bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДО ПИТАННЯ ОБ’ЄКТИВНОСТІ В ОЦІНЦІ ЯКОСТІ ПЕРЕКЛАДУ
Authors: Стежко Юрій
Published: September 2024

Стаття присвячена одній із актуальних тем лінгвістичних досліджень – темі оцінювання якості перекладу. Відзначаються істотні відмінності у вимогах до перекладів різного призначення, зокрема, зіставляються вимоги до якості художнього та інституційного перекладів. Зазначається, що художній переклад є відображенням пануючої культури. Постмодернізм наклав свій відбиток на художній переклад творенням смислу самим читачем. Художній переклад припускає доместикацію, національне самовираження перекладача, що виключає об’єктивність у науковому її сенсі при оцінюванні якості перекладу. Об’єктивність в оцінці художнього перекладу може розглядатися лише у формі статистики суб’єктивних оцінок групою експертів. Інституційний переклад в силу свого призначення істотно відрізняється вимогами від художнього стосовно смислової відповідності оригіналу. У статті відзначаються лексико-стилістичні та семантичні особливості інституційного перекладу на прикладах допустимих форм звернень, позначень вчених звань тощо. Зазначається, що в інституційному перекладі не припускається вираження авторського ідіостилю, ужиток національно обумовлених маркерів емотивного та конотативного забарвлення. Інституційний переклад підпорядковується низці нормативів діючого міжнародного стандарту мови UNE-EN ISO 17100: 2015. Прийнятий за критерій, стандарт дає можливість експертам оцінювати якість перекладу чітко означеним мірилом, а відтак наближатися до певної об’єктивності оцінки, але за рахунок втрати сутнісної риси кожної мови – національного коду. Фах інституційного перекладача передбачає володіння Soft skills, знаннями з відповідної галузі, навичками користувача інформаційними технологіями, знання варіантів та варіацій англійської мови тощо. Відображені у статті положення покликані стати орієнтиром у формуванні відповідних спецкурсів.
ЛІНГВІСТИЧНІ ТА СТИЛІСТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ УСНОГО НАРАТИВНОГО ТЕКСТУ ВІДЕОІГОР
Authors: Шаламай Анастасія
Published: September 2024

В статті наведено результати лінгвостилістичного аналізу внутрішньоігрового тексту, взятого з шести відеоігор різних ігрових та наративних жанрів, та зроблено спробу схарактеризувати стилістичні, граматичні та лексичні особливості усного наративного тексту у порівнянні із письмовим наративним текстом та текстом інтерфейсу. В результаті аналізу було виявлено, що усний сюжетний текст відеоігор тяжіє до розмовного стилю мовлення, та, на відміну від інших видів тексту, в ньому частіше вживаються колоквіалізми, вигуки та слова-філери. Як і письмові тексти наративного характеру, він містить значно більшу кількість форм на позначення минулого та майбутнього часів,  відтоді як у тексті інтерфейсу частіше вживаються форми теперішнього часу та вираження імперативної модальності. Усний сюжетний текст також виділяється широким розповсюдженням віртуалміфоперсонімів та частішим вживанням фразових дієслів, що випереджають їхні однослівні еквіваленти в 3,1-3,7 разів.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕДІАКОНТЕНТУ ТА ІГРОВИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ ДЛЯ ОНЛАЙН-ВИКЛАДАННЯ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ
Authors: Степанов Віталій , Щербак Дарина
Published: September 2024

Стаття розглядає особливості застосування медіаресурсів та ігрових матеріалів як доречного інструментарію в організації онлайн-занять з іноземної мови у період соціально-резонансних подій (пандемія COVID-19 та воєнний стан). Згадуються останні напрацювання українських та вітчизняних науковців в студіях про викладання іноземних мов у дистанційному режимі. Описується роль цифровізації в освітньому секторі з акцентом на особливе значення медіаконтенту та ігор як релевантного доповнення до проведення онлайн-занять. Визначаються переваги та недоліки залучення медіаресурсів та ігрових матеріалів для лінгводидактичних цілей. Фокусується увага на інтерактивності як суттєвого складника в успішній реалізації викладацьких стратегій у разі залучення медіаматеріалів для онлайн-занять. Наводяться найбільш доречні онлайн-платформи з використання медіаконтенту для розробки онлайн-занять (LiveWorksheets, Wordwall, Quizizz, iSLCOLLECTIVE). Окремо пояснюється гейміфікація, тобто поєднання цифрових засобів навчання з ігровими елементами для покращення засвоєння мови. Демонструється потенціал спеціально сконструйованих онлайн-платформ у сфері розробки ігрових вправ для уроку з іноземної мови (Baamboozle, Genial.ly, Kahoot, GimKit Live). Як для інтерактивного медіа-контенту, так і для лінгвістичних ігор автори пропонують конкретний перелік лексичних та граматичних вправ, що можуть стати в нагоді під час онлайн-заняття з іноземної мови. Зазначені в статті платформи та підходи до їх використання у створенні лінгводидактичних вправ можуть залучатися в межах закладів як середньої, так і вищої освіти (незалежно від профільних дисциплін викладання). Розглянуте в статті дослідження є пілотним. Відтак, перспективи подальших досліджень полягають у більш глибокому вивченні потенціалу використання медіаконтенту та гейміфікації на онлайн-заняттях з іноземних мов. Водночас, доречним є пошук нового інструментарію для дистанційної освіти. Зокрема, планується дослідити функціонал корпусних ресурсів у сфері онлайн-викладання іноземної мови.
ЛІНГВОСИНЕРГЕТИКА ЯК НОВІТНЯ ПАРАДИГМА ДИСКУРСИВНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ
Authors: Черниш Анна
Published: September 2024

