bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporal Layering in the Long Conceptual History of Sexual Medicine: Reading Koselleck with Foucault
Authors: Downham Moore Alison M.
Published: September 2019

This paper reflects on the challenges of writing long conceptual histories of sexual medicine, drawing on the approaches of Michel Foucault and of Reinhart Koselleck. Foucault’s statements about nineteenth-century rupture considered alongside his later-life emphasis on long conceptual continuities implied something similar to Koselleck’s own accommodation of different kinds of historical inheritances expressed as multiple ‘temporal layers.’ The layering model in the history of concepts may be useful for complicating the historical periodizations commonly invoked by historians of sexuality, overcoming historiographic temptations to reduce complex cultural and intellectual phenomena to a unified Zeitgeist. The paper also shows that a haunting reference to ‘concepts’ among scholars of the long history of sexual medicine indicates the emergence of a de facto methodology of conceptual history, albeit one in need of further refinement. It is proposed that reading Koselleck alongside Foucault provides a useful starting-point for precisely this kind of theoretical development.
Phylogeny and systematic revision of the helicarionid semislugs of eastern Queensland (Stylommatophora, Helicarionidae)
Authors: Hyman Isabel T. , Köhler Frank
Published: September 2019

The helicarionid fauna of southeastern to mid-eastern Queensland is dominated by a group of semislugs with moderately reduced shells belonging to genera Fastosarion, Eungarion, Stanisicarion, Dimidarion, Macularion and Hymanarion. We comprehensively revise their systematic classification using comparative morpho-anatomy and mitochondrial phylogenetics, and demonstrate that these genera combined form a well-differentiated and monophyletic radiation. In our mitochondrial phylogeny, this radiation is divided into three main clades that are statistically well supported. One clade is also well defined in terms of diagnostic morpho-anatomical characters, but we could not identify diagnostic characters for the other two clades due to considerable levels of morpho-anatomical variation. We propose accepting only two genera, Fastosarion (with junior synonyms Eungarion, Dimidarion, and Hymanarion) and Stanisicarion (with junior synonym Macularion). Both genera represent mutually monophleytic sister taxa that can consistently be distinguished by the presence or absence of a penial verge that is fused to the penial wall and by egg shape. We also synonymise Fastosarion ameyi with F. aquavitae, F. schelli with F. helenkingae, Dimidarion peterbrocki and D. slatyeri with F. alyssa, Stanisicarion virens with S. freycineti. Revised species descriptions are presented for Fastosarion alyssa, F. aquavitae, F. brazieri, F. comerfordae, F. griseolus, F. hannianus, F. helenkingae, F. mcdonaldi, F. minerva, F. paluma, F. papillosus, F. pustulosus, F. superbus, Stanisicarion aquila and S. freycineti. Nine new species, Fastosarion deensis, F. ephelis, F. insularis, F. katatonos, F. longimentula, F. rowani, F. sarina, F. tuljun and Stanisicarion wolvi are described, bringing the total number of accepted species to 24.
Revision of Taiwanese and Ryukyuan species of Propristocera (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), with description of a new species
Authors: LIAO HAUCHUAN , TERAYAMA MAMORU , EGUCHI KATSUYUKI
Published: September 2019

The genus Propristocera Kieffer was very recently revived from the synonymy of the genus Apenesia Westwood, and consists of a total of 25 valid species recorded from the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. Only two of its species, P. formosimonticola and P. pingtungensis, have been previously recorded from Taiwan. In this study, we examined species of Propristocera collected from Taiwan and the Ryukyus based on external morphology, male genital morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses, gene markers: nuclear 28SrDNA, mitochondrial COI. In consequence, four species were recognized. Propristocera okinawensis had its record expanded from the Ryukyus to Taiwan, whereas P. kusigematii previously known from the Ryukyus was synonymized under P. pingtungensis, which was known from Taiwan. Furthermore, one new species, Propristocera seediq sp. nov., was discovered in Taiwan and the Ryukyus.
Millepora platyphylla (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) range extended back to the Eastern Pacific, thanks to a new record from Clipperton Atoll
Authors: BOISSIN E. , POGOREUTZ C. , PEY A. , GRAVIER-BONNET N. , PLANES S.
Published: September 2019

The fire coral Millepora platyphylla Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1834 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) has a widespread Indo-Pacific distribution observed from the surface to 40 m (Razak & Hoeksema 2003). However, its extirpation from the East Pacific (Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama) was documented after the 1982-1983 bleaching event (Glynn & Weerdt 1991). Here, we report the discovery of 5 colonies of M. platyphylla from the eastern Pacific, specifically at Clipperton Atoll, during the TARA Pacific expedition (www.taraexpeditions.org).
Review of Cidariplura Butler, 1879 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae).
Part 1: the Cidariplura gladiata species complex
Authors: WU SHIPHER , OWADA MAMORU , WANG MIN
Published: September 2019

