bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação continuada de professores que ensinam matemática: um panorama de ações formativas no Vale do Ipojuca - Agreste Pernambucano
Authors: Silva Lima Iranete Maria da , Melo Sales Sivonaldo de , Noemia de Barros Viviane
Published: November 2020

Este artigo traz uma discussão sobre as ações de formação continuada de professores que ensinam Matemática, com base em duas pesquisas de mestrado realizadas nas redes municipais de educação dos dezesseis municípios que constituem o Vale do Ipojuca no Agreste Pernambucano. A primeira pesquisa considerou as ações formativas para professores dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental no período de 2010 a 2014 e a segunda se interessou pelas ações formativas dos professores que ensinam nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental em escolas do campo. As pesquisas se ancoraram nos estudos sobre a formação continuada de professores, inclusive em um estudo realizado no mesmo campo de investigação. Instrumentos de coleta de dados como questionários, entrevistas e análise documental foram utilizados em função da especificidade de cada pesquisa. Os resultados das duas pesquisas têm aproximação com relação aos tipos de ações desenvolvidas pelas próprias redes municipais de ensino, a exemplo de oficinas, seminários e palestras, e outras que são vinculadas aos projetos e programas governamentais. No entanto, o Ensino de Matemática foi menos contemplado nas formações dos professores dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental, se comparado com os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa que focou, especificamente, a formação dos professores que atuavam nos anos iniciais em escolas do campo.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE BURROWING ACTIVITY OF THE WILD BOAR (SUS SCROFA L.) ON HUMUS SUBSTANCES IN SOILS
Authors: Pilipko E. N. , Pakhomov A. E. , Toropova P. V.
Published: November 2020

The burrowing activity of the wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) as one of the types of the habitat-modifying activity of terrestrial mammals has been considered. The typical species and the area of the burrowing sites in winter and summer, as well as the dynamics of humus substances are given. The literature indicates that loosening and mixing the upper soil layers cause changes in the chemical characteristics of the soil, disturb vegetation, and reduce evaporation from the soil surface, which leads to a change in the hydrothermal regime of edaphotop and an increase in both the soil climate continentality and the active layer of edaphotop. Soils of different granulometric composition were considered for comparative characteristic: loams and loamy sands in different geographical zones – steppe (the Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine) and taiga (wood sorrel spruce forest, Gryazovets district of the Vologda region, Russia). The steppe zone is dominated by blacktop soils, while podzolic soils prevail in the taiga zone. Although the primary characteristics of the soils were different, the tendency of changing the humus substances content in the soils under the wild boars’ burrowing sites had similar qualities. The nature of the humus substances dynamics depends on the decomposition period of organic substances left on the burrowing sites in the form of wild boar’s excreta and plant food residues. Further mineralization of dead plant remains of damaged roots of tree and shrub vegetation resulting from loosening and trophic activity of wild boar occurs on fellings after spruce indigenous forests. Part of the plant remains on the surface of the loosened soil, and the other part in the soil. As a result of the conducted researches the positive functional impact of the wild boar on any types of biogeocenoses due to its burrowing activity was confirmed.
EVOLUTION OF DRUG THERAPY FOR MELANOMA
Authors: Korman David
Published: November 2020

There are considered medications used to treat melanoma starting with dacarbazine and ending with immunotherapeutic drugs accepted for practical applying in recent years. For each medication its effectiveness in different parameters, main targets and mechanisms of action are characterized.
IMPACT OF CHEMOTHERAPY ON THE STANDARD SOLVENTS AND AUTOLOGOUS LIQUID TISSUES ON CYTOKINE STATUS AND NEUTROPHILS OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD OF OVARIAN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Antoneeva Inna , Abakumova Tatyana , Pirmamedova Sabina , Gening Tatyana , Dolgova Dinara , Gening Snezhanna , Shchegoleva V.
Published: November 2020

Chemotherapeutic treatment using standard solvents is stopped in every fourth ovarian cancer patient because of significant side effects. The autohemochemotherapy method alters the pharmacokinetics of the drug, and significantly reduces the frequency and severity of side effects. In order to compare the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy using autologous liquid tissues or standard solvents on cytokine status and neutrophils in the peripheral blood we evaluated the number of neutrophils and their ability to generate reactive oxygen species, and levels of interleukin-1p, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and TNF-a in 244 primary stage III-IV ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy according to the AP scheme (cisplatin 75 mg/m2, doxorubicin 50 mg/m2) with infusion by standard intravenous method or as autohemochemotherapy. We established that the effectiveness of chemotherapy was associated with the redox status of neutrophils and cytokine status of peripheral blood, registered prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. For patients with tumor progression, increased absolute and relative number of neutrophils with reduced ability to produce reactive oxygen species is significant. For patients with a lack of tumor response, significant are the high levels of serum IL-10 and IL-18. For patients with complete or partial tumor response, significant is the decrease of IL-6 level, compared to the norm. No significant differences in neutrophil and cytokine status in both modes of infusion of chemodrugs have been established. Thus, serum IL-10, IL-18 and IL-6 may be used to predict tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the AP scheme.
LYMPHOCYSTS AFTER LAPAROSCOPIC AND OPEN HYSTERECTOMY WITH PELVIC LYMPHADENECTOMY FOR ENDOMETRIAL CANCER
Authors: Rogovskaya Tatyana , Sidoruk Anna , Meshkova Irina , Nekrasova Yekaterina , Ibragimov Zaur , Berlev Igor , Urmancheeva Adiliya
Published: November 2020

