bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Path morphological alterations in sheep with scrapie: light and electron microscopy
Authors: Надточей Григорий , Nadtochey Grigoriy , Вангели Сергей , Vangeli Sergey , Стаффорд Виктория , Stafford Viktoriya
Published: November 2019

In Russia sporadic сases of scrapie in sheep of Romanov breed registered from the beginning of 1980s. However the scrapie agent characteristics have not been studied. In case the BSE agent is introduced into Russia it may be recognized as sheep scrapie, while the BSE agent is very dangerous from social and economic points of view.

The purpose of investigations. To study path-morphological and submicroscopic changes in ovine brain tissues in experimental infections with scrapie agent (BT-91 strain) isolated from Romanov sheep.

Materials and methods. The BT-91 strain isolated from a Romanov sheep was used in our experiments. Eight merinos lambs were used. The animals were orally infected with partially purificated brain homogenate from a sheep with scrapie. Pathological changes in the brain tissues were studied using routine methods of light and electron microscopy.

Results. The incubation period was on average 568 days. The clinical symptoms were typical of CNS infection. Pathogistological changes were seen as spongiform encephalopathy in light microscopy. Ultrastructural changes in the brain tissues were seen as mass formations in the nerve cell cytoplasm multivesicular structures, autophagosomes, membrane changes, and dystrophy of cell organelles.

Conclusion. The BT-91 strain causes clinical symptoms and histopathological changes in the CNS of sheep typical to classical scrapie.
Perbedaan Kualitas Tidur Bayi Usia 3-12 Bulan yang Dilakukan Baby Spa dan Tidak Dilakukan Baby Spa
Authors: Candraini Eka Trilova , Fitriana Lala Budi
Published: November 2019

Baby spa merupakan salah satu cara untuk menangani masalah gangguan tidur pada bayi. Dari hasil studi pendahuluan didapatkan 6 orang tua bayi yang membawa anaknya ke Dhian Baby Spa mengatakan setelah dilakukan baby spa bayinya menjadi tidur lelap. Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan di Posyandu Desa Minomartani 6 orang tua bayi mengatakan anaknya sering rewel ketika malam hari dan sering terbangun. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas tidur bayi usia 3-12 bulan yang dilakukan baby spa dan tidak dilakukan baby spa di Desa Minormatani Kecamatan Ngaglik Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Experiment dengan desain two group pretest and posttest with control group design. Teknik sampling yang digunakan Total Sampling, jumlah responden yaitu sebanyak 40 responden untuk 2 kelompok. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Brief Sleep Indext Quistionarre (BISQ). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Mann-Withney. Hasil uji statistik dengan uji Mann-Withney menunjukkan nilai mean kelompok kontrol yaitu 70,67 dan kelompok intervensi yaitu 92,99 dengan nilai p-value = 0,000. Ada Perbedaan Kualitas Tidur bayi usia 3-12 bulan yang dilakukan baby spa dan tidak dilakukan baby spa di Desa Minomartani Kecamatan Ngaglik Kabupaten Sleman Yogyakarta. Kata Kunci : baby spa, kualitas tidur, bayi usia 3-12 bulanSleep Quality Differences Between Babies Aged 3-12 Month who Got the Baby Spa and Those Who didn’t Get the Baby Spa AbstractBaby spa is one of the methods to treat sleep disorder in babies. Results of a preliminary study showed that parents of six babies who took their children to ‘Dhian’ baby spa stated that their babies can sleep easily. Based on a preliminary study at Minomartani Health Service found out that parents of six babies stated that their children often cried at night and were easily awaken when sleeping. The aim of the study was to know determine sleep quality differences between babies aged 3-12 month who got the baby spa and those who didn’t get the baby spa in Minomartani Village, Ngaglik District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. This is a quasi-experiment research with a two group pretest and posttest with control group design. The research samples were selected using a total sampling technique, 40 respondents were involved in this research, they were divided into two groups. The research instruments used were the Brief Sleep Index Questionnaires (BISQ). The collected data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney’s test. A statistics test using Mann-Whitney’s test showed that the mean value of the control group was 70.67, and the intervention group’s value was 92.99, with a p-value = 0.000. There is a significant difference in sleep quality in babies aged 3-12 month who got the baby spa and those who didn’t get the baby spa in Minomartani Village, Ngaglik District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. Keyword : baby spa, sleep quality, babies aged 3-12 months
Pengaruh Edukasi melalui Media Video terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Keluarga tentang Pneumonia pada Balita
Authors: Sari Nopa Purnama , Angelina Ria , Fauziah Liliek
Published: November 2019

