bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rosenthal Fiber Encephalopathy in a Dog Resembling Alexander Disease in Humans
Authors: Alemañ N. , Marcaccini A. , Espino L. , Bermúdez R. , Nieto J. M. , López-Peña M.
Published: November 2006

A young male Bernese mountain dog presented with neurologic abnormalities consisting of nonambulatory tetraparesis, generalized tremors, and depressed mental status. At necropsy only a mild enlargement of the lateral ventricles was seen. The histologic examination revealed the presence of eosinophilic deposits consistent with Rosenthal fibers (RFs) throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. There was also a marked proliferation of abnormally large astrocytes and limited myelin changes. RFs were most prominent in perivascular, subpial, and subependymal areas, where they were perpendicularly located, producing a pallisaded arrangement. immunohistochemically, RFs were strongly positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and when they were examined ultrastructurally they appeared as electron-dense amorphous masses located within the processes of astrocytes, most particularly in the perivascular feet. The histologic and immunohistochemical findings of this canine case were consistent with the published neuropathologic descriptions of Alexander disease in humans and in a few dogs, a rare condition that in humans has been shown to be caused by dominant mutations in the GFAP gene.
Primary Chondrosarcoma in the Liver of a Dog
Authors: Chikata S. , Nakamura S. , Katayama R. , Yanagisawa S. , Matsuo Y. , Yamane I. , Takahashi K.
Published: November 2006

Primary chondrosarcoma was found in the quadrate lobe of the liver of a 6-year-old, intact, male Golden Retriever. At 6 months after partial hepatectomy, recurrence in the liver occurred. The dog died of its systemic metastases 10 months thereafter. Histologically, the hepatic mass revealed neoplastic chondrocytes with abundant chondroid matrix, and there were few myxoid areas where the cellularity and pleomorphism of the neoplastic cells were more prominent. The neoplastic cells were positive for periodic acid-Schiff and were immunohistochemically positive for vimentin and S-100 protein; the matrix was deeply stained for alcian blue and was metachromatic for toluidine blue stain. This tumor might be derived from pluripotent mesenchymal cells in the connective tissue of the liver. To the best of our knowledge, in all mammalians, including humans, this is the first report of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma primarily arising in the liver.
Marine Mammal Neoplasia: A Review
Authors: Newman S. J. , Smith S. A.
Published: November 2006

A review of the published literature indicates that marine mammal neoplasia includes the types and distributions of tumors seen in domestic species. A routine collection of samples from marine mammal species is hampered, and, hence, the literature is principally composed of reports from early whaling expeditions, captive zoo mammals, and epizootics that affect larger numbers of animals from a specific geographic location. The latter instances are most important, because many of these long-lived, free-ranging marine mammals may act as environmental sentinels for the health of the oceans. Examination of large numbers of mortalities reveals incidental proliferative and neoplastic conditions and, less commonly, identifies specific malignant cancers that can alter population dynamics. The best example of these is the presumptive herpesvirus-associated metastatic genital carcinomas found in California sea lions. Studies of tissues from St. Lawrence estuary beluga whales have demonstrated a high incidence of neoplasia and produced evidence that environmental contamination with high levels of polychlorinated biphenols and dichlorophenyl trichloroethane might be the cause. In addition, viruses are suspected to be the cause of gastric papillomas in belugas and cutaneous papillomas in Florida manatees and harbor porpoises. While experimental laboratory procedures can further elucidate mechanisms of neoplasia, continued pathologic examination of marine mammals will also be necessary to follow trends in wild populations.
The Pathology of Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD) in Tasmanian Devils (Sarcophilus harrisii)
Authors: Loh R. , Bergfeld J. , Hayes D. , O'Hara A. , Pyecroft S. , Raidal S. , Sharpe R.
Published: November 2006

A disfiguring and debilitating neoplastic condition known as devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) has been discovered in wild Tasmanian Devils ( Sarcophilus harrisii) across 51% of its natural range, with population declines of up to 80% in some areas (C. Hawkins, personal communication). Between 2001 and 2004, 91 cases were examined. The tumors presented as large, solid, soft tissue masses usually with flattened, centrally ulcerated, and exudative surfaces. They were typically multicentric, appearing first in the oral, face, or neck regions. Histologically, the tumors were composed of circumscribed to infiltrative nodular aggregates of round to spindle-shaped cells, often within a pseudocapsule and divided into lobules by delicate fibrous septae. They were locally aggressive and metastasized in 65% of cases. There was minimal cytologic differentiation among the tumor cell population under light and electron microscopic examination. The results indicate DFTD to be an undifferentiated soft tissue neoplasm.
Clinical, Laboratory, and Histopathologic Features of Equine Lymphoma
Authors: Meyer J. , DeLay J. , Bienzle D.
Published: November 2006

