bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La fisioterapia en los sistemas de salud: marco teórico y fundamentos para una práctica integral
Authors: Bispo Júnior José Patrício
Published: October 2021

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un marco conceptual para ampliar el alcance de la fisioterapia en los sistemas sanitarios. En la primera parte, se discuten los conceptos de la profesión, el objeto de estudio y el campo de prácticas. Se subraya la adopción del concepto ampliado de salud y no solo el enfoque en la discapacidad. En la segunda parte, se discuten cuatro modelos teóricos: el modelo de la patokinesiología; la teoría del movimiento continuo; el modelo de medición de la capacidad de movimiento; y la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud. En la tercera parte, se presenta el papel de los fisioterapeutas en los sistemas sanitarios. El modelo propone la actuación en la atención primaria, secundaria y terciaria, en la vigilancia y en la gestión sanitaria. Así, se busca fundamentar la acción en la promoción de la salud, la prevención de enfermedades y discapacidades, la cura y la rehabilitación.
Primary ‘False’ Enterolith
Authors: Salpekar Radhika , Rao Shrividya , Gowda Chiranth , Rodrigues Gabriel
Published: October 2021

NONE
Seasonal Water Crises and Social Dilemmas in Semi-Arid Areas of the Lake Zone of Tanzania
Authors: Laizer L. M , Gibson R.W , Lukonge E
Published: October 2021

The absence of formal institutions regulating water resources indicated a need to examine how informal governance works in semi-arid areas of the Lake Zone of Tanzania. Ostrom’s theory of common property resources was adapted to develop a questionnaire administered to 162 households using five different water sources (lake/dam, ponds near lake/dam, ponds, wells and waterholes) along with focus group discussions (6), key informant interviews (33) and field observations. The results indicated that communities do not have water management systems where water is abundant (lake/dam and ponds near these water sources). Conversely, where water is scarce (ponds, wells and water holes), communal water management occurs. However, such communal water governances are location specific and limited and, though they appear to function well at preventing water exhaustion, they fail to resolve the complex social dilemmas in that ecological system. Thus, most water resources are dominated by households with sound economic resource base, they take deliberate efforts to establish private wells in wetlands to intercept underground resources, raising issues of equity, contamination of underground water resources and human safety. Sandy river beds seemed to represent the worst ‘tragedy’ of unmanaged common resources, often being located in ‘no-man’s land’ between districts or regions, with uncontrolled competition resulting in enormous water holes dug by local resource users from both sides, and exhaustion by those with the deepest waterholes and access to engine-driven pumps. There are two water main crises: (1) too little is available to meet the current demand during an annual prolonged dry season (6-7 months) and (2) increasing social dilemmas on how to manage the little available. How external interventions could address these issues is discussed.
United People: Designing A New Model of Global Governance
Authors: Romme A. Georges L , Ansell Christopher , Buck John , Choi Younghoon , Eyden Rob van der , Huencho Verónica Figueroa , John Edwin , Kunkler Tracy , Mair Johanna , Meijer Albert , Meyer Renate , Stephenson Karen , Välikangas Liisa , Whitestone Nathaniel , Yu Cordelia
Published: October 2021

Human-driven changes on this planet have been giving rise to global warming, social instability, civil wars, and acts of terrorism. The existing system of global governance is not equipped to effectively address these enormous challenges. It is slow where one must move quickly, favors bureaucracy and politics over authentic deliberations and effective interventions, and caters to power-brokers and mega-corporations. The world therefore needs a model of global governance that serves to make and implement collectively binding decisions that acknowledge the interests of all those affected, including future generations. This governance model must coordinate the work of great (e.g. national) powers, and at the same time enable billions of people to bring their intelligence and creativity to bear on these challenges. In many ways, the quest for a new system of global governance is a grand societal challenge in itself. In this paper, we draw on idealized design to develop an ideal model of global governance and explore the collective search and experimentation efforts it implies. This so-called United People (UP) model involves a circular hierarchy in which power and communication flow in ways that help the global community to effectively address transnational challenges and problems. It involves several, relatively small, governance bodies—rather than a large parliamentary assembly that tends to cripple responsive decision-making. The UP model also serves to effectively uncover and address power abuse, simplify the financial household of global governance, and support systemic forms of collaboration with NGOs and other organizations.
Protótipo de baixo custo utilizando plataforma arduino para análise de turbidez e condutividade da água
Authors: Oliveira Gustavo Henrique Barbosa de , Guimarães Marco Antônio Alchaar , Castro Marco Antonio Barbosa , Silva Rogério Starich , Franco Mauro Lúcio
Published: October 2021

