bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fractal Nature of the Semantic Web
Authors: Berners‐Lee Tim , Kagal Lalana
Published: July 2017

In the past, many knowledge representation systems failed because they were too monolithic and didn't scale well, whereas other systems failed to have an impact because they were small and isolated. Along with this trade‐off in size, there is also a constant tension between the cost involved in building a larger community that can interoperate through common terms and the cost of the lack of interoperability. The semantic web offers a good compromise between these approaches as it achieves wide‐scale communication and interoperability using finite effort and cost. The semantic web is a set of standards for knowledge representation and exchange that is aimed at providing interoperability across applications and organizations. We believe that the gathering success of this technology is not derived from the particular choice of syntax or of logic. Its main contribution is in recognizing and supporting the fractal patterns of scalable web systems. These systems will be composed of many overlapping communities of all sizes, ranging from one individual to the entire population that have internal (but not global) consistency. The information in these systems, including documents and messages, will contain some terms that are understood and accepted globally, some that are understood within certain communities, and some that are understood locally within the system. The amount of interoperability between interacting agents (software or human) will depend on how many communities they have in common and how many ontologies (groups of consistent and related terms) they share. In this article we discuss why fractal patterns are an appropriate model for web systems and how semantic web technologies can be used to design scalable and interoperable systems.
User‐Involved Preference Elicitation for Product Search and Recommender Systems
Authors: Pu Pearl , Chen Li
Published: July 2017

We address user system interaction issues in product search and recommender systems: how to help users select the most preferential item from a large collection of alternatives. As such systems must crucially rely on an accurate and complete model of user preferences, the acquisition of this model becomes the central subject of this article. Many tools used today do not satisfactorily assist users to establish this model because they do not adequately focus on fundamental decision objectives, help them reveal hidden preferences, revise conflicting preferences, or explicitly reason about trade‐offs. As a result, users fail to find the outcomes that best satisfy their needs and preferences. In this article, we provide some analyses of common areas of design pitfalls and derive a set of design guidelines that assist the user in avoiding these problems in three important areas: user preference elicitation, preference revision, and explanation interfaces. For each area, we describe the state of the art of the developed techniques and discuss concrete scenarios where they have been applied and tested.
Preference Handling— An Introductory Tutorial
Authors: Brafman Ronen I. , Domshlak Carmel
Published: July 2017

We present a tutorial introduction to the area of preference handling—one of the core issues in the design of any system that automates or supports decision making. The main goal of this tutorial is to provide a framework, or perspective, within which current work on preference handling—representation, reasoning, and elicitation—can be understood. Our intention is not to provide a technical description of the diverse methods used but rather to provide a general perspective on the problem and its varied solutions and to highlight central ideas and techniques.
AAAI 2008 Workshop Reports
Authors: Anand Sarabjot Singh , Bunescu Razvan , Carvalho Vitor , Chomicki Jan , Conitzer Vincent , Cox Michael T. , Dignum Virginia , Dodds Zachary , Dredze Mark , Furcy David , Gabrilovich Evgeniy , Göker Mehmet H. , Guesgen Hans , Hirsh Haym , Jannach Dietmar , Junker Ulrich , Ketter Wolfgang , Kobsa Alfred , Koenig Sven , Lau Tessa , Lewis Lundy , Matson Eric , Metzler Ted , Mihalcea Rada , Mobasher Bamshad , Pineau Joelle , Poupart Pascal , Raja Anita , Ruml Wheeler , Sadeh Norman , Shani Guy , Shapiro Daniel , Smith Trey , Taylor Matthew E. , Wagstaff Kiri , Walsh William , Zhou Rong
Published: July 2017

AAAI was pleased to present the AAAI‐08 Workshop Program, held Sunday and Monday, July 13–14, in Chicago, Illinois, USA. The program included the following 15 workshops: Advancements in POMDP Solvers; AI Education Workshop Colloquium; Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems, Enhanced Messaging; Human Implications of Human‐Robot Interaction; Intelligent Techniques for Web Personalization and Recommender Systems; Metareasoning: Thinking about Thinking; Multidisciplinary Workshop on Advances in Preference Handling; Search in Artificial Intelligence and Robotics; Spatial and Temporal Reasoning; Trading Agent Design and Analysis; Transfer Learning for Complex Tasks; What Went Wrong and Why: Lessons from AI Research and Applications; and Wikipedia and Artificial Intelligence: An Evolving Synergy.
The Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE 08): A Report
Authors: Hagras Hani , Callaghan Vic , Cook Diane , Helal Abdelsalam
Published: July 2017

The Fourth IET International Conference on Intelligent Environments was held July 21–22 at the University of Washington campus in Seattle, Washington. The general chairs were Diane Cook of Washington State University and Sumi Helal of the University of Florida. Hani Hagras and Vic Callaghan of the University of Essex served as program chairs. This article presents a report of the conference.
The 17th Annual AAAI Robot Exhibition and Manipulation and Mobility Workshop
Authors: Anderson Monica , Jenkins Odest Chadwicke , Oh Paul
Published: July 2017

