bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the Climate Risk in the City Using the Risk Matrix Method - Examples from Poland
Authors: Szymalski Wojciech , Kassenberg Andrzej
Published: September 2022

The preparation of urban adaptation plans in Poland required application of tools, hitherto rarely used in geographical sciences. One of them is the risk matrix, the application of which originates from management science. The original application of the risk matrix is the business environment. The first prepared municipal plan for adaptation in Poland is The Climate Change adaptation strategy for the city of Warsaw by 2030 (The City of Warsaw 2019). The ongoing analytical work related to the preparation of this plan for adaptation was completed with the preparation of the draft strategy in 2017. The preparation of the draft took place during a workshop held with a group of stakeholders, called the Warsaw Climate Change Adaptation Roundtable (the so-called “WOSAK”). During this workshop, a risk matrix was used for the first time to determine climate risk in Warsaw. Subsequently, the method was used in other cities in Poland. This paper will present the basis for the application of the risk matrix method, in the assessment of a city’s climate risk. The results and evaluation of the application of the method in the city’s adaptation plans prepared so far by the team of the Institute for Sustainable Development Foundation, will also be presented.
Implementation of Sustainable Development Goal 12 in Cities: Best Practices
Authors: Jastrzebska Ewa
Published: September 2022

Although urban areas do not occupy much of the Earth’s surface, their inhabitants account for more than half of the global population. Moreover, cities consume most of the world’s energy while emitting the bulk of carbon compounds. For that reason, metropolises should seek to implement the concept of sustainable development, as is practically embodied in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Although SDG 11, addresses cities directly, all the others contain an “urban” aspect, too. One of the SDGs which is rising in importance due to the global problem of over-consumption and, consequently, over-production of waste is SDG 12 concerning responsible production and consumption. The purpose of this article is to present the actions that cities can take to achieve SDG 12. The study is based on a critical analysis of the literature on the subject, as well as on web research and case studies. Attainment of SDG 12 requires the pursuit of the concept of a circular economy (CE), namely, one where the value of products, materials and resources is maintained in the economy for as long as possible, and the generation of waste is minimised. The review of best practices from Polish and other cities, demonstrates their efforts to work towards a CE through diverse and comprehensive initiatives, beyond their tasks and competencies. Moreover, metropolises encourage their stakeholders: (i) entrepreneurs, to join them in following the CE path by creating conditions that are conducive to implementing responsible production; and (ii) residents and city users, by promoting sustainable consumption.
Synergy Potential of Ursolic Acid-Based Hybrid Molecules
Authors: Upadhyay Harish C. , Mishra Krishna N. , Singh Sonam , Sanket Swaroop , Kumar Manoj , Yashmeen Umme , Kant Rajni , Dwivedi Gaurav R.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Ursolic acid (UA, 3β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid), a pentacyclic triterpenoid from various medicinal plants, has been blessed with proven biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antibacterial, but its bioavailability and solubility limit its clinical application.

Objective:

Synthesis of UA-based hybrid molecules to explore their antibacterial and synergy potential in combination with azithromycin (AZT) for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections.

Methods:

Hybrid molecules of UA with menthol, eugenol, and nalidixic acid (NAL) along with some other ester derivatives were synthesized, and evaluated for their antibacterial and synergy potential in combination with AZT against the clinical isolate of Escherichia coli in terms of their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), fold reduction in MIC, fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and type of interaction. In silico screening of pharmacokinetic parameters, docking affinity against efflux pump proteins AcrA, AcrB, and TolC was performed on the most potent derivative 7 (3-O-nalidixoyl UA).

Results:

Derivative 7 showed MIC of 62.5 µg/mL and a strong synergistic effect with AZT reducing the MIC of AZT from 100 to 0.19 µg/mL (512-fold reduction) against E. coli at a concentration of 12.5 µg/mL. Other derivatives neither showed antibacterial activity of their own (MIC > 1000 µg/mL) nor any significant synergistic interaction in combination with AZT. The in silico studies on 7 revealed improved druggability parameters over the parent UA and NAL.

Conclusion:

The findings highlight derivative 7 as strong synergistic agent in combination with AZT which may be further investigated to render its efficient use for the treatment of MDR bacterial infections.
Three Class Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Deep Neural
Networks
Authors: Kapdi Rupal A. , Shah Deep R. , Patel Jigna S. , Patel Jitali
Published: September 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is prevalent dementia that can cause neurological brain disorders, poor decision making, impaired memory, mood swings, unstable emotions, and personality change. Deep neural networks are proficient in classifying Alzheimer's disease based on MRI images. This classification assists human experts in diagnosing AD and predicts its future progression. The paper proposes various Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for early AD detection to save cost and time for doctors, radiologists, and caregivers. A 3330-image-based Kaggle dataset is used to train the DNN, including 52 images of AD, 717 images of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and the remaining images of Cognitive Normal (CN). Stratified partitioning splits the dataset into 80% and 20% proportions for training and validation datasets. Proposed models include DenseNet169, DenseNet201, and ResNet152 DNNs with additional three fully-connected layers and softmax and Kullback Leibler Divergence (KLD) loss function. These models are trained considering pre-trained, partially pre-trained, and fully re-trained extended base models. The KLD loss function reduces the error and increases accuracy for all models. The partially pre-trained DenseNet201 model outperformed all the other models. DenseNet201 gives the highest accuracy of 99.98% for training, 99.07% for validation, and 95.66% for test datasets. The DenseNet201 model has the highest accuracy in comparison to other state-of-art-methods.
Jordanian Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Willingness to Provide Care to Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Hamdan Khaldoun M. , Zahran Zainab , Al-Bashaireh Ahmad M. , Khraisat Omar M. , Albqoor Maha Alkaid , Shaheen Abeer M.
Published: September 2022

Background:

previous studies showed that nurses reported inadequate knowledge of the risks and protective strategies in dealing with infectious diseases. Additionally, nurses reported a lack of willingness to care for patients with infectious diseases.

