Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19
Authors: Kartsonaki Christiana , Baillie J Kenneth , Barrio Noelia García , Baruch Joaquín , Beane Abigail , Blumberg Lucille , Bozza Fernando , Broadley Tessa , Burrell Aidan , Carson Gail , Citarella Barbara Wanjiru , Dagens Andrew , Dankwa Emmanuelle A , Donnelly Christl A , Dunning Jake , Elotmani Loubna , Escher Martina , Farshait Nataly , Goffard Jean-Christophe , Gonçalves Bronner P , Hall Matthew , Hashmi Madiha , Sim Lim Heng Benedict , Ho Antonia , Jassat Waasila , Pedrera Jiménez Miguel , Laouenan Cedric , Lissauer Samantha , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Mentré France , Merson Laura , Morton Ben , Munblit Daniel , Nekliudov Nikita A , Nichol Alistair D , Singh Oinam Budha Charan , Ong David , Panda Prasan Kumar , Petrovic Michele , Pritchard Mark G , Ramakrishnan Nagarajan , Ramos Grazielle Viana , Roger Claire , Sandulescu Oana , Semple Malcolm G , Sharma Pratima , Sigfrid Louise , Somers Emily C , Streinu-Cercel Anca , Taccone Fabio , Vecham Pavan Kumar , Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan Bharath , Wei Jia , Wils Evert-Jan , Ci Wong Xin , Horby Peter , Rojek Amanda , Olliaro Piero L ,   ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group, Abbas Ali , Abdukahil Sheryl Ann , Abdulkadir Nurul Najmee , Abe Ryuzo , Abel Laurent , Absil Lara , Acharya Subhash , Acker Andrew , Adam Elisabeth , Adrião Diana , Al Ageel Saleh , Ahmed Shakeel , Ainscough Kate , Airlangga Eka , Aisa Tharwat , Hssain Ali Ait , Tamlihat Younes Ait , Akimoto Takako , Akmal Ernita , Al Qasim Eman , Alalqam Razi , Alberti Angela , Al-dabbous Tala , Alegesan Senthilkumar , Alegre Cynthia , Alessi Marta , Alex Beatrice , Alexandre Kévin , Al-Fares Abdulrahman , Alfoudri Huda , Ali Imran , Ali Adam , Shah Naseem Ali , Alidjnou Kazali Enagnon , Aliudin Jeffrey , Alkhafajee Qabas , Allavena Clotilde , Allou Nathalie , Altaf Aneela , Alves João , Alves Rita , Alves João Melo , Amaral Maria , Amira Nur , Ampaw Phoebe , Andini Roberto , Andréjak Claire , Angheben Andrea , Angoulvant François , Ansart Séverine , Anthonidass Sivanesen , Antonelli Massimo , de Brito Carlos Alexandre Antunes , Apriyana Ardiyan , Arabi Yaseen , Aragao Irene , Arancibia Francisco , Araujo Carolline , Arcadipane Antonio , Archambault Patrick , Arenz Lukas , Arlet Jean-Benoît , Arnold-Day Christel , Arora Lovkesh , Arora Rakesh , Artaud-Macari Elise , Aryal Diptesh , Asensio Angel , Ashraf Muhammad , Asif Namra , Asim Mohammad , Assie Jean Baptiste , Asyraf Amirul , Atique Anika , Attanyake A M Udara Lakshan , Auchabie Johann , Aumaitre Hugues , Auvet Adrien , Azemar Laurène , Azoulay Cecile , Bach Benjamin , Bachelet Delphine , Badr Claudine , Baig Nadia , Baird J Kevin , Bak Erica , Bakakos Agamemnon , Bakar Nazreen Abu , Bal Andriy , Balakrishnan Mohanaprasanth , Balan Valeria , Bani-Sadr Firouzé , Barbalho Renata , Barbosa Nicholas Yuri , Barclay Wendy S , Barnett Saef Umar , Barnikel Michaela , Barrasa Helena , Barrelet Audrey , Barrigoto Cleide , Bartoli Marie , Bashir Mustehan , Basmaci Romain , Basri Muhammad Fadhli Hassin , Battaglini Denise , Bauer Jules , Rincon Diego Fernando Bautista , Dow Denisse Bazan , Bedossa Alexandra , Bee Ker Hong , Begum Husna , Behilill Sylvie , Beishuizen Albertus , Beljantsev Aleksandr , Bellemare David , Beltrame Anna , Beltrão Beatriz Amorim , Beluze Marine , Benech Nicolas , Benjiman Lionel Eric , Benkerrou Dehbia , Bennett Suzanne , Bento Luís , Berdal Jan-Erik , Bergeaud Delphine , Bergin Hazel , Sobrino José Luis Bernal , Bertoli Giulia , Bertolino Lorenzo , Bessis Simon , Bevilcaqua Sybille , Bezulier Karine , Bhatt Amar , Bhavsar Krishna , Bianco Claudia , Bidin Farah Nadiah , Singh Moirangthem Bikram , Humaid Felwa Bin , Kamarudin Mohd Nazlin Bin , Bissuel François , Biston Patrick , Bitker Laurent , Bitton Jonathan , Blanco-Schweizer Pablo , Blier Catherine , Bloos Frank , Blot Mathieu , Boccia Filomena , Bodenes Laetitia , Bogaarts Alice , Bogaert Debby , Boivin Anne-Hélène , Bolze Pierre-Adrien , Bompart François , Bonfasius Aurelius , Borges Diogo , Borie Raphaël , Bosse Hans Martin , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth , Bouadma Lila , Bouchaud Olivier , Bouchez Sabelline , Bouhmani Dounia , Bouhour Damien , Bouiller Kévin , Bouillet Laurence , Bouisse Camile , Boureau Anne-Sophie , Bourke John , Bouscambert Maude , Bousquet Aurore , Bouziotis Jason , Boxma Bianca , Boyer-Besseyre Marielle , Boylan Maria , Braconnier Axelle , Braga Cynthia , Brandenburger Timo , Monteiro Filipa Brás , Brazzi Luca , Breen Patrick , Breen Dorothy , Breen Patrick , Brickell Kathy , Browne Shaunagh , Browne Alex , Brozzi Nicolas , Brusse-Keizer Marjolein , Buchtele Nina , Buesaquillo Christian , Bugaeva Polina , Buisson Marielle , Buonsenso Danilo , Burhan Erlina , Bustos Ingrid G , Butnaru Denis , Cabie André , Cabral Susana , Caceres Eder , Cadoz Cyril , Callahan Mia , Calligy Kate , Calvache Jose Andres , Camões João , Campana Valentine , Campbell Paul , Campisi Josie , Canepa Cecilia , Cantero Mireia , Caraux-Paz Pauline , Cárcel Sheila , Cardellino Chiara Simona , Cardoso Sofia , Cardoso Filipe , Cardoso Filipa , Cardoso Nelson , Carelli Simone , Carlier Nicolas , Carmoi Thierry , Carney Gayle , Carqueja Inês , Carret Marie-Christine , Carrier François Martin , Carroll Ida , Casanova Maire-Laure , Cascão Mariana , Casey Siobhan , Casimiro José , Cassandra Bailey , Castañeda Silvia , Castanheira Nidyanara , Castor-Alexandre Guylaine , Castrillón Henry , Castro Ivo , Catarino Ana , Catherine François-Xavier , Cattaneo Paolo , Cavalin Roberta , Cavalli Giulio Giovanni , Cavayas Alexandros , Ceccato Adrian , Cervantes-Gonzalez Minerva , Chair Anissa , Chakveatze Catherine , Chan Adrienne , Chand Meera , Auger Christelle Chantalat , Chapplain Jean-Marc , Chas Julie , Chatterjee Allegra , Chaudry Mobin , Iñiguez Jonathan Samuel Chávez , Chen Anjellica , Chen Yih-Sharng , Cheng Matthew Pellan , Cheret Antoine , Chiarabini Thibault , Chica Julian , Chidambaram Suresh Kumar , Tho Leong Chin , Chirouze Catherine , Chiumello Davide , Cho Sung-Min , Cholley Bernard , Chopin Marie-Charlotte , Chow Ting Soo , Chow Yock Ping , Chua Hiu Jian , Chua Jonathan , Cidade Jose Pedro , Herreros José Miguel Cisneros , Ciullo Anna , Clarke Jennifer , Clarke Emma , Granado Rolando Claure-Del , Clohisey Sara , Cobb Perren J , Codan Cassidy , Cody Caitriona , Coelho Alexandra , Coles Megan , Colin Gwenhaël , Collins Michael , Colombo Sebastiano Maria , Combs Pamela , Connor Marie , Conrad Anne , Contreras Sofía , Conway Elaine , Cooke Graham S , Copland Mary , Cordel Hugues , Corley Amanda , Cornelis Sabine , Cornet Alexander Daniel , Corpuz Arianne Joy , Cortegiani Andrea , Corvaisier Grégory , Costigan Emma , Couffignal Camille , Couffin-Cadiergues Sandrine , Courtois Roxane , Cousse Stéphanie , Cregan Rachel , D'Orleans Charles Crepy , Cristella Cosimo , Croonen Sabine , Crowl Gloria , Crump Jonathan , Cruz Claudina , Berm Juan Luis Cruz , Rojo Jaime Cruz , Csete Marc , Cullen Ailbhe , Cummings Matthew , Curley Gerard , Curlier Elodie , Curran Colleen , Custodio Paula , Filipe Ana da Silva , Da Silveira Charlene , Dabaliz Al-Awwab , Dahly Darren , Dalton Heidi , Dalton Jo , Daly Seamus , Daneman Nick , Daniel Corinne , Dantas Jorge , D'Aragon Frédérick , de Jong Menno , de Loughry Gillian , de Mendoza Diego , De Montmollin Etienne , de Oliveira França Rafael Freitas , de Pinho Oliveira Ana Isabel , De Rosa Rosanna , De Rose Cristina , de Silva Thushan , de Vries Peter , Deacon Jillian , Dean David , Debard Alexa , Debray Marie-Pierre , DeCastro Nathalie , Dechert William , Deconninck Lauren , Decours Romain , Defous Eve , Delacroix Isabelle , Delaveuve Eric , Delavigne Karen , Delfos Nathalie M , Deligiannis Ionna , Dell'Amore Andrea , Delmas Christelle , Delobel Pierre , Delsing Corine , Demonchy Elisa , Denis Emmanuelle , Deplanque Dominique , Depuydt Pieter , Desai Mehul , Descamps Diane , Desvallées Mathilde , Dewayanti Santi , Dhanger Pathik , Diallo Alpha , Diamantis Sylvain , Dias André , Diaz Juan Jose , Diaz Priscila , Diaz Rodrigo , Didier Kévin , Diehl Jean-Luc , Dieperink Wim , Dimet Jérôme , Dinot Vincent , Diop Fara , Diouf Alphonsine , Dishon Yael , Djossou Félix , Docherty Annemarie B , Doherty Helen , Dondorp Arjen M , Dong Andy , Donnelly Maria , Donohue Sean , Donohue Yoann , Donohue Chloe , Doran Peter , Dorival Céline , D'Ortenzio Eric , Douglas James Joshua , Douma Renee , Dournon Nathalie , Downer Triona , Downey Joanne , Downing Mark , Drake Tom , Driscoll Aoife , Dryden Murray , Dryden Murray , Fonseca Claudio Duarte , Dubee Vincent , Dubos François , Ducancelle Alexandre , Duculan Toni , Dudman Susanne , Duggal Abhijit , Dunand Paul , Duplaix Mathilde , Durante-Mangoni Emanuele , Durham Lucian , Dussol Bertrand , Duthoit Juliette , Duval Xavier , Dyrhol-Riise Anne Margarita , Ean Sim Choon , Echeverria-Villalobos Marco , Egan Siobhan , Eira Carla , El Sanharawi Mohammed , Elapavaluru Subbarao , Elharrar Brigitte , Ellerbroek Jacobien , Eloy Philippine , Elshazly Tarek , Elyazar Iqbal , Enderle Isabelle , Endo Tomoyuki , Eng Chan Chee , Engelmann Ilka , Enouf Vincent , Epaulard Olivier , Esperatti Mariano , Esperou Hélène , Esposito-Farese Marina , Estevão João , Etienne Manuel , Ettalhaoui Nadia , Everding Anna Greti , Evers Mirjam , Fabre Marc , Fabre Isabelle , Faheem Amna , Fahy Arabella , Fairfield Cameron J , Fakar Zul , Fareed Komal , Faria Pedro , Farooq Ahmed , Fateena Hanan , Fatoni Arie Zainul , Faure Karine , Favory Raphaël , Fayed Mohamed , Feely Niamh , Feeney Laura , Fernandes Jorge , Fernandes Marília Andreia , Fernandes Susana , Ferrand François-Xavier , Devouge Eglantine Ferrand , Ferrão Joana , Ferraz Mário , Ferreira Sílvia , Ferreira Isabel , Ferreira Benigno , Ferrer-Roca Ricard , Ferriere Nicolas , Ficko Céline , Figueiredo-Mello Claudia , Finlayson William , Fiorda Juan , Flament Thomas , Flateau Clara , Fletcher Tom , Florio Letizia Lucia , Flynn Deirdre , Foley Claire , Foley Jean , Fomin Victor , Fonseca Tatiana , Fontela Patricia , Forsyth Simon , Foster Denise , Foti Giuseppe , Fourn Erwan , Fowler Robert A , Fraher Marianne , Franch-Llasat Diego , Fraser John F , Fraser Christophe , Freire Marcela Vieira , Ribeiro Ana Freitas , Friedrich Caren , Fritz Ricardo , Fry Stéphanie , Fuentes Nora , Fukuda Masahiro , Argin G , Gaborieau Valérie , Gaci Rostane , Gagliardi Massimo , Gagnard Jean-Charles , Gagneux-Brunon Amandine , Gaião Sérgio , Skeie Linda Gail , Gallagher Phil , Gamble Carrol , Gani Yasmin , Garan Arthur , Garcia Rebekha , Garcia-Diaz Julia , Garcia-Gallo Esteban , Garimella Navya , Garot Denis , Garrait Valérie , Gauli Basanta , Gault Nathalie , Gavin Aisling , Gavrylov Anatoliy , Gaymard Alexandre , Gebauer Johannes , Geraud Eva , Morlaes Louis Gerbaud , Germano Nuno , ghisulal praveen kumar , Ghosn Jade , Giani Marco , Gibson Jess , Gigante Tristan , Gilg Morgane , Gilroy Elaine , Giordano Guillermo , Girvan Michelle , Gissot Valérie , Glikman Daniel , Glybochko Petr , Gnall Eric , Goco Geraldine , Goehringer François , Goepel Siri , Goh Jin Yi , Golob Jonathan , Gomes Rui , Gomez Kyle , Gómez-Junyent Joan , Gominet Marie , Gonzalez Alicia , Gordon Patricia , Gorenne Isabelle , Goubert Laure , Goujard Cécile , Goulenok Tiphaine , Grable Margarite , Graf Jeronimo , Grandin Edward Wilson , Granier Pascal , Grasselli Giacomo , Green Christopher A , Greene Courtney , Greenhalf William , Greffe