bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bottom Contact 100 nm Channel‐Length α‐In2Se3 In‐Plane Ferroelectric Memory
Authors: Miao Shurong , Nitta Ryosuke , Izawa Seiichiro , Majima Yutaka
Published: August 2023

Owing to the emerging trend of non‐volatile memory and data‐centric computing, the demand for more functional materials and efficient device architecture at the nanoscale is becoming stringent. To date, 2D ferroelectrics are cultivated as channel materials in field‐effect transistors for their retentive and switchable dipoles and flexibility to be compacted into diverse structures and integration for intensive production. This study demonstrates the in‐plane (IP) ferroelectric memory effect of a 100 nm channel‐length 2D ferroelectric semiconductor α‐In2Se3 stamped onto nanogap electrodes on Si/SiO2 under a lateral electric field. As α‐In2Se3 forms the bottom contact of the nanogap electrodes, a large memory window of 13 V at drain voltage between ±6.5 V and the on/off ratio reaching 103 can be explained by controlled IP polarization. Furthermore, the memory effect is modulated by the bottom gate voltage of the Si substrate due to the intercorrelation between IP and out‐of‐plane (OOP) polarization. The non‐volatile memory characteristics including stable retention lasting 17 h, and endurance over 1200 cycles suggest a wide range of memory applications utilizing the lateral bottom contact structure.
Incentive programs promote cover crop adoption in the northeastern United States
Authors: Chami Barbara , Niles Meredith T. , Parry Stephen , Mirsky Steven B. , Ackroyd Victoria J. , Ryan Matthew R.
Published: August 2023

Farmers are increasingly planting cover crops to improve soil health and provide other ecosystem services. Cover crop incentive programs in Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and Vermont were compared and farmers using cover crops were surveyed (n = 328) to characterize program participants and assess the effects of programs on cover crop adoption. Farmers who participated in incentive programs differed from nonparticipants in their perspectives about incentive programs, challenges they faced using cover crops, and reasons for cover crop use. When averaged across farmers, results show that incentive programs doubled average farmer cropland with cover crops from 50.7 ha prior to participation to 101.0 ha during participation. Among participants who no longer were enrolled in a program, cover crop use remained on average 37.2% greater than before enrollment. Results highlight the role of incentive programs in facilitating adoption and provide insights for expanding participation to different farmers and increasing program impact.
Equilibrium or Non‐Equilibrium – Implications for the Performance of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Scheunemann Dorothea , Göhler Clemens , Tormann Constantin , Vandewal Koen , Kemerink Martijn
Published: August 2023

With power conversion efficiencies approaching 20%, organic solar cells can no longer be considered the ugly duckling of photovoltaics. Successes notwithstanding, there is still a need for further improvement of organic solar cells, both regarding energy and current management in these devices. At present, there are different and mutually exclusive interpretation schemes for the associated losses of energy and charge, hampering the rational design of next generations of organic solar cells. One critical factor that affects voltage, current, and fill factor losses is whether or not photogenerated charges are effectively near or far away from thermodynamic equilibrium. While it is commonly agreed that both the vibronic and (disordered) energetic structure of organic semiconductors affect the solar cell characteristics, the degree to which deviations from near‐equilibrium population of the associated energy level distributions matter for the photovoltaic performance is unclear: near‐equilibrium as well as kinetic descriptions have provided seemingly convincing descriptions of a wide range of experiments. Here, the most important concepts in relation to experimental results are reviewed, open questions are addressed and implications for device performance and improvement are highlighted.
Polyhedral Coordination Determined Co‐O Activity for Electrochemical Oxidation of Biomass Alcohols
Authors: Xi Ning , Zang Yanmei , Sun Xiaowen , Yu Jiayuan , Johnsson Mats , Dai Ying , Sang Yuanhua , Liu Hong , Yu Xiaowen
Published: August 2023

Earth‐abundant transition metal oxides are promising electrocatalysts for oxidation of biomass alcohols. Here, CoO and Co3O4 are selected as representative cobalt oxide catalysts and grown on carbon fiber paper (CFP) electrodes to reveal the interplay between electronic structure and catalytic activity of catalysts for oxidation of glycerol, diols, and monohydric alcohols. In situ electrochemical tests elucidate that the CoO/CFP electrode has lower interfacial impedance, higher charge transfer, faster oxidation rate, and thereby the higher catalytic activity for alcohol oxidation than the Co3O4/CFP electrode. Especially for glycerol oxidation, the CoO/CFP electrode only requires 1.32 V to reach 10 mA cm−2, the potential is 120 mV lower than that for the Co3O4/CFP electrode. The CoO/CFP electrode can also produce value‐added products such as formate, acetate, and glycolate with high selectivity and efficiency at low energy consumptions from oxidation of biomass alcohols. Theoretical calculations further confirm the dominant role of octahedrally coordinated Co‐O sites in adsorption, activation, and oxidation of C3‐C1 alcohols. This work sheds light on the design of highly efficient transition metal oxide catalysts for oxidation of alcohols by populating octahedral sites in the crystal structure.
Synergistic Co─Ir/Ru Composite Electrocatalysts Impart Efficient and Durable Oxygen Evolution Catalysis in Acid
Authors: Chong Lina , Wen Jianguo , Song Erhong , Yang Zhenzhen , Bloom Ira D. , Ding Wenjiang
Published: August 2023

