bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting the Use of Antenatal Care in Semarang, Central Java: Application of Health Belief Model
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: In the field of health-care education, theories and models help us to explain and predict behaviors to conduct effective health-care educational programs for changing behaviors. The Health Belief Model (HBM) contains several primary concepts by which individuals evaluate themselves to take action to change their behaviors, including antenatal care uptake in pregnant women. This study aimed to examine factors affecting the use of antenatal care. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in Semarang, Central Java, from June to August 2020. A sample of 250 pregnant women was selected by simple random sampling. The dependent variable was antenatal care. The independent variables were attitude, knowledge, information, self-efficacy, perceived seriousness, perceived susceptibility, perceived barrier, perceived benefit, cues to action, husband support, and facilities. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: Complete antenatal care increased with strong support (OR= 38.97; 95% CI= 3.19 to 476.53; p= 0.004), high knowledge (OR= 16.44; 95% CI= 2.54 to 106.60; p= 0.003), positive attitude (OR= 29.88; 95% CI= 2.88 to 309.92; p= 0.004), high information toward antenatal care (OR= 31.42; 95% CI= 4.07 to 242.41; p= 0.001), strong self-efficacy (OR= 7.85; 95% CI= 1.50 40.99; p= 0.015), strong cues to action (OR= 11.97; 95% CI= 2.01 to 71.36; p= 0.006), high perceived seriousness (OR= 32.99; 95% CI= 3.93 to 276.98; p= 0.001), high perceived susceptibility (OR= 24.29; 95% CI= 2.50 to 235.78; p= 0.006), high perceived benefit (OR= 30.43; 95% CI= 2.99 to 308.80; p= 0.004), high perceived barrier (OR= 0.07; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.57; p= 0.013) and complete facilities (OR= 63.52; 95% CI= 3.62 to 1115.08; p= 0.005). Conclusion: Complete antenatal care increases with strong support, high knowledge, positive attitude, high information toward antenatal care, strong self-efficacy, strong cues to action, high perceived seriousness, high perceived susceptibility, high perceived benefit, high perceived barrier and complete facilities. Keywords: antenatal care, health facility, Health Belief Model Correspondence: Widyawati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: widyawatichin1412@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285742919076. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.117
The Effect of Hormonal Contraceptive Use on the Risk of Depression in Women of Reproductive Age: Evidence from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Afriyanti Neta , Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Prasetya Hanung ,   School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health Surakarta
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Estrogen and progesterone hormones have been hypothesized to play a role in the cause of depressive symptoms in female. Clinical studies have indicated that changes in estrogen levels may trigger depressive episodes among women at risk for depression. A previous study found that use of combined oral contraceptives among women who previously had experienced emotional adverse effects resulted in mood deterioration and changes in emotional brain reactivity. This study aimed to examine the effect of hormonal contraceptive use on the risk of depression in women of reproductive age. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. A sample of 200 women of reproductive age was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was depression symptom. The independent variables were age, education, duration of contraceptive use, type of contraceptive use, employment, and family income. Depression symptom was measured by Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II). The other variables were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Depression symptoms increased with hormonal contraception (OR= 3.74; 95% CI= 1.61 to 8.65; p= 0.001) and duration of contraceptive use ≥36 months (OR= 6.33; 95% CI= 2.36 to 16.97; p <0.001). Depression symptoms decreased with age ≥29 years (OR= 0.12; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.34; p <0.001), family income ≥Rp 1,571,000 (OR= 0.10; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.24; p <0.001), education ≥Senior high school (OR= 0.18; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.45; p<0.001), and working at home (OR= 0.37; 95% CI= 0.16 to 0.83; p= 0.016). Conclusion: Depression symptoms increase with hormonal contraception and duration of contraceptive use ≥36 months. Depression symptoms decrease with age ≥29 years, family income ≥Rp 1,571,000, education ≥Senior high school, and working at home. Keywords: hormonal contraceptive, depression Correspondence: Neta Afriyanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: neta.friyanti16@gmail.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.121
The Effect of Prenatal Stresson Low Birth Weight: A Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Faujiah Irfa Nur ,   Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta, Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Prasetya Hanung ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Low birth weight remains a major public health concern of neonatal mortality rate, especially in developing countries. The mother’s psychological stress during pregnancy was reported as one of the causes of low birth weight in children. This study aimed to determine the effect of prenatal stress on low birth weight. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review. This study was conducted by collecting articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access (DOAJ), Springer Link databases, from 2006-2020. Keywords used “Prenatal Stress” AND “Low Birth Weight”. The inclusion criteria were open access and full text articles, using English or Indonesia language, pregnant women with stress, using cohort study design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio (aOR). The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed using random effect model run on Revman 5.3. Results: 5 studies from United States, Suriname, Macao, Israel, and South Africa reported that prenatal stress increased the risk of low birth weight (aOR= 1.94; 95% CI= 1.33 to 2.81; p<0.001), with I2= 0%; p= 0.45. Conclusion: Prenatal stress increases the risk of low birth weight. Keywords: prenatal stress, low birth weight Correspondence: Irfa Nur Faujiah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: irfanurfaujiah@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282127200347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.123
Antenatal Care and Provision of Basic Immunization in Children Aged 12-23 Months: Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Widyaningsih Vitri ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Among the leading causes of global child morbidity and mortality are vaccine-preventable diseases, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). A complete basic immunization for children contains one BCG, three DPT-HB-Hib immunizations, four polio immunizations, and one measles immunizations. Antenatal care visit contributes an important to complete the basic immunization. This study aimed to estimate the effect of antenatal care on the completeness of basic immunization in children aged 12-23 months in Africa using meta-analysis. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted to examine the effect of antenatal care on the basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months. Published articles in 2015-2020 were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “immunization coverage” OR “vaccination coverage” OR “complete immunization” OR “complete vaccination” OR “full immunization” OR “full vaccination” AND children OR “child immunization” OR “child immunization coverage” NOT “incomplete immunization” OR “incomplete vaccination”. The inclusion criteria were full text, in English language, and using cross-sectional study design. The selected articles were analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results:6 studies from Senegal, Nigeria, Ethiopia, and South Africa showed that antenatal care increased basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months (aOR=1.19; 95% CI= 1.06 to 1.36; p<0.001) with I2 = 95%). Conclusion: Antenatal care increases basic immunization completeness in children aged 12-23 months. Keywords: basic immunization, antenatal care, children aged 12-23 months Correspondence: Farida. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutarmi 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: faridariza9232@gmail.com. Mobile: 085654415292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.125
Factors Affecting Stunting among Children Under Five Years of Age in Banyuwangi, East Java
Authors:   Midwifery Program, School of Health Sciences Banyuwangi, Wardani Endah Kusuma , Widiyastuti Nurul Eko ,   Midwifery Program, School of Health Sciences Banyuwangi, Rofika Lutvia Dwi ,   Midwifery Program, School of Health Sciences Banyuwangi, Wirawati Wahyu Adri ,   Midwifery Program, School of Health Sciences Banyuwangi
