bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IgA Vasculitis in Middle Aged Man Followed by Influenza Virus Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Iqbal Aqsa , Stahl Nicole , Davis Erin M
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (formerly known as Henoch Schonlein Purpura) is the most common pediatric vasculitis, which occurs typically at the age of 3-15 years. Mononucleosis, group A Streptococcus, Campylobacter and Mycoplasma are some of the common infectious causes of immunoglobulin A vasculitis. Immunoglobulin A vasculitis is a clinically diagnosed disease. Most common clinical features include nonthrombocytopenic nonpruritic palpable purpura, gastrointestinal involvement, arthritis or arthralgia and renal involvement. Biopsy of skin and/or gastrointestinal lesions con rm the diagnosis, although this is not necessary. Immunoglobulin A vasculitis is a self-limiting disease, which resolves spontaneously. Steroids can be used for the treatment of moderate to severe disease and for the prevention of renal complications. Prognosis relies upon various factors among which involvement of kidneys dictates poor prognosis and requires close follow up. Case Presentation: We are presenting a case of immunoglobulin A vasculitis in a 39-year-old German male following in uenza virus infection. The infectious agent that cause immunoglobulin A vasculitis in our patient was In uenza A virus. Biopsy of the skin lesion con rmed the diagnosis of immunoglobulin A vasculitis in our patient. The patient responded to steroids and his skin and GI ndings resolved. Conclusion: Our case report adds to the literature of medicine by describing in uenza virus as a cause of immunoglobulin A vasculitis in young adult patients. Considering immunoglobulin A vasculitis after in uenza and outside of the typical age of 3-15 years, can help to make earlier diagnosis and prevent complications.
Ortogonalitas di Ruang Bernorm
Authors: Nursupiamin Nursupiamin
Published: October 2018

Ortogonalitas merupakan salah satu konsep yang penting di ruang hasil kali dalam. Sementara itu, ortogonalitas di ruang bernorm belum dikenal secara umum. Akan tetapi, ada beberapa tipe ortogonalitas di ruang bernorm yang telah dikembangkan, yaitu ortogonalitas-BJ, -I, dan P. Demikian halnya di ruang bernorm-2 terdapat konsep ortogonalitas-D. Pada makalah ini, dipaparkan secara singkat sifat-sifat dasar dari keempat ortogonalitas tersebut yang meliputi sifat nondegenerasi, simetri, homogen, aditif kanan, resolvabilitas, dan kontinuitas. Keekivalenan antara keempat ortogonalitas ini dengan ortogonalitas biasa di ruang hasil kali dalam juga dipaparkan dalam akhir makalah ini.
Perbandingan Metode Regresi Biasa Dengan Geographically Weighted Regression Dalam Memodelkan Data Columbus di Software R 2.6.1
Authors: Lestari Alia
Published: October 2018

Metode regresi merupakan metode statistik yang paling umum digunakan. Metode regresi yaitu metode yang menghubungkan variabel respon dengan variabel bebas dengan hasil keluaran (output) utamanya adalah estimasi dari parameter yang membentuk suatu model tertentu. Metode regresi merupakan metode yang memodelkan hubungan antara variabel respon (y) dan variabel bebas (x1, x2, ... , xp). Model regresi linier secara umum dinyatakan dengan . Tulisan ini akan melihat perbandingan metode regresi biasa dengan metode GWR dalam memodelkan data Columbus di Software R 2.6.1 tentang pengaruh income dan housing terhadap crime.
Cara-Cara Belajar Yang Berhasil Untuk Siswa SMA Dan SMK
Authors: Bunga Andi
Published: October 2018

Berbicara tentang belajar,maka pemikiran tertuju pada pengalaman sehari-hari yang menyangkut belajar dengan berhasil,lancar dan tidak banyak mengalami hambatan.Suatu bahan pelajaran yang cepat dimengerti dan tersimpan dengan baik dalam ingatan sehingga dapat diingat kembali dengan mudah pada saat dibutuhkan dan dikehendaki,dengan kata lain bila mendapat rangsangan,bahan yang demikian dengan cepat dan tepat diproduksi dari ingatan. Landasan utama bagi pembentukan cara belajar yang baik pada setiap siswa ialah memiliki sikap mental tertentu. Suatu sikap yang ditumbuhkan dan dipelihara dengan sebaik-baiknya akan membuat seorang siswa mempunyai senjata berupa kesediaan mental. Tanpa kesediaan mental, para siswa pada umumnya takkan dapat bertahan pada pelbagai kesukaran dan jerih payah disekolah. Sikap mental yang perlu diusahakan oleh setiap siswa sekurangkurangnya meliputi empat segi yakni : tujuan belajar, minat terhadap pelajaran, kepercayaan pada diri sendiri, dan keuletan.
Hakikat Pendidikan Matematika
Authors: Rahmah Nur
Published: October 2018

