bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Industries coloniales en contexte impérial
Authors: Gouzévitch Dmitri , Gouzevitch Irina
Published: November 2024

Dans ce chapitre, le rapport entre le fait colonial et le fait industriel est exploré à partir d’un exemple de la fin du xviii e siècle, celui d’une machine à vapeur pour l’industrie sucrière cubaine inventée par l’ingénieur espagnol Augustin Betancourt. Cette histoire, qui défie les tendances dominantes, interprétatives et chronologiques des études sur les industries dans les colonies, est celle d’une invention technique pionnière et de son odyssée transocéanique sans précédent portée par une poignée d’individus – ingénieurs, entrepreneurs, propriétaires agricoles et penseurs réformistes – dont l’action symbolise communément l’éclosion de l’esprit des Lumières. Notre analyse, fondée sur des sources inédites, s’organise en trois volets qui éclairent les différentes facettes de l’affaire cubaine : les profils des protagonistes (inventeur, commanditaires, fabricant, médiateurs) et leurs motifs ; les hypothèses sur la genèse typologique de la machine de Betancourt ainsi que sur les modalités de sa fabrication et de son transport jusqu’à sa destination finale ; les aléas des dispositifs fabriqués et les causes de l’échec final de cette entreprise audacieuse. Enfin, la conclusion nous aide à réfléchir aux problèmes plus globaux qu’interpelle cette étude au-delà de l’histoire d’une invention avortée.
Industries coloniales en contexte impérial
Authors: Touchelay Marie-Christine
Published: November 2024

Citoyens depuis l’abolition de l’esclavage en 1848, les travailleurs de Guadeloupe n’ont pas le statut d’indigènes. Pourtant, l’industrie sucrière qui les emploie exploite le territoire et sa main-d’oeuvre au bénéfice de la métropole et des actionnaires de sociétés anonymes métropolitaines. Ordinaire dans une colonie, cette situation s’avère anachronique après la départementalisation. Elle est toutefois maintenue par un groupe d’industriels locaux en activité de l’entre-deux-guerres aux années 1970, groupe qui assure la continuité de l’activité face à trois menaces sérieuses : un cyclone en 1928, le second conflit mondial, puis le changement de statut en 1946.
Industries coloniales en contexte impérial
Authors: Zouya Mimbang Lucie
Published: November 2024

En 1953, la firme française Péchiney décida de réaliser sa première grosse implantation hors du territoire métropolitain, à Édéa, au Cameroun. Le choix de l’Afrique par l’une des grandes entreprises françaises des années 1950 s’explique par des considérations techniques et économiques : le développement rapide de la consommation d’aluminium dans le monde, la pénurie de ressources hydroélectriques en Europe et le profit escompté d’une mise en valeur des ressources hydrauliques du Cameroun. Mais il s’explique aussi par des considérations politiques : la perspective d’une invasion de l’Europe par l’Union soviétique, avec un repli stratégique sur l’Afrique.
Industries coloniales en contexte impérial
Authors: Cocoual Mathilde
Published: November 2024

Dans le cadre des 8 e Journées d’Histoire industrielle, « Les industries aux colonies, les indigènes en industrie ( xviii e - xx e siècles) », ce chapitre revient sur l’industrialisation de la parfumerie française et plus particulièrement grassoise dans les colonies. Afin de s’approvisionner en plantes à parfum, ces parfumeurs font appel à un grand nombre de travailleurs aux quatre coins du monde. En s’appuyant sur les implantations d’une société grassoise, les Établissements Antoine Chiris, cette étude dresse le portrait et la singularité de cette main-d’œuvre en fonction de son lieu d’embauche et de la plante à parfum concernée.
Industries coloniales en contexte impérial
Authors: Andrea Mounecif Radouan
Published: November 2024

Au début des années 1950, la pénurie de personnel était une problématique majeure pour le développement de l’industrie pétrolière au Sahara. Le recours des entreprises à la main-d’œuvre autochtone se révèle nécessaire pour faire face aux besoins opérationnels tout en limitant les frais d’activité. Dans un tel contexte, le « travailleur indigène » devient un acteur incontournable dans la période des grandes découvertes, en dépit du rôle éphémère qui lui est souvent attribué dans l’imaginaire collectif. Intégré aux chantiers durant la guerre d’Algérie, le personnel local recruté et formé par les entreprises contribue à assurer la continuité industrielle entre la colonisation et l’indépendance.
Industries coloniales en contexte impérial
Authors: Heyberger Laurent
Published: November 2024

