bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genkwadaphnin inhibits growth and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking DHCR24-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid rafts formation
Authors: Wu Jie , Guo Ling , Qiu Xiaoran , Ren Yong , Li Feifei , Cui Wei , Song Shaojiang
Published: September 2020

Background

The liver is the central organ for cholesterol homoeostasis, and its dysfunction might cause liver pathological alterations including hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). 3β-hydroxysteroid-Δ24 reductase (DHCR24), a crucial enzyme of cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, is involved in lipid rafts formation. Genkwadaphnin (GD) is a daphnane diterpene isolated from the flower buds of Daphne genkwa Siebold et Zuccarini (Thymelaeaceae).

Methods

We evaluated in vitro and in vivo effect of GD using HCC cells and BALB/c nude mice. Microarray assays were used to identify the differential genes by GD. DHCR24 expression and activity, cholesterol level, lipid rafts structure and the role of DHCR24 in human HCC specimens were tested by various molecular biology techniques.

Results

High expression of DHCR24 in human HCC specimens was correlated with poor clinical outcome. Interfering DHCR24 altered growth and migration of HCC cells. GD inhibited growth and metastasis of HCC cells both in vivo and in vitro. GD suppressed DHCR24 expression and activity, as well as DHCR24-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis and lipid rafts formation, then further inhibited HCC cell invasion and migration.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that DHCR24-mediated cholesterol metabolism might be an effective therapeutic strategy in HCC, and natural product GD might be a promising agent for HCC therapy.
Correction: Prediction of breeding values for group-recorded traits including genomic information and an individually recorded correlated trait
Authors: Ma Xiang , Christensen Ole F. , Gao Hongding , Huang Ruihua , Nielsen Bjarne , Madsen Per , Jensen Just , Ostersen Tage , Li Pinghua , Shirali Mahmoud , Su Guosheng
Published: September 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Stokes–Mueller method for comprehensive characterization of coherent terahertz waves
Authors: Chai Xin , Ropagnol Xavier , Mora Luis. Sanchez , Raeiszadeh S. Mohsen , Safavi-Naeini Saffiedin , Blanchard François , Ozaki Tsuneyuki
Published: September 2020

Ideally, the full characterization of coherent terahertz (THz) pulses would provide information on the amplitude and direction of its THz electric field, in space and in time, with unlimited dynamic range. Here, we propose and demonstrate a new approach based on the Stokes–Mueller formalism. Our approach can measure the full temporal and spatial variation of coherent THz fields, as well as its polarization state with a high dynamic range. This method employs a simple configuration, using a polarization state analyzer after the electro-optic sampling crystal. This technique could allow high sensitivity due to its ability to use thick detection crystals, which also would lead to improved spectral resolution by allowing longer scans in the time domain.
Photoperiodic effects on monoamine signaling and gene expression throughout development in the serotonin and dopamine systems
Authors: Siemann Justin K. , Williams Piper , Malik Turnee N. , Jackson Chad R. , Green Noah H. , Emeson Ronald B. , Levitt Pat , McMahon Douglas G.
Published: September 2020

Photoperiod or the duration of daylight has been implicated as a risk factor in the development of mood disorders. The dopamine and serotonin systems are impacted by photoperiod and are consistently associated with affective disorders. Hence, we evaluated, at multiple stages of postnatal development, the expression of key dopaminergic (TH) and serotonergic (Tph2, SERT, and Pet-1) genes, and midbrain monoamine content in mice raised under control Equinox (LD 12:12), Short winter-like (LD 8:16), or Long summer-like (LD 16:8) photoperiods. Focusing in early adulthood, we evaluated the midbrain levels of these serotonergic genes, and also assayed these gene levels in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) with RNAScope. Mice that developed under Short photoperiods demonstrated elevated midbrain TH expression levels, specifically during perinatal development compared to mice raised under Long photoperiods, and significantly decreased serotonin and dopamine content throughout the course of development. In adulthood, Long photoperiod mice demonstrated decreased midbrain Tph2 and SERT expression levels and reduced Tph2 levels in the DRN compared Short photoperiod mice. Thus, evaluating gene × environment interactions in the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems during multiple stages of development may lead to novel insights into the underlying mechanisms in the development of affective disorders.
Cross-sectional study of Staphyloccus lugdunensis prevalence in cats
Authors: Bierowiec Karolina
Published: September 2020

Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a commensal bacterium in humans and other animals that can cause serious infections. The aim of this research was to estimate the frequency of S. lugdunensis in pet cats and to characterize the S. lugdunensis isolates obtained. The prevalence of S. lugdunensis was 0.77% (4/523) in healthy cats and 1.23% (1/81) in sick cats. The isolates (N = 5), which colonized conjunctival sacs, nares, and the anus, were almost fully phenotypically sensitive to antibiotics, but harbored resistance genes to four chemotherapeutic groups. Their sequence types (STs) included ST2, ST3, ST9, and ST15. There was detected a far lower prevalence of S. lugdunensis in pet cats than is reported in the human population. Nevertheless, the phenotypic and genotypic properties of S. lugdunensis isolates found in the current study were very similar to those described previously in isolates of human origin.
Magneto-mechanically actuated microstructures to efficiently prevent bacterial biofilm formation
Authors: Leulmi Pichot S. , Joisten H. , Grant A. J. , Dieny B. , Cowburn R. P.
Published: September 2020

