bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Design of Plant Fibres as Biomimetic Composites
Authors: Santulli Carlo
Published: February 2022

Las fibras vegetales, que se basan en estructuras ligno-celulósicas, están dispuestas como compuestos biomiméticos, en el sentido de que incluyen una relación compleja entre una matriz más blanda y un refuerzo más duro a través de una interfaz, con uso continuo de porosidades y arreglos celulares. Sin embargo, las fibras se pueden extraer de diferentes partes de la planta según la especie, en la práctica del tallo, la corteza, el fruto, la hoja o incluso la semilla. Existe una relación entre la región de las fibras y su estructura, que este trabajo pretende discutir, presentando una gran variedad de fibras, geometrías y colocaciones en la propia planta.
Biomimetic approach for experimentation and digital fabrication with bio-based material: the lightness and resistance of the Agave Sisalana
Authors: Barbosa de Araújo Rodrigo , Vieira de Arruda Amilton José , Lino Alves Jorge , Carvalho Araújo Paulo
Published: February 2022

La bioinspiración en las estrategias de diseño de la naturaleza alineadas con la fabricación digital, tienen gran relevancia para la resolución de problemas con un enfoque en la aplicación sistemática de información biológica para la emulación de elementos naturales. Actualmente, las posibilidades están dadas por las últimas tecnologías, sistemas de producción y el desarrollo de nuevas estructuras y materiales. Esta investigación explora la investigación de la biología, el uso de la computación paramétrica y la fabricación digital, incluyendo experimentos con materiales sostenibles como dimensiones inseparables del diseño bioinspirado. Las fibras de Agave Sisalana tienen excelentes propiedades de ligereza y resistencia proporcionadas por el patrón estructural de las paredes celulares y sus propiedades materiales. Presentarse como un sistema natural de inspiración biomimética y experimentación de materiales bioinspirados.
La moda femenina española en el Siglo de las Luces: concepto y diseños
Authors: Rosillo Bárbara
Published: February 2022

Las cartas de dote y los inventarios de bienes constituyen una herramienta esencial para el estudio de la indumentaria a lo largo de la Edad Moderna. Esta tipología documental arroja un valioso caudal de información acerca de los usos suntuarios, confirmando la crucial importancia de la moda como signo diferenciador de estatus y su alto costo en comparación con otros elementos del ajuar doméstico. A principios del siglo XVIII la moda a la francesa está ya plenamente instaurada en España, lo que supone una drástica transformación en el atuendo femenino, no solamente a nivel formal, sino a su propia concepción.
İki Millet Bir Bahçe: “Millet Bahçeleri” Haberlerinde Farklı Millet Tanımları
Authors: YÜCEBAŞ Mesut , YÜCEBAŞ Semiray
Published: February 2022

Kent mekanları ve bunlara ilişkin düzenlemeler politik alandan bağımsız düşünülemezler. Buradaki çalışma Türkiye’de politik çatışmanın kentsel mekân üzerinden okunabileceğini iddia etmektedir. Özellikle son dönemde, Türkiye’nin birçok farklı şehrinde millet bahçelerinin inşa edilmesi gündeme gelmiş ve bu durum kamuoyunda tartışmalara neden olmuştur. Millet bahçeleri iktidar partisi tarafından yeşil dönüşümün bir parçası olmanın yanı sıra milletin her kesimine ait bir mekân olarak sunulmuştur. Mekânın bu sunumunda popülist siyasal söylemin izleri bulunmaktadır. Türkiye’deki millet bahçelerine yönelik kentsel dönüşümler gazete haberlerine de yansımıştır. Bu haberlerde farklı kentlerdeki popülist dille tanımlanan millet bahçelerinin zaman zaman politik alanın çatışmalı diline tahvil edildiği ve bu dilde de iki tür halk ve millet kavramının öne çıktığı gözlemlenmektedir. Çalışmada özellikle millet bahçelerine yönelik siyasi ve kamusal aktörlerin söylemlerinin basındaki yansımaları ve politik söylemde iki farklı politik millet tahayyülünün nasıl üretilmekte olduğu incelenmektedir. Çalışmada bu amaçla biri iktidara diğeri de ana muhalefete yakın olmak üzere farklı siyasal pozisyonlara sahip iki popüler gazetedeki (Sabah ve Sözcü) millet bahçeleri haberleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada konuyla ilgili haberlerde millete yönelik tanımlamalar, karşıtlıklar ve sözcük tercihlerinin nasıl gerçekleştiği eleştirel söylem analizi yöntemine dayanarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemede iki farklı gazetede birbirleriyle çatışan iki farklı millet tahayyülünün ortaya çıktığı görülmektedir. Sözcü Gazetesi’nde bu millet, direnen ve mağdur bir karaktere sahipken, Sabah Gazetesi’nde çoktan kendini kanıtlamıştır.
Do Inter‑Municipal Cooperation Unions Differ in Their Policies Depending on Their Size? Evidence from Poland
Authors: Chodakowska
Published: February 2022

