bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Surface Water Quality for Irrigation Purposes in Some Dams of Asir Region, Saudi Arabia Using Multi-Statistical Modeling Approaches
Authors: Alsubih Majed , Mallick Javed , Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul , Almesfer Mohammed K. , Kahla Nabil Ben , Talukdar Swapan , Ahmed Mohd.
Published: May 2022

The dam is a crucial water source for both consumption and irrigation in the Asir region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The current study evaluates surface water quality at the dam and examines the effects of some physicochemical and trace metals on irrigation using multiple statistical approaches. The physicochemical parameters and trace metals of the dam water were measured at 27 sites in the Asir region. Three sites were generated using the K-mean clustering technique; the first group included five sites, the second group contained 20 sites, and the third group added 2 sites. The chemical facies of the surface water were Na-K-SO42−. The surface water had low levels of Zn (0.19 mg/L), Cd (0.10 mg/L) and Pb (0.22 mg/L) except for B (38.50 mg/L), excessive concentrations of Na (2090.65 mg/L), K (535.72 mg/L), SO42− (208.11 mg/L) and Cl− (105.96 mg/L), while pH varied between 6.0 and 8.5 except at a few sites. The EC (electrical conductivity) values were within the standard for irrigation purposes. The results of irrigation water indices such as magnesium absorption ratio (MAR), magnesium hazard (MH), Kelly’s ratio (KR), and soluble sodium percentage (SSP) indicate that dam water is mostly fit for irrigation except for sodium percentage (Na%) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). The irrigation water quality index (IWQI) values revealed that 51.85% of samples had a high suitability class and 11.11% of samples had moderate suitability, whereas the rest were low suitability for irrigation use. The redundancy analysis (RDA) biplot revealed that water pH, DO, TH, and SO42− were increased with decreased EC and salt level. The generalized linear model (GLM) model found that salt had a negative effect on the amount of Fe, Ni, Se, and Al concentrations. The study recommends that proper protective measures, including acceptable criteria for different water parameters, are required to reduce the potential influence of physicochemical parameters and metals on irrigation water in agricultural fields.
The Significance of Small Reservoirs in Sustaining Agricultural Landscapes in Dry Areas of West Africa: A Review
Authors: Owusu Seth , Cofie Olufunke , Mul Marloes , Barron Jennie
Published: May 2022

Water scarcity is a growing challenge in semi-arid and sub-humid areas. There are over 2000 small reservoirs (SRs) with storage capacities of up to 1 × 106 m3 across West Africa’s dry areas. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we found strong evidence that SRs enable improved food security, livelihoods, and income diversification through fishing and livestock production. However, their productivity is far below their potential. Evidence on water quantity and quality is scattered, making deriving conclusions difficult. Review findings suggest that, unlike large dams, SRs have minimal impact on water balance and rainfall-runoff. There is, therefore, considerable potential to develop more SRs. However, high rates of sedimentation substantially reduce reservoir storage capacity. Poor irrigation management and agronomic practices also contribute to low productivity. Water quality is not systematically monitored, so SRs can increase health risks such as malaria and schistosomiasis. With the intensification of settlements, livestock, and agriculture around the reservoirs, it is critical to improve water quality and quantity monitoring. We conclude that SRs are important nature-based solutions, but need more investment to support the climate-proofing of agriculture and livelihoods. We recommend governments develop long-term small reservoir support programs to strengthen local capacities to manage the reservoirs and their watersheds sustainably.
Operation Performance and Seepage Flow of Impervious Body in Blast-Fill Dams Using Discrete Element Method and Measured Data
Authors: Ma Chunhui , Gao Zhiyue , Yang Jie , Cheng Lin , Chen Lei
Published: May 2022

As a high-efficiency and low-investment method of dam construction, blast-fill dams have been widely used in water conservancy, mining engineering, soil and water conservation, disaster prevention and other projects. Through collecting data on the main projects of the blast-fill dams, the characteristics and development trends of blast-fill dams are analyzed in detail. Meanwhile, the design requirements of impervious bodies in the initial and reinforcement stages are systematically reviewed. Subsequently, with measured data of a typical blast-fill dam, the structural characteristics of blast-fill dams after blasting and the validity of the phreatic line height after reinforcement are analyzed using the discrete element method. We conclude that an appropriate construction schedule and flexible impervious material are critical features of the impervious body for a dam with large deformation. When the dam deformation is stable, a secondary treatment should be considered for the impervious body to improve the dam safety. The design ideas for the impervious body of blast-fill dams are also applicable to other dam types with large deformation for risk reduction, such as high rockfill dams, soft-rock dams and tailings dams, and have a certain significance for reference in the treatment of landslides and confined lakes.
Variation in Dissolved Organic Matter Using Absorbance and Fluorescence Measurements during Dry Season in Sta. Rosa and Cabuyao Rivers, Philippines
Authors: Cadondon Jumar G. , Vallar Edgar A. , Beltran Arnel B. , Orbecido Aileen H. , Galvez Maria Cecilia D.
Published: May 2022

