bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of work postures and ergonomic interventions at the Pvc Pipe Fittings Manufacturing Company
Authors: Asgari Mahsa , Halvani Gholamhosein , Zarinkafsh Majid
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders are prevalent in work environments. Performing programs to identify and control the risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders and to carry out corrective actions to improve working conditions is important because of the impact on the health of the workforce.Methods: In this study, the presence of various shifts in the operating rooms and the training and justification of the employees of this department regarding its study and its objectives, the steps of the work of the operating room staff in various occupations were observed and existing documents and guidelines were reviewed. The main steps, including hierarchical analyzes of businesses, identifying errors in terms of each task and sub task, completing other parts of the work sheet, and determining the probability of human error and providing the prioritized control strategies in the next steps, was carried out.
Results: Based on the results of Nordic questionnaire, age, work experience and higher weight were associated with musculoskeletal pain in most of the organs. Also taller was associated with back and waist pain and older age with pain and discomfort in the palms, knees and ankles (p <0.05). Based on the results of posture assessment, RULA 2 has a risk level of 4, 2 tasks Risk level 3 and 2 were risk level 2, which after the implementation of the interventions, a number of risk levels were eliminated in general and a number decreased.
Conclusion: Despite the high risk of musculoskeletal disorders in this industry, ergonomic interventions reduced risk to the desired level.
Recién nacido sano después de diagnóstico genético preimplantatorio en una madre con síndrome de Turner mosaico. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Osorio-Ramírez Walter , Giraldo-Moreno Juan Luis , Gómez-Cortés Diana Patricia , Olive David , Cano-Franco John Fidel , Tamayo-Hussein Sergio
Published: April 2020

Objetivos: reportar el caso de una paciente con síndrome de Turner en mosaico, a quien se le realizó un tratamiento de reproducción asistida con análisis genético preimplantatorio para aneuploidias, logrando el nacimiento de una niña sana con cariotipo normal, y realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la utilidad del diagnóstico genético preimplantatorio en las mujeres con síndrome de Turner. Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una mujer de 27 años, con diagnóstico de síndrome de Turner en mosaico y con alteración secundaria en la reserva ovárica, atendida en centro de referencia para el manejo de infertilidad en Medellín, Colombia, a quien se le realizó un tratamiento de fertilización in vitro con análisis genético preimplantatorio para prevenir la transmisión del síndrome de Turner a su descendencia. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, Clinical Key, OVID, Embase, Lilacs, SciELO y Oxford Journals, con los siguientes términos: “Turner Syndrome”, “Mosaic Turner”, “Preimplantation Genetic Screening”, “Preimplantation Genetic Testing”, “Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis”, “Pregnancy”, “Successful pregnancy”. Como criterios de inclusión se consideraron artículos tipo series y reportes de casos, cohortes y artículos de revisión desde enero de 1980 hasta junio de 2017, que incluyeran mujeres con síndrome de Turner embarazadas por medio de técnicas de fertilización in vitro, con sus propios óvulos, y que hubiesen sido sometidas a biopsia embrionaria para diagnóstico genético preimplantatorio. La búsqueda se limitó a los idiomas español e inglés. Resultados: un estudio cumplió con los criterios de inclusión. Tanto en este reporte como en nuestro caso, las pacientes con síndrome de Turner en mosaico se sometieron a varios ciclos de inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI) con sus propios óvulos, luego se realizó biopsia embrionaria para análisis genético preimplantatorio utilizando diferentes técnicas. En ambos casos se logró la transferencia al útero de embriones euploides con el posterior nacimiento de niñas sanas con cariotipo normal. Conclusión: Las pacientes con ST mosaico podrían beneficiarse de la biopsia embrionaria y análisis genético preimplantatorio para prevenir la transmisión del defecto genético a su descendencia.
Space Vector Modulation Techniques for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction in Three-Phase Transformerless Split-Source Inverters
Authors: Chaves Diego Brum , Grigoletto Felipe Bovolini
Published: April 2020

Photovoltaic (PV) systems with low input voltage usually employ an input boost converter and an output inverter. Regarding to this issue, the split-source inverter (SSI) provides a single power conversion stage which aggregates boost capability with low switch count. On the other hand, conventional modulation strategies applied to the grid-connected SSI can result in large high-frequency common-mode voltage (CMV). Depending on the parasitic path, the CMV synthesized by the inverter can give rise to large leakage current which must be limited for security reasons. This paper proposes two space vector modulation (SVM) strategies to provide the reduction of high-frequency CMV in transformerles SSI. The first strategy is based on the selection of specific voltage vectors whereas the second strategy employs virtual vectors which correspond to the combination of existing voltage vectors. Furthermore, it is performed an analysis in terms of CMV, leakage current, total harmonic distortion of line-to-line voltages and the maximum achievable modulation index. In addition, a comparison with existing techniques is presented to demonstrate the features of the proposed strategies. Finally, simulations and hardware-in-the-loop results demonstrate the benefits of the proposed techniques.
National Referendums in Hungary and Albania: A Comparative Perspective
Authors: Pomarański Marcin
Published: April 2020