The literature on inter‑municipal cooperation (IMC) focusing on the characteristics of its members and factors driving a decision to start cooperating is abundant. Various studies indicate that small municipalities are particularly vulnerable to economies of scale and scope, hence they are more likely to start cooperating than bigger units. On the other hand, small municipalities face incentives to free‑ride on bigger local governments due to spillovers. However, it is unclear if there exists a nexus between the size of IMC entities (measured by population) and types of tasks performed jointly by their partners (often of a different number). This paper aims to fill the existing gap by testing whether a share of expenditures on one of the three categories of tasks (‘economies of scale and scope tasks,’ ‘spillover tasks’ and ‘multi tasks’) in total expenditures incurred jointly differs significantly depending on the size of an IMC entity. For that purpose, the Kruskal‑Wallis rank test was used. To pinpoint which specific medians are statistically different from the others in each year of analysis, Dunn’s multiple comparison test with the Bonferroni adjustment was performed. The research is based on Polish inter‑municipal unions (IMC‑unions) and their financial statements over the period 2003–2018 and covers 2,541 observations. The results show that the vast majority of statistically significant differences were observed in the share of expenditures on ‘economies of scale and scope tasks’ in total expenditures, suggesting that very small IMC‑unions spent more of their budget on these tasks than medium‑sized IMC‑unions and small IMC‑unions (over several years). No significant differences were noted in the share of ‘spillover’ expenditures. Significant differences in ‘multi’ expenditures occurred only in 2017 and 2018, indicating that small IMC‑unions spent more than very small IMC‑unions. These first results add to the existing literature by driving a conclusion that smaller IMC‑unions concentrate more on reducing per capita spending.
Exploring Communicative Gestures in Czech Persons with Diagnosed Aphasia
Authors: Janečka Martin
Published: February 2022

In my investigation, I worked with 6 persons with diagnosed aphasia. I introduce some possible perspectives on the exploration of the extent of speech damage in persons with aphasia and the various ways in which they substitute for language deficiency with the aid of gestures.

From the viewpoint of data processing methods, on the one hand, I explore the parameters of spoken language, such as the quantity of words, and, on the other hand, the parameters of gestures, such as the quantity of gestures, diversity of gestures, etc. In aphasic persons speaking Czech, I verify the following assumption established by Jakob et al. (2011): the more speech-limited an aphasic person is, the more gestures he/she produces during the interpretation of a story.

It was found that the number of words produced by aphasic persons varies, partially dependent on the specific type of aphasia. This is particularly true on both ends of the scale – people with large speech distortion use the highest quantity of gestures, people with low speech distortion use gestures to a lesser extent. Within the classification of semantic gestures, I focus particularly on iconic and deictic gestures. In addition, I presume that symbolic gestures (i.e. emblems) do not occur in aphasic persons’ speech, because aphasic persons prefer gestures that display the plot in the most concrete way.

My data correlate with other studies dealing with this topic – aphasic persons do use gestures intentionally to substitute for their verbal deficiency. At the same time, they mostly use very concrete (iconic) gestures, which enable them to transmit a large volume of information.
Processing Presuppositions. Are Implicative Verbs Soft Triggers?
Authors: Włodarczyk Mateusz
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates the question whether implicative verbs should be considered as soft presupposition triggers, i.e., as triggers activating optional context repairs. I present the results of an experiment in which test subjects were asked to read short dialogues containing either presupposition triggers or conversational implicatures and, next, answer the questions regarding the information communicated on the level of presupposition or implicatures, respectively. The results of within-subject ANOVA show that presuppositions activated by the use of implicative verbs are significantly less accessible and illicit significantly longer response times than presuppositions activated by the use of hard triggers, suggesting that they can be classified as soft presupposition triggers. The obtained results also show that presuppositions activated by the use of different triggers are heterogenous in regards to the accessibility of information.
Online Emotion Regulation for an Adolescent With Misophonia: A Case Study
Authors: Zarotti Nicolò , Tuthill Amber , Fisher Paul
Published: February 2022

Misophonia is a novel diagnosis characterised by extreme and uncontrollable autonomic reactions and emotional responses to selective auditory stimuli, which can significantly impair an individual’s daily life. No agreed diagnostic criteria are currently available for misophonia, and any therapeutic guidance is yet to be formalised. In this case study, a tailored psychological intervention based on the cognitive model and developed around emotion regulation principles and techniques was adopted to treat misophonia in a 16-year-old female from the United Kingdom. The treatment lasted for 15 weeks and was delivered online due to the ongoing COVID-19 social distancing regulations. The results showed that the intervention was feasible and acceptable, and effective at reducing levels of misophonic symptoms from severe to moderate/mild while also improving emotion dysregulation and overall anxiety and depression. Particular improvements were observed for specific skills such as acceptance and awareness of emotional responses and increased access to emotion regulation strategies. These findings also translated into a number of reported daily life improvements in the client’s psychological and social well-being. As the current evidence base on misophonia continues to develop, more methodologically rigorous research is warranted to build on the present findings and inform the adoption of further psychotherapeutic approaches to treat this new condition.
DESENVOLVIMENTO RURAL SUSTENTÁVEL E A TECNOLOGIA FOTOVOLTAICA NA REGIÃO ADMINISTRATIVA DE UMUARAMA - PR
Authors: Talarico da Silva Micheletti Igor , Belusso Diane
Published: February 2022

