bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revised Attentional Fixation on Suicide Experiences Questionnaire and its relationship with suicidal ideation and behavior: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mandel Abby Adler , Revzina Olga , Jessani Zohaib , Brown Gregory K.
Published: July 2022

Introduction

The Attentional Fixation on Suicide Experiences Questionnaire (AFSEQ) was developed to measure attentional fixation on suicide, a cognitive process characterized by a preoccupation with suicide as a solution. This study investigated a revised version (AFSEQ‐R) and examined differences between those who made a recent suicide attempt and those with suicidal ideation (SI).

Method

Participants were 57 inpatients who attempted suicide within 14 days of study participation and 57 inpatients who presented with SI but no suicidal behavior within the past year. Analyses examined the internal reliability, multidimensionality, and construct validity of the AFSEQ‐R, and whether attentional fixation moderated the correlation between SI and attempt status.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two‐factor structure, and subscale and total scores demonstrated excellent internal consistency. Cognitive Stuckness (and total score) correlated with SI, anxiety, impulsivity, and specific problem‐solving deficits, while Cognitive Dysfunction correlated with anxiety and acted as a moderator of the correlation between Stuckness and SI. AFSEQ‐R scores did not moderate the relationship between SI and attempt status.

Conclusion

AFSEQ‐R is a psychometrically sound and valid measure of attentional fixation. Attentional fixation on suicide is correlated with SI, and prospective studies are needed to uncover its directional effect on suicidal crises.
Patient ABO blood type is a major predictor of a positive DAT following a transfusion reaction
Authors: Schnieders Eric , Leon Judith , Chapman James M. , Knudson C. Michael
Published: July 2022

Background

A direct antiglobulin test (DAT) checks for antibody or complement on the surface of RBCs and is often done following a transfusion reaction. While passive anti‐A and anti‐B antibodies are known to cause positive DATs, the extent this occurs following transfusion is unknown.

Study Design and Methods

DAT results, ABO type, eluate information, and blood product information were recorded on 1097 transfusion reactions at a large academic hospital over 8 years. The effect of patient blood type, product type, and plasma compatibility of blood product transfused on DAT results were determined. Statistical significance was determined using Chi‐squared testing.

Results

Patient ABO blood type was a strong predictor of a positive DAT, with type O patients having 6.7% positive rate and non‐O patients having a positive rate of 20.6% (p < .0001). Plasma compatibility of the product was a strong predictor of a positive DAT, with plasma compatible transfusions having a 9.4% positive rate while plasma incompatible transfusions were positive 44% of the time (p < .0001). Elution studies found that anti‐A/B antibodies were the most common antibody identified. Platelets were more likely to be associated with a positive DAT when compared with RBC transfusions (p < .05).

Conclusions

These results demonstrate the patient ABO type and plasma incompatibility are strong predictors of positive DAT results following a transfusion reaction. Anti‐A and anti‐B antibodies are estimated to account for about 50% of positive DATs in this study.
¿Es necesario el testigo de acreditación para la prueba documental en el proceso penal colombiano?
Authors: Pérez Alarcón Carlos Andrés
Published: July 2022

Actualmente, en Colombia, los juicios penales son demorados, en gran medida por la exigencia de un testigo de acreditación para la incorporación de la prueba documental. Aquí se abordan algunas razones por las que un testigo con ese enfoque resulta innecesario en la mayoría de los casos; entre ellas: (i) en Colombia no se reglamentó la figura del juicio por jurado; (ii) el carácter representativo de la prueba documental permite advertir con facilidad el origen o su autor; (iii) los documentos representativos, salvo los que son tema u objeto de prueba, no requieren sometimiento al sistema de cadena de custodia; y (iv) existe una precisa reglamentación de la presunción de autenticidad para los documentos. Bajo estos lineamientos, la autenticación de los documentos pasa de ser un problema de admisibilidad a uno de valoración probatoria.
Safety Analysis and Experimental Research on the Key Structure of FPSO Pressure Vessel Under the Complex Sea States
Authors: Zhen Chen , Tao Li , Yanqing Yang , Yang Zhou , Yunsheng Liu
Published: July 2022

