bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of post-processing methods of IMU MEMS cluster of autonomous navigation of ground transport systems
Authors: Sorokin Fedor , Kiselev Roman , Golovleva Alena
Published: January 2024

The work is devoted to the description of algorithms and schemes of blocks of sensitive elements (IMU MEMS cluster), applicable for navigation of ground autonomous systems. The work contains the principal description of schemes and methods applicable to a cluster consisting of 32 inertial navigation systems of rough accuracy and the study of the effectiveness of each method and each scheme by simulation mathematical modeling. 3 schematic diagrams of building an INS MEMS cluster consisting of 32 sensors are described. 3 methods of post-processing of excessive inertial information are described: the method of linear averaging, quadratic averaging and the method of interpolation. The mathematical regularities underlying each of the methods are described. A mathematical model is described that allows evaluating the effectiveness of postprocessing schemes and methods. Based on the mathematical model, conclusions are drawn about the operation of methods and schemes of the INS MEMS cluster of 32 sensors. Recommendations are given for choosing the scheme and methods of postprocessing redundant information when building a cluster solution.
Using digital twins to manage traffic flows
Authors: Shamlitsky Yaroslav , Aleksey Ovsyankin , Morozov Evgeny , Strekaleva Tatiana
Published: January 2024

This paper explores the use of digital twins for traffic flows. Explores how digital twins can be applied to effectively manage traffic flows, including improving road safety, optimizing vehicle flow, and improving overall transportation system performance. Discusses the various technologies used to create digital twins, as well as the methods and algorithms that can be used to analyze data and make decisions based on information obtained from digital twins. The article also discusses the potential benefits and challenges associated with the use of digital twins for traffic flows, as well as possible directions for future research. This article provides useful information and recommendations for professionals in the field of transport management and technology, as well as for solving problems in the field of traffic flows.
Estimated assessment of the power and geometric parameters of the caterpillar mover
Authors: Bazhukov Artem , Hoodorozhkov Sergey , Karnaukhov Andrey , Voinash Sergey , Sabitov Linar , Kiyamov Ilgam
Published: January 2024

The article proposes a method for calculating the tension forces in the free and working branches of the bypass, taking into account the deformation of the caterpillar and suspension hinges. Calculation schemes for determining the parameters of the running gear are given. The dependence of the geometry of the caterpillar bypass on these forces is determined, the feature of which is taking into account the change in the position of the machine body in height and angle of inclination, as well as the preload of the road wheels.
Determination of the appropriate option for the use of group trains
Authors: Mukovnina Natalia , Bondarenko Oksana
Published: January 2024

One of the target areas for the development of railway transport in modern conditions is to ensure the fulfillment of operational performance indicators that depend on the organization of the promotion of car flows. When determining the procedure for organizing car flows on the railway network, it is advisable to consider the existing features of the technical and operational characteristics of railway stations and sections, as well as the technology of their operation. The paper describes the procedure for determining the appropriate option for using group trains based on minimizing the costs that arise when organizing car flows into trains and their movement along the section.
The concept of determining the residual life of vehicle assemblies and components
Authors: Nuretdinov Damir , Galiyev Radik , Shvyriov Andrey , Khusainov Rail , Bedenko Iraida , Akhmadiev Almaz
Published: January 2024

Determining the residual life of vehicle assemblies and components is necessary to solve current problems of automobile transport: transition to maintenance (MOT) based on technical condition, development of a built-in diagnostic system, remote monitoring of the technical condition of vehicles. The improved design and high level of quality of modern cars would allow maintenance to be carried out more frequently than required by regulations. However, in order to make a decision on increasing the frequency, it is necessary to assess the actual technical condition of units and components and predict their residual life. Work is underway in the domestic automotive industry and abroad to create unmanned vehicles. In the absence of a driver, technical condition monitoring can only be performed using the built-in diagnostic system. The system must warn about the approaching limit state and take appropriate measures to prevent an emergency. The embedded system should be based on determining the current technical condition and estimating the remaining life using diagnostic parameters. One of the important tasks when assessing the technical condition and determining the residual life is to establish the relationship between structural and diagnostic parameters.
Socio-cultural factors of the evolution of the urban transport system
Authors: Shumilina Anastasiya , Antsiferova Nataliya
Published: January 2024

The sociocultural urban space of a modern city is undergoing some transformational changes due to the high level of population mobility. The daily need to develop urban space determines the importance of the transport system in sociocultural interactions, the participants of which value safety, confidentiality, and rationality. In realizing their purpose, urban transport structures not only operate with economic, social and communication resources, but also involve citizens in the process of organizing urban life. This research aims to study the socio-cultural factors in the evolution of the urban transport system by systematizing theoretical scientific concepts, comparative analysis of dynamic changes in the use of public transport and summarizing some gaps in transport infrastructure. Identification of the correlation between sociocultural factors, passenger needs and the quality of transport services determines the need to develop a communicative culture, maintain moral values and overcome sociocultural barriers, which will subsequently lead to a constructive transformation of the urban transport system.
Analyzing and forecasting road traffic accidents and their consequences: a case study of the Udmurt republic
Authors: Vologdin Sergey , Kasatkina Ekaterina , Kasatkin Alexander
Published: January 2024

