bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Représentations télévisuelles des Championnats du monde de football des femmes en France : entre stéréotypes et innovations transgressives
Authors: Lapeyroux Natacha
Published: March 2021

Cet article propose d’analyser les retransmissions de compétitions sportives des footballeuses de haut niveau dans une perspective gender studies . Dans un premier temps, une étude quantitative des retransmissions de compétitions des Championnats du monde de football des débuts de la télévision à nos jours a été réalisée. Dans un second temps, à partir d’un corpus de retransmissions des Championnats du monde de football de 2007, 2011 et 2015, nous avons effectué un recensement des journalistes sportifs et des consultant·es qui commentent les retransmissions de compétitions sportives afin de poser la question de l’influence d’une expertise sexuée (Montañola, 2014). Puis nous avons réalisé une analyse socio-sémiotique (Lochard, 2010) des représentations genrées qui circulent au sujet des footballeuses de haut niveau de manière diachronique afin de saisir les moments de ruptures et les discontinuités (Foucault, 1969) sur trois coupes du monde (2007, 2011 et 2015).
Drops of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL 759 culture supernatant attenuates eyes inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Layús B.I. , Gomez M.A. , Cazorla S.I. , Rodriguez A.V.
Published: March 2021

Anti-inflammatory effect of soluble secreted compounds of probiotic bacteria was widely demonstrated as therapy for different inflammatory diseases, but was not investigated in inflammatory eye disorders. The aim of this study was to determine whether Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL759 cell-free supernatant reduced inflammatory parameters and clinical signs in ocular inflammations. First, we evaluated the effect of L. plantarum CRL759 supernatant in vitro on human retinal cell line, ARPE-19 cells, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Then, we investigated in vivo its capacity to decrease inflammation by local administration on the eyes of mice with endotoxin induced inflammation. In vitro assays demonstrated that L. plantarum CRL759 supernatant reduced the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, nitric oxide and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in LPS-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. Our in vivo data proved that L. plantarum supernatant significantly reduced the clinical score of endotoxin treated mice and diminished levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma and protein concentration in aqueous humour. Histological examination showed reduction of infiltrating inflammatory cells in the posterior segment of the eyes. As far as we know, this is the first report showing that Lactobacillus spp. supernatant administered as drops reduces some parameters of ocular inflammation. This promising strategy is safe and could alleviate symptoms and signs of ocular inflammation in people that are refractories to the conventional therapies.
Effect of dietary supplementation with powder derived fromMoringa oleifera andAzadirachta indica leaves on growth and microbial load of edible crickets
Authors: Ng’ang’a J. , Imathiu S. , Fombong F. , Vanden Broeck J. , Kinyuru J.
Published: March 2021

Cricket farming has shown its potential to address food and nutrition insecurity in parts of the world. However, one of the remaining challenges limiting mass production of edible insects is the affordability of feeds. One possible way to address this issue would be to explore the use of traditional plants such asMoringa oleifera leaf (MOL) andAzadirachta indica leaf (AIL) that are locally available, are protein-rich and possesses some antibacterial properties in insect feed formulation. In this regard, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementation of MOL (5 or 10%) and AIL (5 or 10%) powder in the commercially used starter chicken feed on growth and microbial load of house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and field cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus). After feeding for four weeks, the supplemented feeds with 10% MOL or 10% AIL inA. domesticus andG. bimaculatus significantly decreased (P<0.05) the body weights. Also, supplementation with MOL (5 or 10%) and AIL (5 or 10%) increased the mortality in both cricket species. Although high counts of total aerobic,Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, bacterial endospores, yeasts and moulds were observed, significantly lower counts (P<0.05) of lactic acid bacteria and bacterial endospores were observed in treatments containing MOL (5 or 10%) and 10% AIL in both cricket species. After processing (toasting and boiling), significant reductions (P<0.001) of all vegetative microbial cells were observed but bacterial endospores were not completely eliminated. Thus, during production and processing of insects and insect-derived products, bacterial endospores would require special attention.Salmonella andEscherichia coli were not detected in processed crickets’ samples. In conclusion, supplementation with 5% MOL or 5% AIL can produce crickets with similar body weight as control feed. Mortality increased significantly when feeds were supplemented with either MOL or AIL powder. Supplementation with MOL and AIL powders significantly reduced the cell numbers for some bacterial groups in both cricket species.
Elaboração de um índice espacial de segurança: estudo de caso da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Água Espraiada – São Paulo/SP
Authors: Shoegima Thiago França , Ferreira Marcos Cesar
Published: March 2021

Esse trabalho apresenta uma análise dos níveis de ocorrência de furtos e roubos de veículos e celulares na área da Bacia Hidrográfica do córrego Água Espraiada/SP. Foram feitas séries temporais das ocorrências ao longo do ano de 2018, com dados obtidos da Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados mensais apontam uma tendência de ocorrência em certas áreas. Ao final após a elaboração dos mapas de ocorrências mensais, foi desenvolvido um mapa final consolidando todos os meses, no qual a partir do uso do método de kernel se gerou um mapa com o índice de segurança em relação a furtos e roubos para a área de estudo
Revisitando o regionalismo como fundamento da questão regional
Authors: Castro Iná Elias de
Published: March 2021