Matematika merupakan salah satu bidang studi yang dijarkan di Sekolah. Baik Sekolah dasar, Sekolah Mengengah Pertama dan Sekolah Menengah Umum. Seorang guru yang akan mengajarkan matematika kepada siswanya, hendaklah mengetahui dan memahami objek yang akan diajarkannya, yaitu matematika. Matematika yang diajarkan di jenjang persekolahan yaitu Sekolah Dasar, Sekolah Menengah Pertama dan Sekolah Menengah Umum disebut Matematika Sekolah. Sering juga dikatakan bahwa Matematika Sekolah adalah unsur-unsur atau bagian-bagian dari Matematika yang dipilih berdasarkan atau berorientasi pada kepentingan kependidikan dan perkembangan IPTEK. Matematika manakah yang dipilih? Matematika yang dipilih adalah matematika yang dapat menata nalar, membentuk kepribadian, menanamkan nilai-nilai, memecahkan masalah, dan melakukan tugas tertentu.
Karakterisik Dan Ruang Lingkup Pembelajaran Matematika Di Sekolah
Authors: Nasaruddin Nasaruddin
Published: October 2018

Tulisan ini membahas  tentang  karakteristik  mengenai pembelajaran matematika di sekolah, ruang lingkup materi pembelajaran matematika di sekolah, serta berbagai contoh-contoh pembelajaran matematika  dari berbagai  sumber. Dengan memahai karakteristik matematika sekolah  sehingga diharapkan para  pembaca (guru atau calon guru)  dapat  berkreasi dalam mengembangkan  pembelajaran matematika  yang lebih menarik .
Distribusi Jumlah Penduduk Kota Palopo (Suatu Analisis Tentang Pengaruh Distribusi Jumlah Sekolah Dan Jarak Tempuh Ibukota Kecamatan Dari Ibukota Palopo)
Authors: Aswad A Muhammad Hajarul
Published: October 2018

Palopo adalah salah satu daerah yang sedang berkembang. Sejak tahun 2006, wilayah administratif Kota Palopo terbagi menjadi 9 kecamatan dengan ibukota Palopo adalah Palopo yang terletak di kecamatan Wara. Distribusi jumlah penduduk di wilayah administratif Kota Palopo merupakan hal yang menarik untuk diamati. Terlebih jika dikaitkan dengan distribusi jumlah sekolah di masing-masing kecamatan dan jarak ibukota kecamatan terhadap ibukota Palopo. Data yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah data sekunder tahun 2012. Dari analisis data terlihat bahwa (1). Distibusi jumlah sekolah dan jarak ibukota kecamatan dari ibukota Palopo secara bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh terhadap distribusi jumlah penduduk Kota Palopo, dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 77,3%, sementara sisanya 22,7% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain; (2). Distribusi jumlah sekolah memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap distribusi jumlah penduduk di wilayah administratif Kota Palopo. Semakin banyak jumlah sekolah di suatu wilayah kecamatan di Kota Palopo mengindikasikan semakin besar pula jumlah penduduk yang mendiami wilayah tersebut. Sementara jarak tempuh ibukota kecamatan dari ibukota Palopo tidak cukup berpengaruh terhadap distribusi jumlah penduduk di wilayah administratif Kota Palopo. Kecamatan yang jaraknya cukup jauh dari Ibukota Palopo tidak sepenuhnya memiliki jumlah penduduk yang kecil dibandingkan dengan kecamatan yang berada di sekitar ibukota Palopo.
Problem Possing Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Abra Andi Ika Prasasti
Published: October 2018

Di Indonesia, nilai matematika berdasarkan hasil tes Trends in international Mathematics and science studi (TIMSS) 2003 yang dikoordinir oleh The international for Evaluation of Education Achievement (IEA) menempatkan mahasiswa Indonesia di peringkat 34 penguasaan matematika dan peringkat 36 penguasaan sains. Dibandingkan dengan dua Negara tetangga, Singapura dan Malaysia, posisi ini jauh tertinggal. Singapura berada pada peringkat, pertama, baik matematika maupun Sains, Malaysia peringkat 10 Matematika dan peringkat 23 bidang sains (Balitbang Depdiknas, 2004). Menurut hasil studi yang dilakukan oleh Suryanto dan Soemerset terhadap 16 SLTP pada beberapa propinsi di Indonesia juga menemukan bahwa hasil tes mata pelajaran matematika mahasiswa sangat rendah, utamanya pada soal cerita matematika. Problem Posing merupakan salah satu pendekatan pembelajaran non-konvensional yang dalam proses kegiatannya membangun struktur kognitif mahasiswa. Proses ini dilakukan mahasiswa dengan cara mengaitkan skemata yang dimilikinya. Bahkan beberapa hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran, bahwa problem posing merupakan salah satu bentuk kegiatan dalam pembelajaran matematika yang dapat mengaktifkan mahasiswa, mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah, dan menimbulkan sikap positif terhadap matematika
Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pemesanan Barang Cetakan Pada Retro Advertising Palopo Berbasis Online
Authors: Sulistiani Ino
Published: October 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Merancanng website pada retro Advertising Palopo. Serta menginplementasikan web pemesanan barang cetakan Advertising Palopo. Sistem pemesanan barang online ini dibangun dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak yakni PHP sebagai bahasa scrip dan MSQL untuk pembuatan basisdata ( database). Sistem pemesanan barang secara online ini adalah solusi bagi konsumen Retro Advertising Palopo dalam memberikan layanan kepada pelanggan melalui dunia maya. Dengan adanya sistem pemesanan barang secara online ini memudahkan bagi pelanggan untuk memesan barang secara langsung melalui internet. Pelanggan yang jauh jaraknya dari retro advertising Palopo dapat dengan mudah memesan barang melalui internet.
Pengembangan Kajian Angka 19
Authors: Nursupiamin Nursupiamin
Published: October 2018