Clinical, laboratory and tissue findings from 37 horses with lymphoma were investigated. Horses ranged in age from 0.3 to 20.5 years (median 5.0 years) and included 18 females and 19 males. Weight loss ( n = 25) and ventral edema ( n = 21) were the most common historical and physical abnormalities. The most common laboratory abnormalities were hyperfibrinogenemia ( n = 26), hypoalbuminemia ( n = 19), anemia ( n = 19), leukemia ( n = 14), hyperglobulinemia ( n = 13), and thrombocytopenia ( n = 13). Thirty-four tumors involved multiple lymphoid tissues and abdominal or thoracic organs, and 3 tumors were restricted to cutaneous and subcutaneous sites. Histopathologically, all tumors diffusely effaced normal lymph node architecture. Tumor cell morphology was heterogeneous in 17 tumors, and 8 tumors had marked histiocytic and multinucleated giant cell infiltrates. Extensive necrosis or focal fibrosis was present in 22 and 4 lymphomas, respectively. Staining of tumor sections with antibodies against CD3 and CD79α molecules resulted in classification of T-cell ( n = 26) or B-cell ( n = 7) origin. Four tumors could not be classified. Most T-cell tumors comprised small to medium CD3+ lymphocytes, whereas 5 of 7 B-cell tumors were infiltrated by numerous small T lymphocytes and classified as T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma. Neither estrogen nor progesterone receptor expression was consistently identified by immunochemical assessment of tumor tissues. Fresh tumor cells from 6 horses bound antibodies reactive with equine CD4, CD5, CD8, CD21, or major histocompatibility class II molecules, confirming T-cell ( n = 5) or B-cell origin ( n = 1). These findings suggest that T-cell lymphoma is more common than B-cell lymphoma in horses and that inflammation, possibly from tumor cytokine production, is frequent.
Experimental Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Infection in Horses: Effect of Route of Inoculation and Virus Serotype
Authors: Howerth E. W. , Mead D. G. , Mueller P. O. , Duncan L. , Murphy M. D. , Stallknecht D. E.
Published: November 2006

Horses were inoculated with Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey and Indiana viruses by routes simulating contact and vector transmission. Clinical signs, lesions, antibody development, viral shedding and persistence, and viremia were monitored. Horses were infected with both viruses by all routes as confirmed by seroconversion. Salivation, primary lesions at inoculation sites, and secondary oral lesions were the most common clinical findings. Viral shedding was most often from the oral cavity, followed by the nasal cavity; titers were highest from oral cavity samples. Virus was rarely isolated from the conjunctival sac and never from feces or blood. Development of neutralizing antibody coincided with cessation of lesion development and detection of virus by isolation. Circulating virus-specific IgM, IgG, IgA, and neutralizing antibodies developed in most animals postinoculation (PI) days 6 to 12, depending on the route of inoculation. At postmortem (PI days 12 to 15), lesions were healing, were not vesicular, and did not contain detectable virus by isolation, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, or immunohistochemistry. Numerous infiltrating lymphocytes and plasma cells suggested that lesion resolution was partially due to local immunity. Detection of viral RNA from tonsil and lymph nodes of head at necropsy suggests that these tissues play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease; molecular techniques targeting these tissues may be useful for confirming infection in resolving stages of disease. The routes of inoculation used in this study reflect the diversity of transmission routes that may occur during outbreaks and can be used to further study contact and vector transmission, vaccine development, and clarify pathogenesis of the disease in horses.
Reproduction of Severe Gastroesophageal Ulcers (GEU) in Gnotobiotic Swine Infected with Porcine Helicobacter pylori-like Bacteria
Authors: Krakowka S. , Ellis J.
Published: November 2006

Groups of gnotobiotic piglets were orally inoculated at 3 days of age with either Helicobacter heilmannii (Hh) or a newly described porcine-origin gastric Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-like bacterium. Three Hh-infected and 6 porcine Hp-like-infected swine were fed a milk replacement diet containing 5-10% (v/v) sterile corn syrup as a dietary source of fermentable carbohydrate. None of the piglets infected with Hh and supplemented with corn syrup developed gastric mucosal ulcers; 2 developed small erosive lesions in the pars esophagea. In contrast, all 6 dietary carbohydratesupplemented Hp-like-infected swine developed severe gastroesophageal ulcers; 1 of these exsanguinated into the stomach and died before the end of the experiment. Four of these 6 piglets had grossly evident partially digested blood in the intestinal lumens, indicative of bleeding into the gastrointestinal tract from the stomach. These data suggest that a high carbohydrate diet and gastric colonization by porcine Hp-like bacteria facilitate development of clinically significant gastroesophageal ulcers.
Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor, and Their Receptors (Flt-1, Flk-1, and Flg-1) in Canine Vascular Tumors
Authors: Yonemaru K. , Sakai H. , Murakami M. , Yanai T. , Masegi T.
Published: November 2006

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors (flt-1 and flk-1), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) and hemangiomas was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, expression of the mRNAs of VEGF, flt-1, flk-1, and flg-1 (a receptor for bFGF), was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) with cRNA probes. VEGF, bFGF, flt-1, and flk-1 were immunohistochemically detected in the neoplastic cells in HSAs; the staining intensity was stronger in HSAs than in hemangiomas. On the other hand, the neoplastic cells in hemangiomas exhibited very weak or no expression of VEGF, although they showed moderate expression of flt-1 and flk-1. The mRNAs of VEGF, flt-1, flk-1, and flg-1 were detected in the neoplastic cells in HSAs by ISH and RT-PCR. However, VEGF mRNA was not detectable in the neoplastic cells in hemangiomas by ISH, although it was detected in the inflammatory cells in the tumors by RT-PCR. Moreover, the HSAs that showed intense staining for flk-1 had a high proliferative activity, which was reflected as a high Ki-67 positive index. These results suggest that the expression of the growth factors and their receptors, especially flk-1, might be associated with the malignant proliferation of HSAs.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Mx Protein Expression in Canine Encephalitides
Authors: Porter B. F. , Ambrus A. , Storts R. W.
Published: November 2006

