bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust direction-of-arrival estimation for a target speaker based on multi-task U-net based direct-path dominance test
Authors: Wang Hao , Gu Zhaoyi , Chen Kai , Lu Jing
Published: February 2021

A dedicated multi-task network for a direct-path dominance test has been proposed recently, based on which the robustness of the direction-of-arrival estimation for a target speaker tends to be significantly improved. In this Letter, the network is further refined to avoid the original two-stage processing. Moreover, the benefit and generalization of the multi-task network are confirmed by comparison with a single-task network on a significantly larger database. The efficacy of the proposed method in high noisy environments is also validated in real application environments.
Combining Sport and Study in High School: An Insight Into a Dual Career Environment in Estonia
Authors: Kiens Kristel , Larsen Carsten H.
Published: February 2021

Although dual career research has received growing attention, there is a lack of research specifically focusing on whole dual career development environments (DCDEs). The overall aim of this study was to provide a thorough insight into a DCDE with two main objectives, as follows: (a) provide a holistic description of a DCDE and connections within the environment and (b) examine factors influencing the environment’s success in supporting student-athletes’ development. The data analysis and collection were guided by recently developed DCDE and dual career environment’s success factors (DC-ESF) models. The data were gathered from multiple perspectives via interviews, informal discussions, and observations to analyze a real-life setting and its everyday processes. The authors found that the school’s dual career philosophy was aimed toward supporting holistic growth development via communication, feedback, and flexibility. The main success factors contributing to the environment’s success were placing importance on effort and task-related focus in everyday activities, being flexible, reinforcing openness, and developing responsibility in student-athletes. Furthermore, providing a systematic daily schedule, establishing systematic information sharing, and organizing a variety of school events contributed to the development of planning, and time management, resilience, effort, and communication skills in student-athletes represented factors of success. These findings are presented in two empirical models (DCDE and DC-ESF) of the Audentes Sports Gymnasium.
Rapid Weight Gain Following Weight Cutting in Male and Female Professional Mixed Martial Artists
Authors: Murugappan Kadhiresan R. , Mueller Ariel , Walsh Daniel P. , Shaefi Shahzad , Leibowitz Akiva , Sarge Todd
Published: February 2021

Rapid weight loss or “weight cutting” is a common but potentially harmful practice used in mixed martial arts competition. Following the official weigh-in, competitors refeed and rehydrate themselves in a process known as rapid weight gain (RWG) to realize a potential competitive advantage. While data from surveys and small series have indicated the majority of mixed martial arts athletes engage in rapid weight loss, there is a lack of officially collected data from sanctioning organizations describing its prevalence. The present investigation represents a summary of the data collected between December 2015 and January 2018 by the California State Athletic Commission. In total, 512 professional mixed martial artists (455 males and 57 females) were included. Of these, 503 (98%) athletes gained body mass between weigh-in and their bouts. Total RWG between weigh-in and competition was 5.5 ± 2.5 kg, corresponding to an 8.1% ± 3.6% body mass increase. Total RWG was 5.6 ± 2.5 kg (8.1% ± 3.6%) for males and 4.5 ± 2.3 kg (8.0% ± 3.8%) for females. More than one quarter of men and one third of women gained >10% body mass between weigh-in and competition. Athletes from leading international promotions gained more absolute, but not relative, body mass than those from regional promotions. Our findings indicate RWG is nearly ubiquitous in professional , with a similar prevalence in male and female athletes. Trends based on promotion suggest a larger magnitude of RWG in presumably more experienced and/or successful mixed martial artists from leading international promotions.
Effects of Myofascial Self-Release on Range of Motion, Pressure Pain Threshold, and Hamstring Strength in Asymptomatic Individuals: A Randomized, Controlled, Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Nehring Alexandre , Serafim Thiago Teixeira , Silva Elisa Raulino , Sprada de Menezes Fábio , Maffulli Nicola , Sanada Luciana Sayuri , Okubo Rodrigo
Published: February 2021

Context: Myofascial self-release is performed using a roller to exert pressure on the soft tissues and to promote effects similar to those of traditional massage. However, there is no standardization regarding its application, mainly in relation to time. Objective: To evaluate the effects of myofascial self-release with a rigid roller on range of motion (ROM), pressure pain threshold (PPT), and hamstring strength in asymptomatic individuals following 2 different times of intervention. Design: Randomized, controlled, blind, clinical trial comparing preintervention and immediately postintervention within 2 groups. Setting: Institutional physiotherapy clinic. Participants: A total of 40 university students (18–30 y), who had no symptoms, participated. Intervention: Foam roller for 30 seconds and 2 minutes for group 2. Main Outcome Measures: Hamstring PPT, knee-extension ROM, and peak knee-flexion torque measured before and immediately after the intervention. Results: Both groups experienced a statistically significant increase in ROM compared with baseline (30 s and 2 min for group 2 P < .024). There were no statistically significant differences comparing peak knee-flexion torque or PPT. Conclusions: Hamstring myofascial self-release using a roller for 30 seconds or 2 minutes produced an increase in ROM in healthy individuals. PPT and peak knee-flexion isometric torque showed no effects.
Plasma cells shape the mesenchymal identity of ovarian cancers through transfer of exosome-derived microRNAs
Authors: Yang Zhengnan , Wang Wei , Zhao Linjie , Wang Xin , Gimple Ryan C. , Xu Lian , Wang Yuan , Rich Jeremy N. , Zhou Shengtao
Published: February 2021

