bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Powstanie grupy w aspekcie oddziaływań wychowawczo-trenerskich. Szkic z zakresu praktyki pedagogicznej
Authors: Gaik Bartłomiej
Published: November 2019

Proces resocjalizacji opiera się na dwóch podstawowych metodach oddziaływania na jednostkę. Pierwszą z nich jest oddziaływanie oparte na bezpośredniej relacji wychowawcy z wychowankiem. Drugą metodą jest praca opierająca się na grupie społecznej. Niniejszy tekst jest próbą podsumowania praktyki pedagogicznej i zestawienia jej z wymaganiami teoretycznymi. Przedmiotem analizy jest dynamika powstania grupy i pogłębiony proces jej tworzenia. Przedstawione zostały czynniki sprzyjające procesowi powstania grupy oraz podstawowe metody jej pozytywnego tworzenia. Grupa w procesie resocjalizacji jest najważniejszym instrumentem oddziaływań socjoterapeutycznych. Umiejętne sterowanie jej powstaniem i dynamiką zmian jest gwarantem sukcesu resocjalizacji w przypadku nieletnich. Umiejętne sterowanie jej pracą powoduje, że resocjalizacja przenosi się z zewnętrznych nakazów na wewnętrzne normy i wartości zarówno jednostek, jak i całej społeczności. Praca włożona w umiejętne zbudowanie i uruchomienie procesów grupowych jest bardziej efektywna w kontekście czasu niż bezpośredni nadzór wychowawczy.
To the Question of Cleaning Anodic Gases of the Cell with the Soderberg`s Anodе
Authors: Storozhev Yu.I. , Polyakov P.V. , Dekterev Ar.A. , Kazantsev Ya.V.
Published: November 2019

The emerging environmental problems of the cells with the Soderberg`s anode, associated with the lack of a vacuum alignment system in the subcaseous gas outlet network and an effective technological device for high-temperature oxidation of anode gases are considered. In order to increase the efficiency of high-temperature oxidation of harmful components of the anode gas, a compact burner with internal thermal insulation has been proposed, which is installed on the longitudinal side of the anode, which makes it possible to reduce CO emissions by 1.5 times. Considering the insufficient efficiency of the wet gas cleaning stage for sulfur dioxide, it is recommended to replace it with a dry adsorption gas cleaning using nepheline sludge as an adsorbent, which provides for sulfur dioxide trapping by 95–100 %.
Environmental and Practical Aspects of the Use of Burnt Rocks and Drill Cuttings in the Production of Porous Filler
Authors: Kairakbaev A.K. , Abdrakhimova E.S. , Abdrakhimov V.Z.
Published: November 2019

The advantages of using effective insulation materials from waste productions – burnt rocks and drill sludge based on liquid glass – are laid out. The compositions and the method of production for obtaining a porous filler have been developed, which is confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation. The use of waste materials – one of the most effective ways to save natural materials, with simultaneous utilization of byproducts and contributes to environmental protection.
A Sense of Japanese Aesthetics: The Role of Materiality in the Work of SANAA
Authors: Yang Jing
Published: November 2019

While the globalization of the styles and ideas has smoothed geographical and cultural borders,the contemporaryJapanesearchitecturehasretainedaverydistinctive style.SANAAisaninternationallysigniﬁcantandprize-winningﬁrmofarchitectswhose works seem to exemplify this kind of architecture.Some of the distinctive features of their work are simplicity, transparency and formal austerity,as well as a peculiar ambiguity in the expression of materiality. What role does the materiality play in creating something uniquely Japanese out of modern architecture? Through a case-study of Louvre-Lens Museum, the paper investigates the role that materiality plays in realising the Japanese aesthetics, focusing primarily on two key material features that have been identiﬁed in SANAA’s work: transparency and whiteness. Some concepts of Japanese aesthetics are investigated in order to have a better understanding of the idea of ambiguity and weakness embedded in Japanese culture, including the concepts of mono no aware, superﬂat and philosophy of Rikyu Grey. By analysing the materiality and luminance conditions of interior space of the Louvre-Lens Museum and impact of the environment and time on exterior materiality, the paper suggests that materiality turns out to be a vital tool in the creation of a more tactile and ambiguous experience of vision, which transformed the focus of architecture from form to sensibility and perception. The Japanese aesthetic of simplicity, ambiguity and ephemerality is subtly applied through the seemingly neutral expression of materiality in SANAA’s architecture.
Contemporary Contextualization: Using Cross-Cultural Practice in Sensitive Contexts
Authors: Neville Zoltán
Published: November 2019

