bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indo-ASEAN Economic Ties: A Study of North-East India
Authors: Singha Komol , Patikar Gautam
Published: December 2020

With the emergence of globalization, the need for economic integration has been realized by the international communities and lately by the Less Developed Countries (LDCs). Most of the countries both developed and less developed, have reoriented their development strategies to improve their growth performance by integrating their economies with the world economy. In this process, India has experienced some significant changes and the country is identified as one of the fastest growing economies in the world. In this direction, Indiaâ€™s Look East Policy is worth mentioning. Under this policy, India seeks economic cooperation with the ASEANÂ  and its neighbouring countries through North-Eastern Region (NER) of the country
Urbanization in Arunachal Pradesh: Trends and Patterns 1961-2000
Authors: Mandal Ram Krishna
Published: December 2020

An overview of the process of urbanization in the State of Arunachal Pradesh during the last two decades brings out the inadequacy of the existing institutional structure in managing urban centers in the â€œborderlessâ€ world of today. These institutions are noted to have least capacity to deal with the demands and pressures that are being generated as a result of the present focus of globalization.Â  Managing these processes was considered to be an exclusive responsibility of the government and state owned and state led institutions, just a few decades back. Now, under a decentralized system of planning, it is viewed as a joint responsibility of stakeholders like industrial and business enterprises, public and private organizations and resident associations, etc. These tasks include providing the infrastructural services and other civic amenities etc. for the urban dwellers. Cities and towns are a product of complex forces that include market dynamics, over which town and city managers have only a limited control. Consequently the extent to which an individual city or town can accelerate or retard its economic, social, or for that matter, demographic growth, depend largely on internal dynamics and external factors boosting the dynamics.The new perspective, thus, urges the government at different levels in the hierarchy to function in collaboration with the other stakeholders, if they want to make an impact on the pace, pattern and trend of urbanization.
Solid Waste Management: A Case Study of Arppukara Grama Panchayat Of Kottayam District, Kerala (India)
Authors: Ashalakshmi K.S. , Arunachalam P.
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the flow of solid wastes in all over the world has been increasing. There is no question, that, this trend poses ever-increasing problems for society. Already, many cities are having trouble in disposing of mounting heaps of trash. Neighboring areas are reluctant to serve as the cities dumps and locations, that are suitable for land fill operations are getting scarce. Other methods of waste disposal are now recognized to create problems of their own. Burning garbage pollutes the air, while treatment of liquid wastes leaves sludge, which must be disposed of. Moreover, dumping wastes into the ocean and other water bodies is not costless to society; sludge dumped in to the sea can kill or contaminate marine life and pollute nearby waters and beaches. The changing composition of solid wastes also adds to the problem of disposal. For example, plastics, (which are non-degradable and often have harmful combustion properties) make up an increasing percentage of solid wastes. All in all the problem of solid waste disposal can hardly be viewed with equanimity, ie, it surely represents a major environmental problems, that is likely to grow worse`. Economic growth leads to urbanization and urbanization leads to environmental waste pollution. The proper and efficient way of handling the waste materials requires a good deal of total sanitation and public awareness programmes. Public should be aware of the necessity of hygienic disposal of wastes generated. It is really a matter of great concern for the present however, because, waste generation seems increasing, in spite of local and global agendas to curb it, and because it directly impacts resources, environment, health, welfare etc.
Comparative Study of Common Guidelines for Watershed Development Programme in India
Authors: Singh Sarika
Published: December 2020

Of all the earthâ€™s resources, none is more fundamental to life than the water. Naturally it forms one of the significant components of all class conflict not only in developed countries but is more preponderant in third world countries. India is not an exception to this situation. At present though the contribution of primary sector (agriculture) is low in GDP in Indian economy, still agriculture remains the main source to absorb massive portion of unskilled labour force. Less then 2 % agriculture is irrigated by canal or well irrigation mainly due to non-availability of adequate water resources. To bring more land under irrigation government has launched prestigious programme since last thirty years to conserve the soil and water in rainfed areas. Since then Indian agriculture got the boost but the programme has under gone various changes over the period of years as per the guidelines put forward by the government of India. To state some of the milestones in guidelines are 1995 guideline, 2001 guideline and Hariyali guideline of 2003 and Integrated Watershed Management Guidelines of 2008 are of vital significance in view of saving farming and serving farmers. The guidelines differ from each other in approaches for project planning, implementation, coverage etc. This paper throws the light by comparing various aspects of each guideline in view of its implications to maintain the sustainable development of Indian society.
Globalization and its impact on Human Resource Management practice of India
Authors: Ray Subrata Ray
Published: December 2020

