bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study on dynamic mechanical properties of TiB-whisker-reinforced Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Hao WANG , Zhaohui ZHANG , Qi SONG , Shipan YIN , Zhengyang HU , Xianyu Li
Published: November 2020

In this study, the titanium matrix composites (TMCs) reinforced by TiB whiskers (TiBw) were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The dynamic compression test was carried out to study the effect of TiBw content on dynamic mechanical properties of TiBw/TMCs. Results showed that the TiBw content (0.76vol%~6.84vol%) correspond to specific microstructure which affect the dynamic mechanical properties of the composites. Under high strain-rate (3100s−1), the 4.56 vol.% TiBw/TMCs showed the highest flow stress (~1968MPa) and strain (~15%). The absorbed energy increased first and then decreased with increase of TiB2 content, and the highest absorbed energy of 275.8 MJ.m−3 was achieve by TMC2. Besides, the analysis of fracture appearance indicated that TiBw dominates the failure of the TMCs, fractography of composites varies by the TiBw content of TMCs.
Properties of Friction Stir Welded 3003-H17 Aluminum Alloy at High Travel Speeds
Authors: Xu Anlian
Published: November 2020

As a new-type technology of solid state welding, friction stir welding (FSW) has a very good prospect for application. However, the welding speed is low in the practical application, and most of the time the welding speed is less than 500 mm/min, which hinders the large-scale commercial application of FSW. In this paper, 3003-H17 aluminum alloy plates of 5 mm thickness were butt welded by high speed FSW with travel speed at 1500 and 3000 mm/min and a constant tool rotation speed. The results show that 3003-H17 aluminum alloy can be successfully butt welded by high travel speed. And the UTS of weld joint decreases when the travel speed increases from 1500 mm/min to 3000 mm/min at a constant tool rotation speed of 2000 rpm and shoulder plunge depth of 0.2 mm. The joint efficiency reaches 87% at travel speed of 1500 mm/min, tool rotation speed of 2000 rpm and shoulder plunge depth of 0.2 mm.
Design method of compression-bending arches with web openings considering local buckling of web
Authors: Xi Kuantang , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2020

This paper studies the in-plane stability design method of two-hinged steel arches with web openings I-shaped cross sections when local web buckling is allowed. The paper compares two types of failure mechanisms, namely, global buckling and local buckling. Based on the analogy of calculation formula of beam bending, the author proposes a formula for calculating the bearing capacity when web buckling is taken into consideration.
An Eigen Expansion Method for Elastic Boundary Conditions
Authors: Zhang WX , Yang LM
Published: November 2020

With the aid of symplectic system, the mechanical problems related to elastic plates are studied. Using this method, displacement and stress components are taken as basic variables, so it is no longer necessary to make assumptions like the semi inverse method, and thus a set of concrete methods for dealing with non-homogeneous equations and boundary conditions are given. The mechanical response of elastic plates under external forces is discussed.
Research on the Characteristics of Greases of Nano - Modified MoS2 Additive on the Basis of CTAB
Authors: Sheng feng XIONG , Xiu xiang CHU
Published: November 2020

The effects of nano-MoS2 as additive and CTAB modified MOS2 as additive on the properties and mechanism of Lithium Grease were investigated. The maximum bite-free load (PB), sintering load (PD), cone penetration, Shear Stability, drop point and Steel Mesh separation of grease were tested according to the performance test standard of Grease Quality Index. The effects of nano-MoS2 and CTAB on the physical and chemical properties of lithium-based Grease were studied by comparing the physical and chemical data of three samples: lithium-based Grease without additives, lithium-based grease with nano-MoS2 and lithium-based grease with CTAB. The surface structure of nano-MoS2 modified by CTAB was analyzed by Scanning electron microscope method. The results showed that CTAB was uniformly adhered to the surface of nano-MoS2, and the surface energy of nano-MoS2 was decreased, it helps to disperse the grease more evenly and stably. The results show that CTAB can modify the surface of MOS2 and reduce the surface energy of MOS2, and the surface energy of MOS2 can be decreased by using Fourier infrared scanner. Combining the physical and chemical properties of the Lithium Grease with the SEM and Fourier infrared scanning data, the nano-MoS2 modified by CTAB as additive can improve the performance of lubricating grease better than nano-MoS2 without surface modification, and disperse in lubricating grease more evenly and stably, thus, the colloidal structure of the lubricating grease is more stable.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Preheated Air and Air-fuel Ratio on the Combustion Temperature of Natural Gas Cupola
Authors: Li Guangpeng , Zhou Hengchao , Wang Qi
Published: November 2020

