bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buoyant displacement flow of immiscible fluids in inclined pipes
Authors: Hasnain A. , Segura E. , Alba K.
Published: July 2017

We experimentally study the iso-viscous displacement flow of two immiscible Newtonian fluids in an inclined pipe. The fluids have the same viscosity but different densities. The displacing fluid is denser than the displaced fluid and is placed above the displaced fluid (i.e. a density-unstable configuration) in a pipe with small diameter-to-length ratio ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}\ll 1$). In the limit considered, six dimensionless groups describe these flows: the pipe inclination angle, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$, an Atwood number, $At$, a Reynolds number, $Re$, a densimetric Froude number, $Fr$, a capillary number, $Ca$, and the fluids static contact angle, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}$. Our experiments, carried out in an acrylic pipe using wetting salt-water solutions displacing non-wetting oils, cover a fairly broad range of these parameters. Completely different patterns than those of miscible flows have been observed, governed by distinct dynamics. The wetting properties of the displacing liquid and fluids immiscibility are found to significantly increase the efficiency of the displacement. During the early stage of the displacement, strong shearing is observed between the heavy and light layers, promoting Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities. At later stages, the intensity of Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities is reduced. However, surface-tension-driven Rayleigh-type instabilities will remain active causing droplet shedding (pearling) at displaced fluid receding contact lines. The speed of the advancing displacing front (inversely related to the displacement efficiency) is measured and characterized in dimensionless maps suggesting high values at low ranges of $Re$ and $Ca$. Depending on the degree of flow stability and droplet formation, three major flow regimes namely viscous, transitionary and dispersed are characterized and classified in dimensionless maps. In the absence of a mean imposed velocity (exchange flow), it is found that capillary blockage may occur hindering Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities.
Use of a real-time PCR to explore the intensity ofPlasmodiumspp. infections in native, endemic and introduced New Zealand birds
Authors: SIJBRANDA D. C. , GARTRELL B. D. , GRANGE Z. L. , HOWE L.
Published: July 2017

Avian malaria, caused byPlasmodiumspp., is an emerging disease in New Zealand (NZ). To detectPlasmodiumspp. infection and quantify parasite load in NZ birds, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (qPCR) protocol was used and compared with a nested PCR (nPCR) assay. A total of 202 blood samples from 14 bird species with known nPCR results were tested. The qPCR prevalences for introduced, native and endemic species groups were 70, 11 and 21%, respectively, with a sensitivity and specificity of 96·7 and 98%, respectively, for the qPCR, while a sensitivity and specificity of 80·9 and 85·4% were determined for the nPCR. The qPCR appeared to be more sensitive in detecting lower levels of parasitaemia. The mean parasite load was significantly higher in introduced bird species (2245 parasites per 10 000 erythrocytes) compared with endemic species (31·5 parasites per 10 000 erythrocytes). In NZ robins (Petroica longipes), a significantly lower packed cell volume was found in birds that were positive forPlasmodiumspp. compared with birds that were negative. Our data suggest that introduced bird species, such as blackbirds (Turdus merula), have a higher tolerance for circulating parasite stages ofPlasmodiumspp., indicating that introduced species are an important reservoir of avian malaria due to a high infection prevalence and parasite load.
Molecular, biochemical characterization and assessment of immunogenic potential of cofactor-independent phosphoglycerate mutase againstLeishmania donovani: a step towards exploring novel vaccine candidate
Authors: TANDON RATI , CHANDRA SHARAT , BAHARIA RAJENDRA KUMAR , MISRA PRAGYA , DAS SANCHITA , RAWAT KEERTI , SIDDIQI MOHAMMAD IMRAN , SUNDAR SHYAM , DUBE ANURADHA
Published: July 2017

Despite immense efforts, vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis has yet not been developed. Earlier our proteomic study revealed a novel protein, cofactor-independent phoshoglycerate mutase (LdiPGAM), an important enzyme in glucose metabolism, in T helper cells type 1 (Th1) stimulatory region of solubleLeishmania donovaniantigen. In this study, LdiPGAM was biochemically and molecularly characterized and evaluated for its immunogenicity and prophylactic efficacy againstL. donovani. Immunogenicity of recombinant LdiPGAM (rLdiPGAM) was initially assessed in naïve hamsters immunized with it by analysing mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) and other Th1/T helper cells type 2 cytokines, which revealed an upregulation of Th1 cytokines along with iNOS. Immunogenicity of rLdiPGAM was further evaluated in lymphocytes of treatedLeishmania-infected hamsters and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ofLeishmaniapatients in clinical remission by various parameters, viz. lymphoproliferation assay and NO production (hamsters and patients) and levels of various cytokines (patients). rLdiPGAM induced remarkable Lymphoproliferative response and NO production in treatedLeishmania-infected hamsters as well as in patients and increase in interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12p40) responses inLeishmaniapatients in clinical remission. Vaccination with rLdiPGAM exerted considerable prophylactic efficacy (73%) supported by increase in mRNA expression of iNOS, IFN-γ and IL-12p40 with decrease in transforming growth factor beta and interleukin-10. Above results indicate the importance of rLdiPGAM protein as a potential vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniasis.
The slow death of the concept of schizophrenia and the painful birth of the psychosis spectrum
Authors: Guloksuz S. , van Os J.
Published: July 2017

