bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges around Child-Feeding Practices with ‘Comida Chatarra’: A Qualitative Study to Understand the Role of Sociocultural Factors in Caregiver Feeding Decisions
Authors: Théodore Florence L. , Bonvecchio Anabelle , Lozada Tequeanes Ana Lilia , Alvarado Rocío , García-Guerra Armando , Villanueva Borbolla María Angeles , Brero Mauro
Published: March 2023

A massive incorporation of ultra-processed products into young children’s diets worldwide and in Mexico has been documented. The aim of this study is to understand the role of sociocultural factors in principal caregivers’ decisions to give a type of ultra-processed food to children under age five, called ‘comida chatarra’ (‘junk food’ in English), usually includes sugar-sweetened beverages, sweet and salty snacks, and sweet breakfast cereals. We conducted a descriptive, observational qualitative study. The research was conducted in urban and rural communities in two Mexican states. Twenty-four principal caregivers were equally distributed between the two states and types of communities. They were interviewed in person. Phenomenology underpinned this study. Results highlight the preponderant role of culture in food choices and feeding practices with junk food. Local culture influences child-feeding with ultra-processed products through social norms, knowledge, or socially constructed attitudes. These social norms, built in the context of abundant ultra-processed products and omnipresent marketing, ‘justify’ children’s consumption of junk food. They acquire these products from the principal caregivers, family members, and neighbors, among others, who reward and pamper them. These actors also define what amount (small amounts) and when (after meals as snacks) children are given these products. Cultural factors must be considered in the development of effective public policies and programs that aim to change the culture around ultra-processed products among children and avoid their consumption.
Health Benefits of Key Constituents in Cichorium intybus L.
Authors: Birsa Mihail Lucian , Sarbu Laura G.
Published: March 2023

The genus Cichorium (Asteraceae) that originates from the Mediterranean area consists of six species (Cichorium intybus, Cichorium frisee, Cichorium endivia, Cichorium grouse, Cichorium chico and Cichorium pumilum). Cichorium intybus L., commonly known as chicory, has a rich history of being known as a medicinal plant and coffee substitute. A variety of key constituents in chicory play important roles as antioxidant agents. The herb is also used as a forage plant for animals. This review highlights the bioactive composition of C. intybus L. and summarizes the antioxidant activity associated with the presence of inulin, caffeic acid derivatives, ferrulic acid, caftaric acid, chicoric acid, chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acids, dicaffeoyl tartaric acid, sugars, proteins, hydroxycoumarins, flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones. It also covers the plant’s occurrence, agriculture improvement, natural biosynthesis, geographical distribution and waste valorization.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023?
Authors: Gudan Anna , Kozłowska-Petriczko Katarzyna , Wunsch Ewa , Bodnarczuk Tomasz , Stachowska Ewa
Published: March 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with the pathological accumulation of lipids inside hepatocytes. Untreated NAFL can progress to non-alcoholic hepatitis (NASH), followed by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The common denominator of the above-mentioned metabolic disorders seems to be insulin resistance, which occurs in NAFLD patients. Obesity is the greatest risk factor for lipid accumulation inside hepatocytes, but a part of the NAFLD patient population has a normal body weight according to the BMI index. Obese people with or without NAFLD have a higher incidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and those suffering from NAFLD show increased intestinal permeability, including a more frequent presence of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO). The health consequences of SIBO are primarily malabsorption disorders (vitamin B12, iron, choline, fats, carbohydrates and proteins) and bile salt deconjugation. Undetected and untreated SIBO may lead to nutrient and/or energy malnutrition, thus directly impairing liver function (e.g., folic acid and choline deficiency). However, whether SIBO contributes to liver dysfunction, decreased intestinal barrier integrity, increased inflammation, endotoxemia and bacterial translocation is not yet clear. In this review, we focus on gut–liver axis and discuss critical points, novel insights and the role of nutrition, lifestyle, pre- and probiotics, medication and supplements in the therapy and prevention of both SIBO and NAFLD.
Current Status and Nutritional Value of Green Leaf Protein
Authors: Balfany Connor , Gutierrez Janelle , Moncada Marvin , Komarnytsky Slavko
Published: March 2023

Green leaf biomass is one of the largest underutilized sources of nutrients worldwide. Whether it is purposely cultivated (forage crops, duckweed) or upcycled as a waste stream from the mass-produced agricultural crops (discarded leaves, offcuts, tops, peels, or pulp), the green biomass can be established as a viable alternative source of plant proteins in food and feed processing formulations. Rubisco is a major component of all green leaves, comprising up to 50% of soluble leaf protein, and offers many advantageous functional features in terms of essential amino acid profile, reduced allergenicity, enhanced gelation, foaming, emulsification, and textural properties. Nutrient profiles of green leaf biomass differ considerably from those of plant seeds in protein quality, vitamin and mineral concentration, and omega 6/3 fatty acid profiles. Emerging technological improvements in processing fractions, protein quality, and organoleptic profiles will enhance the nutritional quality of green leaf proteins as well as address scaling and sustainability challenges associated with the growing global demand for high quality nutrition.
Environmental Factors Associated with Cryptosporidium and Giardia
Authors: Wang Xihan , Wang Xu , Cao Jianping
Published: March 2023