The generic type species Cidariplura gladiata Butler, 1879 and its allies of the genus Cidariplura Butler, 1879 are reviewed. In total, there are seven recognized species ranging from Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, Vietnam; and we provide descriptions of three new species: C. nanling sp. nov., C. luding sp. nov., C. hbun sp. nov. The species C. shanmeii Wu & Owada, 2013 is re-described since the type series was the existence of specimens belonging to both C. shanmeii and C. hbun. Key to all belonging species is given.
Some notes on taxonomy and distribution of Neotropical Aedokritus Roback and Axarus Roback (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae)
Authors: PINHO LUIZ CARLOS , DANTAS GALILEU P.S. , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: September 2019

Aedokritus platycnemis Edwards, previously known from northeastern Argentina, is redescribed based on holotype and additional material from Brazil. Axarus cordiformis sp. n. is described and figured, based on a male adult collected in Brazilian Amazon. Aedokritus coffeatus Trivinho-Strixino, Aedokritus souzalopesi Oliveira & Messias, Axarus globosus Donato, Mauad & Andersen, Axarus intervales Andersen, Mendes & Hagenlund and Axarus diabolicus Andersen, Mendes & Hagenlund have their distribution extended.
A review of the Barsine inflexa Moore, 1878 and the B. flavodiscalis (Talbot, 1926) species-groups, with descriptions of six new species from Indochina, India and China (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , ČERNÝ KAREL
Published: September 2019

The Barsine inflexa and the B. flavodiscalis species-groups are reviewed. Six new species are described: B. victoria Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North West Myanmar and North East India), B. kanchenjunga Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North East India), B. dejeani Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (South West China: Sichuan), B. thagyamin Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North Myanmar), B. hreblayi Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (North Thailand) and B. siberuta Volynkin & Černý, sp. nov. (Indonesia: Siberut Island). Adults, male and female genitalia of all species are illustrated.
Millbank tendency: The strengths and limitations of mediated protest ‘events’ in UK student activism cycles
Authors: Hensby Alexander
Published: September 2019

UK students’ desire to create disruptive, media-friendly ‘events’ during the 2010–11 protests against fees and cuts is reflective of wider cycles and processes in student activism history. First, constant cohort turnover restricts students’ ability to convert campaigns into durable movements, necessitating that they must periodically ‘start from scratch’. This informs a second process, namely the need to gain the attention of mainstream media, as this can potentially amplify students’ grievances far beyond their own organizational capacities. Both have shaped student activism over the past 50 years, compelling contemporary students to create protest events that live up to their radical history. These processes were evident in autumn 2010, when an NUS demonstration saw students attack and briefly occupy Conservative Party headquarters at 30 Millbank. The protest’s mass mediation was central to activists’ ‘eventing’ processes, and provided the spark for the radical UK-wide campaign that followed. Yet once the fees bill was passed by Parliament, students’ dependency on mainstream media cycles was quickly exposed. With ‘mediatization’ tendencies having dogged student activism since the 1960s, this article argues that creating ‘events’ epitomizes students’ longstanding strengths and limitations as society’s ‘incipient intelligentsia’.
The rise and endurance of radical right movements
Authors: Caiani Manuela
Published: September 2019

This article reviews the scholarship on radical right movements in Europe. It focuses on three strands of this literature: first, the macro-level contextual opportunities-based explanations for the fortunes of these movements; second, internal supply-side approaches, referring to the internal organizational resources – leadership, communication and propaganda – that support the mobilization; and third, the individual (micro-level) factors of the emergence and the rise of radical right movements. The goal is to shed light on all these different approaches to explain the ‘Who’, ‘When’, ‘How’ and ‘Why’ of the emergence and (violent) mobilization of radical right groups, using empirical evidence drawn from various case studies in Western, Eastern and Central Europe. This is a topic often neglected in the academic literature on the radical right, which still focuses mainly on political parties and elections. The article concludes by discussing possible future directions for radical right movement research, including the transnationalization of the radical right, the usage of the Internet and radical right ‘movement parties’.
Zebrafish: Housing and husbandry recommendations
Authors: Aleström Peter , D’Angelo Livia , Midtlyng Paul J , Schorderet Daniel F , Schulte-Merker Stefan , Sohm Frederic , Warner Susan
Published: September 2019

This article provides recommendations for the care of laboratory zebrafish ( Danio rerio) as part of the further implementation of Annex A to the European Convention on the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes, EU Commission Recommendation 2007/526/EC and the fulfilment of Article 33 of EU Directive 2010/63, both concerning the housing and care of experimental animals. The recommendations provide guidance on best practices and ranges of husbandry parameters within which zebrafish welfare, as well as reproducibility of experimental procedures, are assured.

Husbandry procedures found today in zebrafish facilities are numerous. While the vast majority of these practices are perfectly acceptable in terms of zebrafish physiology and welfare, the reproducibility of experimental results could be improved by further standardisation of husbandry procedures and exchange of husbandry information between laboratories. Standardisation protocols providing ranges of husbandry parameters are likely to be more successful and appropriate than the implementation of a set of fixed guidance values neglecting the empirically successful daily routines of many facilities and will better reflect the wide range of environmental parameters that characterise the natural habitats occupied by zebrafish.

