bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Europe’s ‘Other’ Open-Border Zone: The Common Travel Area under the Shadow of Brexit
Authors: BUTLER Graham , BARRETT Gavin
Published: January 2019

In recent years, the Schengen Area—and the suppression within its territory of border controls—has become a strong focus of attention. This article focuses on another region of Europe where such controls have been suppressed: the Common Travel Area (‘CTA’). Historically, both Ireland and the United Kingdom have rejected membership of the Schengen system—albeit securing certain ‘opt-in’ rights—and instead maintained the CTA between their respective jurisdictions. The CTA has, however, garnered relatively little public attention until recently, when concerns as to the implications of Brexit for the maintenance of an open border between Ireland and Northern Ireland have gained ground, and threatened to be a deal breaker in the negotiations under Article 50 TEU on UK exit from the EU (‘Brexit’). This article examines the background to the CTA, exploring its surprisingly fluid legal framework; its development in the legal systems of Ireland and the United Kingdom; and subsequently, how it was exempted from what is now EU law as the Schengen arrangements were integrated into the Union. The recent introduction of the British-Irish Visa Scheme, which formalises some visa rules regarding citizens of third states, and which tends in the direction of consolidating CTA arrangements, is also examined. The article further explores the challenges that confront the CTA in coping with the outcome of the June 2016 Brexit referendum, which should result in the UK leaving the European Union in March 2019, and the implications of Brexit for the CTA. Finally, it seeks to identify some key characteristics of the CTA in light of experience to date.
‘Hiding their troubles’: a qualitative exploration of suicide in Bhutanese refugees in the USA
Authors: Brown F. L. , Mishra T. , Frounfelker R. L. , Bhargava E. , Gautam B. , Prasai A. , Betancourt T. S.
Published: January 2019

Background.

Suicide is a major global health concern. Bhutanese refugees resettled in the USA are disproportionately affected by suicide, yet little research has been conducted to identify factors contributing to this vulnerability. This study aims to investigate the issue of suicide of Bhutanese refugee communities via an in-depth qualitative, social-ecological approach.

Methods.

Focus groups were conducted with 83 Bhutanese refugees (adults and children), to explore the perceived causes, and risk and protective factors for suicide, at individual, family, community, and societal levels. Audio recordings were translated and transcribed, and inductive thematic analysis conducted.

Results.

Themes identified can be situated across all levels of the social-ecological model. Individual thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are only fully understood when considering past experiences, and stressors at other levels of an individual's social ecology. Shifting dynamics and conflict within the family are pervasive and challenging. Within the community, there is a high prevalence of suicide, yet major barriers to communicating with others about distress and suicidality. At the societal level, difficulties relating to acculturation, citizenship, employment and finances, language, and literacy are influential. Two themes cut across several levels of the ecosystem: loss; and isolation, exclusion, and loneliness.

Conclusions.

This study extends on existing research and highlights the necessity for future intervention models of suicide to move beyond an individual focus, and consider factors at all levels of refugees’ social-ecology. Simply focusing treatment at the individual level is not sufficient. Researchers and practitioners should strive for community-driven, culturally relevant, socio-ecological approaches for prevention and treatment.
On the breakup of spiralling liquid jets
Authors: Li Yuan , Sisoev Grigori M. , Shikhmurzaev Yulii D.
Published: January 2019

The generation of drops from a jet spiralling out of a spinning device, under the action of centrifugal force, is considered for the case of small perturbations introduced at the inlet. Close to the inlet, where the disturbances can be regarded as small, their propagation is found to be qualitatively similar to that of a wave propagating down a straight jet stretched by an external body force (e.g. gravity). The dispersion equation has the same parametric dependence on the base flow, but the base flow is, of course, different. Further down the jet, where the amplitude of the disturbances becomes finite and eventually resulting in drop formation, the flow appears to be quite complex. As shown, for the regular/periodic process of drop generation, the wavelength corresponding to the frequency at the inlet, increasing as the wave propagates down the stretching jet, determines, in general, not the volume of the resulting drop but the sum of volumes of the main drop and the satellite droplet that follows the main one. The proportion of the total volume forming the main drop depends on how far down the jet the drops are produced, i.e. on the magnitude of the inlet disturbance. The volume of the main drop is found to be a linear function of the radius of the unperturbed jet evaluated at the point where the drop breaks away from the jet. This radius, and the corresponding velocity of the base flow, have to be found simultaneously with the jet’s trajectory by using a jet-specific non-orthogonal coordinate system described in detail in Shikhmurzaev & Sisoev (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 819, 2017, pp. 352–400). Some characteristic features of the nonlinear dynamics of the drop formation are discussed.
Thrust, drag and wake structure in flapping compliant membrane wings
Authors: Alon Tzezana Gali , Breuer Kenneth S.
Published: January 2019

We present a theoretical framework to characterize the steady and unsteady aeroelastic behaviour of compliant membrane wings under different conditions. We develop an analytic model based on thin airfoil theory coupled with a membrane equation. Adopting a numerical solution to the model equations, we study the effects of wing compliance, inertia and flapping kinematics on aerodynamic performance. The effects of added mass and fluid damping on a flapping membrane are quantified using a simple damped oscillator model. As the flapping frequency is increased, membranes go through a transition from thrust to drag around the resonant frequency, and this transition is earlier for more compliant membranes. The wake also undergoes a transition from a reverse von Kármán wake to a traditional von Kármán wake. The wake transition frequency is predicted to be higher than the thrust–drag transition frequency for highly compliant wings.
Sensitivity and feedback of wind-farm-induced gravity waves
Authors: Allaerts Dries , Meyers Johan
Published: January 2019

