bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional hybrid poly(ester-urethane)urea/resveratrol electrospun nanofibers for a potential vascularizing matrix
Authors: Liang Chen , Wang Yanan , Zhao Renliang , Du Juan , Yao Jin , Khan Atta ur Rehman , Zhu Youwei , Xia Huitang , Zhu Tonghe
Published: November 2024

P/R-1.0 nanofiber with excellent antioxidant, blood and cell compatibility fibricated via electrospinning for a potential vascularizing matrix.
Hierarchical hybrid crosslinking multifunctional gelatin-based hydrogel: ideal platforms for flexible wearable devices, brain–computer interfaces and biomedical applications
Authors: Xu Chang , Guan Shiqiang , Zhang Hao , Fan Weiwang , Zhuang Xijing , Dong Xufeng
Published: November 2024

An ultrastretchable, self-healing multilevel hybrid crosslinking gelatin-based hydrogel for flexible wearable devices, brain–computer interfaces and biomedical applications.
Enhanced colossal permittivity in mono-doped BaTiO3via particle hydroxylation-induced defect dipoles
Authors: Lee Seung Yong , Song Jung Hwan , Oh Jiseop , Kim Do Kyung
Published: November 2024

Defect-engineered colossal permittivity with controlled dielectric loss in BaTiO3 ceramics via particle hydroxylation through wet chemical synthesis.
Low-cost and transparent cooling films with solar-selective nanoparticles for reducing the energy consumption of buildings
Authors: Wang Cheng , Wei Hailu , Zhou Zhihua , Chao Yuechao , Liu Junwei , Yang Xueqing , Du Yahui , Wang Wufan , Yu Lu , Zhang Shuqi , Yan Jinyue
Published: November 2024

The solar selective films proposed in this work can enable excellent cooling performance, resulting in a decrease in the indoor temperature by 11 °C in summer and annual air conditioning energy saving of ∼25% in Hong Kong.
Electric field-induced amplification of graphene oxide's visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Nugmanova Alsu G. , Sokolov Maxim R. , Alexandrov Alexey E. , Kniazeva Maria A. , Eremchev Ivan Yu. , Naumov Andrey V. , Boukhvalov Danil W. , König Burkhard , Kalinina Maria A.
Published: November 2024

An electric field accelerates a visible light photocatalysis with dye-sensitized graphene oxide in water. The effect provides the basis for new efficient photocatalytic technologies using contactless electric cells.
Vinylene-linked donor–acceptor covalent organic polymers with low exciton binding energy for enhanced photocatalytic oxidation of sulfides
Authors: Liu Wenhao , Li Yujie , Duan Fang , Liu Haiping , Ren Yanyan , Yan Shengrong , Lu Shuanglong , Du Mingliang , Chen Xin , Wang Jun
Published: November 2024

The construction of vinylene linkage and a donor–acceptor structure extends the in-plane π-conjugation of Btt-Bdd, which reduces excitonic effects and facilitates charge separation, thus significantly improving the photocatalytic sulfide oxidation.
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as an electrolyte additive boosts fast-charging and stable cycling of graphite anodes for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Song Jinze , Qi Haoyu , Yuan Wangsheng , Li Jiajin , Zou Shanbao , Wang Wenlei , Hu Jiaxue , Wu Yunling , Fu Lijun , Wu Yuping
Published: November 2024

This study enhances the cycle and rate performance of graphite anodes in LIBs by adding g-C3N4 to the electrolyte. The g-C3N4 additive optimizes the solvation structure and SEI, enhancing the structural stability and reaction kinetics of graphite.
Progress in and outlook on polarization-sensitive perovskite photodetectors
Authors: Chen Hongxu , Wang Guohua , Wang Yufei , Zhao Xin , Xu Xinglu , Zhang Luxin , Wei Wei , Shen Liang
Published: November 2024

Device structures of perovskite CPPD (left) and LPPD (right).
A composite dressing combining ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowire bio-paper and a calcium alginate hydrogel accelerates wound healing
Authors: Zhu Yuankang , Hao Liangshi , Luo Yurui , Gao Jing , Xu Fengming , Li Han , Hao Changning , Lin Chao-Po , Yu Han-Ping , Zhu Ying-Jie , Duan Junli
Published: November 2024

A schematic illustration of the preparation and structure of an HAP–Alg composite dressing, and the advantages of the as-prepared HAP–Alg composite dressing in promoting wound healing.
Crafting nature's wonders: nanoarchitectonics developments in bioinspired nanocellulose-based stimuli-responsive supramolecular matrices
Authors: Panda Soumya Ranjan , S. Vaishakh Prasad , Karmakar Abhijit , Koner Apurba Lal
Published: November 2024

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the development of stimuli-responsive nanocellulose-based drug delivery systems.
Live cell imaging of lipid droplets: fluorescent chalcones as probes for lipophagy and lipid–mitochondria interactions
Authors: Ghorpade Mohini , Rajput Deeksha , Mahalingam Paramasivam , Kanvah Sriram
Published: November 2024

