bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A review of modern methods for operative treatment of small diaphragmatic hernias and gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors:   Tver State Medical University, Rosenfeld I.I.
Published: November 2021

The article presents a review of literature dated 2011-2020 devoted to results of surgical treatment of small diaphragmatic hernias and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Small hernias are encountered with the frequency of 90%. The study discusses modern problems in application of different surgical methods for treatment of this pathology. Based on the review of domestic and foreign literature, we aimed to determine advantages of laparoscopic ant-reflux surgery versus conservative treatment and open surgery methods. Search for the materials was carried out in Scopus, Web of science, PubMed, e-library, Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, Google Scholar and AGRIS databases. The keywords used were “small diaphragmatic hernias”, “operative treatment” and “gastroesophageal reflux disease”. The purpose of search for literature was to reveal main indications and selection criteria for laparoscopic ant-reflux surgery as well as to draw a comparison between results of cruroraphia and Nissen fundoplication by the frequency of relapse and complications. Additionally, we aimed to compare different operative techniques for fundoplication and to determine the most optimal one for improvement of the patients’ quality of life. Advantages of laparoscopic anti-reflux surgery in comparison with conservative treatment and open surgery methods have been revealed.
Casuistics of primary metastatic ovarian cancer in pregnancy
Authors:   Helios Hospital, Friedrich M. , Friedrich D. ,   Helios Hospital, Terjung A. ,   Helios Hospital, Rogmans G. ,   Helios Hospital, Frieling T. ,   Helios Clinic, Kraft C. ,   Helios Clinic, Hemmerlein B. ,   Helios Clinic, Khudyakov A. ,   Helios Hospital
Published: November 2021

Malignancies during pregnancy are usually treated similarly to the malignancies in non-pregnant patients. Results of controlled therapeutic trials are typically not available. However, registered studies associated with some of the most common malignancies exist. In case of ovarian cancer, due to its rarity – especially with the primary metastatic cases – only individual case reports are available. The article presents a case with par aortal abdominal, thoracic and cervical lymph node metastasis in a 33-years-old pregnant female. She was treated with primary systemic chemotherapy since early pregnancy. At 32 weeks of gestation, the patient gave birth to a girl (1460g) by caesarean section. Subsequently, the patient received 3 more cycles of chemotherapy with carboplatin/paclitaxel and bevacizumab for 30 months as well as letrozole maintenance therapy. Three years after the initial diagnosis, complete instrumental assessment showed unremarkable results without tumour recurrence.
Aprendizagem por projetos sociais
Authors: Silva Marco Antonio Morgado da , Araújo Ulisses Ferreira de
Published: November 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é explorar se o envolvimento de jovens em ações morais, no contexto da metodologia da Aprendizagem por Projetos Sociais (Service-Learning), favorece a integração de conteúdos morais a suas representações de si. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa e corte longitudinal, possui caráter exploratório e foi realizada com 19 jovens do sexo feminino, com média de 17 anos de idade, protagonistas de dois Projetos Sociais desenvolvidos como parte da grade curricular do 3º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola particular localizada na cidade de São Paulo (Brasil). A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante a aplicação de um questionário aberto sobre representação de si antes e após os referidos projetos (pré e pós-teste), e a análise dos dados foi feita à luz da Teoria dos Modelos Organizadores do Pensamento. Dezoito das 19 participantes da pesquisa ampliaram ou operaram mudanças na integração de conteúdos morais a suas representações de si. Dessas, 13 mencionaram o Projeto Social em suas representações de si e oito fizeram referência a novos conteúdos morais relacionados ao projeto. Em linhas gerais, os resultados sugerem que o protagonismo de jovens em intervenções sobre demandas sociais, mediante a metodologia da Aprendizagem por Projetos Sociais, pode favorecer a integração de conteúdos morais a suas representações de si, constituindo importante ferramenta para a educação em valores e para a cidadania.
O entrelace da caricatura com as curvas de Bézier
Authors: Dias Josemeire Machado , Santos Tarsis de Carvalho
Published: November 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar uma Prática Pedagógica realizada com 28 alunos da disciplina Computação Gráfica II, do curso de Design da Universidade do Estado da Bahia – UNEB, realizada no segundo semestre de 2019, em Salvador, Bahia. As observações foram pautadas em uma abordagem qualitativa de cunho descritivo do tipo Relato de Experiência. A elaboração da Prática teve como motivação as dificuldades de ensino enfrentadas face ao delineamento das seis disciplinas de Computação Gráfica do curso de Design, que ao se apresentarem como disciplinas subservientes às outras disciplinas do curso provocou um esvaziamento na apresentação de conteúdos, considerados fundamentais para a atuação do designer. A Prática denominada de “O entrelace da caricatura com as curvas de Bézier”  contribuiu para uma mudança no processo de ensino e aprendizagem instituído na disciplina, apresentando como principais resultados o aumento da colaboração em sala de aula, protagonismo do aluno e do professor na troca de estratégias para além do sugerido, elaboração de produtos com maior comprometimento e a transcendência das produções em sala de aula para outros espaços, que permitem a divulgação das atividades desenvolvidas no curso.
Is International Relations Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution?
Authors: Wang Yiquan
Published: November 2021

