bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
مهارات الاداء التمثيلي في عروض مسرح الشارع مسرحية مبيوع إنموذجاً
Authors: علي مجيد جاسم م. د
Published: July 2024

بدأ الانسان منذ النشوء الأول يعبر عن حالته الاجتماعية بالياته الصوتية والجسدية , ويعد هذا التعبير الحالة الاولى التي حملت سمات الاداء ومهارته , هذا ما دفع اغلب المشتغلين في حقل الاداء التمثيلي الى البحث عن طرق ادائية تنسجم مع طروحات العالم الذي اصبح قرية صغيرة, فشكلت مهارة الاداء جانبا من ذلك الجمال , ونظرا لأهمية الموضوع دعت الحاجة الى دراسته والكشف عن اهم المهارات لهذا صاغ الباحث عنوان بحثة (مهارات الاداء التمثيلي في عروض مسرح الشارع) وتأتي أهمية ذلك في أن المهارات الأدائية الجسدية والصوتية للممثل هي من ضرورات التمثيل خاصة في مسرح الشارع، وقد ضم البحث اربعة فصول : الفصل الاول مشكلة البحث والحاجة اليه , والفصل الثاني الاطار النظري الذي تضمن مبحثين :الاول مرجعيات الاداء والمبحث الثاني مهارات اداء , بعدها جاءت مؤشرات الاطار النظري , بعدها جاء الفصل الاجرائي وتحليل عينة البحث , ثم الفصل الرابع الذي ضم النتائج والاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات ثم المصادر.
الفاظ الأحجار الكريمة في المعجمات العربية
Authors: آلاء حميد عليوي الباحثة , فليح خضير شني أ.د
Published: July 2024

تحاول هذه الدراسة بيان الفاظ الأحجار الكريمة المستخدمة عند العرب، فقد جاءت الدراسة بعنوان ( الأحجار الكريمة في المعجمات العربية)، وقد وضحنا أهم الاحجار التي وردت في معجمات ،وكتب أهل اللغة من المتقدمين والمحدثين ، وقد تناولنا  معنى الحجر الكريم والخرز عند العرب، وفصلنا القول في أنواعها وأشكالها ، واستعمالاتها، ، ومواطن تواجد تلك الخرز والخلاف الحاصل بين العلماء فيها ،     ولا يمكن الإغفال عمَّا ورد عند العرب من الأقوال أهل اللغة الثقات، فضلا عن الاستدلال بالأبيات الشعرية، وكذلك الأقوال النثرية، فهي مصدر ثراء اللغة العربية ، ممَّا لا شك فيه ، فقد اسهمت بشكل واضح في الاضفاء على البحث من القوة والرصانة .
The Use of Realistic Elements in Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House
Authors: Salman Hayder Jasim Lect. , Adnan Taher Rahma Lect. , Munadher Jedi Shanshool. Rese.
Published: July 2024

Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) is considered Norway's most distinguished playwrights, besides being the father of modern drama. He started handling realistic themes around the last quarter of the nineteenth century after he had given up writing romantic plays. He turned to the problem play with The Pillars of Society (1877) and kept tackling realistic subject-matters especially in A Doll's House (1879), Ghosts (1881), An Enemy of the People (1882), and The Wild Duck (1884). In these particular plays, he relentlessly attacked the false values of society which made many people suffer. He used the prose dialogue in his realistic plays to replace the unrealistic elements of the previous romantic plays. In the realistic plays, Ibsen also subordinated action to thought since ideas are more important than action in this kind of drama. Thus, the action is more psychological than physical in A Doll's House, which is the central notion in this article.
          At the same time Ibsen's realistic plays came as a surprise to the people who were influenced by the existing conventions. It is no wonder that such plays were not appreciated by the censors and banned in some European countries, especially at the first time of their appearance. Ibsen surprised Europe when he volunteered to speak of subjects no other playwright dared to speak so openly and fearlessly. Thus Ibsen's Ghosts could not be staged in England until 1891, ten years after its introduction in Norway. It was J. T. Grein who helped to stage the English version of Ghosts in The Independent Theatre, a private theatre, in order to escape the censorship imposed on the public theatres. The play was already translated into English by William Archer. The subject-matter of Ghosts revolves on a hereditary issue when a son inherits a venereal disease from his father, and also on a conventional situation when a wife is forced to remain with an immoral husband whom she hates.
التحولات الاجتماعية في العراق وانعكاساتها على ميول طلبة المدارس الثانوية
Authors: علي كاظم حسين علي الباحث
Published: July 2024

يعود الاهتمام بموضوع التحولات الاجتماعية والثقافية الى كونها تؤثر في حياة الافراد بصورة عامة والطلبة وعلاقتهم وسلوكياتهم واتجاهاتهم وميولهم بصورة خاصة وما تتمتع به هذه الفئة من أهمية في المجتمع كونهم يمثلون الثروة البشرية التي ستأخذ على عاتقها بناء وتطور المجتمع مستقبلًا، وان هذه الفئة هي الأكثر تاثرًا وتجاوبًا مع التحولات الاجتماعية والثقافية نظرًا للمرحلة العمرية التي يمرون بها، لذلك انطلقت دراستنا من التساؤل الرئيسي وهو( ما انعكاس التحولات الاجتماعية والثقافية على اتجاهات وميول الطلبة الذين يدرسون في المدارس الثانوية التابعة الى ممثلية وزارة التربية في اربيل؟ )
وتفرّع من هذا التساؤل مجموعة من التساؤلات نذكر منها:

هل كان لهذه التحولات تداعيات على اتجاهات وميول الطلبة نحو التحصيل العلمي؟
هل كان لهذه التحولات دور في ميول الطلبة نحو الاندماج الاجتماعي؟
هل اثرت هذه التحولات في اتجاهات وميول الطلبة نحو الالتزامات الأخلاقية والدينية؟
هل اثرت وسائل الاتصال الحديثة سلبًا او ايجاباُ في اتجاهات وميول الطلبة؟

في حين استهدفت الدراسة:

تحديد اهم التحولات الاجتماعية والثقافية التي حدثت في المجتمع العراقي ومدى انعكاسها على اتجاهات وميول طلبة المدارس الثانوية التابعة الى ممثلية وزارة التربية في اربيل.
تقديم إطار فكري ونظري يخص مفهوم التحولات الاجتماعية والثقافية.
التعرف على مدى تأثير التقنيات الحديثة على مستوى الطلبة العلمي وعلى اتجاهاتهم وميولهم.
النقد التاريخي في كتاب انباء الغمر لابن حجر العسقلاني (ت 852هـ)
Authors: فاضل جابر ضاحي أ. د. , فوزي خيري كاظم د.
Published: July 2024

يتحدث البحث عن المنهج النقدي عند المؤرخ المصري ابن حجر العسقلاني (ت 852هـ)، في كتابه (أنباء الغمر في أنباء العمر) الذي يعدّ من كتب التراجم التاريخية المهمة لرجال القرنين الثامن ومنتصف التاسع الهجري، فضلًا عما يمثله المؤرخ ابن حجر من أهمية كبيرة كونه يعدُّ من المؤرخين الكبار في مدرسة التاريخ المصرية والشامية في القرن التاسع الهجري، ولكون موضوع النقد التاريخي للرواية التاريخية يعدُّ منهجًا مهمًّا في الدراسات الحديثة للمناهج عمومًا والتاريخية خصوصًا، فقد اتخذناه ليكون عنوانًا لبحثنا هذا الذي وسمناه بـ(النقد التاريخي في كتاب أنباء الغمر في أنباء العمر) لتسليط الضوء على منهج ابن حجر النقدي في كتابه هذا لغرض التعرف على إسهامات هذا المؤرخ الكبير في مجال النقد التاريخي.
Motivations of Code Switching among Arab Young People in Formal and Informal Discourse Settings between Arabic and English
Authors: Muhannad Hadi Altalqani Dr. , Mujahed Hossien Tahir Zayed Dr. , Wan Muhammad Wan Sulong .Asst Prof. Dr. , Syed Nurulakla Syed Abdullah Dr. , Mohd Yusof Sanitah .Asst Prof. Dr. , Vahid Nimehchisalem Dr. , Sabariah Md Rashid Dr.
Published: July 2024

Along with the communicative functions of language, there is always a social function to show the role played by language in the society. This function can be seen in the field of sociolinguistics through code-switching. The current study aims to investigate the motivations behind code-switching between Arabic and English by Arab young people in their daily conversations from a sociolinguistic perspective. The researcher employed a qualitative analytical approach to obtain the results. Thus, this research paper focuses on analyzing and discussing semi-structured interviews with Arab young people to gain information on code-switching in their daily conversations. Data was collected through conducting the interviews and transcribing them for analysis. The findings of the study indicate that there are five motivations behind Arabic-English code switching among Arab young people; excluding group members, showing social status, expressing literacy, expressing belonging to a certain group and finally affirming their identity. The current study is meant to contribute to the development of the sociolinguistic field when it comes to the Arabic-English language pair.
العلاقات العامة وتطوير العلاقات مع الجماهير عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي دراسة تحليلية لصفحة السفير الياباني في العراق ( فوتوشي ماتسوموتو ) على موقع انستغرام
Authors: ليث عبد اللطيف عبد الغني م.د.
Published: July 2024

يهدف هذا البحث الى فهم دور العلاقات العامة ممثلة بالسفير الياباني لدى العراق في تطوير العلاقات مع الجماهير من خلال موقع الانستغرام على اساس نظرية ترتيب الاولويات , وتم اختيار الصفحة الخاصة للسفير على موقع الانستغرام لان السفير يتمتع بأعلى مكانة بأعتباره الممثل الدبلوماسي الياباني في العراق ويؤدي دورا مهما في تطوير العلاقات مع الجماهير , وتم تحديد نظرية ترتيب الاولويات في صفحة السفير على موقع انستغرام من خلال منهجية الاستطلاع وادوات تحليل المضمون , وتضمنت الاستمارة عدة فئات منها ( الموضوع , شكل المنشورات , مدة عرض الفيديوهات , اللغة المستخدمة , الجمهور المستهدف ) , وتوصل البحث إلى الاستنتاجات اهمها اهتمام العلاقات العامة ممثلة بسفير اليابان لدى العراق بنشر القضايا الاجتماعية حيث تعتبر القضايا الاجتماعية مهمة جدا لتطوير العلاقات مع الجماهير , لان هذه القضايا تمس الرأي العام بشكل مباشر , فالشعب العراقي بأعتباره يمثل اغلبية الجماهير الموجودة , في محاولة للتعرف على اليابان لتطوير العلاقات معها .
The Role of Storytelling in Debbie Tucker Green's Random
Authors: Alaa Radhi Makki Asst. Lect.
Published: July 2024

