bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROSPECTS OF ZONING TERRITORIES IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF AGRO-TOURISM ACTIVITIES IN FERGANA PROVINCE
Authors: Mirzaev Abdullajon
Published: October 2023

The article explores the issues of zoning areas in the strategic management of agrotourism activities in the Fergana region. The activities of agrotourism and some related concepts of foreign and domestic scientists, reflecting the results of various studies, were presented, and the definition of authorship was developed. Based on the integration of the indicators of total potential determined by the regions of the Fergana region, integral indicators were identified that assess the possibility of developing agrotourism activities in 19 regions. In order to group the identified integral indicators, using the Sterjess formula, it was established that the regions are divided into 4 zones in terms of the development of agrotourism activities.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING EFFICIENCY OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Tashkhodjaev Mukhtarkhan
Published: October 2023

The article analyzes the factors affecting the trends of financial management of higher education institutions and their modern theories and specific aspects. The experiences of foreign countries in financial management and aspects such as contract fees paid by students and salaries paid to professors are analyzed. Based on research, scientific suggestions and recommendations aimed at regulating external and internal factors in the financial management of higher education institutions have been developed.
WAYS TO REDUCE THE PRODUCTION COST OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES IN STRENGTHENING FINANCIAL AUTHORITY
Authors: Buranova Lola
Published: October 2023

The article “Strengthening the financial potential by reducing the cost of production of industrial enterprises” considers the impact of the volume of industrial production on the financial potential of the Surkhandarya region, analyzes the main factors affecting the volume of production of construction enterprises, built econometric models and forecast scenarios until 2027. The role of each operating in the region enterprises is incomparable in strengthening the parameters of the budget, tax potential and financial resources of the region.
FUEL-ENERGY NETWORK ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVITY
Authors: Mirzakhalilova Azizakhan
Published: October 2023

This article presents the system of indicators that describe the innovative potential of the enterprise by functional block, the assessment of the main factors affecting the economic efficiency of the fuel and energy complex,development of the fuel and energy industryfeatures highlighted,fuel and energy network activityTasks for increasing efficiency are indicated.
THE NEED TO LOCATE FREE ECONOMIC AND SMALL INDUSTRY ZONES IN THE REGIONS
Authors: Rashidov Mels , Toshimov Shahzodjon
Published: October 2023

The article focuses on the recent works on the establishment of free economic and small industrial zones in the regions of our country, the impact of these works on the development of our country, as well as the problems encountered in the free economic and small industrial zones and their elimination. suggestions and recommendations are presented.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONCEPT OF COMPETITION
Authors: Jalolov Abbaskhan
Published: October 2023

The article examines the formation and development of the theory of competition, the contributions of representatives of economics, strategic management and marketing sciences to the study of the essence and content of this phenomenon and the analysis of the main concepts of competition.
THE MECHANISM OF INCOME REDISTRIBUTION AND THE REGULARITY OF THEIR FUNCTIONING
Authors: Khazhiev Bakhtiyor
Published: October 2023

The article discusses such issues as the redistribution of incomes created in the national economy, criteria for assessing their fairness and efficiency, natural factors affecting this, and human qualities. Scientific proposals and practical recommendations were also given to ensure fairness and efficiency of the redistribution processes.
THE ROLE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Tashpolatov Dilshodbek , Mamatkulov Kudratjon
Published: October 2023

This article analyzes the experience of foreign countries in the use of digital technologies in agriculture and its importance. Features of achieving economic efficiency as a result of the use of digital technologies in agriculture are shown. Conclusions and suggestions on achieving efficiency in the process of digitization in agricultural enterprises are given.
EFFECTIVE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Authors: Kambarov Nodir
Published: October 2023

The article discusses the specific features and current problems of using modern digital technologies in the educational system today, which shows that distance education has become an integral part of the entire educational process, but at the same time, problems arise. ladi, the author tries to analyze some of them. Also, the author highlighted the actual aspects and importance of using digital technologies in education on a theoretical basis and gave his recommendations.
IMPROVING THE PROCESSES OF USING MODERN INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF DIGITAL SERVICES
Authors: Samiyeva Maftuna
Published: October 2023

This article examines the strategy of improving the use of modern information and communication technologies (ICT) in the organization of digital services. By optimizing the processes associated with the introduction of ICT, organizations can increase efficiency, improve customer experience and lead to business growth. The article provides insights into ICT Infrastructure Assessment, user experience analysis and application of rapid development practices. It highlights the positive results of this optimization, including improved efficiency, improved customer experience, and advanced data management. The article concludes with recommendations for developing digital first thinking, investing in ICT infrastructure, prioritizing user experience, and promoting collaboration.
RESEARCH OF THE CONSUMER VALUE OF RESTAURANT SERVICES IN THE CONDITIONS OF CHANGING CONSUMPTION BEHAVIORS
Authors: Ibodov Kamoliddin
Published: October 2023