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Stunting, chronic malnutrition, results from the exposure of the fetus and young child to nutritional deficiency and infectious disease. In Indonesia, 30.8% of children were stunted, in which 26.2% was in East Java and 8.1% Banyuwangi Regency. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting stunting among children under five years of age in Banyuwangi, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Klatak and Wonosobo Community Health Centers, Central Java. a sample of 60 children under five years of age was selected for this study. The study variables were child’s gender, maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. The frequency distribution data were reported descriptively. Results: The majority of stunted children under study were male (53.3%). Most of the women were at age 20 to 34 years during pregnancy (58.3%). As many as 73.3% mothers were low educated. Most of the mothers were housewives (85%). 78.3% of women took iron supplement during pregnancy. Most of the children did not have the history of chronic energy deficiency (60%). Most of the children received exclusive breastfeeding (61.7%) and supplementary feeding (65%). Only a few children had the history of infectious disease (6.7%). Conclusion: The characteristics of subjects under study vary with maternal age at pregnancy, maternal education, maternal work status, iron intake, history of chronic energy deficiency, exclusive breastfeeding, supplementary feeding, and history of infectious disease. Keywords: stunting, children under five years of age, factors Correspondence: Endah Kusuma Wardani. Midwifery Program, School of Health Sciences Banyuwangi. Jl. Letkol Istiqlah No. 109, Banyuwangi, East Java, 68422. Email: qsuma89@yahoo.com. Mobile: +6282257193736. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.80
Effect of Trained Parenting on the Development of Autistic Children at Autism Schools in Indonesia
Authors:   School of Health Sciences, Yogyakarta, Badi’ah Atik , Mendri Ni Ketut ,   School of Health Sciences, Yogyakarta, Nugroho Heru Santoso Wahito ,   School of Health Sciences, Yogyakarta, Handayani Wawuri ,   School of Health Sciences, Yogyakarta
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Autistic children are unique individuals who have different abilities and characteristics, so that they have different ways of interacting with themselves and the environment. The development of interest in children with autism can be hampered. Parenting in children with autism includes parents of autistic children who provide emotional, social, informational and practical support to develop children’s interests with autism. Based on the results of a preliminary study conducted by the author at 8 Special Schools (SLB) in Yogyakarta and Ponorogo, East Java, most parents (93%) thought that enrolling autistic children in special schools (SLB) meant that their efforts had been said. enough. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of parenting on the development of interest in autistic children in autistic schools. Subject and Method: This was a quasi-experiment pretest-posttest design with control group design conducted at the seven autism schools in Yogyakarta and one autism school in Ponorogo, East Java. A sample of autistic children selected by purposive sampling with the criteria of a pair of parents with autistic children aged 6-12 years. The dependent variable was development of interest in children with autism. The independent variable was parenting. The first observation was to determine the development of interest in children with autism before being given parenting and the second observation after being given parenting. Data was analyzed by bivariate analysis by Wilcoxon Rank Test. Results: The development of interest in autistic children was higher after the intervention with trained parenting than before, and it was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Giving trained parenting is effective in increasing the development of interest in children with autism in Autism Schools in Yogyakarta and Ponorogo, East Java. Keywords: Parenting, interest development, autistic children Correspondence: Atik Badi’ah. School of Health Sciences, Yogyakarta. Email: atik.cahyo@yahoo.com. Mobile: +628164267407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.83
Factors Associated with Early Marriage among Young Women in Blora, Central Java: Evidence for Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Anggraini Wella ,   Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Pamungkasari Eti Poncorini ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Child marriage is the result of the interplay of economic and social forces. In communities where the practice is prevalent, marrying a girl as a child is part of a cluster of social norms and attitudes that reflect the low value accorded to the human rights of girls. Child marriage has many effects on girls’ health. This study aimed to assess factors associated with early marriage among young women in Blora, Central Java, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in Blora, Central Java, from September to October 2019. A sample of 200 married female was selected randomly. The dependent variable was early marriage. The independent variables were intention, attitude, parental income, peer support, teacher support, culture, female value, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control. Results: The risk of early marriage increased with supportive culture toward early marriage (OR= 5.34; 95% CI= 1.12 to 25.34; p= 0.035), negative female value (OR= 5.27; 95% CI= 1.04 to 26.72; p= 0.045), supportive attitude toward early marriage (OR= 10.2; 95% CI= 1.99 to 52.8; p= 0.005), and weak perceived behavior control (OR= 33.8; 95% CI= 4.18 to 273.67; p= 0.001). The risk of early marriage decreased with peer support toward delayed marriage (OR= 0.09; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.50; p= 0.006), high parental income (OR= 0.16; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.87; p= 0.034), parental support toward delayed marriage (OR= 0.07; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.38; p= 0.002), positive female value (OR= 0.09; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.45; p= 0.003), weak intention toward early marriage (OR= 0.19; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.91; p= 0.039), and weak subjective norm (OR= 0.10; 95% CI= 0.01 to 0.59; p= 0.011). Conclusion: The risk of early marriage increases with supportive culture toward early marriage, negative female value, supportive attitude toward early marriage, and weak perceived behavior control. The risk of early marriage decreases with peer support toward delayed marriage, high parental income, parental support toward delayed marriage, positive female value, weak intention toward early marriage, and weak subjective norm. Keywords: early marriage, adolescents, theory of planned behavior Correspondence: Wella Anggraini. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: wellaanggraini89@gmail.com. Mobile: 081215216795. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.94
Effectivity of National Health Insurance on Maternal Health in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Postgraduate of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Octavia Eva Nur , Riono Pandu ,   Department of Biostatistics and Population Studies,  Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Improving maternal health services is one of the main objectives in reducing maternal mortality. The national health insurance system is one of the efforts to achieve Universal Health Coverage (UHC) which aims to ensure that people can access health services without financial difficulties as stated in the third point of SDGs 2030. This system ensures that women are able to access quality maternal health services. This study aimed to review the effectiveness of national health insurance implementation on maternal health service in developing countries, systematically. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review conducted by searching for articles through three databases, namely Cinahl, Medline, and JSTOR. The search was carried out using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design (PICO-S method). In the identification stage, it was found 251 articles and 8 articles were selected to meet the criteria for this study. Results: The national health insurance system was an effort to ensure that women of reproductive age were able to access quality maternal health services. However, there were still gaps in the utilization of health services which are influenced by factors of education, economic status, and geographic area. Conclusion: The implementation of the national health insurance system has an impact on increasing the utilization of maternal health services, especially in developing countries. Keywords: national health insurance, women of reproductive age, maternal health services, developing country Correspondence: Eva Nur Octavia. Postgraduate of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia. Jl. Margonda Raya, Pondok Cina, Beji, Depok 16424, East Java. Email: evanuroctavia@gmail.com. Mobile: +62 87759656772 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.03