Purpose:

To examine Jordanian nurses’ knowledge and attitudes and their willingness to provide care for patients with COVID-19.

Design and Methods:

Correlational cross-sectional design with convenience sampling was used to collect data through an online self-administered questionnaire from 347 Jordanian nurses working at hospitals.

Results:

The study results showed that about 56% of the nurses reported having the experience of treating or providing care to confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients, and 71.8% expressed their willingness to provide care for them. Only 55% of the nurses reported finishing a training program about COVID-19. Job title, type of hospital, and experience in treating or caring for patients with COVID-19 were predictors of nurses’ willingness to provide care.

Conclusion:

Jordanian nurses reported gaps in their knowledge about COVID-19 related to using personal protective equipment and fear of transmitting the disease to family members. Nurses also reported a moderate level of attitude toward hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment; however, most of the nurses reported willingness to provide care for COVID-19 patients.
Opioid-free Anesthesia for Laparoscopic Gastroplasty. A Prospective and Randomized Trial
Authors: Menck Juliana Thomaz , Tenório Sergio Bernardo , de Oliveira Rohnelt Machado , Strobel Rodrigo , dos Santos Bruna Bastiani , Junior Armando Ferreira Fonseca , de Cesaro Marcelo Pedrotti
Published: September 2022

Background:

Opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) has gained popularity in recent years due to concerns about the abusive use of this drug but also due to the potential benefits of OFA for pain control and decreased side effects.

Objectives:

This trial aimed to study whether opioid-free anesthesia (OFA) benefits patients submitted to laparoscopic gastroplasty compared to anesthesia with fentanyl. The primary objective was to measure pain score and morphine use for rescue analgesia. The secondary objective was to evaluate the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and oxygen desaturation.

Methods:

Patients undergoing gastroplasty were randomized to receive general anesthesia with fentanyl (n = 30) or OFA (n = 30) according to a predefined protocol. They were assessed for pain using a verbal numerical scale (VNS), morphine consumption and PONV in the post-anesthesia care unit and on the first day after surgery. Besides, oxygen desaturation during the immediate postoperative period was also recorded. The study was blinded to the surgeon and postoperative evaluators.

Results:

The groups were comparable for all demographic data analyzed. A significance level of 5% was used, and no differences were found in the variables studied.

Conclusion:

The specific OFA protocol presented in this trial was safe and effective. However, this study did not find any benefit in using it compared with fentanyl anesthesia in videolaparoscopic gastroplasties.
An Exploratory Study on Characteristics of SWIRL of AlGaAs/GaAs in Advanced Bio based Nanotechnological Systems
Authors: Lal Pyare
Published: September 2022

The most prominent aim of this innovative research book chapter has been to study an optimised exploration of characteristics of SWIRL (Short Wave Infra-Red Light) of AlGaAs/GaAs heterogeneous type nanostructure under various GRINSLs (Graded Refractive Index Nano Scale Layers) in advanced bio-based nanotechnological systems. Under this optimised exploration, the simulating performances of SWIRL gain enhancement with wavelengths of light photons for various GRINSLs have been systematically calculated. Other important parameters like SWIRL modal confinement gain with current densities per unit cm2, SWIRL differential gain and parameter of antiguiding with carriers per unit cm3 have been computed. In the innovative investigation through the results, the highest value of SWIRL gain has been achieved at the wavelength ~ 830 nm. The SWIR light of wavelength ~ 830 nm has mostly been utilised in the optimization of a proper combination of higher penetrating abilities and cellular type interactions. Hence, this wavelength’s SWIRL source has also been used in the treatment of wound, pain and various types of sensitive skin diseases by using the FONSCs (Fibre Optic Nano Scale Cables) through the TIRPs (Total Internal Reflection Processes) without any attenuation in dB/Km due to diminished scattering, dispersion and absorptions in the nanotechnological biosciences and medical sciences. Moreover, this SWIRL of wavelength ~ 830 nm has provided the most fabulous role in the proper controlling of inflammation, oedema as well as infections of various bacteria in advanced bio-based nanotechnological systems.
Recent Trends in Nanosystems, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Kannadhasan S. , Nagarajan R.
Published: September 2022

