bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Look Up
Authors: Duckworth Greg , Krouse Andrew
Published: March 2020

This study examines data acquired from 120 undergraduate college students as part of a required assignment in which they were required to eliminate the use of all technology for a consecutive 24-hour period. The data were analyzed to determine (1) how they felt starting the assignment, (2) what technology they stopped using, (3) substitute activities used in lieu of technology, (4) how they felt at the conclusion of the technology moratorium, and (5) whether the participants would introduce long-term change in their use of technology. It was determined that, overall, students were apprehensive at the start of the exercise but subsequently experienced a positive experience at the conclusion. The most commonly identified technology device identified was a mobile phone. Substitute activities varied and included things such as sleeping, reading, and spending time with friend and family. Because of the positive experience, many indicated that they would be more mindful and modify their usage of technology devices.
Cultivating Flow and Happiness in Children
Authors: Valencia Tatiana Camila , Valencia Stephanie Johan
Published: March 2020

This chapter emphasizes the interrelatedness of three important concepts: flow, creativity, and happiness. In positive psychology, “flow” is identified as a state of consciousness that involves an energized focus as one presently engages in an enjoyed activity. This chapter will help readers understand how to cultivate flow and creativity in their everyday lives and explain why doing so can lead to an enhancement in wellbeing and personal development. The important role of parenting in a child's life will also be addressed as children absorb a vast amount of information from their parents who innately are their first mirroring role models. The authors will also provide insight into personal and societal barriers that may hinder creative expression and the sustainment of happiness.
Key Ingredients for Fostering Emotional Intelligence in Children
Authors: Silton Nava R. , Anzovino Amanda
Published: March 2020

This chapter delves into the history of emotional intelligence, from early allusions in the 1920s to contemporary times. It describes the various facets and components of emotional intelligence, discusses how it can be measured, and will discriminate between the emotional quotient (EQ) and the intelligence quotient (IQ) in terms of predicting future life success. The chapter then delineates key ingredients for becoming an emotionally intelligent parent and for promoting emotionally intelligent strategies in the home. Finally, the chapter concludes with comprehensive sections of how to foster emotional intelligence in the workplace and in the school system. The benefits of infusing emotional intelligence in the home, the school, and the workplace are emphasized and discussed.
Teaching Innovation Through Collaborative and Team-Based Learning
Authors: Manion Heather Kathleen , Dyck Trish , Thackeray Susan , Shah-Preusser Nooreen
Published: March 2020

Higher educational institutions must radically (re)envision teaching and learning opportunities. Provision of content through learned scholars is insufficient. There is a need to curate innovative, integrative, and transformational education. This chapter explores how collaborative, team-based learning provides relevant, innovative, and generative approaches to working through real-world, urgent, complex, social, environmental and economic issues. Collaborative and team-based learning can support student citizenship, changemaking capacity, collaboration, respect for diversity, and effective practice across a range of professions. Despite the opportunities, team-based exercises pose significant challenges for students. Drawing on an action-oriented research project, this chapter discusses ways to improve processes to support students' team-related skills to further their success and student citizenship.
Innovative Curriculum Design
Authors: Palahicky Sophia
Published: March 2020

Learning outcomes are often referred to as the foundation of the curriculum and some scholars see them as “first elements” with precedence over other curriculum aspects. Nevertheless, when learning outcomes drive the curriculum design process, this can hinder creativity and collaboration. This chapter describes a disruptive approach to curriculum design that shifts the focus off learning outcomes and instead emphasizes collaboration and blueprint design to enable innovative curriculum design. A definition of innovative curriculum design is included in this chapter to enhance the scholarly literature and deepen understanding about this topic. In addition, this chapter describes an innovative approach to program review practices and features the design, development, and implementation of a recently developed program mapping application (PMA).
The Impact of Technology Innovation on the Undergraduate Learner
Authors: Palahicky Victoria
Published: March 2020

Undergraduate learners, as they try to figure out who they are through the process of identity formation, are vulnerable to the damage social media can cause. Yet, social media continues to grow in popularity among users (ages 18-29) and affords the ability to create a more desirable self; sustain current social relationships; and connect with new individuals around the globe. On the other hand, social media use can significantly impact perceptions of “self.” This chapter presents a critical perspective of social media use and the impact it can have on undergraduate learners' mental health and wellbeing. It concludes with a call for innovative supports for the undergraduate learner to address these issues.
Innovation in the Learning Management System (LMS)
Authors: Brown Katie
Published: March 2020

This qualitative study identifies design principles and delivery methods best suited for the retail industry with a focus on training front-line workers. This research identifies key design elements to aid retail organizations in choosing an effective online learning solution for their workforce. To provide clear and relevant design recommendations specific to the retail workforce, the scope of the research focused on learner characteristics, e-learning in the workplace, adult learning theory, as well as current design and delivery features available on the market. Through a meta-synthesis of qualitative research, findings indicate a need for soft skill development related to customer interactions. A list of design principles targeting soft skill development of the front-line retail worker is recommended based on both industry and academic research.
Illumination and Rotation Invariant Texture Representation for Face Recognition
Authors: Kudari Medha , Shivashankar S.  , Hiremath Prakash S.
Published: March 2020