La population pied-noire de la fin de la période coloniale a-t-elle bénéficié d’un niveau de vie supérieur à celui des métropolitains, ou au contraire, dans le cadre du pacte colonial qui interdisait le développement de l’industrie algérienne, a-t-elle connu un moindre niveau de vie ? L’histoire anthropométrique montre que la stature des Européens d’Algérie (conscrits) évolue alors au même rythme que celui des Méridionaux métropolitains dont sont issus une grande partie des Européens d’Algérie. Mais elle montre aussi que l’Algérie constitue une exception occidentale, dans la mesure où elle est le seul pays où les agriculteurs sont désormais plus grands que les cols-bleus, ce qui s’explique en partie par les retombées du pacte colonial, fondé alors sur le développement de la viticulture. Le cas algérien vient aussi éclairer le basculement séculaire entre le malus anthropométrique urbain caractéristique du xix e siècle et le bonus urbain caractéristique du xx e siècle : l’impact de l’industrialisation au sens large, et notamment l’impact modulé des mesures bactériologiques au tournant du siècle, expliquent en partie la géographie et la chronologie de ce basculement.
Discontinuous differential equation for modelling the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Fečkan Michal , Li Shan , Wang JinRong
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we were concerned with the existence of the solution related to the discontinuous differential equation, which corresponded to the stratification phenomenon in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). By considering the piecewise vorticity function, we demonstrated the existence of solution corresponding to the discontinuous differential equation using Green's function, fixed point theory, and topological degree theory. This primarily included cases with piecewise constant vorticity, piecewise linear vorticity, and piecewise nonlinear vorticity. Additionally, we provided some examples to verify our results.
Characteristics of the micropseudokarst landforms in Pâclele Mari mud volcanic area (Romania)
Authors: Moga Janos , Fehér Katalin , Strat Daniela
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we present the results of the geomorphological study of the micro pseudokarst landfoms developed on Pâclele Mari mud volcanic site that belongs to the famous mud volcanic area Berca-Arbănași, Buzău Subcarpathians, Romania. Different types of pseudokarstic cavity formation can be observed in the area, especially in the sloping periphery of the mud volcanic area, where badlands developed (badland pseudokarst), and rheogene pseudokarst in the mud flows. The liquid mud material gets denser and wimple on the surface of the mud that flows in the trough, it compiles and then covers the liquid mud channel. These micro-size covered tunnels are similarly formed as lava tubes at the lava flows of real volcanic areas. In order to complement the field measurements, we carried out surveys with a DJI Phantom 3 and 4, and Mavic Pro quadcopter to determine the landforms for the photogrammetry. Granular composition tests were carried out on sediment samples collected in the mud volcanic area by a laser diffraction particle analyser.
Organosilane Modification of Lignin and Lignosulfonate: Structure and Compatibility in PVDF Membrane
Authors: Mu'izzah Nala Ridhwanul , Saputra Elva Yoga , Nugroho Roshid Adi , Wartono Muhamad Widyo , Pramono Edi
Published: November 2024

The high difference in surface tension between the filler and the polymer often constrains membrane compatibility. To reduce the surface tension, organosilane such as GPTMS is usually used to improve miscibility. In this study, GPTMS was introduced to produce lignin-GPTMS (LG) and lignosulfonate-GPTMS (LsG). The modification was done by reacting lignin and lignosulfonate with GPTMS using ethanol as the media. The product was characterized using Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and microscope. The success of functionalization was shown in FTIR spectra with the vibration of Si-O at 1034 cm-1 and 528 cm-1. The XRD analysis presents that the filler material has an amorph and crystalline structure. The functionalization using a 2:1 ratio increases zeta potential absolute and particle size due to the silane being a bridge and making a larger macromolecule. For a ratio of 1:1, a higher organosilane compound results in breaking siloxane linkages and making smaller molecules. Mixed LG and LsG into PVDF membrane conducted to analyze filler compatibility. The sulfonation and functionalization of GPTMS increase the compatibility of lignin in PVDF membrane with the best homogeneity achieved by a membrane with the addition of LsG 1:1.
Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Sambiloto Leaf Extracts and its Characteristics
Authors: Rupiasih Ni Nyoman , Imas Maria Yulni , Supardi I. Wayan , Putra I.K. , Syampurwadi Anung
Published: November 2024