The Implementation of Public Service in General Hospital of Sukabumi City, West Java
Authors:   R. Syamsudin, SH General Hospital, Sukabumi West Java, Indonesia, Dewi Ni Putu Juwanita ,   Law College of Pasundan, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: A hospital is a facility to provide a health service which is primarily give access to curative health. The demands of the public for better services is a need that must be met by government agencies that provide health services. This study aimed to observe the implementation of public service in general hospital of Sukabumi City West Java. Subjects and Method: This study used a qualitative method using a frame of mind from Edward III’s Policy Theory. The data were conducted by enrolled a tot al of 16 informants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and review of documents related to public services at general hospital of Sukabumi city. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: In this study, the implementation of public services at the general hospital of Sukabumi City had been running well but was not optimal and required improvement in several aspects. There is a need of regular meetings to discuss the implementation of public services, monitoring and evaluation by the board of directors, communication training for hospital staff, especially employees who deal directly with patients and / or patients’ families, repair, improvement of public facilities at the Sukabumi City Hospital, and there should be a special department to coordinate the implementation of public services. Conclusion: The implementation of public services at the general hospital of Sukabumi City has been running well. The optimalization and improvement are needed for this hospital. Keywords: implementation, public service, hospital Correspondence: Ni Putu Juwanita Dewi. RSUD R. Syamsudin, SH General Hospital, Sukabumi, Law College of Pasundan, Sukabumi, 43313, West Java, Indonesia. Email: happynitadewi@gmail.com. Mobile Phone: +62817438713 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.08
Implementation of Hospital Safety and Health Management System: Resource, Organization, and Policy Aspects
Authors:   Masters Program of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro, Herdhianta Dhimas ,   Masters Program of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro, Denny Hanifa Maher ,   Masters Program of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Hospital occupational health and safety is all activities to ensure and protect the safety and health of hospital human resources, patients, patient companions, visitors, and the hospital environment through efforts to prevent occupational accident and occupational disease in the hospital. It is necessary to support resources, organization, and policies in the implementation of occupational safety and health in hospitals in order to create a safe, secure and comfortable hospital condition. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of occupational safety and health at Hospital X Semarang, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study conducted at Hospital X Semarang, Central Java. A total of 6 informants consisting of the main informants (members of the hospital occupational health and safety team) and triangulation informants (head of the hospital occupational health and safety team) were enrolled in this study. The data were obtained from in-depth interview method. The data were analyzed descriptively. Results: The hospital already had and provided the special budget needed in the field of hospital occupational health and safety, such as 1) Activity and provision of hospital occupational health and safety infrastructure; 2) Human Resources (HR) and assigns personnel who have clear responsibilities, authorities, and obligations in handling hospital occupational health and safety; 3) Hospital occupational health and safety official team but with double work burden; and 4) Policies were owned and compiled in written form, dated, and endorsed by the main director as well as commitment from the top leadership. Conclusion: The implementation of occupational safety and health in hospital X is quite good. Meanwhile, there is still a double work burden and have no independent hospital occupational health and safety team. Keyword: resources, organization, policy, work safety, occupational health, hospital Correspondence: Dhimas Herdhianta, Masters Program of Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Diponegoro. Email: herdhianta@gmail.com. Mobile: 085749312412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.09
Age, Gender, and Knowledge on Complications of Diabetes Mellitus with Obedience in Chronic Disease Management Programs
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma, Surabaya, Agustina Tri Ratih , Rifdah Naura ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma, Surabaya, Sriayu Nurjannah ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma, Surabaya, Zulbahrina Naila ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma, Surabaya
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic and dangerous infectious disease. Various efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality due to diabetes have been carried out, one of which is the Chronic Disease Management Program (PROLANIS). Meanwhile, in its implementation, many are irregular. This study aimed to examine the relationship between age, gender, and level of knowledge with the complications of DM with obedience in following the PROLANIS. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted in the working area of the Gondang Community Health Center, Mojokerto Regency, East Java. Total of 42 DM patients were enrolled in this study using total sampling technique. The independent variables were age, gender, and level of knowledge. The dependent variable was obedience in following the PROLANIS. Data were collected using questionnaire and analyzed using Chi square test. Results: Factors associated with obedience in following PROLANIS were age (OR = 22.75; 95% CI = 2.42 to 213.73; p= 0.002), gender (OR = 12.00; 95% CI = 2.46 to 58.47; p = 0.001) and the level of knowledge about DM complications (OR = 7.00; 95% CI = 1.72 to 28.55; p = 0.006). Conclusion: Age, gender, and level of knowledge about complications due to DM are related to the DM patient’s obedience in following the Chronic Disease Management Program (PROLANIS). Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Disease Management Program, PROLANIS, obedience Correspondence: Tri Ratih Agustina. Wijaya Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma, Surabaya. Jl. Dukuh Kupang XXV No.54 Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Email: wildrizky@gmail.com Mobile: 0811372336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.10
The Effect of Community Empowerment on The Implementation of Diabetes Mellitus Management in Malangsuko, West Java
Authors:   School Of Health Polytechnics, Malang, East Java, Wahyuni Tavip Dwi
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Efforts to deal with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) disease require support from various parties, especially the community and family apart from the sufferer himself. The community in an effort to reduce the risk of DM disease, among others, by providing knowledge and understanding to families and sufferers directly, including empowering the community. This study was carried out by empowering health cadres by training in knowledge and skills in medical examinations, starting from checking blood pressure, anthropometry, and blood sugar. This study aimed to analyze the effect of community empowerment on the implementation of DM management. Subjects and Method: This was an experimental study with a control group design. This study was carried out in Malangsuko Village, West Java. Total of 30 cadres were divided into 15 cadres in the control group and 15 cadres in the treatment group. The independent variable was community empowerment. The dependent variable was the implementation of DM management. Data were collected using questionnaire and observation sheet skills results. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test. Results: After a post test, a total of 73% cadres had moderate knowledge and 80% had low skill in control group, while in intervention group, 73.3% cadres had good knowledge and 100% had good skill. Conclusion: The empowerment of health cadres in Malangsuko Village is effective because it has a positive impact on knowledge and skills in early detection of DM disease. Keywords: community empowerment, diabetes mellitus management Correspondence: Tavip Dwi Wahyuni. School of Health Polytechnics, Malang, East Java. Email: tavip_dwi@poltekkes-malang.ac.id DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.11
Life Cycle Cost Management of Concrete Structures
Authors: Matos José , Solgaard Anders , Linneberg Poul , Strauss Alfred , Stipanovič Irina , Casas Joan , Mašović Snežana , Caprani Colin , Novák Drahomír , Akiyama Mitsuyoshi
Published: February 2021

