bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kündigungsfalle Social Media
Authors: Wildhaber Isabelle , Hänsenberger Silvio
Published: July 2020

Die verbreitete Nutzung von sozialen Netzwerken macht auch vor dem Arbeitsplatz nicht halt. Die Vermischung der privaten und der beruflichen Nutzung von Social Media bringt gewisse Risiken mit sich, welche zu einer Kündigung von Seiten des Arbeitgebers führen können. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich den arbeitsrechtlichen Problemen im Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung von Social Media durch den Arbeitnehmer und will aufzeigen, wie mit entsprechenden Fragestellungen umgegangen werden sollte, um alle Beteiligten zu sensibilisieren, aber auch bestehende Risiken zu minimieren.
Rezension: Stefan Schlegel, Der Entscheid über Migration als Verfügungsrecht
Authors: Hanke Philip
Published: July 2020

Ein Recht ist ein Gut. Und als solches hat es einen Wert bzw. einen Preis. Selbiges, so die zentrale Annahme des vorliegenden Buches, gilt auch für das Recht, über Migration zu entscheiden. Wer jedoch soll dieses Recht bekommen? Die Zielstaaten, die Herkunftsstaaten oder die Migrierenden? Was auf den ersten Blick wie eine recht unübliche Frage wirkt – sind es doch traditionell immer die Zielstaaten, die in ihrer Souveränität über die Zulassung von Migration entscheiden –, ist bei näherem Betrachten nicht so offenkundig. Ist es denn überhaupt sinnvoll, dass eben diese Zielstaaten dieses Recht quasi automatisch zugeteilt bekommen?
Gefährliche Flüchtlinge?! Wie das europäische Asylrecht mit mutmasslichen Terroristen umgeht
Authors: Egbuna-Joss Andrea
Published: July 2020

Asylsuchende und Flüchtlinge werden von westlichen Staaten vermehrt als sicherheitspolitische Bedrohung wahrgenommen. Seit den Terroranschlägen vom 11. September 2001 in den USA hat sich diese Tendenz kontinuierlich verstärkt, und die öffentliche Diskussion über die Aufnahme von Schutzsuchenden ist heute oft von der Befürchtung geprägt, dass Flüchtlinge und weitere schutzsuchende Personen durch ihre Anwesenheit im Aufnahmestaat dessen öffentliche Sicherheit und Ordnung gefährden. Angesichts der zunehmenden Anzahl terroristischer Anschläge werden nicht nur verstärkte polizeiliche Massnahmen, sondern oftmals auch eine Verschärfung der Asylgesetzgebung propagiert. Die kürzlich erschienene Dissertation der Autorin untersucht, wie die Europäische Union im Rahmen der Harmonisierung des Europäischen Asylrechts auf mutmasslich gefährlichen Asylsuchende reagiert hat, und ob die relevanten Bestimmungen mit den völkerrechtlichen Vorgaben im Einklang stehen.
Weisungen bei bedingtem Strafvollzug und deren Verhältnis zu Massnahmen
Authors: Ranzoni Luca
Published: July 2020

Strafrechtliche Weisungen im Zusammenhang mit bedingten Strafen bieten selten Anlass zur Diskussion. Sie sind seit jeher präsent, unbemerkt, fast vergessen. Dass das Weisungsinstitut von einem theoretischen Standpunkt nicht hinreichend durchdacht ist, zeigt sich an verschiedenen Stellen, nicht zuletzt in der oft unklaren Abgrenzung zu strafrechtlichen Massnahmen. Dieser Artikel soll einen Beitrag zur Klärung der Verhältnisse leisten.
Darf der Beschuldigte im Strafverfahren lügen?
Authors: Thommen Marc
Published: July 2020

Obwohl im Strafverfahren das Schweigen des Beschuldigten de facto als Zustimmung zur Anklage gedeutet wird, tut man sich nach wie vor schwer, ein Recht zur Lüge zu akzeptieren. Die Wahrheit sagen muss er nicht, lügen darf er nicht? Damit hängt der Beschuldigte merkwürdig im luftleeren Raum. Ein ausdrückliches Lügerecht besteht nicht und ein solches lässt sich auch nicht aus dem Nemo-tenetur-Grundsatz ableiten. Es ergibt sich vielmehr aus seinem Anspruch auf rechtliches Gehör und aus seiner Meinungsäusserungsfreiheit. Das Recht sich im Verfahren zu äussern ist nicht auf wahre Aussagen beschränkt. Der Beschuldigte hat somit das Recht im Strafverfahren zu lügen.
Grundsätzliche Erheblichkeit – Kritische Würdigung und mögliche Korrektive
Authors: Emch Daniel , Gottret Anna
Published: July 2020

