bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repeated Versus Varied Case Selection in Pediatric Resident Simulation
Authors: Tofil Nancy M. , Peterson Dawn Taylor , Wheeler Julie Turner , Youngblood Amber , Zinkan J. Lynn , Lara Diego , Jakaitis Brett , Niebauer Julia , White Marjorie Lee
Published: March 2014

Background

Repeated exposure to pediatric emergency scenarios improves technical skills, but it is unclear whether repeated exposure to specific cases affects medical decision making in varied cases.

Objective

We sought to determine whether repeated exposure to 1 scenario would translate to improved performance and decision making in varied scenarios.

Methods

Senior pediatrics residents participated in 3 scenarios with scripted debriefing. Residents were randomized to repeated practice (RP) scenarios or mixed (MIX) scenarios. RP residents completed pulseless electrical activity (PEA) with different stems (Case 1, 2, 3). MIX residents completed PEA (Case 1), seizure (Case 2), and ventricular tachycardia (Case 3) scenarios. Four months later, participants returned to complete 3 more cases: PEA (Case 4), seizure (Case 5), and critical coarctation (Case 6).

Results

Twenty-three residents participated in the study and were randomized to either the RP or the MIX group. The RP group showed statistically significant improvement in time to start chest compressions, whereas the MIX group showed no improvement. Use of a backboard improved significantly in Case 4 for the RP group but not for the MIX group. Similarly, time to check glucose in the seizure scenario was significantly better in the MIX group that had previous exposure to a seizure scenario. No differences in performance were noted between groups in Case 6, which was new to both groups.

Conclusions

Results of this study indicate that whereas repeated exposure may improve decision-making skills in similar scenarios, it may not translate to improved medical decision making in other scenarios.
Motivational Interviewing Interventions in Graduate Medical Education: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
Authors: Dunhill David , Schmidt Stacie , Klein Robin
Published: March 2014

Background

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered method of behavior change counseling. It has shown promise in enabling patients to identify and improve problem health behaviors. Incorporating MI education into residency training may be beneficial.

Objective

To review the current evidence regarding the impact of MI education in graduate medical education.

Results

Of the 9 studies of MI education in graduate medical education training, most noted favorable outcomes after MI education. Outcomes included improvements in residents' view of MI, MI skill use and competency, and resident satisfaction with MI interventions. Of the 5 studies that looked at residents' views of MI, 3 found improvements in resident assessments of the importance of and confidence in using MI. Of the 4 studies of MI skills, 3 reported improvements in residents' use of and competency in the MI skill. The quality of MI education in the graduate medical education literature is limited by overreliance on preintervention and postintervention analysis as a study design, the variable intensity of educational interventions, and limited use of validated assessment tools and quantitative outcome measures.