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been successfully synthesized using aqueous sambiloto (Andrographis Paniculata Ness) leaf extract as a reducing agent. This method of synthesizing nanoparticles is called biosynthesis. Characterization was carried out using various techniques including UV-Vis, FTIR, and TEM. The results showed that the optimal synthesis ratio, i.e., AuCl3 solution : sambiloto leaf extract, was 30 µl : 10 ml with a synthesis rate of 0.159 a.u./h. The characteristic of the gold nanoparticles synthesized is that the surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelength is 529.00 nm; it was stable after 4 hours of synthesis and stayed until 24 hours at an SPR wavelength of 527.00-531.50 nm. The functional groups formed include O-H, aliphatic C-H, C=O stretch, aromatic C=C stretch, and C-O stretch. The size of the nanoparticles is in the range of 1-20 nm.
An Alternative Proof of Ptolemy’s Theorem and its Variations
Authors: Amarasinghe I. S.
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a pure geometric proof for Ptolemy’s Theorem, without using trigonometry, coordinate geometry, complex numbers, vectors or any other geometric inversion techniques focusing on cyclic quadrilaterals and employing a generalized identity in relation to a cevian of an arbitrary Euclidean plane triangle. Additionally, the paper provides proofs to the converse of Ptolemy’s Theorem to which almost no pure geometric complete proof is available, and to the standard Ptolemy’s Inequality, to fulfil the research gap in the proofs to some extent. It also includes applications, new corollaries, derived from Ptolemy’s Theorem and its converse.
A Comparison of Mental Well-being among Female Undergraduates in Sri Lanka based on Relationship Status
Authors: Gomes J. C. , Ponnamperuma L. , Hettiarachchi A.
Published: November 2024

The prevalence of depression, stress, and anxiety symptoms among Sri Lankan undergraduates has increased over the years, especially among females. However, there is limited research on the impact of romantic relationships on these symptoms as well as their quality of life. This study aims to compare the difference in levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life of female Sri Lankan undergraduates based on their relationship status. A random sample of 295 female undergraduates (18-29 years) purposively selected from Sri Lankan universities, which consist of 152 having no relationship (‘single’) and 143 having romantic relationship (‘relationship’) was taken for this study. An online survey that included a demographic questionnaire, the Sinhala translated version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) was utilized to obtain the necessary information. Results showed that there is a strong positive multicollinearity among depression, anxiety, and stress in female undergraduates. There are no significant differences in the mean score of anxiety and stress between the two groups even at the 10% level, but the mean score of depression of the single group (13.16) is significantly higher than that of the relationship group (10.74) at 10% level. Positive significant correlations were also found among six pairs within the four variables: physical, psychological, social relationships and environment in QoL among female undergraduates irrespective of the type of groups. The mean score for social relationship in ‘relationship’ group (63.69) is significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of ‘single’ group (50.05). This study reveals the intricate nature of relationships and mental health and highlights the need for investigations that consider different cultures.
Anti-Ma-2 associated encephalitis presenting as slowly progressive dementia and cerebellar atrophy
Authors: Ray Somdattaa , Kamath Vikram V , Ramesh Sowmya B
Published: November 2024

Cognitive impairment can be a manifestation of a neurodegenerative disease or may have a reversible etiology. Among reversible causes, metabolic, nutritional and autoimmune conditions are commonly evaluated. We report 43-year-old lady who presented with history of personality changes first noted three years back. Subsequently, she developed slowness in speech and activities of her daily living, hypersomnolence, dream enactment, unexplained weight gain and memory impairment. Cognitive assessment revealed poor delayed recall, impaired copying, calculation deficits and bradyphrenia. Mild bradykinesia and rigidity of upper limbs were also noted. MRI brain showed minimal cerebral atrophy and gross cerebellar atrophy. Blood investigation revealed strongly positive anti Ma-2 antibodies. Whole body PET-CT was negative. Ma-2 encephalitis is characterised by diencephalic, brainstem and /or limbic involvement. Presence of Ma-2 antibodies has strong link with malignancies, commonest being the testicular cancer. Anti- neuronal antibodies in association with progressive cognitive impairment in the absence of encephalitis like picture is increasingly being recognized. Although autoimmune work up is generally advocated for rapidly progressive dementia, this case highlights the need to consider antineuronal antibody evaluation in a young individual with longer duration of symptoms.
Auro-Keratoprosthesis for Visual Rehabilitation in Ocular Graft Versus Host Disease
Authors: Chaudhari Isha , Patel Nikunj Vinodbhai , Gupta Jaya , Sangwan Virender Singh , Acharya Manisha
Published: November 2024

