bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de celosias armazenadas por diferentes períodos
Authors: Menegaes Janine Farias , Barbieri Geovana Facco , Bellé Rogério Antônio , Nunes Ubirajara Russi
Published: January 2019

The objective was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of cockscomb seeds stored for different periods. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with a 2x5 factorial scheme (two species of cockscomb: Celosia argentea L. and Celosia cristata L., and five seed lots with different storage periods: 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 years, from the date of harvest) with four replicates. After harvesting each batch of seeds, in their respective years, they were stored with an average moisture content of 11% and average germination of 98% in cold chamber in packages of Kraft paper (15 ºC and 40% RH). It was observed that the average vigor (first count of germination) of the seeds of the two species of cockscomb was 88%, and the average germination of normal seedlings was 89 and 96% for the C. argentea and C. cristata species, respectively, with mean germination of 2.9 days for all storage periods. The relative frequency demonstrated homogeneity in the germination of the two species of cockscomb maintaining germinative viability in all periods of storage. It is concluded that the physiological potential and sanitary quality of the seeds of the C. argentea and C. cristata were preserved for periods ranging from zero to sixteen years of storage.
La segregación por nivel socioeconómico como dimensión de la exclusión educativa: 15 años de evolución en América Latina
Authors: Krüger Natalia
Published: January 2019

La masificación de los sistemas educativos latinoamericanos lleva a reconsiderar el concepto de inclusión/exclusión educativa ya que, en parte, las desventajas sociales se han trasladado al interior de la escuela, configurando situaciones de inclusión desigual. Considerando tres dimensiones principales de la inclusión educativa – acceso, aprendizajes e integración/segregación – este trabajo se centra en la última, por ser la menos estudiada en la región. El objetivo es analizar empíricamente la situación actual, la dinámica y la evolución de la segregación por nivel socioeconómico durante las últimas décadas para el nivel secundario. Se emplean para ello datos de las rondas 2000-2015 del Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de Alumnos(PISA) correspondientes a nueve países de América Latina. Se estiman diversos índices sintéticos para cuantificar y caracterizar el problema, comparando a la región con otras, así como a los países latinoamericanos entre sí. Los resultados posicionan a la región como la de menor integración social escolar, pese a cierta reducción de la segregación en algunos países durante los últimos años. Dada la intensidad del problema y su potencial impacto en la desigualdad de oportunidades, la meta ulterior del trabajo es contribuir a visibilizar el tema y aportar información para el diseño de políticas.
Complexity and scale in teaching effectiveness research: Reflections from the MET Study
Authors: Jensen Bryant , LeBaron Wallace Tanner , Steinberg Matthew P. , Gabriel Rachael E. , Dietiker Leslie , Davis Dennis S. , Kelcey Benjamin , Covay Minor Elizabeth , Halpin Peter , Rui Ning
Published: January 2019

Researchers and policymakers in the US and beyond increasingly seek to identify teaching qualities that are associated with academic achievement gains for K-12 students through effectiveness studies. Yet teaching quality varies with academic content and social contexts, involves multiple participants, and requires a range of skills, knowledge, and dispositions. In this essay, we address the inescapable tension between complexity and scale in research on teaching effectiveness. We provide five recommendations to study designers and analysts to manage this tension to enhance effectiveness research, drawing on our recent experiences as the first external analysts of the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) study. Our recommendations address conceptual framing, the measurement of teaching (e.g., observation protocols, student surveys), sampling, classroom videoing, and the use and interpretation of value-added models.
The Situation of Middle School Students about Probability: A Concept Map Study
Authors: YETİM Sebahat
Published: January 2019

This research was
conducted to reveal learner mistakes and misconceptions of secondary school 8th
grade students regarding the subject of probability. Sample of the study
consists of 22 students studying at secondary school 8th grade. Initially
two concept maps were prepared in relation to probability subject as data
collection tool. First concept map covers the curriculum of 6th, 7th
and 8th grades while the latter covers only 8th grade
curriculum. The concept maps were revised in accordance with expert views. The
students were informed about concept maps and the probability subject was
summarized in two courses with the first concept map. Then, the second concept
map was implemented on a class of 22 students under the guidance of teachers
and researcher. As a result of evaluations, five students with mistakes and
misconceptions were interviewed to detect the mistakes and misconceptions
regarding the probability subject. As far as the data concerned, it was seen
that most of the students have mistaken and misconceptions regarding
probability types. It was observed that particularly theoretical probability
and experimental probability are confused. In our education system, with spiral
structure, presenting previous learnings as a whole to learners in the form of
concept map may be an important step for permanent and meaningful learning.
An Examination of Pre-Service Teachers’ Metaphorical Perceptions Concerning Physics Lab Applications
Authors: AYKUTLU İşıl , BEZEN Sevim , BAYRAK Celal
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to determine pre-service physics teachers’ perceptions concerning “Physics lab application.” Realized by employing phenomenology pattern, which is one of the qualitative research methods, this study aimed to reach into the life, thoughts, and perceptions of each individual which they have created through their own experience. Study group consists of 46 pre-service teachers enrolled at the department of physics education at the Faculty of Education of a state university in Ankara during the 2015-2016 academic year; and these pre-service teachers have successfully completed at least two lab classes. Data of the study were gathered via the “Physics Lab Application Metaphors Form,” which is designed by the researchers, and interviews were held with pre-service teachers on the metaphors obtained through this form. Data analysis and evaluation were realized by content analysis. At the end of the study, it was determined that metaphors expressed by pre-service teachers fall mostly under the conceptual category of learning through visual impact. At the same time, these pre-service teachers indicated that they had a good time during lab applications, they learn by doing/experiencing, and that they could concretize abstract concepts with the help of visuals.
Kapasitas Penyerapan dan Penyimpanan Air pada Berbagai Ukuran Potongan Rumput Laut Gracilaria verrucosa sebagai Bahan Dasar Pupuk Organik
Authors: Haryanti Anik Muji , Darmanti Sri - , Izzati Munifatul -
Published: January 2019