Conclusions

Review of the literature shows that MI education can be successfully implemented within the residency education environment. The intensity of MI interventions, coupled with experiential learning and feedback, correlated with favorable outcomes in terms of resident use of MI skills and resident satisfaction. Further study is needed to determine which MI skills are most effectively taught to residents, the impact of MI training on resident behavior in clinical settings, and the impact on clinical outcomes.
Interaction between dynamics and thermodynamics during tropical cyclogenesis
Authors: Gjorgjievska S. , Raymond D. J.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Observational data of tropical disturbances are analyzed in order to investigate tropical cyclogenesis. Data from 37 cases observed during three field campaigns are used to investigate possible correlations between various dynamic and thermodynamic variables. The results show that a strong mid-level vortex is necessary to promote spin up of the low-level vortex in a tropical cyclone. This paper presents a theory on the mechanism of this process. The mid-level vortex creates a thermodynamic environment conducive to convection with a more bottom-heavy mass flux profile that exhibits a strong positive vertical gradient in a shallow layer near the surface. Mass continuity then implies that the strongest horizontal mass and vorticity convergence occurs near the surface. This results in low-level vortex intensification. For two of the disturbances that were observed during several consecutive days, evolution of the dynamics and thermodynamics is documented. One of these disturbances, Karl, was observed in the period before it intensified into a tropical storm; the other one, Gaston, was observed after it unexpectedly decayed from a tropical storm to a tropical disturbance. A hypothesis on its decay is presented.
Carbon transfer, partitioning and residence time in the plant-soil system: a comparison of two 13CO2 labelling techniques
Authors: Studer M. S. , Siegwolf R. T. W. , Abiven S.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Various 13CO2 labelling approaches exist to trace carbon (C) dynamics in plant-soil systems. However, it is not clear if the different approaches yield the same results. Moreover, there is no consistent way of data analysis to date. In this study we compare with the same experimental setup the two main techniques: pulse and continuous labelling. We evaluate how these techniques perform to estimate the C transfer time, the C partitioning along time and the C residence time in different plant-soil compartments. We used identical plant-soil systems (Populus deltoides × nigra, Cambisol soil) to compare the pulse labelling approach (exposure to 99 atom % 13CO2 for three hours, traced for eight days) with a continuous labelling (exposure to 10 atom % 13CO2, traced for 14 days). The experiments were conducted in climate chambers under controlled environmental conditions. Before label addition and at four successive sampling dates, the plant-soil systems were destructively harvested, separated into leaves, petioles, stems, cuttings, roots and soil and soil microbial biomass was extracted. The soil CO2 efflux was sampled throughout the experiment. To model the C dynamics we used an exponential function to describe the 13C signal decline after pulse labelling. For the evaluation of the 13C distribution during the continuous labelling we applied a logistic function. Pulse labelling is best suited to assess the minimum C transfer time from the leaves to other compartments, while continuous labelling can be used to estimate the mean transfer time through a compartment, including short-term storage pools. The C partitioning between the plant-soil compartments obtained was similar for both techniques, but the time of sampling had a large effect: shortly after labelling the allocation into leaves was overestimated and the soil 13CO2 efflux underestimated. The results of belowground C partitioning were consistent for the two techniques only after eight days of labelling, when the 13C import and export was at equilibrium. The C mean residence times estimated by the rate constant of the exponential and logistic function were not valid here (non-steady state). However, the duration of the accumulation phase (continuous labelling) could be used to estimate the C residence time. Pulse and continuous labelling techniques are both well suited to assess C cycling. With pulse labelling, the dynamics of fresh assimilates can be traced, whereas the continuous labelling gives a more integrated result of C cycling, due to the homogeneous labelling of C pools and fluxes. The logistic model applied here, has the potential to assess different parameters of C cycling independent on the sampling date and with no disputable assumptions.
Multi-proxy fingerprint of Heinrich event 4 in Greenland ice core records
Authors: Guillevic M. , Bazin L. , Landais A. , Stowasser C. , Masson-Delmotte V. , Blunier T. , Eynaud F. , Falourd S. , Michel E. , Minster B. , Popp T. , Prié F. , Vinther B. M.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Glacial climate was characterised by two types of abrupt events. Greenland ice cores record Dansgaard–Oeschger events, marked by abrupt warming in-between cold, stadial phases. Six of these stadials coincide with major Heinrich events (HE), identified from ice-rafted debris (IRD) and large excursions in carbon and oxygen stable isotopic ratios in North Atlantic deep sea sediments, documenting major ice sheet collapse events. This finding has led to the paradigm that glacial cold events are induced by the response of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation to such massive freshwater inputs, supported by sensitivity studies conducted with climate models of various complexities. This mechanism could however never be confirmed or infirmed because the exact timing of Heinrich events and associated low latitude hydrological cycle changes with respect to Greenland stadials has so far remained elusive. Here, we provide the first multi-proxy fingerprint of H4 within Stadial 9 in Greenland ice cores through ice and air proxies of low latitude climate and water cycle changes. Our new dataset demonstrates that Stadial 9 consists of three phases, characterised first by Greenland cooling during 550 ± 60 years (as shown by markers of Greenland temperature δ18O and δ15N), followed by the fingerprint of Heinrich Event 4 as identified from several proxy records (abrupt decrease in 17O excess and Greenland methane sulfonic acid (MSA), increase in CO2 and methane mixing ratio, heavier δ D-CH4 and δ18Oatm), lasting 740 ± 60 years, itself ending approximately 390 ± 50 years prior to abrupt Greenland warming. Preliminary investigations on GS-13 encompassing H5, based on the ice core proxies δ18O, MSA, δ18Oatm, CH4 and CO2 data also reveal a 3 phase structure, as well as the same sequence of events. The decoupling between stable cold Greenland temperature and low latitude HE imprints provides new targets for benchmarking climate model simulations and testing mechanisms associated with millennial variability.
Terminology as a key uncertainty in net land use and land cover change carbon flux estimates
Authors: Pongratz J. , Reick C. H. , Houghton R. A. , House J. I.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. Reasons for the large uncertainty in land use and land cover change (LULCC) emissions go beyond recognized issues related to the available data on land cover change and the fact that model simulations rely on a simplified and incomplete description of the complexity of biological and LULCC processes. The large range across published LULCC emission estimates is also fundamentally driven by the fact that the net LULCC flux is defined and calculated in different ways across models. We introduce a conceptual framework that allows us to compare the different types of models and simulation setups used to derive land use fluxes. We find that published studies are based on at least nine different definitions of the net LULCC flux. Many multi-model syntheses lack a clear agreement on definition. Our analysis reveals three key processes that are accounted for in different ways: the land use feedback, the loss of additional sink capacity, and legacy (regrowth and decomposition) fluxes. We show that these terminological differences, alone, explain differences between published net LULCC flux estimates that are of the same order as the published estimates themselves. This has consequences for quantifications of the residual terrestrial sink: the spread in estimates caused by terminological differences is conveyed to those of the residual sink. Furthermore, the application of inconsistent definitions of net LULCC flux and residual sink has led to double-counting of fluxes in the past. While the decision to use a specific definition of the net LULCC flux will depend on the scientific application and potential political considerations, our analysis shows that the uncertainty of the net LULCC flux can be substantially reduced when the existing terminological confusion is resolved.
Modulational instability and wave amplification in finite water depth
Authors: Fernandez L. , Onorato M. , Monbaliu J. , Toffoli A.
Published: March 2014

