bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Csp2—H Activation for Direct Aryl Hydroxylation: The Unprecedented Role of 1,4‐Dioxane as a Source of Hydroxyl Radicals.
Authors: Seth Kapileswar , Nautiyal Manesh , Purohit Priyank , Parikh Naisargee , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: May 2015

The novel direct aryl hydroxylation of heterocycles results via aryl C—H activation by generation of hydroxyl radicals from 1,4—dioxane which is used as solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Carboxylate‐Directed C—H Arylation of Aryl Carboxylic Acids with Iodobenzenes in Water.
Authors: Xu Zhongmiao , Yang Ting , Lin Xichen , Elliott John D. , Ren Feng
Published: May 2015

The Pd‐catalyzed reaction of carboxylic acids with iodobenzenes in water in the presence of the surfactant Tween 20 produces selectively ortho‐monoarylated products in good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H/C—C Activation Sequence: Vinylcyclopropanes as Versatile Synthons in Direct C—H Allylation Reactions.
Authors: Wu Jia‐Qiang , Qiu Zhi‐Ping , Zhang Shang‐Shi , Liu Jing‐Gong , Lao Ye‐Xing , Gu Lian‐Quan , Huang Zhi‐Shu , Li Juan , Wang Honggen
Published: May 2015

The reaction offers a simple and practical route for the synthesis of allylated arenes and skipped dienes with good stereoselectivity and high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Cycloheptatrienes from N‐Tosylhydrazones: Transition‐Metal‐Free Buechner Ring Expansion.
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Feng Jiajie , Xu Yan , Zhang Songnan , Ye Yuxuan , Li Tianjiao , Wang Xie , Chen Jun , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: May 2015

The reaction efficiency is influenced by the properties of the N‐tosylarylhydrazones, with aryl substituents equipped with an electron‐donating 4‐methoxy or 2‐methyl group providing only low or trace amounts of product, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Intermolecular Nitroaminoxylation of Terminal Aromatic Alkynes: Trapping Alkenyl Radicals by TEMPO.
Authors: Yan Hong , Rong Guangwei , Liu Defu , Zheng Yang , Chen Jie , Mao Jincheng
Published: May 2015

Terminal aryl and hetarylalkynes are transformed in high yields, whereas alkylalkynes furnish the corresponding products in significantly lower yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of cis‐β‐Enaminones by 1,4‐Addition of Propiolaldehydes.
Authors: Shi Wenjuan , Sun Shaofa , Wu Minghu , Catano Bryant , Li Wan , Wang Jian , Guo Haibing , Xing Yalan
Published: May 2015

The simplest and most effective method to prepare 2,3‐dihydrogen‐cis‐β‐enaminones is described.
ChemInform Abstract: CuSO4‐Mediated Decarboxylative C—N Cross‐Coupling of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids with Amides and Anilines.
Authors: Sheng Wei‐Jian , Ye Qing , Yu Wu‐Bin , Liu Ren‐Rong , Xu Meng , Gao Jian‐Rong , Jia Yi‐Xia
Published: May 2015

Low yields are observed for the reaction of benzoylamide with meta‐substituted benzoic acids [viz.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Addition of Thiols to β‐Nitrostyrenes Using a Novel Phenylpyrrolidine‐Based Urea Catalyst.
Authors: Kawazoe Souichirou , Yoshida Kazuki , Shimazaki Yuichi , Oriyama Takeshi
Published: May 2015

The title urea catalyst shows potent catalytic activity for the asymmetric Michael addition of thiols to nitrostyrenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonium Iodide‐Induced Sulfonylation of Alkenes with DMSO and Water Toward the Synthesis of Vinyl Methyl Sulfones.
Authors: Gao Xiaofang , Pan Xiaojun , Gao Jian , Huang Huawen , Yuan Gaoqing , Li Yingwei
Published: May 2015

The novel and highly stereoselective sulfonylation of olefins with DMSO and H2O is achieved using NH4I as promoter to give vinyl methyl sulfones.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Two‐Step Three‐Component Process for the Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylated Biphenyls.
Authors: Xu Yuhong , Han Jing , Lv You , Pan Renming , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo
Published: May 2015

Title compounds (IV) are synthesized by a Knoevenagel condensation followed by Michael addition and cyclization reactions in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Alkynylation of Li and Mg Metalated Heterocycles with Sulfonylacetylenes.
Authors: Marzo Leyre , Perez Ignacio , Yuste Francisco , Aleman Jose , Garcia Ruano Jose Luis
Published: May 2015

The anti‐Michael addition of R—Li or R—MgX to sulfonylacetylenes constitutes an efficient methodology to obtain different aryl‐heteroaryl and diheteroaryl acetylenes under very mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Dispirocyclohexanes via Amine‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Annulations of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Acetates with Exocyclic Alkenes.
Authors: Chen Rongshun , Xu Silong , Fan Xia , Li Hanyuan , Tang Yuhai , He Zhengjie
Published: May 2015

The presented method offers a novel and efficient one‐step procedure for the construction of complex architectures bearing a dispirocyclohexane motif.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Novel Spiroimidazolidinones Directed by Pyridine Prolinamide.
Authors: Xiao Jun‐An , Wang Chao‐Ming , Wang Jing , Ou Guang‐Chuan , Zhang Xing‐Yu , Yang Hua
Published: May 2015

Title compounds are conveniently and efficiently synthesized with excellent diastereoselectivities under extremely mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Suzuki Coupling Reaction of an α‐Bromo‐α‐fluoro‐β‐lactam.
Authors: Tarui Atsushi , Miyata Erina , Tanaka Ayumi , Sato Kazuyuki , Omote Masaaki , Ando Akira
Published: May 2015

