bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distinct expression profile reveals glia involvement in the trigeminal system attributing to post-traumatic headache
Authors: Nagarajan Gurueswar , Zhang Yumin
Published: November 2024

Background

Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common comorbid symptom affecting at least one-third of patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). While neuroinflammation is known to contribute to the development of PTH, the cellular mechanisms in the trigeminal system crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of PTH remain unclear.

Methods

A non-invasive repetitive mTBI (4 times with a 24-h interval) was induced in male mice and effect of mTBI was tested on either bregma or pre-bregma position on the head. Periorbital allodynia and spontaneous pain behavior were assessed using von Frey test and grimace score, respectively. Quantitative PCR was used to assess extent of mTBI pathology. RNA sequencing was performed to obtain transcriptomic profile of the trigeminal ganglion (TG), trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) and periaqueductal gray (PAG) at 7 days post-TBI. Subsequently, quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to examine mRNA and protein expression of glia specific markers and pain associated molecules.

Results

The repetitive impacts at the bregma, but not pre-bregma site led to periorbital hypersensitivity, which was correlated with enhanced inflammatory gene expression in multiple brain regions. RNA sequencing revealed mTBI induced distinct transcriptomic profiles in the peripheral TG and central Sp5C and PAG. Using gene set enrichment analysis, positive enrichment of non-neuronal cells in the TG and neuroinflammation in the Sp5C were identified to be essential in the pathogenesis of PTH. In situ assays also revealed that gliosis of satellite glial cells in the TG and astrocytes in the Sp5C were prominent days after injury. Furthermore, immunohistochemical study revealed a close interaction between activated microglia and reactive astrocytes correlating with increased calretinin interneurons in the Sp5C.

Conclusions

Transcriptomics analysis indicated that non-neuronal cells in peripheral TG and successive in situ assays revealed that glia in the central Sp5C are crucial in modulating headache-like symptoms. Thus, selective targeting of glia cells can be a therapeutic strategy for PTH attributed to repetitive mTBI.
Characterization of Serratia marcescens (OK482790)’ prodigiosin along with in vitro and in silico validation for its medicinal bioactivities
Authors: Hamada Marwa A. , Mohamed Eslam T.
Published: November 2024

Background

Microbial prodigiosin pigment has been proposed as a promising biomolecule having an antibacterial, immunosuppressive, antimalarial, antineoplastic, and anticancer activities. The good outcome originates from getting natural pigment, which has many medical applications.

Results

In this investigation, prodigiosin (PG) was extracted, characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, mass spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and tested in various medical applications as an antibacterial, antioxidant, antibiofilm, anticancer, and wound healing agent at different concentrations. Antibacterial activity of PG pigment was shown against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Enterococcus faecalis was the most severely impacted, with minimum inhibitory value of 3.9 µg/mL. The formed biofilm by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was suppressed by 58–2.50% at prodigiosin doses ranging from 1000 to 31.25 µg/mL, respectively. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) free radical was 74.18 ± 23.77 µg/mL. At 100 µg/mL concentration, OK482790 prodigiosin had no harmful effect on normal skin cells and exhibited mild wound healing properties. Additionally, molecular docking simulations confirmed the prodigiosin’s interactions with target proteins, including epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK, PDB ID: 1M17), peptide deformylase from E. faecalis (PDB ID: 2OS1), acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1, PDB ID: 3K1X), PA14_16140 protein from P. aeruginosa (PDB ID: 8Q8O), and human peroxiredoxin 5 (PDB ID: 1HD2) for explaining the anticancer, antibacterial, wound healing, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities, respectively. Prodigiosin had favorable binding affinities and putative modes of action across various therapeutic domains.

Conclusion

This study pioneers the use of prodigiosin as a natural alternative to synthetic medicine since it fights germs, heals wounds, is antioxidant, and reduces biofilm formation.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.
Comparison of the prevalence and associated factors of chronic kidney disease diagnosed by serum creatinine or cystatin C among young people living with HIV in Uganda
Authors: Nasuuna Esther M. , Tomlinson Laurie A. , Kalyesubula Robert , Dziva Chikwari Chido , Castelnuovo Barbara , Manabe Yukari C. , Nakanjako Damalie , Weiss Helen A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Young people living with HIV (YPLHIV) are at increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis is important to halt progression. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with CKD among YPLHIV in Kampala, Uganda, and to compare serum creatinine and cystatin C for early diagnosis of CKD in this population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study with YPLHIV aged 10 to 24 years was conducted in seven HIV clinics. Participants provided a urine and blood sample to measure urinary albumin, proteinuria, serum creatinine and cystatin C levels at baseline and after three months. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using CKDEPI 2021, Cockroft-Gault and bedside Schwartz equations using creatinine or cystatin C. The albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) and proteinuria were measured. CKD was defined as either eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 or < 90 ml/min/1.73m2 or ACR above 30 mg/g on two separate occasions. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for factors associated with CKD.

