bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Syntheses of Perfluoroalkylporphyrins. Electron Deficient Porphyrins. Part 2.
Authors: AOYAGI K. , TOI H. , AOYAMA Y. , OGOSHI H.
Published: May 2016

The perfluoroalkylvinyl methyl ketones (I) react with the isonitrile "TosMIC" (II) to give the 3‐acetylpyrroles (III) which are reduced, yielding the 3‐ethylpyrroles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cleavage of 1,2‐Glycols and α‐Hydroxy Ketones with the Jones Reagent.
Authors: DE A. EPIFANIO R. , CAMARGO W. , PINTO A. C.
Published: May 2016

Various vicinal diols such as the terpenoid derivatives (I) are cleaved upon Jones oxidation, yielding keto carboxylic acids such as (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiomerically Pure 7‐Oxabicyclo(2.2.1)hept‐5‐en‐2‐yl Derivatives (“Naked Sugars”) as Synthetic Intermediates. Part 4. Total Synthesis of L‐Allose, L‐Talose, and Derivatives.
Authors: AUBERSON Y. , VOGEL P.
Published: May 2016

The ketone (+)‐(I), derived from furan and 1‐cyanovinyl (1S)‐camphanate, is transformed with high stereoselectivity into L‐talose (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Application of Alkyl Dihaloacetates. Chain Extension with an α‐Keto Ester Unit of Carbohydrates.
Authors: COUTROT P. , GRISON C. , TABYAOUI M. , CZERNECKI S. , VALERY J.‐M.
Published: May 2016

The protected hexodialdo‐1,5‐pyranose (I) is coupled with the dihaloacetates (II) to give predominantly the halo epoxides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pheromones. Part 4. Chemistry of the Wittig Reaction. Part 1. Effects of Reaction Conditions on the Stereoselectivity and Yield of the Wittig Reaction.
Authors: VINCZER P. , JUVANCZ Z. , NOVAK L. , SZANTAY C.
Published: May 2016

The Wittig reaction of nonstabilized triphenylphosphonium ylides with aldehydes is studied in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: The Magnetic Structure of the Jarlite‐Type 1D Ferrimagnet Ba7CuFe6F34.
Authors: RENAUDIN J. , FEREY G. , DRILLON M. , DE KOZAK A. , SAMOUEL M.
Published: May 2016

The magnetic structure of the title compound (space group C2/m; TC = 8 K) is solved at 4 K by neutron powder diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Ba2YCu3O7‐δ Superconductor Through Organometallic Route
Authors: HIRANO S. , HAYASHI T. , MIURA M. , TOMONAGA H.
Published: May 2016

in a relatively low temp. range is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Evidence for Cyclic Azaphosphiridine Oxide Intermediates in the Methoxide‐Induced Rearrangements of N‐Alkyl α‐Chlorophosphonamidates: Formation of Phosphoramidates as Well as α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: HARGER M. J. P. , WILLIAMS A.
Published: May 2016

The α‐chlorophosphonamidates (I) react with the ammonium methoxide (II) to give two types of rearrangement products, the phosphoramidates (III) and the α‐amino phosphonates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Laser‐Induced Dehydrochlorination of 1,2‐Dichloropropane.
Authors: OUCHI A. , NIINO H.
Published: May 2016

Dehydrochlorination of 1,2‐dichloropropane (I) according to A) is found to be considerably accelerated compared to B).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxylation of Benzene with Ascorbic Acid and O2 Using Silica Gel Supported Phenazine Methosulfate as a Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: TAMAGAKI S. , SASAKI M. , TAGAKI W.
Published: May 2016

The hydroxylation of benzene to give phenol is carried out with a modified catalytic system which consists of ascorbic acid/O2/phenazine methosulfate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photochemistry of Some New Pentacycloundecan‐8‐ones. Probes for Hydrogen Abstraction in the π‐Plane.
Authors: SAUERS R. R. , SCIMONE A. , SHAMS H.
Published: May 2016