Pneumonia merupakan peradangan pada parenkim paru yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri atau virus. Edukasi adalah proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi pada peserta didik dan mewujudkan proses pembelajaran yang lebih baik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh edukasi melalui media video terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap keluarga mengenai Pneumonia pada Balita di Puskesmas Caringin Kota Bandung. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pre-Experimen one group pretest posttest eksperimen. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara cros sectional, jumlah sampel 41 responden. Hasil analisis uji wilcoxon untuk variabel pengetahuan didapatkan nilai p-value (0,000) < (0,5) dan variabel sikap didapatkan nilai p-value (0,439) > (0,5). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh edukasi melalui media video terhadap pengetahuan dan tidak ada pengaruh terhadap sikap keluarga mengenai pneumonia pada balita di Puskesmas Caringin Kota Bandung. Melalui hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan petugas kesehatan dapat menjalankan perannya sebagai educator dan pemberian penyuluhan kesehatan lebih lanjut tentang pneumonia pada balita, agar masyarakat dapat lebih mengenali pneumonia pada balita dan dapat membuat keputusan yang tepat dalam menangani balita sakit. Kata Kunci : pengetahuan, sikap, edukasi media video, pneumoniaThe Effect of Education Through Video Media to Knowledge and Attitude of The Family about Pneumonia AbstractPneumonia is an inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Education is a learning process that aims to develop the potential in learners and realize a better learning process. The purpose of this study to see the effect of education through video media to knowledge and attitude of the family about Pneumonia in Toddlers in Caringin Health Center Bandung. The design of this study used pre-experiment one group pretest posttest experiment. Sampling technique is cros sectional, total sample 41 respondents. Result of wilcoxon test analysis for knowledge variable got p-value (0,000) <(0,5) and attitude variable got p-value (0,439)> (0,5).  It can be concluded that there is influence of education through video media to knowledge and there is no influence to family attitude about pneumonia in toddler at Caringin Health Center Bandung. Through the results of this study, it is expected that health workers can perform their role as educator and provide further health education about pneumonia in toddlers, so that people can better recognize pneumonia in toddlers and can make the right decision in handling sick children. Keyword : knowledge, attitude, video media education, pneumonia
Low Socio Economic Status Risk Improving Attention Deficit and Hiperactivity Disorder in Preschoolers
Authors: Setianingsih Setianingsih , Novi Rachmawati , Juniarsih Juniarsih
Published: November 2019

Socioeconomic status of person has an important role to child development. Social economy can affect physical health, mental wellbeing and cognitive development. One of the growing disorders of attention disorder and hyperactivity disorder was characterized by hyperactive, impulsive and lack of attention. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship of socioeconomic status of parents at risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to preschoolers in Klaten District. This study uses categorical comparative design with cross sectional approach. Respondents of this study were 84, that divided into two places, there were ABA TK Lor Sabrang Trucuk and TKIT Mutiara Hati so that every kindergarten 42 respondents obtained by purposive sampling. Data was collection by filling the instrument. Bivariate  analysis using test Chi Square. The results showed the average age of respondents were 5.25 years. The sex of the respondents is mostly male as many as 47 children or 56.0%. Test results Chi square show there is a relationship of socio-economic status of parents with ADHD (p = 0.036) and there is a different between low socioeconomic status and high that lower socioeconomic status is a risk of ADHD (25,6%) compared with high socioeconomic status (6,7%). There is a negative relationship between socioeconomic status and the risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in pre-school age children.
Effectiveness of brain gym and writing therapy in behavioral hyperactivity on pre school-age children with ADHD in school for children with special needs (SLB) ABCD kuncup mas of Banyumas
Authors: Anggraeni Atika Dhiah , Suherman Suherman , Sutini Titin
Published: November 2019

ADHD is a condition common in children manifested with less concern , impulsive , and hiperaktifitas who do not according to the development of. The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of write therapy and brain gym to the behavior of preschool hyperactivity in children with ADHD. Design research quasy-eksperiment approach in pre- posttest without control group design for 12 children aged pre schools were using total of sampling. This research instruments SPPAHI use of the instruments. Statistical tests use the different 2 mean. The results of the study showed there is a difference in the effectiveness of brain the gym and therapeutic writing in behavior hiperaktivitas children aged pre schools with ADHD ( p value 0,007 ).This research could be one of alternative intervention nursing mandiri that can be done to deal with the behavior hiperaktif children adhd good at the school and home.
Status Ekonomi dan Tingkat Pendidikan Orangtua dengan Kejadian Verbal Abuse pada Anak Usia Pra Sekolah
Authors: Iqomh Muhammad Khabib Burhanuddin , Susanti Yulia , Pratiwi Eka Nurul
Published: November 2019

Verbal abuse merupakah hambatan untuk mencapai perkembangan anak. Pengalaman mendapatkan Verbal abuse akan memengaruhi kualitas hidup anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan status ekonomi dan pekerjaan dengan verbal abuse  pada anak usia prasekolah. Desain penelitian menggunakan korelasi deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 200 orang tua dengan anak-anak usia pra-sekolah terdiri dari 100 ibu dan 100 ayah menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel acak. Mengumpulkan data penelitian menggunakan kuesioner pengembangan teori verbal abuse. Lokasi penelitian di Kecamatan Bandengan, Kabupaten Kendal, Kota Kendal. Usia responden berkisar antara 21-39 tahun, mayoritas berpenghasilan tinggi (67%), tingkat pendidikan sebagian besar lulusan sekolah menengah (54%). Tidak ada hubungan antara status ekonomi dan peristiwa verbal abuse dengan nilai p 0,366 (p> 0,05), ada hubungan antara pendidikan dan verbal abuse yang dilakukan oleh ibu dengan nilai p 0,035 (p <0,05), tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan dilakukan oleh ayah dengan kejadian verbal abuse dengan nilai p 0,438 (p> 0,05). Kata Kunci: Status ekonomi, Pendidikan, verbal abuseRelationship of Economic and Educational Status with Verbal Abuse in Preschool Age ChildrenAbstractVerbal abuse is a barrier to achieving development in children. The experience of getting Verbal abuse will affect the quality of life of children. The study design used descriptive correlation with a cross sectional approach. The number of samples of 200 parents with pre-school age children consisted of 100 mothers and 100 fathers using random sampling techniques. Collecting research data using a verbal abuse theory development questionnaire. Research location in Bandengan Sub-District, Kendal District, Kendal City. Age of respondents ranged from 21-39 years, the majority were high income (67%), the education level was mostly high school graduates (54%). There is no relationship between economic status and verbal abuse events with p value 0.366 (p> 0.05), There is a relationship between education and verbal abuse occurrences carried out by mothers with p value 0.035 (p <0.05), There is no relationship between education conducted by the father with verbal abuse events with p value 0.438 (p> 0.05). The recommendation for further research is to see the effects of verbal abuse with children's development.Key Words: Economic Status, Education, Verbal Abuse
Gambaran Perkembangan Komunikasi Anak Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS)
Authors: Susanti Tri Retno Indah , Erawati Meira , Nurniningsih Dwi Retno
Published: November 2019

