bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme-related (ACER) peptidase disrupts behavioural and metabolic responses to diet in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Glover Zoe , Hodges Matthew D. , Dravecz Nikolett , Cameron Jack , Askwith Helen , Shirras Alan , Broughton Susan J.
Published: April 2019

Drosophila Acer (Angiotensin-converting enzyme-related) encodes a member of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) family of metallopeptidases that in mammals play roles in the endocrine regulation of blood homeostasis. ACE is also expressed in adipose tissue where it is thought to play a role in metabolic regulation. Drosophila Acer is expressed in the adult fat body of the head and abdomen and is secreted into the haemolymph. Acer null mutants have previously been found to have reduced night time sleep and greater sleep fragmentation. Acer may thus be part of a signalling system linking metabolism with sleep. To further understand the role of Acer in response to diet, we measured sleep and other nutrient-responsive phenotypes in Acer null flies under different dietary conditions. We show that loss of Acer disrupts the normal response of sleep to changes in nutrition. Other nutrient sensitive phenotypes, including survival and glycogen storage, were also altered in the Acer mutant but lipid storage was not. Although the physiological substrate of the Acer peptidase has not been identified, an alteration of the normal nutrient dependent control of Drosophila insulin-like peptide 5 protein in the Acer mutant suggests insulin/IGF-like signalling as a candidate pathway modulated by Acer in the nutrient-dependent control of sleep, survival and metabolism.
Responses of compass neurons in the locust brain to visual motion and leg motor activity
Authors: Rosner Ronny , Pegel Uta , Homberg Uwe
Published: April 2019

The central complex, a group of midline neuropils in the insect brain, plays a key role in spatial orientation and navigation. Work in locusts, crickets, dung beetles, bees, and butterflies suggests that it harbors a network of neurons which determines the orientation of the insect relative to the pattern of polarized light in the blue sky. In locusts, these compass cells also respond to simulated approaching objects. Here we investigate in the locust Schistocerca gregaria whether compass cells change their activity when the animal experiences large-field visual motion or when the animal is engaged in walking behavior. We recorded intracellularly from these neurons while the tethered animals were allowed to perform walking movements on a slippery surface. We concurrently presented moving grating stimuli from the side or polarized light through a rotating polarizer from above. Large-field motion was combined with the simulation of approaching objects to evaluate whether responses differed from those presented on a stationary background. Here we show for the first time that compass cells are sensitive to large-field motion. Responses to looming stimuli were often more conspicuous during large-field motion. Walking activity influenced spiking rates at all stages of the network. The strength of responses to the plane of polarized light was affected in some compass cells during leg motor activity. The data show that signaling in compass cells of the locust central complex is modulated by visual context and locomotor activity.
Financing Constraints, Radical versus Incremental Innovation, and Aggregate Productivity
Authors: Caggese Andrea
Published: April 2019

I provide new empirical evidence on the negative relationship between financial frictions and productivity growth over a firm’s life cycle. I show that a model of firm dynamics with incremental innovation cannot explain this evidence. However, further including radical innovation, which is very risky but potentially very productive, allows for the joint replication of several stylized facts about the dynamics of young and old firms and the differences in productivity growth in industries with different degrees of financing frictions. These frictions matter because they act as a barrier to entry that reduces competition and the risk-taking of young firms. (JEL D22, D24, D25, G32, L25, L60, O31)
Natural Resources and Global Misallocation
Authors: Monge-Naranjo Alexander , Sánchez Juan M. , Santaeulàlia-Llopis Raül
Published: April 2019

Are production factors allocated efficiently across countries? To differentiate misallocation from factor intensity differences, we provide a new methodology to estimate output shares of natural resources based solely on current rent flows data. With this methodology, we construct a new dataset of estimates for the output shares of natural resources for a large panel of countries. In sharp contrast with Caselli and Feyrer (2007), we find a significant and persistent degree of misallocation of physical capital. We also find a remarkable movement toward efficiency during last 35 years, associated with the elimination of interventionist policies and driven by domestic accumulation. (JEL E22, E23, O13, Q21, Q31, Q32)
Emerging medical therapies for congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Speiser Phyllis W.
Published: April 2019

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia has traditionally been treated with daily oral doses of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoid supplements. Such therapy does not precisely replicate the adrenal cortex's circadian pattern. As a consequence, patients are intermittently overtreated or undertreated leading to growth suppression in children, excess weight gain and altered metabolism. Several new treatments are on the horizon. This article will summarize some new potential therapies as adjuncts to, or replacement for, standard therapy.
The Arab Intellectual and the Present Moment
Authors: Hamdi Tahrir
Published: April 2019