Lipid droplet staining, along with monitoring verapamil-induced lipophagy, highlights the dynamic interplay between lipid droplets and mitochondria.
Multilayer films for photon upconversion-driven photoswitching
Authors: Wang Zhihang , Jones Beatrice E. , Franca Larissa G. , Lawson Takashi , Jevric Martyn , Moth-Poulsen Kasper , Evans Rachel C.
Published: November 2024

The use of triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) to drive photoswitching of the energy-storing norbornadiene–quadricyclane (NBD–QC) isomers in the solid-state is demonstrated.
A controllable and high-pressure gas driven microfluidic platform towards large-scale fabrication of multicolor-emissive carbon dots
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Haomiao , Yang Jiahui , Cui Tingting , Cheng Rui , Yu Jian
Published: November 2024

A controllable and high-pressure gas driven microfluidic platform is developed for large-scale fabrication of multicolor-emissive carbon dots (CDs).
A stimulus-triggered luminescent hydrogel with Al3+ for visible color tunability in advanced information encryption applications
Authors: Liu Lina , Cui Kai , Song Fuqiang , Wang Daoyuan , Wang Baoyan , Tang Xiaoliang
Published: November 2024

A high-strength hydrogel with metal ion-triggered responsiveness, multi-color tunability, and self-healing properties is designed. The unique optical function could promote the development of low-cost and easy-to-process intelligent materials.
Dynamic colorimetric sensing with all-dielectric metasurfaces governed by bound states in the continuum
Authors: Xu Yanli , Yang Yinye , Li Hongxu , Ren Lirong
Published: November 2024

High-sensitivity refractive index (RI) colorimetric sensing is achieved by utilizing the all-dielectric bound in continuum (BIC) metasurface in this work.
Lethal weapon: targeting cancer by synthetic lethality
Authors: Elliott Libbie
Published: November 2024

The Biochemical Society identifies and celebrates outstanding science communication talent in molecular biosciences with its annual Science Communication Prize. Libbie Elliott won the second prize in the Higher Education category. Libbie’s entry is titled ‘Lethal weapon: targeting cancer by synthetic lethality’.
Producing Nasal Vowels Without Nasalization? Perceptual Judgments and Acoustic Measurements of Nasal/Oral Vowels Produced by Children With Cochlear Implants and Typically Hearing Peers
Authors: Fagniart Sophie , Delvaux Véronique , Harmegnies Bernard , Huberlant Anne , Huet Kathy , Piccaluga Myriam , Watterman Isabelle , Charlier Brigitte
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The objective of the present study is to investigate nasal and oral vowel production in French-speaking children with cochlear implants (CIs) and children with typical hearing (TH). Vowel nasality relies primarily on acoustic cues that may be less effectively transmitted by the implant. The study investigates how children with CIs manage to produce these segments in French, a language with contrastive vowel nasalization.

Method:

The children performed a task in which they repeated sentences containing a consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel–type pseudoword, the vowel being a nasal or oral vowel from French. Thirteen children with CIs and 25 children with TH completed the task. Among the children with CIs, the level of exposure to Cued Speech (CS) was either occasional (CS−) or intense (CS+). The productions were analyzed through perceptual judgments and acoustic measurements. Different acoustic cues related to nasality were collected: segmental durations, formant values, and predicted values of nasalization. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine which acoustic features are associated with perceived nasality in perceptual judgments.

Results:

The perceptual judgments realized on the children's speech productions indicate that children with sustained exposure to CS (CS+) exhibited the best identified and most distinct oral/nasal productions. Acoustic measures revealed different production profiles among the groups: Children in the CS+ group seem to differentiate between nasal and oral vowels by relying on segmental duration cues and variations in oropharyngeal configurations (associated with formant differences) but less through nasal resonance.

Conclusion:

The study highlights (a) a benefit of sustained CS practice for CI children for the intelligibility of nasal–oral segments, (b) privileged exploitation of temporal (segmental duration) and salient acoustic cues (oropharyngeal configuration) in the CS+ group, and (c) difficulties among children with CI in distinguishing nasal–oral segments through nasal resonance.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27744768
Interprofessional Practice in the Schools for Students With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Macauley Beth L.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

This clinical focus article discusses the roles and responsibilities of professionals involved in the support of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the public schools. Application of each profession, including speech-language pathology, to children at different ages is explored. Two case studies, with example Individualized Education Program goals, are used to highlight the integration of the interprofessional team in caring for the child with TBI.

Conclusions:

The interprofessional team is instrumental in helping a child with TBI be successful in the public school. Each discipline shares their expertise with the others to provide an integrated plan specific to the child. This plan provides treatment, support, and what the child needs to learn and grow. Difficulties arise when a discipline is not part of the team, the team has poor communication, and there is a gap between the medical team, the school team, and the family/caregivers. Early identification and management of children with TBI, tailored educational plans, and sustained collaboration throughout the child's schooling are associated with improved educational outcomes.
Multi‐level interval rolling warning method for distributed photovoltaic fluctuation events
Authors: Zhang Yumin , Qi Yunrui , Ye Pingfeng , Li Zhengmao , Yang Jiajia , Ji Xingquan
Published: November 2024