Gracilaria verrucosa merupakan salah satu dari 555 jenis rumput laut yang ditemukan di perairanIndonesia. Merupakan alga merah yang thalusnya mengandung gel sehingga mempunyai kemampuan mengikat airyang cukup tinggi. Besarnya air yang dapat diserap dan disimpan tergantung dari luas bidang penyerapan. Selain haltersebut, Gracilaria verrucosa seperti rumput laut umumnya mengandung makro mineral, mikro mineral, protein,karbohidrat dan vitamin A dan C. Karena hal tersebut, maka Gracilaria verrucosa mempunyai potensi yang tinggiuntuk diamanfaatkan dalam bidang pertanian khususnya pada lahan dengan partikel tanah yang besar seperti lahanpasir yaitu sebagai bahan penyerap dan penyimpan air sekaligus sebagai sumbur pupuk organik. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui kapasitas penyerapan dan penyimpanan air oleh Gracilaria verrucosa pada berbagaiukuran potongan. Penelitian menggunakan RAL, dengan perlakuan tunggal, terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan ukuranpotongan yaitu 0,25 cm, 0,5 cm dan 1 cm. masing-masing perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Kesimpulannya adalahbahwa ukuran potongan berpengaruh terhadap kapasitas penyerapan dan penyimpanan air, kapasitas penyerapantertinggi pada potongan 0,25 x 0,25 cm dan kapasitas penyimpanan tertinggi pada potongan 1x1 cm.
Pembuatan Kertas Anti Rayap Ramah Lingkungan dengan Memanfaatkan Ekstrak Daun Kirinyuh (Eupatorium odoratum)
Authors: Hadi Mochamad -
Published: January 2019

Jumlah kertas yang dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat dunia, memacu industri kertas untuk meningkatkanproduksinya. Hal ini mengakibatkan timbulnya masalah berupa penebangan pohon untuk pembuatan kertas, dimanadalam industri kertas selalu melakukan proses bleaching (penggunaan bahan pemutih) serta penggunaan timbaldalam pembuatan kertas yang tahan terhadap serangga (rayap), tetapi kertas yang mengandung timbal mempunyaitoksisitas tinggi sehingga tidak baik untuk kesehatan tubuh manusia. Cara yang paling efektif adalah melakukanproses daur ulang kertas anti rayap dengan menggunakan pestisida botani. Tumbuhan tersebut adalah tumbuhankirinyuh (Eupatorium odoratum) yang memiliki kandungan sesquiterpen mampu mengendalikan tingkat mortalitaspada rayap. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui, mengkaji toksisitas dan sifat antimakan ekstrak daunkirinyuh sebagai bahan pengendali rayap pemakan kertas, serta mengetahui tingkat konsentrasi ekstrak daunkirinyuh yang efektif sebagai bahan pengendali rayap. Cara kerja yang dilakukan adalah dengan Pembuatan ekstrakdaun Kiriyu (Eupatorium odoratum), yang di masukan pada saat pembuatan kertas. Pada uji toksisitas, ujipendahuluan untuk menentukan LC5 dan LC90 konsentrasi yang digunakan yaitu 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 dan 8 persen (b/v).Hewan uji yang digunakan pada uji pendahuluan sebanyak 20 ekor dengan satu kali ulangan. Uji pendahuluandigunakan sebagai acuan untuk uji sesungguhnya. Uji sesungguhnya yaitu uji untuk menentukan konsentrasi yangefektif (LC50), konsentrasi yang digunakan yaitu 0, 0.76, 1.15, 1.74, 2.63, 3.95 persen (b/v). Hewan uji yangdigunakan pada uji sesungguhnya sebanyak 15 ekor dengan 3 kali ulangan. Nilai mortalitas rayap dianalisis denganmenggunakan analisis probit. Hasil penelitian konsentrasi ekstrak daun kiriyuh yang efektif untuk mengendalikanrayap yang membunuh 50 % hewan uji (LC-50) yaitu pada konsentrasi 2.50 persen. Pada LC-50 menunjukan bahwaekstrak daun kiriyuh bersifat toksik dan pada konsentrasi 2.50% efektif memberikan pengaruh mortalitas terhadaprayap Coptotermes
Pola Aktivitas HarianPasangan Burung Serak Jawa (Tyto alba) di Sarang Kampus Psikologi Universitas Diponegoro Tembalang Semarang
Authors: Hadi Mochamad -
Published: January 2019

Burung serak jawa (Tyto alba) merupakan hewan nocturnal. Burung T. alba biasanya bersarang padabangunan tua dan gedung yang tinggi dengan menempati sarang yang sudah ada atau mengambil alih sarang yangditinggalkan burung lain. Kemampuan bersarang pada gedung dan bangunan ini menyebabkan T. alba mampumenempati gedung di kampus Psikologi Universitas Diponegoro Tembalang Semarang. Sifat T. alba untukmenempati gedung kampus Psikologi Universitas Diponegoro dapat mempermudah perkembengbiakan, namunpotensi untuk perjumpaan dengan manusia juga sangat besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui poladistribusi waktu yang digunakan oleh Tyto alba untuk aktivitas hariannya. Teknik pengamatan scaning samplingdigunakan sebagai dasar penentuan alokasi waktu untuk aktivitas burung hantu T. alba seperti, terbang, bertengger,berburu, istirahat, bercumbu dan bertarung. Pengamatan dilaksanakan selama 14 X 24 jam, dengan 12 jam hariterang dan 12 jam hari gelap. Penentuan pola aktivitas harian dengan menghitung rata – rata total aktivitas T. albaselama 24 jam. Aktivitas harian yang paling banyak dilakukan oleh pasangan T. alba adalah aktivitas istirahat (14jam 44 menit) dengan puncak waktu istirahat pada siang hari. Waktu yang dihabiskan untuk istirahat T. alba betinalebih tinggi (15 jam 53 menit). Alokasi waktu yang digunakan untuk bertengger T. alba betina (2 jam 56 menit)sebagai bentuk proteksi terhadap sarang. T. alba jantan bertanggung jawab memberikan kebutuhan nutrisi pada T.alba betina waktu yang digunakan untuk berburu (7 jam 40 menit). Pasangan T. alba melakukan aktivitas bertarungsecara bersamaan (5 menit) dan waktu untuk bercumbu (4 menit).
Uji Ketahanan Bakteri Dehalogenasi pada Subtrat Herbisida KMCPA Formula.
Authors: Hayati Nur -
Published: January 2019

