bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Research Design Based on The Framework of Tafseer Al-Fiqhiy (Quranic Juristic Commentary)
Authors: Embong Abdul Hanis , Rahman Asyraf Haji Abd , Kadir Firdaus Khairi Abdul , Salamun Hailan , Khairuldin Wan Mohd Khairul Firdaus Wan , Shahrani Siti Shazirah , Karim Mohd Ritzman Abdul
Published: March 2022

Research design is essential in constructing any conducted research. It is a plan, strategy and investigation structure in a particular element defined in accordance with research objectives. However, the current research design is based on the Conventional Research Method (CRM) which fails to address Islamic based researches. CRM and Islamic Research Method (IRM) are different in many features. As the first is claimed as being constructed based on a universal perspective, IRM is structured on the pertinent fundamentals of Islamic overview. Somehow, before its good rapport, CRM is considerably counted in Islamic and Muslim intelligentsia. It brings to the question of how far the CRM is relevant to study the above-mentioned items as its perspective and epistemology are different from IRM. Hence, this study was conducted to construct one of the IRM research components that will be able to contribute to the framework of tafseer al-fiqhiy. Tafseer al-fiqhiy is a set of a guideline of commentary or interpretation employed by mufassirin (authors of tafseer) in discussing fiqh’s problems, relevant jurisprudence (laws) which are in line with the interpreted Quranic verses. It laments some strategies, specific steps and indicators focusing on the pattern of tafseer al-fiqhiy are in lieu of applying it into researches of Islamic fiqh. In achieving this aim, the qualitative approach was conducted focusing on exploratory design to study the pattern of tafseer al-fiqhiy. Apart, the study took into consideration the purpose of examining the relevant works of literature. The discussions in this research are divided into two folds: firstly, identifying the tafseer al-fiqhiy and secondly, analyzing the elements of tafseer al-fiqhiy to be applied into IRM. The findings suggest some notions regarding the suitability and relevance of tafseer al-fiqhiy can be utilised in the concerned. It also ties up with the Islamic juristic issues. Under the status quo, tafseer al-fiqhiy posits its appropriateness in the research of fiqh prior to its accuracy and reliability. It is also parallel to the Islamic standard as the tafseer al-fiqhiy is retrieved from the vital branch of Islamic sciences viz. tafseer al-Quran. Thus, it can be a frame of reference amongst the scholars who have the interest to venture into the study of Islamic discourses.

 

Received: 23 September 2021 / Accepted: 21 December 2021 / Published: 5 March 2022
The Role of School and Family Education in the Development of Creative Thinking for Youths: Evidence from Vietnamese Context
Authors: Hanh Hoang Phuong , Dien Bui Thi , Lien Nguyen Hong , Lan Trinh Thi Ngoc , Thai Luong Viet , Vinh Le Anh
Published: March 2022

This article discusses determinant factors of creative thinking skills in students, including demographic features, within and out-of-school experiences, digital usage and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) skills. Structural equated model constructed from 1181 observations from Vietnamese secondary students reveals that students’ digital usage and ICT skills, together with experiences within and outside school are strong predictors of their creativity levels. Demographic features, academic performance and after-school tuition are found insignificant to school learners’ creative abilities. The results provide significant insights into the current situation of skills education and policy implications to improve instructional quality of Vietnam’s education system and other nations with similar sociocultural contexts.

 

Received: 11 November 2021 / Accepted: 14 December 2021 / Published: 5 March 2022
Intellectual Delinquencies Among Youth and Ways of Prevention from the Perspective of Youth and Social Workers
Authors: Allaboon Jameelah M.
Published: March 2022

The present research paper aimed to identify intellectual delinquencies and their factors among youth and suggest ways of prevention from the perspective of youth and social workers. Therefore, it adopted the descriptive analytical approach and applied a questionnaire to a sample of (209) students aged (18-30) years at some Saudi universities and (90) social workers. The results showed the highest intellectual delinquencies among youth from the perspective of youth and social workers, the (family, societal, personal, and educational) factors, and the suggested ways of prevention. The study recommended establishing a special unit at the university to provide training courses to students to develop their skills and raise their awareness about current issues, such as intellectual delinquencies.

