bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of collagen type VIII alpha 1 chain in human epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: June 2021

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We performed discovery of genes associated with epithelial ovarian cancer and of the high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) subtype, using published microarray data (2, 3) to compare global gene expression profiles of normal ovary or fallopian tube with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer or HGSC. We identified the gene encoding collagen type VIII alpha 1 chain, COL8A1, as among the genes whose expression was most different in epithelial ovarian cancer as compared to the normal fallopian tube. COL8A1 expression was significantly higher in high-grade serous ovarian tumors relative to normal fallopian tube. COL8A1 expression correlated with overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. These data indicate that expression of COL8A1 is perturbed in epithelial ovarian cancers broadly and in ovarian cancers of the HGSC subtype. COL8A1 may be relevant to pathways underlying ovarian cancer initiation (transformation) or progression.
ARTIKEL REKRUTMEN APARATUR DESA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA PEMERINTAH DI DESA ANALUTUR, KECAMATAN BABAT TIMUR KABUPATEN MALUKU BARAT DAYA
Authors: Luturmas Yulius
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe Village Government apparatus of Analutur, Southwest Maluku Regency is not excellent, and one of the influencing factors is that the Village Apparatus Recruitment is not carried out properly. By using associative research methods that link recruitment and performance. Data were collected by conducting structured interviews, observations, literature study, and distributing a list of questions to 50 respondents. then analyzed quantitatively (Product Moment Correlation Statistical Analysis). The results show that the correlation between apparatus recruitment and government performance in Analutur Village, Southwest Maluku Regency is 0.857. Based on the coefficient of determination, it is proven that recruitment contributes to performance by 62.2% and the remaining 37.8% is determined by other variables which are constant. Furthermore, a significant test was carried out using t-count at a confidence level of 0.05%. And the result is t-count of 8.888> t-table 1.68, which means that the hypothesis is accepted. Keywords: Apparatus Recruitment, Performance and Village Improvement
Resource Guide: Supporting Faculty with Disabilities at Postsecondary Institutions
Authors: Ryan Alyssa
Published: June 2021

A guide for institutions of higher education for supporting faculty with disabilities, drawn from extant research literature.
TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND OXYGEN CLIMATOLOGY OF AFRICAN CONTINENTAL SHELF WATER, SOUTH OF THE EQUATOR, AND CHANGES SINCE 1945
Authors: de Villiers Stephanie
Published: June 2021

The first temperature, salinity and oxygen climatologies for waters of the continuous southern African continental shelf is presented. It is based on oceanographic data collected since 1945, sub-sampled at depths of 5, 50 and 100 m on a mixed-spatial grid with 0.25° to 0.5° resolution. The climatologies capture spatial heterogeneities and seasonal variability in key ocean variables for the southern African shelf in unique detail. The results correspond relatively well with biogeographic boundaries informed by classification schemes grounded in taxonomy, but questions the value of the Large Marine Ecosystem approach. Analysis of decadal trends demonstrates the inherent complexity and spatial heterogeneity associated with environmental variability, and suggest the possibility that decadal periodicities are in the process of being disrupted by a longer-term trend. The overall pattern is that southern African West and South coast shelf waters are becoming warmer, except for some upwelling areas, where cooling is evident. Benguela and Agulhas Bank shelf water are also becoming more oxygen depleted.
LainePoiss—a lightweight and ice-resistant wave buoy
Authors: Alari Victor , Björkqvist Jan-Victor , Kaldvee Valdur , Mölder Kristjan , Rikka Sander , Kask-Korb Anne , Pärt Siim , Vahter Kaimo , Vidjajev Nikon , Tõnisson Hannes
Published: June 2021

Wave buoys are a popular choice for measuring sea surface waves, and there is also an increasing interest for wave information from ice-covered water bodies. Such measurements require cost-effective, easily deployable, and robust devices. We have developed LainePoiss (LP)---an ice-resistant and lightweight wave buoy. It calculates the surface elevation by double integrating the data from the inertial sensors of the micro-electromechanical system (MEMS), and transmits wave parameters and spectra in real-time over cellular or satellite networks. LP was validated through: 1) sensor tests, 2) wave tank experiments, 3) a field validation against a Directional Waverider, 4) an inter-comparison of several buoys in the field, and 5) field measurements in the Baltic Sea marginal ice zone. These extensive field and laboratory tests confirmed that LP performed well (e.g., the bias of significant wave height in the field was 0.01 m, correlation 0.99 and scatter index of 8 %). LP was also deployed with an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and we present our experience of such operations. One issue that requires further development is the presence of low-frequency artefacts caused by the dynamic noise of the gyroscope. For now, a correction method is presented to deal with the noise.
Biofuels, Electrofuels, Electric or Carbon-free?: A review of current and emerging Sustainable Energy Sourcing for Aviation (SESA)
Authors: Su-ungkavatin Pimchanok , Barna Ligia , Hamelin Lorie
Published: June 2021

