bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Types of Tobacco Products Used by Caregivers of Newborns in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Gittelman Michael , Southworth Hayley , Carle Adam C. , Anzeljc Samantha , Qian Xiaokun , Wervey Arnold Melissa , Mahabee-Gittens E. Melinda
Published: April 2022

This study determined the types of tobacco products used by caregivers who presented to infant well-child visits (WCVs), tobacco product use by other household members, and caregivers’ readiness to quit. The Ohio Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics conducted a 10-month quality improvement collaborative to improve providers’ tobacco screening and cessation counseling practices. A sub-analysis of the initial screenings was performed to determine types of tobacco products used and caregivers’ readiness to quit. Fourteen practices (60 providers) participated, and 3972 initial screens were analyzed; 320 (8.1%) caregivers and 490 (12.4%) household members used tobacco products. Most smoking caregivers and household members exclusively used cigarettes (79% and 72%, respectively). There was no difference in caregiver intention to quit by tobacco type, yet 53% of smoking caregivers were ready to quit. Providers should provide screening and cessation counseling to caregivers of infants at WCVs since many are ready to quit.
Innovations in Governance: Political Theory, Liberal State and Active Democracy
Authors: Tripathi Sudhanshu
Published: April 2022

The article deals with evolution of political theory and state and efforts to activate democracy, especially in the Third World countries still operating in a feudal/monarchic manner, as against liberal/progressive democracies in Anglo-American-Scandinavian countries. This needs to re-energise existing institutions of governance through much-needed innovations, leading to transformations in the respective roles of state, market and civil society to ensure responsibility/accountability, transparency and reduction in fiscal deficit in national economy. While liberal/progressive agenda of continuing reforms for common welfare must be dynamically pursued to accomplish timely innovations in governance, minimising exclusive production, putting huge burden on economy and reducing per-capita share, may help-reinvent an active democracy, thereby further expanding freedom of choice and opportunities to all in the era of digitalisation preceded by liberalisation and globalisation.
Determination of the Relationship Between Self-Care Agency and Death Anxiety Among Elderly Individuals
Authors: Batı Serap , Polat Hilal Türkben , Akkuş Hamdi
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-care agency and death anxiety among elderly individuals. The study sample consisted of 163 elderly individuals who applied to the internal medicine and chest diseases outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Death anxiety (DAS) and Self-care agency (SCAS) scales were used for data collection. The mean DAS score of the participants was found 6.76 ± 3.25 and low. The mean SCAS scores was 94.35 ± 16.37 and moderate. A positive very weak correlation was found between self-care agency and death anxiety ( p = 0.044, r = 0.158). Elderly individuals without regular income had higher levels of death anxiety compared to those with regular income ( p < 0.05). A significant difference was found in death anxiety levels with respect to the sex and marital status ( p < 0.05). The low-level death anxiety on elderly individuals may have a positive effect on maintaining their self-care agency. Nurses should engage in training activities and interventions to increase the levels of self-care agency and determine the death anxiety among elderly individuals.
Juror Decision Making and Euthanasia: Exploring the Role of Jury Nullification, Manner of Death, and Defendant-Decedent Relationship
Authors: Scott Jason D , Bell Daniel , Barry Brian , Edlund John E
Published: April 2022

In cases of euthanasia, determinations of guilt may be influenced by legal and extra-legal factors. This study explores the role that nullification instructions play in juror decision making. A defendant may be viewed as less culpable if the act was done out of mercy and jury nullification may occur as a result. We anticipated that these determinations may be influenced by the manner of death and the relational distance between the defendant and the decedent. It is unknown how euthanasia is viewed when it is performed by a physician compared to a family member or friend. To answer these questions, participants acted as mock jurors in a euthanasia case. The descriptions of the case varied by the presence of nullification instructions, the manner of death, and the defendant’s relationship to the decedent. The results revealed significant effects of method of euthanasia and the type of defendant on juror verdicts. Jurors were most likely to acquit in a case that provided nullification instructions and involved a spouse using lethal injection for euthanasia. This finding suggests that different circumstances of a euthanasia case will affect jurors’ propensity to focus on personal sympathies and interpretations. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Curvature control of weft-knitted spacer fabric through elastic inlay
Authors: Yu Annie , Sukigara Sachiko , Yick Kit-Lun
Published: April 2022

