bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean in the Northern Alxa Block (NW China)
Authors: Tian Rongsong , Xie Guoai , Zhu Wenbin , Zhang Jin , Gao Shuang , Zhang Beihang , Zhao Heng , Li Tian
Published: August 2020

The northern Alxa Block occupies a key position in the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and records late Paleozoic subduction and closure processes of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean (PAO). However, there are still controversies regarding the timing and location of the final closure of the PAO. This study presents structural deformation data and geochronological and geochemical data for Permian volcanic rocks, as well as detrital zircon provenance analysis of Permian sedimentary rocks along the Nuoergong‐Langshan Zone (NLZ) in the northern Alxa Block. During the early to middle Permian, the PAO lithospheric slab subducted beneath the northern Alxa Block, rendering a continental volcanic arc in the NLZ and also giving rise to extensive folding, thrusting, and crustal thickening. The crustal thickening in the NLZ may trigger the early Permian magmatic flare‐up that constructed much of the continental arc plutons. In the middle to late Permian, a retroarc foreland basin was formed, within which the Dahongshan Formation deposited. Significant active tectonic movements led to regional unconformity occurring during this period. A large‐scale dextral ductile shear deformation in the NLZ resulting from the lateral extrusion of the thickened crust after the terminal amalgamation of the southern CAOB was constrained between 272 and 249 Ma, suggesting a late Permian tectonic transition from compression to transpression. Combining these findings with published data, we suggest that the final consumption of the PAO occurred in the late Permian, probably along the Enger Us suture zone in the northern margin Alxa Block.
Drag Coefficient of Emergent Flexible Vegetation in Steady Nonuniform Flow
Authors: Zhang Yonggang , Wang Ping , Cheng Jinhua , Wang Wei‐Jie , Zeng Li , Wang Bin
Published: August 2020

Flexible vegetation plays key roles in the natural channel and riparian ecology. This paper investigates the drag coefficient Cdf of an emergent flexible vegetation array in a steady nonuniform flow. Laboratory flume tests of five vegetation densities exposed to a constant flow rate were conducted, and the variation in the water surface was accurately measured. The Saint‐Venant equation was applied to explore vegetation hydrodynamics under nonuniform conditions, and a more widely applicable formula for the vegetated drag of nonuniform flow was proposed. Furthermore, the flexible drag coefficient factor αb was used to represent the flexibility and drag reconfiguration, which were explored from the perspective of material mechanics. The results reveal that the calculated values of Cdf exhibit nonmonotonic variation with increasing Reynolds number along the streamwise direction due to the flow nonuniformity. There are two effects of blockage and sheltering in the emergent vegetated patch: The blockage effect increases the drag coefficient, while the sheltering effect—especially at the leading edge and tail of the vegetated patch—reduces the drag of the flexible canopy due to bending deformation. These two effects achieve equilibration in dense flexible canopies. Finally, by relating αb to flexibility through the slenderness Cauchy number CYS, a nonmonotonic pattern can be obtained for each test. A fitting formula was proposed based on αb as a function of CYS. The results presented in this study can potentially support applications related to the plant flexible dams and vegetated filter strips for river ecosystems.
AUF1 promotes stemness in human mammary epithelial cells through stabilization of the EMT transcription factors TWIST1 and SNAIL1
Authors: AlAhmari Manar M. , Al-Khalaf Huda H. , Al-Mohanna Falah H. , Ghebeh Hazem , Aboussekhra Abdelilah
Published: August 2020

The AU-rich element RNA-binding protein 1 (AUF1) is an RNA-binding protein, which can both stabilize and destabilize the transcripts of several cancer-related genes. Since epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the acquisition of cancer stem cell traits are important for cancer onset and progression, we sought to determine the role of AUF1 in these two important processes. We have shown that AUF1 induces EMT and stemness in breast epithelial cells via stabilization of the SNAIL1 and TWIST1 mRNAs, and their consequent upregulation. Indeed, AUF1 binds the transcripts of these two genes at their 3′UTR and reduces their turnover. Ectopic expression of AUF1 also promoted stemness in mammary epithelial cells, and thereby increased the proportion of cancer stem cells. Importantly, breast cancer cells that ectopically express AUF1 were more efficient in forming orthotopic tumor xenografts in nude mice than their corresponding controls with limiting cell inocula. On the other hand, AUF1 downregulation with specific siRNA inhibited EMT and reduced the stemness features in breast cancer cells. Moreover, AUF1 knockdown sensitized breast cancer cells to the killing effect of cisplatin. Together, these findings provide clear evidence that AUF1 is an important inducer of the EMT process through stabilization of SNAIL1 and TWIST1 and the consequent promotion of breast cancer stem cells. Thereby, AUF1 targeted molecules could constitute efficient therapeutics for breast cancer patients.
Geospatial epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus in a tropical setting: an enabling digital surveillance platform
Authors: Wozniak T. M. , Cuningham W. , Buchanan S. , Coulter S. , Baird R. W. , Nimmo G. R. , Blyth C. C. , Tong S. Y. C. , Currie B. J. , Ralph A. P.
Published: August 2020

