bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differentiated threshing of seed corn with minimal grain crushing
Authors: Pastukhov A G , Bakharev D N , Parnikova T V
Published: February 2021

To increase the efficiency of the process of seed corn threshing in stationary conditions, an axial-rotor thresher with a pneumoadaptive deck is proposed and constructed, which allows differentiating the threshing forces in the threshing chamber. The index of unthreshed seeds loss on cobs and free grain loss, defined in previous studies, allowed one to establish a rational interval of the rotor speed of the proposed thresher, which is 150 … 170 min-1. The rationality of this interval was checked by the grain-crushing index, which is an indicator of the effective use of the threshing force of the impact. Experimental studies of this indicator were carried out in the range of rational rotor rotation frequencies (150 … 170 min-1), as well as to study the regularity of grain crushing changes, additional studies were carried out at a frequency of 190 min-1. It was found that at rotor speed 170 min-1 grain crushing is 1.4%, and at 190 min-1 it significantly exceeds the permissible value. A mathematical expression is proposed that shows the dependence of the force of the working bodies of the pneumoadaptive deck hitting the grain on the rotor speed, confirming the correctness of choosing a rational interval of the rotor speed. Research results indicate that when the rotor speed does not exceed 170 min-1, the stresses in the grain body under the impact of the working bodies do not reach the maximum permissible value. At the same time, the grain retains its integrity, and the crushing index remains minimal.
On the issue of the advisability of the autumn application of nitrogen fertilizers for winter rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Petrovtseva N A , Pasynkova E N
Published: February 2021

The article presents the results of studying the effect of autumn application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers on winter hardiness of winter rye plants. The relevance of research is due to the search for opportunities to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment, in particular by minimizing the use of artificial fertilizers. The studies were carried out for three years in the fields of the North-West region of the Russian Federation, on medium-cultivated sod-podzolic loamy soils. Sowings of winter rye were placed on the predecessor, early potatoes, under which organic fertilizers were applied for the main tillage. Experimental plants of winter rye were fed on seedlings with ammonium nitrate; in the control, autumn fertilizing was not used. The experimental results showed that the autumn application of nitrogen fertilizers practically did not affect the percentage of successfully overwintered plants. This allows us to conclude that the autumn use of nitrogen fertilizers for winter rye is inexpedient and that it is possible to abandon their autumn use in order to reduce environmental pollution.
Genealogical lines of breeding mares as biological resources of a thoroughbred horse breed bred in the Stavropol Krai
Authors: Kononova L V , Vasilev E A , Rachkov I G , Plotnikov S N
Published: February 2021

Tribal horse breeding is one of the priority areas of livestock in the Stavropol Territory. The article provides an analysis of the population of purebred horse breeding mares bred in the leading farms of the Stavropol Territory (OOO “SKHP Svobodnyi trud”, OOO “SKHP Novomarevskoe”, FGUP “Rassvet-Stavropole”). An assessment of the mares of the pedigree core of purebred horse breed showed that their genealogical structure is represented by 12 lines. It should be noted that the 5 lines of Norsen Dancer, Native Dancer, Nazrullah, Fairway and Tern-Tu go back to the same ancestor – the Falaris line, which is 82.6 % of the total number of breeding mares. The data obtained correspond to the general trend that is observed in the global structure of purebred horse breed. An analysis of the genealogical lines of the pedigree nucleus of purebred horse mares in the Stavropol Krai revealed their optimal linear and age structure. A zootechnical assessment showed that according to measurements and indices, the mares of the farms analyzed correspond to the breed standard. The research results can be recommended as educational material for students and undergraduates of universities studying in the areas of preparation of zootechnical profile.
Energy assessment of intensive protective tillage
Authors: Shchirov V V , Nesmiyan A Yu , Khizhnyak V I
Published: February 2021

The study analyzes the traction resistance of chisel ploughs when working on light clayey chernozems, widespread in the arid southern part of Russia. This study allows concluding that in the theoretical description of the process of deep loosening of the soil, the influence of the square of the working speed of the machine-tractor unit could be neglected. The use of linear dependence not only provided an increase in the convergence of experimental and theoretical studies but also simplified the analysis of the results. So, for example, the use of a linear trim based on the results of experimental studies made it possible to derive the average values of the empirical coefficients for classic arrow-shaped plows: fp=0.4; k
p=15.15 κN/m and εp=6.15 κN·s/m2, and for plows with a pair-block arrangement of working bodies: fp=0.4; kp=21.45 κN/m and εp = 1.61 κN·s/m2. The study found that the use of a pair-block arrangement of working bodies on subsoiler ploughs, in comparison with their arrow-shaped arrangement, helps to reduce the resistivity during chiselling by about 14%. At the same time, the share of energy consumption for useful soil deformation increases to values of more than 80%, while for classic subsoiler ploughs this figure is about 50%.
Analysis of a transformer converter of the number of phases with symmetric elements on the low side of the transformer
Authors: Vasilev N V , Kosoukhov F D , Ruzhev V A , Krishtopa N Yu , Boroshnin A L
Published: February 2021

