bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stratigraphic framework for Pliocene paleoclimate reconstruction: The correlation conundrum
Authors: Dowsett Harry J. , Robinson Marci M.
Published: December 2023

Pre-Holocene paleoclimate reconstructions face a correlation conundrum because complications inherent in the stratigraphic record impede the development of synchronous reconstruction. The Pliocene Research, Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) paleoenvironmental reconstructions have carefully balanced temporal resolution and paleoclimate proxy data to achieve a useful and reliable product and are the most comprehensive pre-Pleistocene data sets available for analysis of warmer-than-present climate and for climate modeling experiments. This paper documents the stratigraphic framework for the mid-Pliocene sea surface temperature (SST) reconstruction of the North Atlantic and explores the relationship between stratigraphic/temporal resolution and various paleoceanographic estimates of SST. The magnetobiostratigraphic framework for the PRISM North Atlantic region is constructed from planktic foraminifer, calcareous nannofossil and paleomagnetic reversal events recorded in deep-sea cores and calibrated to age. Planktic foraminifer census data from multiple samples within the mid-Pliocene yield multiple SST estimates for each site. Extracting a single SST value at each site from multiple estimates, given the limitations of the material and stratigraphic resolution, is problematic but necessary for climate model experiments. The PRISM reconstruction, unprecedented in its integration of many different types of data at a focused stratigraphic interval, utilizes a time slab approach and is based on warm peak average temperatures. A greater understanding of the dynamics of the climate system and significant advances in models now mandate more precise, globally distributed yet temporally synchronous SST estimates than are available through averaging techniques. Regardless of the precision used to correlate between sequences within the mid-Pliocene, a truly synoptic reconstruction in the temporal sense is unlikely. SST estimates from multiple proxies promise to further refine paleoclimate reconstructions but must consider the complications associated with each method, what each proxy actually records, and how these different proxies compare in time-averaged samples.
Stratigraphy, paleoenvironment and paleogeography of Maritime Lebanon: a key to Eastern Mediterranean Cenozoic history
Authors: BouDagher-Fadel Marcelle K. , Clark Germaine Noujaim
Published: December 2023

The present biostratigraphic study of Palaeogene and Neogene carbonates focuses on the chronological evolution and paleoenvironment of the Eocene toMiocene stages and their facies before and during the episodic emersion ofMount Lebanon. Biozones based upon the presence of planktonic foraminifera, larger benthic foraminifera and calcareous algae in the Tertiary carbonates date for the first time major Cretaceous/Tertiary unconformities as well as lesser Neogene unconformities. Presently dated allochtonous carbonate detritals in younger host sediments provide a time line to earlier phases of interpreted emersions and/ or uplifts preceding the structural differentiation of Lebanon into a transpressive system, a restrained bend and a major transcurrent fault. For the first time, two shorelines are recognised and dated; a Palaeogene shoreline of Lutetian/Bartonian marine conglomerates and beach sands from Beirut to Jabal Terbol and a Neogene (Late Burdigalian) shoreline confined to south maritime Lebanon through Sidon and Tyre. Likewise, this study records the coincidence of a Quaternary beach rock above an older Tortonian/Messinian shoreline NE of Tyre. Biostratigraphic and sedimentary review of the EasternMediterranean Neogene confirms a Lebanon maritime differentiation from the neighbouring locations of coastal Israel in the south, South Eastern Cyprus, South Western Turkey and North Western Syria. It also links rhodalgal Langhian and Serravallian bank accretion to upwellings of cooler, nutrient rich waters and notes a slower rate of Tortonian and selective Messinian bank growth as warmer seas prevailed and affected the change in benthos and microfaunal communities.
The Sparnacian deposits of the Paris Basin: d13C isotope stratigraphy
Authors: Thiry Médard , Aubry Marie-Pierre , Dupuis Christian , Sinha Ashish , Berggren William A.
Published: December 2023

Carbon isotopic studies conducted on the upper Paleocene (Thanetian) and lower Eocene (“Sparnacian"—Ypresian) of the Paris Basin allow us to place the lithostratigraphic succession of the Mont Bernon Group in a spatial and temporal framework. The d13C (negative) carbon isotope excursion (CIE) associated with the Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) in marine sections at the NP9a/b calcareous nannoplankton zonal boundary and also in terrestrial stratigraphies, occurs in the Mortemer Formation, below the Vaugirard Formation. Moreover, a characteristic isotopic signature with stratigraphically successive negative and positive peaks permits a refinement in correlation betweeen the diverse members of the Mont Bernon Group. The strongly positive values (in upper Zone NP9) are found in the Meudon Member (Conglomerat de Meudon). These results imply that: (1) the Meudon Member constitutes the base of the Vaugirard Formation, but not the base of the Sparnacian “Stage"; (2) the mammal fauna of the Meudon Member (=late Biochron NP9) is somewhat younger than that of the basal Wasatchian North American Land Mammal Age (NALMA; which is stratigraphically correlative with, or even slightly older than, mid-Biochron NP9); (3) the base of the Sparnacian “Stage" of the Paris Basin is slightly older than the base of the Wasatchian NALMA and only marginally younger than the Chron C24r/C25n boundary. Moreover, the carbon isotopic signature suggests correlation of the Reading 1 beds/facies of the London Basin with the Mortemer Formation and Reading 2 beds with the lower part of the Vaugirard Formation of the Paris Basin. With the recognition that the Sparnacian is confined to the ca. 0.85 m.y.-long stratigraphic interval between the CIE at its base and the FAD of Tribrachiatus digitalis at the base of the Ypresian, and that it is inappropriate to lower the base of the Ypresian Stage by about 1m.y., we recommend (re)insertion of the Sparnacian Stage as the basal stage of the Eocene Series.
Illusory stratigraphy decoded by Oligocene-Miocene autochthonous and allochthonous foraminifera in the Terra Member, Pakhna Formation (Cyprus)
Authors: BouDagher-Fadel Marcelle , Lord Alan
Published: December 2023