The article is the result of research Project No. 2014/15/B/HS5/01866 founded by the National Science Centre.
BACTERIA SURVIVAL STRATEGIES IN CONTACT WITH ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Chebotar I. V. , Bocharova Yu. A. , Gur’ev A. S. , Mayansky N. A.
Published: April 2020

Bacteria survival in the conditions of antimicrobial therapy is the global problem of health care. This review highlights the complexity and diversity of mechanisms used by bacteria to neutralize antibiotics. To analyze the problem, the search was made using PubMed database, Russian scientific electronic library eLIBRARY, search system of World Health Organization and European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID). Based on the analysis of survival strategies in the conditions of antibiotics action we propose new classification of resistant bacteria. Classification criteria include the ability to divide under antibiotics action, the survival strategies application as a species trait, the presence of specialized genes determining the transition to the state with reduced/stopped metabolism. Two main groups are resistant bacteria and bacteria with reduced/stopped metabolism, which survive but do not divide in the presence of antibiotic. The first group includes two subgroups: bacteria with intrinsic and adaptive resistance. The second group includes (1) bacteria with specialized genes responsible for cell transformation to the state with reduced/stopped metabolism, (2) bacteria transforming to the state with reduced/stopped metabolism without involvement of special genes, and (3) cell forms with special morphology - spores, cysts and cyst-like cells. We described the usefulness of proposed classification including improved understanding of the correlation between bacteria survival in the presence of antibiotics and molecular mechanism of cell metabolism inhibition, presence or absence of targets for using molecular-genetic methods of bacteria resistant variant determination, the possibility for development of rational antimicrobial therapy methods.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSTICS OF GASTRIC CANCER AND PRECANCEROUS CHANGES OF THE GASTRIC MUCOSA USING ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSION OF SIX MICRORNAS
Authors: Titov S. E. , Anishchenko V. V. , Poloz T. L. , Veryaskina Yu. A. , Arkhipova A. A. , Ustinov S. N.
Published: April 2020

The lack of specific symptoms for the early detection of gastric cancer leads to the fact that it is often diagnosed at a late stage, when the prognosis is unfavorable. The analysis of molecular markers in addition to standard diagnostic procedures is a promising approach for improving the preoperative diagnosis of both gastric cancer and precancerous changes in the mucosa. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the diagnostic significance of using miRNA expression to diagnosis gastric cancer and precancerous conditions (dysplasia) in histological material. In this work, 122 samples of archival histological material in the form of paraffin blocks were used: 34 samples of gastric adenocarcinoma, 54 samples of gastric ulcers with dysplasia and 34 samples of normal gastric mucosa obtained from patients after bariatric surgery. The expression level of miRNA-145-5p, -150-5p, -20a-5p, -21-5p, -31-5p, -34a-5p, -375 was determined using real-time RT-PCR. Samples were stratified into different groups using the C-RT decision tree algorithm. All miRNAs, except miRNA-20a, were included in the decision tree, which allows stratification of samples for normal mucosa, dysplasia, and gastric cancer. Normal mucosa can be distinguished from gastric cancer only by miRNA-34a, -21, -375. Diagnostic characteristics for the detection of dysplasia: specificity - 97%, sensitivity - 87%; for the detection of gastric cancer: specificity - 91%, sensitivity - 93%. The sufficiently high values of the diagnostic characteristics for detecting dysplasia of the gastric mucosa and gastric cancer obtained in our study indicate the possibility of using expression data of a small amount of miRNAs for the effective separation of samples with tumor and precancerous changes in the stomach tissue.
INFLUENCE OF THE BLOOD GAS COMPOSITION AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION PARAMETERS OF THE MEDICAL EVACUATION PROGNOSIS OF CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS
Authors: Minin A. S. , Shen N. P. , Panov I. D. , Bem S. A.
Published: April 2020

The clinical estimation of the state of patient is one of the basic components of the checking of the state of patient, but more precise and more objective indices today become necessary. The arterial blood gases analysis helps to select the optimum regime of mechanical ventilation. The medical evacuation of the critically ill patients frequently requires the correction of the parameters of respiratory support. The conducted investigations showed that the prognostics of unfavorable outcome within the first three days from the moment of the medical evacuation are hypercapnia, which exists during the process of evacuation in spite of the correction of the parameters of mechanical ventilation, reduction in the saturation of the arterial blood. The forecast of the medical evacuation is located as well in the direct correlation with the manifestation of acidosis, and at the moment of the completion of the transfer of the patient the greatest prognostic significance they possess the low level of the partial tension of oxygen in the artery. The application of a portable express-analyzer of blood gases permits implementation of correction parameters of respiratory support and to increase quality and safety of the medical evacuation of patients.
Implementasi Algoritma RVO sebagai Sistem Kendali Gerombolan NPC pada Permainan Action RPG
Authors: Fadila Juniardi Nur , Arif Yunifa Miftachul
Published: April 2020

Abstract— The development of the gaming industry has entered a new phase, the game that was previously used as a means of entertainment, is now widely used as a simulation of a condition in the industry and research. more natural. Especially for a crowd management, much modeling is needed so that the crowd agent can move flexibly without reducing the essence of the crowd's natural movement. In this case, the crowd management case will try to be solved using the RVO algorithm, which with the algorithm, the researcher wants to provide a group of NPCs that can move without colliding with collition obect or other NPCs.
Who Uses Mobile Payments: Fintech Potential in Users and Non-Users
Authors: Li Bin , Hanna Sherman D. , Kim Kyoung Tae
Published: April 2020

