bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological aspects of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the parotid gland: A retrospective single‐center analysis of 28 cases
Authors: Troch Marlene , Formanek Michael , Streubel Berthold , Müllauer Leonhard , Chott Andreas , Raderer Markus
Published: August 2010

Background.

In constrast to its gastric counterpart, mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the parotid gland has not been studied extensively. We analyzed the clinicopathological features and the clinical course of all patients with parotid gland MALT lymphoma diagnosed and treated at our institution.

Methods.

Patient characteristics including an underlying autoimmune disease, disease stage, genetic aberrations, treatment, and clinical course were assessed and evaluated. Twenty‐eight patients (19 women, 9 men) were identified; median age at diagnosis was 49 years (interquartile range [IQR], 40–56), and 18 patients (64%) had an underlying autoimmune disease. Eleven had stage IE, 7 patients had stage IIE, and 10 had advanced disease (stage IV).

Results.

Genetic aberrations were detected in 9 of 20 patients; 5 patients had trisomy 3, 2 patients had a t(11;18)(q21;21) translocation, 1 had trisomy 3 and 18, and 1 patient had a t(14;18)(q32;q21) translocation plus trisomy 18. After a median follow‐up time of 62 months (IQR, 32–98 months), 24 patients (86%) are alive. Fifteen patients are free from lymphoma, whereas 13 patients (46%) have had a relapse.

Conclusion.

Our data suggest that MALT lymphoma of the parotid gland is often associated with autoimmune diseases and that trisomy 3 is the most common genetic feature of this disease. The high rate of relapse warrants further study on optimal therapy of such patients. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Osteolipoma of the parapharyngeal space mimicking liposarcoma: A case report
Authors: Bulkeley William , Mills Omie L. , Gonzalvo Americo , Wong Kondi
Published: August 2010

Background.

Lipomas are the most common benign neoplasm of the head and neck. However, osteolipomas, a rare variant of lipoma, are uncommon in this location. When they occur, variations in location and radiographic presentation may obscure the diagnosis.

Methods and Results.

A 68‐year‐old man presented with left jaw pain and numbness in the maxillary (V‐1) distribution. A CT angiography of the neck revealed a possible liposarcoma. Embolization of the mass was determined to be unfeasible. Consequently, surgical resection was performed revealing a benign osteolipoma.

Conclusion.

We report a rare case of osteolipoma of the parapharyngeal space. Clinicians should be aware that the clinical and radiological features of patients with head and neck osteolipomas may mimic malignant neoplasms. When given deserved consideration, inappropriate treatment of an otherwise benign lesion may be avoided. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Tumor growth inhibition of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines by low dose of arsenic trioxide via alteration of cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis
Authors: Yeh Kun‐Yun , Chang John W.‐C. , Li Ying‐Ying , Wang Cheng‐Hsu , Wang Hung‐Ming
Published: August 2010

Background.

Although arsenic trioxide (ATO) has displayed anticancer activity against primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), its efficacy in metastatic NPC deserved further investigation because the biological/therapeutic difference in cancer cells probably exists between primary and distant sites.

Methods.

Two human metastatic NPC cell lines (NPC‐BM1 and NPC‐BM2) were investigated. We measured cellular proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptotic extent of BM1 and BM2 cells treated with ATO in vitro. Furthermore, we evaluated the tumor growth after ATO treatment in vivo.

Results.

Low‐dose ATO treatment is sufficient to induce an antiproliferative effect, alter the cell cycle, and increase apoptosis in BM1 and BM2 cells. BM1 tumor growth in a xenograft model with low‐dose and short‐schedule (1 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injection for 5 consecutive days) of ATO treatment significantly slowed in vivo.

Conclusion.

ATO at low dose seems to be an encouraging schedule for palliative treatment of metastatic NPC. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Neck dissections in the United States from 2000 to 2006: Volume, indications, and regionalization
Authors: Kim Eugene Y. , Eisele David W. , Goldberg Andrew N. , Maselli Judy , Kezirian Eric J.
Published: August 2010

Background.

The purpose of this study was to examine trends in neck dissection and regionalization.

Methods.

This cross‐sectional and longitudinal study used the years 2000, 2004, and 2006 data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Chi‐square tests compared trends for total neck dissections and specific subsites. To test regionalization, we examined the distribution of procedures across hospital and procedure volume quartiles.

Results.

From 2000 to 2006, the number of neck dissections increased from 18,112 to 22,918. Three‐fourths of the total increase was associated with thyroid and parathyroid gland or skin neoplasms. There was an increase in neck dissections for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) subsites and no decline for the oropharynx and tongue base. Regionalization occurred as high‐volume hospitals and providers performed a greater proportion of neck dissections over time.

Conclusion.

Neck dissections increased from the year 2000 to 2006. There were no decreases in neck dissections for certain subsites with a greater role for primary chemoradiotherapy. Regionalization has occurred. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
CT cross‐sectional imaging classification system for substernal goiter based on risk factors for an extracervical surgical approach
Authors: Mercante Giuseppe , Gabrielli Enrico , Pedroni Corrado , Formisano Debora , Bertolini Laura , Nicoli Franco , Valcavi Roberto , Barbieri Verter
Published: August 2010

Background

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for surgical extracervical approach in patients with substernal goiter. We used a novel classification system based on CT scan cross‐sectional imaging (CSI) reconstruction.

