bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital platforms and SMEs’ performance: the moderating effect of intellectual capital and environmental dynamism
Authors: Le Thanh Tiep , Quan Chau Thoi Le , Vo Nhu Quynh Phan , Ferreira João J.M.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This research aims to shed light on the linkage between digital platforms and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) performance and consider the moderating effect of intellectual capital and environmental dynamism.

Design/methodology/approach

This study applies a quantitative approach using a sample of primary data from 508 managers and directors of Vietnamese SMEs, using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The utilization of digital platforms by managers and directors has a positive impact on enhancing intellectual capital. However, under the influence of external environment changes, this trend may shift towards a negative direction. The ability to utilize digital platforms, whether directly or through information communication, positively affects the performance of businesses. Research has shown that the positive promotion of digital platform capability for intellectual capital factors such as human capital, organizational capital, and relational capital decreases when the external environment changes in the context of uncertain globalization.

Originality/value

This research focuses on SMEs operating in the technology and e-commerce sectors and it evidences that digital platforms are an effective baseline driver for promoting high-performing SMEs. By examining the connection between digital platform’s capability and IC and the significance of intellectual capital for SMEs’ performance, this study adds to the body of literature already available on the destructive regulatory potential of environmental dynamism. This study broadens the dynamic capabilities theory’s outcome audience and adds a new dimension to the impact of the digital platform’s capability (resource utilization) on the performance of SMEs.
Unfair heuristics and treatment: the self-affirming effects of feeling depleted and anticipating the worst
Authors: Haynie Jeffrey Joseph , Martin Christopher L. , Andrieux Pierre
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This research examines the extent overall supervisor injustice reduces self-control resources while simultaneously enhancing anticipatory injustice beliefs. Minimized self-control resources, in turn, are expected to alter the anticipatory supervisor injustice beliefs’ impact on subsequent unjust encounters. Self-control resources therefore act as boundary conditions in the continued receipt of unjust treatment, potentially highlighting Pygmalion effects (self-fulfilling prophecies) connected with subordinates’ overall injustice judgments.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a two-survey, time-separated design, we test our hypothesized model in structural equation modeling (SEM) in MPlus with a sample of 163 US-employed adults recruited through online panel services. Main, interactive, and conditional indirect effects were used to examine our proposed relationships.

Findings

Empirical results showed that lower self-control resources and higher ASI beliefs resulted from subordinates holding high overall supervisor injustice judgments. Further, ASI beliefs were found to only explain the relationships of overall supervisor injustice with interpersonal injustice encounters, not informational justice encounters. This effect emerged when the subordinate’s self-control resources were low, not high.

Originality/value

This paper integrates fairness heuristics and ego depletion theories to highlight a previously understudied phenomenon–Pygmalion effects (e.g. expectations or anticipations becoming reality) pertaining to subordinates who hold high overall supervisor injustice judgments. The theoretical contribution and results offer a tantalizing lens regarding how anticipation may adversely affect future supervisor-subordinate interactions.
Transforming customer engagement with artificial intelligence E-marketing: an E-retailer perspective in the era of retail 4.0
Authors: Behera Rajat Kumar , Bala Pradip Kumar , Rana Nripendra P. , Algharabat Raed Salah , Kumar Kumod
Published: May 2024

Purpose

With the advancement of digital transformation, it is important for e-retailers to use artificial intelligence (AI) for customer engagement (CE), as CE enables e-retail brands to succeed. Essentially, AI e-marketing (AIeMktg) is the use of AI technological approaches in e-marketing by blending customer data, and Retail 4.0 is the digitisation of the physical shopping experience. Therefore, in the era of Retail 4.0, this study investigates the factors influencing the use of AIeMktg for transforming CE.

Design/methodology/approach

The primary data were collected from 305 e-retailer customers, and the analysis was performed using a quantitative methodology.

Findings

The results reveal that AIeMktg has tremendous applications in Retail 4.0 for CE. First, it enables marketers to swiftly and responsibly use data to anticipate and predict customer demands and to provide relevant personalised messages and offers with location-based e-marketing. Second, through a continuous feedback loop, AIeMktg improves offerings by analysing and incorporating insights from a 360-degree view of CE.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this study is to provide theoretical underpinnings of CE, AIeMktg, factors influencing the use of AIeMktg, and customer commitment in the era of Retail 4.0. Subsequently, it builds and validates structural relationships among such theoretical underpinning variables in transforming CE with AIeMktg, which is important for customers to expect a different type of shopping experience across digital channels.
Non-invasive measurement of spoilage of packed fish using halochromic sensor
Authors: Devarayan Kesavan , Palanisamy Yazhiniyan , Mohan Gangeswar , Theivasigamani Anand , Kandasamy Sabariswaran , Sekar Vimaladevi , Siluvai John Evon Umesh , Sukumaran Monikandon , Marimuthu Ramar , Anjappan Hema
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to develop a pH-functional thin-film sensor for non-invasive measurement of spoilage of packed fish.

