bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doubly Fed Induction Generator and Conventional Synchronous Generator Based Power Plants: Operation during Grid Fault
Authors: M. B. C. Salles  , A. P. Grilo  , J. R. Cardoso
Published: May 2017

The use of doubly fed induction generator in wind
power plants has result in new necessities to maintain a reliable
operation of the network. The tendency of the grid codes is to
require the ability from the wind power plant to keep connected
during and after grid disturbance, similarly to the synchronous
generators requirements. This paper analyse the behaviour of a
wind power plant equipped with doubly fed induction
generators connected to a transmission system during grid fault
and compare its performance with a conventional synchronous
generator based power plant. The results have shown that the
conventional synchronous generator has much more effective
injection of reactive power during grid fault and, by
consequence, the terminal voltage is kept in higher levels.
Issues about Monitoring the Energy Performance of a PV Plants Constellation
Authors: S. Vergura
Published: May 2017

After setting PhotoVoltaic (PV) plant up, it
needs to monitor its energy performance in order to verify the
correct or incorrect operation. For this aim, PV plants can be
equipped with simple dataloggers or SCADA systems. When
several PV plants have to be monitored, a unique supervision
centre is implemented, even if each PV plant is independent
from the others. From the point of view of storing and
transferring data, they constitute a constellation of PV plants.
This structure, based on the client-server configuration, allows
to concentrate the information on a unique supervision centre,
but PV plants have to be monitored one at a time. If several
analyses have to be run for each PV plant, the total time for
monitoring the whole constellation can be very long. The paper
deals with these issues.
Orientation system of solar panels based on a robot manipulator
Authors: Ahmed CHAÏB  , Dalila ACHELI  , Mohamed KESRAOUI
Published: May 2017

Solar energy is one of the most interesting renewable energies, as it is an inexhaustible natural accumulation. The electrical energy generated depends on the performance of photovoltaic panels that is based on the direction of sunlight. The position of the sun changes during the day, even during the year, which imposes a system of automatic orientation of solar panels for this purpose, several devices have been proposed and marketed. In our article, we focus on the adaptation of a robot manipulator for orientation and positioning of solar panels, applying for the control system, the model of the robot controller. First, we present the robotic system, which is a well-mastered, and his order was the subject of several studies and applications, and the model of the robot used for controlling the system. Finally, we give the simulation results in two modes: Mode fixed facing south with an inclination of 45° and the robot tracking mode following the elevation and azimuth movements with two decoupled movement. The results found show a gain in terms of solar energy collected measured about 51%.
CORNICE MODULAR WIND COLLECTOR © FOR COLLECTION AND AMPLIFICATION OF THE VERTICAL WIND COMPONENT IN BUILDINGS FOR GENERATION OF SMALL WIND ELECTRIC ENERGY
Authors: J.C. Sáenz-Díez Muro  , J.M. Blanco Barrero  , E. Jiménez Macías  , J.Blanco Fernández  , M. Pérez de la Parte
Published: May 2017

The generation of small wind electric energy in urban spaces in general and buildings in particular has an indisputable potential for practical applications. Notwithstanding, up until now, advances in this field have been less than expected. In order to take advantage of small wind energy, research in buildings requires the construction of a scale model for wind tunnel simulation. The difficulties regarding the construction of scale models and the availability of wind tunnels have slowed down a great deal this kind of research. New CDF (COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS) software techniques have made it possible to do research in buildings for small wind energy exploitation. A virtual scale model of the building under study is developed utilizing CAD. Subsequently, the model created with CAD is inserted into the CFD software and a simulation is conducted as if in a virtual wind tunnel. Considering the results obtained from research conducted with CFD software as well as from experimental validations in a wind tunnel, the research groups in La Rioja University known as “Modeling simulation and optimization of electrical industrial and automated fabrication systems” and “Integral Design Group“ have designed an optimization system for collection of small wind energy in buildings, for electric energy production through renewable sources.
COMPARISON IN THE APLICATION OF THE EXPLOITATION BY OPTIMAL HEAD MODEL TO HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATIONS IN RUN-OF-THE-RIVER SYSTEMS EQUIPPED WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF TURBINES
Authors: J.M. Blanco Barrero  , J.C. Sáenz-Díez Muro  , E. Jiménez Macías  , M. Pérez de la Parte
Published: May 2017

Hydroelectric power plants in diversion scheme systems utilize the water flowing through the river, since they present the necessary facilities and infrastructures to channel and harness the water, without having in their initial conception any storage systems. This type of power stations are designed and automated to operate between certain limits of water head, working with “constant head”, using the heads available at any moment. The operating limits are determined by the “nominal flow” for which the power plant has been designed and the “minimal technical flow” which corresponds to the minimum value of the flow with which the plant can work, which depends on each type of turbine. By means of the presented optimization algorithms we can take advantage of those periods of time with low levels of flow (low water levels) to utilize the channels in the power station as storage elements of flow under the technical minimum, making the power plant undergo sequential cycles of emptying/filling of channels, allowing for the energetic exploitation, that will be denoted as “optimal flow”. In this article, we intend to determine how we can adapt each type of turbine to the new optimization algorithms proposed, establishing the increments in production obtained for each type of turbine and the possibility of applying the “optimal flow” algorithms.
Large scale integration of wind power – influence of geographical allocation
Authors: Reichenberg  L  , Göransson L  , Johnsson F  , Odenberger M
Published: May 2017

