bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of isometric quadriceps in reduce pain in patients of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Warsono Warsono , Rachmawati Anita , Fahmi Faradisa Yuanita
Published: March 2022

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that often occurs, both in Indonesia and abroad. OA is characterized by progressive destruction of joint cartilage and causes structural changes in the joints. OA disease from grades 1 to 4 has symptoms that are usually difficult for the sufferer's life. One of these symptoms is joint pain, but reducing pain intensity, especially OA grades 1 to 3, it can be done with exercise. The use of this exercise is an isometric quadriceps exercise. The design of this study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test control group design with a sample of 40 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, namely patients with knee osteoarthritis, stage II, and III who underwent the initial rehabilitation program. Based on the results of data processing using the Wilcoxon test in the control group, the p-value = 0.01 < 0.05, while in the intervention group the p-value = 0.00 < 0.05. From these results, it can be concluded that isometric quadricep exercise is effective in reducing pain intensity in osteoarthritis genu grades 1 to 3. So isometric quadricep exercise can be recommended as an independent therapy in reducing knee osteoarthritis pain intensity.
Klasifikasi Kerusakan Mutu Tomat Berdasarkan Seleksi Fitur Menggunakan K-Nearest Neighbor
Authors: PAULINA NISKE ELMY , FITRI ZILVANHISNA EMKA , MADJID ABDUL , IMRON ARIZAL MUJIBTAMALA NANDA
Published: March 2022

AbstrakTomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) merupakan satu komoditas unggulan pertanian karena penjualan jangka panjangnya baik. Menurunnya jumlah produktivitas dan mutu tomat disebabkan oleh curah hujan yang tinggi, cuaca dan budidaya yang tidak baik sehingga buah tomat menjadi busuk, retak, dan timbul bercak. Penyuluhan terkait peningkatan mutu tomat dinilai kurang efektif sehingga dibutuhkan sebuah sistem identifikasi kerusakan mutu buah tomat yang mampu memberikan edukasi kepada petani. Penelitian ini adalah pengembangan penelitian sebelumnya, untuk mendapatkan citra segmentasi dan ekstraksi fitur digunakan penggunaan contrast stretching dan deteksi tepi sobel. Namun kedua teknik tersebut diganti penggunaan operasi citra negatif. Didapatkan fitur yang optimal adalah gabungan fitur morfologi dan pada masing-masing sudut berdasarkan seleksi fitur. Persentasi akurasi metode KNN pada pelatihan sebesar 86.6% sedangkan akurasi pengujiannya sebesar 70%.Kata kunci: kerusakan mutu, tomat, seleksi fitur, K-Nearest NeighborAbstractTomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) is one of the leading agricultural commodities because of its good long-term sales. The decrease in the amount of productivity and quality of tomatoes is caused by high rainfall, bad weather and cultivation so that the tomatoes become rotten, cracked, and have spots. Counseling related to improving the quality of tomatoes is considered ineffective so that a system for identifying damage to the quality of tomatoes is needed that is able to provide education to farmers. This study is a development of previous research, to obtain segmented images and feature extraction using contrast stretching and sobel edge detection. However, both techniques were replaced by using negative image operations. The optimal feature is a combination of morphological features and correlations at each angle based on feature selection. The percentage of accuracy of the KNN method in training is 87%, while the accuracy in the testing is 70%.Keywords: quality damage, tomato, feature selection, K-Nearest Neighbo
Pengaruh Konsentrasi NaCl terhadap Parameter Elastik Pasir Tersaturasi
Authors: Qadafi Muammar , Malik Usman
Published: March 2022

AbstrakTelah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh konsentrasi larutan natrium klorinda (NaCl) yang disaturasikan pada sampel (core) pasir terhadap parameter elastik. Core dibuat dengan diameter 7,5 cm dan panjang 10 cm. Core dicetak dengan tekanan sebesar 5,8×104 N/m2. Core yang telah dicetak disaturasi dengan larutan NaCl yang divariasikan kosentrasinya dari 0 ppm hingga 360000 ppm (titik jenuh NaCl) selanjutnya dirambatkan gelombang seismik/elastik menggunakan Sonic Wave Analyzer (SOWAN), dari pengukuran ini akan diperoleh waktu tempuh gelombang (delay) pada sampel. Berdasarkan waktu tempuh, kecepatan gelombang primer dan sekunder pada Core diketahui. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa parameter elastisik dari Core seperti modulus Young, Modulus Bulk, Modulus Geser dan Konstanta Lame. Modulus Young Core berkisar antara 7,8×107Pa-1,8×109Pa, modulus Bulk sebesar 1,8×107Pa-8,9×108Pa, modulus geser antara 5,1×107Pa-7,6×108Pa dan Konstanta Lame berkisar antara 1,8×108Pa-3,4×109Pa. AbstractResearch has been carried out on the effect of saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solution concentration in sand samples (cores) on elastic parameters. This research was conducted to determine the differences in the elastic core parameters according to the concentration of NaCl that saturates them. The cores are made with a diameter of 7.5 cm and a length of 10 cm. The cores are molded at a pressure of 5,8×104 N/m2. The cores that have been printed are saturated with NaCl solution with varying concentrations from 0 ppm to 360000 ppm (saturation point of NaCl) then propagated seismic/elastic waves using a Sonic Wave Analyzer (SOWAN), from this measurement the wave travel time (delay) will be obtained in the sample. Based on the travel time, the primary and secondary wave velocities at the Core are known. The core elastic parameters was obtained such as Young's modulus, Bulk modulus, Shear modulus and Lame's constant. Young Core modulus ranges from 7,8×107Pa-1,8×109Pa, Bulk modulus of 1,8×107Pa-8,9×108Pa, shear modulus between 5,1×107Pa-7,6×108Pa and Lame Constant ranges between 1,8×108Pa-3,4×109Pa.
Pengembangan Model Pengelolaan Risiko Sistem Informasi Berbasis FMEA dan ISO 31000:2009 Sebagai Pendukung K3L di Laboratorium
Authors: Gunawan Agie Adhitya , Suryadi Christine
Published: March 2022

AbstrakLaboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) merupakan SI berbasis komputer yang bermanfaat bagi laboratorium dalam meningkatkan keamanan, produktifitas dan akurasi data, mengelola semua informasi yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan laboratorium serta memungkinkan laboratorium untuk menampilkan data serta laporan secara cepat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara merancang model pengelolaan risiko SI untuk menilai risiko-risiko yang berkaitan dengan pemanfaatan SI di Laboratorium Uji Kimia X dengan memanfaatkan kerangka kerja FMEA dan acuan ISO 31000. Penerapan model pada Laboratorium Uji Kimia X berhasil mengidentifikasi enam belas risiko SI. Sementara hasil penilaian dan analisis risiko-risiko SI tersebut menyatakan bahwa terdapat dua risiko yang termasuk kedalam kategori kritis dengan nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN) secara berurutan yaitu 75 dan 100. Sistem ini dapat diterapkan untuk mendeteksi bahaya dan risiko di laboratorium lingkungan.Kata kunci: FMEA, ISO 31000, LIMS, risiko SI, environmental laboratory.AbstractLaboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) is a computerized IS used by laboratory to increase safety, data productivity and accuracy, manage information related to laboratory activities and allow laboratory to display data and reports faster. The research was conducted by creating IS risk management model using FMEA framework and ISO 31000 standard to assess risks related to IS implementation in Chemical Testing Laboratory X. The result of model testing in case study Chemical Testing Laboratory X manage to identify 16 IS risks threatening IS assets. Analysis of these risk produce two risks that fall in critical category. UTP cable damage and data input errors. Risk Priority Number (RPN) value for each risks are 100, and 75, respectively. This system can be implemented to detect the risk of hazards that may occur in the environmental laboratory.Keywords: FMEA, ISO 31000, LIMS, IS risks, IS assets, environmental laboratory.
The Effect of Technological Organization on Cost Innovation and Value Creation
Authors: Ru-Zhue Jintanee , Aujirapongpan Somnuk , Songkajorn Yaninee , Jiraphanumes Kritsakorn
Published: March 2022

This research aims to study the effects of technological organization, management of cost innovation, and value creation. The population in this study was the canned and instant food export companies, which are crucial industries that earn incomes for Thailand. The quantitative research method was carried out using questionnaires sent to all companies (census) with the manufacturing managers as respondents. The survey revealed that these companies had a high level of technological organization, value creation, and cost innovation, except for reducing unnecessary functions at a moderate level because the products need to maintain customer demand; therefore, unnecessary adjustments may not be made. PLS-SEM assesses the reflective and structural models to test the research hypotheses. The findings revealed significant influences among three pairs of constructs: (1) technological organization had a positive effect on cost innovation, (2) cost innovation had a positive effect on value creation, and (3) technological organization had a positive effect on value creation. Thus, this research provides empirical information for the influences among the variables and presents the significance of being a technological organization and the inclusion of cost innovation management, to maintain their business during the COVID-19 pandemic and improve the organizational potential for preparation in future circumstances. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-02-09 Full Text: PDF
Spectrum of neurological diseases in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital of Peshawar.
Authors: Wajeeha Qayyum  , Muhammad Shahid Iqbal  , Sohail Khan  , Muhammad Fozan Khan  , Mohammad Jawad  , Fawad Jan
Published: March 2022

