bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cam_Gate System in Product Quality Control, Optimal Selection of Inspecting-Sorting Automatic Machines
Authors: Łasiński Krzysztof
Published: March 2013

The paper addresses the possibilities of applying the cam_gate system to product quality control. Particular attention is paid to the concept of the test stand simulating the operation of the product quality control automatic machine with the use of the CCD camera. Dimensional parameters of rollers were measured by means of a micrometer screw and the CCD camera at the simulation stand in the cam_gate system and the results of measurements were compared. The paper presents the cost system structure of an enterprises and factors affecting the selection of inspecting-sorting automatic machines in the aspect of the prescribed quality parameters which condition the optimal selection.
Force Controllers for AMB Systems with Position and Current Feedback
Authors: Jastrzębski Rafał P. , Smirnov Alexander , Pyrhönen Olli
Published: March 2013

In this paper, the state-of-the-art AMB controller structure, with an outer centralized position control loop with reference currents and inner current control loops, is replaced with an outer control loop with force references and inner flux control loops. The linearization of the force actuators and different control schemes of the centralized outer control for the radial suspension are considered. The operation of the proposed control under a zero bias is verified by simulations. The proposed control solution can achieve a dynamic performance comparable with that of a controller with the classical bias current.
A Method for Shaping the Dynamic Characteristics of Vibration Isolation Systems
Authors: Maciejewski Igor
Published: March 2013

In this paper a method for shaping the dynamic characteristics of vibration isolation systems is presented. The multi-criteria optimisation procedure is utilized in order to find the Pareto-optimal system configuration with simultaneous minimization of conflicted optimisation criteria: the isolated body acceleration and suspension travel. As an example of the proposed method, the seat with a pneuma-hydraulic suspension is investigated and its vibro-isolation properties are shaped by an appropriate selection of the system characteristics. The basic findings of the paper consist in the optimisation procedure that takes into account the nonlinear dynamic behaviour of vibration isolation systems.
Mechanical Subsystem as Implementation of Active Reduction of Vibration
Authors: Białas Katarzyna
Published: March 2013

The main objective of this work is to present a reverse task of the dynamics of discrete vibratory mechanical systems. This task is reverse to analysis and is called structural and parametric synthesis. As a result of performing the synthesis one obtains a structure and values of individual parameters of the system of required properties. Such properties refer to the determination of individual frequencies of the system vibration. Synthesis is divided into two stages. The first stage consists in definition of the structure as well as the values of parameters of a passive system without vibration reduction. In the second phase, one selects a method of vibration reduction as well as system structure and parameters with vibration-reducing elements. In case of already-existing systems, the first stage consists in the identification of the system and its analysis. There are no changes in the second stage (Figure 1) [. Another objective of this work is to use mechanical elements in the form of kinematic excitations as the implementation of active reduction of vibration as well as to check the influence of this subsystem on the basic system. The application of the synthesis presented in this work enables the correction of the already-existing machines and devices as well as the modification of newly-created systems with the view of their future functioning.
Analysis of the Kinematics of an Eight-Wheeled Mobile Platform
Authors: Stania Marek
Published: March 2013

This paper presents the modeling problem connected with the autonomous transport vehicle designed at Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten. The forward and inverse kinematics problem of eight-wheeled autonomous transport vehicle have been formulated and solved, additionally examples of simulation results representing the changes of individual motion parameters have been presented. Contact phenomenon between foundation and drive wheel has been taken into account in the kinematics model. Motion trajectory and velocity of the selected point belonging to the platform have been intended while the inverse kinematics problem has been solved. The forward kinematics problem has been worked out in order to verify correctness of the studied kinematics model. The presented simulation results point out compatibility of the worked out kinematics model of investigated object. The worked out models allow carrying out analysis of object motion through simulation investigations on the basis of proposed computational model.
Primary NK/T cell lymphoma nasal type of the colon
Authors: Mahuad Carolina Valeria , Bilbao Érica Rojas , Garate Gonzalo Martín , de los Ángeles Vicente Repáraz María , del Olmo Mercedes , Casali Claudia Érica , Zerga Marta Elisa , Chirife Ana María , Cicco Juan Alberto
Published: March 2013

Since nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma and NK/T-cell lymphoma nasal type are rare diseases, colonic involvement has seldom been seen. We report a case of a patient with a primary NK/T-cell lymphoma nasal type of the colon. The patient had no history of malignant diseases and was diagnosed after exhaustive study in the context of fever of unknown origin. The first therapeutic approach followed the DA-EPOCH-protocol: etoposide, prednisone, doxor-rubicin, vincristine and cyclophosphamide. The persistence of constitutional symptoms after the first treatment course motivated the switch to a second line following the SMILE-protocol: dexamethasone, metotrexate, ifosfamide, E.coli L-asparaginase, and etoposide. Despite intensive chemotherapy, the patient died 2 months after the diagnose of an extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of the colon and 4 months after the first symptomatic appearance of disease.
A Rapid Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Betaxolol Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Tablets
Authors: Auvity Sylvain , Chiadmi Fouad , Cisternino Salvatore , Fontan Jean-Eudes , Schlatter Joël
Published: March 2013

A stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed for the determination of betaxolol hydrochloride, a drug used in the treatment of hypertension and glaucoma. The desired chromatographic separation was achieved on a Nucleosil C18, 4 μm (150 × 4.6 mm) column, using isocratic elution at a 220 nm detector wavelength. The optimized mobile phase consisted of a 0.02 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate: methanol (40:60, v/v, pH 3.0 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid) as solvent. The flow rate was 1.6 mL/min and the retention time of betaxolol hydrochloride was 1.72 min. The linearity for betaxolol hydrochloride was in the range of 25 to 200 μg/mL. Recovery for betaxolol hydrochloride was calculated as 100.01%-101.35%. The stability-indicating capability was established by forced degradation experiments and the separation of unknown degradation products. The developed RP-HPLC method was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. This validated method was applied for the estimation of betaxolol hydrochloride in commercially available tablets.
Two hundred fifty years of aerosols and climate: the end of the age of aerosols
Authors: Smith S. J. , Bond T. C.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Carbonaceous and sulfur aerosols have a substantial global and regional influence on climate, resulting in a net cooling to date, in addition to their impact on health and ecosystems. The magnitude of this influence has changed substantially over the past and is expected to continue to change into the future. An integrated picture of the changing climatic influence of black carbon, organic carbon and sulfate over the period 1850 through 2100, focusing on uncertainty, is presented using updated historical inventories and a coordinated set of emission projections. We describe, in detail, the aerosol emissions from the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario and its associated reference scenario. While aerosols have had a substantial impact on climate over the past century, we show that, by the end of the 21st century aerosols will likely be only a minor contributor to radiative forcing due to increases in greenhouse gas forcing and a net global decrease in pollutant emissions. This outcome is even more certain under a successful implementation of a policy to limit greenhouse gas emissions as low-carbon energy technologies that do not emit appreciable aerosol or SO2 are deployed.
European atmosphere in 2050, a regional air quality and climate perspective under CMIP5 scenarios
Authors: Colette A. , Bessagnet B. , Vautard R. , Szopa S. , Rao S. , Schucht S. , Klimont Z. , Menut L. , Clain G. , Meleux F. , Rouïl L.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. To quantify changes in air pollution in Europe at the 2050 horizon, we designed a comprehensive modelling system that captures the external factors considered to be most relevant and relies on up-to-date and consistent sets of air pollution and climate policy scenarios. Global and regional climate as well as global chemistry simulations are based on the recent Representative Concentrations Pathways (RCP) produced for the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of IPCC whereas regional air quality modelling is based on the updated emissions scenarios produced in the framework of the Global Energy Assessment. We explored two diverse scenarios: a reference scenario where climate policies are absent and a mitigation scenario which limits global temperature rise to within 2 °C by the end of this century. This first assessment of projected air quality and climate at the regional scale based on CMIP5 (5th Climate Model Intercomparison Project) climate simulations is in line with the existing literature using CMIP3. The discrepancy between air quality simulations obtained with a climate model or with meteorological reanalyses is pointed out. Sensitivity simulations show that the main factor driving future air quality projections is air pollutant emissions, rather than climate change or long range transport. Whereas the well documented "climate penalty" bearing upon ozone over Europe is confirmed, other features appear less robust compared to the literature: such as the impact of climate on PM2.5. The quantitative disentangling of each contributing factor shows that the magnitude of the ozone climate penalty has been overstated in the past while on the contrary the contribution of the global ozone burden is overlooked in the literature.
Projected effect of 2000–2050 changes in climate and emissions on aerosol levels in China and associated transboundary transport
Authors: Jiang H. , Liao H. , Pye H. O. T. , Wu S. , Mickley L. J. , Seinfeld J. H. , Zhang X.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. We investigate the 2000–2050 changes in concentrations of aerosols in China and the associated transboundary aerosol transport by using the chemical transport model GEOS-Chem driven by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) general circulation model (GCM) 3 at 4° × 5° resolution. Future changes in climate and emissions projected by the IPCC A1B scenario are imposed separately and together through sensitivity simulations. Accounting for sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC) aerosols, concentrations of individual aerosol species change by −2.3 to +1.7 μg m−3 and PM2.5 levels are projected to change by about 10–20% in eastern China as a result of 2000–2050 change in climate alone. With future changes in anthropogenic emissions alone, concentrations of sulfate, BC, and OC are simulated to decrease because of reductions in emissions, and those of nitrate are predicted to increase because of higher NOx emissions combined with decreases in sulfate. The net result is a reduction of seasonal mean PM2.5 concentrations in eastern China by 2–9.5 μg m−3 (or 10–30%) over 2000–2050. It is noted that current emission inventories for BC and OC over China are found to be inadequate at present. Transboundary fluxes of different aerosol species show different sensitivities to future changes in climate and emissions. The annual outflow of PM2.5 from eastern China to the western Pacific is estimated to change by −6.0%, −1.5%, and −9.0% over 2000–2050 owing to climate change alone, changes in emissions alone, and changes in both climate and emissions, respectively. The fluxes of nitrate and ammonium aerosols from Europe and Central Asia into western China increase over 2000–2050 by changes in emissions, leading to a 15% increase in annual inflow of PM2.5 to western China with future changes in both emissions and climate. Fluxes of BC and OC from South Asia to China in spring contribute to a large fraction of the annual inflow of PM2.5. The annual inflow of PM2.5 from South Asia and Southeast Asia to China is estimated to change by −55%, +133%, and +63% over 2000–2050 owing to climate change alone, changes in emissions alone, and changes in both climate and emissions, respectively. While the 4° × 5° spatial resolution is a limitation of the present study, the direction of predicted changes in aerosol levels and transboundary fluxes still provides valuable insight into future air quality.
Inverting for volcanic SO2 flux at high temporal resolution using spaceborne plume imagery and chemistry-transport modelling: the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption case-study
