bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of three commercial diets differing in protein and energy ratios on product quality of pike (Esox lucius)
Authors: Kucska B. , Feledi T. , Adorján Á. , Molnár T.
Published: March 2016

This study investigated the effects of three different commercial diets on the growth, feed utilization, and product quality of pike (Esox lucius). The first diet had low lipid (12%) and low protein (37%) (diet A) content, the second diet had low lipid (12%) and high protein (52%) content (diet B), the third diet had higher lipid concentration (15%) and high protein content (52%) (diet C). Two hundred and seven pike were stocked in an experimental RAS (Recirculating Aquaculture System) and were fed ad libitum for the duration of the nine week trial. Specific growth rates, feed conversion rates, protein utilization, as well as body composition and somatic indices were calculated. Fish fed with diets B and C had significantly better SGR (Specific Growth Rate) and FCR (Feed Conversion Rate) than fish fed with diet A. The higher dietary lipid concentration does not cause significantly better protein utilization. Moreover, it had a negative effect on the product quality by increasing the body lipid concentration and the visceral fat deposition.
Identification of key effects causing weak performance of allergen analysis in processed food matrices
Authors: Török K. , Hajas L. , Horváth V. , Schall E. , Bugyi Zs. , Tömösközi S.
Published: March 2016

The weaker performance of generally used analytical methods for allergen analysis in processed foods can be connected to protein denaturation. To understand the nature of protein denaturation processes, experimental but realistic model matrices (corn starch based mixture, hydrated dough, and heat treated cookies) were developed that contain a defined amount of milk, egg, soy, and wheat proteins individually or in combination. The protein subunit composition was investigated in every processing phase, i.e. after mixing, dough formation, and baking. SDS-PAGE measurements were carried out to monitor the protein distribution of sample food matrices in non-reducing and reducing gels. The results clearly show that the highly decreased protein solubility is caused by denaturation, aggregation, or complex formation, which are the most significant factors in poorer analytical performances. Solubility can only partly be improved with the application of reducing agents or surfactants, and the rate of improvement is depending on the proteins and the matrices.
Applicability and sensitivity of PCR-SSCP method for milk species identification in cheese
Authors: Csikos A. , Hodzic A. , Pasic-Juhas E. , Javor A. , Hrković-Porobija A. , Goletic T. , Gulyas G. , Czegledi L.
Published: March 2016

Species identification in food has become a prominent issue in recent years as the importance of consumer protection has increased. DNA-based species identification methods were developed by researchers in the last two decades, as these are reliable, accurate, and low-cost techniques for species identification in raw and processed food products as well. In our study, universal primers were designed to conserved regions of mitochondrial 12S rRNA. Amplicons were heat-denatured and a PCR single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method was developed to identify cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat DNA. Sensitivity of this technique was tested on DNA mixtures of cattle-sheep, cattle-goat, and cattle-buffalo and the threshold limit of cattle DNA was 5%, 5%, and 3%, respectively. One hundred and five cheeses were purchased and collected from Bosnian and Hungarian farmers, retails, and supermarkets to reveal fraud, 32 percent of them (34 cheeses) were found to be mislabelled by species.
Design and Characterization of a Magnetorheological Damper for Vibration Mitigation during Milling of Thin Components
Authors: Puma-Araujo S. , Olvera-Trejo D. , Elías-Zuñiga A. , Martínez-Romero O. , Rodríguez C.A.
Published: March 2016

The aerospace and automotive industries demand the development of new manufacturing processes. The productivity during machining of very flexible aerospace and automotive aluminum components is limited for self-excited vibrations. New solutions are needed to suppress vibrations that affect the accuracy and quality of the machined surfaces. Rejection of one piece implies an increase in the manufacturing cost and time. This paper is focused on the design, manufacturing and characterization of a magnetorheological damper. The damper was attached to a thin-floored component and a magnetic field was controlled in order to modify the damping behavior of the system. The dynamics of the machining process was developed by considering a three-degree-of-freedom model. This study was experimentally validated with a bull-nose end milling tool to manufacture monolithic parts with thin wall and thin floor. Experimental tests and characterization of the magnetorheological damper permitted to improve the surface finish and productivity during the machining of thin-floored components. A further aim of this paper was to develop a rheological damper by using magnetorheological fluids (MR) to change the thin floor rigidity with voltage. The stability of the milling process was also analytically described considering one, two or three degrees of freedom, using a mathematical integration model based on the Enhanced Multistage Homotopy Perturbation Method (EMHPM).
Wollastonite - Tricalcium Phosphate Glass-Ceramics of Eutectic Composition Synthesized by the Glass-Crystallization Method
Authors: López-Cuevas Jorge , Pech-Canul Martín I. , Rendón-Angeles Juan C. , Rodríguez-Galicia José L. , Gutiérrez-Chavarría Carlos A.
Published: March 2016

Glass-ceramics of eutectic composition in the wollastonite [W, CaO⋅SiO2]- tricalcium phosphate [TCP, β-Ca3(PO4)2] binary system were synthesized by using the glass-crystallization method. The parent glass was crystalized at 800-1300 °C for 0.5-5 h. The in vitro bioactivity of the synthesized glass-ceramics was tested in Kokubo’s Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) for 7-21 days, at pH = 7.4 and 37 °C. All materials were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS). The results showed that metastable Apatite phase [Ap, Ca10(PO4)6O], plus W and TCP phases expected according to the binary phase diagram, were formed. Ap was the first phase formed at 900 °C/0.5 h, which was followed by formation of W phase at 900 °C/2 h and of TCP phase at 1200 °C/0.5 h. The relative proportion of the formed crystalline phases was a function of heat treatment temperature and time. A eutectic microstructure was obtained for the materials heat-treated at 1300 °C for 2 or 5 h. All glass-ceramics showed the formation of a hydroxyapatite (HAp)-like layer during the in vitro bioactivity tests. After 21 days of soaking in SBF, the samples treated at 1300 °C/5 h showed a behavior similar to that typically shown by Bioeutectic® material, while the materials heat-treated at lower temperatures tended to form denser HAp-like layers, with similar thicknesses but with higher Ca/P molar ratios.
Trend der Selenversorgung beim Rind in den Ländern Österreich, Schweiz, Deutschland und Dänemark
Authors: Freude B. , Müller A.
Published: March 2016

