bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue: Experience with 86 consecutive cases
Authors: Reichard Kirk W. , Joseph Kimberly T. , Cohen Mimis , Greager John A.
Published: February 2007

Charts from 86 patients treated for carcinoma of the tongue were reviewed to identify strategies that might improve patient outcome. Seventy‐one patients (83%) were black and 69 patients (80%) were male. Overall 2‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 20% and 12%, with stage‐specific 2‐year survivals of 71% (I and II, n = 7), 33% (III, n = 15), and 11% (IV, n = 64) (P < 0.01). Patients with well‐differentiated tumors (n = 27) had a higher 2‐year survival than that of the others (n = 53, 30% vs. 11%, P = 0.05). Six were unclassified. Twenty‐three (27%) patients underwent primary surgical resection and lymphadenectomy with or without adjuvant therapy. Two‐year overall and disease‐free survivals were 43% and 26%, respectively. Fifty (58%) patients received radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, achieving 2‐year overall and disease‐free survivals of 12% and 6% (P< < 0.01). The remaining 13 patients received chemotherapy alone or no treatment and survived an average of 6 months. Distant metastasis were diagnosed in 14 patients (16%). Tongue carcinoma in this socioeconomic setting was characterized by late diagnosis and poor prognosis. Degree of tumor differentiation, disease stage, and treatment modality seemed to correlate with prognosis. Surgery, when possible, achieved superior results for disease control and survival. While cancer prevention efforts are critical, steps to identify high‐risk groups to implement early detection programs may help improve outcome for these patients. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of pulmonary tumor seeding by antiplatelet and fibrinolytic therapy in an animal experimental model
Authors: Brown Douglas C. , Purushotham Anand D. , George William D.
Published: February 2007

Fibrin and platelets contribute to the development of blood borne metastases by facilitating the arrest of tumor cell emboli in the microcirculation. We have previously demonstrated that the fibrinolytic agent strep‐tokinase inhibits pulmonary tumor cell seeding in an animal model. To determine whether this effect was potentiated by antiplatelet therapy, a further study was performed to assess the effect of streptokinase in combination with aspirin in a similar model. The results demonstrated that aspirin did not significantly enhance the antimetastatic effect of streptokinase (median: streptokinase = 60, streptokinase + aspirin = 60.5, P = 0.79, Mann Whitney). In a second series of experiments, the antimetastatic effect of streptokinase was compared with another fibrinolytic agent, human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA). Fibrinolytic doses of streptokinase (30,000 units/kg) and rt‐PA (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced pulmonary tumor seeding when compared with controls (median: control = 48, streptokinase = 23, P<0.01, rt‐PA = 29, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in pulmonary tumor seeding between the groups treated with streptokinase and rt‐PA (P = 0.56). The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA ploidy, proliferative activity, and concanavalin A reactivity in breast cancer
Authors: Paydas Semra , Sarpel Suleyman , Gilman‐Sachs Alice , Tuncer Ilhan , Pehlivan Sacide , Tunali Nurdan , Zorludemir Suzan , Burgut Refik , Kucuk Omer
Published: February 2007

Paraffin‐embedded primary tumor specimens from 48 patients with breast cancer were examined for DNA ploidy, S‐phase fraction (SPF), and concanavalin A (Con A) reactivity. The results were correlated with clinicopathological prognostic factors, including patients' age and menopausal status, stage of disease, nuclear grade, and size of the primary tumor. There were no associations among ploidy, SPF, Con A reactivity, and menopausal status, stage of disease, or size of the primary tumor. However, among patients who were 50 years or older, 81 % had diploid tumors and 73% had good reactivity (3+ or better staining score) with Con A. In contrast, among patients who were younger than 50 years, 45% had diploid tumors (P < 0.05) and 21% had good Con A reactivity (P < 0.05). Seven of 19 (37%) poorly differentiated tumors and 7 of 9 (78%) moderately differentiated tumors had good reactivity with Con A (P < 0.05). Reactivity of tumor cells with Con A in primary breast cancer tissues deserves further evaluation as a potential biomarker of prognosis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The synergistic antitumor effect of recombinant interleukin‐1 and low‐dose of cyclophosphamide in tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Harada Takehisa , Kan Norimichi , Ichinose You , Moriguchi Yoshio , Li Li , Sugie Tomoharu , Okino Takashi , Imamura Masayuki
Published: February 2007

Intraperitoneal (i. p.) treatment of MOPC104E ascitic tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice with interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) followed by a low dose of cyclophosphamide (CPA) resulted in synergistic prolongation of their survival time. This antitumor effect was abolished when administration of CPA preceded that of IL‐1. The combined i. p. therapy also eradicated subcutaneous (s. c.) tumors, indicating a systemically operating antitumor mechanism. In Winn assay, splenocytes from MOPC104E‐bearing mice treated with the combined therapy completely suppressed the growth of MOPC104E cells, but not that of another syngeneic tumor cell line, RL ♀ ‐8 cells. This tumor‐neutralizing activity was completely abrogated by treatment with anti‐asialo‐GM1 or anti‐Thy 1.2 and complement, and reduced by treatment with anti‐Lyt2.2 and complement. Treatment of splenocytes with 1‐leucine methyl ester (LeuOMe), which depletes natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages in vitro, did not affect the neutralizing activity. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasma D‐dimer and peritoneal CA‐125 levels as predictors of disease status in ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Rose Peter G. , Terrien Jill M. , Baker Stephen
Published: February 2007

