bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
واقع الأداء الإداري للمشرفين التربويين من وجهة نظر معلمي التربية الرياضية في بغداد
Authors: محمد نادية نوري , الحيالي عماد عبد الكريم
Published: February 2021

ان الاهتمام بدراسة الاداء الاداري للمشرف التربوي يعود بالنفع والفائدة لمدارسنا الابتدائية في بلدنا الحبيب ويعد هذا من البحوث المهمة التي يجب العناية بها وذلك بسبب قلتها من جانب واهميتها على عطائهم وعملهم الاداري والتربوي والعلمي من جانب اخر لذا وتتجلى اهمية هذه الدارسة في ابراز انعكاسات دور الاداء الاداري للمشرف التربوي في النمو المهني لمعلمي التربية الرياضية وان اي مجهود من اجل نمو المعلم وتحسين مستواه له الاثر والاهمية في تطوير الموقف التعليمي من اجل النهوض بالتلميذ كونها عملية تعليمية تعاونية مشتركة ترتقي بأداء معلمي التربية الرياضية وتحقيق الاهداف التربوية والتعليمية لدروس التربية الرياضية من خلال وجود المرجعية المؤثرة في هذا الاداء والتوجيه والاشراف على عمل المعلمين وتتمثل بالمشرفين التربويين في المدارس الابتدائية وما يواجه المعلمين  من اختناقات ومواقف تعليمية حيث يقوم المشرف التربوي بإتاحة الفرص امامهم لتحقيق اهدافهم وتطوير ذاتهم كل ذلك يتحقق من خلال الاداء المتميز للنشاط الرياضي والمدرسي تؤهله لممارسة مهنته والارتقاء بمستوى اداءه وابداعاته الى اقصى حد ممكن وبذلك نتجاوز ونتغلب على التفاوت في الاداء الاداري للمشرف التربوي بحيث يكون سنداً ودرعاً حصيناً للمعلمين وللتلاميذ ومن هنا تكمن أهمية البحث في تحديد واقع الأداء الإداري للمشرفين التربويين من وجهة نظر معلمي التربية الرياضية في بغداد. اما مشكلة البحث: ان للأداء الاداري اهمية كبيرة للمشرفين العاملين في وزارة التربية والمدارس الابتدائية كونه منسقا العمل ومرشدا للعاملين في هذا المجال وللدراسات السابقة التي افرزت دوره في تطور العاملين في مجال التربية الرياضية ومن خلال اطلاع وملاحظة الباحثان على الدراسات والبحوث والنتائج ومن صميم عملها الميداني الرياضي في المدراس الابتدائية كونها مشرفة تربوية وجدت ان هنالك تفاوت في الاداء الاداري للمشرفين التربويين والتي يتبين انعكاساته فيما بعد على عمل مهام معلمي التربية الرياضية الذين بعهدتهم وواجباتهم مع تلاميذهم وبذلك نستطيع ان نضع التساؤل الاتي: هل يتسم الأداء الإداري للمشرفين التربويين في المدارس الابتدائية بالتميز والابداع؟ ويهدف البحث: معرفة واقع الاداء الاداري لمشرفي للمشرفين التربويين من وجهة نظر معلمي التربية الرياضية في بغداد ولتحقيق اهداف البحث استخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي ، تم تحديد مجتمع البحث من معلمي ومعلمات التربية الرياضية في المدارس التابعة للمديريات العامة للتربية محافظة بغداد والبالغ عددهم (1845) معلم ومعلمة من المديريات العامة للتربية في محافظة بغداد (الرصافة الأولى، الرصافة الثانية، الرصافة الثالثة، الكرخ الأولى، الكرخ الثانية، الكرخ الثالثة) اما عينة البحث اختيرت بالطريقة العشوائية من المديريات المذكورة أعلاه بواقع (450) بنسبة 24.39% معلم و معلمة أذ اختار الباحثان (75) معلم ومعلمة من كل مديريه، وبعد ذلك تم تقسيم هذه العينة وفق الشروط العلمية وقد استخدم الباحثان الوسائل الإحصائية اللازمة لذلك. وبعد ذلك قام الباحثان بمعالجة النتائج في الباب الرابح للحصول النتائج الخاصة بالبحث وتوصل الباحثان الى بعض الاستنتاجات اهمها: تميزت المستويات المعيارية للمقياسين الأداء الإداري باختلافات فيما بينها. تميزت العينة من المشرفين التربويين بالأداء الإداري
تأثير تمرينات مهارية بأسلوب التعلم التعاوني في تعليم مهارتي الطبطبة العالية والمناولة المرتدة بكرة السلة لطلاب الثاني المتوسط
Authors: علي ميثم سعدي , محمود اشراق علي
Published: February 2021