Santa Rosa watershed, where the Santa Rosa River and Cabuyao River are located, is growing with increasing urbanization and commercialization in their surroundings. Water quality monitoring is an important tool in understanding the possible impacts of domestic, industrial, and commercial discharges, and agricultural run-off on river systems and their tributaries. With the integration of absorbance and fluorescence measurements, we can further examine the effects of land use and climate change on dissolved organic matter (DOM) sources found in river systems. In this study, these two rivers exhibit poor quality with varying values in each sampling station and period. DOM sources change from terrestrial to endogenous sources within the sampling period. High aromaticity and molecular size were observed in all downstream sampling stations. This is supported by the high values of humic-like substances. Fluorescence index values showed temporal changes from terrestrial to endogenous DOM sources from November 2019 to February 2020. This is also confirmed by the increasing trend in the biological index. The variation in all sampling stations can be attributed to varying land use, hydrological, and climatological changes such as typhoon Tisoy, and Taal Volcano eruption observed during the sampling period.
Ecological and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils from Recycled Lead Smelting Sites
Authors: Yu Furong , Zhang Jianuo , Li Zhiping , Liu Songtao
Published: May 2022

In this study, 258 soil samples were collected to determine the total content and each speciation fraction of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in the soil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and their potential ecological and human health risks were assessed using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), risk assessment code (RAC), and health risk assessment. The results showed that: (1) The mean concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) (mg/kg) in the surface soil of the site were in the order of Pb (1921.77) > Mn (598.21) > Zn (162.29) > Cr (84.65) > Cu (15.16) > Cd (1.8), with the mean values of Cd and Pb exceeding the local background values by 164 and 725 times. (2) In the vertical direction, Cr, Mn, and Pb have no tendency to migrate downward; Cd and Zn demonstrate a strong ability to migrate. (3) The bioavailability of Cd is the highest in the surface soil, followed by Mn and Pb; in the soil below a depth of 0.5 m, the prevalent form of HMs is its residual state (F4). (4) The degree of Igeo pollution of each HMs is: Pb > Cd > Zn > Cr = Mn = Cu, where Pb pollutes the environment to an extremely contaminated level and Cd causes heavy pollution thereof. According to the RAC results, Cd in the surface soil poses a high risk to the environment, and Pb and Mn pose a moderate risk; meanwhile, with the increase of depth, the risk posed by Cd and Mn to the ecosystem shows a tendency to increase. Health risk evaluation indicated that respiratory intake was the main pathway affecting the carcinogenic risk (CR) and hazard quotient (HQ) of HMs, where Pb and Cr were the main hazard factors for non-CR and Cr was the main carcinogenic factor. This study can provide scientific guidance and technical support for soil risk control or remediation of HM-contaminated sites.
Is Aquaponics Beneficial in Terms of Fish and Plant Growth and Water Quality in Comparison to Separate Recirculating Aquaculture and Hydroponic Systems?
Authors: Atique Faiqa , Lindholm-Lehto Petra , Pirhonen Juhani
Published: May 2022

Aquaponics is a technique where a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and hydroponics are integrated to grow plants and fish in a closed system. We investigated if the growth of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea) would be affected in a coupled aquaponic system compared to the growth of the fish in RAS or plants in a hydroponic system, all systems as three replicates. We also investigated the possible effects of plants on the onset of nitrification in biofilters and on the concentration of off-flavor-causing agents geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) in rainbow trout flesh and spinach. For the fish grown in aquaponics, the weight gain and specific growth rates were higher, and the feed conversion ratio was lower than those grown in RAS. In spinach, there were no significant differences in growth between aquaponic and hydroponic treatments. The concentration of GSM was significantly higher in the roots and MIB in the shoots of spinach grown in aquaponics than in hydroponics. In fish, the concentrations of MIB did not differ, but the concentrations of GSM were lower in aquaponics than in RAS. The onset of nitrification was faster in the aquaponic system than in RAS. In conclusion, spinach grew equally well in aquaponics and hydroponic systems. However, the aquaponic system was better than RAS in terms of onset of nitrification, fish growth, and lower concentrations of GSM in fish flesh.
Hydrogeochemistry and Isotope Hydrology of Surface Water and Groundwater in the Mountain Watersheds of Daqing River, North China
Authors: Zhao Yuhan , Yang Hui , Cao Jiansheng
Published: May 2022

