bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging Research to Operations Transitions: Status and Plans of Community GSI
Authors: Shao Hui , Derber John , Huang Xiang-Yu , Hu Ming , Newman Kathryn , Stark Donald , Lueken Michael , Zhou Chunhua , Nance Louisa , Kuo Ying-Hwa , Brown Barbara
Published: September 2015

With a goal of improving operational numerical weather prediction (NWP), the Developmental Testbed Center (DTC) has been working with operational centers, including, among others, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the U.S. Air Force, to support numerical models/systems and their research, perform objective testing and evaluation of NWP methods, and facilitate research-to-operations transitions. This article introduces the first attempt of the DTC in the data assimilation area to help achieve this goal. Since 2009, the DTC, NCEP’s Environmental Modeling Center (EMC), and other developers have made significant progress in transitioning the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system into a community-based code management framework. Currently, GSI is provided to the public with user support and is open for contributions from internal developers as well as the broader research community, following the same code transition procedures. This article introduces measures and steps taken during this community GSI effort followed by discussions of encountered challenges and issues. The purpose of this article is to promote contributions from the research community to operational data assimilation capabilities and, furthermore, to seek potential solutions to stimulate such a transition and, eventually, improve the NWP capabilities in the United States.
The North American Cordillera—An Impediment to Growing the Continent-Wide Laurentide Ice Sheet
Authors: Löfverström Marcus , Liakka Johan , Kleman Johan
Published: September 2015

This study examines the evolution of a continental-scale ice sheet on a triangular representation of North America, with and without the influence of the Cordilleran region. Simulations are conducted using a comprehensive atmospheric general circulation model asynchronously coupled to a three-dimensional thermomechanical ice-sheet model. The atmospheric state is updated for every 2 × 106 km3 increase in ice volume, and the coupled model is integrated to steady state. In the first experiment a flat continent with no background topography is used. The ice sheet evolves fairly zonally symmetric, and the equilibrium state is continent-wide and has the highest point in the center of the continent. This equilibrium ice sheet forces an anticyclonic circulation that results in relatively warmer (cooler) summer surface temperatures in the northwest (southeast), owing to warm (cold) air advection and radiative heating due to reduced cloudiness. The second experiment includes a simplified representation of the Cordilleran region. The ice sheet’s equilibrium state is here structurally different from the flat continent case; the center of mass is strongly shifted to the east and the interior of the continent remains ice free—an outline broadly resembling the geologically determined ice margin in Marine Isotope Stage 4. The limited glaciation in the continental interior is the result of warm summer surface temperatures primarily due to stationary waves and radiative feedbacks.
Envisioning the Future of Special Education Personnel Preparation in a Standards-Based Era
Authors: Leko Melinda M. , Brownell Mary T. , Sindelar Paul T. , Kiely Mary Theresa
Published: September 2015

The authors consider the future of special education personnel preparation by responding to an overarching question: What frameworks might teacher educators use as a basis to promote special education teacher effective performance now and in the future? In answering this question, they summarize current trends in the context of schooling and special education (i.e., Common Core State Standards [CCSS], multi-tiered systems of support [MTSS]) and what these contexts demand of special education teachers. The authors propose a practice-based model for fostering effective special education teacher performance. Grounded in the science of learning, the model includes approaches in teacher education that align with this literature. Implications for implementing the model are provided, which recognize current constraints on schools and colleges of education, to better promote this model for fostering effective performance.
Eugenol and carvone as relaxants of arsenic and mercury hypercontracted rat trachea
Authors: Kundu Swati , Shabir Hiba , Basir Seemi F , Khan Luqman A
Published: September 2015

Exposure to arsenic and mercury is known to cause respiratory problems in both humans and animals. In this study, we elicit and compare maximum contraction caused by As(III) and Hg(II) when the pollutants are fully equilibrated with contractile machinery in resting mode. Hypercontraction of 27% and 69% was obtained following exposure of tracheal rings to 25 µM As(III) and 6 nM Hg(II) for 40 min, respectively. Co-incubation of tracheal rings with pollutants and verapamil, sodium nitroprusside or apocynin indicates that major contributors to As(III) and Hg(II) caused hypercontraction are reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation and nitric oxide (NO) depletion. Changes in calcium influx have minor contribution in As(III) and Hg(II) caused increased contraction of tracheal tissues. Eugenol and carvone caused relaxation of 38% and 45% in pollutant unexposed rings, 56% and 49% in As(III)-exposed tracheal rings, and 54% and 47% in Hg(II)-exposed tracheal rings. Pathway delineation studies indicate that the major effect of eugenol originates from quenching of ROS whereas that of carvone originates from the blockage of extracellular calcium influx. Both molecules also show a minor stimulatory effect on NO generation. In line with their suggested mode of relaxation, eugenol is found to better ameliorate both As(III)- and Hg(II)-caused hypercontraction. Carvone, though a better relaxant than eugenol, comes out as poor ameliorator of both As(III)- and Hg(II)-caused hypercontraction, as the pathway on which it acts is not elevated following exposure to these pollutants.
Featured Article: Oxidative stress status and liver tissue defenses in diabetic rats during intensive subcutaneous insulin therapy
Authors: Dal Stéphanie , Jeandidier Nathalie , Seyfritz Elodie , Bietiger William , Péronet Claude , Moreau François , Pinget Michel , Maillard Elisa , Sigrist Séverine
Published: September 2015