تكمن المقدمة وأهمية البحث في استخدام تمرينات مهارية باسلوب التعلم التعاوني ومعرفة مدى تاثيرها في تعليم مهارتي الطبطبة  العالية والمناولة المرتدة  بكرة السلة لطلاب الثاني المتوسط، كما وتطرق الباحثان إلى مشكلة البحث من خلال طرح الباحثان لعدة تساؤلات حول موضوع بحثه هل التمرينات المهارية بأسلوب التعلم التعاوني لها تأثير في تعليم مهارتي الطبطبة والمناولة المرتدة بكرة السلة لطلاب الثاني المتوسط ، وكان الهدف من البحث هو التعرف على تأثير التمرينات المهارية بأسلوب التعلم التعاوني في تعليم مهارتي الطبطبة والمناولة المرتدة  بكرة السلة لطلاب الثاني المتوسط  وأستخدم  الباحثان المنهج التجريبي لملائمته لطبيعة مشكلة البحث واهدافه ، وتم تطبيق مفردات البحث علي عينة البحث البالغ عددها (30) طالب ، وقد قسم الباحثان عينة البحث الى مجموعتين بطريقة القرعة، المجموعة التجريبية الاولى (اسلوب التعلم التعاوني)، والمجموعة الضابطة (الاسلوب التقليدي)، إذ تكون افراد كل مجموعة من (15) طالباً ،وتم عرض النتائج ومناقشتها ، وتوصل الباحثان إلى العديد من الاستنتاجات وكان أهمها أثرت التمرينات المهارية المعدة دور فاعل في تعليم مهارة المناولة المرتدة ومهارة الطبطبة العالية  لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة> أما أهم التوصيات التي يوصي بها الباحثان الاستفادة من التعلم التعاوني  في تعلم بعض المهارات الأساسية بكرة السلة لدى الطلاب وكذلك تعزيز تجربة استخدام اسلوب التعلم التعاوني  لدى مدرسي التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة  بعقد الدورات التدريبية لتنمية المهارات اللازمة لتطبيقها  .
Workplace Trust and Authentic Leadership as Predictors of Work-related Bullying among Staff Nurses
Authors: Aisha Elsayed-El Araby Abdelwahid
Published: February 2021

Background: Workplace trust is considered one of the most important factors for organizational success;trust can be achieved by authentic leaders when they are transparent and consistent toward their followers. Authentic leaders could make suitable work environment, where bullying doesn’t occur. Aim: Examine workplace trust and authentic leadership as predictors of work-related bullying among staff nurses. This study was carried out at Zagazig University hospitals, Egypt. For this research, a descriptive research design was used. Method: A stratified random sample of 403 staff nurses were selected from the aforementioned setting. Three tools were utilized for data collection: Authentic leadership questionnaire, workplace trust survey and negative acts questionnaire. Results: Proved highly statistically significant positive correlation between workplace trust and authentic leadership (r=0.853, p <0.001). Otherwise, workplace trust and authentic leadership were negatively and significantly correlated with workplace bullying (r=-0.473 & -0.519, respectively, p <0.001). Conclusion: authentic leadership and workplace trust are negative predictors of work-related bullying. Therefore, it is recommended to develop and implement authentic leadership practices a strategy for eliminating work-related bullying.
Robuste Milkrun-Prozesse
Authors: Kanz Alexander
Published: February 2021

Die klassische Versorgung der Produktion mit auf Zuruf operierenden Gabelstaplern birgt mehrere Probleme. Die Bereitstellung von Materialien in der für Gabelstapler üblichen Transportmenge führt zu hohen Beständen in der Produktion, was sich negativ auf Durchlaufzeit und Flächenverbrauch in der Produktion auswirkt. Da die Stapler häufig nicht zentral gesteuert werden, fallen zudem unnötige Leerfahrten an, zusätzliche Wege entstehen durch das zeitversetzte Abholen der Leergüter. Aufgrund einer unklaren Verfügbarkeit von Staplerfahrern werden die Transporte häufig auch durch Produktionsmitarbeiter ausgeführt, was zum Aufblähen der Produktionsprozesse mit Nebentätigkeiten führt. Die unregelmäßig verkehrenden Stapler führen außerdem zu Verkehrslastspitzen, die aufgrund der schlechten Einsehbarkeit des Bereichs vor der Gabel durch den Staplerfahrer ein Sicherheitsrisiko für Fußgänger darstellen.
Chancen der Digitalisierung in der Logistik
Authors: Lohmann Tobias
Published: February 2021

Die aktuell größte Herausforderung für Unternehmen? Die Digitalisierung. Für 79 Prozent der Unternehmen, die im Rahmen der Bitkom-Studie „Digitalisierung der Logistik“[1] befragt wurden, ist sie in ihrer Branche eine große Herausforderung.
Tourenoptimierung - kann doch jedes Navi?
Authors: Schal Paul , Lorse Maximilian
Published: February 2021

DHL, UPS und Hermes geben sich auf unseren Straßen heute die Klinke – respektive den Parkplatz in zweiter Reihe – in die Hand. Der Paketversand boomt in Zeiten des Onlinehandels und die Dienstleister müssen sich angesichts des weiterhin wachsenden Geschäfts grundsätzliche Fragen zur Tourenoptimierung stellen: Wie kommt die Aufteilung der Boten auf einzelne Gebiete zustande? Woher weiß man, ob der Bote auch den kürzesten Weg nimmt? Wie schafft man es, dass er genau einen Arbeitstag beschäftigt ist?
Rohrnetzgestaltung und -dimensionierung von Warmwasserpumpenheizungen für Mehrfamilienhäuser mit Radiatoren
Authors: Scholz Frank , Scholz Günter
Published: February 2021

Das heute übliche Nutzerverhalten bedingt neue Anforderungen bei der Gestaltung und Dimensionierung von Rohrnetzen von Warmwasserpumpenheizungen für Mehrfamilienhäuser mit Radiatoren. Der zweite Teil dieses Fachbeitrags (Teil 1 erschienen in HLH Bd. 71 (2020) Nr. 11-12, S. 20-25) beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie die Kennlinie des Regelventils beziehungsweise die Ventilautorität richtig bemessen wird, mit dem Ziel den Vordruck/ Differenzdruck an allen Heizkörpern unter allen möglichen Betriebsbedingungen konstant zu halten.
Types Of Surgical Treatment For Deviation Of The Nasal Septum
Authors:   Department Of Otolaryngology And Stomatology Tashkent Medical Academy, Uzbekistan, Khasanov U.S.
Published: February 2021

