bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of cortisol and psychopathic traits in aggression among at‐risk girls: Tests of mediating hypotheses
Authors: Stoppelbein Laura , Greening Leilani , Luebbe Aaron , Fite Paula , Becker Stephen P.
Published: December 2013

Multiple etiological factors (e.g., biological and personality predispositions) have been linked to the development of aggression. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relation between proactive/reactive aggression and biological (HPA‐axis functioning) and personality characteristics (subdimensions of psychopathy) among girls at risk for aggressive behavior. Participants included girls (N = 158) admitted for acute psychiatric inpatient treatment (M age = 9.72; SD = 1.99). Parents completed a measure of proactive/reactive aggression and psychopathy upon admission. Fasting plasma cortisol levels were obtained the morning following the child's admission. Correlational analyses revealed a significant negative correlation between cortisol and the narcissism and impulsivity subdimensions of psychopathy as well as proactive/reactive aggression. A significant positive relation between proactive and reactive aggression and the three subdimensions of psychopathy was also observed. Path analyses revealed that only narcissism was uniquely and positively related to proactive and reactive aggression. Tests of indirect effects from cortisol to aggression through subdimensions of psychopathy indicated significant pathways via narcissism to proactive and reactive aggression. The findings support previous research linking narcissism uniquely to aggression for girls and suggest that the relation between cortisol and proactive/reactive aggression is mediated by narcissism. Aggr. Behav. 40:263–272, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
25th Anniversary Article: Rise to Power – OPV‐Based Solar Parks
Authors: Krebs Frederik C. , Espinosa Nieves , Hösel Markus , Søndergaard Roar R. , Jørgensen Mikkel
Published: December 2013

A solar park based on polymer solar cells is described and analyzed with respect to performance, practicality, installation speed, and energy payback time. It is found that a high voltage installation where solar cells are all printed in series enables an installation rate in Watts installed per minute that far exceed any other PV technology in existence. The energy payback time for the practical installation of polymer solar cell foil on a wooden 250 square meter platform in its present form is 277 days when operated in Denmark and 180 days when operated in southern Spain. The installation and de‐installation rate is above 100 m min−1, which, with the present performance and web width, implies installation of >200 W min−1. In comparison, this also exceeds the overall manufacturing speed of the polymer solar cell foil with a width of 305 mm which is currently 1 m min−1 for complete encapsulated and tested foil. It is also significant that simultaneous installation and de‐installation which enables efficient schemes for decommissioning and recycling is possible. It is highlighted where research efforts should most rationally be invested in order to make grid electricity from OPV a reality (and it is within reach).
Random Lasing with a High Quality Factor over the Whole Visible Range Based on Cascade Energy Transfer
Authors: Shi Xiaoyu , Wang Yanrong , Wang Zhaona , Wei Sujun , Sun Yanyan , Liu Dahe , Zhou Jing , Zhang Yongyi , Shi Jinwei
Published: December 2013

On the basis of cascade energy transfer between different dye molecules, single‐excitation and low threshold coherent random lasing with a high quality factor (∼13 000) over the whole visible range is experimentally observed using gold–silver bimetallic porous nanowires with abundant nanogaps as the scatterers. These nanogaps with different sizes in the bimetallic nanowires can produce continuous plasmonic resonance spectra and provide strong feedback or gain channels for the stimulated emission from different dye molecules. It guarantees a low threshold of lasing. Moreover, multi gain media can provide broad tunability of the emission wavelength when the system is pumped by single‐wavelength pulses. It provides excellent flexibility for the design of multicolor output devices.
Volumetric differences in body shape among adults with differing body mass index values: An analysis using three‐dimensional body scans
Authors: Daniell Nathan , Olds Tim , Tomkinson Grant
Published: November 2013

Objectives

This study quantified differences in body shape of people differing in body mass index (BMI), using three‐dimensional (3D) scan‐extracted segmental body volumes.

Methods

Eight segmental volumes were measured on 340 young adults (169 males and 171 females) aged 18–30 years, using the Vitus Smart 3D whole body scanner. Body volumes were also expressed as a ratio of the sex‐specific mean volume (segmental or whole body) and compared to BMI using simple linear regression, multiple‐segment‐linear regression and Lowess curves.

Results

While all segmental volumes increased significantly as BMI increased, the BMI‐related patterns of increase varied among different body segments. For example, pelvis and abdomen volumes increased at a significantly greater rate than whole body volume, with the rates of increase greatest in the overweight and obese.

Conclusions

Body shape changes due to variations in body volume could have important implications in a range of fields that currently use 1D anthropometric measurements that do not capture body shape differences in the same detail. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:156–163, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Messen bei Querkraftversuchen
Authors: Schacht Gregor , Bolle Guido , Marx Steffen
Published: December 2013

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der messtechnischen Überwachung des Trag‐ und Verformungsverhaltens von schubbeanspruchten Stahlbetonbauteilen. Zunächst wird die chronologische Entwicklung der verwendeten Messtechniken bei Schubversuchen beschrieben und darauf aufbauend gezeigt, welche Messmethoden für heutige Untersuchungen zur Verfügung stehen bzw. angewendet werden. Für die verschiedenen Messaufgaben und Messziele bei Schubversuchen werden die Einsatzmöglichkeiten der verschiedenen Messverfahren vorgestellt und Empfehlungen für die messtechnische Erfassung von Strukturveränderungen während eines Versuchs gegeben. Die unterschiedlichen Messtechniken werden klassifiziert und bewertet, sodass Ingenieuren und Forschern eine Handlungsempfehlung für die Planung von zukünftigen Schubversuchen vorliegt.

