bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcome of children referred with heart murmurs referred from general practice to a paediatrician with expertise in cardiology
Authors: Khushu Abha , Kelsall Anthony W. , Usher-Smith Juliet A.
Published: June 2014

Background

Heart murmurs are common in children. The majority are detected incidentally, and congenital heart disease is rare. There are no published United Kingdom guidelines for management of children with murmurs in primary care. Common practice is to refer all children for specialist assessment.

Aim

To review outcomes of children with heart murmurs who were referred by general practitioners to a clinic conducted by a paediatrician with expertise in cardiology.

Design and setting

A retrospective review of children referred by general practitioners to a paediatrician with expertise in cardiology.

Methods

Hospital records of all children under 17 years of age who attended the clinic during 2011 were reviewed. We excluded children previously seen by any cardiology service.

Results

There were 313 new primary care referrals, with complete records available for 310 children. Of them, 186 (60%) were referred with a murmur: 154 for an asymptomatic murmur alone, and 32 for a murmur plus additional symptoms or family history of congenital heart disease. All underwent echocardiography. Of the patients, 38 (20%) had congenital heart disease. Younger children were more likely to have congenital heart disease. There was no difference between rates of congenital heart disease in children with or without symptoms or a family history.

Conclusion

The finding that a large proportion of children referred by general practitioners with asymptomatic heart murmurs have congenital heart disease supports current referral practice on clinical grounds.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with impaired lysosomal endothelin-1 degradation
Authors: Recla Sabine , Hahn Andreas , Apitz Christian
Published: June 2014

We report on a boy with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with mucolipidosis, a rare lysosomal storage disorder. During diagnostic catheterisation, we found increased endothelin-1 levels, but normal big endothelin-1-levels (the precursor form of endothelin-1), which suggests impaired degradation of endothelin-1 rather than increased synthesis. As endothelin-1 degradation takes place in the lysosome, it appears likely that lysosomal dysfunction caused by the underlying disease contributes to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in this patient.
Evaluation of compliance to national nutrition policies in summer day camps
Authors: Tilley Falon , Beets Michael W , Jones Sonya , Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Objective

The National Afterschool Association (NAA) standards specify the role of summer day camps (SDC) in promoting healthy nutrition habits of the children attending, identifying foods and beverages to be provided to children and staff roles in promoting good nutrition habits. However, many SDC do not provide meals. Currently, national guidelines specifying what children are allowed to bring to such settings do not exist, nor is there a solid understanding of the current landscape surrounding healthy eating within SDC.

Design

A cross-sectional study design using validated measures with multiple observations was used to determine the types of foods and beverages brought to SDC programmes.

Setting

Four large-scale, community-based SDC participated in the study during summer 2011.

Subjects

The types of foods and beverages brought by children (n766) and staff (n87), as well as any instances of staff promoting healthy eating behaviours, were examined via direct observation over 27 d. Additionally, the extent to which current foods and beverages at SDC complied with NAA standards was evaluated.

Results

Less than half of the children brought water, 47 % brought non-100 % juices, 4 % brought soda, 4 % brought a vegetable and 20 % brought fruit. Staff foods and beverages modelled similar patterns. Promotion of healthy eating by staff was observed <1 % of the time.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that foods and beverages brought to SDC by children and staff do not support nutrition standards and staff do not regularly promote healthy eating habits. To assist, professional development, parent education and organizational policies are needed.
A functional liquid-like multiwalled carbon nanotube derivative in the absence of solvent and its application in nanocomposites
Authors: Zheng Yaping , Yang Ruilu , Wu Fei , Li Dewang , Wang Nan , Zhang Aibo
Published: June 2014

The liquid-like MWCNT derivative can be aligned in the epoxy matrix to improve the properties of the epoxy resin.
Broadband inelastic light scattering study on relaxor ferroelectric Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals
Authors: Hyun Kim Tae , Kojima Seiji , Ko Jae-Hyeon
Published: June 2014

The broadband inelastic light scattering spectra of ternary Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystals were investigated as a function of temperature and crystal orientation by combining Raman and Brillouin spectroscopies. The angular dependence of the strong Raman peak located at ∼50 cm−1 was investigated at 300 °C. The intensity variation of this mode with rotation angle was compatible with the F2g mode of Fm3¯m symmetry, suggesting that this mode arises from the 1:1 chemical order at the B-site in this perovskite structure. The temperature evolution of the polar nanoregions was associated with the growth of two central peaks and the change in the intensity of some Raman peaks, which were known to be sensitive to the rhombohedral symmetry. Both relaxation processes exhibited partial slowing-down behaviors with a common critical temperature of ∼160 °C. Poling the crystal along the [001] direction induced abrupt changes in some of the Raman bands at the rhombohedral–tetragonal phase transition. On the other hand, the diffuse tetragonal–cubic phase transition was not affected by the poling process. This high-temperature phase transformation seems to be smeared out by the inherent disorder and strong random fields enhanced by the addition of Pb(In1/2Nb1/2) into Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3.
Configurational entropy of hydrogen-disordered ice polymorphs
Authors: Herrero Carlos P. , Ramírez Rafael
Published: June 2014

