bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adam Smith and the problem of unintended consequences
Authors: Infantino Lorenzo
Published: September 2020

Over the years, libraries have accumulated an enormous number of books concerning the work of Adam Smith. Yet, research covering the methodology adopted by the great Scot occupies very little space. This is probably due to the fact that, while Smith was an all-round scholar, specialisation in research activity has progressively reduced the scope of knowledge of each of us. It is therefore rare to find one researcher covering Smith’s entire opus. If, however, we manage to overcome the barriers of specialisation, it is possible to perceive a common denominator that holds the various phases of Smith’s activity together. This denominator is methodological in nature. From his History of astronomy, Smith set himself the problem of the unintended consequences of intentional human actions. He understood that looking at everything that happens as a direct outcome of human will or divine will prevents us from seeing that there is a ‘third person’ that we must take into account: social interaction – that is to say, the process of co-adaptation of individual plans from which, without any design on our part, our rules and institutions are born. Attention to unintended consequences is present in every one of Smith’s works, and it touches on topics ranging from the origin of moral rules to the formation of the self, and from social cooperation to the delimitation of the sphere of intervention of public power.
Parametric study of laser-induced damage growth in fused silica optics
with large beams at 351  nm. Part 1: stochastic approach
Authors: Veinhard Matthieu , Bonville Odile , Bouillet Stéphane , Courchinoux Roger , Parreault Romain , Natoli Jean-Yves , Lamaignère Laurent
Published: September 2020

Both the rate and probability of the growth of laser-induced damage
sites in fused silica depend on several parameters. In this two-part
paper, we investigate the impact of the laser parameters on damage
growth. In Part 1, we present statistical measurements of damage
growth at different energy densities, pulse durations, and initial
damage sizes. In Part 2, we use fractal analysis to quantify the
evolution of the damage morphology as a function of the laser energy
density and pulse duration. Damage initiation is performed using phase
masks. These phase masks allow for the initiation of evenly spaced
damage sites that can then be exposed to the same laser beam, and,
therefore, the same pulse duration. This configuration allowed the
study of damage growth in a large population of more than 5000 damage
sites. The results clearly indicate that both the probability and the
rate at which a damage site will grow strongly depend on the laser
pulse duration. These differences can be explained by hypotheses that
we have developed from an observation of the bulk damage morphology.
Such observations will be presented in detail in the second part of
this article.
Controllable duration and repetition-rate picosecond pulses from a high-average-power OP-GaAs OPO
Authors: Fu Qiang , Wu Yudi , Liang Sijing , Shardlow Peter C. , Shepherd David P. , Alam Shaif-ul , Xu Lin , Richardson David J.
Published: September 2020

We report an orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OP-GaAs) optical parametric oscillator (OPO) offering a high degree of temporal flexibility with controllable pulse repetition rates from 100 MHz to 1 GHz and pulse durations from ∼95 ps to ∼1.1 ns. The maximum average power of 9.2-W signal (3.3 μm) and 4.5-W idler (4.9 μm) was obtained at a repetition rate of 100 MHz and a pulse duration of ∼95 ps, with a pump power of 34.3 W and at a slope efficiency of 45.4%. The corresponding total average output power of 13.7 W is the highest power achieved to date from an OP-GaAs OPO, to the best of our knowledge.
Computational ghost imaging with spatiotemporal encoding pseudo-random binary patterns
Authors: Ye Zhiyuan , Liu Hong-Chao , Xiong Jun
Published: September 2020

Computational ghost imaging (CGI) can reconstruct the pixelated image of a target without lenses and image sensors. In almost all spatial CGI systems using various patterns reported in the past, people often only focus on the distribution of patterns in the spatial dimension but ignore the possibility of encoding in the time dimension or even the space-time dimension. Although the random illumination pattern in CGI always brings some inevitable background noise to the recovered image, it has considerable advantages in optical encryption, authentication, and watermarking technologies. In this paper, we focus on stimulating the potential of random lighting patterns in the space-time dimension for embedding large amounts of information. Inspired by binary CGI and second-order correlation operations, we design two novel generation schemes of pseudo-random patterns for information embedding that are suitable for different scenarios. Specifically, we embed a total of 10,000 ghost images (64 × 64 pixels) of the designed Hadamard-matrix-based data container patterns in the framework of CGI, and these ghost images can be quantitatively decoded to two 8-bit standard grayscale images, with a total data volume of 1, 280, 000 bits. Our scheme has good noise resistance and a low symbol error rate. One can design the number of lighting patterns and the information capacity of the design patterns according to the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. Our scheme, therefore, paves the way for CGI using random lighting patterns to embed large amounts of information and provides new insights into CGI-based encryption, authentication, and watermarking technologies.
Photonic-based reconfigurable microwave frequency divider using two cascaded dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators
Authors: Chen Yu , Zuo Pengcheng , Shi Taixia , Chen Yang
Published: September 2020