A joint working group on zebrafish housing and husbandry recommendations, with members of the European Society for Fish Models in Biology and Medicine (EUFishBioMed) and of the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA) has been given a mandate to provide guidelines based on a FELASA list of parameters, ‘Terms of Reference’.
The Role of Gang Involvement as a Protective Factor in the Association Between Peer Victimization and Negative Emotionality
Authors: Conway-Turner Jameela , Visconti Kari , Winsler Adam
Published: September 2019

Gang involvement is associated with many negative outcomes. However, the social and emotional development of gang-involved youth has received little empirical investigation. This study examines the social and emotional outcomes of gang-involved youth. Data come from the 2009 Fairfax County Youth Survey administered to eighth, 10th, and 12th grade students ( N = 27,869, 50% female, 55% minority). Hierarchical logistic regression was used to test the associations between victimization and negative emotionality, and the potential moderating effect of age and gang involvement. Results showed a positive relationship between victimization and negative emotionality. Youth involved in gangs were more likely to experience victimization. However, the association between peer victimization and negative emotionality was diminished for youth in gangs compared with those not in gangs. In addition, results showed that negative emotional outcomes from victimization were worse for middle school compared with high school students.
Beyond the Calculus of Power and Position: Relationships and Theorizing in Ethnography
Authors: Tavory Iddo
Published: September 2019

Ethnography is made of relationships. Even when the observations the ethnographer writes of take place between others in the field, it is through the development of relationships that data are generated and through a particular relationship that interpretation is offered. In this introduction to the special issue about relationships and theorizing in ethnography, I outline three relevant dimensions of such relationships that aren't captured by current debates that center on power dynamics in the field: (a) Alignment. Going beyond the trifecta of race, class, and gender, I suggest that a key element of positionality includes the ways in which the ethnographer’s projects align (or purposely fail to align) with those of her interlocutors; (b) Temporality. Thinking seriously about time allows us to appreciate how differences in the temporal arcs of research modulate the narrative arcs of theory as well as set the stage for the afterlife of participant observation in the process of writing and publishing; and (c) Place. As relationships deepen, ethnographers often find themselves in new spaces, complementing the temporality of narrative arcs with a different landscape of social theory. Doing so, this article calls for renewed attention to the way in which the patterned structure of relationships in the field shapes how ethnographers theorize their work.
All Out of Proportion: The Ongoing Disagreement about Structured Proportionality in Australia
Authors: Douek Evelyn
Published: September 2019

In 2015, a majority of the High Court of Australia incorporated structured proportionality testing into Australian constitutional law for the first time, but the test’s suitability for Australian law has been contested ever since. The recent case of Clubb is an ambivalent result for the test’s advocates: while structured proportionality testing now seems to have the support of a solid majority of current members of the High Court, the dissentients seem as strongly opposed as ever and continue to be vocal about the test’s unsuitability for Australian law. This article surveys the three main criticisms levelled against structured proportionality in Australia: that it is too indeterminate, that it involves judges transgressing the separation of powers, and that it is inappropriate in the unique context of the implied freedom of political communication (‘the freedom’). There are reasons why these critiques of structured proportionality carry particular weight and resonance in Australia’s constitutional culture, marked as it is by legalism and deference to the legislature. But these reasons are also why adoption of structured proportionality is consistent with Australia’s constitutional commitments and jurisprudence. The question of whether structured proportionality is beneficial needs to start with the question of ‘compared to what?’ Many of the criticisms levelled against structured proportionality apply all the more forcefully against the prior test of whether the legislative measure is ‘appropriate and adapted’ to serve a legitimate end. And the inherent commitments of proportionality make it better suited to Australian law than the increasingly proposed alternative of a categorical approach. The particular method of judicial reasoning in cases concerning the freedom might seem like a highly abstract and theoretical question, especially when the justices applying differing methods largely agree on the merits in the relevant cases. But this continuing uncertainty and divergence on the Court has tangible costs. The project of making reasoning more transparent and constrained is significantly undermined by uncertainty as to whether and how the test will be applied at all. There are also second-order effects in the form of institutional costs. In the context of the freedom, where judicial review has long been controversial, the division of the Court into pro- and anti-structured proportionality factions has particularly high costs to institutional integrity and legitimacy. At some point there will be a question of whether the damage of warring judgments over method outweighs the damage done by choosing even the ‘worst’ of the available options. This article argues that structured proportionality is not that ‘worst’ option.
Administrative Reform and the Quest for Openness: A Popperian Review of Open Government
Authors: Ingrams Alex
Published: September 2019

