bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Biomarkers in Early-Stage B-CLL Patients
Authors: Popova Vanya S. , Blajeva Svetla O. , Alexandrova Margarita L. , Lukanov Tsvetan H. , Naneva Silvia Y. , Tzvetkov Nikolay T.
Published: July 2018

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults. It belongs to the group of indolent lymphoproliferative disorders and has a slow clinical course. Approximately 50% of newly diagnosed patients do not require treatment for years. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease has led to the development of models for assessment of the risk.

Our study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the serum marker beta-2 microglobulin (82M) and the flow cytometric marker CD49d in patients with early-stage of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) as well as look for a correlation between CD 49d and the early stages of the disease. For this purpose, analysis of 30 untreated patients with known and newly diagnosed B-CLL was carried out. The following methods were used: documentary, flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood, Rai staging system and chi-square test of independence (Fisher’s Exact Test). The results from our study showed that a small number of patients in the early stage of the disease have high levels of CD49d expression and beta-2 microglobulins. In eight of 29 patients, the flow cytometric marker was higher than 30%, and in ten out of 29 patients, the B2M was above the reference range. No significant correlation between the two markers in early stage B-CLL patients was found.
Biased Lung Cancer Risk Perceptions: Smokers are Misinformed
Authors: Ziebarth Nicolas R.
Published: July 2018

This paper empirically investigates biased beliefs about the risks of smoking. First, it confirms the established tendency of people tooverestimate the lifetime risk of a smoker to contract lung cancer. In this paper’s survey, almost half of all respondents overestimate this risk. However, 80%underestimate lung cancer deadliness. In reality, less than one in five patients survive five years after a lung cancer diagnosis. Due to the broad underestimation of the lung cancer deadliness, the lifetime risk of a smoker to die of lung cancer is underestimated by almost half of all respondents. Smokers who do not plan to quit are significantly more likely to underestimate this overall mortality risk.
Identification of Missing Carbon Fixation Enzymes as Potential Drug Targets in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Katiyar Amit , Singh Harpreet , Azad Krishna Kant
Published: July 2018

Metabolic adaptation to the host environment has been recognized as an essential mechanism of pathogenicity and the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the lungs for decades. The Mtb uses CO2 as a source of carbon during the dormant or non-replicative state. However, there is a lack of biochemical knowledge of its metabolic networks. In this study, we investigated the CO2 fixation pathways (such as ko00710 and ko00720) most likely involved in the energy production and conversion of CO2 in Mtb. Extensive pathway evaluation of 23 completely sequenced strains of Mtb confirmed the existence of a complete list of genes encoding the relevant enzymes of the reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle. This provides the evidence that an rTCA cycle may function to fix CO2 in this bacterium. We also proposed that as CO2 is plentiful in the lungs, inhibition of CO2 fixation pathways (by targeting the relevant CO2 fixation enzymes) could be used in the expansion of new drugs against the dormant Mtb. In support of the suggested hypothesis, the CO2 fixation enzymes were confirmed as a potential drug target by analyzing a number of attributes necessary to be a good bacterial target.
Somatotype, Body Composition and Explosive Power of Athlete and Non-Athlete
Authors: Sukanta Saha
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to identify the effect of somatotype and body composition variables on leg explosive power of college level men students. The sample consisted of 500 young college students, divided into two groups: athletes (N= 250) undergoing Bachelor of Physical Education course whose mean age 23.86 ± 0.36 years; and non-athletes (N= 250) college students who do not take part regular physical activities and mean age 22.16 ± 0.88 years. The somatotype was assessed using the Heath & Carter method. Assessing body composition of the subject various anthropometric measurements were taken. Sargent vertical jump test was used to measure leg explosive power. The measures were compared between the two groups using the Student t-test for independent samples. The two groups differed significantly (p≤0.01) in terms of body weight, % body fat, lean body mass, % skeletal muscle mass and somatotype. The findings of the present study showing that athlete have higher mean values in leg explosive power (p≤0.01) than non-athlete. The leg explosive power was positively significantly (p≤0.01) correlated with % skeletal muscle mass, lean body mass, mesomorphy and ectomorphy components of somatotype; on the other hand body weight, height, % body fat, body surface area and endomorphy component of somatotype significantly (p≤0.01) negatively correlated. In conclusion, somatotype and body composition variables are important factors in determining leg explosive power.
Anxiety and Affect in Successful and Less Successful Elite Female Basketball Players: in-Situ Sampling Before Six Consecutive Games
Authors: Szabo Attila , Szűcs Attila , Gáspár Zoltán , Süle Krisztina
Published: July 2018

Justification and aim of the study: Successful athletes tend to approach contest situations with different psychological mind-set than their less successful counterparts. The aim of this repeated-measures design study was to assess whether a successful (national league third rank) and a less successful (11th rank) first division women’s basketball team differ in anxiety, positive affect, and negative affect before six consecutive games in the annual championship. Methods: Two psychometrically validated questionnaires, the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT; Martens et al., 1990) and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) were used to measure pre-competitive anxiety and positive-and negative affect. The scales were completed by first division female basketball players, who were members of either the successful or the less successful team, before six matches; three played at home and three played away from home. Results: Successful players reported lower anxiety before games (effect size (Cohen’s d = 1.2) than less successful players. Both teams displayed more positive affect before the games played at home than before the games played away from home (d = .44). However, ratings of the subjective states varied substantially across the games. Conclusion: The results, interpreted in light of an interactional model (Cerin et al., 2000), show that subjective appraisal of each competition situation yields very specific or unique expectations, which in turn determine the psychological states of the players before the upcoming contest.
Generation of Tax Revenues and Economic Development: A Panel-Analysis for Emerging Economies in Asia
Authors: Vogiatzoglou Klimis , Nguyen Lien Phuong
Published: July 2018

