bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Benefits of Short-Term Research-Integrated Study Abroad
Authors: Ruth Alissa , Brewis Alexandra , Blasco Drew , Wutich Amber
Published: July 2018

Study abroad and research experiences are proven high-impact pedagogical tools, but are rarely combined at scale. We integrated highly structured research experiences into short-term study abroad programs across multiple countries, then tested for longer term student perceived impacts. Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of postgraduation data provided by 118 former participants, we identified positive self-reported impacts across a range of domains relevant to longer term academic and career success (e.g., professional connections, specific skills, worldview, and personal growth). Themes and subthemes were consistently similar by minority status, gender, and program locations. Inclusion of highly structured research experiences in short-term study abroad can provide additional value to students. The benefits would accrue most especially to women and minority students who have less on-campus access to traditional science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)-field research mentoring and are accordingly underrepresented in the research-career pipeline.
Beyond Black and White: An Analysis of Newspaper Representations of Alleged Criminal Offenders Based on Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Colburn Alayna , Melander Lisa A.
Published: July 2018

Media has a substantial role in providing knowledge about crime to the public; however, many representations of crime and criminality perpetuate damaging racial stereotypes. The purpose of this study is to identify how minorities are portrayed in print media as compared to their White counterparts. The study includes an ethnographic content analysis of newspaper crime stories and accompanying images from widely circulated newspapers published between August 1, 2014, and October 31, 2014. Findings reveal minorities are not only overrepresented in crime story images, but closer examination uncovers nuanced differences in the type and quality of pictures by race and ethnicity.
A Black Teen, a White Cop, and a City in Turmoil: Analyzing Newspaper Reports on Ferguson, Missouri and the Death of Michael Brown
Authors: Potterf Jebadiha E. , Pohl Jason R.
Published: July 2018

Understanding how newspapers depict fatal shootings of minority men by police, and how this affects implicit biases, may offer insight into why such shootings continue to occur. Through an analysis of national newspaper articles immediately following the death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, we investigate how these events are framed regarding the use of victim-supporting, social justice frames or law enforcement–supporting, law and order frames. We then theorize how this might contribute to the perpetuation of implicit biases. We find social justice frames appear more frequently than law and order frames during this period. This shift in the presentation of information might affect the reinforcement of implicit biases that the news media is often accused of causing.
Modeling Learners in Educational Games: Relationship Between Playing and Learning Styles
Authors: Hamdaoui Nabila , Khalidi Idrissi Mohammed , Bennani Samir
Published: July 2018

Background: Video games are very well known for their intrinsic adaptivity; as they adapt the gameplay to the player’s preferences and rhythm. In addition to adapting the gameplay, educational games should also adapt the learning content to match the learner’s competencies, preferences, playing and learning styles. Determining the playing style in an educational game is made possible by collecting certain metrics and information susceptible of monitoring the player’s interactions in the game. However, it is still a challenge to assess the learner’s learning style.

Aim: This study examines the correlation between learning and playing styles. It has been acknowledged that both playing and learning styles are related to personality. After examining the personality traits of each style of both Kolb’s learning styles and Bartle’s playing styles, it was hypothesized that there would be a correlation between the two. In that purpose, a quantitative research was conducted to explore the relationship between the two taxonomies.

Method: One hundred high school students majoring in science in Morocco have completed Kolb’s learning style inventory (version 3.1) as well as the Bartle test questionnaire developed by Andreasen and Downey. The statistical correlation between the two taxonomies was investigated using cross-tabulation, Chi-square/Fisher’s exact test and Pearson coefficient.

Results: Results revealed a relevant interdependency between Kolb’s learning styles and Bartle’s playing styles. The ‘convergent’ type was found to correlate with Bartle’s explorer type; the majority of assimilators adopt the killer type in a game; accomodators tend to be achievers and divergers prefer to be socializers. In terms of learning styles, it was noticed that the majority of participants adopted the converging and the assimilating learning styles; which is in line with what it is indicated in Kolb’s inventory. Results have also shown that learning and playing styles are gender independent. It was concluded that the learning style can be predicted, based on the playing style.
The Experiences of Muslim Family Members of Critically Ill Patients During End-of-Life Care in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study
Authors: Al Mutair Abbas , Al Shaer Abdulaziz , Al Ghamdi Fay , Al Ghamdi Arwa
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to identify the needs, beliefs, and practices of Muslim family members during the end-of-life care for a family member in the intensive care unit (ICU) in Saudi Arabia. This was a phenomenological study using in-depth individual interviews to gather data. Ten family members of adult ICU patients receiving end-of-life care were interviewed. The experiences of family members during end-of-life care were reflected in four major themes: (a) the spirituality of death, (b) family’s need for information, (c) being there, and (d) the ICU environment. Participants placed high value on religious practices such as prayer, and appreciated when these practices could be accommodated in the ICU. Family participants also detailed their need for frequent communication and opportunities to ask questions about the care of their critically ill loved one. Being able to spend as much time as desired in close proximity to the critically ill patient particularly as the end of life approaches was also important, with participants suggesting that visitation times should be waived. Finally, family participant suggested that changes were needed to the ICU environment to make accommodating large families easier and more comfortable particularly when they wish to spend significant time at the bedside of their loved one. Family should be prioritized as an extension of the care provided to critically ill ICU patients, particularly those approaching end of life. A model of care should be introduced to deliver supportive and holistic care during the end-of-life care journey, supported by appropriate education regarding family care at the end of life.
Need for a Judicious Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs to Avoid Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Pai Amy Barton , Divine Holly , Marciniak Macary , Morreale Anthony , Saseen Joseph J. , Say Kenneth , Segal Alissa R. , Norton Jenna M. , Narva Andrew S.
Published: July 2018