The approaching of the 21 century globalization poses unique HRM challenges to business chiefly those functioning across countrywide boundaries as transnational or global enterprises. Global trade is considered by the open flow of human and economic resources particularly in the developed economies of European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), other regional groupings such as the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Southern African Development Community, etc. Competing in global markets require loads of factors and centralization of its human resource practices is definitely imperative to get better global competitiveness and authorize workforce for global assignments. These developments are opening up new markets in a mode that has certainly not been seen earlier than. This accentuates the requirement to deal with human resources efficiently to increase aggressive benefit in the global market place. To attain this, organizations need an understanding of the factors that can decide the efficacy of different HR practices and approaches. This is because countries like India diverge down a number of scopes that persuade the attractiveness of direct overseas investments in every nation.Â
Indo Japanese Trade Potential in the Context of Bilateral Relations
Authors: SACHDEVA J K
Published: December 2020

India and Japan share a special relationship as fellow democracies seeking greater economic engagement in Asia. The major traded commodities changed from cotton-related products in the early 1900s to heavy machinery in the 1970s.Â Â  During the same period heavy industrial products were the major export commodities from Japan besides metal and metal products like iron and steel and steel plates. The 1980s marked the beginning of a new phase in Indo-Japan relations with the establishment ofÂ  the Maruti-Suzuki plant. There was a minor set back in relation in 1999 when India went through its nuclear test. In August 2000, however, Japanese Prime Minister Yoshiro Mori made a visit to India that helped propel ties forward. The relations have further been strengthened with the visit of Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama in 2009. This paper attempts to analyze imports and exports of commodities and products to and fro these countries to see the effect of bilateral relations on trade, after India initiated trade reforms in 1991. Data under HSN systems has been gathered from UNCOMTRADE database and grouped under heads as Agricultural commodities, products from food industry, earth crest, manufactured products, electronics and others. The time series has been analysed using dummy variables for trade reforms and tie ups. Potential products shall be explored using market share - growth matrix. Series has been detrended to see how variables responsible for trade between two countries adjust themselves in short run.Â Â
Voyage of Indian Banking Sector: 1979-2007
Authors: Birajdar Bhaskar
Published: December 2020

Observing through the voyage of India Banking Sector, it could be concluded that Indian banking system is operating under competitive state of affairs and earns revenues as if under monopolistic competition, despite not depending on traditional source of fund in the form of deposits as profitability, i.e., return on assets are increasing and approaching towards industry ratio. But still foreign banks functioning in India are on a higher plane with respect to its performance in comparison with other bank groups. Costs of deposits and return on advances of all scheduled commercial banks have declined in the post reform period. However, return on advances was approaching closer to industry average showing competition amongst the banks in making profit on the interest rate front.
Total Factor Productivity Growth in Indian Agriculture
Authors: Tripathi Amarnath
Published: December 2020

n this study, time series data has been related to broad agricultural outputs which included farming, livestock, forestry, and fisheries and 3 conventional inputs: labour, land, and capital, to construct an index of total factor productivity (TFP) between 1969-70 to 2005-06. A TFP index is simply the ratio of an output index to an input index. Therefore, growth in TFP is the residual share of output growth after accounting for changes in land, labor, and other conventional agricultural inputs. Changes in TFP can be interpreted as a measure of the collective contribution of non-conventional inputs in agriculture, such as improvements in input quality, market access, economies of scale, and technology. What emerges from this exercise is a picture that raises concern about future growth in Indian agriculture, and the welfare of the people who depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Agricultural productivity in India appeared to stagnate in the late 1990s after enjoying two decades of rapid growth.
Study of Monpa and Other Tribes of Tawang and West Kameng Districts, Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Deb Sukamal
Published: December 2020