Storytelling is a theatrical method employed by playwrights to delve into the profound aspects of a character's psyche. It allows characters to directly communicate with the audience serving multiple functions within the play. Moreover, this task can be executed by a protagonist or multiple characters, and occasionally even by actors who are not directly engaged in the play's action. Playwrights have employed this form in different periods throughout the history of drama. Debbie Tucker Green, A Black British playwright, employs the technique of storytelling in her play random to engage the audience in responding to street violence in London. The present paper aims to focus on this play, particularly on the act of storytelling, as the researcher observes that existing studies often discuss Tucker Green's plays solely within the context of her identity as a Black writer addressing issues within Black communities, neglecting to explore her unique stylistic approach. So, this study aims to fill in this gap. Tucker Green , unlike other Black playwrights, portrays traumatic experiences of loss and violence through her distinctive style of writing. By utilizing storytelling, she effectively depicts the feelings and thoughts of her characters, thus raising awareness among the audience about the vulnerability of Black citizens.
An approach for encrypting images using a four-dimensional logistic map
Authors: Al-khafaji Baydaa-Jaffer
Published: July 2024

Encrypting image transmission has been one of the most complex challenges with communication technology ever. Millions of people utilize and share photographs via the internet for personal and professional purposes. One approach to secure picture transfer over the network is to use encryption techniques to transform the original picture into an unreadable or garbled version. Several novel and encouraging possibilities for creating secure Image data encryption techniques are presented by cryptographic algorithms grounded in chaotic logistic theory. Developing a foolproof method for encrypting both black-and-white and color image is the primary focus of this work. Both grayscale and color images can be encrypted using the keys generated by combining the chaotic logistic with the image's density in the first stage of the proposed system's encryption process. The original image can then be recovered in the second stage, which is the inverse of the encryption process. Two publicly available standard grayscale and color photographs were analyzed to evaluate the suggested approach. Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), unified average changing intensity (UACI), and number of pixels change rate (NPCR) were found to be 6.6268, 51.3011, and 100, respectively, according to the test findings.
Finite Difference with Quintic B-Splines for Solving a system of nonlinear Volterra Integro-Differential Equations of integer order
Authors: Ghanim  , Borhan F. Jumaa
Published: July 2024

This study presents a novel numerical approach for solving systems of nonlinear Volterra Integro-Differential Equations (VIDEs) of integer order by integrating the Finite Difference Method (FDM) with Quintic B-Splines for. The proposed method aims to address the challenges posed by the nonlinearity and integral terms inherent in VIDEs while providing enhanced accuracy and stability in the numerical solution. An error estimate of the approximate solution is proved. Finally, Some example are presented to illustrate the simplicity and the effectiveness of the propose method
Analysis and Solutions for First-Order Multi- Integro- Differential Impulsive Equations
Authors: Shwish Hameed Anfal , Qasim Hassan Sameer
Published: July 2024

In this paper the existence and uniqueness of first order multi-integro –multi impulsive equation has been presented in details and explained their approach depended on some inequalities and estimations and some special functions as estimators also, all these provided for interesting results that will presented in all. The problem formulation was presented as a first time with their suitable extension formulation with some conditions depended on provided first order multi-integro –multi impulsive problem. The nonlinear analytic of impulsive differential ordinary equations and definition of generalized \beta-Ulam- Hyers -Rassias stable are used as a basis to establish technical of proving as well as a fixed-point theorem have been used for existence and stability with some interesting estimators for this type of stability to grantee the trajectory to be stable as well as the impulsive analytic and their extension of the proposal first order multi-integro –multi impulsive problem are presented in this issue and given how all these concepts work together. The perturbed impulsive part is presented in this problem as a first time. Also, some illustrative examples have been presented in details to explain how is the results satisfies and true.
Diversity of Free-Living Protozoa
Authors: Meshjel Maysoon
Published: July 2024

Single-celled creatures are known as protozoa. They range in size and shape from amoebas, which can vary in their shape, to parameciums, which have sophisticated structures and a fixed shape. They inhabit many different types of moist habitats, such as freshwater, saltwater, and soil. In order to make nutrients usable by plants and other soil organisms, protozoa play a crucial role in the mineralization of minerals. Because of their widespread nature, protozoa can withstand a broad variety of physicochemical conditions, such as salinity, pH, temperature, and oxygen concentration. Instead of being dispersed randomly, they reside in tiny areas called microhabitats, which can be as small as a few cubic centimeters, found in moist environments like soil, vegetation, or the bodies of plants and animals. The free-living protozoan’s communities are highly diverse, the protozoan’s communities of the water and soil in Tigris river were predominantly ciliates which comprise the highest number of species and number of individual within the groups of protozoa.
The Core of Inner ideal of Real Four Dimensional Lie Algebra With One Dimensional Derived
Authors: Sadiq Jaafar
Published: July 2024

Suppose that V is any inner ideal of L. The core of V is an inner ideal of L with special requirement. In this paper we prove. If L is a 4-dimension Lie algebra a with 1-dimensional derived , then the core of every inner ideal of L  is zero. Moreover L  containing a sandwich elements if L' not subset of Z   and every element in L is sandwich if L' subset of Z.
 
