bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finite-Time Boundedness and H∞ Control for Affine Switched Systems
Authors: Han Lu , Qiu Cunyong , Jiang Lin
Published: July 2018

For affine switched systems, the existence of multiple equilibria is related to subsystems owing to the affine terms, which makes asymptotic and finite-time stability analysis nontrivial. In this paper, the problems of finite-time boundedness (FTB) analysis and stabilization are addressed for affine switched systems, and several definitions and sufficient conditions are proposed to study FTB and H∞ performance. At first, the definition of FTB for affine switched systems is improved concerning the affine terms and multiple equilibria. Based on the FTB definition, sufficient conditions ensuring finite-time boundedness for affine switched systems under a prespecified state boundary are given. Then the results are extended to solve H∞ finite-time boundedness problem, in which the H∞ controllers are designed to guarantee the finite-time boundedness of affine switched system with H∞ performance. In our investigation, average dwell-time approach is employed to study the time-dependent constrained switching case. Finally, several numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Maternal and Neonatal Characteristics for Late Foetal Death in Latvia between 2001 and 2014: Population-Based Study
Authors: Zile Irisa , Ebela Inguna , Folkmanis Valdis , Rumba Rozenfelde Ingrida
Published: July 2018

Introduction. Stillbirth is one of the most common adverse pregnancy outcomes worldwide. Late foetal death (LFD) rates are mostly used for international comparisons because of the large variations in stillbirth rates between countries. Objective. To examine trends in LFD (including antepartum and intrapartum) by multiple births, birth weight, and maternal age in two time periods. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was used to analyse data from the Medical Birth Register (2001–2014), divided into 2 periods of 7 years each. In total, data on 1,340 singletons were analysed. This study calculated LFD rates and rate ratios (RR). Results. The overall LFD rate showed a slight statistically significant reduction (p < 0.001) of 18% between 2001–2007 and 2008–2014. There was a slight increase in the mortality rate from multiple pregnancies (RR 1.1/1000; 95% CI 0.6-1.9). There were no major differences in the LFD rate by maternal age during the time periods. Conclusions. LFD decreased (RR 0.8/1000 births), as well as intrapartum LFD (RR 0.6/1000 births). Older maternal age influenced pregnancy outcomes, and higher LFD rates were observed in the age group ≥35 years. Substantial intrapartum stillbirths rates indicate problems with quality of intrapartum care and emergency obstetric care. Further research is needed to evaluate the strategies necessary to substantially reduce the number of stillbirths in the country.
Improved Outcomes following the Establishment of a Neurocritical Care Unit in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Soliman Ibrahim , Aletreby Waleed Tharwat , Faqihi Fahad , Mahmood Nasir Nasim , Ramadan Omar E. , Mady Ahmad Fouad , Kahlon Babar , Alharthy Abdulrahman , Brindley Peter , Karakitsos Dimitrios
Published: July 2018

Background. Dedicated neurocritical care units have dramatically improved the management and outcome following brain injury worldwide. Aim. This is the first study in the Middle East to evaluate the clinical impact of a neurocritical care unit (NCCU) launched within the diverse clinical setting of a polyvalent intensive care unit (ICU). Design and Methods. A retrospective before and after cohort study comparing the outcomes of neurologically injured patients. Group one met criteria for NCCU admission but were admitted to the general ICU as the NCCU was not yet operational (group 1). Group two were subsequently admitted thereafter to the NCCU once it had opened (group 2). The primary outcome was all-cause ICU and hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were ICU length of stay (LOS), predictors of ICU and hospital discharge, ICU discharge Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), frequency of tracheostomies, ICP monitoring, and operative interventions. Results. Admission to NCCU was a significant predictor of increased hospital discharge with an odds ratio of 2.3 (95% CI: 1.3–4.1; p=0.005). Group 2 (n = 208 patients) compared to Group 1 (n = 364 patients) had a significantly lower ICU LOS (15 versus 21.4 days). Group 2 also had lower ICU and hospital mortality rates (5.3% versus 10.2% and 9.1% versus 19.5%, respectively; all p<0.05). Group 2 patients had higher discharge GCS and underwent fewer tracheostomies but more interventional procedures (all p<0.05). Conclusion. Admission to NCCU, within a polyvalent Middle Eastern ICU, was associated with significantly decreased mortality and increased hospital discharge.
Size-Selective Precipitation and Aggregate Reduction of FePt-Based Nanoparticles
Authors: Sarmphim Pharunee , Jantaratana Pongsakorn , Sirisathitkul Chitnarong
Published: July 2018

Magnetic nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution are desirable for applications in ultra-high density data storage and biomedicine. In this work, the size-selective precipitation and aggregate reduction were combined to classify superparamagnetic iron platinum- (FePt-) based nanoparticles. The size-selective precipitation was implemented with the variation in the amount of ethanol. In the first condition, the ratio of ethanol-to-nanosuspension of 3 : 4 was used in the precipitation twice. By contrast, the second condition employed the ratios of ethanol-to-nanosuspension of 4 : 4 in the first precipitation and 5 : 4 in the second precipitation. The first precipitation successfully sorted out the aggregated particles, and the second precipitation collected particles with a narrow size distribution. The increase in ethanol enhanced the monodispersity of nanoparticles as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and size distribution curves. In addition, large aggregated by-products from the precipitation stage were sonicated with the addition of surfactants. The increase in ultrasonic power reduces the aggregation, but the longer sonication led to an uneven distribution.
Spectroscopy of z=0 Lifshitz Black Hole
Authors: Tokgoz Gulnihal , Sakalli Izzet
Published: July 2018