In contrast to aryl‐(9‐BBN) derivatives, alkyl‐ and alkenyl‐(9‐BBN) reagents are unsuitable coupling partners.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cyclization and Azidation of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Ketone O‐Benzoyl Oximes.
Authors: Su Hailin , Li Weifei , Xuan Zhaoli , Yu Wei
Published: May 2015

Dihydropyrrole derivatives are synthesized through an intramolecular imination/azidation sequence starting from title oximes.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalyzed Epoxidation of 2‐Oxoindoline‐3‐ylidene Acetaldehydes.
Authors: Mukaiyama Takasuke , Ogata Kento , Ono Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Yujiro
Published: May 2015

The reaction proceeds with good diastereoselectivity, even when the substrates are applied as mixtures of E/Z‐isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Decarboxylative Cycloaddition of Vinylethylene Carbonates with Isocyanates.
Authors: Khan Ajmal , Xing Juxiang , Zhao Jingming , Kan Yuhe , Zhang Wanbin , Zhang Yong Jian
Published: May 2015

The prepared cyclic carbamates can be converted to β‐vinylglycinols in two steps.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Multicomponent Domino Synthesis of 4‐Aminothiazole‐2(3H)‐thiones.
Authors: Hajibabaei Khadijeh , Zali‐Boeini Hassan
Published: May 2015

2‐Bromo‐2‐aryl‐acetonitriles, carbon disulfide, and primary amines are submitted to the title preparation.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Succinimides Bearing a Chromone Unit.
Authors: Teimouri Mohammad Bagher , Asnaashari Bita , Moayedi Maryam , Naderi Soheila
Published: May 2015

The four component reaction between chromones, Meldrum′s acid, isocyanides, and alcohols provides biologically interesting products with two stereocenters.
ChemInform Abstract: The Direct α‐C(sp3)—H Functionalization of N‐Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines via an Iron‐Catalyzed Aerobic Nitro‐Mannich Reaction and Continuous Flow Processing.
Authors: Brzozowski Martin , Forni Jose A. , Savage G. Paul , Polyzos Anastasios
Published: May 2015

The efficient aerobic nitro‐Mannich reaction of N‐aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines using simple Fe salts and molecular O2 is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Acylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines via Carbene Oxidation.
Authors: Zhan Haiying , Zhao Limin , Liao Jinqiang , Li Naiying , Chen Qinlin , Qiu Shuxian , Cao Hua
Published: May 2015

Highly functionalized imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines (III) are efficiently synthesized by title reaction using air as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N2‐Arylaminopyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile Derivatives via SNAr Amination Reaction.
Authors: Rostamizadeh Shahnaz , Nojavan Masoomeh , Aryan Reza
Published: May 2015

scope and limitations of the new protocol
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinoxalines by a Carbon Nanotube—Gold Nanohybrid‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Vicinal Diols and Keto Alcohols with Diamines.
Authors: Shah Nimesh , Gravel Edmond , Jawale Dhanaji V. , Doris Eric , Namboothiri Irishi N. N.
Published: May 2015

Starting from diamines, the simple and efficient methodology offers an access to quinoxalines in high yields regardless of whether benzoins or benzhydrols are used as reaction partners, but with the latter requiring longer reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Synthesis of Indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxaline Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Hong
Published: May 2015

A facile synthesis of a series of the structurally new title compounds (III) is reported using benzyltriethylammonium chloride as a catalyst in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(II)‐Catalyzed Tandem Synthesis of 2‐Imino[1,3]benzothiazines from 2‐Aminoaryl Acrylates via Thioamidation and Concomitant Chemoselective Thia‐Michael Addition.
Authors: Saunthwal Rakesh K. , Patel Monika , Kumar Sushil , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: May 2015

The method provides access to unsubstituted and 6‐substituted 2‐imino[1,3]benzothiazines, but is not applicable to the preparation of benzoxazines.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Switchable Reactions of Enals with Azoalkenes: Formal [4 + 3] and [4 + 1] Annulations for the Synthesis of 1,2‐Diazepines and Pyrazoles.
Authors: Guo Chang , Sahoo Basudev , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Glorius Frank
Published: May 2015

Various 1,2‐diazepine derivatives are synthesized by regio‐ and enantioselective formal [4 + 3] annulation reaction between enals and in situ formed azoalkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Bis(trimethylsilyl)selenide in the Selective Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy, β‐Mercapto, and β‐Amino Diorganyl Diselenides and Selenides Through Ring Opening of Strained Heterocycles.
Authors: Tanini Damiano , Degl'Innocenti Alessandro , Capperucci Antonella
Published: May 2015

A novel approach to the synthesis of β‐substituted dialkyl diselenides and selenides is described through reaction of bis(trimethylsilyl)selenide with epoxides, thiiranes, and aziridines catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium fluoride.
ChemInform Abstract: Desulfitative C‐Arylation of Glycals by Using Benzenesulfonyl Chlorides.
Authors: Kusunuru Anil Kumar , Yousuf Syed Khalid , Tatina Madhubabu , Mukherjee Debaraj
Published: May 2015

The stereochemistry of this arylation reaction is controlled by the configuration at C3 of the glycal.
ChemInform Abstract: The Nature of Surface CrOx Sites on SiO2 in Different Environments
Authors: Chakrabarti Anisha , Wachs Israel E.
Published: May 2015

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes of Group 4 Transition Metals
Authors: Zhang Dao , Zi Guofu
Published: May 2015