Gegenstand und Ziel: Eine optimale Selenversorgung ist für Rinder sehr wichtig, da durch Mangelerscheinungen gesundheitliche Probleme sowie Leistungsbeeinträchtigungen entstehen. Ziel der Studie war, retrospektiv die Selenversorgung von Rindern in den Ländern Deutschland, Österreich, Schweiz und Dänemark zu erfassen und prognostische Aussagen für die Zukunft zu treffen. Material und Methode: In Serumproben von 45 068 Rindern aus Europa mit unbekannter klinischer Symptomatik, die im Zeitraum zwischen 1.1.2006 und 30.06.2015 von Tierärzten in das IDEXX Labor nach Ludwigsburg eingesandt wurden, erfolgte eine routinemäßige Bestimmung der Selenkonzentration mittels ICP-Analytik. Für die Auswertung standen 30 462 Proben aus Deutschland, 4004 Proben aus Österreich, 3232 Proben aus der Schweiz sowie 3251 Proben (insgesamt 40949 Proben) zur Verfügung. Die erhaltenen Messwerte wurden wie folgt kategorisiert: 50–150 μg/l: ausreichende Versorgung, < 50 μg/l: Unterversorgung, > 150 μg/l: Überversorgung. Ergebnisse: Im Untersuchungszeitraum zeigte sich ein genereller Trend zur Verschlechterung der Selen versorgung beim Rind. In Dänemark liegt die Selenversorgung deutlich an der Spitze (ausreichende Versorgung bei 77,4% der Proben), doch lässt sich auch bei diesem Land eine leichte Tendenz zur Verschlechterung erkennen. Die gravierendste Verschlechterung der Selenversorgung mit stark fallender Tendenz war für Österreich festzustellen (38% Unterversorgung), gefolgt von Deutschland (30% Unterversorgung). Für die Schweiz ergab sich eine gleichbleibend schlechte Versorgungslage (49% Unterversorgung). Schlussfolgerung und Relevanz: Aufgrund des anhaltenden Trends in der Selenunterversorgung wird für Rinderherden eine jährliche Kontrolle der Selenversorgung durch Bestimmung der Selenkonzentration im Serum empfohlen, um gegebenenfalls Selen zu substituieren.
Untersuchungen zur Schwefelversorgung von Milchkühen in Deutschland
Authors: Wall K. , Müller E. , Roder A. , Staufenbiel R. , Pieper L.
Published: March 2016