The article addresses the issue of road traffic accidents and their impact on population mortality and socio-economic processes in the region. Attention is given to the tasks of accident prediction and the assessment of the severity of their consequences. The dynamics of road accidents and their consequences in Udmurt Republic are analyzed using time series. The research reveals variations in the number of accidents over different time periods and seasonal fluctuations. Econometric models are constructed to predict the number of accidents and the severity of their consequences. These models take into account seasonal components, trends, and autoregressive processes. The forecasts for the number of accidents and their severity enable the development of measures for traffic management and road safety.
The role of transport in export development of fuel and energy complex
Authors: Leokumovich Natalya , Kriklevskaya Larisa , Mikhaylova Elena , Kuklina Olga , Pecherina Alexandra
Published: January 2024

The development of transport infrastructure is becoming a strategic priority for Russian fuel and energy complex development in aspect of increasing its competitive ability on the world stage. The transport industry is not only the leading consumer of fuel and energy products, it is the most important condition for an effective functioning of fuel and energy complex, participate at all stages of manufacture, starting from mining and ending with the delivery of fuel and energy products to the consumer. The research includes the state of national fuel and energy complex over the past decade, current trends and forecast of development based on power function. The research also includes the role of certain types of transport in the functioning of the fuel and energy complex. The export component analysis of national fuel and energy complex development was done with condition of sanctions restrictions on oil, gas and coal supply, and reorientation of logistic flows to the Asia-Pacific countries.
IGBT Based Four Quadrant Chopper Drive Closed Loop Control for DC
Authors: Santhosh K. , Sree Jyothi Khammapati R. , Anusha D. , Rajkumar Bhukya , Venu Enuganti , Jagadish V.
Published: January 2024

These manuscripts present a closed-loop IGBT-based fourquadrant chopper drive system for DC motors. This paper intends to improve DC motor control’s accuracy, effectiveness, and adaptability in a variety of applications. In this paper, we build and put into practice a closed-loop control system that incorporates IGBT in order to manage the speed and torque of DC motors in both directions. A feedback system with sensors for measuring motor speed and current is used in the closed-loop control scheme to ensure perfect regulation of motor parameters. The IGBT-based chopper drive architecture allows for smooth switching between forward and reverse motor operation as well as dynamic braking, making it appropriate for applications requiring four-quadrant operation. The main benefits of our suggested system are greater motor protection through fault detection and quick responses to external disturbances, improved speed and torque management, and lower energy consumption. We show experimental data that demonstrate our design’s capacity to maintain stable motor functioning across a variety of operating situations, validating its usefulness in real-world applications. The presented system simulation result is verified in MATLAB/Simulink software. The demonstrated results are motor speed, torque, current and voltage.
Study of Machine Learning Algorithms on Early Detection of Leukemia
Authors: Ramesh Guguloth , Thouti Swapna
Published: January 2024

Leukemia is a type of cancer that impacts the blood cells and the bone marrow it can be classified into acute and chronic. Early detection is crucial for reducing mortality rates. Acute leukemia progresses rapidly, causing bleeding issues, infections, and anemia due to premature of white blood cells accumulating blood vessels in bone marrow. Chronic leukemia advances slower, leading to an aggregation of abnormal cells. Detecting leukemia more effectively and accurately, automated and machine learning algorithms are being developed. Training algorithms on extensive blood smear images datasets allow these methods to differentiate normal cells from abnormal ones. With faster and more standardized detection of leukemia, medical pathologist can make more informed decisions. While machine learning algorithms may improve detection, skilled healthcare professionals remain essential for interpreting results and providing optimal patient care. The proposed model give a demonstration of a convolutional neural network (CNN) and TensorFlow framework, this method predicts leukemia cells from healthy blood samples this technique has gained popularity as a valuable tool for diagnosing leukemia as well as treating its accuracy of 92.62%. The second approach is that to classify large dataset images of the malignant cells from the normal cells, we employ a VGG19, a ResNet50, and a ResNet101 neural network, as well as batch normalization of the images achieved better accuracy and F1-score.
Thermally Stable Monoruthenium Acetylide Radical Species
Authors: Tanaka Yuya , Akita Munetaka , Yashiro Atsushi
Published: January 2024

