bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance and potentials of X corridor in the European traffic system
Authors: Stojanovic Branislav , Todorovic Marina
Published: October 2010

In the network of multimodular corridors, but also in the European traffic system on the whole, corridor X has a very important role more in respect of its position and potentials and less regarding the degree of it valuation. It is particularly so since it represents a section of the intercontinental (land) link between Europe and Near and Middle East. At the same time, this corridor is also a dominant axis of development in the majority of SE European countries, as well as a major component of complex spatial-functional transformations that occur within them. That, inter alias, means that the pace of overall development of these parts will depend both on the pace of the overall valuation of potentials this corridors has (and represents), as well as the strengthening of its role as a major element of intra- and inter-regional linking of this part of European continent.
The specified in work to environmental impact assessment study for city road
Authors: Filipovic Dejan , Obradovic Danijela
Published: October 2010

In compatibility with actual recommendations and policy, which leads to improvement and preservation of integral environment and especially its natural values, it is necessary to implementation active and integral approach to all variety of planning documents. For the needs of the preparation of the Preliminary Design of the traffic artery the inner ring road (IRR) in Belgrade the issue of the protection of the environment has been analyzed within the framework of the special study. In order to visualize the impact of "the IRR" to its surroundings, the solutions of the traffic artery were analyzed from the aspect of the protection of the environment in the sense of definition of harmful impacts and proposals of measures for their prevention or removal. The basic starting point was to get an answer whether Belgrade, from ecological aspect, can withstand the new traffic artery. In this paper will show specified in work in the environmental impact study for City ring road.
The economic-geographical and environmental polarization as a factor of new functional relations between areas
Authors: Milincic Miroljub
Published: October 2010

Geographical clustering, in the way of economic-geographical polarization represents regular and positive process of development of human society. These processes are characterized by stressed intensity, together with relatively short time dimension at the territory of Serbia. Extreme recent ecological polarization is the main consequence of this type of recomposition of economic-geographical elements in the territory of Serbia. At the one hand, anthropogenic or socio-economic areas (locations, axis and crossroads of development) are formed, together with the numerous ecological problems as developing barriers, while at the other hand are territories of economic-geographical stagnation also with satisfying quality of basic natural resources and environmental condition. These differences generates and permanently increases their spatial, resource and ecological interdependence.
Environmental analysis in the zone of Corridor X in Serbia
Authors: Miljanovic Dragana , Kovacevic-Majkic Jelena , Milanovic Ana
Published: October 2010

This article treats the environmental issues and their intimate relationship with social and economic reality in the zone of Pan-European multimodal transport Corridor X in Serbia. On the basis of data of environmental elements quality (water, air and land) carried out assessment of environmental status.
Danube space in Serbia through history up to date: Short overview
Authors: Secerov Velimir , Nevenic Marija
Published: October 2010

Up to date Danube space is the most developed region in its category. The biggest cities in Serbia belong to the Danube axis, the biggest economic potentials and development possibilities. At the same time border regions along the Danube become potentially regions with the biggest chance for spatial integration with the neighboring countries. This way, they are opening the possibility of state territory promotion. Such a trend is the consequence of the Danube natural position and its important for the Balkan Space and Europe in general, as well as the historical facts talking about the unbreakable relation of the nations along the Danube (from ancient Greeks up to date) who were searching, through history, over him the reasons for cooperation and mutual development. That is why this paper is trying to give a short chronological overview upon the use of the Danube potentials and look back on the present state and perspectives in the Serbian Danube Space.
The analysis of precipitation conducted on the upper watershed of the West Morava river
Authors: Nikolic Jugoslav , Ducic Vladan , Dragicevic Slavoljub
Published: October 2010

Precipitation is one of the basic elements of the water balance and its analysis is of the crucial importance for many scientific areas. The analysis of precipitation, conducted on the upper part watershed of the West Morava River, was done in the complex way, with the use of the appropriate numerical model. In this way, among other things, orographic and dynamic effects on the explored terrain are taken into consideration.
The isotherm map of eastern Serbia
Authors: Zivkovic Nenad , Smiljanic Sanja
Published: October 2010

In this paper is shown an attempt of creating annual isothermal map of eastern Serbia in conditions where appropriate number of stations is not available, especially on the higher altitudes. According to the natural boundaries are formed 15 regions, with profiles that consist from one lower and one higher station. Because of area dimension it was necessary to use as referent points like some mountain picks for which temperatures were created projections according to the distant profiles. Comparing results of temperature gradients with same results obtained by regression analyses, we can make a conclusion that our method has validity in the sense of more precise prognosis of temperature for the smaller areas.
Thermal regime of Negotinska Krajina
Authors: Zivkovic Ljiljana , Zivkovic Nenad , Janic-Siridzanski Marina
Published: October 2010