Millions of Americans use over-the-counter analgesics on a daily basis, and nearly 100 million nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) prescriptions are filled per year. In high-risk patients, these medications can disrupt kidney hemodynamics and precipitate community-acquired acute kidney injury (CA-AKI). The risk of NSAID-associated CA-AKI increases 3- to 5-fold in patients taking renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and diuretics concurrently. CA-AKI increases the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) or accelerating progression of pre-existing CKD. Importantly, many cases of NSAID-induced CA-AKI may be avoided by identifying high-risk patients and providing patient and provider education on when to avoid these medications and minimize risk.
ACTG2-Associated Visceral Myopathy With Chronic Intestinal Pseudoobstruction, Intestinal Malrotation, Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis, Choledochal Cyst, and a Novel Missense Mutation
Authors: Collins Rebecca R. J. , Barth Bradley , Megison Stephen , Pfeifer Cory M. , Rice Luke M. , Harris Samar , Timmons Charles F. , Rakheja Dinesh
Published: July 2018

Primary visceral myopathy caused by a pathogenic mutation in the gene encoding the enteric smooth muscle actin gamma 2 ( ACTG2) affects gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and often presents as chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction. We present a case of pediatric onset chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction associated with a novel missense ACTG2 mutation c.439G>T/p.G147C. In addition to the known disease manifestations of feeding intolerance and intestinal malrotation, our patient had a late-onset hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and a late-onset choledochal cyst, the former of which has not previously been described in patients with ACTG2-associated visceral myopathy.
Giant Cell Poor Extra-Articular Diffuse-Type Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor With Extensive Desmin Expression: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall With Cytogenetic Confirmation
Authors: Lopez Liurka , Schoedel Karen , John Ivy
Published: July 2018

Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor can rarely present as an entirely extra-articular mass, which can be misdiagnosed as a sarcoma especially when giant cells are absent, dominated by large dendritic mononuclear cells, and desmin expression is extensive.
Diagnosis Confirmation Model: A Value-Based Pricing Model for Inpatient Novel Antibiotics
Authors: Lum Ka , Bhatti Taimur , Holland Silas , Guthrie Mark , Sassman Stephanie
Published: July 2018

The Diagnosis Confirmation Model (DCM) includes a dual-pricing mechanism designed to support value-based pricing of novel antibiotics while improving the alignment of financial incentives with their optimal use in patients at high risk of drug-resistant infections. DCM is a market-based model and complementary to delinked models. Policymakers interested in stimulating antibiotic innovation could consider tailoring the DCM to their reimbursement systems and incorporating it into the suite of incentives to improve the economics of antibiotics.
Our Ethical Obligation to Treat Opioid Use Disorder in Prisons: A Patient and Physician's Perspective
Authors: Bone Curtis , Eysenbach Lindsay , Bell Kristen , Barry Declan T.
Published: July 2018

The opioid epidemic has claimed the lives of more than 183,000 individuals since 1999 and is now the leading cause of accidental death in the United States. Meanwhile, rates of incarceration have quadrupled in recent decades, and drug use is the leading cause of incarceration. Medication-assisted treatment or MAT (i.e. methadone, buprenorphine) is the gold standard for treatment of opioid use disorder. Incarcerated individuals with opioid use disorder treated with methadone or buprenorphine have a lower risk of overdose, lower rates of hepatitis C transmission, and lower rates of re-incarceration. Despite evidence of improved outcomes, many jails and prisons do not offer MAT to individuals with opioid use disorder. This seems partly due to a scientifically unjustified preference for an abstinence-only treatment approach. The absence of MAT in prisons and jails results in poor outcomes for individuals and poses a public health threat to communities. Furthermore, it disproportionately harms poor communities and communities of color. Health care providers in prisons and jails have an ethical obligation to offer MAT to individuals with opioid use disorder to mitigate risk of infectious diseases, opioid overdose and health disparities associated with incarceration.
Civil Litigation and the Opioid Epidemic: The Role of Courts in a National Health Crisis
Authors: Gluck Abbe R. , Hall Ashley , Curfman Gregory
Published: July 2018