In order to improve the combustion temperature, this paper took 2t/h natural gas cupola as an example, designed the performance experimental systems, discussed and analyzed the influence of critical factors such as air-fuel ratio and preheated air temperature on the combustion temperature in the furnace. The results showed that the combustion temperature can reach the highest value by controlling the air-fuel ratio around 9. 8. The increase or decrease of air-fuel ratio can reduce the temperature, increasing the amount of air decreased the amount of smoke and taking away a lot of the heat, and decreasing the amount of air resulted in incomplete combustion. The combustion temperature can be increased by increasing the temperature of preheated air. The temperature rise rate is about 35°C for every 100°C increase below 200°C, and 55°C for every 100°C increase after 200°C.
Study on Prevention of Postoperative Abdominal Adhesions with PLGA Nanofiber Membrane
Authors: MengQing Sun , RuiZhe Tan , Peng Li , Peng Zou
Published: November 2020

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofiber membrane on prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesion. Methods: PLGA nanofiber membrane was prepared by high-voltage electrospinning technique. The effectiveness of the membrane in prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions was characterized with rat abdominal adhesion models. Results: PLGA nanofiber membrane was prepared successfully by electrospinning technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that the average diameter of PLGA fibers was approximately 800 nm, and the membrane had microporous structures. Mechanical tests showed that the tensile strength of PLGA nanofiber membrane was 6.36 ± 0.39 MPa, which was significantly higher than the tensile strength of DIKANG absorbable medical film. The results of in vivo experiments showed that PLGA nanofiber membrane and DIKANG absorbable medical film could both reduce the degree of abdominal adhesions. The histological results showed that there was only a small extent of inflammatory cell infiltration in the PLGA group and the control group. The proliferation of connective tissue was reduced, and so was the degree of adhesion. Conclusion: PLGA nanofiber membrane can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of postoperative adhesions, and bodes well for future clinical applications.
Research on Testing Equipment for Anti-impact Performance of Building Guardrails
Authors: Su Zhonghua , Fan Lichang , Liu Zhongming , Sun Yang , Deng Xiaodong
Published: November 2020

The detection status and existing problems of the anti-soft and heavy object impact performance of glass and metal guardrails for buildings were briefly described in the article. A set of detection equipment was designed for the shortcomings, which mainly included guardrail installation devices, height positioning devices, and impact control systems. It has the advantages of small size, low cost, simple operation, high efficiency and low uncertainty, etc. In addition, the influence of factors such as installation quality and test environment on the test results can be excluded, which greatly improves the accuracy and fairness of the test results.
Calculation of Thermal Stress in Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Line Contact
Authors: Lu Zunyou , Lu Yanjun
Published: November 2020

A numerical method is proposed to calculate the surface thermal stresses of solids in thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of line contact. According to the method, the material line thermal expansion coefficients of lubricated contact surface are calculated after obtaining the pressure and temperature that meet the convergence conditions, then the thermal stresses are calculated. The results show that the values of the circumferential thermal stress and the axial thermal stress are negative. Both the circumferential thermal stress and the axial thermal stress are compressive stresses. When the entrainment speed Increases, the absolute values of the circumferential and axial thermal stresses become larger.
Energy Method on Dynamic Buckling of Cylindrical Shell with Simply-Fixed Supported subjected to Axial Impact of Rigid Mass
Authors: Xin Zhaowei , Han Zhijun
Published: November 2020

Based on the energy method, considering the stress wave effect, the buckling problem of cylindrical shell subjected to impact is studied. Substituting the Lagrange function and the trial function satisfied the boundary condition into the second Lagrange equation. After the second-order linear partial differential equation is obtained, the analytical expression of the critical buckling speed of a rigid mass impacting cylindrical shell is obtained by analyzing the properties of the equations. The influence of critical length, impact mass, axial mode number, circumferential mode number and diameter-thickness ratio on buckling is discussed by analyzing the examples. The results show that the stress wave effect, initial kinetic energy and diameter-thickness ratio have a significant effect on the dynamic buckling of cylindrical shells; the higher-order modes of buckling and the buckling of cylindrical shell are easily motivated by high-speed impact.
Shaking-table test on seismic motion compressed characteristics in a liquefied soil
Authors: Xu Chengshun , Dou Pengfei , Chen Su , Gao Liucheng , Du Xiuli
Published: November 2020

The seismic motion compressed characteristic is a key issue on liquefied soil-structure shaking table model test. A series of shaking table tests were performed to study the seismic motion duration compression characteristics on the dynamic response of liquefied soil. Macroscopic phenomena and dynamic pore water pressure were measured and analyzed. Experimental results showed that the intensity and frequency of seismic motion had a significant influence on the dynamic response of the liquefied soil. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of soil liquefaction and the frequency filtering effects were obvious when inputting longer duration seismic motion. The liquefied soil was more sensitive to the seismic motion, which was compressed according to the predominant frequency of the foundation. In addition, it is suggested that the uncompressed seismic motion was more appropriate on the liquefied soil-structure model in 1g shaking table tests.
Influence of Profile Parameters on Radial Leakage Line Length of Variable Tooth Thickness Scroll Compressor
Authors: Jian-ji WANG , Ya-dong WU , Zhi-chen JING , Bo LIU
Published: November 2020

