bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wages Councils and Abolition: The TUC Perspective
Authors: Callaghan B. , Jones R.
Published: September 2004

The TUC is opposed to the decision by the British Government to
abolish wages councils, which if successful will worsen the pay and
conditions of the 2.6 million workers covered by them, and many other
low paid workers who use the rates set as reference points. Drawing on
theoretical literature and empirical research, explores the arguments
for and against abolition and discusses the case for a statutory
national minimum wage. Concludes by arguing that the case for abolition
is far from proven on economic and social grounds, and that the
introduction of a statutory national minimum wage, combined with other
active labour market intervention by the Government, is needed to
overcome the problem of low pay.
Coping with Labour Discontent: Strategies of Hong Kong
Companies
Authors: Yam Stephen C. , Yam Phoebe W.
Published: September 2004

In recent years, Hong Kong has experienced a very low unemployment
rate. Labour shortage and turnover has become a major problem for the
management of the Hong Kong companies. Better education and changing
environment create discontent among workers. Investigates how the
companies in Hong Kong tackle the problem of labour discontent. The
effectiveness of the strategies implemented by the Hong Kong companies
are evaluated.
Job Search by Unemployed School‐leavers: The Use of the
Careers Service during a Recession
Authors: Bradley Steve
Published: September 2004

Some job search theorists have argued that workers will be sorted
into those who use official agencies and those who use more direct
methods of search. The latter group, it is argued, find employment the
quickest. Investigates the extent to which certain types of
unemployed youth use one such agency – the Careers Service –
for job search. Poisson regression techniques are used on data relating
to school‐leavers who entered the labour market in the 1979‐81 period.
Although dated, the findings have clear implications for the Careers
Service, and also add to the growing body of empirical research on the
job search behaviour of youths.
Vacancy Notification and Employee Mobility
Authors: Saunders Mark N.K.
Published: September 2004

In recent years separate bodies of literature on vacancy
notification and employee mobility have evolved for Migration and Human
Resource Management specialisms. Whilst the foci of these investigations
have had much in common, examination of the literature suggests that
many authors appear to have limited knowledge of the work undertaken
outside their specialism. Concentrates on those two aspects of the
recruitment process where integration of the literature is likely to be
of most benefit: vacancy notification and subsequent employee mobility.
Compares and contrasts the specialisms′ approaches to examining the
recruitment process and highlights a series of issues where knowledge
and understanding of how these aspects of the labour market operate is
limited. These include the use of information channels, the impact of
labour market factors on employee mobility and the ability of incentives
to overcome employee inertia.
UK Training Policy and the Role of TECs
Authors: Hodgson David
Published: September 2004

Examines the roles, problems and potential of TECs in the UK,
within the framework of the 1988 White Paper, Employment for the
1990s, as a catalyst for providing a world‐class workforce. TECs are
seen to have faced problems internally as well as being subject to
varying external constraints. Suggests that the remit for TECs may have
been too broad but acknowledges progress being made.
Underestimating Aggregate Rates of Return to Education
Authors: Khan Shahrukh R.
Published: September 2004

Identifies an error in the measurement of private rates of return
to aggregate levels of education. When education is viewed as a
continuous variable, the estimated rate of return is to an incremental
year of schooling. However, rates of return are often estimated for
aggregate levels of education such as the secondary and university
levels. When an aggregate level has sub‐levels, such as bachelors′ and
masters′ for the university level, the conventional procedure
underestimates the rate of return to the aggregate level due to the
dominance of up‐front costs in the discounting procedure used to compute
rates of return.
Excessive Labour Turnover: The Case of Clerical Staff in
Singapore
Authors: Chew Rosalind
Published: September 2004

Advances some hypotheses to explain why there is an excess demand
for clerical staff and why the labour market seems to be unable to
arrive at an equilibrium through an adjustment in wages. Discusses the
hypotheses in relation to two specific cases. The observations which
arise from the discussion are: (1) wages are not fully flexible to clear
the clerical market owing to the constraints imposed by the need for
wage relativity and the existing salary structures; (2) the organization
which faces the greater constraint in manpower will have greater
incentive to change job descriptions to overcome the manpower
constraint; and (3) the restructuring of the duties of clerical staff
will affect the work pattern of non‐clerical staff, and the capable
administrative entrepreneur will make the necessary adjustments which
will enable his organization to function smoothly.
Manufacturing Management in Australia: The Human Resource
Management Implications
Authors: Sohal Amrik S. , Marriott Fern
Published: September 2004

Manufacturing organizations need to develop and maintain
competitive advantage in an increasingly turbulent environment. To do
this, manufacturing organizations need to rethink the way in which they
manage their business. Are they prepared for the challenge? Analyses the
role of Australian manufacturing managers at two levels –
strategic and operational – and examines their personal
characteristics. First presents some of the relevant normative
literature followed by the results of survey. Finally, considers the
implications for Human Resource managers in terms of their potential
contributions to the change in the light of the survey findings.
Annual Faculty Salary Increases at Universities and
Colleges: The Effects of Inflation and Recession
Authors: Smyth David J.
Published: September 2004

