bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domoic acid in phytoplankton net samples and shellfish from the Krka River estuary in the Central Adriatic Sea
Authors: ARAPOV J. , UJEVIĆ I. , MARIĆ PFANNKUCHEN D. , GODRIJAN J. , BAKRAČ A. , NINČEVIĆ GLADAN Ž. , MARASOVIĆ I.
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with the precise identification of species of Pseudo-nitzschia, focusing on those which are a potential source of domoic acid, from the Krka River estuary of the Central Adriatic Sea. Domoic acid was measured in phytoplankton net samples and shellfish collected in the winter and early spring of 2011 and 2012. Domoic acid was only detected in early March 2011, both in plankton net samples and shellfish extracts, during a Pseudo-nitzschia species bloom. The measured concentrations of particulate domoic acid (DA) in filtered concentrated seawater varied from 3.1˗6.2 ng DA ml-1. In shellfish sample DA concentration was 0.2 μg g-1. Species belonging to the Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima complex were more common than those from the Pseudo-nitzschia seriata complex. Morphological analyses by electron microscopy revealed the presence of three potentially toxic species: P. calliantha, P. pseudodelicatissima and P. pungens, and one non-toxic species: P. subfraudulenta. However, P. calliantha and P. pseudodelicatissima dominated during the March 2011 bloom. This study presents the first evaluation of particulate domoic acid along the Eastern Adriatic Sea and the first record of the presence of P. calliantha, P. pseudodelicatissima, P. pungens and P. subfraudulenta in the Krka River estuary.
Net-zooplankton abundance and biomass from Annaba Bay (SW Mediterranean Sea) under estuarine influences
Authors: OUNISSI M. , LASKRI H. , KHÉLIFI-TOUHAMI M.
Published: November 2016

Zooplankton samples were collected in Annaba Bay (Algeria) from January 2009-March 2011 at three coastal sites differently affected by estuarine plumes and external currents. Aim of this survey was to analyze zooplankton composition, abundance and biomass and compare the results with previous studies to reveal possible populations and environmental changes. The mean zooplankton abundance varied between 1,200-6,000 ind. m-3 and biomass 6.70-25.70 mg DW m-3, according to the site. Copepods constituted the main fraction of zooplankton community, and Oithona similis and Paracalanus indicus successively dominated during autumn-winter and spring-summer. The dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans was one of the major zooplankton components, and developed high numbers during February-April, becoming common in neritic and coastal regions. The singularity of the zooplankton from Annaba Bay is the prevalence of P. indicus throughout the entire bay and the decrease in Acartia discaudata and A. clausi (with respect to previous years), possibly replaced by A. negligens. Additionally, Oithona nana abundance markedly decreased with the large development of O. similis. Annaba Bay also differs from other similar Mediterranean coastal areas by the large development of Centropages ponticus populations during the warm period. Among the identified copepod species, the alien species Pseudodiaptomus australiensis and P. arabicus are reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. The occurrence of copepodid V stages of P. australiensis suggests that this species survives and reproduces in Annaba Bay, but so far without developing an abundant population.
Bryozoan diversity in the Mediterranean Sea: an update
Authors: ROSSO A. , Di MARTINO E.
Published: November 2016

This paper provides a current view of the bryozoan biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea updating the checklist by Rosso (2003). Bryozoans presently living in the Mediterranean increase to 556 species, 212 genera and 93 families. Cheilostomes largely prevail (424 species, 159 genera and 64 families) followed by cyclostomes (75 species, 26 genera and 11 families) and ctenostomes (57 species, 27 genera and 18 families). Few families and genera make the bulk of this biodiversity whereas one third of families are monospecific. The number of species-rank taxa has increased by 81 in the last dozen years but most of these additions relate to the revision of material from old collections and to the introduction of non-indigenous species. Most of the bryozoan diversity is distributed in the coralligenous and dark and semi-dark cave biocoenoses followed by detritic bottoms. Diversity lowers in shallow-water vegetated bottoms and in bathyal habitats. Further increase in diversity is expected from investigation of still poorly known areas and habitats and the need for rapid assessment is remarked on in view of the management of Mediterranean habitats through the EU Marine Strategy Directive.
Anterior single odontoid screw placement for type II odontoid fractures: our modified surgical technique and initial results in a cohort study of 15 patients
Authors: Munakomi Sunil , Tamrakar Karuna , Chaudhary Pramod Kumar , Bhattarai Binod
Published: November 2016

Objective: Anterior odontoid screw fixation for type II odontoid fracture is the ideal management option. However in the context of unavailability of an O-arm or neuro-navigation and poor images from the available C-arm may be an obstacle to ideal trajectory and placement of the odontoid screw. We herein detail  our surgical technique so as to ensure a correct trajectory and subsequent good fusion in Type II odontoid fractures. This may be advantageous  in clinical set ups lacking state of the art facilities. 

Methods and Results: In this cohort study we included 15 consecutive patients who underwent anterior odontoid screw placement. We routinely dissect the longus colli to completely visualize the entire width of C3 body. We then perform a median C2-C3 disectomy followed by creating a gutter in the superior end of C3 body. We then guide the Kirchsner (K) wire purchasing adequate anterior cortex of C2. Rest of the procedure follows the similar steps as described for odontoid screw placement.