Results

A total of 500 participants were enrolled. Most were female (56%; n = 280) and aged 10 to 17 years (66.9%; n = 335). CKD prevalence ranged from 0 to 23% depending on the criteria, equation and biomarker used. Cystatin C-based equations estimated higher prevalence of CKD compared to creatinine-based ones. Prevalence of ACR above 30 mg/g was 10.1% and of proteinuria 29%. Factors independently associated with CKD were age (aOR = 1.42; 95% CI:1.30–1.51) and male sex (aOR = 3.02; 95% CI:1.68–5.43).

Conclusion

CKD prevalence among YPLHIV varied substantially depending on definitions used and the current definition would likely lead to missed cases of CKD among YPLHIV. Estimating equations should be validated against measured GFR in YPLHIV and the optimal definition of CKD in this vulnerable population should be revised to optimise detection and opportunities for reducing disease progression.

Clinical trial number

Not applicable.
Smartphone pregnancy apps: systematic analysis of features, scientific guidance, commercialization, and user perception
Authors: Nissen Michael , Huang Shih-Yuan , Jäger Katharina M. , Flaucher Madeleine , Titzmann Adriana , Bleher Hannah , Pontones Constanza A. , Huebner Hanna , Danzberger Nina , Fasching Peter A. , Eskofier Bjoern M. , Leutheuser Heike
Published: November 2024

Background

Over 50% of pregnant women use pregnancy applications (apps). Some app s lack credibility, information accuracy, and evidence-based clinical advice, containing potentially harmful functionality. Previous studies have only conducted a limited analysis of pregnancy app functionalities, expert involvement/evidence-based content, used commercialization techniques, and user perception.

Methods

We used the keyword “pregnancy” to scrape (automatically extract) apps and app information from Apple App Store and Google Play. Unique functionalities were derived from app descriptions and user reviews. App descriptions were screened for evidence-based content and expert involvement, and apps were subsequently analyzed in detail. Apps were opened and searched for used commercialization techniques, such as advertisements or affiliate marketing. Automated text analysis (natural language processing) was used on app reviews to assess users’ perception of evidence-based content/expert involvement and commercialization techniques.

Results

In total, 495 apps were scraped. 226 remained after applying exclusion criteria. Out of these, 36 represented 97%/88% of the total market share (Apple App Store/Google Play), and were thus considered for review. Overall, 49 distinct functionalities were identified, out of which 6 were previously unreported. Functionalities for fetal kick movement counting were found. All apps are commercial. Only 15 apps mention the involvement of medical experts. 10.3% of two-stars user reviews include commercial topics, and 0.6% of one-/two-/three-/five stars user reviews include references to scientific content accuracy.

Conclusion

Problematic features and inadequate advice continue to be present in pregnancy apps. App developers should adopt an evidence-based development approach and avoid implementing as many features as possible, potentially at the expense of their quality or over-complication (“feature creep”). Financial incentives, such as grant programs, could support adequate content quality. Caregivers play a key role in pregnant individuals’ decision-making, should be aware of potential dangers, and could guide them to trustworthy apps.
Placental mesenchymal dysplasia: a rare case associated with second trimester fetal growth restriction
Authors: Chadwick Thomas , Davis Jennifer , Bitar Wafa , Pankaja Susmita
Published: November 2024

Background

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare, benign, placental disorder characterised macroscopically by an enlarged multi-cystic placenta. It is a condition associated with a range of reported clinical outcomes and can be misdiagnosed as a molar or partial molar pregnancy given the similarities in clinical presentation. We present an unusual case of PMD complicated by fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios in the second trimester.

Case presentation

A 33 year old female was referred to our fetal medicine unit with a multi-cystic placenta at dating scan suspected initially to be a partial molar pregnancy. She opted for conservative management and declined invasive testing. At 16 weeks severe fetal growth restriction was present with an estimated fetal weight < 3rd centile and associated with oligohydramnios. Whilst live births in cases of PMD have been reported in the literature, to our knowledge there are no reported successful outcomes in cases of early onset growth restriction at this gestation. The patient opted to proceed with termination of pregnancy given the suspected poor prognosis. Post mortem results confirmed a diagnosis of PMD and fetal growth restriction with normal genetic testing.

Conclusions

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia can be a difficult condition to manage, particularly when counselling about prognosis and deciding whether to continue the pregnancy. More evidence is needed about prognostic factors in PMD associated with a successful outcome. Early onset fetal growth restriction and/or oligohydramnios prior to 20 weeks are likely poor prognostic factors which should be considered in the antenatal counselling.
High cell density cultivation by anaerobic respiration
Authors: Maråk Marte Mølsæter , Kellermann Ricarda , Bergaust Linda Liberg , Bakken Lars Reier
Published: November 2024

Background

Oxygen provision is a bottleneck in conventional aerobic high cell density culturing (HCDC) of bacteria due to the low O2 solubility in water. An alternative could be denitrification: anaerobic respiration using nitrogen oxides as terminal electron acceptors. Denitrification is attractive because NO3− is soluble in water, the end-product (N2) is harmless, and denitrification is widespread among bacteria, hence suitable organisms for most purposes can be found. The pH must be controlled by injection of an inorganic acid to compensate for the pH increase by NO3−-consumption, resulting in salt accumulation if feeding the bioreactor with NO3− salt. We avoid this with our novel pH–stat approach, where the reactor is supplied with 5 M HNO3 to compensate for the alkalization, thus sustaining NO3−-concentration at a level determined by the pH setpoint. Here we present the first feasibility study of this method, growing the model strain Paracoccus denitrificans anaerobically to high densities with glucose as the sole C-source and NO3− as the N-source and electron acceptor.

