bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Karakteristik Vegetasi Mangrove dan Pemanfaatannya: Studi Kasus di Seram Timur, Maluku
Authors: Suyadi Suyadi , Naroli Iwan , Sitepu Alvi Betmanto
Published: November 2021

Mangrove adalah ekosistem yang komplek dan memiliki banyak manfaatnya, namun ekosistem ini sangat rentan terhadap berbagai gangguan. Informasi tentang karaktersitik dan kondisi mangrove serta pemanfaatannya oleh masyarakat di kawasan timur Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini menerapkan GIS/Remote Sensing, transek, dan wawancara informal untuk mengungkap karakterisik mangrove dan pemanfaatannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa mangrove di lokasi penelitian merupakan ekosistem yang unik dengan luas total 3.998 ha (mean patches size: 4ha). Penelitian mencatat 18 jenis mangrove dengan species dominan yaitu Rhizophora apiculata (INP 228) dan Sonneratia alba (INP 225). Kondisi hutan mangrove masih relatif baik, namun di beberapa lokasi sudah mengalami kerusakan. Kerapatan pohon rata-rata 136 pohon ha-1 dan kerapatan seedling 960 pohon ha-1. Pemanfaatan mangrove masuk kedalam kategorikan pemanfaatan yang tidak ramah lingkungan seperti penebangan untuk kayu bakar untuk berbagai kebutuhan rumah tangga, industi rumahan pengasapan ikan, dan dijual. Diperlukan sistem pengelolaan mangrove yang efektif dan dukungan pemerintah dalam pemanfaatan potensi hutan mangrove secara berkelanjutan seperti ekowisata dan bioekonomi.
«Etiamsi Deus non daretur». Nominalismo medieval y secularización moderna
Authors: Carpintero Francisco
Published: November 2021

La secularizacion de la doctrina sobre la etica no fue resultado de las mentalidades protestantes, sino obra de buena parte de los teologos catolicos de la Baja Edad Media. Aquellos hombres se encontraron ante la necesidad de luchar contra las doctrinas pelagianas y semipelagianas que, al no distinguir entre el mundo natural y el sobrenatural, con tanta facilidad conducian al panteismo. Esta labor (llamemosla apologetica) no fue realizada por los aristotelicos, sino por los que ahora llamamos nominalistas aunque, quiza mejor, sea llamarlos nominales. Su solucion consistio en separar severamente el mundo natural del sobrenatural, de modo que lo natural, incluida la ley natural, en cuanto que natural, es parte de lo que ya esta o existe, del mismo modo que el resto de la naturaleza, y su observancia carece de relevancia propiamente moral.

Momentáneamente se apartaron de Pelagio, pero contribuyeron a difundir la idea de una ética natural que existiría al margen de la Teología y que tendría una vigencia solamente ‘racional’.
La singularidad jurídica y el retorno del filósofo-rey: potenciales consecuencias para el imperio de la ley y la democracia
Authors: Crego Jorge
Published: November 2021

La aplicacion del machine learning al derecho transformaria los actuales ordenamientos juridicos basados en el imperio de la ley. El resultado seria la ≪singularidad juridica≫: un orden basado en normas ≪adaptadas con precision, especificando el comportamiento exacto que se permite en cada situacion≫. Segun sus proponentes, esto promoveria la justicia material y la certeza juridica. A traves de la comparacion con la propuesta del filosofo-rey desarrollada por Platon, el presente trabajo trata de defender que, incluso aunque se promoviesen los valores indicados, la opacidad inherente a los sistemas de machine learning dificultaria el escrutinio publico del orden normativo resultante, afectando a su legitimidad. Por tanto, las comunidades politicas actuales deben deliberar sobre los beneficios e inconvenientes de la singularidad juridica y reflexionar acerca de la aplicacion de la inteligencia artificial en el ambito juridico.
La tolerancia como virtud democrática. Galdós desde una perspectiva actual
Authors: Fernández-García Eusebio
Published: November 2021

El trabajo pretende dos objetivos: A) Analizar la tolerancia como virtud publica en una sociedad abierta y democratica. Esto hace necesario preguntarse por su justificacion, su funcion en las sociedades actuales y sus limites. Tambien se hace la distincion entre dos tipos de tolerancia: la tolerancia negativa, que equivaldria a soportar pensamientos, opiniones o conductas con las que se esta en desacuerdo, incluso que se rechazan de manera radical, y la tolerancia positiva, que a partir del desacuerdo intentaria comprender las posturas contrarias, poniendose en lugar del otro. B) Estudiar la aportacion a la idea de tolerancia que podemos encontrar en algunas de las novelas de Benito Perez Galdos publicadas a finales de los anos setenta del siglo XIX. Galdos es un observador genial de la sociedad de su tiempo y un creador inagotable de personajes. Su literatura tiene, ademas, una vocacion pedagogica evidente que puede completarse con su compromiso en la politica activa espanola de la epoca cuando lo considero oportuno. La tesis que se quiere mantener en el trabajo es que, con frecuencia, la imaginacion literaria crea la moral social y la vision y valoracion de la conducta humana que mas tarde es objeto de reflexion por los filosofos y de regulacion por parte de los legisladores. Es decir, Galdos al describir situaciones de intolerancia en sus personajes literarios nos esta obligando a pensar sobre los beneficios de la tolerancia y los perjuicios de la intolerancia. Como ejemplo de la practica de la tolerancia positiva se senala la interesante y enriquecedora amistad entre el tradicionalista Jose Maria Pereda, el conservador Marcelino Menendez Pelayo y el liberal Benito Perez Galdos.
Razón, política y derecho en el pensamiento filosófico-práctico de Josep Ratzinger
Authors: Massini-Correas Carlos-I.
Published: November 2021