Manusia diciptakan oleh Allah swt dengan memiliki akal dan pikiran. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar manusia berperan dalam menggali dan memanfaatkan segala bentuk ciptaan Allah swt sebagaimana yang telah dijelaskan di dalam Al-Quran. Dengan potensi yang dimilikinya tersebut, manusia dapat mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan sehingga dapat melakukan aktivitas studi dan penelitian yang seharusnya mampu memahami kebenaran Al-Quran. Bagi seorang muslim dalam melakukan interpretasi terhadap al-Quran merupakan hal dalam memahami pesan yang Allah swt berikan sebagai petunjuk dalam berjalan di muka bumi ini. Posisi manusia dengan segala kehebatannya hanya dapat memaknainya pada taraf relatif saja, sementara derajat kesempurnaan hanyalah merupakan rahasia Allah swt. Jika memandang matematika yang syarat dengan angka-angka, simbol-simbol dan rumus-rumus, maka dengan sendirinya siapapun dapat memandang matematika sebagai ilmu yang memerlukan kemampuan memanipulasi aturan-aturan dengan operasi yang sudah disepakati.
Sekuritas Sistem Dengan Kriptografi
Authors: Rosdiana Rosdiana
Published: October 2018

Dalam kriptografi terdapat dua konsep utama yakni enkripsi dan dekripsi. Enkripsi adalah proses dimana informasi/data yang hendak dikirim diubah menjadi bentuk yang hampir tidak dikenali sebagai informasi awalnya dengan menggunakan algoritma tertentu. Dekripsi adalah kebalikan dari enkripsi yaitu mengubah kembali bentuk tersamar tersebut menjadi informasi awal. Istilah kriptografi lebih dikenal dengan criptosystem, dimana suatu criptosistem terdiri dari sebuah algoritma dari seluruh kemungkinan plaintext, chippertext, dan kunci-kunci. Dalam kriptosystem RSA ada beberapa persyaratan yang hendaknya dipenuhi, yaitu plaintext di enkripsi ke dalam blok-blok dengan tiap-tiap blok bernilai biner kurang dari n adalah integer positip. Dengan demkian panjang maksimal tiap-tiap blok adalah kurang dari atau sama dengan log2(n).
Strategi Pembelajaran Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Geometri Bagi Mahasiswa yang Mengalami Problema Belajar di STAIN Palopo (Studi Tentang Aplikasi Teori Belajar Polya)
Authors: Rahmah Nur , Aswad A Muhammad Hajarul
Published: October 2018

Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana strategi pembelajaran pemecahan masalah Polya kaitannya dengan mahasiswa yang mengalami problema belajar, desain didaktis teori belajar Polya dalam pembelajaran geometri khususnya konsep luas segitiga dan segiempat, serta respon mahasiswa terhadap strategi pembelajaran yang diberikan. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitatif naturalistik. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa matematika semester II STAIN Palopo Tahun Akademik 2013-2014 yang mengalami problema belajar pada mata kuliah geometri yang tersebar ke dalam 3 kelas (A, B, dan C) berjumlah 18 orang.Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket, dan observasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis datanya menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah terkait dengan konsep luas segitiga dan segiempat pada dasarnya sudah bagus. Akan tetapi masih ada beberapa langkah yang belum sistematis. Pada saat observasi pertama dilakukan terlihat bahwa kemampuan mahasiswa dalam memahami masalah yang diberikan berbeda-beda berdasarkan kerangka kerja Polya. Selanjutnya pada tahap membuat rencana pemecahan masalah kemampuan mahasiswa juga berbeda berdasarkan tingkatan kerja dalam rencana pemecahan masalah yang diberikan. Pada pembelajaran berikutnya telah dikemukakan kepada mahasiswa bentuk kerangka kerja pemecahan masalah Polya sehingga ketika diberikan masalah terkait dengan konsep luas segitiga dan segiempat, kemampuan mahasiswa dalam memecahkan masalah berangsur-angsur lebih sistematis berdasarkan kerangka kerja yang telah diberikan. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk mengarahkan mahasiswa yang mengalami problema belajar bahwa memecahkan masalah harus dengan langkah-langkah yang sistematis.
Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis ICT Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Tingkat Kelulusan Ujian Nasional Siswa Pada Sekolah Menengah Di Kota Palopo (Studi Kasus Di 5 Sekolah Menengah Di Kota Palopo)
Authors: Rosdiana Rosdiana
Published: October 2018

Mastery of ICT in the professional work of faculty strongly supports the effectiveness and success in implementing tasks facultys ability to understand and apply ICT-based learning media is diverse, so the effect is given to student learning outcomes also vary. This study also aims to provide information to the perpetrators of the educators extent of influence the application of ICT-based learning media to encourage them to improve their skills and their professionalism as teachers in developing instructional media used. Media ICT-based learning affects the learning outcomes of students in a particular class of National Examination in three (3) years) this. From the description of the data we collect see the value of the average results of students of National Examination within three (3) years in five (5) secondary school located in the town of Palopo and the type of media used by teachers, it appears that there tend to be differences in test scores better for students whose teachers use ICT-based learning media compared to teachers who do not use ICT.
Pengaruh Kesadaran Metakognitif terhadap Motivasi Belajar dan Kaitannya dengan Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri di Kota Pare-Pare
Authors: Munir Nilam Permatasari
Published: October 2018