Climate neutrality is becoming a core long-term competitiveness factor within the aviation industry, as demonstrated by the several innovations and targets set within that sector, prior to and especially after the COVID-19 crisis. Ambitious timelines are set, involving important investment decisions to be taken in a 5-years horizon time. Here, we provide an in-depth review of alternative energy sourcing technologies for aviation revealed to date, which we classified into three main categories, namely liquid fuels (biofuels, electrofuels), electric aviation (all electric and hybrid), and carbon-free options (hydrogen-based, solar-powered). For liquid fuels, 10 pathways were reviewed, for which we supply the detailed process flow picturing all input, output, and co-products generated. The market uptake and use of these co-products were also investigated, along with the overall international regulations and targets for future aviation. As most of the inventoried pathways require hydrogen, we further reviewed six existing and emerging carbon-free hydrogen production technologies. Our review also details the five key battery technologies available (lithium-ion, advanced lithium-ion, solid-state battery, lithium-sulfur, lithium-air) for aviation, as well as the possible configuration schemes for electric propulsion (parallel electric hybrid, series electric hybrid, all electric, partial turboelectric and full turboelectric) and reflects upon the inclusion of hydrogen-powered fuel cells with these configurations. Our review studied these three categories of energy sourcing pathways as modular technologies, yet these still have to be used in a hybridized fashion with conventional fossil-based kerosene. This is among others due to an aromatics content below the standardized requirements for biofuels and electrofuels, to a too low energy storage capacity in the case of batteries, or a sub-optimal gas turbine engine in the case of cryogenic hydrogen. Yet, we found that the latter was the only available option, based on the current and emerging technologies reviewed, for a long-range aviation completely decoupled of fossil carbon. The various challenges and opportunities associated with all these technologies are summarized in this study.
Hydrodynamic testing of wind-assisted cargo ships using a cyber-physical empirical method
Authors: Sauder Thomas , Alterskjær Sverre Anders
Published: June 2021

A novel empirical method to study wind-assisted cargo ships is presented. The physical ship model, including propulsion units, interacts in real-time with a numerical sail model during free-running tests. Loads from the (virtual) sails are applied on the physical model using a cable-driven robot. All loads components except heave are applied with high accuracy and repeatability. The method is described thoroughly, and applied to investigate the benefits of wind assistance on a 190m bulk-carrier, equipped with four rotor sails. Key performance indicators for wind assistance are established when sailing in steady wind profiles of various directions and velocities, and a propulsion analysis is performed. An important conclusion is that the increase of hydrodynamic resistance due to heel, leeway and rudder (that balance transverse sail loads) is rather limited for this ship, except when sailing close-hauled in strong winds. It is also demonstrated that experiments in a unsteady (virtual) wind environment can be successfully conducted. The effect of turbulence on the motions of this ship are found to be very limited. The conclusion discusses the other types of studies that can be enabled by this novel cyber-physical empirical method.
Perceived vaccine safety over time in a vaccine hesitant sample: Impact of pausing due to safety concerns
Authors: Rodebaugh Thomas , Frumkin Madelyn , Garg Rachel , LaGesse Laura , McQueen Amy , Kreuter Matthew
Published: June 2021

In the current effort to vaccinate as many people as possible against COVID-19, it has been suggested that events such as the pause in the use of the Janssen vaccine would have a large effect on perceptions of vaccine safety. Further, as vaccination rates slow, there is concern that hesitancy may be stable and difficult to change among those still unvaccinated. We examined both of these issues in our ongoing study of low-income participants. We modeled the intensive longitudinal data provided by 53 individuals. We found the negative, not statistically significant effect of the Janssen pause would be overwhelmed within weeks by the statistically significant increasing perceptions of safety across time. We also observed strong variability in vaccine hesitancy in many participants. Frequent reminders about vaccine availability might catch more people when they are less hesitant, helping increase vaccination rates.
Subliminal audio-visual temporal congruency in music videos enhances perceptual pleasure
Authors: Lin Chenyang , Yeh Maggie , shams ladan
Published: June 2021

Human perception is inherently multisensory, with cross-modal integration playing a critical role in generating a coherent perceptual experience. To understand the causes of pleasurable experiences, we must understand whether and how the relationship between separate sensory modalities influences our experience of pleasure. We investigated the effect of congruency between vision and audition in the form of temporal alignment between the cuts in a video and the beats in an accompanying soundtrack. Despite the subliminal nature of the manipulation, a higher perceptual pleasure was found for temporal congruency compared with incongruency. These results suggest that the temporal aspect of the interaction between the visual and auditory modalities plays a critical role in shaping our perceptual pleasure, even when such interaction is not accessible to conscious awareness.
The Dynamic Boundaries of The Self: Serial Dependence In Embodied Sense of Agency
Authors: Stern Yoni , Ben-Yehuda Inbar , Koren Danny , ZAIDEL ADAM , Salomon Roy
Published: June 2021

