bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of two mild stressors on the nerve growth factor (NGF) immunoreactivity in the amygdala in aged rats compared to adult ones
Authors: Badowska‐Szalewska Ewa , Ludkiewicz Beata , Krawczyk Rafał , Moryś Janusz
Published: December 2015

Nerve growth factor (NGF) seems to play an important role in the ageing limbic system in response to stress. This study aimed to explore the influence of acute and chronic exposure to high‐light open field (HL‐OF) or forced swim (FS) stressors on the density of NGF immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the amygdala central (CeA), medial (MeA), lateral (LA) and basolateral (BLA) nuclei in adult (postnatal day 90; P90) and aged (P720) rats. In comparison with non‐stressed rats, neither acute nor chronic HL‐OF produced significant changes in the density of NGF‐ir neurons of studied nuclei in P90 and P720 rats. However, not acute but chronic FS was the factor inducing an increase in the density of NGF‐ir neurons in the CeA of both age groups and in the LA of P720 rats. Despite the lack of change in the density of NGF‐ir neurons between P90 and P720 non‐stressed rats, there were significant age‐related changes in NGF‐ir cells in FS and/or HL‐OF stressed rats in all the tested nuclei, with the exception of the LA. It may be concluded that as far as the influence on NGF‐ir cells in amygdaloid nuclei is concerned, HL‐OF did not constitute an aggravating factor for rats in the ontogenetic periods studied. Moreover, upregulation of NGF‐ir neurons predominantly in CeA after chronic FS seems to be neuroprotective. Age‐dependent changes in the density of NGF‐ir neurons in stressed rats are probably caused by ageing processes and they may point to dysregulation of excitatory control exerted by the amygdala.
A child with complicated Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Qurainees Ghaya Ibrahim AL , Tufenkeji Haysam Taher
Published: December 2015

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality world-wide, with ever increasing resistance to commonly used antituberculous drugs. Drug-resistant TB was recognized shortly after the introduction of an effective therapy in the late 1940s, the use of streptomycin, which was the first widely used antituberculosis drug. Patients who received this drug usually had marked and rapid clinical improvement, but treatment failures were common after the first three months of therapy. Most children are infected by household contacts who have TB, particularly parents or other caretakers. Common symptoms of pulmonary TB in children include cough (chronic, without improvement for more than three weeks), fever (higher than 38 °C for more than two weeks), and weight loss or failure to thrive. Findings on a physical exam may suggest the presence of a lower respiratory infection, whereas the clinical presentation of extra pulmonary TB depends on the site of disease. The most common forms of extra pulmonary disease in children are TB of the lymph nodes and of the central nervous system. The role of inadequate treatment and poor compliance in the emergence of resistance highlights the importance of the DOT (Direct Observation Therapy) method in improving treatment outcomes and to control the spread of resistance.
Giant Balls of Bacteria Pile Up on Arctic Lake Beds, Ooze Toxin
Authors: Benson Emily
Published: December 2015

Researchers have found cyanobacteria colonies as big as softballs thriving unexpectedly on shallow Greenland lake bottoms, exuding liver-damaging microcystin. Locals dubbed them "sea tomatoes."
The memory of a killer T cell: models of CD8+ T cell differentiation
Authors: Gerritsen Bram , Pandit Aridaman
Published: December 2015

CD8+ T cells have an important role in protection against infections and reinfections of intra‐cellular pathogens like viruses. Naive CD8+ T cells circulating in blood or lymphoid tissues can get activated upon stimulation by cognate antigen. The activated T cells undergo rapid proliferation and can expand more than 104‐folds comprising largely of effector T cells. Upon antigen clearance, the CD8+ T‐cell population contracts due to apoptosis, leaving behind a small population of memory T cells. The timing and mechanisms underlying the differentiation of naive cells into effector cells and memory cells is not yet clear. In this article, we review the recent quantitative studies that support different hypotheses of CD8+ T‐cell differentiation.
Engineering β-sheet peptide assemblies for biomedical applications
Authors: Yu Zhiqiang , Cai Zheng , Chen Qiling , Liu Menghua , Ye Ling , Ren Jiaoyan , Liao Wenzhen , Liu Shuwen
Published: December 2015

Hydrogels have been widely studied in various biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, cell culture, immunotherapy and vaccines, and drug delivery.
Contact angle measurements: a preliminary diagnostic tool for evaluating the performance of ZnFe2O4 nano-flake based supercapacitors
Authors: Vadiyar Madagonda M. , Bhise Sagar C. , Patil Sandip K. , Kolekar Sanjay S. , Shelke Abhijeet R. , Deshpande Nishad G. , Chang Jia-Yaw , Ghule Kaustubh S. , Ghule Anil V.
Published: December 2015

The contact angle of an electrolyte in contact with an electrode is used as an empirical diagnostic tool to pre-evaluate the performance of a supercapacitor prior to the actual fabrication of the device.
Ammonium catalyzed cyclitive additions: evidence for a cation–π interaction with alkynes
Authors: Nagy Edith , St.Germain Elijah , Cosme Patrick , Maity Pradip , Terentis Andrew C. , Lepore Salvatore D.
Published: December 2015

Ammonium salts accelerate cyclitive additions to carbon–carbon triple bonds via a cation–π interaction as observed by Raman spectroscopy.
Selectivity switching resulting in the formation of benzene by surface carbonates on ceria in catalytic gas-phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol
Authors: Dai Yihu , Wu Xin-Ping , Tang Yu , Yang Yanhui , Gong Xue-Qing , Fan Jie
Published: December 2015

