bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with professional stress at the teachers
Authors: Halouani N. , Smaoui F. , Derbel C. , Naoui R. , Alouloi J. , Amami O.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Teaching, as a profession, is recognized as demanding and stressful.

Objectives

(1) Evaluate the professional teacher stress, (2) Identify possible factors associated with it.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study, descriptive and analytical, conducted among teachers of high school Mahmoud Magdich in Sfax. (Tunisia). Participants were asked to complete the anonymous form detailing the socio-demographic, professional characteristics and any work stressors.

The evaluation of occupational stress was evaluated by the scale of “Karasek”.

Results

Thirty-six teachers replied to the questionnaires. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.38. The mean age was 48.77 years. The average number of years of exercise was 23.20 years and the average number of hours worked per week was 16.25 hours. The participants stress profile according to the scale of “Karasek” was: 55.6% stressed, 27.8%, assets, 11.1% liabilities, and 5.6% relaxed. The main stress factors mentioned were respectively: the inadequate salary (58.3%), difficult working conditions (52.8%), problems with students and parents (25%) and lack of organization at work (22.2%). Factors correlated with the profile “stressed” were: female gender (P = 0.026), lack of pastime practice (P = 0.034), teaching high school degree (P = 0.04), feeling that they work “too hard” in their work (P = 0.005), they are “the end” at the end of the working day (P = 0.015) and low social support (P = 0.005).

Conclusion

The occupational stress among teachers was quite important. Knowing how to identify factors and taking action would be interesting for the guarantee development for teachers. Students would be the ultimate beneficiaries.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A case report of comorbid Munchausen type factitious disorder with bipolar II disorder
Authors: Kotsi A. , Argitis P. , Chimarios A. , Platari P. , Kittas C. , Karabas A. , Vantzios E. , Paschalidis K. , Mavreas V.
Published: June 2017

We present an uncommon case of a 46-year-old woman suffering from Munchausen type factitious disorder comorbid with bipolar II disorder.

The patient was diagnosed with major depression disorder 4 years ago during her hospitalization in the internal medicine department after a suicide attempt and SSRI was prescribed.

Since the onset of the disorder the patient started complaining for physical symptoms, migrating from hospital to hospital seeking pathological and surgical interventions, fabulating her medical history. In the last 3 years, the patient visited the emergency room of university hospital of Ioannina 85 times and she was hospitalized in internal medicine or surgical clinics 16 times, performing 19CR, 11 CT and 4MRI.

Many times, she turned to the police suing the treating doctors. During her hospitalizations she refused psychiatric evaluation. Twelve months ago the patient finally visited a psychiatrist, bipolar II disorder was diagnosed and administrated quetiapine with good results to both, mood and ER visits (7 visits in one year and 1 hospitalization).

During the analysis of her mood switches, we observed non-euphoric hypomanic episodes and association of the hypomanic phase with the factitious behavior.

This case report reinforces the importance of maintaining a clinical suspicion of major psychopathology coexistence with factitious disorder.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Social cognition and bipolar disorder: A preliminary study
Authors: Ponte F.D.R. , Cardoso T.D.A. , Kunz M. , Rosa A.R.
Published: June 2017

Aim

To assess the clinical outcomes associated with social cognition impairment in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder.

Method

It was a cross-sectional study with convenience sample. The diagnose of bipolar disorder was performed by psychiatrist, using DSM-IV criteria, at bipolar disorder program – Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (Brazil), where the sample was recruited. The social cognition was assessed by psychologists using the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test.

Results

We included 46 euthymic BD patients: BD I (n = 39), women (n = 32), age (49.11 ± 13.17), and years of education (10.56 ± 3.80). Patients with social cognition impairment were not different of patients without social cognition impairment regarding socio demographic factors (gender, age, educational level, marital status, and employment status). Patients with social cognitive impairment showed higher rates of BD I patients (P = 0.036) and higher proportion of hospitalization in the first episode (P = 0.033), as compared to patients without social cognition impairment.

Conclusion

This is a preliminary study demonstrating that BD patients with social cognition impairment show worse clinical outcomes. Severe BD onset seems to be an important predictor of social cognition impairment. However, more studies are needed investigating social cognition impairment in subjects with bipolar disorder.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Compassionate Attributes and Action Scale for adolescents: Adaptation and validation
Authors: Cunha M. , Rodrigues C. , Matos M. , Galhardo A. , Couto M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Compassion can be defined as an intentional sensitivity to the suffering, with a motivation and commitment to try to relieve it, which can have a positive impact on individuals’ emotional and psychological well-being. The relevance of compassion focused therapies is well established and this makes the development of reliable instruments for the assessment of the different facets of compassion targeting different age groups crucial for research and clinical practice. The Compassionate Attributes and Actions Scale (CAAS) aims to assess compassion on three directions: self-compassion, compassion for others or compassion received from others. Each of the scales assesses one's compassionate attributes and compassionate actions separately when dealing with difficult or painful situations.

