bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FADS1-arachidonic acid axis enhances arachidonic acid metabolism by altering intestinal microecology in colorectal cancer
Authors: Xu Chunjie , Gu Lei , Hu Lipeng , Jiang Chunhui , Li Qing , Sun Longci , Zhou Hong , Liu Ye , Xue Hanbing , Li Jun , Zhang Zhigang , Zhang Xueli , Xu Qing
Published: April 2023

Colonocyte metabolism shapes the microbiome. Metabolites are the main mediators of information exchange between intestine and microbial communities. Arachidonic acid (AA) is an essential polyunsaturated fatty acid and its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unexplored. In this study, we show that AA feeding promotes tumor growth in AOM/DSS and intestinal specific Apc−/− mice via modulating the intestinal microecology of increased gram-negative bacteria. Delta-5 desaturase (FADS1), a rate-limiting enzyme, is upregulated in CRC and effectively mediates AA synthesis. Functionally, FADS1 regulates CRC tumor growth via high AA microenvironment-induced enriched gram-negative microbes. Elimination of gram-negative microbe abolishes FADS1 effect. Mechanistically, gram-negative microbes activate TLR4/MYD88 pathway in CRC cells that contributes FADS1-AA axis to metabolize to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Cumulatively, we report a potential cancer-promoting mechanism of FADS1-AA axis in CRC that converts raising synthesized AA to PGE2 via modulating the intestinal microecology of gram-negative.
Charge order driven by multiple-Q spin fluctuations in heavily electron-doped iron selenide superconductors
Authors: Chen Ziyuan , Li Dong , Lu Zouyouwei , Liu Yue , Zhang Jiakang , Li Yuanji , Yin Ruotong , Li Mingzhe , Zhang Tong , Dong Xiaoli , Yan Ya-Jun , Feng Dong-Lai
Published: April 2023

Intertwined spin and charge orders have been widely studied in high-temperature superconductors, since their fluctuations may facilitate electron pairing; however, they are rarely identified in heavily electron-doped iron selenides. Here, using scanning tunneling microscopy, we show that when the superconductivity of (Li0.84Fe0.16OH)Fe1-xSe is suppressed by introducing Fe-site defects, a short-ranged checkerboard charge order emerges, propagating along the Fe-Fe directions with an approximately 2aFe period. It persists throughout the whole phase space tuned by Fe-site defect density, from a defect-pinned local pattern in optimally doped samples to an extended order in samples with lower Tc or non-superconducting. Intriguingly, our simulations indicate that the charge order is likely driven by multiple-Q spin density waves originating from the spin fluctuations observed by inelastic neutron scattering. Our study proves the presence of a competing order in heavily electron-doped iron selenides, and demonstrates the potential of charge order as a tool to detect spin fluctuations.
High economic costs of reduced carbon sinks and declining biome stability in Central American forests
Authors: Baumbach Lukas , Hickler Thomas , Yousefpour Rasoul , Hanewinkel Marc
Published: April 2023

Tropical forests represent important supporting pillars for society, supplying global ecosystem services (ES), e.g., as carbon sinks for climate regulation and as crucial habitats for unique biodiversity. However, climate change impacts including implications for the economic value of these services have been rarely explored before. Here, we derive monetary estimates for the effect of climate change on climate regulation and habitat services for the forests of Central America. Our results projected ES declines in 24–62% of the study region with associated economic costs of $51–314 billion/year until 2100. These declines particularly affected montane and dry forests and had strong economic implications for Central America’s lower-middle income countries (losses of up to 335% gross domestic product). In addition, economic losses were mostly higher for habitat services than for climate regulation. This highlights the need to expand the focus from mere maximization of CO2 sequestration and avoid false incentives from carbon markets.
Cryo-EM structures of mitochondrial ABC transporter ABCB10 in apo and biliverdin-bound form
Authors: Cao Sheng , Yang Yihu , He Lili , Hang Yumo , Yan Xiaodong , Shi Hui , Wu Jiaquan , Ouyang Zhuqing
Published: April 2023

ABCB10, a member of ABC transporter superfamily that locates in the inner membrane of mitochondria, plays crucial roles in hemoglobin synthesis, antioxidative stress and stabilization of the iron transporter mitoferrin-1. Recently, it was found that ABCB10 is a mitochondrial biliverdin exporter. However, the molecular mechanism of biliverdin export by ABCB10 remains elusive. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of ABCB10 in apo (ABCB10-apo) and biliverdin-bound form (ABCB10-BV) at 3.67 Å and 2.85 Å resolution, respectively. ABCB10-apo adopts a wide-open conformation and may thus represent the apo form structure. ABCB10-BV forms a closed conformation and biliverdin situates in a hydrophobic pocket in one protomer and bridges the interaction through hydrogen bonds with the opposing one. We also identify cholesterols sandwiched by BVs and discuss the export dynamics based on these structural and biochemical observations.
Removing artefacts and periodically retraining improve performance of neural network-based seizure prediction models
Authors: Lopes Fábio , Leal Adriana , Pinto Mauro F. , Dourado António , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Dümpelmann Matthias , Teixeira César
Published: April 2023

