bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-Parameter Compensation Method for Accurate In Situ Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter Monitoring and Properties Characterization
Authors: De Oliveira Guilherme F. , Bertone Edoardo , Stewart Rodney A. , Awad John , Holland Aleicia , O’Halloran Kelvin , Bird Steve
Published: August 2018

The recent deployment of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM) probes in dam catchments and drinking water treatment plants (DWTP) for water quality monitoring purposes has resulted in the production of a large amount of data that requires scientific evaluation. This study introduces a comprehensive, transferable methodological framework for scientists and water professionals to model fluorescence site-specific quenching on fDOM probe readings caused by temperature, suspended particles, and the inner filter effect (IFE) and applies it to an Australian subtropical reservoir. The findings revealed that quenching due to turbidity and IFE effects were best predicted by threshold autoregressive models. Raw fDOM probe measurements were validated as being more reliable if they were systematically compensated using the proposed procedure. The developed fDOM compensation procedure must consider the instrument features (i.e., wavelength broadband and responsiveness) and site-specific conditions (i.e., DOM characteristics and suspended particles). A finding of particular interest was that the compensated normalized fDOM readings had a high correlation with the low (<500 Da) molecular weight fraction of the DOM, which is more recalcitrant to removal by coagulation. As a consequence, there is potential to use compensated fDOM probe readings to provide real-time, in situ information on DOM properties in freshwater systems, which will enable water treatment plant operators to optimize the coagulation process.
Binary Pulsar Distances and Velocities from Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Jennings Ross J. , Kaplan David L. , Chatterjee Shami , Cordes James M. , Deller Adam T.
Published: August 2018

The second data release from the Gaia mission (Gaia DR2) includes, among its billion entries, astrometric parameters for binary companions to a number of known pulsars, including white dwarf companions to millisecond pulsars (MSPs) and the non-degenerate components of so-called “black widow” and “redback” systems. We find 22 such counterparts in DR2, of which 12 have statistically significant measurements of parallax. These DR2 optical proper motions and parallaxes provide new measurements of the distances and transverse velocities of the associated pulsars. For the most part, the results agree with existing radio interferometric and pulsar timing-based astrometry, as well as other distance estimates based on photometry or associations, and for some pulsars they provide the best known distance and velocity estimates. In particular, two of these pulsars have no previous distance measurement: PSR J1227−4853, for which Gaia measures a parallax of 0.62 ± 0.16 mas, and PSR J1431−4715, with a Gaia parallax of 0.64 ± 0.16 mas. Using the Gaia distance measurements, we find that dispersion-measure-based distance estimates calculated using the Cordes & Lazio and Yao et al. Galactic electron density models are on average slightly underestimated, which may be a selection effect due to the over-representation of pulsars at high Galactic latitudes in the present Gaia sample. While the Gaia DR2 results do not quite match the precision that can be achieved by dedicated pulsar timing or radio interferometry, taken together they constitute a small but important improvement to the pulsar distance scale, and the subset of MSPs with distances measured by Gaia may help improve the sensitivity of pulsar timing arrays to nanohertz gravitational waves.
X-Ray Census of Millisecond Pulsars in the Galactic Field
Authors: Lee Jongsu , Hui C. Y. , Takata J. , Kong A. K. H. , Tam P. H. T. , Cheng K. S.
Published: August 2018

We have conducted a systematic survey for the X-ray properties of millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Currently, there are 47 MSPs with confirmed X-ray detections. We have also placed the upper limits for the X-ray emission from the other 36 MSPs by using the archival data. We have normalized their X-ray luminosities L

x
and their effective photon indices Γ into a homogeneous data set, which enables us to carry out a detailed statistical analysis. Based on our censored sample, we report a relation of

L

x

≃

10

31.05

(

E

˙

/

10

35

)

1.31

erg s−1 (2–10 keV) for the MSPs. The inferred X-ray conversion efficiency is found to be lower than the previously reported estimate that could be affected by selection bias. L

x
also correlates/anti-correlates with the magnetic field strength at the light cylinder B
LC/characteristic age τ. On the other hand, there is no correlation between L

x
and their surface magnetic field strength B

s
. We have further divided the sample into four classes: (i) black-widows, (ii) redbacks, (iii) isolated MSPs, and (iv) other MSP binaries, and compare the properties among them. We noted that while the rotational parameters and the orbital periods of redbacks and black-widows are similar, L

x
of redbacks are significantly higher than those of black-widows in the 2–10 keV band. Also the Γ of redbacks are apparently smaller than those of black-widows, which indicates that the X-ray emission of redbacks are harder than that of black-widows. This can be explained by the different contribution of intrabinary shocks in the X-ray emission of these two classes.
A Simultaneous Search for Prompt Radio Emission Associated with the Short GRB 170112A Using the All-sky Imaging Capability of the OVRO-LWA
Authors: Anderson Marin M. , Hallinan Gregg , Eastwood Michael W. , Monroe Ryan M. , Vedantham Harish K. , Bourke Stephen , Greenhill Lincoln J. , Kocz Jonathon , W. Lazio T. Joseph , Price Danny C. , Schinzel Frank K. , Wang Yuankun , Woody David P.
Published: August 2018