Objective/aim

This study aimed to adapt the CAAS for adolescents and to explore its factor structure and psychometric properties in a sample of Portuguese adolescents.

Methods

A total of 336 Portuguese adolescents with ages ranging from 12 to 19 years old participated in the study. Several exploratory factor analyses were conducted.

Results

Exploratory factor analysis showed that, except for the attributes section of the self-compassion scale (that showed to be bi-factorial), all the other scales (and their sections) presented a single-factor structure. The three scales, and its sections, demonstrated a good reliability and excellent test-retest reliability and good convergent and discriminant validity.

Conclusion

Results were in line with the factor structure found in the adults’ version. The scales and its sections have shown good psychometric characteristics and constitute a useful instrument to assess and investigate the three directions of the compassion.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Association between depression and alexithymia in adolescents with Acne vulgaris
Authors: Feki R. , Sellami R. , Feki I. , Trigui D. , Turki H. , Masmoudi J.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease that affects the majority of adolescents. The physical changes of acne may have negative effects on the psychological structure of adolescents such as anxiety and depression. Alexithymia has been suggested to be an important symptom in psychodermatological patients.

Objective

Our study aims to access depression in adolescents with A. vulgaris and to evaluate its relationship with alexithymia.

Methods

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study regarding 50 adolescents followed in the outpatient dermatology unit of Hédi Chaker University hospital in Sfax (Tunisia). To assess depression, we used a psychometric tool: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was used to evaluate alexithymia. The severity of acne was evaluated with the Global Acne Evaluation (GEA) Scale.

Results

The mean age of adolescents was 15 years 9 months. Almost all of adolescents was female (82%), and live in urban area.

The severity of A. vulgaris was mild in 50%, moderate in 32% and severe in 18%.

The prevalence of depression was 48%. Twenty-four percent of them have a major depression. Forty-six percent of patients scored positive for alexithymia.

The occurrence of depression was significantly associated to alexithymia (P = 0.003).

Conclusion

This study showed a positive correlation between alexithymia and depression.

These results can be useful in treatment based on processing of emotional information and regulation of emotions.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The use of guanfacine (Intuniv XR) in the treatment of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder – Clinical experience from telepsychiatry
Authors: Jain U.
Published: June 2017

Background

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorders (DMDD) is new to DSM-5 and represents children with rage episodes. Medical treatment is critical but few randomized trials. DMDD may be a replacement for the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder noted in DSM-IV with a heavy use of atypical neuroleptics. DMDD reflects a more moderate treatment of these symptoms.

Method

Telepsychiatry referrals 6–9 year old children randomized into n = 12 = group A (11 males/1 female), n = 13 = group B (11 males/2 females). ANOVA not significant (NS) in age and gender. Group A received guanfacine (GUA) titrated to weight between 3–4 mg. Both groups received behavior support. Group B did not receive medications. Analysis by t-test comparison.

Results

Group A showed significant improvement in frequency but not in intensity of rage episodes (P < 0.05). Major side effects include sedation and gastric irritation. Dropouts from original sample of 22 per group were based on inability to titrate, cost of drug, inability to swallow pills, worsening of symptoms with addition of an atypical neuroleptic.

Conclusion

GUA is a possible treatment for DMDD but there are limitations requiring further study. Group B did show improvement reflecting the utility of behavioral strategies (future studies require control groups) but GUA may provide a useful alternative to neuroleptics. Cardiovascular issues were not a problem and were assessed. Future studies are warranted.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
6-months follow up of lisdexanfetamine in adolescent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbid with severe conduct disorder
Authors: Otero Cuesta S. , Juncal Ruiz M. , Gómez Cancio M.J. , De las Heras M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Adolescents with conduct disorders (CD) often associate symptoms of executive dysfunction and developmental history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). There is high-quality evidence that psychostimulants have a moderate-to-large effect on conduct problems in youth with ADHD. Lisdexanfetamine (LXD) reduces impulsivity and others ADHD symptoms, has better daylong coverage and less abuse potential than others stimulants.

Aims

To evaluate the efficacy of lisdexanfetamine associated to psychological and family interventions in these multi-problem cases.

