bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ylä-Tenon saamelaisten maiseman kielellinen ulottuvuus
Authors: Valtonen Taarna
Published: December 2020

Artikkeli käsittelee Utsjoen Ylä-Tenolla sijaitsevan kolmen kylän saamelaisten paikkoihin ja maisemaan liittyvää perinnettä sekä paikannimien ja paikkoihin liittyvän perinteen suhdetta 1900-luvulla. Analyysin teoreettisena kehyksenä on kognitiivinen kielen- ja kulttuurintutkimus. Tärkeimpänä tutkimusaineistona ovat ns. Talvadas-projektin suomen- ja pohjoissaamenkieliset äänitteet 1960- ja 1970-luvuilta sekä omat kokemukset ja kenttätyöt alueella vuodesta 1996 alkaen. Aineistoa tarkastellaan emic-näkökulmasta: paikallisia perinnetermejä käyttäen ja kertojien omia tulkintoja kunnioittaen. Artikkelista käy ilmi, että Ylä-Tenon saamelaisten paikkoihin liittyvä perinne on hyvin monimuotoista. Sille on tyypillistä voimakas side kunkin perheen suvun maihin sekä kerronnan perustuminen omakohtaisiin kokemuksiin, jota muitalus-genren yleisyys kuvaa. Paikannimet asettuvat paikkaperinteen rinnalla vähäisempään rooliin kuin arkikokemuksen perusteella voisi arvella: ne ovat vain yksi paikan merkitysverkoston osista muiden joukossa.
Effectiveness of Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis in Diabetes Patients Depending on the Severity of Diabetic Polyneuropathy
Authors: Zavoloka O , Bezditko P , Karliychuk М
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study was to identify the features of bacterial keratitis in patients with diabetes mellitus, depending on the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy in complex treatment with eye drops which contain alpha-lipoic acid, citicoline, cyanocobalamine and hyaluronic acid. Materials and methods. 15 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and bacterial keratitis were observed. Ophthalmological examination except of standard methods, included bacteriological examination, ﬂuorescein test, noncontact corneal esthesiometry. All patients were treated with instillations of the antibiotic oﬂoxacin, standard anti-inﬂammatory therapy, and instillations of eye drops Tioretin A and OMK 2 twice a day locally. Observations were made on the first, third, seventh, tenth, fourteenth, eighteenth and twenty-second days. Results and discussion. In all periods of observation, the severity of conjunctival hyperemia and corneal edema, as well as the size of corneal erosion at the stage of severe complications diabetic polyneuropathy exceeded the corresponding rates of patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic degree. Normalization of conjunctiva color, reepithelialization of the cornea and disappearance of corneal opacification in all patients with severe complications diabetic polyneuropathy occurred 4 days later than in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic degree. Conclusions. The course of bacterial keratitis depends on the severity of diabetic polyneuropathy: more pronounced violation of corneal innervation is marked at the stage of severe complications diabetic polyneuropathy, which manifested by decrease in its sensitivity, and led to the prolongation of the disease.
Diagnostic Possibilities of Interferometry in Detection and Monitoring of Dry Eye Disease Development
Authors: Hui Dong Fang , Bezkorovayna I , Pavlovska H
Published: December 2020

The work is dedicated to the features of the eye surface examination, and clinical and functional disruptions in the tear film in 112 (224 eyes) young people aged 18 to 30 years. Based on the analysis of the common objective methods results, such as determination of the Ocular Surface Disease Index, conducting the Shirmer II test, the LIPCOF test, the tear meniscus and tear film rupture time estimation, we have refined scientific data on indicators that characterize dry eye disease. Interferometric studies using the SBM ICP Tearscope (Italy) and iPad Pro (USA) showed a decrease in the thickness of the tear film lipid layer below 80 nm in 64% of the surveyed. The interferometry data well associated with known eye surface methods, demonstrating the highest level of sensitivity. The thinning of the lipid layer below 30 nm, detected in 33% of the subjects, was characteristic for the eyes with dry eye disease.
Temporary “liquid” Implant for Congenital Glaucoma (long-term results)
Authors: Bobrova N , Trofimova N
Published: December 2020

