bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La ligne de Wallace a-t-elle été franchie par les artistes des temps préhistoriques ? Deux nouvelles grottes ornées à Bornéo (E Kalimantan)
Authors: Chazine Jean-Michel , Fage Luc-Henri
Published: November 2018

Avant 1992, la partie indonésienne de Bornéo, Kalimantan, était une terre vierge archéologiquement. Cinq campagnes de prospection spéléo-archéologique nous ont permis de découvrir de nombreux sites, d'abord dans le centre de l'île, sur quelques massifs calcaires isolés des Monts Miiller, puis dans le grand karst de la Mangkalihat où furent trouvées, en 1994, les premières grottes ornées de Bornéo. La mission 1998 vient de découvrir deux nouvelles grottes ornées, les plus belles et les plus riches, en motifs comme en qualité de conservation des peintures, que nous ayons jamais trouvées. Ces découvertes, fruit de l'acharnement, malgré un terrain difficile, d'un archéologue et d'un spéléologue, prouvent que seule l'étude systématique des cavernes de Bornéo, encore très largement méconnues, permettrait de commencer à répondre à cette question : quel rôle l'île de Bornéo a-t-elle joué dans les migrations et les transferts d'influence entre Asie et Australie ?
Synthesis of mono-functionalized S-diazocines via intramolecular Baeyer–Mills reactions
Authors: Schehr Miriam , Hugenbusch Daniel , Moje Tobias , Näther Christian , Herges Rainer
Published: November 2018

Herein we report a reliable method to synthesize mono-functionalized S-diazocines in reproducible yields via intramolecular Baeyer–Mills reactions. Diazocines exhibit excellent photoswitchable properties. As opposed to azobenzenes they are more stable in their cis configuration. Particularly in photopharmacology mono-functionalized diazocines should be potentially useful and superior to the frequently used azobenzenes because the sterically more demanding cis configuration should be inactive, and the slender trans configuration should fit in a tight binding pocket of a receptor. Hence, it should be possible to administer the stabile inactive compound and switch it on at the site of illness with visible light. To date only a limited number of diazocine derivatives have been published of which most are symmetrically functionalized. Using the Baeyer–Mills reaction for the synthesis of diazocines opens a novel and convenient access to unsymmetrically substituted diazocines.
Kinetic Tomography. II. A Second Method for Mapping the Velocity Field of the Milky Way Interstellar Medium and a Comparison with Spiral Structure Models
Authors: Tchernyshyov Kirill , Peek J. E. G. , Zasowski Gail
Published: November 2018

In this work, we derive a spatially resolved map of the line-of-sight velocity of the interstellar medium and use it, along with a second map of line-of-sight velocity from Paper I of this series, to determine the nature of the gaseous spiral structure in the Milky Way (MW). This map is derived from measurements of the 1.527 μm diffuse interstellar band (DIB) in stellar spectra from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment survey and covers the nearest 4–5 kpc of the Northern Galactic plane. We cross-check this new DIB-based line-of-sight velocity map with the map derived in Paper I and find that they agree. We then compare these maps with line-of-sight velocity maps derived from simulations of quasi-stationary density wave spiral structure and dynamic, or material, spiral structure in a MW-like galaxy. While none of the maps derived from these simulations is an exact match to the measured velocity field of the MW, the measurements are more consistent with simulations of dynamic spiral structure. In the dynamic spiral structure simulation that best matches the measurements, the Perseus spiral arm is being disrupted.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and associated risk factors among pregnant women
Authors: Cetin Sirin , Cetin Meryem , Turhan Ebru , Dolapcioglu Kenan
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Hepatitis B infection is a serious global public health problem. The aim of the study was to assess the seroprevalance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), as well as the risk factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics of the University Hospital in Antioch, Turkey.

Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out between May 2016 and December 2016. The Chi-squared was utilized to estimate the statistical significance of the association between socio-demographic variables and HBsAg status. The results were generated as proportions odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (Cl) and calculated by using both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg was found to be 2.1%. A significant association was observed between age and HBsAg seropositivity (p = 0.027). History of blood transfusion (AOR = 9.51, 95% CI = 1.92-46.80, p = 0.006), history of hepatitis (AOR = 11.13, 95% CI = 2.02-61.28, p = 0.006), tattooing (AOR = 13.64, 95% CI = 2.52-73.76, p = 0.002) and a history of household/close contact (AOR = 11.10, 95% CI = 1.56-78.65, p = 0.016) were significantly associated with the risk of HBV infection.

Conclusions: Data regarding the seroprevalence of HBsAg and risk factors associated with HBV infection in pregnant women plays a crucial role in evaluating the effectiveness of the public health protection policies and the strategies to control the disease.
Stethoscope, “the friendly foe” – A study to evaluate bacterial contamination of stethoscopes and disinfection practices
Authors: Datta Priya , Kaur Mandeep , Rawat Sangeeta , Gupta Varsha , Chander Jagdish
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Stethoscope is used to assess the health of patients but can also act as a potential source of disease transmission. The study was aimed to find out the contamination rate of stethoscopes, evaluate awareness and attitude of healthcare workers (HCWs) about stethoscope cleaning, and determine the efficacy of 70% alcohol as cleaning agent.

