bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Destination Marketing of Australia
Authors: Dwyer Larry , Pham Tien , Forsyth Peter , Spurr Ray
Published: July 2013

The efficient targeting of destination marketing depends not only on identifying markets that are currently or potentially “high yielding” but also on the cost effectiveness of marketing expenditure in different markets. At least three different types of yield measures that are relevant to “return” on marketing investment have not been clearly distinguished in the literature. One relates to the expenditure associated with the additional tourism flows generated as a result of the marketing effort—this is a well-used measure. Another relates to the economic contribution associated with different inbound market segments. A third measure relates to the (economy-wide) impact of the visitor spending. The article uses each measure, combined with marketing elasticities, to estimate the return on investment associated with promoting Australia in nine key markets. While Australia provides a context for study, the approach taken and the results have relevance to destination marketing organizations worldwide.
A hybrid approach for multi-weapon production planning with large-dimensional multi-objective in defense manufacturing
Authors: Zhou Yu , Jiang Jiang , Yang Zhen-yu , Tan Yue-jin
Published: July 2013

Multi-weapon production planning contains multi-objective combinatorial optimization and decision-making problems with the NP-hard and large-dimensional natures, which are difficult to be attacked by one single technique successfully. A four-stage hybrid approach is proposed to solve this problem. In the first stage, the multi-weapon production planning problem is formulated with 2 N ( N > 5) objectives based on operational capability requirements and expected downside risk measure. In the second stage, the formulation addressed is converted into a bi-objective optimization model using goal programming. In the third stage, an algorithm DENS based on differential evolution and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm–II is developed to obtain the Pareto set. Finally, the multiple attribute decision-making method technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution is employed to acquire the compromise solution from the Pareto set. A case study is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The concrete advantages of goal programming, DENS, and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution are also validated in this case. This approach can support the weapon production planning in defense manufacturing and is also applicable to solve the multi-level and multi-objective problem in other manufacturing fields.
Numerical simulation of Dean number and curvature effects on magneto-biofluid flow through a curved conduit
Authors: Hoque Mohammad M , Alam Mohammad M , Ferdows Mohammad , Bég Osman A
Published: July 2013

A numerical study is performed to investigate the magnetohydrodynamic viscous steady biofluid flow through a curved pipe with circular cross section under various conditions. A spectral method is applied as the principal tool for the numerical simulation with Fourier series, Chebyshev polynomials, collocation methods and an iteration method as secondary tools. The combined effects of Dean number, Dn, magnetic parameter, Mg, and tube curvature, δ, are studied. The flow patterns have been shown graphically for large Dean numbers as well as magnetic parameter and a wide range of curvatures, 0.01 ≤ δ≤ 0.2. Two-vortex solutions have been found. Axial velocity has been found to increase with an increase of Dean number, whereas it is suppressed with greater curvature and magnetic parameters. For high magnetic parameter and Dean number and low curvature, almost all the fluid vortex strengths are weak. The study is relevant to magnetohydrodynamic blood flow in the cardiovascular system.
Antioxidant status in rat kidneys after coexposure to uranium and gentamicin
Authors: Poisson C , Rouas C , Manens L , Dublineau I , Gueguen Y
Published: July 2013

Uranium (U) accumulates and produces its toxic effects preferentially in the kidneys, especially in the proximal tubular structure. U disturbs the balance of pro-/antioxidants in the renal cortex after acute exposure. Other nephrotoxic agents, such as medications, also cause oxidative stress, but the effects of coexposure are not known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of chronic exposure to U and acute gentamicin treatment on the pro- and antioxidant status of the renal cortex of rats. Animals were chronically exposed (9 months) to a nonnephrotoxic level of U (40 mg/L) and then treated with daily injections of gentamicin at a range of doses (0, 5, 25, 100, and 150 mg/kg) during the last week of contamination. We studied changes in the gene expression, protein expression, and enzyme activity of key factors involved in the pro-/antioxidant balance in the renal cortex. At and above a dose of 100 mg/kg, gentamicin decreased the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of catalase ( CAT), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase ( SOD) and increased the mRNA levels of heme oxygenase-1 in contaminated rats. This treatment decreased CAT activity, but did not significantly change the SOD protein level. Chronic exposure to U did not worsen these effects in our experimental conditions. In conclusion, gentamicin treatment disturbed the oxidative balance in our model’s renal cortex, but the chronic exposure to U at this nonnephrotoxic level did not appear to reinforce these effects.
Strengths-Based Career Counseling
Authors: Littman-Ovadia Hadassah , Lazar-Butbul Vered , Benjamin Benny A.
Published: July 2013

