bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L-carnitine decreases myocardial injury in children undergoing open-heart surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: El Feky Wael , El-Afify Dalia , Abdelhai Dina , Elkashlan Mohamed , Fakhreldin Ahmed , El Amrousy Doaa
Published: April 2024

Myocardial injury in open-heart surgery is related to several factors including ischemia–reperfusion injury, generation of reactive oxygen species, increased production of inflammatory mediators, and enhancement of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. The aim of this study was to study the effect of L-carnitine on myocardial injury in children undergoing open-heart surgery. This clinical trial was performed on 60 children with congenital heart disease (CHD) who underwent open-heart surgery. They were randomized into two groups: L-carnitine group who received L-carnitine 50 mg\kg\day once daily for 1 month before cardiac surgery and control group who received placebo for 1 month before cardiac surgery. Left ventricular cardiac function was assessed by conventional echocardiography to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) to determine left ventricular global longitudinal strain (2D-LV GLS). Blood samples were obtained pre-operatively at baseline before the administration of L-carnitine or placebo and 12 h post-operatively to measure the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), fas, caspase-3, creatinine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and troponin I. L-carnitine group had significantly lower post-operative level of oxidative stress marker (MDA), apoptosis markers (fas and caspase-3), and myocardial injury markers (CK-MB and troponin I), but they had significantly higher SOD post-operative level compared to the control group. In addition, post-operative LVEF and 2D-LVGLS were significantly lower in the control group compared to L-carnitine group.

  Conclusion: L-carnitine can reduce myocardial injury, improve post-operative left ventricular cardiac function, and may provide myocardium protection in children with CHD who underwent open-heart surgery.

  Trial registration: The clinical trial was registered at www.pactr.org with registration number PACTR202010570607420 at 29/10/2020 before recruiting the patients.

What is Known:• Myocardial injury in open-heart surgery is related to several factors including ischemia–reperfusion injury, generation of reactive oxygen species, increased production of inflammatory mediators, and enhancement of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.• L-carnitine was reported to have myocardial protective effects in rheumatic valvular surgery and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in adults; however, there is no evidence on its effectiveness in children undergoing open-heart surgery.

What is New:• L-carnitine significantly lowered the post-operative level of oxidative stress marker (MDA), apoptosis markers (fas and caspase-3), and myocardial injury markers (CK-MB and troponin I) in the treatment group.• L-carnitine can reduce myocardial injury, improve post-operative left ventricular cardiac function, and may provide myocardium protection in children with CHD who underwent open-heart surgery.
The immunolocalization of adiponectin and its receptors in the testis of the frog Pelophylax bergeri
Authors: Simoncelli Francesca , Mercati Francesca , Di Rosa Ines , Palmioli Elisa , Dall’Aglio Cecilia , Marini Daniele , Fagotti Anna
Published: April 2024

In all vertebrates, reproductive strategies are achieved by modulation of the neuroendocrine system in a similar manner and with minor variations among the different classes. Most of the available information on amphibian testicular cycles derive from anurans, and among these, water frogs have been extensively studied in terms of reproductive mechanisms and sex steroid correlation. Adiponectin (AdipoQ) and its receptors—AdipoR1 and AdipoR2—are essential for most of the normal testicular and sperm functions. In this study, the identification of AdipoQ and its two receptors was carried out by immunohistochemistry in the testis of adult males of Pelophylax bergeri. The AdipoQ system was observed in the frog spermatogenic cysts, in both germinal and Sertoli cells, as well as in the rete testis. AdipoQ and AdipoR1 were localized in germ-line cells, from spermatogonia to round spermatids, while AdipoR2 was detected in the elongated spermatids, spermatozoa, and Sertoli cells. AdipoR1 was also observed in the intratesticular canals of the rete testis. This preliminary study shows the AdipoQ system’s presence in the anurans’ testis. The results obtained could be a starting point for future functional studies aimed at defining the physiological role of the AdipoQ system in frog testicular functions.
Cloud storage tier optimization through storage object classification
Authors: Khan Akif Quddus , Matskin Mihhail , Prodan Radu , Bussler Christoph , Roman Dumitru , Soylu Ahmet
Published: April 2024