Nanotechnology is, in fact, a fairly extensive field of study and research at the moment. Physicists, chemists, biologists, material scientists, engineers, and computer scientists all contributed to its creation. In this paper, we examine how nanotechnology is evolving and growing, as well as how it may be utilised to construct a computer that is smaller, faster, and more trustworthy. In this work, we focus on the top-down and bottom-up manufacturing approaches to nanotechnology, which have a direct impact on current computer design and architecture. Researchers have been driven to enhance and produce a smaller, quicker, and more reliable computers due to the widespread usage of computers and their vast use in the contemporary world. Nanotechnology has the potential to achieve this goal. According to the definition of nanotechnology, it is the design, characterization, production, and application of structures, devices, and systems by controlled manipulation of size and shape at the nanometre scale atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scale, which results in structures, devices, and systems with at least one novel/superior characteristic or property. Passive nanostructures are the name given to this kind of structure.
Nd2Fe14B and SmCo5 a Permanent Magnet for Magnetic Data Storage and Data Transfer Technology
Authors: Aly Abeer E.
Published: September 2022

We present first-standards estimations on Fe, Nd, and SmCo5 utilizing the self-predictable maximum capacity linearized increased plane wave (FPLAPW) strategy. The attractive snapshots of Fe, Nd, and Smco5 were determined utilizing the WIEN2K code. The minutes for BCC Fe and HCP Nd are 2.27μB and 2.65μB separately in great concurrence with test esteems. For Smco5, we efficiently study the impact of considering the twist circle coupling and Coulomb connections in the Sm f shell on the attractive properties, electronic construction, and twist thickness maps. The determined attractive second and magneto-crystalline anisotropy like anisotropy are in acceptable concurrence with test esteems. The twist thickness maps in the (001) plane show that the impact of the twist circle coupling on the twist thickness design of Sm particles is more grounded than that of Coulomb connection. We additionally study the impact of the polarization heading on the energy groups by looking at the highlights of band structure when the charge bearing is along or opposite to the c-axis. The determined outcomes are in acceptable concurrence with the exploratory information.
Physical, Electrical and Dielectric Investigation of Neodymium Doped Lithium Borosilicate Glasses
Authors: Ganvir V.Y. , Ganvir H.V. , Gedam R.S.
Published: September 2022

In the present research work, melt-quench technique was employed for synthesis of Nd2O3 doped lithium borosilicate glasses having general system 30Li2O- (70-x) [1/7SiO2:6/7B2O3]-xNd2O3. Electrical conductivity of produced samples was tested in frequency band of 2mHz to 20MHz at 423K to 673K, using Impedance Analyser. Impedance data was used for scaling which shows that the process of conduction is based on the composition and not on the temperature. The inclusion of neodymium oxide in the lithium borosilicate glass affects molar volume, density and various physical properties like Ion concentration, ionic radius. The electrical modulus data obtained from impedance analyser was utilized to study relaxation behaviour of the samples. In the temperature band, 423-673 K, the variance of the dielectric loss (Tan δ), dielectric constant (ε’) and ac conductivity (σ’) with frequency was measured using impedance spectroscopy and discussed at length.
Development of Protein–polyphenol Conjugates via Free Radical Grafting Method: Evaluation of Physicochemical and Functional Properties
Authors:   University of Saskatchewan, Sharifimehr Shahrzad , Ghosh Supratim ,   University of Saskatchewan, Sammynaiken Ramaswami ,   Saskatchewan Structural Science Center
Published: September 2022

Lipid oxidation is a common phenomenon in emulsions that can be controlled by different techniques. Since proteins are beneficial emulsifiers but with low antioxidant ability, they are used in combination with an antioxidant compound such as polyphenols. Strong interaction between the protein and the polyphenol makes this combination more effective. In this study, soluble fraction of faba protein concentrate (FPC) was conjugated with tannic acid via the free radical grafting, and the structural and functional characteristics of the conjugates were determined in comparison with the mixture of the protein and tannic acid, and the pure protein. After dialysis, the amount of protein and polyphenol from the conjugated materials was significantly reduced, indicating that the unreacted peptides and polyphenol left the solutions. The reduction of the free amino and thiol groups in the protein specified the establishment of a strong interaction between the protein and tannic acid remaining in the solution. Moreover, the conjugate showed high ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power than the protein alone. As the purpose of making the conjugate was to be used as a multilayer film around the oil droplets, the film formation ability of the conjugates was investigated using Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Depending on the size of the trough and the nature of the compounds being used, the concentration and surface pressure required to form a strong film will vary. All samples showed an extended gas state of the film that changed abruptly and directly into a solid state below a critical surface area. Such LB film of the protein-tannic acid conjugate will be used to test its free radical scavenging ability so that its ability to prevent lipid oxidation in emulsions can be predicted.
Optimization of Culture Conditions for Protein Induced Foam Production by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa for Enhancing Oil Recovery
Authors:   Kyushu University, Ito Miu , Sugai Yuichi ,   Kyushu University
Published: September 2022