The configurational entropy of several H-disordered ice polymorphs is calculated by means of a thermodynamic integration along a path between a totally H-disordered state and one fulfilling the Bernal-Fowler ice rules. A Monte Carlo procedure based on a simple energy model is used, so that the employed thermodynamic path drives the system from high temperatures to the low-temperature limit. This method turns out to be precise enough to give reliable values for the configurational entropy sth of different ice phases in the thermodynamic limit (number of molecules N → ∞). The precision of the method is checked for the ice model on a two-dimensional square lattice. Results for the configurational entropy are given for H-disordered arrangements on several polymorphs, including ices Ih, Ic, II, III, IV, V, VI, and XII. The highest and lowest entropy values correspond to ices VI and XII, respectively, with a difference of 3.3% between them. The dependence of the entropy on the ice structures has been rationalized by comparing it with structural parameters of the various polymorphs, such as the mean ring size. A particularly good correlation has been found between the configurational entropy and the connective constant derived from self-avoiding walks on the ice networks.
Configuration interaction wave functions: A seniority number approach
Authors: Alcoba Diego R. , Torre Alicia , Lain Luis , Massaccesi Gustavo E. , Oña Ofelia B.
Published: June 2014

This work deals with the configuration interaction method when an N-electron Hamiltonian is projected on Slater determinants which are classified according to their seniority number values. We study the spin features of the wave functions and the size of the matrices required to formulate states of any spin symmetry within this treatment. Correlation energies associated with the wave functions arising from the seniority-based configuration interaction procedure are determined for three types of molecular orbital basis: canonical molecular orbitals, natural orbitals, and the orbitals resulting from minimizing the expectation value of the N-electron seniority number operator. The performance of these bases is analyzed by means of numerical results obtained from selected N-electron systems of several spin symmetries. The comparison of the results highlights the efficiency of the molecular orbital basis which minimizes the mean value of the seniority number for a state, yielding energy values closer to those provided by the full configuration interaction procedure.
Sustainable grazing management for temporal and spatial variability in north Australian rangelands – a synthesis of the latest evidence and recommendations
Authors: O'Reagain Peter , Scanlan Joe , Hunt Leigh , Cowley Robyn , Walsh Dionne
Published: June 2014

Rainfall variability is a major challenge to sustainable grazing management in northern Australia, with management often complicated further by large, spatially-heterogeneous paddocks. This paper presents the latest grazing research and associated bio-economic modelling from northern Australia and assesses the extent to which current recommendations to manage for these issues are supported. Overall, stocking around the safe long-term carrying capacity will maintain land condition and maximise long-term profitability. However, stocking rates should be varied in a risk-averse manner as pasture availability varies between years. Periodic wet-season spelling is also essential to maintain pasture condition and allow recovery of overgrazed areas. Uneven grazing distributions can be partially managed through fencing, providing additional water-points and in some cases patch-burning, although the economics of infrastructure development are extremely context-dependent. Overall, complex multi-paddock grazing systems do not appear justified in northern Australia. Provided the key management principles outlined above are applied in an active, adaptive manner, acceptable economic and environmental outcomes will be achieved irrespective of the grazing system applied.
Differential global structural changes in the core particle of yeast and mouse proteasome induced by ligand binding
Authors: Arciniega Marcelino , Beck Philipp , Lange Oliver F. , Groll Michael , Huber Robert
Published: June 2014

Significance

We analyzed 46 molecular structures of the yeast proteasome core particle (CP) by principal component analysis (PCA) and discovered two distinct configurations of the principal proteolytic subunit β5: the apo-cluster encompassing complexes with nonpeptidic ligands and the pep-cluster of complexes with peptidic ligands. Both configurations differ by a small domain motion and numerous slight global changes, thus enabling intersubunit communication. PCA was expanded to the mouse CP and revealed a striking difference between the constitutive CP and the immune CP. The former conforms to the yeast system and executes the structural change seen in yeast, although both immune apo and liganded CP classify into the pep configuration, a possible explanation for the generally higher activity of the immune proteasome.
Finite Larmor radius approximation for collisional magnetic confinement. Part II: the Fokker-Planck-Landau equation
Authors: Bostan Mihai , Caldini-Queiros Céline
Published: June 2014

This paper is devoted to the finite Larmor radius approximation of the Fokker-Planck-Landau equation, which plays a major role in plasma physics. We obtain a completely explicit form for the gyroaverage of the Fokker-Planck-Landau kernel, accounting for diffusion and convolution with respect to both velocity and (perpendicular) position coordinates. We show that the new collision operator enjoys the usual physical properties; the averaged kernel balances the mass, momentum, and kinetic energy and dissipates the entropy, globally in velocity and perpendicular position coordinates.
Politics as Hypergestural Improvisation in the Age of Mediocracy
Authors: Citton Yves
Published: June 2014

