bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating Semiconductor Value through Advanced Package Technology
Authors: Huemoeller Ron
Published: November 2016

Over the past few years, there has been a significant shift from PCs and notebooks to smartphones and tablets as drivers of advanced packaging innovation. In fact, the overall packaging industry is doing quite well today as a result, with solid growth expected to create a market value in excess of $30B USD by 2020. This is largely due to the technology innovation in the semiconductor industry continuing to march forward at an incredible pace, with silicon advancements in new node technologies continuing on one end of the spectrum and innovative packaging solutions coming forward on the other in a complementary fashion. The pace of innovation has quickened as has the investments required to bring such technologies to production. At the packaging level, the investments required to support the advancements in silicon miniaturization and heterogeneous integration have now reached well beyond $500M USD per year. Why has the investment to support technology innovation in the packaging community grown so much? One needs to look no further than the complexity of the most advanced package technologies being used today and coming into production over the next year. Advanced packaging technologies have increased in complexity over the years, transitioning from single to multi-die packaging, enabled by 3-dimensional integration, system-in-package (SiP), wafer-level packaging (WLP), 2.5D/3D technologies and creative approached to embedding die. These new innovative packaging technologies enable more functionality and offer higher levels of integration within the same package footprint, or even more so, in an intensely reduced footprint. In an industry segment that has grown accustomed to a multitude of package options, technology consolidation seems evident, producing “The Big Five” advanced packaging platforms. These include low-cost flip chip, wafer-level chip-scale package (WLCSP), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), laminate-based advanced system-in-package (SiP) and wafer-based advanced SiP designs. This presentation will address ‘The Big Five’ packaging platforms and how they are adding value to the Semiconductor Industry.
On the Way from Fan-out Wafer to Fan-out Panel Level Packaging
Authors: Becker Karl-Friedrich , Braun Tanja , Raatz S. , Minkus M. , Bader V. , Bauer J. , Aschenbrenner R. , Kahle R. , Georgi L. , Voges S. , Wöhrmann M. , Lang K.-D.
Published: November 2016

Fan-out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP) is one of the latest packaging trends in microelectronics. The technology has a high potential in significant package miniaturization concerning package volume but also in thickness. Main advantages of FOWLP are the substrate-less package, lower thermal resistance, higher performance due to shorter interconnects together with direct IC connection by thin film metallization instead of wire bonds or flip chip bumps and lower parasitic effects. Especially the inductance of the FOWLP is much lower compared to FC-BGA packages. In addition the redistribution layer can also provide embedded passives (R, L, C) as well as antenna structures using a multi-layer structure. It can be used for multi-chip packages for System in Package (SiP) and heterogeneous integration. Manufacturing is currently done on wafer level up to 12″/300 mm and 330 mm respectively. For higher productivity and therewith lower costs larger form factors are forecasted for the near future. Instead of following the wafer level approach to 450 mm, panel level packaging will be the next big step. Sizes for the panel could range up to 18″×24″ or even larger influenced by different technologies coming from e.g. printed circuit board, solar or LCD manufacturing. However, an easy upscaling of technology when moving from wafer to panel level is not possible. Materials, equipment and processes have to be further developed or at least adapted. An overview of state of technology for panel level packaging will be presented and discussed in detailed.
Delayed mesh erosion after rectopexy: A rare surprise diagnosis
Authors: Jha Ashish Kumar , Kumar Uday , Kumar Sanjay , Kumar Amarendra , Mandal Manish , Kumar Keshav
Published: November 2016

Mesh rectopexy is a frequently performed surgery for the treatment of rectal prolapse. Mesh rectopexy may be complicated by mesh infection, mesh erosion/migration into bowel wall, and extrusion of mesh. Erosion of the mesh into the rectum is very rare. Delayed erosion of mesh into rectosigmoid can present after many years of mesh rectopexy and poses diagnostic dilemma. We report a case of delayed mesh erosion into the rectum diagnosed during sigmoidoscopy.
The Shifted Classical Circulant and Skew Circulant Splitting Iterative Methods for Toeplitz Matrices
Authors: Liu Zhongyun , Qin Xiaorong , Wu Nianci , Zhang Yulin
Published: November 2016