Negotin Krajina geographically belongs to Mezian tablet that means it is widely open to the influences from the East but main air influences come from the West and North-West causes specific thermal characteristics. Meteorological station "Negotin" is the only one respectable station in the Krajina then we analyze results from various periods since 1901. It is important to emphasize that station "Negotin" doesn't have work continuity since the beginning of the century, thus for analyzing certain climate elements we have had to use method of analogy with station "Zajecar". A part of that, observations were not done by the same methodology so there is lack of some important indicators for this first period. To determine air thermo-regime of Negotin Krajina during 20 century, standard periods (1901-1930., 1931-1960. and 1961-1990) for analyzing climate elements suggested by WMO, were compared. Also, periods from 1925. to 1940. and from 1990. to 2000. were added to this analysis (according to data we had).
Indicators of sustainable development of Raska region
Authors: Ljesevic Milutin , Ikonovic Vesna
Published: October 2010

Conceptual model of sustainable development is comprehended as consensus of human, social, economic, technological, cultural development and protection sanation and advance of environment, as well as protection initial natural inheritance and basic eco-systems. It is impossible to separate particular segments of development because sustainable (optimal) development has sensed only if it has been observe as integral unit. Indicators of sustainable development are applied on the example of Raska region.
Primary characteristic marriage in the neighbor countries
Authors: Ivkov Andjelija
Published: October 2010

There is a number of data referring to the process of marriage and divorce witch show the marital situation region and also compare it with the situations in other regions or abroad. Apart from the average age of first marriage, we have also analyzable the rate of marriages and divorces, we compared our results with the data referring to Serbia, in the Republic of Srpska and some of the former republics of SFRY (Croatia, Slovenia Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) and neighbors Bulgaria, Romania Greece.
Genesis and development of Gadzin Han
Authors: Martinovic Marija , Ratkaj Ivan
Published: October 2010

During many centuries of it's settlements evolution, Gadzin Han went through many demographic, morph-physiognomic and functional changes. The development of Gadzin Han can be divided into three main phases: rural (from the first settlers to the liberation from the Turks), combined (from 1878. to the beginning of 60s of the 20lh century) and initial urban phase (from the beginning of 60s of the 20th century till today). There is a difference between them in: durability, socio-economical characteristics crucial for development of settlement and important of spatial-functionally connecting between Gadzin Han, as a gravitational node, and surrounding settlements.
Population-functional processes in settlements and centers: The case study of euro region "Danube for XXI century" in Serbia
Authors: Tosic Branka , Stojanovic Branislav , Miletic Radmila
Published: October 2010

This paper contains the main characteristics of the settlements in the part of Euro region Danube XXI (East Serbia). The changes in the settlements of this region after the World War Two were very intensive and they have been happened by the industrialization and urbanization influence. One of the results of these processes was very expressive problem of depopulation especially in this region of the Republic. The changes in the surrounding settlements of the cities were weekly. Generally, settlements and centers are on the lower development level than on the other territory of Republic. Functional and territorial organization of those settlements, beside their development, is an important factor for realization of integration processes of this region in the wider surroundings.
Importance of planning and construction of the light rail systems for sustainable town development
Authors: Filipovic Dejan , Obradovic Danijela
Published: October 2010

Increase of population and activities in towns, among other things, leads to traffic and transport problems. Discrepancy between citizen's needs and existing economy and functionality of public traffic systems leads to traffic jam, but also to negative effects to environment. In that situation private vehicle is not the best solution, because it emits great number of pollutants in the environment. As a product of the technological improvement in rail industry there have been created light railway systems, as one of the most flexible form of public transport. This paper represents importance of light railway systems for urban development, its positive effects on environment, as plans and projects related with light railway systems introduction in Belgrade.
A treatment of protected natural assets in the system of spatial plans
Authors: Djurdjic Snezana , Filipovic Dejan
Published: October 2010

In compatibility with actual recommendations and policy which leads to improvement and preservation of integral environment and especially its valuable and rare natural features and complex territory, which may separate under category of protected natural asset or area, it is necessary to implement these active and integral approach to all variety of planning documents who have purpose for regulation of some area. Civilized society which take care about their environment not only in short time period but in the period who will be reality for many of future generations, must take special interests in process of spatial planning and its integral part nature protection. Way of managing and advisedly, expert references which are need to controlling natural development of some asset, have to be harmonically connected with real state of same asset, but none observed only in their isolation, yet in real environment and their planned perspective.
The influence to source of data for accuracy on digital terrain models (DTM)
Authors: Bajat Branislav , Strbac Dragoljub
Published: October 2010