Herbisida 2-metil-4-klor fenoksi asetat formula (KMCPA) merupakan salah satu jenis herbisida yang toksikdan tahan di tanah sampai 1 tahun. Stabilitas dan toksisitas KMCPA mengakibatkan senyawa ini berpotensi sebagaipolutan. Polutan yang masuk ke tanah dan badan air sangat berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Mikrobia memilikiserangkaian enzim yang dapat mengakatalisis senyawa toksik ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan isolatbakteri dehalogenasi dan untuk menguji ketahanan isolat dalam menggunakan KMCPA sebagai sumber karbondengan variasi konsentrasi 1,1 g/L; 2,2 g/L; 3,3 g/L . Parameter yang diamati adalah uji kualitatif pada tahapskrining menggunakan medium minimal Solution base salt (SBS) dan indikator BTB dan pengamatan kurvapertumbuhan berdasarkan pertambahan biomassa yanag diukur dengan spektrofotometer pada l = 600 nm. Isolatyang tahan sampai dosis 3 kali aplikasi di lapangan ( 3,3 g/L) adalah isolat M, sedangkan isolat P1, P2, P3; B1, B2,B3 tidak tahan terhadap KMCPA dengan dosis 3 kali dosis aplikasi di lapangan tidak dilanjutkan . Isolat Mdiharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai agen pembersih lingkungan namun konsentrasi KMCPA yang digunakansebaiknya tidak lebih dari 1,1 g/L.
Pembentukan Cabang Lateral Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) Setelah Perlakuan Girdling
Authors: Darmanti Sri -
Published: January 2019

Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas) merupakan tanaman yang pontensial sebagai sumber BBM yang terbarukan.Oleh karena itu peningkatan produksi biji jarak diperlukan untuk mendukung produksi BBM ini. Karena buah JarakPagar hanya terbentuk pada ujung batang dan ketiak daun yang dekat dengan ujung batang, maka jumlah cabangyang banyak diperlukan untuk mendapatkan produksi biji jarak yang tinggi. Pembentukan cabang lateral dipengaruhioleh keseimbangan fitohormon antara lain sitokinin dan auksin. Girdling merupakan teknik untuk mengaturkeseimbangan kedua fitohormon tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, perlakuan girdling dilakukan terhadap tanaman jarakdari stek yang berumur 5 bulan. Setiap perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap satu bulan dandiakhiri setelah 6 bulan. Dari hasil pengamatan diperoleh hasil bahwa perlakuan girdling berpengaruh memacupembentukan cabang lateral sedangkan tanaman control tidak membentuk cabang lateral sampai akhir perlakuan.
Kandungan Chromium pada Perairan, Sedimen dan Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) di Wilayah Pantai Sekitar Muara Sungai Sayung Desa Morosari Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Suprapti Nanik Heru
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan Chromium pada perairan , sedimen dan Kerang darah(Anadara granosa) di sekitar muara sungai Sayung, Desa Morosari, Kabupaten Demak. Pengambilan sampelmenggunakan metoda acak sistematik. Analisa kandungan Chromium dilakukan berdasarkan kriteria kualitas air dariPedoman Penetapan Baku Mutu Lingkungan sesuai keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia dan IndekFaktor Konsentrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan Chromium pada perairan tidak terdeteksi.Sedangkan kandungan Chromium pada sedimen dan Kerang darah (Anadara granosa) ditemukan 0,1278-0,1617ppmberarti telah melebihi batas ambang yang ditentukan (0,0500 ppm). Sifat akumulatif Chromium pada Kerang darahdi daerah penelitian termasuk dalam kategori sifat akumulatif tinggi.
Pengendalian Hayati Penyakit Hawar Daun Tanaman Kentang Dengan Agens Hayati Jamur-jamur Antagonis Isolat Lokal
Authors: Purwantisari Susiana - , Ferniah Rejeki Siti , Raharjo Budi -
Published: January 2019

Penyakit hawar daun tanaman kentang atau yang oleh petani di Kedu, Wonosobo disebut Lodoh merupakanpenyakit yang paling serius di antara penyakit dan hama yang menyerang tanaman kentang di Indonesia. Penyakitlodoh ini disebabkan oleh serangan jamur patogen ganas Phytophthora infestans yang dapat menurunkan produksikentang hingga 90% dari total produksi kentang dalam waktu yang amat singkat. Sampai saat ini kapang patogenpenyebab penyakit busuk batang dan daun tanaman kentang tersebut masih merupakan masalah krusial dan belumada fungisida yang benar-benar efektif terhadap penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoleksi danmengidentifikasi jamur-jamur tanah isolat lokal yang bersifat antagonis terhadap patogen penyebab penyakit busukdaun dan umbi tanaman kentang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab penyakit busuk daun dan umbitanaman kentang di daerah sentra pembibitan tanaman kentang di Kedu Temanggung Jawa Tengah adalahPhytophthora infestans. Terdapat 17 isolat jamur isolat lokal yang dapat diisolasi dari tanah di sentra pembibitantanaman kentang tersebut. Dari 17 isolat jamur ini dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok isolat yang berbedamorfologi koloninya. Pengamatan secara mikroskopis menunjukkan bahwa dari 4 kelompok jamur tanah tersebutadalah dari marga Trichoderma spp, Aspergillus sp, Penicillium sp dan Phytophthora infestans.
Produksi Inulinase Pichia alni DUCC-W4 pada Tepung Umbi Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis Willd) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Ammonium Nitrat dan Waktu Inkubasi
Authors: Wijanarka Wijanarka , Ferniah Rejeki Siti , Salamah Salamah
Published: January 2019