As a physical manifestation of political, social, and economic forces, architecture has been affected by globalization in the same ways as other ﬁelds. It has succumbed to thecriticismofthehomogenizationofitsproduct,andarchitectscontinuetosearchfor relevance in this new global context. However, as globalization matures in the twentyﬁrstcentury,sodoestheunderstandingoftheneedforculturalidentity.Asnewcomplex contexts arise, they require a sensitive understanding of the forces in play, in order to continue to create humanistic interventions in the built environment. While some may consider global practice a threat to local environments, given today’s complex conditions, the lines between local and global begin to blur together. Thus, it can be arguedthattrans-nationalpracticeenhancestheabilitytorespondsensitivelytointricate political, social, and urban contexts which are now more common than ever. Two Sino-French case studies are used here to demonstrate this phenomenon; one in China and one in France. Together they show how these forces manifest themselves throughthecross-culturalexchangethatisneededforfuturepractice.Astheprofession moves forward, one can consider that this international sensitivity will be increasingly employed to successfully engage and respond to complex local environments.
Crossing Boundaries–Tactical Urbanism Practices in Guangzhou City
Authors: Jiang Fanying , Ware SueAnne , Gao Wei
Published: November 2019

Tactical Urbanism is a growing movement across the world in which individuals, communities, and municipalities are improving their cities by using short-term, lowcost, and small-scale interventions and policies to catalyze long term change. The aim of this paper is to test the principle sand the approach of tactical urbanism to solve Guangzhou’slocalpublicspacesproblemsbyshowcasingtwotacticalurbanismprojects which have been completed in the Guangzhou urban context. These two cases reveal the opportunities that bottom-up approaches like tactical urbanism can build a bridge to conjunct with long term planning efforts and complete the top-down mechanisms. IntheZhusigangcommunitycase,we examine the spontaneous unplanned practices in the local community,which resemble“Tacticalurbanism” principles,and their spatial appropriation and utilization of marginalized community spaces. We assess how and where daily activities are happening and what other amenities could be provide by temporarily introducing these activities into a local gallery space. In the former textile factory case, we present examples that make the case for temporary, ﬂexible and experimental responses to urban vacant land, then conclude by outlining the potential beneﬁts and drawbacks of this temporary use model. This paper explores the existing practices of appropriation and the potential of temporary occupation in the city and concludes with thoughts on how tactical urbanism, an international movement, might gain a foothold in the context of local Chinese communities
Collaborative Public Space in China: Two Waterfront Projects, Shanghai and Suzhou
Authors: Hoskyns Teresa
Published: November 2019

This paper discusses public space in China and explores how theories of public space can be applied to two waterfront projects. As case studies the paper compares two public waterfront projects: The 18 km Jinji Lake project in Suzhou and the 45km Huangpu River waterfront project in Shanghai, both completed in 2018. The Jinji lake development in the heart of Suzhou designed by EDAW later AECOM also boasts inclusive 24/7 access and people centered design. Democratic theory is commonly used in the West to discuss public space however LiminHeearguesthatthediscourseasunderstoodinthewesterndemocratictradition is not adequate for Asian cities (Hee, 2017). Constructing Singapore Public Space, Springer) This paper ﬁnds that although the idea of public space in China is argued to be an evolving concpt (Gaubatz, 2008, pp 72-83), notions of democratic participation, Human Centered Design (HCD) and place-making methods are central development policyinChinesecities.Whereastermslikevibrancyandvitalityarecommonlyusedby scholars to evaluate and discuss public space in China, rather than democratic theory, theories from western scholars such as Habermas’s theory of the public sphere are also relevant and collaborative practices between civil society and the state are key to the participatory nature of Chinese public space.
Architectural Design based on Wang Shu’s Approach to Theory and Research
Authors: Zhang Lingke
Published: November 2019

Under the process of rapid urbanization, the problem of cultural continuity began to appear in Chinese urban and rural areas. After studying architecture in China and researching Western philosophy, Chinese architect Wang Shu developed a unique theory based on the reality of urbanization in China. In order to realistically act upon this context, he began developing a methodology for his based on conducting detailed research and performing experiments with small-scale projects as a precursor to begin design projects.As a result, his works shows great respect to the quality of local life and culture.His research and practice has allowed him to overcome the distinction between professional and amateur, city and countryside. This essay introduces Wang Shu’s research-based architectural design approach through three levels: theory, research, and practice.
Mountain Waters: Using Chinese Landscape Thought As a Frame for Architectural Practice in China
Authors: RIBA Matthew Priestman
Published: November 2019

Working on many scales and types of projects in China at times of rapid change, the writer is founder of his own architectural practice Priestman Architects now based in Chongqing and is a PhD candidate at London’s University of Westminster. Environmental, socio-economic and spatial problems persist and metamorphose; the phenomenon of the burgeoning and dominant human habitat of the city is also faced with rapid change from new forms of occupation and technologies. Promoting hopeful visions of the unruly city and its interrelated fringes is a pressing need. This paper proposes an outline theoretical framework using ideas of cultural landscape in China to better frame and locate architectural work. The paper starts with Living off Landscape by Francois Jullien which discusses the potency of Chinese ideas of landscape against the limitations of European landscape thought and includes a discussion of photography as the primary media beyond painting that is extending ideas of landscape. The paper considers the use of the path in classical Chinese landscape painting as a conceptual, cultural and physical thread linking the non-urban to the urban. There, the building - heroic object or urban component - can both accommodate exterior contexts and combine resonant interiorities to constitute a fertile field where social and private domains touch.
The Possibility of Teaching Chinese Students of Architecture to Write (A House)
Authors: Berstrand Tordis
Published: November 2019

