bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Du conflit des codes à l’esthétique du centre. Automatismes, hypothèses et perspectives autour de la culture moyenne au Québec
Authors: Rannaud Adrien
Published: October 2022

Cet article revient sur le paradigme populaire/savant qui tend à structurer les études littéraires et culturelles au Québec. Il revisite les propositions de plusieurs chercheurs et chercheuses autour de l’hypothèse d’une culture moyenne, visible dans les dynamiques intra et extratextuelles. Les cas du magazine et du best-seller au XXesiècle sont abordés dans le but de complexifier notre regard sur la vie littéraire d’avant la « Révolution tranquille ». En fin de parcours, l’auteur suggère deux hypothèses prolongeant les réflexions de Nicola Humble sur « l’histoire sociale des textes ».
L’hypothèse qui reste à vérifier. Le roman sans aventure d’Isabelle Daunais
Authors: Lefort-Favreau Julien
Published: October 2022

Le roman sans aventure d’Isabelle Daunais soumet l’hypothèse que le roman québécois ne parvient pas à intégrer le canon supranational car il serait essentiellement un roman de l’idylle plutôt qu’un roman de l’aventure. C’est ce qui expliquerait son absence dans le « grand contexte », expression empruntée à Milan Kundera. Cet article vise à démontrer que malgré une argumentation solide et des analyses convaincantes, l’essai de Daunais ne parvient pas à transformer son intuition en hypothèse valide en raison d’une méthodologie inadaptée aux types de questions explorées.
Control and Insecurity in Australian and Canadian Universities during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Peetz David , O’Brady Sean , Weststar Johanna , Coles Amanda , Baird Marian , Cooper Rae , Charlesworth Sara , Pyman Amanda , Ressia Susan , Strachan Glenda , Troup Carolyn
Published: October 2022

This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing university management control strategies have influenced higher education workers’ job security, stress and happiness. The primary quantitative and qualitative data are drawn from a survey of fourteen universities across Australia and Canada, supplemented by secondary research. The analysis examines institutional and worker responses to the pandemic, and resulting conflict over financial control at the macro (sector), meso (university) and micro (individual) levels.

At the macro level, university responses were shaped by public policy decisions at both national and subnational layers of the state, and the higher education sector in both countries had a distinctly neoliberal form. However, Australian universities were exposed to greater financial pressure to cut job positions, and Australian university management might have been more inclined to do so than Canadian universities overall.

Different institutional support for unionism at the macro level influenced how university staff were affected at the meso and micro levels. Restructuring at the universities across both countries negatively impacted job security and career prospects, in turn leading to reduced job satisfaction and increased stress. Although working from home was novel and liberating for many professional staff, it was a negative experience for many academic staff.

Our analysis demonstrates that the experiences of university staff were influenced by more than the work arrangements implemented by universities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The approaches of universities to job protection, restructuring and engagement with staff through unions appeared to influence staff satisfaction, stress and happiness.

Our findings extend the literature that documents how university staff routinely challenge neoliberalization processes in a variety of individual and collective actions, particularly in times of crisis. We argue that theorization of struggles over control of labour should be extended to account for struggles over control of finance.

Abstract

We studied 14 universities across Canada and Australia to examine how the COVID-19 crisis, mediated through management strategies and conflict over financial control in higher education, influenced workers’ job security and affective outcomes like stress and happiness. The countries differed in their institutional frameworks, their union density, their embeddedness in neoliberalism and their negotiation patterns. Management strategies also differed between universities. Employee outcomes were influenced by differences in union involvement. Labour cost reductions negotiated with unions could improve financial outcomes, but, even in a crisis, management might not be willing to forego absolute control over finance, and it was not the depth of the crisis that shaped management decisions.
Le downsizing en temps de COVID-19 : la difficile conciliation entre le social et l’économique. Le cas des survivants d’un établissement hôtelier en Tunisie
Authors: Dahmani Amira , Gasmi Zeineb
Published: October 2022

L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment une entreprise peut mettre en place une stratégie dedownsizingsocialement responsable en temps de COVID-19. La visée de cette étude est de proposer une analyse fine des formes dudownsizingen mettant l’accent sur son caractère distinctif dans les pays du Sud. Les résultats de l’étude qualitative, de nature exploratoire, menée au sein d’un établissement hôtelier en Tunisie mettent en exergue une série de mesures socialement responsables. Parmi ces pratiques à forte valeur ajoutée, figurent notamment la responsabilisation, la participation, l’accompagnement de proximité, la communication, la formation professionnelle, l’implication du syndicat et le respect de la législation sociale. Les conclusions soulignent que la mise en oeuvre d’un ensemble de préalables et de dispositifs avant, au cours et après ledownsizingpermet de limiter ses dégâts psychologiques et ses effets pervers. Aussi, elles révèlent que le déploiement de pratiques managériales bienveillantes, équitables et respectueuses de la dignité humaine, ainsi que l’adoption d’un agir éthique rendent ledownsizingsocialement toléré. Il est clair qu’il n’y a pas un modèle typique ou un « one best way » en matière dedownsizing. Le recours à une approche ancrée dans les particularismes locaux est plus pertinent qu’un raisonnement en termes de meilleures pratiques universellement applicables.

