bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Scandium‐containing Coordination Polymers with Linear Linker Molecules: Crystal Structures and Luminescence Properties
Authors: Rönfeldt Pia , Ruser Niklas , Reinsch Helge , Grape Erik Svensson , Ken Inge A. , Suta Markus , Terraschke Huayna , Stock Norbert
Published: April 2020

Two new scandium‐containing coordination polymers, with the formulae {(CH3)2NH2}[Sc(BPDC)2] (1) and [Sc(OH) (BPyDC)] (2) were solvothermally synthesized by using the linear linker molecules biphenyl‐4,4'‐dicarboxylic acid (H2BPDC) and 2,2'‐bipyridine‐5,5'‐dicarboxylic acid (H2BPyDC). Crystal structures were determined from single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction data, respectively. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 contain isolated ScO6 or chains of trans corner‐sharing ScO6 octahedra as the inorganic building unit (IBU), which are connected by the linker molecules to a 3D framework or a layered structure, respectively. The compounds were characterized by IR‐spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. 1 shows blue emission at 400 nm, while 2 exhibits intense green emission at 550 nm with a high quantum yield (QY) of 69 %.
Oxidation State Assignments in the Organoplatinum One‐Electron Redox Series [(N^N)PtMes2]n, n = +,0, –,2‐
Authors: Bauer Sonja , Záliš Stanislav , Fiedler Jan , Ringenberg Mark R. , Kaim Wolfgang
Published: April 2020

The neutral complexes [(N^N)PtMes2], N^N = bis(1‐methyl‐2‐imidazolyl)ketone (bik) or N,N'‐disubstituted 1,2‐bis‐iminoacenaphthenes (R‐BIAN), Mes = mesityl, were obtained and characterized as PtII species with planar N2PtC2 configuration and charge transfer transitions in the visible. Reversible one‐electron reduction produces radical anion complexes with the spin predominantly localized in the N^N ligand, according to EPR, UV/Vis‐IR spectroelectrochemistry, DFT and TD‐DFT studies. Reversible one‐electron oxidation was also possible, attributed to the steric and electronic influence from the mesityl ligands. The EPR silent cation [(bik)PtMes2]+ was characterized by UV/Vis‐NIR spectroscopy and TD‐DFT calculations as a system with spin density contributions from Pt (31 %) and two mesityl groups (69 %).
Br vs. TsO Chemoselective Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction on Nicotinaldehyde Moiety for the Preparation of 2,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyridines
Authors: Hédou Damien , Voisin‐Chiret Anne Sophie
Published: April 2020

Br vs. TsO chemoselective pallado‐catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura reaction has been developed from the 5‐bromo‐2‐tosyloxynicotinaldehyde for the preparation of polysubstituted pyridines. This methodology has been applied for the preparation of a terpyridine aldehyde, as a versatile precursor of potential Mcl‐1 (Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein) inhibitors. The synthesis of pyridoclax, our lead compound which demonstrated efficacy for the treatment of chemoresistant ovarian cancer, has also been achieved via the palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction in 5 steps from 3,5‐dibromo‐2‐hydroxypyridine with 50 % overall yield.
Selective PdII‐Catalyzed Acylation of Pyrrole with Aldehydes. Application to the Synthesis of Celastramycin Analogues and Tolmetin
Authors: Santiago Carlos , Rubio Ibon , Sotomayor Nuria , Lete Esther
Published: April 2020

The PdII‐catalyzed C‐2 acylation of pyrrole with aldehydes in the presence of TBHP as oxidant has been studied for the synthesis of di(hetero)aryl ketones. The use of 2‐pyrimidine as directing group leads to 2‐acylpyrroles in moderate to good yields, although 2,5‐diacylpyrroles are obtained as by products. This side‐reaction could be avoided using 3‐methy‐2‐pyridine as directing group, obtaining selectively 2‐acylpyrroles. The reaction has been extended to a series of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes, obtaining the best results with electron rich aromatic aldehydes. The methodology has been applied in the synthesis of pyrrolomycin alkaloid Celastramycin analogues and for an improved synthesis of Tolmetin, a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug.
Use TikTok to engage with future students
Authors: Pavlik Amelia
Published: April 2020

A Pomeranian in a Santa suit dashing through the snow to Mariah Carey's “All I Want for Christmas Is You”. A group of guys on a mall escalator shaking their hips and singing to Shakira's “Hips Don't Lie.” These TikTok videos might sound completely unrelated to your work, but this popular platform has become key to engaging with prospective students.
Bid and ask prices of index put options: Which predicts the underlying stock returns?
Authors: Chen Jian , Liu Yangshu
Published: April 2020

In this study, we separately estimate the implied volatility from the bid and ask prices of deep out‐of‐the‐money put options on the S&P500 index. We find that the implied volatility of ask prices has stronger predictive power for stock returns than does the implied volatility of bid prices. We identify two sources of the better performance of the ask price implied volatility: one is its stronger predictive power during economic recessions and in the presence of increasing intermediary capital risk, and the other is its richer information about the future market variance risk premium.
The role of financial investors in determining the commodity futures risk premium
Authors: Isleimeyyeh Mohammad
Published: April 2020

