bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
D
esulfotalea
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fo.ta'le.a. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. fem. n.
talea
a rod; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfotalea
a sulfate‐reducing rod.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobulbia / Desulfobulbales / Desulfocapsaceae / Desulfotalea

Cells are large rods of variable length, 0.6–0.7 µm × 1.6–7.4 µm. Cells may be motile. Cells stain Gram‐negative. Spores are not formed. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs, using formate, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and alcohols as electron donors and also as carbon sources. Electron donors are incompletely oxidized, mainly to acetate. Chemolithoheterotrophs, using H
2
and acetate as electron donor and carbon source for sulfate reduction, correspondingly. Sulfate and ferric citrate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to sulfide and ferrous citrate, respectively. The type species can also use thiosulfate and sulfite as electron acceptors. Elemental sulfur, Fe(III)‐oxyhydroxide, nitrate, and nitrite are not used as electron acceptors. Fermentative growth on pyruvate and fumarate is possible. Obligately or facultatively psychrophilic. The temperature optimal for growth is 10–18°C, and growth still occurs in saltwater at −1.8°C. Neutrophilic. The optimal pH for growth is between 7.2 and 7.9. The species require sodium chloride and magnesium chloride, and optimal growth occurs at brackish or marine salt concentrations, depending on the strain. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. Vitamins are not required. Desulfoviridin is absent. The genus
Desulfotalea
contains two described species. Occur in permanently cold marine sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol %)
: 41.8–46.6 (LC, genome).

Type species
:
Desulfotalea psychrophila
Knoblauch, Sahm and Jørgensen 1999, 1641
VP
.
Lawsonia
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

Law.so'ni.a. N.L. fem. n.Lawsonianamed after Gordon H.K. Lawson, the Scottish veterinarian who first recognized the organism causing porcine proliferative enteropathy.

Proteobacteria / Deltaproteobacteria / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfovibrionaceae / Lawsonia

Curved, vibrioid, or occasionally straight rods, 0.25–0.4 µm × 1.25–1.75 µm. The morphology is influenced by age and environment; descriptions refer to organisms within naturally infected intestinal epithelial cells or freshly grown cocultures of intestinal epithelial cells. Gram‐stain‐negative. Single polar cellular appendages have been observed in some preparations of cocultured strains, with rapid darting motion apparent in active cultures. Endospores not formed. Obligately intracellular, cell dependent, and microaerophilic. The intracellular bacteria are located in the apical cytoplasm of infected enterocytes and are commonly associated with free ribosomes and mitochondria. Optimal temperature usually 35–37°C. Strains have demonstrated survival, but not growth, at lower temperatures. The organisms react with the IG4 monoclonal antibody shown to be specific forLawsoniaspp. A 16S rRNA signature sequence for the genus is 5′‐GAUUAAGAGGUGCCUUUCGGGGAGCCUCAA‐3′, corresponding to the nucleotide positions 1015–1042 of theEscherichia coli16S rRNA sequence. The genus contains one described species. Strains ofLawsoniaoccur in intestines of pigs and other animals; feces.Lawsonia intracellularisis the causal agent of proliferative enteropathy.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 33.2–33.3 (genome).

Type species:Lawsonia intracellularisMcOrist, Gebhart, Boid and Barns 1995a, 824VP.
N
itrosarchaeum
Authors: Tolar Bradley B. , Mosier Annika C. , Lund Marie B. , Francis Christopher A.
Published: October 2019

Ni.tros.ar.chae'um. N.L. adj.
nitrosus
nitrous; N.L. neut. n.
archaeum
(from Gr. adj.
archaios ‐ê ‐on
ancient); N.L. neut. n.
Nitrosarchaeum
a nitrite‐producing archaeon.

Thaumarchaeota / Nitrososphaeria / Nitrosopumilales / Nitrosopumilaceae / Nitrosarchaeum

Aerobic, mesophilic, neutrophilic, nonhalophilic, and autotrophic ammonia‐oxidizing archaea. Fixes carbon (CO
2
) through the thaumarchaeal 3‐hydroxypropionate/4‐hydroxybutyrate pathway and oxidizes ammonia to nitrite for energy via the archaeal ammonia monooxygenase enzyme. Single, small rod‐shaped cells with crystalline S‐layer. Some species motile via polar or subpolar flagellum and encode genes for chemotaxis. Reproduce by binary fission. Prefers growth in low‐salinity minimal media. Gene sequence phylogeny places
Nitrosarchaeum
within the
Nitrosopumilaceae
family, as defined by both 16S rRNA and
amoA
(encoding the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme α‐subunit). Members of the genus
Nitrosarchaeum
can be found in terrestrial and aquatic environments less saline than seawater, including soils, aquifers, estuaries, rivers, and lakes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 32.5–32.7 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Nitrosarchaeum koreense
(Jung, Park, Min, Kim, Rijpstra, Sinninghe et al., 2011) Jung, Islam, Gwak, Kim and Rhee 2018, 3092
VP
(
Candidatus
Nitrosoarchaeum koreensis Jung, Park, Min, Kim, Rijpstra, et al. 2011, 8645).
R
ubritepida
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Egas Conceição , da Costa Milton S.
Published: October 2019

Ru.bri.te'pi.da. L. masc. adj.
ruber
, red; L. masc. adj.
tepidus
, warm; N.L. fem. n.
Rubritepida
, the red‐warm one.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodospirillales / Acetobacteraceae / Rubritepida

