bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTER ASSASSINATION: A PERSONAL WITNESS ACCOUNT WITH A TAXONOMIC NOTE ON THE GENUS LAUFEIA S. LAT. (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE)
Authors: Prószyński Jerzy
Published: April 2020

The paper comments discussion on how to delimit taxa of Salticidae, initiated by Kropf et al. (2019). It discusses a number of important general issues, including the relative value of precise diagnostic drawings and photos compared to verbal definitions of taxa, which is relevant to hundreds of current taxonomic publications. To illustrate key principles, the paper also analyses the validity of the recent synonymization of the genera Junxattus, Lechia and Orcevia, evaluating the sufficiency and relevance of previously published morphological and molecular data.On the basis of the above (documented on Figs 1-4 below), the following momenclatural changes are introduced: Gen. Junxattus Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012 - revalidated - (type species Junxattus daiqini); Gen. Lechia Zabka, 1985 - revalidated - (type species Lechia squamata); Gen. Orcevia Thorell, 1890 - revalidated - (type species Orcevia keyserlingii).The placement of female of Laufeia concava and male (only!) of Laufeia squamata are erroneous and require generic transfer. Lechia minuta (Prószyński, 1992) is misplaced too, belonging neither to Laufeia nor to Euoprys, it should be provisionally listed as Lechia (according to latest documented reference) until revisionary research of fauna of its area yields additional material to clarify its correct placement.
Term ve Preterm Doğan Bebekler ile Annelerinin Antropometrik Ölçümlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: PULAT DEMİR Halime , BAYRAM Hatice Merve , AKGÖZ Hasan Fatih
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışma term ve preterm bebekler ile annelerinin antropometrik ölçümlerinin karşılaştırılması amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür.Yöntem: Araştırma Kasım 2015- Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında İstanbul’da özel bir hastanede doğum yapan 120 (60 preterm, 60 term doğum) anne ve bebek ile yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların demografik özellikleri anket formu ile yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Annelerin boy ve ağırlıkları ile bebeklerin boy, ağırlık ve baş çevresi gibi antropometrik ölçümleri standartlara uygun olarak alınmıştır. Veriler, "SPSS 23.00" programı kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Preterm doğum yapan annelerin %41,7’si 35 yaşından büyük ve %46,7’si lise mezunu olup; çoğu (%66,7) ev hanımıdır. Term doğum yapan annelerin %95’inin, preterm doğum yapan annelerin ise %51,7’sinin doğum öncesi sağlık kontrolüne gittikleri görülmüştür (p<0,001). Term doğum yapan annelerin çoğu (%93,3) bir sağlık problemi yaşamamışken, bu oran preterm doğum yapan annelerde %10’dur ve en sık rastlanan sağlık problemi erken doğum riskidir (p<0,001). Preterm doğum yapan annelerin %36,7’sinin ve term doğum yapan annelerin %16,7’sinin >12 kg ağırlık artışı olduğu; preterm doğum yapan annelerin gebelik öncesi vücut ağırlıkları 65,0±10,2 kg; gebelik sonrası 75,7±11,5 kg; term doğum yapan annelerin ise sırasıyla 56,2±5,4 kg ve 66,4±6,5 kg olarak bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Ayrıca preterm erkek bebeklerin boy uzunlukları 37,3±5,3 cm, vücut ağırlıkları 1.388,±572,82 g ve baş çevresi 27,4±3,5 cm olup; kız bebeklerde bu değerler sırasıyla 39,4±5,1 cm, 1.610,0±576,3 g ve 28,4±3,6 cm’dir. Gebelikte; preterm doğum yapanların %73,3’ü sabah, %65’i öğle, %83,3’ü akşam, term doğum yapanların sırasıyla %100’ü sabah, %96,7’si öğle, %98,3’ü akşam öğününü düzenli tüketmiştir.Sonuç: Term doğum yapanların %68,3’ünün gebelikte 8-12 kg ağırlık artışı olduğu, gebelik öncesi ve sonrası Beden Kütle İndeksi (BKİ) sınıflamasında çoğunun normal aralıkta olduğu görülmüştür. Gebelikte vücut ağırlığı kazanımı ve beslenme düzeni açısından takip bebeğin sağlıklı doğması için önemli olup; düzenli olarak beslenme eğitimi ve ağırlık takibi önemlidir.
Janji Pemulihan Israel dalam Kitab Zefanya: Refleksi Teologi Kovenan
Authors: Purwonugroho Daniel Pesah , Zaluchu Sonny Eli
Published: April 2020