This paper investigates the influence of geographical allocation of wind power generation in Northern Europe, assuming large scale integration of wind power. The work applies a linear cost optimization model of the heat and power sector with a 1-hour time resolution. The model minimizes the sum of running costs to meet the heat and power demand and the wind power and transmission investment costs. Wind data are taken from modelled wind speed data from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The Nordic countries and Germany were divided into regions and the 200 sites with the highest yearly output were chosen to represent the region. The model gives the most favourable distribution of wind power between the regions. In addition, the paper provides an assessment of the effect of geographical distribution of wind power with respect to influence on the aggregated wind power production (only considering the wind power generation itself). The modelling results show that the largest investments in wind power are made in the windy region of Southern Norway. However, depending on the cost of transmission allocating wind power near large load centers in Germany may also be favourable. As for the assessment of distribution of wind power, the wind data gives that if the 400 best sites in Europe were used, this would result in a capacity factor of 38.5% and a lowest output of 2.5 % of rated power (applying 2009 wind data).
Analysis of Current-Bidirectional Buck-Boost Based Switch-Mode Audio Amplifier
Authors: Gert B. Maizonave  , Michael A. E. Andersen  , Claus Kjærgaard  , Kristian L. Lund  , Lars B. R. Hansen
Published: May 2017

The following study was carried out in order to assess quantitatively the performance of the buck-boost converter when used as switch-mode audio amplifier. It comprises of, to begin with, the delimitation of design criteria based on the state- of-the-art solution, which is based in a differential mode buck- based amplifier with a boost converter as power supply. The averaged switch modelling of the differential mode current bidirectional topology is also used, in order to analyze the steady state and frequency-wise behaviour of this parameterize it to meet the design criteria converter and Next, several piecewise-linear simulation results are shown with detail enough to emphasize the features of the converter. A simple prototype is implemented to verify the main predicted features. Presently no previous publication could be found containing a thorough analysis of this topology in such configuration when applied for audio
Isolated Bidirectional DC–DC Converter for SuperCapacitor Applications
Authors: Sayed M. D. Dehnavi  , Gokhan Sen  , Ole C. Thomsen  , Michael A. E. Andersen  , Lars Møller
Published: May 2017

This paper proposes a new bidirectional DC/DC converter for supercapacitor applications. The proposed converter has a parallel structure in supercapacitor side (where voltage is low and current is high) and a series structure in the other side. This structure increases efficiency of the converter. For current sharing in the parallel side of the proposed converter, two different methods are recommended and compared in this paper: Current balancing transformer (CBT) and two separate inductors (TSI). Simulation and experimental results show performance of the proposed converter.
On the search of efficient uses for glycerine: steam gasification
Authors: J. F. González  , G. Engo  , S. Román  , M. C. Rayo  , F. J. Masa  , J. M. Encinar
Published: May 2017

This work deals with the steam gasification of the glycerine generated during the biodiesel manufacture in an industrial plant. Glycerine (diluted in water) was gasified with the aim of producing an hydrogen-rich gas, making a systematic investigation on the influence of the gasification temperature in the range 600-1000 ºC. It was found that the change in this parameter influences the composition of the gas generated during gasification, driving the process towards a higher hydrogen production as the temperature gets greater. On the other hand, if the aim is to produce a gas with a higher energy content, a lower temperature would be more favourable
Probabilistic model for distributed generation expansion in distribution power network
Authors: C. Ponce-Corral  , H. Bludszuweit  , J.A. Domínguez-Navarro
Published: May 2017

In this paper a probabilistic model is presented to optimize the expansion of distributed generation in the electricity distribution network. The Monte Carlo technique is used to obtain probability distributions of the desired variables, such as: power flows, output power of distributed generators, costs, etc. The analysis of the results leads to optimized criteria for the expansion of distributed generation (DG) in distribution networks.
Control Design of a Two Degree of Freedom Combined with Repetitive Controller Applied to a Single Phase Inverter Power Generation in the Context of Microgrids
Authors: R. Ortega  , E. Figueres  , G. Garcerá  , O. Carranza  , C.L. Trujillo
Published: May 2017

This    paper    present    the    design,    analysis    andimplementation  of  a  control  scheme  Two  Degrees  Of  Freedom  2DOF  combined  with  a  Repetitive  Control.  This  reduces  Total  Harmonics   Distortion   in   voltage   (THDv),   when   inverters   that   operates as voltage sources in microgrids. The controller is designed to  be  applied  to  inverters  operating  in  island  mode.  The  goal  is  to  keep  the  waveform,  frequency  and  amplitude  of  the  grid  voltage,  when it has linear or nonlinear loads. The analysis and design of the control system is presented in detail.
On-Line Cable Diagnostic Possibilities in an Artificial Aging Environment
Authors: C. Freitag  , C. Weindl  , I. Mladenovic
Published: May 2017

