bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance of rice genotypes to lesser cornstalk borer Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Siqueira José Claudino , Filho Rafael Danillo Araújo Costa , Barros Wanderson Fernandes , Silva Anderson Rodrigo da , Almeida André Cirilo de Sousa , Barrigossi José Alexandre de Freitas , Jesus Flavio
Published: July 2024

The lesser cornstalk borer Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeiler 1848) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the most harmful pests of upland rice and others several economically important crops in Brazil. The lesser cornstalk borer is a pest that damages the newly emerged rice plant, reducing the "stand" and often requires replanting. The objective of this work was to identify source of resistance in rice genotypes to E. lignosellus. Thirty-day-old rice plants were infested with newly emerged larvae and evaluated to determine the intensity of damage: number of total stem, number of damaged stems, percentage of stems attacked, number of stems with dead heart symptom, percentage of stems with dead heart symptom and length of damage. Also the biological parameters of the lesser cornstalk borer: live larval number, larval weight and larval length were evaluated. The genotypes Canela de Ferro, Confiança, Esmeralda, Lajeado Ligeiro and Primavera are considered moderately resistant to E. lignosellus and can be used by rice producers as a component of Integrated Pest Management or used in rice breeding programs as a source of resistance to the lesser cornstalk borer.
Constructing and identifying an eighteen-gene Tumor Microenvironment Prognostic Model for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Zaishan , Meng Zhenzhen , Xiao Lin , Du Jiahui , Jiang Dazhi , Liu Baoling
Published: July 2024

Background
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. This study aimed to identify novel TME-related biomarkers and develop a prognostic model for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Methods
After downloading and preprocessing data, we classified the molecular subtypes using the "NMF" R package. We performed survival analysis and quantified immune scores between clusters. A Cox proportional hazards model was then constructed, and its formula was produced. We assessed model performance and clinical utility. A prediction nomogram was also constructed and validated. Additionally, we explored the potential regulatory mechanisms of our TME gene signature using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA).
Results
From data processing and univariate Cox regression, 57 TME-related prognostic genes were identified. Two clusters (C1 and C2) with significant differences were established. Immune scores, including those for cytotoxic lymphocytes, endothelial cells, monocytic cells, myeloid dendritic cells, neutrophils, and T cells, showed significant differences between the subtypes. Through univariate Cox analysis, lasso regression, and multivariate Cox regression analysis, an 18-gene TME-related prognostic model was developed. This model accurately predicted survival outcomes in subgroups with varying clinical features. Finally, a nomogram was constructed, and its predictive accuracy was validated.
Conclusions
We developed a prognostic model based on TME-related genes in NSCLC. Our 18-gene TME signature can effectively predict the prognosis of NSCLC with high accuracy.
Case Report - A Safe Laparoscopic Technique for Complicated Appendicitis
Authors: Glasser James
Published: July 2024

A case of complicated appendicitisis presented to illustrate a safe laparoscopic appendectomy technique.
What makes extirpation so difficult in complicated appendicitis? Infection and tissue injury trigger release of cytokines, which attract the omentum and cause contiguous loops of bowel to adhere, effectively isolating the inflammatory locus. Surgical dissection must reverse this process.
Visualization is excellent in laparoscopy; however, an operator lacks tactile sensation; and when organs are fused together, touch is a valuable aid to accurate dissection. Injury to the adjacent organs (small bowel, colon, fallopian tubes, or ureter) may occur and require resection (cecectomy or hemicolectomy) and anastomosis.
What is needed is an operative technique that is safe and effective in these challenging situations, especially where the appendix is adherent to adjacent structures and encased in a cocoon of (highly vascularized) fibrous tissue, a phlegmon.
The technique presented is derived from open surgery. It is safe because dissection is performed directly upon the appendiceal wall. This procedure (utilized in complicated appendicitis) is contrasted with an alternate (simpler) technique applicable to uncomplicated appendicitis.
Feasibility and acceptance of KIDSCREEN-52 as a screening tool for unmet needs in children with rare inflammatory diseases
Authors: Satirer Özlem , Erbis Gabi , Heck Verena , Welzel Tatjana , Reiser Christiane , Gellner Anne-Kathrin , Benseler Susanne M. , Kümmerle-Deschner Jasmin
Published: July 2024