Total number of 648 endometrial cancer patients who had undergone hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-ophorectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy with laparoscopic and open access constituted the study group. Ultrasound examination of the pelvis was carried out for all patients after surgery to identify lymphocysts. The overall incidence of lymphocysts was 320/648 (49.4%): 179/320 (55.9%) after open surgery and 141/320 (44.06%) after laparoscopy (р=0,01). The majority of lymphocysts were asymptomatic. Symptomatic lymphocysts occurred in 5.6% of patients. Several risk factors for the development of symptomatic lymphocysts were determined.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CERVICAL CANCER IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN FOR 10 YEARS (2007-2016)
Authors: Kaydarova Dilyara , Kayrbaev M. , Bolatbekova R.
Published: November 2020

Invasive cervical cancer is the most common form of gynecological cancer in Kazakhstan, which occupies the 5th position among all neoplasias and the 10th place in mortality of the general population. The national cervical screening program in the Republic of Kazakhstan uses cytology (Pap test) from 2008, which is free of charge for women aged 30 to 60 years with an interval of 5 years. In the analysis of intensive incidence rates of cervical cancer it is noted an increase in the detection rate of this disease in the period from 2007 to 2016: in 2007 the incidence was 15.3 per 100 000 female population, and in 2016 to 19.1 per 100 000 female population. The analysis of age in incidence rates showed a significant risk of the disease at a young age and a noticeable increase it to 4044 years. In the analysis of cervical cancer in the context of the stages it is marked an increase in the detection rate of the disease in the first stage, for the period from 2007 to 2016.
BREAST CANCER STATISTICS IN THE CRIMEA REPUBLIC
Authors: Oleksenko Viktor , Aliev Kazim , Yefetova Tatyana , Akinshevich I. , Dolgopolova O.
Published: November 2020

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. The epidemiological picture of BC among the population of the Crimea Republic is analyzed with a comparative evaluation with nation-wide rates. According to the presented data the incidence of BC in the Crimea Republic has a clear upward trend. Incidence growth is mainly due to the female population among the «employable» contingent that requires regular clinical examination and screening these patients. In prognostic estimates by 2020 the incidence rates of BC in female population will increase by 10 % compared to 2015. The increase of the prevalence, contingent accumulation index, the proportion of patients experiencing more than 5 years, and reduction in mortality of the observed patient cohort shows better results of BC treatment in the Crimea Republic as compared to the All-Russian data.
CHANGES IN THE NIPPLE-AREOLA COMPLEX IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Zikiryakhodzhaev Aziz , Volchenko Nadezhda , Saribekyan Erik , Rasskazova Yelena
Published: November 2020

The article presents data about the lesion of the nipple-areola complex in breast cancer. In 2015-2016 surgical treatment was performed in 101 breast cancer patients, different in size but with the mandatory removal of the nipple-areola complex. There are analyzed the dependence of the lesion of the nipple-areola complex from histological types of breast cancer, molecular subtypes, multicentricity, the location of tumor in the breast. The most significant criterion was the dependence of the lesion of the nipple-areola complex from the distance between tumor node and the nipple.
DOSE-INTENSIVE NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN COMBINED TREATMENT FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED CERVICAL CANCER: THE EXPERIENCE AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Berlev Igor , Nekrasova Yekaterina , Mkrtchyan Gayk , Bezhanova Yevgeniya , Guseynov Katran , Ulrikh Yelena , Bashlyk Viktoriya , Artemeva Anna , Semiglazova Tatyana , Kondakova Aleksandra , Mishchenko Andrey , Mikaya Nikolay , Urmancheeva Adiliya , Bondarev Nikolay , Smirnova O.
Published: November 2020

In 24 patients (mean age 48 years) with locally advanced cervical cancer there were studied the efficacy and toxicity of 3 cycles of neoadjuvant dose-intensive chemotherapy with cisplatin (75 mg/m2) and doxorubicin (35 mg/m2) administered intravenously on the first day of a two- week cycle with the support of colony-stimulating factors. An important criterion for the inclusion in this study of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (T1b2-2bN0-1M0) was the absence of infiltration of the anterior parameters according to the gynecological examination and MRI studies. An objective response to treatment was registered in 72.7 % of cases. Progression of the disease was not detected in any case. Conducting neoadjuvant drug therapy allowed performing radical surgical intervention in 95.4 % of patients. The pathomorphlogical response of tumor of varying severity was 40.9 %. In 9.1 % complete clinical regression of tumor was confirmed by a complete pathomor-phological response (CR). The dose-intensive regimen of chemotherapy did not lead to a significant increase of complications on the drug and surgical stages. An analysis showed that dose-intensive neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a highly effective method in treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer.
THE ROLE OF BRACHYTHERAPY IN TREATMENT FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Tyuryaeva Yelena
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to various aspects of the use of intraluminal brachytherapy (IB) in treatment for esophageal cancer (EC). A critical review of the use of IB as a component of combined radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy in neoadjuvant treatment regimens, for definitive CRT, as well as in palliative treatment of non-operable tumors of this localization is given. The contradictory data on the effectiveness of brachytherapy with locally distributed, inoperable EC are summarized. A separate section relates to the prospects for incorporating brachytherapy into combined treatment of early esophageal cancer. Carried out analysis testifies to the necessity of standardization of summary and daily doses of irradiation depending on the indications to the IB.
COMPARATIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUDDEN DEATH IN ONCOLOGICAL PATHOLOGY IN MOSCOW AND THE KRASNODAR REGION FOR 2005-2015
Authors: Pigolkin Yuriy , Shilova Marina , Zakharov Svyatoslav , Globa Irina , Boev Ye.
Published: November 2020