The age, stratigraphical context and depositional history of the Lower Miocene Terra Member of the Pakhna Formation of Cyprus remain problematic. A sedimentary boundary between a pelagic chalk of Late Oligocene age (age-equivalent to the upper Lefkara Formation of Cyprus) and an overlying shallow water larger foraminiferal carbonate of Early Miocene age (Terra Member) has been analysed as representative of a stacked sequence of fining-upwards carbonate cycles in western Cyprus. Discrimination of autochthonous and allochthonous components of the foraminiferal assemblages demonstrates that the pelagic chalks were repeatedly reworked into the shallowwater environment populated by the larger foraminifera. The significance of this finding for the Cenozoic development of Cyprus is reviewed.
Mammal Ages
Authors: Woodburne Michael O.
Published: December 2023

The developmental history of North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs), their integration with radioisotopic and magnetic polarity dating systems, and relationships to stratigraphic codes and guides are briefly reviewed. Augmented by examples, the need for NALMAs to be supplied with detailed biostratigraphic information is stressed. NALMAs make powerful contributions to the discussion of geohistorical events at intra- and intercontinental scales.
Tectonic accommodation and alluvial sequence stratigraphy of a Paleoproterozoic continental rift, Baker Lake Basin, Canada
Authors: Hadlari Thomas , Rainbird Robert H.
Published: December 2023

A model, based upon pre-existing formulations, is presented here for alluvial sequence stratigraphy and applied to the non-marine, Paleoproterozoic Baker Lake Basin. Discharge and sediment supply are considered boundary conditions, subject to feedback effects. Primary control on alluvial facies changes is attributed to the gradient of the alluvial plain. This gradient is determined by the “graded profile", a topographic profile defined by a graded stream linking a sediment source region to a subaqueous basin. It is argued that coupled source uplift and basin subsidence provide feedback on sediment supply, grade, and flux that reinforce expected facies changes, in part providing justification of initial assumptions. The model provides a rationale for a generally upward-fining alluvial sequence that is coeval with a general upward-fining to –coarsening nearshore sequence, bridging the theoretical gap between subaerial and subaqueous sequences. It also provides an interpretation of basin-scale stratigraphy based on the tectonic evolution of sedimentary basins, in keeping with the models for how they form. Third-order depositional sequences of tectonic origin from the Baker Lake Basin are subdivided into high accommodation alluvial, low accommodation alluvial, and mixed fluvial-shallow-lacustrine sequences. The succession of 3rd order sequences illustrates basin evolution from rift initiation, rift climax accompanied by widespread volcanism, to immediate post-rift that comprises the 2nd order Baker Sequence, representing a stage of intracontinental rifting from ca. 1.84-1.79 Ga.
Foraminiferal proxies of dissolved oxygen and their changes across the Miocene/Pliocene boundary in the Japan Sea
Authors: Hanagata Satoshi
Published: December 2023

This study discusses paleoceanographic changes in the Japan Sea across the Miocene/Pliocene boundary based on foraminiferal distributions and geochemical evidence obtained in the Akita Prefecture of northern Japan.Q-mode cluster analysis differentiates six foraminiferal associations from a total of 55 assemblages. Their paleoceanographic implications are based on previous studies on the ecology of benthic foraminifers Spirosigmoilinella compressa and Miliammina echigoensis, microhabitat preferences of constituent species inferred from morphotypes, and other ecologic information of extant species. The stratigraphic distribution of each association reveals a history of oxygen depletion in the bottomwaters of the Japan Sea during the Late Miocene, followed by the oxic bottomwaterwith conditions of higher organic matter flux in the Early Pliocene. This interpretation is reinforced by the geochemical data of organic facies such as total organic carbon and hydrogen index fromRock-Eval analysis. It is inferred that this paleoceanographic change was a result of the rise in the eustatic sea level during the earliest Pliocene. Throughout the stratigraphic interval organic matter flux, related to primary productivity, is inferred to be higher in the northern sections than in the southern sections. This geographic variation is in agreementwith previous studies on other Japan Sea regions, and suggests that eutrophic conditions were prevalent in the northern region, where the Tsugaru Strait links the Japan Sea with the Pacific Ocean. The organic matter fluxes and oxygen depletion controlled by eustatic sea level variation are closely related to the source rock deposition of the oil and gas fields in the Japan Sea region.
Post-middle Miocene origin of modern landforms in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia
Authors: Weems Robert E. , Edwards Lucy E.
Published: December 2023