Background: Children living with rare diseases often face significant psychosocial challenges; recognizing and addressing these effectively is crucial. However, there is a paucity of comprehensive screening tools. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptance of the comprehensive KIDSCREEN-52 tool in identifying unmet needs of children with rare inflammatory diseases and their caregivers and identifying factors associated with low health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
Methods A prospective single-center study of consecutive pediatric patients aged 8-18 with inflammatory diseases and their caregivers was performed to assess HRQoL utilizing the multidimensional KIDSCREEN-52 self-report and proxy tool. The validated KIDSCREEN-52 tool is available in 13 languages with corresponding Norm Data. It captures HRQoL across 10 domains including 52 inquiries. HRQoL of children with rare inflammatory diseases was described utilizing the multidimensional KIDSCREEN-52 self-report and proxy tool. The feasibility and acceptability of KIDSCREEN-52 was determined using a simple, dichotomous three item acceptance tool. Factors associated with low self-reported HRQoL were explored.
Results: A total of 104 participants, comprising 51 pediatric patients and their 53 caregivers, were included. The patients were 35 females and 16 males, with a median age of 16 years (range: 9-18). Among them, 25 (49%) had autoinflammatory diseases, 26 (51%) had rheumatic diseases. Mean values from self-reports and proxies were consistent with the Norm Data across all domains. Self-report and proxy assessments showed high-degree agreement. Patients reported lower HRQoL levels compared to the control population in nearly all domains. Both caregivers and children expressed strong acceptance of the KIDSCREEN-52 questionnaire's clarity, relevance, and adequacy. The overall completion rate was 75%, the mean completion time 17 minutes (range: 10-25). Factors associated with low HRQoL included female gender, adolescent age and evidence of a rheumatic disease.
Conclusion: The KIDSCREEN-52 demonstrated promise as a feasible and accepted tool for capturing the HRQoL and identifying unmet needs in children with rare inflammatory diseases. Its comprehensiveness and the availability in multiple languages with corresponding Norm Data, offers a unique opportunity to implement strategies to identify and address HRQoL challenges of children with rare diseases in routine clinical care.
NMES1 promotes lung adenocarcinoma progression by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Wu Qian , Wang Ning , Sun Chao , Zhang Ying , Han Jue-ming , Wang Hui
Published: July 2024

Focusing on the role of normal mucosa of esophagus specific 1 (NMES1) in LUAD, TCGA database was hereby first used to explore the expression and prognostic value of NMES1 in LUAD patients. qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were utilized to detect expression of NMES1. NMES1 expression was up-regulated in LUAD patients and LUAD cells. Subsequently, siRNA was utilized to transfect LUAD cells to knockdown NMES1. Proliferation, migration and invasion potential were evaluated by cell counting Kit-8, wound healing and transwell migration. Furthermore, experiments were also conducted to investigate the potential mechanisms. Finally, a transplanted tumor model was established to elucidate the functions of NMES1 on the tumorigenesis of LUAD cells. Knockdown of NMES1 notably inhibited proliferation, migration, cell cycle and tumor growth in xenografts. The findings demonstrated the efficiency of NMES1 in mediating the ROS level and Mitochondrial potential to promote PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Association between adverse childhood experiences and the risk of developing chronic headache in Chinese individuals: a RCSCD-TCM study in China evidence from a national survey
Authors: Lu Hong , Huang Daiqiang , Yu Hegao , Li Cuiyin , Wen Shuangshuang , Zhao Dizhou
Published: July 2024

Background:
Chronic headache (CH) is a widespread problem in clinical practice. The causes of the disease are very complex and varied, including organic, functional and even psychogenic causes. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are related to several psychogenic neurological disorders. However, whether the number of ACEs is associated with the risk of developing CH has not been well established. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify the association between the number of ACEs and the risk of developing CH in the general population using a Chinese national survey.
Methods:
Participants who reported experiencing headache in two consecutive waves of investigation from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were defined as having CH and were included in this study. The life history information of the participants was then matched. Twelve types of ACEs were identified from the life history information. The participants were divided into four classes according to the number of ACEs. The association between the number of ACEs and the risk of developing CH was analysed using logistic regression.
Results:
A total of 654 (14.77%) of 4427 participants were diagnosed with CH within 9 years of the survey. After adjusting for various confounding factors, compared to that associated with Class 1 (ACEs = 0), the OR for CH associated with Class 3 (ACEs = 2) was 1.68 (1.30 ~ 2.19; P < 0.001) and the OR for CH associated with Class 4 (ACEs > 2) was 2.62 (2.04 ~ 3.38; P < 0.001). Further analysis of different types of ACEs demonstrated that physical abuse, household mental illness and five other types of ACEs were associated with the risk of developing CH. Subgroup analysis demonstrated similar results without any interactions.
Conclusions:
Exposure to ACEs was associated with a greater risk of developing CH, indicating the importance of early intervention for individuals with ACEs to mitigate the detrimental impact of ACEs on CH and to promote health.
C-reactive protein/albumin ratio of immune-inflammation index is associated with prognosis of colorectal cancer in older patients (≥ 65 years)
Authors: Yoshida Naohiro , Yonemori Haruki , Miyamoto Yoshiki , Nishihira Ai , Shigaki Takahiro , Fujiyoshi Kenji , Koushi Kenichi , Yoshida Takefumi , Isobe Taro , Mori Naoki , Sudo Tomoya , Sakai Hisamune , Hisaka Toru , Ishibashi Nobuya , Fujita Fumihiko
Published: July 2024