A photonic-based reconfigurable microwave frequency divider using two cascaded dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (DP-MZMs) is proposed. The first DP-MZM is driven by the input microwave signal, whereas the second DP-MZM is incorporated in an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) loop and driven by the feedback signal. By properly setting the working conditions of the two DP-MZMs, the frequency of the input microwave signal is divided and the frequency-divided signal will oscillate in the OEO loop, with a tunable frequency-division factor determined by the bias conditions of the DP-MZMs. An experiment is performed. The reconfigurable microwave frequency divider is demonstrated with a frequency-division factor of 1.5, 2.5, 2, or 3, and the phase noise of the frequency-divided signals is also evaluated, which has an improvement of 3.22, 7.60, 5.80, or 9.49 dB at 10-kHz frequency offset, respectively, compared with that of the input microwave signals.
Profile reconstruction of a local defect in a groove structure and the theoretical limit under the vector diffraction theory
Authors: Sugisaka Jun-ichiro , Yasui Takashi , Hirayama Koichi
Published: September 2020

The profile of a fine local defect in a periodic surface relief structure is reconstructed from a scattered wave. This defect cannot be imaged with an optical imaging system owing to the diffraction limit, and complicated multiscattering among the high-aspect-ratio grooves and the defect makes it difficult to reconstruct the profile using the scalar diffraction theory. We propose and numerically demonstrate a reconstruction algorithm by applying an efficient vector analysis method—the difference-field boundary element method. We also classify the profile according to the difficulty of reconstruction, which depends on the observation system and the noise level. Finally, this analysis provides the accuracy and limit of reconstruction under the vector diffraction theory.
Delineating the changing frontstage and backstage segregation in high-end and luxury hotels
Authors: Efthymiou Leonidas , Orphanidou Yianna , Panayiotou George
Published: September 2020

A common characteristic in George Orwell’s, William Foote Whyte’s and Erving Goffman’s classic works, as well as in the literature that followed their legacy, is the tendency of authors to refer to a front-of-house (FoH) and back-of-house (BoH) segregation, especially in terms of workers’ skills, gender, aesthetic, emotional and ethnic characteristics. The mark between the two areas is also treated as a variable, based on the degree of interaction between employees and guests. Departing from Goffman’s so-called sore spot areas, we seek to understand how the line of visibility changes in the light of societal and cultural shifts. Drawing on 25 interviews with general and human resource managers, we report an alteration of the typical FoH/BoH distinction with serious implications for practice. A hotel’s workplace layout, aesthetic, hiring and product processes are redesigned to encompass a new organizational identity and offer embodied experiences.
The efficiency of treatment with a combined chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride drug for knee and hip osteoarthritis: intermediate results of a Russian observational study
Authors: Lila A. M. , Alekseeva L. I. , Telyshev K. A. , Baranov A. A. , Trofimov E. A.
Published: September 2020

Objective: to assess pain dynamics, daily functional activity of joints, quality of life, and treatment satisfaction in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis (KOA and HOA), who long take a combined glucosamine (GA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) drug in routine clinical practice.

Patients and methods: An interim analysis of data from an open multicenter prospective non-interventional study that is being conducted in the Russian Federation was carried out. The study included patients with Kellgren–Lawrence Stages I–III KOA or HOA, who were treated with a combined GA and CS drug (Theraflex®). The interim analysis was based on the data obtained at 16–24 weeks of treatment (Visit 2) in 542 patients (50% of the total sample).

Results and discussion. A study group included patients with KOA (n=399) or HOA (n=143) from 43 centers in Russia. At visit 2, the KOA/HOA patients showed positive changes in all subscales of the Knee disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS/Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) questionnaires compared to the baseline level. The proportion of patients with a ≥20% increase in different subscale scores ranged from 42.6 to 67.4% for KOA and from 47.6 to 66.4% for HOA.Most (89.1%) patients took Theraflex® for ≥3 months. 76,1% of patients were satisfied with treatment efficiency. Adverse events (AEs) related to treatment were recorded in 16 (3.0%) patients and included mainly gastrointestinal tract disorders in 12 (2.2%) cases.

Conclusion. The results obtained at 16–24 weeks of Theraflex® treatment are indicative of a decrease in the frequency and intensity of pain and other symptoms of OA, as well as increases in joint functional activity and quality of life in patients with KOA or HOA after the first cycle of therapy. The majority of the patients were satisfied with the treatment. The incidence of drug-related AEs was low, while their nature was consistent with information on the drug's side effects.
TRANSFORMASI HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM DI INDONESIA: Telaah Pemikiran Rifyal Ka’bah
Authors: Asmaret Desi , Koto Alaiddin , M Afrizal
Published: September 2020

