bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Certain aspects of analysis of complement dependent antibody in breast cancer patients
Authors: Hindsley J. Pack , Avis Ingalill , Newsome James F. , Fried Floyd A. , Avis Frederick P.
Published: February 2007

Specific anti‐breast cancer complement dependent antibody (CDA) was sequentially determined in the sera of patients before and after mastectomy or during progressive recurrent breast cancer. Several observations were made. (1) There appears t o be a different pattern of antigenic cross‐reactivity detected by cancer patients' anti‐tumor CDA than by their anti‐tumor cell‐mediated immunity; the former being broader than the latter. (2) Patients can be classified into three categories: those with persistent anti‐tumor CDA pre‐and post‐mastectomy; those with detectable CDA post‐mastectomy but not premastectomy; and those with only occasionally detectable CDA. (3) Some sera obtained from patients with clinically evident tumor inhibited anti‐tumor CDA found in the sera of other cancer patients. The significance of these results are discussed.
Metastases from carcinoma of mammary gland: An autopsy study
Authors: Cifuentes Nestor , Pickren John W.
Published: February 2007

Information on metastases from carcinoma of the mammary gland in an autopsy study of 707 cases occurring in white women over a 15‐year period are presented and tabulated.

Multiple primary cancers occurred in 19% of the cases. Of the 137 cases that exhibit more than one neoplastic malignancy, 31 (23%) were present in the contralateral mammary gland. Seventy patients had no metastasis from the mammary cancer at the time of death, and 55 of these patients had another cancer.

Additional information has been added concerning the frequency of metastasis in parathyroid and thymus. When a parathyroid contains a metastasis, extensive metastases were noted in many organs and thus represents a late stage of the cancer.
Gastrointestinal carcinoids: Extrahepatic metastases and symptomatology following resection
Authors: Dilawari Raza A. , Douglass Harold O.
Published: February 2007

Of 49 patients with midgut and hindgut carcinoids, second primary distinct carcinomas occurred in 12. The most aggressive carcinoids were the 24 that arose in the distal small bowel and cecum. Of the patients affected, 15 had lymph node metastases and eight had liver metastases at the time of diagnosis. That only five patients were completely relieved of symptoms following resection was partially explained by autopsy findings in 15 patients, six of whom had metastatic extra‐abdominal carcinoid without liver metastases (most commonly, bone metastases).
Survival rates of breast carcinoma patients after surgery and anaesthetic
Authors: Alsabti Elias
Published: February 2007

Eighty‐nine breast cancer patients were studied for the end results of therapy. During surgery, the anaesthesia administered was either halothane (61 cases) or ether (28 cases) mixture with nitrogen and oxygen. The holstead method for mastectomy was used for all cases. The results showed that the type of anaesthesia influenced the end results of therapy of breast cancer patients. The survival rates of patients receiving halothane were much higher than those of ether anaesthetized cases. The differences were most pronounced among cases who received both preoperative radiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy, and in cases with metastasis into regional lymph node. A comparison of groups of patients on the basis of such parameters as the anaesthetic used, age and degree of tumor progression (according to TNM classification and postoperative histological assays) showed them to be well matched. These results may be explained by the effects of the anaesthesia on the role of immunity in controlling tumor cell implantation and growth of metastasis.
Steroid receptors in sarcomatous lesions
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. , Markland Francis S.
Published: February 2007

Clinical observations showed that the natural history of sarcomatous lesions may be different among males and females, and it may be influenced by hormonal factors. Estrogen receptors (ER) were measured on biopsy specimens of melanoma (two patients), soft‐tissue sarcoma (four patients), cystosarcoma phylloides (five patients), benign breast tissues (27 patients), and breast carcinoma (109 patients). Thirty‐four specimens also had progesterone receptors (PR) analyzed. One of the five cystosarcoma phylloides and five of the six nonmammary sarcoma tissues contained ER (mainly of the 4 Svedburg (S) variety) of more than 7 femtomoles (fmoles)/mg cytosol proteins (6/11 = 54%). For comparison, three of the 14 fibroadenoma specimens and two of the 13 patients with other benign lesions had positive ERs (5/27 = 19%), whereas 56% of the breast carcinomas were ER positive. Since the amount of 8S ER found in sarcomatous tissues is relatively low, hormonal treatment would not be effective.
Relationship of race to functional status among breast cancer patients after curative surgery
Authors: Feldman Joseph G. , Gardner Bernard , Carter Anne C. , Alfonso Antonia , Orces Heriberto
Published: February 2007

Analysis of functional status of 197 breast cancer patients three years after curative radical mastectomy indicated a cumulative probability of disability of 25%. whereas the probability of death regardless of prior disability was 40.5%.

Analysis of functional status by patient characteristics indicated that nonwhites were three times more likely than whites to experience disability (P <0.01) as defined in terms of their ability to carry on normal activities without assistance.

Although whites and nonwhites were diagnosed at similar stages of disease, nonwhites were, on average, eight years younger than whites. The younger age may reflect a larger proportion of premenopausal breast cancer cases among nonwhites, which if associated with more rapidly progressing disease could account for their poorer prognosis.

Alternatively, there may exist factors in the nonwhites' social or economic environment that limited the ability of the family to care for the patient at home.