In order to accurately calculate the radial length of leak line of scroll compressor of variable tooth thickness, with three sections of circle involute type of scroll line as the research object, according to the type line equation to obtain the geometric model of variable tooth thickness radial leakage line length calculation model was set up, numerical solution, through accurate profile parameters was studied (Base circle radius, Connection point, Turning radius, etc.) on the influence of the length of leak line of change. Results show that the model could accurately describe the radial length of leak line of instantaneous change rule, and got the type line parameter change on the influence of the radial length of leak line of law, and the best control the length of leak line type line parameters, providing theoretical basis for reducing radial leakage scroll compressor, at the same time, the model also applies to other type line leak line length calculation.
The Characteristic Frequency Extraction of Helicopter Fault Signal Based on AR Model Estimation
Authors: Niu Penghui , Wang Zhen , Jia Ke , Liu Suyong
Published: November 2020

It is very important to extract the characteristic frequency of helicopter mechanical fault signal, which is directly related to the accuracy of fault diagnosis and the reliability of early fault prediction. The traditional characteristic frequency extraction of fault signal mostly uses the spectrum analysis method based on Fourier analysis. The algorithm of this method is simple, but has high requirements on SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) and sampling time. In this paper, researchers use the AR model spectral estimation method based on the modern spectral estimation theory to study the characteristic frequency extraction of helicopter mechanical fault signal. The simulation results show that the effect is better.
Research and application of quality assurance evaluation method for wind turbines based on operating data
Authors: Li Guanglei , Zhang Yuanpeng , Yuan Shuai , Li Junen , Wang Dehua , Xu Zheng , Wang Yuejiao , Yuan Sen
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of china wind power, a large number of wind turbines will reach the warranty period in the next few years. As an important part of the acceptance evaluation work, power performance assessment is receiving more and more attention. In order to objectively and efficiently evaluate the power curve performance of wind farm units during the warranty period, this paper uses SCADA data to perform power curve evaluation, develops the evaluation method, and uses wind speed to correct the results. Finally, combined with the actual case of wind farm, the feasibility of this estimation method is verified. The method proposed in this paper provides a basis for conducting wind power quality assurance acceptance.
Remote performance evaluation, life prediction and fault diagnosis of RV reducer for industrial robot
Authors: Zhi Hou , Yangi-Shang
Published: November 2020

For the reason of complex maintenance technology, long maintenance time and large downtime loss, the remote monitoring technology and intelligent diagnosis method are introduced into fault diagnosis of industrial robots; a remote fault diagnosis technology of industrial robots based on intelligent algorithm is proposed. The remote fault diagnosis platform of industrial robot is constructed, and three-layer architecture is designed, which is composed of perception layer, information transmission layer and fault diagnosis layer. RV Reducer of industrial robot is selected as fault diagnosis object, the state information of reducer is collected and processed, the signal processing and feature extraction are carried out by information fusion technology, performance state is evaluated by support vector machine, the remaining life is predicted by grey Markov model, and the potential fault is diagnosed by Bayesian network. The diagnosis results will provide decision support for reducer maintenance, and it will improve the maintenance efficiency, reliability level and user satisfaction.
Function clustering analysis method based on C-Bézier curves
Authors: Shi Mao , Zhang Ruowei
Published: November 2020

With the development of machine learning and big data research, curve clustering analysis has become an important part of multivariate statistics. After analyzing the pros and cons of existing curve clustering methods based on polynomial basis, we present a curve clustering method based on power basis and trigonometric function. Using the L2 norm as a closeness measurement, the C-Bézier curve is introduced into the construction of the curve clustering algorithm to achieve the connection between curve clustering and traditional multivariate statistical clustering methods. As an application, a functional clustering example using the average price of several major foods in 50 cities as the object to verify the results shows that such curves can achieve better clustering results.
Finite Element Simulation of Steel Column Considering Corrosion Morphology
Authors: Li Lvjia , Xu Shanhua
Published: November 2020

This paper carries out the three-dimensional scanning and eccentric compression bearing capacity test of a corroded steel column, which is obtained from the artificial accelerated corrosion test, and through the finite element software, establishes a finite element model considering the true corrosion morphology of the compressed flange and the web to study the effect of corrosion on the ultimate bearing capacity of steel column. The research result shows that the surface of rusted steel is rough, and the stress distribution is uneven. The maximum stress point is often occurred at the bottom of the rust pit, and there is stress concentration at the rust pit. Corrosion causes a significant reduction in the bearing capacity of the steel column. The numerical analysis method considering corrosion morphology can accurately predict the failure mode and ultimate bearing capacity of eccentric compression corroded steel column.
Research on the Framework Design of NQI Service Cloud Platform in the Field of Smart Grid Measurement
Authors: Fang Xu , Liu Yongguang , Wang Yong , Wang Jun
Published: November 2020