Abstract. The modulational instability of a uniform wave train to side band perturbations is one of the most plausible mechanisms for the generation of rogue waves in deep water. In a condition of finite water depth, however, the interaction with the sea floor generates a wave-induced current that subtracts energy from the wave field and consequently attenuates the instability mechanism. As a result, a plane wave remains stable under the influence of collinear side bands for relative depths kh ≤ 1.36 (where k is the wavenumber of the plane wave and h is the water depth), but it can still destabilise due to oblique perturbations. Using direct numerical simulations of the Euler equations, it is here demonstrated that oblique side bands are capable of triggering modulational instability and eventually leading to the formation of rogue waves also for kh ≤ 1.36. Results, nonetheless, indicate that modulational instability cannot sustain a substantial wave growth for kh < 0.8.
Scientific Results of Conduit Drilling in the Unzen Scientific Drilling Project (USDP)
Authors: Nakada S. , Uto K. , Sakuma S. , Eichelberger J. C. , Shimizu H.
Published: March 2014

Directional drilling at Unzen Volcano in Japan during mid of 2004 penetrated the magma conduit and successfully recovered samples of the lava dike that is believed to have fed the 1991–1995 eruption. The dike was sampled about 1.3 km below the volcano’s summit vent and is intruded into a broader conduit zone that is 0.5 km wide. This zone consists of multiple older lava dikes and pyroclastic veins and has cooled to less than 200 ˚C. The lava dike sample was unexpectedly altered, suggesting that circulation of hydrothermal fluids rapidly cools the conduit region of even very active volcanoes. It is likely that seismic signals monitored prior to emergence of the lava dome reflected fracturing of the country rocks, caused by veining as volatiles escaped predominantly upward, not outward, from the rising magma. Geophysical and geological investigation of cuttings and core samples from the conduit and of bore-hole logging data continues.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.3.01.2006
Design, Manufacture, and Operation of a Core Barrel for the Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP)
Authors: Skinner A. C. , Bowers P. , Þórhallsson S. , Ómar Friðleifsson G. , Guðmundsson H.
Published: March 2014

The science program of the Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP) requires as much core as possible in the transition zone to supercritical and inside the supercritical zone (>374°C), in the depth interval 2400–4500 m. The spot coring system selected has a 7 1/4" (184.15 mm) OD at 10 m length and collects a 4" (101.6 mm) diameter core using an 8 1/2" (215.9 mm) OD core bit. It incorporates design characteristics, materials, clearances and bearings compatible with operation of the core barrel at temperatures as high as 600°C. Special attention was given to the volume of flushing which could be applied to the core barrel and through the bit while running in and out of the borehole and while coring. In November 2008 a successful spot coring test using the new core barrel was performed at 2800 m depth in the production well RN-17 B at Reykjanes, Iceland, where the formation temperature is 322°C. A 9.3-m hydrothermally altered hyaloclastite breccia was cored with 100% core recovery, in spite of it being highly fractured. A core tube data logger was also designed and placed inside the inner barrel to monitor the effectiveness of cooling. The temperature could be maintained at 100°C while coring, but it reached 170°C for a very short period while tripping in. The effective cooling is attributed to the high flush design and a top drive being employed, which allows circulation while tripping in or out, except for the very short time when a new drill pipe connection is being made.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.10.05.2010
Twenty Years of Drilling the Deepest Hole in Ice
Authors: Vasiliev N. I. , Talalay P. G. , Vostok Deep Ice Core Drilling Parties
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.11.05.2011
Executive Summary: "Mantle Frontier" Workshop
Authors:   Workshop Report Writing Group
Published: March 2014