Authors: Boichu M. , Menut L. , Khvorostyanov D. , Clarisse L. , Clerbaux C. , Turquety S. , Coheur P.-F.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Depending on the magnitude of their eruptions, volcanoes impact the atmosphere at various temporal and spatial scales. The volcanic source remains a major unknown to rigorously assess these impacts. At the scale of an eruption, the limited knowledge of source parameters, including time-variations of erupted mass flux and emission profile, currently represents the greatest issue that limits the reliability of volcanic cloud forecasts. Today, a growing number of satellite and remote sensing observations of distant plumes are becoming available, bringing indirect information on these source terms. Here, we develop an inverse modeling approach combining satellite observations of the volcanic plume with an Eulerian regional chemistry-transport model (CHIMERE) to better characterise the volcanic SO2 emissions during an eruptive crisis. The May 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull is a perfect case-study to apply this method as the volcano emitted substantial amounts of SO2 during more than a month. We take advantage of the SO2 column amounts provided by a vast set of IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) satellite images to reconstruct retrospectively the time-series of the mid-tropospheric SO2 flux emitted by the volcano with a temporal resolution of ~2 h, spanning the period from 1 to 12 May 2010. The initialisation of chemistry-transport modelling with this reconstructed source allows for a reliable simulation of the evolution of the long-lived tropospheric SO2 cloud over thousands of kilometres. Heterogeneities within the plume, which mainly result from the temporal variability of the emissions, are correctly tracked over a time scale of a week. The robustness of our approach is also demonstrated by the broad similarities between the SO2 flux history determined by this study and the ash discharge behaviour estimated by other means during the phases of high explosive activity at Eyjafjallajökull in May 2010. Finally, we show how a sequential IASI data assimilation allows for a substantial improvement in the forecasts of the location and concentration of the plume compared to an approach assuming constant flux at the source. As the SO2 flux is an important indicator of the volcanic activity, this approach is also of interest to monitor poorly instrumented volcanoes from space.
Measurements of atmospheric aerosol vertical distributions above Svalbard, Norway using unmanned aerial systems (UAS)
Authors: Bates T. S. , Quinn P. K. , Johnson J. E. , Corless A. , Brechtel F. J. , Stalin S. E. , Meinig C. , Burkhart J. F.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol vertical distributions were measured above Svalbard, Norway in April 2011 during the Cooperative Investigation of Climate-Cryosphere Interactions campaign (CICCI). Measurements were made of the particle number concentration and the aerosol light absorption coefficient at three wavelengths. A filter sample was collected on each flight at the altitude of maximum particle number concentration. The filters were analyzed for major anions and cations. The aerosol payload was flown in a NOAA/PMEL MANTA Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). A total of 18 flights were flown during the campaign totaling 38 flight hours. The data show frequent aerosol layers aloft with high particle number concentration (1000 cm−3 and enhanced aerosol light absorption (1 Mm−1). Air mass histories of these aerosol layers were assessed using FLEXPART particle dispersion modeling. The data contribute to an assessment of sources of BC to the Arctic and potential climate impacts.
Distribution of the Fukushima-derived radionuclides in seawater in the Pacific off the coast of Miyagi, Fukushima, and Ibaraki Prefectures, Japan
Authors: Oikawa S. , Takata H. , Watabe T. , Misonoo J. , Kusakabe M.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The activities of artificial radionuclides in seawater samples collected off the coast of Miyagi, Fukushima, and Ibaraki Prefectures were measured as part of a monitoring program initiated by the Japanese government Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Technology immediately after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. The spatial and temporal distributions of those activities are summarized herein. The activities of strontium-90, iodine-131, cesium-134 and -137 (i.e. 90Sr, 131I, 134Cs, and 137Cs) derived from the accident were detected in seawater samples taken from areas of the coastal ocean adjacent to the power plant. No 131I was detected in surface waters (≤ 5 m depth) or in intermediate and bottom waters after 30 April 2011. Strontium-90 was found in surface waters collected from a few sampling stations in mid-August 2011 to mid-December 2011. Temporal changes of 90Sr activity in surface waters were evident, although the 90Sr activity at a given time varied widely between sampling stations. The activity of 90Sr in surface waters decreased slowly over time, and by the end of December 2011 had reached background levels recorded before the accident. Radiocesium, 134Cs and 137Cs, was found in seawater samples immediately after the accident. There was a remarkable change in 137Cs activities in surface waters during the first 7 months (March through September 2011) after the accident; the activity reached a maximum in the middle of April and thereafter decreased exponentially with time. Qualitatively, the distribution patterns in surface waters suggested that in early May 137Cs-polluted water was advected northward; some of the water then detached and was transported to the south. Two cores of the water with high 137Cs activity persisted at least until July 2011. In subsurface waters 137Cs activity was first detected in the beginning of April 2011, and the water masses were characterized by σt (an indicator of density) values of 25.5–26.5. From 9–14 May to 5–16 December 2011, the depths of the water masses increased with time, an indication that deepening of the isopycnals with time can be an important mechanism for the transport of 137Cs downward in coastal waters. During 4–21 February 2012, the water column became vertically homogeneous, probably because of convective mixing during the winter, the result being nearly constant values of 137Cs activity throughout the water column from the surface to the bottom (~200 m depth) at each station.
Assimilating water column and satellite data for marine export production estimation
