bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mecanismos de tutorización soportados por los Entonos Virtuales de Aprendizaje
Authors: Caballero Alberto , Pereñíguez Fernando , Soto Jesús
Published: December 2019

El presente trabajo ofrece un análisis de las diferentes herramientas de tutorización más frecuentes en los Entornos Virtuales de Aprendizaje. Dicho análisis se basa tanto en las estadísticas de uso obtenidas por los sistemas que soportan dichos entornos como de la valoración que hacen los profesores y estudiantes. En base a dicho análisis descriptivo se brinda un conjunto de recomendaciones metodológicas que se consideran en la impartición de varias asignaturas del Grado de Ingeniería Informática, tanto en modalidad presencial como a distancia, y de Máster, en modalidad semipresencial.

 

Palabras clave: Entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, tutorización, recomendaciones metodológicas

Tutoring of students through Virtual Learning Environments

  ABSTRACT

 This paper analyses the utilization and effectiveness of several tools presented in the most popular Virtual Learning Environments. A set of methodological recommendations about the use of these tools are also offered. This study is based on the statistics collected by the own learning environment and  the opinions offered by the professor and students enrolled in several courses. Data presented in this paper are related to several courses of undergraduate and postgraduate studies. Undergraduate courses are offered both classroom- based and on-line. Meanwhile, postgraduate courses follow a blended format.

 Keywords: Virtual learning environment, tutoring, methodological recommendations
El Soporte familiar y el estado emocional del paciente con Enfermedad Renal Crónica Manadiálisis Portoviejo
Authors: Rodríguez Álava Leonor Alexandra , Intriago Macias John Vicente , Martinez Minda Héctor , Durán Solorzano Stéfano Alexander
Published: December 2019

La familia como célula de la sociedad es la instancia primaria y básica de socialización del ser humano que se lleva a efecto entre padres, hijos, hermanos, abuelos, primos, …; es la primera fuente de apoyo ante situaciones desfavorables como la economía, salud, relaciones afectivas; sin embargo, esta puede verse afectada cuando uno de sus miembros sufre alguna calamidad, influyendo en las instancias psíquicas y afectivas del sujeto que la adolece, en este caso de alguna enfermedad crónica. El objetivo de la investigación consistió en identificar la incidencia del soporte familiar en el estado emocional de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en Manadiálisis de la ciudad de Portoviejo. Para la puesta en marcha de este estudio de carácter cuantitativo, de nivel descriptivo y correlacional, se aplicó una encuesta estructurada a familiares y personal médico del Centro, y a los pacientes, la escala de valoración del estado de ánimo, instrumento diseñado para evaluar cuatro estados emocionales de carácter situacional con entidad clínica: depresión, ansiedad, hostilidad y alegría. En los resultados se destaca que los estados emocionales de ansiedad y alegría son preponderantes en los pacientes y que la familia los apoya física y emocionalmente en todo el proceso que implica el tratamiento, ratificando el rasgo cultural de la familia manabita: “la familia está para apoyarse”
Aplicación de las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación en las microempresas agropecuarias del cantón Chone
Authors: Zambrano Alcívar Katty Gisella , Párraga Lenin Andrés
Published: December 2019

La aplicación de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación en las microempresas agropecuarias del cantón Chone, surge considerando que este cantón es eminentemente agropecuario. El sector agropecuario es la parte del sector primario compuesta por el sector agrícola (agricultura) y el sector ganadero o pecuario (ganadería). El objetivo de este estudio es Identificar la aplicación de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en las microempresas agropecuarias del cantón Chone. Los resultados evidencian que  un 42% de las microempresas se dedican a la ganadería, en un 35% a la agricultura, en un 10% a la pesca, en un 5% a la actividad avícola, en un 5% a la porcina y en un 3% a la explotación forestal. No aplican tecnologías de información y comunicación dichas microempresas en un 63%, por los altos costos de inversión en un 52%, en un 28% debido a que los gastos primarios son altos y en un 20% por la escasa cultura tecnológica. La tecnificación en la producción es de un 60% siendo en un 25% en la ganadería y un 20% en la agricultura. En la comercialización si utilizan las tecnologías de la información en un 62%. Difunden sus microempresas o productos en un 90%  a través de las redes sociales y aplican el comercio electrónico en un 10%. Se concluye que la aplicación de las tecnologías de información y comunicación es mínima en la mayoría de las actividades de las microempresas agropecuarias del cantón Chone.

Palabras claves: tecnología, comunicación, información, microempresas, agropecuaria, online.
Aprendizaje colaborativo mediante el uso de las wiki en los estudiantes de educación básica
Authors: Zambrano Molina Rosa Laura , Palacios Conforme David Segundo
Published: December 2019

El artículo aborda la necesidad del trabajo colaborativo en los estudiantes de educación básica en Ecuador  mediante el uso de las Wiki. Para sustentar esta propuesta se realizaron encuestas a docentes y estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa Tiburcio Macías. A través de los resultados obtenidos, se concluyó que existe carencia en el uso de dicha  herramienta, se corroboró  también    que  hay    una  podre  aplicación  de  estrategias  para  el    logro  de aprendizaje colaborativo en los estudiantes de educación básica, aspecto que afecta  el desarrollo de destrezas y habilidades en los estudiantes, por lo que es necesario llevar a la práctica la estrategia didáctica de aplicación que se propone.

