bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-destructive quality control methods in additive manufacturing: a survey
Authors: Charalampous Paschalis , Kostavelis Ioannis , Tzovaras Dimitrios
Published: March 2020

Purpose

In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been acknowledged as an efficient method for producing geometrical complex objects with a wide range of applications. However, dimensional inaccuracies and presence of defects hinder the broad adaption of AM procedures. These factors arouse concerns regarding the quality of the products produced with AM and the utilization of quality control (QC) techniques constitutes a must to further support this emerging technology. This paper aims to assist researchers to obtain a clear sight of what are the trends and what has been inspected so far concerning non-destructive testing (NDT) QC methods in AM.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, a survey on research advances on non-destructive QC procedures used in AM technology has been conducted. The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 discusses the existing NDT methods applied for the examination of the feedstock material, i.e. incoming quality control (IQC). Section 3 outlines the inspection methods for in situ QC, while Section 4 presents the methods of NDT applied after the manufacturing process i.e. outgoing QC methods. In Section 5, statistical QC methods used in AM technologies are documented. Future trends and challenges are included in Section 6 and conclusions are drawn in Section 7.

Findings

The primary scope of the study is to present the available and reliable NDT methods applied in every AM technology and all stages of the process. Most of the developed techniques so far are concentrated mainly in the inspection of the manufactured part during and post the AM process, compared to prior to the procedure. Moreover, material extrusion, direct energy deposition and powder bed processes are the focal points of the research in NDT methods applied in AM.

Originality/value

This literature review paper is the first to collect the latest and the most compatible techniques to evaluate the quality of parts produced by the main AM processes prior, during and after the manufacturing procedure.
Channel choice in China
Authors: Reddick Christopher , Zheng Yueping , Perlman Bruce
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the influence of user characteristics on preference for government service delivery channels. Preferences are understood as citizen use of and satisfaction with digital and traditional government contact modalities. User characteristics are represented by three constructs encapsulating the key elements of citizen features and attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach

The constructs are tested on data from a survey of 30 cities in China, resulting in 3,000 respondents, which asked questions on respondents’ use of and satisfaction with traditional modes (hotlines and service center channels) and digital modes (e-government and m-government channels) as well as respondents’ sociodemographics, technological capacity and view of government.

Findings

The results showed two important findings. First, service channel use was related to the first and second constructs (sociodemographics and technological capacity). Second, service channel satisfaction showed strong evidence of relation to the third construct, view of government.

Research limitations/implications

The results of this study make an empirical contribution to understanding the features of citizens that influence channel choice for public service contacts.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the understanding of channel choice in three areas. First, it is an empirical study using survey data and so adds to a largely case-based and conceptual literature. Second, by looking at the impact of citizen attitudes about government and not just their sociodemographic features. Third, by examining channel choice in the context of a fast-developing country like China.
Optical traits perform equally well as directly‐measured functional traits in explaining the impact of an invasive plant on litter decomposition
Authors: Helsen Kenny , Van Cleemput Elisa , Bassi Leonardo , Somers Ben , Honnay Olivier
Published: March 2020

Functional traits can help elucidate and predict the impact of invasive plant species on ecosystem functioning. Yet, this approach requires comprehensive and labour‐intensive trait collection campaigns, covering intraspecific trait variation of both the invader and native species in the invaded community. One potential way to overcome these logistic constraints is using hyperspectral remote sensing technology to efficiently quantify functional trait values. Although such spectrally derived or ‘optical’ traits are known to closely link to directly measured functional traits, little research has explored how well these optical traits perform in assessing invader‐induced ecosystem impact.

Here, we explored the trait‐mediated impact of the invasive Rosa rugosa on litter decomposition and evaluated whether optical traits perform equally well as directly measured traits in predicting litter decomposition variation. We collected data on species‐specific functional traits, leaf hyperspectral reflectance and standardized ‘tea bag index’ litter decomposition across 25 invaded and 25 uninvaded coastal grassland plots. The selected traits were all potentially related to litter decomposition and covered the leaf economics spectrum, additional leaf structural components and competitive ability. Optical traits were quantified through a combination of a physical radiative transfer model inversion and vegetation indices calculations.

Invasion significantly increased the stabilization factor, i.e. the amount of resulting recalcitrant litter. Invader impact on litter decomposition could be entirely explained by changes it induced in the functional traits of the native community, rather than by the invader's traits itself. More specifically, the invader pushed the invaded community towards traits associated with high litter quality. Optical traits performed equally well as directly measured traits in explaining the invasion impact on the stabilization factor (R2 = 41.9% vs. 38.5%). Furthermore, the interpretation of the results based on optical traits resulted in a similar functional understanding of the invader impact.

