bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Landscape Composition on the Abundance of Laodelphax striatellus Fallén in Fragmented Agricultural Landscapes
Authors: Liu Zhanyu , Chen Jiquan , Qi Jiaguo , John Ranjeet , Cheng Jiaan , Zhu Zengrong
Published: October 2016

The spatial distribution of crop and non-crop habitats over segmented agricultural landscapes could be used as a means to reduce insect pest populations. Seven land cover categories such as wheat, rapeseed, vegetable, water, built-up, paved road, and unsurfaced road were extracted from GeoEye satellite images dating from late May to late June of 2010. Three diversity metrics and three evenness metrics were estimated from the abovementioned land cover categories for quantifying the effect of landscape composition on nymphal and adult Laodelphax striatellus Fallén. The degree of correlation between the proportion of crop cover and adjacent spatial scales (r: 0.651–0.983) was higher than the correlation between the proportion of crop cover and nonadjacent spatial scales (r: −0.255–0.896). While the degree of correlation between diversity indices and abundance of L. striatellus decreased gradually when the spatial scales varied from large (>100 m radius buffer) to small (<100 m). Our study suggests that when using natural biological pest control and ecological engineering practices in the rural-urban fringes, the crop field’s width should be less than 200 m and increasing vegetation diversity within such a scale will be helpful to regulate the insect pests under a certain density.
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Grape Berry in Response to Root Restriction during Developmental Stages
Authors: Leng Feng , Lin Qiong , Wu Di , Wang Shiping , Wang Dengliang , Sun Chongde
Published: October 2016

Root restriction improved berry quality by being involved in diverse aspects of grapevine life. However, the molecular mechanism driving this process is not understood very well. In this study, the ‘Summer Black’ grape berry (Vitis vinifera × V. labrusca) under root restriction was investigated, which showed an increase of total soluble solids (TSS), color index of red grapes (CIRG) value, anthocyanins accumulation, total phenolics and total procyanidins contents during berry development compared with those in control berries. The transcriptomic changes induced by root restriction in ‘Summer Black’ grape over the course of berry development were analyzed by RNA-Seq method. A total of 29,971 genes were generated in ‘Summer Black’ grape berry during development, among which, 1606 genes were significantly responded to root restriction. Furthermore, 1264, 313, 141, 246 and 19 sequences were significantly changed at S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 sample points, respectively. The gene (VIT_04s0023g02290) predicted as a salicylate O-methyltransferase was differentially expressed in all developmental stages. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment showed that response to organic nitrogen, response to endogenous stimulus, flavonoid metabolic process, phenylpropanoid biosynthetic process and cell wall macromolecule metabolic process were the main significant differential categories. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment revealed plant–pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and glucosinolate biosynthesis were the main significant differential pathways. The results of the present study provided a genetic base for the understanding of grape berry fruit quality improvement under root restriction.
A Proof of Concept to Bridge the Gap between Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Protein Identification and Relative Quantitation: MSI~LC-MS/MS-LF
Authors: Théron Laëtitia , Centeno Delphine , Coudy-Gandilhon Cécile , Pujos-Guillot Estelle , Astruc Thierry , Rémond Didier , Barthelemy Jean-Claude , Roche Frédéric , Feasson Léonard , Hébraud Michel , Béchet Daniel , Chambon Christophe
Published: October 2016

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool to visualize the spatial distribution of molecules on a tissue section. The main limitation of MALDI-MSI of proteins is the lack of direct identification. Therefore, this study focuses on a MSI~LC-MS/MS-LF workflow to link the results from MALDI-MSI with potential peak identification and label-free quantitation, using only one tissue section. At first, we studied the impact of matrix deposition and laser ablation on protein extraction from the tissue section. Then, we did a back-correlation of the m/z of the proteins detected by MALDI-MSI to those identified by label-free quantitation. This allowed us to compare the label-free quantitation of proteins obtained in LC-MS/MS with the peak intensities observed in MALDI-MSI. We managed to link identification to nine peaks observed by MALDI-MSI. The results showed that the MSI~LC-MS/MS-LF workflow (i) allowed us to study a representative muscle proteome compared to a classical bottom-up workflow; and (ii) was sparsely impacted by matrix deposition and laser ablation. This workflow, performed as a proof-of-concept, suggests that a single tissue section can be used to perform MALDI-MSI and protein extraction, identification, and relative quantitation.
Towards Integrating Political Ecology into Resilience-Based Management
Authors: Quandt Amy
Published: October 2016

One of the biggest challenges faced today is how to sustainably manage social-ecological systems for both ecological conservation and human wellbeing. This paper explores two approaches to understanding such systems: resilience thinking and political ecology. Resilience thinking is a framework that emerged over the last 40 years as a management strategy for social-ecological systems, and a resilient social-ecological system is capable of absorbing disturbances and still retaining its basic function and structure. Political ecology is derived from cultural ecology and political economy and aims to critically examine how human-environment interactions are linked to environmental problems while exploring issues of power. Drawing from debates and theoretical issues both within and between these two theories, this paper proposes three main arguments for integrating political ecology into managing for resilience. First, political ecology could help fill in understanding gaps in resilience with its focus on society and politics, while resilience thinking’s focus on ecology can ensure that political ecology engages with ecology. Second, the multiple lenses of political ecology may help define the system for resilience management. Third, political ecology’s explanatory power may assist in identifying surrogates of resilience for indirectly measuring social-ecological resilience.
Glucose Oxidase Biosensor Modeling and Predictors Optimization by Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Gonzalez-Navarro Felix , Stilianova-Stoytcheva Margarita , Renteria-Gutierrez Livier , Belanche-Muñoz Lluís , Flores-Rios Brenda , Ibarra-Esquer Jorge
Published: October 2016

