bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in ICP-MS technology and the application of multi-element geochemistry to exploration
Authors: Sader Jamil A. , Ryan Shawn
Published: October 2019

There have been several advances in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) analytical technologies in the last decade. Collision/reaction cell ICP-MS and triple quadrupole ICP-MS techniques can produce lower detection limits for select elements that experience interferences with a standard quadrupole (e.g. Se and As). Triple quadrupole ICP-MS, in particular, can eliminate virtually all polyatomic or isobaric interferences for highly accurate measurements of some element isotopes systematics that are of great interest in mineral exploration, namely Pb/Pb. Laser ablation ICP-MS has become more popular as an effective analytical tool to measure mineral grain trace elements, which could assist in vectoring to mineralization or exploration drill targets. The ablation of a spot on a Li-borate fused glass disk paired with XRF analysis has also gained popularity as an alternative to total whole rock characterization packages that employ several separate digestions and analytical methods. While there have been several advancements in ICP-MS technologies in exploration geochemistry, they have not been widely accepted or implemented. This slow adaptation could be due to the extended recession in the mining industry between 2012 and 2017. It is also possible that standard ICP-MS data (i.e. no collision/reaction cell) is still fit for purpose. This stands in stark contrast to implementation of ICP-MS in the previous decade (1997–2007), which was transformational for the industry.

Consideration of all elements from large multi-element ICP-MS analytical suites for mineral exploration can be an extremely powerful tool in the exploration toolkit. The discovery of the White Gold District, Yukon, is a prime example of how the utilization of soil geochemical data, when plotted spatially, can vector to gold mineralization. The presence of Au + As + Sb soil anomalies were key to delineating mineralization, especially when accompanied by publicly available geological, geographical and geophysical data. Additionally, elements and element ratios not typically considered in Au exploration, including Ni and U, were utilized to determine the lithological and structural controls on mineralization. The availability of multi-element ICP-MS data was also useful in the discovery of the Cascadero Copper Taron Caesium deposit. Ore-grade Cs was discovered only because Cs was included in the multi-element ICP-MS exploration geochemistry suite. Before the availability of ICP-MS, it is unlikely that this deposit would have been discovered.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Exploration 17 collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/exploration-17
Ecology and Evolution of Insect–Fungus Mutualisms
Authors: Biedermann Peter H.W. , Vega Fernando E.
Published: October 2019

The evolution of a mutualism requires reciprocal interactions whereby one species provides a service that the other species cannot perform or performs less efficiently. Services exchanged in insect–fungus mutualisms include nutrition, protection, and dispersal. In ectosymbioses, which are the focus of this review, fungi can be consumed by insects or can degrade plant polymers or defensive compounds, thereby making a substrate available to insects. They can also protect against environmental factors and produce compounds antagonistic to microbial competitors. Insects disperse fungi and can also provide fungal growth substrates and protection. Insect–fungus mutualisms can transition from facultative to obligate, whereby each partner is no longer viable on its own. Obligate dependency has ( a) resulted in the evolution of morphological adaptations in insects and fungi, ( b) driven the evolution of social behaviors in some groups of insects, and ( c) led to the loss of sexuality in some fungal mutualists.
Sympathetic regulation of NCC in norepinephrine-evoked salt-sensitive hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Frame Alissa A. , Puleo Franco , Kim Kiyoung , Walsh Kathryn R. , Faudoa Elizabeth , Hoover Robert S. , Wainford Richard D.
Published: October 2019

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure is characterized by inappropriate sympathoexcitation and renal Na+ reabsorption during high salt intake. In salt-resistant animal models, exogenous norepinephrine (NE) infusion promotes salt-sensitive hypertension and prevents dietary Na+-evoked suppression of the Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC). Studies of the adrenergic signaling pathways that modulate NCC activity during NE infusion have yielded conflicting results implicating α1- and/or β-adrenoceptors and a downstream kinase network that phosphorylates and activates NCC, including with no lysine kinases (WNKs), STE20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase (SPAK), and oxidative stress response 1 (OxSR1). In the present study, we used selective adrenoceptor antagonism in NE-infused male Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the differential roles of α1- and β-adrenoceptors in sympathetically mediated NCC regulation. NE infusion evoked salt-sensitive hypertension and prevented dietary Na+-evoked suppression of NCC mRNA, protein expression, phosphorylation, and in vivo activity. Impaired NCC suppression during high salt intake in NE-infused rats was paralleled by impaired suppression of WNK1 and OxSR1 expression and SPAK/OxSR1 phosphorylation and a failure to increase WNK4 expression. Antagonism of α1-adrenoceptors before high salt intake or after the establishment of salt-sensitive hypertension restored dietary Na+-evoked suppression of NCC, resulted in downregulation of WNK4, SPAK, and OxSR1, and abolished the salt-sensitive component of hypertension. In contrast, β-adrenoceptor antagonism attenuated NE-evoked hypertension independently of dietary Na+ intake and did not restore high salt-evoked suppression of NCC. These findings suggest that a selective, reversible, α1-adenoceptor-gated WNK/SPAK/OxSR1 NE-activated signaling pathway prevents dietary Na+-evoked NCC suppression, promoting the development and maintenance of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Sulforaphane: Its “Coming of Age” as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease
Authors: Houghton Christine A.
Published: October 2019