This article presents a novel approach for illumination and rotation invariant texture representation for face recognition. A gradient transformation is used as illumination invariance property and a Galois Field for the rotation invariance property. The normalized cumulative histogram bin values of the Gradient Galois Field transformed image represent the illumination and rotation invariant texture features. These features are further used as face descriptors. Experimentations are performed on FERET and extended Cohn Kanade databases. The results show that the proposed method is better as compared to Rotation Invariant Local Binary Pattern, Log-polar transform and Sorted Local Gradient Pattern and is illumination and rotation invariant.
Effects of Cognitive Load and Game Involvement on Affective Responses in Branded Entertainment
Authors: Güngör Ayşegül Sağkaya , Çadırcı Tuğce Ozansoy
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of cognitive load and game involvement on consumers' affective responses while comparing single and multi-brand settings in advergames. An experiment was conducted to study the differences between single and multi-brand settings at different levels of cognitive load, with the interaction of game involvement. Results showed that although there was no significant attitude difference towards single and multi-brand settings in advergames, the players' attitude towards the main brand is more positive in a single brand setting. Second, different levels of cognitive load affect attitude towards the main brand both in single and multi-brand settings, but the attitude change is observed only in single brand setting at high cognitive load. The results of the third analysis yielded that game involvement along with high cognitive load affects all attitudes positively.
Exploring Technology Professional Development Needs of Digital Immigrant Teachers and Digital Native Teachers in China
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Qiu , Lei Jing
Published: March 2020

This study examined if professional development needs of digital natives and immigrant teachers differed for technology integration in a Chinese education setting. Quantitative and qualitative data was collected from 500 teachers at six schools in China. The digital native teachers and immigrant teachers were compared in terms of their different technology use behaviors and integration skills. The findings indicated that even though the digital native teachers had greater comfort with basic technology than the digital immigrant teachers, they still required training for effective integration of technology in their teaching. The digital immigrant teachers needed more basic technology operations training connections between technologies and teaching. Future technology professional developments in developing countries should: 1) consider the different needs of digital native teachers and digital immigrant teachers; 2) prepare them to make meaningful connections between technologies and their teachings; and 3) adopt individual coaching with on-site designated specialists.
The Extent of Using E-Learning Among Teachers of Higher Basic Stage in Jordan
Authors: Arouri Yousef Mhmoud , Odat Bayan
Published: March 2020

This study aimed at exploring the extent of using e-learning among teachers of higher basic stages in one of the southern governorates in Jordan. The researchers used the descriptive approach to collect, analyze the data, and to interpret the results. The study sample consisted of 365 male and female teachers, and it was selected by using the stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire was developed to collect the data, and its validity and reliability were checked. The study results showed that the teachers were using e-learning moderately. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences due to the variables of gender and specialization. However, there were statistically significant differences due to the experience variable. In light of the study results, teachers should use e-learning strategy in their teaching process regardless the subject of the course content. In addition, teachers who have five years and more in teaching experiences should obtain training that focus on the updated use of technology tools.
Personalized Key Drivers for Individual Responses in Regression Modeling
Authors: Lipovetsky Stan
Published: March 2020

Identification of personalized key drivers is useful to managers in finding a special set of tools for each customer for a better contingency to a higher satisfaction and loyalty and for diminishing risk and uncertainty of decision making. Finding the most attractive attributes of a product for a buyer, or the main helpful features of a medicine for a patient, can be considered via identifying the key drivers in regression modeling. The problem of predictor importance is usually considered on the aggregate level for a set of all respondents. This article shows how to identify a specific set of key drivers for each individual respondent. Two techniques are proposed: the orthonormal matrices used for the relative importance by Gibson and R. Johnson, and the cooperative game theory by Shapley value of predictors in regression. Numerical estimations show that a specific set of key drivers can be found for each respondent or customer, that can be valuable for managerial decisions in marketing research and other areas of practical statistical modeling.
Texture Recognition Using Gabor Filter for Extracting Feature Vectors With the Regression Mining Algorithm
Authors: Bhargava Neeraj , Bhargava Ritu , Rathore Pramod Singh , Kumar Abhishek
Published: March 2020

