bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Um breve histórico sobre os estudos da semiologia gráfica no Brasil
Authors: Prado Rosolém Nathália
Published: July 2018

A Semiologia Gráfica, criada no final da década de 1960 na França, chega ao Brasil somente nos anos de 1980, a partir de publicações de artigos em periódicos de circulação nacional, com a tradução das obras de Bertin e de outros pesquisadores desta teoria, como Serge Bonin e Roberto Gimeno. Durante os trinta e sete anos de Semiologia no Brasil, esta corrente embasou diversos trabalhos científicos como dissertações e teses, que a utilizaram como metodologia de ensino em Geografia e orientação para confecção de mapas temáticos. Sendo assim, busca-se, por meio deste breve resgate histórico, expor os estudos da Semiologia Gráfica realizados no Brasil entre o período de 1980 a 2015, com destaque aos principais pesquisadores e suas obras, que contribuíram para a disseminação e consolidação desta teoria como metodologia de ensino e pesquisa na Cartografia brasileira.
Novo mapa do emprego industrial no Brasil: mesorregiões geográficas relevantes
Authors: Bragueto Claudio Roberto , Dos Santos Marque Ana Carolina
Published: July 2018

Muito embora na organização econômico-social atual haja um destaque considerável para a esfera da gestão, da circulação e do consumo, a indústria continua sendo importante na geração da riqueza social. Em geral há, por parte dos gestores públicos, uma preocupação no sentido de atrair investimentos para os territórios. Portanto, além de impactos socioeconômicos, a industrialização trás consequências importantes na produção do espaço. Nesse contexto, a partir de meados dos anos de 1990, muitos autores passaram a defender a tese de que há uma retomada da desconcentração industrial no Brasil. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar o processo de desconcentração do pessoal ocupado na indústria, tendo como recorte temporal o período de 1995 a 2015. O recorte espacial utilizado foi as mesorregiões geográficas estabelecidas pelo IBGE. Como procedimento operacional utilizou-se informações do banco de dados do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego-RAIS (Relação Anual de Informações Sociais) e mapeamento das mesorregiões geográficas conforme o pessoal ocupado na indústria. A principal conclusão foi que houve no período uma desconcentração do pessoal ocupado na indústria, porém trata-se de uma desconcentração concentrada, pois as mesorregiões de maior crescimento estão, em sua grande maioria, localizadas no Centro-Sul do país.
Classification tree for the prediction of malignant disease and the prediction of non-diagnostic biopsies in patients with small renal masses
Authors: Organ Michael , MacDonald Landan P. , Jewett Michael A.S. , Ajzenberg Henry , Almatar Ashraf , Abdolell Mohamed , Acker Matthew R. , Rendon Ricardo
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Preoperative prediction of benign vs. malignant small renal masses (SRMs) remains a challenge. This study: 1) validates our previously published classification tree (CT) with an external cohort; 2) creates a new CT with the combined cohort; and 3) evaluates the RENAL and PADUA scoring systems for prediction of malignancy.

Methods: This study includes a total of 818 patients with renal masses; 395 underwent surgical resection and 423 underwent biopsy. A CT to predict benign disease was developed using patient and tumour characteristics from the 709 eligible participants. Our CT is based on four parameters: tumour volume, symptoms, gender, and symptomatology. CART modelling was also used to determine if RENAL and PADUA scoring could predict malignancy.

Results: When externally validated with the surgical cohort, the predictive accuracy of the old CT dropped. However, by combining the cohorts and creating a new CT, the predictive accuracy increased from 74% to 87% (95% confidence interval 0.84–0.89). RENAL and PADUA score alone were not predictive of malignancy. One limitation was the lack of available histological data from the biopsy series.

Conclusions: The validated old CT and new combined-cohort CT have a predictive value greater than currently published nomograms and single-biopsy cohorts. Overall, RENAL and PADUA scores were not able to predict malignancy.
Drivers and Consequences of Recurrent Conflicts between Farmers and Pastoralists in Kilosa and Mvomero Districts, Tanzania
Authors: Falanta Emmanuel , Bengesi Kenneth
Published: July 2018

Recurrent conflicts between farmers and pastoralists have brought significant impacts on both groups. In response to this situation, the government and other actors have taken several measures to mitigate such conflicts with little success. This paper examined drivers and consequences of recurrent conflicts between farmers and pastoralists in Kilosa and Mvomero districts. Covering a sample size of 203 respondents, data was collected using interview, documentary review, and focus group discussions. Collected data was analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The findings revealed that weak governance structures associated with unethical behavior, regulatory deficiencies, socio-economic and environmental factors are responsible for the recurrence of conflicts between farmers and pastoralists. Consequently, the recurrent conflicts have resulted into major socio-economic impact that includes loss of lives and properties to both farmers and pastoralists. Drawing from conflict and conflict resolution theories, which advocates use of coercive power and participatory approaches to restore peace, respectively; this paper conclude that no single strategy fits all conflicts given the complexity in which such conflicts occurs. In the light of the results this paper recommends that the effective way to address farmers-pastoralists conflicts; actors should use both lenses of coercive and participatory approaches and the choice of appropriate strategy will depends on the context since no single approach fits all types of conflicts...
Risico’s rondom de eindovereenkomst bij mediation in strafzaken
Authors: Dierx Janny , Panis Marlène
Published: July 2018

Exploring the risks surrounding final party-agreements in penal mediations – About juridification, conflicts of interests and the need to manage expectations

Penal mediation is currently gaining ground within the Dutch criminal law system. The practice of penal mediation is still young, however, and therefore vulnerable. Common criminal practice as well as legislation are not yet thoroughly compatible with practicing penal mediation. The authors of this contribution explore some of the dangers mediators in penal cases face while drafting party-agreements that are to be taken into consideration by the judicial authorities.

