bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A case report and literature review of olanzapine-associated hyperglycemia with previous history of gestational diabetes
Authors: Alastanos Jennifer N. , Suri Devika , DeLellis Hayato , Mapugay Andrea
Published: January 2022

Background

Olanzapine (Zyprexa) package labeling includes a warning for hyperglycemia, stating physicians should consider the risks and benefits when prescribing olanzapine to patients with an established diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or having borderline increased blood glucose levels. A case report of olanzapine-associated hyperglycemia in a patient with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is presented and literature review is discussed.

Case Report

A 33-year-old female with a past medical history of bipolar disorder, cocaine and amphetamine use disorder, hypertension, and GDM was initiated on olanzapine 5 mg PO daily which was subsequently titrated to 25 mg daily. On day 15 of admission, she developed signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia, with blood glucose readings >500 mg/dL. Insulin was initiated, olanzapine was discontinued, and her blood glucose began improving. She was later discharged on ziprasidone 20 mg PO twice daily.

Discussion

There have been several case reports published on olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia. This is the first case report to specifically recognize a history of GDM as a potential risk factor for developing olanzapine-associated hyperglycemia.

Conclusion

Adverse effect profiles and patient-specific risk factors should be considered when selecting appropriate antipsychotic treatment. Olanzapine may not be an ideal medication choice for a person with a history of GDM; however, if olanzapine is indicated, then close blood glucose monitoring is recommended.
Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts Preparation, Characterization and Applications for Process Development: An Environmentally Green Approach
Authors: Rahman Ateeq , Pullabhotla Rajasekhar Viswanadha Srirama
Published: January 2022

The adage of new generation of fine chemicals process is the best process applied in the absence of conventional methods. However, many methods use different reaction parameters, such as basic and acidic catalysts, for example oxidation, reduction, bromination, water splitting, cyanohydrin, ethoxylation, syngas, aldol condensation, Michael addition, asymmetric ring opening of epoxides, epoxidation, Wittig and Heck reaction, asymmetric ester epoxidation of fatty acids, combustion of methane, NOx reduction, biodiesel synthesis, propylene oxide polymerization. Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) have received considerable attention due their potential applications in flame retardant and has excellent medicinal property for reducing acidity. These catalysts are characterized using analytical techniques, such as: X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric-Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG-DTA), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscopes (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, N2 Adsorption-desorption, Temperature programmed reduction (TPR), X-ray photoelectrons spectroscopy (XPS), which gives its overall picture of its structure, porosity, morphology, thermal stability, reusability, and activity of catalysts. LDHs catalysts have proven to be economic and environmentally friendly. The above discussed applications make these catalysts unique from Green Chemistry point of view since they are reusable, and eco-friendly catalysts. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Hemoglobin–Laccase Modifications of Ligninsulfonate: A Promising Synergistic Stratagem for Lignin Biodegradation
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Chen Xu , Shi Ting , Zhao Yi‐Lei
Published: January 2022

Multicomponent systems, such as laccase cooperating with other proteins in ligninase, are able to modify the chemical structure of lignin efficiently and opens the door to potential applications. Here, an in‐depth investigation of hemoglobin‐assisted laccase oxidation of soluble lignosulfonate is carried out, using a combination of UV–visible spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography, Raman spectroscopy, 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Intriguingly, hemoglobin enhances the exothermically oxidative process of the laccase reaction. Product characterizations suggest that hemoglobin may preferentially reduce the ratio of guaiacyl/syringyl subunits and promote phenylcoumaran formation simultaneously. The complicated interactions among hemoglobin, laccase, and lignin make a multiple‐component reaction, suggesting that Fe‐containing macromolecules have the capacity to mediate laccase based chemical modifications of lignin.
Implementation of surface electromyography controlled prosthetics limb based on recurrent neural network
Authors: Bittibssi Tarek M. , Zekry Abdelhalim , Genedy Mohamed A. , Maged Shady A.
Published: January 2022

Low‐cost traditional prosthetic legs, available worldwide, can make walking and stair climbing possible but still difficult. This article presents the hardware implementation of the surface electromyography (sEMG) powered prosthesis actuation (PPA) system using a learned neural network algorithm based on recurrent neural network (RNN), which is used to train sEMG benchmark databases, and predict joint angle. This implementation was created based on sEMG signal measurements. The data were collected from three benchmark datasets describing different subjects during performance, and analyzing various gait patterns were used to construct the neural network and reduce significant model errors in a real‐time setting. Processing circuits, interfacing the output with the controller board, signal amplification, motor driving circuits, and single‐board computer programming are included in the implementation.
Optimization and hardware implementation of noise reduction algorithm for low‐power audio chip
Authors: Wang Ang , Yu Lina , Lan Yuyan , Zhou Weixin , Xiao Wan'ang
Published: January 2022

