bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As condutas de enfermagem frente a pacientes com cetoacidose diabética: Revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Oliveira Rhayssa Maira de , Lima Sabrina Pereira , Bernardes Sarah Araújo , Borges Amanda Aparecida , Pereira Vanessa Oliveira Silva , Alves Mateus Goulart
Published: December 2018

A adequação e eficiência das ações de enfermagem na assistência ao paciente com Cetoacidose Diabética aumentam de acordo com a experiência, habilidade técnica e competência do profissional, já que este percebe as demandas de cuidado adequado e assim elabora condutas através de assistência sistematizada, individualizada e, principalmente, articulada com as necessidades do paciente e da família. Estudo com o objetivo de descrever as condutas relevantes da enfermagem diante de pacientes com Cetoacidose Diabética. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa cuja pergunta norteadora foi: “Em pacientes com Cetoacidose Diabética, quais devem ser as condutas relevantes tomadas por profissionais de enfermagem?” Para a seleção dos artigos, realizada no mês de abril de 2018, foram utilizadas duas bases de dados com os descritores: Enfermagem, Cetoacidose diabética e Urgência. Seis artigos foram selecionados. Após a avaliação primária do paciente por meio dos sinais e sintomas o enfermeiro deve traçar o seu plano de assistência elaborando intervenções.  Os cuidados de enfermagem frente ao paciente em Cetoacidose Diabética devem ser pautados no conhecimento cientifico, de forma individual e integralmente. O enfermeiro possui um papel relevante, não somente ao oferecer cuidados assistenciais, mas também como educador, oferecendo ao paciente e seus familiares informações relacionados à patologia, diminuindo assim a incidência da Cetoacidose Diabética e as suas possíveis complicações.
Network Security Enhancement using CTI and Log Analysis
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Chaudhary Parvesh Kumar
Published: December 2018

Cyberattacks, ever increasing in severity, complexity and frequency are impacting the functioning of citizens, government, and businesses around the world. Protecting valuable intellectual property, business and personal information in digital form against theft, misuse, is an increasingly critical concern for everyone in the present digital era. The financial and reputational loss incurred due to Cyber-attacks motivate organizations to improve defensive measures to protect their organizational networks and information stored. This paper proposes an Cyber threat Intelligence (CTI) collection, log analysis and automated Threat alerting platform capable to analyze and respond to incidents that can lead to cyberattacks. The proposed system makes use of CTI received from Open Source intelligence (OSINT), Elasticsearch and Logstash to analyze, observe and generate alerts for malicious traffic/ activity in organization based on log analysis. At the same time an easy to understand visual representation can be made by the use using Kibana.
Do tradicional ao contemporâneo: representações sociais do professor construídas por alunos
Authors: Vale Silvia Fernandes do , Maciel Regina Heloisa , Rodrigues Sônia Wan Der Maas
Published: December 2018

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo caracterizar as representações sociais construídas pelos alunos do ensino fundamental acerca do professor. Participaram do estudo 75 alunos do ensino fundamental da rede pública municipal de ensino de Mossoró, RN, de ambos os sexos e faixa etária entre 9 e 15 anos. Utilizou-se como suporte teórico a teoria das representações sociais de Serge Moscovici. Na coleta utilizou-se a técnica desenho-estória com tema. Inicialmente, fez-se uma análise detalhada dos desenhos e temas. Em seguida, as produções escritas foram analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que a imagem do professor foi associada a três diferentes categorias: um professor tradicional ancorado em posturas firmes, como detentor de saber, que exige uma turma obediente e silenciosa; uma segunda que representa o professor como um profissional atualizado, desejado, que utiliza diferentes estratégias de aprendizagens que ultrapassam o espaço da sala de aula; e a terceira expressa os desafios enfrentados pelos docentes, mostrando um professor que luta por melhores condições de trabalho. Essas associações são resultados tanto das vivências dos alunos quanto das informações e representações veiculadas no seu grupo de pertença.
Fetal Stem Cells are Effective in the Treatment of Grade I and II Respiratory Failure in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Sych Nataliia S. , Ivankova Olena V. , Klunnyk Mariya O. , Matiyashchuk Iryna G. , Sinelnyk Andrey A. , Demchyk Mariya P. , Skalozyb Maryna V. , Siniscalco Dario
Published: December 2018

Objectives

To study the effect of fetal stem cell (FSC) therapy on Grade I and II respiratory failure in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and muscular dystrophy (MD).

Methods

A comparative study was conducted on 41 patients with Grade I or II respiratory failure (RF) resulting from ALS or MD. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the underlying disease and the degree of RF. Patients underwent combined treatment, including the experimental application of FSC therapy, and were examined before FSC treatment, and 6 months and 12 months after treatment.

Results

FSC treatment improved both subjective and objective breathing parameters as early as 6 months post-treatment. A significant increase in the forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was reported by all patients with Grade I RF linked to ALS and MD compared to baseline. Patient respiratory improvement was maintained over the next 6 months. Grade II RF patients with MD reported a significant improvement in FVC 12 months after treatment.