A proposta neste texto é revisitar as discussões sobre o regionalismo tomando como ponto de partida que toda ideia de regionalismo tem por base um recorte regional, que no caso do velho regionalismo ancora-se na bem elaborada ideia de uma questão regional e que não há consenso sobre o significado e a operacionalidade do conceito. De modo resumido são tomados dois eixos em torno dos quais se assentam na atualidade as discussões e controvérsias sobre o regionalismo como problema: o “velho” e o “novo” regionalismo. Nesses eixos serão retomadas: a discussão das condições necessárias ao regionalismo como conceito e como estratégia de ação e a investigação sobre as suas características atuais frente às possibilidades das novas questões sociais, políticas e econômicas que se impõem em escalas subnacionais e supranacionais. Enquanto a ideia do velho regionalismo nutre-se da perspectiva da região como questão, ou seja, como recorte espacial continente de problema ou mesmo de conflitos de ordem cultural, político ou econômico na escala subnacional, o novo regionalismo, ao contrário, se qualifica para o debate da região como recorte espacial de inovações e potencialidades econômicas, também na escala supranacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o regionalismo como problema em diferentes escalas e conjunturas. O texto está dividido em duas partes: na primeira recupero o debate sobre o que hoje pode ser chamado de velho regionalismo e os pontos centrais do debate em torno dos seus fundamentos e justificativas. Na segunda parte são apresentadas as características e o debate em torno do chamado novo regionalismo.
Turismo e políticas públicas na Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Tavares Maria Goretti da Costa
Published: March 2021

Levando em consideração a efetivação de políticas específicas do turismo, a partir da década de 1970, o governo federal realizou uma série de medidas voltadas para a expansão da atividade na Amazônia, entre elas, especificamente, estavam os planos de desenvolvimento da região, ou PDAS (os planos de turismo da Amazônia I e II). Nestes planos, estavam esboçadas, de uma forma bem ampla, as estratégias espaciais, e, acima de tudo a concepção de desenvolvimento a qual a região amazônica estava subordinada. Nessa perspectiva, este artigo debate as políticas públicas de turismo implementadas para a região a partir da década de 70, tomando como exemplo o Estado do Pará. Debatendo, por fim, os limites e possibilidade das práticas turísticas na região.
A natureza e a região na Amazônia: zoneamento ecológico-econômico e políticas de desenvolvimento regional
Authors: Coêlho Anna Carolina de Abreu , Gumiero Rafael Gonçalves , Redón Sergio Moreno , Lopes Andréa Regina de Britto Costa
Published: March 2021

O objetivo é compreender a natureza e a região na Amazônia, discutindo as possibilidades e limites do zoneamento ecológico-econômico e das políticas de desenvolvimento regional. A partir de uma interpretação das relações espaço-tempo na Amazônia, desenvolvendo narrativas e representações da época e debatendo análises científicas mais recentes, busca-se pensar as alternativas e implicações colocadas tanto na perspectiva da problemática ambiental quanto no sentido da questão regional, que permitam minimamente mitigar as desigualdades sociais, econômicas e culturais que persistem e marcam profundamente o trópico úmido.
Serviços ecossistêmicos e sua importância para a dinâmica e conservação do Pampa: uma análise da categoria familiar na fronteira Sant’Ana do Livramento/BR e Rivera/UY
Authors: Netto Tatiane Almeida , Verdum Roberto
Published: March 2021

O processo de globalização, desde final do século XX acarreta uma nova lógica industrial, orientando o setor agrícola do Pampa com a presença de empresas agroindustriais transnacionais, modificando as estruturas econômicas, sociais e culturais, locais e regionais aumentando as áreas de reconversão para lavouras, sejam de: soja, milho, arroz e árvores exóticas. Neste contexto a pesquisa tem como objetivo descrever a importância da pecuária familiar em um processo de preservação e manutenção das áreas de campo nativo, considerando as transformações históricas sociais, as interações e a dinâmica agrária. Metodologicamente utilizam-se instrumentos como a pesquisa documental, bibliográfica, observação direta e entrevistas semiestruturadas com os informantes qualificados em áreas protegidas e no entorno da APA do Ibirapuitã/BR e no Valle del Lunarejo/UY utilizando-se do método dialético e a abordagem qualitativa para análise dos dados. Este estudo pondera sobre a importância da pecuária familiar para a preservação e conservação do Pampa, bem como a manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos, de provisão, de regulação, culturais e de suporte ao desenvolvimento rural. Como resultado aponta-se a adoção de novas estratégias de reprodução social, tal como a multifuncionalidade que se direciona para o incremento na geração de produtos coloniais e o turismo rural, que são as estratégias mais adotadas, atualmente. As pastagens nativas remanescentes estão vinculadas à pecuária familiar e cabe ao sujeito social que a desenvolve, a decisão de preservar o campo nativo; para tanto, são necessárias políticas públicas de reconhecimento e valorização deste campo, desta prática agrícola e do ecossistema do Pampa.
La marge au coeur du milieu urbain : un premier terrain dans deux favelas paulistanas.
Authors: Panchot Blanche
Published: March 2021