Deviation of the nasal septum - natural or acquired persistent displacement of bone or cartilaginous structures, nasal septum, accompanied by impaired nasal breathing.
Proactive distractor suppression elicited by statistical regularities in visual search
Authors: Huang Changrun , Vilotijević Ana , Theeuwes Jan , Donk Mieke
Published: February 2021

Irrelevant salient objects may capture our attention and interfere with visual search. Recently, it was shown that distraction by a salient object is reduced when it is presented more frequently at one location than at other locations. The present study investigates whether this reduced distractor interference is the result of proactive spatial suppression, implemented prior to display onset, or reactive suppression, occurring after attention has been directed to that location. Participants were asked to search for a shape singleton in the presence of an irrelevant salient color singleton which was presented more often at one location (the high-probability location) than at all other locations (the low-probability locations). On some trials, instead of the search task, participants performed a probe task, in which they had to detect the offset of a probe dot. The results of the search task replicated previous findings showing reduced distractor interference in trials in which the salient distractor was presented at the high-probability location as compared with the low-probability locations. The probe task showed that reaction times were longer for probes presented at the high-probability location than at the low-probability locations. These results indicate that through statistical learning the location that is likely to contain a distractor is suppressed proactively (i.e., prior to display onset). It suggests that statistical learning modulates the first feed-forward sweep of information processing by deprioritizing locations that are likely to contain a distractor in the spatial priority map.
Sizes dependence of electrothermal temperature of carbon nanotube films and evaluation method of electrical conductivity by thermal parameter
Authors: Wu Shaojun , Cha Suna , Hou Hongliang , Xue Xiang
Published: February 2021

Carbon nanotube films have a great potential for the application of flexible electrothermal film, most attention has been only devoted into aspects of three different electrical heating sections, including the temperature growth section, the steady-state maximum temperature section and the temperature decay section, of electric heating carbon nanotube films in terms of electrothermal characteristics, a systematical study concerning the sizes dependence of electrothermal characteristics is inadequate. Herein, quantitative expressions concerning electric heating temperature and geometrical dimension of carbon nanotube film were proposed, and according to the relationships, the steady-state temperature could be determined by the length, width, thickness or area of carbon nanotube film, as well as other electrical and thermal parameters. The results demonstrated that smaller area, length-to-width ratio and thickness are conducive to reach a higher electric heating temperature of films at same applied electrical power while hysteresis of response time and cooling time would not be introduced, comparing to other types of carbon nanotube films. These characteristics and the obtained quantitative relations could contribute to design of carbon nanotube films as electric heater efficiently. On the other hand, a method to estimate electrical conductivity of conductive film materials was proposed on the basis of the aforementioned relationships, which put forward a way of thinking from the thermal point of view.
Efektifitas Pengelolaan Retribusi Parkir Berdasarkan Perda No. 12 Tahun 2011 di Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Mattoasi Mattoasi , S. Makur Dharmawaty
Published: February 2021

Penelitian terdahulu menyatakan bahwa kemandirian keuangan daerah berdampak terhadap belanja pemerintah. Oleh karena itu pemerintah harus memaksimalkan pendapatan asli daerah termasuk retribusi parkir. Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan keuangan pemerintah daerah setelah Perda No.12 Tahun 2011 telah efektif diberlakukan di Pemerintah Kota Gorontalo. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektivitas pengelolaan retribusi parkir. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui pengumpulan data dokumen melalui Badan Keuangan Kota Gorontalo serta beberapa sumber dari website Kota Gorontalo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dari sektor retribusi parkir mengalami penurunan selama tahun 2018 walaupun kendaraan mengalami peningkatan setiap tahun di Kota Gorontalo.
The involvement of protein N-glycosylation in growth processes of Linum usitatissimum L.
Authors:   Kazan Institute of Biochemistry – Subdivision of FRС KazanSC of RAS, Larskaya Irina A. , Abdrahimov Farit A. ,   Kazan Institute of Biochemistry – Subdivision of FRС KazanSC of RAS, Fedina Evgenia O. ,   Kazan Institute of Biochemistry – Subdivision of FRС KazanSC of RAS
Published: February 2021

The effect of tunicamycin, the inhibitor of protein N-glycosylation, on the root and hypocotyl growth of flax seedlings (Linum usitatissimum L.) was studied. It is known that tunicamycin inhibits the first stage of the formation of the oligosaccharide precursor, which is necessary to initiate the synthesis of N-glycoproteins by inhibiting the activity of N-acetylglucosamine phosphotransferase. The blocking by tunicamycin (25 μM) the early stages of N-glycoprotein formation induced growth inhibition in flax seedlings depending on the age of the plants. So one-day-old seedlings, tunicamycin significantly suppressed the growth of hypocotyls and main roots but the inhibitory effect of the antibiotic on the roots was more significant. The tunicamycin effect on the hypocotyl growth began to appear 60 h after using the inhibitor, while the roots completely stopped growth after 30 h. In two-day-old tunicamycin-treated seedlings, hypocotyl elongation proceeded at approximately the same rate as in untreated plants and suppression of root growth was manifested only for 60 h. The vital staining of ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)-structures of control and tuncamycin-treated one-day-old flax seedlings by using of ER-TrackerTM Green dye revealed the growth inhibition was accompanied by the changes in the ER morphology. These results indicate the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER-lumen, due to an interruption in N-glycosylation of proteins. Thus, it is obvious that the process of N-glycosylation is necessary for the normal growth and development of flax seedlings, and the plant phenotype will be determined by a change in the status of N-glycosylation of specific glycoproteins.
Synthesis and some properties of compounds Cu2PrSb3S7 and Cu2ErSb3S7
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Agayeva Reyhan M.
Published: February 2021