Measuring in shear tests – Technical Development and actual possibilities

The paper gives an overview about the development of the measuring techniques used in the experimental investigations of the load bearing and deformation behavior of reinforced concrete elements in shear. After the historical development the today available measuring techniques for shear investigations are presented. It is shown for which measuring targets the different methods can be used and recommendations for the detection of smallest structural changes during the tests are made. The different measurement techniques are classified and evaluated, and therewith a guidance for the planning of the measuring techniques in future shear tests is given.
Application of synchrotron X‐ray microtomography for visualizing bacterial biofilms 3D microstructure in porous media
Authors: Rolland du Roscoat S. , Martins J.M.F. , Séchet P. , Vince E. , Latil P. , Geindreau C.
Published: November 2013

The development of reliable models to accurately predict biofilm growth in porous media relies on a good knowledge of the temporal evolution of biofilms structure within the porous network. Since little is known on the true 3D structure of biofilms developed in porous media, this work aimed at developing a new experimental protocol to visualize the 3D microstructure of bacterial biofilms in porous media. The main originality of the proposed procedure lies on the combination of the more recent advances in synchrotron microtomography (Paganin mode) and of a new contrast agent (1‐chloronaphtalene) that has never been applied to biofilm visualization. It is shown that the proposed methodology takes advantage of the contrasting properties of 1‐chloronaphtalene to prevent some limitations observed with more classical contrast agents. A quantitative analysis of the microstructural properties (volume fractions and specific surface area) of bacterial biofilms developed in columns of clay beads is also proposed on the basis of the obtained 3D images. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1265–1271. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A coronary “tunnel”: Optical coherence tomography assessment after rotational atherectomy
Authors: Mestre Rodrigo Teijeiro , Alegria‐Barrero Eduardo , Di Mario Carlo
Published: November 2013

A 81‐year‐old woman was admitted for exertional angina. Coronary angiogram revealed a severely calcific proximal circumflex lesion. Rotational atherectomy was performed with 1.5 and 1.75 burrs, obtaining a good angiographic result. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment revealed a large dissection parallel to the true lumen. We implanted a 3.0 mm × 38 mm Xience Prime® stent and postdilated it with a 3.0‐mm non‐compliant balloon. Final OCT pullback showed mild malapposed struts with large lumen area. 3D‐OCT reconstruction confirmed a large lumen after stent implantation.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial Separation of Covalent, Ionic, and Metallic Interactions in Mg11Rh18B8 and Mg3Rh5B3
Authors: Alekseeva Anastasia M. , Abakumov Artem M. , Leither‐Jasper Andreas , Schnelle Walter , Prots Yuri , Tendeloo Gustaaf Van , Antipov Eugene V. , Grin Yuri
Published: December 2013

The crystal structures of Mg11Rh18B8 and Mg3Rh5B3 have been investigated by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Mg11Rh18B8: space group P4/mbm; a=17.9949(7), c=2.9271(1) Å; Z=2. Mg3Rh5B3: space group Pmma; a=8.450(2), b=2.8644(6), c=11.602(2) Å; Z=2. Both crystal structures are characterized by trigonal prismatic coordination of the boron atoms by rhodium atoms. The [BRh6] trigonal prisms form arrangements with different connectivity patterns. Analysis of the chemical bonding by means of the electron‐localizability/electron‐density approach reveals covalent BRh interactions in these arrangements and the formation of BRh polyanions. The magnesium atoms that are located inside the polyanions interact ionically with their environment, whereas, in the structure parts, which are mainly formed by Mg and Rh atoms, multicenter (metallic) interactions are observed. Diamagnetic behavior and metallic electron transport of the Mg11Rh18B8 and Mg3Rh5B3 phases are in agreement with the bonding picture and the band structure.
Synthesis of Triple‐Layered Ag@Co@Ni Core–Shell Nanoparticles for the Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Qiu Fangyuan , Liu Guang , Li Li , Wang Ying , Xu Changchang , An Cuihua , Chen Chengcheng , Xu Yanan , Huang Yanan , Wang Yijing , Jiao Lifang , Yuan Huatang
Published: December 2013