Delivery of information to clinicians on evolving antimicrobial susceptibility needs to be accurate for the local needs, up-to-date and readily available at point of care. In northern Australia, bacterial infection rates are high but resistance to first- and second-line antibiotics is poorly described and currently-available datasets exclude primary healthcare data. We aimed to develop an online geospatial and interactive platform for aggregating, analysing and disseminating data on regional bacterial pathogen susceptibility. We report the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus as an example of the power of digital platforms to tackle the growing spread of antimicrobial resistance in a high-burden, geographically-sparse region and beyond. We developed an online geospatial platform called HOTspots that visualises antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and temporal trends. Data on clinically-important bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility profiles were sought from retrospectively identified clinical specimens submitted to three participating pathology providers (96 unique tertiary and primary healthcare centres, n = 1,006,238 tests) between January 2008 and December 2017. Here we present data on S. aureus only. Data were available on specimen type, date and location of collection. Regions from the Australian Bureau of Statistics were used to provide spatial localisation. The online platform provides an engaging visual representation of spatial heterogeneity, demonstrating striking geographical variation in S. aureus susceptibility across northern Australia. Methicillin resistance rates vary from 46% in the west to 26% in the east. Plots generated by the platform show temporal trends in proportions of S. aureus resistant to methicillin and other antimicrobials across the three jurisdictions of northern Australia. A quarter of all, and up to 35% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) blood isolates in parts of the northern Australia were resistant to inducible-clindamycin. Clindamycin resistance rates in MRSA are worryingly high in regions of northern Australia and are a local impediment to empirical use of this agent for community MRSA. Visualising routinely collected laboratory data with digital platforms, allows clinicians, public health physicians and guideline developers to monitor and respond to antimicrobial resistance in a timely manner. Deployment of this platform into clinical practice supports national and global efforts to innovate traditional disease surveillance systems with the use of digital technology and to provide practical solutions to reducing the threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Fatty acid-like Pt(iv) prodrugs overcome cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by harnessing CD36
Authors: Jayawardhana Amarasooriya M. D. S. , Stilgenbauer Morgan , Datta Payel , Qiu Zihan , Mckenzie Sarine , Wang Han , Bowers David , Kurokawa Manabu , Zheng Yao-Rong
Published: August 2020

The fatty acid-like Pt(iv) prodrugs act as a “Trojan horse” to exploit upregulated CD36 receptors to facilitate their entry to ovarian cancer cells.
Flow through negatively charged, nanoporous membranes separates Li+ and K+ due to induced electromigration
Authors: Tang Chao , Yaroshchuk Andriy , Bruening Merlin L.
Published: August 2020

Flow through negatively charged pores yields highly selective passage of Li+. Higher flow rate enhances both selectivity and Li+ passage.
Accelerating the peroxidase-like activity of MoSe2 nanosheets at physiological pH by dextran modification
Authors: Jiang Gaoyan , Lin Tianran , Qin Yuxin , Zhang Xuanhan , Hou Li , Sun Ying , Huang Juanjuan , Liu Shendong , Zhao Shulin
Published: August 2020

One-pot synthesis of dextran-modified MoSe2 nanosheets with peroxidase-like activity at physiological pH for bio-sensing.
Hydrogen evolution reaction mediated by an all-sulfur trinuclear nickel complex
Authors: Pieri Cyril , Bhattacharjee Anirban , Barrozo Alexandre , Faure Bruno , Giorgi Michel , Fize Jennifer , Réglier Marius , Field Martin , Orio Maylis , Artero Vincent , Hardré Renaud
Published: August 2020

A trinuclear nickel complex with S-based ligands is reported as a bio-inspired model of the [NiFe] hydrogenases' active site. DFT calculations indicate that thiolate and thioether functions are involved as proton relays in the H2 evolution mechanism.
Revisiting indeno[2,1-c]fluorene synthesis while exploring the fully conjugated s-indaceno[2,1-c:6,5-c′]difluorene
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Sharma Priyank Kumar , Das Soumyajit
Published: August 2020

The ground state of tetraradicaloid s-indaceno[2,1-c:6,5-c′]difluorene with a small HOMO–LUMO energy gap was studied alongside an alternative synthetic approach for indeno[2,1-c]fluorene.
Enantioselective [3+2] annulation of isatin-derived MBH-carbonates and 3-nitroindoles enabled by a bifunctional DMAP-thiourea
Authors: Mei Ming-Shun , Wang Yu-Hui , Hu Qing , Li Qing-Hua , Shi Da-Yu , Gao Dingding , Ge Guangbo , Lin Guo-Qiang , Tian Ping
Published: August 2020

Highly enantioselective [3+2] annulation of isatin-derived MBH-carbonates and 3-nitroindoles was achieved by a chiral DMAP-thiourea bifunctional catalyst.
Growth, spectroscopic properties and efficient laser action of an Yb0.09Lu0.13Gd0.78Ca4O(BO3)3 crystal
Authors: Liu Fenfen , Dong Liang , Chen Junxian , Cao Shuxuan , Xu Honghao , Liu Junhai
Published: August 2020

A new Yb-ion laser crystal of Yb0.09Lu0.13Gd0.78Ca4O(BO3)3 was grown by using the Czochralski method.
Transition metal-catalysed allylic functionalization reactions involving radicals
Authors: Huang Huan-Ming , Bellotti Peter , Glorius Frank
Published: August 2020

In this tutorial review, different types of transition metal-catalysed allylic functionalization reactions involving radicals are highlighted.
Dinuclear phosphorescent rhenium(i) complexes as potential anticancer and photodynamic therapy agents
Authors: Pan Zheng-Yin , Cai Dai-Hong , He Liang
Published: August 2020

