bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peracetic Acid (PAA) Disinfection: Inactivation of Microbial Indicators and Pathogenic Bacteria in a Municipal Wastewater Plant
Authors: Bonetta Silvia , Pignata Cristina , Lorenzi Eugenio , De Ceglia Margherita , Meucci Lorenza , Bonetta Sara , Gilli Giorgio , Carraro Elisabetta
Published: June 2017

Several studies have noted that treated and untreated wastewaters are primary contributors of a variety of pathogenic microorganisms to the aquatic ecosystem. Conventional wastewater treatment may not be sufficient to achieve microbiologically safe effluent to be discharged into natural waters or reused, thus requiring wastewater effluents to be disinfected. In recent years, peracetic acid (PAA) has been adopted as a disinfectant for wastewater effluents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the disinfection efficiency of PAA at low doses (range 0.99–2.10 mg/L) against microbial indicators and pathogenic bacteria in a municipal wastewater plant. Samples of untreated sewage and effluents before and after PAA treatment were collected seasonally for 1 year and were analysed for pathogenic Campylobacter, Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli virulence genes using molecular methods; moreover, the detection of specific microbial indicators (E. coli, faecal coliforms, enterococci, C. perfringens) and Salmonella spp. were carried out using culturing methods. Salmonella spp. DNA was found in all untreated sewage and effluent before PAA treatment, whereas it was recovered in 50% of the samples collected after PAA treatment. Although E. coli O157:H7 was never identified, the occurrence of Shiga-like toxin I amplicons was identified in 75% of the untreated sewage samples, in 50% of the effluents assayed before PAA treatment, and in 25% of the effluents assayed after PAA treatment, whereas the stx2 gene was never found. Campylobacter coli was only detected in one effluent sample before PAA treatment. In the effluents after PAA treatment, a lower load of indicator bacteria was observed compared to the effluents before treatment. The results of this study highlight that the use of low doses of PAA seems to lead to an improvement of the microbiological quality of the effluent, although it is not sufficient to guarantee its suitability for irrigation. These results underscore the need for additional studies to further assess the efficiency of PAA disinfection in municipal wastewater plants.
Two-Dimensional Dam-Break Flood Analysis in Data-Scarce Regions: The Case Study of Chipembe Dam, Mozambique
Authors: Álvarez Manuel , Puertas Jerónimo , Peña Enrique , Bermúdez María
Published: June 2017

This paper presents the results of a modeling study of the hypothetical dam break of Chipembe dam in Mozambique. The modeling approach is based on the software Iber, a freely available dam break and two-dimensional finite volume shallow water model. The shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) online digital elevation model (DEM) is used as main source of topographic data. Two different DEMs are considered as input for the hydraulic model: a DEM based on the original SRTM data and a hydrologically-conditioned DEM. A sensitivity analysis on the Manning roughness coefficient is performed. The results demonstrate the relevant impact of the DEM used on the predicted flood wave propagation, and a lower influence of the roughness value. The low cost modeling approach proposed in this paper can be an attractive option for modeling exceptional flood caused by dam break, when limited data and resources are available, as in the presented case. The resulting flood-inundation and hazard maps will enable the Regional Water Management Administration of Mozambique (ARA) to develop early warning systems.
Les couteaux angkoriens de Trapeang Thlok et de Prasat Trapeang Ropou
Authors: Bâty Pierre
Published: June 2017

Pierre Bâty

“The Angkorian knives from Trapeang Thlok and Prasat Trapeang Ropou”

A group of iron knives dated to the 10th and 11th century CE was recently brought to light in Cambodia during archaeological excavations in the Angkor region and on the Phnom Kulen. Restoration work was carried out in France over four knife blades from these archaeological contexts. During the process, leather sheaths were found to have been preserved thanks to their impregnation by iron oxide. This essay provides a first attempt at building up a typology based on the very few contemporary finds of iron knives and from their representations at Angkor Vat and the Bayon. The use of leather during the Angkorian period appears never to have been documented so far by archaeologists. This discovery should restrain some preconceived notions about the “permanence of forms” of various kinds of tools. It also poses the question of the status of such tools: were they ostentatious, military, personal?
The Manifestation of the Absolute in the Phenomenal World: Nature Origination in Huayan Exegesis
Authors: Hamar Imre
Published: June 2017

Imre Hamar

“The Manifestation of the Absolute in the Phenomenal World: Nature Origination in Huayan Exegesis”

The concept of nature origination is a very important contribution made by Huayan Buddhism to the development of East Asian Buddhist philosophy. In this article we will discuss the meaning of this term in the Avataṃsaka-sūtra and the way in which Huayan exegetes interpreted it in their commentaries on this scripture. The chapter Manifestation of the Tathāgata of the Avataṃsaka-sūtra, where the term “nature origination” is found, describes the Tathāgata's appearance in the phenomenal world for the benefit of living beings. In addition, it declares that all sentient beings are endowed with the Tathāgata's wisdom. It will be shown that in the Huayan exegesis both aspects are taken into consideration, with special emphasis on Buddha-nature inherent in sentient beings and detached from cultivation. Under the influence of the religious and social environment the understanding of nature origination went through considerable changes during the history of Huayan Buddhism.
Le « grand bouleversement » (long trod là âât) : regards croisés sur la réforme agraire en République démocratique du Viêt Nam
Authors: Tessier Olivier
Published: June 2017