Abstract. No abstract available. doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.11.07.2011
Deep Scientific Drilling to Study Reservoir-Triggered Earthquakes in Koyna, Western India
Authors: Gupta H. , Nayak S. , the Koyna Workshop Committee
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.12.07.2011
Workshop on Drilling of Lake Junin, Peru: Potential for Development of a Continuous Tropical Climate Record
Authors: Rodbell D. T. , Abbott M. B. ,   the 2011 ICDP Lake Junin Working Group
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.13.10.2011
IODP Expedition 326 Operations: First Stage of Nankai Trough Plate Boundary Deep Riser Drilling
Authors: Kinoshita M. , Tobin H. , Eguchi N. , Nielsen S.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.14.03.2012
Performance of the Wireline Heave Compensation System Onboard D/V JOIDES Resolution
Authors: Iturrino G. , Liu T. , Goldberg D. , Anderson L. , Evans H. , Fehr A. , Guerin G. , Inwood J. , Lofi J. , Malinverno A. , Morgan S. , Mrozewski S. , Slagle A. , Williams T.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.15.08.2013
IODP Expedition 307 Drills Cold-Water Coral Mound Along the Irish Continental Margin
Authors: Ferdelman T. G. , Kano A. , Williams T. ,   the IODP Expedition 307 Scientists
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.2.02.2006
Muroto Project: Scientifi c Drilling of the Late Pliocene Forearc Basin Deposit on the West Coast of Muroto Peninsula, Shikoku, Japan
Authors: Kondo Y. , Iwai M. , Kodama K.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.3.08.2006
IODP Expeditions 304 & 305 Characterize the Lithology, Structure, and Alteration of an Oceanic Core Complex
Authors: Ildefonse B. , Blackman D. , John B. E. , Ohara Y. , Miller D. J. , MacLeod C. J. ,   the IODP Expeditions 304-305 Scientists
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.3.01.2006
Deep Drilling with the ANDRILL Program in Antarctica
Authors: Harwood D. , Levy R. , Cowie J. , Florindo F. , Naish T. , Powell R. , Pyne A.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.3.09.2006
Investigating Maar Formation and the Climate History of Southern Argentina–the Potrok Aike Maar Lake Sediment Archive Drilling Project (PASADO)
Authors: Zolitschka B. , Corbella H. , Maidana N. , Ohlendorf C.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.3.13.2006
Joint IODP/ICDP Scientific Drilling of the Chicxulub Impact Crater
Authors: Morgan J. , Christeson G. , Gulick S. , Grieve R. , Urrutia J. , Barton P. , Rebolledo M. , Melosh J.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.4.11.2007
Exploring Subseafloor Life with the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Authors: D'Hondt S. , Inagaki F. , Ferdelman T. , Barker Jørgensen B. , Kato K. , Kemp P. , Sobecky P. , Sogin M. , Takai K.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.22 04/iodp.sd.5.03.2007
Aurora Borealis – Development of a New Research Icebreaker with Drilling Capability
Authors: Biebow N. , Thiede J.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.22 04/iodp.sd.5.10.2007
Scientific Drilling with the Sea Floor Drill Rig MeBo
Authors: Freudenthal T. , Wefer G.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.22 04/iodp.sd.5.11.2007
Ultra-Deepwater Riserless Mud Circulation with Dual Gradient Drilling
Authors: Myers G.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.6.07.2008
Magnetic Susceptibility as a Tool for Investigating Igneous Rocks – Experience from IODP Expedition 304
Authors: Searle R. C.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.6.08.2008
CPCP: Colorado Plateau Coring Project – 100 Million Years of Early Mesozoic Climatic, Tectonic, and Biotic Evolution of an Epicontinental Basin Complex
Authors: Olsen P. E. , Kent D. V. , Geissman J. W.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.6.12.2008
Acquiring High to Ultra-High Resolution Geological Records of Past Climate Change by Scientific Drilling
Authors: Thurow J. , Peterson L. C. , Harms U. , Hodell D. A. , Cheshire H. , Brumsack H.-J. , Irino T. , Schulz M. , Masson-Delmotte V. , Tada R.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.8.08.2009
Understanding Paleoclimate and Human Evolution Through the Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project
Authors: Cohen A. , Arrowsmith R. , Behrensmeyer A. K. , Campisano C. , Feibel C. , Fisseha S. , Johnson R. , Kubsa Bedaso Z. , Lockwoodt C. , Mbua R. , Olago D. , Potts R. , Reed K. , Renaut R. , Tiercelin J.-J. , Umer M.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.8.10.2009
The Great Oxidation Event Recorded in Paleoproterozoic Rocks from Fennoscandia
Authors: Melezhik V. A. , Lepland A. , Romashkin A. E. , Rychanchik D. V. , Mesli M. , Finne R. E. , Conze R. ,   the FAR-DEEP Scientists
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.9.04.2010
High-Precision Orientation of Three-Component Magnetic Downhole Logs
Authors: Virgil C. , Hördt A. , Klein T. , Kück J. , Leven M. , Steveling E.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.9.07.2010
BABHY – A New Strategy of Hydrofracturing for Deep Stress Measurements
Authors: Ito T. , Omura K. , Ito H.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.38.2007
High-resolution Imaging of Fault Zone Structures with Seismic Fault Zone Waves
Authors: Ben-Zion Y. , Peng Z. , Lewis M. , McGuire J.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.23.2007
Comparison between Three Out-of-Sequence Thrusts from Japan and Alaska: Implications for Nankai Drilling Targets from the Rock Record
Authors: Rowe C. D.
Published: March 2014

No abstract available.

 doi:10.2204/iodp.sd.s01.31.2007
Individuality and temporal stability of the human gut microbiome
Authors: Sunagawa Shinichi , Schloissnig Siegfried , Arumugam Manimozhiyan , Forslund Kristoffer , Mitreva Makedonka , Tap Julien , Zhu Ana , Waller Alison , Mende Daniel R. , Kultima Jens Roat , Martin John , Kota Karthik , Sunyaev Shamil R. , Typas Athanasios , Weinstock George M. , Bork Peer
Published: March 2014