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Evaluation of Some Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Early Atherosclerosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Wasit Governorate
Authors: Almamori Sajad Abbas Fhadil , Al-Moussawi Nisreen Habib
Published: July 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate some Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in patients with early atherosclerosis in Wasit Governorate.   atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death among the aged. The localized deposition of fat in the arteries, along with the development of smooth muscle cells and a fibrous matrix, is the primary issue with atherosclerosis.
 
The study took place in a hemodialysis unit Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital in Wasit Governorate during the period from November 2023 to April 2024. This study aimed to studying the effect of biochemical and blood indicators of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease for the purpose of predicting early cases of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease and finding solutions to reduce them.
 
Study includes (90) samples: (60) patients suffering from early atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease (dialysis stage) and 30 samples of healthy people (control group), their ages ranged from (40 to 70 years). The samples were divided into two age groups, where the first group had an average age of 40-55 years and the second group was 56-70 years old, the categories were divided equally into males and females Samples were collected based on the incidence of kidney disease first, and then the main risk factors of early atherosclerosis were relied upon, which are (smoking, age, sex, dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, left ventricle valve, physical inactivity).
 
 The results of our study regarding diagnostic markers of atherosclerosis showed a significant increase cholesterol, HDL and LDL at p ≤ 0.5, while a significant decrease in triglycerides at p ≥ 0.5, and Biochemical indicators (albumin and globulin) showed a decrease in significance at p ≥ 0.5, while significance was high for C-reactive protein.
The result of the sedimentation rate test (ESR) and the platelet result showed a significant increase at p ≤ 0.5. While differential white blood cell results did not appear significant in the study at p ≥ 0.5.
 
Conclusions: In patients with early atherosclerosis the level of cholesterol, HDL and LDL and ESR, Platelet showed a significant increase at p ≤ 0.5 for infected people, while a significant decrease in triglycerides at p ≥ 0.5. also, the (albumin and globulin) showed a decrease in significance at p ≥ 0.5, while significance was high for C-reactive protein.  This is an important indication of the importance of these parameters to detecting the disease.
Histomorphological and Histochemical Study of Esophagus and Stomach in Adult Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Alshreefy Manar Neamah AlـShreefy
Published: July 2024

This study was performed to examine and compare the esophagus and stomach histomorphological and histochemical characteristics during adulthood to clarify micromorphological alterations. In addition to the importance of this animal species as a model in many scientific experiments and due to some of its unique anatomical and physiological features. It also supports further studies on vital processes of the digestive system, such as food processing and absorption.  To conduct such a project, ten heathy adult guinea pigs at 2 months age and weighing 461.8±8.3g were gathered from the public spinning market. The animals were euthanized and dissected, then the organs were topographically investigated in situ, and samples were collected from the ten animals and was kept in 10% neutral buffered formalin for routine histological procedures. The esophagus is a musculo – membranous tube structure extended from the pharynx to the stomach, measured about 10.54±0.14 cm in length and 0.35±0.01 g in weight, and segmented according to its position in the body into three sections: the cervical, thoracic, and abdominal. The stomach is a simple unilocular transverse grayish white sac-like structure of the digestive system; it connects the esophagus to the intestine; its mean length was 4.39±0.11 cm; its capacity was 17.01±0.22 ml; and its weight was 7.07±0.05 gm. It lacks an outward demarcation-limiting ridge between its divisions and appears relatively smooth. Histologically, the esophagus is devoid of glands, while the stomach's three interior sections are dotted with glands, and both organs consist of the same four basic histological layers.
Integrative Analysis of Transcriptional Regulation of the ATG4D, an Autophagy-Related Gene, Using JASPAR and STRING databases.
Authors: Abdal Rhida Muna A.
Published: July 2024

Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that is conserved and plays an important role in sustaining cellular stability, adjusting to malnourishment, and responding to cellular stress. ATG4D is a gene that involves the formation of the autophagosome and is considered a key player in autophagy. Inclusive knowledge of how the ATG4D gene is regulated may provide insights into the gene's role in different cellular aspects. In this research, bioinformatics tools were utilized, specifically the JASPAR database, to predict the transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) and transcription factors (TFs) binding to the ATG4D promoter region. Multiple TFs were identified, and among these identified TFs, we focused on eight that were well-known for their established roles in regulating autophagy, responding to cellular stress, and promoting transcriptional regulation of ATG4D. These TFs include FOXO3, TFEB, TP53, SP1, STAT3, NF-κB, E2F1, and CREB1. To discover the functional interactions of these TFs, the STRING database was utilized to conduct protein-protein interaction analysis and functional enrichment. This analysis helped us to better comprehend the complicated regulatory network linked to autophagy and the precise role of ATG4D. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant gene ontology terms and pathways linked with autophagy, cellular stress response, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation. These findings indicate that the regulation of ATG4D gene expression is shaped by a complicated network of transcription factors that play significant roles in autophagy and sustaining cellular balance. Using a combination of bioinformatics tools such as JASPAR and STRING gave a thorough insight into the regulatory atmosphere of ATG4D, providing opportunities for treating diseases associated with autophagy dysregulation.
Rocking the vote : A pilot study exploring celebrity influence in modern politics.
Authors: Senior Carl , Bucy Erik P. , Stewart Patrick A. , Lee Nick
Published: July 2024