En République démocratique du Viêt Nam, l'application d'une réforme agraire radicale de 1953 à 1956 a permis, grâce à l'octroi d'un lopin de terre aux paysans les plus démunis, de revitaliser pour un temps l'agriculture du Nord du Viêt Nam. Cette réalité est indéniable, tout comme le sont les graves excès et dérives idéologiques, souvent violents, qui furent commis en son nom. La dimension politique de cette réforme, le poids de l'environnement politico-militaire national et international, notamment la prégnance d'un schéma idéologique importé de Chine, ont été principalement décrits et analysés sous une focale large visant à embrasser la globalité historique et événementielle. La démarche proposée dans cet article est quelque peu différente. Elle s'attache à poser un regard croisé sur la réforme agraire en jouant sur les échelles d'observation et en s'intéressant aux conséquences locales qu'ont eues les grandes options politiques des nouveaux maîtres de Hà Nôi dans un village de la province de Phu Tho, le village de Hay, sur la façon dont ces choix ont été vécus, perçus et reformulés par ceux « d'en bas », sur l'empreinte qu'ils ont laissé dans leur mémoire. Cet exercice de va-et-vient entre le cadre imposé par les autorités centrales et sa réalisation concrète sur le terrain montre qu'à l'échelle villageoise, la réforme a non seulement provoqué une redistribution des moyens de production mais a également, et peut-être surtout, transformé les espaces sociaux locaux en changeant radicalement la donne sociale, politique et religieuse. La reformulation autoritaire de l'espace villageois, l'exclusion de certains groupes de parenté, le remaniement complet de la trame du pouvoir local, la destruction des lieux de culte, sont parmi les illustrations les plus symptomatiques de la volonté de refonte de collectivités paysannes jugées arriérées et féodales afin de donner naissance à « l'Homme nouveau ».
Inscribing Sumatra : Perceptions of Place and Space in Acehnese and Minangkabau Royal Letters
Authors: Drakard Jane
Published: June 2017

Cet article étudie la culture politique de Sumatra par le biais d'une analyse spatiale et de la lecture approfondie de lettres royales provenant de deux régions différentes de l'île. Dans chaque cas, les sources locales examinées révèlent une préoccupation plus exigeante du temps et de l'espace que ne le suggèrent les témoignages européens. À Aceh comme en pays Minangkabau, la récitation des noms de lieux fait partie intégrante du discours énonçant la relation entre un souverain et la sphère où s'exerce son pouvoir. On peut cependant y discerner deux modes relationnels très différents : une analyse fine de ces matériaux révèle deux perceptions divergentes de la gouvernance et permet une meilleure appréciation du rôle essentiel des relations spatiales dans la culture politique pré-moderne de Sumatra.
Wang Tingne Unveiled through the Study of the Late Ming Woodblock-Printed Book Renjing Yangqiu
Authors: Lin Lichiang
Published: June 2017

Wang Tingne est un marchand originaire de Huizhou actif à la fin de la dynastie des Ming. Éditeur célèbre, il produisit des ouvrages de différents genres mais qui furent tous des publications de qualité et qui finirent ainsi par exercer une influence considérable sur la production illustrée de cette période, surtout dans la région allant de Huizhou à Nankin. Cet article est une étude de cas de son énorme ouvrage publié aux alentours de 1600 : le Renjing yangqiu. Comme il s'agit de l'œuvre d'un membre des élites marchandes de Huizhou, en plein essor à ce moment-là, ce livre est un bon exemple pour analyser les stratégies que les marchands appliquaient tant pour développer leur commerce que pour bâtir leur réputation. Le Renjing yangqiu comprend 558 biographies exemplaires, dont 60 et 117 proviennent respectivement du Dijian tushuo et 60 du Yangzheng tujie. La dimension de la publication est également révélatrice des ambitions de son auteur. L'analyse de la stratégie éditoriale de Wang Tingne fournit un éclairage sur les façons dont -grâce à leur argent et à des attitudes flexibles -les marchands de Huizhou alimentaient et contrôlaient production et discours culturels : par ce biais, nous pourrons élargir nos connaissances sur la culture visuelle et la culture des marchands de la fin des Ming.
Perception et pratique de l'espace maritime par les fonctionnaires chinois (XIXe - début du XIXe siècle)
Authors: Calanca Paola
Published: June 2017

À l'heure où la Chine affiche son ambition maritime, il était important de revenir sur le long processus d'élargissement de l'espace maritime par le gouvernement durant la période comprise entre le XIVe et le début du XIXe siècle. Une époque importante car elle marque, d'une part, les prémices de l'intégration définitive du littoral au dispositif sécuritaire de l'empire, à travers l'établissement d'un système de fortifications couvrant l'ensemble de la côte à partir du début des Ming et, d'autre part, la remise en cause de cette organisation avec l'irruption des puissances européennes sur le sol chinois. Il s'est ainsi agi de comprendre comment cet espace a été appréhendé par la cour et ses représentants selon les époques, en étudiant la terminologie employée pour le désigner et en analysant les acceptions de neihai (la mer intérieure) et de waihai (la haute mer), lorsque ces termes sont utilisés pour évoquer l'incorporation de certaines îles à l'empire.
Les dynamiques sociales des migrations vietnamiennes et le faux paradoxe du « pays natal » (quê huong)
Authors: Hardy Andrew
Published: June 2017