Gegenstand: Schwefelüber- und -unterversorgung kann bei Nutztieren zu Leistungsminderung und Erkrankungen führen. Über die Dia - gnostik der Schwefelversorgung in Milchviehherden ist allerdings wenig bekannt. Ziele der Studie waren, die alimentäre Schwefelversorgung deutscher Milchviehherden darzustellen, den Zusammenhang zwischen der Schwefelversorgung und Gesundheit und Leistung zu beurteilen, geeignete Probenmedien für die klinisch-chemische Labordia - gnostik zu bestimmen und Referenzwerte zur Beurteilung der Schwe - felversorgung in verschiedenen Untersuchungsmedien vorzuschlagen. Material und Methoden: Zwischen 2006 und 2014 wurden 569 Milchviehbetriebe beprobt. Von je 10 Tieren der Gruppen –3 bis 0, 0–1, 3–5 und 15–18 Wochen post partum (p. p.) (Betriebe > 200 Tiere) bzw. –3 bis 0, 0–5 und 6–20 Wochen p. p. (Betriebe ≤ 200 Tiere) wurden Blut-, Harn- und Haarproben gewonnen. Gepoolte Vollblut-, Serum-, Plasma-, Harn- und Haarproben (n = 5663) wurden mittels ICP-OESMethode analysiert. Die Schwefelkonzentration der Totalen Mischra - tion (TMR) der Vorbereiter (–3 bis 0 Wochen ante partum) wurden in einem zertifizierten Futtermittellabor bestimmt (n = 625). Ergebnisse: Die mediane Schwefelkonzentration in den Futterrationen betrug 2,3 g/kg TM. Schwefelunterversorgung (< 1,6 g/kg TM; 31% der Betriebe) und -überversorgung (> 4,0 g/kg TM; 11% der Betriebe) in den Futterrationen traten regelmäßig auf. Schwefelunterversorgung war mit verringerter Milchleistung (p < 0,001), Retentio secundinarum (OR = 1,74; p = 0,037), Gebärparese (OR = 2,68; p < 0,001) und Stillbrunst (OR = 2,56; p = 0,014) assoziiert. Positive Korrelationen fanden sich zwischen der Schwefelkonzentration in der TMR und den Schwefelkonzentrationen in Harn (r = 0,50), Serum (r = 0,17), Plasma (r = 0,18) und Vollblut (r = 0,16). Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Die Diagnostik der Schwefelversorgung ist für praktische Tierärzte relevant und kann mittels TMR-Analyse und klinisch-chemischer Laborparameter erfolgen. Harn ist dabei als kurzfristiger, Serum, Plasma und Vollblut als mittelfristige und Haar als langfristiger Parameter für die Einschätzung der Schwefelversorgung zu werten.
Improvement on the concentrated grape juice physico-chemical characteristics by an enzymatic treatment and Membrane Separation Processes
Authors: CAMPOS PLÍNIO R.F. , MÓDENES APARECIDO N. , ESPINOZA-QUIÑONES FERNANDO R. , TRIGUEROS DANIELA E.G. , BARROS SUELI T.D. , PEREIRA NEHEMIAS C.
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT In this work, the improvement on the concentrated grape juice physico-chemical characteristics by using an enzymatic treatment followed by Membrane Separation Process (MSP) has been investigated. By using Novozym 33095(r) and Ultrazym AFP L(r) enzymes varying three operating parameters, the best result on the grape pulp characteristics was attained for the Novozym 33095(r) performed at 35oC, 15 min. and 50 mgL-1. In micro/ultra filtration processes after enzymatic pretreatment, the best performance of the MSP with high permeate flux value and suitable grape juice characteristics was attained using 0.05 mm membrane pore size, 1 bar pressure and 40 oC treatment temperature. When reverse osmosis process is operated at 40 bar and 40oC, high soluble solid and low turbidity values are attained. An enzymatic treatment along with MSP has shown an alternative and efficient grape juice processing system, being possible to extend to other foods.
The anti-inflammatory activity of standard aqueous stem bark extract of Mangifera indica L. as evident in inhibition of Group IA sPLA2
Authors: DHANANJAYA BHADRAPURA LAKKAPPA , SHIVALINGAIAH SUDHARSHAN
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT The standard aqueous stem bark extract is consumed as herbal drink and used in the pharmaceutical formulations to treat patients suffering from various disease conditions in Cuba. This study was carried out to evaluate the modulatory effect of standard aqueous bark extract of M. indica on Group IA sPLA2. M. indica extract, dose dependently inhibited the GIA sPLA2 (NN-XIa-PLA2) activity with an IC50 value 8.1 µg/ml. M. indica extract effectively inhibited the indirect hemolytic activity up to 98% at ~40 µg/ml concentration and at various concentrations (0-50 µg/ml), it dose dependently inhibited the edema formation. When examined as a function of increased substrate and calcium concentration, there was no relieve of inhibitory effect on the GIA sPLA2. Furthermore, the inhibition was irreversible as evidenced from binding studies. It is observed that the aqueous extract ofM. indica effectively inhibits sPLA2 and it is associated inflammatory activities, which substantiate their anti-inflammatory properties. The mode of inhibition could be due to direct interaction of components present in the extract, with sPLA2 enzyme. Further studies on understanding the principal constituents, responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity would be interesting to develop this into potent anti-inflammatory agent.
Interspecific variation in leaf pigments and nutrients of five tree species from a subtropical forest in southern Brazil
Authors: BÜNDCHEN MÁRCIA , BOEGER MARIA REGINA T. , REISSMANN CARLOS B. , GERONAZZO KELLY M.
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the seasonal variation in the nutrient and pigment content of leaves from five tree species - of which three are perennial (Cupania vernalis, Matayba elaeagnoides and Nectandra lanceolata) and two are deciduous (Cedrela fissilis and Jacaranda micrantha) - in an ecotone between a Deciduous Seasonal Forest and a Mixed Ombrophilous Forest in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Leaf samples were collected in the four seasons of the year to determine the content of macronutrients (N, K, P, Mg, Ca, S) and photosynthetic pigments (Chla, Chlb, Chltot, Cartot, Chla:Chlb and Cartot:Chltot). The principal component analysis showed that leaf pigments contributed to the formation of the first axis, which explains most of the data variance for all species, while leaf nutrient contribution showed strong interspecific variation. These results demonstrate that the studied species have different strategies for acquisition and use of mineral resources and acclimation to light, which are determinant for them to coexist in the forest environment.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity of grapevine leaves extracts (Vitis labrusca) in liver of Wistar rats
Authors: SCHAFFER THAYS K. , WOHLENBERG MARIANE F. , MEDEIROS NIARA , MARTINS JÉSSICA B. , AGOSTINI FABIANA , FUNCHAL CLÁUDIA , DANI CAROLINE
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotection of organic and conventional grapevine leaves extract (Vitis labrusca). The total polyphenol content and the isolate polyphenols by HPLC were evaluate. The animals received intraperitoneal injections of saline or extracts (conventional or organic - 30 mg/kg) for 14 days. On day 15, the rats received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or mineral oil (i.p.). After 4h, the animals were euthanized. The analysis of the liver enzymes activity (AST, ALT, GGT) was performed using serum, obtained by blood and the levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), protein oxidation (carbonyl), and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were analyzed in the liver. The results showed that the organic extract is richer in polyphenol and resveratrol than the conventional one. Both extracts prevent lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation generated by CCl4. Moreover, the extracts demonstrated ability to modulate the activity of SOD and CAT, as well as to establish a balance in the ratio of SOD/CAT. We also found that the CCl4 increased the levels of AST and GGT, and that both extracts prevent this. These results indicate that grapevine leaves extracts, both, organic and conventional, can prevent liver disorders.
Sward structure and nutritive value of Alexandergrass fertilized with nitrogen
Authors: Salvador Paulo R. , Pötter Luciana , Rocha Marta G. , Hundertmarck Anelise P. , Sichonany Maria José O. , Amaral Neto Luiz G. , Negrini Mateus , Moterle Paulo H.
Published: March 2016