This article provides a comparative analysis of changes in consumer behavior of restaurant services. In the context of changing consumption behavior, has been formed a group of factors that determines the consumer value of customers in the sphere of restaurant services.
THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS OF INTRODUCTION OF NEW BANKING SERVICES IN COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors: Umarov Abdulquddus
Published: October 2023

Application of new innovative digital technologies in commercial banks in a scientific article. A new approach to creating an innovative new type of Development of new banking products with high value for the client, which can satisfy the needs of clients, and elimination of "pains", that is, obstacles and solutions to problems that arise in the process of creating new products. Cases related to the theoretical basis of the organization of innovative activity in the packaging of new types of services "packaged", that is, in the process of purchasing one product, which allows the use of several new types of services in products with different prices, have been considered product, that is, introducing modern types of services that help customers meet their real needs.
DEVELOPMENT FACTORS OF WOMEN-LED SMALL ENTERPRISES AND MICRO-FIRMS IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Jumaeva Mukhlisa
Published: October 2023

In recent years, it became clear that the investigations of economic relationships in Uzbekistan should also cover business processes with the participation of women. Regarding that, factors influencing on the growth of the numbers of small enterprises and micro firms headed by women were analyzed via applying correlation and regression methods of analysis. Based on the results, a multivariate econometric model was created using four factors having the strongest impact on the dependent variable.
An Assessment of the Progress of School Education Based on Source of Funding and Expenditure Incurred in the United Provinces in Modern India
Authors: Preyadarshi Purnima , Silas Suneet
Published: October 2023

The advent of modern education in India, based on a secular system of grants- in-aid, is attributable largely to the policies introduced by the Government in the latter half of the nineteenth century. While the present educational system has evolved over the years, and tuned itself to the present needs, both global and national, it still retains various foundational aspects of modern education, one being the grants-in-aid system.

This paper attempts to analyze the gradual development of school education, from the lens of the expenditure incurred in this exercise, which was crucial for its implementation. The various sources and modes of funding have been elaborated, and juxtaposed with the actual progress displayed by the aided schools, to understand the efficacy as well as the drawbacks of the system.
Descriptive Study of Malabsorption Syndrome at the Postgraduate Hospital in Khost, Afghanistan
Authors: Trezai Mohammad Anwar , Khwaja Sultan Mohammad , Ahmadi Said Shah , Ranzormal Shahmehmood
Published: October 2023

Background: Malabsorption syndrome is a gastrointestinal condition hindering the efficient absorption of nutrients from food. Multiple factors contribute, primarily linked to mucosal damage within the small intestine, the primary site for nutrient absorption. (1)

Research Goal: The Frequency and pattern of Malabsorption in khost provincial and specialized Hospital During year1400 hijri shamsi.

Research rational: There is no medical information about the case in the civil and specialized hospital of khost, also the disease events constitute a large percentage of disease events if diagnosed and treat in time the complication rate will be reduced.

Methodology: Our study is a descriptive case series conducted in the year 1400. Among the 2,311 patients admitted to Khost Hospital during that time, 80 individuals were diagnosed with Malabsorption Syndrome.

Result: During the year 1400 ,2311 patients were hospitalized in khost hospital, among these, 30 patients were diagnosed as Malabsorption, most were younger than 20 and more than 60 years, most of them were female, the significant symptoms were chronic diarrhea, weight loss, dyspepsia and dehydration. most admitted patients were referred from center of khost city and major complications were weight loss, malnutrition, and anemia.

Final result: the incidence of malabsorption contains 1.29% of all other diseases, the incidence is higher in patients who aged less than 20 and more than 60 years, the incidence is higher in female than male, the events are more in the central areas of the khost than the districts., the common symptoms are chronic diarrhea, weight loss, dyspepsia. The weight loss, malnutrition, and anemia were the major complications.
Perancangan Buku Cerita Bergambar “Believe in My Hertz on My Lonely Days”
Authors: Dinda Novia Putri
Published: October 2023

This project is proposed as a solution to the lack of illustrated books and education about loneliness. The character of the 52 Hertz whale is featured in this book and represents a depiction of the reality of human life experiencing loneliness. The main goal of this illustrated picture book design is to educate, help people express themselves, prove that those who experiencing loneliness are not alone in facing their problems, and make this book a safe space for them to learn how to manage emotional responses and reduce the risk of depression and loneliness-induced mortality. The method used in this project is the 4D development method, divided into 4 stages: Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, literature, and the internet. The data analysis technique used is the 5W + 1H method. In addition to the illustrated picture book, the supporting media produced from this design include postcards, bookmarks, A2 posters, x-banner, hangtag, tote bags, A6 notebook, and cloth banners.
Metafóras sobre cuerpo y alimentación en mujeres chilenas
Authors: Godoy Berthet Carolina , Alarcón Silva Mauricio
Published: October 2023

