bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalysis under Magnetic Fields
Authors: Chen Jiang‐Bo , Ying Jie , Tian Yuan , Xiao Yu‐Xuan , Yang Xiao‐Yu
Published: September 2024

The introduction of external magnetic field has recently emerged as a great promising strategy for largely enhancing the efficiency of the electrocatalytic system, but it lacks a systematic understanding of the underlying mechanisms. This review is aimed at fully illuminating the recent research progress on magnetic field‐enhanced electrocatalysis via the combination of theoretical calculation and experiment results. The account begins by introducing basic systems employed for magnetic field generation, and then possible mechanisms for this magnetoelectric effect, including those associated with Lorentz and Kelvin forces, and magnetothermal, magnetohydrodynamic, spin selectivity, and Maxwell stress effects. Next, studies in which magnetic fields are utilized to enhance performances of a variety of electrocatalytic reactions are discussed in detail. Finally, a perspective of challenges and opportunities facing future research in this area is given.
Design Principles of Catalytic Materials for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Araújo Thaylan Pinheiro , Mitchell Sharon , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier
Published: September 2024

Heterogeneous catalysts are essential for thermocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, a key route for sustainable production of this vital platform chemical and energy carrier. The primary catalyst families studied include copper‐based, indium oxide‐based, and mixed zinc–zirconium oxides‐based materials. Despite significant progress in their design, research is often compartmentalized, lacking a holistic overview needed to surpass current performance limits. This perspective introduces generalized design principles for catalytic materials in CO2‐to‐methanol conversion, illustrating how complex architectures with improved functionality can be assembled from simple components (e.g., active phases, supports, and promoters). After reviewing basic concepts in CO2‐based methanol synthesis, engineering principles are explored, building in complexity from single to binary and ternary systems. As active nanostructures are complex and strongly depend on their reaction environment, recent progress in operando characterization techniques and machine learning approaches is examined. Finally, common design rules centered around symbiotic interfaces integrating acid–base and redox functions and their role in performance optimization are identified, pinpointing important future directions in catalyst design for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.
Grain Boundary Filling Empowers (002)‐Textured Zn Metal Anodes with Superior Stability
Authors: Chen Zibo , Wang Yizhou , Wu Qiang , Wang Cheng , He Qian , Hu Tao , Han Xuran , Chen Jialu , Zhang Yu , Chen Jianyu , Yang Lijun , Wang Xuebin , Ma Yanwen , Zhao Jin
Published: September 2024

Aqueous Zn battery is promising for grid‐level energy storage due to its high safety and low cost, but dendrite growth and side reactions at the Zn metal anode hinder its development. Designing Zn with (002) orientation improves the stability of the Zn anode, yet grain boundaries remain susceptible to corrosion and dendrite growth. Addressing these intergranular issues is crucial for enhancing the electrochemical performance of (002)‐textured Zn. Here, a strategy based on grain boundary wetting to fill intergranular regions and mitigate these issues is reported. By systematically investigating boundary fillers and filling conditions, In metal is chosen as the filler, and one‐step annealing is used to synergistically convert commercial Zn foils into single (002)‐textured Zn while filling In into the boundaries. The inter‐crystalline‐modified (002)‐textured Zn (IM(002) Zn) effectively inhibits corrosion and dendrite growth, resulting in excellent stability in batteries. This work offers new insights into Zn anode protection and the development of high‐energy Zn batteries.
Unraveling the Complexity of Parkinson's Disease: Insights into Pathogenesis and Precision Interventions
Authors: Yan Han , Coughlin Cole , Smolin Lee , Wang Jin
Published: September 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss, leading to motor and non‐motor symptoms. Early detection before symptom onset is crucial but challenging. This study presents a framework integrating circuit modeling, non‐equilibrium dynamics, and optimization to understand PD pathogenesis and enable precision interventions. Neuronal firing patterns, particularly oscillatory activity, play a critical role in PD pathology. The basal ganglia network, specifically the subthalamic nucleus‐external globus pallidus (STN‐GPe) circuitry, exhibits abnormal activity associated with motor dysfunction. The framework leverages the non‐equilibrium landscape and flux theory to identify key connections generating pathological activity, providing insights into disease progression and potential intervention points. The intricate STN‐GPe interplay is highlighted, shedding light on compensatory mechanisms within this circuitry may initially counteract changes but later contribute to pathological alterations as disease progresses. The framework addresses the need for comprehensive evaluation methods to assess intervention outcomes. Cross‐correlations between state variables provide superior early warning signals compared to traditional indicators relying on critical slowing down. By elucidating compensatory mechanisms and circuit dynamics, the framework contributes to improved management, early detection, risk assessment, and potential prevention/delay of PD development. This pioneering research paves the way for precision medicine in neurodegenerative disorders.
Scalable Asymmetric Fabric Evaporator for Solar Desalination and Thermoelectricity Generation
Authors: Fu Zhuan , Zhong Dandan , Zhou Sijie , Zhang Leyan , Long Weihao , Zhang Jiajing , Wang Xinyu , Xu Jiahao , Qin Jieyao , Gong Junyao , Li Li , Xia Liangjun , Yu Bin , Xu Weilin
Published: September 2024