O Brasil apresenta um grande déficit no sistema público de saneamento básico, principalmente em relação à distribuição e ao controle da qualidade da água. Dessa maneira, como forma de minimizar parte desses problemas, este trabalho tem por finalidade o desenvolvimento de dois sensores que medem a turbidez e a condutividade para o monitoramento da qualidade da água em residências, utilizando a plataforma Arduino. Os sensores foram desenvolvidos com materiais de baixo custo para serem instalados em canos de três quartos de polegada, os testes foram feitos em triplicatas e os resultados obtidos foram comparados, objetivando um funcionamento semelhante dos sensores de mesmos materiais. Sendo assim, foi possível determinar pequenas variações de turbidez na água, ademais o sensor de condutividade foi capaz de diferenciar a presença de água ou ar na tubulação, bem como identificar bruscas variações na condutividade elétrica do meio, podendo, assim, revelar alguma irregularidade no abastecimento.
A synthesis of evolutionary and behavioural economics
Authors: Polowczyk Jan
Published: October 2021

The article presents the current state of evolutionary economics against the backdrop of changes related to the potential use of the achievements of other social sciences, in particular psychology, as well as dynamically developing neuroscience. The article suggests a synthesis of evolutionary and behavioural economics concepts as a logical consequence of evolutionary cooperation processes in social sciences. Interdisciplinary initiatives create new perspectives on generation synergy effects for all participants. Contemporary evolutionary economists present the nature of ongoing innovation-driven economic change as a long evolutionary process. The main creator of the econosphere as a global system is a man–entrepreneur who is also the result of evolutionary processes. For this reason evolutionary economics should take into account the results of behavioural economics’ research based on modern psychology and neuroscience. The cornerstone of evolutionary and behavioural economics synthesis are the theories of Adam Smith which should be regarded as his holistic intellectual heritage.
What did it take for Lucas to set up ‘useful’ analogue systems in monetary business cycle theory?
Authors: Galbács Peter
Published: October 2021

This paper provides a look into what Lucas meant by the term ‘analogue systems’ and how he conceived making them useful. It is argued that any model with remarkable predictive success can be regarded as an analogue system, the term is thus neutral in terms of usefulness. To be useful Lucas supposed models to meet further requirements. These prerequisites are introduced in two steps in the paper. First, some properties of ‘useless’ Keynesian macroeconometric models come to the fore as contrasting cases. Second, it is argued that Lucas suggested two assumptions as the keys to usefulness for he conceived them as referring to genuine components of social reality and hence as true propositions. One is money as a causal instrument and the other is the choice-theoretic framework to describe the causal mechanisms underlying large-scale fluctuations. Extensive quotes from Lucas’s unpublished materials underpin the claims.
Distortionary effects of economic crises on policy coordination in Turkey: Threshold GMM approach
Authors: Tetik Metin , Yıldırım Mustafa Ozan
Published: October 2021

This study investigates the interaction between fiscal and monetary policies and how crises affect the coordination between policymakers in Turkey. This study’s novelty is that a nonlinear Taylor rule indicating monetary policy response function is estimated based on the Threshold Generalized Method of Moments (Threshold GMM) methodology over the period January 2006—March 2020. The empirical findings reveal that when fiscal policy has an expansionary stage, especially in crises times, the policy interest rate does not react significantly to the inflation gap, output gap and real effective exchange rate gap in expansionary periods. On the contrary the policy interest rate gives statistically important responses to these variables during contractionary fiscal policy periods. Thus, the effectiveness of the Taylor rule appears in a period of contractionary fiscal policy. This situation gives rise to the significant policy implication that the monetary policymaker’s success in controlling inflation increases with the contractionary fiscal policy. Finally, it has been observed that effective coordination between monetary and fiscal policies did not occur during crisis periods, but compatible coordination was achieved in other periods.
CORRUPTION COMBATING: A COMPARATIVE LAW ASPECT
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law, Fedorov Aleksandr V. ,   Judicial Administration of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation Candidate of Legal Sciences, Professor
Published: October 2021

The article is dedicated to the review of legal issues of corruption combating using a comparative method. The author notes the importance of such research for discharge of international obligations in the said sphere arising out of agreements entered into by the Russian Federation; the development of international cooperation in corruption combating; study of the most efficient anti-corruption solutions in place in other countries as to their possible use in the national laws. The publication reviews the issues of definition of such concepts as corruption, fight against corruption, corruption combating, criminal liability of legal entities for corruption-related offenses in various countries. Attention is focused on a comparison of the Russian and Chinese anti-corruption laws. The criminal, administrative, civil, disciplinary, economic and party types of the liability for corruption are singled out.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES IN THE NETHERLANDS
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law, Fedorov Aleksandr V. ,   Judicial Administration of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Professor
Published: October 2021