Although serum CA‐125 has improved our ability to monitor tumor response in ovarian carcinoma, ∼50% of patients with normalization of CA‐125 have persistent disease at second look laparotomy. Peritoneal CA‐125 and plasma D‐Dimer levels were studied to determine if their use could increase the sensitivity for persistent ovarian carcinoma in a population of patients with normal physical examinations, radiologic studies, and serum CA‐125 values. Plasma D‐Dimer levels were obtained prior to second look laparotomy. The results of peritoneal CA‐125 and plasma D‐Dimer studies were compared to second look laparotomy results. Differences were evaluated with a one‐way analysis of variance. Twenty‐seven patients were studied. Peritoneal CA‐125 was evaluated in 23 patients and ranged from <6.3–223 U/ml. There was no statistical difference in peritoneal CA‐125 levels between patients whose second look laparotomies were negative, or microscopically or macroscopically positive. D‐Dimer was elevated in three patients, all of whom had macroscopically positive second look findings. The sensitivity for positive second look findings was only 27%. Minimally elevated plasma D‐Dimer levels were specific but not sensitive for persistent disease and peritoneal CA‐125 was not predictive of disease status. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion inhibits growth of metastatic sarcoma in the rat lung
Authors: Wang Hong‐Yue , Ng Bruce , Ahrens Charles , Burt Michael
Published: February 2007

Tumors depend on their blood supply for growth. The blood supply to metastatic neoplasia of lung is usually from the pulmonary circulation or both the pulmonary and systemic circulation. The antineoplastic effect of pulmonary artery occlusion was investigated in a rat model of methylcholanthrene‐induced metastatic pulmonary sarcoma. Left pulmonary artery ligation was performed on day 7 after tumor inoculation, and animals were sacrificed on day 14. The tumor burden of the left lung decreased 44% when compared with the control group. The survival of non‐tumor‐bearing rats undergoing left pulmonary artery ligation for 24 hours followed by right pneumonectomy after 2 weeks was also studied. No significant lung damage after a period of left pulmonary artery ligation was seen, as evidenced by both survival after contralateral right pneumonectomy and histology. Balloon occlusion of pulmonary artery, together with regional chemotherapy for patients with lung metastases, may warrant investigation. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid and accurate method for delineating cancer lesions in laparoscopic colectomy using activated carbon injection
Authors: Kitamura Kazuya , Yamane Tetsuro , Oyama Takayuki , Shimotsuma Masataka , Hagiwara Akeo , Yamaguchi Toshiharu , Sawai Kiyoshi , Takahashi Toshio
Published: February 2007

The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of preoperative injection of activated carbon in delineation of cancer location in laparoscopic colectomy. Activated carbon particles were injected during endoscopy into the normal colonic wall surrounding cancer lesions in five cases of early colon cancer, prior to laparoscopic surgery. The carbon‐stained area was clearly recognizable as a blackened patch on the serosal surface of the colon. Using the carbon‐stained area as a reference point, partial colectomies were successfully performed on all five patients. The preoperative injection of activated carbon assisted in the intraoperative delineation of early colonic cancer lesions. This method is recommended for the rapid and accurate delineation of early colonic cancers in laparoscopic surgery. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant melanoma of the anorectal region
Authors: Konstadoulakis Manoussos M. , Ricaniadis Nicolaos , Karakousis Constantine P. , Walsh Debra
Published: February 2007

The charts of 15 patients with malignant melanoma of the anorectal region treated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute in the period 1975–1991 were reviewed. All the lesions except one developed at the pectinate line, in the area of transitional mucosa.

Two of the patients at the time of initial presentation had distant metastases. Of the remaining 13, 8 were treated with abdominoperineal resection (APR) and 5 with local excision (LE). The incidence of local recurrence was 50% in the LE group and 22% in the APR group. Patients treated with APR had a 25%, 5‐year survival rate compared with 0% for those treated with LE, although one of the latter group died 55 months following LE due to unrelated causes without recurrence. The median survival of those with LE was 15.7 months and of those with APR 13.7 months. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis and treatment of metachronous cancers in the esophagus and the head and neck region
Authors: Yoshino Kunihide , Endo Mitsuo , Ishikawa Norihiko , Takahashi Yuzo
Published: February 2007

The esophagus and the head and neck region, both having the squamous epithelium, are thought to be subject to the same carcinogenic factors. This report discusses the diagnosis and treatment of secondary cancer detected following the treatment of primary cancer in 21 patients who had metachronous cancer comprising esophageal cancer and head and neck cancer. The secondary cancer was already advanced when detected despite the fact that almost all patients were followed up regularly at the outpatient clinic of the facility where the primary cancer was treated. Although surgical treatment of the secondary cancer was similar to that of the usual primary cancer, the prognosis for the former was poor, indicating that the prognosis tends to be determined by the disease stage of the secondary cancer. Early detection of the secondary cancer requires esophagoscopy using the iodine dye method or close examination of the head and neck region at an otolaryngologic outpatient clinic at the time of treatment of the primary cancer and thereafter at 6‐ to 12‐month intervals. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Von recklinghausen's disease associated with duodenal somatostatinoma: Contrast of duodenal versus pancreatic somatostatinomas
Authors: Mao Chuanyan , Shah Ajay , Hanson Daniel J. , Howard John M.
Published: February 2007

A case of Von Recklinghausen's disease with duodenal somatostatinoma is reported. A search of the world's literature revealed 27 patients with Von Recklinghausen's disease associated with an immunohistologically proved duodenal somatostatinoma. Twenty‐nine cases of duodenal somatostatinoma not associated with Von Recklinghausen's disease and 32 cases of pancreatic somatostatinomas have been identified for comparison. While their histology may be similar in many respects, the duodenal and pancreatic somatostatinomas show significant differences, especially in hormonal and growth behaviors.

