly crystalline, elongated ZnO nanostructures on indium tin oxide (ITO) by chemical vapor deposition. Subsequently, the obtained nanodeposits are functionalized with TiO2 via radio frequency‐sputtering for different process durations, and subjected to final annealing in air. Characterization results demonstrate the successful formation of high purity composite systems in which the surface of ZnO nanostructures is decorated by ultra‐small amounts of amorphous titania, whose content can be conveniently tailored as a function of deposition time. Photocurrent density measurements in sunlight‐triggered water splitting highlight a remarkable performance enhancement with respect to single‐phase zinc and titanium oxides, with up to a threefold photocurrent increase compared to bare ZnO. These results, mainly traced back to the formation of ZnO/TiO2 heterojunctions yielding an improved photocarrier separation, show that the target nanocomposites are attractive photoanodes for efficient PEC water splitting.
Insights from Machine Learning Techniques for Predicting the Efficiency of Fullerene Derivatives‐Based Ternary Organic Solar Cells at Ternary Blend Design
Authors: Lee Min‐Hsuan
Published: June 2019

Ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) have progressed significantly in recent years due to the sufficient photon harvesting of the blend photoactive layer including three absorption‐complementary materials. With the rapid development of highly efficient ternary OSCs in photovoltaics, the precise energy‐level alignment of the three active components within ternary OSC devices should be taken into account. The machine‐learning technique is a computational method that can effectively learn from previous historical data to build predictive models. In this study, a dataset of 124 fullerene derivatives‐based ternary OSCs is manually constructed from a diverse range of literature along with their frontier molecular orbital theory levels, and device structures. Different machine‐learning algorithms are trained based on these electronic parameters to predict photovoltaic efficiency. Thus, the best predictive capability is provided by using the Random Forest approach beyond other machine‐learning algorithms in the dataset. Furthermore, the Random Forest algorithm yields valuable insights into the crucial role of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels of organic donors in the performance of ternary OSCs. The outcome of this study demonstrates a smart strategy for extracting underlying complex correlations in fullerene derivatives‐based ternary OSCs, thereby accelerating the development of ternary OSCs and related research fields.
Testing landmark redundancy for sex‐based shape analysis of the adult human os coxa
Authors: Robertson Heather I. , Pokotylo David L. , Weston Darlene A.
Published: June 2019

Objectives

To test the individual effectiveness of common landmarks used in sex estimation of whole adult coxal bones in sex‐based shape analysis and propose a method to determine how many principal components of sex‐based shape to include for discriminant function analysis.

Methods

Three‐dimensional models (NextEngine desktop laser scanner) of left and right os coxae from 396 individuals (William Bass Skeletal Collection, Forensic Anthropology Centre, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN) were subjected to shape analysis using 32 landmarks (Landmark 3.6, Institute for Data Analysis and Visualization). Each landmark was individually removed and subjected to a new principal component analysis to identify the effect omitting a landmark has on PC1/PC2 ordination. Landmarks that poorly discriminated sex‐based shape were considered redundant for analysis on sex estimation.

Results

This study identified 17 landmarks that represent sex‐based shape of right and left coxal bones most effectively, these are: the anterior superior iliac spine; posterior superior iliac spine; posterior inferior iliac spine; iliac crest; apex of the auricular surface; greater sciatic notch; ischial spine; superior, inferior and distal points on ischial tuberosity; superior, inferior and midpoint on the symphyseal face; arcuate eminence; ischiopubic ramus; posterosuperior and anterosuperior points on the acetabular rim. The first and second PCs of the 17‐landmark configuration correctly predicted sex in 98.5% of cases; better than a 32‐landmark configuration (96%) and better than previous landmark studies on whole coxal bone sex‐based shape.