This research discusses about Rifyal Ka'bah’s idea on the transformation of  Islamic family law to become the national law. This research focuses on how does Rifyal Ka’bah formulate the methods of the transformation of Islamic family law into national law? What is the influence of  the idea of the transformation to the development of Islamic legal thought in Indonesia? This research is a type library research with qualitative descriptive analysis.This research argues that Rifyal Ka’bah believes that gradual transformation of Islamic family law to become National law is the best way to make Islamic family law going down to earth. This can be performed by the issuance of judge's decision with a fair and consistent attitude. From the perspective of theoretical Islamic law, it is very useful to  use of ra'y and urf as sources of Islamic law after al-Qur’an, Hadis, and Ijma’ through the process of ijtihad jamā'i and tarjih. Rifyal Ka'bah has given significant influences to the emergence of various efforts of Islamic jurists in revising laws and regulations in accordance with the substance contained in Islamic law, jurisprudence guided by judges throughout Indonesia and changes in the mindset judges to apply the theory of diyāni and qaḍā 'i.Penelitian ini mengkaji pemikiran Rifyal Ka’bah dalam mentransformasikan hukum keluarga Islam menjadi hukum Nasional. Permasalahan utamanya: Bagaimana pemikiran dan sikap Rifyal tentang transformasi hukum keluarga Islam? Apakah metode penggalian hukum yang diterapkan Rifyal? Bagaimana posisi dan pengaruh pemikiran Rifyal dalam khazanah pemikiran hukum Islam di Indonesia? Penelitian bertujuan mewujudkan harmonisasi syari’at Islam dengan hukum Nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pustaka dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Temuan penelitian: Pertama, Pemikiran dan sikap Rifyal Ka'bah tentang transformasi hukum keluarga di Indonesia adalah mengubah fikih munakahat menjadi hukum Nasional, yakni memasukkan substansinya berangsur-angsur melalui putusan hakim dengan sikap adil dan konsisten. Kedua, metode penggalian hukum Rifyal Ka'bah adalah pengembangan metodologi uṣul al-fiqh dengan menempatkan ra'yu dan urf sebagai sumber hukum Islam setelah Alquran, hadits dan Ijma’ melalui metode ijtihad jamā'i dan tarjih. Ketiga, Pemikiran Rifyal Ka'bah mempengaruhi berbagai upaya para ahli hukum Islam dalam merevisi hukum dan peraturan sesuai dengan substansi hukum Islam, yurisprudensi yang dipedomani oleh hakim seluruh Indonesia, dan perubahan mindset hakim untuk menerapkan teori diyāni dan qaḍā'i.
Volume decay and concentration of high-dimensional Euclidean balls – a PDE and variational perspective
Authors: Li Siran
Published: September 2020

It is a well-known fact – which can be shown by elementary calculus – that the volume of the unit ball in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

decays to zero and simultaneously gets concentrated on the thin shell near the boundary sphere as

n
↗
∞

{n\nearrow\infty}

.
Many rigorous proofs and heuristic arguments are provided for this fact from different viewpoints, including Euclidean geometry, convex geometry, Banach space theory, combinatorics, probability, discrete geometry, etc.
In this note, we give yet another two proofs via the regularity theory of elliptic partial differential equations and calculus of variations.
Investigating the relationship between linguistic focus of recasts, learning styles and noticing
Authors: Tadayonifar Mojtaba , Entezari Mahnaz , Bahraman Mostafa
Published: September 2020

The efficacy of Corrective Feedback (CF) is contingent on various factors; conflicting results have been obtained regarding the roles of individual differences and the linguistic focus of CF. The current study investigated the relationship between the linguistic focus of recasts (the most common CF type) and noticing. It further explored the possible relationship between learning styles and recast noticing. The learning styles of 25 intermediate Iranian EFL learners were determined through the VARK questionnaire. During the participants’ story retelling tasks, the researchers provided recasts in response to their grammatical, lexical, and phonological errors. The class presentations were audiotaped, and recasts were highlighted. Online and retrospective methods of measuring noticing were used. Chi-Square tests indicated that there were significant differences among the participants’ noticing in general and in noticing of grammatical, lexical, and phonological recasts in particular. The results of post hoc analysis revealed that the auditory-style participants received the highest noticing rate and the kinesthetic style the least. The study further indicated that learners whose learning style was auditory better noticed grammatical recasts, learners whose learning style was mixed better noticed lexical recasts, and visual learners better noticed phonological recasts.
Errors in translation: A case study of Chinese into English translation
Authors: Du Wei , Saeheaw Teeraporn
Published: September 2020

Translation teachers have long experimented with various methods to help students improve their translation competence. This study approaches the issue by developing an assessment framework based on error analysis and a translation grading system, with the aim of identifying the most common and frequent errors committed by students in their translation works. One group of translation students in Ningxia University, China served as the target group of the study. The errors identified in their renditions were classified, with text-level errors the most prominent, followed by translation errors and substance errors. Possible causes of the errors were analyzed, and suggestions were proposed for future teaching.
EU Financial Market Governance and the Covid-19 Crisis: ESMA’s Nimble, Responsive, and Speedy Response in Coordinating National Authorities through Soft-Law Instruments
Authors: Moloney Niamh , Conac Pierre-Henri
Published: September 2020