Diverse late middle Miocene dinoflagellate floras, obtained from two sites along the western edge of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in central Virginia, indicate that the eastern Virginia Piedmont was covered by marine waters about 12-13 Ma. This transgression extended farther westward across the Virginia Piedmont than any other transgression that has been documented. Extensive fluvial deposits that may be associated with this transgression covered earlier stream patterns in the eastern Piedmont and buried them beneath a thin (probably less than 100 foot-thick) veneer of sand and gravel. During the subsequent regression, a linear down-slope stream-drainage pattern developed. Although it has been somewhat modified by later stream captures, it still is easily recognizable. This interval ofmarine inundation and deposition explains why modern stream patterns in the eastern Piedmont of Virginia strongly resemble the stream patterns in the Coastal Plain and differ from the structurally adjusted trellis stream patterns typical of thewestern Piedmont, Blue Ridge, and Valley and Ridge regions. Uplift of the modern Southern Appalachian Mountains began at the time of this transgression and was largely completed by the late Pliocene.
Early-Cenomanian terrestrial facies and paleoclimate records of the Lower Tuscaloosa Formation, southwestern Mississippi
Authors: Ufnar David
Published: December 2023

Sphaerosiderite oxygen isotope values from the Early Cenomanian Lower Tuscaloosa Formation, or LTF, extend a mid-Cretaceous meteoric 18O latitudinal gradient 9° south to 25° N paleolatitude, and contribute to a better understanding of the hydrologic cycle in North America during a “greenhouse" period in Earth history. Sphaerosiderites have been used to reconstruct paleolatitudinal trends in meteoric 18O values throughout western North America, and the 18O values have been used in a stable isotope mass balance model to produce quantitative estimates of mid-Cretaceous precipitation rates and latent heat flux values. The LTF meteoric 18O values help constrain the critical subtropical values on the coastal plain bordering Tethys and the southeastern coast of the Western Interior Seaway. The LTF, an important subsurface petroleum unit (2800-4000 m depths) in southern Mississippi, contains amalgamated pedogenicallymodified, sphaerosiderite-bearing mudstones and sandstones. Cored intervals of the Early-Cenomanian Stringer Sandstone Member of the Lower Tuscaloosa Formation (LTF) of Southwestern Misississippi are characterized by 6 lithofacies units. The descriptive lithofacies units include: (1) thickly-bedded sandstones; (2) thinly bedded sandstones; (3) carbonaceous mudstones and siltstones; (4) red-mottled mudstones; (5) purple and yellow mottled mudstones; and (6) flaser and lenticular bedded carbonaceous muddy sandstones. The sphaerosiderites are most commonly observed in gleyed domains of the red-mottled mudstones. These mudstones were clays, and silty clay loam soils, and are characterized by prominent red mottles in a gleyed matrix with an abundance of translocated clays, pedogenic slickensides, carbonaceous debris, and root traces. The sphaerosiderites yield 18O vs. 18C values, meteoric sphaerosiderite lines (MSLs), that may be used as a proxy for paleoprecipitation 18O values. TheMSL (18O) values range from -3.31 to -5.22 (VPDB). Estimated meteoric water values for the LTF have an average value of -4.69 VSMOW.
Sedimentary cycles and stratigraphy
Authors: Schwarzacher Walther
Published: December 2023

Sedimentary cycles are repeated sequences in a stratigraphic section. This paper uses "stratigraphic cycles" to describe observed sequences of sediments in sections and "process cycle" to describe processes that generated the cycles. Repetition of cycles is never completely identical and statistical methods of time series analysis are used to describe cyclicity. The study of process cycles requires the knowledge of a time scale and therefore relies heavily on the interpretation of the sedimentary record.
A history of chronostratigraphy
Authors: Vai Gian Battista
Published: December 2023

Chronostratigraphy has a “prehistory" beginning with Leonardo’s and Steno’s twofold relative geologic time division. It developed further with Marsili’s (1728), Lehmann’s (1756), Arduino’s (1759-60) and Werner’s (1787) threefold, fourfold, and fivefold divisions respectively. Meanwhile, the initial steps were being taken in understanding Earth’s chronometry. Geological mapping exponentially increased the number of lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic units and forced the need for a common language and practice by international agreement. That objective became feasible with the establishment of the International Geological Congress (IGC), and the bipolar or dual classification of chronostratigraphic and chronologic units was formally established during the 2nd IGC in Bologna in 1881. Chronostratigraphic classification has displayed a remarkable nomenclatural stability, notwithstanding continuously changing criteria of use, correlation, improvement, and redefinition of the standard chronostratigraphic units. The development of chronostratigraphy was by scientific research and the necessary stability was through the IGC, as it appears from this review of the main chronostratigraphic resolutions and recommendations adopted by the IGC sessions from Bologna in 1881 to Sydney in 1976. An hierarchical classification and an historical approach underpin the evolution of chronostratigraphic classification. Five stages of evolution are outlined. Their succession illustrates changing paradigms, ongoing improvement by new tools of correlation, and the stability of names defined and used in a permanent common language. This flexibility should guide future developments in chronostratigraphy.
The new Russian Stratigraphic Code and some problems of stratigraphic classification
Authors: Gladenkov Yuri
Published: December 2023

