bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
β-ionone facilitates ex vivo airway smooth muscle relaxation via extraocular Opsin-3 light receptor activation
Authors: Uribe Styvalizh , Shany Eyar , Zhang Yi , Wu Amy D. , Dan William , Perez-Zoghbi Jose F. , Emala Charles W. , Yim Peter D.
Published: February 2025

Recent studies have linked deficiencies in β-carotene ingestion and its metabolites with an increased risk and severity of asthma exacerbations. We demonstrate that β-ionone, a β-carotene metabolite, dose-dependently relaxes upper and lower airways in vitro using wire myography of tracheal rings and phase-contrast microscopy of precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs). We demonstrate that β-ionone-induced relaxation is mediated through extraocular opsin-3 (OPN3) receptor activation via pharmacological competitive inhibition with chromophore 9-cis retinal, and through the decreased relaxation demonstrated in Opn3-null PCLSs. We implicate a mechanistic pathway suggestive of Gɑs activation that is in agreement with our previous findings. Lastly, we confirmed OPN3 expression in airway smooth muscle cells by immunofluorescence and mRNA expression. Our findings implicate β-ionone as a potential therapeutic agent for conditions characterized by bronchoconstriction, such as asthma and COPD. Moreover, this study underscores the significance of dietary intake, particularly of β-carotene rich foods, in maintaining respiratory health.
Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance Among Patients Attending Adama Hospital Medical College
Authors: Kumbi Hawi , Abate Alegntaw , Kedir Abdela , Chala Tesfaye , Gemechu Milkesa , Garedew Alemayehu , Ali Musa
Published: February 2025

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in resource‐limited countries. The burden of TB varies from country to country, depending on the country’s condition and the effort made to prevent its transmission. The magnitude of pulmonary TB and drug resistance in eastern Ethiopia is mainly unknown due to limited information.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pulmonary TB and rifampicin‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and factors associated with pulmonary TB.

Methods: A hospital‐based prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted among 424 presumptive TB patients who attended Adama Hospital Medical College from January 10, 2023, to November 10, 2023. Sputum (gastric lavage for children) was collected and diagnosed using the Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining method and GeneXpert. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data. SPSS Version 20 computer software was used for data analysis. A variable with a p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The prevalence of the ZN staining method and GeneXpert‐confirmed TB was 160 (37.7%), 95% CI: 33–42.7 and 189 (44.6%), 95% CI: 39.8–49.5, respectively. Of the study participants, nine (2.1%) were infected with rifampicin‐resistant M. tuberculosis. Out of the 189 confirmed TB cases, 4.7% were infected with rifampicin‐resistant gene‐positive M. tuberculosis. Gender—male (AOR = 1.47 [0.95–2.26], p = 0.081), history of contact with TB patient (AOR = 7.19 [2.55–20.25], p < 0.001), previously treated TB patients (AOR = 3.11 [1.49–6.50], p = 0.003), and smoking cigarette (AOR = 14.8 [1.88–117], p = 0.010) were significantly associated with GeneXpert‐confirmed pulmonary TB.

Conclusion: The prevalence of pulmonary TB was high, with a moderate proportion of rifampicin‐resistant gene‐carrying M. tuberculosis in the study area. Being male, having a history of contact with TB patients, having a history of infection with TB, and smoking cigarettes were significant predictors of pulmonary TB.
Evaluation of Nutrient Role on Quality, Seed Produce, and Yield Constituents of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Through Nutrient Omission, Central Highland of Ethiopia
Authors: Ashenafi Mitiku , Debasu Tsegaye , Alemu Derib , Lemma Estifanos , Belete Amhaeyesus , Awgchew Haymanot
Published: February 2025

This 2‐year greenhouse study (2022–2023) investigated linseed nutrient needs using a randomized block design. Research studies on nutrient omissions revealed macronutrient and micronutrient impacts on yield and oil quality. Optimal linseed production requires understanding these nutrient roles. Applying appropriate fertilizer based on these findings is essential. This study investigated the impact of full nutrients (NPKSZnB) and individual omissions (N, P, K, S, Zn, B) on Bekoji‐14 linseed variety yield, growth, and quality in clay loam soil. Data analysis revealed nitrogen and phosphorus as key limiting nutrients. Their absence caused significant yield losses, reaching up to 460.94 kg·ha−1, highlighting these nutrients’ critical roles. A complete nutrient package yielded the highest seed production at 2201.60 kg·ha−1, outperforming nitrogen and phosphorus treatments by 20.94% and 18.94%, respectively. Sulfur, zinc, and boron deficiencies resulted in smaller yield losses of 3.55%, 2.71%, and 1.99%. The severity of yield reduction ranked: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and boron, sulfur and boron and zinc, sulfur, and finally zinc omissions. Quantitative analysis showed complete fertilizer (NPKSZnB) significantly improved growth, with plant height peaking at 90.05 cm and maturity in 133.21 days. Nitrogen‐omitted plots averaged 72.05 cm tall, highlighting nitrogen’s importance. The maximum capsule count per plant was 37.87. Under full nutrient conditions, the highest seed yield was 2201.60 kg·ha−1. Nutrient deficiencies significantly decreased yields, reaching 460.94 kg·ha−1 less, highlighting the necessity of full fertilization. Linseed oil content varied from 31.16% to 38.3%, dropping 18.64% without nitrogen. The study urges smallholder farmers to use balanced fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus for optimal yield and oil quality. Effective nutrient management, considering macro, secondary, and micronutrients, is vital for sustainable linseed production. Further research should explore region‐specific fertilization plans to improve economic viability within Ethiopian linseed farming. This will lead to increased yields, improved oil quality, and enhanced livelihoods.
Should I Take Prediabetes Seriously or Not: A Qualitative Study on People’s Perceptions of Prediabetes
Authors: Harcke Katri , Graue Marit , Skinner Timothy Charles , Olsson Christina B. , Grabowski Dan , Saleh-Stattin Nouha
Published: February 2025