Objective: The aim of our study was to note the spectrum of neurological diseases in Out Patient department of hospital. Study Design: Observational Cross Sectional study. Setting: Rehman Medical Institute, Peshawar. Period: Jan 2019 to June 2019. Material & Methods: All the patients presenting/referred to neurology OPD were included. There demographic characteristics, level of disability and diagnosis was noted on proforma. The diagnosis was made by neurologist and the neurological diseases were grouped according to International Classification of Disease in different categories. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS 22. Results: Out of 455 patients, 54.7% (n=249) were female. Mean age was 42.92±17.69. 54.7% (n=249) belong to urban area. Psychiatric illness was the most common group of illness accounted for 29.5% (n=134) followed by nerve disorders 23.3 %( n=106) and Headaches 23.10 %( n=105), muscular disorders 14.70% (n=67), vascular diseases 13.40% (n=61) and epilepsy 5.9% (n=27).Vascular diseases were significantly more in males (P value < 0.05). Female predominance was observed in nerve and psychiatric disorders (P value < 0.05). Vascular diseases, movement disorders and dementia was observed in elder age group. (P-value < 0.05). Epilepsy effected pediatric, headache and psychiatric illness were seen in young age and nerve disorder were common in middle aged people mostly. (P value <0.05). Conclusion: Psychiatric disorder was the top most diagnosis followed by nerve disorder and headache. Most of the disorders were significantly more in specific age groups and few were gender specific.
Efficacy of oral versus vaginal misoprostol in the management of first trimester incomplete miscarriage.
Authors: Afrah Aman  , Laiyla Shinwari  , Rehana Rahim  , Mehwish Syed  , Rabia Nawaz
Published: March 2022

Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral versus vaginal misoprostol in first trimester incomplete miscarriage. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Gynae B Unit of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. Period: November 2017 to January 2018. Material & Methods: In this study 274 patients (i.e. 137 in each group) with incomplete miscarriage, who have gestational age of less than or equal to 12 weeks were included by convenience sampling. Women in group A had received 800 microgram oral misoprostol and women in group B had received 800 microgram vaginal misoprostol. In both groups same dose was repeated 4 hours after initial dose if the patient had not passed the product of conception. Patient who had no products of conception on pelvic ultrasound or Transvaginal scan were discharged from hospital. On the other hand patients found to still have products of conception were managed by surgical evacuation on next day. Results: In Group A (oral misoprostol) was effective in n=115 (84%) patients and ineffective in n=22(16%) patients and Group B (vaginal misoprostol) was effective in n= 125(91%) patients and ineffective in n=12(9%) patients. No significant difference was found between the efficacies of the two routes. Age distribution among two groups was analyzed as in Group A mean age was 23.9±3.7 years while in Group B it was 23.7±3.9 years. Mean gestational age in group A was 68.8±1.6 days and in group B was 68.7±1.3 days. Insignificant difference was found when the age and gestational age of the patients of group A and B were compared. Conclusion: Vaginal misoprostol is equally effective as oral misoprostol in terms of expulsion of products of conception in patients with incomplete miscarriage.
Efficiency, Effectiveness and Wellness in the post-COVID Workplace
Authors: Kalina Peter
Published: March 2022

In 1840, organized labor compelled factory owners to limit their workdays to eight hours. Subsequent to this action, management discovered that output actually increased, while mistakes and accidents decreased.   In 1916, the Adamson Act established an eight-hour day for railroad workers. This was the first federal law that regulated the hours of workers in private companies.  The eight-hour day became a standard for most workers in 1937, when the Fair Labor Standards Act was first proposed under the New Deal (Samuel, 2000).    

Before COVID changed perceptions about how people could accomplish their tasks, leaders expected employees to put in long days at the office, and then respond to emails at all hours. They were expected to willingly donate nights, weekends, and vacation time; all without complaining (Carmichael, 2015). The organizational charts of many companies have work cascading from the top of the organizational pyramid down to the bottom. In that version, we work long hours because authority figures (our bosses) tell us to.  Managers want their employees to be “Humble, Hungry, and Smart” (Lecioni, 2016). The problem with “hungry” is that a work ethic equating with excess work hours (or the perception of busyness) is an old-school management philosophy that is not sustainable. It leads to overwork, diminished effectiveness, and burnout. That’s not to say we can’t work very hard or for very long hours.  We can. We just can’t do it routinely. A week of 60 hours to resolve a crisis is very different from chronic overwork.  Predictable, required time off makes teams more productive (Perlow, 2009).
Non pharmaceutical approach to COVID–19: The chemical science intervention
Authors: Sulaiman Ayodeji Apampa  , Aisha Y. Lawal  , David Adeniran Adedapo
Published: March 2022

COVID‐19 pandemic issues are discussed in chemical science intuition which highlights the direct role of chemistry to the ongoing global pandemic by covering chemical preventive measures. Chemical preventive measures such as soap, water, hand sanitizer, disinfectants and personal protection equipment (PPE) were reviewed as the only available options in the arsenal to fight against COVID‐19 despite the availability of COVID – 19 vaccines. The present review focused on the mode of action for both sanitizer and soap water to inactivate the virus and their effectiveness.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND ESG PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE OIL, GAS AND COAL SECTOR
Authors: GÜNGÖR Nevzat , ŞEKER Yasin
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study is to provide evidence for the impact of board structure on environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) performances of firms in oil-gas-coal sector. The study used data from 385 companies in the Oil, Gas and Coal sector worldwide which have been listed in ASSET4 between 2010 and 2019. Refinitiv's Thomson Reuters ASSET4, EIKON, and Datastream databases have been used to obtain data on ESG performance and financial performance variables used in the study. As a result of the regression analyzes carried out, it has been determined that the structure of the board of directors has an effect on the ESG performance and its sub-dimensions.
The Application of Profit Sharing of Shirkah Contract During New Normal Era at Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprise (MSME), Warung Sate Joenedin Samarinda
Authors: Fadhilah Nurul
Published: March 2022

