bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimensión económica y cultural del mercado del libro en España (1995-2019)
Authors: Magadán-Díaz Marta , Rivas-García Jesús I.
Published: April 2021

A vision of the book publishing market in Spain during the period 1995-2019 is offered. To do this, firstly, the structure of the publishing sector is analyzed; secondly, the book market (supply and demand), as well as its dual nature, are studied; thirdly, an explanatory model of demand for books is proposed; finally, through the use of econometrics, the factors that determine the evolution of demand for books over the last 25 years are analyzed. To achieve this, data provided by the Ministry of Culture, Federation of Publishers Guilds of Spain, and National Institute of Statistics were used. Based on the analysis carried out, it can be concluded that: (a) the estimation based on an integrating model, combining both the economic and cultural perspectives, best explains the behavior of the demand for books in Spain; (b) each variable behaves as expected, including variables of a cultural nature; (c) according to the economic model of the demand for books in Spain, books are luxury goods, while according to the integrated model, they are essential goods; (d) there is a positive relationship between the demand for books and the population that can technically read; (e) there is a positive relationship between the demand for books and new titles published annually. In short, the demand for books in Spain depends on not only economic but also cultural variables.

Resumen
Se ofrece una visión del mercado de la edición de libros en España para el período 1995-2019. En primer lugar se analiza la estructura del sector editorial; en segundo lugar, el mercado del libro (oferta y demanda) así como su naturaleza dual; en tercer lugar, se propone un modelo explicativo de la demanda de libros; y finalmente, a través del uso de la econometría se analizan los factores que determinan la evolución de la demanda de libros en los últimos 25 años. Se utilizaron los datos proporcionados por el Ministerio de Cultura, la Federación de Gremios de Editores de España y el Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Se concluye que: a) la estimación del modelo integrador es el que mejor explica el comportamiento de la demanda de libros en España; b) cada variable se comporta como se espera que lo haga, incluidas las variables culturales; c) para el modelo económico de la demanda de libros en España, los libros son bienes suntuarios (de lujo), mientras que para el modelo integrador son bienes necesarios (de primera necesidad); d) existe una relación positiva entre la demanda de libros y la población que técnicamente puede leer y, e) hay una relación positiva entre la demanda de libros y los títulos nuevos publicados anualmente. Se constata que la demanda de libros en España depende no sólo de variables económicas sino también culturales.
Нейтрон: учебное пособие / под редакцией Д.Е. Ланского, М.Е. Степанова, Т.Ю. Третьяковой. – М.: «КДУ», «Университетская книга», 2021. – 156 c.
Authors: Брюханова Ю.А. , Дашков И.Д. , Дьячков И.С. , Каплун С.В. , Кэбин Э.И. , Ланской Д.Е. , Рогатнев С.С. , Сидоров С.В. , Третьякова Т.Ю. , Федоров Н.А. , Фурсова Н.Ю. , Чашин С.М. , Шоркин Р.А.
Published: April 2021

Учебное пособие написано на основе курса лекций «Свойства атомных ядер», читаемом для студентов магистратуры на физическом факультете МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова. В пособии разбираются как фундаментальные, так и прикладные аспекты физики нейтрона и нейтронной физики и демонстрируется их связь с более общими проблемами ядерной физики. Рассмотрены такие вопросы, как свойства нейтрона, основные типы ядерных реакций взаимодействия нейтронов с атомными ядрами, а также роль нейтронов в астрофизических процессах. Представлен обзор источников нейтронов, а также изложены некоторые вопросы, связанные с практическим использованием нейтронов. Пособие рассчитано на студентов нефизических специальностей, а также людей, интересующихся современными проблемами физики.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Teks Fabel Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving (CPS) Siswa Kelas VII MTs Al-Quran Harsallakum Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Wahana Rilla , Susetyo Susetyo , Gumono Gumono
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini mendeskripsikan peningkatan kemampuan menulis teks fabel menggunakan model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving (CPS) siswa kelas VII MTs Al-Quran Harsallakum Kota Bengkulu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan model Hopkins. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri empat tahap yakni, perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik tes, observasi, dan observasi.  Teknik analisis data pada penelitian adalah memberikan nilai atau skor terhadap teks  fabel yang ditulis siswa, serta penilaian terhadap aktivitas siswa dan guru dalam pembelajaran menulis teks fabel yang dilakukan peneliti dan teman sejawat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan aktivitas guru siklus I 87,50% menjadi 100%. Aktivitas siswa juga mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I berdasarkan pengamatan obeserver yakni sebesar 4,56% dan penilai sebesar 4,22%. Sedangkan pada kemampuan menulis teks fabel  siswa kelas VII.G  MTs Al Quran Harsallakum kota Bengkulu mengalami peningkatan dalam menulis teks fabel dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Creative Problem Solving (CPS), dilihat pada siklus I rata-rata nilai siswa sebesar 73,15 dengan kategori cukup dan meningkat pada siklus II dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 84,35 kategori baik.
RISKS OF THE EDUCATION
Authors: Aetdinova R. , Maslova I. , Niyazbekova Sh. , Balabanova O. , Zhakiyanova Zh. , Saparova B.
Published: April 2021