Introduction: The breakthrough of next generation sequencing-technologies has enabled large-scale studies of natural microbial communities and the 16S rRNA genes have been widely used as a phylogenetic marker to study community structure. However, major limitations of this approach are that neither strain-level resolution nor genomic context of microorganisms can be provided. This information, however, is crucial to answer fundamental questions about the temporal stability and distinctiveness of natural microbial communities.Material and methods: We developed a methodological framework for metagenomic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation analysis and applied it to publicly available data from 252 human fecal samples from 207 European and North American individuals. We further analyzed samples from 43 healthy subjects that were sampled at least twice over time intervals of up to one year and measured population similarities of dominant gut species.Results: We detected 10.3 million SNPs in 101 species, which nearly amounts to the number identified in more than 1,000 humans.Conclusion: The most striking result was that host-specific strains appear to be retained over long time periods. This indicates that individual-specific strains are not easily exchanged with the environment and furthermore, that an individuals appear to have a unique metagenomic genotype. This, in turn, is linked to implications for human gut physiology, such as the stability of antibiotic resistance potential.
Generating French virtual commuting networks at the municipality level
Authors: Lenormand Maxime , Huet Sylvie , Gargiulo Floriana
Published: March 2014

We aim to generate virtual commuting networks in the rural regions of France in order to study the dynamics of their municipalities. Since it will be necessary to model small commuting flows between municipalities with a few hundred or thousand inhabitants, we have opted for the stochastic model presented by Gargiulo et al. (2012). This model reproduces various possible complete networks using an iterative process, stochastically selecting a workplace in the region for each commuter living in the municipality of a region. The choice is made considering the job offers in each municipality of the region and the distance to all of the possible destinations. This paper will present methods

for adapting and implementing this model to generate commuting networks between municipalities for regions in France. We address three different issues: How can we generate a reliable virtual commuting network for a region that is highly dependent on other regions for the satisfaction of its residents’ demands for employment? What about a convenient deterrence function? How can we calibrate the model when detailed data is not available? Our solution proposes an extended job search geographical base for commuters living in the municipalities; we compare two different deterrence functions and we show that the parameter is a constant for network linking municipalities in France.
On Homuncular Drives and the Structure of the Nietzschean Self
Authors: Katsafanas Paul
Published: March 2014

This article critiques three aspects of Clark and Dudrick's book. First, I question Clark and Dudrick's claim that Nietzsche recognizes a distinct will to value. Second, I argue that Clark and Dudrick's analysis of Nietzschean drives is philosophically and textually problematic. Third, I investigate their claim that Nietzsche understands the self as a “normative ordering” of drives, which they distinguish from a “causal ordering.” I raise some doubts about the cogency of this distinction.
Nietzsche's Psychology as a Refinement of Plato's
Authors: Janaway Christopher
Published: March 2014

Clark and Dudrick claim that Nietzsche takes Plato's theory of the soul to be “a hypothesis, which his own psychology is an attempt to refine.” This essay accepts that claim, but argues for a more streamlined account of the relation between Nietzsche and Plato than Clark and Dudrick give. (1) There is no justification for their suggestion that Nietzsche diagnoses an “atomistic need” as responsible for what he objects to in Plato's model. (2) The claim that “reason” is a motivationally inert set of cognitive capacities is not necessarily a point of disagreement with Plato. (3) Nietzsche's psychology does not require a generalized “will to value” as a counterpart to the will to truth. (4) Clark and Dudrick fail to recognize the Platonic soul elements as drives, and that the element that for Plato should govern in the best of souls can be interpreted as closely analogous to Nietzsche's will to truth.
Advancing the Agōn: Nietzsche's Pre-texts and the Self-Reflexive Will to Truth
Authors: Heit Helmut
Published: March 2014

This article argues that Clark and Dudrick's study of Beyond Good and Evil, despite numerous qualities and the correct conclusion that Nietzsche pursued a normative project, remains dissatisfying for two main reasons: First, the methodological distinction between esoteric and exoteric doctrines, problematic as it is from the outset, would require a detailed genetic reconstruction of Nietzsche's ways of obscuring his “real views” and of translating them into a new language. Clark and Dudrick, however, seem to use that distinction mainly to accommodate Nietzsche to their understanding of good philosophy. Second, their reconstruction of empiricist and idealistic epistemologies, given in terms of exclusive opposites, fails to appreciate how Nietzsche tries to replace such false contradictions with gradational differences and how he dialectically distributes approval and criticism to both through the composition of his aphorisms.
Nietzsche's Apollo
Authors: Pappas Nickolas
Published: March 2014

Nietzsche's account of Apollo and the Apollinian in The Birth of Tragedy contains underappreciated distortions. Apollinian moments in some tragedies are described as Dionysian. The Apollo seen in BT fails to interpret dreams (indeed this book renders dreams impervious to interpretation) and scarcely prophesies. Most important, Nietzsche's vision of the Apollinian as surface and bounded plane image denies Greek uses of sculpture in just the opposite way, namely to effect communication between the visible and invisible realms. It is improbable to suppose that Nietzsche is ignorant of such a prominent aspect of Greek culture, or that he simply wants to keep his aesthetic categories neatly demarcated. More likely, he represses the communicative Apollo in a gesture against modern Europe's nostalgic treatment of antiquity. Thus the familiar question of BT's accuracy sheds unexpected light on the familiar question of its relationship to nostalgia.
Differential processes of ‘Internet’ versus ‘real life’ sexual filtering and contact among men who have sex with men
Authors: Rice Shelia R. , Ross Michael W.
Published: March 2014

