bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prescribing inhaled therapy in asthma: health professionals' habits and beliefs
Authors: Booth Andrew
Published: April 2020

National and international asthma guidelines provide the evidence base for prescribing growing array of different inhaled therapies. However, the advice given is generic. The influence of nurses in prescribing inhaled therapy continues to grow, yet there is little published to help understand how and why nurses prescribe or advise on the prescribing of inhaled therapy in asthma. The aim of the study was to gain a better understanding of how health professionals make prescribing decisions in inhaled therapy, which was done by taking a survey. The survey gathered data of the habits and beliefs on prescribing inhaled corticosteroid/inhaled long-acting B2 agonist therapy in asthma, from 100 primary healthcare professionals. As a result of the study, patient preference, dose counter and maintenance and reliever therapy were reported to be considered the most important elements by health professionals. The device was considered more important than the drug, and there is an ongoing need for further education of health professionals in this area. Comparing responses from this study with similar responses from people with asthma may bring together the thinking of patients and professionals.
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview
Authors: Mantle David , Hargreaves Iain P
Published: April 2020

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disorder in the UK, for which little effective conventional treatment is available. Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This article focuses on the role of the vitamin-like substance coenzyme Q10 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, since coenzyme Q10 plays a key role in mitochondrial function, as well as having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. Coenzyme Q10 levels are depleted in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and studies in animal models and human subjects have indicated that supplementation with coenzyme Q10 can significantly reduce oxidative stress and the inflammation characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients are at increased risk of developing heart failure, and supplementary coenzyme Q10 may help to reduce this risk. Supplementary coenzyme Q10 is generally well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects reported in long-term use.
Are you complying with the Mental Health Act?
Authors: Frankova Helena
Published: April 2020

The Mental Health Act 1983 allows people to be detained for treatment. Do services do so while protecting people's human rights and dignity? We review the Care Quality Commission's annual 2018/19 report on monitoring providers' use of the Act
How do you hold a meeting in a lockdown?
Authors: Cumberlege Justin
Published: April 2020

Justin Cumberlege, a partner in the healthcare law firm Hempsons, considers whether you are able to hold statutory meetings in a lockdown
Ensuring remote consultations are undertaken safely
Authors: Hendry Rob
Published: April 2020

When it comes to remote consultations, the situation is fast changing. Rob Hendry has some advice for practice managers to keep abreast of current advice from the appropriate regulatory authorities
Prioritising the care of older people at home
Authors: Seldon Peter
Published: April 2020

As the NHS gears up for the burden likely to be placed on already stretched resources by coronavirus, attention is turning once again to the number of older patients in hospitals. As the primary at risk group: how can they be protected from exposure?
Georeferencing Napoleonic Cartography to reconstruct Ancient Egypt landscapes: methods in comparison and the case of the island of iw-rd in the 16th nomos of Upper Egypt
Authors: Domizia D'Erasmo
Published: April 2020

The Egyptian landscape over the millennia has been affected by geomorphological and urban changes that have also involved the hydrological scenery, with the consequent transformation of areas around watercourses. This paper aims to highlight the possibilities derived from the consultation of Napoleonic cartography for the study of the Egyptian landscape through GIS platforms, providing an innovative methodology for its georeferencing. The strengths of this resource, joined to the traditional research methods, will be illustrated through the case of the ancient island of iw-rd located in the 16th nomos of Upper Egypt.
3D Modelling and Visualization in Field Archaeology. From Survey To Interpretation Of The Past Using Digital Technologies
Authors: Daniele Ferdani  , Emanuel Demetrescu  , Marco Cavalieri  , Gloriana Pace  , Sara Lenzi
Published: April 2020

Over the last few decades, there has been a growing interest in the fusion of the humanities and the hard sciences. The continuous experimentation and contamination between these two disciplines has led to the emergence of new horizons of research and open to perspectives and issues previously unthinkable. Finally, it has started the development of specific technologies for the cultural domain. Among these technologies, virtual archaeology, which we could define as the set of processes of acquisition, analysis and interpretation aimed at visualizing and simulating the past using 3D digital technologies and a theoretical and multidisciplinary scientific approach, has now reached its maturity. In this contribution the potentials in using 3D modelling as a tool of investigation and visualization for a deeper understanding of archaeological sites is presented. The discussion is supported by the case study of the roman villa of Aiano, built at the beginning of the 4th century A.D. and characterized by monumental architecture and decorations.
