bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Properties and Fragmentation Process in ZnO Nanowire Coated Hybrid Carbon Fiber Composite: A Multiscale Modeling Approach
Authors: Marashizadeh Parisa , Abshirini Mohammad , Saha Mrinal C. , Huang Liangliang , Liu Yingtao
Published: July 2022

A multiscale modeling framework is developed to investigate the effect of ZnO nanowires (NWs) on the fiber/matrix interface, and the fiber fragmentation mechanism of ZnO NW coated single fiber composites (SFC). Atomistic traction–separation analysis is conducted using molecular dynamics simulation technique to evaluate the interface properties between the functionalized carbon fiber surface and ZnO NW/polymer matrix. The results indicate that incorporating ZnO NW can significantly enhance interface stiffness, strength, and fracture energy. The results obtained in opening and sliding modes are implemented in the cohesive zone model to simulate the interface at the mesoscale. Microhomogenization analysis is performed on a representative volume element containing ZnO NW reinforced polymer matrix to determine the effective material properties of the enhancement layer. The interface and enhancement layer properties are imported into the macroscale hybrid SFC model. Single fiber fragmentation analysis is performed employing user material (UMAT) subroutine and ABAQUS finite element analysis package. Simulation results demonstrate that the load is transferred more efficiently from matrix to fiber in the hybrid than in the bare fiber model. The fiber fragmentation is increased in the hybrid composite structure, resulting in up to 100% improvement in interfacial shear strength of SFC incorporating ZnO NW.
ASCL2 Maintains Stemness Phenotype through ATG9B and Sensitizes Gliomas to Autophagy Inhibitor
Authors: Wang Li‐Hong , Yuan Ye , Wang Jiao , Luo Ying , Lan Yang , Ge Jia , Li Lei , Liu Feng , Deng Qing , Yan Ze‐Xuan , Liang Mei , Wei Sen , Liu Xin‐Dong , Wang Yan , Ping Yi‐Fang , Shi Yu , Yu Shi‐Cang , Zhang Xia , Cui You‐Hong , Yao Xiao‐Hong , Feng Hua , Luo Tao , Bian Xiu‐Wu
Published: July 2022

Autophagy is a highly conserved process that is vital for tumor progression and treatment response. Although autophagy is proposed to maintain the stemness phenotype in adult diffuse glioma, the molecular basis of the link between autophagy and stemness is poorly understood, which makes it impossible to effectively screen for the population that will benefit from autophagy‐targeted treatment. Here, ATG9B as essential for self‐renewal capacity and tumor‐propagation potential is identified. Notably, ASCL2 transcriptionally regulates the expression of ATG9B to maintain stemness properties. The ASCL2‐ATG9B axis is an independent prognostic biomarker and indicator of autophagic activity. Furthermore, the highly effective blood–brain barrier (BBB)‐permeable autophagy inhibitor ROC‐325, which can significantly inhibit the progression of ASCL2‐ATG9B axisHigh gliomas as a single agent is investigated. These data demonstrate that a new ASCL2‐ATG9B signaling axis is crucial for maintaining the stemness phenotype and tumor progression, revealing a potential autophagy inhibition strategy for adult diffuse gliomas.
Myelosuppression Alleviation and Hematopoietic Regeneration by Tetrahedral‐Framework Nucleic‐Acid Nanostructures Functionalized with Osteogenic Growth Peptide
Authors: Zhang Tianxu , Zhou Mi , Xiao Dexuan , Liu Zhiqiang , Jiang Yueying , Feng Maogeng , Lin Yunfeng , Cai Xiaoxiao
Published: July 2022

As major complications of chemoradiotherapy, myelosuppression and hematopoietic‐system damage severely affect immunologic function and can delay or even terminate treatment for cancer patients. Although several specific cytokines have been used for hematopoiesis recovery, their effect is limited, and they may increase the risk of tumor recurrence. In this study, osteogenic growth peptide functionalized tetrahedral framework nucleic‐acid nanostructures (OGP‐tFNAs) are prepared; they combine the positive hematopoiesis stimulating effect of OGP and the drug carrying function of tFNAs. The potential of OGP‐tFNAs for hematopoietic stimulation and microenvironment regulation is investigated. It is shown that OGP‐tFNAs can protect bone marrow stromal cells from 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU)‐induced DNA damage and apoptosis. OGP‐tFNAs pretreatment activates the extracellularly regulated protein kinase signal and downregulates apoptosis‐related proteins. OGP‐tFNAs also alleviate the chemotherapy‐induced inhibition of hematopoiesis‐related cytokine expression, which is crucial for hematopoiesis reconstitution. In conclusion, OGP‐tFNAs can protect hematopoietic cells and their microenvironment from chemotherapy‐induced injuries and myelosuppression, while promoting hematopoiesis regeneration.
Transport Spectroscopy of Ultraclean Tunable Band Gaps in Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Icking Eike , Banszerus Luca , Wörtche Frederike , Volmer Frank , Schmidt Philipp , Steiner Corinne , Engels Stephan , Hesselmann Jonas , Goldsche Matthias , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Volk Christian , Beschoten Bernd , Stampfer Christoph
Published: July 2022