The feeling of control over one’s actions, termed the Sense of Agency (SoA), delineates one’s experience as an embodied self. Although, this embodied experience is typically perceived as stable over time, recent theoretical accounts highlight the experience-dependent and dynamic nature of the embodied self. In this study we examined how recent experiences modulate SoA (i.e., serial dependence), and disambiguated the unique contributions of previous stimuli and choices on subsequent SoA judgments. In addition, we examined whether these effects persist across different domains of perceptual alteration. We analyzed two independent datasets of the Virtual Hand (VH) task (N = 100 participants) in which a sensorimotor conflict is introduced between the presented visual feedback and the actual movement performed. In Dataset 1, which included only temporal alterations, we found that previous stimuli recalibrate current perception, increasing the likelihood of the current choice to be different than the previous choice. Whereas previous choices induce a repetition bias increasing the likelihood to repeat choices across trials. Thus, previous external stimuli and self-generated choices exert opposing influences on SoA. We replicated these findings in Dataset 2, in which the VH task was tested with alterations in both temporal and spatial domains. In addition, we discovered that previous stimuli from a different perceptual domain exert a recalibration effect similar to stimuli from the same domain. Thus, SoA is constantly shaped by our previous subjective choices and objective stimuli experienced even across different perceptual domains. This highlights how SoA may act as unifying construct organizing our experience of the self over time and across perceptual experiences.
Concurrently observed actions are represented not as compound actions but as independent actions
Authors: Cracco Emiel , Van Isterdael Clara , Genschow Oliver , Brass Marcel
Published: June 2021

Recent research suggests that we can simultaneously represent the actions of multiple agents in our motor system. However, it is unclear exactly how concurrently observed actions are represented. Here, we tested two competing hypotheses. According to the independence hypothesis, concurrently observed actions are represented as independent actions. According to the compound hypothesis, they are instead integrated, whenever possible, into compound actions. In Experiment 1 (N = 32), we first show that the standard imitation-inhibition task with a single hand can be extended to measure automatic imitation of compound actions. In Experiments 2-5 (NTotal = 368), we then investigated the representation of concurrently observed actions by further extending this task to include two hands. The results showed that two hands performing two different actions (e.g., one hand lifts index finger, one hand lifts middle finger) produced an effect similar to that of both hands performing just one of those actions (e.g., both hands lift index finger) but different from that of both hands performing both actions together (i.e., a compound action; lift both index and middle finger). This indicates that concurrently observed actions are coded as independent actions in the motor system.
Making clear what is fuzzy about community membership: A prototypic approach
Authors: Reed Jordan , Jordan-Zamora Ariel , Steltenpohl Crystal Nicole , Keys Christopher
Published: June 2021

Aims: The critical task of positively identifying membership of the communities with which we work prior to initiating programs of research purporting to represent said communities is often forgone and treated as self-evident. This study demonstrates undertaking this task at the outset of a program of research by gathering member self-definitions of a relational, online and face-to-face community- the Fighting Game Community.Methods: Borrowing from social identity theory in social psychology, this study uses a prototypic approach and thematic content analysis with 319 open-ended descriptions of “good players” and “bad player” deviants.Results: In general, having a growth mindset and winning games were the most crucial amongst divergent themes. Of equal interest, definitions were not consensual across the community; some directly conflicted with one another. These definitions represented a community with fuzzy boundaries, that exists more as a multi-layered tapestry than a black-and-white unit with sharply delineated boundaries.
Persistence is key: Investigating innovative problem solving by Asian elephants using a novel multi-access box
Authors: Jacobson Sarah L , Puitiza Amanda , Snyder Rebecca J , Sheppard Ashley , Plotnik Joshua M
Published: June 2021

Innovative problem solving is considered a hallmark measure of behavioral flexibility as it describes behavior by which an animal uses previous experience to manipulate its environment to reach a goal. Elephants are a highly social taxa known for their ability to adapt to volatile environments. While innovation has been observed in elephants, one question is how behavioral traits associated with it vary at the individual level. To understand how individual differences in behavior impact expressions of innovation, we used a novel extractive foraging device comprised of three compartments to evaluate innovation in 14 captive Asian elephants. In the first phase of testing, elephants had an opportunity to learn one solution, while the second phase gave them an opportunity to innovate to open two other compartments with different solutions. We measured the behavioral traits of neophilia, persistence, motivation, and exploratory diversity, and hypothesized that higher levels of each would be associated with more innovation and success. Eight elephants innovated to solve three compartments, three solved two, and two solved only one. Consistent with studies in other species, we found that higher innovation scores and success were associated with greater persistence, but not with any other behavioral traits when analyzed per test session. Greater persistence and lower exploratory diversity were associated with success when analyzed at the level of each individual door. Further work is needed to understand how innovation varies both within and between species, with particular attention to the potential impact of anthropogenic change.
Evaluation of Bovine Derived Xenograft Combined with Bioresorbable Collagen Membrane in Treatment of Intrabony Defects
Authors: Gorkhali Ranjita Shrestha , Pradhan Shaili , Shrestha Rejina , Agrawal Shweta , Lamicchane Krishna , Koirala Pramod Kumar , Shrestha Benju
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Treatment of periodontal diseases done by surgical therapy depends upon extent and severity of disease. The ultimate goal of periodontal reconstructive surgery is to regenerate tissues destroyed during periodontal disease.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of bovine-derived xenograft with collagen membrane in treatment of intrabony defects by comparing it with open flap debridement alone.

