bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of maternal caffeine consumption during the perinatal period on lactation
Authors: Tigka Maria , Nanou Christina , Tzeli Maria , Gryparis Alexandros , Metallinou Dimitra , Lykeridou Aikaterini
Published: January 2024

Background: Caffeine is a substance found in various seeds, foods, beverages and pharmaceuticals. We sought to assess perinatal caffeine consumption rates and the impact of maternal consumption on lactation.
Material and Method: This is a prospective, descriptive cohort study conducted in Greece. Women were recruited from five tertiary maternity hospitals throughout 2020. A total of 847 mothers participated and data were collected during their hospitalization in the maternity hospital using a structured questionnaire. Follow-up included a telephone interview in the first, third and sixth month after delivery.
Results: A significant decrease in caffeine consumption was reported during pregnancy (84.7%) compared to the period before pregnancy (96.3%, p<0.001). On the fourth day postpartum, caffeine intake (65.8%) was reduced significantly compared to the pre-pregnancy period (p<0.001), remaining relatively unchanged over a period of three months postpartum (1st month: 71%, 3rd month: 64.7%). Moreover, there was a significant decline in caffeine intake at six months postpartum (54.2%, p<0.001) and after discontinuation of breastfeeding (42.7%, p<0.001). Our findings showed that women who ceased breastfeeding at any stage over the six-month follow-up consumed less caffeine during the first three months after delivery (p<0.001) in comparison to those who maintained breastfeeding at six months. In addition, higher pre-pregnancy caffeine consumption (β = 0.04, SE: 0.02, p = 0.032) had a positive association with longer breastfeeding duration.
Conclusions: Τhis study was the first to record caffeine intake in the perinatal period in the Greek setting. The results demonstrate that perinatal maternal caffeine consumption was reduced compared to the pre-pregnancy period and that there was a positive correlation between caffeine consumption and breastfeeding duration.
Compliance institucional y riesgo transnacional digital en la Unión Europea: ¿avanzamos hacia la prevención uniforme?.
Authors: Leo Castela Juan Ignacio
Published: January 2024

En este trabajo se aborda, desde una perspectiva jurídico-económica, la gestión del riesgo transnacional digital por parte de la Unión Europea considerando la importancia creciente del compliance en el ámbito institucional como una herramienta innovadora y de extraordinaria utilidad para la gobernanza global de este riesgo. En este contexto, el trabajo se orienta hacia la búsqueda de respuestas que permitan aportar certidumbre en relación con los posibles avances de la Unión hacia un nuevo modelo de prevención uniforme
The role of artificial intelligence in combating cyber terrorism.
Authors: Nadji Madaoui
Published: January 2024

This study aims at identifying the effects of technology on crime, as it is a double-edged sword, in which it can help in committing crimes, however it also contributes to preventing, detecting and suppressing them. Besides, technological development has had two prominent effects, one of them is negative, which was manifested in the dangers that threaten the security of states and individuals, particularly the phenomenon of terrorism, whose danger has steadily increased with technological and technical progress. Therefore, the method of managing terrorism has become more sophisticated, as terrorist groups using cyberspace to launch attacks using the Internet and complex programs, thus terrorism has shifted from traditional based on hard power to cyber terrorism based on soft power. As for the positive impact of technological development, it is represented in the artificial intelligence technology used in the prevention and control of crimes, including cyber terrorism crimes.
Discursividades económicas sobre la inmigración en Chile en el Diario Financiero, El Mercurio de Santiago (Economía y Negocios) y La Tercera (Pulso)
Authors: Greene Francisca , Zúñiga Vanessa
Published: January 2024

El actual flujo migratorio hacia Chile ha experimentado importantes desafíos políticos, económicos y sociales, convirtiéndolo en uno de los países receptores más atractivos de Latinoamérica. Frente a este nuevo escenario, esta investigación busca establecer cuáles son las discursividades y enfoques noticiosos que desarrolla la prensa económica de élite y cuál es el lugar que ocupan las élites políticas y económicas en esta discusión. Desde un análisis de contenido y desde un análisis crítico del discurso, se analiza cómo se construyen las discursividades en torno al fenómeno migratorio en el Diario Financiero, El Mercurio de Santiago (Economía y Negocios) y La Tercera (Pulso) entre los años 2016 y 2018. Los hallazgos revelaron que la prensa económica de élite chilena posiciona el discurso de un sujeto migrante como cuerpo económico y de producción. La cobertura periodística y la importancia que los medios económicos de élite chilenos les dieron a las noticias sobre el avance de la discusión de una política migratoria y sus beneficios económicos develaron la relación existente entre las élites económicas y el poder político.
Incumbent Incentives in Response to Entry
Authors: Saouma Richard , Shelef Orie , Wuebker Robert , McGahan Anita
Published: January 2024

How should an incumbent respond to the arrival of an entrant? A long-standing literature documents a host of potential responses, but little work explores when each strategy will be more or less effective. This paper develops a model of incumbent-entrant competition between vertically and horizontally differentiated firms and applies that model to understand the incentives that shape an incumbent’s response to entry and ultimately, long-run profits. Analysis reveals the conditions under which an incumbent facing the full strategy space of possible exogenous entrants has incentive to attack an entrant and conditions where the incumbent has incentive to retreat. By viewing the incumbent and entrant in terms of their level of vertical and horizontal differentiation, this paper offers a unified view of prior work that generates insights about incumbent responses to entry that have been underappreciated. Further, this unified view offers insight on the effectiveness of a particular incumbent response.

