bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Binder Infiltration in Additive Manufacturing of Sand Molds
Authors: Erhard Patricia , Tanjavooru Vivek Teja , Hartmann Christoph , van den Bosch Lucas , Seidel Alexander , Volk Wolfram , Günther Daniel
Published: August 2023

This article proposes a computational fluid dynamics approach to simulate binder infiltration in 3D printing of sand molds using OpenFOAM facilitating the identification of suitable levers for application‐specific material and process developments. A method for randomly generating powder bulks of designated powder size distributions (PSD) and procedures for automated analysis of the infiltration profile and volume are introduced. Simulation is utilized to investigate binder infiltration using different droplet spacings, representing different printheads’ resolutions. The apparent particle size at the exact location of the droplets’ impact, the droplets’ landing position in relation to the respective surface topography, and thus the statistical appearance of particle formations appear to be influencing the infiltration profile. High‐speed camera observations show the plausibility of the predicted infiltration kinetics. An exemplary use case compares the predicted infiltration profiles to the compressive strength of specimens printed from silica sand with low binder contents. Simulation predicts an average infiltration of 250 μm that presumably achieves reliable bonding for layer thicknesses up to 365 μm. A decrease in strength with increasing layer thickness at constant binder contents can be found in the experiment – at layer thicknesses above 350 μm, only minor strengths are achieved.
The Influence of Phase Formation on Irradiation Tolerance in a Nanocrystalline TiZrNbHfTa Refractory High‐Entropy Alloy
Authors: Moschetti Michael , Xu Alan , Hohenwarter Anton , Wei Tao , Davis Joel , Short Ken , Thorogood Gordon J. , Kong Charlie , Couzinié Jean-Philippe , Bhattacharyya Dhriti , Kruzic Jamie J. , Gludovatz Bernd
Published: August 2023

Refractory high‐entropy alloys (RHEAs) are candidate structural materials for nuclear applications due to their promising high‐temperature mechanical performance and irradiation tolerance. However, most body‐centered cubic (BCC) RHEAs form additional phases depending on their thermal history, with few studies assessing their effect on irradiation tolerance. This study characterizes the impact of phase transformations on the room‐temperature irradiation tolerance of a nanocrystalline TiZrNbHfTa RHEA by assessing its microstructure and micromechanical properties before and after thermal treatments between 500 and 800 °C. The alloy demonstrates exceptional irradiation tolerance before and after 500 °C treatments for 1–100 h, which induce BCC to hexagonal close‐packed (HCP) phase transformation, with excellent microstructural stability and minimal irradiation‐induced hardening. Conversely, 800 °C treatment for 1 h forms two major BCC phases and a minor HCP phase, negatively impacting both pre‐ and post‐irradiation mechanical performance and causing significant irradiation‐induced hardening and embrittlement. Additionally, this research identifies a second HCP phase in the 500 °C, 100 h‐treated condition, marking its first mention in the literature. This study emphasizes the importance of assessing temperature and phase formation effects on the irradiation tolerance of RHEAs for future nuclear reactors.
Four‐Arm Polymer‐Guided Formation of Curcumin‐Loaded Flower‐Like Porous Microspheres as Injectable Cell Carriers for Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Yuan Xiaohuan , Yang Wei , Fu Yingying , Tao Ziwei , Xiao Lan , Zheng Qinzhou , Wu Dan , Zhang Mengya , Li Luxin , Lu Zhengmao , Wu Yan , Gao Jie , Li Yulin
Published: August 2023

Stem cell injection is an effective approach for treating diabetic wounds; however, shear stress during injections can negatively affect their stemness and cell growth. Cell‐laden porous microspheres can provide shelter for bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). Herein, curcumin‐loaded flower‐like porous microspheres (CFPM) are designed by combining phase inversion emulsification with thermally induced phase separation‐guided four‐arm poly (l‐lactic acid) (B‐PLLA). Notably, the CFPM shows a well‐defined surface topography and inner structure, ensuring a high surface area to enable the incorporation and delivery of a large amount of ‐BMSC and curcumin. The BMSC‐carrying CFPM (BMSC@CFPM) maintains the proliferation, retention, and stemness of ‐BMSCs, which, in combination with their sustainable curcumin release, facilitates the endogenous production of growth/proangiogenic factors and offers a local anti‐inflammatory function. An in vivo bioluminescence assay demonstrates that BMSC@CFPM can significantly increase the retention and survival of BMSC in wound sites. Accordingly, BMSC@CFPM, with no significant systemic toxicity, could significantly accelerate diabetic wound healing by promoting angiogenesis, collagen reconstruction, and M2 macrophage polarization. RNA sequencing further unveils the mechanisms by which BMSC@CFPM promotes diabetic wound healing by increasing ‐growth factors and enhancing angiogenesis through the JAK/STAT pathway. Overall, BMSC@CFPM represents a potential therapeutic tool for diabetic wound healing.
Oxidized Low‐Density Lipoprotein (Ox‐LDL)‐Triggered Double‐Lock Probe for Spatiotemporal Lipoprotein Oxidation and Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging
Authors: Zhi Xu , Sun Yufen , Cai Fangjian , Wang Sisi , Gao Hu , Wu Fan , Zhang Lei , Shen Zhen
Published: August 2023

Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), especially oxidative modified LDL (Ox‐LDL), is the key risk factor for plaque accumulation and the development of cardiovascular disease. Herein, a highly specific Ox‐LDL‐triggered fluorogenic‐colorimetric probe Pro‐P1 is developed for visualizing the oxidation and aggregation progress of lipoproteins and plaque. A series of green fluorescent protein chromophores with modified donor‐acceptor structures, containing carbazole as an electron donor and various substituents including pyridine‐vinyl (P1), phenol‐vinyl (P2), N, N‐dimethylaniline‐vinyl (P3), and thiophene‐vinyl (P4), have been synthesized and evaluated. Emission spectroscopy and theoretical calculations of P1–P4 indicate that P1 shows enhanced green fluorescence (λem = 560 nm) by inhibiting its twisted intramolecular charge transfer in the presence of Ox‐LDL. This feature allows the selection of P1 as a sensitive probe to directly visualize ferroptosis and Cu2+‐mediated LDL oxidative aggregation via in situ formation of fluorophore‐bound Ox‐LDL in living cells. The red‐emissive probe Pro‐P1 (λem = 660 nm) is prepared via borate protection of P1, which can be cleaved into P1 under high expression of HOCl and Ox‐LDL condition at the lesion site, resulting in enhanced green emission. The plaque area and size with clear boundaries can be delineated by colorimetric fluorescence imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging with precise differentiation.
A Layered Bi2Te3@PPy Cathode for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries: Mechanism and Application in Printed Flexible Batteries
Authors: Zeng Guifang , Sun Qing , Horta Sharona , Wang Shang , Lu Xuan , Zhang Chao Yue , Li Jing , Li Junshan , Ci Lijie , Tian Yanhong , Ibáñez Maria , Cabot Andreu
Published: August 2023

Low‐cost, safe, and environmental‐friendly rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising as next‐generation energy storage devices for wearable electronics among other applications. However, sluggish ionic transport kinetics and the unstable electrode structure during ionic insertion/extraction hamper their deployment. Herein, a new cathode material based on a layered metal chalcogenide (LMC), bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3), coated with polypyrrole (PPy) is proposed. Taking advantage of the PPy coating, the Bi2Te3@PPy composite presents strong ionic absorption affinity, high oxidation resistance, and high structural stability. The ZIBs based on Bi2Te3@PPy cathodes exhibit high capacities and ultra‐long lifespans of over 5000 cycles. They also present outstanding stability even under bending. In addition, here the reaction mechanism is analyzed using in situ X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and computational tools and it is demonstrated that, in the aqueous system, Zn2+ is not inserted into the cathode as previously assumed. In contrast, proton charge storage dominates the process. Overall, this work not only shows the great potential of LMCs as ZIB cathode materials and the advantages of PPy coating, but also clarifies the charge/discharge mechanism in rechargeable ZIBs based on LMCs.
Onlinization of a simulation course that includes minor emergency procedures
Authors: Matsubara Tomoyasu , Numata Kenji , Inaba Takashi , Maeno Tetsuhiro
Published: August 2023

Aim

We attempted to convert a simulation course held on‐site for primary care physicians to learn about the initial treatment of minor emergencies, including some common surgical procedures, to an online format.

Methods

We reviewed the subjects covered in the course and evaluated whether it was “decision‐making” or “technical skills” that had been primarily taught as simulation‐based training for each subject, and then supplemented the contents accordingly.

Results

As a result, satisfaction levels with the online course were comparable to those with the on‐site course as measured by a postcourse questionnaire (97.6% [83/85 participants] rating it as “excellent” or “good” on a 5‐point Likert scale postcourse questionnaire).

Conclusion

We showed that it is reasonable to offer simulation in place of in‐person training even for some procedures that were once assumed to be difficult to teach online. Of note, the online course is not just a replacement for the on‐site course; it can offer other benefits, including opportunities for those who have difficulty attending courses due to distance or work‐related reasons. After the COVID‐19 pandemic period, both onsite and online courses can be held, allowing participants to choose the style of course that best suits their situation.
Facile Borylation of Alkenes, Alkynes, Imines, Arenes and Heteroarenes with N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Boranes and a Heterogeneous Semiconductor Photocatalyst
Authors: Xie Fukai , Mao Zhan , Curran Dennis P. , Liang Hongliang , Dai Wen
Published: August 2023

Although the development of radical chain and photocatalytic borylation reactions using N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐borane as boron source is remarkable, the persistent problems, including the use of hazardous and high‐energy radical initiators or the recyclability and photostability issues of soluble homogeneous photocatalysts, still leave great room for further development in a sustainable manner. Herein, we report a conceptually different approach toward highly functionalized organoborane synthesis by using recoverable ultrathin cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanosheets as a heterogeneous photocatalyst, and a general and mild borylation platform that enables regioselective borylation of a wide variety of alkenes (arylethenes, trifluoromethylalkenes, α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds and nitriles), alkynes, imines and electron‐poor aromatic rings with NHC‐borane as boryl radical precursor. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that both photogenerated electrons and holes on the CdS fully perform their own roles, thereby resulting in enhancement of photocatalytic activity and stability of CdS.
Management of physical and chemical water quality in Kotchener drain (Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt)
Authors: Osman Walaa S. , Ali Dina , Bhran Ahmed A. , Hassanean Mohamed H. , Shoaib Abeer M.
Published: August 2023