Das Gaba-Urteil des Bundesgerichts vom 28. Juni 2016 brachte eine wesentliche Neuerung im schweizerischen Kartellrecht. Gewisse Wettbewerbsabreden gelten seither alleine aufgrund ihres Gegenstandes als erheblich und damit als unzulässig, sofern nicht ausnahmsweise eine Effizienzrechtfertigung gelingt. Eine einzelfallweise Erheblichkeitsprüfung anhand quantitativer Kriterien soll bei derartigen Wettbewerbsabreden anders als bis anhin nicht mehr durchgeführt werden. Dieser konzeptionelle Ansatz entspricht u.E. nicht dem Willen des Gesetzgebers. Mit einer Rückkehr zur alten Praxis ist jedoch nicht zu rechnen. Stattdessen ist das Augenmerk auf eine massvolle Umsetzung des neuen Konzepts und auf erforderliche Korrekturen bei der Anwendung anderer Tatbestandsmerkmale zu richten. Die Einführung einer Bagatellschwelle, eine sorgfältige Prüfung der Tatbestandsmerkmale von Art. 4 Abs. 1 KG in Anlehnung an die EU-Praxis, eine restriktive Auslegung der Vermutungstatbestände gemäss Art. 5 Abs. 3 und 4 KG sowie eine wohlwollendere Handhabung der Rechtfertigungsmöglichkeiten würden die über das Ziel hinausschiessende Schärfe des neuen Konzepts zumindest relativieren.
Understanding the logic of forensic identification decisions (without numbers)
Authors: Biedermann Alex , Vuille Joëlle
Published: July 2020

Over the past few years, a movement has been initiated among forensic science researchers and practitioners, in Switzerland and across Western criminal justice systems more generally, to shift away from categorical assertions of common source (e.g., «this crime scene mark and this control print come from the same person») towards new reporting formats that consider expert conclusions as decisions (e.g., an «identification» or «exclusion» is a decision made by the forensic examiner). As this movement gains momentum, there remains disagreement on how exactly the notion of decision ought to be understood. The call for improvement of the understanding of the logical tenets of forensic identification decisions faces the obstacle that many forensic practitioners shy away from formal and quantitative approaches (e.g., decision theory). The purpose of this contribution is to show that the logical essentials of forensic identification decisions can be captured and conveyed without going into the details of the mathematics of decision theory. We will then present and defend the view that forensic identification requires assessments and value judgments that go beyond the forensic practitioner's area of competence and that this fact requires a reassessment of the distribution of responsibilities between experts and other participants in the legal process.
Selbstregulierung und ihre Krux mit der Publikation
Authors: Gili Natassia
Published: July 2020

Werden Selbstregulierungen in das staatliche Recht einbezogen, meist durch einen Verweis, ist nicht nur die Zulässigkeit solcher Selbstregulierungen an sich fraglich. Es stellt sich auch die Frage, ob und falls ja, wie diese Selbstregulierungen zu publizieren sind. Sind sie dem vom Gesetz- bzw. Verordnungsgeber geschaffenen hoheitlichen Recht gleichgestellt, müsste sich deren Publikation nach dem Publikationsgesetz des Bundes richten. Behalten sie jedoch ihren privaten Charakter, sollte auf eine gesetzeskonforme Veröffentlichung verzichtet werden können. Problematisch ist dabei insbesondere die schwierige Einordnung einer Selbstregulierung unter das staatliche bzw. das private Recht.
Rezension: Silvio Hänsenberger, Die zivilrechtliche Haftung für autonome Drohnen unter Einbezug von Zulassungs- und Betriebsvorschriften
Authors: Bärtschi Philip
Published: July 2020

Drohnen werden in den kommenden Jahren im unteren Teil unseres Luftraums immer häufiger eine Rolle spielen. Die Entwicklung wird zweifellos in Richtung völlig autonomer Systeme gehen. Schadenersatzansprüche aufgrund von Fehlentscheidungen dieser autonomen Luftfahrzeuge sind allerdings weder mittels Verschuldenshaftung noch mit der Produkthaftung durchsetzbar. Ist unser Haftungsrecht also für die neue Ära unbemannter Luftfahrzeuge überhaupt gerüstet? Dieser Frage geht der Autor der hier besprochenen Dissertation nach und präsentiert Lösungsvorschläge, wie sich autonome Nano-, Mikro- und Kleindrohnen in das bestehende Rechtsgefüge einbinden lassen. Er deckt die noch bestehenden Lücken unseres Haftungssystems in Bezug auf den Betrieb autonomer Drohnen auf und zeigt anhand theoretischer Beispiele, welche Rechtsfragen sich inskünftig stellen werden und wie ihnen begegnet werden kann.
The Innovative Approaches to Estimating Business Models of Modern Banks
Authors: Zarutska Olena , Pavlova Tetiana , Sinyuk Аlina , Khmarskyi Valentyn , Pawliszczy Dariusz , Kesy Marcin
Published: July 2020

