bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação cidadã no contexto escolar neoliberal: um referente em disputa
Authors: Kehler Gabriel dos Santos , Da Costa Joacir Marques , Lopes Andrei Rodrigues
Published: January 2024

Este estudo visa problematizar os movimentos discursivos que disputam a noção de formação cidadã no contexto escolar e como seu referente opera no discurso pedagógico. Para tal, a proposta configura-se teórico-metodologicamente como um estudo de revisão teórica e abordagem qualitativa. Não obstante, faz-se mister compreender que, muitas vezes, a representação sobre aquilo que nomeamos como formação cidadã e/ou formação para cidadania visa atender as demandas imediatistas de consumo, enquanto dispositivo de substituição de uma formação de consciência crítica e de livre pensar, por aquilo que a cena enunciativa educativa, midiática e mercadológica traz na esteira da inovação pedagógica: o empreendedorismo. Ademais, são múltiplas as confluências de sentidos endereçadas às práticas escolares, legitimadas por meio de políticas públicas educacionais de um “Estado de quase mercado” e até mesmo as propostas escolares mais progressistas podem ser seduzidas pelo discurso neoliberal e reforçá-las como alternativa de resistência. Prontamente, a escola imbricada à preceitos de cidadania na formação de seus estudantes, tende a ser aquela comprometida com as novas exigências contemporâneas, baseada nas competências e nas habilidades empreendedoras da competitividade individual, com efeitos de uma posição de sujeito de “novo tipo”, estudantes gestores de si e dos outros. Em contrapartida, propõe-se pensar a possibilidade de formação cidadã para a diversidade do fluxo de pensamentos, como forma de refletir/agir/refletir sobre o que significa cidadania a partir dos bancos escolares na sociedade contemporânea e como o seu referente opera na trama do social.
Modelo GARMA: metodologia e aplicação para a produção industrial brasileira
Authors: Bisognin Cleber , Da Silva Vanessa Siqueira Peres , Machado Guilherme da Silva , Klein Daniela Regina , Da Silva Michael Gonçalves
Published: January 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo dos modelos autorregressivos de média móvel generalizados, denotados por modelos GARMA. Os modelos GARMA foram propostos por Benjamin, Rigby e Stasinopoulos (2003). Tais modelos são baseados em distribuições que pertencem a família exponencial regular, da mesma forma que os modelos lineares generalizados. Este trabalho baseia-se na distribuição Normal. A estimação dos parâmetros dos modelos GARMA é realizada via método da máxima verossimilhança condicional. Para a análise do estimador dos parâmetros foram realizadas simulações de Monte Carlo, onde foram avaliados a média, o viés, o viés relativo (VR), o desvio padrão (DP), o erro quadrático médio (EQM), assimetria (CA), curtose (K), e para a avaliação dos intervalos de confiança foram utilizadas as taxas de coberturas. Como ilustração foi realizada uma aplicação a Produção Industrial Brasileira de janeiro de 2014 a março de 2021.
Desenvolvimento de interface mobile para controle e aquisição de dados de plataforma robótica educacional voltada ao ensino de Internet das Coisas
Authors: Nogueira Wesley Calsonari , Dominguez Hamilton Piva
Published: January 2024

O presente trabalho descreve e analisa o processo de desenvolvimento de uma interface mobile (aplicativo para smartphone) destinada ao controle e à aquisição de dados de uma plataforma robótica educacional voltada ao ensino de Internet das Coisas (IoT). Para o planejamento e execução do projeto empregou-se a metodologia Design Science Research, e, para a construção do aplicativo, utilizou-se o framework de desenvolvimento de software Ionic. Este projeto, financiado pelo CNPq, integra outro maior, com fomento de outra instituição, no qual a plataforma robótica em questão foi projetada e construída. Contando com um microcontrolador ESP32, a plataforma realiza o tratamento dos dados obtidos pelos sensores que a integram, bem como a transmissão destes para um servidor local e para a nuvem, utilizando o protocolo MQTT. Ressalte-se que este projeto surge de demandas concretas de uma escola pública de ensino médio, atinentes à capacitação de seus docentes para o uso pedagógico de tecnologias e dispositivos robóticos. Em vista de seu baixo custo e facilidade de operação (sem necessidade de conhecimentos prévios de eletrônica), entende-se que a plataforma robótica, com interface mobile integrada, apresenta potencial para a inovação, no âmbito educacional.
Caracterização dos compostos bioativos da Moringa Oleífera em pó
Authors: Tan Daisy Naomi , Reis Aline Andrade Almeida , Abud Ana Karla de Souza , Dos Santos Jucenir , Leite Neta Maria Terezinha Santos , Matos Patrícia Nogueira , Nunes Tatiana Pacheco , Pagani Alessandra Almeida Castro
Published: January 2024