La première expérience de terrain est toujours particulière, elle permet d’enfin appliquer seul/e des années de méthodologie apprises sur les bancs de l’université. Cette chronique reprend ainsi les étapes les plus importantes de mon travail dans deux favelas paulistanas. Les événements décrits ont servi à une analyse « par le bas » d’un certain rapport à la ville dans des espaces considérés comme marginaux. Il s’agit aussi de comprendre comment la municipalité organise ces territoires par son manque d’action ou a contrario par la construction d’infrastructures qui les enclavent.
Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico e territorialidades: um estudo de caso no Litoral Norte paulista
Authors: Itani Marcia , Zuquim Maria de Lourdes
Published: March 2021

O artigo apresenta uma análise sobre os principais avanços e desafios do Zoneamento Ecológico-Econômico (ZEE) do Litoral Norte paulista à luz das territorialidades, ou seja, das relações de poder político, econômico e cultural que se expressam no território e o configuram. A análise está baseada nas principais questões relacionadas aos avanços e desafios do ZEE no país, no histórico de implementação do zoneamento no Litoral Norte, desde sua aprovação em 2004 até sua revisão em 2017, e nos depoimentos de atores sociais. O artigo está organizado em quatro partes. A introdução apresenta uma breve contextualização do desenvolvimento do ZEE como instrumento da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente de 1981 e do Plano Nacional de Gerenciamento Costeiro de 1988 e a base teórica e metodológica da pesquisa. Na segunda parte, resume-se o histórico da implementação do gerenciamento costeiro no estado de São Paulo e do ZEE no Litoral Norte paulista. Em seguida, apresenta-se o resultado da análise, que destaca os avanços e desafios do ZEE à luz das territorialidades. Na última parte, são feitas as considerações finais.
Análise de dados aplicada às Cidades Inteligentes: reflexões sobre a Região Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Barbosa Jane Roberta de Assis , Sánchez-Gendriz Ignacio
Published: March 2021

As cidades inteligentes, como aposta para a gestão urbana, têm despertado a atenção de pesquisadores e gestores públicos ao redor do mundo. Em 2020, na Região Nordeste do Brasil, 36 municípios estão categorizados como “cidades inteligentes”. Este artigo descreve os métodos usados para analisar, visualizar e discutir algumas informações sobre essas 36 cidades. A utilização de mapas temáticos permitiu demonstrar, numa perspectiva espacial, algumas características desses municípios, e sua associação ao uso de métodos de mineração de dados e a uma perspectiva teórica crítica mostrou-se útil para compreender as dinâmicas territoriais das cidades inteligentes. Ao combinar variáveis das cidades pesquisadas, a análise de componentes principais e o agrupamento hierárquico identificaram automaticamente similaridades e diferenças entre elas. Em comparação com as metrópoles e capitais incluídas neste estudo, e tomando-se como referência a REGIC 2007, os resultados mostram-se úteis para identificar as cidades com potencialidades para melhor promover e/ou abrigar dinâmicas territoriais características de cidades inteligentes, que são: Jaboatão dos Guararapes-PE, Olinda-PE, Igarassu-PE, São Lourenço da Mata-PE, Moreno-PE, Itapissuma-PE, que fazem parte da Região Metropolitana de Recife; e Parnamirim-RN, pertencente à Região Metropolitana de Natal.
Pinaverium Bromide Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Excessive Systemic Inflammation via Inhibiting Neutrophil Priming
Authors: Chen Xiaohuan , Liu Yun , Dolin Hallie , Liu Jinghua , Jiang Yong , Pan Zhixing K.
Published: March 2021

Dominant infiltration of neutrophils is a hallmark of many inflammatory diseases, especially in septic shock. IL-1β as one of the most early released proinflammatory cytokine in neutrophil, plays a pivotal role in the progress of sepsis. In this study, we built a high-throughput–compatible drug screen assay platform based on our newly constructed reporter C57BL/6 mice, pIL1-DsRed, expressing the DsRed gene under the control of the IL-1β promoter. After screening 1200 U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved compounds, we found that pinaverium bromide (PVB) significantly suppressed the DsRed expression of primed neutrophil and improved the survival rate of mice given LPS in an endotoxin challenge analogous to sepsis, regardless of whether PVB was administered before or after LPS. PVB also protected the liver and lung from LPS-induced damage and reduced organ-specific inflammatory responses. PVB decreased the production of IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL1 mRNA in the lungs of LPS-treated mice and decreased the serum levels of liver transaminases (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) at multiple time points and doses tested. PVB can significantly suppress primed neutrophil-specific respiratory bursts and migration as well. Lastly, PVB affected neutrophils’ gene expression and phenotypic changes during neutrophil priming. PVB downregulated GM-CSF–induced expression of CD54 and dectin-2 (markers of fully primed neutrophils) at both mRNA and protein levels during late-phase neutrophil priming. In summary, we demonstrated that PVB can be used as a potential therapeutic agent for sepsis by inhibiting neutrophil priming.
Aortic size in children
Authors: Al-mousily Mohammad F. , Lopez Leo , Muniz Juan Carlos , Sasaki Nao , Seltzer Irwin , Gruber Joshua , Welch Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

Background:

Current guidelines recommended aortic measurements during diastole in adults and during systole in children. Recent studies in adults have demonstrated noteworthy differences in aortic measurements during systole and diastole in the same subjects. In the present study, we aimed to characterize systolic and diastolic differences in aortic measurements in healthy children.

