bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined use of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin fluorescence sensors for quantification and differentiation of phytoplankton: a useful approach for small surface water bodies
Authors: Rozina Tinkara , Eleršek Tina , Zupančič Justin Maja , Meglič Andrej
Published: August 2023

Sensors based on in vivo measurements of photosynthetic pigments fluorescence enable real-time phytoplankton monitoring with high spatial and temporal resolution. A combination of chlorophyll a (CHL) and phycocyanin (PC) fluorescence sensors was used for phytoplankton quantification and differentiation in two small water bodies, Koseze Pond and pond in Hotinja vas. The high correlation of CHL and PC fluorescence signals with biovolume was confirmed during the two-year monitoring in anatural pond environment in spite of a seasonal succession of the phytoplankton. Additionally, disturbances of the sensors were investigated. Water bodies containing predominantly algae yielded false positive signals of the PC sensor, which reached up to 1% of the intensity of the CHL signal. Similarly, underestimated counts of cyanobacteria measured with CHL fluorescence sensor can be adjusted using PC fluorescence sensor.
Fitness evaluation of Oenopia conglobata contaminata (Menetries) (Col.: Coccinellidae) fed on different diets
Authors: Hassani Fatemeh , Shirvani Asghar , Rashki Maryam
Published: August 2023

Due to the importance of coccinellid predators as biological control agents of insect pests, the effects of different factitious and artificial diets on reproductive parameters of Oenopia conglobata contaminata (Menetries) were studied under laboratory conditions (26±1ºC, 60±5% relative air humidity and a photoperiod of 16h light : 8 h dark). In this study, various combinations of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) eggs, bee pollen, cysts of Artemia urmiana Günther and lyophilized artificial diet were used. All diets affected fitness parameters of the ladybeetle. The adult weight (12.00±1.30 mg), fecundity (725±29.31 eggs), oviposition rate (15.72±0.85 eggs), fertility (4.86±0.34 larvae) and number of egg clusters (66.16±2.87) were higher on unlimited E. kuehniella eggs plus pollen (UEkP) than those on the other diets. The adults lived longer when fed on EkPLd (the E. kuehniella eggs plus pollen and a mixture of lyophilized diet) and UEkP diets (58.57±2.38 and 62.77±3.64 days, respectively) than when fed on the other offered diets. More eggs were hatched when adults reared on EkPLd and EkLd (the E. kuehniella eggs plus a mixture of lyophilized diet) diets(36.44±1.93 and 40.01±2.58 %, respectively). The parameter values were increased when the E. kuehniella eggs were used in a mix with bee pollen and artificial lyophilized diet and resulted in producing the heavier adults with longer longevity and more fertile eggs. Certainly, the diet will be more cost-effective than natural prey for mass production of the predatory coccinellid, O. conglobata contaminata.
Effects of different environmental and sampling variables on the genotyping success in field-collected scat samples: a brown bear case study
Authors: Skrbinšek Tomaž
Published: August 2023

The paper investigates how different field conditions and sample characteristics influence genotyping success in field-collected brown bear scat samples. Genotyping performance of 413 samples collected in a pilot study in southern Slovenia was evaluated, andstatistical modelling was used to control confounding between pre- dictor variables and to quantify their specific effects ongenotyping success. The best predictors of genotyping success were subjectively estimated scat age, sampling month, and contents of ascat. Even when the other confounded variables were controlled for, genotyping success dropped rapidly with the age estimate, from 89% (82-94%) for 0-day scats to 33% (19-52%) for scats estimated to be 5 days old. Sampling month was also an important predictor, and samples collected during the bear hyperphagia period in late summer/autumn performed considerably better (90%,78-96%) than the samples collected in spring / early summer (66%, 57-74%). This effect was stronger for fresh than for older samples. Effects of different food types were also considerable, but less important for practical use. Since noninvasive genetic sampling already became the key method for surveying wild populations of many species, efficiency of studies is becoming increasingly important. Understanding the effect of the month of sampling allows the field season to be timed for maximum genotyping success, while subjective scat age provides a useful metric that indicates a sample’s viability for genotyping, allowing for prioritization of samples and culling of non-viable samples before resources are wasted for their analysis. This provides higher useful data yields per invested resources and may ultimately lead to better study results.
Crown stratification ratio models for Tectona grandis L. f in Oluwa Forest reserve, Nigeria
Authors: Temitope Faleye Omobolanle , Aderemi Akomolede Lucas , Kehinde Ajayi Olalekan , Philips Akinsulire Opeyemi
Published: August 2023

This research investigated crown ratio models for Tectona grandis plantation in Oluwa Forest reserve (Ondo State, Nigeria) using variables of slenderness coefficient and merchantable height. With three non-linear regression functions - logistic, Chapman-Richard and exponential we showed that basal area, tree stem volume and mean tree height per hectare were of high significance. In the same vein, there were fewer tree species in the class of higher diameter and height than there were in lower class. There were also more trees in the co-dominant and intermediate classes than in the dominant and suppressed layers. The lack of emergence in the plantation reflected the past disturbance of the ecosystem. Most of the tree growth variables were significantly different in different canopy layers in the study area. Based on the evaluation models, the three functions investigated for tree crown ratio modeling gaveconstant and reliable results in all canopy layers considering their indices. Especially, Chapman-Richard and exponential functions gave consistent trends and good fits for crown ratio models. It is recommended to put strict measures in place to avert any level of illegalities that may likely disrupt the delicate equilibrium of the ecosystem. It is also recommended that complexity revealed in this study is sustained in the region, and encouraged in other parts of Nigeria.
Umetni podvodni grebeni in umetnost možnega
Authors: Turk Tom
Published: August 2023