The analysis of a transformer converter of the number of phases TCNP-2 with balancing elements on the low side of a step-down transformer is given. The purpose and objectives of the analysis of PFHF-2 are formulated. In the analysis of TCNP-2, 15 equations were compiled in a complex form, as a result of which three main equations were obtained for complex currents at the input of TCNP-2. Having decomposed the obtained system of equations into symmetrical components of the currents of the forward, reverse, and zero sequences, we determined the resistance and capacitances of the balancing capacitors. Thus, the dependences of the capacitor parameters on the current and power factor of a single-phase load are established. Having solved the system of equations of three currents TCNP-2, we determined the dependences of the currents and voltages of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer and the balancing elements on the load current. The dependences of the capacities of the transformer and phase-converting elements on the power of a three-phase load are also determined. The authors developed and built on a complex plane a vector diagram of voltages and currents TCNP-2, with the help of which a method for phase converting a single-phase current to a three-phase one for a two-wire power transmission system is disclosed.
Fuel system reliability of gas tank tractors
Authors: Keruchenko L S , Zakharov S V , Maltseva E I
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of works on the use of alternative fuels. Reliability indicators of the elements of the compressed natural gas and diesel fuel supply system have been studied to substantiate the maintenance system. On the basis of statistical observations, the performance indicators of intensity of the event flow λ and probability of failure are obtained. It is shown that the elements of the gas and fuel supply system have high reliability. At the same time, the fuel supply system elements have slightly lower reliability than when a diesel engine is running on pure diesel fuel. It is recommended to maintain the dual-fuel gas-supply system of the diesel engine according to the regulations used for engines running on mineral fuel with additional control of the gas-supply system elements.
Structural Models of Road Landscapes and Microlandscapes
Authors: Zelikov V A , Skrypnikov A V , Kozlov V G , Samtsov V V , Tikhomirov P V , Borovlev A O
Published: February 2021

In this paper we examined the developed structural models of the road landscape and the road micro-landscape, which allows taking into account all the necessary conditions for road construction in local territories. In local areas, the complexity of road construction depends on the general characteristics inherent in a given landscape, of which the micro landscape under consideration is a component. For a comprehensive assessment of the conditions of road construction in local territories, a structural model of the road micro landscape is proposed, which is based on the landscape model. The developed structural models of the road landscape and the road micro-landscape reflect the influence of natural and techno genic factors, the value of land and other factors to determine the complexity of the construction of forest roads. Factors are defined and formulas are presented to take into account the features of the relief, climate, physical and geographical processes and phenomena, surface and groundwater, soil, vegetation, human activities when determining the cost of the construction of a forest road. The structural model of the micro landscape allows a comprehensive assessment of local territories in the survey area, to determine micro landscapes in which the complexity of road construction and the value of the territories will have minimal indicators. A correlation analysis was also carried out, which made it possible to establish the most important characteristics of the components of the geographical environment, which affect the complexity of the construction of a forest road for the main types of costs.
Comparative evaluation of flow-through and counter-flow indirect-evaporative air coolers and their influence on the heat balance of transformer underground substations
Authors: Gulevsky V A , Shatskiy V P , Osipov E N
Published: February 2021

In order to optimize the air environment temperature of the underground engineering equipment premises, it is necessary to conduct a comparative assessment of the operation of flow-through and counter-flow indirect-evaporative air coolers. Based on the previous mathematical models that describe the thermophysical processes in the channels of indirect evaporative coolers, an analysis of the structural and standard parameters of their operation is carried out. The most rational ratios of flows through the “wet” and “dry channels” are revealed and they ensure the maximum station cooling capacity. The transformer substation of the underground illustrates the effectiveness of their use. According to a result of the studies, it has been proved that the most rational ratio of air flows through wet and dry channels for flow-through indirect-evaporative coolers is 2.1-2.2, for counter-flow heat exchangers it is 3.0. The advantage of recuperation coolers is established by such indicators as: cooling capacity - 53.5%, air cooling range - 41%.
The quality of pasta products made from various kinds of flour
Authors: Zavalishina O M , Kuznetsova T A , Korneeva A V
Published: February 2021

In Russia, pasta is one of the most common food products, the demand for which has remained stable for many decades. The average consumption of these products is 7 kg / year per person. The raw material for the production of pasta in our country is mainly macaroni semolina which is obtained from soft high-glassy wheat varieties. The main disadvantages of soft wheat pasta are its low nutritional value and high caloric value. In recent years, vitaminized pasta has been becoming increasingly common, but of immediate relevance is the development of production technologies using unconventional raw materials and additives, with the help of which it is possible to increase the content of vitamins, macro- and microelements and other biologically valuable substances in a product and ensure the stability of product quality at the same time. A comparative evaluation of the quality of pasta manufactured by OJSC “Altai Macaroni” under various trade marks (TM): spiral, “Pasta Veneta” TM, group A, premium; spiral, “Almak” TM, group B, premium; spiral, “Product For Health” TM, group B, with the addition of buckwheat flour, premium; spiral, «Product For Health” TM, group B, with the addition of soy flour, premium has been undertaken. Organoleptic, physico-chemical indicators of product quality as well as its consumer characteristics have been taken as evaluation criteria.
The architecture of the vine bush and the phytoclimate of the vineyard
Authors: Karayev M K , Mustafaev G M , Sapukova A Ch , Magomedova A A , Mursalov S M
Published: February 2021

