bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЖЕЛЕЗНЫЕ НАКОНЕЧНИКИ СТРЕЛ ИЗ МОГИЛЬНИКА АКЧУНГУЛЬ
Authors: Бекбаулиев Абуталиб
Published: February 2025

Могильник Акчунгуль, расположенный в одноименном урочище, на территории плато Устюрт, был ис-следован в 80-х гг. прошлого столетия археологами Каракалпакского отделения Академии наук УзCCР.На сегодняшний день проблема кочевнической культуры является малоизученным «белым пятном» вархеологической науке Узбекистана в целом. Как показывает многолетняя практика археологическихисследований, основными памятниками кочевнической культуры на территории Узбекистана остают-ся курганные могильники. Одной из массовых находок в кочевнических могильниках представленынаконечники стрел. В нашем колчанном наборе из могильника Акчунгуль преобладают в основномжелезные наконечники стрел. Железо как материал, легко поддающийся коррозии, со временем теряетсвою первоначальную форму; исходя из этого классификация железных наконечников всегда требуетот исследователя особого подхода. Данная коллекция наконечников стрел могильника Акчунгуль посоставу относится к античному периоду. По типологическим признакам почти все наконечники находятсвои аналогии в сарматских колчанах Поволжья и Сибири. Типологический анализ позволил авторудатировать весь набор колчанов II–IV вв. н. э.
ОЧЕРК ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ИСТОРИИ НИЗОВИЙ СЫРДАРЬИ в о ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ I ТЫС. ДО Н. Э.: ПОСЕЛЕНИЯ ЧИРИКРАБАТСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors: Утубаев Жанболат , Касенова Асема , Калиева Жанаргуль
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматривается один из основных аспектов культурогенеза - взаимоотношения культуроседлых земледельцев и скотоводов евразийских степей на примере памятников материальной культурынижней Сырдарьи, территория которого была одной из контактных зон в Евразии. Основное вниманиев публикации уделено Чирикрабатской археологической культуре, которая сформировалась натерритории юго-западной части древней Сырдарьинской дельты не позднее рубежа V-IV вв. до н. э.Культура возникла на этой территории, безусловно, на местной основе, когда кочевые саки, заселявшиенизовья Сырдарьи во второй трети I тыс. до н. э., переходят к оседлому земледельческо-скотоводче-скому способу ведения хозяйства, основанному на ирригационном земледелии. В ареале Чирикрабатскойархеологической культуры находятся различные по площади и планировке древние поселения игородища, краткое описание которых дано в статье. На основании сравнительного анализа всех этихпамятников определяются характерные особенности того или иного типа поселений, что дает основаниеобъективно выявить определенную иерархию внутри всего массива этих объектов, которая прослеживаетсядаже на самом верхнем таксонометрическом уровне. Анализ всего корпуса известных внастоящее время артефактов даёт основания предполагать, что во второй половине I тыс. до н. э. внизовьях Сырдарьи создаются все предпосылки для формирования здесь единой взаимосвязанной централизованнойэкономической системы с развитым ремесленным производством, базировавшейся наискусственном орошении.
YESEN-2 TOSHGAISHLOV BERISH USTAXONASIYANGI TEXNIK-TIPOLOGIK TADQIQOTLARDA
Authors: Sayfullaev Baxtiyor , Ergashev Odil , Radjabov Alisher , Madreimov Berik
Published: February 2025

Maqola Ustyurt platosi botiqlaridan biri bo‘lgan Borsa-Kelmasning janubiy-g'arbiy chekkasida joylashganYesen—2 toshga ishlov berish ustaxonasi materiallarining yangicha texnik-tipologik tadqiqiga bag‘ishlangan.Yodgorlik 1977 yilda A.V. Vinogradov hamda E. Bijanovlar tomonidan topib o'rganilgan. Bu yerdan 200 gayaqin tosh artefakt yig‘ib olingan. Biroq ulaming madaniy-davriy talqini borasida mutaxassislar o‘rtasidahanuz yakdillik yo‘q. Mualliflardan biri (E. Bijanov) yodgorlikni so‘nggi ashel yoki ilk must'e davri bilansanalagan bo‘lsa, ikkinchisi (A.V. Vinogradov) uning kolleksiyasini o‘rta paleolitning finali yoki so‘nggipaleolit davrining boshlari bilan sanalaganlar. Ustaxonadan topilgan asosiy tosh buyumlar bifaslar bo‘lib,ulami muallfflar bifas-tig‘lar va qo‘l cho‘qmorlari deb turlicha talqin qilganlar. Ammo, ulaming pichoqlarsifatida ishlatish uchun ishlab chiqarilganligi ham ehtimoldan xoli emas. Yodgorlikning funksional ahamiyatiborasida ham yakdillik yo‘q. Nashrlarda Yesen-2 topilma joyi makon, makon-ustaxona va ustaxona terminlaribilan tilga olingan bo'lsada, garchi mutaxassislar yodgorlikni bifaslar ishlab chiqarishga yo‘naltirilganliginita‘kidlaganlar. Tadqiqot usullarining hozirgi taraqqiyot bosqichida Yesen-2 topilmajoyi materiallarini texniktipologikusullar yordamida o‘rganish va yuqorida tilga olingan turli fikrlarga baholi-qudrat barham berishushbu tadqiqotning asosiy maqsad-vazifasi qilib belgilandi.
ИЛОҚНИНГ ҚАДИМИЙ ШАҲАРЛАРИ ТАРИХИ (Суюрлитепа ёдгорлиги мисолида)
Authors: Asqarov Ahmadali , Исабеков Бехзод , Исмаилов Убайдулла
Published: February 2025

