bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Framework of Cognition and Conceptual Structures Based on Deep Semantics
Authors: Adi Tom
Published: January 2016

The argument is made that artificial intelligence (AI) systems which simulate cognition fail to reach significant goals because they rely on inadequate frameworks of cognition and conceptual structures that are based on shallow semantics. Shallow semantics examines only the surface meanings of expressions and words while deep semantics incorporates the meanings of the phonetic substructures of words. Shallow semantics is like chemistry that studies molecules (such as sugar) but never looks at elements (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen). This paper briefly reviews three decades of deep semantics research by the author which produced a new framework of cognition and a new kind of conceptual structures. These have been validated by large-scale smart text retrieval and by constructing a theory of emotions and a consumer choice theory. Deep semantics is used to develop an ontology of cognition itself which is then contrasted with the cognitive frameworks and conceptual structures of AI systems.
An Introduction to the Business Ontology
Authors: von Rosing Mark , Laurier Wim
Published: January 2016

Based on the long-standing work of the Global University Alliance and its members, ontology is introduced for the business domain. This ‘business ontology' incorporates all the constructs that can be found in the most popular business standards and frameworks. The business ontology's research and development journey is detailed; in terms of the how the research and findings came about, including the underlying academic design science that is informed by practitioners' industrial experiences. It explains the value of ontology, from which the need for the business ontology can be justified and gives it presence in business practice. The paper concludes with a discussion on the ontology's present status and future potential.
Using a Business Ontology for Structuring Artefacts
Authors: von Rosing Mark , Urquhart Bonnie , Zachman John A.
Published: January 2016

This case story describes how the Business Ontology can be used to structure organizational artefacts. Northern Health was chosen for this case story because of the complexity and nature of their industry. Using a Business Ontology for structuring artefacts exemplifies the power of integrated and standardized artefacts in facilitating alignment, transformation and the management of a complex project portfolio involving multiple programs and projects through a structured way of thinking, way of working and way of modelling. This case story will discuss what artefacts are, what they consist of, their purpose, and how the Global University Alliance's Business Ontology was used effectively to develop a structured way of thinking, working and modelling. Furthermore, this paper presents the artefacts that provided the foundation for developing Northern Health-specific reference content and explains how they could be reused by various projects within the organization. It also includes the lessons learned on where these artefacts could be applied and the benefits of applying them.
Individual Level Knowledge Transfer in Virtual Settings
Authors: Wan Zeying , Haggerty Nicole , Wang Yinglei
Published: January 2016

Since the emergence of the knowledge-based view of the firm in the mid-1990, researchers have made considerable effort to untangle the complexity of how individuals create, capture and realize value from knowledge. To date, this burgeoning field has offered rich and yet diverse insights involving contextual, process and outcome factors that influence individual level knowledge transfer. Concomitantly globalization and advancing technologies have extended virtual work arrangements such as virtual teams and virtual communities on the internet and considerably extended the knowledge base upon which individuals can draw when creating, acquiring, sharing and integrating knowledge. Research on individual level knowledge transfer has also embraced these virtual environments spawning new insights. Hence the objective of this paper is to assess current state of research and identify potential avenues for future research at the intersection of these two dimensions. The authors focus specifically on knowledge transfer research at the individual level instead of the team or firm level and within virtual settings. Applying a process view of knowledge transfer, they synthesize existing findings and discuss issues surrounding the inputs, processes, and outputs. The synthesis reveals both strengths and gaps in the literature. Accordingly, the authors offer directions for future research that may address the gaps and contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of individual level knowledge transfer in virtual settings.
The New Electronic Government
Authors: Al-Jenaibi Badreya Nasser
Published: January 2016

Nowadays, initiatives are taken and investments are made in supporting e-government across the world. These initiatives should achieve success to fulfill the outcomes that are desired. Efforts are made in capitalizing the technologies that will help the government to provide services to their citizens. The main objective of the paper is to explore the readiness of federal authority employees and their current skills, adoption, and knowledge about e-government. It is also investigates the new technologies and e-technologies in GCC and UAE. Therefore, it discusses and highlights this objective of using e-government by employees under several headings which include the growth of e-government in UAE and advantages of e-government in the society. This paper will also outline the need of e-government by the employees and citizens and how to make them better trust e-government. The researcher distributed 500 surveys and received 407 from most of the federal authorities in the UAE. The research concluded that the employees agree with benefits of e-government, do care about customers, and, together with high cooperation from the private sector, are prepared for adopting e-government. It was also found that the more challenging the e-government's cost and IT skill, the higher the challenges the organization will face in adopting e-government. At the present, one of the biggest challenges is designing solutions for e-government and evaluating initiatives conducted by the government.
Hybrid Fuzzy-Ontological Project Framework of a Team Work Simulation System
Authors: Kaplanski Pawel , Orłowski Cezary , Bach-Dąbrowska Irena , Wysocki Włodzimierz
Published: January 2016

The aim of this article is to present the project framework for constructing a Software Process Simulation Modeling (SPSM) system. SPSM systems can be used as a virtual environment for the selection of methods and tools of project management in IT support organizations. The constructed system simulates the Scrum methodology, including the management processes and the project roles. For the implementation of Scrum processes, the Scrum ontology is proposed and for the competences of the roles of project team members, a fuzzy-logic representation. As a result the authors present the hybrid fuzzy ontological system as well as a prototype built during project work, allowing the initial verification of the proposed solution. The framework of the design processes proposed in the article was verified on the basis of real courses of project management processes in a large IT company.
A User-Centric Typology of Information System Requirements
Authors: Kakar Adarsh Satindarlal
Published: January 2016