Two dinuclear organometallic Re(i) complexes increase intracellular ROS levels, causing lysosomal dysfunction and cell apoptosis.
Ce-MIL-140: expanding the synthesis routes for cerium(iv) metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Jacobsen Jannick , Wegner Lasse , Reinsch Helge , Stock Norbert
Published: August 2020

A solvothermal synthetic route to Ce(iv)-MOFs using acetonitrile as solvent is reported that avoids the formation of the extremely dominant hexanuclear inorganic building unit (IBU) and paves the way for higher IBU diversity in Ce(iv)-MOFs.
A new perspective on the hydraulics of oilfield wastewater disposal: how PTX conditions affect fluid pressure transients that cause earthquakes
Authors: Pollyea Ryan M. , Konzen Graydon L. , Chambers Cameron R. , Pritchard Jordan A. , Wu Hao , Jayne Richard S.
Published: August 2020

Oilfield wastewater chemistry, basement fracture permeability, and the natural geothermal gradient each contribute to fluid pressure transients that cause earthquakes.
Extreme ultraviolet plasma spectroscopy of a pseudospark XUV source
Authors: Qu Di , Bleiner Davide
Published: August 2020

The development of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources for tabletop operation has enabled a range of new applications in nano-structuring and spectroscopy.
LC-ICP-MS method for the determination of “extractable copper” in serum
Authors: Quarles C Derrick , Macke Marcel , Michalke Bernhard , Zischka Hans , Karst Uwe , Sullivan Patrick , Field M Paul
Published: August 2020

Copper is an essential element for biological functions within humans and animals. There are several known diseases associated with Cu deficiency or overload, such as Menkes disease and Wilson disease, respectively. A common clinical method for determining extractable Cu levels in serum, which is thought to be potentially dangerous if in excess, is to subtract the value of tightly incorporated Cu in ceruloplasmin from total serum Cu. In this work, an automated sample preparation and liquid chromatography (LC) system was combined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine bound Cu and extractable Cu in serum. This LC-ICP-MS method took 250 s for sample preparation and analysis, followed by a column recondition/system reset, thus, a 6 minute sample-to-sample time including sample preparation. The method was validated using serum collected from either control (Atp7b+/−) or Wilson disease rats (Atp7b−/−). The extractable Cu was found to be 4.0 ± 2.3 μM Cu in healthy control rats, but 2.1 ± 0.6 μM Cu in healthy Wilson rats, and 27 ± 16 μM Cu in diseased Wilson rats, respectively. In addition, the extractable Cu/bound Cu ratio was found to be 6.4 ± 3.5%, 38 ± 29%, and 34 ± 22%, respectively. These results suggest that the developed method could be of diagnostic value for Wilson disease, and possibly other copper related diseases.
Correction: Controlled functionalization of carbon nanodots for targeted intracellular production of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Ji Ding-Kun , Reina Giacomo , Guo Shi , Eredia Matilde , Samorì Paolo , Ménard-Moyon Cécilia , Bianco Alberto
Published: August 2020

Correction for ‘Controlled functionalization of carbon nanodots for targeted intracellular production of reactive oxygen species’ by Ding-Kun Ji et al., Nanoscale Horiz., 2020, 5, 1240–1249, DOI: 10.1039/D0NH00300J.
A novel Buthus martensii Karsch chlorotoxin derivative for glioma SPECT imaging
Authors: Zhao Lingzhou , Zhu Jingyi , Wang Tiantian , Liu Changcun , Song Ningning , Wu Shan , Qiao Wenli , Yang Jiqin , Zhu Meilin , Zhao Jinhua
Published: August 2020

An increasing number of studies show the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of scorpion venoms and toxins in cancer, including malignant glioma that represents the most fatal primary brain tumors.
Hydrogel-mediated delivery of celastrol and doxorubicin induces a synergistic effect on tumor regression via upregulation of ceramides
Authors: Medatwal Nihal , Ansari Mohammad Nafees , Kumar Sandeep , Pal Sanjay , Jha Somesh Kumar , Verma Priyanka , Rana Kajal , Dasgupta Ujjaini , Bajaj Avinash
Published: August 2020

We show that hydrogel-mediated combination therapy induces a synergistic effect on tumor regression.
Structural evolution of water and hydroxyl groups during thermal, mechanical and chemical treatment of high purity natural quartz
Authors: Gaweł Bartłomiej A. , Ulvensøen Anna , Łukaszuk Katarzyna , Arstad Bjørnar , Muggerud Astrid Marie F. , Erbe Andreas
Published: August 2020

In dry quartz stable closed liquid micron-size inclusions and newly formed OH groups were observed after thermal treatment.
Reparative and toxicity-reducing effects of liposome-encapsulated saikosaponin in mice with liver fibrosis
Authors: Shiu Li-Yen , Huang Han Hsiang , Chen Chun Yin , Cheng Hsia-Ying , Chen Chih I. , Kuo Shyh Ming
Published: August 2020