Synthesis. Our results indicate the potential of hyperspectral data to explain changes in ecosystem functioning. The combination of radiative transfer models and vegetation indices allowed to extract all relevant trait information from the hyperspectral data. This framework thus presents a practical shortcut to assess relevant leaf traits, requiring only a limited amount of field trait measurements.
Regression I. Experimental approaches to regression
Authors: Alexandrov Yuri , Feldman Brian , Svarnik Olga , Znamenskaya Irina , Kolbeneva Marina , Arutyunova Karina , Krylov Andrey , Bulava Alexandra
Published: March 2020

The concept of regression is considered with an emphasis on the differences between the positions of Freud and Jung regarding its significance. The paper discusses the results of experimental analyses of individual experience dynamics (from gene expression changes and impulse neuronal activity in animals to prosocial behaviour in healthy humans at different ages, and humans in chronic pain) in those situations where regression occurs: stress, disease, learning, highly emotional states and alcohol intoxication. Common mechanisms of regression in all these situations are proposed. The mechanisms of regression can be described as reversible dedifferentiation, which is understood as a relative increase of the representation of low‐differentiated (older) systems in the actualized experience. In all of the cases of dedifferentiation mentioned above, the complexity of the systemic organization of behaviour significantly decreases.
Displacement trauma: complex states of personal, collective and intergenerational fragmentation and their intergenerational transmission
Authors: Dowd Amanda
Published: March 2020

Originally presented at the Journal’s one day conference entitled ‘Displacement: Contemporary Traumatic Experience’ held in London in November 2019, this paper expands on the author’s theory of the implicit psychological organizing gestalt, an associated pattern of psychic functions which operate in an integrated way to simultaneously structure and organize our experience of self‐cohesion and self‐continuity. The gestalt, which implicitly links the formation of psychic skin, body image, cultural skin and both personal and cultural identity with place, functions as an emergent non‐conscious permanent presence or background ‘constant’. It develops over time and emerges out of embodied emotional experiencing with the total environment – both human and non‐human. The author argues that it is the rupture of this gestalt and the disorganizing consequences of its loss which underlies the experience of displacement trauma. If disruptions in the formation of the gestalt and/or its later rupture remain unrecognized and unrepresented then the absence creates a void which can be intergenerationally transmitted. Case material is presented which describes this and which highlights the ways in which the gestalt can contribute to our understanding of collective displacement anxiety, cultural trauma and cultural complexes.
Grayson Perry and the recalibration of masculine emotional reactions to vulnerability and healing
Authors: Butler Donald
Published: March 2020

The so‐called ‘crisis in masculinity’ in the post‐industrial/post‐feminist world is not a new idea but in recent years it does seem to have forced its way back onto the agenda due to a lack of traditional employment, such as coal mining, thus robbing generations of men of their cultural identities. This collective ‘crisis’ has emerged through media attention on a succession of well‐known men in the arts and sports worlds such as Bruce Springsteen, Stormzy, Professor Green and Rio Ferdinand, who share in common a strong sense of masculine identification. In addition, all have openly discussed the healing and relief experienced by embracing the vulnerable, emotional aspects of themselves, or what has been historically characterized as the anima archetype in Jungian psychology. This essay will recount some of their stories of struggle as they have bravely spoken up about their mental health issues, perhaps diminishing, by example, the erroneous notion of depression as a ‘woman's problem’.

As noted, in recent times we have witnessed a proliferation of famous men speaking out about their emotional difficulties, often in the context of loss and depression, thus providing potential role‐modelling for a more expanded view of contemporary masculinity. This paper attempts to consider the tendency amongst a particular type of modern man who is both traditionally macho and simultaneously emotionally articulate with the capacity to open up about the experiences of their inner worlds and the environmental pressures they face in a fast‐paced and ever‐changing world. Beginning with some brief stories about the men listed above, the primary focus will be on the work of the UK cross‐dressing artist and Turner Prize winner (2003) Grayson Perry (b. 1960), by studying his unusual and highly creative clarion call to challenge modern men to recalibrate their emotional behaviour and to speak openly about loss and emotional difficulty. As readers will see, he has developed a unique method that includes filmed, televised interactional interviews with various individuals and groups and he then produces art pieces that embody what has transpired through his engagement with their suffering and real‐life dilemmas. This highly creative process offers a double or even triple containment for those struggling with all‐too‐human pain via the holding interview with him directly; the artwork that he creates as a result; and then through the recording on film that is shared with television audiences who are deeply affected by what they witness and who perhaps find a form of healing via identification.
Male and female politicians on Twitter: A machine learning approach
Authors: BELTRAN JAVIER , GALLEGO AINA , HUIDOBRO ALBA , ROMERO ENRIQUE , PADRÓ LLUÍS
Published: March 2020

