bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tips to get a grip on creating effective educational serious games for health care professionals
Authors: Bialy Safaa EL , Mohammad Ibrahim
Published: February 2023

The advent of technologies and the global drive to implement educational games in healthcare education have transformed the world of medicine. Using serious games for self-regulated learning enhance active student participation, with an overall positive effect on knowledge acquisition and skills development. Although game developers positively appreciated their games as educational tools, they pay little attention to their pedagogical perspectives as well as their assessment. This article aims to share tips, based on review of the available literature that may help educators effectively implement games in healthcare education to avoid “black ice” pitfalls that educators may encounter. Careful planning prior to, during and post implementation will help learners get the most benefit. Involvement of key stakeholders, such as educators, learners, program administrators, and game developers prior to and throughout the process is critical. Careful and selective choice of key design elements including Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs), learning theories and rigorous assessments will enhance learning and health care outcomes. Games are a fun attractive way to learn, and they help with the retention of information. However, their implementation in healthcare education needs careful planning, design, and evaluation to ensure better learning and better healthcare outcomes. The tips given in this paper will serve as a starting point for implementing games that will serve as future standards of educational gaming in health care.
How friendly is the link between inflammation and cancer for cancer patients?
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

In the last two decades, evidence has accumulated indicating mostchronic illnesses, including cancer, are caused by a dysregulatedinflammatory response at the molecular level. The discovery oftranscription factors like NF-kB, AP-1, and STAT3, as well as theirgene products like tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1,interleukin-6, chemokines, cyclooxygenase-2, 5 lipooxygenase,matrix metalloproteases, and vascular endothelial growth factor,adhesion molecules, and others, has provided a molecular basis forthe role of inflammation in cancer. Tobacco, stress, dietary agents,obesity, alcohol, infectious agents, irradiation, and environmentalstimuli all activate these inflammatory pathways, which account forup to 95 percent of all malignancies
Using Stepped-Width Arms to Create a DualBand Quadrifilar Helix Antenna
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: February 2023

The design of a quadrifilar helix antenna (QHA) withstepped-width arms and a meander feeding network is proposed in thiscommunication. Stepped-width arms are used to minimise antenna sizewhile also adjusting the frequency interval for dual-band operation. Thefeeding network consists of a 90-hybrid chip coupler and two meanderlines with a 180-phase delay. The suggested QHA is optimised using agenetic algorithm (GA) before being built and tested in a completeanechoic chamber. The findings show that the suggested antenna isappropriate for dual-band GPS applications.
Anthropometric variables and the risk of ovarian cancer
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

Obesity is a risk factor for a number of hormone-related malignancies, although the evidence supporting an influence on the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer is ambiguous. Many studies examining this link lacked the statistical ability to detect small effects, particularly in histological subtypes of ovarian cancer. As a result, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the available information on obesity and ovarian cancer. We selected relevant studies using Medline and a manual evaluation of retrieved references, and we included all population-based studies that looked at the relationship between overweight, BMI 25-29:9, and obesity BMI P 30 and histologically confirmed ovarian cancer. The meta-analysis was limited to studies that reported the effect as an odds ratio (OR),
Secondary electron yield decrease of laser drilled microporous gold surfaces: empirical modelling and Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: February 2023

This study looks at reducing secondary electron yield (SEY) from a metal surface using a microporous array created using the laser drillingprocess. For normal and oblique primary electron incidences, we present a generic empirical model to match the empirically determined SEYof a flat gold surface. We build a two-dimensional Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique based on this empirical model to evaluate theeffective SEY of a microporous array. It is discovered that the SEY from a porous surface is much lower than that from a flat surface. OurMC results are found to be in extremely excellent agreement with the experimental data after accounting for all generations of secondaryelectrons inside a well. The SEY's reliance on the aspect ratio of the micropores and the porosity of the surface is investigated. For pores witharbitrary aspect ratios, a simple empirical method has been presented to calculate the effective SEY of the gold microporous array.
Model for learning in emergency response work
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

Several studies have revealed that emergency response workers consistently perform badly throughout the key phase of responses, calling their ability to learn from errors in these situations into doubt. This work describes, analyses, and plans learning in emergency response scenarios using a model. The strategy is based on a mixed approach to learning and focuses on the individual's urge to learn. It acknowledges the importance of decision-making in emergency situations, as well as the need of learning to make proper judgements and reflecting on these decisions after the fact.
IN MEN, HYPERTENSION AND THE RISK OF KIDNEY CANCER
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