Wearable cushioning products that accommodate the body contours are challenging to fabricate. A method that controls the curvature of spacer fabric thus facilitating a high degree of conformity to the body is proposed here. Elastic yarn is inlaid into one of the surface layers and the feeding rate is controlled. The physical properties, curvature and compression properties of five samples with the same knitted structure but different feeding rate of the elastic yarn are evaluated. The results show a linear relationship between fabric curvature and feeding rate. Curved spacer fabric with a lower feeding rate has a greater degree of curvature and is thicker, but with a smaller fabric width, and lower weight and density. The compression stiffness and work of compression increase with curvature, which allows strategic cushioning in areas that are relatively more curved, such as the kneecaps. The proposed method can contribute to the development of protective garments.
Navigating the “Dual Pandemics”: The Cumulative Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Rise in Awareness of Racial Injustices among High School Students of Color in Urban Schools
Authors: Yeh Christine Jean , Stanley Samantha , Ramirez Crystal A. , Borrero Noah E.
Published: April 2022

We explored the psychological and educational impact of distance learning during the COVID-19 and racial injustice pandemics. The sample included 19 urban high school students of Color from the San Francisco Bay Area. Interview data were analyzed using Reflexive Thematic Analysis revealing seven themes: (1) challenges learning from home; (2) shifts that impact students’ experience with school; (3) emotions emerging from the COVID-19 pandemic; (4) increased awareness and engagement related to racial injustices; (5) emotional reactions to the rise in awareness to racial injustices; (6) shifts in identity due to social isolation; and (7) coping strategies and support needed.
Disentangling populism and nationalism as discourses of foreign policy: the case of Greek foreign policy during the Eurozone crisis 2010-19
Authors: Chryssogelos Angelos
Published: April 2022

Populism and nationalism are often grouped together as phenomena challenging international cooperation. This article argues that, despite these similarities, international relations and foreign policy scholarship can and should distinguish analytically between them. Populism and nationalism differ in how they visualise and articulate the boundaries of the political community and its relationship with political authority. Also, populism can be distinguished from nationalism in that the political community it discursively constructs and mobilises is temporally and territorially particularistic, holding different interests from those of the historically universal nation. These differences imply that populism and nationalism express themselves in distinct, although often overlapping, discourses in foreign policy. The article develops a typology of foreign policy discourses created by the intertwining of populism and nationalism and applies it to an analysis of Greek foreign policy during the decade of the Eurozone crisis (2010–19).
A multi-centre prospective cohort study of patients on the elective waiting list for cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yates Martin T , Balmforth Damian , Kirmani Bilal H , Acharya Metesh , Jeganathan Reuben , Ngaage Dumbor , Kanani Mayzar , Deglurkar Indu , Lopez-Marco Ana , Sanders Julie , Ye Oo Aung
Published: April 2022

Summary

Objectives

During the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, elective cardiac surgery was suspended to provide ICU beds for COVID-19 patients and those requiring urgent cardiac surgery. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of the pandemic on outcomes of patients awaiting elective cardiac surgery.

Design

A multi-centre prospective cohort study.

Setting

The elective adult cardiac surgery waiting list as of 1 March 2020 across seven UK cardiac surgical centres.

Participants

Patients on the elective adult cardiac surgery waiting list as of 1 March 2020 across seven UK cardiac surgical centres.

Main outcome measures

Primary outcome was surgery, percutaneous therapy or death at one year

Methods

Data were collected prospectively on patients on the elective adult cardiac surgery waiting list as of 1 March 2020 across seven UK cardiac surgical centres. Primary outcome was surgery, percutaneous therapy or death at one year. Demographic data and outcomes were obtained from local electronic records, anonymised and submitted securely to the lead centre for analysis.

Results

On 1 March 2020, there were 1099 patients on the elective waiting list for cardiac surgery. On 1 March 2021, 83% (n = 916) had met a primary outcome. Of these, 840 (92%) had surgery after a median of 195 (118–262) days on waiting list, 34 (3%) declined an offer of surgery, 23 (3%) had percutaneous intervention, 12 (1%) died, 7 (0.6%) were removed from the waiting list. The remainder of patients, 183 (17%) remained on the elective waiting list.

Conclusions

This study has shown, for the first time, significant delays to treatment of patients awaiting elective cardiac surgery. Although there was a low risk of mortality or urgent intervention, important unmeasured adverse outcomes such as quality of life or increased perioperative risk may be associated with prolonged waiting times.
Organizational Context and Student Activism: Assessing Similarities and Differences across a Secular and Religious College and University
Authors: Mireles Gilbert F. , Bumgardner Sara M.
Published: April 2022

Student activism is a well-researched phenomenon. However, student activism at religious institutions is less well known. This gap is significant given that religious colleges and universities comprise nearly 20% of all post-secondary schools in the United States (Digest of Educational Statistics). This study examines how student perceptions and behaviors associated with activism are shaped by organizational context. To answer this question, researchers interviewed students and administrators at two institutions: one secular, the other religious. We found that differences in perceptions and practices are influenced by the school administration. Additionally, we found that social change efforts at the religious institution were simultaneously nurtured and constrained by the administration. Two contributions emerge from these findings. First, an elaboration on activism at religious schools and second, the concept of embedded activism, which explains the way institutional context enables and constrains social change efforts on college and university campuses.
Career Development Initiatives for Third party Employees: Development and Validation of a Scale
Authors: Anand Mahima , Waraich Sushmita Biswal
Published: April 2022