In order to improve the voice quality and decrease the power consumption of the audio electronic products, the noise reduction algorithm and its low‐power hardware implementation are studied. Several types of common noise reduction algorithms are analyzed and simulated, and the log‐minimum mean square error algorithm with statistical‐model‐based voice activity detection noise estimator is selected, which can achieve best signal‐to‐noise ratio improvement of 5.56 dB. The ability of the algorithm to track nonstationary noise is analyzed, and the failure of noise reduction caused by an extreme situation is prevented, and the amount of calculation is reduced by multiplex at the algorithm level. In hardware implementation, look‐up tables are used to implement special operations. High‐significant‐bits search is used to simplify the look‐up table to reduce power consumption, and the speed of the search circuit is optimized by parallel design. The exponential integral and exponential operation are combined as one operation with lower precision requirements, leading to lower power consumption. The design presented in this article passed FPGA verification and taped out with a digital hearing aids chip on SMIC 0.13 μm process. The area and the power consumption of the noise reduction module is 0.206 mm2 and 15.3 μW, respectively, which makes the design suitable for low‐power audio chip applications.
Electrochemically Mediated Direct CO2 Capture by a Stackable Bipolar Cell
Authors: Hemmatifar Ali , Kang Jin Soo , Ozbek Nil , Tan Kai‐Jher , Hatton T. Alan
Published: January 2022

The unprecedented increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration calls for effective carbon capture technologies. With distributed sources contributing to about half of the overall emission, CO2 capture from the atmosphere [direct air capture, (DAC)] is more relevant than ever. Herein, an electrochemically mediated DAC system is reported which utilizes affinity of redox‐active quinone moieties towards CO2 molecules, and unlike incumbent chemisorption technologies which require temperature or pH swing, relies solely on the electrochemical voltage for CO2 capture and release. The design and operation of a DAC system is demonstrated with stackable bipolar cells using quinone chemistry. Specifically, poly(vinylanthraquinone) (PVAQ) negative electrode undergoes a two‐electron reduction reaction and reversibly complexes with CO2, leading to CO2 sequestration from the feed stream. The subsequent PVAQ oxidation, conversely, results in release of CO2. The performance of both small‐ and meso‐scale cells for DAC are evaluated with feed CO2 concentrations as low as 400 ppm (0.04 %), and energy consumption is demonstrated as low as 113 kJ per mole of CO2 captured. Notably, the bipolar cell construct is modular and expandable, equally suitable for small and large plants. Moving forward, this work presents a viable and highly customizable electrochemical method for DAC.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity of boreal peat and its relationships with peat properties and sampling depth
Authors: Paat Raul , Kohv Marko , Jõeleht Argo
Published: January 2022

The boreal region is a significant peat‐forming area. With peat, there lie other natural resources, including mineral ores and fossil fuels needed by our economy. However, mining for mineral resources or any other activity that leads to large‐scale groundwater extraction in the near vicinity or underneath the mires can alter the water levels in the overlaying ecosystems and thus have a damaging effect on them, raising concerns about the mires' preservation. Peat itself may isolate surface vegetation from drainage caused by nearby mining when its hydraulic conductivity is sufficiently low. More is known about the hydraulic properties of the uppermost layers of the peat column, but there is very little data about deeper, generally more decomposed peat layers that may potentially act as drainage barriers. Carrying out in situ hydraulic conductivity tests in less conductive peat can be laborious and time‐consuming, and not always practical. This research aims to study and verify statistical relationships between easy‐to‐measure peat properties and hydraulic conductivity over the entire peat column, covering the knowledge deficit that is important in the context of indirect drainage effects related to mining or any other large‐scale groundwater extraction. For that, we sampled peat and conducted in situ saturated hydraulic conductivity tests in several mires in northeast Estonia to gather information about the hydraulic properties of boreal peat. Collected data were fitted with linear mixed‐effects models to link hydraulic conductivity with the degree of decomposition, dry bulk density, depth of measurement, and peatland growth phase. The results indicate that these parameters are strongly correlated with saturated hydraulic conductivity and can serve as predictors of this parameter. Constructed statistical models exhibit relatively high explanatory power and show potential usage for characterizing the hydraulic conductivity of peat. The findings of this study may be helpful in the efforts of mire conservation.
Hydrolysis of dimethyl terephthalate to terephthalic acid on Nb‐modified HZSM‐5 zeolite catalysts
Authors: Guo Bao , Liu Jidong , Tang Shixiong , Liu Yida , Tian Zenan , Lv Jianhua
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND

Whether waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be effectively recycled is one of the main challenges of the current environmental problems. The hydrolysis of dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) to terephthalic acid (TPA) over Nb‐modified HZSM‐5 zeolite was studied. Nb/HZSM‐5 zeolites with different loadings were prepared and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, NH3‐temperature programmed desorption and pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy. The effects of different reaction conditions on the conversion of DMT and TPA yield were investigated.

RESULTS

The yield of TPA strongly depends on the reaction conditions and the loading of Nb. The niobium phase exists in the form of Nb2O5 on the zeolite and interacts with the surface of HZSM‐5 to produce the active site of Brønsted acid. The yield of TPA is closely related to the concentration of Brønsted acid sites. On 0.6Nb/HZSM‐5 catalyst, the yield of TPA is highest, at about 94%.