The quality control of smart meters exists in production enterprises and power grid companies respectively. Their data are not connected, which leads to the lack of comprehensive control in the whole life cycle of smart meter design, manufacturing and operation scrap, which results in the overall quality level of smart meter industry is limited. The NQI service cloud platform in the field of smart grid measurement takes cloud computing technology as the core and NQI quality service as the process to mine and analyze the quality data of smart meters in the whole life cycle, so as to achieve the overall quality improvement of smart meter industry. In this paper, the service cloud platform architecture is designed by analyzing the service scenario, the quality evaluation index system and the data model of intelligent power meter.
Design of a novel magnetorheological transmission device
Authors: Bilendo Simoni M. , Xuli Zhu
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a new approach in the design of a novel magnetorheological transmission device (MRTD) that employs electromagnetic coil as a part of the stator. MRTD is a torque transmission device which uses magnetorheological fluid (MR fluid) as the transmission medium. MRTD can provide controllable torque and speed by adjusting the external applied magnetic field. The novel MRTD operates under the combination of shear-squeeze mode of MR fluid, which improves the working performance and reduces the adverse effect of centrifugal force. In this study, modes of operation of MR fluids and design parameters of MRTD were described briefly. Next, the material selection was specified, magnetic circuit was conducted, as well as the theoretical torque of MRTD. Finite element analysis was created solving the total magnetic flux density within the MRTD. A prototype MRTD was fabricated, its transmission characteristics were analysed, which mainly included torque transmission and speed control analysis. The results show that torque increases gradually as the current increases, and torque is linear with respect to the input current. The output speed increases significantly with steps of (0.10 A) increment. With further increase, the MRTD can reach synchronous speed. The MRTD shows excellent performance for various application.
Analysis on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Brass Connecting Nut Utilized in Pneumatic Mechanism for 500kV Tank Circuit Breaker
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhang Tao , Wang Yingjun , Zheng Jianjun
Published: November 2020

Circuit breaker is an on-load device that can interrupt load or short-circuit current. Recently, failure of component used in circuit breaker occurs frequently, thus the safety and stability of power grids is severely affected. In this paper, the fracture cause of a brass connecting nut of tank circuit breaker for 500 kV substation was investigated by means of macro-morphology inspection, chemical composition analysis, microstructure analysis, fracture morphology analysis, numerical simulation and energy spectrum analysis. The result showed that the fracture of the brass connecting nut was mainly caused by stress corrosion and stress concentration. Meanwhile the poor mechanical properties due to improper manufacture process, accelerated the development of the stress corrosion cracking of the brass connecting nut.
Design and Calculation of Hydraulic Transmission System of Loader
Authors: Jing Zhou , Qi Han
Published: November 2020

In order to give full play to the power of the engine, it is necessary to find the operating point of the engine and the hydraulic torque converter working together. This paper designs the hydraulic shift system of ZL50 loader with advanced mechanism theory. Firstly, the hydraulic variable speed system of the loader is designed according to the speed and maximum traction of the loader. Then, by calculating the traction characteristics of the loader and the heating of the drive system and evaluating its performance, it provides a reliable theoretical basis for the overall design of the loader.
Dynamic behavior of a breakwater triggered by seepage, earthquake action, and wave pressure
Authors: Lai Jie , Wang You-cai , Liu Yun
Published: November 2020

The dynamic stability analysis of the breakwater is investigated under the actions of seepage, earthquakes, and waves. The research indicates that a non-liquefiable layer is a useful way to prevent the adverse effects of soil liquefaction and to improve the stability of the breakwater. Because of a covering layer of thicker non-liquefied soil, the breakwater will not undergo large liquefied deformation under the coupled actions of seepage, earthquakes, and waves. The dynamic soil pressure response on both sides of the breakwater is more noticeable as the soil depth increases.
Study on the Complete Decarburization of Spring Steel 55SiCrA during Rolling
Authors: Qin Shuchao , Yang Dong , Dong Qing , Huang Cuihuan
Published: November 2020

The rolling test of 55SiCrA spring steel wire rod was carried out with different finishing rolling temperature and laying temperature. The results show that different rolling processes can form different types of complete decarburization. Through temperature measurement and metallographic examination of process samples, it is found that the surface of the rolled piece has formed a complete decarburization layer during the rolling process. However, by setting proper finishing rolling temperature and laying temperature, the deformation heat of high-speed rolling can transform complete decarburization into austenite and avoid complete decarburization of 55SiCrA spring steel wire rod.
Experimental Evidence of Gas Hydrates Dissociation Kinetics by Shifting their Equilibrium Conditions
Authors: Marinakis Dimitris , Varotsis Nikos
Published: November 2020

The scope of this study is to define the rates under which multi-component gas hydrates contained in the pore space of a mud volcanos’ (MV) sediments may decompose in gas and water phase as a result of pressure decrease or temperature increase. Such cases can be encountered during retrieval and handling of pristine samples from the sea floor, or due to an increase of hot mud fluxes from underneath the MV area. Both of the aforementioned shifts of conditions have been studied in the bulk liquid phase of a reactor, while pressure decrease has also been studied in a piston vessel containing artificial sediment at the Centre for Gas Hydrates Research, HW University, Edinburgh.