Surface water and groundwater interaction variations in time and space are crucial for effective water management, especially in low-precipitation regions. To comprehensively determine the hydrochemical characteristics and interaction processes of surface water and groundwater and to investigate the decreasing causes of water resources in semi-arid mountainous watersheds under changing environments, intensive field surveys were conducted in the Daqing River watershed, a tributary of the Haihe River basin in northern China, during two different times of the year: after the rainy season (September 2018) and before the rainy season (July 2019). Sixty surface water and groundwater samples were collected along the mountainous watershed. Using a combination method of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope tracing and hydrochemical analysis, the hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater in the mountainous watershed of the Daqing River were analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of elevation (altitude) on isotopes was discussed, and the correlation between hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition and hydrochemical characteristics was obtained. The results were processed using endmember mixing analysis to determine the amount of contribution of the surface water and groundwater interaction processes. The results show that the hydrochemical characteristics are relatively stable in the mountainous watersheds of the Daqing River, and the surface water and groundwater are mainly of the HCO3-Ca type. The slope of the local meteoric water line is smaller than the slope of the global meteoric water line, and the δD and δ18O in surface water and groundwater show a good linear relationship both before and after the rainy season. There is a decreasing trend of the value of δ18O in surface water samples with decreasing altitude, but a decreasing trend of the value of δ18O in groundwater samples is not obvious. The evaporation intensity of surface water is stronger after the rainy season than before the rainy season, and the connection between the surface water and the groundwater is stronger before the rainy season. Influenced by topographic conditions and other factors, the exchange of surface water and groundwater is frequent, and there is a large difference in the exchange ratio before and after the rainy season. The exchange ratio can be more than 50% after the rainy season. Thus, the reasons for decreasing water resources in the mountains can be implied to be due to the increasing hydraulic gradient between the mountains and the piedmont plains, and the water resources are discharged more in the form of groundwater to the downstream. The conclusions help to enhance the understanding of the water cycle in the mountainous watershed and can provide some theoretical basis for the sustainable development and utilization of water resources in the Haihe River basin and the regional water ecology of the Xiong’an New Area.
Simultaneous Nitrification and Denitrification under Aerobic Atmosphere by Newly Isolated Pseudomona aeruginosa LS82
Authors: Luo Jun , Jia Yating , Chen Yuancai , Chen Chen , Lobo Fernada Leite , Mesquita Janine Brandao de Farias , Yadav Asheesh Kumar , Huang Shan
Published: May 2022

Discharge of wastewater contained high amount of nitrogen would cause eutrophication to water bodies. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) has been confirmed as an effective process, the isolation of SND bacteria is crucial for its successful operation. In this study, an SND strain was isolated and identified as Pseudomona aeruginosa LS82, which exhibited a rapid growth rate (0.385 h−1) and good nitrogen removal performance (4.96 mg N·L−1·h−1). Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the TN removal conditions, at which nearly complete nitrogen (99.8 ± 0.9%) removal were obtained within 18 h at the condition: pH 8.47, 100 rpm and the C/N ratio of 19.7. The saddle-shaped contours confirmed that the interaction of pH and inoculum size would influence the removal of total nitrogen significantly. Kinetic analyses indicated that the reduction of nitrite was the rate-limiting step in the SND process. Our research suggested strain LS82 can serve as a promising candidate for the treatment of ammonium rich wastewater, and expended our understanding the nitrogen removal mechanism in the SND process.
Microplastic Variations in Land-Based Sources of Coastal Water Affected by Tropical Typhoon Events in Zhanjiang Bay, China
Authors: Jian Qiying , Wang Shujia , Zhang Peng , Zhang Jibiao , Zhao Lirong , Liu Dan
Published: May 2022

Increasingly serious microplastic pollution in coastal areas and the ecological threats associated with plastics have attracted global attention. The frequency and intensity of typhoons have increased owing to global warming, strongly influencing the distribution and composition of microplastics in coastal ecosystems. In this study, the abundance, composition, diversity, and flux of microplastics in three estuaries and one sewage outlet in Zhanjiang Bay (ZJB) were analyzed. The average abundance of microplastics from land-based sources increased 3.6-fold from 14.19 ± 3.60 items/L before Typhoon Kompasu to 51.19 ± 28.53 items/L after the typhoon (p < 0.05). In addition, the proportion of fiber and large microplastics increased after the typhoon. In all samples, microplastics 100–330 μm in size were predominant, and blue was the most abundant color. The diversity in the color and size of microplastics increased after Typhoon Kompasu. The total daily flux of microplastics at the four stations entering ZJB was 3.95 × 1011 items before the typhoon and 9.93 × 1011 items after the typhoon, showing a 2.5-fold increase. This study demonstrated the influence of Typhoon Kompasu on microplastics from land-based sources of ZJB coastal waters and provided vital data for further study on MP pollution in coastal water ecosystems and the impact of typhoons on microplastics.
Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Bottled Waters Sourced from Bedrock Aquifers in South Korea: Evaluation of Water Type and Natural Background Levels
Authors: Lee Kyung-Jin , Yu Soonyoung , Kim Kyoung-Ho , Kang Kyoung-Gu , Moon Su-Hyung , Kim Moon-Su , Yun Seong-Taek
Published: May 2022

The hydrogeochemical properties of bottled waters (n = 37) were examined to evaluate the factors governing their quality and to suggest the natural background levels (NBLs) of groundwater. The bottled waters were sourced from bedrock aquifers of various geological types and analyzed for 14 physicochemical parameters and 48 trace elements. The bottled waters mainly consisted of the Ca-HCO3 type with low TDS (mean = 158.4 mg/L; n = 33) regardless of geological type, indicating low degrees of water–rock interaction. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that these waters were characterized by the dissolution of calcite and Ca-plagioclase (PC1) and the weathering of Na-plagioclase and cation exchange (PC2). The PCA results with low concentrations of TDS and F (mean = 0.4 mg/L) revealed that the waters represent slightly mineralized groundwater, probably because the boreholes were installed in fractured aquifers, avoiding high F concentrations (>1.5 mg/L). The 90th percentiles for the Ca-HCO3 type bottled waters were proposed as the NBLs for Korean groundwater for 11 major elements and 20 trace elements. The NBLs of NO3 (7.9 mg/L) and F (0.9 mg/L) were similar to the 90th percentiles of EU bottled waters (n = 1785), implying the suggested NBLs are acceptable for groundwater quality management.
Modeling the Dynamics of Carbon Dioxide Emission and Ecosystem Exchange Using a Modified SWAT Hydrologic Model in Cold Wetlands
Authors: Melaku Nigus Demelash , Wang Junye , Meshesha Tesfa Worku
Published: May 2022