The devastating impact of the national opioid epidemic has given rise to hundreds of lawsuits. This article details the extremely broad range of legal claims, compares the opioid cases to other public health litigation efforts, including tobacco, and describes the special mechanism — a multidistrict litigation — through which more than 700 opioid-related cases have been consolidated thus far, with settlement almost certain to follow.
State Responses to the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Parker Andrew M. , Strunk Daniel , Fiellin David A.
Published: July 2018

This paper focuses on the most common state policy responses to the opioid crisis, dividing them into six broad categories. Within each category we highlight the rationale behind the group of policies within it, discuss the details and support for individual policies, and explore the research base behind them. The objective is to better understand the most prevalent state responses to the opioid crisis.
The Opioid Crisis in Black Communities
Authors: James Keturah , Jordan Ayana
Published: July 2018

While much of the social and political attention surrounding the nationwide opioid epidemic has focused on the dramatic increase in overdose deaths among white, middle-class, suburban and rural users, the impact of the epidemic in Black communities has largely been unrecognized. Though rates of opioid use at the national scale are higher for whites than they are for Blacks, rates of increase in opioid deaths have been rising more steeply among Blacks (43%) than whites (22%) over the last five years. Moreover, the rate of opioid overdose deaths among Blacks already exceeds that of whites in several states. The lack of discussion of Black overdose deaths in the national opioid discourse further marginalizes Black people, and is highly consistent with a history of framing the addictions of people of color as deserving of criminal punishment, rather than worthy of medical treatment. This article argues that, because racial inequalities are embedded in American popular and political cultures as well as in medicine, the federal and state governments should develop more culturally targeted programs to benefit Black communities in the opioid crisis. Such programs include the use of faith-based organizations to deliver substance use prevention and treatment services, the inclusion of racial impact assessments in the implementation of drug policy proposals, and the formal consideration of Black people's interaction with the criminal justice system in designing treatment options.
The Opioid Epidemic in Indian Country
Authors: Tipps Robin T. , Buzzard Gregory T. , McDougall John A.
Published: July 2018

The national opioid epidemic is severely impacting Indian Country. In this article, we draw upon data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to describe the contours of this crisis among Native Americans. While these data are subject to significant limitations, we show that Native American opioid overdose mortality rates have grown substantially over the last seventeen years. We further find that this increase appears to at least parallel increases seen among non-Hispanic whites, who are often thought to be uniquely affected by this crisis. We then profile tribal medical and legal responses to the opioid epidemic, ranging from tribally-operated medication-assisted therapy to drug diversion courts rooted in traditional tribal cultures.
Cracking the Code: Using Data to Combat the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Martinez Catherine
Published: July 2018

The goal of this article is to understand the value of data and to call for efforts to explore improved data sharing and collection among local, state, and federal agencies. It discusses the data available and existing barriers to sharing it. It also looks at examples of data sharing initiatives and analysis, such as mapping and visualization tools. The article then examines relevant regulations and calls for reforms. Finally, the article considers objections, including privacy interests, data security, and the costs and benefits of data sharing initiatives.
The Ethical Case for Mandating HPV Vaccination
Authors: Bayefsky Michelle J.
Published: July 2018

When the HPV vaccine was released over a decade ago, there was intense opposition to mandating the vaccine, including among bioethics and legal scholars. Some of the original concerns are now obsolete, while other objections continue to present an obstacle to mandating the vaccine. This essay responds to earlier critiques of mandatory HPV vaccination and offers a series of arguments in support of a vaccine mandate. The first section briefly addresses initial concerns that are no longer relevant. The second section makes the ethical case for mandating HPV vaccination, based on three principles: 1) the best interests of children, 2) solidarity, and 3) health equity. The final section addresses concerns related to implementation of the vaccine, including the validity of linking vaccination to school entry. The essay concludes that we have a moral imperative to protect children from the leading cause of cervical cancer, and that mandating HPV vaccination is the best way to ensure that children of all backgrounds receive the vaccine before they have been exposed to the virus.
The Boundaries of “Good Behavior” and Judicial Competence: Exploring Responsibilities and Authority Limitations of Cognitive Specialists in the Regulation of Incapacitated Judges
Authors: Hamm Brandon , Esplin Bryn S.
Published: July 2018

Both law and medicine rely on self-regulation and codes of professionalism to ensure duties are performed in a competent, ethical manner. Unlike physicians, however, judges are lawyers themselves, so judicial oversight is also self-regulation. As previous literature has highlighted, the hesitation to report a cognitively-compromised judge has resulted in an “opensecret” amongst lawyers who face numerous conflicts of interest.