This chapter draws on the analysis of musical improvisation, as practiced within “free jazz,” in order to shed light on a politics of the multitudes. It suggests that we should consider media-intensive Western “democracies” as “mediocracies,” within which political affects are carried through the communication of gestures. A Spinozist analysis of collective agency in societies of control leads to articulating nine steps toward a political sharpening of the reference to “improvisation.” For politics to benefit from the powers unleashed and theorized by improvisers, it needs to devise a new vocabulary and a new imaginary of human cooperation, which this chapter attempts to sketch in its broadest lines, inspired by authors and creators like Guerino Mazzola, Anthony Braxton, Derek Bailey, Lawrence “Butch” Morris, Michel Foucault, Bruno Latour, and Antonio Negri.
First Report of Orange Rust Disease of Sugarcane in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Briggs G. C. , Nakhid Z. , Alleyne A. T. , Ayats J. , Despradel J. O. , Elibox W.
Published: June 2014

In June 2011, uredinial leaf lesions typical of rust disease were observed on the two main commercial sugarcane (a complex Saccharum spp. L. hybrid) cultivars CR87339 (30% of acreage), CR83323 (17% of acreage) as well as cultivars BR9806, BR9816, and BT88133 at La Romana in the Dominican Republic. Morphological analysis of the lesions using both light and scanning electron microscopy identified obovoid spores (36 × 24 μm) with apical wall thickenings which are distinctive features of Puccinia kuehnii (W. Krüger) E.J. Butler, the causal agent of orange rust disease of sugarcane (4). DNA from dried leaf samples containing urediniospores was extracted and PCR-amplified using the P. kuehnii specific primers (Pk1-F/Pk1-R) (1). A 527-bp fragment representing the ITS rDNA region was obtained and sequenced. A GenBank BLAST search of the database of the consensus sequence showed 100% sequence identity to the GenBank accession GU564421 along the entire sequence length. Based on field observations, urediniospore morphology, PCR amplification, and DNA sequence analysis, the causal agent of the observed rust disease was therefore confirmed to be P. kuehnii. Since its initial discovery, orange rust disease has been observed in 15 additional sugarcane cultivars at the Central Romana Sugarcane Corp. Ltd. at La Romana and has persisted during the years 2012 and 2013. Central Romana Sugarcane Corp. Ltd. is the largest sugarcane grower (70,000 ha) and sugar producer (430,000 t annually) in the Caribbean. Although an economic impact assessment of the disease has not been performed at La Romana, orange rust disease has the potential to cause significant yield loss (1). Orange rust has been reported previously in several parts of Central America and in the neighboring islands of Cuba and Jamaica in 2010 (2,3). To our knowledge, this is the first confirmed report of orange rust disease of sugarcane in the Dominican Republic.

References: (1) J. C. Comstock et al., J. ASSCT. 29:82, 2009. (2) N. C. Glynn et al. Plant Pathol. 59:703, 2010. (3) L. Pérez-Vicente et al. Plant Pathol. 59:804, 2010. (4) E. V. Virtudazo et al., Mycoscience 42:167, 2001.
PKR is activated by cellular dsRNAs during mitosis and acts as a mitotic regulator
Authors: Kim Yoosik , Lee Jung Hyun , Park Jong-Eun , Cho Jun , Yi Hyerim , Kim V. Narry
Published: June 2014

dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR) is a ubiquitously expressed enzyme well known for its roles in immune response. Upon binding to viral dsRNA, PKR undergoes autophosphorylation, and the phosphorylated PKR (pPKR) regulates translation and multiple signaling pathways in infected cells. Here, we found that PKR is activated in uninfected cells, specifically during mitosis, by binding to dsRNAs formed by inverted Alu repeats (IRAlus). While PKR and IRAlu-containing RNAs are segregated in the cytosol and nucleus of interphase cells, respectively, they interact during mitosis when nuclear structure is disrupted. Once phosphorylated, PKR suppresses global translation by phosphorylating the α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). In addition, pPKR acts as an upstream kinase for c-Jun N-terminal kinase and regulates the levels of multiple mitotic factors such as CYCLINS A and B and POLO-LIKE KINASE 1 and phosphorylation of HISTONE H3. Disruption of PKR activation via RNAi or expression of a transdominant-negative mutant leads to misregulation of the mitotic factors, delay in mitotic progression, and defects in cytokinesis. Our study unveils a novel function of PKR and endogenous dsRNAs as signaling molecules during the mitosis of uninfected cells.
Probing droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces by synchrotron radiation scattering techniques
Authors: Accardo Angelo , Di Fabrizio Enzo , Limongi Tania , Marinaro Giovanni , Riekel Christian
Published: June 2014