The development of seizure prediction models is often based on long-term scalp electroencephalograms (EEGs) since they capture brain electrical activity, are non-invasive, and come at a relatively low-cost. However, they suffer from major shortcomings. First, long-term EEG is usually highly contaminated with artefacts. Second, changes in the EEG signal over long intervals, known as concept drift, are often neglected. We evaluate the influence of these problems on deep neural networks using EEG time series and on shallow neural networks using widely-used EEG features. Our patient-specific prediction models were tested in 1577 hours of continuous EEG, containing 91 seizures from 41 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who were undergoing pre-surgical monitoring. Our results showed that cleaning EEG data, using a previously developed artefact removal method based on deep convolutional neural networks, improved prediction performance. We also found that retraining the models over time reduced false predictions. Furthermore, the results show that although deep neural networks processing EEG time series are less susceptible to false alarms, they may need more data to surpass feature-based methods. These findings highlight the importance of robust data denoising and periodic adaptation of seizure prediction models.
Single-cell analysis reveals novel clonally expanded monocytes associated with IL1β–IL1R2 pair in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Li Meng , Song Jihe , Yin Pengqi , Chen Hongping , Wang Yingju , Xu Chen , Jiang Fangchao , Wang Haining , Han Baichao , Du Xinshu , Wang Wei , Li Guozhong , Zhong Di
Published: April 2023

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disorder wherein the composition and gene expression patterns of peripheral blood immune cells change significantly. It is triggered by antigens with similar epitopes to Schwann cells that stimulate a maladaptive immune response against peripheral nerves. However, an atlas for peripheral blood immune cells in patients with GBS has not yet been constructed. This is a monocentric, prospective study. We collected 5 acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) patients and 3 healthy controls hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from December 2020 to May 2021, 3 AIDP patients were in the peak stage and 2 were in the convalescent stage. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these patients. Furthermore, we performed cell clustering, cell annotation, cell–cell communication, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identification and pseudotime trajectory analysis. Our study identified a novel clonally expanded CD14+ CD163+ monocyte subtype in the peripheral blood of patients with AIDP, and it was enriched in cellular response to IL1 and chemokine signaling pathways. Furthermore, we observed increased IL1β–IL1R2 cell–cell communication between CD14+ and CD16+ monocytes. In short, by analyzing the single-cell landscape of the PBMCs in patients with AIDP we hope to widen our understanding of the composition of peripheral immune cells in patients with GBS and provide a theoretical basis for future studies.
Characterisation of NPFF-expressing neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord
Authors: Quillet Raphaëlle , Dickie Allen C. , Polgár Erika , Gutierrez-Mecinas Maria , Bell Andrew M. , Goffin Luca , Watanabe Masahiko , Todd Andrew J.
Published: April 2023

Excitatory interneurons in the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) are heterogeneous, and include a class known as vertical cells, which convey information to lamina I projection neurons. We recently used pro-NPFF antibody to reveal a discrete population of excitatory interneurons that express neuropeptide FF (NPFF). Here, we generated a new mouse line (NPFFCre) in which Cre is knocked into the Npff locus, and used Cre-dependent viruses and reporter mice to characterise NPFF cell properties. Both viral and reporter strategies labelled many cells in the SDH, and captured most pro-NPFF-immunoreactive neurons (75–80%). However, the majority of labelled cells lacked pro-NPFF, and we found considerable overlap with a population of neurons that express the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). Morphological reconstruction revealed that most pro-NPFF-containing neurons were vertical cells, but these differed from GRPR neurons (which are also vertical cells) in having a far higher dendritic spine density. Electrophysiological recording showed that NPFF cells also differed from GRPR cells in having a higher frequency of miniature EPSCs, being more electrically excitable and responding to a NPY Y1 receptor agonist. Together, these findings indicate that there are at least two distinct classes of vertical cells, which may have differing roles in somatosensory processing.
The effect of thermal photons on exceptional points in coupled resonators
Authors: Chimczak Grzegorz , Kowalewska-Kudłaszyk Anna , Lange Ewelina , Bartkiewicz Karol , Peřina Jan
Published: April 2023

We analyse two quantum systems with hidden parity-time ($${\mathscr {P}\mathscr {T}}$$

P
T

) symmetry: one is an optical device, whereas another is a superconducting microwave-frequency device. To investigate their symmetry, we introduce a damping frame (DF), in which loss and gain terms for a given Hamiltonian are balanced. We show that the non-Hermitian Hamiltonians of both systems can be tuned to reach an exceptional point (EP), i.e., the point in parameter space at which a transition from broken to unbroken hidden $${\mathscr {P}\mathscr {T}}$$

P
T

symmetry takes place. We calculate a degeneracy of a Liouvillian superoperator, which is called the Liouvillian exceptional point (LEP), and show that, in the optical domain, LEP is equivalent to EP obtained from the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian (HEP). We also report breaking the equivalence between LEP and HEP by a non-zero number of thermal photons for the microwave-frequency system.
Simulating of effective conductivity for graphene–polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Vatani Mostafa , Zare Yasser , Gharib Nima , Rhee Kyong Yop , Park Soo-Jin
Published: April 2023

The efficient conductivity of graphene-polymer systems is expressed supposing graphene, tunneling and interphase components. The volume shares and inherent resistances of the mentioned components are used to define the efficient conductivity. Besides, the percolation start and the share of graphene and interphase pieces in the nets are formulated by simple equations. Also, the resistances of tunneling and interphase parts are correlated to graphene conductivity and their specifications. Suitable arrangements among experimented data and model’s estimates as well as the proper trends between efficient conductivity and model’s parameters validate the correctness of the novel model. The calculations disclose that the efficient conductivity improves by low percolation level, dense interphase, short tunnel, large tunneling pieces and poor polymer tunnel resistivity. Furthermore, only the tunneling resistance can govern the electron transportation between nanosheets and efficient conductivity, while the big amounts of graphene and interphase conductivity cannot play a role in the efficient conductivity.
Adsorption and separation of Cs(I) and Ba(II) from aqueous solution using zinc ferrite-humic acid nanocomposite
Authors: Abdel Maksoud M. I. A. , Murad G. A. , Zaher W. F. , Hassan H. S.
Published: April 2023