The integration of solar interfacial evaporation and power generation offers a sustainable solution to address water and electricity scarcity. Although water‐power cogeneration schemes are proposed, the existing schemes lack scalability, flexibility, convenience, and stability. These limitations severely limit their future industrial applications. In this study, we prepared a hybrid fabric composed of basalt fibers and cotton yarns with asymmetric structure using textile weaving technology. The cotton yarn in lower layer of fabric facilitates water transport, while the basalt fibers in upper layer enable thermal localization and water supply balancing. The carbon black is deposited on top layer by flame burning to facilitate photothermal conversion. The fabric exhibits a high evaporation rate of 1.52 kg m−2 h−1, which is 3.6 times that of pure water, and an efficiency of 88.06% under 1 kW m−2 light intensity. After assembly with a thermoelectric module, the hybrid system achieves a maximum output power density of 66.73 mW m−2. By exploiting the scalability of fabric, large‐scale desalination and power production can be achieved in outdoor environments. This study demonstrates the seamless integration of fabric‐based solar evaporation and waste heat‐to‐energy technologies, thereby providing new avenues for the development of scalable and stable water‐power cogeneration systems.
High Thickness Tolerance in All‐Polymer‐Based Organic Photovoltaics Enables Efficient and Stable In‐Door Operation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Lee Seonjeong , Park Song Yi , Sandberg Oskar J. , Yang Emily J. , Meredith Paul , Kim Yun‐Hi , Kim Ji‐Seon
Published: September 2024

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have great potential to drive low‐power consumption electronic devices under indoor light due to their highly tunable optoelectronic properties. Thick devices (>300 nm photo‐active junctions) are desirable to maximize photocurrent and to manufacture large‐scale modules via solution‐processing. However, thick devices usually suffer from severe charge recombination, deteriorating device performances. Herein, the study demonstrates excellent thickness tolerance of all‐polymer‐based PVs for efficient and stable indoor applications. Under indoor light, device performance is less dependent on photoactive layer thickness, exhibiting the best maximum power output in thick devices (34.7 µW cm−2 in 320–475 nm devices). Thick devices also exhibit much better photostability compared with thin devices. Such high thickness tolerance of all‐polymer‐based PV devices under indoor operation is attributed to strongly suppressed space‐charge effects, leading to reduced bimolecular recombination losses in thick devices. The unbalanced charge carrier mobilities are identified as the main cause for significant space‐charge effects, which is confirmed by drift‐diffusion simulations. This work suggests that all‐polymer‐based PVs, even with unbalanced mobilities, are highly desirable for thick, efficient, and stable devices for indoor applications.
An Electromyographic‐Based Control Using Gaussian Mixture Model on an Upper‐Limb Cable‐Driven Rehabilitation Robot
Authors: Zheng Jianlin , Li Zhijun , Xu Ting , Song Rong
Published: September 2024

Electromyographic (EMG)‐based admittance control by arm force can provide continuous motion control in robot‐assisted rehabilitation. Natural and complex physical human–robot interactions utilizing intelligent EMG‐based interfaces require a computational estimation model for 3D voluntary forces. Existing computational models infrequently directly encode the interconnections among the spatial‐dimensional components of 3D arm forces and experience performance degradation caused by confounding variables like muscle fatigue in EMG‐based control. Motivated by this challenge, a computational model is proposed using the Gaussian mixture model (GMM), which only requires a user‐friendly calibration by an incremental GMM approach to reduce the effect of muscle fatigue. GMM aims to encode the multivariable connection between EMG and voluntary force by joint probability density distribution. The EMG‐based control system retrieves the estimated voluntary forces given EMG from GMM by utilizing the Gaussian mixture regression. Herein, the performance of the proposed EMG‐based admittance control is tested using GMM by trajectory‐tracking experiments before and after the fatigue‐inducing experiment. The experiments include eight healthy participants. The experimental outcomes prove that the EMG‐based control using calibrated GMM shows an increase of 23.66% and 8.17% in tracking precision and motion compliance, showing potential application across diverse domains involving physical human–robot interactions.
Cold crystallization of poly (ether ether ketone) membranes
Authors: Bai Bingyang , He Rongrong , Yan Jiajun , He Tao
Published: September 2024

The semi‐crystalline nature of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) has been a great challenge to prepare PEEK membranes with targeted morphology and crystallization via immersion precipitation. This paper reported a novel observation of cold crystallization (CC) and the key factors affecting the formation of CC in the PEEK membrane via immersion precipitation phase separation, using mixture solvents of concentrated sulfuric acid (SA) and methane sulfonic acid (MSA). The CC in PEEK was identified by an exothermal peak slightly above the PEEK's glass transition temperature (Tg) at 146–150°C in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The CC formation was contributed to folded rigid segments resulted from the solid–liquid phase separation. Factors affecting CC investigated in the membrane preparation were the exposure time before immersion and the solvent ratio. It was found that increased exposure time from 0 min to 15 min in ambient led to cellular pore structure with decreased total crystallinity (28.9%–25.5%), but increased proportion of CC (27.7%–43.6%) for PEEK3:1 membrane. Increase of SA in the mixture solvent resulted in decreased CC and total degree of crystallization. Tensile strength measurements demonstrated that the CC contributed positively the strain of PEEK membranes. The findings suggested a new factor of CC for better understanding, control and design of PEEK membranes.
Cyanobacteria: role in sustainable biomanufacturing and nitrogen fixation
Authors: Nawaz Taufiq , Fahad Shah , Gu Liping , Saud Shah , Zhou Ruanbao
Published: September 2024