Purpose
We investigated the characteristics of colorectal cancer (CRC) in older patients (≥ 65 years) and the immune-inflammation indexes that are useful for predicting postoperative prognosis.
Methods
This study included 153 patients aged ≥ 65 years with Stage I-Ⅲ colorectal cancer, who underwent radical surgery (R0 resection) in our hospital from 2016 to 2018. Four immune-inflammation indexes (C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)) were calculated. We analyzed the association between immune-inflammation indexes and clinicopathological features or prognosis.
Results
Lymph node metastasis and venous invasion were independent prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS) in multivariate analysis (p = 0.04, hazard ratio [HR] 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.028–4.999 and p = 0.03, HR 2.85, 95% CI 1.124–7.224, respectively). Lymph node metastasis and CAR were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in multivariate analysis (p = 0.04, HR 2.33, 95% CI 1.046–5.178 and p = 0.04, HR 2.45, 95% CI 1.054–5.672, respectively). Lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, and CAR were independent prognostic factors for cancer specific survival (CSS) in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.04, HR 3.04, 95% CI 1.028–8.988; p = 0.03, HR 10.46, 95% CI 1.339–81.72; and p = 0.02, HR 3.78, 95% CI 1.278–11.152, respectively).
Conclusion
CAR is a useful immune-inflammation index for predicting the prognosis after radical resection for CRC in older patients.
Enhancing Thymol and Carvacrol Biosynthesis in Thymus vulgaris L. using Laurencia caspica Seaweed Extract: Biostimulant Potential and Gene Expression Insights
Authors: Rasuli Nasim , Riahi Hossein , Shariatmadari Zeinab , Nohooji Majid Ghorbani , MehrabanJoubani Pooyan , Dehestani Ali
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the biostimulant potential ofLaurencia caspicaseaweed liquid extract (SLE) onThymus vulgarisL., focusing on its impact on various biological parameters and the biosynthesis pathway of thymol and carvacrol. Results demonstrate significant enhancements in vegetative and reproductive traits, including leaf area, root and shoot length, and biomass, with inoculated plants showing notable increases in fresh and dry weights compared to controls. Moreover, SLE application led to elevated levels of total phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as increased activity of key enzymes such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and cell wall peroxidase (POD), along with enhanced lignin accumulation in leaves. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation ofDXRandTPS2genes, resulting in higher accumulation of thymol and carvacrol in plant tissues compared to controls. This pioneering study underscores the practical utility ofL. caspicaseaweed as a biostimulant in agriculture, offering insights for further advancements in harnessingLaurenciaspecies for sustainable agricultural practices.
Adverse event analysis and signal detection of calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibitors using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database
Authors: Lee Nai , Ok Jihoon , Lee Jonghyun , Rhee Su-Jin , Kim Yun
Published: July 2024

Background
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) inhibitors have been FDA-approved for migraine prophylaxis and relief. However, their safety profile remains uncertain. This study analyzes adverse events (AEs) and signals of disproportionate reporting (SDRs) using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).
Methods
We examined AEs reported to FAERS from the approval date to August 2023, standardizing data using preferred terms and system organ classes (SOCs). Disproportionality analyses, including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and information component (IC), were used to quantify SDRs. Inclusion in FDA prescribing information was also checked.
Results
Potential safety signals for monoclonal antibodies, not listed in FDA prescribing information, included psychiatric disorders (e.g., depression - erenumab: ROR 1.97; 95% CI 1.78–2.17) and vascular disorders (e.g., hypertension - erenumab: ROR 1.44; 1.29–1.62). Epitinezumab was associated with throat irritation (ROR 36.94; 30.66–44.52). Commonly reported SOCs included general disorders and administration site conditions (27,578 events; 43.68%), injury, poisoning and procedural complications (26,201 events; 41.5%), and nervous system disorders (15,788 events; 25.01%).
Conclusion
This study highlights CGRP inhibitor-associated AEs, underscoring the need for clinical monitoring and risk identification. Early detection of AEs and SDRs can inform protective measures to enhance patient safety.
Longitudinal relationship between atherosclerosis and progression of periodontitis in community-dwelling people: Nagasaki Islands study
Authors: Tamaki Naofumi , Fukui Makoto , Kitamura Masayasu , Fukuda Hideki , Furugen Reiko , Yamanashi Hirotomo , Miyata Jun , Saito Toshiyuki , Maeda Takahiro
Published: July 2024

Few epidemiological studies have explored the longitudinal relationship between atherosclerosis and periodontitis. This 3-year cohort study aimed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between atherosclerosis and the progression of periodontitis in community-dwelling individuals in Japan. Progression of periodontitis was defined as the presence of two or more teeth demonstrating a longitudinal loss of proximal attachment ≥ 3 mm during the study period, among the included participants. Oral examinations and subclinical atherosclerosis assessments were performed in Goto City, Japan. The surrogate markers of early-stage atherosclerosis used in this study were increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), low ankle-brachial index (ABI), and cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). The study included 222 Japanese adults. While CAVI increased significantly in both groups, the prevalence of CAVI ≥ 8 was significantly increased in only the progression group during the study period. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the progression of periodontitis was significantly associated with cIMT. Additionally, CAVI positively correlated with changes in probing pocket depth, while ABI negatively correlated with changes in clinical attachment loss. These results suggest that subclinical markers of early-stage atherosclerosis are significantly associated with a greater risk of periodontitis progression in community-dwelling Japanese participants.
Refined Integration of Multilayer DEM-GTP-TEN for Three-Dimensional Quaternary Geological Modeling: A Case Study in Nantong City, China
Authors: Hou Manqing , Ye Yabin , He Liang , Han Baoji , Yang Liwen , Luo Amin
Published: July 2024

