bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Activities Against Multiple Heavy Metals Stress in Avicennia marina (Forsk.) and Rhizophora mucronata Lamk
Authors: Shams Samrina , Ismail Sarwat , Siddiqui Muhammad Faheem , Naurin Samin
Published: December 2020

The tolerance mechanism of mangrove species (Avicennia marina (Forsk.) and Rhizophora mucronataLamk) was studied by inducing multiple heavy metal stress in roots and leaves of the plants. Mangrove seedlings weretreated with different concentrations of heavy metal solution (Cr, Cd, Pb and Hg) for a period of 2 months. Scavengingantioxidant enzymes like Polyphenol Oxidase (PPO), Glutathione-S-transferase (GSTs) and Guaiacol Peroxidase(POD) were analyzed in both species after appropriate intervals of 15 days. Results revealed that activities of theseantioxidative enzymes were altered due to multiple heavy metals exposure in both mangrove species, whereas leavesexhibited the higher values as compared to the roots. In the leaves of both mangrove plants GSTs exhibited anincreased trend throughout the investigated period whereas, PPO activity initially showed an increasing trend, butgradually decreased with the passage of time in response to heavy metal stress. Furthermore, an increased level ofantioxidants was also observed in A. marina than R. mucronata which proves that the former is a strong candidate forheavy metals phyto-remediation with its viable survival strategies.
Fracture Analysis of Rocks for Slope Stability Assessment in SiriKot Area, District Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Anwar Qadir Sajjad Ahmad Shah,
Published: December 2020

The landslides are common and hazardous the Northern Gandghar Ranges, Pakistan. The slope failures have affected road sections between Ghazi to Sari area (~65 Km) along the Sirikot road in district Haripur, Pakistan. The objectives consist of failure mechanisms, slope sensitivity and remedial measures in potentially unstable. To analyze slope stability and understand failure mechanisms, Inventory Circle Method (ICM) has been employed at six locations. Most of the landslides have been found in the Precambrian metamorphic Manki Formation, consisting of slate, phyllite and schists. The data acquired through ICM technique have been used to measure the density of fractures and hydraulic properties (porosity and permeability). The fracture analysis revealed two episodes of deformation. Rose and pole diagrams were plotted for stress analysis and fracture orientation to determine the direction of principal stress σ1. Geological Strength Index (GSI) also provided details about the interlocking pattern of the rocks. Topple and rock fall were found in the limestone and quartzite. Moreover, the fractures also provided channels for the water to flow through and penetrate the foliation planes, decreasing the friction and causing a landslide.
MINIMIZING NA TURAL DAMAGE LEACHING IN UNDERGROUND ORE MINING
Authors:   North Caucasus State Technological University, GOLIK V.I
Published: December 2020

On the example of mining enterprises of the Sadon Lead-Zinc Plant in the North Caucasus, it is advisable to use the phenomenon of natural leaching of lost ores to minimize the negative impact of mining of its products on the ecology of mountain regions. The parameters of natural leaching are determined by the conditions and development technology, which allows you to manage them.
Analysis And Design Of Accounting Information System Of Purchase Of Credit Spare Parts In PT. Sumber Batu
Authors: Pangondian Daniel
Published: December 2020

This research was conducted at PT. Sumber Batu which is engaged in contracting. Activities carried out by the company, one of which is the purchase of spare parts on credit. The implementation of the accounting system for purchasing spare parts on credit has not yet fully carried out activities in accordance with internal controls. Data collection was carried out using interview and observation techniques. The analysis conducted was a qualitative descriptive analysis by analyzing and designing Flowcharts, Data Flow Diagrams (DFD), Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD), and Normalization. Based on research that has been done, researchers can draw the conclusion that there is no duplication of functions applied to the procedure for purchasing spare parts on credit,

 

Keywords :     Information System Accounting, Credit Purchases, Internal Control Systems
Dear President Macron; an Ordinary People Get Anger to You (But I know you are Not Meant to Be)
Authors: Sarbunan Thobias
Published: December 2020

Emanuel Macron was excavated the anger from thousands of people around the world, that society in fact was Muslim people. Therefore, number of protest escalated in many countries including Indonesia, as the biggest Muslim country in the world. I as personal, also stand in scientific circle, in fact was indeed concerned to that chaos affected by politic speech. Therefore, in short, this paper conducted to educate the widespread society, ‘who stand-out of politic activity also the system’, to bridge that society knowledge toward politic speech and related issue around politic knowledge. By the end, I see that politic knowledge was concrete and systematic, that not think before. Moreover, to react in this issue, the matter of politic speech, even the discourse that related to language-politic, how politician act through rhetorician movement, all of that knowledge  must be learned and highlight to the broad people, that in purpose to prevent undesired act such violence or riot, which harmfully to all of us, even in systematic impact
Determination of thermal conductivity of epoxy resin with metallic load
Authors: Bazani Márcio Antonio , Pereira Vinicius Gomes , Fukushima Jeferson Camargo , Reynoso Victor Ciro Solano , Paschoalini Amarildo Tabone
Published: December 2020