Cloud storage adoption has increased over the years given the high demand for fast processing, low access latency, and ever-increasing amount of data being generated by, e.g., Internet of Things applications. In order to meet the users’ demands and provide a cost-effective solution, cloud service providers offer tiered storage; however, keeping the data in one tier is not cost-effective. In this respect, cloud storage tier optimization involves aligning data storage needs with the most suitable and cost-effective storage tier, thus reducing costs while ensuring data availability and meeting performance requirements. Ideally, this process considers the trade-off between performance and cost, as different storage tiers offer different levels of performance and durability. It also encompasses data lifecycle management, where data is automatically moved between tiers based on access patterns, which in turn impacts the storage cost. In this respect, this article explores two novel classification approaches, rule-based and game theory-based, to optimize cloud storage cost by reassigning data between different storage tiers. Four distinct storage tiers are considered: premium, hot, cold, and archive. The viability and potential of the proposed approaches are demonstrated by comparing cost savings and analyzing the computational cost using both fully-synthetic and semi-synthetic datasets with static and dynamic access patterns. The results indicate that the proposed approaches have the potential to significantly reduce cloud storage cost, while being computationally feasible for practical applications. Both approaches are lightweight and industry- and platform-independent.
Evaluation of ERA5 and CHIRPS rainfall estimates against observations across Ethiopia
Authors: Ahmed Jemal Seid , Buizza Roberto , Dell’Acqua Matteo , Demissie Teferi , Pè Mario Enrico
Published: April 2024

Satellite-based precipitation estimates and global reanalysis products bear the promise of supporting the development of accurate and timely climate information for end users in sub-Sharan Africa. The accuracy of these global models, however, may be reduced in data-scarce regions and should be carefully evaluated. This study evaluates the performance of ERA5 reanalysis data and CHIRPS precipitation data against ground-based measurements from 167 rain gauges in Ethiopia, a region with complex topography and diverse climates. Focusing over a 38-year period (1981–2018), our study utilizes a point-to-pixel analysis to compare daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation data, conducting an evaluation based on continuous and categorical metrics. Our findings indicate that over Ethiopia CHIRPS generally outperforms ERA5, particularly in high-altitude areas, demonstrating a better capability in detecting high-intensity rainfall events. Both datasets, however, exhibit lower performance in Ethiopia's lowland regions, possibly the influence of sparse rain gauge networks informing gridded datasets. Notably, both CHIRPS and ERA5 were found to underestimate rainfall variability, with CHIRPS displaying a slight advantage in representing the erratic nature of Ethiopian rainfall. The study’s results highlight considerable performance differences between CHIRPS and ERA5 across varying Ethiopian landscapes and climatic conditions. CHIRPS’ effectiveness in high-altitude regions, especially for daily rainfall estimation, emphasizes its suitability in similar geographic contexts. Conversely, the lesser performance of ERA5 in these areas suggests a need for refined calibration and validation processes, particularly for complex terrains. These insights are essential for the application of satellite-based and reanalysis of rainfall data in meteorological, agricultural, and hydrological contexts, particularly in topographically and climatically diverse regions.
Predictors for long-term relapse of orthodontic treatment in patients with cleft lip and palate. A clinical follow-up study
Authors: Achterrath Sarah , Graf Isabelle , Guevara Romeo , Braumann Bert , Kruse Teresa
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To identify predictors for long-term relapse of orthodontic therapy in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP).

Materials and methods

Patients with uni- and bilateral non-syndromal CLP were followed up at least two years after completion of their orthodontic therapy. Plaster casts of the start of treatment (T1), after completion of treatment (T2), and at follow-up (T3) were measured using the modified Huddart Bodenham Index. Characteristics of multidisciplinary therapy were taken from the patient files. Potentially influencing factors of relapse were investigated using logistic regression analyses and Spearman correlations.

Results

In total 58.07% of the included 31 patients showed a stable treatment outcome at follow-up after an average of 6.9 years. Even if relapse occurred, 61.54% of these patients still showed improvement regarding their occlusion compared to baseline. Predictors for the occurrence of relapse were the severity of dysgnathia at baseline (p = 0.039) and the extent of therapeutic change (p = 0.041). The extent of therapeutic change was additionally a predictor for the extent of post-therapeutic relapse (ρ = 0.425; p = 0.019).

Conclusions

Patients with CLP benefit from their orthodontic therapy in the long term despite an increased tendency to relapse.

Clinical relevance

Results of this long-term study could be used to adapt the treatment concept for patients with CLP and reinforce the significance of a patient-centered orthodontic treatment concept for affected patients.
Paleolimnological evidence for primary producer change linked to hydrologic connectivity and human impacts in Lake Carlton, Florida, USA
Authors: Clift Troy L. , Waters Matthew N.
Published: April 2024