Materials and Methods :

This retrospective study included 272 children who had a complete echocardiogram and no heart disease. Aortic measurements at the annulus (ANN), aortic root (AOR), sinotubular junction (STJ), and ascending aorta (AAO) were performed. Systolic and diastolic values were compared by calculating the mean systolic to diastolic (SD) percent difference for each segment; if the SD difference was >5%, it was considered clinically important. Similar measurements were conducted by another observer in 18% of the subjects.

Results:

Systolic measurements were larger than diastolic measurements with mean SD percent differences >5% (P < 0.001) for the AOR (7.3% ± 5.5%), STJ (10.24% ± 7.1%), and AAO (9.8% ± 7.4%). There was no clinically significant SD difference for the ANN. There was an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient between observers (0.982–0.995).

Conclusions:

Systolic measurements for the AOR, STJ, and AAO were larger than diastolic measurements. Normal reference values are utilized to design treatment for patients with abnormal aortic sizes, and the timing in the cardiovascular cycle used to decide the reference values should be equivalent to the timing used to make measurements in clinical practice. This is particularly imperative as patients transition their care from a pediatric to an adult cardiologist.
Oral health status and its association with duration of dialysis among dialysis patients in Jodhpur city
Authors: Sharma Supriya , Garla Bharath K. , Dagli Rushabh J. , Khan Mohsin , Das Mayank , Dar Ajaz
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

In the past three to four decades, improvements in dialysis and transplantation have reduced morbidity and mortality among patients with end-stage renal disease. The present study was conducted to establish the relationship of sociodemographic conditions, state of dental health, periodontal tissue, and soft tissue in patients with duration of hemodialysis.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study using a self-administrated structured questionnaire was conducted among hemodialysis patients in Jodhpur city from March 2019 to June 2019. The final sample was 133 hemodialysis patients. The questionnaire was pretested on a group of ten patients to check the feasibility of the study and to ensure the face validity of the questionnaire.

Results:

It was found that patients with more than 3 years on dialysis had a statistically significantly higher prevalence of decayed teeth. There was a strong correlation between length of time on Hemodialysis and decayed, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, periodontal indices, gingival index, bleeding on probing, and gingival recession.

Conclusion:

Awareness must be raised among dialysis patients, nephrologists, and dentists about the need for primary dental prevention.
Disordered Iron Homeostasis Among Nigerians with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Akintunde Adeseye Abiodun , Akinlade Mathias Olawale , Aworanti Oladapo Wale
Published: March 2021

Background:

Iron deficiency (ID) often coexists with heart failure and has recently become a therapeutic option in its management. Multiple markers are often required to adequately estimate iron status. This study was aimed at describing the status of iron homeostasis among heart failure patients in Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study done at two tertiary centers in Nigeria. One hundred and forty patients with a diagnosis of heart failure were recruited into the study. Full blood count, total serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and serum ferritin were measured. Anemia was defined by standardized criteria. Data analysis was done with SPSS 20.0.

Results:

The mean age of the study patients was 62.96 ± 16.34 years. Disordered iron homeostasis was common, often characterized by predominantly low total serum iron and low transferrin saturation in the presence of normal or high serum ferritin. ID was reported in 60.0% of all patients including 61.3% of anemic and 51.9% of nonanemic patients, P = not significant. High ferritin level was documented in fifty (35.7%) patients (36.8% anemic vs. 32.4% nonanemic patients, P = 0.40). Pulmonary hypertension was more frequent among anemic patients found in 45 patients (including 42.5% of anemic vs. 8.8% of nonanemic patients). ID was associated with poor functional status including ejection fraction, deranged renal function, and advanced disease.

Conclusion:

Functional ID is very common among heart failure patients in Nigeria irrespective of their anemia status. It is associated with poor functional status and may be a potential therapeutic strategy in Africans with heart failure.
Whatsapp as an E-Learning Tool of Dental Radiograph Interpretation Among Dental Undergraduates - A Pilot Study
Authors: Bagewadi Anjana
Published: March 2021

Background:

The number of smartphone users and social media has increased exponentially. The applications have been used for teaching, learning, and assessment. WhatsApp allows sharing of images with multiple users and is a great platform for discussions. Hence, it was decided to teach interpretation of intra-oral periapical radiographs (IOPA) for dental undergraduates.

Aim:

The study aimed to know the perception and acceptability for WhatsApp as an e-learning tool for learning IOPA radiograph interpretation.