Ця стаття представляє лінгвосинергетику як нову міждисциплінарну парадигму, що поєднує синергетику та лінгвістику для вивчення динамічних процесів, що лежать в основі мовних систем. Основною метою є обговорення теоретичних основ лінгвосинергетики, дослідження її методологічних підходів та демонстрація її ефективності шляхом емпіричного дослідження. Основні результати підкреслюють, як синергетичні принципи, такі як самоорганізація, емерджентність і нелінійність, розкривають самоорганізаційну природу лінгвістичних явищ, надаючи розуміння функціонування мови. Висновки дослідження підтверджують потенціал лінгвосинергетики запропонувати цілісне розуміння мови як складної адаптивної системи, збагачуючи тим самим поле вивчення дискурсу та відкриваючи нові шляхи для майбутніх досліджень. Інтегруючи синергетичні принципи, лінгвосинергетика пропонує нові погляди на еволюцію, розвиток, зміни та функціонування мови, прогнозуючи значні успіхи в лінгвістичних дослідженнях і застосуваннях. Майбутні дослідження мають бути зосереджені на розвитку передової міждисциплінарної співпраці та емпіричному підтвердженні теоретичних моделей для подальшого покращення нашого розуміння лінгвістичних явищ.
Desigualdad urbana: la segregación residencial en contextos metropolitanos sin ordenación territorial integrada = Urban inequality: Residential segregation in metropolitan contexts without integrated spatial planning
Authors: Gómez Giménez José Manuel
Published: September 2024

ResumenLa urbanización es interpretada como un indicador del progreso. Cuanto más urbanizado es un territorio, más desarrollado y generador de riqueza se le presupone. Sin embargo, aunque es indudable que existe una estrecha interrelación entre los cambios territoriales y los socioeconómicos, sería ilusorio pensar que los actuales procesos de urbanización solo presentan facetas positivas. Las problemáticas de la ciudad también se han expandido con ella, haciéndose cada vez más complejas en sus características y consecuencias. El aumento de la diferenciación social y la desigualdad se reproduce hoy especialmente a través del ‘efecto barrio’. Sus causas son los depurados mecanismos que generan la segregación residencial. En ellos se combinan complejos procesos de diferenciación, expulsión, atracción y homogeneización de los diversos grupos sociales; influenciados tanto por la construcción social del espacio urbano en perspectiva histórica como por la coyuntura político-económica actual. Todo ello ha dado lugar a la formación de complejos patrones de segregación en las áreas metropolitanas, que se suman a los acuciantes retos que enfrentan estos vastos territorios urbanos, administrativamente fragmentados y sin una ordenación territorial ni gobernanza integradas.AbstractUrbanisation is interpreted as an indicator of progress. The more urbanised a territory is, the more developed and wealth-generating it is assumed to be. However, although there is undoubtedly a close interrelationship between territorial and socio-economic changes, it would be illusory to think that current urbanisation processes only have positive facets. The problems of the city have also expanded with it, becoming increasingly complex in their characteristics and consequences. The increase in social differentiation and inequality is reproduced today especially through the 'neighbourhood effect'. Its causes are the refined mechanisms that generate residential segregation. They combine complex processes of differentiation, expulsion, attraction, and homogenisation of different social groups, influenced both by the social construction of urban space in historical perspective and by the current political and economic situation. All this has led to the formation of complex patterns of segregation in metropolitan areas, which add to the pressing challenges facing these vast urban territories, which are administratively fragmented and lack integrated planning and governance.
New Look on Nuclear Diffraction Scattering Mechanism. A Leading Role of Micro-Gravitational Waves.
Authors: Wojciechowski Henryk
Published: September 2024

Any material object vibrating or rotating excites in spacetime around gravitational waves. Atomic nucleus being highly dynamical object also excites continuously micro gravitational waves which might form around the nucleus specific structure resembling optical diffraction grating and which gives huge effect to nuclear elastic scattering cross sections. The close similarity between the nuclear diffractive scattering and the optical Debye-Sears Effect is shown.
Magnetostrophic Flow and Electromagnetic Columns in Magneto-Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Vadasz Peter
Published: September 2024

An analogy between magneto-fluid dynamics (MFD/MHD) and geostrophic flow in a rotating frame of reference including the existence of electromagnetic columns identical to Taylor-Proudman columns is identified and demonstrated theoretically. The latter occurs in the limit of large values of a dimensionless group representing the magnetic field number. Such conditions are shown to be easily satisfied in reality. Consequently, the electromagnetic fluid flow subject to these conditions is two dimensional and the streamlines are being shown to be identical to the pressure lines in complete analogy to rotating geostrophic flows. An experimental setup is suggested to confirm the theoretical results experimentally.
A Review of IoT-Enabled Smart Energy Hub Systems: Rising, Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects
Authors: Parekh Ruchit , Sedhom Bishoy , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Eladl Abdelfattah A.
Published: September 2024