A Moringa Oleífera Lam. (Moringaceae) é uma planta de múltiplo uso. As folhas são ricas em vitamina C e apresentam diversos compostos fenólicos e carotenoides que denotam diferentes atividades farmacológicas. Porém, todos os seus tecidos e órgãos são utilizados para fins alimentícios, cosméticos ou industriais, por serem fontes de diversos compostos bioativos altamente promissores. Reconhecendo a relevância dessa espécie, o presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar os compostos bioativos do pó da moringa, sendo eles: carotenoides totais, teor de vitamina C e compostos fenólicos e, através dessas análises, verificar a potencialidade em comparação com a folha in natura. A quantificação de carotenoides no pó foi de 190,3 mg.100g-1 para 65,77 mg.100g-1 na folha in natura. O teor de fenólicos totais se mostrou em grande quantidade em ambos, sendo 527,69 mg de GAE.100g-1 no pó e 213,18 mg de GAE.100g-1 na folha. Já a quantidade de vitamina C no pó e nas folhas foi de 384,18 mg.100g-1 e de 183,93 mg.100g-1, respectivamente. Dessa forma, podemos concluir que a moringa em pó é uma excelente fonte de nutrientes podendo, em trabalhos futuros, ter seu potencial avaliado também em novas formulações.
O corpo do Sairé como um signo da cultura paraense: considerações a partir dos estudos culturais
Authors: Cruz Annebelle Pena Lima Magalhães
Published: January 2024

O Sairé é um festival cultural celebrado pelos paraenses e tem o corpo como uma de suas estruturas de expressão. Compreender o corpo do Sairé nos Estudos Culturais é possível, pois os Estudos Culturais são um conjunto de estudos, posturas e análises reflexivas para compreender as formas de produção de representações, como a disseminação das mesmas nos contextos culturais. Neste sentido, como se caracteriza o corpo no do Sairé? Objetivou redimensionar o corpo do sairé como um signo da cultura paraense. A justificativa versa em visibilizar o Sairé como fenômeno da cultura brasileira desconstruindo dos aspectos equivocados e reducionistas da representação de subcultura. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, optou-se por utilização procedimentos bibliográficos e documental para coleta de dados, e adotou a semiótica como método. O Sairé produz muitos sentidos, e estes são refletidos e amplamente divulgados pelas mídias, especialmente, um corpo tencionado e interseccionado por meio da estética, gênero, etnia, sexualidade como a performatividade como força motriz.
CRISPR Technology in Infectious Disease Management: Principles, Applications, and Future Challenges with Emphasis on SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and HBV
Authors: Han Yuxing , Yan Tianyou , Zhang Chujing , Zhang Junwen
Published: January 2024

Retroviruses and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses enter cells by integrating their genetic materials into host DNA. During this period, the virus stays dormant and can escape host immune surveillance, which is difficult to detect and kill clinically. Thus, viral diseases, especially those caused by RNA viruses, pose a huge threat to public health. Currently, more research shows that clearing the genome of the virus has become a direct and effective way to treat viral diseases. However, viral diseases such as SARS-CoV-2 exhibit significant genetic diversity, with over 300000 mutants discovered, covering the entire genome of the virus, which greatly limits the traditional gene editing techniques for diagnosing and clearing the virus sequence. CRISPR-Cas can target multiple regions, exhibiting stronger catalytic activity compared to other gene editing methods. At present, it has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of viral diseases. Therefore, understanding the principles of CRISPR-Cas technologies and identifying their potential applications in viral diseases is of great significance. This paper reviews the principles of this technology and its current applications in three aspects, COVID-19, HIV, and HBV. Additionally, this paper summarizes the difficulty in applying CRISPR-Cas technology and future expectations.
Toxicity and Solution of Trastuzumab Combined Therapy
Authors: Ge Yuanxi , Huang Yuxin
Published: January 2024

Trastuzumab is a kind of monoclonal antibody widely used in cancer, especially in breast and stomach cancer. Due to the HER-2 expression in cardiomyocytes, it is most likely to affect normal cardiac function. Although combination therapies can reduce its toxicity to some extent, we still found toxicity in some combination therapies. In this review, we aim to summarize and analyze the toxicity found in combination therapy and give novel solutions to them. We have analyzed the combination toxicity including trastuzumab with ACE inhibitor, premedication, Emtansine, doxorubicin, and anthracycline taxane chemotherapy regimen. And we chose two main solutions as examples, including serum biomarkers and zingerone.
The Fruit in Alleviating Neurological Diseases via the Gut-Brain Axis
Authors: Fang Jianyun
Published: January 2024