 

Received: 15 November 2021 / Accepted: 22 December 2021 / Published: 5 March 2022
Does Mental Accounting Play an Important Role in Young Entrepreneurs? Studies on Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Radianto Wirawan E.D. , Salim Ika , Christian Sonata , Efrata Tommy Christian , Dewi Liliana
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of mental accounting, financial attitude, and financial self-efficacy on financial behavior. Furthermore, this study examines the effect of financial knowledge on mental accounting, financial attitude, and financial self-efficacy. This study uses 400 student respondents who have businesses. Data analysis using PLS. The results show that financial behavior is influenced by mental accounting, financial attitude, and financial self-efficacy. However, financial knowledge did not increase mental accounting and financial self-efficacy. This study proves that mental accounting is very important for student success in business. Mental accounting controls the mindset of young entrepreneurs in managing finances so that they have a positive financial attitude, good financial self-efficacy, and effective financial behavior. From this study, we believe that mental accounting plays an important role for young entrepreneurs in financial decision-making. However, financial knowledge does not necessarily influence the mental accounting mindset.

 

Received: 13 October 2021 / Accepted: 24 December 2021 / Published: 5 March 2022
Modeling of Innovative Teaching in an Austrian Primary School
Authors: Avdiu Eliza , Holzinger Andrea
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research is to understand the integration of innovative teaching and its modeling through teachers' experiences as one of the most advanced approaches to teaching today. Eight teachers of a primary school in Austria were involved in this study. Qualitative methods, with semi-structured interviews, were used in this study. In this study, semi-structured interviews, classroom observations and participation were conducted, during a one-month period. The results of this study illustrate innovative teaching experiences through new models, which have begun to be implemented this year in this school, such as: digital and social competence as a new field, teaching in the studio, combining mathematics with music, learning drama with technology and other subjects, learning in the school's green kindergarten, learning with digital tools, and a series of play-modeled activities which focused on active student participation. Through these models, students learn how to organize the learning process themselves, to choose what will work in accordance with their interests, in order to increase students’ independence in their work and their preparation for the living environment where they grow up.

 

Received: 13 September 2021 / Accepted: 2 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
Judicial Administration and Enforcement of the Right to Quality Education in South Africa: A Discussion of Selected Case Laws
Authors: Sefoka Isaiah Mmatipe
Published: March 2022

This paper examines the judicial intervention in safeguarding the comprehension and the fulfilment of the right to quality education through its pronouncements and judgements. The paper showcase that these judgements and pronouncements have now become essential regulatory tools shaping the administration and enforcement of the right to quality education in South Africa. It emphasizes that the judiciary on its pronouncements showcase the importance of understanding the meaning of the right to education and steadfast the significance of having social services connected to the learning environment for the delivery and realization of quality and sustainable education. It concludes that this right is inalienable and as such, it is incumbent on the government and institutions responsible for the protection of this right to certify that the right is promoted, protected and provided for at all cost. The paper recommends that the judiciary must continuously contribute in ensuring that quality education is promoted and protected by pronouncing judgements that promote quality sustainable education connected with good social services in schools across South Africa.

 

Received: 20 August 2021 / Accepted: 15 December 2021 / Published: 5 March 2022
The Value of a Pilot Study in Educational Research Learning: In Search of a Good Theory-Method Fit
Authors: Muresherwa Edson , Loyiso C. Jita
Published: March 2022

This article shares the authors’ reflections and experiences gained from a pilot study that was recently used in completing a larger qualitative educational research study on the challenges and opportunities for instructional leadership in inclusive secondary schools in Zimbabwe. Historically, pilot studies have not been reported. When interest in this area started to emerge, the focus was on quantitative research, especially in health-related disciplines. In recent times, there has been growing debate on the place of pilot studies in qualitative and mixed methods research. However, a number of questions still remain unanswered, especially in the area of educational research. One of the worrisome features of these questions seems to be the taken‑for‑granted assumption that once a researcher conceives of an educational research idea, they are automatically clear and specific on the onto-epistemological and methodological tools that may best be employed to answer the questions at hand. This view is reflected when, for example, the few writers on pilot studies generally specify a particular research approach, such as importance of pilot studies in quantitative research, importance of pilot studies in qualitative research, or importance of pilot studies in mixed methods research, and do not talk about the value of a pilot study in educational research learning as a search for a good theory-method fit. This article focuses on pilot studies in educational research learning in order to close this gap. The central theme in this article is that pilot-studying may itself determine, for example, whether a study should follow a qualitative, mixed methods or quantitative approach. It also determines the appropriateness of research tools for the task at hand. Specifically, pilot-studying helps especially student researchers to find an appropriate theory-method fit and thereby makes researching possible. Following a pilot study, educational research that was originally planned to be mixed methods research or quantitative research may end up embracing a qualitative approach and vice versa. Our desire to share reflections and experiences gained in completing the main PhD study which informs the current article, coupled with ongoing debates on pilot studies in educational research, inspired us to pen this article. The article contributes to scholarship by elaborating and adding new insights on the work of earlier writers on the important research practice of pilot-studying in educational research processes.