Writing, as the projection of a building, is integral to the discipline of architecture. In the speciﬁcation, the architect describes the ediﬁce from inside out so that it may materialise in accordance with the plan drawn up. There are other kinds of writing too, if not the writing of a house itself – a paper house built from words without even folding the surface of its ﬂat ground. I propose to write this house by moving four times around my chosen site – an A4 sheet of white paper. Four times because tracing the contours of this ﬁeld means turning a corner four times. Two times two, because when turning the paper itself, the writing splits across one side and the other. One times four, because writing a hole in the centre allows me to peep through this central void to charge the whole structure from within. And if, by then, the boundaryofthesitealsosplits,thenaspacewillemergebetweenitsdoublelinesandI willhavearrivedinanewlocation–possiblyanewkindofhouse.CanIwritethishouse?
Re-thinking Re-construction New Design Strategies for the Reconstruction after Natural Disasters. A Local Research Experience for a Global Topic
Authors: Bianchi Roberto , Ruggiero Roberto
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the ongoing results of a design research carried out at the School ofArchitectureandDesign” EduardoVittoria”of Ascoli Piceno(SAAD)of the university of Camerino. Thespeciﬁcobjectiveoftheresearchistodevelopaninnovativeandreplicabledesign methodology, and to experiment new design strategies devoted to the sustainable, compatible and innovative-construction after natural disasters in rural areas and low-density urban systems. The research is based on a “local-to-global” approach: it refers to Italy as a case study but it aims to achieve general results applicable in different geographical contexts. Thespeciﬁccasestudyrelatestotheearthquakethatin2016/2017affectedasigniﬁcant area of Central Italy and that strongly hit a large part of the so called “Italian village system”, i.e. a peculiar environmental and productive urban system that is still now in real emergency. As in most of the international reconstruction experiences, this reconstruction will certainly require along process which,still today,is full of unknowns. The massive damage caused by this disastrous event, the constraints imposed by regulations and the need for and adaptation of the buildings stock to the current housing standards, exclude the possibility of applying design strategies focused on a “where it was/as it was” model. This awareness, which increases the uncertainty about the future of the ”earthquake” communities, requires an innovative approach in relation to apparently incompatible aspects: the preservation of the identity of lost places and the upgrade of building performance often explicitly required by the population and however connected to a new housing demand. In relation to worldwide territories with a high level of disaster risk, this scenario can nowadays be considered a global issue which concerns both cultural and technical aspects. The design methodology pursued is based on a scientiﬁc approach to re-construction that focuses on a “systemic” and “design to build” approach that concerns also productive and technological aspects in relation to purposes of low-cost performance, constructive simplicity, cost-effectiveness of the interventions. This approach aims also at the introduction of the lightweight building system in contexts of traditional and massive construction, according to an idea of a construction site as an “assembly point” of prefabricated parts, light and modular, with a controlled life-cycle.
Robotically Fabricated Ice Formwork: An Exploration on Casting Morphologically Programmed Complex Concrete Elements with Robotically Milled Ice Formworks
Authors: Pontello Enrico , Tamke Martin , Sitnikov Vasily
Published: November 2019

This document focuses on the exploration of casting complex concrete architectural elements with ice formwork. Replacing conventional concrete formwork with ice formwork,allows to produce architectural elements with complex geometries in a highly controlled off-site production process,with almost complete use of the mold material. Usingdigitallydrivenfabricationtoolssuchasaroboticarmmilling,the goal is to achieve 3d shapes made from one or more ice molds, able to be stacked, assembled and merged together in order to deﬁne architectural partitions. One of the main instigators of this research is the sustainability, showcased both through the usage of ice as a mold material that is 100% reusable, and the unique ability of the described process to produce topology optimized shapes in concrete, which reduces the use of this high carbon footprint material to to bare minimum. Ice formwork allows furthermore,to create bespoke shapes for every single element in an efﬁcient way. This opens new avenues for architectural design and construction. This project uses a design based research methodology, where each physical iteration is carefully evaluated against the digital model, embracing morphological material programming.
The Potential of Smart Glazing for Occupant Well-Being and Reduced Energy Load in a Central-Mediterranean Climate
Authors: Magri Etienne , Buhagiar Vincent , Overend Mauro
Published: November 2019

