bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure–function Relationship in Conjugated Porous Polymers
Authors: Taylor Dominic , Dalgarno Scott J. , Vilela Filipe
Published: February 2022

Conjugated porous polymers (CPPs) are a class of fully amorphous polymer networks that are both fully cross-linked and exhibit complete π-conjugation. The salient combination of intrinsic permanent nanoscale porosity, complete π-conjugation and, for the most part, complete insolubility in commonplace solvents has lent CPPs towards various key applications such as (photo)catalysis, light harvesting, gas separation and storage, environmental remediation and chemosensing. Since they were first reported in 2007, CPPs have emerged as protean materials that can be figuratively tailored towards various applications through judicious selection of building blocks and innovative synthetic protocols. The primary focus of this book chapter will be directed at this combination of building block selection and the approach adopted during synthesis, such as the use of templating agents and post synthetic modifications. Significant discussion will also be devoted towards methods that can be used to influence the nanoscale structure of CPPs, including their surface area and morphology. In addition, examples of CPPs where intermolecular forces of attraction play key roles in their application, for example, during gas adsorption or host–guest complex formation, will also be highlighted.
Concepts and Design of Water Dispersive Hydrophobic Supracrystals: Specific Properties
Authors: Pileni Marie Paule
Published: February 2022

Here we report new concepts to produce organic/inorganic supracrystalline hybrid structures. Hydrophobic nanocrystals are self-assembled in crystalline structures called supracrystals. The “clustered” structures are Co or Au supracrystals associated with bio-organic materials to disperse hydrophobic supracrystals in aqueous solution. The second ones are densely packed Fe3O4 nanocrystals forming either shells or fcc solid spherical particles called colloidosomes or supraballs (supracrystals) respectively. The third ones, called “egg” structures, are Au/Fe3O4 supracrystals inside colloidosome. The physical properties of such hybrids remain at the early stage. With Co “clustered” structures, their magnetic collective properties are maintained. With Au “clustered” structures appearance of optical photonic (i.e. collective) mode due to formation of metamaterial is observed. Furthermore, these structures keep the fingerprint of their building blocks. These water dispersive hybrid structures subjected to light operate as very efficient universal nanoheaters. By using colloidosomes and supraballs as nano-carriers in a cell model of human epidermoid carcinoma (A431), the cellular uptake markedly increases with respect to water-soluble-dispersed nanocrystals and magnetic cells are produced.
Tailoring Colloidal Core–Shell Quantum Dots for Optoelectronics
Authors: Channa Ali Imran , You Yimin , Tong Xin , Wang Zhiming M.
Published: February 2022

Colloidal core–shell quantum dots (QDs) are promising nanosystems exhibiting outstanding optical properties including enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), prolonged exciton lifetime, suppressed Auger recombination (AR) and improved photo-/chemical stability as compared to bare QDs. The band structure of core–shell QDs can be properly tailored via choosing appropriate core and shell materials, resulting in different types of band alignments such as type I, type II, and quasi-type II, which can be used for achieving a variety of high-performance optoelectronic devices including QDs-sensitized solar cells, photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells, luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), light emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers and photodetectors. In this chapter, we introduced the synthesis and optical properties regarding different types of core–shell QDs and highlighted their band structure tuning for various optoelectronic applications. We also discussed the existing challenges and prospective developments of core–shell QDs-based optoelectronics, which are crucial to pave the way for their future practical usages.
Materials Nanoarchitectonics Here, There, Everywhere: Looking Back and Leaping Forward
Authors: Azzaroni Omar , Cortez M. Lorena , Rafti Matías , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: February 2022

In this last chapter the diversity of integration strategies and building blocks within the field of nanoarchitectonics is illustrated by describing a variety of different physicochemical systems ranging from surface-confined macromolecules to self-assembled supramolecular colloids. The resulting concerted functionalities and synergistic effects coming from the rational integration of different building blocks highlight the importance of the nanoarchitectonics point of view on the design and fabrication of new materials for confronting complex problems with creative solutions in areas comprising health, environment, and energy.
Cr and Co-modified Cu/Al2O3 as an efficient catalyst for the continuous synthesis of bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether
Authors: Zeng Yuyao , Wang Bowei , Xu Wensheng , Yan Xilong , Li Yang , Bai Guoyi , Chen Ligong
Published: February 2022

A series of transition metal-doped Cu-based Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by a coprecipitation–kneading method, in which Cu–Cr–Co/Al2O3 shows desirable catalytic toward continuous amination of diethylene glycol with dimethylamine to bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether.
An ultrahigh-loading single-site Zn catalyst for efficient and ambient hydrogen generation from silanes
Authors: Chen Hongyu , He Qian , Wang Pengbo , Ji Hongbing , He Xiaohui
Published: February 2022