The 21st century's booming population and escalating energy demands have driven significant efforts to enhance the Energy Hub (EH). The goal is to create a more intelligent and responsive system that can effectively cater to consumer needs while simultaneously improving the reliability and efficiency of contemporary energy infrastructure. The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a key enabling technology for Smart Energy Hubs (SEH). While IoT offers a plethora of innovative solutions across various sectors, including critical infrastructure, it also introduces new security challenges. Since IoT devices inherently connect to the internet, SEH systems become susceptible to a wider range of cyberattacks. This vulnerability heightens as the number of integrated IoT devices increases. A single compromised device can expose the entire hub to cyber threats. Such attacks on energy sources have the potential to cripple entire cities, resulting in significant economic devastation. Therefore, robust security measures must be implemented before the widespread adoption of IoT-based devices in energy systems. This research delves into the architecture and infrastructure of IoT-enabled SEH. Following this, the focus shifts to analyzing the primary challenges and security concerns associated with their deployment. Finally, the research emphasizes cutting-edge approaches and tools that can bolster the security and resilience of IoT-enabled SEH against contemporary physical and cyber threats. Implementing secure and advanced data transmission systems based on blockchain technology holds promise in safeguarding the entire EH from cyber-physical attacks in the future.
CAR-Macrophages: Precision Enhancer of Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Chettri Dewan , Prasad Satapathy Bibhu , Yadav Rohit , Uttam Vivek , Jain Aklank , Prakash Hridayesh
Published: September 2024

Recognizing the need to enhance immune cells' ability to target and eliminate tumor cells by focusing on tumor-associated antigens is crucial for the success of immunotherapy. Numerous cell-based therapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, CAR-NK cell therapy, and T-cell receptor (TCR)-based therapies, are currently undergoing clinical and pre-clinical evaluation across various cancer types. However, a significant challenge lies in managing the inflammatory responses that are harmful to cancer patients. To overcome this, developing advanced strategies to target tumor cells precisely while preserving immune balance in cancer patients is imperative. One promising approach involves using modified tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), which constitute approximately 50% of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a pivotal role in tumor progression. CAR-Macrophage (CAR-M) therapy is an emerging potential asset of immunotherapy for a wide range of tumors.
Deadwood Traits and Impacts on Forest Regeneration after Disturbance: Evidence from the High Tatra Mountains, Slovakia
Authors: Šebeň Vladimír , Konôpka Bohdan , Pajtík Jozef
Published: September 2024

In 2004, a significant portion of the spruce-dominated forests in the Tatra National Park (northern Slovakia) was destroyed by an exceptionally strong windstorm. Our study focused on the status of deadwood and its influence on post-disturbance forest regeneration 18 years after the destruction. Since some disturbed areas were salvaged and others were not, we could compare the situations between these two management approaches. In total, 40 research sites (20 salvaged and 20 unsalvaged) were measured, each represented by four satellite-like plots with a radius of 4 m. We measured the diameters of deadwood and its decay status (classes 1 – 5). At the same time, we recorded the sizes (stem base diameter and height) and species of young trees. The results showed that while salvage conditions and contact with soil stimulated deadwood decomposition, the diameter of logs was not a significant factor. The highest decay class (3.83) was found in deadwood on salvaged areas and attached to the soil, while the lowest decay class (3.10) was found in deadwood on unsalvaged areas and in the case of logs unattached to the soil. While carbon content (based on percentage of wood mass) did not change with decay class, wood density decreased sharply with decay class. Water moisture showed an increasing tendency with decay class. Moreover, our results showed that post-disturbance management influenced forest regeneration. Significantly higher tree diversity was observed in salvaged areas (5.40 species per plot) compared to unsalvaged areas (3.85 species per plot). While areas with logging were predominantly covered by broadleaved species, those without logging were typically dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst). We concluded that although salvage logging decreased the total carbon and water content in deadwood, it can stimulate tree species diversity. Thus, the currently prevailing opinion about the exclusively negative ecological effects of salvage logging should be accepted with caution, and local conditions must be considered before making broad judgments.
Genetic Variation Study of Several Romanian Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Varieties Revealed by Molecular Markers and Whole Genome Resequencing
Authors: UDRIȘTE Anca Amalia , IORDĂCHESCU Mihaela , BĂDULESCU Liliana
Published: September 2024