The study develops and validates an instrument to measure the perception of third-party employees (TPEs) towards career development initiatives undertaken by the client organization. Based on the review of the literature and the interviews held with subject experts and practitioners, different constructs (capturing career development initiatives for TPEs) were identified. To validate the study, the process of scale development was conducted in two phases using two distinct samples (N = 117 and N = 167). Initially, 61 items representing career development initiatives as perceived by TPEs, were developed. This was followed by the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to extract and reduce the items. Using EFA, five factors were extracted, namely, mentoring, training, challenging assignments, performance appraisal and feedback, and internal job postings, consisting of 18 items, all of which met the criteria of EFA. These 18 items were reported to a different sample of TPEs to check the model fit through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). This included the reliability and validity assessment of the measurement scale. The results supported a five-factor model, consisting of 16 items (two items were not supported), which collectively formed the scale on perceived investment in career development (PICD) for TPEs.
Effects of mindful emotion regulation on parents’ loneliness and social support: A longitudinal study during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States
Authors: Zhang Na , Russell Beth , Park Crystal , Fendrich Michael
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced unprecedented challenges and demands for parents or caregivers of children who experienced disruptions in social support and feelings of isolation. Mindful emotion regulation may be a resilient factor for parents’ psychosocial outcomes. Mindful emotion regulation refers to individuals’ inherent capacities to regulate emotions mindfully, i.e., through paying attention to one’s experiences in the present moment nonjudgmentally. Based on the theoretical and empirical literature associating mindful emotion regulation with loneliness and perceived social support, the current study tested the effects of mindful emotion regulation on later changes in perceived social support and loneliness in U.S. parents during the pandemic. Participants were 147 parents/caregivers who were living with at least one child or adolescent in their household during the pandemic in the USA. Data were collected from a national online sample at four time points: baseline (April 7–21, 2020), 30-, 60-, and 90-days later. Results of longitudinal mediational structural equation modeling showed that mindful emotion regulation was directly associated with increased perceived social support and decreased loneliness. Moreover, mindful emotion regulation was also associated with perceived social support indirectly through its effects on loneliness. Focusing on the needs of parents is important for promoting family and child wellbeing to ameliorate negative health consequences. More research is needed to elucidate whether and how mindful emotion regulation may be beneficial for parents in the social relationship domain.
‘A shadow of me old self’: The impact of image-based sexual abuse in a digital society
Authors: Huber Antoinette
Published: April 2022

This article sheds a new light on the impact of image-based sexual abuse (IBSA) on women. Drawing on findings from 17 in-depth interviews, it details the emotional, physical and social impact of this online victimisation, and how the impact of IBSA manifests in women’s everyday lives. By also using these findings as a basis to examine online victimisation more broadly, this article brings to the fore broader considerations of how technology is facilitating a mutation in forms of sexual violence causing victims to encounter impacts which are specific to, or amplified by, technology. Therefore, it calls for greater attention to be paid to the impacts of IBSA and more research into how the relationships between the online and offline worlds require us to change our understanding of victimisation in an ever-increasing digital society.
Association of benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, pregabalin, and melatonin with traffic accidents: A nationwide cohort and case-crossover study in Danish adults
Authors: Osler Merete , Jørgensen Martin B
Published: April 2022

Background:

Benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, pregabalin, and melatonin (BZPMs) have been associated with a higher risk of traffic accidents, but the evidence is inconsistent, and lacking for newer drugs.

Aim:

To examine the association of BZPMs with risk of traffic accidents.

Methods:

All Danish adults ( n = 3,823,588) were followed for redeemed prescriptions of BZPM and for incident traffic accidents registered in Danish registers from 2002 through 2018. Associations were examined in cohort and case-crossover designs using Cox proportional hazard and conditional logistic regression with adjustment for co-variables.

Results:

A total of 19.3% ( n = 738,019) of all participants initiated treatment with BZPMs. During the mean follow-up of 10.3 years, 595,173(15.5%) of participants were involved in a traffic accident. In the cohort analysis, all BZPMs besides pregabalin were associated with a higher risk of traffic accidents in adults below 70 years, with chlordiazepoxide showing the strongest association (hazard ratio (HR)age 18–49 = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67–1.86 and HRage 50–69 = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.70–2.00). In the older age groups, the specific BZPM medications were associated with lower or no risk of traffic accidents. However, in case–time-crossover analysis with inherited control for confounders, no BZPM medication was positively associated with traffic accidents, except for chlordiazepoxide, which had a higher odds ratio in middle-aged group (1.62, 95% CI: 1.15–2.29).