Reclaimable adsorbents have an essential role in removing radionuclides from waste streams. Herein, zinc ferrite-humic acid ZFO/HA nanocomposite was synthesized for effective cesium and barium adsorption. The prepared ZFO/HA nanocomposite was analyzed using analytical techniques including XRD, FTIR, EDX, and SEM. From kinetic studies, the mechanism adsorption process follows the second model. The isotherm studies clarified that the Langmuir model fit the adsorption of both ions onto the prepared sample, and the monolayer capacities are equal to 63.33 mg/g and 42.55 mg/g for Ba(II) and Cs(I), respectively. The temperature parameter was also studied, and the adsorption reaction was spontaneous and endothermic. The maximum separation between two ions was achieved at pH 5 (αCs/Ba = 3.3).
Genome-wide characterization and comparative analysis of the OSCA gene family and identification of its potential stress-responsive members in legumes
Authors: Chakraborty Srija , Gangwar Rashmi , Zahra Shafaque , Poddar Nikita , Singh Amarjeet , Kumar Shailesh
Published: April 2023

Cicer arietinum, Cajanus cajan, Vigna radiata, and Phaseolus vulgaris are economically important legume crops with high nutritional value. They are negatively impacted globally by different biotic and abiotic stresses. Hyperosmolality-gated calcium-permeable channels (OSCA) have been characterized as osmosensors in Arabidopsis thaliana but have not previously reported in legumes. This study provides a genome-wide identification, characterization, and comparative analysis of OSCA genes in legumes. Our study identified and characterized 13 OSCA genes in C. cajan, V. radiata, P. vulgaris, and 12 in C. arietinum, classified into four distinct clades. We found evidence to suggest that the OSCAs might be involved in the interaction between hormone signalling pathways and stress signalling pathways. Furthermore, they play a major role in plant growth and development. The expression levels of the OSCAs vary under different stress conditions in a tissue-specific manner. Our study can be used to develop a detailed understanding of stress regulatory mechanisms of the OSCA gene family in legumes.
Structural basis of spike RBM-specific human antibodies counteracting broad SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Shitaoka Kiyomi , Higashiura Akifumi , Kawano Yohei , Yamamoto Akima , Mizoguchi Yoko , Hashiguchi Takao , Nishimichi Norihisa , Huang Shiyu , Ito Ayano , Ohki Shun , Kanda Miyuki , Taniguchi Tomohiro , Yoshizato Rin , Azuma Hitoshi , Kitajima Yasuo , Yokosaki Yasuyuki , Okada Satoshi , Sakaguchi Takemasa , Yasuda Tomoharu
Published: April 2023

The decrease of antibody efficacy to mutated SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD explains the breakthrough infections and reinfections by Omicron variants. Here, we analyzed broadly neutralizing antibodies isolated from long-term hospitalized convalescent patients of early SARS-CoV-2 strains. One of the antibodies named NCV2SG48 is highly potent to broad SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5. To reveal the mode of action, we determined the sequence and crystal structure of the Fab fragment of NCV2SG48 in a complex with spike RBD from the original, Delta, and Omicron BA.1. NCV2SG48 is from a minor VH but the multiple somatic hypermutations contribute to a markedly extended binding interface and hydrogen bonds to interact with conserved residues at the core receptor-binding motif of RBD, which efficiently neutralizes a broad spectrum of variants. Thus, eliciting the RBD-specific B cells to the longitudinal germinal center reaction confers potent immunity to broad SARS-CoV-2 variants emerging one after another.
Harmonizing across datasets to improve the transferability of drug combination prediction
Authors: Zhang Hanrui , Wang Ziyan , Nan Yiyang , Zagidullin Bulat , Yi Daiyao , Tang Jing , Guan Yuanfang
Published: April 2023

Combination treatment has multiple advantages over traditional monotherapy in clinics, thus becoming a target of interest for many high-throughput screening (HTS) studies, which enables the development of machine learning models predicting the response of new drug combinations. However, most existing models have been tested only within a single study, and these models cannot generalize across different datasets due to significantly variable experimental settings. Here, we thoroughly assessed the transferability issue of single-study-derived models on new datasets. More importantly, we propose a method to overcome the experimental variability by harmonizing dose–response curves of different studies. Our method improves the prediction performance of machine learning models by 184% and 1367% compared to the baseline models in intra-study and inter-study predictions, respectively, and shows consistent improvement in multiple cross-validation settings. Our study addresses the crucial question of the transferability in drug combination predictions, which is fundamental for such models to be extrapolated to new drug combination discovery and clinical applications that arede factodifferent datasets.
Stimulated Raman scattering metrology of molecular hydrogen
Authors: Lamperti Marco , Rutkowski Lucile , Ronchetti Daniele , Gatti Davide , Gotti Riccardo , Cerullo Giulio , Thibault Franck , Jóźwiak Hubert , Wójtewicz Szymon , Masłowski Piotr , Wcisło Piotr , Polli Dario , Marangoni Marco
Published: April 2023