The power fluctuation of distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems significantly impacts the balance of the power system, leading to risks like PV curtailment and load shedding. This paper proposes a multi‐level rolling warning method for distributed PV power fluctuation (DPPF) based on interval analysis, aiming to establish a framework for proactively mitigating the potential adverse effects of fluctuations in distributed PV systems. Firstly, the power control mechanism to deal with DPPF is clarified, and warning levels are defined to determine the range of fluctuations that can be controlled by different power control measures. Secondly, based on the probability density of DPPF, the probabilities of each warning level are obtained by integrating the probability densities within each warning range. Finally, the differences in the forecasting accuracy of PV power fluctuations at different time scales are analysed, and the rolling warning of DPPF is achieved by periodically updating PV power output to adjust the warning results. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method identifies the thresholds for each warning range and provides warnings for different system operating conditions and PV power fluctuation events, confirming its effectiveness and applicability.
An enhanced YOLOv8‐based bolt detection algorithm for transmission line
Authors: Hua Guoxiang , Zhang Huai , Huang Chen , Pan Moji , Yan Jiyuan , Zhao Haisen
Published: November 2024

The current bolt detection for overhead work robots used for transmission lines faces the problems of lightweight algorithms and high accuracy of target detection. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a lightweight bolt detection algorithm based on improved YOLOv8 (you only look once v8) model. Firstly, the C2f module in the feature extraction network is integrated with the self‐calibrated convolution module, and the model is streamlined by reducing spatial and channel redundancies of the network through the SRU and CUR mechanisms in the module. Secondly, the P2 small object detection layer is introduced into the neck structure and the BiFPN network structure is incorporated to enhance the bidirectional connection paths, thereby promoting the upward and downward propagation of features. It improves the accuracy of the network for bolt‐small target detection. The experimental results show that, compared to the original YOLOv8 model, the proposed algorithm demonstrates superior performance on a self‐collected dataset. The mAP accuracy is improved in this paper by 9.9%, while the number of model parameters and the model size is reduced by 0.973 × 106 and 1.7  MB, respectively. The improved algorithm improves the accuracy of the bolt detection while reducing the computation complexity to achieve more lightweight model.
RGB to hyperspectral: Spectral reconstruction for enhanced surgical imaging
Authors: Czempiel Tobias , Roddan Alfie , Leiloglou Maria , Hu Zepeng , O'Neill Kevin , Anichini Giulio , Stoyanov Danail , Elson Daniel
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the reconstruction of hyperspectral signatures from RGB data to enhance surgical imaging, utilizing the publicly available HeiPorSPECTRAL dataset from porcine surgery and an in‐house neurosurgery dataset. Various architectures based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformer models are evaluated using comprehensive metrics. Transformer models exhibit superior performance in terms of RMSE, SAM, PSNR and SSIM by effectively integrating spatial information to predict accurate spectral profiles, encompassing both visible and extended spectral ranges. Qualitative assessments demonstrate the capability to predict spectral profiles critical for informed surgical decision‐making during procedures. Challenges associated with capturing both the visible and extended hyperspectral ranges are highlighted using the MAE, emphasizing the complexities involved. The findings open up the new research direction of hyperspectral reconstruction for surgical applications and clinical use cases in real‐time surgical environments.
k‐wise multi‐graph matching
Authors: Zhu Xinwen , Zhu Liangliang , Geng Xiurui
Published: November 2024

Multi‐graph matching (MGM), which aims to find correspondences among multiple graphs, is an extension of conventional two‐graph matching. Existing MGM methods fall into two categories: pairwise based and tensor based. Pairwise‐based methods consider similarities between every two features; while tensor‐based methods consider the overall similarity among all features, offering much more flexibility similarity measurements and less information loss, but at the cost of exorbitant computational demands. Here, a fresh perspective on MGM task is delivered, that is, matching based on any k features. It enables the consideration of more complex affinity relationship beyond pairwise while keeping computational demands within a manageable threshold. Furthermore, a factorization technique for the k‐wise global affinity matrix is proposed, significantly reducing space complexity. This approach unifies existing MGM methods and inspires future research focusing on k‐wise affinity relationship, showcasing both theoretical and practical advancements in the field. Experiments on synthetic and real‐world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our method.
Navigating uncertainty with cybernetics principles: A scoping review of interdisciplinary resilience strategies for rail systems
Authors: Cotet Corneliu , Kawalek Peter , Jackson Thomas
Published: November 2024

Common difficulties across industries are discovered in data management, where handling the volume, variety, and quality of data is crucial for informed decisions in uncertain environments. In this context, rail management must navigate complex decision‐making to ensure safety, service continuity, and cost‐effectiveness. The 2020 Stonehaven derailment is an example of the increasing vulnerability of rail infrastructure to environmental factors and systemic failures. It emphasizes the need for resilient systems, proficient at preventative maintenance and adaptable to escalating challenges. These matters further accentuate the need for context‐dependent strategies that bridge theoretical insights and practical applications. This scoping review explores strategies for decision‐making under uncertainty across sectors such as civil infrastructure, agriculture, water management, and emergency response. It unfolds a selection of procedures addressing the impacts of extreme weather and other unexpected disruptions. It also sets a foundation for future research to support rail infrastructure adaptation to climate change by advocating the use of cybernetic principles and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance decision‐making processes. Cybernetics enables collaborative human‐AI methods, improving adaptability and resilience. However, balancing and incorporating diverse stakeholder viewpoints into decision chains remains difficult. While promising, substantial research and system improvements are needed to fully harness the potential of AI.
Voltage partial compensation strategy based on SA‐PSO algorithm for hybrid distributed transformers
Authors: Ma Ming , Zhuo Fang , Du Wanlin
Published: November 2024