In contrast to its pancreatic counterpart, the duodenal somatostatinoma is frequently associated with Von Recklinghausen's disease, is seldom associated with a recognizable “somatostatin syndrome,” often contains psammoma bodies, and is less frequently associated with demonstrable metastases at the time of operation.
Prognostic value of p53 protein in esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Casson Alan G. , Kerkvliet Nancy , O'Malley Frances
Published: February 2007

The p53 tumor suppressor gene has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of human esophageal cancer. To assess potential clinical applications for this molecular marker, 52 patients with primary esophageal adenocarcinoma were studied prospectively. p53 protein accumulation was evaluated immunohistochemically in surgically resected esophageal tissues, and correlated with clinicopathologic findings and survival. All patients underwent total esophagectomy with reconstruction, completely resecting all gross disease. Immunopositivity was seen in 28 of 52 (54%) primary adenocarcinomas, and was associated with a trend towards reduced postoperative survival (P = 0.06; log‐rank). Regional lymph node metastases were found in 30 (58%) patients. Thirteen of 30 (43%) regional lymph node metastases were immunopositive, which was the most significant predictor of overall survival by univariate (P = 0.02; log‐rank) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.05; Cox regression). This study further implicates p53 in esophageal tumor development and progression. The immu‐nohistochemical finding of p53 protein in primary esophageal adenocarcinomas and regional lymph node metastases appears to be associated with reduced overall survival for this disease. If these preliminary observations are confirmed in larger prospective studies, p53 may prove to be a clinically useful molecular marker in future clinical trials of esophageal cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation between tumor volume doubling time and histologic findings in gastric smooth muscle tumors: Clinical implications of tumor volume doubling time
Authors: Ueyama Toshihiko , Kawamoto Kenji , Iwashita Ikuko , Masuda Kouji , Haraguchi Yukiaki , Oiwa Toshio , Yoshida Michio , Utsunomiya Takashi
Published: February 2007

To assess the clinical implications of the tumor volume doubling time of gastric smooth muscle tumors based on a comparison with the histologic findings, seven tumors (four leiomyomas and three leiomyosarcomas) were followed up by consecutive upper gastrointestinal studies between March 1985 and December 1993. The patients were four men and three women with an average age of 58 years (range: 50–71 years). The observation period ranged from 6 to 51 months, with an average of 35 months. All tumors were surgically resected and the histologic diagnosis was confirmed. The following microscopic features were evaluated: 1) mitotic rate, 2) nuclear atypia, and 3) cellularity. Each tumor was also evaluated for the presence or absence of necrosis, hemorrhage, and degeneration. The doubling time ranged from 5 to 27 months with a mean of 16 months. There was a strong negative correlation between the mitotic rate and the doubling time (r =—0.935, P = 0.0019). The doubling time was also significantly related to nuclear atypia, but the number of tumors studied was so small that its reliability was questionable. The doubling time was not related to any other histologic findings. This study shows that the doubling time is useful for estimating the malignant potential of gastric smooth muscle tumors, and that tumors with a doubling time of 16 months or less should be considered as malignant. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression and loss of heterozygosity of c‐met proto‐oncogene in primary breast cancer
Authors: Nagy Janos , Clark James S. , Cooke Alexander , Campbell Ailsa M. , Connor James M. , Purushotham Anand D. , George William D.
Published: February 2007

The c‐met proto‐oncogene encodes the receptor to hepatocyte growth factor‐scatter factor (HGF‐SF), a mesenchyme‐derived cytokine with cell‐dissociating, invasion, and angiogenic properties. The expression of c‐met in breast cancer is the subject of controversy; 111 primary breast cancers were examined for LOH of c‐met by Southern blot electrophoresis. c‐met expression was measured in a further 40 patients with breast cancer and in 8 patients with benign breast disease by flow cytometry. LOH of c‐met was detected in only 4% of informative breast cancers. Expression of c‐met was significantly greater in patients with breast cancer than in those with benign breast disease (P <0.01, Mann‐Whitney). There was no correlation however between increased c‐met expression and clinicopatho‐logical prognostic variables. These results do not support the role of c‐met as a tumour suppressor gene in breast cancer but suggest increased receptor expression in malignant breast disease. The significance of this increased expression in breast cancer is the subject of further investigation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rates of growth of human solid neoplasms: Part I
Authors: Spratt John S. , Meyer John S. , Spratt John A.
Published: February 2007

The purpose of this article is to consolidate data collected from a variety of sources that have permitted calculations of the rates of growth of human neoplasms. These sources include Fischel State Cancer Hospital (Columbia, MO); Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, (St. Louis, MO); Roentgen Diagnostic Institute, Allmanna Sjukhuset (Malmo, Sweden); University of Louisville (Louisville, Kentucky); University of Heidelberg (Heidelberg, Germany); and St. Luke's Hospital (St. Louis, MO). Included in the data are laboratory measurements of cell replication rates. All gross measurements were made either on imaging studies or with a centimeter scale for surface or palpable neoplasms. Data have been reported for breast and pulmonary cancers and metastases of many types, melanomas, skeletal sarcomas, benign and malignant colonic neoplasms, and isolated cases of less frequent neoplasms. Related cytokinetic measurements by tritriated thymidine labelling, bromodeoxyuridine labelling, S‐phase fraction from DNA flow cytometric analysis, and mitotic indices are discussed. The various mathematical formulae applicable to the analysis of the collected data and the determination of rates and patterns of growth are included. Also considered are the clinical implications of these data and the importance of ever better knowledge on the cytokinetics of human cancer. Prior studies on the evolution of insight into this field are cited and discussed. The authors conclude that a more accurate quantification of the growth rates of human cancer is essential for understanding the biological variance of human cancers seen clinically. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Composition and content of seed flavonoids in forage and grain legume crops
Authors: Prati Silvia , Baravelli Valentina , Fabbri Daniele , Schwarzinger Clemens , Brandolini Vincenzo , Maietti Annalisa , Tedeschi Paola , Benvenuti Stefano , Macchia Mario , Marotti Ilaria , Bonetti Alessandra , Catizone Pietro , Dinelli Giovanni
Published: February 2007

