bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical activity in patients with rheumatic diseases: What the doctor and his patient should know
Authors: Rheumatology PANLAR Global
Published: June 2022

Today in Un Cafè por la Reumatologìa we will speak with experts in the area of rheumatology and sports science to discuss this type of pharmacological management.
CALCULATION OF VISCOELASTIC AND THERMOMECHANICAL PARAMETERS OF TIRE RUBBERS BASED ON THE RESULTS OF DYNAMIC TESTS
Authors:   V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of the NAS of Belarus, SHIL’KO Sergey V. , CHERNOUS Dmitriy A. ,   V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of the NAS of Belarus, KHOTKO Alexander V. ,   V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of the NAS of Belarus, BUHAROV Sergey N. ,   V.A. Belyi Metal-Polymer Research Institute of the NAS of Belarus
Published: June 2022

Viscoelastic and thermomechanical properties of tire rubbers have been studied to predict hysteresis losses during rolling of automobile tires. The temperature dependences of the elasticity modulus and the tangent of mechanical losses obtained by dynamic mechanical analysis and combined tests in the mode of quasi-static cyclic stretching with subsequent relaxation were used for the calculated determination of the deformation and dissipative parameters of 20 rubber compositions. As a basic theoretical description of rubber as a thermorheologically simple material, a linear viscoelastic Prony model is used, for the identification of which the Willams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) temperature-time analogy is used. The advantage of the computational and experimental approach used is the ability to determine the parameters of the WLF equation regardless of the values of other material characteristics. A fairly simple Mooney–Rivlin potential function for an incompressible material is used to describe large elastic deformations of the elastomer under study. The relaxation curve obtained by means of quasi-static tests is applied to assess the adequacy of the constructed mechanical and mathematical model. In particular, the comparison of the experimental relaxation curve with the results of calculations for tread rubber showed a discrepancy not exceeding 15 %. The performed analysis of viscoelastic and thermomechanical parameters of tire rubbers covers (and significantly exceeds in frequencies) the range of operating temperatures and loads of automobile tires. The results obtained can be used in the computational optimization of the composition of materials and the design of automobile tires according to the criterion of rolling resistance and minimizing heat generation in the tire during movement.
CONSTRUCTION OF DEEP CONTACT FATIGUE CURVES FOR SURFACE-HARDENED GEAR WHEELS
Authors:   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus, RUDENKO Sergei P. , VALKO Aleksandr L. ,   Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the NAS of Belarus
Published: June 2022

Laws of fatigue resistance changes of surface-hardened toothed gears are established. It is shown that the main criterion of serviceability of gear wheels of transmissions of power-saturated machines is deep contact pitting of active surfaces of teeth. Dependence is investigated between the number of cycles before the deep contact destruction of material and the maximal tension of cycle with taking into account the mechanical characteristics and structural parameters in the critical zones of the diffusion layers of the teeth, in which fatigue processes of deep contact destruction of material are developed. Lines of deep contact fatigue of teeth material are constructed by the criterion of equality of hardness value and structural parameters in the zones of fatigue processes development under cyclic contact loading. It is shown, that the deep contact fatigue of gear wheels hardened to a considerable degree is determined by hardness value and structural components of local volumes of teeth subsurface layers. Slope index of the deep contact fatigue lines of gear wheel material have been determined. Correlation coefficients and equations of linear regression have been obtained for each deep contact fatigue line depending on hardness value in the subsurface dangerous zone of the diffusion layer, in which formation and development of fatigue processes occur, leading to the limit state of the highly stressed gear wheels.
ON MODELLING OF GEOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF SUPPORTED ROCK MASS IN THE VICINITY OF UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES
Authors:   Belarusian State University, ZHURAVKOV Michael A. , LAPATSIN Siarhei N. ,   Belarusian State University, RIPKA Kirill A. ,   Belarusian State University
Published: June 2022

The paper presents a method of modelling the mechanical behavior of supported rock mass, in the vicinity of complex underground structures. The method is based on calculations of the effective mechanical properties of the bolted rock mass. The algorithm is based on the effective properties of a bolted rock unit that are obtained by conducting a series of numerical experiments. These experiments allow to define the values of correction factors, which, in turn, determine the difference in mechanical behavior of supported and non-supported rock mass. Such approach makes it possible to calculate the stress-strain state of complex space underground structures precisely without direct considering of the roof bolting elements. The application of the proposed method is demonstrated on the example of an applied problem of the strength assessment of geotechnical system “underground equipment chamber — enclosing potash rock mass”. The results of the research have a wide range of applications since they can significantly simplify and speed up the process of strength and stability calculations of bolted underground structures and make the results more accurate.
An Empirical Study on the Relationship of Financial Sector Development, Remittances Inflows, and Income Inequality in South Asian Countries
Authors: Karim Nayab , Tariq Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Azam
Published: June 2022

