bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Willem Bilderdijk, 1756-1831
Authors: Gerbrandy Piet
Published: March 2021

Willem Bilderdijk is zonder meer een van de meest kleurrijke figuren uit de Nederlandse literatuur, maar behalve door een kleine kring liefhebbers wordt zijn werk niet of nauwelijks gelezen. Dat is ook moeilijk, want op een enkele uitzondering na is het oeuvre niet beschikbaar in toegankelijke, moderne edities. Toen Rick Honings en Peter van Zonneveld in 2013 onder de ironische titel De gefnuikte arend een vuistdikke, vermakelijke biografie publiceerden, was daar in de pers zeker belangstelling voor, maar het heeft niet geleid tot een hernieuwde populariteit van de gekwelde dichter.1 Ook het feit dat het Leidse Academiegebouw sinds 2020 een Bilderdijkkamer kent, waar een deel van de collectie van het voormalige Bilderdijk-Museum (tot voor enkele jaren gevestigd in het hoofdgebouw van de Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam) is ondergebracht, bewijst niet dat de studie van dit oeuvre springlevend is. Niettemin is er alle reden om er aandacht aan te besteden, al is het alleen vanwege de verbluffende omvang en veelzijdigheid ervan. Misschien is Bilderdijk geen Goethe, maar in de eerste helft van de negentiende eeuw gold hij, niettegenstaande zijn excentrieke en tegendraadse persoonlijkheid, binnen ons taalgebied als een reus temidden van dwergen.2 Bilderdijk was echter niet alleen een markant dichter, maar ook een uiterst productief vertaler. Dit vertaalwerk, dat een organisch onderdeel van zijn oeuvre uitmaakt, is nog niet in zijn samenhang bestudeerd. Dat is jammer, niet alleen omdat het vaak om bijzondere teksten gaat, maar ook omdat Bilderdijk, hoe idiosyncratisch zijn vertalingen ook zijn, in veel opzichten een typische representant van zijn tijd is.
Эксплуатационные характеристики полимерной композитной арматуры
Authors: СЕЛЕЗНЕВ Вячеслав Александрович , КАКУША Владимир Анатольевич , УШКОВ Валентин Анатольевич , ЧУКОВ Николай Александрович , ГОРБУНОВ Игорь Андреевич
Published: March 2021

Рассмотрено влияние диаметра и профиля боковой поверхности полимерной композитной арматуры на ее основные физико-механические характеристики. Установлены зависимости прочности стеклокомпозитной арматуры от диаметра и профиля боковой поверхности стержневой арматуры. Показано, что с ростом диаметра композитной арматуры возрастает плотность и снижаются физико-механические характеристики арматуры. Выявлено, что композитная арматура с песчаной посыпкой обладает более высокими физико-механическими характеристиками по сравнению с арматурой со спиральной навивкой. Установлено, что с ростом температуры окружающей среды с минус 60 до плюс 60 °С прочность стеклокомпозитной арматуры снижается. Показано, что химическая стойкость стеклокомпозитной арматуры зависит от химической природы агрессивной среды и от ее диаметра. Приведены данные о химической стойкости стеклокомпозитной арматуры различных диаметров с песчаной посыпкой и со спиральной навивкой в щелочной среде и растворе хлорида натрия. Проанализировано влияние уровня длительного воздействия растягивающих усилий на прочность и модуль упругости при растяжении стеклокомпозитной арматуры. Работа имеет практическую значимость при проектировании изгибаемых бетонных конструкций, работающих в агрессивных средах и/или в условиях пониженной температуры. Установленные закономерности позволяют проектировать здания и сооружения из бетонных конструкций, армированных стеклокомпозитной арматурой с повышенной надежностью и сроком эксплуатации.
Логистические технологии, используемые при возведении атомных электростанций
Authors: ВОРОНКОВ Иван Евгеньевич , УСМАНОВ Тимур Андреевич
Published: March 2021

Актуальность темы обусловливается значимостью логистики в решении различных технологических и организационно-управленческих задач при возведении атомных электростанций. Обоснована целесообразность цифровизации логистических систем строительства таких станций, поскольку эффективность организации материально-технического обеспечения оказывает непосредственное влияние как на скорость и качество выполняемых строительно-монтажных работ, так и на общую рентабельность проекта. При проведении исследования были использованы методы анализа существующих подходов в управлении системами материально-технического обеспечения атомных электростанций. С использованием метода индукции выполнена декомпозиция составляющих логистической системы и отдельно рассмотрены транспортная, складская логистики, зарубежный опыт применения современных цифровых технологий. В исследовании описаны проблемы транспортно-складской логистики возведения высокотехнологичных объектов, показана важность логистических процессов, рассмотрен зарубежный опыт применения современных цифровых технологий, дана оценка перспективности внедрения данных технологий. Отсутствие синхронизации в функционировании транспортной и складкой логистических подсистем на практике приводит к задержкам поступления необходимых материалов, росту запасов материальных ресурсов, простоям транспорта, увеличению затрат и нарушению сроков строительства. Наиболее перспективный инструмент для решения данных проблем и повышения результативности систем материально-технического обеспечения - применение лучших мировых практик в области логистики сооружения объектов атомной энергетики с использованием современных цифровых логистических трендов. Внедрение современных цифровых технологий, таких как искусственный интеллект/нейронные сети, Big Data, дроны и другие инструменты, позволяет оптимизировать технологические процессы работы с грузовыми потоками, значительно сократить логистические издержки систем материально-технического обеспечения, выполнять все "точно в срок".
Kejadian Skabies di Beberapa Pondok Pesantren Kota Banjarbaru
Authors: Santoso Mifta Rahman , Noraida Noraida , Khair Abdul
Published: March 2021

