bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of botulinum toxin A on tyrosinase and melanin: A literature review
Authors: Hokky Liowina Adlin , Saraswati Made Ratna , Sriwidyani Ni Putu , Artini I Gusti Ayu , Widyadharma I Putu Eka , Winaya Ketut Kwartantaya
Published: August 2024

Background: Melanogenesis is the process of forming melanin pigment initiated by the amino acid L-tyrosine; the main enzyme is tyrosinase. Tyrosinase acts as a catalyst for the hydroxylation reaction of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA and the oxidation of o-diphenol to dopaquinone. Under physiological conditions, the above process can be protective for the skin. However, if it occurs chronically and the melanogenesis process is uncontrolled, the above process can cause hyperpigmentation. One modality that is being researched for its usefulness in the world of anti-aging as anti-hyperpigmentation agent is botulinum toxin A.
Literature review: Botulinum toxin A can inhibit the release of acetylcholine in nerve cells. Melanocytes originate from ectodermal tissue such as nervous tissue; it is hypothesized that this modality can also influence melanosomes directly on keratinized cells to form cross-dendritic connections. This was proven by SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells which had increased levels of botulinum toxin A, but not human dermal fibroblast cells. Botulinum toxin A is also hypothesized to indirectly impact the melanogenesis process by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines mediated by the interaction of melanocytes, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production inhibits the melanin biosynthesis process. This assumption was proven by a decrease in three pro-inflammatory cytokines such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), interleukin (IL)-1a, and prostaglandin E2 in keratinocytes
Conclusion: Intradermal injection of the botulinum toxin A has the potential to modulate tyrosinase enzyme and melanin synthesis. Botulinum toxin A can modulate melanin synthesis by directly inhibiting melanin synthesis in melanocytes and indirectly by modulating the interaction between melanocytes, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts.
Epidemiology and diagnostic tools practice of spinal tuberculosis at Kariadi Hospital Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Brotoarianto Happy Kurnia , Risdianto Ajid , Bakhtiar Yuriz , Kamil Muhammad , Arifin Muhamad Thohar
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Spinal tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common manifestations of extrapulmonary TB. In contrast to pulmonary TB, currently, there is no consensus for standard management of spinal TB particularly in diagnosis. This study aims to provide an overview of spinal TB from an epidemiological profile and diagnostic practice perspective at Kariadi Hospital, Semarang.
Method: We collect spinal TB patient data retrospectively through medical records in Kariadi Hospital Semarang between the 2019 to 2022 period. The data regarding all demographic profile, clinical, imaging, and laboratory data.
Result: A total of 40 patients were included in this study, 23 patients were diagnosed through histopathology, 32 patients were diagnosed using gene expert examination, and 17 patients by Acid Fast Bacillus Test. The highest age distribution was 37.5% in the 21-30-year age group, with thoracic level involvement in 70% of cases. The average age was 35.10 ± 14.10 with the main complaint being weakness of the limbs followed by complaints of back pain. The MRI images found were paravertebral abscess (67.5%), followed by vertebral body compression (27.5%), vertebral body destruction (20%), wedging compression and disc narrowing (20%), and kyphosis (12, 5%).
Conclusion: Establishing the diagnosis of spinal TB at Kariadi Hospital is very diverse, so management is needed regarding the selection of spinal TB diagnostic tools to provide appropriate management.
High serum platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as a risk factor for severe erythema nodosum leprosum
Authors: Setyono Alfred , Rusyati Luh Made Mas , Karmila I Gusti Ayu Agung Dwi , Winaya Ketut Kwartantaya , Praharsini I Gusti Ayu Agung , Suryawati Nyoman , Karna Ni Luh Putu Ratih Vibriyanti
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Reactions in leprosy occur during the disease's progression and can result in disability. Hematological examination by calculating the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) can potentially predict leprosy reactions, especially erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). This study aimed to asses the association between high PLR as a risk factor for severe ENL in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients at Prof. dr. I G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali.
Methods: This case-control study uses data from medical records of leprosy patients treated at Prof. dr. I G. N. G. Ngoerah General Hospital from February 2020 to December 2023. The case group comprises MB leprosy patients diagnosed with severe ENL, while the control group consists of MB leprosy patients without ENL. Platelet-to-lymphocyte is calculated by comparing absolute platelet counts with absolute lymphocyte counts from routine blood tests. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 by Chi-square test, sensitivity, specificity test and multivariate analysis.
Result: A total of 48 subjects included in this study. The analysis results in this study showed that PLR was a risk factor for severe ENL (OR: 4.20; 95%CI: 1.228 - 14.365). Meanwhile, the cut-off point value used to categorize PLR was 151.37, with a sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 58%. Multivariate analysis showed that PLR had an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of 2.38 (95%CI: 0.39 - 14.54; p= 0.347).
Conclusion: High PLR might be associated with an increased risk of severe ENL reactions in MB leprosy patients.
Inhibitory potensial of probitic drink against the growht of A. actinomycetemcomitans bacteria
Authors: Tjiptoningsih Umi G. , Ratih Widyastuti  , Herlin Amelia  , Elisa Rusandi
Published: August 2024