 Palabras clave: Comunicación, estrategia didáctica, herramientas tecnológicas trabajo colaboración

 Collaborative learning using the wiki in basic education student

 

 Abstract

 The article discusses the need for collaborative work among students in basic education in Ecuador, using the Wiki. To support this proposal surveys to teachers and students of the School Tiburcio Macias. Through the results, it was concluded that there is a lack in the use of this tool, it was also confirmed that there is pus implementing strategies to achieve collaborative  learning  among  students  in  basic  education,  something  that  affects  the development of skills and skills in students, so it is necessary to implement the teaching strategy proposed application

 Keywords: Communication, teaching strategy, technological collaborative work tools
Deficiencias del uso efectivo de las bibliotecas escolares Uso de la bibliotecas
Authors: Cobos Campoverde Ruth Isabel
Published: December 2019

La lectura en la etapa escolar es supremamente importante y la biblioteca ha cumplido una especial labor en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, pues esta ejerce una influencia sobre el logro académico en los estudiantes, sin embargo estas no siempre son utilizadas con la eficiencia y eficacias pertinentes, tal es el caso del  uso que se le da a la biblioteca de la  Unidad Educativa Informática. El objetivo de esta experiencia  fue    Investigar  la  incidencia  del  uso  de  la  biblioteca  en  el  proceso  de  enseñanza- aprendizaje en dicha unidad educativa. Para la puesta en marcha de este trabajo se encuestaron 112 estudiantes con el propósito de comprobar el uso eficaz   de las nuevas tecnologías a través de la biblioteca escolar. Se concluyó que hay falta de gestión administrativa para dotar de insumos informáticos  a la biblioteca de la institución lo que trae como resultado la poca  motivación  por lo que existe poca espontaneidad del estudiante por  ingresar a la misma.

 Palabras claves: biblioteca, influencia, enseñanza-aprendizaje- estudiantes- informático

 Deficiencies of the effective use of school libraries

 

 Abstract

 The reading on the school stage is extremely important and the library has played a special role in teaching and learning, as this has an influence on academic achievement in students, but these are not always used with the efficiency, such is the case of the use that is given to the library In the Computer Educational Unit. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the impact of library use in the teaching-learning process in this Educational Unit. For the implementation of this study there was applied survy to 112 students in order to verify the effective use of new technologies through the school library. It was concluded that there is a lack of administrative management computer to provide inputs to the library of the institution, resulting in the   low motivation and the little spontaneity of student library use.

Keywords: library, influence, teaching-learning-students- computers.
La familia en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los adolescentes
Authors: Solórzano Solórzano Sidar , Candela García Fátima
Published: December 2019

La insuficiencia en la participación de los padres en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de los estudiantes depende de las condiciones que los padres les proporcionen. La familia y la escuela juegan un rol muy importante para la formación de los hijos. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la influencia de los padres en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje  y la integración de la comunidad educativa en la comunicación asertiva entre sus elementos, relacionando la influencia de las jornadas laborales con las actividades educativas familiares; se examinó la influencia de las familias monoparentales en la autoestima de los estudiantes y cómo influye su formación académica en las tareas escolares. La metodología utilizada  para  el  diagnóstico  inicial,  se  originó  de  la  aplicación  de  encuestas  a  padres, docentes y estudiantes. Se utilizaron los métodos y técnicas histórico lógico, análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción, bibliográfico, observación a clases, entrevista a grupo focal, modelación y pre-experimento. Lo que permitió conocer que los padres influyen significativamente en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Los resultados   propiciaron el diseño de una propuesta encaminada a potenciar la participación de los padres en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, en busca de lograr un desempeño académico satisfactorio.

 Palabras claves: Participación, enseñanza, aprendizaje, comunicación asertiva, jornadas laborales, formación académica, tareas escolares

 

 The family in the teaching and learning process of adolescents

 Abstract

  The deficit in parental involvement in the process of learning of students depends on the conditions that parents provide them. The family and the school have a very important role in the education of their children. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the influence of parents in the education process, determining the influence of the integration of the educational community in assertive communication among its members, to investigate. The influence of single parents in self-esteem of students was examined, and how it affects their academic training in homework. The methodology used for the initial diagnosis was obtained  from  the  use  of  surveys  to  parents,  teachers  and  students.  The  methods  and techniques used were logical historical analysis-synthesis, induction, deduction, literature, class observation, focus group interviews, modeling and pre-experiment that allowed knowing the significant influence of parents in the education process. The results allowed the design of a proposal aimed at increasing the participation of parents in the education process and thus achieve satisfactory academic performance.