Numerous varieties of Capsicum annuum L. with multiple valuable traits, such as adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress factors, can be found in south-east Romania, well known for vegetable cultivation and an important area of biodiversity conservation. To obtain useful information toward a sustainable agriculture, management and conservation of local pepper varieties, we analyzed the genetic diversity and we did deep molecular characterization using Whole Genome Resequencing (WGS) for variant/mutation detection. The pepper varieties used in the present study were registered by VRDS in the ISTIS catalog between 1974 and 2019 and maintained in conservative selection, however, no studies have been published yet using WGS analysis in order to characterize this specific germplasm. The genome sequences, annotation and alignments provided in this study offer essential resources for genomic research as well as for future breeding efforts using the C. annuum local varieties.
Characterization of Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus aureus Depending on NaCl Concentration
Authors: Iwabuchi Yusuke , Kato Hitoyuki , Saito Masanori , Senpuku Hidenobu
Published: September 2024

Staphylococcus aureus, found in the oral cavity as an opportunistic bacterium, has been reported as a cause of infective endocarditis and pneumonia. Salt is an essential mineral component for maintaining human body cells and has attracted attention as a promoter of S. aureus biofilms. This study was conducted to clarify how salt affects biofilm formation by S. aureus and S. mutans, which is a pathogen implicated in the dental caries. Bacteria were cultivated with various concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl) in Toryptic Soy Broth with 0.25% sucrose and 0.25% glucose (TSBs and TSBg) for 16 hours. Contribution of GTF on the membrane vesicles (MVs) from S. mutans and extracellular DNA (eDNA) was also analyzed in the biofilm formation. S. aureus biofilms were induced by the addition of 0.004–0.25 M NaCl but decreased by NaCl concentrations greater than 0.25 M, in TSBs. The biofilm formation of mixed bacteria (S. aureus and S. mutans) gradually increased in a NaCl concentration-dependent manner in TSBs and TSBg. Moreover, the biofilm was dependent on glucan formation by GTF in MVs at high salinity. The mixed-species biofilm of S. aureus and S. mutans was upregulated by the collaboration of eDNA and MVs. Therefore, eDNA and MVs are developmental factors for S. aureus biofilm formation under harsh conditions. The intake of sucrose and glucose may be a risk factor for infection by opportunistic pathogens such as S. aureus in persons who consume high concentrations of salt in foods and drinks in custom-type foods.
Hydration and Mechanical Properties of High-Volume Fly ash Cement under Different Curing Temperatures
Authors: Choi Young-Cheol
Published: September 2024

Research on high-volume fly ash concrete, which utilizes large quantities of fly ash, has been actively conducted to promote resource recycling and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, while cement mixed with fly ash exhibits different temperature sensitivities compared to traditional cement, its hydration and mechanical properties vary depending on curing conditions. Despite this, there is a significant gap in research on this topic. In this study, high-volume fly ash concrete was produced with fly ash replacement rates of 35 % and 55 %. Compression strength tests were performed at various curing ages under three different curing temperature conditions, and the results were analyzed. Additionally, an isothermal calorimeter was used to analyze hydration characteristics under different curing conditions. The results indicated that concrete with high fly ash content was more sensitive to curing temperature compared to ordinary Portland cement.
The Future of Autoimmune Pancreatitis (AIP): Spotlight on Key Researchers and Emerging Global Networks
Authors: Ogasawara Naruaki
Published: September 2024

Aim: This study aims to analyze the collaborative networks and identify key players in autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) research from 2000 to 2023. Using data from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, I assess the structure and evolution of co-authorship networks to understand collaboration trends and influential researchers in the field.Method: I conducted a network analysis of co-authorship patterns in AIP research using Python (Version 3.10.5) in the PyCharm development environment (Software Version 2022.1.3). The analysis included macro-level indicators: network density, clustering coefficient, components, and average distance, as well as micro-level indicators: degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. These metrics were used to evaluate the connectivity, clustering, and key nodes within the network across three distinct periods: 2000-2009, 2010-2019, and 2020-2023.Result: The analysis revealed that the co-authorship network in AIP research evolved from a fragmented structure with limited collaboration in the early 2000s to a more interconnected but still dispersed network in recent years. Despite an increase in network density and a decrease in the number of disconnected components over time, the overall structure remains highly clustered, with many researchers operating within isolated groups. Key figures, such as Kazuichi Okazaki, Terumi Kamisawa, and Shigeyuki Kawa from Japan, consistently ranked high in centrality measures, highlighting their significant influence and leadership in the field. The findings suggest that while local collaborations are strong, broader international connections are still developing.Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the collaborative landscape in AIP research, identifying central researchers and highlighting persistent fragmentation within the network. The prominent role of Japanese researchers in shaping the field underscores the importance of fostering greater international collaboration to bridge gaps between research clusters. Enhancing global partnerships could lead to more integrated and impactful research outcomes, ultimately advancing the understanding and management of autoimmune pancreatitis.
Eudermic Properties and Chemical-Physical Characterization of Honeys of Different Botanical Origin
Authors: Miraldi Elisabetta , Cappellucci Giorgio , Casino Cecilia Del , Giordano Emanuele , Guarnieri Massimo , Nepi Massimo , Biagi Marco , Baini Giulia
Published: September 2024