CONCLUSION

Nb/HZSM‐5 catalyst has excellent catalytic activity and high stability for DMT hydrolysis. In addition, the product TPA prepared in this study can be directly applied to the current PET production supply chain, providing a promising catalytic route. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Compassion practice as an antidote for compassion fatigue in the era of COVID‐19
Authors: Bentley Paige G.
Published: January 2022

Empathy is a critical factor in counseling, yet the process of empathizing with suffering can have a detrimental impact on counselor well‐being. In the wake of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the need for strategies to ameliorate this potential negative impact is even more apparent. This article explores compassion practices to meet that need.
Scholarly journal publishing in Australia
Authors: Jamali Hamid R. , Wakeling Simon , Abbasi Alireza
Published: January 2022

This article describes the nature and extent of scholarly journal publishing in Australia. Australian journals are defined as journals that belong to or are affiliated with an Australian entity. There are currently 651 active Australian journals. The oldest started in the 19th century, and the 1990s was the top decade in terms of starting new journals. Australian journals mostly belong to or are affiliated with non‐profit organizations (e.g., learned societies) (364, 55.9%), or educational institutions (168, 25.8%). While most of the journals (426, 65.4%) are published by their owners (self‐publish), the publication of 162 journals has been outsourced to international commercial publishers, with most of these linked to non‐profit organizations. About 39.8% of Australian journals are open access and most of them do not charge author‐processing charges. Half of the Australian journals (326) are indexed in Scopus and slightly less than half (301) are included in Web of Science (WoS). Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences are well represented in the disciplinary focus of journals, although journals indexed in Scopus and WoS are more likely to be in health, life and physical science disciplines.
Efficacy of dual sublingual immunotherapy with Japanese cedar pollen and house dust mite allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis sensitized to multiple allergens
Authors: Fujii Tatsuya , Kitamura Yoshiaki , Kamimura Seiichiro , Ishitani Keisuke , Takeda Noriaki
Published: January 2022

Objective

In the present study, we examined the effects of dual sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) with Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) and house dust mite (HDM) allergens on nasal symptoms during the peak pollen period (PPP) and in late fall (LF) in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) sensitized to both JCP and HDM. We then compared the efficacy of dual‐SLIT with JCP and HDM to that of mono‐SLIT with JCP at PPP.

Methods

Twenty‐five bisensitized patients with AR who showed positive serum specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) against both JCP and HDM were enrolled. In dual‐SLIT, 16 patients received JCP drops/tablets and HDM tablets concurrently. In mono‐SLIT with JCP, nine patients received JCP drops/tablets. Nasal symptoms were scored on a 0–4 point scale.

Results

The nasal scores at PPP and in LF in the bisensitized patients with AR who received dual‐SLIT with JCP and HDM in 2019 were significantly lower than those in the same patients who received antihistamines only in 2018. The decrease in scores of nasal obstruction at PPP from 2018 to 2019 in patients who received dual‐SLIT was significantly greater than those in patients who received mono‐SLIT with JCP. Dual‐SLIT was well tolerated and only had mild adverse effects.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that dual‐SLIT suppressed both JCP‐induced seasonal and HDM‐induced perennial nasal symptoms in bisensitized patients with AR. Dual‐SLIT was more effective in suppressing nasal obstruction at PPP than mono‐SLIT with JCP with limitation of baseline characteristics not to be controlled between the two groups, suggesting that dual‐SLIT suppressed HDM‐induced priming effects, thus resulting in further suppression of nasal obstruction at PPP.

Level of Evidence

3b, a case‐controlled study
Deferred prosecution in Jacksonville is reaching acutely ill population
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2022

A Jacksonville, Florida, human services organization that is also a federally qualified health center is preparing to double the capacity of a program launched to reduce jail recidivism among nonviolent offenders with mental health needs. Leaders at the Sulzbacher Center found somewhat surprisingly during the initiative's nine‐month pilot phase that nearly all program participants lacked permanent housing.
Competition is on the rise: To what extent does traditional fundraising performance research apply in competitive environments?
Authors: Walk Marlene , Curley Cali , Levine Daniel Jamie
Published: January 2022

Research on fundraising performance links organizational size, professional donor engagement, and legitimacy with fundraising outcomes. But can we assume the same factors will positively impact fundraising performance in light of increasing competition among nonprofits? This study explores whether and how traditional factors known to impact fundraising performance perform in the context of online fundraising tournaments: an environment that is explicitly competitive as those who lose drop out. Our analysis draws on data from 596 US nonprofits that participated in such tournaments. This inquiry addresses increasing competitive pressures placed on nonprofits as they likely cannot avoid competition in the future.
Did court dismiss student's Title VI claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2022

A mixed‐race Muslim female attended Benedictine University and resided in a university‐owned apartment   with a roommate of a different race and national origin. In late November 2018, the student told a Benedictine administrator the roommate had threatened her and trashed their apartment.
An empirical evaluation of deep learning‐based source code vulnerability detection: Representation versus models
Authors: Semasaba Abubakar Omari Abdallah , Zheng Wei , Wu Xiaoxue , Agyemang Samuel Akwasi , Liu Tao , Ge Yuan
Published: January 2022