Pressure vessel is the key device of the floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) oil and gas processing module. The internal crude oil generates an impact load on the inner wall under the action of the ship rolling motion, resulting in a stress concentration or even cracking on the head, which seriously threatens the safety of offshore oil mining and FPSO workers. Take No. 118 FPSO pressure vessel as an example, the researches are carried out by considering the actual sea states in the South China Sea. The ship motion response equations are established; a dynamic evaluation study is carried out on the safety evaluation and analysis of the key structure of the pressure vessel based on fluent numerical simulation calculations, the results show that the key structure of the pressure vessel safety, and its stress value is positively correlated with sea state level and filling coefficient. The pressure vessel scale model experiment was carried out with an electric six degrees-of-freedom experimental platform, and the change rule of the measured point test was basically consistent with the simulation value, and the numerical error was only 11.804%, which verified the accuracy of the simulation model. The research results provide guidance for FPSO pressure vessel structure design and preventative maintenance, and the test method provides reference for FPSO pressure vessel simulation test and structure design.
ZMYND8 is a master regulator of 27-hydroxycholesterol that promotes tumorigenicity of breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Luo Maowu , Bao Lei , Chen Yan , Xue Yuanyuan , Wang Yong , Zhang Bo , Wang Chenliang , Corley Chase D. , McDonald Jeffrey G. , Kumar Ashwani , Xing Chao , Fang Yisheng , Nelson Erik R. , Wang Jennifer E. , Wang Yingfei , Luo Weibo
Published: July 2022

27-Hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) is the most abundant oxysterol that increases the risk of breast cancer progression. However, little is known about epigenetic regulation of 27-HC metabolism and its role in breast tumor initiation. Using genetic mouse mammary tumor and human breast cancer models, we showed here that the histone reader ZMYND8 was selectively expressed in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), BCSC maintenance and self-renewal, and oncogenic transformation through its epigenetic functions, leading to breast tumor initiation. Mechanistically, ZMYND8 was a master transcriptional regulator of 27-HC metabolism. It increased cholesterol biosynthesis and oxidation but blocked cholesterol efflux and 27-HC catabolism, leading to accumulation of 27-HC in BCSCs. Consequently, 27-HC promoted EMT, oncogenic transformation, and tumor initiation through activation of liver X receptor. These findings reveal that ZMYND8 is an epigenetic booster that drives breast tumor initiation through metabolic reprogramming.
Leptin receptor signaling sustains metabolic fitness of alveolar macrophages to attenuate pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Guo Ziyi , Yang Haoqi , Zhang Jing-Ren , Zeng Wenwen , Hu Xiaoyu
Published: July 2022

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical mediators of pulmonary inflammation. Given the unique lung tissue environment, whether there exist AM-specific mechanisms that control inflammation is not known. Here, we found that among various tissue-resident macrophage populations, AMs specifically expressed
Lepr
, encoding receptor for a key metabolic hormone leptin. AM-intrinsic Lepr signaling attenuated pulmonary inflammation in vivo, manifested as subdued acute lung injury yet compromised host defense against
Streptococcus pneumoniae
infection. Lepr signaling protected AMs from necroptosis and thus constrained neutrophil recruitment and tissue damage secondary to release of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1α. Mechanistically, Lepr signaling sustained activation of adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase in a Ca
2+
influx–dependent manner and rewired cellular metabolism, thus preventing excessive lipid droplet formation and overloaded metabolic stress in a lipid-rich alveolar microenvironment. In conclusion, our results defined AM-expressed Lepr as a metabolic checkpoint of pulmonary inflammation and exemplified a macrophage tissue adaptation strategy for maintenance of immune homeostasis.
Pluripotency factors regulate the onset of
Hox
cluster activation in the early embryo
Authors: Tiana María , Lopez-Jimenez Elena , de Aja Julio Sainz , Barral Antonio , Victorino Jesus , Badia-Careaga Claudio , Rollan Isabel , Rouco Raquel , Santos Elisa , Sanchez-Iranzo Hector , Acemel Rafael D. , Torroja Carlos , Adan Javier , Andres-Leon Eduardo , Gomez-Skarmeta Jose Luis , Giovinazzo Giovanna , Sanchez-Cabo Fatima , Manzanares Miguel
Published: July 2022

Pluripotent cells are a transient population of the mammalian embryo dependent on transcription factors, such as OCT4 and NANOG, which maintain pluripotency while suppressing lineage specification. However, these factors are also expressed during early phases of differentiation, and their role in the transition from pluripotency to lineage specification is largely unknown. We found that pluripotency factors play a dual role in regulating key lineage specifiers, initially repressing their expression and later being required for their proper activation. We show that
Oct4
is necessary for activation of
HoxB
genes during differentiation of embryonic stem cells and in the embryo. In addition, we show that the
HoxB
cluster is coordinately regulated by OCT4 binding sites located at the 3′ end of the cluster. Our results show that core pluripotency factors are not limited to maintaining the precommitted epiblast but are also necessary for the proper deployment of subsequent developmental programs.
Sequential vacuum-evaporated perovskite solar cells with more than 24% efficiency
Authors: Li Hang , Zhou Junjie , Tan Liguo , Li Minghao , Jiang Chaofan , Wang Siyang , Zhao Xing , Liu Yue , Zhang Yu , Ye Yiran , Tress Wolfgang , Yi Chenyi
Published: July 2022