Authors: Yao X. , Schlitzer R.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Recent advances in satellite retrieval methodology now allow estimation of particular organic carbon (POC) concentration in ocean surface waters directly from satellite-based optical data. Because of the good coverage these data reveal small-scale spatial and temporal concentration gradients and document the evolution of surface water POC as well as the underlying driving biogeochemical processes throughout the seasons. Water column nutrient data also reveal biogeochemical activity. However, because of the scarcity of data the deduction of temporal changes of particle production and export are not possible in most parts of the ocean. Here we present first results from a new study combining both data streams thereby exploiting the high spatio-temporal resolution of surface POC concentrations from satellite optical sensors with water column nutrient data having sparser coverage but providing information throughout the entire water column. We use a medium-resolution global model with steady-state 3-D circulation that has been optimized by fitting to a large number of hydrographic parameters and tracers, including CFCs and natural radiocarbon. Production and export of POC is allowed to vary monthly, and the magnitudes of the monthly export fluxes are determined by fitting the model to satellite POC data as well as water column nutrient data using the adjoint method. Two cases have been investigated: (1) the production rate of POC is set to be proportional to export production EP and the seasonal changes are assumed sinusoidal (meridionally varying amplitude and phase) and (2) the POC production rate is linked to primary production rates (literature). Both cases were run with the same initial state and model settings, and show total cost function decreases of 12 and 95%, respectively. The POC misfit term alone decreased by 75 and 99%. The integrated annual global POC exports of the two cases are 9.9 Gt C yr−1 and 12.3 Gt C yr−1, respectively. Overall, the remaining POC and phosphate misfits of both solutions are considered too large and the difference fields still exhibit significant systematic geographical patterns. This indicates that the present model runs are too simplistic and do not fully explain the data. Further, more refined model setups are needed.
Technical Note: A comparison of model and empirical measures of catchment scale effective energy and mass transfer
Authors: Rasmussen C. , Gallo E. L.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Recent work suggests that a coupled energy and mass transfer term (EEMT), that includes the energy associated with effective precipitation and primary production, may serve as a robust prediction parameter of critical zone structure and function. However, the models used to estimate EEMT have been solely based on long term climatological data with little validation using point to catchment scale empirical data. Here we compare catchment scale EEMT estimates generated using two distinct approaches: (1) EEMT modelled using the established methodology based on estimates of monthly effective precipitation and net primary production derived from climatological data, and (2) empirical catchment scale EEMT estimated using data from 86 catchments of the Model Parameterization Experiment (MOPEX) and MOD17A3 annual net primary production (NPP) product derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Results indicated positive and significant linear correspondence between model and empirical measures but with modelled EEMT values consistently greater than empirical measures of EEMT. Empirical catchment estimates of the energy associated with effective precipitation (EPPT) were calculated using a mass balance approach and base flow that accounts for water losses to quick surface runoff not accounted for in the climatologically modelled EPPT. Similarly, local controls on primary production such as solar radiation and nutrient limitation were not explicitly included in the climatologically based estimates of energy associated with primary production (EBIO) whereas these were captured in the remotely sensed MODIS NPP data. There was significant positive correlation between catchment aridity and the fraction of total energy partitioned into EBIO, where the EBIO increases as the average percentage catchment woody plant cover decreases. In summary, the data indicated strong correspondence between model and empirical measures of EEMT that agree well with catchment energy and water partitioning and plant cover.
The impact of forest regeneration on streamflow in 12 meso-scale humid tropical catchments
Authors: Beck H. E. , Bruijnzeel L. A. , van Dijk A. I. J. M. , McVicar T. R. , Scatena F. N. , Schellekens J.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. Although regenerating forests make up an increasingly large portion of humid tropical landscapes, comparatively little is known of their water use and effects on streamflow (Q). Since the 1950s the island of Puerto Rico has experienced widespread abandonment of pastures and agricultural lands, followed by forest regeneration. This paper examines the possible impacts of forest regeneration on several Q metrics for 12 meso-scale catchments (23–346 km2; mean precipitation 1720–3422 mm yr−1) with long (33–51 yr) and simultaneous records for Q, precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (PET), and land cover. A simple spatially-lumped, conceptual rainfall-runoff model that uses daily P and PET time series as inputs (HBV-light) was used to simulate Q for each catchment. Annual time series of observed and simulated values of four Q metrics were calculated. A least-squares trend was fitted through annual time series of the residual difference between observed and simulated time series of each Q metric. From this the total cumulative change Â was calculated, representing the change in each metric after controlling for climate variability and water storage carry-over effects between years. Negative values of Â were found for most catchments and Q metrics, suggesting enhanced actual evapotranspiration overall following forest regeneration. However, correlations between changes in urban or forest area and values of Â were insignificant (p ≥ 0.389) for all Q metrics. This suggests there is no convincing evidence that changes in the chosen Q metrics in these Puerto Rican catchments can be ascribed to changes in urban or forest area. The present results are in line with previous studies of meso- and macro-scale (sub-)tropical catchments, which generally found no significant change in Q that can be attributed to changes in forest cover. Possible explanations for the apparent lack of a clear signal may include: errors in the land-cover, climate, Q, and/or catchment boundary data; changes in forest area occurring mainly in the less rainy lowlands; and heterogeneity in catchment response. Different results were obtained for different catchments, and using a smaller subset of catchments could have led to very different conclusions. This highlights the importance of including multiple catchments in land-cover impact analysis at the meso scale.
Extreme wave events in Ireland: 14 680 BP–2012
Authors: O'Brien L. , Dudley J. M. , Dias F.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The island of Ireland is battered by waves from all sides, most ferociously on the west coast as the first port of call for waves travelling across the Atlantic Ocean. However, when discussing ocean events relevant to the nation of Ireland, one must actually consider its significantly larger designated continental shelf, which is one of the largest seabed territories in Europe. With this expanded definition, it is not surprising that Ireland has been subject to many oceanic events which could be designated as "extreme"; in this paper we present what we believe to be the first catalogue of such events, dating as far back as the turn of the last ice age.
Reconstruction of the 1945 Wieringermeer Flood
Authors: Hoes O. A. C. , Hut R. W. , van de Giesen N. C. , Boomgaard M.
Published: March 2013