This article contains a comparative analysis of epidemiology of sudden death from cancer in Moscow and the Krasnodar Region. There was showed the structure of mortality over 10 years for these regions, causes of death, tumor grades and localization, histological forms, presence of complications, age and sex patterns.
RESULTS OF NIVOLUMAB USE IN PATIENTS WITH NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER IN CLINICAL PRACTICE OF THE N.N. BLOKHIN CANCER RESEARCH CENTER
Authors: Laktionov Konstantin , Sarantseva Kseniya , Breder Valeriy , Reutova Yelena , Yudin Denis , Laktionova Lyudmila
Published: November 2020

The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has altered the landscape of treatment of advanced cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nivolumab is the PD-1 inhibitor approved for the treatment of NSCLC to show a survival benefit in a randomised phase III trials. The experience of physicians in routine clinical practice is often different from those in a controlled clinical trial setting. The purpose of this analysis is to evaluate nivolumab use in real world setting.
COMPARATIVE HORMONE-ASSOCIATED AND CLINICAL-MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BREAST AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES
Authors: Kovalenko Irina , Bershteyn Lev
Published: November 2020

The article presents a comparative analysis of clinical and morphological characteristics of tumor process in patients with breast cancer and endometrial cancer with diabetes mellitus and without it. Previously little-known features of the tumor process in combination with diabetes were revealed. The data obtained indicated that in case of breast cancer the presence of diabetes for a number of signs influenced the course/characteristics of the disease: e.g., the tumor size was significantly greater than in patients without diabetes and highly differentiated Gltumors were less common. In case of endometrial cancer, diabetes (but only in combination with obesity or postmenopausal period) was combined with more favorable characteristics of tumor indicating a diagnosis-specific effect of Type 2 diabetes in regard of the tumor process features. An evaluation of the role of antidiabetic therapy variant discovered that in patients with breast cancer metformin therapy was combined with more frequent detection of highly differentiated, hormone-positive tumors, which was not revealed in patients with endometrial cancer.
BLOOD SUPPLY FEATURES OF SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS OF THE EXTREMITIES
Authors: Khanevich Mikhail , Manikhas Georgiy , Khazov Anton , Kukanov M.
Published: November 2020

Surgical removal of tumor remains the only one radical treatment for patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. However, the parameters of total and disease-free survival after this type of treatment cannot be considered satisfactory. Currently the active search and introduction into clinical practice of additional impact methods that can improve the immediate and long-term results of treatment of such patients is being conducted. In the article there are presented results of the analysis of preoperative angiographic studies of 94 patients with primary and recurrent sarcomas of soft tissues of the extremities. The features of blood supply and internal angioarchitectonics of tumor were revealed depending on the size, histological type and localization. The features of blood supply of tumors in patients with primary and recurrent sarcomas of soft tissues of extremities were described in detail. The results of further surgical treatment of patients included in the study showed that information on the number and size of blood supply sources of the tumor zone, supplemented by selective embolization of vessels, made it possible to select the optimal plan and minimize trauma, reduce intraoperative hemorrhage, and perform organ-preserving and functionally beneficial operations.
MALIGNANT TUMORS ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME: THE EXPRESSION PROFILE OF THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL AND GROWTH FACTORS
Authors: Yunusova Natalya , Kondakova Irina , Afanasev Sergey , Kolomiets Larisa , Chernyshova Alena
Published: November 2020

The study of the pathogenetic features of malignant tumors associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) is relevant because of high incidence of these tumors. Investigations of the mechanisms of involvement of MS in the pathogenesis of cancer reasonably supplemented by the study of transcription and growth factors associated with energy imbalance of the cell and involved in proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell motility and inflammation. More research is needed to identify the most promising molecular targets for therapy of malignant tumors associated with MS with a view to increasing the survival and quality of life of these patients.
MULTIMODALITY TREATMENT OF GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS USING DIFFERENT TEMOZOLOMIDE REGIMENS IN POSTOPERATIVE CHEMORADIOTHERAPY
Authors: Zhavrid Edvard , Demeshko Pavel , Artemova Nataliya , Sinayko V.
Published: November 2020

The outcomes of multimodality treatment of 227 glioblastoma (grade IV) patients were evaluated in relation to the postoperative chemoradiotherapy (ChRT) regimen. No statistically significant differences were found in groups with conventional ChRT (temozolomide 75 mg/m2 per os 1 hour before the radiation treatment during the whole course of radiotherapy, n=111) and modified ChRT (temozolomide 75 mg/m2 per os 5 days a week 1 hour before the radiation treatment in the first and last two weeks of radiotherapy, n=116), the median overall survival being 16 months and 16 months respectively (P=0,889). The Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that the postoperative ChRT regimen was not a prognostic factor affecting patient survival.
FEATURES OF AUTOREGULATION OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Koptev Vladimir , Nimaev Vadim , Gorchakov Vladimir
Published: November 2020