The results indicate that gas hydrate dissociation progresses much faster with pressure decrease than with temperature increase. Moreover, depressurization at temperatures above 15°C causes higher dissociation rates in comparison to that at lower temperatures.
Characteristic of the Mount Colo Volcano, Una-Una Island, Central Sulawesi Province: Tectonic Evolution and Disaster Mitigation
Authors: Sendjaja Purnama , Suparka Emmy , Abdullah Chalid I. , Sucipta IGB Eddy
Published: November 2020

The Una-Una Island is in the Gulf of Tomini, Central Sulawesi Province. This island is a soliter active volcano island with Mount Colo as volcano name. The island is located between the North Arm and East Arm of Sulawesi, which are having complex tectonic regime, situated between two subduction zones. Volcanic rocks from Una-Una Island are basaltic-trachyandesite until trachydasite composition with magma affinity is calk-alkaline, high-K calk-alkaline and shoshonite. Tectonic reconstruction in this area started at Miocene (15 Ma) where the Celebes Sea Plate subducted below the North Arm of Sulawesi with a gentle slope produced adakite-type volcanic rocks. Along with the continuous subduction process and increasingly steep angle of subduction, the magma source then underwent. Intensive movement of the Banggai-Sula microcontinent, resulted in obduction of the ophiolite during collision, whereas volcanic activity in Una-Una Island and surrounding islands are still ongoing. Recent eruption of the Mount Colo in 1983 produced abundant of pyroclastic material with acid silica and still adakite type composition with mineralogical assemblages consist of hornblende-phlogophite-biotite, gives the impression that it originated from the same magma sources. According to composition of magma and eruption history which were produced magmatic explosion followed by pyroclastic surge, flow and fall, the disaster mitigation focus to eruption forecasting through visual and instrumental monitoring provide by Centre for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Geological Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republic of Indonesia.
Volcanostratigraphy of Krakatoa Islands, South Lampung District, Lampung Province
Authors: Ismail Taufik , Abdurrachman Mirzam , Rizal Yan , Hardjawidjaksana Kumala
Published: November 2020

The research area is within the territory of Nature Preserve and Marine Preserve region of Krakatoa Islands, South Lampung District, Lampung Province. The study aims to determine the surface geological, mapped on a scale of 1: 20,000, and to determine the geological history that forms the Krakatoa Islands. Volcanostratigraphy is made by combined from literature studied, shoreline analysis, petrographic analysis and field observation. From these results, it is poured into a map of geological outcrops, maps of volcanostratigraphy profiles, geological maps and geological sections. Volcanostratigraphy on the research area is divided into 30 rock units that consists of 22 lava, 8 pyroclastic and allvuial. Geological structure that developed in the research area in the form of secondary structure that is crater and caldera, and the primary structure that is sheeting joinnt, columnar joint, vesicular and autobreccia. New and detailed geological map of Krakatoa volcano is presented.
The nature of ultramafic rocks from Sulawesi, Indonesia and their suitability for CO2 sequestration
Authors: Sufriadin  , Widodo S , Thamrin M , Maulana A , Ito A , Otake T
Published: November 2020

Petrological and geochemical characterization of some ultramafic rock samples from Sulawesi has been conducted with the aim at deciphering physico-chemical properties in relation to their potential use as carbon dioxide storage. Mineralogical analysis was performed by means of optical microscopy and whole rock chemical compositions of the samples were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. Results of analyses show that lizardite is predominant serpentine mineral present, followed by chrysotile and trace amount of magnetite. Remnants of olivine and pyroxene were detected in some samples but they have been pseudomorphically replaced by serpentine. Serpentinization of Sulawesi ultramafic rocks has led to transformation of olivine and lesser pyroxene become secondary phases mainly lizardite and minor chrysotile. This process also has changed the properties of rocks such as reduction in grain size and decreasing in density. Relatively higher MgO concentration combined with fine grained and porous rocks indicate that some Sulawesi ultramafic rocks are good candidate as the host for mineral carbonation. Fosteritic olivine and serpentine (lizardite) are the most soluble Mg-rich minerals in acid. Carbonation may occurs where Mg2+ readily reacts with CO2 forming thermodynamicly stable magnesite (MgCO3)
Transformation of Fallow Yard Become Potential for Agribusiness of Dragon Fruit
Authors: Suparwata Dewa Oka , Djibran Moh. Muchlis
Published: November 2020