The concept of schizophrenia only covers the 30% poor outcome fraction of a much broader multidimensional psychotic syndrome, yet paradoxically has become the dominant prism through which everything ‘psychotic’ is observed, even affective states with mild psychosis labelled ‘ultra-high risk’ (for schizophrenia). The inability of psychiatry to frame psychosis as multidimensional syndromal variation of largely unpredictable course and outcome – within and between individuals – hampers research and recovery-oriented practice. ‘Psychosis’ remains firmly associated with ‘schizophrenia’, as evidenced by a vigorous stream of high-impact but non-replicable attempts to ‘reverse-engineer’ the hypothesized biological disease entity, using case–control paradigms that cannot distinguish between risk for illness onset and risk for poor outcome. In this paper, the main issues surrounding the concept of schizophrenia are described. We tentatively conclude that with the advent of broad spectrum phenotypes covering autism and addiction in DSM5, the prospect for introducing a psychosis spectrum disorder – and modernizing psychiatry – appears to be within reach.
Revolutions Remembered: the Golden Mask in Moscow 2017
Authors: Shevtsova Maria
Published: July 2017

The 2017 Golden Mask and National Theatre Award and Festival in Moscow offered, as it usually does, a wide range of large- and small-scale theatre, musical theatre, opera, ballet, contemporary dance, and puppetry – a month and more of intensive activity that keeps its annually changing jury on its toes. Maria Shevtsova provides an overview of the Russian Case: a concentration of productions for foreign producers and critics that reflects quite accurately the Golden Mask's complete spoken theatre selection (as distinct from other forms of theatre such as dance). She observes that a cluster of productions refers to rebellions and revolutions that preceded the 1917 October Revolution, though none deals directly with that event. Remaining works allude in various ways to more recent Russian and global history, showing how its makers are sensitive to a past that filters through the more than troubling present. Maria Shevtsova, Professor at Goldsmiths, University of London, is co-editor of New Theatre Quarterly.
Between the Bass and Treble of BR-Trans
Authors: ARAÚJO MATEUS
Published: July 2017

Since 2002, when he created the monologue Uma flor de dama (A Lady's Flower) based on a short story by Caio Fernando Abreu, Silvero (Pereira) has developed the (character) Gisele, a travesti, resulting from his investigation within the theatre collective As Travestidas, in the state of Ceará. Like a patchwork quilt of real and remembered situations that he experienced during his research in the south of Brazil in 2012, BR-Trans changes Silvero into a body marked by Gisele and by many other ‘girls’ encountered on the journey.
For a New Political Theatre
Authors: PESSOA PATRICK
Published: July 2017

The first words of Caranguejo Overdrive, spoken by ‘a crab who one day had been a man named Cosme’, encapsulate the fundamental principles guiding the work's creation. Based on an unorthodox ingesting of Josué de Castro – the geographer who proved that hunger is not the fruit of any natural disaster, but rather of an unjust social organization – Glauber Rocha, the filmmaker who made hunger not his theme, but the very engine of his aesthetic – and Chico Science, the musician who revived the Baudelairean image of the ‘rag-picker poet’, Oswaldian anthropophagy, and tropicalism – the contemporary figure of the ‘man-crab’ emerges.
Nomadism and Decolonization: Cidade Correria
Authors: GADELHA CARMEN
Published: July 2017

The play Cidade Correria (City Rat Race) from Rio de Janeiro is my point of departure for a study of tragedy in contemporary theatre from the perspective of decolonization. A colonial mentality blanketed the New World with a white, male, heterosexual rationality whose universalizing pretensions would usher the native peoples ‘who had no writing or history’ into ‘civilization’. Dismantling this structure today requires connecting heterogeneities and dissonances. In the theatre, narratives demolish dramatic structure, proposing unstable compositions where figures pass by charting a cartography for today. Accordingly, Cidade Correria brings those from the periphery and the favelas, who have historically been excluded from mainstream narratives, into the urban fabric.
Access to modern energy: a review of barriers, drivers and impacts
Authors: Bonan Jacopo , Pareglio Stefano , Tavoni Massimo
Published: July 2017

Universal access to modern energy services, in terms of access to electricity and to modern cooking facilities, has been recognized as a fundamental challenge for development. Despite strong praise for action and the deployment of large-scale electrification programs and improved cookstove (ICS) distribution campaigns, few studies have shed light on the barriers to, the enablers of and the impacts of access to energy on development outcomes, using rigorous methodologies. This paper reviews this recent strand of research, trying to fill these gaps. The authors focus on the demand-side and household perspective. Their main outcomes of interest are electricity connection and ICS adoption for the analysis of barriers, time allocation, labor market outcomes and welfare for the impact analysis. They provide evidence of significant wellbeing impacts of electrification and mixed evidence for cookstoves.
“I Know Things They Don’t Know!”
Authors: Lantian Anthony , Muller Dominique , Nurra Cécile , Douglas Karen M.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. In the current research, we investigated whether belief in conspiracy theories satisfies people’s need for uniqueness. We found that the tendency to believe in conspiracy theories was associated with the feeling of possessing scarce information about the situations explained by the conspiracy theories (Study 1) and higher need for uniqueness (Study 2). Further two studies using two different manipulations of need for uniqueness (Studies 3 and 4) showed that people in a high need for uniqueness condition displayed higher conspiracy belief than people in a low need for uniqueness condition. This conclusion is strengthened by a small-scale meta-analysis. These studies suggest that conspiracy theories may serve people’s desire to be unique, highlighting a motivational underpinning of conspiracy belief.
Dehydration of subducting slow-spread oceanic lithosphere in the Lesser Antilles
Authors: Paulatto Michele , Laigle Mireille , Galve Audrey , Charvis Philippe , Sapin Martine , Bayrakci Gaye , Evain Mikael , Kopp Heidrun
Published: July 2017

