bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Muon Spectroscopy
Authors: Jayasooriya Upali A. , Grinter Roger
Published: January 2010

This chapter provides a simple introduction to muon spectroscopy, beginning with some of the basic techniques used to produce muons, their relevant physical properties, and the consequences of implantation of muons into matter. An introduction to the theoretical aspects of the description of muons, electrons, and protons in magnetic fields, and to the interactions between these particles, is used as a basis for the discussion of a variety of experiments with transverse‐field and longitudinal‐field muon spectroscopies. These include muon spin relaxation, rotation, and resonance measurements. A very brief account of studies of chemical interest illustrates some of the types of information that can be extracted from muon spectroscopic measurements. The extensive list of references should enable readers to develop their knowledge further leading to an extension of the range of measurements on chemical and biological samples — areas where, we believe, wide‐ranging opportunities for original applications to well‐established problems exist.
Agricultural Biotechnology, Social Ethics, and Family Farms
Authors: Burkhardt Jeffrey
Published: January 2010

After nearly a century of neglect, agriculture is receiving increased attention from intellectuals concerned with social ethics. Along with the ethical dimensions of agriculture's impact on the environment and nonhuman animals, one fundamental ethical concern is the plight of the family farm, the traditional farming unit around the globe. The family farm is considered by many ethicists to have special moral, cultural, or political‐economic significance, and various social and economic forces—especially new agricultural technologies—appear to threaten to drive the family farm to extinction. The increased reliance on high technology approaches to farming, and the increasing dependence of agriculture on other sectors of the economy, especially manufacturing and petrochemical refining, is referred to as the industrialization of agriculture. While the industrialization of agriculture has been a century‐long trend, the emergence of agricultural biotechnology in the 1970s heightened concerns that the family farm was becoming even more threatened. This is because agricultural biotechnology was thought to benefit primarily (or exclusively) large, already industrialized farms. If, as some people argue, society has some ethical obligation to protect or save family farms, then industrialization overall, and the new agricultural biotechnologies in particular, are cause for serious ethical concern. Independent of religious or environmental objections to biotechnology, there are three “family farm critiques” of agricultural biotechnology. These are based on the potential damage biotechnology might inflict on (1) an important political‐economic entity, (2) a cherished symbol if not the embodiment of basic moral values, and (3) the solution to long‐term natural resource problems.
Biosensors, Toxicity Monitoring
Authors: Ornatska Maryna , Ganesana Mallikarjunarao , Andreescu Silvana
Published: January 2010

The need for simple, rapid, cost‐effective, and field‐portable screening methods has boosted development in the field of biosensors. This article reviews recent advances in the field of toxicity biosensors for monitoring chemical and biological toxicants, with a focus on how such technologies can be adapted to toxicity monitoring. Current efforts in this direction are concentrated toward disposable devices for screening and semiquantitative analysis. These can be designed to detect a single specific analyte or can provide general or group toxicity screening, depending on the design parameters and the specificity of the biomolecule. Relevant, specific applications and the analytical performance of biosensors for toxicity monitoring of several classes of chemical toxins are discussed.
Contamination Detection and Elimination in Plant Cell Culture
Authors: Cassells Alan C. , Doyle‐Prestwich Barbara
Published: January 2010

Biological contamination in plant cell cultures originates from two sources, namely, from the tissue used to initiate the culture, and from the laboratory environment. Contaminants transferred in or on the plant material include plant pathogens and environmental microorganisms. Most epiphytes are eliminated by surface sterilants; however, these do not eliminate endophytic organisms. Endophytes may be intercellular pathogens, as well as opportunistic and adapted colonizers originating from the environment; or intracellular viruses, viroids, and bacteria. While thermo‐ and chemo‐therapy are used to eliminate pathogens from stock plants, the main strategy used is meristem tip (“apical meristem”) culture. The principle of meristem culture is that most endophytes are absent from apical tissue. In some cases, it may be considered desirable to establish cultures from differentiated plant tissues, for example those expressing the production of secondary metabolites or proteins of interest. Use of the latter explants poses a high risk of introducing endophytes into culture.