Scabies is known in Indonesia as scurvy. Scabies is an infectious disease that can be transmitted directly or indirectly. It can be found in densely populated places. Therefore, students who live in Islamic boarding schools are important subjects in this problem. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sanitation and the incidence of scabies in several Islamic boarding schools in Banjarbaru City. This study used an analytical study design that linked sanitation with the incidence of scabies in several Islamic boarding schools in Banjarbaru city. The data was analyzed using the correlation test (Pearson Product Moment). The results showed that food and beverage management had a significant association with the incidence of scabies in several Islamic boarding schools in Banjarbaru city. Other variables had no association with the incidence of scabies. The correlation test results showed that no significant relationship between sanitation and the incidence of scabies in several Islamic boarding schools in Banjarbaru city in 2020 with a p-value of 0,073. Efforts that can be made to reduce the incidence of scabies are maintaining and paying attention to sanitation, especially in the management of food and beverages, maintenance of equipment used for cooking, and sanitation facilities.
‘Only mothers can be true revolutionaries’: The Politicization of Motherhood in 1980s West German Psychoanalysis
Authors: Schmacks Yanara
Published: March 2021

Analyzing conceptualizations of motherhood in 1980s West German psychoanalytic debates, this article argues that, in the wake of what can be termed as a ‘turn to motherhood,’ German psychoanalysis saw an unprecedented politicization of motherhood that followed from a conjunction of three distinct historical contexts: the integration of feminist theories of subjectivity into the psychoanalytic canon; the belated reception of the British object relations school; and the renewed attempt at grappling with the Nazi past. On the one hand, West German (female) psychoanalysts posited motherhood as a utopian space that allowed for uncorrupted forms of intersubjectivity in the form of an intimate and sexualized mother–child/mother–daughter relationship. On the other hand, and mirroring this ideal, motherhood, if not practiced correctly, could, according to psychoanalytically inspired thinkers in the late 1980s, also be a source of fascism.
Farklı Çevrelerde Yetiştirilen Bazı Arpa Genotiplerinin Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: AYDOĞAN Seydi , ŞAHİN Mehmet , GÖÇMEN AKÇACIK Aysun , HAMZAOĞLU Sümeyra , DEMİR Berat , KARA İbrahim
Published: March 2021

Bu çalışma 24 arpa genotipi ile (19 hat ve 5 standart çeşit) 2015-2016 yetiştirme sezonunda tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 2 tekerrürlü olarak yağışa dayalı şartlarda Konya-Gözlü ve Eskişehir lokasyonlarında yürütülmüştür. Bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal kalite özellikleri (bin tane ağırlığı, hektolitre ağırlığı, protein, beta glukan, ADF, NDF ve selüloz oranları, elek üstü (% 2.8, 2.5 ve 2.5+2.8 ) ve elek altı (%
Organising and Launching a Scholarly Open Access Journal
Authors:   Linköping University, Berkesand Peter
Published: March 2021

This essay should be read as a guide for researchers or prospective editors, how to best organise and launch a scholarly open access journal from idea to publication of the first volume and issue. The essay addresses various subjects important for the publishing and provides suggestions and explanations of various available services, tools, resources, organisations or other stakeholders which can be very useful when working with the new journal. The essay does not claim to be comprehensive in the subject but should be seen as a well-prepared manual mainly based on my own experiences as a former editor at Linköping University Electronic Press (LiU E-Press), where I assisted and supported researchers launching a number of open access journals hosted by LiU E-Press and publishing journal articles. The writing is mainly aimed at a Swedish audience but of course works for other countries as well.
Pengaruh Perilaku Bullying Terhadap Kepercayaan Diri Siswa Kelas Viii Mts Esa Nusa Islamic School Binong - Tangerang
Authors: Komala Sari Siti
Published: March 2021

The problem in this research is that there are cases of bullying behavior committed by students against their own friends. Like mocking friends, calling their parents, so that makes someone feel annoyed. This study was conducted to determine how much influence bullying behavior has on the confidence of grade VIII students of MTs Esa Islamic School Binong-Tangerang for the 2019-2020 academic year.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  This type of research is quantitative correlational research with a sample of 49 students. The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling (it does not provide the same opportunity to the population) to determine the number of samples taken, namely the census technique because the population is less than 100 so all populations can be used as samples.The instrument used for the study has been tested for validity and the researcher uses 20 valid statements. Reliability test uses the Alpha Cronbach formula in the SPSS application so that the results of r count (0.622)> r table (0.281) for bullying instruments and r count (0.677)> r table (0.281) for self-confidence instruments, so the instrument is declared reliable.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  The results of this research hypothesis test are: (1) The level of bullying (bullying behavior) in class VIII students of MTs Esa Nusa Islamic School Binong- Tangerang for the 2019-2020 school year is in the strong category with a percentage of 47.6%. (2) obtained the results of r count (0.690)> r table (0.281) then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that bullying behavior has an influence on student self-confidence, meaning that if the higher the intensity of bullying in students, the lower the self-confidence in students, and vice versa.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Lompat Tali Kelompok B1 di Tk Mutiara Tangerang
Authors: Arafah Nurul
Published: March 2021