Long-term insulin delivery can reduce blood glucose variability in diabetic patients. In this study, its impact on oxidative stress status, inflammation, and liver injury was investigated. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats with a single dose of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg). Untreated rats and rats administered Insuplant® (2 UI/200 g/day) through a subcutaneous osmotic pump for one or four weeks were compared with non-diabetic controls. Body weight, fructosamine level, total cholesterol, Insulin Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) level, lipid peroxidation, and total antioxidant capacity were measured. Hepatic injury was determined through the measurement of glycogen content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and macrophage infiltration. Liver oxidative stress status was evaluated through the measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase (NADPH oxidase) expression, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activation. Induction of diabetes led to increased plasma oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, ROS production and macrophage infiltration increased in addition to SOD, CAT, and NADPH oxidase expression. Intensive insulin therapy improved metabolic control in diabetic animals as seen by a restoration of hepatic glycogen, plasma IGF-1 levels, and a decrease in plasma oxidative stress. However, insulin treatment did not result in a decrease in acute inflammation in diabetic rats as seen by continued ROS production and macrophage infiltration in the liver, and a decrease of p38MAPK activation. These results suggest that the onset of diabetes induces liver oxidative stress and inflammation, and that subcutaneous insulin administration cannot completely reverse these changes. Targeting oxidative stress and/or inflammation in diabetic patients could be an interesting strategy to improve therapeutic options.
A re-examination of the effects of the economy, government spending, and incumbent ideology on national policy mood
Authors: Kim HeeMin , Yoo Hyeyoung , Roh Jungho
Published: September 2015

Previous explanations of the causes of shifts in policy mood have been primarily economic. When the economy expands aggregate policy preferences move left, but when the economy contracts aggregate policy preferences move right. In this paper, we seek to improve our understanding of the causes of national policy mood shift in two ways. First, we focus on government spending and its impact on policy mood. Previously scholars used it as a control variable in their models and pretty much assumed that intrusive spending will move policy mood to the right, while lack of it will move policy mood to the left. We investigate if different types of the spending have different effects on the policy mood of a nation. Second, we seek a better understanding of the impact of national economic conditions on policy mood by looking at more countries, using various data and more sophisticated methodology. A panel data analysis of two different measures of the policy mood, one based on party manifestos (24 countries and 33 years) and the other based on voter surveys (17 countries and 29 years), reveals that: (i) there is ample evidence that economic conditions have a direct impact on the policy mood of citizens; (ii) the national policy mood is generally negatively related to the current government ideology; (iii) an expanding economy pushes policy mood to the left when the incumbent’s ideology is moderate to rightist; (iv) failure to control inflation causes aggregate policy preferences to shift to the right only under a moderate to left-leaning government; (v) failure to control unemployment causes national policy preferences to shift to the right only under a moderate to right-leaning government; (vi) increasing social spending pushes policy mood further to the left only under a moderate to left-leaning government; and (vii) increasing military spending pushes policy mood to the left only under a moderate to left-leaning government.
AID-associated DNA repair pathways regulate malignant transformation in a murine model of BCL6-driven diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Gu Xiwen , Booth Carmen J. , Liu Zongzhi , Strout Matthew P.
Published: September 2015

Key Points

The combined effects of AID-associated base excision and MMR delay the development of BCL6-driven DLBCL. UNG single deficiency prevents the development of BCL6-driven DLBCL.
Risk factors for foot ulceration in adults with end‐stage renal disease on dialysis: study protocol for a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Kaminski Michelle R. , Raspovic Anita , McMahon Lawrence P. , Erbas Bircan , Landorf Karl B.
Published: September 2015

Background

Adults with end‐stage renal disease treated with dialysis experience a high burden of foot ulceration and lower extremity amputation. However, the risk factors for foot ulceration in the dialysis population are incompletely understood due to the lack of high‐quality prospective evidence. This article outlines the design of a prospective observational cohort study, which aims to investigate the risk factors for foot ulceration in adults on dialysis.

Methods/Design

This study will recruit 430 participants with end‐stage renal disease on dialysis from satellite and home‐therapy dialysis units across multiple health organisations in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Data collection at baseline will include a participant interview, medical record review, completion of a health‐status questionnaire and a non‐invasive foot assessment. Twenty participants will also be recruited to a reliability study to evaluate the reproducibility of testing procedures. Primary outcome data includes: new foot ulcer(s). Secondary outcome data includes: number of new foot ulcers, time to onset of new foot ulcer(s), new lower extremity amputation(s), episodes of infection of the foot or lower extremity, episodes of osteomyelitis, foot‐related hospitalisations, revascularisation procedure(s) of the lower extremity, new podiatry interventions, kidney transplantation, and mortality. Participants will be assessed at baseline, and at 12 months they will be evaluated for the primary and secondary outcomes. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models will be used to assess predictors of new foot ulceration and time to event secondary outcomes. Logistic regression will be used for binary outcomes including prevalence of foot ulcerations.