Aseptic cultures may become contaminated in the laboratory due to failure of sterile technique or equipment malfunction. Laboratory contamination is caused by plant‐associated, environmental, and human‐associated bacteria; yeasts; and microarthropods. Most microbial contaminants are expressed (i.e. grow) on plant tissue culture media but some may be latent (i.e. not expressed) or subliminal. Detection, and at least partial identification, is a prerequisite for the control and elimination of laboratory contamination. Some microorganisms are biomarkers for system failures. It may not be possible to control fast‐growing microorganisms before they overrun the culture but slow‐growing, or latent microorganisms, can be treated with antibiotics.

The preventive approach advocated here is based on screening of the stock plants for pathogens and microbial endophytes, establishment of aseptic cultures via meristem explants, and good laboratory practice (GLP) based on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). The use of antibiotics to treat chronic infections of cell cultures is also discussed.
Culture Establishment, Plant Cell
Authors: Eibl Regine , Eibl Dieter , Rischer Heiko , Ritala Anneli , Oksman‐caldentey Kirsi‐marja
Published: January 2010

Alternatively to whole plants, plant cell cultures are used to produce bioactive substances for food industry, cosmetics and pharmacy. This mainly concerns secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins (so‐called plant made proteins, PMPs). Among the employed culture types (which comprise suspension cultures, root cultures and shoot cultures), plant cell suspensions induced via callus cultures dominate. This fact can be explained by the suspension culture's morphology being less complex than those of root and shoot cultures, which allows easier cell banking and cultivation up to m3‐scale.

Based on a summary of semi‐ and commercial plant cell‐derived products the preferable culture types and their establishment are described in more detail. Finally, most common indirect and direct methods of gene transformation (Agrobacterium‐and virus‐mediated transformation, particle bombardment, polyethylene glycol method, electroporation, microinjection) and of cell banking (slow growth storage, cryopreservation) are discussed for highly productive cell lines of plant origin.
How to Write a Research Manuscript
Authors: Frank Deborah J.
Published: January 2010

This unit provides a step‐by‐step guide to help you turn your high‐quality data into a high‐quality manuscript for publication in a scientific journal. It covers all aspects of the writing process, including: choosing a journal to which to submit your paper, how to proceed through writing each section, formulating your “story,” making figures, soliciting constructive criticism, and navigating the review process. Curr. Protoc. Essential Lab. Tech. 2:A.5C.1‐A.5C.18. © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
In Situ Hybridization to Identify Gut Stem Cells
Authors: Gregorieff Alex , Clevers Hans
Published: January 2010

In recent years, considerable effort has been directed towards identifying the repertoire of genes specifically expressed in adult stem cells. In this unit, we describe an in situ hybridization protocol adapted for the analysis of gene expression in the intestinal mucosa. This methodology allows researchers to quickly visualize the expression profile of putative stem cell markers with a high degree of sensitivity and resolution. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 12:2F.1.1‐2F.1.11. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High K Capacitors and OFET Gate Dielectrics from Self‐Assembled BaTiO3 and (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Nanocrystals in the Superparaelectric Limit
Authors: Huang Limin , Jia Zhang , Kymissis Ioannis , O'Brien Stephen
Published: January 2010

Nanodielectrics is an emerging field with applications in capacitors, gate dielectrics, energy storage, alternatives to Li‐ion batteries, and frequency modulation in communications devices. Self‐assembly of high k dielectric nanoparticles is a highly attractive means to produce nanostructured films with improved performance—namely dielectric tunability, low leakage, and low loss—as a function of size, composition, and structure. One of the major challenges is conversion of the nanoparticle building block into a reliable thin film device at conditions consistent with integrated device manufacturing or plastic electronics. Here, the development of BaTiO3 and (Ba,Sr)TiO3 superparaelectric uniform nanocrystal (8–12 nm) films prepared at room temperature by evaporative driven assembly with no annealing step is reported. Thin film inorganic and polymer composite capacitors show dielectric constants in the tunable range of 10–30, dependent on composition, and are confirmed to be superparaelectric. Organic thin film transistor (TFT) devices on flexible substrates demonstrate the readiness of nanoparticle‐assembled films as gate dielectrics in device fabrication.
Topotactic Conversion Route to Mesoporous Quasi‐Single‐Crystalline Co3O4 Nanobelts with Optimizable Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Tian Li , Zou Hongli , Fu Junxiang , Yang Xianfeng , Wang Yi , Guo Hongliang , Fu Xionghui , Liang Chaolun , Wu Mingmei , Shen Pei Kang , Gao Qiuming
Published: January 2010