The carbonate deposits on CeO2 cause the formation of benzene in gas-phase aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol via easy trapping of CO fragments.
Synthesis of 3-alkyl spiro[4,5]trienones by copper-catalyzed oxidative ipso-annulation of activated alkynes with unactivated alkanes
Authors: Ouyang Xuan-Hui , Song Ren-Jie , Liu Bang , Li Jin-Heng
Published: December 2015

A Cu-catalyzed oxidative ipso-annulation of activated alkynes with unactivated alkanes for the synthesis of 3-alkyl spiro[4,5]trienones is described.
High-pressure stabilization of argon fluorides
Authors: Kurzydłowski Dominik , Zaleski-Ejgierd Patryk
Published: December 2015

Argon forms isolated molecules stable solely in low temperature matrices or supersonic jet streams. We present hybrid DFT theoretical investigations into a new high-pressure reaction pathway, which enables synthesis of argon difluoride (ArF2) in bulk and at room temperature.
Heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation spectroscopy of polyacrylic acid at the air/water-interface
Authors: Balzerowski Patrick , Meister Konrad , Versluis Jan , Bakker Huib J.
Published: December 2015

A complete picture of the surface affinity and structure of polyacrylic acid at the air–water interface was determined.
Flexibility in MOFs: do scalar and group-theoretical counting rules work?
Authors: Marmier A. , Evans K. E.
Published: December 2015

Counting rules derived from mechanical engineering and rigidity theory are applied to MOFs. Scalar versions fail to predict flexibility, but group-theoretical variant succeed. The algorithm is presented in detail and two examples are solved step-by-step.
Nucleophilic ring-opening of iron(iii)-hydroxy-isoporphyrin
Authors: Bhuyan Jagannath
Published: December 2015

The reactions of iron(iii) hydroxyisoporphyrin, chloro[5-(hydroxy)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methyl)-5,21H-porphinato]iron(iii) [Fe(4-Me-HTPI)(Cl)]−, 1 and chloro[5-(hydroxy)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-methoxy-5,21H-porphinato]iron(iii) [Fe(4-OMe-HTPI)(Cl)]−, 2 with different O−, N− and S− nucleophiles have been performed to understand the reactivity of iron isoporphyrins with nucleophiles.
Neutral nickel(ii) phthalocyanine as a stable catalyst for visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution from water
Authors: Yuan Yong-Jun , Tu Ji-Ren , Lu Hong-Wei , Yu Zhen-Tao , Fan Xiao-Xing , Zou Zhi-Gang
Published: December 2015

A neutral nickel(ii) phthalocyanine complex with two Ni–N sigma bonds was reported to be a highly stable catalyst for visible-light-driven H2 production from water in a homogeneous system when paired with an iridium(iii) photosensitizer and triethanolamine as a sacrificial electron donor.
Rhodium complexes as therapeutic agents
Authors: Ma Dik-Lung , Wang Modi , Mao Zhifeng , Yang Chao , Ng Chan-Tat , Leung Chung-Hang
Published: December 2015

This perspective highlights recent examples of rhodium complexes that show diverse biological activities against various targets, including enzymes and protein–protein interactions.
First coordination compounds based on a bis(imino nitroxide) biradical and 4f metal ions: synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic properties
Authors: Reis Samira G. , Briganti Matteo , Martins Daniel O. T. A. , Akpinar Handan , Calancea Sergiu , Guedes Guilherme P. , Soriano Stéphane , Andruh Marius , Cassaro Rafael A. A. , Lahti Paul M. , Totti Federico , Vaz Maria G. F.
Published: December 2015

The synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of lanthanide-biradical complexes are reported.
Access to novel fluorovinylidene ligands via exploitation of outer-sphere electrophilic fluorination: new insights into C–F bond formation and activation
Authors: Milner Lucy M. , Hall Lewis M. , Pridmore Natalie E. , Skeats Matthew K. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Lynam Jason M. , Slattery John M.
Published: December 2015

Metal fluorovinylidene complexes have been synthesised for the first time by direct electrophilic fluorination of metal alkynyls.
Solar energy conversion properties and defect physics of ZnSiP2
Authors: Martinez Aaron D. , Warren Emily L. , Gorai Prashun , Borup Kasper A. , Kuciauskas Darius , Dippo Patricia C. , Ortiz Brenden R. , Macaluso Robin T. , Nguyen Sau D. , Greenaway Ann L. , Boettcher Shannon W. , Norman Andrew G. , Stevanović Vladan , Toberer Eric S. , Tamboli Adele C.
Published: December 2015

ZnSiP2is a promising candidate for lattice-matched tandem photovoltaics on silicon. Here, we explore the defect physics, luminescence, and photoelectrochemical performance of this potential top cell material.
Vertically oriented cobalt selenide/NiFe layered-double-hydroxide nanosheets supported on exfoliated graphene foil: an efficient 3D electrode for overall water splitting
Authors: Hou Yang , Lohe Martin R. , Zhang Jian , Liu Shaohua , Zhuang Xiaodong , Feng Xinliang
Published: December 2015

A 3D ternary hybrid containing Co0.85Se nanosheet-array and NiFe-LDH grown on electrochemically exfoliated graphene was synthesized for highly-efficient overall water-splitting.’
A nanoporous oxygen evolution catalyst synthesized by selective electrochemical etching of perovskite hydroxide CoSn(OH)6nanocubes
Authors: Song Fang , Schenk Kurt , Hu Xile
Published: December 2015