Particularly in an emerging or developing economy context, generating sufficient tax revenues is essential for the provision and upkeep of well-needed public infrastructure/public capital that supports the development process. However, tax policy can also cause distortionary and negative effects to economic activity and growth, especially if excessive taxation is imposed. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of tax revenues and estimate its overall net impact on economic growth in emerging economies in Asia. The dataset covers emerging economies from South, Southeast, and East Asia during 1998-2015. The results show that tax revenues have an overall positive net impact on the growth rate of real GDP per capita, suggesting the positive effects associated with taxation outweigh the negative and distortionary effects of taxation. Thus, evidence is found that the collection of adequate amounts of tax revenues (with which public investments were financed) contributed significantly to economic development.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: A Review
Authors: Tocar Sebastian
Published: July 2018

When investigating foreign direct investment, scientists focus on different combinations of factors. They often emphasize the economic ones, while underestimating the others. Among the non-economic factors, there are several problems regarding the identification of relevant FDI determinants. The aim of this paper is the provision of a comprehensive review of the factors that are considered to impact the attraction of FDI and the identification of relevant FDI determinants. From the variety of factors, mentioned in the specialty literature, we identified eleven categories of FDI determinants. We also provided a comprehensive review of categorical and methodological interferences of the identified factors, proposing potential working hypothesis for future researches in the field. The final assessment of this study is the creation of a Synthesis of the factors influencing FDI.
Therapeutic applications of selenium-derived compounds
Authors: Kamal Amna , Iqbal Muhammad Adnan , Bhatti Haq Nawaz
Published: July 2018

Selenium is a biocompatible element and participates in several biochemical reactions occurring in the human body. Its biocompatibility and minimal toxicity has attracted researchers to develop selenium-based drugs. Hence, recent developments on biomedical applications of selenium-based compounds have been discussed. A structure activity relationship has also been interpreted.
Warum wurde nach dem Sechstagekrieg kein Friede erreicht?
Authors: Goldstein Yossi
Published: July 2018

Vorspann

Die Folgen des Sechstagekriegs zwischen Israel und seinen arabischen Nachbarn vom 5. bis 10. Juni 1967 prägen bis heute die Situation im Nahen Osten entscheidend. Die Frage der besetzten Gebiete - abgesehen vom Sinai, der nach dem israelischägyptischen Friedensvertrag von 1979 vollständig an Ägypten zurückging - bleibt ein Gegenstand massiver Streitigkeiten. Yossi Goldstein analysiert auf der Basis zum Teil erst vor Kurzem zugänglich gewordener israelischer Quellen die Position von Ministerpräsident Levi Eschkol und fragt, warum dessen Ansatz einer „Land für Frieden“- Lösung erfolglos blieb.
Verhaltenssteuerung jenseits von Markt und Moral
Authors: Graf Rüdiger
Published: July 2018

Vorspann

Das Problem ist bekannt: Man weiß, dass es besser wäre, das Auto stehen zu lassen, Produkte aus ökologischem Landbau zu kaufen oder beim Kauf eines neuen Elektrogeräts eher auf den Stromverbrauch als auf das Design zu achten. Dennoch entscheiden wir uns jeden Tag nicht für die vernünftigste Option, sondern lassen uns von Gewohnheiten, Vorlieben oder Ängsten leiten - zum Nachteil von Gesundheit und Ökologie. Rüdiger Graf zeichnet in seinem Aufsatz am Beispiel der Umweltpolitik den Aufstieg der Verhaltensökonomie nach und stellt die Kontinuitäten heraus, die das verhaltenssteuernde Nudging von heute mit den Umbrüchen in den Jahren „nach dem Boom“ verbinden. Damit geht es aber um nicht weniger als um den Wandel politischer Regulierung und staatlichen Handelns im letzten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts.
„Geschichte ist machbar, Herr Nachbar!“
Authors: König Malte
Published: July 2018

Vorspann

Duelle zwischen Toten kann es eigentlich nicht geben, und doch finden sie bisweilen statt. In Berlin kreuzten beispielsweise nach der Jahrtausendwende noch einmal zwei verstorbene Heroen der alten Bundesrepublik die Klingen: der Studentenführer Rudi Dutschke und der Medienzar Axel Cäsar Springer. Arena dieses paradoxen Schauspiels war die Kochstraße im Berliner Bezirk Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg mit der Zentrale der Axel Springer AG, die in Rudi-Dutschke-Straße umbenannt werden sollte. Malte König zeichnet die mit harten Bandagen und überraschenden Mitteln geführte Auseinandersetzung nach, in der letztlich nichts anderes verhandelt wurde als der historische Ort von „1968“ in der deutschen Geschichte.
The lanthanide hydride oxides SmHO and HoHO
Authors: Zapp Nicolas , Kohlmann Holger
Published: July 2018