We achieved 100% correct trajectory and screw placement in our study. There were no instances of screw break out, pull out or nonunion. There was one patient mortality following myocardial infarction in our study.

Conclusion: Preoperative imaging details, proper patient positioning, meticulous dissection, thorough anatomical knowledge and few added surgical nuances are the cornerstones in ideal odontoid screw placement. This may be pivotal in managing  patients in developing nations having rudimentary neurosurgical set up.
The First Results of the Learning Achievements Monitoring in Mathematics of Students in the Novosibirsk Region
Authors: �������  , Velichko Anna , �����  , Zakhir Yuliya , ��������  , Pimonova Elena
Published: November 2016

The article presents one of the central elements of system quality education assessment of the Novosibirsk Region � educational achievements monitoring

in mathematics of schoolchildren. The description of changes in the approach to the formulation of the purpose of monitoring, characteristics

of design measuring instruments used, possible variants of use of the monitoring results, to determine the sample of participating schools, the number

and list of school subjects monitoring is presented. Variants of using the results of monitoring at diff erent levels of the education system are illustrated.

Purpose and objectives are formulated. Starting values of regional monitoring indicators in mathematics, the comparable results of monitoring, analyzing

contextual information collected during monitoring are given. Prospects for the development of monitoring in the Novosibirsk region are described.
Features of Competence System Standardization of the Methodists of Municipal Methodical Service in the Present Conditions of Education Development
Authors: ������  , Vasina Olga
Published: November 2016

The article contents the problems of the organization of present methodical service: the different interpretations of the activities, objectives, tasks, various forms of institutions offering information and methodological support of the educational process, regarding aspects of finance - state-owned, independent, low cost, as well as on the main activity - educational institutions of additional professional education or not. The article presents the results of the analysis of the structures and functioning of municipal methodical service of Russia. The difference in the interpretation of municipal methodical service determines the organization of the Methodist work blurring. The article offers solution to according problem by standardizing the professional activity of municipal methodical service, process of methodological support of educational activities, professional paths of Methodists based on standardization of Methodists competences. The article proposed a system of professional competence of the present Methodist of municipal methodical service.
Competence Based Approach As a Fundamental Factor in the Training of Teachers and Speech Pathologists
Authors: ��������  , Zhigoreva Marina , ����������  , Panteleeva Larisa
Published: November 2016

�he article is devoted to a problem of vocational training of future experts of teachers and speech pathologists in modern conditions of education where as the priority direction the strategic line of realization of competence-based approach in vocational training of speech teachers and orientation to polyfunctionality of his activity directed on overcoming of speech frustration at children with the limited opportunities of health acts. On the basis of the analysis of the factors characterizing modern system of vocational education in a certain degree the signifi cant professional competences of the teachers and speech pathologists necessary for successful professional activity, as at the theoretical, and practical levels in work with the children having various violations in development are marked out.
Criteria-leveled Evaluation of Students Studying Achievements at Russian and Literature Classes
Authors: �������  , Niyazova A.
Published: November 2016

Issues on using of criteria-leveled model of evaluation of students� studying achievements on 10-point scale, which were worked out on the basis of new

principles of evaluation, are considered in this article. The main ones among them are teaching results planning, evaluation of student�s competence

as dynamic developing individuality; promotion of student from lower level of development to higher by dint of objectivity of his achievements evaluation,

students exercise self-control and self-evaluation of own activity. Using of concrete criteria while evaluation of students� studying achievements by

Russian and literature in 7th grade is shown. Criteria of subject evaluation tables are composed referred to requirements to knowledge, skills of students

according to the studying program of Russian and literature. Developed evaluation criteria stimulate students to carry out self-analysis, self-evaluation

of own success and failures.
Two Cultures and Education: From the Opposition to Dialogue
Authors: ���������  , Mansurova Svetlana
Published: November 2016

Educational issues are resolved in a cultural context of education of the XXI century through the prism of concepts of natural science and human cultures. Features sciences and the humanities cultures are represented in their comparative generalization. The specifi city of science and humanities education � training activities and formed abilities in teaching natural and humanitarian subjects are discussed in the light of the relevant characteristics of both cultures. Methodological bases of integration of scientifi c knowledge, the unity of human knowledge are disclosed. The base of the global integration of the sciences and the humanities cultures form a unifi ed picture of the world are revealed, in which nature, society, people are represented as organically interconnected parts of a whole. The basis for interaction holistic and humanistic approaches in education, formation of a new paradigm of philosophy of education in the dialogue of cultures is showed, which implements the principle of integration and humanization.
Global Economic Growth and Expected Returns Around the World: The End-of-the-Year Effect
Authors: Møller Stig V. , Rangvid Jesper
Published: November 2016

Global economic growth at the end of the year strongly predicts returns from a wide spectrum of international assets, such as global, regional, and individual-country stocks, FX, and commodities. Global economic growth at other times of the year does not predict international returns. Low growth in the global economy at the end of the year predicts higher returns over the following year. It also predicts the global business cycle. When global economic growth at the end of the year is low, investors expect a worsening of the global business cycle and increase their required returns.