Biosensors are small analytical devices incorporating a biological recognition element and a physico-chemical transducer to convert a biological signal into an electrical reading. Nowadays, their technological appeal resides in their fast performance, high sensitivity and continuous measuring capabilities; however, a full understanding is still under research. This paper aims to contribute to this growing field of biotechnology, with a focus on Glucose-Oxidase Biosensor (GOB) modeling through statistical learning methods from a regression perspective. We model the amperometric response of a GOB with dependent variables under different conditions, such as temperature, benzoquinone, pH and glucose concentrations, by means of several machine learning algorithms. Since the sensitivity of a GOB response is strongly related to these dependent variables, their interactions should be optimized to maximize the output signal, for which a genetic algorithm and simulated annealing are used. We report a model that shows a good generalization error and is consistent with the optimization.
Skeleton-Based Abnormal Gait Detection
Authors: Nguyen Trong-Nguyen , Huynh Huu-Hung , Meunier Jean
Published: October 2016

Human gait analysis plays an important role in musculoskeletal disorder diagnosis. Detecting anomalies in human walking, such as shuffling gait, stiff leg or unsteady gait, can be difficult if the prior knowledge of such a gait pattern is not available. We propose an approach for detecting abnormal human gait based on a normal gait model. Instead of employing the color image, silhouette, or spatio-temporal volume, our model is created based on human joint positions (skeleton) in time series. We decompose each sequence of normal gait images into gait cycles. Each human instant posture is represented by a feature vector which describes relationships between pairs of bone joints located in the lower body. Such vectors are then converted into codewords using a clustering technique. The normal human gait model is created based on multiple sequences of codewords corresponding to different gait cycles. In the detection stage, a gait cycle with normality likelihood below a threshold, which is determined automatically in the training step, is assumed as an anomaly. The experimental results on both marker-based mocap data and Kinect skeleton show that our method is very promising in distinguishing normal and abnormal gaits with an overall accuracy of 90.12%.
Complementary Split-Ring Resonator-Loaded Microfluidic Ethanol Chemical Sensor
Authors: Salim Ahmed , Lim Sungjoon
Published: October 2016

In this paper, a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR)-loaded patch is proposed as a microfluidic ethanol chemical sensor. The primary objective of this chemical sensor is to detect ethanol’s concentration. First, two tightly coupled concentric CSRRs loaded on a patch are realized on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5870 substrate, and then a microfluidic channel engraved on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is integrated for ethanol chemical sensor applications. The resonant frequency of the structure before loading the microfluidic channel is 4.72 GHz. After loading the microfluidic channel, the 550 MHz shift in the resonant frequency is ascribed to the dielectric perturbation phenomenon when the ethanol concentration is varied from 0% to 100%. In order to assess the sensitivity range of our proposed sensor, various concentrations of ethanol are tested and analyzed. Our proposed sensor exhibits repeatability and successfully detects 10% ethanol as verified by the measurement set-up. It has created headway to a miniaturized, non-contact, low-cost, reliable, reusable, and easily fabricated design using extremely small liquid volumes.
Two-Time Scale Virtual Sensor Design for Vibration Observation of a Translational Flexible-Link Manipulator Based on Singular Perturbation and Differential Games
Authors: Ju Jinyong , Li Wei , Wang Yuqiao , Fan Mengbao , Yang Xuefeng
Published: October 2016

Effective feedback control requires all state variable information of the system. However, in the translational flexible-link manipulator (TFM) system, it is unrealistic to measure the vibration signals and their time derivative of any points of the TFM by infinite sensors. With the rigid-flexible coupling between the global motion of the rigid base and the elastic vibration of the flexible-link manipulator considered, a two-time scale virtual sensor, which includes the speed observer and the vibration observer, is designed to achieve the estimation for the vibration signals and their time derivative of the TFM, as well as the speed observer and the vibration observer are separately designed for the slow and fast subsystems, which are decomposed from the dynamic model of the TFM by the singular perturbation. Additionally, based on the linear-quadratic differential games, the observer gains of the two-time scale virtual sensor are optimized, which aims to minimize the estimation error while keeping the observer stable. Finally, the numerical calculation and experiment verify the efficiency of the designed two-time scale virtual sensor.
Component-Based Modelling for Scalable Smart City Systems Interoperability: A Case Study on Integrating Energy Demand Response Systems
Authors: Palomar Esther , Chen Xiaohong , Liu Zhiming , Maharjan Sabita , Bowen Jonathan
Published: October 2016