How does the language of male and female politicians differ when they communicate directly with the public on social media? Do citizens address them differently? We apply Lasso logistic regression models to identify the linguistic features that most differentiate the language used by or addressed to male and female Spanish politicians. Male politicians use more words related to politics, sports, ideology and infrastructure, while female politicians talk about gender and social affairs. The choice of emojis varies greatly across genders. In a novel analysis of tweets written by citizens, we find evidence of gender‐specific insults, and note that mentions of physical appearance and infantilising words are disproportionately found in text addressed to female politicians. The results suggest that politicians conform to gender stereotypes online and reveal ways in which citizens treat politicians differently depending on their gender.
Institutional common ownership and firm value: Evidence from real estate investment trusts
Authors: Ling David C. , Wang Chongyu , Zhou Tingyu
Published: March 2020

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate about whether and how institutional common ownership (ICO) affects firm behavior. Using a sample of equity real estate investment trusts (REITs), which provide significant advantages for isolating a monitoring channel, we find a robust and positive relation between ICO and REIT firm value. The positive relation between ICO and firm value is driven mainly by motivated investors and becomes stronger when we construct our ICO measures using blockholdings. Our difference‐in‐differences analysis, using mergers between institutional investors, suggests a causal relation exists between ICO and firm value. After investigating various channels through which ICO could affect firm behavior, we conclude that asset allocation decisions and performance are the most plausible explanations. Our finding that the monitoring associated with ICO aids managers in their portfolio disposition strategies further supports this conclusion. This enhanced monitoring leads to increased property portfolio returns, as well as more geographic diversification.
Understanding food processing and systems: Pilot testing a standards‐aligned middle school curriculum
Authors: Swart James William , Richards Jennifer , Zhao Weiyi
Published: March 2020

Consumer confidence and trust, as it relates to the food system, is one of the most sensitive areas within consumers’ understanding of food. Surveys have shown that a large majority of people would like to learn more about agriculture and food manufacturing, with young people being among those most eager for more information about where their food comes from. Food‐focused educational resources often go unused due to teachers’ lack of familiarity with the subject area, the pressures of standardized testing, and lack of alignment to state content standards. Building on the success of the Hands On Classrooms platform that developed and validated curricula with high adoption rates by teachers and a demonstrated impact on student knowledge and self‐efficacy, a new curriculum on food system and food processing was developed and pilot tested. Two teachers from rural Virginia and Tennessee participated in the study. Both teachers received online professional development prior to implementation. Students were given pretests and posttests to measure (a) what impact does the curriculum have on students’ knowledge of food systems and processing and (b) to what extent does the curriculum have an impact on student's self‐reported skills related to these topics? A total of 87 students completed the assessments and showed significant improvements from pretest to posttest on both knowledge (p < .001) and skills (p < .001) related specifically to where food comes from and how it is processed, content that is typically not covered in middle school curriculum. Further research can be undertaken to measure the impact on others in different geographic and socioeconomic areas to provide additional data to validate the program.
embarcadero: Species distribution modelling with Bayesian additive regression trees in r
Authors: Carlson Colin J.
Published: March 2020

embarcadero is an r package of convenience tools for species distribution modelling (SDM) with Bayesian additive regression trees (BART), a powerful machine learning approach that has been rarely applied to ecological problems.

Like other classification and regression tree methods, BART estimates the probability of a binary outcome based on a set of decision trees. Unlike other methods, BART iteratively generates sets of trees based on a set of priors about tree structure and nodes, and builds a posterior distribution of estimated classification probabilities. So far, BARTs have yet to be applied to SDM.

embarcadero is a workflow wrapper for BART species distribution models, and includes functionality for easy spartial prediction, an automated variable selection procedure, several types of partial dependence visualization and other tools for ecological application. The embarcadero package is an open source and available on Github.

To show how embarcadero can be used by ecologists, I illustrate a BART workflow for a virtual species distribution model. The supplement includes a more advanced vignette showing how BART can be used for mapping disease transmission risk, using the example of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in Africa.
IL10 deficiency promotes alveolar enlargement and lymphoid dysmorphogenesis in the aged murine lung
Authors: Malinina Alla , Dikeman Dustin , Westbrook Reyhan , Moats Michelle , Gidner Sarah , Poonyagariyagorn Hataya , Walston Jeremy , Neptune Enid R.
Published: March 2020

