bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIGITAL SAFETY MANAGER: IOT SERVICE TO ASSURE THE SAFE BEHAVIOUR OF MACHINES AND CONTROLS IN THE DIGITAL INDUSTRY
Authors: ILLARRAMENDI REZABAL MIREN , IRIARTE ASIER , ARRIETA AGUERRI, AITOR , SAGARDUI MENDIETA GOIURIA , LARRINAGA BARRENECHEA FELIX
Published: December 2021

The digital industry requires increasingly complex and reliable software systems. They need to control and make critical decisions at runtime. As a consequence, the verification and validation of these systems has become a major research challenge. At design and development time, model testing techniques are used while run-time verification aims at verifying that a system satisfies a given property. The latter technique complements the former. The solution presented in this paper targets embedded systems whose software components are designed by state machines defined by Unified Modelling Language (UML). The CRESCO (C++ REflective State-Machines based observable software COmponents) platform generates software components that provide internal information at runtime and the verifier uses this information to check system-level reliability/safety contracts. The verifier detects when a system contract is violated and initiates a safeState process to prevent dangerous scenarios. These contracts are defined by internal information from the software components that make up the system. Thus, as demonstrated in the tested experiment, the robustness of the system is increased. All software components (controllers), such as the verifier, have been deployed as services (producers/consumers) of the Arrowhead IoT platform: the controllers are deployed on local Arrowhead platforms (Edge) and the verifier (Safety Manager) is deployed on an Arrowhead platform (Cloud) that will consume controllers on the Edge and ensure the proper functioning of the plant controllers.

Keywords: run-time monitoring, robustness, software components, contracts, software models, state machines
From the revolution of dignity to despair: a reflection on the border regions of Ukraine
Authors: Maruniak Eugenia , Lisovkyi Sergiy
Published: December 2021

This article offers a detailed analysis of the content characterising the geopolitical challenges and socio-economic changes that have been facing Ukraine in the years following the Revolution of Dignity, as well as interregional differences. The focus here is on administrative regions of Ukraine that border on to EU Member States, while the special emphasis is on the Ukrainian-Polish border regions, i.e. those in which the cooperation put in place can be regarded as most successful and intensive of all. Furthermore, as gaps to the availability of statistical data are present, the main emphasis has been on case studies, content and SWOT analysis, the search for good practice, and typical patterns of perception as markers of the dynamics present in social space.
Family Resilience Model: The Influence of Cultural Identity, Coping, Family Strain, Socioeconomic Status, and Community Support on Family Resilience among the Batak Toba Ethnic Group
Authors: Pudjiati Sri Redatin Retno , Reksodiputro Sri Hartati Dewi , Purwono R. Urip
Published: December 2021

A resilient family is capable of survival, overcoming difficult challenges, and growing stronger. Cultural identity is among many factors that play a role in forming family resilience because the understanding and values of family resilience must be built in accordance with local culture. This study aims to analyze the factors that build family resilience in Indonesian families, especially those from the Batak Toba. It uses the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire to measure family resilience (α = 0.879), the Responses to Stress Questionnaire to measure coping (α =0.755), and the Family Strains Index to measure strain (α =0.763). Another measurement tool is the Batak Toba Adat Questionnaire, which is used to measure cultural identity (α = 0.677), community support, and socioeconomic status (SES). The data is analyzed using linear structural relations through structural equation modeling (SEM). The study participants are individuals who use Batak Toba surnames (N = 295) of whom 51.2% are female and 48.4% are male, with an age range of 30 to 65 years. The percentage of subjects from big families is 50.85%. Results show that cultural identity, coping, family strain, community support, and SES contribute together to build family resilience. The final generated model shows community support as a mediator of cultural identity and SES in the formation of family resilience, which is directly influenced by family strain and coping.
Psychological Birth Order and Achievement Goal Orientation of High School Students engaged in Shadow Education
Authors: Cayubit Ryan Francis O. , Ligot Nestlhyn B. , Lim Jamie Therese T. , Malaluan Inah Karla R. , Managbanag Erika Mae U. , Quindoza Gretchen Hazelle D.
Published: December 2021

The focus of the current study is to examine the nature of the relationship of goal orientation with psychological birth order. Likewise, it also looked into the ability of psychological birth order to influence the endorsement of achievement goals (mastery-approach and avoidance; performance- approach and avoidance). A total of 220 high school students engaged in shadow education answered the White-Campbell Psychological Birth Order Inventory (PBOI) and the Achievement Goal Questionnaire (AGQ). Based on the regression analysis performed, only the pairing of psychological birth order and performance-approach is significant while those of psychological birth order, mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, and performance-avoidance are not significant. Further analysis revealed that those who are psychologically firstborns tend to endorse the mastery-approach goal orientation while those who are psychologically youngest or lastborn endorses mastery-avoidance.
Age-based Analysis of the Perceptions of Aging and Successful Aging in Malaysia
Authors: Cheng Ming Yu , Low Sew Kim , Pheh Kai Shuen
Published: December 2021