Triple‐layered Ag@Co@Ni core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) containing a silver core, a cobalt inner shell, and a nickel outer shell were formed by an in situ chemical reduction method. The thickness of the double shells varied with different cobalt and nickel contents. Ag0.04@Co0.48@Ni0.48 showed the most distinct core–shell structure. Compared with its bimetallic core–shell counterparts, this catalyst showed higher catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of NH3BH3 (AB). The synergetic interaction between Co and Ni in Ag0.04@Co0.48@Ni0.48 NPs may play a critical role in the enhanced catalytic activity. Furthermore, cobalt–nickel double shells surrounding the silver core in the special triple‐layered core–shell structure provided increasing amounts of active sites on the surface to facilitate the catalytic reaction. These promising catalysts may lead to applications for AB in the field of fuel cells.
Hydroxymethylated Phyllobilins: A Puzzling New Feature of the Dioxobilin Branch of Chlorophyll Breakdown
Authors: Süssenbacher Iris , Christ Bastien , Hörtensteiner Stefan , Kräutler Bernhard
Published: December 2013

Colorless nonfluorescent chlorophyll (Chl) catabolites (NCCs) are formyloxobilin‐type phyllobilins, which are considered the typical products of Chl breakdown in senescent leaves. However, in degreened leaves of some plants, dioxobilin‐type Chl catabolites (DCCs) predominate, which lack the formyl group of the NCCs, and which arise from Chl catabolites by oxidative removal of the formyl group by a P450 enzyme. Here a structural investigation of the DCCs in the methylesterase16 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is reported. Eight new DCCs were identified and characterized structurally. Strikingly, three of these DCCs carry stereospecifically added hydroxymethyl groups, and represent bilin‐type linear tetrapyrroles with an unprecedented modification. Indeed, DCCs show a remarkable structural parallel, otherwise, to the bilins from heme breakdown.
Lactam‐Based HDAC Inhibitors for Anticancer Chemotherapy: Restoration of RUNX3 by Posttranslational Modification and Epigenetic Control
Authors: Cho Misun , Choi Eunhyun , Kim Jae Hyun , Kim Hwan , Kim Hwan Mook , Lee Jang Ik , Hwang Ki‐Chul , Kim Hyun‐Jung , Han Gyoonhee
Published: December 2013

Expression and stability of the tumor suppressor runt‐related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) are regulated by histone deacetylase (HDAC). HDAC inhibition alters epigenetic and posttranslational stability of RUNX3, leading to tumor suppression. However, HDAC inhibitors can nonselectively alter global gene expression through chromatin remodeling. Thus, lactam‐based HDAC inhibitors were screened to identify potent protein stabilizers that maintain RUNX3 stability by acetylation. RUNX activity and HDAC inhibition were determined for 111 lactam‐based analogues through a cell‐based RUNX activation and HDAC inhibition assay. 3‐[1‐(4‐Bromobenzyl)‐2‐oxo‐2,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐3‐yl]‐N‐hydroxypropanamide (11‐8) significantly increased RUNX3 acetylation and stability with relatively low RUNX3 mRNA expression and HDAC inhibitory activity. This compound showed significant antitumor effects, which were stronger than SAHA, in an MKN28 xenograft model. Thus, we propose a novel strategy, in which HDAC inhibitors serve as antitumor chemotherapeutic agents that selectively target epigenetic regulation and protein stability of RUNX3.
The end‐of‐life experience: Modifiable predictors of caregivers' bereavement adjustment
Authors: Garrido Melissa M. , Prigerson Holly G.
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUND

The objective of the current study was to determine the best set of predictors of psychological disorders, regrets, health‐related quality of life, and mental health function among bereaved caregivers of patients with cancer, thereby identifying promising targets for interventions to improve bereavement adjustment.

METHODS

Coping with Cancer is a longitudinal study of patients with advanced cancer and their informal caregivers who were enrolled from 2002 to 2008. The main outcome measure was bereavement adjustment of 245 caregivers (eg, depression, anxiety, and regrets) 6 months after the loss of the patient. The Structured Clinical Interview of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders determined whether caregivers met the criteria for major depressive disorder or an anxiety disorder. Changes in health‐related quality of life and mental health function from baseline to after the patient's death were assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF‐36).

RESULTS

Greater than 50% of the caregivers reported regret about the cancer patient's end‐of‐life care; better patient quality of death (adjusted odds ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.67‐0.88) reduced the risk of bereavement regret. The incidence of major depressive disorder or anxiety among the bereaved caregivers was 12.6% and was less likely for caregivers with better mental health before the loss of the patient (adjusted odds ratio, 0.03; 95% confidence interval, 0.004‐0.25). Better patient quality of death also predicted improved caregiver health‐related quality of life (adjusted standardized beta, .28; P < .001). The completion of a do‐not‐resuscitate order was found to be predictive of improved mental health from before the death of the patient to after the death (adjusted standardized beta, .29; P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Reducing caregiver distress, encouraging advance care planning by patients, and improving patients' quality of death appear to be promising targets of interventions to improve caregiver bereavement adjustment. Cancer 2014;120:918–925. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Head and brain response to blast using sagittal and transverse finite element models
Authors: Singh Dilaver , Cronin Duane S. , Haladuick Tyler N.
Published: November 2013