Methodology: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in October 2015 among healthcare workers. They were asked to fill a questionnaire followed by culturing the diaphragm and bell surfaces of their stethoscopes before and after cleaning with 70% isopropyl alcohol.

Results: Out of 100 stethoscopes cultured, 56 were found to be contaminated at least with one microorganism. Acinetobacter cbc was the commonest contaminant followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Three out of twelve S. aureus strains showed methicillin resistance. Stethoscopes used in emergency areas were more contaminated when compared to wards and out-patient departments. Despite 100% awareness among HCWs, the importance of stethoscope cleaning is realized by only 70% who practice it regularly.

Conclusion: Stethoscope is a potential vector for transmission of healthcare associated infections. Hence it is vital to clean it after each use to reduce the load of iatrogenic infections.
Cost effectiveness of dressing in the prevention of catheter-related infection in critically ill patients
Authors: Pedrolo Edivane , Danski Mitzy Tannia Reichembach , Wiens Astrid , Boostel Radamés
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Catheter-related infection is a complication of high morbimortality. The aim was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of gauze and medical tape, transparent semi–permeable and chlorhexidine-impregnated dressings for short-term central venous catheter, within the Brazilian Public Healthcare System (Sistema Único de Saúde – SUS) scenario.

Methodology: a decision tree was elaborated in order to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of dressings in the prevention of catheter-related infection in critically ill patients. The outcome was the probability of catheter-related infections prevention. Moreover, only direct medical expenses were considered. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the model uncertainties.

Results: Chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing presented higher cost-effectiveness when the base case was analyzed (cost of US$ 655 per case prevented, 99% of effectiveness), in comparison to gauze and medical tape dressing (US$ 696, effectiveness of 96%). Dressing changes performed before the recommended period, treatment performed exclusively in inpatient units and high effectiveness of gauze and medical tape dressing were variables that interfered with the results. The probability of death has also demonstrated to have a major impact on cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion: In the context of a Brazilian public hospital, the chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing presented higher cost-effectiveness when compared to the gauze and medical tape dressing or the transparent semi-permeable dressing.
Negative immunomodulation by parasitic infections in the human response to vaccines
Authors: Alvarez-Larrotta Catalina , Arango Eliana María , Carmona-Fonseca Jaime
Published: November 2018

Parasitic infections are an important cause of global morbidity and mortality and are highly prevalent in "underdeveloped" countries. The presence of parasitic infections is associated with modulation of the immune system and changes in the response to bacterial and viral vaccines. The objective of this review was to compile, summarize and analyze information about immunomodulation by parasitic infections and its effects on the immune response to vaccines. We also identified the parasites most associated with immunomodulation of vaccine responses and those vaccines most affected. In addition, articles evaluating the effect of chemoprophylaxis for malaria on the immune response against vaccines were considered. The most affected vaccines are Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and bacterial polysaccharide vaccines. Malaria is the infection most associated with decreased response to vaccines; however, there are discordant results. Chemoprophylaxis for malaria did not change the immune response to vaccination. While parasitic infections can alter the immune response to vaccination, it is important to clarify the discrepancies and establish the mechanisms.
Leptospira in the different ecological niches of the tribal union territory of India
Authors: Zala Dolatsinh , Khan Vikram , Sanghai Ankush A , Dalai Sarat K , Das V K
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic disease, which has a medical and veterinary importance, and also a commonly re-emerging infectious disease. The main causes of transmission are known; however, the respective prominence of each of the components and the respective environmental risk factors are obscure.

Methodology: Present study was conducted in the different locations (urban/rural/tribal) of the union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli). Periodical sample collection approach was used to collect the samples from May 2016 to April 2017, to determine the persistence of leptospiral contamination of the environmental sources.

Results: The PCR detection and isolation of Leptospira revealed that pathogenic leptospires were present in water, soil and animal urine. The highest positivity was reported from the water of household drainage in urban areas and in the water from rice field of rural areas.

Conclusions: The data obtained from the present study may help and guiding in developing preventive measures for leptospirosis in the UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
Characterization of clinical extensively drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Chinese teaching hospital
Authors: Zou Mingxiang , Wang Haichen , Shui Jian , Li Jun , Hu Yongmei , Dou Qingya , Yan Qun , Liu Wen' en
Published: November 2018

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important opportunistic pathogen, carries multiple virulence factors which contribute to its adaptation and pathogenicity. The goal of this study was to characterize the virulence factors among extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa.

Methodology: In this study, 63 non-duplicated extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were collected from December 2013 to July 2015. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to analyze the homogeneity and the type III secretion system. Microtiter plate method was performed to evaluate the ability to form biofilms associated to twitching and swimming motilities.

