bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O som da Marcha: evangélicos e espaço público na Marcha para Jesus
Authors: Sant'Ana Raquel
Published: February 2015

Neste artigo, trato da relação entre evangélicos e espaço público do ponto de vista das práticas sonoras que operam na chamada "Marcha para Jesus". A "Marcha para Jesus" ocorre anualmente em centenas de cidades e consiste em uma caminhada por locais vistos como importantes para a cidade, acompanhada por músicas evangélicas entoadas em alto som. Nesses eventos, em que se conectam esferas comumente imaginadas como distintas, como religião, indústria cultural (mercado) e política, o som estabelece e dilui fronteiras. Uma coletividade evangélica é performada e se engaja em batalhas sonoras e espirituais pela cidade.
Monobloc Le Fort III Distraction Osteogenesis for Correction of Severe Fronto-orbital and Midface Hypoplasia in Pediatric Crouzon Syndrome
Authors: Hariri Firdaus , Cheung Lim Kwong , Rahman Zainal Ariff Abdul , Mathaneswaran Vickneswaran , Ganesan Dharmendra
Published: February 2015

In severe syndromic craniosynostosis, distraction osteogenesis (DO) provides superior segmental advancement and allows progressive clinical monitoring to ensure that adequate skeletal expansion is achieved. We report two cases of Crouzon syndrome involving a 3-year-old boy and a 4-year-old girl, who were both treated with monobloc Le Fort III DO using a combination of external and internal distraction devices (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland) to treat severe orbital proptosis and obstructed nasopharyngeal airway secondary to severe hypoplastic craniofacial skeletal components. Their skeletal segments were advanced in daily increments by 27 mm and 23 mm, respectively. Results at 18 months postoperatively showed successful outcomes, as evidenced by adequate eye protection, tracheostomy tube decannulation following objective evidence of patent nasopharyngeal airway, and acceptable facial appearance. Monobloc Le Fort III DO using a combination of external and internal devices produces favorable functional and clinical outcomes for the treatment of severe orbital and airway discrepancy in Crouzon syndrome.
An Assessment of 30-Day Complications in Primary Cleft Lip Repair: A Review of the 2012 ACS NSQIP Pediatric
Authors: Paine Kaitlyn M. , Tahiri Youssef , Wes Ari M. , Wink Jason D. , Fischer John P. , Gelder Carol Ann H. , Taylor Jesse A.
Published: February 2015

Objective

The aim of this study is to identify risk factors associated with complications and readmissions following cleft lip repair using the multicenter American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Pediatric.

Design

Patients undergoing CPT codes 40700, 40701, and 40702 were extracted from the ACS NSQIP Pediatric. Fisher exact, χ2, and rank-sum tests were used to evaluate risk factors.

Results

Of the 525 patients included, 4.2% had complications, with respiratory complications being the most common. Risk factors included congenital malformations ( P = .001), ventilator dependence ( P = .002), oxygen support ( P = .016), tracheostomy ( P = .005), esophageal/gastric/intestinal disease ( P = .007), impaired cognitive status ( P = .034), acquired central nervous system abnormality ( P = .040), nutritional support ( P = .001), major and severe cardiac risk factors ( P = .011 and P = .005), and an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 ( P = .002). In addition, complications were associated with undergoing a one-stage bilateral repair ( P = .045) or concomitant ear, nose, and throat procedure ( P = .045). The readmission rates for ambulatory patients and inpatients were 2.6% and 4.9% ( P = .556), with an overall readmission rate of 4.6%. Ambulatory patients were older ( P = .005) and had shorter operative times ( P < .001).

Conclusions

Perioperative complications are low following cleft lip repair, with respiratory complications being the most common. Readmission rates of 4.6% are higher than expected, and insight into predictors of complications will allow surgeons to identify patients who could benefit from additional resources.
Municipal solid waste as a resource: part 1 – specifying composition
Authors: Cox Jade-Ashlee , Mulheron Michael , Jesson David , Druckman Angela , Smyth Matthew , Trew Helen
Published: February 2015

Waste is a complex societal problem and its management brings together various stakeholders. However, lack of sufficient information on the quantities and types of materials in the waste stream can make sustainable waste management difficult. Since waste in one sector can be valuable as a resource in another, there is a need to understand the distribution of materials within the resource stream, especially those that go to landfill. Current work is seeking to address this: whereas much material is already recycled, this is not the only management option and there remain several problematic materials and components that need to be removed from residual waste. This paper, the first of two case studies, presents a more comprehensive waste composition specification to improve the management of municipal waste. In developing the approach, waste composition specifications currently in use were reviewed and compared with the solid municipal waste collected at community recycling centres and from kerbsides. Key primary and secondary descriptors for the better management of resources arising from municipal waste were determined and the impact of these changes on the information arising from composition analysis is discussed.
Design of process of educating to physical exercises of girls 14—15
Authors: Капкан О. О.
Published: February 2015