Cyanobacteria, renowned for their nitrogen‐fixing characteristics, are important for sustainable biomanufacturing and agricultural innovation. This review explores the synergy between cyanobacteria and nitrogen fixation, highlighting their potential to revolutionize biobased compound production and reduce the ecological impact of traditional nitrogen sources. It focuses on genetic enhancements and synthetic biology techniques, which transform these microorganisms into sustainable nitrogen providers. Current applications range from agricultural enhancement to cutting‐edge biotechnology, highlighting the important consequences of cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation. Challenges persist, however, requiring a meticulous analysis of ecological, regulatory, and scalability concerns. The untapped potential of cyanobacteria in nitrogen fixation promises a significant shift in biomanufacturing and environmental stewardship. The aim of this article is to inspire high‐impact research and transformative applications in biotechnology and sustainability.
Biointerface engineering through amalgamation of gene technology and site‐specific growth factor conjugation for efficient osteodifferentiation
Authors: Wu Zhenxu , Mo Li , Wang Zongliang , Song Liangsong , Kobatake Eiry , Ito Yoshihiro , Wang Yi , Zhang Peibiao
Published: September 2024

The development of bone implants through bioinspired immobilization of growth factors remains a key issue in the generation of biological interfaces, especially in enhancing osteodifferentiation ability. In this study, we developed a strategy for surface functionalization of poly(lactide‐glycolide) (PLGA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composite substrates through site‐specific conjugation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 containing 3,4‐hydroxyphenalyalanine (DOPA‐BMP2) mediated by tyrosinase and sortase A (SrtA). Firstly, the growth factor BMP2‐LPETG containing LPETG motif was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli through recombinant DNA technology. The excellent binding affinity of binding growth factor (DOPA‐BMP2) was achieved by converting the tyrosine residue (Y) of YKYKY‐GGG peptide into DOPA (X) by tyrosinase, which bound to the substrates. Then its GGG motif was specifically bound to the end of BMP2‐LPETG mediated by SrtA. Therefore, the generated bioactive DOPA‐BMP2/PLGA/HA substrates significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. Thanks to this microbial‐assisted engineering approach, our work presents a facile and highly site‐specific strategy to engineer biomimetic materials for orthopedics and dentistry by effectively delivering growth factors, peptides, and other biomacromolecules.
DNA‐Encoded Noncanonical Substrate Library for Protease Profiling
Authors: Zhang Huiya , Xing Yuyu , Yang Yixuan , Tang Bixi , Zong Zhaoyun , Li Jia , Zang Yi , Bogyo Matthew , Lu Xiaojie , Chen Shiyu
Published: September 2024

Profiling the substrate sequence preferences of proteases is important for understanding both biological functions as well as for designing protease inhibitors. Several methods are available for profiling the sequence specificity of proteases. However, there is currently no rapid and high‐throughput method to profile specificity of proteases for noncanonical substrates. In this study, we described a strategy to use a DNA‐encoded noncanonical substrate library to identify the protease substrates composed of both canonical and noncanonical amino acids. This approach uses a DNA‐encoded peptide library and introduces a biotin molecule at the N‐terminus to immobilize the library on a solid support. Upon protease hydrolysis, the released DNA tag of the substrate peptides can be sequenced to identify the substrate structures. Using this approach, we profiled trypsin and fibroblast activation protein α and discovered noncanonical substrates that were more efficiently cleaved than the commonly used substrates. The identified substrates of FAP were further used to design corresponding covalent inhibitors containing non‐canonical sequences with high potency for the target protease. Overall, our approach can aid in the development of new protease substrates and inhibitors.
Combined strategy of device‐based contrast minimization and urine flow rate‐guided hydration to prevent acute kidney injury in high‐risk patients undergoing coronary interventional procedures
Authors: Paolucci Luca , De Micco Francesca , Scarpelli Mario , Focaccio Amelia , Cavaliere Valeria , Briguori Carlo
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

Contrast‐associated acute kidney injury (CA‐AKI) is a major complication following coronary procedures. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of urine flow rate‐(UFR) guided hydration (RenalGuardTM) and device‐based contrast media (CM) reduction (DyeVertTM) in CA‐AKI prevention.

Methods

Stable high‐risk patients undergoing coronary procedures with the use of DyeVertTM and RenalGuardTM were prospectively included (Combined group) and matched with a similar cohort of patients treated only with RenalGuardTM in whom CM volume was controlled by operator‐dependent strategies (Control group). CA‐AKI was defined as a serum creatinine increase ≥0.3 mg/dL at 48 h.

Results

Overall, 55 patients were enrolled and matched with comparable controls. Patients in the Combined group were exposed to a lower CM dose (Control: 55 [30–90] mL vs. Combined: 42.1 [24.9–59.4] mL; p = 0.024). A significant interaction was found between treatment allocation and serum creatinine changes (p = 0.048). CA‐AKI occurred in five (9.1%) patients in the Combined group and in 14 (25.4%) patients in the Control group (OR 0.29, 95% CI [0.09–0.88]).