Exploring highly active and robust catalysts, which have low precious metal content, to boost the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key concern for hydrogen production via proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Here, rational engineering of the morphology and the local geometric ligand environment of Ir and Ru catalysts are presented by using defect‐rich, lanthanum‐ and lithium‐doped Co3O4 nanofiber (LLCF) as substrate that promotes the electrocatalytic OER. Two catalysts, IrCoOx@LLCF and RuCoOx@LLCF, achieve mass activities of 1013.5 A gIr−1 and 1911.4 A gRu−1 in 0.1 m HClO4 at 300 mV overpotential, respectively, which are 26 and 50 times higher than that of commercial IrO2 and RuO2. Operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy unveils the reversible structure of IrCoOx during the OER and the suppression of over‐oxidation of Co and Ir, giving rise to high stability. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the local geometric ligand engineering optimizes the binding of oxygenated species to the active sites, resulting in strongly enhanced catalytic activity.
Cowpea residue management effect on productivity of subsequent millet in a legume‐cereal crop rotation
Authors: Tine Sidy , Faye Aliou , Obour Augustine K. , Diouf Doudou , Ndiaye Junior Bruno Mbar , Lo Mouhamadan , Akplo Tobi Moriaque , Ndiaye Saliou , Assefa Yared
Published: August 2023

Growing cowpea (Vigna unguiculate (L) Walp) in rotation with millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) can increase millet productivity through biological nitrogen fixation. However, in Senegal, legume crop residues are generally removed for livestock feed, and little information exists on how burying the residue instead of removal affects the subsequent crop yield. This study assessed the productivity of cowpea varieties and evaluated prior cowpea residue management effect on grain and biomass yield of millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br) in rotation. Experiments were conducted in the National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) of Bambey in Senegal from 2020 to 2022. Treatments include 20 cowpea varieties, two fertilizer rates, and cowpea residue management practices (residue removal vs. burying) in a split‐split plot arrangement. Results showed that fertilizer and variety had significant effect on grain and fodder yields of cowpea. Cowpea fodder nutrient concentrations differed by variety, and the superior cowpea variety, 66‐35F, in nutrient concentration in this study had a 2.8‐0.45‐0.82% N‐P‐K. Applying fertilizer to previous cowpea crop increased millet grain yield by 63% compared to millet yield following previous non‐fertilized cowpea plots. Furthermore, incorporation of cowpea residue prior to millet planting increased millet yield by 40% compared with the removal of cowpea biomass in 2020 but had no significant effect in 2021. In general, the amount of cowpea biomass buried had significant positive relationship with millet grain yield. Across years, millet grain yield increased by 0.16 kg ha−1 for each kilogram per hectare increase in cowpea biomass buried prior to millet planting. Results showed that a minimum of 1500 kg ha−1 cowpea buried biomass was required to increase the probability of millet grain yield above 1000 kg ha−1. We concluded that the previous year's cowpea residue burial and fertilizer management improved productivity of the rotational millet crop.
Total neoadjuvant therapy improves survival of patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement
Authors: Akahori Takahiro , Terai Taichi , Nagai Minako , Nakamura Kota , Kohara Yuichiro , Yasuda Satoshi , Matsuo Yasuko , Doi Shunsuke , Sakata Takeshi , Sho Masayuki
Published: August 2023

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer with arterial involvement (BR‐A) pancreatic cancer.

Methods

We analyzed 81 patients initially diagnosed as BR‐A who received initial treatments between 2007 and 2021. Among them, 18 patients who received upfront surgery were classified as the UFS group, while 30 patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were classified as the NACRT group. Furthermore, 33 patients who planned to receive a combination treatment of over 6 months of systemic chemotherapies followed by chemoradiotherapy before surgery were classified as the TNT group.

Results

There were no significant differences in the patients’ backgrounds between the three groups at the time of initial treatment. The resection rates of the UFS, NACRT, and TNT groups were 89%, 77%, and 67%, respectively. NACRT had no impact on the prognosis compared to upfront surgery. In sharp contrast, the TNT group had a significantly better prognosis compared to the other groups, especially after pancreatic resection. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TNT and resection were independent prognostic factors for the patients of BR‐A.

Conclusion

TNT can be a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with BR‐A.
Toward understanding the cross‐linking from molecular chains to aggregates by engineering terminals of supramolecular hyperbranched polysiloxane
Authors: Zhang Yuanbo , Yuan Junshan , Hu Jingzhi , Tian Zhixuan , Feng Weixu , Yan Hongxia
Published: August 2023