It is critical to ensure that lifestyle change programs are tailored to the person with prediabetes needs and wishes. However, programs that are carried out in research settings to delay or prevent Type 2 diabetes in people with prediabetes do not translate easily to everyday settings. There is a need to explore further the perceptions of people with prediabetes about the condition and their role in self‐management to better balance the content of intervention programs for prediabetes with the participants’ life context and experience. For this purpose, we invited 21 persons with prediabetes from four primary healthcare centers in Region Stockholm, Sweden, for individual interviews. Transcripts were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Two main themes were identified, prediabetes: a condition between health and disease and I must manage prediabetes myself but need support. This in‐between state has a serious impact on the decisions that people with prediabetes make concerning self‐management and behavioral changes. One of the main findings of this study highlights the importance of communicating the diagnosis of prediabetes clearly and the importance of preventive actions as this can trigger behavioral change. People with prediabetes in our study shed light on different needs for support to make and maintain behavioral change which requires a person‐centered approach. This support was described internally, from family and peers, or externally from healthcare professionals. These results will be used in a codesign study where healthcare professionals and persons with prediabetes discuss the components of a person‐centered model for a behavioral change intervention in primary healthcare.
Supplementary Data from Mutant and Wild-Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Share Enhancing Mechanisms Involving Distinct Tyrosine Kinase Cascades in Cancer
Authors: Chen Dong , Xia Siyuan , Wang Mei , Lin Ruiting , Li Yuancheng , Mao Hui , Aguiar Mike , Famulare Christopher A. , Shih Alan H. , Brennan Cameron W. , Gao Xue , Pan Yaozhu , Liu Shuangping , Fan Jun , Jin Lingtao , Song Lina , Zhou An , Mukherjee Joydeep , Pieper Russell O. , Mishra Ashutosh , Peng Junmin , Arellano Martha , Blum William G. , Lonial Sagar , Boggon Titus J. , Levine Ross L. , Chen Jing
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure S1-S7
Supplementary Table 1 from Cytokine-Regulated Phosphorylation and Activation of TET2 by JAK2 in Hematopoiesis
Authors: Jeong Jong Jin , Gu Xiaorong , Nie Ji , Sundaravel Sriram , Liu Hui , Kuo Wen-Liang , Bhagat Tushar D. , Pradhan Kith , Cao John , Nischal Sangeeta , McGraw Kathy L. , Bhattacharyya Sanchari , Bishop Michael R. , Artz Andrew , Thirman Michael J. , Moliterno Alison , Ji Peng , Levine Ross L. , Godley Lucy A. , Steidl Ulrich , Bieker James J. , List Alan F. , Saunthararajah Yogen , He Chuan , Verma Amit , Wickrema Amittha
Published: February 2025

Supp Table 1: Transcripts associated with loss of cytosine methylation and increased gene expression in FDCP cells with JAK2V617F compared to FDCP with WT Jak2
Data from Mutant and Wild-Type Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Share Enhancing Mechanisms Involving Distinct Tyrosine Kinase Cascades in Cancer
Authors: Chen Dong , Xia Siyuan , Wang Mei , Lin Ruiting , Li Yuancheng , Mao Hui , Aguiar Mike , Famulare Christopher A. , Shih Alan H. , Brennan Cameron W. , Gao Xue , Pan Yaozhu , Liu Shuangping , Fan Jun , Jin Lingtao , Song Lina , Zhou An , Mukherjee Joydeep , Pieper Russell O. , Mishra Ashutosh , Peng Junmin , Arellano Martha , Blum William G. , Lonial Sagar , Boggon Titus J. , Levine Ross L. , Chen Jing
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is important for reductive carboxylation in cancer cells, and the IDH1 R132H mutation plays a pathogenic role in cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the regulatory mechanisms modulating mutant and/or wild-type (WT) IDH1 function remain unknown. Here, we show that two groups of tyrosine kinases (TK) enhance the activation of mutant and WT IDH1 through preferential Y42 or Y391 phosphorylation. Mechanistically, Y42 phosphorylation occurs in IDH1 monomers, which promotes dimer formation with enhanced substrate (isocitrate or α-ketoglutarate) binding, whereas Y42-phosphorylated dimers show attenuated disruption to monomers. Y391 phosphorylation occurs in both monomeric and dimeric IDH1, which enhances cofactor (NADP+ or NADPH) binding. Diverse oncogenic TKs phosphorylate IDH1 WT at Y42 and activate Src to phosphorylate IDH1 at Y391, which contributes to reductive carboxylation and tumor growth, whereas FLT3 or the FLT3-ITD mutation activates JAK2 to enhance mutant IDH1 activity through phosphorylation of Y391 and Y42, respectively, in AML cells.
Significance:
We demonstrated an intrinsic connection between oncogenic TKs and activation of WT and mutant IDH1, which involves distinct TK cascades in related cancers. In particular, these results provide an additional rationale supporting the combination of FLT3 and mutant IDH1 inhibitors as a promising clinical treatment of mutant IDH1-positive AML.

