bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian approach to blood rheological uncertainties in aortic hemodynamics
Authors: Ranftl Sascha , Müller Thomas Stephan , Windberger Ursula , Brenn Günter , von der Linden Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

Computational hemodynamics has received increasing attention recently. Patient‐specific simulations require questionable model assumptions, for example, for geometry, boundary conditions, and material parameters. Consequently, the credibility of these simulations is much doubted, and rightly so. Yet, the matter may be addressed by a rigorous uncertainty quantification. In this contribution, we investigated the impact of blood rheological models on wall shear stress uncertainties in aortic hemodynamics obtained in numerical simulations. Based on shear‐rheometric experiments, we compare the non‐Newtonian Carreau model to a simple Newtonian model and a Reynolds number‐equivalent Newtonian model. Bayesian Probability Theory treats uncertainties consistently and allows to include elusive assumptions such as the comparability of flow regimes. We overcome the prohibitively high computational cost for the simulation with a surrogate model, and account for the uncertainties of the surrogate model itself, too. We have two main findings: (1) The Newtonian models mostly underestimate the uncertainties as compared to the non‐Newtonian model. (2) The wall shear stresses of specific persons cannot be distinguished due to largely overlapping uncertainty bands, implying that a more precise determination of person‐specific blood rheological properties is necessary for person‐specific simulations. While we refrain from a general recommendation for one rheological model, we have quantified the error of the uncertainty quantification associated with these modeling choices.
Surfactant‐Free and Microporous AlOOH/Al2O3 Nanosheets on TiO2‐Based Nanofibers: A Sustained‐Release Dominated Topotactic Transformation
Authors: Fu Wanlin , Zhan Qi , Yu Ying , Meng Xiangyu , Tang Mingyu , Wang Yunpeng , Sun Yueming , Dai Yunqian
Published: January 2022

Up to now, the synthesis of non‐ligand‐capped 2D transition‐metal nanostructures remained big synthetic challenges. Herein, ultrathin and microporous AlOOH/Al2O3 nanosheets were topologically grown on the surface of TiO2‐based nanofibers by a water‐only hydrothermal strategy starting from electrospun Al2O3/TiO2 nanofibers. The TiO2 nanofibers lowered the surface energy for the sustained‐released aluminum species and thereby allowed them in situ hydrated to laminar AlOOH. The metastable AlOOH tended to dehydrate to Al2O3 simultaneously, leaving a well‐maintained 2D structure with sharp corners and steps, as well as enriched micropores. The nanosheets‐on‐nanofibers exhibited 2856–3370 mg/g of adsorption capacity toward RhB and an efficient removal efficiency over 70% at high throughput (30 mL/h). The promoted light‐harvesting by the perpendicularly attached nanosheets further endowed a significant photodegradation for RhB within 1 h. The presented green and facile approach toward the fabrication of 2D metal oxide nanostructures paves the way to a new variety of oxide nanomaterials.
Temperature‐Dependent Terahertz Spectra of Isonicotinamide in the Form I Studied Using the Quasi‐Harmonic Approximation
Authors: Li Yin , Sun Yiwen , Li Qiqi , Lei Jiangtao , Yang Bo , Shen Yun , Cai Yingxiang , Deng Xiaohua
Published: January 2022

Anharmonicity of molecular vibrational motions is closely associated with the thermal property of crystals. However, the origin of anharmonicity is still not fully understood. Low‐frequency vibrations, which are usually defined in the terahertz (THz) range, show excellent sensitivity to anharmonicity. In this work, anharmonicity of isonicotinamide in the form I was investigated by using temperature‐dependent terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy and the quasi‐harmonic approximation (QHA) approach at PBE‐D3 and PBE‐MBD levels. Both DFT calculations suggest the variation of π‐π stacking conformation dominates in the thermal expansion of the unit cell. Frequency shifts of the modes in THz range obtained by QHA approach are found to be qualitatively consistent with experimental observations, demonstrating QHA approach is a useful tool for the interpretation of frequency shifts of modes induced by temperature.
Synergistic Effects of Surface Coating and Bulk Doping in Ni‐Rich Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide Cathode Materials for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Reissig Friederike , Lange Martin A. , Haneke Lukas , Placke Tobias , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Winter Martin , Schmuch Richard , Gomez‐Martin Aurora
Published: January 2022

Invited for this month′s cover is a combined work of the Helmholtz Institute Münster together with the MEET Battery Research Center and the Universities of Münster and Mainz. The cover shows multiple treatment choices for the modification of cathode active materials for lithium‐ion batteries. Similar to a car wash program, the treatment will typically result in an improvement of the status quo. However, the best treatment procedure will only become clear if all modification pathways are explored. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202102220.
Trends and characteristics of hospitalizations for heart failure in the United States from 2004 to 2018
Authors: Salah Husam M. , Minhas Abdul Mannan Khan , Khan Muhammad Shahzeb , Khan Safi U. , Ambrosy Andrew P. , Blumer Vanessa , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Greene Stephen J. , Pandey Ambarish , Fudim Marat
Published: January 2022

Aims

Hospitalization for heart failure (HF) constitutes a major healthcare and economic burden. Trends and characteristics of hospitalizations for HF for the recent years are not clear. We sought to determine the trends and characteristics of hospitalization for HF in the United States.