Una metáfora conceptual constituye un proceso analógico del pensamiento que tiene su manifestación literal en expresiones lingüísticas que usamos en la vida cotidiana. El razonamiento metafórico devela las dinámicas sociales y los posicionamientos ideológicos bajo los cuáles se inscriben los procesos de subjetivación. Bajo este enfoque de la lingüística cognitiva analizamos las metáforas que mujeres chilenas atribuyen a la alimentación y a su cuerpo. Entrevistamos a 35 mujeres entre 25 a 60 años con pertenencia a diversos estratos socioeconómicos. Los resultados revelaron la existencia de un conjunto de metáforas normalizadoras que transmiten ideologías que buscan perpetuar valores patriarcales y de consumo que afectan de forma negativa la relación de las mujeres con su alimentación y propio cuerpo. De forma secundaria emergieron metáforas que plantean una resistencia al modelo y con ello un posible tránsito hacia la construcción de una subjetividad desligada del orden patriarcal de género.
REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1943.
Authors: JAK Graham
Published: October 2023

Annual GSI report
The demesne at Mitchelstown, Co. Cork
Authors: Henning D. Vida
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Irish topographical terms
Authors: Quin E. G. , Freeman T. W.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Reviews of Books
Authors: Purser Olive , Freeman T. . W. , Watson Elizabeth J.
Published: October 2023

RURAL LIFE IN NORTHERN IRELAND. By John M. Mogey, M.A., Geoffrey Cumberledge. Oxford University Press, London, 1947. 15s.DEVON AND CORNWALL, A PRELIMINARY SURVEY. A Report issued by the University College of the South‐West, Exeter. A Wheaton & Co., Ltd., Exeter, 1947. Price, 31s. 6d.
The Aille river and cave, co. Mayo
Authors: Coleman J. C.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Reviews of Books
Authors: G. J. A. K.
Published: October 2023

GEOGRAPHY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY, edited by Griffith Taylor. Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1951, 630 pp. 30s.
The Irish country town
Authors: Freeman T. W.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Erosion surfaces in the Mourne mountains
Authors: Proudfoot V. Bruce
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The glaciation of the Dingle Peninsula
Authors: Proudfoot V. Bruce
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The town of Skibbereen
Authors: Haughton J. P.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Reviews of Books
Authors: C. J. C. , A. J. H. , H. J. P. , D. G. L. , G. J. A. K. , F. A. , F. A. , F. A.
Published: October 2023

University of Bristol, Proceedings of the Spelaeological Society, No. 3, Vol. 7 (1955–56) Price 10/‐.ATLAS OF AUSTRALIAN RESOURCES, part II. Department of National Development, Canberra, 1956. Distributed by Angus & Robertson, London. 10s. 6d. each map.THE FABER ATLAS. Edited by D. J. Sinclair. Geo Publishing (Oxford) Ltd. 1956. 32/6. 12×81/2 ins. 146 pages of maps. Distributed by Faber & Faber, LondonSOUTHWEST PACIFIC. By Kenneth B. Cumberland. Pp. 365. London : Methuen. 1956. 28/6RAILWAYS AND GEOGRAPHY, By A. C. O'Dell. Hutchinson, London, 1956. 198 pp. 71/4×41/4 in. 10s. 6d.CENSUS ATLAS MAPS OF LATIN AMERICA. Part II ‐ Greater Antilles. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington 25, D. C. 1956. No price given.THE IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL, vol. XII, no. 4, October 1956. 3/6.IRISH HISTORICAL STUDIES, vol. IX, no 36. 1955. 10/6.
East Leinster in the mid‐nineteenth century
Authors: Hughes T. Jones
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Glacial morphology of the blue stack area, Donegal
Authors: Dury G. H.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Irish immigration to England and Wales in the mid‐nineteenth century
Authors: Lawton R.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The leather industries of the Irish republic, 1922‐′55 : A study in industrial development and location
Authors: Dwyer D. J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
A suggestion for terrain profiles, based upon the thalweg and watershed lines
Authors: Common R.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Joseph beete jukes and the rivers of southern Ireland—a century's retrospect
Authors: Davies Gordon L.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
An initial estimate of the speed of limestone solution in County Clare
Authors: Williams P. W.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The national soil survey
Authors: Gardiner Michael J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Some sources for the study of enclosure in Ireland between the 16th and 19th centuries
Authors: Andrews J. H.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Enclosure in Lecale, Co. Down
Authors: Buchanan R. H.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Cyclic surfaces in the Roundwood Basin, County Wicklow
Authors: Davies Gordon L.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The geography of human fertility in Northern Ireland (1961)
Authors: Robinson Alan
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Forty years of geography
Authors: Freeman T. W.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Industry in South‐East Ireland : A study in industrial location
Authors: Tarrant John R.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The development of western Ireland
Authors: Scully John J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Socio‐geographical aspects of industrial growth at Shannon
Authors: Küpper U. I.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Some comments on standard distance: A new application to Irish population studies
Authors: Waterman Stanley
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The disappearance of clachans from South Ards, co. down, in the nineteenth century
Authors: Graham B. J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The Irish community in Greenock in the nineteenth century
Authors: Lobban R. D.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The 1970 Glen Burn floods and their implications
Authors: Common R.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The use of oral tradition in Irish historical geograph
Authors: McCourt Desmond
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Canonical analysis of the relations between certain aspects of the demographic and urban systems of the republic of Ireland
Authors: Norcliffe G. B.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Some glacial features between Pollaphuca and Baltinglass, Co. Wicklow
Authors: Farrington Anthony , Mitchell G. F.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Mining, quarrying and Derelict Land : An aspect of land use in Northern Ireland
Authors: Wallwork K. L.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The structure and distribution of grocery stores in Dublin
Authors: Parker A. J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
The passenger rail system in Ireland: Present trends and future prospects
Authors: Killen James E.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Reviews of Books
Authors: Holland C. H. , Bannon Michael J. , Aalen F. H.A. , Horner A. A. , Grahame J. A.K. , Ní Aodha Máire , Maynard H. , Huddart David , Andrews J. H. , Killen James E.
Published: October 2023