The God of the Israelites is a God of covenants that bind covenants with humanity. Agreement between them has a binding nature to one another. Throughout the history of the Israelites recorded in the Old Testament, God often spoke through His prophets. God delivered a special message about the lives of the Israelites and also what He promised them through these prophets. All messages in the Old Testament and the prophetic books refer to a conditional Covenant. On the one hand, God pursues and punishes, but on the other hand, He restores. The Covenant theology reveals God's intention to punish and repair that is manifested in Christ's mission. This paper analyzes the implementation of the covenant theology in the ministry of the Prophet Zephaniah through the study of literature and sees its implementation for the presence of Christ in the world.Abstrak: Allah adalah Allah perjanjian yang mengikat perjanjian kepada umat manusia. Perjanjian yang terjalin antara Allah dengan manusia memiliki sifat yang sangat mengikat. Di dalam kehidupan bangsa Israel yang terekam sepanjang kitab Perjanjian Lama, Allah bersabda melalui nabi nabiNya. Allah memberikan pesan secara spesifik perihal kehidupan bangsa Israel dan juga apa yang menjadi janjiNya kepada mereka. Seluruh pesan Perjanjian Lama dan khususnya kitab Nabi-nabi mengarah pada satu perjanjian atau kovenan bersyarat. Pada satu sisi, Allah menuntut dan menghukum tetapi pada sisi lain, Allah memulihkan. Teologi kovenan menampilkan maksud Allah untuk menghukum dan memulihkan yang tergambar di dalam misi Kristus. Tulisan ini menganalisis implementasi Teologi kovenan di dalam pelayanan Nabi Zefanya melalui studi literatur dan  melihat implementaisnya bagi kehadiran Kristus di dunia.
Penerapan Prinsip Pemuridan Elia dalam Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Soeliasih Soeliasih
Published: April 2020

Elijah was one of the prophets of the nation of Israel who experienced the terrible use of God. Through his ministry, the Israelites experienced a great revival. The success of Elijah's ministry did not reach himself, but he had duplicated it to his student named Elisha, even Elisha became a greater prophet than Elijah. The success of discipleship Elijah the prophet needs to be an example for God's servants today in carrying out Christian religious education. This study seeks to find the principles of discipleship Elijah the prophet to apply to discipleship in the present. As a result of this research, it was found several qualifications of religious educators in Elijah, including aspects of spirituality, mentality, personality, and managerial. Abstrak: Elia adalah salah satu nabi bangsa Israel yang mengalami pemakaian Allah secara dahsyat. Melalui pelayanannya bangsa Israel mengalami kebangunan rohani yang besar. Keberhasilan pelayanan Elia tidak sampai pada dirinya sendiri, namun ia telah menduplikasikannya kepada muridnya yang bernama Elisa, bahkan Elisa menjadi nabi yang lebih hebat daripada Elia. Keberhasilan pemuridan nabi Elia perlu menjadi contoh bagi hamba-hamba Tuhan pada masa sekarang dalam menjalankan pendidikan agama Kristen. Penelitian ini berusaha menemukan prinsip-prinsip pemuridan nabi Elia untuk dapat diterapkan bagi pemuridan pada masa sekarang. Sebagai hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan beberapa kualifikasi pendidik agama dalam diri Elia, meliputi aspek spiritualitas, mentalitas, personalitas, dan manajerial.
Etika Berpakaian bagi Kaum Perempuan Dalam Ibadah Menurut I Timotius 2:9-10 dan Aplikasinya Masa Kini
Authors: Duha Asni Darmayanti
Published: April 2020

Abstract: Ethics are important things in human life, and clothing is a human need that cannot be ignored. Dress ethics shows the character of life and a good way of life in the midst of an increasingly secular and uncontralized world. Of course Christians cannot be influenced by the development of the times. Christians must live according to the truth of God's Word. Good and polite dress ethics are the wealth and glory of women. In worship there are many ways to dress that are not polite. A woman who is good and takes care of her honor keeps her dress code. In this case, the writer uses the method of literature and ecegesis based on the text which becomes the author's reference to reveal the truth about dressing.Abstrak: Etika merupakan hal penting di dalam kehidupan manusia, dan pakaian adalah kebutuhan manusia yang tidak bisa diabaikan. Etika berpakaian menunjukkan karakter hidup dan cara hidup yang baik di tengah dunia yang semakin sekular dan tidak terkontral ini. Tentu orang Kristen tidak dapat terpengaruh dengan perkembangan zaman yang ada. Orang Kristen harus hidup sesuai dengan kebenaran Firman Tuhan. Etika berpakain yang baik dan sopan merupakan harta dan kemuliaan perempuan. Dalam kebaktian ada banyak cara berpakaian yang tidak sopan. Perempuan yang baik dan menjaga kehormatannya menjaga etika berpakaiannya. Dalam hal ini, penulis menggunakan metode kepustakaan dan ekegesis berdasarkan nas yang menjadi acuan penulis untuk mengungkapkan kebenaran tentang berpakaian.
Keteladanan Kepemimpinan Rasul Paulus sebagai Role Model dalam Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Berdasarkan Efesus 4:1-16 di Gereja Bahagian Bahasa Melayu di Negara Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Luwis Render
Published: April 2020