Abstract. The present state-of-the-art in flood risk assessment focuses on breach models, flood propagation models, and economic modelling of flood damage. However, models need to be validated with real data to avoid erroneous conclusions. Such reference data can either be historic data, or can be obtained from controlled experiments. The inundation of the Wieringermeer polder in the Netherlands in April 1945 is one of the few examples for which sufficient historical information is available. The objective of this article is to compare the flood simulation with flood data from 1945. The context, the breach growth process and the flood propagation are explained. Key findings for current flood risk management addresses the importance of the drainage canal network during the inundation of a polder, and the uncertainty that follows from not knowing the breach growth parameters. This case study shows that historical floods provide valuable data for the validation of models and reveal lessons that are applicable in current day flood risk management.
Whole Body Hyperthermia by Extracorporeal Circulation in Spontaneously Breathing Sarcoma Patients: Hemodynamics and Oxygen Metabolism
Authors: Locker Gottfried J. , Fuchs Eva-Maria , Worel Nina , Bojic Andja , Heinrich Gerhard , Brodowicz Thomas , Clodi Martin , Funk Georg-Christian , Knöbl Paul , Zielinski Christoph C. , Köstler Wolfgang J.
Published: March 2013

Purpose

This phase I study was performed to evaluate the feasibility and toxicity of a new method of extracorporeal perfusion-induced whole body hyperthermia (WBHT) in patients with advanced sarcoma avoiding the need of intubation and general anesthesia.

Methods

One double-lumen femoral venous access was inserted by Seldinger's technique to obtain WBHT (41.8°C for 120 minutes) via an extracorporeal circuit. No concomitant chemotherapy was applied. Up to 4 treatments of WBHT were performed under moderate sedation in 6 spontaneously breathing patients. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring was performed by use of a pulmonary artery catheter.

