bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS BASED EQUIPMENT SELECTION METHOD FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECT USING MATLAB TOOL
Authors: VALLI P. , JEYASEHAR C. ANTONY
Published: April 2022

Equipment selection is a key factor in modern construction industry. As it is a complex factor, current models offered by literatures fail to provide adequate solutions for major issues like systematic evaluation of soft factors and weighting of soft benefits in comparison with costs. This paper aims at making a comparative study between GA and AHP by utilising MATLAB as a tool. It is a convenient tool offering an orderly methodical thinking. It guides them in making consistent decisions and provides a facility for all necessary computation.
ANALYSIS OF LATERAL STIFFNESS FOR INFILLED FRAME WITH OPENING
Authors: KASNALE A.S. , JAMKAR SANJAY
Published: April 2022

Analytical study of infilled frame with opening is done using finite element method. Lateral stiffness of the frame without infill, with infill and with having opening has been investigated. The effect of opening area against lateral stiffness of infilled frame has been worked out. The variation of aspect ratio, opening size with strut width reduction factor is derived. The effect of number of storey on lateral stiffness of structure is also included in the study.
DEGRADATION OF TOXIC 2-AMINOPYRIDINE HARMACEUTICAL COMPOUND FROM AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENTS USING ADVANCED FENTON AND PHOTO-FENTON OXIDATION PROCESSES
Authors: KARALE, RAHUL , MANU BASAVARAJU , SHRIHARI S.
Published: April 2022

Oxidation by Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) alone is not effective for degradation of heterocyclic nitrogenous pharmaceutical compounds in water containing pyridine derivatives, because of low rates of reaction at reasonable H2O2 concentrations. Transition metal salts e.g. iron salts and UV-light can activate H2O2 to form hydroxyl radicals, which are strong oxidants . Pyridine derivatives like (2-AP) 2-aminopyridine can be toxic to certain life forms and are rated as priority pollutants by (USEPA) United States Environmental Protection Agency. In the present study degradation of 2-AP using Fenton’s reagent ( iron salt and hydrogen peroxide) in combination with UV light (Photo-Fenton) is used to maximise percent 2-AP and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal. Also effect of pH, H2O2 concentration and iron concentration on 2-AP degradation efficiencies were investigated at different doses of 2-AP ranging from10-80mg/L using synthetic samples. At [H2O2]:[Fe2+ ] :: [30-47]:1 for Fenton process and [H2O2]:[ Fe2+]:: [27-40]:1 for Photo-Fenton process , maximum 2-AP and COD removal was obtained. 2-AP removal of 95.3% and 100% respectively for Fenton and Photo- Fenton was obtained at pH= 3 corresponding to 10 mg/L initial concentration. The degree of mineralisation achieved was 89% and 94% COD removal. Studies showed that Photo-Fenton treatments are effective in almost complete degradation of 2-AP and can be used to treat polluted water bodies containing pyridine derivatives.
The Psychological and Economic Effects Of The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: AYDIN Aykut
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to conduct an overview of the psychologic and economic effects of the Covid-19 pandemic. It was performed as a review of studies published between March 2019 and August 2021 and as a systematic examination of the data yielded by these. Twenty-nine Turkish and international studies on the subject were accessed, and eight publications meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. All publications were examined via systematization in terms of methods and results. This systematic examination revealed that the psychologic situations and economies of many countries have been adversely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, that the most important reason for this is restrictions experienced as a result of lockdowns, that the worst affected areas are the tourism, industry, and finance sectors, and that countries have endeavored to adopt their own precautionary measures. The adverse psychological and economic impacts of Covid-19 in almost all countries continue to represent a major problem. Significant scientific findings regarding the problem were yielded by systematizing studies on the subject. We think that these findings are important in terms of determining the scope of future studies and the requisite measures for resolving the problem.
PIPELINE SURVEILLANCE CONTRACTS AND THE EMERGING OIL-RELATED CONFLICTS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of Political & Administrative Studies,  Faculty of Social Sciences,  University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria., Sekibo Rowland , Nte Timothy ,   Department of Political & Administrative Studies,  Faculty of Social Sciences,  University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Published: April 2022

The award of pipeline surveillance contracts (PSCs) to ex-militant commanders has set the basis for a new wave of on-going conflicts in Rivers State. These lucrative PSCs constitute a new arena of ‘do or die’ struggles between and among ex-militant, cult, gang, vigilante groups, violence business people, community organizations, state actors and politicians. This article examined the effects of these PSCs by Transnational Oil Corporations and government agencies on recurring oil-related conflicts in Rivers State from 2009 – 2021. The Marxian political economy approach was employed to guide data collection and analysis. It relied on secondary data collected from libraries, national/international agencies and internet resources. The contents of the secondary data collected were analyzed to describe how the PSCs to ex-militant leaders have generated on-going armed struggles between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries over the control of oil pipelines in Rivers State. It was observed that the lack of local communities’ partnership in Nigeria’s oil industry necessitated the existence of PSCs to ex-militants as ‘payments for peace’ and to prevent oil sabotage and theft. However, instead of achieving this purpose, existing PSCs have ensued conflicts, pipeline vandalism and oil theft. It was accordingly recommended that, among others: local communities should be involved in pipeline surveillance – they should be given at least 45 % of the PSCs and 55% to professional competent firms. A standing ‘Community-Security Consultative Committee’ comprising all stakeholders should be set up to amicably address and resolve issues.
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION IN AFRICA THE ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES (ECOWAS)
Authors:   European Centre for Development Policy Management, Belgium, Bossuyt Jean
Published: April 2022