The overview of the contemporary data acquisition methods for Digital Terrain Models (DTM), as well as the accuracy of data provided by these methods, are given in this article. The procedure of the accuracy estimation for DTM which is produced by digitizing of topographic maps and test points obtained by GPS technology and aerophotogrammetric terrain surveying, is presented.
Temperature variability on the area of Stara planlna in the instrumental period
Authors: Ducic Vladan , Radovanovic Milan , Milovanovic Bosko
Published: October 2010

In this paper are presented the results of research, considering on air temperature variability in Stara planina area. In southeast part of researched area it is noticed negative trend in the last 50 years of XX century, according to data of IPCC for Southeast Europe. Emphasized air temperature increase in summer period in almost stations is not pointed on dominant influence of anthropogenic greenhouse effect.
Floristic and vegetation diversity of Gruza
Authors: Vujadinovic Snezana , Gajic Mirjana
Published: October 2010

Plant life of Gruza is diverse and floristically rich. Due to the lack of the economic development, Gruza is an ecological oasis of Sumadija. Improvement protection and balanced use of forest and grass vegetation is the task not only of forestry and agriculture, but of a series of other actions connected directly or indirectly with this natural resource.
Vrnjacka Banja: Spa
Authors: Stankovic Stevan
Published: October 2010

Vrnjacka Banja (spa) is one of the most visited balneological centers in Serbia. Vrnjacka Banja has a long tradition considering its material traces from the Roman time. The first chemical analysis of medicinal water was done in 1835. Then its basic properties significant for medicine were defined. Since then till nowadays Vrnjacka Banja is the first one between other spas in Serbia considering the number of visitors. There were 163.000 tourists (1985) and 1.415.00 overnight stays (1986). These data about record values were never realized later on.
Contribution to anthropogeographic researches of Council Sjenica
Authors: Radovanovic Svetlana
Published: October 2010

In this report special attention is dedicated to clan structure of Serbian and Bosnian (Muslim) population drawn by the field research and the result of the Census of 2002. The review of the number of the households by clans and total number of members (in the country + in labor or staying abroad) is given by the settlements that were classified by ethnic homogeneous.
Some demographic changes and general morpho-physiognomy of rural settlements of the Jablanica basin
Authors: Popovic Ivan , Jovic Goran
Published: October 2010

Nowadays, more stable socio-economic growth of the local municipalities of Jablanica has caused many changes and initiated numerous development trends in rural settlements of this spatial whole. This paper analyses the accommodation characteristics, some demographic changes and general morpho-physiognomical tendencies of Jablanica villages, which is of basic importance for representing the essential segments of the local rural settlements.
Changes in number of population, households and population density in Tutin area
Authors: Zivkovic Dragica , Pavlovic Mila
Published: October 2010

The position in the peripheral, mountainous part of Serbia, made Tutin area isolated for a long time. The continual decrease of the number of inhabitants is the result of the weak economic development, of the decrease of the natural growth and emigration. The process of population redistribution is the result of the increase of urban and the decrease of rural population. There is a great number of rural inhabitants, and a great number of small settlements of scattered and spilled type. The changes of population number also influenced the changes of the number of households their structure, as well as the population density. Stopping of the further decrease of population is possible by developing economic branches based on the natural resources of the territory, infrastructure, small economy and tourism.
Demographic changes and processes in Negotin municipality settlement network
Authors: Zivkovic Ljiljana , Zivkovic Nenad
Published: October 2010

The analysis of demographic factors of the studied area points to the different demographic development models. Uneven economic and regional development of industry caused the regional demographic polarization of the population of Negotin municipality. In relatively short period, the transition has caused spontaneous urbanization and deagrarization. All that influenced the faster tempo of social and demographic processes, especially the migrations towards Negotin, which led to the developmental unevenness and regional polarization to the zone of population concentration (town and the suburban areas). Contrary to the town center, there are depopulation rural areas, with outstanding economic undevelopment.
Agricultural population of Belgrade city territory: Basic tendencies in the demographic development, problems and possibilities of its revitalization
Authors: Jovanovic Jasmina
Published: October 2010

The territory of Belgrade city after the Second World War, has been characterized by the intensive processes of qualitative transformation concerning settling and arrangement of population, territorial organization of production and other activities. The facts that mostly influenced these processes are migrations, caused by economic movements and development. There has been a sudden transfer of agricultural population into non-agricultural activities. Participation of agricultural population in total population of Belgrade city has decreased from 29,7% in 1953 to 12,6% in 1971, and to 2,2% in 2002. Participation of active agricultural population in total active population in Belgrade city has decreased from 34,5% in 1953 to 16,3% in 1971, and to 4,1% in 2002. The decrease of the total and active agricultural population is the result of the weakened influence of demographic factors (changes in number and structure of the total and active population), as well as the greater influence of socio-economic factors. The basic tendencies of the future demographic development of agricultural population are influenced by the possibilities of its revitalization, because demographic reserves to from new working powers in agriculture are endangered.
Some spatial-demographic development tendencies of the settlements on mountain Suva Planina
Authors: Martinovic Marija , Matijevic Dragana
Published: October 2010