We studied the thermodynamics and spectroscopy of a 4-dimensional, z=0 Lifshitz black hole (Z0LBH). Using Wald’s entropy formula and the Hawking temperature, we derived the quasi-local mass of the Z0LBH. Based on the exact solution to the near-horizon Schrödinger-like equation (SLE) of the massive scalar waves, we computed the quasi-normal modes of the Z0LBH via employing the adiabatic invariant quantity for the Z0LBH. This study shows that the entropy and area spectra of the Z0LBH are equally spaced.
The Relationship between Compound Danshen Dripping Pills with Isosorbide Mononitrate in the Treatment of Elderly Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Liang Yulin , Zou Junbo , Zhang Xiaofei , Wang Yu , Tai Jia , Guo Dongyan , Cui Chunli , Wang Jing , Cheng Jiangxue , Shi Yajun
Published: July 2018

Objective. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Compound Danshen Dripping Pill (CDDP) and Isosorbide Mononitrate (ISMN) in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris (UAP) in the elderly. Materials and Methods. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, CBM, and PubMed databases were searched for appropriate articles without language limitations on keywords. RevMan 5.3 software was used to perform the meta‐analysis. Results. This analysis compared CDDP with ISMN of 21 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved a total of 2356 patients with UAP. When the treatment lasted for four weeks, the clinical effective rate was OR = 3.97, 95% CI = 2.97, 5.30, and P < 0.00001, the ECG efficiency was OR = 3.43, 95% CI = 2.13, 5.53, and P < 0.00001, and incidence of adverse reactions was OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.52, 1.04, and P = 0.08 > 0.05. When the treatment lasted for eight weeks, clinical efficiency rate was OR = 4.22, 95% CI = 2.37, 3.79, and P < 0.00001, incidence of adverse reactions was OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.26, 1.27, and P = 0.17 > 0.05, whole blood low‐cut blood viscosity was SMD = ‐0.61 and 95% CI ‐1.60, 0.38, whole blood high‐cut blood viscosity was SMD = ‐0.38 and 95% CI ‐0.97, 0.21, and blood cells specific volume was SMD = ‐0.80 and 95% CI ‐2.61, 1.01. Conclusion. Based on this meta‐analysis, the CDDP was superior to ISMN with UAP in the elderly. However, there is still a need to further verify the clinical efficacy and safety of CDDP with more strictly designed RCTs with large sample and multiple centers in the future.
Xylose Improves Antibiotic Activity of Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline againstK. pneumoniaeandA. baumanniiin a Murine Model of Skin Infection
Authors: Hidalgo Alejandro A. , Arias Ángel J. , Fuentes Juan A. , García Patricia , Mora Guido C. , Villagra Nicolás A.
Published: July 2018

Increased resistance to antimicrobials in clinically important bacteria has been widely reported. The major mechanism causing multidrug resistance (MDR) is mediated by efflux pumps, proteins located in the cytoplasmic membrane to exclude antimicrobial drug. Some efflux pumps recognize and expel a variety of unrelated antimicrobial agents, while other efflux pumps can expel only one specific class of antibiotics. Previously, we have reported that xylose decreases the efflux-mediated antimicrobial resistance inSalmonella typhimurium,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andAcinetobacter baumannii in vitro. In this work, we assessed the effectiveness of combining xylose with antibiotics to kill resistantAcinetobacter baumanniiandKlebsiella pneumoniaein a murine model of skin infection. Skin infections were established by seeding 109bacteria onto eroded skin of mice. Mice treated with the antibiotic alone or with a mixture of glucose and antibiotics or xylose and antibiotics were compared to a control group that was infected but received no further treatment. We observed that the mixtures xylose-tetracycline and xylose-chloramphenicol produced a decrease of at least 10 times viableAcinetobacter baumanniiandKlebsiella pneumoniaerecovered from infected skin, compared with mice treated with the antibiotic alone. Our results show that xylose improves the antibiotic activity of tetracycline and chloramphenicol against efflux-mediated resistanceAcinetobacter baumanniiandKlebsiella pneumoniae, in a murine model of skin infection. We envision these combined formulations as an efficient treatment of skin infections with bacteria presenting efflux-mediated resistance, in both humans and animals.
Segmental Arterial Mediolysis of Omental Arteries with Haemoperitoneum: Case Report with Embolization of the Left Omental Artery and Brief Review of Literature
Authors: Rott Gernot , Boecker Frieder
Published: July 2018