Hybrid distributed transformers(HDT) play a good role in solving the problem of voltage fluctuation and asymmetry on the low‐voltage side. However, when the load voltage fluctuates, if the load voltage is fully compensated to meet the condition that the load voltage is equal to the rated voltage, HDT requires a larger compensation capacity and higher design cost. The output capacity of HDT is affected by multiple degrees of freedom, and the optimal output capacity cannot be obtained according to the traditional analytical formula. In order to obtain the optimal output capacity of HDT, this paper proposes a HDT voltage partial compensation strategy based on the SA‐PSO algorithm. By analysing the relationship between load and voltage regulation adjustment, the optimal working point is found by the SA‐PSO optimization algorithm. The proposed compensation strategy reduces the compensation capacity required by HDT, thereby reducing the design cost. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed voltage partial compensation strategy.
Mechanism analysis on a type of limit induced oscillation for single‐machine infinite‐bus system of PMSG with positive damping
Authors: Wang Yuntao , Zhang Zhe , Feng Yuchen , Xue Ancheng
Published: November 2024

The mechanism of oscillations that occur in the system connected to renewable energy sources is complex, generally including negative damping oscillation, limit induced oscillation etc. Combining with the dynamic characteristics of the low‐dimensional system after limit working, this paper analyses the mechanism of a type of limit induced oscillation that occurs when the output of the DC voltage outer loop continuously touches the limit for single‐machine infinite‐bus system of permanent magnet synchronous generator with positive damping under a large disturbance. Specific study as follows: firstly, a non‐smooth state space model of single‐machine infinite‐bus system of permanent magnet synchronous generator with nonlinear state limit (clarified as a Filippov system) is established. Secondly, the small disturbance characteristics of the system are analysed when the limit does not work. Thirdly, the piecewise dynamic description of the system is analysed with the limit working, and the reason that the final contraction of the system to an eight‐dimensional manifold is explained based on mathematical derivation and physical characteristics. Finally, the characteristics of equilibrium point of the system in a low‐dimensional manifold are analysed when the limit continuously working, revealing that the existence of a pair of conjugate unstable eigenvalues in the low‐dimensional system is the reason of system oscillation.
Identification of co‐localised transcription factors based on paired motifs analysis
Authors: Liu Li , Han Lu , Han Kaiyuan , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Haojiang , Zhang Lirong
Published: November 2024

The interaction of transcription factors (TFs) with DNA precisely regulates gene transcription. In mammalian cells, thousands of TFs often interact with DNA cis‐regulatory elements in a combinatorial manner rather than act alone. The identification of cooperativity between TFs can help to explore the mechanism of transcriptional regulation. However, little is known about the cooperative patterns of TFs in the genome. To identify which TFs prefer co‐localisation, the authors conducted a paired motif analysis in the accessible regions of the human genome based on the Poisson background model. Especially, the authors distinguish the cooperative binding TFs and the competitive binding TFs according to the distance between TF motifs. In the K562 cell line, the authors find that TFs from a same family are always competing the same binding sites, such as FOS_JUN family, whereas KLF family TFs show significant cooperative binding in the adjacency region. Furthermore, the comparative analysis across 16 human cell lines indicates that most TF combination patterns are conserved, but there are still some cell‐line‐specific patterns. Finally, in human prostate cancer cells (PC‐3) and human prostate normal cells (RWPE‐2), the authors investigate the specific TF combination patterns in the disease cell and normal cell. The results show that the cooperative binding TF pairs shared by PC‐3 and RWPE‐2 account for over 90%. Simultaneously, the authors also identify 26 specific TF combination pairs in PC‐3 cancer cells.
Study of late-time ultraviolet emission in core collapse supernovae and its implications for the peculiar transient AT2018cow
Authors: Inkenhaag Anne , Jonker Peter G. , Levan Andrew J. , Fraser Morgan , Lyman Joseph D. , Galbany Lluís , Kuncarayakti Hanindyo
Published: November 2024

Context. Over time, core-collapse supernova (CCSN) spectra become redder due to dust formation and cooling of the SN ejecta. An ultraviolet (UV) detection of a CCSN at late times will thus indicate an additional physical process, such as an interaction between the SN ejecta and the circumstellar material, or viewing down to the central engine of the explosion. Both of these models have been proposed to explain the peculiar transient AT2018cow, a luminous fast blue optical transient detected in the UV two to four years after the event, with only marginal fading over this time period.

Aims. To identify whether the late-time UV detection of AT2018cow could indicate that it is a CCSN, we investigate whether CCSNe are detectable in the UV between two and five years after the explosion. We determine how common late-time UV emission in CCSNe is and compare those CCSNe detected in the UV to the peculiar transient AT2018cow.