Given that ageism could have detrimental effects on the aging society, knowing how people of different age groups perceive aging and successful aging is important. This study collected data from 648 respondents aged between 18 and 80 years old for an age-based analysis of the perceptions toward aging and successful aging. The findings revealed that generally, being healthy, happy, and physically active are considered important aspects of successful aging. Regardless of age, health is perceived as the most fundamental part of life. Both the psychosocial and health factors are critical aspects of successful aging. Hence, it is critical to look into the provision of better healthcare and public facilities for older adults, to find ways to reduce negative attitudes toward older people and to assist older adults to live successfully at old age.
Effects of ocean turbulence on photon orbital angular momentum quantum communication
Authors: Liu Rui-Xi , Ma Lei ,   College of Geophysics, Chengdu Univerisity of Technology, Chengdu 070801, China
Published: December 2021

The effect of the turbulent motion of ocean on the quantum communication based on the orbital angular momentum in an underwater quantum channel is studied in this work. Based on the power spectrum model of ocean turbulence proposed by Elamassie, the quantitative relationships of different ocean turbulence parameters with the single photon detection probability of orbital angular momentum photons, the channel capacity, the key generation rate, the concurrence of two entangled photons are proposed. The maximum entanglement distance of the orbital angular momentum entangled photon-pairs in the ocean turbulence is further studied by the universal entanglement decay of the concurrence of entangled photon-pairs in the ocean turbulence. The results show that the detection probability of single photon, the channel capacity, the key generation rate, and the concurrence of entangled photon-pairs decrease with the increase of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy and the decrease of the rate of dissipation of mean-squared temperature. The influence of the temperature and salinity balance parameter of ocean turbulence on the performance of underwater quantum communication are significantly different under the condition of whether the stable stratification of seawater is assumed or not. In the ocean turbulent environment, the increasing of the initial orbital angular momentum quantum number of signal photons can improve the key generation rate of quantum key distribution and the resistance of entangled photons to entanglement decay.
Defining the interactome of the human mitochondrial ribosome identifies SMIM4 and TMEM223 as respiratory chain assembly factors
Authors: Dennerlein Sven , Poerschke Sabine , Oeljeklaus Silke , Wang Cong , Richter-Dennerlein Ricarda , Sattmann Johannes , Bauermeister Diana , Hanitsch Elisa , Stoldt Stefan , Langer Thomas , Jakobs Stefan , Warscheid Bettina , Rehling Peter
Published: December 2021

Human mitochondria express a genome that encodes thirteen core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). These proteins insert into the inner membrane co-translationally. Therefore, mitochondrial ribosomes engage with the OXA1L-insertase and membrane-associated proteins, which support membrane insertion of translation products and early assembly steps into OXPHOS complexes. To identify ribosome-associated biogenesis factors for the OXPHOS system, we purified ribosomes and associated proteins from mitochondria. We identified TMEM223 as a ribosome-associated protein involved in complex IV biogenesis. TMEM223 stimulates the translation of COX1 mRNA and is a constituent of early COX1 assembly intermediates. Moreover, we show that SMIM4 together with C12ORF73 interacts with newly synthesized cytochrome b to support initial steps of complex III biogenesis in complex with UQCC1 and UQCC2. Our analyses define the interactome of the human mitochondrial ribosome and reveal novel assembly factors for complex III and IV biogenesis that link early assembly stages to the translation machinery.
Editorial: Perspectives on Nordic phonology
Authors: Vázquez-Larruscaín Miguel , Youssef Islam
Published: December 2021

In this editorial, we first offer a glimpse of the scope and traditions of studying phonology in the Nordic countries and how these are mirrored in the aims of FiNo and the topics presented at its 2020 workshop. We then summarize the individual contributions to the volume, showing how they connect nicely with an overarching frame­work, which we call ‘Autosegmental Metrical Optimality Theory’.
Origins of Bosnian humor and its role during the siege of Sarajevo
Authors: Orlov David
Published: December 2021

This article presents an ethnographic study of Bosnian humour during the siege of Sarajevo. The siege of Sarajevo, which followed the collapse of Yugoslavia, lasted four years. Despite the atrocities and war crimes committed against the residents of Sarajevo during this period, they are known for the spirit they demonstrated, and humour was a crucial element of this spirit. On the basis of two-month fieldwork in Sarajevo, I demonstrate how Bosnians employed humour to comment on this traumatic event, made sense of it, and coped with the experience. Although humour under extreme conditions is mainly viewed as a coping mechanism, by exploring the origins of Bosnian humour and stereotypes about Bosnians, I demonstrate that a notable humorous response to the traumatic events of the 1990s was more than a coping mechanism or just a response to this particular war. As I argue, a humorous attitude toward life in Bosnia belongs to people’s identity; it has developed historically as a response to the sufferings of a peripheral group in the region and, as a result, has become a cultural artifact belonging to Bosnians’ ethnic consciousness. In their attempt to preserve a sense of normalcy and restore dignity during the siege, Sarajevans continued to engage in their traditional humour, as doing otherwise would mean they had lost control over who they were.
A pragmatic analysis of humour strategies and functions in 'Jenifa's Diary' and 'Professor JohnBull'
Authors: Sunday Adesina B. , Bamgbose Ganiu A.
Published: December 2021