Abstract: The leader is the person who carries out the process, behavior or relationship. In this case the leader must have leadership qualities that are based on the based on the universal characteristics of a leader, for example, having this research is a literature study or literature review using reference books that contain a discussion about the leadership of the Apostle Paul as a role model in human resources development based on Ephesian 4:1-16 by applying descriptive methods. The leadership model of the Apostal Paul based on Ephesians 4:1-16 as the Role of the Gereja Bahagian Bahasa Melayu Human Resource Development Model in the State of Brunei Darussalam as follows: First the character of Christ-likeness. Second, the unity of believers because God is one which is the doctrinal expected by God to be the basis of theology of believers is that the believer must be able to maintain the unity of the Spirit by the bond of peace, not letting or even confounding. Third, unity of service by sharing gifts is God’s gift to believers to serve Him. Forth, the unity of being the perfect body or Christ is a process of believers throughout life continuously tirelessly focused to grow to be perfect.Abstrak: Pemimpin adalah orang yang melaksanakan proses, perilaku atau hubungan. Dalam hal ini pemimpin harus mempunyai kualitas kepemimpinan yang berbasiskan ciri universal seorang pemimpin, misalnya mempunyai Penelitian ini merupakan kajian literatur atau kajian pustaka dengan menggunakan buku-buku referensi yang memuat bahasan mengenai kepemimpinan Rasul Paulus sebagai role model dalam pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia berdasarkan Efesus 4:1-16 dengan menerapkan metode deskriptif. Kesimpulan: Keteladanan Kepemimpinan Rasul Paulus berdasarkan Efesus 4: 1-16  sebagai Role  Model Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Gereja Bahagian Bahasa Melayu di Negara  Brunei Darussalam sebagai berikut berikut: Pertama, karakter seperti Kristus. Kedua, kesatuan orang percaya karena Allah adalah satu adalah doctrinal yang diharapkan oleh Tuhan menjadi dasar teologi orang percaya adalah bahwa orang percaya wajib mampu memelihara kesatuan Roh oleh ikatan damai sejahtera, bukan membiarkan atau bahkan mengacaukan. Ketiga, kesatuan melayani dengan berbagai karunia  merupakan  pemberian Allah  kepada orang percaya agar mereka melayani-Nya. Keempat,  kesatuan menjadi tubuh Kristus yang sempurna merpakan proses orang percaya sepanjang hidup terus-menerus tanpa mengenal lelah  fokus untuk bertumbuh menjadi sempurna
À propos de quelques angles morts de la théorie politique environnementale. Approche critique à la lumière de la pensée de Günther Anders
Authors: Villalba Bruno
Published: April 2020

La Théorie politique environnementale, au-delà de la diversité des approches théoriques et des spécificités disciplinaires, propose une réflexion sur les ajustements nécessaires du projet de la démocratie moderne face aux limites environnementales globales auxquelles nous devons faire face. Cependant, cette proposition théorique minimise certaines conséquences de ses propres constats, en formulant des contradictions spatiales, temporelles et en reconstruisant des séparations artificielles entre les contraintes. L’article présente quelques angles morts de la TPE (horizontalité, autorégulation conviviale, renoncement, continuité du temps politique, relégation de la violence). Il interroge, à l’aide de la perspective théorique de Günther Anders, les risques d’une telle minimisation et tente de mettre en lumière ce décalage entre l’intention première, critique et réformatrice de la TPE, et la gestion des conséquences de ces propositions
Music Teacher Self-Perceived Vocal Health and Job-Related Stress
Authors: Brown Emily Pence
Published: April 2020

Vocal health and job-related stress issues have both become endemic with teaching. Oftentimes, vocal health issues and/or stress lead to “burnout” and can result in teachers leaving the profession entirely. Stress is a confounding variable addressed by researchers in previous vocal health literature, but they rarely examine both as equally contributing factors (Dietrich, Abbott, Gartner-Schmidt, & Rosen, 2008; Gotaas & Starr, 1993; Seifert & Kollbrunner, 2005). The purpose of this study was to examine self-reported vocal health and job-related stress in prekindergarten to 12th-grade school music teachers. A questionnaire containing the Voice Handicap Index (VHI; Jacobson et al., 1997) and Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI; Fimian, 1984) was disseminated to members of a larger music educator association in the United States (N = 3,741). Completed surveys (n = 372) were collected and results indicate that there is a correlation between vocal health concerns and job-related stress. Results also suggest that teachers with less teaching experience report higher levels of stress. Finally, results showed that female music teachers report higher levels of vocal health issues and that choir teachers reported the highest scores of both vocal health issues and job-related stress.
Correlation between Classroom Engagement and Academic Performance of Engineering Students
Authors: Mazumder Quamrul H. , Sultana Sunzia , Mazumder Fardeen
Published: April 2020

Egyptian schools of engineering (government faculties, private faculties and private higher engineering institutes) award degrees to 35000 graduates annually. There have been concerns from the Egyptian Engineers Syndicate, experienced engineers, local & international employers, parents and other society stakeholders about the knowledge and skills gained by engineering graduates. In this article, first the institutions were analyzed from a fresh business perspective. The analysis highlighted several constraints that hinder radical reforms. In part two of this article the aspirations of stakeholders were collected and identified. In part three, recommendations were made based on the experiences of engineering education providers worldwide.
Effect of Sport Education on Stress and Assertiveness of Middle School Students
Authors: Gonener Ahmet
Published: April 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of basic tennis education on stress and assertiveness levels among middle school students.

Material: The study group consisted of a total of 120 students, 60 females and 60 males, aged 9-11 years. The Rathus Assertiveness Schedule and the Perceived Stress Scale for Children were used as data collection tools, and a questionnaire was administered to gather demographic information of the participants. The data were transferred to IBM SPSS 25.0 package program and analyzed using paired samples t-test.

Results: As a result of the statistical analyses performed on the data obtained in the pretest and posttest at p<0.05 significance level, significant differences were found between assertiveness and stress scores of the male participants; between assertiveness and stress scores of the female participants; and between assertiveness and stress scores of the whole study group regardless of gender differences.