The ever-increasing aesthetically driven demand for fully glazed façades poses a design challenge; not least in controlling the cooling demand and occupant well-being of such buildings, especially in a central Mediterranean climate. This paper outlines the ever-important need to design for occupants and for designers to keep in mind, first and foremost, occupant well-being rather than aim solely to create energy-efficient buildings. The original objective of buildings was to provide shelter. Today however, the need for occupant comfort and its direct effect on productivity cannot be ignored. This need, therefore, ought to feature a central role in any building design. Studies show that occupant well-being is directly related to a range of environmental factors, particularly daylight distribution, glare and indoor air temperature. The use of external shading devices and more commonly, indoor blinds are often the adopted approaches to attempt to achieve indoor occupant comfort, often to the detriment of views. Adaptive facades seek to address the need to somehow strike a balance between occupant comfort and energy efficiency. These facades range from exterior and interior shading devices with varying control strategies, to the different forms of adaptive/switchable glazing technologies intended to control the visual light transmittance and solar radiation transmitted into a building’s interior. In the opinion of the authors, electrochromic glazing has a great potential in a cooling-dominated central Mediterranean climate, to achieve a compromise between occupant visual and thermal comfort whilst retaining unobstructed outdoor views at all times. Research shows that the potential benefits of electrochromic glazing have not yet been studied enough in real-life scenarios,and this paper further introduces the objectives for field study within two identical offices, having a South-South-East orientation, located in a central Mediterranean climate.
Sustainable Architecture for Future High Density Cities: An Applied Design Approach
Authors: Bissoonauth Chitraj , M. Herr Christiane , Fischer Thomas
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a series of speculative, research-driven architectural design proposals addressing sustainability in the high-density urban contexts of Shanghai and Hong Kong. The projects each address speciﬁc urban problems arising from the site contexts while also developing and utilising innovative ideas generated from architectural and technological considerations. Design results include speculative mid-rise buildings that employ innovative sustainable design approaches ranging from the social to the material dimension. While ﬁndings conﬁrm the general notion that an integrated architectural approach must address social, ecological and economic issues to ensure sustainability and viability, this paper further informs researchers as well as practitioners in the creative disciplines with regards to the short- and long-term priorities we have established amongst these issues through the discussed investigation.
Searching for sterility genes in bulb onion breeding accessions with the use of DNA markers
Authors: Domblides Artur S.
Published: November 2019

Relevance.Sterility is a very important trait that is indispensable for hybrid production. Genetic factor underlying in plant sterility can be now identified in large plant populations by DNA markers with high effectiveness and reliability. The evaluation of such markers enables to define their current applicability in breeding program.

Methods.The markers from different publications that had been successfully used were taken to test their effectiveness on 19 accessions of bulb onion (Allium cepaL.).

Results.Mitochondrial genes5’cob, orf725andorfA501and alleles of fertility restoring locus Ms were also identified. Four breeding accessions had S-cytoplasm, nine accessions were with T-cytoplasm and six shared normal cytoplasm not showing any sterility gene in the analysis. As a result of marker testing, the all compositions of the genes in cytoplasm and Ms alleles in nucleus affecting the sterility had been revealed, such as one sterility maintainer, one male sterile accession, and two fertility restorers. However, it should be noted that not all markers tested were in accordance with each other, where the markers originated from chloroplast DNA of did not confirmed the results obtained with those cytoplasm-origins. As it was shown the practical use of the set of markers makes it possible to reveal necessary accessions with required gene composition for hybrid production in bulb onion.
Characteristics of new population of melon breeding Bikovskaya experimental station
Authors: Baibakova Nina G. , Varivoda Elena A. , Koleboshina Tatyana G.
Published: November 2019

Relevance. Melon is one of the most common cultures among melons. Bykovskaya for melon breeding research station scouting for new varieties of melon. When breeding melons, it is necessary to pay attention to such economic characteristics of melons as precocity, productivity, high quality products, resistance to disease, cold resistance.

Methods. Studies were carried out in 2017-2018 at the Bikovskaya experimental station, in rainfed conditions. Object of study – varieties and hybrid populations of melon.

Results. As a result of selection work the new variety sample of melon of Syngent x Dune is received. In 2017, this population was first included in the station variety testing. According to the research results, the new hybrid population Matures before The standard of the autumn variety for 6 days. The excess in yield over the standard is 6.6 t / ha. The taste of the new variety sample is at the level of standard varieties Osen. Thus, the variety sample of Syngent x Dune has a beautiful appearance, high yield of marketable products, good taste of the fruit, resistance to sunburn, good transportability, which will diversify the range of melon varieties grown in Russia.
Selection estimation of red currant hybrid family ‘Belaya Potapenko’ x SS 1426-21-80
Authors: Kalinina Olga V. , Golyaeva Olga D. , Panfilova Olga V.
Published: November 2019

Relevance.One of the priority trends in berry crop breeding is to create highly adaptive and resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors varieties with high commodity and consumer quality of berries, not inferior to the best Western European varieties.

Material and methods.The research was conducted in 2017-2018 at VNIISPK (Orel) on the selection plot of red currants, planted in 2012, with a planting scheme 2.8 x 0.8 m. The research object was the selection red currant family 2466 (♀Belaya Potapenko x ♂SS 1426-21-80) of VNIISPK breeding in the amount of 66 hybrid seedlings. The parent forms of this family were selected as sources of valuable economical and breeding characters. The variety Belaya Potapenko has a dessert taste of berries, and the selected seedling 1426-21-80 was taken due to its productivity and long racemes. The economical and biological characters of the hybrid seedlings were studied according to the “Program and methods of fruit, berry and nut crops variety investigation”, section “Currants, gooseberry and their hybrids” (1999).