Methods. We used a sample of 51 nearby (z < 0.065) CCSNe observed with the Hubble Space Telescope within two to five years of discovery. We measured their brightness or determined an upper limit on the emission through an artificial star experiment in cases of no detection.

Results. For two CCSNe, we detected a point source within the uncertainty region of the SN position. Both have a low chance alignment probability with bright objects within their host galaxies. Therefore, they are likely to be related to their SNe, which are both known to be interacting SNe.

Conclusions. Comparing the absolute UV magnitude of AT2018cow at late times to the absolute UV magnitudes of the two potential SN detections, there is no evidence that a late-time UV detection of AT2018cow is atypical for interacting SNe. However, when limiting the sample to CCSNe closer than AT2018cow, we see that it is brighter than the upper limits on most CCSN non-detections. Combined with a very small late time photospheric radius of AT2018cow, this leads us to conclude that the late-time UV detection of AT2018cow was not driven by interaction. Instead, it suggests that we are possibly viewing the inner region of the explosion that is perhaps due to the long-lived presence of an accretion disc. Such properties are naturally expected in tidal disruption models and are less straightforward (though not impossible) in SN scenarios.
Constraints on the history of Galactic spiral arms revealed by Gaia GSP-Spec α-elements
Authors: Barbillon M. , Recio-Blanco A. , Poggio E. , Palicio P. A. , Spitoni E. , de Laverny P. , Cescutti G.
Published: November 2024

Context. The distribution of chemical elements in the Galactic disc can reveal fundamental clues on the physical processes that led to the current configuration of our Galaxy.

Aims. We aim to map chemical azimuthal variations in the Galactic disc using individual stellar chemical abundances, such as those of calcium and magnesium, and we discuss their possible connection with the spiral arms and other perturbing mechanisms.

Methods. Taking advantage of Gaia Data Release 3, we mapped [Ca/Fe] and [Mg/Fe] fluctuations in a region of about 4 kpc around the Sun using different samples of bright giant stars. We implemented a kernel density estimator technique to enhance the chemical inhomogeneities.

Results. We observed clear radial gradients and azimuthal fluctuations in the maps of α elements with respect to iron abundances for young (⪅150 Myr) and old (⪆2 Gyr) stellar populations, whose amplitudes depend on the considered chemical species. In the young population, stars within the spiral arms (mostly the Sagittarius-Carina arm and the upper part of the Local arm) are globally more metal-rich and calcium-rich (~0–0.19 dex) but more [Ca/Fe]-poor (~0.06 dex) and [Mg/Fe]-poor (~0.05 dex) than the stars in the inter-arm regions. This indicates higher enhancements in iron than in α elements within the spiral arms. This depletion in [α/Fe] is discussed in the context of different theoretical scenarios, and we compare it quantitatively to a 2D chemical evolution model that accounts for multiple spiral arm patterns. Interestingly, the [Ca/Fe] maps of the old population sample present clear deficiencies along a segment of the Local arm as traced by young populations. We caution that for this old sample, the quality of the obtained maps might be limited along a specific line of sight by the impact of the Gaia scanning law.

Conclusions. Our understanding of the chemical evolution of the disc changes from a simplistic 1D radial view to a more complete 2D perspective that combines radial and azimuthal trends and small-scale variations. This study has confirmed the importance of using individual chemical diagnostics as tracers of the spiral arms in disc galaxies. We suggest that the observed α-abundances should be accounted for by models and simulations when the spiral arm lifetimes are addresed.
Triggered and dispersed under feedback of super HII region W4
Authors: Shen Hailiang , Esimbek Jarken , Henkel Christian , Li Dalei , Zhou Jianjun , He Yuxin , Tang Xindi , Wu Gang , Komesh Toktarkhan , Tursun Kadirya , Zhou Dongdong , Ma Yingxiu , Sailanbek Serikbek , Berdikhan Dilda
Published: November 2024

The W3/4 Giant Molecular Cloud (GMC) was an ideal target to study the impact of HII regions onto the surrounding molecular gas and star formation. We utilized PMO CO (1−0) data from the Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) survey to analyze the cloud structure and the feedback effect from the W4 HII region. Our observations showed that cold gas, traced by CO, mainly resided in the W3 GMC, with C18O concentrated in dense regions, while gas around W4 was dispersed. The 13CO position-position-velocity (PPV) distributions revealed a “C” shaped structure in the W3 cloud with more redshifted gas at higher galactic longitudes. A high density layer (HDL) region on the eastern side of the W3 region exhibited a flattened structure facing W4. Subdividing the area into 16 subregions, we found that regions 6–9 on the HDL layer exhibited the strongest radiation, while clouds at the W4 bubble boundary not facing W3 exhibited weak signals, possibly due to star formation triggering and subsequent molecular gas dispersal by the HII region. Analysis along four paths from the W4 HII region to the far side showed a consistent trend of sharply increasing intensity followed by a slow decrease, indicating the gas was effectively eroded and heated by the photon dominated region (PDR) near the boundary of the HII region. Clump identification based on 13CO emission revealed 288 structures categorized as “bubble,” “HDL,” and “quiescent” clumps. Analysis of mass-radius and Virial-mass relationships showed a potential for high-mass star formation in 29.5% (85/288) of the clumps, with 39.2% (113/288) being gravitationally bound. HDL clumps exhibited distinct L/M and velocity dispersion, suggesting an earlier evolutionary stage and gravitational instability compared to quiescent and bubble clumps. Clump parameter differences provided evidence for triggered and dispersed effects of the W4 HII region on the HDL and bubble regions, respectively.
A simplified approach for reproducing fully relativistic spectra in X-ray binary systems: Application to Cygnus X-1
Authors: Papavasileiou Th. V. , Kosmas O. , Kosmas T. S.
Published: November 2024