Research: aim to optimize the mode of educating to physical exercises of girls 14—15. For the decision of the put tasks the next methods of research: were used analysis and generalization of scientifically-methodical literature, resource of Internet, pedagogical testing, methods of the mathematical planning of experiment (FFE 22); design method. The plan of factor experiment gave an opportunity to study influence of amount of reiterations of exercises (Х1) and intervals of rest (Х2) on efficiency of educating to physical exercises of girls 14—15, to use the complex going near the study of objects, that assumes the simultaneous varying of a few factors with the purpose of estimation of their influence and influence of their cooperations. The simultaneous varying factors on the special program provided the study of each of them in different terms. It allowed to get more reliable conclusions, suitable to the terms that change. It is set that the increase of efficiency of educational process is possible on the basis of analysis of regressive models, calculation of the optimal execution of physical exercises states in the process of their educating on the lessons of physical culture of schoolchildren 14—15. For girls 14 on educating to physical exercises the amount of reiterations influences in a lesson, the increase of amount of reiterations to 12 times negatively influences on efficiency of process of educating. Cooperation of amount of reiterations and interval of rest influences on efficiency of process of educating, the level of educating grows in case of increase of amount of reiterations to 12 times, and interval of rest to 120 with (a headstand is by force, throwing of small ball). For girls 15 the amount of reiterations on a lesson and interval of rest influence on the process of educating to physical exercises, optimal terms for educating are created, if exercise recurs 6 times with the interval of rest 60 p. The results of analysis of variance testify that for girls 14—15 the optimal modes of educating are within the limits of 6-12 reiterations in a lesson with the intervals of rest 60—120 p. In the process of educating of girls it is 14 necessary to be oriented on the amount of reiterations in a lesson, for girls 15 - on the interval of rest.
Comparative description of motive preparedness of schoolchildren is 8—9 classes
Authors: Іващенко О. В. , Макарова О. А.
Published: February 2015

Aim of work — to define 8—9 classes to the feature of motive preparedness of schoolchildren. For the decision of the put tasks the next methods of research: were used theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical supervisions, testing, methods of mathematical statistics.Conclusions. Level of functional preparedness of schoolchildren 8—9 classes are estimated as middle. Mean values of testing results can be reference-points for self-perfection of motive preparedness of schoolchildren of eighth and ninth classes.Research results testify that under act of engaging in physical exercises the indexes of static and speed force became better in the students of middle classes.The system of motive preparation will be effective only then, when an educational process will be built on the basis of conformities to law of development of organism and correctly neat facilities and methods of educating.
How functional traits, herbivory, and genetic diversity interact inEchinacea: implications for fragmented populations
Authors: Kittelson Pamela M. , Wagenius Stuart , Nielsen Reina , Qazi Sanjive , Howe Michael , Kiefer Gretel , Shaw Ruth G.
Published: February 2015

Habitat fragmentation produces small, spatially isolated populations that promote inbreeding. Remnant populations often contain inbred and outbred individuals, but it is unclear how inbreeding relative to outbreeding affects the expression of functional traits and biotic interactions such as herbivory. We measured a suite of 12 functional traits and herbivore damage on three genotypic cross types in the prairie forb,Echinacea angustifolia: inbred, and outbred crosses resulting from matings within and between remnant populations. Inbreeding significantly affected the expression of all 12 functional traits that influence resource capture. Inbred individuals had consistently lower photosynthetic rates, water use efficiencies, specific leaf areas, and had higher trichome numbers, percent C, and percent N than outbred individuals. However, herbivore damage did not differ significantly among the cross types and was not correlated with other leaf functional traits. Leaf architecture and low physiological rates of the inbred compared to outbred individuals imply poorer capture or use of resources. Inbred plants also had lower survival and fitness relative to outbred plants. Our results show that inbreeding, a phenomenon predicted and observed to occur in fragmented populations, influences key functional traits such as plant structure, physiology and elemental composition. Because of their likely role in fitness of individuals and ecological dynamics plant functional traits can serve as a bridge between evolution and community or ecosystem ecology.
A Unified Model of Matrix Permeability in Shale Gas Formations
Authors: Wang HanYi , Marongiu-Porcu Matteo
Published: February 2015

Permeability is one of the most fundamental reservoir rock properties required for modeling hydrocarbon production. Many shale gas and ultralow permeability tight gas reservoirs can have matrix permeability values in the range of tens to hundreds of nano-darcies. The ultrafine pore structure of these rocks can cause violation of the basic assumptions behind Darcy's law. Depending on a combination of pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions, pore structure and gas properties, non-Darcy flow mechanisms such as Knudsen diffusion and/or gas-slippage effects will impact the matrix apparent permeability.

Even though numerous theoretical and empirical models have been proposed to describe the increasing apparent permeability due to non-Darcy flow/gas-slippage behavior in nano-pore space, few literature have investigated the impact of formation compaction and the release of the adsorption gas layer upon shale matrix apparent permeability during reservoir depletion.