The importance of controlling both the charge carrier density and the band gap of a semiconductor cannot be overstated, as it opens the doors to a wide range of applications, including, for example, highly‐tunable transistors, photodetectors, and lasers. Bernal‐stacked bilayer graphene is a unique van‐der‐Waals material that allows tuning of the band gap by an out‐of‐plane electric field. Although the first evidence of the tunable gap is already found 10 years ago, it took until recent to fabricate sufficiently clean heterostructures where the electrically induced gap can be used to fully suppress transport or confine charge carriers. Here, a detailed study of the tunable band gap in gated bilayer graphene characterized by temperature‐activated transport and finite‐bias spectroscopy measurements is presented. The latter method allows comparing different gate materials and device technologies, which directly affects the disorder potential in bilayer graphene. It is shown that graphite‐gated bilayer graphene exhibits extremely low disorder and as good as no subgap states resulting in ultraclean tunable band gaps up to 120 meV. The size of the band gaps are in good agreement with theory and allow complete current suppression making a wide range of semiconductor applications possible.
Discrete Graphitic Crystallites Promise High‐rate Ion Intercalation for KC8 Formation in Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Qi , Zhang Yibo , Chen Zhengyu , Zhang Jun , Tao Ying , Yang Quan‐Hong
Published: July 2022

Graphite has paved the way for commercial lithium‐ion batteries and shows great potential as an anode for high‐energy potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) due to its low‐potential charge/discharge plateau. However, the restricted diffusion of large K+ in graphite causes difficulties in generating the stage‐one graphite‐intercalation compound (GIC) KC8 at high rates and results in a low plateau capacity and an inferior rate performance. It is discovered that the formation of high‐stage GICs (prior to KC24) is the rate‐controlling step of K+ intercalation, which is key to forming KC8. Here, a carbon anode material containing the medium‐size discrete graphitic crystallites is reported, produced by heating non‐graphitizable carbon above 2800 °C. This carbon anode material promotes the formation of KC8 due to the accelerated K+ diffusion especially at the rate‐controlling step and the sufficient reactive sites, which leads to a record‐high plateau capacity of 293 mAh g−1 and an excellent rate performance with 180 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1. For comparison, the respective values for graphite are only 242 and 51 mAh g−1. This study provides new insights into K+‐intercalation chemistry and shall promote the design of carbon anode materials for high‐energy and high‐power PIBs and even other energy storage systems.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders in individuals with RASopathies: May RAS/MAP/ERK pathway dysfunctions be a model of neuropathic pain and visceral hypersensitivity?
Authors: Leoni Chiara , Giorgio Valentina , Stella Giuseppe , Onesimo Roberta , Triumbari Elizabeth K. A. , Podagrosi Maria , Kuczynska Eliza , Vollono Catello , Lindley Keith J. , Zampino Giuseppe
Published: July 2022

RASopathies are a group of neurodevelopmental syndromes caused by germline variants in genes of the Ras/MAP/ERK pathway. Growth failure, neurological involvement, and pain represent the main features of these conditions. ERK signaling cascade plays a crucial role in nociception and visceral pain and it is likely implicated in the genesis of neuropathic pain and maintenance of altered pain states. We studied the prevalence of abdominal pain and functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in a large sample of individuals with RASopathies. A brief pain inventory questionnaire and semi‐structured dedicated interview were used to investigate presence and localization of pain. A Rome IV questionnaire was used to screen for functional GI disorders. Eighty patients with clinical and molecular diagnoses of RASopathy were recruited (42 with Noonan syndrome; 17 with Costello Syndrome and 21 with cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome). Overall, the prevalence of abdominal pain was 44% and prevalence of functional GI disorders was 78% with constipation, abdominal pain, and aerophagia being the most frequently detected ones. A significant association was found between pain and irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation and aerophagia. Children with RASopathies have a high prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders. These children could represent a good in vivo model to study neuropathic pain, visceral hypersensitivity and gut‐brain axis disorders.
PIFA Induced Regioselective C‐H Chalcogenylation of Benzo[d]imidazo[5,1‐b]thiazoles under Mild Conditions
Authors: Liu Min , Yan Kelu , Wen Jiangwei , Zhang Ning , Chen Xinyu , Li Xue , Wang Xiu
Published: July 2022

The phenyliodine(III) bis(trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) induced C−H chalcogenylation of benzo[d]imidazo[5,1‐b]thiazoles with disulfides or diselenides has been realized efficiently under mild and and easy to operate conditions. Most products were obtained in good to excellent yields. Both possible radical and ionic mechanisms are presented. This protocol provides a pathway for the rapid and simple construction of diverse organochalcogen derivatives.
Characteristics of gut microbiota in representative mice strains: Implications for biological research
Authors: Guo Jianguo , Song Chenchen , Liu Yunbo , Wu Xuying , Dong Wei , Zhu Hua , Xiang Zhiguang , Qin Chuan
Published: July 2022

Background

Experimental animals are used to study physiological phenomena, pathological mechanisms, and disease prevention. The gut microbiome is known as a potential confounding factor for inconsistent data from preclinical studies. Although many gut microbiome studies have been conducted in recent decades, few have focused on gut microbiota fluctuation among representative mouse strains.