Only one strain of one species of the genus
Rubritepida
, isolated from a hot spring in Hungary, has been characterized. This organism forms short rod‐shaped cells that stain Gram‐negative and are 0.7–1.2 µm in width and 1.4–1.7 µm in length. The cells are motile by means of one polar flagellum. Endospores are not observed, and the colonies are red pigmented. In liquid medium, the strain forms large aggregates that precipitate rapidly. The organism is slightly thermophilic with an optimum growth temperature of around 50°C. The organism appears to be mixotrophic because thiosulfate is oxidized to sulfate, but an increase in cell mass is not observed. The strain is strictly aerobic. Bacteriochlorophyll
a
and
puf
genes, as well as carotenoids, are present. Cytochrome
c
oxidase and catalase are positive. Cofactors are necessary for growth. Sugars, polyols, organic acids, and amino acids are used as carbon and energy sources. The major respiratory quinone is ubiquinone 9 (U‐9). The polar lipids profile consists of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), and two unidentified aminolipids (ALs), and the major fatty acids are C
16:0
, C
18:1
ω7
c
, C
19:0
cyclo ω8
c
, and a rare fatty acid identified as C
19:0
2‐OH cyclo ω8 (Δ11:12). Isolates have been obtained from hydrothermal areas.

DNA G + C content (%)
: 70.2 (HPLC), 73.4 (Genome).

Type species
:
Rubritepida flocculans
Alarico, Rainey, Empadinhas, Schumann, Nobre and da Costa 2002b, 1915
VP
(Effective publication: Alarico, Rainey, Empadinhas, Schumann, Nobre and da Costa 2002a, 204).
H
alodesulfovibrio
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

Ha.lo.de.sul.fo.vi'bri.o. Gr. masc. n.
hals halos
, salt; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfovibrio
, a bacterial genus; N.L. masc. n.
Halodesulfovibrio
, a salt loving
Desulfovibrio
.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfovibrionaceae / Halodesulfovibrio

Cells are vibrio shaped, 0.3–1.0 µm × 1.0–5.0 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Cells are motile by a single polar flagellum. Strictly anaerobic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs using simple organic compounds like lactate, pyruvate, alcohols, fumarate, and malate as electron donors and carbon sources; organic compounds are incompletely oxidized to acetate. Some species use amino acids and succinate. Most species can use H
2
(chemolithoheterotrophic growth) and formate as electron donors in the presence of acetate as an organic carbon source. Sulfate serves as terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to H
2
S. Some species can use also sulfite, thiosulfate, taurine, acrylate and fumarate as electron acceptors. Growth may occur by fermentation of pyruvate, malate, or fumarate. Mesophilic, the optimum temperature range for growth is 20–37°C. Media containing NaCl (at least 20 g/l) and a reductant are required for growth; some species need yeast extract. Occur in anoxic sediments of marine habitats and soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 45.0–46.2 (LC, genome).

Type species
:
Halodesulfovibrio aestuarii
Shivani, Subhash, Sasikala and Ramana 2017, 91
VP
.
D
esulfatirhabdium
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: October 2019

De.sul.fa'ti.rhab'di.um. L. pref.
de
from; N.L. masc. n.
sulfas ‐atis
sulfate; Gr. neut. n.
rhabdion
a little rod; N.L. neut. n.
Desulfatirhabdium
a sulfate‐reducing small rod.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfatirhabdiaceae / Desulfatirhabdium

Oval‐ to rod‐shaped rods, 1–1.3 µm × 2.6–3.5 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory and fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs, using formate, C
3
–C
18
straight‐chain fatty acids, some aromatic compounds, alcohols, succinate, fumarate, and pyruvate as carbon sources and electron donors; these are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
‐pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). For growth on H
2
+ CO
2
, acetate is required. Sulfate and thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Sulfite, sulfur, and nitrate are not used as terminal electron acceptors. Fermentative growth on pyruvate and crotonate. Mesophilic. Optimal growth temperature, 28–30°C. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. The genus
Desulfatirhabdium
contains one described species. The type strain of
Desulfatirhabdium
was isolated from an UASB reactor treating paper mill wastewater.
Desulfatirhabdium
strains. might occur in anoxic freshwater and brackish sediments.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.8 (genome).

Type species
:
Desulfatirhabdium butyrativorans
Balk, Altinbas, Rijpstra, Sinninghe Damsté and Stams 2008, 113
VP
.
Associations between violence, criminality, and cognitive control deficits among young men living in low resource communities in South Africa
Authors: Bantjes Jason , Rabie Stephan , Almirol Ellen , Gordon Sarah , Stewart Jackie , Goldbeck Cameron , Weiss Robert , Tomlinson Mark , Rotheram‐Borus Mary Jane
Published: October 2019

Despite empirical support for “Self‐control theory” in criminology, there is controversy about how self‐control should be operationalized. Working within the framework of “self‐control theory,” we investigated if violence and criminal behaviors are associated with nine distinct dimensions of cognitive control in a community sample of young men (n = 654) living in peri‐urban townships in South Africa. Cognitive control was assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Multivariate statistical analysis was used, to identify associations between violence and criminality, and deaggregated measures of nine distinct components of cognitive control. Fifteen percent of the sample reported recent violence, 27% had been in physical fights with family/friends in the preceding 6 months, 10% reported being arrested, 4% reported forced sexual contact, and 26% reported intimate partner violence (IPV). Controlling for substance use and sociodemographic variables, contact with the criminal justice system and violence were associated with deficits in all domains of cognitive control. Forced sexual contact was associated with behavioral dysregulation. IPV was associated with behavior dysregulation and executive control dysfunction. Future studies might utilize deaggregated measures of self‐control to provide further insight into links between particular components of cognitive control and various forms of offending and violence.
Developable Rotationally Symmetric Kirigami‐Based Structures as Sensor Platforms
Authors: Evke Erin E. , Meli Dilara , Shtein Max
Published: October 2019