Mx proteins are a group of interferon-induced GTPases whose expression has been demonstrated in a number of human viral infections and in some idiopathic inflammatory diseases. In this study, the expression of Mx protein was evaluated in known viral, nonviral, and idiopathic encephalitides in the dog via immunohistochemistry using an antibody against human MxA. All 12 cases of confirmed viral encephalitis, including 7 cases of canine distemper, 4 cases of canine herpesvirus, and 1 case of rabies, were Mx positive. In canine distemper cases, staining was particularly strong and a variety of cell types were positive, including astrocytes, macrophages/microglia, and neurons. Immunoreactivity for Mx protein was evident in a few cases of nonviral infectious encephalitis, including neosporosis (1/1), Chagas disease (2/3), aspergillosis (1/2), and encephalitozoonosis (1/1). Consistent staining was observed in most cases of idiopathic encephalitis, including granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (7/7), necrotizing meningoencephalitis of pug dogs (6/7), and necrotizing encephalitis of the Yorkshire Terrier (3/3) and Maltese (1/1) breeds. Mx staining was negative in 5 normal dog brains; 3 cases of cryptococcosis; and single cases of blastomycosis, protothecosis, and bacterial meningitis.
Void Ratio-Suction Behavior of Remolded Ariake Clays
Authors: Hong Zhenshun
Published: November 2006

A series of oedometer tests were performed on remolded or reconstituted Ariake clays. The test data can be well interpreted by a straight line in the bilogarithmic ln f∼log p plot. The suction pressure p0 of remolded or reconstituted Ariake clays are determined by back extrapolation of the oedometer test curve to the initial void ratio e0. The void ratio at liquid limit eL is a powerful index of normalizing the relationships of initial void ratio e0 and suction pressure p0 for various remolded or reconstituted Ariake clays with different liquid limits. The normalized relationship between the normalized index e0/eL and suction pressure p0 is responsible for sensitivity of one. The existing oedometer data of remolded or reconstituted soils in literature are also compiled to compare with the proposed unique relationship between e0/eL and p0.
Effects of Patient and Surgical Alignment Variables on Kinematics in TKR Simulation Under Force-Control
Authors: Haider H , Walker P , DesJardins J , Blunn G
Published: November 2006

Simulation of total knee replacement (TKR) is typically achieved by integrating sliding/rolling motions and loads between the implant's articulating surfaces during an activity cycle such as walking. Clinically, however, important variations in implant alignment and duty occur due to variability in patient anatomy/arthritic deformity, compounded by choices or errors in surgical installation. This study investigated the effects of the activity cycle severity, frontal plane alignment, relative femoral/tibial component rotational position, and the tightness of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Seven different (four fixedbearing and three mobile-bearing) cruciate-retaining TKRs with different inherent constraints were tested on a force-control knee simulator. As well as the ISO standard wave forms for walking, an Enhanced Duty Cycle was used. The resulting anterior-posterior displacements and axial rotations were increased with the Enhanced Duty Cycle. Changing the line of action of the compressive force in the frontal plane (varus-valgus over/under-correction) did not appreciably change the kinematics. Rotating the tibial component shifted the rotational curves in the same direction as the misalignment. The PCL tightness produced the most noticeable effect on kinematics; a tight PCL reduced both displacements and rotations, and a loose PCL did the opposite.
Pavement Deformation Characteristics under Repeated Aircraft Loading with Fixed Wander Sequence
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Kasthurirangan , Gomez-Ramirez Franco , Thompson Marshall R.
Published: November 2006

Full-scale traffic testing was conducted at the Federal Aviation Administration’s National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF) using Boeing 777 (B777) and Boeing 747 (B747) simulated test gears on flexible pavement test sections until they were deemed to be failed. An inertial profiling device was used to measure the transverse surface profiles at frequent intervals during NAPTF trafficking. Results from the multi-depth deflectometers (MDDs) installed within the test pavements were used to monitor the cumulative permanent deformations. The MDD results showed that the sequence of repetitive aircraft gear loads with different wander positions used at NAPTF led to contractive/dilative permanent deformation behavior, especially in the unbound pavement layers. The magnitudes of MDD residual responses were dependent on the position of the traffic gear, the previous traffic history, and the direction of traffic (east/west). These results suggest that reliable prediction of permanent deformation in airport flexible pavements is a highly challenging task owing to the complexities arising from aircraft loading sequence, gear offset and gear offset sequence, and climatic conditions.
Monitoring Hole Quality in a Drilling Process Using a Fuzzy Subtractive Clustering-based System Identification Method
Authors: Hayajneh Mohammed T. , Radaideh Saleh. M.
Published: November 2006

In this study, a subtractive clustering fuzzy identification method and a Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system are used to monitor the hole quality in a drilling. The model for the hole quality is identified by using the hardness of the workpiece, the cutting speed, and the cutting feed as input data and the hole quality features of hole roughness, roundness error, and oversize error as the output data. The process of model building is carried out by using subtractive clustering in both the input and output spaces. A minimum error model is obtained through exhaustive search of the clustering parameters. The fuzzy model obtained is capable of predicting the hole quality for a given set of inputs (hardness of the workpiece, the cutting speed, and the cutting feed). Therefore, one can predict the quality of the drilled hole for a given set of working parameters. The fuzzy model is verified experimentally using different sets of inputs. This study deals with the experimental results obtained during drilling on medium carbon steel (AISI 1060), aluminum, and brass.
Laboratory-based Unified Permanent Deformation Model for Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixtures
Authors: Hajj Elie Y. , Siddharthan Raj V. , Sebaaly Peter E. , Weitzel Dean
Published: November 2006