Мазкур мақола Тошкент вилоятининг Оҳангарон туманидаги Суюрлитепа ёдгорлигида олиб борил-ган янги археологик тадқиқотлар натижалари талқинига бағишланган. Хусусан, муаллифлар жамоасиёдгорлик ўрнидаги тарихий шаҳар Илоқнинг муҳим ва мустаҳкам мудофааланган шаҳарлардан бириэканлигига эътибор қаратадилар. Шу билан бирга мақолада “Суюрлитепа” атамасининг келиб чиқи-ши, шаҳарнинг ички ва ташқи йўллари, суғориш тизими ҳақида ҳам турли хил янги қарашлар илгарисурилган. Шунингдек, ушбу шаҳар харобаси қадимий Илоқнинг қайси бир шаҳрига тўғри келиши ма-саласи ёзма ва моддий манбалар асосида таҳлил қилинди. Ёдгорликдан топилган археологик топилма-лар бошқа ҳудудлар билан қиёсий солиштирилиб, ҳудуд аҳолисининг бошқа шаҳарлар билан алоқала-ри ёритиб берилган. Топилган архитекура ва моддий ашёлар ривожланган ўрта асрларда Илоқ воҳасишаҳарларининг топографияси, шаҳар тузилиши, мудофаа иншоатлари, ижтимоий-иқтисодий аҳволи,маданий ва маиший турмуш тарзи хусусидаги кўплаб янги жиҳатларни очиб берди. Шаҳар ҳаёти риво-жланишида боғдорчилик, деҳқончилик, кончилик ва савдо соҳаларининг ўрни археологик топилмаларвоситасида ёритиб берилган. Бундан ташқари, шаҳарнинг тарихий топографияси,унинг пайдо бўлиши,ривожланиши, таназзулга юз тутиши масалаларига алоҳида эътибор қаратилган.
ОТРАЖЕНИЕ СИМВОЛИКИ БУДДИЗМА НА ПРИМЕРЕ БУС ИЗ ПЛОДОВ ДЕРЕВА БОДХИ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ НЕКРОПОЛЯ МУНЧАКТЕПА I)
Authors: Кораева Замира
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматривается культовое значение дерева Бодхи (Ficus religiosa) и термина «Бодхи»в буддизме, в связи с концепцией просветления и духовного развития, основанной на легендео принце Сиддхартхе Гаутаме. Изначально четки Бодхи использовались буддистами как мо-литвенный атрибут для подсчета количества произнесенных молитв во время чтения мантр,аналогично четкам, применяемым в других мировых религиях. Описывается использованиедерева Бодхи в буддийских монастырях и его символическое значение в религиозных прак-тиках и сакральных артефактах. Особое внимание уделяется археологическим находкам, под-тверждающим культовое значение дерева Бодхи в различных регионах, включая бусины изплодов этого дерева, обнаруженные на некрополе Мунчактепа. Несмотря на отсутствие пря-мой связи с памятником буддизма, эти находки открывают новые горизонты для пониманияроли дерева Бодхи в культурном и духовном контексте региона. Статья акцентирует вниманиена материальной культуре и социально-экономической жизни жителей раннесредневековойФерганской долины, подчеркивая значимость торговых связей и ремесел. Исследование бусиниз плодов дерева Бодхи позволяет глубже понять символику и практическое применение этихартефактов в духовной жизни людей, обитающих на пересечении важных торговых путей.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ СПЕКТРАЛЬНОГО АНАЛИЗА РАСТИТЕЛЬНЫХ СЕМЯН, НАЙДЕННЫХ ПРИ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ РАСКОПКАХ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ПРИАРАЛЬЯ
Authors: Ходжалепесов Исламбек
Published: February 2025

В настоящее время привлекаются современные инструментальные методы элементного ана-лиза, а также внедрение в археологические исследования портативных рентгеновских спек-трометров. Наиболее важным показателем для исследования земледелия, конечно же, являетсянасыщенность слоя остатками культурных растений. Особый интерес представляет распреде-ление образцов по количественным классам, характеризующим концентрацию в них остатковкультурных растений. Одним из лучших приборов для археологического анализа различныхматериалов, объектов и веществ является спектральный анализ артефактов. Согласно плот-ности содержания обнаруженных элементов по спектрограмме, выявлен максимальный пикдинамики такого элемента – Ag (от 20 до 40 и более). Предполагается, что ионы серебра за-щищают растения от грибковых, вирусных и микробных заболеваний. Анализ исследованныхрастений по определению содержания тяжелых металлов из двух различных местностей пока-зывает, что, несмотря на аридность региона, такие элементы, как Ca, Cl, P содержатся во всехслучаях. Таким образом, исследованные археоботанические материалы позволяют прийти кзаключению, что в период средневековья перемены коснулись как структуры урожая, так изернового потребления в городах и населенных пунктах средневекового Хорезма.
Variation in Total Sugar and Soluble Protein Contents during Ripening of Pancovia laurentii Fruit
Authors: INGOBA Waltta ITOUA , OSSIBI Grace Jokael ETOU , MOUEKOUBA Dalcantara Liana ONGOUYA , TETE Chanelle MVOUMBI , MPIKA Joseph , ATTIBAYEBA
Published: February 2025