A ball milling strategy was developed to prepare a 28.3 wt% ultrahigh-loading single-site Zn catalyst with outstanding catalytic activity for the production of hydrogen from silanes.
Graphene-based phenformin carriers for cancer cell treatment: a comparative study between oxidized and pegylated pristine graphene in human cells and zebrafish
Authors: Alhourani Abdelnour , Førde Jan-Lukas , Nasrollahzadeh Mojdeh , Eichacker Lutz Andreas , Herfindal Lars , Hagland Hanne Røland
Published: February 2022

Graphene is an attractive choice for the development of an effective drug carrier in cancer treatment due to its high adsorption area and pH-responsive drug affinity.
Functionalized hybrid magnetic catalytic systems on micro- and nanoscale utilized in organic synthesis and degradation of dyes
Authors: Ganjali Fatemeh , Kashtiaray Amir , Zarei-Shokat Simindokht , Taheri-Ledari Reza , Maleki Ali
Published: February 2022

A comprehensive survey is presented to review the recent advances of functionalized hybrid magnetic catalytic systems for organic reactions and degradation of dyes.
A tumor microenvironment dual responsive contrast agent for contrary contrast-magnetic resonance imaging and specific chemotherapy of tumors
Authors: Lu Yudie , Feng Jie , Liang Zhiyu , Lu Xuanyi , Guo Shuai , Huang Lin , Xiong Wei , Chen Sijin , Zhou Huimin , Ma Xuehua , Xu Yikai , Qiu Xiaozhong , Wu Aiguo , Chen Xiaoyuan , Shen Zheyu
Published: February 2022

A smart MRI contrast agent that is almost not responsive to normal physiological conditions, but highly responsive to acidic and reductive TME, realized CC-MRI, and significantly enhanced the MRI contrast between tumors and livers.
Advances in the synthesis and application of the SSZ-39 zeolite
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhu Longfeng , Wu Qinming , Meng Xiangju , Xiao Feng-Shou
Published: February 2022

The SSZ-39 zeolite is regarded as a promising small-pore zeolite for industrial applications due to its excellent catalytic properties and this review briefly summarizes the recent advances in the synthesis and application of the SSZ-39 zeolite.
Extraction of essential oil from Zingiber officinale and statistical optimization of process parameters
Authors: Mohammed Haidar Hasan , Laftah Waham Ashaier , Noel Ibrahim Akos , Che Yunus Mohd Azizi
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of process extraction variables (extraction time, volume of solvent, weight of sample) on the production of essential oil from ginger rhizome using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
Bifunctional folic-conjugated aspartic-modified Fe3O4 nanocarriers for efficient targeted anticancer drug delivery
Authors: Khalil Munawar , Haq Ely Arina , Dwiranti Astari , Prasedya Eka Sunarwidhi , Kitamoto Yoshitaka
Published: February 2022

Aspartic acid was used as an anchoring molecule for the conjugation of folic acid and doxorubicin to Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The as-prepared bifunctional folic-conjugated aspartic-modified Fe3O4 nanocarrier was shown to be as an efficient targeted anticancer drug delivery.
Green solvent free epoxidation of olefins by a heterogenised hydrazone-dioxidotungsten(vi) coordination compound
Authors: Heydari Neda , Bikas Rahman , Shaterian Maryam , Lis Tadeusz
Published: February 2022

In this study the solvent free catalytic oxidation of olefins by a new silica supported hydrazone-dioxidotungsten(vi) coordination compound is investigated.
N-Difluoromethylation of N-pyridyl-substituted anilines with ethyl bromodifluoroacetate
Authors: Duan Jindian , Choy Pui Ying , Gan Kin Boon , Kwong Fuk Yee
Published: February 2022

A general protocol for N-difluoromethylation of aniline derivatives is developed.
Temperature- and solvent-induced reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations of TbIII-based MOFs with excellent stabilities and fluorescence sensing properties toward drug molecules
Authors: Li Yu , Chai Bi-Lian , Xu Hui , Zheng Teng-Fei , Chen Jing-Lin , Liu Sui-Jun , Wen He-Rui
Published: February 2022

The water and pH stabilities of JXUST-12 have been greatly improved by SCSC  transformation and JXUST-12a exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity toward drug.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Tolerance factor, phase stability and order–disorder of the pyrochlore structure”’ by M. S. Nickolsky, Inorg. Chem. Front, 2022, 9, DOI: 10.1039/D1QI01267C
Authors: Song Zhen , Liu Quanlin
Published: February 2022

Reply to M. S. Nickolsky's comment on “Tolerance factor, phase stability and order–disorder of the pyrochlore structure” is presented.
Research on central air‐conditioning control strategy of intelligent building group based on DFT
Authors: Li Bin , Yang Mengru , Li Zhineng , Bai Xiaoqing
Published: February 2022