Droplets on artificially structured superhydrophobic surfaces represent quasi contact-free sample environments which can be probed by X-ray microbeams and nanobeams in the absence of obstructing walls. This review will discuss basic surface wettability concepts and introduce the technology of structuring surfaces. Quasi contact-free droplets are compared with contact-free droplets; processes related to deposition and evaporation on solid surfaces are discussed. Droplet coalescence based on the electrowetting effect allows the probing of short-time mixing and reaction processes. The review will show for several materials of biological interest that structural processes related to conformational changes, nucleation and assembly during droplet evaporation can be spatially and temporally resolved by raster-scan diffraction techniques. Orientational ordering of anisotropic materials deposited during solidification at pinning sites facilitates the interpretation of structural data.
Courses and careers: measuring how students’ personalvalues matter
Authors: Z. Kopanidis Foula , J. Shaw Michael
Published: June 2014

Purpose

– Students’ values influence their choice of academic degrees that direct future careers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate measuring personal values by testing the relevance of the original nine personal values in the List of Values (LOV) scale in the situation-specific context of higher education in relation to student's educational choices in pursuing particular career pathways.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study involved two stages of iterative analysis of data from undergraduate students (N=304) at an Australian university for the purpose of constructing a personal values importance scale (PVIS). The paper assesses construct dimensionality, and convergent and discriminate validities of PVIS.

Findings

– Results suggest a two-factor PVIS scale of internal and external values is a valid and reliable psychometric diagnostic tool leading to better understanding of choice behaviour in an educational context. Business students reported both internal and external values as important; however, science, engineering and technology, and design and social context students perceived internally oriented values more aligned to their programme choice.

Practical implications

– This research provides new insights into measuring the values influencing the programme choices with a career focus towards particular fields. It allows educational institutions to make more informed decisions for attracting and retaining those students most suited to the educational and career paths they choose. Marketing and educational implications are discussed.

Originality/value

– This research offers a psychometrically rigorous measurement instrument valid in an education context.
Coordination mechanisms in the store opening process
Authors: Sandberg Erik
Published: June 2014

Purpose

– For many retailers organic growth through the opening of new stores is a crucial cornerstone of the business model. The purpose of this paper is to explore the store opening process conducted by retail companies. The research questions cover: first, the role and organisation of the establishment function in charge of the process; second, the activities and functions involved in the process; and third, the coordination mechanisms applied during the process.

Design/methodology/approach

– This research considers the store opening process as a company-wide project, managed by an establishment function, in which internal functions as well as external suppliers need to be coordinated. A multiple case study of eight retail companies is presented, focusing on the organisation of the establishment function, a mapping of the store opening process and the application of coordination mechanisms.

Findings

– The role and organisation of the establishment function is described and the store opening process is summarised into 11 main activities to be conducted by either the establishment function or other involved functions. During the store opening process six different coordination mechanisms are utilised, including mutual adjustments and direct supervision, as well as different types of standardisation.

Originality/value

– This research seeks to improve our understanding for the store opening process and how it can be managed and controlled in an effective manner.
Laws whitening black money for boosting national economy
Authors: Solaiman S.M.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that granting general amnesty to thousands of black-money holders in Bangladesh has failed to make any positive impact on the development of its securities market. Rather, such a move or mercy by the successive governments over the years has basically increased corruption in the country.

Design/methodology/approach

– The article relies on both primary and secondary materials. An archival analysis of the materials has been carried out in this research.

Findings

– The major findings are that whitening black money is legally flawed, morally indefensible and economically unsound; the ultimate outcome of the whitening opportunity appears to be the protection of corruption, the prevention of which is imperative for the sustainable development of the national economy of Bangladesh; and no credible evidence has been found to support the underlying assumption that this immunity offered over the past four decades has benefited the economy.

Originality/value

– Its originality is evident in the analysis of the materials in a cohesive way to prove a hypothesis that the immunity granted to the black-money holders has been a flawed initiative of the successive governments of Bangladesh to increase investment.
Marketing and delivering information literacy on the web, yesterday and today, from 2009 to 2012
Authors: Q. Yang Sharon
Published: June 2014

Purpose

– This study aims to ascertain the trends and changes of how academic libraries market and deliver information literacy (IL) on the web.

Design/methodology/approach

– The author compares the findings from two separate studies that scanned the Web sites for IL-related activities in 2009 and 2012, respectively.

Findings

– Academic libraries intensified their efforts to promote and deliver IL on the web between 2009 and 2012. There was a significant increase in IL-related activities on the web in the three-year period.

Practical implications

– The findings describe the status quo and changes in IL-related activities on the libraries’ Web sites. This information may help librarians to know what they have been doing and if there is space for improvement.