This experiment evaluated forage production, sward structure, stocking rate, weight gain per area and nutritive value of forage as grazed by beef heifers on Alexandergrass (Urochloa plantaginea (Link) Hitch) pasture fertilized with nitrogen (N): 0; 100; 200 or 300 kg of N/ha. The experiment was a completely randomized design following a repeated measurement arrangement. The experimental animals were Angus heifers with initial age and weight of 15 months and 241.5±5 kg, respectively. The grazing method was continuous, with put-and-take stocking. N utilization, regardless of the level, increase by 25% the daily forage accumulation rate and the weight gain per area by 23%. The level of 97.2 kg N/ha leads to a higher leaf blade mass and increases by 20% the leaf:stem ratio. Alterations in sward structure changes the nutritive value of forage as grazed. The utilization of 112.7 kg of N/ha allows the highest stocking rate (2049.8 kg of BW/ha), equivalent to 7.5 heifers per hectare.
FISH-mapping of the 5S rDNA locus in chili peppers (Capsicum-Solanaceae)
Authors: AGUILERA PATRICIA M. , DEBAT HUMBERTO J. , SCALDAFERRO MARISEL A. , MARTÍ DARDO A. , GRABIELE MAURO
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT We present here the physical mapping of the 5S rDNA locus in six wild and five cultivated taxa of Capsicum by means of a genus-specific FISH probe. In all taxa, a single 5S locus per haploid genome that persistently mapped onto the short arm of a unique metacentric chromosome pair at intercalar position, was found. 5S FISH signals of almost the same size and brightness intensity were observed in all the analyzed taxa. This is the first cytological characterization of the 5S in wild taxa of Capsicum by using a genus-derived probe, and the most exhaustive and comprehensive in the chili peppers up to now. The information provided here will aid the cytomolecular characterization of pepper germplasm to evaluate variability and can be instrumental to integrate physical, genetic and genomic maps already generated in the genus.
Glenohumeral interposition of rotator cuff stumps: a rare complication of traumatic rotator cuff tear
Authors: Agnollitto Paulo Moraes , Chu Marcio Wen King , Lorenzato Mario Muller , Zatiti Salomão Chade Assan , Nogueira-Barbosa Marcello Henrique
Published: March 2016

Abstract The present report describes a case where typical findings of traumatic glenohumeral interposition of rotator cuff stumps were surgically confirmed. This condition is a rare complication of shoulder trauma. Generally, it occurs in high-energy trauma, frequently in association with glenohumeral joint dislocation. Radiography demonstrated increased joint space, internal rotation of the humerus and coracoid process fracture. In addition to the mentioned findings, magnetic resonance imaging showed massive rotator cuff tear with interposition of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus and subscapularis stumps within the glenohumeral joint. Surgical treatment was performed confirming the injury and the rotator cuff stumps interposition. It is important that radiologists and orthopedic surgeons become familiar with this entity which, because of its rarity, might be neglected in cases of shoulder trauma.
Hyperechoic breast lesions: anatomopathological correlation and differential sonographic diagnosis
Authors: Medeiros Marcelo Menezes , Graziano Luciana , Souza Juliana Alves de , Guatelli Camila Souza , Poli Miriam Rosalina B. , Yoshitake Rafael
Published: March 2016

Abstract Hyperechoic lesions are not a frequent finding at breasts ultrasonography, and most of times are associated with benign pathologies that do not require further evaluation. However, some neoplasms such as invasive breast carcinomas and metastases may present with hyperechogenicity. Thus, the knowledge about differential diagnoses and identification of signs of lesion aggressiveness are of great relevance to avoid unnecessary procedures or underdiagnosis, and to support the correct clinical/surgical approach. On the basis of such concepts, the present essay describes and illustrates the main features of hyperechoic lesions at breast ultrasonography in different cases, with anatomopathological correlation.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in ischemic cardiomyopathy: an update
Authors: Assunção Fernanda Boldrini , Oliveira Diogo Costa Leandro de , Souza Vitor Frauches , Nacif Marcelo Souto
Published: March 2016

Abstract Ischemic cardiomyopathy is one of the major health problems worldwide, representing a significant part of mortality in the general population nowadays. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) and cardiac computed tomography (CCT) are noninvasive imaging methods that serve as useful tools in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and may also help in screening individuals with risk factors for developing this illness. Technological developments of CMRI and CCT have contributed to the rise of several clinical indications of these imaging methods complementarily to other investigation methods, particularly in cases where they are inconclusive. In terms of accuracy, CMRI and CCT are similar to the other imaging methods, with few absolute contraindications and minimal risks of adverse side-effects. This fact strengthens these methods as powerful and safe tools in the management of patients. The present study is aimed at describing the role played by CMRI and CCT in the diagnosis of ischemic cardiomyopathies.
Diagnostic underestimation of atypical ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ at percutaneous core needle and vacuum-assisted biopsies of the breast in a Brazilian reference institution
Authors: Badan Gustavo Machado , Roveda Júnior Decio , Piato Sebastião , Fleury Eduardo de Faria Castro , Campos Mário Sérgio Dantas , Pecci Carlos Alberto Ferreira , Ferreira Felipe Augusto Trocoli , D'Ávila Camila
Published: March 2016

Abstract Objective: To determine the rates of diagnostic underestimation at stereotactic percutaneous core needle biopsies (CNB) and vacuum-assisted biopsies (VABB) of nonpalpable breast lesions, with histopathological results of atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) subsequently submitted to surgical excision. As a secondary objective, the frequency of ADH and DCIS was determined for the cases submitted to biopsy. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of 40 cases with diagnosis of ADH or DCIS on the basis of biopsies performed between February 2011 and July 2013, subsequently submitted to surgery, whose histopathological reports were available in the internal information system. Biopsy results were compared with those observed at surgery and the underestimation rate was calculated by means of specific mathematical equations. Results: The underestimation rate at CNB was 50% for ADH and 28.57% for DCIS, and at VABB it was 25% for ADH and 14.28% for DCIS. ADH represented 10.25% of all cases undergoing biopsy, whereas DCIS accounted for 23.91%. Conclusion: The diagnostic underestimation rate at CNB is two times the rate at VABB. Certainty that the target has been achieved is not the sole determining factor for a reliable diagnosis. Removal of more than 50% of the target lesion should further reduce the risk of underestimation.
Perception of the value of generic drugs in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Nardi Elene Paltrinieri ,   Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil, Ferraz Marcos Bosi
Published: March 2016

