bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Gingival Cell Cigarette Smoke Exposure Induces Muscle Cell Metabolic Disruption
Authors: Baeder Andrea C. , Napa Kiran , Richardson Sarah T. , Taylor Oliver J. , Andersen Samantha G. , Wilcox Shalene H. , Winden Duane R. , Reynolds Paul R. , Bikman Benjamin T.
Published: February 2016

Cigarette smoke exposure compromises health through damaging multiple physiological systems, including disrupting metabolic function. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of oral gingiva in mediating the deleterious metabolic effects of cigarette smoke exposure on skeletal muscle metabolic function. Using an in vitro conditioned medium cell model, skeletal muscle cells were incubated with medium from gingival cells treated with normal medium or medium containing suspended cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Following incubation of muscle cells with gingival cell conditioned medium, muscle cell mitochondrial respiration and insulin signaling and action were determined as an indication of overall muscle metabolic health. Skeletal muscle cells incubated with conditioned medium of CSE-treated gingival cells had a profound reduction in mitochondrial respiration and respiratory control. Furthermore, skeletal muscle cells had a greatly reduced response in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and glycogen synthesis. Altogether, these results provide a novel perspective on the mechanism whereby cigarette smoke affects systemic metabolic function. In conclusion, we found that oral gingival cells treated with CSE create an altered milieu that is sufficient to both disrupted skeletal muscle cell mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity.
Impact of Iodinated Contrast on Renal Function and Hemodynamics in Rats with Chronic Hyperglycemia and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Fernandes Sheila Marques , Martins Daniel Malisani , da Fonseca Cassiane Dezoti , Watanabe Mirian , Vattimo Maria de Fátima Fernandes
Published: February 2016

Iodinated contrast (IC) is clinically used in diagnostic and interventional procedures, but its use can result in contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic hyperglycemia (CH) are important predisposing factors to CI-AKI. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of iodinated contrast on the renal function and hemodynamics in rats with chronic hyperglycemia and chronic kidney disease. A total of 30 rats were divided into six groups; Sham: control of chronic renal disease; Citrate: control of chronic hyperglycemia (CH); Nx5/6: rats with 5/6 nephrectomy; Chronic Hyperglycemia: rats receiving Streptozotocin 65 mg/kg; Nx5/6 + IC: rats Nx5/6 received 6 mL/kg of IC; CH + IC: Chronic hyperglycemia rats receiving 6 mL/kg of IC. Renal function (inulinclearance; urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, NGAL) and hemodynamics (arterial blood pressure; renal blood flow; renal vascular resistance) were evaluated. Iodinated contrast significantly increased urinary NGAL and reduced inulinclearance, while the hemodynamics parameters showed changes in arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow, and renal vascular resistance in both CKD and CH groups. The results suggest that the iodinated contrast in risk factors models has important impact on renal function and hemodynamics. NGAL was confirmed to play a role of highlight in diagnosis of CI-AKI.
Analysis of Cytokine Levers in Pleural Effusions of Tuberculous Pleurisy and Tuberculous Empyema
Authors: Yang Lei , Hu Yan-Jie , Li Fu-Gen , Chang Xiu-Jun , Zhang Tian-Hui , Wang Zi-Tong
Published: February 2016

The aim is to examine whether the interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) levels were different in pleural effusions of tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculous empyema. IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, PAI-1, and t-PA levels in pleural fluids of 40 patients with tuberculous pleurisy and 38 patients with tuberculous empyema were measured. The levels of IL-1β, PAI-1, and t-PA in the pleural effusions were different between tuberculous pleurisy and tuberculous empyema; it could be helpful to differentiate the two diseases. The levels of PAI-1, IL-1βwere higher and t-PA, IL-6 were lower in pleural effusions of the patients with tuberculous empyema and who must undergo operation than the patients who could be treated with closed drainage and anti-TB chemotheraphy. These indications may be helpful to evaluate whether the patient needs the operation.
In Silico Approach for SAR Analysis of the Predicted Model of DEPDC1B: A Novel Target for Oral Cancer
Authors: Ahuja Palak , Singh Kailash
Published: February 2016

With the incidence rate of oral carcinogenesis increasing in the Southeast-Asian countries, due to increase in the consumption of tobacco and betel quid as well as infection from human papillomavirus, specifically type 16, it becomes crucial to predict the transition of premalignant lesion to cancerous tissue at an initial stage in order to control the process of oncogenesis. DEPDC1B, downregulated in the presence of E2 protein, was recently found to be overexpressed in oral cancer, which can possibly be explained by the disruption of the E2 open reading frame upon the integration of viral genome into the host genome. DEPDC1B mediates its effect by directly interacting with Rac1 protein, which is known to regulate important cell signaling pathways. Therefore, DEPDC1B can be a potential biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for diagnosing and curing the disease. However, the lack of 3D model of the structure makes the utilization of DEPDC1B as a therapeutic target difficult. The present study focuses on the prediction of a suitable 3D model of the protein as well as the analysis of protein-protein interaction between DEPDC1B and Rac1 protein using PatchDock web server along with the identification of allosteric or regulatory sites of DEPDC1B.
Unusual Presentation of Hypothyroidism in a Pregnant Woman, Mimicking Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm
Authors: Aminimoghaddam Soheila , Karisani Narmin , Mazloomi Maryam , Rahimi Maryam
Published: February 2016