The restoration and protection of wetlands are crucial in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this research, the SWAT model was modified to investigate and estimate the groundwater table, net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and soil respiration impact on carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in the cold regions in Alberta. There is a lack of a process-based model that accounts explicitly for the CO2 emission and ecosystem exchange resulting from interactions between hydrological and biogeochemical processes. The SWAT model is modified to make unique contributions to wetlands by estimating CO2 emissions, soil temperature, and soil respiration that account for the dynamics of water tables and the relationship between subsurface and surface water storage. The modified model results predicted daily NEE with a very good model fit resulting in an R2 (Coefficient of determination), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency), PBIAS (percent bias), and RMSE (root mean square error) of 0.88, 0.72, 2.5, and 0.45 in the calibration period and 0.82, 0.67, −1.8, and 0.56 for the validation period, respectively. The prediction result indicated that the modified model performed well in predicting soil temperature, the groundwater table, and ecosystem respiration in the calibration and validation periods. In general, this study concluded that the modified model has the capability of representing the effects of water table dynamics on CO2 emissions and NEE in cold wetlands.
Integrating Water Quality Restoration Cost with Ecosystem Service Flow to Quantify an Ecological Compensation Standard: A Case Study of the Taoxi Creek Watershed
Authors: Tu Zhenshun , Chen Zilong , Ye Haodong , Chen Shengyue , Huang Jinliang
Published: May 2022

Watershed ecological compensation is an important economic tool for solving the protection–development conflict. However, establishing a sound ecological compensation plan for rational water resource use at the watershed scale remains challenging. Monthly water samples were collected between April 2019 and July 2020 at 28 points to analyze the spatiotemporal variation in water quality in the Taoxi Creek watershed, which is important for local water security. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was used to simulate water supply, demand, and spatial flow at the watershed scale. Water quality restoration cost was integrated with ecosystem service flow to quantify the watershed ecological compensation. The ecological compensation using water quality restoration cost based on pollutant treatment cost and water quality target level was CNY 11.9 million (USD 188 million). Taoxi Creek was identified as the major supplier of water ecosystem services for downstream residents, and the ecological compensation based on ecosystem service flow was CNY 18.9–47.2 million (USD 3.0–7.5 million). Combining both calculations, the watershed should annually receive CNY 30.8–59.1 million (USD 4.9–9.3 million) of economic compensation from downstream ecosystem beneficiaries. This study provides a scientific basis for improving the ecological compensation scheme in the Taoxi Creek watershed and a reference for ecological compensation formulation in other watersheds.
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Hydrogeochemical Simulation Research of Groundwater in the Guohe River Basin (Henan Section)
Authors: Yu Furong , Zhou Dongxu , Li Zhiping , Li Xiao
Published: May 2022

With the implementation of the policy of ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, the Guohe River Basin, which is close to the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, is also an important part of future development. Mathematical statistics, the Piper diagram, ion proportion coefficient method, Gibbs diagram and reverse hydrogeochemical simulation are used to analyze the chemical characteristics and evolution of groundwater in the Guohe River Basin (Henan Section). The dominant ions in the study area are HCO3− and Na+, and the three-layer aquifer has obvious zoning characteristics. The results show that the chemical types of shallow groundwater in this area are HCO3−Na • Mg • Ca, intermediate HCO3-Na and deep HCO3−Na. Using the ion proportion coefficient method, it is found that Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in the groundwater aquifer undergo cation exchange in the aquifer. According to the reverse hydrogeochemical simulation, gypsum in the three aquifers is in a dissolved state, carbonate and sulfide ores in the shallow layer are dissolved, dolomite and halite in the intermediate layer are dissolved, calcite and sulfide ores are precipitated and carbonate, halite and sulfide ores in the deep layer are precipitated; the hydrogeochemical evolution model is established to find that Ca2+ in groundwater displaces Na+ in the aqueous medium. This research can provide a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of groundwater and ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin.
Water Leakage and Crack Identification in Tunnels Based on Transfer-Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Man Ke , Liu Ruilin , Liu Xiaoli , Song Zhifei , Liu Zongxu , Cao Zixiang , Wu Liwen
Published: May 2022

