bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal among AOU Students in Kuwait and their Families and their Expected Inclination Towards the Acceptance or Refusal of the Vaccine
Authors: AL-Shalabi Luai
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this research was to determine the factors influencing the refusal of a coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) vaccine among adult students from Arab Open University in Kuwait (AOU) and their families and to study the trends of reluctant participants. A questionnaire was conducted (n = 691; aged 12 and older). Significant factors and the tendency of hesitant participants to accept or reject the vaccine were explored by applying a cleaning and coding process, a rough set theory (RS), a decision tree (DT) classifier, and a p-value. Overall, 18.4% of the participants reported refusing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, while 17.2% were uncertain. The study shows that hesitant subjects represent a tendency to accept vaccination. Of the vaccine-refusal participants, subjects aged 18-29, suffer from chronic disease, were infected with COVID-19, were vaccinated against seasonal flu, and had concerns about receiving a COVID-19, representing 44.1%, 21.05%, 16.76%, 54.33%, and 70.08%, respectively. Overall, 18.4% of the participants demonstrated a refusal to receive a COVID-19 vaccine and 17.2% are hesitant. Factors influencing the level of acceptance/rejection of the vaccine were determined. The results showed that hesitant participants have a strong tendency to accept the vaccine (81.82%). Since vaccination is an important strategy to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ministry of public health must immediately address the significant factors for the acceptance/rejection of the vaccine, as well as the trend of hesitant participants toward the acceptance of the vaccine.
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATÜRK'S RELATIONS WITH WESTERN COUNTRIES DURING AND AFTER THE NATIONAL STRUGGLE (1919- 1938)
Authors: KARAKUŞ Girayalp
Published: December 2022

Although the first thing that makes Mustafa Kemal Atatürk valuable is his military achievements, the pro-active policies he followed in the statesmanship process are also of great importance. In particular, the Young Republic, acting with the principle of "Peace at Home, Peace in the World", has reached a respected position in world politics with the successful policies followed by Atatürk. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, one of the founding leaders of Turkey, was interested in politics from his young age. He knew that being a strong state required a successful foreign policy. That's why he succeeded in pursuing an honorable policy with Western countries while he was a statesman. In this context, the Young Republic, was following rational and realistic policies, and it produced politics in real-political terms and connected its own security to the stability of its neighbors. For this policy, it established alliances against revisionist states. Atatürk's main motto was "peace". This policy also became a guide for later politicians. In this period, the main aim was to represent the achievements in the military field in the political scene, so that full independence was desired. In this period, the Republic of Turkey has ensured to establish good relations with all secular, democratic and rule-of-law states. Although Turkey was economically weak, it achieved important successes in the Straits and Hatay due to the policy it has followed. Many domestic and foreign sources were used to strengthen the thesis in our study.
La caducidad del permiso de edificación: tendencias recientes
Authors: Millar Bruna Cristobal , Aránguiz Sánchez Alejandra
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo aborda una de las figuras más controvertidas del derecho urbanístico reciente: la caducidad del permiso de edificación, analizando las tendencias recientes asentadas por la Corte Suprema, Contraloría General de la República y la doctrina. Se demuestra que en la actualidad puede reconstruirse un estatuto más o menos certero de esta institución, pese a lo cual existe creciente judicialización sobre algunos aspectos que hacen necesario pensar en soluciones de lege ferenda que otorguen mayor certeza jurídica frente al desarrollo de proyectos.
Evaluación ambiental y modificación de proyectos: Notas para su adecuada comprensión
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Carrasco Edesio , Sepúlveda Carlo , Arrué Mario , Alfaro Maximiliano
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo revisa el sentido y alcance de la modificación de proyectos en el Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (SEIA). Para ello, se analizan sus principales elementos y se examina la jurisprudencia judicial y precedentes administrativos de interés para la adecuada comprensión de esta institución, especialmente en cuanto a la infracción de no evaluar ciertos cambios que tengan dicha entidad. Se termina con las conclusiones de rigor.
Derecho de opción frente al agotamiento previo y obligatorio de la vía administrativa para ejercer acciones especiales de carácter contencioso administrativo
Authors: Quezada Vidal Álvaro
Published: December 2022

En el presente trabajo se pretende demostrar que la exigencia del agotamiento previo y obligatorio de la vía administrativa antes de ejercer la respectiva acción especial de carácter contencioso administrativa establecida en casos especiales por el legislador debe primar por sobre el derecho de opción consistente en reclamar en sede administrativa o jurisdiccional contra los actos dictados por la Administración del Estado, no siendo aquella exigencia contraria al ejercicio del derecho de acceso a la justicia.
Más allá del reconocimiento como ‘sujeto de derechos’ a la Naturaleza: Un análisis práctico para una comprensión semántica
Authors:   Universidad Externado de Colombia, Milkes Irit , Baena Samuel ,   Universidad Externado de Colombia, Pimiento E. Julián A. ,   Universidad Externado de Colombia
Published: December 2022