Environmental factors significantly influence the transmission of intestinal protozoan diseases. Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are important zoonotic diseases characterized by diarrhea, and are mainly water or foodborne diseases caused by fecal-borne oocysts. The One Health approach effectively addresses environmentally influenced zoonotic diseases. However, the impact of environmental factors on the survival of Cryptosporidium/Giardia (oo)cysts or disease transmission is mostly uncharacterized. Associations between cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis incidence and environmental variables (e.g., climatic conditions, soil characteristics, and water characteristics) have been reported; however, the identified relationships are not consistently reported. Whether these are country-specific or global observations is unclear. Herein, we review the evidence for the influence of environmental factors on Cryptosporidium/Giardia and corresponding diseases from three perspectives: climatic, soil, and water characteristics. The (oo)cyst concentration or survival of Cryptosporidium/Giardia and the incidence of corresponding diseases are related to environmental variables. The associations identified varied among studies and have different levels of importance and lag times in different locations. This review summarizes the influence of relevant environmental factors on Cryptosporidium/Giardia from the One Health perspective and provides recommendations for future research, monitoring, and response.
Anti-Atopic Dermatitis Effects of Abietic Acid Isolated from Rosin under Condition Optimized by Response Surface Methodology in DNCB-Spread BALB/c Mice
Authors: Park Jumin , Kim Ji Eun , Jin You Jeong , Roh Yu Jeong , Song Hee Jin , Seol Ayun , Park So Hae , Seo Sungbaek , Lee Heeseob , Hwang Dae Youn
Published: March 2023

Abietic acid (AA) is known to have beneficial effects on inflammation, photoaging, osteoporosis, cancer, and obesity; however, its efficacy on atopic dermatitis (AD) has not been reported. We investigated the anti-AD effects of AA, which was newly isolated from rosin, in an AD model. To achieve this, AA was isolated from rosin under conditions optimized by response surface methodology (RSM), and its effects on cell death, iNOS-induced COX-2 mediated pathway, inflammatory cytokine transcription, and the histopathological skin structure were analyzed in 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-treated BALB/c mice after treatment with AA for 4 weeks. AA was isolated and purified through isomerization and reaction-crystallization under the condition (HCl, 2.49 mL; reflux extraction time, 61.7 min; ethanolamine, 7.35 mL) established by RSM, resulting in AA with a purity and extraction yield of 99.33% and 58.61%, respectively. AA exhibited high scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and NO radicals as well as hyaluronidase activity in a dose-dependent manner. The anti-inflammatory effects of AA were verified in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages through amelioration of the inflammatory response, including NO production, iNOS-induced COX-2 mediated pathway activation, and cytokine transcription. In the DNCB-treated AD model, the skin phenotypes, dermatitis score, immune organ weight, and IgE concentration were significantly ameliorated in the AA cream (AAC)-spread groups compared to the vehicle-spread group. In addition, AAC spread ameliorated DNCB-induced deterioration of skin histopathological structure through the recovery of the thickness of the dermis and epidermis and the number of mast cells. Furthermore, activation of the iNOS-induced COX-2 mediated pathway and increased inflammatory cytokine transcription were ameliorated in the skin of the DNCB+AAC-treated group. Taken together, these results indicate that AA, newly isolated from rosin, exhibits anti-AD effects in DNCB-treated AD models, and has the potential to be developed as a treatment option for AD-related diseases.
Influence of Folate-Targeted Gold Nanoparticles on Subcellular Localization and Distribution into Lysosomes
Authors: Daniele Raffaella , Brazzale Chiara , Arpac Busra , Tognetti Francesco , Pesce Cristiano , Malfanti Alessio , Sayers Edward , Mastrotto Francesca , Jones Arwyn T. , Salmaso Stefano , Caliceti Paolo
Published: March 2023

The cell interaction, mechanism of cell entry and intracellular fate of surface decorated nanoparticles are known to be affected by the surface density of targeting agents. However, the correlation between nanoparticles multivalency and kinetics of the cell uptake process and disposition of intracellular compartments is complicated and dependent on a number of physicochemical and biological parameters, including the ligand, nanoparticle composition and colloidal properties, features of targeted cells, etc. Here, we have carried out an in-depth investigation on the impact of increasing folic acid density on the kinetic uptake process and endocytic route of folate (FA)-targeted fluorescently labelled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). A set of AuNPs (15 nm mean size) produced by the Turkevich method was decorated with 0–100 FA-PEG3.5kDa-SH molecules/particle, and the surface was saturated with about 500 rhodamine-PEG2kDa-SH fluorescent probes. In vitro studies carried out using folate receptor overexpressing KB cells (KBFR-high) showed that the cell internalization progressively increased with the ligand surface density, reaching a plateau at 50:1 FA-PEG3.5kDa-SH/particle ratio. Pulse-chase experiments showed that higher FA density (50 FA-PEG3.5kDa-SH molecules/particle) induces more efficient particle internalization and trafficking to lysosomes, reaching the maximum concentration in lysosomes at 2 h, than the lower FA density of 10 FA-PEG3.5kDa-SH molecules/particle. Pharmacological inhibition of endocytic pathways and TEM analysis showed that particles with high folate density are internalized predominantly by a clathrin-independent process.
A Review of Advanced Multifunctional Magnetic Nanostructures for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy Integrated into an Artificial Intelligence Approach
Authors: Govindan Bharath , Sabri Muhammad Ashraf , Hai Abdul , Banat Fawzi , Haija Mohammad Abu
Published: March 2023

