bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stretchable Ultrasound Metalens for Biomedical Zoom Imaging and Bone Quality Assessment with Subwavelength Resolution
Authors: He Jiajie , Jiang Xue , Zhang Chuanxin , Li Ying , Liu Chengcheng , Liu Xin , Li Boyi , Peng Huisheng , Ta Dean
Published: July 2024

Ultrasound imaging is extensively used in biomedical science and clinical practice. Imaging resolution and tunability of imaging plane are key performance indicators, but both remain challenging to be improved due to the longer wavelength compared with light and the lack of zoom lens for ultrasound. Here, the ultrasound zoom imaging based on a stretchable planar metalens that simultaneously achieves the subwavelength imaging resolution and dynamic control of the imaging plane is reported. The proposed zoom imaging ultrasonography enables precise bone fracture diagnosis and comprehensive osteoporosis assessment. Millimeter‐scale microarchitectures of the cortical bones at different depths can be selectively imaged with a 0.6‐wavelength resolution. The morphological features of bone fractures, including the shape, size and position, are accurately detected. Based on the extracted ultrasound information of cancellous bones with healthy matrix, osteopenia and osteoporosis, a multi‐index osteoporosis evaluation method is developed. Furthermore, it provides additional biological information in aspects of bone elasticity and attenuation to access the comprehensive osteoporosis assessment. The soft metalens also features flexibility and biocompatibility for preferable applications on wearable devices. This work provides a strategy for the development of high‐resolution ultrasound biomedical zoom imaging and comprehensive bone quality diagnosis system.
Utilization of Additive Manufacturing Techniques for the Development of a Novel Scaffolds with Magnetic Properties for Potential Application in Enhanced Bone Regeneration
Authors: Orozco‐Osorio Yeison Alejandro , Gaita‐Anturi Angela Victoria , Ossa‐Orozco Claudia Patricia , Arias‐Acevedo María , Uribe Diego , Paucar Carlos , Vasquez Andres Felipe , Saldarriaga Wilmer , Ramirez Juan Gabriel , Lopera Alex , García Claudia
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on designing and evaluating scaffolds with essential properties for bone regeneration, such as biocompatibility, macroporous geometry, mechanical strength, and magnetic responsiveness. The scaffolds are made using 3D printing with acrylic resin and iron oxides synthesized through solution combustion. Utilizing triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) geometry and mask stereolithography (MSLA) printing, the scaffolds achieve precise geometrical features. The mechanical properties are enhanced through resin curing, and magnetite particles from synthesized nanoparticles and alluvial magnetite are added for magnetic properties. The scaffolds show a balance between stiffness, porosity, and magnetic responsiveness, with maximum compression strength between 4.8 and 9.2 MPa and Young's modulus between 58 and 174 MPa. Magnetic properties such as magnetic coercivity, remanence, and saturation are measured, with the best results from scaffolds containing synthetic iron oxides at 1% weight. The viscosity of the mixtures used for printing is between 350 and 380 mPas, and contact angles between 90° and 110° are achieved. Biocompatibility tests indicate the potential for clinical trials, though further research is needed to understand the impact of magnetic properties on cellular interactions and optimize scaffold design for specific applications. This integrated approach offers a promising avenue for the development of advanced materials capable of promoting enhanced bone regeneration.
Naphthalene Diimide‐Modified SnO2 Enabling Low‐Temperature Processing for Efficient ITO‐Free Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cho Il‐Wook , Kim Ga Yeon , Kim Sangcho , Lee Yu‐Jun , Oh Jaewon , Ryu Mee‐Yi , Lee Jinho , Lee Min Soo , Jang Soo‐Young , Lee Kwanghee , Kang Hongkyu
Published: July 2024

A low‐cost and indium‐tin‐oxide (ITO)‐free electrode‐based flexible perovskite solar cell (PSC) that can be fabricated by roll‐to‐roll processing shall be developed for successful commercialization. High processing temperatures present a challenge for the PSC fabrication on flexible substrates. The most efficient planar n–i–p PSC structures, which utilize a metal oxide as an electron transport layer (ETL), necessitate high annealing temperatures. In addition, the device performance deteriorates owing to the migration of halogen ions, which causes the oxidation of the metal electrodes. These drawbacks conflict with the development of highly efficient flexible PSCs fabricated on ITO‐free transparent electrodes. Herein, an efficient ETL material that enables low‐temperature processing is presented. Tin dioxide (SnO2) is modified by (sulfobetaine‐N,N‐dimethylamino)propyl naphthalene diimide (NDI‐B) and used as an ETL. The NDI‐B effectively reduces the interfacial nonradiative recombination between the ETL and perovskite and suppresses the ion migration by passivating oxygen‐vacancy defects in SnO2 and strongly interacting with halogen ions, respectively. Based on the NDI‐B‐blended SnO2 ETL, a record PCE of 17.48% is achieved in the ITO‐free flexible PSC fabricated at low temperature.
Orally Delivered Stimulus‐Sensitive Nanomedicine to Harness Teduglutide Efficacy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Barros Andreia S. , Pinto Soraia , Viegas Juliana , Martins Claúdia , Almeida Helena , Alves Inês , Pinho Salomé , Nunes Rute , Harris Alan , Sarmento Bruno
Published: July 2024