Conclusions

A combined strategy of device‐based CM reduction plus UFR‐guided hydration is superior to operator‐dependent CM sparing strategies plus UFR‐guided hydration in preventing CA‐AKI in high‐risk patient.
Transpassive Behavior of Equimolar CrMnFeCoNi and CrCoNi Multi‐Principal Element Alloys in an Alkaline NaCl Electrolyte
Authors: Wetzel Annica , Morell Daniel , von der Au Marcus , Witt Julia , Ozcan Ozlem
Published: September 2024

We investigated the corrosion properties and transpassive behavior of CrMnFeCoNi and CrCoNi multi‐principal element alloys (MPEAs) in a 0.1 M NaCl electrolyte at pH 12. By using SECM‐based tip substrate voltammetry (TSV) in combination with the chemical analysis of the electrolyte, we were able to differentiate between anodic metal dissolution and oxygen evolution in the transpassive range. Our investigations have shown that CrCoNi has a significantly higher corrosion resistance compared to CrMnFeCoNi. In the studied alkaline environment, a transpassive oxide film is formed on the surface of CrCoNi during secondary passivation. This transpassive oxide film appears to play a significant role in oxygen evolution, as the increase in TSV currents at the microelectrode coincides with the corresponding current density plateau of the voltametric current trace. The formation of the transpassive oxide film was not observed in previous studies conducted in acidic environments. Moreover, the alkaline electrolyte induced a positive hysteresis and mild pitting corrosion, in addition to intergranular corrosion, which was the sole corrosion process observed at acidic pH levels. These findings enhance the understanding of the processes governing the transpassivity of CrMnFeCoNi and CrCoNi MPEAs in alkaline environments and have potential implications for the development of application‐tailored corrosion‐resistant MPEAs.
Uncovering the Potent Antiviral Activity of the Sesterterpenoids from the Sponge Ircinia Felix Against Human Adenoviruses: from the Natural Source to the Total Synthesis
Authors: Ruiz‐Molina Ana , Pech‐Puch Dawrin , Millán Ramón E. , Ageitos Lucía , Villegas‐Hernández Harold , Pachón Jerónimo , Pérez Sestelo José , Sánchez‐Céspedes Javier , Rodríguez Jaime , Jiménez Carlos
Published: September 2024

Human Adenovirus (HAdV) infections in immunocompromised patients can result in disseminated diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates due to the absence of available treatments for these infections. The sponge Ircinia felix was selected for the significant anti‐HAdV activity displayed by its organic extracts. Its chemical analysis yielded three novel sesterterpene lactams, ircinialactams J−L, along with three known sesterterpene furans which structures were established by a deep spectrometric analysis. Ircinialactam J displayed significant antiviral activity against HAdV without significant cytotoxicity, showing an effectiveness 11 times greater than that of the standard treatment, cidofovir®. Comparison of the antiviral evaluation results of the isolated compounds allowed us to deduce some structure‐activity relationships. Mechanistic assays suggest that ircinialactam J targets an early step of the HAdV replicative cycle before HAdV genome reaches the nucleus of the host cell. The first total synthesis of ircinialactam J was also accomplished to prove the structure and to provide access to analogues. Key steps are a regio‐ and stereoselective construction of the trisubstituted Z‐olefin at Δ7 by iron‐catalyzed carbometallation of a homopropargylic alcohol, a stereoselective methylation to generate the stereogenic center at C18, and the formation of the (Z)‐Δ20 by stereoselective aldol condensation to introduce the tetronic acid unit. Ircinialactam J is a promising chemical lead to new potent antiviral drugs against HAdV infections.
Solvent‐Selective Fluorescence Sensing of Mg2+ and Al3+ Ions by Pincer‐Type NNO Schiff Base Ligand: An Experimental and DFT Optimized Approach
Authors: Dev Keshav , Singh Shiva , Bhardwaj Shakshi , Kukreti Prashant , Ramakanth Dakuri , Kumar Pankaj , Saini Saakshi , Roy Partha , Srivastava Vimal Chandra , Ghosh Kaushik , Maji Pradip K.
Published: September 2024

A newly developed dual‐functional fluorescence sensing probe (phenylhydrazinyl pyridine) Schiff base (SB) has been designed with good selectivity for distinguishing Mg2+ and Al3+ metal ions in different solvent solutions. SB exhibits quick and visual turn‐on fluorescence enhancement in response to Mg2+ and Al3+ detection. The addition of Mg2+ in ACN–HEPES buffer (1 : 1, v/v, pH 7.2) at (λmax=390 nm) and Al3+ in MeOH–HEPES buffer (1 : 1, v/v, pH 7.2) at (λmax=360 nm) resulted in significant enhancement of fluorescence, up to 7–9 times. These low detection limits of 7.1×10−6 M (7.1 μM) and 5.15×10−7 M (0.51 μM) for Mg2+ and Al3+, respectively, have been achieved by this solvent‐controlled platform. Due to the sensing potential towards Mg2+, the probe was utilized as an imaging material for breast cancer cells. 1H‐NMR studies were utilized to explore SB's sensing mechanism through turn‐on fluorescence. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to validate optimized SB and its intricate geometries, which govern the sensing mechanism in the solvent environment. Such a probe has extensive potential applications in bioimaging and the assessment of the quality of wastewater.
The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Provider engagement and outreach
Authors: Lewis Jennifer A. , Klein Deborah E. , Eberth Jan M. , Carter‐Bawa Lisa , Studts Jamie L. , Tong Betty C. , Smith Robert A. , Kazerooni Ella A. , Houston Thomas P.
Published: September 2024

The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan for provider engagement and outreach addresses barriers to the uptake of lung cancer screening, including lack of provider awareness and guideline knowledge about screening, concerns about potential harms from false‐positive examinations, lack of time to implement workflows within busy primary care practices, insufficient infrastructure and administrative support to manage a screening program and patient follow‐up, and implicit bias based on sex, race/ethnicity, social class, and smoking status. Strategies to facilitate screening include educational programming, clinical reminder systems within the electronic medical record, decision support aids, and tools to track nodules that can be implemented across a diversity of practices and health care organizational structures.