The puspose of this study is to increase gross motor skills of early childhood, through jumping rope games. This research is a class action research (PTK). Description of the data in this study using cycles such as planning, implementation cycles, observation and reflection. This research was conducted in Mutiara Kindergarten on January 28, 2020.Based on the results of the study found after conducting this research, the data obtained starts from pre-cycle II, which is 46.8% pre cycle, in cycle 1 of 68% and the last cycle of 87% by obtaining a very good developing category. Improvements made during the research process have shown an increase in gross motor skills of early childhood.
Preparation and Properties of Antibacterial Polydopamine and Nano-Hydroxyapatite Modified Polyethylene Terephthalate Artificial Ligament
Authors: Wu Yang , Zhang Yuhan , Zhang Ren , Chen Shiyi
Published: March 2021

Due to its great biomechanical property, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligament has become one of the most promising allografts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. However, because of its chemical and biological inertness, PET is not a favored scaffold material for osteoblast growth, which promotes the ligament-bone healing. Meanwhile, in consideration of prevention of potential infection, the prophylactic injection of antibiotic was used as a post-operative standard procedure but also has the increasing risk of bacterial resistance. To face these two contradictions, in this article we coated a polydopamine (PDA) nano-layer on the PET ligament and used the coating as the adhesion interlayer to introduce nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) and silver atoms to the surface of PET ligament. Because of the mild self-polymerization reaction of dopamine, the thermogravity analysis (TGA), Raman spectrum, and tensile test results show that the modification procedure have no negative effects on the chemical stability and mechanical properties of the PET. The results of NIH3T3 cell culture show that the PDA and nHA could effectively improve the biocompatibility of PET artificial ligament for fibroblast growth, and staphylococcus aureus antibacterial test results show that the Ag atom provided an antibacterial effect for PET ligament. As shown in this paper, the nano-PDA coating modification procedure could not only preserve the advantages of PET but also introduce new performance characteristics to PET, which opens the door for further functionalization of PET artificial ligament for its advanced development and application.
Global Metabolomics Reveals That Vibrio natriegens Enhances the Growth and Paramylon Synthesis of Euglena gracilis
Authors: Ouyang Ying , Chen Shuyu , Zhao Liqing , Song Yiting , Lei Anping , He Jiayi , Wang Jiangxin
Published: March 2021

The microalga Euglena gracilis is utilized in the food, medicinal, and supplement industries. However, its mass production is currently limited by its low production efficiency and high risk of microbial contamination. In this study, physiological and biochemical parameters of E. gracilis co-cultivated with the bacteria Vibrio natriegens were investigated. A previous study reports the benefits of E. gracilis and V. natriegens co-cultivation; however, no bacterium growth and molecular mechanisms were further investigated. Our results show that this co-cultivation positively increased total chlorophyll, microalgal growth, dry weight, and storage sugar paramylon content of E. gracilis compared to the pure culture without V. natriegens. This analysis represents the first comprehensive metabolomic study of microalgae-bacterial co-cultivation, with 339 metabolites identified. This co-cultivation system was shown to have synergistic metabolic interactions between microalgal and bacterial cells, with a significant increase in methyl carbamate, ectoine, choline, methyl N-methylanthranilate, gentiatibetine, 4R-aminopentanoic acid, and glu-val compared to the cultivation of E. gracilis alone. Taken together, these results fill significant gaps in the current understanding of microalgae-bacteria co-cultivation systems and provide novel insights into potential improvements for mass production and industrial applications of E. gracilis.
Blockchain, Self-Sovereign Identity and Digital Credentials: Promise Versus Praxis in Education
Authors: Grech Alex , Sood Ira , Ariño Lluís
Published: March 2021

Blockchain’s versatility is primarily due to its immutable and almost indestructible nature. These attributes have caught the attention of researchers and developers interested in applications and environments where the need for the integrity of identity and content are as paramount as the safe delivery and record of transactions. Self-sovereign digital identity in particular is often cited as a human right that nation states need to embrace with as much conviction as education and lifelong learning are considered to be a public good. Although the blockchain has long been identified as an opportunity for driving much-needed change in the core processes of the education sector, use cases to date have been limited in scope and execution, with blockchain advocates and education policy makers seemingly disconnected on fundamental issues such as governance, self-sovereignty, interoperability, choice of blockchain platforms and overall trust in standards and the integrity of the infrastructure. This article is primarily interested in the affordances of the technology as a public good for the education sector. It levers on the lead author’s perspective as a mediator between the blockchain and education sectors in Europe on high-profile blockchain in education projects to provide a snapshot of the challenges and workable solutions in the blockchain-enabled, European digital credentials sector.
Rubble Stone Masonry Buildings with Cement Mortar: Base Shear Seismic Demand Comparison for Selected Countries Worldwide
Authors: Schildkamp Martijn , Silvestri Stefano , Araki Yoshikazu
Published: March 2021

