bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reducing radar cross section of flat metallic targets using checkerboard metasurface: Design, analysis, and realization
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Ru-Zhi , Zhang Sheng-Jun , Wang Han , Wang Wen-Song
Published: July 2023

Aiming at the large-scale application of metasurface in the field of radar stealth, we present a hybrid resonance-based and dispersion substrate integrated checkerboard metasurface (CMS) for reducing the radar cross section (RCS) of flat metallic targets. Considering the frequency-dependent characteristics of such a dispersion material, a pair of single and dual resonant artificial magnetic conductor meta-atoms with the modified “crusades-like” cell topologies is employed to maximize the operating bandwidth; besides, a comprehensive and thorough investigation on the resonance mechanism is conducted in this paper to provide an intuitive physical insight of meta-atoms’ reflection responses. By comparing the predicted results with simulations, the quasi-periodic effect is introduced to explain the frequency shift of 10 dB RCS reduction bandwidth. In the implementation procedure, a prototype of the designed RCS reducer with a total dimension of 180 × 180 mm2 is fabricated and measured, the 10 dB RCS reduction bandwidth of theoretical simulation and experimental measurement are basically consistent, and the performance improvement of 8 dB RCS reduction in the experimental results can be attributed to the dispersion effects of the dielectric substrate. With a better figure of merit, our efforts may serve as a useful exemplar for the economical CMS architecture in radar evasive applications.
Critical contact angle of a bouncing droplet
Authors: Gao Shu-Rong , Jin Jia-Xin , Shi Shi-Hua , Wei Bo-Jian , Wang Yi-Feng , Zheng Shao-Fei , Yang Yan-Ru , Wang Xiao-Dong
Published: July 2023

Bouncing droplets on solid surfaces is of great significance in diversified applications such as anti-icing and self-cleaning. It is important to establish a unified model to predict whether an impacting droplet can rebound from a surface or not. This work focuses on the rebound dynamic of a droplet impacting a hydrophobic surface via theoretical methods. Based on energy conservation, a new theoretical model to predict the rebound behavior of an impacting droplet is established. For an ideal surface, the contact angle hysteresis Δθ can be ignored and the rebound condition is θ ≥ θc,i, where θ is the equilibrium contact angle and θc,i is the critical rebounding contact angle (CRCA) of an ideal surface. For a real surface, Δθ is considered and the rebound condition is θr ≥ θc,r, where θr is the receding contact angle and θc,r is CRCA of a real surface. Especially, when Δθ is not large enough, the rebound condition for a real surface can be expressed as θr ≥ θc,i. This work is the first to establish the theoretical model considering both the energy dissipation throughout the impact process and the contact angle hysteresis, which shows a higher consistency with the previous works.
Experimental study of intrinsic localized mode mobility in a cyclic, balanced, 1D nonlinear transmission line
Authors: Sato M. , Furusawa H. , Sakai M. , Soga Y. , Sievers A. J.
Published: July 2023

Mobile intrinsic localized modes (ILMs) in balanced nonlinear capacitive-inductive cyclic transmission lines are studied by experiment, using a spatiotemporal driver under damped steady-state conditions. Without nonlinear balance, the experimentally observed resonance between the traveling ILM and normal modes of the nonlinear transmission line generates lattice drag via the production of a lattice backwave. In our experimental study of a balanced running ILM in a steady state, it is observed that the fundamental resonance can be removed over extended, well-defined driving frequency intervals and strongly suppressed over the complete ILM driving frequency range. Because both of these nonlinear capacitive and inductive elements display hysteresis our observation demonstrates that the experimental system, which is only partially self-dual, is surprisingly tolerant, regarding the precision necessary to eliminate the ILM backwave. It appears that simply balancing the cell dual nonlinearities makes the ILM envelope shape essentially the same at the two locations in the cell, so that the effective lattice discreteness seen by the ILM nearly vanishes.
Dynamic heterogeneity in polydisperse systems: A comparative study of the role of local structural order parameter and particle size
Authors: Patel Palak , Sharma Mohit , Maitra Bhattacharyya Sarika
Published: July 2023

In polydisperse systems, describing the structure and any structural order parameter (SOP) is not trivial as it varies with the number of species we use to describe the system, M. Depending on the degree of polydispersity, there is an optimum value of M = M0 where we show that the mutual information of the system increases. However, surprisingly, the correlation between a recently proposed SOP and the dynamics is highest for M = 1. This effect increases with polydispersity. We find that the SOP at M = 1 is coupled with the particle size, σ, and this coupling increases with polydispersity and decreases with an increase in M. Careful analysis shows that at lower polydispersities, the SOP is a good predictor of the dynamics. However, at higher polydispersity, the dynamics is strongly dependent on σ. Since the coupling between the SOP and σ is higher for M = 1, it appears to be a better predictor of the dynamics. We also study the Vibrality, an order parameter independent of structural information. Compared to SOP, at high polydispersity, we find Vibrality to be a marginally better predictor of the dynamics. However, this high predictive power of Vibrality, which is not there at lower polydispersity, appears to be due to its stronger coupling with σ. Therefore, our study suggests that for systems with high polydispersity, the correlation of any order parameter and σ will affect the correlation between the order parameter and dynamics and need not project a generic predictive power of the order parameter.
Hall interchange instability as a seed for helical magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities in magnetized liner inertial fusion Z-Pinches scaled from Z-Machine parameters to a next generation pulsed power facility
Authors: Woolstrum J. M. , Ruiz D. E. , Hamlin N. D. , Beckwith K. , Martin M. R.
Published: July 2023