The study explores the moderating role of financial sector development in the remittances-income inequality nexus in the six highest remittances-recipient “South-Asian economies”, “namely “Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan”” for the period 2006 to 2019. The direct channel of remittances-income inequality and the financial sector development & income-inequality have been greatly explored in the literature, but the indirect channel, i.e. the moderating role of the financial sector in the remittances- income inequality nexus, is still lacking; this study tries to fill this literature gap. The study explores the indirect link of the financial sector based on financial access, financial stability, financial depth, and financial efficiency in remittances-income inequality nexus in highest remittances-recipient South-Asian economies. The study applied Fixed effects and Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) econometric techniques in order to examine the role of financial sector development in the relationship between international remittances and income inequality. The empirical findings of the study show that the financial sector development mitigates the income-inequality effects in the selected remittance-recipient South-Asian economies. The interaction term of financial sector development and remittances mitigate the negative influence of income inequality in the selected economies. Remittances abridge income inequality in the presence of a well-functioning and sound financial sector in the selected South-Asian remittance-recipient economies.
Antibiotic Therapy and Clinical Outcomes of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PA) Bacteraemia
Authors: Tan Sock Hoon , Teng Christine B , Ng Tat Ming , Lye David CB
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bacteraemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality. We assessed clinical outcomes in patients with PA bacteraemia treated with piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) versus other antibiotics, and monotherapy versus combination, all with proven activity by disc testing without minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data. Materials and Methods: All patients with PA bacteraemia in 2007 to 2008 were reviewed for demographic, comorbidity, clinical, laboratory, treatment and outcome data. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included microbiological clearance, clinical response and length of stay (LOS). Results: Median age for 91 patients was 65 years. Median Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II score was 30. Monotherapy was used in 77 cases: 42 on ceftazidime, 17 on TZP, 10 on carbapenems, and 8 on other antipseudomonal antibiotics. The 30-day mortality was 20.9%, and similar between ceftazidime and TZP versus other antibiotics respectively. More patients in combination versus monotherapy group had cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and vascular access as source of bacteraemia. Patients on monotherapy had higher 30-day mortality (24.7% vs 0%, P = 0.037). Multivariate analysis identified SAPS II score (OR = 1.097, 95% CI, 1.032 to 1.166, P = 0.003) and cancer (OR = 4.873, 95% CI, 1.235 to 19.223, P = 0.024) as independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Conclusion: TZP appeared to be an effective culture-guided antibiotic for PA bacteraemia. High 30-day mortality in monotherapy might be confounded by comorbidity, illness severity and sample size. Cancer patients and a high SAPS II score were independent predictors of 30-day mortality.

Key words: Bloodstream infections, Mortality
Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS) of Uterine Fibroids in Singapore
Authors: Han Nian-Lin R , Ong Chiou Li
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Uterine fibroids are the most common type of gynaecologic benign tumours, occurring in 25% to 50% of women during their reproductive lives. About half of the affected women have clinically significant symptoms, including abnormal bleeding, menstrual pain, frequent urination, constipation and abdominal distension. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) has been used to treat patients with benign lesions and a variety of malignancies. The objective of this study is to evaluate symptom relief before and after MR-guided ultrasound ablation of fibroids. Materials and Methods: A total of 37 patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids were treated in this study. Results: MRgFUS treatment led to a significant, time-dependent decrease in not only Symptom Severity Scores (SSS), but also the mean fibroid volume. The average reductions in volume were 41.6% and 52.6% at 6 months and 12 months respectively (P <0.05). The mean SSS of the 37 patients was 41.7 ± 2.8 before treatment whereas the average SSS was 26.9 ± 3.6, 20.7 ± 3.4, 18.5 ± 3.6, 16.5 ± 7.1, 9.8 ± 3.6 at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 to 4 years respectively. The decrease in scores was significant at all time points up to 3 to 4 years (P <0.05 and P <0.001). Conclusion: MRgFUS is a safe and effective non-invasive treatment for patients with symptomatic fibroids.

Key words: Non-invasive treatment, Symptom Severity Score
Younger Women with Ovulation Disorders and Unexplained Infertility Predict a Higher Success Rate in Superovulation (SO) Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)
Authors: Viardot-Foucault Veronique , Tai Bee Choo , Prasath Ethiraj Balaji , Lau Matthew SK , Chan Jerry KY , Loh Seong Feei
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Superovulation-intrauterine insemination (SO-IUI) is the most common assisted reproductive technique (ART) in the world, with good evidence of efficacy and cost-effectiveness. However, parameters affecting its success have not been consistently reported. So in this study, we aim at determining the parameters influencing the success rate of SO-IUI. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 797 SO-IUI cycles from 606 patients, performed between 2007 and 2009 in a single centre. These women received clomiphene citrate (CC), recombinant FSH (rFSH) or both. Results: There were 127 clinical pregnancies with a pregnancy rate (PR) of 15.9% (127/797) per treatment cycle. Factors associated with higher PR included maternal age <38 (P = 0.02), subfertility diagnoses of ovulatory disorders, unexplained infertility, sexual dysfunction and unilateral tubal obstruction (P = 0.02), an endometrial thickness ≥8 mm (P = 0.03), total number motile spermatozoa (TNMS) of ≥1 million (P = 0.03), and spermatozoa normal forms (NF) ≥4% (P <0.01) on bivariate analysis. When CC is used, the endometrial thickness is more likely to be suboptimal (<8 mm). All the above parameters remained significant except the subfertility diagnoses on multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Patients’ selection with women <38 years old and preferably with ovulation disorders and unexplained infertility is associated with the highest PR in SO-IUI. Cycle parameters such as the use of rFSH alone, with the avoidance of CC, TNMS ≥1 million and NF ≥4% is likely to result in the best outcomes and reduce the high order multiple pregnancy risk.