Discussion

This is the first multi‐centre prospective observational cohort study to investigate risk factors for foot ulceration in adults with end‐stage renal disease on dialysis. This study will improve on prior studies by using prospective methods, multi‐centre recruitment, statistical methods to control for confounding variables, and a pre‐specified sample size estimation. The findings can inform the design of future trials evaluating the effectiveness of clinical interventions, which may lead to improved patient outcomes in the dialysis setting.
Depression as a predictor of postoperative functional performance status (PFPS) and treatment adherence in head and neck cancer patients: A prospective study
Authors: Barber Brittany , Dergousoff Jace , Nesbitt Margaret , Mitchell Nicholas , Harris Jeffrey , O'Connell Daniel , Côté David , Biron Vincent , Seikaly Hadi
Published: September 2015

Background

Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a debilitating disease due in part to its effects on function, including speech, swallowing, and cosmesis. Previous studies regarding depression in HNC have focused on demographic predictors, incidence, and quality of life studies. There is, however, a paucity of studies that objectively address depressive symptoms in HNC patients and the resultant effects on post-treatment functional performance status. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between preoperative depressive symptoms (PDS) and postoperative functional performance status (PFPS), in addition to other predictors of rehabilitation and survival.

Methods

A prospective cohort study was undertaken at the University of Alberta, including all new adult HNC patients undergoing surgery as primary therapy for HNC from May 2013 to January 2014. Baseline depressive symptoms were measured on the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS) questionnaire 2 weeks preoperatively and PFPS was assessed 12 months postoperatively on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head & Neck (FACT-HN) scale. Secondary outcomes included completion of adjuvant therapy, narcotic dependence, return to detrimental habits, loss of follow-up, and length of hospital stay (LOHS). Differences between the Normal-Mild and Moderate-Severe QIDS groups were assessed using Mann–Whitney and Fischer Exact statistical analyses.

Results

Seventy-one patients were included in the study. Mild and Moderate-Severe PDS were 35.2 % and 18.3 %, respectively. Significantly lower FACT-HN scores were noted in the Moderate-Severe group at 12 months (p = 0.03). The risk ratio (RR) for FACT-HN score < 50 % at 12 months in the Moderate-Severe group was 5.66. In addition, significantly lower completion of adjuvant treatment (p = 0.03), significantly higher incidence of narcotic dependence (p = 0.004), and significantly higher LOHS (24 days vs. 18 days; p = 0.02) was observed in the Moderate-Severe group. There was no significant difference in loss of follow-up between the 2 groups (p = 0.64).

Conclusions

The incidence and severity of PDS in HNC patients treated with surgery is high (53.5 %). Patients with Moderate-Severe PDS have significantly decreased PFPS, increased narcotic use, decreased completion of adjuvant therapy, and a longer LOHS. HNC patients should be monitored closely for depressive symptoms.
High-quality permanent draft genome sequence of the Lebeckia - nodulating Burkholderia dilworthii strain WSM3556T
Authors: De Meyer Sofie E. , Tian Rui , Seshadri Rekha , Ivanova Natalia , Pati Amrita , Markowitz Victor , Woyke Tanja , Yates Ron , Howieson John , Kyrpides Nikos , Reeve Wayne
Published: September 2015

Burkholderia dilworthii strain WSM3556T is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that was isolated from an effective N2-fixing root nodule of Lebeckia ambigua collected near Grotto Bay Nature Reserve, in the Western Cape of South Africa, in October 2004. This plant persists in infertile and deep sandy soils with acidic pH, and is therefore an ideal candidate for a perennial based agriculture system in Western Australia. WSM3556T thus represents a potential inoculant quality strain for L. ambigua for which we describe the general features, together with genome sequence and annotation. The 7,679,067 bp high-quality permanent draft genome is arranged in 140 scaffolds of 141 contigs, contains 7,059 protein-coding genes and 64 RNA-only encoding genes, and is part of the GEBA-RNB project proposal.
Analysis of IgM antibody production and repertoire in a mouse model of Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Kramer Jill M , Holodick Nichol E , Vizconde Teresa C , Raman Indu , Yan Mei , Li Quan-Zhen , Gaile Daniel P , Rothstein Thomas L
Published: September 2015

This study tested the hypothesis that B cells from salivary tissue are distinct in terms of proliferative capacity, immunoglobulin M secretion, repertoire, and autoantibody enrichment in Sjögren’s syndrome. We sorted purified B cells from the spleen, cervical lymph nodes, and submandibular glands of a primary Sjögren’s syndrome mouse model (Id3−/−). Enzyme-linked immunospot and proliferation assays were performed with stimulated B cells. We single-cell sorted B cells from the spleen, cervical lymph nodes, and submandibular gland tissue from Sjögren’s syndrome mice and sequenced immunoglobulin M heavy-chain variable regions. Finally, autoantigen arrays were performed using immunoglobulin M derived from sera, cervical lymph nodes, spleens, and submandibular gland tissue of Id3−/− animals. Results suggest B cells from salivary tissue of Sjögren’s syndrome mice are similar to those from secondary immune sites in terms of proliferative and secretory capacity. However, differences in repertoire usage, heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 length, mutational frequency, and N region addition were observed among B cells derived from submandibular gland, cervical lymph node, and spleen tissue. Moreover, autoantigen array data show immunoglobulin M from salivary B cells have enriched specificity for Ro (Sjögren’s syndrome A) and La (Sjögren’s syndrome B). All together, these data suggest salivary B cells have unique repertoire characteristics that likely influence autoantigen binding and contribute to Sjögren’s syndrome disease in a tissue-specific manner.
Variation in Medicare Payments for Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Abdelsattar Zaid M. , Birkmeyer John D. , Wong Sandra L.
Published: September 2015