Crosslinking thermosets with hyperbranched polymers confers them superior comprehensive performance. However, it still remains a further understanding of polymer crosslinking from the molecular chains to the role of aggregates. In this study, three hyperbranched polysiloxane structures (HBPSi‐R) are synthesized as model macromolecules, each featuring distinct terminal groups (R denotes amino, epoxy, and vinyl groups) while similar molecular backbone (Si‐O‐C). These structures were subsequently copolymerized with epoxy monomers to construct interpenetrating HBPSi‐R/epoxy/anhydride co‐polymer systems. The spatial molecular configuration and flexible Si‐O‐C branches of HBPSi‐R endow them with remarkable reinforcement and toughening effects. Notably, an optimum impact strength of 28.9 kJ mol−1 is achieved with a mere 3% loading of HBPSi‐V, nearly three times that of the native epoxy (12.9 kJ mol−1). By contrasting the terminal effects, the aggregation states and crosslinking modes were proposed, thus clarifying the supramolecular‐dominant aggregation mechanism and covalent‐dominant dispersion mechanism, which influences the resulting material properties. This work underscores the significance of aggregate science in comprehending polymer crosslinking and provides theoretical insights for tailoring material properties at a refined molecular level in the field of polymer science.
Robust generation of monodisperse droplets using a microfluidic step emulsification device with triangular nozzle
Authors: Lu Yue , Liu Xuyun , Liu Xiangdong , Chen Yongping
Published: August 2023

In this work, the droplet generation process in the microfluidic step emulsification chip with a triangular nozzle (SE‐T) was investigated in the combination of visualization experiment and numerical simulation, through a comparison with a rectangular nozzle (SE‐R). The flow regimes, including dripping, dripping‐jetting transition, and jetting, were observed in the SE‐T, among which the dripping is the preferred flow regime to generate monodispersed droplet with corresponding C.V. (coefficient of variation) of the droplet size smaller than 1.9%. Compared with the SE‐R, the larger space and expanding structure of the triangular nozzle in the SE‐T enhance the wall wetting effects, which induces earlier appearance and accelerates shrinking of the neck. As a result, the SE‐T exhibits more robust droplet performance under the dripping regime, which produces the droplets with nearly unchanged size and higher monodispersity, especially little related to the variations of surfactant concentrations and dispersed phase flow rates.
Optimization of diagnostic and procedural codes to identify patients with acute invasive fungal sinusitis
Authors: Munyemana Marie‐Ange , Ahmed Omar G. , Takashima Mas , Dhanda Aatin K. , Tang Dennis , Wu Arthur , Wu Matthew J. , Kallogjeri Dorina , Piccirillo Jay F. , Roland Lauren T.
Published: August 2023

Key Points

Acute invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is a rare disease with high mortality

There is no designated International Classification of Diseases code for IFS

We propose a novel method to identify IFS using optimized codes complemented by medications
Primary ciliary dyskinesia: An update on contemporary diagnosis
Authors: Chaskes Mark B. , Lopez Erin Mamuyac , Kong K. Albert , Ebert Charles S. , Senior Brent A. , Thorp Brian D. , Kimple Adam J.
Published: August 2023

Key Points

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a complex diagnosis without a universal diagnostic test

Clinicians must have some skepticism of historic diagnoses of PCD

Clinicians should consider a diagnosis of PCD in patients with recalcitrant disease
Transcriptional risk scores in Alzheimer's disease: From pathology to cognition
Authors: Pyun Jung‐Min , Park Young Ho , Wang Jiebiao , Bennett David A. , Bice Paula J. , Kim Jun Pyo , Kim SangYun , Saykin Andrew J. , Nho Kwangsik
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION

Our previously developed blood‐based transcriptional risk scores (TRS) showed associations with diagnosis and neuroimaging biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we developed brain‐based TRS.

METHODS

We integrated AD genome‐wide association study summary and expression quantitative trait locus data to prioritize target genes using Mendelian randomization. We calculated TRS using brain transcriptome data of two independent cohorts (N = 878) and performed association analysis of TRS with diagnosis, amyloidopathy, tauopathy, and cognition. We compared AD classification performance of TRS with polygenic risk scores (PRS).

RESULTS

Higher TRS values were significantly associated with AD, amyloidopathy, tauopathy, worse cognition, and faster cognitive decline, which were replicated in an independent cohort. The AD classification performance of PRS was increased with the inclusion of TRS up to 16% with the area under the curve value of 0.850.

DISCUSSION

Our results suggest brain‐based TRS improves the AD classification of PRS and may be a potential AD biomarker.

Highlights

Transcriptional risk score (TRS) is developed using brain RNA‐Seq data.

Higher TRS values are shown in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

TRS improves the AD classification power of PRS up to 16%.

TRS is associated with AD pathology presence.

TRS is associated with worse cognitive performance and faster cognitive decline.
Platelet factor 4 induces bone loss by inhibiting the integrin α5‐FAK‐ERK pathway
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Qiwei , Gu Ranli , Zeng Lijun , Liu Hao
Published: August 2023

Background

The effect of platelet factor 4 (PF4) on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and osteoporosis is poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of PF4‐triggered bone destruction in mice and determine the underlying mechanism.

Methods

First, in vitro cell proliferation and cell cycle of BMMSCs were assessed using a CCK8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Osteogenic differentiation was confirmed using staining and quantification of alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S. Next, an osteoporotic mouse model was established by performing bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). Furthermore, the PF4 concentrations were obtained using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The bone microarchitecture of the femur was evaluated using microCT and histological analyses. Finally, the key regulators of osteogenesis and pathways were investigated using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting.