Objective: To explain the effect of probiotic drinks on the inhibitory growth of Aggregatibacter actino-mycetemcomitans.
Material and Methods: This type of research is an experimental laboratory research design with a post-test only control group design. The number of samples in this study were 32. The sample used was a probiotic drink and the population used was A. actinomycetemcomitans.The antibacterial inhibition test used is the diffusion method of the wells. Then incubated for (1-2) x 24 hours at 37˚ temperature. And then the diameter of the inhibition zone formed through the wells is measured using a vernier in millimeters (mm) etic number research :
Results: The average area of inhibition of probiotic drinks  content was 0 mm indicating weak inhibition. Based on Mann Whitney non-parametric difference test the value (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Probiotic drinks content did not affect the inhibition of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Hail Mary! an Easter annunciation
Authors: George Reena
Published: August 2024

.
Hubungan Semenda dalam Hukum Perkawinan Katolik dan Islam
Authors: Putra Amuna Yohanes Candra Sekar Bayu , Manik Iman Jaya
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini berfokus pada persoalan hubungan semenda dalam hukum perkawinan Katolik dan Islam. Peneliti mencoba melakukan studi komparatif antara hukum perkawinan Katolik dan Islam dalam menyikapi hubungan semenda. Peneliti akan menggambarkan bagaimana pemaknaan hukum perkawinan agama Katolik dan agama Islam terhadap hubungan semenda, lalu memberikan analisis mengenai persamaan dan perbedaannya. Adapun penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan komparatif. Peneliti akan mengandalkan buku-buku dan jurnal ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan topik ini sebagai sumber data primer. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa hubungan semenda dalam hukum perkawinan agama Katolik dan Islam sama-sama dikategorikan sebagai halangan yang dapat membatalkan perkawinan. Kedua hukum tersebut memiliki pemaknaan dan tujuannya masing-masing. Dengan menelusuri persoalan-persoalan tersebut, peneliti berargumentasi bahwa dalam hukum perkawinan, baik Katolik dan Islam, pada dasarnya menolak adanya hubungan semenda sampai pada tingkatan-tingkatan tertentu.
Simbol Magis Batak dalam Metode Komparatif Carl Schuster
Authors: Hutabarat Theo Frids
Published: August 2024

Artikel ini membahas sistem kepercayaan Batak pada masa pra-kolonial yang mempercayai kultus jiwa manusia. Dalam sistem kepercayaan ini, datu menempati peran penting dengan pengetahuan magis atau hadatuon yang dimilikinya. Pengetahuan ini dicatat dalam pustaha yang berisi tulisan dan gambar atau simbol magis. Pada saat upacara, simbol magis ini digambar oleh datu untuk terhubung dengan alam spirit. Relasi dunia bawah dan dunia atas yang tergambarkan dalam simbol magis Batak ini juga hidup dalam berbagai kebudayaan lain. Untuk memahami simbol magis tersebut, artikel ini melakukan kajian literatur untuk mendeskripsikan metode komparatif dari Carl Schuster. Melalui metode komparatif tersebut, bisa disimpulkan simbol magis Batak tidak diciptakan oleh orang Batak sendiri, melainkan suatu cabang dari tradisi kuno yang sangat beragam dan menyebar dengan luas di berbagai kebudayaan. Kendati berbeda dalam keragaman bentuk dan formulasinya, simbol-simbol ini memiliki kemiripan di tataran gagasan, yang pada gilirannya membantu untuk menjelaskan simbol-simbol tersebut satu sama lain.
Psycho-Didactic Dimensions of Various Opening and Closing Surahs of the Al-Qurán and Their Implementation in PAI Learning in Madrasas
Authors: Solehudin Deni , Mahmud Mahmud , Hafid Hafid , Sarbini Sarbini
Published: August 2024

Education is a complex and dynamic process that aims to shape individuals with character and broad knowledge. In the educational process, teachers play a central role in guiding and leading students to achieve learning objectives. One of the important aspects of learning is the teacher's skill in opening and closing lessons. This skill is very important to attract students' attention, motivate them to learn, and help them understand the lesson material better. The Quran, as a guide for Muslims, has values that can be applied in various aspects of life, including in the field of education. Various openings and closings of Quranic surah contain psycho-didactic dimensions that can be applied to improve the quality of learning. This study aims to examine the psycho-didactic dimensions in various openings and closings of Quranic surah and their implementation in opening and closing lesson skills. This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods are used to find classifications of various openings and closings of Quranic surah and to analyze the psycho-didactic dimensions in various openings and closings of Quranic surah, while quantitative methods are used to analyze the implementation of psycho-didactic dimensions in opening and closing lesson skills. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that various openings and closings of the Quranic surah contain psycho-didactic dimensions, especially affective and psychomotor dimensions. The implementation of psycho-didactic dimensions in opening and closing lesson skills shows positive results. Students are more motivated and enthusiastic in participating in learning and have a better understanding of the lesson material. The psycho-didactic dimensions in various openings and closings of Quranic surah can be applied to improve the quality of learning. The implementation of psycho-didactic dimensions in opening and closing lesson skills has proven to be effective in increasing interest, motivation, and enthusiasm.
Tijaniyah Sufi Order's Contribution to Social Righteousness Practices
Authors: Adnan Adnan , Rahman Mohammad Taufiq , Jamaludin Adon Nasurullah
Published: August 2024