These data reaffirm the need to monitor closely breast cancer patients to diagnose acute complications, and they indicate that most patients can resume normal activities shortly after curative surgery.
Visceral neoplasia presenting at the umbilicus
Authors: Scarpa Francis J. , Dineen Joseph P. , Boltax Robert S.
Published: February 2007

An umbilical mass as the presenting and only symptom of an underlying visceral carcinoma is an infrequent occurrence. The implications of such a finding are illustrated by four examples, with primary tumors in pancreas, colon, and ovary.

Adenocarcinoma in the umbilicus represents a metastatic deposit until proved otherwise. Further diagnostic evaluation to localize the primary tumor should be based upon therapeutic implications. The need for abdominal exploration must be individualized.
Septic arthritis: A complication of BCG immunotherapy
Authors: Lokich Jacob J. , Drew Michael A.
Published: February 2007

A new complication of cutaneous vaccination for immune therapy is reported: non‐acid‐fast bacteremia with metastatic septic arthritis. Systemic antibiotics should be administered prophylactically in patients with signs and symptoms of local infection, particularly in the presence of orthopedic prostheses or valvular heart disease.
Comparison of DES vs DES + chlorambucil in women with first recurrence of breast cancer
Authors: Holzer Donald , Harvey Harold A. , Lipton Allan
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐four women with first recurrence of breast cancer were randomized into two groups, and received either Diethystilbesterol (DES) 5 mg orally (PO) t.i.d. alone, or in combination with Chlorambucil (CB) 0.1–0.2 mg/kg/day PO. All patients randomized were greater than 5 years postmenopausal at the time of the study and had no prior chemical or hormonal therapy. Estrogen receptors were not available. There was no significant difference between Groups A and B with respect to frequency of objective response or mean duration of that response, with the values for Group A being 46.2% and 4.8 months, respectively, and for Group B, 46.7% and 4.8 months (P > 0.05). The most common toxicities noted for both groups were nausea and vomiting, edema, weakness, and thrombophlebitis. The risk of major toxicity necessitating withdrawal from the study was greater in Group B due to the added danger of thrombocytopenia/pancytopenia. The addition of CB to DES does not appear to offer any significant advantage over DES alone in women with first recurrence of breast cancer.
Fibrosarcoma of the mediastinum
Authors: Barua Nil R. , Patel Arun R. , Takita Hiroshi , Jennings E. C.
Published: February 2007

Fibrosarcoma is a rare primary malignant tumor of the mediastinum. Three cases are presented with different presenting symptoms and clinical manifestations. Thoracotomy with biopsy of the mass is the only method for arriving at a definitive histologic diagnosis.
Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: Report of two cases
Authors: Jawalekar Kshama , Tretter Patricia
Published: February 2007

Two cases of primary esophageal malignant melanoma diagnosed at the Columbia‐Presbyterian Medical Center are reported. One patient who received 3800 rads and had subsequent surgery lived for 18 months. The other had surgery and subsequent chemotherapy and is still alive three years later. Forty other cases reported in the literature are briefly analyzed.
Non‐specific and specific active immunotherapy in a B16 murine melanoma system
Authors: Avent J. , Vervaert C. , Seigler H. F.
Published: February 2007

Conflicts amongst reports concerning the efficacy of both nonspecific and specific attempts at immunotherapy may be ascribed to different animal models utilizing tumors of different immunogenicity. We have selected the B16 mouse melanoma model as the example of a spontaneously occurring neoplasm that is histocompatible with the host and does have tumor‐associated antigens. Attempts to alter tumor growth or survival with nonspecific active immunotherapy as well as with specific active immunotherapy were not successful. Nonspecific active pre‐immunization failed to alter tumor take or growth. Specific active immunotherapy both with and without adjuvant did decrease tumor take and prolong host survival. The effects were increasingly documented at lower tumor cell inoculums and became less apparent with increase in the tumor cell challenge.
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising in a patient with multiple neurofibromatosis: A case report and a literature review
Authors: Johnson Paul S. , Katz David Allan , Pester Judith , Penn Robert
Published: February 2007

A case report of a 56‐year‐old man with the characteristic clinical and histologic features of multiple neurofibromatosis is presented. This patient was also diagnosed as having a malignant fibrous histiocytoma involving the right thigh with metastasis to the lung. A definite association between Von Reckling‐hausen's disease and various sarcomas (most commonly neurofibrosarcomas) of the peripheral nerves and the somatic soft tissues is well‐known. This is apparently the first report in the literature of a malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising in a patient with multiple neurofibromatosis. The phenomenon of sarcomatous change in Von Recklinghausen's disease and the clinical and pathologic features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma are also discussed.
Gliomatosis peritonei: The value of a “second look” operation
Authors: Heydenrych J. J. , Villet W. T. , Du Toit D. F.
Published: February 2007

The case history of a 10‐year‐old black girl with gliomatosis peritonei, Grade 0, is presented. The primary tumour was resected and a “second look” operation carried out 3 months later. The glial implants demonstrated distinct circumferential and intra glial fibrosis (resolution). Because the peritoneal implants had undergone resolution, further therapy became unnecessary.