Magnetized liner inertial fusion (MagLIF) is a magneto-inertial-fusion concept that is studied on the 20-MA, 100-ns rise time Z Pulsed Power Facility at Sandia National Laboratories. Given the relative success of the platform, there is a wide interest in studying the scaled performance of this concept at a next-generation pulsed-power facility that may produce peak currents upward of 60 MA. An important aspect that requires more research is the instability dynamics of the imploding MagLIF liner, specifically how instabilities are initially seeded. It has been shown in magnetized 1-MA thin-foil liner Z-pinch implosion simulations that a Hall interchange instability (HII) effect [J. M. Woolstrum et al., Phys. Plasmas 29, 122701 (2022)] can provide an independent seeding mechanism for helical magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities. In this paper, we explore this instability at higher peak currents for MagLIF using 2D discontinuous Galerkin PERSEUS simulations, an extended magneto-hydrodynamics code [C. E. Seyler and M. R. Martin, Phys. Plasmas 18, 012703 (2011)], which includes Hall physics. Our simulations of scaled MagLIF loads show that the growth rate of the HII is invariant to the peak current, suggesting that studies at 20-MA are directly relevant to 60-MA class machines.
Prediction of tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, and ferroelasticity in a CrNCl monolayer
Authors: Sun Huasheng , Qu Ziyang , Li Ang , Wan Yi , Wu Fang , Huang Chengxi , Kan Erjun
Published: July 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) multiferroic materials combining intrinsic ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity, which promise piezo-magnetoelectric effects, are highly desired for their potential applications in high-density and multi-functional spintronic devices. However, a room-temperature 2D triferroic semiconductor has never been reported. Here, on the basis of first-principle calculations, we predict that the CrNCl monolayer is a potential 2D triferroic semiconductor with ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, and ferroelasticity coexisting and strongly coupling at room temperature. The strong d-p hybridizations between Cr and N ions give rise to Cr–N dimerizations, leading to spontaneous symmetry-breaking and an in-plane electric polarization, as well as a remarkable enhancement of ferromagnetic super-exchange interactions. Moreover, the ferroelastic transition is accompanied by a 90° rotation of the in-plane electric polarization and the magnetic easy axis, suggesting a strong piezo-magnetoelectric effect. These findings provide insights into multiferroic behaviors in 2D systems and can help facilitate further advancements in spintronics.
Accurate prediction of global-density-dependent range-separation parameters based on machine learning
Authors: Villot Corentin , Huang Tong , Lao Ka Un
Published: July 2023

In this work, we develop an accurate and efficient XGBoost machine learning model for predicting the global-density-dependent range-separation parameter, ωGDD, for long-range corrected functional (LRC)-ωPBE. This ωGDDML model has been built using a wide range of systems (11 466 complexes, ten different elements, and up to 139 heavy atoms) with fingerprints for the local atomic environment and histograms of distances for the long-range atomic correlation for mapping the quantum mechanical range-separation values. The promising performance on the testing set with 7046 complexes shows a mean absolute error of 0.001 117 a0−1 and only five systems (0.07%) with an absolute error larger than 0.01 a0−1, which indicates the good transferability of our ωGDDML model. In addition, the only required input to obtain ωGDDML is the Cartesian coordinates without electronic structure calculations, thereby enabling rapid predictions. LRC-ωPBE(ωGDDML) is used to predict polarizabilities for a series of oligomers, where polarizabilities are sensitive to the asymptotic density decay and are crucial in a variety of applications, including the calculations of dispersion corrections and refractive index, and surpasses the performance of all other popular density functionals except for the non-tuned LRC-ωPBE. Finally, LRC-ωPBE (ωGDDML) combined with (extended) symmetry-adapted perturbation theory is used in calculating noncovalent interactions to further show that the traditional ab initio system-specific tuning procedure can be bypassed. The present study not only provides an accurate and efficient way to determine the range-separation parameter for LRC-ωPBE but also shows the synergistic benefits of fusing the power of physically inspired density functional LRC-ωPBE and the data-driven ωGDDML model.
Realization of the square-root higher-order topology in decorated Su–Schrieffer–Heeger electric circuits
Authors: Guo Shengqun , Pan Guangwu , Huang Jinke , Huang Ruimin , Zhuang Fengjiang , Su Shaojian , Lin Zhili , Qiu Weibin , Kan Qiang
Published: July 2023

In this work, we experimentally implemented square-root higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) in topological electric circuits with decorated Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) lattice. Due to the square-root operation, the corner states of the square-root HOTIs typically appear on the finite energy. Through theory and experiments, the corner states in both the parent and square-root HOTIs models, as well as their spectrum connection, were demonstrated. Our work not only experimentally substantiates the existence of square-root higher-order topology in decorated SSH lattice model, from the perspective of electric circuits, but also extends the possibilities for observing various topological phases in acoustic and mechanical systems.
Sequence-controlled chiral induced spin selectivity effect in ds-DNA
Authors: Bangruwa Neeraj , Suryansh  , Peralta Mayra , Gutierrez Rafael , Cuniberti Gianaurelio , Mishra Debabrata
Published: July 2023