Frequency combs have revolutionized optical frequency metrology, allowing one to determine highly accurate transition frequencies of a wealth of molecular species. These progresses have only marginally benefited infrared-inactive transitions, due to their inherently weak cross-sections. Here we overcome this limitation by introducing stimulated-Raman-scattering metrology, where a frequency comb is exploited to calibrate the frequency detuning between the pump and Stokes excitation lasers. We apply this approach to the investigation of molecular hydrogen, which is a recognized benchmark for tests of quantum electrodynamics and of theories that describe physics beyond the standard model. Specifically, we measure the transition frequency of the Q(1) fundamental line of H2 around 4155 cm−1 with few parts-per-billion uncertainty, which is comparable to the theoretical benchmark of ab initio calculations and more than a decade better than the experimental state of the art. Our comb-calibrated stimulated Raman scattering spectrometer extends the toolkit of optical frequency metrology as it can be applied, with simple technical changes, to many other infrared-inactive transitions, over a 50-5000 cm−1 range that covers also purely rotational bands.
Tectonic settings influence the geochemical and microbial diversity of Peru hot springs
Authors: Upin Heather E. , Newell Dennis L. , Colman Daniel R. , Boyd Eric S.
Published: April 2023

Tectonic processes control hot spring temperature and geochemistry, yet how this in turn shapes microbial community composition is poorly understood. Here, we present geochemical and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing data from 14 hot springs from contrasting styles of subduction along a convergent margin in the Peruvian Andes. We find that tectonic influence on hot spring temperature and geochemistry shapes microbial community composition. Hot springs in the flat-slab and back-arc regions of the subduction system had similar pH but differed in geochemistry and microbiology, with significant relationships between microbial community composition, geochemistry, and geologic setting. Flat-slab hot springs were chemically heterogeneous, had modest surface temperatures (up to 45 °C), and were dominated by members of the metabolically diverse phylum Proteobacteria. Whereas, back-arc hot springs were geochemically more homogenous, exhibited high concentrations of dissolved metals and gases, had higher surface temperatures (up to 81 °C), and host thermophilic archaeal and bacterial lineages.
Li ion diffusion behavior of Li3OCl solid-state electrolytes with different defect structures: insights from the deep potential model
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Ma Zhongyun , Pei Yong
Published: April 2023

The dynamic behaviors of the Li3OCl system with Li-Frenkel, LiCl-Schottky, Cl–O anti-site disorder defects were calculated using the deep potential model.
Allergenicity evaluation of five types of commercial food-derived oligopeptide products
Authors: Xiong Wenwen , Zhang Qiuyu , Wang Junjuan , Hao Mengzhen , Zeng Binghui , Che Huilian
Published: April 2023

Though derived from allergic food, oligopeptide products have low allergenicity and may be exempted from allergen labeling if the industrial production conditions are well controlled.
Enhanced UV stability of 2D perovskites (HO(CH2)4NH3)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 due to hydrogen bonding
Authors: Yang Kaimeng , Shao Baiyi , Guo Aoping , Cui Fangming , Yang Xiaojing
Published: April 2023

The 2D perovskites (HO(CH2)4NH3)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 showed improved UV stability due to the hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of the organic spacer cations HO(CH2)4NH3+, compared with that of (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2PbI4 without the hydrogen bonds.
Role of the branched PEG-b-PLLA chain in morphological structures and thermodynamics for PEG-b-PLLA-g-glucose copolymers with different architectures
Authors: Guo Mingwei , Wu Wenjing , Wu Weixin , Wang Ruizhe , Gao Qinwei
Published: April 2023

The branched poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid)-glucose (PEG-b-PLLA-g-glucose) copolymers were synthesized by using CDI as the bonding agent. The specific presumed structural clustering according to the architectures of the PEG-b-PLLA-g-glucose copolymers.
First-principles study on the electronic structure and photocatalytic property of a novel two-dimensional ZrS2/InSe heterojunction
Authors: Luan Lijun , Sun Kaili , Zhang Di , Bai Kaiyang , Han Liuyang , Xu Changyan , Li Long , Duan Li
Published: April 2023

Photocatalytic water cracking technology provides a broad prospect for solving the current energy crisis using solar energy and water resources.
Tristate ferroelectric memory effect attained by tailoring the ferroelectric behavior in Bi1/2(Na0.8K0.2)1/2TiO3 with Eu doping
Authors: Hu Yang , Zhang Huazhang , Zhou Jing , Shen Jie , Chen Binbin , Li Ang , Chen Wen
Published: April 2023

By Eu doping, the relaxor behavior of BNKT is tailored to meet the tristate ferroelectric memory effect. The principle and the feasibility of this effect have been thoroughly illustrated both by theory and by experimental verification test.
Fully integrated design of a stretchable kirigami-inspired micro-sized zinc–sulfur battery
Authors: Amiri Ahmad , Bashandeh Kian , Sellers Ronald , Vaught Louis , Naraghi Mohammad , Polycarpou Andreas A.
Published: April 2023

This study presents the design and fabrication of the inaugural kirigami-inspired stretchable zinc–sulfur (Zn–S) battery with remarkable electro-chemo-mechanical properties.
PVA–FeCl3 composites as substrate and packaging materials for the controlled degradation of non-degradable metals in transient electronics
Authors: Mittal Neeru , Jang Tae-Min , Hwang Suk-Won , Niederberger Markus
Published: April 2023

We present a PVA–FeCl3 composite as a substrate and packaging material that can initiate the controlled dissolution of non-transient metals such as Al and Cu in water.
Detection of saxitoxin by a SERS aptamer sensor based on enzyme cycle amplification technology
Authors: Bai Xinna , Gong Weifang , Guo Yaxin , Zhu Di , Li Xuemei
Published: April 2023

Through the use of signal amplification technology and SERS, specific and quantitative detection of STX was carried out.
Does non-thermal plasma modify biopolymers in solution? A chemical and mechanistic study for alginate
Authors: Tampieri Francesco , Espona-Noguera Albert , Labay Cédric , Ginebra Maria-Pau , Yusupov Maksudbek , Bogaerts Annemie , Canal Cristina
Published: April 2023