Design/methodology/approach

At first, polymers of natural origin such as hydroxy(propyl)methyl cellulose, potato dextrose agar and starch alongside a pH sensitive-mixed indicator formulation were used to produce thin film sensor. The developed thin film sensor was tested for monitoring the spoilage of seafood stored at 4°C. Using ultraviolet-visible and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the halochromic sensor was characterised. In addition, the halochromic response of the thin film was directly correlated to the total volatile base nitrogen emitted by the packaged fish, pH, microbial activity and sensory evaluation.

Findings

The results suggested the developed biopolymer-based thin film sensor showed different colours in line with the spoilage of the packed fish, which could be well correlated with the total volatile base nitrogen, microbial activity and sensory evaluation. In addition, the thin film sensors exhibited a high degree of biodegradability. The biopolymers-based thin film halochromic sensor has exhibited excellent biodegradability along with sensitiveness towards the spoilage of the packed fish.

Originality/value

In the future, consumers and retailers may prefer seafood containers equipped with such halochromic sensors to determine the degree of food deterioration as a direct indicator of food quality.
A novel method of effectively fabricating the micro-objects by selective jet electrodeposition (SJED)
Authors: Pandey Anand Mohan , Kapil Sajan , Das Manas
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Selective jet electrodeposition (SJED) is an emerging additive manufacturing (AM) technology for realizing metallic components of nano and micro sizes. The deposited parts on the substrate form metallurgical bonding, so separating them from the substrate is an unsolved issue. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a method for separating the deposited micro parts from a sacrificial substrate. Furthermore, single and multi-bead optimization is performed to fabricate microparts with varying density.

Design/methodology/approach

A typical SJED process consists of a nozzle (to establish a column of electrolytes) retrofitted on a machine tool (to provide relative motion between substrate and nozzle) that deposits material atom-by-atom on a conductive substrate.

Findings

A comprehensive study of process parameters affecting the layer height, layer width and morphology of the deposited micro-parts has been provided. The uniformity in the deposited parts can be achieved with the help of low applied voltage and high scanning speed. Multi-bead analysis for the flat surface condition is experimentally performed, and the flat surface condition is achieved when the centre distance between two adjacent beads is kept at half of the width of a single bead.

Originality/value

Although several literatures have demonstrated that the SJED process can be used for the fabrication of parts; however, part fabrication through multi-bead optimization is limited. Moreover, the removal of the fabricated part from the substrate is the novelty of the current work.
Challenges facing practitioners when implementing CSR strategies: the case for the Brazilian mining industry
Authors: Molinari Carolina , Annan-Diab Fatima
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Mining activities can promote development despite issues of environmental and social impact; however, corporate social responsibility (CSR) implementation is still an issue in the industry, which has received little attention in the literature and almost none to the operational level. This paper aims to address this gap by adopting the perspective of CSR practitioners to explore the way mining companies implement CSR at site level.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses an exploratory approach with in-depth interviews to investigate site-level CSR implementation and challenges in the context of mining in Brazil.

Findings

This study identifies primary challenges in CSR implementation and several ways in which they might be addressed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper identifies for the first time two implementation-hindering aspects of the routine of CSR practitioners – excessive time spent at the office as opposed to in the field engaging in the community and a disproportionate amount of time spent on complaint management. In addition, this paper demonstrates the applicability of stakeholder theory in the CSR field, highlighting the need for increased collaboration among internal and external stakeholders to advance CSR implementation.

Originality/value

This study adopts the perspective of CSR practitioners, who are key stakeholders in CSR implementation, working in mining sites in Brazil, as the impact of mining can be especially marked in developing countries.
Stress and work engagement among nurses in intensive care units: Palestinian perspective
Authors: Alali Mohammad Faisal
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Work engagement denotes to a state of positive and affective motivation of elevated power joined with high educational levels and a great concentration on occupation and it is negatively affected by psychological problems. This study aims to assess the stress and work engagement among Palestinian nurses working in intensive care units.

Design/methodology/approach

A cross-sectional design was adopted. A convenience sample consisting of 225 intensive care nurses from governmental hospitals was recruited to participate. Data collection used the Nursing Stress Scale and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9, and demographic data were used to gather data throughout the period from February 10 to March 30, 2023.

Findings

Findings demonstrated that nurses’ stress levels were high (M = 105.9 ± standard deviation [SD] = 11.91). Concerning work engagement, the nurses endorsed moderate work engagement levels with a mean of 3.7 (SD = 0.4). Regarding work engagement subscales, the mean of vigor was 3.7 (0.6), dedication with a mean of 3.7 (0.6) and absorption with a mean of 3.7 (0.6). Also, the findings showed that stress, gender and monthly income were predictors of work engagement (p < 0.05).