Hypothyroidism is a common health issue worldwide with varying clinical manifestations. We report a woman who experienced an incomplete abortion and undiagnosed hypothyroidism who was referred to the oncologist with the suspicion of metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN). A 29-year-old woman with incomplete abortion was referred to an oncologist for possible GTN due to persistent active vaginal bleeding, an elevated beta human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), abnormal cervical inspection exam, abnormal liver function tests, ovarian enlargement, ascites, and a pleural effusion. She was found to have hypothyroidism in further work-up. She was managed with thyroid hormone replacement therapy and her condition improved after 6 weeks. Complete resolution of the ovarian mass and pericardial and pleural effusion was achieved. This case describes an important experience; hypothyroidism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any woman with an incomplete abortion presenting with an ovarian mass. Evaluation and correct diagnosis are important to prevent mismanagement.
Treatment of Class II Division 2 Malocclusion Using the Forsus Fatigue Resistance Device and 5-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Atik Ezgi , Kocadereli Ilken
Published: February 2016

This case report presents the treatment of a 14-year-and-8-month-old boy with Class II division 2 mandibular retrusion, severe deep bite, and concave profile. The Forsus fatigue resistance device (FRD) was effective in correcting both skeletal and dental parameters. At 5-year posttreatment follow-up, the teeth were well aligned and the occlusion was stable. FRD application with appropriate treatment time can result with prominent changes in the facial profile and dentition, and the outcomes can be maintained at the long-term follow-up periods.
Pathogenic Network Analysis Predicts Candidate Genes for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yun-Xia , Zhao Yan-Li
Published: February 2016

Purpose. The objective of our study was to predicate candidate genes in cervical cancer (CC) using a network-based strategy and to understand the pathogenic process of CC.Methods. A pathogenic network of CC was extracted based on known pathogenic genes (seed genes) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CC and normal controls. Subsequently, cluster analysis was performed to identify the subnetworks in the pathogenic network using ClusterONE. Each gene in the pathogenic network was assigned a weight value, and then candidate genes were obtained based on the weight distribution. Eventually, pathway enrichment analysis for candidate genes was performed.Results. In this work, a total of 330 DEGs were identified between CC and normal controls. From the pathogenic network, 2 intensely connected clusters were extracted, and a total of 52 candidate genes were detected under the weight values greater than 0.10. Among these candidate genes,VIMhad the highest weight value. Moreover, candidate genesMMP1,CDC45, andCATwere, respectively, enriched in pathway in cancer, cell cycle, and methane metabolism.Conclusion. Candidate pathogenic genes includingMMP1,CDC45,CAT, andVIMmight be involved in the pathogenesis of CC. We believe that our results can provide theoretical guidelines for future clinical application.
In SilicoAnalysis ofArabidopsis thalianaPeroxisomal 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase
Authors: Fernández-Fernández Álvaro D. , Corpas Francisco J.
Published: February 2016

NADPH, whose regeneration is critical for reductive biosynthesis and detoxification pathways, is an essential component in cell redox homeostasis. Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles with a complex biochemical machinery involved in signaling and stress processes by molecules such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO). NADPH is required by several peroxisomal enzymes involved inβ-oxidation, NO, and glutathione (GSH) generation. Plants have various NADPH-generating dehydrogenases, one of which is 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH). Arabidopsis contains three6PGDHgenes that probably are encoded for cytosolic, chloroplastic/mitochondrial, and peroxisomal isozymes, although their specific functions remain largely unknown. This study focuses on thein silicoanalysis of the biochemical characteristics and gene expression of peroxisomal 6PGDH (p6PGDH) with the aim of understanding its potential function in the peroxisomal NADPH-recycling system. The data show that a group of plant 6PGDHs contains an archetypal type 1 peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS), whilein silicogene expression analysis using affymetrix microarray data suggests that Arabidopsis p6PGDH appears to be mainly involved in xenobiotic response, growth, and developmental processes.
Transcriptome Analysis of Ramie (Boehmeria niveaL. Gaud.) in Response to Ramie Moth (Cocytodes coeruleaGuenée) Infestation
Authors: Zeng Liangbin , Shen Airong , Chen Jia , Yan Zhun , Liu Touming , Xue Zhaodong , Yu Yongting
Published: February 2016