Rice phyllosphere bacteria producing antifungal compounds as biological control agents of blast disease
Authors: SRI MARTINA WIRASWATI  , ABDJAD ASIH NAWANGSIH  , IMAN RUSMANA  , Wahyudi Aris Tri
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Wiraswati SM, Nawangsih AA, Rusmana I, Wahyudi AT. 2020. Rice phyllosphere bacteria producing antifungal compounds as biological control agents of blast disease. Biodiversitas 21: 1273-1278. In vitro analysis of rice phyllosphere bacteria can be developed as biocontrol agents of blast disease using their antifungal activity. To prove the efficacy of bacterial isolates in reducing the severity of blast disease, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. Furthermore, antifungal compounds produced by potential bacterial isolate were also identified using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/ Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The application of seven rice phyllosphere bacterial isolates significantly reduced the severity of blast disease in rice (var: Ciherang). Surprisingly, the isolate STGG 14 is the most effective with 70.83% of blast disease reduction. Isolate STGG 14 has been identified as Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis which is known as various bioactive compounds producer. It was confirmed through identification of antifungal compounds produced by isolate STGG 14. The bioautography test shows that crude bioactive compounds from isolate STGG 14 could inhibit P. oryzae race 173. On the further analysis using LC-MS/MS, four bioactive compounds isolated from isolate STGG 14 were identified as moracin C, psoralen, 4,6-dimethyl-3 (4’-hydroxyphenyl) coumarin and xanthotoxin. All identified compounds except moracin C, belong to the coumarin group. According to the previous studies, among all compounds, psoralen and xanthotoxin displayed antifungal activity against several fungal pathogens.
Nutritional contents and the utilization of Indonesian native starfruits: Averrhoa dolicocarpa and A. leucopetala
Authors: Damayanti Frisca , Astuti Inggit Puji , Zulkarnaen Rizmoon Nurul , Sunarti Siti
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Damayanti F, Astuti IP, Zulkarnaen RN, Sunarti S. 2020. Nutritional contents and the utilization of Indonesian native starfruit: Averrhoa dolicocarpa and A. leucopetala. Biodiversitas 21: 1303-1309. Averrhoa dolicocarpa Rugayah & Sunarti and Averrhoa leucopetala Rugayah & Sunarti (wild starfruits) are new species of starfruit native to Indonesia. Both species have become plants collection in the Bogor Botanical Gardens (BBG). However, the nutritional content and the utilization of these two species have not been revealed in detail. The species of starfruit that are often widely used by the community are Averrhoa bilimbi and Averrhoa carambola. Therefore, the study aimed to reveal the nutritional content and excavate the potential use of A.dolicocarpa and A.leucopetala. The study was conducted by testing the proximate test, vitamin C content, total phenol, and experiment of starfruit as processed food ingredients. The result showed that the moisture, ash, fat, protein, and total dietary fiber content of A.dolicocarpa and A.leucopetala were comparable to A.bilimbi and A.carambola, while Vitamin C content and total phenol of A.bilimbi were significantly higher than A.dolicocarpa and A.leucopetala. Furthermore, A.dolicocarpa and A.leucopetala can be used as processed food ingredients, such as starfruit fish soup, healthy drinks, pudding, candy, and syrup. But, more comprehensive study on potential uses of A.dolicocarpa and A.leucopetala were still needed to explore information from both species.
Aboveground biomass, productivity and carbon sequestration in Rhizophora stylosa mangrove forest of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Analuddin Kangkuso , La Ode Kadidae , La Ode Muhammad Yasir Haya , Andi Septiana , Idin Sahidin , La Syahrir , Rahim Saban , La Ode Abdul Fajar , Kazuo Nadaoka
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Analuddin K, Kadidae LO, Haya LOMY, Septiana A, Sahidin I, Syahrir L, Rahim S, Fajar LOA, Nadaoka K. 2020. Aboveground biomass, productivity and carbon sequestration in Rhizophora stylosa mangrove forest of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1316-1325. This study was aimed at analyzing the trends of aboveground biomass (AGB), productivity and carbon sequestration of Rhizophora stylosa Griff. forest in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park (RAWNP), Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The DBH was the best predictor for partial and whole AGB of R. stylosa trees. The mean AGB was 562.76 ton ha-1. The yearly biomass increment of living trees, biomass increment of whole stands, standing dead biomass, and litterfall in R. stylosa forest were estimated as 52.87, 50.09, 2.78 and 12.00 ton ha-1, respectively, while its net primary production was about 64.88 ton ha-1 yr-1 indicating higher mangrove productivity. The total carbon stock in R. stylosa forest was 264.50 ton ha-1, while the annual net carbon budget, carbon gain and carbon input in R. stylosa forest was 23.54, 24.85 and 5.64 ton ha-1. However, the total CO2 stored in R. stylosa forest was 969.83 ton ha-1, while the annual of net CO2 uptake, CO2 gained and CO2 input was 86.33, 91.12 and 20.86 ton ha-1. The higher carbon sequestration and CO2 uptake in R. stylosa forest indicate its significant role in the global carbon accumulation and reducing atmospheric CO2.
