bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Positive Psychology and Its Relation to Salutogenesis
Authors: Joseph Stephen , Sagy Shifra
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the authors propose integrating two paradigms – positive psychology and salutogenesis – and suggest a joint conceptual framework, which they term as ‘salutogenic positive psychology’. Despite the differences between the two movements and their different theoretical roots, the authors believe that the integrative approach has greater utility in advancing psychological research on mental health and well-being.
The Application of Salutogenesis in Politics and Public Policy-Making
Authors: Maass Ruca , Kiland Charlotte , Espnes Geir Arild , Lillefjell Monica
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the authors thoroughly discuss the different possibilities of applying salutogenesis in politics and public policy. Politics is one of the upstream conditions that shape our individual lives as well as our society. Thus, asking about if and how salutogenesis can be applied to this field appears to be a most significant subject in Part IV of the Handbook relating to salutogenesis beyond health. In all of his writing about his model, Aaron Antonovsky emphasised how politics and policies contribute to shaping individual and collective abilities to strengthen salutogenic resources. The authors of this chapter approach this issue from the opposite direction, asking, ‘how can salutogenesis contribute to outlining strategies and structural processes linked to politics and policymaking?’ Their creative discussion succeeds in bringing the reader the utility of the salutogenic approach in addressing such issues.
Salutogenesis in Health Promoting Settings: A Synthesis Across Organizations, Communities, and Environments
Authors: Bauer Georg F.
Published: January 2022

Settings are defined by the World Health Organization (1998) as “the place or social context in which people engage in daily activities in which environmental, organizational, and personal factors interact to affect health and well-being.” Such settings range from small-scale home/family to (international) organizations and large cities and thus differ in size, in their degree of formalized organization and their relationships to society.

The chapters in Part V review how salutogenesis has been applied to health promotion research and practice in a broad range of settings: organizations in general, schools, higher education, workplace, military settings, neighborhood/communities, cities, and restorative environments. The following synthesis demonstrates that applying salutogenesis to various settings and linking salutogenesis with other models established in these settings has the great potential to generate ideas on how to advance the general salutogenic model.
Applying Salutogenesis in Organisations
Authors: Bauer Georg F. , Jenny Gregor J.
Published: January 2022

Organisations influence the health of society through three major paths: the health of their employees through working conditions, the health of their customers through the quality of their products or services and the population’s health at large through their socio-ecological impact. This chapter focuses on the first path of organisations’ impact on employee health through working conditions. It complements the chapter on salutogenic work by expanding the level of analysis to organisational characteristics. The chapter aims to be particularly applicable to for-profit organisations, in which it is exceptionally challenging to introduce a health agenda.
Applying Salutogenesis in the Workplace
Authors: Jenny Gregor J. , Bauer Georg F. , Vinje Hege Forbech , Brauchli Rebecca , Vogt Katharina , Torp Steffen
Published: January 2022

This chapter presents models, measures, and intervention approaches that relate to the double nature of work and its salutogenic quality. Hereby, the view of Aaron Antonovsky is enhanced insofar that health-promoting, salutogenic job characteristics are not solely understood as mitigating the pathogenic effects of stressors at work but have a distinct effect on positive health outcomes. In the chapter, Antonovsky’s original model is first specified and simplified for the context of work. Next, Antonovsky’s line of thinking is related to frameworks researching job resources and demands. After a review of the prevalence of salutogenic measures in worksite health promotion, the point of making salutogenesis more visible in work-related research and practice is elaborated. This is illustrated with a practical example of a survey-feedback process promoting salutogenic work.
Salutogenesis and Mental Health Promotion in Military Settings
Authors: Antonovsky Avishai
Published: January 2022

This chapter centers on salutogenic work in military settings in the context of mental health promotion. The author opens with a personal account of how he found himself engaging in salutogenic research within a military setting, and touches upon some moral questions that this research arena brings up. The author then describes negative consequences of military service, as a background for discussing some salutogenically oriented programs intended to enhance mental fitness of soldiers, accompanied by empirical research findings. Finally, the author suggests some insights and recommendations for further applications of salutogenesis in military settings.
The Application of Salutogenesis in Hospitals
Authors: Dietscher Christina , Winter Ulrike , Pelikan Jürgen M.
Published: January 2022

Hospitals, in developed countries the center of curative health care in practice, research, and education, still have a dominantly pathogenic orientation. Therefore, salutogenic principles definitely have to offer quality improvement of cure and care in hospitals. But salutogenesis also is a considerable challenge to be implemented in hospitals, and hospitals are challenging for health and salutogenesis promoters. In this chapter, the authors first demonstrate how salutogenesis, if understood as a specific dimension of hospital quality, could considerably contribute to better health gain for patients and hospital staff. Second, drawing on a comprehensive literature search, it is highlighted which aspects of salutogenesis in relation to hospitals already are covered in descriptive and intervention research focusing on patients (and family members), staff, and the hospital as an organization.
Applying Salutogenesis in Midwifery Practice
Authors: Muggleton Sally , Davis Deborah
Published: January 2022

This chapter presents midwifery as unique amongst the healthcare professions because it mostly focuses on physiological processes and a period of transition in the life of a woman and her family. Thus, midwives work across a childbearing continuum and the health-ease dis-ease continuum. The “midwifery model of care” and its approach to childbearing focuses on wellness rather than illness and works closely with women to help them mobilize their own resources to move towards greater health. But the contrasting pathogenic approach to maternity care is still ubiquitous in contemporary healthcare provision with over-medicalization of childbirth and overuse of interventions, which can also cause more harm than good.