A 36-year-old male presented with right eye graft melt post-penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for Aspergillus infection. The patient had a history of acute lymphocytic leukemia and had undergone a bone marrow transplant. He developed ocular graft versus host disease (GVHD) in both eyes and tissue adhesive application had to be performed for bilateral corneal melt. The right eye developed fungal keratitis, necessitating therapeutic keratoplasty. At presentation, the visual acuity was perception of light with an accurate projection of rays in the right eye and finger counting at 1 m in the left eye. An anterior chamber tap showed no organism on culture. Considering the non-ambulatory state of the patient and the need for early visual rehabilitation due to deteriorating mental well-being, a keratoprosthesis (KPro) surgery with amniotic membrane grafting was performed in the right eye. By post-operative day 20, the patient achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20. A PK was later performed in the other eye. It is conventionally believed that KPro is the last resort for bilateral corneal blindness and is commonly performed after multiple PK grafts have failed. However, this case highlights another indication of KPro in ocular GVHD; the rehabilitation of vision when PK will not work. In addition, this case illustrates the difference in the long-term outcomes between the two eyes, one that underwent early KPro surgery and the other that underwent early PK in ocular GVHD.
Corneal Compromise in Multiple Myeloma: A New Presentation
Authors: Agustina Borrone María , Camila Sacks , Verónica Luna Analía , Pavlovsky Astrid
Published: November 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with variable clinical presentations, including ocular manifestations affecting the cornea. This report describes an atypical corneal presentation in a 44-year-old male at the onset of MM, and highlights the ophthalmologist’s role in detecting systemic diseases. The patient was diagnosed elsewhere with corneal herpes simplex virus keratitis and nonspecific systemic pain. His exam showed a pseudodendritic-like epithelial defect, diffuse superficial keratitis, and stromal lesions. Further testing revealed MM, and treatment led to the resolution of ocular symptoms. This case underscores the importance of ophthalmologists in diagnosing systemic conditions like MM.
The Transition to Translation of Regenerative Solutions: A Review of Experimental Models for Corneal Ectatic Disorders
Authors: Puranik Charuta J. , Nicholson Maneck , Nubile Mario , Alió del Barrio Jorge L.
Published: November 2024

The cornea is a transparent avascular structure protecting the eye from the external environment and serving as a convex lens contributing to the power of the eye. Corneal ectasia can be caused by numerous risk factors such as eye rubbing and heredofamilial conditions as well as post-laser vision correction surgery such as laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, photorefractive keratectomy, and small incision lenticule extraction. With tremendous leaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of ectasia and its progression, regenerative medicine solutions for the same are in focus. Intrastromal scaffolds, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, use of secretomes for cell-free regeneration are all close to large-scale bedside translation. To assess the long-term integration and efficacy of these solutions, an appropriate experimental model is desirable. The most common animal model has been the rabbit. The article describes differences and similarities between rabbit and human corneas in size, development, and regenerative potential. We review the different in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models described in the literature, techniques of developing those, duration of observation methods of assessing their ectatic, topographic, and pachymetric features, and their biomechanical strength. Additionally, models that aimed at reducing the number of functional keratocytes although not strictly mimicking ectasia yet targeting therapies to alleviate the same are also included.
Investigating the efficiency of novel indicators in predicting risk of metabolic syndrome in the Iranian adult population
Authors: Bayatian Ayatollah , Jangi Allahwardi , Pargar Farideh , Bazyar Hadi , Aghamohammadi Vahideh
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Whether new anthropometric indicators are superior to conventional anthropometric indicators and whether they can better identify MetS in apparently healthy people needs further research. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the efficiency of novel indicators in predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Iranian adult population.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

In this cross-sectional study, 800 subjects were selected by clustered random sampling. The metabolic factors, traditional and novel anthropometric indices, the triglyceride and glucose index (TyG index) and modified TyG indices (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHR, and TyG-WHtR), and metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) were evaluated. The MetS was calculated according to the IDF criteria. To investigate the risk of MetS, logistic regression was used along with modeling.

RESULTS:

In all three models, all traditional anthropometric indices were associated with MetS (P < 0.001). Regarding novel anthropometric indices, all indices (except for ABSI) significantly predicted the risk of MetS in all participants before and after adjustment (P < 0.001). WTI index presented the highest Odds ratios for MetS (29.50, 95% CI: 15.53–56.03). A positive association was found in all models between TyG and modified TyG indices and METS-IR with MetS (P for all < 0.001). TyG-WHtR index presented the highest Odds ratios for MetS (70.07, 95% CI: 32.42–151.43).

CONCLUSION:

A combination of the TyG index and WHtR (TyG-WHtR index) was better than the TyG index alone, with a higher odds ratio in predicting MetS. Due to the simplicity of these indices, cost-effectiveness, and facility at small-scale labs and being predictive of MetS risk it is suggested to include these markers in clinical practice.
Uncovering the hidden burden: A mixed methods study on the implementation of depression screening among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus seeking health care in an urban primary health center of South India
Authors: Trivedi Ojaswini , Raghuveer Pracheth
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Diabetes is linked with depression, but screening rates for depression are low, indicating a need for periodic assessments among those with diabetes. The study aimed to determine depression prevalence and associated factors in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in an urban primary care setting of Karnataka, as well as implementation challenges in depression screening for persons with T2DM as perceived by healthcare providers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

A mixed-methods study was performed for 6 months in 2022–2023 at an Urban Primary Health Centre (UPHC) in Bengaluru. The sample size was calculated to be 110, and convenience sampling was applied to select persons with T2DM. The participants were screened for depression using Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Key informant interviews were performed among various health care providers of the UPHC. Data were captured using EpiCollect Version 5.0. Univariate logistic regression was performed to find the factors associated with depression.