Conclusions:

This study does not fully support that BZPM use is a risk factor for traffic accidents. However, a positive association was found for chlordiazepoxide, which is approved for treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal.
Ancillary findings in distinguishing between anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration and sprain on MRI: a practical approach
Authors: Cilengir Atilla Hikmet , Akkus Onur Kaan , Baysan Caner , Uluc Engin , Cilengir Nevin , Tosun Ozgur
Published: April 2022

Background

Imaging findings of both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) sprain and mucoid degeneration overlap in some cases, which may cause errors in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation.

Purpose

To determine the ancillary findings on MRI in distinguishing between ACL sprain and mucoid degeneration, and also to obtain a diagnostic scheme.

Material and Methods

MRI scans of 77 patients with ACL mucoid degeneration and 77 cases with ACL sprain were retrospectively evaluated to compare with regard to parameters of age, sex, side, the status of posterior cruciate ligament – medial collateral ligament – lateral collateral ligament, bone marrow edema, intraosseous cyst, subchondral sclerosis, chondromalacia, meniscus tear, effusion, and osteochondral body. A decision tree algorithm was created to predict pathology in ACL, whether it was a sprain or mucoid degeneration.

Results

The prevalence of female sex, femoral intraosseous cyst, tibial intraosseous cyst, subchondral sclerosis, femoral chondromalacia, tibial chondromalacia, medial meniscus tear, and lateral meniscus tear were significantly higher in the ACL mucoid degeneration group ( P < 0.001, P = 0.016, P < 0.001, P = 0.003, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). The probability of being mucoid degeneration increased 41.2 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.296–321.132) in cases with tibial intraosseous cyst and increased 1.05 times (95% CI = 1.010–1.080) with each one-year increase in age ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.011, respectively). The decision tree algorithm had an overall accuracy of 79.2%.

Conclusion

Ancillary findings are helpful in the diagnosis of suspicious cases for ACL mucoid degeneration and ACL sprain. The decision tree algorithm offers a practical and successful approach to this issue.
Aberrant changes of dynamic global synchronization in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wang Yong , Sun Zhongru , Zhou Zhijun
Published: April 2022

Background

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been documented with disrupted dynamic profiles of functional connectivity. However, the complementary information that is relevant to the dynamic pattern of global synchronization in patients with PD requires further investigation.

Purpose

To reveal the aberrant dynamic profiles of global synchronization involved in PD with a focus on temporal variability, strength, and property.

Material and Methods

A total of 46 patients with PD and 50 matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. Degree centrality (DC) was used as the metric of global synchronization. The intergroup differences in the dynamic DC (dDC) pattern were compared, followed by further analysis of their clinical relevance in PD.

Results

Relative to HCs, the PD group showed decreased dDC variability in right inferior occipital gyrus, right insula, right middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and bilateral postcentral gyrus. The dDC variability in the MOG was significantly correlated with MoCA score. Two states (state I and state II) were suggested. Relative to HCs, the PD group demonstrated a shorter mean dwell time (MDT) in state I, a longer MDT in state II, and fewer transitions. For the PD group, dDC properties were significantly correlated with UPDRS-III scores. In state II, significantly decreased dynamic dDC strength in bilateral supplementary motor area was observed in the PD group, with a significant correlation with UPDRS-III scores.

Conclusion

These findings on PD imply that dynamic alterations of global synchronization are engaged in the dysfunction of movement and cognition, deepening the understanding of deteriorations that underlie PD with complementary evidence.
An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews With or Without Meta-Analysis Assessing Treatment Outcomes and Efficiency of Self-Ligating Brackets
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Meghna , Verma Shubhnita , Chitra Prasad
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Self-ligating bracket systems are popular and seem to demonstrate lesser friction, allowing tooth movement without exerting unwanted forces on surrounding structures. This umbrella review aimed to compare self-ligating and conventional bracket systems for treatment efficiency.

Methods

An electronic search in 8 databases was performed for literature published between January 1, 1990, and October 1, 2021, with manual hand-searching of references of retrieved articles. Quality assessment was performed using the risk of bias in a systematic tool by 2 independent reviewers. Data were extracted using a prepiloted form (Joanna Briggs Institute) for evidence synthesis. Corrected covered area was calculated to quantify study overlaps across systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis.

Results

605 articles were retrieved, of which 16 were selected. Most included studies had a low risk of bias, except for 6 that showed an unclear risk of bias. Data analysis revealed a reduction in lower incisor proclination, bacterial accumulation, and oral malodor using self-ligating appliances.