Segmental arterial mediolysis of an omental artery is an exceptionally rare condition. A 69-year-old man presented with haemoperitoneum six days after being hospitalized due to pneumogenic sepsis. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a short segment dilatation of an omental artery in the left upper abdomen, compatible with segmental arterial mediolysis. Angiographic examination revealed alterations of omental branches of the right gastroepiploic artery and an aneurysm of the left omental artery, both characteristic of segmental arterial mediolysis. Embolization of the left omental artery with use of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was performed. The postinterventional course was uneventful with increase of haemoglobin levels and without symptoms of omental infarction. Transcatheter embolization in the setting of haemoperitoneum due to segmental arterial mediolysis of an omental branch is technically feasible and a valuable alternative to emergency operation.
Reliability Evolution of Elevators Based on the Rough Set and the Improved TOPSIS Method
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhao Xianli , Liu Canmian , Wang Wei
Published: July 2018

Focusing on reliability evaluation of elevator equipment operation, this paper builds a model for reliability evaluation of elevator equipment. First, we analyze the factors influencing the reliability of elevators and extract the initial evaluation indicators from four macro-perspectives: people, management, equipment, and environment, to build the index system for reliability evaluation of elevator equipment. And, we reduce the indicator set to remove the unnecessary indicators by using the rough set and weight the reduced indicators according to expert opinions. Finally, on this basis, we combine the grey number theory with the TOPSIS method to build an improved TOPSIS evaluation model, to evaluate the reliability of elevators and determine the optimal ordering.
A New Sufficient Condition for Checking the Robust Stabilization of Uncertain Descriptor Fractional-Order Systems
Authors: Wang Hongxing , Liu Aijing
Published: July 2018

We consider the robust asymptotical stabilization of uncertain a class of descriptor fractional-order systems. In the state matrix, we require that the parameter uncertainties are time-invariant and norm-bounded. We derive a sufficient condition for the system with the fractional-order α satisfying 1≤α<2 in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The condition of the proposed stability criterion for fractional-order system is easy to be verified. An illustrative example is given to show that our result is effective.
An Eco-Friendly Method of BaTiO3 Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Coconut Water
Authors: Gomes Maria de Andrade , Magalhães Lucas Gonçalves , Paschoal Alexandre Rocha , Macedo Zélia Soares , Lima Álvaro Silva , Eguiluz Katlin Ivon Barrios , Salazar-Banda Giancarlo Richard
Published: July 2018

BaTiO3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a new coconut water-based sol–gel method using Ba(CH3COO)2 and TiCl3 as the starting salts. The influence of the amount of coconut water and calcination conditions on the barium titanate crystallization was investigated. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The ferroelectric tetragonal single phase of BaTiO3 was obtained in samples prepared with a ratio of coconut water volume (mL)/BaTiO3 mass (g) of 25 : 2 and 30 : 2, calcined at 1100°C, which was confirmed by XRD measurements. Crystallites with an average size of about 31 nm for both samples were obtained, and microscopy images revealed the presence of particles in the range of 40 to 60 nm. Raman and FTIR spectra confirmed the dominant tetragonal phase of BaTiO3, meanwhile traces of BaCO3 were identified in FTIR spectra.
Perceptions, Practices, and Mother’s Willingness to Provide Meconium for Use in the Assessment of Environmental Exposures among Children in Mukono and Pallisa Districts, Uganda
Authors: Ssempebwa John C. , Musinguzi Geofrey , Sebina Kibira Simon Peter
Published: July 2018

Presence of biomarkers or metabolites is assessed in various human biospecimens including meconium in the investigation of exposures to environmental contaminants. This study gathered data on the perceptions and practices of mothers in two rural districts of Uganda concerning meconium and their willingness to provide meconium from their babies for research purposes. The study reveals a wide range of perceptions and beliefs around meconium as well as a number of associated taboos and practices. Many participants noted that meconium could be used to detect ailments among newborns based on its appearance. Practices and beliefs included using it to prevent stomach discomfort and other ailments of newborns, as a means to confirm paternity and initiate the child into the clan as well as facilitating father-child bonding that included ingestion of meconium by the fathers. Most mothers indicated scepticism in accepting to provide meconium for research purposes and had fears of unscrupulous people disguising as researchers and using meconium to harm their children. However, some were willing to provide meconium, if it helped to detect ailments among their children. These perceptions and practices may negatively influence mothers’ willingness to participate in meconium study. However, through provision of educational and behaviour change interventions, mothers’ willingness to participate in a meconium study can be improved.
Influence of Biological Therapeutics, Cytokines, and Disease Activity on Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Figueiredo-Braga Margarida , Cornaby Caleb , Cortez Alice , Bernardes Miguel , Terroso Georgina , Figueiredo Marta , Mesquita Cristina Dos Santos , Costa Lúcia , Poole Brian D.
Published: July 2018