Whether international relations are a solution to the problem or a way to provoke war is worth discussing. The Democratic Peace Theory under Liberalism holds that all democracies (or, more accurately, all liberal democracies) will not or rarely go to war with another. This theory is further explored in depth the link between democracy and peace. This paper analyzes the situation in Afghanistan, North Korea’s nuclear program and the United States intervention in the world. Finally, it is concluded that international relations theory can solve regional problems and lead to conflict and war. In other words, international relations are both parts of the problem and part of the solution to the issues in international affairs.
Laboratory measurements of the erodibility of gravelly soils
Authors: López-Soto Jamie F. , Robbins Bryant A.
Published: November 2021

The critical shear stress and erodibility of soil are fundamental parameters for modeling embankment breaching. Unfortunately, very few studies have examined the erosion characteristics of soils consisting predominantly of particles larger than sand. This report presents results of an experimental study in which the erosion characteristics of gravelly soils were measured. A flume apparatus was developed in which 0.45-m-square samples were extruded into confined flow. A mechanical laser system allowed the measurement of scour in real time, resulting in a continuous and automated erosion test. The critical shear stress of a uniform gravel was found to match the expected values based on the Shields diagram, while tests that were composed largely of gravel but contained other soils, such as sand, silt, and clay, varied significantly with the critical shear stress and erodibility, depending highly on the characteristics of the finer soils.
Revealing Key LncRNAs in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Reconstruction of the LncRNA–miRNA–mRNA Network Based on the Competitive Endogenous RNA Theory
Authors: Sun Tao , Dong Lin , Guo Yan , Zhao Hai , Wang Manzhi
Published: November 2021

Background

Cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia(CN-AML) is a heterogeneous disease with different prognosis.Researches on prognostic indicators and therapy targets of CN-AML are still ongoing.Instead of protein-coding genes,more and more researches were focused on the non-coding RNAs especially long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) which may play an important role in the development and prognosis of AML.Although a large number of lncRNAs had been found, our knowledge of their function and pathological significance is still in its infancy.The purpose of this research is to identify the key lncRNAs and explore their function in CN-AML by reconstructing the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network based on the competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA) theory.
Results

We reconstructed a global triple network based on the ceRNA theory using the data from National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus and published literature. According to the topological algorithm,we identified the key lncRNAs which had both the higher node degrees and the higher number of lncRNA–miRNA and miRNA–mRNA pairs in the ceRNA network. Meanwhile, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis were performed using databases such as DAVID,KOBAS and Cytoscape plug-in ClueGO respectively.The lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network was composed of 90 lncRNAs,33mRNAs,26 miRNAs and 259 edges in the lncRNA upregulated group,and 18 lncRNAs,11 mRNAs,6 miRNAs and 45 edges in the lncRNA downregulated group.The functional assay showed that 53 pathways and 108 GO terms were enriched. Three lncRNAs(XIST,GABPB1-AS1,TUG1)could possibly be selected as key lncRNAs wihch may play an important role in the development of CN-AML.Particularly,GABPB1-AS1 was highly expressed in CN-AML by both bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification in AML cell line(THP-1) by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.In addition, GABPB1-AS1 was also negatively correlated with overall survival of AML patients.
Conclusion

The lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA network revealed key lncRNAs and their functions in CN-AML.Particularly,lncRNA GABPB1-AS1 was firstly proposed in AML.We believe that GABPB1-AS1 is expected to become a candidate diagnostic biomarker or potential therapeutic target.
Environmental Stratification in Trials of Unbalanced Multiyear Soybean (Glycine max (l.) Merril) via the Integration of GGE Biplot Graphs and Networks of Environmental Similarity
Authors: Cupertino Fernanda , Silva Francisco Charles Santos , Carneiro Pedro Crescêncio Souza , Peternelli Luiz Alexandre , Bhering Leonardo Lopes , Silva Felipe Lopes da
Published: November 2021

Genotype x enviroment (GE) interaction can difficult soybean breeding programs to atieve the aim of obtain more productive cultivars. Enviroment stratification is a way to circunvent this problem. This work aimed to gather GGE Biplot graphs of a network of trials unbalance multiyear soybean via matrices of coincidence and networks of enviroment to optimize environmental stratification. Data from an experimental network of 43 trials was used, these experiments were implanted during the crop seasons of 2011/12, 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2015/16 in Brazil. The GE interaction were statistically significant for all 43 trials. The step by step of our analses was: GGE Biplots graphs were obtained; the enviroment coincidence matrices were calculated; the values of matrices were used for to obtain the networks of environmental similarity. The study demonstrated that by the method was possible to identify, using unbalanced multiyear data, the formation of four mega-environments. Therefore, integrating GGE Biplot graphs and networks of environmental similarity is an efficient method to optimize a soybean program by environment stratification.
Generalized Additive Models Analysis of the Atmospheric Pollutants Response to the Emission Reduction and Meteorology During the COVID-19 Lockdown in the North of Africa (Morocco)
Authors: sbai salah eddine , Bentayeb farida , Yin Hao
Published: November 2021