Full base shear seismic demand analyses with calculated examples for heavy stone masonry buildings are not present in the literature. To address this shortcoming, analyses and calculations are performed on nominally reinforced rubble stone masonry house and school designs, as typically built in Nepal. The seismic codes are literally applied for countries where the technique is still allowed (Nepal, India, China, Tajikistan, Iran, Croatia), or should be reintroduced based on current practices (Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkey). First, this paper compares the base shear formulas and the inertia forces distributions of these codes, as well as material densities, seismic weights, seismic zoning, natural periods of vibration, response spectra, importance factors and seismic load combinations. Large differences between approaches and coefficients are observed. Then, by following Equivalent Lateral Force-principles for Ultimate Limit State verifications (10%PE50y), the base shear and story shears are calculated for a design peak ground acceleration of 0.20 g, as well as the effects of critical load combinations on the forces and moments acting on the lateral-resisting elements. It is concluded that Pakistan has the most tolerant code, Nepal represents an average value, whereas India and China are most conservative toward the case study buildings. Overall, it is observed that heavy-masonry-light-floor systems with negligible diaphragm action behave different under seismic motion than most other building typologies. Given the observations in this paper, the applicability of conventional ELF, S-ELF and S-Modal methods for heavy masonry buildings is questionable. The codes however do not introduce modified approaches that address these differences. Possible implications of the exclusion of plinth masonry and large portions of seismic weight need further assessment and validation, for which different (possibly more sophisticated) concepts must be considered, such as the equivalent frame method or distributed mass system. Since Nepal allows stone masonry in areas with higher seismic hazard levels >0.40 g (opposed to India <0.12 and China <0.15 g), their code is taken as the reference and starting point for follow-up research, which aims to verify the seismic demand by performing seismic capacity checks of the masonry piers and spandrels. The paper ends with an appeal for global collaboration under the research project SMARTnet.
No Evidence for Trade-Offs Between Lifespan, Fecundity, and Basal Metabolic Rate Mediated by Liver Fatty Acid Composition in Birds
Authors: Kumar Sampath A. , Albrecht Tomáš , Kauzál Ondřej , Tomášek Oldřich
Published: March 2021

The fatty acid composition of biological membranes has been hypothesised to be a key molecular adaptation associated with the evolution of metabolic rates, ageing, and life span – the basis of the membrane pacemaker hypothesis (MPH). MPH proposes that highly unsaturated membranes enhance cellular metabolic processes while being more prone to oxidative damage, thereby increasing the rates of metabolism and ageing. MPH could, therefore, provide a mechanistic explanation for trade-offs between longevity, fecundity, and metabolic rates, predicting that short-lived species with fast metabolic rates and higher fecundity would have greater levels of membrane unsaturation. However, previous comparative studies testing MPH provide mixed evidence regarding the direction of covariation between fatty acid unsaturation and life span or metabolic rate. Moreover, some empirical studies suggest that an n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio or the fatty acid chain length, rather than the overall unsaturation, could be the key traits coevolving with life span. In this study, we tested the coevolution of liver fatty acid composition with maximum life span, annual fecundity, and basal metabolic rate (BMR), using a recently published data set comprising liver fatty acid composition of 106 avian species. While statistically controlling for the confounding effects of body mass and phylogeny, we found no support for long life span evolving with low fatty acid unsaturation and only very weak support for fatty acid unsaturation acting as a pacemaker of BMR. Moreover, our analysis provided no evidence for the previously reported links between life span and n-3 PUFA/total PUFA or MUFA proportion. Our results rather suggest that long life span evolves with long-chain fatty acids irrespective of their degree of unsaturation as life span was positively associated with at least one long-chain fatty acid of each type (i.e., SFA, MUFA, n-6 PUFA, and n-3 PUFA). Importantly, maximum life span, annual fecundity, and BMR were associated with different fatty acids or fatty acid indices, indicating that longevity, fecundity, and BMR coevolve with different aspects of fatty acid composition. Therefore, in addition to posing significant challenges to MPH, our results imply that fatty acid composition does not pose an evolutionary constraint underpinning life-history trade-offs at the molecular level.
N-Cadherin Regulates the Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells via β-Catenin Activity
Authors: Deng Zilong , Yan Wenjuan , Dai Xingzhu , Chen Ming , Qu Qian , Wu Buling , Zhao Wanghong
Published: March 2021

Dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) transplantation has shown new prospects in dental pulp regeneration, and is of great significance in the treatment of pulpitis and pulp necrosis. The fate and regenerative potential of stem cells are dependent, to a great extent, on their microenvironment, which is composed of various tissue components, cell populations, and soluble factors. N-cadherin-mediated cell–cell interaction has been implicated as an important factor in controlling the cell-fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells. In this study, the effect of N-cadherin on odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs and the potential underlying mechanisms, both in vitro and in vivo, was investigated using a cell culture model and a subcutaneous transplantation mouse model. It was found that the expression of N-cadherin was reversely related to the expression of odontogenic markers (dentin sialophosphoprotein, DSPP, and runt-related transcription factor 2, Runx2) during the differentiation process of DPSCs. Specific shRNA-mediated knockdown of N-cadherin expression in DPSCs significantly increased the expression of DSPP and Runx2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the formation of mineralized nodules. Notably, N-cadherin silencing promoted nucleus translocation and accumulation of β-catenin. Inhibition of β-catenin by a specific inhibitor XAV939, reversed the facilitating effects of N-cadherin downregulation on odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. In addition, knockdown of N-cadherin promoted the formation of odontoblast-like cells and collagenous matrix in β-tricalcium phosphate/DPSCs composites transplanted into mice. In conclusion, N-cadherin acted as a negative regulator via regulating β-catenin activity during odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. These data may help to guide DPSC behavior by tuning the N-cadherin-mediated cell–cell interactions, with implications for pulp regeneration.
Slope Unit-Based Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using Certainty Factor, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, CF-SVM and CF-RF Models
Authors: Zhao Zhou , Liu Zeng yuan , Xu Chong
Published: March 2021

Landslide susceptibility mapping is very important for landslide risk evaluation and land use planning. Toward this end, this paper presents a case study in Ningqiang County, Shanxi Province, China. Slope units were selected as the basic mapping units. A traditional statistical certainty factor model (CF), a machine learning support vector machine model (SVM) and random forest model (RF), along with a hybrid CF-SVM model and a CF-RF model were applied to analyze landslide susceptibility. Firstly, 10 landslide conditioning factors were selected, namely slope-angle, altitude, slope aspect, degree of relief, lithology, distance to rivers, distance to faults, distance to roads, average annual rainfall and normalized difference vegetation index. The 23,169 slope units were generated from a Digital Elevation Model and the corresponding 10 conditioning factor layers were produced from both geological and geographical data. Then, landslide susceptibility mapping was carried out using the five models, respectively. Next, the landslide density (LD), frequency ratio (FR), the area under the curve (AUC) and other indicators were used to validate the rationality, performance and accuracy of the models. The results showed that the susceptibility maps produced from the different models were all reasonable. In each map, the LD and FR were greatest in the zones classed as having very high landslide susceptibility, followed by the high, moderate, low and very low landslide susceptibility classes, respectively. From the comparison of the different maps and ROC curves, the RF model based on slope units was the most appropriate for landslide susceptibility mapping in the study area. It was also found that the combination of weaker learner model (CF model here) with a stronger learner model (SVM and RF model here) can impact the applicability of the stronger model.
Occurrence of Irreducible Water and Its Influences on Gas-Bearing Property of Gas Shales From Shallow Longmaxi Formation in the Xishui Area, Guizhou, Southern China
Authors: Sun Jian , Xiao Xianming , Wei Qiang , Cheng Peng , Tian Hui
Published: March 2021

Systematic studies are quite rare on the gas-bearing property and its controlling factors of the shallow Longmaxi shale outside the Sichuan Basin. In a previous study, the gas in place contents of a suit of Longmaxi shale samples with a depth range of 362–394 m from the well XK2, which was drilled in the Xishui area, Guizhou, southern China, were reported. In the present study, the pore structure parameters and irreducible water occurrence characteristics of those samples, and their influences on the gas-bearing property were further investigated. The results show that, compared to the dry sample, the non-micropore specific surface areas and micropore volumes of the moist sample are significantly reduced by an average value of 61 and 30%, respectively, and that the water averagely occupies 82 and 41% of the inorganic and organic non-micropore specific surface areas, respectively, and 44 and 18% of the inorganic and organic micropore volumes, respectively. The shallow shale reservoir is dominated by adsorbed gas. It accounts for 66–93% of the total gas. The water significantly decreases the adsorption capacity of the inorganic matte (mainly clay minerals) pores, but has a limited influence on that of the organic matter pores. The adsorbed gas occurs mostly in the organic matter nanopores, and even if the shales were highly saturated with the water, they can still store a certain amount of the adsorbed gas. These results are to provide some guides for the evaluation and exploration of the shallow Longmaxi shale located in the strongly tectonic transformation areas of southern China.
Primary Head Teachers’ Construction and Re-negotiation of Care in COVID-19 Lockdown in Scotland
Authors: Ferguson Peter , McKenzie Megan , Mercieca Daniela , Mercieca Duncan P. , Sutherland Lesley
Published: March 2021

This article looks at three primary Head Teachers’ experience of working in COVID-19 lockdown in Scotland. The theoretical framework of this paper builds on Nel Noddings’ ethics of care, with a particular focus on reciprocity, empathy, communication, and community. The three Head Teachers were interviewed during the pandemic lockdown. These interviews are part of a larger study that interviewed teachers and Head Teachers during COVID-19 lockdown in Scotland, asking how this lockdown challenged and influenced their identity as educators. The focus on care is important as during lockdown in Scotland the focus of home learning was on pupils and families’ well-being and care, rather than on performative acts of learning. This paper argues that the pandemic provided an alternative space for the Head Teachers to re-negotiate their caring role and identity in their understanding of being an educational leader.
Nomogram for Preoperative Estimation of Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis Risk in Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Authors: Sun Jinxiao , Jiang Qi , Wang Xian , Liu Wenhua , Wang Xin
Published: March 2021

Objective

Accurate preoperative identification of cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) is essential for clinical management and established of different surgical protocol for patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Herein, we aimed to develop an ultrasound (US) features and clinical characteristics-based nomogram for preoperative diagnosis of CLNM for PTMC.