Originality/value

– This is the only study that spans three years in measuring the progress librarians made in marketing and delivering IL on the Web.
Evaluation of sentinel node biopsy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Fukushima Satoshi , Masuguchi Shinichi , Igata Toshikatsu , Harada Miho , Aoi Jun , Miyashita Azusa , Nakahara Satoshi , Inoue Yuji , Jinnin Masatoshi , Shiraishi Shinya , Yamashita Yasuyuki , Ishihara Tsuyoshi , Ihn Hironobu
Published: June 2014

Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a standard care for cutaneous melanoma but its role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has not been established. Clinical data was obtained from 54 patients with SCC who received SLNB with the usage of blue dye and radioisotope colloid methods. The positive rate of SLNB in SCC was 7.4%. If the cases were limited to more than T2, the positive rate was 12.9%. Three of 41 patients who was estimated negative LN metastasis by the preoperative tests had micrometastasis (7.3%). Among 13 patients who were suggested to have metastasis in the preoperative tests, only one patient had histological metastasis. One patient with SCC located in the lower lip showed negative SLNB and subsequently developed node recurrence. In conclusion, the efficacy of SLNB in SCC is comparable to that of melanoma in the positive rate. There are two kinds of benefit, avoidance of unnecessary complete lymph node dissection and early detection of metastasis.
Metagenomic analysis of the viral community in Namib Desert hypoliths
Authors: Adriaenssens Evelien M. , Van Zyl Lonnie , De Maayer Pieter , Rubagotti Enrico , Rybicki Ed , Tuffin Marla , Cowan Don A.
Published: June 2014

Hypolithic microbial communities are specialized desert communities inhabiting the underside of translucent rocks. Here, we present the first study of the viral fraction of these communities isolated from the hyperarid Namib Desert. The taxonomic composition of the hypolithic viral communities was investigated and a functional assessment of the sequences determined. Phylotypic analysis showed that bacteriophages belonging to the order Caudovirales, in particular the family Siphoviridae, were most prevalent. Functional analysis and comparison with other metaviromes revealed a relatively high frequency of cell wall‐degrading enzymes, ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) and phage‐associated genes. Phylogenetic analyses of terL and phoH marker genes indicated that many of the sequences were novel and distinct from known isolates, and the class distribution of the RNRs suggests that this is a novel environment. The composition of the viral hypolith fraction containing many Bacillus‐infecting phages was not completely consistent with Namib hypolith phylotypic surveys of the bacterial hosts, in which the cyanobacterial genus Chroococcidiopsis was found to be dominant. This could be attributed to the lack of sequence information about hypolith viruses/bacteria in public databases or the possibility that hypolithic communities incorporate viruses from the surrounding soil.
Effect of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, DIO1 and DIO2 polymorphisms on L‐thyroxine doses required for TSH suppression in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Santoro Ana B. , Vargens Daniela D. , Barros Filho Mateus de Camargo , Bulzico Daniel A. , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Meirelles Ricardo M. R. , Paula Daniela P. , Neves Ronaldo R. S. , Pessoa Cencita N. , Struchine Claudio J. , Suarez‐Kurtz Guilherme
Published: June 2014

Aim

To evaluate the impact of genetic polymorphisms in uridine 5′‐glucuronosylytansferases UGT1A1 and UGT1A3 and iodothyronine‐deiodinases types 1 and 2 on levothyroxine (T4; 3,5,3′,5′‐triiodo‐L‐thyronine) dose requirement for suppression of thyrotropin (TSH) secretion in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Methods

Patients (n = 268) submitted to total thyroidectomy and ablation by 131I, under T4 therapy for at least 6 months were recruited in three public institutions in Brazil. Multivariate regression modelling was applied to assess the association of T4 dosing with polymorphisms in UGT1A1 (rs8175347), UGT1A3 (rs3806596 and rs1983023), DIO1 (rs11206244 and rs2235544) and DIO2 (rs225014 and rs12885300), demographic and clinical variables.

Results

A regression model including UGT1A haplotypes, age, gender, body weight and serum TSH concentration accounted for 39% of the inter‐individual variation in the T4 dosage. The association of T4 dose with UGT1A haplotype is attributed to reduced UGT1A1 expression and T4 glucuronidation in liver of carriers of low expression UGT1A1 rs8175347 alleles. The DIO1 and DIO2 genotypes had no influence of T4 dosage.

Conclusion

UGT1A haplotypes associate with T4 dosage in DTC patients, but the effect accounts for only 2% of the total variability and recommendation of pre‐emptive UGT1A genotyping is not warranted.
The influence of fluid and crystallized intelligence on the development of knowledge and skills
Authors: Thorsen Cecilia , Gustafsson Jan‐Eric , Cliffordson Christina
Published: June 2014

Background

Cattell's Gf–Gc distinction is quite generally recognized. However, the developmental part of the Gf–Gc theory of intelligence has not gained the same recognition. Results are inconsistent, but recent discussions emphasize the importance of homogeneity of samples with regard to education and language when investigating the developmental Investment theory.

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Gf and Gc on the development of knowledge and skills in a sample of children in compulsory school who are homogenous with regard to level of education, age, and cultural background.

Sample

Totally, 9,002 individuals from the evaluation through follow‐up database born in 1972 and who left compulsory school in 1988 were included. These individuals were followed up in Grades 3, 6, and 9.

Methods

Structural equation modelling was used, and autoregressive path models were fitted. All modelling was performed using Mplus version 6.1.

Results

In the first step, a path model with a simplex structure was defined. However, a second model with direct relations of Gf on Gc in Grades 6 and 9 had better model fit, suggesting a continuous influence of Gf on Gc. However, no direct influence of Gf was found for the subject grades.