Spatial-demographic tendencies in present development of settlements on mountain Suva Planina are characterized by territorial grouping and decreasing number of settlements, positive demographic development of a small group of settlements, and several decades of desertion of a great number of settlements. All these characteristics, both individually and in interaction, have led to formation of specific differences in settlement development and in present situation between groups of settlements located in various altitude zones. They have also led to differentiation of settlement areas with negative and variable (positive and negative) development tendencies.
Commuting of active population in Serbia
Authors: Lukic Vesna
Published: October 2010

The paper deals with the problems of traveling to work, as a special form of geographical mobility of population. The accent has been given to commuting of active population. Development and changes of the extent and characteristics of commuting of workers in Serbia (without Kosovo and Metohija) during the last forty years of the 20th century have been analyzed.
Spatial structure changes of cities in the post socialist period
Authors: Tosic Branka
Published: October 2010

The paper gives the overview of the policy of urban planning in CEE and Southeast Europe during the socialist period. That policy was based on centralistic system which caused specific type of internal structure of the cities. Besides that, the paper compares the changes in the urban planning that took place during the 1990s as the results of global and integrational processes, market rules and privatization, decentralization deindustrialization, commercialization, social segregation etc. These changes are already obvious in urban areas. At the end of the last century unstable policy and economic crisis in Serbia slowed down these processes both the changes in the functional-spatial structure of the cities and especially the changes related to the institutional policy in urban planning.
Trip generation model: Example of grammar school students in Belgrade
Authors: Ratkaj Ivan
Published: October 2010

Trip generation models aim to predict the amount of transportation movements (or the number of potential trip makers) leaving a territorial unit according to the attributes of that unit. There are two basic approaches used for modeling the generation of trips: linear regression and category analysis. This article explains the issue of trip generation modeling based on the methodology of linear regression analysis, on the example of grammar schools in Belgrade.
Towards the new concepts of rural development of Serbia
Authors: Djordjevic Jasmina , Todorovic Marina
Published: October 2010

Within the preparations for joining the European Union, Serbia and its rural development are faced with considerable re-orientation of agrarian policy within the EU accession requirements. In that sense, the overview of the LEADER program concepts may facilitate the preparations of Serbia and its rural areas for all the issues that will follow in the forthcoming years. The aim of this paper is to help in the decision "what kind of approach will we choose?" and to offer the information on experiences of other countries.
Structural changes in accommodation capacity of Nis Spa in the period between the two world wars
Authors: Popovic Ivan
Published: October 2010

After a brief introduction on some previous studies of the accommodational capacities of Nis Spa, an analysis has been made of smaller and greater changes which occurred, in its various accommodational structure during five-year phases (1921-1925, 1926-1930, 1931-1935 and 1936-1940) of the two-decade interwar period (1921-1940).
Regional geography of the professor Borivoje Z. Milojevic
Authors: Stankovic Stevan
Published: October 2010

Borivoje Z. Milojevic was born on December 22, 1885, in Carina near Krupanja (Serbia). He died on 22. October, 1967, in Belgrade. He developed methodology and set up the foundation of regional geography in Serbia. This is author books Radjevina and Jadar, Pester and Sjenica, Dinara Littoral and Islands, High Mountains in our kingdom, Main Valleys in Yugoslavia, Durmitor Mt., Bay of Boka Kotorska, Loess of Banat, General regional geography.
Analysis and evaluation of water quality in the Municipality of Kladovo and mitigation measures: The basis of integral environmental protection
Authors: Filipovic Dejan , Obradovic Danijela , Secerov Velimir
Published: October 2010

The characteristics of existing environmental conditions are basis for any kind of further environmental investigation in certain area. Special attention must be dedicated to the problem of water pollution and their protection, in view of water as one of the most valuable recourse in this area. This paper analyses existing water conditions in the Municipality of Kladovo and proposes mitigation measures.
Gis-based technologies and their application in agriculture
Authors: Manic Emilija
Published: October 2010