More than 60 % of oil in oil reservoir cannot be recovered by conventional techniques due to several factors. Permeability heterogeneity in oil reservoir is one of the factors and oil can be easily left in low permeability region in oil reservoir. Foam decreases the fluid flow in high permeability region so that fluid flow in low permeability region can be relatively increased, which enhances oil recovery from low permeability region. This study investigated the culture conditions for promoting the protein induced foam production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa for enhancing oil recovery.O2 nanobubble was examined as an O2 source for P. aeruginosa that is aerobe to make it to produce the protein-induced foam in anaerobic oil reservoir. CO2 nanobubbles were also examined as a comparison. The production of both protein and foam was evaluated through the culture experiments using glucose-based culture medium containing the nanobubbles. Production of both protein and foam by P. aeruginosa was increased not only in the culture medium containing O2 nanobubbles but also the culture medium containing CO2 nanobubbles as shown in Figure 1. Zeta potential of CO2 nanobubbles was positive in the culture medium while that was negative in pure water, therefore, CO2 nanobubbles were assumed to adsorb the cations contained in the culture medium. Because those cations were actively delivered to the bacterial cells by CO2 nanobubbles, the production of protein and foam was promoted in the culture medium containing CO2 nanobubbles. Our additional experiments clarified that ferrous ions which were delivered to the bacteria by CO2 nanobubbles promoted the production of both protein and foam by P. aeruginosa and the optimal concentration of ferrous sulfate was 0.6 mg/L (see Figure 2).Those results indicate that P. aeruginosa can be used for enhancing oil recovery as a protein induced foam producer.
Functional Properties of Enzymatic Pea Protein Hydrolysates That Inhibit in vitro Activities of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase
Authors:   University of Manitoba, Asen Nancy , Aluko Rotimi ,   University of Manitoba
Published: September 2022

Overview: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder prevalent among the aged population with morbidity and mortality rate of ~ 12%. Research has linked the cause of this disorder to the loss of acetylcholine through excessive activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Therefore, a promising therapeutic approach for AD treatment is the inhibition of AChE/BChE activities. Common features of an AD brain include low levels of acetylcholine, the presence of amyloid-β peptides deposits and severe oxidative stress triggered by lipid peroxidation and formation of free radicals. Natural peptides that possess antioxidant and bioactivities could have prospects for use in AD management. Objectives: Optimize enzymatic hydrolysis of yellow field pea proteins into protein hydrolysates that possess antioxidant, anti-AChE and anti-BChE activities. Methods: Pea protein (70%) was hydrolyzed using six as alcalase (AH), chymotrypsin (CHH), flavourzyme (FZH), pancreatin (PCH), pepsin (PEH) and trypsin (TPH). The supernatants were sequentially passed through ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with molecular weight cut-off of 1, 3, 5 and 10 kDa to collect the permeates as < 1, 1-3, 3-5, and 5-10 kDa, respectively. The hydrolysates and UF fractions were screened for inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation (LAP) in addition to radical scavenging (hydroxyl and superoxide) and anti-AChE/BChE properties.Results: Hydrolysates showed varying degrees of radicals scavenging and LAP, as well as anti-AChE and anti-BChE activities but the potency improved by >10% for most UF fractions. AH, FZH, PEH and the UF fractions (1-3 kDa) exhibited better and statistically significant (p<0.05) radical scavenging and AChE/BChE activities than other hydrolysates by 20-30% and 20-40% respectively at same concentrations (10-50 µg).Significance of study: The results suggest that pea protein-derived peptides could be potential candidates for use in the inhibition of AChE and BChE activities, which could provide therapeutic tools suitable for the prevention and treatment of AD.
Variations in Phytochemicals in DDGS Oil from 30 Ethanol Plants
Authors:   USDA ARS NCAUR, Winkler-Moser Jill
Published: September 2022

Many corn-based ethanol plants are separating oil from distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), where it becomes a value-added co-product stream that is utilized as a separate energy source for feed, or as a feedstock for biofuels, namely biodiesel. While the variation in the composition of macronutrients in corn DDGS as well as the fatty acid composition and presence of free fatty acids in corn DDGS oil have been well documented, less information is available on variation of phytochemical components in corn DDGS oil. This study reports the composition and variation of carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols and ferulate phytosterol esters, as well as total phenolics and the in vitro antioxidant activity, based on DDGS oils derived from back-end oil separation at 30 ethanol plants located in the U.S. The total carotenoid contents ranged from 135 – 315 µg/g oil, total tocopherols and tocotrienols ranged from 594 – 1812 µg/g, total phytosterols ranged from 15.8 - 22.4 mg/g, while ferulate phytosterol esters ranged from 3.7 - 5.8 mg/g. The oxidative stability index (at 110 °C) ranged from 4.2 - 16.4 h, while total phenolics ranged from 124 - 420 mg gallic acid equivalents/kg oil. Correlations among the variables and antioxidant activity as well as oxidative stability will also be presented.
Comprehensive Evaluation and Comparison of Machine Learning Methods in QSAR Modeling of Antioxidant Tripeptides
Authors:   Kansas State University, Du Zhenjiao , Wang Donghai ,   Kansas State University, Li Yonghui ,   Kansas State University
Published: September 2022