This research aims at answering some research questions: How was the shirkah system and the implementation of profit sharing in the new normal era, as well as the benefits and obstacles of implementing the shirkah contract at Warung Sate Joenedin. The research method used is qualitative descriptive analysis approach. Data collection is conducted through observation, documentation, and a direct interview with informants, namely Warung Sate Joenedin partners. The results reveal that the collaboration between the partners of Warung Sate Joenedin is in the form of shirkah inan. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the cooperation carried out by Warung Sate Joenedin follows the term cooperation from sharia economics perspective. The implementation of profit sharing is based on an agreement, while losses are borned by each partner based on the capital stock. This shirkah cooperation is beneficial for partners, while Warung Sate Joenedin has not experienced losses. In line with the conclusion based on the Islamic economics perspective, the researchers suggested that the cooperation between Warung Sate Joenedin companies should be sustainable.
Effects of Buprenorphine Treatment on Influenza Pathogenesis in the Ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Mrotz Victoria J , Nestor Kaitlyn M , Maines Taronna R , Powell Nathaniel , Belser Jessica A
Published: March 2022

Ferrets are the gold-standard model for influenza A virus (IAV) research due to their natural susceptibility to human and zoonotic IAV, comparable respiratory anatomy and physiology to humans, and development of clinical signs similar to those seen in infected people. Because the presence
and progression of clinical signs can be useful in infectious disease research, uncertainty in how analgesics alter research outcomes or compromise characteristics of disease progression have outweighed the concern regarding animal discomfort from these symptoms. Nonetheless, the principles
of animal research require consideration of refinements for this important model for IAV research. Opioids offer a possible refinement option that would not directly affect the inflammatory cascade involved in IAV infection. Mirroring pathogenicity studies that use ferrets, 12 ferrets were
inoculated intranasally with the A(H3N2) IAV A/Panama/2007/1999 and divided into 3 treatment groups ( n = 4 each), of which 2 groups received buprenorphine treatments on different schedules and the third received a saline control. The duration and location of viral replication, lymphohematopoietic
changes, and clinical signs were comparable across all groups at all time points. High quantities of infectious virus in nasal wash specimens were detected in ferrets from all groups through day 5 after inoculation, and peak viral titers from the upper respiratory tract did not differ between
ferrets receiving buprenorphine treatments on either schedule. Compared with the saline group, ferrets receiving buprenorphine exhibited transient weight loss and pyrexia, but all groups ultimately achieved similar peaks in both of these measurements. Collectively, these findings support the
continued evaluation of buprenorphine as a refinement for IAV-challenged ferrets.
Un coût ou un investissement ? Tout dépend de la façon dont nous voulons définir notre avenir
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: March 2022

Mais, un coût ou un investissement, sans sciences et progrès scientifique, l'humanité n'a pas d'avenir, ou du moins, pas d'avenir humain, tandis que l'avenir animal reste à voir.
Science and technology in Vietnam
Authors: Mai Nhat Chi
Published: March 2022

The main managing agency responsible for science and technology (S&T) in Vietnam is the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). MOST's responsibilities include scientific research, technology development and innovation activities; development of science and technology potentials; intellectual property; standards, metrology and quality control; atomic energy, radiation and nuclear safety; and state management on public services in fields under the Ministry’s management as stipulated by law.
Manajemen Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Tn. I Dengan Masalah Halusinasi Pendengaran: Studi Kasus
Authors: WARUWU YURIS DAWINDA
Published: March 2022

Ganguan jiwa di Indonesia pada tahun 2019 di urutan pertama Provinsi Bali 11,1% dan nomor dua disusul oleh Provinsi DI Yogyakarta 10,4%, NTB 9,6%, Provinsi Sumatera Barat 9,1%, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan 8,8%, Provinsi Aceh 8,7%, Provinsi Jawa Tengah 8,7%, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah 8,2%, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan 8%, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat 7,9%. Sedangkan Provinsi Sumatera Utara berada pada posisi ke 21 dengan prevalensi 6,3%
On the hit problem for the algebra $H^{*}(B\mathbb F_2^{s}, \mathbb F_2)$ as a module over the mod two Steenrod algebra and applications
Authors: Phúc Đặng Võ
Published: March 2022