Studies on humour in Nigeria have been extensively carried out from the perspectives of stand-up comedy and computer-mediated communication. There is a dearth of scholarly enquiries on humour in situation comedies (sitcoms). This paper investigates humour in the interactions of characters in Jenifa’s Diary and Professor JohnBull, with a view to accounting for the manifestations of humour, the humour strategies deployed and the functions that the humorous utterances serve in the sitcoms. The work is situated in Culpeper’s Impoliteness Theory. Eight excerpts from the sitcoms were subjected to pragmatic analysis. Two discourse functions of amusing and castigating are discovered in the data. The former serves the function of facilitating discourse and changing presumed power and status, while the latter serves the function of maintaining one’s own space and autonomy, and demanding respect. Allusion, parody, retort, tease, banter and putdown are the humour techniques employed in the sitcoms. The study corroborates the claim of earlier studies that humour in every sphere of language use serves certain functions beyond the interactional need to create amusement.
Before the political cartoonist, there was the Vidusaka
Authors: Sanathanan Snehal P. , Balakrishnan Vinod
Published: December 2021

Political cartooning was one among the many cultural products that colonial rule introduced in India. This British legacy has been used to produce narratives about the nature and history of Indian cartooning. However, these narratives have, invariably, overlooked the distinctly Indian cultural ethos as well as the Indian satirical tradition. The paper proposes an alternative model by positing that in the Indian satirical tradition, the Vidusaka – the comic figure in Sanskrit drama - has been an antecedent to the political cartoonist in terms of the social and political role as well as the nature and purpose of the humour.      The paper also locates the principles of caricaturing in precolonial Indian visual arts, and presents the early vernacular cartoons as the point of convergence between the local satirical tradition and the western format of the political cartoon which laid the foundation for a modern yet specifically Indian sensibility
Both artistic and comic
Authors: Ševčík Miloš
Published: December 2021

This study examines Louis Cazamian’s considerations on the nature of humour, which were influenced by Bergson’s theory of the comic as a contrast between life and automatism and Bergson’s idea of humour as a specific type of comic linguistic transposition. In this context, the paper draws attention to the critical function of humour in Cazamian’s understanding based on his embracing of Bergson’s conception of laughter as a critique of the automation of life. However, Cazamian’s speculating diverges from Bergson’s thoughts on humour and leads to the creation of an elaborated theory. Cazamian states that humour has an artistic status and attributes characteristics to it that Bergson attributes to works of art. In contrast to Bergson, who emphasises the distinction between art and the comic, Cazamian deems humour’s critical aspect to accord with its artistic status. While humour is attributed artistic status because it suggests the multifaceted or elusive character of reality, humour’s comic character entails ridiculing the inability or unwillingness to respect that reality has a comic character.
Aplicación del derecho a no autoincriminarse en procedimientos administrativos sancionatorios: Análisis comparado de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y del Tribunal Constitucional chileno
Authors: Escobar Veas Javier
Published: December 2021

El derecho a no autoincriminarse puede entenderse como el derecho de toda persona a guardar silencio y a no ser obligada a colaborar con una investigación en su contra. Una de las principales discusiones sobre este derecho dice relación con su campo de aplicación, en particular, sobre si es posible o no reconocer su vigencia en procedimientos administrativos sancionatorios. En otras palabras, ¿tienen las personas imputadas en procedimientos administrativos sancionatorios derecho a no autoincriminarse? El presente trabajo tiene por finalidad analizar, en clave comparada, la respuesta que el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y el Tribunal Constitucional chileno han dado a la pregunta anterior, revisando la evolución y el estado actual de ambas jurisprudencias.
El libre acceso a las aguas del mar: una aproximación a su calificación jurídica y económica
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Goldenberg Juan Luis
Published: December 2021

La técnica administrativa y política que existe para regular el uso y goce las aguas del mar ha conducido a que los particulares que desean aprovecharlas se sometan a un régimen extractivo complejo, que presupone el empleo de ciertas figuras jurídicas anómalas que justificarían la adquisición de un título para su aprovechamiento. Este trabajo pretende conceptualizar jurídica y económicamente las aguas del mar para dar cuenta de la forma en que debe configurarse el régimen de su aprovechamiento extractivo, desde la idea de que se trata de recursos comunes que permiten su libre acceso.
O CONTEXTO DA VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL CONTRA CRIANÇA E A NECESSIDADE DE UMA CULTURA DE PROTEÇÃO FAMILIAR E ECLESIAL
Authors: Souza De Carli Eliane , Simão-Silva Daiane Priscila , da Silva Célia Inês , Alves da Rocha Renata Cristina , De Oliveira Houda Izabela , Badzinski Valdecir
Published: December 2021

Existe uma lacuna no que se refere ao estudo sobre quem são os autores da violência sexual (AVS) contra criança e o ambiente que ela ocorre. A compreensão destes elementos é importante na determinação de estratégias de proteção e prevenção a violência sexual infantil. Desta forma, o presente artigo intenta discutir sobre o cenário em que a violência sexual contra a criança transcorre, utilizando a cidade de Curitiba/PR no Brasil, para o estudo de caso, buscando elementos relevantes na criação de uma cultura social e eclesial de proteção e prevenção a violência. A pesquisa foi efetuada utilizando o método exploratório descritivo e quantitativo, mediante a análise documental de 76 processos criminais eletrônicos, julgados em primeira instância na Vara de Infrações Penais contra Crianças, Adolescentes e Idosos, no município de Curitiba, nos quais o AVS foi condenado em primeira instância com recurso no Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Nos 76 processos analisados a idade do AVS variou de 17 a 73 anos, com média de 42,63 anos. Quase a totalidade dos crimes avaliados foram cometidos por homens e o estudo revela que os processos são em maioria (92%) de vítimas do sexo feminino, cuja média de idade foi de 8 anos. Os dados revelam ainda que os crimes ocorrem, na maioria das vezes, em ambiente familiar, sendo praticados por pessoa próxima e da confiança da criança, das mais variadas faixas etárias. A banalidade desse mal revela a necessidade de um olhar diferenciado voltado ao AVS, não para justificá-lo, mas para combater o ato cometido a partir de sua origem, a partir de uma mudança cultural, que promova proteção à criança como valor de cuidado para com a vida.
A Study on Evaluation System of Risk Assessment at Coastal Activity Areas
Authors: Park Seon Jung , Park Seol Hwa , Seo Heui Jung , Park Seung Min
Published: December 2021