Methods

Medical records of 4297 patients with thyroid disease operated on at our department were reviewed. A CSI classification system defined substernal goiter in the cranio‐caudal dimension as: grade 1 (above aortic arch), grade 2 (level of aortic arch), and grade 3 (below aortic arch); in the anteroposterior dimension as type A (prevascular), type B (retrovascular‐paratracheal), and type C (retrotracheal); in the latero‐lateral dimension as: monolateral or bilateral.

Results

The prevalence of substernal goiter was 222 of 4297 cases (5.1%). Fifteen of 222 cases (6.7%) required an extracervical approach due to grade ≥2 and/or type C substernal goiter (14 of 15 cases). Ten of 15 patients had malignancy.

Conclusion

The CT‐CSI classification system allows us to identify risk factors for extracervical surgical approach in substernal goiter. They are grade ≥2, type C substernal goiter, and malignancy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Relation of mucous membrane alterations to oral intake during the first year after treatment for head and neck cancer
Authors: Pauloski Barbara Roa , Rademaker Alfred W. , Logemann Jerilyn A. , Lundy Donna , Bernstein Michelle , McBreen Carrie , Santa Daphne , Campanelli Angela , Kelchner Lisa , Klaben Bernice , Discekici‐Harris Muveddet
Published: August 2010

Background.

Acute oral mucositis is associated with pain and impaired swallowing. Little information is available on the effects of chronic mucositis on swallowing.

Methods.

Sixty patients treated for cancer of the head and neck were examined during the first year after their cancer treatment. Oral mucosa was rated with the Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale. Stimulated whole‐mouth saliva, oral pain rating, percent of oral intake, and 2 subscales of the Performance Status Scale for Head and Neck (PSS‐HN) cancer were also collected.

Results.

Mucositis scores and pain ratings decreased over time while functional measures of eating improved over time. Reduction in chronic mucositis was correlated with improved oral intake and diet.

Conclusion.

Lack of association with pain was attributed to the absence of ulcerations. Continued impairment of oral intake during the first year posttreatment may be related to oral mucosal changes and other factors. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Dexamethasone prophylaxis before thyroidectomy to reduce postoperative nausea, pain, and vocal dysfunction: A randomized clinical controlled trial
Authors: Feroci Francesco , Rettori Marco , Borrelli Andrea , Lenzi Elisa , Ottaviano Alessandra , Scatizzi Marco
Published: August 2010

Background.

The objective of this 2‐arm, double‐blind, randomized, controlled study was to assess the effects of a preoperative single dose steroid on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), pain, and vocal function after thyroidectomy for benign disease.

Methods.

We randomized 102 patients into 2 groups from January to December 2009: (1) treatment with 8 mg/2 mL of dexamethasone and (2) treatment with 2 mL NaCl 0.9%, both administered intravenously before anesthesia.

Results.

The severity of nausea and the need for antiemetic drugs were reduced in patients receiving dexamethasone (p = .0001). Dexamethasone patients reported significantly less pain (p = .008); the need for analgesic drugs was lower in the dexamethasone group (p = .048). No differences were noted with regard to subjective voice analysis (p = .693).

Conclusion.

Dexamethasone (8 mg IV) is a safe and effective method to reduce PONV and pain after thyroid resection and should be used routinely. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Changes in nutritional status and dietary intake during and after head and neck cancer treatment
Authors: Jager‐Wittenaar Harriët , Dijkstra Pieter U. , Vissink Arjan , Langendijk Johannes A. , van der Laan Bernard F.A.M. , Pruim Jan , Roodenburg Jan L.N.
Published: August 2010

Background.

The purpose of this study was to test whether nutritional status of patients with head and neck cancer changes during and after treatment.

Methods.

Nutritional status (including body weight, lean mass, and fat mass) and dietary intake were assessed in 29 patients with head and neck cancer. Patients were assessed 1 week before, and 1 and 4 months after treatment (radiotherapy, either alone or combined with chemotherapy or surgery).

Results.

During treatment, body weight (−3.6 ± 5.3 kg; p = .019) and lean mass (−2.43 ± 2.81 kg; p = .001) significantly declined. Patients with sufficient intake (≥35 kcal and ≥1.5 grams protein/kg body weight) lost less body weight and lean mass than patients with insufficient intake (mean difference, −4.0 ± 1.9 kg; p = 0.048 and −2.1 ± 1.0 kg; p = .054, respectively). After treatment, only patients with sufficient intake gained body weight (2.3 ± 2.3 kg) and lean mass (1.2 ± 1.3 kg).

Conclusion.

Patients with head and neck cancer fail to maintain or improve nutritional status during treatment, despite sufficient intake. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Prevalence and impact on clinicopathological characteristics of human papillomavirus‐16 DNA in cervical lymph node metastases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Weiss Daniel , Koopmann Mario , Rudack Claudia
Published: August 2010

Background.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a basic risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Little knowledge exists about the impact of HPV on clinical diagnostic and therapy of patients with HNSCC.

Methods.

We evaluated the evidence of HPV16 in 131 retrospectively collected HNSCC and associated cervical lymph node metastases by HPV16 real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and p16 immunohistochemistry and its impact on clinicopathological characteristics.

Results.