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the perceptions of opinion-leaders, patients and their accompanying family members or carers about generic drugs. Three groups of participants were surveyed: (i) 50 customers while they were visiting commercial pharmacies located in São Paulo city, Brazil, (ii) 25 patients and 25 companions while they were waiting at the university outpatient clinic, and (iii) 50 healthcare opinion-leaders from government, hospitals, health plans, academia, and pharmaceutical companies. The questions explored socio-demographic characteristics and perceptions regarding value attributes of generic drugs compared to brand name drugs. Respondents had an average age of 52 years and 53% were women. Respondents believed generic drugs to be cheaper than brand name drugs (97%), and 31% thought generic drugs to be less effective than brand name drugs. Also, generic drugs were perceived by 54% of respondents to be as safe as brand name drugs and 74% would prefer brand name drugs if there was no price difference. In conclusion, multiple factors may contribute to the decision to buy generic drugs; among these, perceived effectiveness, safety and price appear to be the most important factors.
Otimização do processo de dispersão de nanotubos de carbono em poliuretano termorrígido
Authors: Lopes Magnovaldo Carvalho , Trigueiro João Paulo Campos , Castro Vinicius Gomide de , Lavall Rodrigo Lassarote , Silva Glaura Goulart
Published: March 2016

Resumo Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um processo empregando misturador de alto cisalhamento e moinho de rolos para dispersar MWCNTs (multiwalled carbon nanotubes) puros e modificados em poliol visando a preparação de concentrados de 3% em massa. Condições otimizadas no trabalho permitiram a obtenção de suspensões com menor número e tamanho de agregados de MWCNTs. Compósitos contendo 0,5% em massa de MWCNTs foram preparados por diluição dos concentrados em poliol usando mistura mecânica seguida de cura. Resultados de microscopia indicaram que as melhores dispersões foram obtidas com os MWCNTs modificados, os quais permitiram um aumento na tensão na ruptura, no alongamento e uma melhor preservação da estabilidade térmica. Além disso, valores de condutividade elétrica sugerem que o compósito possa ser empregado para dissipação eletrostática. Dessa forma, os resultados obtidos demonstram que a modificação covalente da superfície dos MWCNTs e a utilização de estratégias eficientes de dispersão são essenciais para melhorar as propriedades finais dos nanocompósitos.
Nurses' knowledge of universal health coverage for inclusive and sustainable elderly care services
Authors: Tung Fabian Ling Ngai , Yan Vincent Chun Man , Tai Winnie Ling Yin , Chen Jing Han , Chung Joanne Wai-yee , Wong Thomas Kwok Shing
Published: March 2016

Objectives: to explore nurses' knowledge of universal health coverage (UHC) for inclusive and sustainable development of elderly care services. Method: this was a cross-sectional survey. A convenience sample of 326 currently practicing enrolled nurses (EN) or registered nurses (RN) was recruited. Respondents completed a questionnaire which was based on the implementation strategies advocated by the WHO Global Forum for Governmental Chief Nursing Officers and Midwives (GCNOMs). Questions covered the government initiative, healthcare financing policy, human resources policy, and the respondents' perception of importance and contribution of nurses in achieving UHC in elderly care services. Results: the knowledge of nurses about UHC in elderly care services was fairly satisfactory. Nurses in both clinical practice and management perceived themselves as having more contribution and importance than those in education. They were relatively indifferent to healthcare policy and politics. Conclusion: the survey uncovered a considerable knowledge gap in nurses' knowledge of UHC in elderly care services, and shed light on the need for nurses to be more attuned to healthcare policy. The educational curriculum for nurses should be strengthened to include studies in public policy and advocacy. Nurses can make a difference through their participation in the development and implementation of UHC in healthcare services.
‘Sweet grape’ tomato post harvest packaging
Authors: Sandri Delvio , Rinaldi Maria M. , Ishizawa Taís A. , Cunha Ananda H. N. , Pacco Honorato C. , Ferreira Rafael B.
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT This paper aims at evaluating the shelf life of mini tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) cultivar ‘Sweet Grape’, grown in hydroponics, and stored under environmental and refrigerated conditions inside different packages. We adopted a completely randomized design, in which treatments were combinations of storage conditions: environment (e) and refrigerated (r) with packaging: polyvinyl chloride film (PVC); low-density polyethylene (LDPE); biofilm of tomato fruit of Solanum lycocarpum A.St.-Hil (lobeira) (TFB); cassava starch biofilm (CSB); carnauba wax (Copernicia prunifera) (CW), and without packaging - control (C). Physicochemical and sensory tests were carried out at the beginning (day zero), and at 8, 19, and 33 days of storage (DS). Fruit stored inside PVCr, LDPEe, LDPEr, and CWr had an acceptable shelf life of 33 days. The use of cassava and tomato starches were not effective in controlling fruit fresh weight loss. ‘Sweet Grape’ tomato postharvest conservation was enhanced under refrigerated conditions. The sensory evaluation results revealed that CWr treatment most pleased appraisers, while PCV had the highest rejection rate.
Portable flow board for storage of fruits and vegetables in mini-chambers with controlled atmosphere
Authors: Carmelo Luis G. P. , Becaro Aline A. , Ferreira Marcos D. , Calbo Adonai G.
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT A portable flow board system was developed in the present study with the aim to facilitate lab-scale experiments of controlled atmosphere (CA) with fruits and vegetables. This sturdy flow board combines ease fabrication, low cost and gas economy. Its functionality is provided by manifolds and gas mixers. Each gaseous component is supplied by a gas cylinder through a differential valve of adjusted pressure control, generally at 6 kPa, and forced through 13 standardized restrictors coupled to each manifold output. Controlled atmospheres are then formed with one, two or three gases in 13 gas mixers affixed to the flow board base, which are further conducted through flexible tubes to storage mini-chambers that can also be used to study metabolic consumption and production of gaseous components. The restrictors used in the flow gaseous components were manufactured from microhematocrit test-type capillary glass tubes following the hot forming method under continuous air flow. The portable flow board showed to be low cost and simple post-harvest equipment that allows preparing controlled atmospheres in open systems with stable composition and flow, in a manner similar to traditional flow boards with control of gas escape by barostats.
Avaliação da dinâmica do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar no estado de São Paulo por meio de perfis temporais de dados MODIS
Authors: Antunes João F. G. , Lamparelli Rubens A. C. , Rodrigues Luiz H. A.
Published: March 2016