The ramie mothCocytodes coeruleaGuenée (RM) is an economically important pest that seriously impairs the yield of ramie, an important natural fiber crop. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the ramie-pest interactions are unclear up to date. Therefore, a transcriptome profiling analysis would aid in understanding the ramie defense mechanisms against RM. In this study, we first constructed two cDNA libraries derived from RM-challenged (CH) and unchallenged (CK) ramie leaves. The subsequent sequencing of the CH and CK libraries yielded 40.2 and 62.8 million reads, respectively. Furthermore,de novoassembling of these reads generated 26,759 and 29,988 unigenes, respectively. An integrated assembly of data from these two libraries resulted in 46,533 unigenes, with an average length of 845 bp per unigene. Among these genes, 24,327 (52.28%) were functionally annotated by predicted protein function. A comparative analysis of the CK and CH transcriptome profiles revealed 1,980 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 750 were upregulated and 1,230 were downregulated. A quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of 13 random selected genes confirmed the gene expression patterns that were determined by Illumina sequencing. Among the DEGs, the expression patterns of transcription factors, protease inhibitors, and antioxidant enzymes were studied. Overall, these results provide useful insights into the defense mechanism of ramie against RM.
The Adenosinergic System in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Vindeirinho J. , Santiago A. R. , Cavadas C. , Ambrósio A. F. , Santos P. F.
Published: February 2016

The neurodegenerative and inflammatory environment that is prevalent in the diabetic eye is a key player in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy. The adenosinergic system is widely regarded as a significant modulator of neurotransmission and the inflammatory response, through the actions of the four types of adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R), and thus could be revealed as a potential player in the events unfolding in the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. Herein, we review the studies that explore the impact of diabetic conditions on the retinal adenosinergic system, as well as the role of the said system in ameliorating or exacerbating those conditions. The experimental results described suggest that this system is heavily affected by diabetic conditions and that the modulation of its components could reveal potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, particularly in the early stages of the disease.
Using Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probes to Monitor Landscape Scale Soil Water Content in Mixed Land Use Agricultural Systems
Authors: Franz Trenton E. , Wahbi Ammar , Vreugdenhil Mariette , Weltin Georg , Heng Lee , Oismueller Markus , Strauss Peter , Dercon Gerd , Desilets Darin
Published: February 2016

With an ever-increasing demand for natural resources and the societal need to understand and predict natural disasters, soil water content (SWC) observations remain a critical variable to monitor in order to optimally allocate resources, establish early warning systems, and improve weather forecasts. However, routine agricultural production practices of soil cultivation, planting, and harvest make the operation and maintenance of direct contact point sensors for long-term monitoring challenging. In this work, we explore the use of the newly established Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probe (CRNP) and method to monitor landscape average SWC in a mixed agricultural land use system in northeast Austria. The calibrated CRNP landscape SWC values compare well against an independentin situSWC probe network (MAE = 0.0286 m3/m3) given the challenge of continuousin situmonitoring from probes across a heterogeneous agricultural landscape. The ability of the CRNP to provide real-time and accurate landscape SWC measurements makes it an ideal method for establishing long-term monitoring sites in agricultural ecosystems to aid in agricultural water and nutrient management decisions at the small tract of land scale as well as aiding in management decisions at larger scales.
Studies on the Antidiabetic and Antinephritic Activities ofPaecilomyces hepialiWater Extract in Diet-Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Wang Juan , Teng Lirong , Liu Yange , Hu Wenji , Chen Wenqi , Hu Xi , Wang Yingwu , Wang Di
Published: February 2016

Paecilomyces hepialiis a fungus widely used in Asian countries for various potential pharmacological activities. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic and antinephritic effects of thePaecilomyces hepialimycelium water extract (PHC) in diabetic rat, which is established by eight-week high-fat diet administration followed by one-week tail intravenous injection of 25 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). After four-week 0.12 g/kg metformin and PHC at doses of 0.08, 0.4, and 2.0 g/kg treatment, an increment of body weight, a decrement of plasma glucose, low levels of total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetic rats were observed. PHC promotes glucose metabolism by enhancing insulin, pyruvate kinase activity, and increasing the synthesis of glycogen. PHC normalized the disturbed levels of superoxide dismutase, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde, and glutathione peroxidase in kidney. The inhibitory effects on the levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor-αin serum and kidney revealed the protection of PHC against diabetic nephropathy. Compared with nontreated diabetic rats, four-week PHC treatment resulted in a decrement on nuclear factor kappa B expression in kidney. These results show thatPaecilomyces hepialipossesses antidiabetic and antinephritic effects which are related to the modulation of nuclear factor kappa B activity.
The Step-Type Contrast Structure for High Dimensional Tikhonov System with Neumann Boundary Conditions
Authors: Wang Aifeng , Ni Mingkang
Published: February 2016

We investigate the step-type contrast structure for high dimensional Tikhonov system with Neumann boundary conditions. We not only propose a key condition with the existence of the number of mutually independent first integrals under which there exists a step-type contrast structure, but also determine where an internal transition time is. Using the method of boundary function, we construct the formal asymptotic solution and give the analytical expression for the higher order terms. At the same time, the uniformly valid asymptotic expansion and the existence of such an available step-type contrast structure are obtained by sewing connection method.
Modeling and Experiments of Severe Slugging in a Riser System
Authors: Wang Lin , Li Yuxing , Liu Chang , Hu Qihui , Wang Yating , Wang Quan
Published: February 2016