A growing awareness of the mechanisms by which phytochemicals can influence upstream endogenous cellular defence processes has led to intensified research into their potential relevance in the prevention and treatment of disease. Pharmaceutical medicine has historically looked to plants as sources of the starting materials for drug development; however, the focus of nutraceutical medicine is to retain the plant bioactive in as close to its native state as possible. As a consequence, the potency of a nutraceutical concentrate or an extract may be lower than required for significant gene expression. The molecular structure of bioactive phytochemicals to a large extent determines the molecule’s bioavailability. Polyphenols are abundant in dietary phytochemicals, and extensive in vitro research has established many of the signalling mechanisms involved in favourably modulating human biochemical pathways. Such pathways are associated with core processes such as redox modulation and immune modulation for infection control and for downregulating the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. Although the relationship between oxidative stress and chronic disease continues to be affirmed, direct-acting antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and others have not yielded the expected preventive or therapeutic responses, even though several large meta-analyses have sought to evaluate the potential benefit of such supplements. Because polyphenols exhibit poor bioavailability, few of their impressive in vitro findings have been replicated in vivo. SFN, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, emerges as a phytochemical with comparatively high bioavailability. A number of clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to produce favourable outcomes in conditions for which there are few satisfactory pharmaceutical solutions, foreshadowing the potential for SFN as a clinically relevant nutraceutical. Although myrosinase-inert broccoli sprout extracts are widely available, there now exist myrosinase-active broccoli sprout supplements that yield sufficient SFN to match the doses used in clinical trials.
Leptin and Adiponectin Signaling Pathways Are Involved in the Antiobesity Effects of Peanut Skin Extract
Authors: Xiang Lan , Wu Qiaobei , Cheng Lihong , Sun Kaiyue , Li Jing , Yoshida Minoru , Qi Jianhua
Published: October 2019

Excessive food intake and metabolic disorder promote obesity and diabetes. In China, peanut skin is used as a herbal medicine to treat hemophilia, thrombocytopenic purpura, and hepatic hemorrhage. In the present study, we demonstrated that peanut skin extract (PSE) safely reduced appetite, body weight, fat tissue, plasma TG and TC, and blood glucose level in mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO). Moreover, the leptin/leptin receptor/neuropeptide Y (NPY) and adiponectin signaling pathways involved in the antiobesity effects of PSE are confirmed through leptin and adiponectin overexpression and leptin receptor silencing in mice. PSE consisted of oligosaccharide and polyphenol in a mass ratio of 45 : 55, and both parts were important for the antiobesity function of PSE. Our results suggested that PSE can be developed as functional medical food to treat metabolic disorders and obesity.
Synthesis of Porous Octahedral ZnO/CuO Composites from Zn/Cu-Based MOF-199 and Their Applications in Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes
Authors: Minh Tran Thanh , Tu Nguyen Thi Thanh , Van Thi Tran Thi , Hoa Le Thi , Long Hoang Thai , Phong Nguyen Hai , Pham Thong Le Minh , Khieu Dinh Quang
Published: October 2019

In the present paper, a porous octahedral (ZnO/CuO) composite is synthesized from zinc/copper-based metal-organic framework-199, and its applications in visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of dyes are demonstrated. The precursors of Zn-BTC, Cu-BTC, and Zn/Cu-BTC (BTC: benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) were synthesized using a microwave-assisted method. Benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate acts as a sacrificial template and was removed from the precursors via thermal decomposition to form CuO, ZnO, and ZnO/CuO. ZnO/CuO with a large specific surface area of 32.5 m2·g–1 is composed of porous octahedral particles of 5–10 μm in diameter. Methylene blue (MB) was utilized as the dye model for photocatalytic degradation reactions. The porous octahedral ZnO/CuO exhibits superior visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of MB compared with single CuO or ZnO. The kinetic model of photocatalytic degradation was proposed as 1/KL×lnC+C=−krt+1/KL×lnCe+Ce, where KL is the Langmuir equilibrium constant and Ce is the MB concentration at equilibrium. The model significantly fits the kinetic data. In addition, the acquired catalyst manifests excellent photocatalytic degradation for several other dyes including phenol red, methyl orange, and Congo red.
Novel 3-Dimensional Cotton-Like Graphenated-Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized via Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapour Deposition Method for Potential Gas-Sensing Applications
Authors: Ismail Ismayadi , Mamat Md Shuhazlly , Adnan Noor Lyana , Yunusa Zainab , Hasan Intan Helina
Published: October 2019

We reported the synthesis of graphenated-carbon nanotubes (G-CNTs) using a floating catalyst chemical vapour deposition (FCCVD) method and formed a bulk-cotton-like structure. The objectives of this work were to study the effect of the injection rate parameter of the carbon source on the formation of G-CNTs and CNTs and later to test them as an ammonia gas sensor. Ethanol, thiophene, and ferrocene were mixed and injected into FCCVD at 1150°C. The as-synthesized samples were then characterized using FESEM, HRTEM, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and electrical conductivity measurement. We found that the injection rate of 5 ml/h was suitable for the formation of G-CNTs and a higher injection rate resulted in the formation of CNTs. Our measurement showed that the electrical conductivity response of G-CNTs was higher compared to that of CNTs. The gas-sensing performance of the gas sensor made of G-CNT materials also showed good response compared to that of CNTs. This experimental work paved the way for how we can selectively synthesize CNTs and G-CNTs via the FCCVD method, and G-CNTs have proven to be a better material for gas sensors.
Hypertension and Its Impact on Stroke Recovery: From a Vascular to a Parenchymal Overview
Authors: Maïer Benjamin , Kubis Nathalie
Published: October 2019