Minimization of freshwater consumption is very important in the management of water quality in drainage systems. In this paper, a mathematical technique for mass integration in drain systems was proposed. The main objective of this work is to manage the water quality in Kotchener drain (El‐Gharbia main drain) by chasing the physical and chemical parameters at sources and sinks. Kotchener drain is one of the largest drains in the Nile delta which moves from south of Egypt to the Mediterranean Sea in the north direction. Firstly, the data were collected from the studied area for 2 years along the Kotchener drain area. This was achieved by monthly monitoring five parameters of six sources sites and five sinks' sites. The results reveal that the concentration of the sources parameters in catchment area are within the permissible limits, except major constituents of total dissolved solid (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD). According to the degree of pollutants in the Kotchener drain area, the effective parameters that affected the irrigation along the Nile delta were studied. Secondly, a mathematical model was constructed by input the data of sinks, sources, and discharge point to Mediterranean Sea. Distribution of wastewater and freshwater between sources and sinks were studied according to the limiting mass loads of sources and sinks. Furthermore, the variables were optimized by applying LINGO Software with adding assumptions and constrains. The most effective network with minimal negative environmental impact was obtained. Application of the introduced mathematical approach results in minimizing the freshwater consumption with minimizing the wastewater discharge.
Sulfur‐Decorated Ti3C2TX MXene for High‐Performance Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Zhendong , Dong Guangsheng , Zhang Man , Gao Musen , Shao Leijun , Chen Meng , Liu Hongli , Ni Mingchen , Cao Dianxue , Zhu Kai
Published: August 2023

As post‐lithium ion batteries, both sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium ion batteries (PIBs) possess great potential for large scale energy storage. However, the application of both SIBs and PIBs are hindered by the lack of suitable electrode materials. Here, we synthesized the sulfur decorated Ti3C2Tx (S−T3C2Tx) MXene as electrode material for SIBs and PIBs. Thanks to the sulfur functional group and the formation of Ti−S bond, which facilitates the sodium in‐/desertion and strengthens the potassium ion adsorption ability, as well as enhances ion reaction kinetics and improved structure stability, the S−T3C2Tx exhibit excellent sodium/potassium storage performance, high reversible capacities of 151 and 101 mAh g−1 at 0.1 mA g−1 were achieved for SIBs and PIBs, respectively. Moreover, the S−T3C2Tx exhibits remarkable long‐term capacity stability at a high density of 500 mA g−1, providing an impressive storage of 88 mAh g−1 for SIBs and 41 mAh g−1 for PIBs even after 2000 cycles. This work could give a deep comprehension of the heteroatom modification influence on the MXene‐based framework and promote the application of MXene electrodes.
Self‐assembly of molecular beacons through metal ion coordination for fluorescence imaging of miRNA in living cells
Authors: Yang Chan , Li Fenfen , Mo Liuting , Lin Weiying
Published: August 2023

Fluorescence nanosensors based on functional nucleic acids have been explored as a powerful sensing platform for disease‐relevant miRNAs. This work developed a new hybrid nanosensor (Zr‐B) through coordination‐driven self‐assembly of Zr ions and beacons. The prepared nanosensor exhibited high loading efficiency of beacons and could achieve sensitive and specific detection for miRNAs. The hybrid nanosensor could transfer beacons into living cells efficiently and maintain high stability and biocompatibility in the biological environment, achieving effective miRNA fluorescence imaging in living cells. Therefore, the resultant nanosensor holds potential for applications in disease diagnostics.
Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer evaluation of novel 4‐hydrazinothiazole analogs
Authors: Break Shorook Yasser , Hossan Aisha , Farouk Asmaa
Published: August 2023

Single‐step synthesis of novel 4‐hydrazinothiazole derivatives 6a–e was achieved under mild conditions using the sequential four‐components method involving isothiocyanate, aminoguanidine, carbonyl adduct, and α‐haloketone derivatives. Deprotection of these hydrazinothiazoles was influenced by acylation, providing a novel group of diacylated molecular structures with a broader scope for the design of thiazolyl‐containing drugs 7a and 7b. FTIR, 1H/13C NMR, LC–MS spectroscopy, and CHN elemental analyses were used to study the compound chemical structures. Using a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPDLF) cells, the 4‐hydrazinothiazole derivatives were screened for cytotoxicity in an in vitro cytotoxicity investigation. The 4‐hydrazinothiazole compound 6b bearing an isopropylidene‐hydrazino group demonstrated strongly potent cytotoxicity against CAKI1 (IC50 = 1.65 ± 0.24 μM) and A498 (IC50 of 0.85 ± 0.24 μM). Furthermore, the chloroacetyl‐containing thiazole compound 7a displayed efficient inhibition of growth against the test cell lines CAKI1 and A498 at low micromolar concentrations, IC50 0.78 and 0.74 μM, respectively.
The role of P450 enzymes in malaria and other vector‐borne infectious diseases
Authors: Skorokhod Oleksii , Vostokova Ekaterina , Gilardi Gianfranco
Published: August 2023