RESUMO As imagens do sensor MODIS fornecem dados que cobrem áreas de grande extensão com alta periodicidade, características fundamentais que possibilitam o monitoramento de culturas agrícolas estratégicas para o Brasil, como as da cana-de-açúcar. Técnicas matemáticas vêm sendo empregadas no estudo de longas séries temporais de índices de vegetação, baseado nas mudanças que acontecem na superfície terrestre, o que facilita o entendimento da dinâmica temporal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a avaliação da dinâmica do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar no Estado de São Paulo por meio de perfis temporais de dados MODIS, ao longo das safras de 2004/2005 a 2011/2012. A Transformada de Wavelet Daubechies 8 aplicada à série temporal do EVI2 do MODIS mostrou ser uma técnica robusta, pois conseguiu eliminar os ruídos, propiciando, assim, melhor captura das tendências dos ciclos de desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar em toda a série temporal. Os perfis temporais suavizados do EVI2 puderam ser utilizados no monitoramento do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar para identificar as épocas de mudanças do uso do solo e da cobertura da terra, acompanhando as variações sazonais dos ciclos fenológicos desde o plantio ou rebrota das soqueiras até à colheita.
Identification, assessment and ordering of concepts for agro-energy planning and possibilities of spatial analysis
Authors: Cervi Walter R. , Lamparelli Rubens , Berni Mauro , Rocha Jansle
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT The present study aims to present the main concepts of the sugarcane straw to energy planning. Throughout the study, the subject is contextualized highlighting broader aspects of sustainability, which is considered the main driver towards agro-energy modernization. Concerning sugarcane straw, we first evaluated its availability regarding technical and economic aspects, and then it summarized the straw production chain for energy supply purposes. As a proposal to support agro-energy planning, it is presented some spatial tools that have been barely used in the Brazilian energy planning context so far. Therefore, working on straw to electricity associated with supply chain basis, we developed a conceptual model to spatially assess this bioenergy system. Using the model proposed, it is described the whole supply chain at state level, which accounted the potential of a single mill to explore straw, as well as main costs associated with straw acquisition, investments on the straw recovery routes and electricity transmission. Bearing these concepts in mind, it is fully believed that spatial analysis can bring important information for agro-energy action plans.
Avaliação dos custos de implantação de biodigestores e da energia produzida pelo biogás
Authors: Calza Lana F. , Lima Cleber B. , Nogueira Carlos E. C. , Siqueira Jair A. C. , Santos Reginaldo F.
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os custos envolvidos na construção de modelos de biodigestores (indiano, chinês e canadense) no município de Cascavel – PR. Determinaram-se os custos de produção de energia a partir do biogás produzido por dejetos de caprinos, bovinos e suínos, para sistemas de semiconfinamento. Foram utilizadas propriedades rurais com 20; 40; 60; 80 e 100 animais de cada um dos três grupos avaliados. A partir do volume de dejetos produzidos por animal, foram dimensionados os biodigestores e calculados os custos para a construção e a implantação de cada modelo, e o custo total da produção anual de energia em função do número de animais. O biodigestor modelo canadense apresentou o menor custo de construção e de implantação, variando de R$ 2.104,00 a R$ 7.266,00. A geração de energia com dejetos de suínos apresentou o menor custo, variando de 0,015 a 0,050 R$/KWh em biodigestor modelo canadense. A maior produção anual de energia foi verificada para bovinos, variando de 24.090 kWh/ano a 120.450 kWh/ano, para os três modelos de biodigestor em estudo.
Revisitando o Círio de Nazaré a partir da lente sociológica de Eidorfe Moreira
Authors: Almeida Ivone Maria Xavier de Amorim
Published: March 2016

Resumo O ensaio pretende investigar o olhar sociológico de Eidorfe Moreira (1912-1989) sobre o Círio de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré, realizado anualmente em Belém do Pará. Em obra sobre o assunto, o autor estabelece diálogos da geografia humana com a sociologia para explicar a paisagem da festa e a participação dos sujeitos nela envolvidos. Considera essa procissão católica no plano da geografia humana, como fenômeno de maior expressão da dinâmica paisagem amazônica. No campo sociológico, analisa o Círio como fato social, ao mesmo tempo em que o considera como culminação de uma transumância, ou seja, como clímax de uma migração periódica de fundo religioso, envolvendo uma fase de peregrinação, com romeiros interioranos a caminho da cidade, e outra fase litúrgica, já no âmbito urbano. Este ensaio parte das categorias teóricas utilizadas por Eidorfe em um período histórico determinado – a década de 1970 – para aplicá-las no tempo presente, com o intuito de detectar a vitalidade de suas reflexões.
O olhar de Benedito Nunes sobre a obra de Eidorfe Moreira
Authors: Guimarães Maria Stella Faciola Pessôa , Castro Edna Maria Ramos de
Published: March 2016