We believe gliomatosis peritonei fully justifies a second laparotomy in order to be able to accurately grade the implants. The grade of the peritoneal implants influences the prognosis and therefore determines the type of therapy to be instituted.
Mutilating sclerosing basal cell epithelioma
Authors: Schwartz Robert Allen , Vickerman Charles E. , Phelan John T. , Burgess Gordon H. , Klein Edmund , Solomon James , O'Loughlin Sean , Southwick Graeme J. , Baitman Linda , Laor Yona
Published: February 2007

A 59‐year‐old black woman presented with an ill‐defined plaque on her nose. This appeared clinically suggestive of a sclerosing type of basal cell epithelioma (BCE). Microscopic sections demonstrated this diagnosis. Multiple excisions employing the microscopically controlled technique of Mohs traced the tumor deep into the nasal cartilage before histologic sections were free of tumor cells. This type of BCE deserves well planned therapy because of its destructive potential.
Serum immunoglobulins in women with breast cancer
Authors: Papatestas Angelos E. , Bramis John , Aufses Arthur H.
Published: February 2007

Serum immunoglobulins were determined in 120 women with breast cancer. A strong association between age at tumor diagnosis and serum IgA levels was noted. Relative hypoglobulinemia of IgA was associated with appearance of tumors early in life, and was more frequent among women with family history of breast cancer and among those with poor prognosis. A strong association between levels of serum IgG and parity was noted. Parous women and/or those who had good prognosis had higher levels of serum IgG, compared to nulliparous women and those with poor prognosis. The observations indicate that serum immunoglobulins may be useful in the identification of women who have a high breast cancer risk and poor prognosis.
Chronic hematuria and localized bladder damage following combined cyclophosphamide and local radiotherapy
Authors: Kende George , Wajsman Zew , Thomas Patrick R. M. , Freeman Arnold I.
Published: February 2007

A 13‐year‐old white male had Ewing sarcoma of the right pubic and ischial bones. Initial therapy consisted of 5,400 rads in seven weeks to the right side of the pelvis and 14 intravenous injections of cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, CTX) at 500 mg/m2; BCNU and Adriamycin maintenance therapy continued for a total of two years. He has now been disease‐free for five years.

Three months following the completion of the right pelvic radiotherapy (RT), while on intravenous CTX, severe hematuria appeared, which subsided, but at present he has continuous microscopic hematuria, as well as periodic episodes of gross hematuria.

Serial cystocopies initially revealed thickening and hemorrhagic and edematous changes on the right (irradiated) side of the bladder, and recent multiple telangiectatic patches have been demonstrated as a late “healing” phase.

This case demonstrates the additive toxicity to the bladder of CTX and RT, illustrating that the hemorrhagic cystitis can be extremely protracted lasting five years.
Epidermoid carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Farrand R. , Lavigne R. , Lokich J. , McAuley R. , Sparling S. , Rollo Q. , Walker G.
Published: February 2007

Two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the breast are described. In one patient the lesion represented a primary breast tumor; in the second, a metastases from primary bronchogenic carcinoma. Neither lesion possessed estrogen receptor protein. This report emphasizes the rarity of epidermoid lesions of the breast and the importance of identifying an extramammary primary source of metastases to the breast.
Reticuloendothelial system (RES) hyperfunction and erythropoietin (Ep) production in the regenerating liver
Authors: Naughton B. A. , Birnbach D. J. , Liu P. , Kolks G. A. , Tung M. Z. , Piliero J. A. , Piliero S. J. , Gordon A. S.
Published: February 2007

Hepatic cells in rats were evaluated after subtotal hepatectomy using scintillation scanning with technetium sulfur colloid (TSC), autoradiography, and microstereology techniques. The ability of the liver to accumulate TSC increased during the course of the regeneration as did the labeling of Kupffer and parenchymal cells with tritiated thymidine (3H‐tdR). Kupffer to parenchymal cell number ratios and Kupffer cell relative areas were also elevated, attaining peak values at 72 hours post‐hepatectomy. This period corresponds to the time of peak erythropoietin (Ep) production in rats with regenerating livers after nephrectomy and exposure to hypoxia. These findings suggest that the Kupffer cell may function as a cellular site of Ep formation.
Prognostic value of pre‐treatment lymphocyte count and T cell levels in localized bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Dellon A. L. , Potvin C. , Chretien P. B.
Published: February 2007

In the patient with clinically localized bronchogenic carcinoma, the pretreatment peripheral blood lymphocyte count and the thymus‐dependent lymphocyte (T cell) level correlated with the prognosis if the tumor histology was either squamous cell, oat cell, or undifferentiated carcinoma. Patients whose pre‐treatment lymphocyte count was less than 1,000/ml or whose T cell level was less than 750/ml either died or developed distant metastases by nine months after treatment of their localized tumor. By contrast, 55% of patients whose pre‐treatment T cell level was greater than 750/ml were alive and without evidence of metastases nine months after treatment (P < 0.02). Analysis of survival of these patients by the life‐table method through the first post‐treatment year further demonstrates the prognostic value of a low pre‐treatment lymphocyte count or T cell level. The pretreatment lymphocyte count and T cell level in patients with adenocarcinoma did not correlate with prognosis.
Adriamycin in localized and metastatic uterine sarcomas
Authors: Piver M. Steven , Barlow Joseph J. , Lele Shashikant B. , Yazigi Roberto
Published: February 2007