This study used data from the 2015 National Financial Capability Study to analyze the adoption of mobile payments by U.S. households. While 24% of respondents used mobile payments, the mean rate for those under age 25 was 11 times the rate for those 65 and older. State rates ranged from about 9% in Montana to 34% in Washington, DC. Based on a logistic regression, age and an objective financial knowledge score were negatively while risk tolerance and a subjective financial knowledge score were positively related to mobile payment use. The results have implications for marketing of Fintech applications for personal finance, especially in terms of the extremely low mobile payment use by older consumers.
Déterminants de la gouvernance forestière dans les forêts communautaires de l’Est-Cameroun
Authors: Fapa Nanfack Rodrigue , Gélinas Nancy , Bobo Kadiri Serge , Asselin Hugo , Hiol Hiol François , Atole Ntatsoula Carine
Published: April 2020

Au Cameroun, les communautés locales font face à des défis de gouvernance forestière et de propriété des forêts communautaires. Les déterminants du succès de la gouvernance forestière ont été étudiés dans douze forêts communautaires (FC) de l’Est-Cameroun. Des groupes de discussion et des entrevues individuelles ont permis de réaliser la cartographie des acteurs d’appui, de documenter la perception de la gouvernance des forêts communautaires et d’en identifier les déterminants, pour ensuite proposer une échelle de gouvernance des forêts communautaires. Les résultats montrent que les acteurs d’appui influencent grandement la création des forêts communautaires. L’exception de la FC A3 montre qu’une communauté peut créer une forêt communautaire sous la seule impulsion du chef traditionnel, sans soutien extérieur. La perception de la gouvernance forestière par les communautés était positive lorsque l’appui à la création de la forêt communautaire provenait d’acteurs tournés vers la communauté (organisations non gouvernementales, administration des forêts et Église) et négative lorsque l’appui provenait d’acteurs tournés vers la ressource ligneuse (élites et opérateurs forestiers privés). Le diagramme des déterminants relationnels entre communautés et acteurs d’appui, basé sur la cohésion entre les principes de gouvernance (participation, transparence, légitimité, équité, intégration, imputabilité, capacité et adaptabilité), met en évidence les actions correctives possibles pour mieux tenir compte des besoins des communautés afin d’atteindre la dévolution sur l’échelle de la gouvernance.
Adaptations for teaching social work with groups in the age of technology
Authors: Muskat Barbara , Mesbur Ellen Sue
Published: April 2020

This practice-based paper will describe experiences teaching social work with groups using technological enhancements. Examples from undergraduate social work education will be used to describe approaches employed in two courses in social groupwork; one which is conducted fully online and the second which employs a multi-modal format, conducted primarily online but with a required in-class component. Recommendations for teaching groupwork practice using online technology will be presented.
Teaching groupwork at a distance using an asynchronous online role-play
Authors: Levine Joanne
Published: April 2020

Given the proliferation of online groups and growth in distance learning, there is a pressing need to develop best practices for teaching group work online. The following paper explores the implementation of an asynchronous role-play exercise conducted in online undergraduate classes about group work. The overall purposes were to help students learn about group stages and dynamics through participating in an experiential exercise and further develop their knowledge about online groups. Thematic analyses of students’ reflections on their online role-play experience are discussed, considerations regarding the complex role of the instructor are explored, educational benefits and related challenges are analyzed, and guidelines are presented to facilitate best practices when implementing an online role-play exercise.
A serial focus group model for understanding experiences of older adult volunteers and non-profit agency managers
Authors: Bronstein Laura R. , Mason Susan E.
Published: April 2020

Serial focus group data shed light on the experiences of senior volunteers and nonprofit agency professional staff with the aim of maximizing the volunteer experience and contribution. Data were analyzed using a serial focus group approach to suggest pathways towards increasing mutual benefits. Themes from both volunteers and non-profit professionals included the need for better utilization of volunteers, the importance of communication and the advantage of defining roles at the beginning of the volunteer experience. Data from the groups also highlighted the need for planning on the part of the nonprofit staff and flexibility from the volunteers. Discussion and implications follow the report on the data.
Groupwork Training for social justice
Authors: Woodger David , Anastacio Jean
Published: April 2020

This paper examines and analyses experiential groupwork in delivering community and youth work training at Goldsmiths, University of London. The programme has, over its forty year history refined a model of education and training that combines large groupwork and experiential learning. The paper explores our experience of groupwork training. The model developed combines groupwork as a tool for learning and teaching. It is in this arena that students explore and critically reflect on their life and work experiences, and learn to process and articulate their feelings and understandings across a wide range of issues, including democratic social change, equality, identity, empowerment and leadership which all comes from learning how to inwardly reflect and change and develop an awareness of themselves. The paper in particular focuses on the development of students’ identity from which they draw out their learning on equality and sets out that this is central to training for achieving equality and social change.
Groupwork course experiences
Authors: Keim Jeanmarie , Goodrich Kristopher M. , Ishii Harue , Olguin David
Published: April 2020