See related commentary by Horton and Huntly, p. 699.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681
Figure S2 from A Melanoma Brain Metastasis CTC Signature and CTC:B-cell Clusters Associate with Secondary Liver Metastasis: A Melanoma Brain–Liver Metastasis Axis
Authors: Bowley Tetiana Y. , Ortiz Mireya C. , Lagutina Irina V. , Steinkamp Mara P. , Fahy Bridget N. , Tawfik Bernard , Harari-Turquie Moises , Marchetti Dario
Published: February 2025

IVIS quantification of the1st generation CDXs
Surveillance and Endoscopic Resection of Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Neoplasia: A Japanese Perspective
Authors: Hashimoto Yu , Tomaru Syota , Itoi Yuki , Sato Keigo , Hosaka Hiroko , Tanaka Hirohito , Kuribayashi Shiko , Takeuchi Yoji , Uraoka Toshio
Published: February 2025

Patients with a long history of ulcerative colitis (UC) are at risk of developing a serious complication known as UC-associated neoplasia (UCAN). Because the treatment strategy for UCAN greatly differs from that for sporadic tumors, UCAN needs to be distinguished from sporadic tumors. This article provides an overview of the current status and future challenges regarding the surveillance colonoscopy (SC) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of neoplastic lesions in patients with UC.
To reduce the risk of associated mortality, the current guidelines recommend initiating SC using chromoendoscopy with high-definition colonoscopy 8–10 years after the confirmation of a UC diagnosis. However, the endoscopic diagnosis of UCAN is occasionally challenging and requires a stepwise approach using multiple endoscopic modalities.
The worldwide consensus is that a diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia or higher is an indication for protocolectomy. Although the management of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) remains controversial, the SCENIC consensus statement recommends the complete removal of “endoscopically resectable” LGD, followed by monitoring. ESD was developed in Japan and allows for the removal of complex gastrointestinal lesions, facilitates the treatment of LGD, and enables precise pathological evaluations to differentiate between UCAN and sporadic tumors and to determine the grade of dysplasia in UCAN. Close endoscopic surveillance should follow complete endoscopic resection. A Japanese expert consensus meeting recommended the performance of follow-up SC 6–12 months after complete resection with ESD. In future, prospective cohort studies are needed to better assess the clinical outcomes of ESD in patients with UC.
Anaphylaxis to a Vedolizumab Infusion following Drug Holiday in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis: A Case Report
Authors: Karp Jadon , Shen Henry , Goodwin Thomas , Sparrow Miles P.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Vedolizumab is a commonly prescribed biologic agent due to its safety profile and clinical efficacy. Severe infusion-related reactions are exceedingly rare, with no previously documented cases of anaphylaxis to vedolizumab infusion following a drug holiday. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 65-year-old male with ulcerative colitis who had a severe anaphylactic reaction to the first re-induction infusion of vedolizumab following a 30-month drug holiday. No pre-infusion prophylactic medication was administered. Upon commencement of the infusion, the patient developed anaphylactic symptoms including airway compromise that required intensive care unit admission and treatment with an adrenaline infusion. Conclusion: Anaphylactic reactions to vedolizumab after a drug holiday can occur. As is done for infliximab, we recommend administration of an antipyretic, antihistamine, and corticosteroid prior to vedolizumab re-induction infusions when it is given after a drug holiday.
ІННОВАЦІЙНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ У ХІРУРГІЧНОМУ ЛІКУВАННІ ОКЛЮЗІЙНО-СТЕНОТИЧНИХ УРАЖЕНЬ АРТЕРІЙ ІНФРАРЕНАЛЬНОГО ВІДДІЛУ АОРТИ
Authors: ШАПРИНСЬКИЙ В. В.
Published: February 2025

Мета роботи: підвищити ефективність хірургічного лікування оклюзійно-стенотичних уражень магістральних артерій інфраренального відділу аорти у хворих на атеросклероз шляхом диференційованого підходу до використання інноваційних технологій відкритих, ендоваскулярних та гібридних оперативних втручань.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідження увійшло 420 хворих з оклюзійно-стенотичними ураженнями магістральних артерій інфраренального відділу аорти. Пацієнтів поділили на підгрупи за сегментами атеросклеротичного ураження: аорто-здухвинний – 20 (4,76 %), здухвинно-стегновий – 45 (10,72 %), стегново-підколінний – 166 (39,52 %), підколінно-гомілковий – 124 (29,53 %), гомілково-стопний – 65 (15,47 %). Залежно від характеру, оперативного втручання роподілили на: відкриті – 98 (23,33 %), ендоваскулярні – 243 (57,86 %), гібридні – 79 (18,81 %).
Результати. Аналіз ранніх результатів оперативних втручань показав вірогідне зменшення тривалості лікування пацієнтів у стаціонарі з (5,2±0,7) до (1,3±0,6) ліжко-дня, а також повторної госпіталізації у термінах до 12 місяців на 12,5 %, зниження кількості післяопераційних ускладнень із 10,5 до 4,9 %, повторних операцій – з 9,72 до 3,06 %, ампутацій – із 5,4 до 1,84 % і летальності – з 3,89 до 1,84 %. У віддаленому післяопераційному періоді (до 5 років) вдалось підвищити ефективність лікування пацієнтів з оклюзійно-стенотичними ураженнями магістральних артерій (ОСУМА), про що свідчить зменшення кількості післяопераційних ускладнень із 7,87 до 4,39 %, повторних операцій – з 7,87 до 4,39 %, ампутацій – із 3,63 до 2,19 % і летальності – з 3,03 до 1,09 %.
Висновки. Застосування інноваційних технологій при відкритих, ендоваскулярних та гібридних оперативних втручаннях із впровадженням алгоритму лікування на основі індивідуальних анатомічних і гемодинамічних особливостей, удосконалення методів оперативних втручань, застосування 2D-перфузії при оцінці периферійного кровотоку, використання імплантатів, оброблених сироваткою реципієнта перед імплантацією, та ультразвукове дослідження супроводу під час оперативних втручань дали можливість покращити результати лікування пацієнтів з оклюзійно-стенотичними ураженнями магістральних артерій інфраренального відділу аорти.
Yo, je, io, I: multilinguismo e tradução em Enrique Pezzoni
Authors: Ramírez Cristian Daniel
Published: February 2025