Results: High percentage (96.8%) of isolates was sensitive to polymyxin B, while the resistance rate to

other antibiotics (amikacin, aztreonam, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, levofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam) ranged from 80.9% to 100%. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR detected seven major groups with minimal genetic variation. All the isolates carried exoT gene, 96.8% carried exoY, 69.8% carried exoS, and 31.7% carried exoU gene. Biofilm formation was confirmed in all strains, out of which 41.3% formed strong biofilm. Motilities analysis showed heterogeneous diameters ranging from 6.02 to 26.09 mm for swimming and from 7.60 to 23.34 mm for twitching motilities.

Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the clinical P. aeruginosa isolates tested are the major invasive types in nature and multiple virulence factors were commonly carried in the extensively drug-resistant strains.
Des usages actuels de la langue et leurs incidences sur l’humain
Authors: Grandjean Claire
Published: November 2018

Le film Carole Matthieu illustre l’importance de penser le monde contemporain à l’aune de l’essor du libéralisme économique, dans ses conséquences sur le domaine du travail, appréhendées en termes de déshumanisation. Par association, il ouvre à des interrogations concernant les évolutions dans le champ de la psychiatrie, où une volonté de standardisation des pratiques et des usages de la langue est également à l’œuvre, se situant aux antipodes de l’expérience psychanalytique.
Le mariage chez l’homme et le savant Sigmund Freud (2)
Authors: Kamieniak Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2018

Freud était-il un marieur ? Si le schadchen était encore le seul professionnel du lien conjugal au temps des balbutiements du savoir freudien, l’image du savant se confond rapidement – et quoi qu’il en veuille – avec celle d’un spécialiste de l’amour, en mesure d’évaluer le bien-fondé des alliances amoureuses. L’attention portée à cette période 1908-1915, qui voit la conclusion des premiers mariages des enfants du chercheur mais aussi l’expansion galopante de la psychanalyse, montre un Freud empêtré dans les histoires pulsionnelles de sa progéniture et de ses collaborateurs – comme celle de Jones et Loe ici rapportée –, celles mêmes qui participeront à l’élaboration des règles techniques définissant les conditions de possibilité de la pratique analytique.
Two alkaline motifs in the Lactobacillus salivarius Lv72 OppA surface are important to its adhesin function
Authors: Martín C. , Escobedo S. , Pérez-Martínez G. , Coll-Marqués J.M. , Martín R. , Suárez J.E. , Quirós L.M.
Published: November 2018

Glycosaminoglycans are involved in the attachment ofLactobacillus salivariusLv72, a strain of vaginal origin, to HeLa cell cultures, indicating that they play a fundamental role in the attachment of mutualistic bacteria to the epithelium lining cavities where the normal microbiota thrives. The bacterial OppA protein has been proposed as an adhesin involved in this adherence since, once purified, it significantly interferes with attachment of the lactobacilli to HeLa cell cultures. In this article, the role of OppA is confirmed through the determination of its location at the cell surface and its ability to promoteLactobacillus caseiandLactococcus lactisadherence to eukaryotic cell cultures upon cloning and expression ofoppAin these bacteria. The OppA sequence showed five potential domains for glycosaminoglycan-binding, and structural modelling of the protein showed that two of them were located in the vicinity of an OppA superficial groove whose width approached the diameter of the helical form of heparin in solution. Their involvement in the binding was demonstrated through substitution of critical basic amino acids by acidic ones, which resulted in loss of affinity for heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate depending on the domain mutated, suggesting that there might be a certain degree of specialisation. In addition, circular dichroism analysis showed that the spectrum changes induced by OppA-heparan sulphate binding were attenuated by the variant proteins, indicating that these motifs are the OppA recognition domains for the eukaryotic cell surface.
Recent applications of carbonaceous nanosorbents for the analysis of mycotoxins in food by liquid chromatography: a short review
Authors: Reinholds I. , Pugajeva I. , Bogdanova E. , Jaunbergs J. , Bartkevics V.
Published: November 2018

Carbonaceous nanomaterials (multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO)) have attracted attention over the last decade as adsorbents suitable for the analysis of organic and inorganic pollutants. In the present paper we review methods of mycotoxin analysis that involve sample extraction with carbonaceous nanosorbents, reported from 2011 onwards. Recent studies have highlighted the advantages of magnetically modified MWCNTs and GO in mycotoxin analysis, which may enable sample isolation through magnetic separation, reduce the interaction of nanoparticles, and enhance the recovery of analytes. The papers covered in this review point to promising applications of functionalised carbonaceous nanosorbents in mycotoxin analysis. While GO based sorbents can be effective for the adsorption of relatively polar aflatoxins, MWCNTs with high specific surface area and reduced agglomeration achieved through modification with silica and magnetic particles are preferred for the extraction of less polar mycotoxins.
Sobre la noción de estructura social
Authors: Beltran Villalva Miguel
Published: November 2018