El cambio de paradigma de una visión antropocéntrica a una ecocéntrica ha llevado a que en diversas latitudes se declare a la naturaleza como ‘sujeto de derecho’, muchas veces sin cuestionarse cuáles son sus alcances y los efectos prácticos y jurídicos de dicha categoría. El presente artículo pretende ofrecer algunas razones del porqué esta declaratoria no es presupuesto único para la protección material y efectiva de la naturaleza en sí misma e incluso, afirmar que la categoría no guarda un análisis semántico de lo qué verdaderamente significa ser sujeto de derecho. Para ello, a partir de una (de)construcción del contenido de la categoría sujeto de derecho, justificaremos por un lado el por qué su adaptación a entes naturales, no ha logrado obtener los efectos útiles esperados hasta el momento, respecto a la creación de mecanismos o herramientas diferentes a las ya existentes en el sistema jurídico colombiano en materia de medio ambiente; por el otro, porqué, a pesar de lo anterior, del reconocimiento de los derechos bioculturales podría promoverse algunos escenarios de participación significativa dirigidos a escenarios alternativos para la protección de la naturaleza.
Resonancia de bronces. Organizaciones y maestros de música en La Tirana (1970-2000)
Authors:   Universidad de Tarapacá (Chile), Díaz Araya Alberto , Cortés Aliaga Nicole ,   Universidad de Tarapacá (Chile), Daponte Jean Franco ,   Universidad de Tarapacá (Chile), Antezana Llanes Jaime ,   Universidad de Tarapacá (Chile)
Published: December 2022

Las bandas de bronces son una de las expresiones musicales más representativas de las festividades del norte de Chile. Con su aparición a inicios del siglo XX, paulatinamente toman protagonismo en el contexto de la fiesta de la Virgen del Carmen de La Tirana, y a partir de 1970, surge un movimiento que las convierte en un símbolo de las sonoridades que representan a las tradiciones nortinas. Este artículo aborda el desarrollo histórico y musical de las bandas entre 1970 y 2000, focalizando el análisis en los músicos nortinos que asumieron el rol de maestros al interior de las bandas, amplificando el repertorio coreográfico de los bailes religiosos y eventos, incorporando lectoescritura musical y sistemas de aprendizaje que articularon estilos musicales de incidencia tanto en el Santuario como en las ciudades nortinas.
La representación de la espiritualidad mapuche en la música popular: el caso de Anklaje
Authors:   Universidad de Los Lagos (Chile), Silva-Zurita Javier , Soto-Silva Ignacio ,   Universidad de Los Lagos / Núcleo Milenio en Culturas Musicales y Sonoras (Chile), Díaz-Collao Leonardo ,   Universidad Alberto Hurtado (Chile)
Published: December 2022

Anklaje es un grupo de música popular formado en la ciudad de Castro en la Isla Grande de Chiloé, en el sur de Chile, cuyo trabajo creativo se caracteriza por la utilización de elementos musicales y discursivos vinculados al pueblo mapuche williche. En el presente artículo discutimos la forma en que Anklaje representa la espiritualidad mapuche en su música, analizando las interacciones entre territorio, identidad y espiritualidad que llevan a la articulación de un proceso creativo particular. De esta forma, examinamos los discursos de los miembros de la banda, quienes caracterizan dos formas de concebir las prácticas musicales: una que vincula la música con la expresión de lo racional, y otra, con la experiencia espiritual. Los resultados nos muestran cómo un constructo de territorio modela una visión de espiritualidad, encausando una práctica representacional que apela a la mediación entre lo cotidiano y lo sagrado.
Extent of Adoption of Recommended Practices of Cotton Cultivation by the Cotton Farmer
Authors: Singh Shivpal , Patel M. M.
Published: December 2022

Aims: To know the adoption level of recommended cultivation practices of cotton crop.

Study Design: The research design used for this study was an Ex-post Facto.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh and duration 2020-2022.

Methodology: The study was conducted in Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh a total of 200 farmers selected by following the proportionate random sampling technique. An interview schedule was prepared for collection data relating to the adoption of recommended practices by the respondents.

Results: The study, concludes that, with respect to the adoption, majority of the farmers (69.00%) had a medium level of adoption of recommended improved practices of cotton cultivation while, an equal number (15.50%) of the respondents had low and high level of adoption of the same practices. Among the socio-economic and personal, communication and psychological characteristics of the respondents, age, education, family size, family type, land holding, annual income, farm mechanization, extension participation, information seeking behaviour, cosmopoliteness, economic motivation, scientific orientation and risk orientation indicated significant association with the extent of adoption of the recommended practices of cotton.

Conclusion: The study concluded that majority of the cotton growers were low adopted recommended cotton practices.
The Impact of Anxiety on Learning Chemistry: The Case of Bhutanese Higher Secondary School Students
Authors: Chhetri Madan , Chhetri Chandra Bdr. , Giri Manju
Published: December 2022

The study was designed to find out the causes and impact of anxiety towards learning chemistry at higher secondary schools in Samtse district. Two schools located at urban and semi-urban were selected for the purpose. Data was obtained by utilizing both quantitative as well as qualitative data collection method. Anxiety Questionnaire for students (AQS) was administered to identify the causes of the anxiety. In addition, data acquired through semi-interview facilitated researcher to correlate the degree of anxiety among high and low achievers in urban and semi urban schools. Consequently, data triangulation has helped to validate the causes, impact of anxiety in relation to academic performances. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 22 and thematic coding.