A new version of Stratigraphic Code of Russia was published in 2006. The suggested approach to the stratigraphic classification somewhat differs from that of the International Stratigraphic Guide. Stratigraphic categories consist of primary (chronostratigraphic) and auxiliary (according to method applied). Primary units may be of global (stages and others), regional (regional stages, provincial zones), and local (suites) scale. The chronozone is considered to be a part of the stage and belongs to primary units. Debatable problems, particularly different opinions on a role of lithostratigraphy and on the GSSP concept are discussed.
Applications of quantitative biostratigraphy in chronostratigraphy and time scale construction
Authors: Pálfy József
Published: December 2023

Quantitative biostratigraphy finds useful applications in chronostratigraphy and time scale calibration. Fixing the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is made more objective if correlation potential of alternative boundary levels is compared using the Unitary Association (UA) method. The base of the Ladinian (Middle Triassic) GSSP is a case in which not the regionally most easily correlatable ammonoid datum was selected. Radio-isotopic dates are often obtained outside the province where the primary standard biozonation is established, introducing a correlation uncertainty into time scale calibration. In the Early Jurassic, an uncertainty of approximately one standard ammonoid substage is demonstrated using the UA method, if using a North American U-Pb date requires correlation with the northwest European zonation. The resolution of the time scale was significantly improved for the Ordovician and Silurian by employing constrained optimization to construct a global sequence of graptolite bioevents. Interpolation between the available U-Pb dates is possible by scaling using the assumption of near-constant sedimentation rate in pelagic facies. Future uses of quantitative biostratigraphy may include exploitation of large paleontologic databases (e.g. the Paleobiology Database) and contribution to the generation of dynamic, interactive geologic time scales.
Astronomical tuning as the basis for high resolution chronostratigraphy: the intricate history of the Messinian Salinity Crisis
Authors: Hilgen Frits , Kuiper Klaudia , Krijgsman Wout , Snel Eric , van der Laan Erwin
Published: December 2023

The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) in the Mediterranean resulted from a complex interplay between tectonic gateway closure and climate evolution. The climate factor, in turn, can be separated into two components, one associated with dominantly precession controlled regional climate change and the other with dominantly obliquity related glacial cyclicity. The influence of these climate changes occurred superimposed on a long(er)-term tectonic trend. Discrimination into the various forcing factors only recently came within reach due to the development of an integrated high-resolution stratigraphy and astronomically tuned age models, both for the Messinian (pre-)evaporite successions in the Mediterranean and for benthic oxygen isotope records from the open ocean. The application of these time scales in combination with a high-resolution integrated stratigraphic approach showed that 1) the onset of the MSC proper at 5.96 Ma is not related to glacio-eustatic sealevel lowering but its timing can best be attributed to the influence of the 400-kyr eccentricity cycle on regional climate superimposed on a tectonic trend, 2) the main desiccation phase between the Lower and Upper Evaporites coincides with the twin peak glacials TG12-14 suggesting a glacio-eustatic control, 3) the beginning of the Upper Evaporites and Lago Mare phase coincides with the onset of the major deglaciation following peak glacial TG 12, indicating that glacio-eustatic sealevel rise played a role, 4) the Pliocene flooding of the Mediterranean is not related to a glacioeustatic sealevel rise, and 5) the evaporite cycles are controlled by precession induced regional climate changes rather than by obliquity forced glacio-eustatic sealevel change. Our astronomical age model for the Mediterranean Messinian is consistent with 40Ar/39Ar ages of ash layers intercalated in Messinian successions in the Mediterranean. However, the intercalibration between astronomical and 40Ar/39Ar dating has to be taken into account for a direct comparison of these ages.
Cyclostratigraphy and the Astronomical Time Scale
Authors: Hinnov Linda A. , Ogg James G.
Published: December 2023