Flow blockage by large wind farms leads to an upward displacement of the boundary layer, which may excite atmospheric gravity waves in the free atmosphere and on the interface between the boundary layer and the free atmosphere. In the current study, we assess the sensitivity of wind-farm gravity-wave excitation to important dimensionless groups and investigate the feedback of gravity-wave-induced pressure fields to wind-farm energy extraction. The sensitivity analysis is performed using a fast boundary-layer model that is developed to this end. It is based on a three-layer representation of the atmosphere in an idealised barotropic environment, and is coupled with an analytical wake model to account for turbine wake interactions. We first validate the model in two-dimensional mode with data from previous large-eddy simulations of ‘infinitely’ wide wind farms, and then use the model to investigate the sensitivity of wind-farm-induced gravity waves to atmospheric state and wind-farm configuration. We find that the inversion layer induces flow physics similar to shallow-water flow and that the corresponding Froude number plays a crucial role. Gravity-wave excitation is maximal at a critical Froude number equal to one, but the feedback on energy extraction is highest when the Froude number is slightly below one due to a trade-off between amplitude and upstream impact of gravity waves. The effect of surface friction and internal gravity waves is to reduce the flow perturbation and the related power loss by dissipating or dispersing perturbation energy. With respect to the wind-farm configuration, we find that gravity-wave-induced power loss increases with wind-farm size and turbine height. Moreover, we find that gravity-wave effects are small for very wide or very long wind farms and attain a maximum at a width-to-depth ratio of approximately $3/2$.
Fully developed and transient concentration profiles of particulate suspensions sheared in a cylindrical Couette cell
Authors: Sarabian Mohammad , Firouznia Mohammadhossein , Metzger Bloen , Hormozi Sarah
Published: January 2019

We experimentally investigate particle migration in a non-Brownian suspension sheared in a Taylor–Couette configuration and in the limit of vanishing Reynolds number. Highly resolved index-matching techniques are used to measure the local particulate volume fraction. In this wide-gap Taylor–Couette configuration, we find that for a large range of bulk volume fraction,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{b}\in [20\,\%{-}50\,\%]$, the fully developed concentration profiles are well predicted by the suspension balance model of Nott & Brady (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 275, 1994, pp. 157–199). Moreover, we provide systematic measurements of the migration strain scale and of the migration amplitude which highlight the limits of the suspension balance model predictions.
Kolmogorov's dissipation number and the number of degrees of freedom for the 3D Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Cheskidov Alexey , Dai Mimi
Published: January 2019

Kolmogorov's theory of turbulence predicts that only wavenumbers below some critical value, called Kolmogorov's dissipation number, are essential to describe the evolution of a three-dimensional (3D) fluid flow. A determining wavenumber, first introduced by Foias and Prodi for the 2D Navier–Stokes equations, is a mathematical analogue of Kolmogorov's number. The purpose of this paper is to prove the existence of a time-dependent determining wavenumber for the 3D Navier–Stokes equations whose time average is bounded by Kolmogorov's dissipation wavenumber for all solutions on the global attractor whose intermittency is not extreme.
Variational characterization of Hp
Authors: Liu Honghai
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we obtain the variational characterization of Hardy space Hp for $p\in (((n)/({n+1})),1]$, and get estimates for the oscillation operator and the λ-jump operator associated with approximate identities acting on Hp for $p\in (((n)/({n+1})),1]$. Moreover, we give counterexamples to show that the oscillation and λ-jump associated with some approximate identity cannot be used to characterize Hp for $p\in (((n)/({n+1})),1]$.
Committee on Academic Freedom: Current Concerns and Initiatives
Authors: Brand Laurie A.
Published: January 2019

According to its Mission Statement, MESA's Committee on Academic Freedom (CAF) is tasked with monitoring violations of academic freedom in the MENA region as well as in North America. Violations of academic freedom are often understood as comprising governmental attempts to prevent scholars from conducting scholarly research, publishing their findings, delivering academic lectures, and traveling to international scholarly meetings. However, CAF often addresses cases in which professors and academic researchers irrespective of discipline are harassed, persecuted, dismissed or detained for their peaceful professional or personal activities, particularly if they encourage respect for human rights. In some instances, the committee has also protested state violence that has deliberately targeted educational institutions’ buildings or campuses.
Émigré Politics and the Cold War: The National Labor Alliance (NTS), United States Intelligence Agencies and Post-War Europe
Authors: Tromly Benjamin
Published: January 2019

This article examines the post-war activities of the National Labor Alliance (NTS), a far-right Russian exile organisation whose members had served in German intelligence and propaganda structures during the Second World War. Using declassified CIA documents and previously untapped sources pertaining to NTS, it analyses the transformation of a semi-fascistic, collaborationist and anti-Semitic organisation into a Cold War asset of the CIA. The NTS played a role in shaping its association with US power by applying deceptive political strategies it had adopted during the interwar period and the Second World War to the new geopolitical context of divided Europe.
Character Disorders among Autocratic World Leaders and the Impact on Health Security, Human Rights, and Humanitarian Care
Authors: Burkle Frederick M.
Published: January 2019