Flavonoid content and composition in 124 accessions of forage and grain legumes was assessed by means of HPLC‐DAD and HPLC‐ESI‐MS analyses of seed extracts. Excluding soybean, only 7 out of 77 grain legume accessions exhibited a total flavonoid content higher than 0.1 mg/g fresh seed weight (mean content 0.33 ± 0.31 mg/g fresh seed weight); while in 38 out of 47 forage legume, the mean flavonoid content was 1.49 ± 0.89 mg/g fresh seed weight. On the basis of their higher seed flavonoid content and agronomic relevance, two grain and five forage legume accessions were selected for further HPLC‐ESI‐MS analyses aimed to identify bioactive compounds. Chemical analysis of the selected accessions permitted the identification of several flavonoids with pharmaceutical properties such as vitexin in Vigna angularis and Trigonella foenum‐graecum, quercetin in all Trifolium spp and Medicago sativa, taxifolin in Trifolium pratense and Trifolium alexandrinum, myricetin in Trifolium repens, kaempferol in Phaseolus vulgaris and T. repens and luteolin in M. sativa and T. alexandrinum. Since much of literature information is regarding flavonoid content and composition of the green part of legume species, the obtained results contributed to fill the gap in knowledge about flavonoid content at the seed level.
Headspace liquid phase microextraction for quantitation of hexanal in potato crisps by gas chromatography
Authors: Kaykhaii Massoud , Rahmani Mashaallah
Published: February 2007

A simple and rapid method using headspace liquid‐phase microextraction (HS‐LPME) was developed for the determination of hexanal at low levels in potato crisp samples. Parameters such as extraction solvent, agitation of the sample, salt addition, organic drop volume, exposure time, and extraction time were controlled and optimised. The developed protocol was found to yield a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 0.001 to 2 mg/L and a limit of detection of 0.1 μg/L with a good enrichment factor of > 107 for the analyte. The repeatability of the method was satisfactory (4%). The results demonstrate that HS‐LPME is a rapid, accurate, and effective preparation method and could be successfully used for the determination of hexanal in potato crisp samples.
Löten von Aluminiummatrix‐Verbundwerkstoffen mit modifizierten Löttechnologien
Authors: Wielage B. , Hoyer I. , Weis S.
Published: February 2007

Beim Löten von Aluminiummatrix‐Verbundwerkstoffen ist das verwendete Verfahren von entscheidender Bedeutung. Zum einen müssen Oberflächenoxide aufgebrochen und entfernt werden, um eine Benetzung zu ermöglichen. Andererseits ist die thermische Beeinflussung der Grundwerkstoffe niedrig zu halten. Zu starke Belastungen führen zu Gefügeveränderungen und damit zum Verlust des eingestellten Eigenschaftsprofils des Verbundwerkstoffs. Realisiert werden können Lötverbindungen bei einer Arbeitstemperatur unter 300 °C. Dabei bieten die Zinn‐Basislote große Potentiale. Nachteilig wirkt sich jedoch die geringe Festigkeit und Kriechbeständigkeit dieser Lote aus. Zur Verbesserung der Eigenschaften ist eine Verstärkung mit keramischen Partikeln sinnvoll. Vorgestellt werden ausgewählte Untersuchungsergebnisse zu realisierten Partikelgehalten, erzielten Verbindungsfestigkeiten und zum Kriechverhalten der partikelverstärkten Weichlote.
Modellierung der Stängelkristallitbildung beim Hartlöten von Kohlenstoffstählen mit Kupfer
Authors: Bach Fr.‐W. , Möhwald K. , Holländer U. , Nicolaus M.
Published: February 2007

Stängelkristallite werden insbesondere beim Löten von Stählen unterschiedlichen Kohlenstoffgehaltes mit Kupfer beobachtet. Diese aus mit Kupfer durchsetzten Eisen‐Kohlenstoff‐Mischphasen bestehenden Kristallite wachsen vom kohlenstoffreicheren Fügepartner in das Kupferlötgut. Durchdringen die Stängelkristallite die Lötnaht, so ergibt sich eine grundwerkstoffähnliche Verbindungsfestigkeit. Die festgestellten Wachstumsgeschwindigkeiten der Kristallite hängen in charakteristischer Weise vom Kohlenstoffgehalt, der Lötspaltbreite sowie dem Temperatur‐Zeit‐Regime des Lötprozesses ab. Obwohl das Phänomen der Stängelkristallitbildung schon seit den 1950er Jahren bekannt ist, konnte der Vorgang bis jetzt noch nicht eindeutig geklärt werden. Die in der Literatur beschriebenen, diesbezüglichen Theorien und Hypothesen stützen sich im Wesentlichen nur auf Vermutungen und Plausibilitätserklärungen, ohne dass die vorgeschlagenen Mechanismen anhand eines schlüssigen physikalischen Modells verifiziert wurden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ein physikalisches Modell vorgestellt, welches die experimentell beobachteten Abhängigkeiten der Stängelkristallitbildung quantitativ beschreibt. Das am System Eisen‐Kohlenstoff‐Kupfer verifizierte Modell ist übertragbar auf andere Lot‐Grundwerkstoffsysteme und stellt somit ein Instrument zur systematischen Auswahl und Entwicklung von Loten – insbesondere für nicht artgleiche Fügeverbindungen – dar.
Fügeverfahren im Vergleich: Löten, Kleben, Mechanisches Fügen von Magnesium
Authors: Hahn O. , Horstmann M. , Wielage B. , Mücklich S.
Published: February 2007

