bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of vertical model levels on the prediction of MJO teleconnections. Part II: The stratospheric pathway in the UFS global coupled model
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim I. , Wu Zheng , Yadav Priyanka , Lawrence Zachary , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Zheng Cheng , Wang Jiabao , Jenney Andrea M. , Kim Hyemi , Schwartz Chen , Stan Cristiana
Published: December 2024

This study continues the evaluation of the prediction of MJO teleconnections in two versions of the NOAA Unified Forecast System (UFS): prototype 5 (UFS5) and prototype 6 (UFS6). The key difference between the two prototypes is in the number of vertical layers (127 in UFS6 vs. 64 in UFS5) and model top (80 km in UFS6 vs. 54 km in UFS5), and the role of this increased resolution for the stratospheric pathway of MJO teleconnections is explored. The higher resolution prototype (UFS6) displays larger biases in its representation of tropospheric stationary waves, though both simulate a reasonable flux of wave activity entering the stratosphere. The stratospheric polar vortex in both prototypes is overly-sensitive to incoming wave activity, while both simulate a reasonable downward propagation of vortex anomalies within the stratosphere and down to the troposphere. The net effect is that both simulate the stratospheric pathway of the MJO better than has been documented for any forecasting system, though the hindcast period available for UFS differs from that used in previous studies. This allows them to predict, e.g., near-surface temperature over Eurasia with some skill on subseasonal timescales (week 3 to 5). However, this success could be the result of “two wrongs making a right”, and as individual biases are fixed, skill could temporarily be reduced. Overall, the two prototypes show similar performance in simulating the stratospheric route, suggesting that in the UFS, the increase in model vertical resolution has a limited impact on the prediction of MJO teleconnections via the stratosphere.
Large-scale molecular survey for piroplasmids in Iberian wild carnivores
Authors: Millán Javier , Checa Rocío , Oleaga Álvaro , Rodríguez Alejandro , Negre Nieves , Llaneza Luis , Velarde Roser , Miró Guadalupe
Published: December 2024

Piroplasmids are vector-borne hemoprotozoan parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa that are of veterinary and medical importance. Wild carnivores are hosts for diverse piroplasmids, some of which are highly pathogenic for domestic dogs and cats. A large-scale survey including samples from 244 individuals belonging to eleven different species that were opportunistically obtained between 1993 and 2015 in four Autonomous Regions in Spain were tested for piroplasmid DNA with two different nested-PCR assays targeting the 18S rRNA gene. Sixty of 85 Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), 11 of 42 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), and 1 of 10 stone martens (Martes foina) resulted positive. In contrast, 46 wolves (Canis lupus), 26 genets (Genetta genetta), 22 pine martens (Martes martes), and other less-represented species were negative. Sequencing revealed that all foxes and one badger were parasitized by Babesia vulpes, and the remaining badgers and the stone marten by Babesia sp. badger type A (BBTA). The prevalence of BBTA in Catalonian badgers was significantly lower in Alpine than in Continental and Mediterranean climates. This study confirms that badgers and ref foxes constitute the natural hosts of BBTA and B. vulpes, respectively, with occasional spillovers to other species.
Factors influencing Swedish citizens’ willingness to provide their mobile phones to forensic examination
Authors: Ingemarsson Jonas , Birath Marcus , Kävrestad Joakim
Published: December 2024

The willingness of victims to report crimes is declining, which leads to an increase in the dark figure of crime and undermines effective crime control. One possible reason is that victims are reluctant to report crimes if they are required to submit their digital devices for forensic examination. Today, a mobile phone holds vast amounts of information that may be valuable for police forensics experts, showing that victims’ phones could be critical in crime investigations. This interview study has investigated the factors that influence Swedish citizens’ willingness to report crimes when reporting involves surrendering their own mobile phones for forensic analysis. The study also uncovered factors that increase their willingness to report crimes under the same circumstances. The gathered data was subjected to a qualitative analysis with thematic coding, resulting in four distinct themes with 12 categories distributed among them. The analysis reveals that the primary factors affecting Swedish citizens’ willingness to report crimes are privacy concerns, with participants feeling uneasy about others accessing their private data, and anxiety over being separated from their mobile phones. Furthermore, the study yields that the most significant factors for increasing the willingness to report crimes are enhanced information and transparency from the police. Participants suggested that better understanding of the process, and increased openness would increase their willingness to report.
Love Components in Free-Choice and Arranged Marriages Among Five Non-Western Populations From Africa, Amazonia, and Himalayas
Authors: Sorokowski Piotr , Groyecka-Bernard Agata , Kowal Marta , Butovskaya Marina , Stefanczyk Michal Mikolaj , Huanca Tomas , Kumar Amit , Manral Upma , Odo Oneyekachi M. , Onyishi Ike E. , Jędryczka Wiktoria
Published: December 2024