Arterial hypertension and cancer are two of the world's leading causes of death; the links between these two clinical entities are complicated and varied. Cancer therapy utilising both ancient (e.g., mitotic spindle poisons) and novel (e.g., monoclonal antibody) medications may produce arterial hypertension via various mechanisms; in certain cases, the increase in blood pressure levels may be the cause of chemotherapy withdrawal. Drugs that interact with the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) pathways are the most commonly involved in the development of hypertension among modern cancer medicines. On the other hand, several retrospective studies have revealed a link between antihypertensive therapy and cancer risk, causing widespread public concern. We looked at the medical data of 363,992 Swedish males who had at least one physical examination between 1971 and 1992 and were followed up on until death or the end of 1995. Men with cancer (renal-cell cancer in 759 men and renal-pelvis cancer in 136) were found by data cross-linking with the Swedish Cancer Registry. To evaluate relative risks, Poisson regression analysis was employed, with adjustments for age, smoking status, body mass index, and diastolic blood pressure.
Common denominators of the German and Scandinavian countries
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

The common denominator in the German and Scandinavian approaches to NCBC is, first and foremost, that the procedure is regulated in criminal law and criminal procedure. Second, at least under German 19 and Norwegian law, the evidentiary requirement is greater than in traditional civil trials, i.e., preponderance of evidence. Third, as a general rule, the case must be aimed at a specific individual. Only in exceptional situations, such as when no one can be appointed a party to the proceedings, may an NCBC procedure be initiated. The German-Scandinavian approach is how I refer to NCBC legislation with these shared denominators. In addition to the nations mentioned below, Switzerland has a similar approach to NCBC.
TECHNICAL MATERIAL SECONDARY ELECTRON YIELD AND VARIATION WITH SURFACE TREATMENTS
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: February 2023

Secondary electron emission from surfaces subjectedto an oscillating electromagnetic field is the source ofthe multipathing effect, which can significantlydisrupt particle accelerator functioning. This articleattempts to demonstrate the genesis of secondaryelectron emission as well as the major causes for thedifferences between technical materials and puremetals using experimental findings. For various typesof technical surfaces, the change of secondaryelectron yield with incoming electron energy will bestudied. In the context of the LHC accelerator, theeffect of gas condensation on these surfaces will alsobe investigated. Several treatments aimed atpermanently lowering the secondary electronproduction will be given. A specific emphasis will beplaced on the reduction of secondary electronproduction under electron or photon impact and itspotential benefits for the processing of electronicsprone to multipathing.
Common denominators of the German and Scandinavian countries Ahmad Raza and Faheem
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: February 2023

Abstract:The common denominator in the German and Scandinavian approaches to NCBC is, first and foremost, that the procedure is regulated in criminal law and criminal procedure. Second, at least under German 19 and Norwegian law, the evidentiary requirement is greater than in traditional civil trials, i.e., preponderance of evidence. Third, as a general rule, the case must be aimed at a specific individual. Only in exceptional situations, such as when no one can be appointed a party to the proceedings, may an NCBC procedure be initiated [1]. The German-Scandinavian approach is how I refer to NCBC legislation with these shared denominators. In addition to the nations mentioned below, Switzerland has a similar approach to NCBC [2].
Resolution of periodontal inflammation
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

Diabetes affects periodontal inflammation resolution. Using ligatures to induce periodontitis in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats, we investigated pathways affected by inflammation in the diabetes periodontium. After 7 days, the rats were given a TNF inhibitor (pegsunercept) or a vehicle alone before being killed 4 days later. RNA was isolated from periodontal tissue, evaluated using mRNA profiling, and then functional criteria were used. Pegsunercept substantially increased the expression of 1,754 genes while decreasing the expression of 1,243 (p 0.05). Functional analysis found that neuron- and retina-associated gene clusters, as well as those linked to cell activity and signaling, were upregulated. TNF suppression reduced the expression of genes involved in host defense, apoptosis, cell signaling and activity, and coagulation/hemostasis/complement. For selected genes, findings with microarray and rt-PCR agreed.
COVID-19 Booster Vaccination Strategy
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