The AAAI 2008 Workshop on Mobility and Manipulation (held during the 23rd AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence) showcased advances in mobility and manipulation through a half‐day workshop and an exhibition. The workshop focused on possible solutions to both technical and organizational challenges to mobility and manipulation research. This article presents the highlights of that discussion along with the content of the accompanying exhibits.
AAAI‐08 and IAAI‐08 Conferences Provide Focal Point for AI
Authors: Hedberg Sara Reese
Published: July 2017

This summer's AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI‐08) and its sister Conference on Innovative Applications of AI (IAAI‐08) continued their long tradition of being a focal point of AI. This year's conferences were held in Chicago at the Hyatt Regency McCormick Place, July 13–17, 2008. The multidimensional conference offerings included nine invited talks, 251 technical papers, 22 innovative applications of AI papers, three competitions (poker, AI video, and general game playing), three special tracks (AI and the web, integrated intelligence, and physically grounded AI), 15 tutorials, 15 workshops, and 11 intelligent system demonstrations, as well as a number of awards, a doctoral consortium, student poster session and programs, and a vendor exhibit. This translated into a plethora of choices for the 921 conference attendees. An additional 175 people exclusively attended the tutorials, workshops, or exhibit.
SmartChoice: An Online Recommender System to Support Low‐Income Families in Public School Choice
Authors: Wilson David C. , Leland Suzanne , Godwin Kenneth , Baxter Andrew , Levy Ashley , Smart Jamie , Najjar Nadia , Andaparambil Jayakrishnan
Published: July 2017

Public school choice at the primary and secondary levels is a key element of the U.S. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). If a school does not meet assessment goals for two consecutive years, by law the district must offer stu dents the opportunity to transfer to a school that is meeting its goals. Making a choice with such potential impact on a child's future is clearly monumental, yet astonishingly few parents take advantage of the opportunity. Our research has shown that a significant part of the problem arises from issues in information access and information overload, particularly for low socioeconomic status families. Thus we have developed an online, content‐based recommender system, called SmartChoice. It provides parents with school recommendations for individual students based on parents' preferences and students' needs, interests, abilities, and talents. The first version of the online application was deployed and live for focus group participants who used it for the January and March/April 2008 Charlotte‐Mecklenburg school choice periods. This article describes the SmartChoice Program and the results of our initial and follow‐up studies with participants.
Computational Models of Narrative: Review of the Workshop
Authors: Finlayson Mark A. , Richards Whitman , Winston Patrick H.
Published: July 2017

On October 8‐10, 2009, an interdisciplinary group met in Beverley, Massachusetts, to evaluate the state of the art in the computational modeling of narrative. Three important findings emerged: (1) current work in computational modeling is described by three different levels of representation; (2) there is a paucity of studies at the highest, most abstract level aimed at inferring the meaning or message of the narrative; and (3) there is a need to establish a standard data bank of annotated narratives, analogous to the Penn Treebank.
Report on the Third Conference on Artificial General Intelligence
Authors: Goertzel Ben , Hutter Marcus
Published: July 2017

The Third Conference on Artificial General Intelligence was held March 5–8, 2010, at the University of Lugano in Lugano, Switzerland. The conference was chaired by Marcus Hutter and cochaired by Eric Baum and Emanuel Kitzelmann. The conference also provided a venue for the awarding of the 2010 Kurzweil Prizes.
Project Halo Update — Progress Toward Digital Aristotle
Authors: Gunning David , Chaudhri Vinay K. , Clark Peter , Barker Ken , Chaw Shaw‐Yi , Greaves Mark , Grosof Benjamin , Leung Alice , McDonald David , Mishra Sunil , Pacheco John , Porter Bruce , Spaulding Aaron , Tecuci Dan , Tien Jing
Published: July 2017

In the winter 2004 issue of AI Magazine, we reported Vulcan Inc.'s first step toward creating a question‐answering system called Digital Aristotle. The goal of that first step was to assess the state of the art in applied knowledge representation and reasoning (KRR) by asking AI experts to represent 70 pages from the advanced placement (AP) chemistry syllabus and to deliver knowledge‐based systems capable of answering questions from that syllabus. This article reports the next step toward realizing a Digital Aristotle: we present the design and evaluation results for a system called AURA, which enables domain experts in physics, chemistry, and biology to author a knowledge base and that then allows a different set of users to ask novel questions against that knowledge base. These results represent a substantial advance over what we reported in 2004, both in the breadth of covered subjects and in the provision of sophisticated technologies in knowledge representation and reasoning, natural language processing, and question answering to domain experts and novice users.
Building Watson: An Overview of the DeepQA Project
Authors: Ferrucci David , Brown Eric , Chu‐Carroll Jennifer , Fan James , Gondek David , Kalyanpur Aditya A. , Lally Adam , Murdock J. William , Nyberg Eric , Prager John , Schlaefer Nico , Welty Chris
Published: July 2017