Conclusions

Self-ligating systems reduce mandibular incisor proclination, bacterial accumulation, external apical root resorption, chairside time, and oral malodor. No other differences could be demonstrated in comparison with conventional appliance systems.
Alpha oscillations related to self-other integration and distinction during live orchestral performance: A naturalistic case study
Authors: Christensen Justin , Slavik Lauren , Nicol Jennifer J , Loehr Janeen D
Published: April 2022

Ensemble music performance requires musicians to achieve precise interpersonal coordination while maintaining autonomous control over their own actions. To do so, musicians dynamically shift between integrating other performers’ actions into their own action plans and maintaining a distinction between their own and others’ actions. Research in laboratory settings has shown that this dynamic process of self-other integration and distinction is indexed by sensorimotor alpha oscillations. The purpose of the current descriptive case study was to examine oscillations related to self-other integration and distinction in a naturalistic performance context. We measured alpha activity from four violinists during a concert hall performance of a 60-musician orchestra. We selected a musical piece from the orchestra’s repertoire and, before analyzing alpha activity, performed a score analysis to divide the piece into sections that were expected to strongly promote self-other integration and distinction. In line with previous laboratory findings, performers showed suppressed and enhanced alpha activity during musical sections that promoted self-other integration and distinction, respectively. The current study thus provides preliminary evidence that findings from carefully controlled laboratory experiments generalize to complex real-world performance. Its findings also suggest directions for future research and potential applications of interest to musicians, music educators, and music therapists.
Safety Performance of Unsignalized Median U-Turn Intersections
Authors: Kay Jonathan , Gates Timothy J. , Savolainen Peter T. , Shakir Mahmud Md
Published: April 2022

Alternative intersection designs can offer safety and operational benefits with potentially lower costs than conventional intersections when implemented in the proper setting. The Federal Highway Administration has previously identified a subset of alternative designs called reduced left-turn conflict intersections as a proven safety countermeasure. Median U-turn intersections (also known as “Michigan lefts” or “boulevard turnarounds”) are one such design that accommodates all left-turn movements via directional U-turn crossovers within the median. Prior work has consistently shown that median U-turn intersections can provide superior safety performance when used in the appropriate conditions. However, research that is specific to unsignalized reduced left-turn conflict intersections continues to be limited to work conducted before the Highway Safety Manual, or which includes restricted crossing U-turn intersections. This study included the evaluation of historical traffic crashes and volume data at 95 unsignalized intersections in the state of Michigan. This included the collection of data for 39 median U-turn sites and 56 reference group sites to estimate safety performance functions and crash modification factors that can be used when considering future conversions. Ultimately, crash modification factors for fatal and injury crashes of 0.438 and 0.686 are recommended when converting intersections with undivided two-lane two-way major approaches and four-lane divided boulevard major approaches, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in property damage only crashes associated with converting intersections with undivided, two-lane, two-way major approaches, a crash modification factor of 1.325 is recommended for property damage only crashes specific to conversions with four-lane, divided boulevard major approaches.
Agent-Based Simulation Approach to Determine Safety Impacts of Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT) in Wayne County, Michigan
Authors: Feizi Ahmad , Twumasi-Boakye Richard , Djavadian Shadi , Fishelson James
Published: April 2022

Road safety is one of the major concerns in transportation system management. Safety performance analyses usually assess crash frequencies and the impacts of countermeasures on the number of crashes. However, the advent of new mobility solutions makes safety evaluation more challenging; data tend to be sparse, and the impacts of such services on demand and the performance of the broader network is not completely understood. This paper attempts to fill this gap by creating a novel method to estimate the safety impacts of Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT) services. Using an agent-based mesoscopic model in the Multi-Agent Transport Simulation (MATSim) Toolkit, we simulate DRT as a new mobility solution in Wayne County, Michigan, and obtain spatial and temporal distributions of traffic volume and operating speed to predict the frequency and severity of crashes. We tested for different DRT service designs, such as fleet size, detour tolerance, and initial placement of the fleet. Our findings indicate that introducing a DRT service on its own increases vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) by 22% and consequently the number of crashes by 17%. However, this impact could be ameliorated by increasing the detour tolerance, which can significantly increase the number of shared rides and decreases the crash frequency (10.8%) and crash severity as a result of a lower VKT (15%). The output of the proposed framework serves as a starting point of a safety performance evaluation using an agent-based simulation approach to achieve a safe and successful implementation of shared mobility services in large-scale urbanized areas.
Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture: Repair or Reconstruction? Five-Year Results of a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Hoogeslag Roy A.G. , Huis In ’t Veld Rianne , Brouwer Reinoud W. , de Graaff Feike , Verdonschot Nico
Published: April 2022

Background:

High-level evidence for short–term outcomes of contemporary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) suture repair (ACLSR) in comparison with those of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is scarce. High-level evidence for mid- and long–term results is lacking, whereas outcomes of ACLSR in several historical studies were shown to deteriorate at midterm follow–up after initial good short–term outcomes.

