bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Sealing Ability of Two Materials at Five Different Implant‐Abutment Surfaces
Authors: Duarte Antonio R.C. , Rossetti Paulo H.O. , Rossetti Leylha M.N. , Torres Sergio A. , Bonachela Wellington C.
Published: October 2006

Background: The aim of the present study was to test the sealing ability of two materials at five different implant‐abutment surfaces.

Methods: In the first phase, 2 μl brain‐heart infusion (BHI) broth was deposited into the implant wells and glass culture tubes. A varnish or silicon sealant was applied at the cervical implant portion of experimental groups. The control group remained unexposed. The abutments were torque‐tightened to 20 Ncm with a manual torque driver. Implants were immersed in 4 ml BHI broth at 37°C for 2 hours to exclude contamination. In the second phase, 100 μl Enterococcus faecalis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strain 29212 was deposited into the glass culture tubes. After periods of 7, 14, 21, 35, 49, and 63 days, the sealing capacity was checked. Abutments were removed, and a sterile paper cone collected material inside implant bodies. This material was transferred to new tubes with BHI to verify the presence of cloudy broths within 24 to 48 hours.

Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two materials for each time period (Fisher exact test; P >0.05). Group E showed the least level of sealing ability (six implants contaminated), whereas group T showed the highest level (only two implants).

Conclusions: 1) Materials tested were not able to prevent contamination over 63 days. 2) Bacterial contamination was verified after 14 and 35 days in the control and experimental groups, respectively. 3) Although materials tested had demonstrated similar sealing capacities, dental implants showed bacterial contamination regardless of their external or internal hexagonal configurations.
Copyright and Cultural Production: A Knowledge and Wisdom Theory Perspective on Education Policy
Authors: Rooney David , McKenna Bernard , Keenan Thomas
Published: October 2006

This article addresses concerns about the role of education policy in the context of knowledge-related public policy. Specifically, it raises concerns about how the technocratic and anti-social tendencies already observed in knowledge-related policy discourse may adversely influence the intellectual and cultural life of communities. A key goal of this article, then, is to stimulate debate about how we might, through education policy, slow the relentless and socially impoverishing drive towards a more commercially and technologically centred society; a society that is savant-like in its technical capacities yet fails to measure up on basic social and cultural imperatives such as the pursuit of knowledge and cultural expression for their own sakes. The article draws on two complementary theories, the relational theory of knowledge and the balance theory of wisdom, to set out a novel framework for deciding what the goals of education in a knowledge society might be. Finally, the article will make a case study of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's 2003 Education Policy Analysis document to demonstrate how this relational and balance theory of knowledge can be used to evaluate and improve education policy for its contribution to achieving a knowledge society.
Polymorphism in Crystalline Cinchomeronic Acid
Authors: Braga Dario , Maini Lucia , Fagnano Concezio , Taddei Paola , Chierotti Michele R. , Gobetto Roberto
Published: October 2006

The structural relationship between the two crystal forms of cinchomeronic acid (CA 3,4‐dicarboxypyridine) has been investigated by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, IR and Raman spectroscopy and solid state NMR spectroscopy, showing that the two polymorphs form a monotropic system, with the orthorhombic form I being the thermodynamically stable form, while the monoclinic form II is unstable. In both forms CA crystallizes as a zwitterion and decomposes before melting. The crystal structure and spectroscopic analysis indicate that the difference in stability can be ascribed to the strength of the hydrogen‐bonding patterns established by the protonated N‐atom and the carboxylic/carboxylate O‐atoms.
Amination of [60]Fullerene by Ammonia and by Primary and Secondary Aliphatic Amines—Preparation of Amino[60]fullerene Peroxides
Authors: Hu Xiangqing , Jiang Zhongping , Jia Zhenshan , Huang Shaohua , Yang Xiaobing , Li Yuliang , Gan Liangbing , Zhang Shiwei , Zhu Daoben
Published: October 2006