In order to solve the problems of long artificial time consumption, the inability to standardize the degree of damage, and the difficulty of maintaining data in traditional tunnel disease detection methods, this paper proposes the use of Residual Network (ResNet) models for tunnel water leakage and crack detection. ResNet proposes a residual learning framework to ease the training of networks that are deeper than those previously used. Furthermore, ResNet explicitly reformulates the layers as learning the residual functions of the reference layer inputs, rather than learning the unreferenced functions. The ResNet model is built on the Tensorflow Deep Learning (DL) framework and transfer-learning is used to optimize the model. The ResNet-V1 can be obtained by pre-training in ImageNet. The fully connected layers of the ResNet-V1 were modified to four classifications of tunnel disease. Then, the SoftMax function is used to recognize the tunnel diseases. Four network structures have been chosen, i.e., ResNet34 and ResNet50, with and without Transfer-learning, respectively. Those models were selected for testing and training on the sample dataset, and these four network structures were compared and analyzed using five types of evaluation indicators, which are the confusion matrix, accuracy, precision, recall ratio and F1. In identifying tunnel cracks and water leakage, the accuracy of ResNet50 and ResNet34 using the transfer-learning were 96.30% and 91.29%, and the accuracy of ResNet50 was 5.01% higher than that of ResNet34; for the network structure without the transfer-learning, the accuracy of ResNet50 was 90.36% and ResNet34’s accuracy was 87.87%. These data show that the accuracy of ResNet50 is higher than that of ResNet34 with or without the transfer-learning, and the deep structure framework is superior in the identification of tunnel diseases; secondly, comparing the network structures with and without the transfer-learning, it can be found that using the Transfer-Learning can improve the ResNet network’s accuracy for tunnel disease identification. The experiments and reliability analysis demonstrate the intelligent tunnel disease identification method proposed in this paper, and its good robustness and generalization performance. This method can be used for the rapid identification of cracks and water leakage in a tunnel survey, construction and maintenance, which has practical engineering implications for tunnel disease detection.
Short-Range Movement Pattern of Amphidromous Lagoon Fish Schools: Ecological Applications
Authors: Brehmer Patrice , Soria Marc , David Viviane , Pinzon Pablo Ivan Caballero , Bach Pascal , Diogoul Ndague , Guillard Jean
Published: May 2022

High-resolution multibeam sonar allows estimating movements of pelagic fish schools at short range. Taking advantage of this methodology, we calculated a Straightness Index (SI) to quantify the proportion of schools migrating actively from those residents in lagoon channels. This information enhances our knowledge of both fish school displacements and migration processes, which are essential to improve our understanding of ecosystem functioning. Most fish schools (65%) exhibited a SI value demonstrating oriented swimming behavior through the channels displayed by schools reaching the sea during fall migration. This trend appears as an intrinsic property of school movements, allowing monitoring of the school migration process in a channel to provide information for manager vs. fishing regulation measures or lagoon planning. The result strengthens the ‘multi-transit’ hypothesis, as 35% of schools show sinuous trajectories representative of schools staying in the channel or displaying high exploratory behaviors. Lastly, the fish school Exploration Swimming Speed (ESS) was tested as a fishery-independent sampling method to evaluate the proportion of different fish species monitored using hydroacoustics. This approach demonstrates the interest in using swimming behavioral characteristics of fish schools for ecological and management purposes.
Dam Renovation to Prolong Reservoir Life and Mitigate Dam Impacts
Authors: Kondolf Mathias , Yi Jaeeung
Published: May 2022

Dams are essential to society, yet have tremendous environmental impacts, for which there is an increasing interest in mitigation. At the same time, sedimentation threatens the sustainability of reservoir storage and reservoir functions. We use the term dam renovation to encompass a wide range of measures, including dam rehabilitation, a term commonly used for structural retrofits, typically of the dam structure or spillway, fishway retrofits for migratory fish passage, reservoir reoperation, which involves modifying dam operations to improve flow regimes for ecological purposes, and sustainable sediment management, which includes measures to pass sediment through or around dams, as well as other mechanical measures to restore sediment connectivity. Compared to dam renovation, an inordinate amount of literature has been published on the topic of dam removal. While in some cases dam removal is a practical way to improve river condition and to resolve the safety problems of aging dams, the reality is that most dams in existence today will remain for the foreseeable future, provided they do not fill with sediment, or their structures deteriorate to the point of failure. Thus, it is imperative that we understand the options available to renovate dams with poor environmental performance or whose sustainability is threatened.
Improving Jakarta’s Katulampa Barrage Extreme Water Level Prediction Using Satellite-Based Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Networks
Authors: Kardhana Hadi , Valerian Jonathan Raditya , Rohmat Faizal Immaddudin Wira , Kusuma Muhammad Syahril Badri
Published: May 2022

Jakarta, the capital region of Indonesia, is experiencing recurring floods, with the most extensive recording loss as high as 350 million dollars. Katulampa Barrage’s observation of the Upper Ciliwung River plays a central role in reducing the risk of flooding in Jakarta, especially flowing through the Ciliwung River. The peak flow measured in the barrage would travel 13–14 h to the heart of the city, providing adequate time for the government officials and the residents to prepare for the flood risk. However, Jakarta is continually pressed by the population growth, averaging 1.27% in the past 20 years. The constant growth of Jakarta’s population continually develops slums in increasingly inconvenient locations, including the riverbanks, increasing vulnerability to floods. This situation necessitates a more advanced early warning system that could provide a longer forecasting lead time. Satellite remote sensing data propose a promising utility to extend the prediction lead time of extreme events. In the case of this study, Sadewa data is used to predict the water level of Katulampa Barrage using long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNN). The results show that the model could predict Katulampa Water Level accurately. The model presents a potential for implementation and additional lead time to increase flood mitigation preparedness.
Groundwater Pollution Model and Diffusion Law in Ordovician Limestone Aquifer Owe to Abandoned Red Mud Tailing Pit
Authors: Qi Yueming , Zhou Pei , Wang Junping , Ma Yipeng , Wu Jiaxing , Su Chengzhi
Published: May 2022

