bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La temporalidad en los manuales de Historia Antigua: de Astolfi a los manuales del siglo XXI
Authors: Álvarez María Silvia
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo recoge los principales lineamientos de nuestra tesis de la Maestría en Didácticas Específicas, en la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, titulada “La enseñanza de la dimensión temporal en los manuales de historia antigua. Un estudio de su construcción y utilización”. Se buscó comprender cómo se construye y desarrolla la temporalidad, como categoría teórica, en seis manuales seleccionados, destinados a la enseñanza de la historia antigua, editados en tres contextos normativos diferentes.Los objetivos perseguidos fueron, entre otros, identificar y describir conceptos y representaciones temporales en manuales de historia antigua; elaborar hipótesis sobre qué criterios se han seguido en el tratamiento de la temporalidad y la selección/propuesta de recursos/actividades de cada uno; analizar y comparar el tratamiento de la temporalidad en distintos manuales de historia antigua (según editorial y año de edición); y comprender las teorías que sustentan las diferentes propuestas analizadas y qué tipo de relación establecen entre historia investigada/enseñada.
El efecto dominó. Narrativas históricas en torno a la dictadura y la democracia en Chile vistas por tres generaciones
Authors: González Calderón Fabián
Published: June 2020

Este artículo se propone poner en tensión tres tipos de narrativas históricas referidas a la historia reciente de Chile. A partir de las notas autobiográficas de un escritor chileno se analiza la narrativa de la generación que vivió y sufrió el golpe de Estado de 1973 y que regresa del exilio veinte años después. La parte central del artículo analiza evidencia recogida en cuatro liceos públicos de la ciudad de Santiago a partir de entrevistas grupales realizadas a estudiantes de educación secundaria. Las narrativas de los estudiantes de Santiago se concentran en los temas y personajes más relevantes del período 1965 a la actualidad. La tercera parte y final intenta conectar las narrativas anteriores con la contingencia histórica de Chile actual y el despertar de los movimientos sociales. La discusión y conclusiones principales se relacionan con la relevancia de los contextos socioculturales en la construcción de narrativas y en el poder de los relatos sociales para organizar la vida y las formas de actuar de los sujetos en la historia.
La cartografía social como posibilidad de reflexión colectiva en contextos de precarización de la vida
Authors: Escurra María Isabel , Rosso Inés
Published: June 2020

Reflexionar en torno a la construcción de metodologías territorialmente situadas resulta primordial al momento de pensarnos en la práctica extensionista. El Proyecto de Extensión "Nuestro Mapa. Diagnóstico participativo por medio de cartografía social" nos ha obligado a transitar debates que consideramos importantes compartir a la luz de la experiencia y de sabernos parte de un proceso de construcción colectiva de conocimiento que, con sus aciertos y embates, se logró constituir y desarrollar en tramas complejas donde la precarización de la vida y la desciudadanización han adquirido una papel significativo en las últimas décadas. La cartografía social en esta experiencia se ha posicionado como una posibilidad de expresión y transformación en la que la interdisciplina ha cumplido un rol protagónico que es preciso desentrañar. Se presenta como resultado de este proyecto la sistematización envuelta en el desafío que nos propusimos al tornarla también participativa, constituyéndose en la intención de cerrar y de seguir trazando posibles caminos a transitar hacia la reivindicación de derechos en el contexto urbano.
La mayor lección
Authors: Vidal Fernando
Published: June 2020

Cuando vimos marchar a nuestros estudiantes a sus casas, no encontrábamos en nuestra memoria ningún precedente. Cuando ya nos tuvimos que retirar todos a nuestros hogares en esta larga cuarentena, nos dimos cuenta de que estábamos ante una situación excepcional. La mayor parte de lo que estaba ocurriendo era inédito en la historia.
Bridging Academic Disciplines with Interdisciplinary Project-based Learning
Authors: Warr Melissa , West Richard E.
Published: June 2020

This article describes the implementation of an interdisciplinary design studio as a means to teach creative problem-solving through project-based learning.  "Learning and Innovation Skills" has been designated as a core skill that students need to be successful in today's world, and project-based learning is one approach to helping students develop these skills.  After describing the early genesis and development of the interdisciplinary design studio, the article describes results of initial research into the students’ experiences in studio courses.  Students described courses as flexible and reported high levels of motivation stemming from the authenticity of the problems. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of the studio, some students described deepening disciplinary skills while at the same time being exposed to cross-disciplinary skills.  They believed the courses helped develop interdisciplinary collaboration, creativity, and communication skills.
Challenges of Communication Skills Transfer of Medical Students in the Cultural Context of Indonesia
Authors: Claramita Mora , Prabandari Yayi Suryo , Graber Abraham , Scherpbier Albert J. J.
Published: June 2020