The study aims to analyze the descriprition of metacognitive awareness toward learning result of mathematics directly and indirectly through learning motivation of grade XI IPA student of public senior high school in Pareparecity. The study is an ex-post facto which casuality. The populations of the study were 520 grade XI IPA students of SMAN inParepare of academic years 2013/2014 with as many as 221 samples. Technique used in selecting the samples was proporsional random sampling. The instrument used for the study were (1) scale of metacognitive awareness, (2) scale of intrapersonal intelligence, (3) scale of learning motivation, (4) scale of attitude on mathematics and (5) test of mathematics learning outcomes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics analysis and SEM (Structural Equation Modelling) analysis. The results of the study indicate that (1) most of grade XI IPA students at SMAN in Parepare has metacognitive awareness with high category, learning motivation is in extremely high category, the learning result is in low category, (2) metacognitive awarenees directly give positif influence toward learning result of Mathematics and indirectly gives negative influence toward cognitive learning result of Mathematics through motivation learning.
Penerapan Pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMPN 18 Sigi pada Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel (SPLDV)
Authors: Hajerina Hajerina
Published: October 2018

This research is a classroom action research with the aim to improve student learning result of SMPN 18 Sigi toward SPLDV. An alternative action used to achieve that goal by applying Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) approach which is a learning that relate material to real life situation both in groups and individuals which concists 0f 7 components, namely : (1) Contructivisme, (2) Quistioning, (3) Inquiry, (4) learning community, (5) modelling, (6) reflection, (7) authentic assessment. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII E SMPN 18 Sigi. The design of this study using the model Kemis and Mc Taggart consisting of the planning, action, observasion, and reflection. Based on the results of research shows that the learning activities have been running well and have increased in every cycle. This can be seen from the percentage of classical learning mastery. In the final test of cycle I reached the average student scoe of 72.22 % and in the final test of cycle II increased to 83.33% in good qualification.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika melalui Penerapan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share pada Siswa Kelas VII B SMP Negeri 10 Ujung Loe Kabupaten Bulukumba
Authors: Nur Muhammad Awal
Published: October 2018

This research is a classroom action research that aims to know the improvement of mathematics learning outcomes through the application of Think-Pair-Share Cooperative Learning (TPS). The subjects of this study were students of Class VII B SMP Negeri 10 Ujung Loe Kab. Bulukumba in the odd semester of the academic year 2016/2017, with a total of 30 students, consisting of 15 men and 15 women. This classroom action procedure takes 2 cycles. Cycle I held 4 meetings and Cycle II held 4 meetings. Data collection is done by using learning result test and observation. The collected data were analyzed by using qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The result of this research showed that quantitative improvement of mathematics learning outcomes after the implementation of Think-Pair-Share (TPS) cooperative learning, in cycle I showed that the average of student's learning result was 39,50 from ideal score that might be reached 100, Standard deviation of 24.58 and is in the low category. There are 7 complete students (23,33%) and 23 students (76,67%), and in cycle II shows the average of student's learning result is 69,50 from ideal score that might be reached 100, standard Deviation of 24.99 and is in the high category. There are 21 complete students (70%) and 9 (30%) unfinished students. While qualitatively during the learning process takes place changes in student attitudes. This is marked by the increased activity and activity of students during the implementation of the teaching took place viewed from the observation sheet conducted during the study. From the analysis can be concluded that with the implementation of cooperative learning type Think-Pair-Share (TPS) there is an increase in the results of learning mathematics students of class VII B SMP Negeri 10 Ujung Loe Bulukumba
Penguatan Self Confidence dalam Pembelajaran Matematika melalui Metode Suggestopedia
Authors: Rustan Edhy , Bahru Muh Said
Published: October 2018

Abstract:Fundamental Problems in this research is how suggestopedia method implementation in developing self-confidence at study of VIII MTs class student mathematics One Roof Sampano. This Research is research of experiment, with VIIIa class student subject as experiment class and VIIIb class as control class which is each 30 people. The result of research uses post-test data in the form of enquette trust of the student, while for the analysis of its use descriptive analysis technique and inferential. The result of research indicates that (1) Good Method suggestopedia applied in the study of VIII MTs class mathematics One Roof Sampano. This Matter is shown with the result of student activity observation in each every meeting, that and enthusiasm and activity of student progressively mount during the study process. (2) After applying [of] Suggestopedia method result of trust [of] higher experiment class x'self from [at] control class. (3) Study by using this suggestopedia method been expressed is effective, this matter is shown with result of student activity observation, teacher activity, and enquette post-test result Abstrak:Permasalahan pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana implementasi metode suggestopedia dalam membangun self-confidence (kepercayaan diri) pada pembelajaran matematika siswa kelas VIII MTs Satu Atap Sampano. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen, dengan sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIIIa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIIIb sebagai kelas kontrol yang masing-masing bejumlah 30 orang. Hasil penelitian menggunakan data post-test berupa angket kepercayaan diri siswa, sedangkan untuk analisisnya menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Metode suggestopedia baik diterapkan dalam pembelajaran matematika kelas VIII MTs Satu Atap Sampano. Antusiasme dan keaktifan siswa semakin meningkat selama proses pembelajaran. (2) Setelah penerapan metode Suggestopedia hasil kepercayaan diri kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari pada kelas kontrol. (3) Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode suggestopedia ini telah dinyatakan efektif, hal ini berdasarkan observasi aktivitas siswa, aktivitas guru, dan hasil post-test angket kepercayaan diri telah mencapai kriteria yang telah ditentukan.
Separated instrument in endodontics: Frequency, treatment and prognosis
Authors: Vouzara Triantafyllia , el Chares , Lyroudia Kleoniki
Published: October 2018