Metal hydride oxides are an interesting class of compounds with potential for hydride ion conduction and as host materials for luminescence. SmHO and HoHO were prepared from mixtures of the sesquioxides Ln
2O3 and the hydrides LnH2+

x
at 1173 K as gray powders (Ln=Sm, Ho). They crystallize in a fluorite type crystal structure with disordered anion distribution (Fm3̅m; SmHO: a=5.46953(6) Å, V=163.625(5) Å3; HoHO: a=5.27782(3) Å, V=147.016(2) Å3, based on powder X-ray diffraction) and show stability towards air. Lanthanide-oxygen and -hydrogen distances are 2.36838(3) Å in SmHO and 2.28536(1) Å in HoHO and comparable to those in binary lanthanide oxides and hydrides. Elemental analyses confirm the composition LnHO. Quantum-mechanical calculations show a negative enthalpy for the reaction RE
2O3+REH3→3 REHO for all lanthanides and Y, with increasing values for decreasing ionic radii.
Optimising Genomic Selection in Wheat: Effect of Marker Density, Population Size and Population Structure on Prediction Accuracy
Authors: Norman Adam , Taylor Julian , Edwards James , Kuchel Haydn
Published: July 2018

Genomic selection applied to plant breeding enables earlier estimates of a line’s performance and significant reductions in generation interval. Several factors affecting prediction accuracy should be well understood if breeders are to harness genomic selection to its full potential. We used a panel of 10,375 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) lines genotyped with 18,101 SNP markers to investigate the effect and interaction of training set size, population structure and marker density on genomic prediction accuracy. Through assessing the effect of training set size we showed the rate at which prediction accuracy increases is slower beyond approximately 2,000 lines. The structure of the panel was assessed via principal component analysis and K-means clustering, and its effect on prediction accuracy was examined through a novel cross-validation analysis according to the K-means clusters and breeding cohorts. Here we showed that accuracy can be improved by increasing the diversity within the training set, particularly when relatedness between training and validation sets is low. The breeding cohort analysis revealed that traits with higher selection pressure (lower allelic diversity) can be more accurately predicted by including several previous cohorts in the training set. The effect of marker density and its interaction with population structure was assessed for marker subsets containing between 100 and 17,181 markers. This analysis showed that response to increased marker density is largest when using a diverse training set to predict between poorly related material. These findings represent a significant resource for plant breeders and contribute to the collective knowledge on the optimal structure of calibration panels for genomic prediction.
A Note on Heat Transfer Unsteady Similar Boundary Layer Flow Over a Streatching Surface with Power Law Temperature
Authors: M. Ferdows  , Zavid Iqbal Bangalee  , Selina Parvin  , Don Liu
Published: July 2018