Ammonia and aliphatic amines react readily in the oxygen‐rich regions of the Cs symmetric fullerene peroxides C60(O)(OOtBu)4 (1) and C60(OH)(Br)(OOtBu)4 (2 c). Michael addition‐type hydroamination of the 1,4‐diene moiety on the central skew‐pentagon was observed when 1 was treated with ammonia or with nonbulky primary amines, while sterically demanding primary amines opened the epoxy moiety to form vicinal aminohydroxy fullerene compounds with the amino group on the central pentagon. In 2 c the bromo group was replaced under similar conditions by ammonia and primary amines. Cyclic secondary amines showed different reaction patterns, forming hydrogenation products or aminoketal‐fullerenes when treated with 1 and 2 c, respectively. Single‐electron transfer (SET) is the key step in all the proposed mechanisms. The compounds were characterized by their spectroscopic data, and in addition, three single‐crystal X‐ray structures were obtained.
Structural, Magnetic, and Spectroscopic Studies of YAgSn, TmAgSn, and LuAgSn.
Authors: Sebastian C. Peter , Eckert Hellmut , Fehse Constanze , Wright Jon P. , Attfield J. Paul , Johrendt Dirk , Rayaprol Sudhindra , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Poettgen Rainer
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bi3+/M2+ Oxyphosphate: A Continuous Series of Polycationic Species from the 1D Single Chain to the 2D Planes. Part 2. Crystal Structure of Three Original Structural Types Showing a Combination of New Ribbon‐like Polycations.
Authors: Colmont Marie , Huve Marielle , Mentre Olivier
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure, Electronic Structure and Physical Properties of the New Low‐Valent Thallium Silicon Telluride Tl6Si2Te6 in Comparison to Tl6Ge2Te6.
Authors: Assoud Abdeljalil , Soheilnia Navid , Kleinke Holger
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Mercury Chromates Hg6Cr2O9 and Hg6Cr2O10 — Preparation and Crystal Structures, and Thermal Behavior of Hg6Cr2O9.
Authors: Weil Matthias , Stoeger Berthold
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Friedel—Crafts‐type Cyclization of 2,2‐Difluorovinyl Ketones via α‐Fluorocarbocations and Its Application in Domino Cyclizations.
Authors: Ichikawa Junji , Kaneko Mikio , Yokota Misaki , Itonaga Masaaki , Yokoyama Takaharu
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave Irradiation Assisted Facile Synthesis of New Imidazole, Pyrazine, and Benzodiazocine Derivatives Using Diaminomaleonitrile (I).
Authors: El‐Shaieb Kamal M.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Tuning the Oxidation Properties of Vanadium(V) Through Ligand Stoichiometry.
Authors: Zeng Wei , Ballard T. Eric , Melander Christian
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd/C—Et3N‐Mediated Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of Aromatic Chlorides under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Monguchi Yasunari , Kume Akira , Hattori Kazuyuki , Maegawa Tomohiro , Sajiki Hironao
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Potassium Fluoride/Basic Alumina as Far Superior Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Chemoselective Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to Electron‐Poor Alkenes Having Two Electron‐Withdrawing Groups in α‐ and β‐Positions.
Authors: Ballini Roberto , Palmieri Alessandro
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iron(III)—Zirconium(IV) Combined Salt Immobilized on N‐(Polystyrylbutyl)pyridinium Triflylimide as a Reusable Catalyst for a Dehydrative Esterification Reaction.
Authors: Nakamura Yuka , Maki Toshikatsu , Wang Xiaowei , Ishihara Kazuaki , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydroxyl‐Directed Conjugate Additions of Carbon Nucleophiles to Cyclopentadienones.
Authors: Pearson Anthony J. , Zhang Ming
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unusual Reaction of Endic Anhydride with 2‐Methyl‐2‐phenylaminopropanenitrile.
Authors: Pal'chikov V. A. , Tarabara I. N. , Kol'tsov N. Yu. , Kas'yan L. I.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some New Tertiary Amines and Their Application as Co‐Catalysts in Combination with L‐Proline in Enantioselective Baylis—Hillman Reaction Between o‐Nitrobenzaldehyde and Methyl Vinyl Ketone.
Authors: Tang Hongying , Zhao Guofeng , Zhou Zhenghong , Zhou Qilin , Tang Chuchi
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Asymmetric Cyano‐Ethoxycarbonylation Reaction of Aldehydes Using a Novel C2‐Symmetric Chiral N,N′‐Dioxide Titanium Complex.
Authors: Li Qinghan , Chang Lu , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Rh Catalysis in Cross‐Coupling Between Alkyl Halides and Arylzinc Compounds Possessing ortho‐COX (X: OR, NMe2, or Ph) Groups.
Authors: Takahashi Hideki , Inagaki Shinya , Nishihara Yasushi , Shibata Takanori , Takagi Kentaro
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Homocoupling of Aryl Bromides Catalyzed by Nickel Chloride in Pyridine.
Authors: Tao Xiao‐Chun , Zhou Wei , Zhang Yue‐Ping , Dai Chun‐Ya , Shen Dong , Huang Mei
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Alkynyl Additions to Aldehydes Catalyzed by Tunable Oxovanadium(V) Complexes of Schiff Bases of β‐Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Hsieh Sheng‐Hsiang , Gau Han‐Mou
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Decarboxylative Ring Contractions and Olefin Insertions of Vinyl Oxazinanones.
Authors: Wang Chao , Tunge Jon A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Thermal Iminocyclopropene Rearrangements: Regioselectivity in the Synthesis of Pyrroles.
Authors: Sato Hiroyasu , Hiroi Kunio
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Practical Mild, One‐Pot, Regiospecific Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles via Consecutive Sonogashira and Cacchi Reactions.
Authors: Lu Bruce Z. , Zhao Wenyi , Wei Han‐Xun , Dufour Marine , Farina Vittorio , Senanayake Chris H.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient and Convenient Method for Synthesis of 1‐Substituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Lin Chun Min , Wong Fung Fuh , Huang Jiann‐Jyh , Yeh Mou‐Yung
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Isoxazoles Derived from Benzosuberones.
Authors: Peesapati Venkateswarlu , Bathini Srinivas
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel, Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Human βII‐Tryptase Inhibitors.
Authors: Sperandio David , et al. et al.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Cycloaddition Reactions of Perfluoro‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles
Authors: Vasil'ev Nikolai V. , Romanov Dmitrii V. , Truskanova Tatyana D. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Zatonsky Georgy V.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical‐Promoted Cyclizations of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds to Benzopyrans Using Titanocene(III) Chloride.
Authors: Jana Samaresh , Roy Subhas Chandra