Biofilm colonisation of surfaces is of critical importance in various areas ranging from indwelling medical devices to industrial setups. Of particular importance is the reduced susceptibility of bacteria embedded in a biofilm to existing antimicrobial agents. In this paper, we demonstrate that remotely actuated magnetic cantilevers grafted on a substrate act efficiently in preventing bacterial biofilm formation. When exposed to an alternating magnetic field, the flexible magnetic cantilevers vertically deflect from their initial position periodically, with an extremely low frequency (0.16 Hz). The cantilevers’ beating prevents the initial stage of bacterial adhesion to the substrate surface and the subsequent biofilm growth. Our experimental data on E. coli liquid cultures demonstrate up to a 70% reduction in biofilm formation. A theoretical model has been developed to predict the amplitude of the cantilevers vertical deflection. Our results demonstrate proof-of-concept for a device that can magneto-mechanically prevent the first stage in bacterial biofilm formation, acting as on-demand fouling release active surfaces.
Highly efficient gene transfer in the mouse gut microbiota is enabled by the Incl2 conjugative plasmid TP114
Authors: Neil Kevin , Allard Nancy , Grenier Frédéric , Burrus Vincent , Rodrigue Sébastien
Published: September 2020

The gut microbiota is a suspected hotspot for bacterial conjugation due to its high density and diversity of microorganisms. However, the contribution of different conjugative plasmid families to horizontal gene transfer in this environment remains poorly characterized. Here, we systematically quantified the transfer rates in the mouse intestinal tract for 13 conjugative plasmids encompassing 10 major incompatibility groups. The vast majority of these plasmids were unable to perform conjugation in situ or only reached relatively low transfer rates. Surprisingly, IncI2 conjugative plasmid TP114 was identified as a proficient DNA delivery system in this environment, with the ability to transfer to virtually 100% of the probed recipient bacteria. We also show that a type IV pilus present in I-complex conjugative plasmids plays a crucial role for the transfer of TP114 in the mouse intestinal microbiota, most likely by contributing to mating pair stabilization. These results provide new insights on the mobility of genes in the gut microbiota and highlights TP114 as a very efficient DNA delivery system of interest for microbiome editing tools.
A three-dimensional CoNi-MOF nanosheet array-based immunosensor for sensitive monitoring of human chorionic gonadotropin with core–shell ZnNi-MOF@Nile Blue nanotags
Authors: Lu Wenbo , Chen Zi-Ang , Wei Ming , Cao Xiaowei , Sun Xuping
Published: September 2020

A sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for HCG detection based on a CoNi-MOF nanosheet-array and Nile Blue@ZnNi-MOF spheres is successfully exploited.
Rhodium-catalyzed coupling of arenes and fluorinated α-diazo diketones: synthesis of chromones
Authors: Yao Jiayi , Kong Lingheng , Li Xingwei
Published: September 2020

Rh(iii)-Catalyzed synthesis of chromones using arenes and fluorinated diazo reagents via C–H activation, carbene insertion, and uncatalyzed intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
A computational study of Tat–CDK9–Cyclin binding dynamics and its implication in transcription-dependent HIV latency
Authors: Wang Huiwen , Song Linlu , Zhou Ting , Zeng Chen , Jia Ya , Zhao Yunjie
Published: September 2020

HIV relies on its own protein Tat to hijack the CDK9–Cyclin complex for transcription. We propose a computational framework to quantify Tat mutation's impact by analyzing the CDK9–Cyclin interface and ATP pocket reorganization dynamics.
Tunable electronic properties and Schottky barrier in a graphene/WSe2 heterostructure under out-of-plane strain and an electric field
Authors: Zhang Rui , Hao Guoqiang , Ye Xiaojun , Gao Shangpeng , Li Hongbo
Published: September 2020

Tuning the electrical transport behavior and reducing the Schottky barrier height of nanoelectronic devices remain a great challenge.
Cost, performance prediction and optimization of a vanadium flow battery by machine-learning
Authors: Li Tianyu , Xing Feng , Liu Tao , Sun Jiawei , Shi Dingqin , Zhang Huamin , Li Xianfeng
Published: September 2020

An innovative machine learning methodology was presented to optimize and predict the efficiencies and costs of vanadium flow battery systems.
Effect of AuBr3 additive on the scintillation properties of BaBr2:Eu and Cs2LiLaBr6:Ce
Authors: Moretti Federico , Yuan Dongsheng , Perrodin Didier , Bourret Edith
Published: September 2020

The removal of vacancy-related defects by addition of AuBr3 to the melt during crystal growth impacts the performance of BaBr2:Eu and Cs2LiLaBr6:Ce very differently.
Determination of thermodynamic functions and structural parameters of NpO2+lactate complexes
Authors: Maiwald M. M. , Müller K. , Heim K. , Trumm M. , Banik N. L. , Rothe J. , Dardenne K. , Skerencak-Frech A. , Panak P. J.
Published: September 2020

This work is a detailed spectroscopic and quantum chemical study on the complexation of Np(v) with the α-hydroxy carboxylate lactate giving information on the complex stoichiometries and thermodynamics (log β, ΔH, ΔS).
Full and gradient structural colouration by lattice amplified gallium nitride Mie-resonators
Authors: Jang Jaehyuck , Badloe Trevon , Sim Young Chul , Yang Younghwan , Mun Jungho , Lee Taejun , Cho Yong-Hoon , Rho Junsuk
Published: September 2020