Climate and air quality change due to COVID 19 lockdown (LCD) are extremely concerned subjects of several research recently. The contribution of meteorological factors and emission reduction to air pollution change over the north of Morocco has been investigated in this study using the framework generalized additive models (GAM), that have been proved to be a robust technique for the environmental data sets, focusing on main atmospheric pollutants in the region including ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), nom-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and carbon monoxide (CO) from the regional air pollution dataset of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). Our results indicate that secondary air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10 and O3) are more influenced by metrological factors and the other air pollutants reported by this study in comparison with primary air pollutants (NO2 and SO2). We found that meteorological factors contribute to O3, PM2.5, PM10 and SIA average mass concentration by 22%, 5%, 3% and 34% before LCD and by 28%, 19%, 5% and 42% during LCD respectively. The increase in meteorological factors effect during LCD shows the contribution of photochemical oxidation to air pollution due to increase in atmospheric oxidant (O3 and OH radical) during LCD, which can explain the response of PM to emission reduction. Our study indicates that PM (PM2.5, PM10) has more controlled by SO2 due to the formation of sulfate particles especially under high oxidants level. The positive correlation between westward wind at 10m (WW10M), Northward Wind at 10m (NW10M) and PM indicates the implication of sea salt particles transported from Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. This study shows the contribution of atmospheric oxidation capacity to air pollution change.
Establishment of 3D Spheroid Human Dermal Papilla Cells as an Effective Model for Hair Growth Screening Compounds Compared with the 2D System: An Example of Minoxidil and 3,4,5-Tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (TCQA)
Authors: Bejaoui Meriem , Oliva Aprill Kee , Ke May Sin , Ferdousi Farhana , Isoda Hiroko
Published: November 2021

IntroductionDermal papilla cells (DPc) is an important element in studying the hair follicle (HF) niche. The human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) are widely used as an in vitro model to study hair growth related research. These cells are usually grown in 2D culture, nevertheless, this system did not show efficient therapeutic effect on HF regeneration and growth, and key differences were observed between cell activity in vitro and in vivo. ObjectiveRecent studies have showed that HFDPC grown in 3D hanging spheroids is more morphologically akin to intact DPc microenvironment. This current study showed that the 3D model is applicable to the commercial cell line with new insights on its variability by comparing to previous studies of gene signature restored by 3D culture.Methods and Results Our data demonstrated that HFDPCS grown in 3D in vitro model can influence not only hair growth-related pathways but also immune system -related pathways compared to 2D cell monolayer. Furthermore, we compared the expression of signalling molecules and metabolism-associated proteins of HFDPC in minoxidil (FDA approved drug for hair loss treatment) and 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (TCQA) (recently found to induce hair growth in vitro and in vivo) treated 3D and 2D cell cultures using microarray analysis. Conclusion Further validation of the results confirms the suitability of this cell line for 3D model while providing new insights such as to the mechanisms behind the hair growth effects of 3D spheroid treated with hair growth promoting agents.
Nanobody-Mediated Inhibition of P2X7 on Microglia Improves Stroke Outcome
Authors: Wilmes Maximilian , Espinoza Carolina Pinto , Ludewig Peter , Liesz Arthur , Nicke Annette , Gelderblom Mathias , Gerloff Christian , Falzoni Simonetta , Tolosa Eva , Virgilio Francesco Di , Rissiek Björn , Plesnilla Nikolaus , Koch-Nolte Friedrich , Magnus Tim
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that purinergic receptors could be therapeutic targets to modulate the inflammatory response in multiple brain disease models. However, tools for the selective and efficient targeting of these receptors are scarce. The new development of P2X7-specific nanobodies (nbs) enables us to effectively block the P2X7-channel.MethodsTemporary middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in wildtype and P2X7-transgenic mice was used as a model for ischemic stroke. ATP release was assessed in transgenic ATP sensor mice. Stroke size was measured without treatment and after injection of P2X7-specific nbs i.v. and i.c.v. directly before tMCAO-surgery. P2X7-GFP expressing transgenic mice were used to show immunhistochemically P2X7 distribution in the brain. In vitro cultured microglia were used to investigate calcium-influx, pore-formation via DAPI uptake, caspase 1 activation and IL-1b release after incubation with P2X7-specific nbs. ResultsATP sensor mice showed an increase of ATP-release in the ischemic hemisphere compared to the contralateral hemisphere or sham mice up to 24 h after stroke. We could further verify the role of the ATP-P2X7 axis in P2X7-overexpressing mice, which showed significantly greater stroke volumes after 24 h. In vitro experiments with primary microglia cells showed that P2X7-specific nanobodies were capable of dampening the ATP-trigged calcium-influx and formation of membrane pores measured by Fluo4 fluorescence or DAPI uptake. We found a lower caspase 1 activity and a subsequently lower IL-1b release. However, the intravenous (i.v.) injection of P2X7-specific nanobodies compared to isotype controls before the tMCAO-surgery did not result in smaller stroke size compared to isotype controls. As demonstrated by FACS, nbs had only reached brain infiltrating macrophages but not microglia. To reach microglia, we injected the P2X7-spezific nbs or the isotype directly intraventricularly (icv). 30 mg of P2X7-specific nbs proved efficient for microglial targeting, reducing post-stroke microglia activation and stroke size significantly.ConclusionHere, we demonstrate the importance of locally produced ATP for the tissue damage observed in ischemic stroke and we show the potential of icv injected P2X7-specific nbs to reduce ischemic tissue damage.
Preliminary report on landslide early warning on August 20, 2021,in Nangqian County, Qinghai Province, China
Authors: Wang Xiangpeng , Lin Fanqiang , Shen Di , Sun Zhiyong
Published: November 2021