Large nanocubes of perovskite hydroxide CoSn(OH)6can be electrochemically etched to form hierarchical nanoporous CoOxwith high catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction.
Microfluidic platform for reproducible self-assembly of chemically communicating droplet networks with predesigned number and type of the communicating compartments
Authors: Guzowski Jan , Gizynski Konrad , Gorecki Jerzy , Garstecki Piotr
Published: December 2015

We report a microfluidic method for generation and studying model chemical networks comprising multiple communicating liquid compartments.
Photodynamic treatment with hexyl-aminolevulinate mediates reversible thiol oxidation in core oxidative stress signaling proteins
Authors: Helander Linda , Sharma Animesh , Krokan Hans E. , Plaetzer Kristjan , Krammer Barbara , Tortik Nicole , Gederaas Odrun A. , Slupphaug Geir , Hagen Lars
Published: December 2015

HAL-PDT mediates reversible cysteine oxidation in core proteins involved in oxidative stress and apoptotic signalling.
Monitoring cytosolic and ER Zn2+ in stimulated breast cancer cells using genetically encoded FRET sensors
Authors: Hessels Anne M. , Taylor Kathryn M. , Merkx Maarten
Published: December 2015

Unexpectedly, monitoring cytosolic and ER Zn2+ using FRET sensor proteins does not support EGF–ionomycin-triggered Zn2+ waves in breast cancer cells.
Lead neurotoxicity: exploring the potential impact of lead substitution in zinc-finger proteins on mental health
Authors: Ordemann Jacqueline Michelle , Austin Rachel Narehood
Published: December 2015

This critical review focuses on one possible link between the cellular biology of lead and its neurotoxic effects: the link between Pb2+substitution for Zn2+in zinc-finger proteins and mental illness in adulthood.
Facile synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) nanoporous NiO nanosheets from metal–organic frameworks with superior capacitive properties
Authors: Sun Zhipeng , Hui Lan , Ran Wensheng , Lu Yi , Jia Dianzeng
Published: December 2015

2D nanoporous NiO nanosheets were synthesized from metal–organic frameworks as precursors using a facile method, which exhibited superior capacitive properties.
A simple one-pot Adams method route to conductive high surface area IrO2–TiO2 materials
Authors: Oakton Emma , Lebedev Dmitry , Fedorov Alexey , Krumeich Frank , Tillier Jeremy , Sereda Olha , Schmidt Thomas J. , Copéret Christophe
Published: December 2015

The Adams method is used to prepare IrO2–TiO2 materials, composed of nanoparticles, whose electrical conductivity follows percolation theory.
Recent advances in engineering nonribosomal peptide assembly lines
Authors: Winn M. , Fyans J. K. , Zhuo Y. , Micklefield J.
Published: December 2015

This reviews summarises progress towards the engineering of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) from the expression of heterologous tailoring enzymes to direct modifications of the assembly lines to produce analogues. New techniques/tools for introducing changes are also examined.
Improving the photocatalytic hydrogen production of Ag/g-C3N4nanocomposites by dye-sensitization under visible light irradiation
Authors: Qin Jiayi , Huo Jingpei , Zhang Piyong , Zeng Jian , Wang Tingting , Zeng Heping
Published: December 2015

Fluorescein-sensitized Ag/g-C3N4nanocomposites have a remarkably enhanced photocatalytic activity for hydrogen production under visible light.
Asymmetric AgPd–AuNR heterostructure with enhanced photothermal performance and SERS activity
Authors: Zhang Han , Liu Zeke , Kang Xiaolin , Guo Jun , Ma Wanli , Cheng Si
Published: December 2015

A general approach is proposed for the first time for the fabrication of an asymmetric AgPd–AuNR heterostructure with an enhanced photothermal heating performance and SERS activity through a galvanic replacement reaction and an Oswald ripening process.
On-chip discrimination of orbital angular momentum of light with plasmonic nanoslits
Authors: Mei Shengtao , Huang Kun , Liu Hong , Qin Fei , Mehmood Muhammad Q. , Xu Zhengji , Hong Minghui , Zhang Daohua , Teng Jinghua , Danner Aaron , Qiu Cheng-Wei
Published: December 2015

The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light can be taken as an independent and orthogonal degree of freedom for multiplexing in an optical communication system, potentially improving the system capacity to hundreds of Tbits per second.
In situ direct growth of single crystalline metal (Co, Ni) selenium nanosheets on metal fibers as counter electrodes toward low-cost, high-performance fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Chen Liang , Yin Hexing , Zhou Yong , Dai Hui , Yu Tao , Liu Jianguo , Zou Zhigang
Published: December 2015

Highly crystalline metal (Co, Ni) selenium (Co0.85Se or Ni0.85Se) nanosheets were in situ grown on metal (Co, Ni) fibers (M–M0.85Se).
Chemically doped fluorescent carbon and graphene quantum dots for bioimaging, sensor, catalytic and photoelectronic applications
Authors: Du Yan , Guo Shaojun
Published: December 2015

Chemical doping for fluorescent carbon dots endows acceptable properties for diverse applications.
Stable J-aggregation enabled dual photoacoustic and fluorescence nanoparticles for intraoperative cancer imaging
Authors: Shakiba Mojdeh , Ng Kenneth K. , Huynh Elizabeth , Chan Harley , Charron Danielle M. , Chen Juan , Muhanna Nidal , Foster F. Stuart , Wilson Brian C. , Zheng Gang
Published: December 2015