A energia solar fotovoltaica tem se mostrado como uma eficiente tecnologia energética renovável, aliada no fomento ao desenvolvimento sustentável. As considerações propostas nesse artigo objetivam analisar os aspectos e conceitos de sustentabilidade ao longo do tempo. Especificamente, visa abranger a tecnologia fotovoltaica como parte do desenvolvimento rural sustentável na Região Administrativa de Umuarama do estado do Paraná. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativa de viés voltado nas teorias de sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento sustentável. Buscou-se compreender os impactos da aplicação de tecnologia na promoção do desenvolvimento rural sustentável, destacando a influência das políticas públicas e da extrafiscalidade no contexto regional. Os resultados apresentados neste trabalho mostram que a aplicação da tecnologia fotovoltaica no setor rural é um fenômeno mundial que está ascendendo na região estudada e no estado do Paraná.
BAMBUSA TULDOIDES: ANÁLISE DE VIABILIDADE DA PRODUÇÃO DE COMPÓSITOS DE FIBRAS DE BAMBU E ACETATO DE POLIVINILA
Authors: Pedrangelo Alessandra De Castro Silva , Rufato Diegle Barbosa , Moreiras Sergio Trajano Franco
Published: February 2022

Embora o aumento da população mundial tenha gerado um avanço substancial no consumo da madeira o fornecimento deste material tanto das florestas naturais quanto de reflorestamentos tem diminuído. Conforme Mera (2014) a alternativa para a substituição da madeira é o bambu pois é o material mais notável para diminuição da pressão sobre os recursos naturais florestais. Esta pesquisa apresentou a avaliação da potencialidade para confecção de painéis compósitos de partículas de bambu da espécie Bambusa tuldoides com PVAc. Foram avaliadas as propriedades físicas e mecânicas do compósito segundo as normas ABNT NBR 14810-2 (2013), NBR 7190 (1997), ANSI A208 (1999), EN 310 (1993), WPIF 2G (2018) para a determinação da densidade, inchamento em espessura, absorção d’água, Módulo de Elasticidade e Módulo de Ruptura em ensaios de compressão e flexão. Apesar da diversidade, os resultados da presente pesquisa foram satisfatórios e, portanto, indicam potencialidade tecnológica para a produção de painéis compósitos.
CAMPANHA CICLO SIETE 2021: JUNTOS PELA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Barbado Norma , De Oliveira dos Santos Patrícia Aguiar , Wedekind Joyce Ronquim , De Oliveira Adeilson Moizés , De Sá Simplício Maria Eduarda
Published: February 2022

Esse trabalho apresenta um relato de ações executadas durante a campanha Ciclo Siete 2021 com o objetivo principal de promover diálogos e despertar reflexões sobre a importância da preservação da Amazônia. Esta companha internacional, com iniciativa da Colômbia, é pautada na Agenda 2030 e nos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Diante disso, estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação de Umuarama, PR, Brasil, estabeleceram ações de extensão, no viés da macrotendência crítica da educação ambiental, promovendo troca de experiências entre instituições de ensino de diferentes localidades com a comunidade em geral. Assim, a mobilidade e articulação dos atores envolvidos foi observada na divulgação da mensagem: “Juntos pela Amazônia”, no pensamento de que a tarefa da preservação desse bioma abrange um território muito além de sua região geográfica. A efetivação das ações foi pautada no tripé da sustentabilidade, no intuito de demonstrar que a destruição da Amazônia implica em consequências ambientais, econômicas e sociais.
Unravelling Transmission in Epidemiological Models and its Role in the Disease-Diversity Relationship
Authors: Toorians Marjolein  E.M. , MacPherson Ailene , Davies T. Jonathan
Published: February 2022

With the decrease of biodiversity worldwide coinciding with an increase in disease outbreaks, investigating this link is more important then ever before. This review outlines the different modelling methods commonly used for pathogen transmission in animal host systems. There are a multitude of ways a pathogen can invade and spread through a host population. The assumptions of the transmission model used to capture disease propagation determines the outbreak potential, the net reproductive success (R0). This review offers an insight into the assumptions and motivation behind common transmission mechanisms and introduces a general framework with which contact rates, the most important parameter in disease dynamics, determines the transmission method. By using a general function introduced here and this general transmission model framework, we provide a guide for future disease ecologists for how to pick the contact function that best suites their system. Additionally, this manuscript attempts to bridge the gap between mathematical disease modelling and the controversially and heavily debated disease-diversity relationship, by expanding the summarized models to multiple hosts systems and explaining the role of host diversity in disease transmission. By outlining the mechanisms of transmission into a stepwise process, this review will serve as a guide to model pathogens in multi-host systems. We will further describe these models it in the greater context of host diversity and its effect on disease outbreaks, by introducing a novel method to include host species’ evolutionary history into the framework.
Grain Boundary Segregation In Steels: Towards Engineering The Design Of Internal Interfaces
Authors: Saha Mainak
Published: February 2022

Solute decoration at grain boundaries (GB) leads to a number of phenomenon such as changes in interface structure, mobility, cohesion etc. Recent experimental investigations on interfacial segregation in steels are based on microstructural characterisation using two correlative methodologies, namely, Transmission Electron Microscopy-Atom Probe Tomography (APT) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction-APT. Considering the growing interest in this avenue, the present review is aimed at addressing the common adsorption isotherms used for quantifying interfacial segregation and providing an overview of the present state of experimental research in the area of GB segregation in steels. The areas where an understanding of GB segregation may be utilised have also been highlighted with a focus on the experimental challenges associated with understanding GB segregation in steels.
Predictors of Adrenal and Gonadal Hormones in Relation to Biological and Management Factors Among Captive Red Pandas in Indian Zoos
Authors: Khan Aamer Sohel , Brown Janine , Kumar Vinod , Umapathy Govindswamy , Baskaran Nagarajan
Published: February 2022