Geographical information systems are in use in business application for a long time, but their usage in agriculture is well known, too. This article shows the main structure of geographical information systems for decision support (spatial decision support systems) as advanced GIS technologies made for solving complex, semistructured or nonstructured problems and their application in the agriculture sector. GIS-based technologies has been reviewed through several examples of their use in agriculture and special respect has been given to the precision farming concept, giving short insight into SSToolbox software (SST). The last part of the article is dedicate to the possible usage of GIS-based technologies in the Serbian agriculture.
GIS application for the natural conditions evaluation of Razanj municipality for agriculture purposes
Authors: Smiljanic Sanja , Djurdjic Snezana
Published: October 2010

In this paper is presented an example of quantitative evaluation of natural conditions for the agriculture purposes on the territory of Razanj municipality. With assistance of GIS application, are analyzed soil attributes of municipality territory, angles of slopes, expositions of relief and hypsometric attributes. The final result of evaluation is synthesis map of capabilities for the agriculture purpose. As eliminatory factor in this analyses are observed areas under forest vegetation.
Cacak and its daily urban system: 1st part
Authors: Stamenkovic Srboljub , Gataric Dragica
Published: October 2010

According to its functional capacity and the range of convergent and divergent gravitational influences, Cacak belongs to the group of macroregional centers of Serbia, with spatially and demographically strongly expressed and branchy urban system. In this article, we have analyzed daily convergent and divergent areas of labor force only, while other segments of urban system of Cacak will be treated in our forthcoming articles. Every day 10011 people travel toward Cacak, as well as from the city toward surroundings, to work or study. In the convergent daily gravitation, 8537 commuters take place (6592 workers or 77.2%, and 1945 schoolchildren and students or 22.8%), of which workers traveling from 166 settlements situated in the city surrounding. Divergent daily urban influence of Cacak has significantly smaller mass - 1474 commuters (1089 workers or 73.9%, and 385 pupils and students or 26.1%), as well as less settlements toward which distribution workers of commuters is distributed (91 settlements). Daily urban area of labor force of Cacak is wider and demographically more expressed comparing to the same area of pupils and students.
Regional and functional development of Knic
Authors: Vujadinovic Snezana , Gajic Mirjana
Published: October 2010

Changes of demographic, functional and physiognomic characteristics of Knic were analyzed in this paper. From the demographic viewpoint Knic represents the largest, and according to the functions the most important settlement of the same called municipality. The closeness and direct influence of Kragujevac determined to a great extent the course and level of the development of Knic. The settlement is depopulation with poorly developed functions, the territorial range of which does not exceed the territorial border of the municipality.
Gabrovnica: Contribution to depopulation in Serbia
Authors: Martinovic Marija , Santic Danica
Published: October 2010

Development of village Gabrovnica from the prehistorically time to modern days is characterized by a number of geographic, historical, spatial demographic, social and economic changes. In this paper are emphasized four main stages in its evolution: initial (from the foundation to the Turkish conquests), early stage (period of Turkish rule), central stage (from the liberation to the end of The Second world war), and modern stage that lasts for more than 50 years. Geographic, historical and antropogeographic factors were in flavour to evolution of Gabrovnica in antic and medieval period when the village was mentioned for the first time in written documents. After the liberation from the long Turkish rule, the development was significant and rapid. In the modern stage, especially after 1960s, stagnation and negative development tendencies occurred. Today Gabrovnica is village with only 5 citizens and with serious treat to be abandoned. This is also a current problem in settlements and its spatial and demographic development in Serbia. Complete depopulation of Gabrovnica is undoubtedly in nearby future.
Migrants from the former Yugoslavia in the Netherlands
Authors: Jancic Marijana
Published: October 2010

There are 76 thousand of migrants originating from the former Yugoslavia in the Netherlands today. They present one of the smaller non-native ethnic groups in this country. Based on migration period, they can be divided in two groups - migrants from the 60?s en 70?s ("old generation") en migrants from the 90?s of the last century ("new generation"). These two groups differ from each other in educational structure, earnings, integration processes etc. Demographical, economical, social and cultural parameters of the immigrants from the former Yugoslavia are often closer to those of the autochthonous population then those related to the other allochthonous groups - they are one of the best integrated immigrant groups in the Netherlands. This paper deals with number, spatial distribution and history of migrations, gender, age, educational, confessional, employment and earnings structure, as well as criminal, integration and chances of return of this immigrant group to the country of origin.
Some issues of environmental problem integration in sustainable development strategies
Authors: Miljanovic Dragana
Published: October 2010

This article treats theoretical-methodological positions of interdependence economic and environmental dimension of development. Approaches to the environmental problems in process of defining development strategies in Serbia are presented. It was pointed that introduction of integrated approach in coordination development policy with environmental policy is necessary.
Methodological spot of establishing silt deposit concentration in Serbian rivers
Authors: Dragicevic Slavoljub , Manojlovic Predrag , Nikolic Jugoslav
Published: October 2010