The fruits of Pancovia laurentii are rich in biologically active substances. On the other hand, the results indicate in total sugars and soluble proteins, and is of significant interest in nutrition. spectrophotometer. The overall analysis of the results of the present study shows that the, gives great interest in terms of validation. In this study we targeted sugars total and soluble proteins in the mesocarp and kernel of the fruit of Pancovia laurentii in during its maturation, were selected for its nutritional quality and its appreciation across the Gulf of Guinea area, which is very popular due to its small size, its texture and particular taste. The evaluation of total sugars and soluble proteins in the mesocarp and almond of the fruit during maturation was made from the dosages at spectrophotometer. The overall analysis of the results of the present study shows that the sugars and proteins accumulate more in the mesocarp of the fruit at veraison with respectively of 11.337 mg/g MS and 2397.420 mg/g MS. On the other hand, the results indicate low levels of total sugars and soluble proteins in the ripe fruit kernel taste with respective values of 5.718 mg/g MS and 914.916 mg/g MS. This variation could be linked to the nature of the compartment, more particularly to the storage location. This comparative study could lead to valuing the fruit of Pancovia laurentii for its richness in total sugars and soluble proteins, and is of significant interest in nutrition.
Bamboo Plants Inventory at Barangay Baganihan in Marilog District, Davao City, Philippines: The First Step in the Adopted Community's Lab-Bayong Sustainability Project
Authors: Alderite Genaro Jr F. , Cabugsa Zarine H. , Entera Zandro Ceasar M.
Published: February 2025

Aims: The goal of the study was to establish baseline data on bamboo species inventory and diversity, and soil suitability area at Barangay Baganihan, Marilog District, Davao City to support the community's LAB-BAYONG sustainability project.
Study Design:  Descriptive design with a quantitative methodology to inventory bamboo species was utilized. Field surveys were conducted to identify bamboo species to the lowest taxonomic level utilizing morphological traits and taxonomic keys. The frequency and relative frequency of each bamboo species were documented and species diversity was evaluated. Soil characterization analysis of soil texture, pH, and macronutrient concentrations (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium).
Place and Duration of Study: The adopted community of Barangay Baganihan, Marilog District, Davao City, was the site of this study. Its coordinates are 7o28'26"N and 125o14'36"E. One shot sampling was done on September 2024 to account the bamboo present in the study site.
Methodology: Two Belt Transects were established with 20m X 20m off the access route and marked with GPS running perpendicular to the access routes for at least 200 m with the direction recorded. Photographs were also made from actual observations in the field sites of bamboo plants in their natural habitat. To achieve information about the general soil conditions of the research site, soil texture, Soil pH and NPK (Nitrogen, Potassium and Phosphate) were examined.
Results: The results indicated a low density for both mature and young specimens of Cephalostachyum mindorense, often known as climbing bamboo. The sampling locations exhibit a soil composition ranging from coarse sand to clay, with a pH level between 5.0 and 6.5. The concentrations of Total Nitrogen (N), Total Phosphorus (P), and Total Potassium (K) are recorded at 0.31%, 1.8 ppm, and 75.9 ppm, respectively.
Conclusion: Cephalostachyum mindorense, the only recognized species, has little diversity and a high proportion of mature plants. The soil physico-chemical analysis revealed the potential for bamboo growth, although potassium (K) levels need to be improved.
A Survey to Assess Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight Disease Severity in Major Maize Growing Areas of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Gunasri Reddi , Kumari V Prasanna , Kumar V Manoj
Published: February 2025

Rhizoctonia solanif.sp. sasakii, the causal agent of maize banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) disease, is the most destructive soil borne pathogen capable of infecting maize at all growth stages starting from seedling to maturity. To estimate the severity of BLSB an extensive roving survey was conducted during rabi, 2018 in major maize growing areas of Andhra Pradesh i.e., West Godavari, East Godavari, Vizianagaram, Guntur and Kurnool to record the severity index of disease. The disease occurs all over the state with maximum disease severity recorded in West Godavari district (61.35%) followed by East Godavari (58.05%), Vizianagaram (46.87%) and Guntur (25.85%) while the least PDI was recorded in Kurnool district (23.02 %). Disease symptoms were noticed during the survey under field conditions.
Introduction of New Chickpea Variety JG-14 in DSSAT for a Sustainable Agricultural Development
Authors: Saha Mriganka , Maji Prity , Mukherjee Bishal , Mondal Soumen , Ghosh Suprakash , Chakraborty Shaon , Kashyap Vivek , Bhattacharya Banjul , Mukherjee Asis , Nath Rajib
Published: February 2025