This study implemented an innovative model of individual Strengths-Based Career Counseling (SBCC), as carried out by vocational counseling psychologists, and measured its impact on unemployed job seekers. As part of a quasi-randomized pre–post intervention study, career counseling clients completed self-esteem, career exploration, strengths use, and life satisfaction scales prior to the initial counseling session (T1) and immediately following the final session (T2). A follow-up was carried out at 3 months postcounseling (T3). At baseline, the SBCC sample ( N = 31) and the conventional career counseling sample ( N = 30) were statistically similar on the measured variables. As hypothesized, at postcounseling, only the SBCC sample demonstrated enhanced self-esteem. Both the client samples reported enhanced daily use of strengths and unchanged career exploration and life satisfaction. However, precounseling strengths use predicted enhanced postcounseling self-esteem only among the SBCC clients. At the 3-month follow-up, the strengths-based sample assigned a higher rating to the counseling contribution and reported a higher rate of employment (80.6%) than did the comparison group (60%). Implications for career counseling with unemployed clients were discussed.
Charcot Arthropathy of the Foot and Ankle Associated With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Grear Benjamin J. , Rabinovich Alexander , Brodsky James W.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is now well recognized as the most common cause of Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle, but it may be associated with other peripheral neuropathies. While not well known, it is well documented that rheumatoid arthritis is correlated with peripheral neuropathy. However, despite rheumatoid neuropathy, Charcot arthropathy has never been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. We report a series of Charcot arthropathy patients with concomitant rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods:

The medical records of patients treated between 1986 and 2009 with Charcot arthropathy and rheumatoid arthritis were reviewed. Recorded data included neuropathy risk factors, medications, history of ulcerations, ambulatory status, shoe wear, and treatment course. Radiographs of Charcot joints were categorized according to the Brodsky anatomic classification. Patient care was based on published treatment algorithms, emphasizing accommodative, nonoperative treatment with selective surgical interventions. Surgery was indicated for recalcitrant, nonhealing lesions of the soft tissue and/or unbraceable, nonplantigrade feet. A successful outcome was considered an ambulatory patient without amputation and a closed skin envelope at last follow-up.

Results:

Four men and 16 women met the diagnostic criteria, resulting in 33 feet in the series. Average age was 61 years, and average follow-up was 4.3 years. In addition to rheumatoid arthritis, 4 patients (7 feet) had hypothyroidism, 4 patients (6 feet) had diabetes, 1 patient (2 feet) had megaloblastic anemia and diabetes, and 1 patient (1 foot) had hypothyroidism and diabetes; however, 17 feet (52%) had no known sources for neuropathy. Charcot involvement was type 1–midfoot in 21 feet (64%), type 2–hindfoot in 7 (21%), type 3a–ankle in 4 (12%), and type 3b–calcaneus in 1 (3%). Twenty-three feet (70%) were treated with conservative modalities. Ten feet (30%) required 15 surgeries, of which an exostectomy was the most common procedure. Of the 33 feet, 3 had persistent ulcerations and 1 underwent major amputation, representing 4 failures.

Conclusions:

Raising awareness within the orthopaedic community, we report a Charcot arthropathy population with a concomitant rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis, emphasizing a relationship between the 2 diseases. Through a conservative treatment regimen combined with selective surgical interventions, satisfactory outcomes were achieved in 88% of the rheumatoid Charcot feet. While several patients had additional neuropathy sources which could cause Charcot arthropathy (eg, diabetes), the majority of feet had no etiologies accounting for neuropathy or neuroarthropathy except rheumatoid arthritis. Further study is required to expand on this relationship between the 2 diseases.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Movement Scaling in Children With ADHD-Combined Type
Authors: Langmaid Rebecca A. , Papadopoulos Nicole , Johnson Beth P. , Phillips James , Rinehart Nicole J.
Published: July 2013

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate motor performance in children with ADHD using a size-scaling handwriting task. Method: In all, 14 male children with ADHD and 14 typically developing (TD) children (age 7-15) wrote 10-mm and 40-mm cursive letter “ l.” Results: Children with ADHD were unable to maintain their writing accurately at 40 mm, falling short by several millimeters; this was not evident in the TD children. Children with ADHD also had slightly faster and more fluent writing than TD children. Conclusion: It was concluded that children with ADHD have difficulties scaling handwriting movement in the larger 40-mm condition that may reflect poor planning and modulation of movement, despite having faster and more fluent movements.
Modeling of diesel oxidation catalysts for calibration and control purpose
Authors: Mallamo Fabio , Longhi Stefano , Millo Federico , Rolando Luciano
Published: July 2013

An approach to the analysis of the performance of the diesel oxidation catalysts is presented in this article. A modeling methodology is proposed, whose main characteristics are the usage of a limited set of input data for the execution of the simulations, the minimal effort required for the preliminary calibration of the models and the reduced computational time. The developed diesel oxidation catalyst model structure is described, and its predictive capability is shown by means of a comparison with experimental measurements. The model is based on quasi-zero-dimensional and quasi-steady-state approaches, which ensure a reasonable compromise between practicality of usage (including faster than real-time computational time) and quality of the results. Thanks to the quick execution and the accuracy of the results, the proposed modeling approach can be used not only for the development of the diesel powertrains but also for the optimization of the related control and calibration strategies. This process is particularly effective when the models for the aftertreatment systems are coupled with models for the prediction of the engine-out quantities and with software tools for the virtual calibration of the main engine and exhaust system control parameters. A specific example of the effectiveness of this kind of analysis is also given in this article, with focus on the assessment of the system robustness.
Efficiency and Managerial Performance in FBS College Football
Authors: Maxcy Joel G.
Published: July 2013