Review: [progress in the synthesis and catalytic activity; 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pechmann Reaction in the Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Khaghaninejad Soheila , Mostofi Manizhe
Published: May 2015

Review: various aspects, issues, and applications of this reaction; 199 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling for the Intermolecular C‐O Bond Formation
Authors: Krylov Igor B. , Vil' Vera A. , Terent'ev Alexander O.
Published: May 2015

Review: 303 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Steroid Reactions
Authors: Czajkowska‐Szczykowska Dorota , Morzycki Jacek W. , Wojtkielewicz Agnieszka
Published: May 2015

Review: most important achievements of the last decade in the field of steroid synthess in the presence of palladium catalysts; 163 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Ring Sizes of Cyclooligosilanes on Construction of Organosilicon Clusters
Authors: Kyushin Soichiro , Ishida Shintaro , Tsurusaki Akihiro , Otsuka Kyohei
Published: May 2015

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis Dual Catalysis at the Flick of a Switch
Authors: Devery James J. III , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: May 2015

Review: 14 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Magnetism by Electric Fields
Authors: Matsukura Fumihiro , Tokura Yoshinori , Ohno Hideo
Published: May 2015

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Micro‐/Nanostructured Multicomponent Molecular Materials: Design, Assembly, and Functionality
Authors: Yan Dongpeng
Published: May 2015

Review: [73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gated Supramolecular Chemistry in Hybrid Mesoporous Silica Nanoarchitectures: Controlled Delivery and Molecular Transport in Response to Chemical, Physical and Biological Stimuli
Authors: Alberti Sebastian , Soler‐Illia Galo J. A. A. , Azzaroni Omar
Published: May 2015

Review: [184 refs.
Outsourcing Canadian Armed Forces logistics in a foreign theatre
Authors: Tchokogué André , Nollet Jean , Fortin Julie
Published: May 2015

Successful outsourcing of military logistics depends much on cooperation and efficiency, and this article provides an in‐depth analysis of challenges this may pose using collaborative competence theory. Using an exploratory approach, this paper is based on a review of the existing literature and on the experience of the Canadian Armed Forces in a foreign theatre. Specifically, the information collected comes from on‐site observation during the UN mission in Bosnia, semistructured interviews, and archives. Our analysis shows that outsourcing military logistics activities in a foreign theatre should be seen as building and managing a “temporary network.” In order to overcome challenges in such a situation, the Armed Forces must specifically act on the adaptability of all individuals in the theatre. The approach should be based on “collaborative competence.” Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of ortho‐retronasal olfaction in mammalian cortical evolution
Authors: Rowe Timothy B. , Shepherd Gordon M.
Published: May 2015

Fossils of mammals and their extinct relatives among cynodonts give evidence of correlated transformations affecting olfaction as well as mastication, head movement, and ventilation, and suggest evolutionary coupling of these seemingly separate anatomical regions into a larger integrated system of ortho‐retronasal olfaction. Evidence from paleontology and physiology suggests that ortho‐retronasal olfaction played a critical role at three stages of mammalian cortical evolution: early mammalian brain development was driven in part by ortho‐retronasal olfaction; the bauplan for neocortex had higher‐level association functions derived from olfactory cortex; and human cortical evolution was enhanced by ortho‐retronasal smell. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:471–495, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prefrontal cortex afferents to the anterior temporal lobe in the Macaca fascicularis monkey
Authors: Mohedano‐Moriano Alicia , Muñoz‐López Mónica , Sanz‐Arigita Ernesto , Pró‐Sistiaga Palma , Martínez‐Marcos Alino , Legidos‐Garcia María Ester , Insausti Ana María , Cebada‐Sánchez Sandra , Arroyo‐Jiménez María Del Mar , Marcos Pilar , Artacho‐Pérula Emilio , Insausti Ricardo
Published: May 2015

The anatomical organization of the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) afferents to the anterior part of the temporal lobe (ATL) remains to be clarified. The LPFC has two subdivisions, dorsal (dLPFC) and ventral (vLPFC), which have been linked to cognitive processes. The ATL includes several different cortical areas, namely, the temporal polar cortex and rostral parts of the perirhinal, inferotemporal, and anterior tip of the superior temporal gyrus cortices. Multiple sensory modalities converge in the ATL. All of them (except the rostral inferotemporal and superior temporal gyrus cortices) are components of the medial temporal lobe, which is critical for long‐term memory processing. We studied the LPFC connections with the ATL by placing retrograde tracer injections into the ATL: the temporal polar (n = 3), perirhinal (areas 35 and 36, n = 6), and inferotemporal cortices (area TE, n = 5), plus one additional deposit in the posterior parahippocampal cortex (area TF, n = 1). Anterograde tracer deposits into the dLPFC (A9 and A46, n = 2), the vLPFC (A46v, n = 2), and the orbitofrontal cortex (OF; n = 2) were placed for confirmation of those projections. The results showed that the vLPFC displays a moderate projection to rostral area TE and the dorsomedial portion of the temporal polar cortex; in contrast, the dLPFC connections with the ATL were weak. By comparison, the OFC and medial frontal cortices (MFC) showed dense connectivity with the ATL, namely, A13 with the temporopolar and perirhinal cortices. All areas of the MFC projected to the temporopolar cortex, albeit with a lower intensity. The functional significance of such paucity of LPFC afferents is unknown. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2570–2598, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonspecific labeling limits the utility of Cre‐Lox bred CST‐YFP mice for studies of corticospinal tract regeneration
Authors: Willenberg Rafer , Steward Oswald
Published: May 2015