En el presente trabajo se combinan la sólida y valiente defensa de la razón humana realizada en varios lugares por Joseph Ratzinger, con su aplicación al campo de la regulación y valoración de la praxis humana, en especial al derecho, la política y la economía. Finalmente, se realiza una valoración de las ideas de Ratzinger en esos aspectos y una defensa de sus conclusiones.
A Factor Analysis of the Impact of Digitalisation on the Banking Industry
Authors: Druhova Vira , Hirna Oleksandra , Fostyak Vira
Published: November 2021

Objective: This paper examines the impact of digitalisation on the banking industry. Research done to date in the field has led to conclusions mainly in favour of digitalisation. Foremost among the positive arguments is that the quality of banking is improved, with customer service sped up; internal business processes are optimised; and the profitability and efficiency of banking are both boosted. We questioned these arguments and used factor analysis to examine the relationship between profitability, the share of problem bank loans and online payments in 87 countries.Research Design & Methods: Factor analysis, used to determine the correlation between different variables; retrospective analysis, which made it possible to analyse the data taking into account the factor of time; a systematic approach to identifying problem areas and drawing conclusions from the study.Findings: The results of the study showed digitalisation to have a negative impact on the indicators of banking activity analysed. Countries with a higher level of Internet use for payments have lower returns on banking assets and have a higher share of problem assets in their portfolios. Analysing data from 2014, we found the year to be somewhat of a turning point for banking. Banks were not as fully engaged with digital technologies and innovations. As a result, fintech companies quickly competed with banks and gained market share. Data from 2017 show a decrease in the impact of the share of payments made via the Internet on the return on bank assets. However, a comparison of 2014 and 2017 showed, on the contrary, a worsening of the impact of the relationships between the share of online payments and the quality of banks’ loan portfolios. Thus, in countries with a higher level of Internet use for payments, the riskiness of the banking business increases.Implications / Recommendations: It is therefore appropriate for banks to use digital technologies not only to increase sales and improve the quality of customer service but also to improve scoring and financial monitoring systems. Innovative AI and big data systems and customer identification allow for a better assessment of the borrower’s creditworthiness and potential risks. Attention should likewise be paid to improving the population’s financial literacy. Banks must also take responsibility for educating their customers through digital technology. Chatbots, which are now used primarily to increase sales and advise customers, can serve as a training format and draw attention to customers’ typical financial mistakes. In addition, chatbots can provide advice to customers on the profitable investment of free funds.Contribution: Digitalisation provides banks with considerable opportunities, while at the same time creating risks banks have not yet learned to deal with.
Enterprise Credit Position and the Risk of Bankruptcy
Authors: Kowalik Małgorzata
Published: November 2021

Objective: This article discusses financial liquidity management in the context of enterprise bankruptcy. It looks at the basic causes leading to the bankruptcy of enterprises, including their credit position and how it changed in enterprises that have gone bankrupt.Research Design & Methods: The research methods were the study of the subject literature and the analysis of financial statements and reports of companies that had declared bankruptcy. The companies belonged to different sectors.Findings: Research findings confirmed the following hypothesis: in the time preceding the declaration of bankruptcy, the entity tends to be the recipient of trade credit.Implications / Recommendations: Drawn on the basis of evidence in the literature and empirical research, the conclusions for selected enterprises indicated that problems regarding the maintenance of financial liquidity, illustrated by the credit position, were an important reason bankruptcy was declared.Contribution: The research conducted in this article takes its spot among other analyses of the causes of corporate bankruptcy, which are common in the literature.
Praca w systemie home office w opinii wybranej grupy menedżerów – słuchaczy studiów MBA
Authors: Moczydłowska Joanna M.
Published: November 2021

Objective: Examining managers’ attitudes towards remote work.Research Design & Methods: Literature analysis, FGI.Findings: Managers are aware of the benefits and risks of working in a home office model. They emphasise the difficult situation of parents whose children are being educated online and employees with low skills in using new technologies. The benefits of working remotely are significant and clearly outweigh the potential risks.Implications / Recommendations: Managers are aware of the benefits and risks of working in a home office model. After the COVID-19 pandemic ends, remote work will be used on a much larger scale than it was before the pandemic. In e-work conditions, managerial competences become more important: communication skills, building relationships based on trust, and the ability to plan and organise work.Contribution: Deepening and actualising knowledge of home office work through an examination of managers’ attitudes towards this form of work.
Ocena przydatności szkoleń i transferu ich efektów na przykładzie banków
Authors: Andrzejczak Aldona
Published: November 2021