Let $\mathbb F_2^{s}$ be the elementary Abelian 2-group of rank $s,$ which can be considered as a $s$-dimensional $\mathbb F_2$-vector space. Denote the Steenrod algebra over $\mathbb F_2$ by $\mathcal A_2$. We are interested in determining the dimension of the space of the indecomposables $\mathbb F_2\otimes_{\mathcal A_2} H^{*}(B\mathbb F_2^{s}, \mathbb F_2)$ in each $s$ and degree $N\geq 0,$ where $B\mathbb F_2^{s}$ is the classifying space of $\mathbb F_2^{s}$ and $H^{*}(B\mathbb F_2^{s}, \mathbb F_2)$ is isomorphic to $P_s:= \mathbb F_2[x_1, \ldots, x_s],$ the polynomial algebra on $s$ variables of degree one as a module over $\mathcal A_2.$ This problem, offered by Frank Peterson [10], is called the "hit problem". The solution of this problem is not yet known for $s\geq 5$ and all degrees $N.$ The aim of this research is to give an explicit description of the dimension of $\mathbb F_2\otimes_{\mathcal A_2} H^{*}(B\mathbb F_2^{s}, \mathbb F_2)$ in the case $s = 5$ and generic degree $N_d:= N= 5(2^{d}-1) + 22.2^{d}$ for $d$ an arbitrary non-negative integer. Applying the results, we obtain the dimension of the space $\mathbb F_2\otimes_{\mathcal A_2} H^{*}(B\mathbb F_2^{6}, \mathbb F_2)$ in the degree $5(2^{d+4} - 1) + N_1.2^{d+4}$ for all $d > 0$ and the information about the behavior of the fifth Singer cohomological transfer in degree $N_d.$ This study is a continuation of our recent work [14].
Language acquisition in the longitudinal BabyRhythm cohort
Authors: Rocha Sinead , Ní Choisdealbha Áine , Attaheri Adam , Mead Natasha , Olawole-Scott Helen , Grey Christina , Williams Isabel , Gibbon Samuel , Boutris Panagiotis , Brusini Perrine , Goswami Usha
Published: March 2022

The Cambridge UK BabyRhythm project is a study of 122 infants as they age from 2 – 30 months, investigating cortical tracking and sensorimotor synchronisation to acoustic and visual rhythm in relation to language acquisition. As there are few standardised language tasks appropriate for this age range, the BabyRhythm project adapted a range of parent-report and infant-led experimental measures that could be used within a home testing environment. Here we present a rich description of infant performance on tasks intended to sample 5 linguistic domains: semantics, phonology, grammar, rhythmic timing and gesture. For each task we describe infant performance (mean, median, range), and we also report performance by sex (N female = 57) and by monolingual (N=92) versus multilingual (N=30) home environments. We report relations between measures. We share our unique longitudinal database (all data available on OSF), and ‘lessons learned’ on adapting language assessments for very young children. Critically, we identify the most reliable language tasks that will be utilised in our subsequent longitudinal brain-behaviour analyses, providing the benchmark upon which future neural and behavioural markers will be measured.
Personality across Diverse Sexual Orientations and Gender Identities in an Online Convenience Sample
Authors: Junkins Eleanor J , Pantin Kenzhane , Derringer Jaime
Published: March 2022

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) participants are generally underrepresented in quantitative psychology research. This affects the external validity of past research and overlooks a growing portion of the world’s population. The current study sought to characterize the feasibility of recruiting an SGM-diverse sample online by surveying personality and sexuality measures on the Reddit social media platform. Previous surveys report differences in the Big Five between limited categorical designations of gender and sexual orientation (e.g., excluding asexual or nonbinary people) and estimated at the level of factors, rather than finer-grained facets. Narrow categorical data cannot address whether differences represent distinct group characteristics or reflect broader patterns shared across members of diverse marginalized groups. In preregistered analyses of 1,259 participants (73% identifying as SGM), we explored several questions to evaluate the use of online convenience samples from social media. Personality differences between groups were small overall (|d|average= 0.16; |d|range = 0 - 0.66) and there was substantial variability between facet-level group differences (|d| ± 0.59). Measurement equivalence was not supported, so these differences are not interpretable in the way comparative psychology seeks. We discuss implications for the attainability of diverse samples, representativeness, and population trends as well as suggestions for improving our sampling demographics.
Strategy, Trust, and Freedom in an Uncertain World
Authors: Krueger Joachim Israel , Grüning David Joachim
Published: March 2022

Humans live our lives in a dialectic of knowledge and ignorance. Knowing – or hoping – that knowledge is power and that ignorance is no bliss, most humans want to know. They wish to reduce their epistemic uncertainty and the insecurity that comes with that. States of uncertainty are most poignant when they depend on other people, and especially those who have their own strategic interests and who are able and willing to deploy the arts of deception. These limitations to knowing, stacked one on top of the other, can make the soundest mind feel insecure. The experience of insecurity, we submit, is affect-imbued social uncertainty. Lacking the conceptual tools to solve the problem of insecurity, we address four tractable challenges of uncertainty. In the first section, we consider strategic reasoning from a game-theoretic perspective. In the second section, we turn to the trust game, where uncertainty is amplified due to an interplay between strategies of coordination and discoordination. In the third section, we consider folk beliefs about free will and uncertainty, and show how they are related to one another, and how they are socially evaluated. In the last section, we explore how human freedom may grow from a strategic randomization of options and actions. Whether such strategies reduce or increase a person’s sense of insecurity likely depends on the person’s character. Freedom, we suspect, is not for everyone.
Over- and Underweighting of Extreme Values in Decisions from Sequential Samples
Authors: Clarmann von Clarenau Verena , Appelhoff Stefan , Pachur Thorsten , Spitzer Bernhard
Published: March 2022