This study of ECOWAS tries to provide insights that explain the implementation gap, as these may help inform, calibrate and target reforms as well as support efforts that are technically desirable and politically feasible. To do so, the study focuses on the key drivers and constraints that shape the ECOWAS agenda and influence implementation by analysing two policy areas: peace and security and food security (focusing on the agricultural sector and agro-food industries and trade). The study uses a political economy framework to answer two core questions: how do key actors and factors affect and shape the agenda setting of ECOWAS? And how do these different actors and factors influence what gets implemented and why?
CIVIL SERVICE AS A CATALYST FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Authors:   Department of General Studies, DR. Yusufu Bala Usman College Daura,  Katsina State, Nigeria, Hassan Musbahu , Garba Lawal ,   Department of Political Science, Maryam Abacha American University of Niger,  Maradi. Niger Republic
Published: April 2022

The primary function of the civil service is formulation and implementation of governmental policies in line with the welfare of the citizens, sustainability of the state, regulating commercial operations, and providing social service. Civil service plays a crucial role in any country's economic development, particularly in Nigeria where the public sector is directly involved in national development. It serves as a pivot for design and execution sustainable economic development programmes. This necessitated the civil service to adopt more management methods, develop the necessary managerial abilities, and adopt a new strategy that includes project management in order to secure and ensure sustainability. This study explored the role of the civil service as a contributor to Nigeria’s sustainable economic development. The methodology adopted was a documentary review and contextual analysis of past and current literature on the impact of civil service on sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The inefficiency and incompetency of the Nigerian civil service are evident due to the poor execution of the national budgets and public policies geared towards economic development. Furthermore, the unpredictability of the Nigerian political and economic sector and the high cost of doing business which is undermining investors' confidence is another important negative effect on Nigerian civil service performance in promotion of sustainable economic development. Therefore, for the Nigerian civil service to contribute to sustainable economic development it must be made more appealing and supported, modern equipment and technologies should be introduced across all levels of the civil service, continuous professional development should be made mandatory in the civil service, and appointment and promotion in the civil service must be based on merit and qualifications.
THE RURAL ECONOMY: AN UNTAPPED SOURCE OF JOBS, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Director of the Sectoral Policies Department (SECTOR)  International Labour Organization (ILO) in Geneva, Leur Alette
Published: April 2022

Decent work in the rural economy will be key to fulfilling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals pledge to leave no one behind. In post-earthquake rural Nepal, the ILO is promoting investment and better infrastructure to increase opportunities for decent jobs so that young people will not be pushed to migrate to the cities and abroad. This job examines the untapped source of jobs, growth, and development in the rural economy.
Fluorescence and Optical Studies of Sodium Carbonate Boric Acid - ANLO Single Crystal
Authors: S. Bavya  , V. Vidhya  , Selvaraj G
Published: April 2022

The single crystals of sodium carbonate borate(SCB) were grown by evaporation technique. The crystallinity of SCB was determined using powder XRD. The optical characteristics of SCB are investigated using UV-Vis spectral measurements. At 650 nm, a significant red emission was found in the SCB fluorescence spectrum. Microhardness testing was used to determine the sample's mechanical strength.
Artificial Intelligence Assisted Brain Tumor Diagnosis
Authors: Priti Wagaralkar  , Om Bagwe  , Chaitanya Amle  , Dr. Rahul Khokale
Published: April 2022

As we know deep learning has been proven to be superior in detecting diseases which could significantly improve the accuracy and speed of the diagnosis. Our team will collect brain MRI scans and will approach to develop a model that could detect and localize tumors. Our project is going to set layered deep learning pipeline to perform classification and segmentation. In this process an input of image Brain MRI scan will be feeded into Resnet deep learning classifier model this model will give you two outputs one where the tumor is detected and other where it is not detected. If the tumor is detected it would be send to Resunet segmentation model where the detection of the tumor will be located on pixel level, and if the tumor is not detected the patient is healthy.
Impact of a virtual reality program on post-stroke upper limb function: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hegazy Rasha Meselhy , Alkhateeb Afnan Mohammed , Abdelmohsen Azza Mohammed
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Motor function after stroke may be facilitated by the application of task-oriented approach which provides both functional and neurological recovery than otherwise possible. Also, virtual reality training promotes the restoration of movements by immersing the patient in an entertaining trial of performance.

Methods

To compare between the effect of virtual reality training program and task-oriented training program on the paretic upper limb function post stroke. Twenty subacute stroke survivors participated in the study. Participants were randomly allocated into one of two equal groups of 10; experimental group (A) and control group (B). Experimental group (A) performed a virtual reality program and task-oriented program, while Control group (B) performed task-oriented program only. Assessment was done for all participants using upper limb function index and grip strength test before (pre testing) and after six weeks of intervention (post testing).