Segolène , Grieco Domenico Luca , Griffee Matthew , Griffiths Fiona , Grigoras Ioana , Groenendijk Albert , Lordemann Anja Grosse , Gruner Heidi , Gu Yusing , Guedj Jérémie , Guego Martin , Guellec Dewi , Guerguerian Anne-Marie , Guerreiro Daniela , Guery Romain , Guillaumot Anne , Guilleminault Laurent , de Castro Maisa Guimarães , Guimard Thomas , Haalboom Marieke , Haber Daniel , Habraken Hannah , Hachemi Ali , Hackmann Amy , Hadri Nadir , Haidri Fakhir , Hakak Sheeba , Hall Adam , Halpin Sophie , Hameed Jawad , Hamer Ansley , Hamers Raph L , Hamidfar Rebecca , Hammond Terese , Han Lim Yuen , Haniffa Rashan , Hao Kok Wei , Hardwick Hayley , Harrison Ewen M , Harrison Janet , Harrison Samuel Bernard Ekow , Hartman Alan , Hasan Mohd Shahnaz , Hashmi Junaid , Hayat Muhammad , Hayes Ailbhe , Hays Leanne , Heerman Jan , Heggelund Lars , Hendry Ross , Hennessy Martina , Henriquez-Trujillo Aquiles , Hentzien Maxime , Hernandez-Montfort Jaime , Hershey Andrew , Hesstvedt Liv , Hidayah Astarini , Higgins Eibhilin , Higgins Dawn , Higgins Rupert , Hinchion Rita , Hinton Samuel , Hiraiwa Hiroaki , Hirkani Haider , Hitoto Hikombo , Ho Yi Bin , Hoctin Alexandre , Hoffmann Isabelle , Hoh Wei Han , Hoiting Oscar , Holt Rebecca , Holter Jan Cato , Horcajada Juan Pablo , Hoshino Koji , Houas Ikram , Hough Catherine L , Houltham Stuart , Hsu Jimmy Ming-Yang , Hulot Jean-Sébastien , Huo Stella , Hurd Abby , Hussain Iqbal , Ijaz Samreen , Illes Hajnal-Gabriela , Imbert Patrick , Imran Mohammad , Sikander Rana Imran , Imtiaz Aftab , Inácio Hugo , Dominguez Carmen Infante , Ing Yun Sii , Iosifidis Elias , Ippolito Mariachiara , Isgett Sarah , Isidoro Tiago , Ismail Nadiah , Isnard Margaux , Itai Junji , Ivulich Daniel , Jaafar Danielle , Jaafoura Salma , Jabot Julien , Jackson Clare , Jamieson Nina , Janes Victoria , Jaquet Pierre , Jaud-Fischer Coline , Jaureguiberry Stéphane , Javidfar Jeffrey , Jaworsky Denise , Jego Florence , Jelani Anilawati Mat , Jenum Synne , Jimbo-Sotomayor Ruth , Joe Ong Yiaw , García Ruth N Jorge , Joseph Cédric , Joseph Mark , Joshi Swosti , Jourdain Mercé , Jouvet Philippe , Jung Hanna , Jung Anna , Juzar Dafsah , Kafif Ouifiya , Kaguelidou Florentia , Kaisbain Neerusha , Kaleesvran Thavamany , Kali Sabina , Kalicinska Alina , Kalomoiri Smaragdi , Kamaluddin Muhammad Aisar Ayadi , Kamaruddin Zul Amali Che , Kamarudin Nadiah , Kambiya Paul , Kamineni Kavita , Kandamby Darshana Hewa , Kandel Chris , Kang Kong Yeow , Kanwal Darakhshan , Karpayah Pratap , Karsies Todd , Kasugai Daisuke , Kataria Anant , Katz Kevin , Kaur Aasmine , Kay Christy , Keane Hannah , Keating Seán , Kedia Pulak , Kelly Claire , Kelly Yvelynne , Kelly Andrea , Kelly Niamh , Kelly Aoife , Kelly Sadie , Kelsey Maeve , Kennedy Ryan , Kennon Kalynn , Kernan Maeve , Kerroumi Younes , Keshav Sharma , Khalid Imrana , Khalid Osama , Khalil Antoine , Khan Coralie , Khan Irfan , Khan Quratul Ain , Khanal Sushil , Khatak Abid , Khawaja Amin , Kherajani Krish , Kho Michelle E , Khoo Saye , Khoo Ryan , Khoo Denisa , Khoso Nasir , Kiat Khor How , Kida Yuri , Kiiza Peter , Granerud Beathe Kiland , Kildal Anders Benjamin , Kim Jae Burm , Kimmoun Antoine , Kindgen-Milles Detlef , King Alexander , Kitamura Nobuya , Klenerman Paul , Klont Rob , Bekken Gry Kloumann , Knight Stephen R , Kobbe Robin , Kodippily Chamira , Vasconcelos Malte Kohns , Koirala Sabin , Komatsu Mamoru , Kosgei Caroline , Kpangon Arsène , Krawczyk Karolina , Krishnan Vinothini , Krishnan Sudhir , Kruglova Oksana , Kumar Deepali , Kumar Ganesh , Kumar Mukesh , Kuriakose Dinesh , Kurtzman Ethan , Kutsogiannis Demetrios , Kutsyna Galyna , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos , Lachatre Marie , Lacoste Marie , Laffey John G , Lagrange Marie , Laine Fabrice , Lairez Olivier , Lakhey Sanjay , Lalueza Antonio , Lambert Marc , Lamontagne