Medicare spending in the first year after colorectal cancer surgery varies across hospitals even after case-mix adjustment and price standardization.
Pitch perfect: how fruit flies control their body pitch angle
Authors: Whitehead Samuel C. , Beatus Tsevi , Canale Luca , Cohen Itai
Published: September 2015

Flapping insect flight is a complex and beautiful phenomenon that relies on fast, active control mechanisms to counter aerodynamic instability. To directly investigate how freely-flying D. melanogaster control their body pitch angle against such instability, we perturb them using impulsive mechanical torques and film their corrective maneuvers with high-speed video. Combining experimental observations and numerical simulation, we find that flies correct for pitch deflections of up to 40° in 29±8 ms by bilaterally modulating their wings' front-most stroke angle in a manner well-described by a linear proportional-integral (PI) controller. Flies initiate this corrective process only 10±2 ms after the perturbation onset, indicating that pitch stabilization involves a fast reflex response. Remarkably, flies can also correct for very large-amplitude pitch perturbations–greater than 150°–providing a regime in which to probe the limits of the linear-response framework. Together with previous studies regarding yaw and roll control, our results on pitch show that flies' stabilization of each of these body angles is consistent with PI control
Dietary calcium deficiency in laying ducks impairs eggshell quality by suppressing the process of shell biomineralization
Authors: Chen W. , Zhao F. , Tian Z.M. , Zhang H.X. , Ruan D. , Li Y. , Wang S. , Zheng C.T. , Lin Y.C.
Published: September 2015

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary calcium deficiency on the process of shell formation. Four hundred and fifty female ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) of 22 wk were randomly assigned to 3 groups. Ducks were fed one of two calcium-deficient diets (containing 1.8% or 0.38% calcium, respectively) or a calcium-adequate control diet (containing 3.6% calcium) for 67 d (depletion period), and then ducks of the 3 groups were fed a calcium-adequate diet for an additional 67 d (repletion period). As compared with the calcium-adequate control, the average shell thickness, egg shell weight, breaking strength, mammillae density and mammillary knob thickness of shell from ducks that consumed the diet with 0.38% calcium was significantly decreased (P<0.05) during the depletion period, accompanied by reduced quality of shell and tibia. The mRNA expression of both secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) and carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2) in uterus were decreased after feeding calcium-deficient diets (1.8% or 0.38% calcium). Transcripts of calbindin 1 (CALB1), an important protein responsible for calcium transport, and matrix protein gene ovocalyxin-32 (OCX-32) and ovocleidin-116 (OC-116) were reduced in the ducks fed 0.38% calcium but not the 1.8% calcium. Plasma estradiol concentration was decreased by both of the calcium-deficient diets (P<0.05). The impaired shell quality and suppressed functional proteins involved in shell formation could be reversed by repletion of dietary calcium. The results of the present study suggest that dietary calcium deficiency negatively affects the eggshell quality and eggshell microarchitecture probably through suppressing the process of shell biomineralization.
Why be a photographic image?
Authors: Toister Yanai
Published: September 2015

Many contemporary imaging systems share a striking quality: their output need not be limited to images. Instead the raw data such systems collect and generate can just as easily appear as acoustic signals or as text. Furthermore, of those images an unexpected proportion bears the familiar form of the photograph. These two phenomena, I argue, stem from an unconditioned bias towards images, on our behalf, and from the cognitive accessibility of photographic images in particular. This should be seen as a unique epistemic advantage. Arguably, this advantage has not diminished much in the course of the last decades. This is especially surprising given the wide anxiety about the ‘end’ of photography and what will, or has, come after it. Confusingly, this anxiety has given rise to the term analogue photography, which is, I argue, somewhat misguided. Accordingly I propose revised definitions for the terms ‘analogue’ and ‘digital’ in respect to photography. These facilitate an alternative understanding of what photographic images are.
Checklist of the marine flora of Nha Trang Bay (Vietnam, South China Sea) and decadal changes in the species diversity composition between 1953 and 2010
Authors: Titlyanov Eduard A. , Titlyanova Tamara V. , Belous Oksana S.
Published: September 2015

The first complete checklist of the intertidal and subtidal marine algae (Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Ochrophyta) of Nha Trang Bay (Vietnam) is presented. A brief history of the species records in the bay between 1953 and 2010 is documented. A total of 481 macroalgal taxa and their forms have been found, including 275 red (57%), 121 green (25%) and 85 brown (18%) algal taxa. The data, analyzed in terms of time period, revealed shifts in the number of species in most of the taxonomic families. However, the most interesting differences between the time periods occurred in the overall algal species diversity and in the floristic ratios (red: brown: green algae). The collections sampled in 1953–1968 and those in 1982–1987 did not change significantly in either species diversity or floristic composition, but a comparison of the collections from 1953 to 1987 and from 2002 to 2010 revealed substantial differences. In 2002–2010, the absolute and relative numbers of green algal species increased while those of red and brown algal species decreased. Our background data indicate that this change is likely due to increasing seawater pollution caused by dissolved organic and inorganic substances. The increase in the number of green algal species is due primarily to the greater number of species in the Caulerpaceae, Ulvaceae and Cladophoraceae, all families that thrive in polluted water.
Nurturing students to be caring service leaders
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Li Xiang
Published: September 2015