Control of radical reactivity is regarded as an important concern in the fields of catalysis and materials sciences. Radical species generated from monoruthenium acetylide complexes are, in general, highly reactive, and therefore structural characterization of these species has remained elusive. In this paper, a spectroscopic and structural characterization of the cationic radical species of a monoruthenium diacetylide bearing a Ru tetraphosphine fragment, [trans-(Ar–SC≡C)2Ru(dppe)2]SbCl6 ([1]+SbCl6) [Ar: p-t-BuC6H4; dppe: 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane], is presented. The formation of the radical species [1]+ is supported by the vis-NIR, IR, and ESR studies. Furthermore, the solid-state structure of [1]+ reveals a significant contribution of the cumulenic Ru=C=C=S resonance structure. Remarkably, the thermal stability of [1]+ results from the incorporation of the electron-donating (arylsulfanyl)ethynyl ligands and the highly sterically demanding dppe ligands as compared with a monoruthenium complex with less-bulky and less-electron-rich derivatives.
Reducing carbon emissions through green renewal: insights from residential energy consumption in Chinese urban inventory districts from an evidence-based decision-making perspective
Authors: Guo Yuchen , Zhang Ze
Published: January 2024

The green regeneration of urban inventory is now much more viewed as a strategy to create “green finance”, in contrast to the urban renewal movement that was started in the 1950s and focused on the physical renovation of the built environment. This study draws on evidence-based theory to examine the spatial forms of residential communities in 36 urban districts of China. From a morphological perspective, it summarizes the spatial forms of residential environments at the level of buildings and microdistricts. The results indicate that in urban areas, the aspect ratio and shape coefficient of residential buildings have a significant impact on household energy consumption, and an appropriate increase in building density will help reduce carbon emissions. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the role of carbon reduction as a kind of “green finance” and provides a reference for subsequent urban renewal decisions in combination with China’s actual cases.
Digital competence in adolescents and young adults: a critical analysis of concomitant variables, methodologies and intervention strategies
Authors: Kreuder Annika , Frick Ulrich , Rakoczy Katrin , Schlittmeier Sabine J.
Published: January 2024

Digital competence (DC) has received increased attention in society, politics and research in recent years. A particular emphasis has been placed on the importance of empowering adolescents and young adults to become digitally competent and sovereign adults, and that this should be achieved, for example, with the help of educational learning approaches. To provide an overview of research trends in this field, we conducted a scoping review and critical analysis of relevant literature on 15–25-year-olds’ DC, determining factors and consequences under research, methodological preferences and evaluated intervention strategies. Both descriptive techniques and quantitative classification methods (latent class and latent profile analyses) were used in summarising the state of the art. After screening 3605 scientific articles, two samples were further investigated: 230 articles on young people’s overall DC and a subsample thereof covering 20 articles on intervention studies. There were four major findings: (1) Contrary to wide-spread expectations, the number of relevant publications on adolescents’ DC displayed a flatter increase than the total growth of articles in the field. (2) A latent class analysis over concomitant variables revealed three subgroups of articles addressing study-specific, educational or so-called digital divide variables. Notably, little attention could be observed with respect to developmental aspects, including psychosocial variables, despite their critical importance for this age cohort. (3) A second classification of articles’ research designs and methodological foci yielded three latent profiles: university students’ DC level, secondary research on secondary students and DC as a predictor in university contexts. (4) Though most articles emphasised the importance of empowering young people in a digital world, only a few scientifically examined intervention concepts could be found, and these were extremely heterogeneous. We conclude that research on young people’s DC, especially that related to fostering their digital abilities, should be intensified.
Integration of social and cultural dimensions in the assessment of environmental flows: case of the Ouémé delta in West Africa
Authors: Sossa Fidèle , Djihouessi Metogbe Belfrid , Tasso Florent B. , Kouaro Monique Ouassa
Published: January 2024

The use of environmental flows as a technique for the diagnosis and sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems in West Africa is relatively new and cautious, despite being broadly implemented for many years in Western countries and Southern Africa. The present study, the first to evaluate the environmental flows in Benin, concentrates on the deltaic region of the Ouémé River. The assessment utilises the Building Block Methodology approach, and incorporates ecological, socio-cultural, and religious dimensions. The assessment focuses on the alterations in river flows and the impact on local communities’ livelihoods, beliefs, and cultural and religious practices. The results indicate that the population of the Ouémé Delta are significantly impacted by changes in the river’s flow. Indeed, floods play a crucial role in people’s daily routines and livelihoods, while a significant decrease in river flow results in economic instability. Moreover, there is a strong link between specific religious customs in the area and the river’s flow. To maintain the current provisioning, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services in the Ouémé delta, The study recommended to allocate 100% of the River Ouémé’s natural flow during low-water periods (December to May) and 50% of the natural flow during high-water periods (June to November). This allocation ensures that the environment’s water needs are met and will contribute to preserve the Ouémé delta’s ecosystem, ensuring the sustainability of its ecological habitats and biodiversity. However, the implementation of these recommendations would require more debate and a real consensus on the priority between development and environment.
Unveiling narratives: representation of same-sex love in bollywood films
Authors: V Prasitha , G Bhuvaneswari
Published: January 2024

