bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table 4 from Childhood Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Functional Mannose Binding Lectin Polymorphisms Are Associated with Increased Lung Cancer Risk
Authors: Olivo-Marston Susan E. , Yang Ping , Mechanic Leah E. , Bowman Elise D. , Pine Sharon R. , Loffredo Christopher A. , Alberg Anthony J. , Caporaso Neil , Shields Peter G. , Chanock Stephen , Wu Yanhong , Jiang Ruoxiang , Cunningham Julie , Jen Jin , Harris Curtis C.
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Table 4 from Childhood Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Functional Mannose Binding Lectin Polymorphisms Are Associated with Increased Lung Cancer Risk
Supplementary Figure 1 from Is Human Papillomavirus Viral Load a Clinically Useful Predictive Marker? A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Constandinou-Williams Christothea , Collins Stuart I. , Roberts Sally , Young Lawrence S. , Woodman Ciaran B.J. , Murray Paul G.
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Figure 1 from Is Human Papillomavirus Viral Load a Clinically Useful Predictive Marker? A Longitudinal Study
Supplementary Table Legend from 9q31.2-rs865686 as a Susceptibility Locus for Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Evidence from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium
Authors: Warren Helen , Dudbridge Frank , Fletcher Olivia , Orr Nick , Johnson Nichola , Hopper John L. , Apicella Carmel , Southey Melissa C. , Mahmoodi Maryam , Schmidt Marjanka K. , Broeks Annegien , Cornelissen Sten , Braaf Linda M. , Muir Kenneth R. , Lophatananon Artitaya , Chaiwerawattana Arkom , Wiangnon Surapon , Fasching Peter A. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Ekici Arif B. , Schulz-Wendtland Ruediger , Sawyer Elinor J. , Tomlinson Ian , Kerin Michael , Burwinkel Barbara , Marme Frederik , Schneeweiss Andreas , Sohn Christof , Guénel Pascal , Truong Thérèse , Laurent-Puig Pierre , Mulot Claire , Bojesen Stig E , Nielsen Sune F. , Flyger Henrik , Nordestgaard Børge G , Milne Roger L. , Benítez Javier , Arias-Pérez José-Ignacio , Zamora M. Pilar , Anton-Culver Hoda , Ziogas Argyrios , Bernstein Leslie , Dur Christina Clarke , Brenner Hermann , Müller Heiko , Arndt Volker , Langheinz Anne , Meindl Alfons , Golatta Michael , Bartram Claus R. , Schmutzler Rita K. , Brauch Hiltrud , Justenhoven Christina , Brüning Thomas , Chang-Claude Jenny , Wang-Gohrke Shan , Eilber Ursula , Dörk Thilo , Schürmann Peter , Bremer Michael , Hillemanns Peter , Nevanlinna Heli , Muranen Taru A. , Aittomäki Kristiina , Blomqvist Carl , Bogdanova Natalia , Antonenkova Natalia , Rogov Yuriy , Bermisheva Marina , Prokofyeva Darya , Zinnatullina Guzel , Khusnutdinova Elza , Lindblom Annika , Margolin Sara , Mannermaa Arto , Kosma Veli-Matti , Hartikainen Jaana M. , Kataja Vesa , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Beesley Jonathan , Chen Xiaoqing , Lambrechts Diether , Smeets Ann , Paridaens Robert , Weltens Caroline , Flesch-Janys Dieter , Buck Katharina , Behrens Sabine , Peterlongo Paolo , Bernard Loris , Manoukian Siranoush , Radice Paolo , Couch Fergus J. , Vachon Celine , Wang Xianshu , Olson Janet , Giles Graham , Baglietto Laura , McLean Cariona A. , Severi Gianluca , John Esther M. , Miron Alexander , Winqvist Robert , Pylkäs Katri , Jukkola-Vuorinen Arja , Grip Mervi , Andrulis Irene L. , Knight Julia A. , Mulligan Anna Marie , Weerasooriya Nayana , Devilee Peter , Tollenaar Robert A.E.M. , Martens John W.M. , Seynaeve Caroline M. , Hooning Maartje J. , Hollestelle Antoinette , Jager Agnes , Tilanus-Linthorst Madeleine M.A. , Hall Per , Czene Kamila , Liu Jianjun , Li Jingmei , Cox Angela , Cross Simon S. , Brock Ian W. , Reed Malcolm W.R. , Pharoah Paul , Blows Fiona M. , Dunning Alison M. , Ghoussaini Maya , Ashworth Alan , Swerdlow Anthony , Jones Michael , Schoemaker Minouk , Easton Douglas F. , Humphreys Manjeet , Wang Qin , Peto Julian , dos-Santos-Silva Isabel
Published: March 2023

PDF file, 45K.
Supplementary Table 4 from Effects of ERCC2 Lys751Gln (A35931C) and CCND1 (G870A) Polymorphism on Outcome of Advanced-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Are Treatment Dependent
Authors: Zhong Shilong , Nukui Tomoko , Buch Shama , Diergaarde Brenda , Weissfeld Lisa A. , Grandis Jennifer , Romkes Marjorie , Weissfeld Joel L.
Published: March 2023