Key words: Assisted reproductive technique, Fertility, Ovulation disorder, Predictive factors
Limiting the Use of Primary Endocrine Therapy in Elderly Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Chan Shaun WY , Chan Patrick MY , Seah Melanie DW , Chen Juliana JC , Tan Ern Yu
Published: June 2022

Primary endocrine therapy (PET) is often included as a treatment option in elderly women with operable breast cancer. Elderly women tend to have pre-existing comorbidities and are often reluctant to undergo surgery. The benefit of surgery needs to be weighed against a relatively higher potential for operative morbidity and mortality, and a limited life expectancy. But while PET can provide relatively good locoregional control, it is not curative in nature and the possibility of local complications and metastasis remains. We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of PET in a series of 19 elderly women, older than 70 years of age, who had presented with operable non-metastatic breast cancer. Only about a third of these women were deemed medically unfit for surgery; the rest had declined surgery. Compliance was an issue, with almost half of these patients defaulting treatment and follow-up. Local control was achieved in most patients, but disease progression did occur in 5 patients. Three of these patients received additional treatment; which included surgery in 1 patient. PET should therefore not be considered an equivalent alternative to surgery in elderly women who were fit to undergo surgery. However, having observed that only 1 of the 6 deaths in our study was related to breast cancer, PET does have a role in women whose life expectancy is more likely to be limited by coexisting morbidities than the breast cancer itself. Key words: Local control, Non-operative management, Tamoxifen
Outcomes of Patients Presenting with Primary or Secondary Atrial Fibrillation with Rapid Ventricular Rate to the Emergency Department
Authors: Kang Hui Min , Ng Sheena JJ , Yap Susan , Annathurai Annitha , Ong Marcus EH
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) with rapid ventricular rate (RVR) is a common diagnosis in the Emergency Department (ED) requiring evaluation and treatment. We present the characteristics and outcomes of patients presenting with primary or secondary AF in a tertiary hospital ED. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients ≥21 years old, with a primary or secondary diagnosis of AF with RVR in the ED over a 1-year period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016. Primary AF is defined as AF with no precipitating cause and secondary AF as AF secondary to a precipitating cause. Results: A total of 464 patients presented to the ED from 1 January to 31 December 2016 with primary and secondary diagnosis of AF with RVR; 44.8% had primary diagnosis of  AF whereas 55.2 % had secondary AF. Overall admission rate from ED was high at 91.8% (primary 84.6% vs secondary 97.7%). Patients with primary AF were younger (68 vs 74 years, P <0.001), had lower rates of  cardiovascular risk factors, and shorter length of stay (median 4 vs 5 days). Within 30 days of  discharge, they had lower ED reattendance (16.3% vs 25.8%, P <0.001) and lower readmission (16.3% vs 25.8%, P <0.001). There was no mortality in the primary AF group (0% vs 9.8%, P <0.001). Conclusion: Currently, majority of patients with AF with RVR are admitted from the ED. Our study suggests patients with uncomplicated primary AF have lower adverse outcomes and some could potentially be treated as outpatients.

Key words: Characteristics, Outpatients
Complications and Pain in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea – Comparing Single and Multilevel Surgery
Authors: Chan Ching Yee , Han Hong Juan , Lye Weng Kit , Toh Song Tar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate differences in the complication rate and postoperative pain score between single and multilevel surgery performed on patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with obstructive sleep apnoea who underwent surgery in a tertiary referral centre over 3 years. Patients who underwent single-level nasal, palatal or tongue surgery were compared with patients who underwent concurrent multilevel surgery of 2 or 3 levels. Complications and the postoperative Visual Analogue Scale pain score were recorded and the outcomes between single and multilevel groups were compared. Results: The overall complication rate for patients was 12.6%, 6.7% if only patients requiring intervention were considered. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for complication rate for patients undergoing multilevel surgery and single-level surgery was 2.76. It was not statistically significant (P = 0.053) after adjusting for confounders. There was more pain in patients who underwent multilevel surgery than in the single-level surgery group. Conclusion: Concurrent multilevel surgery is a feasible option in patients with multilevel obstruction, especially if they are undergoing palate and tongue surgery, nose and palate surgery or nose and tongue surgery. There may be more complications, though it is not statistically significant. Further studies are required to investigate the differences between single-level nasal surgery and 3-level multilevel surgery. More patients undergoing multilevel surgery than single-level surgery experienced pain. Multilevel surgery patients should have their analgesia reviewed regularly and titrated accordingly.

Key words: Bleeding, Infection, Nose, Palate, Sleep surgery, Snoring, Tongue
Apnoeic and Hypopnoeic Load in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Correlation with Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Authors: Goh Joel CI , Tang Joyce , Cao Jie Xin , Hao Ying
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) often present with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). However, the relationship between EDS and OSA severity as measured by the apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) remains inconsistent. We hypothesise that this may be due to the usage and equal weightage of apnoea and hypopnoea events used in determining AHI and that apnoea and hypopnoea load as measured by their total durations may be a better metric to use. We sought to investigate if apnoea or hypopnoea load can display better correlation with ESS. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 821 patients with AHI ≥5, who underwent in-laboratory polysomnogram for suspected OSA from January 2015 - December 2015, was performed. Objective factors on polysomnogram were correlated with ESS. Results: ESS was correlated with age (r = -0.148, P <0.001), number of apnoeas (r = 0.096, P = 0.006), apnoea load (r = 0.102, P = 0.003), apnoea index (r = 0.075, P = 0.032), number of desaturations (r = 0.081, P = 0.020), minimum SpO2 (r = -0.071, P = 0.041), time SpO2 <85% (r = 0.075, P = 0.031) and REM sleep duration (r = 0.099, P = 0.004). Linear regression analysis found age (P <0.001), apnoea load (P = 0.005), REM (P = 0.021) and stage 1 sleep duration (P = 0.042) as independent factors correlated to ESS. The apnoea load calculated using duration in apnoea correlate with ESS in patients with severe OSA by AHI criteria compared to the mild category. Conclusion: AHI does not correlate with ESS. Younger age, longer apnoea, stage 1 and REM sleep were independently related to higher ESS though the correlations were weak. Apnoea load should be taken into account when determining OSA severity. Key words: Apnoea duration, Epworth sleepiness scale
Computed Tomography Urography: Comparison of Image Quality and Radiation Dose between Single- and Split-Bolus Techniques
Authors: Gifford John Nathan , Chong Mei Choo , Chong Le Roy , Yiin Shih Zhu , Fong Jeffrey KK , Teoh Wey Chyi
Published: June 2022