Results

Paired t-test revealed that Virtual reality training group (Experimental group A) had statistical significant increases in the post testing mean values (after six weeks of intervention) of both upper limb functional index and hand grip strength compared to the pre testing values (p < 0.05). Furthermore, independent t-test showed a statistical significant increases in their post testing mean values in the experimental group A compared to the control group B.

Conclusions

The virtual reality training has a vital role in improving upper limb function and augmenting hand grip strength post stroke. It can be considered more effective than task-oriented in such cases.
Prevalencia de malformaciones congénitas en la Unidad de Perinatología del Hospital Universitario de Caracas
Authors:   Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Castro González, Mariana , Villegas, Carlos , Márquez, Daniel , Milano Ana , Martínez. Bahilda
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of congenital malformations diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound in the “Dr. Freddy Guevara Zuloaga” Perinatology Unit of the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela, in the period between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The statistical records of the Unit were reviewed, with a population of 56,712 and 1844 patients were included in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Results: A general prevalence of 3.3% was obtained. The largest number of studies was conducted in 2016 (12,781). The highest prevalence of congenital malformations was 4.6%, in 2018. In order of frequency, the affected systems were: central nervous system, cardiovascular, genitourinary, gastrointestinal and abdominal wall. Less frequently, abnormalities of the face and neck, chest and lung, musculoskeletal system, and tumors were diagnosed. The most frequent malformations were: pyelic dilation (152 / 8.2%), ventriculomegaly (143 / 7.6%), gastroschisis (114 / 6.1%), Arnold Chiari type II (71 / 3.8%), acraniaexencephaly sequence (66 / 3.5%) and ventricular septal defect (64 / 3.4%). Conclusion: The frequency of congenital malformations diagnosed by ultrasound was 3.3%. The most frequently affected areas were the central nervous, cardiovascular and genitourinary systems.
Hidrotórax fetal secundario a secuestro pulmonar intralobar: terapia fetal mediante escleroterapia percutánea bajo guía ecográfica
Authors:   Hospital Universitario de Caracas, Márquez-Contreras, Daniel , Araujo-Vargas Kenny , León-Villavicencio Luisa , Pérez-Wulf Juan Andrés
Published: April 2022

Pulmonary sequestration is a mass of non-functioning lung tissue that does not communicate with the tracheobronchial tree and has an aberrant blood supply that comes from the systemic circulation. We present the case of a 34-year-old pregnant woman, with a pregnancy of 25 weeks, with an antenatal diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration with pleural effusion, mediastinal compression, cardiac dextroposition and polyhydramnios. Fetal intervention was performed using percutaneous sclerotherapy, successfully. After 4 weeks, there was evidence of absence of pleural effusion, heart in normal position. The pregnancy ended satisfactorily with a newborn in stable condition. Pulmonary sequestration can present a rapid evolution of mass growth, which produces mediastinal compression, fetal hydrops and polyhydramnios, which produces approximately 100% fetal mortality. It is important to know all available therapeutic options, including percutaneous sclerotherapy under ultrasound guidance, to improve fetal prognosis.
Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Girişlerinin İstihdam Üzerine Etkileri: G-20 Örneği
Authors: UĞUR Burak , ÇETİN Rahmi
Published: April 2022

YYabancı ülkelere yatırım yapmanın ev sahibi ülke ekonomileri üzerinde makroekonomik düzeyde önemli etkileri olmasının yanı sıra istihdam üzerinde pozitif ya da negatif etkileri olabilmektedir. Doğrudan yatırımın ev sahibi ülkelerin istihdamı üzerindeki etkisi, yatırımın türü, yöneldiği sektör, ev sahibi ülkenin teknoloji seviyesi, beşeri sermayesi, rekabet gücü ve hükümet politikaları gibi pek çok faktöre bağlıdır. 2008 küresel krizinin ardından başlayan doğrudan yabancı yatırım ve istihdamdaki istikrarsızlıklar, günümüzde de devam etmektedir. Bu durumdan hareketle doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin istihdam üzerindeki uzun dönemli etkisinin tespit edilmesi oldukça önemli bir hale gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada, G-20 üyesi ülkeler için 1992-2019 yılları arasında doğrudan yabancı yatırım girişlerinin istihdam üzerindeki etkisi panel eşbütünleşme yöntemiyle tahmin edilmiştir. Çalışmada verisi bulunabilen 15 G-20 ülkesi kullanılmıştır. Analizler sonucu elde edilen bulgular, G-20 ülke grubunda doğrudan yatırım girişlerindeki %10’luk bir artışın istihdamı %0.07 azalttığını göstermiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, ülkelerin istihdamlarını yükseltebilmesi için doğrudan yabancı yatırımın önemli bir rolü olmadığını göstermektedir.
ANALYSIS OF EUPHEMISTIC STRATEGIES FREQEUNTLY USED IN ADVERTISING DISCOURSE
Authors: STEPANYAN SYUZANNA
Published: April 2022