A transient mathematical model based on continuity equations for liquid and gas phases, with a momentum equation for the mixture, was developed, and numerical solutions and simulations corresponding to severe slugging in pipeline-riser system were presented, and the results were compared with the experimental data to verify the mathematical model. In numerical solutions, backward Euler schemes were adopted as predictors and trapezoidal methods were used as correctors. Variable time steps were employed for higher computational efficiency and accuracy in the integration. Experiments of severe slugging characteristics were performed, and the simulation results of the cycle periods and bottom pressure were compared with experimental values. Finally, the calculation results of detailed characteristics were analyzed thoroughly. The results show that the developed mathematical model can accurately predict the cycle time and the detailed characteristics of severe slugging. Under the experimental conditions, the liquid slug length can reach 1.6 times the height of the riser, and the maximum instantaneous gas velocity of outlet is 50 times the inlet gas velocity, and the maximum instantaneous liquid velocity of outlet is 28 times the inlet liquid velocity, having important implications for the hazard assessment of severe slugging.
Factors Affecting the Practices of Cervical Cancer Screening among Female Nurses at Public Health Institutions in Mekelle Town, Northern Ethiopia, 2014: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Gebreegziabher Mihret , Asefa Nigus Gebremedhin , Berhe Semarya
Published: February 2016

Objective. In Ethiopia, the age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical cancer is high, 35.9 per 100,000 women. Despite this fact, cervical cancer screening coverage in Ethiopia is very low. The objective of this study is to assess the magnitude and factors affecting the practices of cervical cancer screening among female nurse in Mekelle Town, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2014. Methods. This study used a cross-sectional design. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with cervical cancer screening practice. Results. A total of 225 female nurses participated in the study. The magnitude of cervical cancer screening practice among these nurses was 10.7%, within the past five years of the survey. Attitude and work place of the respondents were significantly associated with a history of cervical cancer screening practices with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 3.023, 95% CI (1.134–8.059), and 3.424, 95% CI (1.080–10.853), respectively. Conclusion. The study showed that the magnitude of the cervical screening practice is very low among nurse health professionals. Negative attitude and workplace were identified to be the predictors of decision for cervical cancer test.
Quetiapine-Induced Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
Authors: Koufakis Theocharis
Published: February 2016

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) can be induced by various conditions, including malignant neoplasms, infections, central nervous system disorders, and numerous drugs. We here report a case of a 65-year-old female patient, treated with quetiapine for schizophrenia, who presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures and was finally diagnosed with quetiapine-induced SIADH. Quetiapine-associated hyponatremia is extremely uncommon and only a few, relevant reports can be found in the literature. This case underlines the fact that patients on antipsychotic medication and more specifically on quetiapine should be closely monitored and routinely tested for electrolyte disorders.
Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using a Novel Classifier Ensemble Based on Lifting Wavelet Packet Transforms and Sample Entropy
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Long , Hu Junfeng , Xiong Guoliang
Published: February 2016

In order to improve the fault detection accuracy for rolling bearings, an automated fault diagnosis system is presented based on lifting wavelet packet transform (LWPT), sample entropy (SampEn), and classifier ensemble. Bearing vibration signals are firstly decomposed into different frequency subbands through a three-level LWPT, resulting in a total of 8 frequency-band signals throughout the third layers of the LWPT decomposition tree. The SampEns of all the 8 components are then calculated as feature vectors. Such a feature extraction paradigm is expected to depict complexity, irregularity, and nonstationarity of bearing vibrations. Moreover, a novel classifier ensemble is proposed to alleviate the effect of initial parameters on the performance of member classifiers and to improve classification effectiveness. Experiments were conducted on electric motor bearings considering various set of fault categories and fault severity levels. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed diagnosis system can effectively improve bearing fault recognition accuracy and stability in comparison with diagnosis methods based on a single classifier.
Recovery of Olfactory Function in Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction Patients after Acupuncture Treatment
Authors: Dai Qi , Pang Zhihui , Yu Hongmeng
Published: February 2016

Introduction. The aims of this study were to assess the impact of traditional Chinese acupuncture (TCA) in postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) patients who were refractory to standardized treatment and to compare the results with the impact observed in an observation group. Methods. Fifty patients who presented to the outpatient clinic with PVOD and were refractory to standardized treatment were included: 25 were treated with TCA and 25 patients were simply observed. A subjective olfactory test was performed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). The effects of TCA were compared with the results obtained in the observation group. Results. Improved olfactory function was observed in eleven patients treated with TCA compared with four patients in the observation group. This study revealed significantly improved olfactory function outcomes in patients who underwent acupuncture compared with the observation group. No significant differences in olfaction recovery were found according to age, gender, or duration of disease between the two groups; however, hyposmic patients recovered at a higher rate than anosmic patients. Conclusion. TCA may aid the treatment of PVOD patients who are refractory to drugs or other therapies.
Laser Scanning In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Clear Grafts after Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Wang Dai , Song Peng , Wang Shuting , Sun Dapeng , Wang Yuexin , Zhang Yangyang , Gao Hua
Published: February 2016