Results

Our fed-batch culture reached 20 g cell dry weight L−1, albeit with slower growth rates than observed in low cell density batch cultures. We explored reasons for slow growth, and the measured trace element uptake indicates it is not a limiting factor. Bioassays with spent medium excluded accumulation of inhibitory compounds at high cell density as the reason for the slow growth. The most plausible reason is that high metabolic activity led to CO2/H2CO3 accumulation, thus suppressing pH, leading to a paucity in HNO3-feeding until N2-sparging had removed sufficient CO2. The three free intermediates in the denitrification pathway (NO3− → NO2− → NO → N2O → N2) can all reach toxic concentrations if the electron flow is unbalanced, and this did occur if cells were glucose-limited. On the other hand, accumulation of polyhydroxyalkanoates occurred if the cells were NO3−-limited. Carefully balancing glucose provision according to the HNO3 injected is thus crucial.

Conclusions

This work provides a proof of concept, while also identifying CO2/H2CO3 accumulation as a hurdle that must be overcome for further development and optimization of the method.
Spectrum of IDH-mutant tumors in Ollier-Maffucci disease: the triple interaction theory
Authors: Mandonnet Emmanuel , Funck-Brentano Thomas , Hugnot Jean-Philippe , Touat Mehdi
Published: November 2024

We propose to refine our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying the tumor spectrum observed in patients with Ollier disease (OD) and Maffucci syndrome (MS). On one hand, assuming that all IDH-mutated tumors (as well as enchondromas) observed in OD-MS patients derive from one IDH-mutant cell giving rise to different lineages, the observation of different tumors arising in organs deriving from the neuroectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm points towards a very early post-zygotic event for the IDH mutation. To explain then that the spectrum of IDH-mutated tumors is restricted to some types of tumors, we propose the following hypothesis: - First, we posit that not every mutated cell of the lineage will “express” the IDH mutant phenotype. This can be due i/ to the disappearance in some tissue of the IDH-mutated clone due to negative selection pressure later in embryo development ii/ to the lack of expression of the IDH1 protein in specific cell types iii/ to a functional cell state not leading to the accumulation of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) in that tissue/organ. - Second, generalizing the recent understanding of the gliomagenesis in the general population bearing the rs55705857 G-allele variant at 8q24.21, we postulate that OD-MS patients with an inheritable predisposing single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) are more likely to develop a malignancy, with a specific SNP for each kind of tumor/organ. In summary, our theory provides a new understanding of IDH-mutated tumors in OD-MS patients, as arising from the triple interaction within the same cell of a developmental defect (the somatic mutation that occurs early during the embryogenesis), an organ-specific functional state “expressing” the IDH mutation and leading to an accumulation of D-2HG, and an inheritable predisposing factor (a risky SNP, also specific to each organ). We discuss how this theory could guide future research in OD-MS patients and, more generally, in patients harboring sporadic IDH-mutated tumors.
Technical variability across the 450K, EPICv1, and EPICv2 DNA methylation arrays: lessons learned for clinical and longitudinal studies
Authors: Lussier Alexandre A. , Schuurmans Isabel K. , Großbach Anna , Maclsaac Julie , Dever Kristy , Koen Nastassja , Zar Heather J. , Stein Dan J. , Kobor Michael S. , Dunn Erin C.
Published: November 2024

DNA methylation (DNAm) is the most commonly measured epigenetic mechanism in human populations, with most studies using Illumina arrays to assess DNAm levels. In 2023, Illumina updated their DNAm arrays to the EPIC version 2 (EPICv2), building on prior iterations, namely the EPIC version 1 (EPICv1) and 450K arrays. Whether DNAm measurements are stable across these three generations of arrays has yet not been investigated, limiting the ability of researchers—especially those with longitudinal data—to compare and replicate results across arrays. Here, we present results from a study of 30 child participants (15 male; 15 female) from the Drakenstein Child Health Study, who had DNAm measured on all three of the latest arrays: 450K, EPICv1, and EPICv2. Using these data, we created an annotation of probe quality across arrays, which includes the intraclass correlations, interquartile ranges, correlations, and array bias (i.e., the extent to which DNAm levels were explained by array type) of all CpGs. We also present results from an analysis of sex differences, where we found that CpGs with lower replicability across arrays had higher array-based variance, suggesting this variance metric help guide replication efforts. We also showed that epigenetic age estimates across arrays were more stable when using the principal component versions of epigenetic clocks. Ultimately, this collection of results provides a framework for investigating the replicability and longitudinal stability of epigenetic changes across multiple versions of Illumina DNAm arrays.
Percutaneous cryoablation of abdominal wall endometriosis: a systematic literature review of safety and efficacy
Authors: Bodard Sylvain , Razakamanantsoa Leo , Geevarghese Ruben , O’Gorman Julianne , Dohan Anthony , Marcelin Clement , Cornelis François H.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To investigate over 10 years the safety and efficacy of percutaneous cryoablation for the treatment of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE).