Methodology:

Seventy-five third year students of Bachelor of Dental Surgery participated in the study. They were further grouped into smaller groups, containing 7-8 students in one batch. Every student made and posted five IOPAs images with interpretation in the WhatsApp group. The next day, the facilitator clarified the doubts. At the end of the posting, students answered a questionnaire with a 4-point Likert scale of 10 items. The analysis was done manually by calculating aggregate percentages of responses.

Results:

98.6% of students felt WhatsApp facilitates group discussion and provides the flexibility of time. 96% of students agreed that it encourages participation. 89% felt it helped them clear doubts.

Conclusion:

All the students participated enthusiastically. They could learn at their convenient time and without the fear of face-to-face interaction. Hence, WhatsApp can be an adjunct teaching methodology for interpretation of IOPA.
Lip Repositioning
Authors: Chaurasia Archana , Dandriyal Ramakant , Lal Vishakha , Gupta Sakshi , Sharma Himanshu
Published: March 2021

In today's era, it is said that an oral and maxillofacial surgeon with knowledge of aesthetic surgery is like two eyes on the face. Smile is recognized as a killer app for young adults, mainly in young females and people with less beautiful smile face embarrassment. Due to less harmonic smile, people suffer from mental trauma and depression. So many treatment options are advocated to overcome this problem, which included several surgical and nonsurgical methods. Here, we present a case report of a 15-year-old young girl who reported to us with a chief complaint of gummy smile. We advocated surgical lip repositioning procedure, and on 6-month follow-up, no relapse was observed.
Negative Pressure Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Uslu Asim , Karaveli Arzu
Published: March 2021

Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) develops when a patient makes a forced inspiration against a closed upper airway resulting in transudation of pulmonary capillary fluid into the interstitium. Young, healthy athletic males are more susceptible to this complication, and NPPE is most frequently encountered during oral and maxillofacial surgeries. Patients who have undergone septorhinoplasty surgery have a significant risk for NPPE, unlike other cosmetic surgeries. Herein, we describe two cases of postoperative NPPE following a septorhinoplasty. Early symptoms of NPPE are severe respiratory distress, tachypnea, agitation, and crushed strawberry-colored bloody sputum during the early postextubation period. An early diagnosis of NPPE is very important, and patient recovery is quick when an early diagnosis is made.
How Does Socioeconomic Level Change Women's Perspectives and Preferences on Aesthetic Applications?
Authors: Okumus Ayhan
Published: March 2021

The rapid developments in aesthetic medicine and the exaggerated results promised on the social media platform drive people to spend considerable budgets on such procedures to look more beautiful. Individuals often work extra jobs, take out bank loans, or borrow from friends to be able to pay for the prices that exceed what they can afford. This study is a survey designed to feel the pulse of the community on the economic aspect of aesthetic procedures. The study was carried out during March 30 to April 30, 2019, in the province of Bursa. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants selected based on the socioeconomic status and age according to the data of the Turkish Researchers' Association and the Turkish Statistical Institute. The distribution by age statistical data provided by the Turkish Statistical Institute for the province of Bursa was taken as the base in the selection of the participants. The survey was conducted with women as they undergo more aesthetic procedures and drive the cosmetic industry. Five hundred women, half of whom had undergone aesthetic intervention, were asked 15 questions to understand their viewpoint on the economic aspect of aesthetic procedures. The questions asked to all participants, i.e., those who had and had not undergone aesthetic intervention, were structured as easy-to-understand phrases without specifically guiding the participants and with clear response options such as “yes,” “no,” and “I have no idea.” The participants could also elaborate on their response using free text. The results were shown in percentile. Intra-analysis and cross-analysis were performed to interpret the results. The results of our study suggest that people tend to push the limits of their budget for aesthetic procedures. More importantly, however, the study showed that aesthetic procedures are often performed at incompetent centers. Most of those who have undergone a procedure in such places are of high education and economic levels, i.e., of high socioeconomic status (A and B) with undergraduate or postgraduate degree, which depicts a hard-to-understand and a troubling picture.
Two Stage Nasolabial Flap for Unilateral Nasal Ala and Soft Triangle Reconstruction
Authors: Aggarwal Krittika , Singh Kuldeep , Singh Bikramjit
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Nose is the most noticeable feature in the facial profile. Any deformity of nose causes social embarrassment and ridicule. Isolated nasal alar hypoplasia/cleft or traumatic loss is a rare anomaly which requires reconstruction. Congenital deficiency of soft triangle of nose and part of ala is not paid attention to in early childhood. Hence, most of these individuals present in late childhood, adolescence or adulthood. We report ten such cases and their reconstruction using two stage ipsilateral interpolated nasolabial flap.

Material and Methods:

Demographic data including age, sex, associated co-morbidities, previous surgeries or history of trauma were documented. Patients were in age group of 10-25 years. The mean size of defect was 1.5 X 1.6 cm. Inferiorly based skin flap raised from ala was turned down and used as inner lining. Conchal cartilage graft was placed for support in the first stage itself. Nasolabial flap was raised by subcutaneous dissection and insetting done to create outer cover. Second stage for pedicle detachement was done after 3 weeks.