The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on unsteady two dimensional viscous and incompressible boundary layer flow and heat transfer from a stretching surface. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation. The governing equations are solved through the use of Spectral relaxation method. The solution is found to be dependent on the governing parameters including the Prandtl number, unsteadiness parameter, thermal radiation parameter, Eckert number and power law temperature parameter. Flow profiles are presented graphically for various values of the problem parameters.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS OF RECOUNT TEXT BY APPLYING TRANSITION-ACTION-DETAILS (TAD) STRATEGY
Authors: Muhsin Arief
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT This research aimed to explain how the use of the Transition-Action-Details (TAD, hereafter) Strategy improved students’ skills in writing Recount Text dealing with the content of writing. It also aimed to explain how the TAD Strategy improved students’ skills in writing Recount Text dealing with the organization of writing. Employing CAR as the reseaech design, the research findings indicate that TAD Strategy improves students’ writing skills of Recount Text. It was proven by the writing Recount Text of the students’ mean score in cycle 2 test result (78.95). This improved from the cycle 1 mean score (68.95). It improved significantly from diagnostic test (D – test) mean score (61.04). The writing Recount Text of the students’ achievement in cycle 2 indicated that it had met the score target (70.00), and considered to be successful criteria in improving the writing Recount Text through TAD Strategy. Based on the findings above, the author concluded that using TAD Strategy could improve the writing Recount Text of the students.   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana penggunaan Strategi Transisi-Aksi-Detail (TAD, selanjutnya) Strategi meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dalam menulis Recount Text yang berhubungan dengan isi tulisan. Ini juga bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Strategi TAD meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dalam menulis Recount Text yang berhubungan dengan organisasi penulisan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TAD Strategy meningkatkan keterampilan menulis siswa dari Recount Text. Hal ini terbukti dengan penulisan Recount Text dari nilai rata-rata siswa dalam hasil tes siklus 2 (78,95). Ini meningkat dari skor rata-rata siklus 1 (68,95). Ini meningkat secara signifikan dari tes diagnostik (D-test) skor rata-rata (61,04). Tulisan Recount Text tentang pencapaian siswa dalam siklus 2 menunjukkan bahwa mereka telah memenuhi target skor (70,00), dan dianggap sebagai kriteria yang berhasil dalam meningkatkan penulisan Recount Text melalui TAD Strategy. Berdasarkan temuan di atas, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa menggunakan TAD Strategy dapat meningkatkan penulisan Recount Text dari para siswa.   How to Cite: Muhsin, M. A. (2017). Improving Students’ Writing Skills of Recount Text by Applying Transition-Action-Details (TAD) Strategy. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(2), 156-167. doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i2.2430
THE USE OF CONTENT-BASED SUMMARIZING TECHNIQUE IN IMPROVING STUDENTS’ READING SKILLS OF MADRASAH
Authors: Aratusa Zana Chobita
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Previous studies argued that summarizing techniques can improve students skill to comprehend a reading text, but those studies did not address what type of summarizing teachniques and how to apply them, in particular in Islamic schools context in which their studdents often study rich textual documents. Through the use of the experimental method, this study implemented Content-Based Summarizing Technique (CBST) in teaching English reading skill at two State Islamic Senior High Schools (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri) in Palu, Central Sulawesi. After 12 weeks teaching, this study found that students who were taught by using CBST have significantly improved their reading skill to comprehend a reading text. Meanwhile, the non-CBST treatment students’ reading skill remain stable. This study concludes  that the use of CBST in English reading teaching can be used as a new alternative technique in English teaching. The limitation of this study is that the treatment might not be long enough and the sample small. Future research need to involve more sample and apply longer treatment period.  ABSTRAK Sejumlah penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa teknik merangkum dapat meningkatkan keterampilan siswa untuk memahami teks bacaan, namun penelitian tersebut tidak membahas jenis pengajaran yang meringkas dan bagaimana menerapkannya, khususnya dalam konteks sekolah Islam seperti madrasah yang  para siswanya sering mempelajari berbagai teks bacaan. Dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen, penelitian ini menerapkan Content-Based Summarizing Technique (CBST) dalam pembelajaran keterampilan membaca dalam bahasa Inggris pada dua Madrasah Aliyah Negeri di Palu, Sulawesi Tengah. Setelah 12 minggu mengajar, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa siswa yang diajar dengan CBST mampu meningkatkan kemampuan membaca mereka secara signifikan dalam memahami teks bacaan dalam bahasa Inggris. Sementara itu, kemampuan membaca siswa yang tidak diajarkan dengan -CBST tetap tidak meningkat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan CBST dalam pengajaran membaca bahasa Inggris dapat digunakan sebagai teknik alternatif baru dalam pengajaran bahasa Inggris. Keterbatasan penelitian ini adalah lamanya penerapan CBST mungkin tidak cukup dan sampelnya kecil. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu melibatkan lebih banyak sampel dan  periode penerapan CBST perlu lebih lama.    How to Cite: Aratusa, Z. C. (2017). The Use  of Content-Based Summarizing Technique in Improving Students’ Reading Skills of Madrasah. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 4(2), 208-220. doi:10.15408/ijee.v4i2.6153
Pathology of First-generation Drug-eluting Stents in Humans
Authors: Otsuka Fumiyuki ,   CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, Nakano Masataka ,   CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, Yazdani Saami K ,   CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, Ladich Elena ,   CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, Kolodgie Frank D ,   CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, Virmani Renu ,   CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg
Published: July 2018

First-generation sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) have dramatically reduced restenosis, although concern still exists about the long-term safety of this technology since observational studies have shown a steady increase in the rate of late stent thrombosis (LST), an infrequent but catastrophic complication. Although the mechanisms of LST are multifactorial, our laboratory has demonstrated that delayed arterial healing accompanied by poor endothelialisation is the primary pathogical substrate underlying this event. Delayed arterial healing is associated with penetration of necrotic core, long/overlapping stents and bifurcation stenting, especially in flow divider (high shear) regions. Grade V stent fracture is also associated with adverse pathogical findings including LST and restenosis. Moreover, localised hypersensitivity reaction is exclusive to SES as an underlying mechanism of LST, while malapposition secondary to excessive fibrin deposition is associated with PES. Uncovered struts are still identified in both SES and PES with implant duration beyond 12 months, particularly in stents placed for ‘off-label’ indications. In conclusion, the first generation of drug-eluting stents (DES) certainly reduce neointimal growth but this comes at the price of delayed healing.
Agropecuária e indústria no Centro-Oeste brasileiro entre as décadas de 1960 e 1980: uma análise de classes
Authors: Vazquez Soares Herick
Published: July 2018

El trabajo identifica el contexto macroeconómico subyacente a la constitución del complejo agroindustrial brasileño y a la incorporación de la región centro-oeste al espacio económico nacional entre 1965 y 1980, con el propósito de analizar la estructura regional de clases engendrada por ese proceso. Este análisis se da a través del levantamiento bibliográfico y documental de las políticas públicas sectoriales, económicas y regionales que llevaron a la aceleración del proceso de industrialización en el país durante los Gobiernos militares y se articula con el análisis de los censos poblacionales, agropecuarios e industriales del periodo transcurrido entre 1965 y 1980. A partir de ese levantamiento de información, el artículo hace una reflexión en el marco de la teoría de la dependencia latinoamericana acerca de la estructura de clases originada con la incorporación de la región centro-oeste al espacio económico nacional. Los resultados del estudio demuestran que la incorporación de dicho territorio al capitalismo brasileño se dio a través de la acción conjugada entre Estado, propietarios de la tierra y capitales agroindustriales, siendo un paso relevante para la transformación de la posición de Brasil en la división internacional del trabajo y para su diferenciación en relación con los demás países periféricos. Esta incorporación, cuyo ritmo de expansión y moldes de desarrollo fueron dados a partir de las nuevas tecnologías agropecuarias y del dominio de la propiedad capitalista de la tierra, produjo un pacto regional de clases cuya discusión y reflexión debe tener en cuenta su semejanza con el trípode social descrito por la teoría de la dependencia latinoamericana, en tanto expresión típica de la industrialización dependiente en una región esencialmente agrícola, pero indicativa del carácter industrial de la agricultura capitalista moderna.
Encuentro multicultural en el arte de barniz de Pasto o la laca del Virreinato del Perú
Authors: Kawamura Kawamura Yayoi
Published: July 2018