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) analogs possess high potential in the treatment of IBD by enhancing intestinal repair and attenuating inflammation. Due to the enzymatic degradation and poor intestinal absorption, GLP‐2 analogs are administered parenterally, which leads to poor patient compliance. This work aims to develop IBD‐targeted nanoparticles (NPs) for the oral delivery of the GLP‐2 analog, Teduglutide (TED). Leveraging the overproduction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the IBD environment, ROS‐sensitive NPs are developed to target the intestinal epithelium, bypassing the mucus barrier. PEGylation of NPs facilitates mucus transposition, but subsequent PEG removal is crucial for cellular internalization. This de‐PEGylation is possible by including a ROS‐sensitive thioketal linker within the system. ROS‐sensitive NPs are established, with the ability to fully de‐PEGylate via ROS‐mediated cleavage. Encapsulation of TED into NPs resulted in the absence of absorption in 3D in vitro models, potentially promoting a localized action, and avoiding adverse effects due to systemic absorption. Upon oral administration to colitis‐induced mice, ROS‐sensitive NPs are located in the colon, displaying healing capacity and reducing inflammation. Cleavable PEGylated NPs demonstrate effective potential in managing IBD symptoms and modulating the disease's progression.
Self‐Assembled Molecular Layers as Interfacial Engineering Nanomaterials in Rechargeable Battery Applications
Authors: He Xin , Kwon Minkyung , Chung Juchan , Lee Kangsik , Choi Yongjun , Im Yeji , Jang Jiung , Choi Yongjune , Yoon Hyo Jae
Published: July 2024

Rechargeable batteries have transformed human lives and modern industry, ushering in new technological advancements such as mobile consumer electronics and electric vehicles. However, to fulfill escalating demands, it is crucial to address several critical issues including energy density, production cost, cycle life and durability, temperature sensitivity, and safety concerns is imperative. Recent research has shed light on the intricate relationship between these challenges and the chemical processes occurring at the electrode‐electrolyte interface. Consequently, a novel approach has emerged, utilizing self‐assembled molecular layers (SAMLs) of meticulously designed molecules as nanomaterials for interface engineering. This research provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies underscoring the significant roles played by SAML in rechargeable battery applications. It discusses the mechanisms and advantageous features arising from the incorporation of SAML. Moreover, it delineates the remaining challenges in SAML‐based rechargeable battery research and technology, while also outlining future perspectives.
Diagnostic Protocols for Evaluating the Degradation Mechanisms in Gel‐Polymer Lithium Batteries
Authors: Cabañero Maria Angeles , Orive Joseba , Bustinza Ainhoa , Gómez Germán , Celaya Ander , Bonilla Francisco , de Meatza Iratxe , López del Amo Juan Miguel , Casas‐Cabanas Montse
Published: July 2024

Gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) present a promising alternative to standard liquid electrolytes (LE) for Lithium‐ion Batteries (LIBs) and Lithium Metal Batteries bridging the advantages of both liquid and solid polymer electrolytes. However, their cycle life still lags behind that of standard LIBs, and their degradation mechanisms remain poorly understood. A significant challenge is the need for specific diagnostic protocols to systematically study the degradation mechanisms of GPE‐based cells. Challenges include the separation of cell components and effective washing, as well as the study of the solid electrolyte interfaces, all complicated by the semi‐solid nature of GPEs. This paper provides a brief review of existing literature and proposes a comprehensive set of diagnostic tools for dismantling and evaluating the degradation of GPE‐based LIBs. Finally, these methods and recommendations are applied to LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO)–graphite cells, revealing electrolyte oxidation as a major source of cell degradation.
Towards Sustainability: An Eco‐Friendly Approach for Durable Anti‐Icing Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Pradhan Reshab , Grewal Harpreet Singh
Published: July 2024

The growing interest in flexible superhydrophobic surfaces extends beyond various practical applications like solar panels, flexible electronics, etc. This study introduces a cost‐effective and environmentally friendly method to create a durable, flexible, and optically semi‐transparent superhydrophobic film with an extreme anti‐icing character. The prestrained polydimethylsiloxane film subjected to biofuel‐based flame treatment under controlled conditions induces microwrinkles with a superimposed cluster of nanoparticles while maintaining surface flexibility and transparency. This meticulous process enhances surface roughness, achieving superhydrophobic characteristics (θ > 165˚) with a remarkably low tilting angle (<3˚) with adhesion against water <2 µN (lower than Lotus leaf). The films applied over solar panels result in <1% voltage drop within 5 s due to effective cleaning under simulated rain. The remarkable anti‐icing performance of the developed film is characterized by ice adhesion <25 kPa over 50 icing/de‐icing cycles attributed to the presence of nanoclusters. The films displayed exceptional resilience and sustained efficacy under prolonged exposure to harsh external environments. These superhydrophobic films, characterized by flexibility, durability, and transparency, present promising opportunities for fabricating structures, even with intricate geometries. These findings imply a significant stride in the practical utilization of superhydrophobic surfaces, demonstrating their potential in diverse real‐world applications.
Asymmetric Alkylthio Branched Chain on Pentacyclic Small Molecular Acceptors Enables High Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Bigui , Liang Songting , Chen Weikun , Fan Bin , Wei Qingya , Shi Qinhao , Yuan Jun , Zou Yingping
Published: July 2024