The connection between aging‐related immune dysfunction and the lung manifestations of aging is poorly understood. A detailed characterization of the aging IL10‐deficient murine lung, a model of accelerated aging and frailty, reconciles features of both immunosenescence and lung aging in a coherent model. Airspace enlargement developed in the middle‐aged (12 months old) and aged (20–22 months old) IL10‐deficient lung punctuated by an expansion of macrophages and alveolar cell apoptosis. Compared to wild‐type (WT) controls, the IL10‐deficient lungs from young (4‐month‐old) mice showed increased oxidative stress which was enhanced in both genotypes by aging. Active caspase 3 staining was increased in the alveolar epithelial cells of aged WT and mutant lungs but was greater in the IL10‐deficient milieu. Lung macrophages were increased in the aged IL10‐deficient lungs with exuberant expression of MMP12. IL10 treatment of naïve and M2‐polarized bone marrow‐derived WT macrophages reduced MMP12 expression. Conditioned media studies demonstrated the secretome of aged mutant macrophages harbors reduced AECII prosurvival factors, specifically keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), promotes cell death, and reduces survival of primary alveolar epithelial cells. Compared to WT controls, aged IL10‐deficient mice have increased parenchymal lymphoid collections comprised of a reduced number of apoptotic cells and B cells. We establish that IL10 is a key modulator of airspace homeostasis and lymphoid morphogenesis in the aging lung enabling macrophage‐mediated alveolar epithelial cell survival and B‐cell survival within tertiary lymphoid structures.
The involvement of stress granules in aging and aging‐associated diseases
Authors: Cao Xiuling , Jin Xuejiao , Liu Beidong
Published: March 2020

Stress granules (SGs) are nonmembrane assemblies formed in cells in response to stress conditions. SGs mainly contain untranslated mRNA and a variety of proteins. RNAs and scaffold proteins with intrinsically disordered regions or RNA‐binding domains are essential for the assembly of SGs, and multivalent macromolecular interactions among these components are thought to be the driving forces for SG assembly. The SG assembly process includes regulation through post‐translational modification and involvement of the cytoskeletal system. During aging, many intracellular bioprocesses become disrupted by factors such as cellular environmental changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decline in the protein quality control system. Such changes could lead to the formation of aberrant SGs, as well as alterations in their maintenance, disassembly, and clearance. These aberrant SGs might in turn promote aging and aging‐associated diseases. In this paper, we first review the latest progress on the molecular mechanisms underlying SG assembly and SG functioning under stress conditions. Then, we provide a detailed discussion of the relevance of SGs to aging and aging‐associated diseases.
The role of HINT1 protein in morphine addiction: An animal model‐based study
Authors: Liu Peng , Chu Zheng , Lei Gang , Deng Li‐sha , Yang Liu , Dang Yong‐hui
Published: March 2020

Drug addiction is a recurrent, chronic brain disease. The existing treatment methods have limitations, such as poor adherence and inability to completely avoid relapse. Histidine triad nucleotide‐binding protein 1 (HINT1) is involved in many neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, pain, and drug dependence. Studies have confirmed that there is a genetic link between HINT1 and addictions such as nicotine and cocaine. However, there is no research on the role of HINT1 protein in morphine addiction at home and abroad. Thus, we designed this project by constructing different types of morphine addiction animal models, including conditioned place preference and behavioral sensitization. We comprehensively examined the participation of HINT1 protein in key brain regions associated with addiction, including prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, corpus striatum, and hippocampus, in different stages of different models. In addition, we used HINT1 knockout mice to establish the above models and physical dependence model to investigate the effect of HINT1 protein deletion on morphine addiction‐related behaviors. We found that HINT1 has varying degrees of involvement in different stages of multiple addictive animal models. The absence of HINT1 can attenuate morphine‐mediated addictive behavior to a certain extent and can alleviate the withdrawal symptoms of morphine.
Policy Inventing and Borrowing among State Legislatures
Authors: Parinandi Srinivas C.
Published: March 2020

Although a long literature has analyzed how policies diffuse or spread across the American states, scant attention has been given to how states invent or create original policy instead of borrowing existing policy from one another. In this article, I use state legislative policymaking with respect to renewable portfolio standards to examine when legislatures invent original policy instead of borrowing existing policy. I use a novel data set that includes the state adoption of hundreds of policy provisions, including their combinations, and I employ logistic pooled event history analysis to identify the determinants of inventing and borrowing. I find that government ideology largely predicts inventing, whereas electoral vulnerability predicts borrowing. The results suggest that ideologues spearhead invention and further suggest that democratic accountability works chiefly through promoting borrowing rather than blunting inventing.
Vitamins combined with traditional Chinese medicine for male infertility: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Ming , Wang Qi , Du Yongqiang , Jiang Hui , Zhang Xiansheng
Published: March 2020

Background

Male infertility is a tough problem in medicine. This article aims to provide the latest evidence for the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combined with vitamins in the treatment of male infertility.

Method

All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used TCM combined with vitamins for male infertility treatment were included in databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP Database, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. The quality of the included articles was evaluated using the Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook 5.3, and meta‐analysis was performed using Stata 15.

Results

A total of 14 eligible studies with 1488 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. The results suggested that, compared with vitamin E or vitamin E + C alone, combination of TCM with vitamins increased significantly sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm viability, liquefaction time of semen, the activity of acrosome enzyme, and the pregnancy rate of patients with male infertility. Three kinds of TCM (Shengjing capsule, Huanshao capsule, and compound Xuanju capsule) showed significant improvement for male infertility in terms of pregnancy rate, sperm concentration, or sperm motility. In addition, the results of the publication bias test demonstrated that no significant bias occurred.