In the creation of advertisements marketologists make use of various
linguistic devices and techniques, one of which, that is the euphemism, is the
focus of our study. Euphemism appears to be one of the most potent linguistic
tools that reinforces the persuasive power of the modern advertising
discourse. Complying with the rapidly changing societal standards,
movements and trends euphemisms help to shape the desired image of the
product. The consumers often do not even realize what game they are drawn
into, how skilfully they are tricked by marketologits. Meanwhile, this “game of
euphemisms” stimulates the growth of consumerism.
Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan di Desa Puuwonua
Authors: Syaputri Rezky
Published: April 2022

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan di Desa Puuwonua Kec. Konawe Kab. Konawe dan untuk mengetahui bagaimana partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan di Desa Puuwonua Kec. Konawe Kab. Konawe. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Informan penelitian ini berjumlah 11 (Sebelas) orang yang terdiri dari: kepala Desa, sekdes, ketua BPD, anggota BPD, kepala dusun, 2 (dua) orang Kapala RT, Ketua Kepemudaan, dan 3 (tiga) orang masyarakat. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data penelitian adalah wawancara, observasi, serta dokumentasi. Teknik yang digunakan dalam analisis data penelitian yaitu kualitatif dengan tahapan mereduksi data dan menyajikan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan partisipasi masyarakat di Desa Puuwonua Kec. Konawe Kab. Konawe yaitu di mana (1) partisipasi masyarakat berdasarkan pikiran masih sangat minim dalam proses Musrembang dan RPJMDes; (2) partisipasi masyarakat berdasarkan tenaga masih rendah kontribusi  dalam  memberikan   berupa   tenaga   dalam   kegiatan   gotong royong dan kerja bakti; (3) partisipasi masyarakat berdasarkan keahlian, masyarakat cenderung besifat apatis karena kurangnya pemahaman dan kesadaran;  (4)  partisipasi  masyarakat  berdasarkan  barang,   masyarakat sudah ikut berpartisipasi dengan meminjamkan alat atau perkakas namun kualitasnya kurang baik; dan (5) partisipasi masyarakat berdasarkan dana, masyarakat  belum  mampu  berpartisipasi  secara  langsung   dalam   bentuk uang    secara    tunai    namun    masyarakat    bisa    memberikan    makanan seadanya pembangunan yang berlangsung. Pembangunan di Desa Puuwonua Kec. Konawe Kab. Konawe yaitu di mana (1) pembangunan Desa berdasarkan pembangunan fisik, beberapa jenis pembangunan yang ada baik sarana dan prasarana yang dapat digunakan masyarakat setempat untuk kesejahteraannya; dan  (2) pembangunan Desa berdasarkan  pembangunan non fisik beberapa jenis pembangunan yang ada berupa penyuluhan yang dapat diikuti masyarakat setempat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan.
PATHOLOGIC TORTUOSITY OF CAROTID ARTERIES: BACKGROUND, ETIOLOGY, PREVALENCE, CLASSIFICATION (literature review)
Authors: Kaplan M. L.
Published: April 2022

The pathology of extracranial arteries plays a significant part in the structure of diseases causing cerebrovascular insufficiency. The article deals with the historical aspects of the treatment and study of carotid artery tortuosity. It describes the questions of etiology and assesses the role of different factors in development of the artery tortuosity. The problems of the study of the carotid artery tortuosity prevalence in population and symptomatic patients, terminology and classification aspects are also covered in this review.
DYNAMICS OF CERVICAL CANCER INCIDENCE RATE AND LEVELS OF AWARENESS ABOUT ITS PREVENTION AMONG DIFFERENT POPULATION GROUPS
Authors: Volchenko A. N.
Published: April 2022

Purpose. Determine the features of long-term dynamics of invasive and preinvasive cervical cancer (CC) in Gomel region over 1990-2010 and to determine the level of awareness about CC prevention in different population groups. Material and methods. Retrospective epidemiological analysis, method of questioning and statistical information processing were applied. The results. It was found out that there is positive tendency of manifestations of the CC epidemic process in Gomel region in comparison with the national indices whereas the long-term levels of the CC incidence and mortality rates in Gomel region were higher that average ones. The study revealed a low level of knowledge about CC and its prevention among different population groups. Conclusions. It was calculated that the introduction of the diagnosis of human papillomaviruses (HPV) by PCR in Gomel region since 2002 led to twice intense preinvasive CC detection and more frequent diagnosis of invasive CC stage I than in Belarus in general. The study shows the limiting role of the low awareness of CC in the implementation of preventive measures.
Effect of Water on Flow Fluctuation in River Flow
Authors: Yendri Okma
Published: April 2022

River water fluctuations affect the amount of inundation that occurs. The study aims to obtain a cross-section of the river channel to drain runoff water so that the runoff due to maximum rainfall does not cause puddles. The Ketupak river flow cannot drain flow during the rainy season. Besides that, there is also a lot of sediment, garbage, stems and branches that interfere with the Ketupak river flow. Therefore, it is necessary to rearrange the river channel. From the results of calculations based on rainfall data, it is necessary to increase the cross-sectional area of the river.
COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Company Activities in Romania
Authors: DUMITRESCU Corina - Ionela , Răzvan Natalia MANEA, , MARINESCU Marian , Răzvan Nicoleta NICULESCU , DOBRESCU Mihai , Adriana PUIU Roxana
Published: April 2022