With the increase of technology in the electronics industry, new methods have emerged, resulting in smaller components and higher processing capacity. In contrast, problems related to rate of heat transfer of these components have been increasing and with this reduction in size, the temperature began to be an important variable to be observed in equipment. Normally, performance improvements, such as computers or racks of telephone exchanges, translate directly into greater heat dissipation of electronic devices that make up the device, and consequently, high rates of heat transfer. Thus, the cooling of electronic equipment gained paramount importance as the effect of increased power densities in micro-electronic equipment made available by advances in semiconductor technology. Because of this, whenever we face interesting challenges in finding a technique of removing heat more effectively for these high-tech applications, is one of those challenges, which underpin this research is to determine the properties of the constituent components of a new system cooling is a heat exchanger based on phase change of a fluid inert. There are a few examples: automotive radiator and air conditioning, cooling and optoelectronic LEDs. A heat exchanger is physically designed to enhance and to improve the surface in contact with the cooling fluid around it, like air. Approach air velocity, choice of material and surface treatment are some of the factors that influence the thermal resistance and thermal performance of these components. In this research, the epoxy resin with metallic charge, has lower thermal conductivity than aluminum, for example, however, it does not conduct electricity, getting great importance of electronic devices nowadays.
Characteristics associated with Covid-19 in patients with Rheumatic Disease in Latin America: data from the Covid-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry
Authors: Ugarte-Gil Manuel F. , Marques Claudia D. L. , Alpizar-Rodriguez Deshire , Pons-Estel Guillermo J. , Xibille-Friedmann Daniel , Paiva Eduardo , Zamora-Tehozol Erick A. , Gamboa-Cárdenas Rocío V. , Quintana Rosana , Rodriguez-Reyna Tatiana S. , Sepúlveda Ana María , Gianfrancesco Milena , Evans Michael , Wallace Zachary , Sirotich Emily , Omedo Evelyn , Hausmann Jonathan S. , Alarcón Graciela S. , Robinson Philip C. , Yazdany Jinoos
Published: December 2020

Objective: To compare the characteristics of patients with rheumatic diseases and COVID-19 reported from Latin American countries with those from the rest of the world. Methods: Patients from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Physician-Reported Registry were included. Details regarding demographics, rheumatic disease features, comorbidities, COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment, and outcomes were examined. Chi-squared and t-tests were used to compare associations between groups (Latin America vs. rest of the world). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hospitalization (yes/no) and ventilatory support (not hospitalized or supplementary oxygen only vs. non-invasive, invasive ventilation, or ECMO); Poisson models were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs of mortality. Results: Seventy-four patients from Latin America and 583 patients from the rest of the world were included. The most frequent rheumatic diseases in both groups were rheumatoid arthritis (35% and 39%, respectively) and systemic lupus erythematosus (22% and 14% respectively). Mortality was similar between groups (12% Latin America vs 11% rest of the world, p=0.88. However, Latin American patients in the registry had a higher odds of requiring non-invasive or invasive ventilation, after adjustment [OR= 2.29, 95%CI (1.29, 4.07), p less than 0.01].. Conclusion: Latin American patients with rheumatic disease and COVID-19 reported to this global registry presented a higher need for ventilatory support, however experienced a similar mortality than patients from the rest of the world.
La salud mental en tiempos de pandemias
Authors: Palacios Alberto
Published: December 2020

Estamos inundados de datos, estudios e información científica, mezclados con incertidumbre y miedo. Ningún rezo, ninguna frontera y ningún medicamento detienen a este microscópico enemigo, que mata rápido y silenciosamente.
Especialistas por experiencia
Authors: Torres Priscila
Published: December 2020

Hablamos de responsabilidades asumidas, pero el paciente solamente asumirá totalmente sus responsabilidades de autocuidado, de gestión de la enfermedad, cambios de hábito de vida, cuando se sienta, de hecho, incluído en los centros de atención de cuidados en salud.
Cartas de Porto Alegre
Authors: Neubarth Fernando
Published: December 2020

Vivimos en una época extraordinaria. La tecnología permite que el conocimiento realice sueños y alcance distancias que hacen recordar el título de la serie televisiva creada por Rod Sterling en la transición de los años cincuenta y sesenta, llevándonos hacia la Dimensión desconocida.
Ser Reumatólogo
Authors: Forero Illera Elias
Published: December 2020

Rarólogo, frecuentólogo o dolorólogo, el reumatólogo es el médico con el entrenamiento necesario para realizar el estudio, diagnóstico y tratamiento de las patologías musculoesqueléticas inflamatorias y mecánicas, autoinmunes y autoinflamatorias, muchas de ellas de comportamiento crónico, capaces de impactar de manera importante la morbimortalidad y la calidad vida de las personas afectadas por estos padecimientos.
Thomas Sydenham, ¿el primer reumatólogo?
Authors: Iglesias Antonio
Published: December 2020

En la primera ‘Entrevista con la historia’, el doctor Antonio Iglesias entra en la piel de Thomas de Sydenham y responde inquietudes sobre su carrera y su rebeldía frente a la medicina de la época y responde el por qué que muchos lo consideran el primer reumatólogo.
Good Public Governance in a Global Pandemic
Authors: Reddy Purshottama Sivanarain
Published: December 2020