This article develops a model of managerial efficiency for National Collegiate Athletic Association’s top division college football coaches. The derived efficiency measures are then linked to the hiring and firing process. The work concludes with an evaluation of the effect of head coach succession on team performance. This study evaluates coaching efficiency in terms of both use of talent and recruiting talent. The constructed efficiency rankings are used to evaluate hiring and firing decisions and determine the degree that each type of efficiency plays in these decisions. Last, the efficiency of the market is assessed by evaluating whether universities are making a good choice and are able on average to improve performance when replacing an underperforming coach. The empirical results indicate that both constructs of efficiency matter. Coaches who exhibit high level of both types of efficiencies regularly move up to the most lucrative jobs. Replacement of poor performing coach is most often a wise decision.
Inhibition of apoptosis by knockdown of caspase-3 with siRNA in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Hua Ping , Liu Li-bao , Liu Jia-liang , Wang Meng , Jiang Hui-qi , Zeng Kuan , Yang Yan-qi , Yang Song-ran
Published: July 2013

Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is a promising new strategy for the repair of infarcted cardiac tissue. However, the majority of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) die soon after transplantation, due in part to oxidative stress in the ischemic region. Oxidative stress is known to induce apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3. The aim of this study is to determine whether small interfering RNA targeting caspase-3 can inhibit the apoptosis of rat BMSCs in vitro. Caspase-3 siRNA expression vectors were prepared and transfected into rat BMSCs in the presence of liposomes. Western blot assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to detect caspase-3 expression. A retrovirus packaging system was employed to package 293FT cells producing caspase-3 siRNA virus, which were transfected into rat BMSCs. Those stably expressing caspase-3 siRNA were screened by Western blot assay and RT-PCR to determine caspase-3 expression levels. Stable transfection of caspase-3 siRNA significantly decreased caspase-3 protein (0.26 ± 0.001 vs. 0.42 ± 0.004, P < 0.05) and mRNA expression (0.19 ± 0.002 vs. 1, P < 0.05) in BMSCs compared to non-transfected BMSCs. Cells were incubated in H2O2 to induce apoptosis, which was detected by TUNEL staining, and BMSC morphology was not altered by either transient or stable transfection of caspase-3 siRNA. H2O2-induced apoptosis of BMSCs stably transfected with caspase-3 siRNA was dramatically reduced compared to that of normal BMSCs (11.0 ± 3.2 vs. 25.8 ± 4.2, P < 0.05). Caspase-3 knockdown BMSCs are thus more resistant to apoptosis than normal BMSCs, potentially increasing their survival rates under conditions that cause oxidative stress.
Arrest Decision Making by School Resource Officers
Authors: Wolf Kerrin C.
Published: July 2013

Over the past two decades, school resource officers (SROs) have become an increasingly common fixture on the American educational landscape. Despite their prominence in schools, significant investigation into their arrest-making behavior has not occurred. This article uses responses to a statewide survey of SROs in Delaware to explore SRO arrest decision making. Guided by Black’s general theory of arrest, it analyzes the effect of the school context on SROs’ arrest decisions. The SROs’ survey responses indicate that the factors highlighted by Black as influential to arrest decisions remain prominent in SRO arrest decision making, but the school context influences their arrest decisions in a variety of critical ways.
Randomized Trial of Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy With and Without an Intensive Therapy Program in Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Klingels Katrijn , Feys Hilde , Molenaers Guy , Verbeke Geert , Van Daele Sabine , Hoskens Jasmine , Desloovere Kaat , De Cock Paul
Published: July 2013

Background. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has gained emerging evidence and popularity in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). However, many issues remain unanswered regarding the best approach. Objective. This study investigated the additional effects of an intensive therapy program to promote hand function combined with home-based modified CIMT (m-CIMT). Methods. Fifty-one children (mean age 8 years 9 months) were randomized to m-CIMT alone or m-CIMT with intensive therapy (IT). All children had to wear a constraint on the unaffected hand for 1 hour, 5 days/week for 10 weeks. Children in the m-CIMT + IT group also received 3 sessions of 45 minutes weekly of intensive therapy for distal muscle strengthening and hand function, using unimanual and bimanual activities. The Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures were muscle tone, strength, Melbourne Assessment, Jebsen–Taylor test, and ABILHAND-Kids questionnaire. Assessments were administered at baseline, after intervention, and at 10-week follow-up. Results. Significant between-group differences in AHA were in favor of the m-CIMT + IT group ( P = .04). Both groups demonstrated comparable improvements in muscle tone ( P = .002), strength ( P < .0001), grip strength ( P = .02), and unimanual capacity (Melbourne Assessment and Jebsen–Taylor, P < .0001). Younger children and children with poorer hand function benefited from both interventions, whereas older children and children with better hand function only benefited from the combined approach. Conclusions. The combination of m-CIMT with an intensive therapy program on distal hand function and strength enhances the effects of m-CIMT alone for improving bimanual performance.
Dopamine receptor 3 might be an essential molecule in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Chen Yan , Ni Ying-yin , Liu Jie , Lu Jia-wei , Wang Fang , Wu Xiao-lin , Gu Ming-min , Lu Zhen-yu , Wang Zhu-gang , Ren Zhi-hua
Published: July 2013