À partir de 1945, le gouvernement révolutionnaire reprit le terme (litt. thoât ly séparation) pour inciter les jeunes Vietnamiens à rompre avec la tradition villageoise et familiale et à suivre le mouvement de libération nationale. C'est le point de départ de cette étude d'une culture socio-politique pré-révolutionnaire qui, par le biais d'un système de valeurs morales s'inspirant du confucianisme populaire, liait les habitants à leur village, à la terre de leurs ancêtres, à leur « pays natal » (que huang). Cette culture politique nous permet de mieux comprendre l'histoire de l'expansion vietnamienne vers le Sud (nam tiên), car la mobilité des Vietnamiens se nourrissait, selon l'argument présenté ici, de la notion même du « pays natal » : la morale qui liait les membres des collectivités rurales entre eux représentait un réfèrent culturel constitutif de réseaux sociaux et ces réseaux sociaux donnaient lieu à une forte dynamique migratoire. Selon cette lecture de l'histoire vietnamienne, le paradoxe d'un peuple à la fois solidement attaché au pays natal et pourtant fortement expansionniste n'en est pas un : cette dimension du confucianisme populaire servait aussi bien à promouvoir les départs du village qu'à les empêcher.
Le musée de Vat Phu et les collections archéologiques de Champassak
Authors: Hawixbrock Christine
Published: June 2017

Le musée de Vat Phu abrite une importante collection de quelque 2000 pièces, dont près de 300 sont exposées depuis 2004 dans un bâtiment construit aux pieds du temple de Vat Phu, inscrit au Patrimoine mondial par l'Unesco en 2001. Cet article donne pour la première fois une vision d'ensemble de ce fonds, constitué à partir des années 1980 par la collecte d'objets sur les sites archéologiques de la région et enrichi des découvertes faites lors des fouilles et prospections plus récentes des équipes laotiennes et internationales ; la collection inclut aussi l' ex-collection particulière du Prince Boun Oum na Champassak, intégrée au patrimoine national lao à la fin des années 1970. Si l'art bouddhique laotien est bien représenté par une série de pièces datant du XVIIe au XXe siècle, la part majeure de la collection est dévolue à l'art khmer, contribuant à placer le musée de Vat Phu au premier plan parmi les collections muséales du Laos. Ces pièces illustrent la richesse artistique et l'importance historique de ce territoire dans la construction du futur État khmer à compter du Ve siècle, puis le souci constant des monarques angkoriens d'entretenir le sanctuaire de Vat Phu jusqu'au XIIIe siècle.
La conservation des monuments de Vat Phu : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Pichard Pierre
Published: June 2017

L'ensemble monumental de Vat Phu a été l'objet de plusieurs études épigraphiques et architecturales de 1902 à 1956. Pourtant, lorsque le site a été inscrit sur la Liste du patrimoine mondial de l'Unesco en 2001, ses bâtiments étaient encore dans l'état où Francis Garnier les avait décrits en 1871, rendus seulement plus accessibles par le contrôle de la végétation. Après une large prospection archéologique par des équipes française et italienne, ce n'est qu'en 2004 que des travaux de conservation ont été entrepris avec la coopération technique de plusieurs pays : le Japon a réalisé des travaux de drainage en amont du site et construit un musée pour abriter les pièces sculptées ; l'Italie, depuis 2005, et la France, depuis 2007, restaurent les parties écroulées ou les plus instables de deux bâtiments à la base du complexe, et une équipe indienne a entrepris en 2010 la conservation du quadrangle nord.
Les Yasodharàsrama, marqueurs d'empire et bornes sacrées : conformité et spécificité des stèles digraphiques khmères de la région de Vat Phu
Authors: Estève Julia , Soutif Dominique
Published: June 2017

L'épigraphie de Yasovarman Ier commémore la création, par ce roi, d'une centaine d''àsrama dans l'ensemble de son empire. Pourtant, malgré leur importance manifeste, nous serions bien en peine d'identifier ces lieux sans doute essentiellement construits en matériaux légers, s'ils n'étaient signalés par des inscriptions qui célèbrent leur fondation

- les stèles digraphiques -, dont seize ont été identifiées à ce jour. Nous nous intéresserons ici à deux d'entre-elles qui proviennent de la région de Vat Phu : une stèle complète découverte dans le sanctuaire de Houay Tomo (K. 362) et deux groupes de fragments découverts, à proximité de Vat Phu, à trente ans d'intervalle, dont on démontrera qu'ils appartiennent à une même stèle (K. 1005). Une fois reconstitué, le texte permet d'associer l'àsrama au dieu de Vat Phu, Bhadresvara. L'étude de ces textes, et notamment de leur spécificité par rapport aux autres stèles digraphiques, nous permettra de souligner l'importance de ces institutions religieuses, en particulier leur rôle de vecteur de transmission du pouvoir royal à un moment clé de la constitution de l'empire khmer. Enfin, nous verrons que ces àsrama étaient associés à des sanctuaires vénérables, dont bien souvent, la fondation remonte au moins à la période préangkorienne. Partant de ce constat et des différents rôles assignés aux àsrama, nous nous attacherons à montrer en quoi la connaissance de ces fondations permettra, à terme, de dresser une carte tant politique que religieuse de l'empire khmer à la fin du IXe siècle.
A First-Century Stele from Sriksetra
Authors: Gutman Pamela , Hudson Bob
Published: June 2017

