bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leaching and Movement of Carbofuran in Soils.
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K RAJUKKANNU , U.S SREE RAMULU ,   Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

Carbofuran movement in soils was studied by employing soil TLC technique with natural soil and alwin the soil in which organic matter was destroyed. The mobility, as Rf values, of 16 sails (Red, black, alluvial and laterite) showed that the movement in red, alluvial and black soils was rapid while in laterite soil it was slow. A striking increase in the mobility of carbofuran was recorded in soils in which the organic matter was oxidised. Carbofuran teaching was high in red, alluvial and black soils and the effluents 55, 41.50 and 36.5 per cent of the added carbofuran, respectively. In laterite soils a major portion of the added toxicant was retained in the soil of the first column section and the effluents did not contain any residues. Both the soil TLC and leaching studies revealed that there was a general trend towards reduced mobility of carbofuran with incressed organic matter content of coils. Based on the Rf value recorded in red, block and alluvial soils with organic matter content below 1 per cent, carbofuran was classified under class IV and designated as "mobile" insecticide while in respect of laterite soils with 1.50 to 4,29 per cent opranic matter its mobility was moderate (class III).
Response of Wheat Cultivars to Different Levels of Phosphorus Using 32p as a Tracer
Authors:   Asst. Professor Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  Marathwada Agricultuarl University Parbhani, D.K JADHAVI , C.P GHONSIKAR ,   Head Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  Marathwada Agricultuarl University Parbhani
Published: October 2023

In a pot culture experiment, response of three wheat cultivars to Your levels of phosp horus was studied. A significant increase in drymatter production was recorded upto 90 ug P/g soil resulted in about 3.5 times greater drymatter over control. Uptake of 32-P was also increased significantly with increasing levels of phosphorus upto 90 ug P/g soil. Per cent utili- zation of applied phosphorus increased due to first increment in phosphorus but it was reduced considerably with additional increment in phosphorus. Percent utilization of applied P was maximum in wheat variety S-308 (6.63 percent) followed by HD-1593 (5.98 percent) and HD-4502 (4.84 per cent) respectively during their growth for 45 days.
Studies on seed Maturation in MCU5 and Suvin Cotton Varieties
Authors:   Department of seed  technology Tamil Nadu agricultural University Coimbatore-3, C.P THIAGARAJAN , K.R RAMASWAMY ,   Department of seed  technology Tamil Nadu agricultural University Coimbatore-3
Published: October 2023

In varieties MCUS and Suvin, the seed maturation is completed by 55 days after pollination both in the winter and summer seasons. Three important and distinct periods wore noticed during the period of seeds development; the initial period falling between 5-10 days after authesis, when the rate of development was the highest: the middle period bet ween 25-35 days when the seeds attained the maximum weight and size; and the final perioc between 50-55 days when the seed reached full maturity recording maximum germination. and vigour, Significant variations between varieties as well as due to seasons within vari eties were evident for the parameters studied.
Correlation and path analysis in Ricinus Communis L.
Authors:   Assitant Professor (Gasror) Research (Agri) TNAU Coimbatore 3, AR MUTHIAHI , M MANIVANNAN ,   Research Associates, Research (Agri) TNAU Coimbatore 3, C NATARAJAN ,   Research Associates, Research (Agri) TNAU Coimbatore 3, G.A PALANISAMY ,   Assitant Professor (Gasror) Research (Agri) TNAU Coimbatore 3, . JEYARAJ ,   Director of Research (Agri) TNAU Coimbatore 3
Published: October 2023

Correlations and Path coefficient between seed yield and yield components were estimat- ed in thirty five inbrids of Castor. The genotypic correlations were heigher than the pheno- typic correlation. Number of nodes to main spike, length of main spike, length of female portion, number of effective spike and height of plant and significant postive correlation with yield, Path coefficient analysis revealed that length of female portion, number of nodes to main spike and height of the plant had the maximum direct effect of yield.
COH-3 A Grain cum Fodder Sorghum Hybrid for Tamilnadu.
Authors:   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, M.N PRASAD , S PALANISAMY ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, R APPADURAI ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, G.A PALANISAMY ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, C SURENDARAN ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, A.K FAZLULLAKHAN ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

COH-3 (Coimbatore Hybrid 3) à grain cum fodder hybrid in cholam with pearly. white grain and sweet stem has been released for general cultivation from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. It has a duration of 110 to 115 days and can be cultivated both in monsoon and summer seasons. The hybrid yields 6100 kg of grains and 26.5 tonnes of fodder per hectare under irrigation. Under rainfed conditions it yields 2800 kg of grains and 19.6 tonnes of fodder. The parents of this hybrid are 2077 A and 699 Tall, The special features of this hybrid are that it is non-lodging and does not snap at nodes, The leaves remain groen till maturity and the hybrid is resistant to strige and tolerant to major pests and d'se:s:s
Performance of Sunflower in Relation to Variability in the Test Weight of Seed Planted
Authors:   Assitant Reserach Officer (Agronomy), Oilseed Project Agricultural Research Institute Rajendranagar 500 030, MOHAMMAD SHAIK
Published: October 2023