Hypertension is the first modifiable vascular risk factor accounting for 10.4 million deaths worldwide; it is strongly and independently associated with the risk of stroke and is related to worse prognosis. In addition, hypertension seems to be a key player in the implementation of vascular cognitive impairment. Long-term hypertension, complicated or not by the occurrence of ischemic stroke, is often reviewed on its vascular side, and parenchymal consequences are put aside. Here, we sought to review the impact of isolated hypertension or hypertension associated to stroke on brain atrophy, neuron connectivity and neurogenesis, and phenotype modification of microglia and astrocytes. Finally, we discuss the impact of antihypertensive therapies on cell responses to hypertension and functional recovery. This attractive topic remains a focus of continued investigation and stresses the relevance of including this vascular risk factor in preclinical investigations of stroke outcome.
Improved Crack Detection and Recognition Based on Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Chen Keqin , Yadav Amit , Khan Asif , Meng Yixin , Zhu Kun
Published: October 2019

Concrete cracks are very serious and potentially dangerous. There are three obvious limitations existing in the present machine learning methods: low recognition rate, low accuracy, and long time. Improved crack detection based on convolutional neural networks can automatically detect whether an image contains cracks and mark the location of the cracks, which can greatly improve the monitoring efficiency. Experimental results show that the Adam optimization algorithm and batch normalization (BN) algorithm can make the model converge faster and achieve the maximum accuracy of 99.71%.
Cleaved Caspase-3 Transcriptionally Regulates Angiogenesis-Promoting Chemotherapy Resistance
Authors: Bernard Antoine , Chevrier Sandy , Beltjens Françoise , Dosset Magalie , Viltard Etienne , Lagrange Anaïs , Derangère Valentin , Oudot Alexandra , Ghiringhelli François , Collin Bertrand , Apetoh Lionel , Feron Olivier , Chen Suzie , Arnould Laurent , Végran Frédérique , Boidot Romain
Published: October 2019

Caspases are well known for their role in apoptosis. Recently, nonapoptotic roles of caspases have been identified, however, these noncanonical roles are not well documented and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here, we studied the role of cleaved caspase-3 using human- and mouse-proficient caspase-3 cancer cell lines and human-deficient caspase-3 cancer cells. Cleaved caspase-3 functioned as a transcription factor and directly bound to DNA. A DNA-binding domain was identified in the small subunit of caspase-3 and an active conformation was essential for caspase-3 transcriptional activity. Caspase-3 DNA binding enhanced angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of proangiogenic genes and by activating pathways that promoted endothelial cell activation. Some proapoptotic genes were downregulated in caspase-3–proficient cells. Inhibiting caspase-3 increased the efficacy of chemotherapy and decreased spontaneous tumor development. These data highlight a novel nonapoptotic role of caspase-3 and suggest that cleaved caspase-3 could be a new therapeutic target in cancer.

Significance:

These findings report a noncanonical function of caspase-3 by demonstrating its ability to transcriptionally regulate the VEGFR pathway.
Coughing as a Side Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation due to Peripheral Stimulation of the Vagus Nerve: Case Report
Authors: Krüger Marie T. , Hirmer Thomas J. , Honey Christopher R.
Published: October 2019

The authors describe how severe coughing and breathing issues were caused by a deep brain stimulation (DBS) system due to current induction in the adjacent vagus nerve. A 57-year-old man with Parkinson’s disease (PD) who received bilateral subthalamic nucleus DBS presented with coughing and breathing difficulty when his DBS system was activated. The intensity of coughing was directly related to the amount of stimulation. When the DBS system was turned off, his cough resolved immediately. A system check revealed no radiographic abnormalities and all electrode impedances were within the normal range. We hypothesize that the coughing was caused by an induced electromagnetic stimulation of the vagus nerve from the extensions, which were running in close proximity to the nerve in the neck. Since the patient could not tolerate the coughing at stimulation settings required to ameliorate his PD symptoms, we ultimately exchanged the extensions and moved them further away from the vagus nerve. This resulted in immediate, complete, and continuous relief of the patient’s symptoms.
Novas terras, diferentes flores: a vida missionária da reverenda Higuchi
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Tomita Andréa
Published: October 2019

Este livro assumiu o desafio de articular teorias sociais que lidam com o tema da interculturalidade na perspectiva dos subalternos, dos que foram derrotados ou culturalmente submetidos no processo de expansão do Ocidente no mundo moderno, com reflexões teológicas que nos ajudam a reconhecer onde e como Deus está agindo no mundo por meio de pessoas. Este livro é uma grande contribuição para pensar, a partir de uma vida concreta de uma missionária, a reverenda Higuchi, o desafio de anunciar ao mundo uma religião forjada no Japão. Para pessoas interessadas em Teologia e Ciências da Religião, de uma forma geral, este livro traz reflexões importantes sobre como entender as especificidades da cultura japonesa na formação de uma religião e as dificuldades no encontro com a cultura ocidental, no caso específico, a dos Estados Unidos.
SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ MEDİKAL TURİZME YÖNELİK ALGILARININ İNCELENMESİ: ÖZEL HASTANE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ABA Gökhan , GÜMÜŞ Rojan , ÇAKIR Yasin Nuri
Published: October 2019