In this article, we first present a thorough review on gas flow in shale nano-pore space and discuss the factors that can impact shale matrix apparent permeability, besides the well-studied non-Darcy flow/gas-slippage behavior. Then, a unified shale matrix apparent permeability model is proposed to bridge the effects of non-Darcy flow/gas-slippage, geomechanics (formation compaction) and the release of the adsorption gas layer into a single, coherent equation. In addition, a mathematical framework for an unconventional reservoir simulator that was developed for this study is also presented.

Different matrix apparent permeability models are implemented in our numerical simulator to examine how the various factors impact matrix apparent permeability within the Simulated Reservoir Volume (SRV). Finally, the impact of a natural fracture network on matrix apparent permeability evolution is investigated. The results indicate that even though the conductive fracture network plays a vital role in shale gas production, the matrix apparent permeability evolution during pressure depletion can't be neglected for accurate production modeling.
Algebraic Multiscale Solver for Flow in Heterogeneous Fractured Porous Media
Authors: Tene M. , Al Kobaisi M. S. , Hajibeygi H.
Published: February 2015

A general algebraic multiscale framework is presented for fractured porous media, which enables the treatment of fractures with multiple length scales and wide ranges of conductivity contrasts. To this end, fully integrated local basis functions for both matrix and fractures are constructed. These basis functions are employed to construct the multiscale coarse system for both matrix and fractures, and then interpolate the coarse solutions back to the fine-scale reference system. Combined with a second stage fine-scale solver, here, ILU(0), our development leads to an iterative multiscale strategy for heterogeneous fractured media, allowing for error reduction to any arbitrary level, while honoring mass conservation after any multiscale finite volume stage. In order to maintain generality, it is shown that when each fracture network is modeled using a single coarse grid cell, our formulation automatically reduces to that proposed by Hajibeygi et al. (2011). However, in order to facilitate the treatment of general ranges of conductivity contrasts and deviation term norms, we introduce the ability to refine the coarse grid to more than one cell per network. Our experiments show that this flexibility results in a significant improvement on convergence properties. This added degree of flexibility is made possible through an algebraic formulation, which leads to a multi-stage multiscale conservative linear solver for multiphase flow in fractured media.
Three-Dimensional Coarse-Scale Simulation of Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes in Highly Heterogeneous Reservoirs
Authors: Jessen Kristian , Evazi Mohammad
Published: February 2015

Upscaling of the geological model is an important stage in a reservoir simulation work-flow that introduces error due to averaging of sub-grid heterogeneity and numerical diffusion. Upscaling errors are generally more severe in compositional flow simulation than in black oil modeling due to the inherent equilibrium assumption that increases numerical diffusion significantly. When coarse grid blocks involve high and low permeability channels or layers, current single-porosity upscaling techniques are very sensitive to the level of upscaling and generally fail in representing the fine scale response adequately. In this work, the effect of heterogeneity on displacement efficiency in coarse-scale modeling is studied and a dual-porosity upscaling approach is proposed that significantly reduces the upscaling error due to averaging of heterogeneity. Pore space is divided, based on flow contribution, into two distinct continua and a dual-porosity dual-permeability model is used for coarse-scale flow simulation. A streamline index (SI), defined as the ratio of streamline density to time-of-flight, is used for division of storage into primary pore volume that covers the high flow pathways in the porous system and secondary pore volume that acts mainly as source/sink and feed into major flow pathways. Global single-phase upscaling is applied to calculate inter-continuum and inter-block transmissibility. The proposed technique is used to simulate miscible and immiscible displacements on 3D models. Displacement calculations are performed on the original fine grid and on a uniform coarse grid with single-porosity (classical approach) and dual-porosity upscaling. Several simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach in effectively capturing the sub-grid heterogeneity effects on multi-phase flow. The sensitivity of the proposed upscaling technique is then investigated for settings where gravity forces are significant. We show that the proposed technique is accurate at high upscaling ratios and that it is significantly less sensitive to the upscaling level relative to single-porosity upscaling techniques.
Optimal operation efficiency and control of water pumps in multiple water reservoir system: case study in Korea
Authors: Kim Mincheol , Choi Taeho , Kim Minhwa , Han Sungsoo , Koo Jayong
Published: February 2015

Pumping regimes for water distribution systems have been established to reduce pump operation costs. Optimization of water reservoir networks has been studied extensively for operating pumps efficiently. According to research, optimization reduces pump operation costs by approximately 10–20%. However, comparing economic benefits per country would be too complex because the effects of optimization differ depending on the power cost estimation system of each country and the existing operations. This study presents an optimization algorithm to minimize the operating costs of an entire system via the application of dynamic programming. Case studies were conducted to apply the algorithm to real values in four scenarios. By setting cost minimization as an objective, an optimum water pump operation plan was derived that encompasses operating conditions, variations in water demand, and energy costs. Results showed that operating a standby pump in an existing system can increase the system's efficiency. In addition, even if hourly water consumption remains constant, each case requires its own operating method, because each case has different operational costs. By considering various conditions such as those mentioned in this study, future pump operation schedules can be optimized and stabilized to maintain economic water supply.
Planning and installation of a drinking water treatment in Gunungkidul, Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fuchs S. , Silva A. , Anggraini A. K. , Mahdariza F.
Published: February 2015