In this research, we explore sequence-dependent chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) in double-stranded (ds)-DNA using time-correlated single-photon counting and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy supplemented by tight-binding calculations of the phenomenon for the first time. The average lifetime of the photo-excited electrons in a Quantum Dot-DNA system is influenced by the CISS effect generated by the DNA molecule, and the difference in average time decay of electrons was found to be 345 ps for opposite polarity (“UP” and “DOWN”) of spins due to the CISS effect. Moreover, the yield of spin-polarized electrons due to the CISS effect was reduced by more than 35% from perfect DNA to DNA with point mutations. Remarkably, by employing a tight binding method combined with Green’s function formalism for transport, simulations of the process support the observed experimental trends. Our results provide a basic understanding of the sequence-specific spin-dependent electron transfer through ds-DNA. These results would help to build spin-based next-generation DNA sensors.
Reconfigurable bandpass filter using Ce-doped YIG ferrites for wideband applications
Authors: Yadav Sheetal , Sharma Monika , Kuanr Bijoy K.
Published: July 2023

Integration of compact, tunable, low-cost monolithic microwave integrated circuit-based bandpass filters on a semiconductor substrate has been a persistent requirement in the communication industry. In the present investigation, a compact reconfigurable bandpass filter is fabricated using a double T-transducer based on the phenomena of magnetostatic surface spin waves (MSSWs). The Ce-doped Bi0.1YIG 500 μm thick disks with cerium concentration in the range of 0.2–1.0 provide the path for the propagation of MSSWs. The operating frequency for this device extends from S to X band Rogers RT/duroid® substrate, which is used for planar microstrip filter design, fabrication, and testing for practical applications. The effect of the coupling gap between the two transducers was optimized using appropriate choice of lumped components to improve the performance of the filter. The best coupling was observed for 1.2 mm coupling gap. The simulated and experimental results confirm the lowest insertion loss of −1.24 dB. The operating frequency shows a large tunability of 132.3% with a relatively small bias field of 0.3–2.1 kOe. The promising characteristics of bandpass filters such as low passband insertion loss, narrow bandwidth, high bandpass reflection coefficient, and high band-stop rejection were achieved by varying the Ce concentration in YIG samples.
In-plane lattice thermal conductivity predictions of thin films within columnar grains
Authors: Chen Qiyu , Hao Qing
Published: July 2023

Polycrystalline thin films are widely used for devices and energy-related applications, such as power electronics, solar cells, and thermal management of devices. In many cases, large-scale crystallization during thin-film growth is challenging, so columnar grains are often found in metal and semiconductor thin films. These rough columnar grain boundaries may also have different phonon specularities from that for typically smoother top/bottom film surfaces. A simple analytical model to separately treat these boundaries and interfaces for phonon scattering is currently unavailable, although the in-plane thermal transport is critical to heat spreading within thin-film devices. In this paper, we extend the effective medium formulation from three-dimensional polycrystalline bulk materials to columnar-grained thin films. The model predictions agree well with those given by frequency-dependent phonon Monte Carlo simulations, considering varied phonon specularity at top/bottom film surfaces and grain-boundary phonon transmissivity. The analytical model is further used to analyze the existing data on polycrystalline ZnO thin films with columnar grains.
Photothermal materials with energy-storage properties provide an energy-saving design for highly efficient anti-icing/deicing applications
Authors: Xie Zhenting , Feng Wei , Wang Hong , Chen Rong , Zhu Xun , Ding Yudong , Liao Qiang
Published: July 2023

All-weather, high-efficiency solar photothermal anti-icing/deicing systems are of great importance for solving the problem of ice accumulation on outdoor equipment surfaces. In this study, a photothermal phase change material with a micro-porous structure (MP@PPCM) is prepared via salt-template and melt-blending methods. Owing to the synergistic effect of the latent heat released from the phase change material and the thermal-insulation effect of the internal micro-porous structure, MP@PPCM exhibits a low cooling rate and a high equilibrium temperature during the cooling process. In addition, MP@PPCM exhibits excellent photothermal conversion performance under light illumination, providing the basis for highly efficient anti-icing/deicing. Notably, the single droplet icing and melting results show that the droplet has the longest icing delay time and the shortest melting time on the MP@PPCM sample compared to that on the other samples analyzed. Furthermore, day–night alternation, multiple freezing–melting, and chemical stability tests verify the outdoor applications potential of MP@PPCM. The study results provide a way to prepare high-efficiency photothermal anti-icing/deicing materials in the absence of light conditions.
Transcription factor expression repertoire basis for epigenetic and transcriptional subtypes of colorectal cancers
Authors: Bhandari Yuba R. , Krishna Vinod , Powers Rachael , Parmar Sehej , Thursby Sara-Jayne , Gupta Ekta , Kulak Ozlem , Gokare Prashanth , Reumers Joke , Van Wesenbeeck Liesbeth , Bachman Kurtis E. , Baylin Stephen B. , Easwaran Hariharan
Published: July 2023