The initial evidence indicates that EU financial market governance has performed well in its response to the Covid-19 crisis. In the European Union (EU), the need for coordination and cooperation over this crisis has been a particular concern given that national competent authorities (NCAs) operate under the single rulebook and supervisory action must, accordingly, be consistent. The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has, however, shown itself to be nimble, responsive, and speedy in deploying its supervisory powers, including those additional powers it has recently been granted under the 2019 ESA Reform Regulation. This has particularly been the case as regards the application by NCAs of ‘supervisory forbearance’ and as regards the application of market disclosures rules, notably the financial reporting standard IFRS 9. ESMA has also been successful in coordinating the few NCAs which decided to impose restrictions on short selling. ESMA’s actions during the Covid-19 crisis underline the de facto power it wields through its soft supervisory convergence powers and the entrepreneurial but effective approach it deploys in their use.

See generally, Niamh Moloney, the Age of ESMA. Governing EU Financial Markets (Hart Publishing, 2018), chapter 4.
The Institutionalization of State Resistance to Federal Directives in the 21st Century
Authors: Dinan John
Published: September 2020

State officials have challenged a number of federal policies during the Trump administration. In this article, I chronicle and categorize the tools that states have employed in resisting federal policies and show that states have relied primarily on three tactics: filing lawsuits, declining participation in federal programs, and passing policies inconsistent with federal policies. I also explain why state resistance has become such a prominent feature of U.S. politics. State challenges to federal policies are rooted in part in competing partisan perspectives, whereby members of the minority party at the federal level launch challenges from state offices that they control. State challenges are also grounded in contrasting intergovernmental perspectives, in that state officials who lack meaningful input in the passage of federal policies seek to challenge and shape these polices after they are enacted. In general, state resistance to federal policies during the Trump administration reflects continuity with state activity during other recent administrations and in a way that signals the institutionalization of state resistance to federal directives.
Analysis of electrical and luminotechnical parameters in led lamps considering Brazilian standards
Authors: Torres de Carvalho Ana Caroline , Fortes Marcio Zamboti , Colombini Angelo Cesar
Published: September 2020

The consumption of electric energy in Brazil in 2018 was 472 GWh, and 28.85% of consumption refers to the residential sector. The Brazilian market for Light Emitting Diode (LED) products grows more than 30% a year, while LED imports have grown from 131 million units in 2015 to 145 million in 2017 (+10.6%). Therefore, the need to improve the technical and conformity assessment requirements for LED bulbs sold in Brazil is evident. This work analyses Electrical and Luminotechnical Parameters in LED lamps considering Brazilian standards analysing some parameters of LED lamps, which employ different topologies in their drivers, when submitted to voltage magnitude variation. Samples are tested on 18 single-base LED lamps with an integrated control device, GLS LED bulbs, available at the Brazilian market. The methodology consists in applying nominals voltages as INMETRO standards determinates. Throughout the tests, measurements are done and compared with the levels established by Brazilian standards. The results show that there are lamps in this study that obtained the certification by regulated Brazilian organization but does not attend to the level determinate by the Brazilian standard, exposing an opportunity for improvement to existing standards and certification process.
Correction of residence time distribution measurements for short holding times in pasteurization processes
Authors: Fortes Nilo H. M. , Gut Jorge A. W.
Published: September 2020

When in-line cells are used for obtaining residence time distribution (RTD) data from systems with short residence time, the signal distortion caused by the cell can compromise the results. A procedure to correct such distortion using convolution of signals in the time domain is proposed. First, the RTD of the cell is characterized, and then the E-curve of an RTD model is convoluted with the cell curve. The convoluted E-curve is fitted to the experimental data by adjusting the mean time and the model parameter. The procedure is demonstrated using a pilot scale pasteurization unit with two heaters, one cooler and six options of holding tube. Pulse experiments were performed, E-curves were obtained for each process step and five RTD models were tested. The convolution procedure was successful in removing the distortion caused by the detection cell, which was very significant for the holding tubes.
Special issue “Selected Papers from 8th International Forum on Industrial Bioprocessing (IBA-IFIBiop) 2019”
Authors: Saptoro Agus , Jawad Zeinab Abbas , Chin Bridgid Lai Fui
Published: September 2020