I develop and test a model to study the interaction between the commodity and stock markets. This study attempts to clarify the debate about the effect of financialization on commodity markets. Theoretically, the futures risk premium is determined by hedging pressure, stock market returns, and the commodity–equity correlation. Empirically, the effect of the stock market on the energy market became significantly greater for the futures risk premium in the period following the 2008 crisis. Furthermore, hedging pressure is a strong explanatory variable for the futures risk premium in various circumstances.
Facies development, palaeoecology, and palaeoenvironment of the Seymareh (Lopha Limestone) Member of the Gurpi Formation (Upper Campanian), Lurestan Province, SW Iran
Authors: Hashmie Afshin , Rashwan Mohamed , El Hedeny Magdy , Sharyari Samira , Rahimi Samira , Mansour Heba
Published: April 2020

The Seymareh (Lopha Limestone) Member of the Gurpi Formation (Upper Campanian) has been investigated to evaluate facies development and macrofaunal content and to interpret their palaeoecology and palaeoenvironment of the area. In this area, a total of seven exposed stratigraphic sections at Lurestan Province of south‐west Iran were measured and described. Depending upon the lithology, microfacies characteristics, and palaeontological criteria, the Seymareh Member could be subdivided into four stratigraphic units from base to top: Unit 1, fossiliferous grey shale interbedded with fine‐grained nodular limestone; Unit 2, thick massive fossiliferous limestone; Unit 3, grey and olive‐green argillaceous moderately fossiliferous limestone; and Unit 4, light grey to creamy, medium‐ to thick‐bedded fossiliferous limestone. Petrographically, the Seymareh facies are composed mainly of bioclastic grainstone, floatstone‐rudstone, and packstone/wackestone that contain a mixed benthic/pelagic microfossil associated with macrofossils (mainly oysters and echinoids). The obtained information confirmed that the Upper Campanian Seymareh Member was deposited in a shallow submarine palaeo‐canyon environment.
Navigating the impact of COVID‐19 on palliative care for head and neck cancer
Authors: Singh Arjun Gurmeet , Deodhar Jayita , Chaturvedi Pankaj
Published: April 2020

Health care services are being confronted by a daily dilemma of who can receive critical care and who cannot. In a palliative care clinic, this apprehension gets exemplified, as these patients have limited life expectancy. The head and neck region further makes things critical, as it comprises of all the sites through which the SARS‐CoV‐2 can be transmitted. This document strives to define the ways in which the head and neck cancer services can contribute to better patient care in a triage context. Practical steps suggested are protective equipment use, ensuring access to critical drugs (such as opioids), greater use of telemedicine consultations, discussing advance care plans, and embracing the role of a wider community support.
The Hepatic Sinusoid in Aging and Disease: Update and Advances From the 20th Liver Sinusoid Meeting
Authors: Ortega‐Ribera Martí , Hunt Nicholas J. , Gracia‐Sancho Jordi , Cogger Victoria C.
Published: April 2020

This is a meeting report of the 2019 Liver Sinusoid Meeting, 20th International Symposium on Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid, held in Sydney, Australia, in September 2019. The meeting, which was organized by the International Society for Hepatic Sinusoidal Research, provided an update on the recent advances in the field of hepatic sinusoid cells in relation to cell biology, aging, and liver disease, with particular focus on the molecular and cellular targets involved in hepatic fibrosis, nonalcoholic hepatic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and cirrhosis. In addition, the meeting highlighted the recent advances in regenerative medicine, targeted nanotechnologies, therapeutics, and novel methodologies.
Spatio‐temporal variations of soil moisture and salinity and their effects on cotton growth in a mulched drip irrigation field*
Authors: Hu Hongchang , Wen Jie , Peng Zhenyang , Tian Fuqiang , Ming Guanghui , Liu Hui , Yan Zhifeng , Yawar Ali Khan Mohd
Published: April 2020

Experiments were carried out to study the dynamics of soil moisture and salinity and the effect factors on cotton growth in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China in 2012 and 2013. Regular soil samples, germination rate, plant height and cotton yield rate were surveyed during the growing stage. Soil moisture and salinity in the inter‐film zone (IFZ) and near tape zone (NTZ) began to vary in mid‐April. The water content and salinity were lower in the IFZ and NTZ respectively, and the differences reached a significant level limited to the upper 5 cm layer of the soil. However, the difference increased from June to September, when drip irrigation was used and transpiration was enhanced. Spatial standard deviations of soil moisture and salinity increased with the relevant spatial mean, and the spatial variation of soil salinity was higher in the NTZ than in the IFZ after elution and evaporation of the growing seasons. Pearson correlation tests showed that soils with higher soil moisture, lower salinity and more fine particles were generally favourable for cotton growth and production, while germination rate and plant height were mainly influenced by soil properties in the upper 20 cm of soil. Cotton yield could be influenced by soil properties from 50 to 80 cm below the top surface. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of Symptom Load by a Disease‐Specific Questionnaire HPQ 28 and Analysis of Associated Biochemical Parameters in Patients With Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Wilde Deborah , Wilken Lara , Stamm Bettina , Heppner Christina , Leha Andreas , Blaschke Martina , Herrmann‐Lingen Christoph , Siggelkow Heide
Published: April 2020

In hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT), patients suffer severely from reduced quality of life. The complexity of HypoPT demands a disease‐specific control instrument to characterize symptom load. We employed a newly developed disease‐specific Hypoparathyroid Patient Questionnaire (the HPQ 40/28) to investigate and quantify HypoPT patients' complaints and contributing factors. In this cross‐sectional, two‐center study, patients with postsurgical HypoPT (n = 49) were matched for gender and age and compared with patients having undergone thyroid surgery without HypoPT (n = 39) and patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (n = 35). The HPQ 40/28 was completed when patients visited the respective center. Clinical background information, blood tests, and current medication were documented by the physician. Serum calcium lay within the reference range in 87% of HypoPT patients, serum phosphate in 95.7%, and calcium–phosphate product (CPP) in 100%. HPQ 40/28 scores for the scales “pain and cramps” (PaC), “neurovegetative symptoms” (NVS), “numbness or tingling,” and “heart palpitations” were significantly elevated in comparison with control groups. Correlations between complaints and laboratory parameters could be demonstrated in the HypoPT group, with serum calcium correlating with NVS (r = 0.309, p < 0.05) and serum phosphate with loss of vitality (r = 0.349, p < 0.05). CPP was the main contributor to symptom load with an influence on PaC (r = 0.295, p < 0.05), loss of vitality (r = 0.498, p < 0.001), numbness or tingling (r = 0.328, p < 0.05), and memory problems (r = 0.296, p < 0.05). In conclusion, the newly developed HPQ 40/28 successfully identified and quantified symptoms typical in HypoPT patients. Using the HPQ 40/28, the CPP was identified as the predominant factor in the severity of complaints in HypoPT. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Current Value of Fetal MRI in Prenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Snyder Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

Level of Evidence

5

Technical Efficacy Stage

2
Hyper‐Raman spectroscopy of CeO2
Authors: Villa‐Aleman Eliel , Houk Amanda L. , Dick Don D. , Hunyadi Murph Simona E.
Published: April 2020

Cerium dioxide (CeO2) belongs to the fluorite structure group (Oh5 point group) resulting in one Raman active T2g mode and two IR active T1u TO and LO modes. The T2g Raman band in CeO2 has been used to probe the symmetric Ce–O vibrational mode of different sized nanoparticulates. Far infrared studies of the Ce–O interactions are difficult to conduct because of low optical transmission, efficiency of the detector, and water absorption bands interfering with the measurements. The selection rules of hyper‐Raman spectroscopy (HRS) allow the study of IR bands in the far infrared spectral region, such as the motion of the Ce atoms. For the first time, HRS was used to investigate the T1u TO and LO IR modes in CeO2. The position and full‐width half‐maximum (FWHM) of the TO and LO bands in the HRS spectrum were used to investigate the spectral response in relation to particle size (i.e., phonon confinement). The investigation of CeO2 with HRS provides a research platform for future work in the study of ThO2, UO2, and PuO2 IR modes.
Orbital facilitated charge transfer originated phonon mode in Cr‐substituted PrFeO3: A brief Raman study
Authors: Kumar Anil , Umrao Sima , Sagdeo Pankaj R.
Published: April 2020

We report the possible origin of orbital facilitated new Raman mode in orthorhombic perovskite PrFe1‐xCrxO3. For this purpose, resonance and power‐dependent Raman spectroscopy measurements have been carried out to understand the origin of local oxygen breathing mode in the mixed Fe–Cr orthorhombic perovskites through the orbital mediated charge transfer mechanism. It has been observed that multi‐phonon scattering is highly sensitive to the presence of mixed Fe–Cr ions and is absent in pure iso‐structural vacuum annealed PrFeO3. The Raman spectroscopy results infer a scaling in the intensity of octahedral breathing Raman mode around 660 cm−1, which is attributed to the lattice rearrangement due to the transfer of an electron from Cr3+(d3) to Fe3+(d5) and results to d2–d6 (Cr4+–O−2–Fe2+) configuration. The interactions of d2–d6 configuration are different from d3–d5 configuration, which leads to the octahedral lattice rearrangement and activates the new Raman mode. The charge transfer phenomenon is supported through first‐principle calculations and valence band spectroscopy.
Swelling properties of roasted coffee particles
Authors: Hargarten Verena Bernadette , Kuhn Michael , Briesen Heiko
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

In this study, the swelling behavior of roasted coffee particles in water and particularly its impact on particle diameter is examined by applying laser‐diffraction analysis and microscopy. Several potential influencing factors are investigated: initial particle size, roasting degree, and temperature. Additionally, the time dependency of swelling and particle shape is evaluated at two different temperatures.

RESULTS

We verify that particle erosion occurs – as observed by an increase of the fine particle fraction after wetting – and it is revealed that this effect is more pronounced with a rise in temperature. The total relative increase in particle size is determined as approximately 15% based on a broad range of different sized coffee grounds. It is demonstrated that the degree of swelling is independent of both the initial particle diameter and the roasting degree. The particle shape is found to be unaffected by swelling. This research reveals that swelling is initially quick, with 60–80% of the final steady‐state diameter being reached after 30 s and completed after 4 min of wetting, i.e. within the timescale of conventional coffee brewing methods.