IBM Research undertook a challenge to build a computer system that could compete at the human champion level in real time on the American TV quiz show, Jeopardy. The extent of the challenge includes fielding a real‐time automatic contestant on the show, not merely a laboratory exercise. The Jeopardy Challenge helped us address requirements that led to the design of the DeepQA architecture and the implementation of Watson. After three years of intense research and development by a core team of about 20 researchers, Watson is performing at human expert levels in terms of precision, confidence, and speed at the Jeopardy quiz show. Our results strongly suggest that DeepQA is an effective and extensible architecture that can be used as a foundation for combining, deploying, evaluating, and advancing a wide range of algorithmic techniques to rapidly advance the field of question answering (QA).
The State of Solving Large Incomplete‐Information Games, and Application to Poker
Authors: Sandholm Tuomas
Published: July 2017

Game‐theoretic solution concepts prescribe how rational parties should act, but to become operational the concepts need to be accompanied by algorithms. I will review the state of solving incomplete‐information games. They encompass many practical problems such as auctions, negotiations, and security applications. I will discuss them in the context of how they have transformed computer poker. In short, game‐theoretic reasoning now scales to many large problems, outperforms the alternatives on those problems, and in some games beats the best humans.
Using Mechanism Design to Prevent False‐Name Manipulations
Authors: Conitzer Vincent , Yokoo Makoto
Published: July 2017

When mechanisms such as auctions, rating systems, and elections are run in a highly anonymous environment such as the Internet, a key concern is that a single agent can participate multiple times by using false identifiers. Such false‐name manipulations have traditionally not been considered in the theory of mechanism design. In this article, we review recent efforts to extend the theory to address this. We first review results for the basic concept of false‐name‐proofness. Because some of these results are very negative, we also discuss alternative models that allow us to circumvent some of these negative results.
Dynamic Incentive Mechanisms
Authors: Parkes David C. , Cavallo Ruggiero , Constantin Florin , Singh Satinder
Published: July 2017

Much of AI is concerned with the design of intelligent agents. A complementary challenge is to understand how to design “rules of encounter” (Rosenschein and Zlotkin 1994) by which to promote simple, robust and beneficial interactions between multiple intelligent agents. This is a natural development, as AI is increasingly used for automated decision making in real‐world settings. As we extend the ideas of mechanism design from economic theory, the mechanisms (or rules) become algorithmic and many new challenges surface. Starting with a short background on mechanism design theory, the aim of this paper is to provide a nontechnical exposition of recent results on dynamic incentive mechanisms, which provide rules for the coordination of agents in sequential decision problems. The framework of dynamic mechanism design embraces coordinated decision making both in the context of uncertainty about the world external to an agent and also in regard to the dynamics of agent preferences. In addition to tracing some recent developments, we point to ongoing research challenges.
Reports of the AAAI 2010 Conference Workshops
Authors: Aha David W. , Boddy Mark , Bulitko Vadim , Garcez Artur S. d'Avila , Doshi Prashant , Edelkamp Stefan , Geib Christopher , Gmytrasiewicz Piotr , Goldman Robert P. , Halevy Alon , Hitzler Pascal , Isbell Charles , Josyula Darsana , Kaelbling Leslie Pack , Kersting Kristian , Kunda Maithilee , Lamb Luis C. , Marthi Bhaskara , McGreggor Keith , Mihalkova Lilyana , Nastase Vivi , Natarajan Sriraam , Provan Gregory , Raja Anita , Ram Ashwin , Riedl Mark , Russell Stuart , Sabharwal Ashish , Smaus Jan‐Georg , Sukthankar Gita , Tuyls Karl , van der Meyden Ron
Published: July 2017

The AAAI‐10 workshop program was held Sunday and Monday, July 11–12, 2010, at the Westin Peachtree Plaza in Atlanta, Georgia. The AAAI‐10 workshop program included 13 workshops covering a wide range of topics in artificial intelligence. The titles of the workshops were AI and Fun; Bridging the Gap Between Task and Motion Planning; Collaboratively Built Knowledge Sources and Artificial Intelligence; Goal‐Directed Autonomy; Intelligent Security; Interactive Decision Theory and Game Theory; Metacognition for Robust Social Systems; Model Checking and Artificial Intelligence; Neural‐Symbolic Learning and Reasoning; Plan, Activity, and Intent Recognition; Statistical Relational AI; Visual Representations and Reasoning; and Abstraction, Reformulation, and Approximation. This article presents short summaries of those events.
EAAI‐10: The First Symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: desJardins Marie , Sahami Mehran , Wagstaff Kiri
Published: July 2017

The first symposium on Educational Advances in Artificial Intelligence (EAAI) was held in July 2010 in conjunction with the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI‐10). It included an invited talk, paper presentations, model AI assignments, a teaching and mentoring workshop, a best educational video award, and a robotics track. This report summarizes that symposium.
An Introduction to Intertask Transfer for Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Taylor Matthew E. , Stone Peter
Published: July 2017

Transfer learning has recently gained popularity due to the development of algorithms that can successfully generalize information across multiple tasks. This article focuses on transfer in the context of reinforcement learning domains, a general learning framework where an agent acts in an environment to maximize a reward signal. The goals of this article are to (1) familiarize readers with the transfer learning problem in reinforcement learning domains, (2) explain why the problem is both interesting and difficult, (3) present a selection of existing techniques that demonstrate different solutions, and (4) provide representative open problems in the hope of encouraging additional research in this exciting area.
Deep Transfer: A Markov Logic Approach
Authors: Davis Jesse , Domingos Pedro
Published: July 2017