Vacuum evaporation is promising for the high-throughput fabrication of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of its solvent-free characteristic, precise control of film thickness, and compatibility with large-scale production. Nevertheless, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs fabricated by vacuum evaporation lags behind that of solution-processed PSCs. Here, we report a Cl-containing alloy–mediated sequential vacuum evaporation approach to fabricate perovskite films. The presence of Cl in the alloy facilitates organic ammonium halide diffusion and the subsequent perovskite conversion reaction, leading to homogeneous pinhole-free perovskite films with few defects. The resulting PSCs yield a PCE of 24.42%, 23.44% (certified 22.6%), and 19.87% for 0.1, 1.0, and 14.4 square centimeters (mini-module, aperture area), respectively. The unencapsulated PSCs show good stability with negligible decline in performance after storage in dry air for more than 4000 hours. Our method provides a reproducible approach for scalable fabrication of large-area, high-efficiency PSCs and other perovskite-based optoelectronics.
Supplemental Material: Constraint on the temperature of A-type magma from contact metamorphic aureole, Biesituobie batholith, West Junggar in NW China, Central Asian Orogenic Belt
Authors: Chen Yi-Chao , al. et
Published: July 2022

Table S1: Index of all samples with mineral assemblage and sampling location. Table S2: EPMA data of mineral chemistry from different sample groups. Table S3: Major and trace element data from different sample groups. Table S4: Zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating result. Table S5: Ti-in-zircon geothermometer result. Supplemental Text: Analytical methods used in this study.
Supplemental Material: Intensified and apace bauxitization over the paleo-karstic surface linked to volcanism
Authors: Liu Xuefei , Wang Qingfei , et al.
Published: July 2022

Table S1: Mineral concentrations of samples from three drill cores in Xinxian bauxite deposit by the relative intensity ratio method based on X-ray diffraction results. Table S2: Mineral concentrations of samples from two drill cores in Gaoji bauxite deposit by the relative intensity ratio method based on X-ray diffraction results.
Early weight gain influences duration of breast feeding: prospective cohort study
Authors: Olga Laurentya , van Diepen Janna A , Gross Gabriele , Dunger David B , Ong Ken K
Published: July 2022

Objective

While several studies have shown that milk formula feeding is associated with faster infant weight gain compared with exclusively breast feeding (EBF), we explored the possible reverse association that infant weight gain influences the duration of EBF.

Design

Prospective birth cohort study (Cambridge Baby Growth Breastfeeding Study) born 2015–2018.

Setting

Cambridge, UK.

Participants

Full-term, singleton, normal birthweight infants who received EBF for 2–5 completed weeks (n=54), 6–11 weeks (n=14) or 12 or more weeks (n=80).

Intervention

Weight gain from birth to 2 and 6 weeks.

Main outcome and measure

Duration of EBF.

Results

Faster infant weight gain during EBF predicted longer duration of EBF. Among all 148 infants, each +1 unit gain in weight SD score (SDS) between birth and 2 weeks (while all infants received EBF) reduced the likelihood of stopping EBF between 2 and 5 weeks by ~70% (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.77; adjusted for sex, gestational age at birth, birth weight and mother’s age, prepregnancy BMI and education). Similarly, among infants EBF for 6 or more weeks (n=94), each +1 unit gain in weight SDS between birth and 6 weeks reduced the likelihood of stopping EBF between 6 and 11 weeks by ~80% (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.63).

Conclusions

Slower early infant weight gain was consistently associated with subsequent earlier discontinuation of EBF. We conjecture that broader recognition of the wide range of normal infant growth might encourage parents to not stop EBF earlier than they intended.
Men care too: a qualitative study examining women’s perceptions of fathers’ engagement in early childhood development (ECD) during an ECD program for HIV-positive mothers in Malawi
Authors: Temelkovska Tijana , Kalande Pericles , Udedi Evelyn , Bruns Laurie , Mulungu Siyenunu , Hubbard Julie , Gupta Sundeep , Richter Linda , Coates Thomas J , Dovel Kathryn
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Integrated early childhood development (ECD) and prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions rarely target fathers, a missed opportunity given existing research demonstrating that father involvement improves maternal and child outcomes. We aimed to explore mother’s perceptions of fathers’ buy-in to an integrated PMTCT-ECD programme, any impact the programme had on couple dynamics, and perceived barriers to fathers’ involvement in ECD activities.

Design

Qualitative study using individual in-depth interviews with mothers participating in a PMTCT–ECD programme. Interviews assessed mothers’ perceptions of father buy-in and engagement in the programme and ECD activities. Data were coded using inductive and deductive strategies and analysed using constant comparison methods in Atlas.ti V.1.6.

Setting

Four health facilities in Malawi where PMTCT services were provided.

Participants

Study participants were mothers infected with HIV who were enrolled in the PMTCT–ECD programme for >6 months.