While there is resonance between midwifery practice and salutogenesis, research examining the relationship is still in its infancy. Few researchers explicitly draw on salutogenic theory. Of these, few studies and scoping reviews are described in more detail. They suggest that there is an alignment between salutogenesis and midwifery practice.

The chapter concludes by stressing that salutogenesis, with its focus on health rather than pathology, offers a promising way forward to underline that much of midwifery work is health promotion and must be operationalized accordingly in midwifery practice.
Applying Salutogenesis in Community-Wide Mental Health Promotion
Authors: Koushede Vibeke , Donovan Robert
Published: January 2022

This chapter highlights the relevance of mental health as a resource and risk for population health and describes mental health problems and related financial and social implications for society, which has led to an increased focus on prevention of mental health problems in health policy lately. Using the river metaphor of salutogenesis and a mental health ease–disease continuum, mental health is seen not as a stable trait but rather as a constant process, which needs to be protected and promoted. Thus, mental health promotion is foremost focused on protective factors and promoting mental health resources at different levels of society and is relevant to everyone.

The authors also present and describe the ‘Act-Belong-Commit’/‘ABCs of Mental Health’ Campaign, a world-first comprehensive, population-wide, community-based mental health promotion campaign designed to promote mental health and prevent mental ill health.
Salutogenesis in Challenging Social Circumstances and Environments
Authors: Lindström Bengt
Published: January 2022

Part VII, Salutogenesis in Challenging Social Circumstances and Environments, is new to the 2nd Edition of The Handbook of Salutogenesis, addressing the utility of a salutogenic approach in coping with extreme and challenging environments. In the chapters of Part VII, we are on a path following Antonovsky’s footsteps, seeking constructive solutions in seemingly impossible situations. The settings included in the chapters are heterogeneous and stem from diverse geographic locations.
Salutogenic Approaches to Dementia Care
Authors: Golembiewski Jan A. , Zeisel John
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the authors address salutogenic approaches in dementia care support, using a resident-centred model of care. Securing patients’ sense of coherence in care settings requires shifting the locus of decision-making power from only staff, to include residents. In this approach, patients manage more tasks themselves, they get not only what they need but also what they want and they engage meaningfully with others and with life in general. The authors explain that implementing salutogenic models of dementia care is not a simple task. It involves reimagining approaches to interpersonal communication, the thoughtful development of meaningful and enjoyable activities, and creative inclusion and engagement of friends and family. Supportive design of facilities includes spaces that provide choice, opportunities for social interaction, and memory-triggering cues that inform persons living with dementia about where they are, who they are, what there is to do to keep occupied, who other people are – in sum, environments that remind  them that they are meaningfully engaged, safe and happy. The authors contend that replacing old-fashioned approaches to care with life-affirming environments is richly rewarding. They explain that success in making this switch requires professionals to pivot away from models that see dementia primarily as a disease to be cured, towards seeing living with dementia in terms of maximum health and well-being. They conclude that salutogenesis is a useful theory to guide this transition.
Aaron Antonovsky’s Development of Salutogenesis, 1979–1994
Authors: Vinje Hege Forbech , Langeland Eva , Bull Torill
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the authors present a summary of Aaron Antonovsky’s development of the salutogenic model of health (SMH), along with life events of Antonovsky until his untimely death in 1994. The chapter is based on the authorship of Antonovsky himself. Papers written in his last years, in which he looks back and comments on how his thinking developed, have been of particular value. These papers come in addition to the publications in which he originally introduced his ideas. In the SMH, there are important concepts, the development of which we trace in this chapter: stress, breakdown, resources, sense of coherence (SOC), and health. While no summary can replace the value of Antonovsky’s voluminous productivity on salutogenesis, the reader of this chapter will receive a quite in-depth introduction to Salutogenesis’s main lines of development under the guiding hands of its founding theoretician.
Salutogenesis and the Mental Health of First Responders
Authors: Antonovsky Avishai
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the author addresses salutogenesis and the mental health of first responders (FRs). Research has observed FRs to be prone to psychological distress and psychopathology resulting from their repeated exposure to potentially traumatic events. Most of the literature is focused on postevent treatment. The author discusses a mental fitness model that includes salutogenically oriented psychoeducation and other activities to enhance mental fitness among FRs and build their psychological strengths as they face adversities on their job.

In closing, the author recommends that besides psychopathology-oriented programs intended for providing mental first aid to FRs and for the communities who experience potentially traumatic events, intervention also should include salutogenically based mental preparation programs. These should emphasize the strengths and resources that could help FRs arrive at scenes of disaster equipped with salutogenic resources, at the strategic as well as tactical levels.
Qualitative Approaches to the Study of the Sense of Coherence
Authors: Antonovsky Avishai , Olswang Gillie Pragai , Vaandrager Lenneke
Published: January 2022

In recent years, there has been rapid growth in qualitative studies of the sense of coherence (SOC). This chapter aims to address the following questions: how is the SOC measured qualitatively, when is such measurement relevant or preferable, and what should we strive to achieve as we continue developing qualitative approaches?