Methods: This non-randomised controlled trial was conducted after ethical clearance, at Bir hospital from 2018 March to 2019 April. The study recruited 38 patients by convenience sampling, age from 25-44 years, with chronic periodontitis, and willing to sign informed consent. Intrabony defects were treated by open flap debridement with bovine-derived xenograft and bioresorbable collagen membrane (Test group) and open flap debridement alone (Control group). Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, oral hygiene status, and gingival status were assessed at baseline and six months.

Results: Six months after therapy, in Test group probing pocket depth reduction was 5.2 mm and gain in mean clinical attachment level was 4.3 mm. In Control group, mean probing pocket depth reduction was 3.8 mm and mean gain in clinical attachment level was 2.7 mm. The test treatment resulted in statistically higher probing pocket depth reduction and clinical attachment level gain than Control group.

Conclusion: Both therapies resulted in significant probing pocket depth reductions and clinical attachment gains, and treatment with open flap debridement with bovine-derived xenografts and collagen membrane resulted in significantly higher probing pocket depth reduction and clinical attachment gain than treatment with open flap debridement alone.
A Country’s Dietary Guideline Should Now Be Updated by Replacing Refined Grain Diets by Whole Grains
Authors: Singh Arambam Giridhari
Published: June 2021

Not available.
Surgical Management and Early Outcome of Encephalocele
Authors: Kafle Prakash , Sharma Mohan Raj , Shilpakar Sushil Krishna , Sedain Gopal , Pradhanang Amit , Thapa Ashish Jung , Shrestha Ram Kumar , Rajbhandari Binod , Khanal Babita
Published: June 2021

Background: There are limited studies pertaining to management of encephalocele in Nepal. So the present study seems justifiable to bridge the gap in the literature on encephalocele from Nepal on its clinical profile and early outcome. This study aims to characterize the clinical profile, management and outcome of largest series of encephalocele at tertiary care center in Nepal.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of encephalocele, managed surgically at two tertiary care centers between 2015 and 2020, was performed.

Results: Total of 25 cases was surgically managed in the present study. The median age of study population was 2.5 months. There were 11 male and 14 female with male to female ratio of 1:1.26. Occipital encephalocele was the most common variant. Lump in the head (n=11) was the commonest clinical presentation followed by hyperteliorism (n=10). One patient presented with cleft lip and one had CSF discharge in a case of occipital encephalocele. Bony defect was the common radiological findings. Excision and repair was the most common mode of surgery leading to good outcome. Mortality rate was 4% with morbidity of 20%.

Conclusion: Early surgical excision and tight dural closure with repair of bony defect is the standard treatment with relatively good outcome.
Multi-Valvular Endocarditis with Underlying Rheumatic Heart Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Dhungana Sahadeb Prasad , Sharma Sanjib Kumar
Published: June 2021

The clinical picture of infective endocarditis varies from the asymptomatic stage for a long duration to an acute fulminant course. A high index of suspicion is necessary whenever a patient presents with nonspecific symptoms and some peripheral clinical signs with a cardiac murmur. We report a case of sub-acute IE involving multiple left and right side cardiac valves with underlying rheumatic heart disease (RHD).
Connective Tissue Graft as a Predictable Curtain for Aesthetics: A Case Report
Authors: Lamichhane Simant , Humagain Manoj , Dawadi Asmita
Published: June 2021

Dental implant practice has now become a major choice for replacement of missing teeth in modern dentistry. Over the years, the success rate of dental implants has increased from 80-90% to 96-98%. However, due to lack of proper availability of soft tissue and hard tissue along with improper alignment of dental implants often pose aesthetic concerns in anterior aesthetic zone though the implant is fully osseointegrated with no signs of clinical mobility. This case report presents a case of a 21 years old male with a history of tooth loss due to trauma 8 months back and rehabilitation with dental implant 6 months back. On examination, mid-labial recession of around 3mm associated with #11 with no clinical signs of overlying inflammation was noted. Intact bone support was revealed by IOPAR. The recessed area around dental implant was managed with connective tissue graft and coronally advanced flap.
Does Vitamin D has Preventive or Treatment Potential to Covid-19 Illness?: A Brief Review
Authors: Mishra Akash , Tuladhar Eans Tara , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Raut Mithileshwor , Bhattarai Aseem , Tamang Man Kumar , Yadav Binod Kumar
Published: June 2021