Saikosaponin d (SSd), a primary active component of the Chinese herb Bupleurum falcatum, has antitumor and antiliver fibrosis effects. However, the toxicity of SSd at high doses can induce conditions such as metabolic disorders and hemolysis in vivo, thus hampering its clinical use. The present study investigated the toxicity-reducing effects of liposome encapsulation of pure SSd and the therapeutic action of SSd-loaded liposomes (Lipo-SSd) in liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Lipo-SSd (diameter, 31.7 ± 7.8 nm) was prepared at an entrapment efficiency of 94.1%. After 10-day incubation, a slow release profile of 56% SSd from Lipo-SSd was observed. The IC50 of SSd on hepatic stellate cells was approximately 2.9 μM. Lipo-SSd exhibited much lower cytotoxicity than did pure SSd. In the in vivo toxicity assay, Lipo-SSd significantly increased mice survival rate and duration compared with pure SSd at the same dose. These in vitro and in vivo data indicate that liposomal encapsulation can reduce the cytotoxicity of SSd. The histopathological analysis results demonstrated that in mice with thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis, Lipo-SSd exerted more obvious fibrosis- and inflammation-alleviating and liver tissue-reparative effects than did pure SSd; these effects are potentially attributable to the sustained release of SSd. In conclusion, Lipo-SSd fabricated here have antiliver fibrosis effects and lower toxicity compared with that of pure SSd.
The Use of Nonspeech Oral Motor Exercises in the Treatment of Children With Cleft Palate: A Re-Examination of Available Evidence
Authors: Ruscello Dennis M. , Vallino Linda D.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this tutorial is to re-examine the current literature on nonspeech oral motor exercise (NSOME) in general and its use in the treatment of children with cleft palate specifically and provide a best practice recommendation.

Method

The
Population Intervention Comparison Outcome
process was used to investigate the clinical question. This systematic framework identifies the clinical population, evaluates the intervention(s) applied to the population, assesses the results of interventions, and delineates the outcome. A literature search, which examined developmental research, applied clinical research, and systematic treatment reviews, was conducted for this purpose.

Results

The literature reviewed herein suggests that, on a number of different levels, the implementation of NSOME
s
does not result in positive communication outcomes for children with cleft palate who present with velopharyngeal dysfunction or compensatory speech errors.

Conclusion

Based on the current review, there is no empirical support for the use of NSOME as a direct or adjunct treatment for velopharyngeal dysfunction or compensatory speech errors. Appropriate treatments for these communication disorders include surgical, dental, and speech-based interventions.
Respiratory–Swallow Coordination Training Improves Swallowing Safety and Efficiency in a Person With Anoxic Brain Injury
Authors: Curtis James A. , Seikaly Zeina N. , Troche Michelle S.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of respiratory–swallow coordination training (RSCT) on respiratory–swallow coordination (RSC), swallowing safety (penetration/aspiration), and swallowing efficiency (pharyngeal residue) in a person with anoxic brain injury.

Method

A 68-year-old man with anoxic brain injury, tachypnea, and severe dysphagia was recruited to participate in a prospective AABAA single-subject experimental design. RSC, swallowing safety, and swallowing efficiency were measured at each assessment using respiratory inductive plethysmography and flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing. Data were analyzed descriptively using Cohen's
d
effect size. Outcome measures were compared pre-RSCT to post-RSCT, and pre-RSCT to a 1-month retention assessment.

Results

Improvements in RSC were observed immediately post-RSCT (
d
= 0.60). These improvements were maintained upon retention assessment 1 month later (
d
= 0.60). Additionally, improvements in swallowing safety (
d
= 1.73), efficiency (
d
= 1.73), and overall dysphagia severity (
d
= 1.73) were observed immediately post-RSCT and were maintained upon retention assessment 1 month later (
d
= 1.73).

Conclusions

Clinically meaningful improvements in RSC were observed following four sessions of RSCT, which were subsequently associated with large improvements in swallowing safety and efficiency. RSCT may be an efficacious, clinically feasible skill-based exercise for people with anoxic brain injury, suboptimal RSC, and dysphagia. Future work is needed to expand these findings in a larger cohort of people with dysphagia.
Dust distribution around low-mass planets on converging orbits
Authors: Marzari Francesco , D’Angelo Gennaro
Published: August 2020

Context. Super-Earths can form at large orbital radii and migrate inward due to tidal interactions with the circumstellar disk. In this scenario, convergent migration may occur and lead to the formation of resonant pairs of planets.

Aims. We explore the conditions under which convergent migration and resonance capture take place, and what dynamical consequences can be expected on the dust distribution surrounding the resonant pair.

Methods. We combine hydrodynamic planet–disk interaction models with dust evolution calculations to investigate the signatures produced in the dust distribution by a pair of planets in mean-motion resonances.

Results. We find that convergent migration takes place when the outer planet is the more massive. However, convergent migration also depends on the local properties of the disk, and divergent migration may result as well. For similar disk parameters, the capture in low degree resonances (e.g., 2:1 or 3:2) is preferred close to the star where the resonance strength can more easily overcome the tidal torques exerted by the gaseous disk. Farther away from the star, convergent migration may result in capture in high degree resonances. The dust distribution shows potentially observable features typically when the planets are trapped in a 2:1 resonance. In other cases, with higher degree resonances (e.g., 5:4 or 6:5) dust features may not be sufficiently pronounced to be easily observable.