We have conducted the most sensitive low-frequency (below 100 MHz) search to date for prompt, low-frequency radio emission associated with short-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Long Wavelength Array (OVRO-LWA). The OVRO-LWA’s nearly full-hemisphere field of view (∼20,000 square degrees) allows us to search for low-frequency (sub-100 MHz) counterparts for a large sample of the subset of GRB events for which prompt radio emission has been predicted. Following the detection of short GRB 170112A by Swift, we used all-sky OVRO-LWA images spanning one hour prior to and two hours following the GRB event to search for a transient source coincident with the position of GRB 170112A. We detect no transient source to within a 3σ flux density limit of 4.5 Jy at 13 s timescales for frequencies spanning 27–84 MHz. We place constraints on a number of models predicting prompt, low-frequency radio emission accompanying short GRBs and their potential binary neutron star merger progenitors, and place an upper limit of L
radio/ L

γ
 ≲ 3.5 × 10−6 on the fraction of energy released in the prompt radio emission, under the assumptions of negligible scattering of the radio pulse and beaming of emission along the line of sight. These observations serve as a pilot effort for a program targeting a wider sample of both short and long GRBs with the OVRO-LWA, including bursts with confirmed redshift measurements that are critical to placing constraining limits on prompt radio emission models, as well as a program for the follow-up of gravitational wave compact binary coalescence events detected by advanced LIGO and Virgo.
Quiet-Sun and Coronal Hole in Mg II k Line as Observed by IRIS
Authors: Kayshap Pradeep , Tripathi Durgesh , Solanki Sami K. , Peter Hardi
Published: August 2018

Coronal hole (CH) regions are dark in comparison to the quiet Sun (QS) at coronal temperatures. However, at chromospheric and transition region temperatures, the QS and CHs are hardly distinguishable. In this study, we have used the Mg ii 2796.35 Å spectral line recorded by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrometer (IRIS) to understand the similarities and differences in the QS and CH at chromospheric levels. Our analysis reveals that the emission from Mg ii k3 and k2v that originates in the chromosphere is significantly lower in CH than in QS for the regions with similar magnetic field strength. The wing emissions of Mg ii k that originates from the photospheric layer, however, do not show any difference between QS and CH. The difference in Mg ii k3 intensities between QS and CH increases with increasing magnetic field strength. We further studied the effects of spectral resolution on these differences and found that the difference in the intensities decreases with decreasing spectral resolution. For a resolution of 11 Å, the difference completely disappears. These findings are not only important for mass and energy supply from the chromosphere to the corona but also provides essential ingredients for the modeling of the solar spectral irradiance for the understanding of the Sun–climate relationships.
Nonthermal Emission from Stellar Bow Shocks
Authors: del Valle M. V. , Pohl M.
Published: August 2018

Since the detection of nonthermal radio emission from the bow shock of the massive runaway star BD +43°3654, simple models have predicted high-energy emission, at X-rays and gamma-rays, from these Galactic sources. Observational searches for this emission so far give no conclusive evidence but a few candidates at gamma-rays. In this work we aim at developing a more sophisticated model for the nonthermal emission from massive runaway star bow shocks. The main goal is to establish whether these systems are efficient nonthermal emitters, even if they are not strong enough yet to be detected. For modeling the collision between the stellar wind and the interstellar medium we use 2D hydrodynamic simulations. We then adopt the flow profile of the wind and the ambient medium obtained with the simulation as the plasma state for solving the transport of energetic particles injected in the system, as well as the nonthermal emission they produce. For this purpose we solve a 3D (two spatial + energy) advection-diffusion equation in the test-particle approximation. We find that a massive runaway star with a powerful wind converts 0.16%–0.4% of the power injected in electrons into nonthermal emission, mostly produced by inverse Compton scattering of dust-emitted photons by relativistic electrons, and second by synchrotron radiation. This represents a fraction of ∼10−5 to 10−4 of the wind kinetic power. Given the better sensibility of current instruments at radio wavelengths, these systems are more prone to be detected at radio through the synchrotron emission they produce rather than at gamma energies.
A Search for Pulsars in Steep Spectrum Radio Sources
Authors: Maan Yogesh , Bassa Cees , van Leeuwen Joeri , Krishnakumar M. A. , Joshi Bhal Chandra
Published: August 2018

We report on a time-domain search for pulsars in 44 steep spectrum radio sources originally identified from recent imaging surveys. The time-domain search was conducted at 327 MHz using the Ooty radio telescope, and utilized a semicoherent dedispersion scheme, retaining the sensitivity even for submillisecond periods up to reasonably high dispersion measures. No new pulsars were found. We discuss the nature of these steep spectrum sources and argue that the majority of the sources in our sample should either be pulsars or a new category of galactic sources. Several possibilities that could hinder detection of these sources as pulsars, including anomalously high scattering or alignment of the rotation and magnetic axes, are discussed in detail, and we suggest unconventional search methods to further probe these possibilities.
A Dense Companion to the Short-period Millisecond Pulsar Binary PSR J0636+5128
Authors: Kaplan D. L. , Stovall K. , Kerkwijk M. H. van , Fremling C. , Istrate A. G.
Published: August 2018