Keeping in view the increasing importance of users in shaping and acceptance of Information Systems (IS) products, there is a need for deeper understanding of IS user requirements. However, currently there is a gap in IS literature. Virtually no theory-based Typological Scheme (TS) exists for IS user requirements. And a typology is widely acknowledged as the first step towards understanding a phenomenon (). Using concepts from inter-disciplinary review of research in the areas of requirements engineering, product quality, and customer satisfaction this study explores the possibility of developing a TS suitable to the IS context. The proposed TS scheme, iteratively constructed, through literature review and experimentation demonstrates promise. The requirement types identified in the suggested TS are found to have both theoretical and empirical support and have useful implications for future research as well as practice.
Process Optimization for 3-D IC Assembly
Authors: Woychik Charles G. , Lee Sangil , McGrath Scott , Arkalgud Sitaram
Published: January 2016

The challenge for three-dimensional integrated circuit assembly is how to manage warpage and thin wafer handling to achieve a high assembly yield and to ensure that the final structure can pass the specified reliability requirements. Our test vehicles have microbumped die with pitches ranging from 120 μm down to 60 μm. The high density of pads and the large die size make it extremely challenging to ensure that all of the microbump interconnects are attached to a thin Si interposer (ITP). In addition, the low standoff between the die and ITP makes it difficult to underfill. A likely approach is to first attach the die to the ITP and then the die/ITP subassembly to the substrate. In this scenario, the die/ITP subassembly is comparable to a monolithic Si die that can be flip chip attached to the substrate. In this article, we discuss various assembly options and the challenges posed by each. In this investigation, we will propose the best method to do two-and-half-dimensional assembly in an outsourced assembly and test facility.
Conservative Management of Chyle Leak following Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Chekavar Aromal
Published: January 2016

Lymphatic injury leading to chyle leak is a potential complication that may arise following thyroid surgery especially when there is a high nodal burden. Although the incidence of chyle leak post surgery is low (1 to 4%), this complication can present significant challenges to both the surgeon and patient. Multiple approaches to the treatment of chyle leak have emerged, including nutrition, surgical, and pharmacological therapies. Although there are strong feelings among clinicians about the use of bowel rest, parenteral nutrition, or a low-fat enteral formula for the treatment of chyle leak, definitive evidence supporting any nonsurgical methods vs surgical approach is lacking. The lack of a clear consensus on the optimal management of chyle leaks makes this problem more challenging for the treating surgeon.

How to cite this article

Mayilvaganan S, Chekavar A, Kapoor R, Agarwal A. Conservative Management of Chyle Leak following Thyroid Surgery. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(3):76-78.
Pemberton Sign in Diagnosis of Retrosternal Goiter
Authors: Mishra Anand Kumar , Agarwal Arpit , Singh Ravi K , Tewari Sandeep
Published: January 2016

The Pemberton maneuver (elevating both arms until they touch the sides of the head for a minute) is a method to increase pressure in the thoracic inlet and further narrow the aperture.1 If congestion, cyanosis of face or distension of neck veins or distress become apparent, it is suggestive of retrosternal goiter. We describe two patients with Pemberton sign.

How to cite this article

Mishra A, Agarwal A, Singh RK, Tewari S. Pemberton Sign in Diagnosis of Retrosternal Goiter. World J Endoc Surg 2015;7(3):79-80.
Characteristics of Esophageal Motility in Chinese GERD Patients
Authors: Adji Allaboursa Seid , Ying Xu Jun , Lian Xiang Xue , Hussain Tabish , Gorgui Diouf , Boyuan Zheng
Published: January 2016

Objective: to evaluate the characteristics of esophageal motility in Chinese patients with typical symptoms of GERD, heartburn/regurgitation, underwent Upper endoscopy were divided into two subgroups: Erosive esophagitis,(RE) and nonErosive reflux disease(NERD) Compare with healthy controls volunteers. 
Environmental Factors of Knowledge Management Model for Implementation and Adoptation in the Construction Industry
Authors: Idris Katun M. , Richard Kolawole A. , Waziri Abdullahi Y.
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a knowledge management (KM) environmental factor model that encompasses a set of the hypothesized model for KM environmental factor and measurement models for adaptation and application. Two hundred and fourty five questionnaire surveys were administered for the research. The hypothesized model of KM environmental factor was tested using structural equation modeling approach with a proposed model developed. Five constructs of KM environmental factors were considered and analyzed; culture, strategy, organization information, management leadership, and rules/regulation with their reliability and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient of 0.82, 0.919, 0.85, 0.79, and 0.86 respectively. Similarly, all fit indices and factor loadings were significant leading to a prudent model attainment. The study offers a foundation for understanding some modest predisposition of the industry as it enters KM. Construction industry and researchers can adopt the model to serve as a guide for adoption and implementation.
Increasing Ultrasonic Array Data Acquisition Rate through the use of Kasami Codes and the Maximum Entropy Method
Authors: Bazulin Eugeny , Bazulin Andrey
Published: January 2016