Method

Our study included 552 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with PTMC between January 2015 and June 2019. All patients underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy and divided into two groups: CLNM and non-CLNM. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to examine risk factors associated with CLNM. A nomogram comprising the prognostic model to predict the CLNM was established, and internal validation in the cohort was performed.

Results

CLNM and non-CLNM were observed in 216(39.1%) and 336(60.9%) cases, respectively. Seven variables of clinical and US features as potential predictors including male sex (odd ratio [OR] = 1.974, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.243-2.774; P =0.004), age < 45 years (OR = 4.621, 95% CI, 2.160-9.347; P < 0.001), US-reported CLN status (OR = 1.894, 95% CI, 0.754-3.347; P =0.005), multifocality (OR = 1.793, 95% CI, 0.774-2.649; P =0.007), tumor size ≥ 0.6cm (OR = 1.731, 95% CI,0.793-3.852; P =0.018), ETE (OR = 3.772, 95% CI, 1.752-8.441;P< 0.001) and microcalcification (OR = 2.316, 95% CI, 1.099-4.964; P < 0.001) were taken into account. The predictive nomogram was established by involving all the factors above used for preoperative prediction of CLNM in patients with PTCM. The nomogram model showed an AUC of 0.839 and an accuracy of 77.9% in predicting CLNM. Furthermore, the calibration curve demonstrated a strong consistency between nomogram and clinical findings in prediction CLNM for PTMC.

Conclusions

The nomogram achieved promising results for predicting preoperative CLNM in PTMC by combining clinical and US risk factor. Our proposed prediction model is able to help determine an individual’s risk of CLNM in PTMC, thus facilitate reasonable therapy decision making.
New Roles for Vitamin D Superagonists: From COVID to Cancer
Authors: Easty David J. , Farr Christine J. , Hennessy Bryan T.
Published: March 2021

Vitamin D is a potent steroid hormone that induces widespread changes in gene expression and controls key biological pathways. Here we review pathophysiology of vitamin D with particular reference to COVID-19 and pancreatic cancer. Utility as a therapeutic agent is limited by hypercalcemic effects and attempts to circumvent this problem have used vitamin D superagonists, with increased efficacy and reduced calcemic effect. A further caveat is that vitamin D mediates multiple diverse effects. Some of these (anti-fibrosis) are likely beneficial in patients with COVID-19 and pancreatic cancer, whereas others (reduced immunity), may be beneficial through attenuation of the cytokine storm in patients with advanced COVID-19, but detrimental in pancreatic cancer. Vitamin D superagonists represent an untapped resource for development of effective therapeutic agents. However, to be successful this approach will require agonists with high cell-tissue specificity.
Effects of Location and Season on Seaweed Spectral Signatures
Authors: Selvaraj Sadhvi , Case Bradley S. , White W. Lindsey
Published: March 2021

Remote sensing is an effective tool for applications such as discriminating plant species, detecting plant diseases or drought, and mapping aquatic vegetation such as seagrasses and seaweeds. Each plant species has a unique spectral reflectance which can be used with remote sensing to map them. However, variations in season, illumination, phenological stages, turbidity or location may affect the spectral reflectance. The aim of this study is to understand the spatial and seasonal effect on two commonly found New Zealand native seaweed species, Ecklonia radiata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh. and Carpophyllum maschalocarpum (Turner) Grev. We collected hyperspectral data (using ASD Handheld2 Field spectrometer with wavelength range 325–1,075 nm) of the seaweed species from four locations across four seasons and used mixed effects modelling to determine the model that best described the spectral data of each seaweed species. The results showed some seasonal pattern across the four locations. In general, summer has an effect on both the species in all four locations; likely due to the higher rates of photosynthesis. However, location did not effect the spectral signature of either species in winter. This study shows the potential for analysis of other micro-and macro-environment factors of different species and provides an understanding of the degree of natural spectral variation in seaweeds enabling further assessment of the impact of anthropogenic activities and changing environment on their spectral characteristics and health. It also identifies a general trend for best season to collect data for better classification accuracy across larger areas.
Parental Access to Children's Raw Genomic Data in Canada: Legal Rights and Professional Responsibility
Authors: Beauvais Michael J. S. , Thorogood Adrian M. , Szego Michael J. , Sénécal Karine , Zawati Ma'n H. , Knoppers Bartha Maria
Published: March 2021