A stele discovered at Sriksetra (Sriksetra) central Burma can now be attributed to the beginning of the first millennium CE, and is therefore the earliest Indie sculpture yet found in Southeast Asia. Nearly 150 cm high, it depicts on one side a great man with two attendants and on the other, an empty throne. Stylistically it can be shown to be related to the early art of Central and South India when Buddhist and Brahmanical iconographies were beginning to evolve. After an outline of recent research on early urban sites in Burma the stele is placed in its archaeological context, the first occupation phase of Sriksetra. The central figure on the front can be compared to yaksa figures at Sanchi and his turban also suggests a connection with Kanganhalli. He carries a large club, symbolising his power. His two attendants carry garuda and cakradhvajas, and it is suggested that the central figure might be a localised pre-Kushanic form of Vasudeva-Krsna, a deity in the process of becoming associated with kingship, power and wealth. The empty throne on the other side, similarly depicted from Bharhut to Amaravati, represents the place of the Buddha's Enlightenment, Bodhgaya. Buddhism, which had become institutionalised in South India in the post-Mauryan period had, together with the Bhâgavata tradition, followed old-established trade routes to Burma.
The first plaster casts of Angkor for the French métropole: From the Mekong Mission 1866-1868, and the Universal Exhibition of 1867, to the Musée khmer of 1874
Authors: Falser Michael s.
Published: June 2017

The 12th-century Cambodian temple of Angkor Wat was staged during the Exposition coloniale internationale of 1931 in Paris as probably the largest architectural reconstitution of a non-European structure ever built on the European continent, and has counted, since then, as an architectural masterpiece in the (Occidental) canon of art historiography. The beginnings of the temple's French 'career' in the 1860s and early 1870s have however remained quite unknown until today. To shed light on these earliest circumstances of the physical transfer of Angkor's gigantic temple architecture in the medium of plaster casts for the European public is the general aim of this paper. In order to conceptualize more specifically what was also a symbolic transfer of a declared patrimoine culturel from the colonial Orient into the centre of French colonial power, we employ the term 'translation'. Yet, given the prevalent focus on texts and images, techniques of direct material translation -such as plaster casts- are rarely discussed in scientific literature, and the analysis of the casts' importance in colonial politics as such remains a desideratum. To sum up, this paper explores the hypothesis that plaster casts were a powerful translation tool used to appropriate the famous Khmer temples of Angkor for a colonial heritage representation in the French métropole. Our study focuses on the earliest five stages of what was to lead to an art historical canonization of Angkor in Europe : 1) the first French casts from Angkor Wat as executed in the context of the French Mekong Expedition of 1866-1868 ; 2) the casts' embedding in the classification générale of the Parisian Universal Exhibition of 1867 ; 3) the picturesque display modes of Oriental plaster casts in the Exposition permanente des colonies, 4) the first explicit plaster cast mission to Angkor under Louis Delaporte in 1873, which finally led 5) to the foundation of the Musée khmer in Compiègne in 1874 as the first of its kind in Europe.
Gravestones and candi stones. Reflections on the grave complex of Troloyo
Authors: Sidomulyo Hadi
Published: June 2017

Cet article concerne le vaste complexe funéraire de Troloyo, situé au sud de l'ancien palais de Majapahit, dans le district de Trowulan (Mojokerto, Java-Est). Depuis la publication en 1957 par Louis-Charles Damais de l'article influent intitulé « Études javanaises : I. Les tombes musulmanes datées de Trâlâyâ », il est resté d'usage parmi les chercheurs de considérer les tombes datées de Troloyo comme étant les premières preuves concrètes de l'existence d'une communauté islamique à Java, qui attesteraient la présence de musulmans de haut rang à la cour de Majapahit dès la moitié du XIVe siècle. Cet article réexamine les arguments de Damais, en se fondant sur de nouvelles données de terrain dont, en particulier, une importante collection de pierres datées conservée au musée de Trowulan.

L'auteur partage les réserves des observateurs du début du XXe siècle et présente des arguments pour mettre en doute la fonction originale de plusieurs pierres servant aujourd'hui de marqueur de tombe à Troloyo ; ceci remet en cause l'authenticité du site funéraire tout entier. Les fondations de la thèse de l'article de Damais s'en trouvent mises en doute. Il n'est pas possible de tirer de conclusion ferme des données disponibles, mais l'auteur prescrit tout à la fois plus de prudence lorsqu'on prend à la lettre la valeur historique des « pierres tombales » de Troloyo, et recommande que soit menée une étude plus approfondie des données épigraphiques et archéologiques pour le XVe siècle à Java.
The Three Mao Lords in modem Jiangnan. Cult and Pilgrimage between Daoism and baojuan recitation
Authors: Berezkin Rostislav , Goossaert Vincent
Published: June 2017

Maoshan southeast of Nanjing, is home to the Three Mao brothers Local deities as early as the Han dynasty, they were promoted high up in Heavenly bureaucracy by the Shangqing tradition (fourth century). Yet, when Shangqing Daoism dissolved during the early second millennium, the cult thrived as never before ; it is the object of a massive pilgrimage in the modern period. Therefore, we argue that a new form of the cult formed in and around Maoshan by the Qing period, and that three types of religious specialists have participated in shaping it : Daoists, spirit-mediums and performers of popular narratives, baojuan.