Conclusions: Pretest and posttest results revealed that there was a significant effect of basic tennis training on the increase in assertiveness levels and the decrease in stress levels among female and male students (p <0.05).
Provision of Security Facilities and Security Personnel Service Delivery in Universities in Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Etor Comfort R. , Etudor-Eyo Eno , Ukpabio Godfrey E.
Published: April 2020

The study examined provision of security facilities and security personnel service delivery in Universities in Cross River State, Nigeria. Three research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. The ex-post facto design was adopted for the study. The population of the study comprised 440 security personnel while the sample size was 400 security personnel. Two researchers developed and validated instruments entitled “Provision of Facilities Questionnaire (POFQ) and Security Personnel Service Delivery Questionnaire (SPSDQ) were used for data collection. The reliability estimates of the instrument were determined using Cronbach Alpha Analysis and the coefficients of 0.80 and 0.83 were obtained. Descriptive statistics was used to answer the research questions while Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the hypothesis at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study showed that there exist a disparity in the provision of security facilities in the institutions with the minimum provision of 11.10 and maximum of 26.00 facilities by State and Federal Universities respectively. The level of provision of security facilities in the two institutions studies indicated two levels of inadequate and moderate with a grand mean of 2.5135 and standard deviation of .92773. The level of security service delivery in the Universities in Cross River State depend on the level of availability of security facilities for use by security personnel is evident that there are three levels of security service delivery in Universities. The finding of the study also revealed that there is a significant relationship between provision of security facilities and security personnel service delivery. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the administrators should provide adequate security facilities such as hand guns, CCTV, tear gas, bullet proof vests and so on for effective security personnel service delivery.
Identifying the Factor of Mathematical Reasoning That Affects the Ability to Programming Algorithm
Authors: Hartati Sulis Janu , Vitianingsih Anik Vega , Kurniati Neny , Sulistyowati Sulistyowati , Muhajir Muhajir
Published: April 2020

This paper examines the limited proficiency to engage in programming algorithms among university students in information technology and information system in several universities across Surabaya, Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to find the most influential factor in learning programming algorithm using a quantitative approach. The research subjects were second-semester information technology students in several private universities in Surabaya, Indonesia. The research instruments were mathematical reasoning and basic algorithm programming test. Mathematical reasoning tests incorporated linear algebraic, basic calculus, and mathematical logic. The data analysis used was variant-based Structural Equation Modelling, also known as Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modelling based on Smart-PLS 3. With α = 5%, the research results conclude that mathematical reasoning positively influences algorithm programming ability with an R score of 0.999, and that the most influential variable among mathematical reasoning abilities was algebra with an R score of 0.732.
Improving the Vocational School Performance Through the Good School Governance
Authors: Ismara K. Ima , Khurniawan Arie W. , Soeharto Soeharto , Andayani Sri , Supriadi Didi , Prianto Eko
Published: April 2020

The study aims to analyze the implementation of Good School Governance in vocational schools in Indonesia as a response of the high number of inappropriate employment to the vocational graduates’ competencies. This present quantitative descriptive study applies the purposive sampling technique by picking up 852 vocational school principals and teachers from 34 provinces in Indonesia. The researcher found a model for improving the vocational school performance based on good school governance in Indonesia covering Transparency, Accountability, Responsibility, Autonomy, Fairness, Participation, Effectiveness and Efficiency, and Consensus-Oriented principles. Among these eight factors, Responsibility is assessed the highest with the Mean score of 3.25, while both Consensus-Oriented and Participation are labelled as “Not Good” with the Mean scores of 2.93 and 2.82 respectively. However, the results of the recent study need to be legitimated in order to formally applied in all vocational schools in Indonesia.
Transfer of Learning for Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology
Authors: Jiménez-Pérez Ana L. , Vargas-Contreras Eunice
Published: April 2020

The aim of this paper is to assess the transfer of learning of students from a master’s degree in psychology through observation of their skills in information assessment and intervention. The participants were 10 incoming students of a professional-aimed master’s program in psychology offered in a Mexican public university. They carried out two types of tasks: a) review of a scientific text and b) interaction in intervention with clients, where the participants were evaluated by observational strategies. The results reflect zero relation between the level of skill displayed by most students in their information assessment skills and their intervention skills, which could suggest a low probability to conduct evidence-based practice. The data presented provide information for the design of graduate programs in order to foster the transfer of learning of these skills, which is essential for evidence-based practice.
Comparative Advertising: Proposed Guidelines for Middle Marketers
Authors: Eyada Bassant , Milla Asli Cazorla
Published: April 2020

This article presents a review of comparative advertising from a theoretical perspective and uses a combination of literature review and content analysis as a research methodology. The main objective of the article is to propose a legislative framework for marketers in the Middle East for using comparative advertising. Advertising plays a significant role in promoting and marketing products and brands. Comparative advertising affects consumer behaviour, decision making and consumerism following the ethical standards of advertising which control the form of competition between products which affects the brand image and the relation between consumers and the products. While competition between brands becomes hostile in some cases, the purpose of competitive or comparative advertising is to compare the entity of a product to the entity of its competitor on the basis of one or more product characteristics, as part of an advertising campaign. Known to have two different types: direct and indirect, where the name of the competitor is specifically mentioned, and superiority is established over them within the direct form, as for the indirect the product places superiority over its competitors without explicitly mentioning the name, which is widely seen in the Middle East advertising campaigns. This research aims to study the ethical standards of comparative advertising, implications of direct comparative advertising on consumer behaviour through content analysis of comparative ads to set guidelines for using other product’s name or trademark in advertising within the Middle East. The lack of availability of the empirical data on comparative advertising in the Middle Easts presents both a challenge and an opportunity for academicians. The paper concludes with the notion that comparative advertising is an effective way to attract consumers, and it is recommended to be used in the Middle East with the proposed guidelines.
Spinoza
Authors: Kerr Joshua ,   DePaul University
Published: April 2020