Background

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces Parkinson’s disease (PD)-like neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) via its oxidized product, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), which is transported by the dopamine (DA) transporter into DA nerve terminals. DA receptor subtype 3 (D3 receptor) participates in neurotransmitter transport, gene regulation in the DA system, physiological accommodation via G protein-coupled superfamily receptors and other physiological processes in the nervous system. This study investigated the possible correlation between D3 receptors and MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. A series of behavioral experiments and histological analyses were conducted in D3 receptor-deficient mice, using an MPTP-induced model of PD.

Results

After the fourth MPTP injection, wild-type animals that received 15 mg/kg per day displayed significant neurotoxin-related bradykinesia. D3 receptor-deficient mice displayed attenuated MPTP-induced locomotor activity changes. Consistent with the behavioral observations, further neurohistological assessment showed that MPTP-induced neuronal damage in the SNpc was reduced in D3 receptor-deficient mice.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that the D3 receptor might be an essential molecule in MPTP-induced PD and provides a new molecular mechanism for MPTP neurotoxicity.
First description of seasonality of birth and diagnosis amongst teenagers and young adults with cancer aged 15–24 years in England, 1996–2005
Authors: van Laar Marlous , Kinsey Sally E , Picton Susan V , Feltbower Richard G
Published: July 2013

Background

We aimed to examine evidence for an infectious aetiology among teenagers and young adults (TYA) by analysing monthly seasonality of diagnosis and birth amongst 15–24 year olds diagnosed with cancer in England.

Methods

Cases of leukaemia, lymphoma and central nervous system (CNS) tumours were derived from the national TYA cancer register (1996–2005). Incidence rates (IR) and trends were assessed using Poisson regression. Seasonality of diagnosis and birth was assessed using Poisson and logistic regression respectively with cosine functions of varying periods.

Results

There were 6251 cases diagnosed with leukaemia (n = 1299), lymphoma (n = 3070) and CNS tumours (n = 1882), the overall IR was 92 (95% CI 89–96) per 1,000,000 15–24 year olds per year.

There was significant evidence of seasonality around the time of diagnosis for Hodgkin’s lymphoma (P < 0.001) with a peak in February, and for ‘other CNS tumours’ (P = 0.010) with peaks in December and June. Birth peaks for those with ‘other Gliomas’ (Gliomas other than Astrocytoma and Ependymoma) were observed in May and November (P = 0.015).

Conclusion

Our novel findings support an infectious aetiological hypothesis for certain subgroups of TYA cancer in England. Further work will examine correlation with specific infections occurring around the time of birth and diagnosis within certain diagnostic groups.
Artificial neural network models for prediction of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in general Chinese population
Authors: Liu Juanmei , Tang Zi-Hui , Zeng Fangfang , Li Zhongtao , Zhou Linuo
Published: July 2013

Background

The present study aimed to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) based prediction model for cardiovascular autonomic (CA) dysfunction in the general population.

Methods

We analyzed a previous dataset based on a population sample consisted of 2,092 individuals aged 30–80 years. The prediction models were derived from an exploratory set using ANN analysis. Performances of these prediction models were evaluated in the validation set.

Results

Univariate analysis indicated that 14 risk factors showed statistically significant association with CA dysfunction (P < 0.05). The mean area under the receiver-operating curve was 0.762 (95% CI 0.732–0.793) for prediction model developed using ANN analysis. The mean sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were similar in the prediction models was 0.751, 0.665, 0.330 and 0.924, respectively. All HL statistics were less than 15.0.

Conclusion

ANN is an effective tool for developing prediction models with high value for predicting CA dysfunction among the general population.
PTEN loss mediated Akt activation promotes prostate tumor growth and metastasis via CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling
Authors: Conley-LaComb M Katie , Saliganan Allen , Kandagatla Pridvi , Chen Yong Q , Cher Michael L , Chinni Sreenivasa R
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The chemokine CXCL12, also known as SDF-1, and its receptor, CXCR4, are overexpressed in prostate cancers and in animal models of prostate-specific PTEN deletion, but their regulation is poorly understood. Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is frequently observed in cancer, resulting in the deregulation of cell survival, growth, and proliferation. We hypothesize that loss of PTEN and subsequent activation of Akt, frequent occurrences in prostate cancer, regulate the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis in tumor growth and bone metastasis.

Methods

Murine prostate epithelial cells from PTEN+/+, PTEN
+/−
, and PTEN−/− (prostate specific knockdown) mice as well as human prostate cancer cell lines C4-2B, PC3, and DU145 were used in gene expression and invasion studies with Akt inhibition. Additionally, HA-tagged Akt1 was overexpressed in DU145, and tumor growth in subcutaneous and intra-tibia bone metastasis models were analyzed.