Effect of different seed sizes viz., large, medium, small and the field run seed on germination, yield and the plant characteristics were studied with two varieties of sun- flower, EC, 68414 and EC. 68415. The large seeded plants were taller and recorded higher diameter of the stem and capitulum, number of seeds per capitulum, yield per se and thousand grain weight. The oil percentage did not differ significantly. Plants grown from larger seeds gave significantly higher yields.
Relative Difference in seed vigour in sized seeds of Hybrid Sorghum CSH 5 and its Parents
Authors:   Department of seed  technology Tamil Nadu agricultural University Coimbatore-3, A SENTHILKUMAR KALINGARAYAR , C DHARMALINCAM ,   Department of seed  technology Tamil Nadu agricultural University Coimbatore-3
Published: October 2023

Studies were carried out with the sized seeds of CSH 5 hybrid and its parents namely CS, 3541, ms. 2077 A and 2077 B. The seeds were size graded using 10, 5, 8, 7 ant 5 round perforated metal sieves. The relative difference in soud Vigour extant in sec size classes evaluated by a number of vigour tests such as germination energy, brick-gri test, chemical soak test, dry matter production and the vigour index revealed th superiority of the seeds retained by 10, 9 and 8 sieves both in the hybrid as well as in the parents Seeds of the restorer line and the hybrid were superior to the isogenic mala sterile and fertile lines in their vigour potential.
Genetic Diversity for Quantitative Characters in Green Gram (Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek)
Authors:   Assitant Professor, Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, A.S SHANMUGAM , S.R SREE RANGASAMY ,   Director, School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

A wide genetic variability among the types was revealed by the D analysis and the can- onical analysis wherein the forty five types formed as many as sixteen clusters. The types chosen from the same eco-geographic regions were found scattered in different clusters. The clustering together of types from same eco-geographic region into one cluster was also observed. Based on average inter-cluster distances, the clusters XV, XVI and XIII were found to be highly divergent from all the other clusters. Among them, the De distance between Mutant 5 and AC, 263 was the maximum. The mutants namely Mutant. 1, Mutant 3 and Mutant, 5 which have the common parent (C011 were distributed in three seperate clusters. In the selected materials yield/plant contributed maximum towards the genetic divergence.
Effect of Calcium and Sulphur application on the yield of dry matter, pod and kernel of POL. 2 groundnut grown in two soils collected from the major groundnut growing tracts of Tamil Nadu
Authors:   Assitant Professor, Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, S RAMANATHAN , G RAMANATHAN ,   Professor, Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

A por culture experiment involving four levels of calcium (0.50.100 and 150 kg/ha) four levels of sulphur (0,40,80 and 120 kg/ha) and two types of soil representing Tindivanam and Pollachi tract was conducted. Application of Ca and S increased the root and shoot (Haulm) yield significantly. Pod and kernel yield of POL. 2 groundnut variety could be substantially increased by application of Ca and S at 150 kg Ca/ha and 120 kg S/ha for Tindivanam soil and 100 kg Co/ha and 80 kg S/ha for Aliyamnager soil.
Effect of Cultivation Methods on Sporophore Production of Pleurotus Sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer
Authors:   Associate Professor of Plant Pathalogy,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K SIVAPRAKASAM , T.K KANDASWAMY ,   Professor and Head, Department of Plant Pathology,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Madurai 625 104
Published: October 2023

Effect of different methods of cultivation on the sporophore production of Pleurotus sajor-caju was studied. Polythene wrapper bed followed by cylindrical bed recorded maximum yield of sporophores.
Growth and yield of wheats as affected by gamma irradiation under rainfed condition and their relationships
Authors:   Junior Agronomist AICRIP RRI, CUAT Chiplima 768206 Sambalpu CRISSA, SEN AVIJIT , N.M MISRA ,   Department of Agronomy Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005.
Published: October 2023

An experiment was carried out during the two consecutive winter seasons of 1978-79 and 1979-80 in the Agricultural Farm of Banaras Hindu University with four wheat varieties and five radiation doses to find out their growth pattern and yield under rainfod condition." Among the varieties Kalyan Sona exhibited higher growth values and yield in both the years, closely followed by UP-262 and in the case of radiation doses the seeds treated with 6kr superseded all other doses in these characters except plant height where 3 kr produced the tallest plant, Futther more, yield was found to be positively correlated with leaf number tiller number and dry weight per plant and negatively correlated with plant height.
In vitro organic matter digestibility of certain legumes.
Authors:   Associate Professor, Sheep Breeding Research Station, Sandynallah, J ERNEST
Published: October 2023