Context. General relativistic effects are strong near the black hole of an X-ray binary and significantly impact the total energy released in the innermost accretion disk’s region. The simple pseudo-Newtonian solution in the standard disk model cannot replenish for effects such as light-bending, gravitational redshift, and Doppler boost. These can heavily affect the observed spectra depending on the rotation of the black hole and the disk’s inclination.

Aims. A proper relativistic treatment would be troublesome, unappealing, or require more advanced computational tools (e.g., the kerrbb code). Our goal is to fully incorporate the black hole’s spin and all the general relativistic effects on the observed spectra coming from X-ray binary systems while maintaining the simplicity of the standard Shakura-Sunyaev disk model.

Methods. We propose a way to replicate general relativistic spectra as predicted by the Novikov-Thorne model and the kerrbb numerical code by assuming a standard accretion disk with a shifted inner boundary that depends on the black hole spin and the source’s viewing angle. An essential aspect in employing this approach for a broader range of disk inclinations is the derivation of spin-dependent temperature profiles for the accretion disk, obtained from some of the most efficient pseudo-Newtonian potentials around Kerr black holes. We then applied this method to Cygnus X-1, fitting the observational data obtained during its soft and hard spectral states.

Results. The fully relativistic spectra are reproduced to an excellent approximation, with an error margin of 0.03–4%, by a standard disk model with a modified innermost radius within the range Rin = (0.2 − 2)RISCO, depending on the source’s viewing angle and black hole spin. This approach produces observed spectra as predicted by general relativity without the need for the ray-tracing method and complex numerical calculations. Thus, it emerges as a more straightforward alternative way of estimating black hole spins through the continuum-fitting method by successfully blending the general relativity properties with the Newtonian simplicity in a more complete way than the pseudo-Newtonian solutions. Relativistic effects near the black hole make an otherwise standard accretion disk with inclination θ < 60° seem truncated to larger radii to a distant observer. On the other hand, an edge-on view of the disk gives the perspective of being pulled closer to the central object than the respective innermost radius of the stable circular orbit. In addition, we show that the observational data of Cygnus X-1 can be satisfactorily fitted by employing a reasonably simple lepto-hadronic jet model and a hybrid thermal–nonthermal corona along with the relativistic-equivalent standard thin accretion disk.
Black hole-black hole mergers with and without an electromagnetic counterpart
Authors: Kummer F. , Toonen S. , Dorozsmai A. , Grishin E. , de Koter A.
Published: November 2024

Context. Triple stars are prevalent within the population of observed stars. Their evolution compared to binary systems is notably more complex and is influenced by unique dynamical, tidal, and mass transfer processes inherent in higher order multiples. Understanding these phenomena is essential for comprehensive insight into multistar evolution and the formation of energetic transients, including gravitational wave (GW) mergers.

Aims. Our study aims to probe the evolution of triple star systems when the tertiary component fills its Roche lobe and transfers mass to the inner binary. Specifically, we focus on the impact of tertiary mass transfer on the evolution of the inner orbit and investigate whether it could lead to the formation of GW sources with distinct properties.

Methods. To achieve this, we developed an analytical model that describes the evolution of the inner and outer orbits of hierarchical triples undergoing stable mass transfer from the tertiary component. We have publicly released this model as a python package on Zenodo. Utilising population synthesis simulations, we investigated triples with a Roche-lobe filling tertiary star and an inner binary black hole (BBH). These systems stem from inner binaries experiencing chemically homogeneous evolution (CHE). Our analysis encompasses two distinct populations with metallicities of Z = 0.005 and Z = 0.0005, focusing on primary components in the inner binary with initial masses ranging from 20–100 M⊙ and inner and outer orbital separations of up to 40 R⊙ and 105 R⊙, respectively, targeting the parameter space where chemically homogeneous evolution is anticipated.

Results. Our results indicate that for the systems we studied, the mass transfer phase predominantly leads to orbital shrinkage of the inner binary and evolution towards non-zero eccentricities and is accompanied by an expansion of the outer orbit. In the systems where the inner binary components evolve in a chemically homogeneous manner, 9.5% result in mass transfer from the tertiary onto an inner BBH. Within this subset, we predict a high formation efficiency of GW mergers ranging from 85.1–100% at Z = 0.005 and 100% at Z = 0.0005 with short delay times, partly attributable to the mass transfer phase. Owing to the rarity of triples with a CHE inner binary in the stellar population, we project local merger rates in the range of 0.69–1.74 Gpc−3 yr−1. Of the prospected BBH mergers that enter the LISA and aLIGO frequency band due to GW emission, a fraction is still accreting gas from the tertiary star. This could produce a strong electromagnetic (EM) counterpart to the GW source and maintain high eccentricities as the system enters the frequency range detectable by GW detectors. The occurrence of EM signals accompanying mergers varies significantly depending on model assumptions, with fractions ranging from less than 0.03% to as high as 46.8% of all mergers if the formation of a circumbinary disc is allowed.
Near-Earth stream decoherence revisited: the limits of orbital similarity
Authors: Shober P. M. , Courtot A. , Vaubaillon J.
Published: November 2024