Results

Human PF4 widely and moderately decreased the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation ability of BMMSCs. Furthermore, the levels of PF4 in the serum and bone marrow were generally increased, whereas bone microarchitecture deteriorated due to OVX. Moreover, in vivo mouse PF4 supplementation triggered bone deterioration of the femur. In addition, several key regulators of osteogenesis were downregulated, and the integrin α5‐focal adhesion kinase‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ITGA5‐FAK‐ERK) pathway was inhibited due to PF4 supplementation.

Conclusions

PF4 may be attributed to OVX‐induced bone loss triggered by the suppression of bone formation in vivo and alleviate BMMSC osteogenic differentiation by inhibiting the ITGA5‐FAK‐ERK pathway.
A Microporous Hydrogen Bonded Organic Framework for Highly Selective Separation of Carbon Dioxide over Acetylene
Authors: Li Yunbin , Wang Xue , Zhang Hao , He Lei , Huang Jiali , Wei Wuji , Yuan Zhen , Xiong Zhile , Chen Huadan , Xiang Shengchang , Chen Banglin , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: August 2023

The separation of acetylene (C2H2) from carbon dioxide (CO2) is a very important but challenging task due to their similar molecular dimensions and physical properties. In terms of porous adsorbents for this separation, the CO2‐selective porous materials are superior to the C2H2‐selective ones because of the cost‐ and energy‐efficiency but have been rarely achieved. Herein we report our unexpected discovery of the first hydrogen bonded organic framework (HOF) constructed from a simple organic linker 2,4,6‐tri(1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)pyridine (PYTPZ) (termed as HOF‐FJU‐88) as the highly CO2‐selective porous material. HOF‐FJU‐88 is a two‐dimensional HOFs with a pore pocket of about 7.6 Å. The activated HOF‐FJU‐88 takes up a high amount of CO2 (59.6 cm3 g−1) at ambient conditions with the record IAST selectivity of 1894. Its high performance for the CO2/C2H2 separation has been further confirmed through breakthrough experiments, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and molecular simulations.
Separating Xylene Isomers with a Calcium Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Yu Liang , Zhang Jian , Ullah Saif , Yao Jinze , Luo Haoyuan , Huang Jiajin , Xia Qibin , Thonhauser Timo , Li Jing , Wang Hao
Published: August 2023

The purification of p‐xylene (pX) from its xylene isomers represents a challenging but important industrial process. Herein, we report the efficient separation of pX from its ortho‐ and meta‐ isomers by a microporous calcium‐based metal–organic framework material (HIAM‐203) with a flexible skeleton. At 30 °C, all three isomers are accommodated but the adsorption kinetics of o‐xylene (oX) and m‐xylene (mX) are substantially slower than that of pX, and at an elevated temperature of 120 °C, oX and mX are fully excluded while pX can be adsorbed. Multicomponent column breakthrough measurements and vapor‐phase/liquid‐phase adsorption experiments have demonstrated the capability of HIAM‐203 for efficient separation of xylene isomers. Ab initio calculations have provided useful information for understanding the adsorption mechanism.
Synthesis and characterization of polymeric composites with Cascabela thevetia incorporated zinc nanoparticles: Food packaging applications
Authors: Rajamani Shwetarani , Gani Ramesh , Raghu Shamprasad Varija , Kudva Avinash , Hiremath Murigendra , Kavital Apsara , Ramanath Nityasree , Nasalapure Anand
Published: August 2023

Background

Most food packaging materials are non‐biodegradable and do not protect against microbial growth. In the present study, we have synthesized and characterized environmentally friendly packaging material using nanotechnology.

Objective

Cascabela thevetia incorporated zinc nanoparticles and PVP/KC blended films of various ratios were synthesized using the solvent casting method. The nanoparticles were tested for their physical and chemical properties. The antimicrobial activity of films and an in vivo toxicity studies were performed using Drosophila as a model system.

Results

The thickness of blend films increases as the concentration of nanoparticles is enhanced. The UV–visible spectra of prepared ZnO nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance wavelength (λmax) at 360–380 nm. The nanocomposite films' TS and EB and Y were also increased. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis suggested that all the films were homogenous, crack‐free, and possessed continuous bubble‐free surfaces. FT‐IR results showed chemical interaction between PVP/KC and Zinc oxide nanoparticles. Fifth sample showed greater antibacterial activity. A toxicity study showed that the flies survived >92% in all the samples up to 10 days of continuous feeding, which signifies that the material has low toxicity.

Conclusion

Nanocomposite films can be used as antimicrobial food packaging material to enhance the shelf‐life of food.
Design and multilevel structuring of shape memory polymers for pleochroism control
Authors: Kondratov Alexander P. , Nikolaev Alexander A. , Nazarov Victor G. , Vereshchagin Vladislav Y. , Volinsky Alex A.
Published: August 2023