The Iraqi poet Saadi Youssef urgently asks, “Why are the poets silent?/Where have they gone?” These questions underscore the compelling need for the guiding voices of Arab intellectuals at this deeply divided present moment in the Arab world that has effectively seen the destruction of seemingly stable nations and identities. It is important to understand why and how easily “things fell apart” for Arab nations and peoples under the destructive influence and direct intervention of imperialist and Zionist agendas and forces. What does it mean to speak truth to power in the current Arab and global context where the destruction of Arab nations, such as Iraq, Syria, Libya, and Yemen has become the all too familiar, convenient, and accepted status quo, which is marked by destructive and exclusionary discourses? It has become incumbent upon the Arab intellectual/writer/poet to lead the self-examination process in order to provide an understanding of the current Arab situation within its greater global context and construct a revolutionary and insurrectionary oppositional discourse that would expose and dismantle the current defeatist and divisionary discourses. Antonio Gramsci's concepts of hegemony and consent, Louis Althusser's ideological state apparatuses, and Edward Said's important ideas on the intellectual's critical consciousness, secular criticism, and beginnings are the theoretical lenses used to help decipher the catastrophic happenings in the Arab world. This study also examines excerpts of literary works by important Arab poets/intellectuals, such as Mahmoud Darwish, Mourid Barghouti, Bader Shaker Al-Sayyab, Saadi Youssef, and Yusuf Al-Ani.
Conflict Over Oil and Gas in the Mediterranean: Israeli Expansionism in Lebanon
Authors: Aoudé Ibrahim G.
Published: April 2019

This article will discuss Israeli machinations to covet substantial areas of the Lebanese maritime exclusive economic zone, while knowing full well that international law has sided with Lebanon in this matter. The conflict between Israel and Lebanon will be discussed in the context of the relations among regional states and the conflict of East Mediterranean states over maritime oil and gas fields. Main questions that arise in this regard are as follows: First, is it a matter of oil and gas reserves over and above its share that Israel is seeking to capture or does the controversy have to do with regional domination or both? Second, what is the significance of the US envoys’ visits in early 2018 to Beirut, presumably to resolve the disagreement between Lebanon and Israel? Third, have those visits defused the situation between the two states involved or added fuel to the fire? Fourth, what is the significance of Israel's occupation of parts of Lebanon's territory to the issue of offshore oil and gas and how might it relate to the cement wall that Israel has been constructing partially in Lebanese territories? Fifth, what is the probability of an Israeli attack on Lebanon that could quickly transform into a regional conflict?
Kurdayetî and Kurdish Nationalism: The Need for Distinction
Authors: Tunc Huseyin
Published: April 2019

This article seeks to contextualize Kurdayetî (Kurdishness) in the broader debate on Kurdish nationalism. Existing accounts lack a clear definition of Kurdayetî and seldom contextualize it; yet treat Kurdayetî as a full-fledged Kurdish nationalism. As a result, the existing scholarship erroneously uses Kurdayetî and Kurdish nationalism interchangeably. In this article, I address this gap. I place Kurdayetî into the broader theoretical debate on the Kurdish nation, national identity, and nationalism. I argue that Kurdayetî signifies what Hobsbawm calls “proto-national bonds” or is equivalent to Smith's notion of “ethnie.” Therefore, Kurdayetî is not equivalent to or synonymous with Kurdish nationalism, and thus it should not be used interchangeably.
Constituting Histories Through Culture In Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Cockrell-Abdullah Autumn
Published: April 2019

Today, Kurds in Northern Iraq are employing a narrative of the Kurdish nation that bears strong ethnic roots and includes the memory of the victimization of the Kurdish nation. This essay examines the repurposing of the National Museum at Amna Suraka in Iraqi Kurdistan, from its former role as a Ba'ath site for detention, torture and execution, into a site for the preservation of Kurdish history and culture. In doing so, this essay locates the National Museum at Amna Suraka, and its role as a museum for Kurdish history and culture and as a national memorial,within the historical context of the Iraqi state. Such an examination, demonstrates the intersectional nature of the struggle for national identity within Iraqi Kurdish society, non-Kurds outside of Iraqi Kurdistan and for transnational Kurdish publics.
Effect of citrus waste on blood parameters of broiler birds with and without cocktail of enzymes
Authors: Behera Devi Prasad , Sethi Amrit Pal Singh , Singh Chanchal , Singh Udeybir , Wadhwa Manju
Published: April 2019

Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of different levels of citrus waste (CW) with or without enzyme cocktail on blood profile of broilers.

Materials and Methods: CW was sun-dried and grounded to powder CW. 256-day-old birds were distributed into eight groups; control (C), CW-supplemented diets (2.5% CW, 5.0% CW, and 7.5% CW), enzyme (E) cocktail supplemented diets (CE, 2.5% CWE, 5.0% CWE, and 7.5% CWE). The diets were fed during starter (0-14 days), grower (15-21 days), and finisher (22-42 days) phases. Blood was collected from the wing vein from four birds per treatment. Serum was separated out after centrifugation and stored at −20°C until further analysis. The samples were analyzed for liver function test (glucose, total protein [TP], albumin [ALB], and globulin), lipid profile (cholesterol and triglyceride), kidney function test (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase [AST], blood urea nitrogen [BUN], and creatinine), and antioxidant levels (catalase, superoxide dismutase [SOD], lipid peroxidation [LPx], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], glutathione [GSH], and Vitamins E and C).

Results: Blood profile data revealed that supplementation of CW showed no effect on TP, ALB, globulin, and BUN levels. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and AST levels decreased linearly with an increase in the levels of CW in the diet. Catalase and SOD activity increased non-significantly with an increase in inclusion level of CW in the diets. LPx, GPx, and GSH activities decreased (p≤0.05) up to 5% CW-fed groups. Vitamin E and C activity were found to be highest (p≤0.05) in birds fed with diet supplemented with 5% CW. GPx and GSH activities and serum Vitamin C levels were observed to be highest (p<0.05) in birds fed CW (at 5%)-based diet supplemented with enzymes.