The development of Dragon fruit plant can be a starting point which have an impact on the income of the local community in the rural area. The purpose of this research is to examine the level of profits from the transformation of the fallow yard into a potential for sustainability of Dragon fruit plant. This study is designed using survey approach, which was carried out in the village of Banuroja sub-district of Randangan Regency Marisa. The sample is 48 respondents specified from 30% of the total population (160 farmers). The data analyzed with acceptance analysis, income, B/C ratio and R/C Ratio. The results showed that: the average farming total cost is Rp 2,677,794/year, average admission is Rp 8,495,292/year, the average income of farming the dragon fruit in the yard is the Rp 5,817,498/year. Analysis of R/C ratio values acquired for 3.2 while the value of the B/C ratio obtained is 2.2. This indicates that the Dragon fruit farming in bero grounds that are done by the farmers of the village of Banuroja is feasible to be developed. For increased profits of farming needed a touch of technology and strategic management of agribusiness-based yard management.
Numerical Investigation of the nanofluid mixed convection on two layers enclosure with rotating cylinder: High Darcy Number Effects
Authors: Abdulsahib Ahmed Dhafer , Al-Farhany Khaled
Published: November 2020

The present study, numerically investigated of mixed convection in a square enclosure with two layers, with Al2O3–water nanofluid (upper layer) and nano-porous medium (lower layer) with an adiabatic rotating circular cylinder at the center of the enclosure. The top and bottom walls are assumed adiabatic, while the left sidewall is heated, and the right sidewall kept cooled. Numerically, COMSOL code based on the Galerkin finite element method used for solved the dimensionless governing equations. The non-dimensional parameters that used in this study are: Rayleigh number (Ra) ranged from 103 up to 106, Darcy number (Da) equal to 10−3, the angular rotational velocity (Ω) ranged (0 and 6000), the solid volume fraction (ɸ=0.06), and the inner circular cylinder radius as (R = 0.2). The results showed that when Rayleigh numbers increase, a noticeable increase in the flow intensity and the steep temperature gradient, while the values increase when the cylinder rotates. The value of the local Nusselt number was high in the upper half of the cavity. The effect of the cylinder rotates is greater on the value of the local Nusselt number when using the low Rayleigh Numbers.
Prediction of Mechanical, Thermal and Electrical Properties of Wool/Glass Fiber based Hybrid Composites
Authors: Ogaili Ahmed Ali Farhan , Abdulla Fadhel Abbas , Al-Sabbagh Muhanad Nazar Mustafa , Waheeb Ruaa Rafil
Published: November 2020

The mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of wool and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy-based hybrid composites were investigated experimentally. Three different types of the composite material were manufactured. The first type was plain woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy with 50% volume fraction. The second type consisted of natural fiber (Wool) reinforced epoxy with 50% volume fraction. The third type was hybrid natural wool and plain woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy with 50% volume fraction (25% fiber + 25% wool).

The results showed that the hybrid composite specimens have higher values of the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and flexural strength compared with the wool specimens, while these values are less than that for glass fiber specimens. The values of the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity are arranged in an ascending order as follows: wool/epoxy, wool-glass/epoxy, and glass/epoxy composites.
Efficient and Robust Filtering Method for Medical CT Images
Authors: Ahmed Anas Fouad , Al-Kaseem Bilal R. , Taha Zahraa Khduair
Published: November 2020

This paper introduces a new approach to ensure the certainty of medical diagnosis by eliminating the salt-and-pepper noise (SPN) in medical applications for both gray and coloured computed tomography (CT) images. The proposed approach is based on median filter which utilized for value-preserving and edge-preserving in digital image processing applications, Thus, the proposed approach is called improved adaptive median filter (IAMF). In contrast to the available research in the literature, the introduced method is characterized by the high filtering quality, robust in different noise intensities (low, medium and high) and computed efficiently. The obtained results of the filtering process have been analysed in terms of four main metrics: peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), structure similarity (SSIM), universal image quality (UIQ) and filter average execution time (AET). The test scenarios were conducted using MATLAB 2019a running on Windows 10 computer. The success of the proposed filter has been validated by the statistical analysis based on the aforementioned metrics using gray and coloured medical CT images. For the worst case scenario in gray and coloured CT images when the noise intensity is 90%, the IAMF enhances the PSNR by 108-129%, the SSIM by 105-153% and the UIQ by 97-100% when they were compared to different filters that existed in the recent literature. These ratios depend on the image quality and image resolution. Moreover, the filter execution time has been improved by five times in gray scenarios and four times in coloured scenarios. Finally, the obtained results are visually verified as well.
Detection of vehicle with Infrared images in Road Traffic using YOLO computational mechanism
Authors: Mahmood Mohammed Thakir , Ahmed Saadaldeen Rashid Ahmed , Ahmed Mohammed Rashid Ahmed
Published: November 2020