The article justifies for the need to identify and to keep track, in practice, of different groups of risks inherent in educational institutions under current conditions of pandemic and post-pandemic transformation of education under the influence of modern world uncertainty. Transformation of education functions in the epoch of digital economy changes the content and types of risks concomitant to the activities carried out by schools. Schools belong to the most conservative types of organizations. However, the environment in which schools operate is constantly changing. An educational institution, as any enterprise, has to engage in the activity aimed at risk management. Manifestation of the risk is, on the one hand, fraught with threats and damage, on the other hand, with opportunities. Assessment of possible threats and risks allows timely projection of undesirable results, creation of a system for situational response to unforeseen circumstances and, in the final analysis, formulation of a strategy for development of the university which would allow achievement of modern high quality education, its fundamentality and conformity to important topical requirements of the personality, society and state. Causes of developing risks characteristic of educational institutions are disclosed. External and internal risks characteristic of educational institutions, sources generating them and the importance of managing them are analyzed. The analysis of risks made reveals multi-varied threats and opportunities in the external and internal envi-ronment of the institution and their ability to have a significant effect on educational, organizational and financial activities of the schools.
INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS SUBSTRATES ON PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMICAL EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF TOMATOES BY THE METHOD OF LOW-VOLUME HYDROPONICS
Authors: Kudiyarov R. I. , Dyamurshayeva E. B. , Sauytbayeva G. Z. , Dyamurshayeva G. E. , Tuleubayev Zh. , Ziyaeva G. K.
Published: April 2021

Currently, low-volume hydroponics is the most intensive system for vegetable plant cultivation in a greenhouse, the effective use of which largely depends on the selection of a substrate. The wide variety of substrates used for this technology suggests that when cultivating tomatoes in different regions, substrates from local raw materials can be used, making it possible to preserve all the positive properties of low-volume hydroponics and to get a high yield of tomatoes. This paper presents the results of a study on cultivating Lilos F1 tomatoes hybrid using substrates of peat (control option) and sawdust (SD) and rice husk (RH) in various ratios (SD 100%; RH 100%; SD: RH 50:50; SD: RH 75:25 and SD: RH 25:75). It was found that the highest tomato yield was received when growing tomatoes using a peat substrate (25.54 kg/m2) and in ratios SD: RH 75:25 and SD: RH 50:50 (27.70 and 24.57 kg/m2). The calcu-lation of the economical efficiency of tomato cultivation showed that the level of production profitability was deter-mined not so much by the yield as by the cost of the substrate, therefore the most effective was the use of composite substrates SD: RH 75:25 and SD: RH 50:50, which ensured the production profitability of 14.7% and 14.0%. The obtained results confirmed the expediency of using substrates from sawdust and rice husk to increase the efficiency of low-volume cultivation of tomatoes in regional conditions. It has been established that the use of substrates based on sawdust and rice husk for low-volume cultivation allows preserving all the positive properties of the technology and to get a rich yield of high-quality tomato fruits. The cost-effectiveness analysis of low-volume tomato cultivation using various substrates showed that the level of production profitability was influenced not so much by the yield as by the cost of the substrate. Since the region lacks natural reserves of organic substrates, when peat is used as a substrate, it has to be purchased from the CIS countries, which significantly affects the cost of production. The use of waste products from processing industries such as sawdust and rice husk as substrates, on the contrary, allows you to reduce this cost item in the cost of production and thereby increase the production profitability. The ground for doing research: Source of funding - grant of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan AP08956053 «Improving the production efficiency of greenhouse production in the Aral Sea region through the introduction of adapted innovative technology for low-volume tomato cultivation».
INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FEED ADDITIVES ON THE ACTIVITY OF CHYME AND BLOOD PLASMA ENZYMES OF YOUNG MEAT CHICKEN OF ORIGINAL LINE
Authors: Grozina A.
Published: April 2021