Plain language summary

The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan to reduce deaths from lung cancer includes strategies designed to support health care professionals, to better understand lung cancer screening, and to support adults who are eligible for lung cancer screening by providing counseling, referral, and follow‐up.
The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Introduction
Authors: Kazerooni Ella A. , Wood Douglas E. , Rosenthal Lauren S. , Smith Robert A.
Published: September 2024

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and across the world. The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable (ACS NLCRT) was established in 2017 as a consortium of public, private, and voluntary organizations with a mission to lower the impact of lung cancer via prevention, early detection, and optimal therapy. The ACS NLCRT supports a comprehensive scope of work that covers the lung cancer continuum, from risk reduction, tobacco prevention and control, and early detection (screening and incidental lung nodule management) to guideline‐based staging, biomarker testing, treatment, and survivorship and overarching issues such as stigma and nihilism, health equity, and tactical approaches such as state coalition efforts and policy initiatives. Applying a multidimensional and multisector approach, over 220 public, private, and government agency member organizations and 250 volunteer experts, patients, and caregiver advocate representatives collaborate to address challenges across the lung cancer continuum by catalyzing action to conceive, build, and strengthen innovative solutions. The wide‐ranging membership allows the ACS NLCRT to harness the collective power and expertise of the entire lung cancer community by connecting leaders, communities, and systems to improve equity and access. These national, state, and local relationships provide partnerships for the dissemination of ACS NLCRT–developed tools and resources. This article describes the ACS NLCRT and introduces the series of accompanying and future articles that together make up the ACS NLCRT strategic plan, which provides a roadmap for future research, investment, and collaboration to reduce lung cancer mortality and lung cancer–related stigma and enhance survivorship.
New Ustekinumab Biosimilar Candidate FYB202: Pharmacokinetic Equivalence Demonstrated in a Randomized, Double‐Blind, Parallel‐Group, Single‐Dose Trial in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Balser Sigrid , Nopora Katrin , Körner Juliane , Wedemeyer Ralph‐Steven , Anschütz Maria , Schug Barbara
Published: September 2024

In the RUSTIC trial, pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity between the proposed ustekinumab biosimilar FYB202 and EU‐approved (EU‐Ref) and US‐licensed ustekinumab (US‐Ref) as well as between both reference drugs was assessed after a single 45‐mg subcutaneous injection. Safety analyses comprised immunogenicity (antidrug antibodies, neutralizing antibodies), adverse events, and local tolerability. Overall, 491 healthy adults were randomized 1:1:1 and observed for up to 112 days; 486 completed the trial, and 478 were included in the PK analysis. All 3 comparisons showed PK similarity, since the 90% confidence intervals of the respective geometric mean ratios for area under the concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity and maximum serum concentration were contained within the acceptance interval of 80%‐125%. No clinically meaningful differences regarding overall safety, immunogenicity, and local tolerability were observed. Notably, after FYB202 administration, in fewer subjects at least 1 positive antidrug antibody result was observed compared to the reference groups (FYB202, 20%; EU‐Ref, 42%; US‐Ref, 51%). In conclusion, the RUSTIC trial demonstrated equivalent PK characteristics for FYB202 when compared to both EU‐Ref and US‐Ref ustekinumab and between both reference drugs. It provides the basis for the marketing authorization of FYB202, together with an extensive analytical characterization and the results of a confirmatory efficacy and safety trial in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
A systematic multi attributes fuzzy‐based decision‐making to migrate the monolithic paradigm electronic governance applications to new software architecture
Authors: Tyagi Nitin Kumar , Tyagi Kanchan
Published: September 2024

In the context of electronic governance, traditional monolithic architectures often struggle with the efficient exchange of information and analytics due to their centralized nature. Emerging architectural paradigms such as Service‐Oriented Architecture, Microservices Architecture (MSA), Distributed/Decentralized Technology, and Blockchain Technology offer potential solutions to these challenges. This white paper conducts a literature review to identify the factors influencing the decision to migrate from monolithic systems to these new architectures. By applying a multi‐attribute fuzzy‐based technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), the study evaluates and ranks these architectures based on their ability to meet the requirements of modern electronic governance applications. The results are compared with other ranking multi‐criteria decision‐making techniques like fuzzy analytical hierarchical process and intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS (IFTOPSIS). The findings indicate that MSA ranks highest among the available options. Each architecture offers distinct advantages that can address the limitations of traditional systems but also come with challenges. This paper also considers these factors along with a well‐defined strategy and risk management plan essential for a successful migration.
Oral anticoagulation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and non‐valvular atrial fibrillation in Japan
Authors: Kitaoka Hiroaki , Carroll Robert , Eugene Natalie , Teixeira Bruno Casaes , Matsuo Yukako , Kubo Toru
Published: September 2024

Aims

There are limited data to support direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The current study investigated the safety and effectiveness of DOACs versus warfarin in patients in Japan.