Numerous concerns exist in the groupwork and counseling literatures regarding the requirement that students participate in experiential counseling groups as part of their academic coursework. This research examined the use of service learning task groups as an alternate way to address this required component of group counseling coursework to address multiple relationship concerns between faculty and students. Results indicated that while many group counseling skills were demonstrated in the task group, not all skills manifested. Group skills that were more ‘safe’ in terms of counselor risk were demonstrated more often. Less ‘safe’ or risky group skills for the counselor, such as providing feedback to a group member, were demonstrated less frequently. The authors offer implications for research and practice.
People with Asperger’s syndrome lead the way in how to work in a group
Authors: Martin Jackie , Fox Katrina , MacGregor Duncan , Hickman Laura
Published: April 2020

Summary: This article is written about and by a group of three adults diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome and one neuro-typical person (neuro-typical refers to someone who does not have Asperger’s syndrome or autism). The group has called itself the Asperger’s Consultation Group and was formed in 2010 with the aim of conducting a piece of research to identify how adults with Asperger’s syndrome felt about the services they received. The group was initially formed as part of a PhD project. The group has now expanded beyond this and continues to meet. The group members are Katrina, Laura, Duncan and Jackie. Katrina, Laura and Duncan have been formally diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome.
Um possível diálogo entre a Escola dos Annales & a análise de conteúdo em pesquisas históricas
Authors: Silva Fabrícia Carla de Albuquerque , Diógenes Elione Maria Nogueira , Ferreira Deyvid Braga
Published: April 2020

O questionamento que norteia este estudo pode ser assim delineado: Como dialogam Escola dos Annales e a Análise de Conteúdo em pesquisas de caráter histórico? A partir dessa questão, a estrutura narrativa traz aproximações epistemológicas entre ambas as escolhas metodológicas e tece problematizações relativas às desconfianças e resistências no entorno das mesmas. Foram consultados estudiosos que tratam da Interdisciplinaridade, Pesquisa em Educação, Análise de Conteúdo, Método e Teorias Históricas. A discussão compreendeu: O lugar da pesquisa histórica/historiográfica; Escola dos Annales e Análise de Conteúdo nas pesquisas qualitativas e a busca do implícito nas fontes.  Por fim, o estudo sublinhou possibilidades de diálogo entre Escola dos Annales e Análise de Conteúdo.
From Acceptance to “Othering”: An Analysis of Swedish Changing Identity towards the Refugees and Muslim Minority Groups
Authors: Dharmaputra Radityo , Felayati Reza Akbar , Suhito Yohanes Putra
Published: April 2020

By using the case study of Sweden and the momentum of the refugee crisis in Europe, this research attempts to analyse the extent to which the shifting practice of Swedish policy towards the refugees (as signified by the new 2016 law prohibiting/restricting the entrance of refugees) might prompt some forms of core identity changes related to immigrant and minority groups. Using the poststructuralism as the central perspective on identity, we argue that the flow of refugee during the crisis in 2015-2016 could be classified as an external shock which then compelled a changing practice of Swedish refugee policy. We then try to show the relationship between changing practice and changing identity discourse by tracing the dynamics of the attitude and perception from both the Swedish government and society regarding the refugees and the Muslim minority groups in Sweden. By analysing the main texts in Swedish identity discourses and the media/public discourses, we found that the changing policy reconstitutes (albeit slowly) the identity of Sweden in “othering” the refugees and Muslim minority groups. This kind of “Self/Other” relationship was different from the condition before and during the early days of the refugee crisis.Keywords: the European refugee crisis, Sweden, Muslim Minority Groups, Post-Structuralism, Changing Practices/Discourses. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus Swedia dan momentum krisis pengungsi di Eropa, penelitian ini berupaya menganalisis sejauh mana praktik pergeseran kebijakan Swedia terhadap para pengungsi (sebagaimana ditandai oleh undang-undang baru tahun 2016 yang melarang atau membatasi pintu masuk bagi pengungsi) mungkin mendorong beberapa bentuk perubahan identitas inti yang terkait dengan kelompok imigran dan minoritas. Dengan menggunakan poststrukturalisme sebagai perspektif utama tentang identitas, penulis berpendapat bahwa masuknya pengungsi selama krisis pada tahun 2015-2016 dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai guncangan eksternal yang kemudian mendorong perubahan kebijakan kebijakan pengungsi Swedia. Kami kemudian mencoba menunjukkan hubungan antara praktik yang berubah dan perubahan diskursus identitas dengan menelusuri dinamika tingkah laku dan persepsi dari pemerintah Swedia dan masyarakat terhadap pengungsi dan kelompok minoritas Muslim di Swedia. Dengan menganalisis teks-teks utama dalam diskursus identitas Swedia dan diskursus media atau publik, penulis menemukan bahwa kebijakan yang berubah merekonstruksi (walaupun perlahan-lahan) identitas Swedia dalam "othering" para pengungsi dan kelompok minoritas Muslim. Hubungan “self/other” semacam ini berbeda dengan kondisi sebelum dan selama masa-masa awal krisis pengungsi. Kata-kata kunci: Krisis pengungsi Eropa, Swedia, Kelompok Minoritas Muslim, Post-structuralism, perubahan praktik/diskursus.
Exploring human behavior with Grand Theft Auto V: A study of assisted cognition in wayfinding
Authors: Delgrange Romain , Burkhardt Jean-Marie , Gyselinck Valérie
Published: April 2020