Medical schools worldwide are promoting a student-centered and patient-centered care curriculum by using problem-based learning (PBL) strategy, emphasizing group dynamics and discussions. This approach facilitates student engagement, participation, and partnership interaction. However, in the context of the wide power-distance or the existence of socio-hierarchical gaps in Indonesia, two-way dialogue is limited. Few studies describe the one-way paternalistic communication styles between physician-patient, teacher-student, and parents-children, which can lead to less effective learning and healthcare environments. In this study, we investigated if students in an Indonesian medical school, who have been learning and practicing a partnership style of communication in a PBL curriculum for three years, are using the same style of communication with their junior peers outside the classroom. We examined the communication style between senior and new medical students, using surveys, observations, and focus group discussions, during a three-day orientation at the beginning of medical education. The results indicated that senior students used a one-sided communication style with their juniors, whereas new students expressed the need for egalitarian interaction with seniors. A classic dilemma of nature versus nurture was found and discussed. To change the traditional values, robust, constructive, and systematic formative training is key.
Classes de movimentos durante o estagiamento de alinhadores
Authors: Parsekian Martins Renato , Soares da Silva Jr. Roberto
Published: June 2020

O uso de alinhadores é uma realidade, e é imprescindível que o ortodontista saiba como funciona o seu processo de fabricação. Além do setup em si, é importante entender o processo de “staging”, ou estagiamento do tratamento, que é a determinação da sequência de movimentos a serem realizados. Podemos classificar os movimentos dentários de giro ao redor do centro de resistência como sinergistas, “stand-alone” ou antagonistas. Cada classe de movimentos possui dificuldades distintas e requer, muitas vezes, abordagens diferentes para se obter a correção desejada. Movimentos sinergistas são de boa previsibilidade, enquanto movimentos stand-alone necessitam de attachments para que possam ocorrer completamente. Já os movimentos antagonistas não só precisam de attachments como devem ser estagiados, isto é, o giro deve ser realizado separadamente do movimento que o caracteriza como antagonista. Adicionalmente, nos casos de movimentos stand-alone e antagonistas, por vezes é necessário o uso de mecânicas auxiliares. O presente artigo se propõe a descrever cada uma dessas classes de movimentos e explicar, com exemplos, como o plano de tratamento com alinhadores deve ser realizado para priorizar a sua previsibilidade.
Tratamento da má oclusão Classe I de Angle com padrão vertical, biprotrusão dentária e mordida aberta anterior
Authors: Damião Andrucioli Marcela Cristina , Nakane Matsumoto. Mirian Aiko
Published: June 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo foi relatar o caso clínico de um paciente, com 10 anos e 6 meses de idade, com má oclusão Classe I de Angle, biprotrusão dentária, canino superior direito impactado, mordida aberta anterior e padrão vertical de crescimento. O tratamento foi realizado com extração de quatro primeiros pré-molares e retração dos dentes anteriores com controle de ancoragem moderado. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a obtenção de uma oclusão ideal, com melhora do perfil facial e harmonia do sorriso.
Escaneamento intrabucal: erros frequentes
Authors: B. André Cristiane
Published: June 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: Vantagens como a rapidez são fre-quentemente comentadas quando se trata do tema escaneamento intrabucal. Porém, poucas vezes há uma preocupação com o funcionamento do equipamento e, também, com o entendimento das estruturas tridimensionais a serem escaneadas. OBJETIVOS: Esse artigo abordará os erros mais frequentes encontrados no preparo de modelos tridimensionais em modelos físicos e suas consequências diretas na adaptação dos aparelhos ortodônticos. RESULTADOS: A falta de entendimento sobre o processo de captura de imagens 3D ocasiona erros constantes nos aparelhos intrabucais. CONCLUSÃO: É necessário treinar e se atualizar constantemente para entender e controlar os erros mais frequentes do escaneamento intrabucal.
Disfarçando o fio metálico durante o fechamento de espaços em aparelhos estéticos
Authors: Bastos Marden
Published: June 2020