 Keywords: participation, teaching, learning, assertive communication, working hours, academic training, homework
Liderazgo y procesos de mejora de la educación superior
Authors: Cedeño Mendoza Fabrina Monserrate
Published: December 2019

El trabajo aborda la incompatibilidad existente en el plano del liderazgo y la mejora de los profesores en los diferentes procesos  y tareas de la educación superior, que se visualiza desde diferentes ángulos. Por una parte, los modos de crear el cambio educativo y las reformas, por otro, los disímiles enfoques sobre las organizaciones educativas   convenientes con los modos de pensar, así como   las distintas ideas de la profesionalidad docente y el ejercicio de la enseñanza.  Este trabajo es parte de una investigación realizada en el Instituto Tecnológico Superior Portoviejo, Ecuador, que tuvo como objetivo proponer vías para la configuración de    centros educativos superiores como comunidades profesionales de  instrucción que puedan posibilitar el aprendizaje a través del trabajo conjunto. Para corroborar los resultados de  este, se  aplicaron encuestas a  profesores  que laboran en este nivel de enseñanza.  Mediante las deducciones  obtenidas,  se concluyó  que  la capacidad  para  mejorar  una institución de educación superior depende, de manera relevante, de equipos directivos con liderazgo que contribuyan a dinamizar, apoyar, animar los procesos sustantivos  con un buen nivel de eficacia que contribuya a la capacidad interna de mejora; lo que se precisa una eficaz formación de estos.

Palabras claves: aprendizaje; cambio educativo; enseñanza; liderazgo; mejora

 

 Leadership and process improvement of higher education

 Abstract

 The paper states the incompatibility therein in the field of leadership and improvement of professors in the different processes and tasks of higher education, which is viewed from different points . On the one hand, the  ways of creating educational changes  and reform, on the other, dissimilar approaches to educational organizations, convenient ways of thinking and different ideas of teacher´s  professionalism and the academic exercise as well. This work is part of research  carried  out  at the  “Instituto Tecnológico Superior  Portoviejo,  Ecuador,  which  aimed  to propose ways for setting higher schools as communities that might enable to work with the learning through working together. To corroborate the results, surveys were applied to teachers working at this level. By the deductions obtained, it was concluded that the ability to enhance an institution of higher education depends, in a relevant way of management with leadership that helps stimulate, support, encourage and   substantive processes with a good level of efficiency that supports capacity and internal improvement; for which it is required an effective training .

Keywords: learning, educational change, education, leadership, improvemt
Una propuesta organizativa para la materia “redes de computadoras” en un ambiente semipresencial
Authors: Zambrano Zambrano Marcos , Linares Alvaro Manuel José , Mendoza Navarrete Martha Lorena
Published: December 2019

En la Universidad Cubana, ha quedado establecido en varias carreras universitarias, como  la  de  Ingeniera  en  informática,  la  aplicación  del  plan  de  estudios  D, caracterizado por emplear una modalidad semipresencial, y poseer una marcada disposición a la educación constructivista y significativa. Esta carrera posee en su plan de estudios asignaturas, como “Redes de Computadoras”, que requieren de laboratorios correctamente equipados que no siempre están disponibles debido a los altos costos y por consiguiente, a lo escasos que resultan los diferentes dispositivos que se emplean en las redes informáticas. En un ambiente que utilice cualquiera de las modalidades educativas antes mencionadas, esta situación se hace aún más crítica . El presente trabajo, se enmarca en la necesidad de dar soluciones a la problemática anterior. La idea central es organizar los contenidos de la asignatura Redes de Computadoras,  usando  mapas  conceptuales  a los  cuales  estén  asociados  recursos multimedios tales como textos, imágenes,  animaciones, y sobre todo, simulaciones de procesos o equipos propios de las redes de computadoras, y luego compartirlos en una  red  informática,  de  manera  que  permitan,  en  primera  instancia,  resolver  las carencias señaladas y en general constituyan un soporte de apoyo a la enseñanza de la materia.

  Palabras claves: Redes de computadoras, mapa conceptual, enseñanza a distancia, routers, protocolo IP

  

An organizational proposal for the subject "computer networks" in a blended learning environment

Abstract

 In  the  Cuban  University  it  has  been  established  in  several  university  courses,  such  as computer  engineer,  application  of  curriculum  D,  characterized  by  employing  a  blended format, and have a strong disposition to constructive and meaningful education. This race has in  its  plan  of  subjects  studies,  such  as  "Computer  Networks",  which  require  properly equipped laboratories are not always available due to high costs and therefore to the few that are different devices used in the computer networks. In an environment that uses any of the educational methods above, this situation more critical .The present work is still done, is part of the need to provide solutions to the above problems. The central idea is to organize the contents of the course Computer Networks, using conceptual maps which associated multimedia resources such as text, images, animations, and above all, process simulations or own teams of computer networks are, then share on a computer network, so as to allow, in the first instance, to resolve the identified gaps and generally constitute a support to support the teaching of the subject.