Medikal
turizm sağlık turizminin bir türüdür ve ileri tedavi, organ nakli, tüp bebek uygulamaları,
estetik cerrahi, saç ekimi, göz, diş, diyaliz tedavileri vb. hizmetlerin
alınabilmesi için başka ülkeye gerçekleştirilen ziyaretleri ifade eden bir
kavramdır. Sağlık turizminin bir çeşidi olmakla birlikte genellikle sağlık
turizmiyle birlikte anılır. Bu çalışmada, İstanbul’da faaliyet gösteren özel
bir hastanede çalışan sağlık personelinin medikal turizme bakış açılarının
değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Toplam 30 sorudan oluşan bir anket hastanede
çalışan 100 sağlık personeline uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılar hasta ile
iletişimde, ödemeler konusunda, hastane kurallarında, hasta yakınları ile iletişimde
ve aracı kurumlar ile önemli bir düzeyde bir sorun yaşamadıklarını
belirtmişlerdir. Yabancı hastaların Türk hastanelerini tercih etme sebeplerini
sıralarken ülkemizdeki sağlık hizmet standartlarının yüksek oluşunu, hekim
kadrolarının tatmin edici olmasını ve uluslararası tanınırlığını ilk sıralarda
göstermişlerdir. Çalışmamızın sonucunda görülmüştür ki, medikal turizmin her
iki tarafında bulunan sağlık hizmeti sunucuları ve sağlık hizmeti kullanıcıları
açısından olumlu bir durum vardır. Çalışanların eğitimi konusundaki
iyileştirmeler ve gerekli tanıtımların arttırılması ile ülkemizin çok daha iyi
bir düzeye geleceği düşünülmektedir.
IMPACT OF A SMALL UNIVERSITY ON A LOCAL ECONOMY: SARAJEVO EXAMPLE
Authors: YILDIZ Hakan , BRANKOVIĆ Azra , AYDIN Recai
Published: October 2019

Universities
are not only centers for education but also serve as centers for knowledge
production, innovation and technical development. However, in recent decades,
universities are also considered as one of the key regional economic
development engines for local economies. Universities contribute a great deal
of economic activity in various forms to the geographical area within proximity
of the campus. This study aims to be the first such study done in Bosnia and
Herzegovina using the information and data obtained from International
University of Sarajevo (IUS), its students and its staff members as well as
their visitors. This study aims to find out direct economic impact of IUS on
local spending and employment, and indirect and induced economic impacts of IUS
on Sarajevo economy. The study finds that IUS contributes to the Ilidza and
Sarajevo economy around 10 million KM in the form of direct economic benefits,
over 24 million KM in indirect benefits, and 41 million KM in induced benefits.
Total of these contributions reach to 75 million KM a year. In addition, IUS
creates 231 jobs directly and 1,065 jobs indirectly (1,296 jobs in total) in
Ilidza and Sarajevo area.
UYANAN DEV ÇİN’İN YAPISAL VE EKONOMİK DÖNÜŞÜM SÜRECİ
Authors: YALIN Tansu , ÇETİNBAKIŞ Melike
Published: October 2019

Soğuk
Savaş sonrası tek kutuplulaşma eğilimi ile birlikte uluslararası sistemde, hem
devletler arasındaki güç dağılımı önem kazanmış hem de bu gücün nispeten dengeli
dağılımıyla yoğunlaşması arasındaki fark ön plana çıkmıştır. Uluslararası
sistemin istikrarı açısından bu fark oldukça önemli bir durumdur.

Kuruluşunun
ardından uzun bir süre sosyalizm ile yönetilen Çin, 1978-2018 döneminde, Deng
Xioping liderliğinde birtakım aksaklıklara rağmen bir taraftan daha önce emsali
görülmemiş bir hızda üretimini ve dış ticaretini arttırırken diğer taraftan
ekonomik olarak büyümeye başlamıştır. Bu başarının altında yatan en önemli
sebep Deng Xioping’in doğrudan yabancı sermaye yatırımlarını destekleyen liberal
politikalar izlemiş olmasıdır. Ayrıca ekonomik kalkınma sürecinde Çin’de düşük
maliyetlerin, ucuz işgücünün, yüksek devlet teşviklerinin, akıllıca dizayn edilmiş
teknolojik ve yenilikçi bir yapının oluşturulmasının payı oldukça büyüktür. Bir
başka ifade ile Çin’in yükselişinde Piyasa Reformları ve Dünya Ticaret Örgütüne
katılımı milat olarak kabul edilebilir. Bu başarı başta Türkiye olmak üzere
gelişmekte olan ülkeler için emsal oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenledir ki Çin’in yükselişinin sebeplerinin irdelendiği bu çalışmada ülkenin
uluslararası ticarette karşılaştırılmalı üstünlüğü nasıl ele geçirdiği sorusuna
cevap aranmaktadır. Ayrıca Çin’deki başarılı ve yaratıcı yıkım olarak
nitelendirilen yapısal ve ekonomik dönüşüm tarihsel süreç içerisinde sunulmaktadır.
Bu çalışma bize Çin ekonomisindeki dönemsel değişimleri görebilme yetisi
sağlamaktadır. Nitekim çalışmamızı literatürde yapılmış diğer çalışmalardan
ayıran özellik de budur. Çünkü bu bağlamda yapılmış çalışmaların neredeyse
tamamında belli bir konu ve/veya belli bir dönem dikkate alınmıştır. Bu
nedenledir ki, M.Ö.221-2018 döneminde Çin’de yaşanan ekonomik ve yapısal
değişimlerin ön plana çıkarıldığı bu çalışmanın literatüre katkı sağlaması
beklenmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgular ise Çin’in tarihsel
süreç içerisinde zaman zaman büyük dalgalanmalar
yaşadığını ve “Piyasa Reformları” ile birlikte dünyanın en büyük ikinci
ekonomisi konumuna geldiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca bu süreçte Çin’in Ar-Ge
faaliyetlerine ve beşeri sermaye yatırımlarına verdiği önem de takdire
şayandır.
A new species of Ombrophytum (Balanophoraceae) from Chile, with notes on subterranean organs and vegetative reproduction in the family