Objective: To examine to what extent knowledge and skills acquired during workplace training (the level of training transfer) are used and the factors differentiating the level of training transfer at banks in Poland.Research Design & Methods: Classification trees were used to analyse data from 1,793 surveys of bank employees obtained as part of wider research.Findings: A high level of training transfer was found overall, though the level was higher in cooperative banks than in commercial ones. Among the remaining factors differentiating the level of transfer, the most important were: the department of work (front / back office), gender, seniority in banking and education type of education. Strong relationship was also found between the level of training transfer and the general assessment of its usefulness.Implications / Recommendations: Training at banks is widely available and highly effective, but a quarter of training participants do not change anything in their work when using it. Some employee groups stand out for effectively transferring their training results. Employees that are highly motivated to improve their competencies have a high level of transfer (women with a shorter period of service, employees without an education in economics / finance, and those employed in operating units).Contribution: The paper demonstrates that using the level of transfer measurement as a competitive method versus the Kirpatrick model is effective.
Valuation of angiogenesis in bovine xenografts implanted in intracorporal sites of rabbits as models of in-vivo bioreactors
Authors: Montanhim G.L. , Silva M.T.S. , Conceição M.E.B.A.M. , Rocha T.S. , Yamashiro L.M. , Ribeiro J.O. , Hataka A. , Moreira P.R.R. , Minto B.W. , Dias L.G.G.G. , Moraes P.C.
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate neovascularization of bovine xenografts implanted in intracorporeal sites of rabbits (bioreactors). 30 rabbits were used, divided into 6 groups, according to the evaluation time (7, 15, 30, 45, and 60 days); each animal received xenogenic implants in 3 different intracorporeal sites (A1 - omentum bag; A2 - intermuscular space of quadriceps femoris; A3 - subperiosteal of ilium bone). Histological assessments graded the presence of angiogenesis, the number of inflammatory cells, newly formed bone tissue, and the presence of giant cells. Histological analyses showed intense angiogenesis in all implanted xenografts. Presence of inflammatory infiltrate and giant cells at the A1 implant site and presence of bone neoformation at the A3 implant site were noted. Degeneration of implants and formation of a fibrous capsule were noted. When comparing the interaction of the site with the days of evaluation, statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p≤0.05) in any time of neovascularization analysis. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammatory cells of the omentum in its structure, may have contributed to the greater presence of neovessels and inflammatory cells, a fact that may indicate functionality as a possible bone substitute.
Tecnologias de eletricidade limpa podem resolver a crise climática
Authors: Chaves Alaor S.
Published: November 2021

Enquanto o aquecimento global avança e começa a mostrar o quão dramático pode ser, um fato novo traz boa esperança. O custo tanto da eletricidade fotovoltaica quanto da eólica está caindo em ritmo muito rápido. Este é um muito oportuno exemplo do efeito do aprendizado na produção de bens. Enquanto a experiência avança, o custo de produção de cada unidade do referido produto decresce. Quantitativamente, esse fenômeno é descrito pela lei de Wright, que diz: cada vez que a produção acumulada de um produto dobra, o custo de cada unidade cai por fator fixo e especifico do produto. O efeito é mais perceptível em bens de produção comercial recente, como é o caso tanto de painéis solares quanto de usinas de eletricidade eólica. Eletricidade produzida tanto pela luz solar quanto pela força do vento já é mais barata do que a de usinas movidas por combustíveis fósseis, e seu preço continua a cair em ritmo incrível. É razoável prever que a neutralidade de carbono seja alcançada mais cedo do que o prometido pelos governos. O Brasil, intensamente ensolarado e com grande potencial eólico, vem explorando, embora com certo atraso, esses recursos para tornar sua eletricidade ainda mais limpa.
Reasons and implications of retracted articles in Brazil
Authors: SANTOS-D’AMORIM Karen , CORREIA Anna Elizabeth Galvão Coutinho , MIRANDA Májory Karoline Fernandes de Oliveira , SANTA-CRUZ Petrus
Published: November 2021

Abstract Over the years, cases of retractions due to unintentional errors or research misconduct have been the subject of discussion, being indispensable to avoid the propagation of misleading information. To understand this matter in the Brazilian scenario, this study characterizes the retractions of authorship or co-authorship of Brazilian researchers between 2002 and 2019, their related consequences and impacts on scientific activity. With a data collection performed at the Retraction Watch database, we analyzed quantitative aspects of the reasons for retractions, stratification by areas of knowledge, the time between publication and retraction, the association of journals and impact factor, authors’ recidivism, the institutional collaboration between Brazilian institutions and countries and funding sources. The results of the analysis of 162 retractions indicate the prevalence of plagiarism (12.2%), the incidence of retracted articles in the Bioscience area (28.1%), in journals with Impact Factors between 2 and 5 (38.0%), and with 2 to 4 authors (38.8%). The occurrences and recurrences of retractions due to misconduct have an impact not only the author’s professional activity but science. Thus, this article emphasizes the importance of prompt retraction, as well as of the need to improve mechanisms to prevent these articles from being published from the start.
Digital Curation and Information Design in digital environments: women’s museums panorama
Authors: JORENTE Maria José Vicentini , SILVA Stephanie Cerqueira , PADUA Mariana Cantisani
Published: November 2021