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to compare the split-bolus and single-bolus computerised tomography (CT) urography and determine if this offers a reduction in radiation dose without compromising image quality. Materials and Methods: A retrospective evaluation was performed on 88 patients undergoing split-bolus CT urography and this was compared to a control group of 101 consecutive patients undergoing single-bolus CT urography. A radiation dose analysis was performed on each subject. Subjects with urinary bladder lesions, hydronephrosis, renal masses or cysts >3 cm in diameter were excluded. All images were classified according to image quality by 2 consultant radiologists. Results: Opacification of  the renal parenchyma, pelvicalyceal system, proximal ureters and urinary bladder were comparable between the 2 techniques, whilst image quality of the middle and distal third of the ureters was better using the split-bolus technique. The mean dose length product (DLP) for the single-bolus technique was 1324.1 mGy·cm, whilst that of  the split-bolus technique was 885.7 mGy·cm. The mean effective dose reduction was calculated to be 31.1% between the 2 groups. Conclusion: The split-bolus technique gives a reduced radiation dose without compromising image quality. The associated reduction in images is beneficial for data storage and reporting efficiency. As such, our department will adopt the split-bolus technique for young, low-risk patients.

Key words: Intravenous pyelogram, Intravenous urogram
Clinical Findings of Ankylosing Spondylitis With and Without Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-B27 and HLA-B51
Authors: Jung Jae Hyun , Bang Cho Hee , Seok Hongdeok , Choi Sung Jae , Song Gwan Gyu
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Behçet’s disease are known to be associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 and HLA-B51 genes, respectively. However, many of their clinical findings―including articular and extra-articular symptoms―are similar, making diagnosis a challenge in the early stage of the disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in clinical findings of AS patients with and without the HLA-B27 gene. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 151 AS patients. The following clinical findings were evaluated: oral ulcer, genital ulcer, skin manifestation, uveitis, peripheral arthritis; and gastrointestinal, cardiac and pulmonary involvement. Patients were divided into 4 groups based on absence or presence of the HLA-B27 and HLA-B51 genes. The number of patients with each clinical finding was subsequently examined in each group. Results: The incidence of uveitis was significantly higher in the HLA-B27-positive group (P = 0.004); however, other clinical findings did not differ significantly according to the absence or presence of the HLA-B27 gene. There were no significant differences in the clinical findings of patients with positive and negative HLA-B51. Conclusion: HLA-B27 was associated with the development of uveitis but not with other clinical findings or disease activity in AS patients. HLA-B51 was not associated with the clinical findings or disease activity of AS. Key words: Axial spondyloarthritis, Behçet’s disease, Uveitis
Perioperative Medicine for Older People
Authors: Rogerson Andrew , Partridge Judith SL , Dhesi Jugdeep K
Published: June 2022

Global demographic changes have resulted in an older, frailer surgical population with significant multimorbidity causing higher frequency of adverse postoperative outcomes. The need for restructuring of perioperative care pathways to address this issue has been recognised. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and optimisation are emerging as innovative perioperative pathways. This paper describes one centre’s approach in applying CGA in the surgical setting and presents the evidence in support of this. Similar models are being established in Singapore in hip fracture, colorectal and vascular populations. The challenges in the widespread adoption of such models of care are similar across settings. The global nature of translation is also discussed in this paper.

Key words: Comprehensive geriatric assessment, Geriatrician-led multidisciplinary team, Optimisation
Prehabilitation and Its Role in Geriatric Surgery
Authors: Kow Alfred WC
Published: June 2022

As the world’s population ages rapidly, many elderly people are living to a much more advanced age than before. Consequently, medical conditions that require surgical interventions such as solid organ cancers are also getting more common. While young and fit patients may be able to withstand surgical stresses and recover rapidly after operation, older adults may find these challenging. Rehabilitation that is instituted in the postoperative period aims to help patients regain physical fitness and robustness to preoperative levels. However, recent studies have shown that prehabilitation may be more effective in bringing the fitness level of elderly patients to a higher level before they go for surgery. There are many controversies regarding the effectiveness of prehabilitation, the components of this intervention―be it mono- or multimodalities―and the duration of prehabilitation. This paper looks at the current evidence of this hot topic revolving geriatric surgery. Key words: Frail, Nutritional Intervention, Preoperative exercise, Psychological support
Structural Features of Sheep Farms in Ordu Province
Authors: ATEŞ Aslihan , CAM Mehmet
Published: June 2022