J-aggregates display nanoscale optical properties which enable their use in fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging applications.
Reversible switching of structural and plasmonic properties of liquid-crystalline gold nanoparticle assemblies
Authors: Lewandowski W. , Łojewska T. , Szustakiewicz P. , Mieczkowski J. , Pociecha D.
Published: December 2015

An active plasmonic material based on Au nanoparticles is shown to reversibly switch with temperature between two long-range ordered structures.
Design and synthesis of dihydroisoquinolones for fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD)
Authors: Palmer Nick , Peakman Torren M. , Norton David , Rees David C.
Published: December 2015

FBDD creates new opportunities for synthetic chemistry.
Synthesis and activity of a novel inhibitor of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Gotham Victoria J. B. , Hobbs Melanie C. , Burgin Ryan , Turton David , Smythe Carl , Coldham Iain
Published: December 2015

A new route to a tetracyclic lactam was developed and the product, called VG1, was found to inhibit nonsense-mediated mRNA decay at μM concentrations.
An ideal detector composed of a 3D Gd-based coordination polymer for DNA and Hg2+ ion
Authors: Zhao Shu-Na , Wu Lan-Lan , Feng Jing , Song Shu-Yan , Zhang Hong-Jie
Published: December 2015

A 3D Gd-based CP was employed as an effective fluorescent sensing platform for DNA and Hg2+ ion detection with sensitivity and selectivity, due to its ability to highly quench fluorescence and its different affinities toward ssDNA and dsDNA.
Rhenium and base co-catalyzed [3 + 2] annulations of N–H ketimines and alkynes to access unprotected tertiary indenamines through C–H bond activation
Authors: Jin Xiqing , Yang Xiaoxu , Yang Yunhui , Wang Congyang
Published: December 2015

A rhenium and base co-catalyzed [3 + 2] carbocyclization of N–H ketimines and alkynes through C–H bond activation is developed.
Construction of pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoindol-8(3aH)-one derivatives via phosphine-catalyzed cyclization of electron-deficient alkynes and N-amino substituted phthalimide
Authors: Zhou Qing-Fa , Ge Fei-Fei , Chen Qing-Qing , Lu Tao
Published: December 2015

A novel method for the synthesis of diversely functionalized pyrazolo[5,1-a]isoindol-8(3aH)-ones is developed via phosphine-catalyzed reaction of electron-deficient alkynes and N-amino substituted phthalimide.
Room temperature triethylamine sensing properties of polyaniline–WO3 nanocomposites with p–n heterojunctions
Authors: Bai Shouli , Ma Yaqiang , Luo Ruixian , Chen Aifan , Li Dianqing
Published: December 2015

A smart sensor based on PANI–WO3 nanocomposite loaded on PET thin film not only exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity to triethylamine at room temperature, but also has flexibility, simple fabrication and portable characters.
Photodegradation of organic dyes based on anatase and rutile TiO2nanoparticles
Authors: Gautam Ashish , Kshirsagar Anuraj , Biswas Rahul , Banerjee Shaibal , Khanna Pawan K.
Published: December 2015

Dye degradation study using anatase and rutile titania suggests maximum efficiency of about 88% using anatase phase for MB under short UV light however, the maximum degradation under long UV light was not more than 65% (anatase/ rutile/EBT).
Expedient Baylis–Hillman reaction protocol to functionalize cyclohexa-2,4-dienones
Authors: Chittimalla Santhosh Kumar , Koodalingam Manikandan , Bandi Chennakesavulu , Putturu Sireesha , Kuppusamy Rajesh
Published: December 2015

Several maskedo-benzoquinone (MOBs) derivatives successfully took part in the Baylis–Hillman reaction with various aldehydes and ketones to furnish the corresponding condensation products in this study.
Plasmonic paper: a porous and flexible substrate enabling nanoparticle-based combinatorial chemistry
Authors: Schmucker Abrin L. , Tadepalli Sirimuvva , Liu Keng-Ku , Sullivan Claretta J. , Singamaneni Srikanth , Naik Rajesh R.
Published: December 2015

The physical properties and manipulation of the nanomaterials immobilized on paper substrate offers tremendous potential for a variety of applications.
A novel theoretical study of thermally-induced reaction and vibration dynamics of methanol dissociative adsorption onto a Si(001) surface
Authors: Lee Yung Ting , Lin Jyh Shing
Published: December 2015

The thermally-induced reaction and vibration dynamics of methanol dissociative adsorption onto a Si(001) surface is studied by combining temperature-dependent DFT-based MD simulations with molecular adsorption sampling and wavelet transform.
A simple and low-cost fully 3D-printed non-planar emulsion generator
Authors: Zhang Jia Ming , Li Er Qiang , Aguirre-Pablo Andres A. , Thoroddsen Sigurdur T.
Published: December 2015

We propose a low-cost 3D-printed emulsion generator. The 3-D pinch-off junction eliminates the need for surface treatment as the inner liquid never touches the channel wall. The same device can therefore pinch off both inner drops of oil or water.
Highly sensitive and stabilized sensing of 6-benzylaminopurine based on NiCo2O4 nanosuperstructures
Authors: Gong Lingshan , Yan Huixiang , Dai Hong , Zhang Shupei , Li Yilin , Zhang Qingrong , Lin Yanyu , Hong Zhensheng
Published: December 2015

An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor based on NiCo2O4 nanosuperstructures was proposed to determine 6-benzylaminopurine contamination in food.
Aryldihydronaphthalene-type lignans from Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides and their antimitotic mechanism of action
Authors: Mojica Mayra Antúnez , León Alejandra , Rojas-Sepúlveda Andrés M. , Marquina Silvia , Mendieta-Serrano Mario A. , Salas-Vidal Enrique , Villarreal María Luisa , Alvarez Laura
Published: December 2015