Animals in human care are affected by stressors that can ultimately reduce fitness. When reproduction is affected, endangered species’ conservation programmes can be severely compromised. Thus, understanding factors related to stress and reproduction, and measures of related hormones, are important to ensure captive breeding success. Red pandas are endangered and populations in the wild are threatened with extinction. A global captive breeding programme has been launched to conserve the species with the goal of reintroduction. However there is little informaiton on how stressors impact reproductive aspects of the species. This study measured fecal glucocorticoid (fGCM), fecal progestagen (fPM) and fecal androgen (fAM) metabolite concentrations in 12 female and 8 male red pandas (Ailurus fulgens fulgens) at three zoos in northeastern India to determine predictors of adrenal and gonadal steroid activity and the influence of fGCM on reproduction. Results indicated that fGCM concentrations were higher in males than females, and positively correlated with number of visitors, while negatively related to frequency of feedings and enclosure area. Sex, visitor number, frequency of feeding, and enclosure area explained 67% of the variations in fGCM concentrations in the study population. Concentrations of fPM were positively associated with tree density in the enclosure, explaining 47% of the variation among females. For fAM, positive associations were found with frequency of feeding, but concentrations were negatively related to age and number of visitors; these three covariates explained 45% of the variation in fAM concentration among males. Comparison of fGCM with fPM showed a negative trend, indicating increasing adrenal hormones may decrease reproductive function among female red pandas. The study thus suggests that zoo management should consider increasing feeding frequency, providing larger enclosures with more trees, and regulating visitor numbers to reduce stress and increase reproductive fitness among red pandas.
Paleoclimatic Interactions And Population Development At Tacna-peru: The Archaic Of Southern Peru And Its Unknowns
Authors: Osorio Soto Gary Martín
Published: February 2022

The Environmental interactions contributed to the processes of settlement and development of the first settlers at southern Peru 15,000 BC. The determination of this process is based on paleoclimatic studies at southern Peru and ethnoarchaeological evidence. The determination of this process is based on paleoclimatic studies of southern Peru and ethnoarchaeological evidence; establishing as a result of this analysis the hypothesis of environmental interaction and territorial occupation of the first hunter-gatherer populations until their consolidation, dominating the geographical space from Tacna. The Disruptive disaster events and their effects on climate during the Peruvian Paleolithic resulted in the origin of local societies that shaped the Tiawanaku societies of the early horizon at Southern Peru and Northern Chile.
Hydroxiapatite (HAp) Bioceramics Made from The Caletaiya presclupta Snail Shells from Poso Lake
Authors: Gintu Agung Rimayanto , Kristiani Elisabeth Betty Elok , Martono Yohanes
Published: February 2022

Bioceramic Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was a derivated chemical synthetic compound from calcium phosphate commonly used to care for hard tissue damage. Bioceramic Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized from the compounds rich with calcium contains. This study treated the synthesis and physicochemical Characterization of the HAp made from Celetaiya persclupta snail shells obtained from Poso lake. From the characterization of the sample C. presclupta shells obtained the water contains 0.50±0.00%; ash contains 0.9913±0.0017g/g; potassium 0.0005±0.00007g/g; calcium 0.0391±0.0059g/g; phosphate 0.0221±0.0009g/g; phosphorus 0.0111±0.0005  and the ratio of  Ca/P 1.7382±0.1994%. The synthesis of HAp by base precipitation method showed the yield of synthesis 85.2891±4.2496% with the level of material reduction during synthesis 18.0442±1.1684%. The result of characterization of the HAp showed that the potassium contains 0.0002±0.00003g/g; calcium 0.0121±0.0031g/g; phosphate 0.0167±0.0013g/g; phosphorus 0.0084±0.0007g/g; ratio of Ca/P 1.3724±0.2736%; porosity 9.9929±0.7626%; swelling ability 24.8416±1.4989%; and biodegradability 10.8958±1.1781%. The overall results concluded that the C. presclupta snail shells could become a source of Bioceramic Hydroxyapatite (HAp).

 
The bioactive of Pinus merkusii needle and bark extract as antioxidantand anti-aging
Authors: Ramadhani Febryana , Girsang Ermi , Florenly Florenly
Published: February 2022

Pinus merkusii is a native pine species to Southeast Asia and has used as an oleoresins source and raw material for pulp and paper industries. This plant also possesses several biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory and larvicidal activity. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antiaging activity of P. merkusii needle and bark. The qualitative phytochemical screening was used to evaluate the presence of secondary metabolites compounds. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) methods evaluated the antioxidant activity, and an anti-tyrosinase assay was used to evaluate the antiaging activity. Phytochemical analysis showed flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids in both extracts. Bark extract showed the presence of saponins and triterpenoids, while needle extract possesses steroids. The antioxidant activity (IC50) of P. merkusii bark extract was 59.32 ± 1.74 µg/mL, stronger than needle extract (68.67 ± 1.47 µg/mL). Also, the bark extract showed higher inhibitory activity of tyrosinase (IC50) 74.97 ± 1.54 µg/mL than needle extract (96.08 ± 1.77 µg/mL). From this investigation, P. merkusii bark extracts appeared to have more potential as a natural source of antioxidants and antiaging and might be beneficial in these subjects.
Optimizing of Competitive Adsorption Methylene Blue and Methyl Orange using Natural Zeolite from Ende-Flores
Authors: Ngapa Yulius Dala , Gago Jumilah
Published: February 2022