The development of autocratic leaders in history reveals that many share severe character disorders that are consistently similar across borders and cultures. Diplomats and humanitarians negotiating for access to populations in-need and security of their programs, especially in health, must understand the limitations placed on the traditional negotiation process. These shared character traits stem from a cognitive and emotional developmental arrest in both childhood and adolescence resulting in fixed, life-long, concrete thinking patterns. They fail to attain the last stage of mental and emotional development, that of abstract thinking, which is necessary for critical reasoning that allows one to consider the broader significance of ideas and information rather than depend on concrete details and impulses alone. These autocratic leaders have limited capacity for empathy, love, guilt, or anxiety that become developmentally permanent and guide everyday decision making. Character or personality traits that perpetuate the lives of autocratic leaders are further distinguished by sociopathic and narcissistic behaviors that self-serve to cover their constant fear of insecurity and the insatiable need for power. Human rights, humanitarian care, and population-based health security are examples of what has consistently been sacrificed under autocratic rule. Today, with the worst global loss of democratic leadership ever seen since WWII, leaders with these character traits now rule in major countries of the world. While history teaches us of battles and conflicts that result from such flawed leadership, it lacks explanations of why autocratic behaviors consistently emerge and dominate many societies. Building multidisciplinary capacity and capability in societies among democracies to limit or cease such authoritarian dominance first begins with a developmental understanding of why autocrats exist and persist in externalizing their pathological behaviors on unsuspecting and vulnerable populations, and the limitations they place on negotiations.

“…once in power, a leader with an Antisocial Personality Disorder thrives on continuing conflict and never seeks peace.” Daedalus Trust, London, 2016

BurkleFMJr.Character disorders among autocratic world leaders and the impact on health security, human rights, and humanitarian care. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(1):2–7.
The need for service change and community outreach work to support trans-cultural cognitive behaviour therapy with Black and Minority Ethnic communities
Authors: Beck Andrew , Naz Saiqa
Published: January 2019

Recently there have been a number of developments in cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) that have led to cultural adaptations of specific interventions and a greater awareness of how in general CBT might be adapted for Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) service users. These developments, however, involve change at the level of the individual therapist and particular treatment approach, but involve very few considerations of what needs to happen at the levels of teams or services in order to best meet the mental health needs of British South Asian and other BME populations. This paper summarizes the way that services need to understand how minority populations use services and how to involve those populations in developing services in order to ensure their needs are best met.
Tsunami Wavefield Reconstruction and Forecasting Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Yang Yuyun , Dunham Eric M. , Barnier Guillaume , Almquist Martin
Published: January 2019

Offshore sensor networks like DONET and S‐NET, providing real‐time estimates of wave height through measurements of pressure changes along the seafloor, are revolutionizing local tsunami early warning. Data assimilation techniques, in particular, optimal interpolation (OI), provide real‐time wavefield reconstructions and forecasts. Here we explore an alternative assimilation method, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), and compare it to OI. The methods are tested on a scenario tsunami in the Cascadia subduction zone, obtained from a 2‐D coupled dynamic earthquake and tsunami simulation. Data assimilation uses a 1‐D linear long‐wave model. We find that EnKF achieves more accurate and stable forecasts than OI, both at the coast and across the entire domain, especially for large station spacing. Although EnKF is more computationally expensive than OI, with development in high‐performance computing, it is a promising candidate for real‐time local tsunami early warning.
Accelerated Volume Loss in Glacier Ablation Zones of NE Greenland, Little Ice Age to Present
Authors: Carrivick Jonathan L. , Boston Clare M. , King Owen , James William H. M. , Quincey Duncan J. , Smith Mark W. , Grimes Michael , Evans Jeff
Published: January 2019

Mountain glaciers at the periphery of the Greenland ice sheet are a crucial freshwater and sediment source to the North Atlantic and strongly impact Arctic terrestrial, fjord, and coastal biogeochemical cycles. In this study we mapped the extent of 1,848 mountain glaciers in NE Greenland at the Little Ice Age. We determined area and volume changes for the time periods Little Ice Age to 1980s and 1980s to 2014 and equilibrium line altitudes. There was at least 172.76 ± 34.55‐km3 volume lost between 1910 and 1980s, that is, a rate of 2.61 ± 0.52 km3/year. Between 1980s and 2014 the volume lost was 90.55 ± 18.11 km3, that is, a rate of 3.22 ± 0.64 km3/year, implying an increase of ~23% in the rate of ice volume loss. Overall, at least ~7% of mass loss from Greenland mountain glaciers and ice caps has come from the NE sector.
Space Weather Modeling Capabilities Assessment: Auroral Precipitation and High‐Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics
Authors: Robinson Robert , Zhang Yongliang , Garcia‐Sage Katherine , Fang Xiaohua , Verkhoglyadova Olga P. , Ngwira Chigomezyo , Bingham Suzy , Kosar Burcu , Zheng Yihua , Kaeppler Stephen , Liemohn Michael , Weygand James M. , Crowley Geoffrey , Merkin Viacheslav , McGranaghan Ryan , Mannucci Anthony J.
Published: January 2019