Studies of axon regeneration in the spinal cord often assess regeneration of the corticospinal tract (CST). Emx1‐Cre x Thy1‐STOP‐YFP mice have been reported to have yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) selectively expressed in forebrain neurons leading to genetic labeling of CST axons in the spinal cord, and it was suggested that these CST‐YFP mice would be useful for studies of CST regeneration. Because regeneration past a lesion may involve only a few axons, the presence of labeled non‐CST axons compromises interpretation. We show here that in CST‐YFP mice, some YFP‐labeled axons are not from the CST. Specifically, YFP‐labeled axons are present in regions beyond those with anterogradely labeled CST axons, most YFP‐labeled axons beyond established CST locations do not undergo Wallerian degeneration following a large lesion of the sensorimotor cortex, some rubrospinal and reticulospinal neurons are labeled with YFP, and some YFP‐labeled cells in the spinal gray matter have YFP‐labeled projections into the spinal cord white matter. We further demonstrate that the density of YFP‐labeled axon arbors hinders tracing of single axons to their point of origin in the main descending tracts. In light of recent advances in 3D imaging for visualizing axons in unsectioned blocks of spinal cord, we also assessed CST‐YFP mice for 3D imaging and found that YFP fluorescence in CST‐YFP mice is faint for clearing‐based 3D imaging in comparison with fluorescence in Thy1‐YFP‐H mice and fluorescence of mini‐ruby biotinylated dextran amine (BDA). Overall, the nonspecific and faint YFP labeling in CST‐YFP mice limits their utility for assessments of CST axon regeneration. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2665–2682, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential distribution of GABA and glycine terminals in the inferior colliculus of rat and mouse
Authors: Choy Buentello David , Bishop Deborah C. , Oliver Douglas L.
Published: May 2015

The inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain component of the auditory pathway, integrates virtually all inputs from the auditory brainstem. These are a mixture of excitatory and inhibitory ascending inputs, and the inhibitory transmitters include both gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine (GLY). Although the presence of these inhibitory inputs is well established, their relative location in the IC is not, and there is little information on the mouse. Here, we study the distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)67 and GLY transporter 2 (T2) in axonal terminals to better understand the relative contributions of these inputs. Large‐scale mosaic composite images of immunohistochemistry sections of rat and mice were used to isolate the signals related to the concentrations of these axonal terminals in the tissue, and the ratio of GLYT2/GAD67 in each pixel was calculated. GLYT2 was seen only in the central nucleus of the IC (ICC), whereas GAD67 was seen throughout the IC. The map of the GAD67 and GLYT2 axonal distribution revealed a gradient that runs from ventrolateral to dorsomedial along the axis of the laminae of the ICC and perpendicular to the tonotopic axis. Although anatomically different, both the mouse and the rat had relatively more GAD67 dorsomedially in the ICC and relatively more GLYT2 ventrolaterally. This organization of GABA and GLY inputs may be related to functional zones with different properties in ICC that are based, in part, on different sets of inhibitory inputs to each zone. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:2683–2697, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Childhood social inequalities influences neural processes in young adult caregiving
Authors: Kim Pilyoung , Ho Shaun S. , Evans Gary W. , Liberzon Israel , Swain James E.
Published: May 2015

Childhood poverty is associated with harsh parenting with a risk of transmission to the next generation. This prospective study examined the relations between childhood poverty and non‐parent adults' neural responses to infant cry sounds. While no main effects of poverty were revealed in contrasts of infant cry versus acoustically matched white noise, a gender by childhood poverty interaction emerged. In females, childhood poverty was associated with increased neural activations in the posterior insula, striatum, calcarine sulcus, hippocampus, and fusiform gyrus, while, in males, childhood poverty was associated with reduced levels of neural responses to infant cry in the same regions. Irrespective of gender, neural activation in these regions was associated with higher levels of annoyance with the cry sound and reduced desire to approach the crying infant. The findings suggest gender differences in neural and emotional responses to infant cry sounds among young adults growing up in poverty. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 948–960, 2015.
Early developmental stress negatively affects neuronal recruitment to avian song system nucleusHVC
Authors: Honarmand Mariam , Thompson Christopher K. , Schatton Adriana , Kipper Silke , Scharff Constance
Published: May 2015

Adverse environmental conditions can impact the life history trajectory of animals. Adaptive responses enable individuals to cope with unfavorable conditions, but altered metabolism and resource allocation can bear long‐term costs. In songbirds, early developmental stress can cause lifelong changes in learned song, a culturally transmitted trait, and nestlings experiencing developmental stress develop smaller song control nucleus HVCs. We investigated whether nutrition‐related developmental stress impacts neurogenesis in HVC, which may explain how poor nutrition leads to smaller HVC volume. We provided different quality diets (LOW and HIGH) by varying the husks‐to‐seeds ratio to zebra finch families for the first 35 days after the young hatched (PHD). At PHD14–18 and again at nutritional independence (PHD35), juveniles were injected with different cell division markers. To monitor growth, we took body measures at PHD10, 17, and 35. At PHD35 the number of newly recruited neurons in HVC and the rate of proliferation in the adjacent ventricular zone (VZ) were counted. Males raised on the LOW diet for their first weeks of life had significantly fewer new neurons in HVC than males raised on the HIGH diet. At the time when these new HVC neurons were born and labeled in the VZ (PHD17) the birds exposed to the LOW diet had significantly lower body mass. At PHD35 body mass or neuronal proliferation no longer differed. Our study shows that even transitory developmental stress can have negative consequences on the cellular processes underlying the development of neural circuits. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 107–118, 2016
Development and validation of an LC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of piperaquine and 97‐63, the active metabolite of CDRI 97‐78, in rat plasma and its application in interaction study
Authors: Wahajuddin Muhammad , Singh Sheelendra Pratap , Taneja Isha , Raju Kanumuri Siva Rama , Gayen Jiaur Rahman , Siddiqui Hefazat Hussain , Singh Shio Kumar
Published: May 2015