Conventionally, the resistance of hot-mixed asphalt (HMA) mixtures to permanent deformation is measured by repeated load triaxial (RLT) or repeated shear at constant height (RSCH) testing. The data from these tests have been treated as independent datasets in the prediction of rutting potential in HMA layers. This paper presents a unified permanent deformation model using response measurements made from both tests. The new model quantifies the accumulated permanent shear strain as a function of number of load cycles and factor of safety (FOS). The factor of safety is defined in the q-p space and is evaluated based on the applied stresses and triaxial compression strength properties (cohesion and angle of internal friction). For the specific mixture used in this study, a good correlation was found between the cumulative permanent shear strain and the FOS level, irrespective of the stress conditions and the type of test used.
Improvement of effectiveness in maize breeding
Authors: Pepó P.
Published: November 2006

Plant regeneration via tissue culture is becoming increasingly more common in monocots such as maize (Zea mays L.). Pollen (gametophytic) selection for resistance to aflatoxin in maize can greatly facilitate recurrent selection and the screening of germplasm for resistance at much less cost and in a shorter time than field testing. In vivo and in vitro techniques have been integrated in maize breeding programmes to obtain desirable agronomic attributes, enhance the genes responsible for them and speed up the breeding process. The efficiency of anther and tissue cultures in maize and wheat has reached the stage where they can be used in breeding programmes to some extent and many new cultivars produced by genetic manipulation have now reached the market.
Harmonization of VCU testing methods for maize varieties in a European context
Authors: Van Waes J.
Published: November 2006

In the European Community, a new variety of an agricultural crop must be submitted for official trials for DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity, Stability) and VCU (Value for Cultivation and Use) before commercialization. The guidelines for these tests are summarized in the European directive 70/457/EU (1970), revised in 2002 (2002/53/EU).  At present each EU country has a separate system for VCU testing. The EU directive stipulates that the VCU value must be satisfactory. The term “satisfactory” can be interpreted in different ways, so the level for admission for the same varieties may differ greatly between countries. For the market this can lead to a different assortment of varieties, adapted for the same ecological regions, but distributed over several countries. The different steps, from acceptance of a variety for trials, through the organization, the evaluation of parameters during the growing season, harvest modalities and data processing to the criteria for registration in Belgium are presented in the paper, followed by an analysis of the registration procedure in Belgium in comparison with other countries  Thereafter, a proposal is given for harmonization and international cooperation in the VCU testing of varieties adapted to comparable ecological regions of neighbouring countries and with the same crop exploitation and use of the final product. For these varieties it is important that nearly the same rules are used for the registration of VCU value. The basis for successful international cooperation is a good knowledge of the national systems, searching for similarities and finding a solution for differences.
Evaluation of South African sorghum landraces and breeding of varieties suitable for low-input agriculture
Authors: Uptmoor R. , Wenzel W. G. , Abu Assar A. H. , Donaldson G. ,   et al.
Published: November 2006

A large number of sorghum landraces possessing superior grain quality but poor yield potential are cultivated in South Africa, where sorghum is of regional importance as a main staple food. Agronomic traits of landraces and newly developed breeding lines from Southern Africa were evaluated under low-input and optimal conditions. Molecular evaluation was carried out on the basis of AFLPs and SSRs. The accessions clustered into two groups. Mean genetic similarity was estimated at 0.85 using AFLPs and 0.31 using SSRs. Genetic diversity was calculated at H=0.136 and DI=0.597 for landraces and H=0.140 and DI=0.580 for breeding varieties. The most promising accessions concerning yielding ability and grain quality were selected and introduced to a breeding programme.
Swiss maize landraces - Early vigour adaptation to cool conditions
Authors: Peter R. , Eschholz T. W. , Stamp P. , Liedgens M.
Published: November 2006

Due to their good early vigour, Swiss maize landraces have been used extensively to develop the Flint Pool of European hybrid-breeding programmes. However, the basis of good early vigour, especially under cool conditions, has not been elucidated. Of 166 pre-screened Swiss maize landraces, 17 contrasting accessions were tested together with two control accessions, a German landrace and a modern hybrid cultivar with proven good early vigour, at sites in the midlands and the foothills of the Alps in Switzerland. To investigate early vigour, photosynthesis, leaf greenness and plant growth were recorded. Compared to the modern standard hybrid cultivar, northern accessions showed superior early vigour under cold stress in the field for all traits examined in these experiments, whereas these traits were much less pronounced in southern accessions. In particular, some accessions from the Rhine valley seem to be promising sources of early vigour for use in breeding programmes. These findings support the hypothesis that long-term selection resulted in the adaptation of maize landraces to their local environment. Compared to the phylogenetic tree, it is evident that accessions with superior early vigour are related to each other and originated in the Rhine valley.
Hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploids: Comparison between selection criteria
Authors: Longin C. F. H. , Utz H. F. , Melchinger A. E. , Reif J.C.
Published: November 2006

The optimum allocation of breeding resources is crucial for the efficiency of breeding programmes. The objectives were to (i) compare selection gain ΔGkfor finite and infinite sample sizes, (ii) compare ΔGkand the probability of identifying superior hybrids (Pk), and (iii) determine the optimum allocation of the number of hybrids and test locations in hybrid maize breeding using doubled haploids. Infinite compared to finite sample sizes led to almost identical optimum allocation of test resources, but to an inflation of ΔGk. This inflation decreased as the budget and the number of finally selected hybrids increased. A reasonablePkwas reached for hybrids belonging to theq= 1% best of the population. The optimum allocations forPk(q)and ΔGkwere similar, indicating thatPk(q)is promising for optimizing breeding programmes.
Comparative study between the effects of hyaluronic acid and acid galactan purified from eggs of the mollusk Pomacea sp in wound healing
Authors: Cruz Ana Katarina Menezes da , Pereira Wogelsanger Oliveira , Santos Elizeu Antunes dos , Carvalho Maria Goretti Freire , Medeiros Aldo da Cunha , Oliveira Fernanda Wanderley de
Published: November 2006