The mutual interaction between reactive species generated by non-thermal plasma and biopolymers in solution causes oxidative modifications that can have an impact in biomedical applications.
A visible light mediated alkyl sulfonylative cascade using Hantzsch estersviaSO2insertion
Authors: Halder Indranil , Nair Akshay M. , Volla Chandra M. R.
Published: April 2023

A highly regio- and diastereoselective, 4-CzIPN catalyzed alkyl sulfonylative cascade of alkynyl tethered cyclohexadienones with Hantzsch esters and DABSO was developed to access functionalized dihydrochromenones.
Post-synthetic atomically precise single-CuII sites in a thiacalix[4]arene-supported octahedral Na@Co24 cluster: the Cu–Co synergistic effect for selective photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to CO
Authors: Guo Yinjuan , Li Jiahui , Zhao Guiyan , Chen Baokuan , Hang Xinxin , Bi Yanfeng
Published: April 2023

The post-synthetic atomically precise single-CuII sites in a thiacalix[4]arene-supported octahedral Na@Co24 cluster afforded a Cu@Co24 photocatalyst for selective conversion of CO2 to CO.
Polymorph II of hydroxyurea 150 years after its first synthesis
Authors: Rai Sunil K. , Tothadi Srinu , Arhangelskis Mihails , George Christy P. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Nangia Ashwini K.
Published: April 2023

Form II of hydroxyurea (HU) has been crystallized in the presence of urea in methanol solvent. The isoenergetic novel form II is isolated 150 years after its first synthesis (form I).
The influence of copper ions on the transport and relaxation properties of hydrated eumelanin
Authors: Abramov Pavel A. , Zhukov Sergey S. , Savinov Maxim , Mostert A. Bernardus , Motovilov Konstantin A.
Published: April 2023

Doping with copper slows down the low-frequency relaxation and decreases electrical conductivity in eumelanin.
Multicomponent synthesis of di-aryl dithiocarbamates via electron donor–acceptor photoactivation with thianthrenium salts
Authors: Liu Min , Qian Yong , Wu Yanqi , Zhang Fengzhi
Published: April 2023

A novel and environmentally friendly multicomponent reaction was developed for the synthesis of di-aryldithiocarbamates from arylthianthrenium salts, CS2, and secondary amines.
A sulfite/air fuel cell for H2O2 electrosynthesis
Authors: Wei Jucai , Wu Xu , Xing Siqi
Published: April 2023

H2O2 electrosynthesis is a promising alternative to the industry-dominant anthraquinone process.
Facile transfer of surface plasmon electrons of Au-NPs to Zn3V2O8surfaces: a case study of sunlight driven H2generation from water splitting
Authors: Jalil Muhammad , Rafiq Khezina , Abid Muhammad Zeeshan , Rauf Abdul , Wang Shuxin , Iqbal Shahid , Hussain Ejaz
Published: April 2023

For future energy perspectives, an effective way to produce H2from water splitting is suggested using Zn3V2O8photocatalyst as a semiconductor support.
Wet-chemistry synthesis of two-dimensional Pt- and Pd-based intermetallic electrocatalysts for fuel cells
Authors: Guo Jingchun , Liu Wei , Fu Xucheng , Jiao Shilong
Published: April 2023

Wet-chemistry synthesis of two-dimensional Pt- and Pd-based intermetallic electrocatalysts for a wide range of applications in fuel cells.
An ab initio investigation of the structural, mechanical, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric characteristics of novel double perovskite halides Cs2CaSnX6 (X = Cl, Br, I) for optically influenced RRAM devices
Authors: Kiran Saira , Mumtaz Umair , Mustafa Aymen , Imran Muhammad , Hussain Fayyaz , Rasheed Umbreen , Khalil R. M. A. , Khera Ejaz Ahmad , Nazir Alia
Published: April 2023

Hybrid lead halide perovskites have been considered as promising candidates for a large variety of optoelectronic applications.
Efficient CuO/Ag2WO4 photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting using solar visible radiation
Authors: Mustafa E. , Dawi E. A. , Ibupoto Z. H. , Ibrahim A. M. M. , Elsukova A. , Liu X. , Tahira A. , Adam R. E. , Willander M. , Nur O.
Published: April 2023

Using the hydrothermal method followed by the SILAR method, synthesis of CuO/Ag2WO4-5 photocathode that is effective for PEC water splitting when illuminated by solar light is provided.
Anticancer therapeutic potential of benzofuran scaffolds
Authors: Abbas Ashraf A. , Dawood Kamal M.
Published: April 2023

Benzofuran moiety is the main component of many biologically active natural and synthetic heterocycles.
Modified carbon paste ion selective electrode for determining Cr(iii) ions in aqueous solutions and some real samples using tetragonal zirconia nanoparticles
Authors: Fouad Omar A. , Wahsh Mohamed M. S. , Mohamed Gehad G. , El Dessouky Maher M. I. , Mostafa Maysa R.
Published: April 2023

Tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) nanoparticles (ionophore) are used in newly designed and improved ion selective electrodes for chromium ion detection as an alternative, low-cost, high-precision, and selectivity method.
Superior lead-free high-temperature piezoceramics of BiFeO3–BaTiO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 through cooperative regulation
Authors: Xie Aiwen , Wang Mengshan , Fu Jian , Yu Zide , Xie Xinchun , Zuo Ruzhong
Published: April 2023