The aim of the work was to analyze the long-term results of using a temporary “liquid” implant in the surgery of congenital glaucoma in children. The basis of the developed method of filtrative antiglaucomatous surgery (Patent of Ukraine No. 45099 of 2009) – viscosinusotrabeculotomy – has been set the task of reducing the risk of developing intra- and postoperative complications, reducing the scarring rate and maintaining the newly created ways of the intraocular ﬂuid outﬂow, which in general will increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment of congenital glaucoma in children. 54 children (91 eyes) with simple congenital glaucoma at the age of 1 to 36 months were operated on average (8.7 ± 8.2) months. The persistent and long-lasting hypotensive effect achieved due to viscosinusotrabeculotomy in children with developed and far-advanced stages of congenital glaucoma stops the processes of stretching of the membranes of the eye and stabilizes their size, which in general allows preserving and visual functions improving, in infancy – creating conditions for their formation.
MATEMATİK BÖLÜMÜ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN TÜKENMİŞLİKLERİNİN KARİYER STRESLERİ BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ
Authors: PAMUK Mustafa , YUMAK Yunus
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’de iki devlet üniversitesinin fen fakültelerinin matematik bölümlerinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin tükenmişliklerini kariyer stresleri bağlamında incelemektir. Araştırmada gerekli izinler alındıktan sonra her iki üniversiteden toplamda 245 öğrenciye uygulama yapılmış ve veri toplamak amacıyla tükenmişlik envanteri-kısa versiyonu ve kariyer stresi ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analizinde öncelikle ölçekler için basıklık ve çarpıklık katsayıları ve Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Ardından verilerin analizinde Pearson korelasyon katsayısı ve aşamalı regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre matematik bölümü öğrencilerinin tükenmişliklerinin cinsiyet değişkenine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde bir farklılaşmanın olmadığı bulunmuştur. Diğer elde edilen bulguya göre matematik bölümü öğrencilerinin tükenmişliklerini kariyer stresinin alt boyutlarından olan iş bulma baskısı ve dışsal çatışma değişkenlerinin anlamlı bir şekilde yordadıkları bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular alanyazın kapsamında ele alınmış, tartışma yapılmış ve bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Hormonal regulation in women-veterans of reproductive age with concusions in history
Authors: V. V.  Kaminskyy  , L. V.  Suslikova  , A. V.  Serbenuyk  , K. V.  Pronoza-Stebliuk
Published: December 2020

The article presents data on the prevalence of hormonal disorders and the establishment of their relationship between the state of mental health and the functional state of body systems in women who participated in hostilities who suffered contusions.The objective: to establish the relationship between the indicators of hormonal homeostasis in women–participants of hostilities of reproductive age, who suffered injuries, and the state of their mental and physical health.Materials and methods. In the last few years, 55 women of reproductive health were excluded (the main group and the group of children), who took part in the fighting women and became aware of contusions, the middle age of the situation was 27.08±4.23. Term perebuvannya in the zone of fighting days 29.34±9.21 months, an hour from the moment of rejection of a light traumatic ear injury (contusion) 18.8±9.2 months. The control group received data from 65 civilian women of reproductive health (average age 32.21±7.32).In the main group, 20 women of reproductive age may have traces of contusion in patients with post-concussion syndrome (F7.02 for MKH-10) and 35 women of reproductive age in the group of children who do not have traces of contusion in patients with post-concussion syndrome.Results. Statistically significant deviations in the indicators of autonomic regulation, levels of gonadotropic and steroid hormones, as well as an integrated indicator of pathology in comparison with civilian women. It has been proven that women servicemen, participants in hostilities who have suffered contusions, acquire reproductive health disorders due to the impact of both traumatic brain injury and stress factors associated with military service.Conclusions. This justifies the feasibility of developing a program of medical and psychological support for women servicemen and appropriate medical and psychological rehabilitation of veterans, aimed at their full adaptation to peaceful life.
Construction of Polynomial Polytopes by Using Segment Lemma
Authors: SADAT Sayed Abdul Hannan , CAFER Vakıf , BÜYÜKKÖROĞLU Taner
Published: December 2020

A polynomial with all roots lying in the open left half plane of the complex plane is called Hurwitz stable. The convex hull of a finite number of polynomials of the same order is called a polynomial polytope. By the Edge theorem, a polynomial polytope with the invariant degree is Hurwitz stable if and only if all edges are Hurwitz stable. Due to the Edge Theorem, the segment stability criterions are of great importance. In this paper, we consider a construction of stable polytopes by using the Segment Lemma. It is constructed stable polytopes with nonzero volumes. The obtained results can be used, for example, in the stabilization problems of unstable transfer functions by lower-order controllers.
Consumer response to different advertising appeals: The role of brand value and the perceptual fit of an extended brand for high-involvement products
Authors: Juniarti Rosa Prafitri , Afiff Adi Zakaria
Published: December 2020

Brand extension is a topic that has been widely discussed by academics and practitioners in various studies. Unfortunately, there are only a few that address the role of product involvement, advertising appeals, and value dimensions in the extension acceptance as their main issue. Therefore, this study aims to mixed three controlling factors which are product involvement, advertising appeals, and brand value dimensions in determining how consumers respond to the parent brand and extended brand. This study was designed to test the possible interaction in a 2x2x2 full-factorial between advertising appeals (informational vs. emotional), brand extension perceived fit (high vs. low), and value dimension (symbolic vs. functional) for high involvement products. This study confirmed that there were significant differences in the main effects for both consumers' evaluation toward brand extension and the parent brand in the case of a symbolic brand and the high fit of extensions. Emotional appeals play important role in enhancing this degree because of the high level of its brand associations. As symbolic brand often referred as premium brand, the more positive the level of quality perception, the higher level of consumers' evaluation toward brand and brand loyalty will be. Thus, the more loyal consumer to the parent brand, the more positive evaluations of the extension will be.
Видовой состав кокцид (Hemiptera, Coccoidea), обнаруженных на плодах и корнеплодах в Сыктывкаре
Authors: Лукин А. В.
Published: December 2020