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) adalah gangguan perkembangan multisistem yang dikaitkan dengan gangguan kognitif, malformasi dan gangguan wajah internal yang khas. Gangguan perkembangan yang terjadi pada Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) adalah keterampilan berbahasa dan berbicara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat peningkatan perkembangan komunikasi anak Sindrom Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) setelah diberi intervensi  play therapy dan terapi wicaradengan menggunakan media gambar dan warna. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus. Alat yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan bahasa menggunakan DENVER II. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada 9 November 2018, anak berusia 3 tahun, 9 bulan, 3 hari dengan diagnosis medis Sindrom Cornelia de Lange (CdLS) dengan keluhan anak belum bisa bicara. Hasil pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan terdapat bentuk khas yaitu alis mata menyatu ditengah, bulu mata panjang, terdapat juga kriteria minor. Hasil pemeriksaan DENVER II dari bahasa, anak masih seperti anak usia 18 bulan.  Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi setelah 1 bulan tindakan keperawatan dan kolaborasi dengan terapis, telah terjadi peningkatan komunikasi anak.Kata kunci: Cornelia de Lang Syndrome, Peningkatan perkembangan, terapi wicara.Description of Communication Development in Children with Cornelia De Lange Syndrome (Cdls)AbstractCornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem developmental disorder that is associated with cognitive impairments, malformations and internal and typical facial disorders. Developmental disorders that occur in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) are language skills and speech. The purpose of this study was to see the speed of communication development of children of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS), after being given an intervention. Improve conversation by using play therapy using image and color media. The methodology of this research uses case study design. The tool used to measure the ability language use the DENVER II. Based on the results of the study on November 9, 2018, children aged 3 years, 9 months, 3 days with a medical diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) were obtained with a comparison of children unable to speak. From the results of physical examination, there are typical forms, namely spies in the middle, long eyelashes, also there are minor criteria. The results of DENVER II examination of various children's languages are still like 18 months old children. Based on the evaluation results after 1 month of nursing actions and collaboration with the therapist, there has been an increase in communication of children with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS).Key words: Cornelia de Lang Syndrome, Increased development, Speech therapy
Gambaran Kecerdasan Emosional Orang Tua yang mempunyai Anak Autis
Authors: Setyawan Dody , Larasati Dinna Puri
Published: November 2019

Orang tua dari anak autis memiliki stres yang lebih tinggi daripada mereka yang memiliki anak dengan kebutuhan khusus lainnya. Tingkat stres yang tinggi pada orang tua dapat mengganggu emosi mereka pada anak. Emosi yang tidak terkendali dapat menyebabkan anak memiliki harga diri yang rendah dan menarik diri dari lingkungan. Dampak negatif ini dapat diminimalisir ketika orang tua memiliki kecerdasan emosi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kecerdasan emosional orang tua anak autis di Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif survei menggunakan kuesioner kecerdasan emosional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling, yang melibatkan 91 orang tua sebagai responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas orang tua dari anak-anak dengan autisme memiliki tingkat kecerdasan emosi yang sedang (72,5%). Temuan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan oleh para pemangku kepentingan untuk memberikan dukungan program kepada orang tua untuk berbagi pengalaman dan memberikan dukungan di antara orang tua anak-anak dengan autisme.Kata Kunci: Autis, kecerdasan intelektual, orang tuaDescribe the Emotional Intelligence of the Parents of Children with AutismAbstractParents of children with autism have higher stress than those who have children with other special needs. High levels of stress in these parents can disturb their emotion towards the children. An uncontrolled emotion can caused the children to have a low self-esteem and withdraw themselves from their environment. These negative impacts can be minimized when the parents have good emotional intelligence. This study aimed to describe the emotional intelligence of the parents of children with autism in Semarang. This study used descriptive design of the survey using a questionnaire of emotional intelligence. The sampling technique used was total sampling, which involved 91 parents as the respondents. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis. The results showed that the majority of the parents of children with autism had a moderate level of emotional intelligence (72.5%). The findings in this study are expected to be a consideration by the stakeholders to provide program support to parents to share experiences and provide support among those parents of children with autism.Key Words: Autism, Emotional intelligence, parent
ANALISA PENGARUH MEDITATION THERAPY TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA DIABETESI
Authors: Audria Tanty Febriana , Retnaningsih Dwi , - Tamrin
Published: November 2019

Background: The condition of the body when relaxation can affect blood glucose levels. The result of preliminary study in February 2018 in the working area of Puskesmas Mijen of Semarang City, obtained data that Diabetesi type 1 as many as 20 peoples. While people with Diabetesi type 2 as many as 89 peoples. Non pharmacology intervention is important to do in an effort to prevent the increase in blood glucose levels, one of them with Meditation Therapy. The aim of this study to determine the effect of Meditation Therapy to a Blood glucose Levels on Diabetesi In the work area of Puskesmas Mijen of Semarang City.Methods: quasy experiment with pretest and post-test without control group design. This sampling techniques are using Cluster sampling technique with combination of Stratified Sampling. The amount of sample are 30 respondents with the estimated drop out 10% to 33 respondents. A guide to do Meditation Therapy using the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) Meditation Therapy by Theo (2014).This data collection with observation sheet. The data were tested for normality test by using Saphiro Wilk test and analyzed by using Paired t test.Results: After normality test of the data obtained the result that the data were normally distributed so statistical test carried out with Paired t test is known as p-value (sig.2-tailed) = 0,000 which means smaller than a = (0.05). So that, H0 refused and Ha accepted.Conclusions: There is an Effect of Meditation Therapy to a Blood glucose Levels of Diabetesi In Working Area of Puskesmas Mijen of Semarang City.
Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Primigravida dalam Menghadapi Persalinan Ditinjau dari Usia Ibu dan Sosial Ekonomi
Authors: Aniroh Umi , Fatimah Riris Fatma
Published: November 2019