Due to their multiple beneficial effects, antioxidant peptides have attracted increasing interest. Currently, the identification of antioxidative peptides and screening bioactive peptides are based on wet-chemistry methods which are time-consuming and highly rely on many advanced instruments and trained personnel. Compared to wet chemistry methods for preparation and screening bioactive peptides, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis as an in silicon method can be more efficient and cost-effective. However, model performance of QSAR studies on antioxidant peptides was still poor due to the difficulties from data set division to regression methods. The objective of this study was to compare most popular and promising machine learning methods for antioxidant activity modeling and screening of tripeptides and identify the critical amino acid features that determine the antioxidant activity. We adopted 553 numerical indices of amino acids to characterize 130 tripeptides with known antioxidant activity from published literatures, and then six advanced feature selection methods plus pairwise correlation were used to screen the most important indices for antioxidant activity and model building. Fourteen machine learning methods were used to build models based on the six feature selection methods, respectively. Among the 84 models, the best model with R2Test of 0.847 and MSETest of 0.393 for tripeptide antioxidants was obtained based on FI-RFR plus XGB. Based on the predicted antioxidant values of 7870 unknown tripeptides, the potential high antioxidant activity tripeptides all have a tyrosine, tryptophan, or cysteine at the C-terminal position. In addition, results also showed that C-terminal amino acids contributed the most to antioxidant activity, while the central amino acid contributed the least. Non-linear regression methods were more suitable for QSAR study on antioxidant activity.
Efficacy of Great Northern Beans-derived γ-glutamyl Peptides in Reducing Vascular Inflammation
Authors:   University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Guha Snigdha
Published: September 2022

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is estimated at nearly 37% in the United States. Elevated blood glucose, elevated triglycerides, high blood pressure, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein, result in increased levels of inflammation and pathogenesis of various CVDs such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. Dietary γ-glutamyl peptides (γ-GPs), naturally found in dry beans, have exhibited beneficial biological activities to reduce chronic inflammation. One such type of dry bean, Great Northern bean (GNB), is an important agricultural commodity for the US and for the state of Nebraska. The present study developed a green-chemistry-based scalable technology for isolating the γ-GPs from GNBs. The γ-GPs-enriched fraction can significantly reduce vascular inflammation in human endothelial cells. The γ-GP (γ-EV) found in various foods including beans, can significantly reduce the tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-ɑ)-induced increased expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, E-Selectin), chemokine (MCP-1), and cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) in human aortic endothelial cells. The anti-inflammatory effect of γ-EV is mediated through the allosteric activation of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). The route of transport of γ-EV across the intestinal monolayer was found to be via the PepT1 and paracellular pathways with the apparent permeability (Papp) of 1.56×10–6cm/s. Furthermore, γ-EV was found to be effective in reducing vascular inflammation in vivo, in a high-fat diet (HFD: 40 kcal% fat, 1.25% cholesterol) feed ApoE-/- mice, where γ-EV intervention (150mg/kg BW) significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory biomarkers such as VCAM-1, ICAM-1, LOX-1, and improved the pathological characteristics of the atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta. In addition, the splenic FoxP3+ and CD25+ cells within the total lymphocyte population were significantly decreased in the γ-EV-treated group. Thus, the present study highlights the potential use of γ-glutamyl peptides, as a functional food ingredient for the prevention and management of CVDs.*Snigdha Guha, Honored Student Award Winner; Peter and Clare Kalustian Award Winner*
Prediction of Protein and Amino Acid Contents in Canola Seeds and Canola Meal with Near-infrared Spectroscopy
Authors:   University of Manitoba, Liu Junya
Published: September 2022

Aim: The current study focused on developing and validating the near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration models for predicting protein and amino acid contents in whole canola seeds and canola meal. This research investigated the effects of sample pre-treatments involving particle size reduction and lipid extraction and different types of spectrometers, including the diode array analyzer PerkinElmer DA7250 and the Fourier transform NIRS analyzer PerkinElmer FT9700 on the predictive performance of the NIRS calibration models.Methods: In total, 480 canola whole seed samples were selected from the 2015 and 2020 cropping year populations to produce canola meal samples and then analyze crude protein and amino acids concentrations with reference chemical methods; among those, 420 samples were assigned for constructing calibration models, while 60 samples were used for the validation study. The partial least square regression technique was used for model development and verification, performed on the Unscrambler X10.3 software with the spectra obtained from PerkinElmer DA7250 for both whole seed and meal samples and PerkinElmer 9700 for meal samples only.Results and Conclusion: The calibration models of crude protein and most amino acids except for Tryptophan, Histidine and Sulphur amino acids showed an acceptable coefficient of determinations (R2C= 0.677-0.885), while the NIR models for Tryptophan, Histidine, and Sulphur amino acids were less accurate which might require more work in the future study. Sample pre-treatments like particle size reduction and lipid extraction were found that have the potential to improve prediction ability. PerkinElmer DA 7250 was discovered with a similar performance to PerkinElmer FT9700 with no significant differences. This study indicates that the results are acceptable for screening the protein and amino acid contents in canola whole seeds and meals, this could be helpful for future quality control and the implementation of breeding strategies to enhance canola protein quality.
Utilizing Tea Industry By-products to Improve Instant Tea Aroma
Authors:   Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Rajapakse Umesh , Jayasinghe Chamila ,   Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Dalpathadu Akila ,   University of Peradeniya, Pathiraja Darshika ,   Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Nissanka Sarath ,   University of Peradeniya
Published: September 2022