A comparative study has been conducted on Lucerne (Medicago sativa). Cowpea (Vigna sinensis) and Sunhemp (Crotalaria juncia) with regard to the in vitro digestibility of organic matter at different days of cutting. Maximum organic matter digestibility was seen at 20th day of cutting for all three legumes. A highly significant correlation (P<.01) between in vitro organic matter digestibility and stage of cutting was observed in this study.
Effect of combined application of pesticides and urea on nitrogen uptake and grain yield of lowland rice.
Authors:   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612101, Tamil Nadu, K SATHASIVAM , SP PALANIAPPAN ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612101, Tamil Nadu, P BALASUBRAMANIYANA ,   Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai - 612101, Tamil Nadu
Published: October 2023

Application of Carbofuran and gamma BHC along with Urea increase the uptake of itrogen by rice. The uptake at lower levels of N applied along with Carbofuran or gamma HC was more or less same to that at higher levels of N without the Pesticides. Grain Id was increased by combined application of N and pesticides, When pesticides were I applied, N had a negative effect on grain yield.
Distribution of Magnesium Fractions in the Nilgiris Soil Profiles. IV. Distribution Pattern in typic Haplumrepts and Fluventic Haplumrepts
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K.K MATHAN , K CHIRANJIVI RAO ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry  University Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

The Soils of Typic Haplumrepts were least weathered as indicated by higher amounts of mineral Mg and acid-soluble Mg. Organic cycle was active. The group average of top soil and surface soil indicated that unless the released magnesium is injected in the organic cycle it moves down, Existance of immature profiles with the presence of organic cycle was the main feature in the sub-group Fluventic Heplum brepts. The interconversion of one form of Mg to another was seen in these sub groups and the reserve pond of magne sium was enriched from organic sources.
Groundnut shell and Composite Mixture of weeds-A Good Feedstock Material for Bio-gas Production
Authors:   Associate Professor, DEpt of Agrl Microbiology,TamilNadu Agrl, University,Coimbatore 641 003,Tamil Nadu, P RAJASEKARANI , K.R SWAMINATHAN ,   Professor & Head, Dept. of Farm Machinery College of Agrl. Engineering TNAU Coimbatore 3, S KAMARAJ ,   Assitant Professor, Dept. of Farm Machinery College of Agrl. Engineering TNAU Coimbatore 3
Published: October 2023

Cow dung has hitherto been employed as a feedstock material for bioges generation. Among the wases, groundunt shell and composite mixture of vegetable wastes incorpora. ted along with cowdung and old slurry in the proportion of 1:2:2 (V/V) gave 1634 es 1000 CC/day over a period of 12 weeks. The relative distribution of various microbial population distributed in the biodigested specimens is discussed.
Selection and Evaluation of the Relative Influence of the Morphological Characters and Yield Components on Yield in Soybean (Glycine max.(G) Merr.)
Authors:   Centre Institute for Cotton Research Regional station,Coimbatore, S RAJASEKARAN , S PREMSEKAR ,   Centre Institute for Cotton Research Regional station,Coimbatore, H.K HANUMANTHA RAO ,   Centre Institute for Cotton Research Regional station,Coimbatore
Published: October 2023

Sixty promising soybean varieties were evaluated in a randomised block design with two replications during kharif seasons of 1972 and 1973 at the I. A, R. I. Regional Station. Coimbatore. Morphological characters viz.. plant height number of branches and days to flowering showed significant positive correlation with yield due to higher positive direct and indirect effects via other characters. Due to the inter-related positive and negative, direct and indirect effects via other characters, yield components showed very low correlation values with yield. The varieties PLSO-18, UPSS-69. EC-25683 and EC 18737 were promising for their higher yields and other desirable characters.
Pattern of Income and its Distribution in Agriculture in Coimbatore District
Authors:   Dept of Agricultural Economics Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore 641003, S.R SUBRAMANIAN
Published: October 2023

A study on the pattern of income and its distribution in Coimbatore district revealed that the farmers of developed block were in a better position with regard to income than their counterparts due to the break-through in agricultural technology. Since the farmers of under-developed blocks mostly owned dry land, efforts should be taken to develop dry farming techniques to improve the income from corps. Though the households of the developed block received a higher total income, there is inequality in the distribution of income among the households. This might have been due to the advantageous position enjoyed by the big farmers than others in getting the resources and other facilities for adoption of new technology. Steps should be taken to distribute the required inputs and other services to the small farmers also to enable them to reap the fruits of new technology and thereby reduce the inequality in distribution of income.
Physico Chemical and Spectroscopic Characteristics of Humin of some Typical soil Groups in Rajasthan
Authors:   Central Arld Zone Research Institute, Jodhapur 342 003, D.C JOSHI , C.P GHONSIKAR ,   Marathwada Agricultuarl University Parbhani 431 402
Published: October 2023