It is known that every Toeplitz matrix T enjoys a circulant and skew circulant splitting (denoted CSCS) i.e., T = C−S with C a circulantmatrix and S a skew circulantmatrix. Based on the variant of such a splitting (also referred to as CSCS), we first develop classical CSCS iterative methods and then introduce shifted CSCS iterative methods for solving hermitian positive deûnite Toeplitz systems in this paper. The convergence of each method is analyzed. Numerical experiments show that the classical CSCS iterative methods work slightly better than the Gauss–Seidel (GS) iterative methods if the CSCS is convergent, and that there is always a constant α such that the shifted CSCS iteration converges much faster than the Gauss–Seidel iteration, no matter whether the CSCS itself is convergent or not.
Alteration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry and
their related enzymes as affected by increased soil coarseness
Authors: Wang Ruzhen , Lü Linyou , Creamer Courtney A. , Liu Heyong , Feng Xue , Yu Guoqing , Han Xingguo , Jiang Yong
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Soil coarseness decreases ecosystem productivity, ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks, and soil nutrient contents in sandy grasslands. To gain insight into changes in soil carbon and nitrogen pools, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in response to soil coarseness, a field experiment of sand addition was conducted to coarsen soil with different intensities: 0 % sand addition, 10 %, 30 %, 50 %, and 70 %. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased with the intensification of soil coarseness across three depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–40 cm) by up to 43.9 % and 53.7 %, respectively. At 0–10 cm, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) declined with soil coarseness by up to 44.1 % and 51.9 %, respectively, while microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) increased by as much as 73.9 %. Soil coarseness significantly decreased the activities of β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphomonoesterase by 20.2 %–57.5 %, 24.5 %–53.0 %, and 22.2 %–88.7 %, respectively. Soil coarseness enhanced microbial C and N limitation relative to P, indicated by the ratios of β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase to acid phosphomonoesterase (and MBC:MBP and MBN:MBP ratios). As compared to laboratory measurement, values of soil parameters from theoretical sand dilution was significantly lower for soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, available phosphorus, MBC, MBN, and MBP. Phosphorus immobilization in microbial biomass might aggravate plant P limitation in nutrient-poor grassland ecosystems as affected by soil coarseness. We conclude that microbial C:N:P and enzyme activities might be good indicators for nutrient limitation of microorganisms and plants.
The use of regression for assessing a seasonal forecast model experiment
Authors: Benestad Rasmus E. , Senan Retish , Orsolini Yvan
Published: November 2016

Abstract. We show how factorial regression can be used to analyse numerical model experiments, testing the effect of different model settings. We analysed results from a coupled atmosphere–ocean model to explore how the different choices in the experimental set-up influence the seasonal predictions. These choices included a representation of the sea ice and the height of top of the atmosphere, and the results suggested that the simulated monthly mean air temperatures poleward of the mid-latitudes were highly sensitivity to the specification of the top of the atmosphere, interpreted as the presence or absence of a stratosphere. The seasonal forecasts for the mid-latitudes to high latitudes were also sensitive to whether the model set-up included a dynamic or non-dynamic sea-ice representation, although this effect was somewhat less important than the role of the stratosphere. The air temperature in the tropics was insensitive to these choices.
Cooperatives’ proactive social responsibility in crisis time: how to behave?
Authors: Aragón Amonarriz Cristina , Iturrioz Landart Cristina , Narvaiza Cantin Lorea
Published: November 2016

La Responsabilidad social proactiva (RSP) juega un papel relevante en la construcción de la ventaja competitiva y en el éxito organizativo de las cooperativas, organizaciones basadas en principios cooperativos. El desarrollo de la RSP es especialmente complicado en los períodos de recesión. Este artículo examina cómo impactan las crisis económicas en las cooperativas a distintos niveles y pretende identificar cómo la RSP puede recuperarse. Para ahondar en el comportamiento organizativo, se ha empleado el enfoque de estudio de caso aplicado a tres cooperativas industriales situadas en el País Vasco (España).El artículo identifica tres fuentes de barreras de la RSP en el contexto de las cooperativas y propone dos condiciones para el desarrollo de la RSP. La originalidad del artículo radica en que amplía la investigación en la responsabilidad de las cooperativas durante los períodos de crisis, examina la “caja negra” de las cooperativas para detectar problemas que dañan su RSP y propone las palancas de RSP de las cooperativas, palancas que pueden ser trasladadas a otros contextos organizativos.
Eliciting the Financial Challenges Facing Emerging Contractors in Developing Countries Using the Critical Incident Technique: A Case of South African Construction Industry
Authors: George Hove
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this paper was to determine the financial critical incidents that are encountered by emerging contractors in the construction industry in Gauteng, South Africa. The methodology of assessment was based on critical incident technique, a qualitative method which has been considered reliable in tourism and hospitality studies. An interview guide which was evaluated in terms of reliability and validity was used to collect critical incidents from the respondents. Based on the interviews conducted, the respondents highlighted twenty eight financial critical incidents perceived to have an impact or impacts on Emerging Contractors’ performance. The incidents identified were the inability of Emerging Contractors to properly manage cash flow, poor budgetary planning and cash flow, poor financial decision making and lack of collateral. In order to improve Emerging Contractors’ performance, executives are required to plan construction projects in order to guide their execution and control. The limitation of the study was that the perceptions drawn were extracted from 12 respondents who represented emerging contractors in Gauteng Province. Therefore, the results of the study cannot be generalised to the entire South Africa construction industry, however they can be used as part of the solution towards Emerging Contractors’ performance.
Penile metastasis from primary transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder sparing the urethra
Authors: Oake Justin D. , Drover Douglas N.
Published: November 2016