This research delves into a Sufi Order’s significant role in fostering social piety among its followers. Rooted in Sufism, the Tijaniyah Order (Tariqa) emphasizes a dual focus on spiritual relations with Allah (hablum minallah) and social contributions (hablum minannas). Social piety, in this context, involves embodying religious values in everyday life, such as performing good deeds, assisting those in need, and fulfilling social responsibilities. The study employs a qualitative methodology, incorporating participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentary studies. Data analysis follows a rigorous process of reduction, presentation, and verification to draw valid conclusions. Central to this research are the Tazkiyatun Nafs (soul purification) concepts of Takhalli, Tahalli, and Tajalli. Takhalli refers to purging oneself of negative traits like greed and selfishness, thereby heightening sensitivity to social needs. Tahalli involves cultivating positive attributes like compassion and kindness, which encourage proactive social engagement. Tajalli represents achieving a profound realization that social actions reflect divine love. The Tijaniyah Tariqa's blend of spiritual and social values significantly contributes to societal welfare and harmony. Continuous practices such as amaliah wirid lazimah, wadhifah, and hailalah reinforce values like trust, honesty, almsgiving, and cooperation. This integration fosters harmonious social interactions, underscoring the Tijaniyah Tariqa's enduring and meaningful impact on social welfare. Through its presence at Al-Falah Islamic Boarding School, of Biru, Garut Regency, West Java, Indonesia, the Tijaniyah Tariqa not only strengthens individual spirituality but also enhances social bonds, leaving a positive mark on the community.
Model Supervisi dalam Penjaminan Mutu Lembaga Pendidikan
Authors: Muhammad Syukron  , Siregar Diana Riski Sapitri , Sita Ratnaningsih
Published: August 2024

Untuk mewujudkan lembaga pendidikan yang bermutu, diperlukan kualitas pengajaran guru yang kompeten. Meningkatkan kualitas pengajaran adalah tujuan utama dari supervisi pendidikan. Akibatnya, penting untuk memilih jenis pengawasan yang menerapkan model yang tepat. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini didapatkan dari berbagai jurnal, buku, dan karya tulis ilmiah lainnya. Teknik analisis data dimulai dari pengumpulan data dari buku dan jurnal kemudian direduksi dengan menelaah seluruh data yang ada kemudian data disajikan dan dibahas, yang terakhir adalah penarikan kesimpulan sehingga menjadi sebuah informasi bagi pembaca. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan ada lima model supervisi pendidikan yaitu model supervisi konvensional, ilmiah, klinik, artistic, dan perspektif Islam. Sebenarnya, supervisi dapat dilakukan melalui strategi-strategi yang harus digunakan supervisor dengan guru. Sesuai dengan kedudukan profesionalnya, supervisi pengajaran memiliki tugas-tugas tertentu.
Implementasi Program Ashabul Akhyar Melalui Internalisasi Karakter Religius
Authors: Nurul Izzati Afidah , Fatah Muhammad Abdul
Published: August 2024

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan hasil implementasi program Ashabul Akhyar dengan menginternalisasikan model, strategi, faktor pendukung, faktor penghambat, serta solusi dalam proses pembentukan karakter religious peserta didik di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Sunan Giri I Banyuwangi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian merupakan kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan, melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan dalam menganalisis data, artikel ini menggunakan teknis reduksi, display  dan verifikasi data. Untuk keabsahan data, menggunakan triangulasi.
Hasil penelitian pada artikel ini, menunjukkan bahwa model yang digunakan dalam implementasi program Ashabul Akhyar  yaitu melalui pendekatan penanaman nilai, pendekatan perkembangan moral kognitif, analisis nilai, klasifikasi nilai, dan pendekatan pembelajaran berbuat. Sedangkan strategi yang digunakan dalam internalisasi karakter religious yakni mengunakan strategi pembiasaan, keteladanan, dan penyuluhan. Kemudian faktor pendukung yaitu kerja sama antar guru, sarana prasarana, fasilitas memadai, dan konsisten. Adapun faktor penghambatnya yaitu latar belakang peserta didik yang berbeda-beda, keterbatasan media pembelajaran, serta kurangnya pengawasan dari orang tua. Sehingga solusi dalam memecahkan penghambat-penghambat program ini perlunya dukungan penuh dari orang tua serta meningkatkan sarana untuk memenuhi proses pembelajaran.
Quantum Teaching in An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Zohriah Anis , Fauzi Anis , Fazrurrakhman Al Farisi  , Asyiah Euis
Published: August 2024

This article examines Quantum Teaching according to Islamic Education, by discussing the methodology used in the design, presentation, and facilities used in teaching. This study was conducted to contribute thoughts from the author so that it can be input material to see the possibility of its application in efforts to improve and develop Islamic Education Institutions. This article uses a bibliographical approach where the data comes from various sources. This study shows that there have been several improvements in Islamic education teaching methods in modern times. The purpose of writing this article is to produce Islamic Education graduates who develop all their potential and have a positive attitude in Islamic Education Institutions or lecturers who teach using the Islamic education method. Quantum Teaching as well as preparing graduates who have broad insight, emotional intelligence, skills, and have self-confidence and are able to compete in the globalization era.
Innovation of Educational Curriculum in Salafiyah Islamic Boarding Schools
Authors: Abidin Achmad Anwar , Sulaiman Muhammad
Published: August 2024