Para o fechamento de espaços, é interessante usar um arco de aço, que é eficiente no controle dentário e fornece um bom controle da sobremordida, além de permitir um bom deslizamento.Depois de conjugar o segundo molar ao primeiro molar, com amarrilho metálico 0,010” trançado, para evitar a rotação mesial dos segundos molares, passa- mos um arco 0,017” x 0,025” de aço com uma curva tipo CU (curve-up). Esticamos elásticos em cadeia estéticos do primeiro molar de um lado ao primeiro molar do lado oposto, passando sobre o arco e estabilizando em cada braquete com amarrilho elástico estético. Essa mecânica per- mite a estética durante o fechamento do espaço em tratamentos com braquetes estéticos, com a vantagem de distribuir a força de retração de forma equilibrada por toda a arcada dentária.
Cinquenta tons de alinhadores: detalhes que farão você se apaixonar (ou não) pelos alinhadores
Authors: Baumeier Gabriel
Published: June 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O tratamento com alinhadores ainda é uma novidade para muitos e, como toda novidade, vem a curva de aprendizado, as dificuldades e possíveis objeções ao se adotar uma nova técnica. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente artigo é que você tenha ferramentas novas para seu diagnóstico e planejamento ortodôntico, independentemente da técnica ou aparelho que você for utilizar; serão apresentadas cinco dicas para você poder aproveitar as virtudes dos alinhadores e antecipar suas não virtudes, diminuindo possíveis frustrações com a técnica.
Tratamento de mordida aberta com intrusão de dentes posteriores com miniplacas: relato de caso
Authors: DARDENGO Camila de Sousa , COSER Raphael Castiglioni
Published: June 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: O presente artigo relata o caso clínico de um paciente com face simétrica, perfil reto e má oclusão de Classe I de Angle, com mordida aberta anterior e posterior. As medidas cefalométricas revelam que o paciente apresentava Classe I esquelética (ANB = 20 ) e eminente padrão Classe III, justificado pela medida de Wits = -5mm. O paciente se queixava da estética do sorriso e da dificuldade de corte e mastigação de alimentos, devido à falta de contato dos dentes anteriores, mas não queria se submeter à cirurgia ortognática para correção da mordida aberta. DESCRIÇÃO: Foi proposta a instalação de miniplacas na região da crista infrazigomática, para intrusão dos dentes posteriores e fechamento da mordida. Com a rotação mandibular, a Classe III tornou-se mais evidente, fazendo-se necessário o uso de elásticos com orientação de Classe III para se obter adequada relação oclusal. RESULTADOS: Os resultados obtidos foram o fechamento da mordida aberta, a manutenção da Classe I de molares, com guias de desoclusão e a manutenção da estética facial. CONCLUSÃO: A ancoragem esquelética tornou possível o tratamento de casos de complexidade moderada de mordida aberta, que antes eram tratados com cirurgia ortognática.
The structure of 𝓐-free measures revisited
Authors: Mitrovic D. , Vujadinović Dj.
Published: June 2020

We refine a recent result on the structure of measures satisfying a linear partial differential equation 𝓐μ = σ, μ, σ are Radon measures, considering the measure μ(x) = g(x)d
x + μus
(x̃)(μs
(x̄) + d
x̄) where x = (x̃,x̄) ∈ ℝ
k
× ℝ
d−k
, μus
is a uniformly singular measure in x̃
0 and the measure μs
is a singular measure. We proved that for μus
-a.e. x̃
0 the range of the Radon-Nykodim derivative

f
~

(

x

~

0

)
=

d

μ

u
s

d

|

μ

u
s

|

(

x

~

0

)

$\begin{array}{}
\tilde{f}(\tilde{{\bf x}}_0) = \frac{d \mu_{us}}{d | \mu_{us}|}(\tilde{{\bf x}}_0)
\end{array}$

is in the set ∩

ξ̃
∈P̃
𝓚er
A

P̃
(
ξ
) and, if μs
is different to zero, for μs
-a.e. x̄
0 the range of the Radon-Nykodim derivative

f
¯

(

x

¯

0

)
=

d

μ

s

d

|

μ

s

|

(

x

¯

0

)

$\begin{array}{}
\bar{f}(\bar{{\bf x}}_0) = \frac{d \mu_{s}}{d | \mu_{s}|}(\bar{{\bf x}}_0)
\end{array}$

is in the set ∪

ξ̄
∈P̄
𝓚er
A

P̄
(
ξ
) where P̃ × P̄ = P is a manifold determined by the main symbol A

P
= A

P̃
⋅ A

P̄
of the operator 𝓐.
A Window of Opportunity
Authors: Normandin Kyle , Pender Robyn
Published: June 2020

The demand for the adaptive reuse of prewar and postwar landmark buildings and structures is rising, and it will continue to rise: particularly with a changing climate, where energy conservation has become a significant influence on refurbishment. There is a widely held belief that upgrading, or reimagined occupancy, must be in practical or commercial conflict with preservation; but in fact, projects informed by a good understanding of the behavior of the building envelope and the significance (or otherwise) of its components can achieve remarkable results. This paper highlights the wider role that must be played by building science in developing a more nuanced understanding of energy use in the built environment: one that looks at the fundamental role of occupants and their control over their environments, as well as the fabric. This approach to minimizing energy use until very recently drove innovation in the built environment, and it retains its power. By looking at the example of architectural glazing through history, it is possible to see that energy conservation and conservation are twin goals. Together, they can deliver enormous benefits in terms of both sustainability and improved conditions for building use. As examples of this approach, the paper discusses two recent Californian examples involving the conservation of twentieth-century glazing: the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla and the former Gibraltar Savings and Loan building in Beverly Hills. These case studies demonstrate how intervention and conservation can be balanced to maximize retention of original buildings’ fabric and maintain their cultural and aesthetic significance, while ensuring long and productive futures for these buildings.
Assessment of Water Damage in a Mass Masonry Wall Building
Authors: Wright E. Webb
Published: June 2020