This book provides the readers with a set of vivid studies of the variety of national approaches that were taken to responding to COVID-19 in the first few months of the pandemic. At its core is a series of reports addressing the national responses to COVID-19 in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, and the Middle East and North Africa. Country reports present the actions, events and circumstances of governmental response and make an early attempt at producing insights and at distilling lessons. Eyewitness reports from civil servants and public managers contain practical points of view on the challenges of the coronavirus pandemic. In different chapters, editors and contributors provide an analytical framework for the description and explanation of government measures and their consequences in a rich variety and diversity of national settings. They also situate the governmental responses to the pandemic in the context of the global governance agenda, stress the important relationship between governmental authorities and citizens, and emphasize the role of ideological factors in the government response to COVID-19. A bold attempt is made in the concluding chapter to model government strategies for managing the emergency of the pandemic and the consequences for trajectories of infection and mortality. As the editors argue, the principles of “good governance” are of relevance to countries everywhere. There was evidence of them in action on the COVID-19 pandemic all over the world, in a wide range of institutional settings. COVID-19 experiences have a lot to teach us about the governance capabilities that will be needed when future emergency situations occur, emergencies that might be created by pandemics or climate change, or various other global risks. Governments will need to be agile, able to learn in real time, good at evaluating evidence in fast changing and complex situations, and good at facilitating coordination across the whole-of-government and in partnership with citizens and the private sector.
Pay/Katılma Paylarının Anayasa'nın 73. Maddesi Çerçevesinde Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ORGAN İbrahim , ÇETİN Hamit
Published: December 2020

Ülkemizde nüfusun gelişmesine paralel olarak kamu harcamaları da artış göstermiş bu bağlamda kamu harcamaları finansman kaynağına ihtiyaç da her geçen gün artış göstermektedir. Yerel yönetimler, kamu hizmetinde bulunurken katlanmış oldukları giderlere söz konusu hizmetlerden fayda elde edenlerin de katılmasını isterler. Dolayısıyla belirli bir katılım payı belirlenmektedir. Anayasa mahkemesi kararları irdelendiğinde, Harcamalara katılma payının benzeri mali yükümlülük olduğu görülmüş, dolayısıyla bunların Anayasa’nın 73. maddesi çerçevesinde “ödeme gücü” ilkesine uygun olarak tahsil edileceği açıktır. Belirlenen katılım payının sosyal devlet ve hukuk devleti ilkelerine aykırı olmaması önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada katılma payları; belediyelerin yetkisine bırakılan harcamalara katılma payları, sağlık hizmeti sunumunda katılım payı ve garanti fonuna katılım payları incelenmiştir. İncelenen katılım paylarının Anayasa’nın 73. Maddesi çerçevesinde ayrıntılı olarak değerlendirilmiştir, bu bağlamda bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
PERANCANGAN TEMPAT SAMPAH PINTAR MENGGUNAKAN MIKROKONTROLLER BERBASIS SMS GATEWAY
Authors: Suradi Suradi , Baco Syarifuddin , Mendiana Mendiana
Published: December 2020

Rekayasa dengan penerapan system control memiliki peranan yang sangat penting khususnya bagi pengembangan tempat sampah yang ada pada saat ini agar tempat sampah lebih modern dan lebih efisien dalam  memberitahukan petugas kebersihan, perkembangan teknologi juga menyentuh aspek kepedulian terhadap lingkungan dengan adanya tempat sampah pintar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui prinsip kerja tempat sampah pintar berbasis mirokontroller dengan fitur level lampnotification, short message service (sms). Metode yang digunakan yaitu mikrokontroller sebagai pusat pengendali sistem bertugas mengolah data yang diterima dari beberapa sensor untuk kemudian melakukan serangkaian intruksi yang telah diprogramkan seperti membuka tempat sampah dan mengirim sms jika volume tempat sampah telah penuh. Hasil dari penelitian memperoleh tempat sampah yang bisa dipantau dari jarak jauh dengan jarak ukur sejauh 10 cm kondisi tempat sampah akan terbuka, 20 cm tempat sampah akan tertutup, 30 cm tempat sampah akan tertutup, 40 cm dan 50 cm tempat sampah akan tertutup, jadi sensor tempat sampah berfungsi hanya dengan jarak 10 cm saja jika lebih dari jarak 10 cm maka tempat sampah tidak akan terbuka. Kesimpulan prinsip kerja tempat sampah pintar yaitu memungkinkan tempat sampah dapat dimonitoring dari jarak jauh.
Subjetividade, manipulação e pós-verdade: EUA e Irã pelos olhos da CNN em Espanhol
Authors: Rodríguez Marcelo
Published: December 2020

Esta obra tem como fato gerador o assassinato do general iraniano Qasem Soleimani por parte dos Estados Unidos, sob as ordens do presidente Donald Trump. A partir daí, é feita uma revisão bibliográfica relacionada às discussões jornalísticas sobre objetividade, mercado e agenda-setting, além da comunicação como cultura, a manipulação e o fenômeno da pós-verdade. Tudo, tendo como objeto de uma análise de conteúdo a cobertura realizada pela CNN em Espanhol na sua conta do Twitter, com foco, fundamentalmente, na construção narrativa e semântica. Foi possível identificar, nesse contexto, a subjetividade do discurso jornalístico pró-Estados Unidos e anti-Irã, principalmente a partir de recursos característicos da pós-verdade, com a finalidade de manipular a opinião pública, principalmente ocidental.
Students Perceptions on Oral Error Correction at a Chilean High School
Authors: Campusano Carlos , Yaacob Azan
Published: December 2020