As part of its International Capabilities Assessment effort, the Community Coordinated Modeling Center initiated several working teams, one of which is focused on the validation of models and methods for determining auroral electrodynamic parameters, including particle precipitation, conductivities, electric fields, neutral density and winds, currents, Joule heating, auroral boundaries, and ion outflow. Auroral electrodynamic properties are needed as input to space weather models, to test and validate the accuracy of physical models, and to provide needed information for space weather customers and researchers. The working team developed a process for validating auroral electrodynamic quantities that begins with the selection of a set of events, followed by construction of ground truth databases using all available data and assimilative data analysis techniques. Using optimized, predefined metrics, the ground truth data for selected events can be used to assess model performance and improvement over time. The availability of global observations and sophisticated data assimilation techniques provides the means to create accurate ground truth databases routinely and accurately.
New Program Connects Ocean Health and National Security
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: January 2019

Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse says the security risk along the U.S.–Mexican border pales compared with the security threat from the decline in ocean health.
Detecting Fugitive Methane Leaks for Public Safety
Authors: Brown Katie
Published: January 2019

A holistic approach to tracking leaks from natural gas pipelines could prevent explosions and also help reduce greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
Publisher Correction: Exocyst dynamics during vesicle tethering and fusion
Authors: Ahmed Syed Mukhtar , Nishida-Fukuda Hisayo , Li Yuchong , McDonald W. Hayes , Gradinaru Claudiu C. , Macara Ian G.
Published: January 2019

The original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. Affiliation 2 incorrectly read ‘Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, 7910295, Japan’ and affiliation 3 incorrectly read ‘Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsuyama 7910295, Japan.’ These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Publisher Correction: Integrating chemical and mechanical signals through dynamic coupling between cellular protrusions and pulsed ERK activation
Authors: Yang Jr-Ming , Bhattacharya Sayak , West-Foyle Hoku , Hung Chien-Fu , Wu T.-C. , Iglesias Pablo A. , Huang Chuan-Hsiang
Published: January 2019

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Jr-Ming Yang, which was incorrectly given as J.-Ming Yang. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Publisher Correction: Integrating chemical and mechanical signals through dynamic coupling between cellular protrusions and pulsed ERK activation
Authors: Yang Jr-Ming , Bhattacharya Sayak , West-Foyle Hoku , Hung Chien-Fu , Wu T.-C. , Iglesias Pablo A. , Huang Chuan-Hsiang
Published: January 2019

In the original version of this Article, the label “RTK” in Figure 6a was inadvertently changed to “RTE”. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
A long-term, temporally consistent, gridded daily meteorological dataset for northwestern North America
Authors: Werner A. T. , Schnorbus M. A. , Shrestha R. R. , Cannon A. J. , Zwiers F. W. , Dayon G. , Anslow F.
Published: January 2019

We describe a spatially contiguous, temporally consistent high-resolution gridded daily meteorological dataset for northwestern North America. This >4 million km2 region has high topographic relief, seasonal snowpack, permafrost and glaciers, crosses multiple jurisdictional boundaries and contains the entire Yukon, Mackenzie, Saskatchewan, Fraser and Columbia drainages. We interpolate daily station data to 1/16° spatial resolution using a high-resolution monthly 1971–2000 climatology as a predictor in a thin-plate spline interpolating algorithm. Only temporally consistent climate stations with at least 40 years of record are included. Our approach is designed to produce a dataset well suited for driving hydrological models and training statistical downscaling schemes. We compare our results to two commonly used datasets and show improved performance for climate means, extremes and variability. When used to drive a hydrologic model, our dataset also outperforms these datasets for runoff ratios and streamflow trends in several, high elevation, sub-basins of the Fraser River.
A cloud-free MODIS snow cover dataset for the contiguous United States from 2000 to 2017
Authors: Tran Hoang , Nguyen Phu , Ombadi Mohammed , Hsu Kuo-lin , Sorooshian Soroosh , Qing Xia
Published: January 2019

This article presents a cloud-free snow cover dataset with a daily temporal resolution and 0.05° spatial resolution from March 2000 to February 2017 over the contiguous United States (CONUS). The dataset was developed by completely removing clouds from the original NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Snow Cover Area product (MOD10C1) through a series of spatiotemporal filters followed by the Variational Interpolation (VI) algorithm; the filters and VI algorithm were evaluated using bootstrapping test. The dataset was validated over the period with the Landsat 7 ETM+ snow cover maps in the Seattle, Minneapolis, Rocky Mountains, and Sierra Nevada regions. The resulting cloud-free snow cover captured accurately dynamic changes of snow throughout the period in terms of Probability of Detection (POD) and False Alarm Ratio (FAR) with average values of 0.955 and 0.179 for POD and FAR, respectively. The dataset provides continuous inputs of snow cover area for hydrologic studies for almost two decades. The VI algorithm can be applied in other regions given that a proper validation can be performed.
An advanced microwave-assisted extraction-low density solvent based on a sensitive microextraction method coupled with reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography for the simultaneous determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines in fried chicken nuggets
Authors: Barzegar Fatemeh , Omidi Narges , Kamankesh Marzieh , Mohammadi Abdorreza , Ferdowsi Roohallah , Jazaeri Sahar
Published: January 2019