Purpose.To evaluate the changes of keratocytes and dendritic cells in the central clear graft by laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy after penetrating keratoplasty (PK).Methods.Thirty adult subjects receiving PK at Shandong Eye Institute and with clear grafts and no sign of immune rejection after surgery were recruited into this study, and 10 healthy adults were controls. The keratocytes and dendritic cells in the central graft were evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscopy, as well as epithelium cells, keratocytes, corneal endothelium cells, and corneal nerves (especially subepithelial plexus nerves).Results.Median density of subepithelial plexus nerves, keratocyte density in each layer of the stroma, and density of corneal endothelium cells were all lower in clear grafts than in controls. The dendritic cells of five (16.7%) patients were active in Bowman’s membrane and stromal membrane of the graft after PK.Conclusions.Activated dendritic cells and Langerhans cells could be detected in some of the clear grafts, which indicated that the subclinical stress of immune reaction took part in the chronic injury of the clear graft after PK, even when there was no clinical rejection episode.
Response to Pegylated Interferon Plus Ribavirin in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 6a Infection from Guangdong and Guangxi Province of China
Authors: Tong Wangxia , Zhu Jianyun , Luo Ning , Yang Xiaohua , Lei Zhiying , Huang Xiaoliang , Zhao Zhixin , Zhang Xiaohong , Gao Zhiliang , Jiang Zhonghua
Published: February 2016

Aim.Our aim is to survey the treatment effect of PEG-IFN plus ribavirin in patients infected with HCV genotype 6a in Guangdong and Guangxi province of China and investigate best course of antiviral treatment for patients with HCV-6a infection.Methods.515 eligible patients received subcutaneous 180 μg PEG-IFNα-2a or 1.5 μg/kg PEG-IFNα-2b once weekly plus oral ribavirin. Primary outcome was SVR by intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcome was RVR, cEVR, ETR, and relapse rate.Results.SVR in patients with HCV-6a infection treated for 48 weeks was comparable to that in patients with HCV-2/3 infection (80.9% versus 82.5%,p=0.812) and higher than that in patients with HCV-1b infection (80.9% versus 67.2%,p=0.014). ETR (98.9% versus 90.6%,p=0.016), virological response at month 3 of end-of- treatment (88.8% versus 76.6%,p=0.044), SVR (80.9% versus 65.6%,p=0.032), and virological response at month 12 of end-of-treatment (76.4% versus 60.9%,p=0.04) in patients with HCV-6a infection treated for 48 weeks were higher than those in patients with HCV-6a infection treated for 24 weeks.Conclusion.SVR in patients with HCV-6a treated for 48 weeks was comparable to that in patients with HCV-2/3 infection and higher than that in patients with HCV-1b infection; patients with HCV-6a infection treated for 48 weeks had a superior treatment response than patients treated for 24 weeks.
Reagentless Bacterial Identification Using a Combination of Multiwavelength Transmission and Angular Scattering Spectroscopy
Authors: Huffman Debra E. , Serebrennikova Yulia M. , Smith Jennifer M. , Roth Alison , Lindon Jack N. , Leparc German F. , Garcia-Rubio Luis H.
Published: February 2016

Optics based technologies are being advanced by many diagnostic companies around the globe. This resurgence is being driven by several factors including novel materials, enhanced computer power, nonlinear optics, and advances in algorithmic and statistical analysis. This study expands on a previous paper that evaluated the capability of a reagent-free optical profiling platform technology that used multiwavelength transmission spectroscopy to identify bacterial pathogens from pure culture. This study combines multiwavelength angular scattering with transmission based analysis into a single algorithm that will identify bacterial pathogens. Six predominant organisms,S. aureus, E. coli,K. pneumoniaeandP. aeruginosa,E. faecalis,and coagulase negativeStaphylococcus, were analyzed from a total of 753 clinical isolates received from three large community hospital systems. The bacterial identification method used for comparison in this study was the Vitek-2 (bioMerieux) which utilizes a biochemically based identification system. All of the clinical isolates received were blinded as to their identification until completion of the optical analysis. Sensitivities ranged from 87.7 to 94.6% with specificities ranging from 97.2 to 99.9% indicating that optical profiling is a powerful and exciting new technology that could be developed for the rapid identification of pathogens without the use of chemical reagents.
Pancreatic Aetiology for Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage in Pregnancy
Authors: Zaborowski Alexandra , Walsh Siun M. , Ravi Narayanasamy , Reynolds John V.
Published: February 2016