The world’s health in 2020 was in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic and its adverse consequences and is still continuing in 2021. Most countries have been locked down or going through different forms of lockdown to prevent the transmission of the infectious virus SARS-CoV-2. To date, there is no specific treatment or vaccination preventive measures. World Health Organization has approved few vaccines for emergency use. Still, the emergence of mutations within SARS-CoV has put forward challenges for vaccine developers. Whether infectious or non-infectious, all diseases have an inflammatory aspect to alarm the body system along with an anti-inflammatory counterbalance mechanism to minimize harmful effects whether through immune modulation or antioxidant reserves. An approach to counteract the novel disease, COVID19, was also sought in enhancing the anti-inflammatory aspect, at the level of prevention and at the level of treatment. One of the methodologies was the recommendation of micronutrient Vitamin D whose immune-modulatory role has been well appreciated in many disease conditions. This short review aims to explore the relationship between vitamin D status through susceptibility and clinical outcomes of COVID-19.
THE EFFECTIVE VOLUME OF WATER IN SEVERAL TYPES OF SOIL FOR THE GROWTH OF Mucuna bracteata
Authors: Hastuti Pauliz Dwi , Rohmiyati Sri Manu , Kahfi Ashabul
Published: June 2021

The aim of this research was to determine the effective volume of water in several types of soil for the growth of Mucuna bracteata. This research was conducted at the Education and Research Garden (KP-2) of the Stiper Agricultural Institute located in Maguwoharjo, Sleman, DIY. This study uses factorial experiments arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two factors and five replications. The first factor was the volume of water spray/day/plant consisting of four volume levels, namely: 50 ml, 100 ml, 150 ml and 200 ml. The second factor was the type of soil consisting of three types of soil, namely : regosol, latosol and grumusol. The results of the research data were analyzed using variance (Analysis of variance) at a real level of 5%. Data that is significantly different is continued with Duncan's multiple distance test or DMRT (Duncan multiple range test) at a real level of 5%. The results showed that there was no good combination of the volume of water and soil type on the growth of Mucuna bracteata. The volume of 50 ml / plant water was sufficient to produce good Mucuna bracteata plant growth. Mucuna bracteata plants can grow in regosol, latosol, and grumusol soil types.Keywords: volume, water, soil type, Mucuna bracteata
STUDY ON BAMBOO RHIZOBACTERIA TO RED ONION VARIETY GROWTH (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Maryani Yekti
Published: June 2021

The research was conducted in Gamol, Balecatur, Gamping, Sleman regency, Indonesia. The research aimed to study bamboo rhizobacteria to red onion three variety growth. The research was arranged in a Split Plot Design. The main factor was red onion variety, namely Bima, Biru and Thailand. The sub factor was bamboo rhizobacteria concentration, include 0%, 0.75% and 1.5%. The variables include hight of plant, number of leave, number of plant, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plan. Data were analysed by analysis of variance of 5% significance level. The results that there wasn’t interaction between the red onion variety and bamboo rhizobacteria on all of variables. Rhizobacteria bamboo increase Sum Growth Rate and Tolerance Index. Thailand Variety of red onion put up the highest Sum Growth Rate.Key words: red onion, varietas, bamboo, rhizobacteria, growth
Overqualification as a Blunt Weapon on Productivity Improvement: Person-Job Fit Theory Integration
Authors: Maksum Ikhsan , Fikriah Nur Laili , Mayasari Agatha
Published: June 2021

Despite the growing number of studies that underlie the influence between perceived overqualification (POQ) and counterproductive behaviour (PKP), there is still a gap in the lack of research involving the role of affective mechanisms on the effect of POQ on PKP. In this study, researchers focused on the mediating role of job boredom (KTP) in the pathway of influence of POQ on PKP. Using a sample of 106 employees and lecturers at Islamic universities in Indonesia and using the integration of the theory of person-job fit, the researchers found that KTP fully mediates the effect of POQ on PKP.
A NEW ROLE OF CAUSATION THEORY TOWARDS ACHIEVING ECONOMIC CONTRACTUAL EQUILIBRIUM: ANNULLING THE ARBITRARY CONTRACTUAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Osama Ismail Mohammad Amayreh  , Izura Masdina Mohamed Zakri  , Pardis Moslemzadeh Tehrani  , Yousef Mohammad Shandi
Published: June 2021

The phrase “who says contractual, says justice” (qui dit contractuel dit juste) does not fully express the truth of present reality, where the phrase itself falls into doubt, since a contract does not always result in fair obligations. In this regard, the French judiciary realized that the absence of justice in a contract might arise as a result of the contractual freedom afforded to the contracting parties. Thus, the idea of Commutative Justice in the contract was developed, such as, the Chronopost’s decision which is considered one of its most important applications. However, the equivalence of rights and obligations in the Palestinian Draft Civil Code only exists in a virtual form, without any content that actually contributes to the achievement of the equivalence between rights and obligations in contracts. This article seeks to prove that the provisions of the causation theory in the Palestinian Draft Civil Code can be used as an effective means for achieving contractual justice between the contracting parties, in order to maintain economic contractual equilibrium of the contract. To do so, the function of the causation theory should be analysed in a comparative analytical approach with the Chronopost’s decision to illustrate the Palestinian legislative deficiencies. It will also show the need for adopting the French judicial approach, which will establish a general rule that any arbitrary clause that contravenes the essential obligation of the contract is considered to be unwritten, regardless of the nature or the subject matter of the contract.
HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAWS AND THE MALAYSIAN CONSTITUTION
Authors: Mokhtar Khairil Azmin
Published: June 2021