India is the largest consumer of pulses, but globally it is the second largest producer after China. Our nation can mitigate the gap between demand and supply by introducing new varieties along with modern technologies. Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Jabalpur has released a short duration high yielding chickpea (Cicer arietinum) variety JG-14 in 2009. This variety is heat tolerant, moderately resistant to various pest and diseases. Any new variety may be cultivated in large scale after assessing its adaptability in varied situations and acceptability among the farmers. But it’s extensively time consuming and expensive process. That’s why various crop growth simulation models (CGSMs) like DSSAT are used to analyze the influence of all inputs without growing the crop on the specific land in real. The present study aims to calibrate genetic coefficient for new chickpea variety JG-14 in DSSAT. To fulfil this purpose, an experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm, Kalyani for three consecutive years, from 2018-19 to 2020-21. The derived genetic coefficient will be very handy for predicting performance of the crop under diverse environmental conditions and management practices. Promoting varieties like JG-14 trigger food cum nutritional security, self-resiliency, income enhancement, better policy making and step forward towards sustainable development goals.
Public Health Crisis in Gaza—The Responsibility of US-Based Academic Medical Journals
Authors: Ijaz Nadir , Habib Anand R.
Published: May 2024

In this Viewpoint, the authors write that US-based medical journals have an obligation to create space for discourse about the human costs of war and other political drivers of health.
What Is Age-Related Macular Degeneration?
Authors: Voelker Rebecca
Published: May 2024

This JAMA Patient Page describes age-related macular degeneration development and progression; symptoms and risk factors; and diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment.
Young-Onset Dementia Among Individuals With History of Preeclampsia
Authors: Olié Valérie , Lailler Grégory , Torres Marion J. , Regnault Nolwenn , Carcaillon-Bentata Laure , Blacher Jacques
Published: May 2024

This cohort study assesses the risk of developing early-onset dementia in individuals who had preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.
Long-Term Engagement of Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Patel Manali I. , Agrawal Madhuri , Blayney Douglas W. , Bundorf M. Kate , Milstein Arnold
Published: May 2024

Importance

The long-term effect of interventions that assist patients with establishing their end-of-life care preferences among patients with cancer remain relatively unknown.

Objective

To evaluate the association of a long-term intervention of a lay health worker–led advance care planning intervention among patients with advanced stages of cancer with overall survival and end-of-life health care use and costs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This follow-up study of the EPAC randomized clinical trial conducted between August 2013 and February 2015 used data from 9.4 years after the first patient was enrolled with a data cut-off date of February 1, 2023. Overall, 213 participants with stage 3 or 4 or recurrent cancer in the US Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System were included.

Interventions

A 6-month lay health worker–led education and support intervention to assist patients with establishing their end-of-life preferences vs usual care.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcomes of interest were overall survival, risk of death, restricted mean survival time, and palliative care, hospice, and acute care use in the final 30 days before death for participants who died.

Results

Among 213 participants randomized and included in the intention-to-treat analysis, the mean (SD) age was 69.3 (9.1) years; 211 (99.1%) were male, 2 (0.90%) were female. There were no demographic or clinical characteristic imbalances at enrollment. As of February 1, 2023, 188 had died. The intervention group had a 25% reduction in risk of death (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.56-0.98); more palliative care (44 [50.0%] vs 35 [35.0%]) and hospice use (64 [72.7%] vs 53 [53.0%]); and lower emergency department use (20 [22.7%] vs 47 [47.0%]), hospitalizations (17 [19.3%] vs 46 [46.0%]), and median (IQR) total health care costs (median [IQR], $1637 [$383-$9026] vs $18 520 [$4790-$50 729]) than control group participants.

Conclusions and Relevance

The effects of the lay health worker–led intervention remain durable, with nearly complete follow-up, supporting integration into routine cancer care.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02966509
Obstacles to Biosimilar Acceptance and Uptake in Oncology
Authors: Mroczek Daniel K. , Hauner Katherina , Greene George J. , Kaiser Karen , Peipert John Devin , Golf Mary , Kircher Sheetal , Shaunfield Sara , Lylerohr Madison , Cella David
Published: May 2024

Importance

Biosimilar drugs provide cost-effective yet clinically indistinguishable replications of target drugs. During initial development, this class of biologic medicines was expected to revolutionize pharmaceutical markets; however, following US Food and Drug Administration approval of the first biosimilar drug in 2015, the commercialization of biosimilars has been limited. The lack of biosimilar use may be especially salient in oncology, given that biosimilar distribution in this particularly high-cost area of medicine would bring savings on the order of many billions of dollars.

Observations

While researchers have focused on salient economic barriers to biosimilar uptake in the US, the present review provides insight regarding noneconomic barriers. This review discusses psychological, attitudinal, and educational factors among both health care professionals and payers in the US that may play a role in slowing biosimilar uptake. More specifically, these factors include a lack of health care professional education, concerns of safety and efficacy, and overly complex product naming systems.

Conclusions and Relevance

The pathway to biosimilar use has been obstructed by economic elements as well as attitudinal and psychological factors. For biosimilar drugs to achieve their potential in decreasing treatment costs and thus increasing patient access, it will be essential for both economic and noneconomic factors to be identified and systematically addressed.
Potential Medicare Part D Savings on Ophthalmic Generic Drugs
Authors: Collet David A. , Urban Matthew B. , Amin Abha
Published: May 2024

This economic evaluation assesses potential Medicare Part D savings on ophthalmic generic drugs if discount coupon prices are used.
Decoding microtubule detyrosination: enzyme families, structures, and functional implications
Authors: Bak Jitske , Brummelkamp Thijn R. , Perrakis Anastassis
Published: May 2024