The article is dedicated to issues of criminal liability of legal entities in the Kingdom of the Netherlands (the Netherlands). It is noted that the Netherlands refers to the countries the criminal laws of which are codified only in part and include special laws in addition to the national criminal code, the Dutch Criminal Code. Criminal liability of legal entities was first introduced in the Netherlands in 1950 by the special Law On Economic Crimes. Since 1976, criminal liability of legal entities has been regulated by the Criminal Code. The Netherlands has become the first country of continental Europe to include provisions concerning criminal liability of legal entities and legally equaled collective entities in the national Criminal Code. It is noted that the establishment of such liability has become possible due to viewing of criminal liability in the theory of law as a constituent part of social regulation of economic relationships, the subject of which is legal entities. The author states the views of Dutch scientists justifying the need for the introduction of criminal liability of legal entities from the sociolegal standpoint and describing its content. The range of subjects of criminal liability established for legal entities and the legal entities immune from such liability are indicated. Issues of bringing to criminal liability of legal entities having lost their legal personality as a consequence of merger, acquisition, split-up or liquidation after committing a crime are reviewed. It is emphasized that legal entities may be brought to liability for any crimes stipulated by national laws. The author also highlights the role of court judgments and the national legal doctrine for the understanding and application of provisions on criminal liability of legal entities. Types of punishments applied to legal entities are listed and the general characteristics of the criminal procedure of bringing of legal entities to criminal liability is given.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES IN SPAIN: ESTABLISHMENT AND GENERAL PROVISIONS
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law, Fedorov Aleksandr V. ,   Judicial Administration of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Professor
Published: October 2021

The article is dedicated to issues of criminal liability of legal entities in the Kingdom of Spain. It is noted that Spain refers to the countries whose criminal laws are codified only in part and include special laws in addition to the national criminal code. Criminal liability of legal entities is established and regulated by the Criminal Code as well as by special criminal laws. Gradual introduction of criminal liability of legal entities in Spain by means of corresponding amendments to criminal laws is reviewed. Attention is directed to the fact that the decisive role in the establishment of criminal liability of legal entities is played by Spain’s membership in the Council of Europe, the European Union (EU) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which impose requirements for bringing national laws of the member states in compliance with the standards of such international organizations in terms of introduction of criminal liability of legal entities. It is noted that the Criminal Code of Spain has initially included only provisions on civil liability of legal entities and has been supplemented with provisions on criminal liability of legal entities later. Amendments to the Criminal Code of Spain introduced in 2010 and establishing criminal liability of legal entities as well as further legal novelties regulating such liability are analyzed. The range of subjects of criminal liability established for legal entities and legal entities immune from such liability are indicated. Attention is directed to the issues of bringing to criminal liability of legal entities having lost their legal personality as a consequence of merger, acquisition, split-up or liquidation after committing a crime. It is noted that legal entities may be brought to liability not for any crimes stipulated by the national laws, rather just for some of them, specifically described in the criminal laws.
ON THE LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES FOR COMMITTED CRIMES IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law, Fedorov Aleksandr V. ,   Judicial Administration of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation Candidate of Legal Sciences, Professor
Published: October 2021

The article is dedicated to the general issues of establishment of the criminal liability of legal entities in the Czech Republic. The author reviews prerequisites for introduction of such liability in the Czech Republic, legal acts establishing such liability, the main of which are the special comprehensive Act of December 6, 2011, On the Criminal Liability of Legal Entities and Procedural Actions in Their Respect comprising provisions of criminal and criminal procedure law and the Criminal Code of the Czech Republic. The article lays strong emphasis on which crimes allow bringing legal entities to criminal liability under the Czech laws. Changes in the list of such crimes and options of their legal determination are analyzed. Bases for singling out crimes stipulating criminal liability of legal entities out of the number of acts acknowledged as crimes (so-called selective criminalization) are reviewed. It is noted that international agreements stipulating criminal liability of legal entities have become such bases in many cases; the article mentions the corresponding acts of the Council of Europe and the European Union having exerted considerable influence on the creation of the list of crimes committed by legal entities. The author reviews the operation of the criminal law in respect of legal entities having committed crimes beyond the borders of Czechia. Attention is paid to the fact that not all legal entities may be criminal liability subjects under the Czech laws.
THE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL OF PROFESSOR ANATOLIY V. NAUMOV
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law, Fedorov Aleksandr V. ,   Judicial Administration of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation Candidate of Legal Sciences, Professor
Published: October 2021

The article is prepared in view of the 80th anniversary of a famous Russian scientist, Professor Anatoliy V. Naumov. The article analyzes A.V. Naumov’s views on the development of criminal law as a science and legislation; justifies presence of the scientific criminal law school he created. Anatoliy Valentinovich is acknowledged a law expert carrying on and developing the traditions of the Kazan criminal law school where he became a lawyer and a scientist. Is it noted that in his research A.V. Naumov recalls and quotes representatives of this school frequently and with deep respect: G.I. Solntsev, A.A. Piontkovskiy (senior) and A.A. Piontkovskiy (junior), G.S. Feldstein, B.S. Volkov. Among other things, A.V. Naumov analyzes G.I. Solntsev’s views who was the first Russian scientist to justify as early as in 1820 the need for acknowledging legal entities crime subjects and criminal liability subjects. Attention is paid to the fact that A.V. Naumov was the first Soviet scientist specializing in criminal law to support the institution of criminal liability of legal entities; the author reviews the approaches of Professor A.V. Naumov towards evaluation of the institution of criminal liability of legal entities and options for introduction of such liability in the Russian Federation.
CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law, Fedorov Aleksandr V. ,   Judicial Administration of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation Candidate of Legal Sciences, Professor
Published: October 2021