Caring behavior is very important for an effective service leader. To help students recognize the importance of caring behavior and become caring service leaders, one lecture on caring behavior was designed for the subject “Service Leadership” at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. This article consists of two parts. The first part is on the concepts and theories of the topic, and the second part is on the detailed content of this lecture. In the first part, three primary elements of care (i.e. love, listening, and empathy) and the relevant skills of improving caring behavior in practice are firstly discussed. Next, the relationships between caring behavior of service leaders and positive outcomes of care for different stakeholders including leaders, followers, and organizations are examined. Finally, discussion and reflection on caring service leaders are summarized. In the second part, the corresponding lecture contents are presented, including two activities which are designed to facilitate students’ active learning and deep understanding concerning caring behavior.
On Generating Integrable Dynamical Systems in 1+1 and 2+1 Dimensions by Using Semisimple Lie Algebras
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Tam Honwah , Wu Lixin
Published: September 2015

We deduce a set of integrable equations under the framework of zero curvature equations and obtain two sets of integrable soliton equations, which can be reduced to some new integrable equations including the generalised nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. Under the case where the isospectral functions are one-order polynomials in the parameter λ, we generate a set of rational integrable equations, which are reduced to the loop soliton equation. Under the case where the derivative λ

t
of the spectral parameter λ is a quadratic algebraic curve in λ, we derive a set of variable-coefficient integrable equations. In addition, we discretise a pair of isospectral problems introduced through the Lie algebra given by us for which a set of new semi-discrete nonlinear equations are available; furthermore, the semi-discrete MKdV equation and the Hirota lattice equation are followed to produce, respectively. Finally, we apply the Lie algebra to introduce a set of operator Lax pairs with an operator, and then through the Tu scheme and the binomial-residue representation method proposed by us, we generate a 2+1-dimensional integrable hierarchy of evolution equations, which reduces to a generalised 2+1-dimensional Davey-Stewartson (DS) equation.
Cardiovascular Responses to Unilateral, Bilateral, and Alternating Limb Resistance Exercise Performed Using Different Body Segments
Authors: Moreira Osvaldo C. , Faraci Lucas L. , de Matos Dihogo G. , Mazini Filho Mauro L. , da Silva Sandro F. , Aidar Felipe José , Hickner Robert C. , de Oliveira Cláudia E.P.
Published: September 2015

Moreira, OC, Faraci, LL, de Matos, DG, Mazini Filho, ML, da Silva, SF, Aidar, FJ, Hickner, RC, and de Oliveira, CEP. Cardiovascular responses to unilateral, bilateral and alternating limb resistance exercise performed using different body segments. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 644–652, 2017—The aim of this study was to verify and compare the cardiovascular responses to unilateral, bilateral, and alternating limb resistance exercise (RE) performed using different body segments. Fifteen men experienced in RE were studied during biceps curls, barbell rows, and knee extension exercises when performed bilaterally, unilaterally, and using alternating limbs. The protocol consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 80% of 10 repetition maximum with 2-minute rest between sets. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured after the last repetition. There was a statistically significant increase in HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rate pressure product (RPP), from rest to postexercise. The RPP was higher in the third set of all exercises and in all 3 forms of execution, when compared with the first set. Bilateral biceps curls caused a greater increase in RPP (first and second sets) and HR, compared with the same exercise performed unilaterally. Furthermore, the performance of bilateral biceps curls induced greater HR and RPP, in all sets, compared with bilateral knee extension and barbell rows. There was also a significantly higher SBP for the alternating second and third sets and also for the bilateral third set of the knee extensions as compared with the barbell rows. It was concluded from the data of this study that the cardiovascular response was increased from rest to postexercise in all forms of exercise, especially immediately after the third set of RE. For exercises performed bilaterally with the upper body (biceps curls), there was a greater cardiovascular response when compared with the same exercise performed unilaterally or with lower-body exercise performed bilaterally.
Banana Moko disease management with resistance inducers and chlorine dioxide
Authors: Ramírez G. Joaquín Guillermo , Muñoz A. Melissa , Patiño H. Luis Fernando , Morales O. Juan Gonzalo
Published: September 2015

The plant disease Moko, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is the most important bacterial disease in banana and plantain crops worldwide. In the present study, chlorine dioxide and seven resistance inducers in banana plants (Musa sp.) infected with this bacterium were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. For the evaluation of chlorine dioxide, three doses were used (10, 30 and 50 mg L-1). The evaluation of the resistance inducers included the following: sodium salicylate 0.4 g L-1; hydrogen peroxide 1 mM; potassium phosphite 1.5 mL L-1; 3-aminobutanoic acid 1.0 g L-1; methyl jasmonate 0.2 g L-1; acibenzolar-s-methyl 0.3 mL L-1 and chitosan 3.0 mg mL-1. The results showed a significant reduction of 74% in the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) value, which was calculated for the disease development when the injected chlorine dioxide dose was 50 mg L-1. The AUDPC value for the resistance inducers was reduced by 45.4% for chitosan, 75.5% for methyl jasmonate and 65.5% for 3-aminobutanoic acid. Therefore, the results indicated that these molecules have the potential to be used for control of the Moko disease.
Assessment of yield stability in sugarcane genotypes using non-parametric methods
Authors: Rea Ramón , De Sousa-Vieira Orlando , Díaz Alida , Ramón Miguel , Briceño Rosaura , George José , Demey Jhonny
Published: September 2015

