bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized multiherbal combination and in vivo anti-skin aging potential: a randomized double blind placebo controlled study
Authors: Poomanee Worrapan , Yaowiwat Nara , Pattarachaidaecharuch Tunpidcha , Leelapornpisid Pimporn
Published: April 2023

The present study aimed to optimize a multi-herbal combination exerting the greatest antioxidant property using statistical method for anti-skin aging application as well as to elucidate its in vivo safety and anti-skin aging potential. The multi-herbal combination was optimized using a two-level, full factorial approach by exploring the correlation between the concentrations (0–3%w/v) of three extracts from Centella asiatica (CA), Momordica cochinchinensis (MA), Phyllanthus emblica (EM). An anti-skin aging emulsion containing the optimized combination was then developed and evaluated for its physicochemical characteristics with its stability under storage conditions. The in vivo anti-skin aging potential of the emulsion was subsequently investigated among 60 women in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Skin hydration, elasticity and wrinkles at eye and cheek areas were measured at baseline, after 30 and 60 days of application. Before performance testing, in vivo skin irritation was evaluated using the patch test and homogeneity between groups was also statistically analyzed. According to the model describing the significant main effects of each extract and interaction effects between extracts on percent inhibition against DPPH radicals, the best multi-herbal combination consisted of 3%w/v EM and 3%w/v CA. The developed emulsion containing the combination presented smooth soft texture with good stability in terms of physical characteristics and biological property. Regarding the clinical study, no skin erythema and edema was reported among in all volunteers. After 60 days of application, significantly improved skin hydration, elasticity and wrinkles were observed in the test group. In addition, significantly reduced wrinkles were observed after 60 days in both skin areas of the test group. The anti-skin aging emulsion containing this optimized combination exhibited good safety and performance. Ultimately, this product comprises an effective anti-skin aging formulation for applications.
Selective detection of peroxynitrite using an isatin receptor and a naphthalimide fluorophore
Authors: Wu Yueci , Han Hai-Hao , He Liu , Li Li , Zang Yi , Li Jia , He Xiao-Peng , Ding Yaping , Cao Weiguo , James Tony D.
Published: April 2023

A turn-on isatin receptor based naphthalimide fluorescent probe encapsulated in PEG was used to rapidly detect peroxynitrite in cells.
Adsorption and dynamics of linear and mono-branched hexane isomers in MIL-140 metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Zhao Hengli , Silva José A. C. , Henrique Adriano , Nouar Farid , Serre Christian , Maurin Guillaume , Ghoufi Aziz
Published: April 2023

Recent breakthrough experiments revealed the iso-reticular Zr-MOFs, MIL-140B and MIL-140C, as promising sorbents for the separation of C6 isomers.
3D pill-structured Ti-MOF@S composite cathodes for high-performance Li–S batteries
Authors: Zhu Chengyao , Wang Jin , Xu Guiying , Du Xuan , Chen Chuxin , Yang Xiangwei , Bao Chongjun , Gao Guo
Published: April 2023

The 3D pill-structured Ti-MOF@S composites have been successfully developed as cathodes for high-performance Li–S battery. The cathode exhibited an outstanding initial capacity of 1249 mA h g−1 at 0.5C and good reversibility after 100 cycles.
Conjugation-length dependence of regioregular oligo 3-alkyl(thienylene-vinylene)s demonstrates polyene-like behaviour with weak electron–electron correlations
Authors: Polak Daniel W. , Andrews Iain , Farrow George , Musser Andrew J. , Auty Alex , Chekulaev Dimitri , Weinstein Julia A. , Heeney Martin , Clark Jenny
Published: April 2023

A time-resolved spectroscopic study of 3-alkyl(thienylene-vinylene) oligomers which sheds light on their photophysical behaviour, assigning them to be a polyene-like system.
Measuring T1 relaxation in paramagnetic solids with solid-state NMR: a case study on the milling induced phase transition in Li6CoO4
Authors: Guo Nianrui , Geng Fushan , Lu Guozhong , Jiang Xinbiao , Li Chao , Hu Bingwen , Shen Ming
Published: April 2023

A site-specific solid-state NMR T1 relaxation measurement method is developed to study the ball-milling induced phase transition in Li6CoO4.
Iontronic microscopy of a tungsten microelectrode: “seeing” ionic currents under an optical microscope
Authors: Zhang Zhu , Faez Sanli
Published: April 2023

We apply EDL-modulation microscopy to one of the main components of amperometric measurement devices: a microelectrode.
Ionothermal carbonization of sugarcane bagasse in imidazolium tetrachloroferrate ionic liquids: effect of the cation on textural and morphological properties
Authors: Aldroubi Soha , El-Sakhawy Mohamed , Kamel Samir , Hesemann Peter , Mehdi Ahmad , Brun Nicolas
Published: April 2023

We demonstrate the possibility to control both textural and morphological properties of ionochars through cation engineering for the ionothermal carbonization of sugarcane bagasse.
Interfacial activity and Pickering stabilization of kraft lignin particles obtained by solvent fractionation
Authors: Tian Jing , Chen Jingqian , Wang Peipei , Guo Jiaqi , Zhu Wenyuan , Khan Mohammad Rizwan , Jin Yongcan , Song Junlong , Rojas Orlando J.
Published: April 2023