Despite the fact that medical specialists believe COVID-19 vaccinations are successful in regulating the virus's health consequences, demand in such vaccines among various communities has been quite low. On that basis, experts have questioned whether combining influenza vaccinations might improve vaccine uptake. The key reason for their hypothesis is that the number of persons obtaining influenza vaccinations outnumbers those interested in various COVID-19 vaccines. As a result, the current work entails a systematic review and meta-analysis of various research studies focusing on combining influenza and COVID-19 booster immunization to enhance vaccine uptake among groups severely impacted by the health pandemic. It is the appropriate time to undertake such systematic review and meta-analysis mainly because of the need to make informed health decisions on mitigating the health implications of such viruses, especially among diverse populations that are majorly affected by them.
Social learning activities to improve community engagement in waste management program
Authors: Sunarti  , Zebua Rony Sandra Yofa
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Community engagement is crucial to overcome environmental issues, including waste management. Several education-based initiatives have been employed to improve community engagement in waste management programs, but the effects were not satisfied in changing resident behavior for sustainable engagement. Some studies suggested social learning as the solution to improve community engagement through practice-based and dialogue-based learning activities. Nevertheless, it needed more empirical evidence to show the effect. This study aimed to measure the effect of social learning on improving individual waste management behavior and how social learning influence it.METHODS: Using SmartPLS 3.2.9, this study measured the causal relationship of social learning activities to individual affective and behavioral factors. This study involved 504 residents exposed to social learning activities in Kawasan Bebas Sampah/ Zero Waste Area program in Bandung City, Indonesia as the respondents to gather the data using survey method.FINDINGS: The study found that social learning activities have significantly influenced waste management behavior indirectly through Affective factors. The data showed that Dialogue-based learning has no significant effect on Affective factors for all significance levels (β = -0.0862, P > 0.01). Instead, path model analysis indicated the mediating effect of Practice-based learning for Dialogue-based learning and Affective Factors, with the accuracy model at a moderate level (R2 = 42%; Q2 = 0.2258). Meanwhile, supporting facilities influenced both Practice-based learning (β = 0.3116, P < 0.001) and Affective factors (β = 0.4419, P < 0.001) significantly. Further path model analysis demonstrated that without “Affective Factors” being nurtured, learning activities and Facilities would not be able to improve behavior significantly, as all paths directing to Behavioral Domain (Intention and WMB) had an insignificant effect (P value > 0.05).CONCLUSION: This study offered empirical evidence, showing the mechanism of social learning to improve waste management behavior. The Learning activities should combine Dialogue and Practice-based learning to influence waste management behavior significantly, while Affective factors become the direct effect of Learning Activities. Supporting facilities were required to support the learning by providing routine waste collection systems and recycling facilities beneficial for the residents. In order to improve the learning activity effectiveness, the facilitators need to pay more attention to the learning contents to nurture the expected Affective Factors factors.
Application of teaching and learning theories
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

When students enroll in a social work undergraduate course, they are expected to study and apply the information, skills, and values required for their future social work job. The issue for educators is judging whether students have learned the subject and are ready to put the information, skills, and values into practice. Current ideas on teaching and learning can help instructors guarantee that course units maximize students' learning potential. This research focuses on the implementation of three well-known teaching and learning theories in a social work module. The paper opens with a review of Biggs' Constructive Alignment theory, Biggs' four stages of understanding Taxonomy, Bloom's and Race's five criteria behind successful learning. Student-led teaching and learning is a novel approach to active learning that gives students full control over their learning experience.
Particles of The Standard Model In Multi-Fold Universes
Authors: Maes Stephane
Published: February 2023

In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from Entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in between entangled particles that they be real or virtual. Long range, massless gravity results from entanglement of massless virtual particles. Entanglement of massive virtual particles leads to massive gravity contributions at very smalls scales. Multi-folds mechanisms also result into a spacetime that is discrete, with a random walk fractal structure and non-commutative geometry that is Lorentz invariant and where spacetime nodes and particles can be modeled with microscopic black holes. All these recover General relativity at large scales and semi-classical model remain valid till smaller scale than usually expected. Gravity can therefore be added to the Standard Model. This can contribute to resolving several open issues with the Standard Model without new Physics other than gravity. These considerations hints at a even stronger relationship between gravity and the Standard Model.A subsequent analysis described how embedding a multi-fold universe in a 7D unconstrained, i.e. non compact, Kaluza-Klein (KK) flat spacetime can induce the standard model in the multi-fold spacetime. In this paper, we illustrate how computations previous derived by others in the context of a more cabalistic model can be reused and adapted to hint at extracting, from 7D unconstrained KK flat spacetime containing the multi-fold universe, many particles of the Standard Model, and very closely predicting their masses and charges. Illustrating and progressing concretely our previous assertions. With the model of our previous papers and the results obtained in this paper, the way that multi-fold mechanisms repurpose KK and other models result while avoiding many of their problems or gaps in physical interpretations; further weights in for the pertinence of multi-fold models in Physics. Our approach may also have found a duality hidden behind the Unified GEM theory in a multi-fold universe.
Ground Plane Influence on Quadrifilar Helix Antenna Input Impedance
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: February 2023