Spinoza has very little to say concerning the creative arts. A careful consideration of those passages in which he discusses art, however, reveals art to have an importance for him that far outstrips what his relative silence might suggest. In this paper, I argue that Spinoza situates art at the genesis of rational, philosophical knowledge. The importance of abstract reason, Spinoza’s “second kind” of knowledge to which most of philosophy belongs, has been well appreciated by scholars. In the Ethics, Spinoza offers a developmental account of this kind of knowledge: reason develops out of the knowledge of sense experience. By tracing his account of this process, I argue that art has an important role to play in the transition from sense experience to philosophical knowledge.
Research Data Management Services and Strategic Planning in Libraries Today: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Gowen Elise , Meier John J.
Published: April 2020

INTRODUCTION Research data services have been adopted by many academic libraries. This study tracked the changes in research data management services and staffing among Association of American Universities (AAU) libraries over the past 5 years and compared them to the libraries’ goals for research data management (RDM) in their strategic plan. METHODS This quantitative study examined libraries at the 60 U.S. AAU institutions. In order to examine longitudinal changes, portions of Briney et.al. (2015a) were used as a basis for measuring data librarian staffing and services. These trends were compared to the contemporary strategic priorities of libraries interviewed by Meier (2016), as well as against strategic plans of 2014 and 2019 available online. RESULTS & DISCUSSION While there have been modest increases in libraries in the sample population offering data services, most of those gains have been among the libraries that did not consider RDM a priority in 2014. Interestingly, some of the libraries that mentioned RDM as a priority in 2014 have lost data librarian positions. Over half of the libraries in this study now provide or support a data repository. Many library strategic plans that mentioned RDM as an explicit goal 5 years ago now no longer mention it. CONCLUSION Data librarian positions, data services, and data repositories have now become common features of large research university libraries. However, research data services are no longer as prominent in many library strategic plans at institutions where such services are more established, and libraries instead seem to be moving on to the work of rethinking the nature of the services or expanding them. Data: https://scholarsphere.psu.edu/concern/generic_works/t1g05ff42r
Biological Control of Aflatoxin on Egg Production Performance of Laying Hens
Authors: Ojo Olayinka Abosede , Olusanya Omololu
Published: April 2020

The deleterious effects of aflatoxin have been well documented in the literature on livestock and animal products. Although toxin binders and some methods of mitigating aflatoxin has been proven to illicit a positive response, but the effectiveness of biocontrol method of mitigation on the laying performance, egg production and characteristics have not been fully documented. Therefore, effect of aflatoxin bio-control method (Aflasafe) on growth indices, egg production and characteristics of laying chicken (LC) were investigated in this study. 700 point-of-lay Bovan Nera (LC) were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments: Aflasafe maize-based diet (AMBD), Farm Feed with toxin binder (FF+toxin binder), aflatoxin-contaminated diet with toxin binder (ACDTB) and aflatoxin-contaminated diet without toxin binder (ACDWTB). The contaminated diets contained 306.3ppb aflatoxin and the experimental design was completely randomised with 4 treatments (n=175) and 5 replicates (n=35) per treatment for 14 weeks. Daily feed intake (DFI), Average egg weight (AEW), Average egg width (AEWd), Albumen length (AL) were determined using standard procedures. The DFI (g) of LC on ACDTB (113.54) and ACDWTB (115.13) was significantly lower than AMBD (124.66) and FF+toxin binder (129.06). The AMBD (1.45 g) significantly enhanced the AYD than other treatments. Aflasafe maize-based diet enhanced, egg characteristics in laying chicken. It also improved egg quality in laying chickens without adverse effect on the production. The use of aflasafe maize grain in poultry diet is recommended.
Beef Cattle Livestock Business Income Analaysis in West Binjai District, Indonesia
Authors: Marisa Julia , Sitepu Sukma Aditya
Published: April 2020

The income analysis function is to measure the success or failure of business activity, find the main components of income, and whether that component can still be improved or not. This study aims to analyze the income of beef cattle fattening business in West Binjai District, Indonesia. The research method is a census, which also known as a complete enumeration method, where all individuals in the population are investigated or interviewed as respondents. This type of research is a quantitative descriptive study. The population in this study was all beef cattle breeders with the aim of maintenance for fattening. The data collection method was carried out by the census of 37 farmers. The data used in this study include primary data and secondary data. The results showed that the beef cattle fattening business in the study area was an economically profitable activity for beef cattle farmers that were 86,703,940 rupiah per year, and the average net income received by beef cattle business farmers was Rp. 7,225,328 per month. In terms of business, feasibility is a type of activity that feasible to cultivate and developed because of the Revenue Cost Ratio value 1.38.
Effect of Ball Milled and Sintered Graphene Nanoplatelets–Copper Composite Coatings on Bubble Dynamics and Pool Boiling Heat Transfer
Authors: Rishi Aniket M. , Kandlikar Satish G. , Rozati Seyed Alireza , Gupta Anju
Published: April 2020