The article identifies the responsibilities of penal mediators who at the same time serve the interests of victims and offenders as well as take into account expectations judicial authorities might have. The responsibility of penal mediators is especially delicate whenever mediation parties seek to influence the outcome of the criminal lawsuit through mediation. Criminal law is a highly-regulated field, which – albeit unconsciously – seduces the mediator his- or herself to lose track of the main restorative goals of the mediation process. The authors point out some of the traps penal mediators can and should avoid. The article for instance elaborates the inadequacy of current Dutch regulations to arrange financial compensations and damages through penal mediation. Also, the article enumerates examples of over-juridification as well as the lacking of it. Furthermore, avoidable pitfalls such as McDonald-icing of penal mediation, the uselessness of so-called sunny-weather-vouchers, the dangers of copy-paste-agreements and – the worst – putting the height of their own – currently fixed – fees above party interests, are being addressed.
History of liver transplantation in Poland
Authors: Krawczyk Marek
Published: July 2018

Experimental research on liver transplantation was introduced in Poland by Waldemar Olszewski with his team. It was in 1972. Not until 15 years later, in 1987, did Stanisław Zieliński in Szczecin and Marian Pardela in Katowice make an attempt of transplanting liver in humans. In 1989, the attempt was made by Jacek Pawlak and Marek Krawczyk in Warsaw. The first successful liver transplantation in Poland was performed by Piotr Kaliciński at the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw. Also, in early 1990s the attempts were made by Jerzy Polański in Warsaw and Piotr Szyber in Wrocław. In the next years, liver transplantations were connected with three centers in Szczecin and were associated with the following persons: Roman Kostryka, Maciej Wójcicki and Samir Zeaira. In Warsaw, 1994, Jacek Pawlak, Bogdan Michałowicz and Krzysztof Zieniewicz performed another successful liver transplantation. The program started to develop rapidly and is still up and running. In 2000, Wojciech Rowiński and Marek Pacholczyk created another liver transplant center in Warsaw, while in 2005 Lech Cierpka and Robert Król did the same in Katowice. In the following years, liver transplantation was initiated by Maciej Słupski in Bydgoszcz (2017) and Zbigniew Śledziński in Gdańsk (2018).
In the developing liver transplant centers, an exceptional contribution was made by Paweł Nyckowski, Jacek Pawlak, Krzysztof Zieniewicz, Waldemar Patkowski, Tadeusz Wróblewski, Rafał Paluszkiewicz, Marek Pacholczyk, Andrzej Chmura, Maciej Kosieradzki and Marek Krawczyk – all employees of the Medical University of Warsaw. In Wrocław, Dariusz Patrzałek and Paweł Chudoba were very active in the field of liver transplantations.
In 1996, the Organizing-Coordinating Center for Transplantation POLTRANSPLANT was brought to life. It was directed by Janusz Wałaszewski, then by Roman Danielewicz and Artur Kamiński. In 1999, Piotr Kaliciński and Marek Krawczyk started the program for liver fragment harvesting and transplantation from living donors.
Until the end of 2016, 4186 liver transplantations including 314 liver transplants from living donors were performed in Poland. Currently, the active centers are three centers from Warsaw, namely Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation Surgery, Children’s Memorial Health Institute; Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw; Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw. Other active centers include Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Provincial Hospital in Szczecin, Department of General, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Department of Vascular, General and Transplant Surgery in Wrocław. Liver transplant programs have also been initiated at the Department of Liver and General Surgery, Bydgoszcz, and Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk.
Czech Bluegrass
Authors: Bidgood Lee
Published: July 2018

Bluegrass music has taken root all over the world but thrives in unique ways in the Czech Republic. Ethnomusicologist and bluegrass musician Lee Bidgood writes about what it is like to live and work playing bluegrass in the heart of Europe. The chapters trace Bidgood's engagement with Czech bluegrassers, their processes of learning, barriers to understanding, and the joys and successes that they find in making bluegrass their own. After providing a general cultural and historical background, a set of case studies convey ethnographic detail from Bidgood's participatory observational research: with a Czech band as they work abroad in Europe; with banjo makers seeking an international market; with fiddlers wrestling with technical, social, and aesthetic hurdles; with a non-Christian seeking to truthfully sing gospel songs. Bidgood's analysis of songs, sounds, places, and speech provide insights into how Czech bluegrassers negotiate the Americanness and Czechness of their musical projects. This study poses bluegrass not as a restrictive set of repertoire or techniques, but as a form of sociality, a discourse with local and global resonances—and in its Czech form it is clearly a practice of in-betweenness that defies categorization, challenging narratives that limit music to a certain time, place, or people. Includes orientation notes on language, and a glossary of Czech terms.
Plasma Cell Granuloma of the Thyroid: Review of an Uncommon Entity
Authors: Patil Pallavi A. , DeLellis Ronald A.
Published: July 2018