Piperaquine‐dihydroartemisinin combination is the latest addition to the repertoire of ACTs recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for treatment of falciparum malaria. Due to the increasing resistance to artemisinin derivatives, CSIR‐CDRI has developed a prospective short acting, trioxane antimalarial derivative, CDRI 97‐78. In the present study, a liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI‐MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantification of piperaquine (PPQ) and 97‐63, the active metabolite of CDRI 97‐78 found in vivo, was developed and validated in 100 μL rat plasma using halofantrine as internal standard. PPQ and 97‐63 were separated using acetonitrile:methanol (50:50, v/v) and ammonium formate buffer (10 mM, pH 4.5) in the ratio of 95:5(v/v) as mobile phase under isocratic conditions at a flow rate of 0.65 mL/min on Waters Atlantis C18 (4.6 × 50 mm, 5.0 µm) column. The extraction recoveries of PPQ and 97‐63 ranged from 90.58 to 105.48%, while for the internal standard, it was 94.27%. The method was accurate and precise in the linearity range 3.9–250 ng/mL for both the analytes, with a correlation coefficient (r) of ≥ 0.998. The intra‐ and inter‐day assay precision ranged from 2.91 to 8.45% and; intra‐ and inter‐day assay accuracy was between 92.50 and 110.20% for both the analytes. The method was successfully applied to study the effect of oral co‐administration of PPQ on the pharmacokinetics of CDRI 97‐78 in Sprague‐dawley rats and vice versa. The co‐administration of CDRI 97‐78 caused significant decrease in AUC0–∞ of PPQ from 31.52 ± 2.68 to 14.84 ± 4.33 h*µg/mL. However, co‐administration of PPQ did not have any significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of CDRI 97‐78. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple and rapid screening procedure for 143 new psychoactive substances by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Adamowicz Piotr , Tokarczyk Bogdan
Published: May 2015

In recent years, many new psychoactive substances (NPS) from several drug classes have appeared on the drug market. These substances, also known as ‘legal highs’, belong to different chemical classes. Despite the increasing number of NPS, there are few comprehensive screening methods for their detection in biological specimens. In this context, the purpose of this study was to develop a fast and simple liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) screening procedure for NPS in blood. The elaborated method allows the simultaneous screening of 143 compounds from different groups (number of compounds): cathinones (36), phenethylamines (26), tryptamines (18), piperazines (9), piperidines (2), synthetic cannabinoids (34), arylalkylamines (7), arylcyclohexylamines (3), aminoindanes (2), and other drugs (6). Blood samples (0.2 mL) were precipitated with acetonitrile (0.6 mL). The separation was achieved with gradient mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water in 14 min. Detection of all compounds was based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions. The total number of transitions monitored in dynamic mode was 432. The whole procedure was rapid and simple. The limits of detection (LODs) estimated for 104 compounds were in the range 0.01–3.09 ng/mL. The extraction recoveries determined for 32 compounds were from 1.8 to 133%. The procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of forensic blood samples in routine casework. The developed method should have wide applicability for rapid screening of new drugs of abuse in forensic or clinical samples. The procedure can be easily expanded for more substances. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frontiers in real‐time ecohydrology – a paradigm shift in understanding complex environmental systems
Authors: Krause Stefan , Lewandowski Jörg , Dahm Clifford N. , Tockner Klement
Published: May 2015

Technological advances in environmental sensing have increased our awareness of the complexity of spatial patterns and temporal dynamics of ecohydrological processes and their interactions. Improving the basis of knowledge of dynamically interacting processes is crucial for advancing our understanding of how ecosystems function under the influence of, and their resilience to, environmental change. Capturing the often fast changing and nonlinear behaviour of ecosystems represents a challenge for current observational networks, particularly when studying system interfaces and coupled ecological, hydrological, geomorphological and biogeochemical processes, demanding novel, adaptive approaches in real‐time monitoring and research. This paper discusses conceptual, technological and methodological challenges and resulting requirements for real‐time ecohydrological research by reviewing current approaches of capturing nonlinear behaviour with high‐frequency, high‐resolution monitoring and develops strategies for transforming ecohydrological research by including real‐time analysis of highly dynamic processes that are currently understudied. Examples of highly dynamic processes include rapid system changes, hot spots and hot moment behaviour. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lithium‐Filled Double‐Deck Layered Structure of the RELixCu2–yP2 (RE = La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Er; 0.82 ≤ x ≤ 1; 1.19 ≤ y ≤ 1.54) Series: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Jang Eunyoung , Nam Gnu , Woo Hyein , Lee Junseong , Han Mi‐Kyung , Kim Sung‐Jin , You Tae‐Soo
Published: May 2015