An important innovation in the International Geologic Time Scale 2004 is the use of astronomically forced stratigraphy, or cyclostratigraphy, to define geologic time over 0 to 23.03 Ma, much of it at an unprecedented resolution of 0.02 myr. In addition, ‘floating’ astronomical time scales with 0.10 to 0.40 myr resolution are defined for entire epochs and stages in the Paleogene and all three Mesozoic periods. Some of these calibrations use a new astronomical model with an hypothesized high accuracy over 0-250 Ma. These accomplishments have motivated the International Commission on Stratigraphy to complete a continuous Astronomical Time Scale (‘ATS’) for the past 250 Ma, and to initiate a coordinated prospecting for astronomical-like signals in Paleozoic cyclostratigraphy. Astronomically calibrated geologic time with a 0.02 to 0.40 myr resolution is a major breakthrough for the geosciences. Chronostratigraphy between widely spaced horizons dated with high-precision radioisotope geochronology suffers total loss in precision and accuracy; a continuous ATS between horizons can restore this hard-won precision and accuracy. Consequently, estimates of rates and magnitudes for a wide range of Earth system processes that can be examined only in the context of Earth history, e.g., paleoclimatology, geochronology, geodynamics, structural geology, geochemical cycles and biotic evolution, will be improved up to an order of magnitude over what is possible today.
Eocene-Pliocene planktonic foraminifera biostratigraphy from the continental margin of the southwest Caribbean
Authors: Rincon Daniel , Arenas Jose , Cuartas Carlos H. , Cardenas Andres L. , Molinares Carlos E. , Caicedo Claudia , Jaramillo Carlos
Published: December 2023

Biostratigraphy in northern Colombia has traditionally been done using foraminifera. Quantitative biostratigraphic techniques could improve the zonations that have been proposed for the region. We analyze the biostratigraphic information from 190 planktonic foraminifera species, and 1961 ditch-cutting samples from 26 oil wells in northern Colombia to produce a zonation for the region. A quantitative biostratigraphic technique known as Constrained Optimization was used to analyze the data. The proposed zonation relies exclusively on last occurrences, which are readily applied to petroleum exploration. It has thirteen zones and eight subzones for the Eocene to Pliocene interval. Three zones and two subzones are defined for the Eocene, three zones for the Oligocene, six zones and six subzones for the Miocene, and one zone for the Pliocene. The zonation reveals three major unconformities: (1) a late Eocene - early Oligocene hiatus; (2) a late Oligocene - early Miocene hiatus; and (3) a late Miocene hiatus; the hiatuses are related to the collision of the Caribbean with the South American plate.
Brief Review of the Role of Polymers in Different Lithium-Ion Conducting Electrolytes for LIBs
Authors: Guzman Gonzalez Gregorio
Published: December 2023

Polymers have played a vital role in developing next-generation energy storage devices. In the progress of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), polymers have been widely used in the preparation of electrolytes and electrode binders, in both cases, due to their unique intrinsic properties, such as high thermal, mechanical, and electrochemical resistance. However, the main limitation of this type of material is its poor ionic conductivity at room temperature, which depends on its structural properties and preparation techniques. In this review, the fundamental properties and ion transport mechanisms characteristic of different types of ion-conducting polymers, such as solvent-free polymer electrolytes (SPE), gel polymer electrolytes (GPE), and composite polymer electrolytes (CPE), are reported. A current overview of lithium-ion-based battery systems, which can be improved using ion-conducting polymers, is also presented.
 
Resumen. Los polímeros han tomado un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de dispositivos de almacenamiento de energía de última generación.  En el perfeccionamiento de baterías de ion litio LIBs, los polímeros han sido utilizados ampliamente en preparación de electrolitos y aglomerantes para electrodos, en ambos casos debido a sus propiedades intrínsecas especiales como alta resistencia térmica, mecánica y electroquímica. Sin embargo, la principal limitante de este tipo de materiales es su pobre de conductividad iónica a temperatura ambiente, la cual depende de sus propiedades estructurales y técnicas de preparación. En esta revisión son presentadas las propiedades fundamentales y mecanismos de transporte iónico característicos de los diferentes tipos de polímeros conductores de iones, como los electrolitos poliméricos sin disolventes (SPE), electrolitos poliméricos en gel (GPE) y electrolitos poliméricos compuestos (CPE). También se presenta un panorama actual de los sistemas de baterías basadas en iones litio, que pueden ser mejoradas de mediante el uso de polímeros conductores de iones.
Microstructures of Binary Oxides with an Inverse Opal Structure Used as Photoelectrodes for Water Splitting
Authors: Frontana-Uribe Bernardo A. , Ríos-Domínguez Manuel Humberto
Published: December 2023

Recently, the weather has experienced changes and these have affected our life style. Fossil fuels used by the human have contributed to climate change and today it is impossible to modify. Researchers have studied different kind of fuels that could use daily. Currently, hydrogen, from water splitting, is the best way to substitute the fossil fuels because water is present around the World. In photoelectrochemistry, the electrodes have a great importance. Behaviour of each semiconductor as TiO2, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, NiS, ZnO, Cu2O, etc., give us individual efficiency respect to solar light. Also, the semiconductor chosen, type of crystallinity and superficial area are important points for achieve high in efficiency. This review shows that inverse opal has a greater contact compared to rod, cauliflower, nanotubes, etc. Different ways to deposit the polystyrene allows us gain more contact area and better photoelectrode efficiency. The main routes used to obtain binary oxides deposits, as electrophoretic, spin coating, vertical submersion, etc., help us to control polystyrene arrangement and obtain a uniform template.  These techniques are discussed along this contribution.
 