Se propone aquí un concepto de estructura social que no se identifica con las posiciones denominadas "estructuralistas" (como las de Lévi-Strauss o Foucault), sino que se refiere a las dimensiones básicas de la sociedad (demográfica, cultural, económica, política e histórica, al modo de la "historia estructural" de Braudel), de modo que las relaciones que se dan entre ellas determinan los lugares sociales que corresponden a cada miembro o grupo de la sociedad, pemiitiendo así la consideración de la totalidad y el rechazo del individualismo metodológico. La estructura es lo más permanente del sistema, y sin embargo está sujeta al cambio, por lo que puede hablarse de su condición transformacional. Las aportaciones de Bourdieu (con su teoria del habitus) y de Giddens (con la teoria de la estructuración) podrían entenderse como "neoestructuralistas", empeñadas en integrar la estructura social y otros elementos del análisis en el mismo objeto de conocimiento.
La estrategia británica de apoyo a las familias monoparentales a través del empleo
Authors: Rodríguez Sumaza Carmen
Published: November 2018

Uno de los cambios más significativos en la estructura familiar británica en las últimas décadas es el aumento del número de familias encabezadas por un solo adulto. Este crecimiento, singular en el contexto europeo, ha generado en el Reino Unido un intenso debate político y social. En el artículo se parte del análisis de la evolución del número de familias monoparentales, planteándose a continuación las principales líneas de discusión existentes en torno al tema de la monoparentalidad. Seguidamente se estudia la actual respuesta pública a las necesidades de los progenitores solos y la evidencia en la que se apoya. Las nuevas estrategias de promoción del empleo entre los progenitores solos asumen que el trabajo (remunerado) es la mejor solución a sus problemas. Esta política no es neutral, pues fuerza a los progenitores solos a dar prioridad a sus responsabilidades como proveedores de recursos económicos frente a las responsabilidades familiares. Los dilemas y cuestiones que este planteamiento suscita son revisados en la parte final del artículo
Implementing a Mobile Application News Tool for Disseminating Messages and Events of AlBuraimi University College
Authors: ALFarsi Ghalia Musallam , Jabbar Jasiya , ALSinani Maryam
Published: November 2018

Technology is developing and changing in every moment that all domains are patchy without it. Our research utilizes the current trends and technology to design and develop a mobile application for the all members of the college. The students are the fundamental members in the college and they are our targets. Mobile notification system is an emerging technology, which influence in solving various dimensions of life. The college announcements and events are disseminated to students and staff through circulars, notice boards, emails, etc. Our research was to employ mobile affinity of especially students who ignore the circulars and notifications in notice board. The tool may be installed from play store mobile. The tool supports the widely used mobile operating system like android and iphone. This tool helps and provides a flexible way for communication. It list all events and news at AlBuraimi University College (BUC) like announcement of training courses and scientific workshop or classes cancel and others events. It also helps in easy access of college portal for both students and staff. The evaluation held finds positive response towards the need of this mobile application. The result shows the interest and satisfaction of users with BUC NEWS mobile application tool
Using Mobile Application Intercessions to Decrease Prenatal Mortality in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lim Chen Kim , Tan Kian Lam , Haufiku Martin Shafiihuna
Published: November 2018

Mobile phones are increasingly used in health systems in developing countries, and innovative technology solutions have great potential to overcome barriers of access to maternal health care. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature to ascertain what evidence exists for the effectiveness of mobile applications to decrease prenatal mortality through behavioural modification in developing countries. The study is essential in examining and illuminating certain aspects of the usage of mobile applications to improve prenatal care in developing areas and would, therefore, open up immense possibilities for prenatal care applications to improve essential precautional maternal services and in turn possibly lower the mortality rate in developing countries. Database searches and an intensive screening process were conducted before reviewing the full text of 34 articles and finally, nine articles that met all the inclusion criteria were selected. The study found that most of the included studies utilised text message suggestions to impact persistent conduct change in patients and all led in African nations. The review concluded that every one of the written reports appeared at any rate to show some proof of viability at changing conduct to decrease prenatal mortality. The policy infrastructure for funding, coordinating and guiding the sustainable adoption of precautional maternal services remains under-developed and that the integration of mobile health for prenatal health services has demonstrated positive outcomes.
Learning Management System: An Experience and Perception Study from Medical Imaging Lecturers and Scholars in a Private University
Authors: Mohd Zain Norhayati , Mohd Fadil Noor Fadzliyana , Abdul Hadi Asma'
Published: November 2018

A Learning Management System (LMS) is a virtual interactive medium that modernize the classic classroom interaction in the higher education system. It allows instructors and students to share instructional materials, make class announcements, submit and return course assignments, and communicate with each other online. In KPJ Healthcare University College, Department of Medical Imaging under school of Health Sciences was the first unit that has used LMS actively since 2013. The aim of the study is to determine the perception of Medical Imaging lecturers and scholars on LMS implementation before this system is fully utilized by the university. Using a descriptive study, 200 participants were randomly selected to answer the questionnaire via Google form and 93% responded. Analysis such as frequencies, percentage and statistical analysis were conducted. The results showed that most of the lecturers and scholars have a positive perception on the system implemented. Implication of the results and future improvement are also presented.
Integrating Animations in Chinese Character Writing Based on Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning to Promote Students’ Writing Skills
Authors: Tin Tan Geok , Atan Noor Azean , Mohamad Said Mohd Nihra Haruzuan , Ali Mohd Fazli , Mohd Sanitah , Abd Hamid Mohd Zolkifli
Published: November 2018