Solution‐processible organic solar cells (OSCs) have gained much attention as one of the most promising options for sustainable energy. With rapidly increasing efficiency of OSCs, developing small molecular acceptors (SMAs) with simple molecular structures are critical for reducing the cost of photovoltaics. Herein, three new SMAs (BZ4F‐C2SEH, BZ4F‐2C2SEH, BZ4F‐SEH) are designed by the incorporation of ethyl(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfane or (2‐ethylhexyl)‐sulfane at the β‐position of thiophene. As a result, the BZ4F‐C2SEH‐based devices obtained an optimal PCE of 15.08% with a good balance between open‐circuit voltage (Voc = 0.87 V) and short‐circuit current density (Jsc  = 23.27 mA cm−2) by blending with low‐cost polymer donor PTQ10. Besides, the BZ4F‐C2SEH based devices treated by thermal annealing (TA) and solvent annealing (SVA) deliver a satisfactory power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.18% with a Voc of 0.88 V, and a Jsc of 23.98 mA cm−2. This work highlights that attaching asymmetric alkylthio side chain at the β‐position of thiophene can be used as an effective molecular design strategy to trade off Voc and Jsc, thus improving the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.
Successful treatment of a Himalayan cat with feline orofacial pain syndrome
Authors: Ertelt Katrin , Dörner Judith
Published: July 2024

Feline orofacial pain syndrome is a neuropathic pain disorder in cats, characterised by oral discomfort and tongue self‐mutilation. The pathogenesis of feline orofacial pain syndrome remains unclear, but trigger factors such as dental disease and environmental stress have been described. Feline orofacial pain syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion, and suggested treatment includes administration of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents, opioids and adjuvant drugs for analgesia. This case report describes a 4‐year‐old female Himalayan cat with anorexia, ranula and unilateral lesions of the tongue. Clinical signs ranged from pawing at the mouth to tongue self‐mutilation during severe pain attacks. Although no dental disease was present, a dominant and suppressive partner cat may have had a stressful influence. First‐line treatment with non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and opioids could not prevent further pain attacks. Successful treatment was achieved with administration of pregabalin and minimisation of potential stress factors. No clinical signs of pain were observed in a follow‐up period of 2 years.
Beyond surface: Unveiling ecological and economic ramifications of microplastic pollution in the oceans
Authors: Kurniawan Tonni Agustiono , Mohyuddin Ayesha , Othman Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan , Goh Hui Hwang , Zhang Dongdong , Anouzla Abdelkader , Aziz Faissal , Casila Joan C. , Ali Imran , Pasaribu Buntora
Published: July 2024

Every year, the global production of plastic waste reaches a staggering 400 million metric tons (Mt), precipitating adverse consequences for the environment, food safety, and biodiversity as it degrades into microplastics (MPs). The multifaceted nature of MP pollution, coupled with its intricate physiological impacts, underscores the pressing need for comprehensive policies and legislative frameworks. Such measures, alongside advancements in technology, hold promise in averting ecological catastrophe in the oceans. Mandated legislation represents a pivotal step towards restoring oceanic health and securing the well‐being of the planet. This work offers an overview of the policy hurdles, legislative initiatives, and prospective strategies for addressing global pollution due to MP. Additionally, this work explores innovative approaches that yield fresh insights into combating plastic pollution across various sectors. Emphasizing the importance of a global plastics treaty, the article underscores its potential to galvanize collaborative efforts in mitigating MP pollution's deleterious effects on marine ecosystems. Successful implementation of such a treaty could revolutionize the plastics economy, steering it towards a circular, less polluting model operating within planetary boundaries. Failure to act decisively risks exacerbating the scourge of MP pollution and its attendant repercussions on both humanity and the environment. Central to this endeavor are the formulation, content, and execution of the treaty itself, which demand careful consideration. While recognizing that a global plastics treaty is not a panacea, it serves as a mechanism for enhancing plastics governance and elevating global ambitions towards achieving zero plastic pollution by 2040. Adopting a life cycle approach to plastic management allows for a nuanced understanding of possible trade‐offs between environmental impact and economic growth, guiding the selection of optimal solutions with socio‐economic implications in mind. By embracing a comprehensive strategy that integrates legislative measures and technological innovations, we can substantially reduce the influx of marine plastic litter at its sources, safeguarding the oceans for future generations.
Machine learning for pest detection and infestation prediction: A comprehensive review
Authors: Mittal Mamta , Gupta Vedika , Aamash Mohammad , Upadhyay Tejas
Published: July 2024