Developable surfaces based on closed‐shape, planar, rotationally symmetric kirigami (RSK) sheets approximate 3D, globally curved surfaces upon (reversible) out‐of‐plane deflection. The distribution of stress and strain across the structure is characterized experimentally and by finite‐element analysis as a function of the material and cut parameters, enabling the integration with strain gauges to produce a wearable, conformal patch that can capture complex, multiaxis motion. Using the patch, real‐time tracking of shoulder joint and muscle behavior is demonstrated. The facile fabrication and unique properties of the RSK structures potentially enable wearable, textile‐integrated joint monitoring for athletic training, wellness, rehabilitation, feedback control for augmented mobility, motion of soft and traditional robotics, and other applications.
A Review on Additives for Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Shuang , Guan Yanjun , Sheng Yusong , Hu Yue , Rong Yaoguang , Mei Anyi , Han Hongwei
Published: October 2019

Additives are widely adopted for efficient, stable, and hysteresis‐free perovskite solar cells and play an important role in various breakthroughs of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein the various additives adopted for PSCs are reviewed and their functioning mechanism and influence on device performance is described. The main roles of additives, modulating morphology of perovskite films, stabilizing phase of formamidinium (FA) and cesium (Cs)‐based perovskites, adjusting energy level alignment in PSCs, suppressing nonradiative recombination in perovskites, eliminating hysteresis, enhancing operational stability of PSCs, are summarized.
A Heterogeneous Carbon Nitride–Nickel Photocatalyst for Efficient Low‐Temperature CO2 Methanation
Authors: Barrio Jesús , Mateo Diego , Albero Josep , García Hermenegildo , Shalom Menny
Published: October 2019

The Sabatier reaction, i.e., the hydrogenation of CO2 to methane (CH4) using hydrogen (H2), constitutes a potentially scalable method to store energy in a product with a high energy density. However, up to today, this reaction has been mainly thermally driven and conducted at high temperatures (typically 400–600 °C). Using light as a renewable energy source will allow for a more sustainable process by lowering the reaction temperature. Here, it is demonstrated that Ni nanoparticles support on graphitic carbon nitride (g‐CN) are a highly efficient and stable photocatalyst for the gas‐phase CO2 methanation at low temperature (150 °C). Detailed mechanistic studies reveal a very low activation energy for the reaction and high activity under visible light, leading to a remarkable and continuous CH4 production of 28 µmol g−1 h−1 of CH4 for 24 h.
Direct numerical simulation and experimental validation of flow resistivity of nonwoven fabric filter
Authors: Rozy Mohammad Irwan F. , Ueda Masaki , Fukasawa Tomonori , Ishigami Toru , Fukui Kunihiro
Published: October 2019

We numerically study and then experimentally validate the flow resistivity of commercial nonwoven fabric filters used for a bag filter system. To represent a realistic flow field inside the filters during simulation, a numerical method that coordinates the filter structure obtained by X‐ray computed tomography imaging with computational fluid dynamics using the immersed boundary method is developed. The effects of superficial velocity, porosity of the filter domain, and type of filter on pressure drop are investigated and analyzed based on Darcy's law. The predictions from our numerical method are quantitatively in good agreement with the experimental measurements. We demonstrate that the Kozeny constants of the filters can be estimated by utilizing the solid volume fraction. These results demonstrate that our simulation method can be used to clarify the effects of porosity, fiber arrangement, and fiber shape on the pressure drop. Finally, its application to water droplet permeation is demonstrated.
Impact of precarious work on neighborhood health: Concept mapping by a community/academic partnership
Authors: Velonis Alisa J. , Hebert‐Beirne Jeni , Conroy Lorraine M. , Hernandez Marcella , Castaneda Dolores , Forst Linda
Published: October 2019

Objective

As part of community‐based participatory research (CBPR) examining precarious employment and community health, academic, and community researchers used concept mapping to explore how residents in two high hardship neighborhoods perceive the impact of work on health.

Methods

Between January and May 2017, 292 individuals who lived or worked in two contiguous Chicago neighborhoods were engaged in brainstorming, sorting, and rating activities. Multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis were applied, and findings were interpreted by a community‐academic partnership.

Results

Brainstorming resulted in 55 unique ways that work impacts health, each of which was rated on its perceived impact on health and prevalence in the neighborhood. Four major themes emerged: Healthy Aspects of Work, Systemic/Structural Injustices, Lack of Control/Exploitation, and Psychological/Physical Stress, which was a multidimensional, cross‐cutting theme.