This paper aims at analyzing the way of action of the Romanian entrepreneurs in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic, their reactions and ways of adapting to the current market. The research is a qualitative one conducted on a group of 10 entrepreneurs.
Atmospheric boundary layer height from ground-based remote sensing: a review of capabilities and limitations
Authors: Kotthaus Simone , Bravo-Aranda Juan Antonio , Collaud Coen Martine , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis , Costa Maria João , Cimini Domenico , O’Connor Ewan J. , Hervo Maxime , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Jiménez-Portaz María , Mona Lucia , Ruffieux Dominique , Illingworth Anthony , Haeffelin Martial
Published: April 2022

Abstract. The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) height defines the volume of air within which heat, moisture and pollutants released at the Earth’s surface are rapidly diluted. Despite the importance for air quality interpretation, numerical weather prediction, greenhouse gas assessment and renewable energy applications, amongst others, quantitative knowledge on the temporal and spatial variation in ABL height is still scarce. With continuous profiling of the entire ABL vertical extent at high temporal and vertical resolution now increasingly possible due to recent advances in ground-based remote sensing measurement technology and algorithm development, there are also dense measurement networks emerging across Europe and other parts of the world. To effectively monitor the spatial and temporal evolution of the ABL continuously at continent-scale, harmonised operations and data processing are key. Autonomous ground-based remote sensing instruments, such as microwave radiometers, radar wind profilers, Doppler wind lidars or automatic lidars and ceilometers, each offer different capabilities. The overarching objective of this review is to emphasize how these instruments are best exploited with informed network design, algorithm implementation, and data interpretation. A summary of the capability and limitations of each instrument type is provided together with a review of the vast number of retrieval methods developed for ABL height detection from different atmospheric quantities (temperature, humidity, wind, turbulence, aerosol). It is outlined how the diurnal evolution of the ABL can be monitored effectively with a combination of methods, highlighting where instrument or methodological synergy promise to be particularly valuable. To demonstrate the vast potential of increased ABL monitoring efforts, long-term observational studies are reviewed summarising our current understanding of ABL height variations. The review emphasizes that harmonised data acquisition and careful data processing are key to obtaining high-quality products, which are essential to capture the spatial and temporal complexity of the lowest part of the atmosphere in which we live and breathe.
Meteor Radar vertical wind observation biases and mathematical debiasing strategies including a 3DVAR+DIV algorithm
Authors: Stober Gunter , Liu Alan , Kozlovsky Alexander , Qiao Zishun , Kuchar Ales , Jacobi Christoph , Meek Chris , Janches Diego , Liu Guiping , Tsutsumi Masaki , Gulbrandsen Njal , Nozawa Satonori , Lester Mark , Belova Evgenia , Kero Johan , Mitchell Nicholas
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Meteor radars have become a widely used instrument to study atmospheric dynamics, in particular in the 70 to 110 km altitude region. These systems have been proven to provide reliable and continuous measurements of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Recently, there have been many attempts to utilize specular/transverse scatter meteor measurements to estimate vertical winds and vertical wind variability. In this study we investigate potential biases in vertical wind estimation that are intrinsic to the meteor radar observation geometry and scattering mechanism, and introduce a mathematical debiasing process to mitigate them. This process makes use of a spatio-temporal Laplace filter which is based on a generalized Tikhonov regularization. Vertical winds obtained from this retrieval algorithm are compared to UA-ICON model data. This comparison reveals a good agreement in the statistical moments of the vertical velocity distributions. Furthermore, we present the first observational indications of a forward scatter wind bias. It appears to be caused by the scattering center's apparent motion along the meteor trajectory when the meteoric plasma column is drifted by the wind. The hypothesis is tested by a radiant mapping of two meteor showers. Finally, we introduce a new retrieval algorithm providing a physically and mathematically sound solution to derive vertical winds and wind variability from multistatic meteor radar networks such as the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster and the Chilean Observation Network De meteOr Radars (CONDOR). The new retrieval is called 3DVAR+DIV and includes additional diagnostic such as the horizontal divergence and relative vorticity to ensure a physically consistent solution for all 3D winds in spatially resolved domains. Based on this new algorithm we obtained vertical velocities in the range of w = ±1–2 m/s for most of the analyzed data during two years of collected data, which is consistent to the values reported from GCMs for this time scale and spatial resolution.
PROBLEMS OF BUILDING A SYSTEM OF PUNISHMENT IN THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Sarpekov Ramazan Kumarbekovich , Rakhmetov Sattar Mukanovich
Published: April 2022