Since  more  than  a  decade  the  development  of reliable  and  accurate  diagnostic  tools  for  power  cables  is  in  the centre  of  interest  of  scientists  and  power  utilities.  With  the  de-velopments  in  our  power  systems,  like  the  increasing  feed-in  of renewable  energy  sources,  several  issues  could  be  additionally generated, such as extreme concurrence factors, short- and long-duration  variations,  voltage  imbalances,  waveform  distortions, voltage   fluctuations   and   power   frequency   variations.   These impacts affect the aging rapidity of the electrical equipment and finally  of  the  entire  the  electrical  distribution  network.  Using appropriate  diagnostic  methods,  it  is  possible  to  determine  the electrical equipment’s condition. The significance of the results depends  on  the  quality  of  the  measurement  system  and  of  the data  interpretation.  Based  on  these  results,  a  reliable  mainte-nance and investment strategy could be made, and the reliability of  the  grid  could  be  improved.  With  this  goal,  an  accelerated aging project for MV PILC (paper insulated lead covered) cables was  started.  A  specially  designed  aging  system  for  the  acceler-ated  aging  of  MV  cables  has  been  developed  to  point  out  the most  relevant  aging  parameters,  their  limits,  their  development and to upgrade the accuracy of the MV cable diagnostics in this way. In this paper, the diagnostic possibilities, mainly the dielec-tric  loss  factor  measurement  and its  dependence  on  environ-mental influences are presented.
Energy Consumption and CO2 Emissions Evaluation for Electric and Internal Combustion Vehicles using a LCA Approach
Authors: Sérgio Faias  , Jorge Sousa  , Luís Xavier  , Pedro Ferreira
Published: May 2017

The demand for Electric Vehicles (EVs) has increased during the last years, especially after the peak oil prices experienced in the year 2008. In spite of, in general, EVs being associated to a cleaner and more efficient mobility, the benefits of substituting conventional Internal Combustion Vehicles (ICVs) by EVs must be evaluated. In this regard, in the present paper, it is compared the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of two different vehicles technologies, an EV equipped with lithium-ion battery and a gasoline ICV. The evaluation is performed according to a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach, making use of a parametric model developed in a Microsoft Excel platform. The results of the evaluation performed show that, for the different scenarios assumed, the EV is the one that presents the lower LCA energy consumption and CO2 emissions.
Equipment Safety in Renewable Energies Exploitation
Authors: B. Nsom  , K. Bouchlaghem
Published: May 2017

This paper considers the dam-break problem in a horizontal smooth 1D channel, for the purpose of equipment safety in renewable energies exploitation. The fluid is water and it can be described by a Newtonian model, provided that the inertial effects be neglected versus the viscous ones in the momentum balance. Assuming the shallow water approximation, a non dimensional equation is built from the continuity and the Navier-Stokes equations in the limit of zero-inertia and it is solved analytically in two limits: short time and long time. These solutions are then combined into a single, universal model. Limitations of the model are examined by comparison to a converged finite difference numerical solution of the flow equation.
Practical experience with electricity production from unused energy at the water management company
Authors: M. Gono  , M. Kyncl  , R. Gono
Published: May 2017

The paper deals with electricity production from unused energy at the water management company. We have practical experience with using biogas produced by wastewater treatment plants for the production of electricity and with using drinking water stored in reservoirs for the production of electricity. In the first part, technology of the biogas production in a waste water treatment plant is described, technology of the water storage and pipelines is described and then production of electricity and bargain redemption price are discussed.
A comparison of transformer HF models and their application to PQ analysis
Authors: C. Capell´an  , M. Ma˜nana  , A. Arroyo  , L.M. Mu˜niz and F. Delgado
Published: May 2017

. This research work is devoted to the comparison
of some proposed high-frequency (HF) models of transformers
and their application to power quality (PQ) studies. The models
are classified according their structure, physical description and
experimental methodology and set-up facilities needed to obtain
the parameters.
Laboratory Test System for Small Wind Energy Generators
Authors: A. Arroyo  , M. Ma˜nana  , L.M. Mu˜niz  , C.J. Renedo  , S. Perez  , I. Fernandez  , C. G´omez  , R. Prieto
Published: May 2017

This research work is devoted to the
development of a set-up facility for testing Permanet-Magnet
Synchronous-Machines (PMSM) used in small wind energy
generators. The developed test system can be used not only
for PMSM parameters characterization but also for the study
of the performance of the power electronic associated to the
electrical machine
Increasing penetration of renewals in isolated power systems using energy storage systems
Authors: L. Rouco  , I. Azpiri  , I. Gómez de Olea  , J. Tabernero
Published: May 2017

Frequency stability is one of the most relevant issues in operation of isolated power systems. High penetration of renewals may affect significantly frequency stability of isolated power systems since wind and solar photovoltaic generation have neither inertia nor primary frequency regulation. An alternative is the use of storage systems in the most critical operating conditions in such a way that if a generator trips, storage systems are subsequently tripped and the power balance is restored. This paper presents an approach to determine the maximum renewable generation in an isolated power system to prevent non-admissible frequency excursions in case of generator tripping. Moreover, such approach allows sizing an energy storage system to increase the penetration of renewals.
Optimal Dispatch of a Multiple Energy Carrier System Equipped With a CCHP
Authors: A.Sheikhi,  , A.M.Ranjbar  , F.Safe
Published: May 2017