Ledownsizingsocialement responsable permet de concilier la rationalité psychosociale et la rationalité économique. Toutefois, il exige des concessions, des compromis parfois difficiles et s’appuie sur des équilibres précaires et des arrangements négociés. L’étude souligne qu’il est difficile d’enrayer les conséquences négatives dudownsizingsur le plan humain, mais qu’il est nécessaire d’agir adéquatement et justement en faisant preuve de bienveillance et de responsabilité organisationnelle.

Précis

L’objectif de cette recherche est de comprendre comment l’entreprise peut mettre en place une stratégie dedownsizingsocialement responsable en temps de COVID-19. Les résultats de l’étude qualitative, de nature exploratoire, menée au sein d’un établissement hôtelier en Tunisie révèlent une série de pratiques socialement responsables qui confère un caractère distinctif à la stratégie dedownsizingdéployée. Les conclusions soulignent que la mise en oeuvre d’un ensemble de mesures avant, au cours et après ledownsizingpermet de limiter ses dégâts psychologiques et ses effets pervers. Aussi, elles révèlent que la mobilisation de pratiques managériales bienveillantes, équitables et respectueuses de la dignité humaine, ainsi que l’adoption d’un agir éthique et juste rendent ledownsizingsocialement toléré.
« J’ai appris que c’était plus dur que je pensais de venir dans un autre pays et d’apprendre une nouvelle langue » : rencontres entre élèves du secteur régulier et élèves de classe d’accueil dans une école secondaire de Montréal
Authors: Amireault Valérie , Lampron-de Souza Sophie
Published: October 2022

Cet article présente les résultats d’un projet de recherche lors duquel ont été organisées des rencontres entre des élèves d’une classe du secteur régulier et ceux d’une classe d’accueil d’une école secondaire montréalaise. À la suite de ces rencontres, nous avons mené des entretiens de groupe avec les élèves des deux classes. Nous présentons ici les données recueillies auprès des élèves du secteur régulier concernant leurs interactions avec les élèves de la classe d’accueil et leurs perceptions par rapport à ces élèves et à leur intégration. Les résultats mettent de l’avant les satisfactions et les défis de ces interactions, ainsi que l’apport des rencontres sur la sensibilisation à la réalité des élèves de la classe d’accueil. En contexte de diversité, cette étude révèle l’importance de rapprocher les élèves des secteurs de l’accueil et du régulier.
De la coopération à la mutualisation : naissance d’un partenariat au sein du réseau des bibliothèques universitaires du Québec
Authors: Dumont Richard , Ghaouti Loubna , Séguin Benoit
Published: October 2022

Il y a 55 ans, les bibliothèques universitaires du Québec jetaient les bases d’une coopération qui n’a fait que s’accroître au fil du temps avec la réalisation de diverses initiatives. En 2014, elles ont fait le pari de s’engager dans un projet de mutualisation dont l’objectif serait la mise en place d’une plateforme partagée de services. Dès l’étape de la planification du projet, cette idée de départ s’est rapidement transformée en un défi encore plus ambitieux : créer un écosystème informationnel commun à l’ensemble des universités québécoises.

Cet article relate le cheminement de ce projet et du nouveau partenariat que les bibliothèques universitaires du Québec ont instauré.
La longue route vers la reconnaissance : le rôle des conservateurs (1920-1980)1
Authors: David François , Laverdure Hélène
Published: October 2022

Le chemin menant à une reconnaissance du rôle des Archives nationales (AN) du Québec au sein de l’administration publique a été long et semé d’embûches. La question des archives gouvernementales est depuis la création des AN en 1920 un sujet sensible et une préoccupation constante pour les conservateurs qui se succèdent à la tête des AN. Les auteurs démontreront que le pragmatisme et la persévérance de nos prédécesseurs, voire leur opportunisme (dans le sens noble du terme), ainsi que leur regard lucide sur la société ont permis aux AN de s’adapter aux événements marquants de notre histoire et à l’évolution des mentalités qui ont influencé non seulement les AN et la profession archivistique, mais aussi l’ensemble de la société québécoise. Ils mettront en lumière les divergences d’opinion qui ont eu cours dans le passé sur la place que doivent occuper les AN au sein de l’administration publique et sur les questions relevant de la gouvernance des documents administratifs produits par l’État. Il faudra attendre la promulgation de la Loi sur les archives en 1983 pour assurer la pérennité des AN et démontrer leur pertinence pour l’appareil gouvernemental et l’ensemble de la population québécoise. Ce n’est qu’à partir de cette reconnaissance légale que les AN bénéficient de la légitimité pour se positionner clairement comme service d’archives de l’État et paver la voie à l’instauration d’une véritable politique de gestion des archives gouvernementales.
La référence et l’aide aux usagers aux Archives nationales du Québec : regard sur un service en constante évolution
Authors: Brisson Estelle , Morel Sophie , Roy Julie
Published: October 2022

Dans cet article, les auteures présentent les moyens et les mesures mis en place par les Archives nationales du Québec (AN) pour répondre aux besoins en constante évolution des usagers fréquentant ses salles de consultation ou consultant les fonds et les collections via le portail de Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ). Pour les fins de leur démonstration, les auteures distinguent trois grandes périodes qui ont été marquantes dans l’évolution des rapports des usagers avec le personnel de référence des AN :