The article is dedicated to the general issues of establishment of the criminal liability of legal entities in the Slovak Republic (Slovakia). Similarity of prerequisites for introduction of such liability in the Slovak Republic is noted. Gradual establishment of criminal liability of legal entities in Slovakia is noted, initially it was by means of amendment of the Criminal Code of Slovakia by Law No. 224/2010, which allows for using such “protective measures” as redemption and deprivation of property in relation to legal entities, then it was by means of adoption of Law No. 91/2016 on criminal liability of legal entities. Basic provisions of the Slovak law on criminal liability of legal entities are considered. The attention is paid to the fact that in the Slovak Republic there is a so-called selective criminalization as to the criminal liability of legal entities, when they can be held criminally liable not for all crimes specified in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Slovakia, but only for those of them, which are specified in the special Law No. 91/2016. A list of crimes, for which criminal liability is possible for legal entities, and conditions under which a crime is admitted to be committed by a legal entity, is specified. It is specified, which types of legal entities are foreseen by the Slovak law, and noted that not all of them can be the subjects of criminal liability according to the national laws. The effect of the criminal law is considered in relation to legal entities that have committed crimes in the territory of the Slovak Republic and outside it. The article contains the description of the types of criminal punishments of legal entities, which include: liquidation of the legal entity; deprivation of property; deprivation; penalty; prohibition to carry out activity; prohibition to receive subsidies and grants; prohibition to receive assistance and support from funds of the European Union; prohibition to participate in state procurement; publication of conviction.
THE HUNGARIAN LAWS ON BRINGING LEGAL ENTITIES TO CRIMINAL LIABILITY
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law, Fedorov Aleksandr V. ,   Judicial Administration of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Professor
Published: October 2021

The article is dedicated to the issues of introduction of criminal liability of legal entities in Hungary. Attention is paid to the fact that the establishment of criminal liability of legal entities in this country has been largely caused by the need for bringing its national laws in compliance with the provisions of a number of acts of the European Union (EU) and its membership in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The Hungarian legal acts on criminal liability of legal entities are reviewed; the main of them are the special omnibus law On Measures Applicable to Legal Entities within the Framework of Criminal Law 2001 which came into effect on May 1, 2004, and contains provisions of criminal and criminal procedure law as well as the Hungarian Criminal Code 2012 which came into effect on July 1, 2013. It is indicated that under the Hungarian laws, a legal entity is a criminal liability subject criminal law measures are applicable to. At the same time, it is highlighted that not all legal entities can be held criminally liable. It is noted that criminal liability of legal entities is possible in case of any willful violation of the Hungarian Criminal Code by an individual acting in the interests of a legal entity in case of the presence of conditions stipulated by the law. Criminal law measures applicable to legal entities are named: liquidation, fine, restriction of activity. A conclusion is made that in Hungary, criminal liability of a legal entity is understood as application of criminal law measures to a legal entity by court in the course of a criminal procedure in the event of a willful crime (criminally punishable act) committed by an individual acting in the interests of the corresponding legal entity upon the presence of conditions stipulated by the law On Measures Applicable to Legal Entities within the Framework of Criminal Law 2001.
THE LAWS OF ROMANIA ON THE CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Department of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law, Fedorov Aleksandr V. ,   Judicial Administration of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation PhD (Law), Professor
Published: October 2021

The article is dedicated to the issues of the establishment of the criminal liability of legal entities in Romania. Prerequisites for the introduction of such liability and the national laws on the criminal liability of legal entities are reviewed. Attention is paid to the fact that Romania has established such liability in the Criminal Code unlike the majority of post-socialist countries of Eastern Europe having adopted special criminal laws on the liability of legal entities. Under the Romanian laws, a legal entity is liable for criminal offenses committed within the framework of the operations of the legal entity, on its behalf or in its name. However, the Romanian laws do not specify, a crime committed by which natural person may result in the origination of the criminal liability of a legal entity. It is noted that the criminal liability of a legal entity does not exclude the criminal liability of a natural person having committed the same act. The article reviews the types of criminal punishments imposed on legal entities, which include: liquidation of a legal entity; temporary suspension of operations or one of the types of operations of a legal entity; suspension of jobs at a legal entity; temporary prohibition of participation in state procurement procedures; subjection to judicial supervision; disclosure or publication of a decision on conviction of a legal entity. Such legal institutes as the period of limitation for bringing to criminal liability, repeated offense, amnesty are reviewed with regard to the criminal liability of legal entities.
Progresses and expansions of chitosan-graphene oxide hybrid networks utilizing as adsorbents and their organic dye removal performances: A short review
Authors: VO Thi Sinh
Published: October 2021