El presente trabajo indaga el caso del traductor argentino Enrique Pezzoni (Buenos Aires, 1926-1989) desde la perspectiva del multilingüismo a través del análisis de la composición de su biblioteca personal y de algunos textos críticos en los que reflexiona acerca de su labor traductora. Sostenido en los criterios de grado, funciones y alternancia propuestos para pensar el multilingüismo individual, el trabajo plantea que cuando Pezzoni escribe estos textos en los que menciona la actividad de traducción —propia o de terceros— no solo expone el multilingüismo que practica sino que también establece una reflexión crítica sobre esta actividad, a través de la cual la define, y establece criterios para el trabajo con las lenguas. En este sentido, se interroga parte del conjunto bibliográfico que integra la biblioteca personal de Enrique Pezzoni para observar cómo está puesta al servicio de un proyecto de escritura junto con algunos materiales de archivo en los que se observan operaciones también ligadas al cruce de lenguas.
The Double-Derivative Text
Authors: Zuckier Shlomo
Published: February 2025

A brief Damascus Document passage, CD 2:14–18, utilizes two authoritative corpora simultaneously. This study demonstrates through a close textual analysis that the passage is rewriting or reusing both Proverbs 7:24–27 and 1QS 1:3–9 of Serekh ha-Yahad. It goes on to consider the particular methodological advantages and complications that such a phenomenon offers for understanding rewriting in the Qumran context.
From Pandas to Corals: Assessing the Animal Welfare Impacts of Assisted Reproduction Technologies
Authors: Sims Toni , Franks Becca , Ryan Erin , Sebo Jeff
Published: February 2025

While assisted reproduction is potentially beneficial for wild animals, it also raises significant ethical concerns. In this paper, we consider the welfare effects of assisted reproduction for individual wild animals, considering corals and pandas as case studies. Many (if not all) wild animals are welfare subjects who deserve moral consideration. We emphasize that human interventions in wild animals’ lives, even when made with good intentions, can often have unintended and undermining consequences.
Orophea phouphamarnensis (Annonaceae), a new species from limestone karst in central Laos
Authors: KONGXAISAVATH DEUANTA , TAGANE SHUICHIRO , SOUVANNAKHOUMMANE KEOOUDONE , PHENGMALA KAJONESUK , SENGTHONG ANOUSONE , DANG VAN-SON , NGUYEN QUOC BAO , YAMAMOTO TAKENORI , TANAKA NOBUYUKI , TAKAHASHI KOTARO T. , SOULADETH PHETLASY
Published: February 2025

In Southeast Asia, approximately 408,000 km2 is covered with limestone, most of which was originally fragmented in distribution (Clements et al. 2006). In Laos, the limestone area is about 30,000 km2, covering ca. 12.6% of land in northern and central Laos. Khammouane Province, central Laos, is one of the core sites of limestone in the country where two main national protected areas, Phou Hin Poun National Protected Area and Hin Nam No National Park, are well known. In addition, the Nam Sanam-Phou Pha Marn Provincial Protected Area (hereafter PPA) covers an area of about 1,500 km2, in which the Rock Viewpoint Phou Pha Marn covers a huge area of the PPA.
Actinocyclus aquae-dulcis sp. nov. (Coscinodiscophyceae, Coscinodiscales, Hemidiscaeae), a new centric diatom from Lake Akan and northern coasts of Japan
Authors: CHIBA TAKASHI , OSADA RYOSUKE , TUJI AKIHIRO , IDEI MASAHIKO
Published: February 2025

Morphological classification and molecular analysis were performed on a diatom species of the genus Actinocyclus collected from freshwater Lake Akan, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. This species is characterized by possessingmultiple horseshoe-shaped rimoportulae, a feature not found in other Actinocyclus species. This species was reported in a previous study, in which it was given the tentative species name and in this paper, we formally define the taxon as a new species as Actinocyclus aquae-dulcis. We also report another occurrence of A. aquae-dulcis sp. nov. from the Yoneshiro River mouth area, Akita, Japan.
Review of the genera Homotropus Förster and Syrphoctonus Förster (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Diplazontinae) from Japan
Authors: MORISHITA SHUNSUKE , WATANABE KYOHEI
Published: February 2025