Abstract Women’s museums take on significant functions for social discussions which, through preservation and access to the memory and culture of their collections, provide new habits and perspectives on objects constituted by structures of multiple languages on the Web. In this perspective, this study aims to understand how Digital Curation and Information Design in Information Science contribute to information presentation, access and sharing in these digital environments on the Web. The general objective was to contextualize the concepts and definitions of Digital Curation and Information Design to identify possible articulations for information organization and its presentation of women’s museums digital collections. The study is qualitative in nature and descriptive-exploratory. It consisted of a bibliographic review of the themes correlated with data collection in the scope of collections and digital environments of women’s museums, through information from the International Association of Women’s Museums and Patrimonio en Femenino. The results showed a low number of digital collections available and also the need for reflection on the methodology of planning and creating digital environments as a laboratorial process, continuous, in perpetual beta, iterative and in successive improvements. The study concluded that other dimensions of women’s memory preservation should be constituted to facilitate information access and sharing with the implementation of Digital Curation and Information Design resources for the construction of environments and, in them, their collections.
Snakes and Things: A Comic Exploration of Species through the COVID-19 Crisis
Authors: Matteo Gina
Published: November 2021

In  this  comic,  I  aim  to  unpack  human-animal  relationships  through  themes  of  body  and  space  and  provide  an  example  of  why  the  comics  form  is  especially  useful  when  understanding  these  topics.  In  this  comic,  I  aim  to  explore  questions  like:  Why  is  the  comics  form  pertinent  to  understanding  human-animal  relationships  today?  How  are  animal  bodies  and  identities  considered  living  beings  during  the  COVID-19  crisis?  How  are  their  bodies  constructed  and  dismantled  in  spaces  that  have  been  created  and  defined  by  the  COVID-19  crisis?  This  graphic  submission  aims  to  add  a  new intervention into the comics realm, explores how the comics form must be a considered approach in animal rights and spatial academia and offers a new lens in understanding how we can use comics as a method to approach body, space, and the COVID-19 crisis.
Mourning the Mamalith: A Graphic Response to Grief
Authors: Burdock Maureen
Published: November 2021

“I  love  you  so  much,”  are  the  last  words  I  said  to  my  mother  on  the  telephone  on  Valentine’s  Day,  just  a  few  days  before  she  died.  Our  love  was  as  complicated  as  it  was  deep.  My  mother’s  dogmatic  fundamentalism left little room for me, her queer only child. I have spent a lifetime unravelling a brutal family  history  that  caused  her  to  cling  to  religion,  to  love  Jesus  above  all  else,  including  family.  My  mother was born in Germany in 1938, violently displaced during partitioning in 1946, then abandoned in an orphanage for several years. Years later, she fled to the United States with me to escape an abusive marriage. My mother’s life and her death have prompted this graphic research. How can one develop a resilient sense of self and belonging despite traumatic origins? Is it possible to inhabit a new place and to make it one’s home without, however inadvertently, causing oppression and grief for those already living there? This piece serves as the Prologue to the graphic novel Queen of Snails: A Graphic Memoir (forthcoming November 2022), where I examine this tangled history in depth.
Red flags Disciplinary practices and 'school-to-prison' pathways in South Africa
Authors: Ally Nurina , Beere Robyn , Moult Kelley
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT Testing positive for drug use at school turned into a horror story for four learners, who were channelled into the criminal justice system by their school and detained for months under 'compulsory residence orders' at child and youth care facilities. This occurred even though the referral of children to the criminal justice system following a school-administered drug test is explicitly prohibited by legislation. S v L M & Others draws startling attention to the failure of school officials, prosecutors and magistrates to comply with legislation, and the devastating impacts that a direct 'school-to-prison' pipeline can have on children. The case also raises red flags around broader punitive and exclusionary school disciplinary mechanisms, which - even where lawful -may also adversely affect children and potentially contribute to school-to-prison pathways in South Africa. We argue that S v L M highlights the need for restorative and preventative approaches to school discipline, which can transform not only learners and schools but society more broadly.
Социально-экономические детерминанты детской и подростковой смертности от внешних причин в Москве
Authors: Ветрова Екатерина Дмитриевна
Published: November 2021