Coastal safety accidents are characterized by a high proportion of human negligence and repeated occurrences of accidents caused by the same factors. The Korea Coast Guard prepares and implements various countermeasures to prevent accidents at coastal safety accident sites. However, there is a shortage of safety facilities and safety management personnel according to the limited budget. In addition, the ability to be proactively and proactively respond is low due to the limitations of the coastal safety accident risk forecasting system, which relies on the meteorological warning of the Korea Meteorological Administration. In this study, as part of preparing the foundation for establishing a preemptive and active coastal safety management system that can manage accident-causing factors, predict and evaluate risk, and implement response and mitigation measures after an accident occurs before coastal safety accidents occur. The establishment of a risk assessment system was proposed. The main evaluation factors and indicators for risk assessment were established through the analysis of the status of coastal safety accidents. The risk assessment methodology was applied to 40 major hazardous areas designated and managed by the Korea Coast Guard.
The Analysis of Coastal Erosion and Erosion Impact Assessment in the East Coast
Authors: Park Seon Jung , Seo Heui Jung , Park Seung Min , Park Seol Hwa , Ahn Ike Jang , Seo Gyeong Sik
Published: December 2021

Various development projects occurring on the coast cause an imbalance of surface sediments, causing coastal disasters or irreversible coastal erosion. Coastal erosion caused by the influence of various port structures built through coastal development can be directly identified by evaluating changes in the sediment budget, long-shore sediment, and cross-shore sediment. In other words, it will be possible to evaluate the causality between coastal development and coastal erosion by classifying regions due to single cause and regions due to multiple causes according to the changes in the sediment classified into the three types mentioned above. In this study, the cause of long-term and continuous erosion was analyzed based on the analysis results of the coastal development history and the Coastal Erosion Monitoring targeting the coast of Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do on the east coast. In addition, in order to evaluate the degree of erosion caused by the construction of artificial coastal structures, the concept of erosion impact assessment was established, three methods were proposed for the impact assessment. The erosion impact of Hajeo port was assessed using the results of satellite image analysis presented in the Coastal Erosion Monitoring Report, it was assessed that the development of Hajeo port had an impact of 93.4% on erosion, and that of the coastal road construction had an impact of 6.6%.
Forma, elementos de acaso e indeterminação em música: uma introdução
Authors: Tavares Pedro Henrique Carneiro
Published: December 2021

O artigo introduz conceitos sobre Acaso e Indeterminação em Música, assim como Obras de Caráter Aberto. Para tal, inicia apresentando conceitos e concepções sobre Forma Musical, seguindo para Formas “Fechadas” e “Abertas”, Uso de Acaso e Indeterminação em Música, e Estratégias de Invariância. Apresenta, também, análises de exemplos musicais para ilustrar os conceitos apresentados, desta forma, complementando a explanação e facilitando a compreensão do conteúdo exposto.
Interseções da música cênica, da voz e da percussão múltipla: um olhar nas obras Toucher (Vinko Globokar), Mitos Brasileiros (Ney Rosauro) e A Dois (Tim Rescala)
Authors: Tamplenizza Cecilia , Almeida Aquim
Published: December 2021

Esse artigo aborda uma breve introdução sobre as inovações que o século XX reservou para a cena percussiva. Dentre essas inovações, estão: o advento da percussão múltipla, a música cênica para percussão e a utilização da voz, dentre outras. Essas inovações foram influenciadas pelas vanguardas artísticas, experiências que redefiniram a atuação e as possibilidades musicais e cênicas do músico percussionista. Esses aspectos são aqui discutidos a partir de uma breve exemplificação das obras Toucher (1973) de Vinko Globokar, Mitos Brasileiros (1988) de Ney Rosauro e A Dois (1992) de Tim Rescala. Nessas obras abordaremos as interseções entre a percussão múltipla, a utilização da voz e do elemento cênico. Nosso objetivo é estimular o performer percussionista a ampliar o repertório de escolhas performativas no processo de preparo da sua performance.
Análise da eficiência na utilização dos recursos públicos nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental dos municípios do Sudoeste do Paraná
Authors: Silva Manuele Ribeiro da , Valmorbida Sandra Mara Iesbik
Published: December 2021