The group of surveyed persons was made by 95 patients with hemoblastoses, of them 40 - with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and 55 - with non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma (NHML) before and after a polychemotherapy at different stages of a disease. We investigated blood velocity with autoregulation assessment in the region of a medial cerebral artery by method of transcranial doppler sonography. In addition we did functional tests with calculation of indexes of reactivity. We established decrease in indicators of reactivity at functional tests that reflects restriction of a functional reserve of brain blood circulation at lymphomas. The range of vessels reaction was progressively narrowed that was confirmed by reduction of an index of vasomotorial reactivity by 34,6% to III-IV stages of a HL and by 47,3% at I-II and 74,6% at III-IV stages of a NHML. Degree of decrease in reactivity and violation of autoregulation of brain blood circulation progressed in process of transition of a disease to heavier stage against the happening remodeling of vascular wall. The degree of a reactivity decrease was higher at a NHML than at HL. There was an expansion of homeostatic range of reactions against the background of rising of compensatory opportunities of vessels because of decrease of cellular infiltration after a combined chemotherapy. Indexes of a cerebrovascular reactivity after the combined chemotherapy had higher sizes in comparison with similar indicators before treatment but they did not reach control. The difference between sizes of an index of a vaso-motorial reactivity arising before and after a polychemotherapy was most indicative. It was 7%-18,1% in HL and 17%-56,2% in NHML depending on disease duration. Full normalization of an autoregulation of a cerebral circulation did not happen after treatment that assumed a need of additional measures of the rehabilitation referred on decrease of toxicity of drugs and endogenic intoxication at lymphoproliferation diseases.
EFFECT OF ε-AMINOCAPROIC ACID ON THE GROWTH OF AN INOCULATED ASCITIC AND SOLID EHRLICH TUMOR OF MICE
Authors: Anikin Ivan , Gubareva Yekaterina , Maydin Mikhail , Tyndyk Margarita
Published: November 2020

The antitumor activity of the antifibrinolytic drug ε-aminocaproic acid (ACC) in the therapeutic form (5% ACC solution in physiological solution instead of drinking water) was studied in the ascitic and solid Ehrlich tumor. ACC did not affect the growth of ascitic, as well as a solid Ehrlich tumor, when the drug was administered 72 hours after the tumor inoculation. At the same time, when it was administered 7 days after tumor inoculation, the drug had a statistically significant antitumor effect on the tumor nodes formed (8-10 mm in diameter). ACC antitumor effect allows to assume that it influences tumor stroma rather than the parenchyma. This effect is not fully understood and needs further study.
REMODELING OF THE VIEWS ON ENDOMENTRIAL CANCER: SIGNS AND REALITY
Authors: Bershteyn Lev , Berlev Igor , Ievleva Aglaya , Ivantsov Aleksandr , Baltrukova A.
Published: November 2020

Aim: Evaluation of changes that have occurred in the ideas in endometrial cancer over the past 10-20 years and their potential applications.
Materials and methods: Analysis of modern publications including databases of PubMed and Russian scientific electronic library (http://elibrary.ru) with the use of the information received as a result of own studies.
Conclusions: A shifts in the incidence of endometrial cancer, a reform of the views on molecular-biological typing of this tumor, changes in the ratio of its morphological variants as well as in the risk and anti-risk factors were discussed. According to our own data in a group of 144 endometrial carcinomas (endometrioid and non-endometrioid) the frequency of POLEe mutations was equal to 2.8% that might change after increasing of the number of patients. Rapidly accumulating information in this field can be useful for improving approaches to preventing and treatment of endometrial carcinoma.
OVARIAN CYSTS AND HYPERESTROGENIA AS A SIDE EFFECT OF TAMOXIFEN THERAPY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE AND POSTMENOPAUSAL AGE
Authors: Tsyrlina Yevgeniya , Zhiltsova Yelena , Poroshina Tatyana , Meshkova Irina , Bershteyn Lev , Semiglazov Vladimir , Barash N.
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of a survey of 254 patients of reproductive and menopausal age who after the completion of the surgical, in some patients also chemo-radiotherapY., received tamoxifen for breast cancer for different lengths of time. All patients underwent ultrasound examination of pelvic organs and determination of the content of estradiol, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones in the serum. It was showed that with tamoxifen therapy ovarian cysts were diagnosed in 50 women with preserved menstrual cycle (73.5%) and 31 - in menopause (16.6%). Detection of cysts in 72% of patients of reproductive age and 19.3% of menopausal age was accompanied by increased production of estradiol. Cyst formation and hyperproduction of estradiol appeared mainly during the first year of tamoxifen; in the future they could disappear, which made it possible to observe such patients and not immediately made a decision about the need for pharmacological or surgical suppression of ovarian function.
CLINICAL FEATURES AND EFFICACY OF RADIOTHERAPY FOR BONE METASTASES OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN
Authors: Khmelevskiy Yevgeniy , Bychkova Natalya
Published: November 2020