Plasma cells shape the mesenchymal identity of ovarian cancers through exosome-mediated miR-330-3p/JAM2 axis.
Chimpanzees behave prosocially in a group-specific manner
Authors: van Leeuwen Edwin J. C. , DeTroy Sarah E. , Kaufhold Stephan P. , Dubois Clara , Schütte Sebastian , Call Josep , Haun Daniel B. M.
Published: February 2021

An experiment with chimpanzees in three neighboring communities show that they behave prosocially in a group-specific manner.
Islet expression of type I interferon response sensors is associated with immune infiltration and viral infection in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Apaolaza Paola S. , Balcacean Diana , Zapardiel-Gonzalo Jose , Nelson Grace , Lenchik Nataliya , Akhbari Pouria , Gerling Ivan , Richardson Sarah J. , Rodriguez-Calvo Teresa ,   nPOD-Virus Group
Published: February 2021

Interferon response sensors are expressed in the islet of Langerhans during the course of type 1 diabetes.
Functional antagonism of chromatin modulators regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Serresi Michela , Kertalli Sonia , Li Lifei , Schmitt Matthias Jürgen , Dramaretska Yuliia , Wierikx Jikke , Hulsman Danielle , Gargiulo Gaetano
Published: February 2021

Chromatin modulators with antagonistic functions on epithelial-mesenchymal interconversion regulate common pan-cancer genes.
Hierarchical mechanical metamaterials built with scalable tristable elements for ternary logic operation and amplitude modulation
Authors: Zhang Hang , Wu Jun , Fang Daining , Zhang Yihui
Published: February 2021

A class of mechanical metamaterials with scalable tristable elements was developed to offer programmable multistability.
Electrostatic bellow muscle actuators and energy harvesters that stack up
Authors: Sîrbu I. D. , Moretti G. , Bortolotti G. , Bolignari M. , Diré S. , Fambri L. , Vertechy R. , Fontana M.
Published: February 2021

An electrostatic transducer based on dielectric polymers and fluids operates as a contractile actuator, a pump, or an energy harvester.
A heterozygous germline CD100 mutation in a family with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Jiang Xiaojun , Bergquist Annika , Löscher Britt-Sabina , Venkatesh Geetha , Mold Jeff E. , Holm Kristian , Laerdahl Jon K. , Skånland Sigrid S. , Maleki Kimia T. , Cornillet Martin , Taskén Kjetil , Franke Andre , Karlsen Tom H. , Björkström Niklas K. , Melum Espen
Published: February 2021

A mutation in CD100, identified in a family with inherited primary sclerosing cholangitis, leads to dysfunctional T cells and cholangitis development.
Platelet-derived growth factor C signaling is a potential therapeutic target for radiation proctopathy
Authors: Lu Weisi , Xie Yunling , Huang Binjie , Ma Tenghui , Wang Huaiming , Deng Boxiong , Zou Shaomin , Wang Wencong , Tang Qin , Yang Ziqing , Li Xuri , Wang Lei , Fang Lekun
Published: February 2021

Platelet-derived growth factor C signaling promotes radiation proctopathy development and can be inhibited in a mouse model.
Mechanism and reversal of drug-induced nephrotoxicity on a chip
Authors: Cohen Aaron , Ioannidis Konstantinos , Ehrlich Avner , Regenbaum Shaun , Cohen Merav , Ayyash Muneef , Tikva Sigal Shafran , Nahmias Yaakov
Published: February 2021

Sensor-embedded spheroids-on-a-chip reveal the mechanisms of cisplatin- and cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity and identify a potential therapeutic.
Load-induced regulation of tendon homeostasis by SPARC, a genetic predisposition factor for tendon and ligament injuries
Authors: Wang Tao , Wagner Andrea , Gehwolf Renate , Yan Wenjin , Passini Fabian S. , Thien Christine , Weissenbacher Nadja , Lin Zhen , Lehner Christine , Teng Huajian , Wittner Claudia , Zheng Qiujian , Dai Jin , Ni Ming , Wang Allan , Papadimitriou John , Leys Toby , Tuan Rocky S. , Senck Sasha , Snedeker Jess G. , Tempfer Herbert , Jiang Qing , Zheng Ming H. , Traweger Andreas
Published: February 2021

The extracellular matrix protein SPARC modulates load sensing in tendons and is critical for tissue maturation and homeostasis.
Antibody Screening System Using a Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-Based Probe To Identify a Novel Target for Receptor-Retargeted Oncolytic HSVs
Authors: Ikeda Hitomi , Uchida Hiroaki , Okubo Yu , Shibata Tomoko , Sasaki Yasuhiko , Suzuki Takuma , Hamada-Uematsu Mika , Hamasaki Ryota , Okuda Kosaku , Yamaguchi Miki , Kojima Masaki , Tanaka Masato , Hamada Hirofumi , Tahara Hideaki
Published: February 2021