Five rare‐earth metal containing quaternary phosphides in the RELixCu2–yP2 (RE = La, Pr, Nd, Gd, Er; 0.82 ≤ x ≤ 1; 1.19 ≤ y ≤ 1.54) series were synthesized by using high‐temperature synthetic methods, and they were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The title compounds crystallize in the trigonal space group P$\bar {3}$m1 (Z = 1, Pearson code hP6) with four crystallographically independent atomic positions. The overall crystal structure can be described as a “Li‐filled” CaAl2Si2‐type structure, in which a partially occupied Li site is embedded within the “double‐deck” layers formed by two anionic components. Tight‐binding linear muffin‐tin orbital calculations including density of states, crystal orbital Hamilton population, and electron localization function analyses provided rationales for the overall electronic structure and chemical bonding of the title phase. PrLi0.98(5)Cu1.54(1)P2 indicated an antiferromagnetic interaction of Pr at a relatively low temperature with a paramagnetic Curie temperature of –6.8 K and a thermal conductivity of 3.2 W mK–1 at 323 K.
A Concise and Efficient Total Synthesis of Militarinone D
Authors: Dash Uttam , Sengupta Sandip , Sim Taebo
Published: May 2015

A highly stereoselective, concise (14 steps longest linear sequence and 20 steps overall), and efficient (15 % overall yield) synthesis of militarinone D has been accomplished. The key reactions utilized in the sequence are enzymatic desymmetrization, cis/trans isomerization, Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons olefination, and addition of an organolithium species to a highly conjugated chiral aldehyde. The simplicity of the strategy may enable its utilization in the large‐scale production of this target. Moreover, the strategy utilized to design the route should be applicable to the preparation of analogs that bear a variety of substituted pyridinone core structures.
A Carbohydrate Approach for the First Total Synthesis of Cochliomycin C: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Paecilomycin E, Paecilomycin F and 6′‐epi‐Cochliomycin C
Authors: Mahankali Bakkolla , Srihari Pabbaraja
Published: May 2015

The first total synthesis of the chlorinated resorcylic acid lactone cochliomycin C is achieved starting from the readily available sugar D‐lyxose. The strategy has also lead to the total synthesis of natural resorcylic acid lactones paecilomycin E, paecilomycin F and a synthetic analogue 6‐epi‐cochliomycin C. The key reactions include Ohira–Bestmann alkynylation, ring closing metathesis and regioselective methylation under Mitsunobu conditions.
Functionalization of a Pyridine Framework through Intramolecular Reissert–Henze Reaction of N‐(Carbamoyloxy)pyridinium Salts and Unexpected Insertion of Ethereal Solvents
Authors: Asahara Haruyasu , Kataoka Asuka , Hirao Shotaro , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi
Published: May 2015

A new strategy for synthesis of the 2‐pyridyl carbamates is reported. This strategy exploits a new intramolecular transformation of an acyloxy group from N‐carbamoyloxypyridinium salts (Reissert–Henze‐type reaction) as the key step. Addition of a silver salt effectively accelerates the intramolecular attack of the carbonyl oxygen at the 2‐position of the pyridine ring. Additionally, a new rearrangement of the acyloxy group, combined with insertion of an ethereal solvent to give pyridine derivatives having a coordinating tether, is reported.
Total Synthesis of Isodesmosine by Stepwise, Regioselective Negishi and Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Koseki Yohei , Sugimura Takanori , Ogawa Keita , Suzuki Rina , Yamada Haruka , Suzuki Noriyuki , Masuyama Yoshiro , Lin Yong Y. , Usuki Toyonobu
Published: May 2015

Isodesmosine is a crosslinking pyridinium amino acid of elastin and is an attractive biomarker for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this paper, we describe the total synthesis of isodesmosine. The key features of this synthesis are stepwise and regioselective palladium‐catalyzed Negishi and Sonogashira cross‐coupling reactions for efficient introduction of amino acid segments on the pyridine ring.
Annulated N‐Heterocycles by Tandem Gold(I)‐Catalyzed [3,3]‐Rearrangement/Nazarov Reaction of Propargylic Ester Derivatives: an Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Petrović Martina , Scarpi Dina , Fiser Béla , Gómez‐Bengoa Enrique , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: May 2015

The gold(I)‐catalyzed tandem rearrangement/Nazarov reaction of propargylic ester derivatives is a useful strategy for the synthesis of cyclopenta‐fused N‐heterocyclic structures present in many natural compounds. Readily available lactams are converted into enol phosphates and triflates and coupled to propargyl alcohols under Sonogashira conditions. After acetylation, the gold‐catalyzed rearrangement of the enynyl acetates readily occurs when using 3–5 mol‐% of a gold(I) catalyst. The rearrangement generates a divinyl cation which undergoes a 4π electrocyclization (Nazarov reaction) leading to the target compound in good to excellent yield. This process has been studied in details both experimentally and computationally to understand the influence of both the reaction conditions and substrate structural features on the reaction rate and regioselectivity, as well as the torquoselectivity in the ring closure step. A series of examples illustrates at the end the scope of the reaction.
Forgive them for I have sinned: The relationship between guilt and forgiveness of others' transgressions
Authors: Jordan Jennifer , Flynn Francis J. , Cohen Taya R.
Published: May 2015

We propose that guilt leads to forgiveness of others' transgressions. In Study 1, people prone to experience guilt (but not shame) were also prone to forgive others for past misdeeds. In Study 2, we manipulated harm‐ and inequity‐based guilt; both increased forgiveness of others' transgressions. Further, the effect of guilt on forgiveness was mediated by identification with the transgressor. In Study 3, we replicated the guilt–forgiveness relationship and examined three other plausible mediators: capability for similar wrongdoing, empathic understanding, and general identification; only identification with the transgressor satisfied the criteria for mediation. In Study 4, we induced guilt by asking participants to harm a friend or stranger. Guilt induced by harming a friend led to greater forgiveness of third‐party transgressors, and again, identification with the transgressor mediated the effect. We discuss the implications of these results for understanding how the prosocial effects of guilt extend beyond the boundaries of a single interpersonal relationship.
Goal projection in public places
Authors: Naju Ahn Janet , Oettingen Gabriele , Gollwitzer Peter M.
Published: May 2015