Microtubules are a major component of the cytoskeleton and can accumulate a plethora of modifications. The microtubule detyrosination cycle is one of these modifications; it involves the enzymatic removal of the C‐terminal tyrosine of α‐tubulin on assembled microtubules and the re‐ligation of tyrosine on detyrosinated tubulin dimers. This modification cycle has been implicated in cardiac disease, neuronal development, and mitotic defects. The vasohibin and microtubule‐associated tyrosine carboxypeptidase enzyme families are responsible for microtubule detyrosination. Their long‐sought discovery allows to review and summarise differences and similarities between the two enzymes families and discuss how they interplay with other modifications and functions of the tubulin code.
Frequent flight responses, but low escape distance of wild boar to nonlethal human disturbance
Authors: Wielgus Elodie , Henrich Maik , Fiderer Christian , Töws Ariana , Michel Jan‐Niklas , Kronthaler Franz , Heurich Marco
Published: May 2024

Human activities can affect the behaviour and fitness of wildlife. However, the response of animals to nonlethal human activities has not been well‐studied in wild boar, Sus scrofa, even though it is a widespread species in Europe and has become of increasing concern because of crop damages and its vector capacity for diseases.

We study the behavioural responses of GPS‐collared wild boar to nonlethal experimental human approaches in the Bohemian Forest Ecosystem along the border between Germany and the Czech Republic. We describe and quantify the flight responses of the animals and assess whether they vary with the distance to recreational paths and the occurrence of hunting in the area.

We show that wild boar were disturbed and displaced by human approaches on foot in 69% of the trials, but the average flight initiation and escape distances were relatively small (93 and 256 m, respectively). The probability of a flight response decreased with distance from the paths and increased with the ruggedness of the terrain. In the non‐hunting zone, the flight initiation distances and flight durations were shorter than in the hunting zone.

Our results suggest a weak effect of nonlethal human disturbances on the movement of wild boar, although the animals were sensitive to the perceived risk in relation to recreation infrastructure and hunting.

For the management of diseases such as African swine fever, it can be concluded that nonlethal disturbances are unlikely to accelerate the spread of the disease due to far‐distance movements. Guidelines for restrictions in case of an outbreak might be adjusted accordingly.
MOF‐Fe@C Nanocomposites for Microwave Absorption
Authors: Zhang Rongjuan , Hu Qi , Yang Shaobo , Yan Song , Gu Yaxin , Ji Jiawei , Zhou Zheng , Liu Chaoze , Li Xinran , Wang Zihao , Tang Chengchun
Published: May 2024

The arrival of the 5 G era has brought great benefits to our lives, but it has also brought problems such as electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, the demand for lightweight, high‐performance microwave absorbing materials with wide effective bandwidth is increasing. Herein, MIL‐53/g‐C3N4 is first synthesized from precursors of ferric chloride, terephthalic acid, and g‐C3N4, and then thermally annealed at different temperatures to generate MOF‐Fe@C nanocomposites. Heat treatment can effectively carbonize g‐C3N4 to amorphous carbon and reduce iron in MIL‐53 to magnetic Fe and Fe3O4 nanoparticles through carbon‐thermal reduction reaction. The synergistic effect of dielectric loss of amorphous carbon and magnetic losses of magnetic particles enhances attenuation and improves impedance matching, enhancing microwave absorption. The RLmin of MOF‐Fe@C(4)‐700 is as low as ‐72.78 dB at 9.44 GHz at a thickness of 3.18 mm and its effective absorption bandwidth is as broad as 4.88 GHz, covering most of X‐band frequency range. The research introduces a novel technique for synthesizing absorbers with controllable electromagnetic characteristics by incorporating g‐C3N4 as carbon sources into MOF materials.
Influences of Heat Treatment, Particle Arrangement, and Binder Addition on the Mechanical Robustness of Structurally Colored Coatings Formed with Monodisperse SiO2 Spheres
Authors: Yamanaka Takahiro , Tarutani Naoki , Katagiri Kiyofumi , Inumaru Kei , Takeoka Yukikazu
Published: May 2024

This article highlights the critical factors influencing the mechanical robustness of structurally colored coatings formed as arrays of monodisperse SiO2 particles. Various types of coatings can be fabricated using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) techniques. Anodic EPD generates coatings with colloidal crystalline structures, iridescent structural color, and noteworthy mechanical robustness owing to interparticle necking during heat treatment, even in the absence of binder additives. Conversely, coatings prepared via cathodic EPD exhibit noniridescent structural color and colloidal amorphous structure, with only marginally improved mechanical robustness after high‐temperature treatment. However, when Mg(OH)2 is codeposited during EPD in the coating, the resultant film exhibits strong adhesion between particles and the substrate—as evidenced by minimal peeling from the substrate even after ultrasonication for 6 h—owing to the binding effect of MgO, which is converted from Mg(OH)2 via heat treatment. The robustness of the film is not dictated by the size of the SiO2 particles, suggesting that this approach can be applied to structurally colored coatings of various colors. Consequently, the results suggest that EPD with the addition of a binder and heat treatment can be used to fabricate particle‐array‐type coatings with extremely high mechanical robustness.
Designing Advanced Amorphous/Nanocrystalline Alloys by Controlling the Energy State
Authors: Wang Jun‐Qiang , Song Li Jian , Huo Jun Tao , Gao Meng , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2024