ABSTRAK Latar belakang : Rasa cemas pada ibu primigravida timbul akibat kekhawatiran akan proses kelahiran yang aman untuk dirinya dan bayinya. Faktor usia dan sosial ekonomi merupakan faktor  yang dapat mempengaruhi kecemasan pada ibu hamil. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan usia dan  sosial ekonomi dengan tingkat kecemasan ibu primigravida dalam menghadapi persalinan.Metode : Jenis penelitian analitik korelasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel sebanyak 56 ibu hamil. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling.  Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner untuk mengukur usia ibu, sosial ekonomi dan tingkat kecemasan. Analisa data menggunakan Chi- Square ( α 0,05).Hasil : Ibu primigravida lebih banyak  berusia 20-35 tahun  terdapat 27 responden   (48%).   Sosial ekonomi rendah terdapat 56 responden (76,8%), ibu primigravida dengan kecemasan sedang terdapat 56 responden (58,9%). Ada hubungan antara usia dengan tingkat kecemasan ibu primigravida dalam menghadapi persalinan (p-value =0,043) dan sosial ekonomi dengan tingkat kecemasan ibu primigravida dalam menghadapi persalinan (p-value = 0,007).Simpulan : Ada hubungan antara usia  dan sosial ekonomi dengan tingkat kecemasan ibu primigravida dalam menghadapi persalinan. Kata Kunci      : Usia, Sosial Ekonomi, Tingkat Kecemasan, PrimigravidaKepustakaan   : 20 pustaka (2008-2017)
Family Support Tidak Mempengaruhi Tingkat Keparahan Preeklampsia Pada Ibu Hamil
Authors: Istioningsih Istioningsih
Published: November 2019

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia has increased and is still a national probem because it is far from the SDG’s target. This is caused by the incidence of pregnancy hypertension including preeclmpsia. Family has an important role to influence the health status of its members. The purpose of this study was to identify the existence of a family support with preeclampsia severity. This study a case control design using consecutive sampling with 80 respondents in Kendal, Central Java. Family support data collection using Preceivec Social Support Family Scale (PSS-Fa) instrument. The result of this study there is no relationship between Family Support and Preeclampsia severity with p-value 0,892. Future research can specify the type of support so it is not general and in-depth.
Efektivitas Edukasi Manajemen Mandiri dalam Pengendalian Kadar Glukosa Darah Diabetisi Tipe 2
Authors: Lestari Diana Tri , Anggarawati Tuti
Published: November 2019

Diabetes mellitus merupakan masalah yang kompleks karena berdampak pada aspek fisik, psikologi, dan sosial diabetesi. Salah satu upaya untuk merubah perilaku diabetesi adalah memberikan informasi yang adekuat tentang manajemen mandiri seperti pengaturan diet, latihan fisik, manajemen terapi, pemantauan kadar glukosa darah mandiri serta manajemen stress. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas edukasi manajemen mandiri dalam mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah pada diabetesi tipe 2. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksperimen kuasi dengan pendekatan pretest-posttest control group. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji paired t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa edukasi manajemen mandiri DM berpengaruh terhadap pengendalian kadar glukosa darah pada diabetesi tipe 2 kelompok intervensi dengan nilai 𝜌 = 0,004, ∝ < 0,05. Sementara pada hasil pengukuran pre dan post test kadar glukosa darah pada diabetesi tipe 2 kelompok kontrol tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dengan nilai 𝑝 =0.09, ∝>0,05. Rumah sakit dan layanan kesehatan primer disarankan untuk menerapkan edukasi manajemen mandiri supaya kualitas hidup diabetesi menjadi semakin lebih baik.
Efektivitas Akupresur Titik Hegu-Sangciu dan Kompres Air Hangat pada Leher terhadap Nyeri Post Intubasi di RSUD Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo
Authors: Mubarok Arif , Hidayat Asep , Febriyanto Suryo
Published: November 2019

Intubasi merupakan prosedur yang sering dilakukan di ruang Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Adanya intubasi juga mengakibatkan nyeri, prevalensi nyeri post intubasi terjadi sebesar 90% (Suhera Beevi, 2010). Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan stigma yang kurang baik pada penggunaan terapi farmakologi dalam mengatasi nyeri (Brown, 2014). Akupresur salah satu teknik pengobatan tradisional Cina yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan nyeri. Kompres hangat juga merupakan salah satu teknik dalam menurunkan intesitas nyeri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas akupresur titik hegu-sangciu dan kompres air hangat pada leher, terhadap penurunan nyeri pasien post intubasi. Metode penelitian ini adalah quasy experiment dengan desain non equivalen pre and post control. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan consecutive sampling. Sejumlah 20 responden yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk masing-masing kelompok perlakuan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah skala Non Verbal Pain Scale (NVPS). Pada analisis univariat data disajikan dalam bentuk distribusi frekuensi. Pada Analisis bivariat digunakan uji T berpasangan dengan nilai kemaknaan p < 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh intensitas nyeri yang bermakna sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan kompres hangat p=0.00 (p<0.05). Sebaliknya, didapatkan tidak ada pengaruh intensitas nyeri yang bermakna antara pengambilan data sebelum dan sesudah pada kelompok akupresur p=0.074 (p>0.05). Oleh karena itu, kompres hangat lebih disarankan untuk digunakan dalam mengatasi nyeri pasien post intubasi.
Perbedaan Saturasi Oksigen dan Respirasi Rate Pasien Congestive Heart Failure pada Perubahan Posisi
Authors: Khasanah Suci
Published: November 2019