Smart city systems embrace major challenges associated with climate change, energy efficiency, mobility and future services by embedding the virtual space into a complex cyber-physical system. Those systems are constantly evolving and scaling up, involving a wide range of integration among users, devices, utilities, public services and also policies. Modelling such complex dynamic systems’ architectures has always been essential for the development and application of techniques/tools to support design and deployment of integration of new components, as well as for the analysis, verification, simulation and testing to ensure trustworthiness. This article reports on the definition and implementation of a scalable component-based architecture that supports a cooperative energy demand response (DR) system coordinating energy usage between neighbouring households. The proposed architecture, called refinement of Cyber-Physical Component Systems (rCPCS), which extends the refinement calculus for component and object system (rCOS) modelling method, is implemented using Eclipse Extensible Coordination Tools (ECT), i.e., Reo coordination language. With rCPCS implementation in Reo, we specify the communication, synchronisation and co-operation amongst the heterogeneous components of the system assuring, by design scalability and the interoperability, correctness of component cooperation.
Special Issue on Robots and the Work Environment
Authors: Moniz António , Krings Bettina-Johanna
Published: October 2016

The future development of industries is currently on the agenda of public and scientific debates.[...]
Angry and Alone: Demographic Characteristics of Those Who Post to Online Comment Sections
Authors: Artime Michael
Published: October 2016

The Internet and social media afford individuals the opportunity to post their thoughts instantaneously and largely without filters. While this has tremendous democratic potential, it also raises questions about the quality of the discourse these technological changes portend. Online comment sections may be a particularly unique form of communication within social media to investigate because of their ubiquitous and often anonymous nature. A longitudinal examination of Pew Center data over the course of 4 years suggests that there are demographic differences between people who post and those who do not post to online comment sections. Specifically, in 2008 and 2010 regression analysis demonstrates there is an increased likelihood of posting among men, the unmarried, and the unemployed. However, the 2012 data tells a different story and suggests the possibility that the nature of comment sections might be changing. The findings have important implications for understanding the character of online discourse as well as the vitriol undergirding the political attitudes of disaffected citizens.
Fish Reproduction Is Disrupted upon Lifelong Exposure to Environmental PAHs Fractions Revealing Different Modes of Action
Authors: Vignet Caroline , Larcher Thibaut , Davail Blandine , Joassard Lucette , Le Menach Karyn , Guionnet Tiphaine , Lyphout Laura , Ledevin Mireille , Goubeau Manon , Budzinski Hélène , Bégout Marie-Laure , Cousin Xavier
Published: October 2016

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a large family of organic pollutants emitted in the environment as complex mixtures, the compositions of which depend on origin. Among a wide range of physiological defects, PAHs are suspected to be involved in disruption of reproduction. In an aquatic environment, the trophic route is an important source of chronic exposure to PAHs. Here, we performed trophic exposure of zebrafish to three fractions of different origin, one pyrolytic and two petrogenic. Produced diets contained PAHs at environmental concentrations. Reproductive traits were analyzed at individual, tissue and molecular levels. Reproductive success and cumulative eggs number were disrupted after exposure to all three fractions, albeit to various extents depending on the fraction and concentrations. Histological analyses revealed ovary maturation defects after exposure to all three fractions as well as degeneration after exposure to a pyrolytic fraction. In testis, hypoplasia was observed after exposure to petrogenic fractions. Genes expression analysis in gonads has allowed us to establish common pathways such as endocrine disruption or differentiation/maturation defects. Taken altogether, these results indicate that PAHs can indeed disrupt fish reproduction and that different fractions trigger different pathways resulting in different effects.
Simulation and Prediction of Climate Variability and Assessment of the Response of Water Resources in a Typical Watershed in China
Authors: Jin Hua , Zhu Qiao , Zhao Xuehua , Zhang Yongbo
Published: October 2016

The assessment of water resource responses to climate change is required in water resource planning and management, protecting environmental quality, and managing watersheds. This study modeled surface runoff and baseflow responses to variations in precipitation (0%, ±10%, and ±20%) and temperature (0 °C, ±1 °C, and ±2 °C) in 25 types of scenarios in the Lanhe Watershed (1140 km2), which possesses the typical hydrological and meteorological characteristics of the Loess Plateau in China. The study is based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), which was calibrated and validated using the coefficient of determination (R2), Nash-Suttcliffe (Ens), and Percent bias (PBIAS), using the observed streamflow of Shangjingyou Station, a unique gauging station in the study area. The model was calibrated with daily streamflow, from 1967 to 1996, and then validated from 1997 to 2011. R2, Ens, and PBIAS were 0.95 and 0.84, 0.78 and 0.72, and 0.6% and −9.1% in annual and monthly calibration periods, 0.90 and 0.78, 0.74 and 0.67, and 22.1% and 18.8% in annual and monthly validation periods, and the overall performance ratings was “satisfactory”. The assessment indicates that surface runoff is likely to be more affected than baseflow when altering temperatures and precipitation, and the noticeable changes of surface and baseflow are from June to September and October to November, respectively. Results also indicate that surface runoff and baseflow are very sensitive to the projected reduction in temperature, rather than to an increase of temperature, while precipitation is a constant. In turn, when the temperature is a constant, the surface runoff is sensitive to the projected increase in precipitation and the baseflow is sensitive to the decrease in precipitation.
Unobtrusive and Continuous Monitoring of Alcohol-impaired Gait Using Smart Shoes
Authors: Lee Sunghoon I. , Nam Hyo Suk , Garst Jordan H. , Huang Alex , Campion Andrew , Arnell Monica , Ghalehsariand Nima , Park Sangsoo , Chang Hyuk-jae , Lu Daniel C. , Sarrafzadeh Majid , Park Eunjeong
Published: October 2016

Background: Alcohol ingestion influences sensory-motor function and the overall well-being of individuals. Detecting alcoholinduced impairments in gait in daily life necessitates a continuous and unobtrusive gait monitoring system.