The Japanese species of the genera Homotropus Förster and Syrphoctonus Förster are reviewed. Twelve species of the former and two species of the latter are recognised in the Japanese fauna. Homotropus japonicum sp. nov. is described as new. Homotropus areolaris (Uchida, 1957), H. crassicornis Thomson, 1890, H. klopfsteinae Johansson, 2020, H. megaspis Thomson, 1890, and H. sundevalli (Holmgren, 1858) are newly recorded from Japan. Generic positions of Syrphoctonus infuscatus Uchida, 1957 and S. kuroashii Uchida, 1957 are changed from Syrphoctonus to Homotropus. The following four synonyms are newly proposed: S. momoii Uchida, 1957 = H. megaspis; S. spinosus Uchida, 1957 = H. areolaris (Uchida, 1957); S. enizemopsis Uchida, 1957 = H. sundevalli; S. tenuitibialis Uchida, 1957 = H. megaspis. Some new distribution records and a key to the Japanese species of Homotropus are also provided.
Stressors and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults: The Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy
Authors: Pham Minh Ngoc , Bhar Sunil
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Understanding the factors protecting life satisfaction in older adults despite stressors is central to late-life wellbeing. This study examined whether self-efficacy moderated the relationships between negative life events, hassles, and life satisfaction in older adults. Methods: The sample comprised 176 older adults aged 60 or above. Two moderation models were tested, controlling for gender, socioeconomic status and health status. Results: The negative relationship between adverse life event and life satisfaction was stronger for individuals with lower self-efficacy. There was no evidence that self-efficacy moderated the relationship between hassles and life satisfaction. Discussion: The study is the first to provide empirical evidence for the role of self-efficacy in buffering the association between negative life events and lower life satisfaction. Strategies to increase self-efficacy can be incorporated in interventions and policies to enhance resilience in this growing population.
Mechanical behavior of porous silicon: Ab initio and nanoindentation study
Authors: Bouchendouka S. , Lachenani H. , Belaroussi Y. , Ali-Messaoud A. , Maafri D. , Zatout B. , Gabouze N.
Published: February 2025

In this study, we used the ab-initio pseudo potential plane wave (PP-PW) approach based on density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the effect of porosity of porous silicon (PSi) on its elastic properties. The influence of porosity: 3.12%, 15.56%, 28.12%, and 40.62% on its elastic properties realized by using supercell model was studied. The results obtained are compared to those acquired experimentally by nanoindentation. The results showed that porosity has a great effect on its elastic properties and indicated that the latter decreased with increasing porosity of PSi. A comparison between the Young's modulus, bulk modulus and hardness calculated with DFT for each porosity, those obtained experimentally, and that collected from the literature reflects globally similar behavior.
Disentangling Career Change Magnitude Through Expert Analysis
Authors: Orie Sieraadj , Peeters Ellen R. , Semeijn Judith H.
Published: February 2025

This article quantitatively assesses the magnitude of voluntary career changes through a conceptual typology based on a career and a work system theory, resulting in 68 distinct career change scenarios. Thirty professional Dutch career counselors participated in a Q-sorting study, with multidimensional scaling revealing two primary dimensions and four career change magnitude quadrants. The first dimension, termed “crossing of organizational social spaces,” shows that career change magnitude increases as an individual crosses boundaries beyond the current work organization. The second dimension, termed “work-related differences,” indicates increasing magnitude when changes relate more to work elements. The findings offer theoretical insights into conceptualizing and measuring career change magnitude and practical implications for career counselors supporting clients through transitions. Future research should explore the relationships between career change magnitude and the antecedents, process, and outcomes of career transitions.
Flame-retardant functionalized boron nitride for epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy and enhanced thermal conductivity
Authors: Yang Yongze , Lin Liming , Wang Zhengzhou
Published: February 2025

A flame-retardant functionalized boron nitride (BN@DT) was prepared through the modification of boron nitride (BN) by a reaction product (DT) among 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), 4-aminobenzoic acid, and p-phthalaldehyde, and the effect of BN@DT on flame retardancy, thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of epoxy resin (EP) was investigated. The EP composite with 15 wt% BN@DT (EP/15BN@DT) achieves the UL-94 V-0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 40%. The peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke production of EP/15BN@DT are reduced by 36.3%, 31.9% and 38.9%, respectively compared with the ones of pure EP. The thermal conductivity of EP/15BN@DT increases by 148% in comparison with that of pure EP. Moreover, the tensile and impact strengths of EP/15BN@DT are higher than the ones of the EP composite containing 15 wt% unmodified BN. This work provides a promising method for the preparation of the thermally conductive EP composites with excellent flame retardancy.
Train-velocity-filtering of wayside noise to measure grind effectiveness when targeting variable wavelength rail corrugation
Authors: Carneiro Julian , Lasisi Ahmed , Regehr Jonathan , Jeffrey Ian , Magel Eric , Chénier Sylvie , Reimer Mark
Published: February 2025