The result indicated that the major cause of anxiety in chemistry subject was syllabus anxiety. The finding revealed that students including high, average and low performers of semi-urban school have more anxiety as compared to students of urban school at Samtse district. In other words, students studying in semi-urban location has more anxiety than the students located in urban schools. The study found out impact of anxiety on the academic performances. It was confirmed that a significant negative relationship (r=-.465**, n=114, p=0.001) exist between anxiety and performances of the students in chemistry subject in grade 12. In other words, anxiety has negative impact on the academic performances of the students.

Similarly, the performance of students in chemistry subject in BCSEA examination has been consistently low over the past few years [2-7]. As a result of this study, teachers and educational organizations such as Ministry of Education (MoE), Royal Education Council (REC) and e(ducational colleges will also be informed about the various causes and its impact in learning chemistry. In Bhutan, no study has been carried out regarding the anxiety of the students in learning chemistry and its impact on performances.
Blood Group Antigens Phenotype Frequencies among Pregnant Women in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Buhari H. A. , Sagir A. , Akuyam S. A. , Erhabor O. , Panti A. A.
Published: December 2022

Background: Blood group antigens have been used to evaluate ethnic diversity of human populations and had been related to predisposing individuals to some diseases or may protect individuals against some diseases. They also play the most important role in success of pregnancy and blood transfusion.

Aim: The aim is to determine the frequencies of some blood group antigens phenotype among pregnant women.

Materials and Methods: The study is a cross sectional study   conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, antenatal clinic in Usmanu Danfodiyo Teaching Hospital Sokoto, from January 2020 to September 2020. This research included 1250 consecutively -recruited pregnant women on their first antenatal visit. The blood grouping were determined using standard tube techniques for ABO, MNSs, Duffy and Kidd antigens while column agglutination card was used for Rh C, E, c, e and Kell was utilized.

Results: The sociodemographic characteristics revealed that the age range of the subject was 17-48 years .where majority were within the age between 21-30 years (61.3%). Majority of the pregnant women had their first antenatal visit during second trimester of their pregnancy (59.7%). The distribution of the ABO blood group revealed that 48.5% were group O, 27.3% were group B, 19.4% were group A and 4.8% were group AB. Out the subjects investigated, 93.1%, 30.2%, 24.6% and 90.2% were RhD, RhC, RhE, Rhc and Rhe positive respectively. The prevalence of M, S and s positive were 75.5%, 31.4% and 63.3% respectively. Among the subjects studied, 97.6% were Kell positive while 2.4% were kell negative. The prevalence of Duffy a and b antigen were 1.1% and 0.5% respectively and the prevalence of Kidd a and b phenotype positive were 15.9% and 21.7% respectively.

Conclusion: The pattern of distribution of ABO, Rh, MSs, Duffy and Kidd blood groups antigens among pregnant women in Sokoto was in agreement with other populations while that of Kell blood group antigen is at variance with other population particularly among Caucasians. Data derived from this study will help policy makers make evidenced –based decisions on management of HDFN.
Competence of Different Selective Herbicides for Weed Control and Productivity of Wheat in Central Telangana Zone, India
Authors: Bindu G. S. Madhu , Kumar M. Vijay
Published: December 2022

Aim: To study the effectiveness of seven (07) herbicides for the control of weeds in wheat crop.

Study Design: Randomized Block Design.

Place and Duration of Study: A field study was executed in the rabi seasons, 2014-15 to 2016-17 at Agricultural Research Station, Basanthpur, Telangana.

Methodology: New molecules of herbicides were tested in different combinations and compared with the traditional weed control practice through the weed parameters viz., weed density, weed dry matter, weed index and weed persistence index. The performance of wheat crop in terms of grain yield and cost economics were noted to attest the efficiency of different herbicide treatments.

Results: Based on the results, the pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 3.0 l ha-1 and a hand weeding at 45 DAS is advised to obtain maximum grain yield while the post emergence application of clodinafop propargyl @ 60 g a.i. ha-1 + metsulfuron methyl @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 at 3 leaf stage of weed is recommended for higher economic benefits.

Conclusion: Pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 3.0 l ha-1 followed by a hand weeding at 45 DAS can be recommended for higher wheat crop grain yield. And in case of labour shortage, one post emergence application of Clodinafop propargyl @ 60 g a.i./ha + metsulfuron methyl @ 4g a.i./ha at 3 leaf stage of weed i.e., at 25 DAS of wheat crop can be the cost-effective weed management practice in the wheat crop.
Performance of an Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive Sensor Electrical Energy Meter
Authors: Kagucia Fredrick M. , George Owino , Manene Franklin M.
Published: December 2022