Refined three-dimensional (3D) Quaternary geological modeling can reveal the spatial and geological structures of strata from a 3D perspective, an essential subject in the current research in Quaternary geology and 3D GIS. The primary challenge in Quaternary geological modeling lies in the substantial discontinuity and heterogeneity of Quaternary strata, which have undergone multiple depositional events, resulting in complex and variable stratigraphic structures that are difficult to accurately model and analyze. Consequently, we have developed the MD-GTP-TEN hybrid modeling method, which integrates multi-layer DEM (MD), generalized prism (GTP), and tetrahedral mesh (TEN) elements to achieve refined 3-D modeling of the spatial structure and geological architecture of Quaternary strata. This study validated the accuracy of the model using geological parameters specific to Nantong City, a coastal region in eastern China. The research validation demonstrated an average error of 3.05m for strata burial depth and 2.42m for layer thickness, indicating that the model effectively reflects the spatial structure and geological architecture of Quaternary strata in the area. This confirms the reliability and accuracy of the model in a 3-D environment. Therefore, the MD-GTP-TEN hybrid modeling method can accurately simulate Quaternary strata, providing theoretical and technical support for the study of geological hazards such as landslides, debris flows, and ground subsidence.
A qualitative exploration of Chinese rural family doctors’ expectations regarding telehealth management for the elderly in Henan province
Authors: DU Cancan , Du Yuqing , Tian Yutong , Zhang Yan , Wang Zhixia , Wang Jiaqi , Wen Yajuan , Liu Kaili , Yan Yuping
Published: July 2024

Background
This study aimed to understand rural family doctors’ expectations for elderly telehealth management, provide a reference for constructing a suitable remote health management model for the rural elderly in China, and improve the quality of rural elderly home care.
Methods
Objective sampling was used to conduct semi-structured interviews with 13 rural family doctors in Henan province, and the themes were summarized using Colaizzi analysis.
Results
Four themes and nine subthemes were extracted. Rural family doctors (a) had limited knowledge of telehealth management; (b) exhibited a strong willingness to apply remote health management; (c) had specific expectations for the content of remote care (daily life care guidance; remote chronic disease health management; remote home safety guidance; remote home exercise instruction; and remote psychological support); and (d) expected remote health management implementation support (setting up a multidisciplinary team and using the “village doctor” as a link for offline follow-up).
Conclusion
As some rural family doctors know little about telehealth management, the publicity of telehealth management should be strengthened. Furthermore, the content of remote health management for the rural elderly should reflect the characteristics of comprehensiveness and practicality, establish a multidisciplinary team as a guarantee, and adopt the mode of “online consultation plus offline follow-up” with rural family doctors as the intermediary, so as to ensure the quality of remote care and promote the improvement of the quality of life of the rural elderly as soon as possible.
Regional Disparities in Embracing Work-from-Home: A Focus on the EU
Authors: Woźniak-Jęchorek Beata , Kuźmar Sławomir
Published: July 2024

The increasing prevalence of remote work in the labour market has sparked investigations into its effects on regional development. Critical factors such as job suitability for telecommuting, individual and household characteristics, and technological limitations are pivotal in implementing remote work arrangements. These opportunities are necessary for decreasing the digital divide in Europe, particularly from a regional standpoint. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the changes in the EU regional scale of Work-from-Home (WFH) in 2021–2022 with respect to the pre-existing inequalities in access to ICTs, differences in the economic structure, demographics, and education. More specifically, this explanatory study aims to indicate which factors influencing the adoption of WFH setups in the EU regions drove the deepening digital divide in 2021–2022. Our methodology entails a two-pronged approach, combining theoretical analysis with empirical investigation. Our findings indicate that regions with higher initial work-from-home (WFH) rates in 2021 experienced more pronounced declines in remote work throughout 2022. This inverse relationship suggests that regions heavily reliant on WFH in 2021 faced increased pressures or incentives to revert to in-person work arrangements as pandemic circumstances evolved or policies changed. Furthermore, the income level and employment share in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) emerged as the most significant and robust predictors of the increase in the scale of work from home in 2022.
JEL codes: D31, E24, O33
rPagSP02+rPagSP06 recombinant salivary antigen is a reliable biomarker for evaluating exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes in Sri Lanka
Authors: Piyasiri Sachee Bhanu , Senanayake Sanath , Samaranayake Nilakshi , Doh Serena , Iniguez Eva , Kamhawi Shaden , Karunaweera Nadira Darshani
Published: July 2024