Waste from the textile industry is considered a potential source of environmental pollution, especially water, because it contains dangerous dyes. In this research, natural zeolite is an effective and efficient alternative to overcome pollution caused by methylene blue and methyl orange dyes. Activation of natural zeolite was carried out with 3 M HCl solution and was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Simultaneously, the methylene blue and methyl orange adsorption processes were studied in variations in the weight of the adsorbent, contact time, and pH. The concentration of dyes left in the solution was observed with UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of natural zeolite in absorbing methylene blue was 21.189 mg / g and methyl orange was 18.208 mg / g. The optimum conditions of dyes adsorption are achieved with successive adsorbent weights 0.3 g and 0,4 g, following contact times 60 minutes and 90 minutes, and successive pH 6 and 2. The adsorbent weight factor, contact time, and pH affect the adsorption of dyes by natural zeolite from  Ende.
FLUOROSENSOR OF Hg2+ AND Cu2+ HEAVY METAL IONS FROM COMPLEX COMPOUND OF Co2+ AND para-di-2-(1-phenyl-3-pyridyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5-yl)benzene LIGAND
Authors: Syahputri Yulian , Kusumawardani Linda Jati
Published: February 2022

Industrial activities like waste disposals and domestic activities may produce wastes in form of heavy metal like Hg2+ and Cu2+. The purpose of this research is to synthesize the complex compound of metal ion Co2+ and para-di-2-(1-phenyl-3-pyridyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-5-il)benzene ligand and its potentials as the fluorosensor of Hg2+ and Cu2+ heavy metal ions. Complex compounds are characterized with fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, and spectrofluorometer. After that, complex compound fluorosensor study is conducted by adding Hg2+ and Cu2+ heavy metal ions using spectrofluorometer. The results show that the synthesis of complex compound generates brownish yellow sediment with the yield of 36% and melting point of 243.2oC. The result of characterization with FTIR (KBr, cm-1) generates 3060.65 (C-H aromatic), 2851-2919.46 (C-H pyridine), 2363.23 and 1640.14 (C=N), 1493.24-1594.5 (C=C), and 1326.38-1019.74 (C-N). The result of ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer scanning obtains two absorption peaks on 250 nm and 366 nm in the concentration of 5x10-5 M with the respective molar absorptivity of log Ɛ 4.44 and log Ɛ 4.23. High molar absorptivity value shows that the complex compound has high fluorescence intensity. It is proven with the generation of emission fluorescence intensity of 1150 a.u. at the wavelength of 470 nm. The study of complex compound fluorescence in the addition of Hg2+ and Cu2+ heavy metal ions with spectrofluorometer shows that the complex compound in the addition of Hg2+ heavy metal ion can be made as fluorosensor with turn-on type while the complex compound in the addition of Cu2+ heavy metal ion can be made as fluorosensor with turn-off type.
Is It Time to Create Training Pathways Allowing Earlier Subspecialization within the “House of Orthopaedics”?
Authors: Hart Robert A. , Daniels Alan H. , Shah Kalpit , Amendola A. Annunziato , Harner Christopher D. , Marsh L. Lawrence , Kenter Keith , Hu Serena
Published: February 2022

The ability to train an orthopaedic resident in all aspects of orthopaedics in 5 years has become increasingly difficult due to the growth in knowledge and techniques, work-hour restrictions, and reduced resident autonomy. It has become nearly universal for our residents to complete at least 1 subspecialty fellowship prior to entering practice. In some subspecialties, the skills necessary to practice competently have become difficult to master. Simply adding to the current length of training may not address these issues effectively and would add to the economic cost of residency training. Novel training pathways that allow residents to focus earlier and in greater depth on their intended subspecialty while maintaining general orthopaedic competencies can be created without lengthening training. It is time to initiate discussions about these possibilities.
Sistema de alojamento durante a prenhez sobre os parâmetros comportamentais, reprodutivos e sanitários de porcas
Authors: Perini J.E.G.N. , Ludtke C.B. , Carmo N. , Peripolli V. , Tanure C.B. , Seixas L. , McManus C.
Published: February 2022

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar se os parâmetros comportamentais, reprodutivos e de saúde podem diferir entre as porcas alojadas individualmente durante a gestação (Individual) ou alojadas em grupos entre os dias 3 a 5 (Grupo5) ou 38 a 42 (Grupo42) após a inseminação. Após a inseminação, 198 porcas de uma mesma granja comercial foram alocadas aleatoriamente em um dos três tratamentos, denominados sistema Individual, Grupo5 e Grupo42. Houve interação entre o sistema de alojamento e o tempo de gestação sobre os parâmetros comportamentais. A prevalência de porcas com comportamento ativo foi maior no sistema Individual do que nos sistemas em grupos. As porcas no sistema Individual apresentaram maior prevalência de comportamento exploratório do que as porcas no sistema Grupo5. As porcas no sistema Individual apresentaram menor prevalência de problemas de saúde, como vulva e lesões corporais e esterco no corpo, e maior prevalência de prolapso retal e constipação do que as porcas nos sistemas de grupos. As porcas no sistema Grupo42 apresentaram maior número de leitões nascidos vivos, total de leitões nascidos e menor período de gestação do que as porcas no sistema Individual. Menor número de fetos mumificados e maior número de natimortos e natimortos tipo 2 foram associados a porcas no sistema Grupo5. As porcas no sistema Grupo5 apresentaram redução de problemas de saúde, como prolapso retal e bursite e inflamação de pele, além de resfriados, e diminuíram o nível de estresse pois apresentaram maior expressão de comportamento social positivo e diminuição de comportamentos estereotipados, além de manterem os parâmetros reprodutivos semelhantes àquelas do sistema Individual.
Suplemento de selenio y zinc en la cubrición y preparto en ovejas Merino Australiano
Authors: Irabuena J.E.G.N. , Sterla C.B. , Fernández Abella N.
Published: February 2022