Mild traumatic brain injury caused by blast exposure from Improvised Explosive Devices has become increasingly prevalent in modern conflicts. To investigate head kinematics and brain tissue response in blast scenarios, two solid hexahedral blast‐head models were developed in the sagittal and transverse planes. The models were coupled to an Arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian model of the surrounding air to model blast‐head interaction, for three blast load cases (5 kg C4 at 3, 3.5 and 4 m). The models were validated using experimental kinematic data, where predicted accelerations were in good agreement with experimental tests, and intracranial pressure traces at four locations in the brain, where the models provided good predictions for frontal, temporal and parietal, but underpredicted pressures at the occipital location. Brain tissue response was investigated for the wide range of constitutive properties available. The models predicted relatively low peak principal brain tissue strains from 0.035 to 0.087; however, strain rates ranged from 225 to 571 s‐1. Importantly, these models have allowed us to quantify expected strains and strain rates experienced in brain tissue, which can be used to guide future material characterization. These computationally efficient and predictive models can be used to evaluate protection and mitigation strategies in future analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism of Intramolecular Photostabilization in Self‐Healing Cyanine Fluorophores
Authors: van der Velde Jasper H. M. , Ploetz Evelyn , Hiermaier Matthias , Oelerich Jens , de Vries Jan Willem , Roelfes Gerard , Cordes Thorben
Published: December 2013

Organic fluorophores, which are popular labels for microscopy applications, intrinsically suffer from transient and irreversible excursions to dark‐states. An alternative to adding photostabilizers at high concentrations to the imaging buffer relies on the direct linkage to the fluorophore. However, the working principles of this approach are not yet fully understood. In this contribution, we investigate the mechanism of intramolecular photostabilization in self‐healing cyanines, in which photodamage is automatically repaired. Experimental evidence is provided to demonstrate that a single photostabilizer, that is, the vitamin E derivative Trolox, efficiently heals the cyanine fluorophore Cy5 in the absence of any photostabilizers in solution. A plausible mechanism is that Trolox interacts with the fluorophore through intramolecular quenching of triplet‐related dark‐states, which is a mechanism that appears to be common for both triplet‐state quenchers (cyclooctatetraene) and redox‐active compounds (Trolox, ascorbic acid, methylviologen). Additionally, the influence of solution‐additives, such as cysteamine and procatechuic acid, on the self‐healing process are studied. The results suggest the potential applicability of self‐healing fluorophores in stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) with optical super‐resolution. The presented data contributes to an improved understanding of the mechanism involved in intramolecular photostabilization and has high relevance for the future development of self‐healing fluorophores, including their applications in various research fields.
Evaluation of Weak Interactions in [2]Pseudorotaxanes
Authors: Nikitin Kirill , Müller‐Bunz Helge , Muldoon Jimmy
Published: December 2013

Viologens readily thread bis‐p‐phenylene crown ethers to form [2]pseudorotaxanes. However, the binding of sterically hindered 3,3′‐dimethylviologens is very weak. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the additional energy cost of “flattening” is substantial, 55 kJ mol−1, and prevents the formation of a stable host–guest complex. The structures of [2]pseudorotaxanes determined by X‐ray crystallography are in good agreement with the NMR characterisation and DFT results. Their association constants and thermodynamic parameters in solution were measured by using a dilution method and, for the first time, by host–guest nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) correlations. The NOE approach was subsequently applied to study the sterically hindered analogues and it was shown that the binding in 3,3′‐dimethyl‐N,N‐dibenzyl [2]pseudorotaxane is by 8.5 kJ mol−1 weaker than in its regular analogue. The proposed technique helps to quantify weak interactions in [2]pseudorotaxanes and can be applied to other host‐guest complexes.
Community‐based traffic preservation in telecommunication networks
Authors: Torres‐Padrosa Víctor , Manzano Marc , Calle Eusebi , Marzo Josep L.
Published: December 2013

Large‐scale failures in telecommunication networks have been traditionally mitigated by attempting to preserve global connectivity in the network. However, although communication inside communities may be of high relevance, their preservation is a challenging task. To achieve this, we propose a new concept of community that combines not only the topological information of the network but also the traffic‐level interaction. This new concept is then used to present six novel community‐based strategies that, when working within a limited budget, are able to determine which are the best candidate nodes to protect. The strategies proposed have been tested over four different types of networks and have been compared with other well‐known immunization or protection methods. Results show that community‐based strategies better preserve the inner community traffic with respect to traditional approaches. Furthermore, in some cases, both global and intra‐community traffic preservation is able to be improved. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the security of a dynamic identity‐based remote user authentication scheme with verifiable password update
Authors: Liu Yongchun , Gong Peng , Yan Xiaopeng , Li Ping
Published: December 2013

Recently, Chang et al. [Chang Y, Tai W, Chang H. Untraceable dynamic identity‐based remote user authentication scheme with verifiable password update. International Journal of Communication Systems 2013; doi:10.1002/dac.2552] proposed a dynamic identity‐based remote user authentication scheme with verifiable password update. They also proved that their scheme could withstand various attacks. Unfortunately, by proposing concrete attacks, we show that their scheme is vulnerable to three kinds of attacks. We also point out that their scheme cannot provide untraceability. The analysis shows that the scheme of Chang et al. is not suitable for practical applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Complex Based on a CuII–Schiff‐Base Complex and POM‐MOF Chain: Synthesis, Structure and Proton Conductivity
Authors: Wei Mei‐Lin , Sun Jing‐Jing , Duan Xian‐Ying
Published: December 2013