Red mud is a strong alkaline solid waste pollutant produced in the process of aluminum smelting, which causes great pollution to the regional groundwater environment due to its high content of fluorine and aluminum and high concentration of strong alkali. In this study, fluoride ion was selected as the model contaminant, and a numerical model of the groundwater flow field and solute transport was developed using GMS software to simulate and analyze the migration patterns of fluoride contaminants caused by the red mud pit for the fractured karst geohydrological conditions. The results demonstrated that the groundwater model and flow pattern were mainly controlled by atmospheric precipitation recharge, given flow boundary conditions and leakage of rivers and drains. When the concentration of fluorine pollutants in the red mud yard was 60.0 mg/L, the maximum migration distance of F− in the groundwater of the ordovician limestone aquifer was 473, 1160, 1595 and 1750 m after 1, 5, 10 and 15 years of bottom leakage, and the additional transport distances were 687, 435 and 155 m every 5 years, respectively. The range of F− pollution plume was 0.37 km2, 1.15 km2, 1.95 km2 and 2.14 km2, respectively and the range of newly added pollution plume was 0.78 km2, 0.80 km2 and 0.19 km2, respectively, every five years. Both indicated that with the extension of time, the migration and diffusion rate of pollutants slow down, and the diffusion volume increased first and then decreased. The F− pollution plume spread from the red mud pit to the northeast, which was consistent with the flow of groundwater. The high-concentration pollution plume was mainly distributed in the Ordovician limestone fractured aquifer in the northeast. This study revealed the migration law of red mud pollutants, and provided a scientific decision-making basis for the prevention and control of red mud groundwater pollution in the future.
Performance Assessment of Different Precipitation Databases (Gridded Analyses and Reanalyses) for the New Brazilian Agricultural Frontier: SEALBA
Authors: Silva Ewerton Hallan de Lima , Silva Fabrício Daniel dos Santos , Junior Rosiberto Salustiano da Silva , Pinto David Duarte Cavalcante , Costa Rafaela Lisboa , Gomes Heliofábio Barros , Júnior Jório Bezerra Cabral , de Freitas Ismael Guidson Farias , Herdies Dirceu Luís
Published: May 2022

Since the early 2000s, Brazil has been one of the world’s leading grain producers, with agribusiness accounting for around 28% of the Brazilian GDP in 2021. Substantial investments in research, coupled with the expansion of arable areas, owed to the advent of new agriculture frontiers, led the country to become the world’s greatest producer of soybean. One of the newest agricultural frontiers to be emerging in Brazil is the one known as SEALBA, an acronym that refers to the three Brazilian states whose areas it is comprised of—Sergipe, Alagoas, and Bahia—all located in the Northeast region of the country. It is an extensive area with a favorable climate for the production of grains, including soybeans, with a rainy season that takes place in autumn/winter, unlike the Brazilian regions that are currently the main producers of these kinds of crops, in which the rainfall regime has the wet period concentrated in spring/summer. Considering that precipitation is the main determinant climatic factor for crops, the scarcity of weather stations in the SEALBA region poses an obstacle to an accurate evaluation of the actual feasibility of the region to a given crop. Therefore, the aim of this work was to carry out an assessment of the performance of four different precipitation databases of alternative sources to observations: two from gridded analyses, MERGE and CHIRPS, and the other two from ECMWF reanalyses, ERA5, and ERA5Land, and by comparing them to observational records from stations along the region. The analysis was based on a comparison with data from seven weather stations located in SEALBA, in the period 2001–2020, through three dexterity indices: the mean absolute error (MAE), the root mean squared errors (RMSE), and the coefficient of Pearson’s correlation (r), showing that the gridded analyzes performed better than the reanalyses, with MERGE showing the highest correlations and the lowest errors (global average r between stations of 0.96, followed by CHIRPS with 0.85, ERA5Land with 0.83, and ERA5 with 0.70; average MAE 14.3 mm, followed by CHIRPS with 21.3 mm, ERA5Land with 42.1 mm and ERA5 with 50.1 mm; average RMSE between stations of 24.6 mm, followed by CHIRPS with 50.8 mm, ERA5Land with 62.3 mm and ERA5 with 71.4 mm). Since all databases provide up-to-date data, our findings indicate that, for any research that needs a complete daily precipitation dataset for the SEALBA region, preference should be given to use the data in the following order of priority: MERGE, CHIRPS, ERA5Land, and ERA5.
Evaluation of the Prospects for the Admission of Electric Multicopters to Operation at Airports, Subject to the Joint Use of Modern Methods of Ensuring Safety of the Movement
Authors: Shvetsov Alexey V.
Published: May 2022