The results of studying the phytoclimate of a vineyard depending on the architecture of the bush are shown. The architecture of grape bushes is estimated depending on the system of maintaining and forming the bushes. The influence of the shape of the bush and the method of maintaining growth on the daily course of the radiation regime and temperature both inside the crown and on the aisles of the vineyard is shown. It has been established that with semi-covering formations with free annual growth, the volume of the crown increases, which leads to improved illumination of the crown, contributes to a better phytoclimate inside the crown.
Clarification of sunflower oil with nanocarbon sorbent and analysis of product quality indicators
Authors: Kleymenova N L , Bolgova I N , Kopylov M V , Nazina L I
Published: February 2021

The concept of Industrie 4.0 involves the introduction of innovative industrial technologies. Sunflower oil is the most common vegetable oil in Russia. Improvement of sunflower oil quality is required taking into account changes in the domestic and foreign markets of Russia. The process of oil clarification with nanocarbon structures is proposed in the article. The influence of fullerene-containing sorbent on the efficiency of sunflower oil clarification process was investigated in the work. The mathematical model of the process is developed with the complete factorial experiment. Colour, acid number, mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances were taken as quality indicators. Variable indicators were the amount of fullerene-containing sorbent, the particle size of the fullerene-containing sorbent and the clarification process temperature. Series of experiments were carried out. According to them the values of color and acid numbers, mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances of the oil were obtained. The indicators obtained were compared with the oil indicators after the traditional clarification method. According to the built mathematical models graphs, a comprehensive quality indicator was determined as well as the optimal values of the conditions for the clarification process. It was found out that the use of fullerene-containing carbon as a sorbent for sunflower oil clarification improves the acid number by 80%, the mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – by 74%, and the color index – twice. Thus, the use of fullerene-containing carbon as an adsorbent makes it possible to obtain world-class sunflower oil.
Ecological and economic interpretation of the soil map constructed by the method of plastic of relief
Authors: Stepanova V I , Trofimetz L N , Alexandrova A P , Saraeva A M , Tyapkina A P , Chaadaeva N N
Published: February 2021

The paper deals with the possibilities of soil maps, constructed by the method of plastic of relief, to distinguish soil differences based on their association with specific relief forms. It gives examples of the ecological and economic assessment of lands in the Kashirsky district (Moscow region), which were carried out with the help of a map of plastic of relief. The method of plastic of relief was developed by Professor I.N. Stepanov in the eighties of the last century. The authors give a comparative analysis of the results of soil mapping by the traditional method and the method of plastic of relief. Using the example of soil maps of the Ozherelyevsky state farm, they discuss the advantages of the method of plastic of relief for representing soil differences on different relief elements. The soils of the Ozherelyevsky state farm are shown on the map as flows. The hierarchy of height levels of flows is shown. These levels correspond to specific soils according to V.V. Dokuchaev (normal, transitional, soils of depressions). The flows revealed by the method of plastic of relief have a specific direction in space. Due to this quality, it’s concluded that it’s possible to determine the ways of transport of geochemical substances and contaminants in space. This is important to take into account when carrying out reclamation work. The map at the design stage allows structuring land use in the most optimal way and taking a differentiated approach to the economic assessment of lands involved in production.
The phytomeliorating effect of spring rape in rice crop rotation in the Republic of Kalmykia
Authors: Nidzhlyaeva I A , Ochirova E N , Moroz N N , Dedova E B , Ochirov V V
Published: February 2021

Mid-crops accelerate rice field soil cultivation and increase rice yields. When spring rape is introduced into the rice crop rotation, the soil acquires an increased ability to restore the soil layer. The bulk density of soil in the rice–spring rape crop rotation decreases by 8 … 10%. When cultivating rice on a reclamation field, this indicator increases by 4 … 6%. It has been established that rapeseed crops have phytomeliorative properties, improve the ameliorative state of rice fields, have a positive effect on the fertility of brown semi-desert soil, and increase rice productivity.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of feeding fish using electro-optical devices in fish farms of the Volgograd region
Authors: Kostin V E , Sokolova N A , Kochetkov V G
Published: February 2021