This study was carried out to determine the structural characteristics of sheep breeding, herd owners, and general characteristics of sheep breeding enterprises in Ordu province by survey method. There are 1883 sheep farms in Ordu, and it has been determined that in 1116 (59.27%) of these farms, the number of sheep is below 100 heads, the number of animals per farm, in general, varies between 1-3242 heads, and the average number of animals per farm is 102 heads. The study data were obtained from 76 farms selected according to the stratified sampling method among 100 animals or more farms. Of the 76 breeders surveyed, 59.21% graduated from primary school, 14.47% from secondary school, 22.36% from high school and 3.95 bachelor degrees. It has been determined that the level of education does not make a difference in production, management, and the attempt to do additional work (2=9.666, P=0.139). In the study, 26.3% of the herd owners are engaged in sheep breeding as a source of livelihood, while the remaining 73.7% are involved in sheep breeding together with other business areas. In conclusion, it was determined that the level of education, experience, age, and additional work status of the breeders were not effective on the size of the flock, the number of lambs obtained per ewe, lamb survivability and business management in sheep farms. As a result, for sheep farms to reach a more profitable, innovative and sustainable situation in Ordu province, those with less than 100 sheep per farm should be encouraged to increase the number of animals and the problem of finding a shepherd should be resolved.
A 'Natural' Suicide Rate, Hysteresis or Suicide Persistence? Evidence from U.S. State Level Panel Data,1980-2020
Authors: Kunce Mitch
Published: June 2022

Abstract

A growing literature probing the natural suicide rate hypothesis appears to have split into two factions. The first focuses on testing the strictly positive rate premise using 'ideal' socioeconomic conditioned empirically predicted values. The second examines the stationarity of the suicide rate time series. By exploiting an expansive (4 decade) panel of U.S. state-level suicide rates and characteristics, this paper aims to debit the inventories of both factions of the literature. Regarding the first, we provide a long-panel (3 decade) test of the strictly positive rate hypothesis where results reinforce the growing consensus that, even under the most pristine socioeconomic state, suicide occurrence endures. Additionally, we test the stationarity of U.S. suicide rates over time. Using panel methods that allow for cross-sectional dependence and structural deviations, we find strong evidence of non-stationarity (unit root) for the common factors of suicide rates in the U.S. This latter finding casts doubt on the usefulness of the natural suicide rate hypothesis.

Keywords: Natural suicide rate, Unit root, Panel data.
JEL Classifications: C32, C33, R12.
مـأزق ثنائيات الأصالة والمعاصرة.. التراث والحداثة في الحفاظ على الهوية الثقافية
Authors: والي طارق
Published: June 2022

أن المصطلحات هي منظومة قيم تحدد هوية المجتمعات ، لهذا لم تكتف الحضارة الغربية الحديثة بالهيمنة الاقتصادية والسياسية والعسكرية على مجتمعاتنا ، بل عملت على تصدير قيمها ومصطلحاتها وفرضها بأساليب تبدو في كثير من الأحيان أبعد ما تكون عن التفاعل والتأثير المتبادل بين الثقافات ، بل إنها تسعى في أحيان كثيرة إلى إجبار هذه المجتمعات على نسيان أو تغييب أو تزييف إدراكها لمعاني وقيم مصطلحات هي من صميم هويتها الثقافية ؛ ومنها ما تتعرض له مجتمعاتنا العربية من ضغوط ظاهرة وخفية من أجل تخلينا عن هويتنا ، ولعل من أكثر هذه المواقف إشكاليات فهم وتحديد ماهية مصطلحات هي متواترة في حياتنا الثقافية حول ثنائيات ظاهرها حضاري براق وتحمل في باطنها تبعية ثقافية وتغريب وبالأحرى تغييب للعقل العربي ، ، منها الأصالة والمعاصرة ـ التراث والحداثة ولعلنا اليوم في احتياج للخروج من هذا المأزق الحضاري ، كان مفروض علينا في السابق وأمسى متجذر فينا بدون وعي ، وعلينا أن نعيد فهم المصطلحات من ثقافتنا وحضارتنا وزماننا بهدف الحفاظ على هويتنا .. في هذا المقال ، نعيد التفكير في تلك المصطلحات وما تشكله من ثنائيات تحدد تفكيرنا ومسارنا، في محاولة الخروج من هذا المأزق الحضاري المفروض علينا في السابق ، وأمسى في الحاضر متجذر فينا بإرادتنا ، أو بالأحرى بدون وعي منا ..
Desenvolvimento de pão enriquecido com fibras e baixos teores de sódio
Authors: Martins e Cruz Gilza Andrea , Teles Rodrigues Júlia Letícia , Almeida Oliveira Clara Fernanda , Soares e Silva Camila Cristina , Liberato Greg´ório Eric
Published: June 2022