The cultural history of India has been ignorant of various sexual orientations and gender identities leaving LGBTQIA+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, Asexual) community with a life of guilt and shame. Visual Media plays a key role in shaping society’s opinion of LGBTQIA+ people and individuals who come to terms with their gender and sexuality at a particular phase of their lives. The representation of homosexual characters is constantly diversified in Bollywood, and the change is evident from being caricatured and even scorned to being shown as prominent protagonists. The growing visibility and the positive portrayal of homosexual characters in Bollywood help to create a more inclusive society. This paper focuses on the select Bollywood films, Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga (2019) by Shelly Chopra Dhar and Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan (2020) by Hitesh Kewalya. The paper analyses the visual elements in select films and their role in shaping the portrayal of homosexuality within the narrative. The paper also reads the chosen films through the lens of familial resistance to same-sex relationships. By analysing the select films, the paper concludes that, though prior Bollywood films have explored the theme of individuals disclosing their sexual identity to their families, the primary narrative focus is not on seeking acceptance from their family members. Thus, the unique emphasis on seeking acceptance and understanding between family members and homosexual individuals set the select films as exceptional narratives within the context of Bollywood’s portrayal of homosexuality.
Onset of glassiness in two-dimensional ring polymers: Interplay of stiffness and crowding
Authors: Ghosh Sayantan , Vemparala Satyavani , Chaudhuri Pinaki
Published: January 2024

The effect of ring stiffness and pressure on the glassy dynamics of a thermal assembly of two-dimensional ring polymers is investigated using extensive coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. In all cases, dynamical slowing down is observed with increasing pressure, and thereby, a phase space for equilibrium dynamics is identified in the plane of the obtained monomer density and ring stiffness. When the rings are highly flexible, i.e., have low ring stiffness, glassiness sets in via the crowding of crumpled polymers, which take on a globular form. In contrast, at large ring stiffness, when the rings tend to have large asphericity under compaction, we observe the emergence of local domains having orientational ordering at high pressures. Therefore, our simulations highlight how varying the deformability of rings leads to contrasting mechanisms in driving the system toward the glassy regime.
Feedthrough effect in MEMS gyroscopes and fully differential feedthrough cancellation method
Authors: Wu Yuting , Fan Chongyang , Gu Liutao , Liu Minqian , Wu Xiaosheng , Cui Feng
Published: January 2024

In the operation of MEMS gyroscopes, the feedthrough signal is inevitably introduced through the feedthrough capacitance and significantly affects the performance of MEMS gyroscopes. The common feedthrough cancellation methods highly depend on the microfabrication process and the structural symmetry of MEMS gyroscopes, which cannot effectively eliminate the feedthrough signal. In order to solve this problem, a new feedthrough cancellation method based on a fully differential configuration is proposed in this paper. The influence of the feedthrough effect is analyzed by establishing an equivalent circuit model including the feedthrough capacitance and described by the admittance diagram. Different drive and detection configurations are compared for the problem of feedthrough mismatch on different paths. Based on the theoretical analysis, a fully differential feedthrough cancellation scheme combined with two inverse feedthrough cancellation circuits is proposed. The deviation of feedthrough signal caused by the asymmetry of two differential paths can be adjusted by the two inverse feedthrough cancellation circuits. The fully differential configuration can further increase the drive force and suppress the common mode errors. The experimental results indicate that the feedthrough signal is suppressed in a large degree by the designed feedthrough cancellation method. The feedthrough level is reduced by 50.53 dB, and the amplitude of the effective signal increases from 4.10 to 9.46 dB. The signal-to-noise ratio has an improvement of 212.48% than that before feedthrough cancellation. The proposed feedthrough cancellation method can significantly reduce the interference of feedthrough signals on the effective signal, effectively improving the signal quality of MEMS gyroscopes.
Investigation of magnetic hysteresis in biased Ta/Pt/Co/FeMn/Ta antidots: Influence of structural dimensions
Authors: Fettar F. , Cagnon L. , Barral D. , David P. , Naudin L. , Blondelle F. , Gay F.
Published: January 2024