This article considered only natural types of texture and then applying the Gabor filter for better classifications. The concept used is to discard the stochastic features to avoid any mixing of feature vector while it is extracting from the image dataset. The proposed approach has considered the Gabor filter for texture recognition primarily but with the combined method of spatial width and orientation to get the optimal alignment, this optical alignment mine the maximum feature vector by applying the REP algorithm over the data mined from the texture. This will result in better accuracy in the results. Initially, the frequency response over the surface due to applying Gabor filter has been calculated and then the work proceeded in a manner that first natural images are loaded into the MATLAB tool then it is preprocessed, and then final classifications are performed for final results. The primarily concentrated over texture information of image datasets rather than the multispectral information along with REP regression algorithm to do actual mining of feature vectors. Unlike the conventional approach of the Gabor filter, this article focuses on the variance and spatial relationship between two or more than two pixels. The deviation calculated is used for normalizing the feature vectors, and the accuracy can be hence increase using the proposed commuted technique.
Emotions Recognition and Signal Classification
Authors: Fathalla Rana Seif , Alshehri Wafa Saad
Published: March 2020

Affective computing aims to create smart systems able to interact emotionally with users. For effective affective computing experiences, emotions should be detected accurately. The emotion influences appear in all the modalities of humans, such as the facial expression, voice, and body language, as well as in the different bio-parameters of the agents, such as the electro-dermal activity (EDA), the respiration patterns, the skin conductance, and the temperature as well as the brainwaves, which is called electroencephalography (EEG). This review provides an overview of the emotion recognition process, its methodology, and methods. It also explains the EEG-based emotion recognition as an example of emotion recognition methods demonstrating the required steps starting from capturing the EEG signals during the emotion elicitation process, then feature extraction using different techniques, such as empirical mode decomposition technique (EMD) and variational mode decomposition technique (VMD). Finally, emotion classification using different classifiers including the support vector machine (SVM) and deep neural network (DNN) is also highlighted.
Real Time Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Palit Sandip , Ghosh Soumadip
Published: March 2020

Data is the most valuable resource. We have a lot of unstructured data generated by the social media giants Twitter, Facebook, and Google. Unfortunately, analytics on unstructured data cannot be performed. As the availability of the internet became easier, people started using social media platforms as the primary medium for sharing their opinions. Every day, millions of opinions from different parts of the world are posted on Twitter. The primary goal of Twitter is to let people share their opinion with a big audience. So, if the authors can effectively analyse the tweets, valuable information can be gained. Storing these opinions in a structured manner and then using that to analyse people's reactions and perceptions about buying a product or a service is a very vital step for any corporate firm. Sentiment analysis aims to analyse and discover the sentiments behind opinions of various people on different subjects like commercial products, politics, and daily societal issues. This research has developed a model to determine the polarity of a keyword in real time.
A Novel Nature Instilled Moving Sink Architecture for Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Bagjadab Amiya Bhusan , Priyadarshini Sushree Bibhuprada B.
Published: March 2020

Wireless sensor networks are commonly used to monitor certain regions and to collect data for several application domains. Generally, in wireless sensor networks, data are routed in a multi-hop fashion towards a static sink. In this scenario, the nodes closer to the sink become heavily involved in packet forwarding, and their battery power is exhausted rapidly. This article proposes that a special node (i.e., mobile sink) will move in the specified region and collect the data from the sensors and transmit it to the base station such that the communication distance of the sensors will be reduced. The aim is to provide a track for the sink such that it covers maximum sensor nodes. Here, the authors compared two tracks theoretically and in the future will try to simulate the two tracks for the sink movement so as to identify the better one.
Population Based Equilibrium in Hybrid SA/PSO for Combinatorial Optimization
Authors: Brezinski Kenneth , Guevarra Michael , Ferens Ken
Published: March 2020

This article introduces a hybrid algorithm combining simulated annealing (SA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve the convergence time of a series of combinatorial optimization problems. The implementation carried out a dynamic determination of the equilibrium loops in SA through a simple, yet effective determination based on the recent performance of the swarm members. In particular, the authors demonstrated that strong improvements in convergence time followed from a marginal decrease in global search efficiency compared to that of SA alone, for several benchmark instances of the traveling salesperson problem (TSP). Following testing on 4 additional city list TSP problems, a 30% decrease in convergence time was achieved. All in all, the hybrid implementation minimized the reliance on parameter tuning of SA, leading to significant improvements to convergence time compared to those obtained with SA alone for the 15 benchmark problems tested.
Examining the Effect of Reviewer Socioeconomic Status Disclosure on Customers' Purchase Intention
Authors: Liu Yuming , Du Rong
Published: March 2020

Image reviews can directly indicate socioeconomic status (SES) of reviewers, which is completely different from text reviews. However, image reviews are under the way to be deeply explored the effect of reviewers' SES disclosures on customer purchase intention. This research uses experimental method to examine social status effect of reviewers in different consumption settings and the underlying mechanism. The findings demonstrate that SES disclosure of reviewers has a significant influence on customers' purchase intentions, indicating that participants have higher purchase intention when they perceive that the products are recommended by high SES reviewers than by low SES reviewers. However, the social status effect occurs when the product is consumed in public but does not occur when the product is consumed in private. This research also finds that participants with high self-presentation concerns would be significantly influenced by reviewers' SES when a product is consumed in public, but participants with low self-presentation concern would not be influenced.
Critical Success Factors Affecting Information System Satisfaction in Public Sector Organizations
Authors: Rouibah Kamel , Dihani Adel , Al-Qirim Nabeel
Published: March 2020