Purpose. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an often debilitating autoinflammatory disease. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are often troubled by co-occurring depression or other psychological manifestations. RA patients have a variety of treatment options available, including biologicals that inhibit cytokines or immune cells. If these cytokines influence the psychological symptoms, then the use of cytokine inhibitors should modulate these symptoms. Methods. A cohort of 209 individuals was recruited. This group included 82 RA patients, 22 healthy subjects, 32 depressed control subjects, and 73 subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus. Of the RA patients, 51% were on a biological therapeutic. ELISA was used to measure cytokine levels. A variety of psychological assessments were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, sleep, fatigue, and relationship status. Clinical values were obtained from medical records. Results. IL-10 concentration was associated with depressive symptoms in the RA patients, healthy controls, and the lupus patients. In the patients with primary depression, depressive symptoms were associated with IL-6 and TNF-alpha. In RA patients, Tocilizumab use was associated with decreased depressive symptoms. 14 RA patients who were not using biologicals began using them by a one-month follow-up. In these patients, there was no significant change to any value except for fatigue. Conclusions. A variety of both biological and social factors influences depressive symptoms in RA. IL-10 and IL-6 are likely to be involved, since IL-10 concentration was associated with depression and Tocilizumab decreased depressive symptoms in the RA patients. The roles of these cytokines are different in RA and lupus, as high IL-10 in RA is associated with increased depressive symptoms, but high IL-10 in the lupus patients is associated with decreased depression. IL-6 was also associated with depressive symptoms in the patients with primary depression. These results strongly indicate that disease activity, including cytokine levels, has a strong impact on depressive symptoms.
SLC6A45HTTLPR Polymorphism Affects Insulin Secretion in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Šenk Barbara , Goričar Katja , Kravos Nika Aleksandra , Jensterle Sever Mojca , Janež Andrej , Dolžan Vita
Published: July 2018

Purpose. To investigate in a pilot study of genetic polymorphisms in serotonin system influencing basal- and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods. A cross-sectional study included 65 female patients with PCOS followed up at the endocrine outpatient clinic of the University Medical Center Ljubljana and a control group of 94 young healthy female blood donors. Oral glucose tolerance test was performed only in PCOS patients and basal- and glucose-stimulated blood glucose and insulin levels were measured. All the subjects were genotyped for5HTR1Ars6295,5HTR1Brs13212041, andSLC6A45HTTLPR polymorphisms in the serotonin system.Results. Genotype distributions were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), except for5HTR1Ars6295 in healthy controls and5HTR1Brs13212041 in PCOS patients that were not consistent with HWE.SLC6A45HTTLPR polymorphism was significantly associated with insulin secretion (p=0.030) and with the area under the curve of insulin blood levels during OGTT (p=0.021). None of the investigated polymorphisms was significantly associated with basal- or glucose-stimulated blood glucose levels at any point in time during OGTT or with the basal insulin concentration.Conclusions.Serotonin system may play a role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in patients with insulin resistance (IR) and decreased insulin sensitivity. Further studies are needed to conclude whether the observed effect is characteristic for PCOS-related metabolic disturbances or for the identified mutation in different high metabolic risk populations.
On the Convergence of a Family of Chlodowsky Type Bernstein-Stancu-Schurer Operators
Authors: Shu Lian-Ta , Zhou Guorong , Cai Qing-Bo
Published: July 2018

We construct a new family of univariate Chlodowsky type Bernstein-Stancu-Schurer operators and bivariate tensor product form. We obtain the estimates of moments and central moments of these operators, obtain weighted approximation theorem, establish local approximation theorems by the usual and the second order modulus of continuity, estimate the rate of convergence, give a convergence theorem for the Lipschitz continuous functions, and also obtain a Voronovskaja-type asymptotic formula. For the bivariate case, we give the rate of convergence by using the weighted modulus of continuity. We also give some graphs and numerical examples to illustrate the convergent properties of these operators to certain functions and show that the new ones have a better approximation to functions f for one dimension.
PPAR-γAgonist Alleviates Liver and Spleen Pathology via Inducing Treg Cells duringSchistosoma japonicumInfection
Authors: Zhu Yuxiao , Ni Yangyue , Liu Ran , Hou Min , Yang Bingya , Song Jingwei , Sun Hongzhi , Xu Zhipeng , Ji Minjun
Published: July 2018

Background. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- (PPAR-)γplays critical roles in human metabolic disorders and has recently been implicated as a regulator of cellular proliferation and inflammatory responses. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which express high levels of PPAR-γprotein, have the ability to maintain immune tolerance to self-antigens and regulate immune response toSchistosomainfection. However, mechanisms involved in the resolution of these responses are elusive.Methods. Liver and spleen tissue samples inSchistosoma japonicum-infected mice after administration of pioglitazone (a PPAR-γagonist) were collected. The hepatic and splenic pathologies were detected by H&E and Masson staining. The percentages of Th1/2 and Treg cells in the liver and spleen of each mouse were determined using flow cytometry. Levels of gene expression of PPAR-γand Foxp3 in tissues or cells were determined using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Macrophages were treated with pioglitazonein vitroor cocultured with normal purified CD4+T cells for detecting Treg cells by flow cytometry. The interactions of PPAR-γwith Foxp3 in CD4+T cells were detected by coimmunoprecipitation.Results. Administration of pioglitazone resulted in the prevention of the development of hepatic and splenic pathologies. Activation of PPAR-γby pioglitazone resulted in increased percentages of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells and decreased percentages of CD3+CD4+IFN-γ+and CD3+CD4+IL-4+cells in the liver and spleen ofSchistosoma japonicum-infected mice. In addition, the PPAR-γagonist can induce Treg cellsin vitrodirectly or by modulating the macrophage’s function indirectly. Furthermore, through interaction with Foxp3 in CD4+T cells, the PPAR-γagonist can promote the expression of Foxp3; however, the inhibitor of PPAR-γweakened the expression of Foxp3 by modifying the coexpression of Foxp3 and PPAR-γ.Conclusions. Our study reveals a previously unrecognized role for PPAR-γ/Foxp3 signaling in regulating the immunopathology that occurs duringSchistosomainfection through induction of Treg cells.
Resistance‐Trained Individuals Are Less Susceptible to Oxidative Damage after Eccentric Exercise
Authors: Spanidis Ypatios , Stagos Dimitrios , Papanikolaou Christina , Karatza Konstantina , Theodosi Andria , Veskoukis Aristidis S. , Deli Chariklia K. , Poulios Athanasios , Koulocheri Sofia D. , Jamurtas Athanasios Z. , Haroutounian Serkos A. , Kouretas Demetrios
Published: July 2018