 

Keywords: Computer networks, conceptual map, distance learning, routers, IP protocol
El trabajador social y las competencias para la intervención social y familiar con niños sordos
Authors: Romero Chávez Sandra Auxiliadora , Rodríguez Alava Leonor Alexandra , Roldan Quijije Sonia Nataly
Published: December 2019

Uno de los grandes problemas que enfrentan los profesionales de las ciencias sociales y humanidades  en el momento de intervenir con personas que posean alguna discapacidad es no saber qué hacer, cómo actuar y con quiénes debe coordinar su acción, disminuyendo en alguna medida el nivel de desempeño y satisfacción. A partir de este escenario el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar las  competencias  esenciales del trabajador social para la intervención social y familiar con niños con discapacidad auditiva. La investigación fue realizada a partir de la  sistematización y otros métodos teóricos tales como el análisis y la síntesis de la literatura referida al tema, así como conversatorio sobre experiencias con profesionales en el área, permitiendo enfocar como resultados fundamentales  que las competencias básicas del trabajador social se refieren a las actuaciones integrales que debe demostrar en su desempeño   profesional, mismas que le permita potenciar un ambiente armónico y efectivo de inclusión y de desarrollo de los niños sordos, mediante el trabajo coordinado con los diversos agentes: padres, maestros, autoridades, otros profesionales  y comunidad en general.

 Palabras Clave: Competencias profesionales, intervención,  familia, Trabajo Social, niños sordos.

Abstract

 One of the major problems faced by professionals in the social sciences and humanities at the moment of intervening with persons with disabilities is not knowing what to do, how to act and with whom should coordinate their action, decreasing to some extent the level of performance and satisfaction. From this scenario the present work aims to determine the essential competences of the social worker for social and family intervention of children with hearing disability. The research was carried out from the systematization and other theoretical methods such as the analysis and synthesis of the literature on the subject, as well as a conversations with professionals about experiences in the area, allowing to focus as fundamental results that the basic competences of the social worker refer to the integral actions that must be demonstrated in their professional performance, which allow them to potentiate a harmonious and effective environment for the inclusion and development of deaf children through coordinated work with several agents such as : parents, teachers, authorities, others Professionals, and the community in general.

 Keywords: Professional skills, intervention, family, social work, deaf children.
Why do thioureas and squaramides slow down the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement?
Authors: Krištofíková Dominika , Filo Juraj , Mečiarová Mária , Šebesta Radovan
Published: December 2019

A range of chiral hydrogen-bond-donating organocatalysts was tested in the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of silyl ketene acetals. None of these organocatalysts was able to impart any enantioselectivity on the rearrangements. Furthermore, these organocatalysts slowed down the Ireland–Claisen rearrangement in comparison to an uncatalyzed reaction. The catalyst-free reaction proceeded well in green solvents or without any solvent. DFT calculations showed that the activation barriers are higher for reactions involving hydrogen-donating organocatalysts and kinetic experiments suggest that the catalysts bind stronger to the starting silyl ketene acetals than to transition structures thus leading to inefficient rearrangement reactions.
Quantifying the Influence of Jupiter on the Earth’s Orbital Cycles
Authors: Horner Jonathan , Vervoort Pam , Kane Stephen R. , Ceja Alma Y. , Waltham David , Gilmore James , Turner Sandra Kirtland
Published: December 2019

A wealth of Earth-sized exoplanets will be discovered in the coming years, providing a large pool of candidates from which the targets for the search for life beyond the solar system will be chosen. The target selection process will require the leveraging of all available information in order to maximize the robustness of the target list and make the most productive use of follow-up resources. Here, we present the results of a suite of n-body simulations that demonstrate the degree to which the orbital architecture of the solar system impacts the variability of Earth’s orbital elements. By varying the orbit of Jupiter and keeping the initial orbits of the other planets constant, we demonstrate how subtle changes in solar system architecture could alter the Earth’s orbital evolution—a key factor in the Milankovitch cycles that alter the amount and distribution of solar insolation, thereby driving periodic climate change on our planet. The amplitudes and frequencies of Earth’s modern orbital cycles fall in the middle of the range seen in our runs for all parameters considered—neither unusually fast nor slow, neither large nor small. This finding runs counter to the “Rare Earth” hypothesis, which suggests that conditions on Earth are so unusual that life elsewhere is essentially impossible. Our results highlight how dynamical simulations of newly discovered exoplanetary systems could be used as an additional means to assess the potential targets of biosignature searches, and thereby help focus the search for life to the most promising targets.
The Nearby, Young, χ1 Fornacis Cluster: Membership, Age, and an Extraordinary Ensemble of Dusty Debris Disks
Authors: Zuckerman B. , Klein Beth , Kastner Joel
Published: December 2019

Only four star clusters are known within ∼100 pc of Earth. Of these, the χ
1 For cluster has barely been studied. We use the Gaia DR2 catalog and other published data to establish the cluster membership, structure, and age. The age of and distance to the cluster are ∼40 Myr and 104 pc, respectively. A remarkable, unprecedented aspect of the cluster is the large percentage of M-type stars with warm excess infrared emission due to orbiting dust grains—these stars lie in an annulus that straddles the tidal radius of the cluster. The χ
1 For cluster appears to be closely related to two extensive, previously known, groups of comoving, coeval stars (the Tucana-Horologium and Columba Associations) that are spread over much of the southern sky. While Tuc-Hor and χ
1 For are comoving and coeval, the difference in the frequency of their warm dusty debris disks at M-type stars could hardly be more dramatic.
The Cold Circumgalactic Environment of MAMMOTH-I: Dynamically Cold Gas in the Core of an Enormous Lyα Nebula
Authors: Emonts Bjorn H. C. , Cai Zheng , Prochaska J. Xavier , Li Qiong , Lehnert Matthew D.
Published: December 2019