RESULT:

Of the 110 participants, 60 (54.5%) screened positive for depression. Men had 0.474 (95% Confidence Intervals—CI: 0.126, 1.782) lesser odds of depression when compared with women (P = 0.269). Those with comorbidities had 1.975 more odds (95% CI: 0.538, 7.252) when compared with absence of comorbidities (P = 0.305). Statistically significant associations were not found with any of the factors. Key facilitators for screening were willingness to implement screening, empathetic attitude, and awareness of mental health, whereas the challenges included lack of training in mental health assessment and patient reluctance to adhere to treatment due to stigma.

CONCLUSION:

The study found that 54.5% of persons with T2DM seeking heath care at the UPHC screened positive for depression. Several challenges in implementing depression screening for T2DM in primary care settings were noted.
Medication safety knowledge and practice among nursing students: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital
Authors: Osuchukwu Easter C. , Agba Mathias , Osuchukwu Nelson C.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Medication safety is of paramount importance in nursing practice to ensure the accurate administration of medications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We conducted a parallel-group randomized controlled trial involving a control group (n = 119) and an intervention group (n = 119) of nursing students at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH). Randomization was achieved using computer-generated random numbers. The study design employed was a parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize participant characteristics, and inferential statistics were employed to compare outcomes between the control and intervention groups.

RESULTS:

Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge and practice of medication safety. In the control group, pre-intervention knowledge was 65.9%, increasing to 82.4% post-intervention. The intervention group exhibited an increase from 66.7% to 90.6% after targeted interventions. Practice assessments also yielded positive outcomes, with high medication safety practice rising from 52.1% to 65.5% in the control group, and from 56.3% to 80.7% in the intervention group post-intervention.

CONCLUSION:

This study underscores the dedication of nursing students to patient safety and affirms the effectiveness of both standard curriculum-based education and targeted interventions in enhancing medication safety knowledge and practice. Even the control group displayed notable competence, indicating the strength of the existing educational framework at UCTH. To further improve conditions and benefit the beneficiaries, we propose ongoing education and training for nursing students, as well as continued adherence to established protocols in medication safety within nursing education. These efforts will ultimately contribute to heightened patient care and safety in clinical settings.
Psychological empowerment-a mechanism for well-being of teachers: Psychometric evaluation of a tool
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumanta , Narad Anshu
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Psychologically empowered employees are more innovative and proactive. Individual well-being is greatly impacted by psychological empowerment. Examining school teachers’ “psychological empowerment” is important since it motivates them more than external circumstances and contributes to their well-being. Spreitzer’s “Psychological Empowerment Scale” (PES) is a well-known instrument used for this purpose. Scarcity of studies on teachers’ psychological empowerment and cultural differences in populations prompted the researcher to re-evaluate PES. This research would help bridge this gap by adapting PES to teachers and generating a valid and reliable measure of their psychological empowerment in India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Using convenient sampling, data was gathered from 498 secondary school teachers (age range of 30-55 years) in Assam (India) in 2023 for this cross-sectional study. IBM SPSS version 26 was used to conduct descriptive statistics, including Cronbach’s α for evaluating internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to investigate the factor structure of the instrument, followed by confirmation of factor structure via Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

RESULTS:

EFA provided considerable evidence of 4-factor structure, viz., meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact. The 12-item factor structure depicted good reliability and evidenced good model-fit indices values.

CONCLUSION:

Psychological empowerment (PE) scale with four factors and 12 items is a reliable and valid tool for assessing PE of Indian teachers. The scale can be a good resource for principals, educational administrators, and teachers themselves to assess overall as well as dimension-wise components of PE while norms development of PE as per Indian teachers is recommended.
Effectiveness of educational training program on the knowledge of COTPA Act among the nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Paul Sourabh , Nath Bhola , Seth Aswani K. , Pawar Neeraj , Chhabra Tarun
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Globally, tobacco is among the leading factors attributable to death. The nonteaching staff plays a pivotal role in making a campus a “tobacco-free zone.” The objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of an educational training program conducted on the Cigarette and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) 2003 among nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital.

METHODS AND MATERIALS:

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 nonteaching staff of a tertiary care hospital in the Raebareli district of Uttar Pradesh, India. An educational training program on COTPA 2003 was conducted in collaboration with the State Tobacco Control Cell. Data were collected before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the training program. A paired t-test was applied to compare both knowledge scores. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with knowledge scores.