Methods

A range of frequently used mouse strains were selected from 34 isolation packages representing disease‐related animal (DRA), immunity defect animal (IDA), or gene‐editing animal (GEA) from the BALB/c and C57BL/6J backgrounds together with normal mice, and their microbial genomic DNA were isolated from mouse feces to sequence for the exploration of gut microbiota.

Results

Mouse background strain, classification, introduced source, introduced year, and reproduction type significantly affected the gut microbiota structure (p < 0.001 for all parameters), with background strain contributing the greatest influence (R2 = 0.237). In normal groups, distinct gut microbiota types existed in different mouse strains. Sixty‐four core operational taxonomic units were obtained from normal mice, and 12 belonged to Lactobacillus. Interestingly, the gut microbiota in C57BL/6J was more stable than that in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, the gut microbiota in the IDA, GEA, and DRA groups significantly differed from that in normal groups (p < 0.001 for all). Compared with the normal group, there was a significantly higher Chao1 and Shannon index (p < 0.001 for all) in the IDA, GEA, and DRA groups. Markedly changed classes occurred with Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The abundances of Helicobacter, Blautia, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Clostridioides, Paenibacillus, and Clostridiales all significantly decreased in the IDA, GEA, and DRA groups, whereas those of Saccharimonas, Rikenella, and Odoribacter all significantly increased.
Sulfonated Chitosan and HKUST‐1 metal organic frameworks based hybrid membranes for direct methanol fuel cell applications
Authors: Divya Kumar , Sri Abirami Saraswathi Meenakshi Sundaram , Nagendran Alagumalai , Rana Dipak
Published: July 2022

Sulfonated Chitosan and copper‐based metal–organic frameworks (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST‐1) or Cu‐BTC or MOF‐199) based hybrid membranes are fabricated using a solution casting method for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. The well‐defined cubic structure and sharp crystalline X‐ray diffraction pattern confirms the successful synthesis of HKUST‐1. The SEM cross‐sectional images showed that incorporated HKUST‐1 acts as a pore‐filling agent as well as creating finger‐like hydrophilic channels into the S‐Chitosan matrix. The existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the COOH groups of HKUST‐1 and SO3H groups of S‐Chitosan enhances the membrane performances such as water uptake, ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity, and thermal stability. Specifically hybrid membrane with 0.5 wt% of HKUST‐1 showed the highest proton conductivity of 5.38 × 10−3 and 6.19 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 and 80°C respectively. Besides the S‐Chitosan‐0.5 membrane exhibited lower methanol permeability and selectivity than pristine S‐Chitosan and commercial Nafion membranes due to the small ionic size. Besides the pore reduction ability of HKUST‐1 selectively allowed protons and block the methanol permeation in the membrane matrix. Overall results indicate that the S‐Chitosan‐0.5 hybrid membrane is a suitable candidate for DMFC applications.
Modification strategies for improving antibacterial properties of polyetheretherketone
Authors: Gao Weijia , Han Xiao , Li Yongli , Zhou Zhe , Wang Junyan , Shi Ruining , Jiao Junjie , Qi Yuanzheng , Zhou Yanmin , Zhao Jinghui
Published: July 2022

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a semi‐crystalline thermoplastic polymer that has been gradually used in the repair of bone defects because of its well chemical stability, reliable biocompatibility, excellent X‐ray radiolucency, and low modulus. However, PEEK is a biologically inert material, and planktonic bacteria can adhere to its surface and eventually form biofilms, allowing for the rapid development of implant‐related infections. This review mainly introduces two important antibacterial modification strategies: antibacterial coating and surface morphology modification. Antibacterial coating include antibiotics, natural extracts, antimicrobial peptides, polymers, metals and metal oxides, selenium, fluoride, silicon nitride, and graphene oxide. These coatings can exert their antibacterial effect by inhibiting bacterial adhesion, killing bacteria by contact, or actively releasing antimicrobial substances. In terms of antibacterial surface topography, different surface microstructures have their respective antibacterial functions. Conical or cylindrical structures can exert stress on the bacterial surface causing the rupture of the cell membrane to kill bacteria. Nano protrusions or particles smaller than the size of bacteria can inhibit the adhesion of bacteria by reducing the contact area of bacteria and PEEK. The pit structure close to the size of bacteria can prevent the contact between adjacent bacteria and delay or prevent the formation of biofilm.
Synthesis and flame retardant behavior of siloxane functionalized polyethylene
Authors: Sun Shuang , Peng Xiaoting , Pang Hongchang , Niu Hui
Published: July 2022

To improve the flame retardancy of polyethyelene (PE), this work realized an effective in‐situ synthesis of siloxane functionalized PE via continuous process with two stages: in the first stage, reactive olefin monomers containing dichlorosilane group were designed and utilized in ethylene copolymerization catalyzed by Ziegler‐Natta catalyst; in the second stage, by injecting dimethylsilanediol (DMS) directly into the unterminated polymerization solution, siloxane was grafted onto PE side group via the reaction between the pendant chlorosilane groups on PE and hydroxyl on DMS. Owing to the carbonization effect of silica produced by siloxane combustion, the combustion residue of PE was significantly increased to 20.8 wt% in the TGA test after grafting 0.58 mol% DMS. The siloxane functionalized PE was then added into PE/magnesium hydroxide (MH) composites to investigate the materials burning behavior. By grafting 0.15 wt% siloxane, the limited oxygen index of PE was increased from 18% to 21% and that of PE/MH increased from 28% to 30%, indicating the flame retardancy of PE was improved with grafted siloxane modification. It was also found that the nanoscale silica in‐situ generated by the graft siloxane groups efficiently assisted the formation of a dense residual layer of MgO and amorphous carbon.
Cross‐linking reaction of diastereomeric bis‐limonene oxide with polyhydric carboxylic acid
Authors: Morinaga Hisatoyo , Koike Yutaka
Published: July 2022