This article is presented to describe the innovation of developing Islamic education curriculum at Riyadlul Mubtadiin Islamic Boarding School. which includes: development of learning approaches, learning systems, learning methods, the process of involving educational stakeholders. The method used in this study is a qualitative method, with a historical-instructionalist approach, with an approach able to see every side of development in the perspective of the History of Islamic learning. The result of this paper is the modernization of Islamic education at the Riyadlul Mubtadiin Islamic Boarding School including the development of a learning curriculum from pure salaf to semi-salaf. The learning methods taught are very varied, different from before. There is an evaluation of the program carried out both quarterly and every six months. Evalausion includes: Spective, Cognitive and Psychomotor. As well as the involvement of stakeholders, especially alumni, in determining the policy direction of institutional development.
Pengembangan Soft Skill dalam Pelaksanaan Kampus Mengajar Mahasiswa PAI UNSIQ Jawa Tengah
Authors: Syaroni Wahib , Tafyiroh  , Imron Ali
Published: August 2024

This study originates from the application of the Free Learning Curriculum and Campus Independent Learning, which aims to enhance the soft skills of students in the education profession program. Despite existing literature, there has been a gap in addressing soft skills development specifically in the context of campus teaching. This research focuses on how the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) program works to cultivate students' soft skills during campus teaching. It employs a qualitative descriptive approach, utilizing observation, documentation, archival records, and interviews for data collection. Findings reveal that the PAI program facilitates campus teaching by ensuring effective learning processes and providing students with knowledge through microteaching and Field Experience Practices (PPL). The study took place at the PAI program of UNSIQ in Wonosobo, Indonesia.
Membangun Profesionalisme Guru Beretika dan Berkarakter Melalui Perspektif Islam di Era Globalisasi
Authors: Aliya Rosyidah Sabrina , Fitriatin Nur
Published: August 2024

Adanya persoalan terkait dengan etika guru yang berkarakter dan profesioanl yang disebabkan karena kurangnya pemahaman tentang etika guru yang berkarakter dan professional, serta pandangan islam terkait penerapan etika guru yang berkarakter dan professional. Sehingga diharpakan agar artikel ini dapat membantu untuk memahami tentang etika guru yang berkarakter dan professional, serta dapat mengetahui cara pengajaran islam dalam menerapkan etika guru yang berkarakter dan professional. Untuk itu artikel ini mebahas tentang pengertian etika guru, karakter guru dan professional guru, serta ajaran islam mengenai etika guru yang dapat membentuk guru yang berkarakter dan professional. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode library research, dengan melakukan pengumpulandata dari berbagai sumber literatur, yang tidak terbatas hanya pada buku, melainkan juga mencakup karya-karya ilmiah lainnya dan dijadikan bahan-bahan pustaka untuk membahas permasalahn yang terkait dengan artikel ini. Dari pembahasan artikel ini didapatakan bahwa Islam telah mengajarkan etika-etika atau akhlak-akhlak yang seharusnya diterapkan pada guru yang berkarakter dan professional dengan memberikan panduan dalam AL-Qur’an dan Hadis serta pemikiran-pemikiran para ulma’ seperti adanya perintah dan larangan yang dijelaskan dalam Al-Qur’an, hadis dan pemikiran Ulama’. Dengan begitu islam dapat mengukir etika guru yang berkarakter dan professional berdasarkan ajaran islam.
Economic Empowerment of Women Through Productive Zakat (Analysis of Women’s Entrepreneurship Funding Programs at Rumah Zakat)
Authors: Saadah Chuzaimatus , Ghummiah Sivi Mala
Published: August 2024

The analysis report of the National Fiscal Policy Agency for December 2022 stated, currently, women in Indonesia will make up around 49.2 percent of the total population in Indonesia in 2021. 53.6 percent of them are of productive age. Meanwhile, women's access to financing from formal financial institutions for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) owned by women is currently only around 27 percent. So we need another alternative to providing business opportunities for women. Indonesia Zakat Outlook 2021 mentioned the potential for zakat to reach IDR 327.6 trillion. Therefore, the distribution of zakat has the potential to support the achievement of gender equality and women's empowerment if managed properly. LAZNAS Rumah Zakat, since 2019, has had a female entrepreneur fund the program through productive zakat. Therefore, it is interesting to study the mechanisms and impacts of the utilization of zakat on female beneficiaries. The research that researchers will do uses qualitative research methods that use primary sources in the form of final program reports from Rumah Zakat. The results of the research show that, through the women's entrepreneurship funding program, which consists of cash assistance and technical assistance, it has a positive impact on beneficiary women, especially technical assistance, which has proven to be able to increase the number of unpaid workers with lots of family participation. In addition, this program has been proven to increase the profits of the majority of entrepreneurs. So that the ideals of productive zakat are the long-term welfare of beneficiary women, turning them into muzakki has great potential to be achieved through the Women's Entrepreneurial Funding program by Rumah Zakat.
Konsekuensi Pelanggaran Kode Etik Hakim MK Terhadap Berlakunya Putusan MK Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023
Authors: Auliadi Mohammad Iqbal Alif , Pradana Omy Fajar Reza , Intansari Laila , Arifin Samsul
Published: August 2024