Many studies have investigated technology adoption in western countries and ignored the Arab region. The available Arab studies focused on the technology adoption model (TAM) and its subsequent variations while leaving important factors such as information quality, user involvement, availability of training and top management support on the success of information systems (IS). Despite that these factors were studied scantly in some past studies, this research attempts to fill this gap and develop a more integrative model of IS success. Results indicated the existence of four critical success factors, three organizational factors (management support, training, user involvement), and an information system factor (information quality), that affect IS success (use and satisfaction). Results found that information quality for the first time mediates the effect of the three organizational factors on IS success, while TAM components (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use) have no effect.
IT Application Maturity in China
Authors: Peng Jianping , Guo Peiwen , Guo Meiwen , Zhang Guoying
Published: March 2020

In order to investigate the relationship between IT application maturity and management capabilities, the authors conducted a survey study to collect related company information for analysis. Data processing was conducted to obtain valid and reliable variables representing IT application maturity, management institutional capability, and process management capability. Then, they adopted a partial differential equation approach to capture the time dynamics of these variables. The equations were solved analytically, and further empirically estimated through our processed survey data. The validated model demonstrates that both management capabilities have direct enhancement effects on IT application maturity. In addition, process management capability has a greater influence on IT application maturity in comparison with management institutional capability. Furthermore, it is found that there exist local maximums for both enhancement effects, provided that the two management capabilities are well balanced. The findings not only offer practical implications, but also supplement the literature of factors for IS success in light of the dynamic relationship between IT application maturity and management capabilities.
Management Support Model for Information Technology Outsourcing
Authors: Ensslin Leonardo , Mussi Clarissa Carneiro , Dutra Ademar , Ensslin Sandra Rolim , Demetrio Sandro Natalino
Published: March 2020

This study deals with the problem of outsourcing management, presenting a structure to support decision-making on effective information-technology outsourcing and highlighting the advantages and disadvantages that must be addressed. Since the study involves multiple variables, partially defined and conflicting objectives, and the will of decision-makers to broaden their understanding of the impact of decisions, the study used the multicriteria decision aid constructivist method to lead data collection and analysis. The chief results presented are: (i) a structured appraisal arranged by 8 strategic objectives and 107 performance indicators; (ii) the strengths and weaknesses of the status quo; and (iii) a process diagram for generating improvements. To ensure presentation of scientific and practical recognition in accordance with the constructivist path, the epistemological view adopted meets the scientific and practical requirements to ensure validity, legitimacy, and effectiveness of a model to support a decision-making process in a practical environment.
Decarbonizing Technique for Casting Iron to Make Wrought Iron Products in Northern Kyushu during the Yayoi Period
Authors: Miyamoto Kazuo
Published: March 2020

Iron furnaces first appeared in western Japan at the end of the Middle Yayoi period, around the 1st century BC. At the same time, iron tools and weapons started to be produced in western Japan using iron raw materials imported from the continent. We discovered the first ever iron furnace that had been constructed on the surface with a clay wall and bellows at Karakami Site, Iki Island, Nagasaki Prefecture. At this site, flat iron and fragments of casting iron were found along with a large quantity of stone tools related to the site. Given the different structure of the furnace on the surface with the bellows along with the lack of iron slag and cut iron fragments, it is probable that this type of furnace was used for the production of wrought iron by decarbonizing from cast iron. This decarbonizing technique of making wrought iron from cast iron has been successfully demonstrated through experimental archeology. When comparing the forms of flat iron found in northern Kyushu during the Yayoi period, the same forms of flat iron are only found in the Itoshima area or lower Onga River area, but not in the Fukuoka Plains. In addition, pottery from the Itoshima area and lower Onga River area of the Middle Yayoi period is found at Karakami Site, although pottery from the Fukuoka Plains has not been found at this site through petrologic analysis. Therefore, it is believed that flat iron from wrought iron ingots produced by decarbonizing from cast iron in furnaces on the surface was exported from Karakami Site to the Itoshima area or the lower Ongagawa area. On the other hand, there was no trading of wrought iron ingots between Karakami Site of Iki Island and the Na area of the Fukuoka Plains.
Characterization of Early Iron-Production Technologies in Chungju, Korea
Authors: Lee Eunwoo
Published: March 2020

In the presentation, previous archaeological achievements as well as analytical studies conducted on ironwork sites in Chungju are reviewed. In addition, the early iron production technology in the area can be characterized based on various evidences. Extensive ironworks were conducted at various sites concentrated especially in Chungju. Direct smelting was still the main technology until rather later on. Substantial amounts of tap slag and their analytical features support this idea. In addition, comprehensive studies as to the structure of furnaces and tuyeres used to do ironwork and their technical relationships also need to be discussed. Furthermore, smithing processes, which were mostly conducted at the smelting sites, were also described in detail so that the general ironworking process could be identified.
Recent Advancing Scientific Examination on Ancient Metallurgical Remains of Chinese Paktong in Yunnan Province
Authors: Huang Chao , Du Jia Lin
Published: March 2020

