bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consideraciones didácticas orientadas al desarrollo de la conciencia intercultural a través de la reflexión metapragmática en el aula de ELE
Authors: Marti Natalia Morollon
Published: May 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es exponer algunas consideraciones didácticas para el desarrollo de la conciencia intercultural, a través de la reflexión metapragmática, en el aula de español como lengua extranjera desde una aproximación de la teoría sociocultural (Vygotsky, 1978, 1986) aplicada al área de segundas lenguas (Lantolf y Thorne). Para ello, se presentan cinco aspectos estimados claves: (1) adoptar una visión relativista del empleo de las normas sociales y culturales que se manifiestan en la comunicación, a partir de lo propuesto en el área de estudio de la pragmática sociocultural; (2) estimar la relevancia de adoptar una metodología basada en conceptos con el fin de que los estudiantes puedan interpretar la comunicación intercultural a partir del significado conceptual; (3) emplear la telecolaboración como forma de crear oportunidades de participación en interacciones interculturales; (4) fomentar la reflexión metapragmática colaborativa a partir de las propias experiencias interculturales, y (5) considerar la unión de lo emocional y cognitivo durante la actividad de creación de significado metapragmático. Estas consideraciones se presentarán acompañadas de datos obtenidos en el desarrollo de investigaciones previas realizadas por la autora de este trabajo, que muestran diferentes aspectos relativos a cada uno de los temas tratados.
Decomposition of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability in a historical climate simulation
Authors: Colfescu Ioana , Schneider Edwin
Published: May 2020

The Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) modulates various climate features worldwide with enormous societal and economic implications, including variations in hurricane activity in the Atlantic, sea-level changes, West African and Indian monsoon rainfall, European climate, and hemispheric‐ scale surface temperature. Leading hypotheses regarding the nature and origin of AMV focus primarily on its links with oceanic and coupled ocean-atmosphere internal variability, and on its response to external forcing. The role of another possible process, that of atmospheric noise forcing of the ocean, has received less attention. This is addressed here by means of historical coupled simulations and diagnostic experiments, which isolate the influences of external and atmospheric noise forcings. Our findings show that external forcing is an important driver of the simulated AMV. They also demonstrate that weather noise is key in driving the simulated internal AMV in the southern part of the (0o-60oN) AMV region, and that weather noise forcing is responsible for up to 10%-20% of the multidecadal internal SST variability in some isolated areas of the sub-polar gyre region. Ocean dynamics independent from the weather noise forcing is found to be the dominant cause of multidecadal SST in the northern part of the AMV region.

 
Next generation infrared calibration sources
Authors: Peters Daniel , Smith Dave , McPheat Robert A. , Izdebski Frauke , McGurk Connor
Published: May 2020

 

Black body sources provide the fundamental reference for all infrared measurements from satellite radiometers. Satellite black body technology has evolved very little in the past 25 years. There is now an opportunity to introduce a range of new technologies into black body sources to address traceability and radiometric performance, and to reduce the volume, mass and power consumption of black body sub-systems. For climate class missions the ability to provide traceable radiances on orbit is essential. We outline our latest developments in these areas, including our calibration facility, and technical developments of black body technologies, and present the performance advances of these new approaches.
Vertical distribution of water mass properties under the influence of subglacial discharge in Bowdoin Fjord, northwestern Greenland
Authors: Ohashi Yoshihiko , Aoki Shigeru , Matsumura Yoshimasa , Sugiyama Shin , Kanna Naoya , Sakakibara Daiki
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Subglacial discharge has significant impacts on water circulation,
material transport, and biological productivity in proglacial fjords of
Greenland. To help clarify the fjord water properties and the effect of
subglacial discharge, we investigated the properties of vertical water mass
profiles of Bowdoin Fjord in northwestern Greenland based on summer
hydrographic observations, including turbidity, in 2014 and 2016. We
estimated the fraction of subglacial discharge from the observational data
and interpreted the observed differences in subglacial plume behavior
between two summer seasons with the numerical model results. At a depth of
15–40 m, where the most turbid water was observed, the maximum subglacial
discharge fractions near the ice front were estimated to be ∼6 % in 2014 and ∼4 % in 2016. The higher discharge
fraction in 2014 was likely due to stronger stratification, as suggested by
the numerical experiments performed with different initial stratifications.
Turbidity near the surface was higher in 2016 than in 2014, suggesting a
stronger influence of turbid subglacial discharge. The higher turbidity in
2016 could primarily be attributed to a greater amount of subglacial
discharge, as inferred from the numerical experiments forced by different
amounts of discharge. This study suggests that both fjord stratification and
the amount of discharge are important factors in controlling the vertical
distribution of freshwater outflow.
Seismicity related to the eastern sector of Anatolian escape tectonic: the example of the 24 January 2020 Mw 6.77 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake
Authors: Jamalreyhani Mohammadreza , Büyükakpınar Pınar , Cesca Simone , Dahm Torsten , Sudhaus Henriette , Rezapour Mehdi , Isken Marius Paul , Maleki Asayesh Behnam , Heimann Sebastian
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The 24 January 2020 Mw 6.77 Elazığ-Sivrice earthquake (Turkey), responsible for 42 casualties and ~ 1600 injured people, is the largest earthquake affecting the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) since 1971. The earthquake partially ruptured a seismic gap. The mainshock was preceded by two foreshocks with Mw ≥ 4.9 and small seismicity clusters occurring in the previous months close to the nucleation point of the main rupture. The significant aftershock sequence comprises twelve earthquakes with Mw ≥ 4.5 within 60 days. We jointly model quasi co-seismic static surface displacements from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and high-frequency co-seismic data from seismological networks at local, regional and teleseismic distances to retrieve source parameters of the mainshock. We reconstruct the rupture process using a Bayesian bootstrap based probabilistic joint inversion scheme to obtain source parameters and their uncertainties. Full moment tensor for 18 fore-/after-shocks with Mw ≥ 4.3 are obtained based on the modeling of regional broadband data. The posterior mean model for the 2020 Elazığ-Sivrice mainshock shows that the earthquake, with a magnitude Mw 6.77, ruptured at shallow depth (5 ± 2 km) with a left-lateral strike-slip focal mechanism, with a dip angle of 74° ± 2° and a causative fault plane strike of 242° ± 1°, which is compatible with the orientation of the EAF at the centroid location. The rupture nucleated in the vicinity of small foreshock clusters and slowly propagated towards WSW, with a rupture velocity of ~ 2100 ± 130 m s−1 and ~ 27 s rupture duration. The main rupture area, with a length of ~ 26 ± 5 km, only covered 70 % of the former seismic gap, leaving a smaller, unbroken segment of ~ 30 km length to the SE with positive stress change. The subsequent aftershock sequence extended over a broader region of ~ 70 km in length, spreading to both sides of the mainshock rupture patch into the regions experiencing a stress increase according to our Coulomb stress modeling. Our results support the hypothesis of a shallow locking depth of the Anatolian micro-plate, which has a possible implication to the seismic bursts along the EAF and alternating seismic activity on the North Anatolian and the East Anatolian faults.
Le discours poétique de la Négritude : un ferment de la diversité linguistique dans la francophonie
Authors: Sarr Adiouma
Published: May 2020