Through a case study involving a senior judge with severe cognitive impairment, this article considers the unique ethical dilemmas that cognitive specialists may encounter when navigating duties to patient, society, and the medical profession, without clear legal guidance.

Systemic self-regulatory inadequacies in the legal profession are addressed, as well as challenges that arise when trying to preserve the trust and dignity of an incapacitated patient who must fulfill special duties to society.

Ultimately, because of their unique neurological expertise and impartial assessments, we submit that allowing cognitive specialists to submit their assessments to an internal judiciary board may act as an additional check and balance to ensure the fair and competent administration of justice.
Imminent Death Donation: Ethical and Practical Policy Considerations
Authors: Potter Jordan
Published: July 2018

While the practice of organ donation after cardiac death has long been trending upwards in acceptance and use, it is still a highly controversial and practically inefficient method of organ procurement. One policy that has recently been proposed to try and alleviate some of the ethical and practical concerns with organ donation after cardiac death is the practice of imminent death organ donation. This type of live organ donation comes in patients at the end of their life who have decided to withdraw life-sustaining treatment, but still want to ensure that their organs are donated and not wasted, which isn't always the case with organ donation after cardiac death. This paper then gives some ethical and practical reflections and recommendations regarding the potential implementation of this controversial practice into regular transplant practice and policy.
A Psychometric Examination of the Anagram Persistence Task: More Than Two Unsolvable Anagrams May Not Be Better
Authors: Gignac Gilles E. , Wong Ka Ki
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this investigation was to examine a single-anagram, a double-anagram, and multi-anagram versions of the Anagram Persistence Task (APT) for factorial validity, reliability, and convergent validity. Additionally, a battery of intelligence tests was administered to examine convergent validity. Based on an unrestricted factor analysis, two factors were uncovered from the 14 anagram (seven very difficult and seven very easy) response times: test-taking persistence and verbal processing speed. The internal consistency reliabilities for the single-anagram, double-anagram, and multi-anagram (seven difficult anagrams) measures were .42, .85, and .86, respectively. Furthermore, all three versions of the APT correlated positively with intelligence test performance ( r ≈ .22). However, the double-anagram and multi-anagram versions also evidenced negative, nonlinear effects with intelligence test performance ( r ≈ −.15), which suggested the possibility of testee adaptation. Taking psychometrics and administration time into consideration, simultaneously, the double-anagram version of the APT may be regarded as preferred.
Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Concurrent Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Archontogeorgis Kostas , Voulgaris Athanasios , Papanas Nikolaos , Nena Evangelia , Froudarakis Marios , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Steiropoulos Paschalis
Published: July 2018

Evidence suggests that there is platelet activation in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our objective is to evaluate mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) in patients with overlap syndrome (OS), that is, concurrent COPD with OSAS. Mean platelet volume and PDW were assessed in consecutive patients who had undergone polysomnography and pulmonary function testing. They were divided into the following groups: controls (apnea–hypopnea index [AHI] <5/hour, and forced expiratory volume in 1st second [FEV1]/forced vital capacity [FVC] >70%), OSAS group (AHI ≥5/hour and FEV1/FVC >70%), and OS group (AHI ≥5/hour and FEV1/FVC <70%). A total of 485 patients (360 males and 125 females) were included. Mean platelet volume in controls was lower compared with the other groups: 10 ± 0.9 fL for controls versus 10.3 ± 1.2 fL for OSAS ( P = .006), versus 10.7 ± 1 fL for OS ( P < .001). Additionally, MPV was higher in OS group than OSAS: 10.7 ± 1 fL versus 10.3 ± 1.2 fL, respectively ( P = .002). Platelet distribution width was lower in controls compared with the other groups: 12.9 ± 2 fL for controls versus 13.6 ± 1.9 fL for OSAS ( P = .007), versus 13.8 ± 2.3 fL for OS ( P = .008), while there was no difference between OS and OSAS groups. Mean platelet volume and PDW are increased in patients with OS compared with healthy controls, with respiratory function being the major contributor in platelet activation in this series.
Surgical Echocardiography of the MV: Focus on 3D
Authors: Bhatia Meena , Kumar Priya , Martinelli Susan M.
Published: July 2018