The complexity of Chinese character caused students facing learning difficulty in mastering the Chinese character writing skills. This study aimed to investigate the effect and students' perception on the implementation of animation in teaching and learning of Chinese character writing based on Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (AniCC Online Learning) via Frog VLE platform. Meanwhile, the relationship of implementation of AniCC Online Learning and pupil's writing performance was also studied to have further insights into the Chinese character teaching and learning situation. Pre-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design were adopted and thirty three Year 1 students were selected as the respondents in this research which involved four types of instruments. There was a significant different (p = 0.013) between the scores of pre-test and post-test for students' writing performance after performing paired samples t-test. The study also showed an increase in the means scores of students' writing skills and an increase in the percentage of students' writing skills ranking at rank 4 or above although no significant different (p = 0.180) was observed between the pre writing assessment and post writing assessment after Wilcoxon Test was performed. The students overall showed high acceptance towards integration of AniCC Online Learning with overall mean score 0.90 (maximum = 1). In sum, the design of AniCC Online Learning via Frog VLE platform is able to improve writing performance as well as to help students in their writing skills.
The Relationship between Knowledge and Attitude towards Technology Gadget Usage with Students’ Socio-Emotions Development
Authors: Mohamad Ashari Zakiah , Ngadiman Alifa Aliya , Zainudin Nurul Farhana , Jumaat Nurul Farhana
Published: November 2018

Gadgets nowdays become one of the most important necessities in human life. The use of gadgets is not only becomes a widespread among adults, but the younger generation also being exposed to this diverse technology gadgets. The gadgets usage among younger generation contributes to the numerous impacts on their socio-emotional development whether in negative or positive ways. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between knowledge and attitude, towards technology gadget usage and the students' socio-emotions development at Tiram, Johor. This study was conducted using quantitative research design and the questionnaires were distributed to 260 students in three schools around the Tiram zone for data collection purpose. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation inference statistics to identify the relationship between the two variables. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes, towards the gadget usage among students and their socio-emotion’s development. The findings of this study indicate that the students' knowledge and attitude towards the gadgets have a relationship with the students' socio-emotions. Therefore, this study is important in providing information especially to the schools, parents and students in order to figure out the appropriate alternative on using the gadgets more effectively.
Retrato de um Portugal migrante: a evolução da emigração, da imigração e do seu estudo nos últimos 40 anos
Authors: Góis Pedro , Marques José Carlos
Published: November 2018

Há 40 anos, Portugal era um país de emigração que tinha alguns imigrantes. Hoje é um país de migrações. Entre o retorno ou repatriamento de muitos nacionais portugueses e o acolhimento de centenas de milhares de estrangeiros, a demografia nacional ganhou diversidade e complexidade. Sem a imigração seríamos menos, mais pobres e mais velhos. Após o anunciado fim da emigração, constatamos que atravessámos vários ciclos de emigração e retorno, mas que nunca os fluxos de saída deixaram de ter consequências sociais e sociológicas. Afinal, a emigração é mais estrutural do que pensáramos. A dinâmica e diversidade das origens dos migrantes para Portugal, mas também a geografia múltipla dos destinos dos emigrantes portugueses, representam sinais de alteração do posicionamento do país no sistema migratório global. Portugal (ainda) não é um centro, mas (já) não é periferia (ou talvez o seja para alguns migrantes). A lei de nacionalidade evoluiu, ao sabor de ideologias mais ou menos inclusivas e alargou o número de cidadãos que fazem parte da comunidade nacional. Um país em movimento, pleno de dinâmicas migratórias, é um retrato possível que permite antever um futuro cheio de desafios de integração e de gestão da diversidade.
Entre Sul e Norte: singularidades das migrações na saúde e no desporto em Portugal
Authors: Nolasco Carlos , Ribeiro Joana Sousa
Published: November 2018

A sociedade portuguesa, na transição do século, confrontava-se com dinâmicas migratórias que, não sendo novas, apresentavam peculiaridades, nomeadamente a coincidência de entradas e saídas, bem como novos imigrantes provenientes de países do leste europeu. Em face das teorias então disponíveis, a socióloga Maria Ioannis Baganha apresentava uma proposta teórica pioneira, em que Portugal se constitui como uma “placa giratória” que recebe imigrantes e redistribui emigrantes, em função da sua condição semiperiférica e dos processos de globalização. Dialogando com essa proposta, este texto pretende analisar dois movimentos migratórios específicos, profissionais de saúde e desportistas profissionais, que, na atualidade, entram e saem de Portugal, argumentando sobre a perenidade, ou não, da proposta original, de Baganha.
Determination of the Optimum Material Gradient for a Functionally Graded Endodontic Prefabricated Post Using a Sub-Problem Approximation Method
Authors: Helal Wasim M.K. , Jiang Feng Chun , Shi Dong Yan
Published: November 2018