Arunachal Pradesh, the 13th geographically largest frontier State of India covering an area of 83,743 sq. km. in hilly terrain of Eastern Himalayas having population of 13,82,611 persons has 3,863 villages, living 77.33% in rural areas and 43%Â  BPL (2011 Census). The territory was called â€œTerra Incognitaâ€ orÂ Â  No Manâ€™s Land till the beginning of the 20th century. Here, the process of development initiated around thirty years back. Due to absence of private sector unemployment has been rising rapidly.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  Monpa is one of the 25 major tribes. They are inhabitant of West Kameng and Tawang districts, Buddhists by religion. Traditional industries occupy a place of fundamental importance in the lives of this tribe although this feature stands equally true for the other tribes of the State too. The present researcher has intimately lived with them for couple of years in fulfilling the mandate of an Industrial Extension Officer. The wonderful carpets,Â  wood carving, mask making, bamboo baskets slung over the forehead of Monpa Women, their stone built houses, the unique atta chakkis (flour mills) operated by water power for grinding wheat, barley and millet into fine flour,Â  bokpoi (millet halwa) made out of it, the hand-made paper manufactured from the bark of sugu tree (dapne botanica), the compost made out of leaves of oak forests (parmong) used as fertilizer makes their agro-produce organic, the medicinal herbs, thankhas (holy scroll painting), red coat made out of best wool, the traditional headgear ( a cap made of black yakâ€™s hair with five long fingers protruding all around), traditional Monpa shoes, intricately carved and beautifully painted vessels are all best testimonies witnessing the relevance of traditional industries in their deeper socio-economic ethos. The Monpas are shrewd, cultured and thrifty by nature which is considered as essential traits of entrepreneurs. Without appropriate interventions these traditional industries may become extinct a day as the contemporary generation are less attracted towards these activities for its commercial gains are not well established and the profession has not acquired a respectful status in the modern system.Â Â Â  The empirical study, therefore, aims to access the present scenario of these brilliant traditional industries, its financial aspects, its relevance in the development process, to seek the problems faced, itâ€™s probable solutions and needed interventions as there is no in depth study on these issues till date under the sub-theme Rural livelihood markets and economies. Review of literature, collection of data from primary and secondary sources, documentations and researcherâ€™s field experience etc. are the key references of the study.___________Â
Robotic Process Automation in Audit and Accounting
Authors:   Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, LACUREZEANU Ramona , TIRON-TUDOR Adriana ,   Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, BRESFELEAN Vasile Paul ,   Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, Information Technology (IT) is part of virtually every business, and companies that cannot keep the pace with new technologies will disappear over time. Due to their nature of specific activities and exceeding other areas, professional accounting and auditing services can improve their performance through Robotic Process Automation (RPA). Furthermore, RPA can contribute to increasing the credibility of the accounting profession, as well as streamlining the activity in order to comply with the requirements imposed by professional standards but with much lower costs. This study is based on a review of the literature and through an exploratory approach opens a discussion on the concept of RPA and customises it in the field of professional accounting services by analysing robotics models specific to accounting and audit.
Sustainable Professional Training - Challenges and Solutions in Emerging European Countries
Authors:   The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania, STANCIU Victoria , RÎNDAŞU Sînziana-Maria ,   The Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Romania
Published: December 2020

One of the important factors that determined the dynamic of the accounting profession is represented by information technology. The article puts a spotlight on some facilities offered by technologies such as blockchain, big data and artificial intelligence, highlighting the way they can be used in accounting and auditing processes. We face a new paradigm in accounting and auditing, as a result of this consistent set of technologies integration in the work of professional accountants. Some of the information technologies are still emerging and others have already started to be used and therefore the issue of training professional accountants to acquire the knowledge and skills required by these technologies is becoming a major priority. The research carried out on the teaching of these information technologies in European faculties highlights a slow development in this regard. Although the awareness of the need is constantly declared, the actual teaching of those technologies is done in an extremely small number of universities. The authors appreciate that a more consistent and effective collaboration between the accounting faculties and the professional bodies is necessary for the alignment of the university curricula to the new requirements of the profession aiming at ensuring the fast integration of the graduates in the labor market.
Testing of Published Information on Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Conformity Analysis with the Benford’s Law Method
Authors:   University “1 Decembrie 1918” of Alba Iulia, Romania, CORACIONI Alexandru-Teodor , DANESCU Tatiana ,   University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mures, Romania
Published: December 2020

The issue of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change cannot be overlooked from the scope of concern essential to develop the financial audit profession and implicitly the activity of the financial auditor. Within its professional field, the analysis of data quality on these issues requires applying divers analytical review methods, which incorporates unique statistical or mathematical rules. One of these is the analytical review procedure based on testing compliance of data distribution with Benford’s Law. We present a practical case for testing the verisimilitude of data represented by greenhouse gas emissions, based on the Eurostat database. We applied the Benford's Law method for the first four digits, and the results were tested for likelihood by statistical methods such as Chi-square test or the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Information on greenhouse gas emissions is the basis for specific environmental policy decisions, which can be considered at the microor macroeconomic level. If this information is affected by subjective influences, then economic decisions or environmental policies will also be affected. Therefore, the objective of this research to test the plausibility of published data on greenhouse gas emissions proves its usefulness in relation with the actions performed by the economic and social players towards a sustainable development of the economy.
A Comprehensive Evolutionary Theory Deduced from Thermodynamics
Authors: Chen Ji-Ming
Published: December 2020

Studies on evolution have made significant progress in multiple disciplines, but evolutionary theories remain incomplete, controversial, and inadequate in explaining origin of life and macroevolution. Here we create the concept of carbon-based entities (CBEs) which include methane, amino acids, proteins, bacteria, animals, plants, and other entities containing carbon atoms. We then deduce the driving force, the progressive mechanisms, and the major steps of CBE evolution from thermodynamics. We hence establish a comprehensive evolutionary theory termed the CBE evolutionary theory (CBEET), which suggests that evolution is driven hierarchy-wise by thermodynamics and favors fitness and diversity. The CBEET provides novel explanations for origin of life (abiogenesis), macroevolution, natural selection, sympatric speciation, and animal group evolution in a comprehensive and comprehensible way. It elucidates that collaboration, altruism, obeying rules with properly increased freedom are important throughout the CBE evolution. It refutes thoroughly the notion that negative entropy (negentropy) leads to biological order which is distinct from thermodynamic order. It integrates with research advances in multiple disciplines and links up laws of physics, evolution in biology, and harmonious development of human society.
Maxwell Equations for Material Systems, Version 2
Authors: Eisenberg Robert
Published: December 2020