—The fluctuation in the input impedance of a QuadrifilarHelix Antenna (QHA) vs the height of a perfect conductingground plane (PEC) is examined in this study. The findings revealthat when the height of the ground plane changes from 0.05 to 1.0,the actual component of the input impedance varies the most (44to 50 in simulations and 41 to 52 in measurements). The changein the actual component of QHA input impedance from 0.3 to 1.0is small (varies between 48 and 50.6 in simulations and 48 to 52in measurements). The imaginary component of input impedance,on the other hand, varies between -10 and 0 in simulations and 7and 0 in measurements and is inconsequential at the height of 0.3(varies between -2.0 and 0.2 in simulations and 3 to 0 inmeasurements). The fairly consistent input impedance of QHAwith regard to ground plane height was examined further withhorizontal dipole and rectangular loop with varied orientations.Variations in input impedance (real and imaginary component)are greatest for horizontal dipole (HD) and horizontal andperpendicular loops as height goes from 0.05 to 1.0. (H&PL). Thedifferences are minor for the other two orientations, vertical loop(VL) and horizontal and parallel loop (H&||L). However, QHAhas the lowest fluctuations in input impedance from its meanvalue, making it ideal for situations where the antenna must belocated above a ground plane, such as satellite platforms or aerialplatforms.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an influence on health care delivery, particularly vaccination programmers, and this research examines the global impact on vaccine coverage and suggests probable underlying variables. From December 2019 to September 15, 2020, a systematic search method was used on the PubMed, Embase, MedRxiv, BioRxiv, and WHO COVID-19 databases. Two review authors independently examined study inclusion, quality, and data extraction (PROSPERO registration #CRD42020182363). There were 17 observational studies in all. According to the data, there was a decrease in vaccination coverage and a decrease in the overall quantity of vaccinations provided, which resulted in children missing vaccine doses. Polio cases in polio-endemic nations have also increased by around fourfold. Factors contributing to low vaccine coverage included fear of being exposed to the virus at health care facilities, restriction on city-wide movements, shortage of workers,
Raising awareness, skills and knowledge in a dementia friendly community pilot project
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

Fear, shame, and social isolation associated with dementia can all be exacerbated by a lack of public knowledge. Dementia friendly communities seek to solve this by empowering dementia patients and boosting their social involvement. A multicomponent dementia friendly community intervention supported research, the development of a Dementia Advisory Group and Alliance, an awareness campaign, and education through community organisations as part of a Community Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) approach. Traditional engineering product development methodologies are not appropriate for resource-constrained rural communities since these environments are diverse and highly varied. Language challenges, social and cultural disparities, a lack of infrastructure, and restricted access to power and other basic necessities are all present. This led us to explore a number of engineering projects undertaken for these under-served markets. Our results indicate that a new approach that is more collaborative and one that is community-based is required.
Civil asset forfeiture (CAF), often known as seizure without a conviction, and the presumption of innocence (POI)
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: February 2023

This article discusses civil asset forfeiture (CAF), often known as non-conviction-based seizure, and the presumption of innocence (POI). CAF measures are civil actions focused against criminal proceeds that permit the seizure of alleged illicit funds even when a criminal conviction cannot be obtained. CAF stresses the item's illegal provenance rather than the property holder's guilt, and is often seen as preventative rather than punitive in nature. One of the main issues voiced about CAF is that the responder may be denied some of the basic safeguards generally granted to a defendant in criminal trials, such as the POI.
Integrated Architectures for Learning, Planning, and Reacting
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

This study builds on prior work on Dyna, a type of intelligent system designs based on approximate dynamic programming approaches. Dyna architectures combine trial-and-error (reinforcement) learning with execution-time planning into a single process that operates on the world and a learned model of the world alternately. I describe and demonstrate results for two Dyna topologies in this study. The Dyna-PI architecture is based on the policy iteration approach of dynamic programming and may be linked to current AI concepts such as evaluation functions and universal plans (reactive systems). The results of a basic Dyna-PI system that concurrently learns by trial and error,
Civil asset forfeiture (CAF), often known as seizure without a conviction, and the presumption of innocence (POI)
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

This article discusses civil asset forfeiture (CAF), often known as non-conviction-based seizure, and the presumption of innocence (POI). CAF measures are civil actions focused against criminal proceeds that permit the seizure of alleged illicit funds even when a criminal conviction cannot be obtained. CAF stresses the item's illegal provenance rather than the property holder's guilt, and is often seen as preventative rather than punitive in nature. One of the main issues voiced about CAF is that the responder may be denied some of the basic safeguards generally granted to a defendant in criminal trials, such as the POI.
Cancer sufferers' fatigue
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