Fruits, as an important component of a healthy diet, not only contain essential nutrients for daily life, but also contain various bioactive substances, which have beneficial effects on human health. Currently, research on fruit function has focused on fruit and gut microbiota. The gut microbiota affects many important functions of the body through metabolism. At present, the relationship between gut microbiota and brain diseases, metabolic diseases, etc. has become a research focus. In the study of fruits and gut microbiota, researchers have found that it is mainly through regulating the composition of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). It is currently known that disorder of SCFA in the gut is one of the important mechanisms for some diseases. Mental disorders such as depression and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are all associated with SCFA. Meanwhile, with the study of fruit and gut microbiota, it may be possible to prevent or even alleviate some neurological diseases by modifying the intake of fruits. In recent years, gut microbiota, ASD, and fruit intake have become important issue, and there are many related literature but a lack of systematic review. This paper analyzed the impact of different types of fruits on gut microbiota, as well as the disruption of SCFA caused by changes in gut microbiota in patients with neurological diseases. It also demonstrates that some bioactive substances can regulate SCFA, providing ideas for the treatment and alleviation of some diseases.
Targeted Treatment of Common Human Diseases With Glutathione
Authors: Wang Xixuan
Published: January 2024

Glutathione (GSH) is a typical medication and health product. Previous research has shown that GSH, which has substantial antioxidant activity, is involved in a number of crucial intracellular metabolic activities. By decreasing oxidative stress, disorders like tumors, alcoholic liver disease, and IRI can be somewhat improved. This research will examine the clinical management of heart, ocular, liver and skin illnesses, with GSH serving as the narrative focus. The association between coronary heart disease and oxidative stress was revealed by the fluorescence detection of GSH and OPA, and the amelioration of some coronary atherosclerosis by GSH was suggested. Additionally, GSH can successfully prevent surgical damage brought on by valve surgery and I/R and preserve the cardiac muscle during the procedure. For people with early cataracts, GSH eye drops are crucial, and they are more effective than oral vitamins and smoke tablets. GSH has been shown to significantly minimize problems in early and middle stage individuals with chronic hepatitis B. GSH is fairly developed in terms of skin conditions and aesthetics. Melasma can be reduced, whitened, and controlled through intravenous injection and oral means.
The Role of Glial Cells in Epilepsy and Possible Anti-Epileptic Drug Designs
Authors: Zhu Mingqi
Published: January 2024

Epilepsy, affecting about 1% of the population, comprises a group of disorders of brains characterized by periodic and unpredictable occurrence of seizures. Seizures are medically intractable in about 30% of patients suffering from epilepsy, they have no response to anti-epileptic drugs (AED) which are currently being used in clinical field. Decades of efforts of scientists has demonstrated glial cells' very crucial role in neuron network. They not only serve to maintain homeostasis, but also interfere communication and general regulation. As the consequence, glial cells also go through damage and lesion during seizures and epilepsy, which further exacerbate pathological condition. This hypothesis can account for lots of AED refractory cases because most of AEDs target only neurons' lesion. In a number of experiments, scientists have demonstrated this hypothesis by finding various striking lesion in glial cells before; during; after epilepsy. Blocking water channels and potassium channels over-expressed by astrocytes; blocking gap junction to decrease diffusion in glial networks; locating these lesion of glial cells and then neutralize the dysfunction are very promising ideas of designing drugs alleviating epilepsy. This paper introduces basic characters of glial cells, putting emphasis on their abnormalities within epileptic brains, corresponding therapy will be discussed.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: an Introduction to Physicians
Authors: Yao Yanxi
Published: January 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammatory responses around joints, resulting in pain or restricted movement. In the last two decades, RA has received increasing attention with a better understanding of its pathogenesis and the development of innovative treatment methods. Currently, the management of RA focuses on early diagnosis and persistent treatment to control disease progression and alleviate symptoms. This review aims to summarize the diagnosis and treatment of RA with respect to published classification criteria and guidelines. The combined diagnosis based on biomarkers and clinical symptoms covers the preclinical phase of RA for higher sensitivity while maintaining high precision. In RA treatment, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids (GCs) are often used to rapidly alleviate symptoms in conjunction with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs, especially methotrexate) to inhibit the underlying disease mechanism. Future improvements in the diagnosis (new biomarkers) and treatment (better monitoring and drugs) can provide more effective management of RA.
Oncolytic Viruses, An Emerging Anti-Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Achievements and Future Directions
Authors: Wang Siru
Published: January 2024