Dentro de los múltiples influjos y fuentes de inspiración que pudieron existir para el desarrollo del arte del barniz de Pasto, este estudio se centra en identificar en él las huellas presentes del estilo namban, un tipo de laca japonesa de exportación (ca. 1580- ca. 1630). En esa medida, al analizar una arqueta de barniz de Pasto adornada con unas iconografías e inscripciones muy singulares, se indagan por los posibles influjos de la laca japonesa y del erudito mundo de los emblemas y libros moralizantes —desarrollados ampliamente en España durante los siglos XVI y XVII— en el arte del barniz de Pasto. Para completar el análisis iconográfico también se tuvieron en cuenta las imágenes basadas en la cultura quechua, en concreto, la de la serpiente Amaru. Tales averiguaciones se adelantaron mediante el método comparativo, ya que este permitió establecer dos tipos de paralelos: por un lado, contrastar las técnicas y motivos decorativos de la laca namban con los del barniz de Pasto; y por el otro, comparar las inscripciones e imágenes de este último con las imágenes y emblemas españoles de los siglos XVI y XVII. El estudio evidencia que el barniz de Pasto es representativo de la gran capacidad de los virreinatos americanos para absorber diferentes culturas, demostrando así que —a nivel material, en este caso— ellos fueron consecuencia de la fusión producida en el Nuevo Mundo entre la cultura europea, la asiática y la autóctona. El texto concluye que a pesar de la ausencia de evidencias documentales sobre los asentamientos de barnizadores en los Andes centrales y de los estilos cultivados allí, la arqueta analizada con la imagen de Amaru, se muestra como una prueba significativa para iniciar indagaciones a fondo sobre la posible presencia y elaboración de esta técnica mixta en dicha región.
La platería andina colonial a través de la historia de la familia Sacayco
Authors: Vetter Parodi Luisa María
Published: July 2018

El platero indio en la colonia ha sido poco estudiado por los investigadores. No solo desde el punto de vista social, sino también económico y tecnológico. Quizás la falta de interés radique en la poca información que aparece en los documentos coloniales hallados hasta el momento sobre estos artesanos, además de la casi imposibilidad de identificar los objetos manufacturados por estos especialistas, en vista de que las piezas carecen de firma. En estas líneas pretendemos mostrar, mediante el uso de documentos históricos y de estudios arqueológicos, cómo es que estos plateros indios buscaron un lugar en la nueva sociedad luego de la conquista europea, y cómo se incorporaron a esta gracias a su destreza y habilidad en el arte de la platería.
Artistas y artesanos en las sociedades preindustriales de Hispanoamérica, siglos XVI-XVIII
Authors: Jiménez Meneses Orián , Pérez Toledo Sonia , Lane Kris
Published: July 2018

Presentación del editor-director y de los editores invitados para el número 35.
The overall and fat composition of milk of various species
Authors:   University of Josipa Jurja Strossmayera in Osijek, Faculty of Agriculture, Kralja Petra Svačića 1d, 31000 Osijek, Croatia, Gantner Vesna
Published: July 2018

Milk, an essential source of offspring nourishment, varies in it’s composition and properties significantly across species. In human nutrition, fresh milk and dairy products are valuable sources of protein, fat and energy, and are an important part of daily meals. Most of the world’s milk production (85 %) comes from cows followed by buffaloes, goats, ewes, mares and donkeys. However milk related food allergies in infants may be a reason for health problems and may cause a decrease in milk. The objective of this paper was to give an overview of the overall composition of milk and fat from different species in comparison to women milk. Regarding the overall milk composition remarkable differences in energy content, fat, lactose, protein and ash of the various milks were found, but also some similarities among milk from ruminants and non-ruminants were detected. The structures of fat globule membranes were similar among non-ruminants and women milk, while the milk fat globule structure in ruminants differed significantly. The size of fat globules was significantly different between species and highly correlated to the milk fat content, regardless of the specie. The amount of triacylglycerols was notably higher, while the amount of free fatty acids and phospholipids was notably lower in milk from ruminants and women compared to milk from mares and donkeys. The triacylglycerol structure in women and non-ruminantsˈ was similar. The percentage of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids was lower, while the unsaturated fatty acid content was higher in milk from non-ruminants, with a remarkably higher percentage of C-18:2 and C-18:3. The cholesterol content was similar in women and ruminantsˈ milk, but lower in that of non-ruminants. This review indicates that milk from non-ruminants could be more suitable for human nourishment than milk from ruminants.
Use of the FacebookTM social network in data collection and dissemination of evidence
Authors: Vieira Ana Cláudia , Harrison Denise Margaret , Bueno Mariana , Guimarães Natalia
Published: July 2018