This study provides an overview of what is currently known about tiredness in cancer. Fatigue is regardedas a multidimensional notion that should be quantified accordingly. However, weariness has largely been measured usingsingle items from broad symptom checklists. There is discussion of a few particular instruments that have been employedin cancer patient groups. The majority of cancer patients, almost 70%, suffer weariness during radiotherapy orchemotherapy. Follow-up data suggest that, for at least some diseases, individuals are exhausted long after the therapyhas ended. The physical and psychological components proposed to explain fatigue are discussed. It is stated that theimportance of the findings on tiredness as a cancer symptom is dependent on comparison with other patient and nonpatient groups. It is also necessary to evaluate the possibility of a response
Impact of Simulation on Student Attitudes about Interprofessional Collaboration
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

There is growing recognition that interprofessional education (IPE) has potential for teaching health professionals to work together. The impact of IPE on learning outcomes is crucial in judging the worth of such programmes. Attitudes are considered as an important factor in the development of behaviours. The purpose of this study was to examine students' attitudes and views of collaborative learning in an interprofessional environment. Before and after an introductory IPE course, 350 students answered a questionnaire on their attitudes and beliefs about interprofessional teamwork. The same questionnaire was also completed by 202 graduating health professional students who did not have IPE. Questions from the University of West England Interprofessional Questionnaire (UWE IQ) and the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale were incorporated in the questionnaire (RIPLS). Independent samples t-tests demonstrated substantial positive changes in the UWEIQ IP-Learning subscale (p 14 0.012) and RIPLS (p 14 0.05) before and after the IPE training.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Vishwanath Manish
Published: February 2023

: The COVID-19 pandemic has had an influence on health care delivery, particularly vaccination programmers, and this research examines the global impact on vaccine coverage and suggests probable underlying variables. From December 2019 to September 15, 2020, a systematic search method was used on the PubMed, Embase, MedRxiv, BioRxiv, and WHO COVID-19 databases. Two review authors independently examined study inclusion, quality, and data extraction (PROSPERO registration #CRD42020182363). There were 17 observational studies in all. According to the data, there was a decrease in vaccination coverage and a decrease in the overall quantity of vaccinations provided, which resulted in children missing vaccine doses. Polio cases in polio-endemic nations have also increased by around fourfold. Factors contributing to low vaccine coverage included fear of being exposed to the virus at health care facilities, restriction on city-wide movements, shortage of workers, and diversion of resources from child health to address the pandemic.
Putting doctoral education to work
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

We highlight the efforts of a big research-oriented university's education faculty to assist doctorate study. The establishment of a doctorate learning space is in line with the desire to establish a community of researchers in South Africa. We explore the historical antecedents of this cohort model of doctoral supervision and assistance, rely on research on doctoral learning, and analyse the evaluations of a cohort of PhD students across three years. The findings show that the approach has a high value in developing candidates' scholarship and reflective practise, in providing assistance and supervision, and in maintaining students while they work toward their doctorates. Finally, the paper examines issues universities face in meeting the needs of new populations of doctoral candidates, particularly the need to develop new academic cultural practices.
Standardized cancer patient population for age-based survival ratios
Authors: khan ahmed
Published: February 2023

In this study, standard adult cancer patient populations are generated as a tool for calculating age-standardised cancer survival data.Previously utilised survival analysis criteria were site- and/or study-specific. Multivariate approaches were utilised to define the fewestnumber of general standard cancer patient populations that are easy to use and offer standardised survival values near to the raw ones for thegreatest number of cancer locations. The study included data from approximately 1.1 million cancer patients in the EUROCARE-2 trial. Thesuggested standard populations include three age distributions that are acceptable for malignancies with the following incidence patterns:(1) growing with age - the vast majority of cancers; (2) roughly stable with age; and (3) mostly affecting young individuals. Both wide andfive-year age divisions are used to depict the three standard distributions. Because survival is often measured in atypical age groups, thelatter can be used to identify which of the three standards would be utilised for sites not included in the cluster analysis. Overall, standard 1is applicable for more than 91% of situations, standard 2 for little more than 7%, and standard 3 for less than 2%. The suggested criteria wereassessed using relative survival data from Europe (EUROCARE-2 and EUROCARE-3) and the United States (Surveillance, Epidemiology,and End Results Program, SEER). There was very good correspondence between the raw (population weighted) and age-standardisedsurvival figures.
Penerapan Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Tn L Dengan Masalah Defisit Perawatan Diri Ruangan Sibayak
Authors: Manullang Mawar
Published: February 2023