Context. Orbital similarity measures, such as the D values, have been extensively used in meteor science to identify meteoroid streams and associate meteorite falls with near-Earth objects (NEOs). However, the chaotic nature of near-Earth space challenges the long-term reliability of these measures for stream identification, and the increasing size of our fireball, meteorite fall, and NEO databases make random associations more common. Despite this, many researchers erroneously continue to use orbital similarity beyond its inherent limits.

Aims. We aim to assess the statistical significance of using orbital similarity measures for identifying streams of meteoroids or asteroids and explore the implications of chaotic dynamics on the long-term coherence of these streams.

Methods. We employed a kernel density estimation (KDE) based method to evaluate the statistical significance of orbital similarities within different datasets. Additionally, we conducted a Lyapunov characteristic lifetime analysis and simulated 300 fictitious meteoroid streams to estimate the decoherence lifetimes in near-Earth space. The orbital similarity was determined using the DSH, D′, and DH orbital similarity discriminants. Clustering analysis relied on a density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) algorithm.

Results. Our analysis found no statistically significant streams within the meteorite fall, fireball, or USG impact datasets, with orbital similarities consistent with random associations. Conversely, 12 statistically significant clusters were identified within the NEO population, likely resulting from tidal disruption events. The Lyapunov lifetime analysis revealed short characteristic lifetimes (60–200 years) for orbits in near-Earth space, emphasizing the rapid divergence of initially similar orbits. Meteoroid stream decoherence lifetimes ranged from 104 to 105 years, aligning with previous studies and underscoring the transient nature of such streams.

Conclusions. The rapid decoherence of meteoroid streams and the chaotic dynamics of near-Earth orbits suggest that no reported stream or NEO associations of meteorites or fireballs are statistically significant according to orbital similarity functions. Many are likely coincidental rather than indicative of a true physical link. However, several statistically significant clusters found within the NEO population are consistent with a tidal disruption formation. This contrast and lack of statistically significant associations amongst the impact datasets is likely due to the fireball databases being 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the NEO database and the higher intrinsic uncertainties of fireball observation derived orbits.
Disparate effects of circumgalactic medium angular momentum in IllustrisTNG and SIMBA
Authors: Liu Kexin , Guo Hong , Wang Sen , Xu Dandan , Lu Shengdong , Cui Weiguang , Davé Romeel
Published: November 2024

In this study, we examine the role of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) angular momentum (jCGM) on star formation in galaxies, whose influence is currently not well understood. The analysis utilises central galaxies from two hydrodynamical simulations, SIMBA and IllustrisTNG. We observe a substantial divergence in how star formation rates correlate with CGM angular momentum between the two simulations. Specifically, quenched galaxies in IllustrisTNG show higher jCGM than their star-forming counterparts with similar stellar masses, while the reverse is true in SIMBA. This difference is attributed to the distinct active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback mechanisms active in each simulation. Moreover, both simulations demonstrate similar correlations between jCGM and environmental angular momentum (jEnv) in star-forming galaxies, but these correlations change notably when kinetic AGN feedback is present. In IllustrisTNG, quenched galaxies consistently show higher jCGM compared to their star-forming counterparts with the same jEnv, a trend not seen in SIMBA. Examining different AGN feedback models in SIMBA, we further confirm that AGN feedback significantly influences the CGM gas distribution, although the relationship between the cold gas fraction and the star formation rate (SFR) remains largely stable across different feedback scenarios.
Free Fasciocutaneous versus Muscle Flaps in Lower Extremity Reconstruction: Implications for Functionality and Quality of Life
Authors: List Emile B. , Hahn Brett A. , Qiu Shan S. , de Jong Tim , Rakhorst Hinne A. , Verheul Elfi M. , Maarse Wiesje , Coert J. Henk , Krijgh David D.
Published: November 2024

Background Free tissue transplantations are commonly used to treat complex lower extremity defects caused by trauma, vascular disease, or malignancy, particularly when vital structures are exposed. This study aimed to expand the knowledge on patient-reported outcomes by comparing fasciocutaneous and muscle flaps, with the goal of facilitating patient counseling. Additionally, patient-level risk factors associated with decreased functioning and health-related quality of life were identified.

Methods This retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study included patients who underwent microsurgical lower extremity reconstruction using free fasciocutaneous or muscle flaps between 2003 and 2021, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Data were collected from medical records, pain scores, Short-Form 36 (SF-36), and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS). Mean scores were compared between flap types and predictors of LEFS, SF-36 mental component summary (MCS), and SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) scores were determined using a backward stepwise regression model.