Upgrading lignin particles with controlled morphology and amphiphilicity to investigate the stabilization mechanism in Pickering systems is reported.
Correction: Fully-automated and field-deployable blood leukocyte separation platform using multi-dimensional double spiral (MDDS) inertial microfluidics
Authors: Jeon Hyungkook , Jundi Bakr , Choi Kyungyong , Ryu Hyunryul , Levy Bruce D. , Lim Geunbae , Han Jongyoon
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘Fully-automated and field-deployable blood leukocyte separation platform using multi-dimensional double spiral (MDDS) inertial microfluidics’ by Hyungkook Jeon et al., Lab Chip, 2020, 20, 3612–3624, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0LC00675K.
Theoretical study on the relationship between the molecular structures and optoelectronic properties of aromatic-fluorinated sumanene derivatives
Authors: Chen Xi , Liu Xinpeng , Pu Xin , Gao Simeng , Wei Wei , Bai Fu-Quan
Published: April 2023

The relationship between the structures and optoelectronic properties of sumanene and its aromatic-fluorinated derivatives has been systematically studied in depth.
Correction: Theoretical prediction of the electronic structure, optical properties and photocatalytic performance of type-I SiS/GeC and type-II SiS/ZnO heterostructures
Authors: Sabir S. S. , Din H. U. , Ahmad Sheraz , Alam Q. , Sardar S. , Amin B. , Farooq M. , Nguyen Cuong Q. , Nguyen Chuong V.
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘Theoretical prediction of the electronic structure, optical properties and photocatalytic performance of type-I SiS/GeC and type-II SiS/ZnO heterostructures’ by S. S. Sabir et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 7436–7442, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra01061a.
Open cell foam materials as Pd reservoirs for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling catalysis at ppb level
Authors: Jabbari-Hichri Amira , Bourouina Amine , Biard Pierre-François , Denicourt-Nowicki Audrey , Roucoux Alain , Zanota Marie-Line , Campoli Fabrice , de Bellefon Claude , Meille Valérie
Published: April 2023

Pd-coated foams release trace amounts of palladium for the continuous Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with very low pressure drop.
Messenger functions of cell death during development and homeostasis
Authors: Fort Loic
Published: April 2023

In our human society, would you not want to know if your neighbor suddenly passed away? Tissues and cells are not that different. Cell death is an inevitable part of tissue homeostasis and comes in different flavors that can either be a consequence of an injury or a regulated phenomenon (such as programed cell death). Historically, cell death was viewed as a way to discard cells, without functional consequences. Today, this view has evolved and recognizes an extra layer of complexity: dying cells can provide physical or chemical signals to notify their neighbors. Like any type of communication, signals can only be read if surrounding tissues have evolved to recognize them and functionally adapt. This short review aims to provide a summary of recent work interrogating the messenger functions and consequences of cell death in various model organisms.
Psychrophilic enzymes: strategies for cold-adaptation
Authors: Collins Tony , Feller Georges
Published: April 2023

Psychrophilic organisms thriving at near-zero temperatures synthesize cold-adapted enzymes to sustain cell metabolism. These enzymes have overcome the reduced molecular kinetic energy and increased viscosity inherent to their environment and maintained high catalytic rates by development of a diverse range of structural solutions. Most commonly, they are characterized by a high flexibility coupled with an intrinsic structural instability and reduced substrate affinity. However, this paradigm for cold-adaptation is not universal as some cold-active enzymes with high stability and/or high substrate affinity and/or even an unaltered flexibility have been reported, pointing to alternative adaptation strategies. Indeed, cold-adaptation can involve any of a number of a diverse range of structural modifications, or combinations of modifications, depending on the enzyme involved, its function, structure, stability, and evolutionary history. This paper presents the challenges, properties, and adaptation strategies of these enzymes.
The role of magnetic fields in the formation of multiple massive stars
Authors: Mignon-Risse R. , González M. , Commerçon B.
Published: April 2023

Context. Most massive stars are located in multiple stellar systems. Magnetic fields are believed to be essential in the accretion and ejection processes around single massive protostars.

Aims. Our aim is to unveil the influence of magnetic fields in the formation of multiple massive stars, in particular on the fragmentation modes and properties of the multiple protostellar system.

Methods. Using RAMSES, we follow the collapse of a massive pre-stellar core with (non-ideal) radiation-(magneto-)hydrodynamics. We choose a setup that promotes multiple stellar system formation in order to investigate the influence of magnetic fields on the multiple system’s properties.

Results. In the purely hydrodynamical models, we always obtain (at least) binary systems following the fragmentation of an axisymmetric density bump in a Toomre-unstable disk around the primary sink. This result sets the frame for further study of stellar multiplicity. When more than two stars are present in these early phases, their gravitational interaction triggers mergers until there are only two stars left. The following gas accretion increases their orbital separation, and hierarchical fragmentation occurs so that both stars host a comparable disk as well as a stellar system that then also forms a similar disk. Disk-related fragmenting structures are qualitatively resolved when the finest resolution is approximately 1/20 of the disk radius. We identify several modes of fragmentation: Toomre-unstable disk fragmentation, arm-arm collision, and arm-filament collision. Disks grow in size until they fragment and become truncated as the newly formed companion gains mass. When including magnetic fields, the picture evolves: The primary disk is initially elongated into a bar; it produces less fragments; disk formation and arm-arm collision are captured at comparatively higher resolution; and arm-filament collision is absent. Magnetic fields reduce the initial orbital separation but do not affect its further evolution, which is mainly driven by gas accretion. With magnetic fields, the growth of individual disks is regulated even in the absence of fragmentation or truncation.