Conclusion

Traditional Chinese medicine combined with vitamins has significant efficacy in the treatment of male infertility with no increase in side effects. The specific implementing regulations still need more long‐term, multicenter, randomized, and double‐blind clinical trials.
The influence of concentrate‐rich diet on daily sleep and lying postures of Japanese black cows
Authors: Fukasawa Michiru , Komatsu Tokushi , Higashiyama Yumi
Published: March 2020

Sleep is one of the essential behaviors in mammalian health and welfare. In this study, we focused on how concentrate‐rich diets (Conc) can influence the sleep of cattle. We hypothesized that Conc would suppress the daily sleep of cows because of behavioral frustration according to shorter eating and rumination. We subjected six Japanese black cows according to crossover experimental design. There were two diet treatments. In the Conc group, 70% of required TDN was supplied by concentrate and 30% by grass silage. On the other hand, in roughage fed group (Rough), all required TDN was supplied by grass silage. Maintenance behaviors, postures of cows, and sleep posture were measured by electronic devices. Cows fed with Conc spent less time in eating and rumination and spent more time in rest than Rough. However, contrary to our hypothesis, cows fed with Conc showed longer daily sleep posture duration (96.2 min/day vs. 69.1 min/day) and more frequent sleep posture bouts (15.4 times/day vs. 11.1 times/day) than Rough. We discussed about following possible explanations why cows fed with Conc slept longer as satisfaction, illness, displacement behavior, and shifting sleep posture.
Design and co‐configuration for hybrid learning: Theorising the practices of learning space design
Authors: Goodyear Peter
Published: March 2020

This paper draws on a series of studies of design teams working on the creation and evaluation of novel complex learning spaces: spaces in which students' activity is situated and supported by rich mixtures of material and digital tools and resources. In most of the cases observed, students also played a substantial role in co‐configuring the learning spaces and/or the learning tasks they were set and the ways they worked with other students. The complexity of the design challenges involved revealed the inadequacy of normative models for design for learning. In other words, the people creating new spaces for hybrid learning are often doing so in ways that go beyond the capacities of existing design models. The paper draws on analyses of real‐world design practice to advance and illustrate an argument for higher level, more abstract, descriptions of how such work is done, and how design lessons learnt might be more easily shared. In so doing, the paper contributes to the literature on educational technology and learning space design by drawing out some relations between the pragmatics of design practice and the role of students' co‐configurative activity in realising instances of hybrid learning. The empirical research informing the paper was mostly undertaken in university settings, but the practical implications are of wider relevance to people who are professionally involved in shaping novel learning spaces in other areas of education and training.
Clinical presentation and diagnosis of adult patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Mezger Nikolaus C. S. , Feuchtner Jana , Griesel Mirko , Hämmerl Lucia , Seraphin Tobias P. , Zietsman Annelle , Péko Jean‐Félix , Tadesse Fisihatsion , Buziba Nathan G. , Wabinga Henry , Nyanchama Mary , Borok Margaret Z. , Kéita Mamadou , N'da Guy , Lorenzoni Cesaltina F. , Akele‐Akpo Marie‐Thérèse , Gottschick Cornelia , Binder Mascha , Mezger Jörg , Jemal Ahmedin , Parkin Donald M. , Wickenhauser Claudia , Kantelhardt Eva J.
Published: March 2020

Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is the sixth most common cancer in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Comprehensive diagnostics of NHL are essential for effective treatment. Our objective was to assess the frequency of NHL subtypes, disease stage and further diagnostic aspects. Eleven population‐based cancer registries in 10 countries participated in our observational study. A random sample of 516 patients was included. Histological confirmation of NHL was available for 76.2% and cytological confirmation for another 17.3%. NHL subclassification was determined in 42.1%. Of these, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and Burkitt lymphoma were the most common subtypes identified (48.8%, 18.4% and 6.0%, respectively). We traced 293 patients, for whom recorded data were amended using clinical records. For these, information on stage, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) was available for 60.8%, 52.6% and 45.1%, respectively. Stage at diagnosis was advanced for 130 of 178 (73.0%) patients, HIV status was positive for 97 of 154 (63.0%) and ECOG PS was ≥2 for 81 of 132 (61.4%). Knowledge about NHL subclassification and baseline clinical characteristics is crucial for guideline‐recommended treatment. Hence, regionally adapted investments in pathological capacity, as well as standardised clinical diagnostics, will significantly improve the therapeutic precision for NHL in SSA.
Centrosomes: The good and the bad for brain development
Authors: Marthiens Véronique , Basto Renata
Published: March 2020