Interventions

The PMTCT–ECD intervention provided ECD education and counselling sessions during routine PMTCT visits for mothers infected with HIV and their infants (infant age 1.5–24 months). The intervention did not target fathers, but mothers were encouraged to share information with them.

Results

Interviews were conducted with 29 mothers. Almost all mothers discussed the PMTCT–ECD intervention with male partners. Most mothers reported that fathers viewed ECD as valuable and practised ECD activities at home. Several reported improved partner relationships and increased communication due to the intervention. However, most mothers believed fathers would not attend the PMTCT–ECD intervention due to concerns regarding HIV-related stigma at PMTCT clinics, time required to attend and perceptions that the intervention was intended for women.

Conclusions

Fathers were interested in an integrated PMTCT–ECD programme and actively practised ECD activities at home, but felt uncomfortable visiting PMTCT clinics. Interventions should consider direct community outreach or implementing ECD programmes at facility entry points where men frequent, such as outpatient departments.
What factors are important to whom in what context, when adults are prescribed hearing aids for hearing loss? A realist review protocol
Authors: Broome Emma , Meyer Carly , Church Paige , Henshaw Helen
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Hearing aids are the gold standard treatment to help manage hearing loss. However, not everyone who needs them has them, and of those who do, a significant proportion of people do not use them at all, or use them infrequently. Despite literature reviews listing key barriers and enablers to the uptake and use of hearing aids, there is little evidence to describe how this varies by population and context. This review will describe what factors are important to whom in what context when considering the provision of hearing aids for hearing loss in adults.

Methods and analysis

The aims of this review are as follows: (1) To iteratively review and synthesise evidence surrounding the provision of hearing aids for hearing loss in adults. (2) To generate a theory-driven understanding of factors that are important, for whom, and in what context. (3) To develop a programme theory describing contexts that can support the provision of hearing aids to result in improved outcomes for adults with hearing loss. A scoping literature search will aid the development of programme theories, to explain how the intervention is expect to work, for whom, in what circumstances and in which contexts. We will locate evidence in the following databases: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMED, Web of Science with no date restrictions. A realist analytic approach will be used to refute and refine these initial programme theories. Throughout the review, relevant key stakeholders (eg, patients and clinicians) will be consulted to test and refine the programme theories.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by the University of Nottingham Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee: (FMHS 95-0820) and the London Brent NHS Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 21/PR/0259). The review will be reported according to the RAMESES guidelines and published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021282049.
Knowledge translation in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research contexts in Australia: scoping review protocol
Authors: Brinckley Makayla-May , Bourke Sarah , Watkin Lui Felecia , Lovett Raymond
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Knowledge translation (KT) involves bridging the gaps between research knowledge and research application or practice, by sharing this knowledge with knowledge-users. KT is increasingly being used in research with Indigenous peoples globally to address the top-down and inappropriate research approaches commonly used in Indigenous research. Employing KT in Indigenous research in Australia is an emergent field, despite Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples having conducted KT for generations.

There is limited evidence which demonstrates how KT is applied in the Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander context. Results will benefit researchers by demonstrating ways of appropriately translating research findings to knowledge-users, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, researchers and policy makers. The scoping review will also inform a KT definition, method and practices used in a large-scale, longitudinal cohort study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults: the Mayi Kuwayu Study.

Methods and analysis

Under guidance of an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander governance committee, we will conduct a scoping review on KT in Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander research. We will follow the scoping review method outlined by the Joanna Briggs Institute. We will search the ANU SuperSearch, and grey and hard to find literature in June 2022. Abstracts and full-text articles will be screened by two independent reviewers. We will include studies that relate to KT in Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander research, regardless of the research topic. Results will be used to inform the KT definition, method and practices that can be used in Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander research contexts in Australia.

Ethics and dissemination

The Mayi Kuwayu Study has ethics approvals from the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 12 Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander organisations, and the Australian National University Human Research Ethics Committee. Results will be disseminated through peer-review publication and community workshops. Protocol registration is available online (10.17605/OSF.IO/JMFQ3).
Effect of maternal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy on birth weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in infants, children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Hartel Tammy Charlene , Turawa Eunice Bolanle , Oelofse André , De Smidt Juléy Janice Abigail
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy are particularly prevalent in low socioeconomic status populations, with an adverse association with birth outcomes and cardiometabolic risk factors. However, the direct and indirect effects of prenatal cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy on cardiometabolic risk in offspring have been rather inconsistent. This may be attributed to multiple factors, such as the amount and timing of exposure to tobacco smoking and alcohol during pregnancy; the influence of maternal, environmental and socioeconomic factors; or how risk factors were defined by individual researchers and studies. Therefore, this review aims to provide a summary of the most recent evidence on birth outcomes and cardiometabolic risk in children associated with alcohol and/or tobacco exposure in utero.