Conclusions

Evidence for respiratory improvement was observed as early as 6 months in all patients after combined treatment including FSC therapy, and this was maintained for a further 6 months after therapy. In MD patients with Grade II RF, treatment resulted in a significant FVC and FEV1 increase within 6 months and downgrading to Grade I RF within a year after FSC treatment.
Controlled Release of Nerve Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Combined with Small-Gap Anastomosis Enhances Sciatic Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Wang Xiyuan , Chen Lin , Zuo Huancong , Liu Huagang , Ji Liu , Hari Shanker Sharma , Aruna Sharma , Ao Qiang
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Nerve regeneration after peripheral nerve injury is a slow process with a limited degree of functional recovery, resulting in a high disability rate. Thus, accelerating the rate of nerve regeneration and improving the degree of nerve repair is a clinical challenge. This study aimed to investigate the role of growth factor gel combined with small-gap nerve anastomosis in the regeneration of sciatic nerve injury in rats. This was achieved by injecting nerve growth factor (NGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gel into a silicon chamber that bridged the transection of the nerve.

Methods

In 27 randomly chosen Sprague Dawley rats, a sharp blade was used to transect the right hind leg sciatic nerve. The rats were divided into 3 groups: in groups A and B, silicon tubes containing NGF and bFGF gel or saline, respectively, were used to bridge the nerve proximal and distal ends (3-mm gap), and in group C, the nerve proximal and distal ends were directly sutured. Eight weeks after surgery, the sciatic nerve function index, neural electrophysiology, and muscle wet weight as well as histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical parameters were evaluated.

Results

The sciatic nerve function index, nerve conduction velocity, muscle wet weight, density of regenerated nerve fibers, and myelination in group A were better than those in group B or C, but the sciatic nerve function index, muscle wet weight, and thickness of myelination in the 3 groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences innerve conduction velocity between groups A and B (P > 0.05), but it was higher in both groups than that of group C (P < 0.05). The regenerated nerve fiber density in the 3 groups showed significant differences (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Small-gap nerve anastomosis can provide a good regenerative microenvironment for rat sciatic nerve regeneration, and the combined strategy of growth factor gel with small-gap nerve anastomosis appears to have a superior effect on nerve repair.
Morphological Predictors of Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms Rupture
Authors: Lv Nan , Fang Yibin , Yu Ying , Xu Jinyu , Liu Jianmin , Huang Qinghai
Published: December 2018

Objective

The conflicting findings of previous morphological studies on intracranial aneurysm rupture may be caused by the different locations of aneurysms. We aimed to determine the independent risk factors of aneurysm rupture by focusing on only posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms.

Methods

In 89 PcomA aneurysms (58 ruptured, 31 unruptured), clinical and morphological characteristics were compared between the ruptured and unruptured groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent predictors for the rupture status of PcomA aneurysms.

Results

In univariate analyses, the aneurysm dome size, aspect ratio, size ratio, dome-to-neck ratio, and inflow angle were significant parameters. With multivariate analyses, only the aneurysm dome size and inflow angle were significantly associated with the rupture status of PcomA aneurysms.

Conclusions

Morphology was related with rupture of PcomA aneurysms. The aneurysm dome size and inflow angle were found to be the independent parameters characterizing the rupture status of PcomA aneurysms.
Regulations in the United States for Cell Transplantation Clinical Trials in Neurological Diseases
Authors: Zhu He , Tan Yuanqing , Gu Qi , Han Weifang , Li Zhongwen , Meyer Jason S. , Hu Baoyang
Published: December 2018

Objective

This study aimed to use a systematic approach to evaluate the current utilization, safety, and effectiveness of cell therapies for neurological diseases in human. And review the present regulations, considering United States (US) as a representative country, for cell transplantation in neurological disease and discuss the challenges facing the field of neurology in the coming decades.

Methods

A detailed search was performed in systematic literature reviews of cellular-based therapies in neurological diseases, using PubMed, web of science, and clinical trials. Regulations of cell therapy products used for clinical trials were searched from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Results

Seven most common types of cell therapies for neurological diseases have been reported to be relatively safe with varying degrees of neurological recovery. And a series of regulations in US for cellular therapy was summarized including preclinical evaluations, sourcing material, stem cell manufacturing and characterization, cell therapy product, and clinical trials.

Conclusions

Stem cell-based therapy holds great promise for a cure of such diseases and will value a growing population of patients. However, regulatory permitting activity of the US in the sphere of stem cells, technologies of regenerative medicine and substitutive cell therapy are selective, theoretical and does not fit the existing norm and rules. Compiled well-defined regulations to guide the application of stem cell products for clinical trials should be formulated.
Stem Cell Transplantation for Nervous System Disorders in Italy, European Union, and Ukraine: Clinical Approach and Governmental Policies
Authors: Siniscalco Dario , Sych Nataliia
Published: December 2018

Several debates have been raised over the use of stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine. Indeed, stem cell transplantation must follow strict rules. However, to date, many differences exist among different Western and Eastern European countries. This brief review summarizes the state-of-the-art stem cell regulation in Italy, European Union, and Ukraine.
Effects of the APOE ∊4 Allele on Therapeutic Response in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Chien I , Yang Yuanhan
Published: December 2018