The new era of nanomedicine offers significant opportunities for cancer diagnostics and treatment. Magnetic nanoplatforms could be highly effective tools for cancer diagnosis and treatment in the future. Due to their tunable morphologies and superior properties, multifunctional magnetic nanomaterials and their hybrid nanostructures can be designed as specific carriers of drugs, imaging agents, and magnetic theranostics. Multifunctional magnetic nanostructures are promising theranostic agents due to their ability to diagnose and combine therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development of advanced multifunctional magnetic nanostructures combining magnetic and optical properties, providing photoresponsive magnetic platforms for promising medical applications. Moreover, this review discusses various innovative developments using multifunctional magnetic nanostructures, including drug delivery, cancer treatment, tumor-specific ligands that deliver chemotherapeutics or hormonal agents, magnetic resonance imaging, and tissue engineering. Additionally, artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to optimize material properties in cancer diagnosis and treatment, based on predicted interactions with drugs, cell membranes, vasculature, biological fluid, and the immune system to enhance the effectiveness of therapeutic agents. Furthermore, this review provides an overview of AI approaches used to assess the practical utility of multifunctional magnetic nanostructures for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the review presents the current knowledge and perspectives on hybrid magnetic systems as cancer treatment tools with AI models.
Prospects of Using Gum Arabic Silver Nanoparticles in Toothpaste to Prevent Dental Caries
Authors: Ahmed Omnia Abdelmoneim Khidir , Sibuyi Nicole Remaliah Samantha , Fadaka Adewale Oluwaseun , Maboza Ernest , Olivier Annette , Madiehe Abram Madimabe , Meyer Mervin , Geerts Greta
Published: March 2023

There is growing interest in the use of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to control and prevent dental diseases. The incorporation of green synthesized AgNPs into dentifrices to reduce pathogenic oral microbes is motivated by their presumed biocompatibility and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. In the present study, gum arabic AgNPs (GA-AgNPs) were formulated into a toothpaste (TP) using a commercial TP at a non-active concentration, to produce GA-AgNPs_TP. The TP was selected after evaluating the antimicrobial activity of four commercial TPs 1-4 on selected oral microbes using agar disc diffusion and microdilution assays. The less active TP-1 was then used in the formulation of GA-AgNPs_TP-1; thereafter, the antimicrobial activity of GA-AgNPs_0.4g was compared to GA-AgNPs_TP-1. The cytotoxicity of GA-AgNPs_0.4g and GA-AgNPs_TP-1 was also assessed on the buccal mucosa fibroblast (BMF) cells using the MTT assay. The study demonstrated that antimicrobial activity of GA-AgNPs_0.4g was retained after being combined with a sub-lethal or inactive concentration of TP-1. The non-selective antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of both GA-AgNPs_0.4g and GA-AgNPs_TP-1 was demonstrated to be time and concentration dependent. These activities were instant, reducing microbial and BMF cell growth in less than one hour of exposure. However, the use of dentifrice commonly takes 2 min and rinsed off thereafter, which could prevent damage to the oral mucosa. Although, GA-AgNPs_TP-1 has a good prospect as a TP or oral healthcare product, more studies are required to further improve the biocompatibility of this formulation.
Functionalization of 3D-Printed Titanium Scaffolds with Elastin-like Recombinamers to Improve Cell Colonization and Osteoinduction
Authors: Guillem-Marti Jordi , Vidal Elia , Girotti Alessandra , Heras-Parets Aina , Torres Diego , Arias Francisco Javier , Ginebra Maria-Pau , Rodriguez-Cabello Jose Carlos , Manero Jose Maria
Published: March 2023

The 3D printing of titanium (Ti) offers countless possibilities for the development of personalized implants with suitable mechanical properties for different medical applications. However, the poor bioactivity of Ti is still a challenge that needs to be addressed to promote scaffold osseointegration. The aim of the present study was to functionalize Ti scaffolds with genetically modified elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs), synthetic polymeric proteins containing the elastin epitopes responsible for their mechanical properties and for promoting mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation to ultimately increase scaffold osseointegration. To this end, ELRs containing specific cell-adhesive (RGD) and/or osteoinductive (SNA15) moieties were covalently attached to Ti scaffolds. Cell adhesion, proliferation, and colonization were enhanced on those scaffolds functionalized with RGD-ELR, while differentiation was promoted on those with SNA15-ELR. The combination of both RGD and SNA15 into the same ELR stimulated cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, although at lower levels than those for every single moiety. These results suggest that biofunctionalization with SNA15-ELRs could modulate the cellular response to improve the osseointegration of Ti implants. Further investigation on the amount and distribution of RGD and SNA15 moieties in ELRs could improve cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation compared to the present study.
Fiber-Based Techniques to Suppress Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
Authors: Huang Bin , Wang Jiaqi , Shao Xiaopeng
Published: March 2023