Centrosomes nucleate and organise the microtubule cytoskeleton in animal cells. These membraneless organelles are key structures for tissue organisation, polarity and growth. Centrosome dysfunction, defined as deviation in centrosome numbers and/or structural integrity, has major impact on brain size and functionality, as compared with other tissues of the organism. In this review, we discuss the contribution of centrosomes to brain growth during development. We discuss in particular the impact of centrosome dysfunction in Drosophila and mammalian neural stem cell division and fitness, which ultimately underlie brain growth defects.
Value Profiles During Middle Childhood: Developmental Processes and Social Behavior
Authors: Daniel Ella , Benish‐Weisman Maya , Sneddon Joanne N. , Lee Julie A.
Published: March 2020

Little is known about how children's value priorities develop over time. This study identifies children's value priority profiles and follows their development during middle childhood. Australian children (N = 609; ages 5–12 at Time 1) reported their values over 2 years. Latent Transition Analysis indicated four profiles: Social‐Focus, Self‐Focus, Growth‐Focus and Undifferentiated. Within person development was characterized by profile stability or transfer to the Social‐Focus profile. Younger children were more likely to have an Undifferentiated profile (or Self‐Focus among boys) than older ones. Girls were more likely to have a Social‐Focus profile or transfer to it, and less likely to have a Self‐ or Growth‐Focus profile than boys. Social‐Focus profile membership over time predicted more prosocial and less aggressive behavior.
Predictors of parenting stress in portuguese adolescents' adoptive parents
Authors: Costa Isabel‐Sofia , Barbosa‐Ducharne Maria , Palacios Jesús , Soares Joana
Published: March 2020

Parenting stress is related to the characteristics of both the child and the parents, as well as to parent–child interactions. In adoptive families, parenting stress has been identified as an indicator of the family's adjustment to adoption. The stress experienced by parents of adopted adolescents deserves special consideration, as adolescence is a critical period in the adoptees' developmental pathway. The present study aims to identify the adoptee, parents and family related predictors of the adoptive parents' parenting stress, exploring direct and indirect effects. Fifty Portuguese adolescents' adoptive parents participated in this study. Parenting stress was measured by theStress Index for Parents of Adolescents, and theStrengths and Difficulties Questionnairewas used to evaluate the adoptees' (mal)adjustment, according to the parents' perspective. Variables related to the parents' experience of adoption were assessed resorting to theParent's Interview about the Adoption Process.Results showed that parents' satisfaction and adoptees' adjustment were sequential mediators of the relationship between the parents' experience of family life and parenting stress. These findings provide new insights into adoption research in parenting stress, highlighting the importance of adoption‐related variables such as the parents' adoption experience within the family and family relationships.
A new 1p36.13‐1p36.12 microdeletion syndrome characterized by learning disability, behavioral abnormalities, and ptosis
Authors: Aagaard Nolting Line , Brasch‐Andersen Charlotte , Cox Helen , Kanani Farah , Parker Michael , Fry Andrew E. , Loddo Sara , Novelli Antonio , Dentici Maria Lisa , Joss Shelagh , Jørgensen Joan P. , Fagerberg Christina R.
Published: March 2020

Two 1p36 contiguous gene deletion syndromes are known so far: the terminal 1p36 deletion syndrome and a 1p36 deletion syndrome with a critical region located more proximal at 1p36.23‐1p36.22. We present even more proximally located overlapping deletions from seven individuals, with the smallest region of overlap comprising 1 Mb at 1p36.13‐1p36.12 (chr1:19077793‐20081292 (GRCh37/hg19)) defining a new contiguous gene deletion syndrome. The characteristic features of this new syndrome are learning disability or mild intellectual disability, speech delay, behavioral abnormalities, and ptosis. The genes UBR4 and CAPZB are considered the most likely candidate genes for the features of this new syndrome.
Novel recommendation system based on long‐term composition for adaptive web services
Authors: Kirubanantham P , Vijayakumar G
Published: March 2020

In the era of digital web services, composition of features on the fly is inevitable. The Long‐term Composed Service (LCS) entertains the composition of features to any extent, since it has an open‐ended lifetime. In the proposed research work, we have intended to provide service support to run the business toward a long time commitment. Structure‐based recommended system for LCSs (RS‐LCSs) is proposed, where user queries and recent updation/requirements are considered for exhibiting the response through the system. In the proposed system, business has been regulated according to the time constraints. We have tested our proposed system on the standard benchmark dataset and quantitative metrics show our proposed method has performed well against the compared methods. The forecasting of business has been done through our model to address the recent queries and new requirements issues to provide an adaptive web service for the business development.
Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes associated with Epstein‐Barr virus‐DNAemia and Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated disease in patients after haploidentical allogeneic stem cell transplantation: A single‐center study
Authors: Zhou Ling , Gao Zhi‐Yong , Lu Dao‐Pei
Published: March 2020