We present herein what we believe is the first reported case of massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding in pregnancy due to a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour causing left sided portal hypertension. A 37-year-old 27-week pregnant female presented with massive haematemesis and melaena requiring transfusion of 10 units of red cell concentrate. Gastric varices were evident at endoscopy. An MRI revealed a large mass infiltrating the pancreatic tail and spleen with massive upper abdominal varix formation secondary to splenic vein invasion. A caesarean section was performed, followed by a radical en bloc partial pancreatectomy and splenectomy with resection of the fundus of the stomach and ligation of gastric and splenic varices. Her postoperative course was uncomplicated. Histology revealed a well differentiated grade 2 neuroendocrine tumour with final staging of T4N0. This case highlights an infrequently encountered cause of massive gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis and management of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, due to their rarity and variable clinical presentation, can be challenging particularly in the setting of pregnancy where the wellbeing of a second patient must also be considered. A multidisciplinary approach with input from obstetricians and general surgeons is required when deciding optimum management, while also taking into account the patient’s preferences.
Review on Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Fabricius William A. , Ramanathan Muthalagu
Published: February 2016

Allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HSCT) is typically the preferred curative therapy for adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia, but its use has been reduced as a consequence of limited donor availability in the form of either matched-related donors (MRD) or matched-unrelated donors (MUD). Alternative options such as unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation and haploidentical HSCT have been increasingly studied in the past few decades to overcome these obstacles. A human leukocyte antigen- (HLA-) haploidentical donor is a recipient’s relative who shares an exact haplotype with the recipient but is mismatched for HLA genes on the unshared haplotype. These dissimilarities pose several challenges to the outcomes of the patient receiving such a type of HSCT, including higher rates of bidirectional alloreactivity and graft failure. In the past 5 years, however, several nonrandomized studies have shown promising results in terms of graft success and decreased rates of alloreactivity, in part due to newer grafting techniques and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. We present here a summary and review of the latest results of these studies as well as a brief discussion on the advantages and challenges of haploidentical HSCT.
Chattering-Free Time Scale Separation Sliding Mode Control Design with Application to Power System Chaos Suppression
Authors: Ni Junkang , Liu Ling , Liu Chongxin , Hu Xiaoyu
Published: February 2016

This paper presents a novel chattering-free sliding mode control method for a class of disturbed nonlinear systems, which achieves fast and exact disturbance estimation, eliminates chattering, and recovers the performance of nominal system and nominal control input. The proposed approach combines time scale separation design and sliding mode control. Different from the existing disturbance estimation based sliding mode control methods, the proposed scheme achieves fast and exact disturbance estimation through time scale separation and eliminates discontinuous switching term, thereby achieving good chattering alleviation effect and providing good transient response. The proposed control method is applied to suppress chaos in power system and simulation results confirm the effectiveness and robustness of proposed control scheme and highlight the advantages of the proposed control scheme over the existing disturbance estimation based sliding mode control methods in terms of chattering alleviation effect and transient response.
Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Approaches of Pre-Primary and Primary School Teachers in Mumbai, India
Authors: Mota Ankita , Oswal Kunal C. , Sajnani Dipti A. , Sajnani Anand K.
Published: February 2016

Background. School teachers have an internationally recognized potential role in school-based dental education and considerable importance has therefore been attributed to their dental knowledge. The objectives of this study were to determine the oral health related knowledge, attitudes, and approaches of pre-primary and primary school teachers in the city of Mumbai.Methods. The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the suburban regions of Mumbai using a self-administered questionnaire and involved 511 teachers.Results. Teachers demonstrated inappropriate or incomplete knowledge regarding children’s oral health. Only 53.2% knew that an individual has two sets of dentition. Moreover, only 45.4% of the teachers knew that a primary dentition consists of 20 teeth. Only 56.9% of the teachers asked their children to clean their mouth after snacking during school hours. 45.0% of the teachers were unaware of fluoridated tooth pastes whilst 78.9% of them were unaware of school water fluoridation programmes. Also, 54.8% of the teachers never discussed the oral health of children with their parents during parents meet.Conclusions. The studied school teachers demonstrated incomplete oral health knowledge, inappropriate oral practices, and unfavourable approaches to children’s oral health. There is a definite and immediate need for organized training of school teachers on basic oral health knowledge.
The Significance of Ultrasound in Determining Whether SHPT Patients Are Sensitive to Calcitriol Treatment
Authors: Liang Xing-xin , Li Fan , Gao Feng , Li Chun-xiao , Qiao Xiao-hui , Zhang Jia-jie , Du Lian-fang
Published: February 2016