Conclusions. Hierarchical fragmentation is seen in unmagnetized and magnetized models. Magnetic fields, including non-ideal effects, are important because they remove certain fragmentation modes and limit the growth of disks, which is otherwise only limited through fragmentation.
The F-CHROMA grid of 1D RADYN flare models
Authors: Carlsson Mats , Fletcher Lyndsay , Allred Joel , Heinzel Petr , Kašparová Jana , Kowalski Adam , Mathioudakis Mihalis , Reid Aaron , Simões Paulo J. A.
Published: April 2023

Context. Solar flares are the result of the sudden release of magnetic energy in the corona. Much of this energy goes into accelerating charged particles to high velocity. These particles travel along the magnetic field and the energy is dissipated when the density gets high enough, primarily in the solar chromosphere. Modelling this region is difficult because the radiation energy balance is dominated by strong, optically thick spectral lines.

Aims. Our aim is to provide the community with realistic simulations of a flaring loop with an emphasis on the detailed treatment of the chromospheric energy balance. This will enable a detailed comparison of existing and upcoming observations with synthetic observables from the simulations, thereby elucidating the complex interactions in a flaring chromosphere.

Methods. We used the 1D radiation hydrodynamics code RADYN to perform simulations of the effect of a beam of electrons injected at the apex of a solar coronal loop. A grid of models was produced, varying the total energy input, the steepness, and low-energy cutoff of the beam energy spectrum.

Results. The full simulation results for a grid of models are made available online. Some general properties of the simulations are discussed.
Application of PCCS Method to PV Generation System with Half Bridge Inverter
Authors: Kotani Kazuki , Itako Kazutaka
Published: April 2023

A Power Conditioning System (PCS) for a PV power generation system obtains the maximum power from a photovoltaic (PV) array by Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), but losses in the inverter are a factor in lowering the power obtained by the MPPT. The generation of harmonic currents is also a problem for PCS. This paper proposes the application of the Peak Current Control Switching (PCCS) method in PCS for PV Generation System using a half bridge inverter. The half bridge inverter improves efficiency by reducing the number of switching elements and further suppresses harmonic currents by controlling them using the PCCS method. In this paper, a comparative simulation of the conventional Hysteresis Current Control (HCC) method and the proposed PCCS method is performed using a half bridge inverter. The results of harmonic analysis and comparative simulation of total harmonic distortion (THD) show that the PCCS method generates harmonic components near the switching frequency, and that the proposed PCCS method always has a lower distortion rate than the conventional HCC method.
Écrouir le fluage des sols mous par préchargement
Authors: Baguelin François
Published: April 2023

Dans le cas de construction d’un remblai sur un site de sols mous, le préchargement est souvent utilisé, conjointement avec des drains verticaux, pour réduire, d’une part, le délai de construction et, d’autre part, l’amplitude du tassement en service. Une méthode de calcul de l’écrouissage du fluage est présentée dans ces conditions sur la base du modèle de fluage de Bjerrum (1967 : Engineering geology of Norvegian normally-consolidated marine clays as related to settlements of buildings. Géotechnique 17: 81–118). On illustre son application sur le chantier des parkings du magasin IKEA à Bayonne, avec sa confrontation aux mesures de tassement sur un an.
Medizinisches Cannabis
Authors: Kramer Johannes , Pogarell Oliver
Published: April 2023

Es liegen Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit von Cannabinoiden bei psychischen Störungen vor, jedoch fehlen ausreichende große, randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien mit Replikation. Der genaue Effekt von Cannabinoiden auf die Psychopathologie der jeweiligen Störungen konnte ebenfalls nicht mit hinreichender Evidenz belegt werden. Es ergaben sich jedoch keine Hinweise auf schwerwiegende Nebenwirkungen. Allgemeine Empfehlungen zum Einsatz von Cannabinoiden bei psychischen Störungen sind nicht möglich, dennoch kann in Einzelfällen bei fehlender Neigung zu Substanzgebrauchsstörungen der Einsatz von Cannabinoiden durchaus sinnvoll sein, insbesondere bei Patienten mit komorbiden Schmerzstörungen.
Akute psychiatrische Störungsbilder und medizinische Notfälle im Zusammenhang mit dem Gebrauch von Cannabinoiden
Authors: Gahr Maximilian
Published: April 2023

Cannabinoidkonsum ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für zahlreiche akute Erkrankungen assoziiert. Die bedeutsamsten akuten psychiatrischen Störungen durch Cannabinoidkonsum sind Intoxikationen. Diese können sich als Delir oder akute Psychose präsentieren. Cannabinoidkonsum erhöht insbesondere bei Adoleszenten das Risiko für Suizidalität und selbstverletzende Verhaltensweisen. Gelegentlich können Cannabinoidentzugssyndrome eine akute Therapie erfordern. Chronischer Cannabinoidkonsum kann zum Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome führen, das durch episodische, stereotype und akute Übelkeit mit Erbrechen und abdominellen Schmerzen charakterisiert ist. Cannabinoidkonsum hat möglicherweise prokonvulsive Effekte. Chronischer Cannabinoidkonsum führt zu zahlreichen pathologischen respiratorischen Veränderungen, die sich von denen des Tabakrauchens unterscheiden. Das Risiko für plötzlichen Herztod und kardio- und neurovaskuläre Erkrankungen wie Myokardinfarkt, akutes Koronarsyndrom, Vorhof- und Kammerflimmern, periphere arterielle Durchblutungsstörungen und Schlaganfall ist bei chronischem Cannabinoidkonsum erhöht. Cannabinoidkonsum ist zudem mit plötzlichem Tod und Suizid assoziiert. Die Toxizität und das Risiko für die genannten Erkrankungen sind bei synthetischen Cannabinoiden im Allgemeinen größer als bei Produkten aus Cannabis sativa. Cannabinoidkonsum sollte bei der Versorgung der genannten akuten Störungen berücksichtigt werden.
Cannabis-Verordnungen und Kostenübernahme von gesetzlicher und privater Krankenversicherung
Authors: Reuter Wolfgang
Published: April 2023