Inulinase (E.C.3.2.1.7) merupakan kelompok enzim hidrolase yang mampu menghidrolisis inulin menjadi fruktosa. Produksi fruktosa secara langsung dari inulin oleh enzim inulinase hanya memerlukan satu tahap reaksi enzimatis dan menghasilkan 90% fruktosa sehingga lebih efisien. Optimasi perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi inulinase, antara lain dengan penambahan sumber nitrogen dan optimasi waktu inkubasi. Khamir merupakan salah satu mikroba yang dapat memproduksi enzim. Salah satu khamir inulinolitik yang berhasil diisolasi dari umbi dahlia yaitu Pichia alni DUCC-W4. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui variasi konsentrasi NH4NO3 dan waktu inkubasi Pichia alni DUCC-W4 dalam memproduksi inulinase pada tepung umbi dahlia. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di laboratorium mikrobiologi, Jurusan Biologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Diponegoro. Penentuan aktivitas inulinase dilakukan dengan metode DNS. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor I (P0, P1, P2, dan P3) berupa konsentrasi NH4NO3 yang berbeda yaitu 0,029mM; 0,05 mM; 0,1 mM; 0,15 mM dan faktor II (H1, H2, dan H3) berupa waktu inkubasi (12 jam,18 jam, dan 24 jam). Masing – masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode ANOVA. Aktivitas inulinase masing – masing perlakuan pada waktu inkubasi 12 jam yaitu 0,567 U/mL, 0,407 U/mL, 0,304 U/mL, 0,486 U/mL, pada waktu inkubasi18 jam yaitu 0,761 U/mL, 0,644 U/mL, 0,543 U/mL, 0,554 U/mL, sedangkan waktu inkubasi 24 jam yaitu 0,564U/mL, 0,567 U/mL, 0,529U/mL, 0,612 U/mL. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan konsentrasi NH4NO3 pada medium produksi dan perbedaan waktu inkubasi tidak meningkatkan aktivitas inulinase Pichia alni DUCC-W4.
Struktur Komunitas Mollusca Bentik Berbasis Kekeruhan Di Perairan Pelabuhan Tanjung Emas Semarang
Authors: Hidayat Jafron Wasiq , Baskoro Karyadi - , Sopiany Rini -
Published: January 2019

The breakwater of Tanjung Emas Seaport is designed to absorb seawave as well as increase ships stability.Such water stability will trigger the light and small particles to deposite onto the bottom of the water body,eventhough these are easily re-suspended and initiate to create turbidity. Turbididty is one factor affecting Mollusccommunity. In facing the global climate changes, there will be a seriuos problem triggering the turbidity of theseawater and so do the organims. Researh were aimed to study the benthic Mollusc community in different turbiditylevels. Justified ramdom sampling was applied in 14 stations. Community structure of the molluscs were analizeddiscriptively as well as through Shannon-Wiener (H’) and evenness (e) indeces.Result showed that turbidity in PTES varies between 06,750 – 45,250 NTU. Such qualities were relativelyhigh range and can be tolerated by several given species, mainly Gafrarium tumidum, Nuculana acuta and Pyrenesp. These three above species could live within such high turbidity levels, since some of material are part of theirdiets without disturbing their respiration fuction. The highest diversity index H’ was 1,68 and found in Station 5,which is in accordance with its highest turbididyt level 45,250 NTU. The smalest turbidity level occured in Station 8and it was related to smaller diversity index (0,24). There was a tendency, the smaller the turbidity levels the smallerthe diversity indices. Such relatonship was consistence to the other three stations, namely 9,10 and 11. Exceptionwas found in Station 1, where different dominant species occured and diversity index was relatively high. It isbelieved these are related to the presence of warm outlet of Indonesia Power sewage reaching 32,5 centdegree.
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Jamur Indigenous Rhizosfer Tanaman Kentang dari Lahan Pertanian Kentang Organik di Desa Pakis, Magelang
Authors: Purwantisari Susiana - , Hastuti Rini Budi
Published: January 2019

Jamur rhizosfer merupakan salah satu faktor biotik yang dapat menginduksi ketahanan tanaman terhadappenyakit. Jenis tanah yang mengandung mineral organik dan anorganik mempengaruhi jenis jamur yang ada. Jamuryang ada di rhizosfer dapat melindungi tanaman terhadap patogen dan meningkatkan kesuburan pertumbuhantanaman sehinggga digolongkan sebagai jamur pemacu kesuburan tanaman (biofertilizer). Dengan demikian isolatjamur yang diisolasi dari rhizosfer tanaman sehat berpeluang besar menjadi alternatif penting bahan bakubiofertilizer tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui genus-genus jamur tanah indigenous di lahanpertanian kentang organik di Desa Pakis Magelang. Isolasi jamur menggunakan metode pengenceran berseri (SerialDilution Method ) hingga 10-5 pada medium PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar). Isolat jamur yang didapatkandiidentifikasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis menggunakan buku identifikasi Domsch, et al., (1980). Dari hasilisolasi diperoleh 8 (delapan ) isolat jamur yang termasuk ke dalam genus Trichoderma (2 isolat), Penicillium (1isolat), Phytophthora (2 isolat), Mucor (1 isolat) dan 2 isolat jamur yang belum teridentifikasi sehingga belumdiketahui genusnya.
Kemelimpahan Jenis Gulma Tanaman Wortel pada Sistem Pertanian Organik
Authors: Utami Sri -
Published: January 2019