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is the major factor that limits the maximum optical fiber output power in narrow linewidth applications, which include important fields such as passive optical networks (PONs), high-power fiber amplifiers, and lasers. Great efforts have been dedicated to suppressing the SBS effect and increasing the maximum optical fiber output power. This paper focuses on key fiber-based techniques to suppress SBS. These techniques take advantages of the properties of optical fibers. We present how these properties (electric modes, acoustic modes, and material properties) could be utilized to suppress SBS. The fiber-based techniques are divided into transverse optical fiber design, longitudinal variant fiber design, and external perturbations (strain and temperature) on optical fibers. Transverse optical fiber design focuses on the mechanism electro-acoustic interaction. Large effective area fiber design and acoustic tailoring techniques have been discussed. Longitudinal variant fiber design considers the nonlinear SBS interaction along propagation distance, and various techniques related have been presented. External perturbations (strain and temperature) on optical fibers emphasize on how external static perturbations could modify the SBS effect.
A High-Temperature Multipoint Hydrogen Sensor Using an Intrinsic Fabry–Perot Interferometer in Optical Fiber
Authors: Cao Rongtao , Wu Jingyu , Yang Yang , Wang Mohan , Li Yuqi , Chen Kevin P.
Published: March 2023

This paper presents a multiplexable fiber optic chemical sensor with the capability of monitoring hydrogen gas concentration at high temperatures up to 750 °C. The Pd-nanoparticle infused TiO2 films coated on intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer (IFPI) array were used as sensory films. Strains induced upon exposure to hydrogen with varied concentrations can be monitored by IFPI sensors. The fiber sensor shows a repetitive and reversible response when exposed to a low level (1–6%) of hydrogen gas. Uniform sensory behavior across all the sensing cavities is demonstrated and reported in this paper.
Identification of QTLs and Putative Candidate Genes for Plant Architecture of Lotus Revealed by Regional Association Mapping
Authors: Zhao Mei , Zhang Jibin , Yang Chuxuan , Cui Zhenhua , Chen Longqing
Published: March 2023

The lotus (Nelumbo Adans.) is one of the most economically relevant ornamental aquatic plants. Plant architecture (PA) is an important trait for lotus classification, cultivation, breeding, and applications. However, the underlying genetic and molecular basis controlling PA remains poorly understood. In this study, an association study for PA-related traits was performed with 93 genome-wide microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeat, SSR) and 51 insertion–deletion (InDel) markers derived from the candidate regions using a panel of 293 lotus accessions. Phenotypic data analysis of the five PA-related traits revealed a wide normal distribution and high heritability from 2013 to 2016, which indicated that lotus PA-related traits are highly polygenic traits. The population structure (Q-matrix) and the relative kinships (K-matrix) of the association panels were analyzed using 93 SSR markers. The mixed linear model (MLM) taking Q-matrix and K-matrix into account was used to estimate the association between markers and the traits. A total of 26 markers and 65 marker–trait associations were identified by considering associations with p < 0.001 and Q < 0.05. Based on the significant markers, two QTLs on Chromosome 1 were identified, and two candidate genes were preliminarily determined. The results of our study provided useful information for the lotus breeding aiming at different PA phenotypes using a molecular-assisted selection (MAS) method and also laid the foundation for the illustration of the molecular mechanism underlying the major QTL and key markers associated with lotus PA.
Relationship between Total Antioxidant Capacity, Cannabinoids and Terpenoids in Hops and Cannabis
Authors: Addo Philip Wiredu , Poudineh Zohreh , Shearer Michelle , Taylor Nichole , MacPherson Sarah , Raghavan Vijaya , Orsat Valérie , Lefsrud Mark
Published: March 2023

Efficient determination of antioxidant activity in medicinal plants may provide added value to extracts. The effects of postharvest pre-freezing and drying [microwave-assisted hot air (MAHD) and freeze drying] on hops and cannabis were evaluated to determine the relationship between antioxidant activity and secondary metabolites. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) reduction and ferric reducing ability of power (FRAP) assays were assessed for suitability in estimating the antioxidant activity of extracted hops and cannabis inflorescences and correlation with cannabinoid and terpene content. Antioxidant activity in extracts obtained from fresh, undried samples amounted to 3.6 Trolox equivalent antioxidant activity (TEAC) (M) dry matter−1 and 2.32 FRAP (M) dry matter−1 for hops, in addition to 2.29 TEAC (M) dry matter−1 and 0.25 FRAP (M) dry matter−1 for cannabis. Pre-freezing significantly increased antioxidant values by 13% (DPPH) and 29.9% (FRAP) for hops, and by 7.7% (DPPH) and 19.4% (FRAP) for cannabis. ANOVA analyses showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in total THC (24.2) and THCA (27.2) concentrations (g 100 g dry matter−1) in pre-frozen, undried samples compared to fresh, undried samples. Freeze-drying and MAHD significantly (p < 0.05) reduced antioxidant activity in hops by 79% and 80.2% [DPPH], respectively and 70.1% and 70.4% [FRAP], respectively, when compared to antioxidant activity in extracts obtained from pre-frozen, undried hops. DPPH assay showed that both freeze-drying and MAHD significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the antioxidant activity of cannabis by 60.5% compared to the pre-frozen samples although, there was no significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the antioxidant activity using the FRAP method. Greater THC content was measured in MAHD-samples when compared to fresh, undried (64.7%) and pre-frozen, undried (57%), likely because of decarboxylation. Both drying systems showed a significant loss in total terpene concentration, yet freeze-drying has a higher metabolite retention compared to MAHD. These results may prove useful for future experiments investigating antioxidant activity and added value to cannabis and hops.
A Mixture of Artemisia argyi and Saururus chinensis Improves PM2.5-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in the Lung and Brain
Authors: Kang Jin-Yong , Kim Jong-Min , Park Seon-Kyeong , Lee Hyo-Lim , Heo Ho-Jin
Published: March 2023