Objectives: This paper introduces the development and use of a non-intrusive monitoring system to detect changes in gait induced by alcohol intoxication.

Methods: The proposed system employed a pair of sensorized smart shoes that are equipped with pressure sensors on the insole. Gait features were extracted and adjusted based on individual’s gait profile. The adjusted gait features were used to train a machine learning classifier to discriminate alcohol-impaired gait from normal walking. In experiment of pilot study, twenty participants completed walking trials on a 12 meter walkway to measure their sober walking and alcohol-impaired walking using smart shoes.

Results: The proposed system can detect alcohol-impaired gait with an accuracy of 86.2% when pressure value analysis and person-dependent model for the classifier are applied, while statistical analysis revealed that no single feature was discriminative for the detection of gait impairment.

Conclusions: Alcohol-induced gait disturbances can be detected with smart shoe technology for an automated monitoring in ubiquitous environment. We demonstrated that personal monitoring and machine learning-based prediction could be customized to detect individual variation rather than applying uniform boundary parameters of gait.
Antitumor magnetic hyperthermia induced by RGD-functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles, in an experimental model of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Arriortua Oihane K , Garaio Eneko , Herrero de la Parte Borja , Insausti Maite , Lezama Luis , Plazaola Fernando , García Jose Angel , Aizpurua Jesús M , Sagartzazu Maialen , Irazola Mireia , Etxebarria Nestor , García-Alonso Ignacio , Saiz-López Alberto , Echevarria-Uraga José Javier
Published: October 2016

This work reports important advances in the study of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) related to their application in different research fields such as magnetic hyperthermia. Nanotherapy based on targeted nanoparticles could become an attractive alternative to conventional oncologic treatments as it allows a local heating in tumoral surroundings without damage to healthy tissue. RGD-peptide-conjugated MNPs have been designed to specifically target αVβ3 receptor-expressing cancer cells, being bound the RGD peptides by “click chemistry” due to its selectivity and applicability. The thermal decomposition of iron metallo-organic precursors yield homogeneous Fe3O4 nanoparticles that have been properly functionalized with RGD peptides, and the preparation of magnetic fluids has been achieved. The nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectroscopy and magnetic hyperthermia. The nanoparticles present superparamagnetic behavior with very high magnetization values, which yield hyperthermia values above 500 W/g for magnetic fluids. These fluids have been administrated to rats, but instead of injecting MNP fluid directly into liver tumors, intravascular administration of MNPs in animals with induced colorectal tumors has been performed. Afterwards the animals were exposed to an alternating magnetic field in order to achieve hyperthermia. The evolution of an in vivo model has been described, resulting in a significant reduction in tumor viability.
NuSTAR OBSERVATIONS OF MAGNETAR 1E 1048.1–5937
Authors: Yang C. , Archibald R. F. , Vogel J. K. , An H. , Kaspi V. M. , Guillot S. , Beloborodov A. M. , Pivovaroff M.
Published: October 2016

We report on simultaneous Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) and XMM-Newton observations of the magnetar 1E 1048.1−5937, along with Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) data for the same source. The NuSTAR data provide a clear detection of this magnetar’s persistent emission up to 20 keV. We detect a previously unreported small secondary peak in the average pulse profile in the 7–10 keV band, which grows to an amplitude comparable to that of the main peak in the 10–20 keV band. We show using RXTE data that this secondary peak is likely transient. We find that the pulsed fraction increases with energy from a value of ∼0.55 at ∼2 keV to a value of ∼0.75 near 8 keV but shows evidence of decreasing at higher energies. After filtering out multiple bright X-ray bursts during the observation, we find that the phase-averaged spectrum from combined NuSTAR and XMM data is well described by an absorbed double blackbody plus power-law model, with no evidence for the spectral turn-up near ∼10 keV as has been seen in some other magnetars. Our data allow us to rule out a spectral turn-up similar to those seen in magnetars 4U 0142+61 and 1E 2259+586 of ΔΓ ≳ 2, where ΔΓ is the difference between the soft-band and hard-band photon indexes. The lack of spectral turn-up is consistent with what has been observed from an active subset of magnetars given previously reported trends suggesting that the degree of spectral turn-up is correlated with spin-down rate and/or spin-inferred magnetic field.
TIDAL DISRUPTION RATES IN NON-SPHERICAL GALACTIC NUCLEI FORMED BY GALAXY MERGERS
Authors: Lezhnin Kirill , Vasiliev Eugene
Published: October 2016