There exists a controversy in the literature concerning the values of coercive and bias fields in antidots magnetic structures formed by a hexagonal network of nanoholes. The coercive fields (HC) and the exchange bias fields (∣HEXC∣) for antidots (deposited on ultrathin anodic aluminum oxide, namely, AAO) are either increased or diminished by comparison with the same magnetic nanostructures grown on continuous substrates (namely, CML). We propose to elucidate these debates by showing the importance of the easy axis of the magnetization, the direction of the applied magnetic field, the thicknesses of the layers, and the 3D-topology of nanoholes, as well as the magnetic and thermal history of the magnetic measurements. Here, biased Ta(5 nm)/Pt(5 nm)/Co(0.6 nm)/Fe50Mn50(X)/Ta(5 nm) antidots are investigated by extraordinary Hall effect measurements at 5 K, where X varies in the (0–5.5) nm range. The substrate consists in a hexagonal array of holes, described by the pair of (p,d) values, respectively, the period as the distance from center to center of two consecutive holes and the hole diameter. The dimensions of antidots are (p≈100 and d≈40 nm) for X=(2–5.5) nm, (p≈150 and d≈60 nm) for X=3.5 nm, and (p≈100 and d≈60 nm) for X=0. A continuous stack using Si/SiO2(100 nm) is used for comparison. HC and ∣HEXC∣ gradually increase when X is enhanced for both substrates, with nevertheless a weak decrease at high X for the continuous system. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is only observed for both unbiased samples, the X=2 nm continuous sample, and both X=5 nm samples that have undergone field cooling treatment from 500 to 5 K under −2 T. Usually, HC(AAO)>HC(CML), ∣HEXC(AAO)∣>∣HEXC(CML)∣, and ∣HA(AAO)∣<∣HA(CML)∣ (HA designating the anisotropy field). However, for certain conditions, as, for instance, for FC-procedures starting from high temperatures and/or strong magnetic field, other situations might be observed. A discussion pertaining to the amplitudes of HC, ∣HEXC∣ and the anisotropy field (∣HA∣) of continuous and discontinuous samples is given for our experimental results as well as for published data in the literature, in the light of structural characteristics (wedge-to-wedge distance, porosity, or coverage ratio). Such biased perpendicular antidots might be particularly used in specific nanomaterials devoted to spintronics.
A story of two transitions: From adhesive to abrasive wear and from ductile to brittle regime
Authors: Wattel S. Z. , Molinari J.-F.
Published: January 2024

Atomistic simulations performed with a family of model potential with tunable hardness have proven to be a great tool for advancing the understanding of wear processes at the asperity level. They have been instrumental in finding a critical length scale, which governs the ductile to brittle transition in adhesive wear, and further helped in the understanding of the relation between tangential work and wear rate or how self-affine surfaces emerge in three-body wear. However, so far, the studies were mostly limited to adhesive wear processes where the two surfaces in contact are composed of the same material. Here, we propose to study the transition from adhesive to abrasive wear by introducing a contrast of hardness between the contacting surfaces. Two wear processes emerge: one by gradual accretion of the third body by detachment of chips from both surfaces and the other being a more erratic mixed process involving large deformation of the third body and removal of large pieces from the soft surface. The critical length scale was found to be a good predictor of the ductile to brittle transition between both processes. Furthermore, the wear coefficients and wear ratios of soft and hard surfaces were found to be consistent with experimental observations. The wear particle is composed of many concentric layers, an onion-like structure, resulting from the gradual accretion of matter from both surfaces. The distribution of sizes of these layers was studied, and it appears that the cumulative distribution of hard surface’s chip sizes follows a power law.
Probing the thermal resistance of solid–liquid interfaces in nanofluids with molecular dynamics
Authors: Carrillo-Berdugo Iván , Navas Javier , Grau-Crespo Ricardo
Published: January 2024

The significance of interfacial thermal resistance in the thermal conductivity of nanofluids is not well understood, in part because of the absence of measurements of this quantity. Here, we study the interfacial thermal resistance for metal–oil nanofluids of interest as heat transfer fluids for concentrating solar power, using density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. Insights on the role of chemical interactions in determining the interfacial thermal resistance are revealed. The results presented here showcase a general picture in which the stronger the chemical interactions between species at the interface, the lower the associated interfacial thermal resistance. The implications toward nanofluid design are discussed. We show that, for this important family of metal–oil nanofluids, the interfacial thermal resistance values are low enough so that it is possible to afford a reduction in particle size, minimizing stability and rheological issues while still offering enhancement in the effective thermal conductivity with respect to the base fluid.
Reverse-bias current hysteresis at low temperature in GaN Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Orfao B. , Abou Daher M. , Peña R. A. , Vasallo B. G. , Pérez S. , Íñiguez-de-la-Torre I. , Paz-Martínez G. , Mateos J. , Roelens Y. , Zaknoune M. , González T.
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we report an analysis of reverse current mechanisms observed in GaN Schottky barrier diodes leading to hysteretic behavior of the I–V curves at low temperature. By means of DC measurements from 33 to 475 K, we demonstrate the presence of two leakage mechanisms when comparing the experiments with the results obtained using a unified model to predict the ideal reverse current of the diode. Poole–Frenkel emission is the dominant mechanism for temperatures above 200 K, while trap-assisted tunneling prevails for lower temperatures, where also, hysteresis cycles are revealed by means of DC dual-sweep voltage measurements. The energy of the corresponding traps has also been determined, being around 0.2 and 0.45 eV, respectively. The hysteresis phenomenon is attributed to the bias-induced occupancy of the energy states originating the leakage-current processes, which leads to the reduction of the reverse current after a high negative voltage is applied to the diode.
Metal–organic-framework derived NiS2/C hollow structures for enhanced polysulfide redox kinetics in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Cao Jiaming , Usman Muhammad , Jia Pengfei , Tao Chengzhou , Zhang Xuezhi , Wang Lina , Liu Tainxi
Published: January 2024