Refuse tea, industrially recognized as Broken Mixed Fannings (BMF) is the most economical raw material that can be used to manufacture instant black tea powder. The commercial interest lies in determining the ideal geographical regions to source BMF to produce instant tea with the desired quality. This study aimed to determine the effect of tea growing elevation on quality parameters of BMF and instant tea produced from BMF. Instant tea was prepared from BMF obtained from eight tea estates from the three growing elevation categories in Sri Lanka i.e., high grown (HG) ( > 600m MASL) , mid grown (MG) (300m-600m MASL) and low grown (LG) (< 300m MASL).Total polyphenol content (TPC) in both instant tea and BMF in HG regions were significantly higher (p< 0.05) than MG and LG regions. TPC of instant tea was significantly higher ( p< 0.05) than that of BMF. Haze value of instant tea from HG region was also significantly higher than that of MG and LG regions. A significant positive correlation (p< 0.05, r= 0.77) was also found between TPC and haze value in instant tea.Analysis of the aroma profile by HS-SPME/GC-MS revealed that 100 to 150 volatile compounds are present in the headspace of each instant tea and BMF samples. Major aroma compounds present in Ceylon black tea such as (Z)-3-hexenol, linalool, geraniol, phenylacetaldehyde and 2-phenylethyl alcohol were detected in BMF, but only a few of those compounds such as phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol remained in instant tea. Aroma profile analysis showed that the most important volatiles in tea have been lost due to evaporation and therefore possibilities exist to produce aroma condensates that resemble the aroma of Ceylon black tea as a byproduct when manufacturing instant tea.
Tailoring the Ultrafiltration of Colostrum Whey to Produce a Bioactive Compound-rich Permeate for Subsequent Isolation by Nanofiltration
Authors:   University of California, Davis, Tam Andrea , Dunham Sierra ,   University of California, Davis, Barile Daniela ,   University of California, Davis, Leite Nobrega De Moura Bell Juliana M. ,   University of California, Davis
Published: September 2022

Pre-treatment techniques such as dry heating by microwave roasting, conventional oven and air frying have been applied in the roasting of oil-seeds and their co-products prior to oil pressing to enhance canolol extraction. This research investigated the efficacy of air frying as hot air pre-heat treatment strategy for enhancing the extraction and recovery of oil-derived sinapic acid derivatives from canola oil. Air frying of canola seeds was conducted at temperature-time combinations of 160, 170, 180 and 190 oC for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes, respectively. Oil was extracted using the Soxtec method. Extraction of oil-soluble sinapic acid derivatives (SADs) was conducted using an equal volume of hexane and 70% (v/v) aqueous methanol and quantified by HPLC-DAD. The results showed a time- temperature association for the recovery of the predominant oil-derived SADs from canola seed oil. The highest yield of canolol- a major oil-derived SAD was obtained at 190 oC for 15 mins air frying condition while sinapine and other unidentified SADs (RT-6.4, RT-8.1, RT-22.9 and RT-27.5 mins) were found in trace amounts with highest yield varying for individual SAD at different roasting conditions. This new pre-processing approach would be beneficial to the canola seed processing industry in improving canolol yield and the generation of novel antioxidant phenolic compounds with potential application in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries
Kajian Iklim Mikro Tanaman Kopi Sistem Agroforestri Di UB Forest
Authors: Dikdayan Govando Ages , Ariffin Ariffin
Published: September 2022

Tanaman kopi di UB Forest dipilih karena lokasi tersebut memiliki ketinggian, kelembaban, dan suhu yang sesuai akibat dari naungan berupa tanaman pinus. Berdasarkan pemaparan diatas diperlukan penelitian untuk mengamati suhu, kelembaban, dan intensitas cahaya yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan fase generative tanaman kopi di UB Forest. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui iklim mikro pada lahan petani agroforestri pinus dan kopi perbandingan dengan kopi, pinus dan alpukat di UB Forest.Â Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan untuk para petani kopi mengetahuiÂ hubungan iklim mikro sistem agroforestri kopi, pinus dan kopi, pinus dan alpukat untuk memberikan keberhasilan dari budidaya tanaman kopi di UB Forest pada lahan petani kopi di UB Forest. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa iklim mikro di UB Forest bersifat fluktuatif atau turun naik tiap bulannya, namun cenderung lebih stabil pada lahan 1 dengan naungan pohon pinus dan pohon alpukat. Intensitas cahaya pada lahan 1 dan lahan 2 didapatkan hasil berbeda nyata karena naungan antara lahan 1 dan lahan 2 memiliki jenis yang berbeda, sedangkan untuk suhu pada bulan juli antara lahan 1 dan lahan 2 berbeda nyata namun pada bulan juni dan agustus pada pukul 12.00 memiliki perbadaan dan pada pukul 16.00 tidak memiliki perbedaan. Sedangkan untuk kelembaban pada pukul 12.00 tiap bulanya tidak memiliki perbedaan, namun pada pukul 16.00 memiliki perbedaan. Perbedaan ketinggian dan naungan menyebabkan perbedaan.
Pengaruh Pupuk Kandang dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Permatasari Tessa Andini , Sumarni Titin
Published: September 2022