Pests pose a major danger to a variety of industries, including agriculture, public health, and ecosystems. Fast and precise pest detection, as well as the ability to predict infestations, are required for effective pest management tactics. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review on this subject to provide an overview of the state of research on pest detection and infestation prediction. The paper investigates and presents background information on the necessity of pest control as well as the difficulty in recognizing pests and forecasting. Several strategies, including approaches to data collection, modeling, and assessment of models, are reviewed in the research described. The authors examine various pest detection methods involving the utilization of convolutional neural networks and several object detection architectures categorized broadly into one‐stage and two‐stage object detection algorithms. Methods for predicting pest infestations that involve regression, classification, and time series forecasting are also thoroughly investigated. The challenges of recognizing pests and predicting infestations are underlined, as are issues with data quality, feature selection, and model interpretability. The report also indicates the limitations to pest detection and infestation prediction as well as intriguing topics for further research on the same. The findings of the literature research demonstrate how Artificial Intelligence, Computer Vision, and the Internet of Things have been applied for Pest Detection and Infestation Prediction. The research serves as a base for surveying and summarizing the approaches utilized for the task of pest detection (an object detection problem) and pest infestation prediction (a forecasting problem) and its findings and recommendations serve as a platform for future study and the development of effective pest management solutions.

This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Health Care

Technologies > Machine Learning

Technologies > Prediction
Manipulation of protein corona for nanomedicines
Authors: Li Tao , Wang Yupeng , Zhou Dongfang
Published: July 2024

Nanomedicines have significantly advanced the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for various diseases, while they still encounter numerous challenges. Upon entry into the human body, nanomedicines interact with biomolecules to form a layer of proteins, which is defined as the protein corona that influences the biological properties of nanomedicines. Traditional approaches have primarily focused on designing stealthy nanomedicines to evade biomolecule adsorption; however, due to the intricacies of the biological environment within body, this method cannot completely prevent biomolecule adsorption. As research on the protein corona progresses, manipulating the protein corona to modulate the in vivo behaviors of nanomedicines has become a research focus. In this review, modern strategies focused on influencing the biological efficacy of nanomedicines in vivo by manipulating protein corona, along with their wide‐ranging applications across diverse diseases are critically summarized, highlighted and discussed. Finally, future directions for this important yet challenging research area are also briefly discussed.

This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies

Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Fontan Circulation and Aortic Stiffness: Insights into Vascular Dynamics and Haemodynamic Interplay
Authors: Walser Matthias , Arnold Leonie , Mandilaras Guido , Funk Christoph , Dalla-Pozza Robert , Pattathu Joseph , Haas Nikolaus A. , Jakob André
Published: July 2024

Increased aortic stiffness predisposes cardiac afterload and influences cardiac function. Congenital heart diseases involving aortic arch malformation and extended cardiovascular surgery, i.e. univentricular heart diseases, can lead to increased aortic stiffness. This study aimed to investigate whether Fontan patients (FO) have increased aortic stiffness within distinct aortic segments, and whether these parameters relate to Fontan-specific haemodynamics. In a prospective case–control study, 20 FO and 49 heart-transplanted control subjects with biventricular circulation underwent invasive cardiac catheterisation. We invasively measured pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the ascending aorta and along the entire aorta. Haemodynamic parameters, including end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, the cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index were also assessed. FO exhibited significantly higher ascending aorta PWV (aPWV) than controls (FO: 7.2 ± 2.4 m/s|Controls: 4.9 ± 0.7 m/s, p < 0.001) and compared to the inner group central aorta PWV (cPWV; FO: 5.5 ± 1.2 m/s|Controls: 5.3 ± 1.0 m/s). Multivariate analysis confirmed this aPWV elevation in FO even after adjusting for age and BMI. aPWV and cPWV were almost identical within the control group. Correlation analyses revealed associations between cPWV and blood pressure in controls, while correlations were less apparent in FO. We detected no significant association between the aPWV and other haemodynamic parameters in any of our groups. FO exhibit increased aPWV, indicating specific vascular stiffness in the ascending aorta, while their overall aortic stiffness remains comparable to controls. Further research is needed to understand the implications of these findings on Fontan circulation and long-term cardiovascular health.

Central Message

Fontan patients show increased aortic arch pulse wave velocity, suggesting specific vascular stiffness.

Perspective Statement

Our study offers rare insights into pulse wave velocity in Fontan patients, highlighting increased arterial stiffness in the aortic arch. Vascular stiffness was particularly increased in the area of surgical reconstruction. This indicates the need for further research on vascular stiffness in Fontan circulation to understand its impact on cardiovascular health.