Authors: KUIJT JOB , DELPRETE PIERO G.
Published: October 2019

The Chilean desert specimens of Ombrophytum (Balanophoraceae) reported in the literature as O. subterraneum (Asplund) Hansen differ structurally in several respects from that species, which was described from moist tropical forest in Bolivia. Therefore the Chilean specimens are treated as a narrowly endemic, separate species, Ombrophytum chilensis Kuijt & Delprete, on the basis of the type specimen and published photographs. Discussions on morphology, distribution and conservation status are provided for this species. Critical comments on the underground organs and reproduction in Neotropical Balanophoraceae are also presented.
A revised dichotomous key to the snakes of Italy (Reptilia, Squamata, Serpentes), according to recent systematic updates
Authors: DI NICOLA MATTEO RICCARDO
Published: October 2019

The diffusion of “citizen science” brings considerable benefits to ecological research (Bonney et al. 2009; Dickinson et al. 2012) and involves an increasing use of data provided by “non-professionals” for the establishment of distribution atlases (for instance, through online platforms such as “iNaturalist”). Therefore, it is important that the presented data are sufficiently reliable and, for this reason, photographic documentation of what has been observed is always encouraged. In many cases, however, the circumstances or the conditions of the observed organism do not allow a photographic identification. Dichotomous keys are tools that, in addition to the use by technicians, researchers and students, can be useful to “non-professional” observers to improve the accuracy in the determination of observations to be submitted to the scientific community. This also applies to the herpetological field, and thus to this work, which offers an updated dichotomous key for the determination of Italian snakes (the first since the one published in Corti et al. (2011)) in light of the various systematic updates that affected this taxon.
New data on the irvinei group of Chydaeus of the Himalaya from Nepal and southern Tibet (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Harpalini)
Authors: KATAEV BORIS M. , SCHMIDT JOACHIM
Published: October 2019

Re-examination of the type series of Chydaeus irvinei (Andrewes, 1930) revealed that this species is based on two different taxa. It is re-described based on the lectotype and two paralectotypes from Gautsa in the Ngamo Chu Valley of southern Tibet between Sikkim and Bhutan. Chydaeus loeffleri (Jedlička, 1966) is treated as distinct species (not a synonym of Ch. irvinei) with two subspecies: the nominotypical one distributed in the Rolwaling Valley in eastern Central Nepal, and Ch. loeffleri tibetanus ssp. n. described on the basis of the paralectotype of Ch. irvinei from the Rongshar Valley in southern Tibet north west of the Rolwaling Himal. A new species Ch. soluensis sp. n., also similar to Ch. irvinei in appearance and genitalia, is described from the Solu Khumbu District of eastern Central Nepal (type locality: Lamjura Danda). In addition, a revised key to all species and subspecies of the irvinei group is provided.
Two new species and a newly recorded species of the genus Stictane Hampson (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae) from Cambodia
Authors: BAYARSAIKHAN ULZIIJARGAL , IM KYUNG˗HOAN , BAE YANG˗SEOP
Published: October 2019

Two new species of the genus Stictane, S. heppneri n. sp. and S. transversana n. sp. are described from Cambodia along with one newly recorded species, S. obscura (Inoue, 1976). A key to the Cambodian species of the genus Stictane with figures of adults and genitalia are presented. Moreover, adults of the little known three Vietnamese species of Diduga are illustrated herein.
A complementary description of the male of Kyphopteryx yangi (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae) from China
Authors: LI WEIHAI , MO RAORAO , YANG DING
Published: October 2019

A complementary description of Kyphopteryx yangi Du & Chen, 2019 is presented based on a recently collected topotype male. Taxonomic features of this male are compared with the holotype.
Notes on the genus Dianous LEACH, 1819 with description of a new species from China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae)
Authors: WANG WEI , TANG LIANG , LUO YONG-TING
Published: October 2019

A new species of the Dianous calceatus complex from China is described: Dianous pengi Wang, Tang &  Luo sp. n. from Guangxi Province. New distributional records are reported for Dianous calvicollis Puthz, 2016, Dianous luteostigmaticus Rougemont, 1986 and Dianous huanghaoi Tang & Li, 2011. Diagnostic characters for all the species are illustrated.
An unusual new species of Aulacus Jurine (Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Aulacidae) from Southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: KUMAR P. GIRISH , SMITH DAVID R. , BINOY C.
Published: October 2019