Vector‐borne infectious diseases are still an important global health problem. Malaria is the most important among them, mainly pediatric, life‐threatening disease. Malaria and other vector‐borne disorders caused by parasites, bacteria, and viruses have a strong impact on public health and significant economic costs. Most vector‐borne diseases could be prevented by vector control, with attention to the ecological and biodiversity conservation aspects. Chemical control with pesticides and insecticides is widely used as a measure of prevention although increasing resistance to insecticides is a serious issue in vector control. Metabolic resistance is the most common mechanism and poses a big challenge. Insect enzyme systems, including monooxygenase CYP P450 enzymes, are employed by vectors mainly to metabolize insecticides thus causing resistance. The discovery and application of natural specific inhibitors/blockers of vector P450 enzymes as synergists for commonly used pesticides will contribute to the “greening” of insecticides. Besides vector CYPs, host CYP enzymes could also be exploited to fight against vector‐borne diseases: using mostly their detoxifying properties and involvement in the immune response. Here, we review published research data on P450 enzymes from all players in vector‐borne infections, that is, pathogens, vectors, and hosts, regarding the potential role of CYPs in disease. We discuss strategies on how to exploit cytochromes P450 in vector‐borne disease control.
The effect of chronic lithium treatment on hippocampal progenitor cells: Transcriptomic analysis and systems pharmacology
Authors: Jahandideh Mina , Ebrahimi Erfan , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein , Barzegari Ebrahim
Published: August 2023

Objective

To identify the genomics underpinning the increased volume of the hippocampus after long‐term administration of lithium (Li) in bipolar disorder patients, hypothesizing the possible contribution of cell growth and differentiation pathways to this complication.

Methods

RNA‐seq profiles of four samples of hippocampal progenitor cells chronically treated with a high dose of Li and three samples chronically treated with the therapeutic dose were retrieved from NCBI‐GEO. The raw data underwent filtration, quality control, expression fold change, adjusted significance, functional enrichment, and pharmacogenomic analyses.

Results

CCND1, LOXL2, and PRNP were identified as the genes involved in the drug response and the chronic effects of Li in the hippocampal cells. GSK‐3β was also a hub in the pharmacogenomic network of Li. In addition, ZMPSTE24 and DHX35 were identified as the important genes in lithium therapy.

Conclusions

As shown by gene ontology results, these findings conclude that lithium may increase the size of the hippocampus in bipolar patients by stimulating the generation of new neurons and promoting their differentiation into neuroblasts, neurons, or microglia.
Robust control design on Scilab: Hybrid remotely operated vehicle
Authors: Roque‐Quispe Alejandra C. , Alvarez‐Quispe Andres B. J. , Yanyachi Pablo R. , Yanyachi Daniel , Cutipa‐Luque Juan C.
Published: August 2023

The goal of this work is to demonstrate the advanced features of Scilab/Xcos software in the process of designing robust controllers and to validate them numerically by a multivariable system with high coupled dynamics; it is a hybrid remotely operated vehicle (HROV). The methodology presents five steps which are the nonlinear model representation, the model linearization, the building of augmented plants, the synthesis of robust controllers through the optimization algorithms, and the plotting of the results. Linear models can be obtained straightforwardly at many operation points. The robust controllers are synthesized using the mixed sensitivity approach and tested in Scilab script and in the Xcos block diagram interface. The surge and yaw rate vehicle dynamics are controlled by a centralized controller; obtaining a good settling time, of less than 14 s, without overshooting and mitigating the coupling dynamics. Moreover, the good shaping in sensitivity and complementary sensitivity indicates robustness in performance and stability for the HROV. The proposed methodology includes time and frequency domain analysis, among other advanced features, to overcome the need for commercial software.
Bacterial J‐Domains with C‐Terminal Tags Contact the Substrate Binding Domain of DnaK and Sequester Chaperone Activity
Authors: Nelson Brock , Soper Nathan , Lupoli Tania J.
Published: August 2023

Functional interactions between the molecular chaperone DnaK and cofactor J‐proteins (DnaJs), as well as their homologs, are crucial to the maintenance of proteostasis across cell types. In the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, DnaK–DnaJ interactions are essential for cell growth and represent potential targets for antibiotic or adjuvant development. While the N‐terminal J‐domains of J‐proteins are known to form important contacts with DnaK, C‐terminal domains have varied roles. Here, we have studied the effect of adding C‐terminal tags to N‐terminal J‐domain truncations of mycobacterial DnaJ1 and DnaJ2 to promote additional interactions with DnaK. We found that His6 tags uniquely promote binding to additional sites in the substrate binding domain at the C‐terminus of DnaK. Other C‐terminal tags attached to J‐domains, even peptides known to interact with DnaK, do not produce the same effects. Expression of C‐terminally modified DnaJ1 or DnaJ2 J‐domains in mycobacterial cells suppresses chaperone activity following proteotoxic stress, which is exaggerated in the presence of a small‐molecule DnaK inhibitor. Hence, this work uncovers genetically encodable J‐protein variants that may be used to study chaperone–cofactor interactions in other organisms.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an HIV patient: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lei Ting , Deng Ai , Li Lianchi , Wang Ming , Wu Dongbo , Zhou Taoyou
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare opportunistic infection of the brain caused by reactivation of the JC virus, which can lead to a lytic infection of oligodendrocytes. We report a patient with HIV who developed PML.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare opportunistic infection of the brain caused by reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV), which can lead to a lytic infection of oligodendrocytes. Herein, we report the case of a patient with HIV who developed PML that presented as a progressive disturbance of consciousness and movement. The patient's clinical symptoms progressively deteriorated, and positive JC viral DNA in his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) helped us diagnose him with PML. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple asymmetric subcortical and deep white‐matter lesions. Although we administered immunoreconstructive therapy, the patient's condition gradually worsened. Therefore, we suggest that PML should be considered if such lesions are found in MRIs of HIV patients.
Redox Activity of IrIII Complexes with Multidentate Ligands Based on Dipyrido‐Annulated N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes: Access to High Valent and High Spin State with Carbon Donors
Authors: Nakanishi Kazuki , Lugo‐Fuentes Leonardo I. , Manabe Jun , Guo Ronghao , Kikkawa Soichi , Yamazoe Seiji , Komaguchi Kenji , Kume Shoko , Szczepanik Dariusz W. , Solà Miquel , Jimenez‐Halla J. Oscar C. , Nishihara Sadafumi , Kubo Kazuyuki , Nakamoto Masaaki , Yamamoto Yohsuke , Mizuta Tsutomu , Shang Rong
Published: August 2023