Methods

This retrospective observational study assessed a Japanese cohort of patients diagnosed with HCM and NVAF between July 2011 and June 2021 using a Japanese claims database. Propensity score (PS) matching (2:1 DOAC:warfarin) using the nearest‐neighbour method was applied to balance demographic and clinical characteristics between treatment groups. The primary outcomes were the risk of major bleeding and any bleeding (major or minor). Secondary outcomes included describing baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (SE).

Results

After PS matching, 2955 DOAC‐ and 1603 warfarin‐treated patients were assessed. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age in the DOAC and warfarin groups was 74.8 (10.5) and 75.3 (10.2) years, respectively. The majority of patients were male (DOAC, 58.8%; warfarin, 59.6%), had comorbidities (DOAC, 97.5%; warfarin, 96.6%), and were treated with β‐blockers (DOAC, 62.5%; warfarin, 62.3%). The risk of major and any bleeding was similar across cohorts [hazard ratio (HR), 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50–1.27; P = 0.336 and HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.78–1.11; P = 0.420] while the risk of stroke/SE was lower among patients treated with DOACs (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47–0.96; P = 0.027). Factors associated with an increased risk of major bleeding included prior bleeding (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.22–3.17) and chronic kidney disease (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.10–3.18). An increased risk of stroke/SE was associated with prior ischaemic stroke (HR, 2.97; 95% CI, 2.05–4.29), peripheral arterial disease (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.22–2.88) and chronic kidney disease (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.24–2.83).

Conclusions

DOAC‐treated patients had a lower risk of stroke/SE and a comparable risk of bleeding compared with warfarin‐treated patients. Prior stroke was shown to augment stroke risk by approximately three‐fold. This large real‐world study suggests that patients diagnosed with HCM and NVAF can be safely and effectively treated with DOACs in Japan.
Insights Into the Magnesium‐Catalyzed C−C Coupling of Terminal Alkynes with Carbodiimides
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sayantan , Rajput Sagrika , Sahoo Rajata Kumar , Nembenna Sharanappa
Published: September 2024

The bis‐guanidinate anion stabilized amido magnesium (II) compound [LMgN(SiMe3)2; L={(ArHN)(ArN)−C=N−C=(NAr)(NHAr); Ar=2,6‐Et2−C6H3}] (Mg‐1) has been synthesized and characterized. It has been successfully employed as a pre‐catalyst for the catalytic C−C coupling of terminal alkynes with carbodiimides, producing propiolamidine products with moderate to good yields. The active catalyst bis‐guanidinate magnesium acetylide [LMgC≡C−Ph]2 (Mg‐2) and the intermediate magnesium propiolamidinate [LMg{(NiPr)2C}C≡C−Ph] (Mg‐3) involved in the catalytic reaction were isolated and thoroughly characterized through multinuclear NMR and mass spectral analyses, as well as single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Based on the above findings, a plausible mechanistic cycle has been proposed. Additionally, a new example of bis‐guanidinate supported structurally characterized magnesium propiolamidate compound [LMg{(4−CH3−C6H4)N−(C−C≡C−Ph)=O]2 (Mg‐4) has been described via the reaction between Mg‐2 and isocyanate.
Synthesis of 2‐(Pentafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl)acetamides and Impact of the Fluorinated Group on the Lipophilicity
Authors: Mastalerz Vincent , Verret Laurianne , Paquin Jean‐François
Published: September 2024

The synthesis of 2‐(pentafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl)acetamides is described via an amidation reaction between 2‐(pentafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl)acetic acid, the SF5‐containing building block, and various amines. A total of 27 examples of SF5‐containing amides were synthesized, with isolated yields going from 43 % to quantitative. We showed that a 2‐(pentafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl)acetamide could be converted to a N‐(2‐SF5‐ethyl)amine and a SF5‐containing oxadiazoles. Finally, the effect of the SF5 substituent on the lipophilicity of the amide of a model compound was evaluated.
An Experimentally Designed Sertaconazole Sensor for Selective and Enhanced Potentiometric Response: Determination in Cream, Plasma and in Presence of Other Imidazoles
Authors: Tantawy Mahmoud A. , Soliman Shymaa S. , Abdel Rahman Mona A.
Published: September 2024