Les auteures souligneront que, malgré l’apport incontestable des nouvelles technologies favorisant un accès plus rapide et efficace au contenu des fonds et collections d’archives, l’expertise et les compétences du personnel des Archives nationales demeurent des éléments de grande valeur pour les usagers. En effet, si la technologie procure des outils de recherche et de travail d’une grande efficacité, elle ne peut expliquer le contexte de création des documents, essentiel à la compréhension de leur contenu, ni remplacer tout le savoir cumulé d’un archiviste ou l’expérience terrain d’un technicien. Ce constat est plus que jamais d’actualité alors que la société et le milieu de l’information et de la documentation voient poindre à l’horizon un nouvel environnement informationnel qui devrait engendrer, selon certains auteurs, un nouveau rapport au savoir, une transformation profonde de la notion même de culture, voire une nouvelle cyberculture.
Phorbolester-activated Munc13-1 and ubMunc13-2 exert opposing effects on dense-core vesicle secretion
Authors: Houy Sébastien , Martins Joana S , Lipstein Noa , Sørensen Jakob Balslev
Published: October 2022

Munc13 proteins are priming factors for SNARE-dependent exocytosis, which are activated by diacylglycerol (DAG)-binding to their C1-domain. Several Munc13 paralogs exist, but their differential roles are not well understood. We studied the interdependence of phorbolesters (DAG mimics) with Munc13-1 and ubMunc13-2 in mouse adrenal chromaffin cells. Although expression of either Munc13-1 or ubMunc13-2 stimulated secretion, phorbolester was only stimulatory for secretion when ubMunc13-2 expression dominated, but inhibitory when Munc13-1 dominated. Accordingly, phorbolester stimulated secretion in wildtype cells, or cells overexpressing ubMunc13-2, but inhibited secretion in Munc13-2/Unc13b knockout (KO) cells or in cells overexpressing Munc13-1. Phorbolester was more stimulatory in the Munc13-1/Unc13a KO than in WT littermates, showing that endogenous Munc13-1 limits the effects of phorbolester. Imaging showed that ubMunc13-2 traffics to the plasma membrane with a time-course matching Ca2+-dependent secretion, and trafficking is independent of Synaptotagmin-7 (Syt7). However, in the absence of Syt7, phorbolester became inhibitory for both Munc13-1 and ubMunc13-2-driven secretion, indicating that stimulatory phorbolester x Munc13-2 interaction depends on functional pairing with Syt7. Overall, DAG/phorbolester, ubMunc13-2 and Syt7 form a stimulatory triad for dense-core vesicle priming.
Interactions between two functionally distinct aquatic invertebrate herbivores complicate ecosystem- and population-level resilience
Authors: Werba Jo A. , Phong Alexander C. , Brar Lakhdeep , Frempong-Manso Acacia , Oware Ofure Vanessa , Kolasa Jurek
Published: October 2022

Resilience, the capacity for a system to bounce-back after a perturbation, is critical for conservation and restoration efforts. Different functional traits have differential effects on system-level resilience. We test this experimentally in a lab system consisting of algae consumed by zooplankton, snails, or both, using an eutrophication event as a perturbation. We examined seston settlement load, chlorophyll-a and ammonium concentration as gauges of resilience. We find that Daphnia magna increased our measures of resilience. But this effect is not consistent across ecosystem measures; in fact, D. magna increased the difference between disturbed and undisturbed treatments in seston settlement loads. We have some evidence of shifting reproductive strategy in response to perturbation in D. magna and in the presence of Physa sp. These shifts correspond with altered population levels in D. magna, suggesting feedback loops between the herbivore species. While these results suggest only an ambiguous connection between functional traits to ecosystem resilience, they point to the difficulties in establishing such a link: indirect effects of one species on reproduction of another and different scales of response among components of the system, are just two examples that may compromise the power of simple predictions.
Effect of humic acid derived from leonardite on the redistribution of uranium fractions in soil
Authors: Meng Fande , Huang Qiuxiang , Cai Yongbing , Yuan Guodong , Xiao Liang , Han Fengxiang X.
Published: October 2022

Humic acids (HAs) are complex organic substances with abundant functional groups (e.g., carboxyl, phenolic-OH, etc.). They are commonly distributed in the soil environment and exert a double-edged sword effect in controlling the migration and transformation of uranium. However, the effects of HAs on dynamic processes associated with uranium transformation are still unclear. In this study, we used HAs derived from leonardite (L-HA) and commercial HA (C-HA) as exogenous organic matter and C-HA as the reference. UO2, UO3, and UO2(NO3)2 were used as the sources of U to explore the fractionations of uranium in the soil. We also studied the behavior of the HA. The incubation experiments were designed to investigate the effects of HA on the soil pH, uranium fraction transformation, dynamic behavior of exchangeable, weak acid, and labile uranium. The observations were made for one month. The results showed that soil pH decreased for L-HA but increased for C-HA. Under these conditions, uranium tended to transform into an inactive fraction. The dynamic behavior of exchangeable, weak acid, and labile uranium varied with the sources of HA and uranium. This study highlighted that HA could affect soil pH and the dynamic redistribution of U fractions. The results suggest that the sources of HA and U should be considered when using HA as the remediation material for uranium-contaminated soils.
Prevalence of G6PD deficiency and G6PD variants amongst the southern Thai population
Authors: Nuinoon Manit , Krithong Rungnapha , Pramtong Suputcha , Sasuk Piyawit , Ngeaiad Chompunuch , Chaimusik Sathanan , Kanboonma Jiraporn , Sarakul Orawan
Published: October 2022

Background

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme essential for NADPH production and protecting cells, especially red blood cells, from free radicals. The oxidative stress from drugs, chemicals, and infections can induce red blood cell hemolysis in G6PD deficiency patients, causing a genetic disorder.