The invention of Chinese paktong was well-known in ancient China from at least the fourth century AD and is considered to be one of the most important inventions in the history of metallurgy, facilitating economic and material exchange in the West during the 17-19th centuries. As recent investigations into the relevant archives of paktong show, it is recognized that the early industry of such metal had intimate connections with Yunnan and Sichuan provinces. Due to the recent year research on some ancient metallurgical remains of Chinese paktong in Yunnan, it shows that the slags in the sites of Mouding and Jiangyin were from the specific metallurgical process, probably by intentionally accumulating nickel with iron. Both sites were likely to be the places of mining or refining and roasting the ores, but the outcomes from them might be the roughly finished products.
H and L Chain Affinity Maturation and/or Fab N-Glycosylation Influence Immunoreactivity toward Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Antigens in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial B Cell Clones
Authors: Corsiero Elisa , Carlotti Emanuela , Jagemann Lucas , Perretti Mauro , Pitzalis Costantino , Bombardieri Michele
Published: March 2020

We previously showed that anti–neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-rmAbs derived from CD19+ B cells within RA human synovial tissues frequently react against NETs. In this study, we aimed to characterize the importance of affinity maturation via somatic hypermutation (SHM) within the Ig variable H (VH) and variable L (VL) chains and Fab–N-linked glycosylation in RA synovial B cell clones reactive to NETs and NET-derived Ags such as citrullinated histones. Selected anti-NET RA-rmAbs derived from synovial RA CD19+ B cells were subjected to overlap-PCR to generate germline (GL; VH and VL reverted into GL), hybrid clones (VH/VL region reverted into GL), and N-glycosylation mutants (N→Q) and analyzed for anti-NETs and citrullinated histones (cit-H2B) immunoreactivity. Anti-NET/cit-H2B immunoreactivity of selected RA-rmAbs was abrogated in the VH and VL GL counterpart. In RA B cell hybrid clone RA015/11.88 and RA056/11.23.2, NET and/or cit-H2B immunoreactivity was solely dependent on SHM in the IgVH region whereas RA B cell hybrid clone RA015/11.91 required affinity maturation of both VH and VL for efficient binding to cit-H2B. In 7/80 RA-rmAb, SHM resulted in ex novo N-glycosylation sites in VH and/or VL regions. Removal of Fab-linked glycans in RA056/11.23.2 in the N-mutant counterpart resulted in 90% reduction in immunoreactivity to cit-H2B. Thus, SHM in the IgVH and/or VL regions of RA synovial B cells is necessary for the immunoreactivity to NET-Ags. Fab–N-linked–glycosylation introduction sites are observed in a minority of anti-NET B cell clones but can strongly influence NET-Ag binding.
Single-Legged Hop and Single-Legged Squat Balance Performance in Recreational Athletes With a History of Concussion
Authors: Lynall Robert C. , Campbell Kody R. , Mauntel Timothy C. , Blackburn J. Troy , Mihalik Jason P.
Published: March 2020

Context

Researchers have suggested that balance deficiencies may linger during functional activities after concussion recovery.

Objective

To determine whether participants with a history of concussion demonstrated dynamic balance deficits as compared with control participants during single-legged hops and single-legged squats.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 15 previously concussed participants (6 men, 9 women; age = 19.7 ± 0.9 years, height = 169.2 ± 9.4 cm, mass = 66.0 ± 12.8 kg, median time since concussion = 126 days [range = 28–432 days]) were matched with 15 control participants (6 men, 9 women; age = 19.7 ± 1.6 years, height = 172.3 ± 10.8 cm, mass = 71.0 ± 10.4 kg).

Intervention(s)

During single-legged hops, participants jumped off a 30-cm box placed at 50% of their height behind a force plate, landed on a single limb, and attempted to achieve a stable position as quickly as possible. Participants performed single-legged squats while standing on a force plate.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Time to stabilization (TTS; time for the normalized ground reaction force to stabilize after landing) was calculated during the single-legged hop, and center-of-pressure path and speed were calculated during single-legged squats. Groups were compared using analysis of covariance, controlling for average days since concussion.

Results

The concussion group demonstrated a longer TTS than the control group during the single-legged hop on the nondominant leg (mean difference = 0.35 seconds [95% confidence interval = 0.04, 0.64]; F2,27 = 5.69, P = .02). No TTS differences were observed for the dominant leg (F2,27 = 0.64, P = .43). No group differences were present for the single-legged squat on either leg (P ≥ .11).