Purpose: to study the efficiency of radiotherapy for bone metastases of unknown origin. Material and methods: Of 686 cases of bone metastases included in the long-term randomized trial in 16 (2,4%) it was impossible to identify the primary tumor site. The most frequent primary site was breast - 62,1%, prostate and lung cancer were diagnosed in 8,3%, renal cancer in 6,9%, colon cancer in 2,6%. Separately we analyzed the mixed group of 19 patients represented by rare cases of bone metastases of stomach and liver cancer, head and neck tumors, gynecological tumors («Others»). Patient selection criteria for radiotherapy were pain, risk of pathological fracture/malignant spinal cord compression, increasing neurologic dysfunction. Irradiation volume included one anatomical area of the skeleton. Total dose was 13-26Gy in 2-4 fractions of 6,5 Gy. Results: The average follow-up period was 70 months. The main characteristics of bone metastases of unknown origin such as gender, age, lesion length, risk of pathological fracture, pain intensity before treatment and effectiveness of EBRT were similar to the bone metastases of colon cancer and to the group «Others»...
LAPAROSCOPIC HEMINEPHRECTOMY OF A HORSESHOE KIDNEY WITH ADVANCED RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA. DESCRIPTION OF A SINGLE CASE
Authors: Prokhorov Denis , Bogomolov Oleg , Shkolnik Mikhail , Aksenov S. , Dolbov A.
Published: November 2020

A 64-year-old woman with a 9-cm advanced tumor in the left moiety of a horseshoe kidney was treated through a laparoscopic approach. The left part of kidney had 3 arteries (2 from aorta, 1 from left common iliac artery) and 5 veins. A pre-operative kidney computed tomography angiography revealed the invasion in lumbar and iliac muscles. Clamping of blood vessels was performed and isthmus was dissected with bipolar hook and Simon Renal Pole Clamp®. Renal parenchyma sutured with Vicryl 2-0 filament. Removal of locally advanced tumor was performed with 10-mm Ligasure®. Laparoscopic heminephrectomy are safe and efficient treatment method of horseshoe kidney tumors in case of proper approach according to the location of the lesion and the surgeon>s experience.
INFLAMMATORY FIBROID POLYPS: CLINICAL-MORPHOLOGICAL REVIEW OF RARE NOSOLOGY
Authors: Shelekhova Kseniya , Konstantinov A.
Published: November 2020

Inflammatory fibroid polyp (Vanëk's tumor) is a very rare neoplasm remaining diagnostically challenging for clinicians and pathologists. Here we discuss clinical and morphological aspects of this process at gastrointestinal tract, based on own observations and in comparison with literature. Touch on a topic of molecular pathogenesis and evolution of views on taxonomy of these lesions. Particular part spared on differential diagnosis with clinically-morphologically mimicking entities arising throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
SEARCHING FOR MISSING HERITABILITY FOR BREAST CANCER BY WHOLE EXOME SEQUENCING: EVALUATION OF VARIANT PATHOGENICITY AND SELECTION OF CANDIDATE MUTATIONS
Authors: Kuligina Yekaterina , Sokolenko Anna , Bizin Ilya , Ivantsov Aleksandr , Imyanitov Yevgeniy , Romanko A. , Anisimova M.
Published: November 2020

Approximately 10 % of breast cancer (BC) incidence is attributed to inherited germ-line mutations in tumor suppressor genes, and about a half of all hereditary BC cases remain unexplained by known genetic determinants. Whole exome sequencing (WES) offers great promise for the identification of novel hereditary cancer genes, however the interpretation of disease-causing significance for newly identified variants presents a challenge. Here we present the results of WES analysis of 32 hereditary BC patients with unknown causative mutations. In total, 52070 germ-line genetic variants were identified. We designed a special selection algorithm, which uses a sequence of filtering steps for highlighting probably pathogenic mutations. The pipeline is capable to compute minor allele frequencies (MAF) based on public databases; to estimate the potential pathogenicity of mutation according to CADD-database; to summarize the data regarding the gene functions, its pattern of expression and protein interactions networks. As a result we assembled the list of 245 potentially deleterious germ-line mutations probably associated with increased risk of BC. Some of these variants were validated in a case-control study. For example, homozygous missense substitution BRCA1 p.Gln356Arg was detected in 0.9 % of consecutive BC cases; it was associated with 7-fold increased BC risk (95 % CI: 0.83 - 54.83). This finding supports the existence of recessive inheritance of breast cancer predisposition.
SUBSTANTIATION OF THE MODEL FOR CALCULATING THE INDIVIDUAL DOSE OF CYTOSTATICS USING CT VOLUMETRY FOR ISOLATED LUNG CHEMIOPERFUSION WITH METASTASECTOMY
Authors: Levchenko Yevgeniy , TIN VAN , VEN ChZhAN , Kalinin P. , Dubinina Tatyana , Gumbatova Elvira , Levchenko Nikita , Shevkunov Lev , Mishchenko Andrey , Mamontov Oleg , Senchik Konstantin , Ulyanchenko Ya.
Published: November 2020