The annual rate of growth of the average salaries of faculty at
universities and colleges has fluctuated considerably from year to year.
Analyses annual academic year data on salaries from 1971‐72 to 1991‐92.
Results are presented for continuing faculty (faculty on staff in both
the reporting year and previous year), and for total faculty, in both
cases disaggregated by rank. Two macroeconomic variables, the expected
rate of inflation and whether or not the economy is in recession,
provide a good explanation of how large the percentage increase in
salaries will be for the forthcoming academic year, and in conjunction
with the actual rate of inflation, the behaviour of real salaries of
academics. The estimates provide a gloomy outlook for real academic
salaries.
Competitive Strategies in Banking – Sustainable
Niches or Blind Alleys?
Authors: Clarkson A.H. , Stone M.A.
Published: September 2004

Competition, both national and international, is increasing in
virtually every industry. The key features and the implications of this
trend are outlined with specific reference to the banking and financial
services industry. The results of research carried out on behalf of one
clearing bank into how financial institutions are facing and responding
to these trends are detailed in order to identify potential market
niches and segments which could be developed.
Marketing Orientation in the Service of Incoming Tourism
Authors: Greenley Gordon E. , Matcham Alan S.
Published: September 2004

Incoming tourism is one of Great Britain′s biggest revenue earners,
but a previous study by the authors suggested that there was a low level
of marketing orientation in some of the companies which provide the
service. The nature of incoming tourism is examined and a further study,
by the authors, into the marketing orientation of some of the companies
involved is reported. On the whole, this is found to be extremely low.
The survey results are related to the nature of the industry itself. The
question as to whether the marketing of service needs to be approached
differently from the marketing of products is considered.
Business Intelligence in the Post‐modern Era
Authors: Soderlund Magnus
Published: September 2004

In the post‐modern era, the business environment of the firm is
becoming increasingly turbulent and chaotic. Many firms have responded
by using business intelligence, usually in the form of scanning
departments and formal information systems. However, these methods have
not proved to be successful. This article examines some reasons why they
have failed. With reference to empirical studies, it is argued that they
have failed because decision makers prefer other sources of information
when it comes to environmental issues. The article is also reformulating
the problem with a changing environment and suggests an alternative, and
post‐modern, way of treating environmental information.
Developing Marketing Planning in Reality
Authors: Piper John , Smith Gareth
Published: September 2004

A number of issues which are relevant to the introduction of
marketing planning into a medium‐sized product‐oriented engineering
business are addressed. In addition how a tailor‐made management
development programme can be used as a means of stimulating and
facilitating the individual and organisational changes necessary to
achieve a marketing planning orientation are discussed. It is explained
how the marketing planning approach requires modification to allow
management to develop their skills and achieve success in small stages.
This is necessary for both political and educational reasons. The case
study described demonstrates how the gap between theory (academic) and
practice (commerce) can be successfully bridged.
Local Authorities′ Use of Geographical Information Systems
Authors: Mitchell Vincent‐Wayne
Published: September 2004

1991 has seen a new census and local authorities will be keen to
analyse the changes which have occurred since the last census. Their
analysis will be helped by the introduction of Geographical Information
Systems which have been recommended by the Chorley Report. The findings
of ten in‐depth interviews with local authority officers within planning
departments are examined in this pilot study. These officers were asked
about Geographical Information Systems, the Population Census and the
Census of Distribution.
Developing Use of PR in a Fragmented Demassified Market
Authors: Kitchen Philip J.
Published: September 2004

An interesting phenomenon in recent years has been the virtually
unrecognised growth in Public Relations (PR) activity in the western
world. Viewed here in a UK context, this article seeks to address a
number of issues. What are the underlying causatory factors occasioning
a growth in PR? What effect(s) might such PR growth have on advertising
media and agencies? Why should PR be appropriate as a subject deemed of
value for academic qualification at undergraduate and postgraduate
levels, and is there any evidence of development in this area? These
issues are investigated and the author would welcome commentary and
interaction from the academic and business community.
Towards a Marketing Orientation
Authors: Reynolds Rebecca
Published: September 2004

This past decade has witnessed phenomenal advances in the practices
and propagation of the marketing services industry. Organisations that
need to maintain a competitive advantage recognise the need to formulate
and implement coherent marketing plans. But what of the marketing
services companies themselves? Are they following the prescriptions
which they dispense? Are marketing services companies meeting the
marketing challenges within their own organisations and are they keeping
in focus the principles by which they ask their client organisations to
abide?
A Case Analysis of the Cost and Value of Marketing
Information
Authors: Brownlie D.T.
Published: September 2004