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a promising means of optimizing existing and developing new technological processes at modern airports. At present, in most countries of the world, airports are still closed to UAVs. To allow UAVs to operate at the airport, it is necessary to solve the problem of ensuring the safety of their movement. In this paper, we consider modern methods for ensuring the safety of the movement of electric multicopters (EMs), which are a type of UAV that, according to its technical characteristics, can be operated at the airport in various applications, including for transportation or monitoring on the territory of the airport. To allow EMs to work at the airport, this paper proposes the joint use of two methods of ensuring traffic safety developed in recent years. The results of the conducted expert evaluation show that such a solution can be considered as the key to the approval of EMs for operation at airports.
Why Test study protocol: a UK-wide audit using the Primary Care Academic CollaboraTive (PACT) to explore the reasons for primary care testing
Authors: Burrell Alexander , Duncan Polly , Bennett-Britton Ian , Hodgson Sam , Merriel Samuel WD , Waqar Salman , Whiting Penny , Watson Jessica
Published: May 2022

Background

The number of blood tests done in primary care has been increasing over the past 20 years. Some estimates suggest that up to one-quarter of these tests may not have been needed. This could lead to a cascade effect of further investigations, appointments, or referrals, as well as anxiety for patients, increased workload, and costs to the health service. To better understand the impact and sequelae of blood tests on patients, it is necessary to know why blood tests are requested and what is done with the results.

Aim

To explore who orders blood tests and why, and how test results are actioned in primary care.

Design & setting

Retrospective audit of electronic health records in general practices across the UK.

Method

The Primary care Academic CollaboraTive (PACT), a UK-wide network of primary care health professionals, will be utilised to collect data from individual practices. PACT members will be asked to review the electronic health records of 50 patients who had recent blood tests in their practice, and manually extract anonymised data on who requested the test, the indication, the result, and subsequent actions. Data will also be collected from PACT members to assess the feasibility of the collaborative model.

Conclusion

PACT offers a unique opportunity to extract clinical data which cannot otherwise be obtained. Understanding the indications for tests will help identify priority areas for research to optimise testing and patient safety in primary care.
Efektivitas Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard Sebagai Metode Pembayaran Nontunai Suroboyo Bus
Authors: Lesmana Romy Hafizh , Widiyarta Agus
Published: May 2022

This article aims to find out and analyze the effectiveness the non-cash payment method program uses the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) on Suroboyo Bus. Suroboyo Bus was first launched in 2018 using plastic bottle waste as a payment method, but since the statute of Surabaya’s Major through Peraturan Walikota Number 56 Year 2021, there has been a change in the status of the Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas Pengelolaan Transportasi Umum (UPTD PTU) which is the implementing unit of Suroboyo Bus under the Dinas Perhubungan Kota Surabaya has become a Badan Layanan Umum Daerah(BLUD), making Suroboyo Bus financial management more flexible, making it possible to use non-cash payment methods using QRIS. The problem is focused on using QRIS as a non-cash payment method on Suroboyo Bus. In order to approach this problem is using the theory program’s effectiveness by Budiani, which consists of 1. The accuracy of program targets; 2. Program socialization; 3. Program Objectives; and 4. Program Monitoring. The data were collected through interviews, observations and documentation and analyzed with qualitative methods. This study concludes that the use of QRIS is quite effective, but the public's interest in using QRIS is still low so it needs to be socialized and adjusted to the conditions of the society.
Hubungan Harga Diri dan Iklim Sekolah dengan Perilaku Bullying di SMA Swasta Mamiyai Al-Ittyhadiyah Medan
Authors: Sari Ade Kurnia , Munir Abdul , Hasanuddin Hasanuddin
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the relationship between self-esteem and school climate with bullying behavior at private high school Mamiyai Al-Ittyhadiyah Medan. This type of research is quantitative research with correlational method. The subjects in this study were students at Mamiyai Al-Ittihadiyah Medan with the results showing that: (1) There was a significant negative relationship between self-esteem and bullying behavior as indicated by the coefficient rx1y = -0.525; p = 0.001 p <0.05, the results show that self-esteem has a predictive power towards bullying behavior of 27.5%. (2) There is a significant negative relationship between school climate and bullying behavior in Mamiyai Al-Ittihadiyah Medan as indicated by rx2y = -0.546 ; p = 0.000 p <0.05, the result is that the school climate has a predictive power to the emergence of bullying behavior by 29.8%. (3) There is a significant relationship between self-esteem and school climate with bullying behavior as indicated by the coefficient F=12.039 R=-0.560 while R2=0.313 with p=0.000 P<0.05. Taken together, self-esteem and school climate have predictive power to the emergence of bullying behavior by 30.3%. From this result, it is known that there are still 69.7% contributions from other factors or variables to the formation of bullying behavior. From the results of this study, the proposed hypothesis is accepted.
Kerajinan Bunga Berbahan Limbah Plastik Ditinjau dari Bentuk, Proporsi dan Warna
Authors: Putri Qudriani Rahmadianti Ghassani , Mesra Mesra
Published: May 2022