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0060 .
Genomic breeding simulation study to identify QTL associated with cattle disease traits in Hanwoo
Authors: Jeong WoonYoung , Kim YeongKuk , Kim Yoonsik , Chung Yoonji , Lee Dong Jae , Kang Ji Min , Lee Dooho , Koo Yang Mo , Lee Seung Hwan
Published: January 2024

This research used the simulation program to identify individuals resistant to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) using the QMSim program. The simulation program was utilized to generate genetic and phenotypic data for individuals with and without FMD immunity. Subsequently, based on the simulated data, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with FMD immunity. Additionally, the QTLs identified by GWAS were compared with Random Forest (RF) and XGBoost. Out of the 41,461 SNPs, which included QTLs generated from the simulation, a total of 20 markers were found to be associated with FMD immunity. When comparing the performance of GWAS, RF, and XGBoost, RF identified the highest number of QTLs (7), followed by GWAS (6) and XGBoost (3). Furthermore, GBLUP, RF, and XGBoost were employed to classify individuals as either having or lacking FMD immunity. The classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were evaluated using a confusion matrix, and the results were compared. The overall accuracy of the classification was as follows: XGBoost 0.53, RF 0.52, GBLUP 0.51. Sensitivity values were RF 0.98, XGBoost 0.97, GBLUP 0.19, and specificity values were GBLUP 0.83, XGboost 0.08, RF 0.05. XGBoost consistently outperformed the other methods in the overall accuracy and sensitivity, while GBLUP exhibited the lowest performance. Therefore, the research suggests that combining various methods in an ensemble approach, rather than relying solely on GBLUP, can lead to better predictions of FMD-resistant individuals. This approach has the potential to help mitigate the damages caused by future FMD outbreaks.
Transpiration Dynamics in Co-Located Maize, Sorghum, and Soybean Closed Canopies and Their Environmental Controls
Authors: Kukal Meetpal S. , Irmak Suat
Published: January 2024

Highlights

Hourly sap flow measured in co-located and identically managed maize, sorghum, and soybean closed canopies.

PAR, VPD, and ETr were strongly correlated to transpiration (T) normalized by LAI.

Negative response of T to high VPD (3-4 kPa) was observed for maize and sorghum.

Counterclockwise hysteresis observed for diurnal T-VPD and T-PAR.

MLR models were developed to estimate T using VPD and PAR.

Abstract. Transpiration (T) dominates terrestrial hydrological fluxes and is strongly coupled with vegetation productivity and water use efficiency across different biomes, including agricultural systems. Studying how T in field crops responds to environmental variability has important implications to inform and predict agroecosystems’ response to a changing environment. However, comparative T rates among major field crops remain unknown in many regions where drought severity and limited freshwater availability are projected, such as the Central U.S. Plains. We address this knowledge gap by monitoring and characterizing hourly T for field-grown maize, grain sorghum, and soybean crops under the same weather, soil, and management regimes using sap flow sensors. The relationships among crop-specific T and air temperature (Tair), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (u2), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), incoming shortwave radiation (Rs), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), net radiation (Rn), and grass- and alfalfa-reference evapotranspiration (ETo, ETr) were investigated. T normalized by leaf area index (T LAI-1) was most correlated with PAR (r=0.88), ETr (r=0.84), and VPD (r=0.81). Mean sensitivity of T LAI-1 to unit change in Tair, Rs, PAR, Rn, u2, RH, VPD, and ETr for maize and sorghum was 88% and 59% greater than that of soybean, respectively. All crops showed non-linear T LAI-1 response to increasing VPD, and a negative response of T LAI-1 to VPD was observed in the 3.0-4.0 kPa VPD range for maize and sorghum. Each crop demonstrated a counterclockwise hysteresis effect to diurnal T-VPD and T-PAR, which was 177% and 87% greater (for T-VPD) and 44% and 17% greater (for T-PAR) in maize and sorghum, respectively, than soybean. Transpiration has rarely been measured in row crops, especially in a comparative fashion, and thus, the concurrent T dynamics and their environmental controls characterized in this research are of critical importance. These data can be instrumental for quantitatively assessing change in true crop water use (transpiration) and thus crop suitability under projected environmental change. Keywords: Hysteresis, Photosynthetically active radiation, Reference evapotranspiration, Sapflow, Vapor pressure deficit.
Observations from the Korean War for Modern Military Medicine
Authors: Bricknell Martin CM
Published: January 2024