Drawing on published sources as well as on manuscripts and fieldwork material, the article argues that while the Daoists have continued to try to shape the cult from Maoshan during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, by far the largest textual production on the cult was that of baojuan. Our survey shows that several versions of the Sanmao baojuan incorporate the Daoist vision of these deities while adding lay and local concerns, thus forming a tradition of vernacular scriptures. One can further compare this situation with other popular cults in Jiangnan. We conclude that understanding the development of modern Jiangnan religious culture requires an analysis of interaction between Daoists, mediums and baojuan performers, who co-operate in ritual activities.
Population genetic structure of the rock outcrop species Encholirium spectabile (Bromeliaceae): The role of pollination vs. seed dispersal and evolutionary implications
Authors: Gonçalves‐Oliveira Rodrigo C. , Wöhrmann Tina , Benko‐Iseppon Ana M. , Krapp Florian , Alves Marccus , Wanderley Maria das Graças L. , Weising Kurt
Published: June 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Inselbergs are terrestrial, island‐like rock outcrop environments that present a highly adapted flora. The epilithic bromeliad Encholirium spectabile is a dominant species on inselbergs in the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. We conducted a population genetic analysis to test whether the substantial phenotypic diversity of E. spectabile could be explained by limited gene flow among populations and to assess the relative impact of pollen vs. seed dispersal on the genetic structure of the species.

METHODS:

Nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers were used to genotype E. spectabile individuals from 20 rock outcrop locations, representing four geographic regions: northern Espinhaço Range, Borborema Plateau, southwestern Caatinga and southeastern Caatinga. F‐statistics, structure, and other tools were applied to evaluate the genetic makeup of populations.

KEY RESULTS:

Considerable levels of genetic diversity were revealed. Genetic structuring among populations was stronger on the plastid as compared with the nuclear level, indicating higher gene flow via bat pollination as compared with seed dispersal by wind. structure and AMOVA analyses of the nuclear data suggested a high genetic differentiation between two groups, one containing all populations from the southeastern Caatinga and the other one comprising all remaining samples.

CONCLUSIONS:

The strong genetic differentiation between southeastern Caatinga and the remaining regions may indicate the occurrence of a cryptic species in E. spectabile. The unique genetic composition of each inselberg population suggests in situ conservation as the most appropriate protection measure for this plant lineage.
Seedling response to environmental variability: The relationship between phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary history in closely relatedEucalyptusspecies
Authors: Rutherford Susan , Bonser Stephen P. , Wilson Peter G. , Rossetto Maurizio
Published: June 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Phenotypic plasticity is an important means through which organisms cope with environmental variability. We investigated seedling plasticity in the green ash eucalypts within a phylogenetic framework to examine the relationship between plasticity and evolutionary history. The green ashes are a diverse group, which include the tallest flowering plant in the world (Eucalyptus regnans) and a rare mallee less than 1 m tall (E. cunninghamii).

METHODS:

Seedlings of 12 species were exposed to high and low nutrient and water availability in a factorial experiment. Leaf trait and total plant plasticity were evaluated using the phenotypic plasticity index. A phylogeny of the species was estimated using genome‐wide scans.

KEY RESULTS:

We found significant differences in functional traits across species, growth forms, and substrates in response to changes in resource availability. Many traits (e.g., leaf width) were highly plastic for most species. Interspecific differences in leaf‐level plasticity was significant, however plasticity was not correlated with phylogeny. Species with broader environmental niches had higher leaf‐level plasticity than species with narrower environmental ranges.

CONCLUSIONS:

Plastic responses to environmental variability can differ widely among closely related species, and plasticity is therefore likely to be associated with many factors, including habitat and range size, as well as evolutionary history. Our results provided insights for species delimitation inEucalyptus, which have management implications. Because of the high number of rare species and that other species are commercially important, a more comprehensive understanding of plasticity is essential for predicting their response to changing climates.
BUCKLING AND POST-BUCKLING OF PRESTRESSED STAINLESS STEEL STAYED COLUMNS
Authors: PICHAL Radek , MACHACEK Josef
Published: June 2017

Prestressed stayed compression members are frequently required as very slender load-bearing structural components by both investors and architects. Behavior of these members depends on their geometrical and material properties, prestressing and boundary conditions. In the paper are discussed respective critical buckling loads and post-buckling paths with regards to 2D and 3D GMNIA (geometrically and materially nonlinear analysis with imperfections) using ANSYS software. Former tests and recent detailed analyses of other authors are commented with respect to the 3D analysis, level of imperfections, boundary conditions at central crossarm (fixed or sliding stays) and nonlinear stainless steel material.
JONO BUKEVIČIAUS, DAIVOS BURKŠAITIENĖS, NARIMANTO KAZIMIERO PALIULIO, JONO ŽAPTORIAUS VADOVĖLIO „APSKAITA VADYBININKAMS“ RECENZIJA
Authors: Mackevičius Jonas
Published: June 2017

VGTU leidykla „Technika“ išleido vadovėlį „Apskaita vadybininkams“ (Vilnius: Technika, 2009. 318 p.), kurį parašė šio universiteto dėstytojai – doc. J. Bukevičius, doc. D. Burkšaitienė, prof. N. K. Paliulis ir doc. J. Žaptorius. Tai pirmasis apskaitos vadovėlis vadybininkams Lietuvoje. Anksčiau išleisti apskaitos vadovėliai ar mokomosios knygos1 buvo skirti buhalterinės apskaitos specialistams. Šio vadovėlio tikslas – pateikti vadybos studentams žinių apie apskaitą, jos informacijos rūšis, duomenų kaupimą ir naudojimą. Vadovėlyje atskleidžiamos pagrindinės apskaitos pagrindų, finansinės ir valdymo apskaitos sąvokos, nagrinėjami apskaitos informacijos ypatumai ir jos pateikimo būdai.
Excess Galactic Molecular Absorption Toward the Radio Galaxy 3C 111
Authors: Tombesi F. , Reynolds C. S. , Mushotzky R. F. , Behar E.
Published: June 2017