The evaluation of performance stability and high yields is essential for yield trials in different environments. This study was carried out to identifysugarcane genotypesthat have both a high mean cane yield, mesured in tons of cane per hectare (TCH), and stability across seven different environments, using 11 non-parametric statistical methods: Si(1), Si(2), Si(3), Si(6), NPI(1), NPI(2), NPI(3), NPI(4), RS, TOP and DE. The data came from acane yield of 20 genotypes, as measured at seven locations over three crop-years in the sugarcane regional trials of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas (INIA) of Venezuela. The genotypes V99-213, V99-236 and V00-50 showed promising yields and stability according to all of the non-parametric statistics. The TCH presented a positive association with the TOP, NPI(2), NPI(3) and Si(6) statistics. The analysis distinguished two groups of statistics using a principal component analysis (PCA). The first group (G1) was composed of the TOP, NPI(4), NPI(2), NPI(3), Si(3) and Si(6) statistics, which were located under the concept of dynamic or agronomic stability because they are associated with yield. The other group (G2) was composed of the NPI(1), Si(1), Si(2), DE and RS statistics, which fell within the static or biological stability concept.
UN COLEGIO NOCTURNO: UN TALLER SOBRE VIOLENCIA
Authors: D’ Antoni Maurizia , Pluchino Arias Mariángela
Published: September 2015

En la Universidad de Costa Rica, el estudiantado realiza 300 horas de Trabajo Comunal
Universitario (tcu), con el propósito de devolver a la comunidad parte de lo que la universidad
pública autónoma invierte en su formación. El tcu nro. 618 está orientado al rescate de
modalidades educativas diferentes al colegio diurno “académico”, buscando apoyar colegios
nocturnos y técnicos profesionales que por un lado, tienen malas tasas de aprobación y por
otro, muestran experiencias exitosas en el involucramiento escuela-comunidad. Se realizó un
taller acerca de bullying en un liceo nocturno del casco metropolitano. El estudiantado involucrado
expresa cierto conocimiento “ingenuo” de la vinculación entre violencia interinstitucional
con la violencia estructural y expresa malestar ante la violencia verbal, la humillación
y la burla, que se encuentra cargada de significados xenófobos, machistas y excluyentes.
From Gene Targeting to Genome Editing: Transgenic animals applications and beyond
Authors: ROCHA-MARTINS MAURÍCIO , CAVALHEIRO GABRIEL R. , MATOS-RODRIGUES GABRIEL E. , MARTINS RODRIGO A.P.
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTGenome modification technologies are powerful tools for molecular biology and related areas. Advances in animal transgenesis and genome editing technologies during the past three decades allowed systematic interrogation of gene function that can help model how the genome influences cellular physiology. Genetic engineering via homologous recombination (HR) has been the standard method to modify genomic sequences. Nevertheless, nuclease-guided genome editing methods that were developed recently, such as ZFN, TALEN and CRISPR/Cas, opened new perspectives for biomedical research. Here, we present a brief historical perspective of genome modification methods, focusing on transgenic mice models. Moreover, we describe how new techniques were discovered and improved, present the paradigm shifts and discuss their limitations and applications for biomedical research as well as possible future directions.
Impactos da contenção dos preços de combustíveis no Brasil e opções de mecanismos de precificação
Authors: ALMEIDA EDMAR LUIS FAGUNDES DE , OLIVEIRA PATRICIA VARGAS DE , LOSEKANN LUCIANO
Published: September 2015

RESUMOA Petrobrás foi severamente afetada pela política de preços de combustível do governo. Ao atender a crescente demanda de GLP, diesel e gasolina, cujos preços estavam abaixo de referência internacional, a empresa perdeu R 98.000 milhões dólares em renda, de 2011 a 2014. Em um período de altos investimentos devido a exploração do pré-sal, este perda aumentou a dívida da Petrobrás e deteriorou sua situação financeira. Se o alinhamento com o preço internacional não é politicamente viável, a experiência internacional sugere que se adote um fundo de estabilização como mecanismo de preços. Interferências políticas em sua gestão, no entanto, devem ser evitadas.
ANÁLISES CLIMÁTICAS: O FILTRO HODRICK-PRESCOTT APLICADO AOS ÍNDICES ATMOSFÉRICOS DA OSCILAÇÃO SUL E DA OSCILAÇÃO DO ATLÂNTICO NORTE
Authors: SIQUEIRA ANDERLAN HENRIQUE BATISTA , MOLION LUIZ CARLOS BALDICERO
Published: September 2015