To construct a multi‐energy complementary system for intelligent building group, a direct control strategy for central air conditioning based on discrete Fourier transform is proposed. This strategy can reduce the deviation between actual load and transaction results while absorbing photovoltaic (PV) power generation and improving the enterprise economy in the power market environment. The strategy uses the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to find the scheduling demand of the central air‐conditioning (AC) group and realizes the scheduling demand by changing the temperature setting value. Also, the strategy can assess AC status in real‐time, which combines with ultra‐short‐term load forecasting to adjust future purchase planned values. The simulation results show that the strategy can realize a real‐time load track with the power purchase plan while absorbing PV power generation with low action times and temperature changes, which improves the absorption of distributed PV power generation and reduces the assessment bias.
The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: The population of [CII]-undetected galaxies and their role in the L[CII]-SFR relation
Authors: Romano M. , Morselli L. , Cassata P. , Ginolfi M. , Schaerer D. , Béthermin M. , Capak P. , Faisst A. , Le Fèvre O. , Silverman J. D. , Yan L. , Bardelli S. , Boquien M. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Fujimoto S. , Hathi N. P. , Jones G. C. , Koekemoer A. M. , Lemaux B. C. , Méndez-Hernández H. , Narayanan D. , Talia M. , Vergani D. , Zamorani G. , Zucca E.
Published: February 2022

The [CII] 158 μm emission line represents one of the most profitable tools for the investigation of the high-redshift galaxies in the early Universe so far. Being one of the brightest cooling lines in the rest-frame far-infrared regime of star-forming galaxies, it has been successfully exploited as a tracer of the star-formation rate (SFR) in local sources. The picture is more complex at higher redshifts, where its usability in this context is still under investigation. Recent results from the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE) survey suggest that there is no (or weak) evolution of the L[CII]-SFR relation up to z ∼ 6, but their reliability is hampered by the presence of a large population of [CII] nondetected galaxies. In this work, we characterize the population of [CII] nondetections in ALPINE. By stacking their ALMA spectra, we obtained a signal detected at ∼5.1σ, resulting in a [CII] luminosity of log(L[CII]/L⊙)∼7.8. When combining this value with those from the [CII] detections, we found a L[CII]-SFR relation with a slope b = 1.14 ± 0.11, which is in agreement within the uncertainties both with the linear relation found in the local Universe and with the previous findings from ALPINE at z ∼ 5. This suggests that the [CII] line can be considered a good tracer of star formation up to the distant Universe. Finally, we show that the galaxies of our sample that deviate from the observed L[CII]-SFR relation most could suffer from a less precise redshift estimation, perhaps artificially reducing their [CII] luminosity. In this respect, we claim that there is no evidence in favor of a deficit of [CII] content in high-z galaxies, in contrast with earlier studies.
Genetic safety in Russia: threats and legal regulation perspectives
Authors: Evdokimov Vyacheslav Borisovich , Alimov Emil Vaizovich
Published: February 2022

The article provides a general theoretical and legal analysis of a little-studied legal category - genetic safety. Based on the study of the Russian and foreign scientific literature and a number of legal acts, the authors identified the main threats to genetic safety and pointed out specific issues requiring detailed analysis and legal assessment. In particular, the authors consider the results of genetic testing in the armed forces (shown using the experience of the United States). The authors came to the conclusion that at present Russia is significantly lagging behind the advanced foreign states in the genetic safety legal regulation. This is confirmed by the lack of relevant laws and the documents of organizations carrying out this activity (the so-called “self-regulation”). It seems that the positive experience of genetic safety regulation issues in leading foreign countries can be used to improve the regulatory framework in the Russian Federation.
Instruments for the protection of human rights violated during the study of human genome
Authors: Dupan Anna , Bikbulatova Juliana
Published: February 2022

The paper contains a comparative analysis of legal instruments used in the Russian legislation and in the legislation of other countries (Germany, Great Britain, USA, Japan) to protect (prevent violations, restore) human rights violated during the study of human genome. It was concluded that the existence of a comprehensive system of legal means for the protection and restoration of human rights violated during the study of human genome, is an incentive for the development of genomic research. In this regard, in Russia it is necessary to amend civil acts, Information, Criminal and Administrative Law in order to establish the peculiarities of the compensation for harm to human rights violations when studying human genome, special (different from the general) procedure for obtaining voluntary informed consent for genomic research, as well as special offences and administrative offenses committed during the study of the human genome.
Anent the the first dictionaries in Yakut language (survey analysis of dictionaries published before 1935)
Authors: Efremova Nadezhda
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to a survey analysis of the first dictionaries in the Yakut language published before 1935. The author raises the question of developing new dictionaries of various types. The purpose of this study is to describe the first dictionaries that were published by the Yakut intelligentsia in the era of the elimination of illiteracy among people. The principles of development and uniqueness of dictionary entries are revealed. The main methodological guideline of this research is the works of the leading Russian scientists in the field of lexicography, among which are L.P. Stupin, L.V. Shcherba. The scope of the results application: a) can be used when developing the translation, terminological, and spelling dictionaries; b) conclusions and materials contained in the study can serve as an additional source in the study of the lexicography of the Yakut language. As a result of the study, we come to the conclusion that the Yakut lexicography dates back to 1849 and is associated with the names of such prominent scientists as O. N. Betlingk and E. K. Pekarsky. Their dictionaries were written in German and represented as additional material to the study of the language of the Yakut people as a kind of national language. After the October Revolution, the Yakut intelligentsia, represented by I.P. Budishchev, S.N. Donskoy-I, V.P. Antonov-Saratovsky, P.A.Oyunsky. All of them were interested in the education of the native people. These dictionaries were compiled in the first Novgorodian alphabet and were a reference material for communicating with the Russian-speaking audience.
Civil law regime of 3D models of museum collection items
Authors: Martyanova Elizaveta
Published: February 2022