In this study, the epoxy‐carboxylic acid reaction was examined using two diastereomers of biobased bis‐functional epoxides (bis‐trans‐LO and bis‐cis‐LO derived from trans‐ and cis‐limonene oxide, respectively) and polyhydric carboxylic acid. The network polymers derived from bis‐trans‐LO had a higher polymer yield as well as superior thermal properties and mechanical strength than those derived from bis‐cis‐LO, since bis‐trans‐LO was cross‐linked effectively owing to the direct nucleophilic attack on the methine carbon of the epoxy ring by carboxy groups. The reprocessability of the network polymer in the presence of Zn(acac)2 was confirmed in both cases, whereas the tensile strength decreased after the 2nd cycle.
Fabrication of highly electrically conductive polypropylene/polyolefin elastomer/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites via constructing ordered conductive network assisted by die‐drawing process
Authors: Zhao Zhongguo , Zhou Shengtai , Ai Taotao , Li Yapeng , Yang Qi , Jia Shikui , Tang Dahang
Published: July 2022

In this work, a facile strategy is proposed to prepare highly electrically conductive polypropylene (PP)/polyolefin elastomer (POE)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composites with ordered conductive networks using a house‐made die‐drawing apparatus. Results showed that increasing either die‐drawing speed or drawing ratio led to an increase of crystallinity by 10% and orientation factor by 0.15 for PP, respectively, which played an important role in tuning the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. Prior to die‐drawing process, MWCNTs were selectively distributed in POE domains, resulting in a remarkable increase of electrical conductivity. The prevailing high‐stress field during die‐drawing process was able to deform MWCNTs‐enriched POE domains to ordered microfibrillar structure, as confirmed by morphology observations. This resulted in a further increase of electrical conductivity for die‐drawn PP/POE/MWCNTs composites when compared with that of MWCNTs‐containing counterparts without die‐drawing. Moreover, both the tensile strength and elongation at break for die‐drawn PPCNTE30 composites were increased by 20% and 127% as compared with their counterparts without die‐drawing treatment.
Rethinking the open access citation advantage: Evidence from the “reverse‐flipping” journals
Authors: Ming Wei , Zhao Zhenyue
Published: July 2022

Although the open access citation advantage (OACA) has been discussed extensively, scholars lack a clear understanding of the mechanisms through which switching from subscription‐based model to open access (OA) model affects the citation impact of a scholarly journal. Many journals have switched from subscription to OA, yet they later also flipped their preswitching articles (i.e., those under subscription model) to OA, thus leaving no subscription article to be compared with their postswitching OA counterparts. To detect the switching effect, our study instead focused on 60 journals that “reverse flipped” from OA to subscription. We use a difference‐in‐difference (DiD) analytical framework to analyze two propositions related to OACA, based on the bibliographic and citation data of pre‐ and postswitching publications in these journals. Our findings indicate that reverse flipping is unlikely to affect the journals' impact through changing the visibility of their articles. Instead, it could lead to a systematical shift in the submissions to the journals and thus considerably affect their impact. Our findings have important theoretical and practical implications for subsequent studies, funding agencies, and scholarly journals considering a reverse flip.
Moisture sources tracking of a cold vortex rainstorm over Northeast China usingFLEXPART
Authors: Yang Yuting , Cui Xiaopeng , Zou Qiangli
Published: July 2022

Water vapor sources and related transport processes are fundamental to the understanding of precipitation mechanisms. This study focuses on a typical Northeast Cold Vortex (NECV) rainstorm on July 25, 2016, which brought floods and huge economic losses to Northeast China. Using the Lagrangian flexible particle dispersion model (FLEXPART) and the areal source–receptor attribution method, the moisture sources and transport characteristics during this event were analyzed. The results show that this NECV rainstorm occurred under a favorable atmospheric circulation background, and particles in the rainstorm area mainly came from the Indo‐China Peninsula, South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, and central China at relatively low levels. The largest water vapor uptake and release were found in central China, which was the primary moisture source of this NECV precipitation. Although the Indian Subcontinent–Bay of Bengal–Indo‐China Peninsula had a higher moisture intake than the South China Sea–the Philippines, a considerable amount of moisture in the former was released during transport, making the moisture contributions of the two equivalents. Furthermore, the Northeast rainstorm area had a non‐negligible precipitation recycling process. All examined sources contributed more than 90% of the moisture in the rainstorm area.
Control of the oxidation state of copper in copper silicate SGU‐29 for efficient catalytic reduction
Authors: Yu Hyejin , Kim Hyun Sung
Published: July 2022

In transition metal‐based zeotype systems, engineering transition metal species through ion exchange, doping, and oxidation state control to achieve heterogeneous catalytic systems is considered an effective strategy to improve catalytic performance. Among these strategies, controlling the oxidation state of transition metal species is a promising method to enhance the catalytic properties. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that zeotypes containing Cu(I) can be effectively generated through the reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) in [CuO4]2− in the SGU‐29 framework using a hydrogen/argon gas mixture. Our results showed that reduced SGU‐29 (rSGU‐29) exhibited a high catalytic performance while reducing 4‐nitrophenol, providing 99% conversion.
The protective mechanism of protein kinase R to inhibit neuronal ferroptosis in cerebral injury from subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Lei Jianwei , Song Shuxin , Chen Zhihua , Shu Sihong , Liu Qiang , Hu Wei
Published: July 2022

Purpose: To investigate the role and mechanism of protein kinase R (PKR) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)‐mediated ferroptosis.