We studied the behaviors and sexual contacts in 1,000 Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), and behaviors for main and casual partners, and between Internet and In Real Life (IRL) sexual contacts for non-main partners. Data establish different patterns of MSM courtships and a pattern of partner acquisition. Data indicate the process of filtering, courtship, and / or negotiating for sex (including positioning) is different for Internet-acquired and IRL-acquired partners. There are more steps in the Internet process compared to the IRL processes prior to face-to-face contact, as well as negotiations of risk reduction. Higher levels of risk behavior and specifically anal sex and rimming suggest that the Internet allows for pre-Face-To-Face negotiation of sexual scripts.
Synergy of NVP-BEZ235 and enzastaurin in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Civallero Monica , Cosenza Maria
Published: March 2014

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a neoplasm classified as a B-cell malignancy, that accounts for approximately 3 to 8% of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) cases diagnosed annually. MCL is difficult to treat and seldom considered cured. The pathobiology of MCL is complex and includes alteration in the cell cycle, abnormalities in the DNA damage response, and constitutive activation of key antiapoptotic pathways including phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and nuclear factor-kB. This has promoted the identification of new targeted treatments and new agents that have shown promising efficacy for future MCL therapies. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) mammalian target of rapamicin (mTOR) pathway mediates proliferation, survival, and drug resistance in lymphoma cells. NVP-BEZ235 (BEZ235) is a new, orally bioavailable inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR and a representative of a new class of anti-tumour agents.In this study, we analysed the in vitro inhibitory effects of NVP-BEZ235 on mantle lymphoma cell lines (GRANTA-519 and JeKo-1) and its effects in combination with enzastaurin, everolimus and perifosine. Our data suggest that in mantle lymphoma cell lines, BEZ235 in combination with enzastaurin elicits its antitumour effect better than combined with perifosine and everolimus. Our data reveal that the drug combination targets phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways and induces both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways. Furthermore, inhibition of Bcl-2 anti-apoptosis family members may, in part, explain the efficacy of signalling blockade in lymphoma cells and suggests an additional therapeutic targeting strategy. Therefore, these preclinical data support the potential use of BEZ235 in patients with mantle lymphoma, and in particular provide rationale for combination with enzastaurin.
The TRUST (EvaluaTion of Bladder Function in Relapsing-Remitting MUltiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Natalizumab) Observational Study
Authors: Khatri Bhupendra O. , Foley John F. , Fink Jennifer , Kramer John F. , Cha Choon , You Xiaojun , Warth John D. , Foulds Pam
Published: March 2014

Background: Bladder dysfunction is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study was designed to evaluate effects of natalizumab on bladder function in patients with relapsing-remitting MS.

Methods: The TRUST (EvaluaTion of Bladder Function in Relapsing-Remitting MUltiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Natalizumab) study was an open-label, single-arm, two-center study. Natalizumab-naive MS patients with disabling bladder dysfunction and initiating natalizumab were enrolled and followed for 6 months. The primary endpoint was change in the Urogenital Distress Inventory short form (UDI-6) score from baseline. Change in Incontinence Impact Questionnaire short form (IIQ-7) score from baseline was a secondary endpoint.

Results: Thirty patients were enrolled. Mean baseline characteristics were age 49.9 years, Expanded Disability Status Scale score 4.6, number of relapses in previous year 2.4, UDI-6 score 10.4, and IIQ-7 score 12.3. Mean changes in UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores were significantly improved from baseline beginning at week 4 and up to week 24; mean improvements at 24 weeks were 4.4 (P < .0001) and 4.9 (P = .0005) points, respectively. At week 24, 85.7% and 78.6% of patients demonstrated improvements from baseline in UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores, respectively.

Conclusions: Incontinence-related quality of life as measured by UDI-6 and IIQ-7 scores improved significantly during natalizumab treatment.
The Ca2+-activated K+ current of human sperm is mediated by Slo3
Authors: Brenker Christoph , Zhou Yu , Müller Astrid , Echeverry Fabio Andres , Trötschel Christian , Poetsch Ansgar , Xia Xiao-Ming , Bönigk Wolfgang , Lingle Christopher J , Kaupp U Benjamin , Strünker Timo
Published: March 2014