Phytochemical diversity and antimicrobial properties of methanol extract of several cultivars of Catharanthus roseus using GC-MS
Authors: Samiyarsih Siti , NUR FITRIANTO  , ELLY PROKLAMASININGSIH  , JUWARNO  , JUNI SAFITRI MULJOWATI
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Samiyarsih S, Fitrianto N, Proklamasiningsih E, Juwarno, Muljowati JS. 2020. Phytochemical diversity and antimicrobial properties of methanol extract of several cultivars of Catharanthus roseus using GC-MS. Biodiversitas 21: 1332-1344. Catharanthus roseus (L.) G is an important medicinal plant to evaluate the possibility of novel pharmaceuticals since most of the bacterial pathogens are developing resistance against antibiotics. This research aimed to determine the phytochemical diversity of methanol extract of eight cultivars of C. roseus and to evaluate for possible antimicrobial (antifungal and antibacterial) activities. It is the first research to compare phytochemicals and antimicrobial potential among C. roseus cultivars. The compound obtained was screened by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. While agar-well disc diffusion method was employed to measure antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Based on GC-MS analysis, a total of 18 significantly different metabolite compounds. The abundances of phytochemical compounds (18 classes total) in each cultivar were Dark Pink (66%), Pink (50%), Purple Pink (44%), Pale Pink (27%), White (44%), Milky White (50%), Whitish pink (50%) and Pinkish Red (55%). The leaves extracts showed antimicrobial activity with inhibition zones ranging from 6.40-22.00 mm and 3.35-8.20 mm, respectively. The best antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, A. flavus, and A. niger with the zone of inhibition 16.10±1.67 mm, 22.00±0.33 mm, 6.05±0.67 mm and 8.20±0.50 mm respectively by Dark Pink cultivar.
Management practices and contribution of village chickens to livelihoods of communal farmers: The case of Centane and Mount Frere in Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Gunya Busisiwe , Muchenje Voster , Gxasheka Masibonge , Tyasi Thobela , Masika Patrick
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Gunya B, Muchenje V, Gxasheka M, Tyasi LT, Masika PJ. 2020. Management practices and contribution of village chickens to livelihoods of communal farmers: The case of Centane and Mount Frere in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Biodiversitas 21: 1345-1351. This study was conducted to determine village chickens production practices and their contribution to the livelihoods of farmers in rural households of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Data were gathered using a questionnaire survey of 150 households, which were identified by the use of snowball sampling. Village chickens were the most livestock species kept by farmers, mostly owned by women (79.61% in Centane and 81.06% in Mount Frere) and were kept for household food needs. Some farmers (21.92% and 25.31%) also occasionally sold their chickens at an average of R80 ($7.22) per bird. Most (93.13% and 76.44%) chickens flocks were provided with supplementary feed. The majority of farmers (80.31% and 88.33%) provided shelter for their chickens. The causes of chicken losses were reported to be diseases, predators, parasites and theft. The most cited disease problem was Newcastle (50.32% and 66.02%) while major predators were eagles (84.91% and 81.82%). The most common internal parasites were roundworms and tapeworm whilst the most reported external parasites were poultry lice and mites. The majority of farmers (94.51% and 92.21%) reported using chicken manure to improve the fertility of soils in their gardens. Chickens had a varied social role in the two areas, i.e., donation (61.63% and 68.82%) to neighbors and relatives. The majority of farmers (84.90%) in Centane didn't use chickens for cultural purposes whilst the majority (55.85%) in Mount Frere used chickens for cultural purposes. The present study showed that village chickens have a contribution to the livelihoods of rural households.
Bioconversion of isoflavones glycoside to aglycone during edamame (Glycine max) soygurt production using Streptococcus thermophillus FNCC40, Lactobacillus delbrueckii FNCC41, and L. plantarum FNCC26
Authors: NOVILA SANTI LOVABYTA  , Jayus Jay , ARI SATIA NUGRAHA
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Lovabyta NS, Jayus J, Nugraha AS. 2020. Bioconversion of isoflavones glycoside to aglycone during edamame (Glycine max) soygurt production using Streptococcus thermophillus FNCC40, Lactobacillus delbrueckii FNCC41, and L. plantarum FNCC26. Biodiversitas 21: 1358-1364. Due to its strong radical-scavenging and antioxidative activity, isoflavones in soybeans have received great attention for the development of functional foods. This study focused on bioconversion of isoflavones glycoside into its aglycone form of edamame green soymilk fermented with three lactic acid bacteria (LAB), i.e., S. thermophilus FNCC40, L. bulgaricus FNCC41, and L. plantarum FNCC26 to produce soygurt. Green soymilk was fermented with 6% (v/v) of LABs as a starter culture for 24 hours at 37ºC. Its antioxidative activity were measured using DPPH free radical scavenging activity method. Daidzein and genistein released during fermentation were fractionated using HPLC and detected further by LCMS to confirm the presence of these two substances. The results showed that the population density of starter culture in green soymilk reached 109 CFU/mL, and the pH decrease from 6.8 to 3.5. All LABs cultures used in the fermentation process were able to produce free aglycone, releasing more daidzein and genistein. Increasing daidzein and genistein content in soygurt results in increasing antioxidative activity. The highest antioxidative activity (IC50 = 41.01 mg/mL) was found in the soygurt fermented with S. thermophilus FNCC40. This finding indicates that S. thermophilus FNCC40, L. bulgaricus FNCC41, and L. plantarum FNCC26 are potential as an effective starter culture to produce a soygurt with good antioxidant activity.