Subducting slabs carry water into the mantle and are a major gateway in the global geochemical water cycle. Fluid transport and release can be constrained with seismological data. Here we use joint active-source/local-earthquake seismic tomography to derive unprecedented constraints on multi-stage fluid release from subducting slow-spread oceanic lithosphere. We image the low P-wave velocity crustal layer on the slab top and show that it disappears beneath 60–100 km depth, marking the depth of dehydration metamorphism and eclogitization. Clustering of seismicity at 120–160 km depth suggests that the slab’s mantle dehydrates beneath the volcanic arc, and may be the main source of fluids triggering arc magma generation. Lateral variations in seismic properties on the slab surface suggest that serpentinized peridotite exhumed in tectonized slow-spread crust near fracture zones may increase water transport to sub-arc depths. This results in heterogeneous water release and directly impacts earthquakes generation and mantle wedge dynamics.
ENMD-1068 inhibits liver fibrosis through attenuation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling in mice
Authors: Sun Quan , Wang Yan , Zhang Jie , Lu Jing
Published: July 2017

Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. We studied the effect of N1-3-methylbutyryl-N4-6-aminohexanoyl-piperazine (ENMD-1068), a PAR-2 antagonist, on the development of CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) isolated from the mice. Before CCl4 injection, the mice were injected intraperitoneally with either 25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg ENMD-1068 or with 200 μL of the vehicle control twice per week for 4 weeks. The isolated HSCs were stimulated by TGF-β1 with or without ENMD-1068 to evaluate the role of PAR-2 in TGF-β1 induced HSCs activation and collagen production. We showed that the levels of ALT/AST, collagen content, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were significantly reduced by treatment with ENMD-1068 in CCl4-induced fibrotic mice. Interestingly, we found TGF-β1 signaling-related expression levels of α-SMA, type I and III collagen, and C-terminal phosphorylation of Smad2/3 were significantly decreased in the ENMD-1068 treated HSCs. Moreover, we showed ENMD-1068 treatment inhibited trypsin or SLIGRL-NH2 stimulated calcium release and TGF-β1 induced Smad transcriptional activity in HSCs. We demonstrated that ENMD-1068 reduces HSCs activation and collagen expression through the inhibiton of TGF-β1/Smad signal transduction.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Risk Prediction of Severe Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease in Children
Authors: Zhang Bin , Wan Xiang , Ouyang Fu-sheng , Dong Yu-hao , Luo De-hui , Liu Jing , Liang Long , Chen Wen-bo , Luo Xiao-ning , Mo Xiao-kai , Zhang Lu , Huang Wen-hui , Pei Shu-fang , Guo Bao-liang , Liang Chang-hong , Lian Zhou-yang , Zhang Shui-xing
Published: July 2017

The identification of indicators for severe HFMD is critical for early prevention and control of the disease. With this goal in mind, 185 severe and 345 mild HFMD cases were assessed. Patient demographics, clinical features, MRI findings, and laboratory test results were collected. Gradient boosting tree (GBT) was then used to determine the relative importance (RI) and interaction effects of the variables. Results indicated that elevated white blood cell (WBC) count > 15 × 109/L (RI: 49.47, p < 0.001) was the top predictor of severe HFMD, followed by spinal cord involvement (RI: 26.62, p < 0.001), spinal nerve roots involvement (RI: 10.34, p < 0.001), hyperglycemia (RI: 3.40, p < 0.001), and brain or spinal meninges involvement (RI: 2.45, p = 0.003). Interactions between elevated WBC count and hyperglycemia (H statistic: 0.231, 95% CI: 0–0.262, p = 0.031), between spinal cord involvement and duration of fever ≥3 days (H statistic: 0.291, 95% CI: 0.035–0.326, p = 0.035), and between brainstem involvement and body temperature (H statistic: 0.313, 95% CI: 0–0.273, p = 0.017) were observed. Therefore, GBT is capable to identify the predictors for severe HFMD and their interaction effects, outperforming conventional regression methods.
Effects of the mode of re-socialization after juvenile social isolation on medial prefrontal cortex myelination and function
Authors: Makinodan Manabu , Ikawa Daisuke , Yamamuro Kazuhiko , Yamashita Yasunori , Toritsuka Michihiro , Kimoto Sohei , Yamauchi Takahira , Okumura Kazuki , Komori Takashi , Fukami Shin-ichi , Yoshino Hiroki , Kanba Shigenobu , Wanaka Akio , Kishimoto Toshifumi
Published: July 2017