Currently the largest gap between human and machine learning is learning algorithms' inability to perform deep transfer, that is, generalize from one domain to another domain containing different objects, classes, properties, and relations. We argue that second‐order Markov logic is ideally suited for this purpose and propose an approach based on it. Our algorithm discovers structural regularities in the source domain in the form of Markov logic formulas with predicate variables and instantiates these formulas with predicates from the target domain. Our approach has successfully transferred learned knowledge among molecular biology, web, and social network domains.
Transfer Learning through Analogy in Games
Authors: Hinrichs Thomas R. , Forbus Kenneth D.
Published: July 2017

We report on a series of transfer learning experiments in game domains, in which we use structural analogy from one learned game to speed learning of another related game. We find that a major benefit of analogy is that it reduces the extent to which the source domain must be generalized before transfer. We describe two techniques in particular, minimal ascension and metamapping, that enable analogies to be drawn even when comparing descriptions using different relational vocabularies. Evidence for the effectiveness of these techniques is provided by a large‐scale external evaluation, involving a substantial number of novel distant analogs.
Systematic Nonlinear Planning: A Commentary
Authors: Weld Daniel S.
Published: July 2017

David McAllester and David Rosenblitt's paper, “Systematic Nonlinear Planning” (published in the Proceedings of the Ninth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence [AAAI‐91]), won the AAAI‐10 classic paper award. This commentary by Daniel S. Weld describes the two major impacts the paper had on the field of automated planning.
Automatic Discovery and Transfer of Task Hierarchies in Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Mehta Neville , Ray Soumya , Tadepalli Prasad , Dietterich Thomas
Published: July 2017

Sequential decision tasks present many opportunities for the study of transfer learning. A principal one among them is the existence of multiple domains that share the same underlying causal structure for actions. We describe an approach that exploits this shared causal structure to discover a hierarchical task structure in a source domain, which in turn speeds up learning of task execution knowledge in a new target domain. Our approach is theoretically justified and compares favorably to manually designed task hierarchies in learning efficiency in the target domain. We demonstrate that causally motivated task hierarchies transfer more robustly than other kinds of detailed knowledge that depend on the idiosyncrasies of the source domain and are hence less transferable.
An Application of Transfer to American Football: From Observation of Raw Video to Control in a Simulated Environment
Authors: Stracuzzi David J. , Fern Alan , Ali Kamal , Hess Robin , Pinto Jervis , Li Nan , Könik Tolga , Shapiro Dan
Published: July 2017

Automatic transfer of learned knowledge from one task or domain to another offers great potential to simplify and expedite the construction and deployment of intelligent systems. In practice however, there are many barriers to achieving this goal. In this article, we present a prototype system for the real‐world context of transferring knowledge of American football from video observation to control in a game simulator. We trace an example play from the raw video through execution and adaptation in the simulator, highlighting the system's component algorithms along with issues of complexity, generality, and scale. We then conclude with a discussion of the implications of this work for other applications, along with several possible improvements.
Toward a Computational Model of Transfer
Authors: Oblinger Daniel
Published: July 2017

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) explored the application of transfer — a notion well studied in psychology — to machine learning. This article discusses the formal measure of transfer and how it evolved. We discuss lessons learned, progress made at the formal and algorithmic levels, and thoughts about current and future prospects for the practical application of this technology.
Optimizing Limousine Service with AI
Authors: Chun Andy Hon Wai
Published: July 2017

A common problem for companies with strong business growth is that it is hard to find enough experienced staff to support expansion needs. This problem is particularly pronounced for operations planners and controllers, who must be very highly knowledgeable and experienced with the business domain. This article is a case study of how one of the largest travel agencies in Hong Kong alleviated this problem by using AI to support decision making and problem solving so that its planners and controllers can work more effectively and efficiently to sustain business growth while maintaining consistent quality of service. AI is used in a mission‐critical feet management system (FMS) that supports the scheduling and management of a feet of luxury limousines for business travelers. The AI problem was modeled as a constraint‐satisfaction problem (CSP). The use of AI enabled the travel agency to sign up additional hotel partners, handle more orders, and expand its feet with its existing team of planners and controllers. Using modern web 2.0 architecture and proven AI technology, the agency was able to achieve low‐risk implementation and deployment success with concrete and measurable business benefits.
Historical load effects on fatigue of metallic railway bridges
Authors: Imam Boulent , Salter Paul A.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents load models for quantifying the effect of historical rail traffic on the remaining fatigue life of riveted bridges in the UK. In this study, three types of load models, based on realistic trains, accounting for differences in rail traffic composition, were developed and subsequently used to investigate their effect on the accumulation of fatigue damage in typical old metallic bridge structures. The overall findings showed that the increase in train axle loads from 1900 to 2010 is the main attributor to the significant increase in fatigue damage caused from modern trains compared with the residual fatigue damage from historical trains. These findings are particularly relevant to the majority of existing metallic rail bridges on the rail network, which have a span length of less than 10 m. The findings show the importance of considering the effects of historical loading for more reliable fatigue assessment purposes, leading towards more efficient planning of bridge maintenance and renewal programmes.
In situ root identification through blade penetrometer testing – part 1: interpretative models and laboratory testing
Authors: Meijer G. J. , Bengough G. , Knappett J. , Loades K. , Nicoll B. , Mukov I. , Zhang M.
Published: July 2017