The growth of mesoporous quasi‐single‐crystalline Co3O4 nanobelts by topotactic chemical transformation from α‐Co(OH)2 nanobelts is realized. During the topotactic transformation process, the primary α‐Co(OH)2 nanobelt frameworks can be preserved. The phases, crystal structures, morphologies, and growth behavior of both the precursory and resultant products are characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy—scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Detailed investigation of the formation mechanism of the porous Co3O4 nanobelts indicates topotactic nucleation and oriented growth of textured spinel Co3O4 nanowalls (nanoparticles) inside the nanobelts. Co3O4 nanocrystals prefer [0001] epitaxial growth direction of hexagonal α‐Co(OH)2 nanobelts due to the structural matching of [0001] α‐Co(OH)2//[111] Co3O4. The surface‐areas and pore sizes of the spinel Co3O4 products can be tuned through heat treatment of α‐Co(OH)2 precursors at different temperatures. The galvanostatic cycling measurement of the Co3O4 products indicates that their charge–discharge performance can be optimized. In the voltage range of 0.0–3.0 V versus Li+/Li at 40 mA g−1, reversible capacities of a sample consisting of mesoporous quasi‐single‐crystalline Co3O4 nanobelts can reach up to 1400 mA h g−1, much larger than the theoretical capacity of bulk Co3O4 (892 mA h g−1).
Nanopatterning by an Integrated Process Combining Capillary Force Lithography and Microcontact Printing
Authors: Duan Xuexin , Zhao Yiping , Perl András , Berenschot Erwin , Reinhoudt David N. , Huskens Jurriaan
Published: January 2010

A novel nanopatterning process was developed by combining capillary force lithography (CFL) and microcontact printing (µCP). Flat polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was used as the substrate in CFL, and after chemical functionalization, as the stamp in µCP, which increased the resolution of both methods. The polymer patterns, produced by CFL on a thin polymer film on the flat PDMS substrate, acted as a mask to oxidize the uncovered regions of the PDMS. The chemical patterns were subsequently formed by gas phase evaporation of a fluorinated silane. After removal of the polymer, these stamps were used to transfer thiol inks to a gold substrate by µCP. Gold patterns at a scale of less than 100 nm were successfully replicated by these chemically patterned flat PDMS stamps.
Survival of Texas infants born with trisomies 21, 18, and 13
Authors: Vendola Catherine , Canfield Mark , Daiger Stephen P. , Gambello Michael , Hashmi S. Shahrukh , King Terri , Noblin Sarah J. , Waller D. Kim , Hecht Jacqueline T.
Published: January 2010

Trisomies 21, 18, and 13 are the three most common trisomies among infants who survive to 20 weeks gestation or more. Overall information about birth prevalence, natural history, and mortality for all three trisomies is well defined, but information about ethnic‐specific rates is limited. Only a few studies have examined mortality rates of trisomies 18 and 13 because so few cases are liveborn and most have very short life spans. This study assessed ethnic‐specific population‐based survival probabilities among infants for each trisomy. All cases of trisomies 21, 18, and 13 born in Texas between 1999 and 2003 were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry and included 2,260 cases of trisomy 21, 398 cases of trisomy 18, and 213 cases of trisomy 13. Date and cause of death were obtained from the Texas vital statistics records and the National Death Index. Overall, birth prevalence rates (per 10,000 adjusted live births) for the three trisomies were 11.74 (95% CI: 11.25–12.25), 1.34 (95% CI: 1.18–1.52), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.79–1.07), respectively, and are consistent with previously reported rates. There were no differences in survival rates by ethnicity and the median survival for each trisomy was consistent with previous reports. The results of this study provide comprehensive population‐based information for survival of infants with trisomies 21, 18, and 13. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What's new in neurofibromatosis? Proceedings from the 2009 NF Conference: New Frontiers
Authors: Kissil Joseph L. , Blakeley Jaishri O. , Ferner Rosalie E. , Huson Susan M. , Kalamarides Michel , Mautner Victor‐Felix , McCormick Frank , Morrison Helen , Packer Roger , Ramesh Vijaya , Ratner Nancy , Rauen Katherine A. , Stevenson David A. , Hunter‐Schaedle Kim , North Kathryn
Published: January 2010