The tropism of the cellular entry of HSV is dependent on the binding of the envelope gD to one of its authentic receptors. This can be fully retargeted to other receptors by inserting scFvs into gD with appropriate modifications.
A Comparative Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals Characterizes 3CL
pro
Inhibitor PF-00835231 as a Potential New Treatment for COVID-19
Authors: de Vries Maren , Mohamed Adil S. , Prescott Rachel A. , Valero-Jimenez Ana M. , Desvignes Ludovic , O’Connor Rebecca , Steppan Claire , Devlin Joseph C. , Ivanova Ellie , Herrera Alberto , Schinlever Austin , Loose Paige , Ruggles Kelly , Koralov Sergei B. , Anderson Annaliesa S. , Binder Joseph , Dittmann Meike
Published: February 2021

The arsenal of SARS-CoV-2 specific antiviral drugs is extremely limited. Only one direct-acting antiviral drug is currently approved, the viral polymerase inhibitor remdesivir, and it has limited efficacy.
The FAT10 Posttranslational Modification Is Involved in Lytic Replication of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus
Authors: Sugimoto Atsuko , Abe Yuichi , Watanabe Tadashi , Hosokawa Kohei , Adachi Jun , Tomonaga Takeshi , Iwatani Yasumasa , Murata Takayuki , Fujimuro Masahiro
Published: February 2021

Ubiquitin and UBL posttranslational modifications, including FAT10, are utilized and dysregulated by viruses for achievement of effective infection and virion production. The UBE1L2-FAT10 system catalyzes FAT10ylation, where one or more FAT10 molecules are covalently linked to a substrate.
Molecular and Structural Insights into the Life Cycle of Rubella Virus
Authors: Das Pratyush Kumar , Kielian Margaret
Published: February 2021

Rubella virus (RUBV), a rubivirus, is an airborne human pathogen that generally causes mild measles-like symptoms in children or adults. However, RUBV infection of pregnant women can result in miscarriage or congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), a collection of long-term birth defects, including incomplete organ development and mental retardation.
Draft Genome Sequence of Invasive Salmonella enterica Serovar Cannstatt Harboringmcr-1.1, Isolated from a Fatal Sepsis Case
Authors: Paveenkittiporn Wantana , Kamjumphol Watcharaporn , Kerdsin Anusak
Published: February 2021

Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of multidrug-resistantSalmonella entericaserovar Cannstatt harboringmcr-1.1, isolated from a fatal sepsis case. Genomic analysis revealed that the isolate was sequence type 2390 carryingmcr-1.1,blaCTX-M-14,aac(3)IId,aac(6′)Iaa,floR,qnrS1,sul2,tetA, andtetM. Three Inc plasmids were observed, including the IncX4 plasmid containingmcr-1.1.
Genome Sequence of a
Minacovirus
Strain from a Farmed Mink in The Netherlands
Authors: Kwok Kirsty T. T. , de Rooij Myrna M. T. , Sinartio Felisita F. , Smit Lidwien A. M. , Koopmans Marion P. G. , Phan My V. T.
Published: February 2021

We report the genome sequence of a
Minacovirus
strain identified from a fecal sample from a farmed mink (
Neovison vison
) in The Netherlands that was tested negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The viral genome sequence was obtained using agnostic deep sequencing.
Supplemental Material: New age constraints on the duration and origin of the Late Ordovician Guttenberg d13Ccarb excursion from high-precision U-Pb geochronology of K-bentonites
Authors: Metzger J. Garrecht , Ramezani Jahandar , al. et
Published: February 2021

Table S1: U-Pb data for analyzed zircons from Ordovician K-bentonites, Missouri, United States.
Successful thrombolysis of normotensive pulmonary embolism with life-threatening hypoxia in a young man with Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Jasenthu Kankanamage Nuwan Dhanushka Miththinda , Gome James
Published: February 2021

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) affects males born with an additional X chromosome giving the genotype 47XXY classically. This syndrome has primary features of infertility and hypogonadism along with other features including a genetically hypercoagulable state. When associated with other risk factors, KS further increases the risk of venous thromboembolism and could result in life-threatening pulmonary embolism (PE). There should be a lower threshold in suspecting PE as a cause of acute respiratory failure in this patient group and thrombolysis should be considered early in normotensive PE with severe hypoxia for best patient outcomes. Furthermore, clinicians should be cautious in managing testosterone therapy in patients with KS and additional thromboembolic risk factors.
Excess mortality in Wuhan city and other parts of China during the three months of the covid-19 outbreak: findings from nationwide mortality registries
Authors: Liu Jiangmei , Zhang Lan , Yan Yaqiong , Zhou Yuchang , Yin Peng , Qi Jinlei , Wang Lijun , Pan Jingju , You Jinling , Yang Jing , Zhao Zhenping , Wang Wei , Liu Yunning , Lin Lin , Wu Jing , Li Xinhua , Chen Zhengming , Zhou Maigeng
Published: February 2021

Objective

To assess excess all cause and cause specific mortality during the three months (1 January to 31 March 2020) of the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak in Wuhan city and other parts of China.

Design

Nationwide mortality registries.

Setting

605 urban districts and rural counties in China’s nationally representative Disease Surveillance Point (DSP) system.

Participants

More than 300 million people of all ages.

Main outcome measures

Observed overall and weekly mortality rates from all cause and cause specific diseases for three months (1 January to 31 March 2020) of the covid-19 outbreak compared with the predicted (or mean rates for 2015-19) in different areas to yield rate ratio.