Root architecture and reinforcement are important parameters to measure the safety of vegetated slopes and stream banks against slope instability and erosion or to assess the stability of plants against environmental loading (e.g. windthrow of trees). However, these are difficult to measure without time-consuming sampling or counting procedures. Previous studies proposed using a penetrometer with an adapted geometry, and showed that individual root breakages could be detected as sudden drops in penetrometer resistance. However, there are no existing models to derive root properties from the measured traces. Here, several interpretative models are developed and their performance at identifying and characterising buried acrylonitrile butadiene styrene root analogues of varying diameter and architecture in sand are assessed. It was found that models, assuming the analogues broke in bending rather than tension, provided good predictions for the force–displacement behaviour. The simple analytical bending model developed here was shown to perform almost as well as more sophisticated numerical models. For all models, the predictions of additional penetrometer force required to break the root analogue were more accurate than predictions for lateral root displacement required to reach failure. The root analogue diameter and to a lesser extent the soil resistance and root angle were shown to affect the penetrometer resistance strongly. Root branching, root length and the distance between the point of load application and a root boundary (root tip or parent root) had a much smaller effect. When the root failure mechanism, root strength, root stiffness and soil resistance are known, an accurate prediction of the root diameter can be made based on the root peak resistance value identified from a blade penetration test. Penetrometer testing, a test which is easy to perform in the field, coupled with an accurate interpretative model might therefore be an effective method to rapidly quantify the spatial distribution, depths and diameters of roots.
Correlação entre os resultados obtidos em testes motores e o desempenho em exergames em idosos
Authors: Pelisser Mateus , Garlipp Daniel Carlos , Sant'Anna Marcelo Morganti
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: correlacionar resultados obtidos em testes motores realizados em idosos com o seu desempenho em exergames. Método: a amostra foi composta por 34 idosos, divididos em 4 grupos: grupo homens treinados (n = 8), grupo homens não treinados (n = 9), grupo mulheres treinadas (n = 8) e grupo mulheres não treinadas (n = 9). Para avaliação do desempenho motor utilizou-se o exergame Your Shape Fitness Evolved 2012® do XBOX 360®, o teste Sentar e Alcançar, a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e o teste de levantar da cadeira em 30 segundos. Para verificar possíveis diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos treinado e não treinado foi utilizado o teste t para amostras independentes, para cada sexo, em cada variável utilizada (flexibilidade, equilíbrio, força de membros inferiores e exergame). Para verificar correlação entre os escores obtidos no exergame e os resultados nos testes motores, foi utilizada a correlação de Spearman. Para as análises estatísticas, utilizou-se o programa estatístico SPSS for Windows 20.0, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: foi identificada correlação significativa entre os escores do Exergame e os testes motores de flexibilidade e força de membros inferiores em ambos os sexos. No grupo masculino, a correlação da flexibilidade e exergame foi de r = 0,802 (p = 0,000) e da força de membros inferiores e exergame foi de r = 0,833 (p = 0,000). No grupo feminino, a correlação da flexibilidade e exergame foi de r = 0,641 (p = 0,006) e da força de membros inferiores e exergame foi de r = 0,898 (p = 0,000). Na comparação das variáveis equilíbrio, flexibilidade, força de membros inferiores e escore do exergame entre grupos treinados e não treinados, divididos por sexo, os grupos treinados apresentaram maiores valores em todos os parâmetros. Considerações finais: considera-se que o exergame utilizado no presente estudo pode servir como instrumento de avaliação da capacidade motora de idosos. Ainda, idosos treinados apresentam melhor desempenho motor em testes específicos e escores do exergame quando comparados a idosos não treinados.
Perfil dermatoglífico e bullying escolar em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Zequinão Marcela Almeida , De Medeiros Pâmella , Cordeiro Paola Cidade , Junior Rudy Nodari , Cardoso Fernando Luiz
Published: July 2017