A existência de ciclos ou periodicidades, aparentes nas séries temporais longas de variáveis meteorológicas, auxilia no entendimento dos processos físicos que controlam o clima e os ciclos identificados, eventualmente, servem como prognosticadores do clima regional. Com essa motivação, foi aplicado o filtro de Hodrick-Prescott (HP) às séries dos índices de Oscilação Sul (IOS) e Oscilação do Atlântico Norte (OAN) no período 1900-2010. O filtro HP, aplicado a uma série temporal longa, gera duas novas séries, uma contendo os sinais da tendência e a outra, os da parte cíclica/aleatória da variável. Posteriormente, cada uma das séries foi submetida à análise das transformadas de ondeletas de Morlet para identificação dos ciclos aparentes. A série da tendência dos IOS apresentou ciclos de 6, 9, 17 e 28 anos, o primeiro associado ao Ciclo El Niño/La Niña, os dois seguintes possivelmente ao Ciclo Nodal Lunar (Ciclo Saros) de 18 anos e o último, à Oscilação Decadal do Pacífico (ODP). A série da tendência de OAN apresentou ciclos de 6, 9 e 33 anos, os dois últimos possivelmente relacionados ao Ciclo Saros. Os coeficientes de correlação linear entre a série cíclica/aleatória do IOS, adiantado de 6 meses, e a precipitação no Brasil apresentaram valores altos, de até 0,72 e -0,67 para áreas do Norte e Sul do País, respectivamente, no período 1948-1999 (52 anos), com nível de significância superior a 99%. Esse período cobre as duas fases da ODP. Considerando que os modelos de clima ainda não apresentam destreza adequada para previsão regional no Brasil, sugere-se que a previsão de clima, utilizando a série cíclica/aleatória do IOS adiantado de até 6 meses, seja explorada e, eventualmente, validada.
Influência da Religiosidade/Espiritualidade no Contexto Psicoterapêutico
Authors: Henning-Geronasso Martha Caroline , Moré Carmen Leontina Ojeda Ocampo
Published: September 2015

Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar as ações desenvolvidas pelos profissionais da Psicologia, considerando a presença da religiosidade/espiritualidade no contexto terapêutico. Adotou-se o método qualitativo, sendo os participantes dez psicólogos clínicos com mais de dez anos de atuação nessa atividade e de diferentes abordagens teóricas. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada, sendo o tratamento dos dados realizado através da análise categorial temática de conteúdo. Os resultados organizados em categorias evidenciaram que os profissionais utilizavam a religiosidade/espiritualidade dos clientes/pacientes, tanto como estratégias terapêuticas para trabalhar a temática em questão, assim como recursos psicoterapêuticos que não passavam, necessariamente, pela questão da religiosidade/espiritualidade e que visavam atingir os objetivos terapêuticos.
Ações do Profissional de Psicologia no Centro de Referência da Assistência Social
Authors: Macêdo Orlando Júnior Viana , Alberto Maria de Fátima Pereira , Santos Denise Pereira dos , Souza Gabriel Pereira de , Oliveira Vinicius Suares de
Published: September 2015

Neste artigo, discutem-se as ações dos profissionais de Psicologia nos Centros de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS). Trabalhou-se com sete profissionais de Barbalha, Crato e Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará. Utilizou-se de entrevista semiestruturada, que contemplou dados biosociodemográficos; dificuldades enfrentadas; formação acadêmica e atividades realizadas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de conteúdo. As falas denotaram que há dificuldades decorrentes tanto das condições de trabalho oferecidas quanto da formação acadêmica. A formação dá suporte para uma atuação clínica individualizante. A prática gira em torno do acolhimento e atendimento psicológico. Percebe-se atuação com alcance limitado no que concerne ao desenvolvimento da autonomia e da efetivação dos direitos dos usuários, sinalizando-se para importância de os profissionais recorrerem a versões de Psicologia mais politizadas e comprometidas com os sujeitos em condição de vulnerabilidade social.
PROPOSTA DE UMA SEQUÊNCIA DIDÁTICA PARA O ENSINO DO TEMA "ESTAÇÕES DO ANO" NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Taxini Camila Linhares , Puga Cintia Cristina Isicawa , Silva Caio Samuel Franciscati , Oliveira Rosemary Rodrigues
Published: September 2015

Esta pesquisa objetivou desenvolver uma sequência didática para o ensino do tema "Estações do ano", capaz de proporcionar aos alunos uma visão global dos conteúdos envolvidos e as relações entre o saber científico e o cotidiano, na busca de se possibilitar que o conhecimento seja relacionado à estrutura cognitiva dos es tudantes de modo significativo, sendo ancorado nela. Para o desenvolvimento das atividades de ensino foram utilizadas várias modalidades didáticas, tais como brains torming, dramatização, jogo, pesquisa, problematização, vídeo, entre outras, na tenta tiva de se atender às diferenças individuais dos alunos. Os achados indicam que a se quência didática desenvolvida favoreceu os processos de ensino e aprendizagem. As produções dos alunos revelaram ainda que as atividades tiveram diferentes níveis de significância para os mesmos.
AN ACTIVITY THEORY-BASED ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE STUDY OF DISCOURSE IN SCIENCE CLASSROOMS
Authors: Vieira Rodrigo Drumond , Kelly Gregory J. , Nascimento Silvania Sousa do
Published: September 2015