Results:

Post operative period was uneventful in all cases. Minimal cosmetic morbidity was noted. Scar was well concealed in the nasolabial crease and colour match was also acceptable with good patient satisfaction at 6-12 months.

Conclusion:

Nasal alar hypoplasia/cleft, congenital or traumatic, is a rare entity which needs to be recognised and reconstructed. According to the size of the defect, it can be reconstructed with composite cartilage graft or local flaps. Interpolated nasolabial flap with cartilage graft is a good option with minimal scar and excellent patient satisfaction.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Middle Age and Beyond
Authors: Marshall Leisa L. , Hayslett Renée L.
Published: March 2021

Objective To review the clinical manifestations and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults and older people. Data Sources Articles indexed in PubMed, Embase, psychology databases, and the Cochrane library over the past 10 years using
the key words “post-traumatic stress disorder,” “stress disorders,” and “post-traumatic stress disorder and treatment.” Study Selection and Data Extraction Sixty-seven publications were reviewed and criteria supporting the primary objective
were used to identify useful resources. Data Synthesis The literature included practice guidelines; review articles; original research articles; and product prescribing information for the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of PTSD. Conclusion
Psychotherapy is the first-line therapy for PTSD. Pharmacologic therapy is recommended, as second-line therapy, for adults living with PTSD who do not have access to psychotherapy or refuse psychotherapy. Pharmacologic therapy may also be considered in cases of partial, or no, response
to psychotherapy. Current guidelines recommend prescribing one of 3 selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, either fluoxetine, paroxetine, or sertraline, or prescribing the serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine, for adult patients who do not have access to psychotherapy
or prefer not to use psychotherapy. Unfortunately, these recommended medications have additional cautions for use in older people so may not be appropriate for many older people living with PTSD. Therapy for older people should be tailored to patient-specific symptoms, with careful consideration
of the potential benefits and risks of the therapy and coexisting medical conditions of each patient.
Re-irradiation with Moderate Hypo-fractionation Using Intensity Modulated Photon or Proton Radiation Therapy in Locally Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Nasopharynx
Authors: Nam Heerim , Ahn Yong Chan , Yang Kyungmi , Oh Dongryul , Noh Jae Myoung
Published: March 2021

Purpose This study aimed to analyze the treatment outcomes of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients following moderate hypo-fractionation re-irradiation (re-RT).Materials and Methods Sixty locally recurrent NPC patients underwent hypo-fractionation re-RT. Forty-eight point three percentage had rT3-4, and 30.0% did keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), with or without intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT), was used in 66.7% of patients.Results With the median follow-up of 22 months (range, 2 to 254 months), 31 patients (51.7%) died, 38 (63.3%) developed further treatment failure, and 30 (50.0%) developed ≥ grade 3 toxicity (including seven grade 5) at time of analysis. The 2- and 5-year rates of overall survival, local failure-free survival, and ≥ grade 3 toxicity-free survival were 57.9% and 45.8%, 64.1% and 52.5%, and 54.8% and 44.9%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, worse factors for overall survival (OS) were iT3-4 (p=0.010) and age at re-RT ≥ 53 years (p=0.003), those for local failure-free survival (LFFS) were rT3-4 (p=0.022) and rN0-1 (p=0.035), and those for toxicity-free survival (TFS) were iT3-4 (p=0.020) and re-IMRT/IMPT (p=0.030), respectively. Cumulative dose or fraction size ≥ 3 Gy at re-RT, however, showed no significance for OS, LFFS and TFS.Conclusion Current re-RT with modern RT techniques by moderate hypo-fractionation scheme seemed feasible in treating locally recurrent NPC patients.
Table of content
Authors: EJHS EJHS
Published: March 2021