PDF file - 69K, Results from multiple variable regression - multiply adjusted risk factor associations with overall survival.
Supplementary Table 1 from Association of Folate-Pathway Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Prostate Cancer: a Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis
Authors: Collin Simon M. , Metcalfe Chris , Zuccolo Luisa , Lewis Sarah J. , Chen Lina , Cox Angela , Davis Michael , Lane J. Athene , Donovan Jenny , Smith George Davey , Neal David E. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Gudmundsson Julius , Sulem Patrick , Rafnar Thorunn , Benediktsdottir Kristrun R. , Eeles Rosalind A. , Guy Michelle , Kote-Jarai Zsofia , Morrison Jonathan , Al Olama Ali Amin , Stefansson Kari , Easton Douglas F. , Martin Richard M.
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Table 1 from Association of Folate-Pathway Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Prostate Cancer: a Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis
Supplementary Figure from Effects of ERCC2 Lys751Gln (A35931C) and CCND1 (G870A) Polymorphism on Outcome of Advanced-Stage Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Are Treatment Dependent
Authors: Zhong Shilong , Nukui Tomoko , Buch Shama , Diergaarde Brenda , Weissfeld Lisa A. , Grandis Jennifer , Romkes Marjorie , Weissfeld Joel L.
Published: March 2023

PDF file - 95K, Overall survival (Kaplan-Meier plots) for stage III-IV squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck, according to ERCC2 or CCND1 genotype and treatment.
Supplementary Table 3 from External Validation of a Multiplex Urinary Protein Panel for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in a Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Chen Li-Mei , Chang Myron , Dai Yunfeng , Chai Karl X. , Dyrskjøt Lars , Sanchez-Carbayo Marta , Szarvas Tibor , Zwarthoff Ellen C. , Lokeshwar Vinata , Jeronimo Carmen , Parker Alexander S. , Ross Shanti , Borre Michael , Ørntoft Torben F. , Jaeger Tobias , Beukers Willemien , Lopez Luis E. , Henrique Rui , Young Paul R. , Urquidi Virginia , Goodison Steve , Rosser Charles J.
Published: March 2023

PDF file - 93K, Summary of 10-biomarker data in control case
Supplementary Figure 1 from Assessment of Automated Image Analysis of Breast Cancer Tissue Microarrays for Epidemiologic Studies
Authors: Bolton Kelly L. , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Duggan Máire A. , Howat William J. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Yang Xiaohong R. , Cornelison Robert , Anzick Sarah L. , Meltzer Paul , Davis Sean , Lenz Petra , Figueroa Jonine D. , Pharoah Paul D.P. , Sherman Mark E.
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Figure 1 from Assessment of Automated Image Analysis of Breast Cancer Tissue Microarrays for Epidemiologic Studies
Supplementary Table 2 from A Candidate Gene Study of Folate-Associated One Carbon Metabolism Genes and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Levine A. Joan , Figueiredo Jane C. , Lee Won , Conti David V. , Kennedy Kathleen , Duggan David J. , Poynter Jenny N. , Campbell Peter T. , Newcomb Polly , Martinez Maria Elena , Hopper John L. , Le Marchand Loic , Baron John A. , Limburg Paul J. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Haile Robert W.
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Table 2 from A Candidate Gene Study of Folate-Associated One Carbon Metabolism Genes and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Supplementary Table 2C from Refining the Prostate Cancer Genetic Association within the JAZF1 Gene on Chromosome 7p15.2
Authors: Prokunina-Olsson Ludmila , Fu Yi-Ping , Tang Wei , Jacobs Kevin B. , Hayes Richard B. , Kraft Peter , Berndt Sonja I. , Wacholder Sholom , Yu Kai , Hutchinson Amy , Spencer Feigelson Heather , Thun Michael J. , Diver W. Ryan , Albanes Demetrius , Virtamo Jarmo , Weinstein Stephanie , Schumacher Fredrick R. , Cancel-Tassin Geraldine , Cussenot Olivier , Valeri Antoine , Andriole Gerald L. , Crawford E. David , Haiman Christopher A. , Henderson Brian E. , Kolonel Laurence , Le Marchand Loic , Siddiq Afshan , Riboli Elio , Travis Ruth , Kaaks Rudolf , Isaacs William B. , Isaacs Sarah D. , Grönberg Henrik , Wiklund Fredrik , Xu Jianfeng , Vatten Lars J. , Hveem Kristian , Kumle Merethe , Tucker Margaret , Hoover Robert N. , Fraumeni Joseph F. , Hunter David J. , Thomas Gilles , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Chanock Stephen J. , Yeager Meredith
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Table 2C from Refining the Prostate Cancer Genetic Association within the JAZF1 Gene on Chromosome 7p15.2
Supplementary Table 2 from Inherited Variants in Mitochondrial Biogenesis Genes May Influence Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk
Authors: Permuth-Wey Jennifer , Chen Y. Ann , Tsai Ya-Yu , Chen Zhihua , Qu Xiaotao , Lancaster Johnathan M. , Stockwell Heather , Dagne Getachew , Iversen Edwin , Risch Harvey , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill , Cunningham Julie M. , Vierkant Robert A. , Fridley Brooke L. , Sutphen Rebecca , McLaughlin John , Narod Steven A. , Goode Ellen L. , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Fenstermacher David , Phelan Catherine M. , Sellers Thomas A.
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Table 2 from Inherited Variants in Mitochondrial Biogenesis Genes May Influence Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk
Supplementary Figure 1 from Inherited Variants in Mitochondrial Biogenesis Genes May Influence Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk
Authors: Permuth-Wey Jennifer , Chen Y. Ann , Tsai Ya-Yu , Chen Zhihua , Qu Xiaotao , Lancaster Johnathan M. , Stockwell Heather , Dagne Getachew , Iversen Edwin , Risch Harvey , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill , Cunningham Julie M. , Vierkant Robert A. , Fridley Brooke L. , Sutphen Rebecca , McLaughlin John , Narod Steven A. , Goode Ellen L. , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Fenstermacher David , Phelan Catherine M. , Sellers Thomas A.
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Figure 1 from Inherited Variants in Mitochondrial Biogenesis Genes May Influence Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Risk
Supplementary Tables 1-2 from A Long-term Prospective Study of Type-Specific Human Papillomavirus Infection and Risk of Cervical Neoplasia Among 20,000 Women in the Portland Kaiser Cohort Study
Authors: Schiffman Mark , Glass Andrew G. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Rush Brenda B. , Castle Philip E. , Scott David R. , Buckland Julie , Sherman Mark E. , Rydzak Greg , Kirk Peter , Lorincz Attila T. , Wacholder Sholom , Burk Robert D.
Published: March 2023