Brands and products counterfeiting, and falsification are global problems for the development and distribution of high‐tech industrial and food products, which affect world economies. One way to solve these problems is to develop original packaging with protection elements and labeling against counterfeiting, which excludes the possibility of replication and forgery by printing or other methods. The most reliable way to protect packaging from counterfeiting is the use of new materials with unique optical properties and constantly updated technologies for packaging manufacturing and labeling. This paper proposes a new multi‐level technology for the design, manufacture and hidden labeling of polymer packaging made from several layers of transparent polymer films. The design and marking of the multilayer films are combined with perforation, thermal treatment and heat sealing of the package. The reliability of the proposed markings is based on the characterization of optical pleochroism effects in transparent multilayer polymer materials with shape memory. The thermomechanical and optical properties of films made of bulk thermoplastics (polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene) were characterized in polarized light. The modification and combination of these films provide a high color difference and sufficient contrast of hidden markings, allowing to identify genuine products by bar codes formed from shape memory films in sealing seams of flexible polymer packaging.
Safety and quality evaluations of liquid milk and infant formula products in China in 2022
Authors: Meng Lu , Zheng Nan , Gao Yanan , Liu Huimin , Wang Jiaqi
Published: August 2023

Milk serves two nutritional functions: it provides nutrition while also maintaining a healthy intestinal microenvironment. Thus, the safety and quality of milk products are critical for consumers' health. To evaluate liquid milk and infant formula products in China, we analyzed nine indices of 294 batches of pasteurized milk (PM), 92 batches of ultra‐high temperature milk (UHT), and 20 batches of infant formula milk powder (IF) collected from 21 provinces in 2022. All PM, UHT, and IF samples were satisfactory concerning aflatoxin M1 contamination, contamination by heavy metals, and residues of veterinary drugs and pesticides. The contents of lactoferrin, α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin, furosine, and lactulose in the majority of samples met the group standards. Moreover, the contents of lactoferrin, α‐lactalbumin, and β‐lactoglobulin were higher in PM than in UHT, while furosine and lactulose contents showed the opposite trend. The findings concerning the safety and quality of milk products in China provide important insights to aid consumer preferences for milk products.
Solid Electrolyte Interphase Architecture for a Stable Li‐electrolyte Interface
Authors: Pan Yue , Zhang Ying
Published: August 2023

Li metal anode has attracted extensive attention as the state‐of‐the‐art anode material for rechargeable batteries. It is defined as the ultimate anode material for the high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g−1) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode). However, the uncontrolled Li dendrites and the spontaneous side reactions between Li and electrolytes hinder its commercialization. To overcome these obstacles, the optimized solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with excellent performance was proposed by the artificial method. The improved performance includes high stability, ionic conductivity, compactness, and flexibility. In this review, the strategies for artificial SEI engineering in liquid and solid electrolytes are summarized. To fabricate an ideal artificial SEI, the component, distribution, and structure should be fully and reasonably considered. This review will also provide perspectives for the SEI design and lay a foundation for the future research and development of Li metal batteries.
Randomized, controlled trial of a mixed early start Denver model for toddlers and preschoolers with autism
Authors: Yang Yanyan , Wang Hongan , Xu Haiping , Yao Meiling , Yu Dongchuan
Published: August 2023

The early start Denver model (ESDM) has been extensively studied as a promising early intervention approach for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Various methodological drawbacks from earlier ESDM investigations must be rectified to expand the application scopes. For this purpose, the present study recruited a very large sample of 249 autistic children (aged 24–47 months), and used a randomized controlled design to compare outcomes from a mixed ESDM (M‐ESDM) intervention with a mixed discrete trial teaching (M‐DTT) intervention which remains one of the most commonly‐used programming for early intervention. Over the course of a 12‐week period, both groups (i.e., M‐ESDM and M‐DTT groups) received 25 h of intensive intervention per week using individual, group, and parent coaching techniques. Findings showed that: (i) the M‐ESDM significantly outperformed the M‐DTT in enhancing children's developmental abilities in gross motor and personal‐social skills for toddlers and preschoolers, as well as in language for preschoolers with mild/moderate ASD and toddlers; and (ii) the M‐ESDM dramatically reduced the severity of autistic symptoms in toddlers with severe ASD only, when compared to the M‐DTT. However, the M‐ESDM did not outperform the M‐DTT in terms of improving children's developmental abilities in adaptability and fine motor for toddlers and preschoolers, as well as in language for preschoolers with severe ASD. In addition, when compared to the M‐DTT, the M‐ESDM did not show an advantage in reducing the severity of autistic symptoms in toddlers with mild/moderate ASD and preschoolers. Clinical Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. Registration number ChiCTR200039492.
A New Nickel/cobalt Borate as High‐Performance Anode Material for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Beibei , Cao Yongjie , Xu Jie , Zhao Deqiang , Wang Nan , Wang Baofeng
Published: August 2023

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are widely considered a promising option for large‐scale energy storage, but their energy density is limited by the low specific capacity anode material. Herein, we synthesize a compound, namely Co2Ni(BO3)2 (denoted as CNBO), which is firstly served as an anode material in SIBs. The in‐situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and ex‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are conducted to elucidate the Na‐ion storage mechanism, which involves a conversion reaction with a theoretical specific capacity of 546 mAh g−1. As anode material for SIBs, CNBO exhibits a high initial reversible specific capacity of 544.2 mAh g−1 and maintains good cycling performance (319.2 mAh g−1 for 80 cycles at 0.2 A g−1) with remarkable rate capabilities (235.3 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1). Furthermore, a sodium‐ion full cell using CNBO as the anode and Na3V2(PO4)3 as the cathode (CNBO||NVP) can attain a maximum energy density of 146 Wh kg−1 with excellent cycle stability and rate capabilities. This work presents the possibilities for developing metal borate‐based materials for efficient sodium‐ion storage.
Affective debiasing: Focusing on emotion during consumption attenuates attribute framing effects
Authors: Poor Morgan , Isaac Mathew S.
Published: August 2023