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the FacebookTM platform as a means of disseminating a video in Portuguese demonstrating the use of three interventions of pain management (breastfeeding, skin-to-skin contact, and sweet solutions) during minor procedures, and to evaluate prior knowledge, the range, dissemination and intent to use the strategies in the future. Method: This is a cross-sectional survey, which used the "virtual snowball" sampling method, aimed at parents and health professionals caring for neonates. The study was conducted in Brazil, through a FacebookTM page (https://www.facebook.com/sejadocecomosbebes), in which the video and a brief questionnaire were posted. Results: After three months the page reached 28,364 "views", in 45 municipalities across Brazil, 1531 people accessed the page, 709 responses to the questionnaires, 1126 "likes", and multiple positive comments. Almost all viewers (99.71%) answered they would use one of the pain reducing strategies. Conclusion: Our results indicate that using FacebookTM to deliver and evaluate an intervention is feasible, rapid in obtaining responses at a low cost, and it is promising for data collection and knowledge dissemination.
Adaptations and inventions in the praxis of nurses in home care: implications of the reflective practice
Authors: Andrade Angélica Mônica , Silva Kênia Lara
Published: July 2018

Abstract Objective: To analyze the praxis of nurses at home, considering their power to invent new ways of producing care. Methods: This is a Unique Case Study, with a qualitative nature, anchored in the theoretical-methodological framework of dialectics. It was attended by 13 nurses working in home care services in Minas Gerais State. Data were obtained through participant observation and interview, and then submitted to Critical Discourse Analysis. Results: The praxis of the nurse at home is shaped by the relationship of interdependence between theory and practice and of a practice built through adaptations and inventions entailed by the specific context of Home Care, as well as by the space where care happens. Conclusions and implications for practice: Adaptations and inventions represent the sensible action of nurses expressed during practice, with a view to transforming a reality. Moreover, they have a dialectical relationship between lack of resource and accomplishment of care.
A landscape of Communication Methodologies and Epistemology
Authors: Marinho Sandra , Mariño Miguel Vicente
Published: July 2018

Communication research progressively consolidated its presence and relevance within the Social Sciences over the course of the 20th century...
1989, the year that never ended: epistemology and methodology of the research in Political Communication in Brazil
Authors: Marques Francisco Paulo Jamil , Miola Edna
Published: July 2018

This paper examines a relevant part of the Brazilian scientific production in Political Communication in order to assess the epistemological and methodological advances and flaws that have featured this area of expertise. The argument is divided into four parts. In the first one, we discuss different theoretical questions, ranging from the imprecision in the definition of objects and categories of research to a persistent conceptual outdatedness. Next, the text focuses on some of the most common methodological options found in empirical studies present in the field, diagnosing the predominance of a descriptive emphasis. The third section reflects on the consequences of the burdens previously pointed out: for example, research findings that tend to overestimate media effects. We conclude our argument by addressing some suggestions that may help to solve part of the problems here outlined.
Epistemologia, métodos e teorias da comunicação na era do Big Data: panorama crítico da pesquisa em mídias sociais
Authors: Soares Ana Thereza Nogueira
Published: July 2018

O artigo propõe uma reflexão crítica sobre as implicações epistemológicas, metodológicas e teórico-conceituais das pesquisas baseadas no Big Data – especialmente em dados de mídias sociais – para o campo científico da comunicação. Do ponto de vista epistemológico, revela a insustentabilidade de modelos de análise baseados em enquadramentos estáticos da comunicação, alegando que os processos sociais que emergem com a influência da internet apresentam-se, inequivocamente, em formatos fluidos e contingentes. Nesse âmbito, destaca que a própria evolução da tecnologia tem condições de impulsionar a construção de ferramentas de coleta e análise de dados capazes de apreender os movimentos comunicacionais, fazendo jus à necessidade de alinhamento entre ontologia, epistemologia e metodologia na pesquisa científica. O texto, ainda, problematiza questões relativas à construção teórico-conceitual da comunicação. Acredita-se que o relevo adquirido pelos dados, nos últimos anos, não deve apontar para um domínio do empírico sobre o teórico. Efetivamente, o fortalecimento da ciência da comunicação passa pela precisão e pelo cuidado com o uso de termos, modelos e referências teóricas historicamente consolidados na problematização e explicação do contemporâneo.
Mudanças metodológicas e desafios na medição da liberdade de informação. Uma análise dos índices Repórteres Sem Fronteiras e Freedom House
Authors: Frutos Ruth de , Giannone Diego
Published: July 2018