The NF Conference is the largest annual gathering of researchers and clinicians focused on neurofibromatosis and has been convened by the Children's Tumor Foundation for over 20 years. The 2009 NF Conference was held in Portland, Oregon from June 13 to June 16, 2009 and co‐chaired by Kathryn North from the University of Sydney and The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia; and Joseph Kissil from the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia. The Conference included 80 platform presentations in 9 sessions over 4 days; over 100 abstracts presented as posters; and three Keynote presentations. To date, there have been tremendous advances in basic research in the pathogenesis of neurofibromatosis, and more recently in progress toward identifying effective drug therapies and the commencement of neurofibromatosis clinical trials. The NF Conference attendees have significantly increased (doubling from 140 in 2005 to 280 attending in 2009) with a significant increase in attendance of physicians and clinical researchers. Correspondingly the NF Conference scope has expanded to include translational research, clinical trials and clinical management issues while retaining a core of basic research. These themes are reflected in the highlights from the 2009 NF Conference presented here. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pancreatic hypoplasia presenting with neonatal diabetes mellitus in association with congenital heart defect and developmental delay
Authors: Balasubramanian M. , Shield J.P.H. , Acerini C.L. , Walker J. , Ellard S. , Marchand M. , Polak M. , Vaxillaire M. , Crolla J.A. , Bunyan D.J. , Mackay D.J.G. , Temple I.K.
Published: January 2010

Congenital pancreatic hypoplasia is a rare cause of neonatal diabetes. We report on a series of three patients with pancreatic agenesis and congenital heart defects. All had abdominal scan evidence of pancreatic agenesis. In addition, Patient 1 had a ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary artery stenosis; Patient 2 had a truncus arteriosus and Patient 3 had tetralogy of Fallot. Two of the three patients have developmental delay. All three patients were isolated cases within the family. Investigations included sequencing of GCK, ABCC8, IPF1, NEUROD1, PTF1A, HNF1B, INS, ISL1, NGN3, HHEX, G6PC2, TCF7L2, SOX4, FOXP3 (Patients 1 and 2), GATA4 and KCNJ11 genes (all three patients), but no mutations were found. Genetic investigation to exclude paternal UPD 6, methylation aberrations and duplications of 6q24 was also negative in all three. 22q11 deletion was excluded in all three patients. Array CGH in Patient (1) showed a ∼250 kb, paternally inherited duplication of chromosome 12q [arr cgh 12q24.33 (B35:CHR12:131808577–132057649++) pat], not found in the other two patients. Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus due to pancreatic hypoplasia with congenital heart defects has been reported before and may represent a distinct condition. We discuss this rare association and review previously reported literature. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An interstitial 15q11‐q14 deletion: Expanded Prader‐Willi syndrome phenotype
Authors: Butler Merlin G. , Bittel Douglas C. , Kibiryeva Nataliya , Cooley Linda D. , Yu Shihui
Published: January 2010

We present an infant girl with a de novo interstitial deletion of the chromosome 15q11‐q14 region, larger than the typical deletion seen in Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS). She presented with features seen in PWS including hypotonia, a poor suck, feeding problems, and mild micrognathia. She also presented with features not typically seen in PWS such as preauricular ear tags, a high‐arched palate, edematous feet, coarctation of the aorta, a PDA, and a bicuspid aortic valve. G‐banded chromosome analysis showed a large de novo deletion of the proximal long arm of chromosome 15 confirmed using FISH probes (D15511 and GABRB3). Methylation testing was abnormal and consistent with the diagnosis of PWS. Because of the large appearing deletion by karyotype analysis, an array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was performed. A 12.3 Mb deletion was found which involved the 15q11‐q14 region containing approximately 60 protein coding genes. This rare deletion was approximately twice the size of the typical deletion seen in PWS and involved the proximal breakpoint BP1 and the distal breakpoint was located in the 15q14 band between previously recognized breakpoints BP5 and BP6. The deletion extended slightly distal to the AVEN gene including the neighboring CHRM5 gene. There is no evidence that the genes in the 15q14 band are imprinted; therefore, their potential contribution in this patient's expanded PWS phenotype must be a consequence of dosage sensitivity of the genes or due to altered expression of intact neighboring genes from a position effect. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aarskog–Scott syndrome: Clinical update and report of nine novel mutations of the FGD1 gene
Authors: Orrico A. , Galli L. , Faivre L. , Clayton‐Smith J. , Azzarello‐Burri S.M. , Hertz J.M. , Jacquemont S. , Taurisano R. , Arroyo Carrera I. , Tarantino E. , Devriendt K. , Melis D. , Thelle T. , Meinhardt U. , Sorrentino V.
Published: January 2010