V številnih evropskih državah so umetni podvodni grebeni (UPG) dobro sprejet način za povečevanje lokalne biodiverzitete. Ideja o umestitvi UPG na dno slovenskega morja je stara 25 let. Ta ideja še vedno ni realizirana, kljub jasnim dokazom, da imajo UPG pozitiven vpliv na lokalno morsko okolje in biocenozo, kar nam sporočajo izkušnje z italijanske strani Tržaškega zaliva. Zaradi različnih vzrokov tako na uresničitev postavitve prvega UPG v slovenskem morju še vedno čakamo. Prepričani smo, da bi bile take potopljene strukture pomemben substrat za naselitev (repopulacijo) morskih habitatov z bentoškimi vrstami, ki zaradi občasnih hipoksij in anoksij na morskem dnu množično poginjajo.
Nikotinski acetilholinski receptor kot farmakološka tarča pri pljučnem raku
Authors: Kononenko Veno , Bele Tadeja , Novak Sara , Križaj Igor , Drobne Damjana , Turk Tom
Published: August 2023

Rak pljuč je zelo razširjena oblika raka z nizko stopnjo preživetja. Kajenje tobaka predstavlja glavni dejavnik tveganja za razvoj raka pljuč, saj v tobačnem dimu najdemo veliko rakotvornih snovi. Nikotin, ki sicer ni opredeljen kot rakotvoren, je glavna komponenta tobaka odgovorna za zasvojenost, poleg tega pa raziskave nakazujejo, da neodvisno od ostalih komponent tobaka v telesu sproži različne učinke, ki vplivajo na razvoj in napredovanje raka. Kot agonist nikotinskih acetilholinskih receptorjev (nAChR) nikotin spodbuja proliferacijo celic, preprečuje njihovo apoptozo, ter igra pomembno vlogo pri pospeševanju angiogeneze in zasevanju rakavih celic. Antagonisti nAChR, ki bi zavirali proliferacijo rakavih celic ter spodbujali njihovo apoptozo, predstavljajo velik terapevtski potencial. Trenutno je znanih le malo antagonistov nAChR, pri katerih je bila protirakava učinkovitost že raziskana, poleg tega pa po večini tudi niso dovolj selektivni ligandi za podvrste nAChR, ki se prekomerno izražajo v celicah pljučnega raka, zato je pričakovati škodljive stranske učinke. V izogib slednjim, se išče načine za ciljano dostavo antagonista nAChR do rakavih celic. Precej obetajo nanodostavni sistemi, ki omogočajo prednostni vnos aktivne učinkovine v celice raka. V našem članku predstavljamo najnovejše dosežke razvoja zdravil za zdravljenje pljučnega raka na osnovi antagonstov nAChR, dostavljenih na mesto delovanja s pomočjo nanodelcev.
Reverses in Gender Salary Gaps Among STEM Faculty: Evidence from Mean and Quantile Decompositions
Authors: Wilcox Virginia , Forhad Md. Abdur Rahman
Published: August 2023

This research examines the gender salary gap in STEM and nonSTEM disciplines at a public research university. We estimate earnings regressions for female and White male faculty members as a whole as well as for those working in STEM departments. Controlling for productive characteristics and field salary differentials, we perform mean and quantile decomposition analyses to identify potential salary inequities. We observe no gender salary gap for analyses of mean or median monthly salary. However, our salary quantile analyses for STEM departments indicate there are positive effects for women in top quantiles and negative effects for women in low quantiles compared to White male peers, other things equal. This implies that highly paid female academics working in STEM departments were better rewarded than their White male peers, but female academics at the lower end of the salary distribution were not paid on par with their White male peers.
A review of safety test methods for new car assessment program in Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Halimi Siti Nur Atiqah , Rasmana Susijanto Tri , Adiputra Dimas , Yahya Wira Jazair , Rahman Mohd Azizi Abdul , Ariff Mohd Hatta Mohammed , Husain Nurulakmar Abu , Kassim Khairil Anwar Abu
Published: August 2023