Increasing concentration of pollutants has significantly affected the quality of water, especially for organic dyes-contained water/wastewater. This is probably reduced effectively through adsorbing the pollutants onto potential materials-based adsorbents. Chitosan/graphene oxide (CTS/GO) hybrid networks utilizing as adsorbents are attracting considerable interest owing to the available functional groups, which can remove plenty of the organic dyes from water/wastewater. In this review, the progress and expansions of CTS/GO hybrid networks-based adsorbents are summarized and discussed in detail. Following the general introduction and properties of each material system (i.e., CTS, GO and CTS/GO hybrid networks), the CTS/GO hybrid networks-based emerging adsorbents with coupling numerous other support materials (i.e., reduced GO, magnetic iron oxide, polymeric materials, metal-organic frameworks, etc.) are compared and discussed in short, at same time that some common organic dyes used in adsorption studies are also introduced. Besides, adsorption technique and mechanisms (i.e., adsorption kinetics and isotherms) focus on the CTS/GO hybrid networks' role are discussed as well. Although there are still some challenges from the reviewed researches, the CTS/GO hybrid networks-based emerging materials can be considered promising and potential adsorbents. Moreover, this review can provide a clear overview of CTS/GO hybrid networks-based adsorbents in organic dye removal applications to readers.
Sélection Participative de Nouveaux Cultivars de Quatre (4) Espèces de Légumes Feuilles (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L., Amaranthus L. Spp, Vigna Unguiculata (L.) WALP et Moringa Oleifera Lam) au Sénégal
Authors:   Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Diouf Meïssa , Lo Cheikh ,   Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, G Mathieu ,   Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, B.M Ndèye ,   Université Cheikh Anta DIOP
Published: October 2021

Les légumes feuilles traditionnels peuvent contribuer jusqu’à 100 % dans le revenu des ménages. Parmi les principales contraintes limitant le développement de leur culture, nous avons l’accès à des semences de qualité et en quantité. Il a été rapporté que les méthodes conventionnelles de sélection sont confrontées à un sérieux problème d’adoption des nouvelles obtentions variétales. Elles souffrent d’une insuffisance de prise en compte des critères des paysans guidant le choix des écotypes locaux. C’est pourquoi, malgré les nombreux acquis de la recherche sur le plan variétal, le taux d’adoption est toujours faible, les revenus des producteurs sont restés bas et le problème de la pauvreté ne fait que s’accroître. C’est dans le souci d’améliorer le niveau d’adoption des nouvelles variétés de légumesfeuilles traditionnels qu’une session de sélection participative a été organisée à l’Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles-Centre pour le Développement de l’Horticulture (ISRACDH). Cette sélection s’est faite avec une forte implication des femmes utilisatrices. La méthode de notation matricielle ou Scoring matrix a été utilisée. Les trois meilleures variétés pour chacune des quatre espèces sont par ordre décroissant pour le bissap : L24, L7 et ACCM, le niébé : Kolda1, YélingaraGF et AVRDC, l’amarante : AVRDC, Tamba7 et Missira5 et nébéday : MAVRDC, MCDH et MKOTHIARY. Le choix des utilisatrices de ces espèces de légumes feuilles traditionnels recoupent dans la plupart des cas les résultats obtenus par la recherche. En effet, dès le début du processus de sélection les préoccupations des femmes utilisatrices ont été prises en compte. Etant donné que les variétés ont été classées par ces dernières, l’adoption doit être maximale si elles gardent toujours la même performance en milieu paysan. C’est ainsi que ces variétés vont faire l’objet d’évaluation multilocale pour confirmer ou infirmer leur performance en station.
Diversité et Gestion des Légumes de Cueillette au Togo
Authors:   Université de Lomé, K Batwila , S Apkavi ,   Université de Lomé, K Wala , M Kanda , K Akpagana , R Vodouhe ,   International Institute for Plant Genetic Resources, Bénin
Published: October 2021