Conclusions

These 17 landmarks represent more meaningful data for sex‐based shape analysis in PC1 and 2 and concentrate meaningful sex‐based shape data to the first five PCs that make up over 50% of the total shape variance.
The ADR Inclusion Network: Addressing Diversity Collectively
Authors: Volpe Maria R. , Sproule Sheila M.
Published: June 2019

Addressing diversity in the dispute resolution field, as in many other contexts, has gained widespread attention in recent years. For example, see the Institute for Inclusion in the Legal Profession at www.theiilp.com, and the recent American Bar Association Resolution 105 aimed at increasing diversity in the dispute resolution field (available at http://bit.ly/2INrMys).
Phosphanyl Cyanophosphide Salts: Versatile PCN Building Blocks
Authors: Li Zhongshu , Borger Jaap E. , Müller Fabian , Harmer Jeffrey R. , Su Cheng‐Yong , Grützmacher Hansjörg
Published: June 2019

The facile preparation of alkali salts of phosphanyl cyanophosphides [NHP‐PCN]− (NHP=N‐heterocyclic phosphenium) is reported. Their formation is achieved by isoelectronic replacement of O for [N]− in the phosphaketenes NHP‐PCO using alkaline hexamethyldisilazide M[N(SiMe3)2] (M=Na, K) as reagent. The new anionic entities are versatile PCN building blocks which allow the formation of a diversity of new cyanophosphine derivates including the first example of a PCNB hetero‐cumulene and a PCN‐ligated transition metal complex.
A Terminal Iridium Oxo Complex with a Triplet Ground State
Authors: Delony Daniel , Kinauer Markus , Diefenbach Martin , Demeshko Serhiy , Würtele Christian , Holthausen Max C. , Schneider Sven
Published: June 2019

A terminal iridium oxo complex with an open‐shell (S=1) ground state was isolated upon hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) from the respective iridium(II) hydroxide. Electronic structure examinations support large spin delocalization to the oxygen atom. Selected oxo transfer reactions indicate the ambiphilic reactivity of the iridium oxo moiety. Calorimetric and computational examinations of the HAT revealed a bond dissociation free energy for the IrO−H bond that is sufficient for hydrogen atom abstraction towards C−H bonds and small contributions from entropy and spin–orbit coupling to the HAT thermochemistry.
Inverting Small Molecule–Protein Recognition by the Fluorine Gauche Effect: Selectivity Regulated by Multiple H→F Bioisosterism
Authors: Bentler Patrick , Bergander Klaus , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Jumde Ravindra P. , Hirsch Anna K. H. , Gilmour Ryan
Published: June 2019

Fluorinated motifs have a venerable history in drug discovery, but as C(sp3)−F‐rich 3D scaffolds appear with increasing frequency, the effect of multiple bioisosteric changes on molecular recognition requires elucidation. Herein we demonstrate that installation of a 1,3,5‐stereotriad, in the substrate for a commonly used lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens does not inhibit recognition, but inverts stereoselectivity. This provides facile access to optically active, stereochemically well‐defined organofluorine compounds (up to 98 % ee). Whilst orthogonal recognition is observed with fluorine, the trend does not hold for the corresponding chlorinated substrates or mixed halogens. This phenomenon can be placed on a structural basis by considering the stereoelectronic gauche effect inherent to F−C−C−X systems (σ→σ*). Docking reveals that this change in selectivity (H versus F) with a common lipase results from inversion in the orientation of the bound substrate being processed as a consequence of conformation. This contrasts with the stereochemical interpretation of the biogenetic isoprene rule, whereby product divergence from a common starting material is also a consequence of conformation, albeit enforced by two discrete enzymes.
Reinforced thin‐film composite nanofiltration membranes: Fabrication, characterization, and performance testing
Authors: Turken Turker , Sengur‐Tasdemir Reyhan , Sayinli Burcu , Urper‐Bayram Gulsum Melike , Ates‐Genceli Esra , Tarabara Volodymyr V. , Koyuncu Ismail
Published: June 2019