Conclusions. The degree of resonance established by a pair of super-Earths may be indicative of the location in the disk where capture occurred. There can be significant differences in the dust distribution around a single super-Earth and a pair of super-Earths in resonance.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Passegger V. M. , Bello-García A. , Ordieres-Meré J. , Caballero J. A. , Schweitzer A. , González-Marcos A. , Ribas I. , Reiners A. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Azzaro M. , Bauer F. F. , Béjar V. J. S. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Dreizler S. , Hatzes A. P. , Henning Th. , Jeffers S. V. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , Marfil E. , Montes D. , Morales J. C. , Nagel E. , Sarro L. M. , Solano E. , Tabernero H. M. , Zechmeister M.
Published: August 2020

Existing and upcoming instrumentation is collecting large amounts of astrophysical data, which require efficient and fast analysis techniques. We present a deep neural network architecture to analyze high-resolution stellar spectra and predict stellar parameters such as effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, and rotational velocity. With this study, we firstly demonstrate the capability of deep neural networks to precisely recover stellar parameters from a synthetic training set. Secondly, we analyze the application of this method to observed spectra and the impact of the synthetic gap (i.e., the difference between observed and synthetic spectra) on the estimation of stellar parameters, their errors, and their precision. Our convolutional network is trained on synthetic PHOENIX-ACES spectra in different optical and near-infrared wavelength regions. For each of the four stellar parameters,Teff, logg, [M/H], andvsini, we constructed a neural network model to estimate each parameter independently. We then applied this method to 50 M dwarfs with high-resolution spectra taken with CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Échelle Spectrographs), which operates in the visible (520–960 nm) and near-infrared wavelength range (960–1710 nm) simultaneously. Our results are compared with literature values for these stars. They show mostly good agreement within the errors, but also exhibit large deviations in some cases, especially for [M/H], pointing out the importance of a better understanding of the synthetic gap.
Les stages cliniques dans les formations en alternance : étude de la portée quant à leurs caractéristiques et leurs retombées sur la professionnalisation
Authors: Bélisle Marilou , Mazalon Élisabeth , Belanger Mélisande , Fernandez Nicolas
Published: August 2020

Problématique :L’alternance comme dispositif de formation constitue une tendance lourde des programmes de formation universitaire à visée professionnalisante. Elle se manifeste notamment par la présence de plus en plus marquée de stages dans la formation universitaire. C’est d’ailleurs par l’introduction d’une formation pratique au cursus traditionnel plutôt théorique que la professionnalisation s’opère. Les programmes en santé, malgré une culture de stage plus répandue que d’autres secteurs, sont de plus en plus interpellés dans le contexte de la professionnalisation.Objectifs :Nous avons voulu dégager les traces de la professionnalisation à travers un regard systématique sur les caractéristiques des stages cliniques dans le domaine de la santé, tels que rapportés dans les écrits scientifiques.Méthodes :Nous avons dans un premier temps mené une étude de la portée pour cartographier les modalités professionnalisantes des dix-sept écrits retenus sur les stages cliniques. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons analysé et contrasté les données de ces articles en nous appuyant sur un cadre conceptuel qui conçoit la professionnalisation comme étant la conjoncture entre des apprentissages relatifs aux compétences, à la culture et à l’identité professionnelles.Résultats et discussion :Nos analyses révèlent que l’aspect intégratif, tant recherché dans un dispositif d’alternance, est peu développé dans les écrits. Sur le plan de la professionnalisation, la dimension compétence est fortement soulignée dans les stages comme dans l’ensemble des programmes étudiés, alors que les autres dimensions, culturelle et identitaire, sont peu évoquées. Les modalités d’encadrement et les traces de la professionnalisation des individus dans les stages sont discutées à la lumière des conditions intégratives d’une offre de formation en alternance.
Toward a better theoretical and practical understanding of field players’ decision-making in handball: A systematic review
Authors: Bonnet Guillaume , Debanne Thierry , Laffaye Guillaume
Published: August 2020

The aim of this review is to summarize current literature about decision-making in handball in order to identify potential gaps in the cognitive domain, and to propose directions for future research. Studies used various methods but rarely specified the theoretical framework. Two theoretical approaches are commonly used to study the decision-making in team sports. The cognitive approach was used in two thirds of the studies reported in this review. It focuses on skills used by a player to respond to different stimuli often in a non-specific context. These skills include attention, memory and perception. As expected, expert players tend to perform better in these cognitive tests compared to novices, especially when the task’s complexity is high. In contrary, the naturalistic approach studies the way the player analyzes a real and experienced situation. The studies look first at the generation of options, for which expert players appear superior. Second, they assess team cognition which concerns the way a decision is integrated into a collective plan. In this paper, we’ve described some practical applications and highlighted the limitations and complementarity of these two approaches to study the importance of expertise in decision-making.
Educational nurse-led telephone intervention shortly before colonoscopy as a salvage strategy after previous bowel preparation failure: a multicenter randomized trial
Authors: Alvarez-Gonzalez Marco Antonio , Pantaleón Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Bernad Cabredo Belén , García-Rodríguez Ana , Frago Larramona Santiago , Nogales Oscar , Díez Redondo Pilar , Puig del Castillo Ignasi , Romero Mascarell Cristina , Caballero Noemí , Romero Sánchez-Miguel Iván , Pérez Berbegal Rocío , Hernández Negrín Domingo , Bujedo Sadornill Gema , Pérez Oltra Alicia , Casals Urquiza Gemma , Amorós Martínez Jaume , Seoane Urgorri Agustín , Ibáñez Zafón Inés Ana , Gimeno-García Antonio Z.
Published: August 2020

Background The most important predictor of unsuccessful bowel preparation is previous failure. For those patients with previous failure, we hypothesized that a nurse-led educational intervention by telephone shortly before the colonoscopy appointment could improve cleansing efficacy.