For intensive fish farming on fish farms, the food supply is a decisive condition. But the fodder base of reservoirs is not an unlimited resource, and compound feed is becoming more expensive and not always available. One of the solutions to this problem can be attracting flying insects to the surface of water bodies. Light traps of various models are increasingly used to attract insects at twilight and at night. The experiment used an experimental mobile electro-optical installation for the destruction of flying insects with an optical converter of the ultraviolet spectrum, a structure to which a high-frequency electric voltage is applied and a screen for collecting insects. The light trap attracts different species of insects, which also differ in their food value for fish. Nevertheless, natural food provides a good supplement with sufficient amounts of essential nutrients and energy. As a result of the obtained experiment, a species analysis of arthropods attracted by a light trap was carried out. The most active ones were representatives of the order Diptera, from the families of chironomids (bell mosquitoes) and midges (river midge). Representatives of the leafhopper family from the order of Hemiptera (bugs) also showed high activity. Chironomids are an important component of food for larvae and fry of fish, especially carp species. The proposed installation can operate in a mixed discrete mode, actively attracting flying insects without affecting them by high voltage, which contributes to the intensification of the development of food organisms.
Monitoring of heavy metals in agricultural soils of the Republic of Khakasia
Authors: Shanina Ekaterina V , Shanina Elena V
Published: February 2021

The production of environmentally friendly, safe food is one of the conditions contributing to the sustainable development of rural areas. Special attention is paid to the measures aimed to prevent the ingress and accumulation of heavy metal ions in agricultural products. Most researchers deal with the content of gross forms of heavy metals in agricultural soils, while it is the mobile forms that have a significant effect on their “transition” into production and accumulation. The article presents the results of studies on the content of mobile forms of cadmium, lead and copper in agricultural soils in different landscape and climatic zones of the Republic of Khakassia. It was found that the average values of concentrations of the mobile forms of heavy metals in the humus layer are within the maximum permissible concentrations. The content of lead varies from 0.3 to 2.2 mg / kg, copper - from 0.18 to 0.4 mg / kg, cadmium - from 0.01 to 0.2 mg / kg. The content of mobile forms of cadmium, lead and copper varies from year to year. During the monitoring, the oscillatory dynamics of changes in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil was revealed. The ratio of mobile forms of heavy metals (Pb: Cu: Cd) decreases in the following sequence: chestnut soils → southern chernozems → ordinary and leached chernozems → gray forest and soddy-podzolic soils.
Optimization of food recipes for people of mental work and their lifestyle
Authors: Eremenko V N , Grinchenko V S , Pitkin V A , Levchenko A A , Sinko O V , Tsaava S V
Published: February 2021

The types of mental work include the work of programmers, operators, teachers, doctors, students, etc. People of intense mental labor, especially chess players, have an increased need for essential amino and fatty acids. A particularly important role is assigned to the chess game as a means of the student’s intellectual development, mental activity and cognitive mental abilities of a person - memory, attention, thinking, etc. The article describes a method for optimizing food formulations. The prescription principles for the design of food products based on pancakes with cheese and greens for people with increased mental stress have been optimized. The composition of raw materials and finished products is analyzed.
Technological solutions and prospects for obtaining protein preparations and composites from legumes
Authors: Kolpakova V V , Kulikov D S , Ulanova R V , Gaivoronskaya I S , Chumikina L V
Published: February 2021

To eliminate the deficit of proteins in the diet of humans and animals, as an alternative to polymers of animal origin, modern methods and technological solutions for isolating preparations from various types of plant materials with modern physicochemical and biotechnological techniques are being developed. The most effective are the methods and processes with enzyme preparations, eliminating the destruction of the structure and composition of protein fractions of raw materials, in contrast to solutions of acids and alkalis. Protein preparations from peas and chickpeas, having a high biological value, along with polypeptides, also contain useful biologically active substances (fiber, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, etc.), the presence of which benefits human body and animals. The analysis of the state of production of leguminous crops in the country indicates that, on the existing domestic raw material base, the production of food and feed protein concentrates from pea and chickpea grain is promising to organize with the maximum preservation of biological value, composition and properties. It is also advisable to use biosynthetic processes with various types of fungal and / or bacterial enzymes, physical and physico-chemical methods of exposure to obtain safe products with high yield. In order to obtain a balanced diet of humans and animals, along with ensuring the complementarity of amino acids, it is advisable to include minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, etc., in the form of additives or by synthesis of functional ingredients from components of leguminous raw materials with selected microorganisms.
Designing 69 Meters Littoral Mission Ship Based on the 60 Meters Fast Patrol Boat Platform to Improve Multi-Task Warfare
Authors: Santoso A.
Published: February 2021

60 meters fast patrol boat class is well known as one of the successful programs in the build of local warship in the national shipyards. Due to the higher tension in the South China Sea recently, therefore, it is urgently to have some better ships both quantitatively and qualitatively. To reduce procurements costs and shorten the delivery time then an LMS type with a length of 69 meters would be proposed based on the proven design of 60 meters FPB. Improvement of the platform not only about its size and capacity but also multi-task missions. The LMS will support missions of patrolling and intercepting as a fast patrol craft, moreover additional tasks including anti-surface warfare, mines-warfare, hydrography and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR), also bio & chemical warfare duties. LMS will have a low radar cross-section by improving its stealth design and the addition of a helideck to accommodate a medium-sized helicopter. Ship able carries up to three standard ISO-containers as complementary logistics when the deck not being occupied by helicopter. LMS needs only 20% more engine power when its draught is 0.1 m higher and 21.5% more displacement compare with the FPB at a similar speed of 24 knots.
Design Propeller Of Fast Missile Boat 60 M By Using Gawn Series
Authors: Kusuma C , Ariana I M , Nugroho W H , Djatmiko E B , Masroeri A A , Sutardi
Published: February 2021