The district of Gunungkidul on Java Island in Indonesia is affected by an acute water shortage, especially during dry seasons. Because of its karst topography, rainfall percolates rapidly into underground caves, limiting surface storage. As a consequence, potential sources of water to supply the local population are rainwater and water derived from underground caves. However, water availability is in most cases insufficient and water quality does not meet the WHO drinking water quality standards. One aim of the Integrated Water Resources Management Indonesia Project was to find, develop and implement an appropriate water treatment in order to ensure a safe drinking water supply to the population of Gunungkidul. A decision-making process was used to select the most appropriate technology and a suitable location for construction. Laboratory experiments were conducted with local materials to assess treatment performance.
A short overview of the state of the art and perspectives on the main basic factors hindering the development of photocatalytic treatment of water
Authors: Pichat Pierre
Published: February 2015

This brief overview focuses on three of the main basic phenomena limiting the applications of photocatalysis using semiconductors for the treatment of water, so that this technology has really not gone beyond the demonstration stage aside from niche applications. These phenomena are: the recombination of photogenerated charges; the adsorption of trace organic pollutants; the spectral range of photocatalytic activity. The accomplishments and failures of the various and numerous attempts to overcome these fundamental limitations are summarized and discussed. The emphasis is on the methods susceptible to improve the use of photons, including those in the visible domain to better use solar irradiation if applicable, and to facilitate the contact between the semiconductor and the trace organic pollutants in liquid water. Despite numerous studies, these limitations have not yet been overcome for water purification, because additionally the photocatalysts must contain chemical elements that are both innocuous and inexpensive. However, combinations of TiO2 and activated carbon might provide materials of interest.
Natural attenuation potential of selected hydrokarst systems in the Carpathian Mountains (Romania)
Authors: Brad Traian , Fekete Alexandru , Şandor Mignon Severus , Purcărea Cristina
Published: February 2015

We examined the potential for natural attenuation of ten hydrokarst systems (HKS) in three mountain units in the Carpathian Mountains. We sampled in places where water enters below ground and where water emerges back to the surface in springs and is used as drinking water by the local communities. Water samples were used to assess the degree of chemical and microbiological pollution. Although the water in the ten HKS was rather clean, a general decrease in the concentration of most chemical compounds was observed along the flow path, regardless of the number of tributaries the underground stream receives. Dilution caused by tributaries could not account for the decrease in the concentration of most compounds. The contribution of other chemical immobilization processes, such as retention of pollution in the subsurface or sorption to sediment particles was suggested, in combination with the activity of microorganisms. The bacteria diversity is complex and decreases from upstream to downstream locations due to dilution with water provided by tributaries or retention of bacteria in the subsurface by adhesion to substrates. We suggest that karst can have a significant potential for natural attenuation by retaining the pollution underground, in combination with biodegradation performed by microorganisms.
Water quality management for domestic rainwater harvesting systems in Fiji
Authors: Kohlitz J. P. , Smith M. D.
Published: February 2015

Health risks from drinking rainwater are relatively small in the developing world context, but action is needed to ensure water safety. Water safety plans (WSPs) use an approach to manage water quality that has shown signs of success with public and communal water supplies, but relatively little research has been done to investigate the application of WSPs to self-supply systems. The aim of this paper is to investigate the primary issues surrounding appropriate water quality management of domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) systems in Fiji and consider how the principles of WSPs can be applied in this context. A qualitative research design was followed, utilising semi-structured interviews with 34 rural households and six key informants, sanitary inspections of DRWH systems and thematic data analysis. A number of challenges, including limited government resources and the limited knowledge and casual attitudes of rural rainwater consumers, constrain the practicality of adopting conventional WSPs at the household level, but steps for improvement can be taken.
Disinfection by-product formation from the monochloramination of chironomid larvae
Authors: Xingbin Sun , Lu Che , Ying Lu , Lei Sun , Shuqing Zhao
Published: February 2015

Formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), including dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN), chloroform (TCM), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA), trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), chloropicrin (TCNM) and chloral hydrate (CH), from monochloramination of chironomid larvae was investigated at different contact times, pH levels and temperatures. Increased monochloramine dosage and prolonged reaction time resulted in an increase in most DBPs. Furthermore, the concentrations of TCAN, DCAN and CH initially increased over time before reaching a plateau. This is because of the hydrolysis of functional groups and the function of NH2Cl. The concentrations of DCAA, TCAA and TCM decreased as pH was increased from 5 to 10, and TCAN, DCAN and CH were not detected when the pH exceeded 8. As for TCNM, their concentration increased as the pH increased from 5 to 7, following a subsequent decrease at higher pH values. High temperatures led to higher DCAN and TCAN concentrations, while low temperatures resulted in higher TCNM and DCAA concentrations. Both high and low temperatures reduced the concentrations of TCAN and CH. Finally, concentrations of the four predominant DBPs (TCM, DCAN of DCAA and TCAA) all decreased as Cl/N ratio declined.
Adsorption of arsenic in dacitic tuff pretreated with magnesium oxide
Authors: Rodríguez-Flores Liliana , Marmolejo-Santillán Yolanda , Pérez-Moreno Fidel , Castañeda-Ovando Araceli , Sierra-Zenteno Araceli , Flores-Castro Kinardo , Cadena-Zamudio José Luis
Published: February 2015

This study characterized a natural adsorbent material, a dacitic tuff, from Aguas Blancas in Zimapan Hgo. by emission spectroscopy of inductive coupling plasma, X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy. Also, the influences of concentration, contact time, and pH on the adsorption capacity of arsenic (As) on a dacitic tuff doped with MgO by batch technique were assessed. The results show that the treated material can increase adsorption capacity by 95% compared to natural, untreated material. The pH range for better As adsorption is 3–7 at ambient temperature. The data were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich models; these were better suited to the Langmuir model with a capacity of adsorption of 1,897.1 μg g−1. Finally, the mechanism proposed between adsorbent and As compounds is an anion exchange, according to the Kaganer–Dubinin–Radushkevich model, which is provided by functional groups MgOH2+ that were fixed on the material.
Optimization of pumping schedule based on water demand forecasting using a combined model of autoregressive integrated moving average and exponential smoothing
Authors: Kang Hyeong-Seok , Kim Hyunook , Lee Jaekyeong , Lee Ingyu , Kwak Byoung-Youn , Im Hyungjoon
Published: February 2015

Stable water supply to end users is the most important element in water supply systems (WSSs). The portion of energy used by the water distribution system is up to 40% of the total energy consumed by WSSs. To save energy cost for pumping systems, a number of attempts have been made. Especially, an optimization scheme for scheduling the water-pumping operation has attracted the interest of water engineers. In this paper, a binary integer program was applied to optimize pumping schedule of a WSS in Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka based on the hourly water demands for the next day. The water demands were forecasted by a combined model consisting of an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and an error compensation routine based on exponential smoothing technique. The result showed that the optimization system could reduce the operation cost of the WSS by minimizing electricity for water pumping; electricity cost for pump operation could be reduced by 55%.
A Damage Tolerance Model for Plates with Surface Cracks Under
Combined End Force and Bending
Authors: Haiyang Yuan , Yunxin Wu , Zhiqi Liao
Published: February 2015

Reference stress statuses and the critical crack sizes are analyzed systematically and in detail for rectangle
surface cracks in plates under combined endforce and cross-thickness bending loads via the ‘global’ reference stress
method. The relationships of critical crack width and depth are obtained from the critical crack sizes analysis. Based on
the net-section plastic collapse of the flawed component, a damage tolerance mathematical model for plates with single
crack was built, which did not consider the contact of crack faces and it can be used for plates with a shallow crack or a
deep crack under combined endforce and cross-thickness bending load. Using this mathematical model, the damage limits
of aluminum alloy plates under different bending loads are obtained and a simplified damage tolerance model for
aluminum alloy plates is established via regression analysis. The results obtained from the model and the regression
model agree well with the experimental results especially when a/t<0.8. The test results show that the model can be fast
and conveniently predict the damage limits for plates with surface cracks under bending.
Multi-Objective Optimization Study for the Turnout Sub-Rail Parameters
Based on Orthogonal Experiment
Authors: Yongjie Lu , Bowen Zhu , Jianxi Wang
Published: February 2015

The stiffness and damping characteristics under the turnout rail are important factors affecting vehicle safety
and stable running. According to the variable cross-section structure of a single 60 kg/m turnout No.18, a multi-body
dynamic model of the vehicle-turnout coupled system is established. Based on the orthogonal test method, 25 group
working conditions have been designed with the combination of the sub-rail stiffness and damping parameters. It has been
found that the stiffness parameters under the rail have a greater impact on the vehicle’s performance through the range
analysis of the simulation results. The vertical sub-rail stiffness mainly influences the vehicle’s vertical response and
Sperling indicator. The lateral stiffness affects the derailment coefficient and the riding comfort. The matching scheme of
the sub-rail stiffness and damping parameters is deduced by aiming towards the optimal vehicle security, stability and
comfort, which provides a reference for the sub-rail structure design.
Growth Hormone and Craniofacial Tissues. An update
Authors: Litsas George
Published: February 2015