A NATURAL HISTORY OF IRELAND, by Christopher Moriarty. Cork : the Mercier Press, 1972. 192 pp. £1.25.REGIONAL INDUSTRIAL PLANS, 1973–77. Dublin : Industrial Development Authority, 1972. Part 1, 78 pp. and appendices, £1.00. Part 2, 8 volumes, 317 pp., £0.50 per volume.SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE SMALL ECONOMY. A CASE STUDY OF IRELAND, by Helen B. O'Neill. New York : Praegar Publishers, 1971. 221 pp.THE IRISH WOODS SINCE TUDOR TIMES: THEIR DISTRIBUTION AND EXPLOITATION, by Eileen McCracken. Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1971. 184 pp. £2.25.IRELAND FROM THE AIR, by Daphne D. C. Pochin Mould. Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1972. 110 pp. £3.25.FACTS FROM GWEEDORE COMPILED FROM THE NOTES OF LORD GEORGE HILL, M.R.I.A. Belfast: the Institute of Irish Studies, Queen's University, 1971. xxvii + 64 pp. £1.00.FOCLÓIR TÍREOLAÍOCHTA : DICTIONARY OF GEOGRAPHY. Baile Átha Cliath : Oifig an tSoláthair, 1972. 116 pp. £0.30.THE IRISH : HOW THEY LIVE AND WORK, by Martin Wallace. Newton Abbot: David and Charles, 1972. 166 pp. £2.25.THE GLACIATIONS OF WALES AND ADJOINING REGIONS, edited by Colin A. Lewis. London : Longmans, 1970. 378 pp. £7.00.THE LARGE SCALE COUNTY MAPS OF THE BRITISH ISLES, 1596–1850, by E. M. Rodger. Oxford : Bodleian Library, second edition, 1972. 56 pp.BASIC MAP WORK, by E. M. Fahy. Dublin : Gill and Macmillan, 1972. 75 pp. £0.70.Map reviewCLIMATE AND RAINFALL. SOIL MAP. Both published by the Ordnance Survey, Dublin. £0.10 each.
Locational patterns and trends within the pre-famine linen industry
Authors: Smyth William J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available...
Land resources as a basic factor in livestock carrying capacity
Authors: Lee J.
Published: October 2023

This study examines qualitative differences in Irish land resources both at national and county level. Quantitative differences in the capacity of different soils for livestock production are also investigated and it is shown that intensive livestock production (> 225 L.U./100 ha.) is possible on only 44% of the land of the country. The effect of geographic location on the seasonal pattern of pasture production is examined and even within dryland areas there is a 30 day difference in target date of grazing commencement in spring. Only 16 % of holdings have above 40 livestock units, whereas 32 % are technically capable of achieving this stocking-level. At a higher target of 60 livestock units, only 11 % of holdings have above this level of stocking, whereas 19% are technically capable of achieving this target. Comparable figures for 20 and 100 livestock unit targets are also presented. In addition, recent land-use trends in relation to tillage-area and livestock numbers are examined. Over the '9S7-1974 period, the number of livestock units in the country increased by 1.94 million (44 %) while over the same period 0.6 million acres were released from tillage to grassland. The study shows that only 22% of the livestock increase could be accounted for by the contraction in tillage, suggesting that the increase was largely due to intensification on the grassland acreage.
Spheres of influence and regional policy: The case of Northern Ireland
Authors: Hoare Anthony G.
Published: October 2023