Metastatic involvement of the penis is relatively infrequent. Metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is extremely rare. We report a case of bladder TCC with metastases to the penis that spares the urethra — a finding that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously reported. Of the documented mechanisms of metastatic transmission to the penis, we suspect the cause was retrograde lymphatic spread. In our case, a 59-year-old male presented to our clinic initially with phimosis and later developed gross hematuria. Subsequent cystoscopy noted the appearance of tumour extending into the prostate, as well as the appearance of extensive TCC throughout the bladder. Following transurethral resection of prostate and bladder tissue, which demonstrated high-grade urothelial carcinoma, the patient underwent a radical cystoprostatectomy. A year later, he developed worsening gross hematuria and we noted the appearance of primary penile squamous cell malignancy. He then underwent a partial penectomy. The histopathology evaluation result from the partial penectomy revealed infiltration of TCC in the glans penis, as well as invasion into the corpus spongiosum, with sparing of the urethra.
Role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in prediction of Gleason score upgrading and disease upstaging in low-risk prostate cancer patients eligible for active surveillance
Authors: Gokce Mehmet Ilker , Tangal Semih , Hamidi Nurullah , Suer Evren , Ibis Muhammed Arif , Beduk Yasar
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Active surveillance (AS) is an option for management of low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). However, grade and stage progression is an important consideration. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a useful marker of cancer-related inflammation. In this study, we aimed to identify the roles of neutrophil count (NC), lymphocyte count (LC), and NLR to predict Gleason score (GS) upgrading, disease upstaging, and biochemical recurrence rates (BCR) in low-risk PCa patients.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated data of 210 low-risk PCa patients eligible for AS, but who underwent radical prostatectomy. The roles of NC, LC, and NLR on the GS upgrading, disease upstaging, and BCR rates were investigated. Univariate and multivariate models were used to determine the effect of these parameters. Results: There were 104 and 106 patients in the NLR <2.5 and NLR ≥2.5 groups, respectively. GS upgrading in the NLR ≥2.5 group was more common than in the NLR<2.5 group (p=0.04). The NLR ≥2.5 group had significantly higher GS (8‒10; p=0.03). With regard to NLR, the groups were found to have similar rates of disease upstaging (9/104 in NLR <2.5 vs. 16/106 in NLR ≥2.5; p=0.200). BCR rates were also significantly different between groups (p=0.033). NC an LC were not found to be associated with GS upgrading, disease upstaging, or BCR.Conclusions: NLR is a predictor of GS upgrading and BCR, but not disease upstaging in patients with low-risk PCa. Furthermore, higher NLR was found to be associated with higher GS PCa. NLR is a cost-effective and easily accessible tool that can be used in the decision-making process for treatment of low-risk PCa cases.
A sequential comparison of postoperative voiding function between two different transobturator sling procedures
Authors: Choi Don Kyoung , Jung Ha Bum , Lee Young Goo , Kim Ki Kyung , Cho Sung Tae
Published: November 2016

Introduction: We evaluated sequential postoperative voiding function of two types of sling procedures (Monarc® and ALIGN®) in patients with stress urinary incontinence.Methods: Ninety-one women diagnosed with urodynamic stress incontinence were randomly assigned to the study. All enrolled patients underwent Monarc or ALIGN procedure. They were postoperatively evaluated at one day, one week, one month, three months, 12 months, and 24 months. The voiding function was evaluated with uroflowmetry and post-void residual urine. Patients were asked if voiding had changed after surgery and had to complete the incontinence quality of life scale (I-QoL) questionnaire at 12 months.Results: The Monarc (n=47) and ALIGN (n=44) groups had similar demographic characteristics. The maximal flow rate (Qmax) was significantly decreased on the first day after surgery and gradually increased during the following weeks. Comparing the two groups at one week, the ALIGN group had a significantly decreased Qmax than the Monarc group (17.6 ± 5.2 vs. 20.7 ± 5.0; p=0.004). However, at one, three, 12, and 24 months, there were no significant differences between the two groups.Conclusions: This study demonstrated that an absorbable tensioning suture in the Monarc mesh could increase Qmax compared to ALIGN at one week after surgery. An absorbable tensioning suture may reduce the risk of an early postoperative voiding dysfunction compared to other meshes that do not have this.
A clinical perspective on electronically collecting patient-reported outcomes at the point-of-care for overactive bladder
Authors: Desantis Darren , Baverstock Richard J. , Civitarese Andrea , Crump R. Trafford , Carlson Kevin V.
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Collecting patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can inform the treatment and management of overactive bladder (OAB). However, collecting these data at the point-of-care can be timeconsuming and have a negative impact on a clinic’s workflow. The purpose of this study was to pilot a digital system for collecting PROs at the point-of-care and qualitatively assess clinicians’ perspectives in terms of the system’s impact on the delivery of care for OAB.Methods: Patients visiting a urology clinic for OAB completed several PRO instruments using a tablet while awaiting assessment. Clinicians reviewed their responses using a digital dashboard during clinical encounters. Qualitative interviews were conducted with the clinicians, to assess the collection system’s impact in terms of: 1) logistics, 2) workflow; 3) patient communication; 4) influence on clinical decisions; 5) user experiences; and 6) the care model.Results: Six interviews were conducted and thematic saturation was met, with several themes emerging. All participants were generally positive regarding the use of the digital collecting system. Participants felt that the dashboard improved workflow and enhanced communication with patients, but it was not thought to be any more influential on clinical decision-making than conventional collection methods. Several aspects of the digital PRO collection system were identified as needing improvement.Conclusions: The digital PRO collection system used at the pointof- care had a positive impact on the delivery of care for OAB. The results from this study could provide insight to other urologists who are interested in collecting PROs in their clinic.
Perceptions of Turkish EFL Students on Online Language Learning Platforms and Blended Language Learning
Authors: Istifci Ilknur
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of EFL students studying English at the School of Foreign Languages, Anadolu University (AUSFL) on blended language learning and online learning platforms. The participants of the study consisted of 167 students whose English language proficiency level was B2 according to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). A questionnaire adapted from Owston, York and Murtha (2013) was used in the study.After application of the questionnaire, ten randomly selected students were interviewed about their perceptions of blended learning. Applying statistical and content analysis of the interviews provided a deeper understanding of students’ perceptions. Statistical analysis showed that students liked the idea of blended learning in terms of course format and attendance. Analysis of the interviews in terms of content revealed that students liked the flexibility of online learning, but preferred face-to-face communication with a teacher and classmates. In terms of their ideas about the online platforms of course books, their ideas varied. The students were mostly positive about using online language learning platforms. Even though the aim of the study was to get the perceptions of students, interviews were carried out with 5 teachers about students’ mid-term and final exam scores to get an idea if engaging in blended learning helped them learn better. Based on the results, certain implications were drawn from the study in order to organize future teaching at the AUSFL and implement a teaching environment utilizing blended language learning.
Stumbling Blocks in Empirical Legal Research: Case Study Research
Authors: Webley Lisa
Published: November 2016