Social isolation is an important factor in the development of psychiatric disorders. It is necessary to develop an effective psychological treatment, such as cognitive rehabilitation, for children who have already suffered from social isolation, such as neglect and social rejection. We used socially isolated mice to validate whether elaborate re-socialization after juvenile social isolation can restore hypomyelination in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the attendant functions manifested in socially isolated mice. While mice who underwent re-socialization with socially isolated mice after juvenile social isolation (Re-IS mice) demonstrated less mPFC activity during exposure to a strange mouse, as well as thinner myelin in the mPFC than controls, mice who underwent re-socialization with socially housed mice after juvenile social isolation (Re-SH mice) caught up with the controls in terms of most mPFC functions, as well as myelination. Moreover, social interaction of Re-IS mice was reduced as compared to controls, but Re-SH mice showed an amount of social interaction comparable to that of controls. These results suggest that the mode of re-socialization after juvenile social isolation has significant effects on myelination in the mPFC and the attendant functions in mice, indicating the importance of appropriate psychosocial intervention after social isolation.
Effect of over-consolidation and shear rate on the residual strength of soils of silty sand in the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Li Deying , Yin Kunlong , Glade Thomas , Leo Chin
Published: July 2017

Estimation of the residual strength of the soil on the landslide sliding surface is essential for analyzing reactivated landslides. This study investigated the influence of over-consolidation ratio (OCR) and shear rate on the residual strength of SM-type (silty sand) landslide soils in the Three Gorge Reservoir using ring shear tests under drained conditions. A series of ring shear tests were conducted to measure the drained residual strength under over-consolidation ratios of 1–12 and shear rates of 0.06–30.00 mm/min. Test results showed that residual strengths of SM-type landslide soils were not affected significantly by the over-consolidation process. The effect of shear rate on residual strength did not exhibit a regular pattern at shear rates of 0.06–10.00 mm/min, and behaved negatively at a high shear rate of 30 mm/min. The reduction in residual strength at higher shear rates may be attributable to increases in the water content of the shear zone and the amount of finer particles, due to particle breakage and/or larger grains being pushed from the shear zone.
Kinetic insights into the temperature dependence of DNA strand cleavage and religation by topoisomerase III from the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus
Authors: Zhang Junhua , Pan Bailong , Li Zhimeng , Sheng Zhao Xin , Huang Li
Published: July 2017

All cellular organisms encode type IA topoisomerases which catalyze DNA topological changes essential for DNA transactions. However, the kinetics of the reaction catalyzed by these enzymes remains poorly characterized. Here we measured the rapid kinetics of template binding, cleavage and religation by Sso topo III, a type IA topoisomerase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus, by using a novel FRET/PIFE-based method in a stopped-flow spectrometer. We show that Sso topo III bound the template rapidly, and the rate of binding was 2–3 orders of magnitudes higher than that of template cleavage at 25 °C. The rate of template cleavage was favored over that of template religation by the enzyme, and was more so at lower temperatures (25–55 °C). Significant template cleavage [(2.23 ± 0.11) × 10−3 s−1] was observed while little religation was detectable at 25 °C. This is consistent with the presence of a higher activation energy for template religation (41 ± 5 kcal·mol−1) than that for template cleavage (32 ± 1 kcal·mol−1). Our results provide a kinetic interpretation for the ability of Sso topo III to relax negatively supercoiled DNA only at higher temperature and offer clues to the adaptation of the reaction mechanisms of thermophilic enzymes to high temperature.
The adipokine leptin modulates adventitial pericyte functions by autocrine and paracrine signalling
Authors: Riu Federica , Slater Sadie C. , Garcia Eva Jover , Rodriguez-Arabaolaza Iker , Alvino Valeria , Avolio Elisa , Mangialardi Giuseppe , Cordaro Andrea , Satchell Simon , Zebele Carlo , Caporali Andrea , Angelini Gianni , Madeddu Paolo
Published: July 2017

Transplantation of adventitial pericytes (APCs) improves recovery from tissue ischemia in preclinical animal models by still unknown mechanisms. This study investigates the role of the adipokine leptin (LEP) in the regulation of human APC biological functions. Transcriptomic analysis of APCs showed components of the LEP signalling pathway are modulated by hypoxia. Kinetic studies indicate cultured APCs release high amounts of immunoreactive LEP following exposure to hypoxia, continuing upon return to normoxia. Secreted LEP activates an autocrine/paracrine loop through binding to the LEP receptor (LEPR) and induction of STAT3 phosphorylation. Titration studies using recombinant LEP and siRNA knockdown of LEP or LEPR demonstrate the adipokine exerts important regulatory roles in APC growth, survival, migration and promotion of endothelial network formation. Heterogeneity in LEP expression and secretion may influence the reparative proficiency of APC therapy. Accordingly, the levels of LEP secretion predict the microvascular outcome of APCs transplantation in a mouse limb ischemia model. Moreover, we found that the expression of the Lepr gene is upregulated on resident vascular cells from murine ischemic muscles, thus providing a permissive milieu to transplanted LEP-expressing APCs. Results highlight a new mechanism responsible for APC adaptation to hypoxia and instrumental to vascular repair.
Novel phosphorescent cationic iridium(iii) complexes with o-carboranylation on the ancillary N^N ligand
Authors: Li Xiang , Yin Yongheng , Yan Hong , Lu Changsheng , Zhao Qiang
Published: July 2017