This paper presents a digital electrical energy meter based on an Anisotropic Magneto-Resistive (AMR) current sensor and an Arduino micro microcontroller. This study aimed at designing and fabricating a digital electrical energy meter using the AMR sensor which overcomes some of the shortcomings of traditional current sensors used in most energy meters, display electrical energy, consumer‟s terminal voltage, supply current, power factor and „real-time‟ power consumption. The study was carried out in the Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, Egerton University between September 2018 and December 2020. The meter was designed using Proteus 8 Professional software and fabricated on a printed circuit board. Algorithms were developed in C-language and stored in the microcontroller to continuously sample voltage and current signals derived from a successive supply voltage divider and the AMR current sensor, respectively. The sampling frequency was 2 kHz and every 10,000 samples were carried out to compute the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of voltage and current. The fabricated meter digitally computed the cumulative electrical energy in kilo-Watt-hours (kWhrs) and the other variables and displayed them on a 16×2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) after a consumption of every 0.01 kWhrs. Statistical results on the displayed variables indicated that the meters tested were not significantly different at 0.95 confidence level implying that those meters had similar performance. The extra displays are important and useful to power consumers and service providers in energy utilization and improvement of the quality of the power supplied. Power factor is an exceptional feature in the prototype meter beneficial to both consumers and power agencies in the decision-making process of reducing bills and power distribution costs leading to improved efficiency and service delivery.
Does Regional Integration within Developing Countries Really Diverge? The Southern Africa Development Community Experience on the Period 1995-2019
Authors: Berquin Eyike Mbongo Louis de , Alain Ndzana Mekia
Published: December 2022

This paper tests the real convergence within Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). Given that economic theory suggests that economic integration within developing countries gives rise to regional divergence, the main aim of this study is, thus, to verify whether this theory is valid for the SADC. To test this premise, we analyse real per capita income dispersion within the region and proceed to the estimation of a β-convergence model on a sample of eleven countries of the region on the period 1995-2019. Our results are irrevocable: there is no proof of catch-up within this zone during this period. This shows that the gains and costs of the integration are unequally shared among members states.
Macroscopic Inflammation Status of Resected Gallbladder Predicts Therapeutic Outcome After Radical Resection for Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Iwase Ryota , Shiba Hiroaki , Haruki Koichiro , Fujiwara Yuki , Furukawa Kenei , Futagawa Yasuro , Wakiyama Shigeki , Misawa Takeyuki , Yanaga Katsuhiko
Published: December 2022

Objective

Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is one of the digestive cancers with poor prognosis, for which surgical resection is the only potentially curative therapy. Prognostic value of macroscopic inflammatory status of the resected gallbladder in patient with GBC has not been fully investigated. We retrospectively investigated the relation between macroscopic inflammatory status and disease-free as well as overall survival after radical resection for GBC.

Method

The subjects were 44 patients who underwent radical resection for GBC between January 2004 and April 2011 at Jikei University Hospital. We retrospectively investigated the relationship between clinicopathologic variables, including macroscopic inflammatory status and disease-free as well as overall survival.

Results

In univariate analysis, disease-free survival was poor in patients with Tumor-Nodes-Metastasis (TNM) stage ≥III (P < 0.0001) and positive vascular invasion (P = 0.0001). Patients with macroscopic chronic inflammation tended to have poor disease-free survival than those with normal type (P = 0.0930). Overall survival was poor in patients with TNM stage ≥III (P < 0.0001), presence of intraoperative blood transfusion (P = 0.0125), positive vascular invasion (P = 0.0055), and macroscopic chronic inflammation (P = 0.0281). In multivariate analysis, TNM stage ≥III (P < 0.0114) and macroscopic chronic inflammation (P = 0.0350) were independent predictors of disease-free survival. For overall survival, TNM stage ≥III (P = 0.0054) and macroscopic chronic inflammation (P = 0.0124) were the independent predictors. Moreover, macroscopic chronic inflammation correlated with the presence of gallstones.

Conclusion

The macroscopic Inflammation status of resected gallbladder cancer correlates with oncologic outcome in patients with GBC treated by radical resection.
Primary Adenocarcinoma at Ileostomy—A Rare Late Complication: Three Cases and Literature Review
Authors: Hani Murad Bani , Butler Bryan , Visco Jeffery , Alttuwaybi Bashir
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Primary adenocarcinoma at the ileostomy site is a rare complication, with only 57 cases reported in the literature. The primary diagnosis is usually ulcerative colitis (UC) or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).

Cases

We present 3 cases of adenocarcinoma at the ileostomy site. Two of our 3 cases have a previous diagnosis of cancer, with no previous diagnosis of UC or FAP.

Discussion

Adenocarcinoma at ileostomy is a rare late complication of permanent ileostomy. Possible etiologies are chronic irritation and changes in bacterial flora that lead to metaplasia and cancer development.

Conclusion

Adenocarcinoma at the ileostomy site is a rare complication with good prognosis if detected early. Diagnosis is by biopsy, and treatment is surgical. A biopsy should be considered in any abnormal growth around the ileostomy.
JAMA Network Articles of the Year 2022
Authors: Suran Melissa
Published: December 2022

This Medical News article is our annual roundup of the top-viewed articles from all JAMA Network journals.
The Last Visit
Authors: Kelly Anne
Published: December 2022

In this narrative medicine essay, a hospice and palliative care social worker describes the expressions of love she and her mother shared in the last days of her mother’s life.
A Peculiar ST Elevation Mimicking STEMI
Authors: Jimenez Jose Victor , Banna Soumya , Desai Nihar
Published: December 2022

This case report describes a patient in their 60s who presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of shortness of breath and back pain exacerbated that morning.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Toru , Aizawa Kenichi , Shibuya Kenji , Yamanaka Shinya , Anzai Yuichiro , Kurokawa Kiyoshi , Nagai Ryozo
Published: December 2022

Importance

Real-world evidence of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is needed to understand the prevalence of infection in the Japanese population.