Official response since the 1960s to Northern Ireland's regional economic problems has consistently stressed the benefits of concentrating manufacturing investment in 'good locations', where growth-centres are to be established. Consideration of the attributes of such 'good locations' from the industrial viewpoint leads to the view that they partly consist of reasonable access to a range of locationally-specific 'factors', whose geographical pattern cannot be altered by government action, other than in the long term. Around these factors 'spheres of influence' can be delimited, identifying areas with relatively high concentrations of industrial firms benefiting from access to them. Further discussion of this concept suggests how the locations of these same location factors can affect the justification for, and success of, any particular growth-centre strategy. Comments in official planning reports in Northern Ireland show that an awareness of such spatial policy constraints exists, but it is only a vague and often inconsistent awareness, reflecting an almost total lack of relevant empirical evidence on the nature of these 'spheres'. This has provided the stimulus for an on-going research project among the province's manufacturers, the nature of which is briefly outlined.
The making of Irish geography, I: William Petty
Authors: Andrews J. H.
Published: October 2023

Abstract not available....
A note on tufa-depositing springs in Glenasmole, Co. Dublin
Authors: Statham Ian
Published: October 2023

Hitherto unreported tufa-depositing springs occur in Glenasmole, Co. Dublin. They owe their presence to limestone-rich fluvioglacial gravels and sands, which overlie impermeable grey boulder clay of Midlandian age, and give rise to a well-marked spring line. Preliminary chemical and scanning electron microscope analysis suggests that the calcium carbonate is precipitated around plant fibres (especially mosses) as euhedral, platy or rhombohedral calcite crystals. Whether this is by inorganic precipitation or whether biological processes are involved is not yet known.
Planning the Irish transport network: Parallels in nineteenth- and twentieth-century proposals
Authors: Horner A. J.
Published: October 2023

The second report of the Irish Railway Commission, 1836-38, proposed the development, under some form of strong state direction, of a modest railway system to link only the main towns with Dublin. A much more elaborate network was subsequently created under private enterprise. Since the 1920s, however, there have been many closures. There has also been greater state involvement. The network shape has contracted towards that originally proposed.The basic factors influencing the shape of the network have changed little since 1838. Particularly important are the continuing lack of large inland centres, and the limited volume of internal trade. The result is that modern studies, such as those of McKinscy on railways and Buchanan on roads, discuss problems and offer solutions similar to those advanced by the Railway Commission over a century earlier. The possible impact of major transport improvements on Dublin and the Irish space economy in general is considered briefly in relation to current, past, and future changes.
The Land Surveyor In Northern Ireland Before The Coming Of The Ordnance Survey Circa 1840
Authors: Lockhart Douglas G.
Published: October 2023

Land surveyors played an important role in shaping the present landscape of Ireland. The evidence from contemporary newspaper advertisements in the Belfast News Letter is reviewed and it is shown that this source provides a valuable insight into the work activities of land surveyors. Six advertisements are quoted to demonstrate the nature of the evidence and a complete list of notices which appeared in the News Letter is printed at the end of the text.
Irish manuscript census records : A neglected source of information
Authors: Royle Stephen A.
Published: October 2023

The study of the nineteenth‐century geography and social history of Ireland has been severely handicapped by the destruction of the vast majority of the manuscript material collected in connection with the decennial censuses. Documents from the 1861–1891 censuses were never preserved ; those from the 1813–1851 censuses were largely lost in the destruction of the Four Courts in Dublin in 1922. The surviving material from the 1813–1851 period has been surprisingly little used by researchers into the nineteenth century. This paper lists those manuscript records that have survived for areas large enough to be worthy of geographical investigation and it also demonstrates the range of information given in each set of manuscripts. The contents of the fully extant 1901 and 1911 census enumerators’ returns are also given.
Current activities in the ordnance survey of Ireland
Authors: Walsh M. C.
Published: October 2023

No abstract available.......
The atlas of Ireland
Authors: Haughton J. P.
Published: October 2023

This is an informal account of the creation of a thematic atlas of Ireland over a period of seven years. The first part relates to the setting up of an organisation for the project under the auspices of the Royal Irish Academy and touches also on some of the financial implications. The second part explains how the contents of the atlas were selected and the maps compiled. Various problems including those relating to the choice of data, the scale and format of the maps, the use of colour and the correction of the proofs, are also discussed.
Medieval Dublin: A topographical analysis
Authors: Simms Anngret
Published: October 2023

This paper deals with the topography of medieval Dublin by carrying out a town‐plan analysis of John Rocque's Exact survey of the city and suburbs of Dublin in 1756. The complex structure of the town‐plan reflects the different growth‐phases. They include the monastic settlement of the Early Christian period, the pre‐urban nucleus consisting of the first Viking encampment on the ridge at the confluence of the Liffey and the Poddle, the expansion of the enclosed space in the Hiberno‐Norse period, and the renewed growth after the Anglo‐Norman conquest which led to the reclamation of land in the estuary of the Liffey. Contemporary documentary source‐material has been used for the explanation of the processes which shaped the topographical features. The case‐study is preceded by a short discussion of the importance of medieval Dublin for the study of urban origins in Europe.
Blanket peat erosion: Theoretical considerations and observations from selected conservation sites in Slieveanorra Forest National Nature Reserve, County Antrim
Authors: McGreal W. S. , Larmour R. A.
Published: October 2023