Synthetic strategies to access high‐valent iridium complexes usually require use of π donating ligands bearing electronegative atoms (e. g. amide or oxide) or σ donating electropositive atoms (e. g. boryl or hydride). Besides the η5‐(methyl)cyclopentadienyl derivatives, high‐valent η1 carbon‐ligated iridium complexes are challenging to synthesize. To meet this challenge, this work reports the oxidation behavior of an all‐carbon‐ligated anionic bis(CCC‐pincer) IrIII complex. Being both σ and π donating, the diaryl dipyrido‐annulated N‐heterocyclic carbene (dpa‐NHC) IrIII complex allowed a stepwise 4e− oxidation sequence. The first 2e− oxidation led to an oxidative coupling of two adjacent aryl groups, resulting in formation of a cationic chiral IrIII complex bearing a CCCC‐tetradentate ligand. A further 2e− oxidation allowed isolation of a high‐valent tricationic complex with a triplet ground state. These results close a synthetic gap for carbon‐ligated iridium complexes and demonstrate the electronic tuning potential of organic π ligands for unusual electronic properties.
Alcohol consumption and prognosis and survival in breast cancer survivors: The Pathways Study
Authors: Kwan Marilyn L. , Valice Emily , Ergas Isaac J. , Roh Janise M. , Caan Bette J. , Cespedes Feliciano Elizabeth M. , Kolevska Tatjana , Hartman Terryl J. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Ambrosone Christine B. , Kushi Lawrence H.
Published: August 2023

Background

The impact of alcohol consumption on breast cancer (BC) prognosis remains unclear.

Methods

The authors examined short‐term alcohol intake in relation to recurrence and mortality in 3659 women who were diagnosed with stage I–IV BC from 2003 to 2013 in the Pathways Study. Alcohol drinking in the past 6 months was assessed at cohort entry (mean, 2 months postdiagnosis) and 6 months later using a food‐frequency questionnaire. Study end points were recurrence and death from BC, cardiovascular disease, and all causes. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Over an average follow‐up of 11.2 years, 524 recurrences and 834 deaths (369 BC‐specific and 314 cardiovascular disease‐specific) occurred. Compared with nondrinkers (36.9%), drinkers were more likely younger, more educated, and current or past smokers. Overall, alcohol consumption was not associated with recurrence or mortality. However, women with higher body mass index (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) had lower risk of overall mortality with increasing alcohol consumption for occasional drinking (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54–0.94) and regular drinking (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.56–1.08) around the time of diagnosis, along with 6 months later, in a dose‐response manner (p < .05). Women with lower BMI (<30 kg/m2) were not at higher risk of mortality but were at possibly higher, yet nonsignificant, risk of recurrence for occasional drinking (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.97–1.71) and regular drinking (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.88–1.62).

Conclusions

Alcohol drinking around the time of and up to 6 months after BC diagnosis was associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality in obese women. A possible higher risk of recurrence was observed in nonobese women.
Tunable Synthetic Hydrogels to Study Angiogenic Sprouting
Authors: Trapani Giuseppe , Weiß Martin Sebastian , Trappmann Britta
Published: August 2023

Angiogenic sprouting, the formation of new blood vessels from pre‐existing vasculature, is tightly regulated by the properties of the surrounding tissue microenvironment. Although the extracellular matrix has been shown to be a major regulator of this process, it is not clear how individual biochemical and mechanical properties influence endothelial cell sprouting. This information gap is largely due to the lack of suitable in vitro models that recapitulate angiogenic sprouting in a 3D environment with independent control over matrix properties. Here, we present protocols for the preparation of endothelial cell spheroid‐laden synthetic, dextran‐based hydrogels, which serve as a highly tunable 3D scaffold. The adjustment of the hydrogels’ adhesiveness, stiffness, and degradability is demonstrated in detail. Finally, we describe assays to elucidate how individual matrix properties regulate angiogenic sprouting, including their analysis by immunofluorescence staining and imaging. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Synthesis of methacrylated dextran (DexMA)

Basic Protocol 2: Generation of endothelial cell spheroids in microwells

Basic Protocol 3: Endothelial cell sprouting in hydrogels of tunable stiffness

Basic Protocol 4: Endothelial cell sprouting in hydrogels of tunable adhesiveness

Basic Protocol 5: Endothelial cell sprouting in hydrogels of tunable degradability

Basic Protocol 6: Imaging of endothelial cell spheroid‐laden hydrogels

Support Protocol 1: Preparation of pro‐angiogenic cocktail for endothelial cell sprouting
Report of a magpie preying on a post‐fledgling Daurian redstart
Authors: Zhu Guofen , Zheng Meinuo , Lyu Shanshan , Ma Laikun
Published: August 2023