Research limitations/implications

Despite the significant results, this study had the following limitations: the design was cross-sectional, which limits the ability to explore the cause and effect of the study variables, thus longitudinal studies are recommended. In addition, the study adopted a self-reported questionnaire based on participants’ understanding, culture and work context which could influence their responses.

Originality/value

The intensive care nurses had high stress levels and moderate work engagement. Stress, gender and monthly income were predictors of the work engagement. Thus, interventions should be encouraged to minimize stress, which has a significant influence on work engagement.
Standing and shed litters alter plant growth in disturbed and undisturbed soils differently
Authors: Mudrák Ondřej , Lillipuu Epp Maria , Čápová Kateřina , Cajthaml Tomáš , Frouz Jan
Published: May 2024

Plant species affect key ecosystem processes like nutrient cycling and overall ecosystem productivity through their litter. The outcome of litter effects is largely determined by its decomposability, which directly effects soil properties. If litter remains standing or unshed (i.e. marcescent), its final decomposability can be increased by photodegradation of recalcitrant structures (like lignin). If the litter is immediately shed, its decomposability largely depends on its original nutrient content. Moreover, plant species may affect soil also through other, more direct effects. It is however unknown whether marcescent and immediately shed litters affect soil, and by that plants, differently, whether direct effects of plants on soil interact with those of marcescent and shed litters, and whether these interactions are consistent under different soil conditions.

We set up a pot experiment, where we tested the effects of originally marcescent and shed litters (both added on the soil surface of the pots) on three grassland species (Bromus erectus, Filipendula vulgaris and Plantago media) in contrasting soils from long‐term stable ancient grassland and grassland restored on arable land 20 years before. We also tested how litter types and plant species affect soil chemical properties and microbial community (characterised by PLFA markers).

Marcescent litter contained a lower amount of nutrients, but still increased plant biomass more than shed litter, although only for F. vulgaris (likely due to mobilisation of soil nutrients).

The effect of litter on soil chemical properties and microbial community was low. These were largely affected by the plant species growing in the pot. The effect of these species on the microbial community was stronger in the undisturbed soil of ancient grasslands, while plant species affected mainly chemical properties in disturbed soil of restored grasslands. B. erectus slowed down the decomposition of both litter types in restored grassland soil.

The effect of marcescent litter on living plants was significant but species‐specific and depended on soil conditions. Marcescence seems to have a stronger effect on plants in disturbed soil, which indicates its importance for recovery of the ecosystem after disturbance.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
How does paternalistic leadership affect employee silence in the Chinese context? A mediated three‐way interaction model
Authors: Mao Changguo , Cooke Fang Lee , Guo Lei
Published: May 2024

Although employee involvement is playing an increasingly important role in contemporary human resource management, the phenomenon of employee silence is prevalent in the workplace. This study examines how leader benevolence and authoritarianism, the two components of paternalistic leadership, affect employee silence in the Chinese context. Data from 415 employees nested in 42 workgroups provide evidence for a cross‐level, three‐way interaction between benevolent leadership and authoritarian leadership and employee collective identity predicting employee silence. Specifically, benevolent‐authoritarian leadership predicts the lowest employee silence behavior when an employee holds a high level of collective identity. This three‐way interaction effect is mediated by employee interpersonal justice. Our study extends the knowledge of employee voice/silence behavior in the Chinese cultural setting by shedding light on the role of leadership characteristics. To reduce employee silence, organizations should provide training to improve leaders' skills to balance authoritarianism with benevolence, as well as activate employees' collective identity to further enhance the effectiveness of paternalistic management.
Submerged fermentation of lentil protein isolate and its impact on protein functionality, nutrition, and volatile profiles
Authors: Shi Dai , Stone Andrea K. , Jafarian Zahra , Liu Enyu , Xu Caishuang , Bhagwat Aarti , Lu Yuping , Gao Peng , Polley Brittany , Bhowmik Pankaj , Rajagopalan Nandhakishore , Tanaka Takuji , Korber Darren R. , Nickerson Michael T.
Published: May 2024

Fermentation of pulses as a clean processing technique has been reported to have a favorable impact on the functional and nutritional quality of the starting materials. Compared to commonly fermented pulses such as peas and chickpeas, limited information is available on the effect of fermentation on lentils, especially when using a high protein isolate (>80% protein) as compared to seeds or flours. Therefore, in the present work, lentil protein isolate was used as a feedstock for submerged fermentation with Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, or Lactobacillus plantarum. After 48 h, the samples showed increased protein content with enhanced solubility and oil‐holding capacity. Controlled fermentation, as opposed to spontaneous fermentation, maintained the high foaming capacity; however, all fermented samples had lower foam and emulsion stabilizing properties and reduced water‐holding capacity compared to the control. The fermented proteins were also less digestible, possibly due to an increase in phenolics and saponins. New volatile compounds were identified in fermented samples that show promise for improved sensory attributes. Significant differences were observed in specific quality attributes depending on the microbial strain used. Further research is required to better understand the fermentative metabolism of microbial communities when provided high‐protein lentil ingredients as growth substrates.