Humin extracted from eight profiles representing typical soil groups in Rajasthan was studied for elementary composition, functional groups, spectra under visible ranges and coagulation threshold values. Variation in C, N and S contents and functional groups of humin of different soils were in ranges comparable with those reported elsewhere. Variation in elemental composition of humin appeared to be related with the stage of humification, E4/E6 ratio and coagulation threshold values indicated that humin of Banswara (black) and Kota soils were similar in behaviour to humic acid. Humin of Jaipur. Ganga- nagar, Sirohi. Udaipur, Banswars (red) and Chittor soils was characterised by wider E4/ E6 ratio and higher coagulation threshold values indicating their resemblance to fulvic acid.
Effect of Sources and Split Application of N on Nutrient Uptake by Tomato
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry ,Agrl. College and Res. Institute Madurai 625 104 Tamilnadu, C PAULRAJ , PERUMAL RANI ,   Dept.of Soil Science and Agrl,Chemistry ,Agrl. College and Res. Institute Madurai 625 104 Tamilnadu
Published: October 2023

The effect of application of four sources of N (ammonium sulphate, urea, calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride) in three and four splits on the uptake of nutrients by Co 1 tomato was investigated. Among the sources, ammonium sulphate recorded enhanced uptake of N. P and K followed by CAN. urea and ammonium chloride. Three split applications significantly increased the uptake of N. P and K over four split applications.
Influence of Continuous and Intermittent Leachings With and Without Amendments on Reclamation of Saline-Sodic Soils
Authors:   Senior Research Assitant (Soil) Dry Land Agriculture Project R.B.S College, Bichpuri Agra 283 105, C.P.S CHAUHAN , B.R TRIPATHI ,   Professor of Soil Himachal Pradesh Agriculture University Palampur
Published: October 2023

Pot experiment stduies showed that intermittent leaching had no particular advantage over continuous leaching in control, gypsum and sulfuric acid treatments in both the soils containing 1 per cent and 10 per cent free calcium carbonate content. In general, the sulfuric acid proved superior over gypsum but its higher dose proved harmful in soil having low calcium carbonate content.
CO 3 Cowpea (Vigna sinensis L. Savi) - A High Yielding Medium Duration Variety for Tamil Nadu
Authors:   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, P.V MARAPPAN , R.S ANNAPPAN ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, S IYEMPERUMAL ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, K MAHUDESWARAN ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, G.A PALANISWAMY ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, S GIRIDHARAN ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

A high yielding selection PLS 25 isolated from germplasm was released as an improved variety, cowpea CO 3. It is a medium duration (80 days) semi-erect type with less trailing habit, The seeds are light brown uniform coloured with bold size. Under irrigation it gives an average yield of 1,086 kg of grain/ha with per day productivity of 13.6 kg and under rainfed conditions it gives 829 kg/he with per day productivity of 10.4 kg.
Rainfall Pattern and Cropping System in Coimbatore
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, R KULANDAIVELU , N KEMPUCHETTY ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, Y.B MORACHAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

The daily rainfall data for the 25 years period (1953-1977) recorded at Agri- Meteorological observatory. Coimbatore, were analysed for annual. seasonal, monthly and weekly periods and presented in this paper. Based on the rainfall pattern, a suitable cropping system of growing cowpea fodder, two crops of sorghum fodder, redgram and bengalgram has been suggested in the place of growing one sorghum grain crop followed by bengalgram under rainfed conditions.
Path Coefficient Analysis of Grain Yield in Pearl Millet (Pennisetum americanum (L) Leeke)
Authors:   Department of Botany, R.B.S College, Bichpuri Agra 283 105, Y.P SINGH , KUMAR SURESH ,   Department of Botany, R.B.S College, Bichpuri Agra 283 105, B.P.S CHAUHAN ,   Department of Botany, R.B.S College, Bichpuri Agra 283 105
Published: October 2023

Nine parents and their 36 F1 hybrids were taken to study correlations among the yield and its components. Path analysis was also done to estimate the direct and indirect effects of these variables on yield, Plant height and number of internodes/main shoot were found to have positive and significant association with ear length, ear girth and hundred weight and negative association with Productive tillers/plant. Ear length was positively associated with hundred-grain weight. A negative association of grain yield with most of the characters except tillers/plant and productive tillers/plant was noted, Productive tillers showed maximum direct effect on grain yield thereby suggesting its importance as a character to be consider- od for selecting high yielding lines.
Companion Cropping of Maize with legumes for forage
Authors:   Department of Agronomy Dept, Rajasthan College of Agriculture Udaipur, G.S CHOUHAN , H.S DUNGARWAL ,   Department of Agronomy Dept, Rajasthan College of Agriculture Udaipur
Published: October 2023

Results of the field experiment conducted at Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur, showed that companion cropping of maize with legumes resulted in significant increase in the production of animal feed units, viz. total dry matter (30.91 %). T. D. N. (29.36 %), D.E.(29.36 %), D.D.M. (29.20 %) and S. E. (32.09 %); and quality of forage, viz. crude protein (67.02 %), crude fiber (22.03 %). N. F. E. (25.64 %), crude fat (53.48 %) and mineral matter (66.35 %), when compared to growing of maize above. Amongst different methods of planting. Cross-planting of maize with legumes at right angle was superior to other methods in respect to production of animal feed units and quality. Out of two companion crops tested, cowpea was better in terms of animal feed units and quality.
Attitudinal Change Through Integrated Rural Dairy Extension Programme
Authors:   Extension Section, National Dairy Research Institute Bangalore 30, M.N SINHA , V SADAMATE ,   Extension Section, National Dairy Research Institute Bangalore 30, P RAMAIAH ,   Extension Section, National Dairy Research Institute Bangalore 30, K.A SUMITRA ,   Extension Section, National Dairy Research Institute Bangalore 30
Published: October 2023