Phlebotomus argentipes is the established vector of leishmaniasis in the Indian sub-continent. Antibodies to sand fly salivary antigens are biomarkers for vector-host exposure in leishmaniasis-endemic regions. Ph. argentipes transmits Leishmania donovani in Sri Lanka, primarily causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Our study compared the performance of salivary gland homogenate (SGH) from a lab-reared local strain of Ph. argentipes females to a composite recombinant salivary biomarker (rPagSP02 + rPagSP06) in a CL-endemic population. Sera from 546 healthy individuals, 30 CL patients, and 15 non-endemic individuals were collected. Western blot analysis of Ph. argentipes SGH identified immunogenic bands between 15 kDa and 67 kDa, with bands of predicted molecular weight ∼of 15 kDa (SP02) and ∼28–30 kDa (SP06) as the major antibody targets. Indirect ELISAs using SGH or rPagSP02 + rPagSP06 antigens showed high sensitivity (96.7%) and specificity (100%), detecting comparable seropositivity in endemic populations. rPagSP02 + rPagSP06 exhibited enhanced discriminatory ability, supported by a strong positive correlation (r = 0.869) with SGH. Our findings indicate that the composite rPagSP02 + rPagSP06 salivary biomarker effectively identifies Ph. argentipes exposure in individuals living in Sri Lanka, showing promising potential for use in surveillance. These findings should be further validated to confirm the epidemiological applications in leishmaniasis-endemic regions.
Childbearing Attitude and Factors Affecting Permanence of Single Childbearing in women with only One Child of Reproductive Age Referred to Comprehensive Health Centers
Authors: Lotfizadeh Masoud , Fatahian Fatemeh
Published: July 2024

Background: In recent years, the prevalence of single-child families has increased. Considering the social, psychological, and health implications associated with single childbearing, it is essential to explore why families have shifted from having multiple children to having only one child. This study aims to investigate childbearing attitudes and identify factors influencing the permanence of single childbearing among women with only one child of reproductive age.
Materials and Methods: This study used a descriptive-correlation type. A total of 368 individuals were included in this study using a multistage cluster classification sampling method. The questionnaire used included demographic characteristics, childbearing attitude and factors affecting permanence single childbearing that included 5 sections: employment, previous experiences of pregnancy and childbirth, religious beliefs about having children, the status of couples' relationships, and women's empowerment. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 24 for descriptive statistics, linear regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test, and ANOVA.
Results: Women’s employment status, previous experiences of fertility and childbirth, and religious beliefs about having children significantly influenced their childbearing attitude (p<0.05). Employment status had a stronger association with childbearing attitude. women's field of study, income, housing status and type of residence also had a significant relationship with childbearing attitude (p<0.05).
Discussion: Population policymakers and health planners should develop effective strategies to encourage informed decision-making regarding single-child families. Understanding the factors influencing childbearing attitudes can guide interventions aimed at promoting family well-being and reproductive health.
Lightweight mechanical equipment fault diagnosis framework based on GCGAN-MDSCNN-ICA Model
Authors: Liu Longyi , Zhao Yanqing , Hu Yi , Ma Yongze , Zhang Xiyang
Published: July 2024

In response to the challenges posed by imbalanced failure diagnosis samples, limited labeled data, and significant computational costs in actual industrial production settings, this paper introduces a high-precision, low-resource, end-to-end fault diagnosis framework. On one hand, we propose a data augmentation method based on GCGAN, which combines CNN and GRU to construct core network structures for the generator and discriminator. We integrate a novel Smoothed Hinge-Cross-Entropy loss function to facilitate the training process, effectively mitigating mode collapse and vanishing gradient issues. On the other hand, we design a lightweight fault diagnosis model based on MDSCNN-ICA-BiGRU. By substituting standard convolutions with depthwise separable convolutions on deeper channels, the model complexity is significantly reduced, facilitating effective extraction of multiscale spatial features. The improved Coordinate Attention (CA) mechanism filters out noise and enhances the extraction of high-frequency characteristics. Combined with BiGRU, the model captures global temporal associations, achieving a fusion of spatiotemporal features. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach performs well on both publicly available simulation datasets and private laboratory datasets. Compared to other benchmark methods, the GCGAN module significantly enhances data augmentation, improving classification accuracy on CNNs by 10%. When compared with classic convolutional networks such as DRSN and WDCNN, our MDSCNN-ICA-BiGRU shows faster and more stable convergence rates, with near-100% accuracy on test sets and an average computation cost reduction of approximately 70%. Even in noisy environments, our method maintains high accuracy with a slow rate of precision decay, indicating robustness and generalization capabilities.
Impact of contrast-enhanced CT in the dosimetry of SBRT for liver metastases treated with MR-Linac
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Mingzhe , Yang Feng , Liu Yanhua , Wang Shoulong , Chen Yazhen , Li Ji , Wang Xianliang , Orlandini Lucia Clara
Published: July 2024