Scholars and policymakers claim open government offers a panoply of good governance benefits, but it also risks political abuse as window dressing or a smokescreen. To address this risk, this article builds on the meaning of openness through an examination of closed and open society in Karl Popper’s theory. Four historic trends in open government reform are analyzed. The findings suggest a need for new attention to Popperian notions of the social technologist’s piecemeal change and mechanical engineering aimed at serious policy problems. Without appreciation of these open society linkages, open governments will continue to paradoxically co-exist alongside closed societies.
Listening to Silence: Bringing Forward the Background Noise of Being
Authors: Johansen Pia Heike
Published: September 2019

This paper sets out to conduct an embodied and situated aural analysis of what silence in Northern Norway is about, with the aim of bringing forward the background noise. The paper brings together theories on construction of the rural, time-space relations, soundscape ecology, and on affect and power, and it merges academic traditions about how to communicate findings from non-visual biased studies. This interdisciplinary framework provides a novel structure for both analysing material and communicating findings from embodied studies of listening out. The study found that silence in Northern Norway is about not listening to the economy of scale, to the commodification of the natural conditions and the suppression of lifestyles and territory. The paper illustrates how power is an inherent part of listening and how listening is a practice that is enacted to create emotions that are associated with a specific time-space relation.
Effects of a short residential thermal spa program to prevent work-related stress/burnout on stress biomarkers: the ThermStress proof of concept study
Authors: Dutheil Frédéric , Chaplais Elodie , Vilmant Audrey , Lanoir Denise , Courteix Daniel , Duche Pascale , Abergel Armand , Pfabigan Daniela M. , Han Shihui , Mondillon Laurie , Vallet Guillaume T. , Mermillod Martial , Boudet Gil , Obert Philippe , Izem Omar , Boirie Yves , Pereira Bruno , Lesage François-Xavier
Published: September 2019

Objective

Work-related stress is a public health issue. Stress has multiple physical and psychological consequences, the most serious of which are increased mortality and cardiovascular morbidity. The ThermStress protocol was designed to offer a short residential thermal spa program for work-related stress prevention that is compatible with a professional context.

Methods

Participants will be 56 male and female workers aged 18 years or above. All participants will undergo a 6-day residential spa program comprising psychological intervention, physical activity, thermal spa treatment, health education, eating disorder therapy and a follow-up. On six occasions, participants’ heart rate variability, cardiac remodelling and function, electrodermal activity, blood markers, anthropometry and body composition, psychology and quality of life will be measured using questionnaires and bone parameters.

Results

This study protocol reports the planned and ongoing research for this intervention.

Discussion

The ThermStress protocol has been approved by an institutional ethics committee (ANSM: 2016 A02082 49). It is expected that this proof of concept study will highlight the effect of a short-term specific residential thermal spa program on the prevention of occupational burnout and work-related stress. The findings will be disseminated at several research conferences and in published articles in peer-reviewed journals. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT 03536624, 24/05/2018)
Methodological issues in a cross-sectional survey on cervical cancer screening using telephone interviews in Sicily (Italy): a SWOT analysis
Authors: Costantino Claudio , Mazzucco Walter , Marotta Claudia , Saporito Laura , Bono Stefania , Fiorino Giusy Russo , Graziano Giorgio , Maniglia Marialuisa , Marchese Valentina , Napoli Giuseppe , Palmeri Sara , Provenzano Sandro , Raia Daniele Domenico , Santangelo Omar Enzo , Ventura Gianmarco , Colaceci Sofia , Giusti Angela , Casuccio Alessandra , Restivo Vincenzo
Published: September 2019

Objective

A cross-sectional study on knowledge, perceptions, and adherence to cervical cancer screening was conducted using telephone interviews of Sicilian women that were performed in 2016. This study aimed to identify areas that need to be addressed to improve the validity of data collection and to minimize possible biases.

Methods

We performed a qualitative study through SWOT analysis, which is a multidimensional method based on evaluation of Strengths (S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O), and Threats (T) of the research project. The contents of the SWOT forms underwent categorical, inductive, and deductive data analysis using the long table analysis method.

Results

The full availability of an updated address and phone number list was the main organizational aspect to be addressed. Socio-cultural context played a major role for understanding the questions and for acceptability of the topics. In some cases, a family member was a facilitating element, while in others, the family member hindered the interviews. Active involvement of general practitioners was considered essential for success of the interviews.

Conclusions

When performing a cross-sectional survey, organizational aspects and active involvement of general practitioners are crucial in the enrolment phase, regardless of the socio-cultural context.
Thymomas: five-year outcomes of open surgery and a single centre experience
Authors: Baram Aram
Published: September 2019

Objective

To present and discuss the clinical course, management, recurrence and survival of patients with thymoma at a single centre.

Methods

This prospective observational study included patients with confirmed thymoma who were diagnosed and managed over a 10-year period.