Conclusions

Dynamic balance-control deficits after concussion may contribute to an increased musculoskeletal injury risk. Given our findings, we suggest that neuromuscular deficits currently not assessed after concussion may linger. Time to stabilization is a clinically applicable measure that has been used to distinguish patients with various pathologic conditions, such as chronic ankle instability and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, from healthy control participants. Whereas the single-legged squat may not sufficiently challenge balance control, future study of the more dynamic single-legged hop is needed to determine its potential diagnostic and prognostic value after concussion.
The Effects of Eccentric Training on Biceps Femoris Architecture and Strength: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gérard Rémy , Gojon Léo , Decleve Philippe , Van Cant Joachim
Published: March 2020

Objective

To determine the effects of an eccentric hamstrings strength-training program, performed for at least 4 weeks by healthy adults, on muscle architecture and eccentric strength.

Data Sources

A systematic search was performed up to October 2018 in the following electronic databases: PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus. Combinations of the following search terms were used: eccentric strength training, eccentric loading, nordic hamstring, hamstring strength, fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness, muscle architecture, biceps femoris long head, biceps femoris, and hamstring muscles.

Study Selection

Included articles were randomized controlled trials that allowed comparisons between isolated eccentric strength training of the biceps femoris muscle and other programs.

Data Extraction

Data from the included studies were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. These data included the study design, participant characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria of clinical studies, exercise and intervention characteristics, outcome measures, and the main results of the study. When meta-analysis was possible, we performed quantitative analysis. Ten randomized controlled trials were included.

Data Synthesis

Limited to moderate evidence indicated that eccentric strength training was associated with an increase in fascicle length (mean difference [MD] = 1.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48, 2.46), an increase in muscle thickness (MD = 0.10; 95% CI = 0.06, 0.13), and a decrease in pennation angle (MD = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.61, 3.11). Conflicted to moderate evidence indicated that eccentric hamstrings strength was increased after eccentric strength training compared with concentric strength training (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.26, 1.86), usual level of activity (SMD = 2.72; 95% CI = 1.68, 3.77), and static stretching (SMD = 0.39; 95% CI = −0.97, 1.75).

Conclusions

In healthy adults, an eccentric strength-training program produced architectural adaptations on the long head of the biceps femoris muscle and increased eccentric hamstrings strength.
Full-genome sequences of the first two SARS-CoV-2 viruses from India
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Potdar Varsha A. , Choudhary Manohar Lal , Nyayanit Dimpal A. , Agrawal Megha , Jadhav Santosh M. , Majumdar Triparna D. , Shete-Aich Anita , Basu Atanu , Abraham Priya , Cherian Sarah S.
Published: March 2020

Background & objectives:

Since December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has globally affected 195 countries. In India, suspected cases were screened for SARS-CoV-2 as per the advisory of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The objective of this study was to characterize SARS-CoV-2 sequences from three identified positive cases as on February 29, 2020.

Methods:

Throat swab/nasal swab specimens for a total of 881 suspected cases were screened by E gene and confirmed by RdRp (1), RdRp (2) and N gene real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions and next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis, molecular characterization and prediction of B- and T-cell epitopes for Indian SARS-CoV-2 sequences were undertaken.

Results:

Three cases with a travel history from Wuhan, China, were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. Almost complete (29,851 nucleotides) genomes of case 1, case 3 and a fragmented genome for case 2 were obtained. The sequences of Indian SARS-CoV-2 though not identical showed high (~99.98%) identity with Wuhan seafood market pneumonia virus (accession number: NC 045512). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Indian sequences belonged to different clusters. Predicted linear B-cell epitopes were found to be concentrated in the S1 domain of spike protein, and a conformational epitope was identified in the receptor-binding domain. The predicted T-cell epitopes showed broad human leucocyte antigen allele coverage of A and B supertypes predominant in the Indian population.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The two SARS-CoV-2 sequences obtained from India represent two different introductions into the country. The genetic heterogeneity is as noted globally. The identified B- and T-cell epitopes may be considered suitable for future experiments towards the design of vaccines and diagnostics. Continuous monitoring and analysis of the sequences of new cases from India and the other affected countries would be vital to understand the genetic evolution and rates of substitution of the SARS-CoV-2.
Editorial: Smart Technologies Improve our Daily Lives
Authors: Li Shancang , Jiunn Deng Der
Published: March 2020

The IoT based smart technologies are signiﬁcantly changing many aspects of our daily lives, including smart home assistant, smart helmet, security, location-based services, etc. Actually, the emerging technologies, such as 5G, artiﬁcial intelligence (AI), play key roles at the heart of the industry IoT transformation. This editorial summarised the most recent research results in diﬀerent areas.
Inadequate riparian zone use directly decreases water quality of a low-order urban stream in southern Brazil
Authors: Crisigiovanni Enzo Luigi , Nascimento Elynton Alves do , Godoy Rodrigo Felipe Bedim , Oliveira-Filho Paulo Costa de , Vidal Carlos Magno de Sousa , Martins Kelly Geronazzo
Published: March 2020