Conclusion: The blood profile showed that supplementation of CW up to 5% decreased cholesterol, triglyceride, and AST levels and improved the antioxidant status. Vitamin C levels were observed to be highest (p<0.05) in birds fed CW (at 5%)- based diet supplemented with enzymes.
Disease prevalence among young dogs in Grand Tunis, Tunisia: A retrospective study
Authors: Tagorti Ghada
Published: April 2019

Aim: A retrospective study was undertaken to determine the occurrence, and the distribution of the most common clinical conditions of young dogs encountered at the National School of Veterinary Medicine clinic, Tunisia, from September 2012 to July 2013, based on sex, age, breeds, and season variation. Materials and Methods: A total of 515 cases were examined, and 11 clinical conditions were recorded. Clinical examination was performed. X-ray examination and necropsy were carried out only when needed. Results: Of the 515, 298 cases (57.86%) were male, while 217 (42.14%) were female. The breed-wise difference in the occurrence of various health problems was statistically significant. Nevertheless, no significant association was found between the occurrence of a disease and age. The commonly found clinical conditions were traumatic injuries (22.72%), ectoparasitic infections (20.58%), and gastroenteritis (13.40%). The occurrence of diseases was the highest (60.19%) in the wet season (September-February) followed by 39.81% in the dry season (March-July). Conclusion: The current study presents the first recorded data about the major clinical conditions of young dogs in Tunisia. These findings can be used to develop more effective disease management and control strategies.
Mapeamento e estudo da potabilidade de água de fontes alternativas localizadas em dois Distritos da Zona da Mata Mineira - MG
Authors: Rodrigues Larissa Félix , Melo Lidervan de Paula , Souza Waltencir Balbino de , Patricio Pamela da Rocha
Published: April 2019

A falta de chuvas, somadas as ações humanas, põe em risco a qualidade de água disponível para o abastecimento humano, deixando várias localidades sem abastecimento. A água superficial não é suficiente para atender a demanda cada vez mais crescente, consequentemente, torna-se necessário a utilização da água subterrânea para o abastecimento. Neste trabalho foi realizado um mapeamento e estudo da potabilidade de água de fontes alternativas utilizadas para consumo em dois Distritos localizados na região da Zona da Mata Mineira, Sobral Pinto e Santana do Campestre, os quais pertencem à microrregião de Ubá - MG. Segundo levantamento um total de 85 fontes alternativas foram encontradas, sendo 24 em Sobral Pinto e 61 em Santana do Campestre. De acordo com os dados obtidos, a população entrevistada considera a água das fontes boas para consumo e, portanto, preferem utilizá-la em detrimento a água tratada da companhia de saneamento. Foram selecionadas 8 pontos de coletas para análises, entre elas 3 em Sobral Pinto e 5 em Santana do Campestre. Foi detectada a presença de coliformes em duas amostras de Sobral Pinto e uma em Santana do Campestre. Os valores de pH determinados em Santana do Campestre encontraram-se abaixo de 6 para todas as amostras analisadas.  Os demais parâmetros analisados tanto em Santana do Campestre e Sobral Pinto encontram-se de acordo com as normas vigentes com exceção da turbidez para uma das amostras avaliadas em Sobral Pinto que ficou acima do permitido.
SEGURANÇA DO PACIENTE: REPRESENTAÇÃO SOCIAL PARA PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE EM ÂMBITO HOSPITALAR
Authors: Atanázio Maria da Glória Nascimento , De Medeiros Ana Isa Dantas , Sousa Kelienny de Meneses , Gama Zenewton André da Silva , Batista Almária Mariz
Published: April 2019

A cultura de segurança do paciente em hospitais tem sido avaliada no Brasil com uma abordagem quantitativa a partir de questionários traduzidos de outros países, porém é necessária uma abordagem qualitativa complementar em busca de itens e dimensões peculiares do contexto nacional. Com o objetivo de apreender a representação social da cultura de segurança do paciente no âmbito hospitalar brasileiro, foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo das respostas de profissionais a uma pergunta aberta em um questionário anteriormente validado. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o ALCESTE, que realiza análise léxica de um conjunto de dados textuais, gerando dados e classes, que devem ser interpretados à luz do questionamento inicial. As 3 classes geradas foram infraestrutura, erros e subnotificação e processos de trabalho. Os resultados apontaram para os principais problemas e deficiências presentes nessas instituições, na visão do profissional, que abrangem desde questões gerenciais e estruturais até fatores que dizem respeito à conduta profissional. Os problemas de infraestrutura, a forte rejeição à notificação e a desvalorização do trabalho em saúde são componentes peculiares do contexto nacional que devem ser considerados em avaliações futuras da cultura de segurança. Portanto, espera-se que estas informações auxiliem gestores, pesquisadores e profissionais na avaliação e melhoria contínua da segurança do paciente em hospitais brasileiros.
USO DO OMEPRAZOL: ESTUDO DESCRITIVO DE PACIENTES IDOSOS DE UMA UNIDADE DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA (USF) DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO, SP, BRASIL
Authors: De Lima Jean Mozart , Dal Fabbro Amaury Lelis , Funayama André Rodrigues
Published: April 2019