Aulacus sahyadriensis Girish Kumar, Smith & Binoy sp. nov. is described from Kerala part of Southern Western Ghats, India. The species is illustrated and separated from other species of Aulacus known from the Oriental Region. It is the second species of Aulacus recorded from India. A key to species of Oriental Aulacus is provided.
Assessing Dual-Polarization Radar Estimates of Extreme Rainfall during Hurricane Harvey
Authors: Wolff David B. , Petersen Walter A. , Tokay Ali , Marks David A. , Pippitt Jason L.
Published: October 2019

Hurricane Harvey hit the Texas Gulf Coast as a major hurricane on 25 August 2017 before exiting the state as a tropical storm on 29 August 2017. Left in its wake was historic flooding, with some locations measuring more than 60 in. (150 cm) of rain over a 5-day period. The WSR-88D radar (KHGX) maintained operations for the entirety of the event. Rain gauge data from the Harris County Flood Warning System (HCFWS) was used for validation with the full radar dataset to retrieve daily and event-total precipitation estimates for the period 25–29 August 2017. The KHGX precipitation estimates were then compared with the HCFWS gauges. Three different hybrid polarimetric rainfall retrievals were used, along with attenuation-based retrieval that employs the radar-observed differential propagation. An advantage of using a attenuation-based retrieval is its immunity to partial beam blockage and calibration errors in reflectivity and differential reflectivity. All of the retrievals are susceptible to changes in the observed drop size distribution (DSD). No in situ DSD data were available over the study area, so changes in the DSD were interpreted by examining the observed radar data. We examined the parameter space of two key values in the attenuation retrieval to test the sensitivity of the rain retrieval. Selecting a value of α = 0.015 and β = 0.600 provided the best overall results, relative to the gauges, but more work needs to be done to develop an automated technique to account for changes in the ambient DSD.
One Word, many wordings: The Inspiration of Scripture in its Christological and Pneumatological Dimension of Depth
Authors: Irving Alexander J. D.
Published: October 2019

Robert Brown has argued that any defence of the authority of Scripture based on its divine inspiration must take account of the reality of the form of Scripture. He points to two facts regarding the Bible’s form (the history of textual error and a variety of beliefs regarding the biblical canon) that, he believes, compromises such a foundation for biblical authority. Exactly which words, he asks, are we to think were inspired? Brown operates with an understanding of revelation which is exhausted by the category of the biblical proposition (i.e., he equates revelation with Scripture, understanding inspiration to be the mode of that revelation). Accordingly, any error within the constituent parts of the propositions found in the Bible undermines the validity of its claim to be revelation in the first place, thus, in Brown’s view, compromising the entire edifice of Christian theology. In what follows, I suggest that a personalist approach is a more suitable way to understand revelation and that the propositional mode of revelation (Scripture) participates in God’s personal revelation in Jesus Christ through the inspiration of the Spirit. By broadening the theological context of Scripture (i.e., understanding it in its Christological and Pneumatological dimension of depth), its authority is not found in its inerrancy but in its reference beyond itself to God’s actual self-revelation in Jesus which God employs as the permanent mode of his revelation by the agency of the Spirit.
The role of Global Health Diplomacy in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Buzaladze Giorgi , Defor Andrew
Published: October 2019

Global Health Diplomacy has been instrumental in achieving many of the world’s global health goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals. The new Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and all tools need to be employed to make sure they are achieved by the 2030 deadline. This paper reviews the successes and failures of the health-related Millennium Development Goals. It uses the lessons learned to put forward a sustainable approach toward the Sustainable Development Goals, and explores the role of Global Health Diplomacy in advancing the health goals.
Canada–Indonesia relations, past and present
Authors: Webster David
Published: October 2019

Canada–Indonesia relations recently passed their 65th anniversary, but they still have a tentative air about them. Despite regular talk about developing a strong Canadian relationship with a country that potentially has much in common with Canada, Canada–Indonesia relations have mostly been friendly but shallow. An overview of the history of bilateral relations, from the opening of a Canadian mission in 1953 to recent bilateral deals committing Ottawa and Jakarta to various forms of collaboration, reveals that rhetoric about common interests has some substance, but a new announcement amidst good intentions every few years is not likely to lead to any deep partnership. There are, however, foundations for closer ties in civil society, including in the fields of economic development, truth and reconciliation, religious deradicalization, and Indigenous peoples linkages.
Smoking Cessation Improves the Symptoms and the Findings of Laryngeal Irritation
Authors: Kayalı Dinc A. Secil , Cayonu Melih , Sengezer Tijen , Sahin M. Melih
Published: October 2019

Smoking is known to increase laryngeal inflammation and laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR), which cause laryngeal irritation. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in the symptoms and the findings of laryngeal irritation in smokers after a smoking cessation period. The reflux symptom index (RSI) and the reflux finding score (RFS) were used for evaluating the symptoms and findings of laryngeal irritation in smokers. Endoscopic examination of the laryngeal structures for RFS and symptom inquiry for RSI were performed at the beginning of the study and after a 2 months of cigarette cessation period. This study was carried out in 24 volunteers (14 female and 10 male), between the ages of 24 and 62 years. When we compared the results of RSI and RFS that were performed before and after the cigarette cession period, we found that there was a significant improvement both in RSI and in RFS ( P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). Also, there was significant correlation between the cigarette smoking period and RFS score that was determined at the beginning of the study ( P = .006, r = .54). A significant improvement was found both in RSI and in RFS after smoking cessation period, which might be the evidence of improvement in laryngeal irritation possibly caused by inflammation due to smoking and LPR. A significant positive correlation was found between smoking period and RFS, especially with vocal fold edema and posterior commissure hypertrophy.
Characterizing Posterior Neck Masses: A Single-Institution Retrospective and Systematic Review
Authors: Moss William J. , Finegersh Andrey , Narayanan Ajay , Gillard Danielle , Califano Joseph , Brumund Kevin T. , Coffey Charley S. , Orosco Ryan K.
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Posterior neck masses are a relatively poorly characterized entity. The authors attempt to further characterize the anatomy and pathology of the posterior neck by way of a combined single-institution retrospective chart review and systematic review of the literature.