Methods We performed a multicenter, endoscopist-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Consecutive outpatients with previous inadequate bowel preparation were enrolled. Both groups received the same standard bowel preparation protocol. The intervention group also received reinforced education by telephone within 48 hours before the colonoscopy. The primary outcome was effective bowel preparation according to the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis included all randomized patients. Per-protocol analysis included patients who could be contacted by telephone and the control cases.

Results 657 participants were recruited by 11 Spanish hospitals. In the ITT analysis, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the rate of successful bowel preparation (77.3 % vs. 72 %; P = 0.12). In the intervention group, 267 patients (82.9 %) were contacted by telephone. Per-protocol analysis revealed significantly improved bowel preparation in the intervention group (83.5 % vs. 72.0 %; P = 0.001).

Conclusion Among all patients with previous inadequate bowel preparation, nurse-led telephone education did not result in a significant improvement in bowel cleansing. However, in the 83 % of patients who could be contacted, bowel preparation was substantially improved. Phone education may therefore be a useful tool for improving the quality of bowel preparation in those cases.
Auswirkungen von Umweltrisikofaktoren wie Lärm und Luftverschmutzung auf die psychische Gesundheit: Was wissen wir?
Authors: Hahad Omar , Beutel Manfred E. , Gilan Donya A. , Michal Matthias , Daiber Andreas , Münzel Thomas
Published: August 2020

Immer mehr Studien unterstreichen die Rolle von Lärm und Luftverschmutzung als bedeutsame Umweltrisikofaktoren. Ungeklärt ist, welche Einflüsse Lärm und Luftverschmutzung auf die psychische Gesundheit ausüben. Aktuelle Studienergebnisse zeigen, dass Umgebungslärm (vor allem Verkehrslärm) und verschiedene Bestandteile von Luftverschmutzung (vor allem Feinstaub) das Risiko für psychische Erkrankungen wie Depressionen, Angststörungen, Psychosen und Suizid erhöhen können. Pathophysiologische Mechanismen umfassen sowohl biologische (wie oxidativen Stress und Inflammation) als auch psychosoziale Faktoren (wie mentalen Stress). Umweltrisikofaktoren wie Lärm und Luftverschmutzung können einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit ausüben. Aufgrund der teils heterogenen Studienergebnisse und der limitierten Verfügbarkeit von methodisch hochwertigen Längsschnittstudien sind zwingend weitere Untersuchungen notwendig, um tiefere Einblicke in diese Zusammenhänge zu erhalten.
Effects of Smoking Status on Remission and Metabolic and Cognitive
Outcomes in Schizophrenia Patients Treated with Clozapine
Authors: Wagner Elias , Oviedo-Salcedo Tatiana , Pelzer Nicola , Strube Wolfgang , Maurus Isabel , Gutwinski Stefan , Schreiter Stefanie , Kleymann Phillip , Morgenroth Carla-Lou , Okhuijsen-Pfeifer Cynthia , Luykx Jurjen J. , Falkai Peter , Schneider-Axmann Thomas , Hasan Alkomiet
Published: August 2020

Background Even though clozapine is the recommended last-resort
antipsychotic, many patients fail to respond and show treatment-refractory
psychotic symptoms. Smoking has been suggested as a possible risk factor for
poor clozapine response, hampering remission and negatively impacting
somatic outcomes.

Methods Our aim was to test whether smoking status is associated with
remission rates and other symptomatic and somatic outcomes. We therefore
assessed remission rates according to The Remission in Schizophrenia Working
Group (RSWG) criteria, and metabolic and cognitive outcomes among patients
with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders treated with clozapine for at least 6
months. For analyses, we grouped our cohort into 3 groups according to
clozapine treatment duration (6 months, 2 years, 5 years).

Results One hundred five patients were included in our analyses and
grouped according to their clozapine treatment duration. In the 6-months
analyses, patients who smoked were significantly more likely to be younger
of age (p=0.002) despite on average shorter duration of clozapine
treatment (p=0.041) and significantly more likely to be treated with
mood-stabilizing co-medication (p=0.030) compared to nonsmokers.
Remission rates (p=0.490), as well as a set of metabolic and
cognitive variables did not differ between the 2 groups. A related pattern
could be observed for the 2- and 5-years analyses.