CONCLUSION

This work provides a better understanding of the impact of wetting as part of the coffee brewing process, thus aiding the design, modeling, and optimization of coffee extraction. It clarifies the strong deviation of previous results on coffee‐particle swelling by considering particle erosion and degassing and provides a robust method for quantification. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
High‐performance vacuum‐processed metal oxide thin‐film transistors: A review of recent developments
Authors: Kim Hee Jun , Park Kyungho , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: April 2020

Since 2010, vacuum‐processed oxide semiconductors have greatly improved with the publication of more than 1,300 related papers. Although the number of researches on oxide semiconductors has continued to increase year by year, the average field‐effect mobility of oxide semiconductor thin‐film transistors (TFTs) has not shown significant improvement; from 2010 to 2018; the average field‐effect mobility of vacuum‐processed n‐type oxide TFTs is around 20 cm2/Vs. To investigate the obstacles for performance improvements, the latest progress and researches on vacuum‐processed oxide semiconductor TFTs for high performance over the past decade are highlighted, along with the pros and cons of each technology. Finally, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic circuits composed of both n‐ and p‐type oxide semiconductor TFTs are introduced, and future prospects for this state‐of‐the‐art research on the oxide semiconductors are presented.
Identification and Analysis of Bacterial Contamination of Ultrasound Transducers and Multiuse Ultrasound Transmission Gel Bottle Tips Before and After the Aseptic Cleansing Technique
Authors: Mullins Kevin , Burnham Kevin , Henricson Erik K. , Cohen Stuart , Fair James , Ray Jeremiah W.
Published: April 2020

Objectives

To provide a descriptive analysis for species identification of culture and Gram stain results from ultrasound transducers and multiuse ultrasound transmission gel bottle tips in active clinical use and to compare bacterial cultures from ultrasound transducers before and after aseptic cleansing.

Methods

A prospective blinded descriptive analytic study of 18 distinct clinical care sites within a single primary clinical institution was conducted. Before and after a disinfectant towel cleanse, transducers were pressed against tryptic soy agar contact plates. Plates were deidentified and submitted for blind incubation, Gram staining, and species identification with microsequencing. Results were classified as clinically relevant (CR) or non–clinically relevant. In total, 188 samples were analyzed: 80 from ultrasound transducers before and cleansing, 13 from multiuse gel bottle tips before and after cleansing, and 2 precleansing samples from the data collector’s pen and badge.

Results

Fifty‐nine precleansing samples (73.8%) grew cultures with CR bacteria, and 21 samples (26.3%) did not. Staphylococcus simulans represented 31.0% of all positive culture samples. Thirteen postcleansing samples (16.3%) grew cultures with CR bacteria, equating to a 78.0% reduction of CR bacterial growth (likelihood ratio, 57.10; P < .001).

Conclusions

Ultrasound transducers have a notable CR bacterial burden and may serve as potential infective vectors. Aseptic cleansing effectively eliminates most of the bacterial load from ultrasound transducers, but some bacteria persist, presenting a risk of nosocomial infection with ultrasound‐guided interventions. These findings support American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine 2018 guidelines intended to ensure an appropriate level of transducer preparation based on the examination type while emphasizing rational infection control measures to minimize the risk of potential patient harm.
Applications of single‐cell sequencing for the field of otolaryngology: A contemporary review
Authors: Pyle Madeline P. , Hoa Michael
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐Seq) is a new technique used to interrogate the transcriptome of individual cells within native tissues that have already resulted in key discoveries in auditory basic science research. Rapid advances in scRNA‐Seq make it likely that it will soon be translated into clinical medicine. The goal of this review is to inspire the use of scRNA‐Seq in otolaryngology by giving examples of how it can be applied to patient samples and how this information can be used clinically.

Methods

Studies were selected based on the scientific quality and relevance to scRNA‐Seq. In addition to mouse auditory system (inner ear including hair cells and supporting cells, spiral ganglion neurons, and inner ear organoids), recent studies using human primary cell samples are discussed. We also perform our own analysis on publicly available, published scRNA‐Seq data from oral head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples to serve as an example of a clinically relevant application of scRNA‐Seq.

Results

Studies focusing on patient tissues show that scRNA‐Seq reveals tissue heterogeneity and rare‐cell types responsible for disease pathogenesis. The heterogeneity detected by scRNA‐Seq can result in both the identification of known or novel disease biomarkers and drug targets. Our analysis of HNSCC data gives an example for how otolaryngologists can use scRNA‐Seq for clinical use.

Conclusions

Although there are limitations to the translation of scRNA‐Seq to the clinic, we show that its use in otolaryngology can give physicians insight into the tissue heterogeneity within their patient's diseased tissue giving them information on disease pathogenesis, novel disease biomarkers or druggable targets, and aid in selecting patient‐specific drug cocktails.
Landscape and biophysical controls of lake productivity to inform evaluation of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) populations in data‐limited regions
Authors: Atlas William I. , Selbie Daniel T. , Holt Carrie A. , Cox‐Rogers Steve , Carr‐Harris Charmaine , Pitman Kara J. , Moore Jonathan W.
Published: April 2020