The rise of virtual reality has overcome many of the methodological challenges faced by researchers studying spatial navigation. Yet, the difficulty in developing life-like virtual settings still remains a substantial barrier to most studies when fidelity to the real world has to be achieved in order to ensure some psychological validity of the results. Moreover, the variety of the settings results in standardization issues across studies. Our argument is that widely available video games could represent a worthwhile alternative to laboratory-made virtual environments, while providing a satisfactory methodological quality. This study assessed a prototype of landmark-based navigational aid by administering wayfinding tasks in the video game Grand Theft Auto V. Our results provide evidence that this video game offers a transparent and adaptable way to investigate cognitive processes with high experimental control and psychological validity. Recommendations towards the use of video game-based methodologies for future research are discussed.
Impacts et services environnementaux de l’élevage en régions chaudes
Authors: BLANFORT V. , DOREAU M. , HUGUENIN J. , LAZARD J. , PORPHYRE V. , SOUSSANA J.F. , TOUTAIN B.
Published: April 2020

Les interactions entre l’élevage et l’environnement sont l’objet d’un débat médiatique, sociétal et scientifique depuis les années 70. Ce débat, focalisé sur les impacts négatifs de l’élevage sur l’environnement et jusqu’ici limité aux pays développés, concerne dorénavant les pays émergents et en développement où se fera l’essentiel de l’accroissement de la production animale. Toutefois, il est désormais admis que l’élevage peut aussi produire des services écosystémiques en plus de sa fonction productive. Cette synthèse propose un bilan des impacts et des services environnementaux liés aux productions animales dans les pays du Sud et trace des pistes d’amélioration pour les élevages de ruminants, les porcs et volailles ainsi que l’aquaculture. Les changements historiques d’utilisation des terres et de certains habitats aquatiques en cours dans le monde tropical nécessitent une réflexion pour des systèmes de production plus durables. Les émissions de gaz à effet de serre concernent en grande partie les zones tropicales où les systèmes à faible productivité sont forts émetteurs par kg de lait ou de viande produite. Elles sont compensées en partie par un stockage de carbone dans les pâturages, mais les références en zone tropicale restent à préciser. L’augmentation rapide des productions animales au cours des dernières décennies est essentiellement issue de l’industrialisation de l’élevage dans de nombreux pays du Sud où les questions sur la pollution des sols, des eaux, de l’air et le traitement des effluents deviennent incontournables. Les systèmes extensifs moins productifs mais moins polluants conduisent aussi à des services environnementaux. L’élevage est fort consommateur d’eau, mais principalement d’eau «verte» liée à la production végétale. La consommation de ressources fossiles (énergie, phosphates...) s’avère fortement dépendante de l’intensification des systèmes d’élevage. Le risque d’érosion de la biodiversité animale et végétale est une menace avérée, en lien avec la déforestation et les pratiques d’élevage. Dans une discussion globale, les principaux systèmes d’élevage des pays du Sud sont évalués à l’aune de leurs performances environnementales. Des perspectives d’évolution vers des systèmes de production à plus faible impacts et intégrant des services écologiques existent notamment par la mise en place de mécanismes financiers incitatifs. Mais les priorités de lutte contre la faim et la pauvreté constituent des obstacles de taille dans de nombreux pays du sud. Elles conditionnent l’amélioration des performances environnementales à la mise en place de systèmes d’élevage assurant la réponse aux besoins alimentaires des populations et la durabilité économique et sociale indispensable aux sociétés en développement.
Conception et évaluation de systèmes d’élevage durables en régions chaudes
Authors: DEDIEU B. , AUBIN J. , DUTEURTRE G. , ALEXANDRE G. , VAYSSIERES J. , BOMMEL P. , FAYE B. , MAHIEU M. , FANCHONE A. , TOURRAND J.F. , ICKOWICZ A.
Published: April 2020

Les démarches de conception et d’évaluation de systèmes d’élevage innovants en régions chaudes doivent prendre en compte les spécificités de ces systèmes. Outre les caractéristiques des milieux, ces spécificités tiennent à l’importance des fonctions non productives des troupeaux et à la complexité des modes de gestion de l’accès aux ressources (mobilité notamment). Nous discutons les démarches de conception en utilisant les notions de cristallisation, de plasticité et de développement des systèmes innovants et présentons les bases de l’évaluation (environnementale, filière, technico-économique) et ses fonctions dans le processus de conception. Nous illustrons la conception réglée ou innovante appuyée sur de la modélisation à l’aide d’exemples aux Antilles (élevage caprin, polyculture-élevage, avec une composante biotechnique forte), à la Réunion (élevage laitier avec une démarche participative de construction du modèle avec les agriculteurs) et en Amazonie (composante décisionnelle incluant les équilibres et interaction entre activités d’élevage et culture - démarche participative avec les acteurs territoriaux). La diversité des cas souligne les enjeux de la conception et de l’évaluation : prise en compte de la diversité des systèmes dans leurs composantes techniques et humaines, participation des acteurs à la démarche, développements biotechniques et clarification des processus décisionnels, réflexion sur des indicateurs adaptés et pertinents pour les éleveurs et les territoires dans lesquels ils s’insèrent.
Sélection génétique et bien-être des poulets de chair et des reproducteurs
Authors: ARNOULD C. , MICHEL V. , LE BIHAN-DUVAL E.
Published: April 2020