Resumen. Recientemente, el clima ha experimentado cambios que han afectado a nuestro estilo de vida. Los combustibles fósiles utilizados por el ser humano han contribuido al cambio climático y hoy es imposible modificarlo. Los investigadores estudian diferentes tipos de combustibles que podrían utilizarse diaria y actualmente, el hidrógeno, a partir de la ruptura de la molécula de agua, es la mejor manera de sustituir los combustibles fósiles porque el agua está presente en todo el mundo. En fotoelectroquímica, los electrodos tienen una gran importancia. El comportamiento de cada semiconductor como TiO2, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, NiS, ZnO, Cu2O, etc., tiene cada uno una eficiencia individual respecto a la luz solar que reciben. Además, del semiconductor elegido, el tipo de cristalinidad y el área superficial de este son puntos determinantes para alcanzar un alto grado de eficiencia. La presente revisión muestra que el ópalo inverso tiene un mayor contacto y eficiencia en comparación con las varillas, la coliflor, los nanotubos, etc. Diferentes formas de depositar el poliestireno como molde nos permiten obtener mayor área de contacto y mejor eficiencia del fotoelectrodo semiconductor. Las principales vías utilizadas para obtener depósitos de óxidos binarios, como electroforesis vertical, etc., nos ayudan a controlar la disposición del poliestireno y obtener una capa uniforme. Estas técnicas se discuten a lo largo de esta contribución.
A review into studies related to the effect of the pavement surface condition on traffic safety: A scientometric analysis
Authors:   Roads and Transport Department, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq, Al-Zubaidi Manal , Zubaidi Hamsa , Al-Humeidawi Bassim H
Published: December 2023

Traffic crashes are one of the main reasons for the death of many people and the loss of property Therefore, it is important to conduct research and studies to reduce the risk of accidents and identify the causes that lead to their occurrence. The condition of the pavement is one of the main factors that lead to accidents, as several studies have been presented that show the impact of pavement defects such as rutting, roughness, and skid resistance on traffic safety. This research was conducted to find out and compile the most important research papers using the web of science (WOS) and then analyzing the data using the VOSviewer program, and to know the most countries and journals published on the related pavement condition of road crashes, as well as to know the authors and their cooperation. In addition to knowing the keywords that help researchers research this topic. In order to benefit from these studies in knowing the causes of accidents, analyzing and treating them, and improving the performance of roads using modern analysis and maintenance methods that ensure traffic safety.
An optimization model for the layout of a branching water distribution system
Authors:   School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA, Salih Hasan
Published: December 2023

This paper presents an optimization model for the layout of a branching water distribution system. The goal is to minimize construction costs while meeting the system's demands. The study utilizes the general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) to optimize a non-looping water distribution system. The methodology involves determining the existence and diameter of connections between demand nodes. The optimization problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem. A simplified layout is used to illustrate the constraints and validate the model. The explicit model implemented in GAMS yields optimal solutions and demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach. The results highlight the decisions on connection existence, flow, and pipe diameter, contributing to cost minimization. The findings from this study provide insights for optimizing the design of branching water distribution systems and reducing construction costs.
Interior in Residential Premises That Support Ageing in Place for Older Users
Authors: EYÜBOĞLU Hande , ZORLU Tülay
Published: December 2023

One of the effective factors in enabling individuals to age in place and to spend their old age periods more actively and with better quality is the physical environmental characteristics of the dwelling and its immediate surroundings. In this study, which is based on the assertion that individuals prefer to live in their own homes in old age, it is aimed to determine the features that should be carried by the houses that will support the aging in place of elderly individuals and to reveal the design principles. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 70 elderly users aged 65 and over in their residences. General frequency distributions and chi-square test analyses of the obtained data were performed in SPSS statistical program and descriptive content analysis was performed on open-ended questions and the data were examined with the comparison tables created. Then, all the data obtained from the field study are evaluated together with the literature information and the principles that should be considered in the renovation of the houses for the use of elderly users in line with the new needs are presented. With the design principles presented, it is envisaged that elderly users will continue their lives in a better quality and active way in their residences by extending the time they can be self-sufficient. This work was supported by Office of Scientific Research Projects of Karadeniz Technical University. Project number: FYL-2020-8518.
Toxic Masculinity Practice Portrayed in Children’s Growth at Senior High School in Malang
Authors: Sugeha Anisa Zuhria , Nurlaily Alfaratna Septi
Published: December 2023

In Indonesia, there are a lot of parents who still perpetuate the patriarchal system in parenting methods to raise their children, especially for boys. Moreover, East Java Province is one of the provinces that still present this parenting method because most parents believe males are superior to females. The researcher used male students in Senior High Schools as the respondents due to the patriarchal system in that environment. Social Practice was selected to analyze how the patriarchal system influenced the male students' characters. Those bad habits from the patriarchal system could establish toxic masculinity for most male students because the elders can not give space on how to differentiate what is masculinity and what is the good and the harmful impacts to them.
Metaphor and Its Role in War Room Movie
Authors: Natanael Yosua Timotius , Indriani Gina , Tania Winema , Handayani Nurma Dhona
Published: December 2023