HPV16‐DNA and p16 overexpression were present in 27% of HNSCCs. All cervical lymph node metastases of HPV16‐positive HNSCC showed HPV16‐DNA. HPV16 was strongly associated with tumors arising from the oropharyngeal site (p < .000001), favorable outcome after standard therapy in univariate (p = .001) and multivariate (p = .0004) analysis, and cervical lymph node metastases before primary detection.

Conclusion.

HPV16‐diagnostic in cervical lymph node metastases can predict the site of tumor origin in case of carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) and favorable outcome and should, therefore, be included in routine diagnostic workup. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Survival analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Influence of smoking and drinking
Authors: Farshadpour Farzaneh , Kranenborg Hanneke , Calkoen Eveline Van Beeck , Hordijk Gerrit Jan , Koole Ron , Slootweg Piet J. , Terhaard Chris H.
Published: August 2010

Background.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are associated with tobacco and alcohol; however, the prognostic relevance of these substances is unclear.

Methods.

Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed for patients with (n = 1829) and without (n = 183) substance use.

Results.

HNSCC‐specific survival (death due to primary‐HNSCC or recurrent HNSCC) and HNSCC/second primary tumor–specific survival (death due to primary‐HNSCC or recurrent HNSCC or second primary tumor) were not significantly different for patients who smoked and drank alcohol (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86–1.85) and those who did not (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.96–1.88). Overall survival was significantly affected; HR for patients who smoked and drank alcohol was 1.50 (95% CI, 1.16–1.93).

Conclusion.

Although tobacco and alcohol use are the main risk factors for development of HNSCC, disease outcome was comparable in patients who did or did not use these substances. Tobacco and alcohol use affected overall survival, which emphasizes the importance of substance use cessation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Differences in history of sexual behavior between patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and patients with squamous cell carcinoma at other head and neck sites
Authors: Dahlstrom Kristina R. , Li Guojun , Tortolero‐Luna Guillermo , Wei Qingyi , Sturgis Erich M.
Published: August 2010

Background.

An emerging epidemic of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal cancer has been proposed. The purpose of this study was for us to compare the sexual behaviors of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (SCCOP) and patients with squamous cell carcinoma of non‐oropharyngeal (SCCNOP) head and neck sites to expand our understanding of sexual behavior as a risk factor for HPV‐associated head and neck cancer.

Methods.

The sexual history of 165 patients with SCCOP and 87 patients with SCCNOP was determined in a hospital‐based case‐to‐case comparison study.

Results.

Patients with SCCOP were significantly more likely than patients with SCCNOP to have had >9 lifetime sex partners (odds ratio [OR], 39.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.2–187.3), to have engaged in oral‐genital sex (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.1–11.1), and to have had >4 oral‐genital sex partners (OR, 8.6; 95% CI, 2.2–33.4).

Conclusion.

The findings of this study suggest that some risk factors are site‐specific and provide further evidence that certain sexual behaviors increase the risk of HPV‐associated SCCOP. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Sclerotherapy of lymphangiomas of the head and neck
Authors: Wiegand Susanne , Eivazi Behfar , Zimmermann Annette P. , Sesterhenn Andreas M. , Werner Jochen A.
Published: August 2010

Lymphangiomas are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system that consist of cysts of varying size. Although they are benign, they can undergo progressive growth with compression and infiltration of adjacent structures. Surgical excision has been the cornerstone of treatment, although total excision of the lymphangioma can be a major challenge and may be associated with severe complications. Therefore, a variety of nonsurgical methods have been proposed to reduce the surgical morbidity and to decrease the recurrence rate. Percutaneous sclerotherapy of lymphangioma involves the injection of sclerosing substances into the lymphangioma cysts. During the past years, different sclerosants and sclerosant techniques have been developed. This review summarizes the current knowledge on sclerotherapy of lymphangiomas of the head and neck. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Polyethylenimine‐mediated PUMA gene delivery to orthotopic oral cancer: Suppression of tumor growth through apoptosis induction in situ and prolonged survival
Authors: Yeh Cheng‐Chang , Hsieh Hsiao‐Ling , Lee Jihjong , Jan Yi‐Hua , Lai Tsung‐Ching , Hong Chi‐Yuan , Hsiao Michael , Kuo Mark Y. P.
Published: August 2010

Background.

PUMA (a p53 up‐regulated modulator of apoptosis) is induced by p53 tumor suppressor and other apoptotic stimuli. It was found to be a principal mediator of cell death in response to diverse apoptotic signals, implicating PUMA as a likely tumor suppressor.

Methods.

In this study, we examined the efficacy of targeted PUMA gene therapy in human oral cancer (SAS) cells using polyethylenimine (PEI)‐mediated transfection for gene delivery.

Results.

Exogenous expression of PUMA in SAS cells resulted in apoptosis with cytochrome c release, activation of caspase‐3 and ‐9, and cleavage of PARP. Gene delivery of PEI/PUMA in SAS xenografts induced apoptosis and resulted in significant reductions (∼60%) of tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we have shown that PEI‐mediated PUMA gene therapy prolonged survival of animals with orthotopic SAS oral cancers.

Conclusions.