We explore the rates of tidal disruption events (TDEs) of stars by supermassive black holes (SBHs) in galactic nuclei formed in mergers followed by a formation and coalescence of a binary SBH. Such systems initially have a deficit of stars on low-angular-momentum orbits caused by the slingshot process during the binary SBH stage, which tends to reduce the flux of stars into the SBH compared to the steady-state value. On the other hand, a newly formed galactic nucleus has a non-spherical shape, which enhances the mixing of stars in angular momentum and, thus, the TDE rate. In galaxies with relatively low SBH masses (

), relaxation times are short enough to wash out the anisotropy in initial conditions, and for more massive SBHs the enhancement of flux due to non-sphericity turns out to be more important than its suppression due to initial anisotropy. Therefore, the present-day TDE rates generally exceed conventional steady-state estimates based on a spherical isotropic approximation. We thus conjecture that the lower observationally inferred TDE rates compared to theoretical predictions cannot be attributed to the depletion of low-angular-momentum stars by SBH binaries.
L’avenir de la ségrégation
Authors: Benslama Fethi
Published: October 2016

Cet article aborde la question de la ségrégation dans l’optique psychanalytique. Il commence par la situer en tant que notion au fondement de la constitution politique des groupes humains. Il retrace ensuite la manière avec laquelle Jacques Lacan va l’introduire, non seulement en anticipant sur la montée du racisme, comme on le dit souvent, mais plus fondamentalement pour renouveler le tissage problématique légué par Freud dans sa théorie de la culture.
Le touriste et le réfugié
Authors: Geeraert Jérémy
Published: October 2016

À l’appui d’une enquête empirique réalisée dans une structure hospitalière – la PASS (Permanence d’accès aux soins de santé) – qui prend en charge les personnes sans Sécurité sociale, cet article propose d’analyser d’un point de vue sociologique les processus de construction des figures du patient migrant et précaire dans les interactions entre patients et professionnels. Ces figures se construisent dans le cadre d’une structure de type assistanciel et grâce à l’utilisation de statuts administratifs qui permettent d’identifier et de catégoriser, dans un premier temps, les patients. La réactivation des oppositions traditionnelles entre le bon et le mauvais pauvre, le bon et le mauvais patient ou encore entre le bon et le mauvais migrant permettent, dans un second temps, aux professionnels de replacer ces catégories et identités dans un cadre moral. Nous verrons notamment le rôle central que joue ici la mise en récit des patients, de leur parcours de vie et de leur maladie, dans ces processus d’assignation d’identités. Ces derniers s’appuient largement sur des catégories produites par l’État, mais aussi sur la perception individuelle que se font les professionnels des patients et sur les sentiments tels que la compassion ou le mérite qui en ressortent.
Gouverner, éduquer et analyser : trois métiers impossibles ?
Authors: Gori Roland
Published: October 2016

Dans un texte célèbre de 1937, « L’analyse avec fin et l’analyse sans fin », Freud pose que « gouverner, éduquer, analyser » constitueraient des « métiers » impossibles, dont les résultats seraient voués à « l’échec », selon certaines traductions françaises, ou à « l’insuffisance », selon le texte original. L’auteur montre que la nuance est de taille, qu’elle révèle la dérive technicienne de la psychanalyse, laquelle rejoint la civilisation contemporaine des mœurs. En effet, la civilisation des mœurs, qu’elle procède de l’éducation, du soin, de l’éthique, de la justice, de l’art ou de la science, se révèle profondément politique. Dès l’origine, dans l’histoire de l’Occident, le gouvernement des humains s’est accompagné de dispositifs spécifiques du gouvernement de soi, dont la psychanalyse est partie prenante. Traduire par « échec », ce qui dans le texte freudien est conçu comme « insuffisance », pourrait bien s’avérer propre à la dérive totalitaire de notre société.
Génocide, images traumatiques et survivance : étude clinique
Authors: Veuillet-Combier Claudine
Published: October 2016

Cet article propose de réfléchir au croisement entre catastrophe individuelle et catastrophe collective, organisée par la violence génocidaire. Il interroge quel est alors, dans ce contexte, le destin des images traumatiques. À travers l’étude d’un cas clinique - un jeune homme réfugié du Rwanda -, la question suivante est traitée : comment le survivant d’un projet de crime de masse, peut-il renouer avec une parole qui lui rende sa part d’humanité et se délivrer de la hantise du passé ?
Camus, le premier homme
Authors: Bessaih Zoubida
Published: October 2016

Le dernier roman de Camus, Le premier homme , publié à titre posthume, est le récit autobiographique de la redécouverte du père mort, à 29 ans, par son fils de 40 ans. Ce retour du père mort ne se fait pas sans angoisse et donne lieu à des questions liées à son être. La mort constitue le fil conducteur de l’œuvre de Camus, présente dans ses écrits littéraires ; elle l’est également dans ses engagements comme dans ses essais philosophiques. Le vœu de mort du père, au cœur de la constitution du sujet, permettra de donner un éclairage nouveau sur les prises de position, pas toujours comprises, de l’écrivain.
Quand les femmes héritent : une analyse genrée des phénomènes lignagers en Asie du Sud
Authors: Dutoya Virginie
Published: October 2016