Following a modernization and expansion project of a historic school building constructed in 1927, facility personnel observed that moisture damage to interior finishes at the west wall of an auditorium had become more prominent. Damage was most evident in the cement plaster interior finish that had been applied to the interior surface of the exterior brick masonry mass wall. A comprehensive assessment of the mass wall assembly was performed to evaluate potential sources of moisture infiltration. This included a visual assessment of the exterior surface of the wall, which identified various distress conditions such as mortar joint cracks and cracked brick units as probable contributors to the interior moisture damage. In order to thoroughly evaluate other possible factors, an investigation was performed to assess the probability of vapor-driven moisture accumulation in the mass wall contributing to the moisture-related damage. The investigation included long-term monitoring of the interior environment with data loggers and hygrothermal modeling using the measured data to analyze the one-dimensional heat and moisture transfer behavior of the wall assembly. The hygrothermal analysis indicated it was unlikely that vapor-driven moisture accumulation would occur within the wall assembly to an extent necessary to contribute to the observed distress. Water penetration tests of the existing wall assembly and a mock-up of the repointed wall assembly in accordance with ASTM C1601, Standard Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall Surfaces, confirmed that repointing of mortar joints would significantly improve the water penetration resistance of the wall. Repair documents were prepared to address the conditions found to be contributing to the interior damage.
The effect of anionic impurities on the sorption extraction of molybdenum from leaching solutions
Authors: Panova Yelena , Abzhan Yenlik , Zhussupova Aisulu
Published: June 2020

Molybdenum is one of the most important uranium-related metals. In the ores of many deposits, the molybdenum content is comparable to the uranium content. The processing of complex uranium-molybdenum ores is based on the methods of acid and soda autoclave leaching, in which uranium and molybdenum pass into solution. At the present time, the associated extraction of molybdenum by the sorption method has been developed and introduced. In this case, the capacity of ion exchangers with respect to uranium and molybdenum substantially depends on the salt composition of the medium. The aim of this work is to study the sorption of molybdenum from a carbonate leach solution on BD-301G-I anion exchange resin in the presence of the most common anionic impurities in industrial solutions. Studies of the sorption capacity of anion exchange resin with respect to molybdenum were carried out under static conditions with stirring of the solution with the sorbent during eight hours. Sorption of molybdenum was carried out from carbonate solutions with the corresponding given concentrations of impurity components. According to the results of studies, it was found that, according to the strength of the depressing effect, the considered anions arranged in the following row: S2O32- > NO3- > Cl- > SO42- > HCO3- > CO32- > PO43-. The results of this study can be used to further study the sorption of molybdenum from real industrial solutions of carbonate leaching.
The Concept of Law in the Works of Nikolay Gogol
Authors: Vinogradov Igor' A.
Published: June 2020

The article for the first time raises a question about one of the profiles of Gogol’s activity as a “satirist”, a denouncer of morals. In his writings the author inevitably follows the laws of the Russian Empire, more than a hundred of volumes of which were published during his lifetime. It is emphasized that Gogol's desire to devote himself to justice, dated back to his school days, he carried through all his whole life. He considered his writings, as well as the legacy of Homer, Derzhavin, Fonvizin and Griboedov, as educational, “legislative” for contemporaries. The writer created every his writing, by his own admission, as a support for the “truthful laws” of the State and Church, the unity of which was determined by the peculiarities of the legislation of the Orthodox State. The work consistently traces reminiscences of The Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire contained in the first Gogol’s series Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka, the collection Mirgorod, St. Petersburg novels, The Government Inspector, Dead Souls, the comedy The Gamblers, etc. The government decrees were also mentioned in Gogol’s works, for example, Anti-Superstition laws, alcohol laws, wine tax and beverage production laws, tax arrears laws, “souls inspection” decrees and “documents audit”, prohibitive decrees on bribes, moneylending, harlotry, gambling and so forth. The connection of the “legislative” problems with the laws of Gogol’s poetics, their unity in the works of all genres and all periods of Gogol’s creative activity is emphasized.
Chekhov’s Short Story Vanka: Plot, Genre, Interpretation
Authors: Zakharova Olga V.
Published: June 2020