We show the combined spectral analysis of Chandra high-energy transmission grating and XMM-Newton reflection-grating spectrometer observations of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 111. This source is known to show excess neutral absorption with respect to the one estimated from 21 cm radio surveys of atomic H i in the Galaxy. However, previous works were not able to constrain the origin of such an absorber as local to our Milky Way or intrinsic to the source (z = 0.0485). The high signal-to-noise grating spectra allow us to constrain the excess absorption as being due to intervening gas in the Milky Way, and we estimate a time-averaged total column density of

cm−2, a factor of two higher than the tabulated H i value. We recommend using the total average Galactic column density estimated here when studying 3C 111. The origin of the extra Galactic absorption of

cm−2 is likely due to molecular gas associated with the Taurus molecular cloud complex toward 3C 111, which is our nearest star-forming region. We also detect a weak (EW = 16 ± 10 eV) and narrow (FWMH < 5500 km s−1, consistent with optical Hα) Fe Kα emission line at E = 6.4 keV, likely from the torus in the central regions of 3C 111, and we place an upper limit on the column density of a possible intrinsic warm absorber of N
H < 2.5 × 1020 cm−2. These complexities make 3C 111 a very promising object for studying both the intrinsic properties of this active radio galaxy and the Galactic interstellar medium, if used as a background source.
Improved Diffuse Foreground Subtraction with the ILC Method: CMB Map and Angular Power Spectrum Using Planck and WMAP Observations
Authors: Sudevan Vipin , Aluri Pavan K. , Yadav Sarvesh Kumar , Saha Rajib , Souradeep Tarun
Published: June 2017

We report an improved technique for diffuse foreground minimization from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) maps using a new multiphase iterative harmonic space internal-linear-combination (HILC) approach. Our method nullifies a foreground leakage that was present in the old and usual iterative HILC method. In phase 1 of the multiphase technique, we obtain an initial cleaned map using the single iteration HILC approach over the desired portion of the sky. In phase 2, we obtain a final CMB map using the iterative HILC approach; however, now, to nullify the leakage, during each iteration, some of the regions of the sky that are not being cleaned in the current iteration are replaced by the corresponding cleaned portions of the phase 1 map. We bring all input frequency maps to a common and maximum possible beam and pixel resolution at the beginning of the analysis, which significantly reduces data redundancy, memory usage, and computational cost, and avoids, during the HILC weight calculation, the deconvolution of partial sky harmonic coefficients by the azimuthally symmetric beam and pixel window functions, which in a strict mathematical sense, are not well defined. Using WMAP 9 year and Planck 2015 frequency maps, we obtain foreground-cleaned CMB maps and a CMB angular power spectrum for the multipole range

. Our power spectrum matches the published Planck results with some differences at different multipole ranges. We validate our method by performing Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, we show that the weights for HILC foreground minimization have the intrinsic characteristic that they also tend to produce a statistically isotropic CMB map.
Properties of Spectrally Defined Red QSOs at z = 0.3–1.2
Authors: Tsai A.-L. , Hwang C.-Y.
Published: June 2017

We investigated the properties of a sample of red Quasi-stellar Objects (QSOs) using optical, radio, and infrared data. These QSOs were selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 quasar catalog. We only selected sources with sky coverage in the Very Large Array Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-centimeters survey, and searched for sources with Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer counterparts. We defined the spectral color of the QSOs based on the flux ratio of the rest-frame 4000 to 3000 Å continuum emission to select red QSOs and typical QSOs. In accordance with this criterion, only QSOs with redshifts between 0.3 and 1.2 could be selected. We found that red QSOs have stronger infrared emission than typical QSOs. We noted that the number ratios of red QSOs to typical QSOs decrease with increasing redshifts, although the number of typical QSOs increase with redshifts. Furthermore, at high redshifts, the luminosity distributions of typical QSOs and red QSOs seem to have similar peaks; however, at low redshifts, the luminosities of red QSOs seem to be lower than those of  typical QSOs. These findings suggest that there might be at least two types of red QSOs in our QSO samples.
Formation of Glycerol through Hydrogenation of CO Ice under Prestellar Core Conditions
Authors: Fedoseev G. , Chuang K.-J. , Ioppolo S. , Qasim D. , Dishoeck E. F. van , Linnartz H.
Published: June 2017