A metal–Schiff‐base–POM‐MOF, {[Cu3(L)2(H2O)4] [Cu(dmf)4(SiW12O40)]·9H2O}n {L = N,N′‐bis[(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazine hydrate}, has been synthesized in situ from [SiW12O40]4–, Cu2+ and L in an H2O/dmf/CH3OH/CH3CN mixture at room temperature, and the product was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the title complex presents a 3D network constructed from CuII–Schiff‐base cations, 1D POM‐MOF chains and solvent water molecules. Its water vapour adsorption isotherm at room temperature and pressure shows that the water vapour adsorbed by the complex is 51.67 cm3 g–1 at the maximum allowable humidity, which corresponds to 7.1 water molecules per unit formula. In addition, it exhibits good proton conductivity (>10–4 S cm–1) at 100 °C in the relative humidity range 35–98 %. The corresponding activation energy (Ea) of conductivity was estimated to be 0.32 eV.
Dinuclear Species versus Zigzag or Helical Polymers in Palladium, Zinc, and Copper Complexes with Ditopic Bis(pyrazolyl)methane Ligands
Authors: Durá Gema , Carrión M. Carmen , Jalón Félix A. , Manzano Blanca R. , Rodríguez Ana M.
Published: December 2013

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Félix Jalón and Blanca Manzano at the University of Castilla‐La Mancha‐IRICA. With the cover image of a strange animal formed by the union of two scorpions, the authors simulate the structure and the coordination ability of a ligand that appears as the shadow of this animal. The claws of the animal are pyrazolyl rings, the binding sites of this ligand to metallic centers. The image also contains the metallic compounds used to generate dinuclear complexes or zigzag or helical polymers.
Synthesis of 2‐Phenyl‐ and 2,2‐Diarylpyrrolidines through Stevens Rearrangement Performed on Azetidinium Ions
Authors: Drouillat Bruno , d'Aboville Edouard , Bourdreux Flavien , Couty François
Published: December 2013

A set of azetidinium ions substituted at the nitrogen atom either by a benzyl group or a benzhydryl group were synthesized to delineate the scope of their ring expansion into 2‐phenyl‐ or 2,2‐diaryl‐pyrrolidines through a Stevens rearrangement. Whereas the regioselectivity of the rearrangement is very high, the diastereoselectivity is low when 2,3‐disubstituted pyrrolidines are produced, except in one case. The major undesirable side‐reaction is a Hofmann elimination leading to ring cleavage.
Hydrogen Generation by Hydrolysis of an Al/Al2O3‐Composite Powder After Heat Treatment
Authors: Huang Xiani , Chen Zhi , Gao Tong , Huang Qiaoli , Niu Feng , Qin Laishun , Huang Yuexiang
Published: December 2013

Hydrogen generation by reaction of aluminum (Al) with water is generally hindered by the presence of the dense oxide layer on its surface. Eliminating or activating the passive oxide layer is a key step for improving the hydrolysis reactivity of aluminum to generate hydrogen. In the present investigation, a gel‐coating method was used to prepare the precursor powder of a composite with alumina (Al/Al2O3) to clarify the effect of the Al2O3 additive on the hydrolysis of Al powder. The results showed that γ‐Al2O3 was formed after the heat treatment of the Al/Al2O3 composite precursor at 550 °C for 4 h, which results in the coating of Al particles with γ‐Al2O3 agglomerates. The XPS analysis of the heat‐treated Al particles indicated that the initial dense oxide layer covered on the surface of Al particles transformed into a loose γ‐Al2O3 layer that increased the hydrolysis reactivity of the Al powder. The Al2O3 additive coated on the surface of the Al particles was found to lower the hydrolysis reactivity of the Al particles. It was concluded that the heat treatment rather than the addition of the γ‐Al2O3 additive is the predominant factor in determining the hydrolysis reactivity of the Al particles. However, it was observed that coating the Al particles with Al2O3 did hinder the degradation of the Al hydrolysis reactivity upon exposure in air for several days.
Emotional Eating Moderates the Relationship of Night Eating with Binge Eating and Body Mass
Authors: Meule Adrian , Allison Kelly C. , Platte Petra
Published: December 2013

Night eating syndrome is marked by substantial evening or nocturnal food intake, insomnia, morning anorexia, and depressed mood. Night eating severity has been positively associated with body mass index (BMI), binge eating frequency, and emotional eating tendencies. We conducted an online questionnaire study among students (N = 729) and explored possible interactive effects between those variables. Night eating severity, binge eating frequency, BMI and emotional eating were all positively correlated with each other. Regression analyses showed that night eating severity was particularly related to more frequent binge episodes and higher BMI at high levels of emotional eating but unrelated to those variables at low levels of emotional eating. Thus, eating as a means of emotion regulation appears to be an important moderator of the relationship between night eating and both binge eating and BMI. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Space–time block code design for LTE‐advanced systems
Authors: Pham Van‐Bien
Published: November 2013

The number of time slot (or symbols per slot in 3rd Generation Partnership Project language) in the long‐term evolution frame structure for data transmission is not guaranteed to be an even number, so the Alamouti orthogonal space–time block code (STBC) can not be applied. Recently, Lei et al. (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2011) introduced a quasi‐orthogonal space time block code (QOSTBC) for two transmit antennas and three time slots (which is named as L‐QOSTBC in this paper). This code achieves two desirable properties as full rate and full diversity. However, the main disadvantage of the L‐QOSTBC is high decoding complexity due to pair‐symbol maximum likelihood decoding. In this paper, we propose a novel three‐time‐slot STBC (TTS‐STBC) for two transmit antennas. The proposed TTS‐STBC can achieve full‐rate full‐diversity transmission with single‐symbol maximum likelihood decoding. In comparison to L‐QOSTBC, the proposed TTS‐STBC has lower decoding complexity and higher coding gain. In addition, a new decoding strategy for the proposed TTS‐STBC that named as single‐symbol quasi‐maximum likelihood is also developed to overcome the performance degradation caused by time‐varying fading channels. Simulation results show that the proposed TTS‐STBC outperforms the L‐QOSTBC in both quasi‐static and time‐varying fading channels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electromagnetic energy harvesting—global information database
Authors: Guenda Ludimar , Santana Emanuel , Collado Ana , Niotaki Kyriaki , Carvalho Nuno Borges , Georgiadis Apostolos
Published: November 2013

Electromagnetic energy harvesting is one of the most promising technologies for the future of autonomous electronic gadgets and also for making possible the globalisation of the Internet of things concept and consequently smart cities. In order to obtain an optimum dimensioning of the energy requirements in environments where a large quantity of sensors and devices are spread, it is necessary to have a priori knowledge of the amount of energy that is available from existing electromagnetic sources in the surrounding environment. This article presents a geo‐referenced database that can be used to gather information about electromagnetic energy availability around the world. The paper describes the information system architecture that is behind the database structure and the two methods that can be used to gather the electromagnetic information: one based on typical radiofrequency instrumentation and the other one based on the use of smart phones. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nematodes in the periphyton of lakes: Variations in diversity, species composition, age structure, and sex ratio
Authors: Schroeder Fabian , Peters Lars , Traunspurger Walter
Published: December 2013

Temporal fluctuations in the diversity, sex ratio, age, and species composition of free‐living nematodes inhabiting the periphyton of stony hard‐substrates were determined in three Swedish lakes differing in trophic state. Over a two‐year sampling period, different temporal patterns were observed. In the oligotrophic lake, nematode diversity showed moderate fluctuations and peaked in early summer. Diversity in meso‐ and eutrophic lakes showed the opposite pattern. Species composition changed along seasons, enabling to identify typical early and late season assemblages. This succession was linked to different reproduction periods of dominant species. The age structure and sex ratio of periphytic nematode communities varied both temporally and between lakes according to species traits. As an example, the male/female ratio increased with increasing lake trophic state. This trend reflects the decrease of partenogenetically reproducing species with increasing lake trophic state, and may be further considered as an indicator of lake trophic state.
Becoming Academically Literate
Authors: Park Jie Y.
Published: December 2013

Although immigrant youth make up more than 20 percent of school‐age children in the U.S., little is known about how they manage school assignments and texts. In this paper the author presents Tara (pseudonym) as a telling case of a first‐generation immigrant youth who is encountering and grappling with academic literacy—defined as not only the knowledge of how texts are written and interpreted, but also the capacity to manage the school‐based reading and writing tasks. In constructing the case, the author drew on interview and ethnographic observation data, as well as samples of Tara's school writing. In the findings, the author illustrates how Tara makes sense of her life and education in the U.S., and how she responds to academic texts and discourses. The paper concludes with several pedagogical ideas for supporting students of diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds to develop more powerful academic literacies.
“You're Wearing Kurt's Necklace!”
Authors: Falter Michelle M.
Published: December 2013

Adolescents often bring popular culture into school, but often these literacies are not embraced or taught in the English classroom. The author makes the case for usingGleein the classroom by demonstrating its persuasive power to disrupt heteronormative notions of gender and sexuality with teens. The author uses a feminist rhetorical analysis, rooted in Judith Butler's notions of gender performativity, and parody as a subversive tool, to closely examine the characters, actions, and dialogue in oneLGBT‐themedGleeepisode. The article concludes with implications for teachers,LGBTyouth, and non‐LGBTyouth and offers recommendations for usingGleeto discuss bullying, stereotyping, and marginalization through media literacy practices. As people become more accepting of marginalized groups, the article asserts that schools need to mirror those changes within classroom walls.
Print‐Based Texts
Authors: Blasingame James
Published: December 2013

This column provides reviews of adolescent and adult literature and provides a valuable resource for literature selection in‐ and outside the classroom.
On the Structure of Semiovals of Small Size
Authors: Bartoli Daniele
Published: December 2013