The analysis of business models of banks is a new approach to determining the financial condition and financial soundness of an individual bank and the entire banking system. The definition and analysis of banks' business models allow understanding better financial and economic activities, risk appetite, and management system. The National Bank of Ukraine moves to SREP based banking supervision. Such an analysis involves the verification of banks' business models for their viability and sustainability. No regulatory act provides a precise definition of these concepts. It is still no single approach to the analysis of business models among scientists and researchers. At the same time, traditional methods that focused on the analysis of the bank's capital adequacy, its liquidity, and compliance with mandatory NBU economic norms are not sufficient. The study shows that most researchers use cluster analysis methods with a variety of sets of variables, the number of cluster groups, and business models. To determine the business models of Ukrainian banks, to analyze them, and to form on this basis the risk profile of each bank, the authors proposed an innovative methodology of structural-functional groups of banks (SFGB-method). The method is based on the use of neural networks, in particular self-organizing Kohonen maps (SOM). For cluster analysis, it is suggested to use the system of financial indicators calculated by the National Bank of Ukraine in the SREP system. The cluster analysis allows identifying ten business models of Ukrainian banks. The article describes the features of each cluster and its propensity to take risks. The distribution of banks by cluster and their place on the map depends mostly on the structure of its assets, liabilities, income, and expenses, currency position, as well as other qualitative and quantitative indicators. The conducted research has confirmed that the definition of business models of banks allows forming the basis for introducing a differentiated approach to banking regulation and supervision, taking into account the essential characteristics of each bank, its risk profile, and the main distinguishing features.
Keywords:
bank business model, innovative approaches, bank risk profile, structural-functional group, bank.
Innovation Corporate Energy Management: Efficiency of Green Investment
Authors: Vanickova Radka
Published: July 2020

The main purpose of the research is to assess the corporate energy efficiency of investment subsidies with or without the possibility of drawing on subsidies or without support from the Operational Program Enterprise and Innovation. Systematization literary sources and approaches for solving the problém is processed according to the methodology of the Operational Program Enterprise and Innovation, Eco-energy program indicates the comparison with real and expected savings of energy concerning the corporate energy efficiency of investment subsidies provided to maintain the principles of EU environmental policy and rules for subsidies on a general level in the Czech Republic, complemented by graph illustration of time series of development of sales in the horizon of the years 2011-2015. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that the provision of subsidies from European climate protection funds can contribute to energy savings and air quality. Investigation of the topic within a methodical survey is processed by the research of Czech and foreign scientific literature in the paper is carried out in the following logical sequence: is the creation of a graph and tables taking into account investments and implemented measures with the evaluation of investment efficiency. Methodological tools of the research methods were the comparison was made between the Eco-energy and Potential subsidy programs. The object of research is the chosen company in the South Bohemia region in manufacturing in the Czech Republic plant with 480 employees because namely an annual turnover of CZK 520 million in 2015. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis of statistical data, documents, and databases of state and private institutions, particularly the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Ministry for Regional Development, and the Czech Invest Agency. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the net present value, which expresses the total present value of the cash flows related to the investment project, the simple and the real-time of return on investments, and the internal rate of return is significant to efficiency. The results of the research can be useful to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save electricity, and thermal energy. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that the net present value, which expresses the total present value of the cash flows related to the investment project, the simple and the real-time of return on investments, and the internal rate of return is essential for efficiency. Keywords: EU environmental policy, structural funds, operational program enterprise and innovation, corporate energy efficiency, investment subsidies, net present value.
Management of Innovations in Public Governance: Quality Management System, Management Controlling and Internal Auditing Appropriation
Authors: Baldi Nabil
Published: July 2020

The race for performance has led some public service organizations to put in place some management innovations such as the implementation of organizational control. Organizational control is a system, a set of mechanisms and tools such as Quality management system, Management controlling, Internal auditing, etc that affects all levels of the organization (strategic and operational levels), to master the decision-making processes, actions, and results. Those organizational control tools don’t bring all expected effects because they are under-used. Internal auditing is used mainly for compliance procedures, management controlling for budgeting and Quality Management, a system for the prescription of procedures which is only a small percentage of the potential functionalities of these tools used punctually or inducing inappropriate behaviors. Those behaviors deprive these organizations of a significant source of synergies and performance. Those observations led to the questions of change management, learning organization, etc that can be included in a general question of appropriation of controlling tools considering Simultaneity Dimension (Simultaneous deployment of those tools), an original dimension little studied in research on appropriation and which corresponds more to the reality of those companies. Appropriation refers to two conceptions. Appropriation as a process inducing the acquisition of knowledge or behaviors concerning an object. Appropriation as a state which implies the assessment of the gap between how an object is integrated by users and its conceptual definition. Appropriation implies consistency between an object and its use. This research is a multiple case study comparing 3 companies, which allowed the enrichment of the appropriation model proposed by De Vaujany (2006) by specifying the predictive factors affecting each of the phases of this process of appropriation of control tools (Internal Auditing, Management controlling and Quality Management System) including the impact of simultaneity in the context of public service organizations in Morocco. For managerial use, those models constitute a frame or a diagnosis methodology to assess the appropriation of organizational control tools for the stimulation of their usage and therefore improve the multidimensional performance of the public service and citizen’s satisfaction. Keywords: appropriation, simultaneity, integrated system, organizational control, public governance, public management.
Management of Innovations in Cross-Cultural Communication within an Organization
Authors: Jurasek Miroslav , Potocky Tomislav
Published: July 2020