Vulnerabilities in the source code of the software are critical issues in the realm of software engineering. Coping with vulnerabilities in software source code is becoming more challenging due to several aspects such as complexity and volume. Deep learning has gained popularity throughout the years as a means of addressing such issues. This paper proposes an evaluation of vulnerability detection performance on source code representations and evaluates how machine learning (ML) strategies can improve them. The structure of our experiment consists of three deep neural networks (DNNs) in conjunction with five different source code representations: abstract syntax trees (ASTs), code gadgets (CGs), semantics‐based vulnerability candidates (SeVCs), lexed code representations (LCRs), and composite code representations (CCRs). Experimental results show that employing different ML strategies in conjunction with the base model structure influences the performance results to a varying degree. However, ML‐based techniques suffer from poor performance on class imbalance handling and dimensionality reduction when used in conjunction with source code representations.
A Review of Machine Learning Algorithms for Text Classification
Authors: Li Ruiguang , Liu Ming , Xu Dawei , Gao Jiaqi , Wu Fudong , Zhu Liehuang
Published: January 2022

Text classification is a basic task in the field of natural language processing, and it is a basic technology for information retrieval, questioning and answering system, emotion analysis and other advanced tasks. It is one of the earliest application of machine learning algorithm, and has achieved good results. In this paper, we made a review of the traditional and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms for text classification, such as Naive Bayes, Supporting Vector Machine, Decision Tree, K Nearest Neighbor, Random Forest and neural networks. Then, we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of machine learning algorithms in depth. Finally, we made a summary that neural networks and deep learning will become the main research topic in the future.
Analysis of Address Linkability in Tornado Cash on Ethereum
Authors: Tang Yujia , Xu Chang , Zhang Can , Wu Yan , Zhu Liehuang
Published: January 2022

Tornado Cash, the most popular non-custodial coin mixer on Ethereum, is widely used to protect the privacy of addresses. However, some inappropriate transaction behaviors in Tornado Cash mixing mechanism lead to the risk of privacy leakage. More specifically, the malicious attackers can link multiple addresses of the same users according to the transaction data. Motivated by the above problem, this paper systematically analyzes the privacy issues of Tornado Cash for the first time. In this paper, we give the macroscopic analysis of Tornado Cash based on the on-chain data and formalize two types of transaction patterns. Focus on the presented transaction patterns, we propose three heuristic clustering rules to link the users’ addresses, which reduce the size of users’ anonymity set. Finally, we perform the experiment on real Tornado Cash transaction data to describe the effectiveness of the proposed clustering rules.
FPFlow: Detect and Prevent Browser Fingerprinting with Dynamic Taint Analysis
Authors: Li Tianyi , Zheng Xiaofeng , Shen Kaiwen , Han Xinhui
Published: January 2022

Browser fingerprinting is a practical user tracking technology widely adopted by many real-world websites to potentially track users’ browsing behaviors. By collecting information such as screen resolution, user agent, and WebGL rendered data, the tracker can generate a unique identifier for users without their knowledge, leading to a severe violation of user privacy. Therefore, an effective detection and defense technology for browser fingerprinting is needed to protect user privacy. In this paper, we proposed FPFlow, a dynamic JavaScript taint analysis framework to detect and prevent browser fingerprinting. FPFlow monitors the whole process of browser fingerprinting, including collecting information, generating fingerprinting, and sending it to the remote server. We evaluated FPFlow on TRANCO top 10,000 websites. Our experiments showed that our framework could effectively detect browser fingerprints. We found 66.6% of the websites performing fingerprinting and revealed how browser fingerprinting is applied in real-world websites. We also showed that FPFlow could prevent browser fingerprinting with an acceptable overhead.
Research and Application of Security Situation Awareness Platform for Large Enterprises
Authors: Wang Zhanyu
Published: January 2022

This paper analyzes the international and domestic security situation and major security threats, including those faced by large enterprises. In order to improve the security management level of large enterprises, the construction of safety management system which takes the safety situation awareness platform as the command core is puts forward. The technical framework, evolution route, main functions, core technologies and three-stage models of detection, perception and prediction, closed-loop rectification, and threat information sharing are discussed. At the same time, the author analyzes the organization mechanism, the research and development guarantee, the sustainable application, the introduction of ecology and so on, and puts forward the solution.
CP asymmetry in the angular distributions of τ → KSπντ decays. Part II. General effective field theory analysis
Authors: Chen Feng-Zhi , Li Xin-Qiang , Peng Shi-Can , Yang Ya-Dong , Zhang Hong-Hao
Published: January 2022

Abstract

In this work, we proceed to study the CP asymmetry in the angular distributions of τ → KSπντ decays within a general effective field theory framework including four-fermion operators up to dimension-six. It is found that, besides the commonly considered scalar-vector interference, the tensor-scalar interference can also produce a non-zero CP asymmetry in the angular distributions, in the presence of complex couplings. Using the dispersive representations of the Kπ form factors as inputs, and taking into account the detector efficiencies of the Belle measurement, we firstly update our previous SM predictions for the CP asymmetries in the same four Kπ invariant-mass bins as set by the Belle collaboration. Bounds on the effective couplings of the non-standard scalar and tensor interactions are then obtained under the combined constraints from the CP asymmetries measured in the four bins and the branching ratio of τ−→ KSπ−ντ decay, with the numerical results given respectively by $$ \operatorname{Im}\left[{\hat{\upepsilon}}_S\right] $$
Im

ϵ
̂

S

= −0.008 ± 0.027 and $$ \operatorname{Im}\left[{\hat{\upepsilon}}_T\right] $$
Im

ϵ
̂

T

= 0.03 ± 0.12, at the renormalization scale μτ = 2 GeV in the $$ \overline{\mathrm{MS}} $$