Practical Application

Fermented lentil protein isolate has promising flavor profiles that may improve its sensory properties for food application.
Traditional cooking methods decreased the allergenicity of egg proteins
Authors: Jiang Songsong , Huang Yutong , Tang Xinlei , Wang Tao , Li Qian , Wang Hengpeng , Meng Xiangren
Published: May 2024

Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies globally. This study aimed to assess the impact of four traditional cooking methods on the allergenicity of egg proteins using a comprehensive strategy, including simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro, serology experiments, a rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)‐2H3 cell degranulation model, and a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mice model, and the structure changes were detected by circular dichroism (CD) spectra and ultraviolet (UV) spectra. The results showed that the processed egg proteins were more readily digested compared to raw egg proteins. The serological experiments revealed a significant reduction in immunoglobulin E binding of egg proteins after thermal treatments (p < 0.05), particularly after frying. Subsequently, the RBL‐2H3 cell degranulation experiment demonstrated a marked decrease in the level of egg allergens‐induced β‐hexosaminidase release after cooking (p < 0.05). Moreover, the results from the PCA mice model indicated that the increase in vascular permeability was effectively relieved in the treated groups, especially in frying group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the α‐helix and β‐turn contents of processed egg proteins were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with native egg proteins. The UV spectra findings showed that all cooking treatments caused significant alterations in the tertiary structure, and fluorescence analysis indicated that cooking decreased the surface hydrophobicity of egg proteins. In conclusion, four traditional cooking methods reduced the allergenicity of egg proteins, particularly frying, and this reduction was associated with structural changes that could contribute to the destruction or masking of epitopes of egg allergens.

Practical Application

Egg allergy has a serious impact on public health, and there is no ideal treatment method at present. This study demonstrated that four traditional cooking methods (boiling, steaming, baking, and frying) reduced the allergenicity of egg proteins, especially frying, and the results will provide a basis for the development of hypoallergenic egg products.
Exploring animal protein sources against prevent age‐related short‐term memory decline in mice: Dietary fish (Alaska Pollock) protein exhibits superior protective effects
Authors: Murakami Yuki , Hosomi Ryota , Murakami Hirokazu , Nishimoto Ayano , Tanaka Genki , Kimura Takahiro , Imamura Yukio , Yoshida Munehiro , Fukunaga Kenji
Published: May 2024

Dietary factors, particularly proteins, have been extensively explored to combat cognitive impairment. We have previously reported that dietary fish (Alaska Pollock) protein (APP) is more effective than casein (CAS) or fish oil in maintaining short‐term memory in senescence‐accelerated mice prone 10 (SAMP10). To examine the specificity of the protective effect of APP intakes against short‐term memory decline, we assessed the impact of various dietary animal proteins, including APP, CAS, chicken breast protein (CP), and whey protein (WP), against age‐related cognitive function in SAMP10 mice. After feeding the experimental diets for 5 months, memory was assessed using the Y‐maze. The APP group exhibited a significant increase in spontaneous alternation behavior as an indicator of working memory when group compared with groups fed with other protein source. Additionally, the APP group displayed significantly higher neurofilament heavy chain positivity than the CAS and CP groups, as evidenced immunohistochemical analysis. Gut microbiota analysis indicated that dietary APP significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, which positively correlated with spontaneous alternation behavior. Collectively, these findings suggest that dietary APP is more effective than CAS, CP, or WP in preventing age‐related short‐term memory decline and morphological abnormalities in the hippocampal axons of SAMP10 mice. Moreover, APP‐mediated improvements in cognitive deficits may be associated with changes in microbiota diversity.

Practical Application

This research suggests that dietary fish protein from Alaska Pollock may be more efficient in prevention short‐term memory decline in mice, compared to other animal proteins. This finding has practical implications for nutritional optimization, developing the new health food products, and elucidating the relationship between the impact of specific proteins on gut microbiota and prevention of age‐related cognitive decline.
Micronization induced gelatinization of tapioca starch and its effects on starch physicochemical and structural properties
Authors: Xia Wen , Lin Yanyun , Wang Fei , Liu Rui Hai
Published: May 2024

The vibrating superfine mill (VSM) is a machine that belongs to the micronization technique. In this study, VSM was employed to produce micronized tapioca starch by varying micronization times (15, 30, 45, and 60 min). The structural and physicochemical properties of the micronized starch were then examined. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that micronized starch was partially gelatinized, and the granule size dramatically increased when micronization time increased. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that the relative crystallinity was decreased from 24.67% (native) to 4.13% after micronization treatment for 15 min and slightly decreased after that. The solubility of micronized starch significantly increased as the micronization time increased, which was associated with the destruction of the starch crystalline structure. Differential scanning calorimetry investigations confirmed that micronized starch was “partly gelatinized,” and the degree of gelatinization increased to 81.27% when the micronization time was 60 min. The weight‐average molar mass was reduced by 15.0% (15 min), 30.9% (30 min), 55.7% (45 min), and 70.5% (60 min), respectively, indicating that the molecular structure was seriously degraded. The results demonstrated that the physicochemical changes of micronized starch granules were related to the destruction of the starch structure. These observations would provide details on micronized starch and its potential applications.