Conclusion

These findings provide critical insight into community perceptions of the mechanisms by which work influences health, providing a basis for community‐driven, sustainable, work‐focused interventions that promote community health.
Cyclic Alkenylsulfonyl Fluorides: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis and Functionalization of Compact Multifunctional Reagents
Authors: Lou Terry Shing‐Bong , Bagley Scott W. , Willis Michael C.
Published: October 2019

A series of low‐molecular‐weight, compact, and multifunctional cyclic alkenylsulfonyl fluorides were efficiently prepared from the corresponding alkenyl triflates. Palladium‐catalyzed sulfur dioxide insertion using the surrogate reagent DABSO effects sulfinate formation, before trapping with an F electrophile delivers the sulfonyl fluorides. A broad range of functional groups are tolerated, and a correspondingly large collection of derivatization reactions are possible on the products, including substitution at sulfur, conjugate addition, and N‐functionalization. Together, these attributes suggest that this method could find new applications in chemical biology.
Porous CuxCoyS Supraparticles for In Vivo Telomerase Imaging and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation
Authors: Li Si , Xu Liguang , Hao Changlong , Sun Maozhong , Wu Xiaoling , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai
Published: October 2019

In this study, we successfully synthesized CuxCoyS supraparticles (SPs) on the nanoscale featuring multiple pores inside and strong absorption from 400 to 900 nm. Porous CuxCoyS SPs produced the highest reactive oxygen species (ROS) yield (1.39) when illuminated with near‐infrared (NIR) light. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CuxCoyS SPs could be used to identify cancer cells through intracellular telomerase‐responsive fluorescence (FL) imaging in living cells. Because the CuxCoyS SPs were associated with telomerase‐responsive bioimaging and high ROS production, they can be efficiently used in the diagnosis and therapy of tumors with high selectivity and excellent therapeutic effects in vivo. This study provides a new vision for the creation of multifunctional SPs, which can be used as cellular sensors and control tools for pathologies across a broad range of biological systems.
Tunable triple‐shape memory composite fabricated by selective crosslinking of polycaprolactone/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/bentonite
Authors: Wu Xianyou , fu Chao , Tan Zhongyang , Gao Yixing , Ma Antong , Nie Wei , Ran Xianghai
Published: October 2019

In this work, we fabricated a triple‐shape memory polymeric composite (TSMPc) by electron beam irradiation of ε‐polycaprolactone (ε‐PCL)/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT)/bentonite(50/50/4) (wt %). The 95 ± 5 kGy was confirmed to be the saturated irradiation dose by both high‐temperature storage modulus and the equilibrated relaxation modulus at nonlinear elastic region. Further results demonstrated that sample exposed to 41.4 kGy exhibited excellent triple‐shape memory effect (TSME) though there existed slight plastic flow in PBAT. The two fixity ratios and total recovery ratio can be as high as 99.9, 98.3, and 94.7%. Besides, the strength of irradiated PBAT was improved because of the synergistic mechanical coupling effect from PCL and bentonite. In the meantime, this synergistic effect also improved the integral TSME and the stability of all shapes. Eventually, we made a comparison among the controllable factors, the crosslinking density and amount of deformation ΔεB → C were believed to have more influences on the stability of temporary shapes and the recovery behavior during the shape memory cycle “A → B → C → Br → Ar.” © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48577.
Preparation, structure, and properties of poly(ethyleneoxide)/lignin composites used for UV absorption
Authors: Wu Ruguang , Wang Shiwei , Leng Yuting , Li Qian
Published: October 2019

A composite of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lignin (Lg) was prepared and characterized for its utility as an ultraviolet (UV) absorbing material. Due to the extensive UV absorption and excellent oxidation‐resistance of Lg, the formation of hydrogen bonds between the Lg particles and the PEO molecular segments renders the Lg particles well‐dispersed in the PEO matrix. PEO/Lg composites with different Lg contents show that high levels of Lg could cause defects at the PEO/Lg composite interface. The viscosities of all composites were higher than that of pure PEO. Composite foams were further prepared under supercritical carbon dioxide conditions, all of which exhibited excellent UV‐absorption properties. This work provides a means toward convenient preparation of PEO composites with UV‐absorption ability and forms a theoretical basis for the dispersion of Lg in polymer matrices. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48593.
Molecular characterization and functional analysis of the vitellogenin receptor in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Miao Li‐Jun , Zhang Nan , Jiang Heng , Dong Fan , Yang Xue‐Mei , Xu Xin , Qian Kun , Meng Xiang‐Kun , Wang Jian‐Jun
Published: October 2019

As a member of the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) superfamily, vitellogenin (Vg) receptor (VgR) is responsible for the uptake of Vg into developing oocytes and is a potential target for pest control. Here, a full‐length VgR complementary DNA (named as CsVgR) was isolated and characterized in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis. The composite CsVgR gene contained an open reading frame of 5,484 bp encoding a protein of 1,827 amino acid residues. Structural analysis revealed that CsVgR contained two ligand‐binding domains (LBDs) with four Class A (LDLRA) repeats in LBD1 and seven in LBD2, which was structurally different from most non‐Lepidopteran insect VgRs having five repeats in LBD1 and eight in LBD2. The developmental expression analysis showed that CsVgR messenger RNA expression was first detectable in 3‐day‐old pupae, sharply increased in newly emerged female adults, and reached a peak in 2‐day‐old female adults. Consistent with most other insects VgRs, CsVgR was exclusively expressed in the ovary. Notably, injection of dsCsVgR into late pupae resulted in fewer follicles in the ovarioles as well as reduced fecundity, suggesting a critical role of CsVgR in female reproduction. These results may contribute to the development of RNA interference‐mediated disruption of reproduction as a control strategy of C. suppressalis.
On provenance studies of New Zealand obsidians: A pXRF‐based geochemical reference dataset and a review of analytical methods
Authors: MCALISTER ANDREW
Published: October 2019