François , Langelot-Richard Marie , Langlois Vincent , Lantang Eka Yudha , Lanza Marina , Laouénan Cédric , Laribi Samira , Lariviere Delphine , Lasry Stéphane , Lath Sakshi , Latif Naveed , Launay Odile , Laureillard Didier , Lavie-Badie Yoan , Law Andy , Lawrence Teresa , Lawrence Cassie , Le Minh , Bihan Clément Le , Bris Cyril Le , Falher Georges Le , Fevre Lucie Le , Hingrat Quentin Le , Maréchal Marion Le , Mestre Soizic Le , Moal Gwenaël Le , Moing Vincent Le , Nagard Hervé Le , Turnier Paul Le , Leal Ema , Santos Marta Leal , Lee Todd C , Lee James , Lee Jennifer , Lee Heng Gee , Lee Biing Horng , Lee Yi Lin , Lee Su Hwan , Leeming Gary , Lefebvre Laurent , Lefebvre Bénédicte , Lefevre Benjamin , LeGac Sylvie , Lelievre Jean-Daniel , Lellouche François , Lemaignen Adrien , Lemee Véronique , Lemeur Anthony , Lemmink Gretchen , Lene Ha Sha , Lennon Jenny , León Rafael , Leone Marc , Leone Michela , Lepiller Quentin , Lescure François-Xavier , Lesens Olivier , Lesouhaitier Mathieu , Lester-Grant Amy , Levy Bruno , Levy Yves , Levy-Marchal Claire , Lewandowska Katarzyna , L'Her Erwan , Bassi Gianluigi Li , Liang Janet , Liaquat Ali , Liegeon Geoffrey , Lim Wei Shen , Lim Kah Chuan , Lima Chantre , Lina Lim , Lina Bruno , Lind Andreas , Lingad Maja Katherine , Lingas Guillaume , Lion-Daolio Sylvie , Liu Keibun , Livrozet Marine , Lizotte Patricia , Loforte Antonio , Lolong Navy , Loon Leong Chee , Lopes Diogo , Lopez-Colon Dalia , Lopez-Revilla Jose W , Loschner Anthony L , Loubet Paul , Loufti Bouchra , Louis Guillame , Lourenco Silvia , Lovelace-Macon Lara , Low Lee Lee , Lowik Marije , Loy Jia Shyi , Lucet Jean Christophe , Bermejo Carlos Lumbreras , Luna Carlos M , Lungu Olguta , Luong Liem , Luque Nestor , Luton Dominique , Lwin Nilar , Lyons Ruth , Maasikas Olavi , Mabiala Oryane , Machado Moïse , Macheda Gabriel , Madiha Hashmi , de la Calle Guillermo Maestro , Mahieu Rafael , Mahy Sophie , Maia Ana Raquel , Maier Lars S , Maillet Mylène , Maitre Thomas , Malfertheiner Maximilian , Malik Nadia , Mallon Paddy , Maltez Fernando , Malvy Denis , Manda Victoria , Mandelbrot Laurent , Manetta Frank , Mankikian Julie , Manning Edmund , Manuel Aldric , Malaque Ceila Maria Sant′Ana , Marino Flávio , Marino Daniel , Markowicz Samuel , Eid Charbel Maroun , Marques Ana , Marquis Catherine , Marsh Brian , Marsh Laura , Marshal Megan , Marshall John , Martelli Celina Turchi , Martin Dori-Ann , Martin Emily , Martin-Blondel Guillaume , Martinot Martin , Martin-Quiros Alejandro , Martins João , Martins Ana , Martins Nuno , Rego Caroline Martins , Martucci Gennaro , Martynenko Olga , Marwali Eva Miranda , Marzukie Marsilla , Maslove David , Mason Sabina , Masood Sobia , Nor Basri Mat , Matan Moshe , Mathew Meghena , Mathieu Daniel , Mattei Mathieu , Matulevics Romans , Maulin Laurence , Maxwell Michael , Maynar Javier , Mazzoni Thierry , Evoy Natalie Mc , Sweeney Lisa Mc , McArthur Colin , McArthur Colin , McCarthy Anne , McCarthy Aine , McCloskey Colin , McConnochie Rachael , McDermott Sherry , McDonald Sarah E , McElroy Aine , McElwee Samuel , McEneany Victoria , McGeer Allison , McKay Chris , McKeown Johnny , McLean Kenneth A , McNally Paul , McNicholas Bairbre , McPartlan Elaine , Meaney Edel , Mear-Passard Cécile , Mechlin Maggie , Meher Maqsood , Mehkri Omar , Mele Ferruccio , Melo Luis , Memon Kashif , Mendes Joao Joao , Menkiti Ogechukwu , Menon Kusum , Mentzer Alexander J , Mercier Emmanuelle , Mercier Noémie , Merckx Antoine , Mergeay-Fabre Mayka , Mergler Blake , Mesquita António , Meta Roberta , Metwally Osama , Meybeck Agnès , Meyer Dan , Meynert Alison M , Meysonnier Vanina , Meziane Amina , Mezidi Mehdi , Michelanglei Céline , Michelet Isabelle , Mihelis Efstathia , Mihnovit Vladislav , Miranda-Maldonado Hugo , Misnan Nor Arisah , Mohamed Tahira Jamal , Mohamed Nik Nur