Tomat merupakan salah satu hasil produksi tanaman sayuran buah yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Produktivitas tanaman tomat pada tahun 2014 - 2016 cenderung fluktuatif dan dikategorikan rendah. Salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan rendahnya produktivitas ialah rendahnya kesuburan tanah. Upaya yang dilakukan dalam meningkatkan produktivitas tomat adalah dengan pemberian PGPR dan pupuk kandang. Kandungan bahan organik pupuk kandang juga digunakan sebagai sumber energi bagi bakteri PGPR untuk tumbuh dan berkembang biak. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui interaksi antara pupuk kandang kambing dengan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui interaksi antara pupuk kandang kambing dengan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Desember 2020 - Maret 2021 di Kebun Percobaan Jatimulyo Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan percobaan faktorial yang dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Faktor pertama antara lainÂ Â Â K0 = Pupuk Kandang 0 ton ha-1, K1 = Pupuk Kandang 5 ton ha-1, K2 = Pupuk Kandang 10 ton ha-1, K3 = Pupuk Kandang 15 ton ha-1, K4 = Pupuk Kandang 20 ton ha-1. Faktor kedua antara lain P0 = Tanpa PGPR, P1 = Pemberian PGPR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria tidak dapat mengurangi dosis pupuk kandang kambing yang diberikan pada lahan. Perlakuan pupuk kandang kambing 20 ton ha-1 memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap seluruh variabel pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tomat dengan bobot segar buah per hektar yaitu 30,68 ton ha-1. Aplikasi PGPR memberikan hasil lebih baik terhadap variabel hasil tanaman tomat dengan bobot segar buah per hektar yaitu 23,01 ton ha-1.
Pengaruh Aplikasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) dan Pupuk Nitrogen pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sukini (Cucurbita pepo L.)
Authors: Warisman Gandi , Widaryanto Eko
Published: September 2022

Sukini (Cucurbita pepo L.) merupakan tanaman hortikultura semusim yang termasuk dalam golongan Cucurbitaceae dan banyak dikonsumsi karena memiliki kandungan nutrisi. Proses pertumbuhan tanaman sukini membutuhkan unsur hara seperti nitrogen. Tetapi ketersediaan unsur hara nitrogen sangat rendah, menyebabkan pemupukan secara anorganik terus dila-kukan. Aplikasi pupuk anorganik secara terus menerus dapat menurunkan tingkat kesuburan tanah. Pemanfaatan PGPR dapat menjadi solusi untuk menyediakan unsur hara nitrogen bagi tanaman. PGPR dapat menambat nitrogen dari udara dengan cara simbiosis dan non simbiosis. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan tanaman sukini terhadap aplikasi PGPR dan pemberian dosis pupuk nitrogen yang berbeda. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rooftop rumah jalan Tlogo Indah, Tlogomas, Kecamatan Lowokwaru, Kota Malang pada 15 Desember 2021 hingga 30 Maret 2022 dengan ketinggian tempat 440-667 mdpl dan suhu 18oC - 32oC. Penelitian merupakan percobaan factorial dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu pemberian PGPR dan tanpa pemberian PGPR dan faktor kedua yaitu perbedaan dosis pemberian pupuk nitrogen dengan lima taraf yaitu 50, 100, 150, 200 dan 250 kg ha-1. Hasil penelitian men-unjukkan bahwa penggunaan PGPR dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman dibandigkan dengan perlakuan tanpa PGPR. Pemberian PGPR meningkatakan Panjang tanaman 5,86 %, bobot segar tanaman 12,27 % dan bobot kering 31,76 %. Peningkatan dosis pemupukan nitrogen meningkatkan panjang tanaman sebesar 13,43 %, jumlah daun sebesar 15,37 %, luas daun sebesar 16,94 %, bobot segar sebesar 48,73 % dan bobot kering sebesar 20,81 %.Â Pemupukan 150 kg ha-1 merupakan pemupukan optimal pada tanaman sukini.
Keragaman 33 Galur Jagung Pakan (Zea mays L.) Generasi S2
Authors: Rahmatan Apik Ilham , Sugiharto Arifin Noor
Published: September 2022

Pemilihan tetua unggul dalam pembentukan varietas hibrida jagung pakan dilakukan dengan proses seleksi tanaman dari galur-galur yang berpotensi. Keragaman pada galur-galur yang berpotensi merupakan syaratÂ awal dalam perakitan varietas unggul. Generasi S2 merupakan galur hasil selfing kedua dari seleksi galur S1 terpilih. Keragaman yang ada pada generasi S2 dapat disebabkan oleh adanya segregasi yang terjadi, oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pengamatan variabilitas pada generasi S2 hasil selfing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman antar galur, nilai duga heritabilitas serta keragaman dalam galur dari beberapa karakter pada jagung pakan generasi S2 dan mengetahui galur yang berpotensi sebagai tetua unggul. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Juli 2021 di Desa Areng-areng, Kelurahan Dadaprejo, Kecamatan Junrejo, Kota Batu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan acak Kelompok (RAK) sebanyak 3 ulangan dengan perlakuan 33 galur jagung pakan generasi S2 masing-masing 16 tanaman setiap plot. Analisis ragam menunjukkan perlakuan berbeda nyata pada semua karakter kuantitatif yang diamati. Keragaman antar galur tergolong rendah pada semua karakter kuantitatif, dan seragam pada karakter kualitatif warna glume. Nilai duga heritabilitas tergolong dalam kategori sedang hingga tinggi. Keragaman di dalam galur tergolong rendah atau seragam pada karakter tinggi letak tongkol, jumlah susunan baris, diameter tongkol, dan rendemen. Empat galur berpotensi sebagai tetua unggul yaitu galur PA2, PA9, PA12, dan PA16 karena memilikikeseragaman dalam galur terhadap paling banyak karakter yang diamati.
Stability Indicating Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Quantitative Estimation of Impurities in Gadobutrol Solution for Intravenous Administration
Authors: Najana Sanni Babu
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this investigation was to establish a HPLC methodology and evaluate Gadobutrol along with impurities A, B and C. The method for Gadobutrol along with impurity-A, B and C analysis was developed on Phenomenex Phenyl-Hexyl C18 column with isocratic elution using mobile phase consisted of formic acid (pH 3.6) and acetonitrile. The method proposed showed a good linearity in the range of 0.8314 – 30.21 ppm (Gadobutrol), 3.2971 – 34.62 ppm (impurity-A), 0.3788 – 34.82 ppm (impurity-B), and 2.9757 – 32.38 ppm for impurity-C. Obtained good method precision (RSD = 2.36% to 3.55%), acceptable accuracy (98.8% to 108.9%), detection limit (0.1250 ppm to 1.0811 ppm) and quantitation limit (0.3788 ppm to 3.2971 ppm) for Gadobutrol and impurity-A, B and C. The method proposed can be utilized to assess the quality of Gadobutrol sample for the presence of impurities A, B and C.
Potential Impact of Azadirachta indica and Syzygium aromaticum on Growth and Development of Significant Cultivable Oral Bacterial Flora
Authors: Narayan Umeshwar
Published: September 2022