One of the most pervasive findings in attribute framing research is the valence consistent shift; that is, positively valenced frames (e.g., 95% natural ingredients) are preferred over semantically equivalent but negatively valenced frames (e.g., 5% artificial ingredients). Despite the robustness of this finding, it has primarily been observed in judgments of prospective or hypothetical consumption. When valenced frames are presented during or immediately prior to an actual consumption experience, evidence for the valence consistent shift is weaker and less conclusive. In the present research, we propose and show that individuals' susceptibility to a valenced frame encountered around the time of a related consumption experience depends on whether they focus primarily on their cognitions or their emotions during the experience. Specifically, five experiments provide evidence that the valence consistent shift is attenuated in visual, auditory, and (simulated) gustatory consumption contexts when individuals are prompted to rely more on affective (vs. cognitive) inputs. Implications for both theory and practice are discussed.
Green synthesis‐assisted copper nanoparticles using Aegle marmelos leaves extract: physical, optical, and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Tanwar Shruti , Parauha Yatish Ratn , There Yogesh , Dhoble Sanjay Janaraoji
Published: August 2023

In the present report, Aegle marmelos leaf powder was used to synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using a simple and cost‐effective method. A. marmelos leaves have various medicinal uses including for the treatment of diarrhoea, constipation, diabetes, cholera, skin diseases, earache, blood purification, heart problems, and so on. The plant biomolecules induce the reduction of Cu2+ ions to CuNPs and also act as a capping and stabilizing agent. The formation of CuNPs was confirmed using photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra on a Shimadzu RF‐5301 PC spectrofluorophotometer and the absorbance spectra of a UV–visible spectrophotometer at different stages during the synthesis process. In addition, other properties of synthesized CuNPs were also investigated using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The average size of the synthesized CuNPs was in the range 20–40 nm. Furthermore, the synthesized NPs were also considered for an antimicrobial study against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus, and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. using the agar well diffusion method. The zone of inhibition against the Gram‐positive bacteria was greater than the zone of inhibition against the Gram‐negative bacteria. These investigation results suggest that synthesized NPs are promising nanomaterials for use as antimicrobial agents.
Mesoporous polydopamine nanoplatforms loaded with calcium ascorbate for amplified oxidation and photothermal combination cancer therapy
Authors: Zhang Meng , Ran Siyi , Yin Xueling , Zhang Jiting , Sun Xiao , Sun Wei , Zhu Zhihong
Published: August 2023

Destruction of cellular redox homeostasis to induce cancer cell apoptosis is an emerging tumor therapeutic strategy. To achieve this goal, elevating exogenous oxidative stress or impairing the antioxidant defense system of cancer cells is an effective method. Herein, we firstly report a biocompatible and versatile nanoplatform based on mesoporous polydopamine (MpDA) nanoparticles and a phase‐change material (PCM) for delivering calcium ascorbate (Vc‐Ca), simultaneously enabling combination therapy of hyperthermia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and suppression of tumor antioxidant capability. In this design, Vc‐Ca encapsulated in MpDA using PCM is controllably released due to the melting of PCM matrix in response to photothermal heating upon near‐infrared irradiation. Vc‐Ca is proved to be a pro‐oxidant that can promote the production of ROS (H2O2) in the tumor site. Remarkably, MpDA can not only act as a photothermal agent but also can break the redox balance of cancer cells through depleting the primary antioxidant glutathione, thus amplifying Vc‐Ca‐mediated oxidative therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate the significantly enhanced antitumor activity of boosted ROS combined with local hyperthermia. This study highlights the potential applications of Vc‐Ca in cancer treatment, and the prepared multifunctional nanoplatform provides a novel paradigm for high‐efficiency oxidation‐photothermal therapy.
The map of bone metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A real‐world study
Authors: Luo Dong‐Hua , Li Jia‐Xin , Guo Wan‐Ping , Guo Chen‐Guang , Meng Xiao‐Han , Xie Pei‐Jun , Lin Jie‐Yi , Mo Hao‐Yuan , Zhang Qun , Chen Yong , Shen Guo‐Ping
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the metastatic patterns of synchronous bone metastasis (SBM) and metachronous bone metastasis (MBM) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

This study included bone metastases in NPC patients from 2005 to 2016 in a Chinese hospital. Cohort 1 was collected from 2005 to 2010 for discovery, and Cohort 2 from 2011 to 2016 for validation. The chi‐squared test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and Kaplan–Meier technique were used to compare site, time, and survival between cohorts 1 and 2. Prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate or multivariate Cox regression.

Results

Cohort 1 had 112 individuals with SBM and 394 with MBM, and cohort 2 had 328 with SBM and 307 with MBM. The thoracic vertebra was the most frequently affected site of metastasis. Patients with SBM more often had metastasis to the cervical vertebrae compared with patients with MBM (34.5% vs. 22.3%, p < 0.05). Patients with SBM had better overall survival (42.2 months, 95% CI: 33.9–50.7) than patients with MBM (24.9 months, 95% CI: 22.2–28.7). Age at bone metastasis detection, metastasis to other organs, and more bone metastasis locations were associated with worse prognosis. The majority of MBMs occurred at 7 to 18 months after NPC diagnosis.