O presente estudo realiza uma modificação sobre a receita tradicional do pão francês a partir do seu enriquecimento com fibras e leite em pó, além da diminuição dos teores de sódio. Parte-se da necessidade de melhoramento nutricional de um alimento cotidianamente consumido. O objetivo foi avaliar a aceitação de provadores pela receita modificada. Além da análise por fotometria em chama para detecção da quantidade de sódio no produto desenvolvido, também se realizou uma análise sensorial, via escala hedônica, com 100 provadores não treinados. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram queda de 4,9 vezes dos teores de sódio no pão enriquecido, além de resultados positivos quanto à aceitação do alimento modificado pelos provadores quando se consideram características como aroma, sabor, cor e textura. A avaliação global também foi positiva por parte dos provadores e estes manifestaram atitude e intenção de compra caso o alimento tivesse disponível no mercado. Conclui-se que o acréscimo de ingredientes como leite em pó e fibras à receita tradicional de pão francês em substituição ao acréscimo de sódio possibilita manter a palatabilidade do alimento e aceitação deste por parte dos possíveis consumidores.
Avaliação do Consumo Alimentar Durante o Distanciamento Social Devido à Pandemia de COVID-19 em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais.
Authors: Teixeira Pereira Telma , Salgado Vieira Sette Nayara , Torres Lemos Raquel , Girundi Pereira Ana Paula
Published: June 2022

Objetivo: Analisar o consumo alimentar durante o distanciamento social em adultos residentes em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Metodologia: Foi utilizado um questionário autoaplicável com questões retiradas da Vigitel 2019 e outras relacionadas ao estresse e comportamento alimentar. Os participantes receberam o link do questionário no Google forms via mídias sociais, esses eram entre a faixa dos 20 aos 59 anos de idade, que se enquadraram aos critérios de inclusão do estudo. Os critérios de exclusão foram: grávidas, alcoolista, fumantes, pessoas em tratamento dietético e/ou uso medicação psiquiátrica, indivíduos diagnosticados com transtorno alimentar e/ou com a COVID-19 durante a pandemia, além da população que não permaneceu em distanciamento social, saindo para atividades de natureza social.  O cálculo amostral foi de 439 entrevistados feito com base em um tamanho de efeito de 0,10; valor esse calculado através de uma amostra piloto com o poder do teste de 80% e intervalo de confiança de 90%,  a computação amostral foi realizada pelo  programa GPower versão 3.1 .  Resultados: Um total de 382 pessoas responderam ao questionário, destes 68% eram do sexo feminino e 32% do sexo masculino. Cerca de 69% estavam na faixa etária entre 20 e 29 anos de idade e 40,4% dos participantes possuíam ensino superior incompleto. Observou-se o aumento do consumo de doces, massas e ultraprocessados relacionados com o estresse pelas mulheres; já na população masculina observou-se o consumo inferior destes alimentos. A ingestão de hortaliças apresentada pelos participantes foi inferior ao resultado da VIGITEL de 2019, já o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi superior. Conclusão: A pandemia causada pela COVID-19 levou a alterações nas práticas alimentares da população de Belo Horizonte, observando-se a diminuição da frequência do consumo de alimentos in-natura e minimamente processados e o aumento da ingestão de alimentos industrializados, relacionados ao estresse.
O uso de Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 na cólica infantil: um tratamento eficaz?
Authors: Pacheco Beatriz
Published: June 2022

O objetivo do presente estudo é realizar uma revisão integrativa da literatura para verificar a segurança e eficácia do uso de Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 no tratamento da cólica infantil. A busca científica foi feita nas bases de dados PubMed, Medline, Lilacs e nos metabuscadores Acessss e Tripdatabase, entre os meses maio e agosto de 2020. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão definidos, 11 artigos foram selecionados para compor o trabalho. A cerca dos resultados dos estudos, oito (72,7%) apresentaram desfechos positivos em relação a eficácia do Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 na diminuição dos sintomas de cólica infantil. Em contrapartida, alguns autores não encontraram diferenças significativas nos marcadores estudados, outros não relataram nenhum desfecho, apenas detalharam o protocolo de intervenção. Ainda que a suplementação de Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 tenha apresentado segurança e eficácia na maior parte dos estudos analisados, não há evidências suficientes para recomendar seu uso como uma estratégia generalizada de tratamento.
Caracterização morfofisiológica e metabólica de raízes de soja expostas ao alumínio
Authors:   , Andrade Renata
Published: June 2022