Gulma merupakan tumbuhan alami yang mengganggu tanaman budidaya. Keberadaan gulma yang dibiarkantumbuh pada tanaman budidaya akan menurunkan hasil panen. Penurunan hasil panen oleh gulma disebabkanadanya kompetisi yang terjadi antara gulma dengan tanaman budidaya.. Didalam upaya meningkatkan produksipertanian, umumnya petani menggunakan berbagai bahan agrokimia, bahan ini akan menyebabkan lingkunganmenjadi rusak. Agar lingkungan tetap terpelihara baik digunakan sistem pertanian organik yaitu suatu sistempertanian tanpa menggunakan bahan kimia yang bisa meracuni lingkungan. Salah satu jenis tanaman sayur yangbanyak dibudidayakan adalah tanaman wortel. Wortel sangat diperlukan karena banyak mengandung vitamin yangsangat bermanfaat untuk kesehatan manusia. Gulma yang tumbuh di lahan wortel dapat menurunkan produksiwortel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis gulma wortel dan kemelimpahannya pada sistempertanian organik. Lahan yang ditanami wortel gulmanya dibiarkan tumbuh sampai umur 3 bulan. . Dilakukan 4macam perlakuan pemupukan organik yaitu pupuk kandang, pupuk hijau, EM-4 dan tanpa dipupuk Dilakukansampling gulma dengan mencatat jenis-jenis gulma dan menghitung jumlah individunya. Plot yang digunakanberukuran 1 m x 1 m, dan dilakukan 3 kali ulangan. Dilakukan juga pengukuran faktor lingkungan. Dari hasilpenelitian diperoleh gulma yang dominan dan kemelimpahannya tinggi pada semua perlakuan adalah Drymariavillosa dan Vernonea cinerea. Jumlah individu gulma paling tinggi didapatkan pada lahan yang dipupuk denganpupuk kandang, sedang paling rendah pada lahan tanpa dipupuk.
Mortalitas dan Pertumbuhan Larva Nyamuk Anopheles aconitus kerena Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Selasih Oscimum basilicum
Authors: Istimuyasaroh Istimuyasaroh - , Hadi Mochamad - , Tarwotjo Udi -
Published: January 2019

Nyamuk Anopheles aconitus merupakan vektor penyakit malaria. Penyakit malaria merupakan penyakit infeksi yang sering terjadi di daerah tropis, salah satunya Indonesia. Pengendalian nyamuk Anopheles aconitus sebagai vektor perlu dilakukan secara tepat dan ramah lingkungan. Tanaman selasih (Oscimum basilicum) diketahui mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber bahan insektisida botani karena kandungan metabolit sekundernya, antara lain eugenol, linalool, dan geraniol yang diketahui tidak disukai oleh nyamuk. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengkaji mortalitas dan pertumbuhan larva nyamuk Anopheles aconitus akibat pemberian ekstrak daun selasih Oscimum basilicum serta mengetahui konsentrasi efektif ekstrak daun selasih dalam meningkatkan mortalitas serta menurunkan pertumbuhan larva nyamuk Anopheles aconitus. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ekologi dan Biosistematik Jurusan Biologi F MIPA UNDIP. Data mortalitas diperoleh dengan uji hayati yang selanjutnya diuji dengan analisis probit untuk mengetahui efektifitas bahan uji. Sedangkan data pertumbuhan diolah dengan rumus Zhang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mortalitas larva meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi ekstrak. Efektifitas ekstrak terhadap larva uji ditunjukkan dengan tingkat toksisitas ekstrak (LC50-48 jam) adalah 5,01%. Pertumbuhan larva juga menurun sejalan dengan meningkatnay konsentrasi ekstrak, nilai GI (Growth index) berkisar antara 1-0, dan nilai RGI (Relative growth index) berkisar antara 100-81%.
Struktur Komunitas Plankton di Inlet dan Outlet Danau Rawa Pening
Authors: Hariyati Riche - , Wiryani Erry - , Astuti Yunita Kus
Published: January 2019

Rawa Pening is a natural lake that has 17 inlet (rivers thats lead water into lake) and one outlet Tuntang RiverInlet and outlet of Rawa Pening Lake have differences in physico-chemistry factor and covering of plant water.Plankton is one of organism that influenced by this condition.The aim of this research is to establish structure community of plankton in inlet and outlet Rawa PeningLake. Sample was taken from 7 inlet (the downstream of Segalok, Torong, Panjang, Galeh, Rengas, Kedungringisand intercourse of Parat, Legi and Muncul downstream). Sample of outlet taken from upstream of Rawa PeningLake, around of port and before bridge. Sample then analyzed by diversity index, similarity index, equaliy index,and total individu per liter. Seventy seven plankton were found in inlet and outlet Rawa Pening Lake. Sixty fivespecies are phytoplankton and contains of 22 species Chlorophyceae, 38 species Bacillaryophyceae, 2 speciesCyanophyceae, 2 species Euglenophyceae and one species of Chrysophyceae. 12 species are zooplankton andcontains of 10 species Rotifera also one species Sarcomastigophora and one species of Copepoda. Based on diversityindex, equality index, and total individu the community structure of plankton in inlet is relatively stabil than in outletRawa Pening Lake.The similarity index showed that the level of species similarity is low. This is indicated thatstructure community of plankton in inlet and outlet is different.
Pengaruh Perbedaan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair tehadap Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L)
Authors: Setiyowati Setiyowati , Haryanti Sri , Hastuti Rini Budi
Published: January 2019

Shallot is one an important of vegetable comodity, both in economic value and nutrition ingredients. One of an effort to support the increasing of shallot yield with plantation technology by giving organic liquid fertilizer. The experiment we studied to find out the effect of organic liquid fertilizer with different consentration on yield of shallot. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design consisted 6 consentration of organic liquid fertilizer 0 ml/L (P0), 1 ml/L (P1), 2 ml/L (P2), 3 ml/L (P3), 4 ml/L (P4), 5 ml/L (P5) with 4 replication. The results show that consentration of 4 ml/L organic liquid fertilizer is increas the number of bulb and consentratin of 5 ml/L is increas in tuber wet weight.
Populasi Lychas mucronatus (Scorpiones:Buthidae) di Kampus Undip Tembalang Semarang.
Authors: Rohman Arief Fatkhu , Hadi Mochamad - , Tarwotjo Udi -
Published: January 2019