The substitution sites on ancillary ligands and the 2-R substituents ofo-carboranes could be utilized to tune both emission colors and phosphorescence quantum yields of iridium(iii) complexes.
Protective effects of fisetin and other berry flavonoids in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Maher Pamela
Published: July 2017

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-associated degenerative disease of the midbrain that results from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.
Advancements on the molecular design of nanoantibiotics: current level of development and future challenges
Authors: Jijie Roxana , Barras Alexandre , Teodorescu Florina , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: July 2017

Numerous antimicrobial drugs have been developed and commercialized to kill and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes.
Oxygenophilic ionic liquids promote the oxygen reduction reaction in Pt-free carbon electrocatalysts
Authors: Qiao Mo , Tang Cheng , Tanase Liviu Cristian , Teodorescu Cristian Mihail , Chen Chengmeng , Zhang Qiang , Titirici Maria-Magdalena
Published: July 2017

We propose a novel idea to improve the surface properties of carbon-based Pt-free electrocatalysts in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) and Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs).
2-Nitroimidazole based fluorescent probes for nitroreductase; monitoring reductive stress in cellulo
Authors: Ao X. , Bright S. A. , Taylor N. C. , Elmes R. B. P.
Published: July 2017

Two 2-nitroimidazole-1,8-naphthalimide conjugates, 1 and 2, have been synthesised as fluorescence probes for the detection of reductive stress in HeLa cells.
Ozonolysis of neem oil: preparation and characterization of potent antibacterial agents against multidrug resistant bacterial strains
Authors: de Oliveira Paola , de Almeida Nathália , Conda-Sheridan Martin , Apparecido Rafael do Prado , Micheletti Ana Camila , Carvalho Nadia Cristina , dos Santos Edson dos Anjos , Marques Maria Rita , de Arruda Eduardo , Alcantara Glaucia Braz , de Oliveira Lincoln Carlos , de Lima Dênis , Beatriz Adilson
Published: July 2017

Neem ozonated oils showed excellent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against standardE. faecalis, clinical vancomycin resistantE. faecium, clinical multiresistantK. pneumoniae(KPC), andS. aureus(MRSA and standard).
Exploring the pathways of aromatic carboxylic acids in ozone solutions
Authors: Zhong Xin , Cui Chongwei , Yu Shuili
Published: July 2017

The reaction between ozone and natural organic matter (NOM) generates a certain amount of aromatic carboxylic acids (ACAs).
Mechanical reinforcement of a cellulose aerogel with nanocrystalline cellulose as reinforcer
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Li Ang , Li Zhanying , Hu Wenbin , Shao Lin , Lu Lingbin , Cao Yang , Chen Yongjun
Published: July 2017

The NCC reinforced cellulose aerogel exhibited better mechanical properties, as well as good adsorption performance and reusability.
Fate of nitrogen-15 in the subsequent growing season of greenhouse tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) as influenced by alternate partial root-zone irrigation
Authors: Hou Maomao , Zhong Fenglin , Jin Qiu , Liu Enjiang , Feng Jie , Wang Tengyun , Gao Yue
Published: July 2017

Alternate partial root-zone irrigation has profound impacts on the crop uptake of residual nitrogen originated from the previous season.
Modification of the intermediate band and thermoelectric properties in Se-doped CoSbS1−xSex compounds
Authors: You Yonghui , Su Xianli , Liu Wei , Yan Yonggao , Hu Tiezheng , Uher Ctirad , Tang Xinfeng
Published: July 2017

Se alloying decreases the band gap and impurity activation energy, leading to improved ZT ∼0.26, 37% higher over undoped CoSbS.
Preparation and characterization of novel phthalhydrazide-functionalized MCM-41 and its application in the one-pot synthesis of coumarin-fused triazolopyrimidines
Authors: Akrami Sedigheh , Karami Bahador , Farahi Mahnaz
Published: July 2017

Preparation and characterization of novel phthalhydrazide-functionalized MCM-41 and its application in the one-pot synthesis of 4-hydroxycoumarin-fused triazolopyrimidines.
Nickel-catalyzed transamidation of aliphatic amide derivatives
Authors: Dander Jacob E. , Baker Emma L. , Garg Neil K.
Published: July 2017

We report a two-step approach to achieve the transamidation of secondary aliphatic amides using non-precious metal catalysis.
Impact of mechanical bonding on the redox-switching of tetrathiafulvalene in crown ether–ammonium [2]rotaxanes
Authors: Schröder Hendrik V. , Sobottka Sebastian , Nößler Maite , Hupatz Henrik , Gaedke Marius , Sarkar Biprajit , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: July 2017

Switchable crown ether–ammonium [2]rotaxanes with a redox-active tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit implemented in their wheels were synthesised and fully characterised.
Mutable polyelectrolyte tube arrays: mesoscale modeling and lateral force microscopy
Authors: Cranford Steven W. , Han Lin , Ortiz Christine , Buehler Markus J.
Published: July 2017