This study was to explore the significance of ultrasound in determining whether the patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) are sensitive to calcitriol treatment. According to the decrease value of parathyroid hormone (PTH), 42 SHPT patients were divided into two groups: drug susceptible group and drug insusceptible group. These 42 SHPT patients’ ultrasound images were retrospectively analyzed. The morphology, size, number, blood flow, elastic modulus, and perfusion of the parathyroid glands were correlated with drug therapeutic outcome (oral calcitriol). Most SHPT patients with drug susceptible showed volume <438.50 mm3and number ≤2, with 0-1 structural and vascular patterns, associated with Relative Maximum Intensity (RIMAX) <1.59 and elastic modulus <18.8 kPa, whereas most SHPT patients with drug insusceptible showed volume ≥438.50 mm3and number ≥3, with 2-3 structural and vascular patterns, associated with Relative Maximum Intensity (RIMAX) ≥1.59 and elastic modulus ≥18.8 kPa. Therefore, ultrasonography in SHPT allows an accurate definition of the morphology, size, number, blood flow, elastic modulus, and perfusion of the parathyroid glands and is useful in determining whether SHPT patients are sensitive to calcitriol treatment.
Tsetse Flies (Glossina) as Vectors of Human African Trypanosomiasis: A Review
Authors: Wamwiri Florence Njeri , Changasi Robert Emojong
Published: February 2016

Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) transmitted by the tsetse fly continues to be a public health issue, despite more than a century of research. There are two types of the disease, the chronicgambienseand the acuterhodesiense-HAT. Fly abundance and distribution have been affected by changes in land-use patterns and climate. However, disease transmission still continues. Here, we review some aspects of HAT ecoepidemiology in the context of altered infestation patterns and maintenance of the transmission cycle as well as emerging options in disease and vector control.
PPARαAgonist Fenofibrate Reduced the Secreting Load ofβ-Cells in Hypertriglyceridemia Patients with Normal Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Liu Jia , Lu Rui , Wang Ying , Hu Yanjin , Jia Yumei , Yang Ning , Fu Jing , Wang Guang
Published: February 2016

Hypertriglyceridemia is an important risk factor associated with insulin resistance andβ-cell dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of hypertriglyceridemia and fenofibrate treatment on insulin sensitivity andβ-cell function in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. A total of 1974 subjects with normal glucose tolerance were divided into the normal TG group (NTG group,n=1302) and hypertriglyceridemia group (HTG group,n=672). Next, 92 patients selected randomly from 672 patients with hypertriglyceridemia were assigned to a 24-week fenofibrate treatment. The HTG group had increased waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and homeostasis model assessment ofβ-cell function (HOMA-β) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared with the NTG group (allP<0.01). The 24-week fenofibrate treatment significantly decreased the WC, BMI, TG, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-βlevels and increased the HDL-C levels in the patients with hypertriglyceridemia (WC, BMI, and HOMA-IR:P<0.05; TG, HDL-C, and HOMA-β:P<0.01). The fenofibrate treatment significantly alleviated insulin resistance and reduced the secreting load ofβ-cells in the hypertriglyceridemia patients with normal glucose tolerance.
In Vitro Anticancer Activity of a Nonpolar Fraction from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino
Authors: Li Yantao , Huang Jiajun , Lin Wanjun , Yuan Zhongwen , Feng Senling , Xie Ying , Ma Wenzhe
Published: February 2016

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GpM) has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of various diseases including cancer. Most previous studies have focused primarily on polar fractions of GpM for anticancer activities. In this study, a nonpolar fraction EA1.3A from GpM showed potent growth inhibitory activities against four cancer cell lines with IC50 ranging from 31.62 μg/mL to 38.02 μg/mL. Furthermore, EA1.3A also inhibited the growth of breast cancer cell MDA‐MB‐453 time‐dependently, as well as its colony formation ability. EA1.3A induced apoptosis on MDA‐MB‐453 cells both dose‐dependently and time‐dependently as analyzed by flow cytometry and verified by western blotting analysis of apoptosis marker cleaved nuclear poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (cPARP). Additionally, EA1.3A induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Chemical components analysis of EA1.3A by GC‐MS revealed that this nonpolar fraction from GpM contains 10 compounds including four alkaloids, three organic esters, two terpenes, and one catechol substance, and all these compounds have not been reported in GpM. In summary, the nonpolar fraction EA1.3A from GpM inhibited cancer cell growth through induction of apoptosis and regulation of cell cycle progression. Our study shed light on new chemical bases for the anticancer activities of GpM and feasibilities to develop new anticancer agents from this widely used medicinal plant.
Growth, Fatty Acid, and Lipid Composition of Marine MicroalgaeSkeletonema costatumAvailable in Bangladesh Coast: Consideration as Biodiesel Feedstock
Authors: Sharmin Tania , Monirul Hasan Chowdhury Md. , Aftabuddin Sheikh , Rahman Md. Atiar , Khan Mala
Published: February 2016