Methods

A systematic review was conducted of literature published between March 2014 and March 2024. Inclusion criteria focused on treatment efficacy studies, while exclusion criteria targeted case reports and studies lacking pertinent outcome data. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies.

Results

A total of eight studies were included. Local pain scores decreased from a median of 8/10 (interquartile range (IQR) 7–9) on the visual analog scale to 1/10 (IQR 0–2) at the last follow-up (p < 0.0001). Median complete local pain response rates ranged from 80% to 100%, with median local pain-free survival rates reaching 76.8% (IQR 55.3–83.8) at the longest follow-up. Notably, no patient reported a post-procedure pain score higher than that they reported pre-cryoablation. The studies indicated minor complications in 3.5 to 11% of cases, with major complications occurring in less than 2% of cases, graded following the guidelines of the Society of Interventional Radiology.

Conclusion

In the last decade, percutaneous image-guided cryoablation has offered consistent results and appears to be a promising, minimally invasive option for AWE treatment. Prospective trials are now essential to establish cryoablation as a new standard in patient care for AWE.

Critical relevance statement

Over a decade-long study, percutaneous cryoablation has proven to be a safe and effective minimally invasive treatment for abdominal wall endometriosis, significantly reducing pain with minimal complications.

Key Points

Percutaneous cryoablation significantly reduced local pain scores for abdominal wall endometriosis.

The procedure demonstrated a favorable safety profile with minor complications.

Cryoablation has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative to traditional treatments.

Graphical Abstract
Reprogrammed human lateral ganglionic eminence precursors generate striatal neurons and restore motor function in a rat model of Huntington’s disease
Authors: McCaughey-Chapman Amy , Burgers Anne Lieke , Combrinck Catharina , Marriott Laura , Gordon David , Connor Bronwen
Published: November 2024

Background

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a genetic neurological disorder predominantly characterised by the progressive loss of GABAergic medium spiny neurons in the striatum resulting in motor dysfunction. One potential strategy for the treatment of HD is the development of cell replacement therapies to restore neuronal circuitry and function by the replacement of lost neurons. We propose the generation of lineage-specific human lateral ganglionic eminence precursors (hiLGEP) using direct reprogramming technology provides a novel and clinically viable cell source for cell replacement therapy for HD.

Methods

hiLGEPs were derived by direct reprogramming of adult human dermal fibroblasts (aHDFs) using chemically modified mRNA (cmRNA) and a defined reprogramming medium. hiLGEPs were differentiated in vitro using an optimised striatal differentiation medium. Acquisition of a striatal precursor and neural cell fate was assessed through gene expression and immunocytochemical analysis of key markers. hiLGEP-derived striatal neuron functionality in vitro was demonstrated by calcium imaging using Cal-520. To investigate the ability for hiLGEP to survive, differentiate and functionally integrate in vivo, we transplanted hiLGEPs into the striatum of quinolinic acid (QA)-lesioned rats and performed behavioural assessment using the cylinder test over the course of 14 weeks. Survival and differentiation of hiLGEPs was assessed at 8 and 14-weeks post-transplant by immunohistochemical analysis.

Results

We demonstrate the capability to generate hiLGEPs from aHDFs using cmRNA encoding the pro-neural genes SOX2 and PAX6, combined with a reprogramming medium containing Gö6983, Y-27,632, N-2 and Activin A. hiLGEPs generated functional DARPP32 + neurons following 14 days of culture in BrainPhys™ media supplemented with dorsomorphin and Activin A. We investigated the ability for hiLGEPs to survive transplantation, differentiate to medium spiny-like striatal neurons and improve motor function in the QA lesion rat model of HD. Fourteen weeks after transplantation, we observed STEM121 + neurons co-expressing MAP2, DARPP32, GAD65/67, or GABA. Rats transplanted with hiLGEPs also demonstrated reduction in motor function impairment as determined by spontaneous exploratory forelimb use when compared to saline transplanted animals.

Conclusion

This study provides proof-of-concept and demonstrates for the first time that aHDFs can be directly reprogrammed to hiLGEPs which survive transplantation, undergo neuronal differentiation to generate medium spiny-like striatal neurons, and reduce functional impairment in the QA lesion rat model of HD.
Avian influenza virus circulation and immunity in a wild urban duck population prior to and during a highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak
Authors: Wight Jordan , Rahman Ishraq , Wallace Hannah L. , Cunningham Joshua T. , Roul Sheena , Robertson Gregory J. , Russell Rodney S. , Xu Wanhong , Zhmendak Dmytro , Alkie Tamiru N. , Berhane Yohannes , Hargan Kathryn E. , Lang Andrew S.
Published: November 2024