It has been proposed that exercise‐induced oxidative stress and adaptations are dependent on training status. In this study, we examined the effects of training background on free radical generation and adaptations after eccentric exercise. Forty volunteers were divided into two groups (trained and untrained) and were asked to perform eccentric exercise. Then, their blood samples were collected pre, 24, 48, and 72 hours postexercise. Biomarkers indicating oxidative damage and the antioxidant profiles of the participants were measured in plasma and erythrocyte lysate both spectrophotometrically and chromatographically. The results revealed that the untrained group depicted more severe oxidative damage (protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde), weaker antioxidant status (reduced glutathione, static and capacity oxidation‐reduction potential), and weaker radical‐scavenging activity (superoxide radical scavenging and reducing power) compared to the trained participants. Our findings show that trained individuals are less susceptible to oxidative damage and suggest that generalized nutritional recommendations regarding recovery after exercise should be avoided.
Gender Perspective on Older People’s Exercise Preferences and Motivators in the Context of Falls Prevention: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sandlund Marlene , Pohl Petra , Ahlgren Christina , Skelton Dawn A. , Melander-Wikman Anita , Bergvall-Kåreborn Birgitta , Lundin-Olsson Lillemor
Published: July 2018

Background. Several factors have previously been identified to positively influence the uptake and adherence for fall prevention exercise programmes. There is, however, a lack of studies investigating if men and women differ in their views and preferences for fall prevention exercises. Aim. To explore exercise preferences and motivators of older community-dwelling women and men in the context of falls prevention from a gender perspective. Methods. Workshops including multistage focus group discussions were conducted with 18 older community-dwelling people with and without history of falls. Participants were purposively selected and divided into two groups. Each group met on six occasions over a period of five months. Participatory and Appreciative Action and Reflection methodology was used to guide the discussions. A qualitative content analysis approach was used in the analysis. Results. Older participants had many diverse preferences and confirmed that individually tailored exercise, in terms of mode, intensity, challenge, and social context, is important. Moreover, important factors for exercise adherence and maintenance included the experience of individual confirmation; different spirit lifters to increase enjoyment; and personal tricks to maintain exercise routines. The individual differences within genders were more diverse than the differences between women and men. Conclusion. Exercise interventions to prevent falls should be individually tailored, based on the specific needs and preferences of the older participant, and do not appear to require gender specific approaches. To increase adherence, intrinsic motivation for exercise may be encouraged by competence enhancing confirmations, energizing spirit lifters, and practical tips for exercise maintenance. The study provides an awareness about women’s and men’s preferences for fall prevention exercises, and this information could be used as guidance in designing inclusive exercise interventions.
Atypical Features Resembling Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting Entirely within a Follicular Adenoma
Authors: Ching Daniel , Leslie Connull
Published: July 2018

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is rare and is usually widely invasive at presentation. Here we present an unusual case with a component meeting diagnostic criteria for PDTC by Turin consensus proposal arising within a follicular adenoma. A 44-year-old female was found to have an incidental right thyroid nodule that was suggestive of follicular neoplasm on FNA. Histological examination of hemithyroidectomy revealed an 11 mm focus with insular growth pattern, alteration in cell morphology, and high mitotic count meeting criteria for PDTC. In addition there were several regions showing trabecular architecture with increased mitotic activity but not meeting criteria for PDTC. The literature for such cases is sparse but suggests much better prognosis than conventional invasive PDTC, although a biological potential for aggressive behaviour may be possible.
Laser Speckle Imaging of Sensitized Acupoints
Authors: Ding Ning , Jiang Jing , Liu Xiaoxiao , Xu Yiyuan , Hu Jiatong , Li Zhigang
Published: July 2018

Acupoints microcirculatory dynamics vary depending on the body’s health status. However, the functional changes observed during acupoint sensitization, that is, the disease‐induced change from a “silenced” to an “activated” status, remain elusive. In this study, the microcirculatory changes at acupoints during sensitization were characterized. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (N), sham osteoarthritis group (S), light osteoarthritis group (A), mild osteoarthritis group (B), and heavy osteoarthritis group (C). The obtained results showed that the blood perfusion levels at the acupoints Yanglingquan (GB34), Zusanli (ST36), and Heding (EX‐LE2) in groups A, B, and C were higher than those in groups N and S on days 14, 21, and 28 (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). A significant difference in the blood perfusion was also observed at the acupoint Weizhong (BL40) in groups B and C on days 21 and 28 (p < 0.01). In addition, remarkable differences in the level of blood perfusion at the GB34, ST36, and EX‐LE2 acupoints were observed on day 28 (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) among groups A, B, and C. No marked differences in blood perfusion levels were observed at the nonacupoint site among all groups. In conclusion, acupoint sensitization is associated with an increase in the level of local blood perfusion at specific acupoints, and this increase is positively correlated with the severity of the disease. The functional changes in microcirculation at acupoints during sensitization reflect the different physiological and pathological conditions imposed by the disease.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Myricitrin Have Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Effects on Streptozotocin‐Nicotinamide‐Induced Diabetic Model and Myotube Cell of Male Mouse
Authors: Ahangarpour Akram , Oroojan Ali Akbar , Khorsandi Layasadat , Kouchak Maryam , Badavi Mohammad
Published: July 2018

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may occur via oxidative stress. Myricitrin is a plant‐derived antioxidant, and its solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) may be more potent. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of myricitrin SLN on streptozotocin‐nicotinamide‐ (STZ‐NA‐) induced T2DM of the mouse and hyperglycemic myotube. In this experimental study, cold homogenization method was used to prepare SLN. Then, 120 adult male NMRI mice were divided into 7 groups: control, vehicle, diabetes (received STZ 65 mg/kg 15 min after injected NA 120 mg/kg), diabetes + SLN containing myricitrin 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, and diabetes + metformin. For in vitro study, myoblast (C2C12) cell line was cultured and divided into 6 groups (n = 3): control, hyperglycemia, hyperglycemia + SLN containing myricitrin 1, 3, and, 10 μM, and hyperglycemia + metformin. After the last nanoparticle treatment, plasma samples, pancreas and muscle tissues, and myotubes were taken for experimental assessments. Diabetes increased lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant defense along with the hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and pancreas apoptosis. Hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress, antioxidant impairment, and cellular apoptosis. Myricitrin SLN improved diabetes and hyperglycemia complications in the in vivo and in vitro studies. Therefore, SLN of myricitrin showed antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiapoptotic effects in the mouse and myotube cells.
Controlling the Structure of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics with Dual Pores Prepared Using Freeze-Casting
Authors: Cheng Z. , Yang Y. C. , Wu Z. P.
Published: July 2018

A hydrogen peroxide solution in deionized water was used as the pore-forming agent in freeze-casting to fabricate a hydroxyapatite porous ceramic containing both lamellar and spherical macrospores. The influence of the volumetric content of H2O2 in the mixed solvent on the morphology of the porous ceramic was analyzed, and the effect of the solvent cooling speed on the microstructure and pore morphology of the pore ceramic was also investigated. The results show that H2O as the sole pore-forming agent led to the formation of a HA scaffold with only lamellar pores. When 3% (v/v) of H2O2 solution was used, both lamellar and spherical pores were observed. However, when the concentration of H2O2 reached 9% (v/v), only spherical pores were formed in the porous ceramic. The average lamellar spacing and the spherical pore size of the pore ceramic composed of HA decreased with the increase of the cooling speed.
Assessing the Influence of Water Management and Rainfall Seasonality on Water Quality and Intestinal Parasitism in Rural Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Dias Alexandre Pessoa , Calegar Deiviane , Carvalho-Costa Filipe Anibal , Alencar Maria de Fátima Leal , Ignacio Caroline Ferraz , Silva Milena Enderson Chagas da , Moraes Neto Antonio Henrique Almeida de
Published: July 2018

Introduction. The drought in the Brazilian semiarid region has affected the quality of water. This study assessed the relationships between enteric parasitoses, water management, and water quality, correlating them with pluviometric seasonality.Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in four rural communities at the beginning of the dry season (n=151), at the end of the dry season (n=184), and in the rainy season (n=199), in order to collect sociodemographic data, human fecal samples, and samples of the water used for human consumption for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. In 2015, water filters were provided to 30 households under study.Results. There was an increasing trend in detection rates of commensal protozoa and theEntamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba disparcomplex at the beginning of the rainy season, with detection rates of 6% in 2014 and 21.6% in 2016.Giardia intestinalisandAscaris lumbricoidespresented distinct temporal distributions, which peaked in 2015: 20.1% and 30%, respectively. The proportion of inhabitants drinking inadequate water was 55% at the beginning of the dry season and 28.8% at the end of the dry season, reaching 70.9% at the beginning of the rainy season. The presence of filters reduced this proportion among those who received the hollow ceramic candle filter.Conclusions. Data suggest that the strategies to increase water supply in the Brazilian semiarid region can be ameliorated in order to improve the quality of drinking water.
A Cascaded Algorithm for Image Quality Assessment and Image Denoising Based on CNN for Image Security and Authorization
Authors: Li Jianjun , Yu Jie , Xu Lanlan , Xue Xinying , Chang Chin-Chen , Mao Xiaoyang , Hu Junfeng
Published: July 2018