Practical Application

These observations would provide details on micronized starch and its potential applications. Moreover, we believe that when the structures of starches were known, it is probable that the effect of VSM on the structural and physicochemical properties change of other starches might be predicted by adjusting the processing time.
Response to dabrafenib plus trametinib on a rare BRAF mutation (V600_W604 deletion–insertion R) in an advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patient
Authors: Tamura Akiko , Inaba Higashiyama Ryoko , Yoshida Tatsuya , Satozono Yaya , Ohe Yuichiro
Published: May 2024

Although dabrafenib plus trametinib has been approved for BRAF V600E mutation positive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), data on its efficacy against uncommon BRAF mutations are still limited due to their rare frequency. We report a case of 70‐year‐old woman with BRAF V600_W604 deletion–insertion R‐positive stage IVA lung adenocarcinoma, who was successfully treated with dabrafenib plus trametinib. Herein, we discuss the oncogenic role of uncommon BRAF mutations and highlight the importance of performing comprehensive genomic profiling on patients without any targetable gene alterations in companion diagnostics.
Onset time, duration of action, and intubating conditions after mivacurium in elderly and younger patients
Authors: Vested Matias , Kempff‐Andersen Sebastian , Creutzburg Andreas , Dalsten Helene , Wadland Sarah Sofie , Rosenkrantz Oscar , Rosager Christine L. , Rasmussen Lars S.
Published: May 2024

Background

The neuromuscular blocking agent mivacurium can be used during anesthesia to facilitate tracheal intubation. Data on onset time, duration of action, and effect on intubating conditions in patients 80 years and older are however limited. We hypothesized that onset time and duration of action of mivacurium would be longer in elderly patients than in younger adults.

Methods

This prospective observational study included 35 elderly (≥80 years) and 35 younger (18–40 years) patients. Induction of anesthesia comprised fentanyl 1–3 μg kg−1 and propofol 1.5–2.5 mg kg−1 and propofol and remifentanil for maintenance. Acceleromyography was used for monitoring neuromuscular blockade. The primary outcome was onset time defined as time from injection of mivacurium 0.2 mg kg−1 to a train‐of‐four (TOF) count of zero. Other outcomes included duration of action (time to TOF ratio ≥0.9), intubating conditions using the Fuchs‐Buder scale and the intubating difficulty scale (IDS), and occurrence of hoarseness and sore throat postoperatively.

Results

No difference was found in onset time comparing elderly with younger patients; 219 s (SD 45) versus 203 s (SD 74) (difference: 16 s (95% CI: −45 to 14), p = .30). Duration of action was significantly longer in elderly patients compared with younger patients; 52 min (SD 17) versus 30 min (SD 8) (difference: 22 min [95% CI: 15 to 28], p < .001). No difference was found in the proportion of excellent intubating conditions (Fuchs‐Buder); 31/35 (89%) versus 26/35 (74%) (p = .12) or IDS score (p = .13). A larger proportion of younger patients reported sore throat 24 h postoperatively; 34% versus 0%, p = .0002. No difference was found in hoarseness.

Conclusion

No difference in onset time of mivacurium 0.2 mg kg−1 was found comparing elderly and younger patients. However, elderly patients had significantly longer duration of action. No difference was found in intubating conditions.
Characteristics and outcomes for general anesthesia in Denmark
Authors: Mortensen Signe Østergaard , Bolther Pælestik Maria , Lind Peter Carøe , Holmberg Mathias Johan , Granfeldt Asger , Stankovic Nikola , Andersen Lars Wiuff
Published: May 2024

Background

General anesthesia is common, but concerns regarding post‐operative complications and mortality remain. No study has described the Danish patient population undergoing general anesthesia on a national level. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing general anesthesia in Denmark.

Methods

This study was a registry‐based observational cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) undergoing general anesthesia in Denmark during 2020 and 2021. Data from nationwide registries covering patient characteristics, anesthesia and procedure information, and patient outcomes were combined. Descriptive statistics were used to present findings, both overall and in subgroups based on the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification.

Results

We identified 453,133 cases of general anesthesia in 328,951 unique patients. The median age was 57 years (quartiles: 41, 71), and 242,679 (54%) were females. Data on ASA classification were missing for less than 1% of the population, and ASA II was the most prevalent ASA classification (49%). Among cases of general anesthesia, 0.1% experienced a stroke, 0.2% had in‐hospital cardiac arrest, and 3.9% had a stay in the intensive care unit within 30 days. Mortality at 30 days and 1 year were 1.8% and 6.3%, respectively, increasing with a higher ASA classification.