RESULTS:

Around 187 (37.4%) security personnel, 198 (39.6%) housekeeping staff and 115 (23%) hospital attendants participated in the study. The pre-test mean (± standard deviation (SD)) knowledge score was 4.91 ± 1.59 whereas post-test mean (± SD) knowledge score was 7.91 ± 1.42. The pre-test knowledge score was associated with residence, age, and history of tobacco consumption of study participants. The female gender was associated with the pre-test knowledge score having a standardized coefficient -0.49 (P value = 0.009). The post-test knowledge score was associated with a history of tobacco consumption with a standardized coefficient of 0.42 (P value = 0.012).

CONCLUSION:

The educational training program improved the knowledge of the study participants with maximum improvement among the housekeeping staff. The history of tobacco consumption emerged as a significant factor affecting knowledge even after the training program.
Biomedical waste management among healthcare workers in a Primary Health Centre in Sikkim, India—A KAP study
Authors: Thapa Sunita , Laskar Nasrin B.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

“Biomedical waste (BMW) is the waste generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biologicals” (Management and Handling Rules, 1998 of India). As it is a source of dangerous diseases, the handlers need to have adequate knowledge about the same.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of biomedical waste management among healthcare workers in a Primary Health Centre and tested the association between KAP and selected variables. For this study, one PHC among six in Sikkim was purposively selected and all health providers attached with the PHC were assessed for KAP toward BMW Management. Data was summarized using SPSS version 27. Pearson’s Chi-square test (or Fisher’s exact test) was applied to find the association between KAP and selected variables (P < 0.05 was considered significant). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for the significant variables.

RESULTS:

The mean age of the study participants ranged from 36.42 ± 8.983 years. 66%, 66%, and 60% of healthcare workers had adequate knowledge scores, favorable attitude scores, and good practice scores in BMWM, respectively.

CONCLUSION:

A knowledge gap was observed among the supportive medical staff as there was a lack of formal training in BMWM. Training of not only medical officers but also for waste handlers should be conducted at the time of appointment as well as refresher trainings should be done for the overall health and safety of all waste handlers.
Trial by fire: The qualitative essence of interns’ baptism into medical responsibility
Authors: Yogesh M , Ekka Anurag , Gandhi Rohankumar , Damor Naresh
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

The transition from medical student to intern represents a challenging period of professional and personal development. This study aimed to explore junior doctors’ experiences navigating this critical passage.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

An exploratory qualitative study was conducted on a junior intern doctor working in a tertiary care hospital, in Gujarat. About 40 junior doctors participated in semi-structured interviews reflecting on their internship transition. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

RESULTS:

Perceived deficits in preparedness for clinical work and emotional readiness were a major theme. Interns felt underprepared in skills like clinical reasoning and procedures. The abrupt onset of patient care responsibility provoked anxiety and eroded confidence. Difficulty adapting to workplace culture and hierarchies was another challenge. Long work hours, unfamiliar team dynamics, and new professional relationships were demanding. The intensity of workload and patient care duties provoked overwhelming stress, fatigue, and burnout risk during the junior doctor transition. Peer support and mentoring facilitated adaptation. Enhanced undergraduate training in practical skills and professional competencies was advised to improve preparedness.

CONCLUSION:

Junior doctors face major challenges to their well-being, confidence, and competence as they transition into clinical practice. Support structures to ease this demanding passage of professional development are needed. Medical schools must strengthen curricula to address preparedness gaps. Improved onboarding and supervised orientation may also benefit new interns. Facilitating an optimal student-to-doctor transition has important implications for physician training, satisfaction, and retention.
Health literacy and tobacco cessation among hypertensive individuals: A mixed method study
Authors: Chauhan Darshan , Patel Dhruv , Yogesh M , Trivedi Nidhi
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hypertension and tobacco addiction are two major public health challenges in India that frequently coexist. About 30% of Indian adults have hypertension, while over one-fourth use some form of tobacco. So, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of tobacco consumption and identify associated socio-demographic factors among hypertensive patients in urban India and also further explored patient perspectives regarding tobacco use through qualitative interviews.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This mixed-method study was conducted among 305 hypertensive adults recruited from an urban tertiary hospital using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Additionally, 15 tobacco-consuming patients were purposively sampled for in-depth interviews regarding perceptions and behaviors related to tobacco. Descriptive statistics and multi-variable logistic regression models were applied for quantitative analysis and thematic analysis for qualitative data.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of ever tobacco use among hypertensive patients was 21%. Smokeless tobacco was the predominant form used. Male gender, urban locality, illiteracy, and lack of knowledge about tobacco hazards had a higher likelihood of tobacco consumption. Qualitative interviews provided complementary insights into triggers like peer influences and stress, barriers to quitting including withdrawal effects and system gaps, and participant perspectives on facilitating cessation.

