bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flying on their own wings: young and adult cuckoos respond similarly to long-distance displacement during migration
Authors: Thorup Kasper , Vega Marta Lomas , Snell Katherine Rachel Scotchburn , Lubkovskaia Regina , Willemoes Mikkel , Sjöberg Sissel , Sokolov Leonid V. , Bulyuk Victor
Published: May 2020

Common cuckoos Cuculus canorus are obligate nest parasites yet young birds reach their distant, species-specific wintering grounds without being able to rely on guidance from experienced conspecifics – in fact they never meet their parents. Naïve marine animals use an inherited navigational map during migration but in inexperienced terrestrial animal migrants unequivocal evidence of navigation is lacking. We present satellite tracking data on common cuckoos experimentally displaced 1,800 km eastward from Rybachy to Kazan. After displacement, both young and adult travelled similarly towards the route of non-displaced control birds. The tracking data demonstrate the potential for young common cuckoos to return to the species-specific migration route after displacement, a response so far reported exclusively in experienced birds. Our results indicate that an inherited map allows first-time migrating cuckoos to locate suitable wintering grounds. This is in contrast to previous studies of solitary terrestrial bird migrants but similar to that reported from the marine environment.
Alterations to neuromuscular properties of skeletal muscle are temporally dissociated from the oxygen uptake slow component
Authors: Gajanand Trishan , Conde Alonso Sonia , Ramos Joyce S. , Antonietti Jean-Philippe , Borrani Fabio
Published: May 2020

To assess if the alteration of neuromuscular properties of knee extensors muscles during heavy exercise co-vary with the SCV ($${\dot{{\rm{V}}}{\rm{O}}}_{2}$$V̇O2 slow component), eleven healthy male participants completed an incremental ramp test to exhaustion and five constant heavy intensity cycling bouts of 2, 6, 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Neuromuscular testing of the knee extensor muscles were completed before and after exercise. Results showed a significant decline in maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque only after 30 minutes of exercise (−17.01% ± 13.09%; p < 0.05) while single twitch (PT), 10 Hz (P10), and 100 Hz (P100) doublet peak torque amplitudes were reduced after 20 and 30 minutes (p < 0.05). Voluntary activation (VA) and M-wave were not affected by exercise, but significant correlation was found between the SCV and PT, MVC, VA, P10, P100, and P10/P100 ratio, respectively (p < 0.015). Therefore, because the development of the SCV occurred mainly between 2–10 minutes, during which neuromuscular properties were relatively stable, and because PT, P10 and P100 were significantly reduced only after 20-30 minutes of exercise while SCV is stable, a temporal relationship between them does not appear to exist. These results suggest that the development of fatigue due to alterations of neuromuscular properties is not an essential requirement to elicit the SCV.
Impact of endophyte inoculation on the morphological identity of cultivars of Lolium perenne (L) and Festuca arundinacea (Schreb.)
Authors: Patterson J. D. , Lafaillette F. , Wöster S. , Roulund N. , Charrier S. , Gilliland T. J.
Published: May 2020

Grass endophytes have been shown to confer enhanced environmental resilience to symbiont cultivars with reports of modified growth. If inoculating with an endophyte (E+) made an accession morphologically distinct from its registered endophyte free (E−) accession, there could be protection and ownership issues for testing authorities and breeders. This study investigated if, in official Plant Breeders Rights (PBR) field trials, the morphological characteristics of E+and E− accessions of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue cultivars were sufficiently modified to designate them as mutually distinct and also distinct from their definitive accessions (Def), held by the testing authorities. Testing perennial ryegrass on 17 characters at 2 sites generated 48,960 observations and for tall fescue on 9 characters at 1 site, 12,960 observations (each for 3 accessions of 4 cultivars × 60 plants × 2 growing cycles). Distinctness required a p < 0.01 difference in a single character from the combined over years analysis (COYD). A few significant differences were recorded between E− and E+accessions. Cultivar Carn E+ was smaller than Carn E− for Infloresence Length (p < 0.01) in both years but COYD analysis (p < 0.05) was insufficient to declare distinctiveness. Overall, the number of observed differences between E−/E+ accessions was less or similar to the number expected purely by chance. In contrast, comparisons between Def and E− or E+ accessions showed a number of significant differences that were substantially more numerous than expected by chance. These results showed no conclusive evidence of endophyte inclusion creating false PBR distinctions but unexpectedly, several E− and E+ accessions were distinguished from their official definitive stock.
A new approach to dispersing and stabilizing graphene in aqueous nanofluids of enhanced efficiency of energy-systems
Authors: Hassanloo H. , Sadeghzadeh S. , Ahmadi R.
Published: May 2020

Owing to its severe hydrophobicity, graphene (G) as on dispersed in a fluid usually deposits therein after a short interval of time. Understanding the G-behavior and the factors affecting its deposition could pave a way for creating a substantially stable nanofluid (NF). In this work, a novel method of stabilizing a G-NF is described with selective examples. The results can be extended to develop the science and technology of G-NFs in general. Electrohydrodynamic forces are used as a controlling factor in the presence of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Contrary to common chemical methods employed for preparing G-NFs, which depend on establishing bonds between the components, the physical method introduced in this article could be used as a novel approach not only to dispersing G in a fluid carrier but also to resolve the common problems originating from utilizing such chemical methods as increasing thermal resistance through adding various types of surfactants. The effects of various factors on the stability of the G-NFs are described. By increasing 50%, 100% and 170% of G, the G sitting rate increased by 43%, 82%, and 109%, respectively. With the addition of one, two and three layers to a G-monolayer, the G sitting rate grew by 77%, 153%, and 263%, respectively. Further, the G-behavior in the presence of MNPs and varied intensive electric fields were studied to optimize an electric field that could stabilize a single-layer G sheet in aqueous NFs. Adding MNPs promptly stabilizes a water/ethylene glycol/G NF in an applied electric field of 0.05 V/Å.
Carbon threads sweat-based supercapacitors for electronic textiles
Authors: Lima Nuno , Baptista Ana C. , Faustino Bruno M. Morais , Taborda Sofia , Marques Ana , Ferreira Isabel
Published: May 2020