PSR J0636+5128 is a millisecond pulsar in one of the most compact pulsar binaries known, with a 96 minute orbital period. The pulsar mass function suggests a very low mass companion, similar to that seen in so-called “black widow” binaries. Unlike in most of those, however, no radio eclipses by material driven off from the companion were seen leading to the possibility that the companion was a degenerate remnant of a carbon–oxygen white dwarf. We report the discovery of the optical counterpart of its companion in images taken with the Gemini North and Keck I telescopes. The companion varies between r′ = 25 and r′ = 23 on the 96 minute orbital period of the binary, caused by irradiation from the pulsar’s energetic wind. We modeled the multicolor light curve using parallax constraints from pulsar timing and determine a companion mass of (1.71 ± 0.23) × 10−2
M
⊙, a radius of (7.6 ± 1.4) × 10−2
R
⊙, and a mean density of

, all for an assumed neutron star mass of 1.4 M
⊙. This makes the companion to PSR J0636+5128 one of the densest of the “black widow” systems. Modeling suggests that the composition is not predominantly hydrogen, perhaps due to an origin in an ultracompact X-ray binary.
On the 2018 Outburst of the Accreting Millisecond X-Ray Pulsar Swift J1756.9–2508 As Seen with NICER
Authors: Bult Peter , Altamirano Diego , Arzoumanian Zaven , Chakrabarty Deepto , Gendreau Keith C. , Guillot Sebastien , Ho Wynn C. G. , Jaisawal Gaurava K. , Lentine Steven , Markwardt Craig B. , Ngo Son N. , Pope John S. , Ray Paul. S. , Saylor Maxine R. , Strohmayer Tod E.
Published: August 2018

We report on the coherent timing analysis of the 182 Hz accreting millisecond X-ray pulsar Swift J1756.9−2508 during its 2018 outburst as observed with the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER). Combining our NICER observations with Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer observations of the 2007 and 2009 outbursts, we also studied the long-term spin and orbital evolution of this source. We find that the binary system is well described by a constant orbital period model, with an upper limit on the orbital period derivative of

∣

P

˙

b

∣
<
7.4
×

10

−
13

s s−1. Additionally, we improve upon the source coordinates through astrometric analysis of the pulse arrival times, finding R.A. = 17h56m57.ˢ18 ± 0.ˢ08 and decl. = −25°06′27.″8 ± 3.″5, while simultaneously measuring the long-term spin frequency derivative as

ν

˙

=
−
7.3
×

10

−
16

Hz s−1. We briefly discuss the implications of these measurements in the context of the wider population of accreting millisecond pulsars.
Predicting Stellar-mass Black Hole Populations in Globular Clusters
Authors: Weatherford Newlin C. , Chatterjee Sourav , Rodriguez Carl L. , Rasio Frederic A.
Published: August 2018

Recent discoveries of black hole (BH) candidates in Galactic and extragalactic globular clusters (GCs) have ignited interest in understanding how BHs dynamically evolve in a GC and the number of BHs (

N

BH

) that may still be retained by today’s GCs. Numerical models show that even if stellar-mass BHs are retained in today’s GCs, they are typically in configurations that are not directly detectable. We show that a suitably defined measure of mass segregation (Δ) between, e.g., giants and low-mass main-sequence stars, can be an effective probe to indirectly estimate

N

BH

in a GC aided by calibrations from numerical models. Using numerical models, including all relevant physics, we first show that

N

BH

is strongly anticorrelated with Δ between giant stars and low-mass main-sequence stars. We apply the distributions of Δ versus

N

BH

obtained from models to three Milky Way GCs to predict the

N

BH

retained by them at present. We calculate Δ using the publicly available Advanced Camera for Surveys’ survey data for 47 Tuc, M10, and M22, all with identified stellar-mass BH candidates. Using these measured Δ and distributions of Δ versus

N

BH

from models as calibration we predict distributions for

N

BH

expected to be retained in these GCs. For 47 Tuc, M10, and M22 our predicted distributions peak at

N

BH

 ≈ 20, 24, and 50, whereas, within the 2σ confidence level,

N

BH

can be up to ∼150, 50, and 200, respectively.
Relationship Between Nursing Professional Development and the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Primary Accreditation Framework
Authors: Harper Mary G. , Maloney Patsy
Published: August 2018

This article is the final one in the series addressing how nursing professional development practitioners operationalize the education design process criteria as delineated in the
American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) Primary Accreditation Provider Application Manual
to ensure high-quality continuing education activities. Specifically, this article explores the relationship between the ANCC primary accreditation framework's educational design process criteria and the
Nursing Professional Development: Scope and Standards of Practice
.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(9):390–393.
Development and Psychometric Testing of the Workplace Civility Index: A Reliable Tool for Measuring Civility in the Workplace
Authors: Clark Cynthia M. , Sattler Victoria P. , Barbosa-Leiker Celestina
Published: August 2018

Background:

Fostering civility in practice and academic health care settings is a desirable goal for individuals, teams, and organizations and is paramount to safe patient care.

Method:

A convenience sample of 393 nursing faculty and practice-based nurses in the United States participated in a study to test the psychometric properties of the Workplace Civility Index (WCI).