This study was performed to investigate the improving effect of a mixture of Artemisia argyi and Saururus chinensis (AASC) on cognitive dysfunction in mice with long-term exposure to fine particles (particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm: PM2.5). The main compounds of AASC were identified as dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers of A. argyi and a quercetin-3-glucoside of S. chinesis. As a result of behavioral tests for the evaluation of cognitive function, it was confirmed that cognitive dysfunction was induced in the PM2.5 exposure group, and a tendency to improve in the AASC group was confirmed. Increased oxidative stress and inflammatory response and mitochondrial dysfunction were observed in the brain and lung tissues of the PM group. Damage to the brain and lung affected the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain. It increased Aβ and induced the cholinergic dysfunction, hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, and activation of apoptosis, leading to cognitive impairment. However, AASC suppressed brain and lung oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby suppressing brain Aβ expression. Consequently, this study shows the potential that a steady intake of plant resources with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity could prevent cognitive impairment caused by PM2.5.
Nanofiltration Mixed Matrix Membranes from Cellulose Modified with Zn-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks for the Enhanced Water Treatment from Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Dmitrenko Mariia , Kuzminova Anna , Zolotarev Andrey , Selyutin Artem , Ermakov Sergey , Penkova Anastasia
Published: March 2023

Nowadays, nanofiltration is actively used for water softening and disinfection, pre-treatment, nitrate, and color removal, in particular, for heavy metal ions removal from wastewater. In this regard, new, effective materials are required. In the present work, novel sustainable porous membranes from cellulose acetate (CA) and supported membranes consisting of CA porous substrate with a thin dense selective layer from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified with first-time synthesized Zn-based metal–organic frameworks (Zn(SEB), Zn(BDC)Si, Zn(BIM)) were developed to increase the efficiency of nanofiltration for the removal of heavy metal ions. Zn-based MOFs were characterized by sorption measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained membranes were studied by the spectroscopic (FTIR), standard porosimetry and microscopic (SEM and AFM) methods, and contact angle measurement. The CA porous support was compared with other, prepared in the present work, porous substrates from poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) and polyacrylonitrile. Membrane performance was tested in the nanofiltration of the model and real mixtures containing heavy metal ions. The improvement of the transport properties of the developed membranes was achieved through Zn-based MOF modification due to their porous structure, hydrophilic properties, and different particle shapes.
Fatigue Resistance of Dissected Lower First Molars Restored with Direct Fiber-Reinforced Bridges—An In Vitro Pilot Study
Authors: Szabó Veronika , Szabó Balázs , Barcsayné-Tátrai Noémi , Mészáros Csongor , Braunitzer Gábor , Szabó Balázs , Lassila Lippo , Garoushi Sufyan , Fráter Márk
Published: March 2023

The aim of this research was to evaluate the mechanical impact of utilizing different fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) systems to reinforce inlay-retained bridges in dissected lower molars with different levels of periodontal support. A total of 24 lower first molars and 24 lower second premolars were included in this study. The distal canal of all molars received endodontic treatment. After root canal treatment, the teeth were dissected, and only the distal halves were kept. Standardized class II occluso-distal (OD) (premolars) and mesio-occlusal (MO) (dissected molars) cavities were prepared in all teeth, and premolar–molar units were created. The units were randomly distributed among four groups (n = six/group). With the aid of a transparent silicone index, direct inlay-retained composite bridges were fabricated. In Groups 1 and 2, both discontinuous (everX Flow) and continuous (everStick C&B) fibers were used for reinforcement, while in Groups 3 and 4, only discontinuous fibers (everX Flow) were used. The restored units were embedded in methacrylate resin, simulating either physiological periodontal conditions or furcation involvement. Subsequently, all units underwent fatigue survival testing in a cyclic loading machine until fracture, or a total of 40,000 cycles. Kaplan–Meyer survival analyses were conducted, followed by pairwise log-rank post hoc comparisons. Fracture patterns were evaluated visually and with scanning electron microscopy. In terms of survival, Group 2 performed significantly better than Groups 3 and 4 (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the other groups. In the case of impaired periodontal support, a combination of both continuous and discontinuous short FRC systems increased the fatigue resistance of direct inlay-retained composite bridges compared to bridges that only contained short fibers. Such a difference was not found in the case of sound periodontal support between the two different bridges.
Free-Radical Propagation Rate Coefficients of Diethyl Itaconate and Di-n-Propyl Itaconate Obtained via PLP–SEC
Authors: Meyer Enno , Weege Tobias , Vana Philipp
Published: March 2023