Three new aryldihydronaphthalene-type lignans were isolated and characterized from the stem bark of Bursera fagaroides var. fagaroides. Their antimitotic action mechanism by disturbing microtubule cytoskeleton was demonstrated by using the developing zebrafish embryos model.
Near-post meniscus-induced migration and assembly of bubbles
Authors: Liu Jianlin , Li Shanpeng , Hou Jian
Published: December 2015

A bubble near a post-induced meniscus moves to the highest position of the triple contact line.
Influence of side chains on the self-alignment capability of electroluminescent polyfluorenes
Authors: Lee Sunyoung , Yang Yooseong , Kwon Sunchul , Jung Youngsuk
Published: December 2015

The side chain structure plays a critical role in the orientation propagation of an aligned seed layer into the bulk of the polyfluorene film by heating into its nematic melt state.
Graphene oxide-based nanomaterials for efficient photoenergy conversion
Authors: Yeh Te-Fu , Teng Chiao-Yi , Chen Liang-Che , Chen Shean-Jen , Teng Hsisheng
Published: December 2015

Graphene oxide nanomaterials with tunable electronic properties act as efficient photoenergy-conversion media in photoluminescence, photovoltaics, and photocatalytic water splitting.
Binder-free graphene as an advanced anode for lithium batteries
Authors: Sun Haiyan , Del Rio Castillo Antonio Esau , Monaco Simone , Capasso Andrea , Ansaldo Alberto , Prato Mirko , Dinh Duc Anh , Pellegrini Vittorio , Scrosati Bruno , Manna Liberato , Bonaccorso Francesco
Published: December 2015

A binder-free graphene anode for Li-ion batteries showing a reversible specific capacity of ∼500 mA h g−1after 100 cycles is demonstrated.
Hybrid organic–inorganic H2-evolving photocathodes: understanding the route towards high performance organic photoelectrochemical water splitting
Authors: Fumagalli Francesco , Bellani Sebastiano , Schreier Marcel , Leonardi Silvia , Rojas Hansel Comas , Ghadirzadeh Alì , Tullii Gabriele , Savoini Alberto , Marra Gianluigi , Meda Laura , Grätzel Michael , Lanzani Guglielmo , Mayer Matthew T. , Antognazza Maria Rosa , Di Fonzo Fabio
Published: December 2015

The photocathode exhibits 100% Faradaic efficiency and a photocurrent density of 3 mA cm2at 0.0 V RHE.
Fused heterocycle-based energetic salts: alliance of pyrazole and 1,2,3-triazole
Authors: Yin Ping , He Chunlin , Shreeve Jean'ne M.
Published: December 2015

Fused heterocycle-based salts consisting of pyrazole and 1,2,3-triazole were synthesized, characterized and their energetic properties were studied.
Solution-processed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanocomposite paper electrodes for high-capacitance flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Tammela Petter , Huo Jinxing , Zhang Peng , Strømme Maria , Nyholm Leif
Published: December 2015

Nanostructured flexible PEDOT paper can be constructed by straightforward chemical polymerization on nanocellulose building blocks, yielding a high surface area, low sheet resistance and outstanding capacitive performance.
Injectable in situ forming poly(l-glutamic acid) hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Yan Shifeng , Zhang Xin , Zhang Kunxi , Di Hao , Feng Long , Li Guifei , Fang Jianjun , Cui Lei , Chen Xuesi , Yin Jingbo
Published: December 2015

Injectable, in situ forming hydrogels have exhibited many advantages in regenerative medicine.
Polymeric complex micelles based on the double-hydrazone linkage and dual drug-loading strategy for pH-sensitive docetaxel delivery
Authors: Su Zhihui , Liang Yanchao , Yao Yao , Wang Tianqi , Zhang Na
Published: December 2015

Complex micelles, which integrated double-hydrazone linkage and dual drug-loading patterns, were constructed for the first time.
Enhanced AIE and different stimuli-responses in red fluorescent (1,3-dimethyl)barbituric acid-functionalized anthracenes
Authors: Yin Guohui , Ma Yawen , Xiong Yao , Cao Xiaohui , Li Yang , Chen Ligong
Published: December 2015

Two structurally simple and red light-emitting AIE luminogens, (1,3-dimethyl)barbituric acid-functionalized anthracenes (B-A and DMB-A), were designed and synthesized.
CydDC-mediated reductant export in Escherichia coli controls the transcriptional wiring of energy metabolism and combats nitrosative stress
Authors: Holyoake Louise V. , Hunt Stuart , Sanguinetti Guido , Cook Gregory M. , Howard Mark J. , Rowe Michelle L. , Poole Robert K. , Shepherd Mark
Published: December 2015