 

Received: 29 September 2021 / Accepted: 8 December 2021 / Published: 5 March 2022
Translation in the Umayyad Era: Individual Experiences Shaping the Movement
Authors: L Ismail Yazid Abdulrahman A
Published: March 2022

This paper explores the early translation movement in the Arabic-speaking world and the reasons why efforts to translate texts from non-Arabic languages into Arabic during the Umayyad period have largely been overlooked. The current study micro-historically highlights the translation efforts made before, during, and after the Umayyad period (661-750), concluding that Umayyad translation scholars have been overlooked in favor of later Abbasid scholars due to political considerations. Finally, recommendations are made as to future research built upon the current paper to further explore individual historical experiences.

 

Received: 15 December 2021 / Accepted: 26 January 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
Empirical Research of Translating Albanian Literary Text into English by Albanian EFL Students
Authors: Vula Elsa
Published: March 2022

Literary translation is a type of translation, which requires a great commitment in realizing it. The differences that may be shared by the SL and TL make translation as a process a complicated and challenging one, especially when it comes to literary text translation. The messages, emotions and culture that the literature of a language shares sometimes seem almost difficult to be passed from one language to another one. This is a consequence of differences that the two different languages share in their construction and in their culture. This paper has been focused on the problems of equivalence while dealing with Albanian literary text translation to English, carried out by Albanian university students who study English Language and Literature. Empirical and qualitative are the research methods that have been used in this scientific paper. All these methods have verified the three hypotheses of this research as well as have found the answers to the questions on this research. In addition, the results reached from the three aforementioned research methods have helped in achieving the objectives and aims of this paper.The corpora that has been used in this research is the Albanian literary texts: “Ajkuna qan Omerin” from Kangë Kreshnikësh (Kreshink’s Songs). The text has been translated by Albanian students that study English Language and Literature at the University of Gjakova “Fehmi Agani”, Faculty of Philology, department of English language and Literature and at University of Prizren “Ukshin Hoti”, Faculty of Philology, department of English language and Literature. The translated versions were used as primary source materials for analysis. Another instrument used in this research is the questionnaire, consisting of two open-ended questions. One question aimed at identifying difficulties or challenges that students might have or face during their translation, whereas the second question asked them about the solutions that they might find when dealing with difficulties or challenges during Albanian literary text translation. Thus, the problems of equivalence during Albanian literary texts translation have been identified based on the analysis of students’ translation, and on their responses regarding difficulties or challenges that they faced or had during text translations. The work presents the most common strategies used by Albanian students during the process of literary text translation from Albanian into English.

 

Received: 18 October 2021 / Accepted: 2 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
Sociology of Terrorism: A Brief History and Overview of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria’s (ISIS) Propaganda Wing from a Socio-Educational Perspective
Authors: Abumelhim Mohammad Husni , Radaideh Ramzy Mahmoud , Abu-Alkeshek Esra’a Omar
Published: March 2022

This study aimed at providing a brief overview of ISIS’s ideology and origins as starting points for an analysis of its propaganda strategy. How did ISIS utilize its ideological propaganda wing to achieve its socio-educational goals? An intrinsic case study is used to provide an overview of ISIS’s key multi-lingual propaganda documents and media modes. It is these documents and modes of media that ISIS uses as primary sources for its propaganda strategy, which is employed through vocabulary reinforcement, in addition to piece-meal usage of Qur’an and Hadith. Through the intrinsic case study, this study illustrates precisely how ISIS’s ideology is reflected through both content and form. Since ISIS’s inception as an offshoot of Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), ISIS has learned to constantly reposition and remarket itself as a needed response to the needs of the umma. It is only by understanding the periodicals that ISIS has developed over time that one can do justice in delving into ISIS’s strategy of sociolinguistic terrorism.

 

Received: 11 November 2021 / Accepted: 29 December 2021 / Published: 5 March 2022
Prevalence of Anxiety, Depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Amputees Attending Jaipur Foot Trust Artificial Limb Centre in Kenya
Authors: Fara Illham Mohamed , Mutavi Teresia Ndilu , Gitau Catherine Wanja
Published: March 2022