Results:

A factor analysis and other reliability analyses support the use of the WCI as a valid and reliable measurement to measure perceptions of workplace civility acumen.

Conclusion:

The WCI is a 20-item psychometrically sound instrument used to measure perceptions of workplace civility among individuals and groups within work environments. The index may be completed as an individual exercise; however, it is highly recommended that the index be completed with a trusted coworker, colleague, or work group to improve self-awareness, give and receive constructive feedback, and form the basis for continuing strengths and addressing areas for improvement.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(9):400–406.
Operating Room Nurses' Perceptions of the Clinical Learning Environment: A Survey Study
Authors: Crafoord Marie-Therese , Mattsson Janet , Fagerdahl Ann-Mari
Published: August 2018

Background:

Authors commonly agree that the clinical learning environment significantly affects student learning. Studies of how operating room nurses perceive the clinical learning environment during their specialist studies are sparse.

Method:

This study aimed to examine newly graduated operating room nurses' perceptions of the clinical learning environment during their specialist education. Fifty newly graduated operating room nurses answered a questionnaire gaging their perceptions of clinical education.

Results:

Most participants perceived the clinical learning environment as good and highly associated with the supervisor's ability to supervise, enjoy supervision, and show interest in the participants' degree project. The management at the clinical setting, which was perceived to emphasize the importance of supervision, time allocated especially for supervision, and perceived cooperation between the University and hospital, also had an impact.

Conclusion:

Social interactions and structures within the operating room affect how the clinical learning environment is perceived.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(9):416–423.
Learning Cybercivility: A Qualitative Needs Assessment of Health Professions Students
Authors: De Gagne Jennie C. , Covington Kyle , Conklin Jamie L. , Yamane Sandra S. , Kim Sang Suk
Published: August 2018

Background:

Literature on cyberincivility in health professions education has mainly focused on intraprofessional communication. This study explored health professions students' experiences with cyberincivility, as well as their perspectives on interprofessional cybercivility learning.

Method:

This qualitative study used semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of 25 students in nursing, medicine, physician assistant, or physical therapy programs at a private university in the United States. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurrent patterns in the data.

Results:

Students defined cyberincivility in various ways and shared experiences of uncivil communication in virtual communities. They also expressed great interest in learning cybercivility in the context of interprofessional education. Diverse learning preferences were suggested.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the importance and benefits of establishing interprofessional cybercivility learning programs to improve student interactions in the virtual environment. Future research should explore professional differences and similarities in how learners experience cyberincivility and its influence on their roles as future health care providers.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(9):425–431.
Evaluating the Usability and Acceptability of Communication Tools Among Older Adults
Authors: Nilsen Marci Lee , Morrison Allison , Lingler Jennifer H. , Myers Brad , Johnson Jonas T. , Happ Mary Beth , Sereika Susan M. , DeVito Dabbs Annette
Published: August 2018

Acutely ill patients may have trouble communicating their symptoms and needs verbally. The current study evaluated the usability and acceptability of six commercially available communication tools with older adults in a non-clinical, controlled setting. Participants evaluated various communication boards and communication applications (apps) by using the tools to communicate needs and symptoms in various scenarios. Participants completed a modified technology acceptance questionnaire and selected the tool they perceived as most useful and easy to use. Bivariate analysis was used to compare communication boards and apps. Performance on most tasks was significantly better using communication boards compared to communication apps. However, participants reported that given more time and training, the apps could be used effectively. A feasibility study is needed to determine whether acutely ill older adults can use these communication tools to successfully convey their symptoms and needs in a hospital setting [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 44
(9), 30–39.]
Developing Minority Nursing Students: Evaluation of an Innovative Mentorship and Leadership Program
Authors: Snowden Kenya , Foronda Cynthia , Gonzalez Juan , Ortega Johis , Salani Deborah , de Tantillo Lila , Hooshmand Mary , Peragallo Montano Nena
Published: August 2018

Background:

There is disparity in the nursing work-force of minority leaders. The aim of this article is to describe and evaluate an innovative program designed to provide mentorship and increase leadership skills of minority nursing students.

Method:

An innovative mentorship program was developed including coordination of financial aid meetings, incorporating technology, enacting an online preimmersion course, choosing and training mentors, hosting a lunch-and-lead leadership series, and using intensive review sessions and tutoring. Program evaluation data were analyzed using mixed methods.

Results:

All 40 participants passed the NCLEX-RN and had obtained employment after the program. Of the 20 respondents, 25% already had obtained a leadership role in nursing. Qualitative data about the program revealed categories of leadership, networking, mentorship, more time, and gratitude.

Conclusion:

This program was successful in promoting retention, graduation, and development of future minority nurse leaders. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(9):526–534.]
Exploring Predictors of NCLEX-RN Success: One School's Search for Excellence
Authors: Havrilla Emily , Zbegner Deborah , Victor Joyce
Published: August 2018

Background:

The NCLEX-RN pass rate serves as a key indicator of the achievement of a nursing program's academic goals and may be a vital component of state board approval and the accreditation process. To improve on the program's pass rates, a comprehensive mentorship program was instituted. The The Passan School of Nursing at Wilkes University used gaming strategies, content reviews, computerized integrative testing, and learning packages to assist students preparing for the licensure examination.