Considering the current importance watercourses quality conservation, it is important to establish relationships between parameters that enable evaluation of the origins of changes in water quality, allowing actions to mitigate them. However, it is important to improve the association of different variables and to take sufficient samples. This study associates usual techniques and parameters to analyse the water quality of an urban river from Paraná State, Brazil. For this, we used biological indicators (aquatic macroinvertebrates), physical-chemical (temperature, turbidity, true colour, pH, DO and BOD5,20) indicators and microbiological (faecal and total coliforms) indicators. These indicators were related to land use and occupation classes obtained from high resolution QuickBird 2 images. For this association, the surroundings (450 meters buffer) of three distinct points of the river were considered: I. Near the spring; II. In the downtown city; and III. In a residential neighbourhood. Different values of physical, chemical and microbiological variables were detected along the river, showing evident relationships between them and with the use and occupation of the urban and peri-urban space in the characterization of surface waters. The association design was able to detect the landscape effect on water quality in a coherent way and that these connections were mainly related to suppression of the riparian forest present in the surroundings, further demonstrating the importance of this vegetation for the maintenance of watercourse quality.
Фрактальные обобщенные матрицы Паскаля
Authors: Burlachenko Evgenii Vasil'evich
Published: March 2020

Множество обобщенных матриц Паскаля, элементами которых являются
обобщенные биномиальные коэффициенты, рассматривается как группа
относительно умножения Адамара.
Вводится специальная система матриц, на основании которой строятся
фрактальные обобщенные матрицы Паскаля. Матрица Паскаля
(треугольник Паскаля) раскладывается в произведение Адамара
фрактальных обобщенных матриц Паскаля, ненулевые элементы которых
равны $p^k$, где $p$ - фиксированное простое число,
$k=0,1,2,…$ . В связи с введенной системой матриц возникает
представление о "нулевых" обобщенных матрицах Паскаля,
каждая из которых является предельным случаем
определенного множества обобщенных матриц Паскаля.
Рассматриваются "нулевые" фрактальные обобщенные матрицы Паскаля,
примером которых является треугольник Паскаля по модулю 2.
Библиография: 11 названий.
О единственности продолжения одной функции
до положительно определенной
Authors: Manov Anatoliy
Published: March 2020

В 1940 г. М. Г. Крейном были найдены необходимые и достаточные условия
продолжения непрерывной функции $f$, определенной в интервале $(-a,a)$,
$a>0$, до положительно определенной на всей числовой оси $\mathbb R$.
Кроме того, Крейн показал, что функцию $1-|x|$, $|x|<a$, можно
продолжить до положительно определенной на $\mathbb R$ тогда и только
тогда, когда $0<a\le 2$, и она имеет единственное продолжение лишь
в случае $a=2$.
В данной работе мы рассматриваем задачу о единственности продолжения
функции $1-|x|$, $|x|\le a$, $a\in(0,1)$, в классе положительно
определенных функций на $\mathbb R$, носитель которых содержится
в отрезке $[-1,1]$ (класс $\mathfrak F$). В статье доказано, что если
$a\in[1/2,1]$ и $\operatorname{Re}\varphi(x)=1-|x|$, $|x|\le a$, для
некоторой $\varphi\in\mathfrak F$, то $\varphi(x)=(1-|x|)_+$,
$x\in\mathbb R$. Кроме того, для любого $a\in(0,1/2)$ найдется такая
функция $\varphi\in\mathfrak F$, что $\varphi(x)=1-|x|$, $|x|\le a$,
но $\varphi(x)\not\equiv(1-|x|)_+$.
Также в работе рассмотрены экстремальные задачи для положительно
определенных функций и неотрицательных тригонометрических многочленов,
косвенно связанные с рассматриваемой задачей о продолжении.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Нижние оценки винеровской нормы в $\mathbb Z_p^d$
Authors: Gabdullin Mikhail Rashidovich
Published: March 2020

Получены нижние оценки $\ell_1$-норм преобразования Фурье
функций, определенных на $\mathbb Z_p^d$.
Библиография: 10 названий.
A filosofia da ancestralidade na educação das relações étnico-raciais nas universidades catarinenses
Authors: Silva Carlos Alberto Silva da , Soares Rosana
Published: March 2020