Представлена информация о выявлении 13 видов из семейства щитовки (Diaspididae) иодном виде ложнощитовок (Coccidae), обнаруженных при проведении лабораторных энтомологических исследований образцов плодов и корнеплодов, поступивших в г. Сыктывкар в период 2017–2019 гг. Для приведенных видов перечислены экономически значимые растения-хозяева (до рода). Обозначены особо опасные виды, имеющие карантинный статус на территории Российской Федерации.
Объемы стволовой фракции древостоев коренных еловых формаций черничной группы типов леса северной подзоны тайги европейской России
Authors: Стороженко В. Г.
Published: December 2020

Рассмотрены особенности распределения объемных показателей стволов деревьев в воз-растных структурах коренных девственных биогеоценозов в регионах северной подзоны тайги и показателей их пораженности грибами биотрофного комплекса. Проанализирована возрастная структура биогеоценозов северных регионов. Определены показатели поражения насаждений дереворазрушающими грибами биотрофного комплекса.
Accreditation of engineering degree programs as a tool for quality assurance. State-of-the-art and future developments
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI», Shaposhnikov S.O.
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the picture of the state-of-the-art in accreditation of engineering degree study programs both in Russia and globally. It also describes some possible future developments in this area.
Monitoring the implementation of professional development programs for personnel
Authors:   Samara State Technical University, Zhivaeva V. V. , Nikolaev V. A. ,   Samara State Technical University, Parfyonova S. N. ,   Samara State Technical University, Tuponosova E. P. ,   Samara State Technical University
Published: December 2020

The features and requirements for monitoring the implementation of professional development of personnel are considered. Based on the analysis of special and common causes of variability in the educational process, leading to inconsistencies in the development of educational programs, recommendations are given for the use of the test sample control and control maps of average values and scales to identify the action of special causes and bring the process to statistically controlled state. The proposed monitoring procedure can be used in the system additional education to ensure the quality of the implementation of training programs.
Identification of buyers ' activities for food selection in the context of quality
Authors:   K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Mitrofanova I.P. , Kamynina V.P. ,   K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University), Khaibullina M.M. ,   K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of technologies and management (the First Cossack University)
Published: December 2020

The article examines the types of activities of food buyers and considers the results of a survey of Internet users on the problem of the quality of purchased products in terms of its quality and safety. The types of buyers ' activities and the main criteria for choosing food products are revealed. The results obtained allow us to formulate a recommendation for consumers that contributes to changing the attitude of the food manufacturer to the creation of a food safety management system.
Individual tools for improving the automated warehouse management system
Authors:   Institute for Design-Technological Informatics RAS, Brykin V.A.
Published: December 2020

The key to developing and increasing the competitiveness of modern logistics companies is the use of an automated warehouse management information system. The implementation of this system allows several times to increase the productivity and return of the warehouse complex, both due to the rational use of warehouse space, and due to the effective organization of warehouse activities and optimization of business processes at each stage of the logistics cycle. Well-designed processes for developing regulations and standards for technological operations and business process modeling, as well as more advanced automatic calculation tools included in the system, are of great importance. An additional advantage of using WMS technologies is the minimization of paper processing and the ability to track warehouse processes in real time. The introduction of the WMS warehouse management system ensures the growth of the company's development due to a significant technological leap, reducing the impact of the human factor and improving the efficiency of using warehouse space. As a result, the entire warehouse logistics is being rationalized.
Investigation of discontinuous periodic signals using the measuring labview complex
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI», Solovyeva E.B. , Inshakov Yu.M. ,   Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical University «LETI»
Published: December 2020

General approaches to the analysis of the Gibbs phenomenon for discontinuous periodic signals approximated by the truncated Fourier series are considered. Methods for smoothing the truncated Fourier series and improving its convergence are discussed. The software means for modeling is a universal measuring complex LabVIEW, which possesses a convenient environment for analyzing electrical signals, on the basis of this complex a laboratory experiment is carried out. The advantages of the measuring LabVIEW complex and its capabilities for in-depth study of discontinuous periodic signals are noted.
Historical and demographic features of the formation of the marriage market of the Ukrainian population in the first half of the 19th century
Authors: Borodenko Olena
Published: December 2020