Method

This work presents for discussion the preliminary measures of the effectiveness and security of LXD (range between 50–70 mg, during 6 months), prescribed to seven boys, ages 15 to 17 with ADHD comorbid with severe conduct disorders. All of them were living in a Young Offender Centre, received intensive psychological and psycho-educational treatment during 6 months before and during the use of LXD. Structured clinical assessment, ADHD and Conduct Disorder Scales were performed before the onset and followed 3 and 6 months.

Results

Measures of ADHD, and CD symptoms improved at 3 and 6 months comparing to basal measures. Secondary effects were well tolerated and all patients showed a good adherence to treatment except for one of them who was drop out because of increase of anxiety.

Conclusions

Evidence indicates that LXD can be beneficial and well tolerate for impulsive and aggressive behaviours in teenagers with ADHD and severe CD. Limitations are the small number of cases and those related to the controlled observation method used.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Screening for depressive symptoms among adolescent consulting in emergency
Authors: Moalla M. , Feki I. , Sellami R. , Ktata A. , Feki S. , Masmoudi J.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Amongst adolescents, depression is a common mental health problem. Adolescent depression is associated with distress, functional impairment and difficulties in relationships with peers and family members. Depressive symptoms, even if sub-threshold to meet diagnostic criteria for a depressive disorder, are also risk factors for these difficulties. Adolescents rarely consult for their psychological distress. Emergency departments, which are often used by adolescents in this context, constitute a privileged place to detect this suffering.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among adolescents seen in emergency department.

Methods

Our study was a transversal type, descriptive and analytic. It was conducted with 106 adolescents consulting in emergency department. All adolescents completed a sociodemographic data and the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale (ADRS), a screening questionnaire for depression.

Results

The study included 106 adolescents. All of them consult for a somatic complain and none of them goes to the emergency department for a psychiatric reason. The mean age was 16.34 ± 2.54 (12→19 years). Sex ratio (♂/♀) = 0.89. The ADRS score was considered normal (score < 4) for 54.7% of the sample (n = 58) and 45.3% of adolescents (n = 48) had depressive symptoms (score ≥ 4). Depression was significantly correlated to bad school results (P = 10−3), tobacco use (P = 0.014), personal psychiatric history (P = 10−3) and family problems (P = 10−3).

Conclusion

Depressive symptoms are frequent among adolescents. Their consultations within emergency department provide a potential opportunity for their identification and for signposting to appropriate specialist services.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Long-term inyectable antipsychotics in adolescents. A case report
Authors: Nuevo Fernández L. , Muñoz V. , Saenz B. , Asensio L. , Mella L. , Font M.A. , Novo M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Actually psychiatrists around the world are treating children and adolescents (despite limited medical indications in this age group) with atypical antipsychotics at increasing rates for a range of psychiatric illnesses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, behavioral changes…). Over the last few years, a number of new long-term injectable treatments (ILD) have emerged, the advantages of which are found in adult (adherence, functionality, consistent blood level without daily peaks…) but we do not have enough data in minors.

Objectives

Discuss utility of ILD in adolescents.

Methods

We expose a case report about a 17-year-old man, when he was a child he was diagnosed with attention deficit disorder and autism spectrum disorder and also he had a story of disrupted behavioural and aggressively. After been hospitalized in our hospital we remake his clinic history and he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Before the injectable treatment (ABILIFY MAINTENA®) this patient tried various treatments (mood stabilizers, antidepressants…) and many hospitalizations.

Results

After the ILD, our patient has good functionality, he is now living with his parents and studying in the high school. He has not needed another hospitalization after the last one.

Conclusions

The ILD in adolescents must be a therapeutic option in mental disease, in this group is very difficult the complementation of the treatment, it's frequent the comorbid use of substances, this population are not used to take medications… so every treatment that facility this kind of problems must be a perfect weapon to improve their mental health and to prevent relapse and hospitalization.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Bipolar disorder and substance use disorders in a Tunisian sample
Authors: Mustapha S. Ben , Homri W. , Labbane R.
Published: June 2017

Aims

Describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients suffering from bipolar disorder and substance use disorders comorbidity and assess the consequences of this comorbidity on prognosis and evolution of bipolar disorder,

Methods

A case-control study, 100 euthymic patients treated for bipolar disorder, recruited in the department of psychiatry C of Razi hospital. Two groups of 50 patients were individualized by the presence or not of substance use disorders comorbidity. The two groups were compared for sociodemographic, clinical, therapeutic and historical characteristics.

Results

Compared to bipolar patients without addictive comorbidity, those with this comorbidity had the following characteristics: we found more male, less family cohesion, more domestic violence, more criminal records, more time spent abroad, more personality disorders especially antisocial and borderline, fewer triggers of bipolar illness, more mood episodes, more psychotic features, higher impulsivity BIS-10 score, an increased need to put in a neuroleptic long term treatment, poor adherence to treatment, lower response to treatment, lower score of global assessment of functioning (GAF), more rapid cycles, shorter period of remission, longer duration of the last mood episode, poor socio-professional integration and poor quality of intervals between mood episodes.