Landscape models are increasingly used to classify and predict the structure and productivity of data‐limited aquatic ecosystems. One such suite of ecosystems is on the remote North and Central Coast (NCC) of British Columbia, where sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) rear in more than 150 lakes. Given their remoteness and limited resources for assessment, limnological and population monitoring in many of these lakes has been periodic or absent, limiting understanding of the status of populations and their habitats. Lake photosynthetic rate (PR) estimates are foundational to models of sockeye salmon nursery lake productive capacity. Using data from 61 lakes across the NCC, we compared a suite of landscape and lake variables in an information theoretic framework producing a set of models relating these characteristics to lake PR. A categorical variable related to lake biogeochemistry—whether a lake is humic stained, clear, or glacially turbid—was the most important variable predicting lake PR and was included in all models. Lake surface area relative to upstream catchment size and lake perimeter‐to‐surface‐area ratio were also important, with smaller upstream catchments yielding higher production, and high shoreline complexity correlated with lower productivity as measured by limnetic PR. Model‐averaged predictions of PR from the four models with the lowest residual error were created for 96 lakes currently lacking limnological assessments. These landscape models represent a valuable starting point for evaluating lake‐specific carrying capacities for data‐poor sockeye salmon populations under Canada's Wild Salmon Policy.
Generic Molding Platform for Simple, Low‐Cost Fabrication of Polymeric Microneedles
Authors: Badnikar Kedar , Jayadevi Shreyas N. , Pahal Suman , Sripada Sukruth , Nayak Manjunatha M. , Vemula Praveen K. , Subrahmanyam Dinesh N.
Published: April 2020

Micromolding technology is widely used for the fabrication of polymer microneedles for transdermal and intradermal drug delivery applications. Geometric features of microneedles in molding are solely determined by geometry of the master mold template. Fabrication of master mold template usually involves costly and cumbersome technologies due to small feature sizes typical of microneedles. In this research, a novel molding platform is designed that is fabricated using low‐cost and simple techniques with flexibility of producing large number of microneedle geometries. The proposed molding platform eliminates need for developing multiple mold templates for fabrication of various geometries of polymer microneedles. Utility of this molding platform is demonstrated in polylactic acid‐based solid thermoplastic microneedles and polyacrylic acid‐based dissolvable microneedles with various aspect ratio settings. Various microneedles fabricated at heights differing with resolution of as low as 100 µm are successfully achieved using specified settings in the molding platform. The suitability of fabricated microneedles for drug delivery applications is evaluated by in vitro and in vivo testing.
A Case Report of Chronic Progressive Pancerebellar Syndrome with Leukoencephalopathy:L‐2 Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria
Authors: Shah Heli , Chandarana Mitesh , Sheth Jayesh , Shah Sudhir
Published: April 2020

View Supplementary Video 1
Reconstruction of a radical total vulvectomy defect with a single split anterolateral thigh perforator flap: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: O'Brien Andrew L. , Jadallah Erin , Chao Albert H.
Published: April 2020

Reconstruction following total vulvectomy is a reconstructive challenge. Previously described techniques typically require bilateral flaps and the associated donor site morbidity. We present a case of reconstruction after radical total vulvectomy using a single split anterolateral thigh (ALT) perforator flap with a design that optimizes perfusion while allowing for primary donor site closure. A 68‐year‐old female with a history of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma who had previously undergone vulvectomy and radiation therapy presented with local recurrence. The patient required a radical total vulvectomy, resulting in a 12 × 10 cm vulvar defect. A 2‐perforator ALT flap (25 × 7 cm) was harvested, split transversely, and then inset in a circumferential manner around the vulva. This approach contrasts with previous reports, which split the ALT flap longitudinally or centrally, and can compromise perfusion and/or preclude primary donor site closure. The patient healed without complication with 6 months of follow‐up. The described approach allows for total vulvectomy reconstruction using a single ALT flap with a perforator configuration that maximizes perfusion while obviating the need for donor site grafting.
Classification of maps on a finite set under permutation
Authors: García Zapata Juan Luis , Rico‐Gallego Juan‐Antonio
Published: April 2020

We characterize when two mapsf,g:X→Xon a finite set are conjugated, that is, when there is a permutationσ:X→Xsuch thatf=σ−1gσ. We build a signature sgn (f) for every mapfsuch thatfandgare conjugated if and only if sgn (f)=sgn (g). This signature is an array that includes information about the cycles of the map and the noncyclic elements, called transients, besides data about the insertion of the transients in the cycle. The transient elements form several tree shape graphs. Our characterization is a generalization of the known fact that two permutations are conjugated if and only if they have the same cycle structure. We use elementary facts about finite dynamical systems and about the canonical labeling of unordered trees. The signature can be built by an algorithm of complexityO(n), beingnthe cardinality ofX.
Catheter‐associated meatal pressure injury in hospitalized males
Authors: Shenhar Chen , Mansvetov Marina , Baniel Jack , Golan Shay , Aharony Shachar
Published: April 2020

Aims

To assess the prevalence of catheter‐associated meatal pressure injury in acute hospitalized males, to determine risk factors for its formation and to propose a grading system for meatal pressure injury severity.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, we screened all adult males concurrently hospitalized at a tertiary medical center for indwelling urethral catheters and for meatal pressure injury. We proposed a system to grade meatal pressure injury severity and used logistic‐regression modeling to calculate odds ratios (ORs) of possible risk factors.