Resumo Os professores e intelectuais da Amazônia Eidorfe Moreira (1912-1989), mais identificado como geógrafo, e Benedito Nunes (1929-2011), mais relacionado à filosofia e à crítica literária, apesar da diferença de idade, tiveram proficiente aproximação, consequência da dedicação ao magistério, da convivência profissional na Universidade Federal do Pará e na antiga Superintendência do Plano de Valorização Econômica da Amazônia, mas sobretudo por um atributo comum: o interesse radical por múltiplas áreas do conhecimento, suas relações e possibilidades de reconstrução crítica do saber. Benedito Nunes, em diferentes momentos de criação da sua vasta obra, faz referências ao pensamento e à ampla produção intelectual de Eidorfe Moreira. Com base nos ensaios de Benedito Nunes, este ensaio pretende interpretar esse olhar do filósofo sobre o geógrafo.
Ler e copiar, ouvir e registrar: um dicionário jesuítico como instrumento de aprendizado da língua geral na amazônia setecentista
Authors: Prudente Gabriel de Cássio Pinheiro
Published: March 2016

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo entender como um dicionário, escrito por um jesuíta alemão no século XVIII, foi utilizado como instrumento de aprendizado da língua geral na Amazônia. O documento analisado é entendido como parte da política linguística jesuítica, a partir da qual o aprendizado de línguas era de fundamental importância para a ação missionária. O conceito de mediação cultural será apropriado, pois o dicionário é interpretado como um instrumento linguístico essencial para o missionário, como mediador, aprender o idioma indígena e realizar seu trabalho de conversão. Primeiramente, buscou-se delinear, em linhas gerais, como se formou a política jesuítica de línguas na América portuguesa. Em seguida, foi realizada uma contextualização histórica do manuscrito. Por fim, foram analisados indícios encontrados nos verbetes que elucidam o processo de confecção do dicionário, a trajetória missionária do autor e seu aprendizado da língua geral.
Socioeconomia e saúde dos pescadores de Mytella falcata da Lagoa Mundaú, Maceió-AL
Authors: Tamano Luana Tieko Omena , Araujo Daniel de Magalhães , Lima Beethoven Brandão Correia de , Silva Francisca Noelma Freitas da , Silva Joseane da
Published: March 2016

Resumo Trata-se de estudo visando caracterizar a socioeconomia dos pescadores de sururu na Lagoa Mundaú; e diagnosticar suas percepções sobre saúde. Para isto, foram entrevistados 39 pescadores utilizando-se um questionário semi-estruturado. Sexo masculino, baixa escolaridade e renda máxima de um salário mínimo são características da maior parte destes pescadores. Cerca de 50% habitam residências improvisadas e sem saneamento básico (61,54%) e mais de 67% já se afastou do trabalho por doença ou acidente. Constatou-se que a pesca do sururu tem seus fatores de risco e agravos à saúde acentuados pela ação antrópica sobre o ambiente lagunar e pela ineficiência atemporal do Estado em agir no ordenamento do espaço urbano e na implementação do saneamento básico.
A “educação na reconstrução da pátria” e a imagem do indígena
Authors: Castilho Mariana Moreno
Published: March 2016

Resumo O artigo busca entender as similaridades entre os pensamentos presentes no projeto educacional proposto por José Veríssimo em 1890; nas propostas surgidas na seção de etnografia do 1o Congresso Brasileiro de Geografia, realizado no Rio de Janeiro em 1909; e na fundação do Serviço de Proteção ao Índio e Localização de Trabalhadores Nacionais (SPILTN), em 1910. A análise de A educação nacional (1906 [1890]), de Veríssimo, das atas do 1º Congresso Brasileiro de Geografia, assim como das propostas do SPILTN, indica a recorrência do pensamento sobre permeabilidade do indígena à “civilização” por meio da educação, visando a transformação da identidade étnica do indígena a partir da assimilação dos hábitos e valores da sociedade dita civilizada. Destarte, a partir do exame desses documentos, percebe-se como as concepções de civilização, raça, educação, urbanidade e nação articularam-se em seus discursos na busca de uma identidade nacional e influíram na construção da imagem interdita do indígena. A conclusão é que a inserção do indígena no corpo nacional por meio da educação era admitida, desde que ele se despojasse de sua identidade étnica. Uma atitude que deveria representar respeito ao indígena, como homem, revela-se assim uma forma de desrespeito.
A cultura pop na contemporaneidade
Authors: Sousa Marcos Vinhas de
Published: March 2016

Resumo O livro de ensaios Cultura Pop é uma contribuição importante para descobrir e entender a cultura pop como um universo simbólico composto por relações e sentidos fundamentais para pesquisas atuais sobre comunicação e mídia.
Imaginários midiáticos: uma reflexão a partir de narrativas intertextuais e imagens híbridas
Authors: Covaleski Rogério Luiz
Published: March 2016