Methods:

A single-institution retrospective chart review was undertaken for all patients undergoing excision of a posterior neck mass between January 1, 2012, and January 1, 2017. A systematic review of the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane database was undertaken in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in search of case reports and series describing posterior neck masses.

Results:

A total of 28 patients who underwent excision of a posterior neck mass were encountered during the retrospective chart review. All pathologies were benign, the most prevalent of which was lipoma (22/28, 79%). A total of 19 articles describing a collective 36 posterior neck masses were encountered during the systematic review. Lipomas were the most common pathology (15/36, 42%). All but one of the masses reported were benign (35/36, 97%).

Conclusions:

Patients presenting with posterior neck masses can be reassured of a low risk of malignancy. The majority of posterior neck masses can be appropriately evaluated via physical examination and ultrasound.
Topologies of Organization: Space in Continuous Deformation
Authors: Ratner Helene
Published: October 2019

This paper offers to extend existing discussions about the socio-material production of organizational space through the concept of topology. It does so by: (1) connecting the concept of topology to existing approaches to spatial organization that emphasize its socio-material and open-ended emergence; (2) theorizing organizational space as being in constant deformation across different topological shapes; and (3) exploring this in an empirical example that juxtaposes a management meeting with its interruption. The empirical material is collected through the method of shadowing managers at a Danish school. Theoretically, the paper argues that the shaping of space is contingent upon dis/continuities between (non)human agencies. The topological deformation of space testifies to the continuous but under-acknowledged work provided by (non)human agencies to both achieve and challenge the stability of organizational space. It further situates the boundary between inside and outside as a transient condition. This renders spatial matters such as scale and size situational achievements. Topology thus implies that we cannot in advance scale organization into micro and macro spatialities, and further, foregrounds the inherent dis/organization of space.
Two-Dimension Assessment of Marital Functioning across Adulthood: The Quality of Relationships Inventory
Authors: Deits-Lebehn Carlene , Smith Timothy W. , Baucom Brian R. W. , Nealey-Moore Jill B. , Uchino Bert N. , Berg Cynthia A.
Published: October 2019

Single-dimension measures of marital quality can obscure distinct effects of positive and negative aspects of relationships. The present study extended evidence regarding the two-dimension relationship quality model generally, and the Quality of Relationship Inventory (QRI) Support and Conflict scales in particular, by examining associations with overall marital adjustment, represented continuously and as a discrete category of significant marital discord, and depressive symptoms, using younger, middle-aged and older couples. Using multilevel modeling (MLM), QRI Support and Conflict scales were independently associated with overall marital adjustment in the continuous and categorical analyses. As expected, QRI Conflict was more consistently associated with depressive symptoms than was QRI Support. Results were consistent across age and sex. Hence, the two-dimension model is applicable for continuous and more clinically relevant categorical representations of marital quality across adulthood, and the QRI Support and Conflict scales provide additional measures of positive and negative aspects of relationship quality.
Cultism in Rivers State: Causes, Faith-Based Organizations’ Role and the Setbacks
Authors: Nche George C
Published: October 2019

This study explored the role of faith-based organizations (FBOs) in addressing the scourge of cultism in Rivers State. Views were elicited from 16 informants from different parts of the state. Using a descriptive narrative approach, the study revealed that youth unwillingness to work and unemployment were ranked highest among the factors responsible for the menace of cultism in Rivers State. Prayers and occasional enlightenment are the major roles FBOs (e.g. congregations) have played in addressing the menace amidst setbacks such as complicity of politicians, lack of fund and lack of cooperation from parents and local chiefs in some communities in the state. The implications of the findings for FBOs, youths and family are discussed.
Strikebreaking and Anti-Unionism on the Waterfront: The Shipping Federation, 1890–1914
Authors: Saluppo Alessandro
Published: October 2019

This article examines the policy and strategies of the Shipping Federation, which was the most aggressive employer association in the United Kingdom during the pre-war period. Using a vast array of sources, including several series of minutes and the financial records and ledgers of the association of shipowners, this article provides a number of insights into the Federation’s organizational and operational structure, the subcontracting of labour replacement to professional or commercial strike-breaker agencies as well as the delegation of protection tasks to vigilante groups. It looks at the transnationalization of its anti-labour schemes and the formation of an international body of strike-breakers, the International Shipping Federation, to deal with the question of maritime labour at home and abroad. The article emphasizes the shipowners’ propositions to form their own private security organization in response to the Liberal government’s assertion of neutrality in labour disputes. It shows their determination to use violence, including the presence of firearms, to suppress efforts by unions to achieve recognition and the monopoly over the supply of labour and hiring procedures. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the inclination of certain sectors of British industry to employ violent, illegal and inherently subversive means to protect their managerial authority from both the opposition of trade unions and the increasing encroachment of the state into industrial matters.
‘The Public Force of the Private State’ – Strikebreaking and Visions of Subversion in Liberal Italy (1880s to 1914)
Authors: Millan Matteo
Published: October 2019