The research aimed to determine the effect of a mixture of low molecular weight organic acids and complex phytobiotics when replacing a feed antibiotic with them on the activity of digestive enzymes in the duode-nal chyme and the activity of pancreatic enzymes in the blood plasma of young stock B5 and B9 meat chicken lines. The experiments were carried out on the original lines of meat poultry lines B5 (Cornish) and B9 (Plymouth rock). There was an operation to insert a cannula into the duodenum at the age of 6 weeks. The enzymatic activity of the duodenum chyme and the content of pancreatic enzymes in the blood plasma in the groups of chickens receiving antibiotics, low molecular weight organic acids, and phytobiotics with the diet. The data showed that the influence of feed additives on the physiological status of poultry was different. The use of low molecular weight organic acids of the B5 and B9 chicken lines had a significant effect on the production of digestive enzymes due to an increase in the activity of chyme lipase (by 98.3%) and blood plasma lipase (by 26.6%) in B9 chickens and an increase in chyme proteases (by 30.9%) in B5 chickens compared with the control group, where the antibiotic was used. The introduction of complex phytobiotics into the diet had a negative effect on chickens of the B5 line (Cornish), reducing the activity of amylase and lipase of the duodenal chyme (by 29.2 and 26.9%) compared with the control group. In B9 (Plymouth rock) chickens, only the chyme amylase activity increased by 30.8% that indicates an improvement in the availability of feed carbohydrates. These data confirm the need to take into account the different effects of feed additives on the digestion processes in different poultry crosses.
PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE QUALITY OF HOLSTEIN COWS OF FOREIGN BREEDING
Authors: Semenov V. G. , Baimukanov D. A. , Alentayev A. S. , Mudarisov R. M. , Kondruchina S. G. , Karynbayev A. K.
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work is to determine the productive longevity of Holstein cows of different breedings. The results of the research showed that Finnish animals were superior in life expectancy and productive longevity, exceeding German breeding cows by 74 days (P<0.05) and Hungarian cows by 24 days, and by 0.06 and 0.12 lactations in the productive period respectively. At the same time, according to the level of average productivity per lactation and lifelong milk yield, the highest rates were established for the group of Hungarian cows. So, their average milk yield per lactation was higher: compared to other groups by 529.2 kg and 561.8 kg or 7.6 % and 8.1%; lifelong milk yield by 1305.5 kg and 996 kg (5.6 % and 4.2%); per one day of calving interval - by 0.64 kg and 0.8 kg (3.6 % and 4.6%) and per one day of life - by 0.56 kg and 0.60 kg or by 3.2 % and 5.6%. In the context of the group of cows of the German and Finnish breeding, no significant differences were noted by these indicators. The duration of pregnancy in experimental cows ranged from 285-289 days. The analysis of the obtained data indicates that the cellular protection indicators of Holstein cows are within the physiological norm. So, phagocytic activity, which expresses the percentage of active leukocytes participating in phagocytosis to the total number of counted neutrophilic leukocytes, is higher in animals of the German breeding compared with Hungarian animals - by 13.2% and with Finnish ones - by 13.4%. The phagocytic index is defined by the average number of phagocytosed microorganisms per active leukocyte and characterizes the intensity of phago-cytosis. In our experiment, the intensity of phagocytosis was higher in the German cows and amounted to 8.42, which exceeds this indicator by 11.4% compared with animals of the Hungarian breeding and by 3.3% compared to the Finnish animals.
FEATURES OF RESULT BASED FINANCING HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Kalenyuk Iryna , Grishnova Olena , Tsymbal Liudmyla , Djakons Deniss
Published: April 2021

The key role of the education system in the formation of a knowledge society is raising the issue of improving its financing. In the face of new challenges and aggravation of global competition, the mechanism for financing the higher education system is being transformed. The need to increase funding is manifested in expanding financial sources and improving the management of various financial flows. Increasing the effectiveness of public funding is becoming an important issue, which remains the main source of financial revenues for institutions of higher education in countries of the world. A promising practice in the world is the use of funding based on the results of activity, which is becoming more widespread in various areas of economic activity. The purpose of this article is to study the current world-wide practice of applying results-based financing of higher education and defining promising directions for its implementation in Ukraine. The essence and features of RBF - Result Based Financing (RBF) method, including in the system of higher education, are revealed. The existing approaches to financing higher education institutions in the world based on results are systematized, the main criteria for their definition are identified: on the basis of inputs, process, output, output. The world practice of using higher education institutions financing based on the results, positive and negative consequences of its implementation is highlighted and summarized. The necessity of using RBF funding in the system of native education is proved, the main directions and areas of its use are determined. The application of a two-tier model of financing higher education institutions in Ukraine is proposed, which combines the traditional cost-oriented approach and funding based on the results of the activity.
FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL COMPETITIVE MODEL OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
Authors: Kyrylov Y. , Hranovska V. , Zhosan H.
Published: April 2021

Institutional and innovative components of competitive development of agrarian enterprises have been found to be key and directly affect one another. Instruments for stimulating the innovative development of agricultural enterprises should be applied systematically, based on state innovation programs and strategies. In this context, the priorities of territorial innovative development of agro-formations are appropriate, provided the adaptation of existing and development of new state programs aimed at the development of innovative infrastructure, the formation of its new organizational forms, the support of innovative partnerships, the protection of intellectual property, and the promotion of venture financing. Also, the expected economic effects of the implementation of the model of institutional regulation of the competitive development of enterprises in the agrarian sector include the formation of important tools for improving the investment environment to ensure innovative production, maximize the effective use of the geopolitical position benefits, increasing export potential. The adaptive model of competitive development of the agrarian enterprises, the quintessence of which is based on econometric tools and the implementation of a set of economic and organizational tools and mechanisms for increasing competitiveness for leveling industry controversies and ensuring the formation of sustainable competitive advantages by agroformations through increased multiplier effect and synergy effect is developed.
MODERN IMPERATIVE FOR THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY'S PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON DETERMINING THE IMPACT OF FACTORS
Authors: Kokеnova A. E. , Kupesheva A. K. , Mashirova T. N. , Statsenko O. A. , Zhabayeva B. O.
Published: April 2021