Background: Amputees have been noted to present various psychiatric disorders including anxiety, body image disturbances, depression, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, there is limited data available on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD among amputees in Kenya despite the high incidences of amputations in Kenyan hospitals. This study aimed at finding out the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among amputees attending the Jaipur Foot Trust Centre in Kenya. Method: This study took a cross-sectional descriptive study design. One hundred and forty-one patients attending the Jaipur Foot Trust were recruited to participate in the study after giving informed consent using a non-probability purposive sampling method. A socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic characteristics. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to assess the patient's depression. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale was used to assess the patient's anxiety level and The Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) was used to assess the severity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Results: Findings from this study showed high rates of psychiatric morbidity where two-thirds of the patients reported PTSD (65%) with more than three-quarters of patients being diagnosed with depression (89.4%) and anxiety (91.5%). Also, there was a significant correlation between depression, anxiety, and PTSD, such that participants who had higher scores on anxiety and depression had significantly higher PTSD scores. Conclusion:  Anxiety, Depression, and PTSD are very common psychological reactions in patients who have undergone amputation. The researchers expected that some of the sociodemographic factors and some amputation-related characteristics would have a relation with psychiatric comorbidity. However, the findings of this study did not show any such relationship except the relation between anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Early psychological assessment and interventions after amputations will help alleviate psychological distress.
GAMIFICATION IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGE VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR (BASED ON LATIN)
Authors:   Kemerovo State Medical University, Gubanova Inna V.
Published: March 2022

The article describes the designing of an electronic course with a gamified scenario for teaching foreign language vocabulary and grammar (Latin medical terminology) and its integration into the educational process, which is especially relevant for maintaining students’ permanent interest and involvement into studying and motivates students to continued knowledge acquiring and necessary skills development. The course consists of modules-levels, which include various tasks to master, develop and test the progress. Knowledge is assessed by a step-by-step control system allowing to proceed from task to task, from level to level only if students have successfully mastered the material, or going back to the previous tasks, if the knowledge level is insufficient to go further.
ANALYSIS OF YUGRA STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ DIGITAL FOOTPRINT
Authors:   Yugra State University, Samarina Olga V. , Samarin Valery А. ,   Yugra State University
Published: March 2022

The article deals with the search and analysis of Ugra State University students’ digital footprint. The concept of a student’s digital footprint and the potential of its application in the educational process are considered. The authors describe the process of searching for the digital footprint of Yugra State University students who major in “Software Engineering” and “Informatics and Computer Engineering”. The analysis and systematization of the obtained digital footprint data has been carried out. The approach to the study of the students’ digital footprint presented in the work can be applied in improving the quality of education and the prospects for using information technologies in higher education.
PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CADETS THAT PREVENT EMOTIONAL BURNOUT
Authors:   Altai State University, Trofimova Julia V. , Efanova Marina I. ,   Altai State Pedagogical University
Published: March 2022

It is noted that signs of emotional burnout are manifested in university students mainly in the form of psychoemotional exhaustion. It is shown that self-control, optimal experiences (effort, pleasure and meaningfulness) in professional activity, respect for oneself, especially in difficult situations or situations of failure, prevent the emotional burnout of university students.
THE IZBA-READING ROOM AS A COMMUNICATION SPACE OF THE GOVERNMENT AND THE PEASANTRY DURING THE NEP YEARS (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF WESTERN SIBERIA)
Authors:   Altai State Agricultural University, Bondarenko Svetlana I.
Published: March 2022

The article examines the activities of the Soviet cultural and educational institutions - reading rooms, as a communication platform for the authorities and the peasantry in Western Siberia. The forms and methods of work of reading rooms are analyzed. The article considers the specificity of rural residents’ attitude to the work of these institutions, based on archival data that are first introduced into scientific use. The features of adaptation practices applied by the authorities are revealed, the result of the communication is an increase in the general educational and cultural level of the peasantry and its inclusion into the Soviet system of relations.
ACTIVITIES OF THE STATE APPARATUS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE AIMED AT REGULATING LEGAL CULTURE
Authors:   Far Eastern law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, Klimachkov Vyacheslav M.
Published: March 2022

The article considers the main factors that influenced the evolution of the legal culture of the population of the Russian Empire at different stages of its development from the XVIII to the beginning of the XX centuries. The most important motive power of this process was the increase of the level of general education of the society. The state approach to fine-tuning the legal model of the empire assumed an increase in the number of competent specialists in the legal field. However, despite the urgent need for legal education of the majority of the country’s population, this task was never fully completed in the Russian Empire.
“GOLDEN DECADE” OF LOCAL STUDIES IN TOBOLSK DISTRICT
Authors:   Tyumen Scientific Centere of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mavlyutova Gulnara Sh.
Published: March 2022

The main directions of the activities of Tobolsk Society for the Study of the Region, which operated in the 1920s, are considered. The society was not massive. The region’s intelligentsia constituted its main backbone. The structural units of the Society were natural-geographical, industrial-economic, cultural-historical, and other sections. Its branches functioned on the territory of the region. State policy at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s began to restrict the activities of local studies organizations which resulted in the the demise of the Society.
Singular Perturbation Method Applied for BVP, IVP and Optimal Control to One Parameter Armature Controlled DC Servo Motor
Authors: Gunti Kishor Babu , Movva Sree Krishnarayalu
Published: March 2022