This paper reviews developments in military medicine during the Korean War and places them in the evolution of military medical lessons from the Second World War and the subsequent development of military medicine through the Vietnam War to the present day. The analysis is structured according to the ‘10 Instruments of Military Healthcare.’ Whilst there were incremental developments in military medicine in all these areas, several innovations are specifically attributed to the Korean War. The introduction of helicopters to the battlefield led to the establishment of dedicated medical evacuation helicopters crewed with medical personnel and the evolution into the DUSTOFF system during the Vietnam War. Helicopter evacuation was the primary medical evacuation system in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The establishment of the Mobile Army Surgical Hospital during the Korean War were founded upon the US Auxiliary Surgical Groups or the UK Casualty Clearing Stations of World War II. The requirement for resuscitation and surgical teams close to the battlefield has endured through the development of mobile hospitals of varying sizes from Field Surgical Teams to the current ‘modular’ Hospital Centre and other international equivalents. There were many innovations in the clinical care of battle casualties covering wound shock, surgical techniques, preventive medicine, and acute psychiatric care that refreshed or advanced knowledge from the Second World War. These were enabled through the establishment of medical research programs that were managed within the theatre of operations. Further advances in all these clinical topics can be observed through the Vietnam War to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan – all of which were underpinned by institutional directed research programs. Finally, collaboration between international military medical services and the development of Korean military medical services is a major theme of this review. This ‘military-tomilitary’ and ‘civil-military’ medical engagement was also a major activity during the Vietnam War and more recently in Iraq and Afghanistan. Overall, the topics and themes in military medicine that were important during the Korean War can be considered to be part of trajectory of innovation in military medicine have been replicated in many subsequent wars. The paper also highlights some ‘lessons’ from World War II that had to be relearned in the Korean War, and some observations from the Korean War that had to be relearned in subsequent wars.
Medical Support Provided by the UN’s Scandinavian Allies during the Korean War
Authors: JEONG Sekwon , MIN You-ki , LEE Sangduk
Published: January 2024

The humanitarian motivation of medical support from the three Scandinavian countries during the Korean War cannot be doubted, but the countries also had to be politically sensitive during this period. The fact that these countries only dispatched medical support, and that the team was not only for military purpose but also intended to help the civilians is a different point from the U.S. military medical support, which distinguished military medical support that is the U.S. Eighth Army, from the civilian treatment and relief, which is the UNCACK. In addition, medical support activities from the Scandinavian countries were bound to be flexible depending on the rapidly changing trend of war, active regions, and their support methods. At a time when the battle was fierce and the number of wounded soldiers increased, they had no choice but to concentrate on treating wounded soldiers, whether in Busan or Incheon. However, even while treating these wounded soldiers, they tried to treat and rescue civilians around the base area whenever they had chance. It is easily imaginable that in the urgent situation of war, the nature of medical support cannot be clearly divided into military or civilian if there is only one team that is operating. It is clear, however, that the common humanitarian purpose of rescuing and treating civilians affected the establishment of the National Medical Center in Seoul after the war. The Scandinavians had indeed remained even after the end of the war in to provide full support of establishing modern medical system in Korea. This suggests that modern Korean medical or public health system did not start to be developed in the 1960s like some researchers argue, but started a few years earlier during the time of the war with the support from the countries world-wide.
Development and Influence of Military Medicine during the Korean War: the Medical Field Service School and Training in the U.S.
Authors: KIM Jinhyouk
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the development of military medicine during the Korean War, with a focus on the role of the Medical Field Service School and training programs in the United States. It also explores the nuanced acceptance of American medicine by South Korean doctors. Military surgeon education and training emerged as pivotal catalysts, initiating a qualitative transformation in South Korean medicine and serving as a catalyst for the advancement of modern medical practices. Military surgeon education went beyond imparting military knowledge to civilian doctors; it also acted as a vehicle for disseminating fundamental medical knowledge essential for the progress of Korean medicine. Noteworthy is the strategic selection of exceptional military surgeons for overseas training, serving as a vital link for the assimilation of ‘advanced medicine’ across diverse medical domains. Contrary to unilateral acceptance, South Korean doctors embraced American medicine based on subjective judgments aligned with the specific needs of South Korean medicine. Acknowledging American medical knowledge and technology through the Medical Field Service School and U.S. training, military surgeons refrained from mere praise, recognizing the substantial gaps between South Korean and American military medicine. Beyond material achievements, South Korean military surgeons also discerned and valued the spiritual legacy of American medicine. These military surgeons actively determined the essential medical majors for South Korea, introducing cutting-edge medical technology, and leveraging relationships with U.S. military surgeons to facilitate opportunities for themselves and their students to study abroad. This proactive approach highlights the independent thought processes of South Korean military surgeons, addressing both material and spiritual needs and serving as internal driving forces for the development of South Korean medicine.
The Prevalence of and Responses to Infectious Diseases in No Sangchu Ilgi
Authors: IM Hyekyun
Published: January 2024