The pentacycloundecane dione (I) is converted to the methylene derivative (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Trifluoromethylindans; Cycloalkylation of β‐Phenyl Trifluoromethyl Ketones, β‐Keto Esters, and Alcohols.
Authors: AUBERT C. , BEGUE J.‐P. , BONNET‐DELPON D. , MESUREUR D.
Published: May 2016

The Friedel‐Crafts cyclization is shown to offer a route to highly functionalized trifluoromethylindans and ‐tetralins such as (II), (III), (V) and (VII); however, no seven‐membered ring compounds can be prepared by this method.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylic Organoboranes. Part 11. A Highly Stereospecific and Regiospecific Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes via Organoboranes.
Authors: BROWN H. C. , BHAT N. G.
Published: May 2016

Addition of the organolithium reagents (II) to the trans‐alkenyldioxaborinanes (I) yields regio‐ and stereoselectively the trisubstituted alkenes (III) with R1 and R2 in cis‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Acylpyrroles via α‐(Dimethylamino)‐α‐pyrrolylacetonitriles.
Authors: BRAY B. L. , MUCHOWSKI J. M.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of acylpyrroles such as (VII) starts with the Vilsmeier‐Haack reaction of pyrroles such as the N‐silyl compound (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Mercuric Dehydrogenations of N‐Tertiary Piperidine Derivatives with Different Substitution Pattern.
Authors: MOEHRLE H. + , CLAAS M.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of several piperidines such as (I), (III), and (VI), respectively, with the Hg(II)‐EDTA complex gives the enamines (II), (IV), or (V), together with further oxidation products such as (VII) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: 7‐Acyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐ones and Normolipemic Properties.
Authors: MOUSSAVI Z. , LESIEUR D. , LESPAGNOL C. , SAUZIERES J. , OLIVIER P.
Published: May 2016

Twenty‐nine title compounds of type (IV) and (VI), having different substituents at C‐2, N‐4, C‐9 and C‐11, are prepared by the procedure outlined in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Fragrant Spiro(4.5)decane Sesquiterpene (‐)‐β‐Vetivone via an Enantiomerically Pure Vinylic Sulfoxide.
Authors: POSNER G. H. , HAMILL T. G.
Published: May 2016

The asymmetric total synthesis of (‐)‐β‐vetivone (VI) starts with the enantioselective addition reaction of methyltitanium triisopropoxide, derived from tris(isopropoxy)titanium chloride and methyl iodide (II), to the optically pure pentenolide sulfoxide (I), yielding predominantly the isomer (R)‐(III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 5,5,6‐Trimethylbicyclo(2.2.1)heptan‐2‐one with Acetonitrile and Sulfuric Acid and NMR Spectra of the Reaction Products.
Authors: KOZLOV N. G. , POPOVA L. A. , BIBA V. I. , POTKINA T. N. , KORSHUK E. F.
Published: May 2016

Isocamphone (I) is coupled with acetonitrile (II) in the presence of sulfuric acid to give the geminal bis(acetylamino) derivative (III) or the sulfonate (VI) depending on the reaction temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,7‐Dideaza‐2′‐deoxyadenosine and Related Pyrrolo(3,2‐c)pyridine 2′‐Deoxyribo‐ and 2′,3′‐Dideoxyribonucleosides.
Authors: SEELA F. , BOURGEOIS W.
Published: May 2016

Glycosylation of the dichloropyrrolopyridine (I) with the halogenose (II) followed by deprotection yields the dichloronucleoside (IV) which is converted to several derivatives, e.g. (XIII), as outlined in the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Racemic Carbapenems with a 6β‐Methyl Group.
Authors: SATOH H. , TSUJI T.
Published: May 2016

The α‐diazo ester (XIII), prepared as outlined in the reaction scheme, undergoes Rh(II)‐catalyzed intramolecular cyclization to form the bicyclic keto esters (XIV).
ChemInform Abstract: Two Stage Diffusion Profiles of Cobalt in Niobium: Evidence for the Dissociative Mechanism.
Authors: WENWER F. , STOLWIJK N. A. , MEHRER H.
Published: May 2016