An array of gallium nitride Mie-scatterers is employed for the first time to produce full and gradients of colour.
Confined interfacial micelle aggregating assembly of ordered macro–mesoporous tungsten oxides for H2S sensing
Authors: Zhao Tao , Fan Yuchi , Sun Ziqi , Yang Jianping , Zhu Xiaohang , Jiang Wan , Wang Lianjun , Deng Yonghui , Cheng Xiaowei , Qiu Pengpeng , Luo Wei
Published: September 2020

3D hierarchically porous WO3 has been constructed through confined interfacial micelle aggregating assembly approach. Owing to unique porous structure and crystalline frameworks, the obtained material shows excellent performance for detection of H2S.
MOF-derived Co9S8polyhedrons on NiCo2S4nanowires for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Yu , Ma Zhenlin , Niu Haoting , Yang Qingjun , Jia Hong , Shi Weidong
Published: September 2020

MOF-derived Co9S8polyhedron coating on NiCo2S4nanowires prepared by anin situcontrollable method showed superior electrochemical performance in hybrid supercapacitors.
New frontiers in the transition-metal-free synthesis of heterocycles from alkynoates: an overview and current status
Authors: Khan Imtiaz , Zaib Sumera , Ibrar Aliya
Published: September 2020

This review highlights the successful utilization of transition-metal-free approaches for the modular assembly of various heterocycles from alkynoates.
Learning to see in 3D with two eyes: the role of experience, plasticity and neurochemistry
Authors: Ip Betina , Bridge Holly
Published: September 2020

Humans, along with other predators, have forward-facing eyes which restrict the area of the world that can be seen when compared to animals with eyes on the side of the head. Why would we sacrifice this panoramic vision? The answer is the very precise ability that having two eyes with overlapping and slightly different viewpoints provides to determine fine differences in depth. While interpreting this type of ‘binocular depth’ appears effortless, the precise calculations necessary for perceiving binocular depth require significant computational power in the cerebral cortex and the fine tuning of neurochemical interactions. This processing occurs in the visual regions of the brain and must be honed through early experience for accurate performance. By considering each stage of binocular processing and the neurochemical interactions required for integrating signals from the two eyes, we can begin to understand how the inherent ability of the brain to learn might help us when binocular vision goes wrong.
Data-Informed Guideposts for Decision Making in Enhanced Conversational Recast Treatment
Authors: Hall Jessica , Plante Elena
Published: September 2020

Background

To maximize treatment efficiency, it would be useful to determine how long to continue a treatment approach before concluding that it is not effective for a particular client, whether and when generalization of treatment is likely to occur, and at what point to end treatment once a child is approaching mastery.

Method

We analyzed aggregate data from 117 preschoolers with developmental language disorder from a decade of treatment studies on Enhanced Conversational Recast therapy to determine whether the timing of treatment response impacts its overall effectiveness and whether certain levels of accuracy during treatment enable 100% accurate generalization after treatment ends.

Results

We found that children who take longer than 10 days to answer one item correctly during treatment are unlikely to ever respond to the treatment approach. Generalization accuracy closely followed treatment accuracy, suggesting the two are tightly linked for this treatment method. We did not find evidence that attaining a certain level of accuracy below 100% during treatment enabled children to generalize with 100% accuracy after treatment ended.

Conclusions

Clinicians using Enhanced Conversational Recast treatment can use these markers to help make evidence-based decisions in their practice regarding how long to continue treatment. Importantly, these data suggest that stopping treatment before a child has attained 100% accuracy (for at least three sessions) does not ensure that a child will ever reach 100% accuracy on their own.
Asymmetric cascade multilevel inverter with self‐balanced switched‐capacitor unit and single source
Authors: Ye Yuanmao , Lin Mingliang , Wang Xiaolin
Published: September 2020

The technique of single‐source cascaded H‐bridge multilevel inverter (MLI) has been reported in previous works. In this study, a self‐balanced series/parallel switched‐capacitor (SC) is introduced to further develop this type of MLIs to generate more output levels. Each cascaded H‐bridge is fed by an SC unit. All components in each SC unit withstand the same voltage stress, but different SC units address different voltages. With this asymmetric feature, different H‐bridges are responsible for providing levels with different voltage intervals so that the cascaded MLI can generate numerous levels with a single dc source and fewer components. Compared with the conventional asymmetrical cascaded MLIs, just a single dc source is required, capacitors’ voltages are balanced automatically, high boosting ability and more output levels are achieved with SC technique in the proposed MLIs. To synthesise the output voltage as close as possible to sinusoidal shape but with less switching loss, comparative analysis of nearest level control and equal area criterion is provided to modulate the proposed MLI with 13‐level output. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MLI has high efficiency and low harmonics.
Design criterion and guidelines for three‐phase asymmetric coupled inductors in interleaving DC/DC converter for VRM in data centres and POL
Authors: Yang Yugang , Wu Yanqiu , Sun Xiaoyu , Han Xiaoqing
Published: September 2020

Multiphase interleaving buck DC/DC converters (BCs) with magnetically coupled inductors (CIs) have been researched to improve the performance of voltage regulator module (VRM) and point‐of‐load (POL). Commercial three or more phase CIs are asymmetric CIs (ACIs) offering unequal phase self‐inductance and unequal coupling between phases. By analysing the steady‐state current ripple and transient current response speed of three‐phase interleaving BCs with three‐phase ACIs, the design criterion and design guidelines for three‐phase ACIs are presented to simultaneously improve the steady‐state performance and transient performance of three‐phase interleaving BC with three‐phase ACIs. A three‐phase interleaving BC prototype with three‐phase ACIs is constructed. The experimental results show that three‐phase interleaving BC's steady‐state phase current ripple can reduce 45%, and its transient output current response speed can increase 63.9% simultaneously by using three‐phase ACIs instead of three‐phase discrete inductors, and with a smaller total core volume and higher efficiency. The results of this study can be used to design VRM in data centres and POL with smaller steady‐state phase current ripple, faster transient output current response speed, and higher efficiency.
Diagnosis method for open‐circuit faults of six‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system
Authors: Zhang ZhiFeng , Wu Yue , Qi SiYu
Published: September 2020