Objectives

This study aims to provide more information on G6PD deficiency prevalence and the G6PD variants in the southern Thai population.

Methods

Five hundred and twenty healthy subjects in 14 provinces in the southern part of Thailand participated in the study. EDTA-blood samples were collected for a hematological parameters study, G6PD deficiency screening, and a molecular study for G6PD mutation. G6PD deficiency screening was tested using a fluorescent spot test. The types of G6PD mutation were identified by the allele-specific PCR method.

Results

The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in southern Thailand was 6.1% (14/228) in males and 9.6% (28/292) in females. Two homozygous and 26 heterozygous G6PD deficiencies were found in females. G6PD Viangchan (871G>A) was the most common variant with 43%, followed by G6PD Mahidol (487G>A), 24% with an allele frequency of 0.025 and 0.012, respectively. Uncharacterized mutations existed in three samples. The study volunteers had anemia in 36.6% (107/292) females and 7.5% (17/228) males. Among G6PD deficiency subjects, only ten partial G6PD deficiency females had mild anemia.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in southern Thailand aligns with that of other parts of Thailand. Newborn screening for G6PD deficiency is recommended for personal information and medical reference to prevent acute hemolysis from oxidative stressors.
A Longitudinal Study Evaluating Indications, Section Efficacy and Complications of Bronchial Artery Embolisation
Authors: Nilpatrewar Ganesh , Ramraje Nagsen , Pujari Vishwanath , Mohan Sanchit , Meshram Priti
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Embolisation is defined as the therapeutic introduction of Gelfoam or Poly-Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) particles into the circulation to occlude vessels. Selective embolisation of the bronchial arteries feeding the affected areas could be more effective than surgical intervention which is more hazardous leading to prolong Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, air leaks, stump infection. Aim: To study various indications, success rate, complications, and recurrence after Bronchial Artery Embolisation (BAE). Materials and Methods: The present longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Interventional Radiology in Grant Medical College and JJ hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India from December 2016 to December 2017. The study was done on 50 patients admitted in view of moderate to massive haemoptysis. Common indications requiring BAE, success rate with gelfoam or PVA particles, and common complications of the procedure were studied. Mean age of presentation with haemoptysis, co-morbidities associated with the disease were also studied. The patients were followed-up for six months. Repeat BAE was done in patients with PVA particles before referring for surgical intervention in cases with recurrent haemoptysis. Results: The mean age of patients requiring BAE was 37.98 years, with male predominance. Most common indication was pulmonary tuberculosis followed by post-tuberculosis sequelae. The overall success rate of the procedure was 88% at six months follow-up.BAE done with PVA (10/10) particle showed a better outcome as compared to gelfoam (34/40). The most common complication related to the procedure was puncture site pain. Three patients out of six with recurrent haemoptysis required repeat BAE within three months, out of which only one required surgery. Conclusion: The most common indication for BAE in this study was pulmonary tuberculosis. There were no major complications, even with repeat BAE. Hence, BAE should be the procedure of choice for moderate to massive haemoptysis despite of previous history of BAE, before considering for surgical intervention. BAE with PVA is associated with better success rate.
Overweight in Brazil: evolution and interface with health policies / Excesso de peso no Brasil: evolução e interface com as políticas de saúde
Authors: Carvalho Sandra Rodrigues Salles de , Silva Valmin Ramos da
Published: October 2022

Objetivo: descrever a evolução da prevalência do excesso de peso em adultos e as políticas para o seu enfrentamento no Brasil. Método: estudo ecológico, transversal, descritivo, analítico e epidemiológico observacional de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando a base de dados do Sistema de fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis por inquérito telefônico, nos anos 2006, 2009, 2012, 2015 e 2018. Resultados: no período pesquisado, houve um aumento constante na prevalência de excesso de peso em todos os grupos. Conclusão: a obesidade é crescente em todas as regiões do país, em ambos os sexos, com tendência para afetar mais o sexo feminino. Apesar de o governo brasileiro apresentar políticas públicas nessa perspectiva de enfrentamento da epidemia de obesidade, ela ainda é uma realidade que evolui ao longo do tempo.
Financial Incentives to Facilities and Clinicians Treating Patients With End-stage Kidney Disease and Use of Home Dialysis
Authors: Ji Yunan , Einav Liran , Mahoney Neale , Finkelstein Amy
Published: October 2022

Importance

Home dialysis rates for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) treatment are substantially lower in the US than in other high-income countries, yet there is limited knowledge on how to increase these rates.