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some Novel Ethyl 5‐Methyl‐6‐cyano‐7‐substituted‐2‐oxo‐2H‐pyrano [2,3‐b]pyridine‐3‐carboxylate Derivatives.
Authors: Kumar N. Vasanth , Mashelker Uday C.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phenylboronic Acid as a Mild and Efficient Catalyst for Biginelli Reaction.
Authors: Debache Abdelmadjid , Boumoud Boudjemaa , Amimour Mouna , Belfaitah Ali , Rhouati Salah , Carboni Bertrand
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydro‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazine Derivatives via ZnCl2‐Catalyzed Cyclocondensation Reaction.
Authors: Ma Shuling , Li Jiarong , Sun Yongjiang , Zhao Jianmin , Zhao Xiaofan , Yang Xiquan , Zhang Lijun , Wang Lijun , Zhou Zhiming
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
First Synthesis of Pyrrolothiadiazinones. An Alternative Core Ring for Xanthine Based Structures.
Authors: Esteve Cristina , Vidal Bernat
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Substituted 2,3,5,6,7,8‐Hexahydropyrazolo[4,3‐d][1,2]diazepine‐8‐carboxylates.
Authors: Bevk David , Groselj Uros , Meden Anton , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hypervalent Organoantimony Compound 12‐Aryltetrahydrodibenz[c,f][1,5]azastibocine: New Transmetalating Agent for Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Organic Halides.
Authors: Kakusawa Naoki , Kurita Jyoji
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β‐Phthalimide Acrylates to Synthesis of β2‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Huang Hanmin , Liu Xiongcai , Deng Jun , Qiu Min , Zheng Zhuo
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective Introduction of a Fluorine Atom into Carbohydrates and a Nucleoside by Ring‐Opening Fluorination Reaction of Epoxides
Authors: Akiyama Yuriko , Hiramatsu Chiharu , Fukuhara Tsuyoshi , Hara Shoji
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation and Reactivity of Novel Pyranosidic Nicholas Oxocarbenium Ions: Access to C‐Ketosides and Branched‐Chain C‐Ketosides.
Authors: Gomez Ana M. , Uriel Clara , Valverde Serafin , Lopez J. Cristobal
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radicamines A and B: Synthesis and Revision of the Absolute Configuration.
Authors: Yu Chu‐Yi , Huang Mu‐Hua
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Pyrroloisoquinolines from Papaverine
Authors: Krivorotov D. V. , Vorob'ev M. V. , Polukeev V. A. , Glibin E. N.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (R)‐(+)‐Goniothalamin and (R)‐(+)‐Goniothalamin Oxide: First Application of the Sulfoxide‐Modified Julia Olefination in Total Synthesis.
Authors: Pospisil Jiri , Marko Istvan E.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterocyclic Analogues of Prostaglandins. Part 3. Synthesis of 10‐Oxa‐13‐aza (X), 11‐Oxa‐13‐aza (VIIa) ‐ (VIIc), and 9‐Oxa‐7‐aza Prostanoids (VIId) from 3‐Acyl‐ and 3‐(3‐Arylprop‐2‐enoyl)furan‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Pashkovskii F. S. , Shchukina E. M. , Gribovskii M. G. , Lakhvich F. A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel Substituted/Unsubstituted‐ (2,8‐bis‐trifluoromethyl‐quinolin‐4‐yloxy)‐acetic Acid: Derivatives of Cephalosporin and Their Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Singh Santosh Kumar , Nahta Ajay , Tiwari R. P. , Jain Praveen
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxazinins from Toxic Mussels: Isolation of a Novel Oxazinin and Reassignment of the C‐2 Configuration of Oxazinin‐1 and ‐2 on the Basis of Synthetic Models.
Authors: Ciminiello Patrizia , Dell'Aversano Carmela , Fattorusso Ernesto , Forino Martino , Magno Silvana , Santelia Federico Umberto , Moutsos Vassilios I. , Pitsinos Emmanuel N. , Couladouros Elias A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Melophlins P, Q, R, and S: Four New Tetramic Acid Derivatives, from Two Palauan Marine Sponges of the Genus Melophlus.
Authors: Xu Jinzhong , Hasegawa Masateru , Harada Ken‐ichi , Kobayashi Hisayoshi , Nagai Hiroshi , Namikoshi Michio
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Biomimetic Synthesis of Marine Sponge Metabolite Spiculoic Acid A and Establishment of the Absolute Configuration of the Natural Product.
Authors: Kirkham James E. D. , Lee Victor , Baldwin Jack E.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unusual Properties of Icosahedral Boron‐Rich Solids
Authors: Emin David
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Predicting Catalysis: Understanding Ammonia Synthesis from First‐Principles Calculations
Authors: Hellman A. , et al. et al.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Kibler Ludwig A.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Topologically Novel Multiple Rotaxanes and Catenanes Based on Tetraurea Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Bogdan Anca , Rudzevich Yuliya , Vysotsky Myroslav O. , Boehmer Volker
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Surface Reactions on Demand: Electrochemical Control of SAM‐Based Reactions
Authors: Choi Insung S. , Chi Young Shik
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Combining Enabling Techniques in Organic Synthesis: Continuous Flow Processes with Heterogenized Catalysts
Authors: Kirschning Andreas , Solodenko Wladimir , Mennecke Klaas
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Antibacterial Natural Products in Medicinal Chemistry — Exodus or Revival?
Authors: von Nussbaum Franz , Brands Michael , Hinzen Berthold , Weigand Stefan , Haebich Dieter
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Creation of Low Toxic Reverse‐Transcriptase Inhibitory Nucleosides that Prevent the Emergence of Drug‐Resistant HIV Variants
Authors: Ohrui Hiroshi , Hayakawa Hiroyuki , Kohgo Satoru , Matsuoka Masao , Kodama Eiichi , Mitsuya Hiroaki
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthetic Use of Molecular Iodine for Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Togo Hideo , Iida Shinpei
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Calorimetry: An Indispensible Tool in the Design of Molecular Hosts
Authors: Schmidtchen Franz P.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Quantitative Approaches to Solute—Solvent Interactions
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S.
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ordered Mesoporous Materials in the Context of Drug Delivery Systems and Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Vallet‐Regi Maria
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Use of Solid Residue from the Olive Industry
Authors: Guinda Angeles
Published: October 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Sixteen 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐ and 7‐Hydroxy‐1‐hydrindanones and 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐ and 8‐Hydroxy‐1‐hydroazulenones
Authors: Tsantali Georgia G. , Dimtsas John , Tsoleridis Constantinos A. , Takakis Ioannis M.
Published: October 2006