In this study, the pH-dependent friction of layer-by-layer assemblies of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAH/PAA) are quantified for microtube array structuresviaexperimental and simulated lateral force microscopy (LFM).
High-performance flexible thermoelectric generator by control of electronic structure of directly spun carbon nanotube webs with various molecular dopants
Authors: An Cheng Jin , Kang Young Hun , Song Hyeonjun , Jeong Youngjin , Cho Song Yun
Published: July 2017

Thermally treated carbon nanotube webs for effective n-type doping are used for a flexible thermoelectric generator with a high power output.
Large-scale synthesis of porous NiCo2O4and rGO–NiCo2O4hollow-spheres with superior electrochemical performance as a faradaic electrode
Authors: Mondal Aniruddha , Maiti Sandipan , Mahanty Sourindra , Baran Panda Asit
Published: July 2017

A spray drying based synthetic protocol is developed for NiCo2O4and rGO–NiCo2O4hollow-spheres using a simple aqueous metal–(NH4)2CO3solution as the precursor.
Evolution of dealloyed PdBi2 nanoparticles as electrocatalysts with enhanced activity and remarkable durability in hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Sarkar Shreya , Subbarao Udumula , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: July 2017

A facile method was employed for the synthesis of ordered PdBi2 nanoparticles. Electrochemical dealloying of Bi has been utilized for the evolution of the active catalyst towards the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Biomineralization of a titanium-modified hydroxyapatite semiconductor on conductive wool fibers
Authors: Adamiano Alessio , Sangiorgi Nicola , Sprio Simone , Ruffini Andrea , Sandri Monica , Sanson Alessandra , Gras Pierre , Grossin David , Francès Christine , Chatzipanagis Konstantinos , Bilton Matthew , Marzec Bartosz , Varesano Alessio , Meldrum Fiona , Kröger Roland , Tampieri Anna
Published: July 2017

Bioinspired mineralization of a CaP wide-band gap semiconductor on conductive natural fibers.
MgAl-layered double hydroxide nanoparticles co-delivering siIDO and Trp2 peptide effectively reduce IDO expression and induce cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses against melanoma tumor in mice
Authors: Zhang Ling-xiao , Liu Dong-qun , Wang Shao-wei , Yu Xiao-lin , Ji Mei , Xie Xi-xiu , Liu Shu-ying , Liu Rui-tian
Published: July 2017

The co-delivery of Trp2 and siIDO by LDH nanoparticles alleviates immune tolerance and promotes CTL responses in vivo.
Low-power white light triggered AIE polymer nanoparticles with high ROS quantum yield for mitochondria-targeted and image-guided photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zheng Yadan , Lu Hongguang , Jiang Zhu , Guan Yue , Zou Jialing , Wang Xian , Cheng Ruoyu , Gao Hui
Published: July 2017

AIE nanoparticles show mitochondrial targeting, harvest FR/NIR emission and exert severe ROS cytotoxicity under ultralow-power-intensity (10 mW cm−2) light irradiation.
Effects of resonant bonding and structural distortion on the phase change properties of Sn2Sb2Se5
Authors: Ahn Min , Jeong Kwang-sik , Park Seungjong , Park Sungjin , Jung Hoon , Han Jeonghwa , Yang Wonjun , Kim Dasol , Jeong Hongsik , Cho Mann-Ho
Published: July 2017

The phase-change characteristics of Sn2Sb2Se5(SSS), a pseudo-binary chalcogenide material, were investigated for use in phase-change random access memory applications.
Fluoran salicylaldehyde hydrazone Zn(ii) complexes: reversible photochromic systems both in solution and in a solid matrix
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Li Kai , Wang Lili , He Yanling , He Juan , Hou Hongwei , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2017

Reversible, multicolor, non-composite photochromic systems based on fluoran salicylaldehyde hydrazone Zn(ii) complexes both in solution and in a solid matrix.
Multi‐focus image fusion algorithm based on multilevel morphological component analysis and support vector machine
Authors: Li Xiongfei , Wang Lingling , Wang Jing , Zhang Xiaoli
Published: July 2017

In this study, a novel algorithm is proposed for multi‐focus image fusion based on multilevel morphological decomposition and classifier. The attractive feature of the algorithm is that it decomposes images into several layers with different morphological components, which makes it preserve more detail information of source images. In the algorithm, source images are first decomposed by the multilevel morphological component analysis. Then, feature vectors are extracted from nature layers, and they are classified by a trained two‐class support vector machine. Then, consistency verification is employed to verify the decision matrix sets. Finally, coefficients are fused based on the decision matrix sets. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of subjective and objective evaluation.
Improved single‐epoch single‐frequency Par Lambda algorithm with baseline constraints for the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
Authors: Liu Xin , Chen Guoliang , Zhang Qiuzhao , Zhang Shubi
Published: July 2017

A new single‐epoch single‐frequency algorithm based on partial least‐squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (Par Lambda) that employs baseline constraints is developed for BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) called Improved Par Lambda, based on the characteristics of building deformation monitoring. The floating solution of double‐difference ambiguities is obtained by means of double‐difference observations and least‐squares method. The double‐difference observation equations with baseline length constraint are composed of the equations of BDS single‐frequency pseudo‐range observations and carrier phase observations and the baseline length constraint equation. The least‐squares principle is used to compute floating solution of double‐difference ambiguities and the corresponding cofactor matrix. Based on the precision of double‐difference ambiguities, the ambiguities will be divided into different levels (2, 1, 1,…, 1) and then be fixed based on the Lambda method progressively. The 1, 5 and 10 s short baseline data of BDS single‐epoch single‐frequency based on B1 band carrier phase were computed through this method. The results showed that, for BDS single‐epoch single‐frequency, the success rate and the search efficiency of fixing ambiguities of Improved Par Lambda were all better than the traditional methods and the success rate was more than 98%.
Survey on Quality of Observation within Sensor Web systems
Authors: Auger Antoine , Exposito Ernesto , Lochin Emmanuel
Published: July 2017