Recent methodology of sampling and establishing silt deposit concentration in Serbian rivers is associated to numerous deficiencies. Daily concentrations of this type of river deposit on the most of the hydrological gauges were obtained on the base of only one measurement, which takes into consideration the matter of representative ness of those samples. Taking the samples of deposit in one point on the profile is little bit problematic because of dispersion of the obtained results. Very important matter is the question of choice of the sampling location. This analyses of data may lead to serious spots in calculating total carried deposit. From the above mentioned reasons, we decided to take precise measurements of silt deposit concentration as well as to establish methodological spots of measurements. The results of these measurements are analyzed and presented in this paper.
Certain aspects of anthropogenic influence on the intensity of the erosive process in Temstica river basin
Authors: Mustafic Sanja
Published: October 2010

Comparative analyses of data in the observing period from 1970 until 2003 has shown that there has been decrease of the erosive processes on the territory of Temstica river basin. It has been established that character and the intensity of the erosion depends not only on physical factors but on demographic and socio-economical changes in the investigated space.
Possible connection between Danube river discharge variability and solar activity
Authors: Ducic Vladan , Lukovic Jelena , Nikolova Nina
Published: October 2010

Relations between discharge changes and solar activity are very complex and this is the reason why the obtained results are often contradictory. In this paper we tray to explore possible relation between Danube river discharge elements and parameters of solar activity. The best result has been found between flow index and latitude of sunspots. According to literature we propose possible mechanism of solar activity influence on the discharge.
Earth hummocks in the regions of Vlasina and Krajiste, Southern Serbia
Authors: Milosevic Marko , Milivojevic Milovan , Calic Jelena
Published: October 2010

The paper determines genetic factors of earth hummocks that are found below the lower limit of the periglacial processes. This issue was analyzed in the area of Vlasina and Krajiste, where seven localities with earth hummocks and one locality with palsa mounds. Genetic factors have been classified into two groups: inherited factors (geological composition, temperature fluctuations, vegetation, hydrogeological regime) and additional factors, such as human activities which led to changes of ecological balance and microclimatic characteristics.
Changes of total number of population and agricultural population in settlements of community Boljevac
Authors: Pavlovic Sanja
Published: October 2010

In this work are analyzed changes of total number of population and agricultural population in community Boljevac, using statistical data of registers from 1948 to 2002. In tabulars are references of registers from 1961 to 2002. The changes in total number of population are represented with absolute amounts, index of growth (degradation), number and dimension of settlements according to number of population, hypsometric disposition of settlements and population in community Boljevac. The changes in number of agricultural population are analyzed with participation of agricultural population and total number of population and relation between agricultural population and active agricultural population. It is noticabled negative demographic trends, qualified with decrease of natural accession and emigrations. Depopulation, by the register 2002, characterizes all the settlements in community Boljevac. Importance which community centre had decrease, qualifying negative results and impossibility of population restitution.
Population of Gruza in past
Authors: Vujadinovic Snezana , Gajic Mirjana
Published: October 2010

On the basis of studies of historical material, scientific papers and statistical sources, a survey of the settlement development of Gruza has been presented in this paper. It was pointed to the continuity of population of Gruza with the Serbs from Medieval period to nowadays. Depending on the socio-political and economic circumstances in Serbia, the oscillations of the demographic development were analyzed.
Environmental state on the territory of the municipality of Loznica: the basis of integral planning protection
Authors: Filipovic Dejan , Obradovic Danijela
Published: October 2010

Analysis of existing environmental conditions in certain area represents the basis of its further protection, quality improvement and planning of future activities according to sustainable development, potentials and weaknesses of that area and certain needs of local population. There are few different sources of environmental pollution in the municipality of Loznica, and some of them have "important" influences on closer or wider environment. This paper represents environmental state according to conditions of separate elements (air, water, soil), problems of noise and waste, and in the end proposes certain mitigation measures. Also, this work shows categorization of the environment from the "pollution" point of view and indicates spaces that could be imperiled in coming period.
Comparative analyses of regional politics of the European Union and Serbia
Authors: Zivanovic Zora
Published: October 2010

The aim of this article is to show through the comparative analysis, the basic characteristics of regional policy, or the policy of support to the development of less developed areas in our country compared to the regional policy of European Union, with an accent on the instruments for implementation of that policy. Without putting accent on different starting positions for those two development policies, what is for sure the main reason of differences in realized results, the experiences of European Union can be in any case useful and instructive for Serbia as a country with a task of rationalization and establishment of an effective regional policy being a necessity in the forthcoming period.
Protection of the lakes on mount Durmitor
Authors: Stankovic Stevan
Published: October 2010