Three studies investigated the phenomenon of goal projection in everyday life considering three moderators: goal commitment, the perceived similarity of the target person, and goal attainment. Moviegoers' (Study 1) highly committed to see a particular movie projected this goal onto other movie patrons. Commuters (Study 2) highly committed to catch a certain train projected this goal onto other commuters, given that these commuters were perceived as similar. Shoppers (Study 3) projected buying a particular item when both their goal commitment and the perceived similarity of another shopper were high, and the goal was not yet attained. The results imply that goal projection is part of our everyday life and is fostered by high‐goal commitment, perceiving others as similar, and ongoing goal striving.
Bad habit or social good? How perceptions of gossiper morality are related to gossip content
Authors: Peters Kim , Kashima Yoshihisa
Published: May 2015

From a folk perspective, gossipers (individuals who talk about the behaviours of others) are considered to be immoral individuals, doing harm to those they discuss. However, this folk perspective sits uneasily with recent claims that gossipers may actually do some good. In particular, it has been suggested that gossipers who share diagnostic information about the morality of social targets may help audiences to identify targets who are trustworthy and those who are not. In this way, gossipers may help audiences adaptively regulate their relationships. In this paper, we examined whether audience perceptions of gossiper morality are influenced by their perceptions that the content of gossip is able to help them regulate their relationships. Participants in two scenario studies and a realistic interaction study were presented with gossip items drawn from a pool of 24 unique behavioural descriptions and asked to rate their perceptions of the gossiper and the content of the gossip item. As predicted, participants perceived gossipers as more moral when gossipers shared the diagnostic morality gossip that participants perceived to serve relationship regulatory functions.
Optimal iSINR‐based power control for cognitive satellite terrestrial networks
Authors: Vassaki Stavroula , Poulakis Marios I. , Panagopoulos Athanasios D.
Published: May 2015

The incorporation of cognitive radio techniques in satellite communications has recently become a significant research challenge leading to the proposal of a novel network infrastructure known as cognitive satellite terrestrial networks. However, efficient resource management mechanisms should be proposed to provide a complete system analysis for this promising architecture. Towards this direction, this article focuses on the problem of power management in cognitive satellite terrestrial systems, where the satellite system has the role of the cognitive system, while the terrestrial represents the primary one. Particularly, a power control scheme for the satellite terminal is proposed. Taking into account the peculiarities of both systems and considering the uplink case, the goal of the proposed scheme is to optimise the performance of the satellite link without deteriorating the communication quality of the terrestrial link. To safeguard the communication of the terrestrial system, we introduce a novel interference‐based constraint, which ensures a specific level for the inverse signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio of the terrestrial link. Both the cases of perfect and imperfect channel estimation of terrestrial link are considered in order to study a more realistic scenario. Furthermore, for the imperfect case, a protection mechanism is proposed to guarantee the communication quality of the primary link that offsets the uncertainty of channel estimation. Simulation results evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme for various system parameters and verify its superiority compared with the well‐known water‐filling based power control scheme for both cases of perfect and imperfect channel estimation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced astroglial Ca2+ signaling increases excitatory synaptic strength in the epileptic brain
Authors: Álvarez‐Ferradas Carla , Morales Juan Carlos , Wellmann Mario , Nualart Francisco , Roncagliolo Manuel , Fuenzalida Marco , Bonansco Christian
Published: May 2015

The fine‐tuning of synaptic transmission by astrocyte signaling is crucial to CNS physiology. However, how exactly astroglial excitability and gliotransmission are affected in several neuropathologies, including epilepsy, remains unclear. Here, using a chronic model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) in rats, we found that astrocytes from astrogliotic hippocampal slices displayed an augmented incidence of TTX‐insensitive spontaneous slow Ca2+ transients (STs), suggesting a hyperexcitable pattern of astroglial activity. As a consequence, elevated glutamate‐mediated gliotransmission, observed as increased slow inward current (SICs) frequency, up‐regulates the probability of neurotransmitter release in CA3‐CA1 synapses. Selective blockade of spontaneous astroglial Ca2+ elevations as well as the inhibition of purinergic P2Y1 or mGluR5 receptors relieves the abnormal enhancement of synaptic strength. Moreover, mGluR5 blockade eliminates any synaptic effects induced by P2Y1R inhibition alone, suggesting that the Pr modulation via mGluR occurs downstream of P2Y1R‐mediated Ca2+‐dependent glutamate release from astrocyte. Our findings show that elevated Ca2+‐dependent glutamate gliotransmission from hyperexcitable astrocytes up‐regulates excitatory neurotransmission in epileptic hippocampus, suggesting that gliotransmission should be considered as a novel functional key in a broad spectrum of neuropathological conditions. GLIA 2015;63:1507–1521
Quercetin protects necrotic insult and promotes apoptosis by attenuating the expression of RAGE and its ligand HMGB1 in human breast adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Dhumale Suhashini S. , Waghela Bhargav N. , Pathak Chandramani
Published: May 2015

