bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schematics Retrieval Using Whole-Graph Embedding Similarity
Authors: Almasri Feras , Debeir Olivier
Published: March 2024

This paper addresses the pressing environmental concern of plastic waste, particularly in the biopharmaceutical production sector, where single-use assemblies (SUAs) significantly contribute to this issue. To address and mitigate this problem, we propose a unique approach centered around the standardization and optimization of SUA drawings through digitization and structured representation. Leveraging the non-Euclidean properties of SUA drawings, we employ a graph-based representation, utilizing graph convolutional networks (GCNs) to capture complex structural relationships. Introducing a novel weakly supervised method for the similarity-based retrieval of SUA graph networks, we optimize graph embeddings in a low-dimensional Euclidean space. Our method demonstrates effectiveness in retrieving similar graphs that share the same functionality, offering a promising solution to reduce plastic waste in pharmaceutical assembly processes.
Predicting Wood Density Using Resistance Drilling: The Effect of Varying Feed Speed and RPM
Authors: Gendvilas Vilius , Downes Geoffrey M. , Lausberg Marco , Harrington Jonathan J. , Lee David J.
Published: March 2024

The IML PD series Resi is a device used to assess the drilling resistance of wood. The IML PD series Resi instrument is being widely adopted for commercial wood quality assessment due to its speed, cost-effectiveness, and precision when combined with web-based trace processing. Collecting Resi data with fixed feed speed and RPM settings is challenging due to inherent basic density variations within and between tree species. Altering these settings affects the drilling resistance amplitude of the Resi data, impacting basic density predictions. This study introduces the concept of chip thickness to combine feed speed and RPM into a single parameter to minimise the effects of different sampling conditions on the basic density predictions. Regression models, with chip thickness as the regressor variable, account for 97% to 99% of variance in mean Resi outerwood amplitude across six species. The demonstrated adaptability of chip thickness for adjusting feed speed and RPM settings, along with species-specific functions correlating it with Resi amplitude, holds promise for standardizing amplitude values across diverse feed speeds and RPM settings. Optimal sampling conditions needed to predict basic density lie within the 30%–40% amplitude range. To drill a ~30 cm diameter tree, the recommended fastest settings were 200 cm/min and 3500 RPM for Southern Pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii (Engelm) × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis (Sénéclauze)) and Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata (D. Don.)), 200 cm/min and 2500 RPM for Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamii (Mudie)), 50 cm/min and 5000 RPM for Spotted Gum (Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata (F. Muell.)), 200 cm/min and 4500 RPM for White Cypress (Callitris glaucophylla (Thompson & Johnson)), and 150 cm/min and 3500 RPM for Shining Gum (Eucalyptus nitens (H. Deane & Maiden) Maiden) based on the billets sampled.
Exploring Tree Density Increases after Fire Exclusion in the Northern Front Range and Great Plains, Colorado, USA
Authors: Hanberry Brice B. , Seidel Jacob M. , DeLeon Phillip
Published: March 2024

Since Euro-American settlement and associated fire exclusion, grasslands and open forests have converted to forests throughout the United States. Contributing to the weight of evidence, we determined if forestation also occurred in forests and grasslands of Colorado. Our study extent encompassed landscapes of the 0.5 million ha Arapaho and Roosevelt National Forests in the northern Front Range (eastern side) of the southern Rocky Mountains and the 1 million ha Weld County, which contains Pawnee National Grassland, in the Great Plains grasslands. We quantified tree composition, cover, and densities from historical (years 1863 to 1886) tree surveys, current surveys (2002 to 2011), and land cover (2016) to identify departures. In the Arapaho and Roosevelt, historical lack of tree presence and overall low tree densities suggested an open landscape, due to about 70% of 7134 survey points without two trees within 60 m. The treed landscape, which was not continuously forested, had density estimates of about 153 trees/ha. In contrast, the current landscape was 68% forested with high tree densities; fire-dependent pines decreased relative to subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) increases. In Weld County, seven trees were surveyed historically, whereas currently, woody cover totaled 2555 ha. Uniquely applying historical surveys at landscape scales, we documented an open landscape in the northern Front Range, unlike previous research, and rare tree presence in the relatively understudied grasslands of Colorado. Forestation corresponded with changes in U.S. grasslands and forests following Euro-American settlement and associated fire exclusion.
Fire Detection in Urban Areas Using Multimodal Data and Federated Learning
Authors: Sharma Ashutosh , Kumar Rajeev , Kansal Isha , Popli Renu , Khullar Vikas , Verma Jyoti , Kumar Sunil
Published: March 2024