People routinely make decisions based on samples of numerical values. A common conclusion from the literature in psychophysics and behavioral economics is that observers subjectively compress magnitudes, such that extreme values have less sway over choice than prescribed by a normative model (underweighting). However, recent studies have reported evidence for anti-compression, that is, the relative overweighting of extreme values. Here, we investigate potential reasons for this discrepancy in findings and submit that it might reflect adaptive responses to different task requirements. We performed a large-scale study (n = 586) of sequential numerical integration, manipulating (i) the task requirement (averaging a single stream or comparing two interleaved streams of numbers), (ii) the distribution of sample values (uniform or Gaussian), and (iii) their range (1 to 9 or 100 to 900). The data showed compression of subjective values in the averaging task, but anti-compression in the comparison task. This pattern held for both distribution types and for both ranges. In model simulations, we show that either compression or anti-compression can be beneficial for noisy observers, depending on the sample-level processing demands imposed by the task---suggesting that the empirically observed patterns of over- and underweighting might indeed reflect adaptive responses.
Binocular Rivalry Terminated
Authors: Yousef Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Scientists reportedly had been reporting that indefinite stable termination of stable binocular rivalry (BR) is impossible; namely, the frequency of the rivalry must follow the gamma distribution. This is a manifestation of binocular rivalry data (Levelt, 1965; Fox & Herrmann, 1967; Logothetis, 1998); a signature that is used to discover the neural substrates of binocular rivalry. In this report, however, against the common agreement of the statistical representation of the BR data that includes but not limited the effect of voluntary action on binocular rivalry (see Blake, etal. 2007); we provide several exhibits that reveal indefinite stoppage against binocular rivalry; and thus, the literature of binocular competition should be revisited. We superficially principlize ‘the hidden dynamics’ behind these phenomenal terminations, and this should shed the light on the importance of Dönner, 2008, 2013 articles. It also casts attention on the essence of Walker, 1998 article, where binocular cross-orientation suppression is not found in the striate cortex, but prior the conversion of the two monocular streams. Since no retinal studies are established in binocular rivalry experiments, we therefore believe that the governors of the perceptual rivalry cannot be concluded. But since the results of our psychophysical experiments disobey the statistical representation of the BR data; we suggest that the rivalry could not happen without an extra physical layer as an affirming playground to these hidden dynamics ‘the governors of the perceptual rivalry’. We end this statement by offering applications that shall benefit medicine and engineering through the utilization of that phenomenal stoppage.
Generations, We Hardly Knew Ye: An Obituary
Authors: Rudolph Cort , Zacher Hannes
Published: March 2022

Although popular in the organizational sciences, in the media, and in practice, the concepts of “generations” and “generational differences” have been increasingly scrutinized based on theoretical, methodological, and statistical concerns. Here, we present a short obituary to bid adieu to these troubled concepts, with the hopes of memorializing and “putting to rest” these controversial ideas. We encourage researchers and practitioners to think beyond the narrow scope offered by the idea of generations, adopt a more critical perspective on our science and practice, and learn from the mistakes of the past.
Faustian Bargain: Exploring the role of monetary value amount in moral judgment and decision difficulty using taboo trade-off narratives
Authors: Daryani Yalda , Tedadi Yaser , Hatami Javad
Published: March 2022