The Maxwell equations of electrodynamics describe electrical and magnetic forces with great accuracy in the vacuum of space. But the equations of electrodynamics applied to material systems are usually written in a way that obscures their accuracy. The usual formulation of the Maxwell equations includes a dielectric constant as a single real number that grossly over-approximates the actual properties of matter, particularly liquid matter so important in applications of electrodynamics to biology and chemistry. We rewrite two Maxwell equations here to make clear the precision of the Maxwell equations in the presence or absence of matter. We discuss and derive two well known corollaries that are as universal and precise as the Maxwell equations themselves: (1) a continuity equation that relates charge and flux and (2) a conservation equation in which total current never accumulates at all. The total current is the right hand side of the Ampere-Maxwell law. Total current is perfectly incompressible. It is conserved exactly, everywhere and at every time, independent of the microphysics of charge conduction. The total current combines the flux of charges and the ethereal current. The ethereal current \varepsilon_{o\ }\sfrac{\partial\mathbf{E}}{\partial t}\ exists everywhere, including the interior of atoms, because it is a property of space, not matter. The ethereal current exists, and thus flows, in a vacuum devoid of mass. The ethereal current is a consequence of the relativistic (Lorentz) invariance of charge. Charge does not change even if it moves at speeds approaching the velocity of light. Total current has properties quite distinct from flux of mass because of the ethereal current. Most strikingly, in the one dimensional unbranched systems of electronic circuits and biological ion channels, the total current is independent of location, even if the flux of charges varies a great deal. Indeed, the Maxwell equations—and thus conservation of total current—act as a perfect low pass spatial filter, converting the infinite variation of (the Brownian model of) thermal motion of charges to the zero variation of the total current.
Role of Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Human Blood Platelet Function: A Review
Authors: Duttaroy Asim K
Published: December 2020

Emerging data have demonstrated a strong association between the gut microbiota and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as atherosclerosis, inflammation, obesity, insulin resistance, platelet hyperactivity, and plasma lipid abnormalities. Several studies in humans and animal models have demonstrated an association between gut microbial metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids, and bile acid metabolites, amino acid breakdown products, with CVD. Human blood platelets are a critical contributor to the hemostatic process. Besides, these blood cells play a crucial role in developing atherosclerosis and, finally, contribute to cardiac events. Since the TMAO, and other metabolites of the gut microbiota, are associated with platelet hyperactivity, lipid disorders, and oxidative stress, the diet-gut microbiota interactions have become an important research area in the cardiovascular field. Platelets became hyperactive in people with diabetes mellitus, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and insulin resistance and exhibited increased sensitivity at a baseline level and in response to agonists, ultimately contributing to increased aggregation plaque development. In addition to these factors, TMAO also contributes to platelet hyperactivity. Several approaches are now suggested to reduce plasma TMAO levels, such as microbiota modulation using probiotics, prebiotics, and oral broad-spectrum antibiotics. This review describes the association between microbiota-derived metabolites and CVD development.
A Participatory Analysis of the Control and Certification System in the Italian Organic Rice Value Chain
Authors: Dara Guccione Giovanni , Pagliarino Elena , Vaccaro Alessandra , Borri Ilaria , Borsotto Patrizia
Published: December 2020

Italy is the leading European producer of rice. The transition to organic farming could represent a solution for environmental protection, as well as for the economic sustainability of farms, consumer safety and as a measure of climate mitigation, but it currently displays several weaknesses in the control and certification system. The objective of the current study is to propose advice for improving the control and certification scheme in the organic rice sector. To achieve this aim, we adopted a qualitative methodology based on participant observation at stakeholders’ meetings, focus groups, community-led workshops and deep interviews with relevant local actors. Findings show that there are some solutions to mitigate the weakness of the Italian certification scheme. The study also produces managerial implications to improve the Italian organic rice system.
Physiological and Medico-Social Research Trends of the Wave P300 and More Late Components of Visual Event-Related Potentials
Authors: Lytaev Sergey , Vatamaniuk Irina
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was aimed to study the sensory processes of the “human-computer interaction” model when classifying visual images with an incomplete set of signs based on the analysis of early, middle, late and slow components of event-related potentials (ERPs). 26 healthy subjects (men) aged 20-22 years were investigated. ERPs in 19 monopolar sites according to the 10/20 system were recorded. Discriminant and factor analysis were applied. The component N450 is the most specialized indicator of the perception of unrecognizable (oddball) visual images. The amplitude of the ultra-late components N750 and N900 is also higher under conditions of presentation of the oddball image, regardless of the location of the registration points. The results of the study are discussed in the light of the paradigm of the P300 wave application in brain-computer interface systems, as well as with the peculiarities in brain pathology. Promising directions for the development of studies of the “Brain Computer Interface” (BCI) P300 systems are to increase the throughput of information flows. To extend the application of the P300 ERPs to multiple modalities, the underlying physiological mechanisms and responses of the brain for a particular sensory system and mental function must be carefully examined.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Visualization And Simulation of Multiphysics in Point Source Dc Magnetometric Resistivity Method
Authors: Gao Wenlong , Zhou Lei , Yan Liangjun
Published: December 2020