Method and results

A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample weighted data between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2018, which included hospitalized adults ≥ 18 years with primary discharge diagnosis of HF using International Classification of Diseases‐9/10 administrative codes. Main outcomes were trends in hospitalizations for HF (per 1000 person) and inpatient mortality (%) between 2004 and 2018.

Conclusions

Hospitalizations for HF have been increasing across both sexes and age groups since 2013, whereas inpatient mortality has been decreasing over the study period. Blacks have the highest risk of hospitalization for HF, and Whites have the highest in‐hospital mortality. There are significant racial and geographic disparities related to hospitalizations for HF.
Decoding the signaling profile of hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) in innate immunity: A proteomic approach
Authors: Bader Almke , Winkelmann Michael , Forné Ignasi , Walzog Barbara , Maier‐Begandt Daniela
Published: January 2022

Signaling via β2 integrins (CD11/CD18) as well as TCRs and BCRs involves similar pathways. However, the activation of the same signaling molecule can result in opposing effects. One such example is the hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1), which negatively regulates T and B cell activation but enforces neutrophil adhesion via β2 integrins. This difference may be defined by specific HPK1 interacting networks in different leukocyte subsets which have already been described in the adaptive immune system. Here, we set out to identify interacting proteins of HPK1 in neutrophil‐like differentiated HL‐60 cells exposed to immobilized fibrinogen and left nonactivated or Mn2+‐activated to allow β2 integrin‐dependent adhesion. Co‐IP experiments followed by mass spectrometry led to the identification of 115 HPK1‐interacting proteins. A total of 58 proteins were found only in nonactivated cells and 39 proteins only in Mn2+‐activated adherent cells. From these results, we decoded a pre‐existing signaling cluster of HPK1 in nonactivated cells encompassing proteins essential for β2 integrin‐mediated signaling during neutrophil trafficking, namely DNAX‐activation protein 12 (DAP12), spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), and Rac1. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the complex architecture of the signaling processes during neutrophil activation and the complex signaling profile of HPK1 in leukocytes.
Controlled‐release nitrogen fertilizer management influences grain yield in winter wheat by regulating flag leaf senescence post‐anthesis and grain filling
Authors: Ma Quan , Sun Quan , Zhang Xinbo , Li Fujian , Ding Yonggang , Tao Rongrong , Zhu Min , Ding Jinfeng , Li Chunyan , Guo Wenshan , Zhu Xinkai
Published: January 2022

Controlled‐release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) is expected to meet the nutrient demands for crop growth with single fertilizer application, so as to achieve high‐yield, high‐efficiency, and labor‐saving cultivation. However, under current CRNF practices, a single application of CRNF in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) usually fails to achieve satisfactory effects due to insufficient nitrogen (N) supply in the later growth stage, contributing to premature leaf senescence and poor grain filling. To determine a reasonable CRNF application strategy for improving the grain weight and yield of winter wheat, the responses of leaf senescence, photosynthetic capacity, grain‐filling characteristics, and grain yield to different CRNF types [polymer‐coated urea (PCU), sulfur‐coated urea (SCU), and urea‐formaldehyde (UF)] and fertilization practices [single fertilization (P1) and twice‐split fertilization (P2)] were investigated. The results showed that, compared with P1, P2 increased the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, alleviated the accumulation of malondialdehyde, delayed flag leaf senescence, and enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of the flag leaves, which promoted assimilate accumulation and transport to the grains. These advantages in P2 improved the grain‐filling process of wheat, with the active filling duration (T), average filling rate (G), and maximum filling rate (Gmax) in P2 all being higher than those in P1, which significantly increased the 1000‐grain weight (TGW) and grain yield of wheat. Among the three CRNFs, PCU showed advantages in Pn at the milk‐ripe stage (Zadoks growth stage, GS75), dry matter accumulation post‐anthesis, T, Gmax, and G, which contributed to TGW and grain yield. Overall, our study suggested that the twice‐split application of CRNF could substantially delay leaf senescence post‐anthesis and increase photosynthetic capacity, thus improving grain filling and productivity in winter wheat.
Will temperature and rainfall changes prevent yield progress in Europe?
Authors: Lopes Marta S.
Published: January 2022