Results.The progeny of the crossing combination Belaya Potapenko x SS 1426-21-80 is characterized by high adaptability to soil and climatic conditions of cultivation that provides good development of the seedlings and their high productivity. When crossing white-fruit Belaya Potapenko with redfruit SS 1426-21-80, seedlings with white berries are absent in the offspring, which indicates that the paternal original form is homozygous for the dominant gene that controls the red color of the berries. Hybridological analysis showed that with medium weight of berries of parental forms, the manifestation of this trait in the offspring increased, the share of large-fruited seedlings was 18-37%, depending on the year of the study. The taste estimation of the off-spring of this family showed that a great amount of the seedlings had an intermediate sweet and sour taste, part of hybrids inherited sour taste from the paternal original parent. The hybrid family is valuable for the output of highly productive large-fruited seedlings with long racemes. Re-hybridization of the best seedlings with sources of high taste of berries is necessary to improve the taste.
Comparative characteristics of the biochemical composition of chard and table beet accessions from VIR collection
Authors: Sokolova Diana V. , Shelenga Tatiana V. , Solovieva Alla E.
Published: November 2019

Relevance. Healthy eating is one of the many steps that lead to a healthy nation. It implies the provision of the human body with all the necessary elements for its normal functioning. Within the framework of import substitution, it is extremely important to identify and popularize valuable crops that are suitable for cultivation in the territory of the Russian Federation. One of these rarely studied and insufficiently studied cultures is the leaf variety of beet –chard (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. сicla). Man uses in the food the fleshy petioles and leaves of this plant.

Material and methods. The purpose of the research was to identify the characteristics of the biochemical composition of chard and compare them with the widespread red beet. The object of the study was 44 accessions of red beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris) and 32 accessions of chard from the VIR collection, differing in phenotype and origin. The accessions were cultivated in the vegetable crop rotation in the Research and production base “Pushkin and Pavlovsk laboratories of VIR” (Pushkin, Leningrad region) for two years (2014 and 2015). Biochemical analysis was performed using standard methods. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the metabolites was assessed using GС-МS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry).

Results. The results of the study revealed significant variability of indicators depending on the specific genotype. The indicators of the content of ascorbic acid, protein and pigments: betanin in beetroot and β -carotene in leafy can be attributed to slightly varying. A detailed comparative description of the content of carbohydrate profile metabolites is given. It is shown that chard is better balanced in terms of monosaccharides content, differs in low sucrose content. The amino acid composition of chard is richer and more diverse than that of table beet, it is significantly ahead of table beet in essential amino acids for humans. Selected accessions of chard are recommended for use in infant, dietary and diabetic nutrition. Due to the high protein content (83% higher than that of red beet), the culture is recommended as an ingredient for feed production. Leaf beet has a number of valuable advantages: unpretentious in cultivation, decorative and, most importantly, has great potential for use in human nutrition and fodder production.
Mistaken Assumptions in Addressing Racial Disparities in Behavioral Health Applied to Criminal Justice
Authors: Stein Melissa Neal
Published: November 2019

People of color are disproportionately impacted by the criminal justice system. Many jurisdictions attempt to reduce racial disparities; however, they often do not incorporate strategies to effectively address institutional and structural racism. Resulting data reveal no effect or an exacerbating effect on disparities. This commentary attempts to translate three mistaken assumptions from the field of behavioral health, so that they apply to criminal justice system reforms. The mistaken assumptions for criminal justice are that system-wide reform efforts will naturally reduce disparities, current reforms meet the needs of diverse communities, and evidence-based practices have been tested for their impact on diverse groups. These may be countered with the following recommendations: apply critical race theory, respond to communities' needs, and adapt evidence-based practices.
Aplicación territorial de la legislación de obtención y gestión de datos de investigación
Authors: Ortega Giménez Alfonso
Published: November 2019

El objeto de este trabajo es abordar algunos de los retos jurídicos que plantean los nuevos escenarios de colaboración internacional en la investigación genética. Desde la perspectiva del Derecho internacional privado nos ocuparemos de reflexionar acerca de la aplicación territorial de la legislación de obtención y gestión de datos de investigación biomédica.
Tres afirmaciones de partida debemos hacer: primera, los datos de investigación en genética humana son datos de carácter personal; segunda, así considerados, la investigación en genética humana está sujeta a la normativa vigente sobre protección de datos de carácter personal; y, tercera, estos nuevos escenarios de colaboración internacional en la investigación genética se traducen, objetivamente en el fomento de las transferencias internacionales de datos de carácter personal.
Así las cosas, en las páginas siguientes nos ocuparemos del régimen jurídico de protección para la determinación de la ley aplicable a las transferencias internacionales de datos de carácter personal previsto en la Directiva 95/46/CE y en el Reglamento General de protección de Datos de la UE.
Gestación subrogada en México: su proyección en las relaciones privadas internacionales
Authors: Cantoral Domínguez Karla
Published: November 2019