Детская и подростковая смертность в России превышает показатели стран-лидеров по ожидаемой продолжительности жизни. Существенный вклад в это вносит смертность от внешних причин. Опыт других стран показывает, что смертность от этого класса причин может быть значительно снижена при помощи мер социальной политики. В статье анализируется влияние социальных и экономических характеристик районов Москвы на смертность в них от внешних причин в детских и подростковых возрастных группах в 2016-2017 г. На основе данных Федеральной службы государственной статистики, ЦИАН, Базы данных показателей муниципальных образований, а также обезличенных данных ЗАГС Москвы были построены карты детской смертности Москвы и Tobit-модели оценки коэффициента смертности в зависимости от социальных характеристик района. Выявлено, что для младшей возрастной группы от 1 до 4 лет наиболее значимым фактором является присмотр родителей, для более старших групп 5-9 лет значимыми становятся показатели дохода и благополучия района. Для подростковых возрастов 10-15 лет помимо дохода значимыми являются уровень преступности в районе и уровень экономического неравенства.
The experience of living with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Percis P Khumalo , Mirriam Sebego , Cynthia Z Vilakati , Mildred SP Mkhabela , Tengetile R Mathunjwa-Dlamini
Published: November 2021

Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic complex diseases which affect the physiological, social and psychological aspects of life, interfering with the functional health status of clients. As a chronic disorder, diabetes mellitus is a lifelong condition. The purpose of the study was to explore experiences of people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Mbabane Government Hospital, Swaziland. The study utilized a qualitative exploratory design. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. The sample size of 12 participants was determined by data saturation. A thematic data analysis was used. The themes that emerged were physiological, psychological; socio-economic and self-management effects of living with diabetes mellitus. The study findings call for empowerment of people suffering from diabetes mellitus with knowledge and skills on self-management, prevention and early detection of complications.
Mowat-Wilson syndrome: literature review and case series
Authors: Bobylova M. Yu. , Kakaulina V. S. , Abramov M. O. , Mukhin K. Yu.
Published: November 2021

Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a combination of the following signs: 1) facial dysmorphism (wide nose, broad medial eyebrows, pronounced chin, and open mouth); 2) mental retardation; 3) abnormalities of internal organs (congenital heart defects, Hirschsprung's disease, hypospadias/cryptorchidism). The disease is associated with a heterozygous pathogenic mutation in the ZEB2 gene. More than 80 % of MWS patients are diagnosed with epilepsy, the onset of which is usually observed in infancy. Patents have focal motor seizures, atypical absence seizures, generalized convulsive seizures. Epileptic seizures are often triggered by fever; some children are resistant to therapy. MWS patients have a specific phenotype (blue eyes, fair hair, wide-based gait, frequent laughter, limited or absent expressive language) that requires differential diagnosis with Angelman syndrome (caused by a mutation in the UBE3A gene). MWS was described in 1998, but there have been no case reports in the Russian literature yet. We report 4 cases of MWS in children aged 2 to 13 years treated in the Svt. Luka's Institute of Neurology and Epilepsy. In all of these patients, we identified a heterozygous de novo deletion in the ZEB2 gene. Epilepsy was observed in all patients. Mean age at onset was 13 months. All children had focal motor seizures and atypical absence seizures. None of them had tonic-clonic seizures or status epilepticus. The analysis of electroencephalograms showed that patients with a lower index of epileptiform activity tend to have better development and vice versa: children with a high index of epileptiform activity during sleep had more severe developmental delay.
Features of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with AQP-4-positive neuromyelitis optica and MOG antibody disease
Authors: Avdeeva V. E. , Kotov A. S.
Published: November 2021

Background. As the amount of knowledge about multiple sclerosis increases, there is an interest in other forms of demyelinating diseases, among which neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) antibody disease can be distinguished.Objective: to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment, to assess the long-term outcome in patients with AQP-4-positive neuromyelitis optica and MOG antibody disease.Materials and methods. The study included 14 patients: children, adolescents, adults, and elderly (9 - female, 5 -male). The duration of catamnesis ranged from 1 year to 6 years.Results and discussion. Antibodies to AQP-4 were found in 5 patients, antibodies to MOG were found in 9 patients. 89 % of patients with MOG antibody disease had the number of antibodies to MOG less than 50 pg/ml, determined by the Sandwich-type ELISA method; therefore, multiple sclerosis cannot be excluded (considering the oligoclonal IgG type 2 in three patients). To clarify the diagnosis, antibodies to MOG must be tested by more specific method of live cell-based assay in these patients.Based on this group of patients, it can be assumed that the younger the patient was, the earlier the diagnosis was made and treatment started, the better was prognosis. The prognosis was more favorable in patients with AQP-4-positive neuromyelitis in whom the disease debuted with optic neuritis. Patients with MOG antibody disease had a more favorable prognosis if the disease debuted with a supratentorial brain lesion; less favorable - when oligoclonal IgG type 2 was detected. Gender had no influence on the outcome of the disease.Conclusion. Differential diagnosis of this diseases based on clinical data is practically impossible. The study was carried out in a small group, so it is difficult to translate the results to the population of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. During treatment, almost all patients show positive dynamics when using glucocorticosteroids, human immunoglobulin preparations. Plasmapheresis was ineffective in patients with AQP-4-positive neuromyelitis optica, in some patients with MOG antibody disease the positive effect was observed. Cytostatic therapy was effective in patients with AQP-4-positive neuromyelitis optica. B cell depletion therapy with rituximab was effective in patients with MOG antibody disease. Interferon preparations did not give a positive effect.
Clinical and genetic parallels in congenital brain lesions without epilepsy
Authors: Sokolov P. L. , Prityko A. G. , Chebanenko N. V. , Romanov P. A.
Published: November 2021