DC servo motor discrete model of one-parameter Singular Perturbation Method (SPM) is enlarged showing zero-order, first-order and second-order approximations. In this paper, a one parameter SPM based two time scale model is considered for evaluation. Now by applying this SPM a real time Boundary Value Problems (BVP), Initial Value Problem (IVP) and Optimal Control Problem (OCP) are premeditated. Such evaluated SPM have a boundary layer correction (BLC) solution and an outer series solution. To improve degenerate solution and to recover initial and boundary conditions a BLC solution of SPM is used. The DC servo-motor control model of second order approximation is carried out for BVP, IVP and OCP. The results thus obtained are presented in comparison to the precise solution. The efficacy of the present model is evaluated in MATLAB environment.
Modal vs. deictic evidentials in ʔayʔaǰuθəm (Comox-Sliammon)
Authors: Huijsmans Marianne , Reisinger Daniel K. E.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we present novel data from ʔayʔaǰuθəm (a.k.a. Comox-Sliammon; an understudied Salish language) that challenge both the claim that all evidentials are epistemic modals (Matthewson 2012) and the claim that evidentials and modals are distinct, non-overlapping categories (e.g. Aikhenvald 2004, Speas 2010}. We take the defining difference between modal and nonmodal evidentials to be that modal evidentials contribute an at-issue claim involving quantification over possible worlds/situations, whereas nonmodal evidentials do not; both types of evidentials contribute information about the speaker's source of evidence for the proposition. We argue that ʔayʔaǰuθəm has two types of evidentials: one set are epistemic modals, while the other set are nonmodal deictic particles. Though we argue against the claims that evidentials are uniformly modal or nonmodal, we propose that both types of evidentials encode relations between situations (following Speas 2010).
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEARD SIZE AND MILK PRODUCTION IN GREATER GUWAHATI REGION OF ASSAM, INDIA
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Earth Science, University of Science & Technology, Meghalaya, Sarma Hemen , Borah Dr. Jnanashree ,   Professor, Department of Earth Science, University of Science & Technology, Meghalaya, Sarma Tirthankar ,   Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh
Published: March 2022

The production of milk is conceived of several factors and a very complex process. “The knowledge of relative importance of the resource inputs influencing in milk production is essential for the dairy farmer for introducing desirable change in his operation at micro level and for the policy maker for formulating plans for improvements in dairy cattle productivity based on sound economic principles at the macro level” (Rao, 1985). Household samples have been selected both from the municipal wards of Guwahati Municipal Corporation area. Out of 672 dairy farming households, 201 household have been selected for the survey. Regression analysis has been used for the study of factors affecting milk production in greater Guwahati region of Assam
Decentralized money. Resisting surveillance capitalism
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Sirotkin V.B.
Published: March 2022

Modern changes in centralized money are under consideration. It is shown that private electronic money (cryptocurrency) acts as a means of resistance to the increase of government control over people.
Strategic role of the core agro-industrial holdings in ensuring food security of the Russian Federation (beef cattle farming case study)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Grinchenko M.D.
Published: March 2022

Strategic enterprises of the Russian meat livestock sector are represented by vertically integrated agro-industrial holdings, whose competitive advantages, functional structure, and specifics of their businesses make corporations important participants in ensuring national food security. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is the general theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing by academician Vladimir L. Kvint. The study revealed that ensuring national food security in Russia is under the influence of several strategic threats, in particular: insufficient stability of the institutional environment; biased quantitative criteria for achieving food security; lack of strategic management of emergency periods. Overcoming these challenges is possible by building a strategic system hierarchical approach, in the theory of strategy and methodology of strategizing by Professor Vladimir L. Kvint. The fifth is called the Hierarchic System of Strategy based on the alignment of global, national, regional, and corporate interests. The latter primarily concern strategic agro-industrial holdings, whose industry leadership, production potential and financial stability can have a positive impact on increasing the sustainability of regional food markets by expanding the physical and economic availability of food, which contributes to improving the quality of life of the population – the main guideline of the strategy at any level.
Technological progress: prerequisite and result of the socio-humanitarian direction of economic development
Authors:   Free Economic Society of Russia, Bodrunov S.D.
Published: March 2022