This paper was accepted by Lauren Cohen, finance.
An overview of stoma care in the residential setting
Authors: Cremen Joanne , Lee Amanda
Published: November 2016

An ageing population and improvements in clinical outcomes of surgery means that care providers will see an increase in the number of people with stomas. In this article, Joanne Cremen and Amanda Lee describe the appropriate management of these residents
Management of shingles in the care home setting
Authors: Kochhar Suneeta
Published: November 2016

Shingles, or herpes zoster, is a major concern for those living in residential care, as older people have a higher risk of developing the condition. In this article, Suneeta Kochhar describes identification, treatment and vaccination in the care home
How to … use IT to develop staff training opportunities
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: November 2016

Computer technology can drastically improve a person's work efficiency. In this article, Adrian Ashurst discusses the importance of using up-to-date information technology to develop excellent bespoke training opportunities for care home staff
Risk factors for development of primary bladder squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Manley KV , Hubbard R , Swallow D , Finch W , Wood SJ , Biers SM
Published: November 2016

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of risk factors for primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder.

MATERIALS

A total of 90 cases of primary SCC of the bladder were identified through multicentre analysis. Patient demographics, stage and grade of cancer at presentation, management and outcomes were recorded. The presence of known risk factors (catheter use, neuropathic bladder, smoking history, recurrent urinary tract infection and bladder stones) was also documented.

RESULTS

Over half of the patients had at least one identifiable risk factor for the development of primary bladder SCC: 13.9% of patients had a history of catheter use (clean intermittent self-catheterisation [CISC] in 11.1%), 10.0% of patients had a neuropathic bladder, 27.8% were smokers or ex-smokers and 20.0% had a documented history of recurrent urinary tract infection. Statistical analysis of the results showed no association between risk factors and grade of tumour at presentation.

CONCLUSIONS

These data further support the association between primary bladder SCC and several of the well documented risk factors for its development. Chronic use of CISC may confer a greater risk for development of SCC than thought previously. Further evidence of the role of CISC in primary SCC is required to justify routine screening and to determine exactly when surveillance of the bladder should begin for this group of patients.
Self injection of foreign materials into the penis
Authors: Ahmed U , Freeman A , Kirkham A , Ralph DJ , Minhas S , Muneer A
Published: November 2016

Injection of the subcutaneous tissues of the penis for enlargement of penile girth has been practised for many years by laypeople and medical practitioners alike. However, with recognition of complications, the practice has died out. We report a series of five patients who presented having injected foreign materials into the subcutaneous tissues of their penises, including paraffin and mineral oils. Our patients had a variable time course of presentation ranging from 1 day following injection to over 26 years. Self-injection of the subcutaneous tissues of the penis is an unusual presentation for a penile mass but should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with a long latent period to presentation or with characteristic magnetic resonance imaging and histological appearances.
The incidence of incisional hernias following ileostomy reversal in colorectal cancer patients treated with anterior resection
Authors: Fazekas Balazs , Fazekas Bence , Hendricks J , Smart N , Arulampalam T
Published: November 2016

INTRODUCTION

The aim of this study was to identify the rate of incisional hernia formation following ileostomy reversal in patients who underwent anterior resection for colorectal cancer. In addition, we aimed to ascertain risk factors for the development of reversal-site incisional hernias and to record the characteristics of the resultant hernias.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Using a prospectively compiled database of colorectal cancer patients who were treated with anterior resection, we identified individuals who had undergone both ileostomy formation and subsequent reversal of their ileostomies from January 2005 to December 2014. Medical records were reviewed to record descriptive patient data about risk factors for hernia formation, operative details and any subsequent operations. Computed tomography reports were reviewed to identify the number, site and characteristics of incisional hernias.

RESULTS

A total of 121 patients were included in this study; 14.9% (n = 18) developed an incisional hernia at the ileostomy reversal site; 17.4% (n = 21) at a non-ileostomy site and 6.6% (n = 8) developed both. The reversal-site hernias were smaller both in width and length compared with the non-ileostomy-site hernias. Risk factors for the development of reversal-site incisional hernias were higher body mass index (BMI), lower age, open surgery, longer reversal time and a history of previous hernias. We did not detect a difference in the size of the incisional hernias that developed in patients with these specific risk factors.

CONCLUSIONS

Incisional hernias are a significant complication of ileostomy reversal. Further evaluation of the use of prophylactic mesh to reduce the incidence of incisional hernias may be worthwhile.
A comparison of airborne bacterial fallout between orthopaedic and vascular surgery
Authors: Stather P , Salji M , Hassan S-U , Abbas M , Ahmed A , Mills H , Elston T , Backhouse C , Howard A , Choksy S
Published: November 2016

INTRODUCTION

The objective of the study was to compare bacterial fallout during vascular prosthesis insertion and orthopaedic major joint replacement performed in conventional and laminar flow ventilation, respectively.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A prospective single-centre case control study of 21 consecutive elective vascular procedures involving prosthetic graft insertion and 24 consecutive elective orthopaedic major joint replacements were tested for degree of bacterial fallout using agar settle plates. Preparation time, waiting time and total procedure duration were collected at the time of surgery, and bacterial colony counts on the agar settle plates from airborne bacterial fallout were counted after an incubation period.

RESULTS

Bacterial fallout count in vascular prosthetic graft insertion was 15-fold greater than in orthopaedic prosthetic joint insertion (15, (IQR 15) vs 1, (IQR 3) respectively, P < 0.0001, Wilcoxon). Waiting time and patient transfer did not significantly increase bacterial fallout counts during the procedure (P = 0.9).