To cope with the shuttling of soluble lithium polysulfides in lithium–sulfur batteries, confinement tactics, such as trapping of sulfur within porous carbon structures, have been extensively studied. Although performance has improved a bit, the slow polysulfide conversion inducing fast capacity decay remains a big challenge. Herein, a NiS2/carbon (NiS2/C) composite with NiS2 nanoparticles embedded in a thin layer of carbon over the surface of micro-sized hollow structures has been prepared from Ni-metal–organic frameworks. These unique structures can physically entrap sulfur species and also influence their redox conversion kinetics. By improving the reaction kinetics of polysulfides, the NiS2/carbon@sulfur (NiS2/C@S) composite cathode with a suppressed shuttle effect shows a high columbic efficiency and decent rate performance. An initial capacity of 900 mAh g−1 at the rate of 1 C (1 C = 1675 mA g−1) and a low-capacity decline rate of 0.132% per cycle after 500 cycles are obtained, suggesting that this work provides a rational design of a sulfur cathode.
Development of a machine learning finite-range nonlocal density functional
Authors: Chen Zehua , Yang Weitao
Published: January 2024

Kohn–Sham density functional theory has been the most popular method in electronic structure calculations. To fulfill the increasing accuracy requirements, new approximate functionals are needed to address key issues in existing approximations. It is well known that nonlocal components are crucial. Current nonlocal functionals mostly require orbital dependence such as in Hartree–Fock exchange and many-body perturbation correlation energy, which, however, leads to higher computational costs. Deviating from this pathway, we describe functional nonlocality in a new approach. By partitioning the total density to atom-centered local densities, a many-body expansion is proposed. This many-body expansion can be truncated at one-body contributions, if a base functional is used and an energy correction is approximated. The contribution from each atom-centered local density is a single finite-range nonlocal functional that is universal for all atoms. We then use machine learning to develop this universal atom-centered functional. Parameters in this functional are determined by fitting to data that are produced by high-level theories. Extensive tests on several different test sets, which include reaction energies, reaction barrier heights, and non-covalent interaction energies, show that the new functional, with only the density as the basic variable, can produce results comparable to the best-performing double-hybrid functionals, (for example, for the thermochemistry test set selected from the GMTKN55 database, BLYP based machine learning functional gives a weighted total mean absolute deviations of 3.33 kcal/mol, while DSD-BLYP-D3(BJ) gives 3.28 kcal/mol) with a lower computational cost. This opens a new pathway to nonlocal functional development and applications.
Resonant periodic structures for strong attenuation of surface water wave
Authors: Zhang Haicheng , Jin Huaqing , Zheng Siming , Xu Daolin
Published: January 2024

Inspired by the local resonance mechanism, a resonant periodic structure (RS) constructed by an array of periodic floating oscillators is proposed for enhancing surface water wave attenuation. A hybrid frequency domain method is introduced for solving the linear or nonlinear initial-boundary value mixing problem. The numerical results show that the RS has a superior suppression effect on the propagation of waves in comparison with the Bragg periodic structure (BS) of the same scale. The incoming waves across the spectrum are substantially reduced by RS through the inverse propagation of radiation waves induced by the wave-driven oscillators. Furthermore, to achieve a better attenuation effect, a nonlinear resonant periodic structure which the periodic oscillators are integrated with the nonlinear stiffness mechanism (NSM) is proposed based on the idea of reducing equivalent stiffness. The motions of oscillators are regulated by the NSM, and the attenuation effect is further improved due to the modified radiation wave. The concept and results presented herein may provide forward-looking technical guidance for future coastal protection.
Nonlinear compact thermal modeling of self-adaptability for GaN high-electron-mobility-transistors using Gaussian process predictor and ensemble Kalman filter
Authors: Hua Yuchao , Luo Lingai , Le Corre Steven , Fan Yilin
Published: January 2024

Thermal issue has been regarded as one of the bottlenecks for GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) performance and reliability, which highlights the importance of accurate thermal modeling. In the present work, we propose a GP (Gaussian process)-resistor–capacitor compact thermal model integrated with the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to handle the nonlinear problems attributed to the temperature-dependent properties of GaN HEMTs under large-signal working conditions. The GP predictor is employed for the nonlinear correction term, with strong ability and extendibility to characterize various temperature-dependent relations resulting from different design configurations and materials. The model is identified via the EnKFs by inputting a sequence of channel temperature oscillations induced by imposing a large-signal continuous wave heating source to the device. Furthermore, an adaptation mode is devised for the in situ and timely update of the model parameters to adapt to the thermal variability of GaN devices, avoiding storing a large amount of historical data and repeated offline regressions. The validation of our modeling scheme is conducted through the case study on GaN-on-SiC HEMT’s detailed 3D finite element method simulations.
High-performance photodetector based on quasi-two-dimensional Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite PEA2FA2Pb3Br10 film
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Chen , Wei Xiaoyan , Huang Yexiong , Wu Daofu , Lai Jun'an , Pi Mingyu , Luo Linbao , Tang Xiaosheng
Published: January 2024