Seventeen women with metastatic uterine sarcomas were treated with Adriamycin chemotherapy. Only one (6%) had an objective response. In addition, 12 patients with early uterine sarcomas were randomized to Adriamycin versus no adjuvant chemotherapy in order to evaluate the effect of Adriamycin in reducing the incidence of subsequent distant recurrences. Of those women receiving Adriamycin, two developed distant metastasis and two developed life‐threatening congestive heart failure. Also, two of the six women who did not receive Adriamycin developed distant metastasis. Therefore, continuation of the randomized trial was considered unjustified.
Effect of metyrapone and aminoglutethimide on the murine sarcoma (MuSV‐M) and breast adenocarcinoma (C3HBA)
Authors: Seifter E. , Critselis A. N. , Levenson S. M. , Rettura G.
Published: February 2007

In previous studies with C3HBA tumors in C3H mice and with murine sarcoma virus tumors (MuSV‐M) in several varieties of mice, it was shown that administration of cortisone acetate or infliction of stressors that were presumed to cause increased secretion of adrenal glucocorticoids increased the severity of the tumor diseases. The administration of physiologic doses of estradiol did not influence the growth of these two tumors. We, however, had found that administration of metyrapone (MET) inhibits the growth of these tumors. We had attributed its action to 1) a decrease in corticosterone production and 2) an increase in 11 deoxycorticosterone production. To determine which of these factors was more important we compared the action of MET to aminoglutethimide (AG), since AG decreases both corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone levels.

Experimental diets containing MET (200 mg/kg) or AG (120 mg/kg) were fed to CBA and C3H mice, starting three days prior to their inoculation with a 1 × 10−1 and 1 × 10−2 gr eq/ml concentration of MuSV‐M or 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 C3HBA cells, respectively. In the MuSV‐M system, MET lengthened the latency period of tumor development, inhibited tumor incidence, decreased tumor score, and shortened tumor regression time. In the C3HBA system, MET had a similar inhibiting effect on tumor growth. In contrast, AG had no statistically significant antitumor effect in either the MuSV‐M or C3HBA systems.

We interpret these data as supporting the view that the antitumor effect of MET is due to an accumulation of deoxycorticosterone and a diminution of glucocorticoids because of the selective actions of MET on 11β‐steroid hydroxylase.
Fine‐needle biopsy of thyroid gland
Authors: Bodo M. , Döbrössy L. , Sinkovics I. , Tarján G. , Daubner K.
Published: February 2007

Critical analysis is provided by the authors on cytologic examination combined with histology of 131 patients with thyroid alterations. Cytologic examination yielded seven false‐negative and four false‐positive findings. Sensitivity of the procedure was 0.78 and the specificity 0.97. Aspiration cytology of the thyroid gland combined with other methods of examination can be considered an advance in the diagnostics of thyroid diseases.
Predictive value of plasma CEA in patients with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Koch M. , McPherson T. A.
Published: February 2007

Two years follow‐up of 46 patients with colorectal carcinoma resected “for cure” shows that of the nine patients with an elevated (<5 ng/ml) CEA plasma titer one to six months after surgery, only one, or 11%, had remained disease free. Of the 38 patients with normal (<5 ng/ml) plasma CEA, 27, or 71%, were free of disease two years after surgery. In another 85 patients presenting six months to ten years after resection “for cure” of their colorectal carcinoma, normal CEA levels were found in 73, and only five, or 6.4%, of these presented with disease progression when followed for two years; of the 12 patients that presented with CEA values >5 ng/ml, disease progression was evident in eight or 67%; in eight patients with CEA levels of >10 ng/ml, the proportion of patients with disease progression increased to 87.5% (7/8).

When a patient with a history of colorectal cancer, but seemingly free of disease, presents with levels not only repeatedly above normal (>5 ng/ml) but above the levels found in some nonmalignant conditions (>10 ng/ml), thorough re‐examination of the patient to locate the site of possible disease progression is indicated. In 14 such patients further diagnostic methods showed local recurrences in four, metastasis limited to the liver in six, and other metastasis in four.

In conclusion, in patients with colorectal carcinoma post operative elevated CEA plasma levels are a sign of poor prognosis. Consistently elevated CEA levels (> 10 ng/ml) are a stong indication of disease progression.
Ultrastructural localization of lactic dehydrogenase in mouse mammary carcinoma cells
Authors: Ghosh Bimal C. , Ghosh Luna , Boarini Marla , Newson Bobbie , Das Gupta Tapas K.
Published: February 2007

Electron microscopic study of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was carried out in C3H mouse mammary carcinoma cells. Scattered cytoplasmic LDH granules were noted as well as around mitochondria and nuclear membrane. Control studies with normal breast tissues failed to show any activity. This observation suggests that LDH plays an important role in C3H mammary carcinoma and may be of use as an additional marker.
Chemoimmunotherapy with or without oophorectomy in premenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer
Authors: Yap Hwee‐Yong , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Blumenschein George R. , Tashima Charles K. , Buzdar Aman U. , Krutchik Allan N. , Benjamin Robert S. , Gutterman Jordan U. , Bodey Gerald P.
Published: February 2007

Ninety‐eight premenopausal patients with stage IV breast cancer were treated with chemoimmunotherapy alone, or with combination oophorectomy – chemoimmunotherapy either simultaneously (chemoimmunotherapy within four weeks of oophorectomy) or sequentially (delayed chemoimmunotherapy until evidence of progressive disease or no response to oophorectomy). The chemoimmunotherapy consisted of a three‐drug combination of Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and 5‐fluorouracil or Ftorafur; immunotherapy consisted of either oral levamisole, BCG by scarification, or a combination of both.