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) and of AG on the healing of intestine wounds. METHODS: The semi-purified extract of the eggs of the mollusc was obtained by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and purification for ion-exchange chromatography. The obtained galactans were eluted in water (neutral galactan) and in 0.1 and 0.2M NaCl (acidic galactans). The in vivo study was performed with 45 "Wistar" rats, separated in three groups (n=15). Solutions containing HA 1%, GA 1% or saline solution 0,9%, was placed topically on the sutures of wounds in the small intestine of the rats. After 05, 10 and 21 days the animals were sacrificed and biopsy of the healing tissue was done. RESULTS: The hystologic grading was more significant for HA and AG groups when compared to the group C. AG stimulated the appearance of macrophages, giant cells and increase in the concentration of collagen in the area of the wound when compared to HA. CONCLUSION: The topical use of GA in intestinal wounds promoted the anticipation of events that are important in the wound healing.
Comportamento do estresse oxidativo e da capacidade antioxidante total em ratos submetidos a retalhos cutâneos isquêmicos
Authors: Cymrot Moacir , Percário Sandro , Ferreira Lydia Masako
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Estudar o comportamento do estresse oxidativo (MDA) e da defesa antioxidante (CAT), em fragmentos de retalhos cutâneos randômicos isquêmicos em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 18 ratos adultos jovens, machos (Wistar EPM-1, 290 a 350g), submetidos à elevação de retalho cutâneo de base cranial no dorso, divididos em três grupos (N=6) em função do tempo pós-operatório: imediato (POI), terceiro e sétimo dias (PO3 e PO7, respectivamente). Ao final, foram coletadas amostras de sangue periférico e fragmentos de tecido do retalho e de área cutânea normal fora do retalho para dosagem de MDA e de CAT. RESULTADOS: Para MDA no soro, o grupo POI apresentou valores significativamente menores que os grupos PO3 e PO7, os quais não diferiram entre si. Não foi encontrada diferença entre os valores das amostras cutâneas em nenhum dos três grupos estudados. Para os valores da capacidade antioxidante total (CAT) não houve diferença significante entre os três grupos, quando analisado o soro dos animais, no entanto, para as amostras de fragmentos cutâneos, os valores diminuíram significativamente em função do tempo. CONCLUSÃO: A inexistência de diferença para os valores de MDA nas amostras cutâneas entre os grupos e a diminuição dos valores da CAT ao longo do tempo sugere que a presença de necrose na porção distal dos retalhos dos animais do grupo PO7 decorra, não somente da agressão oxidativa, mas também da diminuição da capacidade de defesa antioxidante local.
Estudo da motilidade espontânea de segmentos de cólon ascendente, transverso e descendente de ratos, em banhos fisiológicos para órgãos isolados
Authors: Sales Francisco Rodrigues de , Silva Alcino Lázaro da
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Identificar as diferenças na freqüência, amplitude de contrações, traçados negativos e forma das ondas. MÉTODOS: Fez-se um estudo da motilidade espontânea de segmentos de cólon ascendente, transverso e descendente de ratas, em banhos fisiológicos para órgãos isolados. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se grande variabilidade de freqüências e amplitudes das contrações registradas. Embora tenha havido predominância de contrações fortes no cólon descendente e de contrações menores no cólon transverso, todos os tipos de ondas foram encontrados nos três segmentos. CONCLUSÕES: O cólon apresenta motilidade muito variável, não permitindo identificar padrão característico inconfundível para cada um dos três segmentos, ascendente, transverso e descendente. O cólon transverso apresentou maior quantidade de traçados negativos, menor amplitude de contrações e menor freqüência de contrações. O cólon descendente apresentou o menor número de traçados negativos e a maior média de amplitude de contrações dos três segmentos.
Análise clínica e morfológica da conjuntivite alérgica induzida por ovalbumina e tratada com chalcona em cobaias
Authors: Albuquerque Rosemary Jorge de Mendonça , Rodrigues Lusmar Veras , Viana Glauce Socorro de Barros
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Verificar, do ponto de vista clínico e morfológico, o efeito da chalcona na conjuntivite alérgica induzida por ovalbumina em cobaias. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se 54 cobaias, albinos, machos pesando aproximadamente 400 g. Os animais foram sensibilizados por injeção intraperitoneal de ovalbumina suspensa em solução adjuvante completa de Freund. Posteriormente, a conjuntivite alérgica foi induzida por instilação de ovalbumina no saco conjuntival do olho direito. Os animais foram distribuídos em 3 grupos, conforme o tratamento proposto: chalcona, corticóide e salina. A avaliação clínica foi realizada com 5, 10 e 40 min, 7 e 24 h da indução e diariamente até o dia 7 da indução. A avaliação morfológica consistiu em avaliar edema, necrose, vascularização e exocitose nos dias 1, 3 e 7 da indução. RESULTADOS: Em todos os grupos a resposta inflamatória foi mais intensa 24 h após a indução. No grupo chalcona evidenciou-se menos sinais inflamatórios que no grupo salina. O grupo corticóide apresentou menos sinais inflamatórios quando comparados aos grupos chalcona e controle. À análise morfológica evidenciou-se que os grupos chalcona e corticóide apresentaram efeitos terapêuticos semelhantes. CONCLUSÃO: A chalcona teve efeito terapêutico na conjuntivite alérgica induzida por ovalbumina.
Adaptação do modelo experimental de colestase extra-hepática em ratos jovens
Authors: Battochio Ana Paula Ronquesel , Santos Adriane Gasparino dos , Silva Cynthia R. Matos , Rocha Analícia S. , Coelho Cláudio A. R.
Published: November 2006