Conclusion

This study offers the first comprehensive overview of adult patients undergoing general anesthesia in Denmark. Post‐anesthesia complications were few and increased with ASA classification.
Thermal scanners versus spotlighting: New opportunities for monitoring threatened small endotherms
Authors: Dawlings Finella M. E. , Humphrey Morgan , Nugent Daniel T. , Clarke Rohan H.
Published: May 2024

Threatened species monitoring is challenging for small, cryptic endotherms that are most effectively detected at night. Low detectability is a challenge for monitoring programmes, resulting in low statistical power and sparse or zero‐inflated datasets. To advance conservation management programmes, efforts to address this are required. In recent years thermal scanners have emerged as an effective tool for detecting small endotherms, but the diversity of available thermal tools, focal habitats and target species mean that their applicability in many key scenarios remain untested. We directly compared vehicle‐mounted thermal surveys with vehicle‐based spotlighting targeting small endotherms in Australian native grasslands. Our targets included both common species that occur at high densities, and species that are notoriously difficult to detect with spotlights, which may occur at very low densities. We completed paired surveys of roosting grassland birds, and nocturnally active small mammals at 22 sites, once using thermal scanners and once using spotlights. Ultimately, distance sampling was conducted across 136 km of transects. Thermal scanners facilitated greater detection distances and higher total detections for small endotherms when compared with spotlighting. Species of greatest conservation concern, the Plains‐wanderer (Pedionomus torquatus—Pedionomidae) and Fat‐tailed Dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata—Dasyuridae) were only detected using thermal scanners. Detection distances generated for thermal scanners were reduced by higher vegetation density; however, thermal scanners continued to outperform spotlights under this scenario. Observers also detected more stationary animals and fewer birds were flushed upon detection using thermal scanners when compared with spotlighting. Thermal scanners have the potential to improve the quality of monitoring datasets by increasing detection probabilities for small endotherms. We recommend the adoption of thermal scanners as a best‐practice tool for monitoring small endotherms in open grassland habitats at night, offering new opportunities to monitor endotherms where monitoring has historically been challenging, inadequate or impossible.
Economic sanctions and agricultural trade
Authors: Larch Mario , Luckstead Jeff , Yotov Yoto V.
Published: May 2024

Economic sanctions are more popular than ever. But do they affect agricultural trade? Combining two new datasets and capitalizing on the latest developments in the empirical structural gravity literature, we investigate the effects of sanctions on international trade of agricultural products. We find that trade sanctions impede agricultural trade, whereas other sanctions do not show any significant impact. Complete trade sanctions have led to about a 67% decrease in the agricultural trade between the sanctioned and sanctioning countries, or a corresponding tariff equivalent of 25%, and we also obtain significant estimates for partial sanctions. At the industry level, we find substantial heterogeneity depending on the sanctioning and sanctioned countries, the type of sanctions used, and the direction of trade flows. The 2014 sanctions on Russia substantially decreased Russia's agricultural trade, mainly due to reduced trade with the EU but also due to reduced trade with other countries. Although no definitive evidence exists that sanctions alter the actions of governments of receiving countries, this paper provides broad evidence that sanctions hamper agrifood trade and hurt producers, consumers, and real output.
Kava‐induced dermatitis: A detailed histopathological analysis
Authors: du Plessis Nisbet Jacqueline , Xie Danica , Thompson Russell , Wark Kirsty , Lamrock Edwina , Scurry James
Published: May 2024

Kava induced dermatitis has been reported in previous case series, however the histology has rarely been described. This case report details an erythematous eruption associated with Kava ingestion and the associated folliculocentric sebaceous inflammation found on histological analysis.
Antiarrhythmic preferences and outcomes post DC cardioversion for atrial fibrillation, an Australian rural perspective
Authors: Thomas Martin , Elhindi James , Kamaladasa Kanishka , Sirisena Tilak
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Direct current cardioversion (DCCV) remains one of the recommended management strategies for symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF). Antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) are prescribed post procedure to maintain sinus rhythm (SR). Limited literature exists on the AAD prescribing practices and their efficacy, post‐DCCV in rural Australia.

Objective

The primary aim was to determine the preferred AAD post‐DCCV and the factors affecting AAD prescribing practices. The secondary aim was to assess the efficacy of the AAD in maintaining SR.

Design

A retrospective observational audit of patients with non‐valvular AF who underwent successful elective DCCV for symptomatic AF, during 2015–2020 at a regional hospital in New South Wales (NSW) (Dubbo Base Hospital). Patients were followed up for a duration of 12 months post‐DCCV.