Hypereutrophic conditions in lake ecosystems are generally associated with nutrient inputs from surrounding terrestrial landscapes. However, some systems can receive primary nutrient inputs through hydrologic connections such as rivers or canals. Lake Carlton, Florida, USA is a small, shallow, polymictic lake that ends a hydrologically connected string of lacustrine systems with hypereutrophic lakes Beauclair and Apopka. Lake Beauclair and Lake Apopka were connected hydrologically when a system of canals was constructed beginning in 1893 CE. These lakes have maintained hypereutrophic conditions despite extensive management to reduce nutrient inputs. Here, we collected a sediment core from Lake Carlton to accomplish two primary research objectives: 1) reconstruct the nutrient input for Lake Carlton throughout the last ~ 150 years to conduct source assessment, and 2) link primary producer changes with management actions between lakes Apopka, Beauclair, and Carlton. Paleolimnological tools were applied to a 165-cm sediment core and analyzed for bulk density, organic matter content, nutrients (C, N, P), photosynthetic pigments, and total microcystins. Sediments were dated using 210Pb and results indicate that the core represents over 150 years of sediment accumulation. Sedimentary nutrient concentrations show that the primary driver of nutrient inputs resulted from canal construction, beginning in 1893 CE, which corresponded to increased nutrient deposition. Photosynthetic pigment data indicate dramatic increases in most primary producer groups coinciding with the hydrologic modification. However, around ~ 1970 CE, primary producer communities shifted from diatom dominance to cyanobacterial dominance, which appeared to be linked to internal nutrient dynamics and competition among phytoplankters within the lake ecosystem. Cyanotoxin production records show a significant lag between cyanobacterial dominance and peak cyanotoxin production with toxins increasing in the last 30 years. These data demonstrate that local nutrient inputs do not govern all phytoplankton dynamics in shallow lake systems but must be interpreted considering hydrologic alterations and management practices.
Efficacy and safety of oral ibrexafungerp in Chinese patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind study
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Wang Wenying , Li Jingjing , An Ruifang , Chen Lihong , Lin Jiajing , Xu Dabao , Qiu Jin , Song Weihua , Patiman Mijiti , Ruan Hongjie , Wang Gang , Xue Fengxia , Wang Xu , Luo Xiaowan , Ruan Qi , Shi Ling , Zhang Chun , Hu Lina , Wang Shijin , Shi Hong , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Songling , Li Yingxiong , Lu Jing , Wang Baojin , Xu Hongyan , Ye Hong , Zhang Bei , Zhang Chunlian , Qian Sumin , Wu Qiong , Jia Wen , Li Chuan , Liao Qinping
Published: April 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral ibrexafungerp (HS-10366) versus placebo in Chinese patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

Methods

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multicenter phase III study was conducted in symptomatic VVC patients. Patients received (2:1) twice-daily oral ibrexafungerp 300 mg or matching placebo for 1 day. The primary endpoint was clinical cure (vulvovaginal signs and symptoms [VSS] score = 0) at test-of-cure (TOC) on day 11 ± 3. The secondary endpoints included mycological eradication, overall response, and clinical improvement (VSS score ≤ 1) at TOC, and vulvovaginal symptom resolution at follow-up on day 25 ± 4.

Results

In total, 360 patients were included in the modified intention-to-treat set (defined as positive Candida cultured and receiving at least one study drug; 239 for ibrexafungerp, 121 for placebo). Compared with placebo, patients receiving ibrexafungerp had a significantly higher proportion of clinical cure (51.0% vs. 25.6%), mycological eradication (55.6% vs. 18.2%), overall response (33.9%, vs. 8.3%) at TOC and complete symptom resolution (74.5% vs. 39.7%, all P < 0.001) at follow-up. Subgroup analysis of clinical cure indicated that patients with C. albicans could benefit from ibrexafungerp over placebo. A similar benefit trend was also observed in those with non-albicans Candida by post-hoc analysis. Further analyses revealed similar efficacy of ibrexafungerp between patients with fluconazole non-susceptible C. albicans and fluconazole susceptible C. albicans regarding clinical cure and mycological eradication. Ibrexafungerp was generally well tolerated. Adverse events were primarily gastrointestinal and were mainly mild in severity.

Conclusions

As a first-in-class antifungal agent, ibrexafungerp demonstrated promising efficacy and favorable safety for VVC treatment in Chinese patients.

Chinadrugtrials.org.cn registry number

CTR20220918.
Nutrition Evaluation and Counseling for Potential Living Kidney Donors: An Opportunity for Lifelong Change
Authors: Friedman Golnaz Ghomeshi , Perez Richard , Chen Ling-Xin
Published: April 2024

Purpose of Review

In this review, we discuss the importance of nutrition evaluation and counseling for living kidney donor candidates (LKDCs) and the roles of the dietitian and transplant physician.

Recent Findings

In the past decades, living kidney donors are becoming older and have higher rates of obesity and glucose intolerance. Like all adult populations, living kidney donors are at risk for developing diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and kidney disease post-donation, and risks may rise as these chronic diseases rise in the general population. Further, implications may be more serious for individuals living with one kidney. However, involvement of the dietitian in the evaluation of LKDCs may vary across transplant centers. Current US policies do not absolutely require a Registered (Transplant) Dietitian to be involved in the care of LKDCs during the various phases of donation.