Method:

A retrospective regression analysis was performed to examine predictors of NCLEX-RN success.

Results:

Pass rates improved each year from a baseline of 79.17% in 2014 to 83.82% in 2015 and 90.14% in 2016. Logistic regression analysis revealed that overall college grade point average (
p
= .001) and a comprehensive examination in the NCLEX-RN format (
p
= .001) were significant predictors of NCLEX-RN success.

Conclusion:

The comprehensive mentoring program has been successful in raising the overall NCLEX-RN pass rate. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(9):554–556.]
Approaches to improve the growth of the starter lactic acid bacterium OM13 during the early stages of green Spanish-style table olive production
Authors: Alfonzo A. , Martorana A. , Settanni L. , Matraxia M. , Corona O. , Vagnoli P. , Caruso T. , Moschetti G. , Francesca N.
Published: August 2018

The present research aimed at determining the optimal conditions for the lactic acid fermentation of green Spanish-style table olives. The work is a follow-up, and focuses on the performance of the commercial starter strain Lactobacillus pentosus OM13 by applying an acclimatization step and the addition of nutrients, and concentrations of lactic acid that were previously investigated. The acclimatization of the cells warranted the dominance of the starter culture even at an inoculation level of 2 Log cycles lower than that commonly used in standard fermentation. A significant effect was found in terms of acidification kinetics within the first week of fermentation, with the highest decrease in pH, at ~2.5 units, which occurred in the trial and after inoculation with 106 CFU/mL of starter after acclimatation (EO3) that showed values similar to control C obtained with Lactobacillus pentosus OM13 at a concentration of 107 CFU/mL. After day 3, further decreases in pH of up to 4.30 were observed until day 30, and then these values remained almost constant until the end of process (day 190) when lower pH values were reached for trial EO3 and control C. The results of microbiological dynamics, the changes in VOCs and finally the effect of the processes on the sensory analysis of the fermented product were investigated by multivariate analysis. The acclimatization process and the initial inoculation level influenced the bacterial microflora, aromatic compounds and organoleptic characteristics of the final product. Finally, the trials C, EO2 and EO3 showed higher values (60-80%) of preferences and satisfaction compared to other experimental productions.
Lipophilic components and evaluation of the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of Impatiens glandulifera Royle and Impatiens noli – tangere L. (Balsaminaceae)
Authors: Szewczyk K. , Bonikowski R. , Maciąg-Krajewska A. , Abramek J. , Bogucka-Kocka A.
Published: August 2018

The chemical composition of the lipophilic fractions of Impatiens glandulifera Royle and I. noli-tangere L. were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)., The study focused on the fatty acids, triterpenoids and sterols in the leaves, roots and seeds. Most of the identified compounds are new for these species. a-linolenic, oleic and palmitic acids were the most abundant in the fatty acid fractions, β-amyrin and 5a-lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol in the triterpenoid fractions, and β-sitosterol, spinasterol and chondrillasterol in the sterol fractions. The fatty acid and triterpenoid fractions showed strong antioxidant activity, similar to positive controls. Moreover, the triterpenoid fraction from I. noli-tangere seeds significantly inhibited HL-60 human leukemia cells. Other fractions showed moderate cytotoxicity. The present study suggests that I. glandulifera and I. noli-tangere are good source of omega-3 fatty acids, and they might be considered as antioxidant and chemopreventive agents.
A novel antioxidant: 6,6'-(butane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol)
Authors: Olajide T. M. , Pasdar H. , Weng X. C.
Published: August 2018

A novel compound, 6,6'-(butane-1,1-diyl)bis(4-methylbenzene-1,2-diol) (BMB), was synthesized through an acid-catalyzed condensation reaction between 4-methylcatechol (HPC) and butyraldehyde. When evaluated by the Rancimat and deep frying methods, BMB exhibited a stronger antioxidant activity than TBHQ. Its DPPH radical scavenging activity was also fairly higher than TBHQ, but lower compared to its mother phenol, HPC, due to its relative ease of binding DPPH•. BMB had the strongest scavenging ability of the 4-methylcatechol analogues reported to date. It could be used effectively to retard lipid peroxidation in both moderate and high temperature food preparations.
L’expérience corsaire : entre opportunités et illusions
Authors: Bossebœuf Lucas
Published: August 2018

L’ouverture de la guerre de Succession d’Autriche
au front maritime (1744) a conduit de nombreux armateurs et gens de
mer basques à se convertir à la course dans l’espoir de trouver
emploi, gloire et fortune. À partir du moment où ils s’aventurent dans
ces croisières, les acteurs de ce fait social sont inévitablement
confrontés à une « loterie corsaire » (André Lespagnol) qui leur
impose des mutations d’ordre professionnel, financier ou encore
physique. L’étude des carrières de trois équipages corsaires basques,
analysées en amont et en aval de leurs croisières, témoigne d’une
activité synonyme d’ascensions et accélérations professionnelles
durant la guerre. Mais le retour à la paix (1748) rebat les cartes et
laisse entrevoir que les avantages acquis en temps de guerre sont
souvent temporaires et illusoires.
Une tradition militaire au xixe siècle : le culte de La Tour d’Auvergne (1800-1915)
Authors: Le Bloas Alain
Published: August 2018