This paper examines the patterns of infectious diseases during the Joseon dynasty in the 18th and 19th centuries, as described in No Sangchu Ilgi (the diaries of No Sangchu) and the responses of No Sangchu and his family. During this period, infectious diseases such as smallpox and measles were prevalent. No Sangchu’s diaries detailed accounts related to his family and hometown. For example, the diaries show that the infection rate was high among young children, such as No’s younger siblings and nephews. The process of nursing them is meticulously documented. To address infectious diseases, No sought medical assistance by meeting with doctors or visiting pharmacies for prescribed remedies. Additionally, he and his family would relocate to temples or relatives’ homes to avoid areas with severe outbreaks. When engaged in official duties, updates about his family and hometown were received through letters, and the diary primarily focused on the circumstances at his workplace. In 1799, while working in the central government, No encountered a large-scale outbreak of infectious diseases. He extensively documented the resulting damage, including the loss of his own family members. An examination of his diaries not only reveals No Sangchu’s individual responses but also sheds light on the state’s efforts to maintain a relief system. In summary, No Sangchu Ilgi provides detailed records of infectious diseases directly related to household well-being and the state’s to infectious diseases, making it a valuable source for understanding the experience of infectious diseases in the late Joseon period.
The whiteness of ‘sex discrimination’: theorising white feminist ideology in politics
Authors: Christoffersen Ashlee
Published: January 2024

The year 2025 will mark 50 years since the prohibition of gender discrimination in employment in Europe. Feminist narratives of this time have often been ones of progress, despite Black feminist critique of how such legislation effaced racially minoritised women’s experiences. Why was gender equality legislation designed to mainly benefit white privileged women? What discourses were involved? Meanwhile, while the term ‘white feminism’ has recently been popularised, there has been relatively little investigation of what it comprises in politics in Europe. Drawing on cross-disciplinary empirical research on UK gender equality legislation involving analysis of parliamentary debate, archival research and oral history, this article contributes to theorisation of the tenets of white feminism, namely, as a political ideology wherein gender is constructed as the most important marker of social inequality and, specifically, as being more important than racial inequality. Ultimately, such specification aims to make white feminism in politics impossible to render neutral.
Understanding and Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Academic Libraries
Authors: Goldman Ben
Published: January 2024

abstract: It is now widely understood that societies must rapidly decarbonize to avoid the worst impacts of future climate change. To contribute to this urgent effort, academic libraries should develop an understanding of the carbon footprint resulting from their activities. This article shares the results of an effort at the Penn State University Libraries to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions generated in one year. It will define the elements of a greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, explain the context and process for undertaking this effort at Penn State, share findings, and discuss potential implications for academic libraries.
Disruption and Demoralization in Academic Libraries: A Snapshot
Authors: Kenyon Jylisa , Henrich Kristin
Published: January 2024

abstract: This article discusses a specific subset of results from an exploratory survey deployed in September 2021. Quantitative and qualitative results of this exploratory survey were considerable, and as such, this article focuses on question responses related to library workers' perceptions of themselves and others during times of change and views of their place in academic librarianship now and in the future. Overall, survey respondents demonstrated a high level of self-confidence and personal agency as library workers, but also illustrated consistent themes of demoralization, with respondents sometimes or often considering leaving their current roles (78 percent) or the profession entirely (60 percent).
MAFE-Net: retinal vessel segmentation based on a multiple attention-guided fusion mechanism and ensemble learning network
Authors: Peng Yuanyuan , Tang Yingjie , Luan Pengpeng , Zhang Zixu , Tu Hongbin
Published: January 2024

The precise and automatic recognition of retinal vessels is of utmost importance in the prevention, diagnosis and assessment of certain eye diseases, yet it brings a nontrivial uncertainty for this challenging detection mission due to the presence of intricate factors, such as uneven and indistinct curvilinear shapes, unpredictable pathological deformations, and non-uniform contrast. Therefore, we propose a unique and practical approach based on a multiple attention-guided fusion mechanism and ensemble learning network (MAFE-Net) for retinal vessel segmentation. In conventional UNet-based models, long-distance dependencies are explicitly modeled, which may cause partial scene information loss. To compensate for the deficiency, various blood vessel features can be extracted from retinal images by using an attention-guided fusion module. In the skip connection part, a unique spatial attention module is applied to remove redundant and irrelevant information; this structure helps to better integrate low-level and high-level features. The final step involves a DropOut layer that removes some neurons randomly to prevent overfitting and improve generalization. Moreover, an ensemble learning framework is designed to detect retinal vessels by combining different deep learning models. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, experimental results were verified in public datasets STARE, DRIVE, and CHASEDB1, which achieved F1 scores of 0.842, 0.825, and 0.814, and Accuracy values of 0.975, 0.969, and 0.975, respectively. Compared with eight state-of-the-art models, the designed model produces satisfactory results both visually and quantitatively.
Compound four-cavity single-longitudinal mode fiber laser
Authors: Chen Huiping , Yang Jun , Song Shuxiang , Long Biao
Published: January 2024