PDF file - 219K.

Please Note: Supplementary Table 1 was updated 06/20/12. Please see the published correction notice for details of modifications to the article made in order to correct author error.
Data from Obesity and Thyroid Cancer Risk among U.S. Men and Women: A Pooled Analysis of Five Prospective Studies
Authors: Kitahara Cari M. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Freeman Laura E. Beane , Hsing Ann W. , Linet Martha S. , Park Yikyung , Schairer Catherine , Schatzkin Arthur , Shikany James M. , Berrington de González Amy
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer incidence has risen dramatically in the United States since the early 1980s. Although the prevalence of obesity has doubled during this time period, the relationship between obesity and thyroid cancer is uncertain.

Methods: We examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and thyroid cancer risk in a pooled analysis of five prospective U.S. studies, including 413,979 women and 434,953 men. Proportional hazards models with attained age as the time metric were adjusted for education, race, marital status, smoking, alcohol intake, and (where appropriate) cohort and sex.

Results: Over follow-up (mean = 10.3 years), 768 women and 388 men were diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The risk of thyroid cancer was greater with increasing BMI [per 5 kg/m2: HR in women, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.08–1.24); HR in men, 1.21 (95% CI, 0.97–1.49)]. There was no significant heterogeneity between studies (both P > 0.05). For women and men combined, the HRs for overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (≥30 kg/m2) compared with normal-weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.04–1.38) and 1.53 (95% CI, 1.31–1.79), respectively. We found no significant effect modification by other factors, and the results did not differ significantly by histologic type. A significant positive association for BMI in young adulthood (ages 18–20) with thyroid cancer risk was also observed [per 5-kg/m2 increase: HR, 1.18 (95% CI, 1.03–1.35)].

Conclusion: BMI was positively associated with thyroid cancer risk in both men and women.

Impact: Our study provides strong evidence that obesity is an independent risk factor for thyroid cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(3); 464–72. ©2011 AACR.
Data from Elevated Systemic Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Older Women with Persistent Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection
Authors: Kemp Troy J. , Hildesheim Allan , García-Piñeres Alfonso , Williams Marcus C. , Shearer Gene M. , Rodriguez Ana Cecilia , Schiffman Mark , Burk Robert , Freer Enrique , Bonilla Jose , Herrero Rolando , Pinto Ligia A.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Defects in lymphoproliferative responses to mitogens/antigens in women >45 years old with a persistent type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have been reported.

Methods: To determine whether these defects were associated with altered cytokine profiles, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture supernatants from 50 cases (oversampled for their reduced lymphoproliferative ability) and 50 uninfected controls (oversampled for their robust lymphoproliferative ability) were examined for 24 cytokines using multiplexed bead–based immunoassays and ELISA.

Results: The following plasma cytokines were significantly increased in cases relative to controls (cases versus controls; median pg/mL): interleukin (IL)-6, 393.1 versus 14.5; IL-8, 1,128.5 versus 43.9; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 164.1 versus 9.2; macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), 1,368.9 versus 25.5; granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 13.8 versus 7.3; IL-1β, 8.3 versus 1.6 (all P < 0.0001); and IL-1α, 218.2 versus 169.5 (P = 0.02). We focused our analysis on the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and MIP-1α due to their high fold change (>10) and highly statistically significant difference between cases and controls. Length of persistence or type of infection (high risk and low risk) did not affect these differences. IL-6, TNF-α, and MIP-1α levels were also increased in unstimulated PBMC culture supernatants from cases compared with controls (P < 0.05), however, the cytokine levels from phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBMC culture supernatants were significantly lower in the cases (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: Persistent HPV infection in older women with evidence of immune deficit is associated with an increase in systemic inflammatory cytokines.

Impact: Future studies are needed to determine whether the inflammatory profile is age dependent and to examine the role that inflammatory cytokines play in HPV-induced progression from infection to cervical cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(8); 1954–9. ©2010 AACR.
Data from State Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Mortality Patterns in the United States
Authors: Naishadham Deepa , Lansdorp-Vogelaar Iris , Siegel Rebecca , Cokkinides Vilma , Jemal Ahmedin
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates have been decreasing for many decades in the United States, with the decrease accelerating in the most recent time period. The extent to which this decrease varies across states and its influence on the geographic patterns of rates is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed the temporal trend in age-standardized CRC death rates for each state from 1990 to 2007 using joinpoint regression. We also examined the change in death rates between 1990–1994 and 2003–2007 using rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals and illustrated the change in pattern using maps. The relationship between the change in mortality rates and CRC screening rates for 2004 by state was examined using Pearson's correlation.