Two main ways to enter a marriage are through free choice and through an arrangement between families, known as an arranged marriage. In this study, we compared differences in three dimensions of love (Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment) between spouses in love-based marriages and arranged marriages among five non-Western societies: Bhotiya from the Himalayas, Igbo from Nigeria, Kimeru from Kenya, Meru from Tanzania, and Tsimane’ from Bolivia. When considering all data gathered from the five cultures, free choice and arranged marriages did not differ significantly in average love scores. However, within cultures, some differences did emerge between free choice and arranged marriages, such as spouses from free choice marriages from Bhotiya and Tsimane’ culture showing higher levels of Intimacy than those from arranged marriages. However, in the Bhotiya, this difference was only evident in marriages lasting longer than 10 years. Moreover, spouses from free choice marriages from Bhotiya reported higher levels of passion, while spouses from free choice marriages from Tsimane’ reported higher levels of commitment than individuals from arranged marriages. Conversely, wives from arranged marriages from Meru culture from Tanzania reported higher levels of Intimacy and Passion as compared to wives from free choice marriages. In Kimeru and Igbo, no significant differences were found. These results contribute to the growing body of literature on the relationship between culture, love, and marriage. Our data also challenge the Western perception that arranged marriages lack love.
Crypto Volatility Forecasting: Mounting a HAR, Sentiment, and Machine Learning Horserace
Authors: Brauneis Alexander , Sahiner Mehmet
Published: December 2024

The relationship between investor sentiment and cryptocurrency market volatility remains an area of growing interest in empirical finance. In this study, we present an innovative forecasting approach by utilizing a unique dataset of AI-generated sentiment from a comprehensive database of crypto market news. In a horserace fashion, we first evaluate the Heterogeneous Autoregressive (HAR) model and then compare its forecasting performance to five advanced machine learning (ML) methods. ML performs reasonably well and improves the accuracy of the benchmark HAR model. Interestingly, including sentiment does not improve the forecasting accuracy of the HAR model. However, our findings highlight that investor sentiment seems to influence crypto market volatility in a nonlinear fashion that can (only) be captured by ML methods. In other words, LightGBM, XGBoost, and LSTM models show enhanced predictive accuracy when sentiment data is incorporated, improving no-sentiment forecasts in 54.17% of the cases studied. Overall, our results emphasize the significant potential of integrating machine learning and sentiment analysis as a promising avenue for improved forecasting, offering potential benefits for risk management strategies and provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners.
Prime Editor Gene Therapy and TREX1 Mosaicism in Retinal Vasculopathy with Cerebral Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Chauvin Samuel D. , Holley Joe A. , Poddar Subhajit , Miner Cathrine A. , Kumble Lindsay , Fu Jiayuan , Laue-Gizzi Hanka , Hardy Todd A. , Miner Jonathan J.
Published: December 2024

TREX1 mutations underlie a variety of human diseases, including retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy (RVCL or RVCL-S), a catastrophic adult-onset vasculopathy that is often confused with multiple sclerosis, systemic vasculitis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Patients with RVCL develop brain, retinal, liver, and kidney disease around age 35–55, leading to premature death in 100% of patients expressing an autosomal dominant C-terminally truncated form of TREX1. We previously demonstrated that RVCL is characterized by high levels of DNA damage, premature cellular senescence, and risk of early-onset breast cancer before age 45. Here, we report human TREX1 mosaicism causing organ-limited RVCL in the retina, as well as a gene therapy to synthetically create TREX1 mosaicism as a potential treatment for RVCL. In our patient with organ-limited disease, the mosaic TREX1 mutant allele underwent germline transmission to 3 children, who developed severe multi-organ disease at ~ age 40, unlike their mosaic parent, who has organ-limited disease at age 74. Additionally, we describe our TREX1 prime editor gene therapy that corrects the most common RVCL-causing TREX1 variant in cell culture and in mice. Thus, TREX1 mosaicism causes organ-limited RVCL with a normal lifespan, suggesting that a gene therapy to create TREX1 mosaicism in adults may someday become useful as a treatment for patients with RVCL.
Endocrine effects of MEK and BRAF inhibitor therapy in paediatric patients: a tertiary centre experience
Authors: Jalal Arif Hanafi Bin , Gunn Harriet , Gunasekara Buddhi , Gan Hoong-Wei
Published: December 2024

Purpose

BRAF and MEK inhibitors are used to treat a range of paediatric tumours including low-grade gliomas. The ubiquitous nature of the BRAF/MAPK/MEK pathway means such treatments are not without side effects such as renal tubulopathies and hyperglycaemia. This study aims to describe the endocrine dysfunction observed in a cohort of children treated with BRAF and MEK inhibitors at the largest paediatric centre in the UK utilising these treatments.

Methods

Electronic data for patients treated with dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor) from January 2019 to May 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Outcomes included diagnosis of glucose dysregulation, the presence of hyponatraemia (< 135 mmol/l) and sodium nadir during treatment.

Results

A total of 55 patients were included for analysis. Nine patients had at least one hyponatraemic episode during treatment of whom three had coexisting central diabetes insipidus. A statistically significant difference (p-value = 0.037) with regards to the plasma sodium nadir during treatment was observed between patients with diabetes insipidus (median = 134 (132–137) mmol/l) and patients without (median = 137 (127–141 mmol/l). Six patients were diagnosed with a form of glucose dysregulation (e.g. insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes), of whom four were diagnosed during treatment with dabrafenib, all with hypothalamo-pituitary lesions.