Objective

To report results from the first year of a nationwide randomized clinical trial that provides financial incentives to ESKD facilities and managing clinicians to increase home dialysis rates.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Results were analyzed from the first year of the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choice (ETC) model, a multiyear, mandatory-participation randomized clinical trial designed and implemented by the US Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation. Data were reported on Medicare patients with ESKD 66 years or older who initiated treatment with dialysis in 2021, with data collection through December 31, 2021; the study included all eligible ESKD facilities and managing clinicians. Eligible hospital referral regions (HRRs) were randomly assigned to the ETC (91 HRRs) or a control group (211 HRRs).

Interventions

The ESKD facilities and managing clinicians received financial incentives for home dialysis use.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the percentage of patients with ESKD who received any home dialysis during the first 90 days of treatment. Secondary outcomes included other measures of home dialysis and patient volume and characteristics.

Results

Among the 302 HRRs eligible for randomization, 18 621 eligible patients initiated dialysis treatment during the study period (mean [SD] age, 74.8 [1.05] years; 7856 women [42.1%]; 10 765 men [57.9%]; 859 Asian [5.2%], 3280 [17.7%] Black, 730 [4.3%] Hispanic, 239 North American Native, and 12 394 managing clinicians. The mean (SD) share of patients with any home dialysis during the first 90 days was 20.6% (7.8%) in the control group and was 0.12 percentage points higher (95% CI, −1.42 to 1.65 percentage points; P = .88) in the ETC group, a statistically nonsignificant difference. None of the secondary outcomes differed significantly between groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

The trial results found that in the first year of the US Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation–designed ETC model, HRRs assigned to the model did not have statistically significantly different rates in home dialysis compared with control HRRs. This raises questions about the efficacy of the financial incentives provided, although further evaluation is needed, as the size of these incentives will increase in subsequent years.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05005572
Prevalence of Local Postoperative Complications and Breast Implant Illness in Women With Breast Implants
Authors: Lieffering Annemiek S. , Hommes Juliëtte E. , Ramerman Lotte , Rakhorst Hinne A. , Mureau Marc A. M. , Verheij Robert A. , van der Hulst René R. W. J.
Published: October 2022

Importance

It is unknown how often breast implant illness (BII) is the indication for revision in women with silicone breast implants.

Objective

To examine how often women with silicone breast implants have their implants explanted or replaced because of BII compared with local postoperative complications.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A legacy cohort study on breast implant revision surgery was conducted between April 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, and a prospective cohort study on breast implantation and revision surgery was conducted between April 1, 2015, and December 31, 2019 (with follow-up until December 31, 2020). Data were obtained from the Dutch Breast Implant Registry. Data analysis was performed from September 2021 to August 2022.

Exposures

Silicone breast implant.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Breast implant revision with the indication BII or local postoperative complications.

Results

All 12 882 cosmetic breast implants (6667 women; mean [SD] age, 50.6 [12.7] years) and 2945 reconstructive breast implants (2139 women, mean [SD] age, 57.9 [11.3] years) in the legacy cohort and all 47 564 cosmetic breast implants (24 120 women, mean [SD] age, 32.3 [9.7] years) and 5928 reconstructive breast implants (4688 women, mean [SD] age, 50.9 [11.5] years) in the prospective cohort were included for analysis. In the prospective cohort, 739 cosmetic breast implants (1.6%) were revised after a median (IQR) time to reoperation of 1.8 (0.9-3.1) years, and 697 reconstructive breast implants (11.8%) were revised after a median (IQR) time to reoperation of 1.1 (0.5-1.9) years. BII was registered as the reason for revision in 35 cosmetic revisions (4.7%) and 5 reconstructive revisions (0.7%) in the prospective cohort, corresponding to 0.1% of the inserted implants. In the legacy cohort, 536 cosmetic revisions (4.2%) and 80 reconstructive breast implant revisions (2.7%) were performed because of BII.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of women with silicone breast implants, BII was an uncommon indication for revision compared with local complications, both in the short and long term. In contrast to the increasing public interest in BII, these results showed that local complications are a far more common reason for breast implant revision.
Genetics of COVID‐19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Tziastoudi Maria , Cholevas Christos , Stefanidis Ioannis , Theoharides Theoharis C.
Published: October 2022

COVID‐19 and ME/CFS present with some similar symptoms, especially physical and mental fatigue. In order to understand the basis of these similarities and the possibility of underlying common genetic components, we performed a systematic review of all published genetic association and cohort studies regarding COVID‐19 and ME/CFS and extracted the genes along with the genetic variants investigated. We then performed gene ontology and pathway analysis of those genes that gave significant results in the individual studies to yield functional annotations of the studied genes using protein analysis through evolutionary relationships (PANTHER) VERSION 17.0 software. Finally, we identified the common genetic components of these two conditions. Seventy‐one studies for COVID‐19 and 26 studies for ME/CFS were included in the systematic review in which the expression of 97 genes for COVID‐19 and 429 genes for ME/CFS were significantly affected. We found that ACE, HLA‐A, HLA‐C, HLA‐DQA1, HLA‐DRB1, and TYK2 are the common genes that gave significant results. The findings of the pathway analysis highlight the contribution of inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways, and the T cell activation and Toll receptor signaling pathways. Protein class analysis revealed the contribution of defense/immunity proteins, as well as protein‐modifying enzymes. Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of both syndromes could involve some immune dysfunction.
The effect of emotional prosody on content learning in Swedish school children
Authors: Dylman Alexandra S. , Champoux‐Larsson Marie‐France
Published: October 2022