Flexible and stretchable energy-storage batteries and supercapacitors suitable for wearable electronics are at the forefront of the emerging field of intelligent textiles. In this context, the work here presented reports on the development of a symmetrical wire-based supercapacitor able to use the wearer’s sweat as the electrolyte. The inner and outer electrodes consists of a carbon-based thread functionalized with a conductive polymer (polypyrrole) which improves the electrochemical performances of the supercapacitor. The inner electrode is coated with electrospun cellulose acetate fibres, as the separator, and the outer electrode is twisted around it. The electrochemical performances of carbon-based supercapacitors were analyzed using a simulated sweat solution and displayed a specific capacitance of 2.3 F.g−1, an energy of 386.5 mWh.kg−1 and a power density of 46.4 kW.kg−1. Moreover, cycle stability and bendability studies were performed. Such energy conversion device has exhibited a stable electrochemical performance under mechanical deformation, over than 1000 cycles, which make it attractive for wearable electronics. Finally, four devices were tested by combining two supercapacitors in series with two in parallel demonstrating the ability to power a LED.
Proteomic Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells Implicated in Cellular Transformation
Authors: Servage Kelly A. , Stefanius Karoliina , Gray Hillery Fields , Orth Kim
Published: May 2020

Extracellular vesicles secreted from tumor cells are functional vehicles capable of contributing to intercellular communication and metastasis. A growing number of studies have focused on elucidating the role that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles play in spreading pancreatic cancer to other organs, due to the highly metastatic nature of the disease. We recently showed that small extracellular vesicles secreted from pancreatic cancer cells could initiate malignant transformation of healthy cells. Here, we analyzed the protein cargo contained within these vesicles using mass spectrometry-based proteomics to better understand their makeup and biological characteristics. Three different human pancreatic cancer cell lines were compared to normal pancreatic epithelial cells revealing distinct differences in protein cargo between cancer and normal vesicles. Vesicles from cancer cells contain an enrichment of proteins that function in the endosomal compartment of cells responsible for vesicle formation and secretion in addition to proteins that have been shown to contribute to oncogenic cell transformation. Conversely, vesicles from normal pancreatic cells were shown to be enriched for immune response proteins. Collectively, results contribute to what we know about the cargo contained within or excluded from cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles, supporting their role in biological processes including metastasis and cancer progression.
Raman Spectroscopy Enables Non-Invasive Identification of Peanut Genotypes and Value-Added Traits
Authors: Farber Charles , Sanchez Lee , Rizevsky Stanislav , Ermolenkov Alexei , McCutchen Bill , Cason John , Simpson Charles , Burow Mark , Kurouski Dmitry
Published: May 2020

Identification of specific genotypes can be accomplished by visual recognition of their distinct phenotypical appearance, as well as DNA analysis. Visual identification (ID) of species is subjective and usually requires substantial taxonomic expertise. Genotyping and sequencing are destructive, time- and labor-consuming. In this study, we investigate the potential use of Raman spectroscopy (RS) as a label-free, non-invasive and non-destructive analytical technique for the fast and accurate identification of peanut genotypes. We show that chemometric analysis of peanut leaflet spectra provides accurate identification of different varieties. This same analysis can be used for prediction of nematode resistance and oleic-linoleic oil (O/L) ratio. Raman-based analysis of seeds provides accurate genotype identification in 95% of samples. Additionally, we present data on the identification of carbohydrates, proteins, fiber and other nutrients obtained from spectroscopic signatures of peanut seeds. These results demonstrate that RS allows for fast, accurate and non-invasive screening and selection of plants which can be used for precision breeding.
Independent Predictors of Mortality for Aeromonas Necrotizing Fasciitis of Limbs: An 18-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Tsung-Yu , Peng Kuo-Ti , Hsu Wei-Hsiu , Hung Chien-Hui , Chuang Fang-Yi , Tsai Yao-Hung
Published: May 2020

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) of the limbs caused by Aeromonas species is an extremely rare and life-threatening skin and soft tissue infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the specific characteristics and the independent predictors of mortality in patients with Aeromonas NF. Sixty-eight patients were retrospectively reviewed over an 18-year period. Differences in mortality, demographics data, comorbidities, symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, microbiological analysis, empiric antibiotics treatment and clinical outcomes were compared between the non-survival and the survival groups. Twenty patients died with the mortality rate of 29.4%. The non-survival group revealed significant differences in bacteremia, monomicrobial infection, cephalosporins resistance, initial ineffective empiric antibiotics usage, chronic kidney disease, chronic hepatic dysfunction, tachypnea, shock, hemorrhagic bullae, skin necrosis, leukopenia, band polymorphonuclear neutrophils >10%, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The multivariate analysis identified four variables predicting mortality: bloodstream infection, shock, skin necrosis, and initial ineffective empirical antimicrobial usage against Aeromonas. NF caused by Aeromonas spp. revealed high mortality rates, even through aggressive surgical debridement and antibacterial therapies. Identifying those independent predictors, such as bacteremia, shock, progressive skin necrosis, monomicrobial infection, and application of the effective antimicrobial agents against Aeromonas under the supervision of infectious doctors, may improve clinical outcomes.
Vitamin K2 promotes PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis that leads to AMPK-dependent autophagic cell death in bladder cancer cells
Authors: Duan Fengsen , Mei Chunlei , Yang Luhao , Zheng Junyan , Lu Huiai , Xia Yanzhi , Hsu Stacy , Liang Huageng , Hong Ling
Published: May 2020