Honey is a natural product that, thanks to its composition, particularly the high sugar content, is highly appreciated as an energy nourishment. In addition to sugars, it contains many other substances (carbohydrates, free amino acids, enzymatic proteins, organic acids, polyphenols) from which the therapeutic properties of honey arise: hydrating and osmotic activity, antimicrobial action, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory power. The present work aims to deepen the activity of skin protection exerted by honey, as a synergic result of its multiple therapeutic effects.Moreover, the study want to find possible correlations between biological properties and chemical-physical traits of honey.
To carry out this research, five varieties of citrus honey, one of acacia honey, one of chestnut honey and, finally, one of multifloral honey were used. The honeys were first characterized by chemical-physical analysis (determination of water content, sugars, amino acids, polyphenols) and then subjected to qualitative melissopalynological analysis. Tests were also carried out to evaluate both their antioxidant power and the effect on collagenase, an enzyme involved in the degradation of collagen present in the extracellular matrix and, therefore, in the processes of skin aging. Finally, they were used in in vitro experiments to assess their action in stimulating cell viability and proliferation on human keratinocytes.
Opportunistic Pathogens in Malnourished African Children: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ekeng Bassey , Adedokun Olufunke , Otu Vivien , Chukwuma Stella , Okah Agatha , Asemota Osamagbe , Eshiet Ubokobong , Morgan Akpan , Nwagboso Rosa , Ebiekpi Eti , Umoren Emmanuella , Usun Edet
Published: September 2024

Understanding the interplay between infections and severe acute malnutrition is critical in attaining good clinical outcomes in managing malnourished children. However, review studies describing the profile of the associated pathogens in the malnourished African pediatric population are sparse in the literature. We aimed to identify the spectrum of pathogens from studies reporting infections in malnourished African children, as well as the antibiotic resistance pattern and clinical outcomes. A systematic literature of the PubMed database was conducted following PRISMA guidelines from January 2001 to June 2024. The search algorithm was ((marasmus) OR (kwashiorkor) OR (severe acute malnutrition) OR (protein energy malnutrition)) AND (Africa). For a more comprehensive retrieval, an additional search algorithm was deployed: (HIV OR tuberculosis) AND (severe acute malnutrition). We included 67 studies conducted between 2001 and 2024. Most of the studies were from East Africa (n=53, 79.1%) and Southern Africa (n=5, 7.4%). A total of 7,056 pathogens were identified comprising 3,030 Viruses, 2,381 bacteria, 1,452 parasites and 193 fungal pathogens. The predominant pathogens were HIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and malaria parasites accounting for 42.5%, 25.2%, and 17.1% respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was documented in only three studies. Fatality rates were reported in 49 studies and ranged from 2% to 56% regardless of the category of pathogen. This review affirms the deleterious effect of infections in malnourished patients and suggests a gross underdiagnosis as studies were found from only 17 (31.5%) African countries. Moreover, data on fungal infections in malnourished African children was nearly absent despite being at risk. There is also a need to prioritize research investigating African children with severe acute malnutrition for fungal infections besides other opportunistic pathogens and improve the availability of diagnostic tools and the optimized usage of antibiotics through the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes.
Exploring Dengue Infection in a Vaccinated Individual: Preliminary Molecular Diagnosis and Sequencing Insights
Authors: Adelino Talita Émile Ribeiro , Pedroso Sílvia Helena Sousa Pietra , Lima Maurício , Tomé Luiz Marcelo Ribeiro , Guimarães Natália Rocha , Fonseca Vagner , Silva Paulo Eduardo de Souza da , Moreno Keldenn Melo Farias , Silva Ana Cândida Araújo e , Pinheiro Náthale Rodrigues , Souza Carolina Senra Alves de , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , Giovanetti Marta , Iani Felipe Campos de Melo
Published: September 2024

This study examines a case involving a 7-year-old child who developed dengue symptoms following Qdenga vaccination. Despite initial negative diagnostic results, molecular analysis confirmed an infection with DENV4. Next-generation sequencing detected viral RNA from both DENV2 and DENV4 serotypes, which were identified as vaccine-derived strains using specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that these sequences belonged to the Qdenga vaccine rather than circulating wild-type viruses. This case underscores the critical need for precise diagnostic interpretation in vaccinated individuals to avoid misdiagnosis and to strengthen public health surveillance. A comprehensive understanding of vaccine-induced viremia is essential for refining dengue surveillance, improving diagnostic accuracy, and informing public health strategies in endemic regions.
The Role of Transcrust Magma and Fluid-Conducting Faults in the Formation of Mineral Deposits
Authors: Isataeva Farida , Abetov Auez , Umirova Gulzada , Mustafin Zhanibek , Abdullina Aigerim
Published: September 2024