Forty patients underwent simultaneous oophorectomy–chemoimmunotherapy, with a response rate of 85% and a median duration of response of 25 months. Response rate of 69% and a median duration of response of 16.6 months was observed with the 29 patients who received sequential oophorectomy–chemoimmunotherapy. Another 29 patients were treated with chemoimmunotherapy alone and achieved a response rate of 87% and a median duration of response of 11.8 months.

Though there were no significant differences in the response rate, patients treated with chemoimmunotherapy alone had a significantly shorter median duration of response (P < 0.05). This would suggest that oophorectomy in combination with chemoimmunotherapy is the most favorable treatment modality for premenopausal patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer.
Immune suppression by cultured lymphocyte supernates of tumor‐bearing hosts
Authors: Svedersky Lloyd P. , Dodd Matthew C. , Minton John P.
Published: February 2007

A nonspecific immunosuppressive factor produced by lymphocytes of tumor‐bearing hosts has been demonstrated. A modified Jerne plaque technique was used to quantify IgM antibody production of sheep erythrocyte‐immune Swiss mouse lymphocytes (IL). Significant suppression of IgM antibody production was found when IL were treated with cultured lymphocyte supernates of 4198 fibrosarcoma‐bearing mice. The suppressive activity was found to be significant six days prior to any visible tumor development, and, through the use of glass and nylon wool columns, appears to be produced by T cells. Similar immunosuppressive activity was found in 22 cancer patients tested as above, compared either to 16 patients who previously had had solid tumors but are now without clinical disease or to 19 normal controls.
Patterns of spontaneous metastasis manifested by three rat prostate adenocarcinomas
Authors: Pollard Morris , Luckert Phyllis H.
Published: February 2007

Three transplantable rat prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines were assessed for patterns of metastasis, ie, routes of dissemination and target organ(s) selected for implantation. Two lines (I and III) were disseminated only through ipsilateral lymphatic channels to the lungs. The third cell line (II) was disseminated through lymphatic and blood channels to lungs, liver, and kidneys. The pattern of spontaneous metastasis is a characteristic of the tumor cell; but there is evidence that the rate and extent of metastasis can be modified experimentally.
Spindle and giant cell carcinoma of the thyroid: Report of a five‐year survival after lobectomy and postoperative irradiation
Authors: Spiro Ronald H. , Daniello Nicholas
Published: February 2007

We have described a patient who remains alive and well five years after lobectomy and planned postoperative irradiation for a sizable spindle and giant cell carcinoma arising in the right thyroid lobe which was adherent to the trachea and the esophagus. The dismal experience of others with this highly lethal tumor has been reviewed. A trial of surgical resection and fulldose postoperative teletherapy seems warranted in selected patients who have a resectable tumor.
Intraarterial adriamycin in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Karakousis C. P. , Lopez R. , Catane R. , Rao U. , Moore R. , Holyoke E. D.
Published: February 2007

Ten patients with extremity sarcomas adriamycin 60 mg/M2 into the artery supp supplying the area of tumor. There were minimal local side effects consisting of occasional local erythema or slight transitory pain. Nine of these patients had subsequent surgery, and an average 32.86% histologic tumor necrosis was recorded in the peripherally viable areas of seven patients with residual tumor, compared to a 5.71 % necrosis recorded in the biopsy sections (P value < 0.01).
Mouse colostomy model for studies on large bowel cancer
Authors: Volenec F. J. , McCarthy R. P. , Humphrey M. , Whitmore S. , Humphrey Loren J.
Published: February 2007

The development of appropriate animal model systems has been proposed as a means of facilitating the study of human colorectal cancer. This report describes the development and use of a blind‐colorectal pouch in a carcinoma mouse model.

The blind‐pouch was prepared in C57BL/6J mice by surgically exteriorizing the descending colon and producing two stomata in the abdominal wall. The proximal stoma served as an end colostomy and the distal stoma created as a mucous fistula. Surgical closure of the anus thus provided a colorectal pouch.

In pilot studies it was found that N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) and radiation together but neither separately produced tumors in the pouch of surviving mice. Further, inoculation of C38 syngeneic tumor cell suspension into the pouch and immediate closure resulted in tumor takes within three to four weeks. The use of this model in carcinogenesis and the immunology of colon cancer simulate the human colorectal cancer problem more closely than previous animal models.
Significance of 99mTc‐sulfur colloid splenic image in malignant melanoma
Authors: Berjian R. A. , Parthasarathy K. L. , Didolkar M. S. , Bakshi S. P. , Moore R. H.
Published: February 2007

To evaluate the clinical significance of 99mTc‐sulfur‐colloid (TcSC) spleen scan findings in patients with malignant melanoma, a retrospective study was undertaken. Eighty‐one patients with histologically proven malignant melanoma who received treatment in Roswell Park during a five‐year period were included in this study.