Food habits of endemic opudi fish (Telmatherina prognatha, Kottelat 1991) in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Andi Chadijah , Sulistiono  , Ridwan Affandi  , Gadis Sri Haryani  , Ali Mashar
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Chadijah A, Sulistiono, Affandi R, Haryani GS, Mashar A. 2020. Food habits of endemic opudi fish (Telmatherina prognatha, Kottelat 1991) in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1373-1378. The opudi fish (Telmatherina prognatha) is endemic fish in Matano Lake, South Sulawesi. This study aims to analyze food habits of the opudi fish. This study was conducted from March 2018 to February 2019 in the Matano Lake at six sampling sites in Lawa River, Wotu pali, Salonsa Beach, Utuno, Petea River, and Tanah Merah. The sampling was taken using bag nets with 0.5 inches of mesh size. Food observation was carried out by examining the stomach of the fish. Analysis of the diet includes index stomach content (ISC), occurrent frequency and index of preponderance (IP). The fish was consisted of 687 males and 478 females. Stomach contents of the fish consisted of three kinds of foods such part of insect, debris and plankton. IP for male consisted of part of insect (58%), debris (13%), and plankton (Nitzschia sp. Eunotia sp. 11%). IP for female consisted of part of insect (33%), Navicula sp. and debris (17%), followed by Nitzschia sp. (13%).
DNA-based analysis of shark products sold on the Indonesian market towards seafood labelling accuracy program
Authors: Abdullah Asadatun , MALA NURILMALA  , EFIN MUTTAQIN  , IRFAN YULIANTO
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Abdullah A, Nurilmala M, Muttaqin E, Yulianto I. 2020. DNA-based analysis of shark products sold on the Indonesian market towards seafood labelling accuracy program. Biodiversitas 21: 1385-1390. Authentication of fishery products has relied mainly on DNA analysis of mitochondrial genes such as cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) DNA barcoding and cytochrome b (cyt b) gene fragments. The trend of sharks and rays food products trading in Indonesia significantly increased, due to their important role as protein source which may threaten the vulnerability status of some species. This study was aimed to determine the reliability of COI mini- DNA barcode and cyt b fragment for identification of shark species of heavily processed fishery products. We found the mini-DNA barcode was an effective tool to identify the shark species traded in local markets with most of the sample identifies as Carcharhinus falciformis. Our results highlight the urgency of applying DNA-based method as a routine method to control the labelling of Indonesian fish products and to manage sustainable fisheries.
Refugia Refugia effect on arthropods in an organic paddy field in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Suyono Zainal Abidin , AMIN SETYO LEKSONO  , BAGYO YANUWIADI  , MANGKU PURNOMO
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Abidin Z, Leksono AS, Yanuwiadi B, Purnomo M. 2020. Refugia effect toward arthropods in an organic paddy field in Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1415-1421. This study aims to determine the abundance, community structure, and diversity of arthropod visitors of refugia in organic paddy fields in the Malang District of East Java, Indonesia. This research was conducted in 2019 from February to June and covered the stages from planting to harvest. The paddy fields were divided into 12 plots consisting of six refugia plots and six control plots. Sampling was carried out in two five-day phases, specifically in the vegetative phase (February) and the generative phase (June) of paddy plants. The results showed that 28.184 species consisting of nine orders and 40 families were observed. The abundance of common predator families, such as the Aleyrodidae, Formicidae, Libellulidae, and Tetragnatidae, in organic paddy. The average arthropod taxa richness in the refugia was 20.59 ± 12.24 species, while in the control it was 13.16 ± 8.95 species. Statistical analysis showed that the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The average arthropod diversity in the refugia was 2.39 ± 0.78 species, while in control was 2.35 ± 0.15 species. In conclusion, the population of arthropods was the highest in the refugia. Therefore, organic paddy surrounded by refugia with wild plants was the most appropriate habitat and niche for predatory arthropods.
Short Communication: The herpetofauna around human settlements in Lubuklinggau City, South Sumatra, Indonesia: Composition and diversity
Authors: Samitra Dian , Fakhrur Rozi Zico
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Samitra D, Rozi ZF. 2020. The herpetofauna around human settlements in Lubuklinggau City, South Sumatra, Indonesia: Composition and diversity. Biodiversitas 21: 1432-1437. Herpetofauna research has been conducted mostly in conservation forest areas, so little is known about herpetofauna outside the conservation areas, such as those around the human settlements. The data of herpetofauna near human settlements are important in carrying out conservation actions. This study aimed to determine the diversity of herpetofauna around human settlements in the city of Lubuklinggau. The study was conducted from February to August 2019. Herpetofauna samples were taken in three habitats around settlements, i.e., plantation, rice field, and river. Sampling was done with the method of visual encounter survey and time-constrained search. The data were analyzed using ecological indexes, i.e., relative abundance, and indexes of diversity, evenness, similarity, and dominance. The results showed that 378 individuals of herpetofauna were found, belonging to 27 species (12 amphibians and 15 reptiles). Eighteen species were found in the plantation (7 amphibians and 11 reptiles), 15 species in the river (10 amphibians and 5 reptiles), and 14 species in the rice field (6 amphibians and 8 reptiles). Similarity index analysis showed that the rice field had quite different species from other habitats. The herpetofauna diversity around settlements was categorized as medium.