Background: To investigate the impact of using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CHCT) in the dosimetry of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for liver metastases treated with MR-Linac.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 21 liver cancer patients treated with SBRT (50Gy in 5 fractions) using a 1.5 Tesla Unity MR-Linac. The clinical treatment plans optimised on plain computed tomography (pCT) were used as reference. The electronic density (ED) of regions of interest (ROIs) including the liver, duodenum, esophagus, spinal cord, heart, ribs, and lungs, from pCT and CHCT, was analysed. The average ED of each ROI from CHCT was used to generate synthetic CT (sCT) images by assigning the average ED value from the CHCT to the pCT. Clinical plans were recalculated on sCT images. Dosimetric comparisons between the original treatment plan (TPpCT) and the sCT plan (TPsCT) were performed using dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters, and gamma analysis.
Results: Significant ED differences (p<0.05) were observed in the liver, great vessels, heart, lungs, and spinal cord between CHCT and pCT, with the lungs showing the largest differences (average deviation of 11.73% and 12.15 % for the left and right lung, respectively). The target volume covered by the prescribed dose (VDpre), and the dose received by 2% and 98% of the volume (D2%, and D98%,respectively) showed statistical differences (p < 0.05), while the gradient index (GI) and the conformity index (CI) did not. Average deviations in target volume dosimetric parameters were below 1.02%, with a maximum deviation of 5.57% for Dmin. For the organs at risk (OARs), significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for D_0.35cc and D1.2cc of the spinal cord, D_10cc for the stomach, D0.5cc for the heart, and D30% for the liver-GTV, with mean deviations lower than 1.83% for all the above OARs. Gamma analysis using 2%-2mm criteria yielded a median value of 95.64 % (range 82.22% to 99.65%) for the target volume and 99.40 % (range 58% to 100%) for the OARs.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that using CHCT in the SBRT workflow for liver metastases may result in minor target volume overdosage. This potential discrepancy suggests that CHCT should not be adopted as a standard practice in clinical settings.
Oral Cancer-derived miR-762 Suppresses T Cell Infiltration and Activation by Horizontally Inhibition of CXCR3 Expression
Authors: Peng Hsuan-Yu , Chang Chia-Wei , Wu Ping-Hsiu , Li Li-Jie , Lin Yu-Lung , Lee Hsin-Lun , Hsiao Michael , Chang Jang-Yang , Chang Peter Mu-Hsin , Chang Wei-Min
Published: July 2024

Oral cancer is an immune cold tumor characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment with low cytotoxic activity to eliminate tumor cells. Tumor escape is one of the initial steps in cancer development. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of cancer escape can help researchers develop new treatment strategies. In this study, we found that the oral oncogenic miR-762 can suppress T-cell recruitment and cytotoxic activation in the tumor microenvironment through horizontal transmission from oral cancer cells to adaptive immune T-cells. This horizontal transmission of miR-762 directly suppresses CXCR3 expression in T-cells, inhibiting CXCR3-induced T-cell migration and downstream T-cell cytotoxic activity by disrupting AKT activation. Additionally, miR-762 transmission suppressed T-cell activation marker expression, T-cell proliferation, IL-12 secretion, and T-cell cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our findings reveal a novel miR-762/CXCR3 axis that regulates the immunosuppressive microenvironment in oral cancer and may be a potential RNA-targeted therapeutic approach to restore the anti-tumor immune response in oral cancer immunotherapy.
The acute effects of exercise-induced energy restriction on physical activity energy expenditure in men and women with overweight and obesity
Authors: Arcon Matevz , Cameron Andrea
Published: July 2024

Background
Exercise-induced energy expenditure (ExEE) is commonly adopted as a mean to volitional body mass loss. ExEE can also modulate physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and potentially hinder rate of body mass loss. The detrimental effect of ExEE on PAEE may be more prevalent in women than in men.
Aims
This study was to investigate the sex differences in regulation of PAEE and body mass change following an acute exercise-induced perturbation in energy balance.
Methods
In this 3-week study, 4 men and 6 women with body mass index (BMI) of 28.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2 were required to exercise on a leg ergometer, expending 15% of their total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in each exercise session of week two (Exercise week). Participants had to complete three exercise sessions within the same week and on non-consecutive days. PAEE was assessed via wrist-worn accelerometers over the entire study period. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition were measured at the beginning of the study.
Results
Men had significantly greater stature (p = 0.021), body mass (p = 0.035) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) (p = 0.01) than women. Whereas women body fat % was significantly greater than men (p = 0.004). At the end of the study, there was no significant difference body mass % change (p = 0.409) and ExEE (p = 0.91) between men and women. There was no significant main effect of time for PAEE (p = 0.613), or between sex (p = 0.470).
Conclusion
Three bouts of ExEE performed within the same week did not alter PAEE in men and women with overweight and obesity.
Feasibility study of the e-learning version of the “Journey of the Brave”: A universal anxiety prevention program based on cognitive behavioral therapy
Authors: Ohashi Shoichi , Urao Yuko , Fujiwara Kazumasa , Koshiba Takako , Ishikawa Shin-ichi , Shimizu Eiji
Published: July 2024