Clinical Trial Registration

German clinical trial registration, DRKS00015066.
Efficacy and safety of rechallenge [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT after initial partial remission in patients with mCRPC: evaluation of a prospective registry (REALITY study)
Authors: Rosar Florian , Schuler Joelle , Burgard Caroline , Blickle Arne , Bartholomä Mark , Maus Stephan , Petto Sven , Khreish Fadi , Schaefer Andrea , Ezziddin Samer
Published: July 2024

Aim

Rechallenge of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy (RLT) was proposed for patients who initially responded to PSMA-RLT experiencing partial remission, but relapsed into progression after a certain period of remission. However, only limited data is available regarding this approach. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy and safety profile of one or more series of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT rechallenge in patients from a prospective registry (REALITY Study, NCT 04833517) after they initially benefited from PSMA-RLT.

Methods

Forty-seven patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who had biochemical response to initial [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT followed by disease progression received at least one (up to three) series of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT rechallenge. Biochemical response rates based on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum value, PSA-based progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Adverse events of the treatment were assessed according to ‘common terminology criteria for adverse events’ (CTCAE).

Results

After one series of RLT rechallenge, a PSA decline of at least 50% was achieved in 27/47 patients (57.4%). The median PFS of all patients was 8.7 mo and the median OS was 22.7 mo, each calculated from the administration of the first rechallenge series. Patients who responded (PSA decline > 50%) to the rechallenge showed a median OS of 27.3 mo. Regarding PFS, a significant correlation (r = 0.4128, p = 0.0323) was found for these patients comparing initial and rechallenge RLT. Ten patients received a second and 3 patients received a third rechallenge series with 8/10 and 3/3 patients responding to repeated RLT rechallenge. No severe deterioration of adverse events rated by CTCAE criteria was observed.

Conclusion

[177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT rechallenge is associated with significant PSA response and encouraging survival outcome as well as a very favourable safety profile and should therefore be considered as a straight-forward treatment option in mCRPC patients, who previously benefited from PSMA-RLT.
A comprehensive review on genipin: an efficient natural cross-linker for biopolymers
Authors: Wahba Marwa I.
Published: July 2024

Cross-linkers are pivotal to meliorate the attributes of the biopolymers, which are exploited in the biomedical industries, and also those intended as packaging supplies. Genipin (GN) is an efficacious cross-linker. Moreover, being naturally procured, biodegradable and biocompatible makes it an auspicious candidate for the biomedical and food industries. Accordingly, we attempted to provide a comprehensive review on GN as an efficient cross-linker for biopolymers. Initially, we presented the chief botanical sources of GN. The GN extraction strategies, which adopted safe solvents, were then discussed while highlighting their realized yields. The proposed GN structures, its possible modes of action, and the factors affecting its interactions, such as pH, temperature, and GN concentration were also reviewed. Afterward, the GN applications that mainly involved cross-linking biopolymers and biopolymers containing materials were discussed. These included tissue engineering, wound dressings, drug delivery, and packaging applications. GN capability to activate biopolymers, such as chitosan and gelatin, into covalently reactive enzyme immobilizers was also discussed. Moreover, other important GN applications, such as exploiting it as a colorant for foods and textiles and incorporating it in altered biosensors, were discussed.
Implementing a no-drain policy for extraperitoneal colorectal anastomosis in a real-life setting: analysis of outcomes and surgeons’ adherence
Authors: Crippa Jacopo , Luberto Antonio , Magistro Carmelo , Carvello Michele , Carnevali Pietro , Maroli Annalisa , Ferrari Giovanni Carlo , Spinelli Antonino
Published: July 2024

Aim

Recent evidence has questioned the usefulness of anastomotic drain (AD) after low anterior resection (LAR). However, the implementation and adoption of a no-drain policy are still poor. This study aims to assess the clinical outcomes of the implementation of a no-drain policy for rectal cancer surgery into a real-life setting and the adherence of the surgeons to such policy.

Method

A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent elective minimally invasive LAR between January 2015 and December 2019 at two tertiary referral centers. In 2017, both centers implemented a policy aimed at reducing the use of AD. Patients were retrospectively categorized into two groups: the drain policy (DP) group, comprising patients treated before 2017, and the no-drain policy (NDP) group, consisting of patients treated from 2017 onwards. The endpoints were the rate of anastomotic leak (AL) and of related interventions.

Results

Among the 272 patients included, 188 (69.1%) were in the NDP group, and 84 (30.9%) were in the DP group. Baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups. AL rate was 11.2% in the NDP group compared to 10.7% in the DP group (p = 1.000), and the AL grade distribution (grade A, 19.1% (4/21) vs 28.6% (2/9); grade B, 28.6% (6/21) vs 11.1% (1/9); grade C, 52.4% (11/21) vs 66.7% (6/9), p = 0.759) did not significantly differ between the groups. All patients with symptomatic AL and AD underwent surgical treatment for the leak, while those with symptomatic AL in the NPD group were managed with surgery (66.7%), endoscopic (19.0%), or percutaneous (14.3%) interventions. Postoperative outcomes were similar between the groups. Three years after implementing the no-drain policy, AD was utilized in only 16.5% of cases, compared to 76.2% at the study’s outset.