Fire chemical sensing for indoor detection of fire plays an essential role because it can detect chemical volatiles before smoke particles, providing a faster and more reliable method for early fire detection. A thermal imaging camera and seven distinct fire-detecting sensors were used simultaneously to acquire the multimodal fire data that is the subject of this paper. The low-cost sensors typically have lower sensitivity and reliability, making it impossible for them to detect fire at greater distances. To go beyond the limitation of using solely sensors for identifying fire, the multimodal dataset is collected using a thermal camera that can detect temperature changes. The proposed pipeline uses image data from thermal cameras to train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and their many versions. The training of sensors data (from fire sensors) uses bidirectional long-short memory (BiLSTM-Dense) and dense and long-short memory (LSTM-DenseDenseNet201), and the merging of both datasets demonstrates the performance of multimodal data. Researchers and system developers can use the dataset to create and hone cutting-edge artificial intelligence models and systems. Initial evaluation of the image dataset has shown densenet201 as the best approach with the highest validation parameters (0.99, 0.99, 0.99, and 0.08), i.e., Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and Loss, respectively. However, the sensors dataset has also shown the highest parameters with the BILSTM-Dense approach (0.95, 0.95, 0.95, 0.14). In a multimodal data approach, image and sensors deployed with a multimodal algorithm (densenet201 for image data and Bi LSTM- Dense for Sensors Data) has shown other parameters (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 0.06). This work demonstrates that, in comparison to the conventional deep learning approach, the federated learning (FL) approach performs privacy-protected fire leakage classification without significantly sacrificing accuracy and other validation parameters.
Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum: A Review with Emphasis on Fermented Foods
Authors: Iorizzo Massimo , Di Martino Catello , Letizia Francesco , Crawford Thomas W. , Paventi Gianluca
Published: March 2024

The term Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) refers generically to a class of positional and geometric conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid. Among the isomers of linoleic acid cis9, trans11-CLA (c9, t11-CLA) and trans10, cis12-CLA (t10, c12-CLA) are found to be biologically active isomers, and they occur naturally in milk, dairy products and meat from ruminants. In addition, some vegetables and some seafoods have also been reported to contain CLA. Although the CLA levels in these natural sources are insufficient to confer the essential health benefits, anti-carcinogenic or anti-cancer effects are of current interest. In the rumen, CLA is an intermediate of isomerization and the biohydrogenation process of linoleic acid to stearic acid conducted by ruminal microorganisms. In addition to rumen bacteria, some other bacteria, such as Propionibacterium, Bifidobacterium and some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are also capable of producing CLA. In this regard, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) has demonstrated the ability to produce CLA isomers from linoleic acid by multiple enzymatic activities, including hydration, dehydration, and isomerization. L. plantarum is one of the most versatile species of LAB and the bacterium is widely used in the food industry as a microbial food culture. Thus, in this review we critically analyzed the literature produced in the last ten years with the aim to highlight the potentiality as well as the optimal conditions for CLA production by L. plantarum. Evidence was provided suggesting that the use of appropriate strains of L. plantarum, as a starter or additional culture in the production of some fermented foods, can be considered a critical factor in the design of new CLA-enriched functional foods.
Preparation, Isolation and Antioxidant Function of Peptides from a New Resource of Rumexpatientia L. ×Rumextianshanicus A. Los
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Jianing , Hong Dan , Chen Zhou , Li Siting , Ma Aijin , Jia Yingmin
Published: March 2024

Rumexpatientia L. ×Rumextianshanicus A. Los (RRL), known as “protein grass” in China, was recognized as a new food ingredient in 2021. However, the cultivation and product development of RRL are still at an early stage, and no peptide research has been reported. In this study, two novel antioxidant peptides, LKPPF and LPFRP, were purified and identified from RRL and applied to H2O2-induced HepG2 cells to investigate their antioxidant properties. It was shown that 121 peptides were identified by ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and LC-MS/MS, while computer simulation and molecular docking indicated that LKPPF and LPFRP may have strong antioxidant properties. Both peptides were not cytotoxic to HepG2 cells at low concentrations and promoted cell growth, which effectively reduced the production of intracellular ROS and MDA, and increased cell viability and the enzymatic activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT. Therefore, LKPPF and LPFRP, two peptides, possess strong antioxidant activity, which provides a theoretical basis for their potential as food additives or functional food supplements, but still need to be further investigated through animal models as well as cellular pathways.
New Inequalities Using Multiple Erdélyi–Kober Fractional Integral Operators
Authors: Tassaddiq Asifa , Srivastava Rekha , Alharbi Rabab , Kasmani Ruhaila Md , Qureshi Sania
Published: March 2024