Dietitians should be involved in the evaluation of all LKDCs. Individualized lifestyle-focused, sustainable nutrition counseling should be provided to all LKDCs. Transplant clinicians should engage in nutrition counseling of LKDCs as this can increase the impact of the intervention. Nutrition evaluation and counseling can lead to life-long change for the LKDC.
Urban water bodies mitigate heat waves, the case of the Chinese city Kunming
Authors: Ma Yue , Fu Yao , Ren Zhibin , Liu Chang
Published: April 2024

With the continuous deepening of global warming and urbanization processes, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events are increasing. Additionally, the increase in energy usage exacerbates climate change. The water cold island (WCI) effect of urban water bodies plays a vital role in mitigating urban heatwaves. This paper focuses on the main urban area of Kunming as the research area. Using the lansat8-OLI image data as the data source, surface radiant temperature is inversely derived through atmospheric correction, resulting in a temperature grading map. Based on the high-resolution imagery from Google Earth, 16 water bodies in Kunming were visually interpreted. By establishing buffer zones and extracting landscape indices, methods were used to quantitatively analyze the average internal temperature of the water bodies, water cold island intensity (WCI), and the maximum cooling distance (LMAX) of the water bodies. The results show that: (1) The overall pattern of the Cool Island in the main urban area of Kunming City shows a trend of being weak inside and strong outside. (2) Riparian green space area is a key factor influencing the average temperature of water bodies, and it is significantly nonlinearly correlated with the average temperature of water bodies. (3) Multiple factors influence WCI. It is significantly positively correlated with the area of water bodies and the dispersion of green spaces, indicating that riparian green spaces promote the cooling of water bodies.
Warship 6
Authors: van Zinderen-Bakker Rindert
Published: April 2024

HMCS Haida was a Tribal-class destroyer that served in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) from 1943-1963.  Haida sank more enemy surface tonnage than any other Canadian warship. She is also the only surviving Tribal-class destroyer out of 27 vessels that were constructed between 1937-1945 for the Royal Navy, Royal Australian Navy, and the Royal Canadian Navy.
Beyond the surface: a color-inclusive guide to central line site assessment
Authors: Herrera Meredith , Eichenblat Siobhan , Campbell Eileen , Shick Julia , Brown Heather , Brinkley Chelsea , Kester Shelley , Layell Jessica , Passaretti Catherine L , Sampson Mindy M
Published: April 2024