Geomorphological investigation of blanket peat at three conservation plots in Slieveanorra Forest National Nature Reserve, County Antrim, suggests that various stages of peat erosion are concurrent. The proximity of undisturbed peat, gullies and haggs, peat flats, redistributed peat and regenerated peat is described. Morphological evidence may be interpreted in terms of a natural cycle or system of peat erosion but pollen analysis suggests a linkage between agricultural activity and the commencement of erosion. A C14 date of 2108 BP implies a much earlier date for peat erosion than generally considered. Erosion processes and origins are discussed and related to theories of upland blanket peat erosion.
The Irish abroad: Better questions through a better source, the Canadian census
Authors: Houston C. J. , Smyth W. J.
Published: October 2023

A considerable body of writing on the Irish abroad now exists and it is possible from this literature to identify certain patterns of inquiry. For the most part the British studies of the Irish abroad are confined to actual emigrants and little attention is devoted to the issue of acculturation of second and third generation Irish in Britain. It is apparent, also, that many of these studies treat only the Catholic Irish. In the Canadian context, however, it is possible, using religious and ethnic census data, to identify the relative fortunes of Catholic and Protestant Irish emigrants in both the first and successive generations. A method of analysis is described and it is suggested that, employing alternative sources, a similar approach might be feasible for studies of the Irish in countries other than Canada.
Soil-geological and Soil-geomorphological relationships in Avondale Forest Park, Co. Wicklow
Authors: Collins J. F. , Reeves T.
Published: October 2023

The relationships between parent materials, geomorphic features and soil types in Avondale Forest Park are reported and discussed. The occurrence of contrasting rocks (acid tuffs, diorite, dolerite and shales) and a variety of glacial and fluvial materials are largely responsible for the heterogeneity of the soils. Soil Orders/Great Groups include Podzols, Brown Podzolics, Brown Earths, Gleys, Lithosols, Regosols and Rankers. The soils are also placed in the Subgroups of the new U.S. Soil Taxonomy. The influence of glacial, periglacial and post-glacial conditions on the soil distribution pattern is discussed with reference to subsequent pedogenetic processes.
Relationships between the morphometric parameters of meander planform in south County Down
Authors: O'Boyle James M.
Published: October 2023

Dynamic adjustments to achieve quasi-equilibrium in alluvial streams involve changes in the planimetric geometry. To determine the present situation in South Down, detailed field measurements of meander elements were made on a sample of fifty river meanders, forty-six of which occur on slopes of less than 2°.Significant relationships were established between channel width and meander wavelength, radius of curvature, amplitude and meander-belt width as dependent variables. These relationships were found to be curvilinear, thus indicating that ratios are not constant. Correlation coefficients for paired planform elements were calculated. Relations were similar to those of other recent empirical studies.
Variations in grocery prices within Dublin: Some tests of their stability
Authors: Hay A. M. , Johnston R. J. , Parker A. J.
Published: October 2023

Previous work on retail grocery products in Dublin has demonstrated the existence of significant price variations for a basket of goods on the basis of a number of independent variables, particularly organisational structure of the store. This paper extends this work by taking samples of grocery baskets of different sizes and analyses the resultant price variations. Although there is considerable stability in the price variations between different types of stores, there is much less stability in the geographical variation of prices amongst stores belonging to the same organisational type. This gives some indication of the information problems facing the consumer when choosing which store to patronise.
Village and town in mid nineteenth century Ireland
Authors: Hughes T. Jones
Published: October 2023

No abstract
Air pollution and morbidity in Dublin
Authors: Sweeney John C.
Published: October 2023

Ground level concentrations of smoke and sulphur dioxide in Dublin approach, and on occasion exceed, values at which the World Health Organisation suggest adverse health effects may be discerned. To examine the alleged threshold position of the city in this respect hospital admission data for three winter periods from 1975 to 1978 are examined in conjunction with climatic and air pollution data for the corresponding period. Significant associations arc found between sulphur dioxide levels and respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity for the first winter studied, and between smoke levels and respiratory categories for the remaining two. Inferential deduction following multivariate analysis suggests unfavourable dispersion conditions were influential during the second winter and significant changes in the emission environment were involved during the third winter period. It is suggested that the initial effects of changing consumer fuel preference from oil to solid fuel are apparent in the relative decline of SO2, compared with smoke, as the key pollution variable with respect to morbidity and that an end to the relative neglect of this pollution parameter would now be appropriate.
Regional disparities in the quantity of life: the Republic of Ireland, 1971–1977
Authors: Pringle D. G.
Published: October 2023

Numerous studies in recent years have highlighted regional and local disparities in the quality of life. Although useful, it is suggested that these studies may tend to overlook regional disparities of a different nature — namely in the quantity of life. This paper investigates whether significant regional variations in life expectancy are found within the Republic of Ireland. Three methods of quantifying life expectancy are used so as to reduce the possibility of an erroneous conclusion due to methodological factors. The analysis indicates that regional and urban-rural disparities within Ireland between 1971 and 1977 arc statistically significant. The implications of these findings arc discussed and suggestions are made for further research.
The catholic parish, the catholic chapel and village development in Ireland
Authors: Whelan Kevin
Published: October 2023