3‐Hydroxyoctahydro‐4H‐inden‐4‐ones and 7‐hydroxyoctahydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ones (1, 2 and 3, 4, respectively), as well as the homologous 3‐hydroxyoctahydro‐4(1H)‐azulenones (5, 6) and 8‐hydroxyoctahydro‐1(2H)‐azulenones (7, 8), were prepared diastereoselectively either from the precursor α,β‐enones 9, 10, 11, and 12 or by an isoxazoline method. Unmasking of the isoxazolines 13i, 14i, and 14j with O3 proved a more stereoselective process than hydrogenolysis. In many cases epimerization with 100 % completeness was observed on passing the epimerizable diastereomers once through a column filled with silica gel, the trans‐fused hydrindanones thus in most cases furnishing the cis‐fused epimers and the cis‐fused hydroazulenones the trans forms. These results have been corroborated by AM1 theoretical computations, which indicate that the cis‐fused epimers in these hydrindanone systems are more stable than the trans‐fused variants, whereas the reverse was calculated for the hydroazulenone homologues. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Capillary electrochromatography‐mass spectrometry of cationic surfactants
Authors: Norton Dean , Rizvi Syed Asad Ali , Shamsi Shahab A.
Published: October 2006

The CEC‐MS of alkyltrimethylammonium (ATMA+) ions with chain lengths ranging from C1–C18 is optimized using an internally tapered column packed with mixed mode reversed phase/strong cation exchange stationary phase. A systematic study of the CEC separation parameters is conducted followed by evaluation of the ESI‐MS sheath liquid and spray chamber settings. First, the optimization of CEC separation parameters are performed including the ACN concentration, triethylamine (TEA) content, buffer pH and ammonium acetate concentration. Using 90% v/v ACN with 0.04% v/v TEA as mobile phase, the separation of longer chain C6–C18‐TMA+ surfactants could be achieved in 15 min. Lowering the ACN concentration to 70% v/v provided resolution of shorter chain C1, C2‐TMA+ from C6‐TMA+ although the total analysis time increased to 40 min. Furthermore, variation of both the ACN and TEA content as well as ionic strength has found to significantly influence the retention of longer chain surfactants as compared to shorter chains. The optimum CEC conditions are 70% v/v ACN, 0.04% v/v TEA, pH 3.0 and 15 mM ammonium acetate. Next, the optimization of the ESI‐MS sheath liquid composition is conducted comparing methanol to isopropanol followed by the use of experimental design for analysis of spray chamber parameters. Overall, the developed CEC‐ESI‐MS method allows quantitative and sensitive monitoring of ATMA+ from ≤10 μg/mL down to 10 ng/mL. Utilizing the optimized CEC‐ESI‐MS protocol, the challenging analysis of commercial sample Arquad S‐50 ATMA+ containing cis‐trans unsaturated and saturated soyabean fatty acid derivatives is demonstrated.
Electrophoretic mobility shift assay on poly(ethylene glycol)‐modified glass microchips for the study of estrogen responsive element binding
Authors: Chuang Yen‐Jun , Huang Jia‐Wei , Makamba Honest , Tsai Mei‐Ling , Li Chun‐Wei , Chen Shu‐Hui
Published: October 2006