This special issue presents a set of four selected papers from 8th International Forum on Industrial Bioprocessing (IBA-IFIBiop) 2019. The forum itself was held in Miri Sarawak, Malaysia from 1st to 5th May 2019. This symposium was co-organised by Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) Malaysia, Curtin University Malaysia and International Association of Bioprocessing-An International Forum on Industrial Bioprocessing (IBA-IFIBiop). Since the theme of 8th IBA-IFIBiop 2019 is “Bridging Sustainability and Industrial Revolution through Green Bioprocessing”, its papers are related to the latest advances and global development in the areas of bioenergy/biofuels, food technology and engineering, industrial biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, and upstream & downstream bioprocesses. This special issue collects four best papers presented at 8th IBA-IFIBiop 2019 focusing on food technology and engineering. Each paper in this special issue had undergone peer reviews to ensure its quality. We believe that this issue will serve as an essential literature leading to scientific and engineering progress in food engineering. We express our gratitude to the authors, reviewers and editors of this journal who make the publications of these papers possible.
Impact of an extracurricular, student-led journal club on evidence-based practice among baccalaureate nursing students
Authors: Kim Son Chae , Sabel Sydney , McHargue Sarah , Bloom Rosaleen D.
Published: September 2020

Objective

Journal clubs are accepted as an effective strategy for promoting evidence-based practice (EBP). However, journal clubs are underutilized in nursing education, and little is known about the impact of extracurricular, student-led journal clubs on EBP implementation among baccalaureate nursing students. The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of journal club attendance on EBP implementation.

Methods

A web-based survey was conducted in April 2019 following eight sessions of monthly journal club among senior nursing students (n=78).

Results

Fifteen students attended four or more extracurricular, student-led journal club sessions (19.2%). EBP practice score was significantly higher among frequent journal club attendees. In multivariate analysis, journal club attendance was the significant predictor of EBP practice (β=0.34; p=0.006).

Conclusion

Graduating senior nursing students who attend extracurricular, student-led journal club sessions are more likely to carry out EBP practice. Participation in journal clubs may help increase their EBP competencies.
Afrikaans in Patagonia: Language shift and cultural integration in a rural immigrant community
Authors: Szpiech Ryan , Shapero Joshua , Coetzee Andries W. , García-Amaya Lorenzo , Alberto Paulina , Langland Victoria , Johandes Ellie , Henriksen Nicholas
Published: September 2020

Chubut Province, in Patagonia, Argentina, is home to a group of Afrikaans-speaking Boers, descendants of those who–starting in 1902–came to Argentina from the region of present-day South Africa. Although little Afrikaans is spoken among fourth- and fifth-generation community members, many in the third generation (60 years and older) still maintain the language. According to Joshua Fishman’s model of generational language shift, the Boers’ Afrikaans should have been largely diluted by the third generation; older community members today should have little functional knowledge of the language, and their children and grandchildren none. The goal of this paper is to explore the persistence of bilingualism in the Argentine Boer community and explain why the changes normally associated with the third generation of immigrants are only now being seen in the fourth and fifth generations. On the basis of bilingual interviews with living community members, we argue that the community’s attitude toward Afrikaans as a language of group identity, as well as the relative isolation of the community in rural Patagonia in the first half of the 20th century, were both decisive factors in delaying the process of linguistic assimilation. Only in the middle of the 20th century, when the community came into greater contact with Argentine society as a result of modernization and schooling in the region, did the process of linguistic integration begin in a measurable way.
More Monitoring, Less Coordination: Twitter and Facebook Use between Emergency Management Agencies
Authors: Wukich Clayton
Published: September 2020

Social media applications facilitate information sharing between agencies, yet scholarship primarily focuses on government-to-citizen communication. This article explores how agencies use social networking applications and microblogs such as Twitter and Facebook to share information and interact with each other. Public information officers (PIOs) from 35 state emergency management agencies were interviewed, and transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Findings demonstrate that PIOs employ Twitter and Facebook to monitor content for situational awareness, post training opportunities, network with other agencies, and share and reuse content in different ways. Fewer agencies directly coordinate preparedness information campaigns during nonthreat periods and risk communication during emergency response operations. General impediments to those practices include lack of personnel, insufficient technical knowledge, and preferences for other channels. In all, Twitter and Facebook complement—but do not take the place of—other information and communications technology (ICTs) that facilitate operational coordination.
High dose vs. low dose oxytocin for labor augmentation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Aboshama Rehab Abdelhamid , Abdelhakim Ahmed Mohamed , Shareef Mohammad Abrar , AlAmodi Abdulhadi A. , Sunoqrot Mohammad , Alborno Nourhan M. , Gadelkarim Mohamed , Abbas Ahmed M. , Bakry Mohamed Sobhy
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To compare the safety and efficacy between high dose and low dose oxytocin administration for labor augmentation.

Methods

We searched for the available studies during March 2020 in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ISI Web of science. All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed safety and efficacy of high dose vs. low dose oxytocin for labor augmentation were considered. The extracted data were entered into RevMan software. Dichotomous and continuous data were pooled as odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) respectively, with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Our main outcomes were cesarean delivery rate, spontaneous vaginal delivery rate, uterine hyperstimulation and tachysystole, and labor duration from oxytocin infusion.