Results: CRC mortality rates significantly decreased in all states except Mississippi between 1990 and 2007 based on the joinpoint model. The decrease in death rates between 1990–1994 and 2003–2007 ranged from 9% in Alabama to greater than 33% in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, and Alaska; Mississippi and Wyoming showed no significant decrease. Generally, the northeastern states showed the largest decreases, whereas southern states showed the smallest decreases. The highest CRC mortality rates shifted from the northeastern states during 1990 to 1994 to the southern states along the Appalachian corridor during 2003 to 2007. The decrease in CRC mortality rates by state correlated strongly with uptake of screening (r = −0.65, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions: Progress in reducing CRC mortality varies across states, with the Northeast showing the most progress and the South showing the least progress.

Impact: These findings highlight the need for wider dissemination of CRC screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(7); 1296–302. ©2011 AACR.
Data from Validation of Genome-Wide Prostate Cancer Associations in Men of African Descent
Authors: Chang Bao-Li , Spangler Elaine , Gallagher Stephen , Haiman Christopher A. , Henderson Brian , Isaacs William , Benford Marnita L. , Kidd LaCreis R. , Cooney Kathleen , Strom Sara , Ingles Sue Ann , Stern Mariana C. , Corral Roman , Joshi Amit D. , Xu Jianfeng , Giri Veda N. , Rybicki Benjamin , Neslund-Dudas Christine , Kibel Adam S. , Thompson Ian M. , Leach Robin J. , Ostrander Elaine A. , Stanford Janet L. , Witte John , Casey Graham , Eeles Rosalind , Hsing Ann W. , Chanock Stephen , Hu Jennifer J. , John Esther M. , Park Jong , Stefflova Klara , Zeigler-Johnson Charnita , Rebbeck Timothy R.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous prostate cancer susceptibility alleles, but these loci have been identified primarily in men of European descent. There is limited information about the role of these loci in men of African descent.

Methods: We identified 7,788 prostate cancer cases and controls with genotype data for 47 GWAS-identified loci.

Results: We identified significant associations for SNP rs10486567 at JAZF1, rs10993994 at MSMB, rs12418451 and rs7931342 at 11q13, and rs5945572 and rs5945619 at NUDT10/11. These associations were in the same direction and of similar magnitude as those reported in men of European descent. Significance was attained at all reported prostate cancer susceptibility regions at chromosome 8q24, including associations reaching genome-wide significance in region 2.

Conclusion: We have validated in men of African descent the associations at some, but not all, prostate cancer susceptibility loci originally identified in European descent populations. This may be due to the heterogeneity in genetic etiology or in the pattern of genetic variation across populations.

Impact: The genetic etiology of prostate cancer in men of African descent differs from that of men of European descent. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(1); 23–32. ©2011 AACR.
Data from Complement Factor H Is Elevated in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Sputum from Patients with Lung Cancer
Authors: Pio Ruben , Garcia Javier , Corrales Leticia , Ajona Daniel , Fleischhacker Michael , Pajares Maria J. , Cardenal Felipe , Seijo Luis , Zulueta Javier J. , Nadal Ernest , Witt Christian , Lozano Maria D. , Schmidt Bernd , Montuenga Luis M.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Cytologic examination of specimens obtained from the respiratory tract is a lung cancer diagnostic procedure with high specificity but moderate sensitivity. The use of molecular biomarkers may enhance the sensitivity of cytologic examination in the detection of lung cancer.

Methods: Complement factor H, a protein secreted by lung cancer cells, was quantified in a series of bronchoalveolar lavage supernatants from lung cancer patients and patients with nonmalignant respiratory diseases. Albumin, total protein content, and hemoglobin were also analyzed. Results were validated in independent sets of bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum supernatants.

Results: There was a significantly higher concentration of factor H in bronchoalveolar lavage samples from lung cancer patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the factor H test was 82% and 77%, respectively. These results were validated in an independent set of patients with nearly identical results. Furthermore, 70% and 45% of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from central and peripheral tumors, respectively, reported as cytologically negative, were classified as positive using this marker. Finally, the test was evaluated in a series of sputum supernatants from lung cancer patients and controls. The sensitivity and specificity of the factor H test in this series was 80% and 88%, respectively.

Conclusion: Factor H is elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum from lung cancer patients.

Impact: Measurement of molecular biomarkers, such as complement factor H, may be used in the future as an adjunct to cytology in the diagnosis of malignant pulmonary diseases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(10); 2665–72. ©2010 AACR.
Data from Metabolic Health Reduces Risk of Obesity-Related Cancer in Framingham Study Adults
Authors: Moore Lynn L. , Chadid Susan , Singer Martha R. , Kreger Bernard E. , Denis Gerald V.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: It is unknown whether the risk for obesity-related cancers differs between metabolically unhealthy and healthy overweight/obese adults.

Methods: Data on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and random blood glucose in Framingham Heart Study adults (n = 3,763) ages 55 to 69 years were used to estimate risks of obesity-related cancers (n = 385), including postmenopausal breast, female reproductive, colon, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and kidney cancers, as well as esophageal adenocarcinomas. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate risk for obesity-related cancers associated with body fat and metabolic health (as defined by glucose levels) among subjects in three risk groups (vs. referent group with normal weight/normal glucose): normal weight/elevated glucose, overweight/normal glucose, and overweight/elevated glucose.