Since the introduction of portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) technology to obsidian provenance research, the volume of published studies has increased exponentially. This proliferation of data creates unprecedented analytic opportunities for the development of higher level archaeological theory but, at the same time, presents methodological challenges. Here, it is argued that rigorous analytic procedures are required to keep pXRF‐based provenance studies in line with the best scientific practice; specifically, the generation of accurate compositional data, the compilation of comprehensive reference databases for robust source characterisation and the development of appropriate methods for artefact assignment are essential components of a reliable protocol. To these ends, a reference dataset for New Zealand obsidians containing over 1500 samples is reported in this paper, previous source assignment methods are reviewed and a selection of multivariate approaches are evaluated.
New online database of symbiotic variables: Symbiotics in X‐rays
Authors: Merc J. , Gális R. , Wolf M.
Published: October 2019

Symbiotic variable stars belong to an interesting class of interacting binary systems. Since the beginning of this century, the systematic search for these objects has begun, and such surveys have led to discoveries of many new objects and dozens of candidates in the Milky Way and the Local Group. As the latest catalogue of symbiotic binaries is almost two decades old, we decided to prepare a new, online database of the galactic and extragalactic symbiotic systems. These objects are also known for their X‐ray emission. For the purpose of this work, we have prepared a census of symbiotic binaries and their properties based on observations obtained by X‐ray satellites in the previous decades. As our review has shown, the X‐ray emission seems to be a common feature of symbiotic systems, preferentially detected from nearby sources.
Looking for fast optical bursts from FRB121102: Case study for a small telescopes with sub‐second temporal resolution
Authors: Karpov Sergey , Jelinek Martin , Štrobl Jan
Published: October 2019

To assess the potential of small telescopes for high temporal resolution astrophysics, we observed the field of FRB 121102 repeating source of fast radio bursts (FRBs) on a 50‐cm D50 telescope of Ondřejov observatory, equipped with a fast frame rate electron‐multiplying charge coupling device (EMCCD) detector. In three nights of observations, we did not detect any optical flares from the source, which allows us to place an upper limit of 10 mJy for brightness of possible fast optical events on a time scale of 10 ms. We also characterize the apparent brightness stability of field stars on the same time scale in order to investigate the potential of such telescopes for detecting faint optical variability on a subsecond time scale.
Prinz‐Eugen‐Park, München – facettenreicher Brandschutz in Deutschlands größter Holzbausiedlung
Authors: Merk Michael , Suttner Elisabeth
Published: October 2019

Von der Stadt München wurden im südlichen Teil des Neubaugebiets des Prinz‐Eugen‐Parks mehrere Baufelder als zusammenhängende ökologische Mustersiedlung ausgezeichnet. Hier entstehen rund 570 Wohnungen bzw. Nutzungseinheiten in Holzbauweise, um den Holzbau innerstädtisch zu etablieren und eine moderne nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung zu forcieren.

Zur Vorbereitung dieses Bauprojekts wurde seitens der Stadt München ein von der Deutschen Bundesstiftung Umwelt gefördertes Forschungsprojekt in Auftrag gegeben, welches planerische Grundlagen und Zielvorgaben schaffen sollte. Durch die Ruhr‐Universität Bochum und die Technische Universität München wurden u. a. Lösungsmöglichkeiten für die zu erwartenden, aus der Holzbauweise resultierenden bauordnungsrechtlichen Abweichungen erarbeitet und mit der lokalen Brandschutzdienststelle abgestimmt.

Durch das Ingenieurbüro Fire & Timber .Ing GmbH wurde für drei Baufelder die vollständige brandschutztechnische Ingenieurleistung (brandschutztechnische Entwurfs‐, Genehmigungs‐ und Ausführungsplanung sowie Fachbauleitung Brandschutz) übernommen. Zusätzlich wurde für ein weiteres Baufeld eine gutachterliche Beurteilung zur Ausführung der brennbaren Fassadenkonstruktion durchgeführt.

In dem nachfolgenden Aufsatz wird auf die verschiedenen eingesetzten Bauweisen mit Blick auf die zugehörigen brandschutztechnischen Anforderungen und Maßnahmen bezüglich der Verwendung von Holz und Holzwerkstoffen eingegangen.
Unraveling and resolving inefficient glucolipid biosurfactants production through quantitative multiomics analyses of Starmerella bombicola strains
Authors: Lodens Sofie , Roelants Sophie L.K.W. , Ciesielska Katarzyna , Geys Robin , Derynck Evelien , Maes Karolien , Pattyn Filip , Van Renterghem Lisa , Mottet Léopold , Dierickx Sven , Vanhaecke Lynn , Devreese Bart , De Maeseneire Sofie L. , Soetaert Wim
Published: October 2019