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are currently influencing biological cancer therapy. It is a recently created immunotherapy that has been approved to treat cancer and can promote the death of specific cell types to promote antitumor immunological effects. Given the complicated conditions in the tumor micro environment (TME), trials involving the use of OVs demonstrated that OVs could potentially be utilized independently or in combination with other therapies like radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as surgery. While immune suppression against tumors is of critical importance in OV therapy, concurrent antiviral immune responses should also be taken into consideration. Because of this, antiviral immune responses limit OV infections and replication, which also restricts the oncolytic effects of OVs. Recent studies on the operation and mechanics of OVs and how they are employed in clinics has produced results that are encouraging for the future. This review outlined the traits and biological categories of potential OVs, presented the findings of clinical trials, and discussed combinations with other forms of cancer therapy.
CRISPR-Cas9: A Promising Tool in Developing Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
Authors: Yang Haoyi
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) impacts millions of people worldwide, causing cognitive impairment that can get more and more severe as the patients age. Such a disease can also severely impact patients’ lives in the late stage. AD is a sporadic and familial disease. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein aggregates directly link to AD pathogenesis, leading to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. When amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) has mutations on the genetic level, patients are likely to have familial AD. In addition, the presenilin (PSEN) gene is another target gene for AD research. Unfortunately, the existing therapies are still ineffective as they can only delay AD progression but cannot stop nor reverse it. Recently, CRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as a promising gene-editing tool in AD research. CRISPR-Cas9 is an outstanding tool compared with the first two generations of gene editing techniques, as CRISPR-Cas9 is cheaper and more efficient. It can create desired mutations in precise positions to target gene sequences, thus potentially manipulating the genes related to familial AD. By mitigating the overproduction of Aβ and tau protein aggregates, researchers aim to slow down or halt the disease progression. CRISPR-Cas9 has significant potential in constructing AD models, screening AD pathogenic genes, and developing targeted therapies for AD. Such a technique offers scientists a better understanding of AD pathogenesis and enlightens more efficient genetic therapies. This review systematically illustrates the CRISPR-Cas9 system and further explains its implementation in AD model constructions, pathogenic genes searching, and potential treatment for AD.
CAR-T Therapy in Treating Solid Tumor: Application and Limitations
Authors: Lin Liwen
Published: January 2024

CAR-T therapy has emerged as a revolutionary approach in the battle against cancer. By leveraging the body's own immune system, this technique harnesses the power of T cells, which are genetically engineered to recognize specific antigens found on cancer cells. The procedure involves isolating lymphocytes from patients, followed by laboratory-based genetic modifications to infuse them with distinct CAR genes. Once these enhanced CAR-T cells are reintroduced into the patient, they actively target and neutralize cancer cells. However, the journey of CAR-T therapy is not without challenges. The selection of the right antigen is paramount, as an incorrect choice can lead to unintended consequences. Moreover, the application of this therapy in solid tumors presents its own set of complexities. This review aims to shed light on the clinical potential of CAR-T therapy, the obstacles faced in the realm of solid tumor treatment, and the ongoing research endeavors to refine and improve this promising therapeutic strategy.
Challenges in Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Jiang Anmei
Published: January 2024

At present, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a hot topic in biology, medicines and other fields. It is a neurodegenerative disorder which is one of the main causes of dementia globally, and population of AD patients is predicted to continue increasing, leading to heavy burden on both health care resource and financial cost. There are numerous new research results considered potentially contribute to new diagnosis or treatment methods of AD annually, but it still lacks a treatment to completely cure this disease, and even though the biomarkers of AD can be detected in the preclinical stage which is more than 10 years early than onset clinical symptoms appear, most of patients are diagnosed after they have cognitive impairments and other symptoms. It still needs to solve challenges on different aspects to find more effective diagnosis methods and treatments. This review briefly summarizes the challenges in early diagnosis and treatment of AD occurring in research or clinical practice in recent years and analysis the reasons and potential study directions of solving these challenges, aiming to give suggestions to help further research.
Protection and Progress of the Marine Environment
Authors: Li Zhuoqing
Published: January 2024

The marine environment is an important part of the earth's ecosystem and is of great significance to maintaining the earth's ecological balance and the sustainable development of human beings. However, due to undue interference and pollution from human activities, the marine environment is facing serious threats. The aim is to explore the importance of protecting the marine environment and propose some feasible measures to reduce marine pollution and protect marine biodiversity. In a word, the research on marine environmental protection is of great significance for maintaining ecological balance, protecting endangered species, regulating climate, rationally utilizing resources and reducing environmental pollution. Through scientific research and reasonable management, we can protect and make good use of marine resources and create good conditions for future sustainable development. In recent years, various countries and the United Nations government have formulated many laws and policies on ocean protection, but these laws are still flawed and need to be improved and supplemented.
Social Dynamics and Intelligence of Killer Whales (Orcinus Orca)
Authors: He Zeyu
Published: January 2024