Taken together, these results indicated that PUMA gene therapy via PEI delivery could be a promising method for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Evaluation of drug transporters' significance for multidrug resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Theile Dirk , Ketabi‐Kiyanvash Nahal , Herold‐Mende Christel , Dyckhoff Gerhardt , Efferth Thomas , Bertholet Vincent , Haefeli Walter Emil , Weiss Johanna
Published: August 2010

Background.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) hampers chemotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). There is little information about MDR mediating drug transporters in HNSCC.

Methods.

Nine HNSCC cell lines were characterized concerning drug transporter expression and susceptibility to cisplatin, paclitaxel, and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) using a DNA microarray and proliferation assays. Three cells lines were precisely investigated for transporter expression using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and drug resistance before and after simulated chemotherapies.

Results.

The cell lines differed in drug resistance and transporter expression. Cisplatin and paclitaxel resistances were inversely associated. Drugs rendered HNSCC cells resistant, cross‐resistant, or cross‐sensitive. Sensitivity changes were accompanied by transporter mRNA expression changes.

Conclusion.

Paclitaxel was identified as a potent inducer of numerous drug transporters and phenotypic MDR in HNSCC. Thus, cytostatic susceptibility of HNSCC cannot exclusively be deduced from the expression of single transporters but more likely of the entire transportome and non‐transporter modulators. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Evaluation of floodplain variability considering impacts of climate change
Authors: Karamouz Mohammad , Noori Navideh , Moridi Ali , Ahmadi Azadeh
Published: August 2010

In this study, an approach is presented for handling hydraulic uncertainties in the prediction of floodplain. Different factors affect river flood characteristics. Furthermore, the high changeability of flooding conditions leads to high variability of the inundation.

River morphology is one of the most effective factors in river flood characteristics. This factor is influenced by sedimentation and erosion in the river cross sections, which affects the discharge variation. The depth and the width of the river cross section lead to an increase or decrease in the river flow path. This results in changes in the extent of the floodplain based on the generated rainfall. The inundated region boundaries are determined by utilizing the mean first‐order second‐moment analysis. The proposed method is applied to the Kajoo River in the south‐eastern part of Iran. Determination of floodplain uncertainty is a damage‐reduction policy in this region. Also, it is useful to prepare the necessary activities for overcoming the flood hazards.

Climate change is the second effective factor on the floodplain uncertainties. Climate change affects the magnitude, extent and depth of inundation and it may intensify the flood problem. Therefore, the future rainfall pattern of the study area under climate change is simulated to evaluate its impacts on the river flow characteristic. Subsequently, a hydraulic routing model is used to determine floodplain. Finally, the copula function is used to estimate the joint probability of the changes in the inundation area due to changes in river morphology and the rainfall changes due to impacts of climate change.

Results show that the uncertainties of the extent of floodplain are affected by climate change and river morphology, leading to noticeable changes in the magnitude and frequency of floods. Evaluating these impacts and estimating corresponding river discharges will help in the study of river dynamics, and will also contribute towards devising effective mitigation and management strategies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of neural network, fuzzy logic and linear transfer function techniques in daily rainfall‐runoff modelling under different input domains
Authors: Lohani Anil Kumar , Goel N. K. , Bhatia K. K. S.
Published: August 2010

This paper compares artificial neural network (ANN), fuzzy logic (FL) and linear transfer function (LTF)‐based approaches for daily rainfall‐runoff modelling. This study also investigates the potential of Takagi‐Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model and the impact of antecedent soil moisture conditions in the performance of the daily rainfall‐runoff models. Eleven different input vectors under four classes, i.e. (i) rainfall, (ii) rainfall and antecedent moisture content, (iii) rainfall and runoff and (iv) rainfall, runoff and antecedent moisture content are considered for examining the effects of input data vector on rainfall‐runoff modelling. Using the rainfall‐runoff data of the upper Narmada basin, Central India, a suitable modelling technique with appropriate model input structure is suggested on the basis of various model performance indices. The results show that the fuzzy modelling approach is uniformly outperforming the LTF and also always superior to the ANN‐based models. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfer function‐noise modelling of an aquifer system in NE Italy
Authors: Fabbri Paolo , Gaetan Carlo , Zangheri Pietro
Published: August 2010

In this article, we use a transfer function‐noise (TFN) modelling strategy with single output and multiple/single inputs to study the relationships among a large unconfined aquifer in the upper Venetian plain (Northeast Italy), its recharge components (rainfalls and losing river) and a multi‐layered confined system located in the middle Venetian plain. Model identification from the data raises a range of difficulties when seeking models with consistent physical behaviour, but no information related to the transfer function order and the lags with no zero weights is available. Therefore we use an automatic identification procedure for TFN models. The obtained results suggest that the rainfall component is more important than the river discharge in the unconfined aquifer, and the behaviours of the deep‐confined aquifers are synchronous with that observed in the Badoere area. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The parenting dimensions of British Pakistani and White mothers of primary school children
Authors: Ali Shama , Frederickson Norah
Published: August 2010

There is increasing emphasis internationally on the use of parenting programmes to support the development of appropriate social behaviour in children. However, in such programmes diversity is often ignored. Research into the parenting styles and practices (dimensions) of different ethnic groups is needed in order to investigate the applicability of universal programmes, to guide their design and implementation in the future. Thirty‐four British Pakistani and 34 British White mothers of primary aged children, comprising equal numbers of males and females, completed English or Urdu versions of the Parental Dimensions Inventory—Short Version (PDI‐S), (Power, Int. J. Behav. Dev. 67: 302–313) and a child behavioural screening instrument, the SDQ (Goodman, J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 38: 581–586).