Results

The study included 89 patients (mean ± SD age, 48.53 ± 11.60 years). There were 46 (51.7%) males and 43 (48.3%) females. The mean duration of follow-up was 60 months (range, 2 months to 8 years). Stage II was the most common stage (37 [41.6%]), followed by stage I with 30 (33.7%) patients, stage IIIA with 11 (12.4%) patients, stage IVA with six (6.7%) patients and stage IIIB with five (5.6%) patients. Overall (actuarial) 5-year survival was achieved by 84 of 89 patients (94.4%). Stage-specific survival was as follows: 100% in stage I (30 of 30 patients), 100% in stage II (37 of 37 patients), 54.5% in stage IIIA (six of 11 patients), 80.0% in stage IIIB (four of five patients) and 50.0% in stage IVA (three of six patients).

Conclusion

Complete surgical resection is the main modality used for the definitive diagnosis, staging and surgical cure of thymoma.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Tibial Tunnel Placement After Anatomic Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Pedneault Christopher , Laverdière Carl , Hart Adam , Boily Mathieu , Burman Mark , Martineau Paul A.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction improves knee kinematics and joint stability in symptomatic patients who have ACL deficiency. Despite a concerted effort to place the graft within the ACL’s native attachment sites, the accuracy of tunnel placement using contemporary techniques is not well established.

Purpose:

To use 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (3D MRI) to prospectively evaluate the accuracy of tibial tunnel placement after anatomic ACL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Forty patients with symptomatic, ACL-deficient knees were prospectively enrolled in the study and underwent 3D MRI of both their injured and uninjured knees before and after surgery through use of a validated imaging protocol. The root ligament of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus was used as a radiographic reference, and the center of the reconstructed graft was compared with that of the contralateral normal knee. The tunnel angles and intra-articular graft angles were also measured, as was the percentage overlap between the native tibial footprint and tibial tunnel.

Results:

The reconstructed tibial footprint was placed at a mean ± SD of 2.14 ± 2.45 mm ( P < .001) medial and 5.11 ± 3.57 mm ( P < .001) posterior to the native ACL footprint. The mean distance between the center of the native and reconstructed ACL at the tibial attachment site was 6.24 mm. Of the 40 patients, 18 patients had a tibial tunnel that overlapped more than 50% of the native footprint, and 10 patients had maximal (100%) overlap. Further, 22 of the 40 patients had less than 50% overlap with the native footprint, and in 12 patients the footprint was missing completely.

Conclusion:

Despite the use of contemporary surgical techniques to perform anatomic ACL reconstruction, a significant positioning error in tibial tunnel placement remains.
Association of Preoperative Gluteal Muscle Fatty Infiltration With Patient Outcomes in Women After Hip Abductor Tendon Repair Augmented With LARS
Authors: Ebert Jay R. , Smith Anne , Breidahl William , Fallon Michael , Janes Gregory C.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Hip abductor tendon repair has demonstrated encouraging outcomes. The influence of fatty infiltration (FI) on outcome has not been explored.

Purpose:

To investigate the association between preoperative hip abductor FI and clinical outcome after hip abductor tendon repair.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A total of 84 women underwent hip abductor tendon repair. The mean age was 64.6 years (range, 43-84 years); body mass index, 27.7 (range, 20.0-40.2); and duration of symptoms, 3.4 years (range, 6 months–20 years). The 6-minute walk test, isometric hip abduction strength assessment, and patient-reported outcome measures, including the Harris Hip Score and Oxford Hip Score, were completed presurgery and 2 years after surgery. Patient satisfaction and perceived improvement were assessed 2 years after surgery. All patients underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging on the affected hip, and the Goutallier system was used to grade the degree of FI in the anterior, middle, and posterior thirds of the gluteus medius and minimus on a 0-4 ordinal scale. A single FI score for the gluteus medius and minimus was calculated, as was a combined FI score.

Results:

All clinical scores significantly improved over time ( P < .001). Preoperatively, FI was more severe in the gluteus minimus, with the most severe FI (grades 2-4) demonstrated in the middle (n = 56, 66.7%) and anterior (n = 17, 20.2%) portions of the gluteus minimus and the middle (n = 27, 32.1%) and anterior (n = 12, 14.3%) portions of the gluteus medius. Older age was associated with greater FI (combined FI score: r = 0.529, P < .001), although duration of symptoms ( r = 0.035, P = .753) and body mass index ( r = 0.089, P = .464) were not. Greater FI was associated with less improvement in hip strength of the unaffected leg (coefficient, –1.6, 95% CI: −2.8 to −0.4), although no other significant associations were observed between FI and pre- or postoperative clinical scores.