Based on the analysis of its formation mechanism, stability state and development trend, this paper focuses on monitoring key indicators such as surface deformation and rainfall to realize early warning of landslide and provide some guidance for landslide disaster prevention and avoidance in the alpine mountainous area of Nangqian, Qinghai Province. The landslide of the Baima Elin Monetary has the topographic and geomorphological conditions of landslide formation, and has the basic characteristics of being influenced by rainfall and climate, so the warning of the landslide should be comprehensive. At the same time, the current situation of the landslide is in an unstable state, and the seasonal freeze-thaw cycle will cause its stability to weaken further. Through macroscopic signs, it is predicted that the deformation of Baima Elin Monetary landslide will continue to intensify without a sign of abatement, and the stability will be further reduced after winter, tending to develop in an unfavorable direction, and engineering measures should be taken as soon as possible to manage it.
Estimating the Influence of High Temperature on Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Incidence in China
Authors: Luan Guijie , Liu Shaonan , Zhang Weiyan , Zhai Long , Zhang Yingjie , Sun Liang , Yao Hongyan
Published: November 2021

The burden of disease caused by ambient high temperature has become a public health concern, but the association between high temperature and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remain indistinct. We used Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM) to estimate the burden of disease attribute to high temperature, adjusting for long-term trend and weather confounders. Total 18167455 cases were reported in 31 Chinese provinces, the incidence of HFMD showed a gradually increasing trend from 2008 to 2017 in China. Minimum Mortality Temperature (MMT) was mainly concentrated at 17°C to 23°C in the age group less than 5 years old, 18°C to 25°C in the age group 6~10 years old and 19°C to 27°C in the age group above 10 years old. The greatest RR in age group 0~5 years old was 2.06 (95%CI: 1.85~2.30) in Heilongjiang, and the lowest RR was 1.02 (95%CI: 1.00~1.05) in Guangdong; the greatest RR in age group 6~10 years old was 2.24 (95%CI: 1.72~2.91) in Guizhou, and the lowest RR was 1.01 (95%CI: 0.97~1.12) in Tianjin; the greatest RR in the age group over 10 years old was 2.53 (95%CI: 1.66~3.87) in Heilongjiang, and the lowest RR 1.02 (95%CI: 0.71~1.46) in Henan. We found the positive association between high temperature and HFMD in China.
Simulating Epileptic Seizures using the Bidomain Model
Authors: Schreiner Jakob , Mardal Kent-Andre
Published: November 2021

Epileptic seizures are due to excessive and synchronous neural activity. Extensive modelling of seizures has been done on the neuronal level, but it remains a challenge to scale these models up to whole brain models. Measurements of the brain’s activity over several spatiotemporal scales follow a power-law distribution in terms of frequency. During normal brain activity, the power-law exponent is often found to be around 2 for frequencies between a few Hz and up to 150 Hz, but is higher during seizures and for higher frequencies. The Bidomain model has been used with success in modelling the electrical activity of the heart, but has been explored far less in the context of the brain. This study extends previous models of epileptic seizures on the neuronal level to the whole brain using the Bidomain model. Our approach is evaluated in terms of power-law distributions. The electric potentials were simulated in 7 idealized 2D models and 3 MRI-derived 3D patient-specific models. Computed electric potentials were found to follow power-law distribtions with slopes ranging from 2 to 5 for frequencies greater than 10-30 Hz.
A Global View of Observed Changes in Fire Weather Extremes: Uncertainties and Attribution To Climate Change.
Authors: Liu Zhongwei , Eden Jonathan M. , Dieppois Bastien , Blackett Matthew
Published: November 2021

In many parts of the world, wildfires have become more frequent and intense in recent decades, raising concerns about the extent to which climate change contributes to the nature of extreme fire weather occurrences. However, studies seeking to attribute fire weather extremes to climate change are hitherto relatively rare and show large disparities depending on the employed methodology. Here, an empirical-statistical method is implemented as part of a global probabilistic framework to attribute recent changes in the likelihood and magnitude of extreme fire weather. The results show that the likelihood of climate-related fire risk has increased by at least a factor of four in approximately 40% of the world’s fire-prone regions as a result of rising global temperature. In addition, a set of recent fire weather events, occurring during a recent 5-year period (2014-2018) and identified as exceptional due to the extent to which they exceed previous maxima, are, in most cases, associated with an increase likelihood resulting from rising global temperature. The study’s conclusions highlight important uncertainties and sensitivities associated with the selection of indices and metrics to represent extreme fire weather and their implications for the findings of attribution studies. Among the recommendations made for future efforts to attribute fire weather extremes is the consideration of multiple fire weather indicators and communication of their sensitivities.
Complete Genome Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Red Seabream Iridovirus Isolated From a Cage-Cultured Small Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys Polyactis) in China
Authors: Wang Gengshen , Xu Wei , Cheng Haoxue , Xie Jianjun , Bai Aixu , Xu Wenjun , Liang Qizhang
Published: November 2021