The scans were analyzed for spleen size, differential uptake of the tracer in liver and spleen, and for the presence of metastases in these two organs. These data were compared with stage of disease, survival, and autopsy findings.

Significant correlation was found between the splenic size as measured on the scintiscan and at autopsy examination. The spleen size was found to be normal in 92% of the patients in early melanoma. The median survival of patients who had a normal‐sized spleen by scan criteria was found to be longer than those who had splenomegaly. No significant difference in survival was noted between the patients with and without augmented splenic uptake of TcSC. Only a small number (17.7%) of patients with augmented splenic uptake had splenic metastases; hence, the possible role of immunological factors was considered.
Le Veen shunts in patients with intractable malignant ascites
Authors: Kudsk Kenneth , Fabian Timothy C. , Minton John P.
Published: February 2007

LeVeen shunts were placed in ten patients bedridden with intractable malignant ascites in order to improve comfort and ambulation. The procedure was done with local anesthesia and mild sedation in all but one patient. Mild prolongations in clotting studies and hypokalemia were noted in several patients, but severe complications were few: a bleeding diathesis in a jaundiced patient, and venous disease in two. Six of the ten had excellent clinical response and were able to undergo therapy impossible in the presence of massive ascites. Two had moderate benefit but remained bedridden. Two patients gained no relief. Elevated bilirubin and inability to tolerate rapid increase in vascular volume and excrete the fluid load contraindicate the procedure, but the LeVeen shunt appears to be of significant clinical benefit in selected cases of malignant ascites.
Production and characterization of xenogeneic antisera to tumor‐associated antigen(s)
Authors: Gupta Rishab K. , Silver Hulbert K. B. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

Tumor‐associated antigen(s) from a specimen of human malignant melanoma and from spent culture medium of a melanoma cell line were extracted and purified. The incidence of antibody activity to these antigens, in sera from cancer patients with neoplasms of various histologic types, was higher (65–83%) than normal donors' (19–25%) by the complement fixation assay. These purified antigens were then used to raise antisera in rabbits and sheep. After absorption with various human normal tissues, these antisera reacted against melanoma, sarcoma, and carcinoma extracts, but not against human normal liver, skin, or muscle extracts. However, the antisera showed reactivity against a human fetal homogenate. Results indicate that the xenogeneic antisera contained antibodies to fetal antigens and to tumor‐associated antigen(s). Xenogeneic antisera could be used to purify tumor‐associated antigens and oncofetal antigen(s) from crude extracts by affinity chromatography.
The potentialities and prospects for surgical methods of diagnosis of cancer of the lung
Authors: Pirogov A. I. , Wagner R. I. , Matytsin A. N.
Published: February 2007

Surgical methods of diagnosis make it possible to determine in patients with lung cancer the actual local extension of tumour and its metastatic foci. The diagnostic thoracotomy plays an important role in the complex diagnosis of lung cancer.

Diagnostic thoracotomy has been performed in 109 out of 1215 patients with lung cancer and other lung lesions suspicious for cancer. Primary lung cancer, mostly at early stage, was detected in 50 out of 109 patients. Among 308 patients who had been subjected to Daniels operation, metastases were revealed in 130 cases (42.2%); prescalene lymph nodes were found inpalpable in 12.4% and palpable in 64.4% of cases.

Mediastinoscopy carried out in 262 patients revealed metastases in 36.2% of cases. Parasternal mediastinotomy allowed definition of the degree of tumor extension in 49.5% of cases. Application of laparoscopy and laparotomy revealed metastases in the organs of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space in 13.5% of patients.

Results of studies show a definite relationship between the frequency of metastases development in the lymph nodes and distant organs and tumor site as well as clinico‐anatomical forms and morphological structure of tumor. Application of surgical diagnostic methods should be done according to strict indications.
Metastases to eyelids: Breast
Authors: Lawton Richard L. , Hobbs Beverly , Jochimsen Peter
Published: February 2007

Edema and erythema of the right eyelid were the first clinical symptoms of widely metastatic carcinoma in a 61‐year‐old female. At the time of biopsy of the eyelid there were no other clinical manifestations of the disease. The case history points out a rare manifestation and emphasizes the many faces of breast cancer.
Clinical role of the mixed cell agglutination test in the prospective management of superficial bladder tumors
Authors: Johnson J. Daniel , Lamm Donald L. , Radwin Howard M.
Published: February 2007

The mixed cell agglutination test allows the selection of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder who are at risk to develop invasive disease. A review of our retrospective experience and that of others reveals an overall accuracy of 78% in the prediction of tumor behavior. Current prospective studies are described and a rational, selective approach to the follow‐up of bladder tumor patients, influenced by the MCA test result, is advocated.
Improvement of hepatic dearterialization: A case report
Authors: Idema Albertus A. J. , Tjiong Harry S. L. , Oldhoff Jan
Published: February 2007

Dearterialization of the liver causes necrosis of primary liver tumors or metastases, because their blood supply is largely arterial. The normal liver tissue remains vital after a period of ischemia if the portal vein is intact.

A patient with a carcinoid syndrome due to liver metastases is described.