MS
¯

scheme. Using the best-fit values, we also find that the distributions of the CP asymmetries can deviate significantly from the SM expectation in almost the whole Kπ invariant-mass region. Nevertheless, the current bounds on $$ \operatorname{Im}\left[{\hat{\upepsilon}}_S\right] $$
Im

ϵ
̂

S

and $$ \operatorname{Im}\left[{\hat{\upepsilon}}_T\right] $$
Im

ϵ
̂

T

are still plagued by large experimental uncertainties, but will be improved with more precise measurements from the Belle II experiment as well as the proposed Tera-Z and STCF facilities. Assuming further that the non-standard scalar and tensor interactions originate from a weakly-coupled heavy new physics well above the electroweak scale, the SU(2)L invariance of the resulting SMEFT Lagrangian would indicate that very strong limits on $$ \operatorname{Im}\left[{\hat{\upepsilon}}_S\right] $$
Im

ϵ
̂

S

and $$ \operatorname{Im}\left[{\hat{\upepsilon}}_T\right] $$
Im

ϵ
̂

T

could also be obtained from the neutron electric dipole moment and the $$ {D}^0-{\overline{D}}^0 $$

D
0

−

D
¯

0

mixing. With the bounds from these processes taken into account, it is then found that, unless there exist extraordinary cancellations between the new physics contributions, neither the scalar nor the tensor interaction can produce any significant effects on the CP asymmetries (relative to the SM predictions) in the processes considered, especially under the “single coefficient dominance” assumption.
Women’s Economic Contribution, Relationship Status and Risky Sexual Behaviours: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from a Microfinance-Plus Programme in Rural South Africa
Authors: Tolmay Janke , Knight Louise , Muvhango Lufuno , Polzer-Ngwato Tara , Stöckl Heidi , Ranganathan Meghna
Published: January 2022

In sub-Saharan Africa, women bear a disproportionate burden of HIV/AIDS while also facing economic and gender inequalities. To explore the association of women’s economic contribution and relationship status with risky sexual behaviour, this study analysed cross-sectional data from 626 women aged 22 to 84 in rural South Africa. All women were enrolled in a microfinance plus gender training programme (Intervention with Microfinance for AIDS and Gender Equity (IMAGE)). We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to explore the associations of relationship status and women’s household income contribution with inconsistent condom use, multiple sexual partners and transactional sex, respectively. We found that married, older women had the highest odds of inconsistent condom use, while those contributing all the household income had higher odds of multiple sexual partnerships, but lower odds of transactional sex compared to those with no contribution. Income contribution and relationship status have a nuanced relationship with sexual risk behaviours. Thus, economic strengthening interventions should target relevant vulnerable women while also addressing the broader social and economic drivers of risky sexual behaviour.
Transparency in Supply Chains (TISC): Assessing and Improving the Quality of Modern Slavery Statements
Authors: Pinnington Bruce , Benstead Amy , Meehan Joanne
Published: January 2022

Transparency lies at the heart of most modern slavery reporting legislation, but while publication of statements is mandatory, conformance with content guidance is voluntary, such that overall, corporate responses have been poor. Existing studies, concentrated in business to consumer rather than inter-organisational contexts, have not undertaken the fine-grained assessments of statements needed to identify which aspects of reporting performance are particularly poor and the underlying reasons that need to be addressed by policy makers. In a novel design, this study utilises the ethical trade initiative assessment framework to evaluate the content of 95 UK government suppliers’ modern slavery statements. The findings suggest that in a modern slavery context, discovery challenges are more important than firms’ attitudes to disclosure. We contribute to the transparency literature through a model contrasting discovery costs and disclosure risks and by identifying the disclosure of unknowns as an additional relevant dimension of disclosure. We then discuss the model in relation to normativity theory to consider options through which the currently low legitimacy of the reporting governance regime can be enhanced and the intended norms established.
Smoke testing for machine learning: simple tests to discover severe bugs
Authors: Herbold Steffen , Haar Tobias
Published: January 2022

Machine learning is nowadays a standard technique for data analysis within software applications. Software engineers need quality assurance techniques that are suitable for these new kinds of systems. Within this article, we discuss the question whether standard software testing techniques that have been part of textbooks since decades are also useful for the testing of machine learning software. Concretely, we try to determine generic and simple smoke tests that can be used to assert that basic functions can be executed without crashing. We found that we can derive such tests using techniques similar to equivalence classes and boundary value analysis. Moreover, we found that these concepts can also be applied to hyperparameters, to further improve the quality of the smoke tests. Even though our approach is almost trivial, we were able to find bugs in all three machine learning libraries that we tested and severe bugs in two of the three libraries. This demonstrates that common software testing techniques are still valid in the age of machine learning and that considerations how they can be adapted to this new context can help to find and prevent severe bugs, evenin mature machine learning libraries.
Suitable site selection for transfer stations in a solid waste management system using analytical hierarchy process as a multi-criteria decision analysis: a case study in Azuay-Ecuador
Authors: Cobos-Mora Sandra L. , Guamán-Aucapiña José , Zúñiga-Ruiz Jonathan
Published: January 2022