The propagation step is one of the key reactions in radical polymerization and knowledge about its kinetics is often vital for understanding and designing polymerization processes leading to new materials or optimizing technical processes. Arrhenius expressions for the propagation step in free-radical polymerization of diethyl itaconate (DEI) as well as di-n-propyl itaconate (DnPI) in bulk, for which propagation kinetics was yet unexplored, were thus determined via pulsed-laser polymerization in conjunction with size-exclusion chromatography (PLP-SEC) experiments in the temperature range of 20 to 70 °C. For DEI, the experimental data was complemented by quantum chemical calculation. The obtained Arrhenius parameters are A = 1.1 L·mol–1·s–1 and Ea = 17.5 kJ·mol−1 for DEI and A = 1.0 L·mol–1·s–1 and Ea = 17.5 kJ·mol−1 for DnPI.
Boosted Arc Flow Formulation Using Graph Compression for the Two-Dimensional Strip Cutting Problem
Authors: Ali Tamer G. , Mrad Mehdi , Balma Ali , Gharbi Anis , Samhan Ali , Louly Mohammed A.
Published: March 2023

Since the requirement for a material cutting process occurs in a wide variety of applied contemporary manufacturing, the cutting stock problem plays a critical role in optimizing the amount of raw material utilized in everyday production operations. In this paper, we address the two-dimension strip-cutting problem and implement the graph compression technique to improve the performance of the arc-flow formulation. The number of variables of the obtained mathematical model are substantially reduced. A comparative study on a large set of benchmark instances shows that our compressed model yields very good results for the non-unitary item demand case in contrast to the state-of-the-art mathematical models. Moreover, improved bounds are provided for 24 unsolved benchmark instances, among which 8 have been solved to optimality.
Evaluation of the Quality of the Cement Production Process in Terms of Increasing the Company’s Performance
Authors: Teplická Katarína , Sedláková Zuzana
Published: March 2023

This article summarizes the arguments surrounding the scientific discussion of the cement production process at a selected company in Slovakia. (1) The main goal of this article is to evaluate the quality of the cement production process with the intention of increasing the performance and quality of the process and the quality of the cement in various assortments. The object of this research was a selected company in Slovakia which focuses on cement production. (2) The methods of research were focused on using statistical, economic, and financial analyses and instruments of quality management, such as the Ishikawa diagram, regression diagram, correlation, and box plot diagram. The relevance of the decision of this scientific research relating to the innovation of the cement production process focused on Industry 4.0 requirements. (3) This paper presents the results of the clinker CaOF content and LS and their quality. These components are used for cement products and are responsible for the quality of cement. This paper obtained a view of barriers in the cement production process, the most important of which are the people involved and their qualifications. (4) These barriers were minimalized and indicated significant improvements in the quality of entry components in the clinker. We suggest reducing CEM III and replacing CEM I-R, which brings higher profit to the company. These results can be instruments or recommendations for other companies utilizing the cement production process.
Decision-Making Method for Mine Cable Insulation Monitoring and Grounding Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Feng Chen , Ye Pingfeng , Sun Yanying , Li Jingrui , Zang Xiangyu , Sun Chenhao
Published: March 2023

Real-time monitoring of the power cable state has tremendous significance for ensuring the safe and economic operation of mine power distribution systems. However, due to the harsh conditions of underground coal mines, it is difficult for the cable monitoring system operating in underground coal mines to carry out large-scale calculations to diagnose the grounding fault of the cable. Additionally, there are many types of cable grounding faults, such as single grounding fault and two-phase ground fault. Therefore, how to determine the type of grounding fault quickly through effective calculations and alarms to select the grounding cable is always a difficult task. In this study, to reduce the complexity of cable insulation state classification, we develop a novel classification method based on the decision tree algorithm. Concerning the zero-sequence network under different insulation conditions, the first calculation’s positive and negative values were generated to identify whether the cable insulation was symmetrical. Then, the insulation degradation phase is identified by the relationship between the three-phase voltage phase angle and the current difference variation between the beginning and end of the line. By substituting the correlation quantities collected by a wide-area synchronous measurement system into different equations, the whole grid’s decision tree was constructed in different insulation states. Then, the insulation state of each line was evaluated according to the conductance value. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified using a 35/6 kV mine power distribution system model based on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The test results illustrate that the method can accurately diagnose the power cable insulation state based on the decision tree of whether the grid three-phase loads operate in an ungrounded mode or not.
Formulation and Characterization of a Novel Palm-Oil-Based α-Mangostin Nano-Emulsion (PO-AMNE) as an Antimicrobial Endodontic Irrigant: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sultan Omer Sheriff , Kantilal Haresh Kumar A/L , Phaik Khoo Suan , Choudhury Hira , Davamani Fabian
Published: March 2023