Background. The problem of preventing the development of gross congenital brain lesions and their successful treatment is more than relevant now. It is known that approximately in every third case of the development of congenital cerebral palsy (CP), it is impossible to identify the main pathogenetic factor. This determines the activity of the search for gene mechanisms for the formation of this phenotype. G. McMichael et al. were among the first to identify the most relevant directions of the influence of genes on the formation of the CP phenotype.Objective: to study the influence of gene determinants on the formation of the phenotype of CP, which is not accompanied by epilepsy.Materials and methods. Gene abnormalities in 18 patients with CP were divided into groups of determinable physiological processes. Genetic mutations were confirmed by next generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger trio methods. For the study, samples of the patients' venous blood were taken.Results and discussion. The analysis showed that genes from different groups by determinants are to varying degrees associated with the formation of the CP phenotype. The “map of determinants” in the pathogenesis of CP is specific. The pathogenesis involves genetically determined disorders of cell division and neuroontogenesis (neuronal migration, sprouting, myelination, partly apoptosis), cell metabolism, including those whose disturbance leads to the formation of storage diseases, transmembrane transport, the exchange of neurotransmitters and the functioning of synapses, the formation of and the functioning of the cytoskeleton, as well as the regulation of immunity and oncogenesis. Malformations of the brain are more often associated with determinants of the regulation of the formation and functioning of the cytoskeleton, neuroontogenesis, as well as the processes of cell division (chromatin modification, transcription, replication). The pathogenesis of congenital cerebral palsy does not involve (according to our data) the determinants of canalopathy, energy supply of the cell, intracellular synthesis with the Golgi complex, and ribosomal synthesis.Conclusions. Genetically determined CP is a universal phenotype that implements the multidirectional effect of the genome. The influence of the genome does not apply to the energy supply of the cell, ribosomal synthesis and the functioning of the Golgi complex. In the absence of epilepsy in the phenotype, there is no influence of the genes of canalopathies.
A Comparative Quantitative Assessment of Salivary Iga and Alpha Amylase in Caries Free and Caries Active Children
Authors: Ahmad Asib , Kumar Dipanshu , Singh Aparna , Anand Siddharth , Agarwal Nidhi , Ahmad Riyaz
Published: November 2021

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the salivary IgA (immunoglobulin A) and alpha amylase levels in the unstimulated whole saliva samples of caries-free and caries-active children and correlate it with the caries status and age. Study design: The salivary IgA and amylase was investigated in 100 children in the range of 8–12 years divided in two groups, control group (DMFT and/or deft = 0) and study group (DMFT/deft score ≥5). The salivary IgA was measured using kit based on two-site sandwich enzyme immunoassay principle and amylase was estimated using the vitro amyl slides. Results :The mean salivary IgA and amylase levels in the saliva of the children in the control group was found to be significantly increased (p=.001 and p=.014 respectively) whereas the relationship between salivary IgA and amylase levels in the saliva of the children was found to be insignificant with the age (p=.392 and p=.306 respectively). Conclusions: The results indicated that salivary IgA and amylase levels in saliva increased significantly in caries free children and the level of salivary IgA and alpha amylase has no significant relation with the age of the children.
Ceramides: Shared Lipid Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Schizophrenia
Authors: Tkachev Anna I. , Stekolshchikova Elena A. , Morozova Anna Yu. , Anikanov Nikolay A. , Zorkina Yana A. , Alekseyeva Polina N. , Khobta Elena B. , Andreyuk Denis S. , Zozulya Svetlana A. , Barkhatova Alexandra N. , Klyushnik Tatiana P. , Reznik Alexander M. , Kostyuk Georgiy P. , Khaitovich Philipp E.
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia, although a debilitating mental illness, greatly affects individuals physical health as well. One of the leading somatic comorbidities associated with schizophrenia is cardiovascular disease, which has been estimated to be one of the leading causes of excess mortality in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Although the shared susceptibility to schizophrenia and cardiovascular disease is well established, the mechanisms linking these two disorders are not well understood. Genetic studies have hinted toward shared lipid metabolism abnormalities co-occurring in the two disorders, while lipid compounds have emerged as prognostic markers for cardiovascular disease. In particular, three ceramide species in the blood plasma, Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1), have been robustly linked to the latter disorder.

AIM: We aimed to assess the differences in abundances of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) in the blood plasma of schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls.

METHODS: We measured the abundances of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) in a cohort of 82 patients with schizophrenia and 138 controls without a psychiatric diagnosis and validated the results using an independent cohort of 26 patients with schizophrenia, 55 control individuals, and 19 patients experiencing a first psychotic episode.

RESULTS: We found significant alterations for all three ceramide species Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) and a particularly strong difference in concentrations between psychiatric patients and controls for the ceramide species Cer(d18:1/18:0).