Conclusion

Clinicians using such treatments need to be aware of these potential effects, particularly the risk of hyponatraemia in patients with pre-existing central diabetes insipidus and monitor for these accordingly, including performing measurements of sodium and glucose prior to, during and after treatment.
Large multimodality model fine-tuned for detecting breast and esophageal carcinomas on CT: a preliminary study
Authors: Yasaka Koichiro , Kawamura Motohide , Sonoda Yuki , Kubo Takatoshi , Kiryu Shigeru , Abe Osamu
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to develop a large multimodality model (LMM) that can detect breast and esophageal carcinomas on chest contrast-enhanced CT.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective study, CT images of 401 (age, 62.9 ± 12.9 years; 169 males), 51 (age, 65.5 ± 11.6 years; 23 males), and 120 (age, 64.6 ± 14.2 years; 60 males) patients were used in the training, validation, and test phases. The numbers of CT images with breast carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, and no lesion were 927, 2180, and 2087; 80, 233, and 270; and 184, 246, and 6919 for the training, validation, and test datasets, respectively. The LMM was fine-tuned using CT images as input and text data (“suspicious of breast carcinoma”/ “suspicious of esophageal carcinoma”/ “no lesion”) as reference data on a desktop computer equipped with a single graphic processing unit. Because of the random nature of the training process, supervised learning was performed 10 times. The performance of the best performing model on the validation dataset was further tested using the time-independent test dataset. The detection performance was evaluated by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

The sensitivities of the fine-tuned LMM for detecting breast and esophageal carcinomas in the test dataset were 0.929 and 0.951, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the fine-tuned LMM for detecting breast and esophageal carcinomas was high, with AUCs of 0.890 (95%CI 0.871–0.909) and 0.880 (95%CI 0.865–0.894), respectively.

Conclusions

The fine-tuned LMM could detect both breast and esophageal carcinomas on chest contrast-enhanced CT with high diagnostic performance.

Secondary abstract

Usefulness of large multimodality models in chest cancer imaging has not been assessed so far. The fine-tuned large multimodality model could detect breast and esophageal carcinomas with high diagnostic performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.890 and 0.880, respectively).
Gait Velocity Alterations in Essential Tremor: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Harrison Kenneth , Peoples Brandon M. , Santamaria Guzman Keven G. , Hunter Emily J. , Walker Harrison C. , Roper Jaimie A.
Published: December 2024

Essential tremor (ET) is a prevalent movement disorder that impairs gait function, including gait speed - a critical marker of mobility disability and adverse outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify differences in gait speed between individuals diagnosed with ET compared to people without a movement disorder diagnosis. Electronic databases were searched for studies comparing gait speed in ET patients and controls. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences (Hedges’ g) and pooled using a random-effects model. Eight studies (390 ET, 227 controls) were included. ET patients exhibited significantly slower gait speeds than controls. The effect size (Hedges’ g = -1.06, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.65, p < .001) indicates a large, clinically significant difference. Substantial study heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 76.9%). These findings suggest that gait speed deficits are a significant feature of ET, potentially reflecting cerebellar dysfunction. This highlights the need for gait assessment and targeted interventions in ET management to reduce fall risk and improve quality of life. Understanding the moderating factors such as medication type and state, disorder severity, and age could provide significant benefits in the treatment and management of ET.
Praxistauglichkeit als Dogma
Authors: Graf Joshua
Published: December 2024

Hochschulen rühmen sich mit praxisnaher Ausbildung. Auch manche Studierende insistieren darauf, dass Seminar habe ihnen in ihrer Praxis zu helfen. Der aktuelle Fokus auf Praxistauglichkeit beinhaltet eine gänzlich unkritische und unwissenschaftliche Affirmation des Gegenstands Sozialer Arbeit durch die Hintertür. Stattdessen sollte die Herausbildung einer gesellschaftskritischen reflexiven Professionalität Ziel des Studiums sein.
HySOR: A Simulation Model for the Sharing of Risk in a Service Level Agreement-Aware Hybrid Cloud
Authors: Seifert Michael , Kuehnel Stephan
Published: December 2024

More and more organizations are considering public cloud services for their business. Functional improvements, innovative features, and strategic factors are further driving demand. The adoption of public cloud services typically involves the integration into existing IT architectures and an established service structure that is ideally aligned with the non-functional requirements of the business processes to be supported. Hybrid cloud providers must be able to accommodate a variety of different public cloud providers while ensuring continuity of service or appropriate compensation prior to implementation. Existing literature focuses on the calculation and simulation of service availability, but less on service credit or business process outage costs of service compositions. In consequence, this paper presents a calculation and simulation model for the concept of "sharing of risk" in Service Level Agreement (SLA)-aware hybrid clouds (HySOR), focusing on the risk-sensitive simulation of the financial impact on hybrid cloud providers and customers. The model was implemented as an R-based application and evaluated with 12 leading experts in the field, yielding interesting implications for theory and practice.
Units in blocks of defect 1 and the Zassenhaus conjecture
Authors: Eisele Florian , Margolis Leo
Published: December 2024