Significant gaps exist in representation of diverse populations in central-line assessment education and tools. We review some of these gaps and provide some real-world guidance on how to assess central line sites in patients of all skin tones.
112 Flight Tracker: A REDCap Tool to Streamline Career Development Grant Preparation and Reporting
Authors: Helton Rebecca , Pearson Scott , Hartmann Katherine
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Compiling information about characteristics and progress of scholars is required for career development applications and progress reports. The range of information is substantial, and preparation is onerous. We sought to create a tool to facilitate gathering key data about trainees and mentors who participate in programs like NIH K- and T-awards. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using the REDCap platform, we developed forms and surveys to support intake of applicants, updates from scholars, and information about their participation in activities and use of resources. We deployed application programming interfaces (APIs) to automate capture of publicly available data about publications, impact metrics, and federal grant funding. Similar tools capture descriptions of mentor expertise including grant funding, prior trainees, and publications with mentees We also built modules to 1) allow connection to institutional grant and contract data to capture foundation and other funding; 2) pre-populate follow-up surveys to update information about career trajectories with minimal scholar effort; and 3) support mentee-mentor agreements as living documents. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: After a pilot period at our institution, we disseminated Flight Tracker to more than 50 academic institutions, most of whom are CTSA hubs. They track scholars in TL1/T32s, KL2/K12s, MSTP programs, and academic groups. Beyond federal reporting, uses now include publication impact factors (relative citation ratios, Altmetrics scores), grant funding of groups, maps of network relationships among investigators, scholar receipt of internal pilot awards, and statistics about transition to independence and time-to-promotion. Scholars can be separated into smaller cohorts by demographics, training dates, and funding dates. Over 34,000 scholars are tracked nationally among over 260 programs. Having structured data supports program evaluation, continuous improvements, and documents program strengths. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We informally estimate Flight Tracker reduces staff and leadership effort in preparation of program data by 75%, preserving time to focus on service to scholars. Ready access to data over time and within and across institutions creates new opportunities for collaborative data analysis to support evidence-based career development.
113 Creation of an undergraduate certificate program in clinical and translational science following a six-step curriculum development process
Authors: Knapke Jacqueline , Marcum Michelle , Mendell Angela , Ryan Patrick
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Academic research centers often struggle to recruit and retain a diverse and competent clinical and translational science (CTS) workforce. Specifically, the clinical research professional (CRP) career pathway is not well known to undergraduate students and other individuals outside of academic medicine despite various potential career routes. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To address these workforce challenges, the CRP Task Force at the University of Cincinnati (UC) aims to train a competent and diverse CRP workforce through targeted educational programming in the UC undergraduate population. Using a six-step curriculum development process that included: 1) performing a needs assessment, 2) determining content, 3) writing goals and objectives, 4) selecting the educational strategies, 5) implementing the curriculum, and 6) evaluating the curriculum, we designed an undergraduate certificate program in CTS. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The needs assessment included both internal and external data gathering to inform curriculum development and program decisions. Content was determined using the CRP Competency Framework 2.0, and program learning outcomes were written with both the competency framework and local workforce needs in mind. Educational strategies were selected based upon optimization of available resources and local expertise with an emphasis on interactive didactics complemented by experiential learning. Implementation is underway and evaluation will follow once students begin enrolling. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: We anticipate an increase in numbers of well-qualified, diverse applicants who pursue CRP careers locally and regionally. In addition, we expect that the certificate program will build competency earlier in CRP staff, improving job satisfaction and retention as a result of a stronger foundation from which to build their professional skills.
116 Differences in nurse documented versus reported early mobility for critically ill children
Authors: LaRosa Jessica , Mennie Colleen , Hwang Lisa , Furniturewala Sukaina , Kudchadkar Sapna
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: In 2014, Johns Hopkins Pediatric ICU (PICU) implemented the PICU Up! early mobilization program. Subsequent studies have shown that these protocols increase mobility of PICU patients. Process improvement requires accurate documentation. Our aim is to evaluate differences in nurse documented and actual reported mobility of PICU patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A quality improvement project evaluating the impact of a simulation-based early mobility training program is being conducted, with initial analysis of pre-intervention data. Inclusion criteria includes children age 1 day to 17 years old admitted to the PICU for ≥ 3 days during a day shift and exclusion criteria includes specific mobility contraindications. Data on the number of daily mobilizations, highest level of mobility achieved during each mobilization, and occurrence of safety events is captured via direct query of the bedside nurse at the end of a 12-hour shift by a research team member using a standard data collection tool. We also recorded documented events in the electronic medical record (EMR). Paired t-tests were performed for continuous data and McNemar’s test for categorical data. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 50 patients were enrolled between February and April 2023. The nurses reported that patients participated in a median of 5 mobilizations (Interquartile range [IQR] 4-6) in a 12-hour shift, whereas nurses documented in the EMR that patients participated in a median of 1 mobilization (IQR 0-3; P <0.001). On direct query, the nurses stated that a total of 8 individual safety events occurred during mobility, representing a 3% (8/259) safety event rate. In the EMR, the nurses documented 1 individual safety event during mobility, representing a 1% (1/84) safety event rate (P = 0.008). Nurses reported that they mobilized 50% (25/50) of the patients out of bed; however, they documented that they mobilized only 32% (16/50) of the patients out of bed (P = 0.007). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Compared to EMR documentation, nurses report more mobilization of critically ill children during the day, including more out of bed mobilization and safety events. Future nurse education should focus on mobility documentation to ensure that it reflects mobility at the bedside to facilitate process improvement and optimize care for PICU patients.