Eliza , Moin Asma , Molina David , Molinos Elena , Molloy Brenda , Mone Mary , Monteiro Agostinho , Montes Claudia , Montrucchio Giorgia , Moore Shona C , Moore Sarah , Cely Lina Morales , Moro Lucia , Motherway Catherine , Motos Ana , Mouquet Hugo , Perrot Clara Mouton , Moyet Julien , Mudara Caroline , Mufti Aisha Kalsoom , Muh Ng Yong , Muhamad Dzawani , Mullaert Jimmy , Müller Fredrik , Müller Karl Erik , Muneeb Syed , Munir Nadeem , Munshi Laveena , Murphy Aisling , Murphy Lorna , Murphy Aisling , Murris Marlène , Murthy Srinivas , Musaab Himed , Muvindi Himasha , Muyandy Gugapriyaa , Myrodia Dimitra Melia , Mohd-Hanafiah Farah Nadia , Nagpal Dave , Nagrebetsky Alex , Narasimhan Mangala , Narayanan Nageswaran , Khan Rashid Nasim , Nazerali-Maitland Alasdair , Neant Nadège , Neb Holger , Nelwan Erni , Neto Raul , Neumann Emily , Ng Pauline Yeung , Ng Wing Yiu , Nghi Anthony , Nguyen Duc , Choileain Orna Ni , Leathlobhair Niamh Ni , Nitayavardhana Prompak , Nonas Stephanie , Noordin Nurul Amani Mohd , Noret Marion , Norharizam Nurul Faten Izzati , Norman Lisa , Notari Alessandra , Noursadeghi Mahdad , Nowicka Karolina , Nowinski Adam , Nseir Saad , Nunez Jose I , Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih , Nusantara Dwi Utomo , Nyamankolly Elsa , Brien Fionnuala O , Callaghan Annmarie O , O'Callaghan Annmarie , Occhipinti Giovanna , OConnor Derbrenn , O'Donnell Max , Ogston Tawnya , Ogura Takayuki , Oh Tak-Hyuk , O'Halloran Sophie , O'Hearn Katie , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Oldakowska Agnieszka , Oliveira João , Oliveira Larissa , Ong Jee Yan , Oosthuyzen Wilna , Opavsky Anne , Openshaw Peter , Orakzai Saijad , Orozco-Chamorro Claudia Milena , Ortoleva Jamel , Osatnik Javier , O'Shea Linda , O'Sullivan Miriam , Othman Siti Zubaidah , Ouamara Nadia , Ouissa Rachida , Oziol Eric , Pagadoy Maïder , Pages Justine , Palacios Mario , Palacios Amanda , Palmarini Massimo , Panarello Giovanna , Paneru Hem , Pang Lai Hui , Panigada Mauro , Pansu Nathalie , Papadopoulos Aurélie , Parke Rachael , Parker Melissa , Parra Briseida , Pasha Taha , Pasquier Jérémie , Pastene Bruno , Patauner Fabian , Patel Drashti , Pathmanathan Mohan Dass , Patrão Luís , Patricio Patricia , Patrier Juliette , Patterson Lisa , Pattnaik Rajyabardhan , Paul Mical , Paul Christelle , Paulos Jorge , Paxton William A , Payen Jean-François , Peariasamy Kalaiarasu , Peek Giles J , Peelman Florent , Peiffer-Smadja Nathan , Peigne Vincent , Pejkovska Mare , Pelosi Paolo , Peltan Ithan D , Pereira Rui , Perez Daniel , Periel Luis , Perpoint Thomas , Pesenti Antonio , Pestre Vincent , Petrou Lenka , Petrov-Sanchez Ventzislava , Pettersen Frank Olav , Peytavin Gilles , Pharand Scott , Piagnerelli Michael , Picard Walter , Picone Olivier , de Piero Maria , Pierobon Carola , Piersma Djura , Pimentel Carlos , Pinto Raquel , Pires Catarina , Pironneau Isabelle , Piroth Lionel , Pitaloka Ayodhia , Pius Riinu , Plantier Laurent , Png Hon Shen , Poissy Julien , Pokeerbux Ryadh , Pokorska-Spiewak Maria , Poli Sergio , Pollakis Georgios , Ponscarme Diane , Popielska Jolanta , Porto Diego Bastos , Post Andra-Maris , Postma Douwe F , Povoa Pedro , Póvoas Diana , Powis Jeff , Prapa Sofia , Preau Sébastien , Prebensen Christian , Preiser Jean-Charles , Prinssen Anton , Priyadarshani Gamage Dona Dilanthi , Proença Lucia , Pudota Sravya , Puéchal Oriane , Semedi Bambang Pujo , Pulicken Mathew , Purcell Gregory , Quesada Luisa , Quinones-Cardona Vilmaris , González Víctor Quirós , Quist-Paulsen Else , Quraishi Mohammed , Rabaa Maia , Rabaud Christian , Rabindrarajan Ebenezer , Rafael Aldo , Rafiq Marie , Ragazzo Gabrielle , Rahardjani Mutia , Rahman Rozanah Abd , Rahman Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab , Rahutullah Arsalan , Rainieri Fernando , Rajahram Giri Shan , Ramachandran Pratheema , Ramli Ahmad Afiq , Rammaert Blandine , Rana Asim , Rangappa Rajavardhan , Ranjan Ritika , Rapp Christophe , Rashan Aasiyah , Rashan Thalha , Rasheed Ghulam , Rasmin Menaldi , Rätsep Indrek , Rau Cornelius , Ravi Tharmini , Raza Ali , Real Andre , Rebaudet Stanislas , Redl Sarah , Reeve Brenda , Rehman Attaur , Reid Liadain , Reid Liadain , Reikvam Dag Henrik , Reis Renato , Rello Jordi , Remppis Jonathan , Remy Martine , Ren Hongru , Renk Hanna , Resseguier Anne-Sophie , Revest Matthieu , Rewa Oleksa , Reyes Luis Felipe , Reyes Tiago , Ribeiro Maria Ines , Ricchiuto Antonia , Richardson David , Richardson Denise , Richier Laurent , Ridzuan Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad , Riera Jordi , Rios Ana L , Rishu Asgar , Rispal Patrick , Risso Karine , Nuñez Maria Angelica Rivera , Rizer Nicholas , Robba Chiara , Roberto André , Roberts Stephanie , Robertson David L , Robineau Olivier , Roche-Campo Ferran , Rodari Paola , Rodeia Simão , Roessler Bernhard , Roger Pierre-Marie , Roilides Emmanuel , Romaru Juliette , Roncon-Albuquerque Roberto , Roriz Mélanie , Rosa-Calatrava Manuel , Rose Michael , Rosenberger Dorothea , Roslan Nurul Hidayah Mohammad , Rossanese Andrea , Rossetti Matteo , Rossignol Bénédicte , Rossignol Patrick , Rousset Stella , Roy Carine , Roze Benoît , Rusmawatiningtyas Desy , Russell Clark D , Ryan Maria , Ryan Maeve , Ryckaert Steffi , Holten Aleksander Rygh , Saba Isabela , Sadaf Sairah , Sadat Musharaf , Sahraei Valla , Saint-Gilles Maximilien , Sakiyalak Pranya , Salahuddin Nawal , Salazar Leonardo , Saleem Jodat , Sales Gabriele , Sallaberry Stéphane , Gandonniere Charlotte Salmon , Salvator Hélène , Sanchez Olivier , Sanchez-Miralles Angel , Sancho-Shimizu Vanessa , Sandhu Gyan , Sandhu Zulfiqar , Sandrine Pierre-François , Santos Marlene , Sarfo-Mensah Shirley , Banheiro Bruno Sarmento , Sarmiento Iam Claire E , Sarton Benjamine , Satya Ankana , Satyapriya Sree , Satyawati Rumaisah , Saviciute Egle , Savvidou Parthena , Saw Yen Tsen , Schaffer Justin , Schermer Tjard , Scherpereel Arnaud , Schneider Marion , Schroll Stephan , Schwameis Michael , Schwartz Gary , Scicluna Brendan , Scott Janet T , Scott-Brown James , Sedillot Nicholas , Seitz Tamara , Selvanayagam Jaganathan , Selvarajoo Mageswari , Semaille Caroline , Senian Rasidah Bt , Senneville Eric , Sepulveda Claudia , Sequeira Filipa , Sequeira Tânia , Neto Ary Serpa , Balazote Pablo Serrano , Shadowitz Ellen , Shahidan Syamin Asyraf , Shamsah Mohammad , Shankar Anuraj , Sharjeel Shaikh , Shaw Catherine A , Shaw Victoria , Sheharyar Ashraf , Shetty Rohan , Shetty Rajesh Mohan , Shi Haixia , Shiban Nisreen , Shiekh Mohiuddin , Shime Nobuaki , Shimizu Hiroaki , Shimizu Keiki , Shrapnel Sally , Shrestha Pramesh Sundar , Shrestha Shubha Kalyan , Shum Hoi Ping , Mohammed Nassima Si , Siang Ng Yong , Sibiude Jeanne , Siddiqui Atif , Sillaots Piret , Silva Catarina , Silva Rogério , Silva Maria Joao , Sin Wai Ching , Sinatti Dario , Singh Punam , Singh Budha Charan , Sitompul Pompini Agustina , Sivam Karisha , Skogen Vegard , Smith Sue , Smood Benjamin , Smyth Coilin , Smyth Michelle , Smyth Michelle , Snacken Morgane , So Dominic , Soh Tze Vee , Solomon Joshua , Solomon Tom , Sommet Agnès , Song Rima , Song Tae , Chia Jack Song , Sonntagbauer Michael , Soom Azlan Mat , Sotto Alberto , Soum Edouard , Sousa Marta , Sousa Ana Chora , Uva Maria Sousa , Souza-Dantas Vicente , Sperry Alexandra , Spinuzza Elisabetta , Darshana B P Sanka Ruwan Sri , Sriskandan Shiranee , Stabler Sarah , Staudinger Thomas , Stecher Stephanie-Susanne , Steinsvik Trude , Stienstra Ymkje , Stiksrud Birgitte , Stolz Eva , Stone Amy , Streinu-Cercel Adrian , Stuart David , Stuart Ami , Subekti Decy , Suen Gabriel , Suen Jacky Y , Sultana Asfia , Summers Charlotte , Supic Dubravka , Suppiah Deepashankari , Surovcová