Among the various potential sources of renewable energy, biofuels are of most interest. Marine microalgae are the most promising oil sources for making biofuels, which can grow very rapidly and convert solar energy to chemical energy via CO2fixation. The fatty acid profile of almost all the microalgal oil is suitable for the synthesis of biofuel. In this research, fatty acid and lipid contents of Bangladeshi strains of marine microalgaeSkeletonema costatumwere performed. For this, the crude oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method, using three most common solvent systems, pure hexane and mixture of CHCl3 : MeOH (2 : 1) and hexane : EtOH (3 : 1) one by one. Highest oil recovery (15.37%) came from CHCl3 : MeOH (2 : 1) solvent system from dry biomass whereas the lowest (2.49%) came from n-hexane from wet biomass. The qualitative analysis of the extracted oil by GC/MS analysis revealed that it contained significant amount of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and palmitoleic acid (C16:1). It also indicated presence of hexadecatrienoic acid, benzenedicarboxylic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester (C19H36O2), and so forth. The obtained fatty acid profile indicates high potentiality ofS. costatumspecies to be used as promising biofuel feedstock a little improvisation and substantially it can replace diesel in near future.
NMCT: A Novel Monte Carlo-Based Tracking Algorithm Using Potential Proximity Information
Authors: Niu Qiang , Huan Tian , Chen Pengpeng
Published: February 2016

Currently, many services benefit greatly from the availability of accurate tracking. Tracking in wireless sensor networks remains a challenging issue. Most tracking methods often require a large number of anchors and do not take advantage of potential localization information, leading to poor accuracy. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a Novel Monte Carlo-based Tracking (NMCT) algorithm with area-based and neighbor-based filtering, which fully extracts the proximity information embedded in the neighborhood sensing. We describe the entire system design in detail and conduct extensive simulations. The results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the typical schemes under a wide range of conditions.
Mycoplasma genitalium: An Emerging Sexually Transmitted Infection
Authors: Munoz Jessian L. , Goje Oluwatosin Jaiyeoba
Published: February 2016

Mycoplasma genitaliumhas been recognized as a cause of male urethritis, and there is now evidence suggesting that it causes cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women.M. genitaliumis a slow growing organism, and, with the advent of nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), more studies are being performed, and knowledge about the pathogenicity of this organism elucidated. With NAAT detection, treatment modalities have been studied, and the next challenge is to determine the most effective antimicrobial therapy. Doxycycline, the first-line antibiotic for urethritis, is largely ineffective in the treatment ofM. genitaliumand furthermore, resistance to macrolide has also emerged. The most effective drug is Moxifloxacin although there are emerging reports of resistance to it in various parts of the world. This paper not only highlights the current research and knowledge, but also reviews the diversity of health implications on the health of men and women infected withM. genitalium. Alternate antibiotics and the impact ofM. genitaliumon infertility are areas that require more studies as we continue to research into this microorganism.
Correlation of Global Solar Radiation of Eight Synoptic Stations in Burkina Faso Based on Linear and Multiple Linear Regression Methods
Authors: Coulibaly Ousmane , Ouedraogo Abdoulaye
Published: February 2016

We utilize the multiple linear regression method to analyse meteorological data for eight cities in Burkina Faso. A correlation between the monthly mean daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface and five meteorological and geographical parameters, which are the mean daily extraterrestrial solar radiation intensity, the average daily ratio of sunshine duration, the mean daily relative humidity, the mean daily maximum air temperature, and the sine of the solar declination angle, was examined. A second correlation is established for the entire country, using, this time, the monthly mean global solar radiation on a horizontal surface and the following climatic variables: the average daily ratio of sunshine duration, the latitude, and the longitude. The results show that the coefficients of correlation vary between 0.96 and 0.99 depending on the station while the relative errors spread between −3.16% (Pô) and 3.65% (Dédougou). The maximum value of the RMSD which is 312.36 kJ/m2 is obtained at Dori, which receives the strongest radiation. For the entire cities, the values of the MBD are found to be in the acceptable margin.
Geohelminth Infections and Nutritional Status of Preschool Aged Children in a Periurban Settlement ofOgun State
Authors: Omitola O. O. , Mogaji H. O. , Oluwole A. S. , Adeniran A. A. , Alabi O. M. , Ekpo U. F.
Published: February 2016

This study assessed the geohelminth and nutritional status of preschoolers in a periurban community of Ogun state. Fresh stool specimens were collected for laboratory analysis, processed using ether concentration method, and examined under the microscope for geohelminth ova. Demographic characteristics and daily nutrient intake of children were subjectively assessed during an interview session with parents, following anthropometric data collection. Data obtained were analysed using a statistical software for Windows. Nutritional indicators such as underweight, stunting, and wasting were computed from anthropometric data. Results showed an overall prevalence of 39.2% and 12.4% for Ascariasis and Hookworm infection, respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05) between the sexes. Prevalence of nutritional indicators was 52.6%, 35.1%, 34.0%, and 9.3% for underweight, stunting, wasting, and thinness conditions, respectively. A good proportion of the malnourished preschoolers were free ofAscarisinfection but infected with Hookworm parasite. The adverse effect of geohelminth infection cannot still be ignored in impaired growth, reduced survival, poor development, and cognitive performance of preschoolers. Therefore promotion of adequate health education program on measures of preventing geohelminth infections is needed.