The sensor web vision refers to the addition of a middleware layer between sensors and applications. To bridge the gap between these two layers, sensor web systems must deal with heterogeneous sources, which produce heterogeneous observations of disparate quality. Managing such diversity at the application level can be complex and requires high levels of expertise from application developers. Moreover, as an information‐centric system, any sensor web should provide support for quality of observation (QoO) requirements. In practise, however, only few sensor webs provide satisfying QoO support and are able to deliver high‐quality observations to end consumers in a specific manner. This survey aims to study why and how observation quality should be addressed in sensor webs. It proposes three original contributions. First, it provides important insights into quality dimensions and proposes to use the QoO notion to deal with information quality within sensor webs. Second, it proposes a QoO‐oriented review of 29 sensor web solutions developed between 2003 and 2016, as well as a custom taxonomy to characterise some of their features from a QoO perspective. Finally, it draws four major requirements required to build future adaptive and QoO‐aware sensor web solutions.
Efficient generation of goats with defined point mutation (I397V) in GDF9 through CRISPR/Cas9
Authors: Niu Yiyuan , Zhao Xiaoe , Zhou Jiankui , Li Yan , Huang Yu , Cai Bei , Liu Yutai , Ding Qiang , Zhou Shiwei , Zhao Jin , Zhou Guangxian , Ma Baohua , Huang Xingxu , Wang Xiaolong , Chen Yulin
Published: July 2017

The recent emergence of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) 9 system has attracted significant attention for its potential to improve traits of agricultural importance. However, most applications in livestock species to date have depended on aberrant DNA repair to generate frameshifting indels. Whether this genomic engineering technique involving homology-dependent repair (HDR) can be used to introduce defined point mutations has been less explored. Previously, we reported a G→A point mutation (g.231A>G, p.Val397Ile) in the growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) gene that has a large effect on the litter size of cashmere goats. In the present study we report that by co-injecting synthesised RNAs and single-stranded oligo deoxynucleotide (ssODN) donor sequences into goat zygotes, we successfully introduced defined point mutations resulting in single amino acid substitutions in the proteins as expected. The efficiency of this precise single-nucleotide substitution in newborn kids was as high as 24% (4/17), indicating that ssODN-directed HDR via zygote injection is efficient at introducing point mutations in the goat genome. The findings of the present study further highlight the complex genome modifications facilitated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which is able to introduce defined point mutations. This represents a significant development for the improvement of reproduction traits in goats, as well as for validating the roles of specific nucleotides in functional genetic elements in large animals.
The complex, language-specific semantics of “surprise”
Authors: Goddard Cliff
Published: July 2017

This study is conducted using the NSM (Natural Semantic Metalanguage) methodology, which seeks to explicate complex language-specific concepts into configurations of simple universal concepts (Goddard, 2011; Goddard &
Wierzbicka, 2014a; cf. Ye, 2013). The study has three main dimensions. It begins by turning the lens of NSM semantic analysis onto a set of words that are central to the “discourse of the unexpected” in English: surprised, amazed, astonished and shocked. By elucidating their precise meanings, we can gain an improved picture of the English folk model in this domain. A comparison with Malay
(Bahasa Melayu) shows that the “surprise words” of English lack precise equivalents in other languages (cf. Goddard, 1997). The second dimension involves grammatical semantics, seeking to identify the semantic relationships between agnate word-sets such as: surprised, surprising, to surprise; amazed, amazing, to amaze. The third dimension is a theoretical one, concerned with the goal of developing a typology of “surprise-like” concepts. It is argued that adopting English-­specific words, such as surprise or unexpected, as descriptive categories inevitably leads to conceptual Anglocentrism (Wierzbicka, 2014). The alternative, non-Anglocentric strategy relies on components phrased in terms of universal semantic primes, such as ‘something happened’ and ‘this someone didn’t know that it will happen’, and the like.
Surprise and human-agent interactions
Authors: Clavel Chloé
Published: July 2017

Affective Computing aims at improving the naturalness of human-computer interactions by integrating the socio-emotional component in the interaction. The use of embodied conversational agents (ECAs) – virtual characters interacting with humans – is a key answer to this issue. On the one hand, the ECA has to take into account the human emotional behaviours and social attitudes. On the other hand, the ECA has to display socio-emotional behaviours with relevance. In this paper, we provide an overview of computational methods used for user’s socio-emotional behaviour analysis and of human-agent interaction strategies by questioning the ambivalent status of surprise. We focus on the computational models and on the methods we use to detect user’s emotion through language and speech processing and present a study investigating the role of surprise in the ECA’s answer.
Ways to move forward in translation studies
Authors: Kim Mira , Matthiessen Christian M.I.M.
Published: July 2017