Crime has a significant impact on the tranquility in society, on the quality of human life. Therefore, the State takes the necessary measures to counteract criminal offenses and combat crime. One of the important tools in this fight is punishment. In order for the application of punishment to be effective, it is necessary to apply it correctly. Unfortunately, the process of applying punishment is often accompanied by violations of the law and its principles, which negatively affects the effectiveness of the application of punishment. There are a number of reasons that do not allow increasing the effectiveness of punishment. One of them is the imperfection of legislation, including criminal legislation, the norms of which regulate issues related to punishment. It is known that the use of preventive measures has priority over other measures to counter criminal offenses (Article 4 of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 29, 2010 «On the prevention of offenses»). According to Part 2 of Article 39 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Code), the purpose of punishment is to prevent the commission of new criminal offenses by both convicted persons and other persons. Therefore, punishment is one of the important measures for the prevention of criminal offenses, generally playing an important role in countering criminal offenses. When imposing punishment, the court should be guided by the norms of the Criminal Code, which regulate the system and types of punishments, principles and basic rules of sentencing. The article analyzes the existing system of punishments, in which there are shortcomings. The ways of eliminating these shortcomings are indicated, while amendments and additions are proposed to the wording of a number of norms of the Criminal Code.
EFFECT OF GENTABIFERON-B ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF KIDNEYS IN SUBACUTE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Gritsyuk V.A. , Vostroilova G.A. , Khokhlova N.A. , Kartashov S.S.
Published: April 2022

The article presents data on the study of the effect of gentabiferon-B on the functional status of kidneys in white rat males with prolonged administration of the drug for 21 days. It was found that the administration of gentabiferon-B at doses of 1/50 and 1/20 LD50 did not have a significant effect on renal function in terms of spontaneous and induced diuresis, urea and creatinine concentrations, and no significant changes were revealed by pathomorphological examination. In rats, after a course of gentabiferon-B administration at a dose of 1/10 LD50, according to the above mentioned indicators, there were registered significant changes relative to the control group. However, all of them were reversible, which was confirmed by the results of studies 10 days after the drug withdrawal.
ANTAGONISTIC PROPERTIES OF THE METABIOTIC ″BIOTHERM″
Authors: Verbitsky A.A. , Veleva E.R. , Darovskikh S.V.
Published: April 2022

Determination of the antagonistic properties of metabiotics is one of the significant parameters for preparations of such category. The article provides data on the biological activity of the substance Bioterm to microorganisms. The metabiotic has proven to have preventive and therapeutic efficacy, exhibiting an inhibitory effect on pathogenic and op-portunistic bacteria, as well as a stimulating effect on an indigenous microbiota, namely lactic acid bacteria.
INFLUENCE OF BREED ATTRIBUTE ON LENGTH OF BREEDING USE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SIRE BOAR
Authors: Khachankou A.A. , Tanana L.A. , Shamonina A.I. , Trukhouski P.G.
Published: April 2022

Based on the results of a five-year research (2016-2020) average length of breeding use for sire boars of the planned breeds in Belarus was established: Yorkshire – 27.8, Landrace – 28, Duroc – 19, Pietrain – 45.2 months. The average yield of semen doses per 1 boar per month for the Yorkshire breed is 140.6, Landrace – 159.6, Duroc – 119.9, Pietrain – 141.1, hybrids – 166.4 units.
Does Strength training improve quality of life and balance related confidence in older adults?
Authors: Haridass Sarulatha , M. Manikumar , Rajagopalan Vasanthan , R. Vijayaraghavan , Kumar Jeyaraman Ramesh
Published: April 2022

Background: Individual above the age of 60 years belong to the rapidly raising proportion in Indian population. Aging results in decline in the performance of daily activities that rely on the mobility and balance represent a solemn drip in the functional status leading to the risk of institutionalization. Adopting a regular physical activity and targeting the muscle weakness through resistance training would produce greater benefits in this population. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of progressive strength training on balance related confidence and health related quality of life. Study design – Quasi experimental study. Method: This study was conducted in elderly between 60 to 75 years from residential care homes. Nearly 23 participants received progressive strengthening exercises for 8 weeks. The effect of strength training on balance confidence and quality of life were analysed using activity specific balance confidence (ABC) scale and Euro quality of life questionnaire (EQL-5D-5L) respectively. Result: Progressive strength training showed significant improvements in quality of life and balance related self confidence measure in elderly with impaired balance. Conclusion: Engagement of older adults in strengthening activities involving major muscle groups are essential component in elderly rehabilitation to maintain and control the age related wane in physical activity.
In Silico Prediction of Metabolite in Petroselinum Crispum in Inhibiting Androgen Receptor as Treatment for Alopecia
Authors: Hasanuddin Silviana , Gozali Dolih , Arba Muhammad , Fitra Ramadhan Dwi Syah , Mustarichie Resmi
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Alopecia is a hair loss that occur continuously and may occur in men, women and children. The causes of alopecia, including the use of cosmetics, medication, stress, postpartum period, hormonal disorders, and scalp infection. The purpose of this research is to determine the compounds contained in Petroselinum crispum that have the potential as antialopecia agents by predicting ligand-receptor binding and binding modes, predicting ADME by using Lipinski's rule, and also comparing the effectiveness with native ligand and minoxidil. Methodology: The process starts with protein and ligand structure preparation, then docking using Autodock Vina. Afterward, analyzed and visualized of the ligands docking, and predicted the ADME according to lipinski's rules using SwissADME and toxicity using PASS predistion. Result: There were 24 compounds found in Petroselinum crispum. Molecular docking simulation showed that six compounds had better binding affinities than minoxidil. Based on the results of prediction of ADMET values using the Lipinski rule and PASS Prediction, compound that are thought to have good activity is (+)–Marmesin compared to minoxidil. Conclusion: (+)–Marmesin to have better interactions with the androgen receptor, but not better than native ligands. thus, (+)–Marmesin can be used as antialopecia agents alternative terapy.
Production of Naringinase by using Amla on Solid State Fermentation
Authors: Chatla Supriya , Garikapati Devalarao. , Rahaman Abdul , Obilineni Iswarya
Published: April 2022