From the end of the nineteenth century onwards, Italy witnessed a significant increase in labour conflicts, trade unionism and social protests, all of which shook the foundations of the liberal state. Following the failure of the authorities’ attempts to deal with mass protests, efforts were made under the governments of Giovanni Giolitti to adopt new policing policies that embraced state neutrality in social conflicts and the deployment at the same time of substantial police forces to prevent the escalation of conflict and bloodshed. The success of these policies is highly questionable and there were major differences in this respect between northern and southern Italy, and between rural and industrial areas. Nevertheless, these policies contributed to the fear of abandonment and desire for revenge felt by significant sections of the propertied classes, and the issue of strikebreaking was at the centre of the controversy. Focusing on the Po Valley, this article first presents a broad overview of the political situation in Italy with emphasis on policing policies and work replacement, then analyses the various forms of legal and illegal private strike-breaker protection organizations that took on clear subversive aims. Drawing on newspapers and archival records, the article highlights the overlap between private and public law enforcement and the combination of coercion and consensus in the Italian countryside. The long-term consequences of the unresolved issue of strikebreaking and private policing help explain the rise of Fascism after the Great War.
Work-directed rehabilitation or physical activity to support work ability and mental health in common mental disorders: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Danielsson Louise , Waern Margda , Hensing Gunnel , Holmgren Kristina
Published: October 2019

Objective:

To evaluate feasibility and potential effectiveness of work-directed rehabilitation in people with common mental disorders.

Design:

Pilot randomized controlled trial.

Setting:

Primary healthcare, Sweden.

Subjects:

Working adults ( n = 42) of mean age 46.2 ± 11.1 years with depression or anxiety disorder.

Interventions:

Eight weeks of work-directed rehabilitation ( n = 21) or physical activity ( n = 21). Work-directed rehabilitation included sessions with a physiotherapist and/or an occupational therapist, to develop strategies to cope better at work. Physical activity included a planning session and access to a local gym.

Main measures:

Feasibility: attendance, discontinuation and adverse events. Measurements were the Work Ability Index, the Global Assessment of Functioning, the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory and the World Health Organization—Five Well-Being Index.

Results:

Attendance to rehabilitation sessions was 88% ( n = 147/167) and discontinuation rate was 14% ( n = 3/21). No serious adverse events were reported. Within both groups, there was a significant improvement in Work Ability Index score (mean change: 3.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45, 6.7) in work-directed rehabilitation and 3.9 (95% CI: 0.9, 7.0) in physical activity) with no significant difference between groups. For the other outcomes, significant improvements were found within but not between groups. Per-protocol analysis showed a trend toward the antidepressant effect of work-directed rehabilitation compared to physical activity (mean difference in depression score −3.1 (95% CI: −6.8, 0.4), P = 0.075).

Conclusion:

Work-directed rehabilitation was feasible to persons with common mental disorders and improved their work ability and mental health. Comparable improvements were seen in the physical activity group. Suggested modifications for a larger trial include adding a treatment-as-usual control.
Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear by Itself Does Not Cause Shoulder Pain or Muscle Weakness in Baseball Players
Authors: Mihata Teruhisa , Morikura Rei , Hasegawa Akihiko , Fukunishi Kunimoto , Kawakami Takeshi , Fujisawa Yukitaka , Ohue Mutsumi , Neo Masashi
Published: October 2019

Background:

Partial-thickness rotator cuff tears are common shoulder injuries in baseball players. For some tears, the symptoms can be relieved through physical therapy or debridement without rotator cuff repair.

Purpose:

To assess whether partial-thickness rotator cuff tear by itself causes shoulder pain and muscle weakness in baseball players.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

We studied 87 university baseball players (age, 19.5 ± 0.8 years; baseball career, 11.5 ± 1.6 years). All data were obtained during a full-participation annual medical check in 1 team. Rotator cuff tendons were examined ultrasonographically and allocated to 4 groups: (1) no tear, (2) supraspinatus tendon tear, (3) infraspinatus tendon tear, and (4) both supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendon tears. Current shoulder pain and shoulder muscle strength (dominant/nondominant) in abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation were compared by using chi-square and t tests. All players could play baseball with or without shoulder pain in this study.

Results:

Of the 87 players, 41 (47%) had articular-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears diagnosed on ultrasonography; the remaining 46 athletes were tear-free. Of the 41 affected patients, 19 had tears in the supraspinatus, 13 in the infraspinatus, and 9 in both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons. Tear depth (mean ± SD) was 4.6 ± 2.3 mm in the supraspinatus and 6.2 ± 3.6 mm in the infraspinatus. Neither the rate of shoulder pain nor muscle strength differed significantly among the 4 groups ( P = .96 and P = .15-.70, respectively).

Conclusion:

Articular-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tear—by itself—did not cause shoulder pain and muscle weakness in university baseball players. Most so-called articular-sided partial-thickness rotator cuff tears may not be pathologic tendon tears.