This study proposes a diagnosis method for open‐circuit faults of six‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor. When the open‐circuit fault occurs in the single‐bridge arm or the double‐bridge arm, wavelet transform extracts the trigger signal of fault, and the z 1 –z 2 plane current component is analysed. Seven kinds of fault modes are defined by analysing the characteristics of the scatter plot of the z 1 –z 2 plane current component. The fractal dimension of the z 1 –z 2 plane current component scatter plot is calculated to accurately quantify the fault modes. Moreover, 13 fault areas are defined by analysing the current centroid position of the z 1 –z 2 plane current component. First, the diagnosis of two particular kinds of fault modes is completed by selecting the fault area. Besides, the diagnosis of the remaining five kinds of fault modes is completed by combining the fault area and the fault mode. The conditions for judging all open‐circuit faults are summarised to establish a fault database. All the open faults can be diagnosed by searching the fault database by the proposed method. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by experiments.
Design, analysis, and implementation of a new high step‐up DC–DC converter with low input current ripple and ultra‐high‐voltage conversion ratio
Authors: Jabarullah Noor Hafidzah , Geetha Ettikkan , Arun Manoharan , Vakhnina Vera
Published: September 2020

In this study, the analysis and design of a coupled‐inductor (CL)‐based ultra‐high step‐up single‐switch DC–DC converter are presented. With the aid of the CL and voltage multiplier cell, the suggested topology can obtain ultra‐high‐voltage gain without a large turn ratio and extreme duty cycle. A passive clamp circuit is utilised in the structure of the introduced converter for not only alleviating voltage spike on the main switch effectively but also recycle the leakage inductance energy. So low‐voltage rating and low on‐state resistance metal oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor is allowed to increase efficiency and lower the conduction losses. The input current ripple of the suggested topology is very low due to connecting an inductor to the suggested structure input section, which is very friendly and desirable to the photovoltaic and fuel cell applications. The suggested converter steady‐state analysis, operation principle, theoretical efficiency analysis, and design procedure are described comprehensively in this study. Furthermore, the suggested converter superiority is illustrated over various alike recently introduced the most important DC–DC structures in the comparison study. Finally, a laboratory prototype is fabricated with a 225 W output power to confirm the theoretical analysis of the introduced converter.
Multiobjective optimal control of a non-smooth semilinear elliptic partial differential equation
Authors: Christof Constantin , Müller Georg
Published: September 2020

This paper is concerned with the derivation and analysis of first-order necessary optimality conditions for a class of multiobjective optimal control problems governed by an elliptic non-smooth semilinear partial differential equation. Using an adjoint calculus for the inverse of the non-linear and non-differentiable directional derivative of the solution map of the considered PDE, we extend the concept of strong stationarity to the multiobjective setting and demonstrate that the properties of weak and proper Pareto stationarity can also be characterized by suitable multiplier systems that involve both primal and dual quantities. The established optimality conditions imply in particular that Pareto stationary points possess additional regularity properties and that mollification approaches are – in a certain sense – exact for the studied problem class. We further show that the obtained results are closely related to rather peculiar hidden regularization effects that only reveal themselves when the control is eliminated and the problem is reduced to the state. This observation is also new for the case of a single objective function. The paper concludes with numerical experiments that illustrate that the derived optimality systems are amenable to numerical solution procedures.
Strangeness Photoproduction at the BGO-OD experiment
Authors: Jude Thomas , Alef Stefan , Bauer Patrick , Beck Reinhard , Braghieri Alessandro , Cole Philip , Di Salvo Rachele , Elsner Daniel , Fantini Alessia , Freyermuth Oliver , Ghio Francesco , Gridnev Anatoly , Hammann Daniel , Hannappel Jürgen , Kohl Katrin , Kozlenko Nikolay , Lapik Alexander , Levi Sandri Paolo , Lisin Valery , Mandaglio Giuseppe , Messi Roberto , Moricciani Dario , Nedorezov Vladimir , Novinsky Dmitry , Pedroni Paolo , Polonski Andrei , Reitz Björn-Eric , Romaniuk Mariia , Scheluchin Georg , Schmieden Hartmut , Sumachev Victorin , Tarakanov Viacheslav , Tillmanns Christian
Published: September 2020

The BGO-OD experiment at the ELSA accelerator facility uses an energy tagged bremsstrahlung photon beam to investigate the excitation structure of the nucleon. The setup consists of a highly segmented BGO calorimeter surrounding the target, with a particle tracking magnetic spectrometer at forward angles.

BGO-OD is ideal for investigating low momentum transfer processes due to the acceptance and high momentum resolution at forward angles. In particular, this enables the investigation of strangeness photoproduction where t-channel exchange mechanisms play an important role. This also allows access to low momentum exchange kinematics where extended, molecular structure may manifest in reaction mechanisms.