Aufgrund des hohen Leichtbaupotenzials ist das Interesse der Industrie an Magnesiumblech in den letzten Jahren deutlich gestiegen. Damit das Blechmaterial in geeigneter Weise in der Produkten verarbeitet werden kann, bedarf es auch entsprechender Fügeverfahren, die eine Verbindung mit unterschiedlichsten Knoten‐, Profil‐ und Blechstrukturen sicherstellen können. Demgemäß haben auch die Forschungsanstrengungen zur Entwicklung geeigneter Fügeverfahren zugenommen.
Ermittlung von Fließkurven für die Simulation schneller Warmumformvorgänge
Authors: Meyer L. W. , Kuprin C. , Halle T.
Published: February 2007

Moderne Verfahren der Warmumformtechnik arbeiten bei sehr hohen Umformgeschwindigkeiten und großen, zumeist inkrementell aufgebrachten Verformungen. Zur Simulation solcher Umformvorgänge werden Werkstoffdaten benötigt, die unter den entsprechenden Umformparametern gewonnen wurden. Dies stellt erhebliche Anforderungen an die Versuchstechnik, da hohe Temperaturen, hohe Umformgeschwindigkeiten und hohe Umformgrade zugleich realisiert werden müssen. Im folgenden Beitrag wird eine solche angepasste Versuchstechnik dargestellt und die Ergebnisse in Form von Warmfließkurven eines unlegierten Stahls angegeben.
Analyse von Partikeleigenschaften beim Thermischen Spritzen von Mikropulvern
Authors: Bobzin K. , Ernst F. , Zwick J. , Matthäus G.
Published: February 2007

Die Forderung nach maßgenauen Funktionsbeschichtungen mit hoher Oberflächengüte hat in den vergangenen Jahren zu steigendem Interesse für die Verarbeitung von sehr feinen Kornfraktionen in einem Korngrößenbereich von < 20 μm geführt. Feine Pulver besitzen jedoch nicht nur ein hohes Potential für die Applikation von dünnen Beschichtungen mit hoher Maßgenauigkeit, sondern versprechen darüber hinaus auch die Herstellung dichter homogener Schichten mit verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften. Die hohe spezifische Oberfläche von feinen Pulvern erlaubt darüber hinaus das Beschichten mit vergleichsweise geringer in den Prozess eingebrachter thermischer Energie, erfordert jedoch andererseits eine sensible Kontrolle des Temperaturniveaus, um eine Überhitzung der Partikel zu vermeiden. Die Reduktion des thermischen Energieniveaus resultiert insbesondere beim Hochgeschwindigkeitsflammspritzen (HVOF‐Spritzen) in erheblichen Vorteilen für die Einsetzbarkeit als Innenbeschichtungsprozess. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden Partikeleigenschaften von karbidischen Mikropulvern beim HVOF‐Spritzen analysiert. Der betrachtete HVOF‐Prozess erlaubt durch eine wasserstoffstabilisierte Kerosinverbrennung die Einstellung eines weiten Parameterbereichs. Dabei kommt ein für die Herstellung von Innenbeschichtungen optimierter Brennertyp mit abgewinkeltem Brennerkopf zum Einsatz. Die resultierenden Partikeleigenschaften werden mit einem System mit konventioneller gerader Düse verglichen.
Auslegung keramischer Präzisionsgleitlager mit textiler Verstärkungskomponente
Authors: Wielage B. , Müller T. , Lampke Th.
Published: February 2007

Um das thermo‐elastische Verhalten von Gleitlagern mit einer Lagerhülse aus gewebeverstärkten CMCs durch Simulation zu bestimmen, kommt eine neue Methode zur Berechnung der Materialeigenschaften des Verbundwerkstoffs zum Einsatz. Bei diesem Ansatz wird ein kleiner Ausschnitt aus der regelmäßigen Gewebestruktur in einem FEM‐System diskretisiert. Die verwebten Rowings werden dabei als unidirektional langfaserverstärkte Verbunde betrachtet, für die es gesicherte Berechnungsmethoden gibt. Zusätzlich können auch Poren in dem Modell berücksichtigt werden.

Die berechneten Materialeigenschaften wurden überprüft und als Ausgangsdaten für ein weiteres FEM‐Modell zur Beschreibung eines Gleitlagers mit CMC‐Hülse verwendet. Mit Hilfe dieses Modells wird das thermo‐elastische Verhalten des Lagers bestimmt. Die Problematik bei der Verwendung von keramischen Laufflächen (Lagerhülse) in einem Stahllager besteht in den sehr unterschiedlichen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten beider Materialien. Während der Einlaufphase verändert sich die Kontur der Lauffläche. Durch die auf Basis der Simulationsergebnisse vorgenommenen konstruktiven Änderungen sinkt die Verlustleistung des Lagers erheblich und ein Fressen des Lagers wird verhindert.Werkstoffverhalten;
Ein neues Werkstoffkonzept zur trockenen Bearbeitung mineralischer Materialien
Authors: Tillmann W. , Gathen M. , Kronholz C.
Published: February 2007