More similarities than differences between the parenting dimensions of Pakistani and White mothers were found overall. However, compared with White mothers, Pakistani mothers reported more ‘following through on discipline’ as well as ‘reminding’ as a disciplinary action. Further, Pakistani mothers reported following through on discipline more with boys than White mothers did and the more they reported inconsistent parenting, the more their children reportedly had behaviour problems. It is concluded that while these findings provide some support for the cross‐cultural applicability of generic parenting programmes, programme efficacy studies are also needed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Probabilistic application of a fugacity model to predict triclosan fate during wastewater treatment
Authors: Bock Michael , Lyndall Jennifer , Barber Timothy , Fuchsman Phyllis , Perruchon Elyse , Capdevielle Marie
Published: August 2010

The fate and partitioning of the antimicrobial compound, triclosan, in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is evaluated using a probabilistic fugacity model to predict the range of triclosan concentrations in effluent and secondary biosolids. The WWTP model predicts 84% to 92% triclosan removal, which is within the range of measured removal efficiencies (typically 70% to 98%). Triclosan is predominantly removed by sorption and subsequent settling of organic particulates during primary treatment and by aerobic biodegradation during secondary treatment. Median modeled removal efficiency due to sorption is 40% for all treatment phases and 31% in the primary treatment phase. Median modeled removal efficiency due to biodegradation is 48% for all treatment phases and 44% in the secondary treatment phase. Important factors contributing to variation in predicted triclosan concentrations in effluent and biosolids include influent concentrations, solids concentrations in settling tanks, and factors related to solids retention time. Measured triclosan concentrations in biosolids and non-United States (US) effluent are consistent with model predictions. However, median concentrations in US effluent are over-predicted with this model, suggesting that differences in some aspect of treatment practices not incorporated in the model (e.g., disinfection methods) may affect triclosan removal from effluent. Model applications include predicting changes in environmental loadings associated with new triclosan applications and supporting risk analyses for biosolids-amended land and effluent receiving waters. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2010;6:393–404. © 2010 SETAC
Oncolytic designer host defense peptide suppresses growth of human liposarcoma
Authors: Steinstraesser Lars , Schubert Cornelius , Hauk Jennifer , Becerikli Mustafa , Stricker Ingo , Koeller Manfred , Hatt Hanns , von Duering Monika , Shai Yechiel , Steinau Hans‐Ulrich , Jacobsen Frank
Published: August 2010

Sarcomas display a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors. Treatment options are limited. Host defense peptides (HDPs), effector molecules of the innate immune system, might provide a more effective treatment option. The aim of our study was to analyze the oncolytic activity and mode of action of a designer HDP. In vitro, the human liposarcoma cell line SW‐872 and primary human fibroblasts as a control were exposed to [D]‐K3H3L9, a 15‐mer D,L‐amino acid designer peptide. Cell growth (MTT assay), proliferation (BrdU assay) and genotoxicity (TUNEL assay) were analyzed. The mode of action was examined via fluorescence‐activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In vivo, [D]‐K3H3L9 (n = 7) was administered intratumorally in a SW‐872 xenograft mouse model (Foxn1nu/nu). Phosphate buffered saline served as a control (n = 5). After 4 weeks, tumor sections were histologically analyzed with respect to proliferation, cytotoxicity, vessel density and signs of apoptosis and necrosis, respectively. In vitro, [D]‐K3H3L9 highly significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited cell metabolism and proliferation. TUNEL assay revealed corresponding genotoxicity. FACS analysis suggested induction of necrosis as a cause of cell death. The mean tumor volume of the control group exponentially increased sevenfold, whereas the mean tumor growth was negligible in the treatment group. Macroscopically, [D]‐K3H3L9 induced full tumor remission in 43% of treated animals and partial remission in 43%. Vessel density was significantly reduced by 52%. Morphological analyses supported the hypothesis of cancer cell killing by necrosis. In summary, [D]‐K3H3L9 exerts very promising oncolytic activity on liposarcoma cells. Our study demonstrates the potential of HDPs as a novel therapeutic option in future soft tissue sarcoma therapy.
The association of hormonal contraceptive use and HPV prevalence
Authors: Marks Morgan , Gravitt Patti E. , Gupta Swati B. , Liaw Kai‐Li , Kim Esther , Tadesse Amha , Phongnarisorn Chailert , Wootipoom Virach , Yuenyao Pissamai , Vipupinyo Charoen , Rugpao Sungwal , Sriplienchan Somchai , Celentano David D.
Published: August 2010