With  the  development  of  distributed  generation  (DG) technologies  and  the  implementation  of  policies  to  encourage  their applications,  The  Combined  Cooling,  Heating,  and  Power  (CCHP) systems is expected to play a greater role in the commercial buildings in  the  future.  CCHP  is  a  promising  efficiency  improvement  and  car-bon  mitigation  strategy,  but  careful  operation  mode  is  required  to achieve  a  reasonable  system  performance  according  to  energy  con-sumption   characteristics   of   buildings   and   technical   features   of equipments [1]. This paper presents  an  energy dispatch method which  minimizes  the cost of energy (e.g., cost of electricity from the grid and cost of natu-ral  gas  into  the  gas  turbine  and  boiler)  base  on  the  energy  hub  con-cept  and  by  regarding  carbon  market  rules.  The  system  includes combined  heating  power  (CHP)  module,  auxiliary  boiler,  absorption chiller, utility  grid and electrical, thermal,  and cooling  loads.  In  fact, by  solving  this  model,  optimal  energy  flow  will  be  determined  re-garding  both  the  amounts  of  electric,  thermal,  and  cooling  loads  in each time interval and prices of electricity and natural gas at the same time, by considering environmental constrains. In the cost function of this  model,  the  total  economic  benefit  of  this  system  is  maximized during total daily operation time. The  results  of  an  optimal  operation  model  have  been  discussed  eco-nomically and a case study has been investigated.
Providing an added-value to biodiesel by-products: Pyrolysis of glicerin. Thermogravimetric study and analysis of sulphur emissions
Authors: J. F. González  , G. Engo  , S. Román  , J. I. Arranz  , J. M. Encinar
Published: May 2017

This work aimed to study the thermal degradation process of the glycerine generated as by-product during biodiesel production. For this task, thermogravimetric analyses (TG) were conducted under argon atmosphere at various heating rates, and the different stages occurring during the pyrolysis were elucidated. Also, by the coupled use of TG and Mass spectrometry analyses (MS) it was possible to monitorize the gas emissions released during the pyrolysis, and thus have a better knowledge of the mechanisms governing the degradation process. From the experimental data, it was found that glycerin degradation occurs at various stages which are not apparently affected by the heating rate. The MS analyses on the emission of sulphur dioxide and dimethyl sulfide allowed identifying the release of these compound around the temperature of 370ºC.
Active balancing circuit for advanced lithium-ion batteries used in photovoltaic application
Authors: J.F. Reynaud  , C. E. Carrejo  , O. Gantet  , P. Aloïsi  , B. Estibals  , C. Alonso
Published: May 2017

An approach to the analysis and design of a bidirectional DC power converter for the cell voltage balancing control of a series connected lithium-ion battery string is presented in this paper. The proposed Cell Balancing Circuit (CBC) is designed to transfer the energy from the fully charged battery cell to the weakest one using a switch mode power converter operation. This operation maintains cell batteries at the same State-Of-Charge (SOC) and voltage range. Unlike previous battery balancing circuits, the balancing method uses only one magnetic component, resulting small size system. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed cell balancing method can not only enhance the bidirectional battery equalization performance, but can also reduce the switching loss during the equalization period. Experiment results are provided to verify the operating principle of the proposed balancing method. Specific conditions of experiments are used to reproduce photovoltaic operations
Control Laws to Improve Efficiency and Average Life Time of an Adaptive Multi-Phases Converter Dedicated to Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: A. Berasategi  , Y. El Basri  , C. Cabal  , B. Estibals  , M. Vermeersch  , C. Alonso
Published: May 2017

In    this    paper,    an    Adaptive    Multi-PhasesConverter  (AMPC)  is  used  as  an  adaptation  stage  to  improve  the efficiency and reliability of a photovoltaic power conversion chain.   We   present   a   control   law   which   guarantees   high   conversion   efficiency,   even   in   the   presence   of   constantly   changing operating point which is principal characteristic of the photovoltaic system . Another control law which consists in the rotations  of  phases  of  the  converter  is  also  presented.  This  rotation   guarantees   a   homogeneous   aging,   increasing   the   average  life  time  of  the  converter.  Guidelines  of  these  control  laws   are   presented.   An   experimental   prototype   has   been   designed   to   evaluate   the   performances   of   this   proposed   adaptation stage.
Synchronization of a single-phase wind energy generator with the low-voltage utility grid
Authors: Nader Anani  , Omar Al-Kharji Al-Ali  , P. Ponnapalli  , S.R. Al-Araji  , M. Al-Qutayri
Published: May 2017