The phase equilibrium in systems of CuSbS2 – PrSbS3 and CuSbS2 – ErSbS3 has been studied by physicochemical methods (Differential thermal analysis – DTA, X-ray diffraction phase analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy – SEM analysis and microhardness testing) and their T-x diagrams were drawn. It was determined that both systems are quazibinary and characterized by formation of Cu2LnSb3S7 -type (Ln = Pr, Er) compounds. Cu2PrSb3S7 melts congruently at 1050 K and is the phase with unstable content. Its dissolution zone changes within concentration interval of 32-37 mole% of PrSbS3. Cu2PrSb3S7 divides the system into two sub-systems: CuSbS2-Cu2PrSb3S7 and Cu2PrSb3S7-PrSbS3. Both of sub-systems are eutectic. The coordinates of the eutectic point are like following: 15 mole % PrSbS3, T = 740 K and 50 mole % PrSbS3, T = 790 K. Cu2ErSb3S7 melts at 920 K by decomposition. At 725K between Cu2ErSb3S7 and CuSbS2 compounds in content of 15 mole % of ErSbS3 is formed eutectic balance. 4 mole % of solid solution is formed on base of CuSbS2. Both compounds are crystallized by naffildite-type structure in the form of rhombic syngonia (Cu2PrSb3S7 – a = 1.444; b = 2.146; c = 0.3995 nm; z = 4; Cu2ErSb3S7 – a = 1.430; b = 2.128; c = 0.380 nm; z = 4; stereogroup Pbnm or Pbn21).
Refined description of momentum transfer in real liquid mixtures
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Bicbulatov Arnold Sh. , Usmanova Asia A. ,   Kazan National Research Technological University
Published: February 2021

Viscosity coefficients are required to calculate various heat and mass transfer processes. There is not strict theory that allows calculating viscosity coefficients in real systems. The kinetic theory of dense media for the model of solid sphere, which takes into account only the presence of its own volume of particles, allows us to calculate the transfer coefficients in ideal mixtures. A real mixture of different events the forces of attraction play a significant role in their characteristic behavior at different concentrations of the mixture. The problem of taking into account the real interaction between molecules can be solved using methods of thermodynamics irreversible processes. The formalism of such a solution of kinetic equations is based on a model representation of the behavior of molecules in real systems when indirectly obtaining information about a specific interaction of particles through the value of the chemical potential or activity. This work is a continuation of the development of other published works. To account for the interaction between molecules in real systems, a thermodynamic model of an ideal associated Prigogine solution is used. This model assumed that non-ideal systems can represented as ideal under certain conditions and assumes that attractive forces can act between particles. It is possible to form complexes and their interaction. In accordance with the definition of the chemical potential introduced by Lewis, real systems with particle density n_(i )are replaced by an equivalent ideal mixture with activity a. In this paper, we refine the generalized kinetic equations of dense media used as an ideal comparison system for real solutions. A new expression for the flow term in the kinetic equation is obtained.
"Electronic tongue" based on electrodes modified with polyarylenephthalides for recognition of model solutions of tryptophan
Authors:   Bashkir State University, Yarkaeva Yulia A. , Shestakova Elena V. ,   Bashkir State University, Nazyrov Marat I. ,   Bashkir State University, Zilberg Rufina A. ,   Bashkir State University, Maistrenko Valery N. ,   Bashkir State University
Published: February 2021

The effect of auxiliary substances in the composition of the dosage form (sucrose, lactose, talc and starch) on the voltammetric registration of tryptophan using two- and threesensor systems such as "electronic tongue" based on glassy carbon electrodes modified with polyarylenephthalides was studied. For the subsequent chemometric processing of the obtained data, the principal component analysis and soft independent modeling of class analogies were used. It has been shown that electrodes modified with various polyarylenephthalides have cross-sensitivity to four model solutions of tryptophan, each of which contains a certain auxiliary component. When the modified electrodes are used separately, the analyzed model solutions of tryptophan form clusters on the score plots of PCA that intersect with each other, which does not allow them to be reliably recognized. However, the combination of modified electrodes into two- and three-sensor systems due to cross-sensitivity makes it possible to obtain the PCA score plots, in which clusters of samples of model solutions of tryptophan intersect less or do not intersect at all, and, therefore, to recognize them with a high probability. In almost all cases of using two- and three-sensor systems, the classification sensitivity is 100%. When using modified electrodes separately, the specificity of the classification varies from 20 to 100%, when using two-sensor systems – from 50 to 100%. The specificity of the classification when using a three-sensor system is not less than 90%. The proposed sensor system, after additional studies, can be used to recognize medicines containing the same active substance, but different auxiliary components, and will also allow detecting the presence of impurities in medicines.
Rate constant of the reaction of the peroxyl radical of 1,4-dioxane with α-Tocopherol and trolox
Authors:   Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Semikasheva Olesya V. , Yakupova Lucia R. ,   Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Safiullin Rustam L. ,   Ufa Institute of Chemistry
Published: February 2021