CONCLUSIONS

Vascular surgical theatres have significantly higher bacterial fallout compared with orthopaedic theatres. This may be partly explained by orthopaedic surgery being routinely performed in laminar flow ventilation, a practice which has not been widely adopted for vascular surgery, in which prosthetic infection may also result in significant mortality and morbidity.
Evolving Use of Natriuretic Peptides as Part of Strategies for Heart Failure Prevention
Authors: McDonald Ken , Wilkinson Mark
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

Heart failure (HF) remains one of the major cardiovascular challenges to the Western world. Once established, HF is characterized by compromised life expectancy and quality of life with considerable dependence on hospital care for episodic clinical deterioration. Much is understood about the risk factors that predispose to the development of HF. With such a broad range of factors, it is clear that there is a large population at risk, potentially in excess of 25% of the adult population. Therein lies the major challenge at the outset of our efforts to prevent HF. With such a large population at risk, how do we develop an effective prevention strategy?

CONTENT

HF prevention requires a multimodal approach. In this review, we focus primarily on the role of natriuretic peptide (NP) as a tool in a prevention strategy.

Prevention of HF is a major public health challenge, underlined by the concerning epidemiological trends, the associated costs, and the continued difficulty to find effective therapies for the growing number of patients with preserved systolic function HF. Population-based approaches focusing on lifestyle and risk factor control have made some impact but not to a satisfactory level and also tend to result in a uniform approach across a population with different risk profiles. Individualizing risk is therefore required, with emerging data indicating that NP-guided risk stratification and intervention can reduce downstream incident HF and other cardiovascular events.
Dietary restraint, dietary disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger of normal weight and overweight women
Authors: Esteves Elizabethe Adriana , Oliveira-Costa Maura , Gomes-Moreno Lauane , Viana Ana Maria F. , Carvalho-Cabral Andrea , Bressan Josefina
Published: November 2016

Background: Eating behavior is a strong predictor of weight gain in adults. Research characterizing differences in components of dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger between overweight and normal weight subjects is insuffi cient.Objective: To evaluate and to compare scores of dietary restraint (DR), disinhibition (DD), and hunger (H) between women at normal weight (NW, n=32) and overweight (WW, n=32). We evaluated correlations between these scores with adiposity and food intake variables.Material and methods: It was a cross-sectional comparison of two groups (overweight and normal weight women), at ages between 20 and 40 years. We measured body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body composition (BC), energy and macronutrient intake (EMI), DR, DD and H. The differences between groups were analyzed using Student’s T or Mann-Whitney tests. Correlations among DR, DD or H and all other variables in each group were also evaluated.Results: Mean values of BMI, CC, BC, EMI, DR, DD and H were higher for WW (P<.05). Half or more of WW women had moderate or high levels of DR, DD or H. Mean scores of these variables were higher for this group (P<.05) and tended to “high level”. There was a positive correlation between the H and the EMI (P<.05) in the WW group.Conclusions: Eating behavior was associated with weight and body composition in these women, especially for WW. Strategies that address changes in cognitive control of food intake can become useful tools in controlling body weight.
Can Flaxseed Help Satisfy Appetite in Women Subjected to Bariatric Surgery?
Authors: Cosendey-Menegati Gigliane , Cohen Larissa , Carvalho-de-Mattos Fernanda Cristina , Paes-de-Miranda Mariana , Lopes-Rosado Eliane
Published: November 2016

Background: Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective immediate weight loss method for the morbidly obese, despite widely reported weight regain after a few years. Appetite, satiety and satiation control are essential to maintaining a long-term result post-surgery. Dietary fatty acids composition may be implicated in the satiety. As flaxseed is a food high in linolenic acid, we aimed to verify the influence of flaxseed fat on appetite and satiety of women after bariatric surgery.Material and methods: Six women who underwent bariatric surgery at least 2 years before participated in a single-blind crossover trial that compared the effect of two isocaloric meals on satiety, one containing whole golden flaxseed (high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber) (G1) and another withdefatted flaxseed (high in fiber) (G2), with one week of washout period. This variable was estimated by visual analogue scales in both meals at baseline (T0), immediately after ingestion (T1) and 60, 120, and 180 minutes after the meal (T60, T120 and T180). Fasting anthropometric, body composition, laboratory tests (glucose and lipids) and dietary variables, were evaluated while fasting.Results: The volunteers were obese and had excess central adiposity, even after two years of surgery and still showed habitual fibre intake below recommended levels. G1 had reduced hunger after 180 minutes compared to G2 (P=.046). Other parameters related to appetite and satiety did not differ between groups.Conclusions: Less hunger was observed after 180 minutes in whole golden flaxseed meal compared with the defatted flaxseed meal, indicating that the whole golden flaxseed meal, possibly, supports obesity treatment in the long-term after bariatric surgery by controlling appetite and satiety sensations.
Diámetro abdominal sagital: aplicaciones en la práctica clínica
Authors: Da Silva-Ferreira Thaís , De Azevedo-Abreu Gabriela , Cunha-Oliveira-Dos-Santos-Lopes Marcelly , Chaia-Kaippert Vanessa , Lopes-Rosado Eliane
Published: November 2016