Molecular and morphological characterization of EMS-induced chili pepper mutants resistant to Chili veinal mottle virus
Authors: Manzila Ifa , Tri Puji Priyatno  , KRISTIANTO NUGROHO  , RERENSTRADIKA TIZAR TERRYANA  , Puji Lestari  , SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Manzila I, Priyatno TP, Nugroho K, Terryana RT, Lestari P, Hidayat SH. 2020. Molecular and morphological characterization of EMS-induced chili pepper mutants resistant to Chili veinal mottle virus. Biodiversitas 21: 1448-1457. Chili veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) is a major prevalent virus that potentially reduces the yield of chili pepper by more than 50% in Indonesia. Therefore, the development of a ChiVMV-resistant cultivar is necessary to ensure satisfactory chili pepper production. Mutation breeding is a promising tool available to produce virus-resistant plants via the induction of new alleles due to point mutations within the existing chili germplasm. This research was conducted to assess the genetic variation of ten promising (M6) EMS-induced mutant lines of chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) potentially resistant to ChiVMV by their morphological characteristics and SSR profile, as well as identify potential mutants based on agronomic traits. The ten chili pepper mutant lines used in the present study were derived from the shoot tips of a Gelora cultivar treated with 0.5% ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) as a chemical mutagen. The performance of the respective promising chili pepper mutant lines both at a molecular and morphological level was observed. Phenotypic analysis showed that all the promising chili pepper mutant lines underwent significant morphological changes. Of these, the phenotype coefficient variation (PCV) values were higher than the genotype coefficient variation (GCV) values for all the traits observed. High heritability (h2) was found for the canopy area, length of the fruit stalk, fruit weight, fruit weight per plant, thick fruit flesh, leaf width, leaf length, and fruit storage duration. A total of 52 alleles were detected from the five polymorphic SSR loci with 5.2 average alleles/loci. A dendrogram was generated and revealed two groups with five mutants clustered separately from their parents which could be valuable for further improvement.
Supporting plant diversity and conservation through landscape planning: A case study in an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Saroinsong Fabiola Baby
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Saroinsong FB. 2020. Supporting plant diversity and conservation through landscape planning: a case study in an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1518-1526. Plants are one of the living elements of a landscape which have dynamic characteristics. In the green/vegetation concept, the diversity of plants becomes vital in landscape planning to articulate the ecological, socio-cultural, and economic aspects in effort to mitigate biodiversity loss. The aim of this study is to illustrate the application of the green concept when planning an agro-tourism landscape in Tampusu region, North Sulawesi, Indonesia which demonstrates the function and utilization of plants in landscape management while paying attention to plant diversity. Data collection was conducted by field surveys, interviews, and literature studies. Data collected and analyzed included the existing conditions of site, site history, planning goal, topography, flora and fauna, climate, existing facilities and utilities, and area management. Based on its function, the green concept in landscape planning in Tampusu agro-tourism grouped plant diversity into four functions, namely production, ecological, architectural, and aesthetic functions. The ecological aspect of plant species selection (both existing species and added species) was based on the consideration of the plant's function in the landscape with special consideration of its contribution to plant diversity and conservation including those considered as endemic species. There are architectural function for examples Goodyera celebica, Racemobambos celebica, Ficus minahassae, Pterospermum celebicum, Diospyros celebica; ecological function for examples F. minahassae, Clerodendrum minahassae, Vatica celebica, Myristica minahassae, Diospyros minahassae, Korthalsia celebica, Licuala celebica, Aquilaria beccariana, Kibatalia wigmanii, Lithocarpus celebica; production function for examples Musa celebica, Musa acuminafe; aesthetic function for examples C. minahassae, Ixora celebica, D. celebica, R. celebica, Phalaenopsis celebensis. This study demonstrates that the application of the green concept in landscape planning can help to translate plant diversity and conservation into management actions, especially in agro-tourism landscape.
Short Communication: Prevalence and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminth infection among farmers in Gelgel Village, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Putu indah Budiapsari , ANAK AGUNG GEDE INDRANINGRAT  , HENY ARWATI  , YOES PRIJATNA DACHLAN
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Apsari PIB, Indraningrat AAG, Arwati H, Dachlan YP. 2020. Short Communication: Prevalence and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminth infection among farmers in Gelgel Village, Klungkung District, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1535-1540. Soil-transmitted helminths infection remains a problem in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Indonesia is one of the tropical countries with a high prevalence of STH infection in children and high-risk population such as farmers. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of STH infection from farmers. STH infection was diagnosed by Kato-Katz modified technique, while risk factors relevant to STH infection were assessed by a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and multiple regression test. A total of 162 fecal-samples and questionnaires were obtained from 250 participants. Twenty-two subjects (13.5%) were positive, and 140 subjects (86.5%) were negative for STH infection giving the prevalence rate of 13.5% among farmers. Several significant risk factors for STH infection were age, gender, level of study, income, eating fresh unwashed vegetable, hand washing without soap, defecation site, without wearing hand gloves and protective cloth, bare walking foot, and the use of synthetic fertilizer. So we can conclude that personal hygiene factors were the most contributed factors for STH infection.