L’importance des « familles politiques » est une caractéristique connue des régimes de l’Asie du Sud. Le rôle de l’hérédité dans ce domaine y serait d’autant plus remarquable que ce phénomène fait la part belle aux femmes dans des contextes qui leur sont autrement peu favorables. Ainsi, la famille, site majeur de (re)production des représentations et des hiérarchies de genre constitue une filière d’accès au pouvoir politique pour les femmes sud-asiatiques. L’étude des cas de l’Inde et du Pakistan permet d’analyser les dynamiques de transmission intrafamiliale des mandats parlementaires sous l’angle du genre. L’enquête quantitative et qualitative sur les femmes parlementaires depuis 1947 dans les deux pays souligne les possibilités, mais aussi les contraintes que représentent les phénomènes d’hérédité politique pour les femmes. Cette analyse genrée permet de saisir la complexité de l’imbrication des rapports de pouvoir familiaux, sociaux et politiques.
Le genre de l’hérédité en politique : une filière d’accès pour les élues municipales en Gironde ?
Authors: Marneur Victor
Published: October 2016

Les communes rurales constituent un terrain privilégié pour la transmission héréditaire des mandats municipaux. À cet égard, et même si plusieurs travaux ont montré le caractère patrilinéaire de cet héritage, il convient de s’interroger sur la probabilité pour les femmes d’hériter d’un mandat. Les résultats d’une enquête par questionnaire et par entretiens menée dans les municipalités de la Gironde entre 2012 et 2014 ont permis d’identifier plusieurs formes d’héritage en politique dans les espaces ruraux. Or, si certaines fonctionnent pour les deux sexes, il existe bien des modalités spécifiques de transmission d’un mandat pour les femmes. Il s’avère ainsi que, dans certains contextes, notamment peu concurrentiels, l’héritage constitue une filière d’accès à l’espace publique permettant aux femmes de neutraliser les effets démobilisateurs de leur genre en politique.
Improvisé
Authors: Laurent Géraldine , Hofstein Francis
Published: October 2016

L’idée de cet entretien, qui s’est tenu le 14 juin 2014 avant d’être transcrit et mis en forme en septembre, est née de la demande d’écrire sur l’improvisation sous l’angle conjoint du jazz et de la psychanalyse, et de l’écoute attentive de Géraldine Laurent, saxophoniste de jazz, parlant un soir à Paris de son rapport à la psychanalyse. Différence, similitude, résistance, mémoire, travail, technique, corps, écoute, présence… sont ainsi abordés dans cet échange improvisé en toute liberté.
Observation de la relation mère-bébé dans un contexte culturel africain
Authors: Maiello Suzanne
Published: October 2016

L’auteur décrit son expérience d’observation d’un bébé africain en Afrique du Sud. Les observations révèlent une prépondérance marquée des modalités relationnelles proximales, alors qu’en occident prévalent les modalités distales. L’auteur s’interroge sur le rapport possible entre ces différences relationnelles précoces, imprégnées dès le début de la vie de leurs traditions culturelles respectives, et le développement du sens d’identité de l’enfant. Elle pose enfin la question des racines culturelles de toute théorie et méthode d’intervention, et partant de leur applicabilité dans une autre culture.
L’observation du bébé et du petit enfant : À propos de la qualité du zoom
Authors: Borghini Ayala
Published: October 2016

Lorsqu’on observe un enfant, l’attention aux détails subtils de l’interaction prend toute son importance. La lisibilité des comportements du bébé représente un effort certain pour les professionnels concernés. Les grilles d’observation, échelles ou autres procédés quantitatifs – macro-analytiques ou micro-analytiques selon des paradigmes naturalistes versus expérimentaux – peuvent aider les professionnels à développer leur capacité de repérer les finesses comportementales les plus nuancées entre les différents partenaires. Une grille d’observation de qualité implique également une utilisation acceptée et partagée de la subjectivité des observateurs. C’est à travers cette subjectivité, cette forme d’enregistrement émotionnel qui nous est propre, que la finesse des comportements pourra être appréhendée avec le tact et l’acuité nécessaires. Une grille d’observation de qualité comprend enfin une forme d’organisation facilitatrice au sein de son procédé de codage. Comme un zoom permet de focaliser son attention sur des détails puis de revenir sur une vue d’ensemble, une grille d’observation de qualité facilite ce trajet en éclairant le détail des comportements en fonction d’une structure spécifique sous-tendue par des éléments théoriques définis. La théorie de l’attachement représente l’un des champs théoriques qui a été le plus fécond en matière d’élaboration d’instruments de recherche chez le tout petit en correspondant à ces critères directement ou indirectement ; de nombreux outils dans le domaine de l’évaluation des interactions précoces et des techniques de videofeedback en sont le fruit.
Penser la place de l’humain dans le cosmos, à l’écoute de la Sagesse biblique
Authors: Ramond Sophie
Published: October 2016

Comment l’antique sagesse d’Israël pourrait-elle aider à penser les préoccupations écologiques contemporaines ? Pour répondre à cette question, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte la pluralité du texte biblique et de questionner le présupposé de sa perspective anthropocentrique. Pour le dire autrement, il importe de vérifier si la littérature biblique de sagesse permet de dépasser l’opposition entre anthropocentrisme et cosmocentrisme. Mais le texte biblique n’étant pas naïf et ne masquant rien des errements de l’humanité, il conviendra tout autant de cerner de quelle manière il avertit des conséquences que peut engendrer l’activité humaine quand elle exploite la création à son profit. En définitive, il s’agit de regarder en quoi la Bible peut aider à penser comment habiter le présent sans se divertir des enjeux écologiques.
Réception et synodalité. Laudato si’ comme seuil dans l’enseignement social de l’Église
Authors: Charoy Francine , Forestier Luc
Published: October 2016