Cet article se propose de réfléchir à la notion de
tradition militaire à travers un cas concret : le culte dont faisait
l’objet La Tour d’Auvergne dans son régiment, dans l’armée et dans le
monde civil. Ce culte s’appuyait sur des rites à objectif transmissif
et sur une matérialité qui conféraient à la tradition un caractère
sacré. Née spontanément, presque dissidente, la tradition fut assez
rapidement désactivée par Napoléon, puis éteinte sous les Bourbons.
Mais elle trouva refuge dans le monde civil qui la fit vivre et
évoluer. Remise à l’honneur par l’armée sous la Troisième République
dans le contexte de la réforme militaire et du réarmement moral, elle
connut son apogée dans les années précédant la guerre. Mais lorsque
survint celle-ci, la tradition s’avéra, semble-t-il, peu efficace. Une
tradition militaire, cela sert en effet plus à préparer la guerre qu’à
la faire.
Le miroir des notables ?
Authors: Hamon Anthony
Published: August 2018

Face à la chute du prix des céréales et au
mécontentement paysan qui en résulte, Napoléon III décide, le 22
janvier 1866, d’organiser une vaste enquête agricole afin de
satisfaire l’opinion publique. Nous avons décidé d’étudier le
déroulement de cette enquête au sein de la Bretagne dite historique,
divisée pour l’occasion en deux circonscriptions. Pour mener à bien
cette entreprise, les préfets ont formé des commissions
départementales constituées de notables locaux, dirigées soit par des
hauts fonctionnaires, soit par de grands notables fidèles au régime
impérial. Néanmoins, si cette organisation administrative s’applique
uniformément à toute la France, le cas breton présente deux caractères
bien spécifiques. Tout d’abord il existe depuis plusieurs décennies en
Bretagne un intense réseau d’associations agricoles, créées et
dirigées par les notables ruraux. Ces structures, très bien implantées
à l’échelle cantonale, comprennent parfois plusieurs centaines
d’adhérents. D’autre part les notables bretons exercent une autorité
non négligeable sur les masses paysannes. L’État ne peut pas se passer
de leur service : ils sont donc, en raison de leurs connaissances
agricoles, les intermédiaires indispensables pour la réussite de
l’enquête. Il s’agit pour le coup d’en analyser les résultats en
Bretagne afin d’appréhender les effets de la coopération entre les
notables et l’administration.
miR-143 Regulates Memory T Cell Differentiation by Reprogramming T Cell Metabolism
Authors: Zhang Tengfei , Zhang Zhen , Li Feng , Ping Yu , Qin Guohui , Zhang Chaoqi , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2018

MicroRNAs are an important regulator for T cell immune response. In this study, we aimed to identify microRNAs with the potential to regulate T cell differentiation. The influence of miR-143 on differentiation and function of CD8+ T cells from healthy donors were detected, and it was found that miR-143 overexpression could significantly increase the differentiation of central memory T (Tcm) CD8+ cells, decrease cell apoptosis, and increase proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Furthermore, the specific killing of HER2-CAR T cells against esophageal cancer cell line TE-7 was enhanced by miR-143 overexpression. Glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1) was identified as the critical target gene of miR-143 in the role of T cell regulation. By inhibition Glut-1, miR-143 inhibited glucose uptake and glycolysis in T cell to regulated T cell differentiation. Tcm cell populations were also suppressed in parallel with the downregulation of miR-143 in tumor tissues from 13 patients with esophagus cancer. IDO and its metabolite kynurenine in the tumor microenvironment were screened as an upstream regulator of miR-143. IDO small interfering RNA significantly increased the expression of miR-143 and Tcm cell population. In conclusion, our results show that miR-143 enhanced antitumor effects of T cell by promoting memory T cell differentiation and metabolism reprogramming through Glut-1. Our findings will encourage the development of new strategies targeting miR-143 in both cancer cells and T cells.
Characterization of an NLRP1 Inflammasome from Zebrafish Reveals a Unique Sequential Activation Mechanism Underlying Inflammatory Caspases in Ancient Vertebrates
Authors: Li Jiang-yuan , Gao Ke , Shao Tong , Fan Dong-dong , Hu Chong-bin , Sun Cen-cen , Dong Wei-ren , Lin Ai-fu , Xiang Li-xin , Shao Jian-zhong
Published: August 2018