Mount Durmitor and the town of Zabljak as a unique hub of Montenegro, the first ecological state in the world, must also base their identity on the lakes in which they see their reflections multiplied as in crystal mirrors. The more thoroughly we learn about the lakes and evaluate them in a proper way, the more dazzling they appear to be. The lakes are not all that numerous. They will not be there for ever. They are evolutionary water bodies of low selfpurification potential.
Sex differences in commuting in Serbia
Authors: Lukic Vesna
Published: October 2010

Bearing in mind that sex differences are one of the factors that influence variability of the scope and directions of commuting, the paper treats problems of commuter?s structure according to sex. Although it gives the data about total commuting according to sex (pupils, students and labor force), the emphasis has been put onto commuting patterns of economically active population due to greater number of factors, which in the case of economically active population have the impact on migratory process. Apart from the review about so-far knowledge about determinants on participation of women in commuting and on differences in directions and territorial range of commuting flows according to sex, changes in participation of women in commuting of workers in Serbia (without Kosovo and Metohija) have been analyzed, with discussion about basic characteristics of commuting flows of economically active women in Serbia.
Population and country: Actuality of Rudolf Kjellen's study
Authors: Stepic Milomir , Sreckovic Jelena
Published: October 2010

The aim of this paper was to determine relation between population and country in the meaning of Sweden scientist Rudolf Kjell?n. In the introduction population as an agent of power was determined. It is presented that it's necessary to use modern approach in a science of the country. The analysis of the case at Kjell?n's biologistics conception at the country has been determined, too. Two sub-systems in relation to population agent at the country have been analyzed: demo-politics and socio-politics. It has been referred on actuality at Kjell?n's ideas as well as on certain deficiencies at his ideas. Conclusion at this paper has been dedicated to wide influences at Kjell?n's ideas.
The Luznica settlements: Geographic-historical and spatial-demographic transformation
Authors: Santic Danica , Martinovic Marija
Published: October 2010

Luznica is situated in southeaster Serbia and is consists of 52 settlements. In this paper are emphasized four main stages in evolution of Luznica: initial (from the old ages until the period of Turkish rule), early stage (period of Turkish rule), central stage (from the liberation to the end of The Second World war), and modern stage that lasts for more than 50 years. The specific demographic development from the year of 1879. until modern days is denoted with changes in natural increase and migration. That is caused by the influences of the environmental factors, and also social-historic, economic, socio-psychological and other factors. Since the 60-s this territory is the good example of the area with high altitude and negative appearances in demographic development (depopulation and intensive emigration).
Mondialization: The negation of territory
Authors: Djordjevic Dejan , Dabovic Tijana
Published: October 2010

The main objective of this paper is to present some weaknesses and inconsistence of the mondialization/globalization concept, especially regarding obvious negation of territoriality as a principle and a crude reality of uneven spatial distribution of resources, wealth and population on global scale. The domination of the globalism and neo-liberalism in the spheres of economy, society, culture and even language leads toward greater differences, in such intensity that some authors describe it as a "clash of civilizations". Loosing territoriality means loosing "raison d?etre" of spatial planning. Some efforts to introduce participation as a planning solution for the beginning of the new century is actually a Trojan horse and a step in the wrong direction.
Air quality in the municipality of Loznica: The characteristics of the main air polluters
Authors: Obradovic Danijela , Filipovic Dejan
Published: October 2010

Researches of existing environmental state represent the basis of the researches for the needs of planning new activities or increasing existing activities in space, but also the basis for population?s health research and protection and maintains of areas with important natural and cultural-historic values. Investigations of air pollution and air quality fall into group of basic activities during describing and evaluating the total environmental state in certain area. This paper identifies the main sources of air pollution in the municipality of Loznica and, according to results of measured values of air pollutants (emission and imission values), concludes about air quality. It also proposes in the end mitigation measures for improvement of the air quality, and therefore of entire environment.
Cadastre of speleological features
Authors: Lazarevic Radenko
Published: October 2010

In this paper a speleological cadastre has been shown, in which creation few teams were participating. Sever municipalities were analyzed: Valjevo, Mionica, Bor, Majdanpek, Uzice, Cajetina, Loznica, Arandjelovac, Kucevo, Zlatibor, Sar planina, Rtanj and partly Soko Banja. Starting from 1975, until 2004, 776 speleological objects were investigated.
Dynamics of ozone layer under Serbia and solar activity: Previous statement
Authors: Ducic Vladan , Nikolic Jugoslav
Published: October 2010