First key results at lowtindicate a cusp-like structure inK+Σ0photoproduction atW =1900 MeV, line shapes and differential cross sections for K+Λ(1405)→K+Σ0π0, and a peak structure inK0SΣ0photoproduction. The peak in theK0SΣ0channel appears consistent with meson-baryon generated states, where equivalent models have been used to describe thePCpentaquark candidates in the heavy charmed quark sector.
Exploring time like tranistions in pp, πp and AA reactions with HADES
Authors: Salabura Piotr , Adamczewski-Musch J. , Arnoldi-Meadows B. , Belounnas A. , Belyaev A. , Blanco A. , Blume C. , Böhmer M. , Borisenko S , Chlad L. , Chudoba P , Ciepał I. , Dittert D. , Dreyer J. , Esmail W. , Dürr M. , Fabbietti L. , Fateev S. , Fonte P. , Friese J. , Fröhlich I. , Förtsch J. , Galatyuk T. , Gernhäuser R. , Golosov O. , Golubeva M. , Greifenhagen R. , Guber F. , Gumberidze M. , Harabasz S. , Hensch R. , Höhne C. , Holzmann R. , Huck H. , Ierusalimov A. , Ivashkin A. , Kämpfer B. , Kampert K-H. , Kardan B. , Koenig I. , Koenig W. , Kornakov G. , Kornas F. , Kotte R. , Kozela A. , Kres I. , Kuboś J. , Kugler A. , Kulesa P. , Ladygin V. , Lalik R. , Lebedev A. , Lebedev S. , Linev S. , Lopes L. , Lorenz M. , Lykasov G. , Mahmoud T. , Malige A. , Markert J. , Matulewicz T. , Maurus S. , Metag V. , Michel J. , Morozov S. , Müntz C. , Naumann L. , Nowakowski K. , Otto J.-H. , Patel V. , Pauly C. , Pechenov V. , Pechenova O. , Petukhov O. , Pfeifer D. , Piasecki K. , Pietraszko J. , Prozorov A. , Przygoda W. , Pysz K. , Ramstein B. , Rathod N. , Reshetin A. , Ritman L. , Rodriguez-Ramos P. , Rost A. , Salabura P. , Scozzi F. , Seck F. , Selyuzhenkov I. , Shabanov I. , Singh US , Smyrski J. , Spies S. , Ströbele H. , Stroth J. , Stumm J. , Svoboda O. , Szala M. , Tlusty P. , Traxler M. , Ungethüm C. , Vazquez-Doce O. , Wagner V. , Weber A.A. , Wendisch C. , Wiebusch M.G. , Wintz P. , Wirth J. , Zhilin A. , Zumbruch P.
Published: September 2020

Radiative transition of an excited baryon to a nucleon with emission of a virtual massive photon converting to dielectron pair (Dalitz decays) provides important information about baryon-photon coupling at low q2 in timelike region. A prominent enhancement in the respective electromagnetic transition Form Factors (etFF) at q2 near vector mesons ρ/ω poles has been predicted by various calculations reflecting strong baryon-vector meson couplings. The understanding of these couplings is also of primary importance for the interpretation of the emissivity of QCD matter studied in heavy ion collisions via dilepton emission. Dedicated measurements of baryon Dalitz decays in proton-proton and pion-proton scattering with HADES detector at GSI/FAIR are presented and discussed. The relevance of these studies for the interpretation of results obtained from heavy ion reactions is elucidated on the example of the HADES results.
Hyperon Physics with PANDA at FAIR
Authors: Schönning Karin
Published: September 2020

Hyperons provide new angles on two of the most challenging problems in contemporary physics: a coherent and quantitative description of the strong interaction, and the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe. The production dynamics and the electromagnetic structure of strange hyperons, as well as hyperon spectroscopy, give insights into the strong interaction in the confinement domain. Furthermore, two-body decays of strange hyperons provide clean tests of CP symmetry, an essential piece to the matter-antimatter puzzle. The future experiment PANDA at FAIR offers unique possibilities to study different aspects of hyperons using antiproton beams. In particular, the hitherto almost unexplored multi-strange sector will be addressed. The expected large production cross sections of hyperons and the versatile, near 4πdetector design makes PANDA a veritable hyperon factory already from the first phase of operation. In these proceedings, the opportunities for hyperon physics with PANDA will be outlined. I will also address how we can benefit from the weak hyperon decays, that provide straight-forward access to the full spin density matrix.
Photoproduction of mesons and Compton scattering on the proton: Selected results from the A2 Collaboration at MAMI
Authors: Sokhoyan Vahe
Published: September 2020

The A2 Collaboration performs a manifold research program using real photons in the Crystal Ball/TAPS experiment at the MAMI accelerator facility in Mainz. The experiments take advantage of high- intensity unpolarized, linearly or circularly polarized photon beams, and unpolarized or polarized targets. The detector setup provides almost complete coverage in solid angle and is well suited for the detection of multi particle final states. In order to probe the internal structure of the nucleon, the spectrum of baryon resonances is studied via measurements of unpolarized cross sections and various polarization observables in single and double meson photoproduction. The program aiming to determine the scalar and spin polarizabilities of the nucleons with high precision is performed with the Compton scattering experiments. In 2017, the focal plane detector used in the tagging system of the Crystal Ball/TAPS experiment was completely renewed, allowing new measurements with unprecedentedly high precision. This paper presents recent selected results from the A2 Collaboration at MAMI.
Non-strange baryons (CLAS)
Authors: Strauch Steffen
Published: September 2020