Health rights, unlike political and economic rights, until recently has not received sufficient attention that it truly deserves despite being equally important as other aspects of human rights.  It is timely that the right to health be given serious attention and more coverage by the media, legal fraternity and the authorities as well as by the public at large. Unfortunately, the Malaysian Constitution does not have any express provision which recognizes health right and no laws in the country so far acknowledged such right. Hence, this research is done to supplement the gap.  This is a legal research which applies qualitative approach focusing on rights relating to private and public health. It is a doctrinal and jurisprudential study and examines international and national laws, especially the Malaysian Constitution. Health is essential for a good life of any human being. Without it a person cannot have a quality life. Although it cannot be expected that government must guarantee everybody will be healthy it cannot be denied that among the functions and obligations of the governments are to provide healthcare services to the community and ensure that facilities and avenues for medical treatments are available to the people. This right has been firmly established in international human rights laws. Its realization has been the subject and objective of various international conventions and policies. It is believed that right to health is ingrained in the constitution of the country and should be recognized by the courts and the governments.
Sociodemographic Impact and Acquaintance on Antibiotic Resistance Among Outpatients in Specialist Hospital, Malaysia
Authors: Jayasingh Chellammal Hanish Singh , Manan Mohamed Mansor , Kupusamy Thayashini , Ming Long Chiau , Mohd Faizal Shafeeq
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION: Awareness on antibiotics resistance among outpatients in hospital settings is reasonably explored and this study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic impact and the level of acquaintance towards antibiotics practice and resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 patients from the outpatient department of KPJ Seremban Specialist Hospital (KPJSSH), Malaysia. A pre-validated questionnaire was used to collect the data on the demographics of the patients, their knowledge, attitude, and usage of antibiotics. The study was approved by the KPJUC ethics committee (KPJUC/RMC/BPH/EC/2017/104). RESULTS: The mean age of the respondents was 36 ± 11.07 years and 50.37% of them have moderate knowledge on antibiotics. The knowledge and attitude on antibiotics usage exhibited a significant difference (p=0.001) amongst these patients in association with literacy. The results showed that the literate respondents have significant knowledge on the identification of antibiotics (p=0.021), their roles, and adverse effects (p=0.004). The attitude of the respondents towards following the prescription was significantly associated with their literacy (p=0.004). CONCLUSION: This study reveals that respondents have the least knowledge on antibiotic course compliance and termination of therapy, which could lead to antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, inculcating the knowledge of antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, and course compliance among the patients may help overcome the national and global issues on multi-drug-resistant diseases.
Interobserver Variability and Distribution of Mammographic Breast Density in Patients with Invasive Breast Carcinoma using the Fifth Edition of BI-RADS Guidelines
Authors: Ab Rahman Siti Soraya , Mohd Kamal Luqman Hakim , Ab Rahman Farah Hani , Ghazali Rosliza , Saidil Emelianah , Nor Nadeeya Mohamad
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION: Breast density is associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer. The present study aims to determine the distribution and interobserver variability of mammographic breast density in patients with invasive breast carcinoma, using the fifth edition of BI-RADS guidelines. It is part of a larger study to ascertain the association between mammographic breast density and breast cancer characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two radiologists independently assessed 122 mammograms of patients with histologically confirmed invasive breast carcinoma and assigned the breast density to categories A-D based on the fifth edition of BI-RADS guidelines. The interobserver variability was calculated using the weighted kappa coefficient and the level of agreement was determined using the Landis and Koch guidelines. RESULTS: In this study, 55.7% of patients with invasive breast carcinoma were assigned to category B, followed by category C with 36.1%. Only 4.1% of patients were assigned to categories A and D respectively. There was substantial agreement between the two readers’ judgement, k=0.610 (95% CI, 0.523-0.697), p < 0.001 for specific BI-RADS categories. CONCLUSION: Among patients with invasive breast carcinoma, there were more patients with non-dense breasts than dense breasts. Overall, there is a substantial interobserver agreement when radiologists used the fifth edition of the BI-RADS guideline, which is in line with results found in the literature. This suggests that the BI-RADS density classification is an acceptable method and can be reliably used in clinical practice.
Parental Experiences in the Management of Children with Syndromic Craniofacial Diagnoses in Malaysia
Authors: Chi Adam Khairul Bariah , Hariri Firdaus , Ab Murat Norintan , Yin Loh Meii , Amran Muhammad NurHalim