Artikel ini meneliti mengenai konsekuensi pelanggaran kode etik oleh hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) terhadap berlakunya Putusan MK No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yang mana berpusat pada Peraturan Mahkamah Konstitusi nomor 1 Tahun 2023 tentang Majelis Kehormatan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelanggaran kode etik oleh hakim MK dapat mengurangi legitimasi dan integritas putusan yang dihasilkan. Putusan ini menimbulkan pro dan kontra di kalangan Ahli Hukum dan juga masyarakat karena Anwar Usman dianggap membentangkan karpet merah terhadap putra sulung dari presiden Joko Widodo yang mana merupakan keponakan dari Anwar Usman. Anwar Usman dianggap melanggar kode etik dari hakim konstitusi dan mencoreng marwah Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai “The Guardian of Constitution” karena putusan tersebut memiliki implikasi yang luas terhadap dinamika politik nasional. Artikel ini menyarankan perlunya penegakan kode etik yang lebih ketat dan transparan untuk memastikan bahwa putusan MK tetap memiliki otoritas hukum yang tidak terkontaminasi oleh pelanggaran etik. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi pada pemahaman tentang pentingnya menjaga integritas hakim konstitusi dalam memperkuat kepercayaan publik terhadap lembaga peradilan konstitusi.
Simbiosis Pengetahuan: Menelusuri Kombinasi Penyembuhan Islami dan Tradisional dalam Naskah Mujarrabat Jawan
Authors: Alindah Lutfiyah
Published: August 2024

There were various manuscripts spread in the archipelago. Some of the manuscripts are the source of history, literature, and religious principle, and some of them are source of medical healing as ancestral heritage. Actually, the using of traditional healing and medicines at the first is a hereditary tradition transmitted orally from one generation to the next generation. However, this traditional healing is still existed.
There are some studies studied about Islam, literature, and local custom manuscripts, but studying on traditional healing and medicines manuscripts is very lack. Even though, some of the traditional healing and medicines still existed in the modern life. By using philological approach and historical approach, this research will conduct the traditional healing and medicine which are found in Mujarrabat Jawan. These approaches will cover the description of traditional healing and medicines in the manuscript and show how it practiced in everyday life.
This study shows that there are some common diseases that affect people in the archipelago such as fever, toothache and sore eyes (bḗlḗk). This manuscript shows that traditional medicine is carried out in two ways. First, by using traditional ingredients such as shallots to treat burns.  Second, by using Holy Qur’an readings taken from same verses in the Qur’an. This healing can be seen in the healing of toothache by reading surah al-An’am.
Determinants of choice of media content in internet space among Russian youth (based on independent sociological survey)
Authors: Shumilina Polina , Minasyan Larisa
Published: August 2024

In this article, the authors conducted a sociological study among Russian youth to determine the factors that influence the choice of media content. The sample was 610 respondents aged 14–35. The urgency of the work is presented by the need to find out the reasons that form the media studies of Russian youth, in order to develop effective tools and solutions to increase the level of digital literacy of the modern generation. Respondents were asked questions that helped the authors to find out which platforms they preferred to obtain information, which format and type of content they preferred, and what the interviewees pay attention to when choosing the source of information, the reliability and reliability of the information. The results of the study showed that young people demonstrate a high level of interaction with the Internet space and all types of content, from entertainment to education, preferring text and visual presentation of information. For the younger generation in Russia, it is no longer important to have an official media license to choose a source of information, they are not sufficiently aware of methods to establish the reliability and reliability of the information received. It is more important for audiences between the ages of 14–35 to be popular and responsive to their interests and needs. The authors in this article conclude that in the media environment young people should have a request to improve digital skills, such as critical assessment of online content, cyber security awareness and responsible digital citizenship.
Developmentalist policies in financialized economies: contradictions and impasses of the Brazilian case
Authors: BRUNO MIGUEL , PAULANI LEDA MARIA
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the applicability of economic policies and other developmentalist governmental actions to financialized economies. It mobilizes the theoretical-methodological regulationist principles for a historical and institutional macro-analysis. After a brief review of the concepts of the Regulation School, including the “economic policy regime” (Théret, 1992; Lordon, 2002; Boyer, 2015), the Brazilian case is analyzed as a remarkable example of institutional compatibility with rentier-financial accumulation to the detriment of the accumulation of productive fixed capital. Several indicators of this case are presented.
Long waves of economic growth in Asia and Western Europe, 1950-2020: are there any circular-cumulative causation and contradiction aspects?
Authors: SAMUDRO BHIMO R. , PRATAMA YOGI P. , SOESILO ALBERTUS M. , BLOCH HARRY , SALIM RUHUL , PRASETYO ANDRI , SISTRIATMAJA MUHAMMAD B.
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT This paper discusses some comparative analysis between the pattern of economic performances in Asia and Western Europe during 1950s-2020s through political economies perspective. The Asian and Western European economic performances are investigated through some stylized facts in the sense of economic factors. Three analyses are used to explain the general pattern of these regions. First, this study examines the pattern of GDP growth per capita during the 1950s-2020s, focusing on several countries in this region. Second, the analysis captures the pattern of linkages of economic variables in this region related to the principle of Circular and Cumulative causation (CCC) and contradiction. Third, the analysis employs a historical perspective underpinned by the results in the second analysis. This third analysis is crucial to appreciating Asia’s global economic performance and also the process of Western deterioration phenomenon through long wave, including the occurrence recession and financial crises. The institutions of globalization and neoliberalism that put the power of capital promoted a financial crisis several times during the decades of 1980s-2020. The financial crisis is depicted by contradictions in the structural linkages among economic factors in Western Europe over the period.
The RL/LLM Taxonomy Tree: Reviewing Synergies Between Reinforcement Learning and Large Language Models
Authors: Pternea Moschoula , Singh Prerna , Chakraborty Abir , Oruganti Yagna , Milletari Mirco , Bapat Sayli , Jiang Kebei
Published: August 2024