A compound resonant cavity-type single longitudinal mode erbium-doped fiber laser is proposed and verified in this paper. We use a compound four-cavity to expand the longitudinal mode spacing of the laser and a homemade grating F-P filter and a saturable absorber to narrow the gain spectral bandwidth, enabling the laser to operate in a single-frequency state. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the important roles of the main constructed fiber laser parts, the center wavelength of the laser output of 1550.06 nm is obtained, and the optical signal-to-noise ratio is 65 dB. In a 50 minute period, the wavelength fluctuation is exhibited along with the maximum power fluctuation of 0.28 dB. The value of the laser output linewidth is ∼250 Hz, measured by using the delayed self-heterodyne method.
Two-photon absorption and fluorescence of cadmium sulfide
Authors: Goranson Jacob , Taft Gregory J.
Published: January 2024

The two-photon absorption and fluorescence of bulk cadmium sulfide were studied using 50-fs, 800-nm pulses from an unamplified Ti:sapphire laser. The fluorescence spectrum was measured to have a main peak at 522 nm, and the power of the fluorescence was shown to vary quadratically with the 800-nm beam power. This supports the theory that the fluorescence is excited by two-photon absorption and confirms previous work done with longer duration, higher energy excitation pulses. Pump-probe measurements provided additional confirmation of the two-photon absorption. Measured spectral broadening of the wings of the laser spectrum also was observed, which likely is due to self-phase modulation in the cadmium sulfide.
Two-step polishing progress and mechanism for polycrystalline diamond
Authors: Qiang Ming , Chen Siyuan , YIN XIAOMENG , Wu Lunzhe , Fan Youyu , Xu Xueke , Wang Zhe , Dun Aihuan
Published: January 2024

We innovatively propose the use of thermal-assisted DFP to polishing of CVD polycrystalline diamond with low-speed, low-pressure. This process reduces the roughness (Rq) from 101 nm to 10 nm. Subsequently, a polishing liquid is formulated using K2FeO4, deionized water, glacial acetic acid, and W0.25 diamond abrasive for CMP, ultimately achieving a further reduction in Rq to 3.9 nm. This marks the first combination of DFP and CMP processes, providing a new approach to diamond polishing.
Hybrid regularization method for LRT image reconstruction under incomplete projections
Authors: Guo Rui , Zhihan Jin , Jiang Zheyi , zhang xin-yuan , Hu Yihua , Guo Liang , long lulan
Published: January 2024

Lidar reflective tomography (LRT) system is able to achieve long-distance target detection and collect laser projection data for target reconstruction. In target detection with laser, the projection data is often incomplete or missing, where the traditional reconstruction algorithms are no longer effective. Therefore, this paper applies the regularization model to LRT image reconstruction and proposes a hybrid regularization method for higher LRT imaging performance, to prevent the over-fitting problem of the model and improve the speed and stability of the proposed method. Meanwhile, the edge and the structural characteristics of the reconstructed target with LRT is better enhanced by using the proposed hybrid regularization method. By conducting the LRT outfield experiment and using the collected LRT projection data, the validity of the proposed method in incomplete projection reconstruction is well proved.
F-actin coordinates spindle morphology and function in Drosophila meiosis
Authors: Wood Benjamin W. , Shi Xingzhu , Weil Timothy T.
Published: January 2024

Meiosis is a highly conserved feature of sexual reproduction that ensures germ cells have the correct number of chromosomes prior to fertilization. A subset of microtubules, known as the spindle, are essential for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis. Building evidence in mammalian systems has recently highlighted the unexpected requirement of the actin cytoskeleton in chromosome segregation; a network of spindle actin filaments appear to regulate many aspects of this process. Here we show that Drosophila oocytes also have a spindle population of actin that appears to regulate the formation of the microtubule spindle and chromosomal movements throughout meiosis. We demonstrate that genetic and pharmacological disruption of the actin cytoskeleton has a significant impact on spindle morphology, dynamics, and chromosome alignment and segregation during maturation and the metaphase-anaphase transition. We further reveal a role for calcium in maintaining the microtubule spindle and spindle actin. Together, our data highlights potential conservation of morphology and mechanism of the spindle actin during meiosis.
Military sexual trauma-related posttraumatic stress disorder service-connection: Characteristics of claimants and award denial across gender, race, and compared to combat trauma
Authors: Webermann Aliya R. , Gianoli Mayumi O. , Rosen Marc I. , Portnoy Galina A. , Runels Tessa , Black Anne C.
Published: January 2024