Objective

To conduct sentinel screening of the Japanese population to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic individuals, with complementary analysis for symptomatic patients as reported by active epidemiologic surveillance used by the government.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study of a sentinel screening program investigated approximately 1 million asymptomatic individuals with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection between February 22 and December 8, 2021. Participants included children, students, employed adults, and older individuals, as well as volunteers to broadly reflect the general Japanese population in the 14 prefectures of Japan that declared a state of emergency. Saliva samples and a cycle threshold (Ct) value of approximately 40 as standard in Japan were used. Polymerase chain reaction testing for symptomatic patients was separately done by public health authorities, and the results were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan to complement data on asymptomatic infections from the present study.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Temporal trends in positivity and prevalence (including surges of different variants) and demographic associations (eg, age, geographic location, and vaccination status) were assessed.

Results

The positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 1 082 976 asymptomatic individuals (52.08% males; mean [SD] age 39.4 [15.7] years) was 0.03% (95% CI, 0.02%-0.05%) during periods without surges and a maximum of 0.33% (95% CI, 0.25%-0.43%) during peak surges at the Japanese standard Ct value of approximately 40; however, the positive rate would have been 10-fold less at a Ct value of 25 as used elsewhere in the world (eg, UK). There was an increase in patients with a positive PCR test result with a Ct value of 25 or 30 preceding surges in infection and hotspots of asymptomatic infections.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population of Japan in 2021, as investigated by sentinel surveillance, a low rate of infection was seen in the Japanese population compared with reported levels elsewhere in the world. This finding provides real-world data on the state of infection in Japan.
Surgeon-Delivered Nerve Block for Reduction of Perioperative Pain and Opioid Use After Lumbosacral Spine Surgery
Authors: Joiner Evan F. , Neira Justin A. , Yevudza Wisdom E. , Weller Mark A. , Wagener Gebhard , Angevine Peter D. , Mandigo Christopher E.
Published: December 2022

This cohort study compares postoperative pain scores, opioid use, and length of hospital stay among adults undergoing noninstrumented lumbosacral surgery who received x-ray–guided dorsal ramus block vs those who did not.
Mental Health Revisits at US Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Cushing Anna M. , Liberman Danica B. , Pham Phung K. , Michelson Kenneth A. , Festekjian Ara , Chang Todd P. , Chaudhari Pradip P.
Published: December 2022

Importance

Pediatric emergency department (ED) visits for mental health crises are increasing. Patients who frequently use the ED are of particular concern, as pediatric mental health ED visits are commonly repeat visits. Better understanding of trends and factors associated with mental health ED revisits is needed for optimal resource allocation and targeting of prevention efforts.

Objective

To describe trends in pediatric mental health ED visits and revisits and to determine factors associated with revisits.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cohort study, data were obtained from 38 US children’s hospital EDs in the Pediatric Health Information System between October 1, 2015, and February 29, 2020. The cohort included patients aged 3 to 17 years with a mental health ED visit.

Exposures

Characteristics of patients, encounters, hospitals, and communities.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was a mental health ED revisit within 6 months of the index visit. Trends were assessed using cosinor analysis and factors associated with time to revisit using mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

There were 308 264 mental health ED visits from 217 865 unique patients, and 13.2% of patients had a mental health revisit within 6 months. Mental health visits increased by 8.0% annually (95% CI, 4.5%-11.4%), whereas all other ED visits increased by 1.5% annually (95% CI, 0.1%-2.9%). Factors associated with mental health ED revisits included psychiatric comorbidities, chemical restraint use, public insurance, higher area measures of child opportunity, and presence of an inpatient psychiatric unit at the presenting hospital. Patients with psychotic disorders (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.29-1.57), disruptive or impulse control disorders (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.30-1.42), and neurodevelopmental disorders (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.30) were more likely to revisit. Patients with substance use disorders (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.55-0.66) were less likely to revisit.

Conclusions and Relevance

Markers of disease severity and health care access were associated with mental health revisits. Directing hospital and community interventions toward identified high-risk patients is needed to help mitigate recurrent mental health ED use and improve mental health care delivery.
Dramatic Tuning of the Topological Hall Effect in AxRhO2(A = K, Rb, and Cs) Crystals by Electron Concentration or Cation
Authors: Lv Yang‐Yang , Zhang Bin‐Bin , Li Xiao , Lin Dajun , Yao Shu‐Hua , Xiong Ye , Zhou Jian , Chen Y. B. , Weng Hongming , Shi Y. G. , Lu Ming‐Hui , Chen Yan‐Feng
Published: December 2022