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT) is an effective alternative to HLA‐matched transplantation. However, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection causes morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing haplo‐HSCT. Here, we retrospectively evaluated the incidence and risk factors of EBV‐DNAemia and EBV‐associated diseases in 131 patients who underwent haplo‐HSCT. Patients were classified into the no EBV infection groups, EBV‐DNAemia group and EBV‐associated disease group. Cumulative incidences of acute graft‐vs‐host disease, EBV infections, overall survival (OS), and relapse were analyzed. The cumulative incidences of EBV‐DNAemia and EBV‐associated disease were 26.9% and 33.3%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐DNAemia was confirmed as an independent risk factor associated with EBV‐DNAemia and EBV‐associated disease. Patients with EBV‐associated disease had higher transplant‐related mortality (TRM) rates and lower OS rates, but similar relapse rates. Overall, these findings demonstrated the cumulative incidences of EBV‐DNAemia and EBV‐associated disease and identified correlations of EBV infection with TRM, relapse, and OS. Additionally, CMV‐DNAemia was a risk factor for EBV‐DNAemia and EBV‐associated disease.
Thermoforming technique for suppressing reduction in mouthguard thickness: Part 2 Effect of model height and model moving distance
Authors: Takahashi Mutsumi , Bando Yogetsu
Published: March 2020

Background/Aim

Wearing a mouthguard reduces the risk of sports‐related injuries, but the material and thickness of the mouthguard have a substantial impact on its effectiveness and safety. The aim of this study was to establish a thermoforming technique in which the model position is moved just before formation to suppress the reduction in thickness. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of model height and model moving distance on mouthguard thickness.

Materials and Methods

Ethylene‐vinyl acetate sheets of 4.0 mm thick and a vacuum forming machine were used. Three hard plaster models were trimmed so that the height of the anterior teeth was 25 mm, 30 mm and 35 mm. Model position (MP) was 40 mm from the front of the forming unit. The sheet was softened until it sagged 15 mm, after which the sheet frame was lowered to cover the model. The model was then pushed from behind to move it forward, and the vacuum was switched on. The model was moved at distances of 20 mm, 25 mm or 30 mm whereas a control model was not moved. Thickness after formation was measured with a specialized caliper. Differences in mouthguard thickness due to model height and moving distance were analysed by two‐way ANOVA and Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests.

Results

Sheet thickness decreased as the model height increased. Each MP condition was significantly thicker than the control in each model. There was no significant difference among MP conditions except for the buccal surface.

Conclusions

Moving the model forward by 20 mm or more just before formation is useful to secure the labial thickness of the mouthguard. This thermoforming technique increased the thickness by 1.5 times or more compared with the normal forming method, regardless of model height.
Worldwide tendency and perspectives in traumatic dental injuries: A bibliometric analysis over two decades (1999‐2018)
Authors: Liu Fei , Wu Tian‐tian , Lei Gang , Fadlelseed Anas Fadlelseed Ahmed , Xie Na , Wang Dan‐yang , Guo Qing‐yu
Published: March 2020

Background/Aims

Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are considered to be a public dental health problem worldwide. The aim of the current study was to provide the worldwide tendency and perspectives in TDIs in the last two decades via bibliometric analysis.

Methods

‘‘Tooth injuries’’ was searched as the Medical Subject Headings term within PubMed with the date range from 1999 to 2018. Two investigators perused information in the articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles were independently categorized according to the following aspects: (a) annual scholarly output; (b) leading countries or regions; (c) leading journals; (d) productive authors; (e) citations; (f) study design; (f) distribution of topics; and (g) the type of dentition and TDIs. VOSviewer 1.6.7 and Citespace 5.2 were used for analyzing and visualizing bibliometric networks.

Results

A total of 2627 articles about traumatic dental injuries were published and indexed in PubMed during the two decades, and the number of publications on traumatic dental injuries was rising in general. The research outputs were mainly concentrated in developed countries and affiliated hospitals of universities. Brazil was the most productive country. The journal Dental Traumatology had the most contributions to the scientific research of traumatic dental injuries. “Case report” was the most frequent type of article (36.50%), followed by cross‐sectional studies (19.57%) and case‐control studies (13.67%). Most studies focused on the treatment of TDIs (38.94%), especially for avulsion (21.01%), crown fracture (9.71%), and intrusion (5.25%). Permanent teeth (66%) were the dominant dentition.