Vehicles with advanced active safety technology can decrease the significant traffic accidents that can lead to death. This active safety frontier falls under primary safety in the European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) 2025 Roadmap, which has become one of the overall safety rating initiatives toward safer vehicles. Some frontier active safety technologies will be assessed, including autonomous emergency steering (AES) and autonomous emergency braking (AEB). However, the New Car Assessment Program in Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN NCAP) only focuses on AEB technologies. Hence, this work discusses the existing papers on AES assessment, AES demand, AES control, AES system with Artificial intelligence, and AES testing methodology. Three articles from the industry discussing the AES function in passenger automobiles were found as a result of an article search using the Google search platform. Other terminologies like emergency steering control and emergency steering assist are used instead of AES. However, the principle remains the same. The three categories have been recognized from all of the document results: road adhesion condition, driver condition identification, and rear-end collision. However, only the rear-end collision situations are further investigated in this work to recognize the currently available approach used by previous studies. According to the review findings, just a few AEB intervention systems are now accessible, while AES technology is still in its early phases. That might explain the lack of exact evaluations and effective remedies. As a result, this research aims to offer evidence supporting the proposed methodology for assessing and evaluating AES in the ASEAN NCAP rating scheme. Besides that, this study can also help industries such as automakers and automotive vendors leverage the guidelines to fit the AES in their future models.
Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and bio-computational modeling of imidazo, thieno, pyrimidopyrimidine, pyrimidodiazepene, and motifs as antimicrobial agents
Authors: El-Ahwany Maged F. , Assy Mohamed G. , Sherif Mohamed H. , Soliman Mohamed R. , Titi Abderrahim , Touzani Rachid , El-Gendey Marwa S. , Shehab Wesam S. , Abdellattif Magda H.
Published: August 2023

In the drug chemistry industry, synthesizing a talented exclusive series of aza-polyheterocyclic compounds was crucial. Aminopyrimidine nucleus reacted with two equivalents of benzaldehyde in the presence of KOH as a starting material to bring about imidazopyrimidine derivative, which experienced intermolecular cyclization using carbon disulfide, Br2/AcOH, and/or HNO2 to produce thiazole, thieno, and/or nitro pyrimidine derivative, respectively. Accordingly, the nucleus of Aminopyrimidine was prepared and used to develop the novel polyheterocyclic systems acylated with two moles of succinic anhydride to furnish the imidazolopyrimidine derivative. Benzylidene ethyl cyanoacetate and aminopyrimidine undergo (3 + 4) intermolecular cycloaddition 1,3 H shift followed by hydrolysis and after CO2 evolution provided diazepine derivative. The diazepine derivative was attained due to the cyclo-condensation of the starting material and acetylacetone. Moreover, the structure of the novel synthesized compound series was exploited and verified via spectroscopic approaches. The synthesized series were tested for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains and antifungal activity. The thienopyrimidine derivatives and diazepine exhibited unusual antimicrobial activity. Furthermore, the molecular docking studies confirmed the biological studies with Molecular Operating Environment and petro orisis molinspiration studies, which proved the activity of compounds 4, 5, 7, 10, 13, and 16.
The Effect of Social Capital on Perceived Stress: A Comparative Analysis of Employed and Non-Employed Women of Bangladesh
Authors: Masoom Muhammad Rehan
Published: August 2023

The current study examined how the level of perceived stress among women living in Dhaka varies by their degree of social capital and illustrated the relative significance of some of their sociodemographic statuses, such as employment status, marital status, education, and income level, with those variables of interest. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from a total of 485 women, 243 formally employed (having a tax identification number), and 242 non-employed (50 students and 192 homemakers). Apart from the demographic information, the questionnaire includes statements from Cohen’s perceived stress scale (PSS) and the Internet Social Capital Scale (ISCS). Results indicate that social capital substantially reduces perceived stress, with the effect being particularly apparent among non-employed and unmarried women. While unmarried women experience higher levels of stress compared to married ones, it appears that women’s perceived stress levels do not differ by employment status, education, or income. In addition, there is no significant variation in social capital by marital status or income level; however, it is observed that working women possess higher social capital compared to unmarried women. The study concludes that women’s employment can contribute to their social well-being by enhancing their social capital, but their perceived stress levels may not differ substantially because of their formal employment.
Distribution of the northern pampas cat, Leopardus garleppi, in northern South America, confirmation of its presence in Colombia and genetic analysis of a controversial record from the country
Authors: Astorquiza J. Milena , Noguera-Urbano Elkin A. , Cabrera-Ojeda Christian , Cepeda-Quilindo Belisario , González-Maya José F. , Eizirik Eduardo , Bonilla-Sánchez Alejandra , Buitrago Diana Lucía , Pulido-Santacruz Paola , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E.
Published: August 2023

The common name of pampas cat includes a complex of small Neotropical felid species found in various habitats of South America. Recently several species of this complex were proposed, but there are few records in the northernmost distribution of the continent, and reports of the pampas cat’s presence in Colombia have been ambiguous. Current northern limits of Leopardus garleppi are limited to the Andes of Ecuador. Here we present the northernmost record of the species, validating its presence in Colombia and review previous controversial records from the country. The new record is based on a road-killed specimen in a dry tropical forest ecosystem in the municipality of Mercaderes, Department of Cauca. Our morphological and genetic comparisons also shown that a previous record from Colombia supported by a single skin recently used to described a new species named Leopardus narinensis belong to Leopardus tigrinus. With the information compiled from new localities in Colombia and Ecuador, the known distribution range for L. garleppi is increased towards the northern part of South America into areas of Tropical Dry Forest. The distribution now includes 14 ecoregions from Colombia to Bolivia, and four in Colombia (Eastern Cordillera real montane forests, Northwestern Andean montane forests, Northern Andean paramo, and the Patía Valley dry forests), which correspond to similar ecosystems inhabited by the species in other Andean landscapes. The potential distribution hypothesis showed that the species has high suitability in large areas of southwestern Colombia (Nariño). With the recording of L. garleppi in Colombia, the number of extant felid species in the country has increased to seven.
Calycosin protects against chronic prostatitis in rats via inhibition of the p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway
Authors: Wang Heng , He Lei , Liu Zhaofei , Xu Xiangjun , Zhang Haitao , Mao Pengfei , Li Ming
Published: August 2023