Tools, guidelines and standards for assessment of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of built environment e.g. buildings, infrastructure assets etc. have gained impact over the past years. Owner and operator application of tools, guidelines and standards enhances optimization of operation and maintenance with due respect to their budgets. In order to aid owners, operators and their designers, a task group under fib has been established to prepare a state-of-the-art report regarding LCC analyses of concrete assets. The state-of-the-art report contains a description of existing LCC standards and guidelines, their applicability, the definition of different cost elements, and the treatment of uncertain information in a reliability or risk based framework, etc. providing the reader with background information and methodology for preparation of such analysis. Moreover, the report contains case studies, presenting the applicability of the LCC analysis methodology.
An Analysis of Bridges Performance in Southern Brazil Highways
Authors: Baldessar Warmling Gean Marcos , Santos Filho Mauro Lacerda , Lacerda Santos Adriana De Paula
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the basic concepts of a Bridge Management System that can create a
meaningful conservation and maintenance programs for the Brazilian Highway Public system. The
methodology, based on a deterministic procedure aims to create a list of priorities towards a future
program of maintenance of bridges. This document presents the introduction of a method that
includes the content of the analysis. The application of the proposed procedure allowed the
analysis of a batch of 308 bridges in the highways systems that cross the states of Parana and Santa
Catarina, in the southern part of Brazil. The model considers several aspects that regulate the
conditions of those bridges, considering traffic characteristics and maintenance history. The results
bring the possibility to relate the actual condition of the structures within the performance that
one expects the highway system to provide for the user. In order to complete the analysis, this paper
presents a general classification of the bridges, by their performance, creating a very meaningful list
of priorities to guide any maintenance program.
Confederation Bridge Pot Bearing Monitoring and Assessment
Authors: McGinn Donald J. , Pakniat Parinaz , Newhook John
Published: February 2021