Topological Hall effect, being an unconventional anomalous Hall effect, is originated from the real‐space Berry curvature caused by the nontrivial topological spin textures in materials. Manipulations of nontrivial magnetic structure and related topological Hall effect are very important for the study of the chiral magnet. Herein, it is experimentally observed that the significant topological Hall conductivity σxyin antiferromagnetic K0.5RhO2can reach 3.5% of ν = 1 quantum conductivity below 20 K. Furthermore, by adjusting the concentration of K‐cation different from 0.5 in KxRhO2or substituting the K cations by Rb or Cs to form Rb0.5RhO2or Cs0.5RhO2, it is observed that the topological Hall effect is much weakened or even disappeared. This evolution, verified by the theoretical calculations, is attributed to the unstable ground state of the non‐coplanar spin structure in KxRhO2(x = 0.4 and 0.6) and Cs0.5RhO2. The significantly tunable topological Hall effect in AxRhO2makes it prospective on logical/sensor devices of spintronics.
Sn‐O Dual‐Substituted Chlorine‐Rich Argyrodite Electrolyte with Enhanced Moisture and Electrochemical Stability
Authors: Li Guoyao , Wu Shaoping , Zheng Hongpeng , Yang Yu , Cai Jingyu , Zhu Hong , Huang Xiao , Liu Hezhou , Duan Huanan
Published: December 2022

Chlorine‐rich argyrodite sulfides are one of the most promising solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries owing to their remarkable ionic conductivity and decent mechanical properties. However, their application has been limited by imperfections such as moisture instability and poor electrochemical stability. Herein, a Sn and O is proposed dual‐substitution strategy in Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.6 (LPSC) to improve the moisture tolerance and boost the electrochemical performance. The optimized composition of Li5.5(P0.9Sn0.1)(S4.2O0.2)Cl1.6 (LPSC‐10) sintered at 500 °C exhibits a room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 8.7 mS cm−1, an electrochemical window up to 5 V, a critical current density of 1.2 mA cm−2, and stable lithium plating/striping. When exposed to humid air, LPSC‐10 exhibits a small increment in total resistance, generates a mild amount of H2S gas, and displays favorable structure stability after heat treatment. The first‐principles calculation confirms that the dual‐substituted composition less tends to be hydrolyzed than the un‐substituted one. The all‐solid‐state battery with LiIn|NMC811 electrodes presents a high initial discharge capacity of 103.6 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C rates and maintains 101.4 mAh g−1 at the 100th cycle, with a 97.9% capacity retention rate. The present study opens a new alternative for simultaneously promoting moisture and electrochemical stability.
Light‐Guided Dynamic Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators enabled by Mussel Adhesive Protein Chemistry
Authors: Liang Ruixue , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Shen Di
Published: December 2022

Light‐guided soft actuators with dynamic polymer networks have drawn much attention in recent years. However, the application of such actuators is limited by their synthetic strategies, polymer structures, and shape‐morphing modes. This work reports a new class of liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) actuators crosslinked by mussel‐inspired catechol‐Fe (III) complexes. The actuators are mechanically strong while being self‐healable, shape‐reprogrammable, and reprocessable. Importantly, the formation of catechol‐Fe (III) complexes enables the single‐component LCE network to exhibit outstanding photothermal effects without any light‐absorbing additives. Thus, actuators with designable structures and complex shape‐morphing capabilities can be readily programmed with mechanical force coupled with either environmental heating or NIR light irradiation. Furthermore, the material platform provides a robust and flexible way to fabricate actuators with different dimensional structures varying from 1D to 3D. The LCE shows great potential in robotic fields, and as a proof‐of‐concept, a crawling robot, C‐Bot, is specially designed. The robot is capable of moving untethered both on solid‐substrate and water surfaces under the guidance of light based on the mechanisms of shape‐morphing and Marangoni propulsion, respectively. Surprisingly, different from the vast majority of previously reported LCE‐based robots, the C‐Bot is strong enough to carry a heavy load while moving.
Multilevel Structure Engineered Lead‐Free Piezoceramics Enabling Breakthrough in Energy Harvesting Performance for Bioelectronics
Authors: Xue Haoyue , Jiang Laiming , Lu Gengxi , Wu Jiagang
Published: December 2022

The prevalence of wearable/implantable medical electronics together with the rapid development of the Internet of Medicine Things call for the advancement of biocompatible, reliable, and high‐efficiency energy harvesters. However, most current harvesters are based on toxic lead‐based piezoelectric materials, raising biological safety concerns. What hinders the application of lead‐free piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) is the low power output, where the key challenge lies in obtaining a high piezoelectric voltage constant (g33) and harvesting figure of merit (d33 × g33). Here, micron pores are introduced into phased boundary engineered high‐performance (K, Na)NbO3‐based ceramic matrix, resulting in the state‐of‐the‐art g33 and the highest d33 × g33 values of 57.3 × 10−3 Vm N−1 and 20887 × 10−15 m2 N−1 in lead‐free piezoceramics, respectively. Concomitantly, ultrahigh energy harvesting performances are obtained in porous ceramic PEHs, with output voltage and power density of 200 V and 11.6 mW cm−2 under instantaneous force impact and an average charging rate of 14.1 µW under high‐frequency (1 MHz) ultrasound excitation, far outperforming previously reported PEHs. Porous ceramic PEHs are further developed into wearable and bio‐implantable devices for human motion sensing and percutaneous ultrasound power transmission, opening avenues for the design of next‐generation eco‐friendly WIMEs.
3D Printing of Liquid Metals: Recent Advancements and Challenges
Authors: Zou Zhongfei , Chen Yuewei , Yuan Sen , Luo Nan , Li Jiachun , He Yong
Published: December 2022