Instrument separation during endodontic therapy is a frequent accident with rotary instruments being more likely to separate than manual ones. The treatment of cases with a separated instrument can be either conservative or surgical. A conservative approach involves the following treatment choices: a) bypass of the fragment, b) removal of the fragment, c) instrumentation and obturation coronally to the fragment. Concerning the removal of a separated instrument, a variety of techniques and systems have been developed. Ultrasonics, in combination with the operative microscope constitute the most effective and reliable tools for removing a separated endodontic instrument from a root canal. The likelihood of successful removal depends on: the level of separation (coronal, middle or apical third); location in relation to the root canal curvature; the type of separated instrument; its length; the degree of canal curvature and the tooth type. Several complications may occur during the management of a separated instrument: separation of the ultrasonic tip or file used for bypassing or removing the instrument; further separation of the fragment; perforation; ledge; extrusion of the file into periapical tissues; tooth weakening due to dentin removal, as well as excessive temperature rise in periodontal tissues. Prognosis for a tooth retaining a separated instrument depends on the presence of a periapical lesion, the microbial load of the root canal during the time of separation and the quality of the obturation.
Morphometric analysis of greater palatine canal via cone-beam computed tomography
Authors: Özdede Melih , Keriş Yıldızer , Altunkaynak Bülent , Peker İlkay
Published: October 2018

Background/Aim: The morphology of the greater palatine canal (GPC) should be determined preoperatively to prevent possible complications in surgical procedures required maxillary nerve block anesthesia and reduction of descending palatine artery bleeding. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the GPC morphology. Material and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, cone-beam computed tomography images obtained for various causes of 200 patients (females, 55%; males, 45%) age ranged between 18 and 86 (mean age ± standard deviation=47±13.6) were examined. The mean length, mean angles of the GPC and anatomic routes of the GPC were evaluated. Results: The mean length of the GPC was found to be 31.07 mm and 32.01 mm in sagittal and coronal sections, respectively. The mean angle of the GPC was measured as 156.16° and 169.23° in sagittal and coronal sections. The mean angle of the GPC with horizontal plane was measured as 113.76° in the sagittal sections and 92.94° in the coronal sections. The mean GPC length was longer in males than in females. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the most common pathway of the GPC was 'first inferior, and then anterior-inferior direction' in sagittal plane and 'first medial-inferior, then inferior direction' in coronal plane.
Acute pre-B lymphoblastic leukemia and congenital anomalies in a child with a de novo 22q11.1q11.22 duplication
Authors: Vaisvilas M , Dirse V , Aleksiuniene B , Tamuliene I , Cimbalistiene L , Utkus A , Rascon J
Published: October 2018

Microdeletions and microduplications are recurrent in the q11.2 region of chromosome 22. The 22q11.2 duplication syndrome is an extremely variable disorder with a phenotype ranging from severe intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, heart defects, and urogenital abnormalities to very mild symptoms. Both benign and malignant hematological entities are rare. A male patient was diagnosed with mild facial dysmorphia, congenital heart anomalies shortly after birth and acute bowel obstruction due to malrotation of the intestine at the age of 3 years. A whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array revealed a de novo 6.6 Mb duplication in the 22q11.1q11.22 chromosomal region. A year later, the patient was diagnosed with acute pre-B lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL). Five genes, CDC45, CLTCL1, DGCR2, GP1BB and SEPT5, in the 22q11.1q11.22 region are potentially responsible for cell cycle division. We hypothesized that dosage imbalance of genes implicated in the rearrangement could have disrupted the balance between cell growth and differentiation and played a role in the initiation of malignancy with a hyperdiploid leukemic clone, whereas over-expression of the TBX1 gene might have been responsible for congenital heart defects and mild facial dysmorphia.
Problems of unknown significance: Counseling in the era of next generation sequencing
Authors: Fahrioğlu U
Published: October 2018

Dear Editor

Next generation sequencing (NGS) has changed the way we approach the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of genetic disorders. It gave us base pair (bp) precision, multi-gene approach that can be executed in a timely and cost-effective manner. Despite some minor technical issues in NGS, it comes with great advantages. However, the clinical, and especially, genetic counseling profession will need to rise to the challenge to face some of the new issues, dilemmas and problems this new technology is bringing to the table. Some of the counseling guidelines predate the NGS era and will urgently need to be brought up to par with the technology.
Association of E-selectin S128R polymorphism with hereditary breast carcinoma susceptibility in Turkish patients without BRCA1/2 germline mutations
Authors: Yararbas K , Atalay PB
Published: October 2018