The glutathione/cysteine exporter CydDC maintains redox balance in Escherichia coli. A cydD mutant strain was used to probe the influence of CydDC upon reduced thiol export, gene expression, metabolic perturbations, intracellular pH homoeostasis and tolerance to nitric oxide (NO). Loss of CydDC was found to decrease extracytoplasmic thiol levels, whereas overexpression diminished the cytoplasmic thiol content. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a dramatic up-regulation of protein chaperones, protein degradation (via phenylpropionate/phenylacetate catabolism), β-oxidation of fatty acids and genes involved in nitrate/nitrite reduction. 1H NMR metabolomics revealed elevated methionine and betaine and diminished acetate and NAD+ in cydD cells, which was consistent with the transcriptomics-based metabolic model. The growth rate and ΔpH, however, were unaffected, although the cydD strain did exhibit sensitivity to the NO-releasing compound NOC-12. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the loss of CydDC-mediated reductant export promotes protein misfolding, adaptations to energy metabolism and sensitivity to NO. The addition of both glutathione and cysteine to the medium was found to complement the loss of bd-type cytochrome synthesis in a cydD strain (a key component of the pleiotropic cydDC phenotype), providing the first direct evidence that CydDC substrates are able to restore the correct assembly of this respiratory oxidase. These data provide an insight into the metabolic flexibility of E. coli, highlight the importance of bacterial redox homoeostasis during nitrosative stress, and report for the first time the ability of periplasmic low molecular weight thiols to restore haem incorporation into a cytochrome complex.
Enhanced OXPHOS, glutaminolysis and β-oxidation constitute the metastatic phenotype of melanoma cells
Authors: Rodrigues Mariana F. , Obre Emilie , de Melo Fabiana H.M. , Santos Gilson C. , Galina Antonio , Jasiulionis Miriam G. , Rossignol Rodrigue , Rumjanek Franklin D. , Amoêdo Nivea D.
Published: December 2015

Tumours display different cell populations with distinct metabolic phenotypes. Thus, subpopulations can adjust to different environments, particularly with regard to oxygen and nutrient availability. Our results indicate that progression to metastasis requires mitochondrial function. Our research, centered on cell lines that display increasing degrees of malignancy, focused on metabolic events, especially those involving mitochondria, which could reveal which stages are mechanistically associated with metastasis. Melanocytes were subjected to several cycles of adhesion impairment, producing stable cell lines exhibiting phenotypes representing a progression from non-tumorigenic to metastatic cells. Metastatic cells (4C11+) released the highest amounts of lactate, part of which was derived from glutamine catabolism. The 4C11+ cells also displayed an increased oxidative metabolism, accompanied by enhanced rates of oxygen consumption coupled to ATP synthesis. Enhanced mitochondrial function could not be explained by an increase in mitochondrial content or mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, 4C11+ cells had a higher ATP content, and increased succinate oxidation (complex II activity) and fatty acid oxidation. In addition, 4C11+ cells exhibited a 2-fold increase in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmit). Consistently, functional assays showed that the migration of cells depended on glutaminase activity. Metabolomic analysis revealed that 4C11+ cells could be grouped as a subpopulation with a profile that was quite distinct from the other cells investigated in the present study. The results presented here have centred on how the multiple metabolic inputs of tumour cells may converge to compose the so-called metastatic phenotype.
Role and Responsibilities of AAC Manufacturers' Consultants in the SGD Funding Process
Authors: Navrotski Darlette
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the role of the manufacturers' representatives in the funding process. Input from 3 different manufacturers' representatives are provided, along with examples of actual scenarios. It outlines the type of support that manufacturers and their representatives can provide to speech-language pathologists and to the funding process as a whole.
Harmonic suppression modulation strategy for ultra‐sparse matrix converter
Authors: Shi Tingna , Zhang Xun , An Shaobo , Yan Yan , Xia Changliang
Published: December 2015

This study presents two improved modulation strategies for ultra‐sparse matrix converter to solve the problem of high total harmonic distortion (THD) under the circumstance of low‐voltage transfer ratio. When the load power is low, the first strategy reselects the medium and the lowest positive line‐to‐line voltages to synthesise a lower dc‐link voltage. Thus, the same output performances with the increased voltage transfer ratio will be achieved, and the THD of output voltage is decreased effectively. The second strategy is realised by rearranging the sequences of active vectors in rectifier stage and by adding suitable zero space vectors in inverter stage to widen pulses. Thus, the number of narrow pulses is decreased and the THD of output voltage then will be further reduced. Under the condition of normal operation of the load, both proposed strategies can improve the input and load currents without increasing the switching losses. The improved strategies are proposed for the application of AC motor speed regulation, and can be easily implemented in software with no need of any additional hardware modifications. Experimental results are given to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategies.
Realisation of ‘more electric ships’ through a modular, efficient, tank‐less and non‐resonant inverter
Authors: Chaitanya Moreddy Abhinava , Maswood Ali Iftekar , Meng Yeong Lee , Gupta Amit Kumar
Published: December 2015

During the past few decades, a constant global effort to increase clean energy production by driving down the overall production and conversion costs has paved way for many efficiency‐enhancing technologies in the field of power electronics. Marine propulsion systems incorporating power inverter systems have become the ‘new frontier’ for various marine utility applications. Hence, an inverter system with high efficiency and faultless performance has become a necessity. A novel tank‐less, non‐resonant soft‐switched inverter that operates at high switching frequency is presented in this study. High‐frequency inverter operation offers advantages in terms of power quality, output voltage distortions, and dynamic current control. The proposed inverter topology is able to achieve zero current/voltage switching throughout the load operating range without the use of any bulky resonant tank circuit. Key results of the inverter operating at 5 kHz and with a load power of 1 kW are documented. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the design.
Circulating current control strategy for parallel full‐scale wind power converters
Authors: Lyu Jing , Zhang Jianwen , Cai Xu , Wang Haisong , Dai Jinshui
Published: December 2015