In order to create conditions for increasing the effectiveness of treatment of patients with metastatic lung disease a new method for calculating the dose of antitumor drug for performing isolated chemo-perfusion of the lung with metasta-sectomy taking into account the anatomical features of patients and previous operations on the lung was developed. The study consisted of three stages. As a result of the first stage of the study the effectiveness of the software package was measured in the volume of lung patients based on the presence of a strong positive correlation between the volumes of left lungs (Rs = 0.91, p
CYTOREDUCTIVE SURGERY WITH PERITONECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN CANCER: TECHNICAL ASPECTS AND IMMEDIATE RESULTS
Authors: Berlev Igor , Sidoruk Anna , Smirnova Olga , Bondarev Nikolay , Lavrinovich Olga , Mikaya Nikolay , Ulrikh Yelena , Urmancheeva Adiliya , Yakoveva M. , Nekrasova Yekaterina , Meshkova Irina , Ivantsov Aleksandr , Belyaev Aleksey , Karachun Aleksey , Gorodnova Tatyana , Domanskiy Andrey , Pelipas Yuriy , Guseynov Katran , Ibragimov Zaur , Sokolenko Anna , Matveeva N.
Published: November 2020

Results of numerous retrospective studies have confirmed that the degree of cytoreduction and the size of the residual tumor after the primary surgery are the most important factors affecting overall life expectancy as well as the time to progression in patients with ovarian cancer (OC). The article presents the immediate results of the first 16 extensive cytoreductive surgeries in advanced OC performed at the Oncogynecology Department of the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SLOWING DOWN OF THE RATE OF DECREASE OF TUMOR MARKERS IN CHILDREN WITH GERMINOGENIC TUMORS
Authors: Kuleva Svetlana , Faseeva N.
Published: November 2020

The main tumor markers of germogenic tumors are alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and ß-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. The speed of normalization of tumor markers in each patient is different and its slowing is often prognostically unfavorable factor for the outcome of the disease. Determination of the dynamics of the rate of decrease of AFP is the most important prognostic criterion for patients with secreting germicogenic tumors. The delayed elimination of AFP after the first weeks of polychemotherapy could be the basis for a transition to a more intensive curative program.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE POTENTIAL OF PERIPHERAL REGULATORY T-LYMPHOCYTES IN THE PROCESS OF TUMOR PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC SOFT TISSUE SARCOMAS
Authors: Pipia Nino , Baldueva Irina , Danilova Anna , Avdonkina Natalya , Novik Aleksey , Nekhaeva Tatyana , Gafton Georgiy , Yemelyanova Natalya
Published: November 2020

In tumor microenvironment the self-maintenance condition of T-regulatory lymphocytes (Treg) are created by tumor cells due to the production of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF and chemokine CCL2. In the present work there was evaluated the quantitative content of these proteins in cultured cell supernatants of metastatic soft tissue sarcomas (STS) as well as characterized the immunophenotype of peripheral blood Treg by flow cytometry. The study included 35 patients who received treatment at the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology. For the study- samples of metastatic tumor were taken to obtain sarcoma cell culture and samples of peripheral blood of patients in the absence of tumor growth (stable disease-SD) or disease progression (PD). The statistically significant differences were found in the quantitative content of CCR10+Treg (9.1 % and 4.5 %, respectively, p=0.001), CCR4+Treg (10 % and 3.3 %, respectively, p=0.001), neuropilin-1 (Nrp1+) Treg (6 % and 4.5 %, respectively, p=0.021) in patients with PD and SD. A direct correlation of high strength was found between production of VEGF, CCL2 by metastatic STS cells and expression of Nrp1 (r=0.93, p=0.001), VEGFR-2(r=0.88, p=0.007), CCR4(r=0.81, p=0.024) by Treg cells. Statistically significant differences in the CCR10+Treg (9.5 % and 2.93 %, respectively, p=0.012) and CCR4+Treg (68, 3 % and 3.95 %, respectively, p=0.007) were detected in the group of patients with liposarcoma and synovial sarcoma. Thus in patients with metastatic STS - there was directional chemotaxis of Treg into tumor microenvironment providing the creation of tumor-induced tolerance, which could be associated with DP. The revealed regularities could be used to plan adjuvant and palliative treatment of STS patients.
ATTITUDE OF CANCER PATIENTS TO TREATMENT AT SYSTEMIC THERAPY METHODS
Authors: Chulkova Valentina , Pestereva Yelena , Popov Taras , Yalov Anatoliy , Semiglazova Tatyana , Rysenkova D.
Published: November 2020

The attitude of cancer patients to treatment is a special kind of activity for overcoming the disease and its consequences. The characteristics of the attitude of cancer patients to treatment are considered: the patient’s awareness and need for information about the disease and treatment, relations with a physician in the course of treatment, emotional reactions to the disease and the need for treatment. Groups of patients with melanoma, soft tissue sarcoma and breast cancer patients with different severity of attitude to treatment were singled out. The connection between the significance of the relationship to treatment in these groups of patients with the types of attitude towards the disease and indices of viability is showed.
PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL STUDY OF EXTRACELLULAR DNA IN CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH APOPTOSIS DISORDER
Authors: Vasileva Irina , Bespalov Viktor
Published: November 2020