Results Of the 206 patients eligible, 100 (49%) were included in the retrospective part. A total of 89 (43%) responded to the questionnaires, with 62 treated using a fasciocutaneous flap and 27 with a muscle flap. No significant differences in total LEFS, SF-36 PCS, or MCS scores were found between the two flap type. Pain was a significant predictor of decreased functional outcomes for both flap types and was also linked to poorer mental health in patients treated with fasciocutaneous flaps. Other predictors of low patient-reported outcome scores included obesity, diabetes, poorer mental health, and a follow-up of less than 2 years.

Conclusion Patients treated with fasciocutaneous and muscle flaps experience comparable levels of functionality and quality of life after surgery. Flap selection should be based on defect characteristics, along with the surgeon's individual skills and preferences. A comprehensive approach that considers physical comorbidities, pain, and mental health is essential, as these factors significantly impact patient functionality and quality of life.
Bedside Utilization of Intestinal Pathology in Preterm Infants with Surgical Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Authors: Garg Padma P. , Weis Victoria G. , Shenberger Jeffrey , Weis Jared A. , McDonald Anna , Garg Parvesh M.
Published: November 2024

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most common conditions requiring emergency surgery in the neonatal intensive care unit and is associated with multiorgan dysfunction, multiple systemic morbidities, and mortality. The resected bowel commonly shows evidence of coagulative necrosis, inflammation, interstitial hemorrhages, and reparative changes on the pathology examination. The severity of these pathological abnormalities may correlate with the disease's severity and pace of progression and may assist in the prediction of clinical outcomes. This review presents current evidence about the clinical utility of intestinal pathology in bedside decision-making, accurate diagnosing, prediction of outcomes, and the prognostication of preterm infants with surgical NEC. Developing refined and validated noninvasive methods to diagnose the extent of bowel injury and monitoring tissue repair throughout disease progression is paramount to mitigate the long-term morbidities in preterm infants with surgical NEC. Improved imaging methods such as targeted bowel ultrasound capable of assessing the inflammation and necrosis in real time will greatly advance care and provide focus for the temporal framework of surgical interventions.

Key Points
Novel submucosal injection material comprising fully synthetic and self-assembling peptide solution in endoscopic submucosal dissection: A pilot study
Authors: Kasuga Kengo , Sato Keigo , Nakata Ko , Tanaka Hirohito , Hosaka Hiroko , Kuribayashi Shiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Uraoka Toshio
Published: November 2024

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) requires an injection solution to create a submucosal cushion for safe endoscopic resection. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of a new injection solution (PuraLift) in ESD for early-stage gastrointestinal tumors. This prospective, single-arm, single-center pilot study included 11 patients with gastrointestinal neoplasms of the stomach (n = 5) or colorectum (n = 6) who underwent ESD. All patients underwent outpatient follow-up at week 4 to confirm presence or absence of adverse events (AEs). All underwent protocol treatment and post-treatment follow-up. None of the AEs were judged to have a cause-and-effect relationship with the study. Questionnaires to the operators who performed the protocol treatment and assistants who performed submucosal injections were evaluated in comparison with saline, and maintenance of mucosal lifting was long, comparable, and short (9/2/0). En bloc and R0 resections were achieved in all patients without intraprocedural AEs. Median size of the specimens was 40 mm (range, 20–70). Median excision time was 52 minutes (range, 22–130). Median volume of PuraLift was 32 mL (range, 22–130). No postoperative bleeding or delayed perforation was observed in any patient. The novel injectable material, PuraLift, can potentially ensure safe and feasible ESD.
Technical outcomes between a drill dilator and ultra-tapered mechanical dilator during EUS-guided pancreaticogastrostomy: Comparative study
Authors: Ogura Takeshi , Ueno Saori , Okuda Atsushi , Nishioka Nobu , Sakamoto Jun , Matsuno Jun , Uba Yuki , Tomita Mitsuki , Hattori Nobuhiro , Nakamura Junichi , Bessho Kimi , Nishikawa Hiroki
Published: November 2024

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreaticogastrostomy (EUS-PGS) is performed for patients who have failed ERCP. Tract dilation is one of the challenging procedural steps during EUS-PGS. Recently, a bougie dilator, the drill dilator, has become available. With this device, tract dilation can be easily performed without pushback of the echoendoscope, allowing stable scope positioning to be achieved during tract dilation. However, comparative studies between ultra-tapered mechanical and drill dilators have not been reported. The aim of this study was to compare the technical outcomes of these dilation devices.

Symptomatic patients with main pancreatic duct (MPD) strictures from January 2021 to November 2023 were included in this retrospective study. The technical success rate of tract dilation was first evaluated. Overall technical success rate, procedure time, and adverse events were evaluated as secondary outcomes.

The technical success rate of initial device insertion into the MPD was higher with the Tornus ES (100%, 12/12) compared with the ES dilator (60%, 9/15) (P=0.013). Additional tract dilation rate to deploy the stent was needed in 86.7% (13/15) in the ES dilator group, and 8.3% (1/12) in the Tornus group (P=0.001) and the overall technical success rate in the Tornus ES group was 100% (12/12). Mean procedure time was shorter in the Tornus ES group (13.38±3.80 min) compared with the ES dilator group (21.40±1.54 min) (P=0.0013).

In conclusion, Tornus ES might be considered as the initial dilation device during EUS-PGS.