Observational studies reveal that complex organic molecules (COMs) can be found in various objects associated with different star formation stages. The identification of COMs in prestellar cores, i.e., cold environments in which thermally induced chemistry can be excluded and radiolysis is limited by cosmic rays and cosmic-ray-induced UV photons, is particularly important as this stage sets up the initial chemical composition from which ultimately stars and planets evolve. Recent laboratory results demonstrate that molecules as complex as glycolaldehyde and ethylene glycol are efficiently formed on icy dust grains via nonenergetic atom addition reactions between accreting H atoms and CO molecules, a process that dominates surface chemistry during the “CO freeze-out stage” in dense cores. In the present study we demonstrate that a similar mechanism results in the formation of the biologically relevant molecule glycerol—HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH—a three-carbon-bearing sugar alcohol necessary for the formation of membranes of modern living cells and organelles. Our experimental results are fully consistent with a suggested reaction scheme in which glycerol is formed along a chain of radical–radical and radical–molecule interactions between various reactive intermediates produced upon hydrogenation of CO ice or its hydrogenation products. The tentative identification of the chemically related simple sugar glyceraldehyde—HOCH2CH(OH)CHO—is discussed as well. These new laboratory findings indicate that the proposed reaction mechanism holds much potential to form even more complex sugar alcohols and simple sugars.
Unveiling the Role of the Magnetic Field at the Smallest Scales of Star Formation
Authors: Hull Charles L. H. , Mocz Philip , Burkhart Blakesley , Goodman Alyssa A. , Girart Josep M. , Cortés Paulo C. , Hernquist Lars , Springel Volker , Li Zhi-Yun , Lai Shih-Ping
Published: June 2017

We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of polarized dust emission from the protostellar source Ser-emb 8 at a linear resolution of 140 au. Assuming models of dust-grain alignment hold, the observed polarization pattern gives a projected view of the magnetic field structure in this source. Contrary to expectations based on models of strongly magnetized star formation, the magnetic field in Ser-emb 8 does not exhibit an hourglass morphology. Combining the new ALMA data with previous observational studies, we can connect magnetic field structure from protostellar core (∼80,000 au) to disk (∼100 au) scales. We compare our observations with four magnetohydrodynamic gravo-turbulence simulations made with the AREPO code that have initial conditions ranging from super-Alfvénic (weakly magnetized) to sub-Alfvénic (strongly magnetized). These simulations achieve the spatial dynamic range necessary to resolve the collapse of protostars from the parsec scale of star-forming clouds down to the ∼100 au scale probed by ALMA. Only in the very strongly magnetized simulation do we see both the preservation of the field direction from cloud to disk scales and an hourglass-shaped field at <1000 au scales. We conduct an analysis of the relative orientation of the magnetic field and the density structure in both the Ser-emb 8 ALMA observations and the synthetic observations of the four AREPO simulations. We conclude that the Ser-emb 8 data are most similar to the weakly magnetized simulations, which exhibit random alignment, in contrast to the strongly magnetized simulation, where the magnetic field plays a role in shaping the density structure in the source. In the weak-field case, it is turbulence—not the magnetic field—that shapes the material that forms the protostar, highlighting the dominant role that turbulence can play across many orders of magnitude in spatial scale.
Calibration of AGN Reverberation Distance Measurements
Authors: Koshida Shintaro , Yoshii Yuzuru , Kobayashi Yukiyasu , Minezaki Takeo , Enya Keigo , Suganuma Masahiro , Tomita Hiroyuki , Aoki Tsutomu , Peterson Bruce A.
Published: June 2017

In Yoshii et al., we described a new method for measuring extragalactic distances based on dust reverberation in active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and we validated our new method with Cepheid variable stars. In this Letter, we validate our new method with Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that occurred in two of the AGN host galaxies during our AGN monitoring program: SN 2004bd in NGC 3786 and SN 2008ec in NGC 7469. Their multicolor light curves were observed and analyzed using two widely accepted methods for measuring SN distances, and the distance moduli derived are

for SN 2004bd and 33.83 ± 0.07 for SN 2008ec. These results are used to obtain independently the distance measurement calibration factor, g. The g value obtained from the SN Ia discussed in this Letter is

, which matches, within the range of 1σ uncertainty,

, previously calculated ab initio in Yoshii et al. Having validated our new method for measuring extragalactic distances, we use our new method to calibrate reverberation distances derived from variations of Hβ emission in the AGN broad-line region, extending the Hubble diagram to

where distinguishing between cosmologies is becoming possible.
Probing Extreme-density Matter with Gravitational-wave Observations of Binary Neutron Star Merger Remnants
Authors: Radice David , Bernuzzi Sebastiano , Pozzo Walter Del , Roberts Luke F. , Ott Christian D.
Published: June 2017