We propose and apply novel corrugation and corrugation-related noise metrics designed to help maintainers monitor corrugation actively (on rail) or passively (by proxy through noise) at locations in a transit property. The novelty of our approach consists of incorporating wavelength-variable corrugation filtering, and wavelength- and velocity-dependent noise weighting into existing rail corrugation and wayside noise metrics primarily for municipal rail maintenance. The modified metrics isolate corrugation and corrugation-related noise in a manner tailored to a property’s operational characteristics, such as train velocity. The proposed modified metrics are applied to a data set collected from a pre- and post-grind monitoring regimen at 17 measurement sites in a North American property to investigate their responses. This study demonstrates the benefit of adapting the filtering methodology used to produce summary corrugation statistics to suit a specific property’s corrugation needs. It also demonstrates the need to include target corrugation wavelengths and approximate train velocity to appropriately weight the noise spectrum in a sample. These developments supplement the available methods that property maintainers can adopt to monitor corrugation conditions at discrete locations throughout a system by providing tools/metrics that are specifically designed to correctly assess the appropriate wavelength of corrugation on the rail face, thereby allowing maintainers to then accurately monitor corrugation via noise by means of passive wayside measurements.
A novel neural network method of aerodynamic performance prediction for wind turbine airfoils under glaze ice conditions
Authors: Zhang Xu , Cui Lengshuang , Zhang Xiaoyao , Li Wei
Published: February 2025

Ice accretion on the blade surface, particularly the glaze ice with protruded horns, causes a severe decrease in the wind power utilization. The characteristics research on the airfoil under glaze ice conditions is the basis of exploring the anti-icing method in view of the important role of an airfoil in the aerodynamic shape of the blade. The protruded horn shape of glaze ice complicates the meshing process of airfoils and increases the number of grids, whereas more grid cells make the amount of aerodynamic computation huge. In the present study, a novel neural network method is developed for the prediction of the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine airfoils with glaze ice. The biases of nodes, connection weights between nodes, and parameters of link switches are chosen as the design variables. The social learning is adopted to modify the potential well center update mode of non-optimal particles, and the Lévy flight is combined with greedy algorithm to identify the position of optimal particles for Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO) algorithm. The testing error is introduced to interfere with the selection of global optimal particle, and the optimizer, based on the SLLQPSO (with SLLQPSO denoting improved QPSO) algorithm combined with Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) algorithm, seeks the solutions minimizing the training error of neural network. A new neural network, namely SLLQPSO-BPNN, is established after being trained by Back Propagation (BP) algorithm, and predicts the lift and drag coefficients of S809 and NACA64618 airfoils with glaze ice. Significant performance improvements are achieved for QPSO algorithm and neural network, confirming that a novel neural network method with high accuracy is provided for the aerodynamic performance analysis of wind turbine airfoils.
Comparison of the physical properties of CdxZn1-xS-based nanocomposite materials produced via sonochemical and SILAR approaches
Authors: Gahramanli Lala , Muradov Mustafa , Eyvazova Goncha , Karimova Aynura , Jafarov Maarif , Gomez Cristian Vacacela , Bellucci Stefano
Published: February 2025

The study presents the synthesis and characterization of CdxZn1-xS-based nanocomposite materials, using the sonochemical and the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) approach. In the sonochemical approach, Cd0.4Zn0.6S nanoparticles were synthesized using three various stabilizers—polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA), and styrene for analysis the effect of stabilizers on nanoparticle properties. CdxZn1-xS/PVA nanocomposites with varying cadmium-to-zinc ratios (x = 0.2, 0.4, and 1) were synthesized using the same sonochemical approach to study their structural, optical, and morphological properties. Meanwhile, CdxZn1-xS/PVA nanocomposites (x = 0.1, 0.2, 1) were prepared using the SILAR approach, as well as Cd0.2Zn0.8S nanocomposites at various synthesis temperatures (25°C, 45°C, and 65°C). From the comparison of nanocomposite materials with the same stoichiometric composition by both approaches, it was determined that CdxZn1-xS compound is formed in phase with hexagon in ternary compounds, regardless of the type of used stabilizer and particle size. In binary compounds, the formation of a hexagonal phase is observed using the SILAR approach, and a cubic phase is observed using the sonochemical approach. There are significant differences in the Eg value of CdxZn1-xS -based composite materials during the synthesis of the same composite material by two different approaches. Red shift by sonochemical approach and blue shift prevails during synthesis by SILAR approach. Certain shifts between the two approaches in the determination of chemical bonds are associated with differences in the metal-sulfide bonding environment, which may be affected by the different particle sizes produced by the different synthesis approaches.
Prevalence and outcomes of mild stroke patients undergoing reperfusion therapy: A meta-analysis and SAFE recommendations for optimal management
Authors: Rajeswaran Pathmesh , Huasen Bella B. , Stanwell Peter , Killingsworth Murray C. , Bhaskar Sonu M. M.
Published: February 2025

Background

Mild acute ischemic stroke (AIS), characterized by a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 5 or less, can lead to significant long-term disabilities. Reperfusion therapies like intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) are commonly used in AIS, but their efficacy and safety in mild stroke cases remain unclear.

Objectives

This meta-analysis aims to clarify the prevalence of mild AIS and evaluate the outcomes of reperfusion therapy, specifically IVT and EVT, in terms of functional recovery, mortality, stroke recurrence, and adverse events such as symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and early neurological deterioration (END).

Design

A meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to combine and assess the results of independent studies examining the use of reperfusion therapies in patients with mild AIS.

Data Sources and Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases was performed. Studies assessing mild AIS prevalence and the outcomes of reperfusion therapy were included. Random effects modelling was applied to evaluate associations between reperfusion therapy and clinical outcomes at 90 days.