The present study undertakes a comprehensive investigation into the behavioral and social complexity of Orcinus orca, commonly referred to as killer whales. Utilizing a multimodal approach that combines acoustic analysis, behavioral observation, and social network mapping, this research addresses four primary dimensions: the species' specialized communication techniques, intricate social structures, cooperative hunting strategies, and evidence for cultural transmission. Our analysis reveals that killer whales employ diverse acoustic and non-acoustic signals, enabling intricate communication networks essential for social bonding and collaborative behaviors. Social structures within pods are observed to be highly hierarchical, often influenced by matrilineal lineages, thereby indicating advanced social organization. Cooperative hunting strategies differ depending on prey type and local environmental conditions, reflecting a high degree of behavioral adaptability and specialization. The study also furnishes compelling evidence for the cultural transmission of learned behaviors across generations, suggesting a complexity often attributed solely to primates. Understanding these multidimensional characteristics holds substantial implications for the broader marine biology animal cognition field, especially for conserving this apex predator. However, it is essential to note the limitations of this study, including potential observer bias, restricted sample size due to observational limitations, and the inconclusive nature of some findings on cultural transmission. Further research is imperative, both to validate and extend these results. Advancements in remote sensing technologies and machine learning algorithms offer promising avenues for future research, which is pivotal for developing nuanced and effective conservation strategies for Orcinus orca in an era of rapidly changing oceanic ecosystems.
Impacts Of Changes in Vegetation Structure on Elephant Habitat and Relationship to Human Conflict
Authors: Yuan Xichun
Published: January 2024

With global climate change, ecosystems and biodiversity are facing unprecedented threats. Yunnan, as an important region for biodiversity, is experiencing significant vegetation structural changes, which have far-reaching impacts on its endemic elephant populations. This study focuses on how climate change-induced changes in vegetation structure affect Yunnan's elephant habitat and its conflict with humans. The study found that the elephants' traditional habitats have been severely fragmented due to climate change-induced forest degradation and grassland changes, forcing them to engage in more frequent conflicts with the local residents. This ecological change not only threatens the survival of elephants, but also puts enormous economic and livelihood pressures on the local communities. In addition, elephants' migration routes and behavioral patterns have been significantly altered as a result. This study reveals the complex impacts of climate change on biodiversity and human life, and emphasizes the urgency of taking appropriate measures to protect the ecological balance.
Criteria for Return to Sport after ACL Injury
Authors: Chen Kailai
Published: January 2024

This review study seeks to give a general overview of the requirements for ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) recovery and return to sports. ACL tears are a common occurrence in athletes, and deciding whether it is safe for the players to return to play presents considerable hurdles. This paper examines the current understanding of various considerations and tests involved in the decision-making process. These considerations encompass functional assessments, including ligament stability tests, balance tests, single-leg hop tests, psychological factors, and so on. The review concludes with some prevalent and valid tests. The predictive value in assessing the risk of reinjury can guide the patient back to play. It is necessary for patients to follow those criteria in order to back to sport safely. Additionally, some other considerations, such as pain and psychological factors, can determine if a patient can return to sports and predict the possibility of re-injury.
Ethnic and Individual Variations in Long COVID-19 Symptoms
Authors: Zhou Keyan
Published: January 2024

Many countries, regions and ethnic groups have found that some people continue to have symptoms months or even years after being infected with the coronavirus, so researchers have studied the differences between different ethnic groups in order to better provide medical services. Therefore, on the basis of these studies, this paper summarizes some of these differences, hoping to be helpful in the future treatment, in the face of different races and their own conditions, to make the best treatment plan. All of the pertinent information for this review was retrieved from Pubmed using the search term "long COVID," which also included case-control studies, observational studies, cross-sectional studies, and retrospective studies from Chinese and English sources. According to the title and the content of the abstract, 10 articles were selected according to certain criteria. Standardized data extraction table was used to extract research features. In this review, we found that the main symptoms of COVID are similar, but there are subtle differences between different ethnic groups, as well as differences in individual factors. Various studies have shown that sequelae vary by race, with differences in nerve damage and lung damage. In addition, the age, obesity degree and gender of individuals within the same ethnic group can also have differences in the symptoms of long COVID. This review provides a new way to explore the differences in COVID-19 symptoms, search for racial and individual differences, provide new ideas for follow-up health policies, and draw people's attention to better protect their health.
Research of Computer Sensor Technology in the Examination of Energy Metabolism of Preschool Children with Muscle Inactivity
Authors: Yang Huanqi
Published: January 2024

At present, the accelerometer has gradually become a general-purpose instrument that can objectively measure human movement, and has been gradually applied to the research on the human movement of preschool children. Among them, the accelerometer is used to measure the human movement of preschool children. methodological research. It mainly includes: determination of exercise intensity threshold, estimation of exercise energy consumption, estimation of exercise energy consumption, etc. This article compares the parameters, functional characteristics and evaluation indicators of the three most common accelerometers used for physical activity measurement in preschool children. The purpose is to provide some methodological references for relevant researchers in the field of children's physical activity.
Application Of Exercise Therapy in Scoliosis Rehabilitation
Authors: Lin Yutong , Zang Yuetong , Zhang Chengrong
Published: January 2024