Results

Loss of PTEN resulted in increased expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 and Akt inhibition reversed expression and cellular invasion. These results suggest that loss of PTEN may play a key role in the regulation of this chemokine activity in prostate cancer. Overexpression of Akt1 in DU145 resulted in increased CXCR4 expression, as well as increased proliferation and cell cycle progression. Subcutaneous injection of these cells also resulted in increased tumor growth as compared to neo controls. Akt1 overexpression reversed the osteosclerotic phenotype associated with DU145 cells to an osteolytic phenotype and enhanced intra-osseous tumor growth.

Conclusions

These results suggest the basis for activation of CXCL12 signaling through CXCR4 in prostate cancer driven by the loss of PTEN and subsequent activation of Akt. Akt1-associated CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling promotes tumor growth, suggesting that Akt inhibitors may potentially be employed as anticancer agents to target expansion of PC bone metastases.
A hot hole-programmed and low-temperature-formed SONOS flash memory
Authors: Chang Yuan-Ming , Yang Wen-Luh , Liu Sheng-Hsien , Hsiao Yu-Ping , Wu Jia-Yo , Wu Chi-Chang
Published: July 2013

In this study, a high-performance TixZrySizO flash memory is demonstrated using a sol–gel spin-coating method and formed under a low annealing temperature. The high-efficiency charge storage layer is formed by depositing a well-mixed solution of titanium tetrachloride, silicon tetrachloride, and zirconium tetrachloride, followed by 60 s of annealing at 600°C. The flash memory exhibits a noteworthy hot hole trapping characteristic and excellent electrical properties regarding memory window, program/erase speeds, and charge retention. At only 6-V operation, the program/erase speeds can be as fast as 120:5.2 μs with a 2-V shift, and the memory window can be up to 8 V. The retention times are extrapolated to 106s with only 5% (at 85°C) and 10% (at 125°C) charge loss. The barrier height of the TixZrySizO film is demonstrated to be 1.15 eV for hole trapping, through the extraction of the Poole-Frenkel current. The excellent performance of the memory is attributed to high trapping sites of the low-temperature-annealed, high-κsol–gel film.
Angiotensin II Produces Nociceptive Behavior through Spinal AT1 Receptor-Mediated p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Mice
Authors: Nemoto Wataru , Nakagawasai Osamu , Yaoita Fukie , Kanno Syu-Ichi , Yomogida Shin , Ishikawa Masaaki , Tadano Takeshi , Tan-No Koichi
Published: July 2013

Background

It has been demonstrated that angiotensin II (Ang II) participates in either the inhibition or the facilitation of nociceptive transmission depending on the brain area. Neuronal Ang II is locally synthesized not only in the brain, but also in the spinal cord. Though the spinal cord is an important area for the modulation of nociception, the role of spinal Ang II in nociceptive transmission remains unclear. Therefore, in order to elucidate the role of Ang II in nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord, we examined the effect of intrathecal (i.t.) administration of Ang II into mice.

Results

I.t. administration of Ang II produced a behavioral response in mice mainly consisting of biting and/or licking of the hindpaw and the tail along with slight hindlimb scratching directed toward the flank. The behavior induced by Ang II (3 pmol) was dose-dependently inhibited by intraperitoneal injection of morphine (0.1–0.3 mg/kg), suggesting that the behavioral response is related to nociception. The nociceptive behavior was also inhibited dose-dependently by i.t. co-administration of losartan (0.3–3 nmol), an Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, and SB 2035 80 (0.1–1 nmol), a p38 MAPK inhibitor. However, the Ang II type 2 (AT2) receptor antagonist PD123319, the upstream inhibitor of ERK1/2 phosphorylation U0126, and the JNK inhibitor SP600125 had no effect on Ang II-induced nociceptive behavior. Western blot analysis showed that the i.t. injection of Ang II induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the lumbar dorsal spinal cord, which was inhibited by losartan, without affecting ERK1/2 and JNK. Furthermore, we found that AT1 receptor expression was relatively high in the lumbar superficial dorsal horn.

Conclusions

Our data show that i.t. administration of Ang II induces nociceptive behavior accompanied by the activation of p38 MAPK signaling mediated through AT1 receptors. This observation indicates that Ang II may act as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator in the spinal transmission of nociceptive information.
Skin prick test to foods in childhood atopic eczema: pros and cons
Authors: Caffarelli Carlo , Dondi Arianna , Povesi Dascola Carlotta , Ricci Giampaolo
Published: July 2013