Stumbling Blocks in Empirical Legal Research: Case Study Research

This article examines the main assumptions and theoretical underpinnings of case study method in legal studies. It considers the importance of research design, including the crucial roles of the academic literature review, the research question and the use of rival theories to develop hypotheses and the practice of identifying the observable implications of those hypotheses. It considers the selection of data sources and modes of analysis to allow for valid analytical inferences to be drawn in respect of them. In doing so it considers, in brief, the importance of case study selection and variations such as single or multi case approaches. Finally it provides thoughts about the strengths and weaknesses associated with undertaking socio-legal and comparative legal research via a case study method, addressing frequent stumbling blocks encountered by legal researchers, as well as ways to militate them. It is written with those new to the method in mind.
Saberes DAvó: Uma Abordagem para o Ensino de Programação no Ensino Médio
Authors: Silva Laíza , Carvalho Darlinton
Published: November 2016

Em busca por inovação no ensino de programação introdutória para jovens, propomos uma nova abordagem agregando um caráter mais emocional ao técnico, a qual chamamos de Saberes D'Avó. Nesta abordagem, integra-se um caráter lúdico de modo a utilizar e produzir aplicativos computacionais como ferramentas de estudo. Neste sentido, propomos um minicurso onde alunos são colocados em contato com avós a fim de discutir sobre saberes regionais e, por meio de um treinamento, criam aplicativos do tipo jogo de pergunta e resposta (quiz) para serem utilizados por crianças. Neste artigo apresenta-se a abordagem proposta e um consolidado sobre um estudo de caso realizado.
Contributos do Processo de Metareciclagem de Máquinas Caça-Níqueis para Contextos Sócio Educacionais
Authors: Santos Cristina Paludo , Roque Alexandre dos Santos , Schievelbein Guilherme , Brum Tiago , Zuse Vinicius
Published: November 2016

Este artigo apresenta um relato de experiência do reaproveitamento de máquinas caça-níqueis em prol da Educação. As ações desenvolvidas envolveram a execução das etapas provenientes do processo de metareciclagem com vistas ao reuso de componentes e estilização de novos artefatos e o desenvolvimento de aplicações computacionais que contemplam conteúdos pedagógicos. Estudos de casos foram realizados em escolas com vistas a avaliar os reflexos representados pela instalação e utilização das tecnologias modificadas. Dentre os resultados obtidos destaca-se a disseminação da cultura do reuso de lixo tecnológico estimulando atitudes sustentáveis, proliferando e multiplicando os recursos e aplicações delas decorrentes.
Lite Maker: Um Fab Lab móvel para aplicação de atividades mão na massa com estudantes do ensino básico
Authors: Santana André M. , Raabe André , Santana Luís , Vieira Marli Vick , Ramos Gustavo , Santos Aldo A. dos
Published: November 2016

O artigo relata a experiência de atividades mãos na massa makers - desenvolvidas com 16 (dezesseis) estudantes da Escola Básica Yolanda Laurindo Ardigó da cidade de Itajaí. Para aplicação desta atividade foi construído uma espécie de Fab Lab sobre rodas, chamado de Lite Maker. Nesta pesquisa os estudantes foram estimulados a criar diversos produtos diferentes, com base nos conceitos aprendidos durante sua vivência na escola e com o que aprenderam nas novas estações ofertadas pelo Lite Maker. As atividades aconteceram em três dias diferentes, no primeiro dia os estudantes aprenderam sobre cada uma das ferramentas existentes no Lite Maker, no segundo dia organizaram-se em equipes e iniciaram seus projetos pessoais. No último dia finalizaram seus projetos e apresentaram para toda turma. Os resultados indicam que atividades makers são validas, pois estimulam a criatividade, a inventividade, a colaboração, o compartilhamento de ideias e de informações que tornam os participantes protagonistas no desenvolvimento do seu próprio conhecimento, não privilegiando nenhum gênero, diferença de contexto social e interesse em especifico.
Pensamento Computacional no Ensino Fundamental: Relato de Atividade de Introdução a Algoritmos
Authors: Pinho Gustavo , Weisshahn Yuri , Cavalheiro Simone , Reiser Renata , Piana Clause , Foss Luciana , Aguiar Marilton , Bois Andre Du
Published: November 2016