To guarantee a dignified life in low-incoming countries where socio-environmental negative implications derived from the municipal solid waste (MSW) by its excessive generation, lack of governance, and financial resources, sustainable and integrated solutions are required. From this perspective, well-located transfer stations (TSs) are conceived as an alternative to improve MSW management quality in municipalities that generate little MSW and have long transportation distances. Consequently, this research aims to find optimum areas to locate TSs in the province of Azuay-Ecuador as a commonwealth proposal. It applies a multi-criteria decision analysis based on geographic information systems with the analytical hierarchical process technique: a heuristic and scalable method that simultaneously evaluates subjective and non-monetized inputs. The authors faced it from a holistic perspective in a three-level hierarchical structure; starting from categories: technical, environmental, economic, and social; then criteria: rivers, protected areas, populated areas, land use, educational centers, health centers, tourist sites, basic services, roads, gravity centers, geology, power grid, and slopes; and finally, sub-criteria defined by criteria´s measurable attributes. This research provides local decision-makers with middle-scale tools and a first diagnosis to focus later efforts in local studios over potential sites. The results showed that 79.12% of the study area was restrictive to place a TS. The remaining territory suitability index values between 13 and 89% were found, with possible TSs at Paute, Sigsig, and Nabón to serve nine from fifteen cantons.
Geometric Dirac operator on the fuzzy sphere
Authors: Lira-Torres Evelyn , Majid Shahn
Published: January 2022

We construct a Connes spectral triple or ‘Dirac operator’ on the non-reduced fuzzy sphere$$\mathbb {C}_\lambda [S^2]$$Cλ[S2]as realised using quantum Riemannian geometry with a central quantum metricgof Euclidean signature and its associated quantum Levi-Civita connection. The Dirac operator is characterised uniquely up to unitary equivalence within our quantum Riemannian geometric setting and an assumption that the spinor bundle is trivial and rank 2 with a central basis. The spectral triple has KO dimension 3 and in the case of the round metric, essentially, recovers a previous proposal motivated by rotational symmetry.
Red neurons in ovine polioencephalomalacia (cerebrocortical necrosis) are strongly amyloid precursor protein immunopositive
Authors: Finnie John W. , Jerrett Ian V. , Manavis Jim
Published: January 2022

The signature pathological feature of the pseudolaminar cerebrocortical necrosis found in polioencephalomalacia (PEM) of ruminants is the development of red (eosinophilic) neurons. These neurons are generally considered to be irredeemably injured but we have shown, for the first time, in ovine PEM cases, that most strongly express amyloid precursor protein (APP), which has a neuroprotective role in the brain. By contrast, neurons in unaffected cerebral cortices from control sheep were APP immunonegative. This finding suggests that, rather than being inevitably destined to die, some of these APP immunoreactive cortical neurons may survive and regain structural and functional integrity.
Chronodisruption and Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring in Cancer Patients: Beyond the Body Clock
Authors: Almaida-Pagan Pedro F. , Torrente María , Campos Manuel , Provencio Mariano , Madrid Juan Antonio , Franco Fabio , Morilla Beatriz Rodríguez , Cantos Blanca , Sousa Pedro A. , Madrid María José Martínez , Pimentao Joao , Rol María Ángeles
Published: January 2022

Purpose of Review

Circadian rhythms impose daily rhythms a remarkable variety of metabolic and physiological functions, such as cell proliferation, inflammation, and DNA damage response. Accumulating epidemiological and genetic evidence indicates that circadian rhythms’ disruption may be linked to cancer. The integration of circadian biology into cancer research may offer new options for increasing cancer treatment effectiveness and would encompass the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease.

Recent Findings

In recent years, there has been a significant development and use of multi-modal sensors to monitor physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythms, allowing, for the very first time, scaling accurate sleep monitoring to epidemiological research linking sleep patterns to disease, and wellness applications providing new potential applications.

This review highlights the role of circadian clock in tumorigenesis, cancer hallmarks and introduces the state-of-the-art in sleep-monitoring technologies, discussing the eventual application of insights in clinical settings and cancer research.
Gastrointestinal Interoception in Eating Disorders: Charting a New Path
Authors: Khalsa Sahib S. , Berner Laura A. , Anderson Lisa M.
Published: January 2022

Purpose of Review

Abnormal interoception has been consistently observed across eating disorders despite limited inclusion in diagnostic conceptualization. Using the alimentary tract as well as recent developments in interoceptive neuroscience and predictive processing as a guide, the current review summarizes evidence of gastrointestinal interoceptive dysfunction in eating disorders.

Recent Findings

Eating is a complex process that begins well before and ends well after food consumption. Abnormal prediction and prediction-error signals may occur at any stage, resulting in aberrant gastrointestinal interoception and dysregulated gut sensations in eating disorders. Several interoceptive technologies have recently become available that can be paired with computational modeling and clinical interventions to yield new insights into eating disorder pathophysiology.