En prolongement des conclusions du rapport de la Commission européenne de 2000 sur le bien-être du poulet de chair et dans le cadre de la directive 2007/43/CE, la Commission européenne a confié à l’European Food Safety Authority l’élaboration de deux avis scientifiques. L’un concerne l’impact de la génétique sur le bien-être et la résistance au stress des poulets de chair, l’autre l’impact de la gestion de l’élevage et du logement sur le bien-être des reproducteurs grand-parentaux et parentaux. Cette synthèse s’appuie sur le contenu de ces deux avis publiés en 2010, suite à une expertise scientifique réalisée en 2009/2010. Elle précise tout d’abord en quoi les principaux problèmes de bien-être rencontrés chez les poulets de chair (troubles locomoteurs, dermatites de contact, ascites, syndromes de mort subite, mobilité limitée, confort thermique…) peuvent être affectés par la sélection génétique sur une croissance rapide et un indice de consommation faible. La question des interactions génotype-environnement est également abordée. Sont exposés ensuite les principaux problèmes de bien-être rencontrés chez les reproducteurs en se focalisant sur ceux ayant un lien avec la sélection sur la croissance (restriction alimentaire, agressions entre congénères, mutilations…). Enfin, sont présentés les besoins de recherche qui ont été mis en évidence lors de la rédaction de ces avis et les principales conclusions.
Utilisation des antibiotiques en élevage et enjeux de santé publique
Authors: SANDERS P. , BOUSQUET-MELOU A. , CHAUVIN C. , TOUTAIN P.L.
Published: April 2020

Les antibiotiques, sous forme de médicaments vétérinaires, doivent être utilisés dans le cadre du traitement de maladie animale d’étiologie bactérienne. Leur usage à bon escient est de la responsabilité du vétérinaire qui doit se donner les moyens d’un choix raisonné basé sur ses connaissances épidémiologiques, sur son sens du diagnostic et sur les examens complémentaires notamment bactériologique. Utiliser les antibiotiques conduit à créer une pression de sélection pour des bactéries résistantes pathogènes ou commensales. Des dispositifs de surveillance épidémiologique de la résistance aux antibiotiques et de l’usage des antibiotiques ont été mis en place en France pour évaluer la nature et l’ampleur des usages et les taux de résistance aux principaux antibiotiques. Ces données sont complétées par l’étude des gènes et des mécanismes de résistance, de la pharmacologie des antibiotiques et de la pharmaco- épidémiologie des phénomènes de résistance c’est-à-dire l’étude de la relation entre l’usage des antibiotiques et les mesures préventives associés aux phénomènes d’émergence et de diffusion des gènes de résistance et des bactéries de résistance.
Beclabuvir can Inhibit the RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase of Newly Emerged Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Dutta Kunal , Shityakov Sergey , Morozova Olga , Khalifa Ibrahim , Zhang Jin , Zhu Wei , Panda Amiya , Ghosh Chandradipa
Published: April 2020

Recent emergence of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) all over the world has resulted more than 33,106 global deaths. To date well-established therapeutics modules for infected patients are unknown. In this present initiative, molecular interactions between FDA-approved antiviral drugs against the Hepatitis-C virus (HCV) have been investigated theoretically against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2. HCV and SARS-CoV-2 are both +ssRNA viruses. At 25o C beclabuvir, a non-nucleoside inhibitor of the RdRpHCV can efficiently bind to RdRp SARS-CoV-2 (ΔGAutoDock = -9.95 kcal mol-1) with an inhibition constant of 51.03 nM. Both the ΔGLondon and ΔGGBVI / WSA values were - 9.06 and - 6.67 kcal mol-1, respectively for binding of beclabuvir to RdRpSARS-CoV-2. In addition, beclabuvir has also shown better binding free energy with RdRpSARS-CoV-2 (ΔGvina = -8.0 kcal mol-1) than that observed with the Thumb 1 domain of RdRpHCV (ΔGvina = -7.1 kcal mol-1). InterProScan has suggested the RNA-directed 5'-3' polymerase activity exists within 549th to 776th amino acid residues of RdRpSARS-CoV, where the major amino acid residues interacting being I591, Y621, C624, D625, A690, N693, L760, D762, D763, and E813-N817. Molecular interaction suggests occupancy of beclabuvir inside the active site environment of the RdRpSARS-CoV-2, the enzyme essential for viral RNA synthesis. In conclusion, results suggest beclabuvir may serve as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug.
Preparedness and Response to COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia: Lessons Learned from MERS-CoV
Authors: Algaissi Abdullah , Alharbi Naif , Hassanain Mazen , Hashem Anwar
Published: April 2020