O primeiro inibidor da bomba de prótons (IBP) comercializado no mundo foi o omeprazol. É hoje amplamente prescrito na Atenção Básica brasileira. Estudos indicam que o uso a longo prazo pode estar relacionado a efeitos adversos importantes na qualidade de vida do paciente. Assim, o objetivo foi avaliar a prevalência e o perfil clínico de pacientes idosos em uso de omeprazol em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF). Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo em que foram avaliados pacientes idosos, usuários de uma USF. Foram incluídos no estudo 100 pacientes idosos. Desses, 35 faziam uso do omeprazol, sendo 10 do sexo masculino e 25 do sexo feminino. A dose de 20 mg diária foi encontrada em 68,6% dos usuários, 91,4% tem prescrição por mais de doze meses e 51,4% não possuíam registro do motivo de uso do omeprazol, 17,1% tinham descrito epigastralgia como justificativa de uso. O omeprazol pode estar sendo prescrito sem uma clara indicação de uso e por tempo de tratamento prolongado, colaborando para o uso inadequado desse medicamento.
The Dynamics of Sustainable Development in Rurban Area (Case Study in Mejobo Village, Mejobo District, Kudus Regency)
Authors: Nggili Marthin Oktovianus , Soetomo Sugiono
Published: April 2019

Mejobo Village was located in the Southern part of Kudus Regency, is a strategic area for the development of industrial activities. The growth of small and household, industrial activities in agricultural areas in Mejobo Village has led to the formation of the rural-urban areas (rurban). This study aims to describe the dynamics of sustainable development in rurban areas in Mejobo Village alongside the development of the industrial sector in agricultural areas. The research method being used in this study is quantitative, where data are collected through questioner, conducted observation, semi-structured interview, and obtained documents that are relevant to the investigation. The research shows that in Mejobo Village proves of sustainable development can be found within the economic activities; productivity of industrial activities; community activities and the availability of environmental facilities and infrastructure. Through this study, it can be concluded that the change from rural to rural-urban areas due to the development of small industries and households’ industries in Mejobo Village has been sustainable, with the need for continuous attention towards the productivity of the agricultural areas, so that it remains as the basis of local economic development.
Obywatel patriota? Patriotyzm jako czynnik determinujący aktywność obywatelską młodych Polaków
Authors: Marzęcki Radosław
Published: April 2019

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi propozycję spojrzenia na kategorię patriotyzmu jako na czynnik, który może odegrać istotną rolę w procesie budowy społeczeństwa obywatelskiego w państwie postkomunistycznym. Głównym celem jest analiza i wyjaśnienie, w jakim stopniu (i w jakim zakresie) patriotyzm polskich studentów wpływa na prawdopodobieństwo podejmowania zachowań obywatelskich, prospołecznych i prodemokratycznych. Poszukując odpowiedzi na to pytanie, autor zweryfikował szereg hipotez zakładających związek patriotyzmu (rozumianego na różne sposoby) z zachowaniami i poglądami, które są funkcjonalne z punktu widzenia jakości demokracji. Podstawą analiz były dane z ogólnopolskiego badania ankietowego zrealizowanego wśród studentów z 14 największych uniwersytetów w Polsce w okresie między styczniem a majem 2018 roku (N=980). Wyniki analizy statystycznej prowadzą do generalnej konkluzji, że patriotyzm stanowi względnie słaby, ale istotny predyktor postaw obywatelskich.
Partycypacja kobiet w systemie politycznym Afganistanu w XXI wieku
Authors: Jureńczyk Łukasz
Published: April 2019

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i ocena partycypacji kobiet w systemie politycznym Afganistanu w XXI wieku. Dotyczy to więc okresu po obaleniu władzy talibów przez międzynarodową koalicję pod amerykańskim przywództwem. Główny problem badawczy zawiera się w pytaniu czy zagwarantowane Afgankom prawa polityczne faktycznie są respektowane oraz czy kobiety mogą swobodnie, na równi z mężczyznami, partycypować w systemie politycznym państwa? Podczas pisania artykułu wykorzystano metodę analizy źródeł tekstowych. Ponadto oparto się na badaniach ankietowych przeprowadzonych w Afganistanie przez Fundację Azjatycką. W artykule przeanalizowano trzy główne zagadnienia, tj. aktywność kobiet-polityków, bariery działalności kobiet w przestrzeni politycznej oraz postrzeganie tej kwestii przez Afgańczyków. Mimo, że w XXI wieku osiągnięto znaczący postęp w formalnym i praktycznym upodmiotowieniu kobiet w systemie politycznym Afganistanu, to nadal istnieje wiele barier, głównie natury społeczno-kulturowej i ekonomicznej, które ograniczają możliwość większego zaangażowania Afganek w procesy polityczne.
Symulacje komputerowe modeli wieloagentowych (ABM) jako narzędzie badawcze w naukach społecznych
Authors: Karczewski Maciej
Published: April 2019