Scorpion is an animal that has a high adaptability in various environmental conditions. Lychas mucronatus isone species of scorpion of the Buthidae family, which can be found on Campus Diponegoro University, SemarangTembalang. No data population and the spread of L. mucronatus on the campus of Diponegoro University, SemarangTembalang. This study aims to assess the population of L. mucronatus on the campus of Diponegoro University,Semarang Tembalang. This research was conducted in October-November 2009 in the region Undip TembalangHyderabad campus. Samples were taken by hand collecting techniques directly in the field accompanied by an imagecapture scorpion on its habitat. L. population data mucronatus were analyzed descriptively. The results showed L.mucronatus found on campus Undip Tembalang were 22 specimens consisting of 15 females, 2 males, 1 juvenile,and 4 specimens of unknown gender. L. mucronatus females in this study more likely in because of male mortalityduring mating season. L. mucronatus was found in grassland and shrub habitats, fields, and around the tree, L.mucronatus occupy four types of microhabitat characteristics, namely: leaf litter, rotten wood, in the soil, and understones. L. mucronatus most common in grassland and shrub habitats with sloping contour with microhabitat under arock. The presence of predators and competitors are likely to be a factor not found in L. mucronatus in severallocations on campus Undip Tembalang.
Uji Ekstrak Bawang Bombay sebagai Anti Bakteri Gram Positif Staphylococcus aureus dengan Metode Difusi Cakram
Authors: Wuryanti Wuryanti , Mulyani Nies Suci , Asy'ari Mukhammad , Sarjono Purbowatiningrum Ria
Published: January 2019

Microbe is a microscopic living organism which is closely linked to human life. One of pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureu,. may cause diseases. Sulfure of several plants are bioactive as antimicrobial. The properties of sulfure in Allium cepa L leads to an assumption that it has antimicrobial properties. Therefore, this study involved the antimicrobial test. The determination steps of antimicrobial Allium cepa L extract consisted of the Allium cepa L extract preparation, microbial regeneration and antimicrobial test. The antibacterial determination were performed by paper disc method. Based on the research data, determination of antimicrobial Allium cepa L extract resulted in inhibition zone area showed that the extract owned antimicrobial property.
Fosil Polen Mangrove Berumur Pliosen Dari Formasi Tapak Daerah Kedung Randu, Banyumas
Authors: Agung Suedy Sri Widodo , Muhadiono Muhadiono , Sabiham Supiandi , Qoyim Ibnul
Published: January 2019

Thirty sediment samples had been taken from the Tapak Formation of Kedung Randu areas, Banyumas, to reconstruct the diversity of mangrove flora from this area the past. This samples were processed for palynological slides used standard palynology preparation method. The microscopic identification of palynomorphs were done to identify taxa of paleoflora. Fifty-six types of pollen and spores fossils had been identified and 22 types were mangrove pollen-spores fossils. This fossils could be grouped into major mangrove (Zonocostites ramonae/Rhizophora type, Spinizonocolpites echinatus/Nypa fruticans, Florschuetzia levipoli/Soneratia caseolaris and Avicennia type); group of minor mangrove (Retitricolporites sp./Excoecaria sp., Discoidites novaguenensis/Brownlowia type, Camptostemon and Acrostichum aureum), and a group of plant associations (Retitricolporites equatoralis/Calophyllum type, Dicolpopollis sp./Calamus type, Racemonocolpites sp./Oncosperma, Marginipollis concinus/Barringtonia, Pandaniidites sp. /Pandanus, Terminalia catappa, Ilexpollenites sp./Ilex, Stellatopollis sp./Croton type, Acanthaceae type, Cyperaceaepollis/Cyperaceae, Podocarpidites/Podocarpus, Aglaia type, Haloragacidites/ Casuarina and Verrucatosporites usmensis/Stenochlaena palustris. Stenochlaeniidites papuanus and Podocarpus imbricatus were found in the samples. Tapak Formation was included in the last section of the Podocarpus imbricatus/Dacrycarpidites australiensis Zone of Java Palynological Zonation, and this formation was in the age of Late Pliocene towards Pleistocene. Key word: Tapak Formation; major-minor-plant associations of mangrove; palynological zonation
Kadar Serat dan Kadar Air serta Penampakan Fisik Produk Pascapanen Daun Caisim (Brassica juncea L.) yang Ditanam pada Media dengan Penambahan Pupuk Organik Hayati Cair dan Pupuk Anorganik
Authors: Winarsih Dwi , Prihastanti Erma , Saptiningsih Endang
Published: January 2019

Caisim (Brassica juncea L.) is one of vegetable commodities that has a high commercial value. Many people like it because it has a good taste and it contains several kinds of vitamin and mineral that good for health. This research aims to know the influence of liquid bio organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer addition to post harvest product caisim leaf and know the best combination of fertilizer for post harvest product caisim leafquality. Data analysis used is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and then continued by test significant different used Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 95%. The caisim plant that have been harvested then being observed on its fiber content, water content, and physical appearance. The result showed thatthe addition of liquid bio organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer has not influence for water content and physical appearance of caisim leaf, but it has an influence on fiber content. Treatment with basic media with the addition of 1 mL + 2,17 g NPK is the best treatment to increase fiber content of caisim leaf Tosakan variety.   Keywords: liquid bio organic fertilizer, caisim, quality of post harvest product
Motilitas dan vitalitas spermatozoa manusia post freezing setelah simpan beku dengan medium TES-Tris yolk citrat yang dimodifikasi dengan jenis kuning telur berbeda
Authors: Djaelani Muhammad Anwar
Published: January 2019