Converter parallel techniques can increase the power rating, but there is a circulating current problem. Therefore, this study focuses on the circulating current problem in parallel full‐scale wind power converter systems. The general definition of circulating currents is first introduced. The concept of circulating current percentage is then defined to quantitatively analyse the relatively serious situation of circulating currents for parallel converter systems. Then, the generation mechanisms of circulating currents are analysed based on the mathematical model of circulating currents. Actually, circulating currents can be regarded as a kind of disturbance to the load currents of a parallel system. Thereby, a novel control strategy, based on circulating current feed‐forward compensation for parallel converter systems, is proposed and a feed‐forward controller is designed. Finally, simulations based on MATLAB/Simulink and hardware‐in‐loop experiments based on RT‐LAB are carried out. Both simulation and experimental results validate the proposed circulating current control method.
Digital regulation scheme for multimode primary‐side controlled flyback converter
Authors: Xu Shen , Cheng Songlin , Wang Chong , Lu Shengli , Sun Weifeng
Published: December 2015

This study described a novel digital regulation scheme for multimode primary‐side controlled flyback converter. This approach ensured good energy continuity at the modes transition points of the converter. Compared with the normal control methods, the proposed digital regulation scheme could achieve smooth modes transition and suppress the large output voltage ripple when the converter works at the boundaries of different working modes. A prototype of a multimode primary‐side controlled flyback converter had been made to verify the proposed digital regulation scheme.
Zero‐voltage‐switching buck converter with low‐voltage stress using coupled inductor
Authors: Chen Guipeng , Deng Yan , He Xiangning , Wang Yousheng , Zhang Jiangfeng
Published: December 2015

This study presents a new zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) buck converter. The proposed converter utilises a coupled inductor to implement the output filter inductor as well as the auxiliary inductor which is commonly employed to realise ZVS for switches. Additional magnetic core for the auxiliary inductor in traditional ZVS converters is eliminated and hence reduced cost is achieved. Moreover, thanks to the series connection between the input and output, the switch voltage stress in the steady state is reduced and thus the ZVS operation can be easier achieved. Then the leakage inductor current circulating in the auxiliary switch is decreased, contributing to reduced conduction losses. In particular, low‐voltage rating devices with low on‐state resistance can be adopted to further improve efficiency in applications with non‐zero output voltage all the time, such as the battery charger. Furthermore, the reverse‐recovery problem of the diode is significantly alleviated by the leakage inductor of coupled inductor. In the study, operation principle and steady‐state analysis of the proposed converter are presented in detail. Meanwhile, design considerations are given to obtain circuit parameters. Finally, simulations and experiments on a 200 W prototype circuit validate the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Characterizing the formation and regeneration of hairpin vortices in a laminar boundary layer
Authors: Sabatino Daniel R. , Maharjan Rijan
Published: December 2015

A free surface water channel is used to study hairpin vortex formation created by fluid injection through a narrow slot into a laminar boundary layer. Particle image velocimetry flow-field measurements of injections into quiescent cross-flow conditions confirm that elongated ring vortices are produced with a nondimensionalized circulation strength that is approximately linear with formation time. Unlike circular ring vortices, a limiting strength is not observed at a nondimensional formation time of 4 due to the proximity of the counter-rotating vortex pair. Identical injections are made into a laminar boundary layer at different free-stream velocities and streamwise slot positions (485 ≤ Reδ∗ ≤ 584) with average injection velocity ratios between 0.08 and 0.16. Visualizations indicate that the shear layer between the low x-momentum injected fluid and the boundary layer creates a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability that forms the hairpin vortex head which then monotonically decreases in circulation strength with downstream distance. A similar process can form, or regenerate, a secondary hairpin vortex upstream of the primary vortex with a circulation strength of the head that is comparable to the strength of the primary head at the time of regeneration. However, the legs of the primary vortex continue to strengthen up to regeneration. The peak circulation in the legs is not directly correlated to the strength of the original elongated ring vortex. However, when the circulation is scaled with the injection momentum ratio it is linearly related to scaled injection time. It is proposed that the injection momentum ratio and nondimensionalized injection time based on the wall normal penetration time can be used to identify threshold conditions which produce a secondary vortex. It is suggested that this criterion may be used to identify the minimum strength of flow structures that would be capable of regeneration and thus transition initiation.
Inertia-driven particle migration and mixing in a wall-bounded laminar suspension flow
Authors: Loisel V. , Abbas M. , Masbernat O. , Climent E.
Published: December 2015

Laminar pressure-driven suspension flows are studied in the situation of neutrally buoyant particles at finite Reynolds number. The numerical method is validated for homogeneous particle distribution (no lateral migration across the channel): the increase of particle slip velocities and particle stress with inertia and concentration is in agreement with former works in the literature. In the case of a two-phase channel flow with freely moving particles, migration towards the channel walls due to the Segré-Silberberg effect is observed, leading to the development of a non-uniform concentration profile in the wall-normal direction (the concentration peaks in the wall region and tends towards zero in the channel core). The particle accumulation in the region of highest shear favors the shear-induced particle interactions and agitation, the profile of which appears to be correlated to the concentration profile. A 1D model predicting particle agitation, based on the kinetic theory of granular flows in the quenched state regime when Stokes number St = O(1) and from numerical simulations when St < 1, fails to reproduce the agitation profile in the wall normal direction. Instead, the existence of secondary flows is clearly evidenced by long time simulations. These are composed of a succession of contra-rotating structures, correlated with the development of concentration waves in the transverse direction. The mechanism proposed to explain the onset of this transverse instability is based on the development of a lift force induced by spanwise gradient of the axial velocity fluctuations. The establishment of the concentration profile in the wall-normal direction therefore results from the combination of the mean flow Segré-Silberberg induced migration, which tends to stratify the suspension and secondary flows which tend to mix the particles over the channel cross section.
Causal mechanisms in airfoil-circulation formation
Authors: Zhu J. Y. , Liu T. S. , Liu L. Q. , Zou S. F. , Wu J. Z.
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we trace the dynamic origin, rather than any kinematic interpretations, of lift in two-dimensional flow to the physical root of airfoil circulation. We show that the key causal process is the vorticity creation by tangent pressure gradient at the airfoil surface via no-slip condition, of which the theoretical basis has been given by Lighthill [“Introduction: Boundary layer theory,” in Laminar Boundary Layers, edited by L. Rosenhead (Clarendon Press, 1963), pp. 46–113], which we further elaborate. This mechanism can be clearly revealed in terms of vorticity formulation but is hidden in conventional momentum formulation, and hence has long been missing in the history of one’s efforts to understand lift. By a careful numerical simulation of the flow around a NACA-0012 airfoil, and using both Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions, we illustrate the detailed transient process by which the airfoil gains its circulation and demonstrate the dominating role of relevant dynamical causal mechanisms at the boundary. In so doing, we find that the various statements for the establishment of Kutta condition in steady inviscid flow actually correspond to a sequence of events in unsteady viscous flow.
Two-dimensional colloidal fluids exhibiting pattern formation
Authors: Chacko Blesson , Chalmers Christopher , Archer Andrew J.
Published: December 2015