One of the creativity developments that can be done by students is the development of creativity by managing plastic waste into crafts, in this case flower crafts from plastic waste. This study aims to determine the application of shapes, proportions and colors in the manufacture of flower crafts made from plastic waste by class VIII students of SMP Negeri 2 Kualuh Selatan. This research was conducted from September to November 2021. This study used a qualitative method with qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques. The total population in this study was 241 works with a total sample of 34 works. The sampling technique uses a purposive sampling technique, namely a sampling technique or data source with certain considerations. The results showed that overall flower crafts made from plastic waste made by students of class VIII Suharto State Junior High School 2 Kualuh Selatan obtained good categories in terms of shape, proportion and color.
Implementasi Kebijakan Proses Perencanaan dan Penganggaran pada Biro Sistem Informasi, Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan
Authors: Nasution Zulkhairi , Badaruddin Badaruddin , Hartono Budi
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine and analyze the Implementation of Planning and Budgeting Process Policies at the Information Systems Bureau, Planning and Development of the University of North Sumatra Medan and to find out what factors are the obstacles / obstacles in the Implementation of the Planning and Budgeting Process Policy at the Bureau of Information Systems, Planning and Development, University of North Sumatra Medan. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, with research informants being the Head of Bureau, Head of Section, Head of Subdivision and Staff at the Bureau of Information Systems, Planning and Development, University of North Sumatra, Medan. The theory used is George C Edward III's public policy theory. The results of this study indicate that the Planning and Budgeting Process Policy Implementation at the Information Systems, Planning and Development Bureau has been implemented but has not achieved optimal results. The success of policy implementation needs to be supported by the authority and SOP for Planning and Budgeting at the Information Systems, Planning and Development Bureau at USU Medan. The factors that influence the Implementation of Planning and Budgeting Policies at the Bureau of Information Systems, Planning and Development of the University of North Sumatra are communication, disposition, resources, and bureaucratic structure. Good communication distribution and good coordination between leadership and staff are needed in order to produce a good implementation, therefore it is recommended to issue a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for planning and budgeting process policies in order to provide optimal results in the planning and budgeting process.
Note sur les dariques de Cniva (Dexippus Vindobonensis) et autres curiosités « barbares »
Authors: Hostein Antony
Published: May 2022

La contribution se déploie autour de trois dossiers dont le dénominateur commun est l’usage de monnaies d’or dans le contexte des incursions gothiques des années 240-260 apr. J.-C. Un bracelet composé de six aurei (Trajan-Gordien III), dont la notice a été publiée en russe dans un catalogue d’exposition récent, est d’abord signalé. Dans une seconde section est commenté un nouveau passage des Scythica de Dexippe découvert dans le palimpseste de Vienne, passage qui fait référence à des récompenses en dariques accordées par le roi goth Cniva à ses guerriers. Enfin, quelques réflexions sont conduites au sujet d’imitations en or de monnaies provinciales d’Alexandrie de Troade au nom de Gallien, publiées en 2015 par Aleksander Bursche et Kirill Myzgin.
Un pécule d’oboles de Marseille du milieu du Ve siècle avant notre ère sur l’oppidum du Marduel à Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard
Authors: Py Michel
Published: May 2022

Les fouilles conduites sur l’oppidum du Marduel, à Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard, ont livré 25 oboles en argent de Marseille dans un niveau d’incendie daté des environs du milieu du Ve siècle av. n. è. par la stratigraphie et les céramiques associées. Il s’agit de 24 oboles anépigraphes à la tête casquée et d’une obole à la tête de lion. Les conditions de gisement permettent de supposer que ces monnaies faisaient partie d’un pécule remisé dans une des maisons qui ont péri par le feu. Cette découverte fournit une datation intéressante pour cette catégorie d’oboles et illustre l’une des rares attestations languedociennes pour un numéraire principalement diffusé en Provence.
Trebizond or Northern Syria? A new coin type of the Counts of Edessa and the attribution of a group of 11th / 12th century copper coins
Authors: Schindel Nikolaus
Published: May 2022

On considère ici une monnaie de bronze qui porte au droit la représentation grossière d’un personnage en cotte de mailles au droit et au revers une croix ornée, cantonnée de la la légende ΙΣ ΧΣ ΝΙΚΑ. C’est le second exemplaire connu de ce type, frappé sans aucun doute par les comtes d’Édesse. Cette monnaie n’est pas seulement un supplément au répertoire du comté croisé, elle éclaire aussi l’interprétation d’un groupe de pièces de bronze autrefois attribué par S. Bendall à Trébizonde. En effet, étant donné que notre pièce et ce groupe dit de Trébizonde portent la même ligature des lettres N et I au revers, l’attribution de ce dernier doit être mise en question.
Le quotidien des échanges : une préoccupation de l’État (Ier-IVe siècle)
Authors: Christol Michel
Published: May 2022

L’Aequitas est d’abord une vertu symbolisant l’action des édiles ou des magistrats responsables du bon fonctionnement des échanges dans le macellum ou sur le forum. Elle y a sa statue. Puis elle passe comme allégorie dans l’imagerie monétaire. Représentant aussi Moneta, elle exprime de l’époque flavienne à l’époque tétrarchique les préoccupations de l’État pour assurer, grâce à la monnaie, le meilleur fonctionnement des échanges au niveau impérial.