We suggest using sets of pseudo-orthogonal code with antenna arrays working in Full Matrix Capture (FMC) mode, to increase the rate of data acquisition. This allows the use of signals comprised of phase-manipulated Kasami sequences, specifically developed for CMDA technology. The use of the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) for decoding signals in lieu of matched filtration allows us to reduce noise level and increase time resolution in reflectors’ image. Additionally, to reduce noise level by more than 6 dB we suggest the use of various Kasami sequences for each position of an antenna array. Numerical and model experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Estrategias psicosociales utilizadas para el cambio de actitud hacia personas discriminadas por su discapacidad o trastorno mental
Authors: Delgado Meza Jesus Armando
Published: January 2016

El presente trabajo permitió realizar una revisión de las estrategias psicosociales relacionadas con el cambio de actitud que suelen ser utilizadas en programas que buscan la modificación actitudinal especialmente en la percepción que tiene la población hacia personas en situación vulnerable de discriminación como suelen ser los discapacitados y los que presentan trastorno mental. Se utilizó la técnica de revisión documental con consultas en bases de datos científicas de Psicología, que arrojó 80 referencias de las cuales 58 hicieron parte del estudio. Los hallazgos encontrados muestran que las estrategias más utilizadas y comunes a los dos tipos de discriminación en programas de reorientación actitudinal son: la educación y el contacto social, que suelen ser combinadas con otros tipos de técnicas.
Significados y prácticas de mediación orientada a la inclusión en el contexto mexicano
Authors: Palos Toscano Úrsula , Avalos Latorre María Luisa , Montes Delgado Roberto
Published: January 2016

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue contribuir a la comprensión sobre la mediación que realizan los profesionistas que inciden en la educación básica en el marco de la inclusión educativa. Se recuperó el discurso y la experiencia de docentes y especialistas en dos escuelas mexicanas a través de entrevistas y observación directa. Mediante el análisis cualitativo, se encontraron diferentes puntos de vista implicados en la mediación inclusiva. Los hallazgos revelaron que entre los agentes de la inclusión existen diferentes puntos de vista sobre su mediación, que difícilmente socializan conocimiento nuevo al respecto y que sus prácticas tienden a reproducir esquemas habituales de actuación en torno a la inclusión. Concluimos que para que la mediación adquiera un carácter incluyente, es necesario que la mediación de los profesionales de la inclusión, adopten un sentido explícitamente educativo que derive de la reflexión colectiva y de acciones concertadas.
Personas con Trastorno del Espectro del Autismo con necesidades intensas y generalizadas de apoyo: estrategias para mejorar su calidad de vida
Authors: Vidriales Fernández Ruth , Cuesta Gómez José Luis , Plaza Sanz Marta , Hernández Layna Cristina
Published: January 2016

Vidriales, R. et al. (2015): “Personas con Trastorno del Espectro del Autismo con necesidades intensas y generalizadas de apoyo: estrategias para mejorar su calidad de vida”, Revista Española de Discapacidad, 3 (2): 101-115.
Arte y salud social. Programas de participación sociocultural para personas con diversidad funcional
Authors: Martínez Lemos María , Rodríguez López Jesús
Published: January 2016

Martinez, M. y Rodríguez, J. (2015): “Arte y salud social. Programas de participación sociocultural para personas con diversidad funcional”, Revista Española de Discapacidad, 3 (2): 125-131.
La sordera: una oportunidad para descubrir la música
Authors: Otero Caicedo Liliana Elizabeth
Published: January 2016

Otero, L. (2015): “La sordera: una oportunidad para descubrir la música”, Revista Española de Discapacidad, 3 (2): 133-137.
O ENSINO DE ARTE E AS HISTÓRIAS EM QUADRINHOS (HQ): A ARTE SEQUENCIAL E O DESENVOLVIMENTO GRÁFICO
Authors:   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Lima Luciano Soares , Flores José Antonio Vieira ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Azevedo Cláudio Tarouco de ,   Universidade Federal de Pelotas
Published: January 2016

As histórias em quadrinhos – HQ são muito mais do que uma mídia relacionada ao entretenimento; tornaram-se, ao longo dos anos, uma importante ferramenta pedagógica. Este artigo apresenta um breve contexto histórico da origem das histórias em quadrinhos e estabelece relações dessa arte sequencial com o ensino de Artes Visuais. Defende a ideia de que a análise gráfica de diferentes gêneros de histórias em quadrinhos pode contribuir para a compreensão do processo, a produção de HQ em sala de aula e para o estímulo do desenvolvimento gráfico infantil, na fase do pensamento simbólico. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com estudantes de uma escola pública municipal de ensino básico da cidade do Rio Grande / RS e apresenta resultados que apontam para a importância da utilização das HQ nos processos criativos associados ao desenho e à escrita; na promoção do interesse dos estudantes pela disciplina de artes; e no desenvolvimento gráfico.
CATARSE: APROXIMAÇÕES CONCEITUAIS COM O ENSINO DA ARTE
Authors:   Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Chisté Priscila de Souza
Published: January 2016