Marketing management is often portrayed as an information‐intensive
process. Indeed the willingness to spend on market research is seen by
some as a proxy for marketing orientation[1]. In the best
firms this information is processed and disseminated by means of
marketing information systems; market research provides a toolkit by
which to collect the primary data that drive the information systems.
Underlying the decision to purchase market research is a process that
gives expression to implicit notions of the relative value and cost of
the information in question. Here a case is provided that helps to make
explicit some of the issues surrounding the cost and value of marketing
information. The case is set in the context of making the decision of
whether to buy further information before making an important decision,
or whether to proceed on the basis of what management already knows. It
illustrates how facts and judgment can be combined to arrive at a
decision which is consistent with the decision maker′s overall attitude
to risk.
Integrating Marketing and Design for Commercial Benefit
Authors: Bruce Margaret , Roy Robin
Published: September 2004

Every organisation invests in design to create and develop
distinctive products and services. The development of a coherent design
and marketing philosophy is essential to the achievement of a
longer‐term competitive edge. However the marketing literature hardly
refers to design and where it does so there is a great deal of confusion
as to what design means. Design is taken to encompass styling, fashion
and product development and innovation. Key findings of a major study
recently undertaken by the Design Innovation Group (DIG) are reported
here. The research investigated the risks and rewards of investment in
design by British companies participating in the Department of Trade and
Industry/Design Council′s Funded Consultancy Scheme and subsequent
Support for Design Programme. The study showed that investment in design
does pay. But design effort could be more fully exploited if marketing
practitioners as well as other managers acquired design management
skills.
Competitive Marketing Strategy: Porter Revisited
Authors: Sharp Byron
Published: September 2004

In this article which is based on a marketing analysis of Michael
Porter′s definition of competitive strategies, the confusion present in
marketing and strategic management texts as to the definitions of the
three strategies of low cost, differentiation and focus is noted. The
idea that using price to differentiate means a firm is using a low cost
strategy is dismissed and the value of a definition of focus strategy as
merely some degree of extreme differentiation is questioned. New
definitions of the three strategies are proposed which are based upon
the idea that firms react to, and take actions which influence, the
structure of the market in which they operate. They influence market
structure through determining the market′s proximity level ‐the minimum
level of marketplace performance which a firm must reach in order to
compete across the broad marketplace. If a firm has the ability to reach
this level and go further to excel in the provision of one or more
benefits, it can implement a differentiation strategy. Alternatively, it
can attempt to lift the market′s proximity level or partake in imitative
activity, which reduces the potential bases for differentiation in the
market, a low cost strategy (only sensible for the firm with the lowest
costs of production). If a firm lacks the ability to reach the proximity
level, it must seek segments which do not require reaching proximity in
order to serve them, a focus strategy.
Recessionary Marketing
Authors: Marks Raymond
Published: September 2004

Summarizes the findings of the VAR 1991 Market Research report
which surveys the market research industry and examines the importance
attached to various marketing activities, particularly in the light of
the current recession. Highlights three main topics: the importance of
market research to successful marketing; performance ratings for market
research agencies; the weaknesses to be addressed by those agencies.
Using Delphi to Forecast in New Technology Industries
Authors: Mitchell Vincent‐Wayne
Published: September 2004

Presents a case which suggests that companies in
new‐technology‐based industries have a greater need for long‐term
planning than those in other industries at other stages of development.
During the period of an industry′s infancy, there is also a greater need
for an industry, rather than a company, perspective. Judgemental
forecasting techniques are suggested to be more suitable in new
industries because of the problems associated with other forecasting
methods. However, problems such as time pressure on executives and the
need for confidentiality are more acute when using judgemental
forecasting techniques in new industries. The Delphi technique has been
used many times as a method of forecasting the future of established
industries, but it has never been used to consider the future of a new
industry. Discusses ten problems which can be encountered when Delphi is
used in this situation and provides practical hints on procedures to
overcome them, gained from its use to forecast changes in one new
industry, the market analysis industry. Since new industries rarely have
established trade organizations to carry out such Delphi studies, the
role could be played by institutes of management education.
The Role of Cross‐cultural Negotiations in International
Marketing
Authors: Herbig Paul A. , Kramer Hugh E.
Published: September 2004

Examines the relationship and importance of cross‐cultural
negotiations to successful international marketing activities. Provides
examples of differing cross‐cultural behaviour, and its potential impact
on multinational (multi‐cultural) negotiations and hence on
international marketing success or failure.
Philosophies of Salesforce Management in the People′s
Republic of China: An Ethnographic Approach
Authors: Siu Wai‐sum
Published: September 2004