Self-care deficit is a condition of a person who has impaired ability to carry out daily life activities independently, has no desire to take a shower regularly, dirty clothes, body odor, breath odor, does not comb hair and looks untidy. Patients who suffer from mental disorders often experience indifference in self-care, causing patients to be excluded in the family and community environment. Self-care defesites are symptoms of schizophrenic patients that can be controlled through Group Activity therapy. During the assessment process, nurses use therapeutic communication and foster a trusting relationship between nurse-client. In Mr. L's case that the client experienced symptoms of Self-Care deficits such as the patient appearing dirty, the patient not wanting to take a shower, the patient not changing clothes, the patient not brushing his teeth. Prediposition Factor in Mr.L i.e. Client has never had a mental disorder before. The diagnoses that arise in Mr. L's case are self-care deficits, social isolation, low self-esteem. But on its implementation, the author focuses on the main problem of self-care deficit. Nursing planning and implementation is tailored to the meeting strategy in patients with self-care deficits and social isolation. Evaluation was obtained that there was an increase in ability, the client in carrying out care on himself such as being able to bathe without being ordered, being able to decorate himself, eating, tub / chapter.
In other words: Glasgow (Perception through Word Associations)
Authors: MacNiven Sean , Lennon J. John , Roberts Julie , MacNiven Maxime
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study was to explore the potential of a timed word association task to generate detailed insights into the perception of Glasgow city and its people. The study investigated qualitative differences between earlier and later associations, based on grounded cognition theory. The extent to which word associations varied by participants’ relationship to Glasgow is identified, in terms of Aaker’s brand personality scale. Surveying of 1,219 UK participants generated a total of 5,993 terms (city; 1,144 unique) and 5,031 terms (people; 917 unique) and supported both preregistered hypotheses. Subsequent exploratory analyses suggested branding attempts have had a low impact on visitor, non-visitor, and resident perceptions, challenging prior investment in destination marketing. Finally, the study contributes to theory (dual processing theories in psychology; Linguistic and Situated Simulation), and offers a practical, fast, and replicable methodology for destination marketers to study perception.
Rapid seaward expansion of seaport footprints worldwide
Authors: Sengupta Dhritiraj , Lazarus Eli
Published: February 2023

As global maritime traffic increases, seaports grow to accommodate and compete for higher volumes of trade throughput. However, growth trajectories of seaport footprints around the world have gone unmeasured, likely because of a lack of readily available spatio-temporal data. Here, we use geospatial analysis of global satellite imagery from 1990–2020 to show that 65 seaports among the world's top 100 container ports, as ranked by reported throughput, have been expanding rapidly seaward. Collectively, these seaports have added approximately 978 km2 in gross port area in three decades through coastal land reclamation. We also find that the relationship between footprint expansion and throughput volume is highly variable among seaports. Understanding patterns of seaport expansion in space and time informs global assessments of critical infrastructure and supply chain vulnerability to climate-driven hazard. Seaport expansion also sets up complex trade-offs in the context of environmental impacts and climate adaptation.
Do Classroom Relationships Moderate the Association Between Peer Defending in School Bullying and Social-Emotional Adjustment?
Authors: Lubon Anouck , Finet Chloe , Demol Karlien , Van Gils Fleur , ten Bokkel Isabel Maria , Verschueren Karine , Colpin Hilde
Published: February 2023

Peer defending has been shown to protect bullied peers from further victimization and so-cial-emotional problems. However, research on the effects of defending students demonstrated positive and negative social-emotional adjustment. To explain these mixed findings, researchers have suggested that associations between defending and social-emotional adjustment may be buffered by protective factors (i.e., defender protection hypothesis) or exacerbated by vulnerability factors (i.e., defender vulnerability hypothesis). In line with these hypotheses, the current study aimed to investigate whether relationships with teachers and peers moderate the association be-tween defending and social-emotional adjustment, i.e., depressive symptoms and self-esteem. This three-wave longitudinal study examined the association between peer-nominated defending, and later self-reported depressive symptoms and self-esteem in 848 fourth-to-sixth graders (53% girls; Mage = 10.61 years, SD = 0.90 at Wave 1). Peer-nominated positive and negative teacher-student relationships (closeness, conflict) and peer relationships (acceptance, rejection) were used. Clustered multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that defending behavior did not predict later depressive symptoms or self-esteem. Contrary to our expectations, teacher-student closeness, peer acceptance and their combination did not play a protective role in the association between de-fending and social-emotional adjustment. In addition, teacher-student conflict, peer rejection and their combination did not put defending students at risk for social-emotional maladjustment. Thus, relationships with teachers and peers did not moderate the association between defending and later depressive symptoms and self-esteem.
Neurocomputational basis of learning when choices simultaneously affect both oneself and others
Authors: Rhoads Shawn A , Gan Lin , Berluti Kathryn , O'Connell Katherine , Cutler Jo , Lockwood Patricia , Marsh Abigail
Published: February 2023