Mangrove vegetation and bird communities around Tegal Port, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Isworo Slamet , POERNA SRI OETARI
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Isworo S, Oetari PS. 2020. Mangrove vegetation and bird communities around Tegal Port, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1551-1560. The ecological balance in Tegal harbor area needs to get serious attention due to the impacts of Tegal Port activities. For this purpose, the diversity of mangrove and avifauna (bird) can be used as bio-indicators of the ecological stability of the area. This study aimed to assess and analyze the diversity of plants and avifauna (birds) that live in mangrove and coastal zones around Tegal Port development area. Data collection was conducted using purposive random sampling method on two sites for vegetation and three sites for avifauna. The importance value index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Sorensen’s similarity index was calculated for the vegetation. For birds, we calculated the diversity and similarity index as well as identified their conservation status based on the IUCN Red List, CITES and government regulations. In terms of vegetation, Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina dominate Site 2 (Tegalsari) while Casuarina equisetifolia and R. mucronata dominate Site 3 (Alam Indah Beach). Overall, the vegetation has low biodiversity index and similarity between sites is also low. For bird, there are 37 species from 18 families. Site 1 (Muara Reja) has the highest number of species with 29 species, followed by Site 2 (Tegalsari) with 25 species, and Site 3 (Alam Indah Beach) with 22 species. The three sites have moderate diversity index and there is high similarity index between sites. All bird species found in the study sites are listed as Least Concern under IUCN Red List, while there are two species protected under national protection law, i.e. Ardea alba and Glareola maldivarum. In general, the condition of mangrove vegetation around Tegal Port has low diversity. This suggests that the pressure on the environment is quite high, causing only few plant species to be able to live and dominate the ecosystem. The limited vegetation also causes birds community, especially the protected A. alba and G. maldivarum in Site 2, becomes increasingly difficult to find, because places to find food, breeding places and places to rest are disturbed.
The isolation, characterization endophytic bacteria on indole-3-acetic acid-producing and phosphate solubilizing from roots of local rice plant Kamba in Bada Valley, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Sri Sudewi  , AMBO ALA  , BAHARUDDIN  , MUH. FARID
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Sudewi S, Ala A, Baharuddin, Farid M. 2020. The isolation, characterization endophytic bacteria on from roots of local rice plant Kamba in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1614-1624. The local Kamba rice plants are cultivated by the Bada Valley people for generations by obtaining seeds from previous crops. This rice plant is able to survive even though it is cultivated with traditional cultivation techniques. The ability to survive is suspected because this local rice plant is associated with endophytic bacteria through a variety of mechanisms including being able to produce the IAA hormone and its ability to dissolve phosphate. This study aims to find endophytic bacteria that have the potential to produce IAA and phosphate solvents through morphological and physiological characterization (Gram reaction test with 3% KOH, catalase test, hypersensitivity reaction and hemolysis activity), screening of IAA-producing bacteria qualitative and quantitative, phosphate dissolution activity on Pikovskaya medium, and quantitative using a spectrophotometer. Endophytic bacteria isolates from Gintu give the highest yields in IAA production and phosphate solubility activity, namely RKGU11 and RKGU6, respectively at 4,905 mg L-1 and 10.984 mg L-1 so that it has the potential to be used as a candidate for biofertilizer agents in developing effective sustainable agriculture, respectively, efficient and environmentally friendly.
Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Authors: Mau Yosep S. , Ndiwa Antonius , Oematan Shirly
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Mau YS, Ndiwa ASS, Oematan SS. 2020. Brown spot disease severity, yield and yield loss relationships in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1625-1634. Brown spot is one of the most devastating diseases of rice, which could lead to total yield loss. The disease has a worldwide distribution, more specifically in areas where water supply is scarce, most specifically in the dry upland areas. Almost all stages of rice are affected by the disease, where leaves and grains are mostly affected. Considerable differences exist in susceptibility to brown spot among rice varieties, which may cause a large variation in yield loss caused by the disease. Therefore, the resistance level of rice varieties and their yield reduction has to be regularly evaluated and updated. There are only a few reports on the relationship between brown spot severity with yield and yield loss of upland rice, and is even lacking in pigmented upland rice. The objectives of the present study were to assess the brown spot severity and resistance level in pigmented upland rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, and to elucidate their relationships with yield and yield reduction. Twenty four pigmented upland rice genotypes were evaluated in the field during May to October 2019, and their disease responses and yields were recorded. Disease severity was observed weekly and used to calculate Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) for comparison among the genotypes. The relationships between disease severity and AUDPC with yield and yield loss were also examined. The results showed significant variation in brown spot severity and AUDPC, ranging from, respectively, 11.11% to 40.70% and 398.42%-days to 1081.30%-days. Yields and yield losses of test genotypes also varied substantially. Yields under diseased-free and diseased plots ranged from, respectively, 2.34 t ha-1 to 6.13 t ha-1 and 1.68 t ha-1 to 3.74 t ha-1 while yield loss was between 10.46% and 56.15%. Six genotypes were moderately resistant, four genotypes were moderately susceptible and 14 genotypes were susceptible to brown spot. Neither disease severity nor AUDPC had a linear relationship with yield but both exhibited positive and linear relationships with yield loss.