Mutations in the FGD1 gene have been shown to cause Aarskog–Scott syndrome (AAS), or facio‐digito‐genital dysplasia (OMIM#305400), an X‐linked disorder characterized by distinctive genital and skeletal developmental abnormalities with a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes. To date, 20 distinct mutations have been reported, but little phenotypic data are available on patients with molecularly confirmed AAS. In the present study, we report on our experience of screening for mutations in the FGD1 gene in a cohort of 60 European patients with a clinically suspected diagnosis of AAS. We identified nine novel mutations in 11 patients (detection rate of 18.33%), including three missense mutations (p.R402Q; p.S558W; p.K748E), four truncating mutations (p.Y530X; p.R656X; c.806delC; c.1620delC), one in‐frame deletion (c.2020_2022delGAG) and the first reported splice site mutation (c.1935+3A>C). A recurrent mutation (p.R656X) was detected in three independent families. We did not find any evidence for phenotype–genotype correlations between type and position of mutations and clinical features. In addition to the well‐established phenotypic features of AAS, other clinical features are also reported and discussed. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpected finding of a paternal premutation of the fragile X FMR1 gene in a female fetus of a premutation carrier mother
Authors: Pomponi M. Grazia , Pietrobono Roberta , Neri Caterina , Chiurazzi Pietro , Neri Giovanni
Published: January 2010

We report on the fortuitous finding of a paternal premutation of the FMR1 gene during prenatal diagnosis in a female fetus whose mother was known to be a premutation carrier. Analysis of the DNA, extracted from cultured cells obtained by chorionic villus sampling, demonstrated the presence in the fetus of two FMR1 alleles of 23 and 71 CGG repeats, respectively. Chromosome analysis confirmed a normal female karyotype. The mother was known to be carrier of a normal allele of 23 repeats and a premutation of 79 repeats. Because the 23‐CGG repeat allele is uncommon, we wanted to confirm its presence in the father, also given that a reduction in size from 79 to 71 repeats of the putative maternal allele is an unlikely event. Analysis of the father's DNA did in fact show that he is a carrier of a 69‐CGG premutated allele. Therefore, the fetus inherited the normal 23‐CGG allele from the mother and the 71‐CGG allele from the father. Although a parental couple composed of two premutation carriers is rare, this case illustrates the importance of characterizing both parental genotypes when the results of prenatal diagnosis suggest an unusual segregation of the mutant and/or normal allele. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and Characterization of Chiral Oxazaborolidine Complex Immobilized SBA‐15 and Its Application in the Asymmetric Reduction of Prochiral Ketones
Authors: Balakrishnan Umesh , Ananthi Nallamuthu , Selvan Sakthivel Tamil , Pal Ravindra , Ariga Katsuhiko , Velmathi Sivan , Vinu Ajayan
Published: January 2010

The immobilization of chiral oxazaborolidine complex in the well‐ordered mesochannels of SBA‐15 is demonstrated by a postsynthetic approach using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane as a reactive surface modifier. The immobilized catalysts are characterized by various techniques, such as XRD, nitrogen adsorption, HRSEM, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy. The catalysts are used for the enantioselective reduction of aromatic prochiral ketones. The activity of the chiral oxazaborolidine complex immobilized SBA‐15 catalysts is also compared with that of the pure chiral oxazaborolidine complex, which is a homogeneous catalyst. It is found that the activity of the chiral complex immobilized SBA‐15 heterogeneous catalyst is comparable with that of the homogeneous catalyst.
Predicting domain‐specific risk taking with the HEXACO personality structure
Authors: Weller Joshua A. , Tikir Aysel
Published: January 2010