A magpie (Pica pica) preying on a fledgling of Daurian redstart (Phoenicurus auroreus) was incidentally recorded with a video shot by mobile phone on 26 May 2021, providing direct evidence for magpie predation. It also shows that predation is an important factor that affects the survival of fledglings, indicating that survival of fledglings should be considered in evaluating breeding success of birds. The fledgling was about 13‐day‐old posthatching, and it was on its first day of leaving the nest when the incident occurred. It was preyed upon by a magpie 10 m away from the nest by two attempts under strong defensive behaviour from the female.
A comparative analysis of multi‐criteria decision methods for secure beacon selection in vehicular platoons
Authors: Taylor Sean Joe , Ahmad Farhan , Nguyen Hoang Nga , Shaikh Siraj Ahmed , Bryans Jeremy , Wartnaby Charles E.
Published: August 2023

Vehicle platoons are a novel transportation technology which not only aims to ensure traffic safety but also create a positive impact on the environment by producing low CO emissions. Vehicle platoons rely heavily on wireless communication to ensure that vehicles (leader and members) moving at high speed can keep close formation by exchanging beacons containing significant, authentic and accurate information. However, the presence of malicious attackers launching different attacks such as false data injection (FDI) can compromise the security of vehicle platoons by tampering with the beacons. Therefore, to avoid FDI attacks, we relied on multi‐criteria decision methods (MCDM)‐based methods in order to select the optimum beacon to share authentic and accurate information with the member vehicles. In this study, three MCDM methods including weighted sum model, technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution and preference ranking organization method for enrichment of evaluations (PROMETHEE‐II) are studied and compared with the aim to enable the platoons to select the optimum beacon for communication. We performed extensive simulations to evaluate the performance of these methods in the presence of three FDI attacker models from four different aspects, that is, safety, stability, environmental, and cyber security. Our results demonstrate that MCDM‐based methods can increase network efficiency, but at the cost of a trade‐off between safety and cyber security.
Modeling of tunnel air condition in the Kyiv (Ukraine) subway to reduce humidity
Authors: Deineko Andrii Ivanovich , Krukovskyi Pavlo Grihorovich , Diadiushko Yevhenii Valentinovich , Smolchenko Dmytro Andreevich
Published: August 2023

Experimental study of the level of relative humidity of tunnel air in the Kyiv subway in recent years has shown a constant exceeding of the normalized value (established by regulations) of relative humidity of tunnel air (>75 %) during the summer period, which led to the deterioration of equipment and the rims of the tunnel walls. Comparison of absolute humidity values of tunnel air and supply air from ventilation shafts from the environment under the current tunnel ventilation modes led to the recommendation to change these modes from removal to injection of air with lower absolute humidity than in the problem tunnels. This idea was verified and validated using 3D modeling of the thermo‐gas‐dynamic and humidity conditions of the tunnels over 3 calendar years, resulting in a decrease in relative humidity below 75 % due to changes in the operating modes of tunnel ventilation. The simulation results were confirmed by experimental tests in the subway and implemented for use.
Wie sicher sind unsere Bauwerke? – Strukturpapier des Arbeitskreises 2.15 der DGGT „Zuverlässigkeitsbasierte Methoden in der Geotechnik“
Authors: Lesny Kerstin , Arnold Patrick , Sorgatz Julia , Schneider Ronald
Published: August 2023

Der zukünftige Eurocode 7 wird ausdrücklich die Nutzung zuverlässigkeitsbasierter Methoden in der geotechnischen Planung und Bemessung erlauben. In Deutschland gibt es bisher kaum Erfahrung in der praktischen Anwendung derartiger Verfahren und entsprechend sind die Vorbehalte gegenüber diesen Methoden oft groß. Der neue DGGT‐Arbeitskreis (AK) 2.15 „Zuverlässigkeitsbasierte Methoden in der Geotechnik“ hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, durch praxisorientierte Anleitungen und Empfehlungen sowie begleitende Aus‐ und Weiterbildungsangebote den praktischen Zugang zu diesen Verfahren zu unterstützen. Ziel ist es, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen zu verdeutlichen sowie vor allem ihre Potenziale zu erschließen. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden allgemeine Grundlagen und die zukünftigen Arbeitsfelder des AK 2.15 vorgestellt. Ausgehend von der Einführung relevanter Fachbegriffe wird zunächst die Einbettung zuverlässigkeitsbasierter Verfahren in den aktuellen Normungs‐ und Regelungskontext aufgezeigt. Anschließend werden anhand des Lebenszyklus eines geotechnischen Bauwerks die Unsicherheiten in den geotechnischen Prognosen und Bewertungen beschrieben. Daran anknüpfend wird aufgezeigt, an welchen Stellen zuverlässigkeitsbasierte Methoden als mögliches Werkzeug sinnvoll genutzt werden können, um Ingenieur:innen, Bauherr:innen und Prüfer:innen in Nachweis‐ und Entscheidungsprozessen zu unterstützen. Zu den sich daraus ableitenden Arbeitsthemen werden durch den AK 2.15 zukünftig Empfehlungen erarbeitet und sukzessive veröffentlicht.
Association between early care and education centres policies and practices and children's healthy behaviours
Authors: Lee Yi‐Ting Hana , Zhang Qi , Elmontser Mohnd , Stevenson Elizabeth , Gazmararian Julie A.
Published: August 2023

Objective

To examine the impact of nutritional and physical activity (PA) policies and practices at early care and education centres on behavioural changes among children ages 2–5.