Concerns about the effects of global warming on crop yields have been raised due to stagnating yield progress in recent years. However, an understanding of the effects of changes in temperature and rainfall throughout the crop cycle on historical yield progress is lacking in Europe (EU). In this study, positive wheat, barley, rice, and maize yield progress in the EU (1961–2019) was significant, with rates of 0.05, 0.04, 0.05, and 0.07 Tha−1year−1, for the four crops respectively. Much of this progress has been sustained by Eastern European countries (EE), which had the highest yield progress rates. On average, in the case of wheat and barley, a temperature increase of 1°C in the winter resulted in yields increasing by +0.33 Tha−1 in EE. This was potentially due to decreasing cold damage and improved photosynthesis and vegetative growth, supporting positive yield progress. Recent historical (2001–2019) rates of wheat, barley, rice, and maize yield progress were positive in all EU regions except Western Europe (WE), barley in Southern Europe (SE) and wheat in Northern Europe (NE). Stagnated wheat, barley and rice yields in WE were not explained by temperature or rainfall using direct correlations of observed data. However, May and July temperatures were associated with wheat yields in NE (−0.30 Tha−1°C−1), barley in SE (−0.14 Tha−1°C−1) and maize in WE and SE (−0.42 and −0.39 Tha−1°C−1). With increasing temperatures becoming less than optimal for photosynthesis, reducing grain filling duration and increasing drought episodes, crop yields have stagnated for wheat in NE and barley in SE. With consistent increases in temperature and water evaporative demand expected in the future, the interplay among genetic adaptation, increased crop cycle duration, drought tolerance, sowing dates, smart irrigation and sustainable practices may require thorough regional testing to maximise the yields of wheat, barley and maize in Europe.
Influences of CO2‐cured cement powders on hydration of cement paste
Authors: Kong Yukun , Song Yufeng , Weng Yiwei , Kurumisawa Kiyofumi , Yan Dongming , Zhou Xiangming , Wang Su , Ruan Shaoqin
Published: January 2022

Carbonated cement pastes (CCP) can be used as stable carbon storage. In this work, CCP were systematically investigated as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs)‐like components used in ordinary Portland cement (OPC) paste. The fully hydrated cement pastes were pulverized into powders and then exposed to different CO2 pressure conditions (i.e., 1.0, 2.0 and 2.5 MPa) for 24 h. These CCP powders were then mixed with OPC to form a new binder. Various fresh, hardened and microstructural properties of CCP powders and the mixtures were investigated. Initial results show that the CO2 sequestration level of CCP increased with the growth of CO2 pressure, and albeit a pozzolanic reaction occurred inside the mixture, the relatively higher water demand due to the use of 30% replacement of CCP led to the inferior workability and compressive strength than the control group. Finally, a conceptual model relating to the CCP‐OPC paste was proposed, facilitating the comprehension of the hydration behaviours of CCP‐OPC paste. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain pathology and cognitive scores prior to onset of late‐life depression
Authors: Almdahl Ina S. , Agartz Ingrid , Hugdahl Kenneth , Korsnes Maria S. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Understanding the biological changes that occur prior to onset of late‐life depression (LLD) is key to its prevention. To investigate potential predictors of LLD, we assessed cognitive scores and neurodegenerative and vascular biomarkers in healthy older adults who later developed depression.

Methods

Longitudinal data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative of 241 cognitively unimpaired and non‐depressed older adults aged 56–90 at baseline with at least 4 years of follow‐up were included. Participants were classified based on whether they developed an incident depression (n = 96) or not (n = 145). Cognitive measures of memory, executive functioning, and language, and biomarkers proposed to be related to LLD: hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensity volume (WMH), and cortical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta levels, were compared between the incident depression and the never‐depressed groups at four time points: at baseline, the visit prior to onset, at onset, and after the onset of depression.

Results

In the incident depression group, there was a mild decline in cognitive scores from baseline to the visit before depression onset compared with the never‐depressed group. The cognitive differences between the groups became more marked after depression onset. Baseline cortical amyloid burden, CSF amyloid beta levels, and WMH were significant predictors of incident depression. Compared to the non‐depressed group, hippocampal volume was not reduced before onset, but was reduced following depression.

Conclusions

Amyloid pathology and WMH can predict future development of LLD in cognitively unimpaired individuals and may be involved in precipitating vulnerability for depression in older adults.
Response of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and weed species to plant growth regulators
Authors: Henry Gerald M. , Moore Madison , Tucker Kevin A.
Published: January 2022

Frequent use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) may decrease the recovery of turfgrass from wear and competition with weeds. The response of new creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) cultivars to PGRs is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the response of several creeping bentgrass cultivars and common turfgrass weeds to PGRs. Creeping bentgrass cultivars (‘Penncross’, ‘L‐93’, ‘007’, ‘V‐8’, and ‘Tour Pro’) and weed species – goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.) – were examined. The PGR treatments were trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) (48 and 96 g a.i. ha–1) and prohexadione calcium (PC) (116 and 231 g a.i. ha–1). Plants were cut to 2.5 cm after 2 wk, and aboveground plant tissue was weighed to obtain biomass. Only 116 g a.i. ha–1 of PC was required to regulate creeping bentgrass, although the higher rate (96 g a.i. ha–1) of TE was needed for moderate regulation [40–50% growth inhibition (GI)], regardless of the cultivar. Some creeping bentgrass cultivars exhibited a differential response to PGRs. The lowest response to TE (22–33% GI) was observed in ‘V‐8’; however, ‘V‐8’ was strongly regulated by PC (79–80% GI). Neither PGR successfully regulated goosegrass (14–30% GI), regardless of the rate, but moderate regulation of large crabgrass (40–49% GI) was achieved by TE at 96 g a.i. ha–1, and PC at 116 and 231 g a.i. ha–1. Recurrent PGR applications may shift turfgrass–weed competition dynamics towards weeds such as goosegrass; however, this effect may be PGR‐specific.
Emotion dysregulation and hoarding symptoms: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akbari Mehdi , Seydavi Mohammad , Mohammadkhani Shahram , Turchmanovych Nataliya , Chasson Gregory S. , Majlesi Noshin , Hajialiani Vahid , Askari Tahereh
Published: January 2022

Objectives

Much of the research on hoarding is focused on cognition and behavior, with less focus on emotion and its regulation.