Results

Eight RCTs with 3,154 patients were included. High dose oxytocin did not reduce cesarean delivery rate compared to low dose oxytocin (OR=0.76, 95% CI [0.52, 1.10], p=0.15). After solving the reported heterogeneity, high dose oxytocin did not increase the rate of spontaneous vaginal deliveries vs. low dose oxytocin (OR=1.06, 95% CI [0.84, 1.32], p=0.64). Low dose oxytocin was linked to a significant decline in uterine hyperstimulation and tachysystole (p>0.001). A reduction in labor duration was found in high dose oxytocin group over low oxytocin regimen (MD=−1.02 h, 95% CI [−1.77, −0.27], p=0.008).

Conclusions

We found no advantages for high dose oxytocin over low dose oxytocin in labor augmentation except in reducing labor duration. Low dose oxytocin is safer as it decreases the incidence of uterine hyperstimulation and tachysystole. More trials are needed to confirm our findings.
Smart kills and worthless deaths: eSports analytics for League of Legends
Authors: Maymin Philip Z.
Published: September 2020

Vast data on eSports should be easily accessible but often is not. League of Legends (LoL) only has rudimentary statistics such as levels, items, gold, and deaths. We present a new way to capture more useful data. We track every champion’s location multiple times every second. We track every ability cast and attack made, all damages caused and avoided, vision, health, mana, and cooldowns. We track continuously, invisibly, remotely, and live. Using a combination of computer vision, dynamic client hooks, machine learning, visualization, logistic regression, large-scale cloud computing, and fast and frugal trees, we generate this new high-frequency data on millions of ranked LoL games, calibrate an in-game win probability model, develop enhanced definitions for standard metrics, introduce dozens more advanced metrics, automate player improvement analysis, and apply a new player-evaluation framework on the basic and advanced stats. How much does an individual contribute to a team’s performance? We find that individual actions conditioned on changes to estimated win probability correlate almost perfectly to team performance: regular kills and deaths do not nearly explain as much as smart kills and worthless deaths. Our approach offers applications for other eSports and traditional sports. All the code is open-sourced.
Anti-Money Laundering Regulation and Practice of Islamic Banks in the United Arab Emirates: A Case Study
Authors: Kumar Ajay
Published: September 2020

Banks are key institutions in the economic development of a country, but they are prone to money laundering (ML) as well. Such incidents could lead to sanctions and loss of reputation. To mitigate such risks, banks are required to follow Anti-Money Laundering (AML) regulations. Presently, there are no separate or specific AML regulatory requirements for Islamic banks (IBs). Apart from regulations, understanding practices also help explicate compliance to laws (spirit), by those who apply it. Since the AML practices of IBs have not been systematically analysed, we look at their practices (the United Arab Emirates) to understand whether they have adopted specific AML processes. Owing to the lack of literature on such practices, a survey was carried out using a standard questionnaire. The questionnaire was supplied to the AML/compliance departments, and the results are based on a sample size of three banks. The survey results show that the IBs adopt Know Your Customer (KYC) and Customer Due Diligence (CDD) to check laundering. Crucially, questions pertaining to the AML risk arising from the potential vested interest/s (theoretical) that the IBs themselves are likely to have in the venture remain unanswered.
DP-internal Inversion and Negative Polarity: Latinaliquisand its Romance Descendants
Authors: Gianollo Chiara
Published: September 2020

I analyze the Romance descendants of Latinaliquis‘some or other’, which are characterized by a complex pattern of variation in the contemporary Romance languages. I account for this variation in terms of diverging diachronic paths, tracing their determinants back to a process taking place between Classical and late Latin. Classical Latin only usedaliquisas an epistemic indefinite, expressing ignorance about the identity of the referent. In late Latin a distributional extension is observed, andaliquisstarts to be consistently found as an NPI in negative contexts. This multiplicity of uses is transmitted to medieval Romance and represents the prerequisite for contemporary variation. In their further history, some languages continue only one of the two uses. Other languages maintain both, but the meaning contrast comes to be related to a word-order difference. I analyze this difference as a syntactic DP-internal inversion operation, motivated by focus and connected to polarity sensitivity. Significantly, the diachronic path of the Romance descendants ofaliquiscontributes to our understanding of general mechanisms of semantic change, since it instantiates a cline of development that can be related to varying (hence, diachronically changing) constraints on quantificational domains.
Biological tribology properties of the modified polyether ether ketone composite materials
Authors: Ning Li , Deqiang Chen , Xiyan Gao , Lirong Lu , Weizeng Chen
Published: September 2020