The Fourth Industrial Revolution affected all spheres of life, as well as the museum sector. The prevalence of public relations on the creation of 3D models of museum items is combined with the fragmentation and inconsistency of their legal regulation. The study of the civil law regime of 3D models of museum items requires determining the place of the object in the system of civil rights; the list of persons empowered to create such an object and the scope of their rights; the means of protecting the rights to such an object. The analysis of current Russian legislation and law enforcement practice has revealed inconsistencies between the provisions of the institute of intellectual property and the norms regulating relations involving museums and cultural institutions. It is proved that the law enforcement position on the priority of "museum law" over copyright law has insufficient normative and theoretical basis. The author suggests ways to achieve a balance of interests of society, copyright holders and museums in this area.
Gene Editing and the Environment (the International Legal Challenges)
Authors: Kvashis Vitaly , Tsokolova Olga , Sluchevskaya Yulia
Published: February 2022

The article examines the problems of risks inherent in gene technologies, which pose a potential danger of a destructive impact on the environment; analyzes the possibilities and prospects for controlling these risks using the mechanisms of international law. The lack of a unified approach in the legislation and practice of the application of international law in the countries most actively using gene technologies is stated. These provisions significantly complicate the search for consensus between the subjects of international law and increase the likelihood and danger of causing significant harm in the course of targeted manipulation of genomes. It is noted that the current regulation of research practice in international documents does not correspond to the current level of genetic engineering. Particular attention is paid to the safety of research laboratories and the analysis of incidents with different risks to human life and health. On this basis, the question is raised about the ability of legal systems to cope with the risks of dangerous consequences of such incidents. The need for a unified approach and the development of an international agreement in the field of genetic research is emphasized on the basis of the system of principles for regulating research in this area proposed by the authors.
Safety of media space: legal regulation and the right of access to information
Authors: Dzhunushalieva Gulmira , Kovaleva Alla , Maksutova Begaiym
Published: February 2022

The introduction of digital technologies into the daily life of citizens and their communication with government agencies changes the quality of the media space. The system of relations for the production and consumption of information is regulated by the regulatory framework of a particular state. However, the high speed of development of Internet sites, new media, and the expanding circle of communication subjects do not allow timely improvement of the mechanisms of legal regulation of the information space without infringing on the constitutional human right of freedom of access information. The issue is also actualized with the activation of protest movements in the post-Soviet republics since information and communication technologies can significantly influence public opinion, protest sentiments, and destabilize public order. The events in Belarus and Kyrgyzstan in 2020 are already almost examples of classical cases of the use of ICT in the social mobilization of the public masses. The offered ways of solving the problem of improving the legal regulation of the media space are to focus on international ratings of freedom of access to information. It is to understand in which positions the work is not carried out at the proper level; close cooperation with public professional communities that respond more quickly to changes in the information space; in social ordering to stimulate the software development for tracking information of subversive and extremist content in social networks and online communities.
Features of the Japanese genre of hokku in the works by K. Utkin
Authors: Vasilieva T.
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the study of the poetics of the Japanese genre of hokku in the works by the famous Yakut poet, philosopher and culture expert Ksenophont Dmitrievich Utkin. The features of compliance with the canons of Japanese poetry have been identified: adherence to the basic rules and traditions (stylistic, stanza and compositional criteria), aesthetic principles and categories, semantic structure. The national specifics of mastering the genre, which is manifested in the disclosure of the image, sound pattern, and the desire to express the national perception of the world. The study yielded the conclusion that mastering of hokku in Yakut poetry is primarily based on traditional features. The studied examples are close to the typology of the original in terms of formal and compositional principles: the two-part structure of the work, the stanza and syllabic canon. The poet adheres to the thematic features associated with the description of nature, the world and the state of mind of the lyric hero. A typological similarity between the studied hokku and Japanese poetics is observed in adherence to aesthetic principles (yugen, shiori, engo), the use of seasonal words, vagueness, allegory and symbolism. The need for knowledge of the traditional culture brings the works closer to Japanese poetry. Yakut works are characterized by a special rhyme, the role of alliteration and national interpretation of images, and the material and spiritual components of the Yakut worldview.
Legal regulation of organizing maritime transport safety
Authors: Migda Natalia , Slitsan Andrey E.
Published: February 2022