Based on our search of the literature, we report on four types of research: studies that intentionally and directly measured the SOC using qualitative methodologies, studies designed within the salutogenic framework that were open to analyzing people’s life stories or artwork and which looked for expressions which reflect the SOC, studies interpreting their findings in hindsight in terms of the SOC, and studies that did not originate with salutogenesis in mind and came to appreciate that something akin to the SOC had been measured.

Qualitative salutogenic research is expanding. Its theoretical and empirical contributions include demonstrating the utility in SOC research of thick descriptions of microanalytic behaviors and methods to document SOC development. An important step for the future is to develop quality criteria for qualitative salutogenic studies.
Promoting Salutogenic Capacity in Health Professionals
Authors: Langeland Eva , Ausland Liv Hanson , Gunnarsdottir Hrafnhildur , Arveklev Susanna H. , Vinje Hege Forbech
Published: January 2022

From a salutogenic perspective, relational and reflective competencies are key to the success of competence building. Reflecting on and exploring one’s (life) experience in a continuous learning process can enhance salutogenic competence.

This chapter, whose authors have many years of experience building health professionals’ salutogenic competence, is nicely illustrated with teaching and coaching examples drawn from (a) a master’s programme for students in various health professions, (b) salutogenic talk-therapy groups, (c) students in health promotion training programmes, and (d) on-the-job training of healthcare professionals working in childcare services.

The chapter discusses the concept of “self-tuning,” referring to habitual self-sensitivity, reflection, and mobilising of resources, which can play a central role in all types of training. This chapter emphasises that trainers should strive to “live the talk,” developing their personal salutogenic capacity – in other words, do what you teach and be what you teach.
Salutogenesis for Thriving Societies
Authors: Mittelmark Maurice B. , Eriksson Monica , Sagy Shifra , Pelikan Jürgen M. , Vaandrager Lenneke , Meier Magistretti Claudia , Lindström Bengt , Bauer Georg F.
Published: January 2022

This chapter is this handbook’s ‘grand finale’, addressing the potential of salutogenesis to nurture thriving societies. The handbook’s editors reflect on the advancement of salutogenesis concerning theory development, applying the salutogenic model in community settings and helping society tackle crises such as COVID-19.
The Sense of Coherence: The Concept and Its Relationship to Health
Authors: Eriksson Monica
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, the theoretical framework of the salutogenic model of health is described, with special focus on the key concepts and reflection on the ontological and epistemological background of the health model, which so far is little explored and described. Essential in the salutogenic model of health is the understanding of health as a process in a continuum, the health ease/dis-ease continuum. This is described and explained in the chapter. Some evidence of the relationship between sense of coherence (SOC) and health is presented.
Encountering Colonial Worlds Through Missionary Maps in the Late-Nineteenth-Century Grand Duchy of Finland
Authors: Skurnik Johanna
Published: January 2022

This chapter examines how the Finnish Missionary Society utilized mass-produced maps and related reading materials to fuel geographical imaginations that concerned non-European populations and lands to gain support for the missionary cause between 1859 and the mid-1890s. The chapter shows how the maps and texts entangled the Finnish audiences with the processes of colonization in complex ways: they reproduced discussions concerning human difference, generated geographies of cannibalism, and entwined Finnish missionary work with discourse of colonial philanthropy. Once the FMS started its own mission in Owambo, the maps were utilized to bridge the geographical distance and make the colonial space of “Ovamboland” their own.
Introduction: An Overview of the Research
Authors: Păunescu Carmen , Lepik Katri-Liis , Spencer Nicholas
Published: January 2022

The ambition for this book is to demonstrate how higher education institutions (HEIs) can respond to societal challenges, support positive social change and influence the international public discourse on social innovation. It attempts to answer the question, ‘how does the present higher education system, in different countries, promote social innovation and create social change and impact’. In answering this question, the book identifies factors driving success as well as obstacles. The book offers suggestions about how the present system can be improved both based on existing data and international literature on social innovation in higher education. The book presents a selected set of peer reviewed chapters presenting different perspectives against which relevant actors can identify and analyse social innovation in HEIs.
“Thinking outside the Box”: Social Innovations Emerging from Academic Nursing-Community Partnerships
Authors: Zlotnick Cheryl , McDonnell-Naughton Mary
Published: January 2022

Nurses comprise the largest group of healthcare workers in the world. Increasingly, nurses in higher education institutions are collaborating with not-for-profit and community-based organisations to devise programs, projects and interventions that benefit both their students’ education and individuals in the community. This chapter describes an integrative review of these academic nursing-community partnerships, focusing on the nurses’ roles, the students’ role and the lessons learned from the partnership strategies that blend the expertise of the community members and nurses in higher education.
Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions as a Driver of Social Oriented Innovations
Authors: Kaputa Vladislav , Loučanová Erika , Tejerina-Gaite Fernando A.
Published: January 2022