The decisive role of scientific and technological progress in shaping economic, social and cultural vectors of development of the scientific and technological progress is shown, many features of which are formed under the reverse influence of socio-economic relations and other spheres of social life and public consciousness, the noo-factors. The theory in development by the author of the New industrial society of the second generation and transformation towards a qualitatively new, post-economic state of society – a noosocial structure based on the paradigm of nooindustrial production and the nootype of satisfying the wants of people, can serve as a suitable key to understanding these patterns. There are four main aspects of progress in this direction - scientific and technological progress, socialization, solidarism and diffusion of ownership. It is emphasized that these issues can and should be solved within the framework of coordinated development of production, science and education, using not only market but also planned methods.
Science and technology development as a strategic national priority of Russia
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenchuk E.B.
Published: March 2022

The article analyzes the importance of highlighting scientific and technological development as a strategic priority in the new National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation. In the condition of the transition of the world economy to a new technological basis, which is formed by the technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, the risks of further growth of the lag in scientific and technical development on Western countries increase for Russia. In this regard, the most important tasks in R&D fields are considered, which must be solved in order to turn science and innovation into a driver of economic development and transition to a new competitive growth model. Particular emphasis is placed on the study of problems of goal setting, financial support and improvement of the institutional environment in the scientific and technological sphere, as well as the development of basic science.
Precarious employment of the workers of science and education: scope, causes, consequences
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleksandrova O.A. , Faiman N.S. ,   Institute of Socio-Economic Studies of Population of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2022

Based on the results of a mass survey of employees of scientific institutions and universities, the article analyzes the impact that their income, secondary employment, professional development and quality of work are affected by changes associated with the transition to an “effective contract”, the assessment of the performance of scientists and teachers mainly on the basis of scientometric indicators, explicit or latent transition to fixed-term employment contracts. It is shown that in the conditions of the lack of demand for scientific knowledge and scientific expertise by the economy and the public administration system and, as a result, a significant underfunding of science and education, these measures do not lead to the expected effects, but, contributing to the growth of precarious employment, negatively affect the quality and productivity of scientific and pedagogical work, sharply reduce the social protection of scientists and teachers, do not increase and even reduce the prestige of the respective professions.
To the discussion on transforming economic systems and designing from the future
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Management, Tver State University, Karaseva L.A.
Published: March 2022

This discussion requires clarification and coordination of the subject of research, as well as avoiding a concrete aspect and linearity in the theoretical understanding of the qualitative changes taking place in the world and national economic systems. The author’s position is proposed, which consists in the necessity to comprehend the systemic transformation of the world economic system as an objective and subjective processes, based on the socio-economic transformation, the essence of which is the transition from state-monopolistic capitalism to global monopolistic capitalism. The need of theoretical awareness of the objective mechanism of the new technologies functioning is justified in the article. From the point of view of their social characteristics, these new technologies increasingly assume the quality of global ones (the study of socio-economic, objectively necessary organizational-economic, institutional relations and forms mediating their implementation). This will allow: to substantiate theoretically the measure of the ratio of stability and variability in the current economic system; the mechanism of modification and deformation; to understand the actual economic norms and forms as transformed forms of implementation of new technologies, inevitable during the formation of a new economic system; to design transitional norms and forms of realization of the emerging new technologies of global quality to ensure their socially effective introduction. The importance of politico-economic and subjective approaches to the analysis of the systemic quality of transformation is emphasized and illustrated by examples, which allow to avoid two extremes when choosing the way forward. They are: underestimating the influence of global financial capital on the policy of nation states through political, economic and financial instruments and institutions, as well as getting ahead through designing from the future.
Production. Science. Education: Future Scenarios (PSE-2021)
Authors:   S.Y. Witte Institute for New Industrial Development, Shafranskaya A.M.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the review of the VIII International congress “Production. Science. Education: Future Scenarios” (PSE-2021), organized by the S.Y. Witte Institute for New Industrial Development (INID). This congress has become a platform for a comprehensive discussion of topical problems of the modern economy, the search for ways to integrate production, science, education and the development of future scenarios. The congress was devoted to the development of technologies and the foundations of socio-economic progress, the human potential of technological and economic development, production, science and education as drivers of socio-economic development, the transformation of public institutions while moving towards a new industrial society of the second generation (NIS.2) and noonomics. The result of the VIII International congress «Production. Science. Education: Future Scenarios» (PSE-2021) became both new theoretical provisions presented in the results of the study of the participants, and practical recommendations for the transition to new social relations.
Microbial and Physicochemical Screening of Ready to Eat Street Foods
Authors: Nnenna J. P. Omorodion , Ogunekum Adesewa
Published: March 2022