Glucolipids (GLs) are glycolipid biosurfactants with promising properties. These GLs are composed of glucose attached to a hydroxy fatty acid through a ω and/or ω‐1 glycosidic linkage. Up until today these interesting molecules could only be produced using an engineered Starmerella bombicola strain (∆ugtB1::URA3 G9) producing GLs instead of sophorolipids, albeit with a very low average productivity (0.01 g·L−1·h−1). In this study, we investigated the reason(s) for this via reverse‐transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Liquid chromatography‐multireaction monitoring‐mass spectrometry. We found that all glycolipid biosynthetic genes and enzymes were downregulated in the ∆ugtB1 G9 strain in comparison to the wild type. The underlying reason for this downregulation was further investigated by performing quantitative metabolome comparison of the ∆ugtB1 G9 strain with the wild type and two other engineered strains also tinkered in their glycolipid biosynthetic gene cluster. This analysis revealed a clear distortion of the entire metabolism of the ∆ugtB1 G9 strain compared to all the other strains. Because the parental strain of the former was a spontaneous ∆ura3 mutant potentially containing other “hidden” mutations, a new GL production strain was generated based on a rationally engineered ∆ura3 mutant (PT36). Indeed, a 50‐fold GL productivity increase (0.51 g·L−1·h−1) was obtained with the new ∆ugtB1::URA3 PT36 strain compared with the G9‐based strain (0.01 g·L−1·h−1) in a 10 L bioreactor experiment, yielding 118 g/L GLs instead of 8.39 g/L. Purification was investigated and basic properties of the purified GLs were determined. This study forms the base for further development and optimization of S. bombicola as a production platform strain for (new) biochemicals
TecDIY—Motivation methodology for the practical laboratories preparation and exams of electronics subject
Authors: Rodriguez‐Sanchez M. C. , Yahyaoui Imene , Arredondo B. , Martin D. , Vaquero J.
Published: October 2019

This proposal is concerned with a new methodology named Tecnology and Electronics—Do It Yourself (TECDIY) with the aim to motivate students of the first course of systems and multimedia engineering grade to prepare the practical laboratories and the exams of Physics and Electronics subject. The methodology consists in integrating projects‐based learning (‐) and the motivation for the practical laboratories and exams using preprepared videos, models adaptation of the theory, exercises, and problems preparation Gymkana. In addition, TECDIY methodology is supported by an attendance registration system, which allows the students assistance to class to be verified and controlled. The study is performed by comparing indicators, namely the predelivery of the laboratories theoretic calculations, the problems delivery, and assistance to class, performed in three academic years (2013–2014, 2014–2015, and 2015–2016). The results of applying this method demonstrate a significant increase of these indicators, which means the efficiency of TECDIY method in motivating the students to prepare the exam and the practical laboratories.
Injectable Ovalbumin‐Based Composite Implant for Photothermal Tumor Therapy
Authors: Zhang Jing , An Xiao , Zheng Yuting , Chen Yongkang , Wu Chenyao , Wang Shige
Published: October 2019

Polymeric hydrogels with three‐dimensional network structures have found tremendous applications in biomedicine. Herein, we report the synthesis of a multifunctional implant based on ovalbumin (OVA) as a carrier capable of synergistically delivering a photothermal transducing agent (polydopamine, PDA) to tumors. The formation of PDA was achieved by utilizing the basicity of OVA, whereas the formation of the hydrogel implant was achieved through the in vitro/in vivo near‐infrared (NIR) laser‐induced hyperthermia of PDA. The as‐prepared PDA@OVA implant exhibits high photothermal conversion efficiency (38.7 %). Once implanted in vivo, the OVA‐based implant shows great versatility in the treatment of malignant tumors. Furthermore, a chemotherapeutic (doxorubicin, DOX) and a contrast agent (iohexol), dispersed in the OVA solution in advance, can also be firmly entrapped in the hydrogel along with the hydrogel formation. It is anticipated that the multifunctional OVA‐based implant, not showing any obvious toxicity to healthy tissue, could be a promising system for synergistic cancer treatment.
Poly(2‐oxazoline)s with a 2,2′‐Iminodiacetate End Group Inhibit and Stabilize Laccase
Authors: Hijazi Montasser , Türkmen Esra , Tiller Joerg C.
Published: October 2019

Poly(2‐oxazoline)s (POxs) with 2,2′‐iminodiacetate (IDA) end groups were investigated as inhibitors for laccase. The polymers with the IDA end groups are reversible, competitive inhibitors for this enzyme. The IC50 values were found to be in a range of 1–3 mm. Compared with IDA alone, the activity was increased by a factor of more than 30; thus indicating that attaching a polymer chain to an inhibitor can already improve the activity of the former. The enzyme activity drops to practically zero upon increasing the concentration of the most active telechelic inhibitor, IDA‐PEtOx30‐IDA (PEtOx: poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)), from 5 to 8 mm. This unusual behavior was investigated by means of dynamic light scattering, which showed specific aggregation above 5 mm. Furthermore, the laccase could be stabilized in the presence of POx‐IDA, upon addition at a concentration of 20 mm and higher. Whereas laccase becomes completely inactive at room temperature after one week, the stabilized laccase is fully active for at least a month in aqueous solution.
Solid‐State 13C NMR Evidence for Long Multicenter Intradimer Bonding in Zwitterion‐like Structures
Authors: Elliott Alexander B. , Versfeld Geraldine , Halling Merrill D. , Miller Joel S. , Harper James K.
Published: October 2019