CONCLUSIONS: The alteration of Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) levels in the blood plasma might be a manifestation of metabolic abnormalities common to both schizophrenia and cardiovascular disease.
Clinical Features of First-episode Psychoses During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zyablov Vladimir A. , Gusev Mikhail A. , Chizhikov Vasilyi S.
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION: The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has become one of the most significant global social shocks in the past decade. It influenced the lifestyle of many people, including those with mental disorders.
AIM: To compare the psychopathological structure of psychotic states in young patients (up to 40 years old) with first-episode psychosis before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: The research was conducted at the First psychotic episode clinic of the Mental-health clinic No. 1 n.a. N.A. Alexeev, Moscow, Russia. In total, 66 patients were enrolled, who met the inclusion criteria: first-in-life admission to a mental healthcare unit that occurred during the spring of 2019 (control group) or spring 2020 (experimental group), diagnosis on admission that belonged to the group Acute and transient psychotic disorders (F23.XX) of ICD-10. Patients with a disability or concurrent somatic or neurologic conditions were excluded from the study. Assessment of clinical and psychopathological characteristics with the allocation of the leading syndrome within the psychotic state, psychometric assessment according to the PANSS scale was carried out, the above indicators were compared between the experimental and control group.
RESULTS: We observed statistically insignificant increase in the rates of affective and catatonic subtypes of psychoses, a decrease in the rate of the delusional subtype of paranoid syndrome. PANSS scores differed significantly for different clinical subtypes of psychoses, although the differences between the experimental and control groups showed no statistical significance. Additionally, in spring 2020, a considerable decrease in the total number of hospitalizations was revealed.
CONCLUSIONS: The differences in the clinical and psychopathological structure of psychotic states revealed during the COVID-19 pandemic were statistically insignificant. Additional results of the study may indicate a decrease in the availability of mental healthcare for patients with psychoses, which requires further investigation.
Comprehensive Clinical and Social Research at the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry: Translation into Clinical Practice
Authors: Shmukler Alexander B. , Movina Larisa G. , Papsuev Oleg O. , Salnikova Lyudmila I. , Shashkova Nina G. , Kiryanova Elena M.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to the work of the Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry to improve psychiatric care for patients with psychotic disorders. An important feature of this work was an integrated approach, in which the clinical picture of the disease was assessed in close connection with the patient's personal and psychological characteristics, social conditions of his life, therapeutic opportunities, rehabilitation potential and organizational structure of care.
The article reflects the results of many years of work of the department of outpatient psychiatry and the organization of psychiatric care under the guidance of Professor I.Ya. Gurovich. The results of scientific research carried out by the staff of the institute in a traditional humanistic manner are presented. The translational nature of the research is emphasized by its inextricable link with clinical and social approaches.
As a result of many years of work, a concept was developed to provide assistance to various groups of patients, starting with the first manifestations of the disease and ending with cases of long-term chronic disorders with a pronounced level of social maladaptation. As a result, a whole spectrum of new organizational forms of psychiatric care was proposed, such as departments (clinics) of the first psychotic episode, medical rehabilitation departments, assertive community treatment departments, designed for the most difficult patients. These organizational forms were fixed in the regulatory documents of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation. To date, the above departments have been established in psychiatric institutions in many regions of the Russian Federation. Further development of this area is associated with neurobiological research to identify complex biomarkers of psychotic spectrum disorders.
Thus, the research carried out at the present time preserves the tradition of an integrated clinical and social approach to the study of mental disorders. It is shown that an important advantage of this approach is their translational nature.
Late ‘Early Intervention in Psychosis’: A Family School for Learning How to Live with Schizophrenia
Authors: Katschnig Heinz , Sint Peter
Published: November 2021

The paper describes a family school for learning how to live with schizophrenia, which was founded in 1986 in Vienna, Austria, and is still running today. It was established in cooperation between professionals and the Austrian self-help association HPE of the relatives of persons with mental disorders. It addresses the needs of 10 families at a time, in cases where a son or a daughter was diagnosed with schizophrenia and had already experienced one or several episodes of the illness. The course lasts one and a half years and is organized according to the model of a weekly boarding school, where 10 children, the residents, stay in the school overnight from Sunday evening to Friday and take part in a structured program on cognitive, social and practical life skills. Ambulatory psychiatric treatment is taking place concurrently outside the school through local routine services. On weekends residents stay with their parents since the school is closed. Parents visit the school regularly to take part in joint activities with the residents. They also undertake night shifts in the school and attend a weekly parents group. In the regular encounters during everyday activities in the school, learning by doing occurs parents get to know the daughters and sons of other families and can learn to distinguish between disease-related and personality-related behavior. Residents can have similar learning experiences in relation to the parents of other residents. The main aim of the school is that parents learn to provide protected autonomy for the daughters or sons in question, in order to assist them after the end of the course in leading a life characterized by as much autonomy as possible after the end of the school.
Stellaria kotschyana (Caryophyllaceae) Taksonomisine Katkılar ve Yeni Bir Sinonim
Authors: BEHÇET Lütfi , YAPAR Yakup
Published: November 2021