En México desde el año 1997 se practica la gestación subrogada como técnica de reproducción asistida, sin embargo la falta de técnica legislativa ha generado diversas problemáticas en el contexto nacional e internacional. El objetivo del presente artículo consiste en analizar la evolución que han tenido los casos de gestación subrogada en el sureste de México desde 1997 hasta 2019 para valorar sus implicaciones jurídicas en las relaciones privadas internacionales, tomando en consideración el interés superior del menor, el derecho de familia, los derechos reproductivos y el orden público internacional. Se propone que la gestación subrogada sea amparada por el derecho, tomando en cuenta los nuevos paradigmas en el derecho de familia y los derechos reproductivos, que garanticen en las relaciones privadas internacionales la protección al interés superior del menor así como la igualdad y no discriminación en cuanto a la nacionalidad de los padres.
¿Cómo podemos identificar un “matrimonio de conveniencia” en España?
Authors: Ortega Giménez Alfonso , Castellanos Cabezuelo Ángela María
Published: November 2019

Un fenómeno muy común en los países sometidos a fuerte inmigración y que comienza a tener bastante importancia en España, –que ha pasado de ser un país de emigración al extranjero, a ser un país receptor de ciudadanos que llegan de otros países para vivir aquí–, es el problema de los denominados “matrimonios de conveniencia”. 
El verdadero objetivo de estos “matrimonios” es obtener determinados “beneficios” en materia de nacionalidad y extranjería (=adquisición veloz y privilegiada de la nacionalidad española, obtención de un permiso de residencia en España, reagrupamiento familiar, etc.). Por lo tanto, son una forma de fraude a las normas de Extranjería y Nacionalidad.
Este trabajo busca resaltar algunos indicios relevantes que nos permiten identificar un posible matrimonio de conveniencia sobre la base de la doctrina registral y las directrices de la Unión Europea.
Influence of Core Swirling Motion on Aerodynamic Performances of Lobed Exhaust Nozzle
Authors: Ding Yulin , Liu Youhong , Du Liwei
Published: November 2019

Influence of core flow inlet swirl angle on aerodynamic performances of an exhaust nozzle with scarfed lobed mixer was studied by the validated computational approach. The computational simulation was conducted by resolving the steady form of discretized three-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the shear stress transport k-Ω turbulence model. Simulation results depict that swirling motions have ignorable influence on the flow field of the top part in the cross sections slightly downstream of the lobed trailing edge. Besides, for the flow field downstream of the L/D=0.1 cross section, the swirling motions are suggested to cause the clockwise stream-wise vortex to stretch into several smaller-scale vortexes. When the case with a bigger swirling angle is investigated, the induced smaller-scale vortexes are more strengthened by the swirling motions. Concerning the 15° swirling case, the loss caused by the destroyed vortex pattern and the benefit induced by the improved smaller-scale vortexes almost counteract with each other with respect to the thermal mixing efficiency. In the last studied cross section as compared with the baseline case, the case with a maximum swirling angle of 30° has increased 6.94% for the thermal mixing efficiency and decreased 0.42% for the total pressure recovery coefficient.
Improved Two-Stage Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Wasonga Fidel , Olwal Thomas O. , Abu-Mahfouz Adnan ,   Tshwane University of Technology Building 6-308, Pretoria, South Africa,   Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Meiring Naudé Road, Brummeria, Pretoria 0184, South Africa
Published: November 2019

Cognitive radio employs an opportunistic spectrum access approach to ensure efficient utilization of the available spectrum by secondary users (SUs). To allow SUs to access the spectrum opportunistically, the spectrum sensing process must be fast and accurate to avoid possible interference with the primary users. Previously, two-stage spectrum sensing methods were proposed that consider the sensing time and sensing accuracy parameters independently at the cost of a non-optimal spectrum sensing performance. To resolve this non-optimality issue, we consider both parameters in the design of our spectrum sensing scheme. In our scheme, we first derive optimal thresholds using an optimization equation with an objective function of maximizing the probability of detection, subject to the minimal probability of error. We then minimize the average spectrum sensing time using signal-to-noise ratio estimation. Our simulation results show that the proposed improved two-stage spectrum sensing (ITSS) scheme provides a 4%, 7%, and 6% better probability of detection accuracy rate than two-stage combinations of energy detection (ED) and maximum eigenvalue detection, energy detection and cyclostationary feature detection (CFD), and ED and combination of maximum-minimum eigenvalue (CMME) detection, respectively. The ITSS is superior also to single-stage ED by 19% and shows an improved average spectrum sensing time.
PERBANDINGAN UJI TETRAZOLIUM DAN RADICLE EMERGENCE DALAM MENDUGA VIABILITAS BENIH KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica L.) / The Comparison of Tetrazolium and Radicle Emergence Test to Estimate the Viability of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Seeds
Authors: Pramana Septyan Adi , Pujiasmanto Bambang , Sakya Amalia Tetrani
Published: November 2019