Inherited genetic factors play an important role in breast cancer susceptibility. The BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations are the most well-known genetic factors associated with increased risk of breast cancer. E-selectin is a cell surface glycoprotein and its serum levels are known to increase in various cancers. The present retrospective study aimed to evaluate whether E-selectin S128R polymorphism (NG_012124.1: g.7161A>C, NM_000450.2: c.445A>C, NP_000441.2: p.Ser149Arg), which is known to have a role in cancer risk, is associated with breast cancer susceptibility in BRCA 1/2 mutation non carriers with breast cancer. The study included 90 patients with breast cancer and 270 healthy controls. All breast cancer patients were screened for BRCA 1/2 mutations and confirmed to be BRCA 1/2 mutation non carriers before inclusion in the study. Genotyping for the E-selectin S128R polymorphism was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The frequencies of the AA, AC and CC genotypes were 70.0, 25.5 and 4.5%, respectively, in the patient group and 79.25, 19.25 and 1.5%, respectively, in the controls. The frequencies of A and C alleles were 84.8 and 15.2% in the patient group, respectively, and 88.9 and 11.1%, respectively, in the controls. No significant differences were determined in the genotype and allele frequencies of the E-selectin S128R polymorphism between the patient and control groups (p = 0.095). The S128R (A/C) polymorphism was not found to be associated with an increased risk of breast cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 0.69; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.43-1.10; p = 0.1248). There was no association between the S128R polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility in BRCA 1/2 mutation non carriers with breast cancer in the studied Turkish population. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate our findings.
Clinical variability in two Macedonian families with Arterial tortuosity syndrome
Authors: Kocova M , Kacarska R , Kuzevska-Maneva K , Prijic S , Lazareska M , Dordoni C , Ritelli M , Colombi M
Published: October 2018

Arterial tortuosity syndrome (ATS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the solute carrier family 2 member 10 (SLC2A10) gene encoding a glucose/ascorbic acid transporter. The clinical features of ATS are mild-to-severe tortuosity of the large and medium arteries throughout the body, accompanied by dysmorphisms and joint laxity. Vascular changes in different parts of the body lead to stenosis and/or aneurysms requiring difficult surgical procedures. Here we present two new patients with ATS from two unrelated families. Patient 1 presented at 10 years of age with headache and typical physical appearance, delicate skeleton, large visible pulsation of the carotid arteries in the neck, and joint laxity. On computed tomography (CT) angiography she had severe tortuosity of the aortal branches and cerebral arteries, but no significant tortuosity of the pulmonary arteries. Two cousins of the girl carried the same homozygous c.254T>C, p.(Leu85Pro) mutation in SLC2A10, however, they additionally had a severe involvement of the pulmonary vessels. Patient 2 was a 9-year-old girl diagnosed with severe tortuosity and stenosis of the pulmonary arteries and progressive myocardiopathy. Her physical appearance was very similar to Patient 1, except that she also had growth retardation. After long-term follow-up by cardiologists, she underwent cardiac surgery abroad, with an unfavorable outcome. Homozygosity for the c.685C>T, p.(Arg229*) mutation in the SLC2A10 gene was detected. Consanguinity was disclosed within both families. Our findings confirm the intrafamilial phenotype variability of ATS. A novel finding is the severe tortuosity of cerebral arteries causing migraine that has not been described before in a child with ATS.
Family history as an important factor for stratifying participants in genetic studies of major depression
Authors: Zalar B , Blatnik A , Maver A , Klemenc-Ketiš Z , Peterlin B
Published: October 2018

Depression is estimated to affect 350 million people worldwide. The World Mental Health Survey conducted in 17 countries found that, on average, about one in 20 people reported having an episode of depression in the previous year. Although depression has been shown to be moderately heritable by studies conducted in the past, the search for its so-called missing heritability has so far been unsuccessful. The difficulty in identifying common genetic variants predisposing to depression could be due to large sample sizes needed to detect small effects on genetic risk and the heterogeneous nature of major depressive disorder (MDD). The aim of our study was to determine whether there was a connection between a family history of depression in MDD patients and the presence of putative risk variants in the well-studied SLC6A4, COMT and PCLO genes. We analyzed 133 patients with MDD (30.0% with a positive family history for MDD and 70.0% sporadic cases) and compared them to 279 healthy controls. When comparing all the depressed patients to controls, no significant differences in genotype and allele distributions were detected. After stratifying patients according to their family history, the PCLO rs2522833 C allele was shown to be significantly less common in patients with a positive family history (p = 0.001), indicating a possible difference in the genetic structure of MDD between familial and sporadic cases and a less important role of the common genetic risk variants for the development of MDD in familial cases.
PPAR𝛾 gene and atherosclerosis: Genetic polymorphisms, epigenetics and therapeutic implications
Authors: Grbić E , Peterlin A , Kunej T , Petrovič D
Published: October 2018

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. It is characterized by the formation of a plaque in the walls of middle and large arteries leading to macrovascular complications. Several risk factors are included, with diabetes being one of the most important for the onset and development of atherosclerosis. Due to an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the world, the incidence of diabetic complications (microvascular and macrovascular) is increasing. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays a important role in atherosclerotic processes. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors, has a great presence in fat tissue, macrophages, and regulates gene expression and most of the processes that lead to the onset and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the basic patho-physiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, we discuss the impact of PPARγ polymorphisms, and the epigenetic mechanisms affecting the onset of atherosclerosis, i.e, DNA methylation and demethylation, histone acetylation and deacetylation, and RNA-based mechanisms. Moreover, we add therapeutic possibilities for acting on epigenetic mechanisms in order to prevent the onset and progression of atherosclerosis.
Detecting EGFR mutations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hammoudeh ZA , Antonova O , Staneva R , Nikolova D , Kyuchukov Y , Penev A , Mintchev T , Koleva V , Hadjidekova S , Toncheva D
Published: October 2018