Se estudió el efecto de la administración de un suplemento con Selenio y/o Zinc, sobre la fertilidad, prolificidad y producción de carne en ovejas Merinas Australianas pastoreando campo natural de basalto, en la Región Norte del Uruguay. Se diseñaron cuatro lotes: 1.Selenio (Se) inyectable, 2.- Zinc (Zn) bolo intraruminal de óxido de zinc, 3.- Selenio- Zinc (Se-Zn), y grupo Control (C). Veintiún días pre-cubrición se suplementó y, 21 días preparto se formaron subgrupos, alimentando a un subgrupo con 5mg de selenito de sodio por animal. Los grupos suplementados pre-cubrición mostraron diferencia significativa en la fertilidad sobre el grupo C. Los lotes 1.- y 3.- presentaron el mayor porcentaje de partos respecto a los lotes 2.- y C (p
Emekli Bireylerin Emek Arzını Etkileyen Unsurların Nested Logit Model İle Analizi
Authors: ÖNDER Kübra
Published: February 2022

Emek arzı, birçok faktörlerden etkilenmektedir. Bu faktörlerden biri de gelirdir. Kazanılan gelire bağlı olarak bireyler boş zaman ve çalışma alternatifleri arasında tercihte bulunmaktadırlar. Emek piyasasında yer alan bireylerin bazıları emekli olmalarına rağmen çalışmayı boş zamana tercih etmekte ve emek piyasasında aktif rol almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, emekli erkeklerin yarı veya tam zamanlı çalışma tercihinde etkili olan faktörleri Nested Logit Model ile analiz etmektir. Çalışmada, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumundan temin edilen 2018 yılı “Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi” B mikro veri setinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın kapsamını, 52 ve üstü yaş grubunda yer alan ve emekli olmasına rağmen hala işgücü piyasasında yarı veya tam zamanlı olarak çalışan erkekler oluşturmaktadır. Analizde, emekli bireylerin emek arzında; üst dalda emeklilik geliri, hanedeki diğer bireylerin geliri ve hane büyüklüğü değişkenlerinin alt dalda ise bu değişkenlerin yanı sıra çalışma karşılığı elde edilen gelir, sağlık durumu ve yaş değişkenlerinin etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Praktik Reksadana Online Syariah pada Aplikasi Bibit dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam
Authors: Maulana Diky Faqih , Rozak Abdul
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik reksadana online syariah pada aplikasi Bibit dalam tinjauan hukum Islam. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan normatif yang mendasarkan nash dan ijtihad para ulama sebagai upaya pemberian norma terhadap objek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, praktik reksadana online syariah pada aplikasi Bibit sudah sama dengan DSN Nomor 20/DSN-MUI/IV/2001 tentang pedoman pelaksanaan investasi untuk reksadana syariah. Dilihat dari fikih muamalat, juga telah memenuhi unsur dan syarat akad berupa para pihak, ijab dan kabul, objek akad dan tujuan akad. Transaksi dalam Bibit telah memenuhi beberapa asas akad seperti prinsip kesamaan (mabda’ at-tawazun fi a-mu’awadah), prinsip kebaikan dan prinsip dapat dipercaya. Adanya pengawasan oleh Dewan Pengawas Syariah dalam sistem tata kelola syariah (shariah governance) dan OJK yang mengevaluasi setiap 6 bulan terhadap Daftar Efek Syariah.  Batasan Bibit terhadap maksimal rasio utang aset perusahaan sebesar 45%, penerapan prinsip Socially Responsible Investment (SRI), gratis biaya transfer, gratis biaya komisi, bebas pajak, bisa menambah atau mencairkan dana kapan saja merupakan suatu implementasi maqashid as-syariah. Namun perlu dievaluasi kembali terkait bank kustodian yang masih memakai bank konvensional atau non syariah. [This study aims to analyze the practice of sharia online mutual funds in the Bibit application in Islamic law review.  This research is a descriptive analysis with a normative approach based on the texts and ijtihad of the Ulama as an effort to give norms to the object of research.  The results showed that overall, the practice of sharia online mutual funds in Bibit application was in accordance with the DSN Fatwa Number 20/DSN-MUI/IV/2001 regarding the guidelines for implementing investments for Islamic mutual funds.  Judging from the muamalat fiqh, it has also fulfilled the elements and conditions of the contract in the form of the parties, agreement , the object of the contract and the purpose of the contract.  Transactions in Bibit have fulfilled several contractual principles such as the principle of balance (mabda' at-tawazun fi a-mu'awadah), the principle of benefit and the principle of mandate.  There is supervision by the Sharia Supervisory Board in the sharia governance system and OJK which evaluates every 6 months the Sharia Securities List.  The limit of seeds to the maximum debt ratio of company assets is 45%, the application of the principles of Socially Responsible Investment (SRI), free transfer fees, free commission fees, tax free, being able to add or withdraw funds at any time is an implementation of maqashid as-sharia.  However, it needs to be re-evaluated regarding custodian banks that still use conventional or non-Islamic banks.]
Comparable Short- And Intermediate-Term Outcomes In Recipients of Single Kidney Transplants From Small Vs. Big Pediatric Donors
Authors: Liao Zhanchen , Jiang Tao , Liu Yiqi , Luo Zhigang
Published: February 2022