Oncological diseases at all stages of carcinogenesis are accompanied by violation of apoptosis processes. Drug and radiotherapy activates the apoptosis of tumor cells. This study presents the results of extracellular DNA changes after exposure to ionizing radiation and low-frequency noise are presented, administration of vitamins; in animals with benign prostatic hyperplasia, with ovarian cancer; in clinical studies in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in acute disorders of cerebral circulation. The possibilities of determination of extracellular DNA for the evaluation of the action of carcinogens, the complex diagnosis of precancerous diseases, the progression of precancerous diseases and malignant tumors are considered.
Synthesis and physicochemical evaluation of fluorinated lipopeptide precursors of ligands for microbubble targeting
Authors: HAGIMORI Masayori , MENDOZA-ORTEGA Estefania E , KRAFFT Marie Pierre
Published: November 2020

Ligand-targeted microbubbles are focusing interest for molecular imaging and delivery of chemotherapeutics. Novel lipid-peptide conjugates (lipopeptides) that feature alternating serine-glycine (SG)
n
segments rather than the classical poly(oxyethylene) chains as linkers between the polar head of the lipid and a targeting ligand were recently proposed for liposome-mediated, selective delivery of anti-cancer drugs. Here, we report the synthesis of perfluoroalkylated lipopeptides (F-lipopeptides) bearing two hydrophobic chains (C
n
F2

n

+1, n = 6, 7, 8, 1-3) grafted through a lysine moiety on a hydrophilic chain composed of a lysine-serine-serine (KSS) sequence followed by 5 SG sequences. These F-lipopeptides are precursors of targeting lipopeptide conjugates. A hydrocarbon counterpart with a C10H21 chain (4) was synthesized for comparison. The capacity for the F-lipopeptides to spontaneously adsorb at the air/water interface and to form monolayers in combination with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was investigated. The F-lipopeptides 1-3demonstrated a markedly enhanced tendency to form monolayers at the air/water interface, with equilibrium surface pressures reaching ~7-10 mN m-1 as compared to less than 1 mN m-1 only for their hydrocarbon analog 4. The F-lipopeptides penetrate in the DPPC monolayers in both liquid expanded (LE) and liquid condensed (LC) phases without interfacial film destabilization. By contrast, the hydrocarbon analog provokes delipidation of the interfacial film. The commercial microbubble-based products used for contrast ultrasound imaging are all stabilized by a fluorocarbon gas. The ability of the F-lipopeptides to integrate fluorocarbon-stabilized phospholipid-shelled microbubbles was studied. Incorporation of F-lipopeptides 1-3 in microbubbles with a shell of DPPC and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine-PEG2000 decreased their mean diameter and increased their stability, the best results being obtained for the C8F17-bearing lipopeptide 3. By contrast, incorporation of the hydrocarbon lipopeptide led to microbubbles with a larger mean diameter, and significantly lower stability
Toward a rigorous teaching of calculus in France in secondary education (1885-1904)
Authors: Renaud Hervé
Published: November 2020

In France, the period from 1887 to 1904 was decisive for the teaching of calculus in secondary education. Carefully introduced in 1851 into the curriculum of the school grades called classe de mathématiques spéciales which prepared for the entrance examination to the École polytechnique, the principles of calculus were still taught, in 1885, in an essentially intuitive way. The arithmetical foundations of calculus, mainly issued from the German School during the 1870s, were neither taught in secondary education nor in higher education, except at the École normale supérieure which trained teachers for secondary education. This article shows how teachers mainly graduated from this school introduced the teaching of these principles into the classe de mathématiques spéciales as well as into the lower levels of French secondary education outside the official curricula. Indeed, during that period, the first teaching of calculus was introduced into the curriculum of the baccalauréat, the final examination of French secondary education. Despite its rejection by the boards in charge of the curricula at the École polytechnique, a more rigorous teaching of calculus eventually ended up prevailing in the classe de mathématiques spéciales. The interactions between these school grades specific of the French secondary educational system and the lower levels contributed to the acceptance of this teaching.
Logarithms through their history in mathematics education
Authors: Riley Sam
Published: November 2020

Over the first century and a half of their discovery, logarithms were seen and understood in a variety of ways. Depending on the mathematical beliefs of an author, they could choose to introduce logarithms as a geometric-mechanical object, or as an index of a geometric progression, or through an exponential equation. The choice of introduction then influenced how their reader viewed and used logarithms, and has implications for teachers today as they attempt to explain this topic. In looking over the works of three authors, Colin MacLaurin, William Frend, and George Peacock, we can see logarithms displayed in three different ways. In combining these presentations with our modern understanding of logarithms as a number, an operation, and a function, we can choose parts of the text that could help current students make sense of a difficult concept. Keywords: history, mathematicians, Cambridge, logarithms, textbook analysis
Presentation of the first probability textbook in the newly established Greek State
Authors: Toura Varvara , Nikolantonakis Konstantinos
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this paper is to present, describe and analyse the first book on probabilities in Greece, Elements of Probability Calculus and Theory of Errors, written by Periclis Rediadis as a process of dissemination of mathematical ideas from the “centre” (Europe) to the “periphery” (Greece). This article discusses the evolution of Probabilities in Modern Greek Education and investigates the author’s influences from probability books originating in France, Belgium and Germany. The first Greek textbooks mentioning Probability Theory are briefly presented (we focus mainly on the first three references to Probability, which were found in textbooks edited in 1888, 1893/1901 and 1908), and these findings are linked to external influences and internal peculiarities of the newly formed country. The article concludes with a general description of the oldest probability textbook published in the modern Greek state (1911) and it analyses of some indicative points in the last two chapters of the book, linking of each chapter’s content to previous manuals, Greek or foreign ones. The paper reflects the fact that the Calculus of Probabilities in Modern Greek Education arises not from pure mathematics but from teaching initiatives of technical education: Artillery, Topography and Experimental Physics compose the initial recruitment of the Probabilities at the turn of the 19th century. Furthermore, the first book was addressed to “the applied mathematical practitioners, officers, engineers, physicists, mathematicians, bankers, etc” as mentioned by the author on the cover page. Keywords: history, education, modern Greek state, probability textbook
Mathematics in the Bulletins de l’enseignement de l’AOF (French West Africa Education Bulletins) (1913-1958)
Authors: Guillet Carène
Published: November 2020