Für die Bearbeitung mineralischer Werkstoffe z. B. Gestein, Beton und Asphalt können oftmals nur hochharte Schneidstoffe eingesetzt werden. Diamant‐Werkzeuge werden während ihres Einsatzes mit Wasser gekühlt, um die entstehende Wärmemenge abzuführen und eine frühzeitige Zersetzung der Diamanten zu verhindern. Ohne Kühlung würden nicht nur die unmittelbar als Schneide wirkenden Diamanten geschädigt, sondern infolge der hohen Wärmeentwicklung auch tiefer liegende Diamanten. Jedoch ist eine trockene Bearbeitung mineralischer Materialien aus ökologischer und ökonomischer Sicht von großem Interesse, da der Verbrauch an Kühlmittel und die Verschmutzung durch alkalische Wasserlösungen in bewohnten Gebäuden entfiele. Zur Realisierung einer trockenen oder stark kühlmittelreduzierten Bearbeitung sind spezielle Diamant‐Werkzeuge erforderlich. Der Lehrstuhl für Werkstofftechnologie verfolgt ein neuartiges Werkstoffkonzept für diamantimprägnierte Schneidsegmente zum Schutz nicht im Einsatz befindlicher Diamanten vor einer frühzeitigen wärmebedingten Zersetzung. Zur Verminderung dieser Vorschädigung werden Materialien, die sehr geringe Wärmeleitfähigkeiten besitzen, in den Diamant‐Verbundwerkstoff eingebracht. Als metallische Matrix wurden Kobalt und Bronze mit Korngrößen zwischen 45–90 μm und < 40 μm, Diamanten mit Korngrößen zwischen 300–450 μm und als wärmedämmendes Material Korund unterschiedlicher Korngrößen (350–500 μm, 150–210 μm und < 70 μm) verwendet. Die pulvermetallurgisch erzeugten Diamant‐Korund‐Verbundwerkstoffe wurden licht‐ und rasterelektronenmikroskopisch sowie mit Hilfe der digitalen Bildanalyse untersucht.
Untersuchungen zur Beständigkeit thermisch gespritzter Schichten im Vergleich zu Hartchromschichten bei durch Abrasion dominierter tribologischer Beanspruchung
Authors: Wank A. , Schwenk A. , Wielage B. , Grund T. , Friesen E. , Pokhmurska H.
Published: February 2007

HVOF Schichten aus Eisen‐ und Nickelbasishartlegierungen sowie aus WC/Co(Cr) und Cr3C2/Ni20Cr werden in Bezug auf ihr Verschleißverhalten bei Beanspruchung durch loses Abrasiv (ASTM G65 und ASTM G75) mit APS Al2O3/TiO2und Cr2O3Schichten, pulverflammgespritzten und eingeschmolzenen Verbundschichten aus NiCrBSi und WC/Co und elektrolytisch abgeschiedenen Hartchromschichten verglichen. Dabei wird der Einfluss des Einsatzes neuartiger Brennkammern mit reduziertem kritischen Durchmesser und divergenter Expansionsdüsen für kerosinbetriebene HVOF Pistolen, die höhere Flammgas‐ und Partikeltemperaturen zugänglich machen, auf die Mikrostruktur und Verschleißbeständigkeit der erzeugten Schichten untersucht. Während die Hartlegierungsschichten unter den spezifischen tribologischen Randbedingungen dieser Tests keine nennenswerten Vorteile im Vergleich zu unbeschichtetem Baustahl bieten, ermöglichen insbesondere die karbidverstärkten Schichten die Verschleißrate um mehr als eine Größenordnung (ASTM G65) oder sogar um mehr als zwei Größenordnungen (ASTM G75) zu senken. Für beide untersuchten Arten der Verschleißbeanspruchung bieten HVOF Schichten mit WC‐Verstärkung wesentliche Vorteile im Vergleich zu elektrolytisch abgeschiedenen Hartchromschichten. Sowohl der Einsatz der Brennkammer mit reduziertem kritischen Durchmesser als auch der Düsen mit divergenter Kontur verbessern die Verschleißbeständigkeit HVOF gespritzter Schichten. Anhand von REM‐Untersuchungen an Verschleißspuren werden die spezifischen Verschleißmechanismen diskutiert.
Thermisches Spritzen neuartiger SiC und TiC Pulver mit oxidischer Binderphase
Authors: Wielage B. , Grund T. , Nebelung M. , Thiele S. , Wank A.
Published: February 2007

Es werden erste Zwischenergebnisse eines aktuellen Forschungsprojekts vorgestellt. Ziel diese Forschungsvorhabens ist die Herstellung und Charakterisierung thermisch gespritzter Schichten aus SiC und TiC mit oxidischer Binderphase. Dabei werden Spritzpulverentwicklung, Spritzprozessauswahl und Parameteroptimierung betrieben. Die Pulver werden sprühgetrocknet, gesintert und anschließend konditioniert. Als oxidische Binderphase wird Aluminiumoxid‐Yttriumoxid verwendet. Die hergestellten Pulver SiC – Al2O3/Y2O3und TiC – Al2O3/Y2O3weisen unterschiedliche chemische Zusammensetzungen und Morphologien auf. Angestrebt sind Carbidgehalte von >65 Gew.‐%. Als Beschichtungsverfahren kommen Plasmaspritzen und Hochgeschwindigkeitsflammpritzen zum Einsatz. Die dargestellten Ergebnisse charakterisieren sowohl Ausgangspulver als auch Schichten. Für die Untersuchungen werden Licht‐ und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie eingesetzt.
Prognosis of black children with acute lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Pendergrass Thomas W. , Hoover Robert , David J. Godwin
Published: February 2007