Higher education institutions have in the digital transformation an opportunity to facilitate access to education for individuals of different social backgrounds. At the same time, it will provide them with the necessary tools and skills to face current global problems (poverty, health quality, income disparities, environmental crises, among others) from a transdisciplinary perspective. Progress in the digitalization of higher education has been significantly accelerated by the onset of a pandemics in early 2020 (in European conditions). Such a rapid and massive transition to distance (online) education with comprehensive support for digital technologies is unparalleled. The survey conducted reflects the consequences of this change. Results shows that digital transformation improves some of the most demanded skills in the new knowledge society (searching and processing information, digital communication and socialization or working with text). Likewise, it has an important role in reducing costs related to education, but also in degradation of abilities in personal communication.
The Role of Higher Education Institutions in Development of Social Entrepreneurship: The Case of Tallinn University Social Entrepreneurship Study Program, Estonia
Authors: Lepik Katri-Liis , Urmanavičienė Audronė
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce a higher education social enterprise program and explore how it is shaping the field of social entrepreneurship. Social enterprise related university programs are an emerging trend. Entrepreneurial university theory and ecosystem framework are used to illustrate how the university social enterprise program, in turn, develops the field of social entrepreneurship. An example of an existing social enterprise program is discussed to highlight how it can be designed. Cases of social enterprises emerged as the result of the program are used to outline the different impacts that such support to social entrepreneurship might have. The research chapter reveals the multi-dimensional nature of the social enterprise program and its impact on students establishing their own social enterprises. It suggests that the incubation and other support activities should expand beyond the university program including a variety of network partners. The chapter provides empirical evidence of social enterprise development in a higher education institution and contributes to the global body of knowledge about fostering social enterprise development. As the provision of social entrepreneurship education is new in Estonia and the discussions on social enterprises are premature, the number of social entrepreneurship development partners is limited and hence the empirical data is currently scarce. The journey towards an entrepreneurial university is limited due to the lack of legal support and suitable infrastructure which would enhance project-based learning, support ‘spin-offs’ and patenting and rather engenders a more traditional academic learning environment.
The Role of Higher Education in Creating Socially Responsible Innovations: A Case Study of the EIT Food RIS Consumer Engagement Labs Project
Authors: Klincewicz Krzysztof , Zatorska Magdalena , Wielicka-Regulska Anna
Published: January 2022

The chapter discusses the concept of socially responsible innovations and links it to the third mission of universities, understood in terms of social engagement of the higher education institutions. It presents the case study of the EIT Food RIS Consumer Engagement Labs project (funded by the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, EIT, in the framework of Regional Innovation Scheme, RIS). The project has been rolled out to 14 European countries. It serves as a successful example of universities orchestrating the process of co-creation of new products, which involves consumers and producers. The process aimed to address societal challenges and serve the needs of a vulnerable group of senior citizens by developing new food products, proposed by the elderly consumers and matching their specific needs and requirements. It looks at the project experiences through the lenses of inclusion and responsiveness, which allow the universities to combine social responsibility with commercially attractive innovations. Universities involved in the project were playing the role of “interpreters”, linking companies and consumers, facilitating the creative activities and ensuring the methodological and ethical soundness of the co-creation processes.
Machine Learning for Scientific Data Analysis
Authors: Scalia Gabriele
Published: January 2022

Over the last few years, machine learning has revolutionized countless areas and fields. Nowadays, AI bears promise for analyzing, extracting knowledge, and driving discovery across many scientific domains such as chemistry, biology, and genomics. However, the specific challenges posed by scientific data demand to adapt machine learning techniques to new requirements. We investigate machine learning-driven scientific data analysis, focusing on a set of key requirements. These include the management of uncertainty for complex data and models, the estimation of system properties starting from low-volume and imprecise collected data, the support to scientific model development through large-scale analysis of experimental data, and the machine learning-driven integration of complementary experimental technologies.
Sensor-Assisted Cooperative Localization and Communication in Multi-agent Networks
Authors: Brambilla Mattia
Published: January 2022

This brief highlights research advances on cooperative techniques for localization and communication. These two macro trends are investigated in the general context of mobile multi-agent networks for situational awareness applications, where time-varying agents of unknown locations are asked to fulfill positioning and information sharing tasks. Cooperative localization is conceived for both active and passive agents, i.e., targets to be detected and localized, and it is analyzed in vehicular and maritime environments. Communication is investigated for vehicular scenarios, where vehicles are requested to share massive data in the perspective development of connected and automated mobility systems. Both research areas rely on the integration of heterogeneous sensors and communication. Specifically, it is studied how to improve localization by exploring communication techniques as well as how to enhance communication performances by extracting information from perception sensors. The dynamic environment of multi-agent systems calls for robust, flexible and adaptive techniques, capable of profitably fuse different types of information, and the outcomes of these researches show how a statistical approach based on cooperation guarantees higher resilience, reliability and confidence.
Optimal Management and Control of Smart Thermal-Energy Grids
Authors: Spinelli Stefano
Published: January 2022