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the discussion on the issue of cultural intelligence, bilingualism, and the relationship between language proficiency and cultural intelligence. The primary purpose of the research is to explore the relationship between bilingualism (or high language proficiency in two languages) and cultural intelligence. The systematization of literary sources and approaches for solving the problem indicates that a significant link between these constructs could be expected. The relevance of the decision of this scientific problem is that this relationship has not yet been the subject of any previous research. Investigation of the paper topic is carried out in the following logical sequence: a thorough look into a conceptual and theoretical framework of cultural intelligence, bilingualism and the link between cultural intelligence and language proficiency; in the second part of the paper two hypotheses are developed on the base of previous research, and the corresponding methodology is described. The theoretical model of the explored relationship is tested using the SmartPLS-SEM 3 program. The objects of the survey are 243 undergraduate students studying in the English study program at the University of Finance and Administration in the Czech Republic. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that there is a positive correlation between the level of foreign (non-native) language proficiency and cultural intelligence score. Language competence predicates the overall rating for CQ. The metacognitive and motivational factors of CQ play a substantial role within the framework of this relationship. On the other hand, data do not confirm a statistically significant difference between the group of bilingual and monolingual respondents. The results of the research can be useful for those who manage people across cultures and prepare students for working abroad or in international teams such as language teachers at universities. Keywords: cultural intelligence, language proficiency, bilingualism, biculturalism, cultural frame switching, PLS-SEM, intercultural effectiveness
Innovations in Human Resource Management: Impact of Social Media Use on Employees’ Performance
Authors: Alkhateeb Maan , Abdalla Rania
Published: July 2020

Social media has changed the modes of all aspects of business operations, particularly human resource management practices. Firms are increasingly using social media tools to facilitate information sharing among their employees in an attempt to improve the innovation process and firm performance. It is expected that using new information technologies such as social media will enable the firm to act proficiently on business opportunities and reconfigure human resources by utilizing networks to routinize the business's knowledge and innovation competencies. This study aims to examine how different purposes of social media use to influence employees' level of job performance directly or indirectly through job satisfaction as a mediator. Two purposes are identified: work-related purposes and personal purposes. A closed questions survey tool was used to gather the data from the employees of three leading organizations in the Tulkarm district. Two hundred eighty-two valid questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and IBM SPSS Amos 24. The findings revealed that the impact of using social media for work purposes on job performance is fully mediated by job satisfaction, while social media use for personal purposes does not influence job performance directly nor indirectly. The current study enriches the available literature by examining social media use from two perspectives: work-related and personal purposes, thus added value to the available literature, particularly in the Palestinian context. Practically, managers could benefit from the work by adopting relevant strategies to guide this use in a way that motivate the employees towards achieving the goals of the organizations. Such as offering reliable internet services which may help in encouraging the employees or even attracting the ones who are not engaged yet in social media to start using it for work purposes, as for personal purposes, specific policies can be adopted to monitor this use within controls. The article recommends organizations to utilize and direct social media use for work purposes towards achieving the goals of the organizations.
Keywords:
communication, job satisfaction, performance, personal purposes, social media.
Innovations in Human Resources Management: Instruments to Eliminate Mobbing
Authors: Vveinhardt Jolita , Sroka Wlodzimierz
Published: July 2020