This study aims to find the types and the roles of metaphors in War Room movie. Metaphor in the movie is one of the most important aspects to understand the plot and the message of the movie. This study applied qualitative research as the design, and the observational method and non-participatory technique by Sudaryanto (2015) were conducted to collect the data. The collected data were analyzed and classified based on the theory by Levinson (1983) for the types of metaphors and Gibbs (2008) for the roles of the metaphors in talk. As the results of this research, there were 43 total metaphors found in the War Room movie. 8 metaphors have the roles in negotiating and appropriating in talk with the type of 7 predictive and 1 sentential, 10 metaphors offering a shared discourse space with 6 predictive and 4 sentential, 5 metaphors for the management of talk with 1 nominal, 3 predictive and 1 sentential, and finally 20 metaphors which bring effective impact to the talk with 2 nominal, 16 predicatives, and 2 sentential. It was also found that the metaphors in the movie were very important for the movie's plot, scenes, and message.
An Analysis of Translation Technique Used in The Fantasy Novel “Overlord”
Authors: Anggara Gde Wetan Pragena , Supatmiwati Diah , Hadi Muhammad Zaki Pahrul
Published: December 2023

This research aim is to know what type of translation technique that is used in translating the fantasy and game term in the fantasy novel “Overlord”. Translation is really important when it comes to information, culture, message, etc between two or more different people who use different language. However, the problem arises when it comes to translate a fantasy stories or games because the translation technique is heavily relied on the culture. Meanwhile, the fantasy stories and games are usually not bounded by one specific culture. This is why this research is needed to be conducted, to answer the question regarding which translation technique that the translator used to approach the fantasy term in the fantasy stories or games, so they can avoid any unnatural or awkwardness translation in the target language. The method that is used to collect the data is to determine the analysis unit which is the fantasy novel “Overlord”. Then, the unit is divided into smaller part which is the fantasy and game term. This research is qualitative research because it uses qualitative method to collect and analyze the data. The descriptive-qualitative approach is used in this research after the data sample is taken from all chapters in the novel before finally reducing the unnecessary and irrelevant data for this research. In analyzing the data, this research used a method where the data condensation, data display, and verifying and drawing conclusion are conducted. The result of this research shown that there are seven (7) translation techniques used in the Novel (translated version), they are: discursive creation (60), established equivalent (15), borrowing (184), Amplification (9), literal translation (118), modulation (29) and Particularization (4).
A Semantical Analysis on Amir Hamzah Poems
Authors: Supatmiwati Diah , Dewantar Heryono Panca , Absussamad Zainuddin
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the lexical meaning of Amir Hamzah's poem Ibu Dehulu and to identify its referential meaning. In producing a poem, only a few writers like Amir Hamzah produce a poem that contains implied meanings or meanings that are not written down clearly or explicitly through the words written in his poems. Although this poem is an old poem, this poem is contained aesthetic messages and is still interesting and worth reading until now.  Based on the explanation and the condition above, the writer is interested in reviewing and analyzing five famous poems by Amir Hamzah through semantic studies. In reviewing the poem, the writer focuses on two types of meaning contained in the semantic field such as lexical meaning, and referential meaning The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, since the analyzed data were described qualitatively. Qualitative research is a research design that has three formats. The three formats include descriptive, verification, and grounded research formats, then described based on lexical and referential used as a reference for research. The results showed that in the Ibu Dehulu poem by Amir Hamzah selected by the author, there were 5 lexical words that have and referential meanings
An Analysis of Main Character in the Book “Bawang Merah and Bawang Putih”
Authors: Dewi Ni Luh Komang Puspa , Agung I Gusti Ayu Mahatma
Published: December 2023

Folk tales can be used as a media to teach moral values ​​to children. Folk tale is told from generation to generation through oral tradition. Since it is conveyed orally, several versions of the folk tale are sometimes found in society. This study aims to find out the differences in plot and characterization in the two versions of the folk tale“Bawang Merah dan Bawang Putih”. The descriptive qualitative method was applied in this study. The researchers analyzed the characters and plots in two folk tale books entitled “Bawang Merah dan Bawang Putih” and “Bawang dan Kesuna”. The data of characterization was classified and analyzed using the theory proposed by Mays (2018). Based on the analysis, the results showed that there were three differences in the characterization, namely differences in family relations, differences in parental behavior, and differences in personality. Furthermore, there were also differences found in the plot, namely unfortunate events, unexpected gifts, evil ideas, and sad endings.
Casual and Intimate Style Uttered by Eloise Bridgerton in “Bridgerton 2” TV Series
Authors: Handayani Sartika
Published: December 2023

This research focused on finding out the use of casual style and intimate style from Eloise Bridgerton character’s utterances in “Bridgerton 2” TV series. The aim of this research is to get understanding how close and intimate Eloise's relationship is with her family and friends. Joos's (1967) theory of language style was used in this research. And then, the researchers also conducted the speech functions theory from Holmes & Wilson (2017). The researchers employed descriptive qualitative method as the method of the research which is proposed by Creswell & Creswell (2018). For collecting the data, the researchers used the method of observation and the techniques of non-participatory by Sudaryanto (2015). Furthermore, the method of referential identity and the technique of competence in equalizing by Sudaryanto (2015) were used for analyzing the data. As the result, the researchers found out 16 data for language style. The 16 data derived from 7 data of casual style and 9 data of intimate style. Moreover, 17 data for speech functions which derived into 9 data of expressive function, 5 data of directive function, 2 data of referential function, and 1 data of metalinguistic function.
Metonymic Use of Proper Names as the Window to American Popular Culture
Authors: Adam Muhammad , Palupi Dita Dewi
Published: December 2023