The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ∊4 allelle is a well-established risk factor for cognitive decline. Racial factors may mitigate its effects. However, APOE ∊4 has similar effects even among different racial groups. The APOE genotype in patients with Alzheimer's disease may influence therapeutic decisions.
Behavioral Features of Mice Fed with a Cholesterol-Enriched Diet: Deficient Novelty Exploration and Unaltered Aggressive Behavior
Authors: Veniaminova Ekaterina , Cespuglio Raymond , Markova Nataliia , Mortimer Niall , Cheung Chi Wai , Steinbusch Harry W. , Lesch Klaus-Peter , Strekalova Tatyana
Published: December 2018

Objectives

Previous studies involving mice have demonstrated that a cholesterol-enriched diet evokes liver steatosis, dystrophy, inflammation, and aspects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These changes are accompanied by the activation of pro-inflammatory brain and liver molecular pathways, as well as anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Given previously reported evidence for the neurobiological relationship between the above-mentioned molecular changes and abnormalities in coping with environmental stimuli, such as interactions with other individuals and new environmental contexts, we hypothesized that novelty exploration and aggressive behavior are affected in a mouse NAFLD model.

Methods

To test this hypothesis, young female C57BL/6J mice were fed with a regular chow or a diet containing 0.2% cholesterol for 3 weeks. The mice were then assessed for new object and novel cage exploration, and social interaction in a food competition test.

Results

We found reduced object exploration in mice on the cholesterol-enriched diet. This reduction was not related to whether the new object was placed in an anxiogenic or non-anxiogenic environment. These changes were accompanied by diminished exploration of the new environment in a novel cage, and delayed approach to food after a period of food deprivation. Mice on the regular chow or cholesterol-enriched diet showed no differences in aggressive behavior towards a counter-partner in a food competition test. Food intake and body weight did not differ between the groups, thus, excluding their potential as confounders in the measured behaviors.

Conclusions

We conclude that a diet enriched with cholesterol reduces novelty exploration irrespective of the anxiogenic level of the environment and does not induce aggressive behavior in female mice.
New Frontiers in Biomaterials Research for Tissue Repair and Regeneration
Authors: Liu Huiling , Liu Haoran , Clasky Aaron , Yang Huilin , Yang Lei
Published: December 2018

The field of biomaterials has recently emerged to augment or replace lost or damaged tissues and organs due to the human body's limited ability to self-heal large defects. Historically, metallic components, polymers, ceramics, and composite materials were utilized as synthetic materials along with natural materials to assist in therapy. Various novel biomaterials were developed to respond to a significant amount of new medical challenges in the past decade. Therefore, there is a need to review these newly developed biomaterials and their potential to improve tissue repair and regeneration in a variety of applications. Here, we briefly review the different strategies and attempts to use novel biomaterials, including self-assembled and macromolecular biomaterials, hydrogels, metamaterials, decellularized tissues, and biomaterials obtained via synthetic biology, used either for tissue repair and regeneration or for therapeutic use by exploiting other mechanisms of healing. All these methods aim to create functional materials, devices, systems, and/or organisms with novel and useful functions on the basis of catalogued and standardized biological building blocks. This review details the various methods and introduces the applications of these biomaterials in tissue repair and regeneration, especially for bone, nerve, and skin applications.
Preliminary Analysis of Cellular Sociology of Co-Cultured Glioma Initiating Cells and Macrophages in Vitro
Authors: Zhang Mingxia , Chen Junjie , Wang Lin , Ji Xiaoyan , Yang Lin , Sheng Yujing , Liu Hairui , Wang Haiyang , Wang Aidong , Dai Xingliang , Li Xiaonan , Huang Qiang , Dong Jun
Published: December 2018

Objective

Real-time monitoring of cytokine secretion at the single immunocyte level, based on the concept of immune cells, sociology has been recently reported. However, the relationships between glioma-initiating cells (GICs) and host immune cells and their mutual interactions in the tumor microenvironment have not been directly observed and remain unclear.

Methods

The dual fluorescence tracing technique was applied to label the co-cultured GICs and host macrophages (Mø), and the interactions between the two types of cells were observed using a live cell imaging system. Fusion cells in the co-culture system were monocloned and proliferated in vitro and their social interactions were observed and recorded.

Results

Using real-time dynamic observation of target cells, 6 types of intercellular conjunction microtubes were found to function in the transfer of intercellular information between GICs and Mo; GICs and host Mø can fuse into hybrid cells after several rounds of mutual interactions, and then these fusion cells fused with each other; Fusion cells generated offspring cells through symmetrical and asymmetrical division or underwent apoptosis. A “cell in cell” phenomenon was observed in the fusion cells, which was often followed by cell release, namely entosis.

Conclusions

Preliminary studies revealed the patterns of cell conjunction via microtubes between GICs and host Mø and the processes of cell fusion, division, and entosis. The results revealed malignant transformation of host Mø, induced by GICs, suggesting complex social relationships among tumor-immune cells in gliomas.
Effects of Voluntary Imipramine Intake via Food and Water in Paradigms of Anxiety and Depression in naïve Mice
Authors: Costa-Nunes João Pedro , Bakhmet Anastassia , Araújo-Correia Margarida , Valença Andreia Barbosa , Strekalova Tatyana , Steinbusch Harry W. M.
Published: December 2018

Objective

We sought to investigate the efficacy of oral dosing in mice with imipramine (7mg/kg/day) via water or in food pellets, and to compare its effects in the paradigms of learned helplessness, locomotion, hedonic state, and anxiety.