The aim of this research was to examine the possibility of semen cryopreservation using modified TES-Tris yolk citrat (TES-TYC) medium with different egg yolk. Semen fulfilling inclusion  criteria with WHO  criteria was divided into three groups and the sperm motility and vitality was counted as initial data. The semen was then mixed with TES-TYC medium with chicken egg yolk, TES-TYC medium with duck egg yolk and TES-TYC medium with goose egg yolk then cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. After one mounth the semen was thawed and recount its sperm motility and vitality. Data obtained showed that the motility and vitality of  post freezing sperm cryopreserved with TES-TYC medium with chiken was higher compared to the other medium. It could be concluded that the existenced of chicken egg yolk in TES-TYC medium was better kept sperm integrity during cryopreservation compared with the other medium, hence the existenced of egg yolk as ingredient in TES-TYC medium should be chicken egg yolk.   Key words : motilitas dan vitalitas, medium TES-Tris yolk citrat, kuning telur
Etnoekologi Masyarakat Samin Kudus Jawa Tengah
Authors: Jumari Jumari , Setiadi Dede , Purwanto Y , Guhardja Edi
Published: January 2019

The study of the ethnoecology of Samin Society in Kudus been conducted in March 2011 to August 2011. The aim of this study was to review and document local knowledge of of Samin Society about their views of the environment. The location is Larikrejo and Kaliyoso villages, Undaan District, Regency of Kudus. Data collection techniques with direct field observation, open interviews (open ended), structured interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions (FGD). Results of research on local resource management in communities samin illustrated on describtif phenomenology. Theirs traditional knowledge about the environment is reflected in the form of land use management systems. Environmental unit and production activities such as: rice fields, yards, dry field, swamps, embung and rivers. Samin community interaction with the environment is very strong, like wong (humans) with sandang pangan (food and clothing), or like living with a livelihood. Society's view of land interests change with the change of environmental conditions and their knowledge level. Key word: Ethoecology, local knowledge, Samin Society, view of invironment, environmental unit
Pengaruh Pemberian Kompos Sampah Rumah Tangga Terhadap Pertumbuhan Chlorella vulgaris Pada Skala Laboratorium
Authors: Hafizhah Reka , Hariyati Riche
Published: January 2019

Accumulation household organic waste caused environtment disturbances such as bad odor, methan occur, stoppage canal water, and disease spread. Organic waste processing are needed in order to reduce this problem. Processing household waste into composs was one way to reduce organic waste accumulation. The objective of this study is to determine optimal dose household composs for Chlorella vulgaris growth. Research are done in two phase within 9 days of each. Composs liquid doses for main research are 6%,7%,8%, 10%, and Walne fertilizer used as control. Result show effect of household composs on Chlorella vulgaris growth. Optimal doses for Chlorella vulgaris growth are composs liquid doses  8% and 10%.   Key word: Household composs, Growth, Chlorella vulgaris.
Struktur Komunitas Gulma Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Sawah Organik dan Sawah Anorganik di Desa Ketapang, Kec. Susukan, Kab. Semarang
Authors: Utami Sri , Purdyaningrum Lila Ris
Published: January 2019

Penurunan produktifitas padi disebabkan antara lain oleh kompetisi antara gulma dan tanaman padi. Padi merupakan jenis tanaman pangan yang sangat penting karena merupakan sumber makanan pokok. Adanya sistem pertanian yang berbeda memungkinkan jenis gulma dan dominansinya berbeda pula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas gulma padi pada sistem pertanian organik dan pertanian anorganik. Tehnik sampling dengan metode acak. Plot yang digunakan berukuran 1 m x 1 m dan masing-masing stasiun diambil 5 plot. Sampling gulma dilakukan dengan mencatat jenis-jenis gulma dan menghitung jumlah individu masing-masing spesies.. Dilakukan juga pengukuran faktor lingkungan. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 10 jenis gulma padi sawah organik dan 12 jenis gulma padi sawah anorganik. Total individu gulma padi organik lebih banyak dibanding gulma padi anorganik. Jenis gulma padi sawah organik yang mempunyai dominansi tinggi  yaitu Azolla pinnata, Pistia stratiotes dan Salvinia molesta sedangkan pada sawah anorganik Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Eleocharis acicularis dan Monochoria vaginalis. Tingkat kesamaan antara komunitas gulma padi sawah organik dan anorganik kecil. Kata kunci : kompetisi, produktifitas, gulma, sistem.pertanian
Analisis Vegetasi Pada Habitat Gajah Sumatera Di Suaka Margasatwa Padang Sugihan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Mahanani Agnes Indra , Hendrarto Ign Budi , Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih
Published: January 2019

Padang Sugihan Wildlife Reserve covering 86,932 hectares is the natural habitat of elephants in South Sumatra, both wild and managed elephants at Elephant Training Center, Sub Padang Sugihan. This area was used to be production forest. To support life of wild elephants, the vegetation quantity and diversity of vegetation types of feed must be known. This study aimed to analyze the vegetation feed elephants in Padang Sugihan Wildlife Reserve. The method used sampling plots with a size of 1m x 1m and 5m x 5m in five study sites. Data were analyzed using analysis of vegetation to get the importance value index. Species diversity was calculated using the Shannon Wienner Index formula. It was also calculated the value of uniformity of plant based on Simpson formula. The results of importance value index showed that location I was dominated by Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link (76.55%), location II Panicum astagninum R (132.48%), location III  Panicum repens L (107.14%), location IV Axonopus caompressus ( 79.48%), location of V Panicum repens L and Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (21.28%), location VI Melaleuca cajuputi (80.77%), and location VII Melaleuca cajuputi (84.08%). The value of the highest species diversity in the location of V at 2.53. The lowest value was in location II at 0.66. The highest uniformity index was 0.92. While the lowest value was 0.37 in the location II. Based on the above results it is necessary to enrich the vegetation species of elephant grass and natural food, especially at locations II and III.   Keyword: Padang Sugihan Wildlife Reserve, vegetation analysis, Elephas maximus sumateranus Temminck
Optimasi Isolasi DNA Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) Berdasar Perbedaan Kualitas dan Kuantitas Daun serta Teknik Penggerusan
Authors: Ferniah Rejeki Siti , Pujiyanto Sri
Published: January 2019