Résumé : L’article reprend les textes poétiques des fondateurs de la Négritude pour accomplir un retour sur les origines de nos discussions sur les choix de langue littéraires, et sur les écarts des francophonies. Adiouma Sarr cite leurs expériences stylistiques autant que le contenu des déclarations de Césaire et Senghor vis-à-vis de la langue.
Business’s Commitment to Sustainable Development Goals: An analysis using the Five Ps framework
Authors: Ghosh Soma
Published: May 2020

There has been a long-standing demand on businesses to play an increasingly larger role in sustainable development. This demand is for issues that contribute to the creation of a sustainable world; ranging from poverty alleviation to climate change. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were unanimously adopted by 193 UN member states in September 2015 and calls upon the central and diverse role that the private sector can play to deliver on the SDGs during the 15-year period, 2016-2030. This paper has two major contributions: First, it analyzes member companies of Business Call to Action (BCtA), an international initiative launched at the United Nations in 2008, to identify SDGs that are most impacted by the private sector. Second, the global analysis draws attention to the role of the private sector in addressing the sustainability challenges in five geographical regions of the world, through their contributions to the SDGs. Using the ‘five Ps’ framework, the results show that some SDGs are more impacted than others, thereby implying that these SDGs will substantially benefit from the success of the private sector while others could be left behind. The findings provide practical recommendations for businesses and stakeholders to use BCtA members as role models to integrate specific SDGs into their business activities and thereby contribute to the achievement of the SDGs.
Contribution of Isotopic Techniques in the Hydrological Study of the Aquifers of Ica, Villacuri and Lanchas
Authors: Molina Rubén Rojas , Seminario Gerardo Maghella , León José Maguiña , Caisan Mirella Tejerina
Published: May 2020

Ica Aquifer located at the coastal zone of Ica River Valley, supplies 40% of the water to a number of farms of Ica Region which is one of the most productive valley of Peru that covers an area of 30,000 hectares of area, in which a diverse agricultural product are grown for local and external market. In the last 15 years, water-table of the aquifer was lowering at an elevated rate that concerned to farmers and authorities of the Peruvian Government, so a number of studies was carried out to increase the water supply to the agriculture areas.The main purpose of the study using isotope techniques, was to have a first insight of the hydrodynamics of Ica, Villacuri and Lanchas Aquifers and the possible interconnection between them and with Pisco River. For such purpose, 31 wells, lakes, rivers and springs of Ica and Pisco Basin where sampled during the years 2014 to 2016 both in rain and dry seasons, getting 189 samples for isotope and chemical analysis. The sampling schedule didn’t include rain sampling, instead of it, selected springs were sampled and nearby basin rain data was used.18O,2H and 13C stable isotopes and 3H, 14C radioactive isotopes of the water samples were analyzed in the laboratory of “Isotope Tracer Technologies INC”; the results of the stable isotope analysis confirm the hydraulic interconnection of the three aquifers mentioned above; it also was confirmed that the main source of recharge was provided by Ica River and evidences were found about the contribution of Pisco River in the recharge of Villacuri and Lanchas Aquifers.Analysis of 14C reveals that some wells are overexploited. All the results of 3H analysis were out of range, so it was not useful for the conclusions of the study, and a new sampling of water is required; the reason of this out of range result should be the possible contamination of the samples with no environmental Tritium.
Public Speaking in Poe's “‘Thou Art the Man’”
Authors: Sweeney Susan Elizabeth
Published: May 2020