Growth hormone is an important regulator of bone homeostasis. In childhood, it determines the longitudinal bone growth, skeletal maturation, and acquisition of bone mass. In adulthood, it is necessary to maintain bone mass throughout life. Although an association between craniofacial and somatic development has been clearly established, craniofacial growth involves complex interactions of genes, hormones and environment. Moreover, as an anabolic hormone seems to have an important role in the regulation of bone remodeling, muscle enhancement and tooth development. In this paper the influence of growth hormone on oral tissues is reviewed.
Quality of Life in Fibromyalgia Patients with Craniomandibular Disorders
Authors: Di Venere D , Corsalini M , Stefanachi G , Tafuri S , De Tommaso M , Cervinara F , Re A , Pettini F
Published: February 2015

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a rheumatic disease which affects fibrous tissues and muscles; it is characterized by chronic pain and it is often associated with craniomandibular disorders (CMD). 31 patients were assessed from March 2012 to October 2012 through the administration of specific questionnaires and following neurologic and gnatologic assessment. A relevant corre-lation between FM and CMD emerges from the present study, as 80.6% of our patients report CMD symptoms with high prevalence of myofascial pain (84%). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the patients in the present study did not differ in score of quality of life questionnaires from patients with fibromyalgia. The neuropathic pain diagnostic question-naire (DN4) scores were positively affected by belonging to group II of Research Diagnostic Criteria of Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/ TDM) classification, suggesting the possibility of a neuropathic component in chronic pain in this CMD group, as already speculated in our study on the correlation between burning mouth syndrome and CMD and by other au-thors in studies on chronic low back pain. However, further clinic and instrumental studies are needed in order to test this as-sumption.
Comparisons of Body Image Perceptions of a Sample of Black and White Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Fibromyalgia in the US
Authors: Boyington Josephine E.A , Schoster Britta , Callahan Leigh F
Published: February 2015

Objective :

To explore the disease-related, body image (BI) perceptions of women diagnosed with, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FM).

Methods :

A purposive sample of twenty-seven females participated in individual semi-structured phone interviews to elicit BI perceptions relative to pain, activity limitations and coping measures. Sessions were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and content analyzed.

Results :

Body image perceptions relative to 5 major themes emerged in the analysis. They focused onPain, Disease Impact on Physical and Mental Function, Weight, Diseased-Induced Fearsand, Coping measures. Pain was a common experience of all participants. Other troubling factors verbalized by participants included dislike and shame of visibly affected body parts, and disease-induced social, psychological and physical limitations. RA participants thought that manifested joint changes, such as swelling and redness, undergirded their prompt diagnosis and receipt of health care. Contrarily, women with fibromyalgia perceived that the lack of visible, disease-related, physical signs led to a discounting of their disease, which led to delayed health care and subsequent frustrations and anger. All but one participant used prayer and meditation as a coping measure.

Conclusion :

The body image perceptions evidenced by the majority of participants were generally negative and included specific focus on their disease-affected body parts (e.g. joints), mental function, self-identity, health care experiences, activity limitations and overall quality of life. Given the global effect of RA and FM, assessment and integration of findings about the BI perceptions of individuals with FM and RA may help define suitable interdisciplinary strategies for managing these conditions and improving participants’ quality of life.
Economic Burden of Diabetes in Urban Indians
Authors: Chandra Pablo , Gogate Bageshri , Gogate Parikshit , Thite Nilesh , Mutha Abhay , Walimbe Amit
Published: February 2015

Purpose :

To find out the average economic burden of medical care on a patient with diabetes in Pune, India

Methods :

A semi-open ended questionnaire followed by interview was conducted with patients attending diabetes and ophthalmic out-patient departments. They were asked regarding the duration of diabetes, methods undertaken for blood sugar control and the amount they spend on consultations, laboratory tests, medicines and procedures if any within past year. Expenditure was classified as direct cost (cost of medicines, doctor’s fees, investigations, lasers and surgery) and indirect cost (travel, diet control, health classes and loss of wages). Data was collected regarding the socioeconomic status according to Kuppaswamy classification.

Results :

219 patients participated of whom 129 were males (58.9%). Average annual direct cost of diabetes treatment was Rs 8,822 of which 52.1% was spend on medicines, 3.2% was spend on lasers, 12.6% was spend on surgical procedures, 11.6% spent on investigations and 10.4% was spend on clinician fees. Average annual indirect cost was Rs. 3949 of which 3.4% was spend on travelling purpose, 0.4% was spent on health classes, 4.9% was spent on diet control and 91.3% was loss of wages. Average expenditure done by lower middle class was 23.7% of their income. Average percentage of income for direct and indirect cost was 3.6% and 1.4% respectively. The cost of the treatment formed1.3% of the annual income for those in Socio-economic class I, 1.7% in class II, 3.7% in class III and 23.7% in class IV.