Results

A number of 168/751 (22.4%) hospitalized males with indwelling urethral catheters were included. Median age was 70.5 (inter‐quartile range [IQR]: 57.0‐80.3) years, median time from catheterization 5.5 (IQR: 2‐11) days. A total of 61 (36%) had meatal pressure injury, as early as the first day after catheterization. Grade III injuries (<2 cm ulcer) developed in 22 (13%) patients, earliest noted on the second catheter day, and grade IV injuries (≥2 cm) in 7 (4%) patients, as early as 5 days post catheterization.

In a multivariable analysis, catheter fixation (OR: 0.26 [95% CI: 0.10‐0.70]; P = .008) was associated with reduced risk of meatal pressure injury, while catheter presence over 14 days (OR: 1.46 [95% CI: 1.01‐1.08]; P = .005) and other skin ulcers (OR: 2.45 [95% CI: 1.05‐5.71]; P = .038) were associated with a higher risk of meatal pressure injury.

Conclusions

Meatal pressure injury is a common complication of indwelling catheters in hospitalized males, beginning days after catheterization. Meatal pressure injury was associated with prolonged catheter presence, other pressure injuries, and lack of catheter fixation. Prospective studies are needed to establish evidence‐based guidelines.
Reliability of manometry for assessing pelvic floor muscle function in healthy men
Authors: Ouchi Mifuka , Kitta Takeya , Takahashi Yui , Chiba Hiroki , Higuchi Madoka , Togo Mio , Shinohara Nobuo
Published: April 2020

Objectives

To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the reliability of assessment methods for male pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the reliability of manometry with an anal sensor (Peritron cat 9300A) to assess PFM function in healthy men.

Methods

Healthy male subjects (n = 21) without urinary leakage underwent testing to assess PFM function, and intra‐ and interrater reliability tests among examiners were performed. The PFM function included maximal anorectal squeeze pressure, endurance, mean anorectal squeeze pressure, gradient, and area under the curve during PFM voluntary contraction.

Results

Participants had a median age of 38 years (range 26‐51), and a mean BMI of 23.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2. Satisfactory intra‐ and interrater reliability scores were found for resting pressure, anorectal squeeze pressure, and endurance. The intra‐rater reliability of resting pressure, anorectal squeeze pressure, and endurance were 0.71, 0.89, and 0.75 for examiner 1 and 0.72, 0.89, and 0.87 for examiner 2. The interrater reliability for resting pressure, anorectal squeeze pressure, and endurance were 0.58, 0.93, and 0.61, respectively.

Conclusions

This is the first prospective study showing the favorable intra‐ and interrater reliability of manometry for PFM function in healthy men. Our findings demonstrated that manometry can provide both reliable and reproducible data regarding PFM function in continent men, suggesting Peritron cat 9300A can be used to evaluate the PFM function in men.
One‐year outcomes of the ARTISAN‐SNM study with the Axonics System for the treatment of urinary urgency incontinence
Authors: Benson Kevin , McCrery Rebecca , Taylor Chris , Padron Osvaldo , Blok Bertil , de Wachter Stefan , Pezzella Andrea , Gruenenfelder Jennifer , Pakzad Mahreen , Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimee , Van Kerrebroeck Philip , Mangel Jeffrey , Peters Kenneth , Kennelly Michael , Shapiro Andrew , Lee Una , Comiter Craig , Mueller Margaret , Goldman Howard , Lane Felicia
Published: April 2020

Aims

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a guideline‐recommended treatment for voiding dysfunction including urgency, urge incontinence, and nonobstructive retention as well as fecal incontinence. The Axonics® System is a miniaturized, rechargeable SNM system designed to provide therapy for at least 15 years, which is expected to significantly reduce revision surgeries as it will not require replacement as frequently as the non‐rechargeable SNM system. The ARTISAN‐SNM study is a pivotal study designed to treat patients with urinary urgency incontinence (UUI). Clinical results at 1‐year are presented.

Methods

A total of 129 eligible UUI patients were treated. All participants were implanted with a quadripolar tined lead and neurostimulator in a single procedure. Efficacy data were collected using a 3‐day bladder diary, a validated quality of life questionnaire (ICIQ‐OABqol), and a participant satisfaction questionnaire. Therapy responders were defined as participants with ≥50% reduction in UUI episodes compared to baseline. Data were analyzed on all 129 participants.

Results

At 1 year, 89% of the participants were therapy responders. The average UUI episodes per day reduced from 5.6 ± 0.3 at baseline to 1.4 ± 0.2. Participants experienced an overall clinically meaningful improvement of 34 points on the ICIQ‐OABqol questionnaire. All study participants (100%) were able to recharge their device at 1 year, and 96% of participants reported that the frequency and duration of recharging was acceptable. There were no serious device‐related adverse events.

Conclusions

The Axonics System is safe and effective at 1 year, with 89% of participants experiencing clinically and statistically significant improvements in UUI symptoms.
Tough fishing and severe seasonal food insecurity in Amazonian flooded forests
Authors: Tregidgo Daniel , Barlow Jos , Pompeu Paulo S. , Parry Luke
Published: April 2020

Billions of people rely on harvesting wildlife for food, and must contend with catch rates that vary in space (e.g. overharvesting near communities) and time (e.g. seasonal migrations). Yet, research has overlooked potential linkages between reduced wildlife catch rates (catch‐per‐unit‐effort) and food security. Moreover, assumptions that people living in biologically rich environments are food secure lack empirical testing. This is problematic given that food security rests on having stable access to sufficient food, rather than there being sufficient food.