The MAMMOTH-I Nebula at redshift 2.3 is one of the largest known Lyα nebulae in the universe, spanning ∼440 kpc. Enormous Lyα nebulae like MAMMOTH-I typically trace the densest and most active regions of galaxy formation. Using sensitive low-surface-brightness observations of CO(1−0) with the Very Large Array, we trace the cold molecular gas in the inner 150 kpc of the MAMMOTH-I Nebula. CO is found in four regions that are associated with either galaxies or groups of galaxies that lie inside the nebula. In three of the regions, the CO stretches up to ∼30 kpc into the circumgalactic medium (CGM). In the centermost region, the CO has a very low velocity dispersion (FWHMCO ∼ 85 km s−1), indicating that this gas is dynamically cold. This dynamically cold gas coincides with diffuse rest-frame optical light in the CGM around a central group of galaxies, as discovered with the Hubble Space Telescope. We argue that this likely represents cooling of settled and enriched gas in the center of MAMMOTH-I. This implies that the dynamically cold gas in the CGM, rather than the obscured active galactic nucleus, marks the core of the potential well of this Lyα nebula. In total, the CO in the MAMMOTH-I Nebula traces a molecular gas mass of M
H2 ∼ 1.4(α
CO/3.6) × 1011
M
⊙, with roughly 50% of the CO(1−0) emission found in the CGM. Our results add to the increasing evidence that extended reservoirs of molecular gas exist in the CGM of massive high-z galaxies and protoclusters.
Predicting Lyα Emission from Galaxies via Empirical Markers of Production and Escape in the KBSS*
Authors: Trainor Ryan F. , Strom Allison L. , Steidel Charles C. , Rudie Gwen C. , Chen Yuguang , Theios Rachel L.
Published: December 2019

Lyα emission is widely used to detect and confirm high-redshift galaxies and characterize the evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM). However, many galaxies do not display Lyα emission in typical spectroscopic observations, and intrinsic Lyα emitters represent a potentially biased set of high-redshift galaxies. In this work, we analyze a set of 703 galaxies at 2 ≲ z ≲ 3 with both Lyα spectroscopy and measurements of other rest-frame ultraviolet and optical properties in order to develop an empirical model for Lyα emission from galaxies and understand how the probability of Lyα emission depends on other observables. We consider several empirical proxies for the efficiency of Lyα photon production, as well as the subsequent escape of these photons through their local interstellar medium. We find that the equivalent width of metal-line absorption and the O3 ratio of rest-frame optical nebular lines are advantageous empirical proxies for Lyα escape and production, respectively. We develop a new quantity,

, that combines these two properties into a single predictor of net Lyα emission, which we find describes ∼90% of the observed variance in Lyα equivalent width when accounting for our observational uncertainties. We also construct conditional probability distributions demonstrating that galaxy selection based on measurements of galaxy properties yield samples of galaxies with widely varying probabilities of net Lyα emission. The application of the empirical models and probability distributions described here may be used to infer the selection biases of current galaxy surveys and evaluate the significance of high-redshift Lyα (non)detections in studies of reionization and the IGM.
Validation of the Alfvén Wave Solar Atmosphere Model (AWSoM) with Observations from the Low Corona to 1 au
Authors: Sachdeva Nishtha , Holst Bart van der , Manchester Ward B. , Tóth Gabor , Chen Yuxi , Lloveras Diego G. , Vásquez Alberto M. , Lamy Philippe , Wojak Julien , Jackson Bernard V. , Yu Hsiu-Shan , Henney Carl J.
Published: December 2019

We perform a validation study of the latest version of the Alfvén Wave Solar atmosphere Model (AWSoM) within the Space Weather Modeling Framework. To do so, we compare the simulation results of the model with a comprehensive suite of observations for Carrington rotations representative of the solar minimum conditions extending from the solar corona to the heliosphere up to the Earth. In the low corona (r < 1.25

), we compare with EUV images from both Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory-A/EUVI and Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and to three-dimensional (3D) tomographic reconstructions of the electron temperature and density based on these same data. We also compare the model to tomographic reconstructions of the electron density from Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph observations (2.55 < r < 6.0

). In the heliosphere, we compare model predictions of solar wind speed with velocity reconstructions from InterPlanetary Scintillation observations. For comparison with observations near the Earth, we use OMNI data. Our results show that the improved AWSoM model performs well in quantitative agreement with the observations between the inner corona and 1 au. The model now reproduces the fast solar wind speed in the polar regions. Near the Earth, our model shows good agreement with observations of solar wind velocity, proton temperature, and density. AWSoM offers an extensive application to study the solar corona and larger heliosphere in concert with current and future solar missions as well as being well suited for space weather predictions.
Stellar Pulsation and the Production of Dust and Molecules in Galactic Carbon Stars
Authors: Kraemer Kathleen E. , Sloan G. C. , Keller Luke D. , McDonald Iain , Zijlstra Albert A. , Groenewegen Martin A. T.
Published: December 2019