Most prosocial and antisocial behaviors simultaneously impact both ourselves and others, requiring us to learn from their joint outcomes to guide future choices. However, the neurocomputational processes supporting such social learning remain unclear. Across three pre-registered studies, participants learned how choices affected both themselves and others. Computational modeling tested whether people mentally simulate how other people value their choices or integrate self- and other-relevant information to guide choices. An integrated value framework, rather than simulation, characterized multi-outcome social learning. People update the expected value of choices using different types of prediction errors related to the target (e.g., self, other) and valence (e.g., positive, negative). This asymmetric value update is represented in brain regions that include ventral striatum, subgenual and pregenual anterior cingulate, insula, and amygdala. These results demonstrate that distinct encoding of self- and other-relevant information guides future social behaviors across mutually beneficial, mutually costly, altruistic, and instrumentally harmful scenarios.
Enabling analytical power calculations for multilevel models with autocorrelated errors through deriving and approximating the precision matrix
Authors: Lafit Ginette , Artner Richard , Ceulemans Eva
Published: February 2023

To unravel how within-person psychological processes fluctuate in daily life, and how these processes differ between persons, intensive longitudinal (IL) designs in which participants are repeatedly measured, have become popular. Commonly used statistical models for those designs are multilevel models with autocorrelated errors. Substantive hypotheses of interest are then typically investigated via statistical hypotheses tests for model parameters of interest. An important question in the design of such IL studies concerns the determination of the number of participants and the number of measurements per person needed to achieve sufficient statistical power for those statistical tests. Recent advances in computational methods and software enabled the computation of statistical power using Monte Carlo simulations. However, this approach is computationally intensive and, therefore, quite restrictive. To ease power computations, we derive simple-to-use analytical formulas for multilevel models with AR(1) within-person errors. Analytic expressions for a model family are obtained via asymptotic approximations of all sample statistics in the precision matrix of the fixed effects. To validate this analytical approach to power computation, we compare it to the simulation-based approach via a series of Monte Carlo simulations. We find comparable performances making the analytic approach a useful tool for researchers that can drastically save them time and resources.
Exploring the Link between Cognitively Relevant Actions and Geometric Reasoning: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kim Doy , Nathan Mitchell
Published: February 2023

The potential of grounded cognition and action-based learning is garnering increasing attention. This pilot study investigates the effect of performing cognitively relevant actions and the role of simulated action through gesturing on geometric reasoning. The results suggested that directing students to perform cognitively relevant actions led to a lower likelihood of correct intuition and insight formulation but a higher likelihood of correct proof formulation. Meanwhile, prompting students to use gestures was associated with a higher likelihood of correct intuition, insight, and proof formulation. However, the effects were not statistically distinguishable from zero. Nevertheless, the results hinted at a promising direction for further research into the moderating effect of simulated action. This investigation offers insight into embodied learning design and contributes to the discussion of the pedagogical potential of body movements to improve students' geometric reasoning.
(Un)informed consent in Psychological Research: An empirical study on consent in psychological research and the GDPR
Authors: Hallinan Dara , Boehm Franziska , Külpmann Annika Iris , Elson Malte
Published: February 2023

In many instances, psychological research requires the collection and processing of personal data collected directly from research subjects. In principle, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) applies to psychological research which involves the collection and processing of personal data in the European Economic Area (EEA). Further, the GDPR includes provisions elaborating the types of information which should be offered to research subjects when personal data are collected directly from them. Given the general norm that informed consent should be obtained before psychological research involving the collection of personal data directly from research participants should go ahead, the information which should be provided to subjects according to the GDPR will usually be communicated in the context of an informed consent process. Unfortunately, there is reason to believe that the GDPR’s obligations concerning information provision to research subjects may not always be fulfilled. This paper outlines the results of an empirical investigation into the degree to which these information obligations are fulfilled in the context of psychological research to which European data protection law applies. Significant discrepancies between the legal obligations to provide information to research subjects, and the information actually provided, are identified.
Just to be safe: Listeners use redundant phonetic information to distinguish unsuffixed from suffixed nouns
Authors: Cohen Clara , Carlson Matthew , Dussias Paola E.
Published: February 2023