The receptor for advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) is a multiligand member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, which plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. It is normally expressed on immune cells, including macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells and T cells to maintain homeostasis, but highly upregulated at sites of vascular pathology. Accumulating evidence suggest that the elevated expression of RAGE and its ligand HMGB‐1 was found in various types of cancer. The accumulation of RAGE and its ligand high‐mobility group box proteins‐1 (HMGB1) activates complex signaling network for cell survival and evades apoptosis. Therefore, targeting the RAGE‐mediated signaling could be the promising strategies for the therapeutic potential of cancer. This study was aimed to examine the biological potential of quercetin on the regulation of RAGE‐ and HMGB1‐mediated activation of NF‐κB and induction of apoptotic cell death in MCF‐7 cells. Our findings demonstrate that quercetin inhibits the expression of RAGE and HMGB1 in MCF‐7 cells. In addition, quercetin protects necrotic insult and augments apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that quercetin plays an important role in modulating RAGE and HMGB1 signaling and induces apoptotic cell death in MCF‐7 cells. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 2015 67(5):361–373, 2015
Toxicological effects of pet food ingredients on canine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and enterocyte‐like cells
Authors: Ortega M. T. , Jeffery B. , Riviere J. E. , Monteiro‐Riviere N. A.
Published: May 2015

We developed anin vitromethod to assess pet food ingredients safety. Canine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) were differentiated into enterocyte‐like cells (ELC) to assess toxicity in cells representing similar patterns of exposurein vivo. The toxicological profile of clove leave oil, eugenol, guanosine monophosphate (GMP), GMP + inosine monophosphate, sorbose, ginger root extract, cinnamon bark oil, cinnamaldehyde, thyme oil, thymol and citric acid was assessed in BMSC and ELC. The LC50for GMP + inosine monophosphate was 59.42 ± 0.90 and 56.7 ± 3.5 mg ml–1for BMSC and ELC; 56.84 ± 0.95 and 53.66 ± 1.36 mg ml–1for GMP; 0.02 ± 0.001 and 1.25 ± 0.47 mg ml–1for citric acid; 0.077 ± 0.002 and 0.037 ± 0.01 mg ml–1for cinnamaldehyde; 0.002 ± 0.0001 and 0.002 ± 0.0008 mg ml–1for thymol; 0.080 ± 0.003 and 0.059 ± 0.001 mg ml–1for thyme oil; 0.111 ± 0.002 and 0.054 ± 0.01 mg ml–1for cinnamon bark oil; 0.119 ± 0.0004 and 0.099 ± 0.011 mg ml–1for clove leave oil; 0.04 ± 0.001 and 0.028 ± 0.002 mg ml–1for eugenol; 2.80 ± 0.11 and 1.75 ± 0.51 mg ml–1for ginger root extract; > 200 and 116.78 ± 7.35 mg ml–1for sorbose. Lemon grass oil was evaluated at 0.003–0.9 in BMSC and .03‐0.9 mg ml–1in ELC and its mechanistic effect was investigated. The gene toxicology studies showed regulation of 61% genes in CYP450 pathway, 37% in cholestasis and 33% in immunotoxicity pathways for BMSC. For ELC, 80% for heat shock response, 69% for beta‐oxidation and 65% for mitochondrial energy metabolism. In conclusion, these studies provide a baseline against which differential toxicity of dietary feed ingredients can be assessedin vitrofor direct effects on canine cells and demonstrate differential toxicity in differentiated cells that represent gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biomechanical and finite element analyses of bone cement‐Injectable cannulated pedicle screw fixation in osteoporotic bone
Authors: Liu Yaoyao , Xu Jianzhong , Sun Dong , Luo Fei , Zhang Zehua , Dai Fei
Published: May 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate the safety and biomechanical stability of a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)‐augmented bone cement‐injectable cannulated pedicle screw (CICPS) in cancellous bone model, and to analyze the stress distribution at the screw‐cement‐bone interface. The OMEGA cannulated pedicle screw (OPS) and conventional pedicle screw (CPS) were used as control groups. Safety of the CICPS was evaluated by the static bending and bending fatigue tests. Biomechanical stability was analyzed by the maximum axial pullout strength and maximum torque tests. Stress distribution at the screw–cement–bone interface was analyzed by the finite element (FE) method. The CICPS and CPS produced statistically similar values for bending stiffness, bending structural stiffness, and bending yield moment. The maximum pullout force was 53.47 ± 8.65 N in CPS group, compared to 130.82 ± 7.32 N and 175.45 ± 43.01 N in the PMMA‐augmented OPS and CICPS groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The CICPS had a significantly greater torque than the OPS and CPS. The FE model did not reveal excessive stress at the screw‐cement‐bone interface in the CICPS group. In conclusion, PMMA‐augmentation with CICPS may be a potentially useful method to increase the stability of pedicle screws in patients with osteoporosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 960–967, 2016.
Synthetic Routes to Selected Heterocycles Containing Antipyrine Moiety
Authors: El‐Taweel F. M. A. , Elmaaty T. M. Abou
Published: May 2015

This review deals with the synthetic potentiality and utility of antipyrine and its derivatives in the synthesis of 4‐substituted antipyrine and other heterocycles containing antipyrine moiety such as thiazole, pyrazolopyridines, pyrazolopyrimidines, and pyrazolotriazines. The reactions that cover the methods of synthesizing the aforementioned heterocycles such as addition, condensation, and cyclization were also reviewed.
Who is going to make the wise choice?
Authors: Leverenz David , Iams Wade , Heck Josh , Brady Donald
Published: May 2015

Inspired by the American Board of Internal Medicine's Choosing Wisely® campaign, a group of housestaff at Vanderbilt University Medical Center created the Vanderbilt Choosing Wisely Steering Committee (VCWSC) to explore ways to apply the campaign's principles of high value care to daily practice. In this article, we propose that housestaff leadership is key in the implementation of high value care initiatives at academic health centers (AHCs). We then describe the formation and activities of the VCWSC in the hope that our success will inspire residents at other AHCs to create similar initiatives. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:544–546. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine