Non-motor symptom burden in patients with Parkinson’s disease with impulse control disorders and compulsive behaviours: results from the COPPADIS cohort
Authors: Jesús S. , Labrador-Espinosa M. A. , Adarmes A. D. , Méndel-Del Barrio C. , Martínez-Castrillo J. C. , Alonso-Cánovas A. , Sánchez Alonso P. , Novo-Ponte S. , Alonso-Losada M. G. , López Ariztegui N. , Segundo Rodríguez J. C. , Morales M. I. , Gastón I. , Lacruz Bescos F. , Clavero Ibarra P. , Kulisevsky J. , Pagonabarraga J. , Pascual-Sedano B. , Martínez-Martín P. , Santos-García D. , Mir P. ,   COPPADIS Study Group, Aguilar M. , Almeria M. , Álvarez Sauco M. , Arnáiz S. , Arribas S. , Ascunce Vidondo A. , Bernardo N. , Bejr-Kasem H. , Blázquez Estrada M. , Botí M. , Borrue C. , Cabello González C. , Cámara Lorenzo A. , Carrillo F. , Carrillo Padilla F. , Casas E. , Catalán M. J. , Cortina Fernández A. , Cots Foraster A. , Crespo Cuevas A. , Cubo E. , Díez-Fairen M. , Escalante S. , Erro E. , de Fábregues-Boixar O. , Fernández Guillán N. , Gámez P. , Gallego M. , García Caldentey J. , García Campos C. , García Moreno J. M. , Gómez Garre M. P. , González Aloy J. , González Ardura J. , González García B. , González Palmás M. J. , González Toledo G. R. , Golpe Díaz A. , Grau Solá M. , Guardia G. , Horta-Barba A. , Infante J. , Kurtis M. , Hernández Vara J. , Labandeira C. , Lage Castro M. , Legarda I. , López Díaz L. M. , López Manzanares L. , López Seoane B. , Macías Y. , Mata M. , Martí Andres G. , Martí M. J. , McAfee D. , Meitín M. T. , Menéndez González M. , Miranda Santiago J. , Moreno Diéguez A. , Nogueira V. , Novo Amado A. , Ordás C. , Pastor P. , Paz González J. M. , Pareés I. , Pérez Fuertes A. , Pérez Noguera R. , Planellas L. , Prats M. A. , Prieto Jurczynska C. , Pueyo M. , Puente V. , Redondo Rafales N. , Rodríguez Méndez L. , Rodríguez Pérez A. B. , Roldán F. , De Arcos M. Ruíz , Ruíz Martínez J. , Sánchez-Carpintero M. , Sánchez Díez G. , Sánchez Rodríguez A. , Santacruz P. , Seijo M. , Serarols A. , Sierra Peña M. , Solano B. , Suárez-Castro E. , Tartari J. P. , Valero C. , Vargas L. , Vázquez Gómez R. , Vela L. , Villanueva C. , Vives B. , Villar M. D. 
Published: October 2020

The study was aimed at analysing the frequency of impulse control disorders (ICDs) and compulsive behaviours (CBs) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and in control subjects (CS) as well as the relationship between ICDs/CBs and motor, nonmotor features and dopaminergic treatment in PD patients. Data came from COPPADIS-2015, an observational, descriptive, nationwide (Spain) study. We used the validated Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) for ICD/CB screening. The association between demographic data and ICDs/CBs was analyzed in both groups. In PD, this relationship was evaluated using clinical features and treatment-related data. As result, 613 PD patients (mean age 62.47 ± 9.09 years, 59.87% men) and 179 CS (mean age 60.84 ± 8.33 years, 47.48% men) were included. ICDs and CBs were more frequent in PD (ICDs 12.7% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001; CBs 7.18% vs. 1.67%, p = 0.01). PD patients had more frequent previous ICDs history, premorbid impulsive personality and antidepressant treatment (p < 0.05) compared with CS. In PD, patients with ICDs/CBs presented younger age at disease onset, more frequent history of previous ICDs and premorbid personality (p < 0.05), as well as higher comorbidity with nonmotor symptoms, including depression and poor quality of life. Treatment with dopamine agonists increased the risk of ICDs/CBs, being dose dependent (p < 0.05). As conclusions, ICDs and CBs were more frequent in patients with PD than in CS. More nonmotor symptoms were present in patients with PD who had ICDs/CBs compared with those without. Dopamine agonists have a prominent effect on ICDs/CBs, which could be influenced by dose.