Development of seed testing methods needs to be conducted in order to obtain fast, precise and applicable result in the field. The objective of this study was to compare the two rapid test methods of Arabica coffee seed viability, the tetrazolium and radicle emergence tests. The experiment was conducted at Quality Seed Testing Laboratory, Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan Surabaya from beginning of January until March 2018. Three lots of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica var. Sigarar Utang) (Lot A = harvest in 1st week of August, 2017; Lot B = 3rd week of August, 2017; and Lot C = 1st week of September, 2017) were obtained  from Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember. The experiments used completely randomized design with four replications. The result showed that the viability test using TZ was faster (4 days) than using RE (14 days). Regression equation models for estimating seed viability are less precise, while the estimation method of paired sample t-test was sufficient to predict the actual value of the seed viability. Redicle emergence is longer than tetrazolium which is for 14 days. The regression equation model of the radicle emergence is  sufficient to predict the seed physiological quality parameter.

Keywords: viability, tetrazolium, radicle emergence, coffee seed

 

Abstrak

Pengembangan metodologi uji benih untuk memperoleh hasil yang cepat, tepat dan aplikatif di lapangan.  Tujuan penelitian adalah membandingkan dua metode pengujian viabilitias benih kopi Arabika, yaitu uji tetrazolium dan radicle emergence (kemunculan radikula). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian Mutu Benih, Balai Besar Perbenihan dan Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan Surabaya, mulai bulan Januari sampai Maret 2018. Tiga lot benih kopi Arabika varietas Sigarar Utang (Lot A : panen minggu I bulan Agustus 2017, Lot B : minggu III bulan Agustus 2017, Lot C : minggu I bulan September 2017) diperoleh dari Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor (lot benih) dengan empat kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengujian viabilitas kopi dengan metode TZ lebih cepat (4 hari) dibandingkan dengan metode kemunculan radikula (14 hari). Penggunaan model regresi untuk menduga viabilitas biji kurang tepat, sementara penggunaan t-test berpasangan sangat tepat untuk menduga nilai yang sebenarnya dari viabilitas biji. Oleh karena itu, metode pendugaan mutu benih kopi Arabika berdasarkan kemunculan radikula lebih tepat untuk digunakan di lapangan.

Kata kunci: viabilitas, tetrazolium, kemunculan radikula, benih kopi
Modelling the effect of subcellular mutations on the migration of cells in the colorectal crypt
Authors: Romijn Lotte B , Almet Axel A , Tan Chin Wee , Osborne James
Published: November 2019

Background: Many cancers arise from mutations in cells within epithelial tissues. Mutations manifesting at the subcellular level influence the structure and function of the tissue resulting in cancer. Previous work has proposed how cell level properties can lead to mutant cell invasion, but has not incorporated detailed subcellular modelling
Results: We present a framework that allows the straightforward integration and simulation of SBML representations of subcellular dynamics within multiscale models of epithelial tissues. This allows us to investigate the effect of mutations in subcellular pathways on the migration of cells within the colorectal crypt. Using multiple models we find that mutations in APC, a key component in the Wnt signalling pathway, can bias neutral drift and can also cause downward invasion of mutant cells in the crypt.
Conclusions: Our framework allows us to investigate how subcellular mutations, i.e. knockouts and knockdowns, affect cell-level properties and the resultant migration of cells within epithelial tissues. In the context of the colorectal crypt, we see that mutations in APC can lead directly to mutant cell invasion.
Comparison of standard and over-the-head method of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation - a simulation study
Authors: Ćwiertnia Michał , Kawecki Marek , Ilczak Tomasz , Mikulska Monika , Dutka Mieczysław , Bobiński Rafał
Published: November 2019

Background: Maintaining highly effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can be particularly difficult when artificial ventilation using a bag-valve-mask device, combined with chest compression have to be carried out by one person. The aim of the study is to compare the quality of CPR conducted by one paramedic using chest compression from the patient’s side with compression conducted from the ‘over-the-head’ position.
Methods: The subject of the study were two methods of CPR – ‘standard’ (STD) and ‘over-the-head’ (OTH). The STD method consisted of cycles of 30 chest compressions from the patient’s side, and two attempts at artificial ventilation after moving round to behind the patient’s head. In the OTH method, both compressions and ventilations were conducted from behind the patient’s head.
Results: Both CPR methods were conducted by 38 paramedics working in medical response teams. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data collected, giving the following results: the average time of the interruptions between compression cycles (STD 9.184 s, OTH 7.316 s, p < 0.001); the depth of compression 50–60 mm (STD 50.65%, OTH 60.22%, p < 0.001); the rate of compression 100–120/min. (STD 46.39%, OTH 53.78%, p < 0.001); complete chest wall recoil (STD 84.54%, OTH 91.46%, p < 0.001); correct hand position (STD 99.32%, OTH method 99.66%, p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was demonstrated in the results to the benefit of the OTH method in the above parameters. The remaining parameters showed no significant differences in comparison to reference values.
Conclusions: The higher quality of CPR in the simulated research using the OTH method by a single person justifies the use of this method in a wider range of emergency interventions.
Acute pain assessment and management in the prehospital setting, in the Western Cape, South Africa: A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey
Authors: Lourens Andrit , Hodkinson Peter , Parker Romy
Published: November 2019