O fenômeno bullying vem sendo tema de diversas pesquisas nos últimos 30 anos, contudo, apenas recentemente, com o intuito de tentar entender e explicar o envolvimento de crianças e adolescentes nesse comportamento violento, pesquisadores têm apontado características individuais como possíveis indicadores de envolvimento nos papéis de participação do bullying escolar. Objetivo: analisar as relações entre aspectos genéticos e participação no bullying escolar, por meio do perfil dermatoglífico de crianças e adolescentes de escolas de Florianópolis, SC. Material e Método: participaram 409 crianças e adolescentes do 3º-7º ano do Ensino Fundamental, em duas escolas públicas. Para avaliação da marca genética utilizou-se o Leitor Dermatoglífico e para os papéis no bullying, utilizou-se uma Escala Sócio Métrica. Resultados: uma associação negativa entre ser vítima e prevalência do desenho LU foi encontrada, bem como uma associação positiva entre ser agressor e prevalência do desenho LR. Conclusão: as diferenças entre os desenhos LR e LU vêm sendo estudadas recentemente e ainda não apontam resultados conclusivos sobre as características específicas de indivíduos com esses tipos de desenhos e possíveis diferenças entre eles. Mais estudos são necessários para investigar se existem relações entre esses desenhos e questões comportamentais e de personalidade, podendo influenciar a participação no bullying.
Percepção da qualidade de vida de atletas femininas de voleibol escolar em diferentes categorias
Authors: Rother Rodrigo Lara , Silva Suélen Da Silveira Machado
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: analisar os níveis de Qualidade de Vida (QV) percebidos por atletas de voleibol, de três categorias distintas, compará-los quanto às dimensões física, social, psicológica e ambiental e avaliar sua satisfação, quanto ao treinamento que tem realizado. Método: a amostra foi constituída de 36 atletas, do sexo feminino, com idade entre 13 a 17 anos. Para a análise da QV foi utilizado o questionário WHOQOL-bref e para a satisfação com treinamento jogos, descanso e desempenho foi utilizado o questionário esportivo. Os resultados foram tabulados e submetidos a análise estatística, obtendo-se médias, desvio padrão, Anova e Teste t, adotando uma significância de p
Geolocalização de casos de sobrepeso/obesidade e pressão arterial alterada em escolares
Authors: Pasa Luiza , Possuelo Lia Gonçalves , Borges Tássia Silvana , Schneiders Letícia De Borba , Silva Cristiane Fernanda da , Welser Letícia , Kern Deise Graziela , Reuter Cézane Priscila , Burgos Miria Suzana
Published: July 2017

Objetivo: descrever a geolocalização de sobrepeso/obesidade e pressão arterial alterada de escolares residentes em Santa Cruz do Sul/RS. Método: estudo transversal, incluindo 1578 escolares de ambos os sexos, com idade entre sete e 17 anos, de 18 escolas do município. Utilizou-se o índice de massa corporal para avaliar o sobrepeso/obesidade e, para pressão arterial, utilizou-se medida da pressão sistólica (PAS) e da pressão diastólica (PAD). Os mapas de geolocalização foram separados por sexo e escola e plotados no mapa de acordo com as variáveis avaliadas. Utilizou-se o programa SPSS 20.0, empregando estatística descritiva, teste qui-quadrado e teste t, considerando diferenças significativas para p
A Dying Trend or a Viable Option: Dual-Role Athletic Department Employees
Authors: Brady Lawrence , Trachsler Tracy
Published: July 2017

As athletic departments at the college/university level are trying to creatively balance the financial demands of supporting athletic programs with employee satisfaction and departmental needs, the topic of the dual-role employee tends to appear in conversation. The question remains, with all of the demands, in both administration and coaching, is it possible for a single person to successfully accomplish the job obligations in both areas?
Cambios en la percepción del profesorado sobre la incidencia positiva de las tecnologías digitales en Educación Primaria y Secundaria.
Authors: López González Juan Bosco , Ortega Tudela Juana María
Published: July 2017

En este estudio se describe y relaciona la evolución producida en la opinión del profesorado de Primaria y Secundaria sobre la incidencia positiva de las TIC en el proceso educativo. Se presentan los resultados alcanzados con la aplicación de un cuestionario (n=744). La investigación no experimental se llevó a cabo mediante un estudio longitudinal de tendencia en 2009 y 2016. De esta manera, con dos muestras distintas de una misma población, se pudo relacionar y contrastar la evolución de la repercusión positiva de las TIC en la práctica educativa. Entre los resultados se encontraron cuatro variables que se relacionaron con la opinión del profesorado sobre la incidencia positiva de las TIC en la educación. Estas variables fueron: el uso de las tecnologías digitales en el aula, el nivel de formación del profesorado en tecnologías digitales, la consideración que el docente tiene para integrar las TIC en la práctica docente, y la etapa educativa donde el profesorado imparte docencia.
Análise do discurso aplicada em charges e a matemática
Authors: Cataneo Vanessa Isabel
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo apresenta o estudo sobre o gênero discursivo aplicado em charges que envolvem a matemática. O estudo encontra-se fundamentado em uma pesquisa bibliográfica e em análises de textos sobe à luz da teoria da Análise do Discurso (AD) da linha Francesa. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, se realizou uma compilação crítica dos teóricos que tratam da Análise do Discurso, com o objetivo de estudar qual o papel do diálogo no discurso. Assim como, apresentar quais são as condições de gênero charge, portador de elementos de natureza irônica e humorística. Para tanto, se fez um levantamento de charges que envolvem situações matemáticas e que se encontram divulgadas na internet.
Procesos que obstaculizan la inclusión en la educación secundaria obligatoria. Muchas sombras y todavía pocas luces
Authors: Forteza-Forteza Dolors , Moreno-Tallón Francisca
Published: July 2017