A Catarse é considerada por muitos autores como um “efeito” ligado a um processo que leva à tomada de consciência. Que “efeito” é esse? Por quem foi sistematizado? Quais abordagens foram construídas a partir desse conceito? Qual a sua relação com a educação e com os espaços escolar e expositivo? O artigo em tela pretende refletir sobre essas questões ao revisitar o conceito de Catarse a partir de autores como Aristóteles, Vigotski, Jauss e, em especial, Georg Lukács. Busca relacionar as ideias desse esteta húngaro ao campo da educação e, principalmente, ao ensino da arte.
POR QUE ADORAMOS FILMES DE ZUMBIS? UMA ANÁLISE DA IMAGEM GROTESCA DE UM PRODUTO DA CULTURA DE MASSA EM COMPARAÇÃO COM A CULTURA CONSUMISTA PÓS-MODERNA
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Born Rodrigo Montandon
Published: January 2016

Este artigo busca fazer uma análise do fenômeno contido nos filmes comerciais de terror, especificamente os filmes de temática de mortos-vivos propondo articulações entre a imagem provocada pelos cineastas e artistas e a cultura de consumo decorrente do capitalismo. Se o cineasta, conforme propõe Jameson (1995) não é isolado de seu contexto político/social, poderiam estes filmes ser entendidos como possíveis imagens do que Lukács (1920) entende como a bancarrota da organização social capitalista? Em uma cultura aonde a morte e o esgotamento dos recursos, o caos e o lapso de sistemas são situações recorrentes, insistentemente "empurradas para debaixo dos panos" como poderiam estes filmes de temática tão banal serem reinterpretados como a própria imagem do capitalismo?
PROJETOS DE CULTURA VISUAL NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: OUTROS MODOS DE VER A CULTURA ESCOLAR
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Sardelich Maria Emilia , Nascimento Erinaldo Alves do ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paiva Camylla Ranylly Marques ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Published: January 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma das investigações do Grupo de Pesquisa em Ensino das Artes Visuais (GPEAV), da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), sobre projetos de Cultura Visual na Educação Básica, em contraste com as concepções de escola e currículo indicadas na Resolução CNE/CEB n. 4/2010. A pesquisa exploratória, de caráter bibliográfico e documental, analisou projetos publicados na Coleção Educação da Cultura Visual, editada pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM). O estudo conclui que os projetos de Cultura Visual na Educação Básica estendem as fronteiras do componente curricular do ensino de arte, devido ao posicionamento pedagógico que prioriza aquele que vê, a subjetividade que se relaciona com as visualidades, aberta a outras interpretações e modos de ver e pensar.
The Critical Spirit: Emotional and Moral Dimensions Critical Thinking
Authors: Holma Katariina
Published: January 2016

In this article, I will introduce and explore the critical spirit component of critical thinking and defend it as significant for the adequate conceptualization of critical thinking as an educational aim. The idea of critical spirit has been defended among others by such eminent supporters of critical thinking as John Dewey, Israel Scheffler, and Harvey Siegel but has not thus far been explored and analyzed sufficiently. I will argue that the critical spirit has, in addition to cognitive, also moral and emotional dimensions. Finally, I will touch upon some critiques which see that critical thinking either does not or ought not to involve moral or emotional dimensions.
Rousseau læser Platon. Et debatindlæg om virkningshistorie
Authors: Olsen Anne-Marie Eggert
Published: January 2016

Artiklen præsenterer i første del (A) det pædagogiske stof fra Platons Staten og Lovene, som Rousseau har læst og fundet inspiration i. Der plæderes for, at Rousseau optager og transponerer såvel principper som konkrete overvejelser uanset den forskelige historiske kontekst og de dermed sammenhængende forskellige udformninger og mål for opdragelsen. I anden del (B) diskuteres Rousseaus ’platonisme’ i mere overordnet filosofisk sammenhæng, og der argumenteres for, at Rousseaus utraditionelle, pædagogisk-filosofiske Platon-læsning dels kan ses at fremdrage underbelyste centrale tematikker i Platons filosofi, dels understreger deres stadige aktualitet.
New Work on Critical Thinking: Comments on Frímannsson, Holma and Ritola
Authors: Siegel Harvey
Published: January 2016

New Work on Critical Thinking: Comments on Frímannsson, Holma and Ritola
From Gender-segregated Subjects to Multi-material Craft: Craft Student Teachers’Views on the Future of the Craft Subject
Authors: Lepistö Jaana , Lindfors Eila
Published: January 2016

This paper describes the views of student teachers of craft about the future of craft as a school subject. The study was conducted at the University of Turku, Department of Teacher Education, in Rauma in 2014. The literature review revealed that the subject of craft in Finnish basic education is understood as a dialog between the maker and the materials. However, teaching and learning craft in schools and in teacher education has a strong gender-based tradition. The aim of this study is to investigate student teachers’ understanding of craft as a school subject in the future and their solutions to teaching craft in basic education. The data were collected from essays (N = 20) written by student teachers of craft. The essays were analyzed qualitatively using content analysis. The results showed that the student teachers of craft viewed holistic craft, reflective action readiness, entrepreneurial behaviour, multiple skills, the use of versatile materials, and craft as sources of pleasure and the main solutions for the future of craft as a subject.
Leder. FORMakademisk – både akademisk ledende og aktivt rekrutterende
Authors: Reitan Janne Beate
Published: January 2016