As result of diffusion studies of Co in Nb between 1422 and 1561 K, using the radiotracer method combined with serial sectioning, two‐stage penetration profiles are observed in agreement with predictions from the dissociative model (interstitial(Coi)‐substitutional(Cos) diffusion via vacancies (V): Coi + V ⇌ Cos).
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfato Complexes of Ruthenium with a Ruthenium‐Ruthenium Bond.
Authors: ZHILYAEV A. N. , FOMINA T. A. , KUZ'MENKO I. V. , ROTOV A. V. , BARANOVSKII I. B.
Published: May 2016

The ruthenium complexes (IV) are prepared as shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Dipole‐Stabilized Anions: Experimental and Theory in Benzylic and Allylic Systems. Stereoselective Deprotonations, Pyramidal Inversions, and Stereoselective Alkylations of Lithiated (Tetrahydroisoquinolyl)oxazolines.
Authors: REIN K. , GOICOECHEA‐PAPPAS M. , ANKLEKAR T. V. , HART G. C. , SMITH G. A. , GAWLEY R. E.
Published: May 2016

Seven ethoxyoxazolines such as (II) are prepared from chiral sources via the oxazolidones which are O‐ethylated with Et3O+BF4‐.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Addition and Substitution Reactions Between the Cyanide Ion and Cyclopentadienyliron Complexes of Chlorobenzenes. Syntheses of Benzonitriles and Phthalonitriles.
Authors: SUTHERLAND R. G. , ZHANG C.‐H. , PIORKO A. , LEE C. C.
Published: May 2016

The formation of the products (III), (IV) and (V) indicates the following processes for the title reaction, represented in the scheme by (I) + (II).
ChemInform Abstract: syn‐anti Selectivity of cis‐3,4‐Disubstituted Cyclobutenes. Part 2. New Cycloadditions with Dichlorobutene and an Interpretation in Terms of Vicinal Interactions in Transition Structures.
Authors: LANDEN H. , MARGRAF B. , MARTIN H.‐D.
Published: May 2016

The dichlorocyclobutene (I) is subjected to 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction with the diazoalkanes (II) or (IV), yielding exclusively the syn‐adducts (III) or (V) and (VIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)‐Promoted Carbocyclization of Aminodeoxyhex‐5‐enopyranosides.
Authors: ADAM S.
Published: May 2016

The reaction mentioned in the title converts the pyranosides (I) to the cyclohexanone derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4,4‐Disubstituted Cyclohexenones. Part 1. Baeyer‐Villiger Fragmentation of 1‐Methoxybicyclo(2.2.2)oct‐5‐enones.
Authors: HOLMES A. B. , MADGE N. C.
Published: May 2016

Fragmentation of the bicyclic compounds (III) and (VII) according to the reaction conditions shown gives the desired 4,4‐disubstituted cyclohexenones, a type of compound which plays an important role in the synthesis of many natural products.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Resolution of endo‐Bicyclo(2.2.1)hept‐2‐yl Butyrates and Related Compounds: Steric Requirements in the Bridge‐Region.
Authors: KOENIGSBERGER K. + , FABER K. , MARSCHNER CH. , PENN G. , BAUMGARTNER P. , GRIENGL H.
Published: May 2016

Enzymatic hydrolysis of the compounds (I) and (III) proceeds stereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Flash‐Vacuum Pyrolysis of 1,2,4‐Triazolides: A New Synthesis of Functionalized Oxazoles.
Authors: MAQUESTIAU A. , FLAMMANG R. , ABDELOUAHAB F.‐B. B.
Published: May 2016

Acylation of the 1,2,4‐triazoles (I) with the acid chlorides (II) yields the 1‐acyl‐1,2,4‐triazoles (III) which are pyrolyzed to give the 5‐substituted oxazoles (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: (4 + 2)Type Cycloaddition of Chromones with α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones Mediated by tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl Triflate: One‐Pot Preparation of Xanthone Derivatives.
Authors: LEE Y.‐G. , IWASAKI H. , YAMAMOTO Y. , OHKATA K. , AKIBA K.
Published: May 2016