Vehicle counting is an important process in the estimation of road traffic density to evaluate the traffic conditions in intelligent transportation systems. With increased use of cameras in urban centers and transportation systems, surveillance videos have become central sources of data. Vehicle detection is one of the essential uses of object detection in intelligent transport systems. Object detection aims at extracting certain vehicle-related information from videos and pictures containing vehicles. This form of information collection in intelligent systems is faced with low detection accuracy, inaccuracy in vehicle type detection, slow processing speeds. In this research, we propose a vehicle detection system from infrared images using YOLO (You Look Only Once) computational mechanism. The YOLO mechanism can apply different machine or deep learning algorithms for accurate vehicle type detection. In this study we propose an infrared based technique to combine with YOLO for vehicle detection in traffic. This method will be compared with a machine learning technique of K-means++ clustering algorithm, a deep learning mechanism of multitarget detection and infrared imagery using convolutional neutral network
The effect of residential building façade design on energy consumption for hot desert climate
Authors: Hassan Susan Abed
Published: November 2020

One of the most prominent parts of the building envelop that exposed to the external environment is the facade of building due to the pressure of environmental conditions as compare to the rest of building. Previous literatures had presented many researches in this field, but the study of the effect of the residential building façade design in reducing the energy consumption of buildings had not been adequately addressed for hot desert climate. The aim of this research is to determine the design characters for the façade of residential buildings. That includes wall materials, window to wall ratio, and the shape of windows, that reduce energy consumption in summer session. To achieve this goal, a typical type of two stories residential building had been adopted and tested by software simulation program to estimate the energy performance. The results showed that most efficient materials for the façade were the thermostone block with brick claddings. As for orientation the best results was for north elevation. And for window to wall ratio the best value was 20%.
Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Based on CT Scans Using CNN
Authors: Al-Yasriy Hamdalla F. , AL-Husieny Muayed S. , Mohsen Furat Y. , Khalil Enam A. , Hassan Zainab S.
Published: November 2020

Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancer types; thousands of peoples are infected with this type of cancer, and if they do not discover it in the early stages of the disease, then the chance of surviving of the patient will be very poor. For the suggested reasons above and to help in overcoming this terrible, early diagnosis with the assistance of artificial intelligence procedures most needed. Through this research, a Computer-aided system introduced for detecting lung cancer in a dataset collected from the Iraqi hospitals by using a convolutional neural network technique with AlexNet architecture for helping with the diagnosis of the patient’s cases: normal, benign, or malignant. The proposed model gives high accuracy ups to 93.548%. The other performance metrics comes with high values such as 95.714% for sensitivity and 95% for Specificity.
Emissions Investigating of Carbon Dioxide Generated by the Iraqi Cement Industry
Authors: Hason Mahir Mahmod , Al-Sulttani Ali Omran , Abbood Imad Shakir , Hanoon Ammar Nasiri
Published: November 2020

The most used material in the world after water is concrete, which depends mainly on its manufacture of cement leading to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), flying dust, and other greenhouse gasses (GHGs) resulting in pollution of the atmosphere. The emission of CO2 from cement production is approximately 5% of the global anthropogenic CO2. This research focuses on investigating the amount of CO2 emission from the Iraqi General Cement Company plants includes the cement factories of Kirkuk, Al-Qa’em, Fallujah, and Kubaisa, using the GHGs Protocol Measures Program (specifically cement based-method). The data required for cement production was provided by the Iraqi Ministry of Industry and Minerals throughout 25 years. The results showed that the largest amount of CO2 emissions cumulatively over 25 years was from the Kubaisa plant with an average emission amount of approximately 7,613,605 tons/25 years. While the lowest cumulative amount of emission was by Fallujah cement plant represented by about 868,341 tons/25 years. On the other hand, the highest and lowest production amount was from Kubaisa and Fallujah plants at 105% and 0.6% in 1989 and 2008 respectively relative to the design capacity. Shifting to renewable and clean energies that limit the amount of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere is highly recommended, although this requires facing problematic challenges.
The Performance of IoT Malware Detection Technique Using Feature Selection and Feature Reduction in Fog Layer
Authors: Khammas Ban Mohammed
Published: November 2020

The rapid increase in the number of devices connected to internet (IoT) lead to expansion in the attacks that targeting these devices. One of these dangers attacks is malware which embedded with IoT devices that makes the detection for such malware is extremely challenging. The machine learning is one of the most effective techniques that used to detect different types of attacks in IoT environment. This technique includes three main stages: feature extraction, feature selection, and classification. The feature selection is the most important stage in ML technique because it contributes to minimizing the size of features which significantly accelerate the detection system. In this stage, most researchers trend to use one of three methods; feature selection, feature reduction and hybrid between feature selection and reduction. The present research aims to present a comparative study between the effect of using feature selection method and feature reduction method on the performance of the IoT malware detection system. The results showed that the proposed technique could achieved an accuracy about 97% when using feature selection method only. These results emphasize that feature selection method is more efficient than the feature reduction method in detection IoT malware.
Study the Response Of The Wind Turbine System under Realistic Working Conditions Using Simulink
Authors: Abdullah Oday I. , Alhamadani Ahmed , Abbood Wisam T.
Published: November 2020