The binding of estrogen receptor (ER) to estrogen response element (ERE) is essential for genomic pathways of estrogens and gel‐based electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is commonly used for analyzing ERE binding. Gel‐based EMSA, however, requires the use of hazard radio isotopes and they are slow, labor‐intensive and difficult to quantify. Here, we present quantitative affinity assays based on microchip electrophoresis using PEG‐modified glass microchannels, which bear neutral surfaces against the adsorption of acidic DNA molecules and basic ER proteins. We first demonstrated the feasibility of the method by measuring binding constants of recombinant ERα and ERβ with a consensus ERE sequence (cERE, 5'‐GGTCAGAGTGACC‐3') as well as with an ERE‐like sequence (ERE 1576, 5'‐GACCGGTCAGCGGACTCAC‐3'). Changes in mobility as a function of protein‐DNA molar ratios were plotted and the dissociation constants were determined based on non‐linear curve fitting. The minimum amount of ER proteins required for one assay was around 0.2 ng and the run time for one chip analysis was less than 2 min. We further measured the estrogenic compound‐mediated dissociation constants with recombinant ER proteins as well as with the extracted ERβ from treated and untreated A549 bronchioloalveolar carcinoma cells. Dissociation constants determined by this method agree with the fact that agonist compounds such as 17β‐estradiol (1.70 nM), diethylstilbestrol (0.14 nM), and genistein (0.80 nM) assist ERE binding by decreasing the constants; while antagonist compounds such as testosterone (140.4 nM) and 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (10.5 nM) suppress the binding by increasing the dissociation constant.
Simvastatin regulates oligodendroglial process dynamics and survival
Authors: Miron Veronique E. , Rajasekharan Sathyanath , Jarjour Andrew A. , Zamvil Scott S. , Kennedy Timothy E. , Antel Jack P.
Published: October 2006