Results

Fifty-six studies, including 474 778 patients, were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of mild stroke was 54% among all AIS cases, 29% in IVT-treated patients, and 9% in EVT-treated patients. Reperfusion therapy was associated with significantly increased odds of sICH (OR 2.92), ICH (OR 2.20), and END (OR 2.37). However, no significant association was found with excellent functional outcomes (OR 0.93), good functional outcomes (OR 0.91), mortality (OR 1.14), or stroke recurrence (OR 0.93) at 90 days. Variations were observed between different reperfusion subgroups.

Conclusion

Mild AIS is prevalent, and reperfusion therapy in these cases is linked to higher rates of adverse events without a clear benefit in functional outcomes or mortality. These findings support the need for selective reperfusion therapy in mild stroke patients. The proposed SAFE framework—Selective use of IVT, Assessment of individual factors, Focus on EVT for large vessel occlusion (LVO), and Establishment of region-specific guidelines—may help guide clinical decisions. Further research should refine patient selection criteria and explore adjunctive therapies.
Mechanical Model and Vibration Reduction Analysis of a Z-type Energy Harvester
Authors: Cai Qipei , Ma Guoliang , Li Yuchuan , Anish Mahato , Kan Xuanen
Published: February 2025

In this paper, dynamic modeling and vibration reduction of a Z-type energy harvester are studied. Firstly, a new energy harvester is designed, which can be placed under the soles of people's shoes. Two V-type energy harvesters are combined into one Z-type energy harvester. The mechanical model of the V-type energy harvester is established to analyse the natural frequency. Secondly, the finite element model of V-type and Z-type energy harvesters are established to calculate natural frequencies and modes, and the positions of the maximum displacement, stress, strain are pointed out to paste piezoelectric materials as power generation device. Finally, after placing lattice material at the bottom, a vibration reduction analysis was conducted. The vibration displacement rapidly decays within 0.5 s. The results show that the modeling method and analysis are valuable.
LPV eBoost assisted pressure and EGR rate control of a diesel engine air charge system
Authors: Gamache Corey , Zhu Guoming , He Tianyi
Published: February 2025

Turbocharged engines often suffer from significant intake manifold pressure response delay due to so-called turbo-lag. Many technologies have been investigated to combat this phenomenon, and combinations of them are often utilized together. The addition of these technologies to already complicated modern engines presents a significant coordinated control challenge due to high system nonlinearity, especially with large operating ranges of engine speed and load. In this paper, a model-based gain-scheduling control strategy is developed, utilizing a constrained [Formula: see text] linear parameter-varying (LPV) control strategy, for the Ford 6.7L 8-cylinder diesel engine equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and added eBoost along with a bypass valve. The nonlinear eBoost air charge system is described by an LPV model with two scheduling parameters, engine load and bypass valve position, for this study and LPV controllers are designed for the given operating range of these two parameters. Due to the computational limitation of the production-type control module, the LPV controller is implemented by interpolating LPV control gains solved offline at various grid points of the scheduling parameters to avoid matrix inverse calculation online. The LPV control strategy is validated in both simulation and experimental studies, indicating an up to 84% reduction in engine response time in terms of reaching target intake manifold (boost) pressure following a load step-up, compared with the production configuration (without eBoost and bypass valve) while maintaining the level of NOx emissions. The developed strategy is additionally compared to two previously developed control strategies: a dual-output proportional-integral-derivative (PID) strategy and a model-based linear quadratic tracking with integration (LQTI) strategy.
Effects of employing B24 biodiesel on marine two-stroke diesel engine through comprehensive evaluations of cylinder oils
Authors: Rao Xiang , Lv Yonggang , Guo Zhiwei , Yin Huabin , Hu Haofan , Sheng Chenxing , Yuan Chengqing
Published: February 2025

The utilization of alternative fuels, such as biodiesel, plays a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in maritime transportation. However, employing biodiesel potentially impacts the performance of engine critical components, thereby influencing the reliability of marine diesel engines. Therefore, this study first collected cylinder residual oils from a marine two-stroke diesel engine employing B24 biodiesel. Subsequently, cylinder residual oils were subjected to comprehensive tests, including oil ferrographic and spectroscopic analysis, rheology behavior, moisture testing, thermogravimetric properties, and insoluble analysis. The results indicate that the initial utilization of B24 biodiesel led to fuel compatibility and adaptability issues, resulting in fuel dilution of oils. In specific, the cleanliness and thermal stability of cylinder oils decreased, while the concentration of iron, vanadium, moisture, and insoluble in oils, and oil viscosity significantly increased, indicating increased engine wear during this stage. With prolonged utilization of B24 biodiesel, the cleanliness of cylinder oils increased, and other performance was also restored to normal levels compared to those of employing low sulfur fuel oil. These research findings demonstrate the adaptability of B24 biodiesel in marine diesel engines, also providing data support for the utilization of biodiesel in maritime applications.
Music in Mind Training: Producing a theory of change model to evaluate the implementation of an improvisation-based music-making training programme for care home staff working with people with dementia
Authors: McPherson Dougal Henry James , Dowlen Robyn , Bithell Caroline , Gagatsis Alexander , Young Alys , Hoskin Lizzie , Thomas Max , Riley Cathy , Keady John
Published: February 2025

Background

In the UK, care home staff are often involved in musical practices as part of their professional activities. However, to date there is a lack of relational evidence that underpins improvisational music-making programmes in care homes, as related to the wellbeing of care home staff and musicians who deliver such work. This process evaluation accesses Manchester Camerata’s 20-week ‘Music in Mind Training’ programme for care home staff working with people living with dementia in care homes, with a focus on care home staff.