An attitudinal change study on selected dairy farm practices has shown that majority of the respondents yielded a favourable attitude towards dairy farming due to inter-institu- tional integrated dairy extension programme, the relationship between adoption of milking practices and attitude change was found to be highly significant which may be further stressed in dairy development actions and in order to have a favourable relationship between fodder production, fertility-deworming practices and attitudinal change the efforts through integrated rural dairy extension programme do need to be continued for a longer span of time.
Evaluation of Oilseed Varieties for Rainfed Black Soil Tract of Tamil Nadu
Authors:   All India Coordinated Research Project for Dry Land Agriculture Kovilpatti, G SOUNDRAPANDIAN
Published: October 2023

Eight varieties in sunflower, nine in safflower, twelve in castor and four in gin- gelly were evaluated for their suitability to the rainfed black soil tract of the southern districts of Tamil Nadu during 1976-77 to 1978-79 in the North East monsoon season (October-December). The seed yield data showed that EC 68414, EC 68413, Composite and 'Mordern Variety of sunflower; Co. 1, K1 and CTS 7205 of safflower, 50-6-4, 30-8-4 and 40-28-11 of castor and Si 1740 gingelly are promising and can be recommended for the rainfed black soil tract.
An Assessment of Gangapuri, A Valencia Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea Linn)
Authors:   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, T.K RAMACHANDRAN , A.N VENKETESWARAN ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, R.S VINAYA ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, G SRINIVASAN ,   School of Genectics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003
Published: October 2023

Gangapuri, & valencia groundnut maturing in 45 days, has a high yield potential, which, however, expresses itself only under a favourable soil moisture regime. It has a short flowering duration and nearly 50% of the flowers are produced within the first 20 days of flowering and 70% weight of the pods is realised from 3 to 4 seeded fruits. Its low shelling out-turn and low harvest index are undesirable features. The variability in yield, kernel weight and other plant charactere of this variety are suitable for utilization in breeding programmes.
Effect of soil Amendments on the Chemical Properties of Vertisol and Yield of Finger Millet* (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.)
Authors:   Dept.of Soil Science Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Coimbatore  641 003, V RAVIKUMAR , K.K KRISHNAMOORTHY ,   Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Madurai
Published: October 2023

A field experiment conducted to evaluate the effect of soil amendments on the chemical properties of vertisol revealed that application of organics viz., poultry manure, farm yard manure and inorganics like furance slag and lime sludge improved the organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus status. The total cation exchange capacity of soil was positively correlated with organic carbon content. The exchangeable calcium and magnesium status were improved by time sludge and magnesite treatments, respectively. Application of poultry manure, farm yard manure and lime sludge significantly improved the yield of finger millet (CO 10). Organic amendments were superior to inorganics in improving the chemical properties of soil and yield of finger millet.
Studies on the Optimum Time of Harvesting of Rice
Authors:   Dept of Agronomy A.N College of Agriculture Warora Distt, Chandrapur Maharastra, V.S JOSHI
Published: October 2023

In a study on optimum time of harvesting of rice (Var. Jagannath), It was found that, the moisture content in grains decreased at the rate of 0.583% per day, reaching 15.93% at harvesting. The crop harvested at 22% grain moisture content gave the maximum yield. The grains attained physiological maturity at 36 days after heading. Thirty three to 39 days after heading is the optimum time of harvesting of rice (Var. Jagannath).
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Peas (Pisum sativum, L.)
Authors:   Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal 624103 Tamil Nadu, S NATARAJAN , R ARUMUGAM ,   Horticultural Research Station, Kodaikanal 624103 Tamil Nadu
Published: October 2023

Correlations and path coefficient between pod yield and yield components were estimated in twenty cultivars of peas. The phenotypic and genotypic correlations were comparable although the genotypic correlations were slightly higher. First flower node, plant height, number of pods per plant. length and breadth of pod and number and weight of seeds per pod showed highly significant positive correlations with yield of pods. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the weight of seeds had the maximum direct effect on yield followed by number, of pods and would serve as better index for selection. Although direct effects of the length and breadth of pod and number of seeds were low. their contibutions through weight of seeds were considerable.
Piricularia Leaf Spot Disease of Bajra
Authors:   Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura Jaipur Rajastan, H,G SINGH
Published: October 2023

Plricularia disease of bajra has attained importance since the cultivation of hybrid bajra. Out of 15 graminacious plants, the fungus infected only bajra but 4 varieties were found resistant. Kasumin was the most effective fungicide in checking the disease.
Effect of Morphactin on the Linear Extension of Ricinus Communis Linn.
Authors:   Department of Botany,Christ  Church College Kanpur 208001, VARKEY MARY , R.K NIGAM ,   Department of Botany,Christ  Church College Kanpur 208001, D.E REUBEN ,   Department of Botany,Christ  Church College Kanpur 208001
Published: October 2023