In modern literary studies the discussion continues about the revision of the traditional concept of Chekhov’s story Vanka by I. A. Esaulov. The researcher rejects the naive and empirical interpretation that is inherent in most interpretations, and reveals the genre features of a Christmas story. A common place in the works of his followers was the analysis of the poetics of genre, the attributes of a holiday chronotope, the invisible presence of Christ, the role of the story’s hero in the artistic world of the work. In school interpretations of the story, the Christmas miracle is denied on the grounds that it occurs in a child’s dream, but the artistic dream is as real as any other “real” event in the work. In the poetics of the Christmas story, the impossible is possible, the miracle is genuine: grandfather Konstantin Makarych reads a letter from his grandson. Vanka carefully prepared himself for the implementation of his plan. He had found out how to send the letter, prepared the paper, wrote it, and found the nearest mailbox. It worked out well. By sending a letter “to my grandfather’s village”, Vanka did an act that determined his future fate. He was never the same. The miracle, whether it happened in a dream or in reality, transformed the hero.
Analysis of the Effect of School Organizational Culture and Professional Learning Communities on Teacher Efficacy
Authors: Lee Suk Yeol
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The aim of the study is to find ways to expand teacher efficacy by examining how the teacher’s efficacy varies according to the school organisation culture and the level of the professional learning community.
Materials and Methods. Survey methods were used to collect the data from 400 in-service teachers at elementary, middle, and high schools in South Korea, with five schools selected from each region, respectively. This study utilizes the data from 359 teachers. This study used a random sampling method, taking the location of the school into consideration. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the overall trends in school organisation culture. T-test was used to examine differences among research variables depending on the personal background of gender and teacher level, and the F-test and Scheffe tests were used for school level and teaching experience.
Results. First, school’s organization culture is transforming and evolving into a more ideal and model culture. As schools increasingly transform into innovative schools, innovative cultures and group cultures gradually form. Second, a school is a type of organization system that elicits responses elicits a variety of responses from the teachers depending on their personal background and characteristics. Third, professional learning communities have a positive effect on teacher efficacy. Therefore, school organisation culture can be seen as a better predictor of teacher ef ficacy than a professional learning community.
Discussion and Conclusion. The article is of interest to the managers of the school educat ion system.
The Quality of Higher Medical Education: Students’ Perceptions and Assessments
Authors: Mukharyamova Laisan M. , Zhidyaevskij Aleksandr G. , Tokranova Kamilla P.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The medical education system requires modernization and adaptation to the needs of modern society. The dissatisfaction of the population with the low professional competence of doctors at the rising cost of medical services requires new principles for tuning the educational system of medical workers. The topical question is whether the medical education system should be changed with the account of not only teachers’ vision but students’ requests as well. The purpose of the article is to reveal the perceptions of students of medical universities in Russia about quality medical education, to identify the attitudes to the existing forms and methods of learning, expectations from the a dministration and teaching staff.
Materials and Methods. The research design is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. A survey of 3 249 students representing 45 universities subordinate to the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia was conducted. To increase the reliability of the results and the interpretation of quantitative data at the second stage, the interviews with students, clinical residents and graduate students of medical institutions of higher learning were conducted.
Results. The article defines the dependence of assessing the quality of education on attitudes toward academic mobility: the higher students evaluate the experience of participating in academic mobility, the higher they assess the quality of Russian medical education. Russian medical education, possessing institutional autonomy, which allows for modernization of the content and methods of implementing educational programs, comes across restrictions caused by oversupply of students to the universities in the situation of undersupply of facilities, and the underdevelopment of norms regulating the participation of medical students in medical activities.
Discussion and Conclusion. The results can be used by university leadership in determining the directions of development of educational activities with a focus on student-centered learning in order to increase students’ motivation and commitment to quality education.
Safety Criteria Differences of Learners with Mental Disorders in Early and Late Adolescence as Compared to Normotypic Peers
Authors: Fatikhova Lidia F. , Sayfutdiyarova Elena F.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Current psychological and pedagogical research considers the problem of safe behavior formation among students of different ages. It makes an attempt to establish the conditions for psychological safety type’s formation. The aim of the article is to identify readiness for safe behavior, understanding and interpretation of dangerous situations in various life spheres among early and la te adolescents with mental disorders.
Materials and Methods. The authors selected a questionnaire test by V. G. Maralov, which allows establishing types of the attitude of an individual in a dangerous situation (adequate, anxious, ignoring, uncertain); the “Scale of Subjective Well-being” screening method by G. Perue-Badu adapted by M. V. Sokolova for measuring the emotional component of subjective well-being, and the authors’ method for studying the perceptions among early and late adolescents with mental disorders and their normotypic peers of various types of danger (physical, social and informational). To confirm the hypothesis of the research a two-way variance analysis was done (Age and Mental Disorders factors).
Results. The authors identified that neurotypical early and late adolescents are able to recognize dangerous situations and feelings of such situations’ participants, predict the consequences of these dangers and suggest relevant ways to avoid them. Age impacts the development of the ability to recognize all types of dangerous situations among students with mental disorders (in late adolescence it is higher than in early one). Age influences such an indicator of subjective well-being as health self-assessment: it is higher in late adolescence than in early one. Students with mental disorders have a lower degree of ability to recognize physical and social environment danger, to predict and avoid various dangers than their neurotypical peers. Mental disorders also bear on such indicator as “Signs that com e with psychoemotional symptoms”.
Discussion and Conclusion. The article shall be of interest to researchers studying the problem of the safe behavior of young people in various situations. The results of the study can be used in further studies of the ability to recognize, predict and avoid dangerous situations by adolescents and young people with normotypic development and mental disorders.
Rapid Estimation of the Entropy of Long Codes with Dependent Bits on Low-Power, Low-Bit Microcontrollers (Review of Literature on Reducing the Dimension of a Problem)
Authors: Ivanov Aleksandr I. , Bannykh Andrey G.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The aim of the work is to reduce the requirements for bit depth and processor performance of a trusted computing environment when estimating the entropy of long codes with dependent bits.
Materials and Methods. Testing procedures recommended by the Russia national standards are used. The transition from the analysis of ordinary long codes to Hamming distances between random Alien codes and the Own image code is used.
Results. It is shown that the transition to the presentation of data by the normal distribution law in the space of Hamming distances makes the relationship between mathematical expectation and entropy almost linear. Low-bit tables are constructed that relate the first statistical moments of the distribution of Hamming distances to the entropy of long codes. In calculations, the correlation index of the digits of the studied codes can vary widely.
Discussion and Conclusion. The calculation of the mathematical expectation and standard deviation is easily feasible on low-discharge low-power microcontrollers. The use of the synthesized tables makes it possible to pass easily from the lower statistical moments of the Hamming distances to the entropy of long codes. The task of calculating entropy is accelerated many times in comparison with Shannon’s procedures and becomes feasible on cheap low-bit processors.
Effects of Propolis in Periodontitis
Authors: Martínez-Pizarro Sandra
Published: June 2020