Conclusions

It seems important to insist on the identification and the treatment of bipolar disorder or substance use disorders when one of them is diagnosed. This needs to set up urgently facilities and care structures for patients with substance use disorders and to create more addiction consultations.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychogenic headache and analysis of 65 cases with craniocervical junction malformation operated
Authors: Vasconcelos S.C. , Holanda M.M.A. , Melo C.I.E. , Silva T.S. , Araújo-Neto S.A. , Neto E.J. Silva
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Craniocervical junction (CCJ) malformations are common pathologies in Northeast of Brazil, predominating Basilar Invagination (BI) and Chiari Malformation (CM), sometimes associated to syringomielia (SM).

Aims

Analyse the headache pattern in cases with CCJ malformation operated.

Methods

Retrospective study of 65 cases with CCJ malformation, operated between 1994 and 2015, with analysis of headache pattern.

Results

Of 65 cases operated, 29 patients (44.6%) had BI and CM, 26 (40%) had BI, CM and SM, 2, only CM and 1, CM and SM. Of all patients, 39 (49.2%) presented headache and 43 (66.1%), nuchal pain. Among those who presented BI and CM, 12 (41.4%) presented headache and nuchal pain association. Of 26 with BI, CM and SM associated, 11 (42.3%) presented headache and nuchal pain association. We notice yet the presence of brachycephaly in 44 cases (67,7%) and brevis collis in 42 (64.6%). Headache, nuchal pain, brachycephaly and brevis collis were all present in 9 patients (31%) of BI and MC group, and in 8 (30.8%) of IB, CM and SM group.

Conclusions

Several denominations referred to psychogenic headache: muscle contraction headache, stress headache and, finally, tension headache, well defined in the classification of International Headache Society (IHS) with clear diagnosis criteria. Bilateral location, predominantly occipital, is an important differential diagnosis with holocranial headache or occipital secondary to craniocervical malformations, and when associated to brachycephaly and brevis colis, should be carefully investigated. Diagnostic failure in symptomatic or neurological deficit’ patients can sequelae due to chronic compression of structures adjacent to CCJ.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Does comorbid depression and alcoholic dependence influence cognition in Bulgarian womеn?
Authors: Giannouli V. , Ivanova D.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Previous research on the impact of alcohol intake on human behavior and cognition has revealed the detrimental effects of alcohol dependence. Especially in women, depression is often associated with the initiation of alcohol abuse that provokes new episodes of depression and this cycle tends to chronify.

Objective

Although the co-occurrence of depression and alcoholism is well documented, there is still scarce data on the cognition of depressed alcohol-depended women. The aim of the present study is to examine the cognitive function in women who demonstrate both depression and alcohol dependence.

Method

A group of fifty-three Bulgarian women with a formal diagnosis of alcohol dependence (Mage = 43.89, SDage = 9.48; level of education: all with high school education) and varying levels of depressive symptomatology were examined at the Municipal Council on Drug Addiction Blagoevgrad. Information were collected from personal history taking (anamnesis), self-reports and the Lesch Alcoholism Typology–Questionnaire (LAT online program). The women were grouped according to their age (27–45 and 46–71).

Results

Results indicated that there is a significant influence of depression (P = .032), a slightly above the statistical significance level non-influence of age (P = .056), and an interaction of the influence of depression*age (P = .048) on self-reported cognitive performance.

Conclusions

The present research suggests that future researchers should further clarify in a more systematic way the factors that influence cognition in this special population with comorbid depression and alcoholic dependence.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cases where pituitary tumor is presented first with psychiatric signs are very rare
Authors: Pengili Taulant , Hashorva Anila , Prifti Ina , Lici Marsida , Balani Enida
Published: June 2017

Objective

To describe a rare case of Acromegaly presenting as psychotic disorder without neurological signs, in a 19 years old boy.

Method

Single case report.

Results

We describe the case of a 19 years old boy, that was taller than his peers and had started to grow his hands. He suddenly presented with an acute psychotic episode. He presented with persecutory delusions, perceptual abnormalities, disorganization and marked fluctuation in his behavior, he showed marked emotional liability, fluctuations in orientation and psychotic symptoms in the form of grandiosity, persecutory delusions and delusional misidentifications. At times, he was seen talking to himself, although he denied hearing any voices. There was no impairment of consciousness. His mood was irritable. An urgent CT and subsequent MRI scan revealed a pituitary macro adenoma, extending into the cavernous sinus. The initial diagnosis of prolactinoma was revised to acromegaly. His symptoms responded to combination of olanzapine and valproic acid, followed by trans sphenoid resection of the adenoma.