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre a necessidade de colocar a filosofia da ancestralidade como disciplina no ensino superior de Santa Catarina e no Sul do país, a exemplo do que já ocorre em algumas universidades públicas brasileiras. A filosofia da ancestralidade localiza-se no campo da educação comprometendo-se com a cultura afro-brasileira e com a educação das relações étnico-raciais. Além disso, encontra-se na encruzilhada teórica em que o centro é a filosofia africana e os caminhos possíveis de diálogo se abrem aos pensamentos filosóficos latino-americano, caribenho, europeu e a epistemologia afrocentrada. A filosofia da ancestralidade reivindica uma epistemologia pluriversal, ou seja, uma filosofia afro-brasileira que precisa ser estudada em sala de aula, tendo como finalidade o combate ao racismo histórico e socioculturalmente enraizado no Brasil. A lei 10.639/2003 orienta que os cursos de Historia, Artes e Literatura fomentem a discussão em torno das relações étnico-racial, mas o mapeamento destes cursos das instituições de ensino superior do estado de Santa Catarina revelou a ausência e a invisibilidades de fundamentos teóricos com aderência a filosofia da ancestralidade.
Estado do conhecimento das pesquisas sobre aprendizagem de pessoas jovens e adultas no campo da EJA
Authors: Sanceverino Adriana Regina , Ribeiro Ivanir , Laffin Maria Hermínia Lage Fernandes
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo resulta de um projeto de pesquisa intitulado “Fundamentos e autores recorrentes do campo da Educação de Jovens e Adultos no Brasil” que busca inventariar, sistematizar e analisar produções acadêmica no campo da EJA, que integra pesquisadores de diversos estados do Brasil e do exterior. Este texto objetiva compreender os principais fundamentos teórico-metodológicos que embasam os estudos sobre a aprendizagem, os autores recorrentes e a trajetória de pesquisa deles e dos orientadores no campo da EJA. Convém ponderar que se trata de abordagem quanti-qualitativa de caráter bibliográfico mediante análise de conteúdo, de natureza inventariante e descritivo da produção acadêmica sobre a temática da aprendizagem na EJA. Conta com o aporte teórico de Romanowski e Ens (2006), Meksenas (2002), Severino (2006) entre outros. Como resultado, destaca-se o número reduzido de artigos identificados nesse levantamento, que tem como foco de análise a aprendizagem de jovens e adultos, o que demonstra uma lacuna nesse campo de pesquisa. O tema aprendizagem ainda demonstra certa invisibilidade no contexto de produção teórica sobre desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, já que essas teorias se referem, historicamente, predominantemente, às crianças e aos adolescentes, sendo muito menos explorados esses processos em relação à vida adulta, o  que têm implicações importantes para a EJA, seja em relação às políticas de formação de professores para atuarem nessa modalidade de educação, em relação à inadequação de currículos, de metodologias, de materiais didáticos e das formas de avaliação adotadas.
Alfabetização e letramento na educação de jovens e adultos: mapeamento da produção acadêmica em periódicos no Brasil
Authors: Freitas Marinaide Lima de Queiroz , Martins-Oliveira Nara Elisa Gonçalves , Santos Ana Luísa Tenório dos , Marinho Paulo Teixeira
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo tem por base uma investigação mais ampla, que envolve pesquisadores luso-brasileiros, financiada pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 2017-2020), que tem por objetivo compreender os principais fundamentos, termos/conceitos e autores recorrentes no campo da Educação de Jovens e Adultos no Brasil, levantados nos seguintes âmbitos: da política educacional e do direito à educação, dos elementos teóricos e do contexto da prática pedagógica. Este artigo visa mapear temáticas, categorias, objetos de análise e autores principais que fundamentam os estudos sobre alfabetização e letramento na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), tendo como campo empírico um conjunto de publicações das pesquisas socializadas em periódicos (Qualis A e B – 2001 a 2018). O estudo assume uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa (CRESWELL, 2010) e se assenta em uma pesquisa bibliográfica (LIMA; MIOTO, 2007), recorrendo à análise documental (GIL, 2002). Os resultados apresentaram, entre outros, a existência de uma multiplicidade de objetos de estudo e que, dentro dessa multiplicidade, existe uma predominância sobre as análises das práticas de alfabetização e letramento. Constatou-se também que as produções refletem investigações que têm por base empírica contextos formais de educação-formação e a existência de um entrelaçamento entre alfabetização e letramento, demonstrando a complexidade intrínseca aos sentidos e aos modos como os termos têm vindo a ser ressignificados.
Os livros mais vendidos: literatura juvenil e experiência estética
Authors: Loureiro Robson , Ramalhete Mariana Passos , Sten Samira da Costa
Published: March 2020

Até que ponto a experiência do leitor de livros juvenis subjuga-se ao esteticismo padrão imposto pela lógica do mercado editorial hegemônico que visa não apenas à obtenção de lucro? A hipótese deste artigo considera que o público consumidor tem sua sensibilidade estética reduzida a uma condição heterônoma. A partir de uma hermenêutica teórico-crítica, fundamentada na filosofia de Theodor Adorno, o objeto de análise é a lista (2014 a 2018) das obras “infantojuvenis” mais vendidas no Brasil, problematizada a partir do conceito de fetichismo da mercadoria cultural. Por meio de uma negação determinada da cultura afirmativa que tece loas a livros de consumo rápido, defende-se que no âmbito da dinâmica contraditória da realidade escolar residem as condições possíveis para se abalar o princípio do valor de troca, imperativo categórico que se sobrepõe à formação estética para a autonomia.