Este artigo descreve os principais resultados da proposta e aplicação de uma atividade que introduz os conceitos básicos de algoritmos, com o uso de jogos de tabuleiros, para alunos do quinto ano de escolas públicas. Considerando a metodologia denominada Pensamento Computacional para qualificar tal nível da escola primária, habilidades específicas de Ciência da Computação são exploradas e aplicadas de forma lúdica, sem o uso do computador. As atividades didáticas propostas visam aumentar o interesse dos estudantes ao lidar com conceitos como algoritmos e procedimentos, incluindo também abstração de dados e problemas de decomposição.
Dinâmicas com App Inventor no Apoio ao Aprendizado e no Ensino de Programação
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana P. , Manso Marina A. , Borges Marcos A. F.
Published: November 2016

O App Inventor é um aplicativo gratuito para a criação de outros aplicativos (apps) para dispositivos Android. A ferramenta App inventor não possui uma linguagem de programação específica, utilizando-se de blocos de instruções que podem ser encaixados de forma lógica para o desenvolvimento da aplicação. Este trabalho discute formas de incentivar o uso do App Inventor como ferramenta de ensino de programação e apoio ao aprendizado escolar, avaliando-o em vários aspectos. É proposto um método para utilizar a ferramenta e introduzir os alunos aos primeiros passos da programação. Os resultados deste projeto são as dinâmicas e a avaliação das vantagens potenciais e dos benefícios que essas dinâmicas podem trazer ao aprendizado dos alunos.
Experiência no Uso de Ferramentas Online Gamificadas na Introdução à Programação de Computadores
Authors: Izeki Claudia Akemi , Nagai Walter Aoiama , Dias Rodrigo Moreira Carvalho
Published: November 2016

A maioria dos alunos que ingressam no ensino superior não possuem o conhecimento básico de programação e acabam tendo muitas dificuldades pela falta de habilidades necessárias, como a resolução de problemas. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a experiência no uso de ferramentas online gamificadas na disciplina de Introdução à Programação, tanto para motivar os alunos quanto para avaliar a leitura de códigos de computador e reforçar os conceitos básicos da linguagem, com feedback rápido. Além disso, são apresentadas as características gerais e de gamificação dessas ferramentas.
Aprendizagem além do espaço escolar: uma experiência educativa em atividades de extensão na educação tecnológica
Authors: Severo Carlos Emilio , Freitas Rodrigo , Milano Tainã , Spenst Márcio , Valerio Alex Sandro
Published: November 2016

O presente artigo descreve os resultados de uma prática educativa no âmbito de um projeto de extensão realizado em parceria entre o (blind review) e a Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental (blind review). A prática educativa envolveu um estudo de caso acerca da influência de projetos de extensão na formação e aprendizagem de estudantes do ensino tecnológico. Os resultados demonstram os aspectos positivos da vivência prático-profissional dos estudantes.
Relato de experiência: curso de introdução à programação para crianças do ensino fundamental no IFSP Votuporanga
Authors: Rodrigues Luciene Cavalcanti , Queiroga Ana Paula Garrido de , Oliveira Manassés Vitorino de , More Alessandro Tetsuo
Published: November 2016

Crianças estão aprendendo a todo momento, por meio de inúmeras atividades dentro e fora da sala de aula, que permitem a construção de conhecimento através de leitura, escrita, vídeos, jogos e troca de experiências, tornando-os mais autônomos, autodidatas, capazes de resolver problemas e trabalhar em equipe. Neste contexto, as crianças não devem apenas consumir tecnologia e sim construí-la, desta forma, este artigo relata a experiência de ensino de programação de jogos utilizando Scratch com um grupo de 16 crianças de 9 a 10 anos de uma escola municipal em conjunto com o IFSP campus Votuporanga-SP, demonstrando uma forma interdisciplinar de aprimorar o raciocínio lógico de forma colaborativa e divertida.
Práticas de Inclusão Digital na Educação de Jovens e Adultos: minicurso de Introdução à Informática
Authors: Cunha Rafael , Gurgel Rita
Published: November 2016

A integração das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) na sociedade provocaram mudanças consideráveis nos mais diversos setores. Neste cenário, é preciso que as pessoas acompanhem o desenvolvimento e estejam aptos a utilizarem estas tecnologias de forma significativa. Entretanto, mesmo com a expansão dos últimos anos, alguns grupos não possuem acesso ou não sabem utilizar as TICs, tornando-se excluídos digitais. Dessa forma, torna-se necessário que práticas de inclusão digital sejam desenvolvidas objetivando a integração destes neste novo modelo de sociedade. Na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) estas ações apresentam maior importância, tendo em vista que irão contribuir para a inclusão social deste público. Nessa perspectiva, integrantes do subprojeto Computação e Informática do PIBID/UFERSA desenvolveram um minicurso de introdução à computação com educandos da EJA de uma escola municipal de Angicos/RN. O minicurso contou com 15 participantes, que tiveram aulas sobre Sistemas Operacionais (Windows), Pacote Office (Word e PowerPoint) e Internet. Durante a aplicação dos conteúdos, os educandos apresentaram algumas dificuldades que foram posteriormente superadas. Ao término do minicurso, os participantes afirmaram terem obtido os conhecimentos acerca da utilização das tecnologias trabalhadas e que estes irão contribuir para sua integração social e profissional. Ao final, concluiu-se que a experiência se mostrou exitosa na promoção da inclusão digital dos educandos da EJA.
Do Paper Circuit à programação de Arduino com Scratch: uma sequência didática para aprendizagem do conteúdo de energia nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Sobreira Elaine , Viveiro Alessandra , D'Abreu João
Published: November 2016