Mange av artiklene i FORMakademisk blir ofte lastet ned og sitert. Stipendiater publiserer stadig flere artikler i tidsskriftet for sine artikkelbaserte avhandlinger. Vi tror at FORMakademisk har bidratt til å gjøre artikkelbaserte doktorgrader innen design og designutdanning mulig, og ser dette som en anerkjennelse av FORMakademisk. Vi ønsker å opprettholde og ytterligere styrke vår posisjon som den fremste publiseringskanal for studenter og forskere innen design og designutdanning.Vi inviterer de mest etablerte forskerne til å publisere i FORMakademisk, men vi ønsker samtidig å bidra til å rekruttere yngre forskere til å publisere i tidsskriftet for å bidra til å videreutvikle forskningsfeltet. I år har vi invitert masterstudenter til å publisere fra sine masteravhandlinger, sammen med sine veiledere. Vi ser dette som viktig for å sikre kvalitet gjennom å bygge en ‘kritisk masse’ innen vårt forskningsfelt. Den første artikkelen som er et resultat av denne invitasjonen, blir publisert i dette nummeret.
In the age of the teaching artist? What teaching artists are and do
Authors: Ulvund Marit
Published: January 2016

The term teaching artist and the concept of teaching artistry developed in the USA in the 1970s, originating from artists performing this kind of work in New York City. Other terms, such as artist-teacher, creative agent, community artist, and others, are in use around the world. In Norway, the English term is often used; however, this author suggests the use of the Norwegian word “kunstnerlærer”. The review of recent research and literature, and observations of practice, recognizes the teaching artist as a professional artist working in and through the arts in an educational or community setting. Research in the practice field demonstrates that the teaching artist in programs and partnerships represent a new and effectual model for arts in education and community work, and a model acknowleding this is presented and discussed. The two first international teaching artist conferences (Oslo 2012, Brisbane 2014) confirm that a world community of teaching artists is emerging. However, the field has received relatively little attention from researchers, and the scholarship that does exist is limited to work in only a few countries. Coupled with the efficacy of the model, this study finds that there is a strong need for further exploration of ongoing and successful teaching artist practices, as well as a need for developing theory and concepts related to the competence needed by teaching artists. This article outlines a framework for teaching artistry and a definition of the teaching artist. In the context of the contemporary Norwegian arts and culture sector, the large potential in expanding teaching artistry practice are underscored.
“Det aller største mor vet om…”: Om å gi videre et levd liv med musikk og å formidle for lite
Authors: Vestad Ingeborg Lunde
Published: January 2016

Artikkelen dreier seg en mors inderlige ønske om å gi videre Prøysens barneviser til sin 5-årige sønn. Hun kjenner visene godt fra egen oppvekst, og har gode barndomsminner knyttet til dem. Selv beskriver hun formidlingen som «mislykket», for sønnen er ikke interessert. I artikkelen utforskes årsakene til at formidlingen «går galt» ved å se nærmere på morens forhold til barnevisene i egen barndom, radioens formidling av visene som del av barnetimeprogrammene og cd-platen moren har valgt for å formidle barnevisene til sønnen. Artikkelen er bygget på kvalitativt forskningsintervju med mor og sønn og arkivforskning er benyttet for å belyse radiomediet. Cd-platen er analysert som helhet, i tillegg til at det er gjort grundigere analyser av utvalgte viser. Ved å sammenholde datamaterialet med teoretiske perspektiver på musikk i hverdagsliv og perspektiver på medier, søker artikkelen å utdype morens opplevelse av barnevisene i voksen alder. Meningstilskrivelsene hun gjør når hun lytter til barnevisene på den aktuelle cd-platen sammenliknes med sønnens meningstilskrivelser. På bakgrunn av dette foreslås et begrep om «for-lite-mediering» – hypomediering – for å beskrive en mediering som er «for trang» for det intenderte budskapet og som hindrer barnets opplevelse heller enn å gi den næring slik at den blomstrer.
Møter med marginale røster i kunstdidaktikken
Authors: Aure Venke , Gjærum Rikke Gürgens
Published: January 2016

Artikkelen utforsker kunstdidaktikken fra et teoretisk begrepsutviklingsperspektiv og fremviser temanummerets fokus på marginale røster i og gjennom kunsten. Forfatterne belyser hvordan kunsten kan bidra med et mulighetsrom for å realisere et reelt kulturelt demokrati i samfunnet ved hjelp av samtidskunsteksempler og forslag om å utvikle en estetisk vitenskapsteori.
Hvem får være musikkelev? – kunstdidaktisk eller terapeutisk ståsted
Authors: Skogdal Elin
Published: January 2016

Denne artikkelen presenterer dagens situasjon for funksjonshemmedes deltakelse i musikkundervisning gjennom funn fra forskningsprosjektet «Mulighetenes musikk». I artikkelen diskuteres det hvorfor funksjonshemmede elever henvises til musikkterapi. Forfatteren presenterer de muligheter og utfordringer elever, musikkpedagoger, skoler og kulturskoler møter når de arbeider med en mer inkluderende musikkundervisning som mål. Studien «Mulighetenes musikk» viser klart at det er viktig for elevenes utvikling og inkludering, at det er et kunstdidaktisk perspektiv og ikke et terapeutisk perspektiv som styrer mål, innhold og gjennomføring av undervisningen. Å gi alle elevene et instrument å spille på kan ses som en utfordring, men ved å ta i bruk tilpasset musikkteknologi som instrument kan utfordringen forvandles til mange muligheter som kan utforskes og utprøves i musikalsk samspill med elevene.  At flere får muligheten til å komme med sine musikalske innspill, kan ses som en demokratiserende prosess av både musikkrom og samfunn, men for å gjøre denne muligheten tilgjengelig for flere, har vi funnet at det er et stort behov for kunnskap på alle nivåene i skole- og utdanningssystemet.
Marginale røster i musikkrommet: Mulighetenes musikk
Authors: Berg-Olsen Einar
Published: January 2016