The 60m Fast Missile Boat (FMB 60m) with a full load displacement of 467T draft 2.6m uses a 3900Kw engine and a maximum speed of 28 knots. In this research, it will be designed using the Gawn series. Choice of the Gawn series is because Gawn has a P / D of 0.4-2.0 and a maximum KT of 1.1. Powering calculations, performed using the MARIN DESPPC method. Based on the calculation results, the KTR and JDesaign value will be obtained, then all Gawn series propellers that meet the required engine power will be calculated. From the calculation of thrust requirements and the availability of engine power, the Gawn-series propeller is suitable for the propulsion of 60m fast missile boat.
Analysis of the usage of the android-based scantling calculation application for wooden ship construction for survey activity based on BKI vol vii 2013 rules
Authors: Afsari Sabila Fitri , Supomo Heri
Published: February 2021

In survey activities at wooden shipyards, surveyors often find scantling calculations not comply with the regulations. Because the use of technology has not yet developed, based on traditional technology development so that the weakness occurs in the design and construction. The survey system for scantling calculation is yet manually, surveyors write actual results and carry documents in paper form which is less efficient. Designing media in the form of android application for calculating wooden ship scantling based on BKI Volume VII 2013 rules concerning ‘Rules for Small Vessel Up to 24 M’ is needed. The initial step of a design application is creating database structure that normalization BKI table become a system, then, making a mock up for display. After that, create functional as back end system that is processing database and front end that is screen display, and the last step is creating system for reporting result. This application accessed by input the actual data of wood type, mechanical properties and main dimension on each form, then the application will display the results of BKI calculations. The surveyor fills actual data of scantling in column and gives mark if the results comply and will gives a note if not complied then insert a photo to prove. The PELRA ship with length overall (LOA) of 17.65 meters used as the research object. The questionnaire is applied to know response of user about the application. The results, a total percentage is 75.6% to average total score is 37.8 which shows that the application very helpful to assist survey activities. The conclusion, the use of android application for scantling calculation of wooden ship construction is needed because more practical and can accessed anywhere compared to manual survey systems, more efficient in terms of time, and more safety for data storage of report.
Modification and Analysis of Twin Screw Ship Stern for Optimizing Propulsive Coefficient Values in Propulsive System
Authors: Rulianto J , Indiaryanto M , Ariana I M
Published: February 2021

Twin-screw ship has the advantage of being able to reduce the diameter of propeller by using the same rotation and engine power as a single-screw ship. With the result that twin-screw ship can be operated in areas with lower water depth. However, the type of twin-screw ship has a deficiency in the value of hull efficiency ( ) and the relative rotative efficiency ( ). This occurs because of the propeller position which is far from the field of the flow of the ship’s hull speed (V). So that the value of the water flow to the propeller (advance velocity/) becomes low. Various studies have been conducted to increase wake fraction (w) and reduce the thrust deduction factor (t) values some of which are by modifying the shape of the ship’s stern parts bossing to increase the water speed to the propeller (advance velocity/) which will have a large effect on the wake fraction (w) and thrust deduction factor (t). Among them is by modifying the shape of the ship’s stern bossing so that it can increase the speed of water to the propeller (advance velocity/) which will greatly affect the value of the wake fraction (w) and thrust deduction factor (t) to increase the propulsive coefficient (PC). In this study, it is known that the QPC value for the ship model tested in the Hydrodynamics Laboratory Indonesia (LHI) is 0.54 while for the four models tested using the CFD method is model one 0.63, model two 0.55, model three 0.63, and model four amount 0.51. Based on the above test it can be concluded that the third hull model has the highest QPC. be in ALARP compared to acceptance criteria.
Logistics System of Exported Fishery Product : a Case Study of Fisheries Centre in Natuna
Authors: Mustakim A. , Lazuardi S.D. , Caterina A. K.
Published: February 2021

As one of potential fishery areas in Natuna, the Integrated Marine and Fisheries Center (SKPT) has been producing the fishery commodities of 350,000 kg per month. Currently, SKPT Natuna is cooperating with Japan to export one of fishery products, which is frozen octopus. However, the existing export logistics system is considered ineffective and inefficient due to the higher logistics cost and higher lead time. This study aims to develop logistics system model with respect to obtain the optimum travel duration and the schedule of ship arrival at each transit point by considering minimum unit cost. The method used is the Shortest Path Problem [1] to optimize 24 cargo delivery schedules for one year so that the optimum routes defined are different for each delivery schedule depending on the availability of ship. The result shows the total duration of the delivery required is 32 days and the total shipping cost is Rp. 31,3 million/TEU. Thus, the optimum route obtained is able to reduce the shipping cost of frozen octopus by 45% and shorten the lead time by 15% compared to the current logistics system.
Comparison Between Fish-Catching Techniques with Purse Seine Fishing Equipment in Japan and Indonesia
Authors: Faturachman D. , Fitri Z. , Aslan S. , Sulaeman K.A.
Published: February 2021