The 12.9km long Confederation Bridge, connecting Prince Edward Island with mainland New
Brunswick, Canada, utilizes 162 pot bearings to accommodate movement. Some bearings have
been instrumented for up to 20 years to study displacement demands and bearing response under
traffic, daily thermal cycles, seasonal thermal cycles, and during extreme wind events and
temperatures of -20C. The effect of bearing response while sea ice crushes against bridge piers is
also assessed.
In 2017, two pot bearings were removed from service and each component was thoroughly
assessed. Besides wear of the PTFE, the remaining service life of the bearing is estimated at least another
20 years.
Monitoring the performance of concrete repairs
Authors: Møller Peter H. , Cordua Hans-Aage Munk
Published: February 2021

A monitoring system for measuring the durability of concrete repairs has been developed and tested
for 6 years as part of a pilot project for renovation of bridge piers. Beside testing traditional repair
methods, the possible service life extension from cast-in sacrificial anodes was tested.
The system was focused on the zone between original concrete and repair material where corrosion
often starts. It was seen that this zone for most of the repairs can be expected to reduce service life
to<50years. But the monitoring system cannot determine the service life precisely, but precision is
highly increased compared to other methods, e.g. surface based mapping of reinforcement
potentials. The results furthermore indicated that cast-in anodes can increase the service life by 10-
20 years. By the new anode model, Galva Shield XP2, service life be might increased by 15-30 years.
It was found that corrosion risk at repairs has high areal- and time-based variations and to obtain
an overview of the durability of the repairs several repairs must be monitored for a long time.
Bridge Surface Roughness Detection Based on Double-Vehicle-Double-Pass Technique
Authors: Zhan Ying , Au Francis T. K.
Published: February 2021