En Afrique subsaharienne et particulièrement au Togo, les légumes de cueillette ont été longtemps négligés par la communauté scientifique et les agents de développement, bien qu’ils soient d’importants compléments alimentaires. La présente étude constitue un premier état des lieux sur l’utilisation des légumes de cueillette au Togo pour une valorisation de ces ressources. Pour ce faire, des enquêtes ethnobotaniques ont été menées chez 20 groupes ethniques dans 50 villages distribués sur toute l’étendue du territoire togolais. Les informations obtenues ont été complétées par des observations directes de terrain et l’ensemble des données obtenues ont été catégorisées suivant les ethnies, les zones agro-écologiques, les lieux et périodes de récolte, etc. Au total, 105 espèces dont un ou plusieurs organes sont utilisés comme légume ont été recensées. Elles ont été rangées dans 82 genres et 45 familles dont les Fabaceae, les Malvaceae, les Moraceae, les Asteraceae sont les plus nombreuses. Certaines espèces (Adansonia digitata, Fagara zanthoxyloides, Ocimum gratissimum, Talinum triangulare, Vernonia amygdalina et Vitex doniana) sont largement distribuées et utilisées par divers peuples tandis que d’autres sont spécifiques à des régions agro-écologiques données ou à des groupes ethniques donnés. La plus forte richesse d’espèces légumières a été notée au nord du pays chez les Nawdba et les Kabyè, suivis des Lamba, Moba, Tchokossi et Tamberma. Les organes consommés sont les feuilles (67%), les fruits (18%), les fleurs (6%) et les racines (6%). La période de récolte varie suivant les espèces : 33% des légumes recensés sont récoltés en saison sèche, 14% en saison des pluies et 53% en toute saison. La cueillette, la transformation, le conditionnement et la commercialisation sont des activités dévolues aux femmes. Cette étude a montré que divers organes de nombreuses plantes sont utilisés comme légumes de cueillette par les différentes communautés socio-ethniques du Togo. Elle Constitue une première étape d’un programme de valorisation effective des ressources végétales.
Pratiques culturales et teneur en éléments anti nutritionnels (nitrates et pesticides) du Solanum macrocarpum au sud du Bénin
Authors:   Institut National de Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, Assogba Komlan , Rachidatou Sikirou ,   Institut National de Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, Boko Adrien , Adje Charlotte ,   Institut National de Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, Ahle Victoire ,   Institut National de Recherches Agricoles du Bénin, Vodouhe Raymond , Ayémou Assa , Achigan Enoch ,   Université d’Abomey-Calav, Anihouvi Prudent
Published: October 2021

La pression foncière en région urbaine et périurbaine am ène beaucoup de producteurs m araîchers à avoir des pratiques culturales qui ne garantissent pas la qualité sanitaire des produits récoltés. Cette étude a analysé les pratiques de fertilisation et de traitem ents phytosanitaires sur les légumes feuilles traditionnels les plus consomm és afin d’identifier ceux à risque. Six (6) échantillons composites de feuilles de S. m acrocarpum , répétés deux fois, issus de parcelle sayant reçu des doses de 20, 40 et (20+10+10) t/ha de fientes de vol aille et de graines de coton, sur un sol ferrallitique faiblem ent dessaturé au sud du Bénin , ont été analysés au cours des deux prem ières coupes pour la recherche de nitrates par colorimétrie. Dans la zone de décrue , l’identification et le dosage des pest icides organochlorés par chrom atographie en phase gazeuse couplée à un systèm e de détection à capture d’électrons ont été effectués sur dix (10) échantillons de feuilles et un échantillon composite de sol (mélange de trois échantillons de sols) prélevés defaçon aléatoire dans les cham ps maraîchers. Le diagnostic approfondi des pratiques de fertilisation et de traitements phytosanitaires a montré que de fortes doses d’engrais organiques et surtout d’engrais minéraux sont appliquées sur les légumes feuilles dans les zones prospectées. Les taux de nitrate dans les feuilles et dans les sols sont faibles (<50mg/kg de m atière fraîche) mais ces taux ont augmenté de la 1 ère à la 2 ème coupe . Les teneurs en pesticides organochlorés totaux sont com prises entre 0,320 e t 2,225 μg/g de légum es se cs. En dehors de l’endosulfan et du lindane retrouvés dans les échantillo nsde légumes, à faibles teneur (respectivement 0,07 et 0,1 μg/g de légumes) , les autres pesticides comme le DDT, l’endrine, l’heptachlore, l’aldrine, le die ldrine présentent des teneurs supérieures aux normes Codex appliquées pour le contrôle de la qualité des alim ents. Les mêm es pesticides se retrouvent dans l es échantillon sde sol .
Conservation of African Leafy Vegetables in South Africa
Authors:   ARC-Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Willem Jansen van Rensburg , Ineke Voster  H.J , J.J.B Van Zijl , L. Venter Sonja
Published: October 2021