Scoliosis affects people of all ages, especially young adults. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is a common deformity and has a high prevalence. In the early stages, its progress is difficult to detect, but the harm is not underestimated. Therefore, early detection and early intervention or treatment awareness are particularly important for scoliosis. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the classification and diagnosis of scoliosis. Also, the various treatments for different types and degrees of scoliosis are heavily discussed in this paper. A wide range of factors can influence and pace the development of scoliosis, for example, nutrition, genetics, and even sex (females are more prone to have severe scoliosis than males). Currently, due to a limited understanding of the causes and development of spinal deformities, there are no comprehensive, widespread, and recognized effective treatments to prevent or alleviate scoliosis, which means that each case of scoliosis must be managed and cared for with its unique characteristics.
Applicability limitations and mismatched populations of chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Yingting
Published: January 2024

In the past ten years, the research have witnessed the emergence of new tumor immune precision targeted therapy CAR-T cells, which has opened up a new path for tumor treatment. CAR-T cell therapy has been approved for the treatment of hematological tumors, but its role in solid tumors is still unsatisfactory, so many studies have explored combination therapies to improve the efficacy of CAR-T therapy in solid tumors, and although CAR-T cell therapy has a good effect on the treatment of hematologic tumors, there are still non-expressed cases.3 Combination immunomodulators. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy is a new type of immunotherapy in the field of tumors, and CAR-T therapy for solid tumors faces many challenges due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment of solid tumors and the heterogeneity of antigen expression. This paper mainly focuses on the range of treated people of chimeric receptor T cells, and roughly summarizes some of the suitable populations through a large number of literature readings and fusion citations, which aims to help more accurately locate the treated population.
Current Targets For CAR-T Therapy Used in Experiments for The Treatment of Thoracic Cancer
Authors: Chen Yanjun
Published: January 2024

Cancer can progress rapidly and cause death within months. Methods of treatment have merited attention. Cart-t cell treatment has been proven to be an emerging approach towards malignant tumours. Until now, successful results have been showing in treating blood tumours while targets or drugs for solid tumours are still under experiments. In this article, some common and potential targets for better treatment effects against thoracic cancer have been introduced. Thoracic cancer consists of those malignant tumours that originate in the chest cavity, including lung cancer and breast cancer.
Current Technical Study on Functional Electrical Simulation for Stroke Patients
Authors: Shi Jiajie
Published: January 2024

Stroke is a disease caused by sudden rupture or blockage of cerebral blood vessels, resulting in damage to brain tissue. And it has become a high fatality rate disease. Safe and effective treatments are urgently needed. FES can improve upper and lower limb movement and increase mobility in stroke patients, which is an effective physical therapy to stimulate the recovery of muscle activity. FES releases low-frequency pulses through surface or subcutaneous electrodes to stimulate the contraction of the target muscle to generate movement and reestablish the connection of motor pathways. FES treatment alone is no longer sufficient. Based on 8 studies in the last 5 years, the therapeutic effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and VR combined with functional electrical simulation were reviewed. Both combinations have achieved quite satisfactory therapeutic effects, but the therapeutic effect of VR still needs further research, and more combinations of treatment programs are more worthy of expectation.
Identifying Novel Targets for Enhancing Anti-PD1 Immunotherapy in Melanoma
Authors: Hou Yunqi
Published: January 2024

Checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have become prominent treatments for advanced melanoma. However, these inhibitors are effective in less than half of patients, highlighting the need for new pathways and strategies to improve response rates. Analysis of RNA sequencing data from melanoma patients receiving anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy revealed an enrichment of FGFR signaling in nonresponders, which was associated with a poorer prognosis. Additionally, it was found that FGFR signaling is negatively correlated with B cell signaling in melanoma tumors. Conversely, B cell receptor signaling is enriched in responders' tumors and associated with a better prognosis. This suggests that inhibiting FGFR or increasing the activation of B cells may be novel therapeutic targets for melanoma patients and aid in checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Further validation is necessary to assess the impacts on anti-PD1/PD-L1 therapy response. Overall, characterizing distinguishable pathways between responders and nonresponders may lead to more personalized immunotherapy selections and improved clinical outcomes for advanced melanoma.
Esophageal Cancer: Etiology, Modern Treatment Methods and Future Directions
Authors: Bian Jiyuan
Published: January 2024

Esophageal cancer (EC) is globally recognized as the sixth most often diagnosed cancer and the eighth most frequent cancer in terms of total occurrence. At the time of diagnosis, it exhibits a notable fatality rate and poor healing outcomes. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is commonly brought on by carcinogens entering and exiting the esophageal mucosa directly, such as via mechanical stress, alcohol intake, smoking, and obesity. The main pathophysiologic pathway for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The treatment of different types of EC varies. The primary strategy for treating locally advanced malignancies is surgery, with the inclusion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy for combination management. The purpose of adding chemotherapy in EC is to lower the tumor stage, reduce the risk of the tumor, and facilitate subsequent targeted therapy. In this paper, we will discuss the etiology of EC, modern treatment methods and future directions.
Development and Applications of CRISPR/Cas system in cancer treatment
Authors: Liang Xinyuan
Published: January 2024