Results

The DSP system recorded 580 819 deaths from January to March 2020. In Wuhan DSP districts (n=3), the observed total mortality rate was 56% (rate ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval 1.33 to 1.87) higher than the predicted rate (1147
v
735 per 100 000), chiefly as a result of an eightfold increase in deaths from pneumonia (n=1682; 275
v
33 per 100 000; 8.32, 5.19 to 17.02), mainly covid-19 related, but a more modest increase in deaths from certain other diseases, including cardiovascular disease (n=2347; 408
v
316 per 100 000; 1.29, 1.05 to 1.65) and diabetes (n=262; 46
v
25 per 100 000; 1.83, 1.08 to 4.37). In Wuhan city (n=13 districts), 5954 additional (4573 pneumonia) deaths occurred in 2020 compared with 2019, with excess risks greater in central than in suburban districts (50%
v
15%). In other parts of Hubei province (n=19 DSP areas), the observed mortality rates from pneumonia and chronic respiratory diseases were non-significantly 28% and 23% lower than the predicted rates, despite excess deaths from covid-19 related pneumonia. Outside Hubei (n=583 DSP areas), the observed total mortality rate was non-significantly lower than the predicted rate (675
v
715 per 100 000), with significantly lower death rates from pneumonia (0.53, 0.46 to 0.63), chronic respiratory diseases (0.82, 0.71 to 0.96), and road traffic incidents (0.77, 0.68 to 0.88).

Conclusions

Except in Wuhan, no increase in overall mortality was found during the three months of the covid-19 outbreak in other parts of China. The lower death rates from certain non-covid-19 related diseases might be attributable to the associated behaviour changes during lockdown.
To burn-out or not to burn-out: a cross-sectional study in healthcare professionals in Spain during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Torrente Maria , Sousa Pedro AC , Sánchez-Ramos Ana , Pimentao Joao , Royuela Ana , Franco Fabio , Collazo-Lorduy Ana , Menasalvas Ernestina , Provencio Mariano
Published: February 2021

Objective

To assess the prevalence of burn-out syndrome in healthcare workers working on the front line (FL) in Spain during COVID-19.

Design

Cross-sectional, online survey-based study.

Settings

Sampling was performed between 21st April and 3rd May 2020. The survey collected demographic data and questions regarding participants’ working position since pandemic outbreak.

Participants

Spanish healthcare workers working on the FL or usual ward were eligible. A total of 674 healthcare professionals answered the survey.

Main outcomes and measures

Burn-out syndrome was assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Medical Personnel.

Results

Of the 643 eligible responding participants, 408 (63.5%) were physicians, 172 (26.8%) were nurses and 63 (9.8%) other technical occupations. 377 (58.6%) worked on the FL. Most participants were women (472 (73.4%)), aged 31–40 years (163 (25.3%)) and worked in tertiary hospitals (>600 beds) (260 (40.4%)). Prevalence of burn-out syndrome was 43.4% (95% CI 39.5% to 47.2%), higher in COVID-19 FL workers (49.6%, p<0.001) than in non- COVID-19 FL workers (34.6%, p<0.001). Women felt more burn-out (60.8%, p=0.016), were more afraid of self-infection (61.9%, p=0.021) and of their performance and quality of care provided to the patients (75.8%, p=0.015) than men. More burn-out were those between 20 and 30 years old (65.2%, p=0.026) and those with more than 15 years of experience (53.7%, p=0.035).

Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that, working on COVID-19 FL (OR 1.93; 95% CI 1.37 to 2.71, p<0.001), being a woman (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.29, p=0.022), being under 30 years old (OR 1.75; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.89, p=0.028) and being a physician (OR 1.64; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.41, p=0.011) were associated with high risk of burn-out syndrome.

Conclusions

This survey study of healthcare professionals reported high rates of burn-out syndrome. Interventions to promote mental well-being in healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 need to be immediately implemented.
Care homes education: what can we learn?
Authors: Armstrong Sarah Frances , Gluck Tim , Gorringe Anna , Stork Annie , Jowett Sally , Nadicksbernd J J , Salt Matthew , Bradley Kelly
Published: February 2021

Medical care received by care home residents can be variable. Initiatives, such as matron-led community teams, ensure a timely response to alerts about unwell residents. But early recognition of deterioration is vital in accessing this help. The aim of this project was to design and deliver an education programme for carers. It was hypothesised that the implementation of a teaching programme may result in improved medical care for residents. By understanding the enablers and barriers to implementing teaching, we hoped to identify the components of a successful teaching programme. Four care homes in Enfield received training on topics such as deterioration recognition over a 1-year period. The project was evaluated at 3, 6 and 9 months. Each evaluation comprised: pre-and-post-teaching questionnaires, focus groups, analysis of percentages of staff trained, review of overall and potentially avoidable, hospital admission rates. A Plan–Do–Study–Act cycle structure was used. The programme was well-received by carers, who gave examples of application of learning. Modules about conditions frequently resulting in hospital admission, or concerning real cases, demonstrated the best pre-and-post lesson change scores. However, the reach of the programme was low, with attendance rates between 5% and 28%. Overall, the percentage of staff trained in deterioration recognition ranged from 35% (care home one) to 12% (care home three). Hospital admissions reduced from 37 hospital admissions to 20 over the duration of the project. Potentially avoidable admissions reduced from 16 to 5. Proving causality to the intervention was difficult. Factors facilitating delivery of training included a flexible approach, an activity-based curriculum, alignment of topics with real cases and embedding key messages in every tutorial. Barriers included: time pressures, shift work, low attendance rates, inequitable perception of the value of teaching and IT issues. Care home factors impacting on delivery included: stability of management and internal communication systems.