It was found that it is difficult to achieve complete dearterialization of the liver. Rather, preoperative and particularly peroperative angiograms are required to ensure the best possible degree of dearterialization.
Fibrosarcoma of the colon
Authors: Hoehn J. L. , Hamilton G. H. , Beltaos E.
Published: February 2007

Fibrosarcomas of the colon are extremely rare. This is the report of a patient with fibrosarcoma of the transverse colon who had perforation and peritonitis.
Breast cancer metastasis and lymph node lymphocyte‐macrophage interaction
Authors: Richters Arnis
Published: February 2007

A lymphocyte‐macrophage interaction, known as the lymphocyte clustering phenomenon, was studied in axillary lymph node preparations from 27 breast cancer patients. The study was carried out in primary tissue cultures of lymph nodes and the lymphocyte‐macrophage interactions were quantitated with respect to cancer positive and cancer negative axilla. The results indicate that there is a significantly higher (p< 0.025) lymphocyte‐macrophage interaction in negative node preparations from negative axilla of infiltrating ductal carcinoma patients. This new approach to lymph node lymphocyte evaluation may provide assistance in determining the extent of the disease process.
Long survival following combined treatment of inoperable cholangiocarcinoma: Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy
Authors: Hashmonai M. , Lev Louise , Schramek Alfred , Ben‐Arieh Yudith , Robinson Eliezer
Published: February 2007

A jaundiced patient due to inoperable bile duct carcinoma was treated by a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. At the operation an intra‐abdominal, extracholedochal bypasss of the tumor was performed with a T‐tube and bile drainage into the duodenum achieved. Local radiotherapy and chemotherapy with 5‐fluorouracil were given. A second operation was performed due to T‐tube obstruction 10 months after diagnosis, and no evidence of malignancy was seen. The T‐tube was replaced by an Argyle tube. One year later jaundice reappeared, due to displacement of the tube, and islets of metastatic tumor cells in the hilus of the liver were found. A further bypass relieved the jaundice and additional cytotoxic treatment was given. Three months later, after the patient's demise due to an unrelated cause, no evidence of the disease was found.

This case demonstrates the importance of palliative by‐passing of the tumor in order to relieve obstruction, thus enabling further oncological treatment, which may be, as in the present case, highly effective.
Lobular carcinoma in situ
Authors: Powers Robert W. , O'Brien Paul H. , Kreutner Albert
Published: February 2007

Lobular carcinoma in situ remains controversial in nomenclature, histology, and therapy. The original description and therapeutic recommendations remain a significant contribution to better control of breast cancer. We believe the sophistication of mammography, not available at the time of the earliest therapeutic recommednations, provides the clinician with a valuable and accurate new diagnostic tool for this disease.

The risk factors from this disease entity have been well outlined by McDivitt [1] and others. We believe the patient should permitted to participate in the therapeutic decision after proper education about the risk factors of cancer in the ipsilateral and contralateral breast. Patients have requested bilateral mastectomies; some of these patients then wanted plastic reconstruction. Many others, however, have no such interest. The properly informed and responsible patient who elects to have close observation, with mammograms every six months, we feel has elected an acceptable clinical strategy for this disease.
Effects of thymic factors on growth of experimental tumors
Authors: Anghileri L. J. , Kelemen N. , Lasmoles F. , Talbot J. N. , Milhaud G.
Published: February 2007

The effects of thymic factors on the growth of a chemically induced tumor have been studied, The thymic factors were obtained by a gentle isolation procedure which minimizes loss of material and biological activity. The administration of the thymic factors neither influenced the development or growth of the tumor nor the weight of the thymus or the spleen. A bigger thymus and a smaller spleen were observed in animals rejecting the tumor, whether or not they received the thymic factors.
Case report: Malignant melanoma arising during drug therapy for vitiligo
Authors: Forrest John B. , Forrest Herbert J.
Published: February 2007

A 30‐year‐old white male developed cutaneous patches of depigmentation which were treated with Trioxsalen ingested before daily sunbathing. A darkly pigmented lesion which appeared three weeks later on his back was widely excised and classified as a low‐grade malignancy. Although the treatment of vitiligo with plants containing photodynamically active compounds dates back as far as 1400 BC, the modern period of research began only in the 1930's leading to the development of oral psoralens, a coumarin derivative. In early tests, patients showed increased sunlight tolerance and repigmentation of vitiliginous areas. Although some patients have developed uveitis and vitiligo while being treated for melanoma, previous published reports deny any cutaneous malignancy arising during drug therapy of vitiligo. The associations between vitiligo and melanoma are discussed. The possible causative role of Trioxsalen in etiology of the case presented is discussed.
Carcinomas arising in fibroadenomas: A report of two cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Netto Dymphna , Satchidanand Sateesh K. , Gaeta John F.
Published: February 2007

Carcinomas arising in fibroadenomas are rare. Two such cases are being presented; one is of the ductal variety and the other, lobular. Both cases clearly demonstrate the overall configuration of fibroadenomas with foci of in situ and infiltrating carcinoma, the surrounding breast tissue being devoid of malignant changes. The diagnosis was clinically unsuspected in both cases and in only one of them was it suspected at the time of gross pathological examination.