Artykuł stanowi podsumowanie badań prowadzonych przez autora w zakresie praktycznego wykorzystania technik symulacji komputerowych w odniesieniu do problematyki nauk społecznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem politologii oraz socjologii. Głównym przedmiotem badań były wielo- agentowe modele symulacyjne (ABM - Agent-Based Models), które znalazły jak dotąd najszersze zastosowanie na gruncie nauk społecznych. Przytoczone przykłady modeli wieloagentowych (model segregacji przestrzennej Schellinga oraz model ewolucji postaw etnocentrycznych Axelroda-Hammonda) oparte zostały na autorskich implementacjach napisanych w języku Python 3.6. Wykorzystano to narzędzie, w celu bezpośredniej weryfikacji ustaleń poczynionych przez cytowanych autorów, a także dokładnego przedstawienia zastosowanej przez nich metodologii. Ujęta w pracy dyskusja obejmuje kwestie związane z prawdziwością modeli symulacyjnych, a co za tym idzie zasadnością ich użycia w celach naukowych.
Italian Catholicism in the Face of Contemporary Socio-political Challenges. An Attempt to Analyse
Authors: Dudała Rafał
Published: April 2019

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza stosunku obywateli włoskich do wyzwań społecznych - politycznych i ekonomicznych, ocenianych z punktu widzenia własnej (nie) religijności. W toku prowadzonych badań zastosowano dwie metody: porównawczą, który pozwala wykazać różnorodność poglądów grup społeczno-religijnych, a także statystyczną, zakładającą podejście ilościowe i jakościowe. Realizacja wskazanego celu została oparta na przyjęciu hipotez badawczych potwierdzonych następnie przez zgromadzony materiał. Po pierwsze, w wielu kwestiach poglądy wierzących są zgodne z opiniami niewierzących a odległe w stosunku do oficjalnego stanowiska Kościoła. Po drugie, poglądy ludzi deklarujących się jako wierzący różnią się, co dowodzi, że religia nie jest podstawowym punktem odniesienia dla oceny zmian systemu politycznego. Można przy tym zauważyć odejście od obrazu jednorodnego kulturowo. Przywoływana religijna homogeniczność włoskiego społeczeństwa stoi w opozycji do rosnącej liczby osób deklarujących się jako niewierzący bądź jako wyznawcy religii niekatolickich. Nie potwierdza tego również wewnętrzne zróżnicowanie w grupie katolików, którzy w ocenie zjawisk społecznych i wydarzeń politycznych skłonni są podążać za względami niereligijnymi, głównie programami partii prawicowych, często populistycznych i antysystemowych.
Hydrocarbon Generation Potential of Chia Gara Formation in Three Selected Wells, Northern Iraq
Authors: Mamaseni Wrya J. , Naqshabandi Srood F , Al-Jaboury Falah Kh.
Published: April 2019

In this study collected samples of Chia Gara Formation in Atrush, Shaikhan and Sarsang oilfields are used to geochemical characteristics of organic matter in this formation. This determination was based on Rock-Eval pyrolysis and Biomarker analyses. The Chia Gara Formation can be considered as good to excellent source rock; it’s TOC content ranges from 1.14-8.5wt% with an average of 1.85%, 3.91%, and 6.94% in Atush-1, Mangesh-1 and Shaikhan-8 wells respectively. The samples of Chia Gara Formation contain kerogen type II. These properties are considered optimal for oil generation. The low oxygen index (OI) and pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratios (Average 20.73, 0.61 respectively) and high hydrogen index (HI) (average 637.6) indicate that the formation was deposited under anoxic condition. According to regular sterane (C27%, C28%, C29%) and terpanes ratios (C29/C30, C31/C30 hopane), the formation was deposited in marine environment.

The average value of the Carbon Preference Index (CPI) is one with Tmax values of more than 430 ºC; these indicate peak oil window for the selected samples. Overall, the 20S/(20S+20R), ββ/(ββ+αα)C29 steranes and 22R/(22R+22S)C32homohopane, with Ts/ (Ts+Tm), and moretane/ hopane ratios point to a mature organic matter and to the ability of the formation to generate oil.
Characterization of soil permeability in the former Lake Texcoco, Mexico
Authors: López-Acosta Norma Patricia , Espinosa-Santiago Alejandra Liliana , Barba-Galdámez David Francisco
Published: April 2019

The geotechnical subsoil conditions of the former Lake Texcoco represent a complex sequence of highly compressible lacustrine clays interbedded with layers and seams of harder and more permeable materials. Although the mechanical properties of these deposits have been extensively studied in the past, the information about their hydraulic properties is scarce. Currently, a comprehensive characterization of the hydraulic conductivity of this site has become necessary because of the construction of the New Mexico International Airport (NAIM). The present study describes a systematic evaluation of the hydraulic conductivity in the former Lake Texcoco through three differentin-situmethods (well permeameter, LEFRANC and piezocone dissipation test). The measurements, taken from 155 locations, show a high spatial variability, with ranges spanning more than two orders of magnitude. The results also reveal that the estimated permeabilities vary significantly among methods. These discrepancies reflect the scale dependency of the hydraulic conductivity in the area caused by soil heterogeneities. A comparison of the presented results with previous studies demonstrates that piezocone tests provide representative results for the clayey formations, while LEFRANC tests better estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the permeable strata. Besides, CPTu tests yield more consistent values of hydraulic conductivity, with smaller dispersion than well permeameter and LEFRANC tests.
Temperature changes accompanying signal propagation in axons
Authors: Tamm Kert , Engelbrecht Jüri , Peets Tanel
Published: April 2019