Hollow‐fiber (HF) membranes have the advantage of a higher packing density compared to flat‐sheet and spiral‐wound configurations. However, the low pressure tolerance of HF membranes limits their applications in nanofiltration (NF). In this study, reinforced thin‐film composite (r‐TFC) HF NF membranes were fabricated and evaluated in tests with water containing different salts and organic matter. Reinforced polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes were used as a support for a polyamide layer prepared from piperazine and trimesoyl chloride monomers. The interfacial polymerization conditions were optimized via selection of the trimesoyl chloride reaction time that gave the highest membrane performance. A specific permeate flux of 5.1 L m–2h–1bar–1, an MgSO4rejection of 69%, and an NaCl rejection of 26% at a transmembrane pressure of 6 bars were obtained with the optimized r‐TFC membranes. Performance studies with water characterized by synthetic solution demonstrated removals of the total organic carbon, ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm, and turbidity in excess of 65, 80, and 90%, respectively. The results of this study illustrate the feasibility of manufacturing r‐TFC HFs and using them in water‐treatment applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48001.
First attempts towards the restoration of gorgonian populations on the Mediterranean continental shelf
Authors: Montseny Maria , Linares Cristina , Viladrich Núria , Olariaga Alejandro , Carreras Marc , Palomeras Narcís , Gracias Nuno , Istenič Klemen , Garcia Rafael , Ambroso Stefano , Santín Andreu , Grinyó Jordi , Gili Josep‐Maria , Gori Andrea
Published: June 2019

In the Mediterranean Sea, gorgonians are among the main habitat‐forming species of benthic communities on the continental shelf and slope, playing an important ecological role in coral gardens.

In areas where bottom trawling is restricted, gorgonians represent one of the main components of trammel net bycatch. Since gorgonians are long‐lived and slow‐growing species, impacts derived from fishing activities can have far‐reaching and long‐lasting effects, jeopardizing their long‐term viability. Thus, mitigation and ecological restoration initiatives focusing on gorgonian populations on the continental shelf are necessary to enhance and speed up their natural recovery.

Bycatch gorgonians from artisanal fishermen were transplanted into artificial structures, which were then deployed at 85 m depth on the outer continental shelf of the marine protected area of Cap de Creus (north‐west Mediterranean Sea, Spain). After 1 year, high survival rates of transplanted colonies (87.5%) were recorded with a hybrid remotely operated vehicle.

This pilot study shows, for the first time, the survival potential of bycatch gorgonians once returned to their habitat on the continental shelf, and suggests the potential success of future scaled‐up restoration activities.
The Microbiome Mediates Environmental Effects on Aging
Authors: Finlay Brett B. , Pettersson Sven , Melby Melissa K. , Bosch Thomas C. G.
Published: June 2019

Humans’ indigenous microbes strongly influence organ functions in an age‐ and diet‐dependent manner, adding an important dimension to aging biology that remains poorly understood. Although age‐related differences in the gut microbiota composition correlate with age‐related loss of organ function and diseases, including inflammation and frailty, variation exists among the elderly, especially centenarians and people living in areas of extreme longevity. Studies using short‐lived as well as nonsenescent model organisms provide surprising functional insights into factors affecting aging and implicate attenuating effects of microbes as well as a crucial role for certain transcription factors like forkhead box O. The unexpected beneficial effects of microbes on aged animals imply an even more complex interplay between the gut microbiome and the host. The microbiome constitutes the major interface between humans and the environment, is influenced by biosocial stressors and behaviors, and mediates effects on health and aging processes, while being moderated by sex and developmental stages.
Effect of synthesis method and chemical reagents on the structural parameters, particle size, and optical and photoluminescence properties of ZnS nanostructures
Authors: Ghanaatian Jobzari Hossein , Iranmanesh Parvaneh , Sabet Mohammad , Saeednia Samira
Published: June 2019

In this experimental study, ZnS nanostructures were synthesized using two hydrothermal and co‐precipitation methods with different precursors. Different reagents and precursors were changed to obtain the best product size and morphology. The structure and crystal phase of the products were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Some structural parameters were calculated using the XRD results and a product composition was obtained by energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra to study the chemical composition. The size and morphology of ZnS nanostructures were obtained by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical properties of the synthesized ZnS nanostructures were examined using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra to estimate the optical band gap. Band gap energies were higher than those in the ZnS bulk sample, mainly due to quantum size effects. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the products were investigated using PL spectra. The results showed the effect of two factors, namely synthesis method and chemical reagents, on the structure parameters, crystallite size, product size and morphology, and optical and PL properties.
Structural and Functional Characterization of 4‐Hydroxyphenylacetate 3‐Hydroxylase from Escherichia coli
Authors: Deng Yifan , Faivre Bruno , Back Olivier , Lombard Murielle , Pecqueur Ludovic , Fontecave Marc
Published: June 2019