Simvastatin, a lipophilic statin that crosses the blood‐brain barrier, is being evaluated as a potential therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) due to its anti‐inflammatory properties. We assessed the effects of simvastatin on cultures of rat newborn and human fetal oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and human adult mature oligodendrocytes (OLGs) with respect to cellular events pertaining to myelin maintenance and repair. Short‐term simvastatin treatment of OPCs (1 day) induced robust process extension, enhanced differentiation to a mature phenotype, and decreased spontaneous migration. These effects were reversed by isoprenoid products and mimicked with an inhibitor of Rho kinase (ROCK), the downstream effector of the isoprenylated protein RhoA GTPase. Prolonged treatment (2 days) caused process retraction that was rescued by cholesterol, and increased cell death (4 days) partially rescued by either cholesterol or isoprenoid co‐treatment. In comparison, simvastatin treatment of human mature OLGs required a longer initial time course (2 days) to induce significant process outgrowth, mimicked by inhibiting ROCK. Prolonged treatment of mature OLGs was associated with process retraction (6 days) and increased cell death (8 days). Human‐derived OPCs and mature OLGs demonstrated an increased sensitivity to simvastatin relative to the rodent cells, responding to nanomolar versus micromolar concentrations. Our findings indicate the importance of considering the short‐ and long‐term effects of systemic immunomodulatory therapies on neural cells affected by the MS disease process. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of photoactivation protocol and radiant exposure on monomer conversion and flexural strength of a resin composite after water and ethanol storage
Authors: Gonçalves F. , Calheiros F. C. , Witzel M. F. , Kawano Y. , Braga R. R.
Published: October 2006

The use of soft‐start photoactivation to reduce shrinkage stress has become widespread in restorative dentistry. However, an increased susceptibility to ethanol degradation of polymers formed by pulse‐delay photoactivation was reported. It was hypothesized that reductions in flexural strength after ethanol storage were related not only to low curing rates, but also to the radiant exposure employed. A commercial composite was subjected to different curing protocols (continuous at high irradiance, continuous at low irradiance, and pulse‐delay) and radiant exposures (6, 12, and 24 J/cm2). After 48 h, differences in degree of conversion were minimal and no differences in strength were detected among specimens stored in water. Ethanol storage caused significant strength reductions in pulse‐delay and low irradiance specimens that received 6 J/cm2. The results suggest that when low irradiances or pulse‐delay methods are used, a relatively high radiant exposure is necessary to originate a polymer network structure similar to that obtained by continuous high irradiance photoactivation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Controlling diffusion of 3He by buffer gases: A structural contrast agent in lung MRI
Authors: Acosta Rodolfo H. , Blümler Peter , Agulles‐Pedrós Luis , Morbach Andreas E. , Schmiedeskamp Jörg , Herweling Annette , Wolf Ursula , Scholz Alexander , Schreiber Wolfgang G. , Heil Werner , Thelen Manfred , Spiess Hans‐Wolfgang
Published: October 2006

Purpose

To study the influence of admixing inert buffer gases to laser‐polarized 3He in terms of resulting diffusion coefficients and the consequences for image contrast and resolution.

Materials and Methods

The diffusion coefficient of 3He was altered by admixing buffer gases of various molecular weights (4He, N2, and SF6). The influence of the pulse sequence and the diffusion coefficient on the appearance of MRI of (laser‐polarized) gases was analyzed by comparison of basic theoretical concepts with demonstrative experiments.

Results

Excellent agreement between theoretical description and observed signal in simple gradient echoes was observed. A maximum signal gain can be predicted and was experimentally validated. Images acquired under such conditions revealed improved resolution. The nature and concentration of the admixed gas defines a structural threshold for the observed apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as demonstrated with diffusion‐weighted MRI on a pig's lung flooded with suitable gas mixtures.

Conclusion

A novel procedure is proposed to control the diffusion coefficient of gases in MRI by admixture of inert buffer gases. Their molecular mass and concentration enter as additional parameters into the equations that describe structural contrast. This allows for setting a structural threshold up to which structures contribute to the image. For MRI of the lung this enables images of very small structural elements (alveoli) only, or in the other extreme, all airways can be displayed with minimal signal loss due to diffusion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman spectroscopic study of oxidation and phase transition in W18O49 nanowires
Authors: Lu D. Y. , Chen J. , Zhou J. , Deng S. Z. , Xu N. S. , Xu J. B.
Published: October 2006

W18O49 nanowires were synthesized by a high‐temperature physical evaporation technique. The structure, morphology, and composition of the nanowires were characterized by SEM, EMPA, XRD, XPS, and HRTEM techniques. The intrinsic Raman spectrum of W18O49 nanowires was obtained, and the effect of laser power on the change of their structure was also studied. W18O49 nanowires were first oxidized to tungsten trioxide nanowires under irradiation of a certain laser power, and then the tungsten trioxide nanowires underwent a phase transition from monoclinic to orthorhombic with increasing laser power; this phase transition was reversible on turning down the laser power. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lattice dynamic investigation of the Raman and infrared wavenumbers of orthorhombic R2BaNiO5 (R = Y, Gd) oxides in Immm structure
Authors: Gupta H. C. , Sharma V.
Published: October 2006