Plasma cell granuloma (PCG) is characterized by proliferation of polyclonal plasma cells with associated fibrosis and is often considered part of the heterogeneous group of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). The thyroid is rarely affected by PCG. A patient having PCG associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) prompted our literature search that revealed 18 cases of PCG, 55% (n = 10) of which occurred together with HT. The etiopathogenesis of PCG is unknown and there is no specific treatment except surgical excision for compressive symptoms. This entity has an excellent prognosis with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Lesions of the thyroid with infiltrating plasma cells include HT, fibrous variant of HT, plasmacytoma, plasma cell myeloma, Riedel thyroiditis, IgG4 (immunoglobulin G4)-related disease, IMT, and PCG. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor has ALK gene rearrangements and is considered a neoplasm as opposed to PCG, which is a reactive polyclonal plasma cell proliferation. We believe IMT and PCG are distinct entities and consensus definitions are required for avoiding confusion in the literature.
Morphometric Study of Pulmonary Arterial Changes in Pulmonary Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
Authors: Bois Melanie C. , May Adam M. , Vassallo Robert , Jenkins Sarah M. , Yi Eunhee S. , Roden Anja C.
Published: July 2018

Context.—

Pulmonary hypertension (PHT) is a complication of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH); however, the pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Few studies have evaluated histopathologic changes in pulmonary arteries (PAs) of patients with PLCH; systematic quantification of arterial remodeling has yet to be undertaken.

Objective.—

To quantify the extent of arterial remodeling among patients with PLCH through morphometry and to correlate these results with pertinent clinical parameters.

Design.—

Patients with PLCH were identified from institutional files (1995–2015) along with age-, sex-, and smoking status–matched controls. Morphometric analysis of intimal and medial thickness of small to medium PAs was performed in patients with PLCH (within PLCH lesions [lesional] and away from PLCH lesions [nonlesional]) and controls. Paired measures were compared with Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

Results.—

Twenty-five patients with PLCH (14 men: median age, 46 years; interquartile range, 37–55 years) and 25 controls were included. The lesional arteries of patients with PLCH demonstrated thicker PA intima and media than controls (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively), as did PLCH nonlesional arteries compared to controls (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). The PA intima and media were thicker within the PLCH lesions than nonlesional arteries (P = .02 and P = .002, respectively). Patients with PLCH-related PHT had a worse prognosis than those without PHT (P = .04; hazard ratio, 4.5 [1.1, 22.2]). Echocardiography parameters including right atrial size (P = .007), estimated right atrial pressure (P = .01), and right ventricular systolic pressure (P = .01) were inversely associated with survival.

Conclusions.—

Our findings suggest that factors other than direct vascular obstruction or inflammatory cell infiltration contribute, at least in part, to the vascular remodeling in PLCH.
Agences de conseil en vote : réflexion comparative et critique sur leur encadrement réglementaire
Authors: Tchotourian Ivan , LeBel Anne Shirley , Paradis Francis
Published: July 2018

Les agences de conseil en vote (proxy advisors) sont aujourd’hui des acteurs incontournables de la gouvernance d’entreprise. Leur rôle est devenu crucial dans les votes qui ont lieu lors des assemblées annuelles des entreprises cotées sur les grandes places financières. Du fait de l’internationalisation de l’actionnariat et de la place qu’occupent les investisseurs institutionnels dans le capital des entreprises, les agences de conseil en vote offrent des services utiles dans le domaine de l’exercice du droit de vote. Elles facilitent la participation des investisseurs institutionnels dans la gouvernance et donnent à la démocratie actionnariale un moyen d’exister. Cependant, le rôle des agences de conseil en vote donne également lieu à des controverses. Divers reproches leur ont été faits, qui ont justifié l’intervention des régulateurs canadiens, états-uniens et européens, ces dernières années. À l’heure où un encadrement souple, basé sur des principes, semble faire l’unanimité, le présent article revient sur ce choix de politique législative (notamment au Canada) et discute de sa pertinence au regard de l’influence qu’exercent les agences de conseil en vote et des enjeux considérables que leur intervention soulève.
The dual role of chloride in synaptic vesicle glutamate transport
Authors: Chang Roger , Eriksen Jacob , Edwards Robert H
Published: July 2018

The transport of glutamate into synaptic vesicles exhibits an unusual form of regulation by Cl- as well as an associated Cl- conductance. To distinguish direct effects of Cl- on the transporter from indirect effects via the driving force Δψ, we used whole endosome recording and report the first currents due to glutamate flux by the vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Chloride allosterically activates the VGLUTs from both sides of the membrane, and we find that neutralization of an arginine in transmembrane domain four suffices for the lumenal activation. The dose dependence suggests that Cl- permeates through a channel and glutamate through a transporter. Competition between the anions nonetheless indicates that they use a similar permeation pathway. By controlling both ionic gradients and Δψ, endosome recording isolates different steps in the process of synaptic vesicle filling, suggesting distinct roles for Cl- in both allosteric activation and permeation.
Antibiotic-induced acceleration of type 1 diabetes alters maturation of innate intestinal immunity
Authors: Zhang Xue-Song , Li Jackie , Krautkramer Kimberly A , Badri Michelle , Battaglia Thomas , Borbet Timothy C , Koh Hyunwook , Ng Sandy , Sibley Rachel A , Li Yuanyuan , Pathmasiri Wimal , Jindal Shawn , Shields-Cutler Robin R , Hillmann Ben , Al-Ghalith Gabriel A , Ruiz Victoria E , Livanos Alexandra , van ‘t Wout Angélique B , Nagalingam Nabeetha , Rogers Arlin B , Sumner Susan Jenkins , Knights Dan , Denu John M , Li Huilin , Ruggles Kelly V , Bonneau Richard , Williamson R Anthony , Rauch Marcus , Blaser Martin J
Published: July 2018