Conclusions Smoking behavior among clozapine-treated schizophrenia
patients might delineate a cohort with an earlier onset of the disease.
Nevertheless, most findings comparing disease-specific and clinical outcomes
among smokers and nonsmokers were negative. Further research is needed to
identify strategies to overcome insufficient remission rates in this patient
group.
Natural Polyketides Isolated from the Endophytic Fungus
Phomopsis sp. CAM212 with a Semisynthetic Derivative Downregulating
the ERK/IκBα Signaling Pathways
Authors: Jouda Jean-Bosco , Njoya Emmanuel Mfotie , Fobofou Serge Alain Tanemossu , Zhou Zong Yuan , Qiang Zhe , Mbazoa Céline Djama , Brandt Wolfgang , Zhang Guo-lin , Wandji Jean , Wang Fei
Published: August 2020

Three previously undescribed natural products, phomopsinin A – C
(1 – 3), together with three known compounds, namely,
cis-hydroxymellein (4), phomoxanthone A (5) and
cytochalasin L-696,474 (6), were isolated from the solid culture of
Phomopsis sp. CAM212, an endophytic fungus obtained from Garcinia
xanthochymus. Their structures were determined on the basis of
spectroscopic data, including IR, NMR, and MS. The absolute configurations of
1 and 2 were assigned by comparing their experimental and
calculated ECD spectra. Acetylation of compound 1 yielded 1a, a
new natural product derivative that was tested together with other isolated
compounds on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Cytochalasin
L-696,474 (6) was found to significantly inhibit nitric oxide production,
but was highly cytotoxic to the treated cells, whereas compound 1
slightly inhibited nitric oxide production, which was not significantly
different compared to lipopolysaccharide-treated cells. Remarkably, the
acetylated derivative of 1, compound 1a, significantly inhibited
nitric oxide production with an IC50 value of 14.8 µM and no
cytotoxic effect on treated cells, thereby showing the importance of the acetyl
group in the anti-inflammatory activity of 1a. The study of the mechanism
of action revealed that 1a decreases the expression of inducible nitric
oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, and proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 without an
effect on IL-1β expression. Moreover, it was found that 1a exerts
its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7
macrophage cells by downregulating the activation of ERK1/2 and by preventing
the translocation of nuclear factor κB. Thus, derivatives of phomopsinin
A (1), such as compound 1a, could provide new anti-inflammatory
leads.
Room-Temperature Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Direct 2-Arylation of Indoles with Tetraarylstannanes
Authors: Liu Yuxia , Xue Dong , Wang Chao , Huang Linjuan
Published: August 2020

A palladium(II)-catalyzed direct 2-arylation of indoles by tetraarylstannanes with oxygen (balloon) as the oxidant at room temperature has been developed. Various tetraarylstannanes can be employed as aryl sources for 2-arylation of indoles in up to 89% yield, providing a practical and efficient catalytic protocol for accessing 2-arylindoles.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Applications of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles
Authors: Luo Puying , Gan Fuqiang , Lin Junyue , Ding Qiuping
Published: August 2020

This review firstly covers the applications of 2-arylbenzothiazoles as amyloid imaging agents, antitumor agents, and organic luminescent materials. Then we review the recent advances in the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives. On the one hand, we introduce the approaches for construction of the 2-arylbenzothiazole core, including the following categories: (i) classic condensation of 2-aminothiophenols, (ii) direct arylation of benzothiazoles, (iii) intramolecular cyclization of thiobenzanilides, and (iv) tandem cyclization of anilines/ nitroarenes­ with elemental sulfur or sulfides. On the other hand, the transition-metal-catalyzed direct C–H functionalizations of 2-aryl­benzothiazoles are also involved in this review.

1 Introduction

2 Applications of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles

3 Construction of the 2-Arylbenzothiazole Core

4 Synthesis 2-Arylbenzothiazoles via Direct C–H Functionalization

5 Conclusion
Additional Heart Sounds—Part 1 (Third and Fourth Heart Sounds)
Authors: Pechetty Ramya , Nemani Lalita
Published: August 2020

S3 is a low-pitched sound (25–50Hz) which is heard in early diastole, following the second heart sound. The following synonyms are used for it: ventricular gallop, early diastolic gallop, protodiastolic gallop, and ventricular early filling sound. The term “gallop” was first used in 1847 by Jean Baptiste Bouillaud to describe the cadence of the three heart sounds occurring in rapid succession. The best description of a third heart sound was provided by Pierre Carl Potain who described an added sound which, in addition to the two normal sounds, is heard like a bruit completing the triple rhythm of the heart (bruit de gallop). The following synonyms are used for the fourth heart sound (S4): atrial gallop and presystolic gallop. S4 is a low-pitched sound (20–30 Hz) heard in presystole, i.e., shortly before the first heart sound. This produces a rhythm classically compared with the cadence of the word “Tennessee.” One can also use the phrase “A-stiff-wall” to help with the cadence (a S4, stiff S1, wall S2) of the S4 sound.
Straws Don't Suck: Are Straws Dangerous after Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery?
Authors: Reilly Erin K. , Fastenberg Judd H. , Rabinowitz Mindy R. , Huntley Colin T. , Boon Maurits S. , Epps Gregory A. , Vimawala Swar , Chitguppi Chandala , Patel Jena , Nyquist Gurston G. , Rosen Marc R. , Evans James J.
Published: August 2020

Objective Patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal surgery have historically been restricted from using straws postoperatively, due to the concern that this activity generates negative pressure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the pressure dynamics in the sinonasal cavity associated with the use of a straw.

Methods Intracranial pressure catheters were placed in the nasal cavity of 20 healthy individuals. Pressure measurements were then recorded while participants drank liquids of different viscosities from a cup and from a straw. Measurements were recorded with and without subjects occluding their nose to simulate postoperative nasal obstruction.

Results The average pressure in the nasal cavity while drinking water from a cup was −0.86 cmH2O, from a straw was −1.09 cmH2O, and while occluding the nose and using a straw was −0.81 cmH2O. The average pressure in the nasal cavity while drinking a milkshake from a cup was −0.98 cmH2O, from a straw was −1.88 cmH2O, and while occluding the nose and using a straw was −1.37 cmH2O. There was no statistically significant difference in pressure measurements when comparing either task or consistency (p > 0.05).