Methods

Water and food consumption were measured to determine daily imipramine dosage in C57BL/6N mice. Next, baseline scores for O-maze, dark/light box, and sucrose tests were measured. Mice were then subjected to a 4-week treatment of voluntary ingestion of drinking water or food pellets containing imipramine. Lastly, all groups were subjected to novel cage, open field, O-maze, dark/light box, sucrose test, and forced swim test to assess the effects of the treatment.

Results

In naïve mice, imipramine delivered via food, induced a reduction of total floating and increased latency in the forced swim test, i.e., antidepressant-like effects. No other significant effects were found. Dosing with water did not change behavior in the forced swim, sucrose preference test, anxiety, or locomotor paradigms, but increased exploration in the novel cage.

Conclusions

Voluntary ingestion is an effective method of chronic dosing with imipramine in naïve mice. Delivery of imipramine with food pellets elicits antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test, with no effects on anxiety, locomotion, or preference behaviors. In contrast, no such effects were observed with treatment via drinking water, suggesting that a higher dose may be required. Our work argues for a broader use of oral delivery using food-treated pellets, in small rodent models of preclinical depression. It may substantially improve animal welfare and overcome potential confounds in translational research, which are frequently associated with adverse chronic invasive pharmacotherapies.
Global Action against Dementia: Emerging of a New Era
Authors: Wang Dajue
Published: December 2018

Since ancient times medical profession has typically dealt with physical disorders, because they are visible, palpable, and audible. The diagnosis is relatively direct. Mental health problems are hidden in the brain and we did not know what was going on inside the skull. We could only infer, by observing the patient's behaviors and making assumptions. Even now, we have to largely rely on this indirect approach. That is why psychology and psychiatry are classified as behavioral sciences. They are abstract, and we do not understand the structural changes causing the problem, except for obvious vascular or neoplastic lesions. Now, due to the introduction of new technologies, many mental health problems can be visualized through hi-tech equipment, albeit they are not yet palpable or audible. This direct approach has made the diagnosis much more secure. Now, we know that the problem of dementia starts from the hippocampal formation, and we can see it on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional MRI (fMRI). Therefore, a new era of mental health care is emerging. Dementia has become a burden for the patient, family members, caregivers, and the entire society. With ageing population, the number of patients with dementia will increase sharply not only in the developed but also in the developing world. The care of patients with dementia involves not only biology, but also sociology, including politics, and humanities. In 2012, in collaboration with the UK-based Alzheimer's Disease International, the World Health Organization (WHO) published “Dementia: a public health priority” report. A year later, in 2013, the problem was raised at the G8 summit meeting in London. In 2014, the UK-based Alzheimer's Society estimated that by 2015, there would be 850,000 sufferers of dementia. Finally, in 2015, the First WHO Ministerial Conference on Global Action Against Dementia took place in Geneva and a document calling for action was published. Every UN member state has a responsibility to take action in response to this solemn call to save the human race.
Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors of Primary Intracranial Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma: A Report of 8 Cases and a Literature Review
Authors: Li Peng , Zhou Qiangyi , Yang Zhijun , Wang Zhenmin , Li Shiwei , Wang Xingchao , Wang Bo , Zhao Fu , Liu Pinan
Published: December 2018

Objective

Primary intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is rare. We describe the detailed clinical features of 8 cases and fully review the literature to evaluate several prognostic factors.

Methods

Eight patients with pathologically confirmed primary intracranial MFH were retrospectively reviewed. We searched PubMed for relevant articles with the term “intracranial malignant fibrous histiocytoma”.

Results

Of the 8 patients, 4 were men and 4 were women. Three patients had received previous radiotherapy. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 69 years, with a median age of 48 years. Most tumors could be totally resected; and only 1 tumor was subtotally resected. Six patients received postoperative radiotherapy and 3 patients received postoperative chemotherapy. Most patients died within the first year after surgery; and only 1 patient was still alive on the date of the last follow-up. We reviewed the literature and included a total of 46 patients in the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Young patients (less than 30 years old) seemed to have a better prognosis and survival rate than older patients (more than 30 years old) (log-rank test, P = 0.008). However, sex (P = 0.675), extent of resection (P = 0.934), postoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.592), and postoperative chemotherapy (P = 0.424) did not affect patient prognosis.