Methods

The study population included 586 children from 25 education centres throughout the state of Georgia. Policies and practices were measured using the Georgia Nutrition and PA Assessment at the start of school year in Fall 2017. Survey data were collected at the beginning of school year September/October 2017 and at the end of school year April/May 2018 to measure changes in children's nutritional and PA behaviour over the school year. We used generalised estimating equations to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Children at centres with a high nutrition assessment score had higher odds of increasing vegetable consumption (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1, 4.0) while the odds of increasing fruit (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.8, 2.4) and water (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.5, 2.7) consumption increased non‐significantly. The odds of improving PA were similar between children at centres with a high versus a low PA assessment score.

Conclusion

The results, though insignificant, indicate that policies and practices could influence children's health behaviours. Further research is warranted to examine whether improvements in policies and practices could explain changes in children's health behaviours, the impact of educator's knowledge on children's health behaviours and the implementation of and adherence to policy and practice improvement plans.
Distribution and chemotactic mechanism of CD4+ T cells in traumatic tracheal stenosis
Authors: Feng Tingmei , Chen Yan , Wei Jinmei , Tan Sen , Guangnan Liu
Published: August 2023

A systemic and local inflammatory immune imbalance is thought to be the cause of traumatic tracheal stenosis (TS). However, with CD4+ T lymphocytes being the predominant immune cells in TS, the mechanism of action and recruitment has not been described. In our research, using flow cytometry, ELISA, immunofluorescence, and Transwell chamber assays, the expression, distribution, and potential chemotactic function of CD4+ T cells in TS patients were examined before and after treatment. The results showed that the untreated group had significantly more CD4+ T cells and their secreted TGF‐β1 than the treated group. Additionally, the untreated group's CD4+ T cells showed a significant rise in CCL22 and CCL1, as well as a larger proportion of CCR4 and CCR8. CD4+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages located in TS also expressed CCL1 and CCL22. In vitro, anti‐CCL1 and anti‐CCL22 can partially block the chemoattractant effect of TS bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on purified CD4+ T cells. The findings of this study indicated that TS contained unbalanced CD4 immune cells that were actively recruited locally by CCR4/CCL22 and CCR8/CCL1. As a result, it is anticipated that CD4 immune rebalancing can serve as a novel treatment for TS.
Integrating technologies to provide comprehensive remote fetal surveillance: A prospective pilot study
Authors: Nir Omer , Dvir Gur , Galler Esther , Axelrod Michal , Farhi Adel , Barkai Galia , Weisz Boaz , Sivan Eyal , Mazaki Tovi Shali , Tsur Abraham
Published: August 2023

Objective

To determine the feasibility of extending remote maternal‐fetal care to include fetus well‐being.

Methods

The authors performed a prospective pilot study investigating low‐risk pregnant participants who were recruited at the time of their first full‐term in‐person visit and scheduled for a follow‐up telemedicine visit. Using novel self‐operated fetal monitoring and ultrasound devices, fetal heart monitoring and amniotic fluid volume measurements were obtained to complete a modified biophysical profile (mBPP). Total visit length was measured for both the in‐person first visit and the subsequent telemedicine encounter. A patient satisfaction survey form was obtained.

Results

Ten women between 40 + 1 and 40 + 6 weeks of gestation participated in telemedicine encounters. Nine women (90%) were able to complete remote mBPP assessment. For one participant, fetal assessment was not completed due to technically inconclusive fetal monitoring. Another participant was referred for additional assessment in the delivery room. Satisfactory amniotic fluid volume measurements were achieved in 100% of participants. The telemedicine encounter was significantly shorter (93.1 ± 33.1 min) than the in‐person visit (247.2 ± 104.7 min; P < 0.001). We observed high patient satisfaction.

Conclusion

Remote fetal well‐being assessment is feasible and time‐saving and results in high patient satisfaction. This novel paradigm of comprehensive remote maternal and fetal assessment is associated with important clinical, socioeconomic, and logistics advantages.
Hypervitaminosis D Secondary to a CYP24A1 Loss‐of‐Function Mutation: An Unusual Cause of Hypercalcemia in Two Siblings
Authors: Collins Lucy , Boehm Emma , Luxford Catherine , Clifton‐Bligh Roderick , Grill Vivian
Published: August 2023

Hypervitaminosis D as a cause of hypercalcemia may be due to vitamin D intoxication, granulomatous diseases, or abnormalities of vitamin D metabolism. The CYP24A1 gene encodes for the 24‐hydroxylase enzyme, which is responsible for the catabolism of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). Mutations in CYP24A1 can result in elevated 1,25(OH)2D causing parathyroid hormone (PTH)‐independent hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, nephrolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis. We present the cases of two siblings exhibiting hypercalcemia secondary to a CYP24A1 loss‐of‐function mutation. Case 1 presented initially with PTH‐dependent hypercalcemia, with localization of a left upper parathyroid adenoma on parathyroid technetium sestamibi (99mTc‐MIBI) uptake study. Despite parathyroidectomy (180 mg adenoma), hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and low normal PTH levels persisted. A repeat parathyroid 99mTc‐MIBI uptake study localized a second adenoma and a right inferior parathyroidectomy was performed (170 mg adenoma). PTH subsequently became undetectable, however hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria persisted. A new presentation of PTH‐independent hypercalcemia found to be secondary to a CYP24A1 loss‐of‐function mutation in his sibling, Case 2, signaled the underlying cause. Cascade testing confirmed both siblings were homozygous for the pathogenic variant c.1186C>T, p.Arg396Trp (R396W) of CYP24A1 (NM_000782.5). In clinical practice CYP24A1 loss‐of‐function mutations should be considered in patients presenting with PTH‐independent hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and 1,25(OH)2D levels in the upper normal or elevated range. Although in our case assays of 24,25(OH)2D were not available, calculation of the 25(OH)D:24,25(OH)2D ratio can assist in the diagnostic process. Possible treatments to manage the risk of hypercalcemia in patients with a CYP24A1 loss‐of‐function mutation include avoidance of vitamin D oversupplementation and excessive sun exposure. Hydration and bisphosphonate therapy can be useful in managing the hypercalcemia. Although not utilized in our cases, treatment with ketoconazole, fluconazole, and rifampicin have been described as potential therapeutic options. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effects of Moderate- to High-Impact Exercise Training on Bone Structure Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ng Carrie-Anne , Gandham Anoohya , Mesinovic Jakub , Owen Patrick J , Ebeling Peter R , Scott David
Published: August 2023