Vitamin K2 has been shown to exert remarkable anticancer activity. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Here, our study was the first to show that Vitamin K2 significantly promoted the glycolysis in bladder cancer cells by upregulating glucose consumption and lactate production, whereas inhibited TCA cycle by reducing the amounts of Acetyl-CoA. Moreover, suppression of PI3K/AKT and HIF-1α attenuated Vitamin K2-increased glucose consumption and lactate generation, indicating that Vitamin K2 promotes PI3K/AKT and HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis in bladder cancer cells. Importantly, upon glucose limitation, Vitamin K2-upregulated glycolysis markedly induced metabolic stress, along with AMPK activation and mTORC1 pathway suppression, which subsequently triggered AMPK-dependent autophagic cell death. Intriguingly, glucose supplementation profoundly abrogated AMPK activation and rescued bladder cancer cells from Vitamin K2-triggered autophagic cell death. Furthermore, both inhibition of PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α and attenuation of glycolysis significantly blocked Vitamin K2-induced AMPK activation and subsequently prevented autophagic cell death. Collectively, these findings reveal that Vitamin K2 could induce metabolic stress and trigger AMPK-dependent autophagic cell death in bladder cancer cells by PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis promotion.
Auranofin, at clinically achievable dose, protects mice and prevents recurrence from Clostridioides difficile infection
Authors: Abutaleb Nader S. , Seleem Mohamed N.
Published: May 2020

Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial infections and a worldwide urgent public health threat. Without doubt, there is an urgent need for new effective anticlostridial agents due to the increasing incidence and severity of C. difficile infection (CDI). The aim of the present study is to investigate the in vivo efficacy of auranofin (rheumatoid arthritis FDA-approved drug) in a CDI mouse model and establish an adequate dosage for treatment. The effects of increased C. difficile inoculum, and pre-exposure to simulated gastric intestinal fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), on the antibacterial activity of auranofin were investigated. Auranofin’s in vitro antibacterial activity was stable in the presence of high bacterial inoculum size compared to vancomycin and fidaxomicin. Moreover, it maintained its anti-C. difficile activity after being exposed to SGF and SIF. Upon testing in a CDI mouse model, auranofin at low clinically achievable doses (0.125 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg) significantly protected mice against CDI with 100% and 80% survival, respectively. Most importantly, auranofin (0.125 mg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg) significantly prevented CDI recurrence when compared with vancomycin. Collectively, these results indicate that auranofin could potentially provide an effective, safe and quick supplement to the current approaches for treating CDI.
Newly discovered Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901 is a robust cyanobacterial strain for high biomass production
Authors: Włodarczyk Artur , Selão Tiago Toscano , Norling Birgitta , Nixon Peter J.
Published: May 2020

Cyanobacteria, which use solar energy to convert carbon dioxide into biomass, are potential solar biorefineries for the sustainable production of chemicals and biofuels. However, yields obtained with current strains are still uncompetitive compared to existing heterotrophic production systems. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a new cyanobacterial strain, Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901, with promising features for green biotechnology. It is naturally transformable, has a short doubling time of ≈2 hours, grows at high light intensities and in a wide range of salinities and accumulates up to ≈33 g dry cell weight per litre when cultured in a shake-flask system using a modified growth medium − 1.7 to 3 times more than other strains tested under similar conditions. As a proof of principle, PCC 11901 engineered to produce free fatty acids yielded over 6 mM (1.5 g L−1), an amount comparable to that achieved by similarly engineered heterotrophic organisms.
Triple combination therapy of favipiravir plus two monoclonal antibodies eradicates influenza virus from nude mice
Authors: Kiso Maki , Yamayoshi Seiya , Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Published: May 2020

Prolonged treatment of immunocompromised influenza patients with viral neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors is required, because the immune system of such patients fails to eradicate the viruses. Here, we attempted to eradicate influenza virus from the respiratory organs of nude mice, which is a model of immunocompromised hosts, by using combination therapy of the viral polymerase inhibitor favipiravir and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the receptor-binding site (RBS) and stem of viral hemagglutinin (HA). Although monotherapy or combination therapy of two antivirals (two mAbs or favipiravir plus a mAb) suppressed virus replication, they failed to eradicate viruses from nude mice. In contrast, the triple combination therapy of favipiravir plus anti-Stem and anti-RBS mAbs completely stopped virus replication in nude mice, resulting in virus clearance. Triple combination approaches should be considered for the treatment of human immunocompromised patients with severe influenza.
Autonomous molecular design by Monte-Carlo tree search and rapid evaluations using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Kajita Seiji , Kinjo Tomoyuki , Nishi Tomoki
Published: May 2020