Hypothesis:

Contemporary ACLSR is noninferior to ACLR in the treatment of acute ACL rupture in terms of patient self–reported outcomes at 5 years postoperatively.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 48 patients were enrolled in the study and, after stratification and randomization, underwent either dynamic augmented (DA) ACLSR or anatomic single–bundle ACLR. The primary outcome measure was the International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 (IKDC) subjective score (IKDCs). Furthermore, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Tegner Activity Scale score (TAS), visual analog scale score for satisfaction (VASs), IKDC physical examination score (IKDCpe), limb symmetry index for quadriceps (LSIq) and hamstrings (LSIh) strength and jump test battery (LSIj), Kellgren-Lawrence grade of osteoarthritis (OA), and rate of adverse events were recorded. Analyses were based on an intention–to–treat principle.

Results:

The lower limit of the 2–sided 95% CI for the median IKDCs of the DA ACLSR group (n = 23; 75.9) was lower than the prespecified noninferiority margin (n = 21; 86.6). Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected. However, the upper limit of the 2–sided 95% CI of the DA ACLSR group (100.0) was higher than the median IKDCs of the ACLR group (96.6), rendering the result for noninferiority inconclusive. No statistical difference was found between groups for median IKDCs (repair, 90.2; reconstruction, 96.6). Furthermore, no statistically significant differences were found for any of the secondary outcome measures for the DA ACLSR compared with the ACLR group: KOOS Symptoms, 92.9 versus 96.4; KOOS Pain, 100 versus 97.2; KOOS Activities of Daily Living, 100 versus 100; KOOS Sport and Recreation, 85.0 versus 100; TAS score, 7.0 versus 6.5; VASs, 9.2 versus 8.7; IKDCpe, 81.8% versus 100%; LSIq, ≥91.6 versus ≥88.2; LSIh, ≥95.1 versus ≥90.7; LSIj, ≥94.2 versus ≥97.6; OA grade 0, 90.9% versus 77.8%; clinical ACL failure rate, 20.8% versus 27.2%; and repeat surgery rate, 37.5% versus 20.0%, respectively.

Conclusion:

It remains inconclusive whether the effectiveness of DA ACLSR is noninferior to that of ACLR in terms of subjective patient–reported outcomes as measured using the IKDCs. Although DA ACLSR may be a viable treatment option for patients with acute ACL rupture, caution must be exercised when considering this treatment for young, active patients, corresponding to the present study population.
The Victim-Perpetrator Relationship and Peritraumatic Schemas as a Result of Sexual Trauma
Authors: Lauricella Danielle , Eichenberger Laura , Gregory Makayla
Published: April 2022

The development of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) due to sexual trauma is complex. Various mechanisms have been studied to explain the relationship between sexual trauma and PTSS. Other studies have looked at the impact of the victim-perpetrator relationship on the relationship between sexual trauma and PTSS with mixed results. Lacking from the literature is the possible mediating effect of peritraumatic schemas for the relationship between sexual trauma and PTSS. Additionally, the impact of the type of victim-perpetrator relationship may have on the development of peritraumatic schemas has also been unaddressed. This study seeks to close the gap in the literature by asking if peritraumatic schemas mediate the relationship between sexual trauma, specifically attempted and completed rape, and PTSS. The moderating role of the victim-perpetrator relationship on the association between sexual trauma and peritraumatic schemas was also examined. Using a college student sample that had endorsed experiencing at least one sexual trauma in their life, this study examined path analysis model explaining the mediating effects of peritraumatic schemas and the moderating effects of the victim-perpetrator relationship. Results indicated that peritraumatic schemas partially mediated the relationship between attempted rape and PTSS when controlling for completed rape. This effect was not found for the relationship between completed rape and PTSS when controlling for attempted rape. The interaction between attempted rape and the acquaintance perpetrator relationship was significant, indicating that peritraumatic schemas increased more severely for those that experienced attempted rape by an acquaintance. Recognizing that PTSS partially results from the peritraumatic schemas experienced, which are impacted by the victim-perpetrator relationship, helps increase understanding of the experience of attempted rape.
South Korea’s legacy of orphan adoption and the violation of adoptees’ rights to know their origins
Authors: Lee Kyung-eun
Published: April 2022