Os autores descrevem a adaptação da técnica de ligadura e ressecção do ducto biliar comum descrita na literatura, enfatizando suas vantagens na recuperação pós-cirúrgica. Este trabalho foi realizado no Laboratório Experimental do Departamento de Pediatria da FMB-UNESP.
The effects of topical application of sunflower-seed oil on open wound healing in lambs
Authors: Marques Silvio Romero , Peixoto Christina A. , Messias Júlio Brando , Albuquerque Alessandra Ribeiro de , Silva Junior Valdemiro Amaro da
Published: November 2006

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the effects of the use of sunflower seed oil on the treatment of skin wounds. METHODS: Eighteen male Saint Inês lambs were divided in 3 groups according to the pos-operative (7, 14 and 21 days). After antisepsis and local anestesia, two 4cm² wounds on each side of the thoracic region, close to the scapule were surgically produced. The experimental wounds were treated with sunflower seed oil, with high concentration of linoleic acid (LA), and the control ones with sterilized Vaseline. Biopsies of the pos-operative wounds tissue were performed on the 7th, 14th, 21st days and histologically evaluated. RESULTS: Topic application of sunflower seed oil accelerated healing process at the 7th and 21st days, reducing wound area and increasing wound contraction. Granulation tissue increased faster on treated wounds. The epidermis of the treated wounds was completely recovered when compared to control wounds. CONCLUSION: The topic use of sunflower seed oil accelerated the healing process, and it can be used as an alternative therapy on second intention wound healing.
Digital morphometric analysis of the aortic wall in pigs following implantation of dacron-covered stents versus non-covered stents
Authors: Dutra Clandio de Freitas , Pereira Adamastor Humberto
Published: November 2006

PURPOSE: To evaluate, by digital morphometry, the intimal thickening after the placement of two different kinds of stents: polyester covered stainless steel stents (Dacron) and non-covered stents implanted in young pigs' infrarenal aortas. METHODS: The experiment was carried out on two separate groups of pigs. Eight polyester-covered stainless steel stents (Dacron) and eight stainless steel stents (30-mm long, 8-mm diameter) were deployed through extraperitoneal approach in the normal infrarenal aorta of 16 normolipemic pigs. To allow the passage of the delivery system, a small arteriotomy was performed (phase I). After four weeks, the aorta with the stent was removed en bloc. (phase II). The values of the hematimetric and lipid analysis did not show any changes that could influence the study. Tissue samples of the fixing sites (proximal and distal) of the stents were taken. Microscope slices were prepared and submitted to Verhoeff's hematoxilin and eosin techniques and sent to morphometric analysis. RESULTS: The intima immediately proximal to the device was thicker in the group of covered stents with marginal significance (p=0.054). The distal intimal layer (p=0.185), proximal medial layer of the proximal portion (p=0.141) and distal portion (p=0.375) did not present statistical difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patency was 100% in both groups of these normolipemic pigs. After four weeks the intimal layer immediately proximal to the covered stents was ticker when compared to uncovered stents, but this had a borderline significance. The intimal layer distal to covered stents and the media proximal or distal to the devices had similar morphometric features when covered and uncovered stents where compared.
Increase of gastric area and weight gain in rats submitted to the ingestion of gasified water
Authors: Santiago José Roberto Ferreira , Kobayasi Shoiti , Granjeiro José Mauro
Published: November 2006

PURPOSE: Due to the progressive increasing in the use of gasified drinks and weight gain in the Brazilian population, in addition to the fact that carbonic gas is present in all soft drinks, an experimental study was conducted using rats as the subject to investigate the effects of gasified water in the hydric ingestion and food intake, weight gain, gastric area, blood sugar, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. METHODS: Four groups of 12 rats were studied for 36 days while receiving the following daily diet, four times per day: Group 1 - 35g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20ml of non-gasified water; Group 2 - 35g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20 ml of gasified water; Group 3 - 10g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20ml of non-gasified water; and Group 4 - 10g/day of rat food "ad libitum" and 20ml of gasified water. RESULTS: The results showed that the animals submitted to the treatment with gasified water (Groups 2 and 4), presented a larger volume of hydric ingestion and significant increase of the gastric area (p<0,001). In group 2, the food intake and the weight gain were significant (p<0,01). Blood sugar, hematocrit and hemoglobin data didn't show significant alterations among the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The authors of this study concluded that gasified water favored the hydric ingestion, food intake, and weight gain, as well as expanded the gastric area.
Efeitos da ligadura do ducto pancreático e da secção ductal com livre drenagem de secreções para o peritônio sobre as funções endócrina e exócrina do pâncreas: estudo clínico e laboratorial em coelhos
Authors: Kuczynski Lauro Bogodar , Spadella César Tadeu , Padovanni Carlos Roberto
Published: November 2006