Women diagnosed with cervical cancer report longer duration and more recent use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). It is unclear whether COC use is associated with upstream events of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection prior to development of clinical disease. The objective of our study was to assess the association of contraceptive use on the risk for prevalent HPV infection in a cohort of long‐term hormonal contraceptive (HC) users. One thousand and seventy (n = 1,070) HIV‐negative women aged 20–37 from Thailand enrolled in a prospective study of the natural history of HPV. Baseline HPV genotype information, recency and duration of HC use, sexual behavior, other sexually transmitted infection (STI) information and cervical cytology and histology were assessed. At enrollment, 19.8% and 11.5% of women were infected with any HPV or any high‐risk (HR)‐HPV, respectively. After adjustment for age, current and past sexual risk behaviors, STI history and cytology, the use of COCs for >6 years was found to be associated with an increased risk of infection with any HPV [prevalence ratio (PR): 1.88 (1.21, 2.90)] and any HR‐HPV [PR: 2.68 (1.47, 4.88)] as compared to never users. Recent, long‐term COC use was associated with an increased risk for prevalent HPV infection independent of sexual behavior and cervical abnormalities. No similar association was observed for recent or long duration use of progestin‐only contraceptives (i.e., depomedroxyprogesterone acetate). These data suggest that COC use may impact early upstream events in the natural history of HPV infection.
Differential hypermethylation of genes in vulvar cancer and lichen sclerosus coexisting or not with vulvar cancer
Authors: Guerrero David , Guarch Rosa , Ojer Amaya , Casas Juan Manuel , Méndez‐Meca Carolina , Esteller Manel , Barba‐Ramos Edurne , Garcia‐Bragado Federico , Puras Ana
Published: August 2010

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva is a heterogeneous disease, associated or not with vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS). The precursor role of LS in vulvar cancer is unclear. We studied the epigenetic alterations of RASSF1A, RASSF2A, p16, TSP‐1 and MGMT genes in vulvar SCCs, LS associated with SCC, isolated LS and normal vulvar skin. Gene hypermethylation and human papillomavirus presence were evaluated by methylation‐specific PCR and PCR/reverse line blot, respectively. High‐risk human papillomavirus types were present in 16.7% of the patients with vulvar SCC. There were increasing percentages of hypermethylation of genes from isolated LS to LS associated with vulvar SCC and vulvar SCC. The genes were hypermethylated more frequently in vulvar SCC associated with LS than in those not associated with LS, MGMT and RASSF2A being unmethylated in LS not associated with vulvar SCC. TSP‐1 hypermethylation was related to recurrence in patients with vulvar cancer. Conclusions are as follows: (i) the epigenetic inactivation of genes is a common event in vulvar SCC and is also present in adjacent lesions, implying a possible precursor role for these alterations; (ii) MGMT and RASSF2A hypermethylation are present exclusively in vulvar SCC and LS associated with SCC, and absent from isolated LS; and (iii) TSP‐1 hypermethylation is a bad prognosis factor in vulvar SCC.
Predicting the progression of cervical precursor lesions by human papillomavirus genotyping: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Matsumoto Koji , Oki Akinori , Furuta Reiko , Maeda Hiroo , Yasugi Toshiharu , Takatsuka Naoyoshi , Mitsuhashi Akira , Fujii Takuma , Hirai Yasuo , Iwasaka Tsuyoshi , Yaegashi Nobuo , Watanabe Yoh , Nagai Yutaka , Kitagawa Tomoyuki , Yoshikawa Hiroyuki ,   for Japan HPV And Cervical Cancer (JHACC) Study Group
Published: August 2010

Only a subset of cervical precursor lesions progress to cervical cancer and because of the lack of the predictive markers, it cannot be ascertained which lesions will progress or not. To estimate the risk of disease progression associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes, we followed 570 Japanese women with cytological LSIL (low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion) and histological CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) grade 1–2 lesions (479 CIN 1; 91 CIN 2) at 3 to 4 month intervals for a mean follow‐up period of 39.1 months. At entry, we detected HPV DNA in cervical samples by polymerase chain reaction‐based methodology. Over the period of follow‐up period, 46 lesions progressed to CIN 3 while 362 regressed to normal cytology. Women with multiple HPV infections were more likely to have persistent lesions (hazard ratio [HR] for regression, 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42–1.02; p = 0.07); however, multiple infections did not increase the risk of progression (HR for progression, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.37–2.94; p = 0.94). After adjusting for CIN grade and women's age, HRs for progression to CIN 3 (vs. women with low‐risk types or negative for HPV DNA) varied markedly by HPV genotype: type 16 (11.1, 95% CI: 1.39–88.3); 18 (14.1, 0.65–306); 31 (24.7, 2.51–243); 33 (20.3, 1.78–231); 35 (13.7, 0.75–251); 52 (11.6, 1.45–93.3); 58 (8.85, 1.01–77.6); other high‐risk types (4.04, 0.47–34.7). HPV 45 was not detected in our study subjects. The cumulative probability of CIN 3 within 5 years was 20.5% for HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 52 and 58; 6.0% for other high‐risk types; 1.7% for low‐risk types (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, type‐specific HPV testing for women with LSIL/CIN 1–2 lesions is useful for identifying populations at increased or decreased risk of disease progression.
Upregulation of TRAG3 gene in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Karam Jose A. , Huang Sandra , Fan Jinhai , Stanfield Jennifer , Schultz Roger A. , Pong Rey‐Chen , Sun Xiankai , Mason Ralph P. , Xie Xian‐Jin , Niu Gang , Chen Xiaoyuan , Frenkel Eugene P. , Sagalowsky Arthur I. , Hsieh Jer‐Tsong
Published: August 2010