Ethnobotany of suweg, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Utilization and cultivation in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: ASEP ZAINAL MUTAQIN  , DENNY KURNIADIE  , JOHAN ISKANDAR  , MOHAMAD NURZAMAN  , Partasasmita Ruhyat
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Mutaqin AZ, Kurniadie D, Iskandar J, Nurzaman M, Partasasmita R. 2020. Ethnobotany of suweg, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius: Utilization and cultivation in West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1635-1644. Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, locally known as suweg, is a bulbous plant that has many benefits, but has not been cultivated as intensively as other species from the Araceae family. Suweg grows scattered in various rural areas in Indonesia, including West Java. Some suweg plants are cultivated by villagers, while the others grow wildly in forested areas. Suweg is commonly cultivated in several types of agroecosystems, such as home gardens (pekarangan) and gardens (kebun), using traditional ecological knowledge inherited from generation to generation. This study aims to investigate the utilization and cultivation of suweg by a community in Cisoka Village, Cikijing Sub-district, Majalengka District, West Java. This study used a qualitative method using ethnobotany approach, i.e. an emic analysis of the perception and local knowledge of community on suweg, and then validated using scientific or ethical knowledge. Field data collection was done by observation and semi-structured interviews with key informants chosen purposively considered having expertise and knowledge about suweg. The results showed that suweg has long been cultivated or growing naturally in Cisoka Village. The species has been culturally utilized by the rural community as additional food sources of carbohydrates, fish feed, and traditional ceremonies. However, the use of traditional ceremonies has been lost its importance. Suweg is generally used by the elderly, with certain groups, such as rural fish farmers and some younger age groups or children who like suweg. The rural people of Cisoka Village also mentioned that suweg was not cultivated as intensively as other. This is partly because it is considered not to have a high economic value as other agricultural commodities.
Short Communication: Local perceptions about utilization of invasive alien species Opuntia ficus-indica in three Local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: LULEKA MDWESHU  , Maroyi A.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Mdweshu L, Maroyi A. 2020. Short Communication: Local perceptions about utilization of invasive alien species Opuntia ficus-indica in three Local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Biodiversitas 21: 1653-1659.  Opuntia ficus-indica is a succulent plant species categorized as invasive in South Africa but has both commercial and non-market uses. This study evaluated local people’s perceptions about utilization of O. ficus-indica in three local Municipalities in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Data on the local perceptions on O. ficus-indica in the study area were documented through focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews via questionnaires with households between June 2018 and August 2019. A sample of 150 participants chosen using snowball-sampling method provided information on utilization of O. ficus-indica. The importance of O. ficus-indica as a useful plant species was ubiquitously perceived, with all participants reporting its contribution as an important component of their livelihood needs and more than three quarters (88.0%) were using the species on a regular basis. Close to half of the respondents (49.3%) regarded O. ficus-indica as an important source of cash income. The positive socio-economic contributions of O. ficus-indica need to be taken into account when evaluating the costs and benefits resulting from invasions caused by alien plant species.
Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxic activities of two distinct cultivars of Ganyong rhizomes (Canna indica) against the WiDr colon cancer cell line
Authors: IFANDARI  , SITARINA WIDYARINI  , L. HARTANTO NUGROHO  , Pratiwi Rarastoeti
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Ifandari, Widyarini S, Nugroho LH, Pratiwi R. 2020. Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxic activities of two distinct cultivars of Ganyong rhizomes (Canna indica) against the WiDr colon cancer cell line. Biodiversitas 21: 1660-1669. Canna indica L is an edible plant with high nutrient content and positive health benefits. In Indonesia, edible canna is divided into two cultivar groups: red edible canna and green edible canna. Canna indica L. is investigated in this study as a potential medicinal plant for colon cancer in WiDr cell lines. The phytochemical contents of two distinct cultivars of edible canna (known in Indonesia as ganyong), namely red edible canna and green edible canna. These two discrete samples were extracted by using two different solvents, dichloromethane and ethanol, followed by evaluation using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to detected functional group. In the analysis of the composition of the elements of chemical compounds, the samples subsequently injected into the liquid chromatography−high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The cell viability assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic activities of extracted compounds from two cultivars of edible canna in two different solvents. FTIR results demonstrated that the red and green edible canna extracts contained 17 and 18 functional group compounds, respectively. Furthermore, the cell viability was lower in WiDr cells treated with dichloromethane extract of red than green edible canna or the ethanol extract of red edible canna. Notably, LC-HRMS results of the most potent dichloromethane extract of red edible canna revealed the presence of fatty acid compounds. These findings indicate that the two cultivars of edible canna could potentially be utilized as promising candidates for colon cancer treatment.