Aim: To formulate and characterize a palm-oil-in-water-based α-Mangostin nano-emulsion (PO-AMNE) endodontic irrigant, in order to evaluate its antibacterial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans biofilms, as well as its capacity to remove smear layer. Methods: The solubility of α-Mangostin in various oils was determined and selected, surfactants and co-surfactants were used for the nano-emulsion trial. PO-AMNE was prepared and optimized. The MIC was performed, and the antimicrobial efficacy was estimated against biofilms. The optimized 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant antimicrobial efficacy in a tooth model was done using colony-forming units. The treated teeth were processed by scanning electron microscopic examination for debris and smear layer removal. An Alamar Blue assay was used to evaluate cell viability. The optimization of the PO-AMNE irrigant was performed using Box–Behnken statistical design. Results: The optimized 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant was found to have a particle size of 340.9 nm with 0.246 PDI of the dispersed droplets, and a zeta potential (mV) of −27.2 ± 0.7 mV. The MIC values showed that 0.2% PO-AMNE (1.22 ± 0.02) were comparable to 2% CHX (1.33 ± 0.01), and 3.25% NaOCl (2.2 ± 0.09) had the least inhibition for E. faecalis. NaOCl (3.25%) showed the maximum inhibition of S. epidermidis (0.26 ± 0.05), whereas 0.2% PO-AMNE (1.25 ± 0.0) was comparable to 2% CHX (1.86 ± 0.07). For C. albicans, 2% CHX (8.12 ± 0.12) showed the least inhibition as compared to 0.2% PO-AMNE (1.23 ± 0.02) and 3.25% NaOCl (0.59 ± 0.02). The 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant was then evaluated for its antimicrobial efficacy against the three biofilms, using colony-forming units. The 0.2% PO-AMNE was comparable to both 3.25% NaOCl and 2% CHX in inhibiting the growth of biofilms. The 0.2% PO-AMNE and 17% EDTA eliminated the smear layer with the lowest mean scores (p < 0.001). Finally, 0.2% PO-AMNE was shown to be biocompatible when compared to 17% EDTA, 3.25% NaOCl, and 2% CHX in immortalized oral keratinocyte cells. Conclusion: Overall, the formulated 0.2% PO-AMNE irrigant was an effective antimicrobial and biocompatible which could combat endodontic-infection-related polymicrobial biofilms.
Energy Consumption Optimization of Milk-Run-Based In-Plant Supply Solutions: An Industry 4.0 Approach
Authors: Akkad Mohammad Zaher , Bányai Tamás
Published: March 2023

Smart factories are equipped with Industry 4.0 technologies including smart sensors, digital twin, big data, and embedded software solutions. The application of these technologies contributes to better decision-making, and this real-time decision-making can improve the efficiency of both manufacturing and related logistics processes. In this article, the transformation of conventional milk-run-based in-plant supply solutions into a cyber–physical milk-run supply is described, where the application of Industry 4.0 technologies makes it possible to make real-time decisions regarding scheduling, routing, and resource planning. After a literature review, this paper introduces the structure of Industry 4.0 technologies supported by milk-run-based in-plant supply. A mathematical model of milk-run processes is described including both scheduling and routing problems of in-plant supply. This mathematical model makes it possible to analyze the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on the efficiency, performance, and flexibility of in-plant supply logistics. The scenarios’ analysis validates the mathematical model and shows that significant performance improvement and energy savings can be achieved using Industry 4.0 technologies. This performance improvement can lead to a more cost-efficient and sustainable in-plant supply solution, where not only logistics aspects but also energy efficiency and emissions can be taken into consideration.
Using Numerical Reservoir Simulation to Assess CO2 Capture and Underground Storage, Case Study on a Romanian Power Plant and Its Surrounding Hydrocarbon Reservoirs
Authors: Dumitrache Liviu Nicolae , Suditu Silvian , Ghețiu Iuliana , Pană Ion , Brănoiu Gheorghe , Eparu Cristian
Published: March 2023

During current times, it is acknowledged that there is the often presence of extreme meteorological phenomena including floods and landslides, due to heavy rains, large wildfires, due to heat or droughts, permafrost melting, etc. At this stage, the world admits that anthropic activities have an important impact on these phenomena and considers that greenhouse gases are at the core of this climate change. The most common greenhouse gasses have general formulae COX and/or NOX, and they are released during different energy generating/conversion processes such as electric energy generation from fossil fuels or mechanical energy obtained from by-products of fossil fuels. Once acknowledged, the world’s countries have developed long-term strategies to eliminate gradually the release of these gases directly into Earth’s atmosphere. E.g., the EU aims to be climate-neutral by 2050; i.e., its economy will have net-zero greenhouse gas emissions. For this to happen, different effective methodologies have been drafted and implemented with underground gas storage in hydrocarbon depleted geological formations and/or saline aquifers being ones of significance when it comes to electric energy generation from fossil fuels in controlled spaces. The paper presents the simulation of capturing and injecting of these greenhouse gases through injection wells in neighboring depleted natural gas reservoirs using commercial numerical simulators for the Iernut natural gas (CH4) burning power plant which is one of Romania’s most important gas plants. Within this simulation study, the total CO2 quantity that can be stored via the proposed carbon capture and sequestration study and the proportion of each of the three CO2 storage mechanisms involved in the process (physical trapping, hydrodynamic trapping, and geochemical trapping) were determined and presented. Even though previous local studies investigated the potential of CO2 storage and sequestration into the Romanian underground reservoirs, none of it considered using the depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs surrounding the Iernut power plant for this process.
Spiritual Meaning of Cadaveric Organ Donation among Protestant Korean Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Lee Hajung
Published: March 2023