A educação é um fator fundamental para o desenvolvimento social e econômico, cabendo ao Estado realizar a provisão e alocação dos recursos disponíveis de maneira adequada a fim de promover políticas públicas assertivas no setor. Com isso, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a eficiência na utilização dos recursos públicos destinados aos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental nas escolas públicas de responsabilidade dos quarenta e dois (42) municípios da região Sudoeste do Paraná durante os anos de 2013, 2015, 2017 e 2019. Para isto, utilizou-se a metodologia Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) com o modelo BCC e orientação a output. Como insumos foram considerados: (i) recursos financeiros; (ii) matrículas; (iii) docentes; e, (iv) escolas, e como produto, a nota alcançada por cada um dos municípios do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB). Os resultados mostraram que nos quatro períodos analisados menos de 15% dos municípios alcançaram a eficiência 1,000, concluindo que a grande maioria dos municípios do Sudoeste do Paraná não aloca seus recursos de forma eficiente, apresentando possibilidades de melhoria.
Resenha do livro: Contabilidade Financeira. Bruno Salotti, Gerlando Lima, Fernando Murcia, Mara Jane Malacrida e Renê Pimentel. São Paulo: Atlas, 2019.
Authors: SILVA FABIO PEREIRA DA
Published: December 2021

Esta resenha tem o objetivo de apresentar uma síntese das principais ideias discutidas no livro Contabilidade Financeira, dos autores Bruno Salotti, Gerlando Lima, Fernando Murcia, Mara Jane Malacrida e Renê Pimentel, lançado no ano de 2019, pela Editora Atlas.
Feminilizando sentidos sobre a natureza da ciência: por mulheres e mulheres negras rappers
Authors: De-Carvalho Roberth
Published: December 2021

Base do processo do discurso, a antecipação constitui e formula significações do feminino-epistêmico de mulheres e de mulheres negras rappers em cada Sul global. Essa revela sentidos de mundo e tomadas de posição mediadas ideologicamente nos contextos socioculturais, como: escola, universidade, coletivos feministas, e o movimento Hip Hop – em interlocução. Aforismos sobre raça/cor, sexo/gênero e natureza/cultura perfazem formações imaginárias em colonialidade, das quais essas sujeitas buscam libertar-se. Para análise, tomamos o processo de feminilização da natureza da ciência pelo feminino-epistêmico nos fazeres e dizeres dessas sujeitas. A análise de discurso franco-brasileira desvelou condições de significação na produção de conhecimentos, por outra ‘natureza da ciência’. Campo de análise instigante para o funcionamento de sentidos sobre gênero-negritude em contextos socioculturais, e outros marginalizados (ruas, guetos, favelas, periferiais), deflagramos importantes formações discursivas para a educação científica e tecnológica em pluralidades femininas.
TERMINOLOGIA E ESTRUTURA CONCEITUAL
Authors: Gomes Hagar Espanha
Published: December 2021

A introdução da terminologia para representação de assuntos, em detrimento do tradicional cabeçalho de assunto, trouxe a classificação como base para a elaboração de instrumentos semânticos de representação do conhecimento. A Teoria Geral da Terminologia de Wüster, a Teoria de Classificação analítico-sintética de Ranganathan e a Teoria do Conceito de Dahlberg têm em comum o conceito e suas relações que produzem a estrutura sistemática de um domínio, áreas em que predomina a abordagem onomasiológica. As teorias servem para a elaboração de bancos de termos inteligentes e sua aplicação em tesauros, ontologias e terminologias.
PRINCÍPIOS TEÓRICOS USADOS NA ELABORAÇÃO DE ONTOLOGIAS E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA RECUPERAÇÃO DA INFORMAÇÃO COM USO DE INFERÊNCIAS
Authors: Campos Linair Maria
Published: December 2021

Diversos instrumentos da organização do conhecimento vão refletir variadas possibilidades de recuperação da informação. Nesse contexto, as ontologias possuem um potencial diferenciado pois permitem a descoberta de conhecimento, recurso que pode ser usado para recuperar informação de forma mais flexível. Entretanto, esse potencial pode ser afetado pelos princípios teóricos adotados na elaboração da ontologia. O objetivo do presente trabalho é discutir, de maneira introdutória, de que forma um conjunto (não exaustivo) de princípios teóricos pode influenciar em um aspecto das ontologias: o seu uso para obter inferências. Nesse âmbito, discute-se em especial o papel da Teoria Conceito, de Ingetraut Dahlberg. A metodologia é de natureza exploratória, qualitativa, e do ponto de vista da técnica utiliza-se de pesquisa bibliográfica apoiada pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Utiliza ainda um pequeno exemplo de aplicação a título de prova de conceito. Como resultados apresenta-se uma discussão sobre a influência da definição conceitual em inferências por subsunção, sugerem-se aportes teóricos que devem ser usados para guiar a formação de estruturas hierárquicas em que tais inferências se apoiam, e fornecem-se exemplos de como a ausência de tais aportes pode levar a inferências equivocadas.
APLICABILIDADE DA FOLKSONOMIA NA CONSTRUÇÃO E ATUALIZAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS HÍBRIDOS DE ORGANIZAÇÃO DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Santos Raimunda Fernanda dos , Albuquerque Maria Elizabeth Baltar Carneiro de
Published: December 2021