The development of flexible electronics (FEs) has rapidly accelerated in numerous fields due to their exceptional deformability, bending, and stretchability. Room‐temperature gallium‐based liquid metals (LMs) are considered as efficient conductive materials for FEs due to their outstanding electrical conductivity and intrinsic flexibility. Recently, 3D printing has become a promising technique for fabricating FEs. However, the poor printability due to high surface tension and fluidity offers huge challenges in the 3D printing of LMs. This review summarizes the effective strategies to address these challenges. It primarily focuses on three points: 1) how to improve the printability of LM and its wettability with the substrate, 2) how to select the appropriate printing method to improve the printing speed and ensure the resolution of printing structure, and 3) how to provide perfect encapsulation for LM‐based FEs with 3D printing. Following a brief introduction, the mainstream printing technologies and recent developments in the 3D printing of LMs are provided, with an emphasis on the selection of printing method, improvement of printability, encapsulation, and conductivity activation. Then, the revolutionary changes attained after 3D printing of LMs are specifically focused upon. Finally, opinions and potential directions for this thriving discipline are explored.
Selective Nanoblocker of Cellular Stress Response for Improved Drug‐Free Tumor Therapy
Authors: Liu Cuimei , Cheng Sihang , Zhou Xue , Wang Jue , Mu Ping , Wang Zhongyao , Zhang Lingyu , Li Lu , Wang Chungang
Published: December 2022

Nanotechnology‐based drug‐free therapeutic systems using external stimuli can avoid the inherent side effects of drugs and become an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, the cellular stress responses (CSR) are activated encounter with external stimuli, which greatly weaken the efficacy of the drug‐free antitumor. Thus, this work proposes a CSR regulation strategy and synthesizes the glucose oxidase (GOx)‐modified Cu3BiS3 nanosheets (CBSG NSs) encapsulated by calcium carbonate (CBSG@CaCO3) as the novel drug‐free nanoagent. The CBSG@CaCO3 not only cause external stimuli such as energy consumption and oxidative stress damage, but also can destroy the CSR mechanism to guarantee optimal efficacy of starvation‐chemodynamic therapy (ST–CDT). In tumor cells, the CaCO3 shell layer of CBSG@CaCO3 is rapidly degraded, releasing the slowly degradable CBSG NSs with NIR‐II photothermal properties that accelerate the production of external stimuli under laser irradiation. Meanwhile, CaCO3 can block CSR to disrupt the adaptive viability of cancer cells by inhibiting expression of P27 and NRF2. Importantly, the CSR regulation achieves selective treatment on tumor cells based on the difference in physiological conditions between cancer cells and normal cells. This drug‐free cancer therapy with selectivity improves the problem of poor efficacy under the action of CSR, which offers a new avenue in the cancer‐related disease treatment.
Robust Transport: An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase Design for Anode‐Free Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Sun Jinran , Zhang Shu , Li Jiedong , Xie Bin , Ma Jun , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei
Published: December 2022

One of the most challenging issues in the practical implementation of high‐energy‐density anode‐free lithium‐metal batteries (AFLMBs) is the sharp capacity attenuation caused by the mechanical degradation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, developing an artificial SEI to address this issue remains a challenge due to the trade‐off between ionic conductivity and mechanical robustness for general ionic conducting films. In this study, a tenacious composite artificial SEI with integrated heterostructure of lithium fluoride (LiF) and lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) is prepared using a co‐sputtering approach to achieve both high ionic conductivity and fracture toughness. The embedded LiF domain has an extremely high Young's modulus and surface energy compared with those of bulk LiPON film, enabling a significant increase in fracture toughness by an order of magnitude. Most importantly, the interface between LiPON and LiF in the integrated structure generates additional fast Li+‐transport pathways, providing the artificial SEI with a conductivity higher than 10−6S cm−1. Consequently, the artificial SEI implementation significantly increases the cycling lifetime of the corresponding AFLMBs by >250%. This study highlights the importance of fracture toughness for the structural integrity of batteries and provides suggestions for designing viable SEI materials for high‐performance AFLMBs.
Liquid Phase Isolation of SnS Monolayers with Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Sarkar Abdus Salam , Konidakis Ioannis , Gagaoudakis E. , Maragkakis G. M. , Psilodimitrakopoulos S. , Katerinopoulou D. , Sygellou L. , Deligeorgis G. , Binas Vassilios , Oikonomou Ilias M. , Komninou Philomela , Kiriakidis G. , Kioseoglou G. , Stratakis E.
Published: December 2022