Solos ácidos com elevada saturação de alumínio (Al) ocorrem, principalmente em regiões tropicais e subtropicais, podendo comprometer a produtividade de plantas cultivadas. Sob essas condições, o alongamento da raiz pode ser prejudicado e, portanto, perturbar a absorção de água e nutrientes. No presente estudo, investigamos os sítios de acúmulo do Al nas raízes e seus efeitos sobre o crescimento, a fisiologia, o metabolismo em raízes de soja (Glycine max L.) nos genótipos A7002 e Suprema. As plântulas de soja foram cultivadas em sala de crescimento com solução de Clark contendo 0 (controle) e 100 µM de AlCl 3 , sob pH 4,0 e aeração constante, por 72 horas. Avaliamos os danos causados no alongamento da raiz, na morfologia e anatomia radicular e o teor relativo de Al no ápice da raiz. Também abordamos as respostas antioxidantes da soja ao estresse por Al, bem como moléculas indicadoras de estresses, como ROS e MDA. Os ajustes metabólicos pelas plantas frente ao estresse por Al também foram investigados. Nossos resultados mostraram maior acúmulo de Al nas camadas superficiais do genótipo A7002 e mais internamente no genótipo Suprema. Além disso, o genótipo Suprema acumulou maior teor de Al, fato que prejudicou o crescimento da raiz nesse genótipo. Ambos os genótipos apresentaram resultado positivo para o corante Chrome Azurol’S e pela microanálise de raios-X acoplada ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV-EDS), sendo possível observar acúmulo de Al nas células do ápice celular. Adicionalmente, pela micrografia obtida pela técnica de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) observa-se uma descamação nas células das células externas do ápice radicular após exposição ao Al. Ambos os genótipos apresentaram aumento na concentração de açúcares solúveis como glicose e frutose, e para o teor de amido houve redução na Suprema. Já em A7002 ocorreu aumento na concentração de malato nas raízes. Entretanto para as enzimas do estresse oxidativo não ocorreu diferenças significativas quanto suas atividades em ambos os genótipos. Desta forma, o genótipo A7002 demostrou maior tolerância em frente ao Al principalmente pela utilização de dois importantes mecanismos: exsudação de malato e restrição à entrada radial do Al nas raízes imposta pelas células externas das raízes. Por outro lado, o genótipo Suprema se mostrou suscetível ao estresse por Al, acumulando altas concentrações desse metal nas raízes, promovendo danos ao crescimento radicular e modificando o metabolismo primário, além de aumentar a concentração de espécie reativa de oxigênio. Palavras-chave: Toxicidade do alumínio. Ápice radicular. Glycine max. Metabolismo primário. Enzimas antioxidantes.
Simulation of an electro-hydraulic circuit for ALARS
Authors: Duțu I.C , Axinte T , Vlăduț O , Damian R , Duțu M.F
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the authors present hydraulic and electro-hydraulic simulations of the circuits needed for ALARS (Automated Launch and Recovery System).  In fact, the ALARS is used to launch the side-scan sonar into the sea. First hydraulic circuit has the following devices: tank, filter, fixed displacement pump, check valve, 4/3- way valve with two buttons, throttle valve, pressure relief valve and hand lever valve, tanks reservoir, filter and double acting cylinder (Cy 1-1). Afterwards, second hydraulic circuit has the following devices: pump unit, 4/2-way hand lever valve, throttle valve and two double acting cylinders (Cy 2-1 and Cy 2-2). Forward, the first electro-hydraulic circuit has the following devices: lamp, valve solenoid, pressure relief valve, double acting cylinder (Cy 3-1), throttle valve, 4/2-way solenoid valve, fixed displacement pump, valve displacement pump and tanks. Ultimately, the second electro-hydraulic circuit has the following devices: tank, pump unit, pressure relief valve, double acting cylinders (Cy 4-1 and Cy 4-2), relay, valve solenoid, and lamp.
The main tasks of the internal affairs bodies for the early prevention of crimes
Authors: Juraev Farkhod
Published: June 2022

The article substantiates the social need for the internal affairs bodies to organize activities to combat crime on the basis of modern trends, to jointly combat global threats and risks, to study advanced approaches in this direction and to expand the exchange of experience.
Ўзбекистон республикасида мустақиллик йилларида хотин-қизлар спортини ривожлантириш истиқболлари
Authors: Омонова Сарвиноз , Рахматова Дилбар
Published: June 2022

Мақолада тарихий ва меъёрий-ҳуқуқий ҳужжатлар, аниқ рақамлар орқали мустафқиллик даврида хотин-қизлар спорти соҳасида амалга оширилган улкан ишлар, мамлакатимиз спорт ҳаракатидаги асосий воқеа-ҳодисаларнинг хронологик ривожланиш динамикаси кўрсатилган.
Ўзбекистон тарихи давлат музейида фондларнинг эвалюцион ривожланиши
Authors: Боймирзаев Сарвар
Published: June 2022

Ушбу мақолада Ўзбекистон тарихи давлат музейининг ташкил этилиш сабаблари ҳамда бугунги кунгача бўлган даврдаги фаолияти ҳақида сўз юритилган. Шу билан биргаликда, музей ташкил этилган дастлабки даврда фаолият юритган бўлимларнинг мақсад ва вазифалари, музей ходимлари томонидан ташкил этилган экспедициялар натижасида музейдаги нумизматика, археология, этнография каби фондларининг шаклланиши ҳамда бугунги кунга келиб, уларнинг ҳар бирида қанчадан ашёлар сақланаётганлиги тўғрисидаги маълумотлар берилган.
Popüler Bilim Sitelerinin Fen Kavramlarına Yönelik Algıya Etkisi
Authors: YAYLA ESKİCİ Gamze , HANÇER Ahmet Hakan
Published: June 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, popüler bilim siteleri kullanılarak yapılan öğretimle öğretmen adaylarının günlük hayattaki fen kavramlarına yönelik algılarının nasıl geliştiğini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada karma yöntem içerisinde incelenen müdahale deseni kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi fen bilgisi öğretmenliği 3. Sınıfta öğrenim gören 62 öğretmen adayından oluşmaktadır. Popüler bilim siteleri ile öğretim için sindirim ve boşaltım, fotosentez, maddenin yapısı, solunum, yakıcı-yanıcı-söndürücü madde, paslanma ve kaynama konularında popüler bilim sitelerinden eğitsel içerikler toplanmıştır. Bu içerikler bilim teknik ve popüler bilim (popular science) siteleri ile sınırlıdır. Video veya bilimsel anlatımlar ile gündelik yaşam temelli örnekler içeren eğitsel içerikler uzman görüşü alınarak belirlenmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak açık uçlu sorular ve çalışma yaprakları hazırlanarak yedi hafta süren uygulama tasarlanmıştır. Açık uçlu sorulardan ve çalışma yapraklarından elde edilen veriler ayrı ayrı analiz edilip, birleştirilerek yorumlanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, eğitim öncesinde çalışma yapraklarından belirlenen safra kesesinin görevi, yaprakların sonbaharda sararmasının nedeni gibi konulardaki yanılgılarının birçoğunun giderildiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
The Threshold Effect of Domestic Public Borrowing on the Nigerian Economy
Authors: Alenoghena Raymond Osi , Amase Justin , Aghughu Adolphus Arhotomhenla
Published: June 2022