The nutritional and cultural importance of African Leafy Vegetables has become very important in South Africa in the past few years. Recent research has also confirmed these issues, leading to the incorporation of African Vegetables into the core business of the ARC. ARC -Roodepl aat wants to improve the distribution and conservation status of African Leafy Vegetables. Geographical collection data on Amarant, Cleome gynandra, Corchorus olitorius and Vigna inguiculata was obtained from the National Botanical Institute and the data w as analyzed with DIVA and Flora map. Ecogeographical distribution maps were drawn to predict the possible distribution of the species. Germplasm of African Leafy Vegetables was collected during routine visits and the conservation status was discussed with participants in the study areas of Arthurstone in Bushbuckridge, Watershed near Ladysmith and Mars/Glenroy near Polokwane. Germplasm of various species were also collected in collaboration with the Plant Genetic Resource Centre (NPGRC) of the Department of Agriculture in Arthurstone and Watershed. The NPGRC included leafy vegetables in their mandate since this trip. Seed flow diagrams were used to discuss the Watershed com munity’s seed exchange systems. It was clear when discussing African leafy vegetable s in communities that their conservation and utilization are declining. Also looking at the trendlines of African Vegetables availability and utilization it is clear that the use and availability of African Leafy vegetables are declining due to various rea sons. Two major reasons are the negative image of the African Leafy Vegetables and the increased use of “exotic” vegetables like spinach and carrots. The active promotion, use and conservation of African Leafy Vegetables are important if we want to increase the production potential and potential contribution towards food security in South Africa. This will ensure that the status of these crops is enhanced, specifically their contributing towards sustainable nutrition as well as sustainable production. Resul ts from promotion activities in the project (reported in another paper) indicated that the negative image of African Leafy Vegetables could be reversed and also had an affect on the roll -out of the project to other areas of research such as plant protection, nutritional analysis and food safety, crop science and indigenous knowledge systems.
Structural analysis of the trajectories of random processes formed in non-linear vibration isolation systems
Authors: Gusev A.S. , Zinchenko L.V. , Starodubtseva S.A.
Published: October 2021

When designing technical structures, the safety of their elements is a fundamental principle. This highlights the significance of the proposed solution to the structural analysis of the trajectories of non-Gaussian stationary processes. The solution aims to acquire source data for calculating the stress-strength reliability of structural elements operating under random loads. We analyze an approach that makes it possible to account for the statistical dependence between processes and their derivatives, despite the apparent lack of correlation between them. The considered approach can be utilized in the design of vibration protection of transport vehicles to calculate the probability of a shock absorber breakdown, the probability of loss of the road-wheel contact, etc. The operation reliability of such systems is defined as the probability that the absolute maximum of the process does not exceed the specified standard level during a certain time interval. The article presents the reliability calculation using structural analysis on the example of a one-dimensional stochastic system.
​Effect of Levels and Sources of Sulphur on Growth and Yield Attributes of Sesamum (Sesamum indicum L.) under Rainfed Condition of Nagaland
Authors: Lallawmzuali P.C. , Tzudir Lanunola , Nongmaithem Debika
Published: October 2021

Background: Sulphur is an important component of plant amino acids, proteins, vitamins as well as enzyme structures which influence the productivity, quality of oil seed and its total oil content. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the role of sulphur and its proper fertilization for better growth, yield and quality of sesamum crop. Methods: The field experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and ten treatments viz; T1 (control), T2 (10 kg gypsum ha-1), T3 (20 kg gypsum ha-1), T4 (30 kg gypsum ha-1), T5 (40 kg gypsum ha-1), T6 (control), T7 (10 kg elemental sulphur ha-1), T8 (20 kg elemental sulphur ha-1), T9 (30 kg elemental sulphur ha-1) and T10 (40 kg elemental sulphur ha-1). Result: From all the treatments, T10 (40 kg elemental sulphur ha-1) recorded the highest plant height (cm), plant dry weight (g plant-1), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), number of capsule plant-1, length of capsule (cm), number of seed capsule-1, stover yield (kg ha-1), seed yield (kg ha-1) and harvest index (%).
Types of Threats and Appropriate Countermeasures for Internet Communications
Authors: BACÎŞ Irina-Bristena
Published: October 2021

Threats can translate into various types of attacks an intruder can take on entities in a network: flooding the target with protocol messages, smurfing (targeted broadcasting of an ICMP protocol-based messaging protocol), distributed attacks that lead to blocking the service for legitimate users, IP address theft and flooding targets with unsolicited emails, identity theft, or fraudulent routing. Against these threats, a variety of security measures can be implemented, such as: configuration management, firewall installation, intrusion detection system installation. Used separately or together, these protection measures can eliminate or even minimize the probability of materializing security threats and preventing attacks on the security features of a system.
Legal Aspects of Cooperatives’ Issuance of Products to Non-Member Communities in Indonesia
Authors: Adristi Dhia Novita , Gultom Elisatris , Faisal Pupung
Published: October 2021