Artikkelen handler om hvordan tilpasset musikkteknologi kan skape nye muligheter for estetiske uttrykk for elever med funksjonsnedsettelser. Målet er at elevene skal kunne oppleve en aktiv deltakelse i egen musikkopplæring. Den baserer seg på funnene fra forskningsprosjektet «Mulighetenes musikk» som er gjennomført av musikkpedagoger ved SKUG-senteret i Tromsø. I artikkelen presenteres aktuell og relevant forskning på tilpasset musikkteknologi for å vise hvilke muligheter for deltakelse i musikkundervisning som ligger i det å aktivt ta i bruk teknologiske nyvinninger i en kunstdidaktisk kontekst. Det presenteres funn fra deltakende observasjon og kvalitative forskningsintervjuer med unge voksne elever, samt lærere, programmerere, teknologer og musikkdidaktikere.
Levd skuespillerliv og rolletildeling. En studie av kvinner i norsk institusjonsteater
Authors: Gjærum Rikke Gürgens , Vollan Ingrid , Bjerkestrand Karin Brunvathne
Published: January 2016

Artikkelen presenterer funn fra den kvalitative studien Kvinner i norsk teater (KIT).  Forskerne har undersøkt kvinnelige skuespilleres opplevelser av rolletildeling i norske institusjonsteatre, sett i et livsløpsperspektiv. Studien bygger på 20 kvalitative forskningsintervju av et strategisk utvalg kvinnelige skuespillere fra små og store institusjonsteatre. Vi drøfter dataene i lys av feminisme og løfter frem seks tema i artikkelen: 1.Repertoar, 2. Utseendefokus, 3. Alderisme, 4. Rolletyper, 5. Rolleønsker, 6. Adelsmerket byttes ut? og 7. Endringsprosesser. I KIT-studien finner vi både skuespillere som er aktive og skapende innovatører og skuespillere som er skapende, men mer passive utøvere.  Et sentralt funn er at suksesskriteriet for å få et berikende arbeidsliv i dag for kvinnelige skuespillere på norske institusjonsteatre handler om å tørre å ‘ta skjeen i egen hånd’ for å unngå marginalisering og alderisme innenfor institusjonen.
Sukumiwa Mpakani – et demokratisk teatereksperiment?
Authors: Bjørnstad Gunhild Brænne
Published: January 2016

Artikkelen tar utgangspunkt i en kunstpraksis i Tanzania og bruker musikalen Sukumiwa Mpakani, en swahili hiphopmusikal, som forskningsobjekt. Artikkelen utforsker hvordan vi som kunstpedagoger kan bruke vår praksis som bakgrunn for demokratisk dannelse av både deltagerne i prosjektet, oss selv og av lokal etablert kunstpraksis. Diskusjonen tar opp temaer som kom frem under intervjuer med initiativtagerne underveis i prosessen, samt refleksjoner etter at prosjektet var avsluttet. Ved å benytte en gatekultur som scenisk form utfordres etablerte kunstpraksiser og kunstforståelser i Tanzania.
First steps of bipedality in hominids: evidence from the atelid and proconsulid pelvis
Authors: Machnicki Allison L. , Spurlock Linda B. , Strier Karen B. , Reno Philip L. , Lovejoy C. Owen
Published: January 2016

Upright walking absent a bent-hip-bent-knee gait requires lumbar lordosis, a ubiquitous feature in all hominids for which it can be observed. Its first appearance is therefore a central problem in human evolution. Atelids, which use the tail during suspension, exhibit demonstrable lordosis and can achieve full extension of their hind limbs during terrestrial upright stance. Although obviously homoplastic with hominids, the pelvic mechanisms facilitating lordosis appear largely similar in both taxa with respect to abbreviation of upper iliac height coupled with broad sacral alae. Both provide spatial separation of the most caudal lumbar(s) from the iliac blades. A broad sacrum is therefore a likely facet of earliest hominid bipedality. All tailed monkeys have broad alae. By contrast all extant apes have very narrow sacra, which promote “trapping” of their most caudal lumbars to achieve lower trunk rigidity during suspension. The alae in the tailless proconsulEkembo nyanzaeappear to have been quite broad, a character state that may have been primitive in Miocene hominoids not yet adapted to suspension and, by extension, exaptive for earliest bipedality in the hominid/panid last common ancestor. This hypothesis receives strong support from other anatomical systems preserved inArdipithecus ramidus.
Goodness of fit to a mathematical model for Drosophila sleep behavior is reduced in hyposomnolent mutants
Authors: Diamond Joshua M.
Published: January 2016