Results

233 patients underwent successful DCCV during the study duration. Amiodarone was the preferred AAD of choice post‐DCCV followed by sotalol and flecainide, respectively (36.5% vs. 27.8% vs. 1.3%). 35.2% patients were not prescribed AAD. Amiodarone and sotalol had similar but modest efficacies and neither were superior to no AAD, in maintaining SR 12 months post‐DCCV (AF recurrence rate 61.5% vs. 68.2% vs. 71.6% respectively, p = 0.37). Antecedent cerebrovascular accident (CVA), pulmonary disease, smoking, prior treatment with digoxin, diuretics and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction were factors that influenced AAD prescribing practices.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates equal efficacies of amiodarone, sotalol and no AAD in maintaining SR 12 months post‐DCCV. Prescribing practices post‐DCCV at Dubbo Base Hospital differ from observed national trends and guidelines. AAD prescription requires a multifaceted approach with a key consideration to prioritise safety over efficacy, being mindful of challenges in delivering optimal healthcare in a rural setting.
Augmenter of liver regeneration knockout aggravates tubular ferroptosis and macrophage activation by regulating carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1A‐induced lipid metabolism in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Zheng , Huang Lili , Wang Chunxia , Yang Pengfei , Zhang Ling , Liao Xiaohui
Published: May 2024

Aim

Ferroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death that performs a critical function in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) exists in the inner membrane of mitochondria, and inhibits inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in acute kidney injury; however, its role in DN remains unexplored. Here, we aimed to identify the role of ALR in ferroptosis induction and macrophage activation in DN.

Methods

The expression of ALR was examined in DN patients, db/db DN mice, and HK‐2 cells treated with high glucose (HG). The effects of ALR on ferroptosis and macrophage activation were investigated with ALR conditional knockout, lentivirus transfection, transmission electron microscopy, qRT‐PCR and western blotting assay. Mass spectrometry and rescue experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism of ALR.

Results

ALR expression was reduced in the kidney tissues of DN patients and mice, serum of DN patients, and HG‐HK‐2 cells. Moreover, the inhibition of ALR promoted ferroptosis, macrophage activation, and DN progression. Mechanistically, ALR can directly bind to carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1A (CPT1A), the key rate‐limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and inhibit the expression of CPT1A to regulate lipid metabolism involving FAO and lipid droplet‐mitochondrial coupling in DN.

Conclusion

Taken together, our findings revealed a crucial protective role of ALR in ferroptosis induction and macrophage activation in DN and identified it as an alternative diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for DN.
A study exploring the impact of unemployment on the psychological well‐being of youth
Authors: Wani Haroon Rashid , Ahmed Atiq
Published: May 2024

Unemployment is widely recognized to cause a variety of psychosocial problems that might have a harmful impact on mental health. The study looks into the psychological well‐being of youth and their personal experiences with the unemployment. This article draws on primary sources to provide an in‐depth understanding of the effects unemployment among youth in Anantnag, Kashmir. The primary data include narratives, which are a qualitative approach that specifically emphasizes the stories of those who were unemployed. To collect the data, a demographic form and an interview guide were used. An unstructured interview schedule was employed with 25 youths with ages ranging from 21 to 32 years. Data were collected from July to August 2023. Participants were selected using the snowball sampling method. All of the participants were from Anantnag, the district in Jammu and Kashmir. As per the findings of the study, unemployment causes youth to feel worthless, lose self‐identity, feel shame, and experience stress. Given the possible detrimental effects of youth unemployment, efforts should be made to increase psychological support for unemployed youth to address mental health issues.
Effects of grazing on functional diversity along secondary succession in a tropical dry forest (Caatinga, Brazil)
Authors: Batista de Sousa José , Sfair Julia Caram , Bermejo Asensio Luis Alberto , Chaves Raquel Bruna , Nunes João Paulo Andrade , Vieira Ivinna Kariny da Costa , Baldauf Cristina
Published: May 2024

Aim

Livestock production is among the main anthropogenic disturbances in seasonally dry tropical forests. However, its effects on plant functional composition in dry forests is poorly understood. Our goal was to analyze the variation in both functional composition and functional diversity of plant communities under goat grazing and at different ages of fallow in a tropical dry forest.

Location

Brazilian dry forest (Caatinga) in Rio Grande do Norte State, northeastern Brazil.

Methods

We measured the height, leaf area, and specific leaf area of all shrub‐tree and herbaceous species along a gradient of stocking rate, years of grazing, and age of fallow. Additionally, we quantified the foliar contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and tannins in the tree shrub layer. We tested the effects of grazing and deforestation using linear mixed models.

Results

Our findings suggest that the functional diversity of plant communities in the Caatinga is not altered when goat grazing and secondary succession are examined independently. However, the interaction of both factors has affected the functional diversity, particularly in the herbaceous layer. Although grazing influenced specific traits in the shrub‐tree layer, the overall functional diversity remained unaltered by grazing, succession, or their interaction.