please ensure space here
‘Palliative care education in nursing homes: a qualitative evaluation of telementoring
Authors: Manson Jane , Gardiner Clare , Taylor Paul , Ghasemi Lynne , Westerdale-Shaw Emma , Sutton Lucy , Cawley Helen
Published: February 2021

There is an increasing need to support nursing homes in palliative care to reduce suffering and avoid unnecessary hospital admissions at the end of life. Providing education to nursing homes faces many barriers including structural systems and cultural issues. In order to overcome some of these barriers, education using Project Extension for Community Health Outcomes (ECHO) methodology has been delivered to nursing homes throughout a large city in England. This paper aims to explore participant experience in Project ECHO for nursing homes.

Methodology

Qualitative semistructured interviews with a purposive sample of nursing home staff. Interviews were conducted by one researcher and transcribed verbatim. Line-by-line coding and categorisation were used to form themes.

Results

Eleven interviews were completed with data saturation reached by interview eight. The following themes were revealed: Barriers and facilitators to accessing Project ECHO, Community of Practice and Communication with nursing homes and data extraction.

Conclusion

Project ECHO is an accessible, acceptable and engaging way of delivering palliative care education to nursing homes combatting some of the traditional barriers that nursing homes face in accessing training.
Integrated eye tracking on Magic Leap One during augmented reality medical simulation: a technical report
Authors: Caruso Thomas J , Hess Olivia , Roy Kenny , Wang Ellen , Rodriguez Samuel , Palivathukal Coby , Haber Nick
Published: February 2021

Augmented reality (AR) has been studied as a clinical teaching tool, however eye-tracking capabilities integrated within an AR medical simulator have limited research. The recently developed Chariot Augmented Reality Medical (CHARM) simulator integrates real-time communication into a portable medical simulator. The purpose of this project was to refine the gaze-tracking capabilities of the CHARM simulator on the Magic Leap One (ML1). Adults aged 18 years and older were recruited using convenience sampling. Participants were provided with an ML1 headset that projected a hologram of a patient, bed and monitor. They were instructed via audio recording to gaze at variables in this scenario. The participant gaze targets from the ML1 output were compared with the specified gaze points from the audio recording. A priori investigators planned to iterative modifications of the eye-tracking software until a capture rate of 80% was achieved. Two consecutive participants with a capture rate less than 80% triggered software modifications and the project concluded after three consecutive participants’ capture rates were greater than 80%. Thirteen participants were included in the study. Eye-tracking concordance was less than 80% reliable in the first 10 participants. The investigators hypothesised that the eye movement detection threshold was too sensitive, thus the algorithm was adjusted to reduce noise. The project concluded after the final three participants’ gaze capture rates were 80%, 80% and 80.1%, respectively. This report suggests that eye-tracking technology can be reliably used with the ML1 enabled with CHARM simulator software.
What is the significance of nitrosamine contamination in medicines?
Authors: Erskine David , Wood David
Published: February 2021

Topics for DTB review articles are selected by DTB’s editorial board to provide concise overviews of medicines and other treatments to help patients get the best care. Articles include a summary of key points and a brief overview for patients. Articles may also have a series of multiple choice CME questions.
Point of view on the vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Furer Victoria , Rondaan Christien , Agmon-Levin Nancy , van Assen Sander , Bijl Marc , Kapetanovic Meliha Crnkic , de Thurah Annette , Mueller-Ladner Ulf , Paran Daphna , Schreiber Karen , Warnatz Klaus , Wulffraat Nico M , Elkayam Ori
Published: February 2021

In view of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an unmet clinical need for the guidelines on vaccination of patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (AIIRD). This position paper summarises the current data on COVID-19 infection in patients with AIIRD and development of vaccines against COVID-19, discusses the aspects of efficacy and safety of vaccination, and proposes preliminary considerations on vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with AIIRD, mainly based on the expert opinion and knowledge on the use of other vaccines in this population of patients.
Effect of dietary lipid inclusion from by-product-based pellets on dry matter intake, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestion in finishing beef heifers
Authors: Joy F. , Johnson J.A. , Górka P. , McKinnon J.J. , Hendrick S. , Penner G.B.
Published: February 2021