Purpose: To optimize the use of Single kidney transplantation (SKT) and evaluate outcomes in recipients of single kidney transplants from small pediatric donors, compared to big pediatric donors.Methods: A total of 85 SKTs from pediatric donors (≤18 years-old) were performed in our hospital between 2015 and 2020. Outcomes were compared for recipients of small donors (≤8 years-old; small-kidney group [SKG], n = 38) and big donors (9–18 years-old; big-kidney group [BKG], n = 47). Results: The SKG and BKG had no significant differences in patient survival at 1 year (100% vs. 100%), 3 years (100% vs. 97.0%), and 5 years (100% vs. 97.0%) and in graft survival at 1 year (97.4% vs. 97.9%), 3 years (92.9% vs. 94.9%), and 5 years (92.9% vs. 94.9%). The 5-year death-censored graft survival was 100% in the SKG and 97.9% in the BKG. The rate of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) was significantly greater in the SKG than the BKG (18.4% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.039).Conclusion: The clinical outcomes achieved by performing SKT from small pediatric donors are comparable to those achieved for SKT from big pediatric donors. These results support the use of SKT from young pediatric donors.Trial registration: (ClinicalTrials, gov number: ChiCTR2100044055)
Direct Measurement of Nonadditive van der Waals Forces From Graphene Nanostacks
Authors: Tkatchenko Alexandre , Gordiichuk Pavlo , Ambrosetti Alberto , Strano Michael
Published: February 2022

Theoretical evidence suggests strong nonadditivity of van der Waals (vdW) forces at the nanoscale(1,2), but direct experimental confirmation is missing(3). By aligning the underlying surface sample with a macroscopic tipless Si cantilever, we present essentially noise-free vdW force measurements up to micrometer separations from multilayered graphene (MLG) nanostacks of variable thickness (1-21 layers) adsorbed on SiO2 as well as from macroscopically-thick highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). At contact cantilever-surface separation, the vdW force increases non-additively but monotonically from graphene to HOPG. Conversely, at separations D>100 nm the vdW forces from MLG exhibit tunable power laws and the magnitude of the force on top of thick MLG nanostacks substantially exceeds the force measured on top of HOPG, despite the latter showing a slower decaying power law (D^-4 for MLG vs D^-3 for HOPG). Such a strong nonadditivity and tunable power laws of vdW forces at the nanoscale are rationalized by many-body calculations that include the nonlocal polarization response in graphene nanostacks.
The Direct Cost of Dialysis in Patients With Chronic Renal Failure in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) in 2020
Authors: Touré Amadou Oury , Baldé Mamadou Dioulde , Diallo Aissatou , Camara Sadan , Soumah Anne Marie , Sall Alpha Oumar , Kourouma Karifa , Camara Bienvenu Salim , Bocoum Fadima Yaya , Kouanda Seni
Published: February 2022

Background: Chronic renal failure is a serious pathology requiring renal dialysis. The number of patients under dialysis has increased considerably in the world and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Dialysis is a very expensive care. This is the reason why this study on the costs of dialysis management was initiated in Burkina Faso. The study objective is to determine the direct medical and non-medical costs of managing chronic renal failure among patients undergoing dialysis in Ouagadougou in 2020.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected in the hemodialysis department of three public university hospitals in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. All dialysis patients with chronic renal failure were included in the study. Linear regression was used to investigate the determinants of the direct medical and non-medical cost of hemodialysis. Results: A total of 290 patients participated in this study, including children, adults, and the elderly with extremes of 12 and 82 years. Almost half of the patients (47.5%) had no income. The average monthly total direct cost across all patients was 75842 CFA or US$134.41.The average direct medical cost was 51315 CFA or US$90.94 and the average direct non-medical cost was 24 527 CFA or US$43.47. Most of the patients (45.2%) funded their hemodialysis by their own source. The multivariate analysis showed that the presence of an accompanying person during treatment, residing in a rural area, ambulatory care, use of personal cars, and treatment at the dialysis center of Yalgado Teaching Hospital were associated with higher direct costs.Conclusion: The average cost of dialysis services borne by the patient and his/her family is very high in Burkina Faso since itis 2.1 times higher than the inter-professional minimum wage in the country (34664 CFA or 61.4 $US). It appears that the precariousness of the means of subsistence strongly increases with the occurrence of chronic renal failure requiring dialysis. Thus, to alleviate the expenses borne by patients undergoing dialysis, it would be important to extend the state subsidy package to the costs of drugs and to promote health insurance to ensure equitable care for these patients.
Clinical evaluation of a new rapid fingerstick point-of-care microfluidic immunofluorescence assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: A prospective evaluation study
Authors: Ellis Jayne E. , Morgan Matthew , Simon William , Lawson Vicki , Lindner Nigel M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Antibody (Ab) Test is a point-of-care (POC) test that can use fingerstick samples in a rapid, high-sensitivity microfluidic immunofl­uorescence assay to qualitatively detect total antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The test was evaluated for clinical agreement using samples with lab-based antibody detection systems and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection status across POC settings.Methods: Plasma samples from participants (≥18 years) were collected from clinical studies and commercial suppliers for positive and negative agreement analysis using the Abbott ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG and RT-PCR as reference tests. Fingerstick application with capillary blood (applied directly or using transfer tube) from participants (≥18 years) was analysed following RT-PCR testing and evaluated against Abbott ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG, Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and RT-PCR test results. Cross-reactivity was analysed using samples with known related and high-prevalence pathogens. Application was performed by untrained users and ease of use of the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ab Test was investigated.Results: A positive agreement of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 92.9, 100%; n=50) was determined in comparison with the Abbott ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG test results and 97.2% (95% CI: 90.4, 99.2%; n=72) with RT-PCR, in samples obtained ≤118 days following RT-PCR testing. In participants without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 100% (95% CI: 94.5, 100%; n=66) negative agreement was established when evaluated against the Abbott ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG test and 100% (95% CI: 98.7, 100%; n=290) against RT-PCR testing. There was 100% agreement observed between capillary fingerstick application and Abbott ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG, Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 or RT-PCR results, as well as between sample application methods. There was no notable cross-reactivity with any of the tested pathogens and test operators indicated that the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ab Test was easy to use. Conclusion: The LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ab Test demonstrated excellent agreement when compared with lab-based antibody detection systems and RT-PCR test results, using capillary whole blood and plasma.
Molecular Architecture of PSMα1 Functional Amyloids
Authors: Elvati Paolo , Luyet Chloe , Wang Yichun , Liu Changjiang , VanEpps J , Kotov Nicholas , Violi Angela
Published: February 2022