Results

After their first WBHT session, 2 patients were excluded from further treatment due to transient liver toxicity or catheter-related complication, so a total of 12 cycles remained for analyses. In all patients, conscious sedation resulted in sufficient spontaneous respiration without the need for mandatory ventilation. Median time to reach the target temperature was 84 minutes (range 60–142). Hemodynamic changes revealed the expected hyperdynamic state: heart rate, cardiac index, and stroke volume index significantly increased (p<0.05), whereas blood pressure and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance index significantly decreased (p<0.05). A net fluid balance of 5822+1766 mL as well as norepinephrine (mean; 0.062 μg·kg1·min−1) were necessary to maintain the mean arterial blood pressure >60 mmHg.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate the feasibility of this method of extracorporeal WBHT without mandatory ventilation. Hemodynamic side effects in spontaneously breathing patients during perfusion-induced WBHT seem less severe than those observed in radiant heat WBHT.
Sperm whales of the Southeast Pacific. Part VII. Reproduction and growth in the female
Authors: Clarke Robert , Paliza Obla , Van Waerebeek Koen
Published: March 2013

This report on the reproduction and growth of the female sperm whale Physeter catodon is Part VII of our work on this whale in the Southeast Pacific. There were 1105 female sperm whales in our sample collected from two whaling stations in Chile and two in Peru. Since Clarke and Paliza (1972) have shown that they belonged to a single stock, we have worked them together. A second Graafian follicle develops more than the others in each ovary so to improve the possibility of fertilization in case the first ovum fails to be impregnated. We consider the size of the Graafian follicle at, or near, ovulation to be around 100mm, larger than what has been found in sperm whales from other seas. The corpus luteum of pregnancy is significantly larger than the corpus luteum of ovulation. The corpus albicans reduces in size throughout the life of the whale and probably does not disappear. There is a highly significant correlation between the total number of corpora and age: therefore we use the number of corpora as an indication of age. The corpora atretica are more frequent in older female sperm whales reflecting less fertility in this group. The sexual cycle in sperm whales of the Southeast Pacific has been revised to last 4yrs. Sexual maturity in female sperm whales is attained at 8.2m long and 6.5yrs of age, being both values lower than in sperm whales from other seas. The female sperm whale is born at 3.90m. The incidence of twins, 0.91%, is higher than in other seas. Fertility is low in very young whales (1-2 ovarian corpora) and it is at its lowest in the older group (over 12 corpora). The highest fertility is when females have 3-10 ovarian corpora and they are 15 to 35yrs old. The proportion of active females in pre oestrus during the months of pairing is significantly higher than during the other months. Accessory ovulations during oestrus are represented by the small groups of lactating-and-recently ovulated and lactating-and-pregnant whales. Unsuccessful ovulations are more frequent in late lactation and late resting periods, being post-partum ovulation rare. Female sperm whales in the Southeast Pacific may ovulate up to four and possibly five times during an oestrus. Physical maturity is attained at 11.2m long and 33.5yrs old. Fusion of the vertebrae begins at both ends of the vertebral column and finishes between the posterior thoracic and the lumbar vertebrae. Female sperm whales of the Southeast Pacific may live, at least, up to 50yrs of age. The age at recruitment between 1959 and 1962 was 20-21yrs of age when they had accumulated 4–5 corpora in their ovaries.
Skryté kurikulum vo svetle metodologického holizmu a metodologického individualizmu
Authors: Bomba L.
Published: March 2013

Štúdia analyzuje problém skrytého kurikula v škole ako problém teoretickometodologický. Porovnáva individualistické a holistické prístupy pri skúmaní, meraní a analyzovaní skrytého kurikula. Cieľom štúdie je ukázať, že nezrovnalosti v chápaní a v definovaní skrytého kurikula pramenia z jeho paradigmatického neukotvenia, a to ako teoretického, tak metodologického. V štúdii sú teórie skrytého kurikala rozdelené na dve skupiny. Teórie prvej skupiny sú charakterizované ako individualistická paradigma a teórie druhej skupiny zase ako holistická paradigma. Následne sú identifikované v týchto paradigmách základné východiská, z ktorých vychádzajú. Na príkladoch empirických štúdií sa príspevok snaží ukázať, ako je teoretický základ paradigmy aplikovaný v empirickom skúmaní skrytého kurikula. Prichádzame k záveru, že definovanie a chápanie skrytého kurikula podmieňuje metodologický prístup jeho skúmania, ktorý spätne vytvára teóriu skrytého kurikula. V individualistickej paradigme je tak skryté kurikulum chápané skôr ako súčasť každodenného procesu implicitnej socializácie dieťaťa cez jednotlivé konanie, či akty jednotlivcov, zatiaľ čo v holistickej paradigme má skryté kurikulum nadindividuálnu inštitucionalizovanú povahu ako ideológia, či mechanizmus reprodukcie.
 A inclusão escolar de um aluno com autismo: diferentes tempos de escuta, intervenção e aprendizagens
Authors: Brande Carla Andréa , Zanfelice Camila Cilene
Published: March 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X3350Este relato de experiência discorre sobre o trabalho desenvolvido com um aluno autista e sua trajetória nos primeiros anos de alfabetização. Procura, também, abordar os desafios impostos, as práticas desenvolvidas e alguns aspectos do andamento de sua inclusão na escola, com as questões que trazia, as dificuldades encontradas e as estratégias de trabalho criadas. Nesse contexto, é significativo relatar o processo de aprendizagem não somente do aluno, mas também, dos personagens envolvidos – pais, professora, escola – o qual revela momentos de inquietação, reflexão mútua e construção de novos saberes. Este trabalho destaca a experiência da escuta como algo transformador, para todos os personagens envolvidos no processo, por meio da qual é possível nos aproximar, criar, tornar-se outro para construir um novo modo de pensar e agir. Dessa forma, o relato dessa experiência é importante justamente por indicar a construção de alguns caminhos neste trabalho inclusivo na escola.Palavras-chave: Inclusão escolar. Intervenção pedagógica. Autismo.
 Conversas de aprendizagem em museus de ciências: como os deficientes visuais interpretam os materiais educativos do museu de microbiologia?
Authors: Bizerra Alessandra Fernandes , Cizauskas Juliana Bettini Verdiani , Inglez Glaucia Colli , Tino De Franco Milene
Published: March 2013