Estuda aspectos relativos à Folksonomia e à representação colaborativa da informação em Sistemas de Recuperação da Informação. Apresenta as suas principais características, implicações positivas e negativas no processo de representação e recuperação da informação. Tem como objetivo geral analisar a aplicabilidade da Folksonomia no processo de construção e atualização de Sistemas híbridos de Organização do Conhecimento, a partir dos resultados de pesquisas nacionais e internacionais na literatura. Utiliza como metodologia as pesquisas bibliográfica, exploratória, descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Evidencia os principais contributos das ferramentas que combinam a estrutura sistematizada dos instrumentos tradicionais de representação do conhecimento à semântica latente da Folksonomia em Sistemas de Recuperação da Informação. Apresenta propostas que exploram as potencialidades da Folksonomia com o suporte dos formalismos e métodos utilizados na construção de instrumentos de controle terminológicos, descortinando novas perspectivas para auxiliar a representação e a troca de conhecimentos em ambiente web.
Cooling‐Accelerated Nanowire‐Nitinol Hybrid Muscle for Versatile Prosthetic Hand and Biomimetic Retractable Claw
Authors: Oh Saewoong , Tabassian Rassoul , Thangasamy Pitchai , Mahato Manmatha , Nguyen Van Hiep , Nam Sanghee , Huapeng Zhang , Oh Il‐Kwon
Published: December 2021

As strong and shape‐conformable as biological muscles, nitinol shape memory alloys (SMAs) artificial muscles have great merit when applied for bio‐inspired robots. However, the low bandwidth and slow actuation speed of SMAs due to their sluggish cooling have long been troublesome, limiting possible applications. Here, to expedite the cooling rate, a Cu nanowire forest is directly grown on the surfaces of 3D shaped SMA coil (SMAc) to increase the surface area by 15 times and boost thermal convection. As a result, the Cu nanowire forest grown SMA coil (CuNF‐SMAc) shows accelerated cooling compared to bare SMAc (B‐SMAc): the actuation speed of CuNF‐SMAc is 100% faster than that of bare SMAc (B‐SMAc) under natural cooling and 170% faster under forced‐air cooling. With this faster actuation, CuNF‐SMAc artificial muscles are employed in a versatile prosthetic hand to bend and flex fingers. The proposed prosthetic hand successfully demonstrates a series of sign language within 4 s for each letter, and rhythmically plays a grand piano. Moreover, unique retractable feline claws are mimicked which demonstrate a fully tunable frictional force just like how cats do it, expanding the potential of a cooling‐accelerated SMAc artificial muscle.
Long‐Term Recruitment of Endogenous M2 Macrophages by Platelet Lysate‐Rich Plasma Macroporous Hydrogel Scaffold for Articular Cartilage Defect Repair
Authors: Pan Xiaoyun , Yuan Shanshan , Xun Xiaojie , Fan Zhiyuan , Xue Xinghe , Zhang Changhuan , Wang Jilong , Deng Junjie
Published: December 2021

After cartilage damage, a large number of monocytes/macrophages infiltrate into adjacent synovium and the resident macrophages in synovial tissue transform to activated macrophages (M1), which secrete pro‐inflammatory cytokines to induce sustained inflammation and chondrocyte apoptotic. However, current clinical therapies for cartilage repair can rarely achieve long‐term anti‐inflammatory regulation and satisfactory outcomes. Herein, a platelet lysate‐rich plasma macroporous hydrogel (PLPMH) scaffold with around 100 µm pore size and 1.25 MPa Young's modulus is developed to sustainedly recruit and polarize endogenous anti‐inflammatory macrophages (M2) for improving cartilage defect repair. PLPMH scaffold can steadily release sphingosine1‐phosphate and proteins via gradual degradation, thus inducing M2 macrophages migration or resting (M0) macrophages migration and then polarization to M2 phenotype, and improving the secretion of anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, PLPMH scaffold exhibits negligible inflammatory responses in vivo and promotes endogenous M2 macrophage infiltration in large numbers and long‐time duration to provide a local anti‐inflammatory microenvironment, which even lasts for 42 d. In a rabbit model of cartilage defect, PLPMH scaffold increases the ratio of M2 macrophages and improves cartilage tissue regeneration. These studies support that PLPMH scaffold may have a great potential in articular cartilage tissue engineering by providing an anti‐inflammatory and pro‐regenerative microenvironment.
Differential Polymer Chain Scission Enables Free‐Standing Microcavity Laser Arrays
Authors: Dong Haiyun , Zhang Chunhuan , Zhou Wu , Yao Jiannian , Zhao Yong Sheng
Published: December 2021

Control over material architectures is essential to the performance of photonic devices and systems. Optical isolation of the photonic materials from substrates can significantly enhance their performance but suffers from complicated fabrication processes and limited applications. Here a differential polymer chain scission strategy is proposed to fabricate free‐standing photonic structures based on one‐step electron‐beam direct writing on polymer bilayers (EOB). The polymer molecular mass‐dependent sensitivity to electron beam enables differential patterning of the two layers of polymers, leading to the direct formation of suspended optical microcavities. The EOB technique features high materials compatibility and design flexibility for the optical microcavities, which significantly expands the application scope of the suspended optical microcavities. As well as providing a versatile strategy for building high‐performance photonic materials, the results provide a promising platform for innovative applications of optical microstructures.
Reverse‐Engineered Highly Conformable, Leak and Pressure Reducing Cushion for Neonatal Resuscitation Mask
Authors: McGann Carolyn M. , Lee Young‐Joo , Kim Se‐Um , Weinberg Danielle D. , Zha Xincheng , Huber Matthew , Hast Michael W. , Dear Kayley , Nadkarni Vinay , Foglia Elizabeth E. , Yang Shu
Published: December 2021