Japan is a country that has highly developed marine fishery resources. In the field of fisheries, Indonesia is still very behind compared to Japan. One of the factors related to Indonesia being lagging behind Japan in the fisheries sector lies in the fishing technique using the purse seine fishing gear. There are several conditions related to fishing gear in Indonesia, such as: simple navigation and fishing gear, almost 80% of fishing gear operation still uses human power with manual steering systems and fishing operations in Indonesia which can take some time weeks or even months. This has an impact on the less than optimal fish catch. Indonesia is still very far from being able to catch up with the technology owned by Japan, especially in the operation of purse seine fishing gear. The purpose of this study was to determine and explain the purse seine fishing gear and to know the similarities and differences between fishing techniques and purse seine fishing gear in Japan and Indonesia. This study used a qualitative approach with literature review to collect data and make observations directly into the field, namely in Indonesia, especially on the Tri Mina Barokah Ship, Juwana area, Pati Regency and in Japan especially the Yamasen Ship, Choshi area, Chiba Prefecture. The results of the study that show the most significant difference between fishing techniques in Indonesia and in Japan are the number of vessels and fishing aids used. In Indonesia, fishing is still using 1 unit of ship which has a function as fish finder, net carrier and fish catcher, besides that the fishing aid used is still very simple. In Japan, 4 vessels are engaged in fishing (honsen, tansakusen, unpansen, recko boat) and are equipped with sophisticated and modern fishing tools.
Distribution Pattern of Capture Fisheries Industry in Southern of East Java Analysed from Operational Aspect and Interconnection Between Ports
Authors: Mubarok M R , Gurning O S , Arvitrieda N I
Published: February 2021

East Java is one of the provinces that has the largest capture fisheries resources in Indonesia. It is recorded that the sustainable potential of East Java fisheries is more than 500.000 tons / year [1]. Capture fisheries production in the southern part of East Java Province is dominated by 3 Regencies, there are Trenggalek Regency, Pacitan Regency and Banyuwangi Regency [2]. As one of the Provinces that greatly contributed to the National income, East Java province is very potential if the government wants to make strategic plans related to the capture fisheries industry in East Java province. This strategic plan will determine a suitable development area for the capture fisheries industry on the southern part of East Java by considering operational aspects and interconnection between ports. By considering these two factors, it is hoped that the center for the development of the capture fisheries industry in southern of East Java will become more structured so can supports the government program, National Fisheries Logistics System (SLIN).
Cell spheroids as a versatile research platform: formation mechanisms, high throughput production, characterization and applications
Authors: Decarli Monize Caiado , Amaral Robson , Santos Diogo Peres dos , Tofani Larissa Bueno , Katayama Eric , Rezende Rodrigo Alvarenga , Silva Jorge Vicente Lopes da , Swiech Kamilla , Suazo Claudio Alberto Torres , Mota Carlos , Moroni Lorenzo , Moraes Ângela Maria
Published: February 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has tremendous advantages to closely mimic the in vivo architecture and microenvironment of healthy tissue and organs, as well as of solid tumors. Spheroids are currently the most attractive 3D model to produce uniform reproducible cell structures as well as a potential basis for engineering large tissues and complex organs. In this review we discuss, from an engineering perspective, processes to obtain uniform 3D cell spheroids, comparing dynamic and static cultures and considering aspects such as mass transfer and shear stress. In addition, computational and mathematical modeling of complex cell spheroid systems are discussed. The non-cell-adhesive hydrogel-based method and dynamic cell culture in bioreactors are focused in detail and the myriad of developed spheroid characterization techniques is presented. The main bottlenecks and weaknesses are discussed, especially regarding the analysis of morphological parameters, cell quantification and viability, gene expression profiles, metabolic behavior and high-content analysis. Finally, a vast set of applications of spheroids as tools for in vitro study model systems is examined, including drug screening, tissue formation, pathologies development, tissue engineering and biofabrication, 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, together with their use in high-throughput platforms.
Entropy and dimension of disintegrations of stationary measures
Authors: Lessa Pablo
Published: February 2021

We extend a result of Ledrappier, Hochman, and Solomyak on exact dimensionality of stationary measures for

SL
2

(

R

)

\text {SL}_2(\mathbb {R})

to disintegrations of stationary measures for

GL
⁡
(

R

d

)

\operatorname {GL}(\mathbb {R}^d)

onto the one dimensional foliations of the space of flags obtained by forgetting a single subspace.