Magdalena , Suwarti Suwarti , Svistunov Andrey , Syahrin Sarah , Syrigos Konstantinos , Sztajnbok Jaques , Szuldrzynski Konstanty , Tabrizi Shirin , Tagherset Lysa , Taib Shahdattul Mawarni , Talarek Ewa , Taleb Sara , Talsma Jelmer , Tamisier Renaud , Tampubolon Maria Lawrensia , Tan Kim Keat , Tan Yan Chyi , Tanaka Taku , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Taniguchi Hayato , Taqdees Huda , Taqi Arshad , Tardivon Coralie , Tattevin Pierre , Taufik M Azhari , Tawfik Hassan , Tedder Richard S , Tee Tze Yuan , Teixeira João , Tejada Sofia , Tellier Marie-Capucine , Teoh Sze Kye , Teotonio Vanessa , Téoulé François , Terpstra Pleun , Terrier Olivier , Terzi Nicolas , Tessier-Grenier Hubert , Tey Adrian , Thabit Alif Adlan Mohd , Thakur Anand , Tham Zhang Duan , Thangavelu Suvintheran , Thibault Vincent , Thiberville Simon-Djamel , Thill Benoît , Thirumanickam Jananee , Thompson Shaun , Thomson Emma C , Thomson David , Thurai Surain Raaj Thanga , Thwaites Ryan S , Tierney Paul , Tieroshyn Vadim , Timashev Peter S , Timsit Jean-François , Tissot Noémie , Toh Jordan Zhien Yang , Toki Maria , Tonby Kristian , Tonnii Sia Loong , Torres Margarida , Torres Antoni , Santos-Olmo Rosario Maria Torres , Torres-Zevallos Hernando , Towers Michael , Trapani Tony , Treoux Théo , Tromeur Cécile , Trontzas Ioannis , Trouillon Tiffany , Truong Jeanne , Tual Christelle , Tubiana Sarah , Tuite Helen , Turmel Jean-Marie , Turtle Lance C W , Tveita Anders , Twardowski Pawel , Uchiyama Makoto , Udayanga P G Ishara , Udy Andrew , Ullrich Roman , Uribe Alberto , Usman Asad , Uyeki Timothy M , Vajdovics Cristinava , Valentini Piero , Val-Flores Luís , Valran Amélie , Van de Velde Stijn , van den Berge Marcel , Van der Feltz Machteld , van der Palen Job , van der Valk Paul , Van Der Vekens Nicky , Van der Voort Peter , Van Der Werf Sylvie , van Gulik Laura , Van Hattem Jarne , van Netten Carolien , van Someren Greve Frank , van Veen Ilonka , Van Willigen Hugo , Vanel Noémie , Vanoverschelde Henk , Varghese Pooja , Varrone Michael , Vasudayan Shoban Raj , Vauchy Charline , Veeran Shaminee , Veislinger Aurélie , Vencken Sebastian , Ventura Sara , Verbon Annelies , Vickers James , Vidal José Ernesto , Vieira César , Vijayan Deepak , Villanueva Joy Ann , Villar Judit , Villeneuve Pierre-Marc , Villoldo Andrea , Vishwanathan Gayatri , Visseaux Benoit , Visser Hannah , Vitiello Chiara , Vonkeman Harald , Vuotto Fanny , Wahab Suhaila Abdul , Wahab Noor Hidayu , Wahid Nadirah Abdul , Wainstein Marina , Shukeri Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd , Wang Chih-Hsien , Webb Steve , Weil Katharina , Wen Tan Pei , Wesselius Sanne , West T Eoin , Wham Murray , Whelan Bryan , White Nicole , Wicky Paul Henri , Wiedemann Aurélie , Wijaya Surya Otto , Wille Keith , Willems Suzette , Williams Virginie , Wong Calvin , Wong Yew Sing , Wong Teck Fung , Wright Natalie , Xian Gan Ee , Xian Lim Saio , Xuan Kuan Pei , Xynogalas Ioannis , Yakop Siti Rohani Binti Mohd , Yamazaki Masaki , Yazdanpanah Yazdan , Hing Nicholas Yee Liang , Yelnik Cécile , Yeoh Chian Hui , Yerkovich Stephanie , Yokoyama Toshiki , Yonis Hodane , Yousif Obada , Yuliarto Saptadi , Zaaqoq Akram , Zabbe Marion , Zacharowski Kai , Zahid Masliza , Zahran Maram , Zaidan Nor Zaila Binti , Zambon Maria , Zambrano Miguel , Zanella Alberto , Zawadka Konrad , Zaynah Nurul , Zayyad Hiba , Zoufaly Alexander , Zucman David 
Published: February 2023

Background

We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients.

Methods

The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Results

Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60 years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%.

Conclusions

Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death. The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death.