Currently, the effect and molecular mechanism of calycosin, the main active ingredient of Qinshi Simiao San, which can alleviate chronic prostatitis (CP), on CP remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the potential mechanism of action of calycosin in CP in a rat CP model. The prostate tissue morphology was evaluated based on hematoxylin–eosin staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to evaluate inflammatory cytokine and immune factor levels (secretory immunoglobulin A [SIgA]; immunoglobulin G [IgG]) in prostate tissues and serum. Additionally, representative biomarkers of oxidative stress, including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were detected using detection kits, and reactive oxygen species release was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK)/NF-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway was analyzed by western blotting. The results showed that calycosin substantially ameliorated the pathological damage to prostate tissues of the CP rats. Moreover, calycosin significantly downregulated interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IgG, and SIgA levels. Furthermore, we found that calycosin considerably suppressed oxidative stress and inhibited the activation of the p38MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with CP. In summary, our findings revealed that calycosin protects against CP in rats by inhibiting the p38MAPK/NF-κB pathway.
Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on early growth, root colonization, and chlorophyll content of North Maluku nutmeg cultivars
Authors: Sulistiono Wawan , Aji Himawan Bayu , Handoko Sigid , Lase Jonathan Anugrah , Suryanti Suryanti , Apriyana Yayan , Rizal Molide
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the agronomic traits of nutmeg transplanting by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation. The low-fertility soil of Sofifi North Maluku was subjected to a slow early growth stage of nutmeg cultivars. A completely randomized design was used in the experiment. The first factor was three different AMF doses: 0, 4, and 8 g seedlings−1. The second factor consisted of three cultivars: “Ternate 1,” “Tobelo 1,” and “Makian.” Root colonization and agronomic traits were measured 28 weeks after inoculation and transplantation. Results showed that AMF inoculation increased the AM colonization by 2.5–39.0%, significantly increased the leaf area (LA) (p < 0.01) in all cultivars, and interacted with cultivars to increase chlorophyll a (Chl a) (p < 0.05), chlorophyll b (Chl b) (p < 0.01), and total Chl (p < 0.01). Cultivars “Makian” showed the highest Chl (188.4%) at 8 g seedling−1 doses of AMF that were significantly (p < 0.01) different from the cultivar “Tobelo 1” at the same dose. The largest mycorrhizal response was found in the cultivar “Ternate 1” (biomass increase of 30–37.0%). The cultivar “Ternate 1” produced the largest LA (36.7–106.9%) and shoot dry weight (27.8–45.8%) that were significantly (p < 0.01) different from the other cultivars. The percentage of AM colonization was strongly determined (R
2 = 0.88) by Chl a, Chl b, and K content in leaves. This technology is a breakthrough to increase LA and plant biomass in the early growth stage of nutmeg cultivation.
What's the Deal with Sophists? Critical Thought and Humor in Ancient Philosophy and Contemporary Comedy
Authors: Fogel Jeremy
Published: August 2023

While committed to the argumentative and reasoned discourse recognizable in the work of contemporary professional philosophers, the actual practice that both Socrates and Diogenes routinely engaged in was in many ways more similar to stand-up and other forms of contemporary performative comedy. This paper analyzes the commonalities between Socrates’s and Diogenes's public philosophizing in Ancient Greece and performative comedy in the contemporary world, and emphasizes the subversive rhetorical efficiency and skeptical significance of public irony for their audiences. The paper begins by exploring the ways in which ancient philosophers relied on irony and humor to promote skepticism and critical thinking, analyzes contemporary comic performances that seem similar, and concludes with reflections on the varieties of philosophical activity and experience.
Coordination versus separation: difference of gapping between Chinese and English and its prosodic attribution
Authors: Ma Baopeng , Zhang Di
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we have analyzed a whole set of data of gapping in Mandarin Chinese from a novel point of view and fleshed out a bi-sentential derivation analysis for the formation of this construction. While taking the canonical gapping in English as a reference, we have explored some idiomatic properties of the relevant structures in Chinese and summarized core differences: the gapping constructions in English follow a strict rule of sentence grammar while those of Chinese have demonstrated kind of inter-sentential effect. We propose that such differences can be attributed to the prosodic factors: The Constraint on Sentential Intonation in Chinese (CSIC for short), firstly proposed in Feng (Feng, Shengli. 2017. Hanyu jufa zhongyin yudiao xianghu zuoyong de yufa xiaoying. ‘On grammatical effects of interactions between intonation, stress and syntax’.Yuyan Jiaoxue yu Yanjiu[Language Teaching and Linguistic Study] (1). 1–15), bans the occurrence of the coordinate [VP & VP] structures, and thus two parallel but separate sentences are used in the contexts where a sentence with VP coordination in English is used. Then, the verb in the second sentence is deleted at PF under the identity condition. Consequently, the gapping structures thus formed demonstrate their own unique properties and are different from the canonical gapping in English. The result of our discussion indicates that prosody can play a role in accounting for language specificities as well as cross-linguistic variations.
Investigation for Mutation in BMPR-1B (FecB) Fecundity Gene in Awassi Sheep
Authors: GEDIK YASEMIN
Published: August 2023