Our country has accumulated considerable experience in the study of quality management problems, and there is also a large number of works on the problems of personnel management. However, very few attempts were made to apply a systematic approach to the problem under study, the analysis of personnel management as the most important factor in quality assurance. Currently, management sciences lack fundamental research that provides a holistic view of quality management. The purpose of the study is to develop the key principles of the Kazakhstan model of personnel management that are adequate to modern requirements for product quality and take into account the specifics of Kazakhstan on the basis of understanding domestic and foreign experience. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the conceptual provisions on the unity of man and the social environment; on the individual as a subject of joint activity and personal development; on the determinism of the functioning and development of the individual by the system of national value priorities, spiritual and material needs. The scientific article proposes measures to improve personnel management, concerning: reorientation of the worldview of modern Kazakh managers on the quality of products, works and services; creation of a favorable business social and managerial environment for their respective activities; orientation of the main functions of personnel management to the general model of quality management; formation of an effective mechanism for involving employees in the quality management process; motivation of personnel activities to ensure quality.
THE CURRENT STATE OF BUCKWHEAT MARKET IN UKRAINE
Authors: Averchev O. V.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to study the current state of buckwheat market in Ukraine and the world. Dynamics of buckwheat growing in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and its impact on the domestic and foreign buckwheat market in Ukraine are analyzed. The research is based on the statistics of the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine. The analysis of the buckwheat origin and the area of its growing in the world is conducted. It is established that buckwheat is grown both in Eurasia and America. In Europe, Asia and America, buckwheat is gaining in popularity every year. Due to the fact that this crop is used not only for food and feed purposes, it is also a valuable medicinal plant and a good honey plant. It is proved that Ukraine has all the necessary economic, natural and agro-climatic conditions for the buckwheat growing and not only to satisfy the internal market but also to be a leader among exporters in sales of this crop and products of its processing. It is established that a significant decrease in the buckwheat-growing areas has been observed in recent years, which leads to a decrease in the gross output of the crop. This situation contributes to the rise in retail prices of buckwheat and the loss of positions in the foreign market as a leading exporter in the world.
TRANSFORMATION OF THE LABOR MARKET IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ECONOMY'S DIGITALIZATION
Authors: Niyazbekova Sh. U. , Zhukov A. L. , Aksenova E. , Rozhkov V. , Kyazimov K. , Smernitskaya Е. , Gavrilova E.
Published: April 2021

Recent decades have been characterized by a vast increase in computing power, reducing the cost of automating so-called routine tasks that follow precise rules and can thus be incorporated into computer code. This has led to a polarisation of labor markets in advanced economies, with a reduction in the proportion of middle-paid, routine intensive occupations, and an increase in the proportion of both high and low-paid jobs. Although this computerization has not led to a reduction in employment, whether this will be true of the consequences of further technological progress in the near future remains open. While previous automation methods were limited to tasks that are well enough understood to include defined steps in algorithms, now even less structured problems seem to be automated using big data and machine learning. The constant increase in computing power, the growing availability of big data, and significant advances in machine learning methods are shifting the boundaries of what can be automated by machines. Thus, some studies predict that about half of the US workforce is "at risk of automation," which has raised public concerns about mass unemployment caused by technology. The organization of production and labor on a scientific basis requires conducting production progress at a high technical and economic level, to bring to a new, higher level of organization, rationing, and remuneration. The study of labor economics is aimed at understanding the relationship between employees and employers. This is important for society because it determines wages, the causes of discrimination, the impact of migration on employment, and how governments should manage recessions. Digitalization is fundamentally changing the economy and our society. This encourages entrepreneurial innova-tion, productivity, and regional economic growth. It also matters for growth, the labor market, and political partici-pation. And this produces new demands on education and training – not only in the field of information and communication technologies. In the future, the main interest will be the question of how quickly digitalization is penetrating the German and European industry (industry 4.0) and how it changes productivity, employment, and competitiveness in various companies and sectors. Especially in terms of the economics of education, the ability of people to adapt to the changing world of work through education and training is fundamental.
INVESTMENTS IN FIXED ASSETS IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Abieva S. N. , Kanabekova M. A.
Published: April 2021