ABSTRAK Penderita Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan meningkatnya kasus penyakit pada kardiovaskuler. Keluhan yang paling menonjol pada pasien dengan CHF adalah sesak nafas. Keluhan ini berhubungan dengan adanya edema paru akibat kegagalan jantung memompa darah keseluruh tubuh. Beberapa literatur dan hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa potitioning dapat mempengaruhi status pernafasan pasien dengan CHF.  Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan respirasi rate (RR) dan saturasi oksigen (SaO2) pada posisi head up, semi fowler dan fowler. Desain penelitian pra eksperimen pre post test series desain. sampel penderita CHF yang dirawat inap di RSUD Prof. DR Margono Soekarjo Purwokerto hari ke-2. Teknik sampling menggunakan consecutive sampling, dengan besar sampel 38. Teknik analisis yang digunakan univariat dengan tendency central dan analisis multivariate repeated ANOVA .Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dari  posisi head up ke semi fowler dan fowler rerata nilai SaO2 cenderung meningkat. Analisis multivariate menunjukan ada perbedaan hasil SaO2 antara  posisi tersebut (p value  0.002).  Perbedaan nilai SaO2 terlihat antara posisi head up dengan posisi fowler (p value 0,033). Dari posisi head up ke semi fowler RR cederung menurun, namun dari posisi semi fowler ke fowler cenderung menetap. Analisis multivariate menunjukan tidak  ada perbedaan nilai RR antara  posisi head up, semi fowler dan fowler. Kesimpulan ada perbedaan nilai  SaO2 pasien CHF  pada  posisi  head up, semi fowler dan fowler  bermkana secara statistik dan tidak  ada perbedaan nilai  RR  pasien CHF pada posisi  head up, semi fowler dan fowler Kata kunci : posisi, SaO2, RR
Pijat Kaki Efektif Menurunkan Foot Edema pada Penderita Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Authors: Kasron Kasron
Published: November 2019

Oedema kaki merupakan salah satu gejala pada pasien CHF. Oedema kaki dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup, ketidaknyamanan, perubahan postur tubuh, menurunkan mobilitas dan meningkatkan resiko jatuh, gangguan sensasi di kaki dan menyebabkan perlukaan di kulit. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pijat kaki terhadap penurunan oedema kaki pada pasien CHF. Metode penelitian menggunakan quasi-experiment dengan pendekatan pre-post test without control group. Responden penelitian adalah pasien CHF yang mengalami oedema kaki, pemilihan responden menggunakan non-probability sampling dengan metode accidental sampling. Responden diukur lingkar oedema pada lingkar angkle, instep dan MP-Joint menggunakan metline pada sebelum intervensi, hari pertama, kedua dan ketiga. Analisis statistik menggunakan wilcoxon test. Sejumlah 13 responden memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Pada kaki kanan lingkar angkle pre: 27,7±1,8, post 1: 27,6±1,8, post 2 27,5±1,7, post 3: 27,2±1,7, lingkar instep pre: 27,6±1,7, post 1: 27,6±1,8, post 2: 27,2±1,7, post 3: 26,9±1,7, lingkar MP-joint pre: 27,0±1,6, post 1: 27,0±1,6, post 1: 27,0±1,6, post 2: 26,7±1,7, post 3: 26,3±1,7. Kaki kiri lingkar angkle pre: 27,6±1,8, post 1: 27,6±1,8, post 2: 27,3±1,8, post 3: 27,0±1,8, lingkar instep pre: 27,6±1,7, post 1: 27,5±1,7, post 2: 27,2±1,7, post 3: 26,8±1,7, lingkar MP-joint pre: 27,0±1,6, post 1: 26,9±1,8, post 2: 26,5±1,8, post 3: 26,2±1,8. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna lingkar oedema pada kaki kanan setelah hari kedua dan ketiga dengan p-value <0,001. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah terdapat perbedaan lingkar oedema angkle, instep, dan MP-joint pada hari kedua dan ketiga setelah pemijatan kaki pada pasien CHF yang mengalami oedema kaki. Perlu penelitian lanjutan untuk penatalaksanaan oedema kaki pada pasien CHF yang mengalami oedema kaki.
Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil using Heterogeneous Base Catalyst
Authors: John Adedoyin Adeniyi , Emmanuel Abiodun Ogunniyi , Ifeanyichukwu Frank Okafor
Published: November 2019

In this study, the transesterification of Soya bean oil with methanol for biodiesel production was studied by using CaO–MgO as a heterogeneous base catalyst prepared by incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) and co-precipitation (CP) methods. The biodiesel produced was also characterized, the result was compared using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
Pengaruh Promosi Kesehatan Melalui Buku Praktis Kesehatan Ibu Hamil Preeklamsia Terhadap Pengetahuan Kader Kesehatan
Authors: Desmarnita Ulty , Mulyanti Yuli
Published: November 2019