Recent advances in atomically thin two dimensional (2D) anisotropic group IVA‐VI metal monochalcogenides (MMCs) and their fascinating intrinsic properties and potential applications are hampered due to an ongoing challenge of monolayer isolation. Among the most promising MMCs, tin (II) sulfide (SnS) is an earth‐abundant layered material with tunable bandgap and anisotropic physical properties, which render it extraordinary for electronics and optoelectronics. To date, however, the successful isolation of atomically thin SnS single layers at large quantities has been challenging due to the presence of strong interlayer interactions, attributed to the lone‐pair electrons of sulfur. Here, a novel liquid phase exfoliation approach is reported, which enables the overcome of such strong interlayer binding energy. Specifically, it demonstrates that the synergistic action of external thermal energy with the ultrasound energy‐induced hydrodynamic force in solution gives rise to the systematic isolation of highly crystalline SnS monolayers (1L‐SnS). It is shown that the exfoliated 1L‐SnS crystals exhibit high carrier mobility and deep‐UV spectral photodetection, featuring a fast carrier response time of 400 ms. At the same time, monolayer‐based SnS transistor devices fabricated from solution present a high on/off ratio, complemented with a responsivity of 6.7 × 10−3 A W−1 and remarkable stability upon prolonged operation in ambient conditions. This study opens a new avenue for large‐scale isolation of highly crystalline SnS and other MMC manolayers for a wide range of applications, including extended area nanoelectronic devices, printed from solution.
The impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on grain and oilseed trade
Authors: Ahn Soojung , Kim Dongin , Steinbach Sandro
Published: December 2022

This paper provides an ex‐post impact assessment of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on international grain and oilseed trade. We use a commodity‐level empirical model to assess the counterfactual trade effects and evaluate the region‐specific global trade reallocation effects. We find that grain and oilseed imports from Ukraine were 78.2% below the counterfactual between February and July 2022. The Russia–Ukraine war caused substantial trade diversion, mainly benefiting countries in North America and Europe. The adjustment of global grain and oilseed trade operates primarily through price adjustments, with considerable heterogeneity across commodity groups. Our ex‐ante analysis demonstrates that the Ukraine–Russia war had substantial trade implications for the directly involved countries but only limited ones for the global grain and oilseed markets in terms of traded quantity.
Prevalence of neuropsychiatric conditions and cognitive impairment in two parallel, aging study cohorts from rural and urban India
Authors: Sundarakumar Jonas S. , Menesgere Abhishek L. , Jain Shubham , Hameed Shafeeq K.S. ,   SANSCOG & TLSA Study Teams, Ravindranath Vijayalakshmi
Published: December 2022

Introduction

With the rising proportion of the elderly in India, the burden of neuropsychiatric conditions and cognitive impairment is escalating.

Methods

Baseline data of cognitively healthy subjects ≥45 years of age, from two longitudinal, aging cohorts in rural (n = 3262) and urban (n = 693) India, were used to calculate prevalence of depression, early‐life stressful events, stroke, head injury, and cognitive impairment.

Results

Depression prevalence was significantly higher in rural than urban subjects, with female preponderance in both groups. Early life stressor (parental death) and head injury were significantly more common in rural than in urban India, whereas stroke was more in urban India. There was no significant difference in overall prevalence of cognitive impairment between the rural and urban cohorts; however, women had higher prevalence than men in rural, whereas this was reverse in urban subjects. Depression and stroke were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in the rural cohort.

Discussion

Longitudinal assessment of these neuropsychiatric conditions, with parallel cognitive monitoring, will help identify their causal relationship with dementia.
Heterogeneous Hydrogenation with Hydrogen Spillover Enabled by Nitrogen Vacancies on Boron Nitride‐Supported Pd Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yazhou , Zhan Shaoqi , Liu Kunlong , Qiao Mengfei , Liu Ning , Qin Ruixuan , Xiao Liangping , You Pengyao , Jing Wentong , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: December 2022

Heterogeneous hydrogenation with hydrogen spillover has been demonstrated as an effective route to achieve high selectivity towards target products. More effort should be paid to understand the complicated correlation between the nature of supports and hydrogenation involving hydrogen spillover. Herein, we report the development of the hydrogenation system of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN)‐supported Pd nanoparticles for the hydrogenation of aldehydes/ketones to alcohols with hydrogen spillover. Nitrogen vacancies in h‐BN determine the feasibility of hydrogen spillover from Pd to h‐BN. The hydrogenation of aldehydes/ketones with hydrogen spillover from Pd proceeds on nitrogen vacancies on h‐BN. The weak adsorption of alcohols to h‐BN inhibits the deep hydrogenation of aldehydes/ketones, thus leading to high catalytic selectivity to alcohols. Moreover, the hydrogen spillover‐based hydrogenation mechanism makes the catalyst system exhibit a high tolerance to CO poisoning.
Influence of Side Chain Conformation on the Activity of Glycosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Tseng Po‐Sen , Ande Chennaiah , Moremen Kelley W. , Crich David
Published: December 2022

Substrate side chain conformation impacts reactivity during glycosylation and glycoside hydrolysis and is restricted by many glycosidases and glycosyltransferases during catalysis. We show that the side chains of gluco and manno iminosugars can be restricted to predominant conformations by strategic installation of a methyl group. Glycosidase inhibition studies reveal that iminosugars with the gauche,gauche side chain conformations are 6‐ to 10‐fold more potent than isosteric compounds with the gauche,trans conformation; a manno‐configured iminosugar with the gauche,gauche conformation is a 27‐fold better inhibitor than 1‐deoxymannojirimycin. The results are discussed in terms of the energetic benefits of preorganization, particularly when in synergy with favorable hydrophobic interactions. The demonstration that inhibitor side chain preorganization can favorably impact glycosidase inhibition paves the way for improved inhibitor design through conformational preorganization.