Jany Renz tarafından 1951 yılı Temmuz ayında Bitlis-Tatvan arasındaki bozkırlarda, 1700-1900 metreler arasından bazı Stellaria kotschyana örnekleri toplandı. Ancak henüz çiçekli olan bu örnekler olgun kapsül taşımadığı ve kök kısımları bulunmadığı için Renz tarafından tek yıllık olarak kabul edilerek hatalı bir değerlendirme sonucu Lepyrodiclis holosteoides olarak teşhis edilmiştir. Stellaria cinsine ait olmasına karşın, L. holosteoides olarak teşhis edilen bu örnekler (iki dublet) Cenevre Herbaryumunda muhafaza altına alınmıştır. Daha sonra, cins düzeyinde yanlış teşhis edilen bu örnekler sahip oldukları taksonomik karakterler bakımından Lepyrodiclis cinsine benzememelerine rağmen, bu cinse ait oldukları kabul edilerek bilim dünyası için yeni bir tür olarak yayınlanmıştır. Mart 2021 tarhinde basılan bu yeni tür yayında, sadece Renz’in Bitlis’ten topladığı çiçekli örneklerden yararlanılmıştır. Oysaki Türkiye’de yetiştiği için meyveli ve köklü örnekler toplanabilir ve doğru cins teşhisi yapılabilirdi. Söz konusu yayında tanıtılan L. alinihatii’ye ait betimleme ve resimlerinin tamamı S. kotschyana ile birebir aynıdır. Bu çalışmada L. alinihatii olarak yayınlanan türün S. kotschyana’nın sinonimi olduğu; orijinal yayınlar, floralardaki tanımlar, arazi gözlemleri ve herbaryum örnekleri gözden geçirilerek ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca S. kotschyana’nın taksonomik bazı özellikleri ve yeni yayılış alanları üzerinde de durulmuştur.
Bitki Ekstrelerinde Oksidatif Stres Biyobelirteçleri için Yöntem Performansının Değerlendirilmesi ve Biyolojik Varyasyonlar: Metot Validasyon Çalışması
Authors: ÖNER Erkan , BELGE KURUTAS Ergul , DEMİRHAN İlter , GÜNGÖR Meltem
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada, bitki ekstrelerinde oksidatif stres biyobelirteçleri için yöntem performansının kabul edilebilirliğini değerlendirmek için biyolojik varyasyonlar ve analitik kalite spesifikasyonlarının saptanması amaçlandı. Araştırmada Silybum marianum (Deve Dikeni) ve Artemisia absinthium (Pelin Otu) kullanıldı. Bitkilerden 0.,1., 3., 5., 7., 15. ve 30. günlerde örnekler alındı. Bitki ekstrelerinde oksidatif stres biyobelirteçleri [katalaz (CAT) superoksit dismutaz (SOD) ve malondialdehit (MDA)] spektrofotometrik yöntemlerle ölçüldü. Her bir bitkinin kendi-içinde (CVI) ve bitkiler-arası (CVG) varyasyonlarından bireysellik indeksi (Bİ) ve referans değişim değeri (RDD) hesaplandı. Ayrıca analitik kalite spesifikasyonları olarak impresizyon, bias ve toplam hata hesaplandı. Çalışmamızda, Artemisia absinthium’a kıyasla Silybum marianum'da daha yüksek antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri (SOD ve CAT) ve daha düşük MDA düzeyleri tespit edildi (p
Pemanfaatan obat tradisional di Indonesia: distribusi dan faktor demografis yang berpengaruh
Authors: Adiyasa Mochamad Reiza , Meiyanti Meiyanti
Published: November 2021

Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber alam dan memiliki lebih dari 400 etnis dan sub etnis yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Daerah Jawa, Sunda, Manado, Kalimantan, dan berbagai daerah lainnya masih memanfaatkan tanaman sebagai obat tradisional yang merupakan warisan turun temurun. Menurut Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan  obat tradisional dibagi menjadi 3 kategori, dan digunakan oleh masyarakat secara turun temurun, dengan cara pengolahan yang sederhana.  Secara global, rata–rata penggunaan obat tradisional di seluruh dunia adalah 20-28% dari seluruh penduduk dunia. Menurut hasil dari Riset Kesehatan Dasar tahun 2010, ditemukan bahwa prevalensi penduduk Indonesia di atas 15 tahun yang pernah mengonsumsi obat tradisional sebanyak 59.12%, tersebar di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Obat tradisional banyak digunakan untuk mencegah penyakit dan mengatasi berbagai keluhan penyakit sebagai obat pendamping maupun obat pengganti. Beberapa faktor memengaruhi pemilihan seseorang untuk  menggunakan obat tradisional antara lain tingkat pengetahuan. Namun, tingkat pengetahuan seseorang  seseorang dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lainnya juga seperti pendidikan, informasi/media massa, sosial, budaya, ekonomi, lingkungan, pengalaman, serta usia. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai obat tradisional dengan penggunaannya. Namun, masih ada masyarakat yang enggan memilih jamu sebagai obat dikarenakan beberapa faktor lainnya. Oleh karena itu, tinjauan pustaka ini akan membahas mengenai jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pemanfaatannya. Sehingga pemanfaatan obat tradisional sebagai obat penggunaannya dapat meningkat di masyarakat.