As the People′s Republic of China starts to adopt certain
“capitalistic” concepts in its business enterprises, it
would be interesting to learn how it borrows and adapts marketing
techniques used in the Western world. For instance, what type of
managerial philosophy is used in managing the sales function? This
exploratory study attempts to depict salesforce management in China′s
contemporary enterprises. Personal documentation, an ethnographic
approach, is adopted as the data collection instrument. Identifies and
discusses salesforce structure, recruitment, training and motivation of
the Chinese enterprises. Suggests further research directions for the
purpose of gaining a deeper understanding of the marketing activities
and, in particular, salesforce management of China′s socialist
enterprises.
The Learning Organization: How Planners Create
Organizational Learning
Authors: Galer Graham , van der Heijden Kees
Published: September 2004

Looks at Shell′s organization and at mechanistic and networking
cultures. Discusses individual and organizational learning and gives
pointers to the best methods, as practised by Shell′s planning
specialists. Concludes that if a company is not a learning organization
then it may find it difficult to become one. Its first priority needs to
be to develop the quality of its organizational conversation.
Information Systems: The UK Retail Financial Services
Sector
Authors: Watkins Jeff
Published: September 2004

Focuses on the retail sector of financial services in the UK.
Describes the three stages of a model for business process
transformations; administrative IT, market‐led IT and business process
redesign, this last being revolutionary involving major changes. Goes on
to show that this blend of changes is required to meet the challenges of
modern organizations, particularly in the area of high risk information
intensive financial services.
Success in Database Marketing: Some Crucial Factors
Authors: Fletcher Keith , Wheeler Colin , Wright Julia
Published: September 2004

From the authors′ research in database marketing (DBM) it seems
that a number of factors contributing to successful DBM can be
identified. This research, allied with a review of work in DBM, leads to
the conclusion that four main factors can be identified in successful
database marketing. The study consisted of 25 in‐depth interviews with
key users and suppliers and provides some empirical support for the
views put forward.
Doing Business in Europe: A Review of Online Information
Sources
Authors: Reid Christine D.
Published: September 2004

Discusses the possible information implications for the 12 member
nations of the EC involving the removal of barriers between the
countries. Looks particularly at how technology will operate for all
information services. Examines the various European services and their
functions, closes with listings of the major ones and relevant contacts.
Putting the Marketing into R&D
Authors: McNulty Terry , Whittington Richard
Published: September 2004

Examines how R&D can learn to market itself. Draws on four
intensive case studies of in‐house and independent laboratories to argue
that developing this capability requires pervasive organizational
change, which goes beyond the introduction of marketing specialists and
the creation of marketing departments. At least as important are: the
development of the managerial process at all levels of the organization;
the evolution of new organizational structures; more sophisticated
financial management systems; and a decentralized approach to marketing,
within which professional technologists act as “part‐time
marketers”. Problems can arise owing to: personal conflicts which
some technologists experience, whilst simultaneously attempting to
satisfy client demands and their own professional standards and values;
internal competition, which may adversely affect the activities of
market intelligence generation, dissemination and responsiveness; and
poor relationships between marketing specialists and professional
technologists.
Brand Price Recall: The Implications for Pricing Research
Authors: de Chernatony Leslie , Knox Simon
Published: September 2004

Effective pricing research techniques need to reflect fully
consumer behaviour. A historical review indicates the limited
capabilities of consumers to recall grocery prices correctly.
Adoption‐level theory implies that consumers evaluate brand prices
relative to a reference price rather than in isolation. A consumer
survey, updating our knowledge of consumers′ ability to recall prices
correctly, provides evidence that price accuracy increases when a
reference price is given. Considers implications for pricing research.
The Handshake as Non‐verbal Communication in Business
Authors: Wesson David A.
Published: September 2004

The first thing you do when you meet someone in a business context
is to tell that person who you think you are, who you think they are,
and what you think the nature of your relationship is going to be.
Explores some of the issues which surround the handshake in a business
setting and discusses some of the characteristics and meanings of
handshakes, with special attention to gender and cultural differences.
The argument is made that, if there is a problem in the workplace for
uninitiated, untrained persons with handshaking, it would be worthwhile
addressing communication skill in an educational setting.
The Marketing Audit: A Metrology and Explanation
Authors: Brownlie D.T.
Published: September 2004

The marketing audit is widely accorded an important diagnostic role
in the marketing management process. In theory, it should represent the
starting‐point for most considered courses of managerial action in
marketing. Yet, in practice there is some confusion, not only about the
general process by means of which to perform the audit in particular
organizations and on what issues it should focus, but also about the
thinking processes that underpin the audit methodology. Attempts to
throw some light on those matters. Looks at the design of marketing
audits and provides a set of guidelines to help to make the audit
process more effective.
Consumer Perceptions of the Environmental Impact of an
Industrial Service
Authors: Bohlen G.M. , Diamantopoulos A. , Schlegelmilch B.B.
Published: September 2004