Results: Overweight adults [BMI ≥ 25 or WHtR ≥ 0.51 (men) and ≥0.57 (women)] with elevated glucose (≥125 mg/dL) had a statistically significant 2-fold increased risk of developing obesity-related cancer, whereas overweight adults with normal glucose had a 50% increased risk. Normal-weight adults with elevated glucose had no excess cancer risk. The effects of BMI and WHtR were independent of one another. Finally, overweight women with elevated blood glucose had a 2.6-fold increased risk [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4–4.9] of female reproductive (cervical, endometrial, uterine cancers) and postmenopausal breast cancers, whereas overweight women with normal glucose levels had only a 70% increased risk (95% CI, 1.1–2.5).

Conclusion: These results suggest that cancer risk may be lower among metabolically healthy overweight/obese older adults than among overweight/obese adults with metabolic dysfunction.

Impact: Metabolic dysfunction and obesity act synergistically to increase cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2057–65. ©2014 AACR.
Data from MicroRNA Signatures: Novel Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer?
Authors: Luo Xiaoya , Burwinkel Barbara , Tao Sha , Brenner Hermann
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression might be of potential use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancers. We reviewed studies published until March 2011 which assessed expression of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC)/adenoma tissue and normal colorectal mucosa and in plasma of CRC/adenoma patients and healthy controls. Overall, 20 studies that investigated miRNA expression in tissue and 3 studies that investigated miRNA levels in plasma were included. A total of 160 miRNAs were found to be dysregulated in CRC. MiR-20a and miR-31 were found to be significantly upregulated in more than one study, and miR-143 and miR-145 were found to be significantly downregulated in CRC tissue in six or more studies. MiR-92a was significantly upregulated in CRC patients in two of the plasma-based studies and in CRC tissue in one of the tissue-based studies. Our results provide timely and relevant information for miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. The expression of miRNAs in plasma may be indicative of presence of CRC. Larger diagnostic studies are needed to evaluate potential use of miRNA expression in early detection and diagnosis of CRC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(7); 1272–86. ©2011 AACR.
Data from Smoking and Passive Smoking in Cervical Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Couples from the IARC Multicentric Case–Control Studies
Authors: Louie Karly S. , Castellsague Xavier , de Sanjose Silvia , Herrero Rolando , Meijer Chris J. , Shah Keerti , Munoz Nubia , Bosch F. Xavier
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The independent role of tobacco smoking in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) has been established. We evaluated the potential impact of passive smoking (PS).

Methods: A pooled analysis of 1,919 couples enrolled in one of seven case–control studies involving cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS) or ICC was investigated. Information on smoking and sexual behavior was collected from interviews. Specimens were taken from the cervix and penis for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing. Three PS risk models were constructed with all couples, couples with monogamous women, and couples with lifetime nonsmoking monogamous women. For the third model, the analysis considered potential misclassification of smoking status and was restricted to the risk period for which the woman was exposed to both HPV, a necessary cause of ICC, and PS. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate associations between CIS or ICC and PS.

Results: An increased risk was found among couples with both ever smoking men and women (OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.40–3.64). No statistically increased risk of CIS was found with PS in the models analyzed. Similar significant increased risks of ICC with PS was found among all couples (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.15–2.15) and couples with monogamous women (OR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.07–2.23) but not among lifetime nonsmoking monogamous women married to ever smoking men.

Conclusion: PS could not be detected as an independent risk factor of ICC in the absence of active smoking.

Impact: The combined effects of exposure to active and PS suggest its potential adverse role in cervical carcinogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(7); 1379–90. ©2011 AACR.
Data from Telomere Length and TERT Functional Polymorphisms Are Not Associated with Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Liu Zhensheng , Ma Hongxia , Wei Sheng , Li Guojun , Sturgis Erich M. , Wei Qingyi
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Recent studies reported associations of the relative telomere length (RTL) and TERT variants with risk of several cancers, which have not been comprehensively investigated in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).

Methods: We detected RTL in peripheral blood lymphocytes and genotyped six selected functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the TERT gene in 888 SCCHN cases and 885 cancer-free controls of non-Hispanic whites.

Results: Overall, we did not observe significant associations between RTL and SCCHN risk (adjusted OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.80–1.17 for below versus above the median; Ptrend = 0.618) nor between the six TERT SNPs and SCCHN risk. We also found no associations between RTL and TERT SNPs.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that RTL and TERT functional polymorphisms may not play a major role in the etiology of SCCHN. Large prospective studies are needed to validate our findings.