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION: Patients with syndromic craniofacial diagnoses (SCD) require coordinated overall management and remain a parental challenge. This study assessed the parental experience and psychological outcome, as well as the evaluation of professional and community support, received in Malaysia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The Craniofacial Experiences Questionnaire (CFEQ) was used to assess parents of SCD children registered with the Combined Oro-Craniomaxillofacial Clinic in University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur. RESULTS: Thirty parents participated in this study with their children’s age ranged from 2 months to 14 years old diagnosed with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndromes, as well as other SCD such as Goldenhar, Pierre Robin, and Nager. The majority of parents felt anxious whenever their child underwent an operation despite having positive perceptions of the outcome. Most respondents did not see the condition as handicap although 6.7% of parents were embarrassed by their child’s appearance. The majority of the respondents were worried about the financial implication, had to be occasionally absent from work due to their child’s regular appointments, and felt depressed while only a quarter of respondents socialised less and struggled to meet parenting needs. Most respondents received positive comments, were treated with respect, and obtained adequate support from both health professionals and the community with regards to their childcare. CONCLUSIONS: Although most parents were concerned about their children’s condition, only minimal social stigmatisation was noted. Parents were satisfied with the emotional and physical support received from healthcare professionals and the community. Understanding parental experience may contribute to the improvement of multidisciplinary syndromic craniofacial management.
Preliminary Findings on a Newly Developed Malaysian Multilingual Sentence Repetition Task for Multilingual Chinese Children in Malaysia
Authors: Razak Rogayah Bt , Cho Cho Kai Shuo , Abu Bakar Norsofiah Abu Bakar
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION: Even though multilingualism is the basic fabric of linguistic diversity of mainstream communities in Malaysia, there is generally a lack of assessment tool to assess the language abilities of multilingual children at risk of language impairment. This study is aimed at developing a Malaysian Multilingual Sentence Repetition (MMSR) task which can be used to assess the morphosyntactic abilities of multilingual Chinese children speaking three languages i.e., English-Mandarin-Malay. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 10 typically developing Chinese children within the ages of 4 years until 6 years and 11 months old were recruited. Each child was presented with sentences auditorily using a laptop with a microphone headset. The child was then asked to repeat verbatim the sentences they just heard. RESULTS: Findings showed that the subjects performed equally well in English and Mandarin but lower in Malay (p < 0.01). Correlation analyses revealed that the older children performed better for English (p < 0.05) and Mandarin (p < 0.01) sentence repetitions (SRs). Performance on SR tasks decreased with the increase in sentence length and complexity. CONCLUSION: The newly developed multilingual SR task proved reliable and valid as a tool and has the potential to be developed into a standardized test to assess multilingual Malaysian children at risk of language impairment.
Mutational Analysis of Quinolone-Resistant Determining Region gyrA and parC Genes in Quinolone-Resistant ESBL-Producing E. Coli
Authors: Hamzah Hairul Aini , Sirat Rahmatullah , Mustafa Mahmud Mohammed Imad A. , Baharudin Roesnita
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Co-resistance to quinolones among extended spectrum β[1]lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli commonly occurs in clinical settings. Quinolones act on DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase enzymes, which are coded by gyrA and parC
genes, thus any mutation to the genes may affect the drug effectiveness. The objective of
the study was to characterize gyrA and parC genes in quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates
and correlated the mutations with their phenotypic resistance. Materials and Methods:
Thirty-two quinolone-resistant (QR) and six quinolone-sensitive (QS) ESBL-E. coli
isolates were identified by antibiotic susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration
tests. Bioinformatics analysis were conducted to study any mutations occurred in the
genes and generate their codon compositions. Results: All the QR ESBL-E. coli isolates
were identified as multidrug-resistant bacteria. A single point mutation in the quinolone
resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA, at codon 83, caused the substitution
amino acid Ser83Leu. It is associated with a high level of resistance to nalidixic acid.
However, double mutations Ser83Leu and Asp87Asn in the same region were
significantly linked to higher levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin. Cumulative point
mutations in gyrA and/or in parC were also correlated significantly (p<0.05) to increased
resistance to ciprofloxacin. Conclusion: Together, the findings showed that the mutations
in gyrA and parC genes handled the institution of intrinsic quinolone resistance in the
ESBL-E. coli isolates. Thus, vigilant monitoring for emergence of new mutation in
resistance genes may give an insight into dissemination of QR ESBL-E. coli in a particular
region.
Clinical Significance of Caseating Granulomas Detected on Transrectal Ultrasound Biopsy of Prostate Gland: The Recommended Management
Authors: Salauddin Syahril Anuar , Sathiyananthan J.R , Malek Rohan
Published: June 2021