Herein, the efficacy of graphene nanoplatelets–copper (GNP–Cu) composite coatings formed by ball milling and sintering methods in enhancing the pool boiling, i.e., phase‐change heat transfer tested for distilled water, is presented. The pool boiling performance is quantified by an increase in critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) at the lower wall superheat temperature. The ball milling facilitates the draping of highly thermally conductive GNP around individual copper particles and subsequent sintering results in morphological features that further promote high wicking rates of the coatings. A variety of coatings are formed with varying GNP concentrations and copper particle sizes. Highest pool boiling performance is achieved for the 2 wt% GNP and 20 μm diameter Cu coating, with a CHF of 239 W cm−2 and HTC of 285 kW m−2 °C−1, which indicate an increment of ≈91% and ≈438%, respectively, compared with a pristine copper surface. Stretched or elongated pores observed for certain compositions of the coatings, termed as “pore pockets” in this work, contribute in higher pool boiling heat transfer due to their ability to contain and supply liquid, while acting as nucleation sites for vapor generation and escape.
Inheritance of resistance of two pea lines to powdery mildew
Authors: León Diana P. , Checa Óscar E. , Obando Paula A.
Published: April 2020

The GRICAND, Andean Crops Research Group has identified two resistant pea (Pisum sativum L.) lines to powdery mildew (PM) (Erysiphe pisi): ILS6527 (resistance of foliage and pods) and UN6651 (pods only resistance). This study established the inheritance of these two distinct PM‐resistance genotypes. Resistant lines ILS6527 and UN6651 were crossed with two susceptible varieties (Andina and San Isidro) and their respective generations (F1, F2, BCr, and BCs) were evaluated for PM resistance in naturally infected field tests. Data were subjected to chi‐square (χ2) and homogeneity test. The two crosses of ILS6527 segregated in a monogenic Mendelian ratio of 3 susceptible: 1 resistant in F2 generation, and 1 susceptible: 1 resistant ratio in BCr, which indicate a recessive control of resistance. The resistance gene in ILS6527 may be allelic with er‐1. UN6651 exhibited PM resistance only in pods, the F2 and backcrosses from the crosses with UN6651 segregated in a manner indicative of recessive resistance.
Stereoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed C−F Bond Alkynylation of Tetrasubstituted gem‐Difluoroalkenes
Authors: Ma Qiao , Wang Yanhui , Tsui Gavin Chit
Published: April 2020

A stereoselective Pd(PPh3)4‐catalyzed C−F bond alkynylation of tetrasubstituted gem‐difluoroalkenes with terminal alkynes has been developed. This method gives access to a great variety of conjugated monofluoroenynes bearing a tetrasubstituted alkene moiety with well‐defined stereochemistry. Chelation‐assisted oxidative addition of Pd to the C−F bond is proposed to account for the high level of stereocontrol. An X‐ray crystal structure of a key monofluorovinyl PdII intermediate has been obtained for the first time as evidence for the proposed mechanism.
Liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometric method for the quantification of monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and its preclinical pharmacokinetics
Authors: Lee Byeong ill , Park Min‐Ho , Choi Jangmi , Shin Seok‐Ho , Byeon Jin‐Ju , Park Yuri , Shin Young G.
Published: April 2020

MMAE is a potent antimitotic drug used as payload of an antibody‐drug conjugate which shows potent activity in preclinical and clinical studies against a range of lymphomas, leukemia and solid tumors. Liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometric method was developed for the quantification of MMAE and its preclinical pharmacokinetics. The method consisted of protein precipitation using acetonitrile (ACN) for sample preparation and liquid chromatography – quadrupole – time‐of‐flight – tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐qTOF‐MS/MS) analysis in the positive ion mode. A quadratic regression (weighted 1/concentration2), with an equation y = ax2 + bx + c, was used to fit calibration curves over the concentration range of 1.01–2,200 ng/mL for MMAE. The qualification run met the acceptance criteria of ±25% accuracy and precision values for QC samples. Recovery was 42.84%. The dilution integrity was determined for 5‐fold dilution and the accuracy and precision ranged within ±25%. The stability results indicated that MMAE was stable for the following conditions: short‐term (4 h), long‐term (4 weeks), freeze/thaw (3 cycles) and post‐preparative stability (12 h). This qualified method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of MMAE in rat as a preclinical animal model. The PK results suggest that MMAE has moderate CL and low BA.Also, these results would be helpful in having a comprehensive understanding of the PK characteristics of MMAE and developing ADC in future.
Reliability of multimodal MRI brain measures in youth at risk for mental illness
Authors: Drobinin Vladislav , Van Gestel Holly , Helmick Carl A. , Schmidt Matthias H. , Bowen Chris V. , Uher Rudolf
Published: April 2020

Introduction

A new generation of large‐scale studies is using neuroimaging to investigate adolescent brain development across health and disease. However, imaging artifacts such as head motion remain a challenge and may be exacerbated in pediatric clinical samples. In this study, we assessed the scan–rescan reliability of multimodal MRI in a sample of youth enriched for risk of mental illness.