The current study characterizes a cohort of veteran claims filed with the Veterans Benefits Administration for posttraumatic stress disorder secondary to experiencing military sexual trauma, compares posttraumatic stress disorder service-connection award denial for military sexual trauma-related claims versus combat-related claims, and examines military sexual trauma -related award denial across gender and race. We conducted analyses on a retrospective national cohort of veteran claims submitted and rated between October 2017-May 2022, including 102,409 combat-related claims and 31,803 military sexual trauma-related claims. Descriptive statistics were calculated, logistic regressions assessed denial of service-connection across stressor type and demographics, and odds ratios were calculated as effect sizes. Military sexual trauma-related claims were submitted primarily by White women Army veterans, and had higher odds of being denied than combat claims (27.6% vs 18.2%). When controlling for age, race, and gender, men veterans had a 1.78 times higher odds of having military sexual trauma-related claims denied compared to women veterans (36.6% vs. 25.4%), and Black veterans had a 1.39 times higher odds of having military sexual trauma-related claims denied compared to White veterans (32.4% vs. 25.3%). Three-fourths of military sexual trauma-related claims were awarded in this cohort. However, there were disparities in awarding of claims for men and Black veterans, which suggest the possibility of systemic barriers for veterans from underserved backgrounds and/or veterans who may underreport military sexual trauma.
AutoPhy: Automated phylogenetic identification of novel protein subfamilies
Authors: Ortiz-Velez Adrian N. , Sukumaran Jeet , Rouzbehani Ryin , Kelley Scott T.
Published: January 2024

Phylogenetic analysis of protein sequences provides a powerful means of identifying novel protein functions and subfamilies, and for identifying and resolving annotation errors. However, automation of functional clustering based on phylogenetic trees has been challenging and most of it is done manually. Clustering phylogenetic trees usually requires the delineation of tree-based thresholds (e.g., distances), leading to an ad hoc problem. We propose a new phylogenetic clustering approach that identifies clusters without using ad hoc distances or other pre-defined values. Our workflow combines uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) with Gaussian mixture models as a k-means like procedure to automatically group sequences into clusters. We then apply a “second pass” clade identification algorithm to resolve non-monophyletic groups. We tested our approach with several well-curated protein families (outer membrane porins, acyltransferase, and nuclear receptors) and showed our automated methods recapitulated known subfamilies. We also applied our methods to a broad range of different protein families from multiple databases, including Pfam, PANTHER, and UniProt, and to alignments of RNA viral genomes. Our results showed that AutoPhy rapidly generated monophyletic clusters (subfamilies) within phylogenetic trees evolving at very different rates both within and among phylogenies. The phylogenetic clusters generated by AutoPhy resolved misannotations and identified new protein functional groups and novel viral strains.
Clinical features, socioeconomic status, management, short and long-term outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction: Phase I results of PEACE MENA registry
Authors: Al Saleh Ayman , Jamee Amal , Sulaiman Kadhim , Sobhy Mohamed , Gamra Habib , Alkindi Fahad , Benkhedda Salim , Al-Motarreb Ahmed , Amin Mohammad I. , Almahmeed Wael , Hammoudeh Ayman , Skouri Hadi , Farhan Hasan A. , Al Jarallah Mohammad , Fellat Nadia , Panduranga Prashanth , Alnajm Bayan K. , Abdelhamid Magdy , Refaat Rafik , Amor Hassen , Messaous Salma , Ahmed Hosameldin S. , Chibane Ahcene , AbdulMalek Azzouz , Alsagheer Nora K. , Dada Sobhi , Mokhtar Zaki , Ali Muhammad , Ullah Anhar , AlBackr Hanan , Alhabib Khalid F.
Published: January 2024

Background

The Program for the Evaluation and Management of Cardiac Events in the Middle East and North Africa (PEACE MENA) is a prospective registry program in Arabian countries that involves in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or acute heart failure (AHF).

Methods

This prospective, multi-center, multi-country study is the first report of the baseline characteristics and outcomes of inpatients with AMI who were enrolled during the first 14-month recruitment phase. We report the clinical characteristics, socioeconomic, educational levels, and management, in-hospital, one month and one-year outcomes.

Results

Between April 2019 and June 2020, 1377 patients with AMI were enrolled (79.1% males) from 16 Arabian countries. The mean age (± SD) was 58 ± 12 years. Almost half of the population had a net income < $500/month, and 40% had limited education. Nearly half of the cohort had a history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia; 53% had STEMI, and almost half (49.7%) underwent a primary percutaneous intervention (PCI) (lowest 4.5% and highest 100%). Thrombolytics were used by 36.2%. (Lowest 6.45% and highest (90.9%). No reperfusion occurred in 13.8% of patients (lowest was 0% and highest 72.7%).Primary PCI was performed less frequently in the lower income group vs. high income group (26.3% vs. 54.7%; P<0.001). Recurrent ischemia occurred more frequently in the low-income group (10.9% vs. 7%; P = 0.018). Re-admission occurred in 9% at 1 month and 30% at 1 year, whereas 1-month mortality was 0.7% and 1-year mortality 4.7%.