Methods and analysis

PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science will be searched to identify published articles from 1 January 2001. Clinical studies that investigate the association between maternal cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption and birth weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in infants, children and adolescents will be included. Prospective cohort, case-control studies and birth cohort studies will be eligible for inclusion. Grey literature will be searched including conference proceedings, Google Scholar and the ProQuest Dissertation and Theses database. Only studies published in English will be included, with no restrictions regarding country, race or gender. Two independent reviewers will conduct the literature search and article screening. Eligibility criteria will be based on the population (infants, children, adolescents), exposure (maternal cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption or both), comparator (control group with no exposure during pregnancy) and outcomes (birth weight and cardiometabolic risk factors). Quality assessment and risk of bias will be assessed using a risk of bias tool for observational studies, and data will be extracted for analysis using a researcher-generated data extraction form. A meta-analysis will be performed to estimate pooled effect sizes if there are sufficient good-quality studies available. Sources of heterogeneity will be explored using subgroup analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical clearance will not be required as this review will extract publicly available secondary data. Findings from this review will be disseminated via publication in a peer-review journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021286630.
It’s safe to move! A protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of a video designed to increase people’s confidence becoming more active despite back pain
Authors: O'Hagan Edel , Traeger Adrian C , Schabrun Siobhan M , O'Neill Sean , Wand Benedict Martin , Cashin Aidan , Williams Christopher Michael , Harris Ian A , McAuley James H
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Social media provide promising contemporary platforms for sharing public health information with a broad audience. Before implementation, testing social media campaigns that are intended to engage audiences and initiate behaviour change is necessary. This trial aims to investigate the effectiveness of a public health campaign to increase people’s confidence in becoming more active despite low back pain in comparison with no intervention.

Methods and analysis

This is an online randomised controlled trial with two intervention groups and one control group in a 1:1:1 allocation. People over 18 years of age and fluent in English will be recruited via social media advertising. We developed a social media-based public health campaign to support recommendations for managing low back pain. The interventions are two videos. Participants in the control group will be asked questions about low back pain but will not view either video intervention. The primary outcome will be item 10 of the Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, which asks participants to rate how confident they would feel to gradually become more active despite pain ranging from 0 (not at all confident) to 6 (completely confident). This outcome will be measured immediately in all participant groups. We will compare group mean of the three arms of the trial using univariate analyses of variance.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial has been prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry. We obtained ethical approval from our institutions Human Research Ethics Committee before data collection. We will publish the results in a peer-reviewed medical journal and on institution websites.

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622000466741).
Assessing health governance across countries: a scoping review protocol on indices and assessment tools applied globally
Authors: Huang Aidan , Lin Yuling , Zhang Liyuan , Dong Jingwen , He Qiwei , Tang Kun
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Most global health indices or assessment tools focus on health outcomes rather than governance, and they have been developed primarily from the perspective of high-income countries. To benchmark global health governance for equity and solidarity, it becomes necessary to reflect on the current state of indices or assessment tools evaluating health governance across countries. This scoping review aims to review the existing multicountry indices and assessment tools applied globally with measurable indicators assessing health governance; summarise their differences and commonalities; identify the lessons learnt through analysis of their advantages and gaps; and evaluate the feasibility and necessity to establish a new index or consensus framework for assessing global health governance.

Methods and analysis

This scoping review protocol follows Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework, the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses methodology for scoping reviews. Key information sources will be bibliographic databases (PubMed, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection), grey literature and citation tracking. The time frame will be from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021. Only indices or assessment tools that are globally applicable and provide measurable indicators of health governance will be eligible. A qualitative content analysis will follow the proposed data extraction form to explicate and compare each eligible index or assessment tool. An analysis based on a proposed preliminary evaluation framework will identify the advantages and gaps and summarise the lessons learnt. This scoping review will also discuss the feasibility and necessity of developing a new global health governance index or consensus framework to inform future research and practices.

Ethics and dissemination

This scoping review does not require ethics approval. Dissemination will include a peer-review article, policy briefs and conference presentations. This protocol has been registered in the Open Science Framework (osf.io/y93mj).
Evolution of primordial black holes in f(Q) gravity with non-linear equation of state
Authors: Chanda A. , Paul B. C.
Published: July 2022

We study evolution of primordial black holes (PBH) in the f(Q) modified gravity for matter accretion from the cosmic fluid surrounding the PBH. For matter described by non-linear equation of state $$p=f(\rho )$$

p
=
f
(
ρ
)