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were first detected in St. John’s, Canada in late 2021. To investigate the patterns of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection and immune responses subsequent to the arrival of H5N1, we sampled the wild urban duck population in this area for a period of 16 months after the start of the outbreak and compared these findings to those from archived samples. Antibody seroprevalence was relatively stable before the outbreak (2011–2014) at 27.6% and 3.9% for anti-AIV (i.e., NP) and H5-specific antibodies, respectively. During the winter of 2022, AIV-NP and H5-specific antibody seroprevalence both reached 100%, signifying a population-wide infection event, which was observed again in late February 2023 following a second H5N1 incursion from Eurasia. As expected, population-level immunity waned over time, with ducks seropositive for anti-AIV-NP antibodies for approximately twice as long as for H5-specific antibodies, with the population seronegative to the latter after approximately six months. We observed a clear relationship of increasing antibody levels with decreasing viral RNA loads that allowed for interpretation of the course of infection and immune response in infected individuals and applied these findings to two cases of resampled ducks to infer infection history. Our study highlights the value of applying both AIV surveillance and seroprevalence monitoring to provide a better understanding of AIV dynamics in wild populations, which may be crucial following the global dissemination of clade 2.3.4.4b H5Nx subtypes to assess the threats they pose to both wild and domestic animals, and to humans.
Splicing factor SRSF1 attenuates cardiomyocytes apoptosis via regulating alternative splicing of Bcl2L12
Authors: Xie Yilin , Yang Zhenbo , Chen Wenxian , Zhong Changsheng , Li Mengyang , Zhang Lei , Cheng Ting , Deng Qin , Wang Huifang , Ju Jin , Du Zhimin , Liang Haihai
Published: November 2024

Background

Aberrant alternative splicing (AS) events, triggered by the alterations in serine/arginine splicing factor 1 (SRSF1), a member of the SR protein family, have been implicated in various pathological processes. However, the function and mechanism of SRSF1 in cardiovascular diseases remain unclear.

Results

In this study, we found that the expression of SRSF1 was significantly down-regulated in the hearts of mice with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and H9C2 cells exposed to H2O2. Moreover, in vivo experiments utilizing adeno-associated virus serotype 9-mediated SRSF1 overexpression improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size in AMI mice. Mechanistically, we employed RNA-seq assay to identify AS aberrations associated with altered SRSF1 level in cardiomyocytes, and found that SRSF1 regulates the splice switching of Bcl2L12. Further study showed that silencing SRSF1 inhibits the inclusion of exon7 in Bcl2L12. Importantly, the truncated Bcl2L12 lacked the necessary structural elements and failed to interact with p53, thus compromising its ability to suppress apoptosis.

Conclusions

Our study unraveled the role of SRSF1 as a splicing factor involved in the regulation of Bcl2L12 splice switching, thereby exerting an anti-apoptotic effect through the p53 pathway, which provides new insights into potential approaches targeting cardiomyocyte apoptosis in cardiovascular diseases.
Assessment of the safety and hepatic lipid-lowering effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CKDB001
Authors: Joung Hyunchae , Chu Jaeryang , Kwon Yoo Jin , Kim Kyung Hwan , Shin Chang Hun , Ha Jung-Heun
Published: November 2024

Probiotics have been shown to provide health benefits for several metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), by modulating the gut microbiota. In this study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis CKDB001 as a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of MASLD. We evaluated antibiotic resistance, hemolytic, gelatinase, and bile salt hydrolase activities, and the production of biogenic amines and D-lactate using in vitro analyses. We found that L. lactis CKDB001 treatment resulted in significant anti-adipogenic properties in the HepG2 cell line, reducing lipid accumulation and improving lipid profiles through mechanisms involving the upregulation of SIRT1 and PPARα, and downregulation of CD36 and ELOVL6. These results suggest that L. lactis CKDB001 is a safe and effective probiotic for managing MASLD. Further in vivo studies and clinical trials are required to validate these effects and fully elucidate their therapeutic potential and safety profiles.
Research on the micro-structure and water effect of excavated ivory from sacrificial pit No.7 at the Sanxingdui Ruins
Authors: Xiang Shilin , Jiang Lang , Wang Yi , Li Sifan , Jiang Luman , Wang Ning , Zhu Liping , Zhao Lijuan , Hong Jing
Published: November 2024

The excavation of ivory and other artifacts from the Sanxingdui Ruins holds profound research significance in tracing of both the ancient Shu and Chinese civilizations. After being unearthed, a large quantity of ivory encountered issues such as dehydration, pulverization, and cracking, resulting from poor preservation conditions. To establish effective long-term conservation strategies for the excavated ivory, this paper takes the dentin of excavated ivory from the No.7 Sacrificial Pit (K7) at the Sanxingdui Ruins as the research object, focusing on the primary correlation between its microscopic porous structure and moisture states. The results show that the organic collagen protein component of the excavated ivory has already undergone basically diagenetic degradation. The remaining main mineral phases are hydroxyapatite and carbonated hydroxyapatite, exhibiting a mixed crystal structure with mainly needle-like and secondary lamellar. The porosity of the excavated ivory, as measured by dry and wet methods, is approximately 62 and 60%, respectively. The pore size distributions are primarily concentrated in the ranges of 5–100 nm for the dry method and 10–200 nm for the wet method. These diverse and heterogeneous pore structures store approximately 35–38% of water as free water and adsorbed water. Free water is primarily found in dentinal tubules, interlayer gaps and cracks, providing volume support and stabilizing equilibrium with the external environment. Adsorbed water is mainly present in the pores (d < 100 nm), providing support function through intermolecular forces and hydrogen bonding. The deterioration of excavated ivory is positively correlated with the loss of moisture. This is due to irreversible structural damage caused by the loss of water’s supportive, bonding, and stabilizing effects. Among them, the rapid migration and evaporation of free water affect the expansion of cracks and the formation of new fissures. This study offer a robust scientific basis and valuable insights for the subsequent conservation of excavated ivory, and also provide guidance for the research of other fragile bone and horn relics.
Inclusive FinTech, open banking, and bank performance: evidence from China
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Li Xingyi , Li Zhongfei
Published: November 2024