The article examines the problems of the marriage and market relation formation of the Ukrainian rural society on the example of the village of Nikolaevka in the Romny district in the Poltava province in the first half of the 19th century. For the first time, on the materials of church and parish documentation of the Ukrainian population registers of births, marriage searches and confessional signatures, the method for determining newlyweds' residence, developed by French scientists L. Henri and A. Blum, were tested, and the historical and demographic features of the marriage market were disclosed.
Turkey’s foreign policy in perspective: Some regional and national interests
Authors: Funda Gekkaya
Published: December 2020

The formation of external policy of any country aims at serving the state’s interests. For this matter, many countries seek their way through this by taking into account the potential prospects available to them. The fundamental subtleties and factors that influence a state’s choices of external policy include geographical location, history, security, culture, trade, political ideology, military might, et cetera. Countries often make external contacts based on some regulations and response to unfolding events. Thus, external policy to an extent pertains to the guiding principles outlined to be pursued through state values, decisions and actions taken by the states themselves and their attempt to develop, manage and control the external relations of national societies. In this regard, the Caucasian region has been an important factor in Turkey’s foreign policy. Since these states emerged in the early 1990s, energy has taken a center stage within the region, while Turkey remains a transit route to the world...
Conflicts in Biafra, Katanga and Cabinda as a result of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism
Authors: Dzhenchakova Olga
Published: December 2020

The article considers the impact of the colonial past of some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and its effect on their development during the post-colonial period. The negative consequences of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism are shown on the example of three countries: Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Angola, expressed in the emergence of conflicts in these countries based on ethno-cultural, religious and socio-economic contradictions. At the same time, the focus is made on the economic factor and the consequences of the consumer policy of the former metropolises pursuing their mercantile interests were mixed.
Historical periods and styles of the Turkish-Islamic miniature art
Authors: Nematzade Sabina
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the place and role of the Turkic-Islamic miniature art in the art history of humanity, its historical stages and styles. The publication provides information on the well-known Turkic-Islamic miniature schools that play an important role in the development of this art.
Migrations of Kirov residents to the Kaliningrad region in the post-war period (1946–1953)
Authors: Chernysheva Natalia , Chernyshev Konstantin
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the participation of Kirov residents in the settlement of the Kaliningrad region in the post-war period. Researchers consider the forms and scale of population migration. The reasons and factors contributing to the outflow of population from the Kirov region are determined. There is a high degree of intensity of migration relations between the Kirov and Kaliningrad regions in 1946-1953.
From local separatism to foreign intervention: Tripolitania under Yusuf Pasha (1795-1832)
Authors: Zherlitsina Natalya
Published: December 2020

Аbstract. The article examines the period of rule of Yusuf Pasha, Governor of Tripoli, a province of the Ottoman Empire. During the thirty-seven years of his rule, the Pasha seemed to have taken the right steps, consistent with his era and the state of the country, aimed at strengthening the sovereignty, centralizing power and strengthening the military potential of Tripoli. However, it was his rule that led to a crisis in the 1830s, culminating in the restoration of direct rule by the Ottoman Empire. The contradictory results of Yusuf Pasha’s rule are related both to the rivalry within the dynasty itself, which led to two stages of civil war, and to increased international intervention in the internal situation in Tripoli.
The Eurasian concept: transformation and new directions
Authors: Abaykhanova (Magayaeva) Patiya , Kunacheva Fatima , Rabadanova Albina
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the problems of Eurasianism as one of the key trends in Russian history, in which the ideas that are still relevant are considered. The article analyzes new directions of the Eurasian concept, which are covered by the term “neo-Eurasianism” in modern historical science.
Local history and the formation of science in North Ossetia in the 1920s
Authors: Tsorieva Inga
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the initial period of the organizational and institutional development of science in North Ossetia in the 1920s. A characteristic feature of the development of science was its close relationship with local lore, which, during the period under study, turned into the most important tool for organizing research, scientific and educational, cultural and educational work. By the end of the 1920s a wide interaction between local lore and science led to a qualitative change in the organization of scientific research, and provided a solid basis for the development of Ossetian studies as the multidisciplinary research area.
Forecasting of a boosted locomotive gas diesel engine parameters with one- and two-stage charging systems
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Russian Federation, Sinyavski Vladimir V. , Shatrov Mikhail G. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Russian Federation, Kremnev Vladislav V. ,   Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Russian Federation, Grigori Pronchenko ,   Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

Conversion of locomotive engines for operation on natural gas lowers considerably expenses for fuel and reduces exhaust emissions which makes it possible to omit large and expensive aftertreatment systems. The permanent need to raise the engine power requires a considerable increase of the boost pressure. This can be realized by using a high pressure turbocharger or a two-stage charging system. In the research, parameters of a high boosted D200 6-cylinder locomotive engine having D/S=200/280 mm are forecasted using a one-zone model developed in MADI. An analysis was carried out to explain why the 1st stage compressor of the two-stage charging system should be specially profiled to have its map tilted to the right. Calculations were performed for the gas diesel engine having a break mean effective pressure (BMEP) 2.7 MPa with one and two-stage charging systems. In both cases, close fuel efficiency was obtained, though for the two-stage charging system, the boost air pressure was higher. The engine with one turbocharger had no reserves for further power augmentation while the two-stage charging system enabled to increase the boost air pressure further. Therefore, parameters of the engine having a higher BMEP 3.2 MPa were calculated. In that case, not to exceed the peak combustion pressure, a retarded fuel injection was used which resulted in fuel efficiency drop by approximately 1.5%.
Um conjunto não mensurável
Authors: Lima Eduardo Dias
Published: December 2020