A short‐range force constant model has been applied to investigate the Raman and the infrared wavenumbers in R2BaNiO5 (R = Y, Gd) in their orthorhombic phase of space group Immm. Calculations of zone‐center phonons are made with seven stretching and four bending force constants. The force constants are evaluated by fitting nine Raman and two infrared modes. Two Raman modes are reassigned on the basis of group theoretical calculations. The calculated Raman and infrared modes show good agreement with the observed values. The infrared values are assigned for the first time in these oxides. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic changes associated with ripening of grape berries
Authors: Dal Peruffo A. Belin , Pallavicini C.
Published: October 2006

The isoenzyme patterns of glutamate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase and acid phosphatase in grape berries at various stages of ripening were determined by gel isoelectric focusing. The ripening of the grape berries was characterised by the appearance of new isoenzyme bands for malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Evidence of increase in the total enzyme activities during the ripening was obtained. Only one form of leucine aminopeptidase was found, but this also increased in intensity as ripening progressed.
The development of a vocabulary and profile assessment method for evaluating the flavour contribution of cider and perry aroma constituents
Authors: Williams Anthony A.
Published: October 2006

Profile assessment of a cider or perry and correlation of the information with analytical data offer many advantages when evaluating the sensory significance of the large number of components detectable in such beverages by gas chromatography and other analytical techniques. The application of this method together with the general need to be able to record and communicate information on the flavour of beverages makes the development of a meaningful language essential. All terms used in such a language must be universally understandable and accurately definable, preferably in terms of readily available standards. The progress in the development of such a vocabulary for assessing the aroma of ciders and the incorporation of the results into a profile assessment sheet are reported.
A study of transit conditions and packaging of carrots exported by sea from Cyprus
Authors: Vakis Nikos , Marriott John , Proctor Felicity J.
Published: October 2006

The conditions of shipment were monitored during 1971 for a number of sea shipments of carrots exported from Cyprus. The carrots were packed in cotton nets with and without perforated polyethylene liners and cooled following stowage in in the hold. A temperature of 5 °C was achieved in the hold within 3–4 days following the commencement of cooling for both packing methods. During 1972 an assessment of outturn was made on a number of trial shipments during discharge in the United Kingdom and was combined with simulated “market life” holding trials for the two packing methods. Carrots packed in lined nets lost 2–4% less weight, were substantially fresher in appearance and contained no more infected roots than those in unlined nets during the “market life” holding trials.
The mineral composition of apples. Composition in relation to disorders of fruit imported from the southern hemisphere
Authors: Perring Michael A. , Sharples Richard O.
Published: October 2006

Calcium concentrations in individual apples grown in Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, and affected by lenticel blotch pit, were low (1.5–3.1 mg per 100 g fresh weight). Bulked samples of Cox's Orange Pippin fruit grown in 19 orchards in New Zealand and imported in 1971 and 1974 had, on average, lower concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen than is usual in this variety grown in England. Comparisons of concentrations of calcium and the incidence of bitter pit in these samples indicated a similar threshold of 5.5 mg per 100 g above which the disorder was unlikely to occur and which is similar to that found for bulked English Cox apples. Although bitter pit symptoms were visible externally in many apples, about twice the number were found to be affected by the disorder when cut.
Physical properties and applications of aqueous solutions of Albizia zygia gum
Authors: Ashton William R. , Jefferies Martin , Morley Robert G. , Pass Geoffrey , Phillips Glyn O. , Power David M.
Published: October 2006

Some physical properties of aqueous solutions of African Albizia zygia (D.C.) Macbride have been evaluated. Approximately 80% of the gum is soluble in the cold with the remainder dispersed as fine particles of gel. pH titration of the gum indicates one acid group, pKa = 3.8, for every three monosaccharide units. Solutions of the gum exhibit typical polyelectrolyte behaviour. The viscosity of the solutions increases with concentration but above 1.5% the solutions exhibit shear‐thinning. The viscosity of an ice cream mix containing the gum and the properties of the resultant ice cream are compared with standard mixes.
Nutritive value of some improved varieties of legumes
Authors: Khan Mohammed Akmal , Jacobsen Ingeborg , Eggum Bøsrn O.
Published: October 2006