Star power can sometimes disrupt traditional democratic leadership by prioritizing fame and dramaturgy over election and accountability. Nevertheless, when electoral and star power align, they can synergistically bolster each other, granting significant political leverage to celebrity aspirants, often surpassing the achievements of conventional politicians. However, it remains uncertain whether celebrity or political experience better predicts national leadership potential. To address this question, 251 UK undergraduate students participated in an online study, rating the leadership potential and personality traits of 40 images of UK/European politicians, US politicians, and celebrities that were shown in rapid presentation or a ‘thin slice’ paradigm. Of the faces shown only six were recognised, including experienced politicians like Barack Obama, Boris Johnson, Joe Biden, Donald Trump, Vladimir Putin and one celebrity, Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson, whose perceived leadership potential equalled that of Biden and Obama. Hierarchical regression analysis identified certain personality traits as common predictors of leadership potential across all six individuals. Notably, Dwayne Johnson exhibited greater positive traits and leadership potential than seasoned politicians, highlighting the study's significance in understanding the interplay between celebrity and effective leadership perception among potential voters.
Social Class and the Transition to Adulthood: Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET) Youth in Indonesia
Authors: Pattinasarany Indera Ratna Irawati
Published: July 2024

This study takes a comprehensive approach to the issue of Not in Education, Employment, or Training (NEET), delving into the often overlooked role of social class disparities. By using a multilevel mixed-effects logistic model and data from the 2022 National Social Economic Survey (SUSENAS), it provides a robust exploration of the complex socioeconomic factors that shape the transition to adulthood among youth. This study contributes to understanding social stratification and its impact on NEET youth. The main finding underscores the protective role of social class against youth being NEET, revealing that adolescents from higher social class households are less likely to disengage from study or work compared to those from lower social classes. The analysis uncovers determinants of NEET youth, including, among others, being female, married, having higher education, and having a female-headed household. Meanwhile, protective factors of NEET youth include, among others, age, disability, residing in a household whose head is working, and residing in urban areas. Comparing estimation results across social classes reveals that individuals from the low social class have a significantly higher propensity to be NEET than those from the high social class.
Integrated, Decentralized Wastewater Management Use to Improve the Environmental Health of Khartoum Locality Sudan
Authors: Ibrahim Faisal Merghani , Hassan Bashir Mohammed El , Elmanssury Ahmed Elnadif , Siyam Ahmed Musa , Dafaallah Safa Abdaalla , Mughal Yasir Hayat , Jaber Mahmoud
Published: July 2024

The management of water resources and the related disposal of wastewater are essential for human existence and the advancement of contemporary society. Collecting and managing wastewater has a significant effect on local and global economies as well as the environment. Innovation in the field of the environment is of utmost importance in reducing the environmental impacts on systems and in making them more sustainable economically, environmentally and socially. Decentralization is considered an appropriate solution to sustainability problems in liquid waste management programs because it focuses on treating liquid waste on-site, recycling it locally, and taking advantage of the local resources available in domestic wastewater. This research analyzes the needs, appropriate technical methods, and support for water management through decentralized systems. Three considerations will be used to support the choice of a decentralized wastewater treatment system in the Khartoum Locality: $106,000,000. According to the BioWin results, the effectiveness of each alternative household wastewater treatment was comparable. Software such as MapInfo, GPS Area Calculator, BioWin, and GIS was used to reach the targets. Additionally, the results revealed that the decentralized wastewater treatment method, considering its costs, land requirements, and slope effects on the environment, is preferable to centralized wastewater treatment systems. These results serve as a guide for choosing the best wastewater treatment option to increase access to safe sanitation and to integrate decentralized wastewater management to upgrade and improve the environment in the Khartoum Locality.
Machine Learning-based Hydrological Models for Flash Floods: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Santos Leonardo , Satolo Luiz , Oyarzabal Ricardo , Escobar-Silva Elton , Diniz Michael , Negri Rogério , Lima Glauston , Stephany Stephan , Soares Jaqueline , Duque Johan , Saraiva-Filho Fernando , Bacelar Luiz
Published: July 2024

Background: Flash flood modeling faces many challenges since physically-based hydrological models are unsuitable for a small spatiotemporal scale. With the increased availability of hydrological observed data, an alternative approach is to use Machine Learning (ML) techniques. This work conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to enhance our comprehension of the research landscape on ML applications for modeling flash floods. Methods: Starting with more than 1,217 papers published until January 2024 and indexed in Web of Science, SCOPUS/Elsevier, Springer/Nature, or Wiley databases, we selected 53 for detailed analysis, following the PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion/exclusion criteria removed reviews, retractions, and papers that were not in the scope of this SLR and included only papers with time resolution coarser than 12 hours. Data about forecasting horizon, area, method and input were extracted from each study to identify which ML techniques and model designs have been applied to flash flood forecasting. Results and Discussion: There has been a notable increase in publications investigating ML techniques for flash flood modeling over the last few years. Most studies focus on regions in China (36%) and the United States (11%). Of the total of selected papers, more than 90% used as input data just one or an exclusive combination of the following measurements: discharge, rainfall, and water level. From this set, the combination of discharge and rainfall appears in almost half of the papers. Notably, almost 60% of the studies utilize the long short-term memory (LSTM) method. No one method always performs better than any other in the selected papers. Unfortunately, less than 10% of selected articles provide access to their data. To further explore the potential of ML approaches in flood forecasting, we recommend their integration into early warning systems, development and dissemination of benchmarks, publication of successful case studies, and multidisciplinary collaboration.
Redactable Blockchain Solutions for IoT: A Review of Mechanisms and Applications
Authors: Solanki Arpish
Published: July 2024