Method

A comprehensive search yielded nine studies (out of 5581) from which to draw data for the current study. Across the eight studies (nine independent effect sizes) which provided data for 1595 total participants (Meanage = 34.46, SD = 8.78; 64.26% females).

Results

Emotion dysregulation had a medium association with hoarding symptoms (r = 0.43). The effect was strong (r = 0.61) in some populations and weaker (r = 0.19) in others. However, it was higher in nonclinical samples than in clinical samples. Also, the strength of the association between hoarding and emotion regulation differed by the type of hoarding measures adopted in the individual studies. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences between emotion dysregulation facets and hoarding.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the importance of studying emotions and emotion regulation in hoarding.
Profiles of women with postpartum depressive symptoms: A latent profile analysis using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale factors
Authors: Branquinho Mariana , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Fonseca Ana
Published: January 2022

Objectives

To examine the multidimensionality of symptoms assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and to identify and characterize the profiles of women with Postpartum Depression (PPD) symptoms.

Methods

A sample of 487 Portuguese postpartum women with clinically relevant depressive symptoms participated in this cross‐sectional online study. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to analyze the factor structure of the EPDS. A latent profile analysis based on the EPDS factors was conducted. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics and risk factors between profiles were explored.

Results

Three EPDS factors were confirmed: depression, anxiety, and anhedonia. Based on these dimensions, three profiles with different symptom severities were found: mild anxious‐depressive symptoms; severe PPD symptoms; and moderate anxious‐depressive symptoms.

Conclusion

Identifying profiles of women with PPD symptoms according to the EPDS factors allows to understand the distinct paths of development of PPD and can inform the development of tailored interventions.
Palyno‐morphological diversity of Asteraceous and Poaceous allergenic plant using microscopic techniques in lesser Himalaya‐Pakistan
Authors: Anar Maryam , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Sadia , Elnaggar Ashraf Y. , Zafar Muhammad , Sultana Shazia , Tariq Akash , Anjum Farida , Hussein Enas E. , Kiliç Ömer , Ozdemir Fethi Ahmet
Published: January 2022

In classification and identification of plant species, palyno morphological character has remain helpful for plant taxonomist. The aim to investigation this study was to identify the characteristic features of Asteraceae and Poaceae family member collected from lower Himalayas of Pakistan. Light microscope and Scanning electron microscope were used for feature study of allergenic pollen. Our study includes 10 species of Asteraceae and Poaceae family. The most dominant shape of pollen was Oblate‐spheroidal, Prolate‐Spheroidal, Prolate and Suboblate shape of pollen. Quantitative character of pollen includes maximum pollen diameter found in Dichanthium annulatum (46.0 μm) and minimum polar axis pollen diameter found in Parthenium hysterophorous (16.0 μm). Similarly highest value of P/E ratio was noted in Cenchrus echinatus (1.05) and smallest value of P/E ratio was observed in Erigeron bonariensis (0.88). Poaceae family member were monoporate. Character feature of exine sculpturing include Microechinate, granulate, echinate, conical base, lacunae Nanogammate, Aerolate‐Scabratre, Verrucate, like variation found in exine of both family member. Highest value of pollen fertility was observed in P. hysterophorous 93%, Similarly maximum value of pollen sterility was noted in E. bonariensis and Brachiaria reptans 24%. This investigation provides the characteristic feature of allergenic pollen species and help to arrange them in define class.

Research Highlights

Pollen has affected many people around the world.

Using microscopic techniques, morpho‐palynological analysis of Asteraceae and Poaceae families were recognized.

LM and SEM study show both qualitative and quantitative character of pollen.

Identification of allergenic pollen and microscopic identified character play important role for proper guideline of identification of pollen having allergenic potential.
Challenges and opportunities in the establishment of a hereditary breast cancer clinic at an academic medical center in a low‐middle income country
Authors: Ehsan Lubaina , Waheed Muhammad Talha , Akbar Fizza , Siddiqui Zahraa , Sattar Abida K. , Kirmani Salman
Published: January 2022

It is now standard of care to offer genetic testing to patients at risk of hereditary breast cancer and make management decisions based on these results. Although great strides have been made in ensuring access to genetic testing and genetic counseling by establishing hereditary breast cancer clinics in well‐resourced countries, these are essentially non‐existent in low‐middle income countries like Pakistan. We established a hereditary breast cancer clinic involving a multidisciplinary team, including a medical geneticist and a genetic counselor. Our efforts were based on consensus guidelines and included educating medical providers about the importance of genetic testing in breast cancer care and the mandatory presence of a genetics team member at the weekly Breast Tumor Board meeting. This resulted in an increase in the number of referrals of breast cancer patients for genetic testing. In this report, we describe the challenges we faced in setting up such a system in Pakistan and the measures to overcome them. There is a need to establish such hereditary breast cancer clinics, which can also be replicated at other centers in low‐resource settings, to improve standardized assessment and management of the patients with hereditary breast cancer according to consensus guidelines.
Monochromatic connected matchings in 2‐edge‐colored multipartite graphs
Authors: Balogh József , Kostochka Alexandr , Lavrov Mikhail , Liu Xujun
Published: January 2022