RESUMENLas medidas extraordinarias de atención a la diversidad en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) son objeto de la investigación que presentamos en este artículo. Con diferente denominación según la comunidad autónoma, nos centramos en una de estas medidas, el Programa de Intervención Educativa (PIE), cuyos destinatarios son alumnos en situación de riesgo personal o social. Desde una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa analizamos un caso para profundizar en las vivencias de alumnos con dificultades de comportamiento que forman parte de un PIE. Se recogió la información a través de entrevistas y la observación, y el análisis de documentos fue una técnica complementaria para garantizar la triangulación de fuentes de registro. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto el complejo contexto de tensiones que atraviesan los alumnos con dificultades de comportamiento en un programa específico. Las conclusiones interpelan al diálogo con el alumnado, a intervenciones educativas en el aula, a la aceptación de las biografías personales y al derecho de que se satisfagan sus necesidades junto con los iguales, para eliminar las barreras y obstáculos que estos alumnos viven diariamente durante su trayectoria escolar. Se requieren respuestas educativas significativamente contextualizadas para favorecer la inclusión de todo el alumnado.Palabras Clave: educación secundaria, exclusión, dificultades de comportamiento, medidas extraordinarias, educación inclusiva.ABSTRACTThe extraordinary measures of attention to diversity in Compulsory Secondary Education (ESO) are the subject of the research presented in this article. With a different denomination according to the autonomous community, we focus on one of these measures, the Educational Intervention Program (PIE), whose beneficiaries are students at personal or social risk. From a qualitative methodological perspective we analyze a case to deepen the experiences of students with behavioral difficulties that are part of a PIE. Information was collected through interviews and observation, and document analysis was a complementary technique to ensure the triangulation of registry sources. The results highlight the complex context of tensions that students with behavioral difficulties go through in a specific program. The conclusions call for dialogue with students, for educational interventions in the classroom, for the acceptance of personal biographies and the right to meet their needs with peers, to eliminate the barriers that these students live daily during their school career. Significant contextualized educational responses are required to encourage the inclusion of all students.Keywords: secondary education, exclusion, behavioral difficulties, extraordinary measures, inclusive education.
Inclusive practices: the role of the support teacher
Authors: Soldevila Pérez Jesús , Naranjo Llanos Mila , Muntaner Guasp Joan Jordi
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to describe and analyse the functions, tasks and actions of support teachers in inclusive classrooms in an ordinary school, moving from a therapeutic, integrative model to an inclusive one. Qualitative research in a longitudinal case study is presented, following two children with functional diversity over four years along three axes: the concept of inclusive education, the determination of good practices for inclusion and the role of the support teacher. The results allow us to propose different inclusive practices for support teachers, and a significant increase in the presence, participation and progress of these children in ordinary classrooms. We conclude that a conceptual change in the teaching approach of teachers can lead to the implementation of alternative teaching methods, requiring involvement of support teachers for adequate inclusion, through greater presence and participation in the ordinary educational activities of students with functional diversity, favouring their social, emotional and academic development and learning.Keywords: inclusive education, good inclusive practice, support teacher, special education teacher, educational change.RESUMENEl propósito de este estudio es describir y analizar las funciones, tareas y actuaciones del profesorado de apoyo en las prácticas inclusivas de aula en un centro ordinario que pasa de un modelo terapéutico e integrador a un modelo inclusivo. Para ello, se plantea una investigación cualitativa de estudio de casos longitudinal, con el seguimiento de dos niños con diversidad funcional durante cuatro años, fundamentada en tres ejes: el concepto de educación inclusiva, la determinación de buenas prácticas para la inclusión y el rol del profesor de apoyo. Los resultados han permitido definir diferentes prácticas inclusivas relacionadas con el profesor de apoyo, que han permitido un incremento significativo de la presencia, participación y progreso de estos niños en el aula ordinaria. Este trabajo nos permite concluir que un cambio conceptual en el modelo educativo de los docentes provoca la implementación de métodos didácticos alternativos, que exigen unas funciones del profesor de apoyo acordes con los planteamientos de la inclusión, que repercuten en una mayor presencia y participación de las actividades educativas ordinarias de los alumnos con diversidad funcional, favoreciendo su desarrollo y aprendizaje tanto social, emocional como académico.Palabras Clave: educación inclusiva, buenas prácticas inclusivas, docente de apoyo, maestro educación especial, cambio educativo.
La educación emocional en la infancia: una estrategia inclusiva
Authors: Cepa Serrano Amaya , Heras Sevilla Davinia , Fernández-Hawrylak María
Published: July 2017