Although risk taking traditionally has been viewed as a unitary, stable individual difference variable, emerging evidence in behavioral decision‐making research suggests that risk taking is a domain‐specific construct. Utilizing a psychological risk‐return framework that regresses risk taking on the perceived benefits and perceived riskiness of an activity (Weber & Milliman, 1997), this study examined the relations between risk attitude and broad personality dimensions using the new HEXACO personality framework (Lee & Ashton, 2004) across four risk domains. This personality framework, which has been replicated in lexical studies in over 12 natural languages, assess personality over six broad personality dimensions, as opposed to the traditional Five‐Factor Model, or “Big Five.” Through path analysis, we regressed risk taking in four separate domains on risk perceptions, perceived benefits, and the six HEXACO dimensions. Across all risk domains, we found that the emotionality dimension was associated with heightened risk perceptions and high conscientiousness was associated with less perceived benefits. We also report several unique patterns of domain‐specific relations between the HEXACO dimensions and risk attitude. Specifically, openness was associated with risk taking and perceived benefits for social and recreational risks, whereas lower honesty/humility was associated with greater health/safety and ethical risk taking. These findings extend our understanding of how individuals approach risk across a variety of contexts, and further highlight the utility of honesty/humility, a dimension not recovered in Big Five models, in individual differences research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of atenolol and amiloride in pharmaceutical preparations by capillary zone electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Al Azzam Khaldun M. , Saad Bahruddin , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y.
Published: January 2010

Capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (CE‐C4D) has been employed for the determination of atenolol and amiloride in pharmaceutical formulations. Acetic acid (150 mm) was used as background electrolyte. The influence of several factors (detector excitation voltage and frequency, buffer concentration, applied voltage, capillary temperature and injection time) was studied. Non‐UV‐absorbing L‐valine was used as internal standard; the analytes were all separated in less than 7 min. The separation was carried out in normal polarity mode at 28°C, 25 kV and using hydrodynamic injection (25 s). The separation was effected in an uncoated fused‐silica capillary (75 μm, i.d. × 52 cm). The CE‐C4D method was validated with respect to linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision and selectivity. Calibration curves were linear over the range 5–250 μg/mL for the studied analytes. The relative standard deviations of intra‐ and inter‐day migration times and corrected peak areas were less than 6.0%. The method showed good precision and accuracy and was successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of atenolol and amiloride in different pharmaceutical tablet formulations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validated method for bioactive lignans in Schisandra chinensis in vitro cultures using a solid phase extraction and a monolithic column application
Authors: Březinová Lenka , Vlašínová Helena , Havel Ladislav , Humpa Otakar , Slanina Jiří
Published: January 2010

A simple and rapid method for determination of six lignans found in plant cell cultures of Schisandra chinensis was developed and validated. The lignans were extracted from plant samples with methanol and the extracts were effectively cleaned by solid‐phase extraction using Strata C18‐E (Phenomenex) cartridges. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a Chromolith Performance RP‐18e monolithic column (100 × 4.6 mm, Merck) using an isocratic mobile phase of acetonitrile and water in a 50:50 (v/v) ratio. The eluent was monitored at 220 nm. The baseline separation of schizandrin, gomisin A, deoxyschizandrin, γ‐schizandrin, gomisin N and wuweizisu C was achieved in a relatively short time period (20 min), which was made possible by the relatively high flow rate of the mobile phase (2 mL/min). The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 mg/L for schizandrin and gomisin A, 0.3 mg/L for deoxyschizandrin, γ‐schizandrin, and gomisin N and 1 mg/L for wuweizisu C. The analysis of spiked samples containing six lignans provided absolute recoveries between 93 and 101% in all cases. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of lignans in embryogenic plant cell cultures of Schisandra chinensis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid method for the confirmatory analysis of chrysoidine in aquaculture products by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Reyns Tim , Fraselle Stéphanie , Laza Désiré , Van Loco Joris
Published: January 2010

A sensitive and fast method for the quantification of the illegal dye chrysoidine in aquaculture products with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) is presented. Muscle tissues were made alkaline with sodium hydroxide and extracted with ethyl acetate. After evaporation and subsequent defatting with n‐hexane, extracts were directly injected onto the UPLC‐column. Chromatography was performed on a C18 column using 0.1% formic acid in water and an acetonitrile gradient within 6 min. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed in the positive electrospray MS/MS mode. The limit of quantification was 0.25 ng/g, which was 30 times lower than the only previously published method with gas chromatographic detection. A complete validation according to the scientific literature and as defined by the European Union was performed. The applicability of the method was shown in the analysis of more than 50 unknown samples in the framework of a monitoring program. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Squaraine Rotaxane as a Reversible Optical Chloride Sensor
Authors: Gassensmith Jeremiah J. , Matthys Sarah , Lee Jung‐Jae , Wojcik Aleksandra , Kamat Prashant V. , Smith Bradley D.
Published: January 2010