Modification of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) to adapt to the biological properties of materials is currently the key point in the research of medical materials. The tribological properties and biocompatibility of the PEEK composites modified by carbon fiber (CF), potassium titanate whisker(PTW) and nano-particles were discussed in this paper. The results show the modified PEEK composites by a certain length to diameter ratio of CF show the best using effect in vivo experiments in good blood compatibility, which is suitable for orthopaedic implant materials. A large number of experiments show that the PEEK composites would be modified with a certain ratio of CF (about 30%wt.), whisker (about 15%wt.) and HA (about 5%wt.) particle with better biological tribological properties, more important value in medical research.
The role of melatonin and its analogues in epilepsy
Authors: Khan Sumaira , Khurana Mallika , Vyas Preeti , Vohora Divya
Published: September 2020

Extensive research has gone into proposing a promising link between melatonin administration and attenuation of epileptic activity, the majority of which suggest its propensity as an antiseizure with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In the past few years, a number of studies highlighting the association of the melatonergic ligands with epilepsy have also emerged. In this context, our review is based on discussing the recent studies and various mechanisms of action that the said category of drugs exhibit in the context of being therapeutically viable antiseizure drugs. Our search revealed several articles on the four major drugs i.e. melatonin, agomelatine, ramelteon and piromelatine along with other melatonergic agonists like tasimelteon and TIK-301. Our review is suggestive of antiseizure effects of both melatonin and its analogues; however, extensive research work is still required to study their implications in the treatment of persons with epilepsy. Further evaluation of melatonergic signaling pathways and mechanisms may prove to be helpful in the near future and might prove to be a significant advance in the field of epileptology.
Essais de définition du sémiotique, de la sémiotique et de l’interdisciplinarité
Authors: Hébert Louis
Published: September 2020

This article seeks to define what is semiotic and what isSemiotics. Provided first is a brief presentation of various perspectives of Semiotics. Pursuant to this, we will seek to uncover Semiotics’ particulars by evaluating various approaches. We will commence by framing the definitions of the word “Semiotic” to consider then Semiotics via eight particular anthropic – human-related – levels. This partition, derived by the author from a Rastier typology, defines the following levels: noumenophysical, phenophysical, semiotic, representational (“mental images” and concepts), sens (physical), felt (affects), cognitive other and transcendental. From here, we will consider theplaceof Semioticsamongdisciplines. Finally, the text presents a typology of relationship between disciplines, including semiotics: anadisciplinarity, disciplinarity, valodisciplinarity, intradisciplinary (such as intertheoricity), multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary, metadisciplinarity).
Wellenlängenoptimierung bei Heterodyn-Phasenschiebeverfahren
Authors: Petz Marcus , Dierke Hanno , Tutsch Rainer
Published: September 2020

Optische Messverfahren nach dem Prinzip der strukturierten Beleuchtung bedienen sich oftmals der Kombination eines Phasenschiebeverfahrens mit einem geeigneten Entfaltungsverfahren, um eine im Messbereich eindeutige Ortskodierung vorzunehmen. Ein leistungsfähiges Verfahren aus dieser Klasse stellt das Heterodyn-Phasenschiebeverfahren dar, welches auf der sequenziellen Registrierung mehrerer Phasenschiebesequenzen mit geringfügig unterschiedlicher Periodenlänge und Auswertung der synthetischen Schwebungssignale zwischen diesen basiert. Die geeignete Auswahl der hierfür zu kombinierenden Periodenlängen hat entscheidenden Einfluss sowohl auf die Robustheit des Entfaltungsverfahrens als auch auf die statistische Unsicherheit der resultierenden Ortskodierung. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform des Heterodynverfahrens vorgestellt und einer detaillierten Analyse im Hinblick auf seine statistischen Eigenschaften unterzogen. Im Ergebnis werden Kriterien zur Bestimmung geeigneter Periodenlängen formuliert, die eine Maximierung der Robustheit des Entfaltungsvorgangs und eine Minimierung der Unsicherheit der Ortskodierung ermöglichen.
Territorial Justice in Israel/Palestine
Authors: Moore Margaret
Published: September 2020

This Article examines the two dominant theories of territorial justice — one associated with justice, the other with self–determination. It applies these theories to the case of Israel/Palestine, and to ongoing claims by political actors with respect to territorial rights there. It argues that justice theory seems to straightforwardly suppose the territorial rights of the State of Israel, at least if historical and retrospective considerations are not at the forefront, though once they are brought in, this argument can be deployed in support of a number of different political positions. The self–determination argument, it is argued, is somewhat less indeterminate and seems to most straightforwardly support a “two–state” compromise. However, as with justice theory, its assumptions can be challenged on a number of fronts, and could also be deployed to buttress other arguments. The merits and challenges of both theories are analyzed through this case study.
Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Materials and Parts
Authors: Shamsaei Nima , Seifi Mohsen
Published: September 2020

Description

The 24 peer-reviewed papers in this book were presented at the Fourth ASTM International Symposium on the Structural Integrity of Additive Manufactured Materials and Parts held in 2019.

Held in coordination with partners from government, industry, and academia, this event provided a forum for the exchange of ideas regarding the structural integrity of parts fabricated using additive manufacturing.