The hydroxylation of phenols into polyphenols, which are valuable chemicals and pharmaceutical products, is a challenging reaction. The search for green synthetic processes has led to considering microorganisms and pure hydroxylases as catalysts for phenol hydroxylation. Herein, we report the structural and functional characterization of the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)‐dependent 4‐hydroxyphenylacetate 3‐monooxygenase from Escherichia coli, named HpaB. It is shown that this enzyme enjoys a relatively broad substrate specificity, which allows the conversion of a number of non‐natural phenolic compounds, such as tyrosol, hydroxymandelic acid, coumaric acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and its methyl ester, and phenol, into the corresponding catechols. The reaction can be performed by using a simple chemical assay based on formate as the electron donor and the organometallic complex [Rh(bpy)Cp*(H2O)]2+ (Cp*: 1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylcyclopentadiene, bpy: 2,2′‐bipyridyl) as the catalyst for FAD reduction. The availability of a crystal structure of HpaB in complex with FAD at 1.8 Å resolution opens up the possibility of the rational tuning of the substrate specificity and activity of this interesting class of phenol hydroxylases.
Distance versus Capillary Flow Dynamics‐Based Detection Methods on a Microfluidic Paper‐Based Analytical Device (μPAD)
Authors: Chung Soo , Jennings Christian M. , Yoon Jeong‐Yeol
Published: June 2019

In recent years, there has been high interest in paper‐based microfluidic sensors or microfluidic paper‐based analytical devices (μPADs) towards low‐cost, portable, and easy‐to‐use sensing for chemical and biological targets. μPAD allows spontaneous liquid flow without any external or internal pumping, as well as an innate filtration capability. Although both optical (colorimetric and fluorescent) and electrochemical detection have been demonstrated on μPADs, several limitations still remain, such as the need for additional equipment, vulnerability to ambient lighting perturbation, and inferior sensitivity. Herein, alternative detection methods on μPADs are reviewed to resolve these issues, including relatively well studied distance‐based measurements and the newer capillary flow dynamics‐based method. Detection principles, assay performance, strengths, and weaknesses are explained for these methods, along with their potential future applications towards point‐of‐care medical diagnostics and other field‐based applications.
Energieeffizienzsteigerung in der Prozesswasseraufbereitung – Untersuchungen zu Bildungsmechanismen von Silikatbelägen
Authors: Blauth Franziska , Schiemann Bettina
Published: June 2019

Untersuchungen zu Bildungsmechanismen von Silikatbelägen auf Umkehrosmosemembranen und deren morphologische Ausprägung werden vorgestellt. Es werden relevante Einflussfaktoren auf die Bildung von Belägen betrachtet und die einzelnen Mechanismen beschrieben. Weiterhin werden die wesentlichen Charakterisierungsmerkmale für die Untersuchung von Silikatbelägen festgelegt, die angewendeten Analysemethoden beschrieben und Einblicke in die Probenpräparation gegeben.
Forschungsinnovative
Authors: Berger Mona
Published: June 2019

Das für seine Wirbelschichttechnologie bekannte Weimarer Unternehmen Glatt Ingenieurtechnik ist ein gefragter Technologiepartner für kundenspezifische Verfahren und Produkte. Die technologische Expertise wird auch in der Spitzenforschung geschätzt, wie der nachfolgende überblick über die aktuellen Forschungsprojekte zeigt, an denen Glatt beteiligt ist.
Eine Welt voller Sensoren
Authors: Hartleb Jörg
Published: June 2019

Die Industrie 4.0 ist digitaler Erfolgstreiber und beschleunigt die Vernetzung von Menschen, Anlagen, Assets und Systemen. Für Industrieunternehmen ist entscheidend, inwieweit sich Geräte und Anlagenkomponenten in die neue digitale Infrastruktur integrier
Eine nahezu transparente Emulsion
Authors: Ahlers Ulrich
Published: June 2019