El exceso de tejido adiposo visceral se asocia con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Recientemente, el diámetro abdominal sagital (DAS) se ha convertido en un indicador de obesidad central y puede ayudar en la predicción del riesgo cardiovascular. El objetivo del estudio es revisar la literatura científica sobre la utilización del DAS para evaluación nutricional de adultos. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos electrónicas SciELO , MEDLINE (PubMed) y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. El DAS se asocia con la grasa abdominal (especialmente visceral) y diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular, como resistencia a la insulina, presión arterial y lipoproteínas plasmáticas, en mayor magnitud que indicadores tradicionales como el índice de masa corporal y la relación cintura/cadera. El DAS se puede utilizar en combinación con otras medidas antropométricas. Todavía no hay puntos de corte establecidos para la clasificación. El DAS puede ser una alternativa para estimar la grasa visceral, pero el pequeño número de estudios y la falta de consenso sobre la referencia anatómica para el registro de medidas dificultan la determinación del punto de corte para su interpretación.
La nutrición en el periodo preconcepcional y los resultados del embarazo: revisión bibliográfica y propuesta de intervención del Dietista-Nutricionista
Authors: Fernández Molina Lucia , Soriano del Castillo Jose Miguel , Blesa Jarque Jesús
Published: November 2016

El estado nutricional de la madre antes y durante el embarazo se constata en los últimos años como uno de los factores ambientales más influyentes en el desarrollo fetal. Este estudio se centra en las primeras fases del proceso de gestación o periodo periconcepcional: preconcepción, concepción, implantación, placentación y embriogénesis; puesto que representan un paso crítico en los resultados del embarazo. Tras una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de 66 investigaciones publicadas entre los años 1990 y 2015, fueron el zinc, el hierro, el yodo, los ácidos grasos omega-3, el ácido fólico y otras vitaminas del grupo B, los minerales y micronutrientes para los que se han encontrado mayor evidencia de una relación positiva con el desarrollo de la descendencia. Se propone en este estudio el planteamiento de una intervención dietética por parte del Dietista-Nutricionista, tanto individual como colectiva, en el periodo preconcepcional en las mujeres en edad fértil y/o con intenciones de embarazo, pudiéndose continuar dicha intervención en los periodos de gestación, lactancia, postparto e incluso en la descendencia, reportando beneficios a largo plazo y que probablemente se mantengan y manifiesten durante toda la vida del individuo.
Los elementos de efectividad de los programas de educación nutricional infantil: la educación nutricional culinaria y sus beneficios
Authors: Al-Ali Nur , Arriaga Arrizabalaga Andrés
Published: November 2016

Actualmente existe una prevalencia alta de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles tanto en edad adulta como en edad infantil. Los programas de educación nutricional han mostrado su efectividad previniendo estas enfermedades. Algunos de los elementos de efectividad de estos programas son: la implementación de programas en las escuelas, la involucración de las familias y de toda la comunidad escolar, la proyección del programa a niños de 6 a 12 años de edad, el aprendizaje basado en la práctica, el programa educacional basado en teorías o la elaboración de herramientas necesarias para producir cambios conductuales. La educación nutricional culinaria o la educación en habilidades culinarias se presenta como una de las modalidades más eficaces pues el aprendizaje práctico sobre cómo preparar y cocinar los alimentos saludables ha demostrado beneficios como: el incremento del consumo de frutas y verduras, la mejora de las habilidades culinarias, la mejora de las creencias acerca de la alimentación, la mejora de las conductas alimentarias, la prevención de la obesidad infantil y la mejora de las elecciones dietéticas. A pesar de los beneficios descritos, se hace necesario tener un conocimiento más profundo e investigar en las variables de efectividad de la educación nutricional culinaria, especialmente en España.
Valoración de la efectividad de la educación alimentaria en niños preescolares, padres y educadores
Authors: Rodrigo-Cano Susana , Soriano José Miguel , Aldas-Manzano Joaquín
Published: November 2016

Introducción: La etapa infantil es el momento en el que se desarrollan los factores de riesgo que pueden desencadenar en edades adultas enfermedades relacionadas con la alimentación. Éste es el momento adecuado para instaurar las bases de una alimentación saludable. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea de niños, los conocimientos sobre hábitos saludables de niños, padres y profesores antes y después de una intervención de educación alimentaria, así como evaluar su eficacia.Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que participaron 94 estudiantes de edades comprendidas entre 3 y 6 años, 12 padres y 8 profesores. Se calculó el grado de conocimientos sobre hábitos saludables mediante cuestionarios ad hoc de todos ellos y la adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea de los niños mediante el Test de Calidad de la Dieta Mediterránea en la infancia y la adolescencia.Resultados: Se consiguió un aumento significativo en los conocimientos globales sobre hábitos saludables (t=-6,29; p<0,001), así como los referentes al número de comidas (t=-2,35; p<0,05) y frecuencia de consumo de fruta (t=-3,92; p<0,01), verdura (t=-2,35; p<0,05) y pescado (t=-7,42; p<0,001) de los padres y en los conocimientos sobre actividad física (t=-2,58; p<0,05) de los niños. Los padres de los niños con mayor adherencia a la Dieta Mediterránea mejoraron sus conocimientos sobre hábitos saludables de manera significativa (ρ=0,75; p<0,01).Conclusiones: Son necesarias intervenciones educativas dirigidas a niños, padres y educadores para aumentar los conocimientos sobre alimentación saludable. Con intervenciones de educación alimentaria se consigue una mejora en los conocimientos de los padres, principales responsables de la alimentación de los menores.
Diseño de un cuestionario para evaluar el equilibrio alimentario de menús escolares
Authors: Llorens-Ivorra Cristóbal , Quiles-Izquierdo Joan , Richart-Martínez Miguel , Arroyo-Bañuls Ilona
Published: November 2016