New infrared spectra of 33 Galactic carbon stars from FORCAST on SOFIA reveal strong connections between stellar pulsations and the dust and molecular chemistry in their circumstellar shells. A sharp boundary in overall dust content, which predominantly measures the amount of amorphous carbon, separates the semiregular and Mira variables, with the semiregulars showing little dust in their spectra and the Miras showing more. In semiregulars, the contribution from SiC dust increases rapidly as the overall dust content grows, but in Miras, the SiC dust feature grows weaker as more dust is added. A similar dichotomy is found with the absorption band from CS at ∼7.3 μm, which is generally limited to semiregular variables. Observationally, these differences make it straightforward to distinguish semiregular and Mira variables spectroscopically without the need for long-term photometric observations or knowledge of their distances. The rapid onset of strong SiC emission in Galactic carbon stars in semiregular variables points to a different dust-condensation process before strong pulsations take over. The break in the production of amorphous carbon between semiregulars and Miras seen in the Galactic sample is also evident in Magellanic carbon stars, linking strong pulsations in carbon stars to the strong mass-loss rates which will end their lives as stars across a wide range of metallicities.
The Interaction between the Supernova Remnant W41 and the Filamentary Infrared Dark Cloud G23.33-0.30
Authors: Hogge Taylor G. , Jackson James M. , Allingham David , Guzman Andres E. , Killerby-Smith Nicholas , Kraemer Kathleen E. , Sanhueza Patricio , Stephens Ian W. , Whitaker J. Scott
Published: December 2019

G23.33-0.30 is a 600 M
⊙ infrared dark molecular filament that exhibits large NH3 velocity dispersions (σ ∼ 8 km s−1) and bright, narrow NH3(3, 3) line emission. We have probed G23.33-0.30 at the < 0.1 pc scale and confirmed that the narrow NH3(3, 3) line is emitted by four rare NH3(3, 3) masers, which are excited by a large-scale shock impacting the filament. G23.33-0.30 also displays a velocity gradient along its length, a velocity discontinuity across its width, shock-tracing SiO(5–4) emission extended throughout the filament, and broad turbulent line widths in NH3(1, 1) through (6, 6), CS(5–4), and SiO(5–4), as well as an increased NH3 rotational temperature (T
rot) and velocity dispersion (σ) associated with the shocked, blueshifted component. The correlations among T
rot, σ, and V
LSR imply that the shock is accelerating, heating, and adding turbulent energy to the filament gas. Given G23.33-0.30's location within the giant molecular cloud G23.0-0.4, we speculate that the shock and NH3(3, 3) masers originated from the supernova remnant (SNR) W41, which exhibits additional evidence of an interaction with G23.0-0.4. We have also detected the 1.3 mm dust continuum emission from at least three embedded molecular cores associated with G23.33-0.30. Although the cores have moderate gas masses (M = 7–10 M
⊙), their large virial parameters (α = 4–9) suggest that they will not collapse to form stars. The turbulent line widths of the (α > 1) cores may indicate negative feedback due to the SNR shock.
A Comprehensive Spectral Rotational Analysis of the Interstellar Methyl Isocyanate CH3NCO
Authors: Kolesniková L. , Kisiel Z. , Alonso E. R. , Guillemin J. C. , Alonso J. L. , Medvedev I. R. , Winnewisser M.
Published: December 2019

Methyl isocyanate (CH3NCO) is a recently identified interstellar molecule giving rise to many detected lines. Interestingly, its delayed identification was due not to weak lines but to a very complex rotational spectrum. To date, the only published laboratory transitions for this molecule are those between rotational energy levels with K ≤ 3. In the present work, Stark-modulation spectroscopy was used to record the room-temperature rotational spectrum of CH3NCO in the spectral region from 32 to 90 GHz. Observation of characteristic Stark effects, measured at specific low-voltage modulation conditions, and 14N nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure allowed unambiguous assignment of rotational transitions up to K = 10. These newly assigned transitions were subsequently followed up to 364 GHz with the aid of Loomis–Wood-type displays. Since there are no reports on astrophysical detection of 13C isotopic species, first laboratory measurements between 50 and 300 GHz have also been performed for CH3N13CO and 13CH3NCO isotopologues. A comprehensive spectral analysis undertaken in this work made it possible to extend the knowledge of the rotational spectrum of CH3NCO to more than 2500 new transitions. Furthermore, more than 1200 lines were identified and analyzed for each of the isotopologues. The extensive line lists and sets of molecular parameters reported in this work provide the basis for further astrophysical searches of CH3NCO.
A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Implications for the Dense Matter Equation of State
Authors: Raaijmakers G. , Riley T. E. , Watts A. L. , Greif S. K. , Morsink S. M. , Hebeler K. , Schwenk A. , Hinderer T. , Nissanke S. , Guillot S. , Arzoumanian Z. , Bogdanov S. , Chakrabarty D. , Gendreau K. C. , Ho W. C. G. , Lattimer J. M. , Ludlam R. M. , Wolff M. T.
Published: December 2019