Conclusion

Due to the continuous influence of Gf on the measures of Gc throughout compulsory school, support for Cattell's (1987) Investment theory was found.
Historical developments inWheeler diagrams and future directions
Authors: Qayyum Farrukh , Catuneanu Octavian , de Groot Paul
Published: June 2014

The Wheeler diagram is a type of chronostratigraphic chart and is one of the fundamental instruments available in the geologists' toolkit that is used to understand spatiotemporal relationships of strata. Over the last four decades, these diagrams have continued to improve due to advances in seismic technology. This article examines the historical developments behind Wheeler diagrams, not only stressing their merits, but also their pitfalls and the role that sequence stratigraphic principles have played in interpreting these diagrams. It is emphasized that the diagrams are only complete if one utilizes the thicknesses of a sequence stratigraphic unit (sequence, systems tracts) – a missing dimension that turns a 3D Wheeler diagram into 4D. The article also argues that the latter 4D diagrams represent the future for Wheeler diagrams.
Water as Sacrament: Tillich, Gender and Liturgical Eco‐Justice
Authors: Guðmarsdóttir Sigríður
Published: June 2014

Theological operations of language that turn physical water into figurative and textual logos‐water are examined in the article with the help of Tillich´s “Nature and Sacrament,” where Tillich reflects the actual relationship between water and word in the sacrament of baptism. Moving to the ecological struggles of contemporary life, the article ponders the scarcity of water in the ecological struggle, and finally the gender implications of figurative water operations.
BÖLL'S WAR: CATHOLIC INNER EMIGRATION, APOCALYPTIC DYSTOPIA, AND ‘STUNDE NULL’
Authors: Tomko Helena M.
Published: June 2014

Heinrich Böll's stature in the canon of West German postwar literature grew out of his association with the so‐called cultural ‘Stunde Null’. Recent scholarship has questioned this commonplace paradigm, which suggests problematic distinctions between literature written before and after 1945 and inside and outside of the Third Reich. The posthumous publication of Böll's prewar juvenilia and wartime correspondence allows for new perspectives on his literary formation. This article demonstrates Böll's intellectual dependence on pan‐European interwar Catholic culture, in particular key German writers who became Christian ‘inner emigrants’ in the Third Reich. The motifs of this body of thought course through his wartime correspondence, so much so that his early postwar work deserves classification both as ‘Trümmerliteratur’ and as a continuation of the inner emigration. This continuity between Böll's pre‐ and post‐1945 thought contributes not just to our re‐reading of his oeuvre but also to a revision in inner emigration studies. The term deserves extension to include both writers who wrote against the grain of Nazi literary politics and their readers, with whom they formed a coherent interpretive community. Out of this shared discourse, Böll crafts a narrative of survival, foreseeing a kind of perpetual inner emigration in a dystopian and apostate postwar Germany.
‘THE CROSSING OF LOVE’: THE INOPERATIVE COMMUNITY AND ROMANTIC LOVE IN FERIDUN ZAIMOGLU’S ‘FÜNF KLOPFENDE HERZEN, WENN DIE LIEBE SPRINGT’ AND HINTERLAND
Authors: Twist Joseph
Published: June 2014

In the short story ‘Fünf klopfende Herzen, wenn die Liebe springt’ (2004) and the novel Hinterland (2009), Feridun Zaimoglu engages with cosmopolitanism and German Romanticism – both characteristic themes of his more recent fiction. A dialogue between the ideas of love presented by Jean‐Luc Nancy and the Romantics Fr. Schlegel, Novalis and Kleist can illuminate the non‐identitarian nature of Zaimoglu's cosmopolitanism, suggesting a radical openness to the future and an ontological interrelatedness in line with Nancy's ‘communauté désœuvrée’ (‘inoperative community’), rather than a new cosmopolitan identity with its own moral code. Just as the Romantics invested in the power of love to create a harmonious world, love is equally important for Nancy in that it renders the inoperative community more accessible to us. This understanding of cosmopolitanism can be glimpsed in ‘Fünf klopfende Herzen’, in which falling in love presents the protagonist with the radical possibilities brought about by the interconnected nature of being. Similarly, in Hinterland, in which transnational sensibilities create a cosmopolitan web across Europe, it is implied that being‐with is not subordinate to being‐one. Zaimoglu's engagement with the Brothers Grimm and the more nationalist aspects of Romanticism also requires close scrutiny, and can be illuminated by an appeal to Nancy's concepts of ‘myth’ and ‘literature’.
‘WAS ZWISCHEN DEN BLÄTTERN FÄLLT’: FIGURES OF MEMORY IN THREE POEMS BY MANFRED PETER HEIN
Authors: Saunders Edward
Published: June 2014

Manfred Peter Hein is a post‐war German poet who has received little critical attention. This article looks at three poems from his later work which are linked by a single image: the falling leaf. The article outlines aspects of Hein's discourse on memory and looks at formal characteristics of Hein's work such as his interest in Japanese poetry. Form and content are by no means separate: the Japanese tradition and its forms influence Hein's use of images from the natural world in discussing historical memory.