, the accretion of matter in PBH is probed. Two different branches of non-linear EoS is considered here namely, (i) modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) and (ii) viscous fluid in addition to barotropic fluid. We also probe the EoS needed for the emergent universe which admits different compositions of the cosmic fluid surrounding the black hole to probe the evolution and then compared the evolutionary features for the other polynomial form of the EoS. In f(Q) modified gravity, primordial black holes are found to gain mass in the early epoch which finally attains a saturated mass. The picture is different from that of GR as well as $$f(\mathcal {T})$$

f
(
T
)

gravity. We have also compared the PBH evolution in f(Q)-gravity with or without the MCG.
Paleoproterozoic gold deposits at Alta Floresta Mineral Province, Brazil: two overprinted mineralizing events?
Authors: Mesquita Maria José , Gomes Márcia Elisa Boscato , Moreira Igor de Camargo , Paes Renata Augusta Sampaio , Martins Hevelyn Eduarda da Silva , Matos José Henrique , Ruggiero Alberto , Primo Guilherme , Ducart Diego Fernando , Poggi Luciano , Pimenta Vanessa , de Laurentis Leonardo Zanchetta , Kunifoshita André Massanobu Ueno
Published: July 2022

Large gold provinces commonly show complicated mineralization histories, and the Paleoproterozoic Alta Floresta, one of Brazil's most exciting Au–Cu mineral provinces, is a good example. The current models defined four deposit types, all connected to a single (1.88–1.75 Ga) magmatic–hydrothermal event. However, long Province history, diverse geodynamic environment and older ages of Type-1mineralization weaken the single metallogenic event and enable the hypothesis of overprinted mineral events. By scale-integrated analyses, we revise the tectonic–geological context, structural–hydrothermal alterations and chlorite–white mica geothermobarometry and propose the Type-1 as an older, granitoid-hosted orogenic mineralization, with subsequent overprinting by the magmatic–hydrothermal event. The older orogenic gold event developed orogenic gold deposits on WNW-trending shear zones in the Peixoto de Azevedo domain granitic–gneiss rocks. Phengite, biotite and chlorite–carbonate phyllonites (3.3–6.1 kbar, 300–420°C) host fault-fill quartz veins (pyrite–chalcopyrite–magnetite–pyrrhotite–gold–Bi–Ag tellurides). Mg-rich chlorite–phengite is the main alteration footprint for this mineralization type. A younger magmatic–hydrothermal event in the Juruena magmatic-arc rocks produced Fe-rich chlorite–white mica alteration zones (0.6–4.6 kbar, 120–380°C) and disseminated and stockwork–breccia ore (pyrite–chalcopyrite–gold–molybdenite–Ti minerals–allanite) in porphyry–epithermal deposits. Where the younger mineralization overprints the older, phyllic alteration destroyed the phengite orogenic gold phyllonite S

n

+1
foliation. The ages of two pyrite populations (1979 and 1841 Ma) in the older fault-fill veins and molybdenite in late fractures (1805–1782 Ma) or disseminated in the
c.
1.79 Ga syenogranite porphyry suggest more than two episodes of mineralization. These two events differ in their alteration styles,
P–T
conditions and structural, mineralogical and textural ore styles. The multiscale approach sheds light on the relationships between the various mineralization events, allowing a new explorational potential within the province.

Supplementary material:
Chlorite and white mica complete chemical composition data and other characteristics of the studied deposits are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6056324
Physics-directed Data Augmentation for Deep Model Transfer to Specific Sensor
Authors: Luo Wenjie , Yan Zhenyu , Song Qun , Tan Rui
Published: July 2022

Runtime domain shifts from the training phase caused by sensor characteristic variation incur performance drops of the deep learning-based sensing systems. To address this problem, existing transfer learning techniques require substantial target-domain data and incur high post-deployment overhead. Differently, we propose to exploit the first principle governing the domain shift to reduce the demand for target-domain data. Specifically, our proposed approach called PhyAug uses the first principle fitted with few labeled or unlabeled data pairs collected by the source sensor and the target sensor to transform the existing source-domain training data into the augmented target-domain data for calibrating the deep neural networks. In two audio sensing case studies of keyword spotting and automatic speech recognition, PhyAug recovers the recognition accuracy losses due to microphones’ characteristic variations by 37% to 72% with 5-second unlabeled data collected from the target microphones. In a case study of acoustics-based room recognition, PhyAug recovers the recognition accuracy loss caused by smartphone microphone variation by 33% to 80%. In the last case study of fisheye image recognition, PhyAug reduces the image recognition error due to the camera-induced distortions by 72%.
Statistical shape modeling reveals the link between right ventricular shape, hemodynamic force, and myocardial function in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Kollar Sarah , Balaras Elias , Olivieri Laura J. , Loke Yue-Hin , Capuano Francesco
Published: July 2022