Conclusion

In the MENA region, patients with AMI present at a young age and have a high burden of cardiac risk factors. Most of the patients in the registry have a low income and low educational status. There is heterogeneity among key performance indicators of AMI management among various Arabian countries.
Changes in instrumental activities daily living limitations and their associated factors according to gender in community-residing older adults: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Moon SeolHwa , Oh Eunmi , Chung Daum , Hong Gwi-Ryung Son
Published: January 2024

Background

Increases in dependence among older adults cause increases in care needs and social care burden. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) are often used to assess the independence of older adults residing in communities. Various factors affect IADL limitations, but few studies confirm gender differences in IADL limitations in older adults. This study explored the changes in incidence of IADL limitations across 14 years and identified the factors associated with IADL limitations according to gender among older adults in Korea.

Method

This study uses secondary data analysis with 2006–2020 data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), a longitudinal cohort study. Among the total 10,254 participants, 1,230 adults aged 65 years and over who met the criteria were included in the final analysis. For each IADL item, a limitation was defined when the response was partial or complete dependence. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors (in 2006) associated with IADL limitations in 2020.

Results

The mean age of the participants at baseline was 69.64 years (SD 3.93), and 61.0% of participants were female. Total scores for IADL limitations increased gradually across 14 years in all participants, and observed changes were statistically significant. The top three ranked items of IADL limitations differed according to gender in 2020: the top limitations in men were preparing meals, laundry, and using public transportation, and the top limitations in women were using public transportation, going out, and handling money. Factors associated with total IADL limitations were grip strength in men and age, dementia, fear of fall, and grip strength in women. Factors associated with the top three ranked items of IADL limitations differed according to gender.

Conclusion

The incidence of IADL limitations gradually increased in all participants over a 14-year period. In older adults in Korea, gender differences were confirmed in the factors associated with IADL limitations, as well as in the main limited activities. To minimize IADL limitations in community-residing older adults, it is necessary to plan tailored interventions.
Performance enhancement and PAPR reduction for MIMO based QAM-FBMC systems
Authors: Hassan Emad S.
Published: January 2024

Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) is attracting significant interest as a multi-carrier modulation (MCM) approach for future communication systems. It offers numerous advantages in contrast to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Nonetheless, similar to many other MCM techniques, FBMC encounters a significant challenge with a high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). Additionally, incorporating Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) into FBMC presents heightened difficulties due to the presence of complex interference and increased computational complexity. In this paper, we first study the performance analysis of MIMO based Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)-FBMC systems considering the system complexity and interference. To enhance coverage effectively using beamforming with multiple antennas, it is essential to reduce PAPR to minimize the input backoff (IBO) required by nonlinear power amplifiers. Therefore, we propose new PAPR reduction method for MIMO based QAM-FBMC systems leveraging the null space within the MIMO channel using clipping and filtering (CF) technique. The PAPR reduction signals generated in this process are then mapped to the null space of the overall MIMO channel for each frequency block. Through computer simulations using a nonlinear power amplifier model, we illustrate that the proposed method substantially enhances both PAPR and throughput of MIMO based FBMC systems compared to conventional methods.
Barter Archive: Reimagining archival alternatives through participatory illustration – A case study of Billingsgate Fish Market (2019–22)
Authors: Wong Pat WingShan
Published: January 2024

There is an increasingly significant trove of observational sketches being used by illustrators as a visual research method to document and depict community and city interactions. Illustration, for me, serves as a potent, participatory tool of visual research that catalyses such transformative conversations and bolsters relationships within the community fabric. The act of drawing goes beyond rendering an image; it fosters a way to capture, record and create multifaceted interactions between people and their environments. The focus of this article is my community research project, Barter Archive (2019–22), an initiative that employs illustration as a transitional medium, moving from mere record-keeping to constructing a visual repository of collective memory. By inviting community members to participate in the process, ‘Barter Archive’ aims to advance understanding of the intrinsic potential that illustration holds. The project underscores its function as a metaphorical method, one that can substantively shape the collective memory. Moreover, the central argument presented here is that traditional models of archiving our collective memory require innovation, demanding greater inclusivity and accessibility. To this end, the illustration-based ‘Barter Archive’ presents an alternative approach to conventional archival methods. It engages the collective community in a participatory process that ultimately enhances memory-making and preservation practices, making them more accessible across the social spectrum. In conclusion, the importance of evolving and enhancing traditional archiving methods cannot be overstressed, as they play a crucial role in the preservation and inclusivity of collective memory. The ‘Barter Archive’ project, through its unique use of illustration, reinvents the conventional processes attached to archival practices. It provides a platform where community members can actively participate and contribute to collective memory-making, subsequently fostering a better understanding of the power and potential of illustration. Implementing this innovative and transformative approach could revolutionize the archiving landscape, making it more participatory, representative and inclusive, ultimately enriching the collective memory tapestry of communities and cityscapes.
Your flight has been cancelled: Stock vector landscape as a digital non-place
Authors: Kopalova Ksenia , Krasnova-Shabaeva Masha
Published: January 2024