Aims to redress a research gap on green issues through its focus on
consumer perceptions of environmental nuisances arising in a service
setting (freight transport). Presents the results of the preliminary
stage of a large‐scale study, which consisted of semi‐structured
personal interviews with members of the general public. Following a
descriptive comparison of nuisances arising from road and rail freight
transport, tests a number of hypotheses generated from the limited
available research on socio‐demographic and situational factors which
are likely to impinge on individuals′ perceptions of environmental
nuisances.
The Automobile Market in Saudi Arabia: Implications for
Export Marketing Planning
Authors: Tuncalp Secil
Published: September 2004

Provides an analysis of the marketing environment for car exporters
to Saudi Arabia. Despite the fact that the Kingdom presents lucrative
opportunities for car exporters, Saudi Arabia was the second largest
market in the world for Japanese car exporters during the early 1980s.
Contends that a number of unique social, economic, environmental,
demographic and religious factors make this market highly complex.
Success hinges on a clear understanding of the market conditions and on
emulating some of the innovative marketing tactics of the successful
participants.
Conducting Business with Koreans
Authors: Choe Sang T. , Pitman Glenn A.
Published: September 2004

South Korea has emerged as one of the most prosperous markets on
the globe. Its high economic growth rate and rising household
consumption indicate that many sectors of the economy are ready to
absorb foreign investment. Describes some key aspects of Korean culture
and how to conduct business with Koreans to help executives who are
responsible for international operations, investment, joint ventures,
and global marketing activities. Stresses the importance of personal
relationships with Koreans, based on trust and respect; and recognition
of Koreans as unique orientals.
UK Joint Ventures in China: Motivation and Partner
Selection
Authors: Glaister Keith W. , Wang Yu
Published: September 2004

The Chinese government has liberalized the foreign investment
environment considerably in order to encourage inward investment,
primarily through joint ventures. Reviews the changes in the regulatory
environment and presents new data from UK partners engaged in Chinese
joint ventures. The findings indicate that the main force motivating UK
firms to form joint ventures is to gain faster entry to the Chinese
market. The joint ventures allow UK firms access to largely intangible
inputs that they would otherwise have difficulty acquiring. While choice
of Chinese partners appears to be highly constrained, on the whole the
UK partners analysed the joint venture decision thoroughly and generally
concluded that they had joined forces with the “right”
partner.
Elderly Consumers′ Evaluation of Service Quality
Authors: Smith Anne M.
Published: September 2004

Points out that the increasing interest among academics to measure
consumers′ perceptions of service quality has emphasized the role of the
self‐administered questionnaire, and that a prime focus has been the
development and testing of SERVQUAL, a cross‐sectoral measuring
instrument for the evaluation of service quality. Describes a study
which uses a self‐administered questionnaire and focuses on the
evaluation of the quality of local authority day centres. Highlights a
number of difficulties which elderly respondents experience in dealing
with measurement instruments of this nature. Discusses alternative
approaches and the specific methodological problems encountered when
undertaking research work with the elderly.
Industrial In‐depth Interviews: Some Considerations for
First‐time Users
Authors: Mitchell Vincent‐Wayne
Published: September 2004

Opens with the observation that the would‐be interviewer is faced
with a daunting task for which the existing literature is not always
helpful. Presents a résumé of the considerations necessary
to begin successful personal interviews. These include: training and
preparation, credibility, confidentiality, interview technique, lack of
co‐operation, interview accuracy, interviewer bias, reliability and
validity and overload. Combines the received wisdom of the literature
with sound practical advice.
Understanding in Market Research
Authors: Cowan David
Published: September 2004

Market research has enormous potential for creating market
understanding, which pays off in huge marketing productivity gains and
quantum leaps in corporate entrepreneurship. It is failing to deliver
because the effort is concentrated at the bottom of the corporate
decision hierarchy and because users of research do not use it to its
full potential. Defines what “understanding” means in market
research and describes how it comes from purposeful questioning, the
generation of “nuggets” of information using different
sources and different techniques, the results of which require intensive
analysis and assembly into causal pictures of what is happening and why.
Sees problems arising because researchers are purchasers not analysts of
market research, and lays ultimate responsibility for this with managing
and marketing directors because they are not asking the fundamental
questions about their businesses.
A Model for the Analysis of Distribution Channels
Authors: Bellhouse A.E. , Hutchison G.M.
Published: September 2004

Describes the development and application of a Distribution Channel
Model for an Information Technology (IT) business. Describes the
processes used to derive the model and highlights some of the benefits
obtained from using the model. These included a better understanding of
the key factors driving the behaviour of the complex IT distribution
system and a more discriminating approach to channel development.
The Role of Competitor Information Systems
Authors: Fletcher Keith , Donaghy Mark
Published: September 2004