Learning new information constitutes a fundamental part of children's school years. Reently, studies have found beneficial effects of emotion on learning and memory. Here, we specifically examined the effect of positive emotional prosody on content learning in two groups of Swedish school children (ages 8–10 and 11–13 years). The participants listened to auditory information spoken in a positive or neutral tone of voice and were asked content‐based questions about the information. For the younger children, no difference was found between the number of correct answers to the questions for the positive compared to the neutral tone of voice. The older children, however, had significantly more correct answers in the positive compared to the neutral condition, suggesting that positive emotional prosody can have beneficial effects on content learning, at least in older children. These results may have implications for educational psychology, and the development of Information and Communication Technology.
Association Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Number of Rheumatology Providers
Authors: Mbonu Ikechukwu , Tai Shannon , Bartels Christie M. , Putman Michael
Published: October 2022

Objective

Geographic disparities in the distribution and practice patterns of rheumatology providers may negatively impact patients with rheumatic diseases. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of rheumatologists with respect to the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and to identify differences in practice patterns among Medicare Part D rheumatologist prescribers.

Methods

We identified 5,882 rheumatologists who served a mean ± SD of 280 ± 208 Medicare Part D beneficiaries per year. In a Poisson regression model of the number of rheumatologists and the ADI of their practice location, for every increase of 10 on the ADI scale (range 0–100; higher = higher deprivation), there were 20.3% fewer rheumatologists (P < 0.001), resulting in 2.1 times as many rheumatologists per 100,000 people in the first ADI quintile when compared to the fifth ADI quintile.

Results

The number of rheumatologists peaked in 2016 and decreased steadily thereafter across all quintiles. The prescribing rate per 100 beneficiaries was significantly different between quintiles across all studied drug classes except for opioids, but the trends were inconsistent and of unclear clinical significance.

Conclusion

Rheumatologists tended to practice in areas with less deprivation, resulting in twice as many rheumatologists per 100,000 people in the quintile of lowest deprivation as opposed to the quintile with the highest deprivation. Public policy makers should be aware of these data and take steps to mitigate disparities in access to care as the rheumatology workforce shrinks.
Tensile Deformation Behavior and Dynamic Recrystallization of TA15 Alloy over a Wide Temperature Range
Authors: Shao Bin , Su Heng , Tang Wei , Wan Shengxiang , Wang Wenke , Liu Jiabin , Wang Jiwei , Zong Yingying , Shan Debin
Published: October 2022

TA15 is a near‐α titanium alloy that is used extensively in the manufacturing of high‐temperature structural components and has important applications in the aerospace field. Herein, the tensile deformation behavior of a TA15 alloy with equiaxed α grains is investigated over a wide temperature range of 25–900 °C. Based on the microstructural observations and tensile testing results, the deformation behavior of the TA15 alloy is classified into four stages: 1) deformation strengthening stage at 25–550 °C; 2) α‐phase softening stage at 600–650 °C; 3) phase transition softening stage at 700–800 °C; and 4) dynamic recrystallization stage at 850–900 °C. The α→β phase transition occurs predominantly between equiaxed α grains, and the increase in β‐phase content results in further enhancement of alloy plasticity. Dynamic recrystallization occurs first at the edge of the equiaxed α grains and gradually extends into the grain interior. The size of the dimples on the fracture surface increases gradually as the temperature increases, and a large shearing and splitting area is observed at 600 °C due to α‐phase softening.
Increasing the Efficiency of Thermoresponsive Actuation at the Microscale by Direct Laser Writing of pNIPAM
Authors: Spratte Tobias , Geiger Sophie , Colombo Federico , Mishra Ankit , Taale Mohammadreza , Hsu Li‐Yun , Blasco Eva , Selhuber‐Unkel Christine
Published: October 2022

Thermoresponsive hydrogels such as poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) are highly interesting materials for generating soft actuator systems. Whereas the material has so far mostly been used in macroscopic systems, here it is demonstrated that pNIPAM is an excellent material for generating actuator systems at the micrometer scale. Two‐photon direct laser writing is used to precisely structure thermoresponsive pNIPAM hydrogels at the micrometer scale based on a photosensitive resist. This study systematically shows that the surface‐to‐volume ratio of the microactuators is decisive to their actuation efficiency. The phase transition of the pNIPAM is also demonstrated by nanoindentation experiments. It is observed that the mechanical properties of the material can easily be adjusted by the writing process. Finally, it is found that not only the total size and surface structure of the microactuator play an important role, but also the crosslinking of the polymer itself. The results demonstrate for the first time a systematic study of pNIPAM‐based microactuators, which can easily be extended to systems of microactuators that act cooperatively, e.g., in microvalves.
Transparent Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Mardegan Lorenzo , Paliwal Abhyuday , Zanoni Kassio P. S. , Tordera Daniel , Bolink Henk J.
Published: October 2022