Simultaneously enhanced d33 and Tc values were realized in BF–BT-based lead-free MPB piezoceramics through cooperatively regulating the lattice distortion and content of rhombohedral phase, domain heterogeneity and defect concentration.
Water-coupled monovalent and divalent ion transport in polyviologen networks
Authors: Easley Alexandra D. , Mohanty Khirabdhi , Lutkenhaus Jodie L.
Published: April 2023

Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D) revealed the ion-electron transport mechanism of viologen electrodes is dependent on anion valency, specifically the divalent sulfate ion exhibited mixed ion movement.
Redox-active polynaphthalimides as versatile electrode materials for high-voltage, high-rate and long-cycle-life organic Li-ion batteries
Authors: Baskoro Febri , Lubis Andre Lammiduk , Wong Hui Qi , Liou Guey-Sheng , Yen Hung-Ju
Published: April 2023

Triphenylamine-based polynaphthalimides were synthesized and showed great potential as cathode, anode, and binders in lithium-ion batteries simultaneously.
Enhancing Li ion conduction through polyethylene glycol brushes towards long-life solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Li Yuxuan , Yang Jing , Zhang Xingzhao , Cui Ximing , Pan Qinmin
Published: April 2023

We report a composite polymer electrolyte with PEG brushes that act as “ion sieves” and “Li+ bridges”, thus enabling fast Li+ transport in the interior of the electrolyte as well as at the electrolyte/electrode interfaces.
Muramyl dipeptide CD10 monoclonal antibody immunoconjugates inhibited acute leukemia in nude mice
Authors: Wang Yilin , Jin Xiaofu , Sun Yan , Zhao Yanxia , Qu Zhenghai , Wang Lingzhen , Sun Lirong
Published: April 2023

Minimal residual disease (MRD) is one of the causes of leukemia recurrence. Previously, we developed anti-CD10 mAb conjugated to muramyl dipeptide immunoconjugate (MDP-Ab) for immune enhancement. The present study aimed to investigate anti-leukemia effect of MDP-Ab administered via different methods in leukemia ectopic graft nude mouse model. BALB/c nude mice were injected with Nalm-6 cells subcutaneously to establish leukemia xenografts in nude mice as a model. MDP-Ab or/and human lymphocytes (LYM) was injected into different sites of the nude mice. Immunohistochemistry staining of CDs in the bone marrow, liver and spleen was performed. IFN-γ was detected by ELISA. We detected the metastasis of leukemia cells to the liver, spleen and bone marrow in nude mouse leukemia model. MDP-Ab and LYM inhibited the growth of tumors, and simultaneous injection of MDP-Ab and LYM into the tumor inhibited the growth of tumors. IFN-γ levels in MDP-Ab (ca) + h-LYM (ca) group, MDP-Ab (ca) + h-LYM (ip) group, MDP-Ab (iv) + h-LYM (ip) group and PBS (ca) + h-LYM (ca) group were significantly higher than those in control group, while IFN-γ level in MDP-Ab (ca) + h-LYM (ca) group was the highest. Moreover, MDP-Ab and h-LYM promoted the expression of hCD4 and hCD8, with the highest expression in MDP-Ab (ca) + h-LYM (ca) group. In conclusion, MDP-Ab effectively promoted the production of IFN-γ, enhanced the antitumor immunity of T lymphocytes and inhibited leukemia.
The Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Expanding Delivery of Teen Online Problem Solving for Adolescents With Acquired Brain Injury: A Quality Improvement Project
Authors: Lundine Jennifer P. , Chitwood Kerrie Lemons , Wade Shari L.
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Teen Online Problem Solving (TOPS) is an evidence-based teletherapy program designed to promote neurocognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial recovery following brain injury through family-centered training. To date, TOPS has been primarily administered by neuropsychologists and clinical psychologists. This clinical focus article discusses a quality improvement project to adapt the TOPS training and manual for use by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and reports feedback from SLPs following TOPS training and after delivering the program with adolescents who experienced neurological insults.

Method:

SLPs were invited to participate in TOPS training. Trainees were asked to complete posttraining surveys, active therapist questionnaires, and follow-up surveys directed to SLPs who had completed the intervention with at least one patient.

Results:

To date, a total of 38 SLPs completed TOPS training, 13 have implemented TOPS with at least one adolescent. Eight SLPs and 16 psychologists/trainees responded to follow-up surveys to share their perspectives on the program. Perceptions of clinicians delivering the program did not differ significantly in most respects. SLPs rated the ease of understanding nonverbal communication higher than psychologists. Seven SLPs responded to an SLP-specific survey about their experiences administering TOPS, noting a range of advantages and some limitations in their open-ended responses.

Conclusion:

Training SLPs to deliver TOPS has the potential to increase service provision to adolescents with acquired brain injury who have cognitive communication difficulties and their families.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22357327
Few‐shot object detection via class encoding and multi‐target decoding
Authors: Guo Xueqiang , Yang Hanqing , Wei Mohan , Ye Xiaotong , Zhang Yu
Published: April 2023

The task of few‐shot object detection is to classify and locate objects through a few annotated samples. Although many studies have tried to solve this problem, the results are still not satisfactory. Recent studies have found that the class margin significantly impacts the classification and representation of the targets to be detected. Most methods use the loss function to balance the class margin, but the results show that the loss‐based methods only have a tiny improvement on the few‐shot object detection problem. In this study, the authors propose a class encoding method based on the transformer to balance the class margin, which can make the model pay more attention to the essential information of the features, thus increasing the recognition ability of the sample. Besides, the authors propose a multi‐target decoding method to aggregate RoI vectors generated from multi‐target images with multiple support vectors, which can significantly improve the detection ability of the detector for multi‐target images. Experiments on Pascal visual object classes (VOC) and Microsoft Common Objects in Context datasets show that our proposed Few‐Shot Object Detection via Class Encoding and Multi‐Target Decoding significantly improves upon baseline detectors (average accuracy improvement is up to 10.8% on VOC and 2.1% on COCO), achieving competitive performance. In general, we propose a new way to regulate the class margin between support set vectors and a way of feature aggregation for images containing multiple objects and achieve remarkable results. Our method is implemented on mmfewshot, and the code will be available later.
Double‐loop settlement monitoring system based on laser collimation
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Xueling , Bian Ting , Yang Minglai
Published: April 2023