Colorectal cancers (CRCs) form a heterogenous group classified into epigenetic and transcriptional subtypes. The basis for the epigenetic subtypes, exemplified by varying degrees of promoter DNA hypermethylation, and its relation to the transcriptional subtypes is not well understood. We link cancer-specific transcription factor (TF) expression alterations to methylation alterations near TF-binding sites at promoter and enhancer regions in CRCs and their premalignant precursor lesions to provide mechanistic insights into the origins and evolution of the CRC molecular subtypes. A gradient of TF expression changes forms a basis for the subtypes of abnormal DNA methylation, termed CpG-island promoter DNA methylation phenotypes (CIMPs), in CRCs and other cancers. CIMP is tightly correlated with cancer-specific hypermethylation at enhancers, which we term CpG-enhancer methylation phenotype (CEMP). Coordinated promoter and enhancer methylation appears to be driven by downregulation of TFs with common binding sites at the hypermethylated enhancers and promoters. The altered expression of TFs related to hypermethylator subtypes occurs early during CRC development, detectable in premalignant adenomas. TF-based profiling further identifies patients with worse overall survival. Importantly, altered expression of these TFs discriminates the transcriptome-based consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), thus providing a common basis for CIMP and CMS subtypes.
Unproctored online exams provide meaningful assessment of student learning
Authors: Chan Jason C. K. , Ahn Dahwi
Published: July 2023

In the United States, the onset of COVID-19 triggered a nationwide lockdown, which forced many universities to move their primary assessments from invigilated in-person exams to unproctored online exams. This abrupt change occurred midway through the Spring 2020 semester, providing an unprecedented opportunity to investigate whether online exams can provide meaningful assessments of learning relative to in-person exams on a per-student basis. Here, we present data from nearly 2,000 students across 18 courses at a large Midwestern University. Using a meta-analytic approach in which we treated each course as a separate study, we showed that online exams produced scores that highly resembled those from in-person exams at an individual level despite the online exams being unproctored—as demonstrated by a robust correlation between online and in-person exam scores. Moreover, our data showed that cheating was either not widespread or ineffective at boosting scores, and the strong assessment value of online exams was observed regardless of the type of questions asked on the exam, the course level, academic discipline, or class size. We conclude that online exams, even when unproctored, are a viable assessment tool.
Reminders, but not monetary incentives, increase COVID-19 booster uptake
Authors: Chang Tom Y. , Jacobson Mireille , Shah Manisha , Kopetsky Matthew , Pramanik Rajiv , Shah Samir B.
Published: July 2023

Despite substantially decreasing the risk of hospitalization and death from COVID-19, COVID-19 booster vaccination rates remain low around the world. A key question for public health agencies is how to increase booster vaccination rates, particularly among high-risk groups. We conducted a large preregistered randomized controlled trial (with 57,893 study subjects) in a county health system in northern California to test the impact of personal reminder messages and small financial incentives of $25 on booster vaccination rates. We found that reminders increased booster vaccination rates within 2 wk by 0.86 percentage points (P= 0.000) or nearly 33% off the control mean of 2.65%. Monetary incentives had no additional impact on vaccination rates. The results highlight the potential of low-cost targeted messages, but not small financial incentives, to increase booster vaccination rates.
LRRK2 suppresses lysosome degradative activity in macrophages and microglia through MiT-TFE transcription factor inhibition
Authors: Yadavalli Narayana , Ferguson Shawn M.
Published: July 2023

Cells maintain optimal levels of lysosome degradative activity to protect against pathogens, clear waste, and generate nutrients. Here, we show that LRRK2, a protein that is tightly linked to Parkinson’s disease, negatively regulates lysosome degradative activity in macrophages and microglia via a transcriptional mechanism. Depletion of LRRK2 and inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity enhanced lysosomal proteolytic activity and increased the expression of multiple lysosomal hydrolases. Conversely, the kinase hyperactive LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson’s disease mutant suppressed lysosomal degradative activity and gene expression. We identified MiT-TFE transcription factors (TFE3, TFEB, and MITF) as mediators of LRRK2-dependent control of lysosomal gene expression. LRRK2 negatively regulated the abundance and nuclear localization of these transcription factors and their depletion prevented LRRK2-dependent changes in lysosome protein levels. These observations define a role for LRRK2 in controlling lysosome degradative activity and support a model wherein LRRK2 hyperactivity may increase Parkinson’s disease risk by suppressing lysosome degradative activity.
NFIA in adipocytes reciprocally regulates mitochondrial and inflammatory gene program to improve glucose homeostasis
Authors: Hiraike Yuta , Saito Kaede , Oguchi Misato , Wada Takahito , Toda Gotaro , Tsutsumi Shuichi , Bando Kana , Sagawa Junji , Nagano Gaku , Ohno Haruya , Kubota Naoto , Kubota Tetsuya , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Kadowaki Takashi , Waki Hironori , Yanagimoto Shintaro , Yamauchi Toshimasa
Published: July 2023