The early-life intestinal microbiota plays a key role in shaping host immune system development. We found that a single early-life antibiotic course (1PAT) accelerated type 1 diabetes (T1D) development in male NOD mice. The single course had deep and persistent effects on the intestinal microbiome, leading to altered cecal, hepatic, and serum metabolites. The exposure elicited sex-specific effects on chromatin states in the ileum and liver and perturbed ileal gene expression, altering normal maturational patterns. The global signature changes included specific genes controlling both innate and adaptive immunity. Microbiome analysis revealed four taxa each that potentially protect against or accelerate T1D onset, that were linked in a network model to specific differences in ileal gene expression. This simplified animal model reveals multiple potential pathways to understand pathogenesis by which early-life gut microbiome perturbations alter a global suite of intestinal responses, contributing to the accelerated and enhanced T1D development.
"Revista AzMina" e Carnaval sem Assédio: uma análise do jornalismo ativista no combate à violência contra a mulher
Authors: Buitoni Dulcilia Schroeder , Lopes Martha
Published: July 2018

Este artigo tem por objeto a "Revista AzMina", portal que se destaca de outros blogs e sites feministas por produzir textos de gêneros jornalísticos como artigo e reportagem. Sua característica é misturar o fazer jornalístico com uma ação ativista. Assim, a fim de compreender como se dá esse processo, de que modo comunica suas mensagens e como impacta seu público, será realizada uma análise de discurso de textos produzidos em sua campanha #CarnavalsemAssédio, de 2016, que atingiu mais de 3 milhões de pessoas. Vale apontar que a revista surgiu no contexto das manifestações de junho de 2013; portanto, analisá-la é contribuir para a compreensão do uso da esfera digital como fortalecedora dos movimentos feministas.
Gestão Pública Estadual e suas Nuances Lesbianas no Contexto Amazônico
Authors: Silva Sebastiana
Published: July 2018

A palestra "Gestão Pública Estadual e suas Nuances Lesbianas no Contexto Amazônico" foi realizada em 11 de novembro de 2017 na Universidade Federal da Bahia, em Salvador. Essa escrita é resultado de uma apresentação na jornada "Pensamento Lésbico Contemporâneo", uma atividade de extensão do GIRA - Grupo de Estudos Feministas em Política e Educação, em parceria com o Coletivo Lesbibahia. Nesse relato, busco visibilizar a construção da política pública de gênero e sexualidade na Gerência Diversidade e Gênero da Secretaria de Estado de Justiça, Direitos Humanos e Cidadania (SEJUSC) do estado do Amazonas, na perspectiva de uma equipe coordenada por uma lésbica negra, ativista, mãe, militante, feminista, servidora pública e filha da floresta amazônica.
“Can I Be Me?”: A estrela Whitney, uma história de sucessos marcada por opressões
Authors: Gil Brito Jaqueline
Published: July 2018

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é, a partir do documentário “Can I Be Me”? que fala sobre a trajetória de vida de Whitney Houston, analisar sob a luz dos estudos feministas realizados principalmente por mulheres negras lesbianas, como as opressões racistas sustentadas em uma base heteropatriarcal contribuíram para a sua morte. Como um dos objetivos específicos, analisar como o sistema heteropatriarcal foi determinante na maneira como Whitney, mulher negra lesbiana e artista de múltiplos talentos conduziu sua relação lesboafetiva com Robyn Crawford, sua amiga desde adolescência, companheira e também sua diretora de criação. Ademais, analisou-se ainda a maneira como sua carreira artística foi conduzida pelo seu diretor Clive Davis. Estas análises foram feitas considerando algumas falas diretas e indiretas presentes no documentário “Can I Be Me?” relacionadas às falas de Cissy Houston, sua mãe, Robyn, sua companheira e Bobby Brown seu esposo. Além disso, falas relevantes de algumas pessoas que trabalharam para ela e que de alguma forma faziam parte do seu cotidiano. Os resultados desta análise indicam que as opressões principalmente as relacionadas à raça e a sexualidade pelas quais Whitney sofreu ao longo da sua vida foram determinantes para sua imersão profunda e desenfreada no mundo das drogas e sua consequente decadência e morte prematura.
Graphene‐Based Smart Platforms for Combined Cancer Therapy
Authors: Gu Zhanjun , Zhu Shuang , Yan Liang , Zhao Feng , Zhao Yuliang
Published: July 2018

The extensive research of graphene and its derivatives in biomedical applications during the past few years has witnessed its significance in the field of nanomedicine. Starting from simple drug delivery systems, the application of graphene and its derivatives has been extended to a versatile platform of multiple therapeutic modalities, including photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, and sonodynamic therapy. In addition to monotherapy, graphene‐based materials are widely applied in combined therapies for enhanced anticancer activity and reduced side effects. In particular, graphene‐based materials are often designed and fabricated as “smart” platforms for stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers, whose therapeutic effects can be activated by the tumor microenvironment, such as acidic pH and elevated glutathione (termed as “endogenous stimuli”), or light, magnetic, or ultrasonic stimuli (termed as “exogenous stimuli”). Herein, the recent advances of smart graphene platforms for combined therapy applications are presented, starting with the principle for the design of graphene‐based smart platforms in combined therapy applications. Next, recent advances of combined therapies contributed by graphene‐based materials, including chemotherapy‐based, photothermal‐therapy‐based, and ultrasound‐therapy‐based synergistic therapy, are outlined. In addition, current challenges and future prospects regarding this promising field are discussed.
Mild Access to N‐Formylation of Primary Amines using Ethers as C1 Synthons under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Mutra Mohana Reddy , Dhandabani Ganesh Kumar , Wang Jeh‐Jeng
Published: July 2018