Given the scarce literature focusing on students’ perceptions and preferences on oral error correction especially at secondary school level, this study intended to provide some insight on this important issue on English language teaching by exploring the perceptions and preferences of 149 secondary school students in Chile regarding oral error correction. An adapted version of a survey developed by Katayama (2007) was used to explore their general attitudes towards error correction and their preferences for correction of different types of errors as well as particular correction methods. Frequency distribution was calculated to analyse their Likert-scale answers. The results showed that the majority of the respondents regarded error correction as something crucial to improve their proficiency in English. They also favoured those correction techniques in which they were clearly informed about their errors or those in which they participated to correct them.
Consecuencias en el congelamiento en el beneficiado de Vanilla planifolia Andrews
Authors: Ramírez Juárez Sharon , García Muñoz Silvia Amanda , Ortega Rodríguez Anabel , Villarreal Ramírez Víctor H. , Leyva Chavez Arwell Nathan , Uranga Valencia Luisa P.
Published: December 2020

El objetivo principal del experimento fue determinar el efecto del congelamiento en el beneficio de vainilla de pequeños productores de la sierra de Otontepec, Veracruz. Los tratamientos utilizados fueron vainas congeladas durante seis meses y un año y medio, recolectadas en cinco sitios: Estación, Tamalinillo, Xochitlán, Tancoco y Agua Salada. Las variables de respuesta utilizadas fueron contenidas de vainillina, tamaño y peso de las vainas. Para determinar el contenido de vainillina de cada tratamiento se utilizó el método por el análisis de Cromatografía Liquida de alta Resolución (HPLC), los resultados mostraron que el efecto del congelamiento no afectó la concentración de vainillina a pesar del tiempo en que las vainas fueron congeladas, obteniendo concentraciones altas que va desde 3.19% - 14.33%. Así mismo se observó que el tamaño y el peso de las vainas no tienen influencia en el contenido de vainillina, obteniendo tamaño promedio entre 15 cm - 19.26 cm, catalogándose tres de los cinco sitios muestreados con vainas de calidad extra, y un peso promedio de entre 1.48 g - 3.79 g.
PENYESUAIAN DIRI DI SEKOLAH PADA ANAK YANG MENGALAMI SELECTIVE MUTISM
Authors: Zainuddin1 Nurul Inayah , Alfiah Andi
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami penyesuaian diri di sekolah pada anak yang mengalami selective mutism dengan usia 12 tahun yang saat ini duduk di bangku sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenoligi untuk mengetahui gambaran psikologis anak yang memiliki gangguan selective mutism, dengan jumlah responden 7 orang antara lain 1 responden, dan 6 informan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu wawancara menggunakan guide interview dan observasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengalaman responden yang beragam dan penuh tekanan akan memengaruhi penyesuaian diri anak di sekolahnya, terkhususnya anak yang terbukti mengalami selective mutism yang seketika memberikan penilaian mengenai lingkungan sekolah sehingga responden mengambil sikap di lingkungan sosial berbeda dengan lingkungan rumahnya.
Tribalism: A Genealogical Enquiry on Contemporary Terrorism
Authors:   North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Mohapatra A. C.
Published: December 2020

This text is in reaction to Samuel Huntington's celebrated piece on Clash of Civilisations, especially the discourse after the Twin Towers attack in 2001 (9/11) and subsequent commentaries and explanations on contemporary terror, especially by David Rapoport and the Wave Theory. The principal arguments are providing critiques on both Huntington and Rapoport, the former viewing the rising tide of contemporary organised terrorism as civilisational conflicts (in a historical sense of super cultures) and the latter, as generation wide waves at a global scale starting from Anarchism in late nineteenth century Europe. Here the genealogical enquiry refers to social--psychological perspectives from prehistoric times, shaping modern minds and the explanation around the disconnects between modern institutions like the nation states, (post French Revolution) and the exclusivistic perspectives of the little culturesthat refuse to forgo its identity in the nation state and democratic ethos of modernity and the modern world.
The global problem of land degradation: A review
Authors:   Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Mahata Sangita , Sharma Vishwambhar Nath ,   Department of Geography, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
Published: December 2020

Land degradation has been a subject of academic research all across the world and still an important global issue in the twenty-first century. Land is an essential resource that is degraded day by day through some major factors like natural, anthropogenic and climatic factors. It is the principal basis for human well-being and livelihood as it provides us food, shelter, and multiple other ecosystem services. Land degradation has become a severe environmental problem. It is observed that a complex interplay between a variety of interrelated processes leads to what we defined as land degradation. It occurs in the form of deforestation, desertification, rapid changes in climatic conditions, waterlogging, salinization, erosion, and loss of organic matter components, etc. But we can save our land or manage our land from degradation by identifying sustainable land management practices and by adopting a precise methodology for assessing land degradation. The major objectives of this study are to address the problems of land degradation and to explore sustainable land management practices through different researches. This paper surveys the research works done on this theme and points out the key drivers of land degradation across the world, the social, economic and environmental costs of land degradation, the extent and severity of global land degradation and the appropriate methods for assessment of land degradation at global level and opportunities for improvement.
A Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Gender Related Educational Development Index of Uttar Pradesh
Authors:   Banaras Hindu University, Pal Pooja , Singh Suman ,   Banaras Hindu University
Published: December 2020