This  paper  presents  a  new  circuit  topology  of  aphase-locked  loop  that  can  be  used  for  synchronising  a  single-phase wind turbine generator (WTG) with the low voltage utility grid.  The  circuit  is  based  on  the  time-delay  digital  tanlock  loop (TDTL)  architecture  and  was  modelled  and  simulated  using Simulink/MATLAB.   The   results   presented   demonstrate   the ability of the circuit not only to synchronise a WTG with the grid, but    also    to    re-gain    synchronization    following    a    sudden disturbance   in   the   grid   voltage.   The   simulated   disturbances included a ramp and a multi-step change in the phase of the grid voltage waveform.
Modernisation of High Power Laboratory to fulfill the technical and qualitative conditions for tests according to standards in force
Authors: Dr. Eng. George CURCANU  , Eng. Corneliu CHICIU  , Eng. Constantin ILINCA  , Eng. Horia IONESCU
Published: May 2017

High Power Laboratory was modernised by using
new electrical apparatus and equipment in order to limit the
perturbations due to environment and electromagnetic fields for
qualitative improvement of tests performed at high currents and
high voltages, according to standards in force. There are also
presented the methods for limiting these effects within electric
tests laboratories.
A Step-By-Step Tracking Program for a String of Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: N. I. Tatu  , C. Alexandru  , V. E. Dombi
Published: May 2017

The objective of this paper is to create a step-by-step  tracking  program  which  assures  an  increased  energetic efficiency  for  a  string  of  photovoltaic  (PV)  modules.  This  is achieved  through  various  calculations,  having  as  parameters: the solar angles, solar time, day of the year and turbidity factor, following  to  capture  the  maximum  solar  radiation,  but  with  a small angular domain of the daily angle. For a motion law with high precision, the year is split into 8 time intervals and for each one  it  is  found  the  optimum  fixed  elevation  angle  with  the according daily angle field.
Mono-axis vs Bi-axis Tracking for a String of Photovoltaic Modules
Authors: N. I. Tatu  , C. Alexandru
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a comparative study of
motion laws applied to a mono-axis string of photovoltaic
modules and to a bi-axis system. This study will reveal which
system is more efficient (inclusive economically) in the
geographical area of Braşov and under which conditions. There
are two types of tracking systems: mono-axis and bi-axis, the
last being split into other three types of tracking systems
according to their rotation axis. First the solar angles and direct
solar radiation are computed and graphically modeled. Further
the optimum elevation and daily angles are determined. For
each interval both tracking efficiencies are calculated and then
compared. Also, the yearly tracking efficiencies of mono-axis
and bi-axis systems are compared. Taking into account the
technical and economical aspects, beside the energy gain of the
dual-axis tracking system, it was concluded that a mono-axis
system is preferred for the studied geographical area.
A review on existing sustainable indices on efficient energy.
Authors: R. M.Robles  , V. Barranco  , A. Castillo  , J. M.Ramirez  , F. R. Lara
Published: May 2017

This paper reviews the set of existing sustainability
indices which are related to energy efficiency a critical
factor in the actual moment, unveiling the main
differences between indices, focusing the attention on
those indices more adequate to policy making, finding the
most adequate sources for indicators to compose the
indices from a European perspective, showing the
inconsistencies and limitations of most indices and the
need of a simple index based on several complementary
indices.
Screening the Milieu of an abattoir for Bacteria of Public health importance in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Maina N Nseabasi , Vinkings E. G , Bassey I U , Unimke A. A , Abulawor L.O
Published: May 2017

The study investigated the bacteriological content in a major abattoir located approximately 300 meters from a densely populated and cultivated area along the Benue River. Enumeration of bacterial cells from samples in the study yielded relatively high mean count of 9.4 x 105 and 7.3 x 105 from effluent and soil samples respectively. Bacteria isolated from both samples included; Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp, Salmonella sp, Pseudomonas sp, Shigellasp, Enterobacter sp, Staphylococcus sp, Bacillus sp, Brucella sp, Proteus sp, Micrococcus sp etc. Escherichia coli recorded an occurrence of 18.53% in effluents and 16.16% in soil while Proteus species and Brucella sp had an occurrence of 9.59% and 1.39% respectively in soil samples. Antibiotic sensitivity screening using seveenteen (17) antibiotics disc (Optun Nig.) viz: Tarivid (10 µg), peflacine (10 µg), Agumentin (30 µg), Gentamycin (10 µg), Streptomycin (30 µg), Ceporex (10 µg), Nalidixic acid (30 µg), Ciprofloxacin (10 µg), Norfloxacin (10 µg), Rifampicin (µg), Erythromycin (µg), Chloramphenicol (µg), Ampiclox (30 µg), Levofloxacin (10µg). A marked level of resistance was observed among the isolates. However, Escherichia coli indicated sensitivity to peflacine, Shigellasp indicated sensitivity to augmentin, Enterococcus and Bacillus species indicated sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and streptomycin respectively.
The effects of storage on the bacteriological quality of sachet water produced, sold and consumed within Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Unegbu Valentine N , Nwachukwu Ndubuisi O , Ugbo Emmanuel N , Ekennia Anthony C
Published: May 2017