Skin prick tests are the first investigation in allergy diagnostics and their use is described in all the guidelines on atopic eczema. However, the clinical usefulness of skin prick tests is the subject of great debate. On the one hand, skin prick tests allow the identification both of individuals at risk for food allergy and of the allergen inducing the eczematous flare. On the other hand, when performed by a non-specific specialist, positive skin prick tests to foods may wrongly lead to prolonged elimination diets, which may induce nutritional deficiencies and perhaps loss of tolerance to the avoided foods. Furthermore, skin prick tests increase health costs. A consensus on this topic has not yet been reached. Considering the diversity of clinical stages in which it occurs, atopic eczema presentation should be the starting point to determine whether or not skin prick tests should be carried out.
Antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of seven Cameroonian dietary plants against bacteria expressing MDR phenotypes
Authors: Seukep Jackson A , Fankam Aimé G , Djeussi Doriane E , Voukeng Igor K , Tankeo Simplice B , Noumdem Jaurès AK , Kuete Antoine HLN , Kuete Victor
Published: July 2013

The morbidity and mortality caused by bacterial infections significantly increased with resistance to commonly used antibiotics. This is partially due to the activation of efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria. The present work designed to assess the in vitro antibacterial activities of seven Cameroonian dietary plants (Sesamum indicum, Sesamum radiatum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Corchous olitorius, Cyperus esculentus, Adansonia digitata, Aframomum kayserianum), against multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria over expressing active efflux pumps. The standard phytochemical methods were used to detect the main classes of secondary metabolites in the extracts. The antibacterial activities of the studied extracts in the absence or presence of an efflux pump inhibitor (PAβN) were evaluated using liquid microbroth dilution method. The results obtained indicated that apart from the extract of C. esculentus, all other samples contained alkaloids, phenols and polyphenols meanwhile other classes of chemicals were selectively present. The studied extracts displayed antibacterial activities with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values ranged from 64 to 1024 μg/mL on the majority of the 27 tested microbial strains. The extract of S. indicum was active against 77.77% of the tested microorganisms whilst the lowest MIC value (64 μg/mL) was recorded with that of A. kayserianum against E. aerogenes EA294. The results of the present work provide baseline information on the possible used of the tested Cameroonian dietary plants in the treatment of bacterial infections including multi-drug resistant phenotypes.
Experimental characterization of the human non-sequence-specific nucleic acid interactome
Authors: Dürnberger Gerhard , Bürckstümmer Tilmann , Huber Kilian , Giambruno Roberto , Doerks Tobias , Karayel Evren , Burkard Thomas R , Kaupe Ines , Müller André C , Schönegger Andreas , Ecker Gerhard F , Lohninger Hans , Bork Peer , Bennett Keiryn L , Superti-Furga Giulio , Colinge Jacques
Published: July 2013

Background

The interactions between proteins and nucleic acids have a fundamental function in many biological processes, including gene transcription, RNA homeostasis, protein translation and pathogen sensing for innate immunity. While our knowledge of the ensemble of proteins that bind individual mRNAs in mammalian cells has been greatly augmented by recent surveys, no systematic study on the non-sequence-specific engagement of native human proteins with various types of nucleic acids has been reported.

Results

We designed an experimental approach to achieve broad coverage of the non-sequence-specific RNA and DNA binding space, including methylated cytosine, and tested for interaction potential with the human proteome. We used 25 rationally designed nucleic acid probes in an affinity purification mass spectrometry and bioinformatics workflow to identify proteins from whole cell extracts of three different human cell lines. The proteins were profiled for their binding preferences to the different general types of nucleic acids. The study identified 746 high-confidence direct binders, 139 of which were novel and 237 devoid of previous experimental evidence. We could assign specific affinities for sub-types of nucleic acid probes to 219 distinct proteins and individual domains. The evolutionarily conserved protein YB-1, previously associated with cancer and drug resistance, was shown to bind methylated cytosine preferentially, potentially conferring upon YB-1 an epigenetics-related function.

Conclusions

The dataset described here represents a rich resource of experimentally determined nucleic acid-binding proteins, and our methodology has great potential for further exploration of the interface between the protein and nucleic acid realms.
The role and potential therapeutic application of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in TNBS-induced colitis
Authors: Guan Qingdong , Moreno Sem , Qing Gefei , Weiss Carolyn R , Lu Lina , Bernstein Charles N , Warrington Richard J , Ma Yanbing , Peng Zhikang
Published: July 2013

MDSCs, a heterogeneous population of cells that expand during many pathogenic conditions, have remarkable abilities to suppress T cell responses. Their role in murine colitis, induced by TNBS and therapeutic application, remains unclear. Murine colitis was induced through intrarectally administrating TNBS, twice. MDSCs in spleen and colonic LPMCs were identified using flow cytometric analysis. In adoptive transfer, MDSCs were isolated from spleen after TNBS challenges by using microbeads or generated in vitro by coculturing bone marrow cells with HSCs and then transferred into naïve mice. Two hours later, mice were then challenged with TNBS, once/week for 2 weeks. The mice were killed four days after the second TNBS delivery, and intestinal inflammation and cytokine levels and MDSC percentages were evaluated. The percentages of CD11b+Gr-1+MDSCs and subsets (CD11b+Ly6C+ and CD11b+Ly6G+MDSCs) were increased in spleen and/or colonic LPMCs in colitis mice and also correlated with the severity of intestinal inflammation. MDSCs isolated from colitis mice suppressed the proliferation of splenocytes in vitro. Adoptive transfer of MDSCs, isolated from colitis mice or generated in vitro, decreased intestinal inflammation, levels of IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF, and percentages of spleen MDSCs when compared with controls. MDSCs that have inhibitory function in vitro and in vivo are increased and correlated with intestinal inflammation, suggesting that they may be used as a biomarker of disease activity and a cell-based biotherapy in IBD.
TLR3 impairment in human newborns
Authors: Slavica Lucija , Nordström Inger , Karlsson Merja Nurkkala , Valadi Hadi , Kacerovsky Marian , Jacobsson Bo , Eriksson Kristina
Published: July 2013