Seit 2017 ist die Verordnung von medizinischem Cannabis zulasten der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (GKV) durch das Gesetz grundsätzlich erlaubt. Der behandelnde Arzt muss hinsichtlich der Symptome und der Vortherapie des Patienten nur bestimmte, ebenfalls gesetzlich festgelegte Bedingungen berücksichtigen.

Die Verordnungsfähigkeit von Cannabis umgeht durch dieses Gesetz den normalen, durch das AMNOG festgelegten Prozess der Überprüfung neuer Methoden und Therapien, für die die GKV aufkommen soll. Eine systematische Begleiterhebung mit anschließender Auswertung durch die Bundesopiumstelle soll dieses Manko ausgleichen. Die gesetzliche Regelung des Freizeitgebrauchs von Cannabis ist ein verwandtes, aber separat zu diskutierendes Thema.
Lone Pair Participation in a Decarboxylation Reaction: A New Design of a Boradecarboxylation Reaction
Authors: Naruse Yuji , Takamori Atsushi , Oda Kenji , Kosugi Takuya
Published: April 2023

For the mechanism of decarboxylation reactions, all textbooks state that electrons move from the πC=O bond. However, the most electron-donating bond orbital in the carbonyl group is expected to be the lone pair(s) on the oxygen. Thus, orbital theory with delocalization from a lone pair might be more appropriate than delocalization from the πC=O orbital. We confirmed this idea by theoretical calculations. In the transition state of 2-substituted β-keto acids, a boat conformation is expected to result in the exclusive generation of (E)-enols. Normally, the decarboxylation reaction occurs in polar solvents, so the resulting enols should be transformed into the corresponding ketones by tautomerization. The use of heteroatoms to obtain enolate or enol ethers without tautomerization would offer a diastereoselective enol(ate) synthesis with regioselectivity because the C=C double bond would always be introduced between two carbonyl groups. After screening heteroatoms by theoretical calculations, we found that boron is suitable for this purpose. We confirmed our idea by theoretical calculations, offering a new boradecarboxylation reaction for the diastereo- and regioselective production of enolates.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Comparing Drainage Alone versus Drainage with Primary Fistula Treatment for the Perianal Abscess in Children
Authors: Sun Yanting , Hao Shuang , Zhang Xi , Liang Hongtao , Yao Yibo , Lu Jingen , Wang Chen
Published: April 2023

This systematic review and meta-analysis of nonrandomized studies (NRSs) aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of two types of surgical interventions (respectively drainage alone and drainage with primary fistula treatment) for perianal abscesses (PAs) in children. Studies from 1992 to July 2022 were searched in 10 electronic databases. All relevant NRSs with available data which compared surgical drainage with or without primary fistula treatment were included. Patients with underlying diseases which led to abscess formation were excluded. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias and quality of the included studies. The outcomes were the healing rate, fistula formation rate, fecal incontinence, and wound healing duration. A total of 16 articles with 1,262 patients were considered suitable for the final meta-analysis. Primary fistula treatment was associated with a significantly higher healing rate when compared with incision and drainage alone (odds ratio [OR]: 5.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.04–8.22). This aggressive procedure for PA resulted in an 86% reduction in the fistula formation rate (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06–0.32). Limited data showed patients who underwent primary fistula treatment have a minor effect on postoperative fecal incontinence. Primary fistula treatment demonstrates a better clinical efficacy in promoting the healing rate and decreasing the formation of fistulas in PAs in children. The available evidence for a minor impact on anal function after this intervention is less strong.
Evaluating Disparities in Pathways to Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Wang Sabrina M. , Njoroge Moreen W. , Mundy Lily R. , Sergesketter Amanda R. , Stukes Bryanna , Shammas Ronnie L. , Langdell Hannah C. , Geng Yisong , Hollenbeck Scott T.
Published: April 2023

Background Rates of postmastectomy breast reconstruction have been shown to vary by racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic factors. In this study, we evaluated disparities across pathways toward breast reconstruction.

Methods All women who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer at a single institution from 2017 to 2018 were reviewed. Rates of discussions about reconstruction with breast surgeons, plastic surgery referrals, plastic surgery consultations, and ultimate decisions to pursue reconstruction were compared by race/ethnicity.