The dimensions of these conditional measures are expressed in terms of the gap between consecutive Lyapunov exponents, and a certain entropy associated to the group action on the one dimensional foliation they are defined on. It is shown that the entropies thus defined are also related to simplicity of the Lyapunov spectrum for the given measure on

GL
⁡
(

R

d

)

\operatorname {GL}(\mathbb {R}^d)

.
Differential requirements for the CENP-O complex reveal parallel PLK1 kinetochore recruitment pathways
Authors: Nguyen Alexandra L. , Fadel Marie Diane , Cheeseman Iain M.
Published: February 2021

Although cell division components are widely assumed to be essential across cell types, a subset of components display differential requirements. These differential behaviors are harnessed to identify parallel pathways that recruit Plk1 to mitotic kinetochores.
Regulation of intestinal epithelial intercellular adhesion and barrier function by desmosomal cadherin desmocollin-2
Authors: Raya-Sandino Arturo , Luissint Anny-Claude , Kusters Dennis H. M. , Narayanan Vani , Flemming Sven , Garcia-Hernandez Vicky , Godsel Lisa M. , Green Kathleen J. , Hagen Susan J. , Conway Daniel E. , Parkos Charles A. , Nusrat Asma
Published: February 2021

Our findings emphasize a major role for Dsc2 in the regulation of barrier function using inducible Dsc2 depletion in murine intestinal epithelial cells in vivo. Functional analysis revealed that loss of Dsc2 resulted in decreased intercellular adhesion and increased intestinal permeability associated with higher tension on desmosomes.
AdaptingWives and Daughtersfor Television: Reimagining Women, Travel, Natural Science, and Race
Authors: Ballinger Gill
Published: February 2021

This essay examines the depiction of women, travel, natural science, and race in Elizabeth Gaskell’s Wives and Daughters (1864–66) and Andrew Davies’s BBC adaptation of the novel (1999). It argues that the adaptation offers a recognizable transposition of Gaskell’s text, but makes some significant adjustments that reveal its contemporary reimagining of the novel’s gender and racial politics. In particular, Davies transforms Gaskell’s unexceptional female protagonist Molly Gibson into a proto-feminist naturalist adventurer, and revisions the casual racism the novel expresses towards black people in line with late-twentieth-century sensibilities. Each text, novel and film, reveals the period-specific ideological forces that shape its portrayal of Englishwomen and African people.
Discordance between dementia caregivers’ goal of care and preference for life-extending treatments
Authors: Malhotra Chetna , Mohamad Hazirah, , Østbye Truls , Pollak Kathryn I , Balasundaram Bharathi , Malhotra Rahul , Tong Ka-Mun , Hum Allyn Yin Mei , Allen John Carson , Seow Dennis , Yong Jing Rong , Yoon Sungwon ,   PISCES Study Group
Published: February 2021

Background

Many older adults with severe dementia receive potentially life-extending treatments even when caregivers do not wish to prolong their life inappropriately.

Objective

Explore factors that influence caregiver preferences for potentially life-extending treatments for older adults with severe dementia, and reasons for discordance between overall end-of-life care goal and treatment preferences.

Design

Semi-structured in-depth interviews asking caregivers their overall end-of-life care goal for older adults and preferences for intravenous (IV) antibiotics, tube feeding and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Participants

A total of 26 caregivers of community-dwelling older adults with severe dementia in Singapore.

Approach

Reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Most caregivers’ (77%) overall end-of-life care goal was ‘no life extension’. Yet, 80% preferred IV antibiotics for a life-threatening infection, 60% preferred tube feeding and 45% preferred CPR. Caregivers preferred these treatments because they (1) perceived letting go by withholding treatments as unethical, (2) felt they had no choice as they deferred to the health care provider, (3) wanted to alleviate suffering rather than extend life and (4) desired trying minimally invasive treatments that had the potential to be withdrawn. Themes explaining discordance were (1) feared regret about making the ‘wrong’ decision, (2) considered treatments to address immediate needs even when long-term goal did not match providing that treatment and (3) anticipated disagreement with other family members on overall goal of care.

Conclusion

To reduce discordance between caregivers’ overall end-of-life care goal and preferences for life-extending treatments, clinicians can use a shared decision-making approach involving discussions of both their overall end-of-life care goal and treatment preferences.
Multiple Visuotopically Organized Subdivisions of the Lateral Pulvinar/Central Lateral Inferior Pulvinar Project into Thin and Thick Stripe Compartments of V2 in Macaques
Authors: Liu Ye , Hu Jiaming , Yao Songping , Zhou Qiuying , Li Hangqi , Takahata Toru
Published: February 2021