Baryon spectroscopy is an essential tool in the study of nucleon resonances. The use of polarization observables can greatly clarify the spectrum of broad and overlapping nucleon excitations. The N* program with the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility includes experimental studies with linearly- and circularly-polarized tagged-photon beams, longitudinally- and transversely-polarized nucleon targets, and recoil polarizations. An overview of these experimental studies and recent results are presented.
Towards a combined analysis of inclusive/exclusive electroproduction
Authors: Hiller Blin Astrid N. , Chesnokov Vitaly V. , Mokeev Victor I.
Published: September 2020

In view of the major advances achieved by the CLAS experiments in studying theN* electroex citation amplitudes, as well as further extension of these studies in the experiments with CLAS12, we present an approach for the evaluation of the resonant contributions to inclusive electron scattering off protons. For the first time, the resonant contributions are determined from the experimental results onN* electrocouplings available from the data analyses of exclusive meson electroproduction off protons. This is a useful benchmark for future endeavours on understanding the transition region between low and high-energy regions, strongly related to tests on quark-hadron duality.
Role ofN*(1535) in the Λ+c→ K0ηpdecay and the possibleфpstate in the Λ+c→ π0фpdecay
Authors: Xie Ju-Jun , Geng Li-Sheng , Guo Feng-Kun
Published: September 2020

The nonleptonic weak decays of Λ+c→K0ηpand Λ+c→ π0фpare investigated from the viewpoint of probing theN*(1535) resonance and the possibleфpstate. For the Λ+c→K0ηpdecay, we study the invariant mass distribution ofηpwith both the chiral unitary approach and an effective Lagrangian model. Within the chiral unitary approach, theN*(1535) resonance is dynamically generated from the final state interaction of mesons and baryons in coupled channels. While for the effective Lagrangian model, we take a Breit-Wigner formula for theN*(1535) resonance. We found that the behavior of theN*(1535) resonance in the Λ+c→K0N*(1535) →K0ηpdecay within the two approaches is different. For the Λ+c→ π0фpdecay, we consider a triangle singularity mechanism, where the Λ+cdecays into theK*Σ*(1385), the Σ*(1385) decays into the π0Σ/Λ, and then the K*Σ/Λ merge to produce theфpin the final state. This mechanism produces a peak structure around 2020 MeV. In addition, the possibility that there is a hidden-strange pentaquark-like state is also considered by taking into account the final state interactions of K*Λ, K*Σ, andфp. We conclude that it is difficult to search for the hidden-strange state in this decay. However, we do expect nontrivial behavior in theфpinvariant mass distribution. The proposed Λ+cdecay mechanism here can provide valuable information on the properties of these nuclear resonances and can in principle be tested by experiments such as BESIII, LHCb and Belle-II.
Study of pp → 𝚵+ ΛK- with the PANDA Detector
Authors: Pütz Jennifer , Gillitzer Albrecht , Ritman James , Stockmanns Tobias
Published: September 2020

For a deeper insight into the mechanisms of non-perturbative QCD it is essential to understand the excitation pattern of baryons. Up to now only the nucleon excitation spectrum has been subject to systematic experimental studies, while very little is known on excited states of double or triple strange baryons.

In studies of antiproton-proton collisions the PANDA experiment is well-suited for a comprehensive baryon spectroscopy program in the multi-strange sector. A large fraction of the inelastic pp cross section is associated to final states with a baryon-antibaryon pair together with additional mesons, giving access to excited states both in the baryon and the antibaryon channel.

For final states containing a 𝚵+ 𝚵- pair, cross sections up to µb are expected, corresponding to production rates of ~ 106/d at a luminosity L = 1031 cm-2 s-1. This study focuses on excited 𝚵- states decaying into ΛK-. A strategy to reconstruct the reaction pp → 𝚵+ 𝚵* and its charge conjugate channel with the PANDA detector will be presented.
Immunité adaptative contre le virus SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Combadière Béhazine
Published: September 2020

Le rôle protecteur de la réponse immunitaire adaptative de l’hôte au cours de l’infection par le SARS-CoV-2 est devenu une question critique en l’absence d’un traitement spécifique, d‘un vaccin préventif ou d’une immunothérapie. Au cours de l’infection par le SARS-CoV-2, la réponse immunitaire contribuerait à la défense de l’hôte dans la majorité des cas, mais serait responsable de sa pathogénèse chez certains malades. Notamment, au cours des formes sévères, un déséquilibre entre les réponses immunitaires innée et adaptative pourrait être fatal. Au cours de la COVID-19, de nombreuses questions se posent sur la génération de l’immunité spécifique contre les diverses protéines du virus, la cinétique, la fonction des anticorps, ainsi que la qualité des réponses des lymphocytes effecteurs CD4+ et CD8+ pour la protection de l’hôte. L’étude bio-informatique des épitopes T et B des coronavirus a soulevé la question de l’immunité croisée entre le SARS-COV-2 et d’autres coronavirus sources d’infection bénigne ou responsables de pneumopathies graves telles que le MERS-CoV et le SARS-CoV. Dans cette revue, nous faisons le point sur les réponses immunitaires adaptatives au cours de la COVID-19 et leurs rôles potentiels dans la protection des personnes infectées.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided through-the-needle microforceps biopsy improves diagnostic yield for pancreatic cystic lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McCarty Thomas , Rustagi Tarun
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Given variable diagnostic yield of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs), a through-the-needle (TTN) microforceps biopsy device passed through a 19-gauge FNA needle has been devised to improve tissue sampling. This was a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the feasibility, diagnostic yield, and safety of EUS-guided TTN microforceps biopsy for diagnosis of PCLs.