The mitral valve remains a complex structure where multiple forms of pathology can be seen. Mitral regurgitation continues to be one of the most common valvular diseases in the industrialized world. While intraoperative 2-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography has been commonplace for some time, 3-dimensional technology has emerged and has shown great benefit for diagnosis and guidance during mitral valve surgery. In the hands of a trained sonographer, high-quality real-time images can easily be obtained and correlate well with gross anatomical findings. The use of multiple angled views and color Doppler within 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography has become a valuable asset in the understanding and interpretation of the mitral valve for surgical interventions.
Using telemonitoring to support personal care planning for adults with learning disabilities
Authors: Bramley George , Mangan Catherine , Conroy Mervyn
Published: July 2018

Introduction

We report on an evaluation of the Just Right approach for planning care for adults with learning disabilities and how it can support culture change. Just Right combines installing a telemonitoring system with training for care managers in person-centred care planning and the interpretation of charts that summarise activity data for their setting. By providing insights into the needs of individuals Just Right allows existing care provision to be reviewed to ensure it is ‘just right’. The Just Right approach can also potentially identify over-care and resources that can released.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach was used, triangulating qualitative and quantitative baseline and follow-up data. Qualitative data were collected before and after implementation from focus groups on barriers, enablers, success outcomes and impacts. A theory of change was developed. Detailed data on individual adults with learning disabilities were collected before and after installation of equipment using a linked online survey completed by their care managers.

Results

Nine commissioning local authorities were recruited with 33 care providers serving 417 adults with learning disabilities. Issues relating to implementation included staff acceptance, culture, consent, safeguarding, local authority engagement, interpretation of data and residential setting. Changes to care were identified for 20.3% of individuals, with 66% of providers not identifying any changes because Just Right confirmed that they were providing the right level of support.

Discussion

By combining telemonitoring and person-centred care planning, Just Right provides a holistic approach and necessary information for conversations amongst stakeholders about the care needs of adults with learning disabilities. Depending on how it is introduced, and the nature of conversations held, the Just Right approach can potentially change culture, leading to improved outcomes.
Probabilistic mechanical modelling of concrete creep based on the boundary element method
Authors: Oliveira Hugo Luiz , Chateauneuf Alaa , Leonel Edson Denner
Published: July 2018

The prediction of the future structural behaviour is an essential activity during the design phase. In this study, a novel numerical framework is proposed for investigating the future structural behaviour of two-dimensional structures. The model utilizes the boundary element method for obtaining the mechanical responses. The constitutive material is admitted to manifest viscoelastic response, which enables it to creep. The input parameters such as material, loads parameters and geometry dimensions are considered to possess random characteristics. A probabilistic criterion is proposed using metamodelling by the response surface method. All these features make the proposed numerical model more realistic. As an application, a specific structure is utilized, which is inspired from the real world. The results demonstrate that small geometric deviations do not necessarily impact the global reliability of the structure. At the same time, load estimations have major influence on the global structural reliability. The numerical framework proposed can be utilized for preliminary investigations on the design phase in order to aid the engineers into the decision-making process. Moreover, these observations demonstrate that the boundary element method can be efficiently coupled to other numerical strategies in order to elaborate new robust numerical frameworks able to represent realistically engineering problems.
Who has a say in political news? An analysis of sourcing trends in the Chilean quality press
Authors: Gronemeyer Maria Elena , León-Porath Victoria , Porath William
Published: July 2018

Based on journalistic sourcing theory, this article analyses sources used in political news in the Chilean elite press to establish whether there is a tendency to diversify them or a persistent pattern of favouring official and mainstream sources. The Chilean case may serve as a ‘laboratory’ for observing journalistic sourcing within a context of highly concentrated ownership of the quality press, which is attributed with being a right-wing ideological duopoly. We conducted a quantitative content analysis of political news published in constructed weeks from 2007, 2011 and 2015, years in which the left and centre-right government coalitions alternated. Our three objectives were, first, to determine whether the sourcing practices used by these media outlets follow the typical pattern of using mainly official and mainstream sources; second, if there is significant uniformity in sourcing in the elite press due to the concentration of media ownership and considering the right-wing ideological monopoly attributed to the quality press; and third, whether variations in sourcing occur following a change of government and if there is evidence of a systematic tendency to cite sources from a particular political affiliation.
‘All people living in Norway could become Norwegian’: How ordinary people blur the boundaries of nationhood
Authors: Strømsø Mette
Published: July 2018

This article draws on 60 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2015 to explore how ordinary people produce and reproduce boundaries of Norwegian nationhood in their everyday lives. This is achieved by unpacking the entangled relationship between individuals’ perceptions of nationhood and their everyday experiences. The finding is that individuals are inconsistent when producing and reproducing boundaries of nationhood in their everyday lives, drawing on various symbolic resources at different times and places. Exposing the inconsistency – both within and between individuals – challenges the structures and preconceived notions of a fixed and stable boundary demarcating Norwegian nationhood. When boundaries are produced or reproduced, they are clear; however, by approaching boundary-making as a contingent event, the uncertainty of where, why and if a boundary will be produced and/or reproduced blurs people’s perceptions and experiences of these very boundaries. The study examines this contingency through individuals’ unique and changing circumstances and along public and private dimensions.
Qantas still calls Australia home: The spirit of Australia and the flying kangaroo
Authors: White Leanne
Published: July 2018