Microbial enzymes are widely used in different pharmaceutical, textile and in leather industries, mainly because of vast availability of sources. They could be genetically modified and are considered as more economical in comparison to plant and animal enzymes. Production of microbial enzymes by application of fermentation involves microbial propagation like bacteria, mold and yeast to get useful product. There are two methods of fermentation used to produce microbial enzymes called submerged fermentation and solid-state fermentation. Submerged fermentation involves the production of enzymes by using microorganisms in a liquid state nutrient media. Solid-state fermentation is the cultivation of microorganisms in solid substrate. Nutrients containing carbon compounds are broken down by the microorganisms, which produce the enzymes either intracellular or extracellular. Industries that use enzymes generated by fermentation are the brewing, wine making, baking, cheese making, dairy, beverages, and cereals. In the present study Asperigillus Niger strain was used to produce the extra cellular naringinase enzyme in nutrient medium containing Amla as a solid substrate. Amla is the chief material for the production maximum Naringinase enzyme. The study also involved in the optimization of various physical parameters like temperature, PH, incubation period, mass of inoculum. The study concluded that pH -5.5, temperature of 28oc, incubation period of 96 hrs and 20% of inoculums for maximum naringinase production.
Phytochemical screening and Antioxidant activity of Cananga odorata extract
Authors: Khe Jiea Chew , Fuloria Shivkanya , Subrimanyan Vetriselvan , Sekar Mahendran , V. Sathasivam Kathiresan , Kayarohanam Saminathan , Seng Wu Yuan , Saiappala Raju Velaga Venkata Sathya , Kumar Janakiraman Ashok , Hasan Maziz Mohammad Nazmul , Kumar Fuloria Neeraj
Published: April 2022

Plants are the natural source for the antioxidants from plants source is boon for the investigators. Present study was aimed to study the antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson extract. Study involved preparation hydroalcoholic extract of Cananga odorata leaves (HECOL) using maceration method, followed by its phytochemical screening and antioxidant activity. The HECOL was subjected to determination of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay for determination of antioxidant activity. Maceration of C. odorata using hydroalcoholic solvent offered dark brown colored HECOL. Phytochemical screening of HECOL exhibited presence of carbohydrates, mucilage, fats and oils, volatile oils, anthraquinone glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phenolic compounds. For TPC the gallic acid equivalent of HECOL was found to be 0.507 mg GAE/g. Whereas for TFC, the rutin equivalent of HECOL was found to be 0.2224mg RE/g. The antioxidant activity of HECOL was estimated to be 120.44μg/ml (IC50). Based on the experimental results, present study concludes that HECOL possess the significant antioxidant potential. This study also recommends that antioxidant activity potential of C. odorata leaves should be further explored using different solvent extracts.
Distribution and Transmembrane transport as the basis of proper Pharmacodynamics of an Antithrombotic drug – An Indolinone derivative
Authors: Valer’evich Bykov Vladimir , Arina Vladimirovna Bykova , Klim Andreevich Leonov , Alexander Isaakovich Vengerovskii , Vasil’evich Udut Vladimir
Published: April 2022

The goal of the present study: assess the distribution and transmembrane transport of an antiaggregant drug GRS of indolinone series. The distribution of an indolinone derivative in organs, between blood plasma and blood cells was studied in Sprague Dawley rats. A Thermo Scientific Pierce dialysis system was used to study the binding to blood plasma proteins. A MultiScreen Caco-2 test system was used to study the transmembrane transfer of the indolinone derivative. Quantitative assay of GRS was performed by an HPLC/МS method. GRS was shown to pass into the liver, heart and kidneys, and doesn’t pass into the brain and skeletal muscle. The highest GRS accumulation occurs in the liver, the lowest in the kidneys. GRS has low plasma protein binding and its concentration is 1.6 times higher in blood cells than in blood plasma. GRS in 1 mcmol concentration has low cell membrane permeability from apical to basolateral membrane (A-B), increasing the concentration gradient by 10 times leads to a corresponding increase in transport efficiency. In the reverse direction (B-A) GRS permeability is 8.8 times higher, showing its participation in active transport. Pgp inhibitor cyclosporin A considerably decreases the transport efficiency of GRS in B-A direction.
Attitude of UNIMAS Pre-Clinical Medical Students towards Online Learning and the Challenges Faced by Them
Authors: Moe Nwe Tin , Ing Yien Mary Tang , bt Mahiden Izzah Qashrina , anak Jowel Timothy Imban , Bin Juma’adee Aamir Hamzah , Than Yee Khin , Kapitonova Marina , Lwin Soe , Swe Latt Swe
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The entire world is having a crisis on the attitudes and challenges faced by people in the e-learning areas. Online learning or e-learning carries the definition of having the education through an online basis. It is realized that online learning establishes various kinds of conceptions and barriers in achieving academic goals. Purpose: This study aims to assess the attitudes and challenges faced by the UNIMAS pre-clinical medical students concerning their academic achievements based on online medical education using e-learning systems. Methodology: In this study, the attitudes of students regarding the challenges faced by respondents and their experience during e-learning are measured. In the online survey conducted among pre-clinical medical students, the sample population was selected through convenience sampling technique taken from Year 1 and 2 medical students of UNIMAS, the data collected concerning their opinion about the experience during e-learning and the challenges faced by them. The sample data collected were statistically analysed using the T-test and Chi-Square test. Results: The results showed few significant correlations of some attitudes towards online learning and the challenges with regard to various socio-demographic factors. The results suggest that some socio-demographic factors affect the attitudes and challenges faced directly or indirectly. Most of the UNIMAS pre-clinical medical students showed a neutral attitude towards online learning while facing moderate challenges in this matter. There was no significant association between the majority variables of the socio-demographic with the respondents' attitudes except for the internet connectivity. Ethnicity and internet connectivity showed a true relationship with the challenges faced by the respondents during online learning. Conclusion: The study concludes no evidence of significant negativity among the students' attitudes with regard to their demographic background and internet connectivity. Although there were students who had faced difficulties with regard to online learning. The study suggests that online learning should have facilitated approaches in achieving total learning activities of students around the world, preparation of competent technical personnel, funding of facilitation, and collaboration between universities, specifically in developing countries.
General Standardization Trends and Prospects for Objective Evaluation of Organoleptic properties of Beer and Beer Beverages
Authors: Tretyak Lyudmila , Rebezov Maksim , Kenijz Nadezhda , Khayrullin Mars , Babaeva Maria , Zhukovskaya Svetlana , Ponomarev Evgeny , Goncharov Andrey , Gagauz Valentina
Published: April 2022