Background
School-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) programs could contribute toward preventing anxiety disorders in children. However, setting aside class time for such programs is difficult. Internet-based CBT (I-CBT) is an efficient way to provide CBT. However, studies on I-CBT for anxiety prevention are still scarce, including I-CBT for school-based universal prevention programs. Therefore, we developed an e-learning version of a school-based anxiety prevention CBT program “Journey of the Brave,” which was effective in Japan, to make it more flexible and accessible. This study evaluated its feasibility.
Methods
We conducted a single-arm study with 44 parents and children. Children aged 10–12 took the e-learning program at home. Parents and children responded to a questionnaire three times: before the learning (Pre), after the learning (Post), and three months later (FU: Follow-up). Feasibility was comprehensively evaluated through dropout rates, satisfaction and learning records, and changes in scores on psychological scales.
Results
Of the 44 children, 42 started the e-learning, and 32 continued it (dropout rate of 23.8%). Furthermore, 83.9% of children and 96.8% of parents responded “agree” or “somewhat agree” regarding overall satisfaction. The parent-rated the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) (SCAS-P) showed a significant decrease between Pre and FU (p = 0.014, 95%CI= (-9.22, -0.84)); however, the child-rated SCAS (SCAS-C) did not (p = 0.08). The Emotion‑Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ) also increased significantly between Pre and FU (p = 0.045, 95%CI= (0.18, 18.31)). Total Difficulties Score of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) decreased significantly from Pre to Post (p = 0.025, 95%CI= (-3.62, -0.19)); however, it was not significantly different between Pre and FU (p = 0.67).
Conclusion
The e-learning version showed low dropout rates and high satisfaction ratings from parents and children. Moreover, this study did not rule out the possibility that the program reduced children's anxiety and improved their emotional regulation skills. Therefore, its potential and feasibility were indicated.
Pore-throat structure, fractal characteristics and permeability prediction of tight sandstone: the Yanchang Formation, Southeast Ordos Basin
Authors: Zhang Huanmeng , Guo Ling , Wu Zhiyu , Ma Jiangbo
Published: July 2024

As a typical tight reservoir and an important site for unconventional hydrocarbon accumulation, the Chang 6 member of the Yanchang Formation is characterized by complex pore structures and strong heterogeneity. Analysing and characterizing the pore-throat structure quantitatively holds significant importance in optimizing oil recovery processes. To clarify the nonhomogeneity and structural characteristics of the pore throats in the southeastern Ordos Basin, tight sandstone from the Chang 6 member was selected for analysis. Casting thin section (CTS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) analyses were conducted.
According to the results, we found that intergranular pores, feldspar-dissolved pores, intergranular-dissolved pores, and microfractures were the predominant pore types found within the samples. By combining the results of MICP analysis with those of fractal theory, the pore-throat structure of each sample can be categorized into two types: large-scale and small-scale. Fractal theory was employed to quantitatively characterize the complex and irregular pore-throat structure of the reservoir. The average fractal dimension of large pores (D1) was 2.8094, whereas for small pores (D2), it was slightly lower than that of D1, averaging 2.5325. These findings underscore that large-scale pore-throat structures are more complex and exhibit greater heterogeneity. Compared with those of large pores, the pore-throat structure parameters of small pores exhibit a more significant correlation with reservoir properties and fractal dimensions. Therefore, small pores are the primary contributors to the reservoir storage pace and are key factors influencing the pore-throat structure of the Chang 6 tight sandstone. Based on the pore-throat radius and considering the influence of fractal characteristics on the pore structure, a nonlinear permeability prediction model was created using multiple regression analysis. Among these equations, the pore-throat radius corresponding to a mercury saturation of 40% (r40) emerged as the most effective predictor of permeability for tight sandstone.
Rare atypical type A thymoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Qin Liling , Wang Fanrong , Chen Liqiao , Li Tao , Wang Gang , Zhou Ning
Published: July 2024

Background
An atypical type A thymoma variant was recently added to the World Health Organization classification of type A thymoma in 2015. This novel form of type A thymoma presents with hypercellularity, increased mitotic activity, and necrosis. In particular, necrosis seems to be related to postoperative recurrence and metastasis, but the clinical significance of these changes still needs to be studied.
Case presentation:
A 76-year-old man underwent thoracoscopic surgery for tumour resection due to an anterior mediastinal mass. Pathological examination revealed that the tumour invaded the surrounding thymic tissue. Cells were arranged in nest-like and whirl-like patterns, accompanied by prominent comedo-like necrosis, increased cell density, mild atypia, and a mitotic count of 4–6 per 10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive expression of cytokeratin 19 and P63 in the tumour cells. Lymphocytes in the background were positive for CD3 and CD5, did not express terminal deoxynucleotide transferase, CD20, or CD117, and had an MBI-1 labelling index value of 15%. On the basis of these findings, the tumour was finally diagnosed as an atypical type A thymoma variant.
Conclusions
We report a case of atypical type A thymoma and review the literature to enhance our understanding of and provide accumulated pathological data on this rare disease.
High-temperature oxidation behavior of the as-cast and cold-rolled alumina-forming austenitic steels at 800 °C
Authors: Zhu Ke , Zhang Fujian , Xu Shixin , Zhang Zhimin , Feng Ke , Guo Ning
Published: July 2024

The high-temperature oxidation behavior and oxidation mechanism of as-cast and cold-rolled (20%CR and 60%CR) AFA steels in dry air at 800°C were studied. The phase composition, morphology, microstructure, element distribution, and oxidation kinetics of oxidized steel were characterized and analyzed. The results show that the mass gains of both as-cast and cold-rolled samples increase rapidly within the first 100 h. During the subsequent long-term high-temperature oxidation process, the mass gains of as-cast and 60%CR samples slowly increase, while the mass gain of 20%CR AFA steel fluctuates greatly. The oxide layer comprises an outer oxide layer rich in (Fe,Cr) oxide and an inner oxide layer rich in Al2O3. The reduction in the oxidation resistance of AFA steel under small deformation is because defects such as dislocations introduced by deformation provide more channels for the diffusion of atoms, while the reason for the improvement under large deformation is that more δ-ferrite and precipitated B2-NiAl phase can promote the rapid formation of Al2O3 film and reduce further oxidation of the matrix. However, because of the formation of aluminum oxide film on the surface of the samples, both as-cast and cold-rolled AFA steels exhibit complete oxidation resistance at 800°C.
Enhancing deep convolutional neural network models for orange quality classification using MobileNetV2 and data augmentation techniques
Authors: Huong Phan Thi , Hien Lam Thanh , Son Nguyen Minh , Nguyen Thanh Q.
Published: July 2024