Uma das criações mais importantes da Análise do século passado foi a Integral de Lebesgue, que estendeu notavelmente a Integral de Riemann, resolveu num período de poucos anos os problemas fundamentais da Teoria da Integração e deu um impulso relevante à Análise Funcional, Teoria das Equações Diferenciais e Integrais e à Teoria da Probabilidade. O ponto básico dessa nova teoria foi a introdução da noção de medida. Medida, a grosso modo,é uma função cujo domínio é um conjunto de subconjuntos de R e cujo contradomínio é o conjunto dos números reais não negativos (unido com o símbolo +infinito). O comprimento de um intervalo, por exemplo, é uma medida, digamos L, definida sobre todos os intervalos da reta real, tal que L(I) = b−a, onde a e b são os extremosdo intervalo L e L(I) = + infinito se L for não limitado. Ora, amédia L está definida apenas para intervalos. Seria interessante estender esse conceito para outros subconjuntos da reta. Neste trabalho, será definida a medida exterior de um subconjunto de R e, com esta medida, será definida a noção de conjunto mensurável. Em seguida, a medida de Lebesgue é apresentada.
Influence Of The Paired Under-Passing Training Model On The Under-Passing Ability Of Volleyball Players
Authors: Asnaldi Arie
Published: December 2020

Purpose study to find out the influence of the lower pairing passing training model on the ability of passing under the bolavoli players of SMP Negeri 24 North Bengkulu.This type of research is a quasi experiment that aims to look at the influence of the lower paired passing exercise model on the ability of passing under the ballvoli. The population in this study was all bolavoli players as many as 21 people. Sampling was conducted with purposive sampling techniques that are men's players as many as 12 people. To get the research data used the ability to pass under bolavoli from the braddy wall volleyball test. Based on the results of the data analysis it is known that the model of the lower passing exercise in pairs exerts a meaningful influence on the ability of passing down the ballvoli. Where the test is obtained different mean (t test) of thitung 14,409 while ttabel is 2,201 with significant level ? = 0.05 and n = 12, then thitung > ttabel (14,409 > 2,201), so it can be concluded that there is a significant influence of the lower pairing passing training model on the lower passing ability of the bolavoli players.
Entrepreneurial Resilience and Performance of an Organization: A Survey of Small and Medium Enterprises in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: AISDL
Published: December 2020

Resilience is a vibrant process of adaptation which enables entrepreneurs to constantly direct a futuristic aspiration despite the volatile conditions of a market. The study examined entrepreneurial resilience on the performance of small and medium enterprises organization in Asaba, Delta State. The cross-sectional research survey research design method was employed. The study adopted the stratified random sampling technique. The sample size used was limited to 201 respondents. A structured questionnaire was the research instrument employed in the study. Descriptive statistics as well as multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the data collected. Findings showed overwhelmingly that resourcefulness, strategic diversity and pro-activeness has a substantial positive relationship with organizational performance. The study concluded that entrepreneurial resilience has a positive effect on organizational performance. The study result showed that resourcefulness has the highest affirmative effect on organizational performance. Thus, the study recommended that if enterprises understand the nature of the association amid the dimensions of entrepreneurial resilience, the failure rate of small and medium enterprises can be reduced.
Equação de Choquard: Existência de Solução de Energia Mínima
Authors: Lima Eduardo Dias
Published: December 2020

Neste trabalho, apresentamos um estudo sobre a existência de solução de energia mínima via método de Nehari para uma classe de problemas não locais envolvendo potenciais limitados ou ilimitados.
Dynamic shear instabilities in metallic sheets subjected to shear-compression loading
Authors: Rodriguez-Martinez Jose , Vaz-Romero Alvaro , N'souglo Komi Espoir , VADILLO GUADALUPE
Published: December 2020