.
Una aproximación a la censura inquisitorial de la hagiografía en lengua vulgar: del Índice de Valdés (1559) al Índice de Zapata (1632)
Authors: Albisson Mathilde
Published: June 2020

Este artículo proporciona un acercamiento a las principales razones que sustentaron la censura inquisitorial de la hagiografía en lengua vulgar durante la Contrarreforma, desde la segunda mitad del siglo XVI hasta el primer tercio del siglo XVII. Esta investigación se centra en el conjunto de obras hagiográficas que se recogen en los Índices hispánicos de libros prohibidos y expurgados publicados en los siglos XVI y XVII: los catálogos de Valdés (1559), Quiroga (1583-1584), Sandoval (1612) y Zapata (1632). El primer objetivo de este estudio es identificar algunos de los principales aspectos que pudieron suscitar la censura. El segundo consiste en dar cuenta de la progresiva transformación de la pauta censoria inquisitorial hacia esta literatura: desde el recelo hacia las obras devocionales y místicas hasta la relectura de la hagiografía de estirpe medieval a través del filtro tridentino y el control de la nueva literatura hagiográfica, especialmente, de las vidas destinadas a promover la canonización.
La transmisión impresa de "Gracias y desgracias del ojo del culo" de Quevedo: noticia sobre nuevos ejemplares y ediciones
Authors: Alonso-Veloso María-José
Published: June 2020

Este artículo da noticia de tres ejemplares desconocidos de la obra de Quevedo Gracias y desgracias del ojo del culo, preservados en la Biblioteca Valenciana y en la Biblioteca de Navarra. El análisis bibliográfico y textual de los seis ejemplares conservados confirma que los dos con este título breve pertenecen a una misma edición, supuestamente impresa en el siglo XVII, y que uno de ellos fue manipulado con lecturas de un manuscrito hoy desconocido; por el contrario, los cuatro titulados Gracias y desgracias del nobilísimo señor ojo del culo representan cuatro ediciones diferentes. Estos datos evidencian la extraordinaria difusión de esta obra a través de la imprenta. Además, invitan a reconsiderar la historia de la transmisión impresa de la obra, y las fechas de edición propuestas: al no basarse en datos fehacientes por la falta de pie de imprenta e información relevante sobre el papel o la filigrana, actúan como un prejuicio crítico que condiciona el análisis de la historia textual de la obra.
Academias en el teatro de Calderón
Authors: Casariego-Castiñeira Paula
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo pretende hacer una primera aproximación a las academias en las comedias de Calderón de Barca. Tras identificar las tipologías usadas por el dramaturgo, gracias a la tradición precedente de estos fenómenos de entretenimiento y a sus características definitorias, examinaremos el modo en el que se integran como materia literaria través del análisis temático y métrico en dos comedias religiosas, El José de las mujeres y La sibila del Oriente, en una de capa y espada, El hombre pobre todo es trazas, y en una palatina, El secreto a voces.
Conciencia pragmática y afinidad lingüística: análisis de cortesía verbal en correos electrónicos de estudiantes universitarios españoles e italianos
Authors: Robles-Garrote Pilar
Published: June 2020

La afinidad lingüística suele representar un gran apoyo a nivel gramatical; sin embargo, esto no siempre ocurre en el plano pragmático, pues este se rige por convenciones culturales cuyas divergencias pueden poner en peligro la eficacia comunicativa. El objetivo del presente artículo es aportar datos empíricos que pongan de manifiesto la importancia del desarrollo de una conciencia pragmática en el estudio de lenguas afines; para ello, se presenta un estudio que analiza las estrategias de cortesía verbal en un corpus de correos electrónicos de petición en el que estudiantes universitarios españoles e italianos realizan peticiones a sus profesores. Los resultados revelan que, pese a la gran afinidad lingüística y cultural, los correos electrónicos del contexto académico español y el italiano presentan tendencias distintas en la selección de estrategias de cortesía verbal y que las características pragmáticas de la L1 se reflejan en las producciones en L2.
Las cláusulas de relativo con antecedente humano en español: la difusión de la forma "el + que" entre los siglos XIX y XX
Authors: Vellón-Lahoz Fco.-Javier
Published: June 2020