Conclusion

The introduction of a no-drain policy received a good adoption rate and did not affect negatively the surgical outcomes.
The lateralization and distalization index is more reliable than angular radiographic measurements in reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Okutan Ahmet Emin , Surucu Serkan , Laprus Hubert , Raiss Patric
Published: July 2024

Background

The lateralization shoulder angle (LSA) and distalization shoulder angle (DSA) are used to reproducibly measure lateralization and distalization after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). However, LSA and DSA may not offer a precise measurement of humeral lateralization and distalization and this relationship has not been explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of these measurements and to propose new measurement methods to estimate implant lateralization and distalization.

Methods

3D models were constructed from computed tomography (CT) scans of 30 patients using a software platform. For each patient 24 different RSA modifications were created, resulting in 720 different RSA configurations. For each configuration LSA and DSA angles as well as lateralization and distalization distances were measured. Moreover, for each configuration two new measurements were done: the lateralization index (LI) and distalization index (DI). Correlations of the lateralization and distalization parameters were evaluated between measurements.

Results

Weak correlations were founded between LSA and lateralization (r = 0.36, p < 0.01), whereas moderate correlations were observed between LI and lateralization (r = 0.72, p < 0.01). No significant correlations were found between DSA and distalization (r = 0.17, p = 0.113). In contrast, moderate correlations were identified between DI and distalization (r = 0.69, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

LI and DI are more reliable methods to estimate implant lateralization and distalization compared to angular radiographic measurements. However, the prognostic significance in predicting clinical outcomes after RSA remains unknown.
Intra-operative hypertension as a predictor of surgical outcomes in microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Gupta Bhavika , Sabahi Mohammadmahdi , Santos Romel Corecha , Srinivash Ramesh Babu Yatin , Santiago Raphael Augusto Correa Bastianon , Dabecco Rocco , Phang-Lyn Simone , Adada Badih , Borghei-Razavi Hamid
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) has traditionally been characterized by a sudden decrease in heart rate, asystole, or hypotension during the manipulation of the trigeminal nerve (MTN) or its branches. While this classical TCR is well-documented, there is limited literature on alternative forms of TCR, such as the development of intraoperative hypertension (HTN) or tachycardia, and the underlying pathogenesis. Furthermore, a gap exists in understanding the correlation between intraoperative blood pressure readings and postoperative outcomes, particularly regarding pain relief in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Our study aims to examine intraoperative blood pressure trends during microvascular decompression (MVD) for TN and assess their impact on postoperative outcomes.

Methods

We selected 90 patients who underwent MVD for TN treatment. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded both preoperatively and during the procedure, specifically during the MTN period, using an arterial line. The Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Pain Scale was calculated for all patients both pre- and post-operatively to evaluate pain relief after surgery.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 61.0 ± 12.35 years, with 64.4% being females. Classical TCR (hypotension) was observed in only 2.2% of patients, whereas 80% of patients developed hypertension (≥ 140/90) during MTN. The mean preoperative systolic blood pressure was 128 ± 22.25, and the mean intraoperative systolic blood pressure during MTN was 153.1 ± 20.2. An analysis of covariance, utilizing either preoperative BNI or duration of symptoms as covariate variables, revealed a statistically significant association between intraoperative HTN and postoperative BNI. A linear regression model demonstrated that intraoperative HTN following MTN significantly predicted a lower postoperative BNI score (p = 0.006).

Conclusions

Intraoperative HTN during MTN, an observed yet underexplored phenomenon, demonstrated a correlation with improved postoperative outcomes. Furthermore, it is recommended to conduct additional investigations into potential neurovascular conflicts in patients not manifesting intraoperative HTN following MTN. A comprehensive understanding of TCR, encompassing its various forms, is vital for optimizing surgical management. This study underscores the imperative for further research to unravel the mechanisms linking intraoperative HTN to surgical outcomes in TN patients.
A case of truncus arteriosus with severe heart failure and pulmonary stenosis: bridge to transplant candidacy with surgical correction and a ventricular-assist device
Authors: Tanimoto Kazuki , Kido Takashi , Taira Masaki , Watanabe Takuji , Narita Jun , Ishida Hidekazu , Ishii Ryo , Ueno Takayoshi , Miyagawa Shigeru
Published: July 2024