With the rapid development of Internet technology, images on the Internet are used in various aspects of people’s lives. The security and authorization of images are strongly dependent on image quality. Some potential problems have also emerged, among which the quality assessment and denoising of images are particularly evident. This paper proposes a novel NR-IQA method based on the dual convolutional neural network structure, which combines saliency detection with the human visual system (HSV), used as a weighting function to reflect the important distortion caused by the local area. The model is trained using gray and color features in the HSV space. It is applied to the parameter selection of an image denoising algorithm. The experiment proves that our proposed method can accurately evaluate image quality in the process of denoising. It provides great help in parameter optimization iteration and improves the performance of the algorithm. Through experiments, we obtain both improved image quality and a reasonable result of subject assessment when the cascaded algorithm is applied in image security and authorization.
A Novel Approach Based on Kano Model, Interval 2-Tuple Linguistic Representation Model, and Prospect Theory for Apperceiving Key Customer Requirements
Authors: Liu Aijun , Zhu Qiuyun , Liu Haiyang , Lu Hui , Tsai Sang-Bing
Published: July 2018

The precisely perception of key customer requirements (CRs) is critically important for customer collaborative product innovation (CCPI) design. A novel approach is proposed based on the Kano model, interval 2-tuple linguistic representation model, and prospect theory. First of all, a Kano model is constructed to preliminarily screen the relatively important product function attributes. For the uncertain and vague information of CRs, an interval 2-tuple linguistic representation model is proposed to determine the weight of CRs. Then, the comprehensive prospects value is utilized for sorting the innovative programs based on the prospect theory. Finally, a numerical example is given to verify the scientific and validity of the proposed method.
Age-Related Changes of Elastic Fibers in Shoulder Capsule of Patients with Glenohumeral Instability: A Pilot Study
Authors: Castagna A. , Cesari E. , Gigante A. , Di Matteo B. , Garofalo R. , Porcellini G.
Published: July 2018

Background. Recurrent shoulder dislocations occur much more frequently in adolescents than in the older population but a clear explanation of this incidence does not exist. The aim of the present study was to define the age-related distribution of the elastic fibers (EFs) in the shoulder capsule’s extracellular matrix as a factor influencing shoulder instability. Materials and Methods. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the shoulder capsule of patients divided preoperatively into three groups: Group 1 consisted of 10 male patients undergoing surgery for unidirectional traumatic anterior instability (TUBS); Group 2 consisted of 10 male patients undergoing surgery for multidirectional instability (MDI); Group 3 represents the control, including 10 patients with no history of instability. In addition to the group as a whole, specific subgroups were analyzed separately on the basis of the age of subjects: > 22 or < to 22 years. All the samples were analyzed by histochemical (Weigert’s resorcinol fuchsin and Verhoeff’s iron hematoxylin), immunohistochemical (monoclonal antielastin antibody), and histomorphometric methods. Results. Both the elastin density and the percentage of area covered by EFs were significantly higher in younger subjects (<22 years old). Furthermore, the elastin density and the percentage of area covered by EFs were significantly higher in specimens of group of patients affected by multidirectional shoulder instability in comparison to the other two groups. Conclusion. Data of the present study confirmed the presence of an age-related distribution of EFs in the human shoulder capsule. The greater amount of EFs observed in younger subjects and in unstable shoulders could play an important role in predisposing the joint to first dislocation and recurrence.
Multiple-Try Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Global Optimization
Authors: Shao Wei , Guo Guangbao
Published: July 2018

Simulated annealing is a widely used algorithm for the computation of global optimization problems in computational chemistry and industrial engineering. However, global optimum values cannot always be reached by simulated annealing without a logarithmic cooling schedule. In this study, we propose a new stochastic optimization algorithm, i.e., simulated annealing based on the multiple-try Metropolis method, which combines simulated annealing and the multiple-try Metropolis algorithm. The proposed algorithm functions with a rapidly decreasing schedule, while guaranteeing global optimum values. Simulated and real data experiments including a mixture normal model and nonlinear Bayesian model indicate that the proposed algorithm can significantly outperform other approximated algorithms, including simulated annealing and the quasi-Newton method.
Motorcyclist Is the Right-of-Way Violator: A Population-Based Study of Motorcycle Right-of-Way Crash in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Ping-Ling , Chen Yi-Chu , Pai Chih-Wei
Published: July 2018