The relevance of the study is predetermined by the current situation in the locations of seaports, terminals and port facilities, in view of the need and expediency of ensuring and maintaining a state of protection against acts of unlawful interference. The article reveals the basic concepts, analyzes the factors and threats affecting the level of transport safety, and investigates the system and procedure for the implementation of legal norms regulating the legal relations inherent in the research area. The attention is focused on the problematic aspects of the transport safety implementation, regarding which the ways of improving the legislation of administrative and legal regulation of transport safety in the Russian Federation are proposed. There are gaps in the conceptual apparatus, which negatively affects law enforcement practice. Fixing the term fully reflecting the aspects of maritime transport security will eliminate the problem and the gap in interpretation, and will assist in concretizing the terminology as well. The imperfection of the content of Article 11.6 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation provides prerequisites for the commission of offenses of both minor severity and those that can be qualified as actions that create a threat of committing an act of unlawful interference on protected objects of transport infrastructure, objects of the fuel and energy complex, which can entail serious consequences.
Transformation of legal impact in the context of the modern information and technological structure (case study of the relations connected with genomic information)
Authors: Berg L.N.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to a crucial theoretical issue of the impact transformation under the influence of digital technologies. It is necessary to distinguish the process of law evolution in general and legal impact in particular, which presupposes a gradual, "dosed" change in the regulatory legal framework of the state in the direction of its greater adaptation to changing socio-economic and political realities from a more radical version of changes - from the transformation of legal impact under the influence of digital technologies and new qualities acquired by the information society. Legal impact in the digital environment demonstrates not only a new type of subjects, previously unknown to the classical paradigm of law, but also a special type of legal ties. From a legal point of view, the relationship pattern is of contractual nature on the Internet, reflecting the conventional process of interaction of quasi-subjects of law, which corresponds to the nature of almost any network interaction. However, the specificity is that norms are formed; and they contain self-regulation rules and have a legal impact on the subjects of network communication. The transformation of legal impact in the above sense presupposes qualitative changes in legal impact that are local in time, but reactive (accelerated) in intensity, accompanied by the complication of the legal impact organization, the emergence of new components under the influence of technological factors and, accordingly, new functions. The objective is to demonstrate the vector of changes in the contemporary theory of legal impact and acquire a new look for it. We use the data and material of modern characteristics of society to solve the problem. The transformation of legal impact occurs under the influence of changes in the legal and social systems having occurred as a result of the reconfiguration of social objects, which are traditional areas of legal impact, and owing to the forced transformation of legal means used by the state. The basic features of such transformation are revealed by the example of a theoretical comprehension of the “genomic information” concept and the attitude of the legislator to it. The result of the study is the conclusion that the transformation of legal impact is a sequential system of organizational, legal, mental shifts (innovations), which provide for the creation of new components of legal impact that do not coincide with their previous structures with a supplementary (or new) set of functions.
Representation of key concepts in Belarusian and Chinese linguo-cultures
Authors: Ilyicheva Inna , Chen Chunxia , Saidzi Anzhela
Published: February 2022

The paper unfolds the content of the concepts “Bison” and “Dragon” in the Belarusian and Chinese linguo-cultures. Through reference to the study of the national language and literature in close connection with the cultures and mentalities as well as with the national identity of both countries the concepts are reconstructed through the prism of such modern linguistic disciplines as linguoculturology and linguoconceptology. The study of the means of verbal and non-verbal expressions of the concepts “Bison” and “Dragon” enables the authors to distinguish the most significant features of the concepts and point out their cultural value from the viewpoints of two contradictory trends of modernity: the processes of globalization and the desire to preserve national identity. Considering the concepts of “Bison” and “Dragon” in the Belarusian and Chinese linguo-cultures, literature, arts, heraldry, the results of the associative experiments are presented. The analysis of poetic and prose works proved the cultural value of the concepts under consideration.
Buddhist online communities on Vkontakte social network: structure, practices and ideas
Authors: Badmatsyrenov Timur , Badmatsyrenova Elizaveta , Dansarunova Sanzhida
Published: February 2022

Today, social networks have become a space for the active development of Buddhist online communities. In the new digital environment, new social forms of interaction between users are emerging, often with different ideas about Buddhism. Moreover, many of them are not integrated into offline Buddhist communities and practices. This process can be considered as the development of a digital religion, admixture of online and offline social structures, practices and ideas. The paper is aimed at identifying the characteristics of the structure of Buddhist communities on the VKontakte social network. We have used automated data collection and mathematical modelling methods to study the interaction between the existing online communities, identified and described the clusters of Buddhist users.
The Influence of the “Face” tradition on the Chinese Education system
Authors: Prutskikh Tatyana , Merkulova Elizaveta
Published: February 2022

The paper covers linguistic and cultural aspects of the concept of "face" and established combinations with the synonyms 面 and 脸. It compares some of the distinctive characteristics of the Chinese education system throughout history and assesses the influence of the "face saving" tradition on the Chinese education system. The paper studies linguistic and cultural aspects of the concept of "face", which refers to cultural understanding of respect, honour and social standing. The authors established combinations with the synonyms 面 and 脸, such as, “having face” (有面子), “not having face” (没面子), “losing face” (丢 脸/丢面子) ,“giving face” (给面子/给脸) etc. The essay compares some of the distinctive characteristics of the Chinese education system throughout history and assesses positive and negative influence of the "face saving" tradition on the Chinese education system.
Reshaping of communicative and cultural codes in the new global digital communicative sphere
Authors: Olga Verbitskaya , Ekaterina Lesnikovskaya
Published: February 2022