In a market economy, any companies and organizations must constantly update their main tools in order to be competitive, the process of processing fixed assets requires significant capital investments, which can be financed from the company's own and borrowed capital. The article assesses the volume and dynamics of investment in fixed assets in Kazakhstan, which is one of the urgent problems for many countries, analyzes the structure of sources of investment in the production of fixed assets and investment in fixed assets by industry. This article defines the directions of diversification of investment activities of Kazakhstani companies. The share of investment in fixed assets in GDP is presented relatively. If there is a lack of investment resources at the domestic level, or if there are limitations in certain sectors of the economy, investment deficits are regulated and filled by foreign investment. In this regard, the growth of investment activity will lead to GDP growth. The article discusses these issues and the dynamics of GDP growth in the form of a figure. By investing in the company's fixed capital, the investor pre-evaluates the organization's performance. It is the level of success of a company that determines the effectiveness of investments in its fixed assets. Therefore, before investing money, it is advisable to calculate the degree of return on investment. Investments in fixed assets allow you to expand and develop your business. this is the main, and sometimes the only way to develop your business and expand it to new market territories. The raised capital is used to upgrade equipment, attract highly qualified specialists, and launch new products on the market. You need to invest in fixed assets professionally, consistently and carefully. Therefore, investment in fixed assets is the most important factor in the implementation of economic activities for enterprises and organizations. Currently, the final results of financial and economic activities of companies directly depend on the volume of investment in fixed assets. In this regard, one of the urgent tasks is to conduct a detailed and comprehensive economic analysis of the level, structure, and directions of investment, as well as to improve the efficiency of production of fixed assets. Relevance of the topic of the scientific article in the modern world one of the main directions of implementation of the state anti crisis plan in many countries is the problem of finding innovative sources of investment in fixed assets by industry and evaluating their effectiveness. In this regard, the article discusses the need to develop an investment strategy of the company, as well as the fact that they are determined by changes in the external and internal environment. In the article, the authors note the main goals and factors of investment in fixed assets in Kazakhstan. After all, in order to increase profits in the future and further improve the business, it is necessary to invest in order to increase its strong competitiveness in the market.
STATUS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF SLOGANES IN ADVERTISING COMMUNICATION
Authors: Savchenko L. , Tovkach S. , Shilina A. , Yablonovskaya N. , Subbotina O. , Burkaltseva D. , Niyazbekova Sh. , Vovk Е.
Published: April 2021

An advertising slogan is a special genre of advertising text that acts as a connecting link in the entire advertising campaign. In addition, slogans also perform a number of other functions, being the most important unit of advertising communication, they influence the recipients of information, affect their emotions and behavior. The relevance of the topic is due to the increased interest in the rapidly developing language of advertising. The article is devoted to general issues of the functioning of an advertising slogan in the structure of advertising activities, classification of slogans in advertising communication. Research methods are determined by the goals and objectives of the work. In a complex linguistic analysis, the following general scientific theoretical methods are used: the continuous sampling method, the descriptive-analytical method, the comparative-comparative method. The theoretical significance of this study lies in the expansion, deepening and systematization of theoretical information about the concept of an advertising slogan. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the materials of the study can be used in theoretical courses on advertising in the study of intercultural communication. Results. The totality of the typological characteristics of the slogan distinguishes it from the background of other verbal units of advertising appeal. These are laconicism and imagery of form, expressiveness, focus on dialogue with the addressee. The slogan of a product that is just entering the market must contain the brand name. This will allow the consumer to be remembered faster. Having analyzed the functions and typological characteristics of the slogan, we came to the conclusion that the slogan is a key autonomous element of the advertising message and can be used both in the context of advertising, being its component, and separately, having semantic, structural, compositional features. The slogan can act as a linguistic unit, independent of other elements of the advertising text, expressing the essence of the advertising campaign, the company's image, the dominant idea. Thus, the changes caused by extralinguistic factors inevitably lead to the creation of new advertising images, which in turn requires a qualitative transformation of the nature of the advertising text and the emergence of new advertising slogans.
ТHE MAIN ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE BORDER AREAS OF KAZAKHSTAN AND KYRGYZSTAN
Authors: Savanchiyeva A. S. , Ananchenkova P. I. , Karimbergenova М. K. , Zhaltyrova O. I. , Kuangaliyeva T. K. , Maslova I. А.
Published: April 2021