Sperm are equipped with a unique set of ion channels that orchestrate fertilization. In mouse sperm, the principal K+ current (IKSper) is carried by the Slo3 channel, which sets the membrane potential (Vm) in a strongly pHi-dependent manner. Here, we show that IKSper in human sperm is activated weakly by pHi and more strongly by Ca2+. Correspondingly, Vm is strongly regulated by Ca2+ and less so by pHi. We find that inhibitors of Slo3 suppress human IKSper, and we identify the Slo3 protein in the flagellum of human sperm. Moreover, heterologously expressed human Slo3, but not mouse Slo3, is activated by Ca2+ rather than by alkaline pHi; current–voltage relations of human Slo3 and human IKSper are similar. We conclude that Slo3 represents the principal K+ channel in human sperm that carries the Ca2+-activated IKSper current. We propose that, in human sperm, the progesterone-evoked Ca2+ influx carried by voltage-gated CatSper channels is limited by Ca2+-controlled hyperpolarization via Slo3.
Growth mechanisms of 3C-SiC layer by carbonization of Si(100) substrates in high-vacuum region
Authors: Watanabe Yukimune , Horikawa Tsuyoshi , Kamimura Kiichi
Published: March 2014

The carbonization mechanism of Si(100) substrates was examined under a pressure of approximately 10−2 Pa. The results indicate that the concentration of carbon on the surface determined the growth mechanism of the carbonized layer. At the initial stage, the carbonized layer forms by epitaxial growth at a pressure lower than 1.1 × 10−2 Pa (p
0). At a pressure higher than p
0, the growth by diffusion becomes gradually predominant with increasing pressure. After the entire silicon substrate was covered with the carbonized layer, the carbonized layer was grown by diffusion. At pressures ranging from 1.2 × 10−2 Pa (p
e) to 2.8 × 10−2 Pa, the growth rate increased linearly with increasing pressure. The growth rate was constant at pressures higher than 2.8 × 10−2 Pa because the amount of carbon incorporated in the carbonized layer saturated. Process pressure was an important parameter that determined the growth mechanism of the carbonized layer.
“I cannot tell what the dickens his name is”: Name Disambiguation in Institutional Repositories
Authors: Walker Lizzy A , Armstrong Michelle
Published: March 2014

INTRODUCTION Authors who publish under more than one form of their name, multiple authors with the same name, and incomplete author information can all create challenges for repository staff when entering metadata. Unless properly addressed, these variations and duplications can result in search and retrieval errors for users. Name disambiguation, the process of identifying, merging, and making names accessible in one standard form, is a vital process repository staff should incorporate into their workflow to address these issues. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM Staff working with ScholarWorks, Boise State’s institutional repository, are exploring the use of disambiguation tools to solve the issue of name duplication. Systems explored include ORCID, ResearcherID, Scopus, Google Scholar Citations, Names Project, and the Digital Commons’ Author Merge Tool. NEXT STEPS Based on this initial assessment, ScholarWorks staff will continue to use the Author Merge Tool on a regular basis and explore ways to document and retain information discovered during the analysis phase. Additionally, they will continue to experiment with emerging name authority tools, such as ORCID. Finally, metadata specialists are encouraged to advocate for international standards that will provide prescribed rules for how metadata is entered into a repository system.
What do Students Learn from Participation in an Undergraduate Research Journal? Results of an Assessment
Authors: Weiner Sharon A , Watkinson Charles
Published: March 2014

INTRODUCTION Undergraduate research journals provide students with an opportunity to disseminate their work while learning about the scholarly publishing process. The opportunities to learn about scholarly communication have been demonstrated, but such journals also offer a means of helping students attain necessary information literacy competencies. By partnering in the publication of undergraduate journals, libraries can further strategic goals related to information literacy and establish a connection between library publishing and student success. This paper reports on an assessment of the Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research (JPUR) that was designed to evaluate student learning outcomes and demonstrate connections between journal participation and student success. METHODS The assessment plan included all student and faculty stakeholder groups. Online surveys were distributed to primary stakeholder groups annually for three years; students who attended workshops were asked to complete evaluations; and web metrics were collected. RESULTS The findings indicated that students experienced gains in learning as a result of writing an article, writing a research snapshot, or mentoring a student author. Because of their involvement with JPUR, student authors intended to publish articles in the future. JPUR influenced career decisions. Faculty were motivated to continue to act as mentors for undergraduate research. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION The assessment showed that student authors benefitted from experiencing the full spectrum of the scholarly publishing process. Notably, students gained knowledge of important information literacy concepts. These learning gains and the demonstrated influence of JPUR on student career and scholarly aspirations clearly show that publication of an undergraduate research journal supports university priorities for student success as well as the Libraries’ strategic priorities of information literacy and scholarly communication. It is recommended that other institutions that are publishing undergraduate journals undertake similar assessments, which will further establish the value of such publications.
Bottlenecks in the Open-Access System: Voices from Around the Globe
Authors: Bonaccorso Elisa , Bozhankova Reneta , Cadena Carlos Daniel , Čapská Veronika , Czerniewicz Laura , Emmett Ada , Oludayo Folorunso Fasina , Glukhova Natalia , Greenberg Marc L , Hladnik Miran , Grillet María Eugenia , Indrawan Mochamad , Kapović Mate , Kleiner Yuri , Łaziński Marek , Loyola Rafael D , Menon Shaily , Morales Luis Gonzalo , Ocampo Clara , Pérez-Emán Jorge , Peterson A Townsend , Poposki Dimitar , Rasheed Ajadi Adetola , Rodríguez-Clark Kathryn M , Rodríguez Jon Paul , Rosenblum Brian
Published: March 2014