GEA Homogenisatoren werden in pharmazeutischen und kosmetischen Anwendungen eingesetzt und erzielen bereits seit vielen Jahren hervorragende Resultate in Bezug auf Zellaufschluss und Emulgiereffekte. Mit dem NiSoX‐Ventil verändert GEA das Homogenisierungsverfahren zu Verarbeitung von Mikro‐ und Nanoemulsionen für die Chemie‐, Pharmaund Kosmetikindustrie grundlegend.
Feasibility of relatively low neoadjuvant radiation doses for locally advanced rectal cancer: A propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Ye Wenyuan , Shi Liming , Qian Liwen , Sun Yikan , Sun Xiaonan
Published: June 2019

Background

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy is part of the standard treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Although various options for modifying preoperative radiotherapy protocols have been researched and proposed, there is still no consensus as to the most appropriate dose regimen of neoadjuvant therapy for this disease.

Aim

To evaluate the effects of relatively low‐dose radiation regimens on tumor regression and clinical outcomes in rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT followed by mesorectal excision.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively analyzed patients with LARC who underwent neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) in our hospital from June 2010 to December 2015. A total of 259 consecutive patients were enrolled, receiving 42 to 44 Gy (RLD, n = 31), 46 Gy (SD1, n = 69), or 50 Gy (SD2, n = 159) of CRT, combined with either capecitabine/oxaliplatin or capecitabine only or mFOLFOX6, followed by total mesorectal excision. A 1:4 propensity score matching was employed, and all patients in the RLD group were matched with 124 patients in the SD2 group. Rates of pCR, 3‐year local/regional recurrence (LRR), overall survival (OS), and disease‐free survival (DFS) in the RLD group were all not significantly different (0.313 for pCR; 0.884 for LRR; and 0.762 for OS; 0.101 for DFS) from those in SD1 and SD2 groups. The RLD group showed a lower incidence of grade 3 to 4 hematologic toxicity than SD2 group (0.019). A propensity score analysis demonstrated no significant differences in the pCR rates and 3‐year outcomes between the RLD and SD2 group.

Conclusion

Relatively low‐dose regimen (≤44 Gy) of neoadjuvant CRT combined with standard concurrent chemotherapy appears to be both safe and effective in Chinese patients with LARC. Further testing by prospective randomized trials is needed.
Importance of measuring endolysosome, cytosolic, and extracellular pH in understanding the pathogenesis of and possible treatments for glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Halcrow Peter W. , Khan Nabab , Datta Gaurav , Ohm Joyce E. , Chen Xuesong , Geiger Jonathan D.
Published: June 2019

Background

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a very aggressive form of brain cancer that carries with it a tragically poor prognosis. As with many other forms of cancer, the extracellular environment near GBM tumors is acidified and is relevant to the pathogenesis of GBM because decreased pH promotes tumor cell invasion, increases angiogenesis, decreases immune surveillance, and increases resistance to possible treatments. Recently, vacuolar ATPase (v‐ATPase), a proton pump that helps maintain the acidic environment in endosomes and lysosomes (hereafter referred to endolysosomes) as well as proton gradients across the plasma membrane, was identified as a novel therapeutic target for GBM. However, information is lacking about cancer cell and tissue pH of endolysosomes, cytosol, and extracellular fluid.

Aims

Here, we measured endolysosome, cytosolic, and extracellular pH in U87MG cells in the absence and presence of the v‐ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1.

Methods

In vitro measurements of U87MG cells were conducted using LysoSensor dye and a Lysosome‐RFP dye for lysosome pH, BCECF‐AM for cytosolic pH, and a pH‐sensitive microprobe for extracellular pH.

Results

Bafilomycin A1 increased endolysosome pH from 5.28 to 5.57, decreased cytosolic pH from 7.01 to 6.46, and increased extracellular pH from 7.18 to 7.40.

Conclusions

Here, we report the ability to make pH measurements in U87MG glioblastoma cells and discuss these results in the context of GBM pathogenesis and possible treatment. This might be of some importance in understanding the pathogenesis of GBM because the highly regulated stores of hydrogen (H+) ions in endolysosomes can influence cytosolic and extracellular pH as well as the distribution, numbers, and sizes of endolysosomes.