As ressecções pancreáticas seguidas de anastomoses acompanham-se de altas taxas de morbidade, que incluem: surtos de pancreatite e, principalmente, fístulas digestivas. Nos transplantes pancreáticos a drenagem da parte exócrina do enxerto para o intestino ou para a bexiga, além das peculiaridades técnicas, também não é isenta de diversas complicações. Visando evitar ou atenuar tais conseqüências e simplificar a técnica cirúrgica, têm sido usadas outras abordagens para o tratamento ductal do coto/enxerto pancreático, tais como: drenagem livre de secreções para o peritônio, com o ducto pancreático aberto, ligadura ductal e oclusão do ducto com polímeros sintéticos. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo visa avaliar clínica e laboratorialmente as funções endócrina e exócrina do pâncreas de coelhos com o ducto aberto e ligado. MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas 150 operações, divididas em 3 grupos: N - manipulação/controle (n=50), A - grupo aberto (n=50), e L - ligado (n=50). Os momentos de observação foram pré-operatório, dia 0 (dia da operação) e pós-operatório (observação e sacrifício): 7 dias, 14 dias, 28 dias, 90 dias e 180 dias. Os parâmetros analisados foram: estado geral, atividade, controles do peso corporal, ingestão hídrica, ingestão alimentar e dosagens da amilase sangüínea, glicemia, glicose urinária e insulina plasmática. RESULTADOS: Todos os grupos tiveram evolução clínica similar, com bom estado geral, ganho ponderal progressivo e valores normais da ingestão hídrica e ingestão alimentar. Exceto uma significativa elevação da amilase sangüínea nas primeiras 24-48h para os 2 grupos com interferência ductal, não houve qualquer alteração dos níveis basais da glicemia, glicosúria e insulinemia entre os 3 grupos experimentais, em todos os momentos de observação. CONCLUSÃO: À exceção da amilase sangüínea, cujos níveis basais foram significativamente elevados no 1º e 2º dias de pós-operatório, as duas modalidades técnicas de abordagem da secreção exócrina do pâncreas, utilizadas em coelhos, não determinaram quaisquer alterações clínicas, bem como dos níveis basais de glicose sangüínea, glicose urinária e insulina plasmática, durante 6 meses de seguimento.
Estudo manométrico do esôfago distal de gatos anestesiados com tiopental sódico
Authors: Santos Carlos Eduardo Meirelles dos , Henry Maria Aparecida Coelho de Arruda , Rahal Sheila Canevesse , Lerco Mauro Masson
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Obter o padrão de normalidade da pressão e comprimento do esfíncter inferior do esôfago (EIE) em gatos anestesiados com tiopental e analisar a viabilidade prática do anestésico para uso neste tipo de investigação sobre atividade motora do esôfago de felinos. MÉTODOS: Em 12 gatos anestesiados com tiopental sódico foram realizados estudos manométricos do EIE, com leitura por perfusão em três canais radiais. Foram avaliadas as pressões e comprimentos do EIE. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios da pressão e comprimento do EIE foram 33,52 ± 12,42 mmHg e 1,6 ± 0,4 cm, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível estabelecer valor de referência para a pressão e comprimento do EIE de felinos, com uma contenção e retorno confortáveis para o animal, utilizando o tiopental sódico como agente anestésico.
Avaliação de parâmetros de cicatrização no cólon de ratos diabéticos sem agressão cirúrgica
Authors: Ortolan Erika Veruska Paiva , Spadella César Tadeu , Machado José Lúcio Martins , Kobayasi Shoiti
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Existem poucos estudos na literatura utilizando parâmetros de cicatrização em animais diabéticos antes da agressão cirúrgica e nenhum estudo no colon. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar se o diabetes induzido pela aloxana poderia primariamente modificar parâmetros comumente usados para medir a cicatrização de anastomoses do colon de ratos, em animais sem injúria cirúrgica. MÉTODOS: 180 ratos foram divididos em 2 grupos de animais, um controle e o outro de animais diabéticos. Os animais foram considerados diabéticos se apresentaram glicemia>200mg/dl e glicose urinária>3000mg/dl. Após 3 meses, os 2 grupos foram avaliados em 6 momentos de sacrifício quando foram analisdos os parâmetros relacionados ao diabetes (glicemia, glicose urinária e insulina plasmática) e à cicatrização (força de ruptura, hidroxiprolina, proteína tecidual total e a relação HOP/PTT). RESULTADOS: A aloxana 2% causou 42,3% de mortalidade e 72,4% de diabetes grave. Todos os animai no gruo diabético apresentaram glicemia>300mg/dl, glicose urinária>3000mg/dl e significante decréscimo na insulina plamática. Nem a força de ruptura, nem as dosagens de HOP e PTT mostraram alterações estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados do nosso estudo sugeriram que o diabetes não pode primariamente alterar parâmetros comumente usados para medir a cicatrização em colon de animais diabéticos antes da injúria cirúrgica.
Hand-sewn and stapled esophageal anastomosis: experimental study in dogs
Authors: Caporossi Cervantes , Cecconello Ivan , Aguilar-Nascimento José Eduardo , Venço Filadelfio , Gama-Rodrigues Joaquim José
Published: November 2006