Results A total of 218 patients were included, with the racial/ethnic demographic of 56% white, 28% Black, 1% American Indian/Native Alaskan, 4% Asian, and 4% Hispanic/Latina. The overall incidence of postmastectomy breast reconstruction was 48%, which varied by race (white: 58% vs. Black: 34%; p < 0.001). Plastic surgery was discussed by the breast surgeon with 68% of patients, and referrals were made in 62% of patients. While older age (p < 0.001) and nonprivate insurance (p < 0.05) were associated with lower rates of plastic surgery discussion and referral, it did not vary by race/ethnicity. The need for an interpreter was associated with lower rates of discussion (p < 0.05). After multivariate adjustment, a lower reconstruction rate was associated with the Black race (odds ratio [OR] = 0.33; p = 0.014) and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 (OR = 0.14; p < 0.001). Elevated BMI did not disproportionately lower breast reconstruction rates in Black versus white women (p = 0.27).

Conclusion Despite statistically equivalent rates of plastic surgery discussions and referrals, black women had lower breast reconstruction rates versus white women. Lower rates of breast reconstruction in Black women likely represent an amalgamation of barriers to care; further exploration within our community is warranted to better understand the racial disparity observed.
Strategiepapier: Lauterbachs digitaler Neustart
Authors: Doelfs Guntram , Kohrs Jens
Published: April 2023

Der Bundesgesundheitsminister will der Digitalisierung des Gesundheitswesens mit einem Gesetzespaket auf die Sprünge helfen. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt ist die für alle automatisch eingerichtete ePA samt Opt-out-Verfahren. Nicht nur die Regeln für den Widerspruch sorgen für Widerspruch.
Gesundheitskongress des Westens 2023: Raus aus dem Krisenmanagement, rein in eine nachhaltige Zukunft
Authors: Kleine Diana
Published: April 2023

Für Veränderungen im Gesundheitswesen gilt es, dicke Bretter zu bohren. Am 3. und 4. Mai werden beim Gesundheitskongress des Westens in Köln Menschen zu Wort kommen, die mit Zähigkeit brisante Themen anpacken und zeigen, wie es auch anderenorts gehen könnte.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Robotik: Die EU macht Dampf
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: April 2023

Die Entwicklung von medizinischen Lösungen der künstlichen Intelligenz und Robotik dauert in der Europäischen Union aufgrund komplexer Regularien sehr lang. Um diesen Nachteil im internationalen Wettbewerb zu beseitigen, forscht das Projekt TEF-Health an der beschleunigten Zulassung dieser Lösungen.
Positionierungs- und Trackingtechnologie: Optimierte Strahlentherapie bei Brustkrebs
Authors: Zips Daniel , Senger Carolin
Published: April 2023

Ein neuer herzschonender Deep-Inspiration-Breath-Hold-Workflow (DIBH) verbessert bei Patientinnen mit linksseitigem Mammakarzinom die Behandlungsqualität, sorgt für mehr Lebensqualität während der Therapie und kürzere Liegezeiten sowie für ein erleichtertes Handling im Routinebetrieb der Klinik.
Textbots: Was mit ChatGPT & Co. auf die Kliniken zukommt
Authors: Reisinger Kathrin
Published: April 2023

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) hält seit längerem schrittweise Einzug in alle Bereiche der Medizin. Doch mit dem intelligenten Sprachsystem „ChatGPT“ bahnt sich jetzt ein regelrechter Quantensprung in der KI an. In absehbarer Zeit auch für die Kliniken.
Cybersicherheit von Medizingeräten: Fundamental unsicher
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: April 2023

Das Verbundprojekt „MITSicherheit.NRW“ hat neue Instrumente zur Schwachstellenanalyse medizinischer IT-Strukturen in Krankenhäusern entwickelt. Mit ihrer Hilfe haben die Experten der Fachhochschule Münster gravierende Sicherheitslücken aufgedeckt.
UKSH-Mobilitätsstation: Millionen für die Zweiräder
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: April 2023

Auf seinem Kieler Campus investiert das UKSH mehr als 14 Millionen Euro für eine dreigeschossige Fahrrad-Mobilitätsstation mit rund 1 340 Plätzen. Eine Photovoltaikanlage auf dem Dach soll kostenlosen Ladestrom für E-Bikes liefern.
Impact of video-based learning in business statistics: a longitudinal study
Authors: Lewis Naowarat , Lewis Rhidian , Luca Cristina
Published: April 2023

Many undergraduate business students in the United Kingdom (UK) find themselves during the initial stages of their degree programmes required to study numerical subjects which, for many, have not been encountered since completing compulsory education. This paper considers the utilisation of a technology-based approach in order to support first-year undergraduate students engage with and achieve in the business numeracy subject area. The purpose of this paper is providing background introduction to new pedagogy through the use of technology. Through a longitudinal study conducted within a modern university in the UK over a 11-year period (2006–2017), this paper qualifies the impact of a video-based learning (VBL) approach on the achievement profiles of first-year undergraduate students within a modern business school. Results indicate that the use of a VBL approach such as that adopted within this study supports not only improvement in the number of students gaining an overall pass, but also an overall improvement amongst higher achieving students within business numeracy. Findings also demonstrate those characteristics of a VBL approach that support continuation of student engagement with the subject matter throughout their studies. Whilst such findings offer a range of benefits to both students and educators in enhancing student achievement, these also serve to introduce a new learning model which will be explored in subsequent research.
Measurement of the temperature dependence of mechanical losses induced by an electric field in undoped silicon disk resonators
Authors: Klochkov Y. Yu. , Mitrofanov V. P.
Published: April 2023