Hypertension during pregnancy may lead to a serious condition called preeclampsia.Health cadre should be provided with information concerning identification of such risk. This study aimed to identify the impact of guidebook of pregnant woman with preeclampsia on knowledge and attitude in pregnant women in health cadre. The study design was quasi-experimental withnon-randomized pretest-posttest group control approach. This study involved 60 health cadres whom were assigned into two groups, intervention group (n= 30) and control group (n= 30) and recruited through purposive sampling technique. The results suggest that there was significant difference in health cadre’s attitude between both groups (p= 0.000). Variable of duration being a cadre is the most determinant factor affecting cadre’s attitude. Health promotion through guidebook of pregnant woman with preeclampsia was effective in improving health cadre’s attitude. Authors recommend health cadres to use the guidebook of pregnant woman with preeclampsia when enacting their duties.
Teologi Maturidiyyah
Authors: Alif Muhammad
Published: November 2019

artikel ini mencoba mengeksplorasi doktrin atau pemikiran al-Mâturîdiy dan pengaruhnya terhadap paham paham Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah. Maturidiyyah merupakan aliran rasionalis yang mewakili Ahlus-Sunnah wal Jama’ah. Meski demikian, rasionalitas mereka tidak menjadikan mereka berlebihan dalam menggunakan akal, sebab wahyu dalam pandangan mereka mempunyai otoritas yang tidak kecil dalam pemikiran-pemikiran teologis mereka. Ada beberapa faktor yang memberikan dampak kepada pengaruh al-Mâturîdiy tidak melebihi luasnya paham Ahlus-Sunnah wal-Jama’ah ketimbang al-Asy'ariy, antara lain adalah faktor geografis, faktor etos moral dalam bermazhab dan faktor politik.
Kerukunan dalam Perspektif Agama-Agama di Indonesia
Authors: Mansur Syafi'in
Published: November 2019

Fenomena kerukunan atau toleransi umat beragama di Indonesia memang menarik diamati karena kerukunan umat beragama di Indonesia dapat tumbuh subur dengan agama-agama yang bermacam-macam, ada Islam, Kristen [Katolik dan Protestan], Hindu, Buddha dan Khonghucu. Namun tetap semua agama sama-sama menjaga umatnya untuk menjadi rukun, damai, kasih sayang dan saling menghormati dan menghargai. Bahkan Indonesia bisa menjadi contoh bagi dunia tentang toleransi atau kerukunan yang dapat tumbuh dengan keragamaan atau khebinekaan. Begitu pula, para tokoh agama saling bahu-membahu dalam menciptakan kerukunan atau toleransi di Indonesia.
Gebe Kadınların Gebelikte Yoganın Faydaları Hakkındaki Bilgi ve Görüşleri
Authors: YURTSAL Zeliha , EROĞLU Vasviye
Published: November 2019

Giderek artan popülaritesine rağmen, gebe kadınlarda yoganın faydaları hakkında bilgi ve görüşlerini belirleyen sınırlı sayıda çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, gebe kadınların gebelikte yoga hakkında bilgi ve görüşlerini belirleyerek konu hakkında farkındalık oluşturmaktır.Tanımlayıcı kesitsel tipteki araştırma bir üniversite hastanesi’nin kadın doğum polikliniklerinde yapılmıştır.  15 Ocak- 15 Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında polikliniğe başvuran tüm gebeler çalışmaya alınmış, 220 gebeye ulaşılmıştır.  Veriler araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen 34 sorudan oluşan Kişisel Bilgi ve Yoga Bilgi Düzeyi Formu ile toplanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirmesi bilgisayar ortamında SPSS 22.0 paket programı ile yapılmıştır. Gebelerin %76,4'ünün (n=168) gebelik kontrollerinin ağırlıklı olarak doktor tarafından yapıldığı gözlenmiştir. Gebelerin gebeliklerinin kendisinde anksiyete oluşturduğunu söyleme oranı %74,5'inin (n=164), doğum korkusu yaşama oranı %68,1 (n=150) olarak belirlenmiştir. Gebelerin %88'6'sı (n=195) gebelikte egzersiz yapmanın gerekli olduğunu düşünmesine rağmen, %60,5'inin (n=132) gebeliğinde düzenli olarak egzersiz yapmadığı saptanmıştır. Gebelerin %91'i (n=201) gebelikte en uygun egzersizin yürüyüş, %54'ü (n=120) solunum egzersizleri, %30'u (n=67), pilates, %26'sı (n=57) yüzme, %24'ü (n=54) ise  yoga olduğunu düşünmektedirler. Birden fazla tercih edenler olmuştur.Yoga uygulamalarının olumlu sonuçlarına rağmen gebe kadınların konu ile ilgili bilgi ve bilinç düzeyinin istenen düzeyde olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.Özellikle ebelerin gebelere yönelik yoga alanında eğitimlerini ve çalışmalarını yoğunlaştırmasının, yoganın gebelik doğum ve doğum sonu dönemdeki olumlu çıktılarını destekleyecek uygulamalı araştırmalar yapması ile ebelik alanına katkı sağlanacağı düşünülmektedir.
Obstruktif Uyku Apne Sendromlu Hastalarda Fibrinojen Düzeylerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: DEMİRDÖĞEN Ezgi , URSAVAŞ Ahmet , KARADAĞ Mehmet , COŞKUN Funda , EDİGER Dane , UZASLAN Esra , EGE Ercüment , GÖZÜ Oktay
Published: November 2019

Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu (OUAS) hastalarında vasküler hastalık riski artmıştır. Bu hastalarda kardiyovasküler hastalık gelişimine ait kesin mekanizma bilinmemektedir. Fibrinojen normal plazmanın ana bileşenidir. Akut faz reaktanı olan fibrinojen düzeyleri inflamatuar yanıtın bir parçası olarak yükselmektedir. Fibrinojenin koroner arter hastalığı ve inme için bağımsız risk faktörü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çalışmamızda yeni orta/ağır OUAS tanısı almış hastalarda ve non-apneik olgularda plazma fibrinojen düzeylerini karşılaştırmayı ve polisomnografi (PSG) parametreleri ile ilişkisini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Tüm gece PSG sonrası yeni tanı almış 50 orta ve ağır OUAS olgusu ile 33 nonapneik kontrol olgu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. uyku çalışmasının ardından sabah 8.00-9.00 saatleri arasında kan örnekleri alınarak plazma fibrinojen düzeyleri Clauss metodu ile ölçülmüştür. Her iki grup arasında yaş, cinsiyet, sigara alışkanlığı açısından fark saptanmadı. Plazma fibrinojen düzeyleri OUAS grubunda (4.2 ± 0.14 g/L) kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0.028). Plazma fibrinojen düzeyleri; Epworth uykululuk skalası (ESS) skoru (r=0.301, p=0.006), yaş (r=0.327, p=0.003), beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) (r=0.388, p<0.001), ortalama oksijen desaturasyonu (r=0.258, p=0.019), oksijen desaturasyon indeksi (r=0.281, p=0.010), oksijen satürasyonunun % 90’ın altında kalma süresi (r=0.248, p=0.024) ve arousal indeksi (r=0.220, p=0.046) ile pozitif korele idi. Plazma fibrinojen düzeyleri ile uykudaki oksijen saturasyonu arasında (r= -0.254, p=0.029) negatif korelasyon mevcuttu. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analiz ile EUS skoru ve BKİ’nin, AHİ’den bağımsız olarak, fibrinojen düzeyleri ile ilişkili değişkenler olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçta plazma fibrinojen düzeyleri ile ESS ve BKİ’nin ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Fibrinojen düzeyleri ve nokturnal desaturasyon arasındaki ilişki, hipoksi inflamasyon ilişkisini desteklemektedir. Yüksek fibrinojen düzeylerinin OUAS’lı hastalarda vasküler hastalık gelişimi için önemli bir faktör olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
EVALUASI PROGRAM PRAKTIK KERJA INDUSTRI (PRAKERIN) DI SMK NEGERI 1 LIMBOTO
Authors: Tuli Rahmawati
Published: November 2019

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi komponen masukan program praktik kerja industri di SMK Negeri 1 Limboto, komponen proses program praktik kerja industri di SMK Negeri 1 Limboto, dan komponen produk program praktik kerja industri di SMK Negeri 1 Limboto.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan model evaluasi stake meliputi aspek masukan, proses, dan produk Program Praktik Kerja Industri (Prakerin). Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan angket.Hasil penelitian adalah: pertama, hasil evaluasi terhadap komponen masukan prakerin di SMK Negeri 1 Limboto berada pada kategori tinggi; kedua, hasil evaluasi terhadap komponen masukan prakerin di SMK Negeri 1 Limboto berada pada kategori tinggi; dan ketiga, hasil evaluasi terhadap komponen masukan prakerin di SMK Negeri 1 Limboto berada pada kategori tinggi. Hasil evaluasi terhadap komponen masukan Praktik Kerja Industri di SMK Negeri 1 Limboto meliputi aspek: rekruitmen siswa baru, persyaratan administrasi siswa baru, latar belakang pendidikan guru dan instruktur, kurikulum prakerin, kalender pendidikan, fasilitas dan bahan praktik, serta pembiayaan. Hasil evaluasi terhadap komponen proses program Prakek Kerja Industri di SMK Negeri 1 Limboto difokuskan pada aspek peguasaan dalam penyiapan pembelajaran, penguasaan guru produktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, interaksi dengan siswa, administrasi naskah kerjasama, tempat prakerin, kompetensi instruktur, dan kesesuaian kompetensi siswa dengan tempat prakerin. Sementara hasil evaluasi komponen produk Program Praktik Kerja Industri di SMK Negeri 1 Limboto difokuskan pada aspek prestasi akademik siswa, hasil ujian nasional, dan keterserapan lulusan di dunia kerja.
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TIPE EXAMPLES NON EXAMPLES PADA MATA KORESPONDENSI DI KELAS X ADP¹ SMK NEGERI 1 LIMBOTO
Authors: T. Ishak Nikmawaty
Published: November 2019

Abstrak

              Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas X ADP¹ pada SMK Negeri 1 Limboto dengan  menggunakan model cooperative learning tipe examples non examples pada mata pelajaran pada mata pelajaran korespondensi dengan indikator penelitian: jumlah siswa yang memperoleh nilai minimal 75 meningkat dari 53.33% menjadi 80%.Sebagai simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah telah terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa kelas X ADP¹ SMK Negeri 1 Limboto. Hal ini ditujukkan dengan data sebagai berikut: 1) Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus I meningkat dari hasil observasi awal dan 2) Hasil belajar siswa pada siklus II telah meningkat, sehingga dengan demikian dapatlah disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis penelitian Jika menggunakan model cooperative learning tipe examples non examples pada mata pelajaran Korespondensi  kelas X ADP¹ SMK Negeri”, dengan indikator penelitian : jumlah siswa yang memperoleh nilai meningkat.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN BUDAYA KERJA TENAGA PENDIDIKAN DAN TENAGA PENDIDIKAN MELALUI PENERAPAN REWARD AND PUNISHMENT DI SMP NEGERI 8 GORONTALO
Authors: Gani Hasyin
Published: November 2019

Abstrak

Sekolah atau lembaga pendidikanmerupakan sebuah wahana pengemban peserta didik. Aktivitas di dalamnya terkait proses pelayanan jasa oleh guru sebagai fasilitator, dan kepala sekolah sebagai manajer atau pengelola sekolah.Pengelolaan sekolah dan peran penting kepala sekolah, pada dasarnya mencakup ruang lingkup yang luas, salah satu di antaranya adalah meningkatkan budaya kerja para guru dan pegawai yang dipimpinnya. Hal tersebut dapat dicapai dengan menerapkan metode reward and punishment, yaitu memberikan pujian kepada karyawan yang bekerja dengan baik, danteguran kepada pegawai yang melanggar aturan yang telah ditetapkan bersama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari alternatif pemecahan masalah sebagai upaya peningkatan budaya kerja para guru dan pegawai melalui penerapan reward and punishment di SMP Negeri 8 Gorontalo.
PENGARUH PEMUNGUTAN PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI TERHADAP LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Sabil Sabil , Lestiningsih Amin Setio , Widodo Dwiyatmoko Puji
Published: November 2019

Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) adalah pajak yang dipungut dan dikenakan atas penyerahan Barang Kena Pajak dan/atau Jasa Kena Pajak. Pajak ini dipungut melalui Faktur Pajak. Semua jasa pada prinsipnya dapat dikenai PPN, kecuali jasa yang dikecualikan oleh Undang-Undang PPN. PT.UGM Samator Pendidikan bergerak dibidang jasa persewaan ruangan di daerah Jakarta dimana salah satu penyewa nya adalah Universitas Gadjah Mada selaku Bendaharawan Pemerintah yang wajib memungut Pajak Pertambahan Nilai sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Keuangan Nomor 563/KMK.03/2003. Pemungutan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai oleh Bendaharawan akan berpengaruh pada akun hutang PPN di laporan keuangan PT.UGM Samator Pendidikan, salah satunya laporan neraca. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh pemungutan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai oleh Bendaharawan. Teknik analisa data  berupa analisis kuantitatif yaitu analisis yang didasarkan pada perhitungan statistik yang berbentuk kuantitatif (jumlah). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemungutan PPN oleh Bendaharawan mempunyai hubungan yang kuat dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap laporan neraca.
Edwardsiella ictaluri LuxS: Activity, Expression, and Involvement in Pathogenicity
Authors: ZHANG MIN , SUN LI
Published: November 2019

Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish. In this study, we examined the expression and function of the LuxS from a pathogenic E. ictaluri strain, 1901. J901 was found to produce autoinducer 2 (AI-2) activity that maximized at mid-logarithmic phase and was enhanced by glucose and repressed by high temperature. Consistently, a luxS gene (luxSEi) was identified in J901, whose expression was regulated by cell density, glucose, and temperature in a manner similar to that observed with AI-2 activity. Further analysis showed that LuxSEi is a biologically active AI-2 synthase that was able to complement the luxS-defective phenotype of Escherichia coli DH5alpha. To examine the functional importance of LuxSEi, a genetically modified variant of J901, J901Ri, was constructed, in which luxSEi, expression was blocked by RNA interference. Compared to the wild type, J901Ri was (i) reduced in AI-2 activity to a level of 59% of that of the wild type; (ii) impaired in both planktonic and biofilm growth; (iii) significantly attenuated in the ability to infect cultured fish cells and to cause mortality in infected fish; (iv) unable to induce the expression of certain virulence-associated genes. Addition of exogenous AI-2 failed to rescue the growth defect of J901Ri as free-living cells but restored biofilm production and the expression of virulence genes to levels comparable to those of the wild type. Taken together, these results indicate that LuxSEi is a functional AI-2 synthase that is required for optimal cellular growth and host infection.
High Prevalence of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana Antibodies in Croatian Patients Presenting with Lymphadenopathy
Authors: VILIBIC-CAVLEK TATJANA , KARLOVIC-MARTINKOVIC DIANA , LJUBIN-STERNAK SUNCANICA , TABAIN IRENA , PERSIC ZDENKA , MLINARIC-GALINOVIC GORDANA
Published: November 2019

Between 2007 and 2010, a total of 268 Croatian patients with lymphadenopathy were tested for IgM/IgG antibodies to Bartonella (B.) henselae and B. quintana. Samples from 44.4% patients showed positive IgG antibodies: 35.8% to B. henselae, 6.7% to B. quintana and 1.9% to both Bartonella species. There was no difference in seropositivity between males and females (47.4% vs. 41.5%). Seroprevalence was high in all age groups (40.4-60.9%). Patients from urban and rural areas showed a similar seroprevalence rate (44.1% vs. 44.8%). Positive IgM antibodies were found in 28.3% patients varying from 17.5% and 37.5% among age groups. Most cases were reported from August to March.
New PCR Test for Detection of Candida glabrata Based on the Molecular Target Chosen by the RAPD Technique
Authors: OLCHAWA ANNA , KRAWCZYK BEATA , BRILLOWSKA-DĄBROWSKA ANNA
Published: November 2019

Rapid, reliable diagnosis is a necessary condition for the successful treatment of infections. Such diagnostic assays are continually being developed. The paper presents a method for selecting the molecular target for PCR-based diagnostics based on the comparison of RAPD patterns. A sequence encoding Candida glabrata CBS138 hypothetical protein was selected. The limit of detection for PCR and real-time PCR reactions with DNA extracted from blood samples spiked with Candida glabrata was estimated at 1 CFU/ml. The application of the assays developed in this study would thus seem to be promising as a complementary method in the diagnostics of C. glabrata infections.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriageamong Patients and Healthcare Workers in a Hospital in Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: AL-TALIB HASSANAIN , YEAN CHAN YEAN , HASAN HABSAH , NIK ZURAINA NMN , RAVICHANDRAN MANICKAM
Published: November 2019

Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a common source of nosocomial infection and colonization. The aim of the present study was to assess the burden of methicillin-resistant S. aureus nasal carriage, its association with factors of interest including its genetic relationships. The prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage was found to be 28.7%. This study showed that patients with a history of previous antibiotic intake, nasogastric tube, and longer hospitalization had a significantly high risk of being MRSA nasal carriers. The genetic relationship of all 34 nasal MRSA isolates revealed four major clusters of isolates, and there was a relationship between MRSA isolated from inpatients and healthcare workers.