Conclusion

There is a lack of high‐quality well‐designed studies such as cohort studies. The number of publications on prevention and the primary dentition is disproportionate in relation to their significance.
Compensatory mechanisms affect sensorimotor integration during ongoing vocal motor acts in marmoset monkeys
Authors: Pomberger Thomas , Löschner Julia , Hage Steffen R.
Published: March 2020

Any transmission of vocal signals faces the challenge of acoustic interferences such as heavy rain, wind, animal or urban sounds. Consequently, several mechanisms and strategies have evolved to optimize signal‐to‐noise ratio. Examples to increase detectability are the Lombard effect, an involuntary rise in call amplitude in response to masking ambient noise, which is often associated with other vocal changes such as call frequency and duration, as well as the animals’ capability of limiting calling to periods where noise perturbation is absent. Previous studies revealed vocal flexibility and various audio‐vocal integration mechanisms in marmoset monkeys. Using acoustic perturbation triggered by vocal behaviour, we investigated whether marmosets are capable of exhibiting changes in call structure when perturbing noise starts after call onset or whether such effects only occur if noise perturbation starts prior to call onset. We show that marmosets are capable of rapidly modulating call amplitude and frequency in response to such noise perturbation. Vocalizations swiftly increased call frequency after noise onset indicating a rapid effect of perturbing noise on vocal motor production. Call amplitudes were also affected. Interestingly, however, the marmosets did not exhibit the Lombard effect as previously reported but decreased call intensity in response to noise. Our findings indicate that marmosets possess a general avoidance strategy to call in the presence of ambient noise and suggest that these animals are capable of counteracting a previously thought involuntary audio‐vocal mechanism, the Lombard effect. These findings will pave the way to investigate the underlying audio‐vocal integration mechanisms explaining these behaviours.
Kant on moral self‐opacity
Authors: Berg Anastasia N. A.
Published: March 2020

It has been widely accepted that Kant holds the “Opacity Thesis,” the claim that we cannot know the ultimate grounds of our actions. Understood in this way, I shall argue, the Opacity Thesis is at odds with Kant's account of practical self‐consciousness, according to which I act from the (always potentially conscious) representation of principles of action and that, in particular, in acting from duty I act in consciousness of the moral law's determination of my will. The Opacity Thesis thus threatens to render acting from duty unintelligible. To diffuse the threat, I argue, first, that we need not attribute the Opacity Thesis to Kant. Kant's concern with the ubiquity of moral self‐opacity does not imply the strong skeptical conclusion that knowledge of the grounds of one's action is impossible. Second, I show how moral self‐opacity in cases of morally bad action emerges from the intrinsic inability of representing to oneself what one is doing, insofar one is pursuing the indeterminate end of “happiness.”
Streamline density and lesion volume reveal a postero–anterior gradient of corpus callosum damage in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Petracca M. , Schiavi S. , Battocchio M. , El Mendili M. M. , Fleysher L. , Daducci A. , Inglese M.
Published: March 2020

Background and purpose

Although interhemispheric disconnection significantly contributes to disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), the topography, timeline and relationship of callosal damage accrual with hemispheric damage are still unclear.

Methods

Streamline density and the presence of focal lesions in five callosal subregions were computed in 55 people with MS [13 relapsing–remitting (RRMS), 20 secondary progressive (SPMS), 22 primary progressive (PPMS)] and 24 healthy controls.

Results

Streamline density decrease was identified in SPMS in all corpus callosum (CC) subregions, in PPMS in the posterior CC and mid‐posterior CC and in RRMS in the posterior CC. CC density was independently predicted by CC lesion volume and hemispheric lesion volume and independently predicted visuospatial memory, Expanded Disability Status Scale, manual dexterity and ambulation.

Conclusions

The reduction in CC density across phenotypes suggests an earlier involvement of the posterior regions, followed only at a later stage by involvement of the anterior portions of the CC. Such interhemispheric disconnection seems to develop as a consequence of white matter macroscopic damage and exerts a relevant impact on motor and, to a lesser extent, cognitive disability.
Predation shapes the impact of cancer on population dynamics and the evolution of cancer resistance
Authors: Perret Cédric , Gidoin Cindy , Ujvari Beata , Thomas Frédéric , Roche Benjamin
Published: March 2020

Cancer is a widespread disease that affects most of the metazoans. However, cancer development is a slow process and, long before causing the death of the individual, may weaken organisms’ capacities and impair their interactions with other species. Yet, the impact of cancer development on biotic interactions, and over the dynamics of the whole ecosystem, is still largely unexplored. As well, the feedback of altered biotic interactions on the evolution of resistance against cancer in the context of community ecology has not been investigated. From this new perspective, we theoretically investigate how cancer can challenge expected interaction outcomes in a predator–prey model system, and how, in return, these altered interaction outcomes could affect evolution of resistance mechanism against cancer. First, we demonstrate a clear difference between prey and predator vulnerability to cancer, with cancer having a limited impact on prey populations. Second, we show that biotic interactions can surprisingly lead to a null or positive effect of cancer on population densities. Finally, our evolutionary analysis sheds light on how biotic interactions can lead to diverse resistance levels in predator populations. While its role in ecosystems is mostly unknown, we demonstrate that cancer in wildlife is an important ecological and evolutionary force to consider.