Poe's last detective story, “‘Thou Art the Man,’” has received little attention and less praise. In this ingenious tale, however, Poe revises his own pioneering narrative technique by making the narrator—who faithfully records the actions and words of the character investigating the crime—turn out to be himself the detective. Charley Goodfellow, the supposed investigator, is actually the murderer, who uses his considerable oratorical skills to persuade an entire town to convict the wrong man. Given this emphasis on unreliable narration and deceptive oratory, it seems appropriate to read Poe's satirical detective story in the context of public speech during the Jacksonian period, including political rhetoric, abolitionist discourse, theatrical performance, and ventriloquism. In the tale's climactic scene, the narrator publicly accuses Goodfellow by throwing his voice, making it seem that the murdered man's corpse has identified him as the killer by uttering the title phrase aloud. That phrase alludes to Nathan's striking indictment of King David in the Bible, which in the early nineteenth century was extolled as a model of successful rhetoric and often imitated in abolitionist writing, including a passage from Babbage's Ninth Bridgewater Treatise that Poe read before writing his story. The narrator of “‘Thou Art the Man’” not only quotes Nathan's speech but also imitates his rhetorical strategy. Poe repeats both the speech and the strategy, in turn, in constructing his tale. “‘Thou Art the Man’” demonstrates that artful rhetoric ultimately leads to truth, even in an atmosphere of bullying, chicanery, spurious accusation, and deliberate falsehood.
The Crawdads Sing in Poe Country: Delia Owens's Bestseller and “The Gold-Bug”
Authors: Gruesser John
Published: May 2020

Abstract In an August 9, 1846, letter, Poe explained his method for writing detection. The trick, he tells Philip Pendleton Cooke, is to work backward, first inventing a character that commits the crime (or otherwise sets the mystery in motion) and then creating a second character (i.e., the detective figure) that solves it. “Where is the ingenuity,” Poe writes, “in unraveling a web which you yourself (the author) have woven?” When asked which part of   Where the Crawdads Sing she liked best, Delia Owens said, “The ending. The idea for the ending came to me suddenly, so I started there. Then I jumped back to the beginning and braided the two storylines together toward the end. Weaving together all the pieces—the characters, the clues, the feathers, and the shells—was so much fun.” Here she not only evokes Poe's methodology but, through the words “braided” and “weaving,” his sewing imagery.
Funcionalidad y satisfacción de usuarios de una red piloto de telesalud en Danlí, Honduras
Authors: Varela Isabel , Amaya Gabriel , Gómez Sandra , Álvarez Dina , Díaz Salvador , Bulnes Juan Pablo , Summer Andrea , Henríquez Odessa , Durón Reyna M.
Published: May 2020

Introducción: La salud digital expande las oportunidades de atención y educación médica, siendo una herramienta nueva en Honduras. El estudio evaluó la satisfacción de usuarios de una red piloto de telesalud en el Hospital Gabriela Alvarado de Danlí, El Paraíso. Métodos: Se estableció una estación de telemedicina en dicho Hospital. Se utilizó el equipo y el software Vydeo donados por el Centro de Telesalud de la Universidad Médica de Carolina del Sur (MUSC). Se anunciaron teleconsultas con médicos especialistas en Tegucigalpa y tele-educación impartida por MUSC y principalmente por el Hospital María Especialidades Pediátricas en Tegucigalpa. El estudio tuvo aprobación ética de las instituciones participantes. Resultados: Se realizaron 11 teleconferencias para el personal de salud del hospital. De 29 teleconsultas, 5 fueron fallidas, de las realizadas, 18 (75%) fueron de primera vez y 6 (25%) subsiguientes; 67% para neurología, 21% para pediatría y 12% para medicina interna, invirtiéndose un promedio de 34.6 minutos por consulta. El 83% de los pacientes no había consultado a esas especialidades antes. Los pacientes reportaron un ahorro promedio de L. 1,562.00 (aproximadamente US $62.00) por consulta. El 100% de ellos usaría la telemedicina de nuevo. Conclusión: La asistencia a tele-educación fue baja, pero los pacientes mostraron alta satisfaacción con las teleconsultas. Los aspectos de mejora incluyen participación institucional, calidad de sonido e imagen, conectividad y disponibilidad de interconsultantes especialistas.
The Evaluation and Management of Suprascapular Neuropathy
Authors: Strauss Eric J. , Kingery Matthew T. , Klein David , Manjunath Amit K.
Published: May 2020