Literacy is an important indicator of human resource development. It is crucial for the overall development of society as it has the potential to increase human capital, removes inequality from society, affects the growth of employment opportunities, and above all liberates them from social evil. As in the development process, both men and women play an equally crucial role but the fruits of development are not equally shared among them. Therefore the study of literacy and its differential on the gender of an area is indispensable. According to Census (2011), literacy rate of India is 74.04% out of which the male literacy rate is 82.14% and female literacy rate is 65.46% and has a huge gender gap of 16.60% while at the state level in Uttar Pradesh this gender gap figure amounts to 20.10%. From a population point of view Uttar Pradesh is a very important state of the country as 16.17% of India's population lives in the state and as literacy is one of the important measures of any region's human resource development. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the Gender disparity present in the literacy level of Uttar Pradesh. For this Gender-Related Educational Development Index (GEDI) has been used on the lines of Human Development Index of UNDPto measure the disparity level. The paper uses the data of two consecutive census i.e. 2001-2011 to measure the GEDI both in a spatial and temporal context. It is found that the state has improved as the GEDI value increased from 0.530 in 2001 to 0.662 in 2011, showing that there still exists a disparity which needs to be reduced.
Causes of Landslides in Chittagong Hill Tracks, Bangladesh
Authors:   Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Tandrila Anika Tabassum , Mohiuddin Md. , Hossain Mallik Akram , Rahman Md. Sifatur , Samad Abdus ,   Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,   Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Published: December 2020

Landslide is a regular hazard in Bangladesh, especially in the Chittagong Hill Tracks (CHT), the Southeastern part of the country. The devastating landslide causes fatalities, injuries and also damage properties of local residents almost every year. Thus the main objective of this research is to determine the triggering factors of landslide. This study is carried out in landslide prone sites located in Rangamati, and Khagrachari area of CHT. Necessary data are collected from both from primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include questionnaire survey, laboratory test and field observation while secondary sources encompass journal article, reports, and meteorological data from Bangladesh Metrological Department. The sample size of the study was 385 respondents. Respondents are selected randomly from the landslide prone area. Soil samples are also gathered from the study site to examine the soil structure that may affect landslide. The present study demonstrates that the main reasons for landslide are heavy rainfall, hill cutting, deforestation, and weak soil structure. Approximately 70 percent of the people in the study area comment that heavy downpour is the dominant factor of landslide followed by hill cutting 17 percent, and deforestation 13.5 percent. The findings of the study will help to understand the driving forces of landslide and provide appropriate guidelines for the policy makers.
Finanzas y Complejidad
Authors: Arce Larrea Glenn Roberto , Portugal Pacheco Angela Daniela , Ugarte Mejía Wendy Anne
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo pretende explicar, mediante la revisión de literatura, como las finanzas fluctúan en un entorno incierto, dinámico, cambiante y de sistemas complejos. Es así como las finanzas están estrechamente vinculadas con la complejidad. En consecuencia, la linealidad en las decisiones de los inversores generará desventajas, que se podrían traducir en pérdidas cuantiosas. Por lo que es necesario analizar el entorno desde una perspectiva no lineal incluyendo agentes y eventos significativos y manejando factores psicosociales que distorsionan las percepciones y toma óptima de decisiones de los inversores.
Factibilidad del manejo conservador en el trauma vesical penetrante
Authors: Jurado Penagos Angie , García-Perdomo Herney Andrés
Published: December 2020

El trauma como causa de enfermedad es un problema de salud pública de países en vía de desarrollo. El trauma vesical penetrante, aunque poco frecuente, implica un reto en su manejo debido a que puede ser pasado por alto y aún están definiéndose las pautas del abordaje terapéutico; además es causante de complicaciones como sepsis, infecciones y fistulas, aumentando la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes. Como regla, las heridas vesicales penetrantes de la pared intraperitoneal deben ser reparadas de forma quirúrgica, aunque en un grupo bien seleccionado de pacientes puede realizarse un manejo conservador.
Uso de butilhioscina comparada con tamsulosina en la disminución de los síntomas relacionados a catéter ureteral doble J
Authors: Orrico-Velázquez Guillermo , Medrano-Sánchez Javier , Pacheco-López Roberto
Published: December 2020

Antecedentes: Los catéteres doble j, son herramientas ampliamente utilizadas en urología, sin embargo, al tratarse de un cuerpo extraño en el tracto urinario estos presentan efectos adversos tras su aplicación hasta en el 30 % de los casos. Estos síntomas son atribuidos a la irritación local del espiral del catéter en la vejiga o si se encuentra en el cáliz renal. Numerosos estudios demuestran que la tamsulosina y algunos anticolinérgicos disminuyen los síntomas relacionados a catéteres ureterales.

Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo observacional, aleatorizado y comparativo. La distribución se hizo de forma aleatoria de casos consecutivos 1 a 1. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a tratamiento endourológico, con ureteroscopia semirrígida y/o flexible, así como litotricia neumática y/o láser. Se obtuvieron dos grupos, incluyendo un total de 77 pacientes, 39 pacientes asignados al grupo 1 que recibieron tamsulosina 0.4 mg por vía oral cada 24 horas durante un mes posterior a la cirugía y 38 pacientes asignados al grupo 2, que recibieron 20 mg de butilhioscina por vía oral cada 8 horas por un mes posterior a la cirugía. La evaluación se realizó en el consultorio de urología, se aplicó el cuestionario validado Ureteric Stent Symptom Questionnaire (ussq), a la semana 1, 2, y 4 posterior a la inserción del catéter doble J.

Resultados: Ambos tratamientos disminuyeron los síntomas irritativos y el dolor desde la segunda semana, presentando significancia estadística en la semana 4 respecto a la basal obtenida en la semana 1 (p<0.05). Además, se observa una mejoría en la calidad de vida con decremento de más de 4.3 puntos del cuestionario validado en la semana 4 (p<0.05). Al comparar ambos grupos de tratamiento no hubo diferencia significativa en la mejoría de los síntomas irritativos, en la mejoría del dolor o en la mejoría de la calidad de vida tras 4 semanas de tratamiento.
Neuromodulación por electroestimulación del nervio tibial para el tratamiento de enuresis: estado actual
Authors: Pérez-Martínez Carlos , Palacios-Galicia José Luis , Vargas-Díaz Irma Beatriz , Muñoz-Toscano Álvaro , Cruz-Gómez Yolanda
Published: December 2020

Objetivo. La enuresis es la incontinencia urinaria en niños y afecta negativamente su calidad de vida provocando estrés sicológico y social. No hay un consenso del uso de la neuromodulación por electroestimulación percutánea del nervio tibial (ptns por sus siglas en inglés). Esta revisión analiza el estado actual del tratamiento de la enuresis con neuromodulación por ptns.

 Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de los artículos publicados en inglés y/o español sobre enuresis en PubMed, Cochrane y Scopus en los últimos 10 años.

Resultados. Se encontró que sólo 5 artículos refieren a la ptns y enuresis, 3 en inglés y 2 en español. El reporte global de respuesta clínica es de 9% a 85%, con efectos adversos casi nulos, aunque un estudio reportó que en un 20% de pacientes el tratamiento fue inefectivo.

Conclusiones. La neuromodulación por ptns para el tratamiento de la enuresis tiene buenos resultados, sin embargo, hacen falta estudios controlados para determinar su efecto en el manejo de la enuresis, especialmente la monosintomática.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF SEEDS OF
Monodora myristica ON SELECTED MICROORGANISMS
Authors: Jimoh F.A. , Ajao A.T. , Zakariyah R.F. , Odebisi-Omokanye M.B. , Abdulrahman H.O.
Published: December 2020

The increase in the prevalence of effects of many synthetic antimicrobial agents and incidence of multiple drug
resistant microorganisms has spurred scientists on the research for plant-based antimicrobial of therapeutic
potentials. The Monodora myristica has been used in Nigeria traditionally as condiments and has been harnessed
as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of skin infection and dysentery. Aqueous, n-hexane and ethanolic extracts
of the seeds was screened for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms implicated in causing
vagina infections. This finding showed that the efficacy of the extracts was concentration dependent. Aqueous,
ethanolic and N-hexane extract showed varying degree of inhibition with different magnitude against the test
isolates. Ethanolic extract showed highest activities against Candida albican, followed by Staphylococcus
aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae with 21.5mm, 19.5 mm each respectively. The same patterns of of inhibition
was also observed in N-hexane extract. The antimicrobial effect of the two extracts were statistically not
significant. The extracts had minimum concentration that ranged between 150mg/ml and 200mg/ml. The
ethanolic extract showed more inhibitory effects compare to the aqueous and n- hexane extracts. The ethanolic
extract found to contain highest quantity of phytochemicals while aqueous extract has lowest amount of the
phytochemicals. It is therefore can be affirmed that Monodora myristica seed extracts could be exploited as
therapeutic agents to drug resistant microorganisms.
The potential therapeutic effect of red clover’s extract against an induced molecular neurodegeneration in male rats
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt, A. Newairy Al-Sayeda , A. Hamaad Fatma ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt, M. Wahby Mayssaa ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt, M. Abdou Heba ,   Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
Published: December 2020