We combine statistical shape modeling with physics-based analysis of 4D flow data to elucidate the interplay between RV shape, hemodynamic forces, and clinical dysfunction in repaired tetralogy of Fallot. We are the first to show that ventricular remodeling is related to hemodynamic force magnitude and direction, global and regional functional parameters, and exercise intolerance. Identification of patients based on the shape variations described in this study could help identify those at risk for irreversible dysfunction.
Intrusion Detection Method Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Tian Chongrui , Zhang Fengbin , Li Zhaoxiang , Wang Ruidong , Huang Xunhua , Xi Liang , Zhang Yi
Published: July 2022

In today’s information age, the scale of the Internet is growing, the information capacity is also expanding explosively, and network security is becoming more and more important. Intrusion detection is regarded as a traditional security protection technology and is a key means to ensure the security of the network environment. Among them, the deep belief network performs well, and it can automatically learn abstract features for classification. In order to further improve the detection rate and reduce the false positive rate, it is necessary to improve the detection rate of small sample data. This paper builds an intelligent deep learning model and analysis model for intrusion detection data based on TensorFlow. By learning to identify network intrusion characteristic data, the characteristic data and model are stored in the big data storage system built by Hadoop. This algorithm has achieved good experiment result. Build a model knowledge base and an intrusion feature behavior library, use the decision tree model to automatically match the security control strategy, realize a highly intelligent security control model with self-learning ability, and solve the rapid identification of unknown intrusion behaviors. Experiments show that the algorithm can effectively improve the detection rate.
Melatonin Attenuates Methotrexate-Induced Reduction of Antioxidant Activity Related to Decreases of Neurogenesis in Adult Rat Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Suwannakot Kornrawee , Sritawan Nataya , Naewla Salinee , Aranarochana Anusara , Sirichoat Apiwat , Pannangrong Wanassanun , Wigmore Peter , Welbat Jariya Umka
Published: July 2022

Previous studies have revealed that the side effects of anticancer drugs induce a decrease of neurogenesis. Methotrexate (MTX), one of anticancer drugs, can induce lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative stress in the brain. Melatonin has been presented as an antioxidant that can prevent oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage via the activation of antioxidant enzymes associated with the increase of neurogenesis. The aims of the present study are to examine the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on the neurotoxicity of MTX on neurogenesis and the changes of protein expression and antioxidant enzyme levels in adult rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into four groups: vehicle, MTX, melatonin, and melatonin+MTX groups. The vehicle group received saline solution and 10% ethanol solution, whereas the experimental groups received MTX (75 mg/kg, i.v.) and melatonin (8 mg/kg, i.p.) treatments. After the animal examination, the brains were removed for p21 immunofluorescence staining. The hippocampus and PFC were harvested for Western blot analysis and biochemical assessments of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The immunofluorescence result showed that coadministration with melatonin diminished p21-positive cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, indicating a decrease of cell cycle arrest. Melatonin reduced the levels of MDA and prevented the decline of antioxidant enzyme activities in rats receiving MTX. In the melatonin+MTX group, the protein expression results showed that melatonin treatment significantly upregulated synaptic plasticity and an immature neuron marker through enhancing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and doublecortin (DCX), respectively. Moreover, melatonin ameliorated the antioxidant defense system by improving the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in rats receiving MTX. These findings suggested that the effects of melatonin can ameliorate MTX toxicity by several mechanisms, including an increase of endogenous antioxidants and neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus and PFC.
The Application of Knowledge Distillation toward Fine-Grained Segmentation for Three-Vessel View of Fetal Heart Ultrasound Images
Authors: Cai Qiwen , Chen Ran , Li Lu , Huang Chao , Pang Haisu , Tian Yuanshi , Di Min , Zhang Mingxuan , Ma Mingming , Kong Dexing , Zhao Bowen
Published: July 2022

Objectives. Measuring anatomical parameters in fetal heart ultrasound images is crucial for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD), which is highly dependent on the clinical experience of the sonographer. To address this challenge, we propose an automated segmentation method using the channel-wise knowledge distillation technique. Methods. We design a teacher-student architecture to conduct channel-wise knowledge distillation. ROI-based cropped images and full-size images are used for the teacher and student models, respectively. It allows the student model to have both the fine-grained segmentation capability inherited from the teacher model and the ability to handle full-size test images. A total of 1,300 fetal heart ultrasound images of three-vessel view were collected and annotated by experienced doctors for training, validation, and testing. Results. We use three evaluation protocols to quantitatively evaluate the segmentation accuracy: Intersection over Union (IoU), Pixel Accuracy (PA), and Dice coefficient (Dice). We achieved better results than related methods on all evaluation metrics. In comparison with DeepLabv3+, the proposed method gets more accurate segmentation boundaries and has performance gains of 1.8% on mean IoU (66.8% to 68.6%), 2.2% on mean PA (79.2% to 81.4%), and 1.2% on mean Dice (80.1% to 81.3%). Conclusions. Our segmentation method could identify the anatomical structure in three-vessel view of fetal heart ultrasound images. Both quantitative and visual analyses show that the proposed method significantly outperforms the related methods in terms of segmentation results.
Serum Adiponectin Level in Different Stages of Type 2 Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Li , Shi Jilai , Wu Guoliang
Published: July 2022