For next-generation Internet-of-Everything applications, such as artificial neural-network image sensors, artificial retina, visible light communication, flexible devices, and so on, the photodetectors with excellent properties are urgently demanded. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) material-based photodetectors have been developed and certified for remarkable performances. Nonetheless, it cannot meet the need of wide linear dynamic range, ultralow dark current, and large on/off ratio, which are critical factors for commercial applications. Recently, quasi-2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites are explored and developed as well-known photovoltaic and optoelectronic materials. Herein, an excellent photodetector based on quasi-2D RP layered perovskite PEA2FA2Pb3Br10 film was fabricated. The photodetector displays an ultralow dark current of 4.08 × 10−11 A, high specific detectivity of 1.69 × 1010 Jones, high on/off ratio of 7.33 × 103, and fast rise/fall times of 32/38 ms, attributed to its multiple quantum wells in PEA2FA2Pb3Br10. Therefore, the photodetectors based on quasi-2D RP perovskite PEA2FA2Pb3Br10 have immense potentials in the field of optoelectronics.
Foreword to the Special Issue on ‘Fertility control for wildlife in the 21st century’
Authors: Asa Cheryl S. , Boyles Griffin Stephanie L. , Eckery Douglas , Hinds Lyn A. , Massei Giovanna
Published: January 2024

The economic and environmental impacts of wildlife are increasing in parallel with renewed public interest in non-lethal methods, such as fertility control, to manage these impacts. The Wildlife Research 2008 Special Issue on Fertility Control for Wildlife (Vol. 35) published following the 6th International Conference on Fertility Control for Wildlife held in 2007 in York, United Kingdom, reported studies on the effects of contraceptives on individual animals and populations, with most papers focusing on ungulates. In the past 15 years, significant progress has been made in developing novel contraceptives for wildlife and in designing methods to deliver these agents. Concurrently, the general debate on wildlife management has widened to include public attitudes and perceptions of novel and traditional methods, animal welfare issues, costs, feasibility, and regulatory and ethical issues. These developments have broadened our understanding of contexts and species for which fertility control could be employed, either as a stand-alone method or to complement other population management options. These topics were reflected in the presentations given at the 9th International Conference on Wildlife Fertility Control, held in Colorado Springs (USA) in 2022. Here, we introduce a special issue featuring selected presentations from the 2022 conference. These studies showcase the wide spectrum of topics that covered novel contraceptives tested on several species, ranging from mice to elephants. They also illustrate new methods to deliver contraceptives, models on the impact of fertility control on populations, feasibility, cost of practical applications of fertility control, discussions on animal welfare and human dimension of these approaches.
Michael Halliday
Authors: Tsui Amy B. M.
Published: January 2024

It is a huge honour and an immense privilege to contribute to this special issue on Michael Halliday’s hitherto unpublished work, “Exploring the ‘language’ part of language education”, not least because the paper was conceptualised in response to what he had observed over a period of three years (1997–2000) as External Examiner for the B.Ed. (Language Education) programme from 1997–2000 at my university – the University of Hong Kong. In this short piece, I will provide the context for Halliday’s paper, which may help readers to better understand the motivation that inspired it and his frequent reference to the Hong Kong situation. I will also draw on the comments he made in his examiner’s reports that are in a way precursors to the expositions in this paper.1
,
2 I will end with my personal reflection on the significance of the paper not only for teacher education but also for education.
Exploring the “language” part of language education
Authors: Halliday M. A. K. , Williams Geoff
Published: January 2024

This paper is based on a series of lectures Halliday presented in the Faculty of Education, University of Hong
Kong in 2005. As Amy Tsui indicates in her companion paper in this issue, it was to have been the first chapter in a book that
would also include chapters by other scholars discussing the educational use of some of Halliday’s theoretical and practical
proposals, but for various reasons the book did not eventuate. (See also the first sentence of the paper.) One distinctive feature
of the paper is its reach over a very large range of concepts in Halliday’s theory. Another is its accessibility for educators
looking to find a general introduction to aspects of systemic functional linguistic theory relevant to education. The final
section illustrates the analytical use of the theory in various educational contexts through examples of discourse analyses.1
A response to “A theory of educational linguistics”
Authors: Kress Gunther , Williams Geoff
Published: January 2024

Kress used the opportunity of responding to Halliday’s paper (see the preceding paper in this issue) to advance ideas
which have subsequently been foundational to work in multimodality within the general theoretical of social semiotics.1
Notch2 with retinoic acid license IL-23 expression by intestinal EpCAM+ DCIR2+ cDC2s in mice
Authors: Ohara Daiya , Takeuchi Yusuke , Watanabe Hitomi , Lee Yoonha , Mukoyama Hiroki , Ohteki Toshiaki , Kondoh Gen , Hirota Keiji
Published: January 2024