Cancer has been the most severe fatal illness that has bothered people for centuries, it’s caused by the combined action of various factors such as environmental factors, genetic factors, and the immune system of the body, and their pathogenesis is complex, and the specific mechanism cannot be fully elucidated. Humans search for cure methods to heal cancer. The main treatment for malignant tumors is chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. For those who are intolerant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy or those who miss their early stage and have lost the opportunity for surgery, there is still no specific and effective therapy for patients. This leads to poor prognosis for malignant tumors of patients and a low cure rate.  As people continuously explore new solutions, an experimental tool is emerging and providing hopes of curing. This tool is CRISPR/Cas system. By editing cells’ DNA that results in changes in cells’ expression, the CRISPR/CAR system may someday be able to diminish tumors without side effects. CAR-T therapy is one of the experimental therapies that altered T-cells to diminish infected cells. Currently, CAR-T cells are still encountering challenges and obstacles. After altering CAR-T cells by applying CRISPR/Cas system, the efficiency in inhibiting cancer cells increases. Applying the Cas system in developing CAR-T therapy is possible that this therapy can treat cancer patients on a large scale, have less or no side effects and increase survival rates of cancer.
Impact of Tobacco on Chronic Diseases and Coping Strategies
Authors: Yang Jiabaoyi
Published: January 2024

People's physical and mental health are affected by chronic diseases in varied degrees, including chronic lung diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic diseases. Chronic conditions that are not controlled and are left untreated for an extended length of time can result in psychological issues including mood disorders and place an increased strain on families and society. Finding the appropriate intervention targets and understanding the disease's pathogenic causes and mechanisms are now major concerns for society. With more study, it may become clear that tobacco smoking or the air pollution it produces are directly responsible for the development and progression of chronic diseases. In order to help people better understand the relationship between tobacco use and chronic diseases and to identify and treat them at an early stage, this paper describes the effects of tobacco use and air pollution on various chronic diseases and their correlation with emotions. It also describes the corresponding interventions and preventive measures in accordance with the principle of the health impact pyramid.
Research progress on the targets and therapies of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Shen Beichen
Published: January 2024

Alzheimer 's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. Most of the patients have the following characteristics, such as abnormalities in memory, language, and behavioral ability. It is very common in dementia in the elderly. The pathological features are mainly the plaques formed by Aβ protein deposition and the neurofibrillary tangles. The causes of AD are complex, and there are many pathological hypotheses. The current clinical therapeutic drugs for AD are mainly cholinesterase inhibitors developed based on the cholinergic hypothesis and receptor antagonists targeting NMDA receptors. Although there are some research results on the targets based on other hypotheses, further research is needed for clinical application. Nevertheless, in recent years, there have been many new development directions, such as combination therapy. Multi-target combination therapy is expected to achieve better efficacy than traditional single-target therapy. This makes it even more important to develop drugs with different potential targets. This article introduces three current mainstream therapeutic targets and theories, and introduces the drugs based on them. At the same time, we also introduced 3 targets and therapies with good potential in the future, and introduced some current stage results and current drugs based on their research and development.
The structure and function of cell membrane receptor
Authors: Gao Zihan
Published: January 2024

Cell membrane receptors play a key role in regulating cell communication and maintaining cell homeostasis. This paper explores the complex relationship between the structure and function of cell membrane receptors, and elucidates their multiple roles in signal transduction, cellular response, and disease pathways. Different receptor types, including as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), ligand-gated ion channels, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and cytokine receptors, have varied structural properties that serve different biological purposes and are necessary for cell division, proliferation, and metabolism. The function of membrane receptors that translate extracellular signals into intracellular responses is diverse. The organization of lipid rafts and other receptors within membrane microdomains can influence signal transduction efficiency and specificity. There are inseparable interactions among receptor internalization, recycling and degradation, and regulating the duration and intensity of receptor signaling is closely related to the treatment of diseases. In summary, the current research status of cell membrane receptor structure and function is reviewed in this paper. It contributes to a broader understanding of how receptors regulate important cellular processes at the molecular level. Understanding the nuances of receptor structure-function relationships holds great promise for developing new therapeutic strategies and advancing drug discovery for a variety of diseases.
Factors and Prevention of Severe Symptoms in Elder Patients with Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Shen Siyan , Wang Shiyuan , Yu Yifei
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 epidemic has exacted an unfathomable toll on humanity, particularly on the elderly. This paper explores the causes of increased mortality and morbidity among middle-aged and elderly people during the pandemic. It's a combination of physical vulnerability, mental diseases and social factors. For older people, their immune systems are weaker than those of younger people and they have a higher likelihood of dying. On a psychological level, older people are more likely to feel lonely and empty than younger people. During the pandemic, the rate of depression among older adults increased by 0.7/8. On a social level, older adults face a greater risk of social isolation. According to various factors, this paper gives corresponding suggestions, such as strengthening personal protection, improving services in the public health system, introducing modern technology and focusing on mental health especially.
Analysis of Pharmaceutical Therapies for Primary Headache
Authors: Hua Anita Yuyan
Published: January 2024