Functional materials, especially those that largely differ from known materials, are not easily discoverable because both human experts and supervised machine learning need prior knowledge and datasets. An autonomous system can evaluate various properties a priori, and thereby explore unknown extrapolation spaces in high-throughput simulations. However, high-throughput evaluations of molecular dynamics simulations are unrealistically demanding. Here, we show an autonomous search system for organic molecules implemented by a reinforcement learning algorithm, and apply it to molecular dynamics simulations of viscosity. The evaluation is dramatically accelerated (by three orders of magnitude) using a femto-second stress-tensor correlation, which underlies the glass-transition model. We experimentally examine one of 55,000 lubricant oil molecules found by the system. This study indicates that merging simulations and physical models can open a path for simulation-driven approaches to materials informatics.
A time-domain view of charge carriers in semiconductor nanocrystal solids
Authors: Shcherbakov-Wu Wenbi , Tisdale William A.
Published: May 2020

Time-domain spectroscopy and transient photocurrent techniques have revealed new understanding of mesoscale carrier dynamics in nanocrystal solids, including the role of energetic disorder, interactions with trap states, and nonequilibrium dynamics
Plasmon-enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen reduction in alkaline media on gold nanohole electrodes
Authors: Saada Tamazouzt Nait , Marques da Silva Anderson Gabriel , Subramanian Palaniappan , Pang Liuqing , Adnane Noual , Djafari-Rouhani Bahram , Mishyn Vladyslav , Meziane Dalila , Melinte Sorin , Sandu Georgiana , Dumeignil Franck , Paul Sébastien , Wojcieszak Robert , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: May 2020

Plasmon-driven chemical transformation has become a promising approach for enhancing sluggish electrocatalytic reactions.
A sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for the detection of endogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO−) in living cells
Authors: Sun Yaru , Dong Baoli , Lu Yaru , Song Wenhui , Mehmood Abdul Hadi , Lin Weiying
Published: May 2020

A fluorescent probe for the detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO−) has been developed.
ELISA as an effective tool to determine spatial and seasonal occurrence of emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment
Authors: Silva Carla Patrícia , Carvalho Tânia , Schneider Rudolf J. , Esteves Valdemar I. , Lima Diana L. D.
Published: May 2020

Monitoring emerging contaminants is essential as they represent a risk to the aquatic environment. ELISA is a promising method for their quantification mostly because it allows controlling their concentration levels through large screening campaigns.
The mechanism and ligand effects of single atom rhodium supported on ZSM-5 for the selective oxidation of methane to methanol
Authors: Bunting Rhys J. , Thompson Jillian , Hu P.
Published: May 2020

The mechanism and ligand effects for the partial oxidation of methane to methanol on single atom rhodium supported on ZSM-5 are investigated by DFT.
The interaction of two-dimensional α- and β-phosphorus carbide with environmental molecules: a DFT study
Authors: Kistanov Andrey A. , Korznikova Elena A. , Huttula Marko , Cao Wei
Published: May 2020

The recently fabricated α- and β-PC have been proposed for application in gas sensors and electronic devices.
Long-range potentials and dipole moments of the CO electronic states converging to the ground dissociation limit
Authors: Ushakov Vladimir G. , Meshkov Vladimir V. , Ermilov Aleksander Yu. , Stolyarov Andrey V. , Gordon Iouli E. , Medvedev Emile S.
Published: May 2020

The potential-energy and dipole-moment functions for six electronic states are obtained both analytically, in the framework of long-range perturbation theory, and numerically, by using first-principles methods.
Interfacial effect of Co4S3–Co9S8 nanoparticles hosted on rGO sheets derived from molecular precursor pyrolysis on enhancing electrochemical behaviour
Authors: He Mengmeng , Zhu Linchao , Liu Yanyan , Wen Hao , Hu Yunxia , Li Baojun
Published: May 2020

Co4S3–Co9S8 nanoparticles with abundant interfaces hosted on reduced graphene oxide were synthesized via a monomolecular pyrolysis strategy to boost catalytic activity.
Unveiling the mechanisms of lithium dendrite suppression by cationic polymer film induced solid–electrolyte interphase modification
Authors: Lee Seung-Yong , Shangguan Junyi , Alvarado Judith , Betzler Sophia , Harris Stephen J. , Doeff Marca M. , Zheng Haimei
Published: May 2020

Lithium dendrite suppression mechanisms by a PDDA cationic polymer film were revealed through nanoscale chemical imaging of the solid–electrolyte interphase with in situ liquid cell TEM.
Catalyst-free photodecarbonylation of ortho-amino benzaldehyde
Authors: Zhou Jingwei , Li Lamei , Wang Songping , Yan Ming , Wei Wentao
Published: May 2020

Decarbonylation is easily achieved with visible light irradiation by introducing a tertiary amine into the ortho-position of the aldehyde group.
Electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) microfibers reinforced with ZnO nanocrystals for antibacterial and antibiofilm wound dressing applications
Authors: Mahamuni-Badiger Pranjali P. , Patil Pooja M. , Patel Pratikshkumar R. , Dhanavade Maruti J. , Badiger Manohar V. , Marathe Yogesh N. , Bohara Raghvendra A.
Published: May 2020

Biocompatible and biodegradable polymers for designing wound dressing materials.
Electric field triggered release of gas from a quasi-one-dimensional hydrate in the carbon nanotube
Authors: Li Jiaxian , Lu Hangjun , Zhou Xiaoyan
Published: May 2020

We systematically investigate the effects of an axial electric field on the formation and decomposition of quasi-one-dimensional nitrogen gas hydrates within a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) by using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
Single-wavelength phototheranostics for colon cancerviathe thiolytic reaction
Authors: Zhu Yucheng , Chen Chao , Wu Qinghua , Yang Guoliang , Liu Zhiyong , Hao Erhong , Cao Hongliang , Gao Yun , Zhang Weian
Published: May 2020