Both the mass and radius of the millisecond pulsar PSR J0030+0451 have been inferred via pulse-profile modeling of X-ray data obtained by NASA’s Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) mission. In this Letter we study the implications of the mass–radius inference reported for this source by Riley et al. for the dense matter equation of state (EoS), in the context of prior information from nuclear physics at low densities. Using a Bayesian framework we infer central densities and EoS properties for two choices of high-density extensions: a piecewise-polytropic model and a model based on assumptions of the speed of sound in dense matter. Around nuclear saturation density these extensions are matched to an EoS uncertainty band obtained from calculations based on chiral effective field theory interactions, which provide a realistic description of atomic nuclei as well as empirical nuclear matter properties within uncertainties. We further constrain EoS expectations with input from the current highest measured pulsar mass; together, these constraints offer a narrow Bayesian prior informed by theory as well as laboratory and astrophysical measurements. The NICER mass–radius likelihood function derived by Riley et al. using pulse-profile modeling is consistent with the highest-density region of this prior. The present relatively large uncertainties on mass and radius for PSR J0030+0451 offer, however, only a weak posterior information gain over the prior. We explore the sensitivity to the inferred geometry of the heated regions that give rise to the pulsed emission, and find a small increase in posterior gain for an alternative (but less preferred) model. Lastly, we investigate the hypothetical scenario of increasing the NICER exposure time for PSR J0030+0451.
Constraining the Neutron Star Mass–Radius Relation and Dense Matter Equation of State with NICER. II. Emission from Hot Spots on a Rapidly Rotating Neutron Star
Authors: Bogdanov Slavko , Lamb Frederick K. , Mahmoodifar Simin , Miller M. Coleman , Morsink Sharon M. , Riley Thomas E. , Strohmayer Tod E. , Tung Albert K. , Watts Anna L. , Dittmann Alexander J. , Chakrabarty Deepto , Guillot Sebastien , Arzoumanian Zaven , Gendreau Keith C.
Published: December 2019

We describe the model of surface emission from a rapidly rotating neutron star that is applied to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer X-ray data of millisecond pulsars in order to statistically constrain the neutron star mass–radius relation and dense matter equation of state. To ensure that the associated calculations are both accurate and precise, we conduct an extensive suite of verification tests between our numerical codes for both the Schwarzschild + Doppler and Oblate Schwarzschild approximations, and compare both approximations against exact numerical calculations. We find superb agreement between the code outputs, as well as in comparisons against a set of analytical and semi-analytical calculations, which, combined with their speed, demonstrates that the codes are well suited for large-scale statistical sampling applications. A set of verified, high-precision reference synthetic pulse profiles is provided to the community to facilitate testing of other independently developed codes.
Two new species of Fuscoporia (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from southern China based on morphological characters and molecular evidence
Authors: Chen Qian , Dai Yu-Cheng
Published: December 2019

Fuscoporia (Hymenochaetaceae) is characterized by annual to perennial, resupinate to pileate basidiocarps, a dimitic hyphal system, presence of hymenial setae, and hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses based on the nLSU and a combined ITS, nLSU and RPB2 datasets of 18 species of Fuscoporia revealed two new lineages that are equated to two new species; Fuscoporia ramulicolasp. nov. grouped together with F. ferrea, F. punctatiformis, F. subferrea and F. yunnanensis with a strong support; Fuscoporia acutimarginatasp. nov. formed a strongly supported lineage distinct from other species. The individual morphological characters of the new species and their related species are discussed. A key to Chinese species of Fuscoporia is provided.
Systematics and relationships of Tryssophyton (Melastomataceae), with a second species from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana
Authors: Wurdack Kenneth J. , Michelangeli Fabián A.
Published: December 2019

The systematics of Tryssophyton, herbs endemic to the Pakaraima Mountains of western Guyana, is reviewed and Tryssophyton quadrifolius K.Wurdack & Michelang., sp. nov. from the summit of Kamakusa Mountain is described as the second species in the genus. The new species is distinguished from its closest relative, Tryssophyton merumense, by striking vegetative differences, including number of leaves per stem and leaf architecture. A phylogenetic analysis of sequence data from three plastid loci and Melastomataceae-wide taxon sampling is presented. The two species of Tryssophyton are recovered as monophyletic and associated with mostly Old World tribe Sonerileae. Fruit, seed and leaf morphology are described for the first time, biogeography is discussed and both species are illustrated.
Description of Seba longimera sp. nov. from hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough, Northwest Pacific (Amphipoda, Amphilochoidea, Sebidae)
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Zhu Chaodong , Sha Zhongli , Ren Xianqiu
Published: December 2019

Seba longimerasp. nov., of the family Sebidae Walker, 1908, is described from hydrothermal vents in Okinawa Trough. Other two congenic species, S. bathybia Larsen, 2007 and S. profundus Shaw, 1989, are also reported from these hydrothermal vents, but the new species can be readily distinguished from them in having the merus of pereopods 5 and 6 extending beyond distal margin of carpus, coxa 4 smaller than coxae 2 and 3, and coxa 5 with the posterior lobe larger than the anterior one, rather than equilobate.
Unloved, paraphyletic or misplaced: new genera and species of small to minute lucinid bivalves and their relationships (Bivalvia, Lucinidae)
Authors: Taylor John D. , Glover Emily A.
Published: December 2019