A two‐step experimental design was followed to develop a potentiometric solid contact ion‐selective electrode for sertaconazole (STN) determination. A full factorial design was first employed in screening for the best cation exchanger, ionophore and conducting polymer. Amounts of the selected cation exchanger; tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] borate (TFPB), and ionophore; calix[6]arene (CX6), incorporated in STN sensing membrane were then optimized with the aid of face centered composite design. Calibration slope, detection limit and electrode selectivity in presence of another imidazole‐classified drug; econazole, were the selected responses in both designs. The optimized ion‐sensing membrane, containing 1.0 mg TFPB and 9.9 mg CX6, showed enhanced responses compared to the primarily screened ones. This optimized electrode exhibited a linear response over a concentration range of 1.0×10−6‐−1.0×10−3 M with a Nernstian slope of 57.50 mV/decade. The detection limit was lowered by about one order of magnitude via this optimization to equal 3.16×10−7 M. The proposed electrode was successfully challenged for STN determination in the presence of other imidazoles. It was then used for STN determination in cream and spiked plasma as an example of biological fluid. Our proposed potentiometric method was finally compared to the reported chromatographic ones in terms of sensitivity, and greenness evaluation by the widely applicable Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) tool. The comparison revealed the superiority of our method in terms of sensitivity and sustainability.
Developing a resilient framework for electric vehicle charging stations harnessing solar energy, standby batteries and grid integration with advanced control mechanisms
Authors: Mazumdar Debabrata , Biswas Pabitra K. , Sain Chiranjit , Ahmad Furkan , Al‐Fagih Luluwah
Published: September 2024

A direct consequence of the rapid expansion of civilization and modernization trends is the escalation in global warming and the consequential climatic upheavals. The world has actively advocated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) as a response to the environmental challenges posed by vehicular emissions. It is evident that conventional fuel‐based charging infrastructures are economically impractical and lack organizational cohesion in light of the proliferation of EVs. An EV charging station powered by renewable energy presents a promising opportunity for enhancing flexibility and control. It is imperative that EV charging stations be equipped with solar power and standby batteries (SBBs). Consequently, this article presents and evaluates a system that utilizes a proportional‐integral‐derivative controller, a neural network‐equipped grid and a charging station utilizing a Dragon Fly Optimization Algorithm to generate power and a maximum power point tracking controller. To achieve optimal power management within the charging station, MATLAB/Simulink is used to implement and rigorously test the proposed system. It orchestrates the interaction between the solar panel, backup battery, grid and EVs. Compared to existing systems in the literature, the comprehensive system exhibits commendable efficiency. Due to the pivotal role played by grid integration and the SBB, the system can ensure a reliable power supply to the charging station under any weather conditions.
Clusters that are not there: An R tutorial and a Shiny app to quantify a priori inferential risks when using clustering methods
Authors: Toffalini Enrico , Gambarota Filippo , Perugini Ambra , Girardi Paolo , Tobia Valentina , Altoè Gianmarco , Giofrè David ,   Psicostat Core Team, Feraco Tommaso
Published: September 2024

Clustering methods are increasingly used in social science research. Generally, researchers use them to infer the existence of qualitatively different types of individuals within a larger population, thus unveiling previously “hidden” heterogeneity. Depending on the clustering technique, however, valid inference requires some conditions and assumptions. Common risks include not only failing to detect existing clusters due to a lack of power but also revealing clusters that do not exist in the population. Simple data simulations suggest that under conditions of sample size, number, correlation and skewness of indicators that are frequently encountered in applied psychological research, commonly used clustering methods are at a high risk of detecting clusters that are not there. Generally, this is due to some violations of assumptions that are not usually considered critical in psychology. The present article illustrates a simple R tutorial and a Shiny app (for those who are not familiar with R) that allow researchers to quantify a priori inferential risks when performing clustering methods on their own data. Doing so is suggested as a much‐needed preliminary sanity check, because conditions that inflate the number of detected clusters are very common in applied psychological research scenarios.
Exhausted plant cell culture media as potential biostimulants to enhance plant growth and nitrogen use efficiency in tomatoes under optimal and reduced nitrogen supply
Authors: Cannata Claudio , Basile Federico , La Bella Emanuele , Arciello Stefania , Abreu Ana Cristina , Fernández Ignacio , Leonardi Cherubino , Mauro Rosario Paolo
Published: September 2024

Background

Inefficient nitrogen (N) use leads to economic losses and environmental harm. Improving N use efficiency (NUE) is crucial. The use of plant biostimulants (PBs), integrated with good agronomic practices, offers a sustainable solution.

Aims

The study explores the potential use of exhausted cell culture media from plant cell cultures (Nicotiana sp. and Gardenia sp.) as PBs, assessing their role in enhancing plant physiological status and NUE. It also compares their effectiveness against commercial PBs.

Methods

Two experiments (Experiments 1 and 2) were conducted using cherry tomato plants. In the first one, the two media were applied at different concentrations as a foliar spray to define the optimal dose. This outcome was used to set up Experiment 2, in which both media were compared to commercial PBs under optimal and reduced N supply. Measurements included plant growth, chlorophyll (Chl) content, and NUE indices. Moreover, Experiment 2 examined gene expression related to N assimilation, transport, and response to oxidative stress.

Results

Both experiments demonstrated a significant increase in leaf area (≈11%) and aboveground biomass (≈13%) using exhausted media. Furthermore, Experiment 2 demonstrated enhancements in Chl content (≈10%) and plant N accumulation (≈20%). These findings indicate that exhausted media has a comparable efficacy to commercial PBs.