Conclusions

The prognosis of MFH is usually poor, and most patients die within the first year after surgery. Younger MFH patients (less than 30 years old) seem to have a better prognosis and improved survival compared to older patients.
Development of Skull Base Neurosurgery: From the past to the Future
Authors: Liu Pinan
Published: December 2018

The origin of neurosurgery dates back to the end of the 19th century. Many prominent and pioneering neurosurgeons contributed substantially to the development of skull base neurosurgery. In the naked eye era, Harvey Cushing promoted the delicate and meticulous surgical techniques, and significantly decreased the surgical mortality. In the 1960s, the operative microscope was introduced to the neurosurgery. Neurosurgeons represented by Yasargil took full advantage of this technology and pushed skull base neurosurgery into a new era. Transnasal transsphenoidal approach has long been used to resect pituitary tumor. The use of endoscope expands the transnasal exposure from the crista galli to C-2. The endoscopic approach may represent a paradigm shift, perhaps equivalent to the introduction of the microscope, in approaching various skull base lesions.
Neuroimaging Techniques and Their Application in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Hu Yong
Published: December 2018

Non-invasive neuroimaging plays a crucial role in the assessment of the human spinal cord, but it is quite challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important modality to obtain both high-resolution anatomical and functional information concerning the spinal cord. Besides conventional MRI, advanced MRI techniques could provide novel information about the microstructure and neural function of the spinal cord, thereby enhancing the understanding of spinal cord neurology and pathology of various spinal disorders.
Generation of Genetically Modified Olfactory Ensheathing Cells that Secrete VEGF: Potential Application in Cell-Based Treatment of Leukoaraiosis
Authors: Qu Chuanqiang , Zhao Yuanyuan , Sun Qinjian , Du Yifeng
Published: December 2018

Objective

We aimed to provide an alternative cell source for cell therapy in leukoaraiosis (LA).

Methods

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) from the olfactory bulb were isolated, cultured, and purified. Next, the lentivirus carrying human VEGF165 gene was constructed and transfected into OECs.

Results

The proliferative capacity of primary OECs was strong. OECs were infected with different multiplicity of infection. The expression level of VEGF was confirmed by real-time PCR with specific primers for GAPDH and VEGF, indicating that the genetically engineered OECs-VEGF produced VEGF with functional activity.

Conclusions

Our data showed that these engineered OECs-VEGF highly express functional VEGF and retain the characteristics of astrocytes and Schwann cells, providing an alternative cell source for cell therapy in LA.
Is the Role of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene in Alzheimer's Disease Independent of Hypertension?
Authors: Yang Yuanhan , Wu Shyhjong , Huang Chinchun , Fuh Jongling , Liu Chingkuan
Published: December 2018

Objective

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphisms are considered biomarkers of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the results of studies of these polymorphisms have been inconsistent. The ACE protein directly degrades beta-amyloid and thereby slows the progression of AD and its onset. However, it also activates the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, which can contribute to hypertension and/or cardiovascular events that increase the risk for developing AD.

Methods

In this study, we examined the bidirectional association of the ACE gene and AD in patients with AD with and without hypertension.

Results

Patients who were clinically diagnosed with AD (n = 983) underwent ACE I/D genotyping. The distribution of the ACE I/D genotypes (P = 0.355 for I/I vs. D/D; P = 0.888 for I/D vs. D/D) and I alleles (P = 0.895) did not significantly differ between hypertensive patients with AD and patients with AD without hypertension.

Conclusions

In contrast to traditional theories, the results of this study suggested that the contribution of the ACE gene to the development of AD was not associated with hypertension and similar cardiovascular effects.
Ghost Imaging for Online Angiography
Authors: Yang Zhaohua , Zhang Nan , Sun Yuzhe , Yu Yuanjin
Published: December 2018

Ghost imaging (GI) has characteristics that make it promising for applications in life sciences and other fields, such as its high sensitivity and strong anti-interference compared with traditional imaging. This paper presents a new approach for online angiography using GI. Two signals are correlation-calculated to detect the object image: one of them is the random light field generated by a computer, and the other enters the optical fiber path after being transmitted to the detected object via a modulator. A new approach for the real-time imaging of intravascular flow, vascular wall structures, and components of atherosclerotic plaque is proposed, which has the advantages of a high sensitivity and anti-interference.
Neurospinal Surgery Innovations
Authors: Wang James
Published: December 2018

Over the past few decades, majority of neurosurgeons only specialize in spinal cord diseases. However, with the advances in spine surgery, more and more neurosurgeons focus on spine diseases. Precision minimally invasive technique in surgery of spine and spinal cord is an important branch of neurosurgery. As traditional surgery has been gradually replaced by precision surgery, open surgery has been gradually replaced by minimally invasive surgery (MIS), the diagnosis and treatment of spine diseases has been benefiting from minimally invasive techniques. With minimal surgical trauma, precise localization, MIS has become the inevitable trend of new neurosurgery. The model of multidisciplinary team is gradually becoming universal in the world in order to make the best treatment plan for the patient with spine diseases on the basis of the comprehensive disciplinary opinion.
Fluorescein Sodium Use during Spinal Ependymoma Resection
Authors: Sun Zhenxing , Yuan Dan , Sun Yaxing , Zhang Zhanquan , Wang James , Guo Yi , Wang Guoqin , Liu Dongkang , Chen Peng , Jing Linkai , Yang Feng , Zhang Peihai , Zhang Huifang , Wu Youtu , Shi Wei , Wang Guihuai
Published: December 2018