The most typical and catastrophic car-motorcycle crash occurs when a car manoeuvres into the path of an approaching motorcycle at an intersection, which involves a car driver violating motorcycle’s right of way (ROW). In Taiwan, however, motorcyclists are frequently the ROW violator—they are observed to frequently infringe upon the ROW of oncoming vehicles at intersections. Such a ROW crash in which a left-turn motorcyclist crosses in front of approaching traffic appears to be a safety problem in terms of its frequency and accident consequence. Using the National Taiwan Crash Database, the present study estimates a logistic regression model to predict the likelihood of an approach-turn motorcycle-turning crash (relative to a car-turning crash). Results indicate that given a ROW crash where the rider was female, old, drunk, unlicensed, riding a moped, and on a NBU roadway, the likelihood of a motorcycle-turning crash tends to increase. Our study contributes to the existing motorcycle safety research by reporting the determinants of the unique crashes in which the motorcyclist is the ROW violator.
Model Test Research on Bearing Mechanism of Underreamed Ground Anchor in Sand
Authors: Guo Gang , Liu Zhong , Tang Aiping , Deng Yibing , Zhang Jiqiang
Published: July 2018

To improve the capacity of ground anchors, scholars and engineers worldwide have developed various types of underreamed anchors with expanded anchor parts. Underreamed anchors have a completely different mechanism from traditional shaft anchors. The expanded section of an underreamed anchor induces an end bearing force to endure the uplift force similar to a reversed pile. Therefore, the total resistance of an underreamed anchor includes friction and end bearing force. To clarify the bearing mechanism of underreamed anchors, a series of model tests were performed using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors and the photogrammetry measuring method. Based on the tests, the distribution and development of the friction and end bearing force of the underreamed anchor model were acquired by the FBG sensors when being pulled out. Moreover, the deformation state of the soil around the anchor model was observed by the digital photogrammetry measuring method. Finally, the interaction mechanism between an underreamed anchor and surrounding sand was obtained, which was identified as the inherent reason for the distribution and development law of the resistance of the underreamed anchor in sand.
CRISPR–Cas13 Precision Transcriptome Engineering in Cancer
Authors: Granados-Riveron Javier T. , Aquino-Jarquin Guillermo
Published: July 2018

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated genes (Cas) system has been rapidly harnessed to perform various genomic engineering tasks. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a novel RNA-targeting CRISPR effector protein, called Cas13, binds and cleaves RNA rather than DNA substrates analogously to the eukaryotic RNA interference system. The known Cas13a–Cas13d effectors are able to efficiently cleave complementary target single-stranded RNAs, which represent a potentially safer alternative to deoxyribonuclease Cas9, because it induces loss-of-function phenotypes without genomic loss of the targeted gene. Furthermore, through the improvement in Cas13 effector functionalities, a system called REPAIR has been developed to edit full-length transcripts containing pathogenic mutations, thus providing a promising opportunity for precise base editing. Moreover, advanced engineering of this CRISPR effector also permits nucleic acid detection, allowing the identification of mutations in cell-free tumor DNA through a platform termed Specific High Sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter Unlocking. All of these properties give us a glimpse about the potential of the CRISPR toolkit for precise transcriptome engineering, possibly leading to an expansion of CRISPR technologies for cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Here, we examine previously unaddressed aspects of the CRISPR-based RNA-targeting approach as a feasible strategy for globally interrogating gene function in cancer in a programmable manner. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4107–13. ©2018 AACR.
A Novel, Fully Human Anti–fucosyl-GM1 Antibody Demonstrates Potent In Vitro and In Vivo Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Models of Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ponath Paul , Menezes Daniel , Pan Chin , Chen Bing , Oyasu Miho , Strachan Debbie , LeBlanc Heidi , Sun Huadong , Wang Xi-Tao , Rangan Vangipuram S. , Deshpande Shrikant , Cristea Sandra , Park Kwon-Sik , Sage Julien , Cardarelli Pina M.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: The ganglioside fucosyl-GM1 (FucGM1) is a tumor-associated antigen expressed in a large percentage of human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors, but absent in most normal adult tissues, making it a promising target in immuno-oncology. This study was undertaken to evaluate the preclinical efficacy of BMS-986012, a novel, nonfucosylated, fully human IgG1 antibody that binds specifically to FucGM1.

Experimental Design: The antitumor activity of BMS-986012 was evaluated in in vitro assays using SCLC cells and in mouse xenograft and syngeneic tumor models, with and without chemotherapeutic agents and checkpoint inhibitors.

Results: BMS-986012 showed a high binding affinity for FcγRIIIa (CD16), which resulted in enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against FucGM1-expressing tumor cell lines. BMS-986012–mediated tumor cell killing was also observed in complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) assays. In several mouse SCLC models, BMS-986012 demonstrated efficacy and was well tolerated. In the DMS79 xenograft model, tumor regression was achieved with BMS-986012 doses of 0.3 mg/kg and greater; antitumor activity was enhanced when BMS-986012 was combined with standard-of-care cisplatin or etoposide. In a syngeneic model, tumors derived from a genetically engineered model of SCLC were treated with BMS-986012 or anti-FucGM1 with a mouse IgG2a Fc and their responses evaluated; when BMS-986012 was combined with anti–PD-1 or anti-CD137 antibody, therapeutic responses significantly improved.

Conclusions: Single-agent BMS-986012 demonstrated robust antitumor activity, with the addition of chemotherapeutic or immunomodulatory agents further inhibiting SCLC growth in the same models. These preclinical data supported evaluation of BMS-986012 in a phase I clinical trial of patients with relapsed, refractory SCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5178–89. ©2018 AACR.