A self-assembled H2S-specific nanosystem (FR-H2S) for single-wavelength colon cancer phototheranostics.
High brightness blue light-emitting diodes based on CsPb(Cl/Br)3 perovskite QDs with phenethylammonium chloride passivation
Authors: Shao He , Zhai Yue , Wu Xiufeng , Xu Wen , Xu Lin , Dong Biao , Bai Xue , Cui Haining , Song Hongwei
Published: May 2020

CsPb(Cl/Br)3 QDs with phenethylammonium chloride passivation for efficient blue light-emitting diodes.
Correction: Nickel-catalyzed cyanation of phenol derivatives activated by 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Yaoyao , Shen Jun , Chen Qun , He Ming-Yang
Published: May 2020

Correction for ‘Nickel-catalyzed cyanation of phenol derivatives activated by 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine’ by Liang Wang, et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2018, 16, 4816–4820, DOI: 10.1039/C8OB01034J.
Alkene–azide chemistry: a facile, one-step, solvent- and catalyst-free approach for developing new functional monomers and polymers
Authors: Santra Santimukul , Bean Ren , Heckert Blaze , Shaw Zachary , Jain Vedant , Shrestha Lok , Narayanam Raghunath , Austin Quentin
Published: May 2020

The application of solvent and catalyst free, green chemistry approaches is highly desired. Herein we have explored a facile, one-step “Click-ene” chemistry for the synthesis of functional monomers and macromolecules.
Precise tracking and modulating aggregation structures of conjugated copolymers in solutions
Authors: Wang Zi-Yuan , Yao Ze-Fan , Lu Yang , Ding Li , Yu Zi-Di , You Hao-Yang , Wang Xin-Yi , Zhou Yang-Yang , Zou Lin , Wang Jie-Yu , Pei Jian
Published: May 2020

Different backbone shape of BDOPV-based polymers generates distinct aggregation structures in dilute solutions, which could be retained into the solid-state microstructures, further exhibiting different electron mobility and doping efficiency.
Microwave roasting of blast furnace slag for carbon dioxide mineralization and energy analysis
Authors: Han Zike , Gao Jianqiu , Yuan Xizhi , Zhong Yanjun , Ma Xiaodong , Chen Zhiyuan , Luo Dongmei , Wang Ye
Published: May 2020

This paper highlights the potential of microwave roasting in solid-waste treatment and carbon dioxide storage.
Selenium modulates cadmium-induced ultrastructural and metabolic changes in cucumber seedlings
Authors: Sun Hongyan , Wang Xiaoyun , Li Huimin , Bi Jiahui , Yu Jia , Liu Xianjun , Zhou Huanxin , Rong Zhijiang
Published: May 2020

Intensive insight into the potential mechanisms of Se-induced Cd tolerance in cucumber seedlings is essential for further improvement of vegetable crop cultivation and breeding to obtain high yields and quality in Cd-contaminated soil.
N2Phos – an easily made, highly effective ligand designed for ppm level Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross couplings in water
Authors: Akporji Nnamdi , Thakore Ruchita R. , Cortes-Clerget Margery , Andersen Joel , Landstrom Evan , Aue Donald H. , Gallou Fabrice , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: May 2020

A new, biaryl phosphine-containing ligand, N2Phos, forms a 1 : 1 complex with Pd resulting in an active catalyst at the ppm level for Suzuki–Miyaura couplings in water, enabled by an aqueous micellar medium. Notably, aryl chlorides are shown to be amenable substrates.
Highly efficient removal of uranium from highly acidic media achieved using a phosphine oxide and amino functionalized superparamagnetic composite polymer adsorbent
Authors: Zhang Shiao , Yuan Dingzhong , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Yun , Liu Yan , Zhao Jizhou , Chen Bibo
Published: May 2020

The magnetic adsorbent Fe3O4/P(DMAA–DMP) prepared by distillation-precipitation polymerization not only showed an outstanding adsorption efficiency for uranium in highly acidic solution, but had an excellent acid resistance.
Hydrophilic ultrafiltration membranes with surface-bound eosin Y for an integrated synthesis-separation system of aqueous RAFT photopolymerization
Authors: Zhao Yujie , Shao Senlin , Xia Jiangbin , Huang Ya , Zhang Yu Chi , Li Xue , Cai Tao
Published: May 2020

The photocatalyst-based ultrafiltration membrane fitted integrated synthesis–separation system holds the promises to bridge the gap between the precision of PET-RAFT polymerization and the efficiency of membrane separation process.
Diblock copolypeptoids: a review of phase separation, crystallization, self-assembly and biological applications
Authors: Xuan Sunting , Zuckermann Ronald N.
Published: May 2020

Diblock copolypeptoids have the capacity to phase separate, crystallize, and self-assemble into a variety of nanostructures, which have shown great potential in a variety of biological applications.
Calcium alendronate-coated composite scaffolds promote osteogenesis of ADSCs via integrin and FAK/ERK signalling pathways
Authors: Liu Lei , Gao Xianling , Li Xiaoyu , Zhu Guanglin , Li Nanying , Shi Xuetao , Wang Yingjun
Published: May 2020

Calcium alendronate-coated composite scaffolds not only displayed excellent cytocompatibility and cell adhesion but also promoted osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.
KKH 22, the first dwarf spheroidal satellite of IC 342
Authors: Karachentsev Igor D. , Makarova Lidia N. , Brent Tully R. , Anand Gagandeep S. , Rizzi Luca , Shaya Edward J. , Afanasiev Viktor L.
Published: May 2020

Aims. We present observations with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope of the nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxy KKH 22 = LEDA 2807114 in the vicinity of the massive spiral galaxy IC 342.