South Korea experienced international scrutiny over its irregular intercountry adoption practices in the 1980s. However, it eventually came to be viewed as a model of transparent and efficient adoptions. This façade disguises an orphan adoption system that has become entrenched over the decades. Today, adoptees continue to lobby for their right to origins. This paper explores South Korea’s laws and policies, which nullified the rights of adoptees, and it calls for receiving countries to assume co-responsibility to restore these rights.
Adhesive bonding of similar/dissimilar three-dimensional printed parts (ABS/PLA) considering joint design, surface treatments, and adhesive types
Authors: Tiwary Vivek K , Padmakumar Arunkumar , Malik Vinayak
Published: April 2022

Three-dimensional printing (3D), a vital technological pillar of industry 4.0 suffers from an important bed size limitation, wherein it cannot print any part larger than its bed size. Unfortunately, research in this domain has not kept pace with the other limitations hindering the acceptability of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-3D printers. This paper investigates the adhesive joining of dissimilar 3D-printed parts made from usually preferred materials (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Polylactic Acid (PLA)) having different geometric joint designs (lap, scarf, stepped) employing diverse adhesives (epoxy, cyanoacrylate, polyurathane-based) subjected to different surface treatments (sanding, vapor, plasma). The aim is two-fold: to enhance the joint strength making adhesive bonding a suitable solution for complex structural application, as well as to overcome the bed size limitation of commercially available 3D printers. The individual and combined effect of the parameters, prediction, and validation for tensile strength were realized by statistical tools (DOE and ANOVA). The results revealed the significance of the process parameters in the following order: material type, joint configuration, adhesive types, and surface pre-treatments. The preferred material turned out to be ABS + ABS, with stepped configuration, subjected to plasma treatment and bonded with Loctite adhesives giving a strong improvement in terms of performance. Finally, the model summary with R2 value of 95.6% implied that the experimentation was successful and could be easily reproduced on an industrial scale helping to attain high strength-less weight components even with smaller FDM-3D printers.
Experimental investigations into the nano-finishing of Al2024 tubes using the rotational-magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing (R-MRAFF) process
Authors: Choopani Yahya , Khajehzadeh Mohsen , Razfar Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2022

Aluminum alloy 2024 (Al2024) tubes have extensive applications in the aerospace industry; however, finishing their interior surfaces is a big challenge. In this case, many traditional and advanced machining processes are inefficient due to the limitations of machining tools. To overcome these challenges and limitations, rotational-magnetorheological abrasive flow finishing (R-MRAFF) process has been proposed. In this process, magnetorheological polishing (MRP) fluid, experiences a rotational motion in addition to the reciprocating motion on the workpiece surface asperities. In the present work, the effect of the R-MRAFF processing time on the internal finishing of Al2024 tubes has been investigated experimentally in terms of two essential parameters; surface roughness and material removal. In this regard, an industrial prototype of the R-MRAFF process has been developed. Experimental results express the efficiency of the R-MRAFF process for nano-finishing of Al2024 tubes. The surface roughness and material removal values at a processing time of 15 min are 26.3 nm and 41 mg, respectively. In addition to the morphological observations, the surface topography results emphasize the removal of peaks by the R-MRAFF process, besides creating deep scratches with negative skewness on the surface texture of Al2024 tubes, which results in increased oil holding capacity.
Effects of non-Fourier bioheat transfer on bone drilling temperature in orthopedic surgery: Theoretical and in vitro experimental investigation
Authors: Kabiri Ali , Talaee Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2022

The mechanical drilling process is a typical step in treating bone fractures to fix broken parts with screws and plates. Drilling generates a significant amount of heat and elevates the temperature of the bone, which can cause thermal osteonecrosis and damage to the surrounding bone tissue and nerves. Thermal inertia between heat flux and temperature gradient in nonhomogeneous interior structural medium-like biological tissues is arguable. Therefore, this paper proposes an analytical model of heat propagation in bone drilling for orthopedic surgery based on the hyperbolic Pennes bioheat transfer equation (HPBTE). Drilling experiments in bovine cortical bone samples were also carried out using an infrared thermography approach to confirm the proposed analytical model. Around the drilled hole surface, thermal necrosis is spread out from 1 to 10 mm. Increased feed rate reduces necrosis penetration distance and increases intense bone necrosis. The HPBTE includes thermal relaxation time effect and internal convective function of tissue perfusion rate. As these factors are not considered in the parabolic heat transfer equation (PHTE), the results show that the HPBTE is more accurate in predicting temperature and thermal osteonecrosis than the PHTE. As a result, proposed analytical model is a handy tool for calculating temperature to avoid thermal damage while improving process efficiency. Furthermore, it has the capability of controlling the manual or robotic drilling procedure for minimally invasive operations.
The role of NiTi shape memory alloys in quality of life improvement through medical advancements: A comprehensive review
Authors: Nair Viswajith S , Nachimuthu Radhika
Published: April 2022