Open banking is an emerging business model that is representative of FinTech. To explore whether inclusive FinTech can improve bank performance and identify the underlying mechanisms by which this occurs, we investigate a sample of Chinese commercial banks involved in open banking during 2011–2020. The results show that inclusive FinTech can improve bank performance by improving the bank’s lending rate and liability structure, and that this positive effect is more pronounced in national and rural banks. The results indicate that inclusive FinTech has the greatest impact among banks serving the largest population and those who are excluded from the traditional financial system, and that financial inclusion does not detract from bank performance. However, the results do not provide evidence that inclusive FinTech improves bank performance by reducing risk-taking, suggesting a greater need for inclusive FinTech to focus on risk management. This study adds empirical evidence regarding the role of inclusive FinTech in banks. To promote inclusive FinTech and bank performance, developing economies like China should strengthen digital financial innovations, focus on risk management, and promote cooperation under the open finance framework.
Women on the move? Mainstreaming gender in policies and legal frameworks addressing climate-induced migration
Authors: Serraglio Diogo Andreolla , Thornton Fanny
Published: November 2024

Climate change impacts are gendered. This is also true for climate-induced migration, which affects men and women differently. On account of this difference, legal instruments and policies seeking to address and support climate-induced migration need to be gender-focused to address differentiated needs and outcomes. This paper looks at existing policies and legal instruments for the inclusion of gender aspects of climate-related migration. We focus on Ethiopia, India, and Peru, all of them with developed instruments to address the human mobility-climate change nexus. We investigate the scope of provisions concerning gender in relevant instruments in the three country contexts, their likely impact to tackle gender-specific vulnerabilities arising with climate-induced migration and suggest strategies and priorities for enhancing gender-inclusion in policy development and application broadly.
Enhanced anomaly traffic detection framework using BiGAN and contrastive learning
Authors: Yu Haoran , Yang Wenchuan , Cui Baojiang , Sui Runqi , Wu Xuedong
Published: November 2024

Abnormal traffic detection is a crucial topic in the field of network security. However, existing methods face many challenges when processing complex high-dimensional traffic data. Especially in dealing with redundant features, data sparsity and nonlinear features, traditional methods often suffer from high computational complexity and low detection efficiency. It is challenging to capture potential patterns in complex data effectively and cannot fully meet the needs of practical applications. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an enhanced anomaly traffic detection framework using bidirectional generative adversarial networks (BiGAN) and contrastive learning. This method preprocesses high-dimensional data through steps such as data cleaning, normalization, and clustering to improve data quality. It uses BiGAN and contrastive learning technology to enhance the model's feature representation capabilities. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper performs well on multiple traffic data sets and significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of anomaly detection. Overall, the solution proposed in this paper effectively overcomes the limitations of existing methods in high-dimensional data processing and provides a more advanced abnormal traffic detection strategy.
Fractures in Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty are associated with a decreased medial keel-cortex distance of the tibial implant
Authors: Watrinet Julius , Berger Daniel , Blum Philipp , Fabritius Matthias P. , Arnholdt Jörg , Schipp Rolf , Reng Wolfgang , Reidler Paul
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This retrospective single-center study aimed to investigate incidence and risk factors influencing tibial periprosthetic fractures (TPF) in Oxford unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), with a specific focus on tibial component positioning and sizing.

Methods

A total of 2063 patients with medial UKA using the Oxford® mobile partial knee implant were analyzed between July 2014 and September 2022. Various preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters determining pre- and postoperative alignment and implant positioning, incidence and characteristics of periprosthetic fractures, and patient demographics were assessed. Statistical analyses, including Mann–Whitney U test and logistic regression, were conducted to identify significant associations and predictors of tibial fractures.

Results

Of the 1853 cases that were finally included in the study, 19 (1%) patients experienced TPF. The fracture group presented with a significantly shorter relative mediolateral and posteroanterior distance between the keel and cortex [mediolateral: 23.3% (23.2–24.8%) versus 27.1% (25.7–28.3%), p < 0.001; posteroanterior: 8.4% (6.3–10.3%) versus 10.0% (9.8–10.1%), p = 0.004]. Additionally, an increased posterior tibial slope in pre- and postoperative radiographs [preoperative: 10.4° (8.6–11.1°) versus 7.7° (5.4–10.0°), p < 0.001; postoperative 9.1° ± 3.1° versus 7.5° (5.9–9.0°), p = 0.030] was observed in the fracture group. Furthermore, the use of smaller-sized implants (AA) was associated with higher fracture rates (p < 0.001). Anatomical variants, such as a medial overhanging tibial plateau, were not observed.