Ventricular-assist device therapy for small patients with congenital heart disease is challenging due to its complex anatomy and hemodynamics. We describe a 3-year-old patient with heart failure with truncus arteriosus in the palliative stage. The patient underwent palliative right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction following bilateral pulmonary artery banding. At 6 months of age, the patient developed severe truncal valve regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction. Emergent truncal valve replacement with a mechanical valve was performed, but left ventricular dysfunction persisted. At 3 years of age, the patient developed acute progression of heart failure triggered by influenza infection. The patient was intubated and transferred to our center to determine the indication for heart transplantation. On the second day after admission, signs of multiorgan failure appeared. Emergent ventricular-assist device implantation for both ventricles was performed with truncal valve closure, ventricular septal defect closure, atrial septal defect closure, and re-right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. The right ventricular-assist device was successfully removed on the seventh postoperative day. Due to the small pulmonary arteries, severe pulmonary stenosis persisted after ventricular-assist device implantation, but it gradually improved with multiple pulmonary angioplasties. The patient was registered in the Japanese organ transplant network and is awaiting a donor organ in a stable condition.
A novel theory for rapid localization of the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction and “keyhole” in the retrosigmoid keyhole approach: micro-anatomical study, technique nuances, and clinical application
Authors: Jian Zhi-Heng , Sheng Min-Feng , Liao Chang-Chun , Weng Zhi-Jian , Li Jia-yan , Yi Xin-Feng , Chen Gang
Published: July 2024

To determine a rapid and accurate method for locating the keypoint and “keyhole” in the suboccipital retrosigmoid keyhole approach. (1) Twelve adult skull specimens were selected to locate the anatomical landmarks on the external surface of the skull.The line between the infraorbital margin and superior margin of the external acoustic meatus was named the baseline. A coordinate system was established using the baseline and its perpendicular line through the top point of diagastric groove.The perpendicular distance (x), and the horizontal distance (y) between the central point of the “keyhole” and the top point of the digastric groove in that coordinate system were measured. The method was applied to fresh cadaveric specimens and 53 clinical cases to evaluate its application value. (1) x and y were 14.20 ± 2.63 mm and 6.54 ± 1.83 mm, respectively (left) and 14.95 ± 2.53 mm and 6.65 ± 1.61 mm, respectively (right). There was no significant difference between the left and right sides of the skull (P > 0.05). (2) The operative area was satisfactorily exposed in the fresh cadaveric specimens, and no venous sinus injury was observed. (3) In clinical practice, drilling did not cause injury to venous sinuses, the mean diameter of the bone windows was 2.0–2.5 cm, the mean craniotomy time was 26.01 ± 3.46 min, and the transverse and sigmoid sinuses of 47 patients were well-exposed. We propose a “one point, two lines, and two distances” for “keyhole” localization theory, that is we use the baseline between the infraorbital margin and superior margin of the external acoustic meatus and the perpendicular line to the baseline through the top point of the digastric groove to establish a coordinate system. And the drilling point was 14.0 mm above and 6.5 mm behind the top point of the digastric groove in the coordinate system.
Trade-offs between stump-to-roadside lead time and harvesting cost, when using different number of operators in a harvester-forwarder system
Authors: Johansson Malin , Lundbäck Mikael , Lindroos Ola
Published: July 2024

For customer-oriented wood supply, buffering is required for flexibility to handle interactions in the wood procurement system. This includes balancing lead-time and operational cost by using stocks and production capacity as buffers. Despite the well-known challenge to balance the interactions between harvesting and forwarding in Nordic mechaniced CTL-operations, there has been limited research on how the machine groups can be staffed to enable flexibility and more focus on other measures to create flexibility. Therefore, this study explored trade-offs between wood lead-time and harvesting cost in the stump-to-roadside part of the wood supply chain by altering the numer of full-time working operators in the harvesting groups. This was done using discrete-event simulations implemented in Anylogic software. Input data included information about operational conditions in 1500 forest stands. The results revealed that the best balance was to have sufficient harvesting capacity to adjust wood lead times at the expense of increased harvesting costs. Of the tested options, the best balance was achieved when staffing a two-machine group with three operators, and thereby allocating 50% of the used work-shifts to regulating the field wood stock between the two machines. This resulted in the shortest lead times and the smallest harvesting cost increase. Compared to the option with no flexibility for stock adjustment (4 operators), the average lead-time could be reduced to one tenth at a cost increase of 3.4%. These findings have the potential to improve decisions of how harvesting groups are staffed to balance specific objectives of desired lead times and costs, which migh prove to be a valuable addition to the already used measures to manage wood flow.
Public health interventions to prevent children drowning: an updated systematic review
Authors: Crawford Gemma , D’Orazio Nicola , Gray Corie , Royce Brooklyn , Maher Tneale , Della Bona Malena , Leavy Justine E.
Published: July 2024

Aim

Injuries are a leading cause of death and disability for children and young people worldwide and a significant public health challenge. This updated review identifies and assesses public health interventions designed to prevent child drowning. It aimed to evaluate the global scope of literature and examine contributions made to the evidence since the last review was published.