Illuminating the neurobiology of gastrointestinal interoception in eating disorders requires a new generation of studies combining experimental probes of gut physiology with computational modeling. The application of such techniques within clinical trials frameworks may yield new tools and treatments with transdiagnostic relevance.
Droogleggen of doormodderen?
Authors: Lelieveldt Herman
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Het veldexperiment met de gezonde snack dat centraal staat in het artikel ‘Snacks and the City’ elders in dit nummer dwingt ons kritisch te kijken naar de aannamen die wetenschappers maken wanneer ze individueel keuzegedrag proberen te sturen. Dit experiment laat zien dat het nog niet zo eenvoudig is om mensen via nudging – het makkelijker maken van de betere keuze, zonder slechtere keuzen uit te sluiten – tot gezonder verdrag te verleiden. Dat maakt het onvermijdelijk om naar een veel breder scala van interventies te kijken (belastingen, ruimtelijkeordeningsregels), waarbij we ons steeds weer moeten afvragen hoe ver we willen gaan in het sturen van keuzen die wellicht ook vanzelf beter worden als gevolg van langzame culturele veranderingen.
Specialistische ondersteuning in de basiszorg voor jeugd
Authors: Raaijmakers Fieke , Klein Velderman Mariska
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Sinds de inwerkingtreding van de nieuwe Jeugdwet (2015) zijn verschillende lokale initiatieven ontstaan voor het realiseren van de transformatiedoelstellingen rond passende hulp. In de gemeenten Nijmegen en Renkum werden hiertoe een Specialistisch Ondersteuner Jeugdgezondheidszorg en een Gedragswetenschapper Jeugd ingezet. Deze initiatieven zijn opgestart om de signalering en verwijzing van psychosociale en gezinsproblematiek in de basiszorgvoorzieningen te verbeteren. Dit artikel beschrijft de resultaten van een evaluatieonderzoek dat in 2019 is afgerond.
Verschillen in zorggebruik onder zelfstandig wonende 55-plussers van verschillende herkomst
Authors: den Draak Maaike , Verbeek-Oudijk Debbie
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

De groep senioren met een niet-westerse migratieachtergrond zal de komende jaren zowel in absoluut aantal als in relatief aandeel toenemen. Onderzocht is of zelfstandig wonende 55-plussers met een niet-westerse achtergrond (Turks, Marokkaans, Surinaams of Antilliaans) in hun gebruik van langdurige zorg (thuiszorg en informele hulp) verschillen van 55-plussers met een Nederlandse herkomst. De gegevens die zijn verzameld betreffen de periode van februari 2014 tot half juli 2015, dus rondom de stelselwijziging van 1 januari 2015. Wanneer rekening wordt gehouden met samenstellingseffecten, dan ontvangen senioren met een migratieachtergrond even vaak zorg als autochtone Nederlandse. Herkomst blijkt echter wel samen te hangen met de bron van de hulp wanneer senioren hulp ontvangen. Zowel Turkse, Marokkaanse als Antilliaanse 55-plussers ontvangen vaker (enkel) informele hulp dan autochtone 55-plussers. Het lijkt erop dat zij de weg naar professionele thuiszorg niet in gelijke mate weten te vinden als 55-plussers met een Nederlandse achtergrond. Zorgaanbieders en gemeenten moeten actief stappen ondernemen om de toegankelijkheid van de zorg voor deze groepen te verbeteren. Daarbij is het belangrijk om te weten dat senioren met een migratieachtergrond vaak al op jongere leeftijd met fysieke beperkingen en een slechtere gezondheid te maken krijgen en daardoor mogelijk eerder in aanmerking moeten komen voor professionele ouderenzorg.
Negen kernelementen die volgens betrokken professionals bijdragen aan het succes van Zwolle Gezonde Stad
Authors: Wilderink Lisa , Bakker Ingrid , Schuit Albertine J. , Seidell Jacob C. , Renders Carry M.
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

De aanpak Zwolle Gezonde Stad heeft succesvol gezondheidsverschillen teruggedrongen. Het doel van dit onderzoek is om te achterhalen wat volgens verschillende betrokken professionals de kernelementen van Zwolle Gezonde Stad zijn. Daartoe is een kwalitatief onderzoek uitgevoerd. Semigestructureerde interviews zijn gehouden met 29 professionals van betrokken organisaties. Na analyse van de interviews is met zeven respondenten een toetsend focusgroepgesprek gehouden. Negen kernelementen van de aanpak van Zwolle Gezonde Stad zijn geïdentificeerd: 1) samenwerken met een gevarieerde groep lokale organisaties, 2) draagvlak voor de aanpak op strategisch, tactisch en operationeel niveau, 3) communicatie en coördinatie, 4) samenwerking met private organisaties, 5) samenwerking met bewoners, 6) profileren van de aanpak, 7) meebewegen met en gebruikmaken van mogelijkheden en kansen, 8) borging van de aanpak in beleid en de processen, en 9) doorlopend monitoren van proces en effect. Deze negen kernelementen hebben volgens de betrokken professionals bijgedragen aan het succes van Zwolle Gezonde Stad. Deze inzichten zijn belangrijk voor de doorontwikkeling van de aanpak Zwolle Gezonde Stad en kunnen andere lokale integrale benaderingen inspireren.
Een verkenning van de impact van buurtsportcoaches en hun structurele inbedding op de samenwerking tussen de eerstelijnszorg en sport- en beweegsector
Authors: Leenaars Karlijn , Smit Eva , Molleman Gerard , Koelen Maria , Wagemakers Annemarie
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