A significant proportion of newborn infants need facemask assisted resuscitation to start breathing successfully after birth. Positive pressure ventilation (PPV) is the most important intervention yet often impeded by facemask leak. A conformable, tacky silica gel that can be attached to the mask as a cushion is developed through reverse engineering. Finite element simulation reveals that the cushion forms a completely sealed interface while the mask alone without cushion has many potential leak sites. Since the cushion material is 20 times softer than the facial tissue, most deformation occurs in the cushion when applied, resulting in a fivefold lower contact pressure than using a conventional mask only. In a simulation trial with a realistic preterm manikin, the median mask leak for PPV inflations using the cushion is 15%, three times lower compared to that using the conventional mask alone, 44%. The median time to achieve leak‐free is 16 s with the mask cushion, five times faster than that with standard mask, 81 s, allowing for more effective ventilation. This study offers promising insights on how the design of a 3D‐contoured, soft silicone gel as the interface between a mask and a face can significantly improve neonatal resuscitation performance.
3D Printed Materials in Water Treatment Applications
Authors: Ghosal Pranjal , Gupta Bramha , Ambekar Rushikesh S. , Rahman Muhammad M. , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Aich Nirupam , Gupta Ashok Kumar , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar
Published: December 2021

Water is one of the basic needs and vital concerns for human beings. As the world's population increases, our water resources become significantly stressed, not in terms of volume of water, but in terms of quality. Therefore, various water treatment processes such as filtration, adsorption, photocatalysis, and electrolysis are utilized based on the nature of contaminants present in water. 3D printing (3DP) manifests divergent development in different industries and scholastic research. Professionals from various sectors are utilizing the 3DP technique over conventional ones because it is more affordable, user‐friendly, and capable to manufacture complex structures rapidly with minimum wastage. This review summarizes the potential evolution, important outcomes of relevant research work, and future perspectives along with suggestions regarding the function of 3D printed material for water treatment applications. It is observed that a 3D printed spacer with modified geometry shows better antifouling ability than conventional ones. Furthermore, 3D printed materials with tunable properties such as surface area, thickness, and roughness enhance the removal efficiency for heavy metals, oil, and organic matter from water compared to standard treatment techniques.
A Simple, Scalable, Low‐Cost Honeycomb‐Like Carbonized Corncob for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Chen Yuchao , Sha Changchang , Yu Yihao , Wang Wenju
Published: December 2021

Direct solar steam generation (DSSG) is currently one of the most promising desalination methods due to its high energy conversion efficiency. The key element of DSSG is solar thermal conversion materials (STCMs), which absorb incoming solar illumination owing to their excellent solar absorption and convert light to heat. Although many types of STCMs have been applied to DSSG, there are still some existing problems such as complex preparation, high cost, and low energy conversion efficiency. In this work, carbonized corncob, as an example of inexpensive agricultural waste, is prepared as a STCM, which has porous honeycomb‐like pores, and hydrophilic functional groups, ensuring sufficient water transportation. Different pyrolytic temperatures lead to different size pores, content of amorphous carbon, and amount of oxygen functional groups, which affect the water transportation efficiency and light‐to‐heat conversion efficiency. Benefiting from developed pores, 95.7% solar absorption and thick‐hole wall, the carbonized corncob pyrolyzed at 800 °C reaches a solar‐to‐steam conversion efficiency of 86%, and its water evaporation rate is 1.62 kg m–2 h–1, higher than most biomass reported so far. Using cost‐effective materials and methods to carry out efficient photothermal conversion is of great significance for the realization of practical seawater desalination and sewage treatment.
Tunable Current Regulative Diode Based on Van der Waals Stacked MoS2/WSe2 Heterojunction–Channel Field‐Effect Transistor
Authors: Liu Liwei , Liu Chunsen , Huang Xiaohe , Zeng Senfeng , Tang ZhaoWu , Zhang David Wei , Zhou Peng
Published: December 2021

Field‐effect transistors (FETs) are the main building block of microelectronic devices. For most of the FETs, the conduction channel relies on either n‐type or p‐type semiconductor materials. Recent advances in 2D materials offer an opportunity to form van der Waals heterojunction‐based FETs with novel electrical performance. Here, a MoS2/WSe2 heterojunction–channel FET using h‐BN as insulating layer and Cr/Au metal as the gate, is demonstrated. Two asymmetric Schottky contacts are formed at both sides of MoS2, WSe2 due to electron tunneling effects, work function differences, and Fermi level pinning. Benefiting from that, the authors observe a forward current regulating diode behavior, where the drain current remains unchanged regardless of the drain voltage (VDS) fluctuations and can be modulated by the gate voltage, atmosphere temperature, vacuum pressure, and h‐BN layer thickness. In addition, under higher VDS, heterojunction–channel breakdown induced by the Fowler–Nordheim (F–N) tunneling at the WSe2/h‐BN/metal region, is observed. Furthermore, the transistor demonstrates a reverse rectification behavior with onset voltage linearly depending on the temperature (3 mV T−1). This work paves the way for the potential application of heterojunction–channel FETs for high‐performance current regulator and current rectifier.
Probing the Spin Hall Characteristics of W/CoFeB/MgO Based Heterostructures for Spin‐Orbit Torque Based Magnetic Random Access Memory Application
Authors: Ghosh Abhijit , Chung Hong Jing , Khoo Khoong Hong , Shanmugam Janaki , Qiu Jinjun , Allauddin Salauddeen , Lim Sze Ter
Published: December 2021

