A Study of the Radiation Tolerance of CVD Diamond to 70 MeV Protons, Fast Neutrons and 200 MeV Pions
Authors: Bäni Lukas , Alexopoulos Andreas , Artuso Marina , Bachmair Felix , Bartosik Marcin , Beck Helge , Bellini Vincenzo , Belyaev Vladimir , Bentele Benjamin , Bes Alexandre , Brom Jean-Marie , Chiodini Gabriele , Chren Dominik , Cindro Vladimir , Claus Gilles , Collot Johann , Cumalat John , Curtoni Sébastien , Dabrowski Anne , D’Alessandro Raffaello , Dauvergne Denis , De Boer Wim , Dorfer Christian , Dünser Marc , Eigen Gerald , Eremin Vladimir , Forneris Jacopo , Gallin-Martel Laurent , Gallin-Martel Marie-Laure , Gan Kock , Gastal Martin , Ghimouz Abderrahman , Goffe Mathieu , Goldstein Joel , Golubev Alexander , Gorišek Andrej , Grigoriev Eugene , Grosse-Knetter Jörn , Grummer Aidan , Hiti Bojan , Hits Dmitry , Hoeferkamp Martin , Hosselet Jérôme , Hügging Fabian , Hutson Chris , Janssen Jens , Kagan Harris , Kanxheri Keida , Kass Richard , Kis Mladen , Kramberger Gregor , Kuleshov Sergey , Lacoste Ana , Lagomarsino Stefano , Lo Giudice Alessandro , López Paz Ivan , Lukosi Eric , Maazouzi Chaker , Mandić Igor , Marcatili Sara , Marino Alysia , Mathieu Cédric , Menichelli Mauro , Mikuž Marko , Morozzi Arianna , Moscatelli Francesco , Moss Joshua , Mountain Raymond , Oh Alexander , Olivero Paolo , Passeri Daniele , Pernegger Heinz , Perrino Roberto , Picollo Federico , Pomorski Michal , Potenza Renato , Quadt Arnulf , Rarbi Fatah , Re Alessandro , Reichmann Michael , Roe Shaun , Rossetto Olivier , Sanz Becerra Diego , Schmidt Christian , Schnetzer Stephen , Sciortino Silvio , Scorzoni Andrea , Seidel Sally , Servoli Leonello , Smith Dale , Sopko Bruno , Sopko Vit , Spagnolo Stefania , Spanier Stefan , Stenson Kevin , Stone Robert , Stugu Bjarne , Sutera Concetta , Traeger Michael , Trischuk William , Truccato Marco , Tuvè Cristina , Velthuis Jaap , Wagner Stephen , Wallny Rainer , Wang Jianchun , Wermes Norbert , Wickramasinghe Jayashani , Yamouni Mahfoud , Zalieckas Justas , Zavrtanik Marko , Hara Kazuhiko , Ikegami Yoichi , Jinnouchi Osamu , Kohriki Takashi , Mitsui Shingo , Nagai Ryo , Terada Susumu , Unno Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2020

We measured the radiation tolerance of commercially available diamonds grown by the Chemical Vapor Deposition process by measuring the charge created by a 120 GeV hadron beam in a 50 μm pitch strip detector fabricated on each diamond sample before and after irradiation. We irradiated one group of samples with 70 MeV protons, a second group of samples with fast reactor neutrons (defined as energy greater than 0.1 MeV), and a third group of samples with 200 MeV pions, in steps, to (8.8±0.9) × 1015 protons/cm2, (1.43±0.14) × 1016 neutrons/cm2, and (6.5±1.4) × 1014 pions/cm2, respectively. By observing the charge induced due to the separation of electron–hole pairs created by the passage of the hadron beam through each sample, on an event-by-event basis, as a function of irradiation fluence, we conclude all datasets can be described by a first-order damage equation and independently calculate the damage constant for 70 MeV protons, fast reactor neutrons, and 200 MeV pions. We find the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 70 MeV protons to be 1.62±0.07(stat)±0.16(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(p μm), the damage constant for diamond irradiated with fast reactor neutrons to be 2.65±0.13(stat)±0.18(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(n μm), and the damage constant for diamond irradiated with 200 MeV pions to be 2.0±0.2(stat)±0.5(syst)× 10−18 cm2/(π μm). The damage constants from this measurement were analyzed together with our previously published 24 GeV proton irradiation and 800 MeV proton irradiation damage constant data to derive the first comprehensive set of relative damage constants for Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. We find 70 MeV protons are 2.60 ± 0.29 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, fast reactor neutrons are 4.3 ± 0.4 times more damaging than 24 GeV protons, and 200 MeV pions are 3.2 ± 0.8 more damaging than 24 GeV protons. We also observe the measured data can be described by a universal damage curve for all proton, neutron, and pion irradiations we performed of Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond. Finally, we confirm the spatial uniformity of the collected charge increases with fluence for polycrystalline Chemical Vapor Deposition diamond, and this effect can also be described by a universal curve.