Food samples: African salad, fried yam, fried potato, fried plantain, bole and suya meat retailed in three locations along Choba, Aluu and Alakahia were analyzed for their microbial load. Analysis of the food samples revealed Total viable count ranging from 3.8×107 cfu/g to 5.2×107 cfu/g (African salad), 2.6×107 cfu/g to 3.3×107 cfu/g (Bole), 3.0×107 cfu/g to 3.4×107 cfu/g (Plantain), 3.4×107 cfu/g to 3.6×107 cfu/g (Potato), 2.9×107 cfu/g to 3.3×107 cfu/g (Yam) and 4.8×107 cfu/g to 5.1×107 cfu/g (Suya meat) from the various locations. The organism isolated includes, Staphylococcus aureus (25%), Escherichia coli (25%), Pseudomonas (15%), Streptococcus (15%), Bacillus cereus (12%) and Salmonella spp (8%). The TVC count in these food samples exceeds the standard set by International Commission for Microbiology Specification for Food (ICMSF) for ready-to-eat food which states that TVC count between 0-107 cfu/g is acceptable, 104 to 105 cfu/g is tolerable and >107 cfu/g is unacceptable. Therefore, these foods are not bacteriologically fit for consumption. The occurrence of these bacterial isolates in the foods constitutes public health risk to consumers as these pathogens have been associated with foodborne infections Therefore, government should enforce strong food safety regulations for street foods vendors. In addition, street food vendors need to be educated on food safety and hygienic practices
Mars Climate Sounder Observations of Gravity-wave Activity throughout Mars’s Lower Atmosphere
Authors: Heavens Nicholas G. , Pankine Alexey , Battalio J. Michael , Wright Corwin , Kass David M. , Kleinböhl Armin , Piqueux Sylvain , Schofield John T.
Published: March 2022

Gravity waves are one way Mars’s lower atmospheric weather can affect the circulation and even composition of Mars’s middle and upper atmosphere. A recent study showed how on-planet observations near the center of the 15 μm CO2 band by the A3 channel (635–665 cm−1) of the Mars Climate Sounder on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter could sense horizontally short, vertically broad gravity waves at ≈25 km above the surface by looking at small-scale radiance variability in temperature-sensitive channels. This approach is extended here to two additional channels closer to the wings of the 15 μm CO2 band, A1 (595–615 cm−1) and A2 (615–645 cm−1), to sense gravity waves throughout the lower atmosphere. Using information from all three channels demonstrates that gravity-wave activity in Mars’s lowermost atmosphere is dominated by orographic sources, particularly over the extremely rough terrain of Valles Marineris. Much of this orographic population is either trapped or filtered in the lowest two scale heights, such that variations in filtering and nonorographic sources shape the gravity-wave population observed at 25 km above the surface. During global dust storms, however, gravity-wave activity in the first scale height decreases by approximately a factor of 2, yet trapping/filtering of what activity remains in the tropics substantially weakens. Exceptionally high radiance variability at night in the tropics during the less dusty part of the year is the result of observing mesospheric clouds rather than gravity waves.
Penser le lien entre éthique écologique et éthique biomédicale
Authors: Saintôt Bruno
Published: March 2022

L’article précise les contextes et les significations des deux concepts de bioéthique créés respectivement par le pasteur Fritz Jahr (1895-1953) et l’oncologue Van Rensselaer Potter (1911-2001) à plus de quarante ans de distance. Ces précisions permettent d’amorcer une réflexion sur le lien entre éthique écologique et éthique biomédicale en insistant sur les conditions d’ouverture et de réceptivité du sujet moral, et sur la nécessité d’une anthropologie articulant de façon cohérente ces deux éthiques qui, trop souvent, sont encore dissociées.
Écologie et bioéthique. Un regard théologique
Authors: Euvé François
Published: March 2022

Écologie et bioéthique procèdent toutes les deux d’un regard critique sur la transformation du monde par les techniques humaines. Or l’idée d’une transformation de la nature évoque une certaine lecture de la théologie de la création qui, à partir de l’affirmation d’une liberté créatrice, valorise la puissance conférée à l’homme. La question est alors celle de la limite qu’il convient de poser à cette action afin de réaliser l’alliance entre les créatures.
De quoi nous menace la technique ?
Authors: Lavignotte Stéphane
Published: March 2022

De quoi la technique nous menace-t-elle ? Cette question semble opposer des auteurs catholiques nourris de théologie naturelle tout en se référant à Jacques Ellul et l’œuvre de ce dernier où toute théologie naturelle est pourtant rejetée. Pour les premiers, la technique menace une nature humaine ordonnée par une loi naturelle, pour le second la liberté de l’humain. Au-delà de cette difficulté initiale, il s’agit de relever chez Jacques Ellul mais aussi chez l’un de ses contemporains protestants aujourd’hui oublié, André Dumas, comment la capacité de maîtrise et d’orientation de l’humain sur le vivant invite à passer d’une bioéthique à une éthique du bios diversifié où chaque être vivant doit trouver son habiter et les vivants leur convivialité.
La renommée dans l’ancien stoïcisme et le stoïcisme intermédiaire : retour sur un indifférent préférable
Authors: Pepino Fabien
Published: March 2022