The treatment process of a tooth every short period has many disadvantages to the dental patient, for instance, wasting time, losing money, and tiring the dental patient. Therefore, selecting the suitable technique for treating the tooth, with increasing the lifetime of the tooth has become more necessary in the daily life of the dental scientists. In the present days, an Endodontic Prefabricated Post (EPP) plays an important vital role in the treatment process of the tooth. Comparisons among von Mises stress, shear stress, and deformation of homogenous cases were investigated in the present work through the finite element analysis (FEA). The effect of EPP material on von Mises stress, shear stress, and deformation components occurred on the dentin in cases of Functionally Graded Endodontic Prefabricated Post (FGEPP), and EPP-homogenous was carried out. After that, the sub-problem approximation method was adopted for determining the optimum material gradient for a FGEPP.
Temperature Effect on Mechanical Properties of Carbon, Glass and Hybrid Polymer Composite Specimens
Authors: Aklilu Getahun , Adali Sarp , Bright Glen
Published: November 2018

This paper presents the results of an experimental program to study the mechanical properties of currently available composite materials for the construction of wind turbine blade. The materials identified for this purpose include unidirectional glass fibre/epoxy (GFRP), carbon fibre/epoxy (CFRP) and hybrid combinations of these two materials to be used in a laminated design and at elevated temperatures. The tests conducted in the present programme includes short beam shear test and dynamic mechanical analysis tests after the specimens are exposed to temperatures ranging from 25 to 140°C. The results indicate that the inter-laminar shear failure strength and stiffness of GFRP, CFRP and hybrid specimens degrade with increasing temperature. However, the degradation is observed to be higher in single material specimens in comparison to hybrid specimens. In particular, stiffness of CFRP specimens decreased linearly as the temperature approached 40°C and increased up to the glass transition temperature of epoxy. Experimental results indicated that damping properties of Glass-Carbon-Glass/epoxy specimens improved at elevated temperatures which is important for noise and vibration control. In the present study, empirical models are proposed based on the test data to predict the variation of inter-laminar shear failure stress and stiffness as a function of temperature. The experimental results and proposed model can be used as input parameters to design and construct composite wind turbine blades to be used in tropical wind farms.
Stabilization Effect of Aluminum Dross on Tropical Lateritic Soil
Authors: Busari Ayobami Adebola , Akinwumi Isaac I. , Awoyera Paul O. , Olofinnade O.M. , Tenebe T.I. , Nwanchukwu J.C.
Published: November 2018

This experimental research assessed the engineering and geotechnical properties of Aluminum dross (ALDR). Glumly, this solid waste is usually open dumped with detrimental effect on the environment. In a bid to reduce solid waste in the environment and also improve pavement interlayer properties, this research utilized ALDR as a stabilizer for tropical lateritic soil. The lateritic soil was stabilized with the addition of this solid waste at 2% intervals from 2% to 16%. Response surface analysis was used in optimizing the strength and consistency of the stabilized soil sample. The addition of this non-conventional stabilizer helped in modifying the engineering properties of the soil sample, this had indications on the atterberg limit as the liquid limit, and the plasticity index increased from 43% to 54.61% and 28.02%- 40.8% respectively, while the plasticity index reduced from 15.1% - 13.8% signifying soil improvement. The load-bearing capacity of the sample increased from 51.22% to 62.41%. Additionally, the unconfined test showed that addition of ALDR residue improved the consistency of the stabilized soil sample. From the model equation, a positive relationship exists between CBR and UCS. R2value of 0.81 showed the robustness of the model developed. The research showed that aluminum dross is a suitable material for improving the engineering properties of the tropical lateritic soil towards a sustainable road construction.
Temperature and Strain Rate Dependent Mechanical Properties of a Square Nickel Plate with Different Shaped Central Cracks: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Gupta Tibra Das , Dutta Dip , bin Shahadat Muhammad Rubayat
Published: November 2018

In our present study, under uniaxial tension, atomistic simulations were conducted to explore the crack propagation mechanism of Square Nickel Plate (SNP) for two distinct shaped cracks (Rectangular and Circular) at center separately. Here, for modeling the inter-atomic potential between atoms, Embedded Atom Model (EAM) was used. In case of both types, the crack size was varied keeping a constant strain rate of 2×109s-1and temperature of 300 k for investigation of the effects of crack geometry and size on the behavior of crack propagation. Along with the size and geometry of crack, the effects of different strain rates (1×109, 2×109and 4×109s-1) and temperatures (300 K, 600 K and 900 k) were also studied. From the simulations, the declination nature of peak stress can be deduced for both of the geometries by increasing the crack size. It can also be concluded that when crack area was same, the peak stresses were higher in SNP with Circular crack than with the SNP with Rectangular one. Besides, increasing and decreasing nature of peak stress were found for two genres with the increment of strain rate and temperature separately.
Buckling Analysis of Orthotropic Nanoscale Plates Resting on Elastic Foundations
Authors: Kadari Belkacem , Bessaim Aicha , Tounsi Abdelouahed , Heireche Houari , Bousahla Abdelmoumen Anis , Houari Mohammed Sid Ahmed
Published: November 2018