Test masses of future laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors will be made of high-purity silicon and cooled, in particular, to 123 K in the LIGO Voyager project. Electrostatic actuators are supposed to be used to tune the test mass position. Capacitive coupling of the actuator electrodes with the silicon test mass results in the mechanical loss caused by electric currents flowing in silicon having a finite resistivity. This loss is a cause of additional thermal noise. In this study, we present the results of temperature dependence of the electric field induced loss in the bending vibration mode of commercial disk-shaped undoped silicon wafers in the temperature range of 100–295 K.
III–V selective regrowth on SOI for telecom lasers in silicon photonics
Authors: Li Jie , Xue Ying , Yan Zhao , Han Yu , Lau Kei May
Published: April 2023

To realize fully integrated silicon photonics (Si photonics), reliable III–V light sources that can be efficiently coupled with Si/SiN waveguides are essential. Here, based on a monolithic InP/silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, we developed a selective regrowth scheme and constructed a regrowth platform for on-chip lasers that can be efficiently coupled with Si/SiN waveguides. InP and InGaAs/InP multi-quantum wells (MQWs) were regrown on the regrowth template on SOI as well as patterned commercial InP wafers in the same growth run for comparison. A flat (001) top surface after regrowth with a low roughness of 0.38 nm was obtained on SOI. Benefitting from the high quality of MQWs regrowth, strong photoluminescence emission at telecom band can be obtained on both growth templates. Also, multi-wavelength emission on the same chip can be potentially achieved by designing various regrowth openings. Furthermore, the large material volume with vertical stacking structure and intimate placement of MQWs and the Si layer of SOI allow for the potential demonstration of electrically pumped lasers and efficient light coupling between them and Si/SiN waveguides. Therefore, the demonstrated regrowth method provides a promising solution for the monolithic integration of III–V on-chip lasers on Si.
Enhancing the thermal conductivity in electrocaloric polymers by structural orientation for collaborative thermal management
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Ming-Ding , Ma Jun Peng , Wang Xiao-Liang , Shen Qun-Dong
Published: April 2023

Endowing bulk electrocaloric polymers with excellent thermal conductivity is a superior solution to the high-efficient and precise management of tremendous heat from high-power-density electronic devices. Semi-crystalline polymer P(VDF-TrFE-CFE), i.e., poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene), has a predominant amorphous phase of randomly entangled chains and abundant interface, leading to localized behavior in phonon heat conduction and thereby low thermal conductivity. To enhance the thermal transport performance, electrocaloric polymer films were mechanically stretched or fabricated by electrospun to achieve highly aligned molecular chains. Chain orientation brought about a 2.4- and 1.6-times increase in the thermal diffusion coefficient of the stretched and electrospun films, respectively. Interestingly, after mechanical stretching, the thermal conductivity of the film was increased by a factor of two. In contrast, the electrospun film had a slightly lower thermal conductivity than that of the unoriented one. A remarkable discrepancy in the electrocaloric properties was observed, where the stretched polymer film reached a much higher adiabatic temperature change under an applied electric field than that of the electrospun film. Our strategy provides a perspective on designing a promising thermal management system through the integration of active refrigeration and passive heat dissipation in bulk electrocaloric polymers.
Improving the prediction of glassy dynamics by pinpointing the local cage
Authors: Alkemade Rinske M. , Smallenburg Frank , Filion Laura
Published: April 2023

The relationship between structure and dynamics in glassy fluids remains an intriguing open question. Recent work has shown impressive advances in our ability to predict local dynamics using structural features, most notably due to the use of advanced machine learning techniques. Here, we explore whether a simple linear regression algorithm combined with intelligently chosen structural order parameters can reach the accuracy of the current, most advanced machine learning approaches for predicting dynamic propensity. To achieve this, we introduce a method to pinpoint the cage state of the initial configuration—i.e., the configuration consisting of the average particle positions when particle rearrangement is forbidden. We find that, in comparison to both the initial state and the inherent state, the structure of the cage state is highly predictive of the long-time dynamics of the system. Moreover, by combining the cage state information with the initial state, we are able to predict dynamic propensities with unprecedentedly high accuracy over a broad regime of time scales, including the caging regime.
Biomimetic corneas of individual profile-followed coating for encapsulated droplet array
Authors: Jiang Wei , Li Rui , Peng Niming , Wang Qi , Wang Lanlan , Jiang Weitao , Liu Hongzhong
Published: April 2023

The ability to acquire a varifocal optical system with excellent reversibility and repeatability is crucial for many applications. However, current strategies for improving varifocal ability primarily focus on enlarging tunable focal length. The demonstration of an individually encapsulated microlens array is one of the key technological challenges in the varifocal microoptic industry. Inspired by corneas of natural eyes, we develop a self-assembly flow molding approach to fabricate a profile-followed coating onto the droplet surface for long-term encapsulation. Meanwhile, the coating has a supersmooth surface with roughness less than 1 nm within an area of 10 [Formula: see text] 10 μm2, which unprecedentedly facilitates the high transparency and photosensitivity of a micro-optical system. Significantly, the elastic modulus of profile-followed coating is as low as 0.25 MPa, which satisfies the large varifocal capacity ranging from 773  to 1600  μm at a low voltage of 5 V. This work opens a new window for exploring the encapsulated fluid components with profile-followed coating in tunable optical systems.
Circadian regulation of hippocampal function is disrupted with corticosteroid treatment
Authors: Birnie Matthew T. , Claydon Matthew D. B. , Troy Oliver , Flynn Benjamin P. , Yoshimura Mitsuhiro , Kershaw Yvonne M. , Zhao Zidong , Demski-Allen Rebecca C. R. , Barker Gareth R. I. , Warburton E. Clea , Bortolotto Zuner A. , Lightman Stafford L. , Conway-Campbell Becky L.
Published: April 2023