Magnetometric Resistivity(MMR) Method, which can use the power supply method of the traditional apparent resistivity method to measure the magnetic field. At present, the application research abroad is relatively extensive, but the domestic(China) research on the application of the MMR method is very few, and it is not even well-known. This paper is based on the MMR theoretical method under the point source DC condition, combined with the abnormal potential method and the modified Biot-Savart law, and using the three-dimensional numerical calculation method of the finite difference method to calculate the abnormal potential field, electric field, and magnetic field on the matlab2018a platform. Calculate, realize the multi-physics simulation in the electromagnetic field through Matlab platform programming, and verify the correctness of the algorithm by the spherical anomaly model with an analytical solution. Through the visual simulation of the three-dimensional data volume of the multi-physics field in the electromagnetic field, we can better understand the response mechanism of the electromagnetic field under DC conditions and grasp their three-dimensional spatial distribution rules. It is hoped that the research in this article can help the research of MMR Personnel better use this method for exploration.
Bi-Level Phase Load Balancing Methodology with Clustering-Based Consumers’ Selection Criterion for Switching Device Placement in Microgrids
Authors: Grigoraș Gheorghe , Neagu Bogdan-Constantin , Scarlatache Florina , Noroc Livia , Chelaru Ecaterina
Published: December 2020

In the last years, the Distribution Grid Operators (DGOs) assumed transition strategies of the distribution grids towards an active area associated with the "Smart Grids" concept. They are considering the use of Artificial Intelligence techniques, combined with advanced technologies and real-time remote communication solutions of the enormous data amounts, to develop smart solutions into the small size distribution grids, also called microgrids (μGs). These solutions will provide support for the DGOs to ensure an optimal operation of the technical infrastructure of the μGs. In this context, a bi-level methodology for solving the phase load balancing problem in the μGs with complex topologies and a high number of single-phase consumers, considering a clustering-based selection criterion of the consumers for placement of the switching devices, was proposed in the paper. A real μG from a rural area, with 114 consumers integrated into the Smart Metering System (SMS), belonging to the DGO from Romania, was considered in testing the proposed methodology. An implementation degree of 17.5%, corresponding to the phase load balancing equipment installed to only 20 consumers from the μG, led to a faster computational time with 43% and reducing the number of switching operations by 92% than in the case of a full implementation degree (100%). The performance indicators related to the unbalance factor and energy-saving used in the evaluation of the technical benefits highlighted the efficiency of the proposed methodology.
The Impact of the Relation Between Political Borders and Ecosystems in Creating Green Infrastructure Opportunities - the City of Prague
Authors: Hussein Jenan , Salama May , Kumble Peter , Hanson IV Henry.W.A
Published: December 2020

Cities are small on earth’s surface but they are the most attractive places for people to live and work; cities are developing quickly, thus it’s important to keep it a better quality place to live as it has the major of the economic activities and more job opportunities and other social and economic advantages to be a more green and sustainable place. Seeking to achieve sustainable use of ecosystems and conserve natural resources in the city of Prague; integrating ecological sustainability goals, the political borders as a reflection of urban development in the city, and ecosystems edges in blue and green functions impact the city development, and present opportunities to create strategies for green and blue infrastructure and clarifying threats could slow down the process to achieve the sustainability and greenery application. Also checking possible urban areas for development like brownfields and clarifying their relationship with political borders and ecosystems to find possible areas to add for sustainable green use, which will create better places for people to live and raise the value of life as well.
Virus-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Recurrent High-Grade Glioma
Authors: Immidisetti Amanda V. , Nwagwu Chibueze D. , Adamson David Cory , Patel Nitesh V. , Carbonell Anne-Marie
Published: December 2020