Methods. We derived its distance of 3.12 ± 0.19 Mpc using the tip of red giant branch (TRGB) method. We also used the 6 m BTA spectroscopy to measure a heliocentric radial velocity of the globular cluster in KKH 22 to be +30 ± 10 km s−1.

Results. The dSph galaxy KKH 22 has the V-band absolute magnitude of –12.m19 and the central surface brightness μv, 0 = 24.1m/□″. Both the velocity and the distance of KKH 22 are consistent with the dSph galaxy being gravitationally bound to IC 342. Another nearby dIr galaxy, KKH 34, with a low heliocentric velocity of +106 km s−1 has the TRGB distance of 7.28 ± 0.36 Mpc residing in the background with respect to the IC 342 group. KKH 34 has a surprisingly high negative peculiar velocity of –236 ± 26 km s−1.
Pancreatic Pseudocyst with Mediastinal Extension Presenting as Pseudo-Kirklin Sign—Multimodality Imaging
Authors: Udayakumar Harshini , Indiran Venkatraman , Mariappan Kalaichezhian , Maduraimuthu Prabakaran
Published: May 2020

A mass lesion of the gastric cardia or fundus causing an alteration in the normal regular, translucent gastric fundal air shadow on a frontal erect chest radiograph is referred to as “the Kirklin sign.” Here we present “Pseudo-Kirklin sign” observed on the frontal radiograph of a 46-year-old male patient due to a soft tissue shadow/contour deformity of the fundal gas shadow caused by pseudocyst of the pancreas. We evaluated the patient using plain radiography, contrast enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with the cyst drained under EUS guidance. So far only two cases of mediastinal pseudocysts have been drained successfully by EUS-guided aspiration.
Identification and Recent Approaches for Evaluation and Management of Rehabilitation Concerns for Patients with Freeman–Burian Syndrome: Principles for Global Treatment
Authors: Poling Mikaela I. , Dufresne Craig R. , McCormick Rodger J.
Published: May 2020

Freeman–Burian syndrome, formerly Freeman–Sheldon syndrome, is a rare congenital complex myopathic craniofacial syndrome that frequently involves extremity joint deformities, abnormal spinal curvatures, and chest wall mechanical problems that, together with spinal deformities, impair pulmonary function. As part of a clinical practice guideline development, we evaluated 19 rehabilitation-related articles from our formal systematic review, and from these and our experience, we describe rehabilitation considerations. Research in this area has widespread methodologic problems. While many challenges are present, much can be done to afford these patients a good quality of life through careful planning.
COVID-19 in Newborns and Infants—Low Risk of Severe Disease: Silver Lining or Dark Cloud?
Authors: Rawat Munmun , Chandrasekharan Praveen , Hicar Mark D. , Lakshminrusimha Satyan
Published: May 2020

One hundred years after the 1918 influenza pandemic, we now face another pandemic with the severe acute respiratory syndrome–novel coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is considerable variability in the incidence of infection and severe disease following exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Data from China and the United States suggest a low prevalence of neonates, infants, and children, with those affected not suffering from severe disease. In this article, we speculate different theories why this novel agent is sparing neonates, infants, and young children. The low severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population is associated with a high incidence of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infection making them efficient carriers.

Key Points
Surveillance and Targeted Action to Prevent HIV/AIDS
Authors: Kumar Rajesh
Published: May 2020

Epidemiological surveillance has played a key role in the identification of AIDS and its modes of transmission. In India, laboratory-based surveillance of HIV was initiated among most at-risk populations in 1990s, which was later expanded to antenatal clinics. On the basis of surveillance, high risk geographic areas and high risk populations were identified; and preventive behaviour change interventions were targeted among high risk groups in mid1990s. In 2003, analysis of surveillance data revealed a declining trend in HIV. Further analysis, indicated that targeted sexual behaviour change interventions among high risk groups had been responsible for the decline. The targeted behaviour change strategy among high risk groups was also found to be cost-effective. In the era of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), HIV prevalence trends would no longer be useful for tracking the epidemic. Hence, new laboratory essays are needed for tracking HIV incidence. Verbal autopsy method can provide direct estimates of HIV mortality trends to evaluate the effectiveness of ART. Since the number of new HIV infections is showing plateauing trend, further intensification of HIV/AIDS prevention and control efforts is required to achieve the end of HIV transmission and deaths due to AIDS by 2030.
Neurocysticercosis Burden in Pig Farming Community of North India
Authors: Prasad Kashi Nath
Published: May 2020

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common cause of acquired active epilepsy (AE). NCC is under reported in India due to lack of systematic systematic studies. We investigated NCC burden in pig farming community of Lucknow district.

Total 294 families with 1640 subjects from 30 villages were surveyed for AE; 595 asymptomatic individuals underwent magnetic resonance imaging of brain. TLR4, MMP9, ICAM1 and GST genes polymorphisms were studied for their role in symptomatic disease. Slaughtered pigs were screened for cysticercosis.

Total 95 (5.8%) subjects with AE were identified; 48.3% of them had NCC. Ninety (15%) asymptomatic individuals had NCC. Thirteen (26%) of 50 pigs slaughtered had cysticercosis.