Pronunciation variation is systematic, and provides listeners with cues to what the speaker is about to say. Shortened stems, for example, can indicate an upcoming suffix, while lengthened ones can indicate a word boundary follows. Previous work has shown that listeners draw on these cues to distinguish multisyllabic from monosyllabic target words. In this project, we ask whether (i) listeners use these cues to distinguish words that differ only in morphological structure with no change in syllable count; (ii) whether the redundancy of these cues in the immediate sentence affects listener attentiveness; and (iii) whether linguistic experience can change how listeners learn or use these cues. In two visual-world eye-tracking studies, in English and Spanish, we presented listeners with utterances containing target nouns whose stem durations were manipulated to provide cues to the presence or absence of a plural suffix. The redundancy of these cues was manipulated across different sentence contexts: Sentences in which agreeing determiners indicated noun number rendered the stem duration cues redundant, while sentences with no determiners rendered the cues more informative. In both experiments, listeners attended to acoustic cues signalling an upcoming suffix even when the sentence context rendered such cues redundant. Further, in Experiment 2 high-proficiency Spanish-English bilinguals were more sensitive to such cues than low-proficiency bilinguals, suggesting a phonetic bilingual advantage in speech perception. These results are consistent with ideal observer models in which listeners are attentive to all acoustic detail, regardless of whether it is informative or redundant.
Constructing Representations: Jungian Archetypes and the Free Energy Principle
Authors: McGovern Hugh , Hutchinson Brendan , Wells Emma Louise , Bandara Kavindu , De Foe Alexander
Published: February 2023

Jungian archetypes have been of interest to psychoanalysts and have been a cornerstone of Jungian psychology through much of the 20th century. Whilst the notion of archetypes has been debated amongst psychoanalytic traditions as well as in contemporary mythology/anthropology, little work has been done on their utility in the cognitive and neurosciences. We propose a novel neural mechanism of archetypes, grounded in cross-cultural psychology, comparative mythology, as well as developmental psychology. The pragmatic function of archetypes may serve as a collective effort of free energy minimization under the free energy principle, emergent due to the sets of affordances offered by culture and ecology. In line with Carl Jung’s definitional scope, we argue that archetypes are rooted in deep ecological and social forces, generationally ingrained for the purpose of optimizing the accurate conceptual representation of agents’ ecological and social environments. We then speculate on theoretical mechanisms by which archetypes are transmitted across time. Finally, we discuss implications for the utility of Jungian archetypes and outline future research directions to expand this concept in the cognitive neurosciences.
An Evaluation of Net Profit to Working Capital Ratio and Loans and Advances to Working Capital Ratio of The Amreli District Cooperative Bank Ltd.
Authors: Bheda Anandkumar J. , Gajera Arvind M.
Published: February 2023

Majorly 21 types of banks are functioning worldwide. Each and every bank plays important role in growth and development of economy of the nation. This research is focusing on district level banks of Gujarat State. Presently total 42 district level banks are functioning in Gujarat. Amid them, the orientation is taken in account to evaluate the financial performance based on two parameters – Net profit to working capital ratio and Loans and advances to working capital ratio of the bank. The research is examined for Amreli District Co-Operative bank ltd for financial year 2013 to 2019. An application of t – test is used to examine the results. It is observed that there is significance difference between the yearly upgradation in Net profit to working capital ratio and Loans and advances to working capital ratio of the bank. The bank has progressively worked for Saurashtra region of Gujarat state.
Hubungan Learning Contract dengan Kedisiplinan Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani
Authors: Wati Cut Ira , Gustiawati Resty , Gani Ruslan Abdul
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini mempelajari hubungan pembelajaran dengan siswa kedisiplinan dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani. Metode penelitian ini adalah korelasional, jumlah sampel sebanyak 102 siswa. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis data deskriptif dan teknik analisis inferensial (Dengan menggunakan analisis analisis pearson product moment). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rhitung lebih besar dari rtabel maka dapat disimpulkan positif signifikan antara pembelajaran dengan siswa kedisiplinan yang menunjukkan perubahan positif sebesar 37,45%. Dengan tabel distribusi t, untuk = 0,05 dan dk = 102 sehingga diperoleh rtabel = 0,195.Karena rhitung lebih besar dari rtabel (0,612 0,195).