The principal values of the 13C chemical shift tensor for the β and δ polymorphs of π‐[TTF⋅⋅⋅TCNE] (TTF=tetrathiafulvalene; TCNE=tetracyanoethylene) have been analyzed to understand the abnormally long intra‐dimer bonding of singlet π‐[TTFδ+⋅⋅⋅TCNEδ−]. These structures possess 12 intradimer contacts <3.40 Å, with the shortest intra π‐[TTF⋅⋅⋅TCNE] separations involving 2‐center (2c) C−S and 3c C−C−C orbital overlap contributions between the [TTF]δ+ and [TCNE]δ−. This solid‐state NMR study compares the [TTF⋅⋅⋅TCNE] 13C tensor data against previously reported π‐[TTF]22+ and π‐[TCNE]22− homo‐dimers to determine how the tensor principal values change as a function of electronic structure for both TTF and TCNE moieties. In the β and δ phases of [TTF⋅⋅⋅TCNE], the TCNE ethylenic 13C shift tensors predict TCNE oxidation states of −0.46 and −0.73, respectively. The TTF sites are less similar to benchmark 13C data with the β‐phase differing primarily in the ethylenic π‐electrons. The δ form differs significantly from the homo‐dimer data at all principal values at both the ethylenic and CH sites, indicating changes to both the π‐electrons and σ‐bonds. In both hetero‐dimer phases, the NMR changes supports long bond formation at nitrile and CH sites not observed in homo‐dimers.
Rationalization of the Superior Anticancer Activity of Phenanthriplatin: An In‐Depth Computational Exploration
Authors: Dabbish Eslam , Russo Nino , Sicilia Emilia
Published: October 2019

In the effort to overcome issues of toxicity and resistance inherent to treatment by the approved platinum anticancer agents, a large number of cisplatin variants continues today to be prepared and tested. One of the applied strategies is to use monofunctional platinum complexes that, unlike traditional bifunctional compounds, are able to form only a single covalent bond with nuclear DNA. Chirality, aquation reaction, interaction with guanine and N‐acetyl methionine as well as, intercalation into, binding to and distortion of DNA have been investigated by using both quantum mechanical DFT and molecular dynamics computations aiming at contributing to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism underlying the significantly enhanced spectrum of activity of the monofunctional PtII drug phenanthriplatin. Analogous calculations have been performed in parallel for other two less potent monofunctional PtII drugs, pyriplatin and enpyriplatin, which show very different cytotoxic effects.
Defining the Scope of the Acid‐Catalyzed Glycosidation of Glycosyl Bromides
Authors: Singh Yashapal , Demchenko Alexei V.
Published: October 2019

Following the recent discovery that traditional silver(I) oxide‐promoted glycosidations of glycosyl bromides (Koenigs–Knorr reaction) can be greatly accelerated in the presence of catalytic TMSOTf, reported herein is a dedicated study of all major aspects of this reaction. A thorough investigation of numerous silver salts and careful refinement of the reaction conditions led to an improved mechanistic understanding. This, in turn, led to a significant reduction in the amount of silver salt required for these glycosylations. The progress of this reaction can be monitored by naked eye, and the completion of the reaction can be judged by the disappearance of characteristic dark color of Ag2O. Further evidence on higher reactivity of benzoylated α‐bromides in comparison to that of their benzylated counterparts has been acquired.
Essentielles Gift?…
Authors: Hatscher Deike
Published: October 2019

Man kann nicht mit (zu viel) – man kann nicht ohne!
Knochen für die Geschlechtsreife
Authors: Feil Sylvia
Published: October 2019

Der Europäische Aal gilt als stark gefährdet, wobei nicht allein Fischfang, Wasserkraftturbinen und eingeschleppte Parasiten verantwortlich sind, sondern wohl auch Schadstoffe wie toxische Metalle das Überleben des Nachwuchses gefährden. Mit Beginn ihrer Wanderung zurück aus Binnen‐ und Küstengewässern in den offenen Atlantik ändert sich neben äußerlich sichtbaren Merkmalen auch die Physiologie der Fische entscheidend: Mineralien aus den Knochen werden für den Aufbau und die Reifung der Geschlechtszellen verwendet. Eine internationale Studie untersuchte diese Umverteilung im Detail [1].
Haie auf dem Teller
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: October 2019

Obwohl Haie und Rochen zu den am stärksten gefährdeten Gruppen von Wirbeltieren gehören, landen viele von ihnen immer noch in unseren Fischfilets – oder in der Suppe. Analysen der DNA‐Barcodes können helfen, illegalen und betrügerischen Fischhandel zu bekämpfen, müssten aber in größerem Umfang eingesetzt werden.
Wenn Tintenkiller sauer wären
Authors: Emden Markus , Engel Simon , Kallinna Kirsten , Murer Livia , Hild Pitt
Published: October 2019

Anliegen der in loser Folge erscheinenden Versuche ist es, Impulse für chemische Experimente zu geben, die sich gefahrlos zu Hause mit haushaltsüblichen Gegenständen durchführen lassen. Sie können damit als Quelle dienen für das gemeinsame Ausprobieren mit Kindern zuhause, in Kindergärten oder an Schulen sowie zur Verwendung bei Tagen der offenen Tür. Ein Stückweit sind sie als Antwort auf den oft gehörten Satz zu verstehen: „Ach, Du bist Chemiker/in!? Dann mach doch mal ein Experiment.“
Turning it inside out: The organization of human septin heterooligomers
Authors: McMurray Michael A. , Thorner Jeremy
Published: October 2019