Methods: A rat SAH model was constructed and treated with PKR inhibitor C16 to observe SAH and neurological impairment in rats and to detect malonaldehyde (MDA), iron ions content, ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 (FTH1) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and other related ferroptosis indicators in brain tissue. RNA sequencing analysis was used to investigate the mechanism of PKR, affecting the ferroptosis network of SAH.

Results: SAH caused severe fundic hemorrhage, neurological impairment, MDA and iron ion accumulation, and significant decrease in GPX4 and FTH1 levels in rats. C16 treatment significantly improved the above signs caused by SAH. By RNA‐seq analysis, brain tissue of SAH‐treated rats with SAH and C16 differentially expressed mRNA target genes enriched in stress response and organic developmental signaling pathways.

Conclusion: Inhibition of PKR may improve cerebral injury after SAH by inhibiting ferroptosis, and RNA sequencing staged its mechanism of action may be related to the stress response.
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for acute myeloid leukemia in patients in first complete remission after one versus two induction courses: A study from the ALWP of the EBMT
Authors: Nagler Arnon , Galimard Jacques‐Emmanuel , Labopin Myriam , Blaise Didier , Arcese William , Trisolini Silvia Maria , Wu Depei , Pigneux Arnaud , Van Gorkom Gwendolyn , Rubio Marie‐Thérèse , Gedde‐Dahl Tobias , Huynh Anne , Lanza Francesco , Gorin Norbert‐Claude , Mohty Mohamad
Published: July 2022

Background

Achieving complete remission (CR) is the main goal in AML treatment and a prerequisite for successful autologous stem cell transplantation (ACT).

Methods

Comparing results of peripheral blood ACT in patients with AML in CR1 attained following 1 versus 2 chemotherapy courses transplanted in 2000–2019.

Results

Patients 1532 (84%) with one and 293 (16%) patients with two induction chemotherapies courses (a total of 1825 patients) were included in the study. Follow‐up was 7.9 (95% CI: 7.4–8.4) and 7.7 (95% CI: 7.0–8.6) years (p = 0.8). Time from diagnosis to ACT was 4.7 (range, 3.9–5.8) versus 5.7 (range, 4.7–7.1) months (p < 0.001), respectively.

Leukemia free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) at 5 years were inferior for patients achieving CR1 with 2 versus 1 course of chemotherapy: 26.6% versus 41.7% (HR = 1.42 [95% CI: 1.22–1.66], p < 0.001) and 36.2% versus 53.3%, (HR = 1.48 [95% CI: 1.25–1.75], p < 0.001), and 5‐year relapse incidence (RI) was higher: 67.2% versus 52.3%, (HR = 1.46 [95% CI: 1.25–1.72], p < 0.001). Five‐year non‐relapse mortality (NRM) was 6.2% versus 6.0% for patients with 2 versus 1 chemotherapy courses, and did not differ significantly (HR = 1.31 [95% CI: 0.81–2.10], p = 0.27).

Conclusions

LFS and OS were inferior and relapse rate was higher in AML patients who received two inductions chemotherapy courses to reach CR1 before being autografted. AML patients who required 2 induction courses to achieve remission, may be offered allogeneic transplantation rather than an autologous one in an attempt to reduce their high RI and improve outcomes.
Iatrogenic cold urticaria induced by tetrafluoroethane cryosurgery for gingival depigmentation: A rare case report
Authors: Muthuraj Thamil Selvan , Sarkar Puja , Renganath Murugan Jeyasree , Senthilkumaran Pillaiyar Gurusamy
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Gingival depigmentation procedure has gained widespread popularity in the recent years due to increased esthetic demands among patients. Among the various depigmentation procedures, cryosurgery is inexpensive and straightforward method. This case report discusses a rare complication associated with tetrafluoroethane (TFE) cryosurgical depigmentation method.

Case Presentation

A 27‐year‐old systemically healthy male patient reported with the complaint of esthetic concerns associated with gingival melanin pigmentation. Cryosurgery with TFE was planned for the maxillary first quadrant. The patient developed angioedema immediately after exposure to the TFE cryogen during the procedure. Cold urticaria was considered, and the patient was prescribed nonsedating antihistamines for a week. One month follow‐up showed completely healed and depigmented gingiva without any recession or attachment loss.

Conclusions

TFE cryosurgery depigmentation was found to be an effective depigmentation procedure. However, various complications including cold urticaria have been associated with its application. Therefore, the procedure's success depends on the proper case selection, complete isolation of the operating area, and preoperative test for gingival tissue response.