We examine spatiotemporal variation in fish catch rates and perceived food security among rural communities in Amazonian flooded forests. We also assess social inequities in food insecurity. We used structured interviews to collect data on fishing, hunting, chicken and beef consumption, and perceptions of food security. We did so during 556 household visits along a spatial gradient (1,267 km) of commercial fishing pressure, during high‐ and low‐water seasons.

We provide the first empirical evidence of simultaneous seasonal crashes in wildlife catch rates and food insecurity. During the high‐water season, fish catch rates were 73% lower, and the probability of not eating for a whole day was four times higher. With a third of households skipping meals and a sixth not eating for a whole day during this season, food security can be classed as severe. However, less‐deprived households tended to avoid severe food insecurity. Fish catch rates and perceived food security did not vary along a spatial gradient of commercial overfishing. River‐dwelling Amazonians increased fishing and hunting efforts during the high‐water season, without eating more chicken and beef, emphasizing the importance of stable access to wild fish and bushmeat.

This study shows how wildlife catch rates and food security can crash seasonally and simultaneously, demonstrating the fallacies of environmental and social policies which assume stability of food availability in resource‐rich areas. Our results have implications for degraded habitats where falls in catch rates also occur. This suggests that overharvesting, as with other causes of reduced catch rates, could cause food insecurity in wildlife‐reliant populations.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Automated damage detection and characterization of polymer composite images using Tsallis‐particle swarm optimization‐based multilevel threshold and multifractals
Authors: Agastinose Ronickom Jac Fredo , Retnakaran Sobhana Abilash , Robert Femi , Nadaradjane Sri Madhava Raja , Chelliah Suresh Kumar
Published: April 2020

Automatic detection and quantification of damage in the composite structure are a vital requirement in the assessment of the overall structural integrity of modern aerospace systems. In this work, the indentation‐induced damage in the glass fiber‐reinforced polymer composite (GFRP) laminates is investigated using multilevel threshold‐based particle swarm optimization (PSO) and multifractals. Initially, the digital images are acquired after the composite laminates are subjected to 5 mm, 6 mm, and 7 mm indentation displacements. The indentation‐induced damage images are filtered using anisotropic diffusion filter and damage regions are segmented using Tsallis‐PSO method. The magnitude of the damage is analyzed using multifractal spectrum features. Results show that Tsallis‐PSO with the four‐level thresholds is optimal for the segmentation of the damage. Tsallis‐PSO is also able to segment the boundaries of the damage precisely. The damage due to different levels of indentation depth is well differentiated by the multifractal spectrum features. Multifractal spectrum constructed using the scale, ranges from q = −1 to +1, discriminates the damage with a high statistical significance of P < .001. The damage dimension linearly progresses (R = .993) with increasing the level of indentation depth. Even though, the proposed process pipeline is an initial step of investigation of damages in GFRP, this framework can be used in the industries for the quantification of damage in GFRP composite laminates.
Base de Datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria (BIFAP): A data resource for pharmacoepidemiology in Spain
Authors: Maciá‐Martínez Miguel‐Angel , Gil Miguel , Huerta Consuelo , Martín‐Merino Elisa , Álvarez Arturo , Bryant Verónica , Montero Dolores ,   the BIFAP Team
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Base de Datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria (BIFAP) is a population based database administered by the AEMPS (Spanish Agency for Medicines) of longitudinal electronic medical records (EMR) of patients attended in primary care. Its main purpose is to serve as source of information for independent studies on drug safety and support of medicines regulation activities. This article aim is to describe the characteristics of BIFAP, how to access the database and a summary of its potential for research.

Methods

Health problems are registered by primary care physicians as episodes of care and include socio‐demographic data, results of diagnostic procedures, lifestyle data, general data, and interventions. A proportion of data on hospitalizations and specialist care are currently available through linkage with other data sources. EMRs of the Spanish healthcare system are provided by the regional administrations. Specific data extraction and standardization processes are performed.

Results

BIFAP includes data from 12 million patients starting in 2001 and updated annually. Validation of drug and diagnosis definitions has been ascertained. Participation in international collaborative projects and a number of articles in peer reviewed journals reflect its contribution to the knowledge of the risks associated with medicines and drug utilization patterns.

Conclusions

BIFAP is a useful tool for generating scientific evidence on medicines related issues, helping regulatory decision making in Europe. The main strengths of BIFAP are related to large sample size, population‐based, longitudinal nature and annual update of data. BIFAP shares common challenges with similar data sources including accurate and efficient identification of health outcomes and of treatment exposure.
Why is an evidence‐based classification of personality disorder so elusive?
Authors: Livesley W. John
Published: April 2020

Despite recent revisions, the classification of personality disorder remains a matter of dispute, and there is little evidence of consistent progress toward an evidence‐based system. This essay examines four issues impeding taxonomic progress and explores how they might be addressed. First, the phenomenological and aetiological complexity of personality disorder poses a formidable challenge to traditional taxonomic methods. Second, current classifications incorporate assumptions such as a stringent version of medical model and an essentialist philosophy that are inconsistent with empirical evidence. Third, despite the claims of trait psychology, a viable alternative to categorical diagnosis is not available. Contemporary trait models have not gained widespread clinical acceptance and substantial conceptual and methodological limitations compromise their clinical value. Finally, the processes used to revise official classifications are biased toward conservative revisions and difficult to shield from non‐scientific influences. It is suggested that rather making further attempts to develop a general monolithic classification that meets all needs, consideration be given to developing a more flexible and multifaceted framework that combines diagnosis and assessment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lung ultrasound in the neonatal intensive care unit: Review of the literature and future perspectives
Authors: Corsini Iuri , Parri Niccolò , Ficial Benjamim , Dani Carlo
Published: April 2020