Aims

(i) To produce a Theory of Change model outlining the core mechanisms of change for Music in Mind Training; (ii) To evaluate the ‘in-the-moment’ and prospective impact of Music in Mind Training on participating care home staff practice and wellbeing.

Methods

Conducted in two care homes, the study employed online observation of hour-long training sessions ( n = 18), semi structured interviews with participating staff and musicians ( n = 4), and oral histories interviews with stakeholders involved in programme development ( n = 18).

Findings

Participating care home staff reported a general increase in their motivation, wellbeing, and confidence through taking part in the training programme, while indicating a drop in confidence related to future delivery at the programme end. The study also indicated how care home staff implemented change to their day-to-day practice by incorporating their learning into interactions with residents in structured music sessions, and more broadly in daily interactions.

Conclusion

The presented Theory of Change model details core interpersonal mechanisms of change for this musical training programme, centred on (1) collaboration, (2) shared values, (3) respect and validation, and (4) openness and reflection, outlining pathways for impact regarding practice change and staff wellbeing. Subject to further refinement and testing, the model could be applied to other contexts to help provide a more rounded account of education and training in dementia care settings.
Enhancing Conversational Skills in Autistic Adolescents: The Impact of Telehealth-Delivered Video Modeling and Topic Choice
Authors: DeAngelo Sarah , Gregori Emily
Published: February 2025

This single-case study evaluated the effectiveness of integrating choice of conversation topic into a telehealth delivered video modeling intervention for improving conversation skills in an autistic adolescent when interacting with a caregiver. The intervention, delivered via telehealth, positively impacted the adolescent’s question answering and engagement, supporting existing research on the efficacy of video modeling and personalized interventions. In addition, incorporating topic choice into the intervention positively impacted the participant’s conversational engagement. The study highlights the role of intrinsic motivation and natural supports enhancing intervention outcomes. It also demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention for the participant and caregiver, underscoring the potential of technology-based interventions to improve accessibility and effectiveness, making them a valuable option for families and practitioners.
Multiple sclerosis
Authors: Taylor Susanna
Published: February 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Signs, symptoms and disease course are variable between people with MS. People with MS may initially present in primary care, therefore, it is important for GPs to recognise the signs and symptoms associated with MS so that prompt referral, investigations and treatments can be initiated. This article will summarise the pathophysiology, epidemiology, risk factors, types of MS, and initial presentations of MS. This article will also review the current diagnostic criteria and treatments available for MS and explore other social factors GPs should consider when caring for people living with MS.
Radiotherapy combined with locoregional hyperthermia for oligoprogression in metastatic melanoma local control
Authors: Borkowska Aneta Maria , Chmiel Paulina , Rutkowski Piotr , Telejko Maria , Spałek Mateusz Jacek
Published: February 2025

Background:

The evidence base for the management of oligoprogression in metastatic melanoma (MM) is limited. To our knowledge, this study presents the first analysis of the local benefit (LB) of radiotherapy combined with hyperthermia during systemic treatment in this diagnosis.

Methods:

Patients with oligoprogressive MM who were treated with radiotherapy (RTH) combined with hyperthermia (HT) at a melanoma center between 2019 and 2023 were evaluated. Oligoprogression was defined as up to five progressive metastases. Inclusion criteria was the availability of dimensions assessment of the lesion subjected to RTH before and after treatment, patients without follow-up imaging after radiotherapy were excluded. The benefit of RTH + HT was evaluated in terms of local control (LC) rates and LB rates. LC was defined as the percentage of patients who met the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) criteria for stable disease (SD), partial response (PR), and complete response (CR). LB was defined as the proportion of patients who met the PR and CR criteria. In addition, overall survival (OS) rates were estimated. The association between BRAF status, age, concomitant systemic treatment, radiation total dose, and biologically effective dose and LC was estimated. Data regarding adverse effects associated with RTH + HT were compiled. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan–Meier estimator and log-rank tests and were used to compare between groups.

Results:

In total, 101 patients were included in the study, the median follow-up was 15.3 months (14–18 months). There were 56.4% BRAF(−) and 43.6% BRAF(+) patients. Most patients (71.3%) were irradiated during immunotherapy, 10.9% received concomitant BRAF and MEK inhibitors, and 3.9% had chemotherapy. LC and LB medians were not reached at the time of analysis. The 1- and 2-year LC rates were 93.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 88.1%–99.3%) and 88.3% (95% CI: 79.9%–97.6%), respectively. The 1- and 2-year LB rates were 87.5% (95% CI: 80.5%–95.2%) and 78.1% (95% CI: 67.9%–89.9%), respectively. The mean reduction in irradiated tumor size across the entire cohort was 72%. The mOS from radiotherapy was not achieved at the time of our analysis, accordingly 1- and 2-year OS rates were 100% and 95% (95% CI: 90.4%–99.9%). None of the evaluated factors influenced LC among patients.

Conclusion:

Hyperthermia with radiotherapy is an effective treatment for patients with oligoprogressive melanoma. This approach has resulted in excellent LC.