122 Evaluating the impact of the Translational Research Program at the University of Toronto
Authors: Neumark Samuel , Noorloos Janine , Ferenbok Joseph
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: There is a need to develop a workforce of translational research professionals with the skills to innovate, mobilize, and commercialize research for unmet needs in the Canadian health system. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact and value of the master’s degree on the Translational Research Program (TRP) alumni. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study will use a cross-sectional approach and an electronic survey will be administered to alumni. The TRP was established in 2015 and has graduated over 150 students since its inception. Participants will be recruited through convenience sampling via email, social media platforms, and personal communication. Eligible participants must have a conferred Master of Health Science in Translational Research from the University of Toronto. All collected data will remain anonymous and include demographic information about graduation year, race, ethnicity, gender, and employment status. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyze and report the findings. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The results of this survey will be used to evaluate how the TRP graduate degree helps alumni contribute to healthcare, learn to think differently, and establish their professional networks. The findings will also be used to inform curriculum improvements, enhance competency-based assessments, and understand demographic differences in student cohorts to promote equity, diversity, and inclusion. Investigating the perspectives of alumni reflecting on their degree will support validating the program’s objectives and advance the integration of translational science principles in the healthcare workforce and community. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This research addresses the need to evaluate health sciences education to ensure the program’s novel pedagogical approaches are equipping the next generation of health professionals with the skills to accelerate the transformation of discoveries into interventions that benefit human health, improve clinical medicine, and enhance patient care.
142 Validation of the Mentoring Competency Assessment to evaluate the mentorship skills and competencies of mentees
Authors: Hyun So Hee , Rogers Jenna Griebel , Orsini Jonathan
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The purpose of this study was to assess if the Mentoring Competency Assessment (MCA) could be used to capture mentee gains in mentorship skills and how the mentorship competencies may vary structurally for mentees compared to mentors, while the original MCA was shown to be a validated measure to assess mentor skills. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The mentee training survey data were collected nationally from 2015 to 2022. The survey data set included 401 respondents who consented to participate after 59 mentee training events hosted by 34 institutions/organizations who participated in face-to-face and online training as well as completed the Mentoring Competency Assessment (MCA) in their surveys. We conducted principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation to investigate the internal structure of the MCA and Hatcher’s criteria were applied. After a team of mentoring experts independently interpreted the PCA results and reached a consensus on the interpretations of the components, factor analysis and internal consistency reliability analysis were applied to assess the construct validity and the reliability. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: There were significant component loadings of the eight components with varimax rotation and 22 of the total 26 items were loaded into components. Four items, (5) pursuing strategies to improve communication, (6) coordinating with other mentors, (11) developing strategies to meet goals, and (23) setting career goals, were excluded from the factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha analysis since these items were not significantly loaded into any components. The eight-component structure was validated (χ2=313.209, p<.001, RMSEA=.083, CFI=.907, TLI=.881, SRMR=.073) and the hypothesized model of the eight components resulted in an acceptable fit to the data with standardized factor loadings ranging from 0.58 to 0.93. The alpha coefficient is from 0.58 to 0.90, suggesting the items have high internal consistency. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Based upon the findings we recommend that the full revised MCA for mentees is used to capture mentees’ mentorship skill gains even if not all of the competency modules are used in the training. The development and validation of measures such as the MCA are important as we move toward the use of common measures across programs such as the CTSAs.
145 Enhancing team science education and training through discussions, examples and vignettes tailored to Clinical Research Professionals (CRPs)
Authors: Mendell Angela , Kopras Elizabeth , Hildreth Laura , Knapke Jacquline , Kues John , Molano Jennifer
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To describe team science training that can be tailored to specific audiences, in this case, Clinical Research Professionals (CRP) using discipline-specific vignettes, and to highlight the benefits of audience-specific training in team science. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Translational science teams are comprised of members from various disciplines. All members can benefit from team science training. Our education team has incorporated discipline-specific training into educational offerings. This project focuses on education tailored to CRPs and their role in clinical research. Historically, team science training has been focused on faculty and trainees. The exclusion of CRPs can limit the impact of this training. We’ve created workshops specifically geared toward CRPs. This presentation demonstrates how we tailor team science training to CRPs by using relevant examples and real-world vignettes to highlight concepts. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The team science workshops conducted specifically for CRPs have been well received. CRPs have been eager to engage with team science-related material. The number of team science workshops requested by CRP groups is continuing to increase. We will share both quantitative and qualitative evaluation results from several team science workshops conducted to-date. The inclusion of scenarios that relate to common situations encountered by CRPs has been especially helpful in demonstrating team science concepts they have personally experienced. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Helping CRPs directly apply team science concepts to their work is very valuable for improving high-functioning team behavior. CRPs can use new knowledge and skills to enhance efficiency and reduce stress and burnout. The impact of team science is maximized when all members of the team are trained.
146 Incorporating a multi-session case study using team assessment results to highlight team science concepts in a team science graduate course
Authors: Kues John , Hildreth Laura , Mendell Angela , Knapke Jacquline , Molano Jennifer