Nearly three months have passed since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the rapidly spreading Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To date, there have been more than 550,000 confirmed cases and more than 25,000 deaths globally caused by COVID-19. Chinese health authorities, where the virus emerged, have taken prompt strict public health measures to control and prevent the spread of the outbreak. In the kingdom of Saudi Arabia, unprecedented precautionary strict measures were applied to slow virus entry and to mitigate the risk of the outbreak. Here, we review the experience learned during the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic in Saudi Arabia, which has been in the country since 2012, and is expected to have helped the country to be well prepared for the current COVID-19 pandemic. We also discuss the country readiness, improvement in research and development, and the unprecedented rapid precautionary measures that have been taken by the Saudi government thus far.
Kinins and Cytokines in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Pathophysiological Approach
Authors: van de Veerdonk Frank , Netea Mihai G. , van Deuren Marcel , van der Meer Jos W.M. , de Mast Quirijn , Bruggemann Roger J. , van der Hoeven Hans
Published: April 2020

Most striking observations in COVID-19 patients are the hints on pulmonary edema (also seen on CT scans as ground glass opacities), dry cough, fluid restrictions to prevent more severe hypoxia, the huge PEEP that is needed while lungs are compliant, and the fact that anti-inflammatory therapies are not powerful enough to counter the severity of the disease. We propose that the severity of the disease and many deaths are due to a local vascular problem due to activation of B1 receptors on endothelial cells in the lungs. SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell via ACE2, a cell membrane bound molecule with enzymatic activity that next to its role in RAS is needed to inactivate des-Arg9 bradykinin, the potent ligand of the bradykinin receptor type 1 (B1). In contrast to bradykinin receptor 2 (B2), the B1 receptor on endothelial cells is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines. Without ACE2 acting as a guardian to inactivate the ligands of B1, the lung environment is prone for local vascular leakage leading to angioedema. Angioedema is likely a feature already early in disease, and might explain the typical CT scans and the feeling of people that they drown. In some patients, this is followed by a clinical worsening of disease around day 9 due to the formation antibodies directed against the spike (S)-antigen of the corona-virus that binds to ACE2 that could contribute to disease by enhancement of local immune cell influx and proinflammatory cytokines leading to damage. In parallel, inflammation induces more B1 expression, and possibly via antibody-dependent enhancement of viral infection leading to continued ACE2 dysfunction in the lung because of persistence of the virus. In this viewpoint we propose that a bradykinin-dependent local lung angioedema via B1 and B2 receptors is an important feature of COVID-19, resulting in a very high number of ICU admissions. We propose that blocking the B1 and B2 receptors might have an ameliorating effect on disease caused by COVID-19. This kinin-dependent pulmonary edema is resistant to corticosteroids or adrenaline and should be targeted as long as the virus is present. In addition, this pathway might indirectly be responsive to anti-inflammatory agents or neutralizing strategies for the anti-S-antibody induced effects, but by itself is likely to be insufficient to reverse all the pulmonary edema. Moreover, we provide a suggestion of how to ventilate in the ICU in the context of this hypothesis.
A Computer Violation of the CHSH
Authors: Geurdes Han
Published: April 2020

If a clear and valid no-go for Einsteinian hidden parameters is real, it must in no way be possible to violate the CHSH with a local hidden variables based computer simulation. In the paper we show that with the use of a modied Glauber-Sudarshan method it is possible to violate the CHSH.The criterion value comes close to the quantum value and is approximately 2.4. The proof (POC) is presented with the use of an R computer program. The important snippets of the code are discussed and the complete code is presented in an appendix.
Maternal Fasting or Fluid Abstention Does Not Significantly Affect the Macronutrient Composition of Human Milk: Clinical and Clinical Research Relevance
Authors: Allegaert Karel , smits anne
Published: April 2020

There are guidelines on lactation following maternal analgo-sedative exposure, but these do not consider the effect of maternal fasting, nor fluid abstention on human milk macronutrient composition. We therefore performed a structured search (PubMed) on ‘human milk composition’ and screened title, abstract and full paper on ‘fasting’ or ‘abstention’ and ‘macronutrient composition’ (lactose, protein, fat, solids, triglycerides, cholesterol). This resulted in 6 papers and one abstract related to religious fasting (n=129 women) and observational studies in lactating women (n=23, healthy volunteers, fasting). These data reflect two different ‘fasting’ patterns: an acute (18-25h) model in 71 (healthy volunteers, Yom Kippur/Ninth of Av) women and a chronic fasting (Ramadan) model in 81 women. Changes were most related to electrolytes and were moderate, with almost no changes in macronutrients during acute fasting. We therefor conclude that neither short term fasting nor fluid abstention (18-25h) affect human milk macronutrient composition, so that women can be reassured when this topic were raised during consulting. Besides the nutritional relevance, this also matters as clinical research samples – especially to estimate analgo-sedative exposure by lactation - are commonly collected after maternal procedural sedation, associated with maternal fasting and physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models assume stable human milk composition.
Further Robust Dissipativity Analysis of Uncertain Stochastic Generalized Neural Networks With Markovian Jump Parameters
Authors: Chanthorn Pharunyou , Rajchakit Grienggrai , Thipcha Jenjira , Emharuethai Chanikan , Sriraman Ramalingam
Published: April 2020