Conclusions

In UKA, type Oxford TPF are linked to shorter mediolateral and posteroanterior keel-cortex distances, increased pre- and postoperative PTS, and small implant sizes (AA). Fracture lines often extend from the distal keel to the medial tibial cortex. These findings emphasize the importance of precise implant positioning and sizing to minimize fracture risk.

Level of evidence Retrospective single-center study, III.
The administration of GnRH and HCG: double trigger vs HCG alone for follicular oocyte maturation in poor IVF responders—a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Farouk Dalia , Hawas Heba M. , Shaban Mona M. , Mekhimer Mohamed I. , Sheeba Mamdouh , Nabil Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Background

In vitro fertilization (IVF) has revolutionized human reproduction. Originally designed to assist couples who are unable to conceive, the clinical applications of IVF have significantly broadened to encompass many medical and genetic disorders, as well as fertility maintenance. The poor ovarian response is a very challenging issue in the field of infertility, “double triggering” combines a single bolus of gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH)-agonist with a standard dosage of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at the time of triggering has been proposed that it improves the outcomes in poor responders.

Methods

To study this effect, 73 POR patients received 10,000 units of HCG plus 0.2 mg of GnRH-agonist for ovulation triggering (study group) after induction of ovulation using antagonist protocol, while other 73 POR patients received standard dosage of HCG trigger (10,000 units of HCG) (control group) after the same IOO settings.

Results

Our results showed that the study group had a higher number of retrieved Metaphase II oocytes, fertilized oocytes, and number of embryos obtained, than the control group. This difference was statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). Other outcomes like chemical and clinical pregnancy rates were also higher in the study group than in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P-value 0.322 and 0.355, respectively).

Conclusion

These findings demonstrated that the use of a double trigger with GnRH agonist and HCG, compared to HCG alone, leads to improved outcomes in poor responder IVF patients. Subsequently, the double-trigger protocol may be a beneficial approach for optimizing outcomes in IVF patients with POR.
Anomalous Josephson effect in altermagnet
Authors: Wei Ya-Jun , Wang J.
Published: November 2024

Anomalous Josephson current in an s-wave superconductor junction is due to the parity and time-reversal symmetry breaking from the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) together with magnetization. Altermagnetism is an emerging magnetic phase with the d-wave–type magnetism but zero macroscopic magnetization. Here, we numerically study the Josephson supercurrent in a two-dimensional junction with both the SOC and altermagnetism. It is found that the 0-π transition can appear in the system by modulating the junction's lengths or the SOC strengths despite the zero net magnetization in the system. An anomalous Josephson effect is also identified but dependent on the orientation of magnetization.
Disease Activity and Maternal–fetal Outcomes in Pregnant Women With Prolactinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bandeira Diego Barata , Alves Letícia Santana , Glezer Andrea , Boguszewski Cesar Luiz , dos Santos Nunes-Nogueira Vania
Published: November 2024

Context

Women with prolactinoma are usually infertile but can conceive after surgery or treatment with dopamine agonists.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of pregnancy in prolactinoma's natural course and in maternal–fetal outcomes.

Data Sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and CENTRAL.

Study Selection

Observational studies that included at least 3 pregnant women with prolactinoma.

Data Extraction

Two independent reviewers selected studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data from the included studies.

Data Synthesis

Fifty-two studies were included, involving 2544 pregnancies in 1928 women. Stata Statistical Software 18 was used for proportional meta-analyses. The overall frequency of pregnant women on dopamine agonist treatment at conception was 97% and for either continuing or resuming treatment during pregnancy was 6%. The overall frequency of miscarriage was 10% (95% CI, 8-12), 3% for prematurity (95% CI, 2-5), 4% for symptomatic tumor growth during pregnancy (95% CI, 2-8), 4% for visual impairment (95% CI, 2-7), 6% for headache (95% CI, 4-9), and 4% for development of gestational diabetes (95% CI, 3-7). The overall frequency of congenital malformations was 2% (95% CI, 1-4), 2% for perinatal mortality (95% CI, 1-2), and 6% for low birth weight (95% CI, 3-9). Moreover, prolactinoma's size is a significant modifier for visual impairment.