The sale and consumption of sachet water is common in Owerri metropolis because the consumers believed it was safer than tap or borehole water.The aim of this study was to assess the effects of storage on the bacteriological quality of  sachet water produced, sold and consumed within Owerri metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria. Fifteen sachet water brands were investigated for a period of four months. They were collected within 24 hours of production and stored at ambient temperature for four months. Samples were taken on monthly basis for enumeration of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and indicator organisms using APHA and WHO analytical methods.  Bacteriological analysis showed that Clets brand had the highest Total heterotrophic bacterial count of 5.7X101cfu/ml, followed by Elevated and Crystal while Ricano had the least count of 3.2x101cfu/ml. Total heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform count decreased gradually in all brands throughout this period. Escherichia coli was isolated in three brands.  Results from the research indicates that 60% of the brands analyzed met the WHO guideline limit for drinking when stored at ambient temperature within eight weeks period. However, storage beyond this period led to diminished potability  of sachet water
Molecular detection of mecA gene from Methicillin Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci
Authors: Thangave Arun , Rajamanickam Chandrasekaran , Sahu Omprakash , Ponnappan Saravanan , Abawa Gezahegn , Tadele Abenezer
Published: May 2017

In the present research, a total of 27 Wound swab samples were collected for the isolation of Methicillin Resistant-Coagulase Negative Staphylococci. Out of these, 3.7% of the samples have been shown the presence of Methicillin Resistant-CoagulaseNegative Staphylococci (MR-CoNS). The preliminary coagulase activity has been identified by Coagulase slide and tube method. The HiCrome MeReSa agar medium has been used for the preliminary identification of Methicillin resistance. During the isolation, the other strains of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (29.6%), Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (44.4%) have been also isolated. 6 samples (22.2%) were sterile. The genomic DNA was isolated from Methicillin resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococciand other species of Staphylococcithrough Modified DNA extraction method. The isolated DNA was amplified through the thermal cycler using suitable forwardand reverse oligonucleotide primers, for the amplification of 527bp of mecA gene. The amplified DNA product has been identified by agarose gel electrophoresis using suitable 100bp ladder marker.
ANALISIS PERANCANGAN KONSTRUKSI STRUKTUR GEDUNG THE GRAND ROYAL C1 HOTEL SUMENEP
Authors: Rahem Abdul
Published: May 2017

Pembangunan yang semakin meningkat hingga kepelosok kota yang terus berkembang seperti Kabupaten Sumenep serta kepadatan penduduk yang mengikis ketersediaan lahan menuntut pengembang properti terus berinovasi, salah satunya melalui pengembangan multi-story building. Pada tahap perencanaan struktur gedung, perlu dilaksanakan studi literatur untuk mengetahui hubungan antara susunan fungsional gedung dengan sistem struktural yang akan digunakan, Sistem-sistem beton dibentuk dari berbagai elemen struktur beton dapat diklasifikasi dengan (1) pelat, (2) balok, (3) kolom, (4) dinding, dan (5) pondasi. Pemecahan masalah dalam analisis ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dengan pengamatan pada rencana lokasi pembangunan dan wawancara untuk mengetahui fungsi dan detail tapak gedung.Perencanaan strukturpada skripsi ini direncanakan menggunakan SistemRangkaPemikulMomen Menengah(SRPMM) padazonasigempawilayahKabupaten Sumenep. Hasil analisis struktur mendapatkan bahwa gaya geser searah sumbu y (bidang pendek) cukupberpengaruh pada tulangan geser, namun tidak untuk sumbu x (bidang panjang) sehingga portal bidang searah sumbu x menggunakan sengkang minimal. Beban gaya aksial pada kolom cenderung besar untuk kolom tengah sehingga digunakan untuk menentukan jumlah tulangan.Penerapan multi-story building sangat mungkin dilakukan mengingat Kabupaten Sumenep memiliki beban gempa yang cukup kecil. Diharapkan penelitian lanjutan dapat dilakukan mencakup pondasi dan rencana anggaran biaya sehingga bisa menjadi satu-kesatuan yang lengkap.
Đề xuất giải pháp nâng cao chất lượng nghiên cứu khoa học của sinh viên Trường Đại học Mỏ - Địa chất
Authors: Hải Vân Trần Thị , Tấn Vũ Duy
Published: May 2017

Tóm tắt: Phát triển, nâng cao chất lượng nghiên cứu khoa học (NCKH ) của sinh viên và đào tạo tài năng trẻ là nhiệm vụ chiến lược Quốc gia có sự chỉ đạo chung của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo. Đây là một trong những nhiệm vụ then chốt không thể tách rời cùng với mục tiêu đào tạo, trang bị tri thức cho sinh viên trong các trường Đại học. Bài báo nàyđề xuất một số giải pháp nâng cao chất lượng NCKH của sinh viên trong trường Đại học Mỏ - Địa chất, qua đó từng bướcgóp phần nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo của nhà trường, đào tạo đội ngũ cán bộ khoa học trẻ kế cận phục vụ mục tiêu CNH, HĐH đất nước cũng như bắt kịp xu thế hội nhập toàn cầu.
Treatment of Hypertension in Adults Above the Age of 60
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul
Published: May 2017

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 1-2
Effect of Low Dose Oral Contraceptive Pill on Coagulation Status in Women with Normal and Low Body Mass Index
Authors: Kasem Setara Binte , Chowdhury TA , Razzaque Shaikh Abdur , Begum Ferdousi , Adiba Raisa , Anika Selma
Published: May 2017