A mechanically interlocked squaraine rotaxane is comprised of a deep‐red fluorescent squaraine dye inside a tetralactam macrocycle. NMR studies show that Cl− binding to the rotaxane induces macrocycle translocation away from the central squaraine station, a process that is completely reversed when the Cl− is removed from the solution. Steady‐state fluorescence and excited‐state lifetime measurements show that this reversible machine‐like motion modulates several technically useful optical properties, including a three‐fold increase in deep‐red fluorescence emission that is observable to the naked eye. The excited states were characterized quantitatively by time‐correlated single photon counting, femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, and nanosecond laser flash photolysis. Cl− binding to the rotaxane increases the squaraine excited singlet state lifetime from 1.5 to 3.1 ns, and decreases the excited triplet state lifetime from >200 to 44 μs. Apparently, the surrounding macrocycle quenches the excited singlet state of the encapsulated squaraine dye and stabilizes the excited triplet state. Prototype dipsticks were prepared by adsorbing the lipophilic rotaxane onto the ends of narrow, C18‐coated, reverse‐phase silica gel plates. The fluorescence intensity of a dipstick increased eighteen‐fold upon dipping in an aqueous solution of tetrabutylammonium chloride (300 mM) and was subsequently reversed by washing with pure water. It is possible to develop the dipsticks for colorimetric determination of Cl− levels by the naked eye. After dipping into aqueous tetrabutylammonium chloride, a dipstick’s color slowly fades at a rate that depends on the amount of Cl− in the aqueous solution. The fading process is due primarily to hydrolytic bleaching of the squaraine chromophore within the rotaxane. That is, association of Cl− to immobilized rotaxane induces macrocycle translocation and exposure of the electrophilic C4O2 core of the squaraine station, which is in turn attacked by the ambient moisture to produce a bleached product.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure, Spectroscopy and Thermodynamic Properties of MIVWO6 (MI: Li, Na).
Authors: Knyazev Aleksandr V. , Maczka Miroslaw , Smirnova Nataliya N. , Macalik Lucyna , Kuznetsova Nataliya Yu. , Letyanina Irene A.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Material for Hydrogen Storage; ScAl0.8Mg0.2.
Authors: Sahlberg Martin , Beran Premysl , Nielsen Thomas Kollin , Cerenius Yngve , Kadas Krisztina , Punkkinen Marko P. J. , Vitos Levente , Eriksson Olle , Jensen Torben R. , Andersson Yvonne
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Template Synthesis of CdIn2O4 Hollow Spheres and Effects of Cd/In Molar Ratios on Its Morphologies.
Authors: Yu Jiaoxian , Huang Baibiao , Wang Zeyan , Qin Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaoyang , Wang Peng
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Route to Nitrides: Transformation from Single Element to Binary and Ternary Nitrides at Moderate Temperature Through a New Modified Solid‐State Metathesis.
Authors: Song Bo , Chen Xiaolong , Han Jiecai , Jian Jikang , Wang Wanyan , Zuo Hongbo , Zhang Xinghong , Meng Songhe
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure Characterization and Fluorescence Property of a New Fluoride Borate Crystal, CdZn2KB2O6F.
Authors: Jiao Zhi‐Wei , Zhang Fan , Yan Qing‐Feng , Shen De‐Zhong , Shen Guang‐Qiu
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal and Electronic Structures of Two New Lead Indium Phosphates: Pb2In4P6O23 and Pb2InP3O11.
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Long , Zhang Hao , Xie Zhi , Yang Song‐Ling , Zhao Dan , He Chang‐Zhen , Cheng Wen‐Dan
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Chemistry of Anhydrous Li Uranyl Phosphates and Arsenates. Part 2. Tubular Fragments and Cation—Cation Interactions in the 3D Framework Structures of Li6 [(UO2)12(PO4)8 (P4O13)], Li5 [(UO2)13(AsO4)9 (As2O7)], Li[(UO2)4(AsO4)3] and Li3[(UO2)7(AsO4)5O].
Authors: Alekseev Evgeny V. , Krivovichev Sergey V. , Depmeier Wulf
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Barriers to Enantiocontrol in Lewis Acid Catalyzed Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Li Zhuoyan , Doyle Michael P.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Separation of Enantiomers with Magnetic Silica Nanoparticles Modified by a Chiral Selector: Enantioselective Fishing.
Authors: Choi Hee Jung , Hyun Myung Ho