An analysis of images of Australia in Qantas television advertising is undertaken in this article. The phenomenon of ‘commercial nationalism’ is investigated through a close textual analysis of Qantas advertisements broadcast via mainstream media, in particular television, between 1987 and 2017. The advertisements are examined by undertaking a semiotic analysis. The research methodology also combines shot combination analysis and a reading of the visual and acoustic channels of the advertisement. In examining some of the key Qantas advertising campaigns in popular media over the past 30 years, it is revealed that the significant airline and tourism company Qantas has sung loudly to the tune of nationalism for the benefit of their business.
Improving advance care planning for care home residents with dementia: Evaluation of simulation training for care home workers
Authors: Katwa Asha Pari , Jenner Chris , MacDonald Karen , Barnett Nina
Published: July 2018

The importance of effective advance care planning is often underestimated by professionals caring for care home residents. Using a simulated scenario, this model aimed to highlight the importance of timely advance care planning for care home residents. An adapted simulation effectiveness tool was used to evaluate a simulated scenario of a resident with advanced dementia. Feedback from this tool, N = 28 (response rate 82%), suggests this model was well received and that simulation training delivered by a multi-professional faculty, effectively demonstrates the benefits of early advance care planning for residents with dementia.
Heteroglossic itineraries and silent spaces: the desert cartographies of Gertrude Bell and TE Lawrence
Authors: Notfors Emma
Published: July 2018

This article advocates for the central importance of examining cartography for the understanding of literary travel narratives, focussing on accounts of travel in the deserts of the Middle East written by Gertrude Bell and TE Lawrence, both explorers, archaeologists and authors who were implicated in British activities in the Middle East before, during and after the Arab Revolt, and who travelled through the region during the early 20th century. This article seeks to explore the connections between the authors’ textual depictions and the maps that they authored, using close readings of their travel narratives and their maps to arrive at a more profound understanding of how these processes of authorship resulted in the production and mediation of ‘Arabia’ as an imaginative geography. Drawing on archival research and a range of textual sources, the development of this literary geography is traced through the early research of TE Lawrence on crusader castles in Syria and Lebanon, Gertrude Bell’s descriptions of using maps in The Desert and the Sown, Lawrence’s account of collating a map of Sinai for the War Office and the relationship between local navigational knowledges with their cartographic activities.
The hidden geographies of religious creativity: place-making and material culture in West London faith communities
Authors: Gilbert David , Dwyer Claire , Ahmed Nazneen , Cuch Laura , Hyacinth Natalie
Published: July 2018

Religious activity, particularly as associated with what might be called everyday organized religion, has been unconsidered in recent discussions of the geographies and policies relating to creativity, and has been almost absent in the discipline of Geography’s recent ‘creative turn’. We argue both that religion has been given little or no attention in academic discussions of vernacular creativity, while arts policy as it developed in the United Kingdom in the post-war period has had a strongly secular focus. This continues in more recent policies and initiatives that have sought to promote the amateur and voluntary arts sectors. We explore the reasons for these absences, before turning to examples of strongly creative practice in a range of case studies, focused in a small area of suburban West London. These show a remarkable diversity of creativity including the design, construction and transformation of buildings and spaces for religious worship, but also in ritual, performance and the everyday practices of making sacred space. Our case studies include examination of performance and material culture in a Tamil-speaking Hindu temple, and in Roman Catholic, Anglican and Pentecostal churches. These include changes to architectural form, stained glass artwork, community craft projects, and musical performance and composition. We suggest that religious creativity has a hidden significance that has become more important in the United Kingdom’s increasingly diverse cities and suburbs, and that significant population groups are marginalized in creativity debates and policies that focus on the secular arts. We also suggest that there are distinctive characteristics to what we describe as ‘devotional creativity’, particularly in different understandings of space, practice and experience.
What Can Departments Do to Increase Students’ Retention? A Case Study of Students’ Sense of Belonging and Involvement in a Biology Department
Authors: Knekta Eva , McCartney Melissa
Published: July 2018