The Catholic Church in Ireland underwent profound transformations in the early modern period. Among the most significant of these was the need to reconstruct its parish network and to provide places of worship for its adherents. This reconstruction and rebuilding phase was largely compressed into the 1780–1860 period and gave rise to a radically new parish framework which was adapted to the demographic, social and economic conditions of that time. Chapels were also constructed in large numbers and their sites were determined by the attitudes of landlords, the wealth of the local Catholic community and the sponsorship of prominent Catholic families. The diffusion of chapel building shows pronounced regional biases. Associated with this reinvigorated parish and chapel network was the development of new villages, for which the chapel acted as a nucleus and focus. The term chapel-village is used to describe them and their economic, social and morphological characteristics are examined. Their distribution reveals marked regionalisation on both the micro and the macro scales, related to historical, cultural, economic and social factors.
Mapping peatland vegetation from readily available air-photographs: a field test from Northern Ireland
Authors: Tomlinson R. W.
Published: October 2023

Readily available black and while vertical photographs of the Garron Plateau, Co. Antrim were examined. On the basis of photo-physiognomy the vegetation was classified and mapped. These vegetation groupings were then examined in the field, the resulting quadrats being subjected to tabular comparison. Good agreement was found between the vegetation groupings derived by photo and field analysis. In the light of these findings, the use of air photographs in vegetation mapping for several purposes is discussed and evaluated.
Separation and its consequences
Authors: Waterman Stanley
Published: October 2023

Fred Boal’s classic paper, ‘Territoriality on the Shankill-Falls Divide’ was written just prior to the outbreak of ‘The Troubles’ (Boal 1969). Thus it is a case study in historical geography. As Boal noted in the paper, the social geography of Belfast had already been documented; Estyn Evans noted the intense communal segregation in the 1940s and Emrys Jones’ monograph, predating Boal by almost a decade, was on its way to becoming a mini-classic (Boal 2007). However, Fred’s work was no mere repetition or update. His achievement was in extending the study of segregation in Belfast to encompass activity segregation, drawing attention to the fact that the segregation of Protestants and Catholics in Belfast was deeper-rooted than the mere separation of residences.
Introduction: Continuity, Change and the Family Farm
Authors: Meredith David
Published: October 2023

No abstract available
Small-Farm Settlement Landscapes in Transition
Authors: Duffy Patrick
Published: October 2023

Settlement landscape heritage is an integral aspect of Ireland’s rurality: it contributes to national and international perceptions of Ireland in which images of a land of green fields and rural culture prevail. These images are increasingly valuable in setting Ireland as a place apart within the global economy as evidenced, for example, by Bord Bia’s ‘Origin Green’ initiative. However, contemporary demand for rural housing poses a challenge to the maintenance of these landscapes. The one-off rural house, rather than large scale developments, poses the most significant challenge to traditional landscapes. National policy makers have attempted to engage with this issue with limited success. There is a tacit acceptance of the social, economic and cultural significance of rural housing, particularly farm households that are the primary controllers of landuse in rural areas. Within the constraints of the topography of the farm, they have played a key role in the development of both traditional and contemporary farmscapes. This is most evident in areas dominated by smaller farms. Strategies involving allocation or sale of land for residential development are of particular interest given that they simultaneously facilitate continuation of the family farm as a social entity as well as precipitating local change through expansion of non-rural settlement patterns. Insight into the processes of change in small farm structures and communities in recent decades is critical in explaining and understanding the evolution of local settlement patterns up to the present. This paper seeks to elucidate both changes and continuities in three counties in Ireland: Monaghan, Mayo and Meath.
Changing Gender Roles in Irish Farm Households: Continuity and Change
Authors: Shortall Sally
Published: October 2023

Focusing on gender roles in farm households during the period 1987-2012, this paper draws on four discrete qualitative studies to identify and chart selected continuities and changes shaping contemporary farm households. In Ireland, there are roughly 140,000 farm enterprises with the vast majority managed and operated by farm households. As a social unit, the farm household has been subjected to substantial change over time. Whilst some of these changes represent distinct breaks from the past, others are continuations of trends that have been at work within farm households over decades. These developments have impacted on the micro-interactions within the family, resulting in significant structural changes in broad social relations and, to a lesser extent, impacted on gender roles in farm households. The paper explores these developments by focusing on four aspects of gender relations that reflect continuity and change: women’s employment on and off the farm; how farming institutions have viewed and interacted with men and women over time; inheritance, the transfer of property and the question of divorce; and gender identities within the family farm. The paper establishes that, whilst there were substantial changes in gender roles within the farm family, we conclude that these are not reflective of the dramatic change in broader social relations. This, in part, reflects the co-option of women’s identities in order that the work identity of the male farmer, as the decision-maker and the person in charge, be maintained.
Temporal variability in winter wave conditions and storminess in the northwest of Ireland
Authors: Loureiro Carlos , Cooper Andrew
Published: October 2023