Species identified as Pillucina are paraphyletic in molecular analyses and a new generic name, Rugalucina, is introduced for a complex of three similar species Rugalucina angela from the northern Indian Ocean and Red Sea, R. vietnamica from South East Asia, and R. munda from northern and north eastern Australia. Lucina concinna from the Red Sea, previously synonymised with P. vietnamica/angela is recognised as a Rugalucina-like species but with a very short anterior adductor scar. Divaricella cypselis from Karachi is similarly now recognised as a distinct species, probably related to Rugalucina but with oblique commarginal sculpture and a short adductor scar. A group of minute Indo-West Pacific lucinids with highly unusual multi-cuspate lateral teeth and previously classified as Pillucina are separated under a new genus Pusillolucinagen. nov., with the description of three new species P. arabica, P. africana, and P. biritika from the Arabian Gulf, Mozambique, and Madagascar. Finally, a new genus, Notocina, is introduced for the small southern Atlantic species, Epicodakia falklandica, shown in molecular analyses to be misplaced at subfamily level and now classified in Lucininae and not Codakiinae with Epicodakia.
Functional assessment of outcome of surgery to correct patellofemoral instability in human patients
Authors: Clark D.A. , Simpson D.L. , Eldridge J.D. , Pai V. , Colborne G.R.
Published: December 2019

A case-control study with 6 months of patient follow up. This study sought to determine if surgery followed by rehabilitation for patellar instability could restore normal gait function. A previous study has established abnormalities in gait pattern and joint congruence in patients with a history of patellar instability. We hypothesised that surgery for patellofemoral instability would improve knee function. Eight human patients (mean age 29, range 17-42) who were awaiting patella stabilisation surgery (5 tibial tuberosity osteotomy, 2 medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, 1 trochleoplasty) were compared against eight normal Controls (mean age 28, range 19-31). Patients were assessed pre-operatively and six months after surgery by biomechanical gait analysis. Gait trials involved simultaneous collection of kinematic and force data. Patients were grouped into two subgroups pre-operatively based on knee joint net moment during stance, and their joint moments during stance pre- and post-operatively were compared against the Control subjects. In pre-operative gait analysis, four patients (P1) produced some extensor moment in early stance and four (P2) demonstrated a severe gait deficiency with failure to generate a knee extensor moment during stance. Normalisation in gait pattern was observed in all patients post-operatively. Those who had the most severe gait abnormality (P2) demonstrated the most improvement in their knee joint moments. Improvements were observed in the milder (P1) cases, but these were less dramatic. Patella stabilisation by surgery can restore normal gait function. Normalising the anatomy of the knee extensor mechanism is the objective of surgery. Normal anatomy facilitates the rehabilitation objectives of optimising extensor function during the weight-bearing phase of gait.
Equivalence of Oral Fluorescein Angiography to Intravenous Fluorescein Angiography in Evaluating Pediatric Optic Nerve Pathology
Authors: Inger Hilliary E. , Jordan Catherine O. , Yanoga Fatoumata , Rogers David L.
Published: December 2019

Differentiating true optic nerve edema from pseudo-optic nerve edema is a diagnostic dilemma faced by pediatric ophthalmologists. This case series suggests that oral fluorescein angiography is equivalent to intravenous fluorescein angiography in making this distinction.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2019;56:e68–e72.]
Suicide & Documentation: A Must-Read
Authors: Duval Camille
Published: December 2019

To the Editor:

Thank you for placing this timely article in the Journal (“Suicide and Documentation: Don’t Let the Pen Kill Your Career,” by Diana Garbarino, BSN, RN, July 2006, Vol. 44, No. 7, pp. 18-24). [Click the View PDF icon for more.]
Language and Discrimination
Authors: Bodie John
Published: December 2019

To the Editor:

As a therapist and a recovering person (almost 18 years), I enjoyed Dr. Smoyak’s editorial “Pecking Orders, Social Permits, and Reverse Discrimination” (May 2006, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 6-7). [Click the View PDF icon for more.]
Comparison of Yellow Dye, Continuous Wave Nd=YAG, and Argon Green Laser on Experimentally Induced Corneal Neovascularization
Authors: Krasnick Neal M , Spigelman Alan V
Published: December 2019

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Corneal neovascularization is generally undesirable because it can lead to corneal scarring, lipid deposits, and corneal graft failure. To eliminate these vessels, several techniques are available including laser photocoagulation.

METHODS: This prospective study was designed to compare the effectiveness of three laser wavelengths (continuous wave Nd:YAG, 1064 nm; argon green 514 nm; and yellow dye, 570 nm) to obliterate experimentally induced corneal neovascularization in the rabbit. Corneal vascularization was created in 12 rabbits by placing 7-0 silk sutures through two quadrants of the cornea. Once neovascularization was complete, the suture was removed and one of the three lasers was applied to occlude vessels at one of the neovascular sites. The other site was used as a control.

RESULTS: The yellow wavelength, when compared with the green required fewer exposures to occlude corneal vessels. At no time during observation was any laser more effective than the control. In the continuous wave Nd:YAG group, tissue necrosis was needed to achieve closure of vessels.

CONCLUSIONS: Yellow and green laser light are equally effective in eliminating the corneal vessels. Continuous wave Nd:"XAG, as used here, appears to be a poor choice. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:45-49.]