The aim of this case study was to explore the sense of belonging to and involvement in a biology department for students participating in a biology program designed to create a strong sense of belonging with high levels of involvement and higher student retention rates. The study is based on 10 semistructured interviews with biology majors. Analysis showed that the students have created a strong sense of community among peers and good relationships with specific faculty and staff. However, the positive social environment did not fully translate into sense of belonging to and involvement in the biology department. Analysis also implied a strong focus on careers related to medical school among students and that students not sharing this strong focus might feel disconnected from the group. Taken together, the interviews identify several different aspects for departments to consider as a way to enhance students’ sense of belonging and involvement.
Impaired Callosal Motor Fiber Integrity and Upper Extremity Motor Impairment Are Associated With Stroke Lesion Location
Authors: Koh Chia-Lin , Tang Pei-Fang , Chen Hsiu-I , Hsu Yung-Chin , Hsieh Ching-Lin , Tseng Wen-Yih Isaac
Published: July 2018

Background. Damage to the callosal motor fibers (CMFs) may affect motor recovery in patients with stroke. However, whether the severity of CMF impairment varies with lesion locations remains unclear. Objective. To investigate (1) whether CMF impairment occurs after stroke and whether the impairment varies with lesion locations and (2) the associations of CMF impairment and upper extremity (UE) motor impairment. Methods. Twenty-nine patients with lesions involving the corticospinal tract (CST) were categorized into 2 groups: lesions involving the CMFs (CMF group, n = 15), and lesions not involving the CMFs (non-CMF group, n = 14). Thirteen healthy adults served as the control group. Tract integrity, assessed by the mean generalized fractional anisotropy (mGFA) using diffusion spectrum imaging, of the CMFs and the CST above the internal capsule (CSTABOVE) of the ipsilesional hemisphere were compared. Results. After accounting for the effect of lesion load on the CST, the CMF group exhibited a significantly lower mGFA of the CMFs than did the control and non-CMF groups (post hoc P = .005 and .001, respectively). No significant difference was observed between the non-CMF and control groups (post hoc P = .999). The CST and CMF impairment accounted for 56% of the variance of UE motor impairment in the CMF group ( P = .007), whereas no significant association was observed in the non-CMF group ( P = .570). Conclusions. CMF impairment after stroke depends on lesion locations and CMF integrity has an incremental contribution to the severity of UE motor impairment in the CMF group.
Reading Antiquity in Metro Redux
Authors: Bishop Chris
Published: July 2018

4A Games’s Metro Redux (2014) plays at the intersection of literature and video games. The suite consists of two games, the first of which ( Metro 2033) was based on the self-published novels of Dmitry Glukhovsky: Mempo 2033 (2005) and Mempo 2034 (2009). The games, like the novels, are set in the metro system of Moscow some 20 years after a nuclear apocalypse. Remnant communities, forced underground, congregate in stations that function as nascent city-states. Some stations are independent and unaligned, while others have formed factions (the mercantile “Hanza,” the communist “Red Line,” and the fascist “Fourth Reich”). A powerful central coalition, “Polis,” through the agency of its “Spartan” field agents, seems alone in its attempts to bring order to the metro and recolonize the ruined city above. But Polis and the Spartans are not the only such elements in Metro Redux, and players are quickly immersed in a landscape of Soviet neoclassicism, itself a polyvalent and highly politicized 20th-century Reception. This article will begin to explore what such receptions of Reception might mean. Does the Classical pulse, transmitted across multiple media, degrade to a point of white noise, meaningless and unintelligible? Or can we still find significance in the variation of reflection and transmission?
The control of high-clearance electric vehicles based on pavement parameter estimations
Authors: Zhou Xuesheng , Zhou Jun , Wang Zhanzhong , Yang Lili , Yu Mingjin
Published: July 2018

Agricultural high-clearance vehicles are different from traditional vehicles. Agricultural vehicles have particular features that are mainly suited for the agricultural vehicle’s working environment. Farmland is relatively complex, mostly unknown and unstructured environment, and it is difficult to accurately model. The complex characteristics of farmland or hilly terrain demands that the agricultural machinery on the ground environment must have sufficient robustness. In this article, a soft road high vacant land vehicle model is established, and then, through the observation of force of tyres and the use of an existing tyre model recursive least square parameter estimation, the road adhesion coefficient is obtained. Considering that the sliding mode control can effectively solve the parameter uncertain nonlinear system, the model established herein has the advantages of robustness and fast response. The sliding mode control and the incremental proportional–integral control were used to test the uniform pavement and the separate pavement, respectively, and the results showed that the sliding mode control was closer to the target value than the incremental proportional–integral control but was less stable than the incremental proportional–integral control on the uniform road surface; in addition, the sliding mode control was superior to the incremental proportional–integral control on the separate road surface.
A two-step method for damage identification in beam structures based on influence line difference and acceleration data
Authors: Tan D , Lu ZR , Liu JK
Published: July 2018