Suprascapular neuropathy is a potential source of shoulder pain and functional limitation that can present secondary to various etiologies including entrapment or compression. Cystic lesions arising from a labral or capsular tear can compress the nerve along its course over the scapula. Nerve traction is theorized to arise from chronic overhead athletics or due to a retracted rotator cuff tear. The diagnosis of suprascapular neuropathy is based on a combination of a detailed history, a comprehensive physical examination, imaging, and electrodiagnostic studies. Although the anatomic course and variations in bony constraint are well understood, the role of surgical treatment in cases of suprascapular neuropathy is less clear. Recent reviews on the topic have shed light on the outcomes after the treatment of suprascapular neuropathy because of compression, showing that surgical release can improve return to play in well-indicated patients. The incidence of compressive neuropathy is quite high in the overhead athletic cohort, but most patients do not show clinically relevant deficiencies in function. Surgical release is therefore not routinely recommended unless patients with pain or deficits in strength fail appropriate nonsurgical treatment.
Volcanic Eruptions as a Threat to Public Security
Authors: Urbanek Andrzej
Published: May 2020

Public security is nowadays considered to be a key area of national security. Its main objective is to protect the population from the effects of various types of threats that may appear on the territory of Poland, but also beyond its borders. Such threats include undoubtedly volcanic eruptions. In this article, the author makes an attempt to analyse the above phenomenon from the perspective of direct and indirect threats it poses to public security. The author included in it: the definition and basic types of volcanoes, the characteristics of volcanic eruptions and their consequences, as well as the characteristics of volcanic threats in Poland. The article ends with the author’s summary and conclusions in which the author refers to the impact of volcanic threats on public security.
Global Trend of Glass Bonding for Appliance Industry Assemblies
Authors: Woo Chulsoo , Liang Bin , Oh Jonghyuk
Published: May 2020

Due to the ever-increasing need for production efficiency and reliability as well as cost saving, assembly industries have been looking for a better solution compared to current methodologies. It is critically important to know that there is a solution this industry had not paid much attention and can benefit a lot due to not only historical reason but also limited knowledge management or awareness. This chapter examines and qualifies the effect of a couple of special adhesive bonding solutions on various glass plate bonding applications at appliance industry using a total solution such as dispensing system and robot. The result clearly shows its benefit over current methodologies, and also as industry trend moves toward more exterior decoration for high-end image products, this chapter should contribute on glass bonding industry not only for faster production, better efficiency, less production space, and better reliability but also for lower manufacturing cost using special adhesive bonding solutions.
Immune Dysfunction and Antiretroviral Therapy Challenges in Children and Adolescents Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Said Mirvat , W. Bartlett Adam
Published: May 2020

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results in progressive decline in immune function ultimately leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) characterised by increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignancies. In addition, it causes immune dysfunction, which manifests as a persistent inflammatory state due to dysregulation of cytokine production. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) not only improves immune function but also mitigates systemic immune activation associated with disease progression. Early initiation of ART in children living with HIV has led to a growing cohort surviving into adolescence and beyond. As such, they will experience lifelong exposure to an array of physiologic processes associated with systemic infection, immune dysfunction and antiretroviral medications. This leaves them not only susceptible to a range of morbidities associated with chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and drug toxicity but also vulnerable to treatment fatigue leading to issues with treatment adherence and engagement in care. Children experience additional barriers to maintaining suppressive ART due to limited paediatric-friendly formulations that are palatable and contribute to regimen complexity. Tolerability and durability of long-term ART are integral in optimising outcomes for children and adolescents living with HIV and maximising viability of future ART regimens throughout adulthood.
Theranostics: New Era in Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmaceuticals
Authors: Deep Kaur Chanchal , Kumar Mishra Koushlesh , Sahu Anil , Panik Rajnikant , Kashyap Pankaj , Prasad Mishra Saraswati , Kumar Anand
Published: May 2020

Malignancy and many inflammatory diseases have become a major concern for mankind over the years. The conventional therapy of these diseases lacks the effectiveness of the better diagnosis and targeted treatment of these diseases, but nuclear medicine can be regarded as a savior in the current scenario. Over the years, radioactivity of radioisotopes has been employed for treatment of many diseases. Nuclear medicines came up with radiopharmaceuticals that impart the ability to destroy specific diseased cells with high-energy-emitting radionuclides. Moreover, the emergence of theranostics, which is a combination of single drug used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purpose, has added a new feather in the field of nuclear medicines for providing a specific and personalized treatment to the patient. The current chapter discusses about techniques used for imaging of these radionuclides for better therapy and diagnosis of the root cause of the concerned disease by positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with them. It also describes about applications of theranostics and nuclear imaging in cancer treatment and their future perspective.
Inherited Ventricular Arrhythmias, the Channelopathies and SCD; Current Knowledge and Future Speculation – Epidemiology and Basic Electrophysiology
Authors: Abdulrhman Al Abdulgader Abdullah
Published: May 2020