The integration of blockchain technology with the Internet of Things (IoT) presents a promising solution to enhance data security, integrity, and trust within IoT ecosystems. However, the immutable nature of blockchain technology conflicts with data redaction requirements mandated by data protection laws. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of redactable blockchains and redaction mechanisms, particularly focusing on their application within IoT contexts. Through an extensive review of existing literature, this paper identifies key challenges and opportunities in implementing redactable blockchains for IoT data management. Various redaction mechanisms are explored, and the paper examines IoT implementations and use cases where redactable blockchains are employed to address data protection concerns.
A deep artificial neural network assisted genetic algorithm method to optimize a slotted hydrofoil
Authors: Hajihassanpour Mahya
Published: July 2024

Slotting a hydrofoil is an effective way to passively control the cavitating flow to reduce the cavity pocket size leading to a reduction in vibration, noise, and erosion. However, this comes with losses in the hydrodynamic performance of the hydrofoil including its lift coefficient. To avoid this as much as possible, optimizing the slotted hydrofoil in terms of the location and the angle is of prime importance. The optimization is achieved by designing a deep Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to act as a surrogate model in the process of the genetic algorithm. The training dataset in deep ANN is gathered through simulations that are based on a newly developed Frink finite volume solver for the preconditioned Euler equations. Results obtained indicate that this optimization approach is effective such that the cavity pocket size can be shrieked by about 60 % with a penalty of about 10 % reduction in the hydrofoil’s lift coefficient.
The story of ‘us’ is the story of ‘me’: A cross-sectional test of the influence of insecure attachment on narratives of romantic transgressions and high points
Authors: Lamarche Veronica , Blackie Laura , McLean Kate C.
Published: July 2024

Narratives play an important role in the development of the self-identity. Romantic relationships offer a powerful context in which to develop these narratives about the self through the good and the bad experiences people have with their partners. However, the stories we tell can also be colored by how we already see ourselves. In a secondary analysis, using a prospective longitudinal study of people in established romantic relationships (N=402), we tested pre-registered hypotheses regarding how attachment anxiety and avoidance lead people to develop narratives about their relationship high-points and transgressions, and whether these narratives influence their relationship satisfaction over time. Relatively higher avoidance, but not anxiety, was related to narrative construction. Those relatively higher in avoidance made more negative event connections about themselves in their transgression narratives, and more positive event connections about themselves in their relationship high-point narratives. Narrative content, however, did not mediate the association between attachment anxiety and avoidance and relationship satisfaction. Despite the lack of support for some of our pre-registered hypotheses, these findings provide valuable insights into how insecure attachment influences the stories people tell about their relationships, and how they link these events back to the self.
A study on clinicoradiological profile of patients with hydropneumothorax in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Falguni Mandi  , Pranab Mandal  , Agnishwar Mukherjee  , Aparup Dhua  , Pinaki Maiti
Published: July 2024

Background: Hydropneumothorax is an abnormal presence of air and fluid in the pleural space. It is a common presentation in the Indian scenario. However, there is a scarcity of studies from Eastern India.
Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological presentation, etiological factors, treatment modalities, and outcome of patients of hydropneumothorax.
Materials and Methods: Descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital for 1 year. Adult patients of both genders presenting with a diagnosis of hydropneumothorax were studied. Detailed history and clinical examination were recorded. Chest X-ray, blood, pleural fluid, sputum investigations, and computed tomography (CT) thorax were done. An intercostal drainage (ICD) tube was inserted and the duration of ICD stay was noted.
Results: Thirty-six patients were studied. The mean age of presentation is 40.8±14.8 (Mean±SD) years with male predominance. Breathlessness and cough were the most common symptoms (86.1%). Right-sided hydropneumothorax was more common (52.7%). All patients had exudative pleural fluid. Cavity (38.9%) was the most commonly associated radiological finding in CT thorax. Tuberculosis (TB) was the most common etiology (61.1%), followed by acute bacterial infection (36.1%), and malignancy (2.7%). All patients have undergone ICD insertion. About 61.11% of patients had an ICD stay of less or equal to 15 days.
Conclusion: Pleural fluid analysis is essential in establishing the etiological diagnosis of hydropneumothorax. TB is the common etiology. ICD insertion along with appropriate chemotherapy are essential components of management.
Sigma metrics – a good quality control guide to assess analytical performance of a clinical chemistry laboratory
Authors: Lincy Raj C  , Poornima RT  , Malawadi BN
Published: July 2024