This work deals with the development of novel algorithms and methodologies for the optimal management and control of thermal and electrical energy units operating in a networked configuration. The aim of the work is to foster the creation of a smart thermal-energy grid (smart-TEG), by providing supporting tools for the modeling of subsystems and their optimal control and coordination. A hierarchical scheme is proposed to optimally address the management and control issues of the smart-TEG. Different methods are adopted to deal with the features of the specific generation units involved, e.g., multi-rate MPC approaches, or linear parameter-varying strategies for managing subsystem nonlinearity. An advanced scheme based on ensemble model is also conceived for a network of homogeneous units operating in parallel. Moreover, a distributed optimization algorithm for the high-level unit commitment problem is proposed to provide a robust, flexible and scalable scheme.
Low-Noise Mixed-Signal Electronics for Closed-Loop Control of Complex Photonic Circuits
Authors: Zanetto Francesco
Published: January 2022

An increasing research effort is being carried out to profit from the advantages of photonics not only in long-range telecommunications but also at short distances, to implement board-to-board or chip-to-chip interconnections. In this context, Silicon Photonics emerged as a promising technology, allowing to integrate optical devices in a small silicon chip. However, the integration density made possible by Silicon Photonics revealed the difficulty of operating complex optical architectures in an open-loop way, due to their high sensitivity to fabrication parameters and temperature variations. In this chapter, a low-noise mixed-signal electronic platform implementing feedback control of complex optical architectures is presented. The system exploits the ContactLess Integrated Photonic Probe, a non-invasive detector that senses light in silicon waveguides by measuring their electrical conductance. The CLIPP readout resolution has been maximized thanks to the design of a low-noise multichannel ASIC, achieving an accuracy better than −35 dBm in light monitoring. The feedback loop to stabilize the behaviour of photonic circuits is then closed in the digital domain by a custom mixed-signal electronic platform. Experimental demonstrations of optical communications at high data-rate confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Model, Integrate, Search... Repeat: A Sound Approach to Building Integrated Repositories of Genomic Data
Authors: Bernasconi Anna
Published: January 2022

A wealth of public data repositories is available to drive genomics and clinical research. However, there is no agreement among the various data formats and models; in the common practice, data sources are accessed one by one, learning their specific descriptions with tedious efforts. In this context, the integration of genomic data and of their describing metadata becomes—at the same time—an important, difficult, and well-recognized challenge. In this chapter, after overviewing the most important human genomic data players, we propose a conceptual model of metadata and an extended architecture for integrating datasets, retrieved from a variety of data sources, based upon a structured transformation process; we then describe a user-friendly search system providing access to the resulting consolidated repository, enriched by a multi-ontology knowledge base. Inspired by our work on genomic data integration, during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak we successfully re-applied the previously proposed model-build-search paradigm, building on the analogies among the human and viral genomics domains. The availability of conceptual models, related databases, and search systems for both humans and viruses will provide important opportunities for research, especially if virus data will be connected to its host, provider of genomic and phenotype information.
Constant Factor Approximation for Tracking Paths and Fault Tolerant Feedback Vertex Set
Authors: Blažej Václav , Choudhary Pratibha , Knop Dušan , Křišt’an Jan Matyáš , Suchý Ondřej , Valla Tomáš
Published: January 2022

Consider a vertex-weighted graphGwith a sourcesand a targett.Tracking Pathsrequires finding a minimum weight set of vertices (trackers) such that the sequence of trackers in each path fromstotis unique. In this work, we derive a factor 66-approximation algorithm forTracking Pathsin weighted graphs and a factor 4-approximation algorithm if the input is unweighted. This is the first constant factor approximation for this problem. While doing so, we also study approximation of the closely relatedr-Fault Tolerant Feedback Vertex Setproblem. There, for a fixed integer rand a given vertex-weighted graphG, the task is to find a minimum weight set of vertices intersecting every cycle of Gin at least $$r+1$$r+1vertices. We give a factor$$\mathcal {O}(r^2)$$O(r2)approximation algorithm forr-Fault Tolerant Feedback Vertex Setifris a constant.
GNSS Positioning Security: Automatic Anomaly Detection on Reference Stations
Authors: Lebrun Stéphanie , Kaloustian Stéphane , Rollier Raphaël , Barschel Colin
Published: January 2022

The dependency of critical infrastructures on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) keeps increasing over the years. This over-reliance brings concerns as those systems are vulnerable and consequently prone to human-made perturbations, such as jamming and spoofing attacks. Solutions for detecting such disturbances are therefore crucially needed to raise GNSS users’ awareness and protection. This paper suggests an approach for detecting anomalous events (i.e., potentially an attack attempt) based on measurements recorded by Continuously Operating GNSS Reference Stations (CORS). Precisely, the anomaly detection process first consists in modeling the normal behavior of a given signal thanks to a predictive model which combines the Seasonal and Trend decomposition using LOESS and ARIMA algorithms. This model can then be used to predict the upcoming measurement values. Finally, we compare the predictions to the actual observations with a statistical rule and assess if those are normal or anomalous. While our anomaly detection approach is intended for real-time use, we assess its effectiveness on historical data. For simplicity and independence, we also focus on the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio only, though similar methods could apply to other observables. Our results prove the sensitivity of the proposed detection on a reported case of unintentional disturbance. Other anomalies in the historical data are also uncovered using that methodology and presented in this paper.
The Cost of Incidents in Essential Services—Data from Swedish NIS Reporting
Authors: Franke Ulrik , Turell Johan , Johansson Ivar
Published: January 2022