Considers the nature and scope of a competitor in‐formation system
(CIS) and the contribution to strategic planning decisions. Investigates
the process of operationalizing a CIS as an “intelligence
cycle” with discrete organizational activities of identifying
needs, collecting, processing, disseminating and using intelligence.
Gives a detailed case study of setting up a CIS in a life assurance
company, the practical problems met and the solutions adopted. These
include the identification of key strategic issues, strategic groupings
of competitors, user analysis, and the final collection, evaluation and
processing of the data using a hyper‐media software called Guidex. Draws
conclusions to guide other system users and designers.
Town centre management
Authors: Stansbury M.
Published: September 2004

Examines town centre management styles using Ilford town centre as
an illustration of a town centre management initiative. Discuss the
background to the Ilford town centre management initiative, the role of
local authorities, the traders′ association, the customers, and liaison
with the police and public transport. Concludes that the town centre
manager has the important job of co‐ordinating many services in a post
more complex and broader in scope than that of shopping centre manager.
Criteria affecting the design and management of sports
stadia
Authors: Morris A.
Published: September 2004

Assesses design and management criteria for new sports stadia.
Considers location, capacity and orientation, viewing, access and
egress, lavatories and refreshment bars, hospitality, commercial
ventures, safety, crowd management and segregation, cleaning and
maintenance, catering facilities, and earnings potential. Concludes that
professional management could turn football stadia from under‐utilized
liabilities into profit centres, bringing about a revolution in British
stadia.
Shopping centres in the 1990′s – the multiplies′
choice
Authors: Goble J.M.
Published: September 2004

Highlights the elements of research into multiple retailers′
attitudes that relate to retail management with reference to shopping
centres. Considers location, day‐to‐day management, and portfolio
management. Concludes the retailers prefer high‐street locations, and
have a space demand that can only be met by shopping centre
developments, the emphasis for the 1990s being on re‐organizing poor
physical layouts and tenant mix rather than shopping centre aesthetics.
Transport options and the future of cities
Authors: Wootton J.
Published: September 2004

Examines the possible ways of dealing with the problems caused in
towns and cities by increasing car ownership. Discusses future traffic
forecasts, the present shape of cities, future transport options, the
need for new transport facilities, traffic control measures, and
planning. Suggests that building development should be prepared to pay
more for the transport infrastructure on which its successful use
depends.
Negotiation education and training, and the surveyors
Authors: Myerscough J.M. , Tyler S.B.
Published: September 2004

Examines aspects of the current practice of negotiation education,
exploring relevant issues and conflicting views. Considers the case for
formal negotiation training, the provision of training for the
surveyors, timing of the training provision, and the effectiveness of
various teaching methods. Concludes that surveyors who have received
negotiation training recognise the benefits, although practitioners
generally are sceptical.
Sick building syndrome: is there a way forward?
Authors: Robertson A.S.
Published: September 2004

Considers the condition of sick building syndrome and the factors
that may cause it. Discusses the definition of SBS, the likely causes,
physical factors, indoor pollution, personal factors, organizational
factors, when SBS can be definitely diagnosed, and future plans.
Surmises that significant reductions in SBS can be achieved at little or
no cost in many cases, to the benefit of productivity and reduced costs.
Protecting the building owner and occupier – latent
defects insurance or collateral warranties?
Authors: Wordley P.
Published: September 2004

Examines the respective concepts of collateral warranties and
latent defects insurance, and the strengths and weaknesses of each
arrangement. Discusses the objective or protecting owner and occupier,
the collateral warranty matrix, building‐specific advantages of LDI, and
recent events in the LDI market. Concludes that the inherent
uncertainties in collateral warranties are likely to result in increased
appreciation and demand for latent defects insurance.
Recent developments in office lighting
Authors: Brown G.
Published: September 2004

Describes the rapid technical development that took place in the
lighting industry in the 1980s, driven by energy cost pressures.
Discusses product development, office lighting problems, legislation,
changing working needs, new design approaches, HF fluorescent lighting,
maintenance, and energy and lighting. Concludes that both economic
pressures and users′ demand for better quality lighting are dictating a
more professional approach to lighting scheme design.
BRIEFING: The Environmental Protection Act 1990
Authors: Waterson G.
Published: September 2004

Concentrates on those provisions of the Environmental Protection
Act 1990 which directly affect the property manager in general practice.
Discusses the background to the Act, Part I: Integrated Pollution
Control, Part II: Waste disposal on land, Part III: Statutory nuisance,
and further provisions of Parts IV to IX. Concludes that the provisions
relating to Integrated Pollution Control in particular are likely to
have future significance.
Legal ramifications of sick building syndrome
Authors: Tyler Mark
Published: September 2004

Considers some of the existing legal principles which might be
applied to Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) cases in the absence of specific
SBS rules. Defines SBS. Lays down the building occupier′s position
regarding statutory responsibilities and duties. Discusses the shared
legal responsibility of building owners, construction product
manufacturers, architects, engineers and builders. Offers some practical
steps to reduce the risk of litigation.
Auditing service charge accounts for residential properties
Authors: Niren Charles
Published: September 2004