Objetivo: Diseñar un cuestionario para evaluar el equilibrio alimentario de menús escolares, basado en un índice y una escala que lo cuantifique.Material y Métodos: Estudio instrumental para la creación y la validación de contenido de un cuestionario para la evaluación del equilibrio alimentario y clasificación de menús escolares, a través de recomendaciones de organismos oficiales y panel de expertos. Se estudió frecuencia de grupos de alimentos, técnicas culinarias, adecuada información y combinación. Se resumió en un índice y una escala de equilibrio.Resultados: Se elaboró la herramienta con la recomendación de los expertos y las nuevas recomendaciones de organismos oficiales, proponiendo un índice de 17 ítems y la escala de 4, de muy poco equilibrado a equilibrado.Conclusiones: Se ha propuesto una herramienta cualitativa completa y fácil de usar. Es necesaria la validación del cuestionario, junto con el índice y la escala, que se propone para posteriores trabajos.
Efectos del consumo del beta-glucano de la avena sobre el colesterol sanguíneo: una revisión
Authors: Aparicio Vizuete Aránzazu , Ortega Anta Rosa María
Published: November 2016

Las cifras sanguíneas de colesterol total y de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) elevadas se consideran como uno de los más importantes factores de riesgo de enfermedad coronaria. La avena es un cereal rico en proteínas, lípidos, vitaminas, minerales y fibra soluble, entre las que se incluye el beta-glucano. Debido a las características físico-químicas del beta-glucano, se ha propuesto que la avena pudiera contribuir a disminuir las cifras de colesterol sanguíneo, así como a controlar la glucosa plasmática postprandial y la respuesta insulínica. Numerosos estudios señalan que el consumo de un mínimo de 3 g/día de beta-glucano de forma regular, como parte de una dieta con un bajo contenido en grasa saturada y colesterol, puede contribuir a disminuir el riesgo de enfermedad coronaria, tal y como han aprobado diversas agencias reguladoras, como la Food and Drug Administration de Estados Unidos o la Agencia Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria.
Biodisponibilidad de compuestos fenólicos dietéticos: Revisión
Authors: Gutiérrez-Grijalva Erick Gutiérrez-Grijalva Paul , Ambriz-Pérez Dulce Libna , Leyva-López Nayely , Castillo-López Ramón Ignacio , Heredia José Basilio
Published: November 2016

Los compuestos fenólicos son ubicuos en alimentos de origen vegetal. La alta ingesta de frutas, vegetales y cereales está relacionada con un bajo índice en padecimientos crónicos. Se cree que los compuestos fenólicos son, en parte, responsables de este efecto benéfico. Sin embargo, la bioaccesibilidad y biotransformación de los compuestos fenólicos generalmente no es considerada en este tipo de estudios. Por lo tanto, no se ha podido obtener un mecanismo de acción de los compuestos fenólicos. En este trabajo, presentamos una revisión de literatura de los procesos metabólicos a través de los cuales los compuestos fenólicos son sometidos despuésde ser ingeridos.
Actividades de educación alimentaria y nutricional en escolares de 3º de primaria en el Colegio Público “La Serranica” de Aspe (Alicante): Experiencia piloto
Authors: Martínez-García Alba , Trescastro-López Eva María
Published: November 2016

Introducción: La obesidad y el sobrepeso son uno de los principales factores de riesgo en el mundo actualmente. En España, más de la mitad de la población infantil está por encima de su peso ideal. El objetivo de este estudio fue mostrar la experiencia piloto de intervención de educación alimentaria y nutricional que se llevó a cabo en el colegio público “La Serranica” de Aspe (España) para promover la adquisición de conocimientos y hábitos alimentarios saludables y evaluar su impacto.Material y Métodos: El estudio se realizó en una población de 28 escolares de 3º de primaria del colegio “La Serranica” de Aspe, Alicante (España).Resultados: La respuesta de los alumnos fue positiva. Al finalizar la intervención, más del 70% de los niños identificaron correctamente la colocación de alimentos en la pirámide, la temporada de frutas y verduras y la composición de un desayuno saludable. Sin embargo, dos años después disminuyeron los porcentajes, excepto el que reconoció un desayuno saludable (89%). En el almuerzo, aumentó el consumo de frutas un 18% y disminuyó el consumo de bollería y zumos comerciales. Dos años después de la intervención, ningún niño tomaba para almorzar bollería, y lo más consumido era bocadillo y/o fruta.Conclusiones: Una intervención educativa sobre alimentación y nutrición produce cambios positivos sobre la población, mejorando significativamente el conocimiento y consumo de alimentos saludables. Por ello, se puede afirmar que los programas de educación alimentaria y nutricional son necesarios en la sociedad actual para prevenir el exceso de peso y promover hábitos saludables.
Balance hídrico en jugadoras amateur de baloncesto: seguimiento en 10 partidos
Authors: Batalla-Gavalda Abraham , Bofill-Ródenas Ana Maria , Corbi-Soler Francisco , Montoliu-Colás Raúl , Planas-Anzano Antoni
Published: November 2016