Conclusion :

The cost of managing diabetes was a significant proportion of the patients’ income, especially for those on lower socio-economic scale (class IV).
Different Damaged Shaft Lining Concrete Resistance to Sulfate Corrosion
Authors: Li Xurong , Ji Hongguang , Liu Juanhong , You Shuang
Published: February 2015

Shaft lining concrete itself has a certain degree of initial damage before being corroded by sulfate. In order to
study the resistance of the concrete of the initial damage in different corrosion solution concentration of sulfate, samples
of concrete without initial damage, loaded 50% ultimate load and loaded 70% ultimate load with initial damage concrete
were selected and studied their corrosion resistance in 9%, 12% and 15% concentrations of sulfate solution. The results
show that compared with concrete with no initial damage, the concrete with initial damage resistance to sulfate corrosion
is varied. With the increased concentration of the corrosion solution, the concrete with worse initial damage exhibited
much lower resistance to sulfate corrosion.
Reasons for and frequency of off - label drug use
Authors: Golocorbin-Kon Svetlana , Ilickovic Ivana , Mikov Momir
Published: February 2015

Introduction. The application of drugs in accordance with the marketing
authorization issued by the regulatory authority is considered on-label use,
while off-label drug use frequently occurs in medical practice. It includes
the application of drugs beyond approved indications, for unapproved age
group, with different dosage regimens or different administration route.
Medical specialists frequently prescribe an off-label drug in pediatrics,
neonatology, geriatrics, psychiatry and oncology. Some countries have
established registers of off-label drugs and guidelines for their prescribing
and administration. The aim of the paper is to review practices in off-label
drug use in order to satisfy the attitude of regulatory bodies and
professional associations regarding the off-label use of drugs. Material and
Methods. The sources of information used are articles published in scientific
journals and information from the official websites of regulatory agencies.
Results and Discussion. The most common reasons why physicians decide to
prescribe off-label drugs are primarily the absence of drugs for a particular
indication or those for a particular age group. In their daily work, doctors
prescribe drugs for an off-label use based on their own or other colleague?s
experience. There is no general agreement on off-label use of drugs at the
national or international level, but more and more doctors? associations and
regulatory bodies approve off-label drug use in compliance with certain
scientific and legal requirements. Conclusion. Off-label drug use has its
place in practice and it has been widely accepted by the medical community
and by itself it is not a violation of the standards of healthcare. Off-label
use is common in our country and worldwide, and it is necessary to establish
a registry for off-label drug use.
Generalized exp-function method for non-linear space-time fractional differential equations
Authors: Yan Li-Mei , Xu Feng-Sheng
Published: February 2015

A generalized exp-function method is proposed to solve non-linear space-time
fractional differential equations. The basic idea of the method is to convert
a fractional partial differential equation into an ordinary equation with
integer order derivatives by fractional complex transform. To illustrate the
effectiveness of the method, space-time fractional asymmetrical
Nizhnik-Novikor-Veselov equation is considered. The fractional derivatives in
the present paper are in Jumarie?s modified Riemann-Liouville sense.
Energy consumption of the griffes during weaving process of jacquard loom
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Xi-Fang , Wang Ping
Published: February 2015

In this paper, energy consumption of the griffes during their serving life is
reported. Griffes of the Jacquard loom with reciprocating motion and high
speed are the main suffering components during the weaving process. Under the
condition of high reciprocating velocity, the mechanical damage is an
unavoidable issue that will lead to a fatal collapse on the mechanical parts
and even operators. Therefore, finite element analysis is adopted and
conducted in present research to intuitively demonstrate the energy
consumption on the griffes. This will be benefit for the design and local
reinforcement of the Jacquard.
Thermal analysis of charring materials based on pyrolysis interface model
Authors: Huang Hai-Ming , Li Wei-Jie , Yu Hai-Ling
Published: February 2015

Charring thermal protection systems have been used to protect hypersonic
vehicles from high heat loads. The pyrolysis of charring materials is a
complicated physical and chemical phenomenon. Based on the pyrolysis
interface model, a simulating approach for charring ablation has been
designed in order to obtain one dimensional transient thermal behavior of
homogeneous charring materials in reentry capsules. As the numerical results
indicate, the pyrolysis rate and the surface temperature under a given heat
flux rise abruptly in the beginning, then reach a plateau, but the
temperature at the bottom rises very slowly to prevent the structural
materials from being heated seriously. Pyrolysis mechanism can play an
important role in thermal protection systems subjected to serious aerodynamic
heat.
Thermal degradation process of polysulfone aramid fiber
Authors: Zhu Fang-Long , Feng Qian-Qian , Xin Qun , Zhou Yu
Published: February 2015

Polysulfone aramid fiber is one kind of high temperature fibers. In the
paper, thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of polysulfone aramid fiber
were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential
thermogravimetric at different heating rates under nitrogen and air,
respectively. The experimental results show that its initial degradation
temperature is 375?C in nitrogen and 410?C in air at heating rate of 10
K/min. When temperature went to 800?C, the fiber loses all mass in air. The
mass losses in the stage showed that degradation of polysulfone aramid occurs
in two-step process as could be concluded by the presence of two distinct
exothermic peaks in differential thermogravimetric curves.
Solar ejector refrigerant system in China’s residential buildings
Authors: Zheng Hui-Fan , Fan Xiao-Wei , Wang Fang , Tian Guo-Ji
Published: February 2015