The study of the properties of water-soluble antioxidants is of practical interest. Research is hindered by the fact that such substances are poorly soluble in substrates, which are most widespread in determining the quantitative characteristics of antioxidants. Usually it is cumene, ethylbenzene, styrene. In this work, we used a method based on a model reaction of the radical chain 1,4-dioxane oxidation. This substrate is the most suitable solvent for evaluating the water-soluble substances antioxidant activity. The inhibitory activity of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and trolox (a water-soluble analogue of α-tocopherol) was studied in a model system of radical chain 1,4-dioxane oxidation. Air oxygen served as the oxidizing agent. The experiments were carried out at 333 K. Initiation was carried out with 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile. The reaction kinetics was monitored by the rate of oxygen uptake using a manometric setup. In this work to measure the initiation rate, the inhibitors method is used. The standard α-tocopherol inhibitor was used for this purpose. α-Tocopherol is an effective inhibitor with a known stoichiometric inhibition ratio of two. The method used in our study makes it possible to measure correct the length of the induction period using the kinetics of oxygen absorption. The induction period was determined by graphical and integral methods. The initiation rate was calculated based on the induction period values. The resulting value is in satisfactory agreement with the data based on the literary value of the decay rate constant 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile. The rate constant of the reaction of the 1,4-dioxane peroxyl radical with α-tocopherol and trolox (fk7, L mol-1s-1, 333 K) was measured: (1.6 ± 0.1)∙106, (1.2 ± 0.1)∙106. The stoichiometric inhibition coefficient for trolox in the system of radical chain 1,4-dioxane oxidation was determined: f = 2.4 ± 0.2.
Neural network modeling of change in lactic acid concentration during continuous fermentation of bifidobacteria
Authors:   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Maklyaev Ilya V. , Lemetyuynen Yury A. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Nokhaeva Vera S. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Evdokimova Svetlana A. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Karetkin Boris A. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Guseva Elena V. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Dudarov Sergey P. ,   D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia
Published: February 2021

In this work the changes in the lactic acid concentration during continuous fermentation of bifidobacteria have been investigated to obtain a neural network mathematical description. The fermentation was carried out under the conditions close to those of the descending colon (maintaining pH of 6.8 with 20% sodium hydroxide; anaerobiosis; the medium dilution rate was 0.04 h-1). This colon section is characterized by a large number of microorganisms, as well as their enormous influence on the host organism. The researches were carried out with the probiotic strain of Bifidobacterium adolescentis VKPM Ac-1662 (ATCC 15703T), the concentrations of the prebiotic oligofructose were varied (2, 5, 10, 15 g/l). Until a dynamic equilibrium state and at least 36 h after that, the concentrations of lactic and acetic acids using the of high performance liquid chromatography, optical density and viable bacteria count (CFU/ml) were measured. The neural network was trained on the basis on the obtained experimental data. The multilayer perceptron was chosen as the main architecture of the neural network. The vectors of the training sample include 6 variables: 5 input and 1 output. The training took place synchronously using the error back propagation method. The general error of the neural network was 1.85%. It was proved that the neural network approach helps to well illustrate the influence of various factors on the course of biotechnological processes; it summarizes the multiple experimental data with an acceptable error. The resulting neural network mathematical description proves that the representativeness of the training sample is important for obtaining the most accurate mathematical description. Further researches are needed to obtain a mathematical description of the change in the all environment components concentration in the form of a complex of the trained artificial neural networks.
Evaluation of hepatoprotective activity of Hexafite in D-galactosamine hepatitis, antioxidant activity of the drug and its ingredients
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Ferubko Ekaterina V. , Lapin Anatoly A. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Dargaeva Tamara D. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Zelenkov Valery N. ,   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Published: February 2021

The expansion of research to find sources for obtaining new effective and safe medicines of plant origin, including those used in gastroenterological practice, is a pressing task of medical science, considering that the range of medicinal plant drugs used in practical health care is more than 40%. The results of the biochemical study of the hepatoprotective and choleretic activities of a Hexafite multicomponent extract obtaining from following types of raw materials: flowers of Helichrysum arenarium L. and Tanacetum vulgare L., fruits of Rosa sp., leaves of Urtica dioica L. and Mentha piperita L. and radices of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. were received. It is established that Hexafite per os administration of dose of 250 mg/kg to non-linear white rats with D-galactozamine induced liver injury has hepatoprotective and choleretic effects, exceeding Allocholum effect by some data. Pharmacotherapeutic effect of the extract in model of liver injury is due to the presence in it of a complex of biologically active substances, primarily compounds of phenolic nature. The inhibitory effect of Hexafite on free radical oxidation of lipids, stabilization of the biological membranes of liver cells with a subsequent increase in the functional activity of the liver is provided due to their dominant content. The obtained research results argue the expediency of the use of Hexafite containing biologically active substances of a phenolic nature in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. It is shown that the collection of bile action and the plants included in it have antioxidant activity in vitro. The experiment revealed a synergistic effect on the manifestation of the total antioxidant activity of the collection.
Study of antioxidant, anticoagulation and antiaggregational activity in vitro of a number of aliphatic and aromatic amino acid salts
Authors:   Samara University, Bondareva Natalia A. , Purygin Peotr P. ,   Samara University, Zarubin Yury P. ,   Samara University, Samorodov Alexandr V. ,   Samara University
Published: February 2021