The intent of this presentation is to increase general awareness as to the existence of carcinomas arising in fibroadenomas and also to actively discourage the practice of rendering gross pathological diagnoses of fibroadenomas at table diagnosis, however innocuous these neoplasms may appear to be, without microscopic examination by frozen sections.
Clinicomorphologic markers for predicting behavior and guiding therapy for brain tumors
Authors: Parker Oseph C. , Parris Ellen L. , Reyes Patricio F.
Published: February 2007

More specific therapy can be achieved for brain tumors by identifying morphologic markers like primitive neuroectodermal tumor cells that tend to be radioresponsive and spread diffusely through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Utilizing clinical manifestations to suspect and then localize the brain tumor, morphologic markers, that can be appreciated with computerized tomography and cerebral angiography as well as at operation, provide a basis for more aggressive extirpation and the usefulness of radiation and chemotherapy. Metastatic neoplasms possess such markers as tumor hemorrhage and meningeal involvement suggesting specific extraneural sources. In almost half of these patients, cytologic examination of the CSF should help to identify the malignant cells. Although most gliomas do not metastasize either within or outside the central nervous system, the occurrence of primitive neuroectodermal tumor cells (undifferentiated malignant small cells) in about 20% of all glioblastomas implies spread throughout the CSF and some radioresponsiveness. With thorough clinicomorphologic evaluations of all patients with brain tumors in concert with liberal clinical consultations, the aggressive, newer therapeutic modalities can be used more effectively.
Anesthesia and Surgery: A Double‐Edged Sword for the Cancer Patient
Authors: Lundy Joel
Published: February 2007

All therapeutic modalities used in cancer patients are associated with immunosuppression. Anesthesia and surgery represent a double‐edged sword. By removal of gross tumor in many patients a restoration of general immune responses can be documented. In addition, circulating antigen or antigen‐antibody complexes which block tumor‐specific immune responses can be abrogated by removal of bulk tumor. However, animal data indicates that certain anesthetic agents and major surgical procedures may enhance growth of micrometastatic tumor foci. One mechanism by which this occurs might be immunosuppression. The use of immunorestorative drugs in the perioperative period has been able to reverse this phenomenon in animal tumor models.
Treatment of breast cancer with oral four‐drug chemotherapy
Authors: Foley John F. , Kessinger M. Anne , Lemon Henry M.
Published: February 2007

Seventy patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer were treated with an oral drug regime of prednisone, cytomel, cytoxan, and methotrexate. One half of the cases (50%) had a response. There were complete remissions in 7%, partial remissions in 27%, and arrests in 16%. The median duration of remissions was 8+ months. There was no significant difference in response between patients with predominant visceral or bone disease nor between pre‐ and post‐menopausal women. One third of non‐hormonally responsive patients responded to this treatment. Side effects consisted predominantly of glucocorticoid change, including cushinoid facies and weight gain. The program was relatively bone marrow sparing. This drug regime is very convenient and safe to give on an outpatient basis.
Papillary carcinoma arising in a papillary cystadenoma of thyroid: A case report
Authors: Honoré Louis H.
Published: February 2007

Papillary cystadenoma of the thyroid is a controversial pathologic entity, the existence of which is not universally accepted. Its malignant potential is unknown, with only scant evidence that it may be a rare precursor of the papillary carcinoma. A case is presented as a pathologically documented instance of malignancy arising in a papillary cystadenoma in a 33‐year‐old woman. The clinical implications of this finding are discussed.
Immunity and drug resistance in a mouse glioma
Authors: Miller Elizabeth E.
Published: February 2007

The failure of chemotherapy often results in the outgrowth of drug‐resistant tumor cells, and, since chemotherapy is often combined with immunotherapy, the question arises as to whether immunity directed against the original tumor offers any protection against the drug‐resistant tumor cells. To approach this problem, the immunological relationships between a mouse glioma (GL26) and two FUdR‐resistant transplantable tumor sublines were studied. Immunity was induced in C57BL/6 mice with neuraminidase‐altered GL26 tumor cells. Immunized mice challenged with viable GL26 tumor cells were completely protected, and no tumors grew. Immune mice, when rechallenged with cells from the two FUdR‐resistant tumors, gave greater protection against one of the tumors than the other, but not as much as against the original tumor. The results indicate the drug‐resistant tumor cells have some immunological properties similar to the original tumor line and that further studies such as these might be of value to the staging of chemoimmunotherapy.
Plasma sialyltransferase in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Lee YEU‐Tsu N. , Tokes Zoltan A. , Csipke Csaba P.
Published: February 2007

Sialyltransferase enzyme levels (Sialtx), CEA, and 10 standard laboratory tests were studied in 50 patients with treated, recurrent, or disseminated breast carcinoma. All groups of patients had elevated mean Sialtx activity (CPM/mg protein) as compared with normal controls. Sialtx levels (expressed as % of normal controls) of patients with disseminated lesions were significantly elevated as compared to patients without evidence of disease or with only soft tissue recurrences, whereas CEA and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly elevated (peripheral blood lymphocyte count, total protein and albumin levels significantly decreased) in patients with recurrent disease of all sites. Among patients with disseminated breast cancer and normal CEA levels, about 50% had markedly elevated Sialtx activities. From our limited experience, it appears that Sialtx study is of value when CEA failed to indicate the presence of breast malignancy. Further testing including serial studies should be done to better define its clinical usefulness.