Biofilms are structurally and functionally complex networks of bacteria and nanoscale macromolecules that play an important role in a myriad of settings from personal health and agriculture to power productions and fuel storage. Amyloid nanofibers are integral components of many biofilms and serve various purposes ranging from virulent to structural. Nonetheless, the precise characterization of bacterial amyloid nanofibers has been elusive, with incomplete and contradicting results. The present work focuses on the molecular details and characteristics of PSMα1 derived functional amyloids present in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, using a combination of computational and experimental techniques. Results from molecular dynamics simulations, guided and supported by a variety of experiments, show that nanoscale nanofibers present a helical structure formed by two-protofilament PSMα1 amyloid nanofibers. PSMα1 peptides assembles into cross-β
sheet structures with an average diameter of about 12 nm, adopting a left-handed helical structure with a periodicity of approximately 72 nm. Strikingly, the chirality of the self assembled nanofibers, an intrinsic geometric property of its constituent peptides, is central in determining the growth and shape of the fibers. The presented findings provide structural insights into the properties of the functional amyloids, hypothesize the role of chirality on the formation of fibers, and aid in strategies for the design of anti-amyloid compounds.
Multisensory GPS impact on spatial representation in an immersive virtual reality driving game
Authors: Seminati Laura , Hadnett-Hunter Jacob , Joiner Richard , Petrini Karin
Published: February 2022

Individuals are increasingly relying on GPS devices to orient and find their way in their environment and research has pointed to a negative impact of navigational systems on spatial memory. We used immersive virtual reality to examine whether an audio-visual navigational aid can counteract the negative impact of visual only or auditory only GPS systems. We also examined the effect of spatial representation preferences and abilities when using different GPS systems. Thirty-four participants completed an IVR driving game including 4 GPS conditions (No GPS; audio GPS; visual GPS; audio-visual GPS). After driving one of the routes in one of the 4 GPS conditions, participants were asked to drive to a target landmark they had previously encountered. The audio-visual GPS condition returned more accurate performance than the visual and no GPS condition. General orientation ability predicted the distance to the target landmark for the visual and the audio-visual GPS conditions, while landmark preference predicted performance in the audio GPS condition. Finally, the variability in end distance to the target landmark was significantly reduced in the audio-visual GPS condition when compared to the visual and audio GPS conditions. These findings support theories of spatial cognition and inform the optimisation of GPS designs.
Feasibility of COVID-19 control from a pandemic to endemic
Authors: Chen Tianmu , Zhao Zeyu , Niu Yan , Chu Meijie , Rui Jia , Wang Yao , Hu Shixiong , Luo Kaiwei , Deng Yan-qin , Ye Wen-Jing , Guo Zhinan , Su Yanhua , Zhao Ben-hua
Published: February 2022

Evaluations of the pandemic to endemic phase are a great concern, especially in Zero-COVID-19 countries. Herein, we developed a mathematical model to simulate future scenarios for the variants of concern (VOCs) in the condition of several immune barriers and controlling measures. The results demonstrated that the Omicron variant would lead to 592.0 (mean ± standard deviation (SD): 433.9–750.0) million symptomatic, 24.3 (mean ± SD: 17.4–312.8) million hospital admission, 9.6 (mean ± SD:7.0–12.3) million ICU admission, and 5.4 (mean ± SD:3.7–7.5) million death cases after simulation with 1,000 days. At the endemic phase, there were nearly 500 death cases per day attributed to reinfection (66% [range: 62–70%]), infection from birth (18% [range: 16–21%]), and infection from migration (16% [range: 14–17%]). Actively treating more than 80% of cases could effectively reduce disease severity and death rates. It is feasible to transmit pandemic to endemic with Omicron variant and other milder VOCs. We recommend that the successful transition strategy is to improve medical resource allocation and enhance the prevention and control capabilities of health agencies.