Conclusion:

Preoperative FI was not associated with pertinent parameters of patient outcome after hip abductor tendon repair, including pain, symptoms, functional capacity, perceived improvement, and satisfaction. Based on these outcomes, surgical repair may be considered in the presence of more severe FI.
An Examination of Preservice Teachers’ Self-Efficacy and Beliefs About Inclusive Education
Authors: Metsala Jamie L. , Harkins Mary Jane
Published: September 2019

Teachers’ self-efficacy and beliefs are important to classroom practices and student success. In this study, the authors examine preservice teachers’ self-efficacy and beliefs related to inclusive education. One hundred seventy-nine preservice teachers enrolled in secondary or elementary education programs participated in this study. Overall, participants in elementary versus secondary programs felt more responsible for students with disabilities and more efficacious with inclusive practices. At the same time, preservice teachers in the secondary program and those in their second (vs. first) year rated themselves higher on negative beliefs about inclusive education and viewed ability as more of a fixed and stable trait. Preservice teachers with a history of reading difficulty had higher teacher self-efficacy than those without this history. The factors examined in this study accounted for about a third of the variance in each of preservice teachers’ self-efficacy for inclusive instructional practices and in their negative beliefs about inclusive education. Epistemological beliefs about ability emerged as a strong predictor of preservice teachers’ negative beliefs about inclusive education. The results from this study are discussed within the context of preparing teachers for the inclusive classroom.
Validation of a Breastfeeding History Questionnaire for the Risk of In-Hospital Formula Supplementation Among Multiparous Women
Authors: Bender Whitney R. , Koelper Nathanael C. , Sammel Mary D. , Durnwald Celeste
Published: September 2019

Background:

A woman’s prior breastfeeding history may influence future decisions regarding infant feeding. Few quantitative tools utilizing this information have been demonstrated to predict breastfeeding success.

Research aim:

To evaluate the efficacy of a prenatal breastfeeding history (BAP) questionnaire administered in prenatal care to predict in-hospital formula supplementation among multiparous women.

Methods:

This is a prospective observational study of multiparous women with singleton pregnancies who presented to a Baby-Friendly urban tertiary care center for 1st prenatal visit at < 20 weeks’ gestation. The BAP tool generates a numerical score, with higher score (≥ 2) indicating prior successful breastfeeding experiences. The primary outcome was occurrence of non-medically indicated formula supplementation during the postpartum hospital stay. Student’s t test and Pearson’s chi-square test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship of BAP score to formula supplementation. Of 587 women screened, 433 (73.8%) mother–infant dyads were analyzed.

Results:

Rates of formula supplementation in women with BAP scores ≤ 1 were 67% (156/234) compared with 37% (73/199) in women with higher scores ( p < 0.0001). After controlling for race/ethnicity, insurance, and obesity, women with BAP scores of ≤ 1 were 2.6 times more likely to supplement formula than women with higher scores (a OR 2.62, 95% CI [1.70, 4.04], p < .0001).

Conclusion:

In this prospective validation study, women with negative prior breastfeeding experiences, as evidenced by a lower BAP score, were more likely to supplement formula during the postpartum hospital stay.
Social Innovation in Disability Nonprofits: An Abductive Study of Capabilities for Social Change
Authors: Taylor Rachel , Torugsa Nuttaneeya (Ann) , Arundel Anthony
Published: September 2019

This study uses an abduction-based approach to identify the capabilities harnessed by nonprofit organizations (NPOs) as they develop social innovations. The context of this study is the Australian disability sector currently undergoing a once-in-a-generation social policy reform with the implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme. Data from extensive field observation and 52 interviews were collected during “researcher-in-residences” at two disability NPOs and analyzed using thematic coding and practice–theory iteration to arrive at a “working” hypothesis. The findings reveal many capabilities used by disability NPOs on the path to social innovation development. The complex interplay of these capabilities forms five pivotal capabilities (i.e., transformational empathy, place-based relationing, diversity learning, paradoxical change making, and complexity leadership) for eliciting nonprofit social innovation (NSI) with community and system-level impacts.
The Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Clinical Trials
Authors: Schepici Giovanni , Silvestro Serena , Bramanti Placido , Mazzon Emanuela
Published: September 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating, and degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. A recent study showed that interaction between the immune system and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of MS. This review reports the clinical studies carried out in recent years that aimed to evaluate the composition of the microbiota in patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RR-MS). We also report what is available in the literature regarding the effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation and the role of the diet in restoring the intestinal bacterial population. Studies report that patients with RR-MS have a microbiota that, compared with healthy controls, has higher amounts of Pedobacteria, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Mycoplana, Acinetobacter, Eggerthella, Dorea, Blautia, Streptococcus and Akkermansia. In contrast, MS patients have a microbiota with impoverished microbial populations of Prevotella, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Haemophilus, Sutterella, Adlercreutzia, Coprobacillus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Anaerostipes and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, the restoration of the microbial population in patients with RR-MS appears to reduce inflammatory events and the reactivation of the immune system.
Evaluation of a novel screening method for fetal aneuploidy using cell-free DNA in maternal plasma
Authors: Porreco Richard P , Sekedat Matthew , Bombard Allan , Garite Thomas J , Maurel Kimberly , Marusiak Barbara , Adair David , Bleich April , Combs C Andrew , Kramer Wayne , Longo Sherri , Nageotte Michael , Samuel Amber , Vanderhoeven Jeroen , Buis Jeff , Jacobs Kevin B , Stoerker Jay
Published: September 2019

Objective

To evaluate the test performance of a novel sequencing technology using molecular inversion probes applied to cell-free DNA screening for fetal aneuploidy.