Methods

We obtained repeated MRI scans, an average of 2.7 ± 1.4 weeks apart, from 50 youth (mean age 14.7 years, SD = 4.4). Half of the sample (52%) had a diagnosis of an anxiety disorder; 22% had attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We quantified reliability with the test–retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results

Gray matter measurements were highly reliable with mean ICCs as follows: cortical volume (ICC = 0.90), cortical surface area (ICC = 0.89), cortical thickness (ICC = 0.82), and local gyrification index (ICC = 0.85). White matter volume reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.98). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) components were also highly reliable. Fractional anisotropy was most consistently measured (ICC = 0.88), followed by radial diffusivity (ICC = 0.84), mean diffusivity (ICC = 0.81), and axial diffusivity (ICC = 0.78). We also observed regional variability in reconstruction, with some brain structures less reliably reconstructed than others.

Conclusions

Overall, we showed that developmental MRI measures are highly reliable, even in youth at risk for mental illness and those already affected by anxiety and neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, caution is warranted if patterns of results cluster within regions of lower reliability.
Cardiovascular MRI: A valuable tool to detect cardiac source of emboli in cryptogenic ischemic strokes
Authors: Mohammad Yousef , Alhoqbani Tariq , Alfaqih Rashed , Altamimi Lamees , Alotaibi Abdullah , AlMousa Abdulelah , El Shaer Fayez , Al‐Hussain Fawaz
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Despite a thorough work‐up including transesophageal echocardiography, 20%–30% of stroke etiology remains cryptogenic. Transesophageal echocardiogram is considered the gold standard procedure to detect cardiac or aortic sources of emboli. In the recent years, cardiovascular MRI has emerged as a noninvasive, sound, and reliable modality to image morphological and functional abnormalities. In this study, we compared none contrast cardiovascular MRI to transesophageal echocardiogram, in the ability to detect cardiovascular source of embolus in cryptogenic ischemic strokes.

Methods

A series of 24 patients who were labeled, after a thorough stroke work‐up, as having cryptogenic stroke, were examined with both transesophageal echocardiogram and noncontrast cardiovascular MRI to assess for cardiac or aortic source of emboli. The cardiologist who interpreted the transesophageal echocardiograms was blinded to the results of cardiovascular MRI. At the same time, the radiologist who interpreted the cardiovascular MRI was also blinded to the results of transesophageal echocardiogram. The cardiac lesions, with potential source of emboli that were assessed in our study included left ventricular thrombus, atrial septal aneurysm, and aortic atherosclerotic disease. The ability of cardiovascular MRI to identify potential source of cardiac embolus was then compared to that of transesophageal echocardiogram.

Results

Transesophageal echocardiogram detected ascending or arch aortic atherosclerotic plaque in 14 of the 24 patients. Other abnormalities detected include two atrial septal aneurysms and two left ventricular thrombus. Cardiovascular MRI was able to identify aortic atheroma in 13 patients; as well as three atrial septal aneurysms and two left ventricular thrombus. The accuracy of cardiovascular MRI to detect aortic atheroma, atrial septal aneurysm or left ventricular thrombus was great; 96%, 95.83%, and 100%, respectively.

Conclusion

This small study suggests that, in patients with cryptogenic stroke, cardiovascular MRI is comparable to transesophageal echocardiogram in detecting cardiac and aortic source of emboli.
Global functional connectivity density alterations in patients with bipolar disorder with auditory verbal hallucinations and modest short‐term effects of transcranial direct current stimulation augmentation treatment—Baseline and follow‐up study
Authors: Zhuo Chuanjun , Ji Feng , Lin Xiaodong , Tian Hongjun , Wang Lina , Xu Yong , Wang Wenqiang , Jiang Deguo
Published: April 2020

Objectives

To investigate the neuroimaging characteristics of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) in patients with bipolar disorder (BP) experiencing depressive episodes with and without AVHs, and alterations in those characteristics after transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS).

Methods

For a baseline pilot study, we recruited 80 patients with BP and depressive status (40 with and 40 without AVHs), and 40 healthy controls (HCs). Their global functional connectivity density (gFCD) was screened by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Voxel‐wise one‐way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to detect intergroup differences in gFCD. In a follow‐up study, the effects of 5 weeks of tDCS augmentation treatment on clinical symptoms and gFCD were assessed in the 40 BP patients with AVHs.

Results

Compared to HCs, BP patients with and without AVHs exhibited increased gFCD in the central parietal lobe, insular lobe, and middle cingulate cortex, with decreased gFCD in the posterior parietal cortex, lateral prefrontal cortex, and occipital lobe (all bilateral). Only patients with AVHs showed increased gFCD in the Broca and Wernicke regions, and decreased gFCD in the hippocampus (all bilateral). After 5 weeks of tDCS, AVHs were slightly alleviated and gFCD abnormalities in the hippocampus were mildly attenuated.