This paper presents an investigation on the formation of adiabatic shear bands in metallic sheets subjected to dynamic shear-compression loading under plane-stress conditions. For that purpose, we have developed a theoretical model based on perturbation analysis, and have performed ?finite element calculations. The material behavior has been modeled with von Mises plasticity, and the evolution of the yield stress has been considered dependent on plastic strain, plastic strain rate, and temperature. The theoretical model extends the linear stability analysis for simple-shear formulated by Molinari (1997) to shear-compression loading. The numerical simulations have been performed in ABAQUS/Explicit (2016) using a unit-cell model based on the work ofRodriguez-Martinez et al. (2015) in which the shear band formation is favored introducing geometric and material imperfections. Moreover, we have developed a calibration procedure for the stability analysis that enables to make qualitative and quantitative comparisons with the ?finite element calculations. Both stability analysis predictions and finite element results display the same overall trends, and show that any small negative triaxiality has a profound stabilizing effect on the material behavior delaying, or even preventing, the formation of a shear band. This key outcome has been substantiated for a wide range of strain rates and for materials with different strain hardening coefficients, strain rate sensitivities, and thermal softening behaviors.
Mechanisms of Parental Stress During and After the COVID-19 Lockdown: A two-wave longitudinal study
Authors: Johnson Miriam S. , Skjerdingstad Nora , Ebrahimi Omid V. , Hoffart Asle , Johnson Sverre Urnes
Published: December 2020

Background: In the unpredictable times of the ongoing global coronavirus disease (COVID-19), parents worldwide are affected by stressors and strains that follow in the wake of the government-initiated distancing protocols.Objective: In a two‐wave longitudinal survey, we examined levels of parental perceived stress and symptoms of anxiety and depression among a sample of parents at two time points; in the midst of the strictest government-initiated physical distancing protocols following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (T1, N = 2868) and three months after the protocols discontinued (T2, n = 1489). Further, we investigated the levels of parental stress, anxiety, and depression relative to perceived relationship quality and anger aimed at child(ren) at the two time points, including subgroups based on age, sex, cultural background, civil status, education level, number of children in household, employment status, and pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis.Methods and findings:Parents were asked to fill out a set of validated questionnaires on the two measurement occasions. As expected, the findings indicate that the high levels of parental stress significantly decreased from T1 to T2, indicating that the cumulative stressors that parent’s experiences during distancing protocols declined as a function of the phaseout of the protocols. The decrease of perceived parental stress at the two time points, was accompanied by a significant decrease in symptoms of both depression and anxiety among the participating parents. Symptoms meeting the clinical cut-off for depression (23.0%) and generalized anxiety disorder (23.3%) were reported among participating parents at T1, compared to 16.8% and 13.8% respectively at T2. Reduction in depression and angry at child(ren) from T1 to T2 were further associated with a reduction in perceived parental stress. In addition, relationship quality and angry at child(ren) at T1 predicted change in parental stress. Conclusions: The findings underline some of the negative psychological impact of physical distancing protocols on parent’s health and well-being. Parents who are facing physical distancing and remaining at home with their children may be particularly vulnerable to parental stress, anxiety and depression. Uncovering the nature of how these constructs are associated to parents and families facing social crisis, such as the ongoing pandemic, can contribute to design relevant interventions to reduce parental stress and strengthen parental coping and resilience.Keywords: COVID-19 lockdown, parental stress, anxiety, depression, social distancing.
Updating long-held assumptions about fat stigma: For women, body shape plays a critical role
Authors: Krems Jaimie , Neuberg Steven L.
Published: December 2020

Heavier bodies—particularly female bodies—are stigmatized. Such fat stigma is pervasive, painful to experience, and may even facilitate weight gain, thereby perpetuating the obesity-stigma cycle. Leveraging research on functionally distinct forms of fat (deposited on different parts of the body), we propose that body shape plays an important but largely underappreciated role in fat stigma, above and beyond fat amount. Across three samples varying in participant ethnicity (White and Black Americans) and nation (U.S., India), patterns of fat stigma reveal that, as hypothesized, participants differently stigmatized equally-overweight or -obese female targets as a function of target shape, sometimes even more strongly stigmatizing targets with less rather than more body mass. Such findings suggest value in updating our understanding of fat stigma to include body shape and in querying a predominating, but often implicit, theoretical assumption that people simply view all fat as bad (and more fat as worse).
Cumulative Character of Working Time Features. Consequences on Delimiting Working Time From Rest Time
Authors: Anghel Răzvan
Published: December 2020

The article presents an analysis of the provisions of Directives 93/104/EC and 2003/88 and of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which supports the conclusion that the characteristic features of working time must be cumulatively met so that a time frame falls within this category. Next, the importance and consequences of this requirement are outlined regarding the process of delimiting working time from rest time.
Revealing Corruption: Firm and Worker Level Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Colonnelli Emanuele , Lagaras Spyridon , Ponticelli Jacopo , Prem Mounu , Tsoutsoura Margarita
Published: December 2020

We study how the disclosure of corrupt practices affects the growth of firms involved in illegal interactions with the government using randomized audits of public procurement in Brazil. On average, firms exposed by the anti-corruption program grow larger after the audits, despite experiencing a decrease in procurement contracts. We manually collect new data on the details of thousands of corruption cases, through which we uncover a large heterogeneity in our firm-level effects depending on the degree of involvement in corruption cases. Using investment-, loan-, and worker- level data, we show that the average exposed firms adapt to the loss of government contracts by changing their investment strategy. They increase capital investment and borrow more to finance such investment, while there is no change in their internal organization. We provide qualitative support to our results by conducting new face-to-face surveys with business owners of government-dependent firms.
Corruption and Firms
Authors: Colonnelli Emanuele , Prem Mounu
Published: December 2020