Mobbing in employees’ relationships is a widely researched and analyzed problem, and the concept is still developing. The deliberations mostly concentrate on negative aspects associated with this phenomenon, e.g., deterioration of the relationships between employees, devastating consequences for victims, deterioration of the company’s performance and image. The research on what managerial solutions can help reduce or eliminate the problem is still, however, not very abundant. Also, though many studies confirm the existence of this phenomenon in different sectors of the economy, there is not so much research on mobbing in relationships between employees in the leisure sector organizations. What is equally important, the dysfunction of relationships between employees includes the factors that have a significant impact not only on the quality of communication but also on the services provided in the organizations providing services. Given this fact, this study deals with the prevalence of mobbing in relationships between employees of the leisure sector organizations, distinguishing the most frequent forms of psychological pressure, and shaping the managerial solutions to eliminate the problem. The results of the qualitative research are presented using a semi-structured interview method. The research sample comprises employees of the Lithuanian hotels. The qualitative data analysis was performed using Emic and Etic approaches. The results achieved show that the dynamics of mobbing in the leisure sector organizations can be related to the economic recession, when the number of customers has decreased, corporate earnings shrunk. It affected the staff policy of organizations; it also shows that the relationship between the employees forming within organizations is significantly exposed to external circumstances, the influence of which could be compensated by the change in personnel policy. The originality of this article is presupposed by the fact that a complex, versatile model of managerial solutions designed to eliminate the phenomenon of mobbing is presented as the main result of the studies carried out. Using the proposed model, the practitioners will be able to look at the phenomenon of mobbing from a different angle, and researchers analyzing destructive relationships between the employees will be able to develop strategies of prevention and intervention of mobbing in relationships between employees based on the model.
Keywords:
mobbing, employee relations, human resource management, managerial solutions, qualitative methods, Lithuania.
Marketing and Management in Higher Education: the Relationship between the Quality of Online Programmes and Student’s Satisfaction
Authors: Nazneen Afroze , Alsulimani Tagreed , Sharma Rohan
Published: July 2020

Presently online courses have been a big agenda in educational institutes apart from their academic hours and to engage students more in their studies apart from their involvement in academic hours. The purpose of this study is how the online program quality can be improved from both a business point of view as well as for the understanding of student's expectations from an online program irrespective of one's interest. In this study, researchers tried to analyze the relationship among various factors involved leading to student satisfaction which become the source of successful online programs. This study applied SEM on smart PLS to analyze a survey of 100 respondents and found that Online program quality Perception is the multifaceted dimension, and it also involves quality instructors who also seen as a significant construct. Based on the literature review and discussions presented the theoretical framework for online learning program course quality was developed. Findings indicate that high student satisfaction is relatively associated with the user-friendly interface, which eases the students to further continue with the course. Along with these quality instructors also contribute much to student satisfaction. Content of course, although assumed to be essential along with the online discussion on forums it was found not significant, which is a surprise and unexpected finding. Based on calculations and modeling estimates, the model is in the best fit. The results show in the form of external loadings of every construct, which is given below explains the variance of respective latent constructs. It was also found that factors are contributing to perceived online program effectiveness which are Course Content, Online Assignments, Interaction with Peers, Quality Instructors, and User Interface respectively.
Keywords:
the online program, student satisfaction, MOOCS, program effectiveness, quality instructors, higher education.
Financial Innovation Management: Loan Price in the Crowdfunding and Peer-To-Peer Lending Platforms
Authors: Keliuotytė-Staniulėnienė Greta , Kukarėnaitė Monika
Published: July 2020

As an alternative to traditional bank financing, companies (especially small and medium-sized) can opt for loans from innovative financial facilities: peer-to-peer lending and crowdfunding platforms. When using these alternative financing opportunities, it is very important to identify the main factors of the business loan interest rate and properly assess the overall cost of borrowing. This paper summarizes the scientific discussion on the issue of innovative business funding sources and one of the most important ratios referred to reasonably compare the price of financing sources and the related expenses. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to identify the internal and external factors of interest rate on business loans and determine the overall total annual rate of charge for business loans on innovative financing platforms. After the analysis of academic literature and statistical data of crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending market, the authors used the methods of correlation-regression and factor analysis to identify the factors that determine the interest rate of business loans on crowdfunding and peer-to-peer platforms; and scenario analysis to evaluate the total annual rate of charge for business loans. According to the results of correlation-regression and factor analysis, the summarized factors of business loan interest rate are economic environment, competitive environment, and results of the platform performance. External factors appeared to have a much greater impact on the interest rate for business loans in crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending platforms than internal. The assessment of the total annual rate of charge for business loans confirmed that the peer-to-peer and crowdfunding platforms offer a lower rate than traditional financing institutions, on the other hand, the total rate at the crowdfunding platforms is higher compared to peer-to-peer lending platforms, due to the higher administrative fees and interest rates. The outcomes of this research expanded the scope of research on the sector of financial innovation. The research revealed the peculiarities of crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending, the factors that affect a loan interest rate, and the real price that business owners have to pay for borrowed funds. Obtained results could be relevant to both lending platforms and businesses seeking to identify and compare the real cost of traditional and alternative financing. Keywords: financial innovation, alternative financing, financial technologies, factors of interest rate, price of borrowing, the total annual rate of charge for business loans.
STUDY OF THE Ni(OH)2 ELECTROCHROMIC PROPERTIES OF FILMS DEPOSITED ON FTO GLASS WITH AN ADDITIONAL CONDUCTING LAYER
Authors: Kotok Valerii , Kovalenko Vadym , Kirillova Evgeniia , Efimov Alexey , Sykchin Alekseii , Kamalov Konstantin , Darovskih Larisa , Anataichuk Inna , Verbitskiy Volodymyr
Published: July 2020