Reproduction related traits in sheep such as ovulation rate and litter size are traits of high economic importance but as these traits are only expressed in one sex and in mature animals, thus inclusion of them in selection strategies is limited. Therefore, studying genes associated with reproductive events provides genotypic data, which is more useful in genetic improvement of sheep in a short period of time. Such reproductive traits in sheep are genetically controlled by genes having both additive and major effects. Booroola is the first gene identified in Booroola Merino sheep in Australia has major effects on ewe’s reproduction and has gained much popularity in sheep breeding for its immense economic value. Booroola or Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor -1B (BMPR-1B) gene is in chromosome 6 and FecB allele is the result of a single mutation in this gene where one copy of this allele results in a significant increase in ovulation rate thus outcome as increased lambing per parturition. The Awassi sheep is an indigenous breed of Turkey and identifying major genes for fecundity could greatly improve their breeding program. To identify the FecB gene in Awassi sheep, 88 blood samples were taken, and DNA was extracted by salting out method. After PCR amplification and AvaΠ digestion, the samples were analyzed for FecB mutation and all of 88 samples were found not to carry the mutant allele (FecB).
The Quality of Silage and Yield in Hungarian Vetch and Forage Crops and Rye Intercropping System
Authors: çopur doğrusöz medine , Mut Hanife , Başaran Uğur , Gülümser Erdem
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study was to determine silage yield and quality of Hungarian vetch/forage pea (V/P) with rye (R) mixed in an intercropping system that provides maximum level of faulting from the field. The field experiment was conducted in 2021-2022 to examine the effects of different binary sowing ratio (20:80%R/P, 40:60%R/P, 60:40%R/P; 80:20%R/P; 20:80%R/V, 40:60%R/V, 60:40%R/V; 80:20%R/V, 100%R, 100%P, 100%V) in 3 replications. The treatments were harvested in July 2022 for silage, and hay yield and fresh yield were determined in the intercropping treatments before ensiling. On the same day, silages were filled by the same mix ratios in plastic cans. After fermentation, the dry matter ratio, pH, sucrose, crude protein, ADF, NDF, mineral matters and organic acid were defined in silages. Before ensiling the highest fresh and dry yield were obtained from 80:20%R/P. Yield values were decreased by increase of rye ratio in the mix. The dry matter, crude protein, lactic acid formation, the inhibition of undesirable micro‐organisms and nutritional quality has been improved in rye silages prepared with H. vetch and F. pea contribute. Consequently, the combinations of the H. vetch and F. pea contribute to rye silage are complementary, and the intercropping of the binary combination made profitable forage yield and silage quality, according to sole treatments. The positive effects in the investigated parameters are in all mixed ratios, but, 80:20R/P, 60:40R/P and 80:20R/V silages were more superior to the others.
You Code It! Hospital Care for a 16-Year-Old Girl
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: August 2023

This coding scenario examines the case of a 16-year-old girl who presents to the emergency department (ED). Can you determine the appropriate diagnosis and procedure codes for the following scenario?
AVALIAÇÃO DOS PROGRAMAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO GERENCIAL DA UNICAMP: 2004-2017
Authors: Rovigati Mônica , Bin Adriana
Published: August 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar e discutir a percepção de diferentes atores dos Programas de educação corporativa voltados aos gestores e gerentes da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP) implementados no período de 2004 a 2017 e as contribuições dos seus participantes para a modernização da gestão universitária e para a profissionalização dos serviços oferecidos. A pesquisa baseou-se em análise documental sobre histórico, contexto e estratégias de desenvolvimento dos servidores da Universidade no período estudado, em aplicação de questionário para obtenção da percepção dos participantes sobre os Programas e em entrevistas realizadas com seus idealizadores e com a alta administração da Universidade, visando compreender as motivações e os contextos de concepção e implantação dos diferentes Programas do período. Para isso, utilizamos os conceitos de educação corporativa propostos por Éboli et al. (2010), Allen e McGee (2005) e Meister (1999) e de avaliação dos seus resultados, de Kirkpatrick e Kirkpatrick (2013), amplamente utilizados na concepção de programas de desenvolvimento de colaboradores. A pesquisa, que combinou elementos quantitativos e qualitativos, em um estudo exploratório do caso da UNICAMP, identificou diferentes conceitos de educação corporativa nas diretrizes e ações planejadas para os Programas, identificando também algumas fragilidades, especialmente no seu monitoramento e na avaliação efetiva dos seus resultados. No entanto, mesmo com algumas etapas do planejamento não executadas, consideramos que tais Programas foram um marco importante para a profissionalização dos servidores, contribuindo para a promoção da modernização da gestão da Universidade no período estudado.
Phycopick protocol for isolating single phytoplankton cells v1
Authors: M Moreno Carly
Published: August 2023