Sacred values play a significant role in moral judgment and perceived decision difficulty. This study aimed to examine whether the worth of the monetary value in taboo trade-off situations (i.e., trading a sacred value with a secular value) can have an impact on moral cleansing, perceived decision difficulty, moral outrage and punitive-interpersonal stance. We recruited a total of 312 undergraduate students and randomly assigned them into three groups: "trade-off with high monetary value," "trade-off with low monetary value," and the "control group." In the two experimental groups, participants read scenarios in which the protagonists engaged in taboo trade-offs. While in the control group, we presented routine trade-off scenarios (i.e., secular value vs. secular value). Next, moral outrage and punitive-interpersonal stance index, moral cleansing measure, and decision difficulty measure were presented. Current findings indicated that participants in trade-offs with high monetary value expressed less moral outrage, were less likely to engage in moral cleansing acts, and perceived the decision more difficult. The results suggest that taboo trade-off is more morally acceptable and less outrageous when the obtained secular value is considerable. Also, the decision is perceived as more difficult in this situation.
EFIKASI DIRI MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI FKIP UNIVERSITAS RIAU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Anasti Aisyah Rusy , Syafi'i Wan , L.N Firdaus
Published: March 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat efikasi diri mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Riau dalam pembelajaran daring. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode survei (online). Sampel pada penelitian yaitu seluruh mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Riau yang aktif mengikuti kegiatan perkuliahan daring sebanyak 101 mahasiswa. Data diperoleh melalui penyebaran angket secara random (online) disemua angkatan aktif dalam bentuk google form, dan pedoman wawancara yang dilakukan melalui fitur pesan pada aplikasi Whatsapp. Analisis data melalui perhitungan nilai rata-rata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat efikasi diri mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Riau dalam pembelajaran daring tergolong tinggi. Hal ini ditunjukkan karena tingginya nilai efikasi diri pada keempat dimensi, yakni teknologi, manajemen waktu, interaksi sosial, dan pembelajaran. Dengan demikian, kemampuan diri mahasiswa sehubungan dengan aktivitas akademik selama pembelajaran daring diterapkan tergolong baik
EVALUASI PENGELOLAAN UNIT PRODUKSI DI SMK NEGERI 1 MANDAU
Authors: Oktaviany Lydia , Azhar Azhar , AS Sudirman
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the implementation of program management unit production in SMK Negeri 1 Mandau in terms of context, input, process and product activity. This study used a qualitative approach with the type of case study research. Based on the aspects evaluated in this research, the evaluation model of Context (C), Input (I), Process (P), and Product (P) or CIPP is used. The subjects in this study are the principal, head of production units and students who follow the activities of the production unit. Data collecting techniques in this study are interviews, observation, documentation and questionnaires. Data analysis is done through data collection, data reduction, data presentation and verification and conclusion. The results of processing and data analysis show that (1) The implementation of the context component has not been done well, because the environmental conditions are less supportive. (2) Implementation of the input component has been running well enough, planning and organizing of resources has been done in accordance with organizational management prerequisites. (3) The implementation of process components has been running well enough, the implementation and supervision of activities are in accordance with the planning. (4) The implementation of product components has been running well, production unit activities have been able to create students who have entrepreneurial spirit, have skill and competitive and master technology in line with national education objectives.
MANAJEMEN SIARAN PENDIDIKAN DI PROGRAMA 1 (SATU) RADIO REPUBLIK INDONESIA (RRI) PEKANBARU
Authors: Shintia Dwiva Devi , Azhar Azhar , Hadriana Hadriana
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study to describe and analyze the Management of Educational Broadcast inPrograma 1 (one) Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Pekanbaru viewed from the management functions of planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling. This study used descriptive qualitative method. Data collection was done by observation, interview, and documentation. The analysis technique used in this research is by Miles and Huberman method (1992) that is through data reduction process, data presentation, conclusion and triangulation.The results of the study show that the Education Broadcasting Management in Programa 1 (one) Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Pekanbaru has been running well. The first step of planning is a program that runs every year to create educational programs. Next determine the educational broadcast team, broadcaster, educational theme, broadcast schedule and resource person. Resource persons are carefully selected to provide accurate information. Planning in the studio engineering section is done matrang by providing guidance to the lookbook given to the broadcaster as a guide during the broadcast. Organizing educational broadcast in Programa 1 (one) RRI Pekanbaru is done by forming Team by Head of LPP RRI Pekanbaru prepared at the time of program of yearly program or have according to SK respectively if status of civil servant and given authority with clear job description. Implementation of education broadcast In Programa 1 (one) RRI Pekanbaru has been implemented in accordance with Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 Year 2015 on Radio Public Broadcasting Institution of the Republic of Indonesia and KPI regulations on Broadcasting Conduct Manual (P3) of 2012. Supervision in RRI All Indonesia is conducted by Supervisory Board The highest position in RRI. RRI Pekanbaru supervision conducted by the Head of LPP RRI Pekanbaru. For the supervision of the broadcast program conducted by the head of broadcast program with the head of the planning and evaluation section of the program in Programa 1 (one) Pekanbaru conducted by Section Head of Programa 1 (one).
MANAJEMEN PROGRAM PUSAT INFORMASI DAN KONSELING REMAJA (PIK-R) DI SMA NEGERI 1 PEKANBARU
Authors: Astuti Wahyuningsih Budi , Saam Zulfan , Isjoni Isjoni
Published: March 2022

The aim of this research is how management of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru with subfokus are: (1) Achievement of vision and mission implementation of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru (2) Planning of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru (3) Organizing of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru (4) Implementation of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru (5) Supervision of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru (6) The result of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru. The approach of this research is qualitative gotten from respondents with data collection technique through documentation, observation, and in-depth interview. Further data analysis through data reduction, display data, conclusion and verification. The results showed that (1) Achievement of vision and mission implementation of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized sufficient because it has fulfilled 3 aspects of 5 aspects from the objective standard (2) Planning of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized good because it has fulfilled 4 aspects of the 5 aspects from the objective standard (3) The organization of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized very well because it has fulfilled 5 aspects of 5 aspects from the objective standard (4) Implementation of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized well because it has fulfilled 4 aspects of 5 aspects from the objective standard (5) Supervision of program the information center and counseling youth at SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized  sufficient because it has fulfilled 3 aspects from 5 aspects from the objective standard (6 ) The result of program the information center and counseling youth in SMAN 1 Pekanbaru is categorized less because it has fulfilled 2 aspects of 5 aspects from objective standard.
Comparison of Chlorophyll-a Concentrations Before and After Tsunami. Case study: Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi
Authors: Apriansyah Muhamad Renaldi , Zamil Acep Saepul , Septiantina Shinta , Lestari Della Ayu , Arifin Willdan Aprizal
Published: March 2022