Bridge surface roughness encompasses dents, cracks, bulges and other defects due to construction
as well as wear and tear in service. It significantly affects the traffic load on bridge, costs extra
vehicle fuel consumption and tire wear, and therefore is a major concern of bridge monitoring and
maintenance. As it considerably affects the contact force between the vehicle and the bridge, it is
also a major obstacle of using vehicle measured data to identify bridge parameters. This paper
presents a method to estimate the surface roughness profile of a bridge. With the acceleration
data gathered from two different vehicles running on the bridge successively at the same speed,
the roughness profile of the bridge can be measured with satisfactory accuracy. The method is
verified with finite element simulation.
Alternativas de obras hidráulicas para reducir el tiempo de formación de una brecha de ruptura en cortina de la presa
Authors:   Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto Tecnológico de Chetumal, México, Sánchez Quijano Miguel Ángel , Miguel González Carolina ,   Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, México, Miguel Paz Bruno ,   Centro de Investigaciones del Agua, CIAQ Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, México, Planos Gutiérrez Eduardo ,   Instituto de Meteorología (INSMET), Cuba, Vargas Baecheler José ,   Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
Published: February 2021

A través del análisis de ruptura de la presa, se identificaron los riesgos de inundación que surgen debido a una posible falla de la estructura por la ruptura de la cortina. Se consideró minimizar los daños sufridos como resultado de esta contingencia, así como establecer un sistema de advertencia efectivo. Se tuvo en cuenta las simulaciones del comportamiento hidráulico de este fenómeno a escala de tamaño, tanto en el laboratorio como en el software, colocando diferentes estructuras alrededor de la presa, para comparar y descubrir si hay un cambio significativo que pueda proporcionar una óptima solución a este problema. Se exponen también ejemplos de cómo en Cuba y Chile se conceptúa este problema y se vislumbra la oportunidad de compartir experiencias en el tema en LAC.
Avances en el pronóstico operacional de corto plazo y la evolución futura de largo plazo del fenómeno de la turbiedad en el río Maipo
Authors:   Subgerencia de Planificación Técnica y Recursos Hídricos, Aguas Andinas, Chile, Poblete Carlos , Suárez Francisco ,   Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental UC, Chile, Vicuña Sebastián ,   Centro de Cambio Global UC, Chile, Meruane Carolina ,   Modelación Ambiental SpA, Chile, de La Fuente Alberto ,   Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, U. de Chile, Chile, Reyes A. Jorge ,   Aguas Andinas, Chile
Published: February 2021

El fenómeno de la turbiedad extrema ha sido abordado en trabajos previos a través del análisis de eventos históricos, estudios que han permitido, además de caracterizar y comprender de mejor forma el fenómeno, estar en condiciones de intentar una predicción del mismo. Se presentan a continuación avances conseguidos en dos líneas de predicción: 1) pronósticos operacionales de corto plazo, alimentados por forzantes que gatillan aumentos de turbiedad en el río y 2) evolución futura de largo plazo, considerando los patrones de cambio climáticos que pueden ocurrir sobre la cuenca del Maipo. El modelo operacional pronostica la serie de tiempo horaria de turbiedad para un horizonte de 3 días y consiste en un modelo híbrido que combina información geomorfológica y meteorológica de la cuenca, unida a un pronóstico hidrometeorológico base, con algoritmos Deep Learning que definen el peso de cada forzante. Desde su puesta en operación, la herramienta se ha utilizado para generar advertencias del tipo alerta temprana y estimaciones del tiempo de duración de la emergencia. La evolución futura del fenómeno se abordó utilizando simulaciones de un modelo climático de alta resolución las cuales alimentaron un modelo hidrológico local, resultados que unidos a un modelo basado en redes neuronales, generaron series diarias de turbiedad. Respecto de la situación actual y bajo un escenario de Cambio Climático RCP 8.5, se esperarían para el futuro incrementos en el número de eventos, en la duración máxima y magnitud media asociada y aparentes reducciones en las intensidades máximas de los mismos. Si bien ambas herramientas deben seguir siendo evaluadas, se consideran interesantes alternativas para avanzar en la predicción del comportamiento del fenómeno, tanto en el corto como en el largo plazo.
Análisis de Frecuencias de Crecientes No Estacionario con una y dos Covariables
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México, Campos Aranda Daniel Francisco
Published: February 2021