NLRP1 inflammasome is one of the best-characterized inflammasomes in humans and other mammals. However, the existence of this inflammasome in nonmammalian species remains poorly understood. In this study, we report the molecular and functional identification of an NLRP1 homolog, Danio rerio NLRP1 (DrNLRP1) from a zebrafish (D. rerio) model. This DrNLRP1 possesses similar structural architecture to mammalian NLRP1s. It can trigger the formation of a classical inflammasome for the activation of zebrafish inflammatory caspases (D. rerio Caspase [DrCaspase]–A and DrCaspase-B) and maturation of D. rerio IL-1β in a D. rerio ASC (DrASC)–dependent manner. In this process, DrNLRP1 promotes the aggregation of DrASC into a filament with DrASCCARD core and DrASCPYD cluster. The assembly of DrNLRP1 inflammasome depends on the CARD–CARD homotypic interaction between DrNLRP1 and DrASCCARD core, and PYD–PYD interaction between DrCaspase-A/B and DrASCPYD cluster. The FIIND domain in DrNLRP1 is necessary for inflammasome assembly. To understand the mechanism of how the two DrCaspases are coordinated in DrNLRP1 inflammasome, we propose a two-step sequential activation model. In this model, the recruitment and activation of DrCaspase-A/B in the inflammasome is shown in an alternate manner, with a preference for DrCaspase-A followed by a subsequent selection for DrCaspase-B. By using morpholino oligonucleotide–based knockdown assays, the DrNLRP1 inflammasome was verified to play important functional roles in antibacterial innate immunity in vivo. These observations demonstrate that the NLRP1 inflammasome originated as early as in teleost fish. This finding not only gives insights into the evolutionary history of inflammasomes but also provides a favorable animal model for the study of NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated immunology and diseases.
Comparison of CD9 & CD146 markers in endometrial stromal cells of fertile & infertile females
Authors: Chaudhari-Kank Manisha Sudhir , Zaveri Kusum , Antia Vistasp , Hinduja Indira
Published: August 2018

Background & objectives:

CD9 and CD146 are important adhesion molecules that play a role in the implantation of an embryo. This study was undertaken to correlate the expression of these markers in fertile and infertile women's endometrial stromal cells.

Methods:

Human endometrial stromal cell culture from endometrial biopsies of fertile (n=50) and infertile females (n=50) was performed and primary cell lines were established. Expression of CD9 and CD146 was studied for all the 100 cell lines with the help of flow cytometry. Gene expression of CD9 and CD146 was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

There was a significant difference in endometrial stromal cells of fertile and infertile females. Flow cytometric results revealed significantly lower expression of CD9 (P=0.0126) and CD146 (P=0.0006) in the infertile endometrial stromal cells as compared to fertile endometrial stromal cells. These results were comparable with real-time data.

Interpretation & conclusions:

This study showed that endometrial stromal cells from infertile females had lower expression of adhesion molecules, CD9 and CD146. Our findings suggest that CD9 and CD146 may have a role in infertility. Infertile female's endometrial stromal cells have decreased expression of CD9 and CD146 which can be the cause of infertility related to implantation failure.
Environmental surveillance of Legionella pneumophila in distal water supplies of a hospital for early identification & prevention of hospital-acquired legionellosis
Authors: Jinna Shihail , Gaikwad Ujjwala Nitin
Published: August 2018

Background & objectives:

Legionella pneumophila, a ubiquitous aquatic organism is found to be associated with the development of the community as well as hospital-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosing Legionella infection is difficult unless supplemented with, diagnostic laboratory testing and established evidence for its presence in the hospital environment. Hence, the present study was undertaken to screen the hospital water supplies for the presence of L. pneumophila to show its presence in the hospital environment further facilitating early diagnosis and prevention of hospital-acquired legionellosis.

Methods:

Water samples and swabs from the inner side of the same water taps were collected from 30 distal water outlets present in patient care areas of a tertiary care hospital. The filtrate obtained from water samples as well as swabs were inoculated directly and after acid buffer treatment on plain and selective (with polymyxin B, cycloheximide and vancomycin) buffered charcoal yeast extract medium. The colonies grown were identified using standard methods and confirmed for L. pneumophila by latex agglutination test.

Results:

About 6.66 per cent (2/30) distal water outlets sampled were found to be contaminated with L. pneumophila serotype 2-15. Isolation was better with swabs compared to water samples.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The study showed the presence of L. pneumophila colonization of hospital water outlets at low levels. Periodic water sampling and active clinical surveillance in positive areas may be done to substantiate the evidence, to confirm or reject its role as a potential nosocomial pathogen in hospital environment.
Assessment of Utilization of Rehabilitation Services among Stroke Survivors
Authors: Mahak Chandel , Manisha Nagi , Sandhya Ghai , Dheeraj Khurana , Dhandapani Manju , Dhandapani S. S. ,   Shashi,   Yashomati,   Hemlata
Published: August 2018

Background: Rehabilitation is probably one of the most important phases of recovery for many stroke survivors. The current study was conducted with the objective to assess the utilization of rehabilitation services and factors affecting nonutilization of rehabilitation services among the stroke survivors. Materials and Methods: The current study was carried out in the Neuro Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital in India. It was a descriptive study. Consecutive 55 stroke survivors who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited in this study. Self-structured rehabilitation tool was used to collect the data. Results: Data were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority of the patients comprised 70.9% of males and 29.1% of females. Among participants, 70.90% were aware about rehabilitation, 67% were utilizing rehabilitation services, whereas 33% were not utilizing rehabilitation services. In the current study, certain reasons were found behind not utilizing rehabilitation services. There were 83.3% of participants who had lack of awareness about rehabilitation services and 61.1% of participants who had no availability of rehabilitation services. Only 45.5% of rural inhabitants were utilizing rehabilitation services as compared to 81.2% of urban inhabitants and 83.23% of suburban inhabitants. Conclusion: Rehabilitation is of utmost importance. Hemiparesis, difficulty in performing activity of daily living, difficulty in performing social activities, and difficulty in reasoning were the most common problems faced by people suffering stroke after discharge from the hospital. There was lack of awareness and utilization of rehabilitation services by patients among Indian stroke population. Hence, health workers have an immense role in educating, motivating, and ensuring that rehabilitation services in rural inhabitants.
Determinants of Timing of Presentation of Neurotrauma Patients to a Neurosurgical Center in a Developing Country
Authors: Malomo Toluyemi Adefolarin , Oyemolade Toyin Ayofe , Adeleye Amos Olufemi
Published: August 2018