The conserved nature of sleep in Drosophila has allowed the fruit fly to emerge in the last decade as a powerful model organism in which to study sleep. Recent sleep studies in Drosophila have focused on the discovery and characterization of hyposomnolent mutants. One common feature of these animals is a change in sleep architecture: sleep bout count tends to be greater, and sleep bout length lower, in hyposomnolent mutants. I propose a mathematical model, produced by least-squares nonlinear regression to fit the formY=aX∧b, which can explain sleep behavior in the healthy animal as well as previously-reported changes in total sleep and sleep architecture in hyposomnolent mutants. This model, fit to sleep data, yields coefficient of determinationRsquared, which describes goodness of fit.Rsquared is lower, as compared to control, in hyposomnolent mutantsinsomniacandfumin. My findings raise the possibility that lowRsquared is a feature of all hyposomnolent mutants, not justinsomniacandfumin. If this were the case,Rsquared could emerge as a novel means by which sleep researchers might assess sleep dysfunction.
Does suicidal desire moderate the association between frontal delta power and psychological pain?
Authors: Meerwijk Esther L. , Weiss Sandra J.
Published: January 2016

Psychological pain frequently underlies thoughts of suicide. We investigated if recent suicidal desire moderated the association between potential neurophysiological markers and psychological pain assessed on the Psychache Scale (PS) and the Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Questionnaire (OMMP). The OMMP specifically assesses current psychological pain that may more readily capture emotions present during recent suicidal desire. In contrast, the PS leaves the timeframe undefined. A secondary analysis was conducted of resting-state EEG data and heart rate obtained in adults with a history of depression. In simultaneous multiple regression models, while controlling for depressive symptoms, recent suicidal desire moderated associations with right-frontal EEG delta power (ΔR2= .07,p< .01) and low-frequency heart rate variability (nonsignificantly) for pain assessed on the PS. No indication for moderation was found for pain on the OMMP. The relationship between the two measures of psychological pain was stronger for individuals with recent suicidal desire (r= .75,p< .01 vs.r= .50,p< .05). The findings suggest that, unless a respondent’s psychological pain is recent and substantial, the PS may not capture the intensity of current psychological pain as effectively as the OMMP.
Production of Silver Nanoparticle Chains inside Single Wall Carbon Nanotube with a Simple Liquid Phase Adsorption
Authors: Alimin Alimin , Narsito Narsito , Kartini Indriana , Santosa Sri J.
Published: January 2016

This article described a successful growing of silver nanoparticle chains (AgNPs) within the internal spaces of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The use of ethanol in the liquid phase adsorption could produce relatively long silver nanoparticle chains encapsulated in the nanotubes (AgNPs-SWCNT). A significant decrease of nitrogen uptake and radial breathing mode (RBM) as well as tan-gential mode (G band) upshifts of AgNPs-SWCNT specimen suggest that the nanoparticles have been encapsulated in the internal tube spaces of the nanotube. The presence of metallic silvers on the exter-nal surface of the carbon nanotube that was observed by scanning electron microscope and examined by X-ray diffraction technique was successfully able to be removed by ultrasonic using 1 M HNO3. The remaining small residue obtained after thermal gravimetric analysis up to 1100 K supports the sugges-tion on the presence of silver encapsulated inside SWCNT. Copyright © 2015 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Production of Oleic Acid Ethyl Ester Catalyzed by Crude Rice Bran (Oryza sativa) Lipase in a Modified Fed-batch System: A Problem and its Solution
Authors: Prastowo Indro , Hidayat Chusnul , Hastuti Pudji
Published: January 2016

A fed-batch system was modified for the enzymatic production of Oleic Acid Ethyl Ester (OAEE) using rice bran (Oryza sativa) lipase by retaining the substrate molar ratio (ethanol/oleic acid) at 2.05:1 during the reaction. It resulted in an increase in the ester conversion of up to 76.8% in the first 6 h of the reaction, which was then followed by a decrease from 76.8% to 22.9% in 6 h later. The production of water in the reaction system also showed a similar trend. The water was hypothesized to lead lipase to reverse the reaction which resulted in a decrease in both (water and esters) in the last 6 h of the reac- tion. In order to overcome the problem, zeolite powder (25 and 50 mg/mL) were added into the reaction system at 5 h of the reaction. As the result, the final ester conversions increased drastically up to 90 - 95.7%. Thus, the combination of a constant substrate molar ratio (ethanol/oleic acid) during the reaction (at 2.05:1) with the addition of zeolite powder (25 and 50 mg/mL) to the reaction system at 5 h is effective for the enzymatic synthesis of OAEE. Copyright © 2015 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Utilization of Renewable and Waste Materials for Biodiesel Production as Catalyst
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Sarma Anil Kumar , Jha M. K. , Bansal Ajay , Srivastava Bharvee
Published: January 2016

The efficient and economic utilization of natural renewable and waste materials of various industries and biomass having non-homogeneous composition is a new dimension of research for biodiesel pro- duction. A combination of these renewable, waste materials and traditional heterogeneous catalyst can also be looked after for the possible solution of heterogeneous catalytic transesterification. This review discusses industrially derived and naturally occurring materials containing calcium, sodium, potassium etc, which were found instrumental for biodiesel production. About 60 research articles and patents have been reviewed and the findings are analysed in this article for developing industrial scale heterogeneous catalytic pilot plant facilities for biodiesel production. © 2015 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Non-Catalytic and γ-Al2O3 Catalyst-based Degradation of Glycerol by Sonication Method
Authors: Kalla Ruslan , Sumarno Sumarno , Mahfud Mahfud
Published: January 2016