Conclusions

Patients with BP and AVHs showed disturbances in the brain's communication capacity mainly in the left frontoparietal network, control network, and memory circuitry. Five weeks of tDCS alleviated AVHs slightly, without improving depressive symptoms, and attenuated hippocampal gFCD alterations in these patients.
Allochthonous aquatic subsidies alleviate predation pressure in terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Recalde Fátima C. , Breviglieri Crasso P. B. , Romero Gustavo Q.
Published: April 2020

The input of external energy and matter in recipient ecosystems can act as a bottom‐up force that subsidizes consumers, with subsequent cascading effects throughout the food web. Depending on the amount of input, dietary preference, and the strength of trophic links, allochthonous resources generally play a stabilizing role on food webs. In this study, we investigated the stabilizing role of allochthonous aquatic resources on intraguild predation (IGP) and their consequences on shared prey in a terrestrial ecosystem. To this end, we manipulated the input of emergent aquatic insects (the allochthonous resources) from streams to land, and predation pressure by bats and birds (the top predators), in a multitrophic food web using an orthogonal exclusion experiment. Using stable isotope metrics, we found that bats, birds, and spiders (the mesopredators), were highly subsidized by emergent aquatic insects. Moreover, among terrestrial prey, top predators fed more on spiders than insects. As predicted, spiders were strongly affected by the presence of top predators when allochthonous resources were excluded. Consequently, in this scenario terrestrial insects were two times more abundant. Because spiders showed a higher preference for consuming aquatic resources, we suggest that nonconsumptive effects of spiders upon terrestrial insects could be mediating the strong response of those shared prey. We demonstrate that the input of allochthonous aquatic resources can play a fundamental role in stabilizing terrestrial trophic interactions and trophic cascades in riparian zones via decreasing predation pressure.
Reach‐scale bankfull channel types can exist independently of catchment hydrology
Authors: Byrne Colin F. , Pasternack Gregory B. , Guillon Hervé , Lane Belize A. , Sandoval‐Solis Samuel
Published: April 2020

Reach‐scale morphological channel classifications are underpinned by the theory that each channel type is related to an assemblage of reach‐ and catchment‐scale hydrologic, topographic, and sediment supply drivers. However, the relative importance of each driver on reach morphology is unclear, as is the possibility that different driver assemblages yield the same reach morphology. Reach‐scale classifications have never needed to be predicated on hydrology, yet hydrology controls discharge and thus sediment transport capacity. The scientific question is: do two or more regions with quantifiable differences in hydrologic setting end up with different reach‐scale channel types, or do channel types transcend hydrologic setting because hydrologic setting is not a dominant control at the reach scale? This study answered this question by isolating hydrologic metrics as potential dominant controls of channel type. Three steps were applied in a large test basin with diverse hydrologic settings (Sacramento River, California) to: (1) create a reach‐scale channel classification based on local site surveys, (2) categorize sites by flood magnitude, dimensionless flood magnitude, and annual hydrologic regime type, and (3) statistically analyze two hydrogeomorphic linkages. Statistical tests assessed the spatial distribution of channel types and the dependence of channel type morphological attributes by hydrologic setting. Results yielded 10 channel types. Nearly all types existed across all hydrologic settings, which is perhaps a surprising development for hydrogeomorphology. Downstream hydraulic geometry relationships were statistically significant. In addition, cobble‐dominated uniform streams showed a consistent inverse relationship between slope and dimensionless flood magnitude, an indication of dynamic equilibrium between transport capacity and sediment supply. However, most morphological attributes showed no sorting by hydrologic setting. This study suggests that median hydraulic geometry relations persist across basins and within channel types, but hydrologic influence on geomorphic variability is likely due to local influences rather than catchment‐scale drivers. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in white matter fiber density and morphology across the adult lifespan: A cross‐sectional fixel‐based analysis
Authors: Choy Shao Wei , Bagarinao Epifanio , Watanabe Hirohisa , Ho Eric Tatt Wei , Maesawa Satoshi , Mori Daisuke , Hara Kazuhiro , Kawabata Kazuya , Yoneyama Noritaka , Ohdake Reiko , Imai Kazunori , Masuda Michihito , Yokoi Takamasa , Ogura Aya , Taoka Toshiaki , Koyama Shuji , Tanabe Hiroki C. , Katsuno Masahisa , Wakabayashi Toshihiko , Kuzuya Masafumi , Hoshiyama Minoru , Isoda Haruo , Naganawa Shinji , Ozaki Norio , Sobue Gen
Published: April 2020

White matter (WM) fiber bundles change dynamically with age. These changes could be driven by alterations in axonal diameter, axonal density, and myelin content. In this study, we applied a novel fixel‐based analysis (FBA) framework to examine these changes throughout the adult lifespan. Using diffusion‐weighted images from a cohort of 293 healthy volunteers (89 males/204 females) from ages 21 to 86 years old, we performed FBA to analyze age‐related changes in microscopic fiber density (FD) and macroscopic fiber morphology (fiber cross section [FC]). Our results showed significant and widespread age‐related alterations in FD and FC across the whole brain. Interestingly, some fiber bundles such as the anterior thalamic radiation, corpus callosum, and superior longitudinal fasciculus only showed significant negative relationship with age in FD values, but not in FC. On the other hand, some segments of the cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical pathway only showed significant negative relationship with age in FC, but not in FD. Analysis at the tract‐level also showed that major fiber tract groups predominantly distributed in the frontal lobe (cingulum, forceps minor) exhibited greater vulnerability to the aging process than the others. Differences in FC and the combined measure of FD and cross section values observed between sexes were mostly driven by differences in brain sizes although male participants tended to exhibit steeper negative linear relationship with age in FD as compared to female participants. Overall, these findings provide further insights into the structural changes the brain's WM undergoes due to the aging process.