This work attempts to evaluate the influence of substrate conductivity on electrochromic and electrochemical properties of Ni(OH)2/PVA composite films, including coloration and bleaching rate. The conductivity of FTO glass was improved by depositing a silver gird with differing line densities. For deposition of the silver lines, aerosol jet printing method was used. As a result, few electrochromic films were deposited onto bare FTO glass and FTO glass with silver grid deposited onto it. In order to investigate deposited electrochromic films, the cyclic voltammetry with simultaneous recording of the optical characteristics is used. The optical characteristics of films were rather close to each other. At the same time, their electrochemical properties are different. It is found that the additional peaks observed is that of silver, which is electrochemically active in used potential window. In addition it was observed that during electrochemical cycling of Ni(OH)2/PVA deposited on substrates with silver grid, the last changed color from shiny metallic to black color. It is proposed that color changes of silver grid caused by silver transforming to Ag2O or AgO and back to metallic silver. It is found, that for small areas of electrochromic platings, substrate resistivity has a negligible effect on coloration and bleaching rates. The coloration and bleaching rates for Ni(OH)2/PVA films deposited onto the bare substrate, the substrate with a silver grid (1 cm cell size) and the substrate with a silver grid (0.5 cm cell size) were: –1.45, –1.71, –1.40 and 1.1, 0.75, 0.84 %∙s-1. It is suggested that the effect of substrate conductivity will clearly be seen when the physical sizes of substrate increase. Also it was underlined that for further experiments for effect definition of substrate resistivity on electrochromic properties inherit conductive materials should be used
COVID-19 Pandemic: The Origin, Transmission, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Application
Authors: Lou Diana Moria Martin , Mayaka Joseph Badys
Published: July 2020

An outbreak of atypical pneumonia reported in late December 2019, which subsequently progressed to global health crises of significant magnitude within the first three months after its appearance and the etiology was traced to a seafood wholesale market in the city of Wuhan, China. Where a large number of infected patients are presumed to have been exposed to the wet animal market and this was the first confirmed incident recorded. The genome sequence of this unknown pathogen was obtained and then through carefully genome sequence comparison with the already previously characterized corona viruses; SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, it was found that a betacoronavirus belonging to subfamily orthocoronavirinie is responsible for the pneumonia cases. This suggested that Wuhan was the site where COVID-19 first started and the disease is zoonotic in origin. COVID-19 pandemic has presented considerable challenges to public health care systems at global scale and dictates almost every aspect of medical practice and policies across the world. Apparently, an effective treatment therapy against COVID-19 is the most urgently needed to curb the rapidly increasing incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Unfortunately up to this moment there is no approved drug for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, although many reports are suggesting the drugs which were previously used against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV such as remdesviri, lopinavir, ritonavir, interferon beta-1b, and ribavirin but these are being tested in randomized trials and again mostly showing less clinical benefits. Use of a triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir and ribavirin drugs were reported to be effective than when each drug is used separately, however, collaborative investigations are needed to ascertain the fidelity of these drugs. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress of the origin, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics of COVID-19, and discussed the current treatment regimens for combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Influence mechanism of climate change over crop growth and water demands for wheat-rice system of Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Mirza Junaid , Cho Gun-Ho , Kim Sang-Hyun , Lee Seulgi , Adelodun Bashir , Choi Kyung-Sook
Published: July 2020

Conceptualizing the climate change perspective of crop growth and evapotranspiration (ETc) rates and subsequent irrigation water requirements (IWR) is necessary for sustaining the agriculture sector and tackling food security issues in Pakistan. This article projects the future growth periods and water demands for the wheat-rice system of Punjab. Intense and hotter transitions in the future thermal regimes and erratic monsoon rainfall increments were envisaged. The crop growth rates were accelerated by the probable temperature rise resulting in shortened growth periods. The temperature rise increased the reference evapotranspiration rates; however, the future ETc declined due to reduced growth period and net radiation. Highly unpredictable, but mostly increasing, cumulative seasonal and annual rainfalls were indicative of more effective rainfalls during the future crop seasons. Reduced ETc and increments in seasonal effective rainfalls gave rise to the declining IWR for both crops. The study findings seemingly undermined the harmful climate change influences on the water requirements of the wheat-rice system of Punjab but alarmingly shortening of growth periods indicates a higher crop failure tendency under the projected future thermal regime.
Assessing the contribution of biofilm to bacterial growth during stagnation in shower hoses
Authors: Peng Hongxi , Zhang Ya , Wang Ruowei , Liu Jingqing , Liu Wen-Tso
Published: July 2020