An important factor in the development of tourism within transboundary territories may be unique tourist resources, or special areas. Border territories often turn into gambling zones, especially in those cases when the industry of gambling entertainment is prohibited in neighboring countries. In addition, a tourist product can be formed on the basis of unique tourist resources, united by a common idea or historical plot. You can get to know them only by traveling from a neighboring or nearby country. Tourists are attracted to the border space by duty-free trade, a large selection of goods, lower prices, convenient opening hours. On the basis of the Agreement, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kyrgyz Republic will contribute to expanding cooperation in the field of tourism in order to familiarize citizens of their states with achievements in the field of economics, social development, culture, nature and sights, as well as historical monuments and national traditions of the peoples of the three countries. The parties will cooperate in the development of international tourism on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and, in order to increase the tourist flow, facilitate the simplification of visa and customs formalities, exchange lists of travel agencies. The Parties will facilitate the exchange of experience in all areas of international and domestic tourism, promote cooperation between the national tourism administrations of the Parties and other organizations involved in tourism and its development. The parties will also facilitate the dissemination of tourist information to attract the flow of tourists through the publication of promotional materials, the exchange of information, print media, exhibitions, films and the holding of various symposia and seminars. The parties will provide mutual assistance in the training of personnel of tourist complexes and facilitate the exchange of specialists of the relevant tourism authorities, assist the relevant departments and interested organizations in the creation of joint ventures and in the implementation of other investment projects in the tourism sector. The parties through the relevant tourism authorities will exchange views on cooperation, work experience in activities in international tourism organizations.
THE EFFICIENCY OF DIHYDROQUERCETIN IN THE FEEDING OF BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Kuzmina N. N. , Petrov O. Yu. , Karynbayev A. K. , Alentayev A. S.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the research was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using a natural antioxidant of plant origin – dihydroquercetin (DHA), as a biologically active substance, in combination with the main standard diet of broiler chickens. Scientific and economic experience conducted in production conditions on broiler chickens of the "COBB-500" cross allowed us to objectively establish that the addition of the biologically active substance Dihydroquercetin to mixed feed contributes to the increase in meat productivity and safety of broiler chickens. Feeding of broiler chickens was carried out with full-fledged compound feeds, in accordance with the recommendations of the originator for this cross. In terms of energy nutrition and the content of nutrient active substances, they were the same and differed between the groups in the amount of the additive administered. Chickens of the 1st control group received only feed (basic diet), the 2nd experimental group – advanced antioxidant supplement Dihydroquercetin in the amount of 0.5 g per 100 g of feed, the 3rd – 0.75 g per 100 g of feed, and 4th – 1 g per 100 g of feed. The duration of the experiment was 40 days and to clarify the effectiveness of increasing the duration of the broiler fattening period, it was extended to 60 days. Broiler chickens were reared on the floor, temperature and light conditions, air humidity, feeding and watering front of the bird during the experiment corresponded to the recommended standards. As a result of the conducted studies on the effect of adding optimal levels of biologically active feed additive Dihydroquercetin to the diet of broiler chickens, it was found that during the growing period, a higher coefficient of live weight gain was established in broiler chickens of the 3rd and 4th experimental groups, whose live weight increased by 105.32 and 120.48 times by the age of 40 days, while in broiler chickens of the 2nd experimental group by 102.57 times and the lowest–in control group chickens only in 90.96 times. The selected feed additive can be considered as an alternative to the use of feed antibiotics in the feeding of broiler chickens in industrial poultry farming technology.
FEATURES OF THE INTRODUCTION INTO IN VITRO CULTURE AND MICROPROPAGATION OF PAULOWNIA TOMENTOSA
Authors: Turganova R. A. , Djangalina E. D. , Shadenova E. A. , Kapytina A. I. , Kamshybayeva G. K.
Published: April 2021