Mutations in the receptor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are used as biomarkers for predicting the response of treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR TKIs). Non-small cell lung cancer patients usually have activating EGFR mutations that leads to a very good response when they are treated with EGFR TKIs. Our tumor samples were examined for the presence of sensitive mutations in the EGFR gene, resistant mutations or the absence of mutations. To identify the types of the mutation, we used a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Additionally, we evaluated the frequency of EGFR mutations and their association with smoking status, gender and histology. The tumor samples (n = 551) were tested for 29 somatic mutations in the EGFR gene. Sensitive mutations in the EGFR genes were found in 55 NSCLC samples (10.0%). The prevalence of EGFR mutations was much higher for females than for males (27.1 vs. 3.9%, p <0.001). The prevalence of EGFR mutations was greater in subjects who had never smoked than in smokers (15.0 vs. 6.08%, p <0.003). Additionally, the frequency of EGFR mutations was higher in adenocarcinomas than in other histological types (14.9 vs. 5.1%; p <0.001). Our results show that activating mutations on the EGFR gene are more frequent in females than in males, in adenocarcinoma than other histological types and in non smokers than smokers.
Accession to the European Union and Perception of External Actors in the Western Balkans
Authors: Jović Dejan
Published: October 2018

This paper focuses on perceptions of the European Union (EU) and external actors (such as the United States, Russia, and Turkey) in six countries of the Western Balkans (WB) and Croatia in a comparative perspective. We present data generated by public opinion polls and surveys in all countries of that region in order to illustrate growing trends of EU indifferentism in all predominately Slavic countries of the region. In addition, there is an open rejection of pro-EU policies by significant segments of public opinion in Serbia and in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia-Herzegovina. On the contrary, there is much enthusiasm and support for the West in general and the EU in particular in predominately non-Slavic countries, Kosovo and Albania. We argue that the WB as a region defined by alleged desire of all countries to join the the EU is more of an elite concept than that shared by the general population, which remains divided over the issue of EU membership. In explaining reasons for such a gap we emphasise a role of interpretation of the recent past, especially when it comes to a role the West played in the region during the 1990s.
Variability of Otolith Morphology and Morphometry in Eight Juvenile Fish Species in the Coastal Eastern Adriatic
Authors: Ferri Josipa , Bartulin Karmen , Škeljo Frane
Published: October 2018

Sagittae otoliths of eight juvenile species: Boops boops, Diplodus vulgaris, Diplodus puntazzo, Sarpa salpa (family Sparidae), Liza ramada, Liza aurata (family Mugilidae), Atherina boyeri, Atherina hepsetus (family Atherinidae) were analysed and compared using descriptive morphological characters and morphometric indices. The noticeable differences among the otoliths of the investigated species are in their overall shape, margins (i.e. irregular, sinuate or crenate) and anterior region. Otolith shape varied from elliptic to pentagonal in sparids, elliptic to rectangular in mugilids and elliptic in two atherinids. Aspect ratio (OW/OL), ratio of the sulcus length occupied by the cauda length (CL/SL) and ratio of the sulcus length occupied by the ostium length (OSL/SL) were calculated for all species. The otolith contour was described using wavelets. The Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates (CAP) gave an overview of the otolith shape differentiation between eight juveniles. Using the Wavelet coefficients, the first principal component (CAP1) explained 58.1% of the variation among species and the second principal component (CAP2) 25.2%.
Optimal Bus Stops’ Allocation: A School Bus Routing Problem with Respect to Terrain Elevation
Authors: Prah Klemen , Keshavarzsaleh Abolfazl , Kramberger Tomaž , Jereb Borut , Dragan Dejan
Published: October 2018

The paper addresses the optimal bus stops allocation in the Laško municipality. The goal is to achieve a cost reduction by proper re-designing of a mandatory pupils’ transportation to their schools. The proposed heuristic optimization algorithm relies on data clustering and Monte Carlo simulation. The number of bus stops should be minimal possible that still assure a maximal service area, while keeping the minimal walking distances children have to go from their homes to the nearest bus stop. The working mechanism of the proposed algorithm is explained. The latter is driven by three-dimensional GIS data to take into account as much realistic dynamic properties of terrain as possible. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an optimal solution with only 37 optimal bus stops covering 94.6 % of all treated pupils despite the diversity and wideness of municipality, as well as the problematic characteristics of terrains’ elevation. The calculated bus stops will represent important guidelines to their actual physical implementation.
Comparison of Lowest-Slot and Nearest-Stack Heuristics for Storage Assignment of Steel Bar Sets
Authors: Marolt Jakob , Lerher Tone
Published: October 2018