Stagnation occurs in building water supplies when there is little or no water usage. As a result, the number of bacteria increase, and this often leads to the deterioration of water quality. Still, the role of biofilm in stagnation remains unclear. This study used shower hoses as the model system and investigated the contribution of biofilm and microbes in fresh water to the bacterial growth in water under different stagnation times from 6 to 24 h. Bacterial counts in water were observed to increase significantly after 12 h stagnation but longer stagnation did not lead to further increase, indicating different mechanisms contributing to bacterial growth during stagnation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Sourcetracker2 further confirmed that the contribution of fresh water to the microbial core community did not increase significantly with stagnation time, whereas the contribution of biofilm increased significantly after 24 h stagnation (53.5%) compared with 6 h stagnation (11.2%) (p < 0.05). The present results differentiated the contribution between planktonic and biofilm phase to the bacterial growth during stagnation, and provided insights into its mechanism. These findings serve as a framework for future development of strategies to manage biological water quality at the distal end of the building water supplies.
Instruments of Cognizing the Social and Economic Field of Society: Objectives, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Tishkina N. P. , Rybina G. A.
Published: July 2020

Today’s concepts, theories and methodology of classical political economy, economics in general, state and economic governance clearly demonstrate their unsoundness in resolving issues of rational organization of public reproduction by levels of economic management. They are characterized by the subjective-contract and dogmatic tool and the relevant theory of cognition, which are aimed at retaining the discriminative-degrading, religiouspolitical initial model of man and society vital functions in nature, i. e. ‘Tyrant – Victim’. Their alternative is the system-integrated inter-disciplinary methodology providing the development of scientific, objective economic theory, rational practice of state and economic governance of public production, which excludes political mongering, subjectivism and voluntarism. The current internal and external situation in Russia shows that neither traditional public sciences and their leading academics, nor state bodies and their advisers-scientists, nor politicians can produce a variant of further positive development of society and production for the near future. An additional set of notions, categories and tools of cognition supplementary to the traditional one was designed on the basis of approaches put forward by supporters of classical political-economic, biosphere, noosphere and fundamental sciences. It does not reject the accumulated experience, which can be adapted, concretize and correct to improve the quality of research in accordance with the extended totality of objective general, social and economic laws of man and society development in nature.
Distance Interaction in Corporate Management
Authors: Zakharova T. I.
Published: July 2020

The article studies innovation methods of distance interaction in the system of international corporate management. The necessity to initiate distance communications is stipulated not only by the need to extend business territory, to open regional branches, to attract employees from different countries and cities but also by the current situation with the global pandemia. On 11 March 2020 the WHO called the outbreak of the new type of corona-virus COVID-19 a pandemia, which changed drastically traditional way of life, business, education all over the world. For millions of people distance communications became the only tie with the world. The need in remote work affected the current trends in the field of corporate management, in particular the system of HR management in organizations. As a result of the research the author formulated a number of recommendations aimed at optimization of interaction at all levels of management, as passing-over to the distance format requires the availability of effective tools for automation of HR service functions (employment and selection of personnel, its appraisal and training) and efficient and rational planning, business communications, distribution of functions and tasks by using information technologies.
Application of German State Policy Practice Towards Carsharing in Russia
Authors: Mashinskiy V. V.
Published: July 2020

Carsharing is one of the major recent trends in urban mobility in many countries of Asia, Europe and North America. Russia is one of the leading countries in the industry in terms of growth rates and fleet volume in certain market segments. The purpose of this study is to analyze the key features of German carsharing market and policies regarding carsharing and highlight the possibilities of their application in Russia. As a result of the study a number of recommendations for carsharing development in Russia were outlined. According to several studies, stationbased schemes seem to be environmentally more beneficial compared to free-float carsharing. Station-based carsharing stimulation should be considered as a means to facilitate the development of the industry. A new metamobility policy is required, which implies carsharing, public transport, micromobility and private cars all become part of a single multimodal transport system. A transparent regulatory framework is required. New billing and payment methods, combined tariffs and a single mobile application for all means of public transport and carsharing should be considered as viable measures to stimulate the development of carsharing industry and transport system in general. Parking fees for carsharing should be reduced or waived. Leasing subsidies and preferential business conditions should be introduced to support carsharing operators. Additional taxes for personal vehicles as well as fees for parking and entering the city center using private transport should also stimulate carsharing development.
The Structure of Russian Large Business Demand for Innovation in the Contex of Corporate Accelerators
Authors: Popov A. N.
Published: July 2020