This chapter represents advanced scientific exploration in the different disciplines of SCD and channelopathy. Epidemiology of SCD and channelopathy is given special attention. The essence of detailed electrophysiological bases of the different diseases of channelopathies and the diverse cellular pathways mandated detailed discussion that can open the closed doors that we faced to the next generation(s). Special sections have been devoted to spatial as well as temporal heterogeneity of the cardiac action potential. Genetic heterogeneity and allelic heterogeneity are two prominent findings of channelopathies that confirm the fact of the major overlap in the field. The way we present the clinical findings is a true call for the next generation(s) of clinicians and researchers to revolutionize the field in the near future. Detailed management plans based on the up to date basic sciences findings for the different channelopathies give better therapeutic options for the clinicians in the field. Unique to this chapter is the new directions to look for channelopathies beyond the human body. The new understanding of the psychophysiological well-being of HRV and the sympathovagal balance extending to cosmic resonances and its possible effect on cardiac ion channels carries new era of promising preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic options.
Pathways to Retirement in Taiwan: Do Ethnicity and Cohort Matter?
Authors: Huang Fang-Yi , Ardelt Monika
Published: May 2020

Studies about retirement often neglect ethnic identity. This research utilized the “Taiwan Longitudinal Study in Aging” data from 1989 to 1996 when political and social changes in the country occurred to examine the influence of ethnicity (dominant Mainlanders versus Southern Min, Hakka, and various indigenous people) on Taiwanese men’s working status at age 60 and above. We asked three questions: (1) Are Mainlanders more likely to retire earlier than non-Mainlanders? (2) Does working in the public versus the private sector affect the age of retirement and does this differ by ethnicity? (3)What factors determine retirement ages of two cohorts? Using chi-square and t-tests, results of a comparison of two cohorts (n = 1254 and n = 526 for the 1989 and 1996 cohorts, respectively) showed that being a Mainlander, being unmarried, older age, self-reported poor health, and functional limitation were associated with a higher likelihood of earlier retirement. In logistic regression models, public sector work mediated and moderated the effect of ethnicity on the likelihood of earlier retirement only in the older cohort, where Mainlander public sector workers had the greatest likelihood of earlier retirement, indicating that the incentive structure of public pensions contributes to earlier retirement. The results are consistent with cumulative advantage theory. To delay the retirement age for public sector workers, policymakers could reduce public pension incentives.
Owning Attention: Applying Human Factors Principles to Support Clinical Decision Support
Authors: Littlejohn Robin , Romero Barrientos Ronald , Boxley Christian , Miller Kristen
Published: May 2020

In the best examples, clinical decision support (CDS) systems guide clinician decision-making and actions, prevent errors, improve quality, reduce costs, save time, and promote the use of evidence-based recommendations. However, the potential solution that CDS represents are limited by problems associated with improper design, implementation, and local customization. Despite an emphasis on electronic health record usability, little progress has been made to protect end-users from inadequately designed workflows and unnecessary interruptions. Intelligent and personalized design creates an opportunity to tailor CDS not just at the patient level but specific to the disease condition, provider experience, and available resources at the healthcare system level. This chapter leverages the Five Rights of CDS framework to demonstrate the application of human factors engineering principles and emerging trends to optimize data analytics, usability, workflow, and design.
« Jusqu’à ce que nous soyons toutes libres » : la militance « sentipensée » des féministes agroécologiques brésiliennes contre les violences agrocapitalistes1
Authors: Prévost Héloïse
Published: May 2020

L’auteure s’intéresse aux mobilisations féministes agroécologiques au Brésil à partir des conceptualisations du « sentipenser » et ducorazonar. Le lien à la Terre et la fusion entre émotions et analyse politique sont analysés par l’étude des supports militants (mística, chants, poèmes, slogans) et des entretiens avec des militantes rurales. La compréhension de cette sentipensée éclaire les différents enjeux des violences. Une analyse de la violence de genre est proposée, appréhendée comme stratégie de l’agrocapital. La violence conjugale socioenvironnementale et les « féminicides agrocapitalistes » font partie de ce que l’auteure nomme une « nécropolitique agrocapitaliste ». Les stratégies collectives de dépassement privilégiées par les militantes favorisent une affirmation de la force et une continuité de la lutte et de la vie.
Des carrières féministes : devenir et rester féministeen travaillant au Planning familial
Authors: Romerio Alice
Published: May 2020

L’auteure étudie les processus de politisation et de socialisation au féminisme dans une association du Planning familial en France, qui se caractérise par le recours au salariat ainsi que par la défense de savoirs et de savoir-faire professionnels. Alors que la majorité des salariées ne sont pas entrées au Planning familial pour défendre la cause des femmes, l’enquête montre comment elles développent une grille d’analyse féministe du monde social en travaillant. L’auteure analyse le façonnage des carrières féministes au Planning familial, en examinant successivement les processus d’entrée dans l’association à l’étude des travailleuses féministes, leur socialisation féministe dans cette association et le maintien de leur engagement.
Quand la recherche-action-médiation édifie des espacesde solidarité féministes Nords-Suds
Authors: Doré Chantal , Vatz Laaroussi Michèle , Martineau Myriame , Kremer Liliana
Published: May 2020