Conclusion

Pregnancy in women with prolactinoma is safe in relation to fetal and maternal outcomes with low frequencies of miscarriage, prematurity, symptomatic growth, visual impairment, headache, congenital malformations, perinatal mortality, and low birth weight.
A Case of Enfortumab Vedotin-Associated Diabetic Ketoacidosis With Severe Insulin Resistance in a Nondiabetic Woman
Authors: Hovelroud Rachel , Goh Xiu Ming Sarah , McLeod Donald S A , Donovan Peter J , Ng Gary , Mungomery Maree
Published: November 2024

Enfortumab vedotin is a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) approved to treat urothelial carcinoma. One rarely reported adverse effect has been life-threatening diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) driven by profound insulin resistance. We report a case of a 62-year-old nondiabetic woman with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who experienced DKA following her third dose of enfortumab vedotin, with extreme insulin requirements of > 1000 units daily, and full resolution of insulin requirement by day 7 of admission. Including this case, 3 of 9 reported patients with enfortumab vedotin–associated DKA have survived. Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), the cytotoxic component of enfortumab vedotin, is the likely cause, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. This rare clinical event challenges the usual protocols and practice surrounding insulin infusion administration, and this case provides evidence to assist in understanding the mechanism by which enfortumab vedotin causes ketoacidosis.
Atypical Distribution of Upper Thoracic Epidural Local Anesthetic: Case Report
Authors: Garre Sandeep , Ayya Syama Sundar , Ammanabrolu Bhargav Ram , CH Rama Krishna Prasad , Sangineni Kalyani Surya Dhana Lakshmi
Published: November 2024

Spread of drugs in the epidural space may be unpredictable. The differential diagnosis of unilateral hemiparesis could be due to the unilateral spread of the drug, spinal epidural hematoma, intraspinal hematoma, and spinal cord injury. Atypical distribution of local anesthetic can occur due to lateral displacement of the epidural catheter, patient positioning, or the presence of an epidural septum. We present a case of atypical spread of epidural local anesthetic causing hemiparesis. It emphasizes the need for careful monitoring of sensory levels on both sides and provides insight into the causes of unilateral drug spread in the epidural space.
Modification of Ayre’s T-Piece From Anesthesia Circuit for Spontaneously Ventilating Tracheostomized Adults
Authors: Jones James Harvey
Published: November 2024

Transporting spontaneously ventilating adults with tracheostomies from the operating room (OR) or other anesthetizing locations to the intensive care unit (ICU) or other recovery locations presents significant challenges, as traditional T-pieces may not be readily available. This article describes a novel modification to the Ayre’s T-piece, designed to address this gap by using readily available equipment. The modification integrates a 3-mL syringe, a size 7.0 endotracheal tube (ETT) connector, and oxygen tubing from an adult under-the-chin style facemask while adapting the expiratory and inspiratory limbs of the anesthesia circuit.
Vengeance Aesthetics: Type in Records of the Japanese Army's Atrocities (1938)
Authors: Yuan Xinyue Lulu
Published: November 2024

Photographs from the 1938 photobook Rikou Baoxing Shilu (Records of the Japanese Army's Atrocities) made their way to postwar viewing contexts as iconic visual evidence of war crimes committed in the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–45). Instead of narrating histories of violence as long-term memory, this article shifts focus to wartime audiences’ short-term experience of violence by shedding light on the photobook's wartime role as high-profile, government-sponsored propaganda, edited by artist Ye Qianyu. It examines this photobook as a praxis that helps readers make sense of war and further questions the politics of making China legible. My analysis focuses on the aspect of type—printed letters and photographic stereotypes. It argues that the typographic-photographic paradigms in Records configured new categories of modern Chinese victimhood characterized by Chinese reader-subjects’ ability to feel pain and vengeance. This affective readership was transnational by design, demonstrating the world war as a relational learning process.
Centralia by Poulomi Basu
Authors: Rogers Fiona
Published: November 2024

This review of Poulomi Basu's award-winning photobook Centralia (2020) explores its context and significance in presenting the overlooked conflict between the Indian government and the People's Liberation Guerrilla Army (PGLA), which comprises the Adivasis. Basu's publication adopts a disorientating artistic approach to introduce the contemporary issue in which military might and corporate cash continue a battle over land and precious natural resources. It focuses on the role of women members of the PGLA who are fighters, leaders, and martyrs. The author argues that Centralia is best viewed as a multimedia “experience” that engages the debate around ecofeminism, gender violence, and global justice.
A simple MiMIC-based approach for tagging endogenous genes to visualise live transcription in Drosophila
Authors: Beadle Lauren Forbes , Sutcliffe Catherine , Ashe Hilary L.
Published: November 2024

Live imaging of transcription in the Drosophila embryo using the MS2 or PP7 systems is transforming our understanding of transcriptional regulation. However, insertion of MS2/PP7 stem-loops into endogenous genes requires laborious CRISPR genome editing. Here, we exploit the previously described Minos-mediated integration cassette (MiMIC) transposon system in Drosophila to establish a method for simply and rapidly inserting MS2/PP7 cassettes into any of the thousands of genes carrying a MiMIC insertion. In addition to generating a variety of stem-loop donor fly stocks, we have made new stocks expressing the complementary coat proteins fused to different fluorescent proteins. We show the utility of this MiMIC-based approach by MS2/PP7 tagging of endogenous genes and the long non-coding RNA roX1, then imaging their transcription in living embryos. We also present live transcription data from larval brains, the wing disc and ovary, thereby extending the tissues that can be studied using the MS2/PP7 system. Overall, this first high-throughput method for tagging mRNAs in Drosophila will facilitate the study of transcription dynamics of thousands of endogenous genes in a range of Drosophila tissues.