The article studies the dynamics of the corporate accelerator model development in Russia from 2013 to 2020, the existing model of corporate acceleration and subsequent introduction of the start-up product in the corporation, as well as the structure of Russian corporations’ demand for innovation solutions of start-ups. The low level of Russian business digitalization in comparison with EU countries, dropping dynamics since 2013 of the specific weigh of innovation products and services in the total volume of sold products and services and the growing activity of corporations in the field of innovation in 2016–2019 stipulate a high potential of corporate innovation development in Russia. By studying 54 programs of corporate acceleration the author identified the key models of corporate accelerators’ organization in Russia and showed the growing dynamics of their development since 2018. For deeper investigation of the mechanism of start-ups and corporations interaction in the context of corporate accelerator through system analysis the article provides the model of organizing corporate accelerator and pilot launch of joint work of start-up and corporation on the basis of reports by spokesmen of Russian corporations at conferences and webinars. Based on open information about 72 innovation projects and experience of interaction of Russian corporations from telecommunications and finance fields the structure of corporations’ demand for highlytechnological solutions of start-ups was identified. Through classification methods the author described the demand in view of methods of technology introduction, the sphere of using technology in the corporation and key technologies applied in innovation solution of start-ups.
Proteomic analysis of a hom-disrupted, cephamycin C overproducing Streptomyces clavuligerus
Authors: Ünsaldı Eser , Kurt-Kızıldoğan Aslıhan , Özcan Servet , Becher Dörte , Voigt Birgit , Aktaş Caner , Özcengiz Gülay
Published: July 2020

Background:

Streptomyces clavuligerus is prolific producer of cephamycin C, a medically
important antibiotic. In our former study, cephamycin C titer was 2-fold improved by disrupting
homoserine dehydrogenase (hom) gene of aspartate pahway in Streptomyces clavuligerus NRRL
3585.

Objective:

In this article, we aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding at the proteome level
on potential complex metabolic changes as a consequence of hom disruption in Streptomyces
clavuligerus AK39.

Methods:

A comparative proteomics study was carried out between the wild type and its hom disrupted
AK39 strain by 2 Dimensional Electrophoresis-Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption and Ionization
Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2DE MALDI-TOF/MS) and Nanoscale Liquid Chromatography-
Tandem Mass Spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) analyses. Clusters of Orthologous
Groups (COG) database was used to determine the functional categories of the proteins. The theoretical
pI and Mw values of the proteins were calculated using Expasy pI/Mw tool.

Results:

“Hypothetical/Unknown” and “Secondary Metabolism” were the most prominent categories
of the differentially expressed proteins. Upto 8.7-fold increased level of the positive regulator
CcaR was a key finding since CcaR was shown to bind to cefF promoter thereby direcly controlling
its expression. Consistently, CeaS2, the first enzyme of CA biosynthetic pathway, was 3.3-
fold elevated. There were also many underrepresented proteins associated with the biosynthesis of
several Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthases (NRPSs), clavams, hybrid NRPS/Polyketide synthases
(PKSs) and tunicamycin. The most conspicuously underrepresented protein of amino acid
metabolism was 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HppD) acting in tyrosine catabolism. The
levels of a Two Component System (TCS) response regulator containing a CheY-like receiver domain
and an HTH DNA-binding domain as well as DNA-binding protein HU were elevated while
a TetR-family transcriptional regulator was underexpressed.

Conclusion:

The results obtained herein will aid in finding out new targets for further improvement
of cephamycin C production in Streptomyces clavuligerus.
New Devices for Endoscopic Treatments in Gastroenterology: A Narrative Review
Authors: Furnari Manuele , Telese Andrea , Hann Alexander , Lisotti Andrea , Boškoski Ivo , Eusebi Leonardo Henry
Published: July 2020

Endoscopy is in a period of continuous innovations in terms of image quality, endoscopes, post-processing
software and lastly, application of Artificial Intelligence. Therapeutic boundaries have expanded, widening the grey
zone between endoscopy and surgery, and increasing endoscopic approaches in clinical scenarios where, until a few
years ago, surgery was the only option.
New scopes and accessories have made it easier to access critical areas such as the biliary tree and the small bowel
intestine. In the field of hepato-pancreato-biliary endoscopy (HPB), it is now possible to directly access the biliary
ducts or cystic lesions though dedicated stents and scopes, rather than having to rely only on fluoroscopy and ultrasound,
increasing the diagnostic and therapeutic options by applying a three-dimensional approach. This narrative
review will give an overview of some of the most relevant emerging fields in luminal and HPB endoscopy, highlighting
advantages and main limitations of the techniques, and providing considerations for future development.
Advances in Research on the Preparation and Biological Activity of Maslinic Acid
Authors: Deng Jianqiang , Wang Huiyun , Mu Xiaodong , He Xiuting , Zhao Fenglan , Meng Qingguo
Published: July 2020

:

Maslinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene acid, is mainly isolated from olives. Maslinic acid
and its derivatives exhibit a broad range of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer,
anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activities. In this minireview,
the progress of research on maslinic acid with regard to its bioactivities, extraction, semisynthetic
preparation and patents is reported. The relationships between the structure and the activity
of maslinic acid and its derivatives are also discussed.