Adipose tissue is central to regulation of energy homeostasis. Adaptive thermogenesis, which relies on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos), dissipates energy to counteract obesity. On the other hand, chronic inflammation in adipose tissue is linked to type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we show that nuclear factor I-A (NFIA), a transcriptional regulator of brown and beige adipocytes, improves glucose homeostasis by upregulation of Ox-Phos and reciprocal downregulation of inflammation. Mice with transgenic expression of NFIA in adipocytes exhibited improved glucose tolerance and limited weight gain. NFIA up-regulates Ox-Phos and brown-fat-specific genes by enhancer activation that involves facilitated genomic binding of PPARγ. In contrast, NFIA in adipocytes, but not in macrophages, down-regulates proinflammatory cytokine genes to ameliorate adipose tissue inflammation. NFIA binds to regulatory region of the
Ccl2
gene, which encodes proinflammatory cytokine MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), to down-regulate its transcription.
CCL2
expression was negatively correlated with
NFIA
expression in human adipose tissue. These results reveal the beneficial effect of NFIA on glucose and body weight homeostasis and also highlight previously unappreciated role of NFIA in suppressing adipose tissue inflammation.
The double object construction in 19th‑ and 20th‑century Swedish
Authors: Valdeson Frederik
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a study of the double object construction
(DOC) in 19th‑ and 20th‑century Swedish, focussing on the semantic range of
the construction. The results show that throughout this period, the Swedish
DOC occurs with verbs of transfer (e.g. ge ‘give’), future
transfer (erbjuda ‘offer’), dispossession
(beröva ‘deprive’), hindrance (neka
‘deny’), communication (säga ‘say’), causation
(förorsaka ‘cause’), creation and obtaining
(laga ‘cook’, skaffa ‘obtain’) as well
as verbs of attitude (avundas ‘envy’). Verbs of benefaction
and malefaction (öppna ‘open’, spärra
‘block’) are found in the 19th‑century data, but do not occur in the DOC in
present-day Swedish anymore. Over time, verbs of transfer have come to
constitute the majority of the instances of the DOC, while most other
semantic categories have undergone a decrease in token frequency, relative
to the construction as a whole. These findings suggest that since the
beginning of the 19th century, the Swedish DOC has undergone a process of
semantic specialization, similar to the development of the corresponding
constructions in English (Colleman and De
Clerck 2011; Zehentner 2018) and Dutch (Colleman 2011). The study also reveals a decline in
text frequency and overall type frequency of the DOC as a whole, indicating
that the construction has become less productive over the last two
centuries.
Assessment of landslide susceptibility of Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand (India) using logistic regression and multi-criteria decision-based analysis by analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Bhardwaj Vanshika , Singh Kanwarpreet
Published: July 2023

Landslides are the most prevalent natural hazard in hilly regions of India. This study examines the landslide susceptibility of the Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand, India, using multi-criteria decision based analysis by analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and logistic regression (LR) analysis. The LSZ modelling was performed using fourteen landslide causative factors. Based on past landslide data, landslide locations were identified, which were further divided into a 70/30 ratio, with 70 representing training and 30 representing validation. Validation of the findings of the predicted maps of landslide susceptibility using Area under Curve (AUC) indicates that the predicted map using the LR approach has the highest prediction rate compared to other methods used for landslide susceptibility prediction. Also, validation of all the models was done using Landslide Density Index (LDI) which shows the validity of all models. Thus, the results of all models can be used to predict landslide susceptibility in Pithoragarh.
Effectively improved energy storage performances of poly (vinylidene fluoride)-based nanocomposites via loading low fractions of TiO2@Fe3O4@ethylenediamine hybrid nanowires
Authors: Zhang Ting , Huo Xiaoyun , Wang Ling , Ma Fang , Hou Yafei
Published: July 2023

Dielectric capacitors with satisfactory energy storage performances are highly demanded. Herein, x vol.% TO@FO@ethanediamine (EDA)-poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposites combining the novel one-dimensional (1D) hybrid TiO2@Fe3O4@ethylenediamine (TO@FO@EDA NWs) as fillers and PVDF as matrix deliver the enhanced energy storage performances. Compared with the TO-, TO@EDA- and TO@FO- filled nanocomposites, TO@FO@EDA filled nanocomposites deliver the highest polarization, breakdown strength and energy storage performances because of the synergistic effects of 1D TO, conductive FO and EDA. As a result, the 2 vol.% TO@FO@EDA-PVDF nanocomposite shows the highest polarization difference (6.92 μC cm−3 at 435 kV mm−1), leading to an excellent discharged energy density (13.64 J cm−3), which is 192% higher than that of the pure PVDF (7.11 J cm−3). The primary results might provide a new solution to optimize the energy storage performances of polymer-based nanocomposites.
Molecule–plasmon–photon hybridization and applications
Authors: Yan Lü Dong , Badshah Fazal , Li Xin-Ke , Tong Rui , Wu Jun , Wu Cheng-Rui , Zeng Lihaowen , Ma Ming , Zhou Yuan
Published: July 2023