Complete genome of chili has not been reported.The first step to study the genome is DNA isolation, so it is necessary to optimize the protocol to get an optimum DNA. This research aimed to optimize chili DNA isolation by variate the quantity and quality of chili leaves as row material and variate the grinding technique. DNA isolation was done using commercial kit without liquid nitrogen, and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that frozen chili leaf yields more DNA than fresh leaf, 0,1 g of leaf got optimum DNA, and grinding in mortar was better than in microtube.   Key words: DNA,  isolation, Capsicum annuum
Pelacakan Gen Sitokrom Oksidase Sub Unit I (COI) DNA Mitokondria Itik Tegal (Anas domesticus) Menggunakan Primer Universal
Authors: Wibowo Sarwo Edi , Djaelani Muhammad Anwar , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti
Published: January 2019

Currently local ducks are generally quite difficult to find in a big farm in Inonesia, including Tegal ducks. Tegal ducks is one of the genetic resources native to Indonesia with it’s advantages in terms of high and large egg production. Conservation and development of local ducks have strived to maintain our existence of Indonesian livestock germplasm. If such information is not superior to native species exist, the opportunity to increase his lead further also getting smaller. Tracking the mitochondrial COI gene DNA of Tegal ducks may underlie the process of an organism's genetic characterization. Information about Tegal duck mitochondrial DNA has not been done. The information obtained can be used for optimization of duck products native to Indonesia both in physiological aspects, phylogeny and genetic engineering. The research method used in this research is tracking COI gene data from Gen Bank with the programs Clustal X and Genedoc. Tracking then continued using universal primers HCO and LCO. The results of the data followed up with the isolation and amplification of COI gene mitochondrial DNA as well as the optimization of PCR conditions. The results showed mitochondrial DNA COI gene Tegal ducks were amplified with primer LCO obtain DNA fragments of length less than 250 bp. Kata kunci: duck’s from Tegal, COI gene, mitochondrial DNA
Studi Etnobotani Masyarakat Desa Sukolilo Kawasan Pegunungan Kendeng Pati Jawa Tengah
Authors: Irsyad Muhammad Nur , Jumari Jumari , Murningsih Murningsih
Published: January 2019

This research aims to reveal the types of plants used by communities for subsistence daily. This research conducted in the village of Kendeng Mountains region Sukolilo, Pati. Data collection conducted exploratory used a roaming method to inventory plant species. This method supported by ethnobotany participatory appraisal techniques consisting of: open-ended interview and participatory observation by the public as key informants. Inventory and interviews made in plant utilization category. Research showed that Sukolilo villagers still had a good knowledge about the diversity of plants and about plants their use in daily life. Inventory data showed that 208 species of plants used by the community, are grouped in categories: food (90 species), medicinal and traditional medicine (44 species), building materials (29 species), fuel wood (13 species), animal feed (11 species), craft materials and tools (8 species), fiber materials and rigging (3 species), and toxic materials (2 species). Keywords: ethnobotany, cultural value, karst areas, Kendeng mountains
Uji Kemampuan Produksi Fruktooligosakarida (FOS) dari Kelompok Aspergillus niger DUCC
Authors: Whinarsih Whinarsih , Lunggani Arina Tri , Rukmi MG Isworo
Published: January 2019

Prebiotic is a food supplement that can not be digested in the human’s gut, it can stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the intestine and improve human’s health. FOS is a fructan type of oligosaccharide which is have a potential as a natural prebiotic, it  can be produced by several microorganisms, including A. niger group. The aim of this research was to examined the FOS production of   three isolates of A. niger group from DUCC collection (i.e. DUCC F123, DUCC F129 and DUCC F102). FOS production was determined by measuring the reducing sugar using  DNS method. The result showed that all isolates have the capability in producing  FOS suspected kestose with the degree of polymerization 3.545; 3.215; 3.049 respectively. Keywords:FOS, fructosyltransferase, Aspergillus niger, prebiotic
Komposisi, Kemelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Fitoplankton Danau Rawa Pening Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Samudra Sesilia Rani , Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih , Izzati Munifatul
Published: January 2019

Rawa Pening is a semi natural lake which is utilized for hydro-electric power plant,  caged fish culture, irrigation, and tourism. It belongs to one of the fifteen lakes which receives national priority to be saved and preserved because of its very poor condition as a result of eutrophication, sedimentation and degraded water quality. Eutrophication of  Rawa  Pening comes from the Water Catchment Area,  originating from farms, animal husbandry, domestic and industrial waste around the lake, and also from the water body itself, that is from caged fish culture. The fertility criteria of the lake water can be determined on the basis of the abundance and variety of phytoplankton and the total phosphorus content. The aim of this research is to find out the water fertility criteria of Lake Rawa Pening based on the abundance and variety of  phytoplankton, and the phosphorus content. Research began in July 2012 on three stations. Station I is an area with fishcage culture;  Station II is an area without fishcage culture, and Station III is the river inlet or water catchment area. Each station consisted of three different sampling areas. The phytoplankton abundance at the station without  fishcage culture is higher  (19012 ind/l) than at the fishcage culture station (14356 ind/l)  as well as at the inlet station (11058 ind/l), but the diversity index at the no fishcage station is lowest (1.80)  compared to the fishcage culture station (2.32)  and the inlet station (2.05). The fertility criteria of Rawa Pening based on the phytoplankton abundance and P-total  of  its water is eutrophic  going  towards  hypereutrophic.   Keywords : Lake Rawa Pening, Phosphorus, Water Quality, Euthropication