Conclusions

Grazing does not interfere with the natural succession process nor diminish the functional diversity of plant communities in the Caatinga. Therefore, with appropriate management, grazing can coexist with the conservation goals of the Caatinga.
Unequal by malice, protesters by outrage: Agent perceptions drive moralization of, and collective action against, inequality
Authors: Cervone Carmen , Suitner Caterina , Carraro Luciana , Menini Andrea , Maass Anne
Published: May 2024

Economic inequality does not encounter strong protests even though individuals are generally against it. One potential explanation of this paradox is that individuals do not perceive inequality as caused by intentional agents, which, in line with the Theory of Dyadic Morality (Schein & Gray, 2018), should prevent its assessment as immoral and consequently dampen moral outrage and collective action. Across three studies, we test and confirm this hypothesis. In Studies 1 (N = 395) and 2 (N = 337), the more participants believed that inequality is human driven and caused by intentional agents, the more they moralized inequality, felt outraged and wanted to engage in collective action. This was confirmed in Study 3 (N = 243) through an experimental design. Thus, our research shows that agent perception is crucial in the moralization of economic inequality and, more broadly, that morality can be a powerful motivator and effectively mobilize people to action.
Case report of ADEM in an adult patient with chikungunya
Authors: Barros João Alfredo M. M. , Vasconcelos Arthur Felipe Barbosa , Carvalho Francisco Anderson de Sá , Filho Gilmar Leite Pessoa , Gomes Ana Luísa Castelo Branco , Leite Raíssa N. L. F. , Bezerra João Felipe , Leite Juliana Magalhães , Andrade Rafael de Souza , Oliveira Bianca Etelvina Santos de , Meira Alex T.
Published: May 2024

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a demyelinating immune‐mediated disease characterized by bilateral and confluent lesions in white matter (WM), with an acute onset. This condition may arise due to a myriad of etiological factors, encompassing mainly vaccines and viral infections. This case report describes a 39‐y‐old patient who presented with a sudden onset of fever, confusion, and reduced level of consciousness, associated with paraparesis in the lower limbs and urinary retention, 2 d before admission to the neurological emergency department. The work‐up included analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which showed 1.6 cells/mm3 and elevated proteins (91 g/dL); in addition to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and the spinal cord, in which hyperintense ovoid lesions with asymmetrical and bilateral distribution in the WM and basal ganglia were observed in the T2 and FLAIR. Later, chikungunya virus was detected in a molecular viral panel in the CSF. The patient exhibited an improvement radiologically, and in his condition following pulse with methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, and 40 mg of prednisone was prescribed for management during outpatient follow‐up. This study highlights arbovirus infections as a possible cause of acute neurological conditions, involving both the brain and the spinal cord. Furthermore, the findings observed in the report were compared with those described in the literature, including other arboviruses. In conclusion, it was observed that the majority of patients responded to treatment with corticosteroids or immunoglobulins, with some neurological deficits eventually persisting. Therefore, more studies are needed to better investigate therapeutic options.
Survival outcomes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary: A national cohort study
Authors: Hardman John C. , Constable James , Dobbs Sian , Hogan Christopher , Hulse Kate , Khosla Shivun , Milinis Kristijonas , Tudor‐Green Ben , Williamson Andrew , Paleri Vinidh ,   INTEGRATE (The UK ENT Trainee Research Network)
Published: May 2024

Introduction

To investigate factors influencing survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of unknown primary (HNSCCUP).

Methods

A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted, over 5 years from January 2015, in UK Head and Neck centres, of consecutive adults undergoing 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose‐PET‐CT within 3 months of diagnosis with metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Patients treated as HNSCCUP underwent survival analysis, stratified by neck dissection and/or radiotherapy to the ipsilateral neck, and by HPV status.

Results

Data were received from 57 centres for 965 patients, of whom 482 started treatment for HNSCCUP (65.7% HPV‐positive, n = 282/429). Five‐year overall survival (OS) for HPV‐positive patients was 85.0% (95% CI 78.4–92.3) and 43.5% (95% CI 32.9–57.5) for HPV‐negative. HPV‐negative status was associated with worse OS, disease‐free (DFS), and disease‐specific (DSS) survival (all p < .0001 on log‐rank test) but not local control (LC) (p = .16). Unilateral HPV‐positive disease treated with surgery alone was associated with significantly worse DFS (p < .0001) and LC (p < .0001) compared to radiotherapy alone or combined modalities (5‐year DFS: 24.9%, 82.3% and 94.3%; 5‐year LC: 41.8%, 98.8% and 98.6%). OS was not significantly different (p = .16). Unilateral HPV‐negative disease treated with surgery alone was associated with significantly worse LC (p = .017) (5‐year LC: estimate unavailable, 93.3% and 96.6%, respectively). Small numbers with bilateral disease precluded meaningful sub‐group analysis.

Conclusions

HPV status is associated with variable management and outcomes in HNSCCUP. Unilateral neck disease is treated variably and associated with poorer outcomes when managed with surgery alone. The impact of diagnostic oropharyngeal surgery on primary site emergence, survival and functional outcomes is unestablished.