Building on previous work by Caicedo and the second author, we develop a method that decides the existence of units of finite order in blocks of $$\mathbb {Z}_p G$$

Z
p

G

of defect 1. This allows us to prove that if p is a prime and G is a finite group whose Sylow p-subgroup has order p, then any unit u of $$\mathbb {Z}G$$

Z
G

of order p is conjugate to an element of $$\pm G$$

±
G

within $$\mathbb {Q}G$$

Q
G

. This is a special case of the Zassenhaus conjecture. We also prove some new results on units of finite order in $$\mathbb {Z}{{\text {PSL}}}(2,q)$$

Z
PSL
(
2
,
q
)

for certain q, and construct a unit of order 15 in $$V(\mathbb {Z}_{(3,5)}{{\text {PSL}}}(2,16))$$

V
(

Z

(
3
,
5
)

PSL

(
2
,
16
)

)

which is a 3- and 5-local counterexample to the Zassenhaus conjecture, raising the hope that our methods may lead to a global counterexample among simple groups.
Determinants of access to animal health care in France: evidence from a spatial econometric framework
Authors: Berrada Mehdi , Raboisson Didier , Lhermie Guillaume
Published: December 2024

Over the last two decades, concerns have arisen in the veterinary profession about the declining number of food animal veterinarians. Based on a One Health perspective which recognizes that the health of people, animals, and their environment are interconnected, the French policymakers implemented a set of policies to combat the veterinarian shortage in the food animal sector that may cause public health crises. However, public interventions are unlikely to succeed in combating the veterinarian shortage unless they are preceded by a relevant understanding of the main determinants underlying this shortage. This paper contributes to identifying the main factors of the veterinarian shortage in 2019 in the French cattle sector using databases that integrate French veterinary clinics, farm characteristics and socio-economics features, and a spatial econometrics framework. Our results highlighted, first, strong and positive spatial autocorrelation in terms of veterinarian shortage between observations. Second, favorable socio-economic characteristics of a region were associated with a reduction in veterinarian shortage. Third, proximity to urban regions was associated with a decreased veterinarian shortage. Based on these findings, we provided some recommendations to policymakers.
Diskriminierung von Muslim:innen als Faktor in Prozessen der Radikalisierung – Perspektiven aus dem Handlungsfeld der Islamismusprävention
Authors: von Lautz Yannick , Bösing Eike , Kart Mehmet , Stein Margit
Published: December 2024

Der Beitrag untersucht Diskriminierung von Muslim:innen und muslimisch gelesenen Menschen als Faktor in Prozessen der Radikalisierung. Als Datenbasis dienen 25 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Praktiker:innen der Deradikalisierungsarbeit im Handlungsfeld der Islamismusprävention. Angelehnt an das Konzept des antimuslimischen Rassismus werden in einem qualitativ-inhaltsanalytischen Verfahren Diskriminierungen auf individueller, institutioneller und strukturell-gesellschaftlicher Ebene festgestellt. Resultierende Belastungen und Frustrationen, die das Zugehörigkeitsempfinden und Selbstbild der Betroffenen in der Gesellschaft beeinflussen, werden von den Befragten als Faktoren geschildert, die die Vulnerabilität für islamistische Ansprachen erhöhen können. Islamistische Gruppen und Ideologien greifen dabei das Thema Diskriminierung gezielt auf und verweisen auf reale Missstände, auf die sie extremistische Antworten anbieten.
Judentum im Religionsunterricht in der Grundschule: zwischen Nicht-Thematisierung, Stereotypisierung und Antisemitismusprävention
Authors: Braband Janne , Körs Anna
Published: December 2024

Der Beitrag untersucht, wie Vorstellungen von religiöser Differenz und insbesondere des Judentums im didaktisch angeleiteten Rahmen des Religionsunterrichts an staatlichen Schulen konstruiert und verhandelt werden. Dazu werden drei unterschiedliche Fälle der Behandlung des Judentums im Religionsunterricht in der Grundschule vorgestellt, die einerseits eine erhebliche Varianz und Bandbreite in der Unterrichtspraxis zum Thema Judentum aufzeigen und andererseits auf die Gefahr der Reproduktion von antisemitischen Stereotypen und einseitigen Geschichtsbildern verweisen. Diese Ergebnisse an der Schnittstelle von Antisemitismus- und Bildungsforschung machen damit gleichsam die Notwendigkeit deutlich, die Behandlung des Judentums im Religionsunterricht auf die Grundlage einer antisemitismuskritischen Bildung zu stellen. Während die vorliegende Studie die Unterrichtspraxis fokussiert und exemplarisch zeigt, dass Judentum, jüdisches Leben und Antisemitismus im Religionsunterricht in der Grundschule sehr unterschiedlich thematisiert werden und die Lehrkraft hierbei eine zentrale Rolle spielt, bleibt u. a. die Frage des institutionellen Settings ein wichtiges Desiderat, um das Potenzial des Religionsunterrichts für antisemitismuskritische Bildung ermessen und auch strukturell entwickeln zu können.
Legal and administrative frameworks as foundations for AI alignment with human volition
Authors: Josifović Saša
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the need for regulatory frameworks in future AI development, questioning the common belief that AI, particularly Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), should be morally aligned with human welfare. It advocates for a legal-centric approach over a moral one, suggesting that in the event of AGI emergence, AI systems should be capable of self-regulation, informed by human law and jurisprudence. This aligns with Eliezer Yudkowsky's Coherent Extrapolated Volition (CEV), focusing on legal frameworks as historically grown manifestations of coherent human volition. This paper aims to contribute to the development of a comprehensive AI regulatory framework, integrating ethical and legal aspects and using historical legal records as a foundation for AI training, ensuring alignment with human values and societal norms.
Complex minimally invasive surgery in general surgery training: keeping up with the times
Authors: You Susan Solip , Kell Michael , Oresanya Lawrence , Kuo Lindsay E. , Dauer Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) currently requires graduating chief residents to have participated in 75 complex laparoscopic cases. However, they do not define subcategories. We aim to compare trends in the use of minimally invasive approaches for common general surgery procedures nationally and in training to determine if subcategories in training are necessary to mirror national practice patterns.