This paper analyzes the robust dissipativity of uncertain stochastic generalized neural networks (USGNNs) with Markovian jumping parameters and time-varying delays. In practical applications most of the systems refer to uncertainties, hence, the norm-bounded parameter uncertainties and stochastic disturbance are considered. Then, by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional (LKF) and by employing integral inequalities LMI-based sufficient conditions of the considered systems are established. Numerical simulations are given to show the merit of the presented results.
Investigating the Effect of Anti Stripping Agents (ASAs) on Fatigue and Rutting Properties of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) Mixtures Modified by Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) and Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
Authors: Ameli Alireza , Maher Javad , Mosavi Amir , Nabipour Narjes , Babagoli Rezvan , Norouzi Navid
Published: April 2020

The current study assessed the influence of Anti Stripping Agents (ASA), Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) and waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) on performance behavior of binder and Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixtures. Through this paper, the 85/100 penetration grade bitumen was utilized as original bitumen. Also, three liquid ASA’s (ASA (A), ASA (B), ASA (C)) were used as a mixture modifier. For this purpose, softening point, penetration, rotational viscosity, Dynamic Shear Rheometer, Multi Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) and Linear Amplitude Sweep (LAS) tests were implemented to investigate the rheological properties of modified bitumen. For evaluating the behavior of modified mixtures several tests such as; Resilient Modulus, Tensile Strength, dynamic creep, wheel track and four-point beam fatigue tests were implemented. Based on MSCR test results, utilization of mentioned polymers enhanced the elasticity of bitumens and therefore the permanent deformation resistance of binders increases. Also by the addition of PET percentage, the rutting resistance improves. Results indicated that utilization of ASAs, PET and Crumb Rubber (CR) enhance the Resilient Modulus (Mr), Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), rutting resistance, fatigue life and Fracture Energy (FE) of asphalt mixtures. Also based on results, modification of binder by PET/CR with a ratio of 50%/50% and ASA (B) have the highest fatigue life which indicates that this mixture has highest resistance against fatigue cracking.
Parvovirus B19 and Human Parvovirus 4 Encode a Homologous "X Protein" in a Reading Frame Overlapping the VP1 Capsid Gene
Authors: Karlin David
Published: April 2020

30 years ago, researchers noticed that the capsid (VP1) gene of B19 parvovirus might encode a second protein, called "X", in an overlapping reading frame. Since then, experimental approaches failed to detect it. In contrast, sequence analyses can reliably predict whether a protein is expressed from an overlapping frame, provided that it is beneficial to the virus and thus under selection pressure. We used a dedicated software, Synplot2, to identify regions of VP1 likely to encode functional proteins in overlapping frames. Synplot2 detected the X open reading frame and confirmed it is under highly significant selection pressure. We discovered that the X protein is homologous to the ARF1 protein of human parvovirus 4, another suspected protein encoded in a frame overlapping VP1. These findings provide compelling evidence that the X protein must be expressed and functional. We predict that it contains a predicted transmembrane region. We found that the X frame contains a potential AUG start codon in parvovirus B19 and in all related species. Yet no currently known viral transcript has the potential to encode the X protein in a monocistronic fashion. Therefore, the X protein is probably expressed either from an unmapped monocistronic mRNA, or translated by a non-canonical mechanism from the VP1 mRNA or from a short transcript, R3, which has no currently known function. Finally, Synplot2 also detected proteins likely to be expressed from a frame overlapping VP1 in species distantly related to parvovirus B19: porcine parvovirus 2 and bovine parvovirus 3.
SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and Advances in Developing Potential Therapeutics and Vaccines to Counter this Emerging Pandemic Virus – A Review
Authors: Rabaan Ali A. , Al-Ahmed Shamsah H. , Sah Ranjit , Tiwari Ruchi , Yatoo Mohd. Iqbal , Patel Shailesh Kumar , Pathak Mamta , Malik Yashpal Singh , Dhama Kuldeep , Singh Karam Pal , Bonilla-Aldana D. Katterine , Haque Shafiul , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: April 2020

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causing an emerging coronavirus disease (COVID-19), first detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China has resulted in an outbreak in China which has taken a catastrophic turn with high toll rates in China and subsequently spreading across the globe. The rapid spread of this virus to more than 175 countries while affecting nearly 500,000 persons and causing more than 22,000 human deaths, it has resulted in a pandemic situation in the world. The SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, like MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, all of which originated in bats. It is highly contagious, causing symptoms like fever, dyspnea, asthenia and pneumonia, thrombocytopenia and the severely infected patients succumb to the disease. Coronaviruses (CoVs) among all known RNA viruses have the largest genomes ranging from 26 to 32 kb in length. Extensive research has been conducted to understand the molecular basis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and evolution, develop effective therapeutics, antiviral drugs and vaccines, and to design rapid and confirmatory viral diagnostics as well as adopt appropriate prevention and control strategies. Till date, no clinically proclaimed, proven therapeutic antibodies or specific drugs and therapeutics, and vaccines have turned up. Several molecular diagnostic tests such as Real Time-PCR, isothermal loop-mediated amplification of coronavirus (i-LACO), full genome analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS), multiplex nucleic acid amplification, and microarray-based assays are in use currently for the laboratory confirmation of this CoV infection. In this review article, we describe the basic molecular organization and phylogenetic analysis of the coronaviruses, including the SARS-CoV-2, and recent advances in diagnosis and vaccine development in brief and focusing mainly on developing potential therapeutic options that can be explored to manage this pandemic virus infection, which would help in valid countering of COVID-19.