The chromones (I) react with tert‐butyldimethylsilyl triflate (II) to give the siloxybenzopyrylium triflates (III) which undergo base‐promoted cyclocondensation with the vinyl ketones (IV) to produce the tetrahydroxanthones (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Preparation of 2‐Methyl‐1‐(2‐oxoalkyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: HASHIGAKI K. , ISHIKAWA S. , WAN W. , YAMOTO M.
Published: May 2016

Nucleophilic addition reaction of ethanol (II) with 2‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolinium bromide (I) yields 1‐ethoxy‐2‐methyltetrahydroisoquinoline (III) which reacts with the ketones (IV), forming the compounds (V) mentioned in the title.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition of Electrophilic Radicals to Caffeine: Synthetic Aspects and Influence of the Peroxidic Initiators.
Authors: ZYLBER J. , OUAZZANI‐CHAHDI L. , LEFORT D. , CHIARONI A. , RICHE C.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of caffeine (I) with prim. and sec. carbomethoxyalkyl radicals, generated via thermolysis of an excess of (tBu‐O)2 as initiator, gives C‐8 adducts such as (III) in fairly good yields; lower yields and the formation of by‐products are usually observed if the radicals are produced photochemically.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazines from Diphenyl Cyanocarbonimidate. Facile Replacement of the N‐Cyanoimine Function by Nitrogen Nucleophiles.
Authors: GARRATT P. J. , HOBBS C. J. , WRIGGLESWORTH R.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the one‐carbon synthon (II) with the amino alcohol (I) does not occur, as expected, only at the amino group but gives the bicyclic ring system (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Cyclophanes from Pyrazinedicarbonitriles.
Authors: RIED W. , TSIOTIS G.
Published: May 2016

The dicarbonitriles (I) react with ammonium azide, generated in situ from NaN3 (II), to give the bis(tetrazolyl)pyrazines (III) which are alkylated with α,ω‐dibromoalkanes (IV), forming the azacyclophanes (V) in low yields.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Azetidinones: Reaction of Diethyl Ketomalonate with α‐Silyl Carbanions.
Authors: GUERTLER S. + , OTTO H.‐H.
Published: May 2016

The diaryl β‐lactams (I) react with the ketomalonate (IV) after silylation to yield the silylated bislactams (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Class of Silicon‐Phosphorus Heterocycles: 4‐Silaphosphorinanes.
Authors: HACKNEY M. L. J. , HALTIWANGER R. C. , BRANDT P. F. , NORMAN A. D.
Published: May 2016

The vinylsilanes (I) and (V) react with the silylphosphine (II) via radical intermediates to give the cyclic silicon‐phosphorus compounds (III) or (VI) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Modelling the Photosynthetic Water Oxidation Center. Preparation and Properties of Tetranuclear Manganese Complexes Containing (Mn4O2)6+,7+,8+ Cores and the Crystal Structures of Mn4O2(O2CMe)6(bipy)2 and (Mn4O2(O2CMe)7(bipy)2)(ClO4).
Authors: VINCENT J. B. , CHRISTMAS C. , CHANG H.‐R. , LI Q. , BOYD P. D. W. , HUFFMAN J. C. , HENDRICKSON D. N. , CHRISTOU G.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the trinuclear Mn complexes (I), (IV), and (VI) containing Mn3O core with chelating 2,2'‐bipyridyl (II) allows high‐yield access into a new class of tetranuclear Mn complexes (III), (V), and (VII) containing Mn4O2 core.
ChemInform Abstract: Monoterpenoids. Part 7. A Simple Synthesis of (‐)‐cis‐Caronaldehydic Acid Hemiacetal from (+)‐Car‐3‐ene.
Authors: BAKSHI D. , MAHINDROO V. K. , SOMAN R. , DEV S.
Published: May 2016

The enol‐lactone (V), obtained via two routes from (+)‐car‐3‐ene (I), is used for the construction of the title compound (VI) and the dimethylacetal (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of 1‐Oxacephalosporins. Part 2. Synthesis and Reactions of Oxazolinoazetidinones Bearing a γ,γ′‐bis‐Oxygen‐Functionalized β‐Methylbutenoate Side Chain.
Authors: HOPPE D. , SCHMINCKE H. , KLEEMANN H.‐W.
Published: May 2016