RESUMENEsta investigación está enmarcada dentro del ámbito de la Educación Emocional en edades tempranas. El objetivo de este estudio es comprobar la eficacia del Programa EMO-ACCIÓN de educación emocional, valorando su impacto en niños de 4 a 5 años con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo. Para este trabajo se ha seleccionado un grupo de 22 alumnos/as de Educación Infantil con estas necesidades, de una muestra de 123 alumnos/as matriculados en un colegio ordinario preferente en limitaciones físicas. Se utiliza un diseño de medidas repetidas pre-test/post-test con grupos experimental (12 alumnos) y control (10 alumnos). Para ello, se administra antes y después de la intervención educativa la escala RRER para la medición de competencias emocionales. Los resultados muestran que los alumnos que participaron en el programa educativo incrementan de forma significativa sus competencias emocionales, encontrándose una clara mejora en las cinco dimensiones que se evalúan en la escala. El programa favorece el desarrollo de las competencias emocionales, tanto para alumnado que presenta o no dificultades educativas.Palabras Clave: competencias emocionales, educación infantil, alumnado con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo, educación inclusiva, educación emocional.ABSTRACTThis research is framed within the emotional education at early childhood. The aim of this study is to test the efficiency of the EMO-ACCIÓN Program of emotional education, assessing its impact in 4-5 years old children with special educational needs. We selected 22 children within a sample of 123 schooled in a preferred ordinary center in physical limitations. A repeated measures design pretest/posttest was used, with experimental (12 children) and control (10 children) groups. In order to measure the emotional competences, the Recognition, Regulation, Empathy and Problem Solving Scale (RRER) was administered before and after the educational intervention. The outcomes show that the children who participated in the educational program increase their emotional competences significantly, with a clear improvement in the five dimensions that the scale evaluate. The program stimulates the development of emotional competences, both in the children with or without educational needs.Keywords: emotional competences, child education, students with special, educational needs, inclusive education, emotional education.
Leer por placer: ¡lo primero, oír los libros!
Authors: Santana Hernández Rafael , Alemán Falcón Jesús A. , López Torrijo Manuel
Published: July 2017

RESUMENA pesar de la enorme inversión en recursos de todo tipo para lograr la alfabetización universal, los bajos niveles lectores alcanzados al finalizar la educación secundaría, así como los pobres hábitos de lectura en adultos, constituyen un problema y un reto de mejora en todas las sociedades desarrolladas. Este trabajo aborda esta cuestión y enfatiza la necesidad de evidenciar a los niños y niñas pequeños qué hay en los libros y qué representan, mucho antes de que aprendan a leer. Se presenta una breve revisión de investigaciones sobre los efectos y beneficios de la lectura en voz alta entre padres o educadores infantiles y niños, desde edad muy temprana, como estrategia compartida para oír los libros, a implementar mucho antes del aprendizaje formal del código escrito en las escuelas. Se describen los formatos y características de este tipo de interacción social desde la responsabilidad parental y se justifica su potencialidad y necesidad para hacer de la lectura una actividad placentera, también en situaciones de pobreza, exclusión social o diversidad funcional.Palabras Clave: alfabetización inicial, lectura compartida, lectura dialógica, lectura en voz alta, lectura emergente.ABSTRACTThe low reader level achieved at the end of the secondary school education and the poor level of reading habits at adults is a problema and a challenge of improvement in all developed societies despite the enormous investment in all kinds of resources to achieve universal literacy. This paper addresses this issue and it emphasizes the need to show young children what is in the books and what they represent, long time before they learn to read. We present a brief review of researches about the effects and benefits of reading aloud among parents, educators and children from a very early age. It is a shared strategy to listen to books, to be implemented long before the formal learning of written code in schools. It describes the formats and characteristics of this type of social interaction from parental responsibility and it justifies its potentiality and need to make reading a pleasant activity, also in situations of poverty, social exclusión or functional diversity.Keywords: nitial literacy, shared reading, dialogic reading, reading aloud, emergent reading
Efficacy of structured teaching programme on home care management of pregnancy induced hypertension in primigravida mothers: a tertiary hospital study
Authors: Singh Neelima , Ponna Satyendra Nath , Rajeshwari K. Rani
Published: July 2017

Background: Hypertensive disease of pregnancy is one of the major causes of maternal mortality in India. 7.1% of maternal deaths are attributed to hypertension disorder of pregnancy. Early identification of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is essential for effective management of hypertensive disease of pregnancy. The study assesses the knowledge of primigravida women regarding home care management of pregnancy induced hypertension before and after administering structured teaching programme.Methods: It is a pilot study with pre-experimental study design. 30 study participants were recruited with non-probability purposive sampling of primigravida women attending antenatal clinic of maternity hospital of Petlaburj, Hyderabad. A pretested and standardized survey instrument was used for collecting socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitude and practices regarding home care management of pregnancy after obtaining informed consent before and after structured teaching intervention programme with audio-visual aids for home management of pregnancy induced hypertension.Results: 43.3% of primigravida women were 21-24 years old and 43.3% of primigravida women were 20-24 years of gestation. Mean pre-test and post-test knowledge assessment score increased by 155.2% from 13.4 to 34.2 after administration of structured teaching programme and paired-t test was carried out to test difference of means. The test reports t-test statistic of -20.7 with p-value of <0.001 is highly significant.Conclusions: Evidence based guidelines adopted by Government of India should be implemented by health facilities by upgrading infrastructure, capacity building and community engagement for early identification of complications of pregnancy to seek health care services.