L’article illustre la construction d’une mobilisation et d’une solidarité internationales liées aux préoccupations et aux luttes féministes de femmes dans une douzaine de pays des Nords et des Suds, de 2015 à 2018, à partir d’un projet de recherche-action-médiation intitulé « Femmes et féminismes en dialogue ». Les auteures proposent une analyse réflexive sur ce processus de recherche, processus pour lequel elles se sont inspirées des perspectives intersectionnelle, interculturelle et narrative avec un accent sur l’expression artistique. Il en résulte, d’une part, le tissage de solides réseaux féministes transnationaux et interculturels et, d’autre part, l’expérimentation d’une démarche méthodologique originale de recherche-actionmédiation ouvrant des perspectives d’intervention et de médiations interculturelles porteuses de changement social.
Origin identification of migratory pests (European Starling) using geochemical fingerprinting
Authors: Khatri-Chhetri Upama , Woods John G. , Walker Ian R. , Curtis P. Jeff
Published: May 2020

The European Starling (Sturnidae: Sturnus vulgaris L.) is an invasive bird in North America where it is an agricultural pest. In British Columbia (Canada), the starling population increases in orchards and vineyards in autumn, where they consume and damage ripening fruits. Starlings also cause damage in dairy farms and feedlots by consuming and contaminating food and spreading diseases. Damage can be partly mitigated by the use of scare devices, which can disperse flocks until they become habituated. Large-scale trapping and euthanizing before starlings move to fields and farms could be a practical means of preventing damage, but requires knowledge of natal origin. Within a small (20,831 km2), agriculturally significant portion of south-central British Columbia, the Okanagan-Similkameen region, we used 21 trace elements in bone tissue to discriminate the spatial distribution of juvenile starlings and to reveal the geographic origin of the problem birds in fall. Stepwise discriminant analysis of trace elements classified juveniles to their natal origin (minimum discrimination distance of 12 km) with 79% accuracy. In vineyards and orchards, the majority (55%) of problem birds derive from northern portions of the valley; and the remaining 45% of problem birds were a mixture of local and immigrant/unassigned birds. In contrast, problem birds in dairy farms and feedlots were largely immigrants/unassigned (89%) and 11% were local from northern region of the valley. Moreover, elemental signatures can separate starling populations in the Valley yielding a promising tool for identifying the geographic origin of these migratory birds.
Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and Associated Factors among New Born Babies in Ataye Primary Hospital, North Shoa, Ethiopia, 2018
Authors: Dilnessa Tenagnework , Belete Ewnetu , Tefera Mitiku
Published: May 2020

Background: Birth weight is an important indicator of health status of  an  infant  and  is  a  principal  factor  that  determines  the  infant‘s,  physical, survival  and  mental  growth. Though efforts made in reducing incidences of low birth weight worldwide, the problem of low birth weight remains global health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia.

Objective: To determine prevalence of Low Birth Weight and associated factor, among the neonates born in Ataye primary hospital from June 1, 2017 GC- May 30, 2018 G.C.

Methods: A facility based cross sectional study was carried out on birth weight distribution. Data was collected from delivery registration book of obstetrics department and Medical records of the mother by using structured data collection format. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed. Adjusted odd ratio with 95% CI was calculated to see strength of association and P<0.05 was taken as level of statistical significance.

Results: Total of 181 mothers Medical records and delivery registration book were reviewed. The magnitude of low birth weight among new born babies in Ataye primary Hospital was 6.1%. Lack of Ante natal care follow up (AOR = 1.6 (95% CI =1.776, 9.48)), Preterm birth (AOR = 0.79(95% +CI = 0.034-0.78)), female sex (AOR=1.1(0.004-0.297)) and Multiple gestation (AOR=1.65(95% CI 0.001-0.426)) were identified factors of low birth weight.

Conclusion: Prevalence of low birth weight was lower than that of countrywide figure. Lack of Antenatal care follow up, preterm birth, sex of the neonate and multiple gestations were significantly associated with low birth weight.
Evaluation of Growth Performance of Physic Nut (Jatropha curcas) Seedlings on Different Soils in the Northern Guinea Savanna Agrological Zone of Nigeria
Authors: Sodimu A. I. , Lapkat G. L. , Oladele N. O. , Osunsina O. , Suleiman R. , Awobona T. A.
Published: May 2020

The preliminary study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance of Jatropha curcas seedlings on different soils at the nursery of the Federal College of Forestry Mechanization Afaka, Kaduna. Farm land soil, forest soil and granulated iron stone soil were sourced within the college premises and FRIN/JICA plantation. Jatropha curcas seedlings were sown on the different soils and each was replicated eight (8) times. The experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Growth parameters were collected forth nightly and was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results revealed that there are significant (P>0.05) difference in the height, stem diameter and number of leaf among the three different soil for the growth assessment. The growth rate recorded from the farm land soil are statistical higher (P>0.05) in leaf width, plant height and stem diameter than the other two soil while the growth parameters assessed were significantly lower (P>0.05) in iron stone soil and forest soil. It is recommended based on the parameters assessed that soil from the farmland gives the best result for raising and nurturing of J. curcas in the nursery without addition of any plant nutrient media.
Effect of Seed Priming Practices on Dry Matter Production, Yield and Yield Attributes of Aerobic Rice in Coastal Deltaic Region of Karaiakal
Authors: Pazhanisamy S. , Narayanan Al. , Sridevi V. , Singh Abhinandan , Singh Amit Kumar
Published: May 2020