Introducción: El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la evolución de las necesidades hídricas de un equipo de baloncesto femenino amateur, en situación de partido y durante toda una fase eliminatoria, a partir de la pérdida de peso experimentada. Además, se analizó la existencia de posibles diferencias en el nivel de deshidratación en función de la posición de juego.Material y Métodos: Estudio piloto de un solo grupo con mediciones antes de la competición y después de la competición. Jugadoras amateurs de baloncesto (n=10) y sus recipientes de rehidratación fueron pesadas antes y después de los 10 partidos analizados. Las variaciones de peso fueron evaluadas teniendo en cuenta el líquido ingerido de los bidones de reposición y el líquido evacuado a través de la orina.Resultados: Los resultados de este estudio sugieren la existencia de diferencias significativas entre el peso corporal antes y después de cada partido (z=8,551; p<,0005). La magnitud de estas diferencias parece ser muy distinta en función del partido y la jugadora analizada, con valores medios que oscilan entre los 0,63kg (0,9% Peso Corporal) y los 0,95kg (1,37% Peso Corporal) de pérdida de peso corporal. Además, no se observaron diferencias significativas en el nivel de deshidratación en función de la posición de juego (F=1,59; p=0,1929).Conclusiones: Se confirma la existencia de una alta variabilidad intra e interpersonal en cuanto a la pérdida de masa corporal durante los 10 partidos analizados, lo que sugiere la necesidad de una monitorización y rehidratación individualizada.
Ítems de referencia para publicar Protocolos de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis: Declaración PRISMA-P 2015
Authors: Estarli Mireia , Aguilar Barrera Eliud Salvador , Martínez-Rodríguez Rodrigo , Baladia Eduard , Duran Agüero Samuel , Camacho Saby , Buhring Kristian , Herrero-López Aitor , Gil-González Diana Maria
Published: November 2016

Las revisiones sistemáticas deben establecerse sobre la base de un protocolo que describa la justificación, la hipótesis y los métodos planificados de la revisión, antes de su realización o publicación; sin embargo pocas revisiones publicadas informan sobre la existencia previa de un protocolo. Disponer de un protocolo detallado y bien escrito puede facilitar la comprensión y valoración de la metodología de la revisión, así como la detección de modificaciones en la metodología o la publicación selectiva en revisiones completadas. El presente trabajo describe el desarrollo de unas directrices de presentación de la información, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses for Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015). Las directrices PRISMA-P se componen de una lista de verificación de 17 elementos que pretenden facilitar la preparación y presentación de un protocolo sólido para la revisión sistemática. Las instituciones financiadoras y quienes encargan las revisiones podrían considerar la posibilidad de exigir la lista de verificación, a fin de facilitar la presentación de la información relevante del protocolo, para solicitar financiación. De forma similar, los revisores por pares y editores pueden utilizar las directrices para determinar la integridad y transparencia de un protocolo de revisión sistemática presentado a una revista u otro medio para su publicación.Traducción con permiso de los/las autores/as. Los autores originales no han revisado ni verificado la traducción del manuscrito al español, y no necesariamente están de acuerdo con su contenido.
Enfoque teórico del crecimiento físico de niños y adolescentes
Authors: Gomez-Campos Rossana , Arruda Miguel , Luarte-Rocha Cristian , Urra Albornoz Camilo , Almonacid Fierro Alejandro , Cossio-Bolaños Marco
Published: November 2016

El estudio del crecimiento físico permite comprender la variabilidad de este proceso en el ser humano de acuerdo con su potencial genético, características biológicas y factores ambientales. Factores extrínsecos como intrínsecos, podrían afectar el normal proceso de crecimiento físico, los que son estudiados a través de diferentes tipos de investigaciones, constituyéndose en una interesante temática para los profesionales de las ciencias de la salud. El objetivo del estudio es analizar los factores que afectan el crecimiento físico y describir los tipos de investigación transversal, longitudinal y ex post facto utilizados en el estudio del crecimiento físico. Los factores intrínsecos, medioambientales y la interacción entre ambos, deberían ser abordados en diversas poblaciones, priorizando los posibles factores que afectan al crecimiento físico de niños y adolescentes. Esto permitirá diagnosticar, clasificar y monitorizar el crecimiento físico en función del tiempo (transversal y longitudinal) y retrospectiva (ex post facto); consecuentemente surgirá la posibilidad para que investigadores y/o instituciones privadas y gubernamentales promuevan la realización de estudios antropométricos validados que puedan contribuir a ejercer políticas sanitarias eficaces, para diversos fines como son el exceso de peso en la edad infantil y otras entidades nosológicas relacionadas con la nutrición.
Estado Nutricional y Percepción de la Imagen Corporal de Embarazadas asistidas en Centros de Salud de Salta Capital, Argentina
Authors: Borelli María Florencia , Mayorga Meri , De la Vega Sara María , Contreras Nelly Beatriz , Tolaba Adriana Marisol , Passamai María Inmaculada
Published: November 2016