The classification of all semiovals and blocking semiovals in PG(2, 8) is determined. Also, new theoretical results on the structure of semiovals containing a‐secant and some nonexistence results are presented.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel 1,2,4‐Triazole Derivatives Containing 1,2,3‐Thiadiazole Moiety
Authors: Tan Cheng‐Xia , Shi Yan‐Xia , Weng Jian‐Quan , Liu Xing‐Hai , Zhao Wei‐Guang , Li Bao‐Ju
Published: December 2013

Starting from carbonic acid diethyl ester, a series of 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives containing 1,2,3‐thiadiazole were synthesized. Reactions were performed by microwave irradiation or ultrasonic irradiation as well as by conventional heating. The structure of title compounds was characterized by 1H‐NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. The fungicidal activities of these compounds were tested in vivo. Most of title compounds exhibited good antifungal activity against Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Some of title compounds displayed moderate antifungal activities against Fusarium oxysporum, Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Sphaerotheca fuligenea, Corynespora cassiicola, and Xanthomonas axonopodis.
Diffusion and perfusion MRI prediction of progression‐free survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kim Kyung Ah , Park Mi‐Suk , Ji Hyun‐Jun , Park Jun Yong , Han Kwang‐Hyub , Kim Myeong‐Jin , Kim Ki Whang
Published: December 2013

Purpose

To assess whether MR perfusion and diffusion parameters taken before concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) are useful imaging biomarkers for predicting progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Materials and Methods

Twenty patients with locally advanced HCC who had no treatment before CCRT underwent dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) and diffusion‐weighted MRI. Mean values of the volume transfer constant (Ktrans), reflex constant (Kep), extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were estimated on a region of interest. The best cutoff value for each factor was assessed to differentiate between patients who had PFS shorter or longer than the median PFS. Patients were dichotomized in terms of the cutoff value. The survival outcome of the two groups and the predictive ability of each factor on PFS were evaluated.

Results

Median time to PFS was 179 days. The best cutoff values for ADC, Ktrans, Kep, and Ve was 1.008 × 10−3 mm2 s−1, 0.108 min−1, 0.570 min−1, and 0.298%. Patients with higher ADC had significantly longer PFS than those with lower ADC(P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

The ADC of HCC acquired before CCRT correlated with PFS and was valuable in the prediction of the clinical outcome of HCC treated with CCRT. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:286–292. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of hydrophilic and lipophilic statins with hyaluronic acid against LPS‐induced inflammation in porcine articular chondrocytes
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hung , Hsu Yuan‐Ming , Chen Yu‐Chun , Lin Feng‐Huei , Sadhasivam Subramaniam , Loo Siow‐Tung , Savitha Sivasubramanian
Published: December 2013

The objective of the study is to understand the therapeutic effects of lipophilic (simvastatin) and hydrophilic statins (pravastatin) combined with/without hyaluronic acid for osteoarthritis by an in vitro LPS‐induced inflammatory model of articular chondrocytes. HA in combination with different doses of simvastatin or pravastatin were used. Beside cytotoxicity, the influence of statins on NO production, pro‐inflammatory cytokine, inflammatory mediators, and NF‐κB p50 protein were analyzed. Finally, TUNEL assay was performed to detect DNA strand breakage. Two statins were less able to lower NF‐κB activity when they were administrated along without HA. The gene expression demonstrates that simvastatin and pravastatin had the ability to decrease pro‐inflammatory and inflammatory mediator levels. High dose simvastatin with or without HA down regulated inflammatory cytokines, but resulted in higher cytotoxicity. TUNEL assay confirms the regulatory effect of statins with or without HA over the apoptosis of chondrocytes, especially in hydrophilic statins. The significant down‐regulation of inflammatory mediators suggests that intra‐articular injection of HA in combination with statins might feasibly slow the progress of osteoarthritis. Administration of simvastatin or pravastatin with hyaluronic acid may produce beneficial effects for OA treatment, but with better results when hydrophilic statin was used. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:557–565, 2014.
Factors associated with early recurrence and death after esophagectomy for cancer
Authors: Davies Andrew R. , Pillai Andrew , Sinha Pranab , Sandhu Harinderjeet , Adeniran Amina , Mattsson Fredrik , Choudhury Asif , Forshaw Matthew J. , Gossage James A. , Lagergren Jesper , Allum William H. , Mason Robert C.
Published: December 2013

Background

Accurate selection of patients for radical treatment of esophageal cancer is essential to avoid early recurrence and death (ERD) after surgery. We sought to evaluate a large series of consecutive resections to assess factors that may be associated with this poor outcome.

Methods

This was a cohort study including 680 patients operated for esophageal cancer between 2000 and 2010. The poor outcome group comprised 100 patients with tumor recurrence and death within 1 year of surgery. The comparison group comprised 267 long‐term survivors, defined as those surviving more than 3 years from surgery. Pathological characteristics associated with poor outcome were analyzed using logistic regression to determine odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

On the adjusted model T stage and N stage predicted poor survival, with the greatest risk being patients with locally advanced tumors and three or more involved lymph nodes (OR 10.6, 95% CI 2.8–40.0). Poor differentiation (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4–5.5), chemotherapy response (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2–10.6), and involved resection margins (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.0) were all significant independent prognostic markers in the multivariable model. There was a trend toward worse survival with lymphovascular invasion (OR 2.0, 95% CI 0.9–4.2) and low albumin (OR 1.9, 95% CI 0.8–4.4) but not of statistical significance in the adjusted model.