A field experiment was conducted at Karaikal “the tail end of Cauvery Delta Zone” during Navarai season, 2017 (spring) to identify the optimum dates of sowing and seed priming practices on dry matter production (DMP), yield and yield attributes under aerobic rice condition. The treatment variables were replicated thrice and further evaluated in factorial concept of RBD. The treatments consisted of three dates of sowing by weekly interval (started from Feb. 6, 2017) and five seed priming practices viz., water, 1% KCl, 2% moringa leaf extract, 1% pungam leaf extract and 5% cow dung slurry. Considering the seed priming practices, dry matter production, yield and yield attributes of aerobic rice were higher in seed primed with 2% moringa leaf extract which ultimately produced higher grain yield (2256 kg ha-1) followed by the seeds primed with 5% cow dung slurry (1945.1 kg ha-1) and 1% pungam leaf extract (1912.3 kg ha-1), respectively. From the study, it has proved that seed priming @ 2% moringa leaf extract provides higher productivity of aerobic rice during Navarai season at Karaikal.
Physiological and Molecular-genetic Characteristic of Bacteria Strains, Isolated from Mountain Spring and Mineral Waters in Plovdiv Region, Bulgaria
Authors: Valcheva Nedyalka , Ignatov Ignat , Mihaylova Sashka
Published: May 2020

The present study aims to investigate the microbiological research of mineral and spring mountain waters in the region of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. In Bulgaria, there are mineral and mountain spring waters, which are not subjected to physicochemical and microbiological control by the Regional Health Inspectorate, yet they are the most widely used springs by the population as sources of drinking water. The methodology is including the determination of total number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. The results showed 11 rod shaped, Gram–positive and spore forming bacteria and 2 rod shaped, Gram–negative non-spore forming bacteria are isolated from spring and healing waters. The colonial and physiological characteristics of the isolated strains are defined. The biochemical profiles of the selected bacteria are determined with the system for rapid identification API 50 CH. The strains are identified by software processing of the obtained biochemical profiles with apiweb®. Furthermore, the tested strains are genetically identified by molecular-genetic methods – ARDRA analysis and sequencing of the gene for the 16S rRNA. The results obtained from the biochemical and molecular-genetic studies indicate that the selected strains belong to different species of genus Bacillus, Aeromonas, Klebsiella.

The identification strains support for registration of water sources in Plovdiv region, Bulgaria according Decree No. 9.
Advancement in CMS Based Hybrid Development in Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis)
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Anjani , Roy Chandan
Published: May 2020

Among the different mechanism of male sterility operated in the Brassica group crop. Cytoplasmic male sterility mechanism is most suitable for hybrid development in cauliflower because here the curd (intermediate stage) is an edible part of the cauliflower. Further, there is no requirement of restorer line in this case as required in other seed crop. For the multiplication and maintenance of the different lines (A line and B line), sib mating and selfing is not always desirable. In fact, in such situation doubled haploid production through microspore culture is a more appropriate mechanism. Apart from this, the undesirable effect of integration of male sterile cytoplasm can be mitigated by adopting the repeated back crossing, through chloroplast substitution or somatic hybridization mechanism.
Utilisation of an Intervention to Support Students on the Autism Spectrum: Examining Teachers' Responses to Finished! The On-task Toolkit.
Authors: MacDonald Libby , Trembath David , Ashburner Jill , Costley Debra , Haas Kaaren , Keen Deb
Published: May 2020

A number of studies have demonstrated visual schedules and work systems to be effective in assisting students on the autism spectrum to stay on task and work independently. However, evidence of effectiveness does not ensure a timely implementation of interventions in applied educational contexts. The translatability of interventions depends, to a large extent, on their contextual fit and how they are perceived by those that will use them. This mixed methods study examined general education teachers' responses to an information toolkit outlining the use of visual schedules and work systems as inclusive, whole-class practices. While teachers regarded the toolkit positively, their responses also offer insights into potential barriers to implementation.
The embodiment of value: C. S. Sherrington and the cultivation of science
Authors: SMITH ROGER
Published: July 2002

The paper examines the reputation of C. S. Sherrington as both eminent physiologist
and eminent representative of scientific culture. It describes Sherrington's ‘figurehead’ status. In
his career, research and personal manner, he embodied a life of science, not only not in opposition
to humanistic values but in fact appearing to be the highest achievement of those values. An
analysis of Sherrington's research, of his lectures on Man on His Nature and of his poetry
supports this account. The paper uses Sherrington's reputation to describe the values of an
establishment group of English-speaking scientists and physicians in the 1930s and 1940s.
Determinants of Sustainability of a Colombian Hillside Farm
Authors: HANSEN J. W. , KNAPP E. B. , JONES J. W.
Published: July 2002

This study applies systems simulation to characterize determinants of sustainability of a hillside farm in the upper Cauca River watershed of Colombia. A farm model linked to process-level crop models was used to simulate a set of farm scenarios. Susta
inability, expressed as the probability of farm continuation, was estimated for each scenario based on replicated simulation with stochastic weather and price inputs. Hypotheses about determinants of sustainability were tested by sensitivity analysis. Res
ults identify cropping system, area under cultivation, consumption requirements and crop prices as important determinants of sustainability. The study highlights the impacts of price variability and spatial diversification on farm risk and the results sug
gest ways to enhance the sustainability of the farm. The methodology was useful for integrating the diverse biophysical and economic factors that affect farm sustainability.
Erratum
Authors: BURGESS P. J. , CARR M. V.
Published: July 2002

Experimental Agriculture (1997), 33, 367–383.