In this paper mathematical models are formulated in order to simulate heat production and corresponding temperature changes which accompany the propagation of an action potential. Based on earlier experimental results, several models are proposed. Together with the earlier system of coupled differential equations derived by the authors for describing the electrical and mechanical components of signaling in nerve fibers, the novel results permit to cast the whole process of signaling into one system. The emphasis is on the mathematical description of coupling forces. The numerical results are qualitatively similar to experiments.
Phylogeography and niche modelling: reciprocal enlightenment
Authors: Pahad Govan , Montgelard Claudine , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine
Published: April 2019

Phylogeography examines the spatial genetic structure of species. Environmental niche modelling (or ecological niche modelling; ENM) examines the environmental limits of a species’ ecological niche. These two fields have great potential to be used together. ENM can shed light on how phylogeographical patterns develop and help identify possible drivers of spatial structure that need to be further investigated. Specifically, ENM can be used to test for niche differentiation among clades, identify factors limiting individual clades and identify barriers and contact zones. It can also be used to test hypotheses regarding the effects of historical and future climate change on spatial genetic patterns by projecting niches using palaeoclimate or future climate data. Conversely, phylogeographical information can populate ENM with within-species genetic diversity. Where adaptive variation exists among clades within a species, modelling their niches separately can improve predictions of historical distribution patterns and future responses to climate change. Awareness of patterns of genetic diversity in niche modelling can also alert conservationists to the potential loss of genetically diverse areas in a species’ range. Here, we provide a simplistic overview of both fields, and focus on their potential for integration, encouraging researchers on both sides to take advantage of the opportunities available.
Single-photon sources with quantum dots in III–V nanowires
Authors: Mäntynen Henrik , Anttu Nicklas , Sun Zhipei , Lipsanen Harri
Published: April 2019

Single-photon sources are one of the key components in quantum photonics applications. These sources ideally emit a single photon at a time, are highly efficient, and could be integrated in photonic circuits for complex quantum system designs. Various platforms to realize such sources have been actively studied, among which semiconductor quantum dots have been found to be particularly attractive. Furthermore, quantum dots embedded in bottom-up-grown III–V compound semiconductor nanowires have been found to exhibit relatively high performance as well as beneficial flexibility in fabrication and integration. Here, we review fabrication and performance of these nanowire-based quantum sources and compare them to quantum dots in top-down-fabricated designs. The state of the art in single-photon sources with quantum dots in nanowires is discussed. We also present current challenges and possible future research directions.
Traveling wave solutions for (3+1) dimensional conformable fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation with power law nonlinearity
Authors: Osman M.S. , Rezazadeh Hadi , Eslami Mostafa
Published: April 2019

In this work, we consider the (3+1) dimensional conformable fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation with power law nonlinearity. Solitary wave solutions, soliton wave solutions, elliptic wave solutions, and periodic (hyperbolic) wave rational solutions are obtained by means of the unified method. The solutions showed that this method provides us with a powerful mathematical tool for solving nonlinear conformable fractional evolution equations in various fields of applied sciences.
Confidence of Older Eyewitnesses: Is It Diagnostic of Identification Accuracy?
Authors: Martschuk Natalie , Sporer Siegfried L. , Sauerland Melanie
Published: April 2019

Since the late 1980s evidence has been accumulating that confidence recorded at the time of identification is a reliable postdictor of eyewitness identification. Nonetheless, there may be noteworthy exceptions. In a re-analysis of a field study by Sauerland and Sporer (2009; N = 720; n = 436 choosers between 15 and 83 years old) we show that the postdictive value of confidence was reduced for participants aged 40 years or older. Different calibration indices and Bayesian analyses demonstrate a progressive dissociation between identification performance and confidence across age groups. While the confidence expressed following an identification remained unchanged across the lifespan, identification accuracy decreased. Young, highly confident witnesses were much more likely to be accurate than less confident witnesses. With increasing age, witnesses were more likely to be overconfident, particularly at the medium and high levels of confidence, and the postdictive value of confidence and decision times decreased. We conclude that witness age may be an important moderator to take into account when evaluating identification evidence.
Fewer Constraints Enhance the Generation Effect for Source Memory in Younger, but not Older Adults
Authors: McCurdy Matthew P. , Leach Ryan C. , Leshikar Eric D.
Published: April 2019

The generation effect is the memory benefit for information that is self-generated compared to read. This effect is robust for both younger and older adults. Recent work with younger adults has shown that the generation effect for context memory (i.e., contextual details associated with an episode) can be increased when there are fewer rather than greater experimental constraints placed on what participants can generate. This increase in context memory is attributable to enhanced relational processing. Given older adults’ deficits in context memory the present study tested whether fewer generation constraints would similarly improve the generation effect for contextual details in older adults. In this study, we examined age differences in item and context (i.e., source and associative) memory across three different tasks comprising the encoding of cue-target pairs: a lower-constraint generation task (i.e., free response to cue, such as assist – ____), a higher-constraint generation task (i.e., solving an anagram, such as assist – hlpe), and a read task (i.e., simply reading the cue-target pair, such as assist – help). Both age groups showed improved item and context memory for materials studied during the generation tasks (both lower- and higher-constraint) compared to the read task. However, only younger adults showed increased source memory for lower-constraint compared to higher-constraint generation, whereas older adults showed equivalent source and associative memory for both lower- and higher-constraint generation tasks. These findings suggest both age groups benefit from self-generation, but older adults may benefit less from conditions that enhance relational processing (lower-constraint generation) in younger adults.
Reduction of Chronic Stress and Trait Anxiety by Inquiry of Cognitive Appraisals with the Inquiry-Based Stress Reduction (IBSR) Method
Authors: Krispenz Ann , Dickhäuser Oliver
Published: April 2019