O artigo analisa os principais desafios metodológicos colocados pelos dois indicadores mais importantes para medir a liberdade de imprensa no mundo. Freedom House (FH) e Repórteres Sem Fronteiras (RSF) tornaram-se referência para estudos que vão além da liberdade de imprensa, e sua importância nos obriga a analisar os aspetos metodológicos que determinam essas metodologias e que são omitidos. Os resultados deste estudo, ao analisar-se a avaliação dos países latino-americanos nos índices RSF e FH, nos permitem determinar que esses instrumentos apresentam graves deficiências metodológicas que, embora se tenham tentado corrigir, continuam a ser fonte de inúmeras controvérsias, como a ausência de mecanismos de proteção dos jornalistas em seus instrumentos de medição.
Methodological proposal for the evaluation of journalistic applications based on cards
Authors: Paulino Rita de Cássia Romeiro , Empinotti Marina Lisboa
Published: July 2018

More and more journalistic content for smartphones is no longer based on other vehicles of the company, analogic or digital, and become appropriate for the new mobile environment. The card-based news design presents itself as a good solution for creating native mobile interfaces. In this work we discuss the major contributions of the “card” type interfaces for news applications for smartphones and describe an evaluation model for this type of content in order to offer a tool for systematizing and classifying researches in the areas of journalism, design, among others.
Религия и социальная справедливость: обзор исследований влияния религиозности на предпочтения относительно социальной политики
Authors: Кулькова Анна Юрьевна
Published: July 2018

Анна Кулькова – младший научный сотрудник, Научно-учебная лаборатория политических исследований, НИУ ВШЭ, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: akulkova@hse.ru

Масштабы социальной политики зависят от уровня развития государства, которым определяется, какое количество ресурсов государство может перераспределять и направлять на помощь нуждающимся. Однако проводимая социальная политика также зависит и от предпочтений граждан, их представлений о необходимости помощи определенным социальным группам, о степени допустимого вмешательства государства в экономику. В отличие от исследований, которые объясняют различия в предпочтениях относительно социальной политики через социально-экономические факторы, в фокусе этого обзора исследований находится религия как культурный предиктор восприятия государства благосостояния. Религия может оказывать воздействие на индивидуальные предпочтения относительно перераспределения благ, как создавая общий культурный контекст и задавая некий стандарт помощи нуждающимся, так и определяя индивидуальные установки верующих относительно того, кто заслуживает помощи и как она должна осуществляться. Статья представляет собой обзор механизмов влияния религии на формирование индивидуальных предпочтений относительно социальной политики, в котором на основании существующих исследований анализируется, существуют ли различия в отношении к социальной политике между последователями разных религиозных традиций, а также между религиозными и нерелигиозными людьми в современной Европе. Сначала религия рассматривается как фактор контекстуального уровня, и в фокусе оказывается влияние церковно-государственных отношений и содержательной стороны доминирующей религиозной традиции на формирование принципиально разного отношения к бедности и, как следствие, разных режимов благосостояния в странах Европы. Затем религия рассматривается как предиктор индивидуального уровня, и анализируется, как на предпочтения относительно перераспределения благ влияет степень индивидуальной религиозности.
Особенности здоровья и возрастная структура российских рабочих – традиции против изменений
Authors: Тихонова Наталья Евгеньевна
Published: July 2018

Наталья Евгеньевна Тихонова – д. с. н., профессор-исследователь, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»; главный научный сотрудник, Институт социологии ФНИСЦ РАН, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: ntihonova@hse.ru

В статье на материалах 25-й волны РМЭЗ НИУ ВШЭ (2016 г.) рассматривается физиологический ресурс рабочих, операционализированный через показатели возраста и состояния здоровья. Анализируется соотношение традиций (в частности, предпочтений при выборе молодежью типа деятельности) и изменений. Показано, что возрастная структура российских рабочих воспроизводится и практически совпадает с возрастной структурой работающего населения страны в целом. Миф о том, что молодежь не хочет «идти в рабочие» обусловлен высокой долей среди молодых рабочих неофициальной занятости, в силу чего значительная их часть не попадает в систему статистического учета. В то же время в последние годы наметились изменения – среди молодежи до 25 лет профессия продавца стала популярнее рабочих профессий. Продемонстрировано, что российские рабочие гетерогенная по состоянию здоровья профессиональная группа. Если квалифицированные рабочие характеризуются хорошими показателями здоровья, то работники неквалифицированного физического труда обладают не просто наихудшими показателями здоровья из всех профессиональных групп, но и наиболее ярко выраженной тенденцией его ухудшения с возрастом. Выделены три группы работников: полностью здоровые, с наличием отдельных проблем со здоровьем и имеющие множественные и серьезные проблемы со здоровьем. Итоговый вывод статьи заключается в том, что физиологический ресурс квалифицированных рабочих в России в настоящее время достаточен для того, чтобы можно было говорить об их способности выполнять задачи, которые могут встать в случае интенсивной технологической перестройки экономики. В то же время в силу возможных технологических изменений в области занятости рабочих, и в экономике в целом, формируются серьезные вызовы для государственной социальной политики, без адекватного ответа на которые невозможно обеспечить устойчивое социально-экономическое развитие страны в среднесрочной перспективе.
Sex and Drugs and Revolutionary Justice: Negotiating 'Female Criminality' in the Early Soviet Courtroom
Authors: Vasilyev Pavel
Published: July 2018

Pavel A. Vasilyev – kandidat nauk (PhD) in Russian History, Postdoctoral Fellow, Polonsky Academy for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Van Leer Jerusalem Institute, Israel. Email: pavelv@vanleer.org.il