Muchos registros de gasto máximo anual (crecientes) muestran una tendencia ascendente originada por la urbanización ocurrida en su cuenca. En otros la tendencia es descendente y se produce por la construcción de embalses en la cuenca. En ambos casos, los efectos del cambio climático pueden exacerbar tales tendencias. El análisis de frecuencias de crecientes permite estimar las Crecientes de Diseño, asociadas a bajas probabilidades de excedencia. Esta técnica, en registros que no son estacionarios, se puede realizar con base en varias funciones de distribución de probabilidades (FDP) variando linealmente su parámetro de ubicación (u) con una o dos covariables y entonces, sus cuatro y cinco parámetros de ajuste se pueden obtener por medio de la generalización del método de los momentos L. En este estudio se aplican las FDP: General de Valores Extremos, Logística Generalizada y Pareto Generalizada, a un registro de crecientes sin tendencia pero no estacionario, usando como covariable un índice climático global y a otro registro de crecientes con tendencia ascendente, empleando como covariables el tiempo y dos índices de la cuenca, uno relacionado con las lluvias máximas anuales y otro con la extensión del área urbana. Las conclusiones destacan la sencillez y utilidad del método expuesto.
Seguridad hídrica y gobernanza en el abastecimiento de agua. Déficits y desarrollo de la capacidad institucional para enfrentar los desafíos sanitarios. caso: provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina)
Authors:   Observatorio de Servicios Sanitarios (OSS). Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL). Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas (FICH). Santa Fe, Argentina, Traba Luis Antonio , del Carmen Paris Marta ,   Centro de Hidrología y Gestión del Agua (CHyGA)-Cátedra UNESCO Agua y Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas (FICH). Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL). Santa Fe, Argentina, Paz González Antonio ,   Facultad de Ciencias. Universidad de La Coruña. La Coruña, España
Published: February 2021

Una de las dimensiones más importantes de la seguridad hídrica de la población es el abastecimiento de agua potable. Este concepto plantea en cierta medida la esperanza de que la sociedad alcance metas ideales o logre un estado deseado en ese aspecto. La seguridad hídrica se define como la capacidad de una población para salvaguardar el acceso a cantidades adecuadas de agua de calidad aceptable, que permita sustentar tanto la salud humana como la del ecosistema, basándose en las cuencas hidrográficas, así como garantizar la protección de la vida y la propiedad contra riesgos relacionados con el agua inundaciones, derrumbes, subsidencia de suelos y sequías. En este trabajo se presenta la seguridad hídrica y gobernanza en el abastecimiento de agua, como un déficit y desarrollo de la capacidad institucional para enfrentar los desafíos sanitarios. Es estudio de caso se presenta en la provincia de Santa Fe (Argentina).
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF WIND TURBINE COUPLED WITH A PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR UNDER GRID CONNECTED SYSTEM
Authors: K Nagendra , Kumar Chandan , P N Gowri , M S Prathika , D Kavyashree
Published: February 2021

The objective of this paper is to model and simulate the grid connected wind mill using MATLAB/SIMULINK. Wind energy is a renewable energy and its running cost negligible as wind is freely available. The non -renewable energy are being exhausted and therefore there is a need to switch to renewable sources of energy. For utilizing wind energy, wind turbines are used and different parameters like, shape and size of the blades, wind speed, generator characteristics etc. are considered in calculating the efficiency of the turbine. This paper deals with the performance study of the output from the permanent magnet synchronous generator PMSG coupled with the wind turbine. In this case performance test is conducted with two variable speeds and the reactive power, active power, voltage and current waveforms of the inverter is plotted using SIMULINK.
DESIGN OF TRAFFIC ENGINEERED MULTI-PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING-TRANSPORT PROFILE (MPLS-TP) FOR THE ENHANCEMENT OF QUALITY OF SERVICE
Authors: Biradar Prabhavati , T L Purushottama
Published: February 2021

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a switching technology. MPLS-TP is a progressive version of MPLS in the field of packet switched data network. MPLS-TP is a high-end technology which implements network methodologies in a transport layer. For managing virtual private network(VPN) services, MPLS is of developing enthusiasm to the service providers (SPs) and furthermore to VPN customers. MPLS-enabled routers allot a few labels to the packets, and in view of these allocated labels it produces sending decisions. The prime expectation after the MPLS technology is to eliminate the need of OSI model data link layered

(layer-2) technology i.e. frame relay, Ethernet, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). This paper gives data about the components of Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), correlation of MPLS with traditional Routing and Packet Switching, MPLS label format and MPLS operation.
LITERATURE REVIEW ON VARIOUS DEPTH ESTIMATION METHODS FOR AN IMAGE
Authors: Bahadur Saloni , Shrestha Rashmee , Sumaharshini Yalapi , Teja Gnv Ravi , N Kalpitha
Published: February 2021