Subject and methods

The review follows processes established in previous reviews and recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles were peer-reviewed, published in English between 2011 and 2023 and described and evaluated child drowning primary prevention interventions. Fifteen databases were searched, and articles were managed in Endnote and Rayyan.AI. The MetaQAT framework was applied to quality appraisal.

Results

We included a final sample of n = 43 studies. Most studies were from high-income countries and applied quantitative intervention designs. Just under half targeted children, most at the population level. Approximately one in three studies used behavioural theory to guide intervention development. Few studies reported formative research.

Conclusion

The past decade has seen a threefold increase in the number of papers describing public health interventions to prevent children drowning. Despite this increase, interventions remain primarily educational, focusing on behavioural strategies. A call for more comprehensive and systems-level interventions that tackle the upstream determinants of child drowning is timely.
Modeling and analysis of gradient metamaterials for broad fusion bandgaps
Authors: Cai Changqi , Zhu Chenjie , Zhang Fengyi , Sun Jiaojiao , Wang Kai , Yan Bo , Zhou Jiaxi
Published: July 2024

A gradient metamaterial with varying-stiffness local resonators is proposed to open the multiple bandgaps and further form a broad fusion bandgap. First, three local resonators with linearly increasing stiffness are periodically attached to the spring-mass chain to construct the gradient metamaterial. The dispersion relation is then derived based on Bloch’s theorem to reveal the fusion bandgap theoretically. The dynamic characteristic of the finite spring-mass chain is investigated to validate the fusion of multiple bandgaps. Finally, the effects of the design parameters on multiple bandgaps are discussed. The results show that the metamaterial with a non-uniform stiffness gradient pattern is capable of opening a broad fusion bandgap and effectively attenuating the longitudinal waves within a broad frequency region.
A low-frequency and broadband wave-insulating vibration isolator based on plate-shaped metastructures
Authors: Wei Wei , Guan Feng , Fang Xin
Published: July 2024

A metamaterial vibration isolator, termed as wave-insulating isolator, is proposed, which preserves enough load-bearing capability and offers ultra-low and broad bandgaps for greatly enhanced wave insulation. It consists of plate-shaped metacells, whose symmetric and antisymmetric local resonant modes offer several low and broad mode bandgaps although the complete bandgap remains high and narrow. The bandgap mechanisms, vibration isolation properties, effects of key parameters, and robustness to complex conditions are clarified. As experimentally demonstrated, the wave-insulating isolator can improve the vibration insulation in the ranges of [50 Hz, 180 Hz] and [260 Hz, 400 Hz] by 15 dB and 25 dB, respectively, in contrast to the conventional isolator with the same first resonant frequency.
On Klein tunneling of low-frequency elastic waves in hexagonal topological plates
Authors: Yao Yuxin , Ma Yuansheng , Hong Fang , Zhang Kai , Wang Tingting , Peng Haijun , Deng Zichen
Published: July 2024

Incident particles in the Klein tunnel phenomenon in quantum mechanics can pass a very high potential barrier. Introducing the concept of tunneling into the analysis of phononic crystals can broaden the application prospects. In this study, the structure of the unit cell is designed, and the low frequency (< 1 kHz) valley locked waveguide is realized through the creation of a phononic crystal plate with a topological phase transition interface. The defect immunity of the topological waveguide is verified, that is, the wave can propagate along the original path in the cases of impurities and disorder. Then, the tunneling phenomenon is introduced into the topological valley-locked waveguide to analyze the wave propagation, and its potential applications (such as signal separators and logic gates) are further explored by designing phononic crystal plates. This research has broad application prospects in information processing and vibration control, and potential applications in other directions are also worth exploring.
Visual Attention to Evolutionarily Relevant Information by Heterosexual Men and Women While Viewing Mock Online Dating Profiles
Authors: Gale Madeleine , Torbay Rosemary , Lykins Amy D.
Published: July 2024

The way people create social connections and access information has been altered greatly by technology in recent decades. Online browsing of visual profiles has become a common means for seeking potential partners for both short- and long-term relationships. Little is known, however, about how people prioritize mate quality information while viewing online profiles. Using eye-tracking methods and self-report, this study investigated how people evaluated profile-based facial attractiveness and text-based financial resources information, represented by income and occupation. Heterosexual male and female participants, aged between 18 and 27 years, viewed opposite-sex profiles while their eye-movements were recorded using a remote eye-tracking camera. In line with current theory, resources information had little effect on men’s overall attention to women’s faces, whereas women’s overall attention to men’s faces varied depending on the level of income and occupation. Women evaluated men’s faces more when income and occupation were low, regardless of attractiveness. Unexpectedly, however, men marginally increased their attention toward unattractive women who showed a high-level of income and more esteemed occupation. Men self-reported a higher interest in women for a short-term relationship and women self-reported a higher interest in men for a long-term relationship. This work provides a foundation to further examine how people browse profile-based information and to investigate the mate selection process, with real-world implications for online dating app users, profile design, and content.