We study a potential hybrid quantum system with a plasmonic nanocavity coupled to a vibrating mode of a single molecule and another optical cavity mode. To explore some important and valuable applications in quantum physics, we discuss and evaluate several different applications with respect to the plasmon-mediated quantum interface, the plasmon-assisted engineering of two-mode continuous-variable entanglement, and pursuing an indirect and ultrastrong molecule–photon cooperativity. In addition, governed by the relation of symmetry breaking and quantum phase transitions (QPTs),single-molecule-induced QPTs are also studied in this tripartite hybrid quantum system. This theoretical study strongly supports potential applications of this hybrid system in the field of quantum information processing. It is believed that our investigation of molecule–plasmon–photon hybridization can not only open a new avenue toward quantum manipulation, but also provide a fresh and reliable platform to carry out many applications with high efficiency.
Theoretical and experimental demonstrations of the transversely symmetric and antisymmetric properties of topological edge states
Authors: Yuan Weitao , Zhao Jinfeng , Long Yang , Zhang Xiaoqing , Ren Jie , Zhong Zheng
Published: July 2023

Topological phononics are well known for their topological edge states (TES) due to backscattering immunity and pseudospin-dependent phonon transport. Here, we study two types of TES on valley phononic crystal (PC) plates. We magnify the transversely symmetric and antisymmetric properties by observing the displacement distribution in both simulations and experiments. We underline the theoretical origin of transversely symmetric and antisymmetric properties based on a simplified mass-spring model, i.e. the combination of the phase difference caused by the periodicity of the PC plate and the phase difference between sites p and q in the unit cell. Our results enrich the features of TES and offer the possibility of designing mechanical devices or controlling wave propagation along phonon circuits.
Antiferromagnetic structure with strongly reduced ordered moment of p-electron in CsO2
Authors: Nakano Takehito , Kontani Shun , Hiraishi Masatoshi , Mita Kaito , Miyajima Mizuki , Kambe Takashi
Published: July 2023

We have performed a powder neutron diffraction study on CsO2, where the unpaired electron with

s
=
1

/

2

in the

π
∗

orbital of the O

2
−

ion is responsible for the magnetism. The magnetic reflections 0

1
2

0 and 0

1
2

1 were observed below the Néel temperature of about 10 K. An antiferromagnetic structure with a propagation vector of (0,

1
2

, 0) and magnetic moments parallel to the a-axis is the most plausible. The magnitude of the ordered moment is about 0.2 µ

B
, which is considered to be strongly reduced due to the one-dimensionality of the system. We propose a possible

π
∗

orbital order that can explain the obtained magnetic structure, and discuss its relation to the one-dimensionality.
Laser absorption spectroscopy for plasma-assisted thermochemical treatment. Part II.: Impact of the carbon and water contaminants on a low-pressure N2–H2 discharge
Authors: Pipa A V , Puth A , Böcker J , Jafarpour S M , Dalke A , Biermann H , Röpcke J , van Helden J H
Published: July 2023

The density evolution of

H
C
N

,

N

H
3

,

H
2

O

and

C
O

molecules over time was monitored by laser absorption spectroscopy in a low pressure DC pulsed discharge in N2–H2 gas mixtures with addition of CH4 or O2. The discharge was maintained in an industrial-scale, active screen (AS) plasma nitrocarburizing (ASPNC) reactor with a steel AS. The measured species densities were analysed using a simplified kinetic model that includes three characteristic times for chemical processes in the ASPNC reactor. The shortest time (1–4 min) was associated with the gas residence time in the reactor, the middle one (about 20 min) was assigned to surface reactions on the AS and workload, whereas the largest one (about 3–5 h) was assigned to surface reactions on the cold reactor walls. The work highlights the importance of monitoring the gas composition during plasma nitrocarburizing processes in order to maintain defined treatment conditions and compensate for continuously changing chemical kinetics at the internal reactor surfaces.
Uniqueness on recovery of Lamé constants by the same boundary measurement
Authors: Tang Wanjing , Li Shizheng
Published: July 2023

We consider the recovery of Lamé constants and an unknown inner core in elastic system. In this paper, we use layer potential technique to represent the solution of the equation and analyze the obtained solution using transmission conditions across the boundary. Firstly, in a single-layer structure, using the same boundary measurements, we utilize the obtained solution to uniquely recover the Lamé constant. Then, in a two-layer structure, we also prove a Calderón-type identity and use this identity to uniquely recover the piecewise Lamé constant through the same boundary measurements. Finally, we prove that in a two-layer structure, the unique recovery of piecewise Lamé constant in the quasi-static regime.
Analytical estimation of lifetime of quasi-bound states in iii-v semiconductors quantum well
Authors: Nimje Rohit Ramesh , Mahajan Ashutosh
Published: July 2023

The lifetime of electrons in the Quasi Bound States in a quantum well formed by III-V semiconductors has been calculated numerically by several researchers in the past. In this work, we obtain an analytical expression for the lifetime by finding the poles of the scattering matrix in small-width approximation. Airy functions which are solutions of the Schrödinger equation for triangular potentials are expanded asymptotically for large arguments and in power series for small arguments. A scattering problem for the triangular potential well is solved with the help of mixed boundary conditions to derive the expression for the decay width that further gives the net tunneling current from the quantum well. Heterostructures of III-V materials are modeled with triangular wells whose experimental measurements are in close approximation with the theoretical calculations presented in this paper. The analytically calculated decay width in this work is also compared with the reported values by different numerical methods and found in close agreement with them.
Cosmic birefringence from neutrino and dark matter asymmetries
Authors: Zhou Ren-Peng , Huang Da , Geng Chao-Qiang
Published: July 2023