Background: Chronic stress and anxiety can impair individuals’ health. Appraisal theories assume that stress and anxiety are experienced if individuals appraise a situation as threatening for their well-being. Thus, the modification of cognitive appraisals can be expected to reduce stress and anxiety. A potentially effective method to modify individuals’ appraisals is inquiry-based stress reduction (IBSR; Mitchell & Mitchell, 2003).

Aims: The present study assesses the effects of IBSR on chronic stress and trait anxiety in comparison to a matched control group.

Method: We used a quasi-experimental repeated-measurement design and a non-clinical sample of N = 199. Participants’ chronic stress and anxiety levels were assessed before and three months after a nine-day IBSR training. To account for the consequences of missing randomization, propensity score matching was applied.

Results: As expected, data analyses revealed that in the IBSR training group chronic stress and trait anxiety statistically significantly decreased over the course of three months whereas in the matched control group, the levels of chronic stress and trait anxiety did not statistically significantly change.

Conclusions: IBSR seems to effectively reduce trait anxiety and chronic stress in a non-clinical sample.
Gesundheitsversorgung von sexualisierter Gewalt betroffener Mädchen* und Frauen* verbessern!
Authors: Gestrich Hannah
Published: April 2019

Viele Mädchen* und Frauen* sind von sexualisierter Gewalt in der Kindheit betroffen. Die psychischen und physischen Auswirkungen können sehr unterschiedlich sein. Zur Unterstützung und Versorgung von betroffenen Mädchen* und Frauen* bedarf es ein thematisch sensibilisiertes und aufmerksames Gesundheitssystem, um Diskriminierung oder Retraumatisierung zu vermeiden.
Jugendliche als Opfer und Täter von Gewalt
Authors: Baier Dirk , Kliem Sören
Published: April 2019

Im Beitrag werden Befunde zur Verbreitung und Entwicklung der Jugendgewalt vorgestellt. Hierbei wird auf die Polizeiliche Kriminalstatistik ebenso wie auf Befragungsstudien Bezug genommen. Gewalt, insbesondere leichtere Gewalt, ist im Jugendalter recht verbreitet. Seit 2008 hat es einen Rückgang gegeben; dieser Trend kehrt sich allerdings in jüngster Zeit um. Zusätzlich zeigen die Daten, dass es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Gewaltopfererfahrungen und schlechterer psychischer Gesundheit gibt.
Violence at the workplace – potential consequences and means of prevention
Authors: Nienhaus Albert
Published: April 2019

Violence in the workplace is a widespread problem. In Germany, approximately 11,000 occupational injuries resulting from violence are registered every year. Particularly affected by violence are people working in healthcare and social welfare. To avoid violence, technical, organisational and personal protective measures are needed. The training of de-escalation officers in the areas affected can be helpful. For victims of psychological and physical violence in the workplace psychotherapeutic support is offered by accidence insurrances.
Ärztliche Versorgung Minderjähriger nach sexueller Gewalt – eine juristische Perspektive
Authors: Lohse Katharina , Beckmann Janna , Katzenstein Henriette , Seltmann David , Thomas Meysen
Published: April 2019

Bei ärztlicher Versorgung von Minderjährigen, die sexuelle Gewalt erlebt haben, kommt es für die Rechtfertigung des mit der Behandlung verbundenen körperlichen Eingriffs allein auf die Einwilligung der Minderjährigen selbst an, wenn diese im Hinblick auf die medizinischen Maßnahmen bereits einwilligungsfähig sind. Nur wenn im Einzelfall in Bezug auf die konkrete medizinische Maßnahme keine Einwilligungsfähigkeit vorliegt, ist eine Einwilligung der sorgeberechtigten Eltern erforderlich.
Nox2-dependent neuroinflammation in an EAE model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ravelli Katherine G. , Santos Graziella D. , dos Santos Nilton B. , Munhoz Carolina D. , Azzi-Nogueira Deborah , Campos Ana Carolina , Pagano Rosana L. , Britto Luiz R. , Hernandes Marina S.
Published: April 2019

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the CNS, characterized by demyelination, focal inflammatory infiltrates and axonal damage. Oxidative stress has been linked to MS pathology. Previous studies have suggested the involvement of NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species, in the MS pathogenesis. The mechanisms of Nox2 activation on MS are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Nox2 deletion on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) onset and severity, on astrocyte activation as well as on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine induction in striatum and motor cortex.

Methodology

Subcutaneous injection of MOG35-55 emulsified with complete Freund’s adjuvant was used to evaluate the effect of Nox2 depletion on EAE-induced encephalopathy. Striatum and motor cortices were isolated and evaluated by immunoblotting and RT-PCR.