Regulations in the business activities of savings and loan cooperatives that allow cooperatives to collect funds from prospective members result in the possibility of issuing product to non-member communities. This study analyzed that the practice of issuing products to non-member communities is a deviation of cooperative’s business activity based on the laws and regulations in the cooperative sector and eliminates the identity of the cooperative in the form of the principle of membership, which is the specialty of the cooperative and the purpose of a cooperative business entity for the welfare of its members. The study used a normative approach, which aimed to examine existing regulations and relate to legal principles and theories. This study was descriptive-analytical by explaining, describing, and correlating legal rules and theories with the problems regarding the raise funds business from prospective members. It accounted the cooperative regulations, objectives, and principles of membership in cooperatives to the practice of issuing products to non-member communities that deviate from statutory regulations does not arise. This study showed that the practice of publishing products to non-member communities is a deviation from statutory regulations, objectives, and membership principles in cooperatives. In the meantime, the implementation of cooperatives while maintaining cooperatives' identity requires the role of all cooperative actors, the government, and the general public in preventing and following up on savings and loan cooperative practices that eliminate membership rights for service users.

KEYWORDS: Cooperative Law, Cooperatives in Indonesia, Economic Democracy.
Organizing Micro Economic Scale through Women Empowerment Group (Descriptive Study in Pesanggrahan Village)
Authors: Jannah Andita Uzlifatil , Mulyono Joko
Published: October 2021

The unemployment problem is triggered by the imbalance of job opportunities and the number of job seekers, especially in rural areas. Besides, restrictions on working women based on customs and norms in the village make it difficult for women to find work. The view that women should focus on domestic and family matters. It limits women to work to help improve the family economy. Thus, empowerment for women through community empowerment group is needed to be able to carry out economic activities without having to leave their duties as a housewife. The theoretical framework of this study is the theory of liberal feminism gender based on women's freedom and equality. This study uses a qualitative method and purposive sampling. Data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study are that empowering women can do business on a micro-scale to help increase family income; Also, this research explains about equality between women and men, and forms of women's participation, democracy, transparency, and accountability in women's empowerment programs.

Keywords: Self-help groups, Gender equality, government programs

Referensi:

Idrus, Muhammad. 2009. Metode Penelitian Ilmu Sosial. Cetakan Kedua.

Jakarta: Erlangga

Irwan, P. 2006. Penelitian Kualitatif dan kuantitatif untuk ilmu-ilmu sosial.  Depok: FISIP UI PRES

Jamaluddin, Dr. Adon Nasrullah. 2015. Sosiologi Perkotaan. Surakarta : Pustaka Setia

Materi Pelatihan Tim Vrifikasi PNPM-MP Keamatan Jangkar Tahun 2010

Moleong, Lexy. 2008. Metode penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya

Nazir. 1988. Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Galia Indonesia

Profil Desa Pesanggrahan Tahun 2018

Satori Djam’an, Komariah Aan. 2012. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif.  Bandung :Alfabeta

Sugihastuti, Saptiawan Itsna Hadi. 2007. Gender & Inferioritas Perempuan.  Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar

Sugiyono. 2005. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung : Alfabeta
The Role of Spiritual Guidance for the Patient in Reinterpreting Pain At Al-Irsyad Hospital in Surabaya
Authors: Nurhidayati Nurhidayati , Handayani Baiq Lily
Published: October 2021

Patient Companions (spiritual guidance for patients) at Al-Irsyad Hospital in Surabaya has been around since 2013. Al-Irsyad Hospital is an Islamic hospital that involves 'Friends of Patients' who can provide spiritual needs even when needed to strengthen the patient's mind in the process of healing. The construction process carried out by Friends of Patients is not only for patients but also for all components of the hospital, especially for employees as an Islamic hospital culture. The theoretical framework of this study is the social construction of Peter L Berger and Thomas Luckman. This type of research is qualitative research and how to determine the informants in this study using purposive techniques. Retrieval of data using observation, interviews, and documentation. While the data validity test in this study uses data triangulation, the findings of this study indicate that there is a change in perspective regarding pain, among others, illness is a trial and test from God. Illness is a form of forgiveness of sins and errors of God. The disease also elevates human degrees. Therefore, patients can reinterpret the meaning of the pain they are suffering from and realize that they are God's creatures.

Keywords: spiritual needs, Islamic hospitals, a reinterpretation of illness, illness, patients.

Referensi:

Arifin, Isep Zainal. 2012. Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam untuk Pasien Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit. Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah, 6 (19)

Praktikya,  Ahmad  Watik  dan  Abdul  Salam  M.  Sofro,  1985,  Islam, Etika, dan Kesehatan. Jakarta: CV Rajawali

Sunaryo. 2014. Sosiologi untuk Keperawatan. Jakarta: Bumi Medika.

Parsons, T (dalam Sunaryo). 2014. Sosiologi untuk Keperawatan. Jakarta: Bumi Medika.

Luckman, dan Berger. 1990. Tafsir Sosial atas Kenyataan. Jakarta: LP3S.

Sudarma. 2012. Sosiologi untuk Kesehatan. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.

Faqih, Ainurrohim. 2000. Bimbingan Konseling dalam Islam. Yogyakarta: UII Press.