In recent years, there has been a very rapid development in the field of clean energy due to the huge increase in the demand, which prompted the manufacturers and the designers to increase the efficiency and operating life of the energy systems and especially for wind turbine. It can be considered that the control unit is the main key of the wind turbines. Consequently, it’s essential to understanding the working principle of this unit and spotlight on the factors which influence significantly on the performance of wind turbine system. Simulink technique is proposed to find the response of the wind turbine system under different working conditions. In this paper, it was investigated the influence of the rotational speed, type of generator on the response of the wind turbine system.
A review on development of solar thermal flat plate collector
Authors: Shandal Jafer , Abed Qahtan A.
Published: November 2020

Solar thermal collectors are most frequent type of solar energy applications. Solar collector is a type of heat exchanger where heat exchanges take place between a distance source and a moving heat transfer fluid in the collector. Solar collectors can be categorized as concentrated and non-concentrating according to their design. In this present work, the most important studies that dealt with the development in the manufacture of collectors were reviewed. Studies differed according to the type of improvement discussed, such as use of obstacles, type of fin, absorber plate design, nanofluid as heat transfer fluid and use of enhancement devices. Researchers can take advantage of simulation programs to get the best experiences at the lowest cost and time.
Enhancement throughput and increase security of image transmitted over wireless network using (DNC)
Authors: Mohsin Marwa Jaleel , Marzog Heyam A. , Therib Mohammed Azher
Published: November 2020

This paper diagnose the problem of exchanging images among multiple nodes of wireless networks through using DNC (digital network coding). Our algorithm is introduced new technique in simple design to transmitting image with more security through relay nodes. We used DNC technique for enhancing the throughput, efficiency and scalability, as well as resilience to attacks and eavesdropping of the wireless network. The relay node of the proposed algorithm network receiving and combining the two images of two transceiver nodes that need for exchanging the data using XOR MATLAB function and retransmit it over AWGN channel with different values. We using (512*512) RGB-JPEG images. The modulation scheme that used in the proposing algorithm 64-QAM, the receivers applying Median filter to improve the received data. Many standers are used to testing the algorithm such as PSNR, MSE, BER, the entropy and SSIM. The algorithm was simulated by MATLAB 2015a.
Impact of Use Septic Tank Sludge for the application as Pozzolanic Material in high performance concrete
Authors: Ghali Zainab Abdul sattar , Owaid Haider Mohammed , Mohammed Weam Abdulwahhab
Published: November 2020

The disposal of septic tank sludge (SS) delivered from wastewater treatment plants is progressively getting to be a risk to the environment for includes Organic compounds which are scary to the public health and environment; over-volumes are every day created and deficiency of relevant landfill sites for wastes. This study aims to explore the impact of septic tank sludge as partial substitutions of ordinary Portland cement (PC) within the production of high-performance concrete (HPCs). The water/binder (W/B) ratio of all kinds of blends is fixed at 0.36 with total binder content of 492 kg/m3. The concrete mixtures, in portion, are replaced with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of SS, individually. The impact of SS used to be analyzed through physical and chemical tests. The workability test of HPC was once decided to utilize the slump flow, Meanwhile compressive strength and tensile strength splitting experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of septic tank sludge on the hardened properties of HPC. The results demonstrated that SS may be a responsive pozzolanic material (PM) ; consequently which could be used as PM in concrete mixes. The concrete blend contains 5% cement substitution with SS illustrated to improve hardened properties of concrete at the all-age of specimens evaluated by comparing to concrete control. Sensibly, the substitution of 20 % septic tank sludge is desirable for creating high-performance concrete.
Experimental study for laminar forced convection heat transfer enhancement from horizontal tube heated with constant heat flux, by using different types of porous media
Authors: Youssif Yasir Fayez , Kadhum Mahdi Hatf , Ali Ahmed Hammodi
Published: November 2020

Forced convective heat transfer for water flowing through a circular pipe oriented horizontally has been investigated experimentally. the pipe was heated at constant heat flux and also packed with two different types of particles (steel and mixture of steel & plastic) as a porous media.

The flow features are an internal, laminar, incompressible and steady flow for a wide range of Reynolds numbers (500,1000 and 1500) with variable heat flux (200, 400 and 600 W) for each case and three times for each number.

The experimental results comprehended temperature recording on different positions of test sections at steady state depending on the effect of the porous media type and Reynolds number employed (which indicate to the mass flux) in addition to the value of heat flux. The results of the study are represented in terms of temperature distribution to show temperature behaviors in the pipe, besides other diagrams uptake relation of the local and average Nusselt number with data aforementioned above. For each porous type, the results show an increase in local and average Nusselt number with increasing of the Reynold number for steel and mixture porous media respectively. It has obverse from this study that in a porous steel media the heat transfer will occur mainly by conduction, while in the other types of porous media that the heat transfer will occur mainly by forced convection.