Fluids with competing short range attraction and long range repulsive interactions between the particles can exhibit a variety of microphase separated structures. We develop a lattice-gas (generalised Ising) model and analyse the phase diagram using Monte Carlo computer simulations and also with density functional theory (DFT). The DFT predictions for the structures formed are in good agreement with the results from the simulations, which occur in the portion of the phase diagram where the theory predicts the uniform fluid to be linearly unstable. However, the mean-field DFT does not correctly describe the transitions between the different morphologies, which the simulations show to be analogous to micelle formation. We determine how the heat capacity varies as the model parameters are changed. There are peaks in the heat capacity at state points where the morphology changes occur. We also map the lattice model onto a continuum DFT that facilitates a simplification of the stability analysis of the uniform fluid.
Dust-ion-acoustic envelopes and modulational instability with relativistic degenerate electrons
Authors: Irfan M. , Ali S. , Mirza Arshad M.
Published: December 2015

Amplitude modulated unstable nonlinear structures have been studied in a three component dusty plasma consisting of degenerate relativistic electrons, degenerate ions, and negatively charged static dust grains. Following the multiscale reductive perturbation method, a nonlinear Schrödinger equation is derived, which not only admits the modulational instability but also causes the evolution of unstable excitations, namely, bright solitons and rogons. Numerical analysis illustrates that modulationally unstable wave envelopes are obtained in the limit of long wave number for taking cold and nondegenerate ions (the ratio of ion Fermi-to-electron rest mass energy, g = 0); however, the ionic Fermi pressure leads to stable excitations. It is observed that modulationally unstable wave packets are excited even for ultra small wave number (k≪1) when the dust concentration parameter exists in the range μc1<μ<μc2, where μc1 and μc2 being the critical values. Furthermore, it is revealed that these critical values are quite sensitive to the variation of electron relativistic degeneracy (ηe0) and the carrier wave number. The present results elucidate the important features of localized dust-ion-acoustic excitations due to self interactions in superdense astrophysical plasmas, viz., white dwarf, neutron stars, etc.
Radiation hardness assessment of the charge-integrating hybrid pixel detector JUNGFRAU 1.0 for photon science
Authors: Jungmann-Smith J. H. , Bergamaschi A. , Brückner M. , Cartier S. , Dinapoli R. , Greiffenberg D. , Jaggi A. , Maliakal D. , Mayilyan D. , Medjoubi K. , Mezza D. , Mozzanica A. , Ramilli M. , Ruder Ch. , Schädler L. , Schmitt B. , Shi X. , Tinti G.
Published: December 2015

JUNGFRAU (adJUstiNg Gain detector FoR the Aramis User station) is a two-dimensional hybrid pixel detector for photon science applications in free electron lasers, particularly SwissFEL, and synchrotron light sources. JUNGFRAU is an automatic gain switching, charge-integrating detector which covers a dynamic range of more than 104 photons of an energy of 12 keV with a good linearity, uniformity of response, and spatial resolving power. The JUNGFRAU 1.0 application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) features a 256 × 256 pixel matrix of 75 × 75 μm2 pixels and is bump-bonded to a 320 μm thick Si sensor. Modules of 2 × 4 chips cover an area of about 4 × 8 cm2. Readout rates in excess of 2 kHz enable linear count rate capabilities of 20 MHz (at 12 keV) and 50 MHz (at 5 keV). The tolerance of JUNGFRAU to radiation is a key issue to guarantee several years of operation at free electron lasers and synchrotrons. The radiation hardness of JUNGFRAU 1.0 is tested with synchrotron radiation up to 10 MGy of delivered dose. The effect of radiation-induced changes on the noise, baseline, gain, and gain switching is evaluated post-irradiation for both the ASIC and the hybridized assembly. The bare JUNGFRAU 1.0 chip can withstand doses as high as 10 MGy with minor changes to its noise and a reduction in the preamplifier gain. The hybridized assembly, in particular the sensor, is affected by the photon irradiation which mainly shows as an increase in the leakage current. Self-healing of the system is investigated during a period of 11 weeks after the delivery of the radiation dose. Annealing radiation-induced changes by bake-out at 100 °C is investigated. It is concluded that the JUNGFRAU 1.0 pixel is sufficiently radiation-hard for its envisioned applications at SwissFEL and synchrotron beam lines.