The three poems in question are ‘Dann sind Namen gefallen’, ‘Kaunas 1941’, and ‘Erinnern daran’, all published in 2006. In these poems, the falling leaf is variously used to represent the victims of genocide and mass murder, together with the scale of those crimes, to allude to the insufficiency of language and the impossibility of remembrance, and to explore ideas of singularity and recurrence. The article places the poems in the context of Hein's career and explains concepts from Japanese poetics relevant to his work. The article concludes that while Hein's poems also constitute a practice of remembrance, the poet sees historical memory as something at once impossible and inescapable.
AN AWARENESS OF WHAT IS MISSING: VOYEURISM AND THE REMEDIATION OF TRANSCENDENCE IN ARNOLD STADLER'S SEHNSUCHT AND SALVATORE
Authors: Fuchs Anne
Published: June 2014

Engaging with the current debate on secularism and the new religious turn in contemporary German literature, my paper explores the interdependence of voyeurism and transcendence in Arnold Stadler's Sehnsucht. Versuch über das erste Mal and Salvatore. Stadler's works articulate a poetics of longing that encompasses both the carnal and the transcendental. While the first part analyses the enmeshing of the protagonist's sexually charged scopophilic curiosity with his desire for transcendence in Sehnsucht, the second part analyses the sublimation and remediation of voyeurism in Salvatore. Here Stadler draws on Pasolini's film The Gospel According to Matthew and on Caravaggio's The Calling of St Matthew to set in train a complex circuit of intermedial and intertextual exchange. The conversion of Biblical text into film and Renaissance art and the reconversion of visual images into fictional text emphatically appeals to the reader's imaginative participation for the recovery of transcendence. Salvatore envisages a model of participatory discipleship that aims to unleash an aesthetically engendered presence in the recipient. Faith is no longer a matter of doctrinal teaching but an intermedial experience based on the persuasiveness of aesthetic images.
All Shook Up: Sexuality of Mid‐ to Later Life Married Couples
Authors: Lodge Amy C. , Umberson Debra
Published: June 2014

The authors integrate theoretical work on the performance of gender with a life course perspective to frame an analysis of in‐depth interviews with 17 long‐term married couples. The findings indicated that couples' sexual experiences are characterized by change over time, yet that change is shaped by the intersection of gender and age. Midlife couples (ages 50–69) were distressed by changes in their sex lives likely because they impede couples from performing gendered sexuality. The source of this distress stems from age‐related physical changes; however, it manifests in different ways for husbands and wives. In contrast, later life couples (ages 70–86) were more likely to emphasize the importance of emotional intimacy over sex as they age. Marital sex is a source of conflict for many midlife couples because of husbands' and wives' incongruent experiences, but later life husbands and wives tend to have more congruent experiences of marital sex.
Assessing Causality and Persistence in Associations Between Family Dinners and Adolescent Well‐Being
Authors: Musick Kelly , Meier Ann
Published: June 2014

Adolescents who share meals with their parents score better on a range of well‐being indicators. Using 3 waves of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (N = 17,977), the authors assessed the causal nature of these associations and the extent to which they persist into adulthood. They examined links between family dinners and adolescent mental health, substance use, and delinquency at Wave 1, accounting for detailed measures of the family environment to test whether family meals simply proxy for other family processes. As a more stringent test of causality, they estimated fixed‐effects models from Waves 1 and 2, and they used Wave 3 to explore persistence in the influence of family dinners. Associations between family dinners and adolescent well‐being remained significant, net of controls, and some held up to stricter tests of causality. Beyond indirect benefits via earlier well‐being, however, family dinners associations did not persist into adulthood.
Family Roles as Moderators of the Relationship Between Schedule Flexibility and Stress
Authors: Jung Jang Soo , Zippay Allison , Park Rhokeun
Published: June 2014

Employer initiatives that address the spillover of work strain onto family life include flexible work schedules. This study explored the mediating role of negative work–family spillover in the relationship between schedule flexibility and employee stress and the moderating roles of gender, family workload, and single‐parent status. Data were drawn from the 2008 National Study of the Changing Workforce, a nationally representative sample of working adults (N = 2,769). The results indicated that schedule flexibility was associated with less employee stress and that these associations were mediated by perceptions of negative work–family spillover. This study found the moderating relationships of gender, family workload, and single parenting in the relationships between schedule flexibility and negative work–family spillover and stress. Schedule flexibility had stronger relationships in reducing negative work–family spillover and stress among women, single parents, and employees with heavier family workloads. The findings provide empirical support for intervention efforts involving schedule flexibility to reduce workplace stress among employees with family responsibilities.
Those They Leave Behind: Paternal Incarceration and Maternal Instrumental Support
Authors: Turney Kristin , Schnittker Jason , Wildeman Christopher
Published: June 2014