As new treatment modalities are being explored in neuro-oncology, viruses are emerging as a promising class of therapeutics. Virotherapy consists of introduction of either wild-type or engineered viruses to the site of disease, where they exert anti-tumor effect. These viruses can either be non-lytic, in which case they are used to deliver gene therapy, or lytic, which induce tumor cell lysis and subsequent host immunologic response. Replication-competent viruses can then go on to further infect and lyse neighboring glioma cells. This treatment paradigm is being explored extensively in both preclinical and clinical studies for a variety of indications. Virus-based therapies are advantageous due to the natural susceptibility of glioma cells to viral infection, which improves therapeutic selectivity. Furthermore, lytic viruses expose glioma antigens to the host immune system and subsequently stimulate an immune response that specifically targets tumor cells. This review surveys the current landscape of oncolytic virotherapy clinical trials in high-grade glioma, summarizes preclinical experiences, identifies challenges associated with this modality across multiple trials, and highlights potential to integrate this therapeutic strategy into promising combinatory approaches.
Scanning Accuracy of Bracket Features and Slot Base Angle in Different Bracket Materials by Four Intraoral Scanners
Authors: Shin Seon-Hee , Yu Hyung-Seog , Cha Jung-Yul , Kwon Jae-Sung , Hwang Chung-Ju
Published: December 2020

Accurate expression of bracket prescription is important for successful orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of digital scan images of brackets produced by four different intraoral scanners (IOSs) in terms of the height, position, and angle of the bracket slot when scanning the surface of dental model attached with bracket materials made from different composition of materials. Brackets made from stainless steel, polycrystalline alumina, composite and composite/stainless steel slot were considered, which have been scanned from 4 different IOSs (Primescan, Trios, CS3600 and i500). SEM images were used as references. Each bracket axis was set in the reference scan image, and the axis was set identically by superimposing with the IOS image, and then only the brackets were divided and analyzed. The difference between the manufacturer's nominal torque and bracket slot base angle was 0.39 in SEM, 1.96 in Primescan, 2.04 in Trios, and 5.21 in CS3600 (P <0.001). The parallelism, which is the difference between the upper and lower angles of the slot wall, was 0.55 in SEM, 7.55 in Primescan, 6.74 in Trios3, 6.59 in CS3600, and 24.95 in i500 (p <0.001). This study evaluated the accuracy of the bracket only and it must be admitted that there is some error in recognizing slots through scanning in general
Stick around: Cell-Cell Adhesion Molecules during Neocortical Development
Authors: de Agustín-Durán David , Mateos-White Isabel , Fabra-Beser Jaime , Gil-Sanz Cristina
Published: December 2020

The neocortex is an exquisitely organized structure achieved through complex cellular processes from the generation of neural cells to their integration into cortical circuits after complex migration processes. During this long journey, neural cells need to stablish and release adhesive interactions through cell surface receptors known as cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Several types of CAMs have been described regulating different aspects of neurodevelopment. Whereas some of them mediate interactions with the extracellular matrix, others allow contacts with additional cells. In this review, we will focus on the role of two important families of cell-cell adhesion molecules (C-CAMs), classical cadherins and nectins, as well as in their effectors, in the control of fundamental processes related with corticogenesis, with especial attention in the cooperative actions among the two families of C-CAMs.
Case Study of the Effect of Precoating on the Decarburization of the Surface Layer of Forged Parts during the Hot Die Forging Process
Authors: Widomski Paweł , Zwierzchowski Maciej , Barełkowski Artur , Tympalski Mateusz
Published: December 2020

Based on tests results, the possibility of using this solution in the technique of industrial hot forging was evaluated. The results of laboratory tests have confirmed that lubrication of metal pieces is sufficient as well as proved it to be effective in reducing decarburization of the surface layer. Research works conducted in an induction heater showed differences in decarburization depending on a substance and concentration of lubricants that were used. These differences become more apparent when observing the surface layer of the forged parts. Results indicate that decarburization may be reduced to a minimum when we use Bonderite product in a concentration of 66% and 50%. Another lubricant, Berulit 913, may also be used. However, due to burning graphite in high temperatures, reduction of decarburization goes only as far as half of the thickness of the decarbonized layer. Condursal has no significant effect; nevertheless, it protects over the induction heating stage.
Optimal Organ Protection and Blood Pressure Control with the Single Pill Combination Lisinopril, Amlodipine and Indapamide in Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Nedogoda S. V. , Sanina T. N. , Tsoma V. V. , Ledyaeva A. A. , Chumachek E. V. , Salasyuk A. S. , Vlasov D. S. , Bychkova O. I.
Published: December 2020

Aim. To evaluate the single pill combination with lisinopril, amlodipine and indapamide ability in additional angioprotection achievement in patients with arterial hypertension and high pulse wave velocity (PWV) regardless on previous antihypertensive therapy (AHT).Material and methods. To the open non-randomized study duration 12 weeks 40 patients were included taking triple AHT during 6 months. All participants underwent ambulatory 24 hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring, applanation tonometry (augmentation index and central BP), pulse wave velocity assessment, laboratory tests (HbA1c, serum uric acid, high sensitive C-reactive protein [hsCRP], serum uric acid).Results. We observed additional systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) reduction by 16.9% and 22.11% on lisinopril, amlodipine and indapamide single pill combination. Lisinopril, amlodipine and indapamide single pill combination decreased 24 h mean SBP by 16.77%, and 24 h mean DBP -23.5% (ABPM data), PWV by 19.7%, augmentation index by 14.81%, central SBP by 11.9% (p<0,05). There were positive changes in hsCRP level (-13.0%, p<0.05) and serum uric acid (-9.0%, p<0.05).Conclusion. Lisinopril, amlodipine and indapamide single pill combination provided control BP, arterial elastic properties improving (augmentation index, PWV, central BP) and favorable influence on inflammation and serum uric acid level.
Surgical Management of Triquetral Osteoid Osteoma with Adjunct Tetracycline for Intraoperative Visualization
Authors: Swank Katherine R. , Baker Erin A. , Gehrke Corinn K. , Rohde Rachel S.
Published: December 2020