Introduction: The histopathological examination (HPE) findings of caseating granulomas from the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) of prostate biopsy are rare. A high index of suspicion is necessary to diagnose a tuberculosis infection. Here, we present the clinical outcomes of patients and the practical management steps when encounter these findings. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of three cases in a tertiary care centre and reviewed the available literature on the topic. Results: All patients were aged less than 55 years and were considered young adults. One patient presented with neurogenic systemic symptoms, and two patients presented with lower urinary tract symptoms. All patients had abnormal digital rectal examination findings that warranted a TRUS biopsy of the prostate. All biopsies reported caseating granuloma with multinucleated giant cells. Additional investigations led to the diagnosis of tuberculosis infections in two patients, and one patient was diagnosed as having non-specific granulomatous prostatitis. All patients were treated according to their specific diagnosis and recovered fully. Conclusion: The detection of caseating granuloma on prostate biopsy may lead to diagnoses of several conditions, either infective or non-infective in origin. Further investigation is mandatory to provide appropriate treatment.
Premature Physeal Closure after a Non-Displaced Physeal Fracture of Distal Fibula
Authors: Stenroos Antti , Laaksonen Topi , Kosola Jussi , Nietosvaara Yrjänä , Stenroos Antti
Published: June 2021

Premature physeal closure (PPC) may lead to clinically significant progressive angular deformity or leg
length discrepancy. Many variables seem to play a role in determining which injuries result in PPC. A 8-
year-old boy sustained a non-displaced physeal fracture of distal tibia and fibula. He showed no signs of
PPC at 7 months post-injury. Seven years later, his ankle became painful. He had developed PPC of distal
fibula causing angular ankle deformity, which was treated successfully by corrective osteotomy. To our
knowledge, this is the first reported case of a non-displaced fracture of the distal fibula leading to PPC
several years after the initial injury, which in our understanding was impossible to predict.
A história da educação do Ceará em tempos de pandemia e o ensino remoto: memórias, conjuntura social e ressignificação do trabalho docente (2020-2021)
Authors: Braga de Sousa Ana Carolina , Menezes Pereira Arliene Stephanie , Machado Fiuza Fialho Lia
Published: June 2021

Este artigo objetiva refletir sobre a história da educação no estado do Ceará no contexto social da pandemia da Covid-19, nos anos de 2020 e parte de 2021. Questiona-se acerca de quais medidas estão sendo adotadas pelo governo do Ceará para conter essa pandemia, especialmente no contexto educacional. Quanto à metodologia, o estudo é exploratório de abordagem qualitativa e perspectiva teórica interpretativa. Os resultados obtidos apontam fatores positivos e negativos da implantação do ensino remoto na rede estadual de ensino. Entre os aspectos positivos, foi identificada a criação de projetos como: Conexão Seduc, acesso às plataformas de aprendizagem,
distribuição de material didático, cartão alimentação e suspensão das aulas presenciais. Como aspectos negativos, foram apontados: dificuldade de acesso aos meios digitais, evasão escolar, adoecimento psíquico dos professores, desvalorização da profissão docente e, principalmente, a incapacidade de conter o agravamento das desigualdades sociais e educacionais.

Palavras-chave: Educação pública. Pandemia. Educação no Ceará.
Luz, câmera, produção: uma análise do processo de criação e utilização de recursos audiovisuais em aulas remotas, híbridas e presenciais
Authors: Viana Fonseca Alyssandra , dos Santos Carvalho Letícia
Published: June 2021

O presente artigo objetiva apresentar e discutir o processo de construção de recursos audiovisuais, para aulas remotas, híbridas e presenciais, utilizando como corpus de análise as atividades desenvolvidas em um curso de extensão, oferecido gratuitamente, para professores e futuros professores. As ações pautaram-se nos aportes teóricos postulados por Gerbase (2006), Kenski (2012), Pires (2010) e Rojo (2017) e foram desenvolvidas remotamente. Os resultados evidenciaram o pouco conhecimento dos participantes, acerca da elaboração desses tipos de produções, como também, a importância de se realizar atividades voltadas para a formação docente na modalidade remota, tendo, em vista, que a produção de recursos audiovisuais, com fins didáticos, tem a potencialidade de tornar a aprendizagem mais significativa, tanto para alunos como para professores, em contextos educativos diversos.

Palavras-chave: Produção de recursos audiovisuais. Ensino remoto. Relato de experiência.
Estudo de um sistema de fechamento de unidade de fundição por pressão utilizando ferramentas de CAD e CAE
Authors: Josias Brum Dutra Elienai , Souza Rosa Josimar , Braun Anderson
Published: June 2021

Resumo
A fundição sob pressão consiste na injeção de um metal líquido para o interior de uma cavidade de um molde, submetendo o sistema a altas pressões e posterior resfriamento até sua solidificação. Entender o funcionamento de máquinas injetoras, assim como os fatores que influenciam para o bom desenvolvimento dessas máquinas, é fundamental para a área da engenharia mecânica, em geral. Assim, a proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar o projeto da unidade de fechamento de uma mini-injetora didática, utilizando-se de ferramentas de CAD (desenho assistido por computador) e CAE (engenharia assistida por computador). Através de uma pesquisa experimental, foi possível observar o comportamento do projeto, quanto à análise de movimentos e estática. Os resultados mostram um projeto eficiente, quanto ao modelamento e análise de movimentos, entretanto, a análise estática de tensões aponta para melhorias necessárias no modelo, como, redimensionamento das barras de articulação, nas quais as tensões ficaram sobrecarregadas.

Palavras-chave: Fundição sob pressão. Injetora de bancada. Unidade de fechamento.