A partir de un corpus de textos cercanos a la inmediatez comunicativa de los siglos XIX y XX, se ofrecen los resultados de un análisis variacionista para delimitar los factores que condicionan la selección de las formas del artículo + que en relativas oblicuas encabezadas por la preposición a con antecedente humano. Los datos del estudio demuestran que, pese a la vitalidad de la que goza todavía la variante tradicional en este contexto (el pronombre quien), diversos factores comienzan a favorecer la difusión de la variante innovadora. Como es habitual en las fases iniciales del cambio lingüístico, la primacía explicativa corresponde a los factores estructurales, entre los que destacan los relacionados con el antecedente (no adyacencia, carácter indefinido o indeterminado, categoría semántica) y con el tipo de relativas (explicativas). Desde el punto de vista sociolectal, los datos obtenidos, sobre todo en el siglo XX, reflejan que se trata de un cambio desde abajo.
Anatomy teaching in medical schools and its influence on speciality choice
Authors: Tough Heather
Published: June 2020

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. As a medical student there is a vast volume of knowledge to learn. Anatomy constitutes an integral part of medical education and all doctors should have a good working knowledge of this subject. However, medical schools vary hugely in both the time spent on and approach taken to anatomy teaching. I was interested in exploring whether the type of anatomy teaching students receive impacts on their subsequent choice of speciality, in particular the decision of whether to pursue surgical training. Looking at data from 24 UK medical schools and 238,062 students graduating between 1995-2016, there was not a statistically significant difference between courses teaching through pro-section, dissection or both in terms of the proportion of doctors who went on to do surgical training (p=0.63332). There were some caveats to this study as it did not take into account other variations in teaching styles or disparities in the time dedicated to anatomy teaching; moreover, other differences in specialities chosen were not examined. However, further exploration of whether/how aspects of anatomy teaching affects the career trajectory of future doctors is warranted, and may help to inform decisions on how anatomy should preferably be taught in medical schools throughout the UK.
“To teach is to learn twice” Added value of peer learning among medical students during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mohammed Sami Hamad Sara , Iqbal Shazia , Mohammed Alothri Alreuof , Abdullah Ali Alghamadi Manal , Khalid Kamal Ali Elhelow Manal
Published: June 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In medical education, peer learning has a significant impact on deeper learning and considered an effective method of collaborative and deeper learning. This article highlights the adjustment of the final year medical students to the peer learning style during the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the additional benefits of peer learning style and recommend key points that can help medical students to combat the current stressful situation. Adaptation to peer learning strategy may help to overcome this stressful situation and motivate each other to focus on studies. This approach can assist medical students to stay in touch with each other, collaborate, communicate, and boost each other morally. The peer learning style provides an opportunity for students to share thoughts and emotional reactions freely and friendly. This way can help to reduce stress and develop resilience. Students get rapid adaptation to technology-enhanced learning smoothly and effectively by helping each other to learn new skills. The feeling of staying connected with peers during the online sessions significantly augmented the ability to combat the crisis and augment social interactions.
Desempeño y formación docente en competencias digitales en clases no presenciales durante la pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Picón Gerardo , Caballero Karina González de , Paredes Noemi
Published: June 2020

La propagación del COVID 19 ha causado un impacto sin precedentes en el desarrollo multidimensional en la población en todas las naciones. Esto trajo como consecuencia que los gobiernos se pronunciaran a favor de adoptar e implantar medidas de emergencia sanitaria y aislamiento social para evitar la propagación del virus. En Paraguay el Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social y el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencias decretaron suspensión de las actividades presenciales educativas en todos los niveles. Esto trajo como alternativa de solución la implantación de la modalidad a distancia implicando la adaptación de enfoques orientados al uso de las Nuevas Tecnologías de la Información Comunicación (NTIC), surgiendo interrogantes desde la perspectiva del docente sobre la preparación y el conocimiento previo en el uso de herramientas digitales y las formas en que se está desarrollando la actividad de enseñanza aprendizaje bajo la modalidad no presencial. El estudio planteó como objetivo evaluar el desempeño competencial de los docentes de las escuelas de la ciudad de Piribebuy en Paraguay durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Fue un estudio no experimental descriptivo transeccional con una muestra de docentes de 7 escuelas de la ciudad de Piribebuy del Paraguay. Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia empleando un cuestionario prediseñado a través de la plataforma Google Forms. La mayoría de los docentes calificó el hecho de asumir repentinamente las clases no presenciales como un compromiso profesional ineludible, adecuando parcialmente el plan regular a las necesidades actuales, encontrando como mayor dificultad el colapso de la plataforma. Los mensajes de texto en primer lugar y las redes sociales en segundo lugar fueron los medios señalados para la comunicación. Consideraron que intentaban frecuentemente replicar la experiencia de la clase presencial. Respecto al acompañamiento de los padres en el desarrollo de las actividades opinaron que era regularmente activo. El papel de los docentes ha sido esencial para en el desarrollo de la experiencia de aprendizaje a distancia en medio de la crisis sanitaria. Es imperante facilitar un trabajo colaborativo de entrenamiento y orientación profesional a los docentes, y proporcionar acceso medios digitales estables a fin de que puedan superar las barreras tecnológicas y de conectividad.
Briefing: Specific gravity of solids relationship with ignition loss for peaty soils
Authors: Li Weichao , O’Kelly Brendan C , Yang Min , Fang Kunbin , Li Xuemei , Li Hui
Published: June 2020

