bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Unemployment on Health in Russia: a Systematic Literature Review (2015‑2023)
Authors: Kaneva M. A. , Karunina A. M.
Published: October 2024

The influence of unemployment on health is widely discussed in the economic literature. However, the question about the negative direct effect or the deterioration of health of the unemployed population remains open in the context of the existence of a reverse effect — the influence of health on employment. This study aims to assess the statistical associations between unemployment and health status, as well as to identify direct and reverse effects in this relationship in the Russian studies. The authors use a systematic literature review as the main research method. The search is conducted in Elibrary, Cyberleninka and Google Scholar databases to find published works on the research topic in 2015-2023 for men and women of working age. The full-text search identified fifteen publications that were included in the systematic review. The selected papers used self-rated health, mental health, cardiovascular health, and general well-being as health indicators. All studies confirmed the presence of statistically significant negative associations between the “unemployed” status and health. At the same time, employed respondents of both sexes reported good health one and a half times more often than unemployed individuals. Nine studies presented econometric models linking the labor market status variables to health. Of these, only one paper estimated direct and reverse effects for a mental health variable. There was no direct effect estimate for the self-rated health. This gap in the literature will be addressed by the authors in their next article using the matching method. If the assessment of the direct effect is negative, the authors plan to develop a series of policy recommendations to improve the health of unemployed and economically inactive individuals at the regional and federal levels. Due to the innovative approach, this study is of a great value to the research in health economics.
Examining of Marketing Research: Methodology, Criteria, Tool
Authors: Rubtsova N. V.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study was to develop a methodology and appropriate tools for conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. When carrying out the research, methods of traditional analysis of scientific literature and existing expert practice of the results of intellectual activity, comparison, generalization, description, formalization were used. The object of the study was reports on marketing research, the subject was the quality of their preparation. Based on a generalization of the definitions of the concept of “marketing research” and an analysis of the requirements for marketing information, the author formulated a definition of the concept of “quality of marketing research”. The article defines a list of evaluation criteria for conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. In accordance with each of the criteria, a set of questions has been formed, the answers to which must be given by specialists when conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. An algorithm for conducting an examination is presented, methods are defined and tools for its implementation are developed. The author also demonstrated the practical use of the tools he developed for conducting an examination of the quality of marketing research. In conclusion, the article formulates conclusions about the need for further study of the problem of examination of the results of intellectual activity, including marketing research, improvement of methodological tools, and the formation of a unified approach to resolving certain problems within the framework of expert practice of assessing the quality of preparation of marketing research. The results of the study may be useful to specialists acting as experts on the results of intellectual activity, including marketing research, government and non-government expert organizations, and forensic experts.
Transformational Changes in the Creative Sector under the Influence of Generative AI Technologies
Authors: Obukhova E. A.
Published: October 2024

Each time period of economic development is characterized by one or another key, central technology that links the technological structure together. In the 19th century, this technology became the use of steam engines, from the beginning of the 20th century – electricity and internal combustion engines, in the 90s – computerization and the emergence of network technologies, then – cellular communications and mobile broadband Internet, then – the emergence of social networks and social media. Now, according to the consensus opinion of industry experts, the function of such technology is performed by generative artificial intelligence, which emerged just a few years ago, but has already significantly changed many sectors of the economy. The article discusses the main aspects associated with the emergence of breakthrough technologies of generative artificial intelligence. The key factors that influenced the emergence of technological capabilities were studied, such as the growth of the computing capabilities of processors, a consistent increase in funding for innovative projects, and an increase in publication activity in this direction. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the value chain of generative artificial intelligence technologies. It is shown that hardware requirements are becoming higher, a previously non-existent stage of creating basic models appears, as well as a layer of companies adapting basic models to the tasks of business practice by learning from industry data. We have also shown that generative artificial intelligence technologies will have the greatest impact on the creative sector of the economy, since they allow us to significantly speed up and optimize processes at all stages of creating the value of a product, reducing the need for manual labor, but not replacing it completely.
Alternative Early Childhood Moral Development: Parenting through the Local Wisdom of Lampung People
Authors: Ferdian Utama  , Leli Fertiliana Dea
Published: October 2024

This research aims to explore the role of local wisdom in early childhood moral development through an ethnoparenting approach. Using a case study design and qualitative approach, the research involved in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation to collect data from parents and community leaders. The results showed that Lampung cultural values, such as Piil Pesenggikhi which includes concepts such as Nemui Nyimah, Juluk Adok, Nengah Nyappur, and Sakai Sambayan, serve as a strong foundation in the formation of children's character and morals. Parents play an important role in instilling these values through modeling and habituation in daily life. This research makes a significant contribution to character education in Indonesia by emphasizing the relevance of local wisdom in the context of modern education, while opening up opportunities for further research on the impact of culture on moral development in other communities.
Perfil epidemiológico da toxoplasmose gestacional no Brasil de 2019 a 2023
Authors: Jesus Eduarda Batista de , Dias Ariadne Araújo Savioti , Souza Ariane Vitória de , Souza Mércia Silva , Marinho Rebeca Rayane de Sousa , Lima Williane Vitória Santos de , Antunes Fernanda Silva , Celestino Edilene dos Santos , Rodrigues Francielly de Sousa , Santos Gabriela Romão de Almeida Carvalho
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Compreender o perfil epidemiológico da toxoplasmose gestacional no Brasil no período de 2019 a 2023. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, retrospectivo, com análise quantitativa, utilizando como fonte de dados o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). A coleta de dados ocorreu em janeiro de 2024 através da análise das informações sobre os casos de toxoplasmose gestacional que foram notificados no SINAN, que ocorreram em todas as regiões do Brasil. Resultados: Foram identificados 47.924 casos de toxoplasmose gestacional notificados no Brasil. O ano de 2022 apresentou o maior número de notificações, com destaque para as regiões sudeste e nordeste. Em relação à escolaridade, observou-se que a maior parte das gestantes teve essa variável ignorada ou deixada em branco, seguida pelo ensino médio completo. No que se refere à raça notou-se uma prevalência entre pardas e brancas. Em relação a idade materna, a faixa etária mais predominante foi de 20 a 39 anos. Conclusão: Através da construção do presente trabalho, identificou-se valiosa contribuição para compreensão da toxoplasmose gestacional e a magnitude do problema, assim como os fatores contributivos para o diagnóstico tardio e assim favorecer a construção do conhecimento acerca de um tema tão relevante.
Extended and expanded role of nurses in antimicrobial stewardship program: A review
Authors: Patidar Anurag Bhai , Agnibhoj Prabha , Khadanga Sagar
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a significant healthcare concern in this century, marked by the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. An antimicrobial stewardship program, while an innovative approach to mitigating the global threat of antimicrobial resistance and its effects on public health, is also an absolute need of the hour. When implemented effectively, such a program, in conjunction with selecting the appropriate drug, determining the correct dosage and route of administration, and integrating with an infection control program, has proven to be an effective method for curbing the rapid emergence and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Partnerships with nurses to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programs in healthcare have recently gained recognition, especially in the backdrop of increased antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. Traditionally, stewardship activities have involved only prescribers and pharmacists, but including nurses in these efforts has become increasingly important. Highlights of nurse-driven antimicrobial stewardship activities include effective assessment of allergies, meticulous sampling for blood and urine cultures, antibiotic de-escalation, and 24-hour monitoring of patient status. Antibiotic or general ward rounds provide unique opportunities for nurses to influence the indication and duration of antimicrobial treatment. Including nurses in antimicrobial stewardship programs will make the management of antimicrobial therapy robust and empower healthcare institutions to approach the prevention of AMR with truly multi-disciplinary strategies. Antimicrobial stewardship is often redundant and centered around doctors in tertiary care centers. However, active participation by nurses in both healthcare facilities and community settings is crucial for making Antimicrobial stewardship practice (AMSP) a reality. Scalable nursing involvement in antimicrobial stewardship is essential for developing and developed nations to combat AMR effectively.
Association of IL 6 rs1800795 genetic variation with the susceptibility and severity of COVID-19: A meta-analysis
Authors: Ivanova E.S. , Eid M.A. , Shkurat T.P.
Published: October 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious infectious disease, which caused a global pandemic. The differences of symptoms among COVID-19 patients made it important to search for the factors that may play a significant role in its pathogenesis. The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of interleukin 6 (IL-6) genetic variation rs1800795 with both susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, by performing a meta-analysis of the available data in the literature. Several databases were searched using specific keywords, and a total of 12 full-text articles were included in the analysis. No association was found with the COVID-19 susceptibility. However, a significant association was found between the studied polymorphism and the COVID-19 severity in the recessive model of inheritance (OR =2.11, 95% CI [1.12, 3.98], p=0.02). To our knowledge, this meta-analysis is the first to study the association of IL6 rs1800795 with both susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, and its results reflect the current published data, and may serve as a guide for further research.

Коронавирусная инфекция 2019 года (COVID-19) является высококонтагиозным инфекционным заболеванием, вызвавшим глобальную пандемию. Различия в симптомах у пациентов с COVID-19 сделали важным поиск факторов, которые могут играть значительную роль в ее патогенезе. Целью настоящего исследования было изучение связи генетической вариации интерлейкина 6 (IL-6) rs1800795 как с восприимчивостью, так и с тяжестью заболевания COVID-19 путем проведения метаанализа имеющихся в литературе данных. Был проведен поиск по нескольким базам данных с использованием определенных ключевых слов, и в общей сложности в анализ были включены 12 полнотекстовых статей. Не было обнаружено никакой связи rs1800795 в гене IL 6 с восприимчивостью к COVID-19. Однако была обнаружена значимая связь между изучаемым полиморфизмом и тяжестью COVID-19 при рецессивной модели наследования (OR =2,11, 95% CI [1,12; 3,98], р=0,02). Насколько нам известно, этот мета-анализ является первым, в котором изучается связь IL6 rs1800795 как с восприимчивостью, так и с тяжестью заболевания.
Древнеримское гражданство: идеал и реальность
Authors: Львов А.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с римским гражданством, элементами идеального представления о нем и его ценностях и принципах, проблемами их реализации, эволюции и упадка.

The article deals with issues related to Roman citizenship, elements of an ideal idea about it and its values and principles, problems of their realization, evolution and decline.
Генезис понятия криминалистической характеристики механизма преступления
Authors: Чурилов С.Н.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы зарождения, становления и современного состояния понятия криминалистической характеристики механизма преступления. Излагается авторское видение структуры этого понятия, его соотношения с обстоятельствами, подлежащими доказыванию при расследовании преступлений конкретного вида, а также перспективы развития.

The article deals with the origin, formation and current state of the concept of forensic characterization of the crime mechanism. It considers the author’s vision of the structure of this concept, its correlation with the circumstances to be proved when investigating crimes of a particular type, as well as the development prospects.
Клуб как пространство сопричастного управления горожан своим образованием в контексте социально-экономических и социокультурных преобразований города
Authors: Ле-ван Т Н. , Алексейчева Е.Ю. , Нехорошева Е.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье ставится проблема возможностей управления граждан непрерывным самообразованием. Одним из решений авторы видят создание в мегаполисе единого клубного пространства, где каждый сможет реализовать в реальном или цифровом режиме витальную потребность в образовании и развивающей коммуникации. В связи с этим обсуждаются организационно-управленческие и технологические решения, в рамках которых горожанин будет учиться управлять своими образовательными потребностями и их реализацией в течение всей жизни.

The article poses the problem of possibilities for citizens’ management of their continuous self-education. One of the solutions is the creation of a united club space in the metropolis, where everyone in real or digital mode can fulfill the vital need for learning and developing communication. In this regard, organizational, managerial and technological solutions are discussed, within which a city dweller will learn to manage his educational needs and their implementation throughout his life.
Культура в системе современной лингводидактической концептологии
Authors: Тарева Е.Г.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается динамика аксиосферы лингводидактики как науки, методологические основания которой находятся в состоянии кардинального пере- смотра под воздействием объективных факторов и смены научной парадигматики. Делается акцент на последовательном переосмыслении феномена «культура» и смене его статуса в структуре лингводидактической концептологии. Выделяются внешние и внутренние обстоятельства, под влиянием которых происходит изменение научных доминант, связанных со сменой образовательных парадигм.

The article discusses the dynamics of the axiosphere of linguodidactics, methodological foundations of which are cardinally changed under the influence of objective factors and shifts in scientific paradigmatics. The most significant is the consistent rethinking of the phenomenon of «culture» and the change of its status in the structure of linguodidactic conceptology. It is shown under the influence of which external and internal factors there is a change in scientific dominants due to the changes of educational paradigms.
Цифровая экономика современной России как объект государственного, муниципального и корпоративного управления
Authors: Гуськова Т.В. , Гуськов Ю.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассмотрены вопросы возникновения и развития информационных технологий, их интеграции в современную экономику и формирования цифровой экономики.

The article deals with the emergence and development of information technologies, their integration into the modern economy and the formation of the digital economy.
Экономико-математическая модель обобщенных показателей инноваций
Authors: Раупов К.С.
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена построению математической модели, которая позволит оценить воздействие инноваций на повышение эффективности и конкурентоспособности организации с использованием показателей, характеризующих технический уровень производства, качество продукции и эффективность труда.

The article is devoted to the construction of a mathematical model that will assess the impact of innovation on improving the efficiency and competitiveness of the organization using indicators of the technical level of production, product quality and labor efficiency.
Проектный подход к управлению современной школой: обеспечение надежности и безопасности развития
Authors: Нехорошева Е.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье поставлена проблема обеспечения надежности и безопасности образовательного пространства в локациях межрайонных советов директоров. В контексте проектного подхода рассмотрены механизмы управления профилактической деятельностью в школе и ее коммуникационного сопровождения. На основе реального опыта проектной работы автором сформулированы содержательные и организационно-управленческие задачи по развитию надежной школы.

The article poses the problem of ensuring the reliability and safety of the educational space in the locations of inter-district boards of directors. In the context of the project approach, the mechanisms for the management of preventive activities at school and its communication support are considered. Based on the actual experience of the project work, the author has formulated substantive, organizational and managerial tasks for the development of a reliable school.
Образование: показатели оценки и вопросы его совершенствования в целях развития инновационной экономики
Authors: Алексейчева Е.Ю. , Скубрий Е.В. , Черкашин О.Ю.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются теоретические вопросы качества, эффективности, результативности, конкурентоспособности образования, содержатся практические предложения по улучшению этих показателей.

Education: Assessment Indicators and Issues of Its Improvement in Order to Develop an Innovative Economy The article considrers the theoretical issues of quality, efficiency, effectiveness, competitiveness of education. The practical suggestions for improving these indicators are given in the article.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРОБОПОДГОТОВКИ НА ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ВОДНО-ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПОЧВ
Authors: Дунаева Е.А. , Бойко Н.Г. , Джапарова А.М. , Подовалова С.В. , Филина Я.А.
Published: October 2024

Существует достаточное количество прямых и косвенных методов определения основных почвенно-гидрофизических констант, применение которых зависит как от типа исследуемых почв и их гранулометрического состава, так и технического оснащения лаборатории и квалифицированных специалистов, в связи с чем в последние годы приобретают популярность косвенные методы определения кривых водоудерживающей способности почвы. Одним из важных факторов, которые оказывают влияние на достоверность получаемых параметров, является пробоподготовка образцов. Однако, как в научной литературе, так и в ГОСТ данному вопросу уделяется недостаточное внимание. В связи с этим нами была сформулирована цель работы – изучить влияние способов измельчения почвы на точность определения влажности устойчивого завядания (ВЗ). В работе использованы три варианта измельчения почвы: вручную, пестиком с резиновым наконечником и в мельнице грунтовой. Для определения ВЗ были использованы метод равновесного центрифугирования и метод вегетационных миниатюр. Установлено, что результаты, полученные этими двумя методами, имеют тесную связь для слоёв 0–20 см и 20–40 см агрочернозёма сегрегационного маломощного тяжелосуглинистого на лессовидных суглинках. Установлено, что наиболее приемлемым вариантом измельчения проб почвы для метода равновесного центрифугирования является измельчение пестиком с резиновым наконечником, тогда как для метода вегетационных миниатюр – измельчение вручную.
First Insight in Fungi Diversity and Mycotoxins Contaminating Smoked Fish Sold in Yaoundé Retails Markets in Cameroon
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon, Ziem Olivier , Ekwe Priso Gwladys ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon, Plidikoua Amandine ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon, A Ayong Moise Ntah ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon, Adande Balbine ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon, Sameza Modeste Lambert ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon, Etoa Francois-Xavier ,   Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde I, Cameroon, Koro Koro Francioli ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon
Published: October 2024

Mycotoxins are one of the major food poisons for the human’s liver. Their production is generally related to improper food storage condition, mainly cereals and groundnuts. In the present study we assessed the moulds diversity and mycotoxin contamination of smoked fish, one of the most eaten foodstuffs in Cameroon. For this purpose, 1000 specimens of smoked fish were randomly collected from 10 retail markets in Yaoundé and pooled into 50 composite samples. Moulds were isolated by dilution, suspension and culture methods. Identification of fungal was assessed by phonotypical characterization. Three different mycotoxins (Aflatoxin B1, Ochratoxin A and fumonisin B) were tested on fish. Semi-quantitative immuno-chromatographic assay was used for (AFB1) and Fumonisin B (FB), ELISA assay was used for Ochratoxin A (OTA). The identification of moulds flora associated with smoked fish revealed that they belonged to three genuses namely Aspergillus, Penicillium and Absidia. Only species belonguing to Aspergillus genus appear to produce Aflatoxins. Three types of mycotoxin were detected (AFB1, OTA and FB) with occurences of 76%, 18% and 6% respectively at levels above the reference maximum admissived limits.
On the dependence of the catalytic activity of nickel ferrite nanoparticles in the oxidative dehydrogenation of 2-propanol on the crystallite size
Authors: Pittenauer Michael , Rameshan Raffael , Schrenk Florian , Wang Chunlei , Eder Moritz Maximilian Joachim , Parkinson Gareth , Rameshan Christoph , Föttinger Karin
Published: October 2024

Nickel ferrite spinel nanoparticles of different crystallite sizes were prepared in a glycine assisted sol-gel autocombustion reaction and characterised by powder x-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, near ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, nitrogen physisorption, hydrogen and carbon monoxide temperature programmed reduction and oxygen and carbon dioxide temperature programmed desorption. A different distribution of Ni2+ cations in the tetrahedrally and octahedrally coordinated sites of the spinel lattice and an increased reducibility of the smaller crystallite size sample were identified as the main impacts of different crystallite size. Their catalytic activity in the oxidative dehydrogenation of 2-propanol was investigated by temperature programmed reaction studies using different ratios of 2-propanol:O2 as well as of possible parallel and consecutive reactions at atmospheric pressure and maximum 400 °C. Operando-DRIFTS-MS studies at different 2-propanol:O2 ratios were carried out under continuous-flow conditions at atmospheric pressure as well. Thereby, the increased reducibility of the small crystallite size sample could be linked to an unselective activity for dehydrogenation yielding acetone and hydrogen, partial oxidation of 2-propanol and acetone, and total combustion leading to a complex network of reactions going on, being further pushed by an excess of oxygen. Ex-situ x-ray diffraction measurements were performed following the temperature programmed reaction experiments. The large crystallite size sample was found to be generally less active, but more selective towards non-oxidative dehydrogenation. Ex-situ x-ray diffraction measurements performed following the temperature programmed reaction experiments confirmed the increased reducibility of the smaller crystallite size sample. In the operando IR studies, 2-propoxide, adsorbed acetone, carbonates and acetates were identified as species occurring in the reaction.
Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy and Electrocatalysis: Is There a Bridge in Between?
Authors: Bosse Jan , Varykhalov Andrei , Muntwiler Matthias , Lippert Thomas , Akbashev Andrew
Published: October 2024

The electronic interaction between molecules and a surface greatly influences the kinetics of heterogeneous electrocatalytic processes. Here, we explore the possibility of using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study electrocatalysts. Using oxide materials as an example, we identify pitfalls and key challenges of such experiments and discuss future opportunities.
Two-Stage Growth of Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Copper: Imaging and Quantification by Operando Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Thaman Henry , Li Michael , Rose Justin , Narasimhan Swati , Xu Xin , Yen Che-Ning , Jin Norman , Akbashev Andrew , Davidoff Isabel , Bazant Martin , Chueh Will
Published: October 2024

The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a key role in the aging of lithium-ion batteries. The engineering of advanced negative electrode materials to increase battery lifetime relies on accurate models of SEI growth, but quantitative measurement of SEI growth rates remains challenging due to their nanoscale heterogeneity and environmental sensitivity. In this work, using operando electrochemical atomic force microscopy, we track the growth of SEI on copper in a carbonate electrolyte. From operando measurements of SEI thickness and irreversible electrochemical capacity, we directly visualize the dual growth regimes of the SEI, observing an early-stage primary SEI approximately 10 times more “electrochemically compact” than later-stage secondary SEI, as quantified via the incremental thickness per charge passed. While primary SEI is responsible for about half of the irreversible capacity loss (in a 24 h period), it accounts for only a tenth of thickness. We also show that nanoscale defects on the copper substrate play a key role in determining the non-uniform growth morphology of the SEI, thus providing novel, direct evidence that initial SEI growth is not purely transport-limited. Our experiments reveal SEI grows by two modes: first a reaction-limited nucleation and growth of a dense, passivating primary SEI layer, governed by ion-coupled electron transfer kinetics; and subsequently by diffusion-limited growth of a porous secondary SEI layer, once the primary SEI fully passivates the electrode surface.
Differentiated approach to the treatment of femoral fractures in children 0–7 years old using osteosynthesis with flexible titanium rods
Authors: Sidorov Sergey V. , Сhelpachenko Oleg B. , Yatsyk Sergey P. , Serova Natalya Y. , Nikishov Sergey O.
Published: October 2024

Background. Fractures of the femur, especially its diaphysis, are quite common in pediatric practice. One of the priorities in the treatment of hip fractures in children is elastic stable intramedullary osteosynthesis with flexible titanium rods (ESIN/TEN), however, the frequency of using conservative methods also remains high.
Aim. To differentiate the approach to the treatment of femoral fractures in children aged 0–7 years.
Materials and methods. The immediate results of treatment of femoral fractures in 118 children aged 0 to 7 years (mean age 3.3±1.8 years) were studied. The main group consisted of 62 children who underwent surgical treatment of diaphyseal femoral fractures, while ESIN osteosynthesis was performed in 56 patients. The reference group was formed by a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 56 children who received conservative treatment of hip fractures.
Results. Compared with conservative methods, with ESIN, the overall rate of early complications (skin reaction) was significantly lower, there were no complications from the internal organs (kidneys, lungs), and there were 3 (4.8%) cases of fixative migration. The severity of pain after 3 weeks from the start of treatment in the main group decreased to 2.4±0.1 points (mild pain), and in the reference group – to 4.5±0.3 points (moderate pain; p=0.013). The average length of stay of patients in the hospital in the main group was 7.3±2.4 days, in the reference group – 21.2±5.9 days (p=0.008).
Conclusion. ESIN is the optimal method of stabilization for diaphyseal fractures of the femur in children aged 0 to 7 years. The advantages of ESIN over conservative methods are lower morbidity, greater pain relief, and shorter hospital stays for children.
Iron deficiency and its impact on post-vaccination immunity: a review
Authors: Lebedev Vyacheslav  V. , Demikhov Valery G. , Lunyakova Mariya A. , Demikhova Elena V. , Nosova Natalia Y.
Published: October 2024

Modern vaccination programs are vital to overcoming the burden of infectious diseases and saving countless lives. The effective functioning of the adaptive immune system involves the interaction of many factors. Recent clinical studies have shown a significant role of iron in developing an immune response to infection and vaccination. Lymphocytes, the immune system's leading cells, cannot fully perform their functions without access to the circulating iron. The amount of iron bound to blood transferrin depends on its intake from food, and it is reduced during active inflammation due to the increase in the production of hepcidin, the main hormone regulating iron metabolism. Since iron deficiency conditions and chronic inflammatory processes are common, the potential impact of iron deficiency on the immune response warrants extensive study. The review presents data confirming the importance of iron for the correct functioning of the immune system and information on the effect of iron deficiency on the development of post-vaccination immunity.
Reconstruction of the choana in a teenager with congenital unilateral choanal atresia after multiple choanal surgery. Case report
Authors: Asmanov Alan I. , Pivneva Natalya D.
Published: October 2024

Choanal atresia (CA) is a congenital pathology, the frequency of which currently stands at 1 in 8000 newborns. The cause of congenital choanal atresia has not been definitively established at the moment. Diagnosis of CA often is made by pediatricians or neonatologists in the ICU oh the maternity hospital. In case of bilateral CA diagnosis is often not difficult and the diagnosis is often suggested right after labor due to asphyxia, but with a unilateral process, children can live for years without nasal obstruction in case of compensated nasal breathing. Today approaches to CA repair in children remain controversial. And if, in a bilateral process, surgical intervention is recommended to be done as early as possible, in case of the correction of the unilateral process may be postponed until older age. There is also no clear opinion on the approaches to surgical approaches, the use of protectors, the duration of their installation and the type of protector used is also controversial. The article describes a clinical case of adolescent with bilateral CA with multiple choanoplasty surgeries and restenosis. The child was admitted to Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute of Pediatrics and Children surgery. Despite the diagnosis that was made on time, the patient managed to improve nasal breathing only by the age of 15 after choanal reconstruction.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia in children: clinical, laboratory-instrumental and genetic characteristics
Authors: Strelnikova Valeriia A. , Ovsyannikov Dmitriy Y. , Pushkov Alexander А. , Ayrapetyan Maxim I. , Bragina Elizaveta Е. , Bulynko Sergei А. , Voronkova Anna Y. , Gorev Valerii V. , Grigoriadis Nikolay К. , Gutyrchik Tatiana А. , Deeva Evgenia V. , Zhilina Svetlana V. , Karpenko Maxim А. , Kolganova Nataliya I. , Kondakova Olga B. , Laberko Evgeny L. , Malyshev Oleg G. , Nafanailova Elina A. , Reminnaia Alina S. , Simonova Olga I. , Sokolova Natalia А. , Starevskaia Svetlana V. , Topilin Oleg G. , Tsverava Anna G. , Shmeleva Irina O. , Shubina Yuliya F. , Iushina Tatiana I. , Savost'anov Kirill V.
Published: October 2024

Background. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an orphan disease, and diagnosis is difficult because there is no gold standard for diagnosis.
Aim. Clinical, laboratory-instrumental, genetic characteristics of PCD in children.
Materials and methods. From 2009 to 2024, 31 patients with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of PCD were observed as part of a multicenter, open-ended, descriptive pilot longitudinal study. Examination methods: clinical and anamnestic method; X-ray examination and computed tomography of the chest organs and paranasal sinuses, tracheobronchoscopy; sputum/aspirate cultures of the tracheobroncheal tree with determination of sensitivity to antibiotics; transmission electron microscopy, high-speed video microscopy of the ciliated epithelium, cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage; monitoring computer pulse oximetry, echocardiography, audiometry, spirometry with bronchodilator test.
Results. Respiratory symptoms in the neonatal period have 80% of children with PCD, lateralization defects – 35%, congenital heart defects – 13%, bronchiectasis – 68%, purulent endobronchitis – 62%, year-round rhinitis – 84%, hearing loss, otitis – 65%. The average age of onset of symptoms was 1 [1; 1] weeks, and the verification of diagnosis was 6 [2,5; 8] years. The main pathogens of chronic respiratory infection with PCD are Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. The most common cause of PCD was biallelic variants of the DNAH5 gene.
Conclusion. The diagnosis of PCD should be based on the application of the maximum number of diagnostic tests.
The positive effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on the cognitive function of children and adolescents with lipid metabolism disorders
Authors: Zakharova Irina N. , Korchagina Iuliya V. , Pshenichnikova Irina I.
Published: October 2024

Aim. To study the effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the cognitive functions of children with lipid metabolism disorders of different ages.
Materials and methods. The study included 87 children aged 6 to 17 years who had not previously received ω-3 PUFA supplements. All subjects were tested twice, with an interval of 6 months, to determine the ω-3 erythrocyte index by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and to study attention span and focusing using the correction task method (Bourdon test). The cohort was randomly divided into two groups: the main group, which included 60 children who received the ω-3 supplements, and the control group, which included 27 children who did not receive any nutritional supplements.
Results. In children of the main group, after receiving the Norwegian fish oil NFO® at 1000 mg for 6 months, an increase in the erythrocyte ω-3 index was observed, while in the control group, it did not change significantly. A statistically significant correlation was found between the adequacy of ω-3 PUFA and the attention span and focusing.
Conclusion. The results of the study showed the effectiveness of ω-3 PUFA supplementation at 1000 mg/day for 6 months and confirmed the positive effect of ω-3 PUFA on the cognitive sphere of children and adolescents. High-quality food supplements with ω-3 PUFAs at 1000 mg/day can be recommended to develop intellection, memory, and attention span and focus in children and adolescents.
The effectiveness of the synbiotic Maxilac® for the new coronavirus infection after antibacterial therapy
Authors: Novikova Valeriya P. , Polunina Anna V. , Bannova Svetlana L. , Balashov Aleksey L. , Dudurich Vasilisa V. , Danilov Lavrentii G. , Blinov Alexander E. , Varlamova Olga N. , Seits Antonina V. , Kukes Evgeniia A.
Published: October 2024

The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) that emerged in 2019 is a infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Although SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects the respiratory system, numerous studies suggest significant gastrointestinal involvement in COVID-19, particularly in children.
Aim. To evaluate the effect of the synbiotic Maxilac® in children with COVID-19 after antibacterial therapy (ABT).
Materials and methods. A clinical post-approval open-label observational prospective single-center study with minimal intervention was conducted. The microbiome of children with COVID-19 was studied. Twelve children with COVID-19 complicated by a bacterial infection (pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis) were included, receiving ABT and then taking the synbiotic Maxilac® for 4 weeks. Patient data were collected: symptoms, medical history, clinical status, study of intestinal microbiota (IM) by 16S sequencing, stool test for zonulin, and review of drug therapy. The material was sampled in patients with COVID-19 at 3 time points: at the time of acute COVID-19 disease, at the time of recovery from COVID-19, and 4 weeks after starting the synbiotic therapy.
Results. The administration of the synbiotic Maxilac® to patients who received ABT for bacterial complications of COVID-19 relieves clinical gastroenterological symptoms, prevents the development of dysbiosis, and normalizes intestinal permeability. The results indicated significant changes in IM after ABT in complicated COVID-19 and the normalizing effect of synbiotic Maxilac® on IM during administration for 30 days. The synbiotic Maxilac® in the group of children with COVID-19 who received ABT had no side effects and was safe.
Conclusion. Children with COVID-19, complicated by a bacterial infection, treated with ABT are recommended to receive the synbiotic Maxilac® for at least 30 days after recovery.
Selective screening for celiac disease in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: a retrospective study
Authors: Gostyukhina Anastasia D. , Dmitrieva Yulia A. , Osmanov Ismail M. , Maykova Irina D. , Scorobogatova Ekaterina V. , Radchenko Elena R. , Zakharova Irina N.
Published: October 2024

Background. Currently, the effectiveness of various screening programs for celiac disease remains a matter of debate. According to most researchers, selective screening among patients with characteristic symptoms or at-risk groups is most effective.
Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of selective screening for celiac disease in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.
Materials and methods. In an open retrospective clinical study, the rate of celiac disease among 1,482 children who were examined in the Bashlyaeva Children's City Clinical Hospital and the most significant symptoms of the disease depending on age were identified.
Results. The mean rate of celiac disease was 8.26%: from 6 months to 3 years 7.25%, from 4 to 7 years 10.28%, from 8 to 14 years 9.33%, and in adolescents from 15 years and older 4.05%. The most significant symptoms of the disease in young children were abdominal distension/flatulence, asthenia, and weight loss; preschool children had stool disorders (constipation, diarrhea), abdominal distension/flatulence, and anemia. At the age of 8–14 years, only nausea was statistically significantly associated with celiac disease. We have not identified any significant symptoms in the older age group.
Conclusion. Our study has shown the high effectiveness of selective screening for celiac disease. The selective screening program is most effective in children of early and preschool age, which defines this age category as a target for introducing screening programs in medical check-ups before enrollment to preschool institutions and schools.
Eosinophilic esophagitis in children: a review of current guidelines based on case studies
Authors: Zakharova Irina N. , Berezhnaya Irina V. , Goncharova Liudmila V.
Published: October 2024

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is still considered a rare disease. However, over the past decades, there has been an increase in publications on the diagnosis and treatment of EoE in both adults and children. Challenges in diagnosing EoE, especially in children, are associated with underestimation of risk factors and non-specific symptoms. For adults, the main symptom is dysphagia combined with eosinophilic infiltration of esophageal tissue (over 15 per field of view); thus, the diagnosis can be verified. The article presents a clinical case of EoE in an adolescent with an early atopic march and long-term retrosternal pain and dysphagia, and criteria for deciding on therapy are provided.
Axis "microbiota – gut – eye": a review
Authors: Zakharova Irina N. , Berezhnaya Irina V. , Dmitrieva Diana K. , Pupykina Viktoria V.
Published: October 2024

Every organ in the human body has its own microbiota, and the eye, a complex multi-component organ, is no exception. Due to the limitations of traditional methods, detailed study of the ocular microbiome began only in 2010 as part of the Eye Microbiome Project, when advances in research methods made it possible to obtain detailed data, although there had been debate previously about whether microorganisms were even able to attach to the ocular surface due to the layers of the tear film, which have antibacterial properties. The cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands and tear film, meibomian glands and microbiome form the microenvironment of the ocular surface, interacting together and resisting irritants, allergens and pathogens. Homeostasis of the ocular microbiota is critical for maintaining the health of the visual organ. Most microorganisms are found on the cornea and conjunctiva, and modern research methods, including 16S rRNA sequencing, have allowed us to establish the "core" of the ocular surface microbiota, identifying the most common types: Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, and Streptococcus, although the exact composition of the “core” remains debatable. Many factors can influence the composition of the microbiome, including age, contact lens wear, ophthalmic medications, and antibiotics. Like the microbiome of many other organs, the ocular surface microbiome is influenced by the gut microbiome: this relationship has been called the "microbiota – gut – eye" axis. Within the "gut – eye" axis, healthy gut microbiota produce short-chain fatty acids, indoles, polyamines, and other substances that have a beneficial effect on the immune system and retinal health. The state of dysbiosis leads to disruption of homeostasis, and the increasing inflammatory reaction can contribute to damage to the optic nerve and progression of eye disease. Some ophthalmologic diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degradation, choroidal neovascularization, uveitis, primary open-angle glaucoma, Sjogren's syndrome, dry eye syndrome are associated with dysbiosis of the intestinal microbial composition. Correction of intestinal dysbiosis using various methods can lead to a decrease in the risk of eye diseases, although additional research is needed to discover new methods for treating ophthalmologic pathologies along the "microbiota – gut – eye" axis.
YIELD EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF POTATO IN BAJHANG DISTRICT OF NEPAL
Authors: Shrestha Kritim , Simkhada Kapil , Karki Aashish
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was carried out in Bithadchir rural municipality of Bajhang district, Nepal in 2021 in the title “Yield evaluation of different varieties of potato in Bajhang district”. The experiment was carried out to find out the best varieties for the hills and high-hills of Nepal based on their availability, suitability and previous record of performance and to assist the farmers to increase the potato production and ensure their food security. One factorial RCBD experimental design was used to evaluate the yield of different varieties. The varieties used as a treatments are Cardinal, Desire, Axona, Blue Danube and Bajhang Local. The results from our experiment shows that cardinal had maximum tuber weight per plant (515.75 gm), highest large grade tuber percentage (37.95%) and also the highest productivity (29.47 t/ha). Moreover, highest number of tubers (14.55) with maximum medium grade tuber percentage (34.71%) was found in Bajhang local. Similarly, being a native variety of the region, the growth parameters (number of main stems per hill, leaves and leaflet numbers, and canopy diameter) and also some yield parameters (number of tubers per plant, tuber size grade) of Bajhang local were also impressive. Therefore, the findings of our research conclude that Cardinal is the best variety under study in terms of yield and variety Bajhang local cultivation should also be promoted due to its wide adaptability in the existing local microclimate.
DIFFERENT POST-HARVEST TREATMENTS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND SHELF LIFE OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM CV. PUSA RUBY) FRUITS
Authors: Chhetri Bidhya Poudel , Ghimire Sudip
Published: October 2024

A well-known vegetable of the Solanaceae family that is grown all over the globe is the tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum). In Nepal, post-harvest tomato losses of up to 50% have been observed. This study examined the effects of several post-harvest procedures to lengthen the shelf life of tomatoes stored at room temperature. The experiment had a completely randomized design (CRD) and included six treatments that were repeated four times. The freshly picked tomato was waxed, given a hot water treatment, wrapped in low-density polyethylene, treated with calcium chloride, and then given a control treatment. Weight loss, shelf life, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity were the subjects of data collection. Analysis of data was done through Microsoft- Excel, R- Studio, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). This study discovered that tomato fruit dipped in 8% CaCl2 had no positive impact on the fruit’s quality reserves or shelf life. The polyethylene wrapping of tomato fruits produced better results than all other treatments in terms of weight loss, maximum TSS content (3.880 Brix), titratable acidity, and maximum extension of the storage period of tomato fruits (25 days). As a result, it can be used to store light red tomato fruits for up to 25 days at room temperature.