In this work, the spin Hall characteristics of W/CoFeB/MgO have been systematically studied to provide an in‐depth insight for the optimization of the SOT‐MRAM channel. The bcc and β phases of tungsten (W) are identified clearly from XRD and resistivity studies, which shows marked impact on the electrical characteristics. Moreover, the same is found have tremendous affect on W's spin Hall characteristics with a twelvefold increase of the spin Hall angle ΘSH. The evaluation of W/CoFeB interfacial spin mixing conductance using ab initio studies shows good coherency with the same evaluated experimentally, which is used to estimate interfacial spin transparencyT</>to accurately evaluate intrinsic spin Hall conductivity σSHof W. The findings equivocate for a strong claim on β‐W's σSHto be around−0.23 ∓ 0.03, addressing the ongoing discrepancy. Increasing boron concentration in (Co1Fe3)100−xBxand thermal annealing temperature are found to reduceΘSHeffectively which is inferred to boron diffusion toward W. Alloying of W with Ta does not necessarily enhanceΘSH, for which very optimized relative concentration and the alloy growth phase is critical. The findings can significantly contribute to the ongoing SOT‐MRAM development for achieving various means of control for improvement in the device characteristics.
On the choice of mesoscale drag markers
Authors: Tian Yujie , Geng Jingwei , Wang Wei
Published: December 2021

Multiscale simulations of fluidized beds should account for the effect of sub‐grid structures on drag. How to extract the features of these structures in the form of proper finite quantities, namely markers, has posed great challenges in mesoscale drag modeling. The choice of markers has seldom been investigated in terms of their rationality and adequacy. This article introduces a two‐step scheme that is applied in the classic experimental approach to reflect on the choice of markers. The steady‐state definitional relations of the drag correction factor are deduced from force balance equations, with emphasis on the difference between definitional relations and constitutive relations. A comparison between common drag models obtained from fine‐grid simulations and corresponding definitional relations shows that the challenge in developing a general mesoscale drag model cannot be circumvented by correlating the heterogeneity index or drift velocity with the solid volume fraction, slip velocity, and gas‐phase pressure gradient.
Cost‐efficient modeling of distributed molar mass and topological variations in graft copolymer synthesis by upgrading the method of moments
Authors: Wu Yi‐Yang , Figueira Freddy L. , Edeleva Mariya , Van Steenberge Paul H. M. , D'hooge Dagmar R. , Zhou Yin‐Ning , Luo Zheng‐Hong
Published: December 2021

Cost‐efficient deterministic method of moments solvers, as widely used to calculate average characteristics of chemical processes driven by population variations (e.g., average chain lengths), can be a posteriori extended with approximated solutions delivering distributed properties (e.g., chain length distributions). However, these solutions are rarely verified, specifically for complex systems with many population members and strong coupling, as is the case for industrially relevant free‐radical‐induced grafting (FRIG) toward graft copolymer (GC) synthesis with monomer unit dependent reactions. FRIG, as studied in the present work with polybutadiene at low styrene conversions, is an important chemical process, for example, the production of compatibilizers and high‐impact materials. Deterministic model validation is uniquely performed by benchmarking the low to medium molar mass (MM) results (29 topologies) in the log‐molar mass distribution with detailed matrix‐based kinetic Monte Carlo simulation output, inherently capable of mapping distributions. The GC product is identified to be a heterogeneous mixture in MM, chemical composition, and molecular topology at any styrene conversion. The molecular structural evolution during GC synthesis is further theoretically related to both one‐dimensional size‐exclusion chromatography (1D‐SEC) and two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (2D‐LC) analysis. It is shown that conventional SEC—even in the absence of broadening—is insufficient for GC separation, mainly due to the unavoidable coelution of topologically different GC species. In any case, the parallel running of advanced modeling tools allows for detailed molecular interpretation.
Efficacy of virtual and asynchronous teaching of computer‐assisted diagnosis of genetic diseases seen in clinics
Authors: Hash Mary Grace , Walker Philip D. , Laferriere Heather E. , Melton Leeanna , Heller Lauren S. , Phillips John A.
Published: December 2021

We studied if clinicians could gain sufficient working knowledge of a computer‐assisted diagnostic decision support system (DDSS) (SimulConsult), to make differential diagnoses (DDx) of genetic disorders. We hypothesized that virtual training could be convenient, asynchronous, and effective in teaching clinicians how to use a DDSS. We determined the efficacy of virtual, asynchronous teaching for clinicians to gain working knowledge to make computer‐assisted DDx. Our study consisted of three surveys (Baseline, Training, and After Use) and a series of case problems sent to clinicians at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. All participants were able to generate computer‐assisted DDx that achieved passing scores of the case problems. Between 75% and 92% agreed/completely agreed the DDSS was useful to their work and for clinical decision support and was easy to use. Participants' use of the DDSS resulted in statistically significant time savings in key tasks and in total time spent on clinical tasks. Our results indicate that virtual, asynchronous teaching can be an effective format to gain a working knowledge of a DDSS, and its clinical use could result in significant time savings across multiple tasks as well as facilitate synergistic interaction between clinicians and lab specialists. This approach is especially pertinent and offers value amid the COVID‐19 pandemic.