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavor enhancer. Oxidative neurotoxicity of MSG is well established. This study explored the therapeutic effect of red clover’s (RC) extract against MSG–induced neurodegeneration. HPLC-analysis revealed that formononetin, genistein, daidzein and biochanin A are the major isoflavones in RC’s extract. Four equal groups of male rats were used: control group, MSG-treated group, MSG plus RC-treated group and RC-treated group. The gene expression of iNOS, TNF-α, Cox-2 and p53 were evaluated in the brain extract using RT-PCR. The histological and electron microscopic examinations as well as the cholinergic function, the neurotransmitters and the oxidative status were also assessed. The MSG significantly up regulated the expression levels of iNOS, TNF-α, Cox-2 and p53. The activity of acetyl cholinesterase (AChE), the monoamine neurotransmitters and the oxidative status as well as the histological and electron microscopic examinations confirmed the MSG-induced neurodegeneration. The administration of RC plus MSG diminished the expression of the inflammatory cytokines, the activity of AChE and the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters. RC also ameliorated the oxidative stress and the histological and the electron microscopic alterations. Accordingly, the present study provides an insight on the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory potentials of RC’s extract as neuroprotective agent.
Discrepancies between MICS-Asia III simulation and observation for surface ozone in the marine atmosphere over the northwestern Pacific Asian Rim region
Authors: Akimoto Hajime , Nagashima Tatsuya , Kawano Natsumi , Jie Li , Fu Joshua S. , Wang Zifa
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In order to identify the causes of overestimate
of the surface-level O3 mixing ratio simulated by three regional
chemical-transport models, NAQPMS v.3 (abbreviated as NAQM in this paper),
CMAQ v.5.0.2, and CMAQ v.4.7.1, compared to the EANET observational data at
a marine remote site at Oki in July 2010, analyses of hourly O3 mixing ratios and net ozone production were made in the context of
MICS-Asia III. In addition to Oki, model-simulated and observational data
for two other EANET marine sites, Hedo and Ogasawara, were also examined.
Three factors, i.e., long-range transport from the continent, in situ photochemical formation, and dry deposition of O3 on seawater, have been identified as contributing to the overestimate by these regional models at
Oki. The calculated O3 mixing ratios during long-range transport from
the continent were much higher for all three models than those of the observation. In situ photochemical formation, demonstrated by a distinct diurnal variation which was not discerned in the observational data, was
seen in the simulated data of all three models and ascribed to the virtual transport of NOx from the southern urban areas of the main
island of Japan. The overestimate of the O3 mixing ratio in the background oceanic air mass has been discussed referring to dry deposition velocity (Vd) of O3 over oceanic water. Sensitivity analysis of the dry
deposition velocity to the concentration of O3 was made for Oki in
July. An increase in Vd from 0.0005 to 0.001 cm s−1 used in the standard runs for CMAQ by a factor of 10 decreases the O3 mixing ratio by more than 20 ppbv on an event basis in certain periods of time and by ca. 4.9 ppbv as a monthly mean in July. The dry deposition velocity of O3 in Bohai Bay and the Yellow Sea has been assumed to be comparable to that of the open
ocean in all three models, which could have resulted in the overestimate of O3 mixing ratios in this area and also in the long-range transport
of O3 from the continent to Oki. A higher value of dry deposition
velocity in this marine area is expected considering the higher content of
organics in the surface sea layer brought by rivers and atmospheric wet
deposition. Empirical measurements of the mixing ratios and dry deposition
flux of O3 in this area are highly recommended, since they would affect the simulated mixing ratios in the downwind region in the Pacific Rim region.
Particle aging and aerosol–radiation interaction affect volcanic plume dispersion: evidence from the Raikoke 2019 eruption
Authors: Muser Lukas O. , Hoshyaripour Gholam Ali , Bruckert Julia , Horváth Ákos , Malinina Elizaveta , Wallis Sandra , Prata Fred J. , Rozanov Alexei , von Savigny Christian , Vogel Heike , Vogel Bernhard
Published: December 2020