This article will present and analyse the results of a research workshop conducted during and after the 2022 Transitus symposium at Falmouth University. The article aims to explore our visions of physical space, travel and migration through stock landscape illustration. The workshop invited illustrators to draw a five-step sequence of images customizing a stock landscape by turning it into a view out of their window, thus exploring how a visual digital ‘airport’, a utopian hub of a stock landscape, disintegrates into particularities of individual experiences. The resulting sequences of images were put together in an online magazine about illustration, Slonvboa.ru, and are available here: http://slonvboa.ru/nonlandscape, accessed 10 June 2023. This webpage collects 30-minute drawings from fourteen illustrators based in ten countries: Armenia, Dubai, France, Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom, with ten of the participants being based outside of their home country. Building upon the idea of the ‘nomadic illustration’ suggested by Catrin Morgan and Marc Augé’s notion of ‘non-place’, this article will explore further similarities between nomadism and the circulation of stock imagery. It will thus use the term ‘nomadic’ not only as a metaphor, but also as a direct link to migration studies and studies of digital nomadism, which often describes the precarious occupation of a migrating illustrator. This project will aim to highlight the unlikely possibilities that stock illustration may offer as a point of connection, rather than an alienating utopian abstraction. It will also analyse how individual authorial strategies deal with the notion of space, and how artistic means shape our visions of private and public spaces.
Genealogías femeninas y formación inicial docente. El papel de la Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales para el aprendizaje de la Sostenibilidad y la Ciudadanía Mundial
Authors: Díez Ros Rocío , Ortuño Martínez Bárbara , Ponsoda López de Atalaya Santiago , Dominguez García Andrea
Published: January 2024

El objetivo fundamental de la investigación que aquí presentamos es analizar la efectividad y la utilidad de una estrategia didáctica en Didáctica de las Ciencias Sociales, para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Ciudadanía Mundial y el Desarrollo Sostenible en la formación inicial del profesorado de Educación Infantil. Las acciones se adaptan a lo recogido en la Agenda 2030 sobre el Desarrollo Sostenible y sus 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Partiendo de una investigación histórica con perspectiva de género, el alumnado participante ha realizado un ejercicio de diálogo entre pasado, presente y futuro que le ha permitido reflexionar sobre sus aportaciones docentes hacia la consecución de una educación igualitaria. En concreto se han analizado los resultados de una acción formativa basada en las genealogías femeninas, como herramienta para potenciar, entre otros, el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico en el alumnado, que es personal docente en formación. Para ello, hemos recurrido a un método mixto y hemos implementado como instrumento una escala tipo Likert, junto a una serie de preguntas abiertas para conocer con más detalle la percepción de nuestra propuesta. Han participado un total de 283 estudiantes de la asignatura de Didáctica del Conocimiento del Medio Social y Cultural de segundo curso del Grado de Maestro/a en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Alicante. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que se trata de una estrategia educativa novedosa en su formación docente, y útil para su futuro profesional, según indica el alumnado participante en el estudio. Consideran también que les inspira para cumplir con su responsabilidad de educar en igualdad de género y que, además, les forma para la consecución de una sociedad mundial justa y democrática.
Experience implementing curricular activities in physics to familiarize students with SDGs 5 and 7
Authors: Calvo Iglesias Encina
Published: January 2024

This paper presents an experience of implementing curricular activities that aim to familiarise students with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), thus promoting sustainability and the critical contextualisation of knowledge and highlighting the scientific contributions of women. The pedagogical experience was carried out in the Physics subject of the Chemical Engineering degree at the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC). First, a questionnaire was administered to assess students’ prior knowledge of these goals, especially SDG 5: «Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls» and SDG 7: «Affordable and clean energy», in the first-year Physics subjects of the Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology degrees of the USC to determine the influence of the degree. The results showed that students in both degrees knew the SDGs but had difficulties identifying SDG 7. Similarly, male students of Chemical Engineering had more difficulty in identifying SDG 5. Subsequently, the classes, academic content and activities of the Physics subject of the Chemical Engineering degree were planned to raise awareness among students about the current climate, energy and social emergency in which we find ourselves, as well as the gender inequalities that persist in society. In this way, the aim was for students to acquire critical thinking skills to avoid gender blindness and to face a future with fewer and fewer mineral and energy resources. The experience was satisfactory for the students, demonstrating the importance of teaching this content in scientific subjects because they enabled reflection and critical capacity, which are essential for understanding and dealing with reality.