The results showed high NCC burden in pig farming community and NCC as major cause of AE. Individuals with polymorphic TLR4, MMP9, ICAM1 and GST genotypes were susceptible for symptomatic disease. High swine cysticercosis prevalence suggests the transmission dynamic between human and swine in the community.
Experimental and Clinical Evidence Based Rationality of Incorporation of Deep Fascia in Tissue Transfer for Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Bhattacharya V.
Published: May 2020

Intense clinical research since 1984 through 93 parameters has unveiled the rationality of reconstructive procedures with several new concepts and innovative techniques of various compositions. Such extensive work has been done totally in our country popularizing the techniques amongst the plastic surgeons of the world. This presentation deals with the tissue constituents and vascular network of the deep fascia. This sustained research was conducted at inter-departmental, interfaculty and interinstitutional levels.

Intense clinical research since 1984 through 93 parameters has unveiled the rationality of reconstructive procedures with several new concepts and innovative techniques of various compositions. Such extensive work has been done totally in our country popularizing the techniques amongst the plastic surgeons of the world. This presentation deals with the tissue constituents and vascular network of the deep fascia. This sustained research was conducted at inter-departmental, interfaculty and interinstitutional levels.

Histology of deep fascia showed rich subfascial and suprafascial arterioles and capillaries. Intrafascial course of the perforating vessels from the subfascial plane to the suprafascial plane was visualized. Confocal microscopic analysis of fluorecenised deep fascia under 40X magnification showed longitudinally aligned collagen fibres and nuclei of multiple fibroblasts. Electron microscopic Y of deep fascia revealed (a) Elastic tissue and collagen fibres, (b) Lymphatic vessel, (c) Thin walled venule with single layer of muscle fiber, endothelial cell nucleus, Venules with multiple RBCs, mast cell with granules and capillary showing endothelium and endothelial cells.

Angiography in experimental model and patients, demonstrated longitudinally oriented vascular network in deep fascia and fasciocutaneous flap. Live microcirculation and Lymphatic circulation in the human deep fascia was demonstrated first time in the world under 150 and 600 magnifications.
Experimental demonstration of a broadband waterborne acoustic metasurface for shifting reflected waves
Authors: Zhang Xiangdong , Chen Hong , Zhao Zhigao , Zhao Aiguo , Cai Xuan , Wang Lei
Published: May 2020

A broadband waterborne acoustic reflective metasurface is developed and investigated in this study, theoretically and experimentally. With a thickness less than one-third of the peak working wavelength, the metasurface can shift the direction of propagation of backward waves reflected from a rigid wall. In order to ensure a broad working band, the proposed metasurface was assembled from a series of pentamodal unit cells with different effective bulk moduli and mass densities. In order to ensure fabricability, the effect of manufacturing precision on the ranges of the effective properties was analyzed. Then, the device was fabricated by wire cut electrical discharge machining-low speed technology. Shifts in the broadband reflected waves of 15° were observed in both finite element simulations and underwater measurements (6 kHz–18 kHz). These results contribute to understanding and application of broadband control of waterborne reflected acoustic waves.
Microwave probing of bulk dielectrics using superconducting coplanar resonators in distant-flip-chip geometry
Authors: Wendel Lars , Engl Vincent T. , Untereiner Gabriele , Ebensperger Nikolaj G. , Dressel Martin , Farag Ahmed , Ubl Monika , Giessen Harald , Scheffler Marc
Published: May 2020

Dielectric measurements on insulating materials at cryogenic temperatures can be challenging, depending on the frequency and temperature ranges of interest. We present a technique to study the dielectric properties of bulk dielectrics at GHz frequencies. A superconducting coplanar Nb resonator is deposited directly on the material of interest, and this resonator is then probed in distant-flip-chip geometry with a microwave feedline on a separate chip. Evaluating several harmonics of the resonator gives access to various probing frequencies in the present studies up to 20 GHz. We demonstrate the technique on three different materials (MgO, LaAlO3, and TiO2), at temperatures between 1.4 K and 7 K.
Synchronization and spatial patterns in forced swarmalators
Authors: Lizarraga Joao U. F. , de Aguiar Marcus A. M.
Published: May 2020

Swarmalators are particles that exhibit coordinated motion and, at the same time, synchronize their intrinsic behavior, represented by internal phases. Here, we study the effects produced by an external periodic stimulus over a system of swarmalators that move in two dimensions. The system represents, for example, a swarm of fireflies in the presence of an external light source that flashes at a fixed frequency. If the spatial movement is ignored, the dynamics of the internal variables are equivalent to those of Kuramoto oscillators. In this case, the phases tend to synchronize and lock to the external stimulus if its intensity is sufficiently large. Here, we show that in a system of swarmalators, the force also shifts the phases and angular velocities leading to synchronization with the external frequency. However, the correlation between phase and spatial location decreases with the intensity of the force, going to zero at a critical intensity that depends on the model parameters. In the regime of zero correlation, the particles form a static symmetric circular distribution, following a simple model of aggregation. Interestingly, for intermediate values of the force intensity, different patterns emerge, with the particles spiraling or splitting in two clusters centered at opposite sides of the stimulus’ location. The spiral and two-cluster patterns are stable and active. The two clusters slowly rotate around the source while exchanging particles, or separate and collide repeatedly, depending on the parameters.
Review on the exploration of condensed carbon formation mechanism in detonation products
Authors: Liu Qin , Duan Yingliang , Ma Honghao , Long Xinping , Han Yong
Published: May 2020