A matching in a graph is connected if all the edges of are in the same component of . Following Łuczak, there have been many results using the existence of large connected matchings in cluster graphs with respect to regular partitions of large graphs to show the existence of long paths and other structures in these graphs. We prove exact Ramsey‐type bounds on the sizes of monochromatic connected matchings in 2‐edge‐colored multipartite graphs. In addition, we prove a stability theorem for such matchings.
NeuroImmunoEndocrinology: A brief historic narrative
Authors: Ponce-Regalado María Dolores , Pérez-Sánchez Gilberto , Rojas-Espinosa Oscar , Arce-Paredes Patricia , Girón-Peréz M Iván , Pavón-Romero Lenin , Becerril-Villanueva Enrique
Published: January 2022

Although no precise moment or unique event marks its birth, neuroimmunoendocrinology arguably shares a great deal of history with other medical and biologic disciplines. It originated from empirical observations and suppositions that failed to prevail upon the existing axioms. Despite the widespread resistance to embracing novel ideas, the seeming defeats inspired visionary researchers. Those pioneers managed to systematize the emerging knowledge and were able to contribute to science with real foundations. In consequence, new concepts and ideas arose in physiology, anatomy, endocrinology and early immunology. Together, they gave rise to a budding approach on the integration between the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. Then, neuroimmunoendocrinology emerged as a discipline integrating an intricate system with multidirectional functions and interactions that allow for responding to internal and external threats. Such response is mediated by cytokines, hormones and neurotransmitters, involved in different physiologic mechanisms of the organism homeostasis. Neuroimmunoendocrinology is no longer an area of scientific skepticism; on the contrary, it has cemented its position as a biomedical discipline worldwide for the past 70 years. Now, it offers a better understanding of pathologic processes.
Geographic differences in therapy for stage I non‐small‐cell lung cancer in older adults
Authors: Dezube Aaron R. , Mazzola Emanuele , Cooper Lisa , Deeb Ashley L. , De‐Leon Luis E. , Singer Lisa , Jacobson Francine L. , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Wiener Daniel
Published: January 2022

Background

Geographic and socioeconomic factors impact patient treatment choices for certain cancers. Whether they impact treatment in older adults with lung cancer is unknown. We investigated geographic differences in treatment for stage I non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in older adults in the United States.

Methods

Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Database 18th submission, a cohort of stage I NSCLC patients ≥60‐years‐old was created. Treatment differences (surgery or radiation alone) by geographic location and socioeconomic factors were analyzed.

Results

Forty‐three thousand three hundred and eighty‐seven stage I NSCLC patients were analyzed. Demographics and socioeconomic factors varied across all 13 states (p < 0.001). Surgery was the most common treatment in all states (range 58.6% in AK to 86.5% in CT) (all p < 0.001). Our multivariable analysis found older individuals had higher odds of getting radiation as compared to surgery (odds ratio [OR]: 1.22 for 65–69 years‐old to OR: 8.95 for 85+ years‐old; p < 0.001). Multiple states (LA, HI, IA, MI, WA, NM) were associated with increased odds of radiation use (vs. surgery alone) (all p < 0.05). People with lower education level (OR: 0.98) and median income (OR: 0.99) and non‐Black race (OR: 0.52 for “other” to OR: 0.68 for “White” race with respect to Black race) were associated with lower odds of radiation (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our study identified treatment differences for stage I NSCLC patients in the United States related to demographics, socioeconomic factors, and geographic location.
Prognostic evaluation of the proposed residual tumor classification in a Chinese non‐small cell lung cancer population
Authors: Ren Yijiu , She Yunlang , Tang Hai , Deng Jiajun , Jiang Gening , Wu Chunyan , Zhu Yuming , Zheng Hui , Chen Chang
Published: January 2022

Background

This study aimed to validate the R classification including uncertain resection (R‐un) proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) in a Chinese non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) population.

Methods

The study retrospectively investigated a 2009–2013 single‐institutional NSCLC resection cohort in China. After reclassification, recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using survival analyses and compared with those using the 2005 version IASLC R classification.

Results

Under the proposed stratification, 3819 (72.1%) individuals were classified as R0, 1371 (25.9%) as R‐un, 71 (1.3%) as R1, and 32 (0.6%) as R2. The 5‐year OS probabilities for the R0, R‐un, and R1/R2 groups were 71%, 46%, and 34%, respectively. The prognostic stratification remained significant in the fully adjusted Cox models (p < 0.001). Compared with the original classification, Harrell's concordance index of reclassification improved significantly, from 0.508 to 0.679 for RFS and from 0.510 to 0.692 for OS (RFS: p = 0.007; OS: p = 0.001). The survival analysis showed that R‐un patients with highest mediastinal lymph node station metastasis had significantly worse survival than R0 patients with mediastinal nodal metastasis (RFS: 44 vs. 36 months, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.29, p < 0.001; OS: 59 vs. 50 months, HR: 1.34, p < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that highest mediastinal lymph node station metastasis was an independent risk factor for RFS (HR: 1.22) and OS (HR: 1.25).