Key points

Why is this case new information?

Cold urticaria formation after applying cryosurgery has never been reported in the literature to the best of the authors' knowledge.

What are the keys to the successful management of this case?

Preoperative testing for tissue response to cryosurgery will prevent complications like cold urticaria.

What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

Improper medical history and not taking tissue response test for cryosurgery.
Collodion phenotype remains a challenge for neonatologists: A rare case of self‐healing collodion baby
Authors: Zdraveska Nikolina , Kostovski Aco , Sofijanova Aspazija , Jancevska Snezana , Damevska Katerina
Published: July 2022

We report a unique case of self‐healing collodion baby (CB) that was successfully managed despite the risk of potentially serious complications. Self‐healing CB is a rare and distinct outcome of collodion phenotype occurring in approximately 10% of the cases. The outcome depends on the initial assessment and adequate multidisciplinary approach.
Advances and challenges in the pharmacokinetics and bioanalysis of chiral drugs
Authors: Kumari Rayala V. V. S. Prasanna , Kandula Jony Susanna , P Radhakrishnanand
Published: July 2022

Enantioselective analytical approaches are essential for monitoring pharmacokinetics and acquiring accurate data to better understand the role of stereochemistry in pharmacokinetics. Enantioselectivity significantly impacts the pharmacokinetics of chiral drugs, especially in metabolic profile, leading to toxicity of enantiomer. Consequently, there is a need to study the pharmacokinetics of enantiomerically pure drugs and racemates as they differ in affinity with enzymes and proteins. Combining the best enantioseparation conditions with the specified biological matrix and the intended purpose of the analysis is a challenging task. This review discusses the importance of chirality in stereoselective pharmacokinetics with more relevant examples, various enantioselective analytical techniques, and stationary phases employed. Challenges such as lack of universal chiral columns, biological inversion of the isomers, and others have been discussed. Further presented the recent advances in the screening of chiral drugs and innovative improvements in the analytical approaches for chiral molecule analysis such as supercritical fluid chromatography, simulated moving bed chromatography, and other techniques are discussed.
Effective drag on spheres immersed in a fluidized bed at minimum fluidization—Influence of bulk solids properties
Authors: Guío‐Pérez Diana Carolina , Köhler Anna , Prati Anna , Pallarès David , Johnsson Filip
Published: July 2022

The aims of this work are to elucidate the effects that bulk solids properties have on the effective drag experienced by large spheres immersed in an emulsion of group‐B solids under minimum fluidization conditions and to analyze the ways in which the different suspensions react towards different applied shear rates. To investigate this, magnetic particle tracking was applied to resolve the trajectory of falling‐sphere measurements in which the size, density, and sphericity of the bulk solids were varied as well as the size and density of the spherical tracers. The resulting experimental scope included both rising and sinking tracers as well as full segregation and in‐bed stagnation of the tracers. The set‐up provided highly resolved tracer trajectories, from which the drag experienced by the sphere can be calculated. For sinking tracers, the results showed that an increase in bulk solids size, angularity, and density reduced the terminal velocity of the sphere. This effect correlated well with the bed expansion and Hausner ratio, indicating that a reduced void space among the bulk solids is the main reason for the increase in motion resistance. At lower shear rates, namely, during the de‐acceleration towards the stagnant state, beds of larger, more angular, or denser bulk solids yield lower levels of shear stress. The angle of repose of the bulk solids correlated with the rate at which the emulsion thins with increasing shear rate. For rising tracers, shear stress did not show any significant dependency on the properties of the bulk solids.
Does concomitant ductal carcinoma in situ affect the clinical outcome in breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma: An Asian perspective
Authors: Lee Wai Peng , Shetty Spoorthi Sudhakar , Seah Chin Mui Jaime , Tan Pei Ting , Tan Su Ming
Published: July 2022

Background

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is an established precursor to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and its coexistence with IDC appear to favor reduced biological aggressiveness. Its prognostic implication and ability to affect clinical outcome has been understudied in Asia. This study aims to explore if concomitant DCIS affects the clinical behavior and outcomes among Asians.

Aim

Stages I to III breast cancer patients with histological proven IDC, diagnosed and treated in a single institution from June 1, 2004 to June 30, 2014 were included in this study. Statistical analyses were conducted using Χ2 test, independent t test, multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier test.

Methods and Results

A total of 818 patients were identified, including 224 and 594 patients with isolated IDC (No‐DCIS) and IDC with coexisting DCIS (IDC‐DCIS) respectively. Patients with IDC‐DCIS were found to have smaller tumors (median: 22 mm, p ≤ .01), estrogen receptor positivity (p = .001), progesterone receptor positivity (p < .001) and associated with better pathological stage (p = .001). Patients with No‐DCIS were 1.6 times more likely to develop disease progression (95% CI: 1.1–2.3, p = .027) and subsequently associated with distant recurrences (20.5% vs. 13.6%, p = .02). The breast cancer specific 5 year overall survival rate for patients with No‐DCIS and those with IDC‐DCIS was 90.9% (95% CI: 86.2%–94.5%) and 93.7% (95% CI: 91.4%–95.5%), respectively (p = .202).