In light of the recent measurement of the nonzero Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization rotation angle from the Planck 2018 data, we explore the possibility that such a cosmic birefringence effect is induced by coupling a fermionic current with photons via a Chern-Simons-like term. We begin our discussion by rederiving the general formulae of the cosmic birefringence angle with correcting a mistake in the previous study.
We then identify the fermions in the current as the left-handed electron neutrinos and asymmetric dark matter (ADM) particles, since the rotation angle is sourced by the number density difference between particles and antiparticles. For the electron neutrino case, with the value of the degeneracy parameter ξν
e
recently measured by the EMPRESS survey, we find a large parameter space which can explain the CMB photon polarization rotations. On the other hand, for the ADM solution, we consider two benchmark cases with Mχ
= 5 GeV and 5 keV. The former is the natural value of the ADM mass if the observed ADM and baryon asymmetry in the Universe are produced by the same mechanism, while the latter provides a warm DM candidate. In addition, we explore the experimental constraints from the CMB power spectra and the DM direct detections.
Polarization-insensitive metamaterial perfect absorber in near-infrared band based on trapezoidal silver array
Authors: Wang Jincheng , Feng Hengli , Zhang Jingyu , Zhang Zuoxin , Liu Chang , Fang Dongchao , Ran Lingling , Gao Yang
Published: July 2023

In this article, we presented our proposal for a metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) operating in the near-infrared band. Our MPA comprised a trapezoidal silver layer, a substrate layer, and an intermediate alumina layer. The transmission characteristics of MPA were analyzed by the three-dimensional (3D) finite difference time domain method. The simulation results were analyzed by equivalent circuit theory. The results show that the MPA achieved 100% absorption of transverse magnetic (TM) polarization and transverse electric (TE) polarization with resonance wavelength

λ

= 1492.5 nm. By varying the length of the bottom side of the trapezoid, the MPA’s resonance wavelength could be effectively tuned, and the absorption was maintained at above 99%. With the incidence angle of 0°–55°, the absorption remains above 90% at TE polarization and above 80% at 55°–70°. The absorption at the TM polarization remains above 99% when the incident angle is 0°–70°. A wide angle of incidence and good absorption were achieved. The sensitivity (S) and figure of merit were 228 nm/refractive index unit and 1378 RIU−1, respectively. The proposed absorber with excellent absorption in the range of infrared spectra has a promising application potential in fields such as energy harvesting and infrared sensors.
Simulation of high-frequency gravitational wave detection using modulated Gaussian beam*
Authors: Wu 吴 Mingjun 鸣军 , Li 李 Jin 瑾 , Jiang 蒋 Qingquan 青权
Published: July 2023

This paper investigates the feasibility of using a Li-Baker detector based on a modulated Gaussian beam to detect gravitational waves in the GHz band. The first-order perturbation photon fluxes (PPF, signal of the detector) and the background photon fluxes (BPF, main noise of the detector), which vary with time, and the transverse distance are calculated. The results show that their propagation directions and energy densities are much different in some areas. Apart from BPF, we also consider two other important noises: diffraction noise and shot noise. In the simulation, it is found that the diffraction noise and shot noise are both lower than the signal level. Meanwhile, the main noise (BPF) can be eliminated when the receiving screen is located in certain special transverse areas where the BPF direction is opposite to that of PPF. Thus, the signal to noise ratio (SNR) obtained using our detection method can reach up to

in some transverse areas. These results are beneficial for the design of the Li-Baker detector.
Study of various ground state decay mechanisms of Actinide nuclei*
Authors: Jindal Chahat , Sharma Nitin , Sharma Manoj K.
Published: July 2023

The special property of the actinide mass region is that nuclei belonging to this group are radioactive and undergo different ground state processes, such as alpha decay, cluster radioactivity (CR), heavy particle radioactivity (HPR), and spontaneous fission (SF). In this study, the probable radioactive decay modes of the heavy mass region (Z = 89−102) are studied within the framework of the preformed cluster model (PCM). In the PCM, the radioactive decay modes are explored in terms of the preformation probability (

) and penetration probability (P) at the turning point

, where the penetration of fragments is initiated [R

= R

(touching state) +

(neck length parameter)]. First, the alpha decay half-lives are calculated for light and heavy nuclei, and

points are obtained by optimizing the neck length parameter. These

points are further employed to fix the Q-value dependent turning point (

(Q)). Then, using the (

(Q)) relation, the decay half-lives are computed, and the calculated results are compared with the available theoretical and experimental data. The isotopical trend of

and P is studied with respect to the mass number of the parent and daughter nucleus, respectively. The CR and HPR channels are also explored, and a comparison of calculated data is conducted with the available literature. Comparative analysis of the fragmentation potential and preformation probability is carried out for alpha decay and SF. The mass distribution of the nuclei is studied as a function of fragment mass (A

) by considering the spherical and hot-compact deformation of the decaying fragments. Finally, the most probable fission fragments are identified using the fragmentation structure, and the corresponding fission fragment total kinetic energy of the identified fragments is calculated and compared with available data, wherever applicable.
Prospects of CP violation in Λ decay with a polarized electron beam at the STCF*
Authors: Zeng 曾 Sheng 胜 , Xu 徐 Yue 月 , Zhou 周 Xiao-Rong 小蓉 , Qin 秦 Jia-Jia 佳佳 , Zheng 郑 Bo 波
Published: July 2023