Newborns are highly susceptible to viral infections. We hypothesized that this susceptibility could be due to a dysregulated expression of innate virus-sensing receptors, i.e., TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 and the cytosolic receptors retinoic acid-inducible gene I, melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5, protein kinase R, and IFN-γ-inducible protein 16. Cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) expressed mRNA for all these receptors except for TLR3. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), TLR3 mRNA was preferentially expressed in cytotoxic cells, particularly CD56dim NK cells. Cord NK cells in contrast showed low TLR3 mRNA expression and lacked TLR3 protein expression. Cord NK cells did not produce IFN-γ in response to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], whereas strong IFN-γ production was observed in poly(I:C)-stimulated adult NK cells. Cord NK cells had poor cytotoxic function that was only marginally enhanced by exposure to the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C). Opposite to NK cells from adults, their cytotoxicity was not improved by herpes simplex virus (HSV) exposure and they were unable to kill HSV-infected cells. There were no differences in the TLR3 mRNA levels among men, women, and pregnant women, implying that TLR3 is not under sex hormone control. However, decidual NK cells expressed low levels of TLR3 mRNA, which was attributed to their CD56bright phenotype. Our data show that cord blood NK cells have deficient TLR3 expression associated with an inability to respond to poly(I:C) and HSV activation and to kill HSV-infected cells. This might explain why newborns are particularly sensitive to neonatal HSV infections.
Contracts for Agents with Biased Beliefs: Some Theory and an Experiment
Authors: Sautmann Anja
Published: July 2013

This paper experimentally tests the predictions of a principalagent model in which the agent has biased beliefs about his ability. Overconfident workers are found to earn lower wages than underconfident ones because they overestimate their expected payoff, and principals adjust their offers accordingly. Moreover, the profit-maximizing contract distorts effort by varying incentives according to self-confidence, although only the most successful principals use this strategy. These findings have implications for the labor market; in particular, self-confidence is often correlated with gender, implying that principals would prefer to hire men over women simply because they are more overconfident. (JEL D82, D83, D86)
Homophily in Peer Groups
Authors: Baccara Mariagiovanna , Yariv Leeat
Published: July 2013

The focus of this paper is the endogenous formation of peer groups. In our model, agents choose peers before making contributions to public projects, and they differ in how much they value one project relative to another. Thus, the group's preference composition affects the type of contributions made. We characterize stable groups and find that they must be sufficiently homogeneous. We also provide conditions for some heterogeneity to persist as the group size grows large. In an application in which the projects entail information collection and sharing within the group, stability requires more similarity among extremists than among moderate individuals. (JEL D03, D71, D82, D83)
Physical activity and physical fitness of the Lubelski Third Age Univeristy students in their opinion
Authors: Książek Piotr , Staniak Justyna , Szczepanik Natalia , Kamiński Maciej , Okoński Piotr
Published: July 2013

Introduction. The increasing number of older people determines the necessity to activate them socially and physically. Research should be carried out to find if this particular social group leads a healthy lifestyle. Physical activity is one of its determinants and it influences maintaining good physical and psychical form.
Aim. The aim of this survey was to present subjective physical activity level of the students of the Third Age University in Lublin.
Material and methods. The study was conducted at the Third Age University in Lublin among 85 students aged above 55 years. The students were examined with a questionnaire.
Results. Most of the students of the Lubelski Third Age University are active people. Fifty per cent of respondents exercise at university classes. Among active people, 80% exercise also at home. Mostly preferred form of activity is gymnastics (31%). It was also indicated that age can influence the opinion about personal health state. The biggest group of respondent (40%) evaluating it as good were 55-64 year-old students. However, the oldest age group (75-84 years old) is most satisfied of their physical form.
Conclusions. The students of the Lubelski Third Age University are physically active. The students can maintain their fitness thanks to a wide offer of the university, which is the health-favoring environment and which can help with learning pro-health habits.
Emergency nephrological interventions – most frequent reasons for inpatient treatment
Authors: Gałecka Anna , Ekkert Michał , Nowakowska-Zajdel Ewa , Kozowicz Andrzej , Muc-Wierzgoń Małgorzata , Kokot Teresa
Published: July 2013