Disrupted circadian activity is associated with many neuropsychiatric disorders. A major coordinator of circadian biological systems is adrenal glucocorticoid secretion which exhibits a pronounced preawakening peak that regulates metabolic, immune, and cardiovascular processes, as well as mood and cognitive function. Loss of this circadian rhythm during corticosteroid therapy is often associated with memory impairment. Surprisingly, the mechanisms that underlie this deficit are not understood. In this study, in rats, we report that circadian regulation of the hippocampal transcriptome integrates crucial functional networks that link corticosteroid-inducible gene regulation to synaptic plasticity processes via an intrahippocampal circadian transcriptional clock. Further, these circadian hippocampal functions were significantly impacted by corticosteroid treatment delivered in a 5-d oral dosing treatment protocol. Rhythmic expression of the hippocampal transcriptome, as well as the circadian regulation of synaptic plasticity, was misaligned with the natural light/dark circadian-entraining cues, resulting in memory impairment in hippocampal-dependent behavior. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how the transcriptional clock machinery within the hippocampus is influenced by corticosteroid exposure, leading to adverse effects on critical hippocampal functions, as well as identifying a molecular basis for memory deficits in patients treated with long-acting synthetic corticosteroids.
LPS-aggregating proteins GBP1 and GBP2 are each sufficient to enhance caspase-4 activation both in cellulo and in vitro
Authors: Dickinson Mary S. , Kutsch Miriam , Sistemich Linda , Hernandez Dulcemaria , Piro Anthony S. , Needham David , Lesser Cammie F. , Herrmann Christian , Coers Jörn
Published: April 2023

The gamma-interferon (IFNγ)-inducible guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) promote host defense against gram-negative cytosolic bacteria in part through the induction of an inflammatory cell death pathway called pyroptosis. To activate pyroptosis, GBPs facilitate sensing of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by the noncanonical caspase-4 inflammasome. There are seven human GBP paralogs, and it is unclear how each GBP contributes to LPS sensing and pyroptosis induction. GBP1 forms a multimeric microcapsule on the surface of cytosolic bacteria through direct interactions with LPS. The GBP1 microcapsule recruits caspase-4 to bacteria, a process deemed essential for caspase-4 activation. In contrast to GBP1, closely related paralog GBP2 is unable to bind bacteria on its own but requires GBP1 for direct bacterial binding. Unexpectedly, we find that GBP2 overexpression can restore gram-negative-induced pyroptosis in GBP1
KO
cells, without GBP2 binding to the bacterial surface. A mutant of GBP1 that lacks the triple arginine motif required for microcapsule formation also rescues pyroptosis in GBP1
KO
cells, showing that binding to bacteria is dispensable for GBPs to promote pyroptosis. Instead, we find that GBP2, like GBP1, directly binds and aggregates “free” LPS through protein polymerization. We demonstrate that supplementation of either recombinant polymerized GBP1 or GBP2 to an in vitro reaction is sufficient to enhance LPS-induced caspase-4 activation. This provides a revised mechanistic framework for noncanonical inflammasome activation where GBP1 or GBP2 assembles cytosol-contaminating LPS into a protein-LPS interface for caspase-4 activation as part of a coordinated host response to gram-negative bacterial infections.
Synergetic modulation on ionic association and solvation structure by electron-withdrawing effect for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Rui , Yao Minjie , Yang Min , Zhu Jiacai , Chen Jun , Niu Zhiqiang
Published: April 2023

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries are emerging as one of the most promising large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost and high safety. However, Zn anodes often encounter the problems of Zn dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction, and formation of by-products. Herein, we developed the low ionic association electrolytes (LIAEs) by introducing 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanol (TFE) into 30 m ZnCl
2
electrolyte. Owing to the electron-withdrawing effect of -CF
3
groups in TFE molecules, in LIAEs, the Zn
2+
solvation structures convert from larger aggregate clusters into smaller parts and TFE will construct H-bonds with H
2
O in Zn
2+
solvation structure simultaneously. Consequently, ionic migration kinetics are significantly enhanced and the ionization of solvated H
2
O is effectively suppressed in LIAEs. As a result, Zn anodes in LIAE display a fast plating/stripping kinetics and high Coulombic efficiency of 99.74%. The corresponding full batteries exhibit an improved comprehensive performance such as high-rate capability and long cycling life.
Homophilic interaction of cell adhesion molecule 3 coordinates retina neuroepithelial cell proliferation
Authors: Li Yanan , Xu Baijie , Jin Mengmeng , Zhang Hui , Ren Ningxin , Hu Jinhui , He Jie
Published: April 2023