Peaty soils have an extremely high water content and a low specific gravity of solids (Gs) compared with most inorganic soils. Accurate knowledge of the Gsvalue allows void ratio computations for given water contents and densities. However, Gsdeterminations using the standard pycnometer test are time consuming and pernickety, such that the Gsvalue is often predicted by way of ignition loss (N) correlations instead. This paper presents original Gs–N data for 25 peaty soils (N = 23–86%) from the Dian-Chi Lake area, Kunming City, China, along with a data set assembled from various sources in the literature for 77 peaty clays and peats. The main research aim is to investigate correlations between Gs, natural water content (wn) and N for the standard ignition temperature of 440°C, thereby allowing indirect Gsestimations. For the 102 peaty soils examined, the best-fit Gs–N correlation was obtained for specific gravities of the inorganic and organic solids fraction values of 2.77 and 1.35, respectively. A weaker inverse bilinear relationship was found between Gsand wn. To overcome procedural differences between codes and for previous experimental work, it is recommended that an oven temperature of 105°C be consistently used for drying peaty soil specimens.
Machine-learning methods to predict the wetting properties of iron-based composites
Authors: Kordijazi Amir , Roshan Hathibelagal M , Dhingra Arushi , Povolo Marco , Rohatgi Pradeep K , Nosonovsky Michael
Published: June 2020

The authors used three different methods of statistical data analysis to establish correlations between the water contact angle (CA) on ductile iron and composition, roughness (grit size), elapsed time between sample preparation and CA measurement and droplet size. The three methods are linear regression analysis (LRA), artificial neural network (ANN) model and multivariate polynomial regression analysis. It was established that the size of the water droplet is statistically insignificant, while correlations with the other three parameters were found. Surface roughness is the most important predictor of CA. A low coefficient of determination of the linear regression indicates that the correlation is non-linear. The ANN model showed much stronger predictive potential than LRA. The authors discuss the correlation with the experimental values of the CA and the physical mechanisms behind the observed trends. It is particularly promising that the ANN can be trained to predict the wetting characteristics. The application of machine-learning methods to synthesize new materials and coatings with desired surface properties, such as self-cleaning, is a technology that may become part of the emergent ‘triboinformatics’ field, related to the application of machine-learning methods to surface science and engineering.
Planning principles for radical surgical intervention for liver alveococcosis based on computed and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Voskanyan S. E. , Bashkov A. N. , Kаrmazanovsky G. G. , Naydenov E. V. , Ionova E. A.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To develop the planning principles for radical surgical intervention for liver alveococcosis based on the computed and magnetic resonance imaging data.

Materials and methods. The data of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as the results of treatment of 189 patients with liver alveococcosis in 2011–2020 were analyzed.

Results. A sequence of data analysis of CT-scan and magnetic resonance imaging, consisting of several stages, is proposed. CT-scan and magnetic resonance imaging data of all patients were analyzed according to the developed algorithm, which was adapted to the planning stages of surgical treatment. The accuracy of CT-scan and magnetic resonance imaging in determining the localization of the parasitic process by sections and predicting the need for a two-stage resection of the liver, the use of total vascular isolation technique was 100%. The accuracy of CT-scan in the defining of anatomical variants of extrahepatic arteries and the presence of a significant accessory right hepatic vein of the liver was 98.6%, type of division of the portal vein – 97.2%. Radiation semiotics of the relationship of parasitic masses with the main vessels of the liver and the inferior vena cava were determined. The accuracy of CT-scan in the diagnosis of involvement of the hepatic arteries, portal and hepatic veins was 96.9%, 91.2% and 91.4%, respectively. In predicting circular resection of the inferior vena cava we recommend to use the cut-off of contact of parasitic masses around it more than 180 ° (AUC = 0.950). With borderline volumes of liver remnant (30–35%), prolonged hyperbilirubinemia, suspected development of secondary biliary cirrhosis, magnetic resonance imaging with gadoxetic acid makes it possible to assess the functional state of the parenchyma. This may require additional preoperative therapy, planning a two-stage resection or the process may be considered unresectable in the diagnosis of severe fibrosis.

Conclusion. The developed CT-scan/ magnetic resonance imaging data analysis algorithm allows to determine the clinical and surgical group of patients with liver alveococcosis and to plan the type of surgical intervention. Additional option of magnetic resonance imaging with gadoxetic acid in evaluating of functional state of liver remnant allows you to adjust surgical tactics in a number of clinical situations.