This study was designed to evaluate dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation, ruminal digesta outflow, omasal flow of N constituents, and ruminal and total-tract digestibility in response to increasing dietary lipid content derived from high-lipid by-product-based pellets for finishing beef cattle. Five ruminally cannulated heifers were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Dietary treatments were iso-nitrogenous with increasing ether extract (EE) concentrations resulting in dietary concentrations of 3.5%, 4.2%, 4.7%, 5.1%, and 5.9% of dry matter. Periods were 28 d in duration with the first 19 d used for dietary adaptation and the last 9 d for sample and data collection. Dry matter intake, ruminal pH, omasal flow of N constituents, and short-chain fatty acid concentrations were not affected by increasing dietary EE content (P ≥ 0.10). Increasing dietary EE content increased outflow of EE from the rumen (P < 0.001). Apparent ruminal and total-tract digestibility of EE increased linearly (P ≤ 0.03) with increasing dietary EE levels. Results indicate that increasing dietary EE content from 3.5% up to 5.9% of DM by including high-lipid by-product-based pellets does not alter site of nutrient digestibility with no negative effects on nutrient intake, ruminal fermentation, or apparent ruminal, and total-tract digestibility.
Effects of colostrum management on transfer of passive immunity and the potential role of colostral bioactive components on neonatal calf development and metabolism
Authors: Fischer-Tlustos A.J. , Lopez A. , Hare K.S. , Wood K.M. , Steele M.A.
Published: February 2021

Neonatal dairy and beef calves are required to ingest adequate volumes of high-quality colostrum during their first hours of life to acquire transfer of passive immunity (TPI). As such, immunoglobulin G (IgG) has largely been the focus of colostrum research over recent decades. Yet, little is known about the additional bioactive compounds in colostrum that potentially influence newborn calf development and metabolism. The purpose of this narrative review is to synthesize research regarding the effects of colostrum management practices on TPI, as well as to address the potential role of additional colostral bioactive molecules, including oligosaccharides, fatty acids, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I, in promoting calf development and metabolism. Due to the importance of IgG in ensuring calf immunity and health, we review past research describing the process of colostrogenesis and dam factors influencing the concentrations of IgG in an effort to maximize TPI. We also address the transfer of additional bioactive compounds in colostrum and prepartum management and dam factors that influence their concentrations. Finally, we highlight key areas of future research for the scientific community to pursue to ultimately improve the health and welfare of neonatal dairy calves.
Chemical separation of acrylic color components enabling the identification of the pigment spectroscopic response
Authors: Barni Dario , Raimondo Luisa , Galli Anna , Yivlialin Rossella , Caglio Simone , Martini Marco , Sassella Adele
Published: February 2021

Acrylic colors are mixtures of several components that can be identified as pigments, binders, and fillers, so that, when analyzed, the characteristic response of the different components may not be recognizable. This limits the accuracy of spectroscopic techniques, nonetheless particularly useful as they are noninvasive and can be applied in situ on real artworks. Here, a method is proposed to chemically separate and identify the different components of acrylic colors, in order to be able to study their spectroscopic response separately, in particular by ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared diffuse reflectance. The results clearly show that the chemical and analytical method developed here is fully reliable, with the advantage of clearly separating the response of the different components without any change of their chromatic/chemical properties. As a case study, the new method is applied here to original acrylic colors used by the Italian artist Ico Parisi, in view of building a spectra database.
Minimum Linear Arrangement of the Cartesian Product of Optimal Order Graph and Path
Authors: Abraham Jessie , Arockiaraj Micheal
Published: February 2021

The minimum linear arrangement of an arbitrary graph is the embedding of the vertices of the graph onto the line topology in such a way that the sum of the distances between adjacent vertices in the graph is minimized. This minimization can be attained by finding an optimal ordering of the vertex set of the graph and labeling the vertices of the line in that order. In this paper, we compute the minimum linear arrangement of the Cartesian product of certain sequentially optimal order graphs which include interconnection networks such as hypercube, folded hypercube, complete Josephus cube and locally twisted cube with path and the edge faulty counterpart of sequentially optimal order graphs.
The Role of Acupuncture on the Gut–Brain–Microbiota Axis in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Yaklai Kiangyada , Pattanakuhar Sintip , Chattipakorn Nipon , Chattipakorn Siriporn C.
Published: February 2021

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract, commonly characterized by abdominal pain or abdominal discomfort. These symptoms can substantially reduce the quality of life and work productivity of the patients. The exact pathogenesis of IBS remains unclear, as it has become apparent that multiple pathways are activated in the condition, including inflammation, immunology, neurology and psychology. Recent evidence has shown that symptoms in IBS are related to the dysfunction of the nervous system, particularly the viscerosomatic pathway, through immune-to-brain communication. The potential link between brain–gut relationships is gut microbiota. The management of IBS mostly focuses on symptomatically treating the patients. There are a wide range of standard treatments, including pharmacological to psychological interventions which are effective in some patients. Therefore, a combination of therapies including both standard and complimentary treatments, including Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) such as acupuncture, have been used in treating IBS patients. Several in vivo and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of acupuncture in treating IBS. Increasing attention has been paid to research regarding the action mechanisms of acupuncture for IBS. This paper summarizes and discusses the possible mechanisms associated with acupuncture on the pathophysiology of IBS, including gastrointestinal (GI) motility, visceral hypersensitivity, the immune system, neurotransmitters, and the brain–gut axis. The results fromin vivo and clinical studies have been included. In addition, the effects of acupuncture on gut microbiota in IBS are included and any contradictory findings are deliberated.
A Review of Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Sophora tonkinensis with Bioinformatics Prediction
Authors: Zhang Shuai-Nan , Li Xu-Zhao , Tan Long-Yan , Zhu Kui-Yuan
Published: February 2021