Background: Clinical laboratories function to deliver accurate, reliable, and timely reported results which are used in decision-making, diagnosis, and monitoring. Sigma metrics help to assess analytic methodologies and provide benchmarks for laboratories to design protocols for internal quality control (IQC), address poor assay performance, and assess the efficiency of existing laboratory processes. Thus, this study was undertaken to estimate the coefficient of variation (CV%), bias%, and total allowable error (TEa) of quality control (QC) samples using EM 200, to compare the TEa using Clinical Laboratories Improvement Act (CLIA) guidelines, and to analyze the sigma metrics of level 1 QC samples.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to estimate the CV%, Bias%, TEa of QC samples using EM 200, to compare the TEa using CLIA guidelines, and to analyze the sigma metrics of level 1 QC samples.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Central Biochemistry Lab, Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences, Karwar. IQC data level 1 of 15 analytes was analyzed using EM200 for 3 months. CV% is calculated from internal quality data, whereas bias% is obtained from an external quality assurance program. Sigma metrics were calculated using bias% and CV%. TEa was calculated and compared with CLIA guidelines.
Results: We have < 3 sigma values (unstable, unacceptable) for urea, creatinine, BID, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), protein, cholesterol, calcium, 3–6 (ideal) for glucose, uric acid, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, high-density lipoprotein, and >6 (excellent) for triglycerides. TEa observed less than or close to CLIA suggests quality requirement met, and TEa observed more than CLIA (urea, creatinine, BID, SGPT, protein, and calcium) suggests methodologies need evaluation.
Conclusion: Sigma metrics help to assess analytical methodologies and augment laboratory performance. Each and every laboratory can use sigma metrics as a guideline for QC strategy and a self-assessment tool for proper functioning.
Efficacy and safety of low-dose celecoxib with chemoradiation in locally advanced head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Rethinesh Kumar T  , Jabapriya B  , Angappan P
Published: July 2024

Background: Head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a major cancer in India with a poor prognosis. Novel antineoplastic agents, such as selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib, have shown antitumor, anti-angiogenesis, and radiosensitizing effects, improving radiotherapy response in many cancers.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of low-dose celecoxib combined with concurrent chemoradiation in Locally Advanced HNSCC.
Materials and Methods: A double-arm prospective randomized control study was conducted, in which 103 eligible locally advanced HNSCC patients were randomized to concurrent chemoradiotherapy 66 Gy/2 Gy/33 fractions/61/2 weeks along with Inj Cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly either with celecoxib 100 mg twice daily (Study Arm – 62) or placebo (Control Arm – 41). Tumor response was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors criteria 1.1 and acute toxicities based on the radiation therapy oncology group and common terminology criteria for adverse events criteria 5.0.
Results: On analysis using the Chi-square test, the complete response rate was 65.6% in the study arm compared to 44.7% in the control arm, with P=0.0441 (significant at P<0.05). The incidence of acute dermatitis and mucositis (grade ≥3) in the study and control arms was 29.3% versus 23.6%, with P=0.544 and 40% versus 37% with a P=0.782 (insignificant at P<0.05), respectively. The patients in both arms were followed up to assess late toxicities, locoregional control rate, disease-free survival, and overall survival.
Conclusion: Adding low-dose daily celecoxib to concurrent chemoradiation with weekly cisplatin in locally advanced HNSCC significantly improved the clinical response rates with acceptable treatment-related toxicities.
Role of low-dose deflazacort with tamsulosin versus tamsulosin alone for medical expulsive therapy of ureteric stone
Authors: Arka Banerjee  , Pranab Kumar Ghosh  , Hindol Mondal
Published: July 2024

Background: Urolithiasis is a common condition in daily urological practice. Medical Expulsive Therapy (MET) is non-invasive approach for removal of ureteric stone. In MET, alpha-blocker Tamsulosin is commonly used in treating urolithiasis but it does not address the pathology of inflammation presents in such condition. With addition of low dose Deflazacort as anti-inflammatory agent, there may have a potential to improve the pathology and outcome of the treatment.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to find the efficacy of low-dose deflazacort combined with tamsulosin in the MET for distal ureterolithiasis.
Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted from December 2022 to December 2023 in Rampurhat Government Medical College and Hospital. A total of 130 patients with ureteric stone ≤10 mm were randomized into two groups. Tamsulosin group received tamsulosin (0.4 mg once daily for 28 days). Deflazacort group received tamsulosin (0.4 mg once daily for 28 days) with deflazacort (12 mg once daily for 10 days). All subjects were reviewed on 14 days and 28 days. Stone expulsion rate, time to stone expulsion, analgesic use, number of colic episodes, and hospitalization were recorded. Adverse effects of drugs were noted.
Results: Among 130 patients randomized, 4 patients were lost to follow-up and 8 patients required early intervention. Deflazacort group had similar rate of stone expulsion (88% vs. 80%, P=0.548). There were significantly shorter expulsion time (10.15 days vs. 14.28 days, P<0.001) and less number of colic episodes (33 episodes vs. 21 episodes, P=0.026) and less analgesic requirements (65% vs. 82.5%, P=0.022) in deflazacort group. No significant side effects were noted during the study.
Conclusion: Low-dose deflazacort added to tamsulosin provides a significant advantage in ureteric stone expulsion without any extra side effects. With a comparable rate of stone passage, there are more rapid stone expulsion, low analgesic requirement, and less colic episodes when low-dose deflazacort is added to tamsulosin for ureteric stone ≤10 mm.
The first case report on maturity-onset diabetes of young-11 from West Bengal, India
Authors: Manojit Sarkar
Published: July 2024