L’encyclique Laudato si’ se présente comme un « dialogue », ce qui conduit à réinterroger le contenu de cette méthode, qui vient interroger deux lieux communs de nos sociétés post-modernes et énergivores. Refusant le monopole du paradigme technoscientifique et affirmant la pertinence des religions et des sagesses, François prolonge son geste de gouvernement synodal de l’Église, ce qui modifie le statut de la réception. C’est dans la mesure où toute l’Église recevra cette double mise en mouvement que les chrétiens pourront effectivement participer, dans le dialogue, à la sauvegarde de la maison commune.
De la Jésulogie à la christologie . Reconquête de l’ unité de la christologie et principales étapes de la reconquête (deuxième partie)
Authors: Holzer Vincent
Published: October 2016

Dans la célèbre Vie de Jésus de David Frédéric Strauss, admirablement traduite en français par Littré (1839-1840) apparaît l’expression de « christologie scientifique » censée sauver l’essence de la doctrine de foi. D.F. Strauss n’est peut-être pas le représentant le plus subtil ni le meilleur épigone de Schleiermacher, mais il exprime, non sans talent, le caractère presque abyssal de la « diastase » qui désormais distend l’état de la recherche historique sur Jésus et les constructions d’une dogmatique ecclésiale qui peine à s’y ajuster. Le xx e siècle christologique se caractérise essentiellement comme une tâche ardue de reconquête de l’unité de la christologie, dans une sorte de tension dialectique irrésolue, jusqu’à ce que des positions qui demeurent néanmoins en tension finissent par se rapprocher en posant à frais nouveaux la question de la « personne » de Jésus comme fondement du discours christologique. C’est la trajectoire de cette tâche de reconquête que la présente étude se propose de décrire et d’interpréter.
Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon After Plate Fixation
Authors: Kadoma Chieko , Takahara Masatoshi , Maruyama Masahiro , Satake Hiroshi , Takagi Michiaki
Published: October 2016

Rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon is a major complication after volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fracture. This study used ultrasonography to assess the flexor pollicis longus tendon and intermediate tissue. The study assessed 27 patients (28 wrists) who underwent removal of the volar locking plate. Before plate removal, radiography and ultrasonography were performed to assess the relation between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the volar locking plate. Intraoperatively, the authors evaluated the intermediate tissues between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the distal volar margin of the plate. Preoperative and intraoperative findings were compared. Intraoperative findings were strongly related to the distance between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the volar locking plate on ultrasonography. The sensitivity of ultrasonography in detecting thin, membrane-like intermediate tissue through which the plate was visible was 95%, and the specificity was 89% if the distance between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the plate was less than 0.7 mm. Compression of the flexor pollicis longus tendon was seen in 11 cases (39.3%), and this finding suggested the presence of thin, membrane-like intermediate tissue. The study results showed that ultrasonography could be used to identify the type of intermediate tissue between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the volar locking plate. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e104–e108.]
Primary and Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantations in Children With Pediatric Cataract: Visual Acuity and Strabismus at the Age of 2 Years and Older
Authors: Sefi-Yurdakul Nazife , Berk Ayse Tülin
Published: October 2016

Purpose:

To compare the visual outcomes of primary and secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantations and to identify the risk factors for the development of strabismus in patients with pediatric cataract.

Methods:

The records of the pediatric patients who had undergone cataract surgery between January 1999 and November 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The results of the cases with cataract extraction with primary IOL implantation (primary group) and cases with secondary IOL implantation (secondary group) were compared and the risk factors for the development of strabismus were investigated.

Results:

This study included 220 eyes of 148 patients who had surgery for pediatric cataract. The mean age of the patients was 6.84 ± 3.45 years (range: 2 to 17 years) for the primary group at the time of cataract extraction and primary posterior chamber IOL implantation and 8.92 ± 5.12 years (range: 2 to 18 years) for the secondary group at the time of secondary IOL implantation (
P
= .118). Strabismus developed in 28 patients (23.73%) in the primary group and 9 patients (30%) in the secondary group (
P
= .702). At the last postoperative examination, Snellen visual acuity was 0.44 and 0.28 for the primary and secondary groups, respectively (
P
= .013). There was a negative relationship between visual acuity and the development of strabismus (
P
= .048), whereas there was a positive relationship between the follow-up period and the development of strabismus (
P
= .008).