Interactions between bacteria and eukaryotic phytoplankton have major influences on marine ecosystems and the global carbon cycle. Metabolite exchanges between specific bacteria and phytoplankton species result in beneficial or antagonistic associations that influence the physiology and productivity of both groups and occur within the microenvironment of the phytoplankton host, termed the phycosphere. Current sampling techniques to study these interactions are limited to sampling batch cultures or large-volume seawater, which obscures distinction between phycosphere associated bacteria and free-living bacteria. Single-cell isolation methods, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), have been used to isolate phytoplankton and bacteria; however, FACS only enables isolation of bacteria tightly associated with phytoplankton cells but not those loosely associated or ones that track the phycosphere using chemotaxis. Such techniques also are not amenable to large phytoplankton cell sizes or chains. Here, we present a step-by-step protocol for the isolation of phytoplankton cells and the bacteria within their phycosphere using the PhycoPick, a microosmotic pump manufactured to enable robust micro-isolation and transfer of small particles without pulsation. The PhycoPick is able to isolate volumes in the pico-to-nanoliter range, which is ideal for capturing bacteria in the phycosphere while avoiding capturing free-living bacteria. The phycospheres are carefully isolated through intuitive manipulation of the micropump inflow and outflow controls to enable the isolation of a single phytoplankton cell or chain along with the small volume of water surrounding it. These phycospheres can then be used for downstream analyses, including phytoplankton cultivation, bacterial enumeration and cultivation, amplicon and shotgun metagenomics sequencing of these communities, and targeted metabolomics of phycosphere metabolites using mass spectrometry. The PhycoPick is a powerful system to query the interactions between these microeukaryotic hosts and their bacteria in culture or microbial communities in aquatic environments.
The Anniversary Study – 20 years of Clavien-Dindo Classification & 10 years of Comprehensive Complication Index® v1
Authors: Abbassi Fariba
Published: August 2023

Outcome reporting of surgical procedures was revolutionized in 2004 with the introduction of the Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification.1 This 5-scale grading system offers an objective, simple, reliable, and reproducible way of recording complications, and has gained wide acceptance among the international surgical community. With over 27’000 citations the original paper has become the most cited article in the surgical literature. In 2013, another milestone in surgical outcome reporting was introduced, the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI®).2 The CCI® is based on the Clavien-Dindo system and is the first metric, which captures the entire postoperative morbidity as a numeric scale from 0-100 from the day of surgery until most complications are expected to have occurred or beyond. Both systems have gained wide acceptance and are routinely used in many centers. However, users have been challenged with many questions over the years mostly on how to rank some postoperative events. Now, after 20 and 10 years of working with these two well established outcome reporting systems, it is time for a critical evaluation.
Genç Basketbol Oyuncularında İzometrik Orta Uyluk Çekme Testinin Güvenirliği
Authors: ÇELİK Hüseyin , MAVİLİ Caner , YILMAZ Ekrem , ÜNVER Evrim , ÖZTÜRK Ferhat , BULUT Süleyman , ARPINAR AVSAR Pınar , CİNEMRE Ş. Alpan
Published: August 2023

Bu deneysel çalışmanın amacı genç basketbol oyuncularında izometrik orta uyluk çekme testi sırasında elde edilen maksimal kassal kuvvet değerlerinin güvenirliğini araştırmaktır. 15 katılımcı birer hafta arayla iki seansta, izometrik orta uyluk çekme testine katıldı. Her ölçüm, taşınabilir bir kuvvet platformu üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Ölçümler sonucunda üç farklı maksimal kassal kuvvet ölçütü hesaplandı: mutlak zirve kuvvet, normalize zirve kuvvet ve allometrik olarak ölçeklendirilmiş zirve kuvvet. Her bir ölçüt için gün içi ve günler arası dört farklı güvenirlik istatistiği, korelasyon katsayısı, değişim katsayısı, standart ölçüm hatası ve ölçümsel olarak saptanabilir minimum değişiklik, hesaplandı. Mutlak zirve kuvvet için hem gün içi (0,96) hem de günler arası (0,91) korelasyon katsayısı değeri 0,90 üzerinde ve değişim katsayısı %10’un altındadır. Her bir ölçüt için gün içi değişim katsayısı %3,14 iken günler arası için %8,67 seviyesinde oldu. Gün için standart ölçüm hatası 62,03 N iken günler arası için 71,97 N’dur. Önerilen izometrik orta uyluk çekme testi sonuç ölçütlerinden mutlak zirve kuvvet, yüksek gün içi ve günler arası korelasyon katsayısı ve düşük standart ölçüm hatası ve değişim katsayısı seviyeleri verdi. Genç basketbol oyuncularında, izometrik orta uyluk çekme testi sırasında elde edilen mutlak zirve kuvvet, maksimal kassal kuvveti, hem akut hem de uzun süreli izleme ve antrenman etkisi bakımından değerlendirmek için kullanılabilir. Normalize ve allometrik olarak ölçeklendirilmiş zirve kuvvet ölçütleri mutlak zirve değerden türetilse bile güvenirlikleri aynı seviyede olmayabilir.
Subaltern Counterpublics in Global Politics
Authors: Herborth Benjamin
Published: August 2023

Publics have traditionally been conceived as sites of social integration. While discord, controversy, and contestation may be acknowledged, theorising publics and especially public spheres are characteristically geared toward the production of consensus and/or the conditions of the possibility of unified decision-making. On this view, publics beyond the nation-state are reduced to conceptual extensions of the nation-state—The move to a higher level of aggregation, imagined as global or international, seems to make no conceptual difference. Against this, I propose to conceptualize publics as sites of the constitution of social struggles. To this end, I introduce Nancy Fraser’s concept of “subaltern counterpublics,” previously applied exclusively to national contexts, to the study of global politics. With a view to future empirical application, I discuss three promising sites for the further study of subaltern counterpublics in global politics: colonial public spheres, transnational social activism, and the circulation of extreme right-wing conspiracy tropes. Taken together, I conclude, these three sites of inquiry provide an important corrective to a statist concept of the public in which the place, purpose, and direction of publics are always already taken for granted.
Evaluation of dermatology consultations requested for inpatients in a tertiary institution from Türkiye
Authors: HIZLI Pelin , SEVGİLİ Mehmet Enes , KILIÇ Arzu
Published: August 2023

Objective: To investigate and present the features of the consultations requested for inpatients in a tertiary institution retrospectively.