Introduction. Kidney diseases represent a significant medical and social issue. Modern medicine has made immense progress in the process of diagnostics and treatment of the said diseases. However, the effective prophylactics and possibly the promptest medical assistance in cases demanding emergency nephrological intervention remain the key questions here.
Aim. The purpose of this paper was to assess the reasons for emergency admissions of patients with kidney diseases to hospital and determine the scale of emergency interventions at the nephrological department.
Material and methods. The research was carried out based on the analysis of a retrospective group of 3334 patients of Independent Public University Hospital No 1 in Zabrze, who checked in the nephrology emergency room throughout the years 2005-2010. The research included adults with nephrological ailments, both dialyzed and non-invasively treated. The admission indications were presented in 14 categories.
Results. Approximately 50% of patients admitted to the Nephrological Department were of both sexes, in the 18-93 age group (average age – 56). The most frquent reason for emergency interventions was the condition qualifying for renal replacement therapy (18.3%). Patients with systemic ailments accompanying renal diseases constituted 14.2%, 12.8% patients had hemodialysis catheter dysfunction, 11.8% – patients with dialysis related acute peritonitis; 11.1% – were hemodialyzed patients with pathological symptoms of other systems; 14.7% – were hemodialized patients with similar ailments. Patients admitted with acute renal failure accounted for 4.3%, while 2.8% of all the patients admitted to the emergency room had urinary tract infections. Other rare cases in the patients admitted represent ca. 10%.
Conclusions.
The number of emergency nephrological interventions was ca. 50% compared to the total number of patients and no declining tendency has been observed.
The number of male patients hospitalized for lifesaving reasons exceeded the number of female patients. The most frequent causes for hospitalization were sepsis symptoms in male patients and urinary tract infections in female patients.
The highest rate of causes demanding emergency nephrological assistance includes qualifications for renal replacement therapy.
Development of Wave Turbine Emulator in a Laboratory Environment
Authors: Vinatha U. , Vittal K P.
Published: July 2013

Wave turbine emulator (WTE) is an important equipment for developing wave energy conversion system. The emulator reflects the actual behavior of the wave turbine by reproducing the characteristics of real wave turbine without reliance on natural wave resources and actual wave turbine. It offers a controllable test environment that allows the evaluation and improvement of control schemes for electric generators. The emulator can be used for research applications to drive an electrical generator in a similar way as a practical wave turbine. This article presents the development of a WTE in a laboratory environment and studies on the behavior of electrical generator coupled to the emulator. The structure of a WTE consists of a PC where the characteristics of the turbine are implemented, ac drive to emulate the turbine rotor, feedback mechanism from the drive and power electronic equipment to control the drive. The feedback signal is acquired by the PC through an A/D converter, and the signal for driving the power electronic device comes from the PC through a D/A converter.
Ensino com pesquisa: uma estratégia formadora para alunos de pós-graduação em medicina
Authors: Rodrigues Maria das Graças Villela , Gonçalves Manuel Domingos da Cruz
Published: July 2013

OBJETIVO: promover e observar, de forma participativa, uma atividade científica acompanhada de uma renovação didático-metodológica que desenvolvesse a atitude científica e, ao mesmo tempo, proporcionasse o estudo sobre a atualização dos conhecimentos pedagógicos dos médicos que atuam como docentes em faculdades de medicina. MÉTODOS: alunos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cirurgia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, de duas turmas consecutivas, realizaram uma pesquisa, na qual entrevistaram aleatoriamente 150 professores-médicos que atuam em faculdades de Medicina do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo foi estruturado em três etapas: definição do conteúdo investigativo; realização de entrevistas, mediante pesquisa de campo e discussão dos resultados. RESULTADOS: a maioria dos professores-médicos entrevistados (85%) afirma conhecer as tendências atuais da educação, mas, ao expressar o pensamento, deixam dúvidas sobre o real conhecimento do assunto. As aulas expositivas foram utilizadas por 90% dos entrevistados e os demais (10%) utilizaram outras estratégias de ensino para transmitir os conteúdos. Somente 52% dos médicos afirmaram já ter ouvido falar sobre a Resolução CNE/CES nº 04/2001. CONCLUSÃO: a atividade de ensino com pesquisa desafiou os estudantes como investigadores preparando-os para a pesquisa e construção de atitudes científicas necessárias na pós-graduação, auxiliando-os na solução do problema investigado. Os resultados destacam que as respostas obtidas na entrevista não foram precisas para caracterizar a dimensão real da atualização pedagógica dos professores médicos.
Contribuições a um pensar sociológico sobre a deficiência
Authors: Piccolo Gustavo Martins , Mendes Enicéia Gonçalves
Published: July 2013

O artigo, erigido mediante processo de revisão literária, objetiva apresentar as contribuições do grupo londrino denominado Disability Studies, arcabouço teórico pouco conhecido em terras brasileiras e cujos textos possibilitam uma transformação nuclear na maneira de interpretar a deficiência, ao abordá-la como produto da insensibilidade da sociedade capitalista em incorporar as diferenças nas suas mais distintas esferas, portanto, obra de complexa discriminação institucional para a qual a única resposta apropriada é a ação revolucionária sobre a estrutura que nos circunscreve.