This article builds on previous research on early Soviet female criminality, in particular the studies by Sharon A. Kowalsky and Dan Healey, that have demonstrated how Soviet courts and criminologists explained and handled crimes committed by females, revealing, in the process, profound ambiguities and contradictions in their attitudes towards women. However, unlike Kowalsky and Healey, I focus on an earlier period (1917–1922) and make extensive use of the under-researched archival collections of Petrograd’s local judicial institutions (People’s Courts), drawing on materials such as investigatory reports and court proceedings. Focusing on a 1919 criminal case from the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg (Tsentral’nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Sankt-Peterburga, TsGA SPb) in particular, this paper argues that in the volatile setting of the early Soviet courtroom 'female criminality' was not a clear-cut concept, but rather a malleable product of intense negotiations that involved all legal actors and centered around the contested notions of female subjectivity, socialist ideology, and the material conditions of living. Employing quasi-theatrical language, I first introduce the protagonists and describe the background of this criminal case. Then, I look at the litigation strategies that the two main female defendants employed and the different ways in which they highlighted the material embeddedness of their emotions. Finally, I examine the expressions of remorse and reflect on their role in sentencing within the wider context of the ongoing Russian Civil War and the early Soviet legal reforms. By viewing 'female criminality' as a product of open-ended negotiations and by re-emphasizing the material conditions of revolutionary Petrograd, the article provides a new perspective on gender, crime and the administration of justice in that turbulent period.
Gene modeling and prediction v1
Authors: Zhao Hansheng
Published: July 2018

We performed a considerate prediction of intact protein-coding gene models using three independent approaches, i.e.,de novoprediction, homology-based method, and RNA-Seq approach.
RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN JUDGMENTS IN BRAZIL: NOTES ON BRAZILIAN SUBSTANTIVE AND PROCEDURAL PUBLIC POLICY
Authors: Tiburcio Carmen , Barroso Luís Roberto
Published: July 2018

After presenting a brief overview on the Brazilian legal system, the paper deals with the recognition of foreign decisions in Brazil, focusing on the requirement of public policy, both in the substantive and procedural aspects.
RIGHTS, DEMOCRACY AND DEVELOPMENT: THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM’S ROLE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Ferreira Vivian Maria Pereira , Langenegger Natalia
Published: July 2018

This article seeks to discuss whether and how the judicial system has been assuming a new institutional role in the design of public policies aimed at promoting of Economical Social and Cultural Rights (ESCR) in developing countries. Considering that these rights are crucial for human and social development, the article discusses the ways in which the judicial system might interfere with the process of development.Alongside a theoretical debate, the article presents a functionalist comparative study of the public interest litigation in Brazil, India and South Africa. It focuses on how judges seek to promote ESCR as well as on the benefits and problems of their intervention in public policies created by democratic governments and legislatures.The diagnosis that judicial systems around the world play different roles from the ones recommended by the economic neoliberal mainstream shows that several different institutional arrangements are possible and that some of them might be more adequate to the reality of the developing world. Therefore, the article hopes to provide insights to rethink global governance and the current knowledge on law and political economy from a new paradigm.
CONSTITUTIONALISM AND JUDICIALIZATION OF POLITICS: THE “JUDICIAL” RIGHT TO HEALTHCARE IN BRAZIL
Authors: Coletto Bruno Irion , Moreira Pedro Da Silva
Published: July 2018

The right to healthcare in Brazil is seriously protected by the courts. Judicialization of everyday implementation of this public policy is a fact. One explanation may be provided by the way judges understand the effectiveness of this right. People hold subjective right to individualized healthcare benefits, and so they hold standing to sue the state in order to achieve it, regardless any consideration of public policies. Through an analysis of the jurisprudence on this issue, this paper aims to provide a critical understanding not just about what is actually happening in Brazilian courts regarding healthcare, but also to criticize it. The conclusion is that a “strong” conception of constitutionalism and fundamental rights may revel itself as “weak,” from the standpoint of general equality. Judicialization ends up empting the public debate, leading the task of solving the distribution of scarce resources to a “gowned aristocracy.”
L’IMPORTANCE DU MULTICULTURALISME DANS LES CONSTITUTIONS DES ÉTATS LATINS ET L’ABOUTISSEMENT D’UN NOUVEAU CONSTITUTIONALISME
Authors: Kallas Fernanda Marcos
Published: July 2018

L’article vise à montrer l’importance du multiculturalisme, ainsi que les apports pour les États latino-Américain en analysant son évolution. Pour développer cette question, nous allons conceptualiser ce multiculturalisme, ainsi que l’arrivée du nouveau constitutionnalisme adopté par les constitutions latines ces dernières années, en abordant le cas spécifique de la législation brésilienne.
THE NON-CRIMINALIZATION PRINCIPLE IN ACCORDANCE TO THE NEW BRAZILIAN MIGRATION LAW
Authors: Moraes Ana Luisa Zago de
Published: July 2018

In the study of migration, one aspect that deserves special attention is the tendency of immigrant’s criminalization by host countries and the mechanisms of international and domestic law to suppress such phenomenon. Hence, the purpose of this article is precisely to address these mechanisms and develop the theoretical construction of the “non- criminalization principle”.