Discourse analysis has grown in applied linguistics since the 1970s and its application in translation studies became prominent in the 1990s (Munday 2012, 137). One of the topics in discourse analysis that has been given particular attention by translation scholars is the translation of choices within the textual metafunction, with particular focus on the role of Theme and its impact on thematic development in text. A number of studies have generated new insights into the translation of textual choices, for example concerning failures to recreate patterns of thematic progression. The growth of this area of research is a highly encouraging development since it had previously been largely neglected in translation studies (House 1997, 31). While these studies have focused on separate micro-issues in specific language pairs, the present article attempts to conduct a comprehensive review of existing studies on this topic in order to (i) highlight major topics addressed so far and (ii) make suggestions for further studies into this important area of translation from a systemic functional linguistic perspective.
Engagement and graduation resources as markers of translator/interpreter positioning
Authors: Munday Jeremy
Published: July 2017

This article examines the application of appraisal theory (Martin and White 2005) to the analysis of translation. It develops the findings in Munday (2012), which focused on attitudinal meanings, and explores the potential for the use of engagement resources and graduation as a means of determining translator/interpreter positioning. Using a range of examples from texts of international organizations, it discusses the translation of reporting verbs and intensification as a signal of the translator’s/interpreter’s degree of ‘investment’ in a proposition and control over the text receiver’s response. This is framed within the concept of ‘discourse space theory’ (Chilton 2004) to provide a reference for future work in this field.
(Un)stable sources, translation and news production
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A.
Published: July 2017

This article discusses the distinction stable versus unstable sources, which Hernández Guerrero has suggested in her book on news translation. It starts with a short overview of news translation as a subfield within the discipline of translation studies, emphasizing the role of translation in news production since the emergence of the journalistic profession. The next section discusses the concepts of ‘stable’ and ‘unstable’ sources, and moves on to introduce framing, a key concept in communication studies, defined as the central organizing idea that allows news consumers to make sense of events. The term will be related to the mechanisms that journalists resort to in order to produce source texts, which, in turn, can also affect the selection and de-selection processes undertaken by news producers when relying on articles published in other languages. The final sections will consider the translated economic columns of Paul Krugman, originally published in the New York Times and in Spanish by the daily El País, to reflect on the usefulness of the binary opposition stable versus unstable sources, and will show that, in some media, certain unstable texts can turn stable.
Conflicting discourses of translation assessment and the discursive construction of the ‘assessor’ role in cyberspace
Authors: Kang Ji-Hae
Published: July 2017

This article explores the ways in which translation assessment is discursively constructed by readers participating in an online translation debate. Focusing on a controversy over the Korean translation of Walter Isaacson’s 2011 biography of Steve Jobs, it examines how readers participating in a translation debate in Daum Agora, the largest online discussion forum in South Korea, enact the ‘assessor’ role in evaluating the translation. Drawing on the concepts of ‘social role,’ ‘activity role,’ and ‘discourse role,’ I argue that online translation assessors perform the discourse roles of ‘expert-judge,’ ‘activist,’ and ‘assessment evaluator.’ The findings suggest that translation assessment in cyberspace is a subjective, contextualizing process where value, meaning, and function are often a matter of uptake. Furthermore, discourse-based approaches may play critical roles in examining translation assessment in cyberspace as a socially situated act that involves an intricate negotiation of meaning, complex workings of power, and a reconstitution of local social positioning within global cultural flows.
Discard Estimates from Self-Reported Catch Data: an Example from the U.S. Northeast Shelf
Authors: Bell Richard J. , Gervelis Brian , Chamberlain Glenn , Hoey John
Published: July 2017

Discarded catch can account for a significant amount of fishing mortality and can be a major source of uncertainty when calculating total removals for stock assessments and management. Observers provide estimates on the types and quantity of fish that are caught, but observer coverage of a fleet can often vary directly with funding. On the Northeast U.S. shelf, the Northeast Fisheries Observer Program (NEFOP) has collected data on catch and discards for assessment and management purposes since 1989. The Cooperative Research Study Fleet (hereafter “Study Fleet”), working with the Northeast Fisheries Science Center, collects self-reported catch and discards from commercial vessels; however, the Study Fleet program was not developed as an observer program, and these data are not used for management. The number of vessels reporting data in the Study Fleet program is much smaller than the total number of vessels recorded through the observer program (NEFOP plus the At-Sea Monitoring Program), and unlike the observer program, the Study Fleet program is not conducted within a statistically designed sampling program. We compared observer and Study Fleet data for six species collected with otter trawls from 2007 to 2014 to determine whether the reported kept catch and discard values and the total estimated discards from the two programs were similar. In general, the estimates of catch and discards were similar, but due to the large number of samples, significant differences were discernible. Of the 20 comparisons of total estimated discards between the two programs, 13 had similar magnitudes and trends, 4 had similar trends with different magnitudes, and 3 were not similar. Our results indicate that for the subset of species and gear tested, the fishing industry has the capacity to accurately self-report information. With a rigorous quality control program, including appropriate audit and compliance checks to ensure confidence in the data, programs collecting self-reported information for assessment and management may be possible in the future.

Received October 14, 2016; accepted May 26, 2017Published online September 5, 2017