Despite the importance of IL-23 in mucosal host defense and disease pathogenesis, the mechanisms regulating the development of IL-23–producing mononuclear phagocytes remain poorly understood. Here, we employed an Il23aVenus reporter strain to investigate the developmental identity and functional regulation of IL-23–producing cells. We showed that flagellin stimulation or Citrobacter rodentium infection led to robust induction of IL-23–producing EpCAM+ DCIR2+ CD103− cDC2s, termed cDCIL23, which was confined to gut-associated lymphoid tissues, including the mesenteric lymph nodes, cryptopatches, and isolated lymphoid follicles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Notch2 signaling was crucial for the development of EpCAM+ DCIR2+ cDC2s, and the combination of Notch2 signaling with retinoic acid signaling controlled their terminal differentiation into cDCIL23, supporting a two-step model for the development of gut cDCIL23. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the developmental pathways and cellular dynamics of IL-23–producing cDC2s at steady state and during pathogen infection.
Cyclic voltammetry signal analyses for equivalent electric circuits consisting of multiple resistors and capacitors
Authors: Wong Ten It , Zhou Xiaodong
Published: January 2024

An equivalent circuit is a combination of resistors, capacitors, inductors, Warburg impedance, and constant phase elements, which are widely measured and analyzed to understand the electrochemical (EC) properties of materials such as batteries, thin films, or corrosion. An equivalent electric circuit is also built as different dummy cells to evaluate the measurement accuracy of EC instruments with key detection modes, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Dummy cell signals for EIS can be easily understood and simulated by existing EIS signal analysis software, while dummy cell signals for CV curves have no simulation formula so far. When using dummy cells for CV tests, users can only observe if the CV curves obtained seem to be correct, which impairs the accuracy and efficiency of quality as well as the ability to confirm the functionality of an EC instrument. In this study, we conducted CV signal analyses on five cases of equivalent circuits consisting of multiple resistors and capacitors, with their correctness verified by dummy cell experiments using two different potentiostats. Based on the measured CV signals, we further demonstrated a data process method to evaluate the performance of a potentiostat quantitatively and automatically. This study enables researchers to calculate CV curves of resistors and capacitors formed by EC equivalent circuits, and provides a quantitative method to verify whether an EC instrument is functioning well.
Contribution of BDS-3 observations to the precise orbit determination of LEO satellites: a case study of TJU-01
Authors: Wei Kai , Li Min , Xu Tianhe , Wang Dixing , Shi Yali , Yang Honglei , Dai Xiaoji
Published: January 2024

The precise orbit determination (POD) of scientific low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites is a prerequisite for the successful implementation of scientific missions. In recent years, global navigation satellite systems have become the main means of determining the orbits of LEO satellites. The global navigation satellite system receiver onboard the Tianjin University No. 1 (TJU-01) satellite receives both GPS and BDS-2/3 signals, with the addition of BDS-2/3 observations playing an important role in improving the POD of LEO satellites. This study comprehensively analyzes the spaceborne GPS/BDS data quality, including BDS-2/3 and GPS code multipath errors. Appreciable code multipath errors are found for the B1I signal of BDS-2 medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites at elevations higher than 40°, whereas slight near-field relevant multipath errors of both frequencies are found for GPS and BDS-3 MEO satellites. The GPS and BDS-2/3 code multipath errors are estimated through elevation/azimuth-relevant piece-wise modeling and applied in the POD calculations. Several schemes, namely GPS-based, BDS-based, BDS-based without geo-synchronous (GEO) satellites, and GPS/BDS combined schemes, are designed to evaluate the POD performance. Fourteen days of data are calculated and the average three-dimensional (3D) orbital root mean square (RMS) of orbit overlapping differences obtained from GPS-based and BDS-based POD (without GEO satellites) solutions are 37.4 and 27.1 mm, respectively. The BDS-based solutions are obviously better than the GPS-based solutions, mainly owing to better data availability. The GPS/BDS combined solutions have the best accuracy, with a 3D RMS value of 20.6 mm. In addition, when BDS GEO satellites are included, the 3D RMS of the overlapping orbit differences reduces to 32.9 and 27.4 mm for BDS-based and GPS/BDS combined solutions, respectively. Double-difference (DD) and single-difference (SD) integer ambiguity resolution (IAR) are adopted to further improve the POD performance. The fixed orbit of the TJU-01 satellite is solved through DD IAR and SD IAR, and the contribution of the TJU-01 satellite to ambiguity fixing is analyzed. Relative to the float solution, the improvements made using the two ambiguity fixing approaches are equivalent, both being approximately 13%. The importance of this research is not only the precise determination of the orbit of TJU-01 for occultation service but also the demonstration of the contribution of BDS observations to the performance of the POD of LEO satellites.
Global well-posedness and asymptotic behavior in critical spaces for the compressible Euler system with velocity alignment
Authors: Bai Xiang , Miao Qianyun , Tan Changhui , Xue Liutang
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem of the compressible Euler system with strongly singular velocity alignment. We prove the existence and uniqueness of global solutions in critical Besov spaces to the considered system with small initial data. The local-in-time solvability is also addressed. Moreover, we show the large-time asymptotic behaviour and optimal decay estimates of the solutions as

t
→
∞

.