In 2012 werd in Nederland de buurtsportcoach geïntroduceerd. Sommige buurtsportcoaches hebben als doel de eerstelijnszorg en sport- en beweegsector met elkaar te verbinden en patiënten uit de eerstelijnszorg te verwijzen naar het lokale sport- en beweegaanbod. Dit onderzoek brengt in kaart op welke wijze de buurtsportcoach deze samenwerking realiseert en wat de impact is van de structurele inbedding van de buurtsportcoach op deze samenwerking. In drie interviewronden werden dertien buurtsportcoaches gedurende twee jaar in hun werkzaamheden gevolgd. Het netwerk van de buurtsportcoaches werd in kaart gebracht en uitgesplitst naar de wijze waarop ze structureel werden ingebed: in de sport- en beweegsector (type A), verschillende sectoren (type B) of een samenwerkingsverband (type C). Alle buurtsportcoaches realiseerden een samenwerking tussen beide sectoren. Type A‑buurtsportcoaches organiseerden de samenwerking rond eigen activiteiten waarin ze vaak samenwerkten met eerstelijnszorgprofessionals en sportorganisaties ondersteunden door bewoners naar hun activiteiten te begeleiden. Type B en C werkten gemiddeld met meer diverse organisaties samen, waardoor zij de samenwerking rond meer verschillende soorten activiteiten gericht op uiteenlopende doelgroepen realiseerden, waaronder de doorverwijzing van patiënten vanuit de eerstelijnszorg naar het sport- en beweegaanbod. Een structurele inbedding van de buurtsportcoach op integrale wijze (type B en C) lijkt het meest kansrijk voor het bereiken van de gewenste uitkomsten.
De buurtsportcoach: sport, bewegen en gezondheid verbonden
Authors: van Stam Wikke , Pulles Ine
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Sinds 2008 kunnen gemeenten met cofinanciering van het Rijk buurtsportcoaches inzetten om inwoners te motiveren om aan sport- en beweegactiviteiten deel te nemen. Deze snel groeiende beroepsgroep brengt lokale verbindingen tussen verschillende sectoren tot stand en versterkt sportaanbieders. Daarbij is sprake van een sterke verbinding met het gezondheids- en preventiebeleid, en leveren de buurtsportcoaches een belangrijke bijdrage aan de uitvoering van het Nationaal Sportakkoord en het Nationaal Preventieakkoord. Bijna alle gemeenten doen mee (99 % in 2021) en er zijn inmiddels gezamenlijk bijna 3.500 fte (6.000 personen) gerealiseerd (peildatum 1 september 2020). Lokale verschillen in de doelen en uitvoering van de werkzaamheden zijn groot, maar de buurtsportcoaches hebben gemeen dat ze zich enthousiast en daadkrachtig inzetten om maximaal resultaat te bereiken.
Overheidsmaatregelen om overgewicht tegen te gaan
Authors: Dieteren Charlotte M. , Brouwer Werner B. F. , Bonfrer Igna
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Het stimuleren van gezond gedrag staat hoog op de politieke agenda. Overheidsmaatregelen op het gebied van gezonde voeding staan echter nog in de kinderschoenen. Onlangs pleitte de Raad voor Volksgezondheid en Samenleving dan ook voor meer overheidsmaatregelen om ongezond eetgedrag tegen te gaan. Het ontwerpen van zulke maatregelen op een zowel acceptabele als effectieve wijze is complex. We legden zevenhonderd Nederlanders vijf stellingen voor met betrekking tot overheidsingrijpen op het gebied van gezonde voeding. We vroegen hen welk effect ze voor zichzelf en voor anderen verwachten van de maatregelen die zijn gesuggereerd in het zogenaamde Nationaal Preventieakkoord en eveneens zijn aangehaald door de Raad voor Volksgezondheid en Samenleving.
Open paediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction: a five-year experience at a tertiary referral centre
Authors: ElSobki A , El-Kholy N
Published: January 2022

Objective

Laryngotracheal reconstruction with costal cartilage graft is a cornerstone procedure in treatment of multiple paediatric airway pathologies. The current study aimed to report on the experience of laryngotracheal reconstruction and document post-operative outcomes and complications.

Method

Records of laryngotracheal reconstruction procedures performed between 2016 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Primary indication, clinical data, decannulation rate, voice assessment, need for revision surgery and possible complications were analysed.

Results

A total of 41 patients were treated with laryngotracheal reconstruction. Subglottic stenosis formed the largest percentage of cases followed by congenital glottic web (20 and 14 patients, respectively). Three patients (7.3 per cent) underwent single stage surgery, and the remaining cases had a double stage procedure. Revision laryngotracheal reconstruction was needed in a single case, and 38 out of 39 tracheostomised patients were successfully decannulated.

Conclusion

Favourable outcomes were reported with costal cartilage laryngotracheal reconstruction as a definitive treatment for a large range of paediatric airway problems.
‘Something else is possible’: transcultural collaboration as anti-apartheid activism in the music of Juluka
Authors: Mutch Caleb
Published: January 2022

This article illuminates the musical activism of Juluka, an interracial South African band active in the late 1970s through the mid-1980s. Its analyses of three songs focus on intersections between Western popular music and a Zulu song genre calledmaskanda. By examining these cross-cultural interactions in the domains of harmonic progressions, formal structures and metric and rhythmic organisation, I demonstrate that the artistic fruitfulness of the band's collaboration was a powerful rebuke to the government's apartheid ideology, which sought to segregate not just people, but even their artistic expressions.