Conclusion

The presence of DCIS component in IDC among Asians is associated with favorable tumor biological profile, thereby indicating reduced disease aggressiveness. Our study is the first to report the clinical significance in terms of disease progression and distant recurrences among Asians.
Efficient Throttled load balancing algorithm to improve the response time and processing time in data center
Authors: B Ramana Reddy , M Indiramma
Published: July 2022

In today's world, cloud computing is an emerging service, and it has proved to be a profit‐oriented business model. A drastic growth was observed in cloud computing during the last decade because of its easy access to services. As the number of users are increasing dynamically, load balancing is required to handle the user's load. Load balancing algorithms minimize the data center processing time and increase the throughput. Therefore cloud service providers need the best dynamic strategies. In this work, the proposed Efficient Throttled load balancing algorithm improves the performance in the data center environment. Our experimental results indicate that the Efficient Throttled load balancing algorithm improves the average overall response time by 6.47% and average data center processing time by 20.74%, compared to the Throttled load balancing algorithm.
An experimental comparison of the widely used pre‐trained deep neural networks for image classification tasks towards revealing the promise of transfer‐learning
Authors: Kabakus Abdullah Talha , Erdogmus Pakize
Published: July 2022

The easiest way to propose a solution based on deep neural networks is using the pre‐trained models through the transfer‐learning technique. Deep learning platforms provide various pre‐trained deep neural networks that can be easily applied for image classification tasks. So, “Which pre‐trained model provides the best performance for image classification tasks?” is a question that instinctively comes to mind and should be shed light on by the research community. To this end, we propose an experimental comparison of the six popular pre‐trained deep neural networks, namely, (i) VGG19, (ii) ResNet50, (iii) DenseNet201, (iv) MobileNetV2, (v) InceptionV3, and (vi) Xception by employing them through the transfer‐learning technique. Then, the proposed benchmark models were both trained and evaluated under the same configurations on two gold‐standard datasets, namely, (i) CIFAR‐10 and (ii) Stanford Dogs to benchmark them. Three evaluation metrics were employed to measure performance differences between the employed pre‐trained models as follows: (i) Accuracy, (ii) training duration, and (iii) inference time. The key findings that were obtained through the conducted a wide variety of experiments were discussed.
Early‐like differentiation status of systemic PD‐1+CD8+ T cells predicts PD‐1 blockade outcome in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Khanniche Asma , Yang Yi , Zhang Jie , Liu Shiqing , Xia Liliang , Duan Huangqi , Yao Yaxian , Zhao Bingrong , Zhao Guo‐Ping , Hu Chengping , Wang Ying , Lu Shun
Published: July 2022

Objectives

Despite remarkable advances in the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with anti‐programmed death (PD)‐1 therapy; only a fraction of patients derives durable clinical benefit. In this study, we investigated whether the differentiation status of systemic CD8+ T cells predicts the outcome of PD‐1 blockade in NSCLC.

Methods

We carried out a prospective study on a total of 77 NSCLC patients receiving anti‐PD‐1 blockers, among which 47 patients were assigned as a discovery cohort and 30 patients as a validation cohort. Peripheral blood samples were obtained at baseline and upon multiple therapy cycles and analyzed by multi‐parameter flow cytometry.

Results

We found that a higher baseline ratio of PD‐1+ early effector memory CD8+ T cells (CD28+CD27−CD45RO+, TEEM) to PD‐1+ effector CD8+ T cells (CD28−CD27−CD45RO−, TE) delineated responders to PD‐1 blockade from progressors and was associated with prolonged progression‐free survival (PFS) and durable clinical benefit. Moreover, PD‐1+CD8 TEEM cells exhibited early responses after anti‐PD‐1 therapy and was the major fraction of cycling PD‐1+Ki67+CD8+ T cells to expand specifically with positive impact on PFS.

Conclusion

These findings provide insights into how the baseline differentiation status of the peripheral immune system determines responses to PD‐1‐targeted therapies.
Spatial variability and uncertainty of soil nitrogen across the conterminous United States at different depths
Authors: Smith Elizabeth M. , Vargas Rodrigo , Guevara Mario , Tarin Tonantzin , Pouyat Richard V.
Published: July 2022

Soil nitrogen (N) is an important driver of plant productivity and ecosystem functioning; consequently, it is critical to understand its spatial variability from local‐to‐global scales. Here, we provide a quantitative assessment of the three‐dimensional spatial distribution of soil N across the United States (CONUS) using a digital soil mapping approach. We used a random forest‐regression kriging algorithm to predict soil N concentrations and associated uncertainty across six soil depths (0–5, 5–15, 15–30, 30–60, 60–100, and 100–200 cm) at 5‐km spatial grids. Across CONUS, there is a strong spatial dependence of soil N, where soil N concentrations decrease but uncertainty increases with soil depth. Soil N was higher in Pacific Northwest, Northeast, and Great Lakes National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) ecoclimatic domains. Model uncertainty was higher in Atlantic Neotropical, Southern Rockies/Colorado Plateau, and Southeast NEON domains. We also compared our soil N predictions with satellite‐derived gross primary production and forest biomass from the National Biomass and Carbon Dataset. Finally, we used uncertainty information to propose optimized locations for designing future soil surveys and found that the Atlantic Neotropical, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Southwest, and Appalachian/Cumberland Plateau NEON domains may require larger survey efforts. We highlight the need to increase knowledge of biophysical factors regulating soil processes at deeper depths to better characterize the three‐dimensional space of soils. Our results provide a national benchmark regarding the spatial variability and uncertainty of soil N and reveal areas in need of a better representation.
Use of metal nanoparticles for preconcentration and analysis of biological thiols
Authors: Itterheimová Petra , Dosedělová Věra , Kubáň Petr
Published: July 2022