Amorphous alloys, also known as metallic glasses, exhibit many advanced mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. Owing to the nonequilibrium nature, their energy states can vary over a wide range. However, the energy relaxation kinetics are very complex and composed of various types that are coupled with each other. This makes it challenging to control the energy state precisely and to study the energy‐properties relationship. This brief review introduces the recent progresses on studying the enthalpy relaxation kinetics during isothermal annealing, for example, the observation of two‐step relaxation phenomenon, the detection of relaxation unit (relaxun), the key role of large activation entropy in triggering memory effect, the influence of glass energy state on nanocrystallization. Based on the above knowledge, a new strategy is proposed to design a series of amorphous alloys and their composites consisting of nanocrystals and glass matrix with superior functional properties by precisely controlling the nonequilibrium energy states. As the typical examples, Fe‐based amorphous alloys with both advanced soft magnetism and good plasticity, Gd‐based amorphous/nanocrystalline composites with large magnetocaloric effect, and Fe‐based amorphous alloys with high catalytic performance are specifically described.
Electromechanically Reconfigurable Terahertz Stereo Metasurfaces
Authors: Prakash Saurav , Pitchappa Prakash , Agrawal Piyush , Jani Hariom , Zhao Yunshan , Kumar Abhishek , Thong John , Linke Jian , Ariando Ariando , Singh Ranjan , Venkatesan Thirumalai
Published: May 2024

Dynamic terahertz devices are vital for the next generation of wireless communication, sensing, and non‐destructive imaging technologies. Metasurfaces have emerged as a paradigm‐shifting platform, offering varied functionalities, miniaturization, and simplified fabrication compared to their 3D counterparts. However, the presence of in‐plane mirror symmetry and reduced degree of freedom impose fundamental limitations on achieving advanced chiral response, beamforming, and reconfiguration capabilities. In this work, a platform composed of electrically actuated resonators that can be colossally reconfigured between planar and 3D geometries is demonstrated. To illustrate the platform, metadevices with 3D Split Ring Resonators are fabricated, wherein two counteracting driving forces are combined: i) folding induced by stress mismatch, which enables non‐volatile state design and ii) unfolding triggered by the strain associated with insulator‐to‐metal transition in VO2, which facilitates volatile structural reconfiguration. This large structural reconfiguration space allows for resonance mode switching, widely tunable magnetic and electric polarizabilities, and increased frequency agility. Moreover, the unique properties of VO2, such as the hysteretic nature of its phase transition is harnessed to demonstrate a multi‐state memory. Therefore, these VO2 integrated metadevices are highly attractive for the realization of 6G communication devices such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, holographic beam formers, and spatial light modulators.
Reprogrammable Mechanics via Individually Switchable Bistable Unit Cells in a Prestrained Chiral Metamaterial
Authors: Tahidul Haque A. B. M. , Ferracin Samuele , Raney Jordan R.
Published: May 2024

Architected materials exhibit unique properties and functionalities based on the geometric arrangement of their constituent materials. In most cases, these parameters are fixed, requiring that the system be redesigned and reconstructed if different properties are desired. Both stimuli‐responsive materials and modular designs have been used to enable re‐programmable properties in the past, but often have limitations, such as the need for a continuous application of external stimuli or power, or unwanted global morphing. In this study, a locally stable anti‐tetra chiral (LSAT) metamaterial is introduced consisting of independently multistable units that can deform and change state without inducing changes in the global morphology. Adjacent cells are only weakly coupled, allowing the collective metamaterial to be switched between many different possible states. Local bistability enables re‐programmable heterogeneity, such as the snapping of cells along an edge or diagonally within the architected material. Utilizing finite element analysis (FEA), the influence of key geometric parameters on the re‐programmability of the metamaterials is systematically investigated. The effect of these parameters on properties such as shear stiffness, Poisson's ratio, and vibration are also investigated using experimental prototypes. This re‐programmable metamaterial promises to expand the design space for mechanical systems, with potential applications in non‐traditional computation, robotic actuation, and adaptive structures.
Pad Printing of Carbon Electrodes with Argon Plasma Activation as a Simple and Low Temperature Manufacturing Process for Antibody‐Type Biosensors
Authors: Condemi Enrico , Kunikowski Joanna , Schoinas Spyridon , Passeraub Philippe
Published: May 2024

In diagnostic tools, rapid in vitro tests such as COVID‐19 antigen or pregnancy tests are gaining significance for identifying various pathologies or health conditions. This shift contributes to a change in the way diagnostic efforts are carried out, emphasizing decentralized approaches that offer valuable services within communities, yielding long‐term advantages for the healthcare system. Considering the substantial quantity of these tests manufactured and used annually, a straightforward manufacturing process is proposed for highly sensitive carbon electrodes designed for antibody‐type biomarker sensors. This process, utilizing pad printing – an additive, low‐temperature, and cost‐effective method, coupled with plasma activation – has proven the electrodes capability to measure interferon gamma protein, a tuberculosis biomarker. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the electrodes display high sensitivity and are capable of measuring concentrations from 10 to 1000 pg mL−1 in undiluted serum within an hour. The sensor, utilizing solely a monolayer of antibodies, achieves a performance equivalent to that of a commercial standard sandwich ELISA tested in this study.
Growth and Photoresponse of WS2/MoSe2 Lateral Heterostructure
Authors: Sheng Mingyuan , Chang Xi , Mao Xiaojun , Gao Yang , Xuan Xiaoyang , Xie Haifen , Mu Haichuan , Niu Yueping , Gong Shangqing , Qian Min
Published: May 2024