Descreve uma sequência didática, desenvolvida nas aulas de ciências com alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, em uma escola pública de um município da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver estratégias para que os alunos pudessem ampliar seus conhecimentos sobre o tema energia, através da montagem e programação de circuitos elétricos utilizando materiais de baixo custo ou reaproveitados, além de placas de prototipagem. O trabalho teve como ponto de partida a construção de circuitos de papel, seguindo para a construção de circuitos com sensores e atuadores utilizando a placa Arduino programada com Scratch, além da placa Makey Makey para estudos de condução de energia.
Um minicurso online de Algoritmos como apoio às disciplinas iniciais da graduação: preparação, execução e resultados sobre a satisfação dos alunos
Authors: Moissa Barbara , Santos Lucio Vasconcelos dos , Klock Ana Carolina Tomé , Gasparini Isabela , Kemczinski Avanilde
Published: November 2016

As disciplinas de Lógica de Programação e Algoritmos são inerentes a diversos cursos da área de exatas, como os relacionados à Ciência da Computação, Tecnologias, Matemática e Engenharias Civil, Mecânica, de Produção, etc. Entretanto, aprender tais conteúdos é uma competência difícil de ser desenvolvida. Com o objetivo de elaborar um material de qualidade para ensinar Algoritmos, o modelo ADDIE foi utilizado. Este artigo descreve o processo de planejamento, realização e avaliação do minicurso, seguido do resultado da avaliação de satisfação dos alunos.
Implicações do software livre no ensino e aprendizagem: um estudo de caso no ensino médio politécnico
Authors: Canez Alexsander Vasconcelos , Severo Carlos Emilio
Published: November 2016

Este artigo descreve uma investigação sobre a adoção do software livre como recurso pedagógico no processo ensino e aprendizagem. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa baseada em um estudo de caso, visando analisar os efeitos pedagógicos de uma prática educativa apoiada por tecnologia. A problemática surgiu a partir da percepção do professor acerca da dificuldade dos alunos no uso de aplicativos como ferramentas de apoio a aprendizagem. A investigação de natureza qualitativa foi validada a partir de dados provenientes da observação direta e participativa do professor. Os resultados foram positivos e significativos. Portanto, foi possível identificar o desempenho e as implicações de tecnologias de software livre como recursos pedagógicos no contexto escolar.
Experiência de Uso de Jogos Educacionais Digitais Individuais em Contextos de Colaboração
Authors: Reis Rachel C. D. , Rodriguez Carla L. , Lyra Kamila T. , Gotardo Reginaldo , Stamato Érica , Isotani Seiji
Published: November 2016

Os jogos digitais de matemática projetados para crianças do ensino fundamental têm sido largamente investigados por pesquisadores da área de Informática na Educação. Apesar das importantes contribuições, observou-se a carência de estudos científicos que analisem o uso desses jogos em situações colaborativas apoiadas por teorias de aprendizagem. Logo, este artigo tem como objetivo investigar o uso dos jogos da plataforma Educacross a partir de quatro cenários colaborativos fundamentados na teoria de aprendizagem Distributed Cognition. Os resultados obtidos por meio de um estudo de caso mostraram que os alunos desenvolveram outras habilidades cognitivas (atenção e interpretação) que não eram previstas pelos jogos da plataforma.
Uso do Scratch no ensino de programação em Ponta Porã: das séries inicias ao ensino superior
Authors: Batista Esteic Janaina Santos , Jr. Amaury Castro , Cantero Savio , Bogarim Cintia Adriana C. , Larrea Andreia A.
Published: November 2016

Várias pesquisas já demonstraram a importância do ensino e aprendizagem da programação em diferentes áreas, não se limitando apenas aos cursos de computação, por desenvolver habilidades que são essenciais para qualquer área como o raciocínio lógico. Torna-se necessário, então, que seja ensinado a proficiência digital, incluindo o pensamento computacional desde o ensino fundamental, por meio de ferramentas adequadas para o maioria do público. Este artigo apresenta como a linguagem de programação em blocos Scratch foi utilizada em diferentes escolaridades nas séries iniciais e finais do ensino fundamental, ensino médio e no ensino superior, a partir dos relatos de experiência.
Jogos Digitais no desenvolvimento de conceitos matemáticos sob perspectiva BYOD e abordagem m-Learning na escola pública
Authors: Pereira Adalberto Bosco , Silva Flávio Soares Corrêa da , Piconez Stela , Zimmer Josete Maria
Published: November 2016

Este artigo apresenta as possibilidades de uso de jogos digitais para a aprendizagem de conceitos matemáticos. Utiliza uma composição de dispositivo móvel sob a perspectiva "Bring your own device" (BYOD) e apoio de redes sociais, em escola estadual de ensino fundamental II. Foram evidenciados desafios, tais como, a ausência de formação de professores sobre o tema; problemas com infraestrutura tecnológica incompatível com as atividades pedagógicas adequadas e a necessidade da criação de uma metodologia sobre o uso de jogos digitais como apoio na construção de conceitos matemáticos.
O curso Aluno Integrado no município de Naviraí - MS: expectativas e conhecimentos adquiridos pelos alunos participantes
Authors: Ayala Luana A. , Rocha Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