Conclusion Straw use is not associated with the generation of significant negative pressure in the nasal cavity. The pressure generated when drinking from a straw is not significantly different from that of drinking from a cup. This data suggest that straw use may be safe for patients following endoscopic skull base surgery, but further investigation is warranted.
Using ray-traversal for 3D particle matching in the context of particle tracking velocimetry in fluid mechanics
Authors: Bourgoin Mickaël , Huisman Sander G.
Published: August 2020

An innovative method based on the traversal of rays, originating from detected particles, through a three-dimensional grid of voxels is presented. The methodology has the main advantage that the outcome of the method is independent of the order of the input; the order of the cameras and the order of the rays presented as input to the algorithm do not influence the outcome. The algorithm finds matches in decreasing value of match quality, ensuring that globally best matches are matched before worse matches. The time complexity of the algorithm is found to scale efficiently with the number of cameras and particles. A variety of show-cases are given to exemplify the algorithm for different geometries and different numbers of cameras. The method is designed for the tracking of tracer or inertial particles in fluid mechanics, for which the particle size generally ranges from O (μm)–O (cm). The method, however, does not impose a size limit on the particles.
Growth of bulk GaN crystals
Authors: Kucharski R. , Sochacki T. , Lucznik B. , Bockowski M.
Published: August 2020

Perspectives about growth of bulk gallium nitride crystals, fabricating high structural quality gallium nitride wafers and the market demand for them are presented. Three basic crystal growth technologies, halide vapor phase epitaxy, sodium flux, and ammonothermal, are described. Their advantages and disadvantages, recent development, and possibilities are discussed. The main difficulty with crystallization of thick GaN is determined. Some new solutions for bulk growth are proposed. It is shown that only crystallization on high structural quality native seeds will ensure proper progress. New ideas for fabricating gallium nitride crystals and wafers with a better control of their structural properties and point defect concentration are proposed.
A new Collinear Apparatus for Laser Spectroscopy and Applied Science (COALA)
Authors: König K. , Krämer J. , Geppert C. , Imgram P. , Maaß B. , Ratajczyk T. , Nörtershäuser W.
Published: August 2020

We present a new collinear laser spectroscopy setup that has been designed to overcome systematic uncertainty limits arising from high-voltage and frequency measurements, beam superposition, and collisions with residual gas that are present in other installations utilizing this technique. The applied methods and experimental realizations are described, including an active stabilization of the ion-source potential, new types of ion sources that have not been used for collinear laser spectroscopy so far, dedicated installations for pump-and-probe measurements, and a versatile laser system referenced to a frequency comb. The advanced setup enables us to routinely determine transition frequencies, which was so far demonstrated only for a few cases and with lower accuracy at other facilities. It has also been designed to perform accurate high-voltage measurements for metrological applications. Demonstration and performance measurements were carried out with Ca+ and In+ ions.
Quantifying the error of the core–valence separation approximation
Authors: Herbst Michael F. , Fransson Thomas
Published: August 2020

For the calculation of core-excited states probed through X-ray absorption spectroscopy, the core–valence separation (CVS) scheme has become a vital tool. This approach allows us to target such states with high specificity, albeit introducing an error. We report the implementation of a post-processing step for CVS excitations obtained within the algebraic–diagrammatic construction scheme for the polarization propagator, which removes this error. Based on this, we provide a detailed analysis of the CVS scheme, identifying its accuracy to be dominated by an error balance between two neglected couplings, one between core and valence single excitations and the other between single and double core excitations. The selection of the basis set is shown to be vital for a proper description of both couplings, with tight polarizing functions being necessary for a good balance of errors. The CVS error is confirmed to be stable across multiple systems, with an element-specific spread for K-edge spectrum calculations of only about ±0.02 eV. A systematic lowering of the CVS error by 0.02 eV–0.03 eV is noted when considering excitations to extremely diffuse states, emulating ionization.
Parallel algorithms for hyperdynamics and local hyperdynamics
Authors: Plimpton Steven J. , Perez Danny , Voter Arthur F.
Published: August 2020

Hyperdynamics (HD) is a method for accelerating the timescale of standard molecular dynamics (MD). It can be used for simulations of systems with an energy potential landscape that is a collection of basins, separated by barriers, where transitions between basins are infrequent. HD enables the system to escape from a basin more quickly while enabling a statistically accurate renormalization of the simulation time, thus effectively boosting the timescale of the simulation. In the work of Kim et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 139, 144110 (2013)], a local version of HD was formulated, which exploits the intrinsic locality characteristic typical of most systems to mitigate the poor scaling properties of standard HD as the system size is increased. Here, we discuss how both HD and local HD can be formulated to run efficiently in parallel. We have implemented these ideas in the LAMMPS MD code, which means HD can be used with any interatomic potential LAMMPS supports. Together, these parallel methods allow simulations of any size to achieve the time acceleration offered by HD (which can be orders of magnitude), at a cost of 2–4× that of standard MD. As examples, we performed two simulations of a million-atom system to model the diffusion and clustering of Pt adatoms on a large patch of the Pt(100) surface for 80 μs and 160 µs.