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To describe the creation, use and outcome of a successful multi-session case study for team science education and training. Creating a case study that spans multiple sessions can aid in emphasizing many team science concepts using one ongoing scenario. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will describe the creation and use of a multi-session case study used in a team science graduate course. This case study incorporates the interpretation and use of assessments that coincide with concepts presented in each session. Participants engage with the case study as a team. The use of this case study allows participants to draw conclusions and make decisions about team interventions using concepts they’ve just learned. The multi-session case study also allows participants to see the outcome of their decisions in the next session. Further, the continuous nature of this case study allows participants to build on their knowledge from session to session and make connections between concepts. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Incorporating a multi-session case study should help participants better understand team science concepts and practice incorporating the use of those concepts into teams in a more realistic way over time. The case study framework has been used in a team science graduate course for the last two years. The teaching team has incorporated continuous improvement into optimizing the case study over time. We’ll share preliminary results collected over the use of the case study so far along with the improvements made over time. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This education framework is very versatile and can be incorporated into a team science course or series of workshops and provides a real-world situation that allows participants to practice incorporating team science concepts and interventions in a team.
152 Building the Future of Dissemination and Implementation (D&I) Science at Frontiers CTSI: Capacity Building, Infrastructure, and Emerging Research Areas
Authors: Kalman Maggie Padek , Ellis Shellie
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: A diverse workforce is an aspiration of CTSIs and embedded in goals to build D&I workforce capacity. However, little research describes the diversity of the current workforce. We assessed current assets, opportunities, and diversity of D&I efforts at Frontiers and characterized investigators and those supported by services offered. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In January 2021, Frontiers convened a working group to identify existing D&I assets and needs in the CTSI multi-state catchment area. The committee catalogued existing training and consultation resources and services, which the CTSI supported with infrastructure to support, track, and evaluate ongoing efforts. We obtained data from the evaluation platform and conducted descriptive analyses of the investigators and service uptake among two programs offered, contrasting the workforce with national data obtained from the American Academy of Medical Colleges (2022) and the National Institutes of Health (2018). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Ninety individuals at 9 institutions across Kansas and Missouri identified as implementation researchers. Since 2022, 28 D&I consultations were provided, 92% for grant applications. Five early-stage investigators were identified for career development in an NIH-supported Health Equity and Implementation Center (ESI). The network mirrors the larger workforce regarding underrepresented racial/ethnic minorities (18%) and new investigators (60%). More women (76%) are represented in the D&I network and among ESIs (80%) than the academic workforce (44%), but significantly fewer women used consultation services (p<0.001). Lower proportions of underrepresented minority investigators (p<0.001) and investigators from disadvantaged statuses (p=0.027) accessed consultations services. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Investigators underrepresented in science on multiple dimensions were less likely to use consulting services, Outreach for consultation services may be necessary, if needs are not being met in other programs. Further exploration of overall D&I workforce trends is needed to ensure goals for the field and the CTSA network are achieved.
153 Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on CTSA Training and Career Development
Authors: McCormack Wayne T. , Attia Jacqueline , Kaur Manpreet , Laird Rebecca , Ossip Deborah J. , Shirin Ahona , Spike Abby , McIntosh Scott
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Immediate negative impact of the COVID pandemic on CTSA T trainees and K scholars was reported in 2020 to be lack of access to research facilities, clinics, human subjects, and team members, and a need for homeschooling. In this study we examined in more detail the perceived impact of the COVID pandemic on training and career development three years later. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: CTSA T trainees and K scholars were surveyed in May-June 2023 to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training and career development. Data were included from 309 T trainees and K scholars appointed in 2018-2023 at 50 institutions, with good representation from states that were heavily impacted by COVID. Respondents included 76 past and 64 current T trainees, and 56 past and 113 current K scholars. There were no significant differences in race, ethnicity, or gender between T and K respondents. Significantly more K scholars reported both being married or in a committed relationship, and having children. Survey items included the same questions asked in the 2020 survey, plus additional new questions. Results compare impact for T trainees and K scholars. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: K scholars were more negatively impacted for access to clinic/human subjects, home environment, child care, access to staff, increased clinical responsibilities, and other hospital service. T trainees and K scholars reported higher positive impact than in 2020, for having more time to think/write and develop new research ideas. About 2/3 of respondents reported returning to research full-time by April 2021, and the remaining by August 2021. Lasting changes in career progression or research direction were reported as both positive and negative (48%), negative (25%), or positive (10%). Most (2/3) respondents in faculty positions reported that a time extension was available for promotion and/or tenure. Additional in-depth analysis will be presented, based on qualitative analysis of open-ended questions. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Despite research shutdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that lasted for about a year, CTSA T trainees and K scholars were remarkably resilient. They were able to continue some research activities and professional development activities, and developed strategies to maintain productivity and minimize impact on their training duration.
154 Leveraging Implementation Science Competencies to Establish a D&I Science Core