Impact: Although our results suggest no association among RTL, TERT functional polymorphisms, and SCCHN risk, this study may contribute to future meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 20(12); 2642–5. ©2011 AACR.
Data from Association of Folate-Pathway Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Prostate Cancer: a Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis
Authors: Collin Simon M. , Metcalfe Chris , Zuccolo Luisa , Lewis Sarah J. , Chen Lina , Cox Angela , Davis Michael , Lane J. Athene , Donovan Jenny , Smith George Davey , Neal David E. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Gudmundsson Julius , Sulem Patrick , Rafnar Thorunn , Benediktsdottir Kristrun R. , Eeles Rosalind A. , Guy Michelle , Kote-Jarai Zsofia , Morrison Jonathan , Al Olama Ali Amin , Stefansson Kari , Easton Douglas F. , Martin Richard M.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Folate-pathway gene polymorphisms have been implicated in several cancers and investigated inconclusively in relation to prostate cancer. We conducted a systematic review, which identified nine case-control studies (eight included, one excluded). We also included data from four genome-wide association studies and from a case-control study nested within the UK population–based Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment study. We investigated by meta-analysis the effects of eight polymorphisms: MTHFR C677T (rs1801133; 12 studies; 10,745 cases; 40,158 controls), MTHFR A1298C (rs1801131; 5 studies; 3,176 cases; 4,829 controls), MTR A2756G (rs1805087; 8 studies; 7,810 cases; 37,543 controls), MTRR A66G (rs1801394; 4 studies; 3,032 cases; 4,515 controls), MTHFD1 G1958A (rs2236225; 6 studies; 7,493 cases; 36,941 controls), SLC19A1/RFC1 G80A (rs1051266; 4 studies; 6,222 cases; 35,821 controls), SHMT1 C1420T (rs1979277; 2 studies; 2,689 cases; 4,110 controls), and FOLH1 T1561C (rs202676; 5 studies; 6,314 cases; 35,190 controls). The majority (10 of 13) of eligible studies had 100% Caucasian subjects; only one study had <90% Caucasian subjects. We found weak evidence of dominant effects of two alleles: MTR 2756A>G [random effects pooled odds ratio, 1.06 (1.00-1.12); P = 0.06 (P = 0.59 for heterogeneity across studies)] and SHMT1 1420C>T [random effects pooled odds ratio, 1.11 (1.00-1.22); P = 0.05 (P = 0.38 for heterogeneity across studies)]. We found no effect of MTHFR 677C>T or any of the other alleles in dominant, recessive or additive models, or in comparing a/a versus A/A homozygous. Neither did we find any difference in effects on advanced or localized cancers. Our meta-analysis suggests that known common folate-pathway single nucleotide polymorphisms do not have significant effects on susceptibility to prostate cancer.(Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(9):2528–39)
Data from Dietary One-Carbon Nutrient Intake and Risk of Lymphoid and Myeloid Neoplasms: Results of the Netherlands Cohort Study
Authors: Heinen Mirjam M. , van den Brandt Piet A. , Schouten Leo J. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , Schouten Harry C. , Verhage Bas A.J.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Previous epidemiologic research suggests a protective role of one-carbon nutrients in carcinogenesis. Folate, however, may play a dual role in neoplasms development: protect early in carcinogenesis and promote carcinogenesis at a later stage. We prospectively examined associations between intake of total folate, methionine, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and risk of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms (including subtypes) and investigated whether alcohol modified the effects of folate.

Methods: The Netherlands Cohort Study consists of 120,852 individuals who completed a baseline questionnaire in 1986, including a 150-item food-frequency questionnaire. After 17.3 years of follow-up, 1,280 cases of lymphoid and 222 cases of myeloid neoplasms were available for analysis.

Results: Intakes of folate, methionine, and riboflavin were not associated with lymphoid or myeloid neoplasms. For vitamin B6, a statistically significantly increased myeloid neoplasms risk was observed (highest vs. lowest quintile: HR = 1.87; 95% confidence intervals, 1.08–3.25). When analyzing by lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms subtypes, no clear associations were observed for most subtypes, with just a few increased risks for some subtypes and nutrients. Some risks became nonsignificant after excluding early cases. No interaction between alcohol and folate was observed.

Conclusions: We observed a few significant positive associations; however, some of these would be expected to arise due to chance alone. Furthermore, some risks became nonsignificant after excluding early cases. Therefore, we conclude that there is no association between one-carbon nutrient intake and risk of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms.

Impact: This study contributes substantially to the limited and inconclusive evidence on the association with one-carbon nutrients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(10); 2153–64. ©2014 AACR.
Data from External Validation of a Multiplex Urinary Protein Panel for the Detection of Bladder Cancer in a Multicenter Cohort
Authors: Chen Li-Mei , Chang Myron , Dai Yunfeng , Chai Karl X. , Dyrskjøt Lars , Sanchez-Carbayo Marta , Szarvas Tibor , Zwarthoff Ellen C. , Lokeshwar Vinata , Jeronimo Carmen , Parker Alexander S. , Ross Shanti , Borre Michael , Ørntoft Torben F. , Jaeger Tobias , Beukers Willemien , Lopez Luis E. , Henrique Rui , Young Paul R. , Urquidi Virginia , Goodison Steve , Rosser Charles J.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Because of the faltering sensitivity and/or specificity, urine-based assays currently have a limited role in the management of patients with bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to externally validate our previously reported protein biomarker panel from multiple sites in the United States and Europe.

Methods: This multicenter external validation study included a total of 320 subjects (bladder cancer = 183). The 10 biomarkers (IL8, MMP9, MMP10, SERPINA1, VEGFA, ANG, CA9, APOE, SDC1, and SERPINE1) were measured using commercial ELISA assays in an external laboratory. The diagnostic performance of the biomarker panel was assessed using receiver operator curves (ROC) and descriptive statistical values.

Results: Utilizing the combination of all 10 biomarkers, the area under the ROC for the diagnostic panel was noted to be 0.847 (95% confidence interval, 0.796–0.899), outperforming any single biomarker. The multiplex assay at optimal cutoff value achieved an overall sensitivity of 0.79, specificity of 0.79, positive prediction value of 0.73, and negative prediction value of 0.84 for bladder cancer classification. Sensitivity values of the diagnostic panel for high-grade bladder cancer, low-grade bladder cancer, muscle invasive bladder cancer, and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer were 0.81, 0.90, 0.95, and 0.77, respectively.