As the American imprisonment rate has risen, researchers have become increasingly concerned about the implications of mass imprisonment for family life. The authors extend this research by examining how paternal incarceration is linked to perceived instrumental support among the mothers of inmates' children. Results from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,132) suggest that recent, but not current, paternal incarceration is independently associated with less maternal perceived instrumental support and that this association persists after adjusting for a rich set of control variables, including prior perceived instrumental support. For families of recently incarcerated men, incarceration may be a double strike, simultaneously increasing the need for instrumental support while decreasing its availability when incarcerated fathers return to the community.
Using Mixture Regression to Identify Varying Effects: A Demonstration With Paternal Incarceration
Authors: Dyer W. Justin , Pleck Joseph , McBride Brent
Published: June 2014

The most widely used techniques for identifying the varying effects of stressors involve testing moderator effects via interaction terms in regression or multiple‐group analysis in structural equation modeling. The authors present mixture regression as an alternative approach. In contrast to more widely used approaches, mixture regression identifies varying effects without reliance on tests of moderator variables, such as using interaction terms or multiple group analyses. In many instances, the use of mixture regression also more effectively tests higher order and multiple interactions. A mixture regression example is presented using 214 families from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study, half of whom had experienced paternal incarceration. Whereas typical regression and moderator analyses fail to find an effect or varying effects, mixture regression identified 4 classes uniquely influenced by the incarceration.
Significant improvement in mild acne following a twice daily application for 6 weeks of an acidic cleansing product (pH 4)
Authors: Abels Christoph , Reich Hubert , Knie Ulrich , Werdier Dieter , Lemmnitz Gunter
Published: June 2014

Background

Cleansing products for acne should remove excessive sebum, reduce acne‐related bacteria and improve inflammation.

Aims

The aim of the study was to investigate a topical cleansing product containing glycolic acid with pH 4 in mild acne vulgaris.

Methods

Sixty patients were recruited for this open uncontrolled clinical trial. The tested product was exclusively applied twice a day for 6 weeks. The efficacy was judged by a dermatologist according to the Leeds score after 3 and 6 weeks. In addition, efficacy and tolerability were judged subjectively by physician and patients.

Results

Mild acne improved significantly after 6 weeks (baseline: 0.699 vs. day 42: 0.602; P < 0.001). Efficacy and tolerability were judged better by physician as compared with patients' assessment.

Conclusion

In this clinical trial, a topical cleansing product containing glycolic acid with pH 4 improved mild acne significantly following twice‐daily application for 6 weeks as monotherapy.
Effect of Husbands' Employment Status on Their Wives' Subjective Well‐being in Korea
Authors: Kim Myoung‐Hee , Do Young Kyung
Published: June 2014

This study used data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey (2001, 2003–2007) to estimate the effect of a husband's unemployment on his wife's subjective well‐being (SWB). Ordinal and pooled binary logistic regression models were estimated using 20,099 observations from a sample of 4,569 married women; a fixed‐effects logistic regression model was also estimated using 5,514 observations from a restricted sample of 1,070 wives who experienced at least 1 change in SWB over the follow‐up period. The findings indicated that a husband's unemployment was detrimental to his wife's SWB. This spillover effect appeared to be mediated in part through nonpecuniary factors (i.e., dissatisfaction with family and social relations). These findings suggest that, beyond income loss and the well‐being of unemployed individuals, the social cost of unemployment should consider the negative effects of unemployment on the family, in particular the spouse.
The Continuation of Intimate Partner Violence From Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Cui Ming , Ueno Koji , Gordon Mellissa , Fincham Frank D.
Published: June 2014

Little attention has been paid to whether violence in adolescent romantic relationships is associated with relationship violence later in young adulthood. This study examined the continuation of intimate partner violence (IPV) from adolescence to young adulthood. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, results from negative binomial models and propensity score models showed that being victimized by relationship partners in adolescence was significantly associated with both perpetration and victimization in romantic relationships in young adulthood. Women reported higher levels of perpetration and lower levels of victimization than men did. Those who were living together (married or cohabiting) reported higher levels of victimization and perpetration than those who were dating. Further, such associations existed beyond the effects of parent–child violence and general aggression tendencies, suggesting the continuation of relationship‐specific violence. Finally, these patterns persisted after controlling for participants' age, race and ethnicity, parental education, and family structure.
Coresidence and Geographic Proximity of Mothers and Adult Children in Stepfamilies
Authors: Seltzer Judith A. , Yahirun Jenjira J. , Bianchi Suzanne M.
Published: June 2014

Children who live with or near a parent provide more care and receive more help from parents than geographically distant children. Stepfamily ties may be weaker than ties between biological kin, but little is known about the geographic proximity of step‐ versus biological kin. The authors used data from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 13,239 mothers and 45,675 biological and stepchildren) to show that stepchildren and stepmothers are less likely to live together, less likely to live nearby, and less likely to move closer than biological children and mothers. When mothers have only stepchildren, they are less likely to have a coresident child or a child nearby than mothers with both step‐ and biological children. Coresidence and geographic proximity are lower in stepfamilies formed after divorce than after widowhood. The findings are consistent with a legacy of conflict and strain and the likely competing needs of biological and stepmothers.