Even though the methylthio group can be successfully removed from substrates of type (I) (cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystallography of Sodium Titanium Bronze.
Authors: BAMBERGER C. E.
Published: May 2016

Sodium titanium bronzes, NaxTiO2 with x = 0.22, 0.188, and 0.25, are prepared from Na2Ti3O7 (or Na2CO3 and TiO2) and TiO2 by using TiN as reductant instead of metallic Ti (1000 °C, 16 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Trialkylboranes with Alkylamines: Synthesis of Dialkylamines.
Authors: KABALKA G. W. , WANG Z.
Published: May 2016

Trialkylboranes react with alkylamines in the presence of sodium hypochlorite to form dialkylamines such as (III) (table; 12 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Antitumor Agents. Part 57. 2‐Phenylquinoline‐8‐carboxamides as “Minimal” DNA‐Intercalating Antitumor Agents with in vivo Solid Tumor Activity.
Authors: ATWELL G. J. , BAGULEY B. C. , DENNY W. A.
Published: May 2016

Cyclocondensation of the acetophenones (Ia) ‐ (Ic) or the 3‐pyridyl analogue (Id) with the isatin (II) gives the quinoline derivatives (III) which are decarboxylated and subsequently oxidized, forming the quinolinecarboxylic acids (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Chemistry at High Pressures. Part 8. The Reaction Between a Phosphole and Diphenylketene at High Pressure: An Unexpected Outcome.
Authors: ISAACS N. S. , EL‐DIN G. N. , DREW M. G. B.
Published: May 2016

The reaction between the phosphole (II) and diphenylketene (IV) under high pressures does not afford the expected cycloadduct (I) but the unusual spiro product (III) (discussion of a possible formation mechanism).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of the endo‐ and exo‐Tricarbonylchromium Isomers of Dibenzobicyclo(2.2.2)octadiene and Its 2,6‐Dimethyl Derivative: X‐Ray Crystallographic Studies.
Authors: TRAYLOR T. G. , GOLDBERG M. J. , MIKSZTAL A. R. , STROUSE C. E.
Published: May 2016

The preparation of the title compounds has been described already.
ChemInform Abstract: ((Cp(CO)2Mn)2(μ‐H))‐, a New Versatile Reagent.
Authors: PLOESSL K. + , HUTTNER G. , ZSOLNAI L.
Published: May 2016

The title anion, prepared as its Na salt (IV), shows a hydride bridged Mn‐Mn bond as confirmed by an X‐ray structure analysis (space group C2/c, Z=4).
ChemInform Abstract: Temperature Dependence of the Oxidative Addition of Triethylsilane to Photochemically Generated (η5‐C5Cl5)Mn(CO)2.
Authors: YOUNG K. M. , WRIGHTON M. S.
Published: May 2016

UV‐irradiation of (I) leads to the loss of CO to form the 16e dicarbonyl title species, which in neat triethylsilane thermally reacts to give the product (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Cyclopalladated Compounds. Part 19. Regioselective Formation of η3‐Allylic Ligands via the Reaction of Alkynes with Cyclic ((Pd(CH(SiMe3)C6H4NMe2‐2)(μ‐Cl))2).
Authors: MAASSARANI F. , PFEFFER M. , VAN KOTEN G.
Published: May 2016

The reactions of the cyclopalladated complex (III) with alkynes (IV), substituted with at least one electron‐withdrawing group, lead to the regioselective formation of the η3‐allylic complexes (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Protecting Group for the Sulfhydryl Function of Cysteine.
Authors: SCHROLL A. L. , BARANY G.
Published: May 2016

The thiocarbamoylsulfenylcysteine (IV) and the related methoxycarbonylsulfenyl derivative (VIII) are prepared as shown in the reaction scheme and stored in the form of their dicyclohexylammonium salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Selenium‐Mediated Glycosidations: A Selective Synthesis of β‐2‐Deoxyglycosides.
Authors: PEREZ M. , BEAU J.‐M.
Published: May 2016