Spinal ependymomas (SEs) are common adult intramedullary tumors; however, determining the absolute boundary between the tumor and the tumor residual may be difficult. We assessed outcomes following the use of fluorescein sodium (FS) during surgical removal of SEs. We performed a retrospective analysis of 112 patients with SEs who were treated at Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital between December 2014 and December 2016. Each patient received intravenous FS (3–4 mg/kg) to determine the SE boundaries during surgery. Tumor removal efficiencies and tumor residuals were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 10 days and 3 months after surgical recovery; McCormick's spinal function classification was also performed at the 3-month follow-up. The complete tumor removal rate was 92% (103/112). Ninety-four patients underwent tumor removal under fluorescent light, which provided distinctive tumor fluorescence. Tumor removal under white light was performed in 18 patients; fluorescent images were invisible or indistinctive in these 18 patients. At the 3-month follow-up, sensory function (85.8% (91/106)) and movement (84.3% (86/102)) were improved in patients with pre-surgical dysfunction; urination and defecation functions were improved in 66.7% (16/24). The McCormick spinal cord functional classifications, at the 3-month follow-up, showed significant differences in the percentages of patients with disease classified to each grade (I–IV), compared with preoperative classifications (each, P < 0.05). There was no MRI evidence of tumor relapse or residuals at the 3-month follow-up. FS use during the surgical treatment of SE enables complete tumor removal and detection of tumor residuals.
Application of Intraoperative O-Arm-Assisted Real-Time Navigation Technique for Spinal Fixation
Authors: Sun Zhenxing , Yuan Dan , Sun Yaxing , Zhang Zhanquan , Wang Guihuai , Guo Yi , Wang Guoqin , Liu Dongkang , Chen Peng , Jing Linkai , Yang Feng , Zhang Peihai , Zhang Huifang , Wu Youtu , Shi Wei , Wang James
Published: December 2018

This study explored the combined use of the O-arm and real-time navigation during spinal fixation. The clinical data for 60 patients undergoing spinal fixation, at Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital between May 5, 2015 and May 1, 2017, were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative imaging findings were assessed. The patients were classified into the occipitocervical fusion (32 cases) and thoracic/lumbar/sacral spine fixation (28 cases, including 6 cases of percutaneous pedicle screw) groups. Lesion resections were performed microscopically. An O-arm, combined with real-time navigation, was used to assess spinal fixation. Efficacy was evaluated using operative times, Xray times, screw positioning, and complications. Within the occipitocervical fusion group, 182 screws were placed in the cervical spine and 96 in the occipital bone. However, 6 screws penetrated the bone cortex and were adjacent to the vertebral arteries, based on O-arm three-dimensional imaging; therefore, the precision rate was 96.7%. Within the thoracic/lumbar/sacral spine fixation group, 148 pedicle screws were implanted, with 4 initially outside the vertebral body, yielding a precision rate of 97.3%. Ten percutaneous pedicle screws were implanted and well positioned. O-arm scans were performed 3 times/patient, with an average of 20–30 min/time. Screw implantation times were 5–7 min (cervical spine), 8–10 min (thoracic spine), and 6–8 min (lumbar spine). Intraoperative O-arm scans, combined with real-time navigation technology, allow real-time observation of screw angles and depths, improving the accuracy and safety of posterior screw fixations and reducing the radiation dose and frequency experienced by patients and surgeons.
Advances in Research of Intracranial Vascular Stent
Authors: Hu Kun , Zhang Fan , Jiang Yuhua , Xu Xiangqian , Yang Yongkai , Cui Xia
Published: December 2018

In recent years, China's population has shown an obvious aging trend. This trend has been accompanied by an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and death. Intracranial stenting has become an important treatment modality for intracranial vascular disease because it is effective, safe, and widely approved. In this paper, we review the literature concerning the classification, structure, preparation, and performance of intracranial stents. We also summarize problems and future prospects in the context of intracranial stents. This paper will serve as a reference for the future research and development of intracranial stents.
Nerve Grafting is a New Treatment Option for Stroke Patients
Authors: Zhang Shaocheng
Published: December 2018

Recently, New England Journal of Medicine published an article by the famous hand surgery specialists, Yudong Gu. The important medical achievements of Gu's team include transposition of C7 nerve root of the unaffected side on the upper limbs in stroke hemiplegia, changing the brain central dominance region, and rebuilding the function of hands with spastic paralysis. These achievements are admirable because worldwide medical problems, such as stroke sequela hemiplegia, require long-term arduous efforts for any progress to be made. Any result that improves the survival quality of patients has significant social value. Their success has enabled me to feel that I am no longer alone in my years of exploration, and I am grateful to them from the bottom of my heart. At this time, I am reminded of the 40 years of my experience in this field. It has taken the efforts of many people to make this happen: Limb sequelae of stroke, especially spasmodic paralysis of upper limbs, often result in patients losing their ability to self-care, which can cause a great burden to their family and society. The need to rebuild and improve functions in such patients is urgent.
Surgical Treatment of Congenital Basilar Invagination with Different Pathological Characteristics: Report of 139 Cases
Authors: Wang Yinqian , Fan Tao , Zhao Xingang , Liang Cong , Gai Qifei , Zhao Haijun
Published: December 2018

Objective

To describe the different pathological characteristics of congenital basilar invaginations and discuss the surgical treatment of such cases.