Reviews the implications of the Landlords and Tenants Acts of 1985
and 1987. Argues that it is the onus of managing agents of residential
properties to ensure that they, their landlords and the auditors who
audit the service charge accounts understand the Acts; the law
encourages parties involved to develop a closer relationship with
lessees.
Open protocols – the Holy Grail or the Tower of Babel
Authors: Robathan Paull
Published: September 2004

Presents the background to open protocols, which the IT industry
sees as the solution to integrating the different control systems in
buildings or campuses. Discusses various initiatives in progress, and
concludes that the expenditure on overlaying standards on existing
obsolete devices and systems is likely to be wasted if radical solutions
are developed that separate the solution from the interests of
suppliers.
Occupier satisfaction with rented industrial property
Authors: Henneberry John
Published: September 2004

Reports on a study examining the interrelationships between
manufacturing firms and their accommodation in the rented sector of the
industrial property market and conducted among occupiers of rented and
industrial property. Discusses occupier satisfaction with rented
industrial property. Discusses occupier satisfaction with rented
industrial property and the causes of occupier dissatisfaction.
Emphasizes the complex pattern of relationships between firms and their
buildings.
Undergraduate surveying education: A place for practical
knowledge?
Authors: Gallimore Paul
Published: September 2004

Reviews some ideas pertinent to the current debate about the aims
of professional education, and focuses on some of the problems attached
to attempts to incorporate the development of practice skills in
curricula. Argues for a clearer understanding of what constitutes
practical knowledge in use and for the development of activities to
explore this. Demonstrates this from the perspective of chartered
general practice surveyors, from whom the bulk of the UK property
management and valuation profession is drawn.
Short‐term occupancy of business premises
Authors: Philips M.
Published: September 2004

Considers the different bases on which occupancies can be created
without necessarily creating security of tenure. Discusses the Landlord
and Tenant Act 1954, the Law of Property Act 1969, Tenancy at will,
licences, and “concessionary rent” lease as devices to
achieve such an occupancy. Concludes that occupancy without security of
tenure is useful in recessionary times for both landlord and tenant, and
is best achieved by a formal tenancy subject to a contracting out order
granted pursuant to the 1969 Act.
Dispute resolution in the ′nineties
Authors: Macdonald L.R.
Published: September 2004

Considers the benefits of the methods of dispute resolution used by
the recently formed Centre for Dispute Resolution. Examines the CEDR′s
techniques of mini‐trials and mediation, the reasons why negotiations
fail, the features of ADR, the types of disputes that can be solved by
ADR, salient features of CEDR, suitable mediators, ADR abroad, and model
clauses. Concludes that while ADR cannot solve all disputes, the
increase in use of ADR techniques cannot be restrained or ignored.
The rating system post‐1990
Authors: Evans A.H.
Published: September 2004

Explains the important features of the new rating system, and how
they interface with the major elements retained from the old. Discusses
new terminology, hereditament, relevant property, non‐domestic property,
and composite hereditament, as well as rateable value, methods of
valuation, and alterations to the rating list.
Planned preventive maintenance and the maintenance contractor
Authors: Sidney R.
Published: September 2004

Considers the need for a close working relationship between
maintenance contractor and property manager. Discusses asset lists,
comprehensive contracts, PPM schedules, and expert advice. Concludes
that today′s maintenance contractors can offer cost‐effective solutions
to save running costs, retain the building′s value, and promote a more
productive workplace.
Local authorities and residential service charges
Authors: Aitken‐Sykes R.
Published: September 2004

Examines the effect of the 1980 Right to Buy legislation on local
authority housing departments′ service charges collection. Considers
outline procedures of the statutory code, leases, estimates and
consultation, direct works departments, fees, charging areas,
insurances, auditing, and service charges held in trust. Concludes that
local authority departments should be aware of their obligations to a
growing percentage of their housing stock, since it has a duty of care.
The refurbishment of shopping centres
Authors: Pugh C.
Published: September 2004

Reviews the economic and financial considerations relevant to
investment in shopping centre refurbishment. Considers the problems of
economic obsolescence through rising maintenance costs and falling
rents, and legal obsolescence through changes in legislation and safety
regulations, using case study examples. Concludes that refurbishment is
usually an attractive proposition, even a defensive necessity: the
financial implications of refurbishment can be analysed formally.
Empty rate liability and the mortgage
Authors: Steiner M. , Turton J.
Published: September 2004

Examines the question of liability for rates on empty premises in
the light of an increasing number of property vacancies in the United
Kingdom. Discusses the general principle of rate liability, classes of
property liable to empty rates, ownership, mortgagee′s right to
possession, avoiding liability, liquidation, and minimizing the empty
rate. Concludes that the potentially onerous liability of empty rate has
to be weighed against the loss of control by the mortgagee, for example,
through a receiver.
Business centres: the UK picture
Authors: Calder M. , Courtney S.
Published: September 2004