Method: Archive of our tertiary institution located in the South Marmara Region of Turkiye was reviewed and every single consultation responded by Dermatology Department was investigated.

Results: The mean age of the 421 consulted patients (191 females, 230 males) was 62 ± 17 (1-95) years. The most frequently consultation requesting departments were Cardiology (18.8%), Neurology (11.4%) and Physical medicine and Rehabilitation (8.3%). The most common lesions resulting in consultation were rashes (22.3%), erythematous lesions (14.5%) and wounds (14%). The most common dermatologic diagnoses were contact dermatitis (10.7%), tinea pedis (8%) and cellulitis (5.2%). Among 421 patients, 62 (14.7%) patients required a histopathologic diagnosis and underwent biopsy. Most frequent histopathologic diagnoses were non-specific findings 14 (22.6%), basal cell carcinoma (12.9%), maculopapular drug reaction (12.9%) and contact dermatitis (9.7%).

Conclusion: The perspective of interdisciplinary approach leads physicians request dermatology consultations frequently for inpatients particularly having systemic diseases and reviewing and reporting the features of consulted patients periodically might provide a satisfactory contribution to the current literature.
Surveillance of urine cultures and evaluation gram negative uropathogens;five year data from Erbil
Authors: SADEQ Mohammed , GHAFOUR Hevi , DEMİRAY Tayfur , ALTINDİŞ Mustafa
Published: August 2023

Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are most common infectious disease and a public health problem that imposes a large economic burden. Determining the distribution and resistance profiles of uropathogens in a region is important for planning empirical treatments, preventing antimicrobial drug resistance and establishing rational antibiotic use policies. The aim of this study is to gather surveillance data of urine cultures and determine the prevalence of uropathogens in urine samples of patients referred to outpatient clinics in Erbil region and to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the gram negative uropathogens.

Methods: All urine cultures result of patients referred to Erbil hospitals in the last 5 years (2015-2020) are retrospectively examined in this study. Microorganisms are identified by standard bacterial methods and their susceptibilities are assessed by VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France) automated system.

Results: The results of urine culture of 3380 suspected UTI cases are examined and out of 3097 positive cultures observed, a total of 1961 (63.3%) isolates are gram-negative and 1136 (36.7%) are gram-positive pathogens.

Conclusion: The most common urinary pathogen determined in this study is Escherichia coli. The highest resistances of gram-negative urinary pathogens are against the ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ceftriaxone. It is thought that the data obtained from this study will be useful in the planning of empirical treatment of urinary tract infections and in the development of rational antibiotic use policies.
Determination of 25 hydroxyvitamin D reference ranges in Hatay region by indirect method
Authors: OĞUZMAN Hamdi , DOĞAN Serdar
Published: August 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the reference ranges of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels from the serum 25(OH)D results of the patients and to investigate variations across age and gender groups.

Methods: The patients (n=26829) who applied to Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Hospital between January 2018 and December 2019 and whose 25(OH)D levels were studied were included in this retrospective study. Serum 25(OH)D levels were studied by the chemiluminescence immunoassay method. The hospital information management system was used to obtain the test results and patient data. The indirect method was used to determine the reference ranges.

Results: The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in the patients participating in this study was 60.9% in the general population, 54.9% in men, and 67.5% in women. It has been observed that 25(OH)D deficiency is more common in women than in men. The reference ranges determined in this study were lower than the reference ranges provided by the manufacturer.

Conclusion: In this study, 25(OH)D levels and reference ranges of Hatay Region were determined in a very large population. It can be said that the results of our region will contribute to the studies to be carried out on the determination of 25(OH)D levels and reference ranges throughout the country.
Tradisi Petik Laut sebagai Sumber Ide Pembuatan Motif Batik Tulis Khas Kabupaten Situbondo
Authors: Faradila Nita Dian , Ponimin Ponimin , Rini Denik Ristya
Published: August 2023