Sophora tonkinensis Gagnep. (ST) (Fabaceae) is distributed chiefly in south-central and southeast China and Vietnam. In traditional Chinese medicine theory, the root and rhizome of ST are toxic and mainly used in the treatment of pharyngeal and laryngeal diseases. Modern studies provide new insights into the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of ST. The pharmacological and toxicological properties of ST were reviewed in this paper based on the literature from Google Scholar and CNKI, and the bioinformatics platforms were applied to explore the pharmacological and toxicological potentials of ST. The results of the literature analysis showed that ST has hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects and produces obvious toxicity to the liver and nervous and cardiovascular system. The results of bioinformatics showed that the compounds from ST may be applied to the treatment of cancer and digestive and nervous system diseases and show the possibility to cause hematotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. The present review demonstrates that attention should be paid to the potential toxicity of ST in the treatment of diseases and provides the reference for the subsequent pharmacological toxicological studies on the mechanism and chemical basis of ST.
Study dearomatization of kerosene by IR and UV spectral analysis
Authors: Huseynov H. J.
Published: February 2021

This work is devoted to study the extraction dearomatization of the kerosene fraction using ionic liquids synthesized on the basis of formic acid and morpholine, as well as acetic acid and diethylamine as a selective solvent. The influence of various factors on the selective purification process has been investigated and the conditions for dearomatization of kerosene have been determined. The group hydrocarbon composition of the dearomatized kerosene raffinate samples by ion-liquid extraction was determined by IR and UV spectral analysis.
High-Low Level Support Vector Regression Prediction Approach (HL-SVR) for Data Modeling with Input Parameters of Unequal Sample Sizes
Authors: Shi Maolin , Lv Liye , Guo Zhenggang , Sun Wei , Song Xueguan , Li Hongyou
Published: February 2021

Support vector regression (SVR) has been widely used to reduce the high computational cost of computer simulation. SVR assumes the input parameters have equal sample sizes, but unequal sample sizes are often encountered in engineering practices. To solve this issue, a new prediction approach based on SVR, namely as high-low level SVR approach (HL-SVR) is proposed for data modeling of input parameters of unequal sample sizes in this paper. The proposed approach consists of low-level SVR models for the input parameters of larger sample sizes and high-level SVR model for the input parameters of smaller sample sizes. For each training point of the input parameters of smaller sample sizes, one low-level SVR model is built based on its corresponding input parameters of larger sample sizes and their responses of interest. The high-level SVR model is built based on the obtained responses from the low-level SVR models and the input parameters of smaller sample sizes. A number of numerical examples are used to validate the performance of HL-SVR. The experimental results indicate that HL-SVR can produce more accurate prediction results than SVR. The proposed approach is applied to the stress analysis of dental implant, in which the structural parameters have massive samples but the material of implant can only be selected from Ti and its alloys. The obtained prediction results of the HL-SVR approach are much better than SVR. The proposed approach can be used for the design, optimization, and analysis of engineering systems with input parameters of unequal sample sizes.
On the Topology Update of the Numerical Manifold Method for Multiple Crack Propagation
Authors: He Jun , Huang Shuling , Ding Xiuli , Zhang Yuting , Liu Dengxue
Published: February 2021

Crack initiation and propagation are the two key issues of concern in the geotechnical engineering. In this study, the numerical manifold method (NMM) is applied to simulate crack propagation and the topology update of the NMM for multiple crack propagation is studied. The crack-tip asymptotic interpolation function is incorporated into the NMM to increase the accuracy of the crack-tip stress field. In addition, the Mohr-Coulomb criterion with tensile cut off is adopted to be the crack propagation criterion to judge the direction of crack initiation and propagation. Then a crack tip searching method is developed to automatically update the position of the crack tips. The inapplicability of the original loop search method in the NMM is also illustrated and a novel loop search method based on manifold elements is developed for physical loop updating. Moreover, methods for the manifold element updating and physical cover updating are provided. Based on the above study, the developed numerical method is capable to simulate multiple crack propagation. At last, typical rock rupture problems are numerically simulated to manifest the effectiveness of the developed numerical method.
Numerical Simulation of a 2D Layered Anode for use in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Galashev Alexander
Published: February 2021

An important technological problem is solved by numerical methods. Doping of silicene with phosphorus allows changing the morphology of the walls of the silicene channel without reducing their strength. The structure of lithium packings in the channels is studied in detail. The distribution of normal stresses in the walls of the channel before lithium intercalation and after complete lithium filling is determined. The calculated densities of electronic states allow us to conclude that both doped and undoped silicene on a graphite substrate become electrically conductive. The studied two-dimensional silicene can be used as an anode for next-generation lithium-ion batteries.
Qualitative analysis of a diffusive predator–prey model with Allee and fear effects
Authors: Liu Jia
Published: February 2021

In this study, we consider a diffusive predator–prey model with multiple Allee effects induced by fear factors. We investigate the existence, boundedness and permanence of the solution of the system. We also discuss the existence and non-existence of non-constant solutions. We derive sufficient conditions for spatially homogeneous (non-homogenous) Hopf bifurcation and steady state bifurcation. Theoretical and numerical simulations show that strong Allee effect and fear effect have great effect on the dynamics of system.
Isophote curves on spacelike surfaces in Lorentz–Minkowski space
Authors: Doğan Fatih , Yaylı Yusuf
Published: February 2021