Conclusions

This case highlights the need for investigation, especially of neuroimaging, in atypical presentations of psychosis, which may be first manifestation of rare disorders like acromegaly. Despite a lack of information regarding the path physiology, this particular case emphasizes the importance of ruling out an organic cause for atypical presentation of psychosis.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Suspension of judgement: A tool for non-invasive therapeutic relationship
Authors: Buffardi G.
Published: June 2017

We often refer to our ability to perceive the other mind as a gift of our experience that helps us in our work. But to use this insight as a guidance counselor in the treatment process is sometimes a harbinger of relational mistakes that affect the success of the treatment.

The specialist, psychiatrist or psychotherapist (but also other aid professionals), has to learn the process of the suspension of judgment “epochè”, described in Jaspers’ psychopathology.

To foster learning of “epochè” we developed some exercises that help the young therapist in training. We believe they are also particularly useful for the training of students who are undergoing specialized training to become psychiatrists.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Psychological distress following spinal cord injury
Authors: Kinson R. , Tan J. , Hussain D. , Looi P.S. , Tan L.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

There is limited data on psychological burden following spinal cord injury (SCI) in Singapore.

Aims

(1) To describe the prevalence of depression and anxiety at admission for inpatient rehabilitation and (2) describe the baseline characteristics that predict the development of anxiety or depression in patients following SCI.

Methodology

We retrospectively reviewed medical records of SCI patients at admission from 01-06-2013 to 31-12-2015. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), ASIA score and demographics were collated.

Results

A total of 157 subjects were included, 62.4% (n = 98) were male with a mean age of 56.7 years. 43.4% (n = 68) had a traumatic SCI with 73.9% (n = 116) having had spinal surgery. The average length of stay was 46.6 days with most discharged to their own homes. Ten subjects screened positive for anxiety (6.4%) and 16 for depression (10.2%). 13.4% (n = 21) screened positive for anxiety and/or depression. Two third (n = 95) had injuries at the cervical level and 14% (n = 22) scored ASIA A/B. 45.9% (n = 72) was referred to the psychologist. A significantly higher proportion of subjects (P < 0.05) who screened positive had a past psychiatric history, were prescribed antidepressants at admission and during rehabilitation. Significant differences were noted in primary caregiver (nursing home vs. others) following discharge when comparing those that screened positive vs. negative however there were no significant differences between baseline demographics, neurological level and ASIA score.

Conclusion

Psychological burden following SCI is significant. Standardized screening and psychological support is warranted with special attention to those with a past psychiatric history.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A psychiatric liaison team at the university medical services: A pilot experience
Authors: Morais S. , Ribeiro J. Silva , Melo A. , Rodrigues M. , Pereira T. , Lavaredas C. , Queirós A. , Madeira N.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

University students represent a specific population with concerns, burdens and worries that differ from other age and occupation groups. Students’ experiences are often exciting and empowering, yet facing multiple stressors that may trigger various forms of psychopathology. Our psychiatry department created a specific liaison service for university students in order to provide an easy and quick access to this medical speciality, included at the Multidisciplinary University Medical Services.

Aims

To characterize a sample of college student users of our Psychiatry Liaison Unit regarding socio-demographic and clinic variables.

Methods

Socio-demographic and clinic characterization was undertaken in all students observed during sixteen months (1st April 2015–30th July 2016).

Results

Fifty-three outpatients were observed: 35 females (66%) and 18 males (34%), aged between 18 and 39 years old (average: 23.94; median: 23). The majority was Portuguese and lived originally in urban areas. A total of75.3% were displaced and 60% lived with colleagues while 84.9% attended an undergraduate degree, and 38% studied at faculty of Science and Technology. Clinically, 79.2% were referenced by the University Medical Services, and adjustment disorders (ICD-10 F43.2) were the most frequent diagnosis. Relatively to suicidal behaviors and self-harm, 5.7% did self-cutting, 49.1% took an antidepressant combined with another psychotropic drugs, and 81.1% maintained cognitive-behavioral interventions.

Conclusions

The typical university students’ psychiatry outpatient was of female gender, in an undergraduate degree, displaced and living without their family. The most frequent diagnosis was adjustment disorder, and about a quarter were successfully discharged. Multidisciplinary University Medical Services located near to students can easily refer patients to Psychiatry Liaison Units, allowing diagnosis and intervention at early stages of mental disease.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Multiphasic personality inventory on pneumo-or hemo-thorax: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of military candidate in Korea
Authors: Nam B. , Ahn M.C. , Kim T.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify association between pneumo- or hemo-thorax and psychological distress using the Military Personality Inventory (MPI).