Lung ultrasound (LU) has been increasingly used as a point‐of‐care method in recent years. LU has numerous advantages compared to traditional imaging tools such as chest X‐ray (radiography) (CXR): it is faster and portable, does not use ionizing radiation, is performed by the same physician who cares for the patient, and can be repeated to follow the progress of the disease and the response to treatment. There is a large body of evidence that LU has an excellent diagnostic effectiveness compared to CXR, not only in adults and children, but also in neonates. This review article describes how to perform LU, how to interpret findings, and how to use LU to diagnose and differentiate common neonatal pulmonary diseases. Strengths but also limits of the technique are highlighted. Finally, we describe the recent revolutionary role of LU. The development of scoring methods in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome allowed to quantify the severity of the disease and to assist the physician in the clinical management and follow‐up.
Toward a corporeal economy: Evaluating the Cambodian dancer's laboring body as commodity
Authors: Tuchman‐Rosta Celia
Published: April 2020

In developing countries, the arts are one path out of poverty. Cambodia's traditional arts were nearly destroyed during the Khmer Rouge regime, which created extreme economic, cultural, and political instability. In subsequent years, the effort to reconstruct classical dance was seen as a vivid symbol of the country's vitality. Simultaneously, economic needs have increasingly commoditized the practice. This article explores how, in the context of performance, dance practitioners' bodies are transformed into both cultural symbols and commercial products. What are the material consequences that result from this intertwining of labor and product? Expanding on Loïc Wacquant's corporeal economy—the bodily labor that goes into preparation and performance—an analysis of the dancing body provides an opportunity to examine its valuation as it is increasingly commodified. Based on eighteen months of field research and more than 150 interviews, the article explores performer experiences in two settings. The Cambodian Cultural Village (Siem Reap) and the Children of Bassac Dance Troupe (Phnom Penh) offer contrasting cases of bodily economics. These sites demonstrate that a theory of corporeal economics can explain the decisions dance practitioners make regarding their investment of labor. They also reveal the degrees of control that dancers have over their bodily production.
Mechanistic Differences in Cell Death Responses to Metal‐Based Engineered Nanomaterials in Kupffer Cells and Hepatocytes
Authors: Wang Xiang , Chang Chong Hyun , Jiang Jinhong , Liu Xiangsheng , Li Jiulong , Liu Qi , Liao Yu‐Pei , Li Linjiang , Nel André E. , Xia Tian
Published: April 2020

The mononuclear phagocyte system in the liver is a frequent target for nanoparticles (NPs). A toxicological profiling of metal‐based NPs is performed in Kupffer cell (KC) and hepatocyte cell lines. Sixteen NPs are provided by the Nanomaterial Health Implications Research Consortium of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to study the toxicological effects in KUP5 (KC) and Hepa 1–6 cells. Five NPs (Ag, CuO, ZnO, SiO2, and V2O5) exhibit cytotoxicity in both cell types, while SiO2 and V2O5 induce IL‐1β production in KC. Ag, CuO, and ZnO induced caspase 3 generated apoptosis in both cell types is accompanied by ion shedding and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both cell types. However, the cell death response to SiO2 in KC differs by inducing pyroptosis as a result of potassium efflux, caspase 1 activation, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, IL‐1β release, and cleavage of gasdermin‐D. This releases pore‐performing peptide fragments responsible for pyroptotic cell swelling. Interestingly, although V2O5 induces IL‐1β release and delays caspase 1 activation by vanadium ion interference in membrane Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity, the major cell death mechanism in KC (and Hepa 1–6) is caspase 3 mediated apoptosis. These findings improve the understanding of the mechanisms of metal‐based engineered nanomaterial (ENM) toxicity in liver cells toward comprehensive safety evaluation.
Continued Efforts on Nanomaterial‐Environmental Health and Safety Is Critical to Maintain Sustainable Growth of Nanoindustry
Authors: Liu Sijin , Xia Tian
Published: April 2020

Nanotechnology is enjoying an impressive growth and the global nanotechnology industry is expected to exceed US$ 125 billion by 2024. Based on these successes, there are notions that enough is known and efforts on engineered nanomaterial environmental health and safety (nano‐EHS) research should be put on the back burner. However, there are recent events showing that it is not the case. The US Food and Drug Administration found ferumoxytol (carbohydrate‐coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle) for anemia treatment could induce lethal anaphylactic reactions. The European Union will categorize TiO2 as a category 2 carcinogen due to its inhalation hazard and France banned use of TiO2 (E171) in food from January 1, 2020 because of its carcinogenic potential. Although nanoindustry is seemingly in a healthy state, growth could be hindered for the lack of certainty and more nano‐EHS research is needed for the sustainable growth of nanoindustry. Herein, the current knowledge gaps and the way forward are elaborated.