Case:

We report the case of a 15-year-old male patient presenting with persistent wrist pain after surgical treatment of a triquetral osteoid osteoma. The patient was found to have a persistent nidus. These tumors are difficult to observe intraoperatively or through fluoroscopy, limiting adequate resection and resulting in continued pain.

Conclusion:

The nidus was excised successfully through an unusual technique using tetracycline for intraoperative identification. The patient remains asymptomatic without recurrence at 31 months postoperative. Difficulties visualizing and removing carpal lesions leading to recurrence are described.
Terrible Triad Elbow Fracture Dislocation with Ipsilateral Triceps Avulsion and Radial Shaft Fracture
Authors: Dehghani Nazhvani HamidReza , Bemani Lirgeshasi Sam , Bahari Milad
Published: December 2020

Case:

We report an unusual combination of injuries, terrible triad elbow fracture dislocation with ipsilateral avulsion of the triceps, and radial shaft fracture in a 23-year-old man. He was managed surgically and had good postoperative outcomes.

Conclusion:

Evaluation of the triceps tendon avulsion injury is difficult in this context, such as problems evaluating the rotator cuff injuries after a shoulder fracture dislocation. Because of the diagnostic difficulty, a high index of suspicion is necessary.
Muscular Hernia of the Leg After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Hamstring Autograft
Authors: Legallois Yohan , Baujard Alexandre , Lukas Simon , Leclerc Jean-Thomas , Martinot Pierre , Girard Julien
Published: December 2020

Case:

A 20-year-old woman presented with symptomatic instability secondary to traumatic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction was performed using a 4-strand semitendinosus autograft harvested using a posterior approach. At her 2-month follow-up, a painful mass was palpable, and a hernia of the medial gastrocnemius was confirmed by ultrasound. This was treated with fascial closure. The clinical outcome was excellent at final follow-up.

Conclusion:

This is the first case reported in the literature of a muscular hernia after an ACL reconstruction using a posterior harvest of the semitendinosus. Surgeons must be aware of this specific complication and how it may be addressed.
Extracellular Hydraulic Resistance Enhances Cell Migration
Authors: Maity Debonil , Bera Kaustav , Li Yizeng , Ge Zhuoxu , Chen Yun , Konstantopoulos Konstantinos , Sun Sean
Published: December 2020

Cells migrating in vivo can encounter microenvironments with varying physical properties. One such physical variable is the viscosity of the fluid surrounding the cell. Increased fluid viscosity is expected to increase the hydraulic resistance experienced by the migrating cell and therefore decrease the cell speed. We demonstrate that contrary to this expected result, cells migrate faster in high viscosity media on 2D substrates. To reveal the molecular mechanism, we examined both actin dynamics and water dynamics driven by ion channel activity. Results show that cells increased in area in high viscosity and actomyosin dynamics remained similar, except that actin retrograde flow speed is reduced. Inhibiting ion channel fluxes in high viscosity media results in a large reduction in cell speed, suggesting that water flux contributes to the observed speed increase. Moreover, inhibiting actin-dependent vesicular trafficking that transports ion channels from the ER to the cell boundary changes ion channel spatial positioning and reduces cell speed in high viscosity media. Cells also displayed altered Ca2+-activity in high viscosity media, and when cytoplasmic Ca2+ is sequestered, cell speed reduction and altered ion channel positioning were observed. Taken together, we find that the cell cytoplasmic actin-phase and water-phase are coupled during cell migration in high viscosity media. Directional water fluxes are mediated by ion channels whose position depend on actin-based vesicular trafficking. There are no significant changes in ion channel total content in high viscosity, in agreement with physical modeling that also predicts the observed cell speedup in high viscosity environment.
Voice disorders after total thyroidectomy: Prospective patient self-assessment in comparison with traditional and alternative methods of examining the vocal folds
Authors: Shulutko Alexander , Semikov Vasiliy , Moiseev Andrey , Osmanov Elkhan , Boblak Yulia , Mansurova Gaukhar , Kazaryan Airazat
Published: December 2020

Background

Voice alterations after thyroidectomy with mobile vocal folds are common. Ultrasonography has been used to assess the mobility of the vocal folds after thyroidectomy.
Methods