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 19-yr-old examinees who were admitted to the Military Manpower Administration in Korea from February 2009 to January 2010. A total number of 1955 young men were enrolled in this study. The normal volunteer group (n = 1561) comprise individuals who did not have pneumo- or hemo-thorax. The pneumo- or hemo-thorax group (n = 394) included individuals with pneumo- or hemo-thorax. This group was divided into two subgroups, group A (treated with conservative care or chest tube insertion, n = 341) and group B (treated with wedge resection, n = 53).

Results

We compared each of three groups (Control group, Group A, Group B) using the analysis of covariant (ANCOVA). The somatization subscale score of the neurosis category was significantly higher for group A (P < 0.001) and showed higher tendency for Group B than the control group (P = 0.073). The other categories (validity scale; anxiety, depression, and personality disorder subscales for neurosis scale; and psychopath scale) showed no significant difference in the MPI among Group A, Group B and Control group.

Conclusion

Conservative care or chest tube insertion group had higher somatization symptoms than control group. Wedge resection group had higher somatization tendency than control group. Individuals with pneumo- or hemo-thorax history may be concerned about their body shape or their general condition. Therefore, supportive intervention and psychiatric education may be needed for them to relieve somatic distress.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A case report of mansonellosis with neuropsychiatric symptoms
Authors: González R. Sánchez , Asseiceiro D. Maia , Miravet R. Torres
Published: June 2017

Introduction

According to the WHO, tropical diseases affect 1/5 of the world population, being increasingly frequent in Europe. Most of these diseases produce mainly physical symptoms, but the appearance of accompanying neuropsychiatric symptoms are not uncommon.

Objective

To present a clinical case of mansonellosis with neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Clinical case

Twenty-two-year-old man from Equatorial Guinea, resident in the European Union for 3 years without psychiatric history. His medical history included recurrent malaria, syphilis treated with penicillin and he was HBsAg carrier.

He presented with a 10 month history of headache, pruritus, retrograde amnesia, episodes of anxiety and persecutory delusions. Previously he had gone to the emergency room several times. Cranial CT scan showed no abnormalities. Anxiolytic treatment with benzodiazepines was started, with partial response of the symptoms.

The blood tests revealed a WBC count of 62 × 10E9/L leukocytes with 11% eosinophils, IgE 5242 IU/mL and IgG 1740 mg/dL. Given the suspicion of filarial infection, a thick blood film was done, the result being positive for mansonella perstans. He was administered treatment with albendazole 400 mg/12 h for 10 days and ivermectin in single dose. One month after start of treatment the patient was asymptomatic with complete resolution of the neuropsychiatric symptoms and correction of eosinophilia.

Results

The patient's origin, his medical history and the typical symptoms of parasitosis should raise the suspicion of an infectious origin of the neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Conclusions

The patients from tropical regions with neurological and/or psychiatric symptoms should undergo comprehensive diagnostic workup to rule out an infectious disease as a possible cause.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The psychological signs of the patients who receive treatment in the general clinic
Authors: Akahn L. Utas
Published: June 2017

Background

For most of the physical illnesses, behavioral, emotional, cognitive and inter-personal reactions develop. These psychiatric conditions and reactions are actually the adjustment process of the organism.

Objectives

Study is conducted in order to identify the psychiatric signs as well as findings of the patients who receive treatment in the general services of hospitals.

Methods

The study was carried out with a total of 500 patients who receive treatment in the general service of a hospital of a ministry of health in Turkey between February and May in 2015 by descriptive cross-sectional method. For collecting the data; patient charts, SCL 90-Rand general health questionnaire as well as hospital anxiety and depression scale were utilized. Kolmogorov Smirnov Normality test was applied for the average SCL90R and general health. Questionnaire, as a result of the test, it was detected that both scales did not meet the assumption of normality Therefore, Kruskal Wallis test of non-parametric was used.

Results

The study showed no significant difference among the lengths of stay in the hospital according to the average SCL90-R and general health questionnaire It was observed that the patients in the cardiology, neurology, and plastic surgery departments had a higher rate of signs of obsessive compulsive disorders; that the patients in the plastic surgery and internal diseases departments had a higher rate of depressive signs; that the patients in the neurology and plastic surgery departments had a higher rate of paranoid ideation; and that the patients in the neurology service had a higher rate of psychoticism.