A simulation program describing the performance of solar ejector refrigerant
system for air conditioning of China?s residential buildings was established.
Hourly performance of the system under different operate conditions, the
collector efficiency, coefficient of performance, cooling capacity and
cooling load were analyzed. It is found that the collector efficiency and the
overall coefficient of performance increase first and then decline, and it
can be concluded that the application of solar ejector refrigerant system
will have a better developmental prospect in China?s residential buildings.
Heat pump air conditioning system for pure electric vehicle at ultra-low temperature
Authors: Li Hai-Jun , Zhou Guang-Hui , Li An-Gui , Li Xu-Ge , Li Ya-Nan , Chen Jie
Published: February 2015

When the ordinary heat pump air conditioning system of a pure electric
vehicle runs at ultra-low temperature, the discharge temperature of
compressor will be too high and the heating capacity of the system will decay
seriously, it will lead to inactivity of the heating system. In order to
solve this problem, a modification is put forward, and an experiment is also
designed. The experimental results show that in the same conditions, this new
heating system increases more than 20% of the heating capacity; when the
outside environment temperature is negative 20 degrees, the discharge
temperature of compressor is below 60 degrees.
Performance evaluation of heat pump system using R744/R161 mixture refrigerant
Authors: Zhang Xian-Ping , Wei Xin-Li , Fan Xiao-Wei , Ju Fu-Jun , Yang Lei
Published: February 2015

As an efficient and energy conservation technology, heat pumps working with
R22, which are scheduled to be phased out by Montreal Protocol, are widely
used in China at present. The global deteriorating ecology environment would
accelerate the phase-out time of R22 in developing countries. Therefore, as a
matter of urgency, an eco-friendly substitute should be investigated in order
to replace R22. Under this context, and with a consideration of the
environmental protection, R744/R161 mixture refrigerant is proposed.
R744/R161 mixture refrigerant?s condensation pressure is reduced and its
flammability and explosivity are suppressed. A thermodynamic model is
developed, and under the given working conditions, the performances of
subcritical heat pump system using R744/R161 mixture of variable mass
fraction are discussed and compared with those of the R22 system. The optimal
mass fraction of R744/R161 is given, which corresponds to a maximal heating
coefficient of performance. The simulation results show that R744/R161
mixture can work as a competitive alternative to R22 in heat pump system.
Cuttings-carried theory and erosion rule in gas drilling horizontal well
Authors: Wei Na , Meng Ying-Feng , Li Gao , Li Yong-Jie , Liu An-Qi , Long Jun-Xi , Xin Chun-Yan , Wen Sheng-Bin
Published: February 2015

In gas horizontal drilling, the gas with cuttings will go through the annulus
at high speed which will lead strong erosion to the drill tools. This paper
proposes a cuttings-carried theory and modified the critical cuttings-carried
model for the gas-solid flow. Meanwhile, the erosive energy is obtained
through simulating the gas-solid mixture in different conditions. The study
result has positive significance on the determination of reasonable injection
volume by optimizing construction parameters of horizontal well in gas
drilling.
Effect of degumming ph value on electrospining of silk fibroin
Authors: Lu Shen-Zhou , Zhang Xiao-Ping , Wang Juan , Xing Tie-Ling , Jin Jian
Published: February 2015

Regenerated silk fibroin fibers show properties dependent on the molecular
weight of fibroin. The cocoon-degumming approaches had great impact on the
degradation of silk fibroin. The effect of degumming pH value to
electrospining of fibroin was studied in this paper. The viscosity and
molecular weight of regenerated silk fibroin were studied using rheometer and
gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the weaker the alkalinity of
degumming reagent, there was the milder the effect on silk fibroin molecular.
The fibroin fibers can be prepared by electrospining with low concentration
of regenerated silk fibroin solution.
Assessing Diachronic Reasoning: Exploratory Measures of Perceived Self-Change in Young Adults
Authors: Hertler Steven C. , Krauss Herbert , Ward Alfred
Published: February 2015

Personal persistence, the subjective perception of self-sameness through time, is implied or explicitly asserted in nearly all modern theories of self and identity. Recently, personal persistence has become the subject of inquiry and argument, most directly due to Galen Strawson, who recently described himself as experiencing a distinct series of non-defective and non-pathological selves, each phenomenologically independent of the other. Using a combination of previously published, modified, and newly constructed measures, the present study, in an attempt to provide empirical information relevant to the theoretical treatments of personal persistence, assembled an assessment battery of assumptively intercorrelated personal persistence measures, which collectively provided dichotomous, linear, quantitative, and qualitative information about the experience of self-persistence in a sample of 177 mostly female college students between the ages of 18 and 44 years.