This qualitative study investigated Protestant Korean immigrants’ views on cadaveric organ donation through the analysis of in-depth interviews with thirty-two Protestant Korean immigrants in the United States. The interviews show a meaning-making process of cadaveric organ donation among study participants. They describe participants’ complex sentiments on cadaveric organ donation, based on a blend of Protestant, Confucian, Shamanistic, and Daoist views. This study shows how Protestant Korean immigrants can overcome potential fears of organ procurement, stemming from indigenous Korean contexts, and describes their religious views on the afterlife. The findings indicated that most participants held positive views of cadaveric organ donation because they considered organ donation to be an altruistic, life-giving, Christian spiritual practice for the benefit of others. I argue that Protestant Korean immigrants’ lived religion can lead them to overcome fear of indigenous Korean beliefs and to choose organ donation as a spiritual practice.
Linking Financial Performance with CEO Statements: Testing Impression Management Theory
Authors: Mlawu Lonwabo , Matenda Frank Ranganai , Sibanda Mabutho
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of financial performance on the tone used in the chief executive officer (CEO) statements of South Africa’s (SA) top 40 JSE-listed companies in the 2021 financial year. This study implements the quantile regression analysis and the generalized linear regression model. To perform this assessment, the integrated annual reports (IARs) containing the CEO and annual financial statements for the top 40 JSE-listed companies were extracted from their official websites. The tone level in CEO statements was determined using Azure Machine Learning (AML). This study’s findings reveal that financial performance has a positive impact on the tone of CEO statements of the top 40 JSE-listed companies, i.e., as financial performance improves, the positive tone in CEO statements also increases. Additionally, results revealed that moderately and extremely profitable companies use a more positive tone. It is recommended that users of financial statements should carefully scrutinize the tone used in CEO statements, to identify whether or not it is aimed at concealing poor performance or motivated by good performance. The study contributes to the limited tone-management literature in developing countries and in SA in particular. The computerized techniques offered by both the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and AML secures the validity and reliability of the content analysis, therefore, the study’s shortcomings do not compromise the generalizability of the results. The study’s sample truly represents all of the JSE’s listed companies.
DEM Generation from GF-7 Satellite Stereo Imagery Assisted by Space-Borne LiDAR and Its Application to Active Tectonics
Authors: Zhu Xiaoxiao , Ren Zhikun , Nie Sheng , Bao Guodong , Ha Guanghao , Bai Mingkun , Liang Peng
Published: March 2023

China’s first optical stereo mapping satellite with a sub-meter resolution, GaoFen-7 (GF-7), launched in November 2019, shows significant potential for providing high-resolution topographic and geomorphic data for quantitative research on active tectonics. However, no studies have evaluated the capability of the GF-7-generated digital elevation model (DEM) for quantitatively studying active tectonics. This study aimed to validate the accuracy of the DEMs extracted from GF-7 stereo imagery, with or without ground control points (GCPs), and evaluated the potential of applying GF-7 DEMs to active tectonics. First, GF-7 stereo images were processed to obtain DEMs with a spatial resolution of 2 m, utilizing three different methods, including block adjustment without GCPs, block adjustment with the aid of Google Earth images and SRTM DEM, and block adjustment with GCPs derived from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) data. These three generated DEMs were called GF-7 DEMMethod1, GF-7 DEMMethod2, and GF-7 DEMMethod3, respectively, and were verified by the airborne LiDAR data in the Hasishan section of the Haiyuan fault. Second, the capability of the GF-7 DEMs for identifying active faults, fault scarps, and horizontal offsets was evaluated. Finally, 8 vertical and 13 horizontal offsets were measured based on three different GF-7 DEMs, and airborne LiDAR data were used to verify the measurements’ accuracies. The results indicated that the accuracy of GF-7 DEMMethod1 was the worst and that of GF-7 DEMMethod3 was superior to that of GF-7 DEMMethod2. The GF-7 DEMs could effectively identify the apparent fault scarps and horizontal offsets. The RMSE values of the vertical offsets measured based on GF-7 DEMMethod1, GF-7 DEMMethod2, and GF-7 DEMMethod3 were 0.55 m, 0.55 m, and 0.41 m, respectively. The horizontal offsets yielded RMSE values of 3.98 m, 2.52 m, and 1.37 m, respectively. These findings demonstrated that vertical and horizontal offsets could be accurately measured using the DEMs generated from GF-7 stereo images. Meanwhile, our study indicated that the GCPs derived from ICESat-2 data could be utilized to improve the accuracies of the GF-7 DEM, and the measurements of vertical and horizontal offsets.