The lateral and central lateral inferior pulvinar (PL/PIcl) of primates has been implicated in playing an important role in visual processing, but its physiological and anatomical characteristics remain to be elucidated. It has been suggested that there are two complete visuotopic maps in the PL/PIcl, each of which sends afferents into V2 and V4 in primates. Given that functionally distinct thin and thick stripes of V2 both receive inputs from the PL/PIcl, this raises the possibility of a presence of parallel segregated pathways within the PL/PIcl. To address this question, we selectively injected three types of retrograde tracers (CTB-488, CTB-555, and BDA) into thin or thick stripes in V2 and examined labeling in the PL/PIcl in macaques. As a result, we found that every cluster of retrograde labeling in the PL/PIcl included all three types of signals next to each other, suggesting that thin stripe– and thick stripe–projecting compartments are not segregated into domains. Unexpectedly, we found at least five topographically organized retrograde labeling clusters in the PL/PIcl, indicating the presence of more than two V2-projecting maps. Our results suggest that the PL/PIcl exhibits greater compartmentalization than previously thought. They may be functionally similar but participate in multiple cortico-pulvinar-cortical loops.
Relative Effectiveness of Adjuvanted Trivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Versus Egg-derived Quadrivalent Inactivated Influenza Vaccines and High-dose Trivalent Influenza Vaccine in Preventing Influenza-related Medical Encounters in US Adults ≥ 65 Years During the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 Influenza Seasons
Authors: Boikos Constantina , Fischer Lauren , O’Brien Dan , Vasey Joe , Sylvester Gregg C , Mansi James A
Published: February 2021

Background

The effectiveness of standard, egg-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccines (IIV4) may be reduced in adults ≥65 years of age, largely because of immunosenescence. An MF59-adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aIIV3) and a high-dose trivalent influenza vaccine (HD-IIV3) offer older adults enhanced protection versus standard vaccines. This study compared the relative effectiveness of aIIV3 with IIV4 and HD-IIV3 in preventing influenza-related medical encounters over 2 US influenza seasons.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included US patients ≥65 years vaccinated with aIIV3, IIV4, or HD-IIV3. The outcome of interest was the occurrence of influenza-related medical encounters. Data were derived from a large dataset comprising primary and specialty care electronic medical records linked with pharmacy and medical claims. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were derived from an inverse probability of treatment-weighted sample adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, geographic region, vaccination week, and health status. Relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) was determined using the formula (% VE = 1 – ORadjusted) × 100.

Results

In 2017–2018, cohorts included: aIIV3, n = 524 223; IIV4, n = 917 609; and HD-IIV3, n = 3 377 860. After adjustment, 2017–2018 rVE of aIIV3 versus IIV4 was 18.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8–20.5); aIIV3 vs. HD-IIV3 was 7.7 (95% CI, 2.3–12.8). In 2018–2019, cohorts included: aIIV3, n = 1 031 145; IIV4, n = 915 380; HD-IIV3, n = 3 809 601, with adjusted rVEs of aIIV3 versus IIV4 of 27.8 (95% CI, 25.7–29.9) and vs. HD-IIV3 of 6.9 (95% CI, 3.1–10.6).

Conclusion

In the 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 influenza seasons in the United States, aIIV3 demonstrated greater reduction in influenza-related medical encounters than IIV4 and HD-IIV3 in adults ≥65 years.
Multilateral Contracting with Manipulation
Authors: Antler Yair
Published: February 2021

We study multi-lateral risk sharing when the state of nature is unverifiable, so that contracts are conditioned on a state-dependent signal (e.g., net earnings in a financial report). A subset of the agents can manipulate the signal’s realisation at some cost and, as a result, Pareto-optimal reallocation of risk is precluded. The agents can write additional side contracts that can be used to incentivise one of the parties to manipulate the signal. Using a novel stability notion that takes into account agents’ beliefs about contemporaneous deviations initiated by their counterparties, we explore the limits of risk sharing and risk bearing.
Rickettsia increases its infection and spread in whitefly populations by manipulating the defense patterns of the host plant
Authors: Shi Pei-Qiong , Chen Xin-Yi , Chen Xiao-Sheng , Lv Ning , Liu Yuan , Qiu Bao-Li
Published: February 2021

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a destructive agricultural pest that frequently harbors various species of secondary symbionts including Rickettsia. Previous studies have revealed that the infection of Rickettsia can improve whitefly performance on food plants; however, to date, no evidence has shown, if, and how, Rickettsia manipulates the plant-insect interactions. In the current study, the effects of Rickettsia persistence on the induced plant defenses and the consequent performance of whitefly B. tabaci were investigated. Results revealed that Rickettsia can be transmitted into plants via whitefly feeding and remain alive within the cotton plants for at least 2 weeks. The different expression genes of cotton plants were mostly concentrated in the phytohormone signaling pathways, the marker genes of jasmonic-acid signaling pathway (AOC, AOS, LOX, MYC2) were significantly downregulated, while the marker genes of the salicylic-acid signaling pathway (WRKY70, PR-1) were upregulated. Biological experiments revealed that the fecundity of Rickettsia negative B. tabaci significantly increased when they fed on Rickettsia-persistent cotton plants. Taken together, we provide experimental evidence that the persistence of Rickettsia and its induced defense responses in cotton plants can increase the fitness of whitefly and, by this, Rickettsia may increase its infection and spread within its whitefly host.