In this survey paper, different depth estimation techniques using cues from two images are observed. In this paper, different methods for depth estimation like Vergence, Stereo Disparity, Stereo Matching, Familiar Size, Defocus Cue, Convex Optimization, and Sum of Absolute Differences Algorithm are reviewed. Depth is determined by using maximum and minimum disparity.
DIAGNOSIS AND CLASSIFICATION OF DEMENTIA USING MRI IMAGES
Authors: Kp Mamatha , Suma H.N.
Published: February 2021

The proposed work is to present an effective approach to diagnoseof dementia using MRI images and classify into different stages. There are many manual segmentation algorithms on detection and classification or very simple and specific segmentation algorithms to segment each region of interest exclusively. Thus, the proposed system shall use one of the most effective automatic segmentation techniques on MRI images at once. The regions of interest to segment are CSF (Cerebralspinal fluid), gray matter, and white matter and ventricles using the effective segmentation method called level set segmentation. The features are extracted from these four regions of interest and classification of the dementia is performed using K-nearest neighbor.
ANALYSIS OF PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING HUMAN HAIR LENGTH GREATER THAN 10CENTIMETER DIPPED IN SALT WATER AS FIBER REINFORCEMNT ADMIXTURE
Authors: Gadgihalli Vishal , Ramya  , Khan Abrar , Dinakar Raghavendra Prasad , Rani Babitha
Published: February 2021

Admixtures now days play a predominant role in concrete manufacturing. The admixtures ranged from blood in history to fiber reinforcement admixture.  In this paper the author analyzing the properties of concrete using salt water cured and oven dried human hair whose length exceeding 10cm as fiber reinforced admixture is studied and verified by strength of ordinary Portland cement without using any admixture. Using human hair length greater than 10cm as fiber reinforcement admixture gave good percentage of increment in compressive strength and flexural strength, but as the length of the human hair increases used for concrete as fiber reinforcement admixture reduces the strength.
ANALYSIS OF PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING CRUSHED GLASS POWDER AS ADMIXTURE
Authors: Gadgihalli Vishal , Ramya  , Khan Abrar , Ranjitha  , Rani Babitha
Published: February 2021

Concrete admixture is added to enhance the properties of concrete to make its function as required. In this paper analysis of properties of concrete using of glass powder as admixture to concrete is studied and verified the strength of concrete and temperature emitted due to chemical reaction to the normal Portland cement. Using of glass powder as admixture the temperature emitted due to exothermal reaction of concrete has reduced. As glass has property of absorbing high temperature. This gives better results hence we can use this glass powder as an admixture. Where the reacting temperature and the emitting temperature place a crucial role in construction, and as glass powder is rigid and non-crystalloid solid this increase bond strength in concrete to increase its strength.
ANALYSIS OF PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING STEEL FIBERS AS FIBER REINFORCEMENT ADMIXTURE
Authors: Gadgihalli Vishal , Meena  , Sindu  , Dinakar Raghavendra Prasad
Published: February 2021

Fiber reinforced concrete is composite material consisting of mixtures of cement, mortar or concrete, discontinuous discrete uniform dispersed suitable fibers. Fiber reinforced concrete are of different types and properties. In this paper analysis of properties of concrete using steel fibre as fiber reinforcement admixture is studied and verified the strength of concrete to normal plane concrete with absence of admixtures. Using steel fibers as fiber reinforcement admixture increases bond strength by enhancing surface tension as steel is better in taking flexural strength this gives better results, hence we can use this steel fiber reinforcement to concrete where the compressive and flexural strength place a crucial role in construction and maintenance.
STUDIES ON GENERALISED UNSTABLE FUNCTIONS IN TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Authors: Vijilius Helena Raj  , Srinivasa G.
Published: February 2021

In this paper we bring in a new class of functions called g*Λ irresolute function and contra g*Λ irresolute function, where g*Λ irresolute function is a weaker form of g*Λ continuous function and contra g*Λ irresolute function is a weaker form of contra g*Λ continuous  function.
OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF BY-PRODUCTS IN DISPOSAL UNIT
Authors: P Jyothi , G A Vatsala , Gupta Radha
Published: February 2021

In present scenario, Waste disposal unit is one of the emerging industries. The process of collection of wastes, segregation of wastes, recycling the wastes and manufacturing by-products and selling the by-products are the major works are undertaken into consideration.  Any business expectation is to get the profit.  Our study is to formulate goal programming model which helps in maximizing the profit by identifying the deviation of goals in the disposal unit. Goal Programming technique is one of the optimization techniques. Manager of the disposal unit can takes the better decision using the deviation of goals. Pre emptive Goals of the study are (i) minimizing the expenditure of the unit and recycling cost of the wastes ii) boosting the net profit of the unit    iii) Maintaining the supply of by-products to each location within the maximum demand iv) Fulfilling demand of by- products in different locations v) Maintaining the minimum supply of recycled by-products to 5 different locations must be at least one.