Background: Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) is widely used by millions of women of various socioeconomic conditions.Use of low dose oestrogen and newer progesterone in OCP now associated with less thromboembolic and cardiovascular risk. The safety aspects of these pills had not been investigated in details in malnourished women of developing countries. In the present study the effects of the pillson coagulation status have been studied.Objective: To explore the effect of the most widely used low dose OCP (Shukhi) on coagulation status of Bangladeshi women with normal and low BMI(Body Mass Index). Materials and Methods: The study population group (n=29) comprised of women with normal BMI and the underweight group (n=11,BMI<18.5). Both groups use low dose OCP(30?g ethinyl estradiol and 150?g levonorgestrel) for 6-60 months. The coagulation status were assessed as follows: Plasma Fibrinogen, Prothrombin time and Platlete aggregation and Anticoagulation statuseg: AntithrombinIII (ATIII).Result:Coagulation status showed no significant difference in platelet aggregation between the groups. Plasma fibrinogen median value (450mg/dl) just exceeded the upper limit of reference range (normal range: 200-400mg/dl) in normal BMI. In contrast, the corresponding value in the low BMI (318mg/ dl) group was almost at the middle of the reference range. A significantly prolonged prothrombin time (13.80 seconds) was found in the low BMI group (p=0.058); values were still within the reference range (10-14 seconds). No significant correlation existed between plasma fibrinogen, prothrombin time and platelet aggregation in normal BMI or low BMI groups. Antithrombin IIIactivity in normal BMI group was 108% and in low BMI group it was 105%. Atendency of positive correlation existed between antithrombin III activity and BMI in low BMI pill users (r=0.591,p=0.072).Conclusion:The study suggested that a) Reported risk of procoagulant or thromboembolic changes in pill users is lower in low BMI &normal BMI and b) Low BMI users showed significantly longer prothrombin time due to the effect of malnutrition itself or due to the effect of pills in this nutritional background.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 3-8
Impact of Seminal Plasma Zinc and Serum Zinc Level on Semen Parameter of Fertile and Infertile Males
Authors: Fatima Parveen , Hossain Mohammad Moazzam , Rahman Dilruba , Mugni Chowdhury Rashedul , Hossain Humayra Bushra , Hossain Humayra Nawrin , Sumon GM
Published: May 2017

Background: Despite Zinc (Zn) deficiency being prevalent in humans, less emphasis has been given on the understanding of its impact on male reproduction. Spermatogenesis has a strict requirement for zinc. The relationship of seminal plasma zinc level and semen parameter until now is controversial.Objective : The study was done to find out the impact of seminal plasma zinc and serum zinc level on semen parameter of fertile and infertile males.Subjects and methods: The study was done in Center for Assisted Reproduction, a tertiary Infertility center in Dhaka and in the Biochemistry Department of Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Sixteen fertile males were taken as control and sixty nine infertile males were taken as cases. Semen analysis was done according to WHO criteria (2004). Serum zinc and seminal plasma zinc levels were measured in the Biochemistry Department of BSMMU by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.Result: Seminal parameters between fertile and infertile men showed significantly high sperm count, sperm motility, rapid linear motility, and morphology in fertile group. In fertile men, serum zinc level was lower than the infertile group, whereas the seminal plasma zinc level was higher in the fertile than the infertile group which was not statistically significant. In fertile men except for serum zinc, all parameters showed positive relationship; and in infertile men, except sperm morphology, all other parameters showed negative relationship. Seminal plasma zinc shows positive correlation with all semen parameters in fertile group and negative correlation in infertile group except for sperm morphology. There is negative correlation of serum zinc and seminal zinc-in both groups. Regarding other parameters, semen zinc shows positive correlation with all parameter except sperm morphology in fertile men and negative correlation with all parameter except sperm count in infertile men.Conclusion: Seminal zinc levels in fertile men are higher than those in the infertile patients although the serum zinc level is lower. Zinc levels in seminal plasma has a direct relationship with semen parameters. Zinc deficiency may be an important risk factor for low semen parameters and idiopathic male infertility.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 15-19
Acute Kidney Injury in Sick Neonate: Incidence and Outcome
Authors: Halder Soma , Hoque Md Mahbubul , Rahman Urmi , Sonia Sheikh Farjana , Biswas Sudhangshu Shekhar
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important clinical problem in sick neonate. In most patients, AKI accompanies with a predisposing factor such as sepsis, asphyxia and surgery. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence, associated contributing factors and short term outcome of AKI in hospitalized newborn infants.Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was done in Dhaka Shishu Hospital from March 2011 to September 2011. This study included 300 sick neonates admitted during the study period. AKI was defined when serum creatinine level >1.5 mg/dl and BUN was >20 mg/dl on two separate occasions at 24 hours apart. Oliguria was defined as urine output <1ml/kg/ hr. Medical records of those patients were reviewed and data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Fourteen babies (4.66%) out of 300 sick neonates had AKI, of whom 64.2% were male and 35.7% female. The term and preterm neonates were 71% and 29% respectively. While a normal birth weight was observed in 57% cases, 35% had low birth weight and 7.14% had very low birth weight. Sepsis was the most common (71%) association of AKI, followed by perinatal asphyxia (52%). All patients had more than one predisposing factors. Frequency of oliguric kidney injury was 57% and non-oliguric was 43%. Mortality among the hospitalized neonate with AKI was 21%.Conclusion: This study showed that in a tertiary care hospital AKI is not uncommon (4.66%) in neonatal care unit. It is associated with some preventable conditions such as sepsis, perinatal asphyxia and shock. Outcome is poor in sick neonates with AKI (21% mortality) in comparison to sick neonates without AKI (10.3%).J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 20-23
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents: An update
Authors: Begum Most Umme Habiba , Rahman Md Anisur
Published: May 2017