This work presents the buckling investigation of embedded orthotropic nanoplates by using a new hyperbolic plate theory and nonlocal small-scale effects. The main advantage of this theory is that, in addition to including the shear deformation effect, the displacement field is modeled with only three unknowns and three governing equation as the case of the classical plate theory (CPT) and which is even less than the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). A shear correction factor is, therefore, not required. Nonlocal differential constitutive relations of Eringen is employed to investigate effects of small scale on buckling of the rectangular nanoplate. The elastic foundation is modeled as two-parameter Pasternak foundation. The equations of motion of the nonlocal theories are derived and solved via Navier's procedure for all edges simply supported boundary conditions. The proposed theory is compared with other plate theories. Analytical solutions for buckling loads are obtained for single-layered graphene sheets with isotropic and orthotropic properties. The results presented in this study may provide useful guidance for design of orthotropic graphene based nanodevices that make use of the buckling properties of orthotropic nanoplates. Verification studies show that the proposed theory is not only accurate and simple in solving the buckling nanoplates, but also comparable with the other higher-order shear deformation theories which contain more number of unknowns. Keywords: Buckling; orthotropic nanoplates; a simple 3-unknown theory; nonlocal elasticity theory; Pasternak’s foundations. * Corresponding author; Email-tou_abdel@yahoo.com
Investigation on the Silver Nanowire/Graphene Transparent Electrode in Electrochromic Device
Authors: Duan Feng , Yang Wei Jia , He Xin , Jiang Jia Yi , Zhu Wan Yu , Xia Da Xue
Published: November 2018

In this work, we fabricated a flexible silver nanowires (Ag NWs)/graphene transparent conducting film on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate, which was applied in an electrochromic device. The graphene layer was coated on the surface of the Ag NW film utilizing the electrostatic adsorption in order to improve the stability of the metallic nanowire layer and the performance of the electrochromic device. The Ag NWs/graphene composite film exhibited an optical transmittance of 82.5% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of 57.5 Ω/sq. With the concentration of the adsorbed graphene increased, the transmittance and conductivity of the composite film both decreased. Furthermore, the lifetime of the electrochromic devices based on the tungsten oxide (WO3) thin film and the Ag NW/graphene composite electrodes was greatly extended, compared to that utilizing the pristine Ag NW electrodes. The results indicate that the introduction of the graphene layer could protect the Ag NW film from corrosion of the electrolyte layer, and greatly improve the lifetime and cycle numbers of the electrochromic device. Key words: silver nanowire; graphene; transparent electrode; electrochromic devices
Compressive Strength Evaluation and Phase Analysis of Pulp Capping Materials Based on Carbonate Apatite-SCPC Using Different Concentration of SCPC and Calcium Hydroxide
Authors: Cahyanto Arief , Restunaesha Muga , Zakaria Myrna Nurlatifah , Rezano Andri , El-Ghannam Ahmed
Published: November 2018

The mechanical strength of pulp capping material based on carbonate apatite and silica calcium-phosphate composite (CO3Ap-SCPC) is one of the key factors for the success of the material in protecting the vitality of the pulp during the formation of apatite and dentin reparative. Modifying the material in the powder phase was known to increase the mechanical strength. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the addition of SCPC and calcium hydroxide in pulp capping materials based on CO3Ap-SCPC would affect the compressive strength of this pulp capping material. In this study, three cement groups were used, each group consisted of dicalcium phosphate anhydrous and vaterite which added by SCPC concentration 0%, 5% and 10% and calcium hydroxide concentration 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively. All groups were tested by a compressive strength test and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis. The mean value of compressive strength with addition of 0% SCPC and 10% Ca(OH)2 was 16.54 ± 1.35 MPa, addition of 5% SCPC and 5% Ca(OH)2 of 18.55 ± 2.81 MPa, addition of 10% SCPC and 0% Ca(OH)2 was 9.22 ± 1.21 MPa. The addition of SCPC and Ca(OH)2 show statistically significant difference in compressive strength (p<0.05). The XRD analysis of the highest compressive strength revealed that the apatite crystal was successfully formed. It can be concluded that incorporated specific amount of SCPC and Ca(OH)2 could improve the mechanical strength and the apatite formation of the CO3Ap-SCPC pulp capping material.
RF-Magnetron Sputtered Silica Interlayer on β-TCP Granules for Mesoporous Silica Coating
Authors: Yokogawa Yoshiyuki , Shishido Atsumasa , Shigarami Y.
Published: November 2018