Background: Acute pain is frequently encountered in the prehospital setting, and therefore, is known to be a fundamental aspect of quality emergency care. Research has shown a positive association between pain management practices and health care providers’ knowledge of, and attitudes towards pain. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of emergency care providers in relation to acute pain assessment and management in the prehospital setting, in the Western Cape, South Africa. The specific objectives were to, identify gaps in pain knowledge; assess attitudes regarding pain assessment and management, describe pain assessment and management behaviours and practices and identify barriers to and enablers of pain care.
Methods: A web-based descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among emergency care providers of all qualifications, using a face-validated Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Pain survey.
Results: The mean age of respondents (n=100), was 34.74 (SD 8.13) years and the mean years’ experience 10.02 (SD 6.47). Most respondents were male (69%), employed in the public/government sector (93%) as operational emergency care providers (85%) with 54% of respondents having attended medical education on pain assessment and management in the last two years.
The overall mean percentage for knowledge and attitudes regarding pain among emergency care providers was 58.01% (SD 15.66) with gaps identified in various aspects of pain and pain care. Practitioners with a higher qualification, more years’ experience and those who did not attend medical education on pain, achieved higher overall scores. Alcohol and drug use by patients were the most commonly selected barrier to pain care while the availability of higher qualified practitioners was the most frequently selected enabler. Practitioners did not assign pain scores as self-reported by patients while overall, limited pain relief was provided.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that there is suboptimal knowledge and attitudes regarding pain among most emergency care providers. Further, gaps in pain knowledge, attitudes and practices were identified and can be addressed in undergraduate curricula and through tailored educational initiatives for qualified practitioners Some barriers and enablers of pain care in the South African prehospital setting were identified but further research is indicated to explore.
Association of Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Adverse Childhood Experience with adult psychiatric morbidity. Findings from a British birth cohort
Authors: Hassiotis Angela , Brown Emma , Harris James , Helm David , Munir Kerim , Salvador-Carulla Luis , Bertelli Marco , Baghdadli Amaria , Wieland Jannelien , Novell-Alsina Ramon , Cid Jordi , Vergés Laura , Martínez-Leal Rafael , Mutluer Tuba , Ismayilov Fuad , Emerson Eric
Published: November 2019

Background : To examine whether Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) and Adverse Childhood Experiences independently predict adult psychiatric morbidity.
Methods : We performed a secondary analysis of longitudinal data derived from the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study to examine whether BIF and Adverse Childhood Experiences independently predict adult mental distress as measured by the Malaise Inventory. Factor analysis was used to derive a proxy measure of IQ from cognitive testing at age 10 or 5. Variables that could be indicators of exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences were identified and grouped into health related and socio-economic related adversity.
Results : Children with BIF were significantly more likely than their peers to have been exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences (BIF mean 5.90, non-BIF mean 3.19; Mann-Whitney z=31.74, p<0.001). As adults, participants with BIF were significantly more likely to score above the cut-off on the Malaise Inventory. We found statistically significant relationships between the number of socio-economic Adverse Childhood Experiences and poorer adult psychiatric morbidity (r range 0.104-0.141, all p<001). At all ages the indirect mediating effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences were significantly related to adult psychiatric morbidity.
Conclusions : The relationship between BIF and adult psychiatric morbidity appears to be partially mediated by exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences. Where possible, targeting Adverse Childhood Experiences through early detection, prevention and interventions may improve psychiatric morbidity in this population group.
Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study
Authors: Shine Sisay , Muhamud Sindew , Adnew Solomon , Demelash Alebachew , Abate Makda
Published: November 2019

Background: Diarrhea is responsible for 525, 000 under-five children deaths and 1.7 billion cases in the world and the second leading cause of death among under-five children every year. It is the major public health problem in low income countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea and associated risk factors among children under-five in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted in 420 parent or caretaker/children pairs in Debre Behan town between 13-18 April 2018. A Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaires. Data were entered in Epi-info computer software version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS Window Version-16 for analysis. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the level of significance.
Results: The two-week prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five was 16.4% (69/351). Children aged 7-11 months (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 4.2, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.2 - 15.3), being the second-born children (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8-8.5), not vaccinated against rotavirus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 - 91.3), feeding children by hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of diarrhea.
Conclusions: This study revealed that the two weeks period prevalence of diarrhea among children under-five years was 16.4%. Education programs on the importance of vaccination against rotavirus, increasing breast feeding frequency with complementary food after six months and the critical point of hand washing are recommended.