Among the nitrogen-containing organic substances there are compounds with a dual function. Particularly important are amino acids. Strictly speaking, amino acids make up only one of the many families of organic compounds. Any organic molecule having at least one amino and one acid group may be assigned to this family. This generally means any hydrocarbon chain that may be branched, with or without other functional groups, aromatic rings, or any other organic structure. Therefore, it becomes clear that the number of amino acids that can be imagined is infinite. Today in Russia there is an urgent need to develop new and effective drugs for the treatment of various diseases. This important task involves organizing the production of new competitive domestic medicines on the market, the development of which is carried out on the basis of the results of fundamental scientific research in the field of organic synthesis. In this regard, derivatives and salts of amino acids are of great interest, due to their high reactivity and wide use in medical practice. We have studied the effect on the hemostasis system of derivatives based on amino acid salts, which is currently a key task of organic, bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. Consideration of the scientific literature on this topic showed the saturation and increasing interest in the influence of amino acid compounds throughout the world. The synthesis of amino acid salts and the study of their effect on the blood curability system was carried out, optimal synthesis methods for an organic compound were developed. Preliminary in vitro preclinical studies of the obtained compounds were carried out in order to find out the prospects for their further use.
The role of standards in the forensic examination of materials substances and products
Authors:   Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikotya, Zavialova Anna A. , Zavialov Vasily V. ,   27 Scientific Center of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the need for standardization of forensic activities. The need for standards to create an effective mechanism for the transition to a new level of forensic technologies in our country is due to the fact that it is necessary to optimize the use of special knowledge in legal proceedings, the exclusion of a large number of possible errors of experts. Expertise is of great importance in criminal cases, its importance cannot be overestimated. The reliability of the expert's conclusions, the completeness of his research, affects not only the correct legal qualification of the crime, but also the fate of the convicted person. The most common types of examinations of materials, substances and products are based on the use of standards, they are used on a par with devices and tools. Without them, it would be impossible to conduct a reliable forensic study. The use of standards in expert research is a necessary condition for compliance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 73-FZ of May 31, 2001 in terms of ensuring the scientific validity, objectivity and reproducibility of both the course of research, the results obtained, and those formulated on the basis of the expert's conclusions. At the same time, attention is drawn to the fact that the standardization of forensic activities should not limit the freedom of choice of methods and other tools provided for by the legislation of the expert when conducting a specific study. The process of producing expertise should remain creative, and the research itself should remain a scientific work in the full sense of the word. It is unacceptable to drive an expert into a strictly formalized framework and templates, since no standard can provide for all the nuances of conducting forensic examinations in specific criminal and administrative cases.
Confirmation of the suitability of the method of using ethanol as a reference substance for quantitative determination of volatile compounds in alcoholic beverages
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Cherepitsa Sergey V. , Sytova Svetlana N. ,   Institute for Nuclear Problems of Belarusian State University, Sobolenko Lidia  N. ,   Belarusian State University, Shevchenko Evgeny D. ,   Belarusian State University, Kolesnov Alexander Yu. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Tsimbalaev Sergey R. ,   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
Published: February 2021

Quality and safety control of alcohol products is an integral part of the work of laboratories for the food analysis. One of the most important safety indicators regulated worldwide is the chemical composition of an alcoholic beverages, namely the presence of characteristic and impurity volatile components. The list of controlled compounds includes acetaldehyde, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl and isoamyl alcohols, etc. Analysis of alcoholic beverages is a conservative field, since its results are closely associated with economic risks for the manufacturer, and also directly with the health of the population consuming this product. For this reason, the method, used for the analysis of alcoholic beverages, should be accurate, reproducible and simple for use. The authors have developed and described a method that satisfies the above requirements, based on the use of ethanol containing in alcoholic beverages as a reference substance for gas chromatographic analysis. Confirmation of the suitability of the proposed method for the analysis of a wide range of alcoholic beverages: whiskey, brandy, grappa, vodka, scotch tape, bourbon, brandy, calvados, sake, alcohol, rum, gin and tequila, is presented. The results, obtained by the proposed method are compared with the results obtained by the generally accepted traditional method of the internal standard using 2-pentanol. The repeatability and trueness of the both methods are evaluated. The relative difference between the results, obtained by the internal standard method, and the developed method did not exceed 2%.
Does a Narrow Definition of Medical Professionalism lead to Systemic Bias and Differential Outcomes?
Authors: Dave Ananta , Bhatti Naureen , Grover Joydeep , Geddes Rosanna , Chakravorty Triya , Mathew Satheesh , Sharma Shivani , Bamrah JS , Chakravorty Indranil
Published: February 2021

The concept of medical professionalism is enshrined in the principles of Good Medical Practice (GMP), upheld by the General Medical Council (GMC), and is applicable to all doctors as well as undergraduate students in the United Kingdom. The principles were conceived, developed and implemented to ensure that the highest standards of medical practice are adhered to for the safety of the public and to retain trust in the medical profession. The GMC has a statutory duty to ensure that professional standards are maintained. Approximately 1% of doctors on the medical register are subject to investigation by the GMC, based on referrals made by employing organisations or the public.

While appropriate GMC investigation is essential to maintain standards, patient safety and public confidence, there are inherent inequalities in the process resulting in widely different outcomes for certain groups of students or doctors based on Black and minority ethnicity, male gender and non-UK primary medical qualification often leading to devastating consequences.