A new synthetic protocol has been developed for the synthesis of N‐formamide derivatives using ethers as a C1 synthon under metal‐free reaction conditions. The reaction is proposed to proceed through C−H functionalization, C−O cleavage, and C−N bond formation. This protocol is applicable to a variety of primary amines resulting in N‐formamides in moderate to good yields. 1,4‐dioxane was chosen as best C1 synthon after screening with various ethers. Mechanistic studies disclosed that the reaction proceeds through a radical pathway. While using α‐amino ketones a α‐alkylation product was formed rather than formylation. By replacing dioxane with Tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) under standard conditions also gave the N‐formamide derivatives in moderate yields.

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Synthesis of Cyclopropane Fatty Acids by C(sp3)−C(sp3) Cross‐Coupling Reaction and Formal Synthesis of α‐Mycolic Acid
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Terahigashi Shohei , Wang Yufei , Tanaka Arisa , Zhao Hanqing , Fujimoto Yukari , Fukase Koichi , Kambe Nobuaki
Published: July 2018

An iterative Ni‐catalyzed C(sp3)−C(sp3) cross‐coupling reaction of a novel cis‐cyclopropane containing bifunctional building blocks with alkyl halides and alkyl Grignard reagents enabled the introduction of a cyclopropane ring into the desired position(s) of saturated carbon frameworks, providing a straightforward synthetic route to cyclopropane fatty acids. The present method creates a direct route for the construction of saturated carbon frameworks, and can avoid the tedious multistep operations based on unsaturated functional group manipulations that are often employed in conventional synthetic routes. This method could be applicable to the synthesis of trans‐cyclopropane fatty acids and enantioenriched cyclopropane fatty acids. Formal synthesis of α‐mycolic acid was achieved by the C(sp3)−C(sp3) cross‐coupling reaction of cyclopropane‐containing bifunctional building blocks.

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Pulmonary edema caused by inhalation of vapors from water‐soluble paint
Authors: Nakano Takaaki , Ito Toshitaka , Kanazawa Masashi , Kohno Hirotsugu , Imamura Tomonori , Takemoto Masaaki
Published: July 2018

Aim

To report the effects of inhaling vapor from water‐soluble paint after a recent encounter with 16 patients treated in our emergency department.

Methods

We examined a series of chest computed tomography (CT) images from the 16 affected patients. Computed tomography was carried out on days 1, 2, 5, and 19 after the inhalation event.

Results

Twelve of the patients were found to have pulmonary edema, based on their CT findings. Patients with pulmonary edema were classified as its persisted period. In the severe group, its pulmonary edema persisted over 5 days include, exacerbated edema, delayed‐onset edema (during the follow‐up), or edema amelioration. One patient had exacerbated edema, three patients had delayed‐onset edema, and one patient experienced amelioration of their edema in the severe group. In all cases, the pulmonary edema had disappeared from the CT images by day 19 after the inhalation event. Thirteen of the 16 patients had a fever of ≥37°C. Three kinds of solutes (ethylene glycol, titanium dioxide, and silicon oxide) had been blended in the water‐soluble paint. The titanium dioxide was considered the probable cause of the pulmonary edema.

Conclusion

Inhalation of vapors from water‐soluble paints is considered relatively safe. However, our observations suggest that new lesions might develop and existing lesions could worsen, even if the edema is not severe immediately after the exposure. Thus, follow‐up imaging is needed for approximately 2 weeks in such cases.
Eine Calixaren‐basierte Metall‐organische Gerüstverbindung für den hoch selektiven NO2‐Nachweis
Authors: Schulz Marcel , Gehl Adrian , Schlenkrich Jakob , Schulze Hendrik A. , Zimmermann Stefan , Schaate Andreas
Published: July 2018

Eine Calixaren‐basierte Metall‐organische Gerüstverbindung (Zr‐cal, [Zr6O4(OH)4(FA)6]2(cal)3], FA=Formiat, cal=1,3‐alt‐25,26,27,28‐Tetrakis‐[(carboxy)methoxy]‐calixaren) wurde synthetisiert und ihre Struktur über Einkristallröntgendiffraktometrie bestimmt. Das dreidimensionale Gerüst kristallisiert in einem 4,6‐verbundenen Netzwerk in der gar‐Topologie und weist zwei identische, nicht miteinander verbundene Porensysteme auf. Die spezifische BET‐Oberfläche beträgt 670 m2 g−1 und die Kavitäten der Calixarene sind über das Porensystem zugänglich. Bei der Exposition mit NO2 bilden die Calixarene stark gefärbte Charge‐Transfer‐Komplexe im MOF, wodurch das Material zur visuellen Detektion und zur Einlagerung von NO2 genutzt werden kann. Die hohe Selektivität dieser Komplexierung wurde mittels IR‐ und UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie und die Stabilität des Materials mit Röntgenpulverdiffraktometrie und 1H‐NMR‐Spektroskopie überprüft. Schließlich wurde das MOF als Sensormaterial in einer selbstgebauten Messzelle verwendet, wo es eine hohe Sensitivität gegenüber NO2 aufwies.
Urban innovation policy in the postdevelopmental era: Lessons from Singapore and Seoul
Authors: Hartley Kris , Woo Jun Jie , Chung Sun Kyo
Published: July 2018