The role of fractional integral inequalities is vital in fractional calculus to develop new models and techniques in the most trending sciences. Taking motivation from this fact, we use multiple Erdélyi–Kober (M-E-K) fractional integral operators to establish Minkowski fractional inequalities. Several other new and novel fractional integral inequalities are also established. Compared to the existing results, these fractional integral inequalities are more general and substantial enough to create new and novel results. M-E-K fractional integral operators have been previously applied for other purposes but have never been applied to the subject of this paper. These operators generalize a popular class of fractional integrals; therefore, this approach will open an avenue for new research. The smart properties of these operators urge us to investigate more results using them.
Network Pharmacology Prediction and Molecular Docking-Based Strategy to Explore the Potential Mechanism of Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction against Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wang Wei-Lu , Chen Yan
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate targets through which Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction aids in treating myocardial infarction (MI) using network pharmacology in combination with molecular docking. The principal active ingredients of Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction were identified from the TCMSP database using the criteria of drug-likeness ≥30% and oral bioavailability ≥0.18. Interactions and pathway enrichment were investigated using protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, respectively. Active component structures were docked with those of potential protein targets using AutoDock molecular docking relative softwares. HIF1A was of particular interest as it was identified by the PPI network, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. In conclusion, the use of network pharmacology prediction and molecular docking assessments provides further information on the active components and mechanisms of action Gualou Xiebai Banxia decoction.
Geospatial Technology for Sustainable Agricultural Water Management in India—A Systematic Review
Authors: Tarate Suryakant Bajirao , Patel N. R. , Danodia Abhishek , Pokhariyal Shweta , Parida Bikash Ranjan
Published: March 2024

Effective management of water resources is crucial for sustainable development in any region. When considering computer-aided analysis for resource management, geospatial technology, i.e., the use of remote sensing (RS) combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) proves to be highly valuable. Geospatial technology is more cost-effective and requires less labor compared to ground-based surveys, making it highly suitable for a wide range of agricultural applications. Effectively utilizing the timely, accurate, and objective data provided by RS technologies presents a crucial challenge in the field of water resource management. Satellite-based RS measurements offer consistent information on agricultural and hydrological conditions across extensive land areas. In this study, we carried out a detailed analysis focused on addressing agricultural water management issues in India through the application of RS and GIS technologies. Adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed published research articles, providing a comprehensive and detailed analysis. This study aims to explore the use of RS and GIS technologies in crucial agricultural water management practices with the goal of enhancing their effectiveness and efficiency. This study primarily examines the current use of geospatial technology in Indian agricultural water management and sustainability. We revealed that considerable research has primarily used multispectral Landsat series data. Cutting-edge technologies like Sentinel, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and hyperspectral technology have not been fully investigated for the assessment and monitoring of water resources. Integrating RS and GIS allows for consistent agricultural monitoring, offering valuable recommendations for effective management.
Implementing Activity-Based Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation in Canada: Challenges and Proposed Solutions
Authors: Jervis-Rademeyer Hope , Cheung Lovisa , Cesca Nicole , Gauthier Cindy , Walden Kristen , Musselman Kristin E.
Published: March 2024

Activity-based therapy (ABT) is a therapeutic approach with multiple benefits including promoting neurorecovery and reducing the likelihood of secondary complications in people living with spinal cord injury (SCI). Barriers and facilitators to ABT implementation for SCI rehabilitation have been studied from various perspectives through qualitative research. However, these viewpoints have not been synthesized to identify challenges of and strategies for implementing ABT across the Canadian healthcare system. Thus, the purpose of our study was to examine the current state of ABT in Canadian healthcare settings according to users’ perspectives. Our main objectives were to compare barriers and facilitators to ABT implementation across Canadian healthcare settings according to users’ perspectives and to identify optimal intervention strategies for ABT delivery across the Canadian healthcare system from acute to community care. We searched Scopus, CINAHL, OvidMedline, and other sources. Eligible articles were qualitative or mixed methods studies exploring ABT for adults with SCI in a Canadian healthcare setting. We analyzed qualitative findings through a thematic synthesis followed by a deductive content analysis. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for critical appraisal. Nine articles were included. The thematic synthesis revealed two main themes: (1) factors influencing acceptance and adaptation of ABT across healthcare settings in Canada and (2) proposed solutions. The deductive analysis applied the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) to identify limited components of behaviour and appropriate interventions. To address ABT implementation challenges across the Canadian healthcare system, evidence-based interventions should target BCW subcategories of reflective motivation, social opportunity, and physical opportunity.
Examining the Effects of the Pandemic on Entrepreneurial Activities among Urban Single Mothers: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Abdullah Salim Abdullah Sallehhuddin , Md Yatim Norzarina , Md Zahid Salmi
Published: March 2024

This study was conducted in Malaysia to examine the effectiveness of the microfinance programme for urban single mother entrepreneurs in MSMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic and Movement Control Order (MCO). Implemented as a response to the pandemic, the MCO significantly disrupted businesses, particularly MSMEs. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between empowerment factors (economic, social, digital, and psychological) and governance aspects concerning the effectiveness of microfinance programmes. Using a positivist paradigm and employing quantitative methods through online questionnaire distribution, this research established a framework based on empowerment theory. The findings underscore the importance of economic empowerment, digital empowerment, and governance aspects for microfinance programme success, and provide empirical backing for suitable mitigation strategies for MSME entrepreneurs. The study emphasises the importance of supporting single mother entrepreneurs through various developmental activities, technical and vocational training, and comprehensive financial and non-financial aid initiatives. It stresses the critical role of women, particularly single mothers, in propelling societal and economic advancement, and advocating for their empowerment through targeted interventions. Overall, the findings enhance understanding of the challenges MSMEs face during crises, and offer insights for policymakers and microfinance agencies to strengthen support for single mother entrepreneurs in navigating future challenges and fostering economic resilience and development.
Road Accessibility during Natural Hazards Based on Volunteered Geographic Information Data and Network Analysis
Authors: Florath Janine , Chanussot Jocelyn , Keller Sina
Published: March 2024