The significance of advanced smart materials in recent technological research and advancement is apparent from its extensive use in present day devices and instruments. Of the various smart materials in use today, the fascinating category of shape memory alloys (SMAs) is equipped with the ability to return to a previously memorized shape under certain thermomechanical or magnetic stimuli. The unique property of shape memory effect and superelasticity displayed by these materials along with good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance make them ideal for biomedical applications. The various applications of SMAs in surgical instruments, surgical implants, and assistive and rehabilitative devices have significant effect on the day to day life of people in the present age. Majority of these biomedical devices belong to the orthodontic, orthopedic, or surgical fields. Other remarkable applications of SMAs such as in the production of prostheses and orthoses designed through the biomimetic approach are also highly influential in improving the quality of life. The present paper provides an overview of the various properties of shape memory alloys and their applications in the biomedical field over the years, that have had a significant impact on the realm of medical science.
Primary syphilis of the finger: report of four cases
Authors: Ramoni Stefano , Riva Davide , Spigariolo Cristina B , Cusini Marco
Published: April 2022

Although primary syphilis generally involves the genitalia, literature reports that 12% of chancres are extragenital, with the anus and oral cavity as the most frequent locations. We present hereby a case series of four chancres of the finger observed at the sexually transmitted infection centre of Milan between 2010 and 2021.
The in vitro effects of vitamin 1, 25(OH) 2 D3 on expression of cytokines: In new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Chegni Hamid , Heidarvand Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Background:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting a variety of factors in the immune system. Awareness of the role of cytokines in SLE has led to new clinical perspectives in its pathogenesis; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin 1, 25(OH) 2 D3 (D3) on the expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-γ cytokines in patients with lupus.

Methods:

A total of 65 new-onset SLE patients were enrolled in the study. After peripheral blood mononuclear cell isolation, the lymphocytes of each patient were divided into two groups, one treated with a concentration of 50 μmol vitamin D3 (test) and the other untreated with vitamin D3 (control), were cultured. After 24 hours, the cultured cells were collected and the expressions of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IFN-γ genes were analyzed by RT-qPCR.

Results:

It was observed that vitamin D3 reduced expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 genes by 73, 50, 37, and 29%, respectively, and increased IL-2 gene expression by 31% ( p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:

With different patterns of cytokine changes in patients with lupus in different studies, it seems that the pattern of cytokine changes is largely dependent on the phase of the disease and with this study it can be concluded that vitamin D3 administration at the time of diagnosis and in the early stages and before starting treatment have different effects from its administration in the acute stage of the disease, which requires further studies to prove. It seems that in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, vitamin D should be administered taking into account the phase of the disease.
Response-adaptive treatment randomization for multiple comparisons of treatments with recurrent event responses
Authors: Gao Jingya , Hu Feifang , Cheung Siu Hung , Su Pei-Fang
Published: April 2022

Recurrent event responses are frequently encountered during clinical trials of treatments for certain diseases, such as asthma. The recurrence rates of different treatments are often compared by applying the negative binomial model. In addition, a balanced treatment-allocation procedure that assigns the same number of patients to each treatment is often applied. Recently, a response-adaptive treatment-allocation procedure has been developed for trials with recurrent event data, and has been shown to be superior to balanced treatment allocation. However, this response-adaptive treatment allocation procedure is only applicable for the comparison of two treatments. In this paper, we derive response-adaptive treatment-allocation procedures for trials which comprise several treatments. As pairwise comparisons and multiple comparisons with a control are two common multiple-testing scenarios in trials with more than two treatments, corresponding treatment-allocation procedures for these scenarios are also investigated. The redesign of two clinical studies illustrates the clinical benefits that would be obtained from our proposed response-adaptive treatment-allocation procedures.
“A monument to suffering and to patience”: The harrowing journey of Nabby Adams through breast cancer
Authors: Jimenez Rafael E.
Published: April 2022

In 1813, Abigail “Nabby” Adams, the daughter of the second president of the United States, John Adams (1797–1801), passed away from metastatic breast cancer. Her ordeal began in 1810, at age 44, when she discovered a lump in her right breast She consulted with Dr Benjamin Rush, one of the most prominent physicians of the time and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, which resulted in a recommendation for an immediate mastectomy. The surgery was performed at her parent's home in Quincy, Massachusetts, by Dr John Warren. The crude and painful nature of the surgical procedure was highly traumatic to Ms. Adams and her family. After a few months, she returned to her home in rural New York. Within a few months she began feeling generalized pain. When it was evident that her symptoms were the result of disseminated breast cancer, she returned to her parents’ house, where she died on August 15, a mere 22 months after her surgery. Ms. Adams’ suffering through the stark treatment was the result of a unique historical period, when the medical community had just recently dismissed Galen's paradigms, but still lacked a basic knowledge of the disease's nature or the ability to administer painless, safe surgical treatment.