Childhood type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has increasingly been reported worldwide. It is commonly associated with childhood obesity.It may be presented with classical manifestation of DM such as polyuria, polydipsia, weight lossor acute complications like Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) or features of insulin resistance syndrome. Many a cases it may remain asymptomatic and hence undiagnosed.So,overweight children and adolescents who met screening criteria such as family history of type 2 DM, signs of insulin resistance, and high risk ethnics should undergo screening. Emphasis should be given on early diagnosis and optimum management plan to avoid grave consequences of it in early part of life. Diagnosis of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in children should be done on the basis of standard diagnostic criteria such as American Diabetic Association (ADA) criteria. Both non-pharmacological and drug management are important equally. Multidisciplinary team approach including self-management plan is mandatory for obtaining optimal therapeutic goals of type 2 DM in children and adolescents. Lifestyle modification, dietary intervention, weight reduction, patient education, psychological support, and oral anti diabetic drugs and insulin therapy should be included in comprehensive diabetic management plan. Complications of type 2 DM should be minimized by all means with strict glycemic control and management of co-morbidity if any. Emphasis should also be given on prevention of type 2 DM by adopting a healthy lifestyle characterized by healthy eating behavior, regular physical activity and subsequent modest weight loss that can prevent the progression of impaired glucose tolerance to clinical diabetes mellitus.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 24-30
Colouterine Fistula
Authors: Banu Laila Husna , Siddiqua Afroja , Siddique Sohana
Published: May 2017

Colouterine fistula is a extremely rare condition .It may be congenital,iatrogenic or secondary to malignancy.Here we report a congenital type of colouterine fistula with successful primary repair without hysterectomy in a nulliparous woman.Usually treatment of a parous women is hysterectomy followed by repair of rent in the colon.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 31-33
Aortoesophageal Fistula Caused by Descending Aortic Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Mahmood Shagufta , Hossain M Motahar , Hossain M Akhter
Published: May 2017

A 60 year old man presented in Square Hospitals LTD with hypovolaemic shock,and massive haematemesis.His BP was non-recordable with soft , non-tender abdomen and Hb was 8g/dl with normal prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time and normal platelets .By endoscopy and CT scans aortoesophageal fistula with aortic pseudoaneurysm was identified and immediate surgery was done with complete occlusion of the pseudoaneurysm ,which was confirmed by repeat CT scan.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 34-35
Dissociative Disorders with Haemolacria: Series of Case Reports
Authors: Rahman Md Shafiqur , Karim Md Rezaul , Islam Mohammed Misbahul , Karim Md Redwanul
Published: May 2017

Bloody tears (Haemolacria) are a rare symptom that can be caused by local or systemic pathology. It is one of the most alarming symptom in ophthalmology. Besides those, idiopathic cases have been reported. A case of hyperthyroidism where haemolacria was secondary to the condition has also been reported. Haemolacria are also reported as secondary to epistaxis. Psychogenic causes are described including Munchausen Syndrome by proxy. Here we describe a series of four cases of haemolacria along with bleeding from other sites, found as associated features of dissociative disorders. In this series, patients with age ranging from 14-17 years, three of them are female and one male have been included. Examination excluded local ocular and nasal pathology, coagulopathy and hyperthyroidism. In course of their illness, two of these cases met the DSM 5 criteria for both dissociative disorders and conversion disorders, rest of them have been diagnosed as mixed dissociative disorders. After appropriate intervention, three patients recovered completely and in one patient symptoms (also bleeding) recurred on re-exposure to the previous stress factors. We report three cases of Dissociative disorders and one with both dissociative and conversion disorder where bloody tears were one of the feature. To the best of our knowledge this is the first official report of its kind in Bangladesh.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 36-42
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
Authors: Begum Amena , Khanam Khaleda
Published: May 2017

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome is a rare and acute neuro-radiological entity, characterized by several symptoms of different aetiologies. The main etiologies of PRES are HTN, Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, Immunosuppressive therapy etc, but there are many unexplained causes too. Here we report a case of post-partum woman who developed PRES in post-operative period, who was complicated by the postdural puncture headache following spinal anesthesia- a rare and uncommon etiology.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 43-45
Atypical Presentation of Pretibial Myxoedema in Graves Disease
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul , Momen Abdul Basit Ibne , Khondokar Abul Kashem , Ahasan HAM Nazmul , Tahseen Homayra
Published: May 2017

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 46
From the Desk of Editor in Chief Vol.35(1)
Authors: Azad Khan Abul Kalam
Published: May 2017

Abstract not availableJ Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(1): 47