In this work, we review research studies that combine Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Large Language Models (LLMs), two areas that owe their momentum to the development of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). We propose a novel taxonomy of three main classes based on the way that the two model types interact with each other. The first class, RL4LLM, includes studies where RL is leveraged to improve the performance of LLMs on tasks related to Natural Language Processing (NLP). RL4LLM is divided into two sub-categories depending on whether RL is used to directly fine-tune an existing LLM or to improve the prompt of the LLM. In the second class, LLM4RL, an LLM assists the training of an RL model that performs a task that is not inherently related to natural language. We further break down LLM4RL based on the component of the RL training framework that the LLM assists or replaces, namely reward shaping, goal generation, and policy function. Finally, in the third class, RL+LLM, an LLM and an RL agent are embedded in a common planning framework without either of them contributing to training or fine-tuning of the other. We further branch this class to distinguish between studies with and without natural language feedback. We use this taxonomy to explore the motivations behind the synergy of LLMs and RL and explain the reasons for its success, while pinpointing potential shortcomings and areas where further research is needed, as well as alternative methodologies that serve the same goal.
The interpretation of null and overt subject pronouns in Spanish compared to Greek and Italian
Authors: Leonetti Escandell Victoria , Torregrossa Jacopo
Published: August 2024

In recent years, several studies have suggested that Null Subject Languages (NSLs) do not exhibit uniform behaviour in all respects. This paper aims to determine whether the interpretation of null and overt subject pronouns in Spanish differs from that in two other NSLs: Italian and Greek. To this end, we replicated the sentence interpretation experiment conducted by Torregrossa et al. (2020) on Greek and Italian to obtain a fully comparable set of data.The results indicate that Spanish differs significantly from both Italian and Greek in the interpretation of null and overt pronouns. Spanish participants accept null subjects referring to both subject and object antecedents to the same extent. The same pattern is observed for overt subject pronouns. To explain the observed differences, we propose that two properties of its grammar influence the interpretation of null subjects and overt pronouns in Spanish: i) a flexible word order, allowing for SVO, VSO, and VOS; and ii) the existence of differential object marking (DOM). We hypothesise that these two factors may affect antecedent selection, thereby partially accounting for the differences observed among the languages under consideration.
The Philosophical and Sociological exposition of Suicide in Lesotho
Authors: Seetsa Makateng David
Published: August 2024

One of the philosophical problem is the phenomenon of suicide. In the Kingdom of Lesotho as many nations the nature of suicide can be understood from the philosophical and sociological lenses. Among the countries in the world with the highest suicide rate is Lesotho. How come? This research article delves into the complex relationship between individual agency and social factors in context of the existence of suicide in Lesotho, drawing upon philosophical and sociological approaches. The main philosophical and sociological positions of suicide in this paper are presented. A qualitative method has been applied in this paper, secondary data has been subscribed from electronic database from various reliable sources such as World Health Organization (WHO) reports, government and private documents related to suicide and mental affairs reports. A comparative analysis of philosophical and sociological perspectives, the article seeks to deepen our understanding of the factors contributing to suicidal behaviours and their implications for prevention and intervention strategies. This paper also discusses the richness of Durkheim’s insight on suicide and four etiological types of suicide. This paper concludes by putting forward that young people in Lesotho who have serious mental illnesses at an early age have a higher risk of suicide.
Turismo en Posconflicto ¿Desarrollo territorial o despojo? En el corregimiento de El Encano
Authors: Chaves Ramírez Laura Gabriela
Published: August 2024

Este artículo analiza los modelos turístico administrativos que se desarrollaron y se siguen implementando en el corregimiento de El Encano, municipio de Pasto, departamento de Nariño, en el que se encuentra La Laguna de la Cocha —segundo cuerpo de agua más grande de Colombia—, la cual goza de reconocimiento como humedal de gran importancia nacional e internacional inscrita en el Convenio Ramsar. Dichos modelos pretenden generar desarrollo territorial. Para este fin, se realiza una revisión documental de los planes de desarrollo turístico —los cuales buscan potenciar el turismo de la región—, una revisión de diferentes casos -una investigación exhaustiva de la caracterización-, examinación del territorio y sus habitantes-, y un trabajo de campo que incluye entrevistas y observación participante. Del mismo modo, se analizan las tendencias en calidad territorial y ambiental. Esta reflexión se realiza desde una mirada de la ecología política, la cual busca darles voz a las comunidades más vulnerables. Desde este enfoque crítico se evidencian las dificultades sociales frente al modelo propuesto y su gestión. Se podría contemplar que el caso de El Corregimiento tiende a convertirse en un espacio de exclusión y desposesión del territorio, debido a sus características.
Fachadas modernas das agências dos Correios e Telégrafos
Authors: Vieira Carlos Eduardo , Benincasa Vladimir , Bortolucci Maria Angela P. C. S.
Published: August 2024