content of this issue
Parents’ Knowledge of Danger Signs and Health Seeking Behavior in Newborn and Young Infant Illness in Tiro Afeta District, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community-based Study
Authors: Berhane Melkamu , Yimam Hadiya , Jibat Nega , Zewdu Mesfin
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Neonatal mortality rates in Ethiopia are among the highest in the world. Reducing neonatal and young infant mortality highly relies on early recognition of symptoms and appropriate care-seeking behavior of parents/care givers. The main aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of danger signs and health seeking behavior of parents/care givers in newborn and young infant illness in Southwest Ethiopia.METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using cluster sampling technique to get 422 samples of parents/care givers who had infants of less than 6 month old. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to identify factors affecting care seeking behavior and knowledge of parents/care givers on newborn and young infant illness.RESULT: Care seeking behavior for newborn and young infant illness was high (83%), the major factor associated with care seeking behavior being place of delivery. Only less than half of the respondents had adequate knowledge of symptoms of illness of newborns and young infants. The major factors associated with knowledge of parents/care givers were maternal education and  paternal education.CONCLUSIONS: To improve the knowledge of parents/care giversabout newborn and young infant illness, counseling about the major symptoms of newborn and young infant illness should be intensified.KEYWORDS: Neonatal illness, care seeking behavior, new born,knowledge
Pediatric Residents’ and Medical Interns’ Awareness about Pediatric Ionizing Radiation Dose from Computed Tomography and Its Associated Risks in Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia
Authors: Teferi Seife , Zewdeneh Daniel , Bekele Solomon
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: The international literature on physicians’ knowledge regarding radiation dosages and risks due to computed tomography showed a widespread underestimation of diagnostic radiation doses. Hence, the objective of this work is to assess the awareness of pediatric residents and medical interns about pediatric CT dose and possible risks.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on May/2016 among year I to year III pediatric residents and 2015/2016 year medical interns attaching Pediatrics Department during the study period in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Referral and Teaching Hospital. Data was collected by distributing standardized structured questionnaires. Finally, after the data was checked for clarity and completeness, it was analyzed by using SPSS software.RESULT: While the majority (76.3%) of the residents and interns knew that children were more sensitive to radiation than adults, 93.7% did not know that there is currently no annual dose limit set for medical exposure of patients. The majority of the respondents (81.3%) know the risk of cancer from CT scan, but most (60%) of the respondents did not know that many imaging facilities still use adult doses for pediatric patients. Furthermore, 18.8% thought that magnetic resonance imaging involves ionizing radiation, and 8.9% of the physicians associated ultrasound examinations with ionizingradiation.CONCLUSION : Within resident group, since the level of clinical experience did not affect the outcome, we recommend that formal education and training on awareness of radiation with special concern on pediatric population is mandatory especially for pediatric residents and pediatricians who are major caretakers of children.KEYWORDS: Computed tomography, radiation exposure, awareness of radiation, pediatric CT dose, possible risks of radiation.
Building the Case for Nurses’ Continuous Professional Development in Ethiopia: A Qualitative Study of the Sick Kids-Ethiopia Paediatrics Perioperative Nursing Training Program
Authors: Abebe Leyouget , Bender Amy , Pittini Richard
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: This study describes the in-service training experience of perioperative nurses from the SickKids-Ethiopia Paediatrics Perioperative Nursing Training Program in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The study emphasizes specifically how nurses applied the knowledge and skills gained from the Paediatrics Perioperative Nursing Training program in their subsequent practice and consider the situational factors that facilitated or hindered implementing these new knowledge and skills.METHODS: The first author led qualitative in-depth interviews with nine perioperative nurses who participated in training in September 2016, and systematically developed descriptive codes and themes to analyze the data.RESULTS: The authors found that participants experienced improved knowledge, skills, confidence, and job retention related to perioperative nursing practice after participating in Paediatrics Perioperative Nursing Training. Participants also stressed key challenges including lack of access to ongoing perioperative inservice training and problematic staffing policies that impact perioperative nurses’ ability to fully utilize and share new knowledge gained during CPD training.CONCLUSION: The findings highlighted the value of specialized perioperative CPD training for Ethiopian nurses, yet also pointed to multidimensional challenges for knowledge translation and sustainability of best practices. The authors offer recommendations for individual and institutional strategies to address some of them.
Editorial message
Authors: Haileamlak Abraham
Published: March 2021