Cette contribution se propose d’étudier la place qu’occupe la renommée au sein du stoïcisme. Considérée par les stoïciens comme un indifférent préférable, elle a fait l’objet de discussions approfondies au cours de l’histoire de l’école. Cet article tente ainsi de proposer, à partir des sources conservées, une reconstitution terminologique diachronique des différentes notions théorisées par les stoïciens à propos de la bonne réputation. Il cherchera aussi à restituer les débats portant sur son statut au sein de la catégorie des préférables.
Multiplicity results for elliptic problems involving nonlocal integrodifferential operators without Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition
Authors: Bonaldo Lauren M. M. , Hurtado Elard J. , Miyagaki Olímpio H.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study the existence and multiplicity of weak solutions for a general class of elliptic equations \begin{document} $( \mathscr{P}_\lambda)$\end{document} in a smooth bounded domain, driven by a nonlocal integrodifferential operator \begin{document}$ \mathscr{L}_{\mathcal{A}K} $\end{document} with Dirichlet boundary conditions involving variable exponents without Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz type growth conditions. Using different versions of the Mountain Pass Theorem, as well as, the Fountain Theorem and Dual Fountain Theorem with Cerami condition, we obtain the existence of weak solutions for the problem \begin{document} $( \mathscr{P}_\lambda)$\end{document} and we show that the problem treated has at least one nontrivial solution for any parameter \begin{document}$ \lambda >0 $\end{document} small enough as well as that the solution blows up, in the fractional Sobolev norm, as \begin{document}$ \lambda \to 0 $\end{document}. Moreover, for the sublinear case, by imposing some additional hypotheses on the nonlinearity \begin{document}$ f(x,\cdot) $\end{document}, and by using a new version of the symmetric Mountain Pass Theorem due to Kajikiya [18], we obtain the existence of infinitely many weak solutions which tend to zero, in the fractional Sobolev norm, for any parameter \begin{document}$ \lambda >0 $\end{document}. As far as we know, the results of this paper are new in the literature.
Spectral stability of the curlcurl operator via uniform Gaffney inequalities on perturbed electromagnetic cavities
Authors: Lamberti Pier Domenico ,   Dipartimento di Tecnica e Gestione dei Sistemi Industriali (DTG), University of Padova, Stradella S. Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy, Zaccaron Michele ,   Dipartimento di Matematica 'Tullio Levi-Civita', University of Padova, Via Trieste 63, 35121 Padova, Italy
Published: March 2022

We prove spectral stability results for the $ curl curl $ operator subject to electric boundary conditions on a cavity upon boundary perturbations. The cavities are assumed to be sufficiently smooth but we impose weak restrictions on the strength of the perturbations. The methods are of variational type and are based on two main ingredients: the construction of suitable Piola-type transformations between domains and the proof of uniform Gaffney inequalities obtained by means of uniform a priori $ H^2 $-estimates for the Poisson problem of the Dirichlet Laplacian. The uniform a priori estimates are proved by using the results of V. Maz'ya and T. Shaposhnikova based on Sobolev multipliers. Connections to boundary homogenization problems are also indicated.
Challenges to Achieving Universal Health Coverage Throughout the World: A Systematic Review
Authors: Darrudi Alireza , Ketabchi Khoonsari Mohammad Hossein , Tajvar Maryam
Published: March 2022

Objectives: No systematic review has explored the challenges related to worldwide universal health coverage (UHC). This study reviewed challenges on the road to UHC.Methods: A systematic electronic search of all studies that identified the challenges of worldwide UHC was conducted, without any restrictions related to the publication date or language. A hand search and a bibliographic search were also conducted to identify which texts to include in this study. These sources and citations yielded a total of 2500 articles, only 26 of which met the inclusion criteria. Relevant data from these papers were extracted, summarized, grouped, and reported in tables.Results: Of the 26 included studies, 7 (27%) were reviews, 6 (23%) were reports, and 13 (50%) had another type of study design. The publication dates of the included studies ranged from 2011 to 2020. Nine studies (35%) were published in 2019. Using the World Health Organization conceptual model, data on all of the challenges related to UHC in terms of the 4 functions of health systems (stewardship, creating resource, financing, and delivering services) were extracted from the included studies and reported.Conclusions: This study provides a straightforward summary of previous studies that explored the challenges related to UHC and conducted an in-depth analysis of viable solutions.