The aim of this paper is to identify ozone layer dynamics under Serbian area, as well as possible relations of change in stratospheric ozone concentration with some parameters of solar activity. During the period 1979-2005, the statistical decrease of ozone concentration was noticed under Serbian territory cumulatively for 24.5 DU (7.2%), apropos 9.4 DU (2.8%) by decade. These changes are consistent with the changes in surrounding countries. From absolute minimum 1993, flexible trend of ozone layer pentad values validate hypotheses of its recovery. Correspondence of ozone thickness extreme period with Wolf's number and with the greatest volcanic eruptions shows that interannual variations of stratospheric ozone concentration are still in the function of natural factors above all, as are solar and volcanic activities. Investigation of larger number solar activity parameters shows statistically important antiphase synchronous between the number of polar faculae on the Sun and stratospheric ozone dynamics under Serbia. Respecting that relation between these two features until now isn't depicted, some possible causal mechanisms are proposed.
Quality of the surface and ground water in the municipality of Subotica
Authors: Filipovic Dejan , Obradovic Danijela
Published: October 2010

All the activities and development processes existing on the territory of the municipality of Subotica result in certain effects on the environment. Based on the analysis of the present environmental state, the authors identified certain influences on the quality of the surface and ground water. It is necessary to pay attention much more on the problem of the pollution and protection of the surface and ground water, considering insufficiency of water recourses on this territory, as well as its threatened quality.
Hydrological characteristics and problems of Calma hydro accumulation system
Authors: Dolinaj Dragan , Pavic Dragoslav , Savic Stevan
Published: October 2010

Srem, as traditional farming, orchard and wine-growing region, faces the problem of shortage of water needed for agriculture. During the seventies of the last century brook valleys in the southern part of Fruska Gora loess plateau were intended to be dammed. Thus, artificial lakes could have been formed. It took long period of time to put these projects into practice and numerous projects have not started yet. After the dams had been built and lakes filled with water, planners faced hydro-geological problems at many locations. Nevertheless, these accumulations fulfill their primary function, i.e. they ensure water for irrigation and protect agricultural land from floods. There is a hydroaccumulation system, Calma lakes, near the village of Calma. Its primary function was to ensure water supplies for agriculture, but eventually it got new significance which can be noticed in fish raising and sport fishing development.
Euroregions in the Podrinje region
Authors: Tosic Branka , Todorovic Marina
Published: October 2010

Regionalization is a contemporary conception of a development within a society. We are interested in cooperation at regions whose area is intersected by the national border. One of those borders is the Drina River that in different periods had changeable role of connecting or separating. In this way we want to stress the necessity of making a stronger, functional connection and developing of overall process of integration in the Podrinje region, on a land between the two republics-Serbia and the Republic of Srpska, because we think that this area has the most reasons for that, but so far it has been done very little. The first attempts to form Euroregions in Lower Podrinje region have already started, but it lacks many activities for this area to receive a cross-border role that it deserves.
Sustainable city spatial structure research: Quo vadis?
Authors: Tosic Dragutin , Krunic Nikola , Nevenic Marija
Published: October 2010

This article contributes, in the form of theoretical discussion, to the review of relevant methods for determination of city's spatial structure through the retrospective of continuity/discontinuity of understanding their spatial structure from the school of classical sociology to the sustainable development paradigm. Particularly, authors underline significance and analyze main theories and their models (social-ecology, economics, system science and geography) in the researching of spatial structure of the cities. They conclude that urban settlements spatial structure is resultant of complex dynamically-developing processes between settlements networks and systems on the one, and also between their internal components, on the other side. In their essence, cities are not statistical category, but complex and dynamical system whose structure reflects the relations between economic, social and cultural organization of life, adapted to the geographic environment.
Some spatial-demographic aspects of daily interaction of Belgrade and surroundings
Authors: Stamenkovic Srboljub , Gataric Dragica
Published: October 2010

Belgrade as the capital of the Republic of Serbia represents, among others, one of the leading metropolises of Southeastern Europe and Balkan Peninsula. Its gravitation impacts-convergent and divergent, exceed to a great extent the borders of mother country. On basis of available data, by the census of 2002, it is for certain that 134,415 migrants - workers, pupils and students are moving daily to Belgrade and from Belgrade towards closer and broader surroundings, but mass of convergent daily migration is larger (120,585 migrants or 89.7%) than mass of divergent daily movements (13,830 migrants or 10.3%). Daily urban system of Belgrade includes considerable area of many diverse kinds and types of settlements wherefrom the city receives daily migrants and wherein it gives the migrants daily.
Methodologic-cartographic algorithm
Authors: Ikonovic Vesna , Zivkovic Dragica
Published: October 2010

Many famous world cartographers deal with definition and significance of cartographic method. Cartographic method is the one of the most important method of researching and knowledge of geospace. Like that it is applying in researching of all spatial sciences. By its usage we got 2D, 3D and 4D models of reality. The most importance cartographic models are maps and atlases.