Chlorophyll-a is an indicator of the abundance of phytoplankton in the waters that play a role in the photosynthesis process. Chlorophyll-a measurement can be done in two ways, namely conventional and the use of remote sensing technology. This research method utilizes remote sensing technology Landsat 8 imagery processed using ER Mapper 7.1 software. The purpose of this study is to inform the comparison of chlorophyll-a before and after the tsunami disaster in the waters of Palu Bay, Central Sulawesi Province. The results showed that these waters had increased the abundance of phytoplankton after the tsunami disaster
Study of Potential Ecotourism in Area Tulang Island Karimun Regency Riau Island Province
Authors: Rachman. B Arief , Thasimmim Said Nuwrun
Published: March 2022

This research was carried out on Tulang Island, Karimun Regency, Riau Islands Province. This research was carried out from February to August 2020. The implementation of this research was carried out because one of the economic potentials in Karimun Regency is tourism and ecotourism. The purpose of this research is to examine the potential of coastal ecotourism, potential of mangrove ecotourism, and potential of fishing ecotourism. This research method uses a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. The data collection method uses the observation method namely observing every condition that exists on Pulau Tulang. The results of research on the study of ecotourism potential the beach got the Tourism Suitability Index value of 77.38% with the criteria suiTabel for being made into ecotourism. A study of the potential for mangrove ecotourism, obtained a tourism suitability index value of 84.32% with the appropriate criteria for ecotourism. While the potential for fishing ecotourism is obtained by the Tourism Suitability Index of 96.30% with criteria suiTabel for ecotourism and almost reaching a value of 100%, Potential of coastal ecotourism, mangrove ecotourism and fishing ecotourism in Tulang Island very suitabel to be developed.
Analysis of Suitability and Supporting Capacity of Sasak Beach Tourism Pasaman Barat
Authors: Andrian Fikri , Rifardi Rifardi , Elizal Elizal
Published: March 2022

This research was conducted in February 2021 at Sasak Beach, West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra Province, aiming and the benefit of this study is to examine the suitability of beach tourism in Sasak Beach based on biophysical aspects, including the precept of the community to ecotourism activities in Sasak Beach, as well as analyze the supporting factors of its activities. The method used in the study is a method of surveying directly to the research site and measuring the necessary data qualitatively and quantitatively The goal is to get information about Sasak Beach and the perspective of tourists on the development of marine ecotourism at the research site. Sasak Beach has a specific feature with the planting program of a thousand pine trees. This beach has great potential and opportunities to be developed as a beach tourism area The highest conformity values are found in station I, and the lowest are in stations II and III. This value makes Sasak Beach can be used as a marine ecotourism
Nutritional Status and Intelligence Quotient of Preschool Children in Sunsari, Nepal
Authors: Rai Munawatee , Choudhary Ramanand , Deo Binod Kumar , Baral Dharani Dhar
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Nutritional status has vital role on brain development of children during pregnancy and the first two years of life. Children who suffered from early childhood malnutrition have generally been found to have poorer IQ levels.

Objective: To find out Nutritional Status and Intelligence Quotient of Preschool Children in Bhutaha VDC, Sunsari, Nepal.

Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional design was used for the study. Proportionately 250 preschool children were selected. Data was collected by using self developed semi structured questionnaires for socio-demographic profiles, stadiometer and weighing scale for height and weight measurement respectively. Nutritional status was classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) standard. For an assessment of IQ, Indian Adaptation of Vineland Social Maturity Scale (VSMS) and Developmental Screening Test (DST) scale were used. These scales provide an estimate of social quotient (SQ) and development quotient (DQ) and are designed to measure social maturation of age group 'below 15 years'.  Data were analyzed using Pearson chi-square.

Result: Among all, 51.2% of the children were male and most (80%) of the children were from Muslim ethnicity. Mean ± SD age of the children was 51.80±12.31 months. Almost all i.e., 98.4% of the children were delivered by normal vagina delivery and majority i.e., 78% of the children were delivered at home. Nearly equal proportions of children were from nuclear and non nuclear family. Prevalence of stunting and wasting were 28.4% and 8.4% respectively. Among 250 children, 11.6% had superior IQ, 52.4% had bright normal and 36% had average IQ. Mother’s education and malnutrition of children were significantly associated with IQ of children i.e., p=0.006, p=0.011 respectively.

Conclusion: Mother’s education has great impact on Intelligence Quotient of children. Intelligence is strongly related to nutritional status. Poor nutrition leads to poor IQ, which results in poor academic achievements. To prevent this, priority should be given for the prevention of malnutrition which ultimately improves the intelligence of children.