This article examines the impact of policies for start‐up and entrepreneurship on the developmental model that remains a policy legacy in many Asian countries. The main argument is that the influence of central planning is deeply embedded in the institutions of the Four Asian Tigers, but globalisation and economic liberalisation are disrupting the old developmentalism by incentivising innovation and structural adaptability. In practice, although developmentalism once focused on infrastructure and industrial policy, softer strategies such as attracting educated millennials through urban amenities and creative clustering mimic those of the postindustrial West. Either this trend represents the end of developmentalism or top‐down industrial policy is being rebranded to embrace knowledge and service industries. This article examines this issue at the urban scale, examining policies used by Singapore and Seoul to encourage start‐ups and entrepreneurship in the context of innovation. Government documents are examined and findings compared.
Human Urinary Kallidinogenase decreases recurrence risk and promotes good recovery
Authors: Han Dong , Chen Xin , Li Dongmei , Liu Shuang , Lyu Yi , Feng Juan
Published: July 2018

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy of Human Urinary Kallidinogenase (HUK) for secondary stroke prevention in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective study, from October 2016 to June 2017, 300 consecutive AIS patients were registered in our database. Among them, 145 patients received HUK treatment (HUK group), and 155 patients received basic treatment (control group). Basic treatment was administrated on all patients. 0.15 PNA unit of HUK injection plus 100 ml saline in intravenous infusion was performed in the HUK group, with once a day for 14 consecutive days. The rate of recurrent stroke and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores in two groups were analyzed 12 months after the treatment.

Results

No difference was found in the age, gender, comorbidities, smoking history, and NIHSS scores between two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). 12 months after treatment, 10 patients in the HUK group (10.3%) and 26 patients in the control group (16.8%) got stroke recurrence at 12 months (p = 0.009). The mRS score of HUK group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.3 ± 1.2 vs. 3.5 ± 1.4, p = 0.011).

Conclusion

Human Urinary Kallidinogenase is able to reduce the risk of stroke recurrence and promote good recovery for AIS patients within 12 months.
Limb‐sparing surgery plus radiotherapy results in superior survival: an analysis of patients with high‐grade, extremity soft‐tissue sarcoma from the NCDB and SEER
Authors: Ramey Stephen J. , Yechieli Raphael , Zhao Wei , Kodiyan Joyson , Asher David , Chinea Felix M. , Patel Vivek , Reis Isildinha M. , Wang Lily , Wilky Breelyn A. , Subhawong Ty , Trent Jonathan C.
Published: July 2018

Small randomized trials have not shown an overall survival (OS) difference among local treatment modalities for patients with extremity soft‐tissue sarcomas (E‐STS) but were underpowered for OS. We examine the impact of local treatment modalities on OS and sarcoma mortality (SM) using two national registries. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program were analyzed separately to identify patients with stage II‐III, high‐grade E‐STS diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 and treated with (1) amputation alone, (2) limb‐sparing surgery (LSS) alone, (3) preoperative radiation therapy (RT) and LSS, or (4) LSS and postoperative RT. Multivariable analyses (MVAs) and 1:1 matched pair analyses (MPAs) examined treatment impacts on OS (both databases) and SM (SEER only). From the NCDB and SEER, 7828 and 2937 patients were included. On MVAs, amputation was associated with inferior OS and SM. Relative to LSS alone, both preoperative RT and LSS (HR, 0.70; 95% CI: 0.62‐0.78) and LSS and postoperative RT (HR, 0.69; 95% CI: 0.63‐0.75) improved OS in NCDB analyses with confirmation by SEER. Estimated median survivals from MPA utilizing NCDB data were 7.2 years with LSS alone (95% CI: 6.5‐8.9 years) vs 9.8 years (95% CI: 9.0‐11.2 years) with LSS and postoperative RT. A MPA comparing preoperative RT and LSS to LSS alone found median survivals of 8.9 years (95% CI: 7.9‐not estimable) and 6.6 years (95% CI: 5.4‐7.8 years). Optimal high‐grade E‐STS management includes LSS with preoperative or postoperative RT as evidenced by superior OS and SM.
TRIM65 is a potential oncogenic protein via ERK1/2 on Jurkat and Raji cells: A therapeutic target in human lymphoma malignancies
Authors: Wang Jin , Liang Xue , Yu Tao , Xu Yu‐Lin , Xu Li‐Hua , Zhang Xiao‐Jing , Ma Jie , Wang Yan‐Ru , He Shuang‐Li
Published: July 2018