Primary headaches, secondary headaches, neuropathies and facial pains, and other headaches are the four types of headache disorders, in which primary headache disorder includes migraine, cluster headache, tension-type headache, and new daily persistent headache. Pathologies of migraine and cluster headaches are still unclear but possible explanations are proved to be related to trigeminal neurons, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release, and neuroinflammation. This research listed these possible explanations and summarized the basic factors of migraine and cluster headache attacks. Based on the pathologies, various choices of therapies were introduced. This research mentioned typical pharmaceutical therapies for headaches, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol, 5-HT1 receptor agonists involving triptan and dihydroergotamine mesylate, opioids, caffeine, and botulinum toxin. Furthermore, new medications in recent studies, including CGRP antagonists and caffeine were noticed as well. Related reliable mechanisms and side effects of all these drugs were highlighted in this review. Realizing the pros and cons of current treating medications is significant for better understanding on mechanism of headaches and designing more effective drugs in order to offer better promise on treating therapies.
Osteosarcoma: Epidemiology, genetic mutations, and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wang ZiYang
Published: January 2024

Osteosarcoma accounts for about 3% of all childhood cancers and is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. It primarily peaks in adolescence, around the age of 15 - 19. However, it is still possible for adults to be affected by osteosarcoma. Current treatment for osteosarcoma includes a combination of surgical resection and chemotherapy. However, the increasing resistance to chemotherapy drugs has led to an increase in disease mortality. In addition, its complex genetic underpinnings contribute to its aggressive behavior and resistance to current therapies. This review explores osteosarcoma's epidemiology, potential risk factors, molecular mechanisms, and current diagnostic and treatment strategies. The disease exhibits a bimodal age distribution, with variations across racial and ethnic groups. Distinct genetic mutations, including TP53 and RB1, disrupt cell cycle regulation and drive uncontrolled proliferation. Despite advances in treatment, challenges such as resistance to chemotherapy persist. Emerging targeted therapies, including MDM2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors, offer promise, but further research is essential. The multifaceted nature of osteosarcoma necessitates collaborative efforts to enhance understanding, refine diagnostics, and develop innovative therapies.
Reactions Of Brachyponera Luteipes to Contacts with Different Social Insects
Authors: Chen Jieyu
Published: January 2024

Brachyponera chinensis, known as the Asian needle ants, is an ant species with complex behaviors. The main focus of this paper is if Brachyponera chinensis has the ability to sense the volatile chemical of termites and hunt them easily, does its close cousin, Brachyponera luteipes, react toward termites the same as them, and what will Brachyponera luteipes responses when it contacts with other social insects that live in the same habitat as them. This lecture will show the result of Brachyponera luteipes's reactions when contact with Brachyponera chinensis, Brachyponera luteipes, Reticulitermes qingdaoensis, and Pheidole nodus. Brachyponera luteipes also have techniques to hunt termites. Brachyponera luteipes do not have many techniques toward P. nodus, they avoid P. nodus soldiers. In conflicts with Brachyponera chinensis, Brachyponera luteipes shows a more aggressive attitude and takes a great advantage against Brachyponera chinensis. Information for this paper was gathered from Myrmecology and Ethology, to determine how Brachyponera luteipes is different from Brachyponera chinensis and how will it reacts toward different species that share the same habitat with it.
Preface: 4th International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering (AMCCE 2023)
Authors: Haywood Oswald , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2024

The 2023 4th International Conference on Automation, Mechanical Control and Computational Engineering (AMCCE 2023) was held in Athens, Greece during November 18-19, 2023, bringing together representatives of some of the best high-tech universities, institutions, and companies.

AMCCE 2023 is aimed at providing platform to exchange information on advanced R&D deliverables in the fields of automatic control, mechanical engineering, mechatronics, electrical engineering, and computational engineering, as well as discussing issues, presenting new devices, engineering solutions, software and systems, and bringing together academic research and industry for development of high-tech products.

This publication contains most of the papers presented during the conference. All papers selected here were subjected to peer reviewing process. As such, we would like to thank all reviewers, type-setting editors, and last but not least all committee members for the successful publication of this conference.

Organizing Committee of AMCCE 2023

Athens, Greece