This research aims to study the effect of the addition of the catalyst γ-Al2O3 on the degradation of glyc-erol with using sonication method. This degradation reaction performed with the aid of a catalyst γ-Al2O3 or without a catalyst. Reactants were prepared from glycerol-water mixture with a mass ratio of 1:8. Experiment was carried out in a batch reactor at atmospheric pressure, temperature range be-tween 30-70 °C for 10-90 min. The products, which were degraded from glycerol, were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The results showed that the ultrasonic wave radiation could degrade glycerol. The glycerol conversion was 2.92%-59.95% without employing catalyst, while the conversion of glycerol increased with adding γ-Al2O3.catalyst. It was found that methanol, allyl alcohol and acrolein were deg-radation products. Copyright © 2015 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
In-situ Polymerization of Styrene to Produce Polystyrene / Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Mrah Lahouari , Megabar Rachid , Belbachir Mohammed
Published: January 2016

A reactive cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was synthesized for intercalation of montmorillonite Mmt, a Maghnite type of clay. The pristine montmorillonite (Mmt) was obtained from Algerian plant with a cation exchange, Organophilic Mmt, was prepared by ion exchange between Na+ ions in the clay. CTAB-intercalated Mmt particles were easily dispersed and swollen in styrene monomer, PS/Mmt-CTAB nanocomposites were synthesized via in-situ polymerization, in-situ polymerization, this method is based on the swelling of the silicate layers with the liquid polymer. The polymer composites were characterized using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), The results were showed that, the basal space of the silicate layer increased, as determined by XRD, from 12.79 to 32.603 Å. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that exfoliation of Mmt was achieved. In this current research, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and  force atomic microscopy (AFM) were also studied. Copyright © 2015 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Total Oxidation of CO Using Cu & Co Catalyst: Kinetic Study and Calcinations Effect
Authors: Rattan Gaurav , Kaur Rajwant
Published: January 2016

The present study deals with the oxidation of CO using base metal catalysts. A series of copper cobalt with different mole ratios were prepared by wet-impregnation method calcined at 400 oC for 3 h for the oxidation of CO. The mole ratios were varied from 1:1 to 1:5 by varying the weight of nitrates accord-ingly. It was found that 1:3 and 1:4 are active catalyst among the other prepared catalysts. Further, the two catalysts (1:3 & 1:4) were prepared by co-precipitation and citric sol-gel methods in order to see the effect of preparation method. The results showed that the catalyst prepared by co-precipitation method is good in terms of activity for CO oxidation. The best selected catalyst was characterized by TGA/DSC and XRD. Kinetic study was also performed on the selected catalyst. Copyright © 2015 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Preface, BCREC Vol. 10 No. 3 Year 2015
Authors: Istadi Istadi
Published: January 2016

Preface, BCREC Vol. 10 No. 3 Year 2015
The Membrane Marker mCLING Reveals the Molecular Composition of Trafficking Organelles
Authors: Revelo Natalia H. , Rizzoli Silvio O.
Published: January 2016

mCLING is a fixable endocytosis marker that can be combined with immunolabeling techniques to study the molecular composition of trafficking organelles. mCLING can be used both in cultured cells and in tissue if critical sample preparation steps, such as fixation, are correctly performed. This unit describes protocols for the application of mCLING and for the subsequent sample processing. We include immunostaining protocols and embedding procedures for confocal and high‐resolution microscopy. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Selective Depletion of Abundant RNAs to Enable Transcriptome Analysis of Low‐Input and Highly Degraded Human RNA
Authors: Munafó Daniela B. , Langhorst Bradley W. , Chater Christine L. , Sumner Christine J. , Rodríguez Deyra N. , Russello Salvatore , Gardner Andrew F. , Slatko Barton E. , Stewart Fiona J. , Sinicropi Dominick , Morlan John , Qu Kunbin , Dimalanta Eileen T. , Davis Theodore B.
Published: January 2016

Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are extremely abundant, often constituting 80% to 90% of total RNA. Since rRNA sequences are often not of interest in genomic RNA sequencing experiments, rRNAs can be removed from the sample before the library preparation step, in order to prevent the majority of the library and the majority of sequencing reads from being rRNA. Removal of rRNA can be especially challenging for low quality and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) RNA samples due to the fragmented nature of these RNA molecules. The NEBNext rRNA Depletion Kit (Human/Mouse/Rat) depletes both cytoplasmic (5 S rRNA, 5.8 S rRNA, 18 S rRNA, and 28 S rRNA) and mitochondrial rRNA (12 S rRNA and 16 S rRNA) from total RNA preparations from human, mouse, and rat samples. Due to the high similarity among mammalian rRNA sequences, it is likely that rRNA depletion can also be achieved for other mammals but has not been empirically tested. This product is compatible with both intact and degraded RNA (e.g., FFPE RNA). The resulting rRNA‐depleted RNA is suitable for RNA‐seq, random‐primed cDNA synthesis, or other downstream RNA analysis applications. Regardless of the quality or amount of input RNA, this method efficiently removes rRNA, while retaining non‐coding and other non‐poly(A) RNAs. The NEBNext rRNA Depletion Kit thus provides a more complete picture of the transcript repertoire than oligo d(T) poly(A) mRNA enrichment methods. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.