Background. Biomarkers in predicting the stages of nephropathy associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus are urgent, and adiponectin may be a promising biomarker. This meta-analysis examined the association of serum adiponectin level with the stages of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Methods. Databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang were searched for published studies on adiponectin and type 2 diabetic kidney disease. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the literature. STATA 14.0 was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Results. Thirty-four studies with 5254 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The results of this study show that there was no significant difference in serum adiponectin level between normoalbuminuria and the control group (

mean
 
difference
=
−
0.42

, 95% CI [-1.23, 0.40]), while serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with the severity of type 2 diabetic kidney disease. The serum adiponectin level in type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients ranks as

macroalbuminuria
>
microalbuminuria
>
normoalbuminuria

. Conclusions. Serum adiponectin level might be an important marker to predict the progression of type 2 diabetic kidney disease.
Exploring the Teaching Mode of English Audiovisual Speaking in Multimedia Network Environment
Authors: Wang Shunlan
Published: July 2022

Introducing multimedia network tools in English audiovisual teaching and building a new model of network-based multimedia teaching can make English audiovisual teaching more in line with students’ cognitive thinking characteristics and processes. This can improve the overall efficiency of English teaching in schools. Computers have been widely used in language evaluation and speech recognition for language learning, and speech recognition technology is an important reflection of the level of language learning. The large amount of language signal data, complex pronunciation changes, and high dimensionality of pronunciation feature parameters in the language learning process make it difficult to identify pronunciation features. The computational volume of pronunciation evaluation and recognition is too large, which requires high hardware resources and software resources to realize high-speed processing of massive pronunciation signals. To address the problem of low recognition rate of English pronunciation, this study proposes a sound recognition algorithm based on adaptive particle swarm optimization (PSO) matching pursuit (MP) sparse decomposition. The algorithm firstly improves the parameter adaptive setting of PSO based on the particle and population evolution rate, establishes parameter adaptive PSO, and realizes the optimization of adaptive PSO optimized MP sparse decomposition. The continuous Gabor super-complete atomic set is constructed based on the continuous space search property of PSO to improve the optimal atomic matching of the evolutionary process. Finally, the recognition of English pronunciation is realized by the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The test results show that the misjudgement rate for different mispronunciations is less than 1% when the system is used to evaluate the English pronunciation level. It proves that the method can effectively detect the mispronunciation and has high evaluation accuracy.
Evaluation of Hormonal Profile and Ovarian Morphology among Adolescent Girls with Menstrual Irregularities in a Tertiary Care Centre at Central India
Authors: Patel Shweta , Pushpalatha K. , Singh Bharti , Shrisvastava Ragini , Singh Gyanendra , Dabar Deepti
Published: July 2022

Menstrual disturbances are common among adolescents with a prevalence rate of 11.3–26.7%. The most frequent menstrual irregularities are oligomenorrhea, menorrhagia, polymenorrhoea, and hypomenorrhea. PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome) is now recognized as the most prevalent endocrine disorder among the women of reproductive age. The current study was planned to evaluate socio-demographic factors, endocrine profiles, and ovarian morphology among adolescent girls with menstrual irregularities and compare these parameters in different phenotypes of adolescent PCOS cases. It is a hospital-based cross-sectional study among 248 adolescent girls (10–19 years) with menstrual irregularities. After obtaining informed consent, history and clinical examination findings were recorded on preform proforma. All girls were assessed on day 2/3 of the menstrual cycle for hormonal profile (serum TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and serum testosterone) and ovarian morphology (by transabdominal ultrasonography). All participating girls were divided into three groups (groups 1, 2, and 3) corresponding to phenotypes A, B, & D as per the Rotterdam criteria. In the study, oligomenorrhea was the most common menstrual disorder (70.97%). Biochemical hyperandrogenism and thyroid dysfunction were reported in 14.91% and 8.46% of girls, respectively. Our study noted that phenotype D ,i.e., group 3 (MI + PCOM-HA; 49.43%) was the most common phenotype in the study. In a comparative analysis of different groups, significant differences (

p
<
0.05

) in hormonal and metabolic parameters showed highest in group 2, which represents phenotype B of PCOS (hyperandrogenic anovulation). This analysis revealed that adolescent hyperandrogenism (phenotypes A and B) is associated with a more deranged hormonal and metabolic profile than nonandrogenic PCOS (phenotype D). To prevent long-term sequelae, lifestyle changes, early treatment, and close follow-up are recommended in this subset of girls.