Paulownia sp. are tall and fast-growing perennial plants that grow faster than all woody plants in the world. In many countries, Paulownia sp. are used as a raw material in bioenergy, furniture industry, landscape gardening and technologies for phytoremediation. In this study for the first time in Kazakhstan, conditions of Paulownia tomentosa (P. tomentosa) in vitro cultivation and propagation have been optimized, also the factors influencing the morphogenetic activity of primary explants have been studied. Along with the adaptation potential of Paulownia tomentosa microclones to the ex situ conditions, laboratory standing order for microclonal reproduction have been evaluated. For sterilization of P. tomentosa explants are recommended to use 50% domestos and 0.1% merthiolate. Hormone-free WPM medium was considered as the most optimal for the in vitro propagation. Infrared light is highly recommended for P. tomentosa microclones adaptation, due to its ability to stimulate the formation plants aboveground biomass and root system. For Kazakhstan, the research of this type of tree crops is a relevant, new and promising direction. The development of microclonal propagation of Paulownia tomentosa will accelerate the process of introduction of Paulownia in our Republic.
MATERIALS FOR THE FAUNA OF LYGAEIDAE (HEMIPTERA, HETEROPTERA) OF SOUTH-EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Kenzhegaliyev A. M. , Esenbekova P. A. , Zhaksybayev M. B.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results o field research in 2019-2020 in South-Eastern Kazakhstan. Objective: To study the fauna, biology, ecology and distribution of terrestrial hemiptera in the territory of South-Eastern Kazakhstan. Therefore, on the basis of our own research, an inventory and a comprehensive analysis of the fauna of terrestrial hemiptera were carried out and an annotated list was compiled. As a result of the conducted research, 59 species of terrestrial hemiptera from 36 genera were identified. Among them, the following genera are distinguished by species diversity: Nysius (7 species), Cymus, Geocoris (4 species each), Spilostethus, Oxycarenus (3 species each), and in the remaining 31 genera, 1-2 species are known. Hemiptera are characterized by wintering at different stages of development. Hemiptera wintering in the imago stage is 49 species, in the egg stage 6 species overwinter, in the imago and larval stages 4 species overwinter. According to the number of generations per year, all species of terrestrial hemiptera of South-Eastern Kazakhstan can be divided into several groups: 1) monovoltine (49 species), 2) bivoltine (9 species), 3) polyvoltine (1 species). Different species of hemiptera have different requirements for the degree of moisture content of the habitat. On this basis, the following ecological groups of species are distinguished: xerophiles (2 species), meso-xerophiles (31 species), mesophiles (26 species). According to their location, the terrestrial hemiptera of South-Eastern Kazakhstan are divided into several groups: dendrobionts (7 species), dendromnobionts (1 species), hortobionts (26 species), herpetobionts (18 species), and herpetobionts (7 species). According to food connections, zoophages and phytophages are distinguished among ground bugs. Zoophages include 4 species, the rest are phytophages. Phytophages are divided into 4 groups according to the breadth of specialization: a) polyphages (35 species), b) broad oligophages (6 species), c) narrow oligophages (10 species), d) monophages (4 species). Nysius pilosulus Horvath, 1904 was recorded for the first time in Kazakhstan.
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE EFFECT OF SOME INDUSTRIALLY SIGNIFICANT MEDICINAL HERBS ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS OF AN AGING ORGANISM
Authors: Demchenko G. A. , Toleukhanov S. T. , Nurmakhanova B. A. , Imankulova S. K. , Boranbayeva G. , Abdreshov S. N. , Makashev E.K.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the corrective properties of a number of medicinal herbs for age-related changes in the aging body. In an experimental study on 8 groups of old animals, a number of medicinal herbs of the Kazakh flora were studied: Ziziphora Bunge, Almaty hawthorn, St. John's wort, Echinacea purpurea, kopeechnik, badan thick-leaved on the parameters of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. All the medicinal herbs tested by us affected the animal body to some extent and, according to the studied indicators, showed a positive effect in the direction of a younger organism. There was an increase in lymph flow, diuresis, weight loss, changes in the indicators of swellability, blood and lymph viscosity, blood pressure and heart rate. The data from the screening study allowed us to further combine them into a phytocomposition for subsequent studies in order to correct changes in the old body.
FEATURES OF miRNA ASSOCIATIONS WITH mRNA OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION CANDIDATE GENES
Authors: Mukushkina D. D. , Ivashchenko A. T. , Labeit S.
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular diseases, in particular myocardial infarction, are one of the most common causes of death in the world. To date, the risk assessment strategy infarction and post-infarction complications represent a significant problem sensitivity and predictive value of modern methods and markers, so the identification of new genetic markers is an actual problem. In this research, functionally significant candidate genes were studied, which are involved in the processes associated with the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction, in lipid metabolism, thrombus formation, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammatory reactions. However, in addition to genes, it has been determined that miRNA is also involved in the development of myocardial infarction by regulating the expression of target genes. This paper presents characteristics of miRNA interactions with mRNAs of candidate myocardial infarction genes. We have identified 34, 51 and 36 target genes that have miRNA binding sites in the 5'UTR, CDS, and 3'UTR regions, respectively. Based on the criteria chosen in our study, candidate genes were identified that have a free energy of interaction with miRNA equal to -120 kJ/mole and higher in the following associations: in 5’UTR - ID02142.3p-miR and ALDH2; ID00909.3p-miR and ALOX5; ID00216.3p-miR and CD40; ID01272.3p-miR and DDAH2; ID01774.5p-miR and IL6R; miR-6752-5p and KLF4; ID03332.3p-miR and LAMA3; ID02363.5p-miR and NOS3; ID02800.3p-miR and OPA1; ID01310.3p-miR and PDE4D; ID03397.3p-miR and PTGS2; ID01098.3p-miR and SERPINE1; ID01018.3p-miR and SGPP1; ID02430.3p-miR and SHH; ID01652.3p-miR and THBS1; ID01770.3p-miR and ZNF202; in CDS - ID00457.3p-miR and APOA1; ID00425.5p-miR and BTN2A1; ID01632.5p- miR and CCL5; ID02899.3p-miR and CDKN2B; miR-6894-5p and CYP1A2; ID01806.3p-miR and IL6R; ID01403.5p-miR and PLAUR; ID02950.3p-miR and SEMA3F; ID03332.3p-miR and SGPP1; ID02062.3p-miR and SIRT6; ID02050.3p-miR and TNF; ID01804.3p-miR and XBP1; ID00182.5p-miR and ZNF202; in 3’UTR - ID01293.5p-miR and SMTN; ID01882.5p-miR and TNNI3. The identified associations can be used as genetic markers in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.
STUDY OF ANTIGENOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF THE ROSEHIP (ROSA MAJALIS HERRM.) OF THE FAMILY ROSACEAE
Authors: Zhonderbek Zh. A. , Kolumbayeva S. Zh. , Lovinskaya A. V. , Voronova N.
Published: April 2021