Background: A major goal in neurotrauma management is the prevention of secondary neuronal injuries. This goal is time bound as neurological deficits once established are usually irreversible. Late presentation is the norm in most neurotrauma patients in developing countries. Aims: The aim of the study was to review the timing of presentation of neurotrauma patients and the possible causes of their late presentation for neurosurgical care in our practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study of a 4-month prospective database of neurotrauma patients presenting to the University College Hospital, Ibadan, was done. The participants’ biodata, injury characteristics, initial-care details before referral, and information on timing and causes of delay were analyzed. Results: The study subjects included 111 patients, 80.2% (89/111) were males, and 52.8% aged 21–40 years. Head injury (HI), spinal cord injury (SCI), and combined HI and SCI occurred, respectively, in 80.2%, 14.4%, and 5.4%. Road accidents followed by falls were seen in 73.9% and 14.4% (16), respectively. Just 46.8% (52/111) cases presented within 12 h of injury and only 37 (33.3%) within 4 h. Majority, 83.8% (93/111) were referrals from primary care. These referrals were delayed in 81.7% (76/93) of these. The referring health facilities were located intracity with our center in 54%. Other causes of delayed presentation of these study participants included long-distance travel to our center, lack of funds, or a combination of the above factors. Eighty-nine patients (80.2%) were brought in by family members and the remaining minority by passers-by and road safety personnel. Conclusions: Delayed referral from primary care features prominently in timing of presentation of neurotrauma patients in Nigeria. There is a need for collaboration as well as continuing medical education between the neurotrauma specialists and primary care physicians.
Emergent Neurosurgical Management of a Rapidly Deteriorating Patient with Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage and Alcohol-Related Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Deng Hansen , Yue John K. , Durcanova Beata , Sadjadi Javid
Published: August 2018

Alcohol intoxication is a common risk factor of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and carries a significant health-care burden on underserved patients. Patients with chronic alcohol use may suffer a spectrum of bleeding diatheses from hepatic dysfunction not well studied in the context of TBI. A feared sequela of TBI is the development of coagulopathy resulting in worsened intracranial bleeding. We report the clinical course of an intoxicated patient found down with blunt head trauma and concurrent alcoholic cirrhosis who was awake and responsive in the field. Hospital course was characterized by a rapidly deteriorating neurological examination with progressive subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage and precipitating neurosurgical decompression and critical care management. Our experience dictates the need for timely consideration of the possibility of rapid deterioration from coagulopathic intracranial bleeding in the initial assessment of intoxicated patients with head trauma of unknown severity, for which a high index of suspicion for extra-axial hemorrhage should be maintained, along with the immediate availability of operating room and the necessary medical personnel.
A Case Report of Misdiagnosis of Psychotic Symptoms Predominant Wilson's Disease
Authors: Shah Bhupendra , Limbu Suren
Published: August 2018

Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disease of abnormal copper metabolism. Psychosis is a rare manifestation of Wilson's disease. Few cases of misdiagnosing Wilson's disease as an etiology of psychosis were reported in the literature. We report a case of a 42-year-old patient, who was diagnosed with a schizoaffective disorder and treated with antipsychotics for 3 years with no significant improvement. On reevaluation, we the patient was diagnosed to have Wilson's disease. The patient's symptoms improved significantly with chelation therapy.
Giant Bilateral Calvarial Hyperostosis Secondary to Small Unilateral Frontal Meningioma
Authors: Munjal Satyashiva , Dhawan Sanjay , Jain Sunila , Mehta V. S.
Published: August 2018

A 28-year-old male patient presented to us with bilateral frontal hyperostosis associated with a small unilateral frontal intracranial meningioma. He underwent successful excision of the involved bone and repair of the large cranial defect using a titanium mesh. Histological examination revealed tumor infiltration of the overlying bone. Surgical challenges in the management of such a case are also discussed.
Cerebral Hydatid Cyst in a Young Immunocompromised Patient in Parakou
Authors: Adoukonou Thierry , Accrombessi Donald , Agbetou Mendinatou
Published: August 2018

We report the case of a 30-year-old human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive HIV patient who was poorly followed. She was admitted on November 30, 2017, for the management of febrile encephalitis syndrome with motor deficit of the left hemicorps and generalized seizures. In biology, we found a nonspecific inflammatory syndrome. The cerebral imaging without and with injection found a cystic formation multilobed right fronto-parietal of approximately 83 mm × 62 mm, the presence of an annular calcification of approximately 8 mm with a commitment under falcator, and a contralateral ventricle dilation. Treatment with antiepileptic, antibiotic, antiparasitic, and corticosteroid therapy was marked by death the day before the neurosurgical procedure after initial improvement.