An isophote curve consists of a locus of surface points whose normal vectors make a constant angle with a fixed vector (the axis). In this paper, we define an isophote curve on a spacelike surface in Lorentz–Minkowski space [Formula: see text] and then find its axis as timelike and spacelike vectors via the Darboux frame. Besides, we give some relations between isophote curves and special curves on surfaces such as geodesic curves, asymptotic curves or lines of curvature.
Kashmir Conflict: Reflections in Media after Abrogation of Special Status
Authors: DASH SATYA PRAKASH
Published: February 2021

The paper is a brief analysis of the various discussions and news reported in media of four countries, after the abrogation of Art. 35(A) and Art. 370. The paper also discusses the historical genesis of the Kashmir dynamics and how the Kashmir conflict has assumed different perceptions and distinction amid the international community. The paper tries to present the depiction of Kashmir, after abrogation, to the international audience within the bilateral dimension between India and Pakistan. Adhering to the principle of neutrality, the paper presents some of the factual topics of discussion after the abrogation of the special status of Kashmir under Art. 370 and Art. 35A. The paper analyzes the news and debates in Chinese CGTN TV and Global Times; select American print media Washington Post, New York Times, and USA Today; the India Today TV and Pakistan’s Geo News and ARY News. The paper shows how the contents vary according to the suitability of the particular countries’ priority and policies.
P2-Type Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 Synthesized by Solution Combustion Method as an Efficient Cathode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Kumar V. Kiran , Ghosh Sourav , Biswas Sanjay , Martha Surendra K.
Published: February 2021

P2-type sodium transition metal oxide materials have a high theoretical capacity (∼170–210 mAh g−1) and exhibit high sodium-ion diffusion rates. In the present work, we report P2-type Sodium layered transition metal oxide Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 material prepared by the simple solution combustion method followed by thermal treatment is studied as a promising cathode for Sodium-ion Batteries (SIBs). The formation of a pure hexagonal crystal system P2- Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 with P63/mmc phase having plate-like morphology is confirmed. The electrochemical performance of the P2- Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 as cathode for Sodium-ion Batteries shows an initial discharge capacity of ∼166 mAh g−1 with a moderate capacity retention of ∼111 mAh g−1 at a 0.1 C rate for 100 cycles. Further, the C rate performance of the material shows a reasonable capacity of >95 mAh g−1 at a 1 C rate. The slow decrease in performance during cycling of Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 cathode is due to surface reconstruction, intragranular cracks, transition metal reduction and dissolution, and electrolyte decomposition which is evident from various surface studies. The P2-Na0.67Mn0.5Fe0.5O2 exhibits stable cycling and C-rate performance between 0.1C–1C which is superior to many of the literature results.
Control of colonic motility using electrical stimulation to modulate enteric neural activity
Authors: Barth Bradley B. , Travis Lee , Spencer Nick J. , Grill Warren M.
Published: February 2021

Maintained physiological distension of the isolated mouse colon induces rhythmic cyclic myoelectric complexes (MCs). MCs evoked repeatedly by closed-loop electrical stimulation entrain MCs more frequently than spontaneously occurring MCs. Electrical stimulation delivered at the onset of a contraction temporarily suppresses the propagation of MC contractions. Controlled electrical stimulation can either evoke MCs or temporarily delay MCs in the isolated mouse colon, depending on timing relative to ongoing activity.
Reticulocalbin 3 deficiency in alveolar epithelium attenuated LPS-induced ALI via NF-κB signaling
Authors: Shi Xiaoqian , An Xiaojie , Yang Liu , Wu Zhipeng , Zan Danni , Li Zhaohong , Pang Baosen , Chen Yan , Li Jiujie , Tan Pingping , Ma Runlin Z. , Fang Qiuhong , Ma Yingmin , Jin Jiawei
Published: February 2021

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by acute lung injury (ALI) secondary to an excessive alveolar inflammatory response. Reticulocalbin 3 (Rcn3) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen protein in the secretory pathway. We previously reported the indispensable role of Rcn3 in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs) during lung development and the lung injury repair process. In the present study, we further observed a marked induction of Rcn3 in the alveolar epithelium during LPS-induced ALI. In vitro alveolar epithelial (MLE-12) cells consistently exhibited a significant induction of Rcn3 accompanied with NF-κB activation in response to LPS exposure. We examined the role of Rcn3 in the alveolar inflammatory response by using mice with a selective deletion of Rcn3 in alveolar epithelial cells upon doxycycline administration. The Rcn3 deficiency significantly blunted the ALI and alveolar inflammation induced by intratracheal LPS instillation but not that induced by an intraperitoneal LPS injection (secondary insult); the alleviated ALI was accompanied by decreases in NF-κB activation and NLRP3 levels but not in GRP78 and cleaved caspase-3 levels. The studies conducted in MLE-12 cells consistently showed that Rcn3 knockdown blunted the activations of NF-κB signaling and NLRP3-dependent inflammasome upon LPS exposure. Collectively, these findings suggest a novel role for Rcn3 in regulating the alveolar inflammatory response to pulmonary infection via the NF-κB/NLRP3/inflammasome axis and shed additional light on the mechanism of ARDS/ALI.