Methods

We analyzed ACGME national case log data from 2015 to 2021 to determine trends in the proportion of common procedures being performed with a minimally invasive approach during general surgery training. Minimally invasive procedures were included if the average number of cases completed during training was ten or greater. We then compared these trends to national trends using the NSQIP and MBSAQIP databases as representative samples of the national practice to determine if the trends were different between the two groups.

Results

Five procedures were identified for analysis. We found statistically significant differences in the trends for hernia repair (ANCOVA: F = 122.1, df = 1, p < 0.001) and enterectomy (ANCOVA: F = 37.0, df = 1, p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference for antireflux (ANCOVA: F = 0.4, df = 1, p = 0.53), colectomy/proctectomy (ANCOVA: F = 4.5, df = 1, p = 0.06), and partial gastrectomy procedures (ANCOVA: F = 0.3, df = 1, p = 0.60).

Conclusion

The proportion of cases performed with a minimally invasive approach continues to rise every year. Consideration should be given to adapting general surgery training requirements to match this growing practice, particularly for procedures that do not appear to be keeping pace with national trends.
Religious Trauma
Authors: Panchuk Michelle
Published: December 2024

When religion is the site of abuse and trauma, it can deeply impact a person's ability to relate to God and engage in spiritual practice. As such, religious trauma is ripe for philosophical exploration. Section 1 of this Element provides a brief history of the concept of psychological trauma, contemporary accounts of its neurobiological basis, and its impact on human agency. Section 2 sketches a model of religious trauma through the first-person narratives of survivors and emerging psychological data. Section 3 explores the social epistemology of religious trauma, focusing on how failures of knowledge create space for religious abuse and the insights of survivors may help communities guard against it. The last two sections consider three perennial topics in philosophy of religion from the perspective of religious trauma: the problem of evil, the problem of divine hiddenness, and religious experience.
Atlantic Cataclysm
Authors: Eltis David
Published: December 2024

In this comprehensive work, David Eltis offers a two-thousand-year perspective on the trafficking of people, and boldly intervenes in the expansive discussions about slavery in the last half-century. Using new and underexplored data made available by slavevoyages.org, Eltis offers compelling explanations of why the slave trades began and why they ended, and in the process debunks long-held assumptions, including how bilateral rather than triangular voyages were the norm, and how the Portuguese rather than the British were the leading slave traders. Eltis argues that two-thirds of all enslaved people ended up in the Iberian Americas, where exports were most valuable throughout the slave trade era, and not in the Caribbean or the US. Tracing the mass involvement of people in the slave trade business from all parts of the Atlantic World, Eltis also examines the agency of Africans and their experiences in the aftermath of liberation.
Are Markets Amenable to Consequentialist Evaluation?
Authors: Semrau Luke
Published: December 2024

There is an ongoing debate over the moral limits of the market. Many participants endorse the plausible idea that a market’s moral status depends, at least in part, on its consequences. For example, Satz holds that markets whose operation undermines citizens’ ability to interact as equals are bad. And Brennan and Jaworski maintain that markets trading in any good or service permissibly possessed may be arranged to operate without bad consequences. This plausible normative claim about markets depends on a descriptive one. Namely, that individual markets have descriptive properties which would provide a suitable basis for their consequentialist evaluation. This descriptive claim, I argue, is false. Markets’ consequences are a joint production. There is no principled means by which the consequences of one may be distinguished from those of another. Thus, the plausible idea is false. A market’s moral status cannot depend on its consequences.
Who Speaks for the Corporation? A Hobbesian Theory of Managerial Authority and Shareholder Responsibility
Authors: Mansell Samuel
Published: December 2024

From where does management acquire its authority to act in the name of the corporation? The orthodoxy that shareholders alone authorise management is frequently criticised for treating the corporation as the property of shareholders, rather than as a distinct legal person in its own right (Ciepley, 2013; Deakin, 2012; Robé, 2011; Stout, 2012). However, Hobbes’s theory of incorporation in Leviathan shows this influential critique of shareholder primacy to rest on a non sequitur. It does not follow from the (correct) observation that the corporation is a legal person to the conclusion that its interests are distinct from those of shareholders. Just as individuals become citizens of a state when they authorise a sovereign, shareholders are incorporated when they authorise a representative assembly to act in their interests. Shareholders thereby form a single corporate person and are ultimately responsible for whatever is done in their corporate name.
Mapping the properties of wake-induced vibration on a circular cylinder
Authors: Lin Ke , Sun Yuankun , Liu Hongyuan , Zhu Yunpeng , Wang Jiasong , Triantafyllou Michael S. , Fan Dixia
Published: December 2024

This study conducts experimental investigations into wake-induced vibration (WIV) of a circular cylinder placed downstream of an oscillating cylinder. Surprisingly, it is observed that the previously identified WIV phenomenon, characterized by a sustained increase in amplitude at higher reduced velocities, does not occur when the upstream cylinder oscillates at large amplitudes. Instead, a different phenomenon, which we refer to as the ‘wake-captured vibration’, becomes dominant. The experiments reveal a negative correlation between the vortex-induced vibration amplitude response of the upstream cylinder and the WIV amplitude response of the downstream cylinder. Through a quasi-steady and linear instability analysis, the study demonstrates that the previously proposed wake-displacement mechanism may not be applicable for predicting the cylinder WIV response in the wake of an oscillating body. This is because the lift force gradients across the wake, measured through stationary cylinder experiments, decrease significantly when the upstream cylinder vibrates at higher amplitudes. Consequently, actively controlled vibration experiments are conducted to systematically map the hydrodynamic properties of the downstream cylinder vibrating in the wake of an oscillating cylinder. The findings align with observations from free-vibration experiments, and help to explain the amplitude and frequency response of WIV. Additionally, wake visualization through particle image velocimetry is conducted to provide further insights into the complex wake and vortex–body interactions.
THE UNIQUENESS OF ELEMENTARY EMBEDDINGS
Authors: GOLDBERG GABRIEL
Published: December 2024

Much of the theory of large cardinals beyond a measurable cardinal concerns the structure of elementary embeddings of the universe of sets into inner models. This paper seeks to answer the question of whether the inner model uniquely determines the elementary embedding.
Defending the Revolution through Labor Organization and Spontaneity in the Committees for the Defense of the Revolution in Cuba, 1961–1965
Authors: Medel Juan Carlos
Published: December 2024

The Committees for the Defense of the Revolution (CDR) were one of the most important mass organizations in revolutionary Cuba. During the 1960s, the CDR developed a slew of actions among the Cuban masses, organizing cultural, political, and economic activities that shaped the revolutionary process from below. Through their work, the CDR gave meaning to their own idea of Cuban socialism. In the context of revolutionary upheaval, they were born as mass organizations to organize political surveillance against counterrevolutionary enemies. But the CDR also deployed productive power that sought to improve the lives of fellow Cubans. Organizing workers to solve local problems helped to reimagine the purpose of labor as a resource for public utility. For moments, the CDR even became the state. This article highlights the crucial role of the CDR members in the revolutionary process and their impact on the everyday lives of Cuban people.
Long term multi-wavelength spectral variations of blazar S5 0716+714
Authors: Baheeja C. , Thekkoth Aminabi , Sahayanathan Sunder , Ravikumar C. D. , Bhatt Nilay
Published: December 2024

We present a comprehensive analysis of simultaneous, long-term observations of blazar S5 0716+714, covering optical/UV, X-ray, and

$\gamma$

-ray wavelengths. All available observations of the source by Swift-UVOT/XRT and Fermi-LAT till January 2023 were used, and the spectra were fitted using power-law/log-parabola functions. A detailed correlation study between the best-fit parameters were performed, and our results suggest that the spectral changes observed during high flux states could be associated with the spectral energy distribution shifting towards the blue end. The flux distribution predominantly shows a log-normal/double log-normal behaviour, whereas the index distribution indicates a Gaussian or double Gaussian nature. As a Gaussian variation in the index of a power-law spectrum will result in a log-normal variation in the flux, the observed log-normal variability in blazars may be associated with Gaussian variation in the spectral indices. The observed normal/log-normal variations in indices/fluxes can again be interpreted through bluer when brighter behaviour of the source. Furthermore, the broadband SED during two distinct flux states can be successfully fitted by considering synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton, and external Compton emission processes. The flux enhancement of the source is predominantly associated with an increase in the bulk Lorentz factor. Additionally, we find that the model curves corresponding to variations in the Lorentz factor have the potential to explain the observed correlations between the spectral parameters. Our study thereby concludes that the spectral variations of blazar S5 0716+714 are primarily associated with changes in the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet.
The big chill: Growth of in situ structural biology with cryo-electron tomography
Authors: Kudryashev Mikhail
Published: December 2024

In situ structural biology with cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) and subtomogram averaging (StA) is evolving as a major method to understand the structure, function, and interactions of biological molecules in cells in a single experiment. Since its inception, the method has matured with some stellar highlights and with further opportunities to broaden its applications. In this short review, I want to provide a personal perspective on the developments in cryo-ET as I have seen it for the last ~20 years and outline the major steps that led to its success. This perspective highlights cryo-ET with my eyes as a junior researcher and my view on the present and past developments in hardware and software for in situ structural biology with cryo-ET.
Stratigraphy and faunas of the Durness Group (Cambrian–Middle Ordovician) of Northwest Scotland: constraints on tectonic models and the development of the Great American Carbonate Bank
Authors: Smith M. Paul , Raine Robert J. , Repetski John E.
Published: December 2024

The Durness Group of NW Scotland records deposition on the Laurentian margin from the basal Miaolingian (Cambrian, 509 Ma) to the Dapingian–Darriwilian boundary interval (Middle Ordovician, 470.3–468.9 Ma). The 930 m thick succession of peritidal and subtidal carbonates was deposited on the Scottish promontory, a nearly 120° deflection in the Palaeozoic continental margin between the Appalachian and Greenland sectors. These sediments were deposited as part of the Great American Carbonate Bank, a non-uniformitarian, continent-scale carbonate platform developed on the peneplaned craton. Measurement and description of a bed-by-bed composite section through the Durness Group provide a high-resolution reference framework that integrates conodont biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy, including correlation with the Sauk megasequence and its subdivisions. The Sauk II–Sauk III sequence boundary marks the base of the group. The top of the group is faulted against rocks of the Moine thrust zone, generated by the Scandian orogeny, but sedimentation was probably terminated by the earlier Grampian arc–continent collision at 470–469 Ma. The highly mature quartz arenites of the underlying Ardvreck Group (Cambrian Series 2) indicate that there was no source-to-sink depositional continuity from the Hebridean foreland to the Dalradian Supergroup, which has coeval clastic sedimentary rocks of contrasting composition.
Remittance letters from Manila: The gendered, individual and emotional world of the Chinese diaspora
Authors: Shen Huifen
Published: December 2024

In the long history of Chinese emigration, men left home to work abroad, leaving family members behind. While overseas, they sent money to their relatives along with remittance letters (qiaopi). Many qiaopi were formulaic documents prepared by professional letter writers, but those sent by Huang Kaiwu to his wife between 1903 and 1916 provide information on changing family values and gender norms in the years leading up to the Chinese Revolution and Republic. Huang was a textile merchant in the Philippines, a leader of the Chinese community in Manila, and a revolutionary who actively supported the 1911 Revolution. His wife lived with members of his family in his home village. His letters reveal tensions between tradition and change both on his part and on hers. Written at a time of momentous socio-political change and under the influence of Chinese nationalism, they provide insights into how modernist thinking played out in one Chinese migrant family and enrich academic understanding of the Chinese diaspora especially in the early twentieth century.
Morphological variation of the endemic reef-building genus Mussismilia in the Bahia State (Tropical northeastern Brazilian coast)
Authors: Silva A. H. , Nogueira M. M. , Johnsson R. , Neves E. G.
Published: December 2024

Verrill's modern Mussismilia (the ‘brain corals’) were described in the 19th century, being hitherto considered endemic reef-building species to Brazil. Contrasting with the original diagnoses, highly variable morphological patterns have been observed among the congeners. Interspecific overlapping of major taxonomical characters has resulted in quite inconclusive use of the skeleton macromorphology for the genus. Intending to corroborate the Mussismilia taxonomy, a comparative morphological approach was developed, combining skeleton macro- and micromorphology. A total of 132 colonies was collected between 13°S and 17°S latitude (Mussismilia hispida = 53, Mussismilia harttii = 41, and Mussismilia braziliensis = 38). Qualitative (n = 9) and quantitative characters (n = 7) were selected (the latter was analysed with Kruskal–Wallis and a principal component analysis). A non-parametric test was adopted due to heteroscedasticity and the irregular sampling among populations. As a result, the corallite diameter and number of septa were significantly distinct among the species (α = 0.05). Micromorphology also differs interspecifically, being distribution and size of septal spines diagnostic for the congeners. Intraspecific variation and morphs are approached, ensuring the relevance of the skeleton for the interspecific delimitation and the species identities. Finally, field identification and/or methods based on image analyses from video transects should be adopted with caution. These practices may provide unreliable data, once the information is restricted to the view of the colony top, resulting in biased identification – majorly if the morphotypes of M. harttii and M. hispida share closely spaced corallites.
Incisocalliope aestuarius (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Pleustidae), an old introduced species in the Gironde Estuary (SW France)
Authors: Gouillieux Benoit , Sorbe Jean-Claude , Bachelet Guy , Daffe Guillemine
Published: December 2024

The amphipod Incisocalliope aestuarius was recently collected since 2015 in the mesohaline part of the Gironde Estuary (SW France) with a van Veen grab and in the lower intertidal part in oyster bed by hand-picking. A look back at past studies showed that this species was present in this estuary since 1976, whereas the original description of this amphipod comes from Watling and Maurer in 1973, from the East coast of America. The validity of the Incisocalliope genus is herein questioned, and it is proposed to transfer species of the genus Inciscalliope to Parapleustes genus.
A new species of Paramphiascella (Harpacticoida: Miraciidae) from a brackish-water estuary in north-western Mexico, supported with molecular phylogenetic analyses
Authors: Gómez Samuel , Yáñez-Rivera Beatriz , Llera-Herrera Raúl
Published: December 2024

A new diosaccin species, Paramphiascella aestuarii n. sp., was found in sediment samples from a shallow estuary in north-western Mexico. The morphological distinction between the new species and its congeners is discussed. The new species is morphologically close to P. calcarifer (Sewell, 1940) from the Maldivian Archipelago. However, P. calcarifer differs from the new species in the proximal and subdistal outer spiniform processes on the female second antennulary segment. Bayesian inference based upon molecular characterization (nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes) places the new species within a large group of Diosaccinae Sars G.O., 1906, for which molecular sequences are available, composed of Typhlamphiascus typhlops (Sars G.O., 1906), Rhyncholagena cuspis Yeom and Lee, 2023, Robertgurneya jejuensis Yeom and Lee, 2022, and Amphiascoides Nicholls, 1941. The close relationship with Amphiascoides as its sister genus, only morphologically distinct in the structure of the second endopodal segment of the male second swimming leg, is also confirmed.
A material point-based simulation method for soft robots with free boundary interactions
Authors: He Siwei , Shen Jie , Zhang Beijia , Ahmad Faizan , Deng Hao , Li Xiaohui , Xiong Jing , Xia Zeyang
Published: December 2024

Soft robots show an advantage when conducting tasks in complex environments due to their enormous flexibility and adaptability. However, soft robots suffer interactions and nonlinear deformation when interacting with soft and fluid materials. The reason behind is the free boundary interactions, which refers to undetermined contact between soft materials, specifically containing nonlinear deformation in air and nonlinear interactions in fluid for soft robot simulation. Therefore, we propose a new approach using material point method (MPM), which can solve the free boundary interactions problem, to simulate soft robots under such environments. The proposed approach can autonomously predict the flexible and versatile behaviors of soft robots. Our approach entails incorporating automatic differentiation into the algorithm of MPM to simplify the computation and implement an efficient implicit time integration algorithm. We perform two groups of experiments with an ordinary pneumatic soft finger in different free boundary interactions. The results indicate that it is possible to simulate soft robots with nonlinear interactions and deformation, and such environmental effects on soft robots can be restored.
Not Only Territorial Waters But Also Free Sea: Contested Coastal Jurisdiction in the Ravenna–Chishima Case (1892–1895)
Authors: Shen Jiaying
Published: December 2024

The 1892 collision between the British merchant ship Ravenna and the Japanese torpedo boat Chishima generated a three-year legal debate over jurisdiction in territorial waters. Challenging the conventional notion that the coastal State enjoyed full sovereignty over its maritime territory, this article argues that contested jurisdiction in territorial waters was ubiquitous at the turn of the twentieth century. In addition to imperialism, which played a pivotal role in transforming the coastal waters of semi-colonial countries into overlapping legal zones, political speculations and the absence of a uniform legal standard also put the coastal State's assertion of maritime sovereignty into question. On the one hand, semi-colonial states, such as the Meiji government, sometimes strategically avoided asserting maritime sovereignty when they deemed it appropriate for national interests. On the other hand, there was also a wide cleavage of opinions among Western powers regarding coastal jurisdiction. Scrutinizing the entangled currents of imperialism, political speculations and maritime laws in the Chishima case, this article contributes to the burgeoning scholarship on the polycentric oceanic world by displaying the rarely discussed contested jurisdiction in territorial waters before World War II.
A cognitive network analysis of semantic associates in monolingual English speakers and learners of Kaqchikel
Authors: Martinez Alysia E. , Vitevitch Michael S.
Published: December 2024

Network science was used to create and examine semantic networks of cue and response words from a word association task in learners of Kaqchikel (an endangered language indigenous to Guatemala) and monolingual English speakers. English speakers provided a wide range of responses indicative of creative language use, whereas the Kaqchikel learners provided straightforward and utilitarian responses. The observed differences in network structure in the English/Kaqchikel learners resembled the structural differences previously observed in more/less creative individuals, suggesting an alternative account of the “foreign language effect” based on the size and structure of the semantic network in the native/foreign language.
Nonparticipation in democratic assemblies: factors, reasons, and suggestions
Authors: Kübler Daniel , Rochat Philippe E.
Published: December 2024

How should a democratic assembly be designed to attract large and diverse groups of citizens? We addressed this question by conducting a population survey in three communities with institutionalized participatory deliberative democracy in Switzerland. To examine participatory disposition in light of both individual characteristics and design features of the assembly that citizens contemplate joining, the survey comprised a conjoint experiment in which each respondent was asked to indicate his or her likelihood of participating in democratic assemblies with varying design features. The main result is that design features emphasizing the communitarian character of the assembly increase citizens’ willingness to participate, especially among disengaged citizens. Moreover, citizens were found to be less attracted by both very consensual and very adversarial meeting styles. Rather, we found meeting styles combining both controversy and consensus to be most favorable to assembly turnout. The implication is that practitioners of participatory or deliberative democracy must engage in community-building to foster turnout and inclusiveness in democratic assemblies.