Conventional chemotherapy is commonly used for advanced stages of bladder cancer with modest success and high morbidity. Identifying markers of resistance will allow clinicians to tailor treatment to a specific patient population. T24‐tumorigenic cell line was grown orthotopically in nude mice and monitored using bioluminescence imaging and microcomputed tomography until they developed metastases. Stable sublines were then developed from primary bladder (T24‐P), lung (T24‐L) and bone (T24‐B) tissues. Chromosomal analysis and DNA microarray were used to characterize these sublines. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used for validation. Epigenetic modifiers were used to study gene regulation. The cell viability was quantified with MTT assay. Chromosomal analysis revealed multiple alterations in metastatic cell lines compared to T24‐P. DNA microarray analysis showed that taxol resistance‐associated gene (TRAG) 3 was the most upregulated gene. From real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, TRAG3 was significantly higher in T24‐L and T24‐B than T24‐P. TRAG3 gene expression is likely controlled by DNA methylation but not histone acetylation. Interestingly, T24‐B and T24‐L cells were more resistant than T24‐P to treatment with antimicrotubule agents such as docetaxel, paclitaxel and vinblastine. TRAG3 mRNA expression was higher in 20% of patients with ≤pT2 (n = 10) and 60% of patients with ≥pT3 (n = 20) compared to normal adjacent tissue (p = 0.05). In addition, the median TRAG3 expression was 6.7‐fold higher in ≥pT3 tumors compared to ≤pT2 tumors. Knowing the status of TRAG3 expression could help clinicians tailor treatment to a particular patient population that could benefit from treatment, while allocating patients with resistant tumors to new experimental therapies.
Antiapoptotic function of charged multivesicular body protein 5: A potentially relevant gene in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Shahmoradgoli Maria , Mannherz Otto , Engel Felix , Heck Stefanie , Krämer Alwin , Seiffert Martina , Pscherer Armin , Lichter Peter
Published: August 2010

In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely used to uncover gene function or pathway context of novel genes. In our study, we describe a short‐hairpin RNA‐based RNAi screening of a set of functionally uncharacterized human genes for their possible capability to inhibit apoptosis. We thereby identified a new antiapoptotic function for CHMP5 (charged multivesicular body protein 5), which was confirmed by overexpression and rescue assays. Furthermore, caspase assays showed that CHMP5 silencing induced caspase cascade activation mainly through extrinsic apoptosis pathway. Based on genome‐wide expression array profiling, a possible regulatory role of CHMP5 on apoptosis‐associated genes and different signaling pathways including nuclear factor kappa B was revealed. In addition, we found significantly higher CHMP5 mRNA levels in acute myeloid leukemia patients. This observation together with the antiapoptotic feature of CHMP5 suggests a possible oncogenic function for this gene in leukemogenesis.
Role of p115RhoGEF in the regulation of extracellular Ca2+‐induced choline kinase activation and prostate cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Huang Chunfa , Liu Siguo , Miller R. Tyler
Published: August 2010

Ca2+ is a ubiquitous cellular signal which plays a central role in the regulation of cell function. To understand aberrant signaling through the Ca2+‐sensing receptor (CaR) in prostate cancer cells, we compared expression of CaR signaling components in human nonmalignant prostate epithelial cells and several prostate cancer cell lines, as well as normal human prostate and prostate tumor specimens. We found that levels of the CaR, Gα12 and p115RhoGEF expression are significantly up‐regulated in more tumorigenic prostate cancer cells and prostate tumor specimens. By silencing CaR, Gα12, p115RhoGEF or choline kinase (ChoK) expression, analyzing the change in lipid profiles, blocking signaling pathways using chemical inhibitors, and co‐immunoprecipitating the relevant signaling proteins, we demonstrate that p115RhoGEF, a regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) with GAP activity for Gα12/13 and with guanine nucleotide exchange activity for the small G protein Rho, plays an important role in the regulation of Ca‐induced ChoK activation and cell proliferation in more tumorigenic prostate cancer cell lines. The results demonstrate an important role of p115RhoGEF in prostate tumorigenesis and provide a potential target of cancer therapeutics.
Self‐Assembly of Nanostructures on Surfaces Using Metal–Organic Coordination
Authors: Rubinstein Israel , Vaskevich Alexander
Published: August 2010

Layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of multilayers is an established method for the construction of layered nanostructures on surfaces, affording control of the thickness, composition, and organization in the vertical direction. Binding between layers is accomplished using various types of interactions, including electrostatic binding, hydrogen bonding, covalent bonding, metal–organic coordination, host–guest interactions, biospecific interactions, and others. Here we focus on LbL assembly using metal–organic coordination, and specifically on layered nanostructures based on bishydroxamate–M4+ binding. The coordination approach offers attractive features, such as a simple reaction, a defined geometry, and reversibility under certain conditions. The basic scheme includes self‐assembly of a ligand (anchor) monolayer on the surface, followed by alternate binding of metal ions and multi‐functional ligand layers, to form a coordination multilayer. This approach is demonstrated by the construction of a variety of coordinated nanostructures, including bilayers, multilayers, dendrimers, and nanoparticle assemblies, prepared on gold and oxide substrates.
Electrochemistry at Ultramicroelectrode Arrays and Nanoelectrode Ensembles of Macro‐ and Ultramicroelectrode Dimensions
Authors: Zoski Cynthia G. , Wijesinghe Manjula
Published: August 2010