Authors: Cabrera Alyssa , Thompson Anna L. , Brewer Sarah K. , Daudelin Denise H.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs are launching D&I Science cores to provide resources and services to promote the translation of clinical evidence into practice. We developed a D&I Science Core strategic plan reflecting our research community’s needs by assessing Implementation Science (IS) competencies. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Tufts CTSI D&I Science Core was launched in early 2023. To design services that meet research community needs, we conducted a survey and key informant interviews based on Padek etal.’s list of Implementation Science (IS) competencies. The competencies are organized into four domains (Definition, Background, and Rationale; Theory and Approaches; Design & Analysis; and Practice-Based Considerations) and categorized by expertise level (beginner, intermediate, advanced). Participants who had attended or expressed interest in a D&I interest group were asked via an email survey to rate their level of confidence in completing selected IS-related research activities, about their experience with IS research or practice, and the types of resources, services and training they desired. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Twenty researchers (20/65, 31%) submitted survey responses and six researchers participated in in-depth interviews. Survey respondents felt most confident in engaging stakeholders in IS research and least confident selecting a model or framework for a study. Results suggest that researcher capacity building is needed to: • Understand IS models and frameworks and their approaches, strengths, and limitations • Select and use models and frameworks in studies • Assemble IS teams and prepare grant proposals Suggestions for resources, services, and training, include: • Customized education to address diverse needs, knowledge levels, and learning styles • Promotion of D&I Core consultations and grant support services • Sharing of successful proposals to help researchers learn how to apply IS methods DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: A strategic workplan for the D&I Science Core was developed and implemented to address the findings. Initial emphasis is on developing easily accessible resources and timely consultations for investigators new to IS needing to apply these methods in current grant proposals, while also providing training resources for deeper skill building.
170 Scaffolding Learning through Digital Play: Translating Theory to Practice
Authors: Mannweiler Morgan D. , Peechatka Alyssa L. , Kahn Jason
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Scaffolding aids learning by gradually removing assistance to encourage independence (Bickhard, 2013; Gross, 2015). Mightier is a commercially available biofeedback game that fosters emotion regulation (ER) skill practice through play. This study aims to evaluate the ability of Mightier to scaffold the learning of ER and reduce irritability. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data were collected via online caregiver report. Inclusion criteria were age of child (<= 18 years) and study enrollment prior to the child engaging with Mightier. Children wear a heart rate (HR) monitor while playing games in the Mightier app library. As their HR increases, play becomes more difficult. Children can pause the game to use a scaffolded ER activity or regulate independently to return the game to normal difficulty levels. Caregivers were instructed to use the game ad libitum. Participants included caregivers of 195 children (Mage = 7.84 years old; range = 4-18 years old; 24.28% female; 74.57% male); the sample was predominantly White (56%). Caregivers completed the Affective Reactivity Index, a measure of their child’s irritability, before and after playing Mightier for 8-12 weeks. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A first Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test revealed a significant reduction in the ratio of scaffolded cooldowns (using a guided activity to regulate) to total cooldowns on the first play day (Md =.50) versus the last play day (Md = .22), z = –6.51, p < .001. A second test revealed a statistically significant increase in the ratio of independent cooldowns (regulating on their own) to total cooldowns on the first play day (Md = .50) versus the last day of play (Md = .80), z = 6.34, p < .001. Given the significant, inverse relationships between scaffolded and independent ER on the first play day versus the last play day, further analyses will examine potential mediation and moderation effects of game engagement (play minutes, total cooldowns, scaffolded cooldowns, and independent cooldowns) on changes in irritability. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: ER is vital for healthy development and protects against mental health challenges (LeBlanc etal., 2017). Across domains, scaffolded practice promotes learning (Vygotsky, 1978). Results reveal that scaffolded practice leads to independent ER during play. Future research should explore whether this pathway leads to independent ER outside of play.
175 Benchmarking MICHR’s Clinical and Translational Science production as a continuous quality improvement initiative.
Authors: Samuels Elias , Champagne Ellen
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: In line with NCATS funding requirements, the Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research (MICHR) established a continuous quality improvement (CQI) process and used the process to guide the implementation of a benchmarking project to evaluate and set goals for MICHR’s production of Clinical and Translational Science manuscripts. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We aimed to increase the number of Clinical and Translational Science papers MICHR produces and to set a reasonable goal for improvement. Benchmarking was used to obtain a baseline and inform the identification of a reasonable goal for improvement. 11 Peer institutions were identified with similar funding levels. 1,225 Publications from 2022 for all 12 CTSAs were obtained from NIH Reporter. All publications were reviewed by title to identify probable CTS content. Two staff reviewers confirmed a total of 108 CTS publications across all CTSAs, and coded each paper to characterize the theoretical approach, method (quantitative and/or qualitative), analytic method and topic. All publications that were selected for benchmarking were also tracked and compared using Altmetrics for Institutions and Overton platforms. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A total of 108 CTS publications were produced by 12 benchmarked CTSAs in 2022; of those, 70% (77) regarded research infrastructure, 37% (41) regarded research methods, and 15% (16) regarded clinical care. Over half, 53% (58), of the benchmarked papers are empirical research papers; of those, 67% (39) used quantitative methods, 28% (16) used qualitative methods, and 5% (3) used mixed methods. A clear majority of the benchmarked papers, 70% (76), provided only descriptive analyses, 18% (19) provided inferential analyses, and 12% (13) provided predictive analyses. We identified an opportunity to produce more manuscripts with descriptive analyses of research infrastructure. In the long-term, we saw an opportunity to produce predictive analyses of translational initiatives designed to impact clinical care. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The benchmarking results helped MICHR identify goals for its production of Clinical and Translational Science to fill gaps in the field. Expanding the scope of this benchmarking project might achieve greater interrater reliability using larger representative sets of publications drawn from institutions across the CTSA Consortium.