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984686X4341Os processos de divulgação e educação em Ciências vêm tomando grande importância, principalmente a partir do último quarto do século passado. Os museus de ciências, enquanto espaços de educação não formal, têm papel importante na ampliação e refinamento desses processos e, sendo locais abertos à população, são demandados a desenvolver propostas inclusivas. O Museu de Microbiologia do Instituto Butantan desenvolveu uma série de atividades e materiais educativos sobre microrganismos para facilitar a aproximação entre o público deficiente visual e a cultura científica. No presente estudo procurou-se compreender como os visitantes deficientes visuais interpretam os materiais desenvolvidos, verificar qual o entendimento que o uso desses materiais propicia e estudar os tipos de significados que lhes são dados. Pessoas com deficiência visual foram entrevistadas durante a exploração do material com o auxílio de um áudio-guia e as conversas geradas foram analisadas, estabelecendo-se categorias interpretativas. A categoria mais frequente foi a “Estratégica de Uso” (11,8%), quando os deficientes visuais manifestavam suas impressões sobre como utilizar o Programa MicroToque. Outras duas categorias, “Afetiva de Prazer” (10,2%) e “Perceptiva de Identificação” (8,6%) foram também encontradas. A junção das ferramentas tátil e auditiva foi fundamental para a resolução de problemas e criação de representações visuais, importantes para construção e compreensão de conceitos e facilitando a organização do pensamento teórico. Sugere-se aqui a necessidade de uma organização dos conteúdos que favoreça o estabelecimento de conversas interpretativas conceituais e também a consideração dos conhecimentos prévios de visitantes com deficiência visual na elaboração dos aparatos a eles destinados, o que poderia propiciar maior frequência de outras elaborações conversacionais.Palavras-chave: Deficientes visuais. Museu de Ciências. Materiais para toque. Conversas de aprendizado.
Comparative Study of Temperature and Rainfall Fluctuation in Hunza-Nagar District
Authors: Sheeba Afsar  , Nasir Abbas  , Bulbul Jan
Published: March 2013

Climate assessment essentially involves a good understanding of rainfall and temperature patterns. As such, there are many factors to be considered while studying climate. Although, temperature and rainfall are playing an extremely important and manifold role in climatic research particularly in various environmental hazards. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a forecasting model that could predict temperature and rainfall and provide timely early warning in Hunza-Nagar. In this paper temperature and rainfall dataset (2007-2011) have used and developed a quantitative treatment using different statistical methods such as regression and time series/stochastic modeling. The regression analysis proposes that the rainfall increased with increasing temperature. It also found that trends in monthly mean maximum temperature indices increase from years 2007 to 2011 while the amount of rainfall has decreased. The available data presented that AR (1) model is most adequate for a forecast of temperature. These forecasts will be useful for public, private and government organization.
Canadian Science Policy and the Retreat from Transformative Politics: The Final Years of the Science Council of Canada, 1985-1992
Authors: Clowater G. Brent
Published: March 2013

The Science Council of Canada (1966-1992) operated as an ‘arms-length’ agency providing science policy advice and recommendations to the federal government. The Council was always a voice for state interventionism. In the late 1970s, it turned to the politically sensitive issue of industrial policy and advocated a nationalistic, ‘transformative politics’ through its defense of technological sovereignty. An examination of its research and policy recommendations, and the controversies they excited, reveals that the Council’s struggle against new policy trends in its final years paralleled larger transitions in public perceptions of the role of government in Canadian society. Its 1992 dissolution symbolized Canada’s reorientation from a state-directed to a market-oriented approach to science and technology policy-making. This paper reviews the Council’s guiding philosophy and discusses its history within two larger contexts: the Canadian political debate over continentalism, and evolving conceptions of science, technology, and innovation, and the prospects for their management.
Surviving Fisheries Management: Aquaculture, Angling, and Lake Ahmic
Authors: Del Vecchio Michael
Published: March 2013