Correct cell number generation is central to tissue development. However, in vivo roles of coordinated proliferation of individual neural progenitors in regulating cell numbers of developing neural tissues and the underlying molecular mechanism remain mostly elusive. Here, we showed that wild-type (WT) donor retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) generated significantly expanded clones in host retinae with G1-lengthening by p15 (cdkn2a/b) overexpression (p15+) in zebrafish. Further analysis showed that cell adhesion molecule 3 (cadm3) was reduced in p15+ host retinae, and overexpression of either full-length or ectodomains of Cadm3 in p15+ host retinae markedly suppressed the clonal expansion of WT donor RPCs. Notably, WT donor RPCs in retinae with cadm3 disruption recapitulated expanded clones that were found in p15+ retinae. More strikingly, overexpression of Cadm3 without extracellular ig1 domain in RPCs resulted in expanded clones and increased retinal total cell number. Thus, homophilic interaction of Cadm3 provides an intercellular mechanism underlying coordinated cell proliferation to ensure cell number homeostasis of the developing neuroepithelia.
Electron-neutral collision cross sections for H2O: II. Anisotropic scattering and assessment of the validity of the two-term approximation
Authors: Budde Maik , Dias Tiago Cunha , Vialetto Luca , Pinhão Nuno , Guerra Vasco , Silva Tiago
Published: April 2023

This work proposes a complete and consistent set of cross sections (CS) for electron collisions with water gas molecules to be published in the IST-Lisbon database on LXCat. The set is validated by the electron swarm analysis technique. The anisotropic angular distribution of electrons in rotational collisions is considered by means of the Born approximation in a two-term Boltzmann solver (LisbOn KInetics two-term Boltzmann solver (LoKI-B)) and a Monte Carlo simulations code (LoKI-MC), both freely available as open-source codes. The inclusion of electron anisotropic scattering in rotational collisions significantly improves the agreement between calculations and measurements of the electron drift velocity, reduced mobility, characteristic energy, reduced Townsend ionisation coefficient, reduced effective Townsend coefficient and reduced attachment coefficient. The MC simulations are deemed more accurate and shown to yield similar results as LoKI-B with the proposed set. The use of LoKI-MC also validates the set of CSs against parameters that cannot be obtained by LoKI-B, such as the longitudinal diffusion coefficient or the bulk transport coefficients.
Optical fibre pressure sensing using a frequency modulated laser-based signal processing technique
Authors: Barrington J H , James S W , Kissinger T , Staines S E , Prince S , Alcusa-Saez E , Lawson N J , Tatam R P
Published: April 2023

Range resolved interferometry (RRI) applied to the interrogation of an extrinsic Fabry–Perot based pressure sensor in laboratory and wind tunnel environments is presented. A simple, compact sensor head design was fabricated and subsequently characterised using RRI, which was shown to have a sensitivity of 1.627

×

10

−
3

 rad Pa−1 with a noise standard deviation of 9 Pa over a data rate of 1.5 kHz. When installed in a high-lift wing for surface pressure evaluation during wind tunnel testing, the approach outlined here was able to perform as well as a conventionally employed commercial device for relative static pressure measurements.
Long-range quenched bond disorder in the bidimensional Potts model
Authors: Chippari Francesco , Picco Marco , Santachiara Raoul
Published: April 2023

We study the bidimensional q-Potts model with long-range bond correlated disorder. Similarly to Chatelain (2014 Phys. Rev. E 89 032105), we implement a disorder bimodal distribution by coupling the Potts model to auxiliary spin-variables, which are correlated with a power-law decaying function. The universal behaviour of different observables, especially the thermal and the order-parameter critical exponents, are computed by Monte-Carlo techniques for

q
=
1
,
2
,
3

-Potts models for different values of the power-law decaying exponent a. On the basis of our conclusions, which are in agreement with previous theoretical and numerical results for q = 1 and q = 2, we can conjecture the phase diagram for

q
∈
[
1
,
4
]

. In particular, we establish that the system is driven to a fixed point at finite or infinite long-range disorder depending on the values of q and a. Finally, we discuss the role of the higher cumulants of the disorder distribution. This is done by drawing the auxiliary spin-variables from different statistical models. While the main features of the phase diagram depend only on the first and second cumulant, we argue, for the infinite disorder fixed point, that certain universal effects are affected by the higher cumulants of the disorder distribution.
A note on tree factorization and no particle production
Authors: Bering Klaus
Published: April 2023

We prove factorization of the generating functional of connected tree diagrams by exploring that it is the Legendre transform of the action. This theorem is then applied to the example of a local relativistic interacting field theory in 2D with a single massive real scalar field that has no derivative couplings and no classical tadpole. In the process we streamline the proof that the assumption of no particle production leads to either the sin(h)-Gordon or the Bullough–Dodd model.
Plasma-activated hydrogel: fabrication, functionalization, and effective biological model
Authors: LI Jiacheng , LAN Cuntao , NIE Lanlan , LIU Dawei , LU Xinpei
Published: April 2023

Hydrogels are biomaterials with 3D networks of hydrophilic polymers. The generation of hydrogels is turning to the development of hydrogels with the help of enabling technologies. Plasma can tailor the hydrogels’ properties through simultaneous physical and chemical actions, resulting in an emerging technology of plasma-activated hydrogels (PAH). PAH can be divided into functional PAH and biological tissue model PAH. This review systematically introduces the plasma sources, plasma etching polymer surface, and plasma cross-linking involved in the fabrication of PAH. The ‘diffusion-drift-reaction model’ is used to study the microscopic physicochemical interaction between plasma and biological tissue PAH models. Finally, the main achievements of PAH, including wound treatment, sterilization, 3D tumor model, etc, and their development trends are discussed.