PURPOSE: To compare experimentally, the healing of cervical oesophageal anastomoses performed either with stapler or 2-layer hand-sewn sutures. METHODS: Thirty six dogs were randomised to two groups: stapled anastomoses (n = 18); hand-sewn anastomoses (n = 18). Each group was divided into three subgroups, corresponding to the day of sacrifice (3rd, 7th and 14th postoperative day). Healing was assessed by: a) anatopathology b) anastomotic resistance to bursting pressure test; c) quantification of hidroxyproline RESULTS: Group 1 heal by second intention, group 2 showed a healing by first intention. Bursting pressure was similar between groups at day 3, though group 1 animals showed it significantly higher at day 7and day 14 compared with group 2. Statiscally, there were no interaction between the day of sacrifice and groups, as well as there was no difference among the dates of observation regarding the results of hidroxyproline CONCLUSIONS: a) mechanical suture is more resistant than hand-sewn; b) In stapler anastomoses, healing was as secondary union, whereas in hand-sewn anastomoses, healing was by first intention; c) no correlation was found in the results of bursting pressure and hidroxyproline quantification.
Estudo artroscópico da articulação do joelho em cadáveres de cães
Authors: Tatarunas Angélica Cecília , Matera Julia Maria
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: avaliar a técnica artroscópica da articulação do joelho em cadáveres de cães quanto as dificuldades técnicas, possibilidade de visibilização das estruturas intra-articulares e complicações. MÉTODOS: utilizaram-se os portais infrapatelar lateral para o artroscópio (2.7 mm) e medial para o instrumental em 48 articulações. RESULTADOS: Todas as estruturas intra-articulares propostas foram passíveis de visibilização. Complicações consistiram de lesões iatrogênicas, obstrução do campo de visão pelo coxim adiposo infrapatelar e infiltração periarticular. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento em cadáver é de vital importância para a superação das dificuldades inerentes da técnica.
A ação do polímero de mamona durante a neoformação óssea
Authors: Leonel Elaine Cristina de Freitas , Porciúncula Hélio Ferraz , Andrade Sobrinho Josias de , Ramalho Lizete Toledo de Oliveira , Mangilli Paulo Davison , Rapoport Abrão
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Devido à importância da cicatrização dos defeitos que venham a acometer os tecidos ósseos, este estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar a ação do polímero de mamona durante a neoformação óssea. MÉTODOS: Para isto, um grupo de 45 ratos foi utilizado. Realizou-se a criação de um defeito ósseo na região do arco zigomático de todos os animais, sendo que todos estes defeitos foram preenchidos com o polímero de mamona. Decorridos períodos de 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e seguiram-se as tramitações laboratoriais de rotina para análise histológica. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que o polímero de mamona auxiliou no processo cicatricial. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que o polímero de mamona auxiliou no processo regenerativo do defeito ósseo criado experimentalmente, atuando como um agente osteocondutor.
Biocompatibilidade do cimento de fosfato de cálcio implantado no rádio de coelhos
Authors: Moraes Paola Castro , Padilha Filho João Guilherme , Canola Júlio Carlos , Santos Luis Alberto dos , Macoris Delphin da Graça , Alessi Antônio Carlos , Castro Márcio Botelho de , Dória Neto Francisco de Assis
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a biocompatibilidade do cimento de fosfato de cálcio, para verificar sua eficácia como possível substituto ósseo. MÉTODOS: No presente trabalho, foi utilizado cimento de fosfato de cálcio em rádio de 8 coelhos, separados em dois grupos (GI e GII), referentes aos tempos de observação de 12 e 26 semanas pós-operatórias, a fim de se observar as reações entre este biomaterial e o tecido ósseo do animal. Foram feitas análises radiográficas e de densitometria óptica, além de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura. RESULTADOS: Observou-se, ao final do experimento, que o cimento à base de fosfato de cálcio foi parcialmente reabsorvido durante o tempo de observação de 26 semanas, apresentando biocompatibilidade, com ausência de reações indesejáveis que pudessem ser atribuídas aos implantes. CONCLUSÕES: O cimento à base de fosfato de cálcio foi biocompatível e parcialmente reabsorvido no período de 26 semanas de observação. Tempos maiores de observação são necessários para a avaliação da reabsorção.
Análise histológica da viabilidade do transplante autólogo de hemi-ovário em retroperitônio de ratos
Authors: d'Acampora Armando José , Tramonte Ricardo , Manoel Fabrício Silva , Schmidt Rogério Rodrigues , Muller Cyro Trindade , Silva Heitor Tognoli e , Oliveira Andressa , Raymundi Silvia Dobes
Published: November 2006

OBJETIVO: Analisar a presença de sinais morfológicos indicativos de restabelecimento da função ovariana em hemi-ovários autotransplantados em retroperitônio de ratos Wistar. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 48 animais, previamente ooforectomizados bilateralmente. Distribuídos em 6 subgrupos, de acordo com o tempo pós-operatório no qual foram submetidos a retirada das peças a serem histologicamente analisadas, sendo em seguida submetidos a sacrifício. As peças foram fixadas em formol a 10 % por 24 horas, a 4º C, sendo então incluídas em parafina. Foram obtidos de cada peça 5 cortes semi-seriados de 10 micrômetros de espessura, no sentido transversal do ovário. RESULTADOS: Os parâmetros morfométricos analisados foram a presença ou ausência de folículos ovarianos, neoformação vascular, corpos lúteos e tecido de granulação. Os resultados das análises demonstraram presença de folículos ovarianos em vários estágios de desenvolvimento, corpos lúteos e neoformação vascular em todos os grupos analisados. Demonstraram também presença de tecido de granulação (infiltrado inflamatório), predominando nos grupos experimentais com menor tempo de pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: Foi possível concluir então que os ovários implantados apresentavam características morfológicas de ovários viáveis, indicando que a implantação permitiu a manutenção dos mesmos no retroperitônio das ratas.