In human lung cancer, Tripartite motif 65 (TRIM65) is documented as an important regulator in carcinogenesis. Knockdown of TRIM65 prevents the tumorigenesis of lung cancer cells, while TRIM65 overexpression presents the opposite effect. However, the roles of TRIM65 in human lymphocyte malignancies have reported little. Herein, we found that Jurkat (T‐lymphocyte) and Raji (B‐lymphocyte) expressed TRIM65. We aimed to investigate whether TRIM65 was a potential oncogenic protein that regulated the tumorigenesis of Jurkat and Raji cells. In our present study, cells were transfected with siRNA‐TRIM65 or TRIM65 overexpression vector, Cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), Flow cytometry and Annexin V‐FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining was carried out to detect cell viability, cell cycle profile and cell apoptosis, respectively. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway‐associated proteins, such as Bcl2, cleaved‐caspase 3, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p‐ERK1/2) were assessed. Our data indicated that knockdown of TRIM65 prevented the tumorigenesis of Jurkat and Raji cells. TRIM65 silencing inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle, highly like through blocking ERK1/2 pathway. However, TRIM65 overexpression enhanced cell viability, increased the protein levels of Bcl2, VEGF, p‐ERK1/2 while decreased cleaved‐caspase 3 expression, suggesting the promoted effect of TRIM65 overexpression in the tumorigenesis of those two lymphoma cells. To validate the involvement of ERK1/2 pathway, ERK1/2 inhibitor AZD8330 (1 µmol/L) was introduced. We found that AZD8330 significantly prevented TRIM65 overexpression‐induced tumorigenesis. We concluded that TRIM65 served as a potential oncogenic protein on Jurkat and Raji cells, and ERK1/2 pathway was the underlying mechanism. Approaches targeting TRIM65 provided a novel strategy for the treatment of lymphoma.
Two transplant renal arteries: One important lesson
Authors: Koratala Abhilash , Mena Gutierrez Alejandra , Chamarthi Gajapathiraju , Zeng Xu , Alquadan Kawther F.
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

High index of suspicion is required for ischemic nephropathy in renal transplant recipients presenting with unexplained acute kidney injury, as it is potentially reversible. Carbon dioxide (CO2) angiogram is a good alternative to evaluate vasculature in patients with renal dysfunction where iodinated contrast is relatively contraindicated.
Hyperplastic gastric polyp with foci of ossification
Authors: Tsoucalas Gregory , Fiska Aliki
Published: July 2018

Key Clinical Message

Stromal ossification has been reported in relation with gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Heterotopic ossification of benign gastric polyps with bone formation is rarely documented and sometimes associated with calcification. Thus, the presence of foci of metaplastic bone (FMB) does not always imply GI cancer.
Ultralow Overpotential of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction using Fe‐Doped Defective Graphene: A Density Functional Study
Authors: Lim Juhyung , Back Seoin , Choi Changhyeok , Jung Yousung
Published: July 2018

We report great promises of single (transition metal) atom catalysts (SACs) anchored to single‐ and double‐ vacancy sites of the defective graphene structures for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Among 120 candidates with all 3d, 4d, and 5d‐block transition metals considered, the inexpensive Fe‐based SAC catalyst shows a theoretical overpotential of 5 mV, the lowest value reported to date theoretically or experimentally. With the help of various electronic structural analysis, we reveal that the key to the observed superior HER activity of Fe‐based SAC is the enhanced ionicity of bonding between hydrogen and the corresponding SAC and the lack of ensemble effect that causes the *H binding weaker to be nearly at the top of the HER activity volcano.
Crystalline‐Water/Coordination Induced Formation of 3D Highly Porous Heteroatom‐Doped Ultrathin Carbon Nanosheet Networks for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Liu Tingting , Feng Shi , Huo Jia , Li Qiling , Xie Chao , Wang Shuangyin
Published: July 2018

Development of highly efficient electrocatalysts with low cost for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for their application in fuel cells and metal‐air batteries. In this work, we report a synthesis of 3D heteroatom‐doped ultrathin carbon nanosheet networks directly starting from solid raw materials. This method represents an operationally simple, general, and sustainable strategy to various ultrathin carbon nanosheet networks. Evaporation of crystalline water and coordination interaction are proposed to be responsible for the formation of the 3D carbon nanosheet networks. The carbon nanosheet networks possess high surface area with micro‐ and macropores, large pore volume, ultrathin nanosheet structure, and effective N/S‐co‐doping. The as‐prepared materials show outstanding electrocatalytic ORR performance with more positive onset potential and half‐wave potential, good methanol tolerance, and excellent stability, compared with those of the porous carbons derived from the ZIF counterpart and commercial Pt/C. This work not only provides highly active ORR electrocatalysts via an operationally simple and green process and also demonstrates a general method to prepare 3D ultrathin carbon nanosheet networks without any additional template and solvent.
Recent Progress in Two‐Dimensional Antimicrobial Nanomaterials
Authors: Miao Hui , Teng Zhenyuan , Wang Chengyin , Chong Hui , Wang Guoxiu
Published: July 2018

Nowadays, microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses, are regarded as new environmental pollutants and pose serious threats to public health. Yet, traditional disinfection approaches for bacteria and viruses are generally ineffective. Furthermore, they exhibit the disadvantages of high‐energy consumption, environmental pollution, high cost, and toxic byproduct generation. In this respect, nanomaterials display promising antimicrobial capabilities due to their unique properties and provide solutions to the abovementioned issues. Herein, recent progress in the development of 2D nanomaterials displaying antimicrobial capabilities is highlighted. The structures, morphologies, and performances of essential metal, graphene, and nitride‐based 2D antibacterial nanomaterials are summarized in detail. In addition, possible antimicrobial mechanisms and the relationship between structure and antimicrobial efficiency are elaborated.
Synthesis, Nematicidal Activity, and 3D‐QSAR of Novel 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole/ Thiadiazole Thioether Derivatives
Authors: Chen Jixiang , Gan Xiuhai , Yi Chongfen , Wang Shaobo , Yang Yuyuan , He Fangcheng , Hu Deyu , Song Baoan
Published: July 2018