The heterostructure of two‐dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) has garnered extensive attention, for the junction is the building block of a semiconductor device. However, the controllable synthesis of TMDC heterostructures of different transition metals and different chalcogen elements is still challenging because of the etching by atom substitution during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Here, a Mo─O transition state with lower energy is introduced to the edge of an as‐grown MoSe2 by using ultraviolet ozone treatment, to prevent the fast atom substitution of S for Se, and enable a stable growth of WS2/MoSe2 lateral heterostructure. A polymer‐free transfer method is developed based on capillary interaction, and atomic structure characterization confirms the high‐quality WS2/MoSe2 lateral heterostructure. The WS2/MoSe2 lateral heterostructure photodetector exhibits superior photoresponse compared to WS2 and MoSe2 devices, with a responsivity of 21.87 A W−1 and a detectivity of 4.2 × 1012 Jones at 350 nm. Kelvin probe force microscopy result reveals that the built‐in electric field within the heterojunction facilitates the effective separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs. This study carries profound implications for the CVD growth and polymer‐free transfer of TMDC heterostructures in photodetector applications.
Support for Baker's law: Facultative self‐fertilization ability decreases pollen limitation in experimental colonization
Authors: Makowski Hanna , Lamb Keric , Galloway Laura F.
Published: May 2024

Premise

The ability to self‐fertilize is predicted to provide an advantage in colonization because a single individual can reproduce and establish a next generation in a new location regardless of the density of mates. While there is theoretical and correlative support for this idea, the strength of mate limitation as a selective agent has not yet been delineated from other factors that can also select for self‐fertilization in colonization of new habitats. We used known mating‐system variation in the American bellflower (Campanula americana) to explore how plants’ ability to self‐fertilize can mitigate density‐dependent reproduction and impact colonization success.

Methods

We created experimental populations of single individuals or a small number of plants to emulate isolated colonization events. These populations were composed of plants that differed in their ability to self‐fertilize. We compared pollen limitation of the single individuals to that of small populations.

Results

Experimental populations of plants that readily self‐fertilize produced consistent seed numbers regardless of population size, whereas plants with lower ability to self‐fertilize had density‐dependent reproduction with greater seed production in small populations than in populations composed of a single individual.

Conclusions

We experimentally isolated the effect of mate limitation in colonization and found that it can select for increased self‐fertilization. We show the benefit of self‐fertilization in colonization, which helps to explain geographic patterns of self‐fertilization and shows support for Baker's law, a long‐held hypothesis in the field of mating‐system evolution.
A simple, safe, eco‐friendly, and unique synthesis of hexahydro‐quinolines employing Fe3O4‐MWCNT@MnO2 as a reusable catalyst
Authors: Rao Adapaka Venkateswara , Maddila Suresh , Anantha Sai Sonali , Robert Alice Rinky , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: May 2024

This work aims to explore the catalytic potential of manganese oxide (MnO2) supported on (Fe3O4‐MWCNT) nano‐composite, which is composed of iron oxide and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes. The nano‐composite was synthesized using a simple impregnation technique. The catalyst material was extensively characterized using a variety of possible analytical methods, including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Then, utilizing a multi‐component condensation protocol comprising substituted aldehydes, cyclohexadione, ethylacetoacetate, and NH4OAc, the catalytic efficacy of the Fe3O4‐MWCNT@MnO2 nano‐composite was assessed for synthesizing novel hexahydro‐quinoline analogues. The catalyst was found to be effective because of its huge specific surface area, stability, porosity, and distinctive exposed surfaces. The catalyst's surface exhibited an exceptionally active nature, as seen by the notably high turnover frequency. Herein, we present a reusable and effective catalytic method that produces outstanding product yields (93%–97%) under mild reaction conditions, using ethanol as a green solvent. Cost‐effectiveness, environmental safety, and high atom efficiency are achieved using the nano‐composite.
Probing the variations of synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and optical properties of new lanthanide and transition metal complexes of salicylaldehyde‐dipropylenetriamine ligand
Authors: Ebqa'ai Mohammad , Reed Daniel R. , Seni Anas Abu , Abul‐Futouh Hassan , Maheshwari Anuj , Noei Nima , Back Nicholas , Latifi Reza , Rheingold Arnold L. , Lutter Erika I. , Champlin Franklin R. , Nelson Toby L.
Published: May 2024

Due to their notable antimicrobial activity and optical properties, Schiff base ligands, along with their lanthanide and transition metal complexes, have seen extensive use in various applications. However, despite their potential, a comprehensive investigation into lanthanide and transition metal complexes using the same Schiff base ligand has not been reported to date. In this study, coordination compounds of lanthanide and transition metal ions were synthesized from the Schiff base ligand salicylaldehyde‐dipropylenetriamine. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectroscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), fluorescence spectroscopy, molar conductivity measurements, and thermogravimetric studies. Furthermore, the molecular structure of the Co (II) complex was determined by means of X‐ray crystallography. Thermogravimetric studies illustrated endothermic and non‐spontaneous degradation pathways of the complexes. UV–Vis spectra showed a new absorption band attributed to the ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer peak supporting the complexation between the ligand and metals. The lanthanide complexes exhibited distinctive luminescence emissions in the Sm (III), Tb (III), and Eu (III) complexes. This observation suggests that the ligand possesses the capability to absorb and efficiently transfer energy to the metal center of these lanthanide ions, thereby resulting in their characteristic luminescent properties. Additionally, antimicrobial investigations revealed that transition metal complexes generally exhibited antimicrobial activity against both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacterial strains compared to lanthanide metal complexes, in most cases. However, it is noteworthy that the Dy (III) complex displayed the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum biocidal concentration values of 16 μg/ml against Staphylococcus epidermidis, indicating its potential as a candidate for the treatment of this pathogenic bacterium. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the variations in the synthesis and characterization of lanthanide and transition metal complexes utilizing the same Schiff base ligand suitable for applications in the pharmaceutical industry and optical material sciences.
Horizontal and vertical movements of the critically endangered Rostroraja alba in a coastal marine protected area
Authors: Kraft Sebastián , Winkler Alexander Claus , Abecasis David
Published: May 2024