Abstract. A correct and reliable forecast of volcanic plume dispersion is vital for aviation safety. This can only be achieved by representing all responsible physical and chemical processes (sources, sinks, and interactions) in the forecast models. The representation of the sources has
been enhanced over the last decade, while the sinks and interactions have received less attention. In particular, aerosol dynamic processes and aerosol–radiation interaction are neglected so far. Here we address this gap by further developing the ICON-ART (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic – Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) global modeling system to account for these processes.
We use this extended model for the simulation of volcanic aerosol dispersion after the Raikoke eruption in June 2019. Additionally, we validate the simulation results with measurements from AHI (Advanced Himawari Imager), CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization), and OMPS-LP (Ozone Mapping and Profiling Suite-Limb Profiler). Our results show that around 50 % of very fine volcanic ash mass (particles with diameter d<30 µm) is removed due to particle growth and aging. Furthermore, the maximum volcanic cloud top height rises more than 6 km over the course of 4 d after the eruption due to aerosol–radiation interaction. This is the first direct evidence that shows how cumulative effects of aerosol dynamics and aerosol–radiation interaction lead to a more precise forecast of very fine ash lifetime in volcanic clouds.
The “urban meteorology island”: a multi-model ensemble analysis
Authors: Karlický Jan , Huszár Peter , Nováková Tereza , Belda Michal , Švábik Filip , Ďoubalová Jana , Halenka Tomáš
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Cities and urban areas are well-known for their impact on meteorological variables and thereby modification of the local climate. Our study aims to generalize the urban-induced changes in specific meteorological variables by introducing a single phenomenon – the urban meteorology island (UMI). A wide ensemble of 24 model simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model and the Regional Climate Model (RegCM) on a European domain with 9 km horizontal resolution were performed to investigate various urban-induced modifications as individual components of the UMI. The results show that such an approach is meaningful, because in nearly all meteorological variables considered, statistically significant changes occur in cities. Besides previously documented urban-induced changes in temperature, wind speed and boundary-layer height, the study is also focused on changes in cloud cover, precipitation and humidity. An increase in cloud cover in cities, together with a higher amount of sub-grid-scale precipitation, is detected on summer afternoons. Specific humidity is significantly lower in cities. Further, the study shows that different models and parameterizations can have a strong impact on discussed components of the UMI. Multi-layer urban schemes with anthropogenic heat considered increase winter temperatures by more than 2 ∘C and reduce wind speed more strongly than other urban models. The selection of the planetary-boundary-layer scheme also influences the urban wind speed reduction, as well as the boundary-layer height, to the greatest extent. Finally, urban changes in cloud cover and precipitation are mostly sensitive to the parameterization of convection.
Atmospheric observations with E-band microwave links – challenges and opportunities
Authors: Fencl Martin , Dohnal Michal , Valtr Pavel , Grabner Martin , Bareš Vojtěch
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Opportunistic sensing of rainfall and water vapor
using commercial microwave links operated within cellular networks was
conceived more than a decade ago. It has since been further investigated
in numerous studies, predominantly concentrating on the frequency region
of 15–40 GHz. This article provides the first evaluation of rainfall
and water vapor sensing with microwave links operating at E-band frequencies
(specifically 71–76 and 81–86 GHz). These microwave links are increasingly being
updated (and are frequently replacing) older communication infrastructure.
Attenuation–rainfall relations are investigated theoretically on drop
size distribution data. Furthermore, quantitative rainfall estimates
from six microwave links, operated within cellular backhaul, are
compared with observed rainfall intensities. Finally, the capability to
detect water vapor is demonstrated on the longest microwave link
measuring 4.86 km in path length. The results show that E-band microwave
links are markedly more sensitive to rainfall than devices operating in
the 15–40 GHz range and can observe even light rainfalls, a feat
practically impossible to achieve previously. The E-band links are,
however, substantially more affected by errors related to variable drop
size distribution. Water vapor retrieval might be possible from long
E-band microwave links; nevertheless, the efficient separation of
gaseous attenuation from other signal losses will be challenging in
practice.
Quality assessment of Dobson spectrophotometers for ozone column
measurements before and after automation at Arosa and Davos
Authors: Stübi René , Schill Herbert , Maillard Barras Eliane , Klausen Jörg , Haefele Alexander
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The longest ozone column measurements series are based on the Dobson sun spectrophotometers developed in the 1920s by Prof. G. B. W. Dobson. These instruments still constitute an important part of the World Meteorological Organization's global network due to their optical qualities and ruggedness. The primary drawback of this instrument is the effort needed for its manual operation. In industrialized and some lesser developed countries, most stations have made the choice to replace the Dobson by the automated Brewer sun spectrophotometers but some are still relying on the Dobson instrument. One of them is the Arosa station where both instrument types are run in parallel. Here, an automated version of the Dobson instrument was developed and implemented recently. In the present paper, the results of the analysis of simultaneous measurements from pairs of Dobson instruments that were either collocated at Arosa or Davos, or operated one at each location, are presented for four distinct time periods: – 1992–2012 : Manual vs. Manual operation of Collocated Dobson instruments (MMC) – 2012–2013 : Manual vs. Automated operation of Collocated Dobson instruments (MAC) – 2012–2019 : Automated vs. Automated operation of Collocated Dobson instruments (AAC) and – 2016–2019 : Automated vs. Automated operation of Distant Dobson instruments (AAD) The direct comparison of two instruments using the standard operation procedure during the MMC period gives a metric necessary to validate the automated version of Dobson instruments. The direct comparison of two collocated instruments using the standard manual operation procedure reveals random differences of coincident observations with a standard deviation of ∼0.45 % and monthly mean differences between −1.0 and +0.8 %. In most cases the observed biases are not statistically signiﬁcant. The same analysis of two automated Dobson instruments yields signiﬁcantly smaller standard deviation of ∼0.25 % and biases of between −0.7 % and 0.8 %. This demonstrates that the repeatability has improved with the automation while the systematic differences are only marginally smaller. The description of the automated data acquisition and control of the Dobson instrument is presented in a separate paper (Stübi et al. , 2020).
Comment on Invariability of relationship between the polar cap magnetic activity and geoeffective interplanetary electric field by Troshichev et al. (2011)
Authors: Stauning Peter
Published: December 2020

Abstract. In the publication Troshichev et al. (2006) on the Polar Cap (PC) indices, PCN (North) and PCS (South), an error was made by using components of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) in their Geocentric Solar Ecliptic (GSE) representation instead of the prescribed Geocentric Solar Magnetosphere (GSM) representation for calculations of index scaling parameters in the version AARI_1998-2001 (named AARI#3) issued from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) in St Petersburg, Russia. The mistake has caused a trail of incorrect relations and wrong conclusions extending since 2006 up to now (2020). The authors of the publication commented here, Troshichev, Podorozhkina, Janzhura (2011): Invariability of relationship between the polar cap magnetic activity and geoeffective interplanetary electric field, Ann. Geophys., 29, 1479-1489, state that they have used scaling parameters of the (invalid) AARI#3 PC index version in their work but have substituted parameters from the more recent AARI_1995-2005 (AARI#4) version instead. The mingling of PC index versions have resulted in erroneous illustrations in their Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8 and the issuing of non-substantiated statements.