The nutritional quality of some improved varieties of chick peas (Cicer arietinum), mash beans (Phaseolus mungo), mung beans (Phaseolus aureus) and cow peas (Vigna sinensis), grown in Pakistan, was measured chemically (including amino acid analyses) and biologically in N‐balance experiments with growing rats. Lysine and total sulphur amino acids were lowered in varieties with a higher content of protein. The true protein digestibility (TD), biological value (BV) and net protein utilisation (NPU) of different varieties of chick peas, mung beans and cow peas varied between 85–89, 83–85 and 87–92%, 62–69, 54–56 and 55–59% and 55–60, 45–48 and 50–51%, respectively. The TD of protein was highest (89%) in chick peas, 6560 having a higher protein content (29.4%) while its BV was lowest (62%) as compared to the other varieties of chick peas. There was a significant correlation (r=0.97) between BV and the total sulphur containing amino acids and BV could be predicted from the regression equation; BV (%)= 33.03 + 10.56x methionine+cystine (g per 16 g N). This indicates that methionine+cystine are the first limiting amino acids in these varieties. Tannin content does not seem to affect the TD of mash and mung beans.
Hibiscus sabdariffa Seed Oil: A Re‐investigation
Authors: Ahmad Moghis U. , Husain Syed K. , Ahmad Ishtiaque , Osman Sheikh M.
Published: October 2006

Due to controversial reports on the component acids of Hibiscus sabdariffa seed fat and in anticipation of the co‐occurrence of cyclopropene and epoxy acids in the seed oils of Malvaceae (especially in the genus Hibiscus)5,6 it was considered worthwhile to re‐examine the seed oil of H. sabdariffa. Seed oil of H. sabdariffa (Malvaceae) contains myristic (2.1%), palmitic (35.2%), palmitoleic (2.0%), stearic (3.4%), oleic (34.0%), linoleic (14.6%) and three unusual HBr‐reacting fatty acids. These acids are cis‐12,13‐epoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenoic (12,13‐epoxyoleic), 4.5 %; sterculic, 2.9%; and malvalic, 1.3%. Acetolysis of epoxide in the presence of cyclopropenes was effected by room temperature treatment with acetic acid‐10% sulphuric acid. Seed oils of Vernonia anthelmintica and Sterculia foetida were used as reference standards.
Nutrient content and distribution in milling fractions of rice grain
Authors: Resurrection Adoration P. , Juliano Bienvenido O. , Tanaka Yonemi
Published: October 2006

Nutrient content and distribution in a low‐protein (7.5%) rice and a high‐protein (10.8 %) rice were studied by analysing successive abrasive milling fractions of brown rice. Non‐starch constituents decreased from the surface to the centre of the grain in both rices, except that the highest protein fraction in high‐protein rice was the sub‐aleurone layer. Starch and amylose contents of starch increased progressively from the surface to the centre of the grain and were lower in high‐protein grain. Although this low‐protein rice had lower total ash content than the high‐protein rice, other samples of the same low‐protein rice had comparable ash content to the high‐protein rice. Glutelin accounted for 87–93% of milled rice protein. Protein and protein bodies of the sub‐aleurone layer and inner endosperm have similar amino‐grams, and electrophoretic patterns using analytical and SDS‐polyacrylamide disc gels.
A laboratory rainfall simulator study for determining the nutrient erodibility of an oxisol
Authors: Van Berghe C. H. Den , De Boodt Marcelle F.
Published: October 2006

Soil from an oxisol from Toradja (Indonesia) was treated with NPK fertiliser at rates of 20, 100 and 200 kg ha−1. Each sample was subjected to 60 mm of simulated rainfall and analyses made of the run‐off suspension and water, and of drainage, for N03‐N, P and K. For two storms, separated by a drying period of 10 days, the total losses were 16.8% of the added N, 12.1% of P and 19.6% of K.
Identification of oleanolic acid from saponins present in lucerne (alfalfa) root
Authors: West Leslie G.
Published: October 2006

Oleanolic acid (3β‐hydroxy‐Δ12‐oleanene‐28‐oic acid) was identified as a component of those lucerne (alfalfa) root saponins which complex with β‐sitosterol. The identity was confirmed by thin‐layer, gas‐liquid and high performance liquid chromatography of the free acid and methyl ester and/or acetyl methyl ester derivatives as compared to authentic reference compounds. Two isomers of oleanolic acid, namely ursolic and betulinic acids were not detected. This is the first report of the detection of this compound in lucerne.