Natural hazards can present a significant risk to road infrastructure. This infrastructure is a fundamental component of the transportation infrastructure, with significant importance. During emergencies, society heavily relies on the functionality of the road infrastructure to facilitate evacuation and access to emergency facilities. This study introduces a versatile, multi-scale framework designed to analyze accessibility within road networks during natural hazard scenarios. The first module of the framework focuses on assessing the influence of natural hazards on road infrastructure to identify damaged or blocked road segments and intersections. It relies on near real-time information, often provided by citizen science through Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) data and Natural Language Processing (NLP) of VGI texts. The second module conducts network analysis based on freely available Open Street Map (OSM) data, differentiating between intact and degraded road networks. Four accessibility measures are employed: betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, a free-flow assumption index, and a novel alternative routing assumption measure considering congestion scenarios. The study showcases its framework through an exemplary application in California, the United States, considering different hazard scenarios, where degraded roads and connected roads impacted by the hazard can be identified. The road extraction methodology allows the extraction of 75% to 100% of the impacted roads mentioned in VGI text messages for the respective case studies. In addition to the directly extracted impacted roads, constructing the degraded network also involves finding road segments that overlap with hazard impact zones, as these are at risk of being impacted. Conducting the network analysis with the four different measures on the intact and degraded network, changes in network accessibility due to the impacts of hazards can be identified. The results show that using each measure is justified, as each measure could demonstrate the accessibility change. However, their combination and comparison provide valuable insights. In conclusion, this study successfully addresses the challenges of developing a generic, complete framework from impact extraction to network analysis independently of the scale and characteristics of road network types.
Genetic Update and Treatment for Dystonia
Authors: Koptielow Jan , Szyłak Emilia , Szewczyk-Roszczenko Olga , Roszczenko Piotr , Kochanowicz Jan , Kułakowska Alina , Chorąży Monika
Published: March 2024

A neurological condition called dystonia results in abnormal, uncontrollable postures or movements because of sporadic or continuous muscular spasms. Several varieties of dystonia can impact people of all ages, leading to severe impairment and a decreased standard of living. The discovery of genes causing variations of single or mixed dystonia has improved our understanding of the disease’s etiology. Genetic dystonias are linked to several genes, including pathogenic variations of VPS16, TOR1A, THAP1, GNAL, and ANO3. Diagnosis of dystonia is primarily based on clinical symptoms, which can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other neurological conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease. This review aims to summarize recent advances in the genetic origins and management of focal dystonia.
Comparison of Extracellular Vesicles from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Brain Cells
Authors: Xavier Gabriela , Navarrete Santos Alexander , Hartmann Carla , Santoro Marcos L. , Flegel Nicole , Reinsch Jessica , Majer Annika , Ehrhardt Toni , Pfeifer Jenny , Simm Andreas , Hollemann Thomas , Belangero Sintia I. , Rujescu Dan , Jung Matthias
Published: March 2024

The pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders is still poorly understood. Identification of biomarkers for these diseases could benefit patients due to better classification and stratification. Exosomes excreted into the circulatory system can cross the blood–brain barrier and carry a cell type-specific set of molecules. Thus, exosomes are a source of potential biomarkers for many diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated exosomal proteins produced from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-derived neural stem cells, neural progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, microglia-like cells, and brain capillary endothelial cells. Of the 31 exosome surface markers analyzed, a subset of biomarkers were significantly enriched in astrocytes (CD29, CD44, and CD49e), microglia-like cells (CD44), and neural stem cells (SSEA4). To identify molecular fingerprints associated with disease, circulating exosomes derived from healthy control (HC) individuals were compared against schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) patients. A significant epitope pattern was identified for LOAD (CD1c and CD2) but not for SCZ compared to HC. Thus, analysis of cell type- and disease-specific exosome signatures of iPSC-derived cell cultures may provide a valuable model system to explore proteomic biomarkers for the identification of novel disease profiles.
Vitexicarpin Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Metastatic Properties via the AKT-PRAS40 Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma
Authors: Yun Hyung-Mun , Kwon Hyun Sook , Lee Joon Yeop , Park Kyung-Ran
Published: March 2024

