bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assembling and Validating Bioinformatic Pipelines for Next-Generation Sequencing Clinical Assays
Authors: SoRelle Jeffrey A , Wachsmann Megan , Cantarel Brandi L.
Published: February 2020

Context.—

Clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) is being rapidly adopted, but analysis and interpretation of large data sets prompt new challenges for a clinical laboratory setting. Clinical NGS results rely heavily on the bioinformatics pipeline for identifying genetic variation in complex samples. The choice of bioinformatics algorithms, genome assembly, and genetic annotation databases are important for determining genetic alterations associated with disease. The analysis methods are often tuned to the assay to maximize accuracy. Once a pipeline has been developed, it must be validated to determine accuracy and reproducibility for samples similar to real-world cases. In silico proficiency testing or institutional data exchange will ensure consistency among clinical laboratories.

Objective.—

To provide molecular pathologists a step-by-step guide to bioinformatics analysis and validation design in order to navigate the regulatory and validation standards of implementing a bioinformatic pipeline as a part of a new clinical NGS assay.

Data Sources.—

This guide uses published studies on genomic analysis, bioinformatics methods, and methods comparison studies to inform the reader on what resources, including open source software tools and databases, are available for genetic variant detection and interpretation.

Conclusions.—

This review covers 4 key concepts: (1) bioinformatic analysis design for detecting genetic variation, (2) the resources for assessing genetic effects, (3) analysis validation assessment experiments and data sets, including a diverse set of samples to mimic real-world challenges that assess accuracy and reproducibility, and (4) if concordance between clinical laboratories will be improved by proficiency testing designed to test bioinformatic pipelines.
Emotional Burnout: Prevalence Rate and Symptoms in Different Socio-Professional Groups
Authors: Bocheliuk Vitalii Y. , Zavatska Nataliia Y. , Bokhonkova Yuliia O. , Toba Marianna V. , Panov Nikita S.
Published: February 2020

Objective: The relevance of the subject matter is connected with the emotional burnout and its long-lasting negative consequences for both the individual and society becoming commonplace.
Background: The paper covers the psychological reconstruction of the concept of "burnout" in terms of its implicit understanding and differentiated diagnosis.
Method: The consolidated empirical data on the commonness of burnout among various categories of employees obtained using the MBI questionnaire. The descriptive statistics were presented for nine different professional groups (total of 441 people) of different age, degree of personal responsibility and emotional involvement in their job — the frequency analysis of expressiveness of emotional burnout syndrome performed in the context of the procedural-dynamic model.
Results: Results revealed that the symptoms of burnout are quantitatively and qualitatively vary in different occupational settings. Based on the content analysis of the data obtained through face-to-face psychological counselling of clients, a list of manifestations and experiences was developed, accompanying burnout complaints as a component of a difficult life situation: emotional and motivational-semantic sphere, life position, behavioural, and psychological and physiological aspects.
Conclusion: Attention was drawn to the necessity of clarification of social-psychological norms and clinical signs, which reliably and differentially diagnose its symptoms (in contrast to fatigue, depression or normative age crises). The conclusions provide suggestions and solutions on the principles of psychological prevention and assistance (self-help) in situations of emotional burnout.
Comparison of Treatment Strategies for Patients With Clinical Stage T1–3/N2 Lung Cancer
Authors: Cheng Ya-Fu , Hung Wei-Heng , Chen Heng-Chung , Cheng Ching-Yuan , Lin Ching-Hsiung , Lin Sheng-Hao , Wang Bing-Yen
Published: February 2020

Background: The therapeutic strategies for clinical stage T1–3N2 (cT1–3N2) lung cancer are controversial. For operable tumors, treatment can vary by center, region, and continent. This study aimed to identify the optimal therapeutic method and type of surgical strategy for cT1–3N2 lung cancer. Methods: This retrospective evaluation analyzed the records of 17,954 patients with cT1–3N2 lung cancer treated in 2010 through 2015 from the SEER database. The effects of different therapeutic methods and types of surgical strategies on overall survival (OS) were assessed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The 5-year OS rates were 27.7% for patients with T1N2 disease, 21.8% for those with T2N2 disease, and 19.9% for T3N2 disease. Neoadjuvant therapy plus operation (OP) plus adjuvant therapy, and OP plus adjuvant therapy, provided better 5-year OS rates than OP alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (34.1%, 37.7%, 29.3%, and 16.1%, respectively). In the T1N2, T2N2, and T3N2 groups, lobectomy provided better 5-year OS than pneumonectomy, sublobectomy, and no surgery. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that young age, female sex, well-differentiated histologic grade, adenocarcinoma cell type, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, lobectomy, and T1 stage were statistically associated with better 5-year OS rates. Conclusions: In cT1–3N2 lung cancer, multimodal treatments tended to provide better 5-year OS than OP alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. In addition, lobectomy was associated with better survival than other operative methods.
L’idée des artistes : Panofsky, Cassirer, Zuccaro et la théorie de l’art
Authors: Trottein Serge
Published: February 2020

What exactly is Idea, the concept whose history Erwin Panofsky investigates in the wake of Ernst Cassirer’s explanation of its “systematic meaning?” Is it still the ancient Platonic Idea, so often invoked, but paradoxically incompatible with art, or is it a new concept, that which fostered the emergence of art theory during the Renaissance? And what relationship does it entertain with the artists’ Idea, another name for disegno, whose definitive theory is found in Federico Zuccaro’s 1607 treatise, the culmination and theoretical finale of the Renaissance? Panofsky, finding it impossible to follow the problematical strand proffered him by Cassirer, leaves us in his Idea with the task of untangling an almost inextricable skein, one from which emerge little by little the contours of another history, a history no longer leading dialectically from Plato to Kant, and from the condemnation of artists and poets to a philosophy of symbolic forms, but, via highly convoluted paths, from the appearance of art theory to the birth of aesthetics.
Elizabeth Eastlake v. John Ruskin: The Content of Idea and the Claims of Art
Authors: Ernstrom Adele M.
Published: February 2020

En 1856, dans son compte-rendu des trois premiers tomes des Peintres modernes, Elizabeth Eastlake critique l’insistance avec laquelle John Ruskin affirme le primat des idées en art tout en n’attribuant au langage du peintre qu’une fonction instrumentale. Aux « idées de vérité », inhérentes à la nature, aux « idées de beauté », non sélectives, et aux « idées de relation », dont il se sert pour censurer certaines oeuvres de Raphaël, elle oppose les qualités propres à la peinture, celles que la peinture met en oeuvre en utilisant les ressources de son propre langage, à savoir la couleur, la forme, l’ombre et la lumière, ainsi que l’expression. Puis, dépassant le cadre de cette opposition, elle va jusqu’à soutenir que « les meilleures idées » font partie du langage du peintre. Sans se référer à la théorie du disegno, elle semble néanmoins invoquer l’indissociabilité du concept et de la pratique caractéristique de cette tradition. La proximité de la thèse d’Eastlake avec l’esthétisme en germe dans les Feuilles d’automne (1856) et Le Vallon du repos (1858) de John Everett Millais, autant que les affinités qu’elle suggère entre la musique et l’art visuel indiquent un changement de paradigme qui annonce les thèmes majeurs du Mouvement esthétique de la fin du XIXe siècle.
« Les oeuvres d’art parlent d’elles-mêmes » : l’autodescription conceptuelle et son devenir récent
Authors: Loubier Patrice
Published: February 2020

This study demonstrates how the long-established problematics of idea reappeared in an original fashion in self-descriptive works of conceptual art, as well as in works of contemporary artists quoting their predecessors of the 1960s. A recent drawing by the Quebecois artist Mathieu Beauséjour reveals the complexity of the issues addressed in self-descriptive works. It posts the phrase Les oeuvres parlent d’elles-mêmes, which lends itself to a two-fold reading: either the works speak of or about themselves (self-referentiality of Kosuth’s neon piece Five Words in Blue Neon), or they speak by or for themselves (the tendency toward autonomy of works seeking to rival art history in the usage of the verbal language used to describe them). These two tendencies are examined in three canonical conceptual works: Joseph Kosuth’s Five Words in Blue Neon, Dan Graham’s Schema, and Robert Morris’s Card File. However, several recent productions employ once again the process of self-description, while subverting the transparency and autonomy striven for by the models they take as sources, as is the case in the neons and textual works of the Canadian artists Ron Terada and Kelly Mark, the British artist Tracey Emin, and the Mexican artist Stephan Brüggemann. Through ironic self-depreciation and caustic praise of their forerunners, these works reveal simultaneously the hold of expectations and of institutional conditions, and the ambiguity of their critical position with respect to that context.
Reluctant Nomads: Biennial Culture and Its Discontents
Authors: Lauzon Claudette
Published: February 2020

Depuis le milieu des années 1990, l’intérêt marqué pour ce que l’on désigne comme la « culture biennale » soulève une série de questions sur les façons dont les expositions internationales interfèrent et interviennent dans les processus difficiles (et inégalitaires) de mondialisation néolibérale qui affectent l’ensemble de la société. Dans cet article, j’étudie la biennalisation de l’art contemporain dans le contexte géopolitique de la migration et de l’exil, en posant la question suivante : la culture biennale offre-t-elle une vision utopique de l’harmonie transnationale ? Ou bien, incarne-t-elle simplement les tendances colonisantes du corporatisme mondial ? Je défends l’idée que les grandes expositions internationales ont tendance à entretenir un rapport quelque peu complice avec la critique : elles participent et profitent de la « déterritorialisation » du marché global, mais elles en abordent aussi les excès à partir d’une position privilégiée. Proposant d’utiliser l’expression « nomadisme réticent » pour désigner les artistes qui critiquent de l’intérieur la façon dont la culture biennale tend à romantiser la migrance et la mobilité transnationale, j’attire l’attention sur trois artistes—Tony Labat, Yto Barrada, and Ursula Biemann—qui interrogent de manière subtile les présomptions de mobilité transnationale liées à la culture biennale. Alors qu’ils s’impliquent dans la culture biennale tout en établissant des connections souvent éludées entre les tendances nomades de celle-ci et les barrières et exclusions engendrées par le capitalisme mondial, ces trois artistes sont à mon sens l’illustration parfaite des nomades réticents; leurs réflexions complexes sur l’expérience de la migration nous forcent à prendre en compte les réalités traumatisantes d’exil, de migration et de relocalisation forcée qui stigmatisent la vie de ces nomades involontaires qui ne peuvent pas compter sur l’aide de la communauté artistique mondialisée pour financer leurs voyages.
Imagining and Visualizing “Indianness” in Trudeauvian Canada: Joyce Wieland’s The Far Shore and True Patriot Love
Authors: Holmes Kristy A.
Published: February 2020

Cet article propose une étude critique du film The Far Shore (1976) et du livre d’artiste True Patriot Love (1971), tous deux l’oeuvre de l’artiste et réalisatrice canadienne Joyce Wieland, en s’intéressant particulièrement aux façons dont elle a imaginé et visualisé les cultures et les identités autochtones au Canada. Je replace d’abord dans son contexte la construction artistique de l’indianité opérée par Wieland, en rapportant celle-ci aux stratégies suivies par le gouvernement fédéral canadien, sous la direction de Pierre Trudeau, pour redéfinir l’identité autochtone tout au long des années 1960 et au début des années 1970 au moyen de nouvelles politiques sur la citoyenneté et sur l’appartenance culturelle, entre autres par The White Paper on Indian Policy qui fut rédigé en 1969. Une partie des raisons pour lesquelles Wieland a été tentée d’explorer dans son travail le thème de l’indianité pourraient résider selon moi dans le fait que l’identité autochtone était à cette époque une question largement débattue, non seulement au sein du gouvernement fédéral mais aussi dans la plupart des principaux médias canadiens. Enfin, mon examen de l’implication personnelle de Wieland et du soutien qu’elle a apporté à diverses causes politiques autochtones me pousse à affirmer que, même si cette artiste avait une conscience aiguë des traces que laissait l’histoire de la colonisation sur les peuples autochtones, la manière artistique qu’elle a adoptée pour traduire sa solidarité dans son oeuvre n’est pas exempte de préjugés, de stéréotypes ni de constructions colonialistes. Que ce soit dans sa production filmique ou artistique en général, Wieland a eu tendance à idéaliser l’identité autochtone et à positionner les cultures autochtones comme extérieures au monde capitaliste moderne. Il y a entre l’appui personnel qu’elle a apporté aux causes autochtones contemporaines et ce qui ressort de sa production artistique une déconnexion qui s’avère selon moi particulièrement intéressante à étudier.
Stratégies de gestion en contexte de diversité en milieu scolaire : référentiel régissant la fonction de direction d’établissement d’enseignement au Québec
Authors: Gravelle France , Bissonnette Mélissa
Published: February 2020

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche documentaire à propos des responsabilités légales d’une direction d’établissement d’enseignement en lien avec la présence accrue de personnel scolaire formé à l’étranger en milieu scolaire francophone. L’objectif de cette recherche était de conscientiser et d’outiller les directions d’établissement d’enseignement quant à la compréhension du rôle et des responsabilités légales qui leur sont confiées, afin de favoriser l’insertion socioprofessionnelle du personnel scolaire formé à l’étranger dans les commissions scolaires francophones du Québec. Ainsi, d’une part, cette contribution présente le cadre légal qu’une direction d’établissement d’enseignement québécoise doit considérer dans la gestion des relations de travail en contexte de diversité ethnoculturelle. D’autre part, elle fait état des résultats d’une recension des écrits à propos des défis d’insertion socioprofessionnelle du personnel scolaire formé à l’étranger et, plus spécifiquement, du rôle des directions à cet égard. Enfin, partant de ces résultats, un référentiel de stratégies favorisant l’insertion socioprofessionnelle du personnel scolaire formé à l’étranger est proposé.
Politiques d’emploi et insertion des jeunes diplômés en Algérie
Authors: Ghouati Ahmed
Published: February 2020

La question de l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes diplômés en Algérie est née avec le découplage entre la formation et l’emploi dans le secteur public d’État. Elle est devenue très aigüe à la fin des années 80 avec la transition vers le libéralisme économique et fait l’objet d’une nouvelle politique d’emploi depuis au moins une vingtaine d’années. Dans ce contexte, la réforme de l’enseignement supérieur introduite en 2004 sous le nom de « réforme LMD » ambitionne de « moderniser » l’enseignement supérieur et mettre en adéquation la formation avec les besoins des employeurs. Cet article interroge plus particulièrement les dispositifs pour l’emploi des jeunes mis en place par différents ministères publics ainsi que l’application de la « réforme LMD », au regard notamment de l’aide qu’elle est censée apporter aux jeunes diplômés pour mieux s’insérer sur le marché du travail.
Identification of prognostic splicing factors and exploration of their potential regulatory mechanisms in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Rong Min-hua , Zhu Zhan-hui , Guan Ying , Li Mei-wei , Zheng Jia-shuo , Huang Yue-qi , Wei Dan-ming , Li Ying-mei , Wu Xiao-ju , Bu Hui-ping , Peng Hui-liu , Wei Xiao-lin , Li Guo-sheng , Li Ming-xuan , Chen Ming-hui , Huang Su-ning
Published: February 2020

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), the most common subtype of pancreatic cancer, is a highly lethal disease. In this study, we integrated the expression profiles of splicing factors (SFs) of PAAD from RNA-sequencing data to provide a comprehensive view of the clinical significance of SFs. A prognostic index (PI) based on SFs was developed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) COX analysis. The PI exhibited excellent performance in predicting the status of overall survival of PAAD patients. We also used the percent spliced in (PSI) value obtained from SpliceSeq software to quantify different types of alternative splicing (AS). The prognostic value of AS events was explored using univariate COX and LASSO COX analyses; AS-based PIs were also proposed. The integration of prognosis-associated SFs and AS events suggested the potential regulatory mechanisms of splicing processes in PAAD. This study defined the markedly clinical significance of SFs and provided novel insight into their potential regulatory mechanisms.
Growth dynamics in Acropora cervicornis and A. prolifera in southwest Puerto Rico
Authors: Weil Ernesto , Hammerman Nicholas M. , Becicka Rebecca L. , Cruz-Motta Juan Jose
Published: February 2020

Natural population recovery of Acropora palmata, A. cervicornis and their hybrid, Acropora prolifera, have fluctuated significantly after their Caribbean-wide, disease-induced mass mortality in the early 1980s. Even though significant recovery has been observed in a few localities, recurrent disease outbreaks, bleaching, storm damage, local environmental deterioration, algae smothering, predation, low sexual recruitment and low survivorship have affected the expected, quick recovery of these weedy species. In this study, the status of three recovering populations of A. cervicornis and two of A. prolifera were assessed over one year using coral growth and mortality metrics, and changes in their associated algae and fish/invertebrate communities in three localities in the La Parguera Natural Reserve (LPNR), southwest coast of Puerto Rico. Five branches were tagged in each of 29, medium size (1–2 m in diameter) A. cervicornis and 18 A. prolifera colonies in the Media Luna, Mario and San Cristobal reefs off LPNR. Branches were measured monthly, together with observations to evaluate associated disease(s), algae accumulation and predation. A. cervicornis grew faster [3.1 ± 0.44 cm/month (= 37.2 cm/y)] compared to A. prolifera [2.6 ± 0.41 cm/month (= 31.2 cm/y)], and growth was significantly higher during Winter-Spring compared to Summer-Fall for both taxa (3.5 ± 0.58 vs. 0.53 ± 0.15 cm/month in A. cervicornis, and 2.43 ± 0.71 vs. 0.27 ± 0.20 cm/month in A. prolifera, respectively). Algal accumulation was only observed in A. cervicornis, and was higher during Spring-Summer compared to Fall-Winter (6.1 ± 0.91 cm/month and 3.8 ± 0.29 cm/month, respectively, (PERMANOVA, df = 2, MS = 10.2, p = 0.37)). Mortality associated with white band disease, algae smothering and fish/invertebrate predation was also higher in A. cervicornis and varied among colonies within sites, across sites and across season. The balance between tissue grow and mortality determines if colonies survive. This balance seems to be pushed to the high mortality side often by increasing frequency of high thermal anomalies, inducing bleaching and disease outbreaks and other factors, which have historically impacted the natural recovery of these taxa in the La Parguera Natural Reserve in Puerto Rico and possibly other areas in the region. Overall, results indicate variability in both growth and mortality rates in both taxa across localities and seasons, with A. cervicornis showing overall higher mortalities compared to A. prolifera.
Proteogenomic analysis of pitaya reveals cold stress-related molecular signature
Authors: Zhou Junliang , Wang Zhuang , Mao Yongya , Wang Lijuan , Xiao Tujian , Hu Yang , Zhang Yang , Ma Yuhua
Published: February 2020

Pitayas (Hylocereusspp.) is an attractive, highly nutritious and commercially valuable tropical fruit. However, low-temperature damage limits crop production. Genome of pitaya has not been sequenced yet. In this study, we sequenced the transcriptome of pitaya as the reference and further investigated the proteome under low temperature. By RNAseq technique, approximately 25.3 million reads were obtained, and further trimmed and assembled into 81,252 unigene sequences. The unigenes were searched against UniProt, NR and COGs at NCBI, Pfam, InterPro and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database, and 57,905 unigenes were retrieved annotations. Among them, 44,337 coding sequences were predicted by Trandecoder (v2.0.1), which served as the reference database for label-free proteomic analysis study of pitaya. Here, we identified 116 Differentially Abundant Proteins (DAPs) associated with the cold stress in pitaya, of which 18 proteins were up-regulated and 98 proteins were down-regulated. KEGG analysis and other results showed that these DAPs mainly related to chloroplasts and mitochondria metabolism. In summary, chloroplasts and mitochondria metabolism-related proteins may play an important role in response to cold stress in pitayas.
LEI DA RESPONSABILIDADE FISCAL NOS MUNICÍPIOS DO OESTE E MEIO OESTE CATARINENSE: NÍVEL DE TRANSPARÊNCIA E EVIDENCIAÇÃO
Authors: Piccoli Marcio Roberto , Trento Vanessa , Falavigna Tamires
Published: February 2020

A presente pesquisa objetivou determinar o nível de evidenciação das informações exigidas pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal, em seu artigo 48, e em concordância com a Lei 131/2009, pelos municípios do oeste e meio oeste catarinense no ano de 2017, nos portais eletrônicos. O estudo consiste em uma pesquisa básica, de abordagem qualitativa e finalidade exploratória, realizada em documentos, que compreendem os portais de Transparência, cuja amostra se compõe de 119 municípios catarinenses objetos da coleta de dados. Para o tratamento dos dados e variáveis de análise, utilizou-se a metodologia proposta por Biderman e Puttomatti (2011), tabuladas e transcritas no Microsoft Excel. Os resultados da pesquisa na metodologia proposta revelaram que a média dos índices de Transparência apurada entre os municípios é de 59%. A informação mais divulgada pelos municípios pertence ao parâmetro conteúdo, bem como o item que teve menor atendimento no quesito publicação. No agrupamento populacional dos municípios, constatou-se que, de modo geral, quanto mais populosos, maior a média de divulgação de dados. Contudo, alguns deles, pouco populosos, apresentaram informações mais transparentes em detrimento de outros municípios mais populosos. Por fim, demonstrou que, dentre as associações de municípios, o índice de Transparência é superior entre os municípios que integram a AMAI, e menor nos municípios da AMARP.
Sulfur(IV)‐Mediated Unsymmetrical Heterocycle Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Zhou Min , Tsien Jet , Qin Tian
Published: February 2020

Despite the tremendous utilities of metal‐mediated cross‐couplings in modern organic chemistry, coupling reactions involving nitrogenous heteroarenes remain a challenging undertaking – coordination of Lewis basic atoms into metal centers often necessitate elevated temperature, high catalyst loading, etc. Herein, we report a sulfur (IV) mediated cross‐coupling amendable for the efficient synthesis of heteroaromatic substrates. Addition of heteroaryl nucleophiles to a simple, readily‐accessible alkyl sulfinyl (IV) chloride allows formation of a trigonal bipyramidal sulfurane intermediate. Reductive elimination therefrom provides bis‐heteroaryl products in a practical and efficient fashion.
Activation of Water‐Splitting Photocatalysts by Loading with Ultrafine Rh–Cr Mixed‐Oxide Cocatalyst Nanoparticles
Authors: Kurashige Wataru , Mori Yutaro , Ozaki Shuhei , Kawachi Masanobu , Hossain Sakiat , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Shearer Cameron J. , Iwase Akihide , Metha Gregory F. , Yamazoe Seiji , Kudo Akihiko , Negishi Yuichi
Published: February 2020

The activity of many water‐splitting photocatalysts could be improved by the use of RhIII–CrIII mixed oxide (Rh2−xCrxO3) particles as cocatalysts. Although further improvement of water‐splitting activity could be achieved if the size of the Rh2−xCrxO3 particles was decreased further, it is difficult to load ultrafine (<2 nm) Rh2−xCrxO3 particles onto a photocatalyst by using conventional loading methods. In this study, a new loading method was successfully established and was used to load Rh2−xCrxO3 particles with a size of approximately 1.3 nm and a narrow size distribution onto a BaLa4Ti4O15 photocatalyst. The obtained photocatalyst exhibited an apparent quantum yield of 16 %, which is the highest achieved for BaLa4Ti4O15 to date. Thus, the developed loading technique of Rh2−xCrxO3 particles is extremely effective at improving the activity of the water‐splitting photocatalyst BaLa4Ti4O15. This method is expected to be extended to other advanced water‐splitting photocatalysts to achieve higher quantum yields.
Hierarchical Self‐Assembled Photo‐Responsive Tubisomes from a Cyclic Peptide‐Bridged Amphiphilic Block Copolymer
Authors: Yang Jie , Song Ji‐Inn , Song Qiao , Rho Julia Y. , Mansfield Edward D. H. , Hall Stephen C. L. , Sambrook Megan , Huang Feihe , Perrier Sébastien
Published: February 2020

Typically, the morphologies of the self‐assembled nanostructures from block copolymers are limited to spherical micelles, wormlike micelles and vesicles. Now, a new generation of materials with unique shape and structures, cylindrical soft matter particles (tubisomes), are obtained from the hierarchical self‐assembly of cyclic peptide‐bridged amphiphilic diblock copolymers. The capacity of obtained photo‐responsive tubisomes as potential drug carriers is evaluated. The supramolecular tubisomes pave an alternative way for fabricating polymeric tubular structures, and will expand the toolbox for the rational design of functional hierarchical nanostructures.
Highly Active Superbulky Alkaline Earth Metal Amide Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Challenging Alkenes and Aromatic Rings
Authors: Martin Johannes , Knüpfer Christian , Eyselein Jonathan , Färber Christian , Grams Samuel , Langer Jens , Thum Katharina , Wiesinger Michael , Harder Sjoerd
Published: February 2020

Two series of bulky alkaline earth (Ae) metal amide complexes have been prepared: Ae[N(TRIP)2]2 (1‐Ae) and Ae[N(TRIP)(DIPP)]2 (2‐Ae) (Ae=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba; TRIP=SiiPr3, DIPP=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl). While monomeric 1‐Ca was already known, the new complexes have been structurally characterized. Monomers 1‐Ae are highly linear while the monomers 2‐Ae are slightly bent. The bulkier amide complexes 1‐Ae are by far the most active catalysts in alkene hydrogenation with activities increasing from Mg to Ba. Catalyst 1‐Ba can reduce internal alkenes like cyclohexene or 3‐hexene and highly challenging substrates like 1‐Me‐cyclohexene or tetraphenylethylene. It is also active in arene hydrogenation reducing anthracene and naphthalene (even when substituted with an alkyl) as well as biphenyl. Benzene could be reduced to cyclohexane but full conversion was not reached. The first step in catalytic hydrogenation is formation of an (amide)AeH species, which can form larger aggregates. Increasing the bulk of the amide ligand decreases aggregate size but it is unclear what the true catalyst(s) is (are). DFT calculations suggest that amide bulk also has a noticeable influence on the thermodynamics for formation of the (amide)AeH species. Complex 1‐Ba is currently the most powerful Ae metal hydrogenation catalyst. Due to tremendously increased activities in comparison to those of previously reported catalysts, the substrate scope in hydrogenation catalysis could be extended to challenging multi‐substituted unactivated alkenes and even to arenes among which benzene.
General framework for testing Poisson‐Voronoi assumption for real microstructures
Authors: Vittorietti Martina , Kok Piet J. J. , Sietsma Jilt , Li Wei , Jongbloed Geurt
Published: February 2020

Modeling microstructures is an interesting problem not just in materials science, but also in mathematics and statistics. The most basic model for steel microstructure is the Poisson‐Voronoi diagram. It has mathematically attractive properties and it has been used in the approximation of single‐phase steel microstructures. The aim of this article is to develop methods that can be used to test whether a real steel microstructure can be approximated by such a model. Therefore, a general framework for testing the Poisson‐Voronoi assumption based on images of two‐dimension sections of real metals is set out. Following two different approaches, according to the use or not of periodic boundary conditions, three different model tests are proposed. The first two are based on the coefficient of variation and the cumulative distribution function of the cells area. The third exploits tools from to topological data analysis, such as persistence landscapes.
A regional population‐based hereditary breast cancer screening tool in Italy: First 5‐year results
Authors: Cortesi Laura , Baldassarri Bruna , Ferretti Stefano , Razzaboni Elisabetta , Bella Mariangela , Bucchi Lauro , Canuti Debora , De Iaco Pierandrea , De Santis Giorgio , Falcini Fabio , Galli Vania , Godino Lea , Leoni Maurizio , Perrone Anna Myriam , Pignatti Marco , Saguatti Gianni , Santini Donatella , Sassoli de'Bianchi Priscilla , Sebastiani Federica , Taffurelli Mario , Tazzioli Giovanni , Turchetti Daniela , Zamagni Claudio , Naldoni Carlo
Published: February 2020

Background

Up to 10% of individuals with breast cancer (BC) belong to families with hereditary syndromes. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to identify individuals/families at high‐hereditary risk for BC and offer dedicated surveillance programs according to different risks.

Methods

The instrument consisted of a primary questionnaire collecting history of BC and ovarian cancer (OC). This questionnaire was applied to women enrolled in the Emilia‐Romagna Breast Cancer Screening Program. General practitioners (GPs) and specialists could propose the same questionnaire too. Women with a score of ≥ 2, were invited to complete an oncogenetic counseling. According to the Tyrer‐Cuzick evaluation, women considered at high risk were invited to involve the most representative alive individual of the family affected with BC/OC for BRCA1/2 genetic testing.

Results

Since January 2012 and December 2016, 660 040 women were evaluated by the regional screening program, of which 22 289 (3.5%) were invited to the Spoke evaluation, but only 5615 accepted (25.2%). Totally, also considering women sent by GPs and specialists, 11 667 were assessed and 5554 were sent to the Hub evaluation. Finally, 2342 (42.8%) women fulfilled the criteria for genetic testing, and 544 (23.2%) resulted BRCA1/2 mutation carriers.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first regional population‐based multistep model that is aimed to identify individuals with BRCA1/2 mutations and to offer an intensive surveillance program for hereditary‐high risk women. This tool is feasible and effective, even if more efforts must be performed to increase the acceptance of multiple assessments by the study population.
One‐Piece Stainless‐Steel 3D Printed Minichannel Evaporators using Flow Boiling Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Kneer Aron , Wirtz Michael , Bozkurt Marcel Can , Solohub Alexander , Laufer Timo , Hauf Markus , Altmannsberger Thomas , Bieg Hermann , Barbe Stephan
Published: February 2020

New concepts are required for high‐performance minichannel evaporators with low mass and reduced size involved in the cooling of cylindrical or conical surfaces. The development of one‐piece stainless‐steel evaporators using flow boiling CO2 for the cooling of conical copper test specimens heated by a foil heater element is presented. The specimens mimic a mobile cooling device used in high‐energy and particle physics. The stainless‐steel evaporators were manufactured with a state‐of‐the‐art 3D stainless‐steel printer via selective laser melting. The computer‐aided design and the construction of this new type of evaporators are described. A dedicated two‐phase accumulator controlled loop filled with liquid CO2 was developed, it allowed for operating four parallel connected evaporators. Cooling efficiency and manufacture reproducibility were experimentally investigated by applying different thermal loads and refrigerant mass flows.
WS2/MoS2 Heterostructures through Thermal Treatment of MoS2 Layers Electrostatically Functionalized with W3S4 Molecular Clusters
Authors: Morant‐Giner Marc , Brotons‐Alcázar Isaac , Shmelev Nikita Y. , Gushchin Artem L. , Norman Luke T. , Khlobystov Andrei N. , Alberola Antonio , Tatay Sergio , Canet‐Ferrer Josep , Forment‐Aliaga Alicia , Coronado Eugenio
Published: February 2020

The preparation of 2D stacked layers combining flakes of different nature gives rise to countless numbers of heterostructures where new band alignments, defined at the interfaces, control the electronic properties of the system. Among the large family of 2D/2D heterostructures, the one formed by the combination of the most common semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides, WS2/MoS2, has awakened great interest owing to its photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical properties. Solution as well as dry physical methods have been developed to optimize the synthesis of these heterostructures. Here, a suspension of negatively charged MoS2 flakes is mixed with a methanolic solution of a cationic W3S4‐core cluster, giving rise to a homogeneous distribution of the clusters over the layers. In a second step, a calcination of this molecular/2D heterostructure under N2 leads to the formation of clean WS2/MoS2 heterostructures, where the photoluminescence of both counterparts is quenched, proving an efficient interlayer coupling. Thus, this chemical method combines the advantages of a solution approach (simple, scalable, and low‐cost) with the good quality interfaces reached by using more complicated traditional physical methods.
Was Menschen bewegt, die etwas bewegen
Authors: Dahlhaus Jürgen
Published: February 2020

Jürgen Dahlhaus, Senior Vice President Process Engineering, BASF, ist seit dem 1. Januar 2020 Vorsitzender der VDI‐Gesellschaft Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen (VDI‐GVC)
chemPhone 2019
Authors: Breit Ferdinand , Weibel Christian , Eberweiser Simon , Reihle Alexander , Stüber Johannes
Published: February 2020

Smartphones sind aus unserem Alltag nicht mehr wegzudenken ‐ ihre Produktion aber verschlingt Unmengen an Energie und Rohstoffen und am Ende stehen Berge von Elektroschrott. Beim Studierenden‐Wettbewerb chemPLANT der kreativen jungen Verfahrensingenieure (kjVI) der VDI‐GVC präsentierten die Teilnehmer zukunftsweisende Lösungsansätze für diese aktuelle Herausforderung. Das Team der TU Kaiserslautern überzeugte mit seinem zukunftsweisenden Konzept zum Smartphone‐Recycling mittels Bioleaching unter Berücksichtigung sozialer Aspekte.
Ressourcenschonende Kreislaufwirtschaft
Authors: Woppowa Ljuba
Published: February 2020

Das 31. Treffen der Betriebsingenieure im Bayerischen Chemiedreieck in Burghausen stand ganz im Zeichen der Themen Nutzen der Digitalisierung und Zirkuläre Wertschöpfung.
Zwei Tage lang MainDays
Authors: Fischer‐Werth Anne
Published: February 2020

Vom 17. ‐ 18. März 2020 trifft sich das ,Who's who' der Instandhaltung auf den MainDays. Der Branchentreff für die Maintenance‐Community bietet eine Plattform zum Erfahrungsaustausch.
Umfangreicher Service für die Fertigung
Authors: Rosen Robert
Published: February 2020

Durch Lohnaufbereitung lässt sich eine Fertiggutmenge herstellen, die z.B. einen Stillstandzeitraum überbrücken kann. Zudem kann Netzsch Lohnmahltechnik auch bei Havarien helfen.
Ersatz und Wartung
Authors: Henkel Markus
Published: February 2020

Auf den ersten Blick scheint die Sache klar: Mit einem generischen Ersatz‐ oder Wartungsteil für den Kompressor lassen sich Kosten sparen. Doch die vermeintlich günstigere Alternative entpuppt sich schnell als Kostenfalle. Nur der Einsatz getesteter und vom Hersteller freigegebener Originalteile stellt einen optimalen Betrieb der Druckluftanlage sicher.
Baubetriebliche Untersuchung von Robotersystemen im Mauerwerksbau
Authors: Malkwitz Alexander , Spengler Arnim J. , Bruckmann Tobias
Published: February 2020

Die Bedeutung von Robotersystemen in der Bauwerkserstellung wird künftig stetig zunehmen. Das zeigt sich u. a. an den zunehmenden Pressemeldungen über erfolgreiche Bauvorhaben und der steigenden Anzahl an verfügbaren Systemen. In diesem Artikel wird untersucht, wo die spezifischen Stärken und Schwächen einzelner Robotersysteme liegen. An der Universität Duisburg‐Essen wird derzeit am Einsatz von Seilrobotern im Mauerwerksbau geforscht. Der vorliegende Artikel präsentiert erste Ergebnisse der Versuchsreihen am Seilroboter. Grundlage bilden die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse sowie die Auswertung vorhandener Literatur und die Sichtung von aktuellem Videomaterial. Ein Ergebnis ist, dass jedes Robotersystem spezifische Stärken und Schwächen aufweist und der Seilroboter gut im Mauerwerksbau eingesetzt werden kann. Es zeigt sich, dass die Kombination und Parallelfertigung mit verschiedenen Robotersystemen langfristig die gefundenen Schwächen einzelner Systeme ausgleichen kann.

(zuerst veröffentlicht: Malkwitz, A., Spengler, A.J., Bruckmann, T. (2019) Baubetriebliche Untersuchung von Robotersystemen im Mauerwerksbau. Bautechnik, 96: 375–379. https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.201800090)
The NYISO Carbon Pricing Initiative: Helping New York Meet Its Clean Energy Goals
Authors: Dewey Richard J.
Published: February 2020

In July 2019, New York Governor Andrew M. Cuomo signed the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act (CLCPA). This historic act requires the state to meet certain aggressive climate goals for the electricity grid. Those goals include requiring that 70 percent of the electricity consumed in New York State be generated from renewable resources by 2030, and a carbon‐dioxide‐emission‐free electricity system by 2040.
Family functioning and involvement in home visiting: Examining program characteristics as moderators to support retention in services
Authors: McKelvey Lorraine M. , Fitzgerald Shalese
Published: February 2020

Developing strategies to improve retention in home visiting programs is critical to their success. The purpose of the study is to examine how the content provided during home visits moderates the association between family risks (economic, household functioning, and conflict) and retention in services. Parents (n = 1,322) voluntarily enrolled in Healthy Families America (n = 618) and Parents as Teachers (n = 704). Family characteristics were collected using the Family Map Inventories. Multilevel analyses showed a moderating impact of the time home visitors spent supporting parent–child interaction for all family risks examined. Moderating effects demonstrated a stronger positive association between focusing on the parent–child relationship and retention at 6 and 12 months for parents demonstrating greater needs. There were no moderating effects of child development content or case management activities with retention at 6 and 12 months. Together, families were more likely to stay in services when home visitors focused on parent–child interaction and child development, but less likely retained with more case management. Parents with greater risks were more likely to remain in services with more time focused on supporting parent–child interactions. Findings suggest the need to support our home visiting workforce in their work to promote healthy parent–child relationships.
Expulsion prevention: Framework for the role of infant and early childhood mental health consultation in addressing implicit biases
Authors: Davis Annie E. , Perry Deborah F. , Rabinovitz Lauren
Published: February 2020

Young children of color—especially boys—are at disproportionate risk for suspension and expulsion from early care and education settings. Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation (IECMHC) is an approach associated with lower than expected expulsion rates, but the mechanisms through which it may influence preschool expulsion are unknown. This paper reflects on the parallels between IECMHC and interventions created to reduce implicit bias. Based on interviews with leaders in IECMHC practice, implementation, and evaluation, a theoretical framework was created to articulate how IECMHC is hypothesized to affect expulsion by first reducing the influence of implicit bias on disciplinary decisions. Implications for practice and research are provided.
Q5‐factorization of λKn
Authors: Doğan Oğuz , Küçükçifçi Selda , Yazıcı Emine Ş.
Published: February 2020

Qk is the simple graph whose vertices are the k‐tuples with entries in {0, 1} and edges are the pairs of k‐tuples that differ in exactly one position. In this paper, we proved that there exists a Q5‐factorization of λKn if and only if (a) n ≡ 0(mod 32) if λ ≡ 0(mod 5) and (b) n ≡ 96(mod 160) if λ ≢ 0(mod 5).
Prolonged methamphetamine exposure during a critical period in neonatal Sprague Dawley rats does not exacerbate egocentric and allocentric learning deficits but increases reference memory impairments
Authors: Williams Michael T. , Amos‐Kroohs Robyn M. , Vorhees Charles V.
Published: February 2020

Children exposed to methamphetamine (MA) in utero have cognitive deficits. MA administration in rats for 5–10 days between postnatal days (P)6 and 20 produces cognitive deficits. The purpose of this study was to determine if extending MA administration by 5 days within P6–20 would exacerbate allocentric (Morris water maze) and egocentric (Cincinnati water maze) learning deficits. Sprague Dawley female and male offspring (split‐litter design) were administered saline (SAL) or MA (10 mg/kg) four times daily from P6 to 20 to create four groups: (a) SAL from P6 to 20, (b) MA from P6 to 20 (MA6–20), (c) MA from P6 to 15 (MA6–15), or (d) MA from P11 to 20 (MA11–20); the latter groups received saline on days they did not receive MA. Egocentric, allocentric, and conditioned freezing tests began on P60. The MA6–15 and MA6–20 groups showed egocentric deficits, all MA groups had allocentric deficits but no differences in conditioned freezing compared with SAL controls. The MA6–15 and MA6–20 groups had similar deficits in learning and memory that were larger than in the MA11–20 group. Learning in both mazes was sex dependent, but no interactions with MA were found. The data demonstrate that extending the exposure period of MA beyond the sensitive periods (P6–15 and P11–20) did not exacerbate the cognitive deficits.
Unidirectional, Ultrafast, and Bright Spontaneous Emission Source Enabled By a Hybrid Plasmonic Nanoantenna
Authors: Yang Guoce , Shen Qixin , Niu Yijie , Wei Hong , Bai Benfeng , Mikkelsen Maiken H. , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: February 2020

Inefficient and wide‐angle emission as well as low emission rate of optical nanoemitters (such as quantum dots) have been strongly limiting their practical applications in next‐generation nanophotonic devices, such as nanoscale light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and on‐chip single photon sources. Optical nanoantennas provide a promising way to deal with these challenges. Yet, there has been no solution that can overcome these drawbacks simultaneously on a single device. Here, a hybrid plasmonic nanoantenna consisting of a silver nanocube positioned at the center of a gold concentric‐ring structure is proposed, which can simultaneously enhance the emission directionality and decay rate of quantum dots embedded in the nanogap beneath the nanocube while maintaining high quantum efficiency. Coupling quantum dots to this nanoantenna can result in 60% of the emitted photons collected by the first lens with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.5 and 21% for a NA of 0.12. The total emission intensity and decay rate are enhanced by 121‐fold and 424‐fold, respectively, compared with quantum dots on a glass substrate. A high quantum efficiency above 50% is obtained in simulation. This novel platform can be applied to enhance various types of optical nanoemitters and to develop high‐speed directional nano‐LEDs and single photon sources.
Evaluation of allelic alterations in short tandem repeats in papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Dang Zhen , Li Lu , Kong Xia , Zhang Guoan , Liu Qi , Li Haibin , Li Liang , Zhang Renya , Cui Wen , Wang Yequan
Published: February 2020

Background

Malignant tissue samples may be the only source of biological material for forensic investigations, including individual identification or paternity testing; however, such samples may lead to uncertainties due to frequent genomic aberrations associated with tumors, including alterations of the short tandem repeat (STR) loci used for forensic casework.

Methods

Short tandem repeat loci routinely used in forensic analysis (n = 23) were analyzed in 68 surgically removed papillary thyroid cancer specimens. Tumor cells and normal stromal cells were separated by laser capture microdissection.

Results

Four kinds of changes were detected between normal and tumor tissues: partial loss of heterozygosity (pLOH), complete loss of heterozygosity, an additional allele, and a new allele not found in normal tissue. These changes were distributed across 20 of the tested STRs, with no mutations in VWA, D16S539, or Penta D. The most frequently affected locus was D2S1338, and the most frequent type of alteration was pLOH. Samples from patients aged 40–59 years exhibited the highest frequencies of STR variation.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that great care should be taken in the evaluation of DNA typing results obtained from malignant tissues, particularly when no normal tissue reference samples are available.
A time‐fractional competition ecological model with cross‐diffusion
Authors: Manimaran J. , Shangerganesh L. , Debbouche Amar
Published: February 2020

This paper is concerned with some mathematical and numerical aspects of a Lotka‐Volterra competition time‐fractional reaction‐diffusion system with cross‐diffusion effects. First, we study the existence of weak solutions of the model following the well‐known Faedo‐Galerkin approximation method and convergence arguments. We demonstrate the convergence of approximate solutions to actual solutions using the energy estimates. Next, the Galerkin finite element scheme is proposed for the considered model. Further, various numerical simulations are performed to show that the fractional‐order derivative plays a significant role on the morphological changes of the considered competition model.