The NIS Directive aims to increase the overall level of cyber security in the EU and establishes a mandatory reporting regime for operators of essential services and digital service providers. While this reporting has attracted much attention, both in society at large and in the scientific community, the non-public nature of reports has led to a lack of empirically based research. This paper uses the unique set of all the mandatory NIS reports in Sweden in 2020 to shed light on incident costs. The costs reported exhibit large variability and skewed distributions, where a single or a few higher values push the average upwards. Numerical values are in the range of tens to hundreds of kSEK per incident. The most common incident causes are malfunctions and mistakes, whereas attacks are rare. No operators funded their incident costs using loans or insurance. Even though the reporting is mandated by law, operator cost estimates are incomplete and sometimes difficult to interpret, calling for additional assistance and training of operators to make the data more useful.
Modellieren, Visualisieren und die Simulation dynamischer Systeme als Seamless Learning – Ein Beitrag zu diesem Prozess aus der Praxis am Beispiel eines Mathematikmoduls
Authors: Pickhardt Carola , Fuchs Hans U. , Dumont Elisabeth , Hügel Katrin , Witzig Andreas
Published: January 2022

Das Projekt MoSeL des IBH-Labs Seamless Learning befasst sich mit dem Modellieren, dem Visualisieren und der Simulation dynamischer Systeme als Seamless Learning. Die Ergebnisse der Arbeiten bieten Lösungsansätze für durchgängige Bildungs- und Arbeitsprozesse, welche zur Nutzung der Simulation dynamischer Systeme für eine (nachhaltige) Entscheidungsfindung befähigen. Hierzu gehört ein durchgängiger Kompetenzaufbau vom Modellieren zur Simulation dynamischer Systeme ebenso wie die Befähigung zur Kommunikation zwischen verschiedenen Berufs-und Arbeitsgruppen. Die Umsetzung der Lösungsansätze in der Praxis wird am Beispiel eines Mathematikmoduls in der Hochschullehre vorgestellt.
Einleitung
Authors: Vobbe Frederic , Kärgel Katharina
Published: January 2022

Die kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung des Alltags durch digitale Medien wird zunehmend täter*innenstrategisch instrumentalisiert. Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien werden ebenso wie technische Geräte und Datenträger zur Anbahnung, Verübung und Aufrechterhaltung sexualisierter Gewalt gegen Kinder und Jugendliche eingesetzt. Für Menschen, die zu sexualisierter Gewalt in Kindheit und Jugend arbeiten, sind Schlagzeilen über kursierende Nacktfotos im Klassenchat, Täter*innen-Netzwerke und Plattformen wie „Boystown“, auf denen Missbrauchsabbildungen getauscht werden, längst Alltagsrealität.
Missbrauchsabbildungen und die Orientierung am Kindeswohl: Finn & Lina
Authors: Vobbe Frederic , Kärgel Katharina
Published: January 2022

Der Schwerpunkt dieses Kapitels liegt auf der institutionellen Kinder- und Jugendhilfe sowie an diese gekoppelte Fach- und Rechtsbereiche. Im Fokus der Reflexionen stehen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Jugendamts, mittels Gefährdungseinschätzung einen Schutz des Kindeswohls vor potenziellen Missbrauchsabbildungen und deren Verbreitung herzustellen. Anschließend werden Herausforderungen der Sachverständigenbegutachtung in familiengerichtlichen Verfahren bei mediatisierter sexualisierter Gewalt behandelt. Das Kapitel ermöglicht angrenzenden Berufsfeldern, Ansätze der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe sowie familiengerichtliche Interventionen nachzuvollziehen.
Kinder und Jugendliche im Umgang mit digitalen Medien und mediatisierter sexualisierter Gewalt präventiv stärken
Authors: Vobbe Frederic , Kärgel Katharina
Published: January 2022

Die Falldiskussionen der Kap. 4 bis 10 widmen sich Maßnahmen der Intervention, sprich Maßnahmen, um Gefahren abzuwenden und Verletzungen sowie Folgeschäden zu reduzieren. Nach Braun (2016) stellt die Befähigung von Erwachsenen zur Intervention eine Form der Prävention dar. Prävention sei in Anlehnung an Caplan (1964) als das Vorbeugen (primär) und frühzeitige Erkennen bzw. Aufdecken (sekundär) sowie das Minimieren von Folgeschäden (tertiär) sexualisierter Gewalt in Kindheit und Jugend verstanden. Angesichts der Schnittstelle von Intervention und Prävention muss Letztere Prinzipien der (Krisen-)Intervention berücksichtigen. Das setzt sowohl Wissen über Gewaltdynamiken als auch darüber voraus, wie es Betroffenen und ihrem sozialen Umfeld geht. Mit diesem Schlusskapitel beschäftigen wir uns deswegen mit Maximen gelingender Prävention mediatisierter sexualisierter Gewalt innerhalb der pädagogischen Praxis.
Mediatisierte sexualisierte Gewalt gegen Kinder und Jugendliche
Authors: Vobbe Frederic , Kärgel Katharina
Published: January 2022