The article considers the role of transcrustal magma- and fluid-conducting faults in the formation of mineral deposits, shows the importance of a deep source of heat and hydrothermal solutions in the genesis and history of the formation of these deposits. As a result of the impact on the lithosphere of mantle jets rising along transcrustal faults, intense block-and-clump deformations and tectonic movements are generated; rift systems and volcanic-plutonic belts spatially combined with them are formed; intrusive bodies are introduced. At ore deposits, these processes cause epithermal ore formation as a consequence of the impact of mantle jets rising along transcrustal faults on the lithosphere. At hydrocarbon fields, they play an extremely important role in conduction and convective heat and mass transfer to the area of hydrocarbon generation, determine the relationship between the processes of lithogenesis and tectogenesis, and activate the generation of hydrocarbons from oil and gas mother formations. Detection of transcrustal magma- and fluid-supporting faults was carried out by MMZ and MTZ in combination with other geological and geophysical data. Practical examples are given for mineral deposits under which subvertical transcrustal columns of increased permeability traced to considerable depths have been found. The nature of these unique structures is related to faults of pre-Paleozoic time of emplacement, which determined the fragmentation of the subcrystalline structure of the Earth and later developed inherited in the conditions of development of volumetric fluid dynamics. The residual forms of functioning of fluid-conducting thermohydrocolumns are granitoid batholiths and other magmatic bodies. Experimental modelling of deep processes allowed to reveal the quantum character of interactions of crystal structures of minerals with "inert" gases under elevated T-P conditions. The role of helium, nitrogen and hydrogen in changing the physical properties of rocks in connection with their intrastructural diffusion has been clarified. As a result of low-energy impact, stress fields are formed in the solid rock skeleton, the structure and texture of rocks are rearranged, and general porosity develops. With increasing pressure, energy interactions intensify, deformations, phase transitions and chemical bonds occur in an unstable geological environment, which increases with increasing gas saturation, pressure, and temperature. The process of heat and mass transfer along transcrustal magma- and fluid-supplying faults to the Earth's surface occurs in stages with energy release, which can manifest itself in the form of explosions on the day surface, in coal and ore mines, in earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Equine Asthma Diagnostics: Review of Influencing Factors and Difficulties in Diagnosing Subclinical Disease
Authors: Barton Ann Kristin , Lendl Lioba
Published: September 2024

This literature review focusses on diagnostics of Equine Asthma (EA), possible influencing factors on diagnostic techniques and latest developments in diagnosing horses during EA remission or in case of subclinical disease. Routine EA diagnostics include clinical examination of the respiratory system including percussion and auscultation, clinical pathology including white blood cells and arterial blood gas analysis, bronchoscopy to evaluate the amount and viscosity of respiratory secretion, bronchoalveolar lavage and cytology of tracheal aspirates (TA) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Grading of EA severity and inflammatory subtype is based on BALF cy-tology, while TA cytology helps to rule out previous bacterial infections. Different factors have an impact on the airways regarding structure of the epithelium, cytology and inflammatory markers possibly influencing the diagnosis of EA. Short-term exercise increases the total cell count and inflammatory mediators in BALF of men, asymptomatic horses and other species. Further factors involve cold or chlorinated air, long-term training effects and the co-incidence of further respir-atory disease, in particular exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. As BALF cytology may be unremarkable during EA remission and low-grade disease, exercise and other factors stressing the bronchial epithelium may help to diagnose these patients.
Digital Magnetic Sorting for Fractionating Cell Populations with Variable Antigen Expression in Cell Therapy Process Development
Authors: Bshara-Corson Savannah , Burwell Andrew , Tiemann Timothy , Murray Coleman
Published: September 2024

Cellular therapies exhibit immense potential in treating complex diseases with sustained response. Manufacture of cell therapies involves purification and engineering of specific cells from a donor or patient to achieve a therapeutic response upon injection. Magnetic cell sorting targeting the presence or absence of surface markers is commonly used for upfront purification. However, emerging research is showing that optimal therapeutic phenotypes are characterized not only by the presence or absence of specific antigens but also on antigen density. Unfortunately, current cell purification tools like magnetic or fluorescence activated cell sorting lack the resolution to differentiate populations based on antigen density while maintaining scalability. Utilizing a technique known as Digital Magnetic Sorting (DMS) we demonstrate proof of concept for a scalable, magnetic based approach to fractionate cell populations based on antigen density level. Targeting CD4 on human leukocytes, DMS demonstrated fractionation into CD4High T cells and CD4Low monocytes/neutrophils as quantified by flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing. DMS also demonstrated high throughput processing at throughputs 5-10X faster than flow cytometry. We believe DMS can be leveraged and scaled to enable antigen density-based sorting in cell therapy manufacturing, leading to the production of more potent and sustainable cellular therapies.
Evaluating the Effects of Frequency of STN-DBS on Postural Control in Parkinson's Disease: A Case-Series Study
Authors: Durmaz Çelik Nazlı , Yaman Kula Aslı , Yiğit Tekkanat Elif Göksu , Kuzu Kumcu Müge , Yanardağ Mehmet , Özkan Serhat
Published: September 2024

Results: This case series study included 20 PD participants with STN-DBS, with a mean age of 61.2±10.1 years. There were no differences in equilibrium scores of SOT conditions between 60, 130, and 180 Hz frequencies (p> 0.05), except the SOT6 score (p= 0.003), where 60 Hz showed better equilibrium performance in SOT6, indicating an advantage in postural control when visual and somatosensory cues are disturbed, and vestibular cues are not.
Improving Urban Energy Efficiency with Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Integrated with Energy Piles
Authors: Chanchayanon Thiti , Chaiprakaikeow Susit , Jotisankasa Apiniti , Inazumi Shinya
Published: September 2024