Elasmobranchs are slow‐growing marine predators whose populations have declined due to their susceptibility to overfishing, especially affecting species of large size. Rostroraja alba is a large skate that is currently classified as critically endangered.

To address the effects of overfishing and promote the recovery of marine species and habitats, marine protected areas (MPAs) are a commonly implemented management strategy. A critical aspect of their success is using information on species' movement patterns; however, this is frequently not assessed for elasmobranchs.

In this study, acoustic telemetry was used to monitor 30 R. alba in the Professor Luís Saldanha Marine Park (Portugal) to assess their long‐term movements in the context of a coastal MPA and to evaluate the contribution of this kind of spatial management to the conservation of this species.

Immature individuals were more frequently captured than adults, which postulates this area as a potential nursery. The average residency was moderate and relatively consistent throughout the year, as was area use. No marked size or sex‐based differences in movement were noted. Individuals were more active and occurred in shallower waters at night and twilight, and occasional quick vertical movements into the water column, isolated or in sequence, were also noted.

In general, the LSMP seems to offer stable protection to immature R. alba, with no strong seasonal variation. These results provide relevant input for adaptive management measures of this and other similar MPAs and highlight the contribution of these efforts to the protection of nursery areas.
KDPM: Knowledge‐driven dynamic perception model for evacuation scene simulation
Authors: Tang Kecheng , Zhang Jiawen , Shen Yuji , Li Chen , He Gaoqi
Published: May 2024

Evacuation scene simulation has become one important approach for public safety decision‐making. Although existing research has considered various factors, including social forces, panic emotions, and so forth, there is a lack of consideration of how complex environmental factors affect human psychology and behavior. The main idea of this paper is to model complex evacuation environmental factors from the perspective of knowledge and explore pedestrians' emergency response mechanisms to this knowledge. Thus, a knowledge‐driven dynamic perception model (KDPM) for evacuation scene simulation is proposed in this paper. This model combines three modules: knowledge dissemination, dynamic scene perception, and stress response. Both scenario knowledge and hazard source knowledge are extracted and expressed. The improved intelligent agent perception model is designed by adopting position determination. Moreover, a general adaptation syndrome (GAS) model is first presented by introducing a modified stress system model. Experimental results show that the proposed model is closer to the reality of real data sets.
The PI3K/Akt signaling axis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): From mechanistic insights into possible therapeutic targets
Authors: Taheri Rana , Mokhtari Yazdan , Yousefi Amir‐Mohammad , Bashash Davood
Published: May 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an immensely debilitating chronic disease that progressively undermines the well‐being of various bodily organs and, indeed, most patients succumb to the disease due to post‐T2DM complications. Although there is evidence supporting the activation of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway by insulin, which is essential in regulating glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, the significance of this pathway in T2DM has only been explored in a few studies. The current review aims to unravel the mechanisms by which different classes of PI3Ks control the metabolism of glucose; and also to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on this topic. We also summarized the role of the PI3K/Akt signaling axis in target tissues spanning from the skeletal muscle to the adipose tissue and liver. Furthermore, inquiries regarding the impact of disrupting this axis on insulin function and the development of insulin resistance have been addressed. We also provide a general overview of the association of impaired PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of the most prevalent diabetes‐related complications. The last section provides a special focus on the therapeutic potential of this axis by outlining the latest advances in active compounds that alleviate diabetes via modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Finally, we comment on the future research aspects in which the field of T2DM therapies using PI3K modulators might be developed.
Quality Inspection of Battery Separators by Partial Discharge Spectroscopy
Authors: Kumar Peeyush , Kasper Manuel , Kienberger Ferry , Gramse Georg
Published: May 2024

Quality control is highly relevant for safety, sustainability and efficiency of the battery manufacturing process. An early and reliable detection of failures in the production chain is important. Here we present a method for detecting micrometric imperfections and contaminations on the battery separator before filling the battery stack with the electrolyte. We sense these irregularities by measuring an increase of partial discharges when applying between the battery electrodes potentials close, but still well below the breakdown voltage of the separator. We can distinguish different degrees and different types of contamination with a very high confidence. This is enabled by a throughout statistical analysis of the partial discharge events. The overall reliability of detecting a contaminated against the clean separator is 96 %. The technique, as implemented here, uses categorization procedures and machine learning algorithms to automate decision‐making and can accelerate the quality assessment process in pilot lines or small‐ manufacturing. Compared to other methods, like optical detection or full discharge measurements, the here presented approach is very reliable, simple to implement and virtually noninvasive.