A wide variety of topics were covered at the event, including a focus on design principles as well as qualification and certification challenges. The selected technical papers chosen for this volume delve further into
X-Ray Computed Tomography Inspection in Metal Additive Manufacturing: The Role of Witness Specimens
Authors: du Plessis Anton , Waller Jess M. , le Roux Stephan G. , Yadroitsava Ina , Yadroitsev Igor , Els Johan , Prinsloo Jacobus
Published: September 2020

This work highlights the capabilities for high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) inspection of witness specimens, built alongside a complex part, in metal additive manufacturing. Such witness specimens, which can be standardized in their dimensions (fixed diameter of 15 mm, with cylindrical shape built in a vertical orientation), allow X-ray CT inspections with fixed and reproducible workflows. The detection of improper process parameters of the additive manufacturing system is possible, as is demonstrated in this paper. It is also demonstrated how the presence of inclusions/contamination in the powder feedstock can be detected in the witness specimen. A series of Ti6Al4V witness specimens with varying porosity distributions are presented, which were part of a previous study of builds of the same set of parts on different laser powder bed fusion systems. This demonstrates how various process parameter errors are highlighted and proven to be detectable in witness specimens using standardized CT procedures. More importantly, it also allows the potential to detect layered flaws, which can occur horizontally in the build plane. Such layered flaws may originate from reduced laser power, improper powder spreading, or due to complete shutdown and restart of a build. A complex bracket and witness specimen cylinder was built and a layered flaw was artificially induced by shutting down the system and restarting it. The positive detection of the flaw by CT in the witness rod is demonstrated. This witness rod was recently part of a round-robin test, and the layered flaw was successfully identified by all ten participants in the round-robin test. The witness rod and complex part were subsequently sectioned and optical microscopy reported here. This approach is especially useful for inspection of larger parts, which cannot be inspected using X-ray CT at the highest possible resolution due to part size and associated CT scanning time limits.
Design of Coupons and Test Methodology for Orthotropic Characterization of FFF-Processed Ultem 9085
Authors: Hyatt Tommy , Martin Richard , Fields Rich
Published: September 2020

The increasing prevalence of additive manufacturing (AM) methods such as fused filament fabrication (FFF) is motivating the need to reliably predict mechanical behavior of additively manufactured parts. However, predicting mechanical behavior is highly dependent on the availability of accurate property data. Recently published material property data for polyetherimide (PEI, or Ultem) provides a significant step toward quantifying AM process repeatability, but mechanical properties reported are specific to the geometry of the coupons and are therefore less useful for structural analysis of other geometries. In order to quantify material properties in a way that is generically applicable and scalable to any geometry within a finite element model, mechanical testing needs to account for the orthotropy inherent to the additive manufacturing process. Additionally, edge effects and differing extrusion directions that typically exist between the perimeter contour passes and the interior fill passes for each printed layer need to be considered and accounted for. Current industry best practices for coupon fabrication for tensile, compression, and shear were evaluated, tested, and iteratively modified to determine the most effective coupon design and test configurations for capturing the orthotropic properties of FFF-processed Ultem 9085. Using the improved coupon design and test methodologies, three sets of coupons were fabricated and tested for tensile, compression, and shear in X, Y, and Z directions—both for pure contour construction and also for pure raster construction. Mechanical property results demonstrate typical properties that are meaningfully different than currently published data. Typical property results are presented. Using orthotropic design allowables in finite element models will allow analysts to predict mechanical behavior of arbitrary AM geometry.
Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SLM-Produced Inconel 718 and Hastelloy-X Alloys
Authors: Bilgin Guney Mert , Tuzemen Cansinem , Tigli Cemre , Gulcan Yesim Nur
Published: September 2020

Inconel 718 (IN718) and Hastelloy-X (HX) samples were manufactured by utilizing the selective laser melting (SLM) method in two different specimen orientations: parallel and perpendicular to the build direction; moreover, IN718 samples were subjected to precipitation hardening treatment. Microstructural investigation, densification behavior, and hardness values were studied along with an examination of uniaxial tensile properties at room temperature and 649°C. Microstructural investigations showed that grain orientations strictly depended on heat flow direction where the columnar grains were formed perpendicular to the base plate. A subsequent heat treatment led to the disappearance of melt pool boundaries while laser tracks were still visible for IN718. Hardness properties were not affected considerably by build direction for both IN718 and HX materials in as-built and heat-treated conditions. Yield and ultimate tensile strengths (UTS) were improved ~84% and ~43%, respectively, for IN718 samples after subsequent precipitation hardening heat treatment along with a remarkable decrease of ~43% in elongation at room temperature. A consistent increase in yield and UTS for heat-treated samples was observed when the uniaxial tensile tests were carried out at an elevated temperature. The room temperature and elevated temperature tensile properties were also investigated for HX samples in as-built condition within this study. It was found that HX is a very promising alloy, particularly for high-temperature aerospace applications.