Este estudo propõe reflexão sobre o curso Aluno Integrado desenvolvido no município de Naviraí – MS, enquanto eixo do Proinfo Integrado. O objetivo do estudo foi o de conhecer os interesses dos alunos em participar do referido curso enfatizando as expectativas almejadas dos cursistas em face do estudo vivenciado. A metodologia utilizada foi a de qualitativa com base no estudo de caso. Por meio desse estudo verificou-se que o curso Aluno Integrado se mostrou dentro das expectativas dos alunos, no que confere ao cômputo teórico relacionado à Informática. Do ponto de vista prático, não atendeu a expectativa, visto que o tópico que se relacionou à montagem de um computador não aconteceu. Outro aspecto que ficou evidenciado no estudo foi a descontinuidade da proposta em face do contingenciamento estabelecido pelo governo brasileiro, ao Proinfo Integrado, desde 2015.
Unveiling the diversity of Phalangodus Gervais, 1842 (Opiliones: Cranaidae): descriptions of four new species from Colombia
Authors: Villarreal M. Osvaldo , García Andrés F.
Published: November 2016

The Cranaidae genus Phalangodus Gervais, 1842 is revisited and its species are diagnosed. An identification key for the males of Phalangodus is provided. Four Colombian species are described as new: Phalangodus briareos sp. nov. from a cave in Zapatoca, Santander department, P. cottus sp. nov. from Villavicencio, Meta department, P. gyes sp. nov. from Ibagué, Tolima department and P. kuryi sp. nov. from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Magdalena department. SEM images of the penis of Phalangodus, including the type species of the genus, P. anacosmetus Gervais, 1842, are provided for the first time. Sexual dimorphism and the morphology of stylar caps and ovipositor in Cranaidae are discussed. Additionally, we revised the geographical distribution of P. anacosmetus, including a map with the geographical records of the genus.
Visibilidad y recuerdo del product placement en videojuegos
Authors: Seoane Nolasco Antonio , Sanjuán Pérez Antonio , Martínez Costa Sandra
Published: November 2016

Este estudio analiza la visibilidad que tiene la publicidad insertada a modo de product placement en los videojuegos. Para ello se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa experimental mediante la tecnología de eye tracking que determinó las zonas de pantalla más visibles y eficientes para la inserción de marcas, en un entorno eminentemente lúdico. Esta investigación se centra en la eficacia y el recuerdo de las ubicaciones en nueve zonas de pantalla correspondientes a tres áreas verticales (derecha, central e izquierda) y tres áreas horizontales (superior, inferior y central). El objetivo es averiguar cuáles son las de mayor visibilidad y su asociación con el recuerdo, por parte del usuario, de cada una de las marcas anunciantes.
Tabletas y smartphones. El diseño editorial obligado a adaptarse a los nuevos soportes informativos digitales
Authors: Yunquera Nieto Juan
Published: November 2016

La estructura básica del diseño editorial pensada para medios impresos se ha visto obligada a adaptarse a los nuevos medios informativos digitales. El «ancho por alto», las dos dimensiones básicas, han dejado paso a nuevas fórmulas, donde no solo conviven el texto y las imágenes, sino que deben combinarse ambos elementos con otros nuevos como los audiovisuales y el hipertexto. El diseño ha ganado en profundidad, al tiempo que busca formas de adaptarse a los nuevos soportes, principalmente tabletas y smartphones. De esta forma, las medidas absolutas de lo impreso se han visto sustituidas por las referencias relativas que los diseñadores deben utilizar para realizar una aportación funcional y efectiva en el diseño que, en muchos casos, no se ha aplicado con la efectividad necesaria para conseguir el responsive design, el diseño flexible que requerían los nuevos soportes y las nuevas posibilidades ofrecidas por las web apps y las aplicaciones para tabletas. Había que experimentar con procedimientos basados en prueba y error ante la necesidad de concebir y adaptar el diseño de la publicación a varios soportes y a varios formatos.
Local Intra-wound Administration of Powdered Antibiotics in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Fleischman Andrew N. , Austin Matthew S.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common complications after orthopaedic surgery, leading to significant morbidity and its associated costs. Surgical guidelines strongly recommend the use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis to reduce the risk for developing SSI. Locally administered powdered antibiotics have the potential to provide remarkably high intra-wound concentrations without risk for systemic toxicity. However, a paucity of high quality evidence in the orthopaedic literature has prevented widespread adoption of this technique. The majority of clinical studies on local intra-wound antibiotics have evaluated the use of topical powdered vancomycin in spinal surgery, though only a single prospective study currently exists. This review will discuss all the available evidence describing the effectiveness, pharmacokinetics, and potential adverse effects with the use of topical powdered antibiotics in orthopedic surgery.
Allograft Bone as Antibiotic Carrier
Authors: Winkler Heinz , Haiden Peter
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The treatment of chronic bone and joint infections is characterized by obstinate persistency of the causing microorganisms and resulting long term disability to patients, associated with remarkable costs for the health care system. Difficulties derive from biofilm formed on dead bone and eventual implants, with resistance against immunological defences and antimicrobial substances. Biofilm embedded bacteria require up to 1000 times the antibiotic concentration of planktonic bacteria for elimination. Systemic antibiotic treatment alone cannot provide the concentrations required and surgical intervention is always prerequisite for potentially providing a cure. A second issue is that osseous defects are almost always present after surgical debridement, and it is difficult to address their reconstruction. One option is to use bone grafts, either from the patient´s own body or from foreign donors (allografts). Grafts are usually unvascularized and are prone to colonization with bacteria. Loading of allografts with antibiotics may not only protect grafts from bacterial adhesion but, using appropriate processing methods, may also provide high local antibiotic concentrations that may eliminate remaining sessile pathogens. For efficient action as antibiotic carriers, the release of antibiotics should be above the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) for a prolonged period of time. Cleaning the bone from bone marrow opens a large reservoir for storage of antimicrobial substances that, after implantation, may be released to the surrounding in a sustained mode, possibly eliminating remaining biofilm remnants. Removal of bone marrow, leaving a pure matrix, provides increased safety and improved revascularization of the graft. Local provision of antibiotic concentrations above the MBEC may enable simultaneous internal fixation with osteosynthetic material and single stage exchange of infected endoprostheses, resulting in shorter hospital stays with reduced pain and faster rehabilitation of patients.
Local Antimicrobial Treatment in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Chen Antonia F. , Winkler Heinz
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The purpose of this special issue of Journal of Bone and Joint Infection is to provide orthopaedic surgeons with basic science explanations as to how these local antimicrobials work, clinical evidence that supports these local treatments, and the role of these local treatments against biofilm.
La critique au temps de l’amour : Jacques Rivière et la musique debussyste
Authors: Perreault Isabelle
Published: November 2016