Conclusions

The proposed R classification showed valid prognostic stratification, including highest mediastinal nodal station metastasis.
Miniature Otto Prism Coupler for Integrated Photonics
Authors: Safronov Kirill R. , Bessonov Vladimir O. , Akhremenkov Daniil V. , Sirotin Maxim A. , Romodina Maria N. , Lyubin Evgeny V. , Soboleva Irina V. , Fedyanin Andrey A.
Published: January 2022

One of the main issues in integrated photonics is the coupling of free‐space or optical fiber radiation to waveguides on the photonic chip surface. The ideal coupler is miniature, highly efficient, and provides a large number of addressable devices. Here, a new concept of 3D out‐of‐plane coupler is introduced, which is a microscale prism exploiting frustrated total internal reflection in the Otto configuration to excite surface electromagnetic waves or near‐surface waveguide modes. A method for designing the couplers operating at normal incidence is proposed and it is applied to excite Bloch surface waves (BSWs) in 1D photonic crystals. Polymer microprisms are printed using two‐photon laser lithography and allow transferring more than 40% of the incident light energy into BSWs. The couplers enable focusing BSWs simultaneously with their excitation. Advanced design prisms can provide nearly 100% efficiency, making the proposed concept an alternative to actual coupling concepts in integrated photonics.
Prediction of the tribological characteristics of non‐Gaussian rough surfaces during sliding wear in mixed lubrication
Authors: Zhao Jiang , Li Zhengminqing , Zhang Hong , Zhu Rupeng
Published: January 2022

In mixed lubrication, material wear is inevitably caused due to solid contact. Simultaneously, the surface morphology after wear will affects the lubrication performance. To understand this coupling process, virtual surface reconstruction technology and mixed lubrication sliding wear model were applied to predict the evolution of wear characteristics and lubrication characteristics during wear in this study. The effects of the roughness root mean square (RMS), roughness direction and wavelength ratio on the contact area ratio, the contact load ratio, accumulated wear, film thickness and the friction coefficient were analysed. The results indicated that the contact area ratio and the contact load ratio and the friction coefficient decreased and average film thickness increased with the increase in the number of the wear cycles. In addition, a surface with low‐roughness RMS, longitudinal roughness texture and high‐wavelength ratio is suitable for improving lubrication performance and reducing wear.
What goes around comes around: The effect of belief in karma on charitable donation behavior
Authors: Chen Ming , Chu Xing‐Yu (Marcos) , Lin Chien‐Huang , Yu Shih‐Heng
Published: January 2022

Karma is the notion that one's current actions will have consequences in the future. The present research links the belief in karma with a guilt appeal and examines how believing in karma influences the individuals' donation behaviors. The results of four studies demonstrate that for people who hold a strong belief in karma, guilt appeals can arouse the motivation to engage in prosocial activities to remedy past demerits. This “remedy demerits” motivation is the reason why individuals who hold a strong (vs. weak) belief in karma are more likely to donate time (rather than money) and donate money in lump sums (rather than in installments) when the charitable appeal is framed in terms of guilt. Our findings contribute to the literature on specific beliefs, individuals' prosocial behaviors, and the motivations of individuals who believe in karma as concerns their responses to charitable appeals. Charitable organizations can apply the findings by targeting their donor solicitations to individuals who believe in karma to enhance engagement in prosocial activities, and by using karma priming advertisements to induce individuals to think karmically, thus more efficiently promoting specific donation choices.
On a study of Sobolev‐type fractional functional evolution equations
Authors: Huseynov Ismail T. , Ahmadova Arzu , Mahmudov Nazim I.
Published: January 2022

Sobolev‐type fractional functional evolution equations have many applications in the modeling of many physical processes. Therefore, we investigate the existence of mild solutions for fractional‐order time‐delay evolution equation of Sobolev type with multiorders in a Banach space with the help of two various methods. First, we study abstract problem by assuming the existence and compactness of E−1 and introduce a closed‐form representation of a mild solution via a newly defined delayed Mittag–Leffler‐type function which is generated by nonpermutable and permutable linear‐bounded operators. Our second method is based on the theory of Sobolev‐type delayed resolvent families generated by the pair (A, E) and a subordination principle, and in this case, any restrictive assumptions are not required on E. Furthermore, we derive an exact analytical representation of solutions for multidimensional fractional functional dynamical systems with nonpermutable and permutable matrices. As an example, the Sobolev‐type delayed wave equation with a damping term is provided to illustrate the applications of the abstract results.
Arterial input function segmentation based on a contour geodesic model for tissue at risk identification in ischemic stroke
Authors: Bal Sukhdeep Singh , Chen Ke , Yang Fan‐Pei Gloria , Peng Giia‐Sheun
Published: January 2022

Purpose

Perfusion parameters such as cerebral blood flow (CBF) and Tmax have been proven to be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis for ischemic stroke. Arterial input function (AIF) is required as an input to estimate perfusion parameters. This makes the AIF selection paradigm of clinical importance.

Methods

This study proposes a new technique to address the problem of AIF selection, based on a variational segmentation model that combines geometric constraint in a distance function. The modified model uses discrete total variation in the distance term and via minimizing energy locates the arterial regions. Matrix analysis is utilized to identify the AIF with maximum peak height within the segmented region.