TLike many other developing countries, the Nigerian government has increased domestic borrowing recently. This study examines the nonlinear relationship between domestic borrowing and economic growth, covering 1980 and 2019. The study adopts the threshold regression approach to establish the switching point between domestic borrowing and economic growth in Nigeria. The results reveal that the domestic borrowing and economic growth threshold is 14.88% of GDP with an inverted U-shaped curve. The maximum turning point of the variables implies the application of the debt Laffer Curve in Nigeria, showing that domestic borrowing is favourable to the economy before the threshold. However, additional domestic borrowing after the threshold induces an adverse effect on the economy. Also, the regression results of the non-varying threshold measures show that while the effect of external debt has been positive and significant on economic growth, gross fixed capital formation and inflation were negative and significant. Therefore, while recommending more rigorous monitoring and efficient utilisation of domestic borrowed funds by the government, the study emphasises the application of the threshold of 14.88% of GDP on domestic borrowing in the country.
Application of Rules and Regulations on Students’ Involvement in Arson at public boarding secondary schools in Migori County, Kenya
Authors: K’oder Jannes Okinyi , Otengah Wilson A. P. , Okello Lazarus Millan
Published: June 2022

In the last 20 years there has been global increase of episodes of school unrests characterized with violence and arson attacks. They resulted to destruction of schools’ property and death. Arson persists with latest cases seen in 2021. Past studies have not focused on social and cultural aspects in learning institutions as possible causes of arson. The study focused on the application of rules and regulations on students’ involvement in Arson at public boarding Secondary schools in Migori County. Descriptive Cross-sectional survey design. It involved 380 students of form 3 and 4 from 28 public boarding secondary schools which had experienced Arson from 2017 to 2020; and 28 KII’s. Probability sampling techniques were used to arrive at the respondents, KII’s were purposively selected. Questionnaires and FGDs were used on main respondents; and interview schedule for KIIs. Quantitative data was analyzed using Pearson’s product moment correlations and presented in graphs, tables and charts. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically. It was revealed that utilization of school rules and regulations had a positive significant relationship (r= .447, p<.05) with students’ involvement in arson. Further, informal discussion on school rules and regulations had a positive significant relationship (r= .487, p<.05) with students’ involvement in arson. The study recommends that the ministry of education should outline the guidelines for formulation of school rules and regulations
Обзор V Международного научного семинара по компьютерному моделированию, информационным и вычислительным технологиям - MIP: Computing-V 2022
Authors: Ковалев И.В. , Кузнецов А.С. , Ворошилова А.А.
Published: June 2022

Представлен обзор основных направлений научной программы V Международного научного семинара по компьютерному моделированию, информационным и вычислительным технологиям - MIP: Computing-V 2022 (V International Workshop on Modeling, Information Processing and Computing), который состоялся 25 января 2022 в г. Красноярске на площадке Красноярского краевого Дома науки и техники Российского Союза научных и инженерных общественных объединений. Приведены обзорные сведения о работах, которые были включены в программу пленарной сессии семинара и представлены в виде онлайн докладов и видео докладов участников с размещением на сайте материалов семинара. Даны сведения о партнере семинара – сервисе научных публикации с открытым доступом CEUR-WS.org. Материалы семинара MIP: Computing-V 2022 в виде статей на английском языке опубликованы в CEUR Workshop Proceedings, том 3091.
Gerbner’in Ekme Kuramı Bağlamında “Müge Anlı İle Tatlı Sert” Programının Alımlama Analizi
Authors: ULUSAL Dilek
Published: June 2022

Şiddet, bütün canlıların doğasında var olan bir dürtüdür. Diğer canlılardan farklı olarak sosyal bir varlık olan, toplumsal ve hukuki kurallara uygun bir biçimde yaşamak zorunda olan insanlar, cinsellik, saldırganlık vb. dürtülerini bilinçaltına iterek bastırır. Günümüzde bastırılan bu dürtülerin doyuma ulaştırılması noktasında kitle iletişim araçlarının rolü büyüktür. Kitle iletişim araçları, insanların dikkatini çekebilecek konulara yönelik programlar yayınlamayı daha çok tercih eder. Bu konuların başında ise “şiddet” gelir. Günümüzün ticari amaçlı kitle iletişim araçları, daha çok izleneceği düşüncesiyle, insanların bilinçaltında bastırdıkları şiddet, cinsellik gibi dürtüleri harekete geçirecek içerikler yayınlar. Televizyon, şiddet içerikli konuları farklı programlar içerisinde gündeme taşıyarak, çok geniş kitlelere anında ulaştıran günümüzün en popüler kitle iletişim araçlarından biridir. Televizyon ve şiddet üzerine ilk bilimsel araştırmaları gerçekleştiren George Gerbner, iletişim literatürüne “Ekme Kuramı”nı kazandırmıştır. Gerbner’in ekme kuramından hareketle gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, “Müge Anlı ile Tatlı Sert” programının izler kitle üzerindeki etkileri alımlama yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, programın uzun vadede izler kitle üzerinde şiddet algısını değiştirdiği ve şiddeti yetiştirdiği ortaya konulmuştur.