Conclusion

Radiotherapy does not modify the metastatic patterns of NPC bone metastases. Patients with SBM tend to have metastasis to the cervical vertebra, which is close to the nasopharynx. Paying more attention to bone metastases during follow‐up in the first 2 years after an NPC diagnosis.
Immune‐related adverse events and outcomes among pan‐cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: A monocentric real‐world observational study
Authors: Ge Xiaoxiao , Jiang Weiping , Li Hongqing , Wu Yanxu , Li Xiangyang , Cui Shaohua
Published: August 2023

Background

Real‐world evidence on immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) are relatively insufficient. Herein patterns and outcomes of irAEs after administration of anti‐programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) and its legend 1 (PD‐L1) antibodies were investigated.

Methods

Patients treated with anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 drugs from January 2018 to September 2021 at Huadong Hospital, Fudan University were included. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) was used for irAEs evaluation. The primary endpoints were the clinical description of irAEs.

Results

Two hundred and forty‐one solid tumor patients were included, with lung cancer as the most common tumor type (56%). 187 (77.6%) patients presented any kind of irAEs. The median time to any irAE onset was 28 (95% CI 24–32) days. Skin toxicities are the most common irAEs (46.1%) and the irAEs (36.5%) occurred earliest after immune‐checkpoint inhibitors. The most frequently occurred all‐grade irAEs were rash (23.7%), myelosuppression (20.7%), and hepatic injury (19.5%). 23 (9.5%) patients died of severe irAEs, which consists of 10 patients with pneumonitis, four colitis, four myocarditis, and one each for gastritis, pulmonary embolism, myelosuppression, hypophysitis, and encephalitis. Patients with any irAE onset had significantly longer progression‐free survival (PFS) (p = 0.013) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.007), respectively, than patients without irAEs. In addition, patients with skin toxicities (p = 0.012) or blood toxicities (p = 0.015) had achieved a longer PFS, than those without corresponding toxitities, respectively.

Conclusion

Most irAEs are mild and manageable, while some irAEs can present at later time or can be life‐threatening, especially pneumonitis as we observed. Patients with any irAE onset may achieve a better prognosis than those without irAEs, and presentation of skin or blood toxicities will indicate a better PFS.
Social support and self‐efficacy serially mediate the association of strength of identification with text‐based crisis support line volunteers' compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction
Authors: Donnellan Alanna , Bradshaw Daragh , McMahon Jennifer
Published: August 2023

Help‐line services provide a vital support to individuals experiencing mental or personal crisis. Recent years has seen a rise in both text‐based services as well as remote working conditions for those who offer help‐line services. Previous research has demonstrated positive and negative outcomes for individuals voluntarily offering support at crisis‐line services. However, few studies have focused on the mechanisms at work. The social identity approach offers one potential avenue for exploration. Specifically, individuals who meaningfully identify as a volunteer can unlock the benefits of the social cure. However, this pathway has not been tested for volunteers in remote working environments. The current study tested associations between identification with a crisis support organisation, well‐being outcomes, perceptions of social‐support, and self‐efficacy in remote text‐based services. This study collected data from 157 crisis‐support line volunteers in two remote‐working contexts. Results indicated a serial mediated indirect effect. Specifically, increased identification as a volunteer predicted increased perceptions of social support. In addition, social support predicted higher levels of self‐efficacy, resulting in increased levels of compassion satisfaction along with decreased levels of burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Results emphasise the role of social identity and perceptions of social support in promoting positive outcomes for remote‐working volunteers.
Medicinal Chemistry Perspectives on Recent Advances in Src Kinase Inhibitors as a Potential Target for the Development of Anticancer Agents: Biological Profile, Selectivity, Structure‐Activity Relationship
Authors: Teli Ghanshyam , Pal Rohit , Maji Lalmohan , Sengupta Sindhuja , Raghavendra Nulgumnalli Manjunathaiah , Matada Gurubasavaraja Swamy Purawarga
Published: August 2023

The physiological Src proto‐oncogene is a protein tyrosine kinase receptor that served as the essential signaling pathway in different types of cancer. Src kinase receptor is divided into different domains: a unique domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a protein tyrosine kinase domain, and a regulatory tail, which runs from the N‐terminus to the C‐terminus. Src kinase inhibitors bind in the kinase domain and are activated by phosphorylation. The etiology of cancer involved various signaling pathways and Src signaling pathways are also involved in those clusters. Although the dysregulation of Src kinase resulted in cancer being discovered in the late 19th century it is still considered a cult pathway because it is not much explored by different medicinal chemists and oncologists. The Src kinase regulated through different kinase pathways (MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT3, Hippo kinase, PEAK1, and Rho/ROCK pathways) and proceeded downstream signaling to conduct cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. There are numerous FDA‐approved drugs flooded the market but still, there is a huge demand for the creation of novel anticancer drugs. As the existing drugs are accompanied by several adverse effects and drug resistance due to rapid mutation in proteins. In this review, we have elaborated about the structure and activation of Src kinase, as well as the development of Src kinase inhibitors. Our group also provided a comprehensive overview of Src inhibitors throughout the last two decades, including their biological activity, structure‐activity relationship, and Src kinase selectivity. The Src binding pocket has been investigated in detail to better comprehend the interaction of Src inhibitors with amino acid residues. We have strengthened the literature with our contribution in terms of molecular docking and ADMET studies of top compounds. We hope that the current analysis will be a useful resource for researchers and provide glimpse of direction toward the design and development of more specific, selective, and potent Src kinase inhibitors.
Discovery of Four New Compounds from Macropanax membranifolius and Their Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Hang Pham Thi , Hue Nguyen Thi , Nam Nguyen Hoang , Tuan Nguyen Le , Cuong Pham Van , Vuong Nguyen Quoc , Hang Dan Thi Thuy , Tai Bui Huu , Kiem Phan Van
Published: August 2023

A phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the Macropanax membranifolius C.B. Shang leaves led to the isolation of three new flavans, (2R,3R)‐4′‐O‐methylcatechin 5‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), (2S,3S)‐4′‐O‐methylcatechin 5‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (2), (2S,3R)‐4′‐O‐methylcatechin 5‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (3), one new triterpene glycoside 3‐O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐[β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→2)]‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐oleanolic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (4), together with nine known compounds (5‐13). Their chemical structures were elucidated based on HR‐ESI‐MS, NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of compounds 1–3 were established by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. At concentration of 20 μM, compounds 1–13 showed the percentages of dead cell in the range of 2.14 % to 33.61 % against KB, HepG2, HL60, P388, HT29, and MCF7 cancerous cell lines by SRB assay.
Type 1 citrullinemia patient with Brugada pattern undergoing general anesthesia for dental extractions: A case report
Authors: Dell’Olio Fabio , Lorusso Pantaleo , Siciliani Rosaria Arianna , Massaro Maria , Barile Giuseppe , Tempesta Angela , Grasso Salvatore , Favia Gianfranco , Limongelli Luisa
Published: August 2023

Key Clinical Message

The perioperative control of ammonia, reduction of stress, and administration of drugs tolerated in type 1 citrullinemia and Brugada pattern allowed the successful and uneventful management of general anesthesia in the study patient.

The aim of this study was to report the targeted perioperative management of general anesthesia (GA) adopted for dental extractions in a rare patient with type 1 citrullinemia and Brugada pattern. A male, Caucasian, adult type 1 citrullinemia patient needed dental extractions under GA. The medical history showed neurodevelopmental impairment, growth retardation, epilepsy, and a Type 2 Brugada electrocardiographic pattern in the second precordial lead. The authors focused the anesthesiologic protocol on the prevention of hyperammonemia and fatal arrhythmias. Changes in diet and 10% glucose solution administration prevented protein catabolism due to the fasting period (ammonia was 44 μmol/L preoperatively and 46 μmol/L postoperatively; glycemia was 120 g/dL preoperatively and 153 g/dL postoperatively). The patient received a continuous electrocardiogram, noninvasive blood pressure, pulse oximeter, entropy monitoring, train‐of‐four monitoring, and external biphasic defibrillator pads. Midazolam, remifentanil, and dexamethasone were administered for pre‐anesthesia; thiopental and rocuronium for induction; remifentanil and desflurane for maintenance; sugammadex for decurarization. After the intraligamentary injection of lidocaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000 for local anesthesia, the patient developed a transient Type 1 Brugada pattern that lasted a few minutes. The whole procedure lasted 30 min. The patient's discharge to ward occurred 3 h after the end of GA. The perioperative management of ammonia, reduction of stress, and administration of drugs tolerated in Type 1 citrullinemia and Brugada pattern allowed the successful and uneventful administration of GA in the study patient.
Time‐resolved DRIFT Spectroscopy Study of Carbonaceous Intermediates during the Water Gas Shift Reaction over Au/Ceria Catalyst
Authors: Vecchietti Julia , Belletti Gustavo , Quaino Paola , Bonivardi Adrian , Collins Sebastián
Published: August 2023

ChemCatChem homepage for more articles in the collection. The mechanism of the low‐temperature water gas shift reaction (LTWGS) on an Au/CeO2 catalyst was investigated by means of in situ diffuse reflectance infrared (DRIFT) spectroscopy. Under steady‐state LTWGS reaction (373–623 K), the catalyst is partially reduced, and signals from carbonate/formate dominates the infrared spectra. Time‐resolved pulse of CO experiment under a constant partial pressure of water at 423 K indicates that Ce4+ can be reduced to Ce3+ and that formate (HCOO) species cannot be directly related to the CO2 production. Further information was obtained by performing modulation excitation spectroscopy (MES) experiments coupled with a phase‐sensitive detection (PSD) method. Under periodic modulation of the CO partial pressure while keeping the H2O concentration constant, most of the intense bands of carbonate and formate remained constant, indicating that these species are only spectators. The same is observed for the concentration of Ce3+. Conversely, signals in‐phase with the conversion of CO to CO2 are observed and assigned to carboxyl [C(O)OH] and carboxylate (CO2δ−) species, while some monodentate formate (m‐HCOO) also changes but at a lower rate. A plausible associative reaction mechanism where carboxyl/carboxylate are key intermediates is postulated.