Results

Group mean differences indicate that overall the AIF selected by the purposed method has better arterial features of higher peak position (16.7 and 26.1 a.u.) and fast attenuation (1.08 s and 0.9 s) as compared to the other state‐of‐the‐art methods. Utilizing the selected AIF, mean CBF, and Tmax values were estimated higher than the traditional methods. Ischemic regions were precisely located through the perfusion maps.

Conclusions

This AIF segmentation framework worked on perfusion images at levels superior to the current clinical state of the art. Consequently, the perfusion parameters derived from AIF selected by the purposed method were more accurate and reliable. The proposed method could potentially be considered as part of the calculation for perfusion imaging in general.
The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and treatment of arrhythmias
Authors: Armbruster Anastasia L. , Campbell Kristen Bova , Kahanda Milan G. , Cuculich Phillip S.
Published: January 2022

The pathogenesis of arrhythmias is complex and multifactorial. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias (VA) has been explored. However, developing successful pharmacotherapy regimens based on those pathways has proven more of a challenge. This narrative review provides an overview of five common arrhythmias impacted by inflammation, including atrial fibrillation (AF), myocardial infarction, arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, cardiac sarcoidosis, and QT prolongation, and the potential role for anti‐inflammatory therapy in their management. We identified arrhythmias and arrhythmogenic disease states with the most evidence linking pathogenesis to inflammation and conducted comprehensive searches of United States National Library of Medicine MEDLINE® and PubMed databases. Although a variety of agents have been studied for the management of AF, primarily in an effort to reduce postoperative AF following cardiac surgery, no standard anti‐inflammatory agents are used in clinical practice at this time. Although inflammation following myocardial infarction may contribute to the development of VA, there is no clear benefit with the use of anti‐inflammatory agents at this time. Similarly, although inflammation is clearly linked to the development of arrhythmias in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, data demonstrating a benefit with anti‐inflammatory agents are limited. Cardiac sarcoidosis, an infiltrative disease eliciting an immune response, is primarily treated by immunosuppressive therapy and steroids, despite a lack of primary literature to support such regimens. In this case, anti‐inflammatory agents are frequently used in clinical practice. The pathophysiology of arrhythmias is complex, and inflammation likely plays a role in both onset and duration, however, for most arrhythmias the role of pharmacotherapy targeting inflammation remains unclear.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of patient‐reported outcomes following nerve transfer surgery for brachial plexus injury
Authors: Haldane Chloe , Frost Geoffrey , Ogalo Emmanuel , Bristol Sean , Doherty Christopher , Berger Michael
Published: January 2022

Objective

The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to determine the effect of nerve transfer surgery for brachial plexus injury (BPI) on patient‐reported outcomes.

Literature Survey

MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched and screened in duplicate for relevant studies on September 25, 2019 and repeated June 24, 2020.

Methodology

The patient population included male and female patients who received nerve transfer surgery for BPI. Further inclusion criteria were: (1) all levels of evidence; (2) published in English; (3) conducted in humans; and (4) report of patient‐reported outcome. Two reviewers independently abstracted data regarding injury type, surgical technique, surgical timing, follow‐up duration, strength, and patient‐reported outcome measures. Quality was assessed in duplicate using the Methodological Index for Non‐Randomized Studies criteria.

Synthesis

Twenty‐one studies involving 464 participants were included in analyses. The mean age ± SD was 32.4 ± 1.8 (range: 5–77) and 89.2% of included participants were male. The mean time to surgery was 5.6 ± 0.6 months and the mean follow‐up time was 48.1 ± 8.4 months. The most used patient‐reported outcome was the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH), where scores variably improved postoperatively, although the degree of disability remained high. Return to work was reported in five studies, with 66.0% of participants returning to work. Patient satisfaction was assessed in four studies with an overall satisfaction proportion of 64.0%. Pain was assessed in 12 studies using various measures. In studies reporting pain intensity postoperatively, 29.3% of patients were “pain‐free” or had “no pain.”

Conclusions

Patient‐reported outcomes following nerve transfer for BPI are infrequently reported in the literature. Although patient‐reported outcomes demonstrate variable postoperative improvement, there is evidence of ongoing limitations and postoperative DASH scores report a high degree of ongoing disability. Future studies with greater reporting as well as validation of patient‐reported outcomes within BPI are warranted.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(ethylene glycol) bottlebrush networks via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization
Authors: Clarke Brandon R. , Tew Gregory N.
Published: January 2022

Herein it is reported how the overlap concentration (C*) can be used to overcome crosslinking due to diol impurities in commercial poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), allowing for the synthesize of bottlebrush polymers with good control over molecular weight. Additionally, PEG‐based bottlebrush networks are synthesized via ring‐opening metathesis polymerization, attaining high conversions with minimal sol fractions (<2%). The crystallinity and mechanical properties of these networks are then further altered by solvent swelling with phosphate buffer solution and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate/dichloromethane cosolvents. The syntheses reported here highlight the potential of the bottlebrush network architecture for use in the rational design of new materials.
Improving aging resistance of PIM‐1 thin films by nano‐TiO2 filler used for robust solvent permeation
Authors: Huang Zhaolai , Li Jiaqi , Zhang Mengxiao , Feng Weilin , Fang Chuanjie , Zhu Liping
Published: January 2022