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit several unique physicochemical properties, including redox activity, surface plasmon resonance, ability to quench fluorescence, biocompatibility, or a high surface‐to‐volume ratio. They are being increasingly used in analysis and preconcentration of thiol containing compounds, because they are able to spontaneously form a stable Au/Ag/Cu–S dative bond. They thus find wide application in environmental and particularly in medical science, especially in the analysis of biological thiols, the endogenous compounds that play a significant role in many biological systems. In this review article, we provide an overview of various types of NPs that have been applied in analysis and preconcentration of biological thiols, mainly in human biological fluids. We first discuss shortly the types of NPs and their synthesis, properties, and their ability to interact with thiol compounds. Then we outline the sample preconcentration and analysis methods that were used for this purpose with special emphasis on optical, electrochemical, and separation techniques.
An overview of adsorptive desulfurization of liquid transportation fuels over various adsorbents including zeolites
Authors: Yeole Niteen R.
Published: July 2022

The conventional technique of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) faces challenges while removing refractory sulfur compounds from liquid fuels. Alternative techniques are under exploration. One of the alternative techniques is adsorptive desulfurization (ADS). In ADS, an adsorbent is used to remove sulfur through physical or chemical adsorption. Moreover, it is possible at ambient conditions. Recent developments in the area of ADS is the focus of the present review. Various adsorbents have been assessed for ADS of the model and real feedstocks. These include both activated carbons and zeolites. Their modification through incorporation of metal ions can improve the performance. Present paper reviews recent progress regarding the development of adsorbents. Improvement of selectivity and stability along with regeneration and reuse too, reviewed. Regeneration studies are helpful in knowing the reusability of adsorbents. Various methods of regeneration such as thermal, solvent and their combination have been addressed. Thus, present paper covers modification, testing, regeneration and reuse of adsorbents for ADS of liquid fuels. Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies relevant to chosen topic also reviewed. Challenges do exist in testing adsorbents for ADS of commercial fuels. These challenges arise due to the competitive adsorption between sulfur compounds and aromatics. For commercialization of ADS, the development of adsorbent with cheaper metal ions and ideal regeneration methods are essential.
Optimization of photocatalytic degradation of biochemical oxygen demand from textile industry effluent using copper oxide nanoparticles by response surface methodology
Authors: Mohammadi Leili , Mohammadpour Amin , Hosseini Mohammad Reza , Shahsavani Ebrahim , Rayeni Reza Abbasi , Golaki Mohammad , Rahdar Abbas , Pandey Sadanand
Published: July 2022

This study aimed at photocatalytic degradation of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from the effluent of the Baluch textile factory in Iranshahr (Iran) using copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). The characteristics of CuONPs were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF). The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency (90.03%) was related to the state in which the intensity of ultraviolet (UV) was at the highest value (30 W). In this study, high values of coefficient of determination (R2) (99.2%) and adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) (98.11%) indicated that the very large share of changes in response variables was determined by independent factors. According to the results of analysis of variance, the order of the effect of the factors used in the study were as follows: pH > UV > time > Copper(II) oxide (CuO) dose. The BOD removal efficiency increased when pH was increased from 3 to 7 and contact time was increased from 10 to 60 min. More than 89% of BOD was removed at pH 7 and contact time 60 min. As such, when nanoparticle dose (from 0.02 to 0.05 g/L and contact time from 10 to 60 min) increased, so that the highest removal efficiency (89%) was reported at a dose of 0.05 g/L nanoparticles and a contact time of 60 min. In general, the Langmuir isotherm had a much better fit (R2 = 0.991) than the Freundlich (R2 = 0.9712) and Temkin (R2 = 0.7545) isotherms.
Challenges and advances of organic electrode materials for sustainable secondary batteries
Authors: Shi Ruijuan , Jiao Shilong , Yue Qianqian , Gu Guangqin , Zhang Kai , Zhao Yong
Published: July 2022

Organic electrode materials (OEMs) emerge as one of the most promising candidates for the next‐generation rechargeable batteries, mainly owing to their advantages of bountiful resources, high theoretical capacity, structural designability, and sustainability. However, OEMs usually suffer from poor electronic conductivity and unsatisfied stability in common organic electrolytes, ultimately leading to their deteriorating output capacity and inferior rate capability. Making clear of the issues from microscale to macroscale level is of great importance for the exploration of novel OEMs. Herein, the challenges and advanced strategies to boost the electrochemical performance of redox‐active OEMs for sustainable secondary batteries are systematically summarized. Particularly, the characterization technologies and computational methods to elucidate the complex redox reaction mechanisms and confirm the organic radical intermediates of OEMs have been introduced. Moreover, the structural design of OEMs‐based full cells and the outlook for OEMs are further presented. This review will shed light on the in‐depth understanding and development of OEMs for sustainable secondary batteries.