Resistance has been reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics for the past few decades. Researchers are constantly investigating new herbal medicines which can be a better option as well. Aqueous and ethanol extraction method were followed to obtain clove buds and neem twig (datum) extracts. The obtained extracts were tested against selected bacteria using the well diffusion method and broth dilution method to assess the antimicrobial activities. The obtained data were recorded as MIC50 MIC80 and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration). The tremendous antibacterial activities in extract of Azadirachta indica and Syzygium aromaticum were observed highest in 6.25 mg/mL of ethanol extraction method. It is concluded that neem and clove showed tremendous antimicrobial activities and both have been found quite effective in oral health even today.
Postpartum Depression among Women in Kerala: A Survey
Authors: Prasad Pooja
Published: September 2022

The increase in number of Postpartum Depression (PPD) cases in Kerala is increasing day by day. So, a study on the awareness of PPD has become necessary in this scenario. This study tries to quantify the awareness among women in Kerala about PPD and covers how they tackled the issue through various methods used by them to cope with the issue. The study is conducted using an online survey method. A prepared questionnaire was circulated online among 150 young mothers who were born and brought up in Kerala. The questionnaire consisted of eight questions about PPD and baby blues. Each question was provided with options from which the participants had to choose one. The data thus collected were studied and analyzed. The results of the survey were analyzed to arrive at a conclusion. There was active participation from the participants’ side. The results showed that the percentage of participants who were well aware of PPD was very low. The study brought to light that, much attention and activities are needed to solve PPD cases in Kerala. Most women who suffer from PPD are reluctant to seek medical help. This situation can change through proper campaigns and other related activities.
Penerapan Small Group Discussion Berbasis Mobile Learning Melalui WhatsApp Messenger pada Mata Pelajaran Geografi
Authors: Amaliya Lia Umi , Dewi Kusuma
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil penerapan metode small group discussion berbantuan whatsApp messenger (WA) sebagai mobile learning yang diterapkan dalam mata pelajaran Geografi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di MAN 2 Malang pada siswa kelas X IPS 1 dengan materi langkah-langkah penelitian Geografi. Jenis metode penelitian yang dipilih yaitu penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Dimana desain pembelajaran dirancang meliputi tahap planning, acting, observing, dan reflecting. Pelaksanaan penelitian ini menggunakan metode small group discussion yang diterapkan melalui aplikasi whatsApp messenger sebagai media pembelajarannya. Penerapan pembelajaran ini bersifat daring. Pendekatan penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil pengamatan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan pembelajaran yang diterapkan dapat berjalan dengan baik, dimana siswa mengikuti kegiatan diskusi bersama guru maupun antara siswa dalam kelompok kecil dengan baik dan aktif.
Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran Keterampilan Koping Anak (MPK2A) untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengelola Emosi Negatif Anak Usia 4-6 Tahun
Authors: Muthmainah Muthmainah
Published: September 2022

Kesulitan dan tantangan dialami anak setiap harinya sehingga anak memerlukan keterampilan koping. Berbagai model pembelajaran diterapkan untuk melatihkan koping pada anak termasuk MPK2A. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas MPK2A untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengelola emosi negatif anak usia 4-6 tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen one-group pre-test-post-test design dengan subjek penelitian yang berjumlah 21 anak yang berusia 4-6 tahun dengan keterampilan koping yang masih rendah. Pengumpulan data menggunakan skala dan dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MPK2A efektif untuk mengelola emosi negatif anak usia 4-6 tahun. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan skor pre-test dan post-test secara signifikan. Perolehan skor pre-test dengan kriteria rendah yaitu 81 %, dan kriteria sedang yaitu 19 % mengalami perubahan yang signifikan dengan skor post-test dengan kriteria rendah yaitu 0 %, kriteria sedang yaitu 43 %, dan kriteria tinggi yaitu 57 %. Selain itu, hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks menunjukkan nilai (Sig.) 0,0000,05, sehingga perlakuan dinyatakan efektif.