CONCLUSION:

Tobacco consumption among hypertensives is higher than national averages. Tailored educational, motivational, and policy-level interventions addressing gaps in knowledge, risk perceptions, addiction behaviors, and cessation support systems can enable the promotion of tobacco abstinence and hypertension control in this vulnerable sub-group. The multi-method data provide actionable inputs for planning targeted control and prevention strategies addressing this dual burden.
The effectiveness of synchronous online clinics and conventional clinics among medical students: Assessing the influence of e-learning
Authors: Thomas Betsy , Radhakrishnan Sajith K. , Ramakrishnan Radha T.
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges that led to the development of on-line learning, emphasizing how important it is for students to have access to quality education. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of synchronous on-line and conventional clinics and the perception of students. This study was conducted over 12 months from November 2020. A total of 78 Phase 4 students were divided into six batches by convenient sampling based on roll numbers; each batch was again subdivided into two: Group A received conventional clinics and Group B received on-line synchronous clinics. Postsession multiple choice questions (MCQs) were conducted immediately after the session and again 2 weeks later to avoid recall bias. Perception was analyzed by Likert scale. The unpaired t-test was utilized for normally distributed continuous data and the Mann–Whitney U test for non-normally distributed or ordinal data to conduct statistical comparisons between the two groups. The assessment of e-learning between the two groups showed no significant difference, although the online group exhibited comparatively lower recall test scores compared to their post-test scores, even if not reach statistical significance. A significantly higher proportion of students in the conventional group expressed confidence in their exam performance and believed that traditional sessions were preferable for future learning endeavors. Most medical students stated that they preferred conventional clinics over e-learning education. Students felt that there was a difference between these two teaching methods’ perceived efficacy and general attitudes.
An evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, practice, and associated factors regarding oxygen therapy among resident doctors in a tertiary care teaching hospital: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Yogesh M , Kadalarasu D , Gandha Kapil , Gandhi Rohankumar
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Despite oxygen therapy guidelines, suboptimal practices prevail among front-line resident doctors, highlighting knowledge and attitudinal barriers. Mixed-methods research can inform tailored quality improvements. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of resident doctors regarding oxygen therapy, determine associated factors quantitatively, and explore experiences, barriers, and enablers qualitatively.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a convergent parallel mixed-methods study conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital. An analytical cross-sectional survey of 410 resident doctors assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices using a questionnaire. Qualitative phenomenology entailed in-depth interviews with 30 participants analyzing experiences and perspectives. Integration enabled corroborating and complementing findings. Logistic regression analysis and thematic analysis were used to make themes and subthemes.

RESULTS:

Most demonstrated suboptimal knowledge (78% or 320/410 good), attitudes (61.7% or 253/410 positive), and practices (47.8% or 196/410 good). Significant factors were gender, experience, workload perceptions, and device familiarity. Males had 5.5 times higher odds of good knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 5.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.25–10). Those perceiving workload impact had 13 times higher odds of positive attitudes (AOR 13, 95% CI 9.4–20.9). Qualitative themes highlighted inadequate skills and time constraints as barriers and protocolization and decision tools as enablers.

CONCLUSION:

Gaps exist in knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding oxygen therapy among resident doctors attributable to varied factors. Tailored quality improvement strategies addressing demonstrated barriers, such as enablement workshops, order set integration, and pulse oximetry audits, are recommended based on mixed-methods insights.
Knowledge and self-care behavior among heart failure patients in South India
Authors: D’Souza Prima Jenevive Jyothi , George Linu Sara , Paramasivam Ganesh , Devasia Tom , George Anice , Nayak Baby S. , Kusumavathi P
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Heart failure (HF) is a chronic condition with significant public health concerns. HF necessitates adequate knowledge and adherence to self-care for enhanced quality of life and decreased rehospitalization. This study aimed to explore knowledge and self-care behavior in patients with HF.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

The study was conducted in cardiology wards of a tertiary care hospital and the design was a randomized controlled trial. The baseline data (before the intervention) from 160 HF patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial were analyzed. Knowledge and self-care behavior were measured using the Dutch HF Knowledge Questionnaire (score ranging from 0 to 15) and European HF Self-care Behavior Scale-9 (score ranging from 0 to 100). Higher scores indicated better self-care behavior and knowledge. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation and inferential statistics such as independent sample t-test and ANOVA were performed.