In a study on the effect of morphactin on castor, it was found that soaking seeds prior to germination in low concentrations of morphactin (1 and 5ppm) promoted stem growth, while soaking in higher concentrations (10, 20, 40 and 60 ppm) tended to inhibit stem growth. Application of the chemical at 60, 120 or 240 ppm at later stages viz... cotyledon to one leaf, five to seven leaf and 10-12 leaf stages resulted in stunted growth and epinasty of the main axis.
Calculation of Evapotranspiration in Rice
Authors:   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, M.R IRUTHAYARAJ , Y.B MORACHAN ,   Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003
Published: October 2023

An investigation was carried out during 1971 to 1973 at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to calculate the evapotranspiration in rice by different formulae, it was found that the modified formula of a = 0.24 S using the Bellani spherical pyrano. meter was the best from the point of accuracy, simplicity and time.
Genetic Variability in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Authors:   Dept of Spices And Plantation crops Tamil Nadu Agrl.University Coimbatore 641 003, I.R SUTHANTHIRAPANDIAN , H AHMED SHAW ,   Dept of Spices And Plantation crops Tamil Nadu Agrl.University Coimbatore 641 003, S MUTHUSWAMI ,   Dept of Spices And Plantation crops Tamil Nadu Agrl.University Coimbatore 641 003
Published: October 2023

Sixty coriander types from the germplasm types maintained at the Faculty of Horticulture, the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, were utilized for this study 10 assess the extent of genetic variability present in the population. The characters studied were plant height. number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of umbels per plant. number of umbellets per umbel, number of seeds par umbel and yield per plant offer scope for efficient selection and for formulating selection indices.
Evaluation of the antibacterial potency of Thymus algeriensis essential oil against nosocomial bacterial strains
Authors: Bachir Nabti  , Islem Boukara  , Issam Habbouche
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria, and the toll healthcare-associated infections have been causing globally with the development of human therapy increased the overall interest in alternative natural prevention and treatment strategies. Aromatic extracts generally and essential oils specifically were proposed as potential prevention, or complementary therapy against bacterial infections, especially the nosocomial ones. Objectives. The Thymus genus, with its various species, was subject to investigation worldwide, and this study explored the in-vitro antibacterial activity of the formerly chemically identified Algerian northern central Thymus algeriensis. Method. Three bacterial strains were employed (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli) based on their prevalence in Algerian health institutions. Results. The analysis revealed the sensitivity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to the essential oil activity, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant. The results comparison to local and regional research groups’ outputs suggests that Linalool, a major component of the present study essential oil, is a main vector of the antibacterial activity, and its quantitative variation results in drastic activity shifts. Conclusions. This work highlighted the selective sensitivity of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to Thymus algeriensis essential oil and insist on the chemical identification of local aromatic species before aromatherapy implementation.
Cannabis sativa: Difference between Medical Cannabis (Maijuana or drug type) and Industrial hemp
Authors: Ravindra B. Malabadi  , Kiran P. Kolkar  , Raju K. Chalannavar  , Himansu Baijnath
Published: October 2023

This paper reviewed the importance of Cannabis sativa and highlights difference between Medical Cannabis (Maijuana or drug type) and Industrial hemp. Cannabis has been used for thousands of years for recreational, medicinal, or religious purposes. Industrial hemp and marijuana share the same species, Cannabis sativa L, but represent different varieties. As such, there are genetic differences that lead to different chemical characteristics, which, in turn, lead to different uses. Cannabis sativa L., is classified into two types as Industrial Cannabis sativa, hemp or Medical Cannabis sativa L.(drug or marijuana) based on its Λ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), content. Medical Cannabis sativa (drug or marijuana) contains very high levels of Λ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (above 0.3 to 38% of dry weight) and grown inside the greenhouse controlled conditions for the production of unfertilized female flowers. These female flowers accumulates the psychoactive molecule THC and used for health disorders. On the other hand Industrial Cannabis sativa L. (Hemp) contains very low levels of THC (0 to 0.3% of dry weight) grown outside in a large agriculture farms for the production of fibre, seeds and oil. Hemp is used as a functional food and medicine since it contains Cannabidol (CBD), and very low levels of THC.
Effectiveness of integrated solarization technology in managing soil-borne pathogens and weeds in citrus seedlings under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Ronald Kisekka  , Miriam G. Masibo  , Samuel Ongerep  , Emilly Kamusiime  , Sarah Musiimenta  , Bernadette Kabonesa
Published: October 2023