Resumo O presente trabalho, no âmbito da semiologia da imagem, observa a recorrente adoção da iconicidade de signos culturais na construção de imaginários midiáticos. O artigo trata de narrativas contemporâneas que buscam o efeito de conotação veridictória, o que conduz os produtores da imagem às relatividades culturais de discursos-signos para interpretação, reconhecimento e engajamento do público com o qual dialogam. Instigada por exemplos atuais de estimado valor criativo e consciente da constituição da comunicação contemporânea também a partir das relações simbólicas culturais – alimentadoras de imaginários midiáticos, a pesquisa propõe uma reflexão teórica sobre o objeto e a leitura descritiva de exemplos que se enquadram em narrativas intertextuais e contemplam imagens híbridas. Referenciase teoricamente em processos de hibridização, intersecções entre artes e comunicação, no processo criativo da publicidade e na intertextualidade em conteúdos midiáticos.
O idadismo como viés cultural: refletindo sobre a produção de sentidos para a velhice em nossos dias
Authors: Castro Gisela G. S.
Published: March 2016

Resumo Este trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre o tema da velhice no enquadramento das mídias audiovisuais, especialmente o cinema. Muitas vezes acionado no inconsciente, o idadismo é o preconceito baseado na idade que ocasiona diferentes formas de discriminação. Essa forma de opressão emerge como problemática das relações entre velhice e subjetividade. A Comunicação diz respeito à vinculação social em um contexto de renhidas disputas em torno da produção de significados. Nessa reflexão sobre a construção sociocultural da velhice como desprezível e sobre o ostracismo dos mais velhos no contemporâneo, apostase na capacidade de resistir aos padrões vigentes e de inventar outros modos de ser, viver e valorizar a vida na maturidade.
Faces do comum na comunicação: da partilha à disjunção
Authors: Lelo Thales Vilela
Published: March 2016

Resumo Uma definição recorrente de comunicação invoca a raiz etimológica do termo, que, de procedência no latim, designa uma atividade realizada conjuntamente, proveniente de uma situação de encontro social. Esse sentido originário da palavra se difundiu em uma parcela significativa dos estudos da área, indicando que a comunicação seria produto de uma ação em comum. Nesse artigo, as implicações dessa forma de apreensão das práticas interacionais serão contrastadas com outra maneira de perceber a partilha inerente à comunicação, acionada através de uma fonte etimológica distinta, ligada à disjunção e aos riscos e entraves que permeiam os processos de coordenação conjunta de ações. Argumenta-se que essa abordagem pode enriquecer uma visada crítica no âmbito dos estudos em Comunicação.
Alejandra Pizarnik e a Condessa Sangrenta: uma análise do simbólico nas ilustrações góticas de Santiago Caruso
Authors: Ribeiro Emilio Soares
Published: March 2016

Resumo O presente trabalho se volta para a análise das representações imagéticas que o ilustrador Santiago Caruso faz dos símbolos góticos da obra A Condessa Sangrenta, da escritora Alejandra Pizarnik. Considerando a importância de se analisar as peculiaridades das linguagens envolvidas e como se relacionam na construção dos significados da obra em estudo, investigamos como Caruso, utilizando técnicas que incluem o esgrafiado, representou os símbolos da morte, do sangue, do espelho e do vermelho, que interagem no conto para conferir-lhe um caráter gótico.
Eduardo Coutinho, linguista selvagem do documentário brasileiro
Authors: Lins Consuelo
Published: March 2016

Resumo Dos seus documentários em locações reais aos filmados em ambientes fechados, o cineasta Eduardo Coutinho investigou incansavelmente os modos de falar de seus personagens, suas “invenções verbais”, suas possibilidades de fabular, captando nesse movimento a complexidade e as modulações da língua portuguesa de camadas diversas da população brasileira. Este artigo revê essa dimensão fundamental do cinema de Coutinho à luz de Últimas conversas (2015), documentário editado postumamente por Jordana Berg, concluído por João Salles, a partir do material audiovisual daquele que seria o último filme do diretor. Em continuidade com essas preocupações, Eduardo Coutinho expressa em Últimas conversas um desejo de filmar crianças, por identificar nelas um momento originário da experiência da linguagem, em que palavras e sentidos ainda não estão cristalizados.
ESTIMATIVAS DA NECESSIDADE DE NITROGÊNIO PARA PRODUÇÃO DE GRÃOS E SILAGEM DE MILHO
Authors: SILVA MARCIELA RODRIGUES , MARTIN THOMAS NEWTON , PAVINATO PAULO SERGIO , BRUM MARCOS DA SILVA
Published: March 2016

RESUMO: A modelagem para a agricultura é uma ferramenta matemática que permite ponderar os efeitos de fatores ambientais ou de manejo sobre a produtividade das culturas. Nessa ótica, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a eficiência de modelos matemáticos na estimação da produtividade da cultura do milho em relação a necessidade de adubação nitrogenada. As estimativas da adubação nitrogenada foram realizadas para se obter as produtividades potencial e deplecionada de grãos e silagem de genótipos de milho. O Modelo 1 foi baseado em estimativas obtidas em dados da literatura e o Modelo 2 em estimativas geradas pelo modelo alternativo proposto, calibrado com dados observados no experimento. Para avaliar o desempenho dos modelos foram utilizados indicadores estatísticos tais como: coeficiente de correlação de Pearson; índice de concordância de Willmott; índice de desempenho de Camargo; porcentagem de desvio; e quadrado médio do erro. Recomendações de nitrogênio geradas pelos modelos para as produtividades potenciais e deplecionadas tanto de grãos quanto de silagem foram elevadas em comparação com os aplicados atualmente pelas recomendações da cultura. O genótipo AG30A91 obteve maior índice de área foliar, refletindo em maiores estimativas de produtividades potencial e deplecionada de grãos e silagem. O modelo 2 pode ser utilizado na estimativa da produtividade de grãos e silagem e na simulação da necessidade de nitrogênio para produção de grãos, porém necessita de ajustes para estimar as necessidades de nitrogênio para a produção de silagem. Ambos os modelos são eficientes na simulação do ciclo da cultura.