Addition of phenylselenenyl chloride (II) and silver acetate (III) to the glycals (I) gives the selenopyranosides (IV) as the main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of ML‐236A and Compactin by Combining the Lactonic (Silyl) Enolate Rearrangement and Aldehyde‐Diene Cyclocondensation Technolgies.
Authors: DANISHEFSKY S. J. , SIMONEAU B.
Published: May 2016

The total synthesis of racemic ML‐236A (XII), achieved starting from (I) as shown, represents a new route to the desired product.
ChemInform Abstract: The General Corrosion of B‐Strengthened Ni‐ and Fe‐Based Microcrystalline Alloys in Deaerated 1 M HCl Solution
Authors: CHEN T. Y. , SZKLARSKA‐SMIALOWSKA Z.
Published: May 2016

is studied at room temp. in a rotating cylinder system.
ChemInform Abstract: (B9H13)2‐, an arachno‐(BnHn+4)2‐ Dianion: Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Structure.
Authors: GETMAN T. D. , KRAUSE J. A. , NIEDENZU P. M. , SHORE S. G.
Published: May 2016

The arachno‐(B9H13)2‐ dianion is synthesized either by deprotonation of K(B9H14) (I) as outlined in the scheme or by deprotonation of Na(B9H14) by NaNH2 in liquid NH3 (during handling with the sodium salts, several explosions of unknown origin occurred).
ChemInform Abstract: Torgov Condensation of Some Vinyl Alcohols.
Authors: JAYARAMAN S. , RAJAGOPALAN K.
Published: May 2016

In connection with a study of steroid synthesis, the title reaction between the alcohols (I)‐(III) and the dione (IV) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformations of Tartaric Acid. Complementary Methods for the Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Hydroxyaldehyde Derivatives.
Authors: ACHMATOWICZ B. , WICHA J.
Published: May 2016

The diketone (I) derived from L‐tartaric acid can be reduced stereoselectively to give any of the diols (II), (III) or (IV) as main isomer.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Alkyl‐Substituted p‐Benzoquinones from Phenols by a H2O2/Heteropoly Acid System.
Authors: SHIMIZU M. , ORITA H. , HAYAKAWA T. , TAKEHIRA K.
Published: May 2016

Various phenols such as (I) are oxidized with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of heteropoly acids in acetic acid to give the p‐benzoquinones such as (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Difluoronitroethanol with Epichlorohydrin.
Authors: FOKIN A. V. , SHEVCHENKO V. I. , LYUBIMOVA E. I.
Published: May 2016

2,2‐Difluoro‐2‐nitroethanol (I) is coupled with epichlorohydrin (II) to give the ethers (III) ‐ (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Dimethyloxosulfonium Methylide with N‐Arylsulfonylaziridines ‐ Stereospecific Conversion of N‐Arylsulfonylaziridines to N‐Arylsulfonylazetidines.
Authors: NADIR U. K. , SHARMA R. L. , KOUL V. K.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction (I) → (III) proceeds stereospecifically with inversion of the cis/trans stereochemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Class of “GABAergic” Agents: 1‐Aryl‐3‐(aminoalkylidene)oxindoles.
Authors: SARGES R. , HOWARD H. R. , KOE B. K. , WEISSMAN A.
Published: May 2016

The diaminomethyleneoxindoles (I) are prepared by Ullmann arylation of the indole (I) with the aryl iodides (II) or by reaction of N‐aryloxindoles, e.g. (VI), with the acetal (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Isomerization of 3‐Indolyl Sulfides to 2‐Indolyl Sulfides: Unexpected Intermolecular Nature of the Rearrangement.
Authors: HAMEL P. , GIRARD Y. , ATKINSON J. G.
Published: May 2016

Short treatment of the 3‐indolyl sulfides (I) with trifluoroacetic acid results in disproportionation, yielding the bissulfides (II) and the indoles (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Quaternary Salts of 2‐((Hydroxyimino)methyl)imidazole. Part 2. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo Evaluation of 1‐(Alkoxymethyl)‐2‐((hydroxyimino)methyl)‐3‐methylimidazolium Halides for Reactivation of Organophosphorus‐Inhibited Acetylcholinesterases.
Authors: BEDFORD C. D. , HARRIS R. N. III , HOWD R. A. , GOFF D. A. , KOOLPE G. A. , PETESCH M. , MILLER A. , NOLEN H. W. III , MUSALLAM H. A. , PICK R. O. , JONES D. E. , KOPLOVITZ I. , SULTAN W. E.
Published: May 2016