Verbreitete Vorstellungen von mediatisierter sexualisierter Gewalt werden durch Diskussionen über Cybergrooming (sexuelle Ausbeutung mittels digitaler Medien) durch „Fremdtäter*innen“ bzw. die Verbreitung und den Konsum von Missbrauchsabbildungen (Kinderpornografie) beherrscht (Vobbe & Kärgel, im Druck). Tatsächlich werden digitale Medien jedoch auch von Gewaltausübenden des sozialen Nahraums (z. B. Familienmitglieder, Mitarbeitende pädagogischer Einrichtungen) täter*innenstrategisch genutzt.
Erörterungen zu den Handlungsempfehlungen
Authors: Vobbe Frederic , Kärgel Katharina
Published: January 2022

Das Projekt HUMAN wurde in dem Bestreben umgesetzt, Empfehlungen zum fachlichen Umgang mit mediatisierter sexualisierter Gewalt in Kindheit und Jugend zu entwickeln. Um dabei dem Anspruch gerecht zu werden, auf die Bedürfnisse von Fachkräften und Betroffenen einzugehen, haben Gewaltbetroffene und deren Angehörige, Fachkräfte der spezialisierten Fachberatung sowie interdisziplinäre Expert*innen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis an deren Entwicklung partizipiert. Als Stellvertreter*innen der adressierten Zielgruppe(n) haben sie ihre (Erfahrungs-)Expertise in unterschiedlicher Form eingebracht, um auf diese Weise Sorge für die Praxisnähe zu tragen.
Mediatisierte sexualisierte Gewalt erkennen: A_Rendelle & Dior
Authors: Vobbe Frederic , Kärgel Katharina
Published: January 2022

Ziel der Falldiskussion ist eine Sensibilisierung für mediatisierte sexualisierte Gewalt. Dazu werden entlang eines Chatauszugs Maßstäbe der fachlichen Bewertung ausgelegt. Ein Transfer ist auch in Zusammenhänge möglich, in denen Hinweise auf Gewalt nicht in Chatverläufen, sondern in Foto-, Video- und Tonaufnahmen enthalten sind. Das Kapitel bespricht somit fachliche Grundlagen, die über den konkreten Fall hinausweisen. Die Ausschnitte des Chats verzichten auf Kontextinformationen zu den Chattenden mit den Nicknamen A_Rendelle und Dior, um unmittelbare Assoziationen durch die Kommunikation auszulösen. Eine ausführliche Reflexion sowie die Fortsetzung des Chats schließen an.
Traumasensible Ansätze bei mediatisierter ritueller Gewalt: Constantin
Authors: Vobbe Frederic , Kärgel Katharina
Published: January 2022

Mediatisierte sexualisierte Gewalt wird auch im Zusammenhang organisierter und ritueller Gewaltstrukturen eingesetzt, um Machtverhältnisse auszubauen, Betroffene an die Strukturen zu binden, sie mittels digitaler Medien zu kontrollieren und zu manipulieren. Die Belastungen der Betroffenen sind besonders komplex. Bisweilen leiden sie unter einer dissoziativen Identitätsstörung. Die Abhängigkeiten von den Gewaltstrukturen erschweren Hilfeprozesse. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass weiterhin Kontakt zu den Strukturen besteht, muss auch nach einer Teilaufdeckung stets mitbedacht werden. Dieses Kapitel setzt sich aufgrund der Komplexität vor allem mit traumasensiblen Ansätzen der Arbeit mit von mediatisierter ritueller Gewalt betroffenen jungen Menschen auseinander. Es reflektiert dazu Möglichkeiten und Grenzen „gewaltfreier Räume“ für Adressat*innen. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auf die hervorgehobene Bedeutung der Psychohygiene für Helfende verwiesen.
Mit Betroffenen über das Verbreitungsrisiko von Missbrauchsabbildungen sprechen: Amira
Authors: Vobbe Frederic , Kärgel Katharina
Published: January 2022

In Fällen mediatisierter sexualisierter Gewalt entsteht Helfenden gelegentlich der Eindruck, dass Gewaltbetroffenen und deren Angehörigen nicht bewusst ist, dass digitale Gewaltzeugnisse (z. B. Foto- oder Videoaufnahmen, die die sexualisierte Gewalt dokumentieren) in bzw. über digitale Medien veröffentlicht oder verbreitet werden können. Infolge stellen sie sich die Frage, ob es aus fachlichen Gesichtspunkten notwendig und sinnvoll ist, die betroffenen Kinder und Jugendlichen sowie deren Erziehungsberechtigte hierüber aufzuklären. Am Beispiel einer Fallvignette werden diesbezügliche fachliche Abwägungsprozesse reflektiert. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Empfehlungen zum Zeitpunkt und zur Gestaltung entsprechender Interventionen ausgesprochen.
Betroffene vor den Folgen kursierender sexualisierter Foto- und Videoaufnahmen schützen: Magdalena
Authors: Vobbe Frederic , Kärgel Katharina
Published: January 2022