Single layer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are amongst the simplest electroluminescent devices and operate with air‐stable electrodes. Transparent light‐emitting devices are of great interest as they can enable new applications in consumer electronics. In this work, a transparent ionic transition metal complex based LEC is fabricated by developing a transparent top contact based on tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) and indium‐tin oxide, processed by low‐temperature atomic layer deposition and pulsed laser deposition, respectively. The resulting devices present transparency in excess of 75% over the full visible spectrum (380–750 nm), with 82% transmission at the emission peak (563 nm). The devices emit from the front and the rear with high luminance (260 cd m−2) and long lifetime (176 h). These parameters place them among the highest performing single layer transparent electroluminescent devices.
Hydrogenated Germanene Nanosheets as an Antioxidative Defense Agent for Acute Kidney Injury Treatment
Authors: Chen Zhixin , Qi Fenggang , Qiu Wujie , Wu Chenyao , Zong Ming , Ge Min , Xu Deliang , You Yanling , Zhu Ya‐Xuan , Zhang Zhimin , Lin Han , Shi Jianlin
Published: October 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden kidney dysfunction caused by aberrant reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism that results in high clinical mortality. The rapid development of ROS scavengers provides new opportunities for AKI treatment. Herein, the use of hydrogen‐terminated germanene (H‐germanene) nanosheets is reported as an antioxidative defense nanoplatform against AKI in mice. The simulation results show that 2D H‐germanene can effectively scavenge ROS through free radical adsorption and subsequent redox reactions. In particular, the H‐germanene exhibits high accumulation in injured kidneys, thereby offering a favorable opportunity for treating renal diseases. In the glycerol‐induced murine AKI model, H‐germanene delivers robust antioxidative protection against ROS attack to maintain normal kidney function indicators without negative influence in vivo. This positive in vivo antioxidative defense in living animals demonstrates that the present H‐germanene nanoplatform is a powerful antioxidant against AKI and various anti‐inflammatory diseases.
Revealing An Intercalation‐Conversion‐Heterogeneity Hybrid Lithium‐Ion Storage Mechanism in Transition Metal Nitrides Electrodes with Jointly Fast Charging Capability and High Energy Output
Authors: Li Fei , Li Yadong , Zhao Linyi , Liu Jie , Zuo Fengkai , Gu Fangchao , Liu Hengjun , Liu Renbin , Li Yuhao , Zhan Jiqiang , Li Qiang , Li Hongsen
Published: October 2022

The performance of electrode materials depends intensively on the lithium (Li)‐ion storage mechanisms correlating ultimately with the Coulombic efficiency, reversible capacity, and morphology variation of electrode material upon cycling. Transition metal nitrides anode materials have exhibited high‐energy density and superior rate capability; however, the intrinsic mechanism is largely unexplored and still unclear. Here, a typical 3D porous Fe2N micro‐coral anode is prepared and, an intercalation–conversion–heterogeneity hybrid Li‐ion storage mechanism that is beyond the conventional intercalation or conversion reaction is revealed through various characterization techniques and thermodynamic analysis. Interestingly, using advanced in situ magnetometry, the ratio (ca. 24.4%) of the part where conversion reaction occurs to the entire Fe2N can further be quantified. By rationally constructing a Li‐ion capacitor comprising 3D porous Fe2N micro‐corals anode and commercial AC cathode, the hybrid full device delivers a high energy‐density (157 Wh kg−1) and high power‐density (20 000 W kg−1), as well as outstanding cycling stability (93.5% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles). This research provides an original and insightful method to confirm the reaction mechanism of material related to transition metals and a fundamental basis for emerging fast charging electrode materials to be efficiently explored for a next‐generation battery.
Janus Charged Droplet Manipulation Mediated by Invisible Charge Walls
Authors: Sun Qiangqiang , Hu Xuanming , Xu Boran , Lin Shiji , Deng Xu , Zhou Shaobing
Published: October 2022

The ability to control the mobility and function of droplets is fundamental to developing open surface microfluidics. Despite notable progress in the manipulation of droplets, the existing strategies are still limited in functionalizing droplets. Herein, the coupling of droplet motion and functionalization elicited by an invisible charge wall is reported. The charged superamphiphobic surface is overlapped with a conductor to induce free charge, creating the invisible charge wall at the overlapping boundary. The charge wall can trap droplets and polarize them into Janus charged state. It is found that the trapping degree and the charge distribution in the Janus charged droplet depend on the original surface charge on the superamphiphobic surface. The invisible charge wall can also be established at diverse boundary curvatures, allowing to design pathways for droplet manipulations. Furthermore, the enrichment of protein and nanomaterial in the manipulated Janus charged droplet is demonstrated. The strategy provides a potential microfluidic platform with orthogonal functionalities.
Single‐Crystalline Ni‐Rich LiNixMnyCo1−x−yO2 Cathode Materials: A Perspective
Authors: Zhang Hao , He Xinzi , Chen Zonghai , Yang Yang , Xu Hong , Wang Li , He Xiangming
Published: October 2022