Osteosarcoma, which has poor prognosis after metastasis, is the most common type of bone cancer in children and adolescents. Therefore, plant-derived bioactive compounds are being actively developed for cancer therapy. Artemisia apiacea Hance ex Walp. is a traditional medicinal plant native to Eastern Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea. Vitexicarpin (Vitex), derived from A. apiacea, has demonstrated analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antitumour, and immunoregulatory properties; however, there are no published studies on Vitex isolated from the aerial parts of A. apiacea. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antitumour activity of Vitex against human osteosarcoma cells. In the present study, Vitex (>99% purity) isolated from A. apiacea induced significant cell death in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner; cell death was mediated by apoptosis, as evidenced by the appearance of cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 3, anti-apoptotic proteins (Survivin and Bcl-2), pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax), and cell cycle-related proteins (Cyclin D1, Cdk4, and Cdk6). Additionally, a human phosphokinase array proteome profiler revealed that Vitex suppressed AKT-dependent downstream kinases. Further, Vitex reduced the phosphorylation of PRAS40, which is associated with autophagy and metastasis, induced autophagosome formation, and suppressed programmed cell death and necroptosis. Furthermore, Vitex induced antimetastatic activity by suppressing the migration and invasion of MMP13, which is the primary protease that degrades type I collagen for tumour-induced osteolysis in bone tissues and preferential metastasis sites. Taken together, our results suggest that Vitex is an attractive target for treating human osteosarcoma.
The Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Acute Coronary Syndromes, Post-Infarct Remodeling and Cardiac Regeneration
Authors: Krauz Kamil , Kempiński Marcel , Jańczak Paweł , Momot Karol , Zarębiński Maciej , Poprawa Izabela , Wojciechowska Małgorzata
Published: March 2024

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a fat deposit surrounding the heart and located under the visceral layer of the pericardium. Due to its unique features, the contribution of EAT to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders is extensively studied. Especially, EAT can be associated with the onset and development of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and post-infarct heart failure which all are significant problems for public health. In this article, we focus on the mechanisms of how EAT impacts acute coronary syndromes. Particular emphasis was placed on the role of inflammation and adipokines secreted by EAT. Moreover, we present how EAT affects the remodeling of the heart following myocardial infarction. We further review the role of EAT as a source of stem cells for cardiac regeneration. In addition, we describe the imaging assessment of EAT, its prognostic value, and its correlation with the clinical characteristics of patients.
Insight into the Structure and Redox Chemistry of [Carbonatotetraamminecobalt(III)] Permanganate and Its Monohydrate as Co-Mn-Oxide Catalyst Precursors of the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Béres Kende Attila , Dürvanger Zsolt , Homonnay Zoltán , Bereczki Laura , Barta Holló Berta , Farkas Attila , Petruševski Vladimir M. , Kótai László
Published: March 2024

[Carbonatotetraamminecobalt(III)] permanganate monohydrate was synthesized first in the metathesis reaction of [Co(NH3)4CO3]NO3 and NaMnO4 in aqueous solution. Its thermal dehydration at 100 °C resulted in phase-pure [Co(NH3)4CO3]MnO4 (compound 1). Compounds 1 and 2 (i.e., the hydrated form) were studied with IR, far-IR, and low-temperature Raman spectroscopies, and their vibrational modes were assigned. The lattice parameters were determined by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) methods for the triclinic and orthorhombic compounds 1 and 2, respectively. The detailed structure of compound 2 was determined, and the role of hydrogen bonds in the structural motifs was clarified. UV studies on compounds 1 and 2 showed the distortion of the octahedral geometry of the complex cation during dehydration because of the partial loss of the hydrogen bonds between the crystal water and the ligands of the complex cation. The thermal decomposition consists of a solid phase quasi-intramolecular redox reaction between the ammonia ligands and permanganate anions with the formation of ammonia oxidation products (H2O, NO, N2O, and CO2). The solid phase reaction product is amorphous cobalt manganese oxide containing ammonium, carbonate (and nitrate) anions. The temperature-controlled thermal decomposition of compound 2 in toluene at 110 °C showed that one of the decomposition intermediates is ammonium nitrate. The decomposition intermediates are transformed into Co1.5Mn1.5O4 spinel with MnCo2O4 structure upon further heating. Solid compound 2 gave the spinel at 500 °C both in an inert and air atmosphere, whereas the sample pre-treated in toluene at 110 °C without and with the removal of ammonium nitrate by aqueous washing, gave the spinel already at 300 and 400 °C, respectively. The molten NH4NO3 is a medium to start spinel crystallization, but its decomposition stops further crystal growth of the spinel phase. By this procedure, the particle size of the spinel product as low as ~4.0 nm could be achieved for the treatments at 300 and 400 °C, and it increased only to 5.7 nm at 500 °C. The nano-sized mixed cobalt manganese oxides are potential candidates as Fischer-Tropsch catalysts.
Bumblebee Foraging Dynamics and Pollination Outcomes for Cherry Tomato and Pear Varieties in Northern China
Authors: Huang Xunbing , Zhang Qianwen , Sheikh Umer , Wang Yueyue , Zheng Li
Published: March 2024

Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) have strong environmental adaptability and high pollen transfer efficiency, making them well-suited pollinators of economic crops. However, bumblebee pollination is still not widely applied in northern China due to the lack of data on foraging behavior and pollination effects. We conducted a three-year experiment involving cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and pears (Pyrus spp.) treated with bumblebee pollination to evaluate the foraging behavior and pollination effects on these two crops. Results showed that B. terrestris had enhanced foraging activities as daytime temperatures rose from 18 °C to 26 °C, as indicated by the increased number of bees leaving the hive and returning bees carrying pollen in greenhouses in winter. There were two peaks in the foraging activity of bumblebees in pear orchards in early spring, which was closely related to the temperature change in the daytime. Undoubtedly, cherry tomatoes treated with B. terrestris had higher fruit setting rate, weight, seed number, and fruit yields compared to those with hormone 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid treatments, as well as a lower rate of deformed fruits. B. terrestris pollination can significantly increase the fruit setting rate and fruit yield of pears, compared with open pollination, and can fully achieve the effect of hand pollination. B. terrestris pollination can improve cultivation efficiency, increase yield, and produce more economic benefits. Moreover, it can also contribute to reducing hormone residues and ensure the safety of agricultural products. We recommend its application to cherry tomatoes in greenhouses in winter and potential application to pears in orchards in early spring in northern China. However, the risk to local bumblebee species of introducing commercially available bumblebees into orchards should be considered and evaluated in future research. This study provides both empirical support and a theoretical basis for the selection of bumblebees as pollinators in the production of economically important crops and the improvement of crop cultivation management in northern China.
Trends of Early Helicobacter pylori-Uninfected Gastric Cancer in an Aging Regional Area
Authors: Maeda Hidehito , Sasaki Fumisato , Ooi Takayuki , Uehara Shohei , Yano Hiroki , Sameshima Yoichi , Fukuda Yoshio , Nasu Yuichiro , Fujino Yusuke , Shigeta Koichiro , Fujita Hiroshi , Tanaka Akihito , Kanmura Shuji , Ido Akio
Published: March 2024

Background/Objectives: We aimed to determine the trends over time and current status of early Helicobacter pylori-uninfected gastric cancer (HpUIGC) treatment in a region with an aging population. Methods: This retrospective, multi-center observational study was conducted at seven major general hospitals in Kagoshima Prefecture. From January 2009 to July 2022, 2091 patients who received endoscopic resection (ER) for early gastric cancer (EGC) were retrospectively enrolled, of which 35 were identified as early HpUIGC cases. Results: The number of ERs for EGC demonstrated a significant increasing trend from 2010 to 2021 (p = 0.01 for trend). Furthermore, the 12-year period from 2010 to 2021 was divided into an early and late phase every 6 years. In the early phase, there were 5 cases (0.7%) of early HpUIGC, while in the late phase, there were 25 cases (2.1%), indicating a significant increase in the proportion of ERs for early HpUIGC cases in the late phase (p = 0.02). Conclusions: The proportion of ERs for early HpUIGC, which are more common in relatively young patients, may be increasing as a proportion of all ERs for GC, even in areas of Japan with an aging population.
Preoperative Robotics Planning Facilitates Complex Construct Design in Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery—A Preliminary Experience
Authors: Pham Martin H. , Hernandez Nicholas S. , Stone Lauren E.
Published: March 2024

(1) Background: The correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD) can require long, complex constructs with multiple rods which traverse important biomechanical levels to achieve multi-pelvic fixation. Minimally invasive (MIS) placement of these constructs has historically been difficult. Advanced technologies such as spinal robotics platforms can facilitate the design and placement of these constructs and further enable these surgical approaches in MIS deformity surgery. (2) Methods: A retrospective study was performed on a series of ASD patients undergoing MIS deformity correction with ≥eight fusion levels to the lower thoracic spine with preoperative robotic construct planning and robot-assisted pedicle screw placement. (3) Results: There were 12 patients (10 female, mean age 68.6 years) with a diagnosis of either degenerative scoliosis (8 patients) or sagittal imbalance (4 patients). All underwent preoperative robotic planning to assist in MIS robot-assisted percutaneous or transfascial placement of pedicle and iliac screws with multiple-rod constructs. Mean operative values per patient were 9.9 levels instrumented (range 8–11), 3.9 interbody cages (range 2–6), 3.3 iliac fixation points (range 2–4), 3.3 rods (range 2–4), 18.7 screws (range 13–24), estimated blood loss 254 cc (range 150–350 cc), and operative time 347 min (range 242–442 min). All patients showed improvement in radiographic sagittal, and, if applicable, coronal parameters. Mean length of stay was 5.8 days with no ICU admissions. Ten patients ambulated on POD 1 or 2. Of 224 screws placed minimally invasively, four breaches were identified on intraoperative CT and repositioned (three lateral, one medial) for a robot-assisted screw accuracy of 98.2%. (4) Conclusions: Minimally invasive long-segment fixation for adult spinal deformity surgery has historically been considered laborious and technically intensive. Preoperative robotics planning facilitates the design and placement of even complex multi-rod multi-pelvic fixation for MIS deformity surgery.
Predictors of Short-Term Trauma Laparotomy Outcomes in an Integrated Military–Civilian Health System: A 23-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gendler Sami , Gelikas Shaul , Talmy Tomer , Nadler Roy , Tsur Avishai M. , Radomislensky Irina , Bodas Moran , Glassberg Elon , Almog Ofer , Benov Avi , Chen Jacob
Published: March 2024