This article presents a two-step approach for structural damage identification in beam structure. Damages are located using the influence line difference before and after damage, the calculation of damage severity is accomplished by acceleration data and bird mating optimizer algorithm. Local damages are simulated as the reduction of both the elemental Young’s modulus and mass of the beam. The technique for damage localization based on displacement influence line difference and its derivatives for beam structure has been outlined. An objective function that comprises dynamic acceleration is utilized in bird mating optimizer. All data are originated from only a few measurement points. Two numerical examples, namely, a simply supported beam and a four-span continuous beam, are investigated in this article. Identification results from different objective functions are compared with results from objective function conventional modal assurance criterion, which shows the superiority of the proposed function. In addition, results of dynamic responses under different types of excitation are presented. The effect of measurement noise level on damage identification results is studied. Studies in the article indicate that the proposed method is efficient and robust for identifying damages in beam structures.
RecoverNow: A patient perspective on the delivery of mobile tablet-based stroke rehabilitation in the acute care setting
Authors: Mallet Karen , Shamloul Rany , Pugliese Michael , Power Emma , Corbett Dale , Hatcher Simon , Shamy Michel , Stotts Grant , Zakutney Lise , Dukelow Sean , Dowlatshahi Dar
Published: July 2018

Background/aim

We previously reported the feasibility of RecoverNow (a mobile tablet-based post-stroke communication therapy in acute care). RecoverNow has since expanded to include fine motor and cognitive therapies. Our objectives were to gain a better understanding of patient experiences and recovery goals using mobile tablets.

Methods

Speech-language pathologists or occupational therapists identified patients with stroke and communication, fine motor, or cognitive/perceptual deficits. Patients were provided with iPads individually programmed with applications based on assessment results, and instructed to use it at least 1 h/day. At discharge, patients completed a 19-question quantitative and open-ended engagement survey addressing intervention timing, mobile device/apps, recovery goals, and therapy duration.

Results

Over a six-month period, we enrolled 33 participants (three did not complete the survey). Median time from stroke to initiation of tablet-based therapy was six days. Patients engaged in therapy on average 59.6 min/day and preferred communication and hand function therapies. Most patients (63.3%) agreed that therapy was commenced at a reasonable time, although half expressed an interest in starting sooner, 66.7% reported that using the device 1 h/day was enough, 64.3% would use it after discharge, and 60.7% would use it for eight weeks. Sixty-seven percent of patients expressed a need for family/friend/caregiver to help them use it.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that stroke patients are interested in mobile tablet-based therapy in acute care. Patients in the acute setting prefer to focus on communication and hand therapies, are willing to begin within days of their stroke and may require assistance with the tablets.
A model based on hidden graphic evaluation and review technique network to evaluate reliability and lifetime of multi-state systems
Authors: Dong Wenjie , Liu Sifeng , Fang Zhigeng , Cao Yingsai , Ding Ye
Published: July 2018

The essence of multi-state system performance degradation is a process of deteriorating state transition. On the basis of hidden Markov model and graphic evaluation and review technique network, this article proposes a new reliability assessment method called hidden graphic evaluation and review technique network model for multi-state system. Specifically, nodes in graphic evaluation and review technique network represent hidden states of a system at different deteriorating times, and they can be expanded through a series of observable sequences. Baum–Welch algorithm in hidden Markov model is introduced to train parameters and when logarithmic likelihood function of the output reaches convergent, we can estimate the most probable output state and obtain the state transition probability eventually. Suppose performance degradation amount between different nodes follows gamma distribution, a method of improved maximum likelihood function is introduced to estimate parameters. According to signal flow graph theory and Mason formula, equivalent transfer function from the initial node to any other nodes can be obtained, then expectation and variance of performance degradation amount can be presented. In the real case study, we compare the reliability assessment method proposed in this article with other two traditional methods, which show the rationality of hidden graphic evaluation and review technique network model.
Contextualizing opposition to pardons: Implications for pardon reform
Authors: Murphy Yoko
Published: July 2018

Though pardons (record suspensions) have existed in Canada for over four decades, most reform to the pardon programme has occurred in the last decade. An experimental survey was conducted to understand whether providing basic information pertaining to crime and criminal behaviour would affect support for pardons in Canada. Generally, there was no relationship between responses to pardon-related questions and demographics (i.e. gender, age or education) or most other standard criminal justice-related questions. Responses to questions on three aspects of pardons (eligibility waiting times; submission fees; and automatic pardons) were not affected by whether or not the information condition was received. However, providing respondents with a small amount of information about sex offence recidivism did increase the acceptability of allowing those convicted of sex offences to receive pardons. These findings suggest that certain concerns regarding pardon accessibility could potentially be alleviated by presenting existing government data to the public.