Based on

Monte Carlo (MC) events produced from a longitudinally-polarized electron beam, the sensitivity of the

violation of Λ decay is studied using fast simulation software. In addition, the

decay can be used to optimize the detector response using the interface provided by the fast simulation software. In the future, the STCF is expected to obtain 3.4 trillion

events, and the statistical sensitivity of the

violation of Λ decay via the

process is expected to reach

when the electron beam polarization is 80%.
Experimental, numerical and analytical evaluation of

j
×
B

-thrust for fast-liquid-metal-flow divertor systems of nuclear fusion devices
Authors: Saenz F. , Fisher A.E. , Al-Salami J. , Wynne B. , Sun Z. , Tanaka T. , Kunugi T. , Yagi J. , Kusumi K. , Wu Y. , Yamazaki G. , Hu C. , Hanada K. , Kolemen E.
Published: July 2023

Divertor systems of fusion devices are exposed to intense heat loads from plasmas, which degrade solid plasma-facing components. Fast liquid metal (LM) flow divertors may be more advantageous for this purpose but have risk of piling due to intense magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) drag. However, severe deceleration of the flow could be countered with the injection of currents that are transverse to external magnetic fields, allowing to thrust the flow with

j
×
B

(Lorentz) forces. Given that the injection of currents as an approach to propel LM-divertor flows has remained experimentally understudied, this article focuses on the evaluation of

j
×
B

-thrust and finding its drawbacks.

j
×
B

-thrust was experimentally tested with free-surface-LM flows, a vertical magnetic field and an externally applied current. Experiments were reviewed with a theoretical model, showing agreement in the trends of theory and experiments. Full 3D-MHD-free-surface-flow simulations were also performed with FreeMHD and confirmed the sensitivity to unstable flow behavior in LM systems when applying external currents. Furthermore, excessive power requirements are expected for the implementation of

j
×
B

-thrust at the reactor scale, making these systems inefficient for commercial devices. This paper evidences that the simple operation of a LM-flow divertor with

j
×
B

-thrust, without any of the instabilities caused from reactor plasmas or parasitic currents, already presents intrinsic challenges.
Kinetic modelling of start-up runaway electrons in KSTAR and ITER
Authors: Lee Y. , de Vries P.C. , Aleynikov P. , Lee J. , Lee Y.-S. , Kim H.-T. , Mineev A.B. , Lee K.-D. , Bak J.-G. , Juhn J.-W. , Na Y.-S.
Published: July 2023

Understanding the formation of start-up runaway electrons (REs) is essential to ensure successful plasma initiation in ITER. The design of ITER start-up scenarios requires not only predictive simulations but also a validation of assumptions. The objective of this study is to strengthen the physical background required for predictive simulations aimed at ITER plasma start-up design, by validating the model assumptions. Through kinetic simulations, this study examines the validity of steady-state models for Dreicer generation under slowly-varying time scales relevant to plasma start-up and investigates the finite energy effect, commonly neglected, on the runaway avalanche growth rate. The research findings provide insights into situations where kinetic simulations are necessary. To secure a margin-of-control scheme without kinetic simulation, we suggest a strategy of scanning the Coulomb logarithm in fluid simulations as an alternative to predict runaway current takeover and avoid RE dominant scenarios. Ultimately, this paper seeks to offer a robust physical background, practically supporting the successful design of ITER start-up scenarios.
First experimental results of the PAM LHCD launcher at 2.45 GHz on EAST
Authors: Li M.H. , Liu L. , Wang M. , Yang Y. , Wu C.B. , Li Y.C. , Yan G.H. , Ding B.J. , Zhao L.M. , Wu Z.G. , Jia H. , Zhou W.Y. , Goniche M. , Hillairet J. , Peysson Y. , Ekedahl A. , Zang Q. , Zhang L. , Zhang X.J. , Sun Y.W. , Qian J.P. , Gong X.Z.
Published: July 2023

This paper presents the first results of a passive active multijunction (PAM) launcher at 2.45 GHz during the lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments on EAST. Good coupling performance with a power reflection coefficient (RC) ∼3% has been achieved at the plasma–antenna distance up to ∼11 cm in L-mode edge plasmas without local gas puffing near the PAM launcher. Reliable power coupling of this PAM during the edge perturbations induced by type I edge localized modes (ELMs) has been successfully demonstrated. Compared with the old full active multijunction (FAM) launcher, the new PAM can be placed ∼2 cm further away from the plasma in normal operations, which is in good agreement with the previous prediction (Li et al 2019 Fusion Eng. Des.
147 111 250), by the linear wave–plasma coupling code ALOHA (Hillairet et al 2010 Nucl. Fusion
50 125 010). The flexibility of the power spectrum by changing the phase difference between adjacent modules was validated and ray-tracing/Fokker–Planck simulations can reproduce the experimental features. The achievable power handling is as high as 25 MW m−2, although with a shot pulse length of ∼10 s. The first experiment successfully demonstrated the coupling performance of a PAM launcher at low density and this launcher construction provides helpful engineering experience for the 4.6 GHz PAM development in the near future on EAST.