Iridoviruses are emerging pathogens widely spread in diverse environments and hosts. Numerous species of the iridoviridae family are known to cause severe disease in freshwater and marine organisms. Here, we report the complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the iridovirus strain LPIV-ZS-2021 isolated from a small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) in China. The genome sequence comprises 110,560 bp with a G+C content of 53.42%, has 104 putative open reading frames (ORFs) and shares highest sequence homology with Red red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) isolated in Japan (98.61%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it is clustered within RSIV clade1. This is the first fully sequenced RSIV genomes detected in the small yellow croaker. The host range expansion of Megalocytivirus genus iridovirus warrants further attention to determine its potential economic and ecological impact.
Packaging Composite Films Fabricated from Cellulose Pulp with Polyurethane and Curcumin by Using NMMO ionic Liquid Solvent
Authors: Jo Chaehyun , Kim Sam Soo , Ramalingam Srinivasan , S Prabakaran D. , Rukmanikrishnan Balasubramanian , Lee Jaewoong
Published: November 2021

Cellulose pulp (CP), polyurethane (PU), and curcumin-based biocompatible composite films were prepared using a simple cost-effective method. These materials dissolved well in the ionic liquid solvent N-methylmorpholine N-oxide. Significant structural and microstructural changes were observed in CP upon the addition of PU. These changes were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The 5% and 10% gravimetric losses of the CP/PU/curcumin composite were found to be in the range 87.2–182.3 ºC and 166.7–249.8 ºC, respectively. The addition of PU significantly improved the thermal stability and water barrier properties of the composites. All the composites exhibited single Tg values in the range 147.4–154.2 ºC. The tensile strength of CP was measured to be 93.2 MPa, which dropped to 14.1 MPa for the 1:0.5 CP/PU composite and then steadily increased to 30.5 MPa with further addition of PU. The elongation at break of the composites decreased from 8.1 to 3.7% with the addition of PU. The addition of PU also improved the water vapor permeability (3.96 ×10–9 to 1.75 ×10–9 g m–1 s–1 Pa–1) and swelling ratio (285 to 202%) of the CP composite films. The CP/PU/curcumin composite exhibited good antioxidant activity and no cytotoxicity when tested on the HaCat cell line. The visual appearance and UV transmittance (86.2–32.9% at 600 nm) of the CP composite films were significantly altered by the incorporation of PU and curcumin. This study demonstrates that CP/PU/curcumin composites can be used for various packaging and biomedical applications.
Lightning Evolution and VLF Perturbations Associated With Category 5 TC Yasa in the South Pacific Region
Authors: Redoblado Paolo , Kumar Sarwan , Kumar Abhikesh , Kumar Sushil
Published: November 2021

In this paper, we present the D-region ionospheric response during the lifespan (10–19 December 2020) of a severe category 5 tropical cyclone (TC) Yasa in the South Pacific by using the very low frequency (VLF, 3-30 kHz) signals from NPM, NLK, and JJI transmitters recorded at Suva, Fiji. Results indicate enhanced lightning and convective activity in all three regions (eyewall, inner rainbands, and outer rainbands) during the TC Yasa that are also linked to the wave sensitive zones of these transmitter-receiver great circle paths. Of the three regions, the outer rainbands showed the maximum lightning occurrence; hence convective activity. Prominent eyewall lightning was observed just before the TC started to weaken following its peak intensity. Analysis of VLF signal amplitudes showed both negative and positive perturbations (amplitudes exceeding ±3σ mark) lasting for more than 2 hours with maximum change in the daytime and nighttime signal amplitudes of -4.9 dB (NPM) and -19.8 dB (NLK), respectively. The signal perturbations were wave-like, exhibiting periods of oscillations between ~2.2-5.5 hours as revealed by the Morlet wavelet analysis. Additionally, the LWPC modeling of the signal perturbations indicated a 10 km increase in daytime D-region reference height, H¢, and a 12 km decrease in nighttime D-region H¢ during TC Yasa. The D-region density gradients (sharpness), b, showed small perturbations of 0.01–0.14 km-1 from its normal values. We suggest that the observed changes to the D-region parameters are due to the enhanced convection during TC Yasa which excites atmospheric gravity waves producing travelling ionospheric disturbances to the D-region.
Chrysophanol Inhibits the Progression of Gastric Cancer by Activating NLRP3
Authors: Binfen Hou , Zhao Li , Deng Min
Published: November 2021

AimGastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors.Chrysophanol has been reported to have antitumor effects on a variety of cancers, but the role of chrysophanol in gastric cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chrysophanol on proliferation, pyroptosis, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.MethodsMKN 28 and AGS cells were treatde with different concentrations of chrysophanol, then cell proliferation, migration,invasion and pyroptosis were decteed by CCK-8, Colony-forming assay, Wound Healing assay, Transwell and flow cytometry, respectively.Subsequently, NLRP3 siRNA was transfected into MKN 28 cells, cell proliferation pyroptosis, migration and invasion were reassessed in these transfected cells. The expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β in the downstream of NLRP3 was detected by qRT PCR and Western blot.ResultsChrysophanol significantly inhibited the proliferation of GC cells, promoted pyroptosis, inhibited cell migration and invasion, and up-regulated the expression level of NLRP3 inflammasome in GC cells. Silencing NLRP3 inhibited the effects of chrysophanol on proliferation, pyroptosis, migration and invasion of MKN 28 cells. Chrysophanol plays an anti-cancer role through high expression of NLRP3.CoclusionsChrysophanol can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by regulating NLRP3, promote the death of gastric cancer cells, and play an anti-tumor role,which is a clinical strategy with great potential for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Effect of Reynoutria Japonic and Resveratrol on Sirt1/SOD/MDA of Adriamycin-Induced Renal Injury: A Randomised Trial
Authors: Cao Shangmei , liu xiaojing , sun xinxin , chen xixia , Tang shuifu
Published: November 2021