This article describes general trends and problems of standardization of alcohol products. It specifies the requirements for standardization of fermentation by-products (FPB) in comparison with strong alcoholic beverages. The work focuses on the lack of standards for the content of fermentation by-products in beer and beer beverages, limiting the development of methods for their quantitative determination. The necessity of objective estimation of organoleptic properties of beer and beer drinks on the basis of determination of the ratio of actual concentration of fermentation by-products with concentrations determining the "recognition threshold" of the main taste-defining substances of the component composition of the finished product has been justified. The results of approbation of standardized chromatographic methods of assessment of toxicity and authenticity of strong drinks in terms of determining the actual content of the main components of fermentation by-products in beer and beer beverages are presented. Perspectives of application of individual author's methods are outlined. The application of dose estimation of taste and aromatic bouquet of ready beverage on the basis of gas chromatographic method of analysis is substantiated.
Bilayer Floating Tablets: An Updated Review
Authors: George Neema , Pillai M. Krishna , Y. Haribabu
Published: April 2022

Various technologies for developing the rate controlled oral drug delivery system were introduced to overcome various physiological problems and to increase the bioavailability of various drugs. Recently bilayer tablets were introduced to attain the combination of different drugs in a single dosage form to prevent incompatibilities, achieve more patient compliance and therapeutic efficiency. Bilayer tablets are the tablets, which consist of two layers in which one layer is designed for sustained release and another layer for immediate release. In bilayer-floating tablet the sustained release is obtained by floating mechanism in which the drug is being made gastro-buoyant by the release of carbondioxide from the ingredients incorporated in it. It is also adopted for improving drug solubility. This review is an attempt to illustrate the major concepts of bilayer-floating tablets.
Khảo sát chất lượng của cây Dã yên thảo (Petunia hydrida) qua các thế hệ cành giâm
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Đan Thi
Published: April 2022

Nghiên cứu này thực hiện với mục tiêu xác định số thế hệ cành giâm có thể sử dụng làm giống đảm bảo sự sinh trưởng phát triển và chất lượng tốt. Nghiên cứu được thực hiện kế thừa sau khi đã hoàn thành thí nghiệm về nồng độ NAA và số thế hệ cành giâm trong giâm cành cây Dã yên thảo, thí nghiệm này cho kết quả khi giâm cành Dã yên thảo với nồng độ NAA 1.500 ppm cho số lượng rễ (59,62 rễ) chiều dài rễ (6,84 cm), tỉ lệ ra rễ (75%) và tỉ lệ xuất vườn (74,1%) cao ở tất cả các thế hệ cành giâm. Thí nghiệm khảo sát chất lượng của cây Dã yên thảo qua các thế hệ cành giâm cho thấy chiều dài lá, chiều rộng lá, độ bền hoa của các thế hệ cành giâm là như nhau và không khác biệt so với cây trồng từ hạt. Số chồi/cây, số lá/cây, đường kính hoa và số hoa trên cây của cây đối chứng và cây của thế hệ 1 và 2 thì cao hơn so với cây trồng của thế hệ 3 và 4, đồng thời thời gian ra hoa của cây Dã yên thảo ở thế hệ 4 sớm hơn so với các thế hệ còn lại. Kết quả thí nghiệm là có thể sử dụng cành giâm cây Dã yên thảo thế hệ 1 và thế hệ 2 làm cây giống cho sản xuất mà vẫn đảm bảo về chất lượng cây và chất lượng hoa Dã yên thảo khi đem trồng.