Background: Trauma laparotomy (TL) remains a cornerstone of trauma care. We aimed to investigate prehospital measures associated with in-hospital mortality among casualties subsequently undergoing TLs in civilian hospitals. Methods: This retrospective cohort study cross-referenced the prehospital and hospitalization data of casualties treated by Israel Defense Forces-Medical Corps teams who later underwent TLs in civilian hospitals between 1997 and 2020. Results: Overall, we identified 217 casualties treated by IDF-MC teams that subsequently underwent a TL, with a mortality rate of 15.2% (33/217). The main mechanism of injury was documented as penetrating for 121/217 (55.8%). The median heart rate and blood pressure were within the normal limit for the entire cohort, with a low blood pressure predicting mortality (65 vs. 127, p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, prehospital endotracheal intubation (ETI), emergency department Glasgow coma scores of 3–8, and the need for a thoracotomy or bowel-related procedures were significantly associated with mortality (OR 6.8, p < 0.001, OR = 48.5, p < 0.001, and OR = 4.61, p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: Prehospital interventions introduced throughout the study period did not lead to an improvement in survival. Survival was negatively influenced by prehospital ETI, reinforcing previous observations of the potential deleterious effects of definitive airways on hemorrhaging trauma casualties. While a low blood pressure was a predictor of mortality, the median systolic blood pressure for even the sickest patients (ISS > 16) was within normal limits, highlighting the challenges in triage and risk stratification for trauma casualties.
The Respiratory Mechanics of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—Lessons Learned?
Authors: Kummer Rebecca L. , Marini John J.
Published: March 2024

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a well-defined clinical entity characterized by the acute onset of diffuse pulmonary injury and hypoxemia not explained by fluid overload. The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an unprecedented volume of patients with ARDS and challenged our understanding and clinical approach to treatment of this clinical syndrome. Unique to COVID-19 ARDS is the disruption and dysregulation of the pulmonary vascular compartment caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is a significant cause of hypoxemia in these patients. As a result, gas exchange does not necessarily correlate with respiratory system compliance and mechanics in COVID-19 ARDS as it does with other etiologies. The purpose of this review is to relate the mechanics of COVID-19 ARDS to its underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and outline the lessons we have learned in the management of this clinic syndrome.
Arrhythmogenic Left Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: From Diagnosis to Risk Management
Authors: Mauriello Alfredo , Roma Anna Selvaggia , Ascrizzi Antonia , Molinari Riccardo , Loffredo Francesco S. , D’Andrea Antonello , Russo Vincenzo
Published: March 2024

Purpose of Review: Left ventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ALVC) is a rare and poorly characterized cardiomyopathy that has recently been reclassified in the group of non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathies. This review aims to summarize the background, diagnosis, and sudden cardiac death risk in patients presenting this cardiomyopathy. Recent Findings: Although there is currently a lack of data on this condition, arrhythmogenic left ventricular dysplasia can be considered a specific disease of the left ventricle (LV). We have collected the latest evidence about the management and the risks associated with this cardiomyopathy. Summary: Left ventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy is still poorly characterized. ALVC is characterized by fibrofatty replacement in the left ventricular myocardium, with variable phenotypic expression. Diagnosis is based on a multiparametric approach, including cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and genetic testing, and is important for sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk stratification and management. Recent guidelines have improved the management of left ventricular arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Further studies are necessary to improve knowledge of this cardiomyopathy.
A Pioneering Integration of Structural Health Assessments and Dynamic Analyses: Bridge Pier Responses to the Impact of Floating Objects during Extreme Floods
Authors: Nasim Maryam , Setunge Sujeeva
Published: March 2024

This study presents a transformative dynamic amplification factor for assessing the resilience of over-river bridges, informed by the real-world conditions of flood events. Through advanced finite element analysis, we unveil how the interplay between mass and velocity of floating objects significantly influences bridge pier responses, challenging conventional assessment methods. Our findings reveal potential inadequacies in current design standards, such as AASHTO and AS5100, and introduces a dynamic multiplier that enhances structural health assessment algorithms. The core contribution of this research is a data-driven analysis approach, which is critical for the proactive maintenance and risk assessment of bridge infrastructures in areas prone to flooding. By redefining the parameters for damage-level identification, our work advocates for a shift towards more resilient infrastructure systems in the face of global climate change.
Assessment of Fishing Vessel Vulnerability to Pure Loss of Stability Using a Self-Developed Program
Authors: Zhang Hangming , Li Kai
Published: March 2024