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tripeptides of the Type H‐D‐Pro‐Pro‐Xaa‐NH2 as Catalysts for Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition Reactions: Structural Requirements for High Catalytic Efficiency.
Authors: Wiesner Markus , Neuburger Markus , Wennemers Helma
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Solid‐Supported Organocatalyst for Highly Stereoselective, Batch, and Continuous‐Flow Mannich Reactions.
Authors: Alza Esther , Rodriguez‐Escrich Carles , Sayalero Sonia , Bastero Amaia , Pericas Miquel A.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Ring Construction Around Pyrrole, Indole, and Related Compounds via Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling with Alkynes.
Authors: Yamashita Mana , Horiguchi Hakaru , Hirano Koji , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Molecular Sieves‐Supported Palladium Catalyst and Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Bonds in the Presence of Nitro Groups.
Authors: Maegawa Tomohiro , Takahashi Tohru , Yoshimura Masatoshi , Suzuka Hiroyasu , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Conjugate Addition Employing 2‐Heteroaryl Titanates and Zinc Reagents.
Authors: Smith Anna J. , Abbott Lily K. , Martin Stephen F.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Sulfonates with Arylzinc Reagents.
Authors: Ito Shingo , Fujiwara Yu‐ichi , Nakamura Eiichi , Nakamura Masaharu
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Alkenylation of Glyoxylate with Vinylsilane Catalyzed by Chiral Dicationic Palladium(II) Complexes.
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Hioki Yuta , Mikami Koichi
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Reverse Wittig Coupling with Trifluoroacetaldehyde: A Convenient One‐Step Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Alkenes.
Authors: Landge Shainaz M. , Borkin Dmitry A. , Toeroek Bela
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Benzothiazoline: Highly Efficient Reducing Agent for the Enantioselective Organocatalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketimines.
Authors: Zhu Chen , Akiyama Takahiko
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Secondary Amines by Gold(I)/Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyzed Tandem Intermolecular Hydroamination and Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions.
Authors: Liu Xin‐Yuan , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Aminobromination of Olefins in Water.
Authors: Wu Xue‐Liang , Wang Guan‐Wu
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Reaction of Dibenzyl Disulfide with Hydrazine.
Authors: Rozentsveig I. B. , Popov A. V. , Kondrashov E. V. , Levkovskaya G. G.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalysis with Azahelicenes: The First Use of Helically Chiral Pyridine‐Based Catalysts in the Asymmetric Acyl Transfer Reaction.
Authors: Samal Michal , Misek Jiri , Stara Irena G. , Stary Ivo
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Exceptionally Simple Catalytic System for the Carbonylation of Benzyl Halides.
Authors: Lapidus Albert L. , Eliseev Oleg L. , Bondarenko Tatyana N. , Chau Nguen H. , Kazantsev Ruslan V.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple, Fast and Chemoselective Method for the Preparation of Arylthiols.
Authors: Bellale Eknath V. , Chaudhari Mahesh K. , Akamanchi Krishnacharya G.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Reactions of a 3‐Aza‐2‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐ene with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Machin Ben P. , Ballantine Melissa , Mandel Jeremie , Blanchard Nicolas , Tam William
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Electrophile‐Induced Cascade Reactions Between o‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes and Styrene Oxides Leading to the Formation of 1‐Naphthyl Ketones.
Authors: Patil Nitin T. , Konala Ashok , Singh Vipender , Reddy Vaddu V. N.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Transformations of 5‐(N‐Tosylaminomethyl)furfuryl Alcohols.
Authors: Stroganova T. A. , Butin A. V.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Two Vicinal Quaternary Carbons by Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: Total Synthesis of Hyperolactone C and (‐)‐Biyouyanagin A.
Authors: Du Chao , Li Liqi , Li Ying , Xie Zhixiang
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Efficient Synthesis of Dithieno[3,4‐b:3′,4′‐d]thiophene.
Authors: Xu Li , Wang Zhen , Xu Kun , Shi Jianwu , Wang Hua
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.