Conclusions

Esophageal cancer patients with poorly differentiated tumors and three or more involved lymph nodes have a particularly high risk of ERD after surgery. Accurate risk stratification of patients may identify a group who would be better served by alternative oncological treatment strategies. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:459–464. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preoperative transarterial chemoembolization and resection for hepatocellular carcinoma: A nationwide Taiwan database analysis of long‐term outcome predictors
Authors: Shi Hon‐Yi , Wang Shen‐Nien , Wang Shih Chin , Chuang Shih‐Chang , Chen Chun‐Min , Lee King‐Teh
Published: November 2013

Background

To explore long‐term predictors of outcome after TACE and resection in a population of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

A total of 648 had received TACE before liver resection (TACE group) while 10,431 patients had received liver resection without TACE (LR group). Propensity scores were calculated by entering the patient data into a logistic regression model for predicting HCC outcomes.

Results

Compared to the LR group, the TACE group did not significantly differ in disease‐free survival (DFS) (median, 17 months in the TACE group vs. 13 months in the LR group; P = 0.410) and overall‐survival (OS) (median, 56 months in the TACE group vs. 54 months in the LR group; P = 0.777). The TACE group also showed that gender, liver cirrhosis, CCI score, hospital volume, and surgeon volume were independently associated with DFS while gender, CCI score and hospital level were independently associated with DFS/OS.

Conclusions

This population‐based cohort study provides compelling evidence that preoperative TACE does not significantly reduce DFS or OS in patients with resectable HCC. Moreover, long‐term outcomes for these procedures are significantly associated with patient characteristics and hospital characteristics. Medical professionals and health care providers should carefully evaluate candidates for preoperative TACE in patients with resectable HCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:487–493. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel On‐Demand Bioadhesion to Soft Tissue in Wet Environments
Authors: Mogal Vishal , Papper Vladislav , Chaurasia Alok , Feng Gao , Marks Robert , Steele Terry
Published: December 2013

Current methods of tissue fixation rely on mechanical‐related technologies developed from the clothing and carpentry industries. Herein, a novel bioadhesive method that allows tuneable adhesion and is also applicable to biodegradable polyester substrates is described. Diazirine is the key functional group that allows strong soft tissue crosslinking and on‐demand adhesion based on a free radical mechanism. Plasma post‐irradiation grafting makes it possible to graft diazirine onto PLGA substrates. When the diazirine‐PLGA films, placed on wetted ex vivo swine aortas, are activated with low intensity UV light, lap shear strength of up to 450 ± 50 mN cm−2 is observed, which is one order of magnitude higher than hydrogel bioadhesives placed on similar soft tissues. The diazirine‐modified PLGA thin films could be added on top of previously developed technologies for minimally invasive surgeries. The present work is focused on the chemistry, grafting, and lap shear strength of the alkyl diazirine‐modified PLGA bioadhesive films.
Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on the Loading and Release of Model Drugs from Polyurethane Films: Comparison with Solvent Casting
Authors: Zhang Jing , Martin Darren J. , Taran Elena , Thurecht Kristofer J. , Minchin Rodney F.
Published: December 2013

Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) are widely used in biomedical applications because of their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, their role as possible matrices for drug delivery has received little attention. In this study, the loading and release of model drugs from different TPUs using supercritical CO2 (scCO2) as an inert and convenient solvent are investigated. The effects of scCO2 treatment on the physical properties of ElastEon TPU films are assessed. The results indicate subtle effects on the microphase morphology of the TPU without significant changes in its mechanical properties. Model drugs (rhodamine B, fluorescein, and 7‐hydroxycoumain) are readily loaded into the films and show homogeneous impregnation across the thickness of the film. The loading capacity under the conditions used in the present study varies from less than 1% for rhodamine B to approximately 4% for 7‐hydroxycoumarin. The release kinetics not only vary between the different drugs, but are also altered by changes in the composition of the hard and soft segments of the TPUs. These results demonstrate the potential of scCO2 treatment in preparing drug‐loaded poly­urethanes used in medical devices. This information may be helpful in designing TPUs with different drug‐release profiles for a variety of disease treatments.

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Highly Transparent and Robust Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Membrane Prepared by Biaxial Melt‐Drawing
Authors: Uehara Hiroki , Arase Yuuki , Suzuki Ken , Yukawa Yasumasa , Higuchi Yoshiaki , Matsuoka Yasuhiko , Yamanobe Takeshi
Published: December 2013

Biaxial melt‐drawing produces a high‐performance poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) membrane with excellent mechanical properties and superior transparency. Unique two‐step molding gives the better adhesion between the PTFE powder materials even with ultra‐high molecular weight of 107. Such void‐free film can be successfully biaxially drawn in the molten state. The resultant membrane exhibits high tensile strength of 120MPa and high transparency of 8.5% haze.