With the rapid development of urbanization, high‐rise buildings have risen from the ground, but in the long‐term use of the building, there will be settlement, tilt, displacement, and other deformations, which will seriously bring disasters. At present, there is a lack of an application‐level settlement monitoring system for the monitoring of these buildings, and there are problems of low intelligent monitoring level and low monitoring accuracy, so this paper proposes a double‐loop monitoring system based on laser collimation. The system combines distributed computing, spot image processing, embedded computing, laser collimation technology etc., to design settlement monitoring equipment and corresponding software. Finally, the data processing is carried out by the double‐loop calculation algorithm to obtain the sedimentation amount of the analyte. The test results show that the whole system can be intelligently and accurately monitored, and the monitoring accuracy can reach the millimetre level.
Detection and classification of atrial and ventricular cardiovascular diseases to improve the cardiac health literacy for resource constrained regions
Authors: Arora Neha , Mishra Biswajit
Published: April 2023

ECG is a non‐invasive way of determining cardiac health by measuring the electrical activity of the heart. A novel detection technique for feature points P, QRS and T is investigated to diagnose various atrial and ventricular cardiovascular anomalies with ECG signals for ambulatory monitoring. Before the system is worthy of field trials, it is validated with several databases and recorded their response. The QRS complex detection is based on the Pan Tompkins algorithm and difference operation method that provides positive predictivity, sensitivity and false detection rate of 99.29%, 99.49% and 1.29%, respectively. Proposed novel T wave detection provides sensitivity of 97.78%. Also, proposed P wave detection provides positive predictivity, sensitivity and false detection rate of 99.43%, 99.4% and 1.15% for the control study (normal subjects) and 82.68%, 94.3% and 25.4% for the case (patients with cardiac anomalies) study, respectively. Disease detection such as arrhythmia is based on standard R‐R intervals while myocardial infarction is based on the ST‐T deviations where the positive predictivity, sensitivity and accuracy are observed to be 94.6%, 84.2% and 85%, respectively. It should be noted that, since the frontal leads are only used, the anterior myocardial infarction cases are detected with the injury pattern in lead avl and ST depression in reciprocal leads. Detection of atrial fibrillation is done for both short and long duration signals using statistical methods using interquartile range and standard deviations, giving very high accuracy, 100% in most cases. The system hardware for obtaining the 2 lead ECG signal is designed using commercially available off the shelf components. Small field validation of the designed system is performed at a Public Health Centre in Gujarat, India with 42 patients (both cases and controls). 78.5% accuracy was achieved during the field validation. It is thus concluded that the proposed method is ideal for improvisation in cardiac health monitoring outreach in resource constrained regions.
Vom Vermittlungsparadigma hin zur nachhaltigen Unterstützung
von Unternehmen bei der Eingliederung von Menschen mit hochfunktionalen Autismus
– Ergebnisse einer Arbeitgeberbefragung
Authors: Reich Katrin , Dalferth Matthias
Published: April 2023

Im Rahmen des Projektes AUT-1A wurden 123 Arbeitgeber*innen mittels
Fragebogen zu ihren Erfahrungen mit der Beschäftigung von autistischen
Mitarbeiter*innen befragt. Ziel war es, die
beschäftigungsfördernden und -hindernden Faktoren
herauszuarbeiten. Die Studie deutet darauf hin, dass sich die berufliche
Qualifizierung in den Berufsbildungswerken positiv auf die nachhaltige
Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Autismus-Spektrum-Diagnose (ASD)
auswirkt, die Unterstützungsleistungen für Betriebe aber noch
nicht hinreichend sind. Auch konnte eine mangelnde Aufklärung in Bezug
auf eine autismusfreundliche Umgebungsgestaltung sowie eine mangelnde
Aufklärung über die Diagnose Autismus der direkten
Kolleg*innen herausgearbeitet werden.
Herausforderungen und Lösungsstrategien der beruflichen
Teilhabe von Personen mit Querschnittläsion – Ergebnisse einer
Fokusgruppen-Diskussion
Authors: Bökel Andrea , Geng Veronika , Ostermann Anne , Gutenbrunner Christoph , Egen Christoph
Published: April 2023

Relevanz Informationen zur Partizipation am Erwerbsleben von Menschen mit
Querschnittläsionen in Deutschland lieferte u. a. der German
Spinal Cord Injury Survey 2017. Offen blieben im quantitativen Forschungsdesign
allerdings Hintergründe und Lösungsmöglichkeiten
bezüglich der genannten Probleme. Diese sollen mit Hilfe einer
Fokusgruppe näher untersucht werden, wobei die Themen Probleme am
Arbeitsplatz, Anerkennung und Vergütung,
Teilzeiterwerbstätigkeit und Gründe für Arbeitslosigkeit
im Vordergrund stehen.