Betroffene können von ihrer Gewaltgeschichte wiedereingeholt werden, indem sexualisierte Foto- und Videoaufnahmen oder gespeicherte Kommunikationsverläufe (z. B. archivierte Chats oder E-Mails) über digitale Medien veröffentlicht und verbreitet werden. In der Folge werden sie oftmals innerhalb ihres sozialen Umfelds gedemütigt, beschuldigt oder ausgegrenzt. All diese Folgen stellen eine Form weiterer Gewalt dar, die in einem unmittelbaren Zusammenhang mit der einst erlebten sexualisierten Gewalt steht. Die Gewaltgeschichten sind somit miteinander verwoben. Betroffene Kinder und Jugendliche haben das Gefühl, einer ausweglosen Situation ohnmächtig gegenüberzustehen. Am Beispiel einer veranschaulichenden Fallvignette setzt sich das nachfolgende Kapitel vornehmlich mit fachlichen Fragen und Abwägungsprozessen auseinander, die in Zusammenhang mit dem Schutz Gewaltbetroffener aufkommen.
Umgang mit Ängsten als Folge mediatisierter sexualisierter Gewalt: D
Authors: Vobbe Frederic , Kärgel Katharina
Published: January 2022

Betroffene Kinder und Jugendliche, die um digitale Gewaltzeugnisse wie sexualisierte Foto- und Videoaufnahmen oder Missbrauchsabbildungen wissen, haben oftmals Angst. Die erlebten Ängste wurzeln dabei meist darin, dass infolge einer Veröffentlichung oder Verbreitung der Gewaltzeugnisse Schuldzuweisungen, Unglaube, Demütigungen oder Ausgrenzungserfahrungen erwartet werden. Durch das Wissen um die Möglichkeit zur Falschdarstellung werden die Ängste meist verstärkt. So kann beispielsweise eine Abbildung, die sexuellen Missbrauch dokumentiert, von Gewaltausübenden als einvernehmlich dargestellt oder von Betrachtenden als einvernehmliche sexuelle Handlung fehlgedeutet werden. Da eine Veröffentlichung oder Verbreitung nur selten zweifelsfrei ausgeschlossen werden kann und das Angsterleben infolge fortwährt, gestaltet sich die Bewältigung herausfordernd. Entlang einer zweiteiligen Fallvignette skizziert das nachfolgende Kapitel, wie Angst als Folge mediatisierter sexualisierter Gewalt entsteht. Auf dieser Grundlage werden Empfehlungen zur (Krisen-)Intervention ausgesprochen. Da auf Argumentationen und Erörterungen aus Kap. 8 aufgebaut wird, empfehlen wir die vorherige oder anschließende Lektüre.
Nuclear Law: The Global Debate
Authors: Grossi Rafael Mariano
Published: January 2022

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) plays a unique role in the development and implementation of international nuclear law. This chapter contains a short examination of the regime of nuclear law and its four pillars, namely safety, security, safeguards and civil liability for nuclear damage. It examines how we got to where we are and where we can take the global debate, taking into account current and emerging peaceful applications of nuclear science and technology such as advanced reactors and nuclear fusion. The chapter also contains an invitation to all stakeholders in the global community, including international organizations, non-governmental organizations, industry, academia and civil society, as well as all those that will be responsible for shaping nuclear law in the future, to let the debate and dialogue on nuclear law begin.
IAEA Safeguards: Correctness and Completeness of States’ Safeguards Declarations
Authors: Rockwood Laura
Published: January 2022

In the light of the occasional challenges in recent years to the legal authority of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to verify the correctness and completeness of States’ declarations under comprehensive safeguards agreements, the chapter assesses the law and practice on this issue since the early 1990s. In particular, the chapter focuses right and obligation of the IAEA to verify the correctness and completeness of States’ declarations—one of the most fundamental principles in the implementation of comprehensive safeguards agreements. The chapter provides a detailed textual and historical analysis indicating that, in fulfilling that obligation, the IAEA is not limited to access to information about nuclear material which has been declared by the Agency, or to locations where such material has been declared by the Agency. A contrary interpretation would cause the IAEA to revert to a pre-1991 approach to verification that focused primarily on declared nuclear material, which resulted in the IAEA’s failure to detect Iraq’s undeclared nuclear programme.
Safeguards for the Future
Authors: Findlay Trevor
Published: January 2022

Safeguards have evolved as a result of new circumstances, institutions, technologies and practices, including cultural phenomena. This chapter examines safeguards from a historical perspective as the product of a political process that resulted in the negotiation of safeguards instruments. In particular, the chapter addresses the IAEA safeguards from the perspective that adaptation of the legal framework for safeguards is necessary and often difficult. Major change will only occur through a political process, not a legal one, involving Member States of the IAEA. The change will be facilitated through the IAEA Secretariat’s role in strengthening safeguards implementation using the power and responsibilities afforded to it; the advancement of technology and techniques as a vital element of this process; and the non-technological aspects of safeguards, particularly the human element.