Children with rare and common diseases now undergo whole genome sequencing (WGS) in clinical and research contexts. Parents sometimes request access to their child's raw genomic data, to pursue their own analyses or for onward sharing with health professionals and researchers. These requests raise legal, ethical, and practical issues for professionals and parents alike. The advent of widespread WGS in pediatrics occurs in a context where privacy and data protection law remains focused on giving individuals control-oriented rights with respect to their personal information. Acting in their child's stead and in their best interests, parents are generally the ones who will be exercising these informational rights on behalf of the child. In this paper, we map the contours of parental authority to access their child's raw genomic data. We consider three use cases: hospital-based researchers, healthcare professionals acting in a clinical-diagnostic capacity, and “pure” academic researchers at a public institution. Our research seeks to answer two principal questions: Do parents have a right of access to their child's raw WGS data? If so, what are the limits of this right? Primarily focused on the laws of Ontario, Canada's most populous province, with a secondary focus on Canada's three other most populous provinces (Quebec, British Columbia, and Alberta) and the European Union, our principal findings include (1) parents have a general right of access to information about their children, but that the access right is more capacious in the clinical context than in the research context; (2) the right of access extends to personal data in raw form; (3) a consideration of the best interests of the child may materially limit the legal rights of parents to access data about their child; (4) the ability to exercise rights of access are transferred from parents to children when they gain decision-making capacity in both the clinical and research contexts, but with more nuance in the former. With these findings in mind, we argue that professional guidelines, which are concerned with obligations to interpret and return results, may assist in furthering a child's best interests in the context of legal access rights. We conclude by crafting recommendations for healthcare professionals in the clinical and research contexts when faced with a parental request for a child's raw genomic data.
Screening for Combination Cancer Therapies With Dynamic Fuzzy Modeling and Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Spolaor Simone , Scheve Martijn , Firat Murat , Cazzaniga Paolo , Besozzi Daniela , Nobile Marco S.
Published: March 2021

Combination therapies proved to be a valuable strategy in the fight against cancer, thanks to their increased efficacy in inducing tumor cell death and in reducing tumor growth, metastatic potential, and the risk of developing drug resistance. The identification of effective combinations of drug targets generally relies on costly and time consuming processes based on in vitro experiments. Here, we present a novel computational approach that, by integrating dynamic fuzzy modeling with multi-objective optimization, allows to efficiently identify novel combination cancer therapies, with a relevant saving in working time and costs. We tested this approach on a model of oncogenic K-ras cancer cells characterized by a marked Warburg effect. The computational approach was validated by its capability in finding out therapies already known in the literature for this type of cancer cell. More importantly, our results show that this method can suggest potential therapies consisting in a small number of molecular targets. In the model of oncogenic K-ras cancer cells, for instance, we identified combination of up to three targets, which affect different cellular pathways that are crucial for cancer proliferation and survival.
Expansion and Molecular Characterization of AP2/ERF Gene Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Riaz Muhammad Waheed , Lu Jie , Shah Liaqat , Yang Liu , Chen Can , Mei Xu Dong , Xue Liu , Manzoor Muhammad Aamir , Abdullah Muhammad , Rehman Shamsur , Si Hongqi , Ma Chuanxi
Published: March 2021

The AP2/ERF is a large protein family of transcription factors, playing an important role in signal transduction, plant growth, development, and response to various stresses. AP2/ERF super-family is identified and functionalized in a different plant but no comprehensive and systematic analysis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been reported. However, a genome-wide and functional analysis was performed and identified 322 TaAP2/ERF putative genes from the wheat genome. According to the phylogenetic and structural analysis, TaAP2/ERF genes were divided into 12 subfamilies (Ia, Ib, Ic, IIa, IIb, IIc, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IVa, IVb, and IVc). Furthermore, conserved motifs and introns/exons analysis revealed may lead to functional divergence within clades. Cis-Acting analysis indicated that many elements were involved in stress-related and plant development. Chromosomal location showed that 320 AP2/ERF genes were distributed among 21 chromosomes and 2 genes were present in a scaffold. Interspecies microsynteny analysis revealed that maximum orthologous between Arabidopsis, rice followed by wheat. Segment duplication events have contributed to the expansion of the AP2/ERF family and made this family larger than rice and Arabidopsis. Additionally, AP2/ERF genes were differentially expressed in wheat seedlings under the stress treatments of heat, salt, and drought, and expression profiles were verified by qRT-PCR. Remarkably, the RNA-seq data exposed that AP2/ERF gene family might play a vital role in stress-related. Taken together, our findings provided useful and helpful information to understand the molecular mechanism and evolution of the AP2/ERF gene family in wheat.
Identification of Major Loci and Candidate Genes for Meat Production-Related Traits in Broilers
Authors: Yang Xinting , Sun Jiahong , Zhao Guiping , Li Wei , Tan Xiaodong , Zheng Maiqing , Feng Furong , Liu Dawei , Wen Jie , Liu Ranran
Published: March 2021

Background

Carcass traits are crucial characteristics of broilers. However, the underlying genetic mechanisms are not well understood. In the current study, significant loci and major-effect candidate genes affecting nine carcass traits related to meat production were analyzed in 873 purebred broilers using an imputation-based genome-wide association study.