Methods

Two cohorts were included in the evaluation; a risk-based cohort of women receiving diagnostic testing in the first and second trimesters was combined with stored samples from pregnancies with fetuses known to be aneuploid or euploid. All samples were blinded to testing personnel before being analyzed, and validation occurred after the study closed and results were merged.

Results

Using the new sequencing technology, 1414 samples were analyzed. The findings showed sensitivities and specificities for the common trisomies and the sex chromosome aneuploidies at >99% (Trisomy 21 sensitivity 99.2 CI 95.6–99.2; specificity 99.9 CI 99.6–99.9). Positive predictive values among the trisomies varied from 85.2% (Trisomy 18) to 99.0% (Trisomy 21), reflecting their prevalence rates in the study. Comparisons with a meta-analysis of recent cell-free DNA screening publications demonstrated equivalent test performance.

Conclusion

This new technology demonstrates equivalent test performance compared with alternative sequencing approaches, and demonstrates that each chromosome can be successfully interrogated using a single probe.
Characteristics of subclinical Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in a captive white-tailed deer herd
Authors: Palmer Mitchell V. , Kanipe Carly , Cox Rebecca , Robbe-Austerman Suelee , Thacker Tyler C.
Published: September 2019

Paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease) is caused by Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP), and affects both domestic and wild ruminants, including cattle, goats, sheep, and deer. In cattle, most infections occur during calfhood followed by a prolonged incubation period of 1–2 y or more before cows shed culturable numbers of MAP bacilli in their feces. As disease progresses, infected animals develop protein-losing enteropathy, intractable diarrhea, and weight loss. In a cohort of 32 clinically normal deer from a herd with a history of periodic clinical paratuberculosis, we found that subclinical infection was characterized by high rates of infection, common involvement of mesenteric lymph nodes, minimal lesion formation, few intralesional acid-fast bacilli, and low-level fecal shedding of MAP. The characteristics of subclinical paratuberculosis in white-tailed deer resemble those of cattle and red deer, although microscopic lesions were less common in subclinical deer than reported for subclinical cattle, and we did not see necrotizing granulomas as described in subclinical red deer and elk.
Political Realism as Anti-scholastic Practice: Methodological Lessons from Muckraking Journalism
Authors: Maloy J. S.
Published: September 2019

What does the trend of “realism” in political theory portend, if anything, for how social and political scientists do their work? We can best see where realism’s rubber hits the road by re-examining the methodological comparison between political science and political journalism, according to which the academic field has long harbored assumptions of its own superiority. When the comparison between these two approaches to knowledge about politics is explicitly made, political science is typically justified by reference to distinctive (and higher) purposes and methods. Here, we reconsider conventional assumptions by reconstructing the journalistic practices and methodological reflections of two early figures in the American muckraking tradition, Lincoln Steffens and R. S. Baker. While their purposes were similar to those upheld by advocates of a publicly engaged political science, their methods, somewhat more surprisingly, are also applicable to the academic profession. Several anti-scholastic lessons on method—relevant to qualitative, quantitative, and interpretive approaches alike—emerge from the muckrakers’ example. The realist movement in political theory is congruent with the proposition that political science’s superiority complex is less easily defended and more obstructive to good research practice than even the most civically engaged researchers commonly assume.
Ethics curriculum in Indigenous Pacific: a Solomon Islands study
Authors: Sanga Kabini
Published: September 2019

A central feature of Indigenous Solomon Islands socialization of family, clan and tribal members is character-shaping. What this looks like, however, has not been researched. This study provides a first look at what is taught as ethics education in Indigenous Solomon Islands. Using data from a wider qualitative study of an Indigenous tribe of Mala’ita Island in the Solomon Islands archipelago, the study is authored and gifted by a Mala’ita Indigenous ethics educator to other Indigenous Pacific and other global educators and researchers. The study findings include: a clearer understanding of Indigenous Mala’ita ethics education including its integrated curriculum, its emphasis on character-shaping and its particular age-gender variations and pedagogies. The study offers pragmatic, conceptual, pedagogical, contextual and research insights for institutional and societal ethics education in Solomon Islands and other Pacific Islands modern states and to others interested in understanding ethics in context.
Decomposing and relating user engagement in festivals’ virtual brand communities: An analysis of Sónar’s Twitter and Facebook
Authors: Garay Lluís , Morales Soledad
Published: September 2019