Solarization Technology utilizes solar radiation to kill soil-borne pests, diseases, and weeds in an environmentally and eco-friendly way. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of integrating solarisation with sticky traps on two potting mixtures (sawdust and soil) for three Citrus species (Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata, and C. limon). Eight treatments were tested viz., non-solarized sawdust, non-solarized soil, solarized soil, solarized soil with sticky traps, non-solarized soil with sticky traps, non-solarized sawdust with sticky traps, solarized sawdust, and solarized sawdust with sticky traps, each replicated thrice and were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Thirty sterilized seeds of each Citrus species were sown per treatment and monitored for one year in 2019. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference in weed control between the treatments at p ≤ 0.05. Tukey’s post hoc test showed weed growth differences between treatments with sawdust and ones with soil as media. More weeds grew in non-solarized soil (32%), compared to non-solarized soil with sticky traps (30%), solarized soil with sticky traps (21%), solarized soil (17%), and treatments with sawdust media did not allow weed growth (0%). A Kruskal Wallis test revealed a significant effect of treatments on the survival percentage of Citrus seedlings (X2 = 36.008, df = 7, p< 0.001), mean of chewed leaves (X2 = 20.850, df = 7, p = 0.004) and percentage levels of low chlorophyll (X2 = 21.073, df = 7, p =0.004) at the p ≤ 0.05 level. Highest number of Citrus seedlings with folded leaves were observed in non-solarized sawdust with sticky traps (mean rank = 119.50), followed by non-solarized soil with sticky traps (112.22), and solarized sawdust (107.69), while the lowest in non-solarized sawdust (90.96), solarized soil (90.91), non-solarized soil (88.25), solarized sawdust with sticky traps (85.44) and lastly solarized soil with sticky traps (82.54). Citrus seedlings with sawdust media were observed to be nitrogen deficient (Mean ranks 118.43 - 141.63). Solarized soil with sticky traps had the least number of Citrus seedlings with leaf miner symptoms (Mean rank = 12.50). Therefore, solarized soil with sticky traps was the most suitable treatment for the control of soil-borne pathogens. Treatments with sawdust media effectively stopped weed growth while those with solarized soil media reduced their growth. Integration of sticky traps was very pivotal in the management of whiteflies and other honey dew secreting insects. We recommend a similar study under field conditions.
Characterization of Omicron XBB subvariants in Vietnam
Authors: Quan Ke Thai  , Phuoc Huynh
Published: October 2023

SARS-CoV-2, an RNA virus that causes COVID-19, is known for its high mutation rate. Its latest variant, Omicron, has raised concerns due to several amino acid substitutions in the spike protein that could increase its transmissibility and virulence. Omicron has also produced subvariants with specific nucleotide mutations to evade antibodies and enhance infectivity. One of these subvariants, XBB, has become prevalent in Vietnam. Therefore, it is essential to accurately assess the genetic diversity of this emerging variant. This study analyzed the April 15th, 2023 updated data and identified nine XBB and subvariants in Vietnam, with XBB.1.5 being the most common. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the original XBB variant was related to BA.2.75, and XBB.1.5 had a close relationship with XBB.1.2. A crucial mutation, G22317T (G252V), played an essential role in the emergence of the XBB subvariant, and XBB.1.5 split from XBB.1.2 with an A22405T (E281D) mutation, as shown by the mutation network.
QbD: A novel approach for formulation and optimization of colon targeted drug delivery system containing mebeverine HCl
Authors: Anusha Gaddameedi  , Anand Kumar Yegnoor
Published: October 2023

The aim of the work is to study the programmed release of model antispasmodic drug Mebeverine HCl based on pulsatile principle to target colon proximity. Compression coated tablets included core tablet consisting of Croscarmellose as super disintegrant and pulsatile layer comprising impermeable Ethocel cup and mixture of Keltone, Eudragit S100, Ethocel as swellable and rupturable layer. The prepared core tablet was evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies. For optimization Box-Behnken design was employed to study the effect of independent variables viz., weight ratio of Keltone (X1), Eudragit S100 (X2), Ethocel (X3) on dependent variables viz., t10 (Y1), t50 (Y2) and Q12 (Y3). Results revealed positive influence of independent factors on responses. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Mathematical modeling for kinetic studies revealed that the release profile after lag time followed first order kinetics. The results concluding that a successful pulsatile drug delivery system of Mebeverine HCl was developed.
End to end delay distribution analysis and interference aware high throughput for Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Prema K N  , Ushadevi M B  , Smitha S M  , Roopa B S
Published: October 2023

The wireless mesh network is an innovative and efficient wireless communication approach with immense potential to transform future wireless networks. This cutting-edge wireless technology provides a wide range of wireless services for personal, local, campus, and metropolitan environments. The wireless mesh network consists of a cluster of mobile wireless nodes that can dynamically and instantaneously create random and temporary network topologies, forming a wireless ad-hoc network. Ad hoc wireless networks are particularly advantageous due to their cost-effectiveness and ease of deployment. In order to further optimize the performance of ad-hoc networks, different routing algorithms such as Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing Algorithm (DSR) and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) have been thoroughly researched via simulation.
Travel avoidance and destination choice analysis: Indonesian's case study
Authors: Anggiat Parlindungan Simbolon  , Efni Siregar  , Safaruddin  , Vivianti Novita
Published: October 2023