Introducción: La auto-percepción corporal es un constructo teórico ligado a la identidad, a sentimientos, a conductas y al ciclo vital de las personas. El embarazo implica cambios físicos y emocionales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir el estado nutricional y la percepción corporal de gestantes.Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, entrevistando 302 embarazadas con control prenatal en 8 Centros de Salud, de Salta Capital (Primer Nivel de Atención). La muestra fue no probabilística de casos consecutivos. Variables: edad, estado nutricional actual y percepción de la imagen corporal. Se realizó análisis descriptivo con frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y se aplicó prueba Chi Cuadrado.Resultados: El 24% de las embarazadas fueron adolescentes. Un 27% con sobrepeso y obesidad y 12% con bajo peso. El 42% sin distorsión de su imagen corporal, sobreestimaron el 43% de las embarazadas; sin embargo la mayoría de ellas tenían un estado nutricional normal. El 15% que subestimó su imagen corporal la mayoría se encontraba en sobrepeso y obesidad. Las adolescentes mayormente se percibieron muy excedidas de peso (54%). Se encontró asociación significativa entre percepción corporal y edad (χ2= 12,639; gl= 4; p=0,013), y entre estado nutricional y percepción de la imagen corporal (χ2=68,3; gl=6; p=0,000).Conclusiones: La imagen corporal puede ser una preocupación durante el período de gestación. Las embarazadas adolescentes estudiadas presentaron sobreestimación de su imagen corporal. Las madres excedidas de peso subestimaron su imagen corporal.
O método científico na visão de graduandos em ciências biológicas - licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Sergipe/Campus São Cristóvão
Authors: Carvalho Laís De Jesus , Almeida Ismael De , Guimarães Carmen Regina Parisotto
Published: November 2016

O Ensino de Ciências normalmente apresenta um amplo direcionamento à exploração do produto final das atividades e não o processo de construção do conhecimento científico. Dessa forma, nota-se a importância de conhecer quais concepções de método científico graduandos em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Sergipe possuem, já que tais concepções podem interferir na sua forma de aprendizagem. Foram aplicados 88 questionários a fim de conhecer essas concepções. Observou-se que os graduandos, em sua maior parte, vêem o Método científico como um conjunto de normas ou um sistema de pesquisas padronizado em que há sempre a observação de um fato para elaboração de uma teoria. Dessa forma, faz-se necessária uma maior discussão sobre como o conhecimento científico é produzido e sua importância para a sociedade.
O que sabem os alunos de escolas estaduais em Aracaju/Se a respeito dos conceitos de preservação e biodiversidade?
Authors: De Oliveira Crislaine , Parisotto Guimarães Carmen Regina
Published: November 2016

Sergipe apresenta uma grande diversidade de ecossistemas, no entanto, a ocupação territorial nesse estado levou a grande perda de seu patrimônio natural. Frente a isso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a percepção dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental de dez escolas da rede estadual de educação do município de Aracaju/se, em relação aos conceitos de preservação e biodiversidade, e temas relacionados à Educação Ambiental. Para isso, foram aplicados 244 questionários, utilizando-se de questões abertas sobre os conceitos de Preservação e Biodiversidade. Os resultados mostraram que os alunos tem conhecimento parcial dos conceitos e mostraram conhecer algumas estratégias de preservação, além de realiza-las em seu meio. No entanto, uma grande parcela não conceituou ou não soube conceituar, o que pode indicar dificuldades de compreensão ou na forma de se expressar.
Níveis de conhecimento esperados dos alunos: uma ferramenta na análise de questões utilizadas na avaliação de uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS)
Authors: Ribeiro Tiago Nery , Souza Divanízia Nascimento
Published: November 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo identificar os resultados acerca da análise inicial e final de uma Unidade de Ensino Potencialmente Significativa (UEPS), discutindo quais as questões que podem proporcionar a identificação das concepções prévias e da evolução conceitual acerca dos níveis de conhecimento esperados dos alunos. O referencial teórico utilizado foi o da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David P. Ausubel e dos níveis de conhecimento esperados dos alunos, de Robert. A pesquisa foi do tipo qualitativa, e utilizamos como metodologia um teste inicial para análise inicial dos conhecimentos prévios dos alunos e um teste final para análise da sua evolução conceitual. Concluímos que os Níveis de Conhecimento se tornaram uma importante ferramenta de sala de aula para construção e avaliação de uma UEPS, proporcionando um melhor direcionamento para o trabalho das situações e atividades utilizadas, o reconhecimento dos conhecimentos prévios e a evolução conceitual dos alunos.
Experimentação real versus experimentação ideal no ensino de ciências e a prática do pensamento crítico
Authors: Dos Santos Graziane Gomes , Souza Divanízia Do Nascimento
Published: November 2016

Este artigo tem por finalidade demonstrar a visão dos mestrandos do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática a respeito do uso de atividades práticas no Ensino de Ciências. A abordagem envolveu os entrevistados na tentativa de identificar e refletir as potencialidades da experimentação na formação do pensamento crítico, e quando é necessário utilizar um experimento real ou ideal. A metodologia empregada permitiu perceber a interferência do ensino indutivista quando se pretende mediatizar a aprendizagem. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer a visão dos alunos de mestrado sobre a importância de desenvolver a experimentação como ferramenta didática.