Festival branding is undergoing a revolution based on the consolidation of new communicative behaviours in virtual brand communities (VBCs), above all, channelled through social media platforms. Although the literature on festivals has analysed engagement in VBCs, this study provides an in-depth observation of the profiles of festival VBCs users, how they modulate engagement attributes and behaviours and how these relate to their engagement focus, highlighting festival branding while also considering other main focuses (i.e. social capital creation and place-making). Thus, this article aims to characterize these elements in festivals’ VBCs through a multidimensional analysis of nearly 2150 entries in the Twitter and Facebook VBCs of one of the most prominent music festivals in Europe, Sónar (Barcelona). Moreover, it does so through a longitudinal observation covering a whole year, showing the relevance of ongoing communication to festival success. The results show the benefits (for organizers as well as other users) of understanding these elements and their mutual relationships.
An Automated Refusal Conversion Strategy for Web Surveys
Authors: Lewis Taylor , Gorsak Mark , Yount Naomi
Published: September 2019

This article presents results from an experiment conducted during the web-based 2017 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey (FEVS) to evaluate an automated refusal conversion strategy whereby a sample of individuals was given the opportunity to opt out from the survey and stop receiving additional e-mail reminders. Before being added to the unsubscribe list, however, the individual was asked to cite the primary reason for choosing not to take the FEVS. A randomly assigned subset was given a last-moment appeal, tailored to the reason provided, at which point the individual could either confirm desiring to opt out or navigate to the start of the survey. Because the complementary subset did not receive the appeal, we are able to report on the efficacy of the strategy in convincing individuals who may not have been initially inclined to participate to do so.
Incorporating Case-Based Reasoning for Radiation Therapy Knowledge Modeling: A Pelvic Case Study
Authors: Sheng Yang , Zhang Jiahan , Wang Chunhao , Yin Fang-Fang , Wu Q. Jackie , Ge Yaorong
Published: September 2019

Knowledge models in radiotherapy capture the relation between patient anatomy and dosimetry to provide treatment planning guidance. When treatment schemes evolve, existing models struggle to predict accurately. We propose a case-based reasoning framework designed to handle novel anatomies that are of same type but vary beyond original training samples. A total of 105 pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy cases were analyzed. Eighty cases were prostate cases while the other 25 were prostate-plus-lymph-node cases. We simulated 4 scenarios: Scarce scenario, Semiscarce scenario, Semiample scenario, and Ample scenario. For the Scarce scenario, a multiple stepwise regression model was trained using 85 cases (80 prostate, 5 prostate-plus-lymph-node). The proposed workflow started with evaluating the feature novelty of new cases against 5 training prostate-plus-lymph-node cases using leverage statistic. The case database was composed of a 5-case dose atlas. Case-based dose prediction was compared against the regression model prediction using sum of squared residual. Mean sum of squared residual of case-based and regression predictions for the bladder of 13 identified outliers were 0.174 ± 0.166 and 0.459 ± 0.508, respectively ( P = .0326). For the rectum, the respective mean sum of squared residuals were 0.103 ± 0.120 and 0.150 ± 0.171 for case-based and regression prediction ( P = .1972). By retaining novel cases, under the Ample scenario, significant statistical improvement was observed over the Scarce scenario ( P = .0398) for the bladder model. We expect that the incorporation of case-based reasoning that judiciously applies appropriate predictive models could improve overall prediction accuracy and robustness in clinical practice.
Jules Pean (1830-1898)—A Pioneer Surgeon: His Achievements and His Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Markatos Konstantinos , Sardiniari Sophia , Brilakis Emmanouil , Apostolopoulos Ioannis , Tsoucalas Gregory , Chronopoulos Efstathios
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to summarize the life and work of the French surgeon Jules Pean (1830-1898). Pean made an impact in the history of surgery through his work and especially with his innovative surgical techniques in abdominal surgery and in orthopedics as well as with the invention of numerous surgical instruments. He also made an impact with his pioneering total shoulder arthroplasty.
Formation of a National Lifestyle Medicine Network to Benefit Patients and Lifestyle Medicine Providers
Authors: Donohue David , Dysinger Wayne , Benigas Susan
Published: September 2019

The American College of Lifestyle Medicine (ACLM) is forming a Lifestyle Medicine Provider Network (LMPN). The goal of this network is 2-fold: (1) to provide significant benefits to patients by focusing on the adoption of intensive evidence-based lifestyle medicine (LM) therapies to treat and reverse chronic disease and (2) to benefit LM providers by supporting their practice operations and optimizing contracting and reimbursement opportunities. The 2 phases of the network development will include (1) network formation and practice standardization and (2) deployment for group contracting. LMPN will be organized as a special project of the ACLM, with leadership provided through the ACLM LMPN Task Force. As part of this first phase, ACLM will devote the necessary resources to establish the network and promote LM training, certification, and sharing of best practices across the network. The second phase will necessitate the establishment of a separate corporate entity, enabling the acquisition of the required capital and expertise to fully realize the potential of LMPN deployment. Strategic direction will be provided by a LMPN Board of Advisors, consisting of select network members as well as select members of ACLM’s Board of Directors. The first priority of the LMPN will be to recruit interested and qualifying LM practitioners and standardize the LM approach and process of care delivery, starting with high-value services, such as chronic care management. The focus on maximizing existing provider program incentives avails the LMPN the fastest and most efficient path to demonstrating value to its members and to its client base.