Thirty‐one new imidazolium halides such as (III) are prepared by reaction of the known hydroxyiminomethylimidazole (I) with chloromethyl ethers such as (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of 9‐Methylfuro(2,3‐h)flavones.
Authors: PRASUNAMBA P. L. , SRIMANNARAYANA G.
Published: May 2016

Under the conditions shown, the flavones (I) react to give the title compounds (II) (no yields given for (IIb)).
ChemInform Abstract: The First (2.2)Phane Diagonally Hetero‐Substituted in the Bridges.
Authors: VOEGTLE F. + , MITTELBACH K. , STRUCK J. , NIEGER M.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the m‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol (I), the benzyl bromide (II) is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Easy Access to Functionalized Dichloroarsines, Synthetic Equivalents of Arsaalkynes.
Authors: HIMDI‐KABBAB S. , PELLON P. , HAMELIN J.
Published: May 2016

The silylated ketene acetal (I) reacts with arsenic trichloride (II) to give the dichloroarsine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Selenoalkyllithium Compounds.
Authors: KRIEF A. , DUMONT W. , CLAREMBEAU M. , BERNARD G. , BADAOUI E.
Published: May 2016

For a variety of examples, the formation of α‐phenyl‐ and α‐methylselenoalkyl‐Li compounds of the type (III) from corresponding selenoacetals and different alkyl‐Li compounds is studied by NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by their quenching products using benzaldehyde (IV) such as demonstrated in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Antioxidative Activity of Biphenyl Compounds from Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.).
Authors: MIURA K. , NAKATANI N.
Published: May 2016

The antioxidative activity of the title compound (I) is similar to that of α‐tocopherol.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Some cis‐Monocyclic‐N‐substituted/unsubstituted‐2‐azetidinones.
Authors: SHARMA S. D. , KHURANA J. P. S.
Published: May 2016

Eleven compounds of type (III) and the N‐unsubstituted β‐lactams (IV) are prepared and tested for their in vitro activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure syn‐ or anti‐β‐Alkyl γ‐Alkoxy Esters by Addition of Organometallic Compounds to Isopropylidene α‐Alkoxyalkylidenemalonates.
Authors: LARCHEVEQUE M. , TAMAGNAM G. , PETIT Y.
Published: May 2016

The organometallic alkyl derivatives (II) or (III) undergo conjugate addition to the protected alkylidenemalonates (I) to give the syn‐ or anti‐adducts (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Nitroxyl Interactions. Part 53. Effect of the Metal‐Nitroxyl Linkage on the Electron‐Electron Exchange Interaction in Spin‐Labeled Complexes of Copper(II), Low‐Spin Cobalt(II), Vanadyl, and Chromium(III).
Authors: MORE K. M. , EATON G. R. , EATON S. S. , HANKOVSZKY O. H. , HIDEG K.
Published: May 2016

EPR spectra are obtained for two spin‐labeled isoquinolines (I) and (II) and nine spin‐labeled pyridines such as (III)‐(VII) bound to the complexes (VIII) and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Condition for C‐Alkylation of β‐Ketoester.
Authors: YOO S.‐E. , YI K. Y.
Published: May 2016

LiCl plays a crucial role in the alkylation of the ester (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Addition of Amines to Cyclopropenes.
Authors: GRITSENKO E. I. , KHALIULLIN R. R. , PLEMENKO V. V. , FAIZULLIN E. M.
Published: May 2016

Addition reactions of the cyclic secondary amines (II) to the 1,1‐disubstituted cyclopropenes (I) yields mixtures of the isomeric aminocyclopropanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Photolysis of Cubyl Iodides: Access to the Cubyl Cation.
Authors: REDDY D. S. , SOLLOTT G. P. , EATON P. E.
Published: May 2016