The journal Bulletin de l'enseignement de l’Afrique occidentale française was created in 1913 by Georges Hardy, then director of colonial school for a year, to promote the cohesion of the teaching staff through a system of collaboration. The aim of this paper is to study mathematics teaching in the French West African school system between 1913 and 1958, as seen through this journal. First, this paper will examine the place of mathematics in the African school system, both in importance and level, to compare it with the one of Metropolitan France. In particular, the examination test statements will be studied, and their level will be compared to the Metropolitan French ones. More qualitatively, we will look at impressions expressed by some authors on the level of students and teachers in West Africa. Then, we will focus on the official recommendations of the institutions concerning the content taught, the pedagogical methods and the resources. Among that, it is necessary to analyse the role of the European educational trends of the time (method of “the centers of interest”, Freinet or Montessori’s methods and “active pedagogy”) in the colonies. Finally, practices on the ground will be watched: the observation of the environment and the local population, the possible adaptation of teaching to the specificity of the territory and its inhabitants, and the various experimentations reported in the periodical. We will be careful to Hardy's ambition to see the birth of an “indigenous pedagogy”. This study is a way for us to travel through periods, personalities, and texts, just through reading magazines and staying on French soil. It is also an opportunity to see an example of how mathematics education has been impacted by a very particular historical and sociological context. Keywords: mathematics education, French West Africa, indigenous pedagogy, official instructions, curricula, classroom experiences, level
Textbooks using mathematics in the margins of current mathematics: manuals for teaching inheritance in Morocco
Authors: Laabid Ezzaim
Published: November 2020

Nowadays in Morocco, the distribution of inheritance is part of the basic juridical-religious curriculum taught in high school and in some branches of humanities and social sciences in higher education. This question of inheritance is, in fact, a taught discipline - called cilm al-farā'iḍ (lit. science of prescriptions) - with its own textbooks and its own teachers. In their presentation of the mathematical aspect related to this question of inheritance, these textbooks implement mathematics which uses a language and a vocabulary specific and different from those conveyed in modern mathematical teaching. In this paper we try to shed some light on this mathematical practice and highlight some of its peculiarities. For this, we present some textbooks for the teaching of this discipline by focusing on their mathematical content. We will also highlight the basic features of mathematics conveyed by these textbooks and their differences with current mathematics. Keywords: Inheritance problems, vocabulary, fraction, resolution process, manuals.
Edgar J. Edmunds (1851-1887): A crosscultural case study of an African American mathematics teacher who studied at the École polytechnique
Authors: Zelbo Sian
Published: November 2020

The late 19th century was a period of significant change in American mathematics education as the country started to open up to the advancements of continental Europe. At this time, mathematics departments at American universities began to look to European universities for inspiration, and American textbook authors began to incorporate European advances in mathematical content and pedagogy. Edgar Joseph Edmunds was a mathematics teacher who studied in France and taught in America at the dawn of this period of awakening and cultural exchange, and a study of his life and career gives new insight into this important period.
Intuitive and experimental geometry: circulation of international proposals
Authors: da Silva Circe Mary Silva , da Silva Maria Célia Leme
Published: November 2020

The late 19th and early 20th centuries are marked by the international circulation of new methodologies for the teaching of geometry. The aim of the present study is to analyze geometry and pedagogy textbooks for elementary education which circulated in countries such as France, Germany, the United States and Brazil. The paper seeks to answer the question: what are the supporting pillars for the formulation of an intuitive and experimental geometry read in the different textbooks? The circulation and appropriations of various protagonists are identified in search of the production of an intuitive and modernizing geometry, in contrast to the abstract, deductive and logical character of Euclidean geometry.
The development of forms for studying Mathematics
Authors: Schubring Gert
Published: November 2020

There is a widespread conviction that institutionalised forms for studying mathematics, such that persons studying mathematics would obtain a degree and have access to a professional career, have always existed. A closer look reveals, however, that for Antiquity and for the Middle Ages, studying mathematics was essentially a solitary undertaking by a few individuals dispersed in space and time; and none of them was able to dedicate himself entirely to mathematics – typically, these few scientists were polymaths. Investigating the issue has thus been focussed on Modern Times, and then for a long time on Western Europe. Yet, it was only with the establishment of systems of public education in the wake of the French Revolution that study courses leading to degrees emerged - the long process of their development with its many facets and differences in different cultures and states has not yet been studied comprehensively. There are a number of studies on some aspects of these processes, but these do not relate them to a general analysis. This paper aims at elaborating such a general analysis.