A level playing field is key for global participation in science and scholarship, particularly with regard to how scientific publications are financed and subsequently accessed. However, there are potential pitfalls of the so-called “Gold” open-access (OA) route, in which author-paid publication charges cover the costs of production and publication. Gold OA plans in which author charges are required may not solve the access problem, but rather may shift the access barrier from reader to writer. Under such plans, everyone may be free to read papers, but it may still be prohibitively expensive to publish them. In a scholarly community that is increasingly global, spread over more and more regions and countries of the world, these publication access barriers may be quite significant. In the present paper, a global suite of colleagues in academe joins this debate. The group of colleagues, a network of researchers active in scholarly publishing, spans four continents and multiple disciplines in the natural sciences, humanities, and social sciences, as well as diverse political and economic situations. We believe that this global sampling of researchers can provide the nuance and perspective necessary to grasp this complex problem. The group was assembled without an attempt to achieve global coverage through random sampling.This contribution differs from other approaches to the open-access problem in several fundamental ways. (A) It is scholar-driven, and thus can represent the ‘other side of the coin’ of scholarly communication. (B) It focuses on narrative report, where scholars were free to orient their responses as they saw fit, rather than being confined to binary or scalar choices. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, (C) it distinguishes among institutions and countries and situations, highlighting inequalities of access among wealthy and economically-challenged nations, and also within countries depending on the size and location of particular institutions.
Research Data Management: Practical Strategies for Information Professionals edited by Joyce M. Ray
Authors: Nilsen Karl
Published: March 2014

This volume provides a comprehensive survey of research data management services, infrastructure, and related issues. The editor has organized nineteen contributions into seven themes: (1) policy and governance, (2) service design and planning, (3) intellectual property, metadata, and citation, (4) repository practices and processes, (5) evaluation and assessment, (6) a set of four case studies, chiefly based on research libraries, and (7) a concluding commentary on future challenges.
Prévention de la violence et promotion des relations harmonieuses et égalitaires: regard croisé des membres du personnel et des étudiantes et étudiants de niveau collégial
Authors: Fernet Mylène , Hébert Martine , Cardinal Jean-François , Guay Huguette , Bédard Danielle , Perreault Geneviève
Published: March 2014

La violence dans les relations amoureuses (VRA) est associée à d'importantes répercussions sur la santé mentale des jeunes. Considérant le peu d'interventions préventives sur la VRA leur étant destinées, cette étude vise à contraster les perspectives du personnel collégial (n = 57) et des étudiants et étudiantes (n = 278). Les résultats suggèrent des connaissances plutôt justes par rapport à la violence et des attitudes positives face à la prévention. Toutefois, certaines barrières sont identifiées, dont le manque d'outils de prévention et la surcharge de travail. Ces résultats renforcent la nécessité d'offrir des activités de formation et des outils pédagogiques pour soutenir la prévention de la VRA en milieu collégial.
Substance abuse treatment outcomes in women with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Grant Therese M. , Novick Brown Natalie , Graham J. Christopher , Ernst Cara C.
Published: March 2014

Grant, T., Novick Brown, N., Graham, J., & Ernst, C. (2014). Substance abuse treatment outcomes in women with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder.The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(1), 43-49. doi:10.7895/ijadr.v3i1.112Aims: There is little literature describing substance use treatment participation or completion rates for adults with neurocognitive impairments, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). This paper examines inpatient and outpatient substance abuse treatment outcomes among women with diagnosed or suspected FASD compared to women without prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE).Design: Three-group observational study.Setting: A three-year case management intervention program in Washington State for high-risk women who abuse alcohol and/or drugs during pregnancy.Participants: Group 1: No PAE (N = 463); Group 2: Diagnosed with FASD (FAS, ARND, fetal alcohol effects, or static encephalopathy) by a qualified physician (N = 25; 14 included in hypothesis testing); Group 3: Suspected FASD (all reported PAE and displayed behaviors consistent with a clinical diagnosis of FASD) (N = 61).Measures: Addiction Severity Index and biannual assessment of substance abuse treatment received and alcohol and drug use.Findings: Women with diagnosed/suspected FASD were less likely than those without PAE to attend and complete inpatient and outpatient treatment. Women with diagnosed/suspected FASD who completed treatment were twice as likely to do so within a structured residential setting compared to a less structured outpatient setting.Conclusions: Program structure in substance abuse treatment is important for people with FASD because of brain-based impairments. Outpatient treatment participation requires intact executive function skills (e.g., planning, organizing, sequencing), while structured inpatient treatment is not as challenging because it requires less independent decision-making. We suggest routine intake screening, referral protocols for follow-up diagnostic assessment, maximizing program structure to the extent possible, and modified therapeutic approaches to accommodate disabilities.