Short Communication: New record of Stenotrophomonas sp. as endosymbiont bacteria in Rhizopus microsporus
Authors: Virgianti Dewi Peti , Natalia Desi , Aryantha I Nyoman Pugeg
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Virgianti DP, Natalia D, Aryantha INP. 2020. Short Communication: New record of Stenotrophomonas sp. as endosymbiont bacteria in Rhizopus microsporus. Biodiversitas 21: 1678-1685. Rhizopus sp. are closely related to humankind in many aspects of human life. Several species of Rhizopus are important in food, agriculture, and health industries. Rhizopus microsporus has endosymbiont bacteria that has been identified as Burkholderia sp. This study aimed to identify the endosymbiont bacteria in R. microsporus isolated from Moringa oleifera Lam leaves. Ring technique, simple method of agar heap technique and antibiotic technique, was conducted to purify the hyphae and to eliminate ectosymbiont and contaminant bacteria outside the hyphae. The presence of endosymbiont bacteria in R. microsporus was determined by using LIVE/DEAD® BacLight Bacterial Viability Kits L13152 and the Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) method using EUB338 probes. It was suggested that the culturable endosymbiont bacteria was identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. based on the phylogenetic tree using the 16S rDNA
The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the harvesting time of spray type Chrysanthemum cut flowers in medium land
Authors: Shintiavira Herni , SULISTYANINGSIH ENDANG , PURWANTORO AZIZ , AGUSTINA WULANDARI RANI
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Shintiavira H, Sulistyaningsih E, Purwantoro A, Wulandari RA. 2020. The effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the harvesting time of spray type Chrysanthemum cut flowers in medium land. Biodiversitas 21: 1723-1729. The high temperature of the medium land causes a delay in harvesting time and also decreases the diameter of Chrysanthemum cut flowers (Chrysanthemum morifolium R.). It is, however, possible to accelerate and increase the flower diameter through the use of the Gibberellic acid (GA3). This research, therefore, aimed to obtain the best GA3 concentration to accelerate harvesting time using three varieties of spray type Chrysanthemum cultivated on a medium land. The experimental design involved the use of a split-plot with three replications. The main plot varied the GA3 concentration between 0, 200, 400, and 600 mgL-1 while the subplot used the spray type Chrysanthemum varieties such us ‘Yastayuki’, ‘Arosuka Pelangi’, and ‘Socakawani’. It was applied on the 56, 63, and 70 days after planting (DAP). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a further test was conducted using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at α=0.05. The results showed GA3 at 400 mgL-1 was the best concentration to increase the harvesting time in all varieties. However, the harvesting time of spray type without secondary branching (‘Arosuka Pelangi’) was faster than spray type with secondary branching (‘Yastayuki’ and ‘Socakawani’). The harvesting time was earlier 13, 9, and 7 days for ‘Arosuka Pelangi’,’Yastayuki’ and ‘Socakawani’ compare with control, respectively. The average diameter of the blooming flowers was also wider with 54.9 mm compared to the control treatment which was 38.7 mm.
Short Communication: The diversity of termites along the altitudinal gradient in a Karst Area of Southern Gombong, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Pratiknyo Hery , ENDANG ARIYANI SETYOWATI
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Pratiknyo H, Setyowati EA. 2020. Short Communication: The diversity of termites along the altitudinal gradient in a Karst Area of Southern Gombong, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1730-1734. A karst area of Southern Gombong at altitudes of 0-500 m has a porous substrate whose soil content decreases as the altitude gets higher toward the top of the hill. This area is characterized by poor soil nutrient, but it has high CaCO3 and pH, which is not a favorable habitat for many species of termites which depend on soil substrate, as source of nutrient for community development, especially soil-feeding termites, as habitat for fungi as secondary daily diet, and as a stabilizer of the nest humidity. The aims of this research were to determine the diversity of termites along the altitudinal gradient in this karst area, and to determine the correlation between altitude and the termite diversity. The area was divided into 5 segments based on the altitudes, i.e., 0-100 m, 100-200 m, 200-300 m, 300-400 m, and 400-500 m. In each segment, a transect belt, 100 m long and 2 m wide, was made. Each transect was divided into 20 sections. Termites were sampled from living trees, branches, bark, litter and soil for 30 minutes per person in each section. The data were analyzed to determine the Shannon-Wienner diversity index (H¢), Shannon-Evenness index (E), and Simpson's Dominance index, and to find the correlation between the species diversity and altitude. The results showed that the termite diversity in the study site was low. Only four termite species were found with the indexes of diversity (H’), evenness (E), and dominance (D) of 1.01, 0.73 and 0.44 respectively. There was no linear correlation between termite diversity and altitude; the highest diversity was found in the middle altitudes, following the mid-domain effect model.