Reports on a survey undertaken to gather information about the
relatively new business centres market. Examines the trend of small
businesses, business centre facts, sub‐markets, survey results, and a
comparison with French business centres. Concludes that the 1980s saw a
shift to entrepreneurialism in the United Kingdom, and despite the
recession the shift has been permanent, with the consequence that the
kind of flexible space off
Legionnaires′ disease: new legal duties
Authors: Tyler M.
Published: September 2004

Discusses the re‐appraisal of precautions against Legionnaires′
disease required by the publication of official advice documents in
1991. Considers the relevant legislation, response to an outbreak,
consequences of breach, the Code of Practice, identification of
responsibility, and the HSE Guidance Note. Surmises that a clear
preventive policy is essential to comply with the new legislation, which
provides ample guidance to develop suitable programmes.
Meeting the EC Directives in the workplace
Authors: McKeown C.
Published: September 2004

Considers the implications of the EC health and safety directives
that impinge on property. Discusses the directives themselves,
implementation, ergonomics at work, and workstation requirements,
particularly in terms of equipment, environment and human‐computer
interface. Concludes that the ergonomic approach benefits the
organization in terms of staff satisfaction and reduced risk of injury
and compensation claims.
Environmental audits as a tool for commercial property
management
Authors: Hadley M.
Published: September 2004

Examines the environmental legislation facing companies in the
United Kingdom. Discusses the legislative background, environmental
audit definition, audit types, the American experience, the reasons for
auditing, the auditing team, collecting information, conducting the
audit, and the audit report. Concludes that the environmental
legislation means a period of uncertainty for the commercial property
sector, the evidence from American industry showing that any party can
demand an environmental audit.
Auditing of reserve fund accounts
Authors: Niren Charles
Published: September 2004

Provides some background to the new Code of Practice for property
management agents. Argues that clarity of accounts is in the interests
of landlords, agents, and residents alike.
Forfeiture and peaceable re‐entry: a review of recent
developments
Authors: Waterson Geoffrey
Published: September 2004

Asks when it is possible to forfeit the property lease for breach
of covenant. Considers the rules and limitations under which this right
may be exercised in the light of a recent decision made by a Court of
Appeal. Argues that this decision represents little more than a papering
over archaic and arbitrary rules. Advocates the programme of reforms
recommended by the Law Commission.
Offices with living accommodation: rates or the community
charge?
Authors: Enemy Roger
Published: September 2004

Outlines the Local Government Finance Act which lays down the way
living accommodation is to be treated for Community Charge purposes.
Considers whether living accommodation in offices should be rated or
subject to the Community Charge, and whether it can make a difference to
the amount of tax paid in high value locations.
Managing space efficiently: strategic portfolio management
Authors: Becker F.
Published: September 2004

Reports on a study undertaken to explore how large organizations
are restructuring their approach to portfolio management. Identifies
developer perspective, company‐wide computer‐aided support systems and a
unified property service structure as ways of increasing operational
effectiveness and efficiency. Concludes that while systematic analytical
procedures were rarely used, there is now a willingness to challenge
conventional practices.
Licensed premises; part 1 The changing strategies of
national brewers
Authors: Edwards V. , Bunting L.
Published: September 2004

Analyses the factors responsible for recent changes in the property
strategies of UK brewers, particularly a report by the MMC. Considers
the extent of horizontal and vertical integration, and diversification,
within the brewing industry. Concludes that while many recent changes
may have occurred anyway, the MMC report officially broke the link
between brewing and retailing, opening the way for property
professionals in public house management.
Shopping centre management for the ′nineties
Authors: Cowper R.J.
Published: September 2004

Examines two aspects of the management consultant′s role in making
shopping centre management more efficient. Analyses the practical
aspects of the shopping centre design concept: entrances, signposting,
safety and security, equipment. Also considers the scope of landlord
services such as marketing and promotion to be provided.
Retail refurbishment: Designs for the next decade
Authors: Walker A.
Published: September 2004

Investigates the results of research into attitudes towards
shopping centre refurbishment. Considers the historical background of
retail development and the motivation and requirements for
refurbishment. Concludes that development is likely to proceed in two
ways: centres with simpler, more durable design; and a return to the
department store format.
Computer‐aided facilities management: The path to
implementation
Authors: Varcoe B. J.
Published: September 2004

Examines the issue of how facilities departments should approach
the potential benefits of computer‐aided facilities management, and how
they can decide whether the implementation of a CAFM system will be of
value. Considers a wide variety of the facilities that CAFM can offer:
CAD, space utilization, asset management, IT/data services,
lease/property management, cost/benefit analysis and financial control
systems, as well as the benefits CAFM can confer. Concludes that the
major benefit of IT investment is the creative power it can deliver.