Mesoporous silica (MPS) coatings on β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) granules and their protein adsorptive capabilities were studied. β-TCP granules containing 2 wt% of aluminum oxide and 6 wt% of silicon oxide were prepared using a pan-type granulator and heated at 1200 oC. MPS coatings on β-TCP granules was carried out by a dip-coating method, but the β-TCP granules were not covered by the MPS particles. A silica interlayer was formed on the β-TCP granules via magnetron sputtering prior to the coating of the MPS. The β-TCP granules coated with the silica interlayer were fully covered by the MPS particles. A silica interlayer may offer bonding between the β-TCP granules and MPS coating. The adsorption of protein on the MPS-coated β-TCP granules was evaluated by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity of protein on the β-TCP granules was improved by the MPS coatings on the β-TCP granules, and that of the β-TCP granules coated with the silica interlayer showed a higher protein adsorption capacity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Calcium Hydroxide from Indonesian Limestone as Endodontic Intracanal Medicament
Authors: Zakaria Myrna Nurlatifah , Sidiqa Atia Nurul , Artilia Ira , Cahyanto Arief
Published: November 2018

Calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH)2] has been the gold standard for endodontic medicament as inter-appointment dressing, due to its ability to act as antimicrobial agent and to promote hard tissue healing. The main mechanism of this material is the release of Ca2+ and OH- ions through its vehicle, providing high alkaline pH. Indonesia, has many potential resources, namely limestone (CaCO3), that can be utilized as raw material for Ca (OH)2. The objective of this present study is to investigate the synthesis and characterization of Ca (OH)2 from Indonesian limestone as endodontic intra-canal medicament. Limestone were taken from Palimanan area in West Java, Indonesia. CaCO3 was calcined at 900°C for 4h resulting CaO powder. CaO powder were mixed with distilled water using a rotary stirrer for 24h and produce Ca (OH)2 paste. The Ca (OH)2 paste was dried at 80°C, then crushed using a mortar and pestle to obtain Ca (OH)2 powder. The powder samples were thus subjected for characterization by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The XRD patterns revealed that the high peak of Ca (OH)2 crystallinity was successfully achieved in this study. The FTIR spectroscopy also showed bands at 3640 cm-1 which belongs to OH- stretching vibration of the Ca (OH)2. The results indicate that the synthesize of Indonesian limestone as Ca (OH)2 by this method was attained. Indonesian limestone is a potential raw material that can be used as a precursor for synthesis of Ca (OH)2 as endodontic material.
Incorporation of Ovalbumin into Carbonate Apatite as a Candidate for Protein Delivery
Authors: Anggraeni Rahmi , Martien Ronny , Agustina Dewi , Ana Ika Dewi
Published: November 2018

Appropriate biomaterial and controlled size particle are the important component to achieve effective delivery system. Reducing size of the particle is recommended because it can overcome the barriers during cellular uptake. Biomimetic carbonate apatite (CHA) is now considered as candidate for protein delivery because it has high affinity to protein, high biocompatibility and biodegradibility, and increases protein stability. In this study, nano-CHA was prepared and ovalbumin (OVA) protein was incorporated into the CHA particles.
Unique Dicarboxylate Ion Incorporation in Octacalcium Phosphate
Authors: Yokoi Taishi
Published: November 2018

Various dicarboxylate ions can be incorporated into the crystal structure of octacalcium phosphate (OCP). This unique property can be applied to develop functional bone substitute materials. However, there are many unclear points regarding the chemistry of OCP with incorporated dicarboxylate ions. In this review, we discuss the following three topics regarding the fundamental properties of OCP with incorporated dicarboxylate ions: the incorporation of two types of dicarboxylate ions into the OCP interlayer, the precise control of the interplanar spacing for OCP with dicarboxylate ions having a side chain, and the chirality recognition of guest molecules during OCP incorporation phenomena.
The Evaluation of Setting Time and FTIR Spectroscopy of Carbonate Apatite Cement as Endodontic Sealer
Authors: Megasari Elfira , Dharsono Hendra Dian Adhita , Fadil Richata , Zakaria Myrna Nurlatifah , Widyaputra Sebastian Sunardhi , Cahyanto Arief
Published: November 2018

The carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) cement as an endodontic sealer play an essential role for endodontics treatment due to its potential to obturate root canal system as one of the most important part in endodontic treatment. Moreover, the CO3Ap has probability of similarities with composition of root dentin. Recently, the setting time of commercial endodontic sealer has 4 hours to 1 day. Therefore, the aim of this present study is to evaluate setting time and to determine the functional group of the new material composition for endodontic sealer. CO3Ap cement sealer was prepared by mixing dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA), vaterite and calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH)2] with 0.2 mol/L Na2HPO4 containing 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and 32 μg thymoquinone, with liquid to powder ratio of 0.6. The setting time was evaluated by Vicat needle method as describe on modification ISO 1566 for zinc phosphate cement. Five compositions of powder ratio were prepared in this study. The set CO3Ap cement sample was evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to define the functional group of the sample. Setting time evaluation indicated that the average setting time of CO3Ap cement was 21 minutes of five compositions. The FTIR analyses revealed that the CO32- groups were detected, so the results could determine as B-type CO3Ap.The CO3Ap cement was considered fast setting as an endodontic sealer compared to sealers made from other base and proven to have similarities with the components of root dentin.