Os serviços postais e os serviços telegráficos eram, até não muito tempo atrás, os meios de comunicação que conectavam as pessoas pelo território brasileiro. De início, os dois serviços eram prestados por órgãos distintos e atuavam em imóveis separados, muitas vezes em prédios alugados, cedidos e precários. A partir da 1ª República (1889), iniciou-se a produção de edifícios próprios, seguindo o estilo arquitetônico mais presente na época, o eclético. Foi após 1930, com a unificação destes dois serviços públicos em um mesmo departamento, que a construção de prédios próprios ganhou novo impulso. Este trabalho procura mostrar este novo momento, apresentando exemplos da nova arquitetura dos Correios e Telégrafos, com projetos padronizados, construídos em todo o país, e fachadas “modernas” seguindo a racionalização do Art Déco, que procuravam refletir o novo tempo vivido no Brasil e a imagem moderna que o governo federal desejava para o país. O estudo foca na análise iconográfica de agências construídas antes e depois de 1930, procurando mostrar a transição de um período importante do Brasil, refletido nas agências dos Correios e Telégrafos, mas que se estendeu por todos os serviços públicos nacionais.
Mobilidade Urbana em Cuiabá-MT: reflexão a partir da distribuição dos pontos de ônibus
Authors: Souza Eliane Augusta Gonçalves de , Souza Natallia Sanches e , Paula Diana Carolina Jesus de
Published: August 2024

La movilidad urbana puede entenderse como un atributo que tiene que ver con la facilidad de movimiento y la fluidez en el espacio urbano. Se sabe que la decisión de utilizar el transporte público es sumamente importante para el mejoramiento urbano y está directamente relacionada con el acceso a este sistema. Por lo tanto, esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la movilidad urbana en Cuiabá-MT, a partir del análisis de la distribución de las paradas de autobús en las regiones administrativas de la ciudad (norte, sur, este y oeste) para comprender el acceso de la población que Requiere transporte público urbano. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa que evalúa las paradas de autobús por tipo y distribución de vías. Por lo tanto, las vías consideradas en este estudio son vías estructurales, vías principales y vías colectoras. Como resultado se encontró que las vías colectoras representan el 51% de las vías, siendo su mayor cantidad en la región oriente con un 34%. La región occidental tiene la mayor cantidad de carreteras, y las carreteras principales representan el 34% de las carreteras de la región. En cuanto a los tipos de paradas de autobús, el tipo B, que representa paradas sin señalización y sin estructura, representa el mayor número con 355 (29%). Conclui-se que em Cuiabá-MT, se faz necessário repensar a forma de garantir conforto do usuário nas paradas de ônibus, reforçando que o transporte público é uma alternativa inclusive para melhora microclimática, reduzindo o consumo de combustível, reduzindo a poluição, e inclusive el tráfico.
Изучение стабильности биологически активного соединения N-[2-[4-оксо-3(4Н)-хиназолинил]пропионил]-гуанидина с использованием электрофореза и масс-спектрометрии
Authors: Луценко Дарья Николаевна , Компанцева Евгения Владимировна , Чиряпкин Алексей Сергеевич , Гарсия Екатерина Робертовна , Озеров Александр Александрович , Сливкин Алексей Иванович , Селеменев Владимир Федорович , Шихалиев Хидмет Сафарович , Кодониди Иван Панайотович
Published: August 2024

На базе центра инновационных отечественных лекарственных препаратов «Волгоградского государственного медицинского университета» сконструирован и синтезирован ряд пиримидиновых производных гуанидина для исследования их в качестве перспективных ингибиторов натрий-водородного обмена типа 1 (NHE-1), которые полезны для снижения поражения ткани при ишемии. Наиболее фармакологически ценным соединением оказался N-[2-[4-оксо-3(4Н)-хиназолинил]пропионил]-гуанидина (VMA-13-15). При создании нормативной документации для нового лекарственного средства одним из критериев качества является показатель «Родственные примеси», которыми могут быть технологические примеси и продукты деструкции действующего вещества.  Целью исследования является изучение стабильности биологически активного соединения N-[2-[4-оксо-3(4Н)-хиназолинил]пропионил]-гуанидина. Определение предполагаемых продуктов деградации проводили методом стрессовых испытаний, используя методы капиллярного электрофореза и масс-спектроскопии. Изучение молекулы исследуемого VMA-13-15 и использование компьютерных технологий позволили спрогнозировать возможные процессы деструкции, среди которых наиболее вероятной может быть реакция гидролиза при термостатировании раствора исследуемого соединения в щелочной среде. In silico оптимизация геометрии рассматриваемых структур проводилась с использованием метода молекулярной механики ММ+ в программе HyperChem 8.0.9. Итоговая пространственная оптимизация геометрии моделируемых молекул осуществлялась методом теории функционала плотности ub3lyp с базисным набором 6-311G**. Результирующий колебательный анализ термодинамических характеристик проводился в программе Orca, которая позволила получить значения энтальпий и энтропий для изучаемых соединений. Методом капиллярного электрофореза проведен анализ продуктов деградации водного раствора исследуемого вещества посредством «стресс-тестов», которыми изучалось влияния термического воздействия на VMA-13-15 в присутствии 0.1М раствора кислоты хлористоводородной и 0.1М раствора натрия гидроксида. Установлено, что наибольшее влияние на стабильность N-[2-[4-оксо-3(4Н)-хиназолинил]пропионил]-гуанидина оказывает щелочная среда, что и следовало из результатов вычислительного эксперимента. Изучен масс-спектр обнаруженного при термостатировании в щелочной среде продукта деградации. По совпадению молярной массы и времени выхода было подтверждено, что примесь на хроматограммах VMA-13-15 является незамещенным хиназолин-4(3H)-оном – исходным продуктом синтеза.
MRI_preprocessing_protocol v1
Authors: López-Aguirre Miguel , A. Pineda-Pardo José , Obeso Jose
Published: August 2024