Urban areas are increasingly challenged by the urban heat island effect, resulting in increased energy consumption and reduced efficiency of conventional air source heat pumps (ASHPs). This study explores the integration of ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems with energy piles in urban environments, focusing on small to medium sized residential units. Energy piles combine structural support with geothermal heat exchange capabilities, taking advantage of stable ground temperatures to improve energy efficiency. The research examines key design considerations such as soil thermal properties, heat transfer mechanisms, and the optimal configuration of heat exchangers within the piles. Results indicate that GSHP systems can significantly reduce electricity consumption and operating costs compared to ASHPs, despite higher initial costs. Several factors, including site conditions, pile materials, and heat exchanger designs, are critical to system performance. The study concludes that while GSHP systems offer significant long-term benefits, their widespread adoption in Southeast Asia will require further development of construction methods and design strategies, as well as supportive government policies to mitigate initial costs. This work aims to advance the understanding and implementation of energy piles in urban environments, thereby promoting sustainable energy use in smart city development.
Advanced Techniques for Evaluation of Underground System
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: September 2024

Pipelines are regularly trenched and then forgotten, just allowed to run till failure and producing an overall incredibly poorly run system that is ripe for improvements. One of the most needed areas for improvement are proactive methods for condition assessment of existing pipelines. This can be divided into two main categories: proactive condition assessment technologies and nonstructural proactive condition improvement technologies. The objective of this paper is to identify the best option available on the market for both these areas of proactive condition assessment for existing pipelines. The compared proactive condition assessment technologies include Acoustic Resonance Testing, Ultrasonic Thickness Measurement Testing, Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing, Pulsed Eddy Current Testing, and the Multisensor ROV. The technologies compared for nonstructural proactive condition improvement were Jetting, Pigging and also included the main requirements for a proper catalog of pipe information that can be used to produce a ranked system for assessing which pipes are at highest risk for failure and can be used to efficiently direct resources for pipe maintenance. The final conclusion was that Acoustic Resonance Testing and the Multisensor ROV are the two best products available for the proactive condition assessment of existing pipelines available on the market from their versatility of application and amount of information gathered during pipe inspection. The best option available in the group of nonstructural proactive condition improvement technologies was pigging for its incredibly low risk and low social impact as well as potential for improvement in the near future. It was also concluded that every agency would be better off with a catalog of the pipe material, age, length, diameter, and burial depth to know the location of every pipe an agency owns as well as to rank every pipe in terms of risk of failure and impact of said failure to most efficiently direct resources.
The Curtain Model as an Alternative and Complementary to the Classic Turgor Concept of Filamentous Fungi
Authors: Mazheika Igor , Kamzolkina Olga
Published: September 2024

Turgor pressure – the intracellular hydrostatic pressure exerted by the cell protoplast on the cell wall – is of critical physiological importance for all organisms that have the cell wall. However, in mycology there is increasing evidence that turgor pressure is not the only and not always the main factor influencing, for example, the tension of the plasma membrane, the size and shape of non-apical fungal cells, and is not even always the determining factor of apical growth. This paper characterizes various aspects of the curtain model, previously proposed to describe the regulation of plasma membrane tension in the hyphae of basidiomycetes. The current understanding of the four main components of the curtain model are outlined: the driving actin cytoskeleton, the elastic cell wall, tight adhesion of the plasma membrane to the cell wall and macroinvaginations of the plasma membrane. All four elements, summed in the single curtain model, complement or replace the physiological functions of turgor, and allow imagining how a non-apical fungal cell maintains its integrity and physiological functionality under changing osmotic and other conditions. Further experimental confirmation of the curtain model is not only of fundamental importance for mycology, but also opens up new prospects in the development of drugs that control the growth and pathogenicity of filamentous fungi.
Brilliant Blue Discoloration by Ozonation. Kinetic Modelling
Authors: Adrian Victor Crisciu , Stoica Ligia , Constantin Carolina , Marcvart (Tiron) Maria , Hanganu Anamaria , Ianos (Craioveanu) Maria Gratiela
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the results of investigations on the kinetic of Brilliant Blue FCF (BB) discoloration reactions in aqueous solutions with different ozone concentrations and pH conditions. Kinetic studies involve knowledge of the structure and properties of the dye and ozone, as well as the experimental conditions. In general, scientists admit that the predominant oxidation pathway is direct (by free oxygen atoms) or indirect (by free hydroxyl radicals), it will depend on influencing factors such as: the physicochemical properties of the dye, the pH of the aqueous solution, ozone concentration, reaction time and the contact mode with/without stirring. In the experimental research, two pathways were chosen following CBB = f(t): 1. constant dye concentration and different ozone concentration on the concentration range (100 - 250 mg/L) at three pH media (acidic, neutral and basic) with and without stirring; 2. Constant concentration of ozone and different dye in the range of concentrations (2.5 - 10 mg/L) under the conditions of point 1. With obtained experimental data the curves CBB = f(t) were drawn and were processed by the integral method of classical kinetic based on first and second order equations. Unfortunately, this simple procedure this not yield any minim full results and any pH level. The rate constants been negative and/or the reaction order been dependent on initial conditions. Due to its structure, the BB dye has several chromophore groups, thus multiple attack centers, resulting in more oxidation by-products, which is why the 1H - NMR spectrum of BB discoloration with ozone was recorded.
Air Attenuation in Octave Bands and How to Normalize Room Acoustic Measurements to a Standard Atmosphere
Authors: Rindel Jens Holger
Published: September 2024