Maturity-onset diabetes of young (MODY) is a clinically group of heterogeneous disorder characterized by non-insulin-dependent diabetes diagnosed at a young age (<25 years) with autosomal dominant transmission and lack of autoantibodies. This case report is on MODY in a 30-day-old baby. The patient also has an umbilical hernia and choledochal cyst. We present an instance of 30-day-old child with MODY with a family background of diabetes. While more data are needed to justify universal screening for diabetes with tests. Practitioners should be vigilant with family history of screening of diabetes. In families two or more generations of diabetes, there should be a low threshold for asymptomatic screening with a serum Hb1Ac.
A study to observe the association of left ventricular ejection fraction and wall motion score index with duration of early systolic lengthening in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Dayanand Paswan  , Lipika Adhikari  , Sandip Sarkar
Published: July 2024

Background: Management of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction acute coronary syndrome (NSTEMI ACS) patients is not well defined as that of ST elevation myocardial infarction. The accuracy of results of conventional echocardiography is significantly compromised when imaging is suboptimal, myocardial damage is in small areas, and compensatory hyperkinesias of healthy segment.
Aims and Objectives: Duration of early systolic lengthening (DESL) may be employed to identify early myocardial ischemia and thus, may help to prepare treatment strategies for NSTEMI patients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 57 patients with NSTEMI ACS attending the cardiology department were included in the study group.
Results: More than 80% of patients of NSTEMI have normal or near normal ejection fraction and wall motion score index. In our study, the DESL is prolonged in a significant number of non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients.
Conclusion: As DESL is afterload independent, it is superior to global longitudinal strain in assessing myocardial damage. Several studies including ourselves show that DESL of <50 ms may be the cutoff value to reveal minimal myocardial damage.
Politics of Marginalization: How Caste Affects Political Career of Dalits in Nepal
Authors: Nepali Ghamber
Published: July 2024

Dalit leadership thrives only on the inclusive policies and practices of political parties in a diversified society. This study explores how the caste system affects the political career of Dalits in Nepal by means of the author’s autoethnography and in-depth interviews taken with Dalit political leaders and activists. The study reveals that the caste system plays a key role in accessing and controlling the power politics of Dalit leaders and activists. The influence of caste prevails among political parties, from grassroots to top leadership. The high-caste domination is not only prevalent in the institutional structures of conventional parties but also in the communist parties. Besides, the Dalit politicians have frequently faced untouchability from non-Dalits while conducting party activities in their parties, and private and public spaces. To overcome the caste hegemony, this paper suggests the deconstruction of the caste system that will lead to the liberation of Dalits.
Belonging in Motion: Contested Social Boundaries in South Asia by Joanna Pfaff-Czarnecka
Authors: Pokharel Binod
Published: July 2024

This book is an accumulation of comprehensive work Joanna has done around the area of belonging.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) regarding hearing health and noise-induced hearing loss among folk/light music professionals from Chennai
Authors: Leelavathi T  , Roopa Nagarajan
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Musicians are exposed to music at high intensities and are at risk for developing noise- induced hearing loss (NIHL). Since hearing is so important to their career, they deserve special consideration. To avoid the deleterious effects of loud music, the professionals should be sensitized to the noise exposure and the use of strategies to prevent NIHL. The aim of the study is to determine the knowledge and attitude towards noise induced hearing disorders, and hearing conservative practices among professional musicians.
Method: A KAP questionnaire was administered online to 136 professional musicians belonging to folk/ light music genre in Chennai. The participants were 115 males and 21 females, ranging in age from 18 to 75 years with the mean age of 29 (SD= 11).
Results: The findings revealed that musicians were aware of the nature and cause of NIHL, but knowledge of NIHL prevention and treatment was limited to few. They had common misconceptions about the sources of harmful loud sounds, the effects of hearing loss, and hearing conservation strategies. Only a few participants reported to have used Ear Protective Devices (EPDs). 
Conclusion: Although musicians are aware of the risks of exposure to loud noise, they seldom use hearing protection. It is therefore vital to provide crucial information regarding NIHL and its prevention and promote musicians for better hearing preservation practices.
Musculoskeletal symptom survey and ergonomic assessments associated with maintenance tasks in the Indonesian railway industry
Authors: Abdussalam Najmuddin Muntashir , Ardiyanto Ardiyanto
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Suboptimal work design of maintenance tasks in railway industries often leads to adverse health effects for workers. This study aimed to determine the ergonomic risk levels and assess the extent of musculoskeletal symptoms associated with train maintenance tasks in the Indonesian railway industry.
Methods: The study involved 34 workers responsible for the daily handling of locomotive components within a railway maintenance workshop in Indonesia. A musculoskeletal symptom survey was conducted using the Indonesian version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to determine the prevalence and severity of such adverse health effects. Ergonomics assessments were conducted using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) to evaluate the risk level and contributing risk factors associated with the investigated maintained tasks.
Results: Participants predominantly experienced musculoskeletal symptoms in the lower back (100%), followed by shoulders (91%), and knees (88%), while the highest severity was also observed in these regions. The ergonomics assessments revealed that over 50% of the maintenance tasks were categorized as either high or very high risk, with higher REBA section scores noted in the neck, leg, and trunk compared to those of the lower arm, wrist, and upper arm.
Conclusion: Workers performing train maintenance tasks experience a high prevalence and moderate severity of musculoskeletal symptoms. Additionally, most maintenance tasks performed were considered risky. Prompt interventions are necessary to address these findings.