Background: Mechanisms of drug-induced kidney injury include mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Resveratrol is a natural activator of sirt1 that is related to oxidative stress.Objectives: To explore the mechanism of treating drug-induced kidney injury with Reynoutria japonica and its extract (Resveratrol).Methods: Fifty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: blank group, model group, Reynoutria japonica group, resveratrol group and Benazepril group. Except the blank group, each group used a one-time tail vein injection of 7.5mg/kg adriamycin to make the rat model of drug-induced renal injury. After three days, the proteinuria test strip showed green, which was positive for proteinuria. Each group was given the corresponding drug. ACR was measured on the seventh day every week. All rats were anaesthetized death on the fourth weekend to obtain blood and kidneys. Results: At the fourth week, the MDA levels of blank group and Reynoutria japonica group were significantly lower than those of benazepril hydrochloride group (P<0.05), and the MDA levels of resveratrol group and model group were significantly higher than those of benazepril hydrochloride group (P<0.05).The Sirt1 mRNA levels of the blank group and the Reynoutria japonica group were significantly higher than those in the benazepril hydrochloride group (P<0.05), and the Sirt1 mRNA levels of resveratrol group and model group were significantly lower than those of the benazepril hydrochloride group (P<0.05). The comparison results between groups of the Sirt1 protein expression were the same as those of the Sirt1 mRNA expression (P<0.05).Conclusions: The therapeutic effect of the Reynoutria japonica group was better than that of the Benazepril group and resveratrol group.
Serum Metabolomic Signature Predicts Ovarian Response to Controlled Stimulation
Authors: MU XIN , Pei Mei-li , Zhu Feng , Fan Ya-juan , Shi Juan-zi , Liu Pei-jun
Published: November 2021

Introduction In in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles, some patients fail to adequately respond to ovarian stimulation. Finding novel biomarkers predicting ovarian response in advance would be meaningful.Objective To identify serum metabolomics predicting the growth of follicles after controlled ovarian stimulation (COS).Methods Blood samples were collected at the start of pituitary downregulation and on the fifth day after controlled ovarian stimulation. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were used to quantify metabolites. Demographic data were calculated with SPSS version 22.0 software. Multivariate statistics were used to analyze metabolomics dataset. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic model.Results The number of retrieved oocytes was higher in the group of Follicle-to-oocyte index (FOI) ≥ 1 group. Analyses revealed 50 different metabolomics between the pre- and post- COS groups. Compared with baseline, amino acids increased significantly following COS. At baseline, acetylglycine was more abundant in the FOI <1 group, while glycine and lipids were more abundant in the FOI ≥1 group. After COS, glycine, N-acetyl-L-alanine, D-alanine, and 2-aminomuconic acid were increased in those with FOI ≥1, but L-glutamine was increased in those with FOI <1. ROC curves indicated that the combination of glycine, acetylglycine and lipids predicts different responses to controlled ovarian stimulation (AUC =0.866).Conclusion Serum metabolism might reflect the response to ovarian stimulation. Higher glycine and PC may be a good predictor for response to COS.
A lignan from Alnus japonica inhibits glioblastoma tumorspheres by suppression of FOXM1
Authors: Shim Jin-Kyoung , Lim Seung Hoon , Jeong Ji Hye , Choi Ran Joo , Oh Yoojung , Park Junseong , Choi Sunghee , Hong Junpyo , Kim Seo Jin , Moon Ju Hyung , Kim Eui-Hyun , Teo Wan-Yee , Chang Jong Hee , Ryu Jae-Ha , Kang Seok-Gu
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, DNA damage repair and tumorigenesis. The lignin, (−)-(2R,3R)-1,4-O-diferuloylsecoisolariciresinol (DFS), from Alnus japonica (Betulaceae) has shown anti-cancer effects against colon cancer cells by suppressing FOXM1. However, the efficacy of DFS in GBM has not yet been determined. The present study hypothesized that DFS can have anti-cancer effects against GBM tumorspheres (TSs).
Methods

Immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the ability of DFS to suppress nuclear translocation of β-catenin through β-catenin/FOXM1 binding. GBM TSs were treated with DFS to assess the ability of DFS to inhibit GBM TSs and to evaluate their transcriptional profiles. The in vivo efficacy of DFS was examined in orthotopic xenograft models of GBM.
Results

Expression of FOXM1 was higher in GBM than in normal tissues. DFS-induced FOXM1 protein degradation blocked β-catenin translocation into the nucleus and consequently suppressed downstream target genes of FOXM1 pathways. DFS considerably inhibited cell viability and ATP levels in GBM TSs, while increasing the proportion of apoptotic cells. Treatment with DFS also reduced neurosphere formation and the invasive properties of GBM TSs. Transcriptome analyses showed that DFS reduced the activities of transcription factors related to tumorigenesis, stemness, and invasiveness. In addition, DFS significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival rate of mice in orthotopic xenograft models of GBM.
Conclusions