Moderate- to high-impact exercise improves bone mineral density (BMD) across the lifespan, but its effects on bone structure, which predicts fracture independent of areal BMD, are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated effects of impact exercise on volumetric BMD (vBMD) and bone structure. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science) were searched up to March 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of impact exercise, with ground reaction forces equal to or greater than running, compared with sham or habitual activity, on bone vBMD and structure. Bone variables were measured by quantitative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging at the tibia, radius, lumbar spine, and femur. Percentage changes in bone variables were compared among groups using mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated via random effects meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed in children/adolescents (<18 years), adults (18–50 years), postmenopausal women, and older men. Twenty-eight RCTs (n = 2985) were included. Across all studies, impact exercise improved trabecular vBMD at the distal tibia (MD = 0.54% [95% CI 0.17, 0.90%]), total vBMD at the proximal femur (3.11% [1.07, 5.14%]), and cortical thickness at the mid/proximal radius (1.78% [0.21, 3.36%]). There was no effect on vBMD and bone structure at the distal radius, femoral shaft, or lumbar spine across all studies or in any subgroup. In adults, impact exercise decreased mid/proximal tibia cortical vBMD (−0.20% [−0.24, −0.15%]). In postmenopausal women, impact exercise improved distal tibia trabecular vBMD (0.79% [0.32, 1.25%]). There was no effect on bone parameters in children/adolescents in overall analyses, and there were insufficient studies in older men to perform meta-analyses. Impact exercise may have beneficial effects on bone structure and vBMD at various skeletal sites, but additional high-quality RCTs in different age and sex subgroups are needed to identify optimal exercise protocols for improving bone health across the lifespan. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A novel pyrene‐based “off–on” fluorescent probe with high selectivity and sensitivity for Hg2+
Authors: Liang Qingxiang , Zhou Wu , Wu Aibin , Shu Wenming , Yu Weichu
Published: August 2023

In this article, a novel “off–on” fluorescent probe 2‐(pyren‐1‐ylmethylene)‐1H‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐dione (PID) for Hg2+ was designed and synthesized. The selectivity, concentration titration, pH titration, time dependence, limit of detection, and recognition mechanism of PID for Hg2+ in CH3CH2OH/H2O solution were also investigated. The results indicated that PID exhibited high selectivity, sensitivity, and fast response to Hg2+, and the limit of detection was as low as 20.7 nmol/L. In addition, PID could work in a wide pH range, and the determination of Hg2+ in water samples showed that it could be used as a potential detection tool in practical application.
Hepatic stellate cells induce an inflammatory phenotype in Kupffer cells via the release of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Geng Yana , Wang Junyu , Serna‐Salas Sandra Alejandra , Villanueva Alejandra Hernández , Buist‐Homan Manon , Arrese Marco , Olinga Peter , Blokzijl Hans , Moshage Han
Published: August 2023

Liver fibrosis is the response of the liver to chronic liver inflammation. The communication between the resident liver macrophages (Kupffer cells [KCs]) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has been mainly viewed as one‐directional: from KCs to HSCs with KCs promoting fibrogenesis. However, recent studies indicated that HSCs may function as a hub of intercellular communications. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of HSCs on the inflammatory phenotype of KCs. Primary rat HSCs and KCs were isolated from male Wistar rats. HSCs‐derived conditioned medium (CM) was harvested from different time intervals (Day 0−2: CM‐D2 and Day 5−7: CM‐D7) during the activation of HSCs. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from CM by ultracentrifugation and evaluated by nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot analysis. M1 and M2 markers of inflammation were measured by quantitative PCR and macrophage function by assessing phagocytic capacity. CM‐D2 significantly induced the inflammatory phenotype in KCs, but not CM‐D7. Neither CM‐D2 nor CM‐D7 affected the phagocytosis of KCs. Importantly, the proinflammatory effect of HSCs‐derived CM is mediated via EVs released from HSCs since EVs isolated from CM mimicked the effect of CM, whereas EV‐depleted CM lost its ability to induce a proinflammatory phenotype in KCs. In addition, when the activation of HSCs was inhibited, HSCs produced less EVs. Furthermore, the proinflammatory effects of CM and EVs are related to activating Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) in KCs. In conclusion, HSCs at an early stage of activation induce a proinflammatory phenotype in KCs via the release of EVs. This effect is absent in CM derived from HSCs at a later stage of activation and is dependent on the activation of TLR4 signaling pathway.