54 patients underwent thyroidectomy. Indirect laryngoscopy, ultrasonography and GRBAS scoring were performed preoperatively,3 days, 2 and 6 months postoperatively.
Results

On the third postoperative day, the mobility of the vocal folds was preserved in 52 patients and paresis were recorded in 2 patients. All patients after total thyroidectomy noted the presence of voice alteration in the absence of the postoperative paresis of the vocal folds. On the third postoperative day, the voice was impaired by all criteria of the GRBAS scale, but mainly due to roughness (85%). Sixth month postoperatively 62% of the subjects considered the voice to be altered. Asthenia was observed in 39%. On the third postoperative day indirect laryngoscopy revealed the unchanged vocal folds, the symmetrical edema and the shortening of one of the vocal folds in 56%,42% and 1.9%. Six months postoperatively, the vocal folds returned to their original form. Ultrasonography was well correlated to the results of indirect laryngoscopy. Patients with edema of the vocal folds had a significantly higher mean GRBAS grade than patients without edema. The mean GRBAS score decreased from 3.36 to 0.90, 3 days and 6 months postoperatively.
Conclusion

Voice alteration after total thyroidectomy is always present. Postoperative edema represents a likely main cause of voice alteration and resolves within 6 months. Ultrasonography is recommended as alternative to indirect laryngoscopy in assessing of the vocal folds in thyroid surgery patients.
Imaging and Radiomics Study of Microvascular Infiltration of Primary Liver Cancer Using a Seven-point Pathological Sampling Method
Authors: Huang Xialing , Wei Jieqin , Ye Xinping , Lv Zili , Zhang Ling , Jiang Muliang , Chen Yidi , Wang Fang , Xia Yuwei , Long Liling
Published: December 2020

Purpose：In this study, the aim was to assess the imaging features and radiomics of microvascular infiltration (MVI) of primary liver cancer (PLC) under the control of a seven-point pathological sampling method.Methods: The data of 37 patients with PLC who underwent surgical resection in our hospital from October 2018 to September 2019 were retrospectively collected. Postoperative pathological specimens were collected using a seven-point sampling method to determine the presence of MVI. Preoperative CT and MRI scans were performed to characterize the tumors. Findings from the imaging studies were imported into the radiomics platform, and 70% and 30% of the data were randomly assigned to the training and validation sets, respectively. Lastly, support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were used to classify liver lesions into their respective pathological types.Results: Differences in tumor morphology and satellite lesions were statistically significant between the MVI positive and MVI negative groups on CT images. On MRI, there were statistically significant differences between the MVI positive and MVI negative groups in peripheral enhancement of the arterial phase (AP) and peripheral low signal in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP). In the radiomics analysis, the imaging features extracted from the AP had strong predictive power in both groups (CT and MRI). For the phase images, 15 and 12 valuable features from CT and MRI were selected to develop the radiomics signature, respectively. The AUCs of the training set were 0.965 (sensitivity: 0.979; specificity: 0.931; precision: 0.939) and 0.962 (sensitivity: 0.963; specificity: 0.897; precision: 0.923) , the validation set were 0.842 (sensitivity: 0.967; specificity: 0.733; precision: 0.714) and 0.769 (sensitivity: 0.846; specificity: 0.727; precision: 0.727). The PVP also performed well on CT (AUC: 0.851/0.891) and MRI (AUC: 0.886/0.846). The predictive power was not enhanced by combining the features of multi-phase images.Conclusions: This was a controlled study on preoperative CT and MRI imaging and radiomics based on a seven-point pathological sampling method can avoid false-negative results caused by traditional pathological sampling. The imaging analysis results obtained and the radiomics prediction model established in this study may be more accurate than conventional models.
Plant diversity effects on herbivory are mediated by soil biodiversity and plant chemistry
Authors: Ristok Christian , Weinhold Alexander , Ciobanu Marcel , Poeschl Yvonne , Roscher Christiane , Vergara Fredd , Eisenhauer Nico , Dam Nicole van
Published: December 2020

Insect herbivory is a key process in ecosystem functioning. While theory predicts that plant diversity modulates herbivory, the mechanistic links remain unclear. We postulated that the plant metabolome mechanistically links plant diversity and herbivory. In autumn and in spring, we assessed aboveground herbivory rates and plant metabolomes of seven plant species in experimental plant communities varying in plant species and resource acquisition strategy diversity. In the same plots, we also measured plant individual biomass as well as soil microbial and nematode community composition. Herbivory rates decreased with increasing plant species richness. Path modelling revealed that plant species richness and community resource acquisition strategy affected soil community composition. In particular, changes in nematode community composition affected plant metabolomes and thereby herbivory rates. These results provide experimental evidence that soil community composition plays an important role in reducing herbivory rates with increasing plant diversity by changing plant metabolomes.