MAE-LDS-DLLME-HPLC as an efficient technique to determine HAAs in fried chicken nuggets.
Diverse outcomes of CO2 fixation using alkali metal amides including formation of a heterobimetallic lithium–sodium carbamato-anhydride via lithium–sodium bis-hexamethyldisilazide
Authors: Gauld Richard M. , Kennedy Alan R. , McLellan Ross , Barker Jim , Reid Jacqueline , Mulvey Robert E.
Published: January 2019

Mixed-metal synergistic activation of CO2 leads to a crystalline mixed-metal carbamato-anhydride polymer.
Laser synthesis of oxygen vacancy-modified CoOOH for highly efficient oxygen evolution
Authors: Meng Chao , Lin Mengchang , Sun Xuechun , Chen Xiaodong , Chen Xuemin , Du Xiwen , Zhou Yue
Published: January 2019

Laser ablation in liquids has been, for the first time, employed to produce oxygen vacancy-modified CoOOH nanosheets for efficient water oxidation.
Monodisperse polyethylene glycol “brushes” with enhanced lipophilicity, and thermo and plasma stability
Authors: Li Yu , Wang Xuemeng , Chen Yongping , Yang Zhigang , Jiang Zhong-Xing
Published: January 2019

Programmable peptidic M-PEG “brushes” exhibit peculiar physicochemical and biological properties as versatile biomaterials.
Spy vs. spy: selecting the best reporter for 19F NMR competition experiments
Authors: de Castro Guilherme Vieira , Ciulli Alessio
Published: January 2019

Characterization of a series of fluorinated compounds for competitive 19F NMR reveals the principles that can guide developing highly sensitive assays.
Butterfly proboscis-inspired tight rolling tapered soft actuators
Authors: Sol Jeroen A. H. P. , Peeketi Akhil R. , Vyas Nihit , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Annabattula Ratna K. , Debije Michael G.
Published: January 2019

Tight bending bio-inspired soft actuators were fashioned in liquid crystalline networks by using a novel tapered film geometry.
The first lithium difluorophosphate LiPO2F2with a neutral polytetrahedral microporous architecture
Authors: Han Guopeng , Wang Ying , Li Hao , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie
Published: January 2019

The first lithium difluorophosphate LiPO2F2with a unique microporous architecture and improved optical properties was synthesized and characterized.
Mapping the dynamics of methanol and xenon co-adsorption in SWNTs by in situ continuous-flow hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR
Authors: Xu Shutao , Li Xin , Sun Cheng , Zheng Anmin , Zhang Weiping , Han Xiuwen , Liu Xianchun , Bao Xinhe
Published: January 2019

A comparative study of the dynamics of methanol in SWNTs and MCM-41 was performed by in situ continuous-flow laser-hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR.
Theoretical screening of promising donor and π-linker groups for POM-based Zn–porphyrin dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Gao Yu , Guan Wei , Yan Likai , Xu Yanhong
Published: January 2019

A series of Zn–porphyrin dyes with different donor and π-linker groups based on the dye SM315 were systematically investigated to screen highly efficient candidates based on density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations.
Crystallographic and electronic evolution of lanthanum strontium ferrite (La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ) thin film and bulk model systems during iron exsolution
Authors: Götsch Thomas , Köpfle Norbert , Grünbacher Matthias , Bernardi Johannes , Carbonio Emilia A. , Hävecker Michael , Knop-Gericke Axel , Bekheet Maged F. , Schlicker Lukas , Doran Andrew , Gurlo Aleksander , Franz Alexandra , Klötzer Bernhard , Penner Simon
Published: January 2019

We study the changes in the crystallographic phases and in the chemical states during the iron exsolution process of lanthanum strontium ferrite (LSF, La0.6Sr0.4FeO3−δ).
Polymer-derived Co/Ni–SiOC(N) ceramic electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells
Authors: Canuto de Almeida e Silva Thamires , Mooste Marek , Kibena-Põldsepp Elo , Matisen Leonard , Merisalu Maido , Kook Mati , Sammelselg Väino , Tammeveski Kaido , Wilhelm Michaela , Rezwan Kurosch
Published: January 2019

For the first time, the oxygen reduction reaction on transition metal and nitrogen doped SiOC-based electrocatalysts is studied.
Phosphorescent rhenium-dipyrrinates: efficient photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation
Authors: Manav Neha , Kesavan Praseetha E. , Ishida Masatoshi , Mori Shigeki , Yasutake Yuhsuke , Fukatsu Susumu , Furuta Hiroyuki , Gupta Iti
Published: January 2019

A series of rhenium(i) dipyrrinato complexes (Re1–Re8) have been prepared and characterized; their crystal structures, phosphorescence and singlet oxygen generation studies are reported.
An anticoagulant peptide from beta-casein: identification, structure and molecular mechanism
Authors: Liu Hanxiong , Tu Maolin , Cheng Shuzhen , Chen Hui , Wang Zhenyu , Du Ming
Published: January 2019

A bioactive peptide is identified from casein hydrolysates.
Environmental certifications and programs roadmap for a sustainable chemical industry
Authors: Swarr T. E. , Cucciniello R. , Cespi D.
Published: January 2019

Benign chemistry will require companies to develop holistic approaches that manage chemicals from three different perspectives that focus on chemicals, products and the organization.
Selective depolymerization of lignin catalyzed by nickel supported on zirconium phosphate
Authors: Ma Hongwei , Li Haowei , Zhao Weijie , Li Lixia , Liu Sijie , Long Jinxing , Li Xuehui
Published: January 2019