Our research objective is to lower intralogistics costs by minimizing the number of shuffling operations in a steel plant company commercial warehouse. The process of dispatching products consists of retrieving set of steel bar (SSB) from a floor stored stack or a special stacking frame by an overhead crane. To retrieve a targeted merchandise all SSB above targeted must be reshuffled. Proper assignment of storage locations is a key logistics problem for efficient order picking. We are comparing two heuristics, that do not require information of dispatching sequence of any stored products. We simulated the problem at hand with both methods. Our objective is to count the number of reshuffles using each heuristic on randomly generated examples and decide which is better in the long run. Our problem has similarities with storage assignment of steel plates or steel coils for minimization of reshuffling operations. The problem is also comparable to storage assignment of containers in a container yard. In our case we are dealing with a special stacking configuration of products, that demands different approach. We want to demonstrate which heuristic should be used in companies that lack necessary storage information infrastructure.
Analysing 21st century meteorological and hydrological drought events in Slovakia
Authors: Fendeková Miriam , Gauster Tobias , Labudová Lívia , Vrablíková Dana , Danáčová Zuzana , Fendek Marián , Pekárová Pavla
Published: October 2018

Several quite severe droughts occurred in Europe in the 21st century; three of them (2003, 2012 and 2015) hit also Slovakia. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) were used for assessment of meteorological drought occurrence. The research was established on discharge time series representing twelve river basins in Slovakia within the period 1981–2015. Sequent Peak Algorithm method based on fixed threshold, three parametric Weibull and generalized extreme values distribution GEV, factor and multiple regression analyses were employed to evaluate occurrence and parameters of hydrological drought in 2003, 2011–2012 and 2015, and the relationship among the water balance components. Results showed that drought parameters in evaluated river basins of Slovakia differed in respective years, most of the basins suffered more by 2003 and 2012 drought than by the 2015 one. Water balance components analysis for the entire period 1931–2016 showed that because of continuously increasing air temperature and balance evapotranspiration there is a decrease of runoff in the Slovak territory.
Comparison of two concepts for assessment of sediment transport in small agricultural catchments
Authors: Hlavčová Kamila , Kohnová Silvia , Velísková Yvetta , Studvová Zuzana , Sočuvka Valentin , Ivan Peter
Published: October 2018

The erosion, transport and deposition of sediments in small valley reservoirs represent a significant impact on their operations, mainly with regard to reducing the volume of their accumulation. The aim of this study is a comparison and uncertainty analysis of two modelling concepts for assessment of soil loss and sediment transport in a small agricultural catchment, with an emphasis on estimating the off-site effects of soil erosion resulted in sedimentation of a small water reservoir. The small water reservoir (polder) of Svacenicky Creek which was built in 2012, is a part of the flood protection measures in Turá Lúka and is located in the western part of Slovakia, close to the town of Myjava. The town of Myjava in recent years has been threatened by frequent floods, which have caused heavy material losses and significantly limited the quality of life of the local residents. To estimate the amount of soil loss and sediments transported from the basin, we applied two modelling concepts based on the USLE/SDR and WaTEM/SEDEM erosion models and validated the results with the actual bathymetry of the polder. The measurements were provided by a modern Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) hydrographic instrument. From the sediment data measured and the original geodetic survey of the terrain conducted at the time of the construction of the polder, we calculated changes in the storage volume of the polder during its four years of operation. The results show that in the given area, there has been a gradual clogging of the bottom of the polder caused by water erosion. We estimate that within the four years of the acceptance run, 10,494 m3 of bottom sediments on the Svacenicky Creek polder have accumulated. It therefore follows that repeated surveying of the sedimentation is very important for the management of the water reservoir.
An approximate method for 1-D simulation of pollution transport in streams with dead zones
Authors: Sokáč Marek , Velísková Yvetta , Gualtieri Carlo
Published: October 2018

Analytical solutions describing the 1D substance transport in streams have many limitations and factors, which determine their accuracy. One of the very important factors is the presence of the transient storage (dead zones), that deform the concentration distribution of the transported substance. For better adaptation to such real conditions, a simple 1D approximation method is presented in this paper. The proposed approximate method is based on the asymmetric probability distribution (Gumbel’s distribution) and was verified on three streams in southern Slovakia. Tracer experiments on these streams confirmed the presence of dead zones to various extents, depending mainly on the vegetation extent in each stream. Statistical evaluation confirms that the proposed method approximates the measured concentrations significantly better than methods based upon the Gaussian distribution. The results achieved by this novel method are also comparable with the solution of the 1D advection-diffusion equation (ADE), whereas the proposed method is faster and easier to apply and thus suitable for iterative (inverse) tasks.
Pedagogical Innovation of French-Language Teaching as a Tool for Educating Managers in the Context of Internationalization
Authors: Strelinger Jan , Kita Pavol , Kita Jaroslav , Mazalanova Veronika Kitova , Dano Ferdinand
Published: October 2018

Objective: Characterize pedagogical innovation in the context of internationalization of French-language education on the example of international study programme in French language - Sales management at the Faculty of Trade of the University of Economics in Bratislava and testing of its attractiveness from the perspective of the relationship between students and educational institution.

Methodology: Article deals with the analysis of the influence of internationalization of the university education within the study programme Management of sale, as well survey of the opinions of its graduates.

Findings: Pedagogical innovation is not only the tool of the educational policy but also creates conditions of the project European term and excellence in the development of Professional competences of the future managers.

Value Added: International study programme in French language overcomes cultural and disciplinary barriers and contributes to offsetting of the national and international differences.

Recommendations: Introducing of pedagogical innovations is the tool of new approaches, strategies, methods, as well as new content and new organization of education to guarantee employability of students on the home and international markets.