Results

The heritability estimates of nine carcass traits, including carcass weight, thigh muscle weight, and thigh muscle percentage, were moderate to high and ranged from 0.21 to 0.39. Twelve genome-wide significant SNPs and 118 suggestively significant SNPs of 546,656 autosomal variants were associated with carcass traits. All SNPs for six weight traits (body weight at 42 days of age, carcass weight, eviscerated weight, whole thigh weight, thigh weight, and thigh muscle weight) were clustered around the 24.08 Kb region (GGA24: 5.73–5.75 Mb) and contained only one candidate gene (DRD2). The most significant SNP, rs15226023, accounted for 4.85–7.71% of the estimated genetic variance of the six weight traits. The remaining SNPs for carcass composition traits (whole thigh percentage and thigh percentage) were clustered around the 42.52 Kb region (GGA3: 53.03–53.08 Mb) and contained only one candidate gene (ADGRG6). The most significant SNP in this region, rs13571431, accounted for 11.89–13.56% of the estimated genetic variance of two carcass composition traits. Some degree of genetic differentiation inADGRG6between large and small breeds was observed.

Conclusion

We identified one 24.08 Kb region for weight traits and one 42.52 Kb region for thigh-related carcass traits.DRD2was the major-effect candidate gene for weight traits, andADGRG6was the major-effect candidate gene for carcass composition traits. Our results supply essential information for causative mutation identification of carcass traits in broilers.
Application of Multilayer Network Models in Bioinformatics
Authors: Lv Yuanyuan , Huang Shan , Zhang Tianjiao , Gao Bo
Published: March 2021

Multilayer networks provide an efficient tool for studying complex systems, and with current, dramatic development of bioinformatics tools and accumulation of data, researchers have applied network concepts to all aspects of research problems in the field of biology. Addressing the combination of multilayer networks and bioinformatics, through summarizing the applications of multilayer network models in bioinformatics, this review classifies applications and presents a summary of the latest results. Among them, we classify the applications of multilayer networks according to the object of study. Furthermore, because of the systemic nature of biology, we classify the subjects into several hierarchical categories, such as cells, tissues, organs, and groups, according to the hierarchical nature of biological composition. On the basis of the complexity of biological systems, we selected brain research for a detailed explanation. We describe the application of multilayer networks and chronological networks in brain research to demonstrate the primary ideas associated with the application of multilayer networks in biological studies. Finally, we mention a quality assessment method focusing on multilayer and single-layer networks as an evaluation method emphasizing network studies.
Identification and Characterization of Long Non-coding RNAs in the Intestine of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) During Edwardsiella tarda Infection
Authors: Xiu Yunji , Li Yingrui , Liu Xiaofei , Su Lin , Zhou Shun , Li Chao
Published: March 2021

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play widespread roles in fundamental biological processes, including immune responses. The olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), an important economical flatfish widely cultured in Japan, Korea, and China, is threatened by infectious pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. However, the role of lncRNAs in the immune responses of this species against pathogen infections is not well-understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to identify lncRNAs in the intestine of olive flounder and evaluate their differential expression profiles during Edwardsiella tarda infection, which is an important zoonotic and intestinal pathogen. A total of 4,445 putative lncRNAs were identified, including 3,975 novel lncRNAs and 470 annotated lncRNAs. These lncRNAs had shorter lengths and fewer exons compared with mRNAs. In total, 115 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE-lncRNAs) were identified during E. tarda infection. To validate the expression pattern of lncRNAs, six DE-lncRNAs were randomly selected for quantitative real-time PCR. The co-located and co-expressed mRNAs of DE-lncRNAs were predicted, which were used to conduct the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The target genes of DE-lncRNAs enriched numerous immune-related processes and exhibited a strong correlation with immune-related signaling pathways. To better understand the extensive regulatory functions of lncRNAs, the lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory networks were constructed, and two potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks, LNC_001979-novel_171-Potusc2 and LNC_001979-novel_171-Podad1, were preliminarily identified from the intestine of olive flounders for the first time. In conclusion, this study provides an invaluable annotation and expression profile of lncRNAs in the intestine of olive flounder infected with E. tarda; this forms a basis for further studies on the regulatory function of lncRNAs in the intestinal mucosal immune responses of olive flounder.
Cancer Vaccines, Adjuvants, and Delivery Systems
Authors: Paston Samantha J. , Brentville Victoria A. , Symonds Peter , Durrant Lindy G.
Published: March 2021

Vaccination was first pioneered in the 18th century by Edward Jenner and eventually led to the development of the smallpox vaccine and subsequently the eradication of smallpox. The impact of vaccination to prevent infectious diseases has been outstanding with many infections being prevented and a significant decrease in mortality worldwide. Cancer vaccines aim to clear active disease instead of aiming to prevent disease, the only exception being the recently approved vaccine that prevents cancers caused by the Human Papillomavirus. The development of therapeutic cancer vaccines has been disappointing with many early cancer vaccines that showed promise in preclinical models often failing to translate into efficacy in the clinic. In this review we provide an overview of the current vaccine platforms, adjuvants and delivery systems that are currently being investigated or have been approved. With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, we also review the potential of these to be used with cancer vaccines to improve efficacy and help to overcome the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment.