bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Instructor and Student Experiences: A Guide to Successful Capstone Research Courses
Authors: Strain Megan L. , Moen Katherine C.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Providing a quality undergraduate research capstone is a meaningful high-impact practice to facilitate American Psychological Association learning goals, and help students learn skills critical for both graduate school and future careers.

Statement of the Problem

The demands of such courses are often time-consuming and stressful, especially for instructors without teaching assistants. The goal of the current manuscript is to provide guidance and resources for faculty teaching undergraduate research experience (UREs) courses.

Literature Review

Previous research suggests that faculty workload and burnout are recurring sources of stress, and faculty often struggle to implement UREs effectively. However, these experiences provide experiential learning, and increase student engagement and motivation.

Teaching Implications

In a three-credit course with strict deadlines and flexible scheduling, guiding student-led projects becomes less daunting. Required attendance, deduction-only participation points, and other policies ease grading loads while reinforcing course objectives.

Conclusion

Student feedback, performance, and positive instructor experiences suggest that this structure helps overcome logistical barriers and create positive outcomes. Course resources are provided in open materials.
Impact of a History of COVID-19 Infection on Postoperative Outcomes for Free Flap Patients
Authors: Tucker Jacqueline , Eberly Hänel W. , Lighthall Jessyka G.
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This study examines the impact of a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on patients’ outcomes after microvascular free flap surgery and to examine the recommendations on when to perform microvascular surgery after a COVID-19 infection. Methods: A retrospective chart review using the TriNetX database was completed on March 5, 2023. Two cohorts were created: (1) patients who had a positive COVID-19 diagnosis within 1 year before microvascular free flap surgery, and (2) patients with no history of COVID-19 who underwent free flap surgery. Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify procedures and International Classification of Diseases-10 codes were used to identify outcomes. Results: There was a total of 31,505 patients who underwent microvascular free flap surgery, 500 of whom had a diagnosis of COVID-19 within 1 year of free flap surgery and 31,005 without history of COVID-19. There was increased risk of sepsis, surgical site infection (SSI), generalized infection, gangrene, dehiscence, hematoma, seroma, intensive care unit admission, and death in patients who underwent free flap surgery within a year of COVID-19 infection. After propensity score matching, there were 498 patients in both groups. Increased risk remained for SSI and gangrene in patients with a history of COVID-19 after matching. When comparing surgical timing between 0 to 2 months after COVID-19 infection and 2 to 12 months after COVID-19 infection, there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: After propensity score matching, patients with a history of COVID-19 infection were at increased risk for SSI and gangrene. However, many flap surgeries cannot be delayed. This study may help counsel patients regarding the possible complications after surgery and provide a heightened awareness in the surgical team of a possible increase in infectious complications in this population. Additional studies should investigate optimal timing of free flap surgery after COVID-19 infection and ways to mitigate the risk of infectious complications.
Development of a Machine Learning Algorithm to Forecast the Likelihood of Postoperative Neurological Complications in Patients With Parotid Tumors
Authors: Li Ruilin , Zheng Zhanhang , Yang Lianzhao , Li Shuimei , Qin Shuhong , Xu Sujuan , Wu Chenxingzi , Wang Wenjuan
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to create and verify a machine learning-driven predictive model to forecast the likelihood of facial nerve impairment in patients with parotid tumors following surgery. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from patients with parotid tumors between 2013 and 2023 to develop a prediction model for postoperative facial nerve dysfunction using 5 ML techniques: Logistic Regression (Logit), Random Forest (RF), XGBoost (XGB), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Predictor variables were screened using binomial-LASSO regression. Results: The study had a total of 403 participants, out of which 56 individuals encountered facial nerve damage after the surgery. By employing binomial-LASSO regression, we have successfully identified 8 crucial predictive variables: tumor kind, tumor pain, surgeon’s experience, tumor volume, basophil percentage, red blood cell count, partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time. The models utilizing ANN and Logit achieved higher area under the curve (AUC) values, namely 0.829, which was significantly better than the SVM model that had an AUC of 0.724. There were no noticeable disparities in the AUC values between the ANN and Logit models, as well as between these models and other techniques like RF and XGB. Conclusion: Using machine learning, our prediction model accurately predicts the likelihood that patients with parotid tumors may experience facial nerve damage following surgery. By using this model, doctors can assess patients’ risks more accurately before to surgery, and it may also help optimize postoperative treatment techniques. It is anticipated that this tool would enhance patients’ quality of life and therapeutic outcomes.
Uncommon Bilateral Idiopathic Facial Nerve Palsy (Bell’s Palsy) in an Infant: An Atypical Age and Clinical Challenges Explored: A Case Report
Authors: Yogeeta Fnu , Devi Muskan , Abdul Rauf Sameer , Rajper Sanam Bano
Published: May 2024

Our case study explores Bell’s palsy, a rare lower motor neuron facial nerve paralysis, particularly rare in newborns. While often idiopathic, it can stem from congenital or developmental factors. Unilateral facial paralysis is more prevalent, with Bell’s palsy accounting for more than 50%, while bilateral facial paralysis is exceptionally rare. We present a distinctive case of idiopathic Bell palsy in a 3.5-month-old infant, initially affecting the right side and spontaneously resolved within 30 days, followed by involvement on the left side a month later. Despite comprehensive evaluations and treatment, persistent facial weakness was observed on the left side. The patient initially responded well but faced ongoing challenges during the second attack. Our findings underscore the need for further research to improve the understanding and management of these cases.
The Job Satisfaction Paradox: Pluralistic Ignorance and the Myth of the “Unhappy Worker”
Authors: Glavin Paul , Schieman Scott
Published: May 2024

American media coverage of the “Great Resignation” may have contributed to a belief that job dissatisfaction is widespread in the United States, even though surveys show relatively high and stable levels of job satisfaction among American workers. Using data from the 2023 Quality of Employment Survey, we investigate whether individuals’ beliefs about job dissatisfaction mirror empirical evidence or align more with media portrayals of widespread discontent. While most study participants expressed personal job satisfaction, over half believed that the majority of Americans were not at all satisfied, indicative of pluralistic ignorance—a phenomenon involving a collective misperception about a group’s norms or beliefs. Dissatisfaction beliefs were more common among remote workers and those with fewer work friendships. Moreover, believing in widespread job dissatisfaction was associated with lower organizational commitment, controlling for personal job satisfaction. We discuss the role of pluralistic ignorance in reconciling personal experiences with contrasting media representations of work and the economy.
Association Between Lifestyle Behaviors and Obesity Among Stroke Survivors
Authors: Yoo Jee-Hye , Kim TaeHee , Lee JuHee
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The aim was to investigate factors influencing obesity among stroke survivors based on demographics and lifestyle behaviors.

Background:

Stroke survivors are more likely to experience stroke recurrence within a few years. As obesity is a traditional risk factor for stroke, obesity should be managed in stroke survivors to prevent stroke recurrence.

Methods:

A cross-sectional secondary data analysis analyzed data from the 2017 United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. Demographics, frequency of vegetable and fruit intake, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and sleep were examined.

Results:

Among 1032 stroke survivors, 57.8% were obese. Advanced age, female sex, veteran status, at least once-daily fruit intake, current smoking, and lack of physical activity were associated with obesity.

Conclusion:

Stroke survivors should be encouraged to pursue healthy behaviors to manage obesity. Appropriate transitional care, including diet education and tailored exercise, can be an effective strategy.
All victims have something to say: the differential impact of victims’ narratives on intergroup forgiveness / Todas las víctimas tienen algo que decir: el impacto diferencial de las narrativas de víctimas en el perdón intergrupal
Authors: Castro-Abril Pablo , Basabe Nekane , López-López Wilson , Telletxea Saioa , Páez Darío
Published: May 2024

Victims’ testimonies have emerged as an interesting tool for generating changes in societies that are seeking to emerge from a violent conflict. However, victims are not a homogeneous group and their stances regarding the perpetrators can different according to whether they accept or reject intergroup forgiveness processes, as was the case of J. Améry, a writer and essayist who survived the Holocaust. In this article, we inquire into the impact of victims’ testimonies on attitudes towards intergroup forgiveness in Spain ( N = 274). An experimental study with three conditions was designed using victims’ testimonies that were favourable (Condition 1) and unfavourable (Condition 2) to intergroup forgiveness, along with a condition with statistical data on violence (Condition 0). The results show a differential impact on attitudes based on the victim’s testimony, in addition to emotional activation that is not inherently related to attitudes in favour of forgiveness but instead to the victim’s attitude towards that process.
Changes in processing speed during early abstinence from alcohol dependence
Authors: Powell Anna , Sumnall Harry , Kullu Cecil , Owens Lynn , Montgomery Catharine
Published: May 2024

Background:

Processing speed is a task-independent construct underpinning more complex goal-related abilities. Processing speed is impaired in alcohol dependence (AD) and is linked to relapse, as are the functions it underpins. Reliable measurement of processing speed may allow tracking of AD recovery trajectories and identify patients requiring additional support.

Aims:

To assess changes in reaction time (RT) from baseline (at the start of a detoxification programme) across early abstinence.

Methods:

Vibrotactile RT was assessed in early recovery between days 3 and 7 of treatment in 66 individuals with AD (25 females; aged 19–74, 44.60 ± 10.60 years) and against 35 controls tested on one occasion (19 females; 41.00 ± 13.60), using two multivariate multiple regressions. A mixed multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) of available AD data ( n = 45) assessed change in RT between timepoints and between treatment settings (outpatient vs inpatient).

Results:

The group (AD vs control) significantly predicted choice RT at baseline and follow-up but did not significantly predict simple RT or RT variability, which is inconsistent with previous findings. At follow-up, mental fatigue was also predicted by the group, and MANCOVA indicated that this had worsened in inpatients but improved in outpatients.

Conclusions:

Recovery of RT measures so early in the treatment journey was not in line with previous research which indicates persisting deficits. The interaction between setting and timepoint indicates that despite being typically less medically complex, outpatients require ongoing support and monitoring during their recovery.
Cleansing the molten steel due to the dispersed in-situ phase induced by the composite sphere burst reaction I. Composite sphere design
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Zhang Yijian , Ding Fei , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: May 2024

In the present investigation, a novel fine inclusion removal technology due to the dispersed in-situ phase induced by composite ball burst reaction was put forward. A composite sphere with this function was designed and the composite sphere burst process at steelmaking temperature was analysed. The results indicate that the compact strength of the composite ball is so high that it will not break up as it intrudes into the molten steel. The composite sphere has a high thermal stability at steelmaking temperature. Usually, the composite sphere burst reaction takes place after it has intruded into the molten steel for a few seconds. The fine bubbles and slag droplets can be released due to the composite sphere burst reaction. Compared with the conventional technology, the bubbles and slag droplets induced by this novel technology are much finer. The size distribution of the bubble and the slag droplet is between 20 and 200 μm. The dispersion of these fine bubbles and slag droplets contributes to collision with inclusion.
Transfer Learning for Transportation Demand Resilience Pattern Prediction Using Floating Car Data
Authors: Yang Ningkang , Lu Qing-Long , Lyu Cheng , Antoniou Constantinos
Published: May 2024

Understanding the response of a transportation system to disruptive events is significant for evaluating the resilience of the system. However, data collection during such events is always challenging, and the data volume is insufficient for building a robust model. Transfer learning provides an effective solution to this problem. In this study, we propose a floating car data (FCD) driven transfer learning framework for predicting the resilience of target transportation systems to similar disruptive events to those that have ever occurred in the source systems. The core of the framework is an unsupervised pattern extractor that combines the k-Shape clustering and Bayes inference methods for extracting resilience patterns from the FCD collected in the source systems during the disruption period. The extracted patterns can then be used to assist in the prediction of the resilience of the target systems. We examine the effectiveness of the proposed framework by conducting a case study under the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, in which the source domain cities include Antwerp and Bangkok, and the target domain city is Barcelona. Results show that the extracted resilience patterns can improve the prediction performance of transfer learning neural networks with less pre-event information and limited data volume.
Why and Why Not? Systematic Review of the Willingness to Accept Drone and Robot Deliveries
Authors: Kim Woojung , Hur Sung Ho
Published: May 2024

Last-mile deliveries using drones and robots have recently emerged as alternatives to deliveries using conventional trucks. Because of the newness of the topic, there has been no synthesized summary of the acceptance of the emerging delivery modes, although the importance of the topic has increased with the growth of home deliveries. To fill the knowledge gap, this research systematically reviewed the literature on the willingness to accept drone and robot deliveries using the two largest publication databases: Web of Science and SCOPUS. A total of 46 academic studies were reviewed with respect to their trends, study scope (i.e., type of mode, type of products, modeling framework, and background theories), and factors that positively and negatively affect the willingness. Based on the review, knowledge gaps and the corresponding future research directions were derived: (a) robot-related investigations have been understudied compared to drones; (b) research from the shipper perspective is necessary; (c) transportation and logistics planning-related factors (e.g., socio-economic factors, trip and shipment characteristics) should be investigated; (d) an investigation of users’ behaviors based on actual usage (rather than relying solely on hypothetical scenarios) is necessary; (e) regulatory aspects should be taken into account; and (f) the heterogeneity of products needs to be taken into consideration.
Do Engineering Instructors Teach Induced Travel? If Not, Why Not?
Authors: Ralph Kelcie , White Ellen Oettinger
Published: May 2024

As travel costs fall with new capacity, the quantity of travel increases. This concept—induced travel—has profound implications but remains unevenly embraced in practice. Do instructors teach it in transportation engineering classrooms? What explains their pedagogical decisions? Interviews with university instructors revealed remarkable variation. Whereas some featured induced travel as a key takeaway, others omitted the idea entirely. Instructors also varied in their willingness to critique standard engineering practices; some were largely uncritical while others sought to “counteract conventional wisdom.” In justifying their choices, instructors offered a range of overlapping concerns. Those who “believed” in induced travel but did not teach it often lacked expertise in the area and were uneasy teaching “soft” concepts. Because teaching was seen as a lower priority than conducting research, instructors had little motivation to overcome those challenges. Instructors also advanced pragmatic concerns about the need to prepare students for the Fundamentals of Engineering exam and their careers. Instructors who were more skeptical of induced travel wondered whether seemingly new travel was instead shifted or previously suppressed. Some of these instructors argued that even if new travel was indeed induced, engineers still had a responsibility to accommodate it. Finally, the contested language of induced travel can lead parties to talk past each other. “Believers” and “skeptics” sometimes have more in common than initially thought. However, there are still profound disagreements—about induced travel, standard engineering practices, and indeed the very purpose of engineering. In these debates it will be essential to operate from a shared vocabulary.
Bibliometrics analysis of hotspots research on infertility syndromes and polystyrene
Authors: Tan Yongpeng , Ji Lin , Mo Yi , Huang Hua , Lei Xiaocan
Published: May 2024

Polystyrene plastic pollution poses a pressing environmental concern and represents a significant risk factor for infertility. Despite this, a comprehensive overview of the field remains scarce, with future trends largely unknown. Bibliometrics, an applied mathematical and statistical method, offers a means to analyze textual information across various levels, facilitating quantitative assessments of all knowledge carriers and unveiling the nature and developmental trajectories of a discipline. This study aimed to employ bibliometric methods to scrutinize the current status and research hotspots within the realm of polystyrene and infertility. Literature spanning from 1980 to 2023 pertaining to polystyrene and infertility was retrieved from the core database of Web of Science. Quantitative analyses were conducted utilizing CiteSpace (version 5.7.R7), VOSviewer (version 1.6.18.0), and an online literature analysis website ( https://bibliometric.com/ ). The analysis visually represented countries, institutions, authors, journals, and keywords within the field. This study delved into the development history, knowledge structure, research hotspots, and potential trends in the field, furnishing a macro perspective for researchers. The investigation encompassed 267 articles published across 120 journals by 1,352 authors affiliated with 417 institutions in 51 countries, with these articles garnering 10,310 citations across 2,811 journals. The top three countries contributing the most articles were China, the United States, and Germany. In essence, the research hotspots primarily revolved around metabolism, endocrinology, and immunity. Despite China’s relatively recent entry into this field, its rapid development is evident. However, the low citation frequency suggests a need for improved article quality.
The Association Between Food Insecurity and Intimate Partner Violence Among U.S. Army Soldiers
Authors: Beymer Matthew R. , Rabbitt Matthew P.
Published: May 2024

Food insecurity in the military ranges between 25% and 33%, significantly higher than the 10.5% for civilians reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the association between food insecurity and intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among U.S. Army Soldiers. The secondary objective is to determine if there are any moderating effects in the relationship between food insecurity and IPV victimization by demographic, financial, and mental health covariates. A cross-sectional, online survey was administered by the U.S. Army Public Health Center at an Army installation in 2019; 56% of respondents reported that they were married or in a relationship ( n = 2,740). The main predictor was the two-item food insecurity screener (Hunger Vital Signs), which measures marginal food insecurity (encompassing marginal, low, and very low food security). The main outcome was IPV victimization as measured by the Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream scale. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between marginal food insecurity and IPV victimization, controlling for demographic, financial, and mental health covariates. In a multivariable model, marginally food insecure respondents had 2.05-fold greater adjusted odds of reporting any IPV victimization when compared to highly food secure respondents (95% confidence interval [1.40, 3.00]). The only interaction that was statistically significant was between anxiety and food insecurity on IPV victimization ( p = .0034). Interactions by soldier’s military rank, birth sex, and race and ethnicity were not statistically significant. IPV has implications for the emotional and physical health of survivors. In addition, service members who are food insecure may experience similar decrements in emotional and physical health due to suboptimal nutrient intake. By addressing both food insecurity and IPV, the military has the potential to increase the overall well-being of its service members and their dependents.
Latent Profiles of Co-occurring Sexual Problems and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Young Women Exposed to Sexual Violence
Authors: Lipinski Alexandra J. , Beck J. Gayle
Published: May 2024

Sexual dysfunctions (SDs) have been noted to occur following exposure to sexual violence although how these conditions covary with other mental health conditions, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS), is relatively understudied. The current study examined patterns of co-occurring SDs and PTSS in a sample of 328 college-aged, female-identified survivors of adolescent/early adulthood sexual assault (ASA). Latent profile analysis was used to examine patterns of symptom endorsement of various types of SDs and PTSS at the symptom cluster level. Four profiles were identified: asymptomatic (41.2% of sample), sexually distressed + intrusions (24.7%), co-occurring (21%), and PTSS (13.1%). Profiles were compared to one another on various characteristics of sexual assault and social reactions from others following assault disclosure. Results indicated that those in the co-occurring symptom and PTSS profiles reported more severe ASA and more unsupportive social responses relative to the sexually distressed + intrusions and asymptomatic profiles. The asymptomatic profile was significantly less likely to have experienced rape relative to the other three profiles and was less likely to report instances where a close other treated them in a negative manner following assault disclosure. Results are discussed in light of mental health needs for young women who have experienced ASA, with implications discussed for future research and clinical services for university students.
Examining the Risks of Multiple Types of Interpersonal Victimization for Transgender and Gender Non-Conforming College Students
Authors: Daigle Leah E. , Felix Shanna N. , Muñoz Raven B. , Hancock Katelyn P. , Oesterle Daniel W. , Gilmore Amanda K.
Published: May 2024

Recent research has shown that transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) individuals are at risk of experiencing interpersonal violence, yet there may be differences within this group and across victimization types. The current study examined rates of seven types of interpersonal victimization based on six gender identities (cisgender women, cisgender men, trans women, trans men, nonbinary, and another identity) among a national study of college students. Data from the Spring 2021 American College Health Association’s National College Health Assessment III (ACHA-NCHA III), a national-level study of U.S. college students, were used. We examined the association between gender identity and seven types of interpersonal violence victimization (violent victimization, sexual victimization, intimate partner violence victimization, stalking, bullying, microaggression, and discrimination) that occurred within the past 12 months. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine if, when controlling for competing factors, gender identity was associated with an increase in the expected odds of victimization for each victimization type. Analyses revealed that TGNC college students reported experiencing a greater amount of all seven types of victimization compared to cisgender college students. These findings corroborate previous research indicating that rates of interpersonal violence are higher among TGNC college students compared to those who identify as cisgender, even after controlling for sexual orientation, related demographic factors, and substance use. Findings from the current study suggest that there are differences within individuals who identify as TGNC in terms of their risk for interpersonal victimization and that rates differ across victimization types. More work is needed to provide tailored prevention programming for TGNC college students.
Typing or Speaking? Comparing Text and Voice Answers to Open Questions on Sensitive Topics in Smartphone Surveys
Authors: Höhne Jan Karem , Gavras Konstantin , Claassen Joshua
Published: May 2024

The smartphone increase in web surveys, coupled with technological developments, provides novel opportunities for measuring attitudes. For example, smartphones allow the collection of voice instead of text answers by using the built-in microphone. This may facilitate answering questions with open answer formats resulting in richer information and higher data quality. So far, there is only a little body of research investigating voice and text answers to open questions. In this study, we therefore compare the linguistic and content characteristics of voice and text answers to open questions on sensitive topics. For this purpose, we ran an experiment in a smartphone survey ( N = 1001) and randomly assigned respondents to an answer format condition (text or voice). The findings indicate that voice answers have a higher number of words and a higher number of topics than their text counterparts. We find no differences regarding sentiments (or extremity of answers). Our study provides new insights into the linguistic and content characteristics of voice and text answers. Furthermore, it helps to evaluate the usefulness and usability of voice answers for future smartphone surveys.
Innovative tool designs to improve formability in case of single point incremental forming
Authors: Dewangan Yogesh Kumar , Banjare Ritesh , Bandyopadhyay Kaushik
Published: May 2024

Single point incremental forming (SPIF) is one of the dieless sheet metal forming processes that offer flexibility in the customized fabrication of required parts. Improvement in formability in the case of SPIF has been one of the burning issues in the metal-forming fraternity in the past decades. In the present study, different tool tip geometries, namely hemispherical, elliptical, en-grooved, and triangular tool tips, were employed in the SPIF of 0.8 mm thick CRCA (cold rolled close annealed) steel, and the influence on the forming height was assessed in reference to the commonly used hemispherical tool tip. It was observed that tool geometry has a significant influence on forming height obtained with SPIF, and a maximum of 27% increase in forming height was observed with the en-grooved tool tip with a considerable reduction in the forming force required.
Neonatal Endotracheal Intubation: Comparison of Existing Formulae for Accuracy
Authors: Swaminathan Sreelakshmi , Malavika K. , Gutjahr Georg , Varughese Pearl Mary , Bendapudi Perraju
Published: May 2024

Background

There are several formulae proposed to calculate the ideal depth of insertion of the endotracheal tube (ETT) in neonates, none of which are universally accurate. Our objective is to identify the most accurate of these formulae and to determine the most suitable formula for babies weighing less than 1 kg.

Methods

This is a retro-prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. All intubated babies, irrespective of their gestational age, were included in this study. Those with congenital airway anomalies or syndromes with involvement of the upper airway and those who required short-term ventilation restricted to the theatre complex were excluded. The ideal insertion depth was determined via a chest X-ray (CXR) with the ETT projecting between thoracic vertebrae 2 and 3. Predictions from eight formulae investigated in the Indian population were analysed using paired Wilcoxon tests and Bland–Altman plots.

Results

The sample size was 83, of which 16 weighed less than 1 kg. Neither weight-based nor naso-tragal length (NTL)-based formulae were universally accurate in the prediction of the ideal depth of insertion, and using either of the formulae resulted in a high rate of malpositioning. Amongst the NTL-based formulae, Tatwavedi and Singh’s adjustments worked better than the original.

Conclusion

The currently available formulae remain inaccurate in the prediction of the ideal length of insertion of ETT, more so in babies less than 1 kg in our study population.
Musculoskeletal Disorders and Psychosocial Stress at Work: A Comprehensive Study on Indian Nurses
Authors: Chowdhury Upasana , Das Tamal , Mazumder Sahana , Gangopadhyay Somnath
Published: May 2024

Background

Nurses’ physical and mental well-being is crucial for prompt patient-care service. While research has been conducted on the specific causes of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and occupational stress among Indian nurses, a comprehensive picture considering all these variables is still lacking. This study investigated MSD prevalence and psychosocial stress levels among female nurses in West Bengal, India, and the connections between these factors and MSDs.

Methods

The study was performed in nine different hospitals and nursing homes in West Bengal, India. The modified Nordic questionnaire and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) were used. The body height, body weight, BMI, pulse rate and blood pressure of the subjects were measured using an anthropometer, a weighing machine and a digital blood pressure monitor, respectively.

Results

80.9% of subjects reported that they had discomfort in the past 12 months, with the highest percentage (52.1%) of complaints of low-back pain. From COPSOQ, concerning mean values were found in the demand scales and general health. The presence of different discomforts was found to be significantly related to various scales of COPSOQ.

Conclusion

Increased cognitive, quantitative and sensorial demands were found to be major contributors to the high prevalence of MSDs among nurses in this study. As the well-being of nurses is pivotal for maintaining well-ordered health systems, regular follow-ups on their physical and psychological health are necessary.
The Impact of Digital Economy on Employment in Countries Along the Belt and Road
Authors: Liu Qian , Li Jing , Kang Ning
Published: May 2024

The digital economy is emerging as a pivotal driver for fostering the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). It also has noticeable impacts on employment. This study utilized panel data from countries along the Belt and Road from 2010 to 2021 to investigate this nexus. First, an evaluation index system was established to assess the digital economy’s development level. Subsequently, the entropy method was employed to measure the development level of the digital economy among countries along the Belt and Road. Then, it empirically examined the impact of the development of the digital economy on employment in countries along the Belt and Road. The study revealed that the overall impact of digital economy development on employment rate promotion was significant; however, disparities exist among different income groups of countries. In light of this, to enhance the employment situation in countries along the Belt and Road and facilitate the digital economy’s contribution to its development, this article proposes three suggestions: (a) Directing investment for digital economy development; (b) enhancing the development of digital talents; (c) advancing digital innovation and cooperation.

JEL Classification F062.4
Continuation or maintenance ECT for schizophrenia: A narrative review of case report data
Authors: Egan Olivia , Talbot Daniel , Mayur Prashanth , Harris Anthony
Published: May 2024

Objective

This review aimed to address the limited evidence on the efficacy of continuation or maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (C/M-ECT) in schizophrenia, with a focus on international case reports and series due to the scarcity of randomised controlled trials.

Materials and Methods

Electronic database searches were conducted to identify case reports or series evaluating the efficacy of C/M-ECT in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.

Results

C/M-ECT treatment span varied from 3 months to 36 years ( Median = 30 months; M = 43.9 months; SD = 63.0) and was effective in maintaining remission for most patients with schizophrenia in combination with antipsychotic medication. Reporting of adverse events including cognitive adverse effects was infrequent.

Conclusions

Collation of case reports and series data indicated that C/M-ECT, when combined with antipsychotics, appears to be a safe and effective strategy for maintaining remission, even over several years. Caution is warranted due to the potential influence of publication bias.
An overview of mycotoxicoses in rabbits
Authors: Tsouloufi Theodora K.
Published: May 2024

Mycotoxicoses are usually a consideration in large animal species but can affect companion animals as well. Due to increasing interest and the ease of using rabbits as laboratory models, a growing number of published experimental studies discuss the effects of various mycotoxins on this species. However, the available evidence is fragmented and heterogeneous, and has not recently been collated in a review, to my knowledge. Although mycotoxicoses in rabbits are typically subclinical, clinical signs can include weight loss, anorexia, gastrointestinal disorders, stunted growth, reproductive abnormalities, and susceptibility to infections. An antemortem diagnosis typically relies on a comprehensive clinical history, and assessment of clinical signs and relevant laboratory findings, with confirmation of exposure achieved through the measurement of mycotoxin concentrations in feed or target organs. My review focuses on the clinicopathologic and histopathologic effects of the mycotoxins most important in rabbits, including fumonisins, ochratoxins, aflatoxins, trichothecenes, and zearalenone. This review offers a thorough overview of the effects of mycotoxins in rabbits, serving as a one-stop resource for veterinary practitioners, diagnosticians, and researchers.
Disparities in Palliative Care Use for Patients With Blood Cancer Who Died in the Hospital
Authors: Hsieh Tien-Chan , Yeo Yee Hui , Zou Guangchen , Zhou Chan , Ash Arlene
Published: May 2024

Background: Palliative care can enhance quality of life during a terminal hospitalization. Despite advances in diagnostic and treatment tools, blood cancers lag behind solid malignancies in palliative use. It is not clear what factors affect palliative care use in blood cancer. Methods: We used the 2016 to 2019 National Inpatient Sample to identify demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with receiving palliative care among patients over age 18 with any malignant hematological diagnosis during a terminal hospitalization lasting at least 3 days, excluding those receiving a stem cell transplant. Results: Palliative care use was documented 54% of the time among 49,720 weighted cases (9944 distinct individual hospitalizations), approximately evenly distributed across the years 2016-2019. Palliative care use was lowest in 2016 (51%) and highest in 2018 (58%), and increased with age, reaching 58% for those 80 years and older. Men and women were similarly likely to receive care. Patients of Hispanic ethnicity and African Americans received less palliative care (47% and 49%, respectively), as did those insured by Medicaid (48%), and those admitted to small or rural hospitals (52% and 47%, respectively). Charges for hospitalizations with palliative care were 19% lower than for those without it. Conclusions: This study highlights disparities in palliative care use among blood-cancer patients who died in the hospital. It seems likely that many of the 46% who did not receive palliative care could have benefitted from it. Interventions are likely needed to achieve equitable access to ideal levels of palliative care services in late-stage blood cancer.
The Living and Growing Together Program: Effects on Parental Self-Efficacy and Positive Parenting Practices
Authors: Urbanowicz Agata M. , Shankland Rebecca , Turgon Roxane , Rance Jaynie , Bennett Paul , Gauchet Aurélie
Published: May 2024

A number of countries worldwide aim at developing parenting support programs designed to enhance positive parenting practices, and reduce violence against children to enable positive child development. This study aimed at assessing the efficacy of the Living and Growing Together® parenting support program on parental sense of competence and positive parenting practices, well-being, self-kindness, and coherence between parental values and behaviors. The quantitative results, measured through online questionnaires showed that, compared to the control group, the Living and Growing Together® participants reported increased parental sense of competence after the program, improved positive parenting practices, greater levels of well-being, self-kindness, and feeling of coherence between values and behaviors. The qualitative findings indicated that a majority of parents reported improved active listening abilities, emotional acceptance and understanding, use of play to enhance the relationship quality within the family, and finding creative solutions and alternatives to coercive child behavioral control. These results encourage further research on this program and its benefits on child development.
Multigenerational Resilience and Self-Esteem Among Caribbean Families
Authors: Donald Karina , Durrant Lorna , South Suzan , Holmes TaNica
Published: May 2024

This study seeks to explore the correlation between cross-generational resilience and self-esteem within Caribbean families. While Caribbean families prioritize multigenerational support, they confront significant stressors that may strain familial bonds and lead to trauma and stress-related disorders. Social stigma exacerbates these challenges, potentially impacting self-esteem and perpetuating generational effects. However, the relationship between family resilience and self-esteem remains unclear. A survey-based investigation involving 179 multigenerational Caribbean families was conducted. Each family completed a self-reported questionnaire assessing family stress levels, resilience, and self-esteem. The study revealed a notable association between family resilience and self-esteem. Families exhibiting higher resilience levels also demonstrated elevated self-esteem among their members. This research contributes to understanding self-esteem dynamics within Caribbean families, emphasizing the significant link between family resilience and individual self-esteem. It highlights the potential for generational impact. The findings underscore the necessity for culturally sensitive family life education and mental health support tailored to Caribbean families. Such initiatives are crucial for fostering the overall well-being of Caribbean families navigating unique challenges in their pursuit of resilience and self-esteem.
A 5-week Digital Intervention to Reduce Attention Problems in Children With ADHD: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kirk Hannah Elizabeth , Richmond Sally , Gaunson Tori , Bennett Meg , Herschtal Alan , Bellgrove Mark , Cornish Kim
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Growing evidence suggests digital interventions may provide neurocognitive benefits for children with ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a digital attention intervention in children with ADHD.

Method:

In this double-blind randomized controlled trial 55 children with ADHD (5–9 years) were allocated to the intervention ( N = 28) or control program ( N = 27). Both programs were delivered via touchscreen tablets at home 5 days a week for 5 weeks. The primary outcome was change in the Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) Attention Comparison Score (ACS) from pre- to post-intervention.

Results:

Participants who received the intervention had significantly greater improvements in the TOVA ACS from pre- to post-intervention than those in the control ( p < .044). No intervention effects were observed on secondary outcomes assessing executive functioning, ADHD symptoms, or functional impairment.

Conclusion:

Collectively these findings provide insufficient evidence for the implementation of digital attention interventions for children with ADHD.
Integration of Multi-Omics Data for the Classification of Glioma Types and Identification of Novel Biomarkers
Authors: Vieira Francisca G , Bispo Regina , Lopes Marta B
Published: May 2024

Glioma is currently one of the most prevalent types of primary brain cancer. Given its high level of heterogeneity along with the complex biological molecular markers, many efforts have been made to accurately classify the type of glioma in each patient, which, in turn, is critical to improve early diagnosis and increase survival. Nonetheless, as a result of the fast-growing technological advances in high-throughput sequencing and evolving molecular understanding of glioma biology, its classification has been recently subject to significant alterations. In this study, we integrate multiple glioma omics modalities (including mRNA, DNA methylation, and miRNA) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), while using the revised glioma reclassified labels, with a supervised method based on sparse canonical correlation analysis (DIABLO) to discriminate between glioma types. We were able to find a set of highly correlated features distinguishing glioblastoma from lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) that were mainly associated with the disruption of receptor tyrosine kinases signaling pathways and extracellular matrix organization and remodeling. Concurrently, the discrimination of the LGG types was characterized primarily by features involved in ubiquitination and DNA transcription processes. Furthermore, we could identify several novel glioma biomarkers likely helpful in both diagnosis and prognosis of the patients, including the genes PPP1R8, GPBP1L1, KIAA1614, C14orf23, CCDC77, BVES, EXD3, CD300A, and HEPN1. Collectively, this comprehensive approach not only allowed a highly accurate discrimination of the different TCGA glioma patients but also presented a step forward in advancing our comprehension of the underlying molecular mechanisms driving glioma heterogeneity. Ultimately, our study also revealed novel candidate biomarkers that might constitute potential therapeutic targets, marking a significant stride toward personalized and more effective treatment strategies for patients with glioma.
Multiobjective optimization of hydrostatic thrust bearing operating with electrorheological lubricant using Taguchi-fuzzy technique
Authors: Singh A. K. , Kumar V. , Singh S. J.
Published: May 2024

An electrorheological (ER) fluid falls in the category of a smart lubricant. In an ER lubricant, the dielectric microparticles are suspended in an insulating lubricant like silicon oil. The properties of ER fluids change when they encounter an external electric field. In the present study, the ER lubricant is modeled using a continuous Bingham model. The finite element method is utilized to solve the Reynolds equation to compute fluid film pressure and associated performance indices like load-carrying capacity, stiffness, and damping parameters of hydrostatic thrust bearing. In the present study, the influencing variables, that is, recess shapes, compensating elements, and strength of an electric field have been optimized using the fuzzy-based Taguchi optimization technique. The optimal combination of recess shape, compensating element, and electric field is required to enhance the performance of the hydrostatic thrust bearing. The authors attempt to see the interaction of the input variable by the trade-off study graph. A Taguchi fuzzy-based multipurpose optimization was proposed to optimize the performance indices and an optimal combination of compensating elements, recess shape, and electric field has been presented.
Understanding the influence of single bias reduction strategies on personal and systemic bias outcomes
Authors: Noland Elisabeth S. , Monteith Margo J.
Published: May 2024

Social psychological research has used strategies to increase recognition of and motivation to combat personal or systemic bias, but with little attention to whether single strategies might influence both personal and systemic outcomes. We investigated whether single strategies are effective in both bias domains and potential underlying mechanisms. Across two experiments, non-Black participants were exposed to information concerning (a) their personal racial biases, (b) multiple Black individuals’ discrimination experiences across institutional contexts, or (c) race-unrelated information (control condition). Discrimination experiences exposure (vs. control) increased recognition of systemic bias and motivation to combat both systemic and personal bias (Studies 1 and 2), and we found statistical support for empathy as a mediator (Study 2). In contrast, strategies for highlighting personal bias had weaker effects on personal bias outcomes and no effects on systemic bias outcomes. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of discrimination experiences exposure for combatting systemic and personal bias.