This narrative review considers the contributors to differential attainment (DA) and the impact on the health service, patients and individual wellbeing. It explores the tenets of a current narrow definition of professionalism which, while representing the unidimensional White majority view, ignores the huge diversity of the workforce and the public, thus exposing significant tensions for groups of professionals.  The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed the inherent systemic bias in the health service for both professionals and the public. This review recommends root and branch reform of the definition of professionalism, by engagement with the public and the workforce, to incorporate principles of equality, diversity and inclusion, which the authors believe will create the environment for a just and equitable professional experience. 1
Constraining the Metallicities of Damped Lyα Systems Using Extinction Curves
Authors: Fathivavsari Hassan
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we present a new method to constrain the metallicities of high-redshift damped Lyα (DLA) absorbers using observed extinction curves. This is the first time such an approach is employed to constrain the metallicities of extragalactic absorbers. To demonstrate our method, we use the spectra of 13 quasars and one gamma-ray burst (GRB) with DLA absorbers detected along their sightlines. By using the Kramers–Kronig (KK) relation, which relates the wavelength-integrated extinction to the total volume occupied by dust per hydrogen nucleon, we set some robust lower limits on the metallicity of the DLAs. The resulting lower limits are all consistent with the DLA metallicities from the literature. The GRB extinction curve exhibits a very strong 2175 Å extinction bump. We try to constrain the metallicity of the GRB DLA by modeling the GRB extinction curve using dust models with two (graphite and silicates) and three (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, hydrogenated amorphous carbon, and silicates) dust components. The two-component model results in a metallicity of Z ∼ −0.45, while the three-component model gives Z ∼ −0.50. However, the lower limit from the KK approach for this DLA is Z ≥ −0.60. Modeling a large sample of extinction curves with a 2175 Å extinction bump and measured DLA metallicities would allow a thorough comparison between the KK and the model-dependent approach. In cases where the precise measurement of the metallicity of a DLA is not possible (e.g., due to the saturation of important absorption lines), the approach presented in this paper can be used to constrain the metallicity.
Claimed Detection of PH3 in the Clouds of Venus Is Consistent with Mesospheric SO2
Authors: Lincowski Andrew P. , Meadows Victoria S. , Crisp David , Akins Alex B. , Schwieterman Edward W. , Arney Giada N. , Wong Michael L. , Steffes Paul G. , Parenteau M. Niki , Domagal-Goldman Shawn
Published: February 2021

The observation of a 266.94 GHz feature in the Venus spectrum has been attributed to phosphine (PH3) in the Venus clouds, suggesting unexpected geological, chemical, or even biological processes. Since both PH3 and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are spectrally active near 266.94 GHz, the contribution to this line from SO2 must be determined before it can be attributed, in whole or part, to PH3. An undetected SO2 reference line, interpreted as an unexpectedly low SO2 abundance, suggested that the 266.94 GHz feature could be attributed primarily to PH3. However, the low SO2 and the inference that PH3 was in the cloud deck posed an apparent contradiction. Here we use a radiative transfer model to analyze the PH3 discovery, and explore the detectability of different vertical distributions of PH3 and SO2. We find that the 266.94 GHz line does not originate in the clouds, but above 80 km in the Venus mesosphere. This level of line formation is inconsistent with chemical modeling that assumes generation of PH3 in the Venus clouds. Given the extremely short chemical lifetime of PH3 in the Venus mesosphere, an implausibly high source flux would be needed to maintain the observed value of 20 ± 10 ppb. We find that typical Venus SO2 vertical distributions and abundances fit the JCMT 266.94 GHz feature, and the resulting SO2 reference line at 267.54 GHz would have remained undetectable in the ALMA data due to line dilution. We conclude that nominal mesospheric SO2 is a more plausible explanation for the JCMT and ALMA data than PH3.
Close Companions to the T Tauri Stars CVSO 109 and CVSO 165 Observed by the HST ULLYSES Program
Authors: Proffitt Charles R. , Roman-Duval Julia , Taylor Joanna M. , Monroe TalaWanda R. , Fischer Travis C. , Fischer William J. , Fullerton A. W. , Aloisi Alessandra , Britt Christopher T. , Busko Ivo , Carlberg Joleen K. , De Rosa Gisella , Frazer Elaine M. , Hernandez Svea , Hirschauer Alec S. , James Bethan L. , Jedrzejewski R. I. , Lockwood Sean , Oliveira Cristina , Plesha Rachel J. , Riedel Adric R. , Riley Allyssa , Sahnow David J. , Sankrit Ravi , Shaw Richard A. , Smith Linda J. , Sohn Sangmo Tony , Som Debopam , Ubeda Leonardo , Welty Daniel E.
Published: February 2021

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Ultraviolet Legacy Library of Young Stars as Essential Standards (ULLYSES) program is a HST Director's Discretionary program that is in the process of obtaining a large library of ultraviolet spectroscopic observations of young stars of both high and low masses. We present information on close companions to the T Tauri stars CVSO 109 and CVSO 165 in Orion that were observed with the HST as part of this program. CVSO 109 has a fainter companion at an angular separation ρ = 0.″64 near PA = 218° and Δ(F28X50LP) ≈ 0.6  mag, while the CVSO 165 companion is at ρ = 0.″30 near PA = 326° with Δ(F28X50LP) ≈ 1.7  mag. Both components of CVSO 165 appear to be active stars with strong emission features, while the CVSO 109 companion shows only modest indications of stellar activity. Extracted spectra for each of these components will be included in ULLYSES Data Release 2.
A Time Resolved View of the X-Ray Spectral Variability of the Seyfert-1 Galaxy ESO 511-G030
Authors: Pal Main
Published: February 2021