Conclusions

Overall, it has been observed that the patients hospitalized in the neurology and plastic surgery services had more physiological signs compared to those receiving treatment in the other services.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Quality of life between two groups of psychiatric patients in Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Abdullah H.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

To assess and compare the subjective rating of quality of life (QOL) in psychiatric patients who attended two psychiatric outpatient clinics in Baghdad city [Al-Rashad psychiatric teaching hospital and Baghdad teaching hospital]. In addition, it also aims at studying the effect of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics on the patients’ life qualities.

Method

A sample of one hundred patients divided equally into two groups (fifty patient) from each hospital were interviewed and diagnosed in accordance with the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, for the period (from the 1st of March to the 1st of September 2011). The Arabic modified version of WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire (modified by WHO) was applied on each patient.

Results

Data gathered from completed hundred forms showed that 50% of patients from Baghdad teaching hospital responded and scored (fair, acceptable) to describe their satisfaction in overall QOL, while (38%) of patients from Al-Rashad teaching mental hospital scored (bad) and (16%) scored (very bad). There was no significant difference in the four domains of QOL between the two studied groups. The findings were discussed accordingly.

Conclusions

This study showed that although the overall satisfaction of the patients’ life quality was higher in patients from Baghdad teaching hospital than those of Al-Rashad teaching mental hospital, a non-significant difference in the four domains between the two hospitals was found. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were not significantly correlated to the QOL domains except for the educational level, which was significantly correlated, with the physical health domain in patients from Al-Rashad teaching mental hospital.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Death in the work of Jorge Amado: The function of art in education for death
Authors: Färber S. , Färber M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Review the work of Jorge Amado in the thanatological hermeneutics makes it come to be apparent the role of art in shaping the popular imagination and its educational purpose, which art cannot do without.

Objective

The purpose of this research is to present that, Jorge Amado using various methods causes a semiotic and polysemic reading of life and a hermeneutics review of death, making his literary art an instrument of education for death.

Methods

Using the transversal method of bibliography review of the author's work.

Results

We noted that in the anthropology of Jorge Amado, death might be the exercise of power, as those legitimated by a theology casuistry, in “Violent Land”. However, death can be an element of transformation of the state of life and overcoming the limits of the roles that society has agreed to be played by its subject, paradigm of this counterculture is Livia, widow of Guma in “Sea of Death”. In “The Double Death of Quincas Water-Bray” dead and death inset in starring roles, provoking a psychological reflection about death as a complex dimension, able to have their own intentions and itinerary and, assigning the dead freedom and responsibility for his death and die, the author will say: “Everyone take care of your own funeral.”

Conclusion

Death has the function of unveiling character and affections, and balance all forces presents in the society, and the art is the instrument to that reflection reach the community.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Political and religious violence: What psychiatry can bring to Middle East?
Authors: Gandus F.D.
Published: June 2017

Middle East is one of the most violent regions of the world. This phenomenon is most often due to the fact that religious problematic and political challenges are immediately mixed in places where, moreover, the states don’t assume their role as expected about structuring their societies, supporting freedom and respect for the individual rights and life-projects of their citizens. This complex configuration makes a lot of populations in Middle East develop discreet but serious mental problems such as schizophrenia with paranoia-tendencies or loss of rationality among other possibilities. The aim of this lecture (if still possible) or poster (if the program of speeches is already closed) is to demonstrate what psychiatry (such as elaborated in the west) could bring to Middle East, as well as the difficulties this discipline will have to face to gain respect and interest over there. A focus will be made about an example of “loss of rationality” and how it leads to a projection of violence against animals and its specific meaning in the context of a conflict.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Quixotic delirium, around the fourth centenary of the publication of the second part of Don Quixote de la Mancha: About a case
Authors: Santillan G. Hernandez , Bedia I. Mirapeix
Published: June 2017

Psychosis, understood as a judgment out of reality, is sometimes considered as a defensive mechanism in the face of an overflowing situation. However, beyond the pathological, given its fantastic nature, has also brought its form and content to art in its various manifestations. Thus, we bring up a similar case. A 51-year-old male, who has one brother with schizophrenia; in his childhood and adolescence excelled by an excellent academic performance, even won a national prize of Economy; and very scarce emotional ties outside the family environment. At the age of 23, during his stay in a foreign country after obtaining a scholarship in a world-renowned company, he presented disorganized behavior and thought, disinhibition, delusions of persecution, prejudice and referentiality; then, he was repatriated by his family to enter in a psychiatric center. After, he continued psychiatric monitoring irregularly, with no disease awareness and little therapeutic adherence. In his last decompensation, he shown a megalomaniacal delusion, he defined himself as “a living being, brother of all living beings, who fought to defend peace, justice and the good of mankind”. The last year, he had been helping economically the homeless, interceding before the authorities for strangers and needy people; he restored and prayed in temples of different religions. Furthermore, with a significant deterioration in their self-care and family life. In consequence, he required a third forced psychiatric admission. After two months, he received discharge for clinical improvement and treatment with injectable paliperidone. Eight months later, he continues to be monitored and markedly recovered.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Spirituality meanings reported by Southeast Brazilian nursing staff at the psychiatric ward of a university general hospital: A clinical-qualitative study
Authors: Lavorato-Neto G. , Rodrigues L. , Turato E. , Campos C.J.G.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Despites nursing holistic trends for caring, in psychiatric wards of general hospitals the spiritual dimension remains controversy. Evidence shows spirituality rule in recovering and also alerts about complications associated to mental disorders and spirituality.