Increasing the body's resistance to various environmental pollutants' adverse effects is one of medicine's essential tasks. In this regard, an active search for antimutagens to eliminate or weaken mutagens' effect in the body is currently underway. One of the promising sources of antimutagenic compounds is the medicinal plant Rosa majalis Herrm (rosehips). The genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity of rosehips was studied on cells of bone marrow, spleen, liver, and kidneys of laboratory mice using an alkaline variant Comet assay. It was found that rosehip infusions in various concentrations (infusion, diluted infusion and herbal tea) do not have a genotoxic effect on the cells of the studied organs of laboratory animals. The medicinal rosehip's combined action with classical mutagen MMS significantly reduced (p<0.01) MMS-induced mutagenesis level. The various rosehip infusions used did not show statistically significant differences among themselves. The results obtained indicate the antigenotoxic activity of R. majalis infusions.
CONSERVATION OF THE GENE POOL OF ENDANGERED ARGALI SPECIES
Authors: Sansyzbay A. R. , Umitzhanov M. , Bakirov N. W. , Rysbayev M. B.
Published: April 2021

Argali living on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan are listed in the Red Book and need special protection of the state. The number of these animals is falling every year. Urgent measures are being taken to preserve the existing species of argali in all their genetic diversity. One of the promising methods of preserving the gene pool of endangered species of wild animals is the method of deep freezing of sperm and embryo transplantation. The argali or mountain sheep species includes several subspecies that are quite well studied and differ in their external characteristics: ⦁ altai ram or Оvis аmmоn аmmоn; ⦁ anatolian mouflon or Оvis аmmоn аnаtоliса; ⦁ bukhara ram or Оvis аmmоn bосhаrеnsis; ⦁ kazakh argali or Оvis аmmоn соllium; ⦁ gansu argali or Оvis аmmоn dаlаilаmае; ⦁ tibetan mountain sheep or Оvis аmmоn hоdgsоnii; ⦁ north China mountain sheep or Оvis аmmоn jubаtа; ⦁ tianshan mountain sheep or Оvis аmmоn kаrelini; ⦁ argali Kozlova or Оvis аmmоn kоzlоvi; ⦁ karatau mountain sheep or Оvis аmmоn nigrimоntаnа; ⦁ cyprus ram or Оvis аmmоn орhiоn; ⦁ mountain ram marco polo or Оvis аmmоn роlii; ⦁ kyzylkum mountain sheep or Оvis аmmоn sеvеrtzоvi; ⦁ urmian mouflon or Оvis аmmоn urmiаnа. Conservation of biological diversity around the world is now deservedly given great attention. The problem of accelerated reproduction of genetic resources has become particularly relevant at the present time, when the Red Book is becoming larger every year, and the world around us is becoming poorer. Every year, the planet loses many species of animals and plants. Therefore, the search for conservation opportunities for endangered populations of wild animals is not only of scientific, but also of great practical interest. The theoretical basis for the conservation of rare and endangered species of wild animals in Kazakhstan has not yet been developed and has not yet been sufficiently studied. The use of biotechnological techniques makes it possible to preserve the genetic basis of valuable and endangered animal species.
ANALYSIS AND IMPACT OF LEAD-CONTAINING WASTE FROM LEAD PRODUCTION ON HUMAN LIFE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Bagova Z. , Zhantassov K. , Turebekova G. , Sapargaliyeva B.
Published: April 2021

As a result of the activities of the lead plant, about 2 million tons of waste in the form of lead- containing slags were accumulated. Lead production slags contain a large number of toxic heavy metal compounds, such as lead, zinc, osmium, and cadmium, which are dangerous sources of environmental pollution. Due to the open storage of slags, there is an excess of the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of lead: near the plant, the concentration of lead is more than 3000 mg/kg in the soil, with a MPC of 3.2 mg/kg. Lead and zinc compounds are dangerous to humans due to their significant toxicity and ability to accumulate in the body. Lead poisoning ranks first among professional intoxications. Waste water containing zinc compounds is not suitable for irrigation of fields, the negative effect of zinc compounds on microorganisms and microfauna of the soil reduces its fertility. The article presents the results of scientific studies of lead slag, conducted by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis, performed on a scanning electron microscope (SEM) JEOL-6490 LV (Manufacturer: JEOL, Japan). The results of the thermal analysis of samples on the derivatograph of the F. Paulik, J. Paulik and L. Erdey system in the air environment, in the temperature range of 20-1000°C. are presented. According to the results of research, it was found that lead slags contain a sufficiently high amount of non- ferrous metal compounds: lead oxide up to 0.7 % and zinc oxide up to 8.5 % of the weight amount of slag, which makes the process of recycling toxic waste from lead production technically and economically feasible.