RESULTS:

The majority (75.0%) were men with a mean age of 56.1 ± 7.9 years. A significant proportion had hypertension (65%), diabetes (58.7%), or both comorbidities (40.6%). Most exhibited a left ventricular ejection fraction <30% (60.6%) and New York Heart Association class II (43.1%). The mean knowledge and self-care behavior scores were 7.1 ± 2.0 and 45.0 ± 12.4, respectively. Over half of the participants had inadequate self-care behavior (51.2%), and 88.3% lacked sufficient knowledge about HF. Medication adherence was high (87.0%) among the participants, while only 3.1% reported regular weight monitoring and 32.3% exercised regularly.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was a lack of HF-related knowledge and inadequate self-care behavior for HF management. Effective interventions to improve disease-related knowledge may lead to better self-care behavior and improve clinical outcomes.
Sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV in women of reproductive age from Peru
Authors: Echenique Isaac , Chanduvi Willer , Ramos Willy , Saavedra-Velasco Marcos , De La Cruz-Vargas Jhony A. , Gutierrez Ericson L.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

To determine the sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV in women of reproductive age from Peru in 2021.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Analytical cross-sectional study. We analyzed a demographic and family health survey (ENDES) 2021 carried out in women of reproductive age (12 to 49 years of age). The dependent variables were the adequate level of knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV, the independents were sociodemographic variables. The statistical analysis was carried out with a Poisson regression model with robust variance obtaining the adjusted prevalence ratio (PRa) and confidence intervals.

RESULTS:

Thirty-four percent (CI 95%: 32,9–35,1) had an adequate level of knowledge about HIV and 32,9% (CI 95%: 31,7–34,0) had adequate attitudes. In the multivariate analysis, the main variables associated with the adequate level of knowledge about HIV were the higher level of education (PRa = 1,19; CI 95%: 1,15–1,23) and very rich wealth quintile (PRa = 1,15; CI 95%: 1,01–1,20); while the main variables associated with adequate attitudes on HIV were higher level of education (PRa = 1,44; CI 95%: 1,40–1,48), high-school education level (PRa = 1,21; CI 95%; 1,18–1,24), very rich wealth quintile (PRa = 1,18; CI 95%: 1,14–1,22), and age range between 35 and 49 years (PRa = 1,18; CI 95%: 1,15–1,21).

CONCLUSIONS:

The sociodemographic factors associated with knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV in Peruvian women of reproductive age were mainly higher level of wealth, higher level of education, and a higher age range. Other sociodemographic variables presented a weak association with knowledge and adequate attitudes about HIV.
Caregiver-centric interventions for family carers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in India – A scoping review
Authors: Balachandran Krishna Priya , Bhuvaneswari Mohanraj
Published: November 2024

Caregiving for children with neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs) can be a lifelong process that takes hold of an individual’s time, energy, and resources. This raises a question about the caregivers’ needs and concerns and the extent to which they receive medical or psychological attention during caregiving. This scoping review examines the psychosocial interventions conducted in India for caregivers of children with NDDs. The search strategy involved analyzing published literature on interventions for caregivers of children with NDDs in India from online databases from 2013 to March 2023. Sixteen intervention studies were identified and categorized into child-centric, caregiver-centric, and family-based approaches. Most studies were limited to thesis publications and lacked peer-reviewed publications. However, there has been a gradual increase in caregiver-centric intervention studies since 2019, focusing on alleviating distress and promoting caregiver well-being. Approximately 87.5% (14 out of 16 studies) adopted intervention components focusing on the caregiver’s outcomes and well-being. It can be concluded from the review that more applied research on caregiver-centric interventions is needed in India, focusing on the caregivers’ concerns in depth. The study will provide insights into the importance of practicing caregiver-centric interventions and recommend healthcare providers and policymakers initiate policies, provisions, and programs that benefit the caregiver community.
Unseen crisis: Revealing the hidden health impact of indoor air pollution—A scoping review
Authors: Chavan Ranjana G. , Kaur Jasneet , Charan Gopal S.
Published: November 2024

Indoor air pollution presents a critical public health challenge, particularly in countries such as India, where millions are exposed to harmful pollutants within their homes and workplaces. This scoping review delves into the multifaceted impacts of indoor air pollution on health outcomes, synthesizing evidence from various study designs and geographical regions A scoping review was conducted. Drawing on a comprehensive search strategy, which yielded 320 records, wherein 120 in PubMed, 108 in Web of Science, and 92 in SCOPUS. Ten studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, totaling a sample size of 37,43166 individuals. The synthesis of findings from the selected studies reveals the multifaceted impact of indoor air pollution on health status. Respiratory symptoms and illnesses were found to be prevalent among individuals exposed to indoor pollutants, with biomass fuel combustion posing a particularly high risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in women. In addition, indoor air pollution was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system impacts, cognitive impairment, and developmental delays. Urgent action is needed to reduce indoor air pollution, safeguard health, and promote cleaner technologies for healthier indoor environments. Vulnerable populations, such as women, children, and the elderly, are disproportionately affected by indoor pollutants, highlighting the importance of targeted interventions and policies.