Results

Nox2 deletion resulted in clinical improvement of the disease and prevented astrocyte activation following EAE induction. Nox2 deletion prevented EAE-induced induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulated the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that Nox2 is involved on the EAE pathogenesis. IL-4 and IL-10 are likely to be involved on the protective mechanism observed following Nox2 deletion.
Quintet States 1s2s2p2 5P and 1s2p3 5So
for Be-Like Systems
Authors: Li Kai Kai , Zhuo Lin , Sun Yan , Gou Bing Cong
Published: April 2019

By systematic Rayleigh–Ritz variation calculations, the energies are reported for the core-excited states 1s2s2p2 5P and 1s2p3 5So
in the Be-like isoelectronic sequence (Z = 11–20). Energy corrections, including the restricted variational method, mass polarisation, and relativistic effect, are considered to improve the accuracy of energy. The oscillator strengths and transition wavelength between these states are also reported. Computational data on hyperfine structures presented in this paper are calculated for the first time.
Seeding Embodied Environmental Sensibilities: Lessons from a School Terrace-Farm in Mumbai, India
Authors: Dutta Deborah , Chandrasekharan Sanjay
Published: April 2019

Environmental crises require collective and sustained action. However, pro-environmental action (PEA) has been mostly approached as an individual process. Further, conventional approaches to promote PEA assume an information-processing model of actions based on knowledge acquisition, which has been critiqued. Recent environmental education approaches emphasize more complex, non-linear models of action and focus on the acquisition of action-competence, which allows students to feel empowered to act in their local communities. Extending this approach, the potential of using the school as a base to involve other members of a community to engage in collective pro-environmental practices is a promising, but under-researched, direction to address sustainability issues. In this school-based case-study, we explored the development of action-competence, particularly the processes that lead up to such competence, by facilitating an urban farming project (40 students, 12–13 years old, tracked for 10 months). We studied students’ interaction with farming structures and entities closely, taking an analysis approach inspired by: (1) recent work highlighting the affective-aesthetic appeal of environmental entities and (2) embodied cognition models. Based on these data and analysis, we show how meaningful and embodied encounters with nature contribute to the enhancement of students’ environmental “action-space”. More interestingly, sharing of these “action-spaces” with adults, through various social experiences, motivated adults to participate in PEAs. This case-study is relevant to environmental educators and researchers seeking to design proactive interventions and explore general principles underlying collective environment-oriented actions.
НАПРЯМИ, ФОРМИ ТА СФЕРИ ПРОЯВУ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ
Authors: Matkovskyi P.Ye.
Published: April 2019

Концепція статті зорієнтована на обґрунтування складових системи модернізації агроформувань. Значна увага приділена напрямам, формам, сферам прояву та реалізації сільськогосподарських підприємств. Серед форм модернізації визначено: соціальну, технологічну, інституціональну, кадрову тощо. В ході дослідження використано методи порівняння, аналізу, діалектики. Оскільки модернізація виступає одним із небагатьох методів досягнення здорової конкурентної боротьби на арені сучасного глобального ринку, визначено, що ініціатором та організатором модернізації економіки країни та її аграрного сектору зокрема в умовах економічної кризи повинна стати держава.
Propósitos organizacionales como alternativa a los problemas que proponen los modelos Canvas y Lean Canvas
Authors: Mejia-Giraldo Juan Felipe
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la posibilidad de plantear propósitos organizacionales como alternativa de punto de partida para la creación de nuevas empresas, a partir de una discusión desde una perspectiva conceptual del concepto de problema que se establece como fase inicial en los modelos de elaboración de planes de negocio canvas y lean canvas, y con base en un análisis bibliográfico sobre nociones de relacionamiento entre organizaciones y públicos. Según esta revisión, la dificultad que representa iniciar una empresa, por lo que definen ambos modelos como problema, es la concepción que tienen de este concepto, limitando su criterio a la disposición que tendría un segmento de clientes a pagar por una nueva propuesta de valor o solución, que se materializa en productos y servicios llevados al mercado. En este sentido, se proponen los propósitos organizacionales como una alternativa de punto de partida para la creación de nuevas empresas, lo que podría significar para las organizaciones tener una mayor coherencia en su oferta comercial, así como poder establecer relaciones de compromiso más altas con clientes y colaboradores, sin mencionar el efecto de aportar al bien común de la sociedad.
Customer Service Multichannel Model in a HCPS: A Discrete Simulation Case Study
Authors: Restrepo-Morales Jorge Aníbal , Giraldo Betancur Emerson Andrés , Vanegas López Juan Gabriel
Published: April 2019

This paper evaluates the real capacity of the customer service system in a Health Care Service Provider (HCSP) in which users request a service using a multi-channel M/M/n queueing system with Poisson arrivals and exponential times. The assistance process shows that an individual who wants to request a diagnostic test must wait his/her turn in several cubicles. The aim of this paper is to develop a methodology that generates two-way results in improving not only HCSP performance, but also in implementing strategies that lead to better service perception. A discrete-event simulation model is presented to determine the times for processes and forecast the demand. The entire process in HCSP takes up to four hours, although, based on our results, waiting times could be 50% shorter by decreasing the number of operative tasks that physicians and nurses should perform and implementing an electronic ticket dispenser. Improving customer service is relevant for a HCSP organization. Therefore, our simulation process could be implemented in different scenarios in order to integrate results in planning and decision-making processes.