A novel process for efficient para ethyl phenol production was provided via the selective cleavage of pCA8 linkage of lignin.
Electrochemical oxidation synergizing with Brønsted-acid catalysis leads to [4 + 2] annulation for the synthesis of pyrazines
Authors: Liu Kun , Song Chunlan , Wu Jiarong , Deng Yuqi , Tang Shan , Lei Aiwen
Published: January 2019

Electrochemical oxidative [4 + 2] annulation for the synthesis of pyrazines.
Metal and graphene hybrid metasurface designed ultra-wideband terahertz absorbers with polarization and incident angle insensitivity
Authors: Peng Lin , Li Xiao-ming , Liu Xiao , Jiang Xing , Li Si-min
Published: January 2019

In this research, a new technique for ultra-wideband (UWB) absorber design is proposed. Our design approach includes a metal metasurface and a graphene metasurface. It is found that the hybrid metal and graphene metasurfaces trap very wideband EM waves in the structure, which contributes to UWB wave absorption.
Mechanistic control of a galvanic replacement reaction on cuprous oxide
Authors: Lowe James M. , Coridan Robert H.
Published: January 2019

The galvanic replacement (GR) reaction of Au on Cu2O is mediated by the disproportionation of the substrate. As a result, the morphology of the deposited film can be controlled by the chemical conditions.
Rapid release from near-infrared polymer loaded liposomes for photothermal and chemo-combined therapy
Authors: Li Dehua , Zhang Meiduo , Yao Jingke , Zhang Zhe
Published: January 2019

A novel near-infrared conjugated polymer, PDPPT, was designed and encapsulated in PEG-protected liposomes to photothermally accelerate the release of DOX.
Self-healing and tough GO-supported hydrogels preparedviasurface-initiated ATRP and photocatalytic modification
Authors: Fan Dechao , Wang Wenxiang , Chen Hou , Bai Liangjiu , Yang Huawei , Wei Donglei , Yang Lixia , Xue Zhongxin , Niu Yuzhong
Published: January 2019

Hydrogels with the properties of self-healing, toughness, stiffness and strength have great potential for use in smart materials.
Bagasse-based adsorbent with nitric acid esterification and Fe(iii) chelation for the highly efficient removal of low concentration phosphate from water
Authors: Cai Yixin , Liu Chao , Lu Yuqin , Luo Xiaogang , Zeng Jian
Published: January 2019

Fe-CB has great phosphate adsorption performance. The mechanism of this phosphate adsorption process has been explained.
Effect of thermal annealing on the physico-chemical and tribological performance of hydrophobic alkylated graphene sheets
Authors: Samanta Suprakash , Singh Santosh , Sahoo Rashmi R.
Published: January 2019

Modulating physico-chemical and structural evolution of thermally treated functionalized graphitic nanolubricants for effective control of metallic sliding contact friction.
Optical absorption spectroscopy in hybrid systems of plasmons and excitons
Authors: Lai Chen-Yen , Trugman S. A. , Zhu Jian-Xin
Published: January 2019

Understanding the physics of light emitters in quantum nanostructures regarding scalability, geometry, structure of the system and coupling between different degrees of freedom is important as one can improve the design and further provide rigorous controls of quantum devices.
Surface-assisted assembly of a histidine-rich lipidated peptide for simultaneous exfoliation of graphite and functionalization of graphene nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Lei , Sheng Yuebiao , Zehtab Yazdi Alireza , Sarikhani Kaveh , Wang Feng , Jiang Yunsheng , Liu Juewen , Zheng Tao , Wang Wei , Ouyang Pingkai , Chen Pu
Published: January 2019

A systematically designed peptide is applied to produce biocompatible graphene for cancer drug delivery.
Self-healable gradient copolymers
Authors: Cui Jing , Ma Zhe , Pan Li , An Chun-Hua , Liu Jing , Zhou Yu-Feng , Li Yue-Sheng
Published: January 2019

Synergistic hard/soft gradient distribution and dynamic ionic interactions impart high mechanical strength, toughness, stretchability and tenacious self-healing ability to copolymers.
Low temperature atomic layer deposition of zirconium oxide for inkjet printed transistor applications
Authors: Jewel Mohi Uddin , Mahmud MD Shamim , Monne Mahmuda Akter , Zakhidov Alex , Chen Maggie Yihong
Published: January 2019

We report the growth of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) as a high-k gate dielectric for an inkjet-printed transistor using a low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) from tetrakis(dimethylamido)zirconium (TDMAZr) and water precursors.
Synthesis and photocatalytic activities of a CuO/TiO2 composite catalyst using aquatic plants with accumulated copper as a template
Authors: Lu Dongfang , Zelekew Osman Ahmed , Abay Angaw Kelemework , Huang Qitang , Chen Xiaoyun , Zheng Yushan
Published: January 2019

A CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst was synthesized by using a hydrolysis method. In the synthesis, the Eichhornia crassipes accumulated with copper was used and combined with titanium chloride precursor.
Isolation of maltol derivatives fromStellera chamaejasmeand the anti-atopic properties of maltol on skin lesions in DNCB-stimulated mice
Authors: Jo Beom-Geun , Park No-June , Kim Su-Nam , Jegal Jonghwan , Choi Sangho , Lee Sang Woo , Yi Li Wan , Lee Seoung Rak , Kim Ki Hyun , Yang Min Hye
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to isolate maltol derivatives fromS. chamaejasmeand to investigate the anti-atopic dermatitis (anti-AD) effect of maltol in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-sensitized mouse model of AD.
The fate of bromine after temperature-induced dehydrogenation of on-surface synthesized bisheptahelicene
Authors: Mairena Anaïs , Baljozovic Milos , Kawecki Maciej , Grenader Konstantin , Wienke Martin , Martin Kévin , Bernard Laetitia , Avarvari Narcis , Terfort Andreas , Ernst Karl-Heinz , Wäckerlin Christian
Published: January 2019

The dehydrogenation of bisheptahelicene leads to specific products and induces desorption of the side-product bromine as hydrogen bromide.
Doping strategies for small molecule organic hole-transport materials: impacts on perovskite solar cell performance and stability
Authors: Schloemer Tracy H. , Christians Jeffrey A. , Luther Joseph M. , Sellinger Alan
Published: January 2019

Dopants for small molecule-based organic hole-transport layers impact both perovskite solar cells initial performance and long-term stability.
Efficient synthesis of chiral 2,3-dihydro-benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxides via Rh-catalyzed hydrogenation
Authors: Liu Gongyi , Zhang Heng , Huang Yi , Han Zhengyu , Liu Gang , Liu Yuanhua , Dong Xiu-Qin , Zhang Xumu
Published: January 2019

Rh-Catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of substituted benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxides was successfully developed. Both aromatic and alkyl substituted benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxide substrates worked well with high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.
Design of efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence blue host for high performance solution-processed hybrid white organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Ban Xinxin , Chen Feng , Liu Yan , Pan Jie , Zhu Aiyun , Jiang Wei , Sun Yueming
Published: January 2019

A highly efficient solution-processible TADF blue host is developed by molecular encapsulation. Due to the steric shield effect of the peripheral units, the triplet–triplet and triplet–polaron quenching of the TADF blue host are restricted.
Boosting photocatalytic water splitting by tuning built-in electric field at phase junction
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Xuebing , Bai Yu , Li Chun , Gao Ying , Li Rengui , Li Can
Published: January 2019

Constructing a built-in electric field at the interface of semiconductors has been demonstrated to provide the driving force for spatial charge separation in photocatalysis.
Uniform Pd0.33Ir0.67 nanoparticles supported on nitrogen-doped carbon with remarkable activity toward the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction
Authors: Cong Yuanyuan , McCrum Ian T. , Gao Xueqiang , Lv Yang , Miao Shu , Shao Zhigang , Yi Baolian , Yu Hongmei , Janik Michael J. , Song Yujiang
Published: January 2019

The excellent alkaline HOR electrocatalytic performance on Pd1−xIrx/N-C arises from the appropriate strength of hydrogen binding and the strongest oxophilic property.
Designing of hierarchical mesoporous/macroporous silicon-based composite anode material for low-cost high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cui Min , Wang Lin , Guo Xianwei , Wang Errui , Yang Yubo , Wu Tianhao , He Di , Liu Shiqi , Yu Haijun
Published: January 2019

A mass-produced and low-cost hierarchical mesoporous/macroporous silicon-based composite material with an ample porous structure and dual carbon protective layers has been rationally designed and constructed. The Si/SiO2@C composite anode materials for LIBs show enhanced electrochemical properties.
Highly efficient photogenerated electron transfer at a black phosphorus/indium selenide heterostructure interface from ultrafast dynamics
Authors: Niu Xianghong , Li Yunhai , Zhang Yehui , Zheng Qijing , Zhao Jin , Wang Jinlan
Published: January 2019

Highly efficient photogenerated electron transfer at a black phosphorus/indium selenide heterostructure interface by an adiabatic mechanism.
Cryo-EM in drug discovery
Authors: Ceska Tom , Chung Chun-Wa , Cooke Rob , Phillips Chris , Williams Pamela A.
Published: January 2019

The impact of structural biology on drug discovery is well documented, and the workhorse technique for the past 30 years or so has been X-ray crystallography. With the advent of several technological improvements, including direct electron detectors, automation, better microscope vacuums and lenses, phase plates and improvements in computing power enabled by GPUs, it is now possible to record and analyse images of protein structures containing high-resolution information. This review, from a pharmaceutical perspective, highlights some of the most relevant and interesting protein structures for the pharmaceutical industry and shows examples of how ligand-binding sites, membrane proteins, both big and small, pseudo symmetry and complexes are being addressed by this technique.
Initiating DNA replication: a matter of prime importance
Authors: Bell Stephen D.
Published: January 2019

It has been known for decades that the principal replicative DNA polymerases that effect genome replication are incapable of starting DNA synthesis de novo. Rather, they require a 3′-OH group from which to extend a DNA chain. Cellular DNA replication systems exploit a dedicated, limited processivity RNA polymerase, termed primase, that synthesizes a short oligoribonucleotide primer which is then extended by a DNA polymerase. Thus, primases can initiate synthesis, proceed with primer elongation for a short distance then transfer the primer to a DNA polymerase. Despite these well-established properties, the mechanistic basis of these dynamic behaviours has only recently been established. In the following, the author will describe recent insights from studies of the related eukaryotic and archaeal DNA primases. Significantly, the general conclusions from these studies likely extend to a broad class of extrachromosomal element-associated primases as well as the human primase-related DNA repair enzyme, PrimPol.
Comparison of internal grid topologies of offshore wind farms regarding reliability and economic performance metrics analysis
Authors: Pereira Tiago , Castro Rui
Published: January 2019