Today, new global digital communicative space is emerging and consolidating, in which the players – national states, business units, individuals – all struggle to find and secure their place. The new reality that implies communication through global digital platforms seems to be reshaping and redefining the “global village”; it produces and reproduces a new set of cultural symbols and sociocultural codes. The article covers the unique characteristics that the new discourse space has. Special attention is paid to one of the most influential features of the new global digital communicative sphere – the remarkable intensity of the information content. The authors argue that cultural codes and patterns change following the changes in the global communicative sphere.
Ist die weibliche koronare Mikrovaskulatur anders?
Authors: Sechtem Udo , Seitz Andreas , McChord Johanna , Ong Peter
Published: February 2022

Viele Frauen mit Angina pectoris haben keine stenosierende koronare Herzerkrankung. Oft
liegen der Symptomatik koronare Funktionsstörungen zugrunde, die wiederum häufig die
koronare Mikrovaskulatur betreffen. Zu unterscheiden ist zwischen mikrovaskulären
Störungen der Vasodilatation bzw. der Vasokonstriktion, wobei letztere häufiger sind. Die
genaue Diagnose erfordert in aller Regel invasive Funktionstests mit Applikation von
Adenosin bzw. Acetylcholin. Die Testergebnisse erlauben die Einteilung in Endotypen, die
wiederum die Basis für eine angepasste und daher erfolgreiche medikamentöse Therapie sind.
Es wurde spekuliert, dass die weibliche Mikrovaskulatur anders aufgebaut sein bzw. anders
funktionieren könne als die männliche. Wahrscheinlich ist der wesentliche Unterschied aber
die schnellere und daher frühere Entwicklung epikardialer stenosierender Läsionen bei
Männern, bei denen dann nicht weiter nach dem Zustand der Mikrovaskulatur geschaut wird.
Dafür spricht die hohe Zahl von Patienten, die auch nach Koronarintervention weiter Angina
pectoris haben.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Best Norman
Published: February 2022

zu allererst möchte ich Ihnen
wünschen, dass die Dinge, die Sie sich für das Jahr 2022 vorgenommen
haben auch erfolgreich umgesetzt werden können. Wir hoffen, nun endlich in
gewisser Weise wieder ein wenig Normalität zu erlangen und die
Coronapandemie mit ihren extremen Auswirkungen in allen Bereichen unserer
Gesellschaft zunehmend hinter uns lassen zu können.
Mechanisms of atmospheric pressure plasma protection of neuronal cells under simulated ischemic stroke conditions
Authors: Yan Xu , Yang Bingyan , Ouyang Jiting , Zhang Chenyang , Lai Yu , Shi Zhongfang , Han Ruoyu , Zhang Wei , Yuan Fang , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: February 2022

Physico-chemical and biological effects of atmospheric pressure plasmas (APPs) find numerous applications in biotechnology, medicine, and other fields. Recent studies revealed APPs’ potential for ischemic stroke treatment through the protection of neuronal cells from injuries. However, the mechanisms of the plasma neuroprotection effects still remain unknown. This study reveals the key mechanisms of APP plasma jet (APPJ) enabled reduction of neuronal cell death caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) under stroke-relevant conditions. Plasma reduced OGD induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y neuronal cells is based on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production and on nitric oxide related activation of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase G (PKG) pathway, followed by the Bcl-2/Bax level modulation and caspase3/9 activity inhibition. In addition, the protective effect of APPJ treatment on OGD injured SH-SY5Y cells could be abolished by cGMP pathway inhibitor LY83583 pretreatment. Collectively, our findings highlight that the mechanism of the neuroprotection effects of the plasma treatment is closely related to the intracellular cGMP/PKG pathway, which provide experimental and theoretical references for future studies on plasma medicine.
The roles of language proficiency and study abroad in Japanese students’ receptive pragmatic competence
Authors: Shintani Natsuko , Ellis Rod
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the pragmatic competence of 50 Japanese English major students, divided into two groups, one of which participated in a study abroad (SA) program and the other stayed at home (AH) taking regular university classes. Two tests were used to measure two aspects of the students’ pragmatic competence. The Irony Test measured their ability to identify negative and positive irony. The Metapragmatic Test measured their ability to identify inappropriate speech acts and their understanding of why they were inappropriate. Results showed that, compared with a group of native speakers, the students had difficulty in identifying both irony – especially positive irony – and speech act inappropriateness. The students’ language proficiency was related to their metapragmatic ability but not to their ability to detect irony. A comparison of the SA and AH students revealed a small advantage for the former in the Metapragmatic Test but not in the Irony Test.
Teacher translanguaging in CLIL primary education: do teachers’ perceptions match their real practices? (Translingüismo y aprendizaje integrado de contenidos y lengua extranjera (AICLE) en la educación primaria: percepciones y prácticas reales del profesorado)
Authors: Serra Judit , Feijoo Sara
Published: February 2022

The use of the students’ first language (L1) in the foreign language class (FL) is a common but controversial issue that has received little attention. This might be more relevant in the case of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), since, under CLIL approaches, students need to acquire content through an FL that they have not mastered yet. The current paper aims at analysing teachers’ uses and perceptions of translanguaging in CLIL classrooms in a primary education context following a case study. Five CLIL primary education teachers from Catalonia participated in the study. They were voice-recorded for several sessions teaching a subject in CLIL with the same class and they also completed a questionnaire. The analysis showed that all the participants used their L1 for a number of purposes. Even though individual perceptions differed, in general, teachers were positive about using translanguaging. CLIL teachers would benefit both from reflecting on their own practices in terms of translanguaging uses and from formal instruction in the matter.
Thermodynamic equilibrium condition and the first law of thermodynamics for charged perfect fluids in electromagnetic and gravitational fields
Authors: Shi Kai , Tian Yu , Wu Xiaoning , Zhang Hongbao , Zhu Chuanjia
Published: February 2022

We provide a proof of the necessary and sufficient condition on the profile of the temperature, chemical potential, and angular velocity for a charged perfect fluid in dynamic equilibrium to be in thermodynamic equilibrium not only in fixed but also in dynamical electromagnetic and gravitational fields. In passing, we also present the corresponding expression for the first law of thermodynamics for such a charged star.
Review of high energy x-ray computed tomography for non-destructive dimensional metrology of large metallic advanced manufactured components
Authors: Sun Wenjuan , Symes Daniel R , Brenner Ceri M , Böhnel Michael , Brown Stephen , Mavrogordato Mark N , Sinclair Ian , Salamon Michael
Published: February 2022

Advanced manufacturing technologies, led by additive manufacturing, have undergone significant growth in recent years. These technologies enable engineers to design parts with reduced weight while maintaining structural and functional integrity. In particular, metal additive manufacturing parts are increasingly used in application areas such as aerospace, where a failure of a mission-critical part can have dire safety consequences. Therefore, the quality of these components is extremely important. A critical aspect of quality control is dimensional evaluation, where measurements provide quantitative results that are traceable to the standard unit of length, the metre. Dimensional measurements allow designers, manufacturers and users to check product conformity against engineering drawings and enable the same quality standard to be used across the supply chain nationally and internationally. However, there is a lack of development of measurement techniques that provide non-destructive dimensional measurements beyond common non-destructive evaluation focused on defect detection. X-ray computed tomography (XCT) technology has great potential to be used as a non-destructive dimensional evaluation technology. However, technology development is behind the demand and growth for advanced manufactured parts. Both the size and the value of advanced manufactured parts have grown significantly in recent years, leading to new requirements of dimensional measurement technologies. This paper is a cross-disciplinary review of state-of-the-art non-destructive dimensional measuring techniques relevant to advanced manufacturing of metallic parts at larger length scales, especially the use of high energy XCT with source energy of greater than 400 kV to address the need in measuring large advanced manufactured parts. Technologies considered as potential high energy x-ray generators include both conventional x-ray tubes, linear accelerators, and alternative technologies such as inverse Compton scattering sources, synchrotron sources and laser-driven plasma sources. Their technology advances and challenges are elaborated on. The paper also outlines the development of XCT for dimensional metrology and future needs.
Laser-lithographically written micron-wide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Authors: Protte Maximilian , Verma Varun B , Höpker Jan Philipp , Mirin Richard P , Woo Nam Sae , Bartley Tim J
Published: February 2022

We demonstrate the fabrication of micron-wide tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on a silicon substrate using laser lithography. We show saturated internal detection efficiencies with wire widths ranging from 0.59 µm to 1.43 µm under illumination at 1550 nm. We demonstrate both straight wires, as well as meandered structures. Single-photon sensitivity is shown in devices up to 4 mm in length. Laser-lithographically written devices allow for fast and easy structuring of large areas while maintaining a saturated internal efficiency for wire widths around 1 µm.
Quantum metrology based on symmetry-protected adiabatic transformation: imperfection, finite time duration, and dephasing
Authors: Hatomura Takuya , Yoshinaga Atsuki , Matsuzaki Yuichiro , Tatsuta Mamiko
Published: February 2022

The aim of quantum metrology is to estimate target parameters as precisely as possible. In this paper, we consider quantum metrology based on symmetry-protected adiabatic transformation. We introduce a ferromagnetic Ising model with a transverse field as a probe and consider the estimation of a longitudinal field. Without the transverse field, the ground state of the probe is given by the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state, and thus the Heisenberg limit estimation of the longitudinal field can be achieved through parity measurement. In our scheme, full information of the longitudinal field encoded on parity is exactly mapped to global magnetization by symmetry-protected adiabatic transformation, and thus the parity measurement can be replaced with global magnetization measurement. Moreover, this scheme requires neither accurate control of individual qubits nor that of interaction strength. We discuss the effects of the finite transverse field and nonadiabatic transitions as imperfection of adiabatic transformation. By taking into account finite time duration for state preparation, sensing, and readout, we also compare performance of the present scheme with a classical scheme in the absence and presence of dephasing.
Dark photon dark matter from a rolling inflaton
Authors: Bastero-Gil Mar , Santiago Jose , Vega-Morales Roberto , Ubaldi Lorenzo
Published: February 2022