To drive electrical vehicles for long‐range, the energy density of Li‐ion batteries must be further enhanced, which requires high‐energy cathode materials. Among them, Ni‐rich LiNixMnyCo1−x–yO2 (x > 0.5, NMC) is one of the most promising candidates. However, traditional poly‐crystal (PC) NMC materials, whose particles are secondary clusters consisting of many primary crystalline particles, are susceptible to pulverization along the inter grain/particle boundaries, resulting in poor cycle stability. Recently, single crystal (SC)‐NMC cathodes are proposed as they are believed to have several merits such as high structural integrity, lower interface with electrolyte, and potentially better energy storage performance. Nevertheless, several queries, such as the merits of SC structure and the mechanism for their structure degradation, are still controversial and required to be addressed. Herein, the synthesis parameters, properties, energy storage as well as safety of SC‐ and PC‐NMC cathodes with various Ni contents are critically reviewed, for clarifying the merits and drawbacks of SC. Furthermore, the study focuses on the recent advances of insight mechanisms and strategies for stabilizing the structure/interface by doping, morphology engineering, surface coating, and composition tailoring. The remaining challenges, safety concerns, and perspectives to enhance the electrochemical performance of SC‐NMC cathodes for electric vehicle application are followed.
Sulfur Cathodes with Self‐Organized Cellulose Nanofibers in Stable Ah‐Level, >300 Wh kg−1 Lithium–Sulfur Cells
Authors: Huang Yingyi , Shaibani Mahdokht , Abedin Md. Joynul , Mendoza David Joram , Xu Zhou , Gamot Tanesh Dinesh , Cooray Mahamarakkalage Chrishani Dilusha , Lin Maoqi , Garnier Gil , Hill Matthew Roland , Majumder Mainak
Published: October 2022

The realization of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries as an energy storage technology depends on unlocking practical performance at commercially relevant pouch cell scales. Typically, the heterogeneous and porous nature of large scale, high sulfur loading Li–S batteries require increased electrolyte levels and impede electronic conductivity. Improved cathode structures offer a pathway to strong performance at large battery scales. Here, the successful development of a new cathode using highly‐carboxylated and negatively surface charged cellulose nanofibers as a backbone that addresses these issues and delivers an ordered, dense architecture whilst maintaining long term cycle life, is reported. Taken together this leads to an Ah‐level pouch cell with a peak capacity above 1200 mAh g−1 and an areal capacity of around 15 mAh cm−2, which achieves a high gravimetric energy density of up to 330 Wh kg−1 and volumetric energy density of 480 Wh L−1. The cell is used to power a drone for 10 min, demonstrating the ability of this discovery to be translated at practical scales.
Fast and Reconfigurable Logic Synthesis in Memristor Crossbar Array
Authors: Wang Wei , Liu Sen , Li Qingjiang , Shi Tuo , Zhang Feng , Liu Haijun , Li Nan , Wang Yongzhou , Sun Yi , Song Bing , Xu Hui , Liu Qi
Published: October 2022

Memristor is a potential basic unit for the in‐memory computing system, which is an approach to break the memory wall of the traditional computer. However, low switching speed, nonuniform device characteristics, and inefficient logic synthesis hinder the development of memristor‐based in‐memory computing. Herein, a novel Cu/α‐Si/α‐C/Pt memristor and direct resistance‐coupling logic synthesis scheme to construct high‐efficiency in‐memory computing is presented. The memristor shows excellent uniformity of low/high resistance (relative dispersion σ/μ = 4.68% and 3.28%) and SET/RESET voltage (relative dispersion σ/μ = 3.24% and 5.85%), fast switching speed (≈30 ns), good endurance (>108), and long retention (>105 s at 100 °C). Complete set of Boolean logic and some derived logic operators are efficiently implemented in the Cu/α‐Si/α‐C/Pt crossbar array. Furthermore, the reconfigurable and parallel logic synthesis is experimentally demonstrated by one‐bit full adder and parallel copy operation. This work can greatly improve the logic computing efficiency and flexibility in the memristor crossbar array.
α‐Acylation of Alkenes by a Single Photocatalyst
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Yuan , Hou Hong‐Yu , Liu Yu , Yu Ji‐Xin , Chen Bin , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: October 2022

A direct strategy for the difunctionalization of alkenes, with acylation occurring at the more substituted alkene position, would be attractive for complex ketone synthesis. We report herein a reaction driven by a single photocatalyst that enables α‐acylation in this way with the introduction of a fluoromethyl, alkyl, sulfonyl or thioether group at the β‐position of the alkene with high chemo‐ and regioselectivity under extremely mild conditions. Crucial to the success of this method are rate differences in the kinetics of radical generation through single‐electron transfer (SET) between different radical precursors and the excited photocatalyst (PC*). Thus, the β‐position of the alkene is first occupied by the group derived from the radical precursor that can be generated most readily, and α‐keto acids could be used as an electrophilic reagent for the α‐acylation of alkenes.
Modular Construction of Unnatural α‐Tertiary Amino Acid Derivatives by Multicomponent Radical Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Li Yujun , Yang Jie , Geng Xinxin , Tao Pan , Shen Yanling , Su Zhishan , Zheng Ke
Published: October 2022

Although the synthesis of α‐tertiary amino acids (ATAAs) has been extensively studied, the development of an inexpensive and facile methodology to incorporate multifunctionality on ATAAs remains challenging. In this article, we present a single‐step radical approach for the modular synthesis of functionally diverse ATAAs. This synthesis takes place under mild conditions with an absence of metals, photocatalysts, and all other additives. We demonstrate the broad applications of this approach on a variety of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids, alkenes, 1,3‐enynes, and oxazolones. The results prove that our method provides excellent functional group tolerance and late‐stage applicability, as well as gram‐scale synthesis via flow chemistry. Additionally, we include mechanistic studies which reveal that the excited state of oxazolone enolate upon light excitation is a key intermediate that acts as a radical precursor and an efficient reductant.