We estimate the causal real economic effects of a randomized anti-corruption crackdown on local governments in Brazil using rich micro-data on corruption and firms. After anti-corruption audits, municipalities experience an increase in the number of firms concentrated in sectors most dependent on government relationships. Through the estimation of geographic spillovers and additional tests, we show that audits operate via both a direct detection effect as well as through indirect deterrence channels. Politically connected firms suffer after the audits. Our estimates indicate the anti-corruption program generates significant local multipliers which are consistent with the presence of a large corruption tax on government-dependent firms.
Analysis of Cesarean Section at a Tertiary care centre in Eastern Nepal according to Robson's Ten Group classification System (TGCS): A hospital based cross sectional study.
Authors: Das Anamika , Agrawal Ajay , Bhandari Sangeeta , Rajbhandari Sanyukta , Rimal Surya Prasad
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Cesarean sectionis on the rising trend,so WHO proposes that health care facilities uses the Robson's 10 group classification system to audit their Cesarean section rates. This classification will helpto developstrategies to reduce these rates.

Objective: The objective of this study was to classify the women coming for delivery into the 10 Robson’s group,to interpret the 10 group classification and to know the highest rate of cesarean section in the group.

Methodology: This was a hospital basedcross sectional study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, for a period of 6months. All women undergoing deliverywere recruited for study .Based onthe  patient’s obstetric parameters, women were assigned to one of 10 groups as per Robson’s 10-group classification system.The relative size of each group, the cesarean section rate in each group, and the absolute and relative contributions to the overall cesarean section rate was then reported.

Results: During the study period, the overall Cesarean Section rate was 33.40%.Highest contribution was by Robson's Group 2(Nulliparous, single cephalic, ≥ 37 weeks, induced or CS before labor(9.84%) followed by Group 1(Nulliparous, single cephalic, ≥ 37 weeks, in spontaneous labor)(7.73%) and Group 5(Previous CS, single cephalic, ≥ 37 weeks)  (5.75%). Least contribution was by Groups 8(All multiple pregnancies (including previous CS)and 9[All abnormal lies (including previous CS)]0.20% and 0.27% respectively. All women in group 9(all abnormal lies including previous CS)had 100% Cesarean rate.

Conclusions: With reductions in the primary cesarean section rates and encouragingpatients forVBACcould reduce the contribution of Robson's groups towards the absolute Cesarean Section rates.
Ethnomedicinal Practices by Tharu Ethnic Community in Rupandehi and Nawalparasi Districts, Western Nepal
Authors: Thapa Chandra Bahadur
Published: December 2020

Tharus are the marginalized indigenous people of Nepal. This study was carried out using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) from 2019 to 2020. The ethnomedicinal data were collected using a semi-structured interview with 75 key informants, local healers, and Guruwas. A total of 74 plants, belonging to 39 families, for the treatment of 11 categories of ailments, were documented. The highest informant consensus factor (FIC) value was for respiratory troubles (0.84), followed by the skeletomuscular disorder (0.83), and dermatological trouble (0.82). The highest frequency of citation (%) was found in Azadirachta indica (90 %), followed by Calotropis gigantea (67 %), Euphorbia antiquorum (67 %), and Rauvolfia serpentina (51 %). Fabaceae (6 spp.) was the most dominating family; herbs (47 %) the most frequently used life forms; leaves (32 %) the most frequently used plant part, and juice (30 %) being the most widely preferred mode of drug preparation. Different parts of the plant species were used for the treatment of more than one ailment using a different mode of drug preparation, and a single species was used to treat more than one ailments. The high average FIC value (0.72) showed that there was a higher agreement among the informants for the use against certain categories of ailments. Some plants like Rauvolfia serpentina, Piper longum, and Asparagus racemosus need a proper conservation strategy, as their population is decreasing in this area.
Global Stability of COVID-19 Model: A Case Study of Nepal
Authors: Bhuju Gauri , Phaijoo Ganga Ram , Gurung Dil Bahadur
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease) is continuously spreading all over the world from January 2020. It has been the major public health concern worldwide. In Nepal, the confirmed cases of the dis ease are increasing day by day. Mathematical modeling is one of the best tool to study the transmission dynamics of COVID - 19. In the present work, the transmission dynamics of COVID - 19 in Nepal with isolation is studied by using epidemic compartmental model. The global stability of the equilibrium points of the model are discussed with Lyapunov function. The stability of the disease is dependent on both trans- mission rate of the disease and the progression rate of the infectious state to isolated or hospitalized state. Simulations are made to observe situation of the disease in Nepal using the mathematical results graphically.
TVET Programs in Nepal: Issue of Access and Relevancy
Authors: Sharma Neupane Manoj
Published: December 2020