Preprocessing protocol for structural, DWI and T2* MRI acquisitions
Quantitative PCR for STMN2 expression in pi-N neurons v1
Authors: Lam Isabel , Ndayisaba Alain , Khurana Vikram
Published: August 2024

Quantitative PCR for STMN2 expression in pi-N neurons
Fluorescent Immunolabelling for endogenous mouse LRRK2 v1
Authors: Marongiu Roberta , west andrew.west
Published: August 2024

This protocol is used to label endogenous LRRK2 in mouse. It has been edited from West et al., 2014 Protocol optimized for fresh fixed brain tissue sectioned at 40 um.
Generation of preformed αS fibrils v1
Authors: Lam Isabel , Ndayisaba Alain , Khurana Vikram
Published: August 2024

Generation of preformed αS fibrils
Fluorescent Immunolabelling for endogenous ChAT in mice striatum v1
Authors: Marongiu Roberta
Published: August 2024

This immunohistochemistry protocol has been designed and adjusted specifically for ChAT immunolabelling in the mice striatum
Induced Cortical Neuron Differentiation v1
Authors: Lam Isabel , Ndayisaba Alain , Khurana Vikram
Published: August 2024

Induced Cortical Neuron Differentiation
Western blot of amplified fibrils after Proteinase K digestion v1
Authors: Lam Isabel , Ndayisaba Alain , Khurana Vikram
Published: August 2024

Western blot of amplified fibrils after Proteinase K digestion
Collection and shipment of specimen for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) v1
Authors: Robinson Laura
Published: August 2024

These samples are part of the JAX-Sen project in the SenNet Consortium. Here we provide details on specimen collection and shipment to the Robson laboratory at The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine (JAX-GM) in Farmington, CT for its processing for single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq).
Whole cell protein extraction and Western blotting v1
Authors: Lam Isabel , Ndayisaba Alain , Khurana Vikram
Published: August 2024

Whole cell protein extraction and Western blotting
Geomediatization and the Messy Futuring of Geodata Commons
Authors: Michel Boris
Published: August 2024

The concept of geomediatization has proven to be productive for describing current processes of geodatafication and geospatial technologies. With its focus on their future, this thematic issue calls for research into geomediatization beyond a narrow geomediatization realism. In my commentary, I take up this call and present some reflections from my research on recent corporate involvement in OpenStreetMap and the messy politics of digital commons. I argue that OpenStreetMap can tell us something about geomedia futures that challenges geomediatization realism but is also a sort of geomediatization pragmatism. This is not disruptive futurism but a project of digital commons that is constantly negotiating power, access, and enclosure.
Data-driven Solution for Agri-SMEs Optimization in Albania: A Framework Using C# and .NET
Authors: Qorri Dejsi , Gjermeni Irida , Felföldi János
Published: August 2024

The Albanian economy relies heavily on the agricultural sector. However, the lack of comprehensive farm management data reduces Albanian agricultural enterprises’ competitiveness in global markets. The purpose of this article is to propose the building of a data gathering, analysis, and visualization application utilizing the C# programming language and the.NET framework. Big data in agriculture can help businesses improve their efficiency, competitiveness, and performance.  Drawing on current challenges in Albanian agri-SMEs, it presents a logical structure for a web application designed to improve small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the agricultural sector by easing sales and purchase monitoring while optimizing profitability. The study suggests that data-driven solutions are essential for agricultural optimization in Albania, with guidelines for future refinement and implementation.
Low Code/No Code Application Development - Opportunity and Challenges for Enterprises
Authors: Korada Laxminarayana
Published: August 2024

Low-code and no-code (LCNC) application development platforms signify a major shift in software creation and deployment strategies. This paper investigates the opportunities and challenges presented by LCNC platforms for enterprises. Historically, organizations have had to choose between developing custom solutions internally or purchasing off-the-shelf systems, each with its own set of advantages and drawbacks. LCNC platforms introduce a novel approach by facilitating rapid, cost-effective, and user-friendly application development with minimal coding expertise. This study explores the features of LCNC platforms, their adoption by hyperscalers, and their implications for traditional software engineering roles. It also examines the benefits and limitations of popular LCNC solutions, such as Microsoft Power Platform, and discusses their impact on industry practices. This paper concludes with a forward-looking perspective on the development of LCNC technology, underscoring its role in driving digital transformation and fostering innovation.
Analisis model matematika penyebaran virus ebola
Authors: Ratnaningsih Ari Juni , Nusantara Toto
Published: August 2024

Ebola adalah jenis virus yang unik dari keluarga virus asam ribonukleat yang dikenal tidak memiliki reservoir alami. Masa inkubasi dari Ebola adalah 2-21 hari, dan periode infeksi adalah 4-10 hari. Dalam model wabah Ebola tahun 1976 di Yambuku, Zaire digunakan beberapa variabel, yaitu  dan . Dalam hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada titik kesetimbangan bebas penyakit akan stabil jika nilai rasio reproduksinya kurang dari 1.