Methodik Die Studie besteht aus einem sequenziellen und vertiefenden
mixed-method Designs zur Komplementarität der quantitativen Daten von
GerSCI 2017 und der qualitativen Daten einer Fokusgruppe mit fünf
Teilnehmenden. Die Auswertung des Transkripts erfolgt anhand der inhaltlich
strukturierenden qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz.

Ergebnisse Die Teilnehmenden identifizierten als Gründe
für Erwerbslosigkeit eine aufwendige Bürokratie, eine fehlende
Überleitung von der Rehabilitation in das aktive Berufsleben, fehlende
Beratung sowie die Angst, die finanzielle Unterstützung zu verlieren.
Auch Arbeitgeber:innen, die nicht ausreichend zum Thema Behinderung informiert
waren und Mobbing durch Kolleg:innen wurden als Faktoren identifiziert, die
Teilhabe am Arbeitsleben verhindern. Genannt wurden auch Faktoren, die sich
förderlich auf die Teilhabe am Erwerbsleben auswirken, dazu
gehören die Kooperation von Behandlungszentren für Menschen mit
Querschnittlähmung und potenziellen Arbeitgeber:innen, eine
verlängerte berufliche Erprobungsphase, eine
Transportunterstützung für den Arbeitsweg und finanzielle
Anreize durch Arbeit, sowie Wertschätzung durch Kolleg:innen.

Diskussion Der Weg zurück ins Erwerbsleben sollte sich nicht nur
menschlich lohnen (Kontakte, Sinn, Struktur), sondern muss auch mit einem
finanziellen Anreiz verbunden sein, der sich über dem Niveau der
Kompensationszahlungen der (Sozial-)Versicherungsträger befindet. Das
Erwerbsleben von Menschen mit Behinderung ist eingebunden in einen
größeren gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhang – der Inklusion
– und kein isoliert zu betrachtendes Thema. Die konkreten
Vorschläge der Fokusgruppenteilnehmenden können dabei als
Grundlage für Gespräche von Interessenvertretungen und
politischen Entscheidungsträgern dienen, um das gegenseitige
Verständnis zu fördern.
Technical Variables in Lower Extremity Free Flap Reconstruction
Authors: Christensen Joani M. , Ahn Leah , Meulendijks Mara Z. , Iskhakov David , Wong Frankie , Winograd Jonathan , Valerio Ian L. , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Helliwell Lydia A. , Eberlin Kyle R.
Published: April 2023

Background Lower extremity free flap failure rates are higher than in other areas of the body. While prior studies assessed the effect of intraoperative technical variables, these generally investigated individual variables and did not examine relationships between the many individual technical decisions made during free tissue reconstruction. Our purpose was to investigate the effect of variation in intraoperative microsurgical techniques on flap outcomes in a diverse cohort of patients requiring lower extremity free flap coverage.

Methods Consecutive patients undergoing free flap reconstruction of the lower extremity at two level 1 trauma centers from January 2002 to January 2020 were identified using Current Procedural Terminology codes, followed by a review of medical records. Information regarding demographics and comorbidities, indications, intraoperative technical details, and complications was collected. Outcomes of interest included an unplanned return to the operating room, arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, partial flap failure, and total flap failure. Bivariate analysis was performed.

Results In total, 410 patients underwent 420 free tissue transfers. The median follow-up time was 17 months (interquartile ranges: 8.0–37). Total flap failure occurred in 4.9% (n = 20), partial flap failure in 5.9% (n = 24), and unplanned reoperation in 9.0% (n = 37), with arterial thrombosis in 3.2% (n = 13) and venous thrombosis in 5.4% (n = 22). Overall complications were significantly associated with recipient artery choice, with arteries other than PT and AT/DP having a higher rate (p = 0.033), and with arterial revisions (p = 0.010). Total flap failure was also associated with revision of the arterial anastomosis (p = 0.035), and partial flap failure was associated with recipient artery choice (p = 0.032).

Conclusion Many interoperative options and techniques are available when performing microvascular lower extremity reconstruction that leads to equally high success rates. However, the use of arterial inflow outside of the posterior tibial and anterior tibial arteries leads to a higher overall complication rate and partial flap failure rate. Intraoperative revision of the arterial anastomosis portends poorly for ultimate flap survival.
Lower Four Cranial Nerves in the Management of Glomus Jugulare: Anatomical Study
Authors: Fayed Ashraf , El-Deeb Mohamed E. , Magnan Jacques , Meller Renaud , Deveze Arnaud , Elzayat Saad
Published: April 2023

Introduction The surgical management that achieves minimal morbidity and mortality for patients with glomus and non-glomus tumors involving the jugular foramen (JF) region requires a comprehensive understanding of the complex anatomy, anatomic variability, and pathological anatomy of this region.

Objective The aim of this study is to propose a rational guideline to expose and preserve the lower cranial nerves (CNs) in the lateral approach of the JF.

Methods The technique utilized is the gross and microdissection of 4 fixed cadaveric heads to revise the JF's surgical anatomy and high part of the carotid sheath compared with surgical cases to understand and preserve the integrity of lower CNs. The method involves radical mastoidectomy, microdissection of the JF, facial nerve, and high neck just below the carotid canal and the JF. The CNs IX, X, XI, and XII are microscopically dissected and kept in sight up to the JF.

Results This study realized well the surgical and applied anatomy of the lower CNs with relation to the facial nerve and JF.

Conclusions The JF anatomy is complicated, and the key to safely operate on it and preserving the lower CNs is to find the posterior belly of the digastric muscle, to skeletonize the facial nerve, to remove the mastoid tip preserving the stylomastoid foramen, to skeletonize the sigmoid sinus and posterior fossa dura not only anterior but also posteroinferior to reach and drill the jugular tubercle.