In this paper we introduce a new framework and methodology to analyze science classroom discourse and apply it to a university physics education course. Two fields of inquiry were adapted to develop the framework: activity theory and linguistics. From activity theory we applied levels of analysis (activity, actions, and operations) to organize and structure the discourse analysis. From the field of linguistics we used resources from sociolinguistics and textual linguistics to perform analysis at the action and operation levels. Sociolinguistics gave us criteria to introduce contextualization cues into analysis in order to consider ways that participants segmented their classroom conversations. Textual linguistics provided a basis for categories of language organization (e.g, argumentation, explanation, narration, description, injunction, and dialogue). From this analysis, we propose an examination of a teacher's discourse moves, which we labeled Discursive Didactic Procedures (DDPs). Thus, the framework provides a means to situate these DDPs in different types of language organization, examine the roles such DDPs play in events, and consider the relevant didactic goals accomplished. We applied this framework to analyze the emergence and development of an argumentative situation and investigate its specific DDPs and their roles. Finally, we explore possible contributions of the framework to science education research and consider some of its limitations.
INCIDENCE DES CARACTÉRISTIQUES DES ÉLÈVES SUR LEUR DEGRÉ DE MOTIVATION À PARTICIPER À UNE EXPO-SCIENCES
Authors: Trudel Louis , Reis Giuliano , Dionne Liliane
Published: September 2015

Les expo-sciences sont de plus en plus populaires chez les jeunes. Leur motivation à participer peut être influencée par différents facteurs que notre étude cherche à préciser. A cette fin, nous avons construit un questionnaire destiné à mesurer le degré de motivation des participants à l'expo-sciences pan canadienne qui regroupe chaque année les meilleurs au pays. Nos résultats indiquent que ces élèves sont très motivés mais que contrairement à certains résultats de recherches antérieures, leur degré de motivation est influencé par leur âge et leur niveau scolaire. Les autres facteurs étudiés n'ont pas eu d'influence significative sur leur degré de motivation. Nous concluons en énoncant les limites de notre recherche et des suggestions quant à des recherches ultérieures.
REPRESENTAÇÃO E DISTORÇÕES CONCEITUAIS DO CONTEÚDO"FILOGENIA EM LIVROS DIDÁTÍCOS DE BIOLOGIA DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Lopes Welinton Ribamar , Vasconcelos Simão Dias
Published: September 2015

Livros didáticos frequentemente são utilizados como único veículo de conteúdos, marcados pela forma fragmentária de organização. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a inserção do tema "Filogenia" nos livros didáticos, procurando detectar incorreções conceituais que dificultam a compreensão do tema. Fizeram parte da amostra livros didáticos de Ensino Médio, analisados com base em critérios fundamentados pela literatura e documentos oficiais nacionais. Analisamos 13 coleções sob os seguintes critérios: conteúdo teórico; recursos visuais; atividades propostas e recursos para o professor. Oito livros contemplavam o assunto, com profundidade e clareza variáveis. Distorções conceituais comuns incluíram a confusão entre "Taxonomia" e "Sistemática", equivalência entre "evolução" e "progresso" e a concepção de evolução como sequencia linear de modificações em processo direcional. Tais distorções são agravadas pela escassez de atividades para o aluno e recursos para o professor sobre o tema.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM PROCESSO DIDÁTICO-PEDAGÓGICO DIALÓGICO: ASPECTOS EPISTEMOLÓGICOS
Authors: Muenchen Cristiane , Delizoicov Demétrio
Published: September 2015

No presente trabalho procura-se caracterizar conhecimentos e práticas do grupo de investigadores no ensino de Ciências que originou e implementou os Três Momentos Pedagógicos (3MP), denominados Problematização Inicial, Organização do Conhecimento e Aplicação do Conhecimento.A análise realizada com base em critérios epistemológicos de Ludwik Fleck teve como referência aspectos teóricos e dados de práticas, contidos em dissertações, teses, livros e artigos produzidos por membros desse grupo de investigadores. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se que o contexto da proposição dos 3MP é decorrência da transposição da concepção de Paulo Freire para a educação escolar e teve como referência três grandes projetos: um desenvolvido na África e dois no Brasil.
O PROCESSO DE APROPRIAÇÃO DA BIOEXPOSIÇÃO "A CÉLULA AO ALCANCE DA MÃO" EM UM CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS: DESAFIOS DA MEDIAÇÃO
Authors: Bassoli Fernanda
Published: September 2015

Os espaços não formais de ensino têm como principal função promover a divulgação científica e a popularização da ciência. A fim de proporcionar a inclusão social e a divulgação dos conhecimentos relativos ao corpo humano, foi desenvolvida pelo Museu de Ciências Morfológicas da UFMG a coleção de arte-educação "A célula ao alcance da mão". O presente trabalho tem como intuito relatar, efetuando um diálogo com o referencial teórico da área, o processo de apropriação dessa exposição pelo Centro de Ciências da UFJF, desde a etapa do planejamento à realização de pesquisas junto aos visitantes. Os dados obtidos reafirmam a importância de os espaços não formais investirem na formação de seus mediadores, como também de institucionalizar o registro de sua memória.
A AVALIAÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM NA CONCEPÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE QUÍMICA DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Lemos Pablo Santana , Sá Luciana Passos
Published: September 2015

A avaliação da aprendizagem tem sido apontada como um tema pouco discutido em cursos de formação de professores, trazendo consequências para a sua efetividade no contexto da sala de aula. Assim, no presente trabalho buscamos investigar como a avaliação é entendida por professores de Química do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas da região sul da Bahia. Para a análise dos dados, recorremos a diversos estudos que discutem a prática da avaliação no âmbito escolar. De modo geral, os resultados apontam para a existência de concepções equivocadas acerca da ação avaliativa e para a necessidade de melhorias na formação dos professores atuantes no Ensino Médio.