Conclusions: Urinary levels of the biomarker panel enabled discrimination of patients with bladder cancer and controls, and the levels of biomarker subsets were associated with advancing tumor grade and stage.

Impact: If proven to be reliable, urinary diagnostic biomarker assays can detect bladder cancer in a timely manner such that the patient can expect improvements in overall survival and quality of life. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(9); 1804–12. ©2014 AACR.
Data from Context-Dependent Effects of Genome-Wide Association Study Genotypes and Macroenvironment on Time to Biochemical (Prostate Specific Antigen) Failure after Prostatectomy
Authors: Rebbeck Timothy R. , Weber Anita L. , Walker Amy H. , Stefflova Klara , Tran Teo V. , Spangler Elaine , Chang Bao-Li , Zeigler-Johnson Charnita M.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Disparities in cancer defined by race, age, or gender are well established. However, demographic metrics are surrogates for the complex contributions of genotypes, exposures, health care, socioeconomic and sociocultural environment, and many other factors. Macroenvironmental factors represent novel surrogates for exposures, lifestyle, and other factors that are difficult to measure but might influence cancer outcomes.

Methods: We applied a “multilevel molecular epidemiology” approach using a prospective cohort of 444 White prostate cancer cases who underwent prostatectomy and were followed until biochemical failure (BF) or censoring without BF. We applied Cox regression models to test for joint effects of 86 genome-wide association study–identified genotypes and macroenvironment contextual effects after geocoding all cases to their residential census tracts. All analyses were adjusted for age at diagnosis and tumor aggressiveness.

Results: Residents living in census tracts with a high proportion of older single heads of household, high rates of vacant housing, or high unemployment had shorter time until BF postsurgery after adjustment for patient age and tumor aggressiveness. After correction for multiple testing, genotypes alone did not predict time to BF, but interactions predicting time to BF were observed for MSMB (rs10993994) and percentage of older single heads of households (P = 0.0004), and for HNF1B/TCF2 (rs4430796) and census tract per capita income (P = 0.0002).

Conclusions: The context-specific macroenvironmental effects of genotype might improve the ability to identify groups that might experience poor prostate cancer outcomes.

Impact: Risk estimation and clinical translation of genotype information might require an understanding of both individual- and macroenvironment-level context. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(9); 2115–23. ©2010 AACR.
Data from Identifying Genes for Establishing a Multigenic Test for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Hepatitis C Virus-Positive Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Archer Kellie J. , Mas Valeria R. , David Krystle , Maluf Daniel G. , Bornstein Karen , Fisher Robert A.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this study, we used the Affymetrix HG-U133A version 2.0 GeneChips to identify genes capable of distinguishing cirrhotic liver tissues with and without hepatocellular carcinoma by modeling the high-dimensional dataset using an L1 penalized logistic regression model, with error estimated using N-fold cross-validation. Genes identified by gene expression microarray included those that have important links to cancer development and progression, including VAMP2, DPP4, CALR, CACNA1C, and EGR1. In addition, the selected molecular markers in the multigenic gene expression classifier were subsequently validated using reverse transcriptase-real time PCR, and an independently acquired gene expression microarray dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. The multigenetic classifier derived herein did similarly or better than standard abdominal ultrasonography and serum α-fetoprotein, which are currently used for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance. Because early hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis increases survival by increasing access to therapeutic options, these molecular markers may prove useful for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, especially if prospectively validated and translated into gene products that can be reproducibly and reliably tested noninvasively. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):2929–32)
Data from Associations of Plasma C-Peptide and IGFBP-1 Levels with Risk of Colorectal Adenoma in a Multiethnic Population
Authors: Le Marchand Loïc , Wang Hansong , Rinaldi Sabina , Kaaks Rudolf , Vogt Thomas M. , Yokochi Lance , Decker Robert
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Circulating levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) hormones have been associated with colorectal cancer risk, but few studies have examined their associations with colorectal adenoma.

Methods: We measured plasma C-peptide, a marker of insulin secretion, and IGF hormones in a case-control study of 554 pathologically confirmed, first-time adenoma cases and 786 controls with normal endoscopy among Caucasians, Japanese, and Native Hawaiians in Hawaii.

Results: High plasma levels of C-peptide were statistically significantly associated with risk of colorectal adenoma [multivariate odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for increasing quartiles: 1.0, 0.91 (0.65-1.27), 1.21 (0.86-1.71), and 1.79 (1.23-2.60); Ptrend = 0.0002]. We also observed a statistically significant inverse association between levels of plasma IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and adenoma risk [1.0, 0.97 (0.70-1.34), 0.82 (0.58-1.15), and 0.47 (0.32-0.70); Ptrend <0.0001]. These associations remain significant after adjusting for each other and were not confounded by known risk factors. IGF-I, IGFBP-3, body mass index, and waist or hip circumference were not independently associated with adenoma risk.

Conclusion: These results provide evidence for an association of insulin and IGFBP-1 levels with colorectal adenoma.