Methods

A total of 139 patients diagnosed with basilar invaginations underwent surgical treatment from 2008 to 2015. Based on Atul Goel's classification and simultaneous consideration of atlantoaxial dislocation or syringomyelia, the cases were subdivided into four groups. Individualized posterior surgical decompression and/or atlantoaxial reset procedures were performed to correct atlantoaxial dislocation, decompress the brain stem, or resolve syringomyelia. The indications and critical points of each procedure were documented.

Results

All 139 patients were surgically treated; 27 patients (19.4%) had underwent at least one decompression surgery previously. On an average, there was gratifying clinical improvement based on the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score analysis. One patient exhibited severe postoperative infection, and the fusion instrument was removed. One patient experienced fracture of internal fixation. Two patients exhibited persistent respiratory symptoms at early stages after the surgery. Four patients felt worse at the latest follow-up. There was no surgical mortality. The poor outcome/ morbidity in this series was 5.8% (8/139).

Conclusion

The different pathological image characteristics of congenital basilar invaginations based on the presence or absence of syringomyelia and/or atlantoaxial dislocation, reflected the pathological features of complicated basilar invaginations more accurately. Based on these features, different posterior decompression and/or reset procedures, combined with occipitocervical fusion and C1-2 fusion, could be tailored to different patients. These individualized surgeries could reduce surgical complications, decrease morbidity and mortality, and further promote positive outcomes.
Effects of Degenerative Autologous Nucleus Pulposus on the Lumbar Sympathetic Trunk: Sympathetic Inflammation in Rats
Authors: Tang Yuanzhang , Bian Jingjing , Guo Yuna , Sun Chenli , Yawei  , Li Xiuhua , Ni Jiaxiang
Published: December 2018

Objective

We have reported the presence of discogenic visceral pain secondary to anterior herniation of the lumbar disc. The aim of this study was to observe the inflammatory response of the sympathetic trunk to an autologous degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) injection under fluoroscopy.

Methods

A total of 72 rats were used. In 24 rats, the autologous NP suspension was injected into the right sympathetic trunk. Next, food intake and body weight of each rat were monitored for 14 days. Fourteen days after the injection, the right lumbar sympathetic trunk was harvested for histological assessment, and protein levels of IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α were quantified via ELISA.

Results

In the NP-treated group, endoneural hyperemia and intensive infiltration of inflammatory cells could be identified in sections of the sympathetic trunk by the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Meanwhile, elevated concentrations of IL-1 β, IL-6, and TNF-α were determined in the sympathetic trunk of the NP group as compared to that of the naïve and control groups, which indicated the development of an inflammatory response. Furthermore, food intake and body weight of rats in the NP group decreased significantly.

Conclusions

The results indicated that an inflammatory response in the sympathetic trunk can be caused by anterior herniation of the lumbar disc, which can generate a sympathetic inflammatory pain response.
Hemodynamic Consideration of Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Ujiie Hiroshi , Shinohara Chie , Tamano Yoshinori , Katou Kouichi , Teramoto Akira
Published: December 2018

We reviewed basic considerations in fluid dynamics of cerebral aneurysms and applied these in surgery on the three most common types: internal carotid-posterior communicating artery, middle cerebral artery, and anterior communicating artery. It was found that aneurysmal initiation and growth do not occur at symmetric bifurcations. As blood flow always obeys the law of inertia, jet flow into the aneurysm will disperse along the wall; assuming the aneurysmal wall strength is even, the shape of the aneurysm becomes round or oval. When neurosurgeons encounter an aneurysm that is not round or oval, the wall may be fragile and requires great care during surgical manipulation.
Review of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Protection against Brain Diseases
Authors: Wei Min , Dong Lun , Zhang Hengzhu , Teng Zhenfei , Wang Xiaodong , Yan Zhengcun , She Lei , Li Yuping , Wang Xingdong
Published: December 2018

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a pluripotent growth factor, with multiple functions in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Increasing evidence suggests that IGF-1 fine-tunes the development of the central nervous system, ensuring proper neuronal differentiation, maturation, and connectivity. It supports neuronal survival and axon growth, and acts on myelinating Schwann cells and oligodendroglia. The biological functions of IGF-1 are modulated by the IGF-1 signaling pathway. Recent studies have proposed the modulation of the members of the IGF-1/IGF-1 signaling pathway as treatment for neuropathologies. In this study, we introduce the structure of IGF-1/2 and its receptors, with the intra-cellular interactions. Further, we review the therapeutic effects of IGF-1 in different models of brain diseases, via activation of different cellular mechanisms.
Estudio de prefactibilidad para la producción de limón mesino (Citrus aurantifolia) en Acosta y su comercialización en el CENADA, Costa Rica
Authors: Briceño Quintana Lucía , Navarro Corrella Oldemar , Morales Abarca Luis Fernando
Published: December 2018