The vast majority of inland waters in Ontario have been designated as purely recreational fisheries. Environmental historians who study human-fish relations have demonstrated the influence of anglers in the establishment of fishing regulations and fisheries management policies that sought to maximize fish resources for sport fishing and fishing tourism. To achieve this goal, aquaculture programs were conducted throughout Ontario that artificially reared fish and planted them in lakes. For over a century, from approximately 1860-1960, Ontario relied on aquaculture as a blanket solution to all fishery problems. Over the past fifty years, fisheries science has questioned the ecological benefits of stocking programs. Stocking efforts in the province have been drastically reduced since the 1960s but have continued largely because of grass root initiatives from concerned anglers. Lake Ahmic is home to a small cottage community based out of the village of Magnetawan. The lake has been stocked with a variety of fish species for over a hundred years. In addition to this, several species have been accidentally introduced to Lake Ahmic altering its ecological balance. Between 1987 and 2006, a local angling organization was responsible for initiating and running a walleye-stocking program on Lake Ahmic. In 2006, to the disappointment of the local anglers and greater Magnetawan community, the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources canceled the stocking program. At the root of the discord between the community and the government is a century long history of efforts to engineer a desirable nature at Lake Ahmic, as well as shifting ideas of what this desirable nature is, and the role that science should play in bringing it about. I argue that a century of stocking fish on Lake Ahmic has reified the practice into the community’s conservation ethos. The environmental history of Lake Ahmic adds insight into the social and political tensions that have arisen as a result of the cancelation of the stocking program.
Next Stop, “Sunshine Station”: The Ontario Provincial Board of Health and the Exhibition of Tuberculosis, 1908-1929
Authors: Murdock Smith Jenna
Published: March 2013

This article examines the Ontario Provincial Board of Health and its efforts to educate the public on disease and health through visual display. From 1908 to 1929, this government body put on various tuberculosis and public health exhibits that toured the province in a railway car and reached thousands of visitors annually at the Canadian National Exhibition. Throughout this period, officials went from putting an ad-hoc mix of materials on display to designing a sophisticated, dynamic exhibit that attracted thousands of visitors and was one of the most popular spaces on the CNE grounds. Drawing on the later work of Michel Foucault, I argue that the exhibition can be seen as a device of governmentality. Through this highly constructed space, the Board attempted to cultivate a reflexive and self-watching individual who would regulate his/her own behaviour according to certain hygienic standards and, in turn, demand the same conduct of others.
Importance of male gafftopsail catfish, Bagre marinus (Pisces: Ariidae), in the reproductive process
Authors: Segura-Berttolini Elsy Consuelo , Mendoza-Carranza Manuel
Published: March 2013

The objective of this research was to analyze the role of male gafftopsail catfish, Bagre marinus, in the reproductive process. Twelve monthly samples of male B. marinus were obtained from the small-scale longline fleet operating out of the port of San Pedro in Tabasco, Mexico. Mouthbrooding males were also obtained from the illegal purse seine fishery targeting shoals of B. marinus at the mouth of the Grijalva River. Maximum reproductive activity in B. marinus (July to August) was evinced by the high gonadosomatic index values in June (0.16 ± 0.04, CI 95%), July (0.31 ± 0.03), and August (0.19 ± 0.02), by the high frequency of mature males (more than 40%) caught by the bottom-longline fleet between June and August, and by the presence of shoals of mouthbrooding males at the mouth of the Grijalva River from June to August. The eggs incubated by male B. marinus ranged from 1.4 to 1.9 cm in diameter, 1.9 cm being the most frequent (64.8%). Mouthbrooding males ranged from 36.2 to 44.0 cm total length and could carry from 17 to 40 eggs of 1.9 cm diameter. The reproductive strategy of mouthbrooding gives B. marinus survival advantages in a marine-estuarine environment; however, this strategy also represents a severe risk because shoals of mouthbrooding males are traceable by fishermen, resulting in high mortalities and, consequently, a high loss of eggs and embryos.
Influence of the environmental characteristics of mangrove forests on recent benthic foraminifera in the Gulf of Urabá, Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Gómez Eliana , Bernal Gladys
Published: March 2013

Mangrove forests with different characteristics have developed in the Gulf of Urabá (Colombia). Eighty-two sediment samples were studied for species of foraminifera and their environmental dependence. Ten agglutinated species and one calcareous species dominated in these mangroves. Foraminifera were absent in mangrove areas exposed to high hydraulic energy (waves) or high human affectation. Two characteristic assemblages were found. The first one, represented by Milliammina fusca, the most dominant species, was related to finer substrates and lower salinities. The second one, represented by Ammonia beccarii, the most common calcareous species, was found in polluted low-oxygen environments. Haplophragmoides canariensis and Trochammina squamata, small species, showed a preference for places with abundant organic matter. A conceptual model is proposed that relates the benthic foraminifera to the hydrodynamics, grain size, organic matter content, and pollution.