We study in detail a recently proposed mechanism for producing non-thermal dark photon dark matter at the end of inflation in the mass range μ eV≲ m ≲ 10 TeV. A tachyonic instability induced by a rolling inflaton leads to the coherent production of dark (abelian) gauge bosons with a peak in the power spectrum corresponding to the Hubble scale at the end of inflation. As the Universe expands after inflation the dark photons redshift and, at some point in their cosmic evolution, they obtain a mass. We focus in particular on the case where the dark photons are relativistic at the time their mass is generated and examine the associated cosmic evolution to compute the relic abundance today. We also examine the late time power spectrum demonstrating explicitly that it preserves the peak generated at the end of inflation. We show that the peak corresponds to small physical scales today, ℓtoday∼ cm-100 km, with large density fluctuations at ℓtoday leading to a clumpy nature for the dark photon dark matter. We also discuss potential phenomenology and future directions, briefly commenting on the non-relativistic case.
Preferential attachment network model with aging and initial attractiveness
Authors: Peng Xiao-Long
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we generalize the growing network model with preferential attachment for new links to simultaneously include aging and initial attractiveness of nodes. The network evolves with the addition of a new node per unit time, and each new node has m new links that with probability Π
i
are connected to nodes i already present in the network. In our model, the preferential attachment probability Π
i
is proportional not only to k

i
+ A, the sum of the old node i's degree k

i
and its initial attractiveness A, but also to the aging factor

τ

i

−
α

, where τ

i
is the age of the old node i. That is,

Π

i

∝
(

k

i

+
A
)

τ

i

−
α

. Based on the continuum approximation, we present a mean-field analysis that predicts the degree dynamics of the network structure. We show that depending on the aging parameter α two different network topologies can emerge. For α < 1, the network exhibits scaling behavior with a power-law degree distribution P(k) ∝ k
−γ
for large k where the scaling exponent γ increases with the aging parameter α and is linearly correlated with the ratio A/m. Moreover, the average degree k(t

i
, t) at time t for any node i that is added into the network at time t

i
scales as

k
(

t

i

,
t
)
∝

t

i

−
β

where 1/β is a linear function of A/m. For α > 1, such scaling behavior disappears and the degree distribution is exponential.
Mixing of X and Y states from QCD sum rules analysis *
Authors: Chen Ze-Sheng , Huang Zhuo-Ran , Jin Hong-Ying , Steele T.G. , Zhang Zhu-Feng
Published: February 2022

We study

and

states as mixed states in QCD sum rules. By calculating the two-point correlation functions of pure states of their corresponding currents, we review the mass and coupling constant predictions of

,

, and

states. By calculating the two-point mixed correlation functions of

and

currents, we estimate the mass and coupling constants of the corresponding "physical state" that couples to both

and

currents. Our results suggest that for

states, the

and

components are more likely to mix, while for

and

states, there is less mixing between

and

. Our results suggest the Y series of states have more complicated components.
Introducing the multi-dimensional spectral phasors: a tool for the analysis of fluorescence excitation-emission matrices
Authors: Socas L B P , Ambroggio E E
Published: February 2022

The use of phasors to analyze fluorescence data was first introduced for time-resolved studies for a simpler mathematical analysis of the fluorescence-decay curves. Recently, this approach was extended to steady-state experiments with the introduction of the spectral phasors (SP), derived from the Fourier transform of the fluorescence emission spectrum. In this work, we revise key mathematical aspects that lead to an interpretation of SP as the characteristic function of a probability distribution. This formalism allows us to introduce a new tool, called multi-dimensional spectral phasor (MdSP) that seize, not only the information from the emission spectrum, but from the full excitation-emission matrix (EEM). In addition, we developed a homemade open-source Java software to facilitate the MdSP data processing. Due to this mathematical conceptualization, we settled a mechanism for the use of MdSP as a tool to tackle spectral signal unmixing problems in a more accurate way than SP. As a proof of principle, with the use of MdSP we approach two important biophysical questions: protein conformational changes and protein-ligand interactions. Specifically, we experimentally measure the EEM changes upon denaturation of human serum albumin (HSA) or during its association with the fluorescence dye 1,8-anilinonaphtalene sulphate (ANS) detected via tryptophan-ANS Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). In this sense, MdSP allows us to obtain information of the system in a simpler and finer way than the traditional SP. Specifically, understanding a protein’s EEM as a molecular fingerprint opens new doors for the use of MdSP as a tool to analyze and comprehend protein conformational changes and interactions.