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are promising materials for membrane separation because their special rigid and contorted structures contribute to high permeability. However, their chain rearrangement to fill excessive free volume makes the permeability stability a tough challenge. In this work, we report on a new use of rutile nano‐TiO2 to mitigate the physical aging of PIM‐1 (a typical PIM) nanofilms for stable permeability by mixing matrix. It was shown that the PIM‐1 membrane incorporated with nano‐TiO2 displayed remarkably higher aging resistance with a lower swelling degree in long‐term ethanol soaking, having more stable ethanol permeance with only a 5% decrease after 35 days, lower than 25% of the pure one. The mechanism of anti‐aging was revealed by molecular simulation, thermal, tensile mechanical, and dynamic mechanical analysis. It was found that nano‐TiO2 had good compatibility with PIM‐1 due to strong coordination interaction, making its uniform dispersion in polymer. Additional solvent permeation channels were also created to increase solvent permeance without compromising solute rejection. Due to the reliable interaction of nano‐TiO2, which makes particles serve as physical crosslinking points, the movement of PIM‐1 chains was limited partially to mitigate aging, enabling PIM‐1‐based membranes to have robust solvent permeation.
Self‐assembled monolayers for interface engineering in polymer solar cells
Authors: Hu Jie , Fu Weifei , Yang Xi , Chen Hongzheng
Published: January 2022

Polymer solar cell (PSC) has been developed vastly in the past decade due to the advantages of low cost, lightweight, mechanical flexibility, versatility of chemical design and synthesis, semitransparency, and solution processing. The performance and lifetime of PSCs are highly dependent on the properties of both active materials and their interfaces. The combination of the versatility of organic chemistry and the multitude of well‐understood ligand–metal interactions allows self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of organic molecules to direct control over the electronic and chemical properties at the inorganic–organic interfaces. Thus, SAMs are an attractive pathway to reconcile interfaces with tunable interface properties in PSCs. Hence, this review describes the application of SAMs in PSCs at different interfaces. First, SAMs as alternatives of traditional transporting materials to reduce the barrier at indium tin oxide (ITO)/active layer interface due to the ability of tuning work function of ITO electrode are discussed. Second, the modifications of metal oxide by SAMs to control the electrical contacts at transporting layer/active layer interface are described. Third, tailoring the properties of the donor/acceptor interface by SAMs to improve the performance of PSCs are summarized. Finally, perspectives and challenges are pointed out for developing highly stable and high‐performance PSCs by applying SAMs.
Predictors of posttraumatic growth among hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Schwartz Jessica R. , Thomas Emily B. K. , Juckett Mark B. , Costanzo Erin S.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Prior research has shown that cancer survivors often report positive psychological changes from the experience of cancer, or posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, few studies have focused on PTG in cancer patients recovering from hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The present study measured PTG at specific milestones during the year following HCT and investigated psychosocial and treatment‐related factors that may hinder or facilitate PTG.

Methods

Participants (N = 430) completed assessments of PTG, social support, and coping pre‐transplant. Posttraumatic growth was also assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post‐transplant. Information about treatment regimen and post‐transplant complications was abstracted from medical records. Mixed‐effects linear regression models were used to evaluate the extent to which pre‐transplant social support, coping approaches, treatment intensity, and post‐transplant complications predicted PTG.

Results

Compared to pre‐transplant, PTG scores were significantly higher at 6‐ and 12‐month post‐transplant. Greater pre‐transplant social support significantly predicted greater PTG across the assessment points. Use of emotional engagement coping strategies also strongly predicted post‐transplant PTG. Conversely, coping styles characterized by emotional avoidance generally were not predictive of PTG. No treatment‐related factors or post‐transplant complications were predictive of PTG.

Conclusions

Findings indicate that supportive social relationships and coping by engaging with difficult emotions may facilitate PTG following HCT. Moreover, these factors were more important than medical characteristics in explaining PTG. Findings may guide the development of interventions to enhance positive psychological outcomes after HCT.
Real‐time measurement of axial temperature in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor and synergistic effect evaluation for in‐plasma catalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Li Xiao‐Song , Li Ye‐Cheng , Wang Li‐Yuan , Liu Jing‐Lin , Zhu Ai‐Min
Published: January 2022

Due to serious difficulty in the measurement of catalyst‐bed temperature (Tb) for in‐plasma catalysis (IPC), the evaluation of the IPC synergistic effect is still disputed. Herein, we reported a real‐time measurement of axial temperature (Tax), which is much closer to Tb than wall temperature (Tw), using a thermocouple in a catalyst‐packed coaxial dielectric barrier discharge reactor for the first time. In plasma catalytic CO2 reduction, the effects of discharge power and flow rate on Tax, Tw, and CO2 conversion were examined. On the basis of Tax, compared with the thermal catalytic case, the plasma catalytic case only shows a weak synergistic effect. It was confirmed that the synergistic effect is overestimated if based on Tw (except for the heat‐insulated or quasi‐adiabatic reactors).