Methods Individualized searches were developed in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. This was a cumulative meta-analysis performed by calculating pooled proportions with rates estimated using random effects models. Measured outcomes included pooled technical success, diagnostic yield, accuracy, and procedure-associated adverse events (AEs) as well as comparison to conventional FNA.

Results Eleven studies (n = 518 patients; mean age 64.13 ± 5.83 years; 58.19 % female) were included. Mean PCL size was 33.39 ± 3.72 mm with the pancreatic head/uncinate (35.50 %) being the most common location. A mean of 2.47 ± 0.92 forceps passes were performed with a mean of 2.79 ± 0.81 microbiopsies obtained per lesion. Pooled technical success was 97.12 % (95 % CI, 93.73–98.71; I2 = 34.49) with a diagnostic yield of 79.60 % (95 % CI, 72.62–85.16; I2 = 56.00), and accuracy of 82.76 % [(95 % CI, 77.80–86.80; I2 = 0.00). The pooled serious adverse event rate was 1.08 % (95 % CI, 0.43–2.69; I2 = 0.00). Compared to conventional FNA, TTN microforceps biopsy resulted in significant improvement in diagnostic yield [OR 4.79 (95 % CI: 1.52–15.06; P = 0.007)] and diagnostic accuracy [OR 8.69 (95 % CI, 1.12–67.12; P = 0.038)], respectively.

Conclusions EUS-guided TTN microforceps biopsy appears to be safe and effective for diagnosis of PCLs with improvement in diagnostic yield and accuracy when compared to FNA alone.
Was wissen wir über Demenz?
Authors: Scheel Jennifer , Gräßel Elmar , Donath Carolin
Published: September 2020

Die Versorgung von Menschen mit Demenzstellt Medizin und Wissenschaft vor einegroße Herausforderung. Da bis heute keinekurative Arzneimitteltherapie zur Verfügungsteht, kommt nichtpharmakologischen Präventions- und Therapiestrategien eine bedeutendeRolle zu. Ziel des Projekts „Opti-Dem“ – Optimierungsstrategien bei Demenz:Forschung zu Prävention, Therapieund Versorgung war es, das aktuelle Wissenüber Demenz in einer Forschungsplattformzu bündeln und zu bewerten und so die Vorbeugung, Behandlung und Versorgung vonMenschen mit Demenz zu verbessern.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection and tunneling procedures using a novel all-in-one bipolar device
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Chavan Radhika , Ramchandani Mohan , Tsiamoulos Zacharias , Basha Jahanqeer , Goud Rajesh , Darisetty Santosh , Reddy Nageshwar
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Recent innovations in devices and techniques have revolutionized the field of endoscopic resection procedures. In this study, we evaluated the safety and feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection and tunneling procedures with a novel, multipurpose bipolar device.

Patients and methods Data from consecutive patients who underwent per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER), and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) using a novel bipolar device (December 2019 to February 2020) were analyzed retrospectively. Procedure duration, technical success, and adverse events (AEs) were recorded.

Results A total of 10 procedures were performed using the novel bipolar device during the study period. The procedures included POEM (n = 7), STER for esophageal sub-epithelial tumor (n = 1), ESD for rectal polyp (n = 1), and gastric neuroendocrine tumor (n = 1). POEM was successfully completed in all patients. In patients who underwent STER and ESD, en-bloc resection was achieved in all. Mean procedure time for submucosal tunneling procedures (POEM and STER) was 59.12 ± 31.12 minutes. The procedures were completed without the requirement for exchange of accessories in eight cases (80 %). There were no major AEs. Mild and moderate AEs occurred during POEM and included capno-peritoneum (n = 1), retroperitoneal CO2 (n = 1), and empyema (n = 1).

Conclusion ESD and tunneling procedures can be safely performed without the need for exchange of accessories using a novel bipolar device. Randomized comparison with conventional knives isrequired to confirm the utility of this device.
Is sore throat an underreported and under-estimated quality indicator for endoscopic procedures? Results from a large prospective cohort
Authors: Kim Katherine , Gaddam Srinivas , Verula John , Lai Ellis , Dollentas Ashley , Hill Bee , Francis Sarah , Chess Shara , Lo Simon
Published: September 2020

Background and study aims Patients often develop sore throat after upper endoscopy procedures but there data are very limited on the magnitude of the problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate and identify independent risk factors of sore throat in patients undergoing endoscopy.

Patients and methods Data were collected prospectively on consecutive outpatient endoscopy procedures performed at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center from October 2018 to February 2019. Procedure nurses collected pre-procedure, intra-procedure, and immediate post-procedure surveys including evaluation of sore throat (pain scale from 1 – 10). Significant univariate variables (P < 0.05) were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results Data were collected on 715 patients. Four hundred seventy-two patients (mean age = 61 years, females = 53 %) were included in the analysis and 85 patients (18 %) experienced post-procedure sore throat. On univariate analysis, female gender, oral endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), oral double balloon enteroscopy (DBE), fellow involvement, throat suctioning, general anesthesia, oral airway, and prolonged procedure (> 30 minutes) were risk factors for sore throat (all P < 0.05). On the multivariate analysis, independent risk-factors for post-procedure sore throat were oral DBE (odds ratio [OR] 5.2), oral airway (OR 4.8), general anesthesia (OR 2.7), fellow involvement (OR 2.5), oral EUS (OR 2.4), and female gender (OR 2.0).