Kabupaten Situbondo merupakan salah satu wilayah di Jawa Timur, yang memiliki pusat pemerin­tahan di Kecamatan Situbondo. Secara geografis, wilayah ini yang terletak di pesisir utara pulau Jawa. Dari hasil laut yang melimpah di Kabupaten Situbondo itu memiliki tradisi “Petik Laut”. Petik laut merupakan upacara yang dilaksanakan secara turun temurun dari nenek moyang. Upacara tersebut bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan rasa syukur nelayan atau masyarakat pesisir pantai atas hasil laut yang melimpah. Pencipta mengambil budaya tersebut untuk dijadikan sebagai motif batik khas dari Kabupaten Situbondo, karena pencipta ingin mengeksplor kebudayaan tersebut dan menambah motif batik Kabupaten Situbondo agar lebih berfariatif. Proses penciptaan ini menggunakan metode kreatif, diawali dengan tahap eksplorasi dengan melakukan wawancara dan observasi, merancang karya, eksplorasi teknik, perwujudan karya dan diakhiri dengan proses analisis karya. Dari konsep tersebut, pencipta memvisualisasikan kepada 6 karya batik tulis yang berukuran 115 × 200cm. Karya batik tulis ini memiliki konsep “Ka’atora saghârâ” diambil dari Bahasa madura yang memiliki arti ‘untuk laut’, enam karya batik tulis bertema tradisi petik laut ini memiliki judul Parao Lajhâr, Sè Utama, Tèra’na Malèm, Dèri Tana, Bighi Kaodi’en, Karapo Macan.
Kata kunci: batik tulis; Petik Laut; Situbondo; metode kreatif
Tradition of Petik Laut as A Source of Manufacture Ideas Situbondo Regency Special Written Batik Motif
Situbondo Regency is one of the areas located in East Java, which has a government center in Situbondo District. Geographically, this area is located on the north coast of the island of Java. From the abundant marine products in Situbondo Regency, it has a tradition of "Petik Laut". Petik laut is a ceremony that has been passed down from generation to generation. The ceremony aims to express the gratitude of fishermen or coastal communities for the abundant marine products. The creators took this culture to be used as a typical batik motif from Situbondo Regency, because the creators wanted to explore this culture and add Situbondo Regency batik motifs to make it more varied. The creation process uses the creativ method starting with the exploration stage by conducting interviews and observations, designing the work, exploring techniques, embodiment of the work and ending with the process of analyzing the work. From this concept, the creator visualizes 6 sized batik creations 115 × 200cm. This written batik work has the concept of "Ka'atora saghârâ" taken from Madura language which means "For the Sea", six written batik works with the theme of the petik laut tradition have the title Parao Lajhâr, Sè Utama, Tèra’na Malèm, Dèri Tana, Bighi Kaodi’en, Karapo Macan.
Keyword: batik tulis; Petik Laut; Situbondo; creative method
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Maze terhadap Kerja Sama Tim dan Kemampuan Kosakata Bahasa Arab Siswa Kelas V Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri
Authors: Tasya Afifah Mutiara , Alfan Muhammad
Published: August 2023

Faktor yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V di MIN 2 Kota Pasuruan memiliki keterbatasan akses terhadap sumber belajar, keterbatasan pengetahuan mereka tentang kata-kata bahasa Arab, dan kurangnya kemampuan kerja sama tim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interaksi siswa kelas V MIN 2 di Kota Pasuruan dengan media Maze dan kosakata bahasa Arab mereka. Sebanyak 29 siswa kelas V dari MIN 2 Kota Pasuruan dijadikan sebagai partisipan penelitian. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian praeksperimen dengan rancangan one group pretest-posttest design. Observasi, wawancara, tes, dan kuesioner adalah beberapa teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan. Alat penelitian meliputi angket, tes tertulis, aturan observasi, dan prosedur wawancara. Kuesioner dengan indikator tanggung jawab, kontribusi, dan instruksi digunakan untuk mengeva­luasi kerja sama tim. Sementara itu, pretest dan posttest digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan bahasa Arab siswa. Setelah perlakuan, temuan penelitian menunjukkan T1 sebesar 58 persen dan T2 sebesar 69 persen. Sebaliknya, kerja sama tim, seperti yang diungkapkan oleh jawaban kuesioner, mendapat skor 91 persen dalam kategori baik menurut tanggapan survei. Hasilnya, dapat disimpul­kan bahwa penggunaan media Maze pada siswa kelas V MIN 2 Kota Pasuruan terhadap kerja sama tim dan kemampuan kosakata bahasa Arab terbukti berpengaruh positif.
Kata kunci: media Maze, kerja sama tim, kosakata bahasa Arab
The Influence of Using Maze Media on Teamwork and Arabic Vocabulary Ability of Class V Student’s State Islamic Elementary School
Background factors for this study are the class V pupils in MIN (State Islamic Elementary School) 2 Pasuruan City's limited access to learning resources, their limited knowledge of Arabic words, and their lack of teamwork abilities. This study aims to determine labyrinth media affects group work and Arabic language skills in Class V MIN 2 Pasuruan City. The study involved 29 students in class V. A one-group pretest-posttest experimental pre-experimental research design was used in this investigation. Tests, interviews, and observation are the methods used to acquire data. The research tools included questionnaires, written tests, observation rules, and interview procedures. In the meantime, the pretest and posttest were used to gauge students' Arabic language abilities. Question­naires with indicators of responsibility, contribution, and instructions were used to evaluate teamwork. After therapy, the study's findings showed a T1 of 58 percent and a T2 of 69 percent. However, 91 percent of respondents rated teamwork as excellent in the questionnaire results, which are known. Thus, it can be said that the employment of labyrinth media to instruct students in Pasuruan City's class V MIN 2 was successful about collaboration and Arabic vocabulary skills has had a favorable impact.
Keywords: Maze media, teamwork, arabic vocabulary