This research aims to analyze the choice based on the research model, a modification of The Health Belief Model (HBM), consisting of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, Subjective knowledge and Travel Risk Perception on destination choice and travel avoidance as moderator variables. The results found that perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, and travel risk perception positively and significantly influence travel avoidance directly. Only travel risk perception significantly impacted tourists' destination choices. Indirectly, perceived susceptibility and travel risk perception greatly influenced destination choice, with travel avoidance as a moderator variable. Travel risk perception was the most influential factor to travel avoidance and tourists' destination choice during the Covid19 outbreak.
Investigation of the characteristics of atmospheric and meteorological parameters of a severe dust storm in the Mumbai during January 2022
Authors: Rajat Verma  , Amarendra Singh  , Atul Kumar Srivastava  , Prabhat Kumar Patel
Published: October 2023

In recent years, India has experienced frequent dust storms, which have a significant impact on local climatic conditions. This research focuses on a significant dust storm event that took place in January 2022 across the Arabian Sea and its effects on the Mumbai region. The study utilizes a combination of ground-based measurements and satellite observations of optical parameters to investigate different atmospheric and meteorological parameters. The analysis of aerosol optical characteristics observed through Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) data indicates significant variations during the dust storm day in comparison to pre- and post-dust storm days. There is a huge surge in the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) values Ångström Exponent (AE) values decrease. This confirms the presence of coarser particles in the affected region. The elevated values of the Aerosol Index (AI) on dusty days shows the presence of UV-absorbing aerosols. The ground-based measurements obtained by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in the Mumbai region shows a rapid surge in the PM concentrations during the dust storm day. This study also highlights the change in the meteorological conditions associated with the occurrence of dust storm. The back trajectory analysis shows that most of the air-mass parcels transported from the Arabian Sea. The findings of this study collectively emphasize the substantial impact of dust storms on local atmospheric chemistry and the climatic system.
Analysis of major cyclone storms ‘mocha 2023’, ‘Mandous 2022’ of recent years over India
Authors: Nitish Raj Rathaur  , Amarendra Singh  , Prabhat Kumar Patel
Published: October 2023

The current study outlines how ocean conditions contributed to the development, intensification and dissipation of the extremely severe cyclonic storms “Mocha” (ESCS) (2023), severe cyclonic storm (SCS) “Mandous” (2022), very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) “Asani” (2022), and (ESCS) “Tauktae” (2021). ‘Mocha’ tropical cyclones (TC) formed over warm waters over the southeast Bay of Bengal and the adjacent northern Andaman Sea on May 11–12, 2023, ‘Mandous’ over the southeast Bay of Bengal on December 6-7, 2022. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) generated ECMWF reanalysis V5 (ERA5), which is used in the present study to analyse the sea surface temperature (SST), latent heat flux, relative vorticity (RV), specific humidity, and relative humidity during the lifetime of the storm. The analysis of the TC’s sea surface temperature data from satellites suggests that a much warmer SST was present throughout the cyclone’s existence, which may have been the primary reason for the TC’s fast intensification. Latent Heat flow (LHF) was found to be high along with SST values. As the TC approached the coast, an RV value that was both positive and significant was discovered. During intensification, Specific and Relative Humidity also had high levels.
The utilization of cost-effective natural sorbents for the eradication of heavy metal contaminants from the real world-based adsorbate system
Authors: Mohammad Zeeshan Ansari  , A.K. Shukla  , Prabhat Kumar Patel
Published: October 2023

In India, Industrial growth has resulted towards the release of numerous contaminated heavy metals into the environment, Various industries directly discharged the effluents containing harmful pollutants such as toxic heavy metals into the aqueous medium. There are numbers of treatment methods available to remove toxic elements from effluents before disposal. Several research investigations have been conducted to determine the capacity of unconventional absorbents to remove various wastewater impurities. Bio-sorption technique uses agricultural and natural left-over materials as adsorbents since they remain considerably less expensive, supportable, and available than traditional effluent treatment technologies. This study concentrates removal efficiency of orange peels (OP), rice husk (RH) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) from the industrial effluents. Adsorption studies have been conducted for OP, RH and SCB with differing dose, pH, and contact duration, determined to be appropriate and leading to the highest levels of removal effectiveness. At 1.00 gm dosage, the maximum % removal efficiency of Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd and Zn removal for OP, RH and SCB were 84.90%, 90.45%, 86.21%, 98.00% and 74.11% respectively by using OP, RH and SCB the max. percentage removal efficiency of Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd and Zn for OP, RH were 82.81%, 76.80%, 76.16%, 78.46%, 78.59% at a pH value of 5, 6, 5, 7 and 7 respectively. The max. percentage removal efficiency of Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd and Zn using OP, RH and SCB were 93.45%, 93.05%,77.66%, 94.62%, 85.10% at the contact time of 120, 60, 120, 60 and 80 minutes respectively.