We present a proof-of-concept study, based on numerical-relativity simulations, of how gravitational waves (GWs) from neutron star merger remnants can probe the nature of matter at extreme densities. Phase transitions and extra degrees of freedom can emerge at densities beyond those reached during the inspiral, and typically result in a softening of the equation of state (EOS). We show that such physical effects change the qualitative dynamics of the remnant evolution, but they are not identifiable as a signature in the GW frequency, with the exception of possible black hole formation effects. The EOS softening is, instead, encoded in the GW luminosity and phase and is in principle detectable up to distances of the order of several megaparsecs with advanced detectors and up to hundreds of megaparsecs with third-generation detectors. Probing extreme-density matter will require going beyond the current paradigm and developing a more holistic strategy for modeling and analyzing postmerger GW signals.
Analysis of Factors that Influence Hematopoietic Recovery in Autologous Transplanted Patients with Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Peripheral Blood
Authors: Grubovic Rada M. , Georgievski Borce , Cevreska Lidija , Genadieva-Stavric Sonja , Grubovic Milos R.
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) requires a rapid and durable hematopoietic recovery.AIM: The aim of our study was to analyse factors that influence hematopoietic recovery after autologous HSCT.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse factors affecting neutrophil and platelet engraftment in 90 autologous transplanted patients â€“ 30 with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), 30 with lymphoma and 30 with multiple myeloma (MM) from 2008 till 2016.RESULTS: The neutrophil recovery in AML patients was significantly influenced by transfusion support with random-donor platelets, sex and number of transplanted mononuclear cells (MNC) and CD34+ cells; and in lymphoma patients, it was influenced by sex, age, mobilisation strategy and some transplanted MNC. The influence of investigated factors on neutrophil engraftment in MM patients was not statistically significant. The platelet recovery in AML patients was influenced by transfusion support with random-donor platelets; in lymphoma patients, it was influenced by sex, age, time from diagnosis to harvesting and time from diagnosis to HSCT; and in MM patients it was influenced by transfusion support with random-donor platelets.CONCLUSION: Additional studies are necessary to better understanding of engraftment kinetic to improve the safety of HSCT and to minimise potential complications and expenses related to HSCT.
Association among Thyroid Dysfunction, Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis and Eczema in Children with Alopecia Areata
Authors: Ghaffari Javad , Rokni Ghasem Rahmatpour , Kazeminejad Armaghan , Abedi Hosein
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata is a non-scarring hair loss, which typically starts quickly. Atopy is one of the possible predisposing risk factors for this condition.AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid disease, atopic dermatitis and allergic diseases in children with alopecia areata and compare the results with healthy individuals.METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 50 patients with alopecia areata, diagnosed by a dermatologist, and 150 healthy individuals as the control group. Participants filled the questionnaires, and necessary tests were performed.RESULTS: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 2.55 Â± 14.26 and 3.19 Â± 11.92 in the case and control groups, respectively. Prevalence of asthma was 22% in the case group and 12.5% in control group (P = 0.109). Also, allergic rhinitis and eczema were observed in 20% and 22% of the subjects of the case group, whereas they were reported to be 8% and 10% in the control group (PV = 0.03 and 0.175, respectively). Moreover, 28% and 8% of the participants in the case and control groups had a family history of atopy and allergic disorders, respectively (P = 0.046). A significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding gender, type of delivery and contact with animals.CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, a significant association was observed between the prevalence of alopecia areata and atopic conditions, such as allergic rhinitis and history of atopic dermatitis.
New Surgical Technologies Could Facilitate Surgical Hemostasis in Hemophilic Patients
Authors: Panovski Milcho J. , Fildishevski Igor V. , Ognjenovic Ljubomir Lj. , Dejanova-Ilijevska Violeta I.
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Itâ€™s assumed that surgery in haemophilia can be accomplished these days safely.AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of new surgical technologies in the perioperative management and outcome of surgical procedures in haemophiliacs.METHODS: Two patients with mild haemophilia A underwent surgery (laparoscopic appendectomy and inguinal hernia repair). In both patients, the replacement therapy, with factor VIII, started 30 min before surgery. We used the available surgical technologies and techniques with a proven value in the best clinical practice, to achieve proper and permanent hemostasis. Postoperatively, the replacement therapy and thromboembolic prophylaxis was continued according to the international guidelines for the management of haemophilia.RESULTS: The operative and post-operative periods were uneventful. No significant differences were found in the operation time in our hemophilic patients versus non-hemophilic patients. Significant differences related to the hospital stay duration were found in both patients compared with controls, due to the necessary replacement therapy.CONCLUSION: With new surgical technologies, proper and permanent hemostasis can be achieved, without prolonging the operation time.
New Safety Margins for Melanoma Surgery: Nice Possibility for Drinking of "Just That Cup of Coffee"?
Authors: Tchernev Georgi , Chokoeva Anastasiya Atanasova
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCCâ€™s) skin melanoma surgical treatment recommendations from 2011 are characterised by a prima facie "freedom of choice" regarding how extensive should be the excisions for melanomas with tumour thickness up to 2 mm and melanoma in situ. It is unclear why the recommended surgical security margins vary between 0.5 and 1 cm for melanoma in situ, whereas for melanomas with a tumour thickness of up to 1.99 mm, the range of variation is also between 1 and 2 cm, without specifying when the surgical field should be broader and, narrower, accordingly. This "uncertainty or lack of intent" of the guilders often leads to the same surgical approach to melanomas at different stages, or to a different approach in cases of melanomas at the same stage, in contrast. Therefore, this should be defined as wrong, logically.CASE PRESENTATION: We present 3 patients with cutaneous melanomas, treated with similar fields of surgical security. Current issues, generated within the framework of melanomaâ€™s surgery guided by the recommendations of the AJCC are also discussed. A new surgical approach in patients with melanoma is recommended, discussed for the first time in world literature. We hypothesize that the introduction of a certain recommendations for a 2 cm surgical field in all directions during the initial excision, combined with the parallel performance of a sentinel lymph node biopsy, will lead in fact to several important advantages: 1) avoiding of the secondary excision in at least 70% - 90% of the patients (depending on the tumor thickness), 2) minimizing the risk of lymphatic effusion change and misinterpretation of the sentinel lymph node biopsyâ€™s results in patients with secondary excision; 3) optimization of the surgical teamâ€™s work; 4) minimizing the possibility of unprepared/uninformed personnel to take part in decisions for treating a specific disease such as skin melanoma, 4) facilitating the appropriate patientsâ€™ group selection at the appropriate stage when involving them in different studies, leading to equal leveling of the initial positions;CONCLUSION: Whether the proposed approach will be subjected to a detailed discussion of AJCCâ€™s expertâ€™s remains currently unclear.