An incorrect version of Fig. 1(b) was published on page 373 of the above mentioned paper. The correct version appears below. The publisher apologises for this error.
Effects of leptin administration on long-term selected fat mice
Authors: BÜNGER LUTZ , HILL WILLIAM G.
Published: July 2002

To assess the role of genetic changes in sensitivity to leptin

hormone in contributing to responses

to long-term selection for fatness, leptin was administered to a long-term

fat selected (F) and a

control line (C) of mice. These lines differ almost three fold in their

percentage of fat (fat%) at

about 15 weeks of age. Treated (T) animals received twice-daily

intraperitoneal injections of

5 mg/kg leptin from 91 to 105 days of age; untreated (U) animals

received equivolume injections

of phosphate-buffered saline. Treated compared with untreated animals

in both lines had

significantly (P<0·05) lower mean body weight,

food intake and fatness at the end of test (fat%:

CT 3%, CU 7·4%, FT 14·9%, FU21·1%). The

differences in response between the lines

[(CT−CU)−(FT−FU)] were all non-significant

(P>0·05), however. There was a very wide range

of fatness (estimated from dry matter content) among FT animals

(3–29%), much higher than in

FU (15–31%), CT (0·7–6·4%) and CU

(2–15%) animals. While sensitivity to leptin remains in the

fat line, response appears to vary among animals at the dose level used.
Pleiotropy of adaptive changes in populations:
comparisons among insecticide resistance genes in
Culex pipiens
Authors: CHEVILLON CHRISTINE , BOURGUET DENIS , ROUSSET FRANÇOIS , PASTEUR NICOLE , RAYMOND MICHEL
Published: July 2002

Resistance to toxicants is a convenient model
for investigating whether adaptive changes are
associated with pleiotropic fitness costs. Despite the
voluminous literature devoted to this subject,
intraspecific comparisons among toxicant resistance genes
are rare. We report here results on the
pleiotropic effect on adult survival of Culex pipiens
mutants involved in the same adaptation: the
resistance to organophosphorus insecticides. This field
study was performed in southern France
where four resistance genes sequentially appeared and
increased in frequency in response to intense
insecticide control. By repeated sampling of overwintering
females through winter, we analysed the
impact of each of three resistance genes on adult survival.
We showed that (i) the most recent gene
seems to be of no disadvantage during winter, (ii) the
oldest affects survival in some environmental
conditions, and (iii) the third induces a constant, severe
and dominant survival cost. Such
variability is discussed in relation to the physiological
changes involved in resistance.
A comparison of bootstrap methods to construct confidence
intervals in QTL mapping
Authors: WALLING GRANT A. , VISSCHER PETER M. , HALEY CHRIS S.
Published: July 2002

The determination of empirical confidence intervals for the
location of quantitative trait loci
(QTLs) by interval mapping was investigated using simulation. Confidence
intervals were created
using a non-parametric (resampling method) and parametric (resimulation
method) bootstrap for a
backcross population derived from inbred lines. QTLs explaining 1%, 5%
and 10% of the
phenotypic variance were tested in populations of 200 or 500 individuals.
Results from the two
methods were compared at all locations along one half of the chromosome.
The non-parametric
bootstrap produced results close to expectation at all non-marker locations,
but confidence
intervals when the QTL was located at the marker were conservative. The
parametric method
performed poorly; results varied from conservative confidence intervals
at the location of the
marker, to anti-conservative intervals midway between markers. The results
were shown to be
influenced by a bias in the mapping procedure and by the accumulation of
type 1 errors at the
location of the markers. The parametric bootstrap is not a suitable method
for constructing
confidence intervals in QTL mapping. The confidence intervals from the
non-parametric bootstrap
are accurate and suitable for practical use.
Pervasive effects of P element mutagenesis on body size in

Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: CURRIE DOROTHY B. , MACKAY TRUDY F. C. , PARTRIDGE LINDA
Published: July 2002

A set of Drosophila melanogaster was generated,
all derived from a common isogenic base stock
and each with a single new P element insert on the
second or third chromosome. The lines were
scored for their body size, measured as thorax length. P
inserts were associated with highly
significant effects on body size, although the genotypes of the construct
and of the control
prevented deduction of the direction of mutant effects. In
addition to mutant effects on the thorax
length of both sexes, there were also highly significant sex-specific
effects. Pleiotropic effects of
inserts affecting body size on viability and bristle number, as
ascertained in a separate study of
these lines (Lyman et al., 1996), were weak. Insertional
mutagenesis is potentially a powerful tool
for investigating the genes involved in size-control in Drosophila,

but the technique requires fine
tuning for use on polygenic and fitness-related traits.