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la prefactibilidad de la producción de limón mesino (Citrus aurantifolia) en la zona de Acosta, así como su comercialización en el Centro Nacional de Abastecimiento y Distribución de Alimentos (CENADA), ubicado en Barreal de Heredia, Costa Rica. Este estudio se desarrolló entre marzo y junio de 2013, periodo durante el cual se determinó la viabilidad comercial, técnica, ambiental, legal y financiera del cultivo, tomando como escenario de producción una plantación de 3 hectáreas. Mediante el estudio de mercado se logró determinar que el producto tiene potencial de comercialización en el CENADA; con el estudio técnico se concluyó que la zona de ubicación del proyecto, en Acosta, es apta para desarrollar la actividad debido a que las condiciones agroclimáticas son las óptimas para el cultivo; el estudio ambiental reflejó la importancia de aplicar buenas prácticas agrícolas a través de las etapas de producción, de manera que se logre un mínimo impacto negativo al ambiente, además de maximizar los beneficios ecológicos potenciales. A través del estudio financiero se logró determinar que el proyecto es factible, al presentar una TIR del 24,26% y un VAN de ₡142.852.045.
Producción y productividad de los cultivos de arroz y caña de azúcar en Costa Rica de 1980 al 2010
Authors: Morales Abarca Luis Fernando , Castillo Valerio Diana
Published: December 2018

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los datos de producción y productividad de los cultivos de arroz y de caña de azúcar en Costa Rica, con el fin de analizar su comportamiento entre 1980 y el 2010. Se utilizaron los datos oficiales elaborados por la Corporación Arrocera Nacional (CONARROZ), la Liga Agrícola e Industrial de la Caña de Azúcar (LAICA) y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO). La principal conclusión fue que el cultivo del arroz mostró un comportamiento inestable en términos de la producción y la productividad, mientras que el cultivo de la caña de azúcar presentó un comportamiento relativamente estable con respecto a la producción y a la productividad, entre 1980 y el 2010, con un crecimiento significativo en la productividad entre 1990 y el 2007.
Estructuras de gobernanza en cadenas agrícolas: caso de productores de plátano, Rey Curre, Costa Rica
Authors: Rodríguez Lizano Víctor , Montero Vega Mercedes
Published: December 2018

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es identificar las principales relaciones productivo-comerciales, en relación al plátano, que existen a lo interno de la comunidad Indígena de Rey Curré, así como también identificar las principales relaciones con intermediarios en la comercialización del plátano. Para la consecución de este objetivo se realizaron giras de campo con el fin de aplicar alrededor de 17 encuestas e identificar las relaciones entre los diferentes productores de plátano de Rey Curré y las relaciones que estos tienen con sus principales intermediarios. Los datos se analizaron con el programa UCINET y se generaron mapas de redes los cuales identificaron los productores más importantes desde un punto de vista de relaciones productivo-comerciales. Este tipo de resultados posee implicaciones en aspectos de extensión y difusión de tecnología, ya que es mucho más eficiente el transferir tecnología a los productores “líderes” y que luego estos difundan la tecnología, a realizar transferencia de tecnología uno por uno. Este estudio se generó debido a la creación por parte del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica del producto “tortas de plátano prefritas congelados”, con lo cual se necesitaba identificar los productores líderes y relaciones comerciales para tener éxito en la transferencia de tecnología.
Estimación del valor de indemnización por expropiación para un terreno ubicado en la zona costera del Pacífico Sur, con base en el método econométrico de valuación
Authors: Paniagua Molina Javier
Published: December 2018

Los procesos de expropiación se fundamental en el ordenamiento jurídico el cual permite que el Estado adquiere terrenos a favor del interés público y para ello deba pagar el monto justo.Existe una condición previa a la expropiación y una condición posterior que se genera como resultado de la expropiación y que es forzada, de allí que sea necesario contar con herramientas para medir ese cambio de condición.El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar el valor del terreno analizado antes de la expropiación y así como el daño causado al remanente de lo que quedó luego de la expropiación.El método empleado es el método econométrico, el cual, aplicado a la valuación de tierras, consiste en un modelo matemático que explica el valor de la tierra en función de atributos determinantes para las condiciones del entorno que la rodea.
Propuesta de una Herramienta de Diagnóstico para Evaluación de las Áreas de Organización, Comercialización y Financiera en los Centros de Procesamiento y Mercadeo de Alimentos (Ceproma)
Authors: Gamboa Naranjo Melissa
Published: December 2018

Los Ceproma nacen a partir del Programa Nacional de Alimentos. Estos son centros de negocios administrados por organizaciones de pequeños productores para el procesamiento y mercadeo de alimentos, y tienen el propósito de motivar a los pequeños productores, mejorar la economía rural campesina y la disponibilidad de alimentos básicos, y desarrollar ideas innovadoras. La presente propuesta para diagnóstico pretende dar respuesta a necesidades institucionales y organizacionales de una herramienta para la evaluación de los Ceproma y toma de decisiones estratégicas de corto y largo plazo. La herramienta se basa en 3 áreas específicas: organización, comercialización y área financiera. Debido a la naturaleza del proyecto Ceproma, la evaluación de los mismos conlleva un enfoque social con requisitos económicos que los Ceproma deben de cumplir para mantenerse en el mercado. Por lo tanto, la herramienta es de naturaleza mixta, tomando en cuenta su importancia social y cumplimiento de requisitos económicos y productivos.