As the only solid detonation product of CHNO negative oxygen balance explosive, the condensed carbon plays an important role in the energy-releasing and working capability by coagulation and phase transition. But the process of condensed carbon transformation has always been controversial because the detonation is so fast and the carbon phase is so complex (amorphous phase, graphite phase, diamond phase, liquid phase, etc.), that spatial and temporal resolution of existing test techniques is difficult to meet the requirements of quantitative analysis. If we can accurately understand the phase transition and coagulation process of carbon condensation during detonation, we can provide effective reference data for the accurate evaluation of explosive energy release process and damage effect, rational design of formula, and accurate correction of non-ideal explosive detonation model.
Elastic strain control of electronic structure, and magnetic properties of [Pr1−xCaxMnO3/SrTiO3]15 superlattices
Authors: Dokala Ravi Kiran , Das Shaona , Joshi Deep Chandra , Ghosh Sayandeep , Yan Zhuo , Qi Yajun , Das Sujit , Thota Subhash
Published: May 2020

We report the growth, electronic structure, and in-plane magnetic properties of pulsed laser deposition grown 2D superlattice structures [Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/SrTiO3]15 and [Pr0.5Ca0.5MnO3/SrTiO3]15 on (001) oriented SrTiO3 and LaAlO3 single crystal substrates. The x-ray reflectivity measurements reveal well-defined interfaces between the manganite and titanate layers along with the existence of Kiessig fringes, providing the evidence for the smooth periodic superlattice structure. The reciprocal space mapping provides signature of tetragonal distortion in all the superlattices. The electronic structure determined from the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals divalent Sr and Ca, tetravalent Ti, and mixed valent Mn with a pronounce shift of binding energy peaks toward the higher energy side in the superlattices grown on (001) oriented LaAlO3 as compared to those grown on SrTiO3. These superlattices exhibit highly anisotropic ferromagnetic character. We used the law of approach to saturation to determine the anisotropy field (HK) and cubic anisotropy constant (K1) for all the investigated superlattices. This analysis yields the highest HK∼9 kOe and K1∼8×105 erg/cc for the [Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/SrTiO3]15 superlattice system. Furthermore, significant enhancement of the overall magnetic moment and a decrease in TC (<100 K) was observed in the case of LaAlO3 grown superlattice, which indicates a substantial role of residual elastic strain on the magnetic ordering. Our results indicate that the strain induced elongation of MnO6 octahedra leads to finite possibility of non-orthogonal overlapping of orbitals in the presence of large crystal field splitting of eg levels, which, in turn, causes suppression of the ferromagnetic double exchange interaction.
Magnetocaloric properties of Ni2+xMn1−xGa with coupled magnetostructural phase transition
Authors: Khovaylo V. V. , Skokov K. P. , Taskaev S. V. , Karpenkov D. Yu. , Dilmieva E. T. , Koledov V. V. , Koshkid'ko Yu. S. , Shavrov V. G. , Buchelnikov V. D. , Sokolovskiy V. V. , Bobrovskij I. , Dyakonov A. , Chatterjee Ratnamala , Vasiliev A. N.
Published: May 2020

Systematic studies of magnetic entropy change ΔSm and adiabatic temperature change ΔTad have been performed for ferromagnetic shape memory alloys Ni2 + xMn1−xGa (0.18 ≤ x ≤ 0.27) undergoing coupled magnetostructural phase transition from ferromagnetic martensite ↔ paramagnetic austenite. The magnetic entropy change calculated from isothermal magnetization measurements has the highest value (for the magnetic field change of ΔH = 5 T), ΔSm = −29 J/kg K, in a Ni2.20Mn0.80Ga composition. The decrease in ΔSm observed in the alloys with the larger Ni excess (0.22 ≤ x ≤ 0.27) is attributed to the progressive reduction in both the saturation magnetization and the total entropy change at the martensitic transition temperature. The adiabatic temperature change ΔTad measured upon heating in the Ni2 + xMn1−xGa (0.18 ≤ x ≤ 0.27) alloys does not exceed 0.8 K (for the magnetic field change of ΔH = 1.85 T). A higher value of ΔTad measured upon cooling has been explained as caused by the contribution of the structural subsystem to ΔTad, i.e., to a partial magnetic field-induced structural transformation that has, for the given magnetic field change, an irreversible character in the alloys studied.
An open quantum system theory for polarizable continuum models
Authors: Guido Ciro A. , Rosa Marta , Cammi Roberto , Corni Stefano
Published: May 2020

The problem of a solute described by Quantum Chemistry within a solvent represented as a polarizable continuum model (PCM) is here reformulated in terms of the open quantum systems (OQS) theory. Using its stochastic Schrödinger equation formulation, we are able to provide a more comprehensive picture of the electronic energies and the coupling between solute and solvent electronic dynamics. In particular, the OQS-PCM proves to be a unifying theoretical framework naturally including polarization and dispersion interactions, the effect of solvent fluctuations, and the non-Markovian solvent response. As such, the OQS-PCM describes the interplay between the solute and the solvent typical electronic dynamical times and yields both the standard PCM and the so-called Born–Oppenheimer solvation regime, where the solvent electronic response is considered faster than any electronic dynamics taking place in the solute. In analyzing the OQS-PCM, we obtained an expression for the solute–solvent dispersion (van der Waals) interactions, which is very transparent in terms of a physical interpretation based on fluctuations and response functions. Finally, we present various numerical tests that support the theoretical findings