Conclusions:

Optic rehabilitation of the pediatric cataract is an important factor in the development of strabismus. These cases should be monitored closely.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2017;54(2):97–102.]
Les systèmes d’armes létaux autonomes (SALA) : Enjeux juridiques de l’émergence d’un moyen de combat déshumanisé
Authors: Ancelin Julien
Published: October 2016

Les robots-tueurs, techniquement dénommés systèmes d’armes létaux autonomes (SALA), sont sur le point de constituer un nouveau moyen de combat. L’étendue de cette nouvelle catégorie est au cœur des discussions internationales menées dans le cadre du suivi de la Convention sur certaines armes classiques. L’analyse de leurs implications potentielles pour le droit international dépasse le cadre d’un simple examen de licéité.
Equilibrate and Minimize the Energy Consumption in a Cluster for Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Jerbi Wassim , Trabelsi Hafedh , Guermazi Abderrahmen
Published: October 2016

The Cluster Head is selected on the basis of maximum number of nodes connected, thus several sensor nodes cannot reach any CH, even though they are in the transmission range. These nodes are called the isolated nodes. To solve this problem, the proposed a sub_cluster protocol, its role is to reduce the sensor nodes which do not belong the cluster. The major novel contribution of the proposed work is the sub_cluster protocol which provides coverage of the whole network with a minimum number of isolated nodes and has a very high connectivity rates. The sub_cluster protocol allows firstly with great cluster can be grouped many sub_cluster protocol connected to major CH, each sub_cluster protocol, can be connected of the maximum nodes non CH.
Religion, culture, and discrimination against persons with disabilities in Nigeria
Authors: Etieyibo Edwin , Omiegbe Odirin
Published: October 2016

Background: There is not a lot in the literature on disability in Nigeria concerning the role that religion, culture and beliefs play in sustaining discriminatory practices against persons with disabilities.Objectives: Many of these practices are exclusionary in nature and unfair. They are either embedded in or sustained by religion, culture and beliefs about disability and persons with disabilities.Methods: Drawing on various resources and research on disability, this paper looks at these practices in respect of these sustaining factors. Some of the discriminatory practices that constitute the main focus of the paper are the trafficking and killing of people with mental illness, oculocutaneous albinism and angular kyphosis, raping of women with mental illness and the employment of children with disabilities for alms-begging.Results: The examination of these practices lends some significant weight and substance to the social model of disability, which construes disability in the context of oppression and the failure of social environments and structures to adjust to the needs and aspirations of people with disabilities.Conclusion: Given the unfairness and wrongness of these practices they ought to be deplored. Moreover, the Nigerian government needs to push through legislation that targets cultural and religious practices which are discriminatory against persons with disabilities as well as undertake effective and appropriate measures aimed at protecting and advancing the interests of persons with disabilities.
Rethinking the theory of evolution: New perspectives on human evolution and why it matters for Theology
Authors: Van Huyssteen J. Wentzel
Published: October 2016

This article addresses the issue of human imagination from the perspective of ‘niche construction’ in the wider discussion about ‘what makes us human’ and what it means to be a ‘self’, specifically for the Christian faith and for theology. In the article, a brief review of human origins and human evolution demonstrates the path and substantive impact of changes in behaviour, life histories and bodies in our human ancestors and us as humans ourselves. In the interactive process of niche construction, potentially changeable natural environments were, and are, acting continuously on variation in the gene pools of populations, and in this way gene pools were modified over generations. It is argued that a distinctively human imagination is part of the explanation for human evolutionary success and can be seen as one of the structurally significant aspects of the transition from earlier members of the genus Homo to ourselves as we are today. There is thus a naturalness to human imagination, even to religious imagination, that facilitates engagement with the world that is truly distinct. This provides fruitful addition to the toolkit of inquiry for both evolutionary scientists and interdisciplinary theologians interested in reconstructing the long, winding historical path to humanity.
Confirmation of factors that influence antiretroviral regimen change and the subsequent patient outcomes at a Regional Hospital in rural KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Soorju Vereesha , Naidoo Panjasaram
Published: October 2016

Background: Treatment failure (TF) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are the main indications for antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen change. Identification of factors influencing regimen change and subsequent health outcomes of patients after regimen change is essential in providing a sustainable and effective antiretroviral roll-out campaign.Aim: To confirm the factors that influence antiretroviral regimen change and to evaluate patient outcomes post regimen change.Methods: A retrospective chart analysis of 269 HIV-infected non-pregnant patients (age >18 years), who underwent an antiretroviral (ARV) regimen change and were followed up for approximately one year since initiation, was undertaken at a Provincial Hospital ARV Clinic in KwaZulu-Natal, from January 2008 to December 2012.Results: Of the 269 patients, there were 200 females (75%). Most patients were between the ages 30 and 44 (57.6%). Only five patients had coexisting tuberculosis (TB) infection (2%). The most common first-line ART regimen to be changed was stavudine (D4T)/lamivudine(3TC)/ efavirenz(EFV) n = 111(41%). The most common regimen patients were changed to was tenofovir (TDF)/3TC/EFV n = 89(33%). Stavudine was the most commonly substituted drug (35.5%). Lipodystrophy was the most common ADR (56.8%). ADR was the indication for ART regimen change in 175 patients (65%), whilst TF accounted for ART regimen change in 94 patients (35%). Immunological success (CD4 counts) was shown after regimen change (374.21 ± 243.16 vs. 456.09 ± 250.07, CI: 0.95, p < 0.001). Undetectable viral loads were measured in 172/205 (83.9%) patients post regimen change.Conclusion: ADRs were the main cause for antiretroviral regimen change. Stavudine was the most substituted drug with lipodystrophy being the most common side effect. Coexisting TB infection did not influence regimen change. Immunological and virological success was shown after regimen modification.