The origin of the Soft X-ray excess in the spectra of several nearby active galactic nucleus is still highly debated. In this work we report the monotonic spectral hardening of a nearby bare Seyfert galaxy ESO 511-G030 over a time period of ∼110 ks. We found that both the soft (0.3–2  keV) and the hard X-ray (2–10  keV) bands have shown interesting variability during the 110 ks observation. The soft X-ray flux shows a sharp drop in the last ∼50 ks, by ∼30%, while the hard X-ray flux initially increased and then decreased. The overall effect of these variations is a monotonic increase in the hardness ratio. We conclude that: (A) The soft X-ray flux variations may be related to the changes in the primary hard X-ray. (B) The soft X-ray flux decreases by ∼36% in a timespan of ∼50 ks, indicating that its origin could be from a region as close as <0.5 light-day from the supermassive black hole. A detailed hardness ratio resolved spectral analysis with state-of-the-art reflection models will be reported in a future paper.
Café (Coffea L): matéria-prima, processamento e qualidade
Authors: Cassiele Costa de Paula Nathalia , Caldeira Silva Flávio
Published: February 2021

Fruto do cafeeiro (Coffea sp.), a bebida café é elaborada a partir de grãos de café torrado ou café solúvel que são oriundos da industrialização de grãos de café cru. E com condições climáticas favoráveis, o café se adaptou facilmente em solos brasileiros, após ter chegado em meados de 1727. Atualmente, sabe-se que a composição química do grão de café é influenciada por vários fatores como clima, o solo, manejo pré-colheita e pós-colheita, região, armazenamento e altitude. E estas determinam as inúmeras características sensoriais e qualitativas, ao submeter o grão cru ao processo de torrefação, processo este no qual ocorrem reações responsáveis por cada uma das características sensoriais do produto acabado. Com o auxílio de artigos científicos e livros foi possível descrever todo o processamento do café cru, desde seu plantio até o produto final, incluindo o que é determinado pelas legislações vigentes. Observou-se que há diversos tipos de manejo do café no campo e que cada indústria é responsável por produzir seu blend de acordo com a preferência de seus consumidores.  Assim, para assegurar um produto final de qualidade, e ao mesmo tempo competitivo no mercado, é fundamental investir em matérias-primas de qualidade e acompanhar as boas práticas durante todo o processamento, garantindo assim a satisfação do consumidor e um produto de qualidade.
Utilização do kombucha como cultura inoculadora em leite: considerações sobre melhores parâmetros fermentativos
Authors: Rodrigues Caique Silva , Matos Márcia Figueiras Rebelo de , Furtunato Dalva Maria da Nóbrega
Published: February 2021

O kombucha é uma associação simbiótica entre bactérias do ácido acético e leveduras, na forma de biofilme de celulose, produzido pela fermentação de chás preto ou verde adoçados, tendo a sacarose como substrato. No entanto, investigações sugerem a inoculação do kombucha em leite, sendo a lactose a molécula fornecedora de carbono que alimenta a cultura e promove a fermentação.  Essa é uma promissora substituição na indústria de laticínios para a obtenção de ácido lático, uma vez que os produtos lácteos fermentados são populares, em decorrência de suas propriedades nutricionais e sensoriais. O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa acerca da utilização do leite como meio para a fermentação da cultura de kombucha, analisando as principais condições empregadas, realizando um comparativo de suas implicações nos atributos físico-químicos, reológicos e sensoriais dos produtos elaborados e verificando os melhores parâmetros associados. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca avançada de artigos científicos em plataformas de dados online. Os resultados foram apresentados em forma de tabela, sendo analisados qualitativa e quantitativamente. Foi confirmada a possibilidade da utilização do leite como substrato para a cultura de kombucha, observando-se que as condições empregadas no preparo interferem diretamente na qualidade do produto final. Em síntese, a análise dos estudos encontrados permitiu considerar que a maioria dos autores preferiram aplicar em seus sistemas: temperatura de 42 °C; leite magro (0,8-0,9% de gordura); inóculo de kombucha fermentado em chá preto e na concentração de 10% para adição na fermentação do leite.
Extensão universitária e formação sociotécnica: estratégias para a graduação em Sistemas de Informação
Authors: Cafezeiro Isabel , Da Costa Leonardo Cruz
Published: February 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar a importância da extensão universitária e da abordagem sociotécnica na configuração do campo de Sistemas de Informação. A metodologia adotada consistiu em alinhavar a história de formação da Ciência da Computação e seu sub-campo Sistemas de Informação com os estudos de currículos sob a luz de Teorias Críticas.  Além disso, é apresentado um estudo de caso abordando a disciplina Computação e Sociedade. Como principal resultado este artigo justifica a importância da atividade de extensão na efetivação da abordagem sociotécnica. Por fim, com base na conjuntura do campo de Sistemas de Informação, são elaboradas algumas reflexões acerca da exigência do Plano Nacional de Educação de que, até 2024, todo curso de graduação incorpore ao seu currículo 10% da carga horária em extensão.
Agências de inovação nas universidades: uma análise sob a ótica da sua relação com a tecnologia social
Authors: Pintucci Giovanni Oliva , Fraga Lais Silveira
Published: February 2021

Ao partir do fato de que as agências de inovação apresentam um histórico predominantemente mercadológico, o artigo busca analisar sua complexa relação com a Tecnologia Social (TS), apresentando se, como e por que tais iniciativas são incluídas no cotidiano dessas instituições. Para tanto, fez-se um estudo multicaso com as agências Agir da Universidade Federal Fluminense e Inova da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Foram realizadas entrevistas com seus dirigentes, bem como revisão bibliográfica sobre a temática. Os resultados apontam que ações de cunho socioambiental podem partir, por um lado, da Economia Solidária e, por outro, do Empreendedorismo Social. Contribuindo para uma compreensão inicial e exploratória sobre o tema, a pesquisa sugere que o fomento às iniciativas de TS deve ser feito em complemento àquele voltado ao desenvolvimento científico convencional, pois é a missão das agências, como parte da universidade, atuar em prol do enfrentamento das questões socioeconômicas.