Aim

To describe spirituality meanings attributed by a psychiatric nursing team and discuss how they apply them on professional cares.

Method

Clinical-qualitative design is a particularization of generic qualitative strategies brought from humanities to approach symbolic research questions in clinical settings. A semi-directed interview with open-ended question, in-depth, was carried out with a team of 22 nursing professionals in the psychiatric ward of a general hospital in Southeast Brazil. Data analysis was driven under the Ricoeur understanding of Freudian symbolic meaning, which affirm that a statement revels multiple meanings overwritten.

Results

Spirituality is developed from several sources of restlessness and living together. The function of spirituality is to help fulfill social roles, keep internal balance and to maintain sacred practice attitudes towards life that brings symbolic salvation: help or redemption to hard life times. Nature of mental illness remains as spiritual stigma and a suspicion contradictorily to spiritual approach caring to patients in inpatients services, which is described, as inappropriate or confusable.

Conclusions

Even spirituality meanings are covered by symbolism, which expresses human attitudes to help in life crises they are surrounded by contradictions that situate this dimension in the limit of reason, which approximates carriers and patients causing weirdness. Nursing staff still needs training to deliver holistic care, and spiritual counseling to gain clarity in this issue.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Residential facilities project in Cuba: An original working model
Authors: Vaccaro A. , Broche M.J. Brito , Capote M.I. , Calzadilla C.B. Borrego , Mencacci C.
Published: June 2017

Psychiatry must have among its main aims to reintegrate in their own environment of life people with psychotic disorders, personality disorders and other serious disorder of the psychic sphere. We must be able to operate in places built ad hoc, that is, where time, space and procedures are marked with certainty and, as much as possible, managed firsthand. The environment must be constructed or modified in such a way as to make it unlikely the failure or discomfort. Patients also need to be strengthened in their ability to integrate in their environment and in the ability to cope with various life events. The goal is to transfer a first group of patients from large psychiatric hospital of La Habana to the territory, specifically in 2–3 already identified communities, to realize the rehabilitation projects that in 3–4 years can bring patients selected at their home or, alternatively, at self-managed apartments. The reference model of rehabilitative interventions is multimodal. The model explains the onset, course, prognosis and social functioning of the major mental disorders as a complex and mutually conditioning relation between biological, environmental and behavioural. The results will be evaluated over the next three years and will be the subject of future publications. A good practice cannot disengage from safe theoretical and methodological references. To show clearly and verifiably their work, operators must be trained before and during all phases of work, a job training, continuing education, which has as its primary objective the descriptive clarity and verifiability of results.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Type D personality and metabolic syndrome in patients with depression
Authors: Martinac M. , Babić D. , Pavlović M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS) and depression (MDD) is complex and insufficiently explored. In addition to chronic stress, psychotrauma, hypercortisolemia and immunological factors, some personality features may have an impact. Type D personality, most influential personality type in psychosomatic medicine, consists of two dimensions: negative affect (NA) and social inhibition (SI). Individuals with type D personality are more anxious, irritable and depressed and they do not share these emotions with others because of their fear of rejection. Type D personality was proven to be a risk factor for some MS components, as well as for the occurrence of depressive symptoms in cardiac patients.

Aim

To investigate the association of type D personality with MS and its components in MDD patients.

Methods

Cross-sectional study was conducted on the sample of 80 patients with depression and 40 healthy subjects as the control group. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI questionnaire) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS-17) were used for the diagnosis of depression. Type D personality was determined by DS14 questionnaire. The MS diagnosis was made according to ATP III criteria.

Results

The presence of type D personality did not significantly contribute to the probability of developing MS in patients with depression. NA was associated with abdominal obesity, low HDL-cholesterol and hypertension.

Conclusion

Negative affect was proven to be an independent risk factor in the pathogenesis of obesity, hypertension, and reduced level of HDL-cholesterol, while type D personality in general did not have predictive value for the MS development.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.