Equitable access of market relevant TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training) programs is the first and foremost pre-condition to get the desired outcomes from TVET. The access and relevancy of TVET programs in Nepal are usually questionable. The major objectives of this paper is to analyze the access and relevancy of presently available long term TVET programs and identify its gap with the market demand. The analytical approach adopted for this paper is mainly quantitative and is based on the analysis of micro data of TVET institutes affiliated with Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT) and Central for Education and Human Resource Development (CEHRD) with corresponding information of their location, programs and enrolment capacity. Likewise, review of various other literatures including, journal articles, workshops proceedings, research reports etc. are also taken into reference. Significant variation is found between the ratio of district level enrolment capacity of long-term TVET programs to corresponding number of SEE graduates of the districts which raises question on the equitable access of TVET programs in terms of geography. Based on the analysis made in this paper, health related programs are justified as over accessed programs whereas a clear gap can be observed in the supply mechanism of TVET regarding tourism and agriculture sector. Attention is therefore needed to promote TVET programs in agriculture and tourism related sectors both in quality and quantity in order to mitigate existing mismatch between demand and supply.
Biofuel Production from Waste Cooking Oils and its Physicochemical Properties in Comparison to Petrodiesel
Authors: Lamichhane Ganesh , Khadka Sujan , Adhikari Sanjib , Koirala Niranjan , Poudyal Dhruba Prasad
Published: December 2020

Haphazard mining and consumption of fossil fuels have reduced petroleum reserves causing fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation; thus, reflecting the need of the cheaper, renewable and eco-friendly alternative source of petroleum to meet the fuel demand. Million liters of edible oil used for cooking foods and date expired oils from oil manufacturers are discarded into sewage. This study primarily intends to study the feasibility of biodiesel production using such waste oils. In this work, biodiesel was prepared from waste cooking oils by a process called transesterification with NaOH as a catalyst. Our results showed that methyl ester (biodiesel) (92.67±0.90%), soap materials (1.33±0.224%) and glycerol (6±0.68%) were obtained after the transesterification of waste cooking oil. The physicochemical properties of biodiesel such as density, viscosity, volatility, surface tension and flashpoint were analyzed, which were found to be 0.862±0.006 g/cm3, 2.23±0.021 cP, 0.327×10-3±4.5×10-6 g/s, 32.03±0.138 dyne/cm, 169.67±0.810°C, respectively. These properties were compared with that of commercial diesel as well as with the values specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6751. The density and the surface tension of the biodiesel were found similar to that of petrodiesel but its volatility was 3 times lower. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the biodiesel showed methyl ester functional group at 1436 cm-1. Based on the cost of the materials used for production, the cost of biodiesel was estimated to be about 81 Nepalese rupees (0.67 USD) per liter. The properties of biodiesel also met the standard values of ASTM D6751. These findings indicate that waste oil is one of the feasible biodiesel sources and it can be used as a suitable alternative to petrodiesel.
Comparative Study of Bioactive Compounds in Different Varieties of Pears in Nepal
Authors: Koirala Barsha , Shrestha Angela
Published: December 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical parameters, perform qualitative tests (for sugars and phytochemicals), and quantitative tests (phenolics, antioxidants, anthocyanins, tannins, vitamin C) of six different varieties of pears i.e. Bartlette, Chinese pears, Chojuro, Kosui, Pharping local, and Yakumo. The juices extracted from respective pears were used for the analysis. The phenols were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, antioxidants by the DPPH scavenging activity, and anthocyanins by a SO2 bleaching technique. The Pharping local pears were found to have the highest anthocyanins (85.95±0.1 mg/l), total phenolic content (600±0.01 mg GAE/l), antioxidants (IC50 value 250±0.00 mg of phenol/l) and vitamin C content (12.2±0.01 mg/100 ml) and tannins were observed to be highest in Yakumo pears (0.93±0.01 g/l). Likewise, the highest clarity i.e. 1.960±0.00 was observed in Bartlette pears and the highest acidity (2.01±0.01%) in  Chojuro pears. Various sugar/carbohydrate tests like Molisch’s test, Benedict’s test, Barfoed test, Bial’s test, Seliwanoff test, Fehling’s test and Iodine test were performed for the pear varieties. All the pears gave positive results for all the sugar tests except Iodine test. The positive results for sugar/carbohydrate signifies the presence of various sugars that help for the better taste, texture, and aroma of pear. The pear varieties showed the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, catechins, cyclic glycosides, and proteins. The phytochemicals are responsible for fruit preservation and act as anti-carcinogenic components. Among the varieties of pears, Pharping local pears were observed to be most nutritional because of high antioxidants, phenols, anthocyanins, and vitamin C.