Forty one novel 1,3,4‐oxadiazole/thiadiazole thioether derivatives containing phenoxy moiety were designed and synthesized. Bioassay demonstrated that some of them showed remarkable activities against Tylenchulus semipenetrans in vitro and in vivo. Compounds 20, 21, 35 and 39 showed excellent lethal activities after treatment for 48 h in vitro, with LC50 values of 13.4 ± 1.8, 11.7 ± 2.5, 13.7 ± 2.4 and 13.3 ± 1.1 mg·L–1, respectively, which were obviously superior to fosthiazate (49.1 ± 2.8 mg·L–1) and avermectin (26.6 ± 2.3 mg·L–1). Compound 21 can effectively control the citrus nematode disease caused by T. semipenetrans at 200 mg·L–1 in vivo with (68 ± 3)% inhibitory effect, which was even better than that of avermectin ((63 ± 2)%). The CoMFA and CoMSIA models of three‐dimensional quantitative structure‐activity relationships (3D‐QSARs) were established. The compound 33 was designed based on the 3D‐QSAR models with more vigorous nematicidal activities in vitro (LC50 = 9.8 ± 1.4 mg·L–1) and in vivo ((70 ± 5)%). These results demonstrated that compound 33 can be considered as a potential nematicide.
Lattice Engineering on Metal Cocatalysts for Enhanced Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into CH4
Authors: Zhao Leihong , Ye Fan , Wang Dongmei , Cai Xiaotong , Meng Chenchen , Xie Hanshi , Zhang Jiali , Bai Song
Published: July 2018

Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into CH4 represents an appealing approach to alleviate the world's continued reliance on fossil fuels and global warming resulting from increasing CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere. However, its practical application is greatly limited by serious electron–hole recombination in the photocatalysts and the production of CO and H2 as side reactions. Herein, for the first time, it is demonstrated that the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CH4 can be significantly improved through the simultaneous alloying and hydriding of metal cocatalysts. The isolation of Cu and H atoms in Pd lattices play three roles in the enhancement of CO2 to CH4 conversion: 1) Cu atoms provide catalytic sites to reduce CO2 into CO and then to CH4 to suppress H2 evolution; 2) H atoms improve the electron‐trapping ability of cocatalysts; and 3) H atoms accelerate the reduction of CO to CH4, which is the rate‐limiting procedure in the conversion of CO2 into CH4. Arising from the synergistic interplay between Pd−H and Cu−CO sites, C3N4−Pd9Cu1Hx (15 mg) achieves 100 % selectivity for CH4 production with an average rate of 0.018 μmol h−1 under visible‐light irradiation. This work provides insights into the design of a cocatalyst for highly selective CO2 conversion through lattice engineering at atomic precision.
Spawning behavior of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus): Spawning synchrony, vibrational communication, and mate guarding
Authors: Brattli Magnus B. , Egeland Torvald B. , Nordeide Jarle T. , Folstad Ivar
Published: July 2018

A mismatch in synchrony between male and female gamete release in external fertilizers can result in reduced or failed fertilization, sperm competition, and reduced paternity. In Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), males can adopt either a guard or sneak tactic resulting in both pre‐ and postcopulatory competition between males with alternative reproduction tactics. Here, spawning behavior of free‐living Arctic charr was video‐recorded, and their reproductive behavior was analyzed. From evaluating 157 spawning events, we observed that females mainly spawned with a guarding male and that the female and the guarding male synchronized timing of gamete release under sperm competition. Although sneakers spawned with higher synchrony than the guarding male in single‐male spawning events, the average sneaker released his milt less synchronized with the female than the guarding male under sperm competition. Approximately 50% of the recorded spawning events occurred under sperm competition, where each event included an average of 2.7 males. Additionally, sneakers were more exposed to sperm competition than guarding males. An influx of males, in close proximity to the female, occurred during the behavioral sequences leading up to egg release, but this influx seemed not dependent on egg release, suggesting that something else than gonadal product attracts sneaker males to the spawning female. Just before and during the actual release of gametes, the spawning couple vibrates their bodies in close contact and it seems likely that this vibrational communication between the spawning couple, which results in a larger amplitude sound wave than seen under regular courting, reveals time of gamete release to sneaker males. Thus, vibrational communication may enable synchrony between the guarding male and the female, and this might be traded against the cost of higher detectability from surrounding sneaker males, eavesdropping in close proximity.
The evolution of chemical defenses along invasion routes: Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera) as a case study
Authors: Magro Alexandra , Ramon‐Portugal Felipe , Facon Benoît , Ducamp Christine , Hemptinne Jean‐Louis
Published: July 2018

The evolution of increased competitive ability (EICA) hypothesis (Blossey & Nötzold, ) postulates that escaping from coevolved enemies increases invaders fitness by energy reallocation from defenses and immunity to growth and reproduction. In this context, we evaluated the evidence of evolutionary change in invasive populations of Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera). We measured egg defenses—cocktail of hydrocarbons on the egg's surface flagging egg toxicity and the concentration of the main alkaloid harmonine—in individuals from three populations along the invasion route (Japan: native, United States: introduced more than 30 years ago, South Africa: introduced in the early 2000s) in a common garden experiment. Our results support the EICA hypothesis: We found changes along the invasion route in the profiles of the hydrocarbons coating the eggs’ surface and a decrease in the concentration of harmonine in eggs from the most recent invasive South African population compared to the long established in the United States and the native Japanese ones.