To assess the racial differences in survival of children with acute lymphocytic leukemia, we analyzed data for 1,675 white and 126 black children, diagnosed from 1955 to 1969. Blacks had a significantly shorter median survival and lower one‐year and three‐year survival rates than whites. There was substantial variation in racial differences by age. In addition, much of the variation between races seemed to be due to socioeconomic factors rather than strictly racial ones. Identification of the specific factors responsible for the poorer survival of children from lower social classes is sorely needed.
Remission maintenance of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Armitage James O. , Burns C. Patrick
Published: February 2007

This report describes the results of a study of central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis and combination chemotherapy for the maintenance of remission in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who achieved complete remission were treated with 2,400 rads cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate for CNS prophylaxis followed by continuation systemic chemotherapy with oral methotrexate, 6‐mercaptopurine and cyclophosphamide. There were no CNS relapses following treatment. One‐half of the patients relapsed within 11 months, with 5 patients remaining in remission for 27+ to 31+ months. The toxicity was acceptable with no treatment‐related deaths. This regimen is capable of producing long remissions in a significant proportion of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and appears to be effective in reducing the incidence of CNS relapse. It has the additional advantage of ease of administration and can be largely administered in the community.
Ph1‐positive CML in a 13;14 translocation carrier
Authors: Kohno Sei‐Ichi , Sandberg Avery A.
Published: February 2007

A 63‐year‐old woman with Ph1‐positive CML and a constitutional 13;14 Robertsonian translocation is described. The rarity of this cytogenetic combination and the significance of the D/D translocation in the genesis of the Ph1 and other chromosome anomalies in myeloproliferative disorders is briefly discussed. It is concluded that the occurrence of the two cytogenetic anomalies and the clinical states is coincidental.
Accidental intrathecal administration of vincristine
Authors: Shepherd Dell A. , Steuber C. Philip , Starling Kenneth A. , Fernbach Donald J.
Published: February 2007

Vincristine is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various neoplastic diseases. Its neurotoxicity after therapeutic and pharmacologic doses has been well documented. We report a case of accidental intrathecal administration of vincristine in order to describe the complications seen, discuss possible means of therapeutic intervention, and serve as a reminder that preventive measures are mandatory to avoid such accidents in the future.
Cisplatin pharmacokinetics in a patient with renal dysfunction
Authors: Prestayko Archie W. , Luft Fredrich C. , Einhorn Lawrence , Crooke Stanley T.
Published: February 2007

Plasma and urine platinum concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry during a three‐day course of cisdiamminedichloroplatinum (DDP, cis‐platinum, cisplatin) therapy in a patient with acute renal failure who was being treated with hemodialysis. Twenty‐four hour urine collections, obtained during the oliguric phase, accounted for only 0.36–0.56 percent of the daily DDP dose. The plasma t1/2β of platinum was approximately 240 hours after the last DDP dose. Platinum could be measured in the dialysate only during the first two hours after DDP administration. Although the data show that the t1/2β of DDP is prolonged three fold in a patient with profound renal failure, the clinical implications of these findings await further studies.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children: Immunologic, cytochemical, morphologic, and cytogenetic studies in relation to pretreatment risk factors
Authors: Smithson William A. , Li Chin‐Yang , Pierre Robert V. , Ritts Roy E. , Burgert E. Omer , Gilchrist Gerald S. , Iistrup Duane M. , Hoffman Alan D.
Published: February 2007

Thirty children with previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia were studied prior to therapy to determine whether sheep erythrocyte (E)‐receptor status correlated with clinical factors, cytochemical staining characteristics, FAB morphologic classification, and karyotype. Five patients (17%) with more than 50% E+ blasts had intense focal acid phosphatase staining and distinct clinical characteristics, including high leukocyte counts, mediastinal masses, and involvement of the central nervous system at diagnosis. Focal acid phosphatase activity was present in blasts of patients with greater than 20% E+ blasts, but this group had fewer poor risk factors. Morphologic and karyotypic features were not related to erythrocyte‐receptor status, but the L2 morphologic appearance occurrred more frequently in older patients (P < 0.05). Erythrocyte receptors have both qualitative and quantitative clinical correlations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia; however, E+ and E‐ groups are heterogeneous and E+ groups must be analzyed for other risk factors and relapse rates determined before firm conclusions can be made about erythrocyte rosetting as an independent risk variable.
Some aspects of social and working rehabilitation of patients with gastrointestinal tumors after radical operations
Authors: Simonov Nicolas N. , Gnezdilov Andrew V. , Berjozkin Dmitry P.
Published: February 2007

The results of follow‐up of 143 patients with malignant gastrointestinal tumors (stomach, 63 patients; colon, 13 patients; rectum, 67 patients) who have undergone radical operations are analyzed. The number of men and women among the examined patients was approximately equal, the age range was from 32 to 61 years, the length of follow‐up was from three months to one and one‐half years. The patients were regularly examined and questioned at the inpatient and outpatient departments by a surgeon and a psychiatrist.

The analysis revealed marked psychogenic reactions, having different clinical forms, in patients of the oncological clinics in connection with a severe stress situation. In most of the cases these reactions were extremely extensive, and the patients were in need of specialized medical assistance (participation of a psychiatrist in their treatment). It is expedient to identify patients with marked psychogenic reactions for special treatment at the time of their acceptance to the clinic. The postoperative period of such patients was accompanied by complications in 58.5% of cases, in comparison with 12.5% in patients with mild psychogenic reactions.

After discharge 31 of 62 patients found themselves in a conflict family situation, 24 patients were rather limited in their social contacts; the majority of these patients were not working after the operation.