The air attenuation of pure tones as a function of temperature and humidity is well known and described in ISO and ANSI standards. However, room acoustic measurements are performed in octave bands, which is the reason for a complicated, nonlinear behavior of the air attenuation. It is known that room acoustic measurement results depend on air temperature and humidity, and these atmospheric data should always be reported in connection with room acoustic measurements. A calculation model for the air attenuation can make it possible to normalize the room acoustic results. For accurate results it is possible to apply a summation method on each time sample in the impulse response. An approximation to the air attenuation at and above 1 kHz is possible by linearization using the pure-tone attenuation of two different frequencies, one frequency valid for the early part of the impulse response, and another frequency valid for the later part of the impulse response. The purpose of the suggested methods is to make it possible to normalize room acoustic measurements to a standard atmosphere.
Exploring IoT and Blockchain: A Comprehensive Survey on Security, Integration Strategies, Applications and Future Research Directions
Authors: Obaidat Muath A. , Rawashdeh Majdi , Alja’afreh Mohammad , Abouali Meryem , Thakur Kutub , Karime Ali
Published: September 2024

The emergence of the Internet of Things (loT) has led to remarkable advancements in various sectors such as urbanization, manufacturing, and healthcare, intending to enhance the quality of life and contribute to the world economy. However, by the conclusion of 2024, ti is projected that the global network of the Internet of Things (IoT) will encompass over 207billion interconnected devices. The immense data collected and exchanged are often stored in centralized servers, leading to vulnerabilities such as data breaches. Blockchain technology, originally developed for cryptocurrency
transactions, provides a possible solution for these challenges with its decentralized, immutable, and encrypted features. This survey provides a comprehensive discussion regarding the fusion of Blockchain technology and the loT, covering architectural alignment, application, security, and limitations. The contributions of this survey include an overview of Blockchain technology and its secure applications, the integration of Blockchain into IoT , an examination of suitable methods for Blockchain integration,and a taxonomy or security and limitations of loT and blockchain integration.
Spent Ncm Lithium-Ion Batteries: Potential Evaluation of Mechanical Pre-Treatment for Recycling
Authors: Camargo Priscila Silva Silveira , Cardoso Maryanne Hoffmann , Costantin Roberta dos Reis , Cenci Marcelo Pilotto , Sánchez Felipe Antonio Lucca , Kasper Angela Cristina , Veit Hugo Marcelo
Published: September 2024

Recent increases in the demand for automotive lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have led to higher needs for critical materials like lithium, cobalt, nickel, and graphite. Consequently, recovering materials from spent batteries has gained importance. This study aimed to (1) develop a mechanical pre-treatment method for separating and concentrating materials from spent NCM622 cells, and (2) evaluate the economic, environmental, and scarcity potentials of these fractions. The pre-treatment involved grinding and granulometric separation, producing six particle-size fractions. Analysis showed that the finest fraction (n < 0.5 mm) had 85% of lithium, 77.4% of cobalt, 75.1% of manganese, and 68.5% of nickel. This fraction represented 40.4% of the processed mass and had the highest economic value (USD 3,669/ton NCM cell). This fraction was also prioritized for recycling due to its superior environmental and scarcity considerations.
Community Mobilisation for Human Sample Collection in Sensitive Communities: Experiences from Granular Mapping of Schistosomiasis & Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Ekiti Satate, Nigeria
Authors: Agbana Temitope , Omotade Omolade , Aderogba Moses , Bell David , Solomon Jacob , Animashaun Saheed , Alabi Peace , Ajayi Oladimeji , Akinwumi Adebowale , Popoola Samuel , Bunda Alex , Diehl Jan-Carel , Vdovine Gleb , Makau-Barasa Louise
Published: September 2024

Community mobilisation is a vital process for raising awareness and increasing participation in healthcare interventions, research and programs that require human sample collection and mass management. In this report, we present the community mobilisation approach undertaken for the implementation of granular schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths operational mapping and assessment in Ekiti State Nigeria. The mobilisation was conducted in 177 communities/wards of the 16 Local Government Areas. A total of 15,340 urine and stool samples were collected in 34 days. The efficacy and success of the strategy was evaluated through three performance metrics: Community compliance rate, the participant response rate at community level and overall compliance response rate of the 4 most sensitive LGAs. Community compliance was 93.7% as sample collection was denied in 9 communities. Two other communities demanded return of collected samples. Participant response rate at the community level was 86.7%. Three of the 4 sensitive LGAs (based on previous assessment programs) demonstrated satisfactory compliance rates of 100%, while a response rate of 64.0% was computed for one of the LGAs. We believe our approach contributed to effective community mobilisation & awareness and the developed model has potential for improving participation rates in large healthcare assessments and intervention programs.