En replaçant dans l’histoire de la critique – et, plus largement, dans celle des conceptions musicales – les premiers textes que Jacques Rivière consacre à l’œuvre de Claude Debussy, je me propose de (re)lire ces derniers comme les traces discursives des processus de mutations qui ont lieu dans la presse musicale à l’orée du XXesiècle. Je postule d’abord que Rivière, héritier des conventions rhétoriques mises en place au XIXesiècle, use de sa connaissance de la littérature symboliste comme d’un tremplin d’accès vers la musique de Debussy. Par la façon dont le mouvement de son écriture vient épouser la forme et la ligne mélodique de l’esthétique du compositeur, Rivière parvient, d’une part, à adapter son discours à l’objet qu’il décrit – ce que j’ai appelé le « dévouement à l’objet » –, et d’autre part, à outrepasser la dialectique d’une critique impressionniste ou techniciste tout en transformant le texte en un « donné-à-entendre ». La critique musicale acquiert dès lors une nouvelle fonction, intermédiaire entre l’expérience du concert et les lecteurs deLa NRF, de sorte que les modalités du discours se modifient elles aussi. Cependant, comme partout chez Rivière, celles-ci ne peuvent se passer du filtre nécessaire à tout accueil esthétique : l’amour.
High levels of pre‐treatment HIV drug resistance and treatment failure in Nigerian children
Authors: Boerma Ragna S , Boender T Sonia , Sigaloff Kim C.E. , Rinke de Wit Tobias F , van Hensbroek Michael Boele , Ndembi Nicaise , Adeyemo Titilope , Temiye Edamisan O , Osibogun Akin , Ondoa Pascale , Calis Job C , Akanmu Alani Sulaimon
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Pre‐treatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) is an increasing problem in sub‐Saharan Africa. Children are an especially vulnerable population to develop PDR given that paediatric second‐line treatment options are limited. Although monitoring of PDR is important, data on the paediatric prevalence in sub‐Saharan Africa and its consequences for treatment outcomes are scarce. We designed a prospective paediatric cohort study to document the prevalence of PDR and its effect on subsequent treatment failure in Nigeria, the country with the second highest number of HIV‐infected children in the world.

Methods

HIV‐1‐infected children ≤12 years, who had not been exposed to drugs for the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT), were enrolled between 2012 and 2013, and followed up for 24 months in Lagos, Nigeria. Pre‐antiretroviral treatment (ART) population‐based pol genotypic testing and six‐monthly viral load (VL) testing were performed. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effect of PDR (World Health Organization (WHO) list for transmitted drug resistance) on subsequent treatment failure (two consecutive VL measurements >1000 cps/ml or death).

Results

Of the total 82 PMTCT‐naïve children, 13 (15.9%) had PDR. All 13 children harboured non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations, of whom seven also had nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance. After 24 months, 33% had experienced treatment failure. Treatment failure was associated with PDR and a higher log VL before treatment initiation (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.53 (95%CI 1.61–35.15) and 2.85 (95%CI 1.04–7.78), respectively).

Discussion

PDR was present in one out of six Nigerian children. These high numbers corroborate with recent findings in other African countries. The presence of PDR was relevant as it was the strongest predictor of first‐line treatment failure.

Conclusions

Our findings stress the importance of implementing fully active regimens in children living with HIV. This includes the implementation of protease inhibitor (PI)‐based first‐line ART, as is recommended by the WHO for all HIV‐infected children <3 years of age. Overcoming practical barriers to implement PI‐based regimens is essential to ensure optimal treatment for HIV‐infected children in sub‐Saharan Africa. In countries where individual VL or resistance testing is not possible, more attention should be given to paediatric PDR surveys.