Conclusions

The study underscores the practical viability of exhausted cell culture media as effective PBs for tomato growth in both N conditions. This approach aligns with sustainability objectives by repurposing by‐products to enhance plant resilience against abiotic stress and potentially improve the efficiency of N fertilizers.
Optimization and kinetic study of N‐methyldiethanolamine‐based esterquats production
Authors: Abdul Aziz Haliza , Yusoff Rozita , Cheng Ngoh Gek , Idris Zainab , Syahirah Ramli Nur Aainaa
Published: September 2024

A sustainable alternative process for the production of bio‐based esterquats via heterogeneous transesterification of palm methyl ester and N‐methyldiethanolamine was developed. The transesterification process conditions over CaO/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). At 146°C, 83.2% di‐ester yield was obtained after 6 h when 4.1 wt% of the synthesized catalyst was used with 1.8:1 methyl ester/N‐methyldiethanolamine molar ratio. CaO/γ‐Al2O3 was able to be reused for 3 cycles without a significant deactivation. A kinetic model was proposed based on irreversible second‐order kinetics and it was the best‐fitted experimental data with an overall reaction rate constants ranging between 0.0892 and 0.695 L/mol.min and an activation energy of 48 kJ/mol. The first experimental investigation on kinetic can be applied to provide insights on large scale reactor design for bio‐based esterquats production. The synthesized esterquats was found to be readily biodegradable, as it reached the pass level of 60% of biodegradation within the period of incubation (28 days). It exhibits similar chemical and physical properties to the commercially available tallow‐based esterquats, thus offering a potential substitute for the animal fat‐based feedstock with the most abundantly available and renewable palm‐based oleochemicals.
No difference in clinical outcome between quadriceps tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with and without bone block: Results from the Danish Knee Ligament Registry
Authors: Lind Martin , Nielsen Torsten
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The quadriceps tendon (QT) has recently gained increasing interest as an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) graft due to minimally invasive harvesting techniques and low donor site morbidity. QT grafts can be used both with a patella bone block and as complete soft tissue grafts. However, it is unknown whether the QT graft type affects clinical outcomes. This study used data from the Danish Knee Ligament Reconstruction Registry (DKRR) to compare revision rates, knee stability and subjective clinical outcomes in patients who underwent ACLR with QT graft with bone block (QT‐B) or soft tissue only (QT‐S).

Methods

Patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction with QT autografts documented in the DKRR were included and divided into the QT‐B (n = 925) and QT‐S (n = 659) groups. The clinical outcome was evaluated using objective‐instrumented knee stability, pivot shift test, knee injury osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and Tegner activity scores for the two cohorts performed at the 1‐year follow‐up. The overall revision rates were determined as well.

Results

Revision rates at 2 years were equally low in both graft groups at 2.8%. Similarly, post‐operative knee laxity was equal at 1.5 (1.4) and 1.6 (1.4) mm side‐to‐side laxity, respectively. However, QT‐B exhibited a reduced post‐operative positive pivot shift of 22% compared with 31% for QT‐S. Although the subjective outcomes were equal for the KOOS and Tegner activity scale scores at the 1‐year follow‐up, reduced improvements in KOOS were observed for QT‐B compared to QT‐S.

Conclusion

ACL with a QT autograft harvested either with a bone block or as a soft tissue graft exhibited comparable revision rates and sagittal knee stability. Furthermore, ACL reconstruction using a QT graft with a bone block achieved better rotational stability with less pivot shift than ACL reconstruction using complete soft tissue QT grafts.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Real‐Time Wavefront Control of Multimode Fibers under Dynamic Perturbation
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , Luo Jiawei , Shen Yuecheng , Wu Daixuan , Liang Jiajun , Liang Jiaming , Chen Yujie , Zhang Zhiling , Qi Dalong , Yao Yunhua , Deng Lianzhong , Sun Zhenrong , Zhang Shian
Published: September 2024

Multimode fibers (MMFs), which transmit multiple spatial modes simultaneously, are essential in imaging, communication, and sensing. However, mode crosstalk significantly impairs the clarity of transmitted signals. Wavefront shaping has emerged as an effective strategy to minimize these distortions. Given the dynamic environmental conditions under which MMFs operate, rapid technological adaptation is crucial. A high‐speed full‐field wavefront shaping system designed for real‐time MMF control is developed. This system leverages probabilistic phase shaping, superpixel modulation, and a digital micromirror device (DMD) to achieve operational speeds of 38 ms per cycle for 400 spatial modes, translating to an average mode time of 95 µs. This rate sets a new record for DMD‐based systems, pushing hardware limits. The system supports continuous operation at 11 Hz and maintains high‐quality optical focus through MMFs under varying environmental conditions, with a focusing efficiency exceeding 50% of the theoretical maximum. Its compatibility with fluorescent guide stars enables transmission matrix characterization when direct access is unfeasible, broadening its applications. This high‐speed full‐field wavefront shaping system represents a significant breakthrough, enhancing the functionality and versatility of MMF‐based applications.
Investigating the Effects of Oil Additives on the Tribological Performance of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings: A Study With Hazelnut Oil in Boundary and Mixed Lubrication Regimes
Authors: Baş Hasan , Karabacak Yunus Emre
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of oil additives on the performance of hydrodynamic journal bearings using hazelnut oil. Various additives, including titanium dioxide, hexagonal boron nitride and graphite, are mixed with hazelnut oil in specific concentrations. Experimental tests are conducted in boundary and mixed lubrication regimes using a specialised rig to simulate bearing operating conditions. The friction performance of these oil‐additive combinations is evaluated in terms of bearing load, rotating speed and oil temperature. The findings contribute to understanding hazelnut oil as a potential lubricant and optimising its formulation for specific applications, promoting environmentally friendly lubricants and sustainability.