Recent experiments on the development and characterization of nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs) based on Au‐filled polycarbonate membranes and microfabricated addressable ultramicroelectrode (UME) arrays are described. Macro‐NEEs operate under primarily transient diffusion conditions while the more recently developed ultramicro‐NEEs operate under primarily steady‐state diffusion conditions due to the high rate of mass transport to the nanoelectrode sites and the overall ultramicro‐geometry; both types of NEEs are discussed. In addition to the traditional characterization methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) for arrays and ensembles, the use of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in assessing the viability of the insulated addressing tracks, as well as the electrochemical reactivity and conductivity of the individual UME sites, is discussed. The behavior of infinite (i. e., macro‐) arrays and ensembles of UME and NE sites is well understood, but this is not the case for finite (i. e., ultramicro‐) arrays and ensembles, where the perimeter sites now play a large role in the overall steady‐state behavior. A general theory and 3D simulations for these UME‐NEEs are described.
Formation, Characterization, and Applications of Organic and Inorganic Nanometric Films
Authors: Mandler Daniel
Published: August 2010

The formation of thin coatings based on either self‐assembled monolayers or polymeric films is discussed. These coatings are used to structure surfaces and control their physical and chemical properties. Different examples are given from our work emphasizing the advantages of monolayers and polymeric films. Finally, different approaches, which benefit from both monolayers and polymeric films, are presented.
Synergistic repression of estrogen receptor transcriptional activity by FHL2 and Smad4 in breast cancer cells
Authors: Xiong Zhihong , Ding Lihua , Sun Junzhong , Cao Jia , Lin Jing , Lu Zhaohui , Liu Yufei , Huang Cuifen , Ye Qinong
Published: August 2010

Four and a half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) has been implicated in development and progression of various types of cancers. However, little is known about the biological function of FHL2 in breast cancer. Here, we report that FHL2 physically and functionally interacts with estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), important regulators of breast cancer development and progression. The N‐terminal half LIM domain or a single LIM domain of FHL2 was sufficient for its interaction with ERα and ERβ. Overexpression of FHL2 reduced ER transcriptional activity in breast cancer cells, whereas reduction of endogenous FHL2 with FHL2 small interfering RNA enhanced ER transactivation. Moreover, FHL2 cooperates with Smad4, a previously known corepressor for ERα, to inhibit ERα transcriptional activity as well as expression of the estrogen‐responsive gene cathepsin D. The synergistic inhibition of ERα transcriptional activity by FHL2 and Smad4 may be due to enhanced interaction of Smad4 with ERα by FHL2, because FHL2(1–156), the FHL2 deletion mutant, which showed no synergistic effect, failed to increase such interaction. These data suggested the cooperative regulation of estrogen signaling by FHL2 and Smad4 in breast cancer cells, and might provide a new regulation mechanism underlying breast cancer development and progression. © 2010 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 62(9): 669–676, 2010
Edited by Peter M. Chapman, William J. Adams, Marjorie L. Brooks, Charles G. Delos, Samuel N. Luoma, William A. Maher, Harry M. Ohlendorf, Theresa S. Presser and D. Patrick Shaw, Ecological assessment of selenium in the aquatic environment, CRC Press, New York, 2010, 339 pp., (hardback) ISBN 978‐1‐4398‐2677‐5
Authors: Sahu Saura C.
Published: August 2010

Selenium is a naturally occurring essential element. Its concentration in the environment is increasing in the modern industrial world. Selenium can be a double‐edged sword; it is not only beneficial for health, but also it can have adverse health effects. This book provides an in‐depth ecological assessment of selenium in the aquatic environment. This comprehensive presentation with up‐to‐date information is the outcome of current developments in selenium research area.
In vitroeffect of nickel on bovine spermatozoa motility and annexin V‐labeled membrane changes
Authors: Lukac Norbert , Bardos Laszlo , Stawarz Robert , Roychoudhury Shubhadeep , Makarevich Alexander V. , Chrenek Peter , Danko Jan , Massanyi Peter
Published: August 2010

In this study the effect ofin vitroculture of bovine spermatozoa with nickel (NiCl2) on spermatozoa motility and membrane changes was analyzed. The spermatozoa motility significantly decreased after 120 min of culture at the concentration of 1000 μm Ni ml−1(P < 0.05) and after 240 min of culture at the concentration of 500 and 1000 μm Ni ml−1(P < 0.001) as compared with control. The progressive motility was the highest in the control group and in the groups with the lowest nickel concentrations (7.8 and 125 μm Ni ml−1). The progressive spermatozoa motility was significantly altered even after 30 min of culture in the group with the highest nickel concentration (1000 μm Ni ml−1). A significant decrease in progressive motility from the concentration of 250 μm Ni ml−1was detected after 240 min of culture. Concentrations from 125 μm Ni ml−1in various time periods of culture stimulated spermatozoa motility after 30 min (P < 0.001), but later an inhibitory effect was noted. After 240 min ofin vitrospermatozoa culture with 125 μm Ni ml−1a typical Annexin V fluorescence reaction was detected. Fluorescence was detected in mitochondrial segment of bovine spermatozoa. In spermatozoa exposed to higher nickel concentrations the Annexin V‐positive reaction was detected also on the spermatozoa head membrane. In the group with the highest concentration and the longest time of exposure (1000 μm Ni ml−1; 240 min) the apoptotic Annexin‐positive regions were detected not only in the mitochondrial part, but also in the spermatozoa head (acrosomal and postacrosomal part), showing significant alteration of spermatozoa membrane integrity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.