Editorial mesage
The Role of Natural Medicines on Wound Healing: A Biomechanical, Histological, Biochemical and Molecular Study
Authors: Sushma Kotian , Kumar Bhat , Sreedhara Pai , Jayakrishna Nayak , Anne Souza , Karthik Gourisheti , Divya Padma
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Traditional medicinal systems like Ayurveda and Indian folk medicine have used Honey, Ghee, Glycyrrhiza glabra, and Nerium indicum effectively for treating wounds. The known result of these medications is faster healing. However, the mechanism of actions at the tissue level, the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of healing is not well explored and documented. This present study was therefore designed to study the efficacy of these traditional medicines singly and in combinations on excision wounds in Wistar rats.METHODS: At two different intervals (i.e., day 8 and day 16), biomechanical, histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) parameters were assessed at the wound site. IHC focused on the inflammatory rate by evaluating the level of cytokine, IL1β and the tissue remodeling by studying the activity of myofibroblasts.RESULTS: Rapid epithelization, better remodeling, favorable inflammatory changes and an adequate myofibroblast activity at the wound site was observed in all the treated groups compared to control.CONCLUSION: This study is therefore useful in exploring the mechanism of action of these traditional medicines and providing valuable scientific evidence.
Level of Healthcare Providers’ Preconception Care (PCC) Practice and Factors Associated with Non-Implementation of PCC in Hawassa, Ethiopia
Authors: Kassa Andargachew , Human Sarie , Gemeda Hirut
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers (HCPs) are at the forefront of screening and identifying preconception risk factors leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). In Ethiopia, there is no published study that assessed the status of the implementation of PCC. This is a study conducted with the aim of determining the level of HCP’s PCC practice and factors associated with non-implementation of PCC.METHODS: This institution based cross-sectional study conducted among HCPs working in public health institutions (PHI) of Hawassa. The data was collected using a validated instrument called ‘Andarg-Ethio PCC-KAPQuestionnaire’. A ltistage sampling was applied to draw a sample of 634 HCPs. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20. Descriptive statistics and binary as well as multiple logistic regression analysis models were used to determine the cruds and adjusted odds ratios.RESULTS: Out of the total study participants, 84.7%(537) were found not totally practising PCC. Those HCPs who do not screen their clients’ reproductive life plan (RPL) had 7 times higher odds of not practising PCC (AOR=7.2 95% C.I. 3.6- 14.5), whereas those HCPs with poor PCC knowledge had 4 times higher odds of not practising PCC (AOR= 4.4, 95% C.I. 2.5-7.6).CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrated the absence of standardized and consistent PCC practice which indicates that PCC is not well introduced to the area. Developing of PCC policy and guidelines plus training of HCPs are recommended.
Magnitude of Intestinal Parasitosis and Associated Factors in Rural School Children, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Alemu Megbaru , Anley Abay , Tedla Kiros
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Intestinal parasitoses are among the most commonly encountered infections among school children in poor regions of the world. Up to 600 million school children are living in areas where there is high transmission of parasitic worms. Intestinal parasitic infection has been found to have a great effect on nutritional and cognitive status, school absenteeism and dropouts among school age children. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of intestinal parasites infections and associated factors among children in a rural primary school, Northwest Ethiopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2016 among Gob Gob Primary School children. The study participants were provided with labeled stool cups to give stool specimen. The stool samples were processed via direct wet mount and formal-ether concentration techniques. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and data on factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection through face-to-face interview.RESULTS: Out of the 273 school children, 84(30.8%) were infected with at least one parasite species. Higher proportion of intestinal parasitic infection was recorded for boys (38.9%), the age group 6-10 years (38.9%), children with untrimmed finger nails (36.4%) and among those whose drinking water was from a stream (56.1%). The predominant species identified were A. lumburicoides 28(33.3%), H. nana 12(14%), E. histolytica/dispar 11(13%), G. lamblia 9(11%), hookworms 7(8.3%), Taenia spp 6(7%), E. vermicularis 6(7%), T.trichuria 4(4.8%) and S. stericoralis 1(1.2%).CONCLUSION: This study showed that intestinal parasites were prevalent among the school children in focus. Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant species.
Influence of Post-Stroke Depression on Functional Independence in Activities of Daily Living
Authors: Ezema Charles I , Akusoba Petronella C , Nweke Martins C , Uchewoke Chigozie U , Agono Joshua , Usoro Godspower
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Little attention has been paid to screening of depression among stroke survivors in outpatient physiotherapy clinics. Post-stroke depression is reported to have a negative impact on functional recovery. However, the exact influence on the outcome of rehabilitation such as level of functional independence remains controversial. This study aims at ascertaining the influence of post-stroke depression on functional independence in activities of daily living.METHODS: The study is a cross sectional survey of stroke survivors attending outpatient physiotherapy clinics of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu, and the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH). Participants were evaluated for socio demographic characteristics. Post-stroke depression and level of functional recovery in Activities of Daily Living were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Barthel Index respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23, with α set at 0.01.RESULTS: A total of 66 participants, 42 females and 24 males, were purposively recruited into the study. Over 80% (56) of the participant had depression, with over 50% (32) being severely depressed. Post-stroke depression was associated with less functional independence in activities of daily living (p=0.000). A significant difference was found in the level of functional independence between participants with and without depression (p=0.00).CONCLUSION: Participants with post-stroke depression have less independence in activities of daily living. A longitudinal study with a larger sample size is, however, recommended so as to improve the external validity. In the mean time, outpatient rehabilitation of depressed stroke survivors should include pharmacological and psychological components.
The Value of Ultrasound in Characterizing and Determining the Etiology of Ascites
Authors: Getnet Wondim , Kebede Tesfaye , Atinafu Asfaw , Sultan Amir
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the role of transabdominal ultrasonography in characterizing and determining the etiology of ascites in comparison with laboratory ascitic fluid analysis and other methods used to establish the final diagnosis.METHODS: A prospective descriptive study was conducted on 61 patients with ascites attending outpatient department (OPD) or admitted to wards of Tikur Anbesa Specialized Hospital (TASH) and referred to radiology department for imaging from June 2017 to November 2017. Data were collected following the internationally recommended scanning technique in consecutive bases. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The comparison of ultrasound and laboratory findings with final clinical diagnosis was analyzed using Chi-square test (X2).RESULTS: Of 61 patients with ascites enrolled in this study, females were 35(57.4%) with age range of 16 to 75 and mean age of 43.2±14.11. The cause of ascites was established in 59 cases using a combination of clinical, pathological, imaging evidences and tumor markers. However there were two cases who had ascites with indeterminate cause. US suggested the diagnosis in 54(91.5%) patients. Excluding mixed and indeterminate cases, ultrasound characterized ascites correctly as exudate and transudate in 95% cases.CONCLUSION: Ultrasound has significant accuracy to distinguish transudate and exudate ascites and in suggesting the underlying cause. It can be a valuable method of investigation of ascites in places where CT and MRI are not available, and it is the best complement for laboratory investigations on ascites in suggesting the etiology based on ascitic fluid texture and ancillary findings.