These findings indicate the need for psychotherapeutic support in oncology, plus psychopreventive measures and medical educational propaganda among the population as important components of rehabilitation programs.
Superior vena cava syndrome secondary to histiocytosis‐X in a child: Case report
Authors: Kuten Abraham , Jose Baby , O'Shea Patricia A. , Tefft Melvin , Glicksman Arvin S.
Published: February 2007

A case of histiocytosis‐X with multifocal bone involvement and mediastinal soft tissue infiltration leading to superior vena cava obstruction, is presented. The incidence and the causes of superior vena cava syndrome in the pediatric group are discussed.
The incidence of post‐splenectomy sepsis and herpes zoster in children and adolescents with Hodgkin disease
Authors: Green Daniel M. , Stutzman Leon , Blumenson Leslie E. , Brecher Martin L. , Thomas Patrick R. M. , Allen James E. , Jewett Theodore C. , Freeman Arnold I.
Published: February 2007

The occurrence of sepsis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenza and of herpes zoster (HZ) was reviewed in a series of 72 consecutive, previously untreated children and adolescents with Hodgkin disease. There was not a statistically significant difference in the risk of developing sepsis within five years of diagnosis between patients who had (16.6%) or had not (6.2%) undergone splenectomy. Sepsis occurred most frequently among patients treated initially with total nodal irradiation and combination chemotherapy. The estimated risk of HZ during the first five years after diagnosis was 34%. Patients treated initially with irradiation and combination chemotherapy had a significantly greater risk of developing HZ than patients treated initially with only irradiation (P < 0.05). Although trends were present which suggested that splenectomy and the extent of disease at diagnosis may influence the occurrence of HZ, these did not achieve statistical significance. Survival was not influenced by the occurrence of HZ.
Hepatic toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy for carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Vaughan William P. , Wilcox Patti M. , Alderson Phillip O. , Ettinger David S. , Abeloff Martin D.
Published: February 2007

Four patients developed abnormal liver function tests and focal defects on liver scan while receiving cyclosphosphamide, methotrexate and 5‐fluorouracil as adjuvant chemotherapy following mastectomy for breast cancer. Liver biopsies showed severe focal inflammation. The biopsy findings and the subsequent clinical course of the patients strongly suggest that these abnormalities were due to hepatic toxicity of the chemotherapy and not metastic breast cancer. A review of serial liver function tests performed on 24 patients in that chemotherapy program revealed that four out of eight patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase prior to therapy developed early metastatic cancer. Elevated alkaline phosphatase occurring during chemotherapy on the other hand was quite common but more likely due to hepatic toxicity of the drugs. The development of abnormal liver function tests even in association with focal defects on liver scan is not sufficient to diagnose metastatic breast cancer in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy.
The abscopal effect: Demonstration in lymphomatous involvement of kidneys
Authors: Robins H. Ian , Buchon J. Au , Varanasi V. R. , Weinstein Arvin B.
Published: February 2007

A patient with bilateral involvement of the kidneys with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma associated with renal failure is presented. This case report provides an example of the abscopal effect. Although only one kidney received radiation therapy, both kidneys were shown to respond to this treatment.
Tissue disposition of doxorubicin in experimental animals
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. (Margaret) , Chan Kenneth K. , Harris Phillip A.
Published: February 2007

Doxorubicin was administered via peripheral vein to rabbits with or without VX‐2 carcinoma and to rats with 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma. In rabbits, the doxorubicin tissue levels showed a decreasing order as follows: kidney, spleen, lung, heart, marrow, liver, gut, tumor, muscle, and fat. In rats, the order of doxorubicin concentration in organs from high to low appeared similar, except lung concentration was closer to spleen and kidney; and doxorubicin level in fat was higher than that in muscle. When different doses of doxorubicin were given, the tissue concentrations were proportional to the dose. At 24 hr after administration, the concentration of doxorubicin in liver was much higher in rats that received the drug injected directly into the hepatic artery or mesenteric‐portal vein than in those that received the drug via the peripheral vein. In the discussions, our results in rats and rabbits were compared with what had been reported in the literature of tissue uptake studies in mice, dogs, and patients.
Clinical pharmacology of methotrexate
Authors: Bertino J. R.
Published: February 2007

Methotrexate (MTX), a potent folate antagonist by virtue of its ability to inhibit the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase [1], continues to be a useful cancer chemotherapeutic agent [2]. Information not only on its mechanism of action, but also its pharmacology has led to improved dosage schedules of this drug alone and in combination. The use of high (gm) doses of MTX followed by leucovorin “rescue” has required close attention to the blood levels of this drug and has stimulated further studies of its clinical pharmacology, especially of high‐dose regimens.

This review summarizes the present status of the clinical pharmacology of MTX.
Prognostic role of the intravenous urogram in children with acute leukemia
Authors: Taylor George A. , Mellits E. David , Zinkham William H. , Leventhal Brigid G.
Published: February 2007

We retrospectively studied intravenous urograms (IVU) performed at presentation on 108 children with acute leukemia in order to determine whether any association existed between an abnormal IVU and known prognostic factors at presentation, initial renal function, and outcome. Sixteen patients (14%) had abnormal IVUs. These patients were compared to the remainder of the group and found to be comparable in respect to known prognostic factors at diagnosis (P >0.05). No correlation was found between abnormal renal function and an abnormal IVU. Renal enlargement was associated with shorter survival only in patients who had both adenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly (P <0.01). This effect did not persist in any other group of patients examined. When subjected to multivariate analysis the IVU did not significantly influence relapse or survival in these patients. Renal enlargement may be a prognostic feature in some patients with childhood leukemia. Nevertheless routine evaluation by IVU is discouraged because of potential adverse affects of urographic contrast media and the availability of noninvasive ultrasound techniques.