A significant proportion of maritime incidents occurring in coastal waters are attributed to small fishing vessels. To analyze the root causes of such maritime accidents, it is imperative to conduct simulations to assess the potential pure loss of stability. This paper proposes a method of using a self-developed program to assess the vulnerability, which could be used in practice for seafarers to maintain shipping safety. To assess the vulnerability of three fishing vessels, the proposed method considers different wave conditions, where the parametric behaviors of the waves relative to the ship’s position (ξG/λ) and wave steepness (H/λ) are explored. Additionally, vulnerability is computed systematically under diverse loading conditions, resulting in visual representations such as 2D and 3D plots. We conduct comparative simulations between the proposed method and the ICS-Hydro STAB. The simulation results reveal that the proposed method has superior accuracy in executing failure probability calculations. The prediction error is consistently below 5%.
Unveiling Sri Lanka’s Wilderness: GIS-Based Modelling of Wilderness Attributes
Authors: Mudalige Uthpala , Carver Steve
Published: March 2024

This research presents the first detailed national wilderness mapping project conducted in Sri Lanka, aiming to identify and assess the spatial distribution of wilderness areas in the country. The study utilises a GIS-based Wilderness Quality Index (WQI), incorporating three main wilderness attributes: remoteness from public roads, absence of modern human interventions, and naturalness of land cover. The resulting wilderness quality map reveals several areas of high wilderness quality distributed throughout the country, with exceptions in the highly populated western region, where roads and built structures have significant impact. The research highlights the spatial correlation between the distribution of wilderness areas and protected areas, indicating that nearly all wilderness areas in Sri Lanka fall within the boundaries of existing protected areas. However, core wilderness areas outside existing protected areas, termed de facto wilderness areas, constitute a significant portion (19.7%) of total wilderness, raising concerns about their conservation status. The study emphasises the need for further evaluation to assess the ecological and landscape value of these areas and suggests new protected area boundaries. The wilderness quality map developed here provides policymakers with a valuable tool for future conservation planning, enabling informed decision making to preserve and protect Sri Lanka’s diverse and unique wilderness areas.
The Evolution and Driving Mechanisms of the Blue-Green Space Publicness Pattern in Changsha, China
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhang Nan , Zhu Peijuan , Qin Shuqian , Zhang Yong
Published: March 2024

Urban blue-green space (UBGS), where public life occurs, is vital for social interaction, social cohesion, public spirit cultivation, and community formation. UBGS publicness reflects whether it supports and facilitates community formation. From the perspective of the man–land relationship, UBGS with high publicness should have three significant characteristics: accessibility of elements, functional selectivity, and structural connectivity and shareability. This study took Changsha as the case study and evaluated its UBGS publicness in 2012, 2016, and 2020. We analyzed the evolution of the UBGS publicness pattern, and the results indicated the following: (1) The elements accessibility indicator showed a decreasing trend year by year and maintained the pattern of low in the city center and high in the suburban area; (2) the functional diversity indicator changed from a monocentric polarized spatial pattern to a polycentric and balanced spatial pattern; (3) the structural connectivity indicator generally improved and showed the core-edge pattern; and (4) the comprehensive indicator showed that the pattern developed from the core edge to the core edge as the primary focus with fan-shaped expansion supplemented. Based on this, combined with Changsha’s urban development history, environmental, policy, economic, and social factors supported, led, promoted, and guided the formation and evolution of the UBGS publicness pattern. This study improved the theoretical foundation of UBGS publicness, provided ideas and methods for the UBGS publicness evaluation on the urban scale, and may provide a reference for the construction of livable and sustainable cities.
Evaluating the Impact of Urban Digital Infrastructure on Land Use Efficiency Based on 279 Cities in China
Authors: Wang Saige , Zhai Chenchen , Zhang Yunxiao
Published: March 2024

The development and application of urban digital infrastructure can alter land use patterns and facilitate the aggregation of factors such as labor and capital, thereby influencing the land use efficiency in cities. Based on statistical data from 279 cities in China spanning from 2004 to 2019, this study employs fixed-effects and mediation models to analyze the impact of urban digital infrastructure on land use efficiency. The findings reveal that the construction of urban digital infrastructure significantly promotes the enhancement of land use efficiency, with technological innovation levels and industrial structural transformation serving as mediators between urban digital infrastructure and land use efficiency. The impact of urban digital infrastructure on land use efficiency exhibits heterogeneity across different city scales, urban tiers, geographic locations, and policy implementation batches. Its effects are more pronounced in larger-scale cities, higher-tier cities, those located in the central and western regions, and the first two batches of pilot cities. The research findings contribute to providing theoretical references and a decision-making basis for enhancing land use efficiency, advocating for increased investment in urban digital infrastructure construction, encouraging technological innovation levels, and facilitating the upgrading of industrial structural transformation.