The study of proper name metonymy still needs more attention than metaphors, particularly the one related to creative metonymy from popular culture. Due to such rationale, this study examines how the proper names of famous American athletes are utilized as metonymy in English. The study objective is to identify the frequency, range period, and context or source of the metonymic use. In accomplishing this goal, three well-known American athletes become the focus of this study: Michael Jordan, Babe Ruth, and Muhammad Ali. The study is mainly qualitative, with simple quantitative analysis to measure the frequency. The data source was the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), then the collected data from the three athletes were analyzed for their metonymic use. The analysis discovered that Michael Jordan became the most famous athlete with 67 usages, 58 of which were metonymic, followed by Babe Ruth with 23 usages and 21 metonymic use, and Muhammad Ali with all 18 data as metonymic. The characteristic or metonymic concepts attached to those famous names were uniquely dissimilar; Michael Jordan was associated with greatness, Babe Ruth was related to excellence, and Muhammad Ali was linked to magnificence. The field of context for these names’ utilization was not only from sports but also extended to social, scientific, art, business, law, and political areas. Meanwhile, the periods of use range from 1992 to 2018, with various sources from movies, magazine and newspaper news, TV news, and blogs. This study highlights how cultural aspects and cognition are essential in language expression, indicating how the dynamic change in society affects the dynamic shift in language expression.
A Reflection of Cautiousness in the Lexicon “Fall” in Sundanese: An Ethnosemantic Study
Authors: Wulandari Intan Kusuma
Published: December 2023

In Sundanese, there are various terms "fall" which have different functions and can be represented by the 'falling sound’ or the 'visualization'. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method. The ethnosemantics study explains how the reflection of the Sundanese concept on paying attention to cautiousness in everyday life. Based on its usage, the term "falling" can be categorized for animate or inanimate. This article focuses on how "falls" are defined by its function and how "falls" be the reflection of cautiousness, also this article discusses the various types of falling lexicon based on: (i) falling objects downwards; (ii) falling objects based on the object's position and direction; (iii) falling on a slippery surface; (iv) falling due to an object; and (v) the object falls so that it shifts its place. The phrase ragrag jabatan 'fall from the job position' is an example of how the lexicon "falls" becomes a perspective on how everyone must maintain an attitude in carrying out work. This research explains the function of affixation in each lexicon that builds its meaning and explains the values of cautiousness and vigilance in carrying out daily life in all its activities.
Wealth Metaphors in Morgan Housel’s The Psychology of Money Introduction Section
Authors: Septiyatik Dyta
Published: December 2023

This study aims to identify wealth metaphors in Morgan Housel’s The Psychology of Money introduction section. Conceptual metaphor is a concept of an abstract entity drawn in that of a concrete concept to provide a better understanding (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). Moreover, metaphors are used widely in human everyday life, for instance in movies, literary works, and even small talk. The data were collected utilizing a corpus-based method with the help of tools including WordNet, TRIPS Word Lookup, and AntConc. To analyze the data, the relevance theory by Carston was used in determining metaphorical expression (Carston, 2011) from wealth-related utterances. Additionally, the source domains and the mappings were executed by looking into the co-text of each metaphorical expression. Finally, the wealth metaphors were concluded according to the mappings. The study result shows thirty-six metaphorical expressions found in the introduction section of The Psychology of Money, which were subsequently categorized into smaller groups constructing five wealth metaphors. The source domains are laboratory, school, competition, euphoria, and nature, with wealth as the target domain. To end with, it is recommended that further researchers dig deeper into conceptual metaphors of crucial aspects of human life through a complete work beyond the book’s introduction.
Translation Errors in Subtitle of the Movie Joker 2019 on Netflix
Authors: Haque Arina , Rini Happy Cruzia
Published: December 2023

There have been various genres of movies completed with their subtitles. The role of subtitle is crucial, besides gaining engagement with the audience, subtitle also conveys the meaning and the message of the movie. However, there have been found errors in the subtitle itself. This study aims to discover the types of translation errors in the English-Indonesian language pair of the Joker (2019) movie shown on Netflix. The English-Indonesian subtitles were used as the data for the study. The method of the study is qualitative descriptive and The American Translators Association (ATA) framework errors category was applied in analyzing the error types. The results showed that there were six types of errors; (1) omission errors; (2) misunderstanding errors; (3) faithfulness errors; (4) literalness errors; (5) ambiguity errors and (6) other errors that do not include in the category. The most frequent error is omission, misunderstanding, and faithfulness errors. All the errors found influenced the information and message delivered to the viewers.