DFS inhibits the proliferation of GBM TSs by suppressing FOXM1. These findings suggest that DFS may be a potential therapeutic agent to treat patients with GBM.
METTL3 Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma Tumorigenesis and Inhibits Ferroptosis by Stabilizing SLC7A11 m6A Modification
Authors: Xu Yiming , Lv Dandan , Yan Chao , Su Hua , Zhang Xue , Shi Yangfeng , Ying Kejing
Published: November 2021

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m 6 A) has emerged as a significant regulator of the progress of various cancers. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. Here, we explored the biological function and underlying mechanism of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), the main catalyst of m 6 A, in LUAD progression. Methods: The expression of m 6 A, METTL3, YTHDF1 and SLC7A11 were detected by immunochemistry or/and online datasets in LUAD patients. The effects of METTL3 on LUAD cell proliferation, apoptosis and ferroptosis were assessed through in vitro loss-and gain-of-function experiments. The in vivo effect on tumorigenesis of METTL3 was evaluated using the LUAD cell xenograft mouse model. MeRIP-seq, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA stability assay were conducted to explore the molecular mechanism of METTL3 in LUAD. Results: The results showed that the m 6 A level, as well as the methylase METTL3 were both significantly elevated in LUAD patients and lung cancer cells. Functionally, we found that METTL3 could promote proliferation and inhibit ferroptosis in different LUAD cell models, while METTL3 knockdown suppressed LUAD growth in cell-derived xenografts. Mechanistically, solute carrier 7A11 (SLC7A11), the subunit of system Xc - , was identified as the direct target of METTL3 by mRNA-seq and MeRIP-seq. METTL3-mediated m 6 A modification could stabilize SLC7A11 mRNA and promote its translation, thus promoting LUAD cell proliferation and inhibiting cell ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death. Additionally, we demonstrated that YTHDF1, a m 6 A reader, was recruited by METTL3 to enhance SLC7A11 m 6 A modification. Moreover, the expression of YTHDF1 and SLC7A11 were positively correlated with METTL3 and m 6 A in LUAD tissues.Conclusions: These findings reinforced the oncogenic role of METTL3 in LUAD progression and revealed its underlying correlation with cancer cell ferroptosis; these findings also indicate that METTL3 is a promising novel target in LUAD diagnosis and therapy.
Pigmentary Complications after Non-Medical Male Circumcision
Authors: Fahmy Mohamed A Baky , Tirana Radwa , Othman Doa , Gad Dalia , Elsadek Menan
Published: November 2021

Objectives: A wide spectrum of complications are reported after male circumcision (MC), the non-aesthetic complications are well known, but the pigmentary complications scale are not reported precisely. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of 550 circumcised boys, who were examined and appropriately investigated for the incidence of pigmentary complications after circumcision. Most diagnoses were clinically, but dermoscopy was done for 17 case and a skin biopsy for 14 cases. Patients with personal or family history of vitiligo, or congenital nevi were excluded. Available hospital records details and parents' statements were revised. The main outcome measures are the incidence of different pigmentary complications and circumcision details; data were analyzed by Fisher’s exact probability test, two tailed, and non-parametric tests including the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: 69 cases had 72 confirmed pigmentary complications discovered at 2 to 36 months after commencement of circumcision (mean 18). 48 cases had pigmentary complications directly related to MC, 11 cases were probably related and 10 unrelated to MC. The most common lesion is the circular hyperpigmented scar (29 cases); liner hyperpigmented scar in 13, spotted exogenous melanosis in 18 cases, melanocytic nevi (7), hypopigmentation diagnosed in 3 cases, but kissing nevus is the rarest finding (2). Topical corticosteroid was tried in 15 cases, surgical excision of pigmented scar were done for 19 cases, local laser used for 4 resistant cases and reassurance with follow up for the rest. Conclusion: Pigmentary complications after male circumcision are not rare and its management is challenging.
miR-15a Targets ABAT Gene to Regulate the Differentiation of Preadipocytes of Yanbian Yellow Cattle
Authors: Bai Jinhui , Xu Hongyan , Fang Jiachen , Zhang Congcong , Song Jixuan , Zhang Xinxin , Hao Beibei , Yin Baozhen , Xia Guangjun
Published: November 2021

BackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that cannot be translated into proteins. The length of a mature miRNA is approximately 20-25 nt. Neural regulation, inflammatory response, cell proliferation and apoptosis, fat metabolism, and cell differentiation, among others, have become research hotspots in recent years. In this experiment, dual-luciferase reporter gene detection, qRT-PCR, oil red O staining, western blotting, and other methods were used to select the differentially expressed miR-15a and its target gene, the 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (ABAT) gene, in the longissimus muscle tissues of cattle bulls and steers. By transfecting Yanbian yellow cattle precursor adipocytes with equal amounts of artificially synthesised miR-15a mimics, mimics NC, miR-15a inhibitor, and inhibitor NC and inducing differentiation, the total RNA and total protein of cells during the induced differentiation process were extracted.The effect of miR-15a on the mRNA and protein expression of adipogenesis-related genes was analysed. ResultsThe results showed that the lipid droplet content and lipid droplet size of the miR-15a mimic group were significantly lower than those of the mimics NC group, and the mRNA levels of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) genes in the miR-15a mimics group were significantly lower than those in the mimics NC group. At the same time, the protein expression of miR-15a mimic group cells was also significantly lower than that of the NC group cells. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of the PPARγ and C/EBPα genes of miR-15a inhibitor group cells were significantly higher than those of the NC group cells, and the protein expression levels were also significantly higher than those of the NC group cells. The luciferase reporter results showed that miR-15a mimics significantly inhibited the activity of the ABAT-3'UTR dual luciferase reporter gene vector, indicating that the miR-15a and ABAT genes have a targeting effect, and that overexpressed miR-15a significantly reduced the expression of the ABAT gene in the cell, inhibited the expression of miR-15a, and significantly increased the expression of the ABAT.ConclusionsIn summary, miR-15a may target the ABAT gene to regulate the differentiation of Yanbian yellow cattle precursor adipocytes.
Research on the Mechanism of Chuanxiong in Treating Diabetic Nephropathy by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technique
Authors: Li Changyan , Su Feng , Zhang Le , Liu Fang , Li Zhen , Fan Wenxing , Yang Jing , Mali Niroj
Published: November 2021

Background

Chuanxiong hort. It has been used in the clinic, but its main active components and drug mechanism are unknown.
Objective

To explore the mechanism of diabetic nephropathy (DN) treated with chuanxiong hort.
Methods

the active components and targets of chuanxiong Hort. were collected by TCPSP database, the DN gene expression data were collected by NCBI database, DN related genes were obtained by differential analysis. Furthermore, String and Cytoscape tools were used to construct the regulatory network of chuanxiong and the main active components for DN treatment. At the same time, PPI network interaction analysis was performed for core genes and GO. KEGG analysis was performed, prediction of molecular docking using Auto Dock Tools for critical genes.
Results

eight active components of chuanxiong Hort. were screened out, and one was recorded repeatedly. They were Angelica lactone A, ligusticum chuanxiong naphthofurolactone, Myricetin, 1-palmitic acid-2-linoleic acid-3-olein and ferulic acid ester of conifer. In addition, the active components interact with 15 disease targets, namely PGR, NR3C1, NCOA1, NCOA2, NR3C2, PTGS1, F2, F7, ESR1, AR, PPARG, ESR2, DPP4, HSP90AA1 and PRKACA. Besides, GO analysis of target genes, involved in the regulation of DN by chuanxiong Hort., were the regulation of cellular response to steroid hormone stimulation, the binding of nuclear receptors to steroid hormone receptors and the principle of cAMP-dependent protein kinase complexes. What's more, results of KEGG analysis showed that estrogen signalling pathway, endocrine and other factors-regulated calcium reabsorption and adipocyte adipogenesis played a role in the regulation of DN. Further molecular docking showed that NCOA1 and NCOA2 could interact with Angelica lactone A, Myricetin, Chrysophanol, chuanxiong naphthalize and Chrysophanol.
Conclusion

the active components of chuanxiong Hort., including Angelica Lactone A, Myricetin, Chrysophanol, chuanxiong naphthafunolide and Chrysophanol, can affect the regulation of estrogen signalling pathway, endocrine and other factors regulating calcium reabsorption and adipogenesis of adipocytes through the regulation of steroid hormone stimulation and regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex, and then play a therapeutic role on DN.
Simvastatin boosts neutrophil apoptosis and ameliorates secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage via LXA4/FPR2/p38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Chen Qianwei
Published: November 2021

Statins, in addition to their well-known lipid-lowering effects, have also shown a wide range of neuroprotective effects in recent years. We previously found that simvastatin effectively attenuated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury in rats. This study aims to elucidate the underlying mechanism. The animal model was established in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats by an injection of autologous blood, then randomly treated with simvastatin or vehicle. Then, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the involvement of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) / formyl-peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) / p38 MAPK signaling pathway in simvastatin-triggered neutrophil apoptosis. Results show that simvastatin significantly elevated the level of LXA4 (an endogenous FPR2 agonist) in plasm in early stage of ICH. Exogenous LXA4 administration effectively promoted circulating neutrophil apoptosis, reduced the neutrophil count in both peripheral blood and perihematomal area, as well as ameliorated neuroinflammation and brain injury after ICH, which in line with the effect of simvastatin. Moreover, similar to simvastatin, the exogenous LXA4 markedly down-regulated the phosphorylation level of p38 and the Mcl-1/Bax ratio (the decreased ratio represents pro-apoptosis) in circulating neutrophils of ICH rat. Notably, all above effects of simvastatin on ICH were significantly abolished by Boc-2, a selective antagonist for FPR2. Moreover, simvastatin led to a similar reduction of Mcl-1/Bax ratio as SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), but it was abolished by P79350 (p38 MAPK agonist). Collectively, these results suggest that simvastatin boosts neutrophils apoptosis and alleviates subsequent neuroinflammation following ICH may via upregulating LXA4 in plasma through the FPR2/p38 MAPK signaling pathway.