Septin family proteins are quite similar to each other both within and between eukaryotic species. Typically, multiple discrete septins co‐assemble into linear heterooligomers (usually hexameric or octameric rods) with a variety of cellular functions. We know little about how incorporation of different septins confers different properties to such complexes. This issue is especially acute in human cells where 13 separate septin gene products (often produced in multiple forms arising from alternative start codons and differential splicing) are expressed in a tissue‐specific manner. Based on sequence alignments and phylogenetic criteria, human septins fall into four distinct groups predictive of their interactions, that is, members of the same group appear to occupy the same position within oligomeric septin protomers, which are “palindromic” (have twofold rotational symmetry about a central homodimeric pair). Many such protomers are capable of end‐to‐end polymerization, generating filaments. Over a decade ago, a study using X‐ray crystallography and single‐particle electron microscopy deduced the arrangement within recombinant heterohexamers comprising representatives of three human septin groups—SEPT2, SEPT6, and SEPT7. This model greatly influenced subsequent studies of human and other septin complexes, including how incorporating a septin from a fourth group forms heterooctamers, as first observed in budding yeast. Two recent studies, including one in this issue ofCytoskeleton, provide clear evidence that, in fact, the organization of subunits within human septin heterohexamers and heterooctamers is inverted relative to the original model. These findings are discussed here in a broader context, including possible causes for the initial confusion.
Metal‐Organic Framework‐Templated Hollow Co3O4/C with Controllable Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Chen Hongxu , Wang Jiawen , Liu Huajian , Lv Enjun , Zhu Zhenwang , Gao Junkuo , Yao Juming
Published: October 2019

Hydrogen production from water splitting is one of the effective methods to solve energy and environmental problems. However, the large overpotential of oxygen evolution reactions (OER) seriously impedes their development and application. Therefore, it is crucial to find a catalyst with low cost and high stability for OER. Herein, we report a simple method to fabricate a series of porous catalysts encapsulated with Co3O4 nanoparticles by carbonizing and then oxidizing MOF precursors, which can regulate and produce a large number of oxygen vacancies. The overpotentials of Z67‐Co3O4/C‐4 and Z9‐Co3O4/C‐4 are only 353 and 349 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 60 and 67 mV dec−1, respectively. These excellent properties can be attributed to the graphite carbon and unique hollow structure, as well as more water molecules adsorbed by oxygen vacancies, which effectively improve the conductivity and electron transfer and further promote OER activity. Thus, this preparation strategy can be applied to various MOF catalysts to regulate oxygen vacancies and thereby expanding their application in a wider range of fields.
A Probe of Valence and Conduction Band Electronic Structure of Lead Oxide Films for Photodetectors
Authors: Qamar Amir , Amin Muhammad Ruhul , Grynko Oleksandr , Semeniuk Oleksii , Reznik Alla , Moewes Alexander
Published: October 2019

We investigate how the electronic structure of amorphous lead oxide (a‐PbO) films deposited on ITO substrate is changed after annealing at various temperatures. Both experimental soft X‐ray spectroscopic and density functional theory (DFT) based computational techniques are used to explore the electronic structure of this material. X‐ray emission, resonant X‐ray inelastic scattering, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopic techniques are employed to directly probe the valence and conduction bands. We discover that the films are very stable and remain amorphous when exposed to temperatures below 300 °C. An amorphous‐to‐polycrystalline (α‐PbO phase) transformation occurs during annealing at 400 °C. At 500 °C, an alpha to beta phase change is observed. These structural modifications are accompanied by the band gap value changing from 1.4±0.2 eV to 2.0±0.2 eV upon annealing at 400 °C and to 2.6±0.2 eV upon annealing at 500 °C. A difference between surface and bulk structural properties is found for all samples annealed at 500 °C and above; these samples also exhibit an unexpected suppression of O : 2p density of states (DOS) near the bottom of the conduction band, whereas additional electronic states appear well within the valence band. This study provides a significant step forward to understanding the electronic properties of two polymorphic forms of PbO needed for optimization of this material for use in X‐ray sensors.
Cardiovascular outcomes and mortality after initiation of canagliflozin: Analyses from the EASEL Study
Authors: Udell Jacob A. , Yuan Zhong , Ryan Patrick , Rush Toni , Sicignano Nicholas M. , Galitz Michael , Rosenthal Norman
Published: October 2019

Introduction

In the EASEL study of patients with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular risk, initiation of sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events and mortality and higher risk of below‐knee lower extremity (BKLE) amputation versus non‐SGLT2i therapies. This analysis further examined risk of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular and noncardiovascular death and BKLE amputation with the SGLT2i canagliflozin versus non‐SGLT2i.

Methods

New user cohorts were constructed from Department of Defense Military Health System patients initiating canagliflozin or non‐SGLT2i (4/1/2013‐12/31/2016). Propensity score matching (1:1) controlled for imbalances in baseline covariates. Incidence rates, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for time to first composite outcome of all‐cause mortality (ACM) and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), composite major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and individual components were evaluated using conditional Cox models. The National Death Index was used to differentiate cardiovascular from noncardiovascular death. The exploratory safety end‐point was BKLE amputation.

Results

After propensity matching, 15 394 patients with well‐balanced baseline covariates were followed for a median of 2.03 years (intent‐to‐treat). Canagliflozin showed significant benefit for ACM and HHF (P < .0001), MACE (P = .0001), cardiovascular death (P < .0001) and noncardiovascular death (P = .0018). No significant difference in risk of BKLE amputation was observed (P = .20), though few events were observed. Results were generally consistent in on‐treatment analyses.

Conclusions

In this high cardiovascular risk cohort studied in routine clinical practice, canagliflozin was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events, cardiovascular death and all‐cause mortality with no significant increase in BKLE amputation risk versus non‐SGLT2i.