Winter storms have significant morphological impacts in coastal areas, often leading to extensive infrastructure damage and socio-economic disruption. While storm-dominated coastal environments, such as the northwest coast of Ireland, are generally attuned to highly energetic wave conditions, morphological impacts can be intensified by changes in the frequency and sequencing of storm events, particularly during storm-groups or exceptional winter seasons. Aiming to assess the variability in frequency and sequencing of wintertime wave conditions and storms in the northwest of Ireland, we combine observational records (M4 buoy) with data from two independent wave reanalyses (ERA-Interim and WAVEWATCH III) and perform a statistical analysis of wave conditions over the past six decades. Both reanalyses represent observed wave heights with very good skill. Excellent agreement between modelled data and observations was identified up to the 99th percentile, despite a slight underestimation/overestimation by ERA-Interim/WAVEWATCH III for waves above the 90% exceedance level. The winter of 2014/15 was the most energetic on record (67 years), but not the stormiest. The results show that highly energetic and stormy winters occur in clusters during positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Significant positive temporal trends for winter wave height, number of storms per winter and average winter storm wave height, suggest that winters are becoming more energetic and stormier, with potential implications for the erosion and recovery of coastal systems in the northwest of Ireland.
Introduction to Special Issue: Creating Spaces for Cooperation: Crossing Borders and Boundaries before and after Brexit
Authors: Walsh Cormac , Rafferty Gavan
Published: October 2023

No abstract but Introduction which starts with...Brexit is undoubtedly a geographical question and one with profound implications for the UK, Ireland, Europe and, perhaps most critically, North-South relations on the island of Ireland. The prospect of a hard border places at risk the goodwill and ease of access that have provided the basis for cross-border cooperation over the last two decades (Hayward, 2017). In the period since the 1998 Good Friday Agreement (GFA), the island of Ireland has slowly emerged as a coherent functional space with extensive effort gone into the development of shared cross-border spaces for cooperation at community, local authority, regional and inter-jurisdictional levels (Coakley and O’Dowd, 2007; Walsh, 2015; Rafferty and Blair, this issue). Prevalent zero-sum mentalities of competing territorial claims and mutually exclusive socio-spatial imaginaries have slowly given way to new spatial logics, focussed on the island of Ireland and/or cross-border region as a functional space (O’Dowd and McCall, 2008, 86; McCall, 2011).
Incorporating host-parasite biotic factors in species distribution models: Modelling the distribution of the castor bean tick, Ixodes ricinus
Authors: McDonough Sinead , Holloway Paul
Published: October 2023

Understanding where ticks are found, and the drivers of their geographic distributions is imperative for successful epidemiological precautions. Predictive models of tick distributions are often projected using solely abiotic (e.g. climate) variables, despite the strong biotic interaction that host species undoubtedly have with parasitic species. We used species distribution modelling to project the distribution of Ixodes ricinus in Ireland and the United Kingdom using different combinations of abiotic, biotic, and abiotic-biotic variables. We found that models parameterised solely on abiotic variables generally reported lower accuracy and ecological realism than models that incorporated biotic factors alongside climate. We also investigated representation of host distribution in models, testing four different methods (habitat suitability of individual hosts, presence-absence of individual hosts, ensembled habitat suitability, and ensembled presence-absence). Biotic representations of ensembled host distributions alongside abiotic variables reported the highest accuracy, with the variable representing host diversity (e.g. number of host species) the most important variable when measured using a jackknife test. Moreover, our results suggested how host distributions are represented (i.e. presence-absence, habitat suitability) greatly impacted results, with differences reported among habitat specialists and generalists. Results suggest that it is now imperative for projections of parasitic species to include a representation of biotic factors with host species. This research has improved our understanding of the drivers of tick distributions in a national context, and the investigation of biotic representation should foster discussion among researchers working in species distribution modelling and the wider biogeography discipline.
The Wild Atlantic Way: A Tourism Journey
Authors: Dunne Gerard , Sprince Enita , Griffin Kevin
Published: October 2023

The Wild Atlantic Way is possibly the most celebrated, high profile tourism initiative to be launched in Ireland in recent years. It consists of a defined touring route along the western seaboard, one of the most scenic, remote, and sensitive stretches of Irish landscape. This paper presents the principal findings from a survey of 341 tourism and hospitality product providers along the Wild Atlantic Way. The main aim of the research was to investigate the perceived impacts (economic, environmental, and socio-cultural) of this new tourism initiative on the local areas through which it passes. The results paint a generally positive picture of the effects of the route so far. However, a number of significant issues are of concern to many of the respondents; these include insufficient or inappropriate infrastructure, heightened traffic problems, increased pressure on local facilities and the perception of imbalance with regard to the dispersal of economic gain from the route. The importance of striking a balance between accessibility and sustainability is a key message which can be taken from the study.