Despite higher winds, the investment and operation and maintenance costs of offshore wind farms are still high as compared to onshore solutions. This highlights the importance of an increased reliability, because the occurrence of a failure can result in long downtimes due to inaccessibility of the site during harsh weather conditions. This study performs a reliability analysis of the internal grid of an offshore wind farm, comparing different topologies and their economic outcome. The research addresses both a redundancy between each pair of two strings (classical redundancy design) and a redundancy between already redundantly paired sets of strings (newly proposed redundancy design). The results show that the use of a redundancy scheme leads to a positive Net Present Value (NPV) and an interesting Internal Rate of Return (IRR), which can be an appealing investment. Moreover, it is more profitable to simply rate the cables to support normal operation conditions at rated power rather than increasing the cable ratings to support all failure scenarios. Overall, the topology that shows the best economic results combined with a good reliability is the topology with cable ratings based on regular conditions with a redundancy in the middle of the string between each pair of two strings.
Square‐root‐extended complex Kalman filter for estimation of symmetrical components in power system
Authors: Cui Bowen
Published: January 2019

The paper presents a square‐root‐extended complex Kalman filter (SRECKF) by decomposing covariance matrix with its square‐root forms to improve stability of the filter for estimating complex number. αβ transformation is used to map three‐phase instantaneous voltages in the abc phases into instantaneous voltages on the αβ axes, and a non‐linear state equation and observation equation of the three‐phase voltages are built by introducing a complex vector and defining state variables. Positive symmetrical component, negative symmetrical components, and frequency of the three‐phase voltages are estimated using traditional extended complex Kalman filter (ECKF), the estimation results show that the method proposed here are superior to traditional extended complex Kalman filter on estimation accuracy and convergence rate.
Research of control strategies of MMC based on full bridge sub‐modules
Authors: Zhang Jianpo , Jiang Chuan , Chen Chongchong
Published: January 2019

Although full bridge sub‐module topologies require more power devices than half bridge topology, it can offer flexible control of positive, negative, and zero voltage output characteristics. Here, full‐bridge MMC with three kinds of operating modes as positive, negative voltage output with low voltage operation, and DC‐link fault current suppression with zero voltage output are studied. To deal with the problem of insulation reduction when long‐distance overhead line is applied and reduced DC voltage operation is required when LCC is connected with MMC, the effect of constant power and reduced power transmission on the storage capacitor voltage balance are studied. What is more, the zero voltage output characteristic is also studied not only to avoid the problem that the sub‐module capacitor voltage may diverge due to long time blocking converter during DC line fault but also to supply reactive power for AC grid. Control strategies are designed under different operating modes to achieve full bridge MMC flexible operation. Finally, a simulation model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC to simulate the output characteristics of full‐bridge MMC in different operation modes.
Analysis on operation situation and main functions of pumped‐storage power plants in China southern power grid
Authors: Liu Guozhong , Zheng F. L. , Xia Y. F. , Kang L. , Zhang Z. Y.
Published: January 2019

Expected to 2020, China Southern Power Grid (CSG) installed capacity of pumped‐storage power plant (PSPP) will reach 7,880 MW. This paper summarises the operation situation and describes the main functions of PSPP in CSG, mainly Guangzhou PSPP and Huizhou PSPP. According to the characteristic of Guangdong power system, various functions such as peak‐valley load regulation, frequency control, phase shifting, emergency reserve, and black start‐up of PSPP are studied here. At the same time, this paper points out the existing problems, such as economic operation of PSPP in CSG needs to be optimised and presents corresponding proposals for improvement.
Modeling (Im) mobility: the decision to stay in disaster prone area amongs fishermen community in Semarang
Authors: Amin Choirul , Sukamdi  , Rijanta
Published: January 2019

The existing literature on population immobility, especially immobility associated with climate change-related disaster, is very finite. Consequently, the understanding of population immobility in disaster-prone areas is still low. This article adds to the literature on population immobility by modeling decision to stay in the disaster-prone area amongst fishermen community in Tambak Lorok, Semarang. The survey was conducted among the residents of Kampung Tambak Lorok Semarang, which is prone to 3 disasters simultaneously i.e. sea level rise, land subsidence, and tidal inundation. The study sample was 235 heads of households selected using proportional sampling area technique. This study constructs three factors: place valuation, disaster adaptation, and stakeholder intervention. These three factors used as explanatory variables for modeling the decision to stay. The study employed a Confirmatory Factor Analysis using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyses the data and examines the logical relationship between those three factors in staying decision. Our results suggest that the place valuation and disaster adaptation significantly influence the decision to stay, while stakeholder interventions are influential but not significant. We concur that residents with positive place valuation and good disaster adaptation tend to stay although threatening by disaster. More broadly, this study contributes to our understanding of population immobility in the disaster-prone area by modeling the decision to stay.