This study introduces significant improvements in the construction of Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) models for classifying agricultural products, specifically oranges, based on their shape, size, and color. Utilizing the MobileNetV2 architecture, this research leverages its efficiency and lightweight nature, making it suitable for mobile and embedded applications. Key techniques such as Depthwise Separable Convolutions, Linear Bottlenecks, and Inverted Residuals help reduce the number of parameters and computational load while maintaining high performance in feature extraction. Additionally, the study employs comprehensive data augmentation methods, including horizontal and vertical flips, grayscale transformations, hue adjustments, brightness adjustments, and noise addition to enhance the model's robustness and generalization capabilities. The proposed model demonstrates superior performance, achieving an overall accuracy of 100% with nearly perfect precision, recall, and F1-score for both "orange_good" and "orange_bad" classes, significantly outperforming previous models which typically achieved accuracies between 70–90%. The confusion matrix shows that the model has high sensitivity and specificity, with very few misclassifications. Finally, this study empresentasizes the practical applicability of the proposed model, particularly its easy deployment on resource-constrained devices and its effectiveness in agricultural product quality control processes. These findings affirm the model in this research as a reliable and highly efficient tool for agricultural product classification, surpassing the capabilities of traditional models in this field.
Dynamic chromatin accessibility and transcriptome changes following PDGF-BB treatment of bone- marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Liu Sheng , Chu Xiaona , Reiter Jill L. , Yu Xuhong , Fang Fang , McGuire Patrick , Gao Hongyu , Liu Yunlong , Wan Jun , Wang Yue
Published: July 2024

Background
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are under investigation for use in clinical trials because they are capable of self-renewal and differentiating into different cell types under defined conditions. Nonetheless, the therapeutic effects of MSCs have been constrained by low engraftment rates, cell fusion, and cell survival. Various strategies have been explored to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB emerging as a promising candidate. To enhance our comprehension of the impact of PDGF-BB on the gene expression profile and chromosomal accessibility of MSCs, RNA-sequencing and analysis of chromatin accessibility profiles were conducted on three human primary MSCs in culture, both with and without stimulation by PDGF-BB.
Results
Integrative analysis of gene expression and chromatin accessibility demonstrated that PDGF-BB treatment modified the chromatin accessibility landscape, marking regions for activation or repression through the AP-1 family transcription factors TEAD, CEBP, and RUNX2. These changes in AP1 transcription factor expression, in turn, led to cell proliferation and differentiation potential towards osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes. The degree of MSC differentiation varies among cells isolated from different donors. The presence of an enrichment of exosome-related genes is also noted among all the differentially expressed genes.
Conclusions
In conclusion, the observed changes in AP1 transcription factor expression not only induced cellular proliferation and differentiation, but also revealed variations in the degree of MSC differentiation based on donor-specific differences. Moreover, the enrichment of exosome-related genes among differentially expressed genes suggests a potential significant role for PDGF-BB in facilitating intercellular communication.
FH-DETR A faster helmet detection transformer for small, complex, confusion two-wheeler helmet
Authors: Liu Liwei , Yue Xinbo , Lu Ming , He Pingge
Published: July 2024

The field of helmet detection faces challenges due to small targets, complex backgrounds, and confusion with neighboring objects. This paper proposes a faster real-time two-wheeler helmet detection model based on the Real-Time Detection Transformer (RT-DETR) to address these issues. Faster Helmet-DETR (FH-DETR) includes a new FasterRepConvRBlock (FRBlock) structure designed using model re-parameterization techniques to improve detection performance while meeting real-time requirements for practical applications. Additionally, the proposal introduces a Mixed local channel attention (MLCA) module to address the issue of object confusion with neighboring objects. The module combines channel and spatial information, as well as local and global information, resulting in a significant improvement in network performance.A new module called the Cross-Stage Partial Parallel Atrous Convolution (CSPPAC) is proposed to increase the receptive field. This is achieved by using convolutions with different atrous rates to capture multi-scale information and enhance feature representation. Furthermore, the detection performance for small-sized helmet objects is improved through the use of a new channel-gated up-sampling and down-sampling technique to strengthen meaningful features and suppress redundant and irrelevant features. The experimental results indicate that FH-DETR enhances the mAP50 by 2.3\% and increases the FPS to 141.3 on the helmet dataset. These improvements significantly enhance the model's capability in detecting small objects and dense scenes, meeting the real-time requirement while ensuring detection accuracy. FH-DETR provides an effective solution for the real-time detection of two-wheeler helmets.