Conclusions Contrary to popular belief, our study found that post-procedural sore throat is more common (18 %) than previously reported. Two types of endoscopic procedures, two anesthesia maneuvers, female gender, and fellow involvement were all independent risk factors. This is of particular concern for interventionalists who perform EUS and oral DBE as these patients are at higher risk for sore throat.
Spermidin als Demenzprotektor
Authors: Madeo Frank , Eisenberg Tobias
Published: September 2020

Spermidin ist eine natürliche im Organismus vorkommendeSubstanz des Aminosäurestoffwechsels. In Untersuchungenkonnte eine Aktivierung der Autophagiedurch Spermidin gezeigt werden. Dieser zelluläre Recyclingprozesswird v.a. durch Fasten ausgelöst und hatbelegte gesundheitsfördernde Wirkungen.Experimentelle und klinische Studien geben vielversprechendeHinweise für einen möglichen Einsatz von Spermidinzur Demenzprävention. Eine klinische Studiekonnte eine Korrelation des Spermidinspiegels mit derkognitiven Leistungsfähigkeit zeigen. Eine weitere Untersuchungdeutet auf eine verbesserte Gehirngesundheitbei Spermidinaufnahme mit der Nahrung hin.Weitere Untersuchungen sind notwendig, um das Potenzialdieser körpereigenen Substanz insbesondere zurProtektion von Demenzerkrankungen zu erhärten.
Der alte Mensch in der Akupunkturpraxis
Authors: Wuttke Britta
Published: September 2020

Stützen und stärken lauten die Schlüsselwörterder chinesischen Medizin beim altenMenschen. Schlafstörungen, Herzschwäche, Schmerzen, aber auch Ängste und Schwächekönnen mit Akupunktur und Ernährung gelindertwerden. Die Funktionskreise Milzund Niere bilden die Basis der Behandlung.Die Autorin stellt bewährte Akupunkturpunktebei häufigen Beschwerden im Altervor, ergänzt durch Ernährungsempfehlungenauf der Grundlage der TraditionellenChinesischen Medizin.
Glucagon Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Alter Pancreatic and Hepatic Histology and Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in High-fat Diet Mouse Model
Authors: Fang Taiyong , Huang Siying , Chen Yongpeng , Chen Zongchi , Chen Jiangmu , Hu Weitao
Published: September 2020

Background Obesity is a major health problem worldwide, and non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease (NAFPD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are obesity-associated complications. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist, has been approved for treatment of obesity. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of liraglutide on the complications through its regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

Methods A high-fat diet mouse model was established in C57BL/6J mice. Two groups of mice were fed a high-fat diet with 60% fat for 16 weeks and control mice were fed standard chow. A four-week 0.6 mg/kg/day liraglutide treatment was started in one high-fat diet group after 12 weeks of the high-fat diet. After sacrificing the mice, pancreatic and hepatic tissues were prepared for western blot and immunohistochemistry for ER stress proteins, including activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), caspase 12, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α), glucose regulated protein (GRP) 78 and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK).

Results Liraglutide significantly decreased body weight gained by mice consuming a high-fat diet (27.6 g vs. 34.5 g, P<0.001), and levels of all ER proteins increased significantly in both the pancreas and liver (all P<0.05). Expression of most ER stress proteins in pancreatic tissue correlated with disease scores of NAFLD (all P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found in pancreatic ATF 4 expression between mice without NAFLD, and those with early non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrotic NASH (P=0.122).

Conclusion Liraglutide may reduce the severity of NAFPD and NAFLD through regulating the ER stress pathway and downstream apoptosis signaling.
Large prolapse-related lesions of the sigmoid colon
Authors: van Hattem W. Arnout , Shahidi Neal , Vosko Sergei , Bar-Yishay Iddo , Schoeman Scott , Sidhu Mayenaaz , McLeod Duncan , Bourke Michael J.
Published: September 2020

Background Large prolapse-related lesions (LPRL) of the sigmoid colon have been documented histologically but may not be readily recognized endoscopically.

Methods Colonic lesions referred for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) were enrolled prospectively. Endoscopic features were carefully documented prior to resection. Final diagnosis was made based on established histologic criteria, including vascular congestion, hemosiderin deposition, fibromuscular hyperplasia, and crypt distortion.

Results Of 134 large ( ≥ 20 mm) sigmoid lesions, 12 (9.0 %) had histologic features consistent with mucosal prolapse. Distinct endoscopic features were: broad-based morphology; vascular pattern obscured by dusky hyperemia; blurred crypts of varying size and shape; and irregular spacing of sparse crypts. Focal histologic dysplasia was identified in 6 of 12 lesions (50.0 %).

Conclusions LPRL of the sigmoid colon exhibit a distinct endoscopic profile. Although generally non-neoplastic, dysplasia may be present, warranting consideration of EMR.
Cross-Coupling Reactions of Double or Triple Electrophilic Templates for Alkene Synthesis
Authors: Tobrman Tomáš , Edlová Tereza , Čubiňák Marek
Published: September 2020

This short review summarizes the latest advances in the cross-coupling reactions of double and triple electrophilic templates bearing halogen atoms and an activated C–O bond. Reactions involving the formation of a C–C bond as part of di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted double bond systems are highlighted.

1 Introduction

2 Cross-Coupling Reactions of Halovinyl Tosylates

3 Cross-Coupling Reactions of Halovinyl Triflates

4 Cross-Coupling Reactions of Halovinyl Phosphates

5 Cross-Coupling Reactions of Halovinyl Esters

6 Conclusion