Impact: This study suggests that hyperinsulinemia and IGF hormones may act as etiologic factors in colorectal carcinogenesis, as early as during adenoma formation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1471–7. ©2010 AACR.
Data from DNA Hypermethylation of ESR1 and PGR in Breast Cancer: Pathologic and Epidemiologic Associations
Authors: Gaudet Mia M. , Campan Mihaela , Figueroa Jonine D. , Yang Xiaohong R. , Lissowska Jolanta , Peplonska Beata , Brinton Louise A. , Rimm David L. , Laird Peter W. , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Sherman Mark E.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Improved understanding of the etiology of estrogen receptor-α (ERα)–negative and progesterone receptor (PR)–negative breast cancers may permit improved risk prediction. In vitro studies implicate DNA hypermethylation of the ERα and PR promoters in the pathogenesis of ERα-negative and PR-negative tumors, but results are not definitive. We evaluated 200 invasive breast cancers selected from a population-based case-control study. DNA extracted from fixed tumor tissue cores was tested using MethyLight to assess DNA methylation at four CpG islands: ESR1 promoters A and B; PGR promoters A and B; and a CpG shore, ESR1 promoter C. DNA methylation results were compared with levels of ERα and PR, tumor characteristics, and breast cancer risk factors. We observed mild to moderate DNA methylation levels in most tumors for ESR1 promoters A and B and PGR promoter B, and a few tumors showed mild methylation in PGR promoter A. In contrast, ESR1 promoter C showed a wide range of methylation and was weakly correlated with lower expression levels of ERα (β = −0.26; P < 0.0001) and PR (β = −0.25; P < 0.0001). The percentage of tumors with methylated PGR promoters A and B was significantly higher for tumors with low ERα (A, Fisher's test P = 0.0001; B, P = 0.033) and PR levels (A, P = 0.0006; B, P = 0.001). Our data suggest that the relationships between DNA methylation of ESR1 and PGR promoters and protein expression are weak and unlikely to represent a predominant mechanism of receptor silencing. In contrast to CpG islands, ESR1 promoter C showed a wider range of methylation levels and inverse associations with ERα and PR expression. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(11):3036–43)
Data from A Case-Control Study of Body Mass Index and Breast Cancer Risk in White and African-American Women
Authors: Berstad Paula , Coates Ralph J. , Bernstein Leslie , Folger Suzanne G. , Malone Kathleen E. , Marchbanks Polly A. , Weiss Linda K. , Liff Jonathan M. , McDonald Jill A. , Strom Brian L. , Simon Michael S. , Deapen Dennis , Press Michael F. , Burkman Ronald T. , Spirtas Robert , Ursin Giske
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective: Large body size has been associated with decreased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women but with increased risk in postmenopausal women. Limited information is available about African-American women and differences by estrogen and progesterone receptor status.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study among 3,997 white and African-American breast cancer case patients diagnosed in 1994 to 1998 and 4,041 control participants ages 35 to 64 years. We calculated multivariate odds ratios (OR) as measures of relative risk of breast cancer associated with self-reported body mass index (BMI) at age 18 and 5 years before diagnosis (recent BMI).

Results: Risk tended to decrease with increasing BMI at age 18 years in all women [ORBMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 versus < 20 kg/m2 = 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63-0.90; Ptrend = 0.005] and with recent BMI in premenopausal women (ORBMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 versus < 25 kg/m2 = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.61-1.06; Ptrend = 0.05), unmodified by race. Among postmenopausal white but not African-American women, there was an inverse relation between recent BMI and risk. High recent BMI was associated with increased risk of estrogen receptor– and progesterone receptor–positive tumors among postmenopausal African-American women (ORBMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 versus < 25 kg/m2 = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.08-3.09; Ptrend = 0.03).

Conclusion: Among women at age 35 to 64 years, BMI at age 18 years is inversely associated with risk of breast cancer, but association with recent BMI varies by menopause status, race, and hormone receptor status.

Impact: Our findings indicate that studies of BMI and breast cancer should consider breast cancer subtypes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(6); 1532–44. ©2010 AACR.
Data from Genetic Variation in Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis and Signaling, Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase, and the Risk of Colorectal Adenoma
Authors: Poole Elizabeth M. , Hsu Li , Xiao Liren , Kulmacz Richard J. , Carlson Christopher S. , Rabinovitch Peter S. , Makar Karen W. , Potter John D. , Ulrich Cornelia M.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Prostaglandins are important inflammatory mediators; prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the predominant prostaglandin in colorectal neoplasia and affects colorectal carcinogenesis. Prostaglandins are metabolites of ω-6 and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; their biosynthesis is the primary target of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), which reduce colorectal neoplasia risk.

Methods: We investigated candidate and tagSNPs in PGE2 synthase (PGES), PGE2 receptors (EP2 and EP4), and prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) in a case-control study of adenomas (n = 483) versus polyp-free controls (n = 582) and examined interactions with NSAID use or fish intake, a source of ω-3 fatty acids.

Results: A 30% adenoma risk reduction was observed for EP2 4950G>A (intron 1; ORGA/AA vs. GG, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.99). For the candidate polymorphism EP4 Val294Ile, increasing fish intake was associated with increased adenoma risk among those with variant genotypes, but not among those with the Val/Val genotype (Pinteraction = 0.02). An interaction with fish intake was also observed for PGES −664A>T (5′ untranslated region; Pinteraction = 0.01). Decreased risk with increasing fish intake was only seen among those with the AT or TT genotypes (OR>2 t/wk vs. <1 t/wk, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.28-1.13). We also detected interactions between NSAIDs and EP2 9814C>A (intron 1) and PGDH 343C>A (intron 1). However, none of the observed associations was statistically significant after adjustment for multiple testing. We investigated potential gene-gene interactions using the Chatterjee 1 degree of freedom Tukey test and logic regression; neither method detected significant interactions.

Conclusions: These data provide little support for associations between adenoma risk and genetic variability related to PGE2, yet suggest gene-environment interactions with anti-inflammatory exposures. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(2); 547–57