Photolysis of 1,4‐diiodocubane (I) in methanol (II) at 254 nm results in displacement of one or both iodine atoms, forming 4‐methoxyiodocubane (III) and 1,4‐dimethoxycubane (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed cis‐ and trans‐Anellations to 1,3‐Cyclohexadiene and 1,3‐Cycloheptadiene.
Authors: BAECKVALL J.‐E. + , VAEGBERG J.‐O. , GRANBERG K. L.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the cyclic 1,3‐dienes (I), the (acetoxycycloalkenyl)oxoalkanoic triesters (VII) or (X) are prepared by known procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: From 1,5‐Functional Trisiloxanes to (SiO)4‐, (Si(OSiN)2Si)‐, and (O(SiOSi)2N)‐Rings.
Authors: SCHMIDT‐BAESE D. + , KLINGEBIEL U.
Published: May 2016

The silanolates (IV) prepared as shown serve as starting materials in the reactions with chlorosilanes for the synthesis of siloxanes such as (VI) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Phosphorus. Part 193. 1,2‐Bis(di‐tert.‐butylcyclotriphosphanyl)‐3,4‐di‐tert.‐butylcyclotetraphosphane ‐ a Novel P10R6 Structure Type.
Authors: BAUDLER M. , DE RIESE‐MEYER L. , WIATEREK C.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (III) is obtained by reacting the stannylcyclotriphosphane (I) with PCl3 (II) in the molar ratio 3:1.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Spectroscopic Characterization of CF3‐Substituted Amides, Phosphides, and Arsenides, M(CF3)‐ 2 (M: N, P, As).
Authors: MINKWITZ R. , LIEDTKE A.
Published: May 2016

The alkalimetal amide (III), phosphides and arsenides (VI) are prepared according to the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Selenium and Tellurium Metals with Phenylacetylene in Three‐Phase Catalytical Systems.
Authors: POTAPOV V. A. , AMOSOVA S. V. , KASHIK A. S.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of phenylacetylene (I) with selenium (II) in the presence of potassium hydroxide and a quaternary ammonium salt gives the diselenole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Compounds of a Silanediol, a 1‐Fluoro‐1,3‐disiloxane‐3‐ol, and a 1‐Fluoro‐1,3,5‐trisiloxane‐5‐ol; Synthesis and Crystal Structures.
Authors: SCHMIDT‐BAESE D. + , KLINGEBIEL U.
Published: May 2016

The lithiated silanol (III) from (I) serves as a starting material in the reaction with halosilanes for the stepwise construction of the siloxanols (VII), (X), (XIV) and the siloxanes (V) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Compounds of 5,7‐Dimethyl(1,2,4)triazolo(1,5‐a)pyrimidine (dmtp). X‐Ray Structures of trans‐Tetraaquobis(dmtp‐N3)nickel(II) Diiodide Dihydrate and trans‐Diaquotetrakis(dmtp‐N3)nickel(II) Bis(triiodide)bis‐dmtp.
Authors: LENSTRA A. T. H. , BRUINS SLOT H. J. , BEURSKENS P. T. , HAASNOOT J. G. , REEDIJK J.
Published: May 2016

The title ligand forms complexes such as (III) with nickel and cobalt chloride, bromide, and iodide.
ChemInform Abstract: 7H‐Pyrazolo(5,1‐a)benz(d,e)isoquinolin‐7‐ones: Yellow to Orange Dyes for Synthetic‐Polymer Fibres.
Authors: PETERS A. T. , SAIDI K.
Published: May 2016

The aromatic anhydrides (I) react with hydrazine hydrate (II) to form the N‐aminoimides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Stoichiometric Crystalline Lithium Niobate Fibers by Sol‐Gel Processing with Metal Alkoxides.
Authors: HIRANO S. , HAYASHI T. , NOSAKI K. , KATO K.
Published: May 2016

Gel fibers with 10‐100 μm can be prepared from solutions containing LiOEt and Nb(OEt)5.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum in the Presence of Accelerating Metal Cations and Inhibition.
Authors: KHEDR M. G. A. , LASHIEN A. M. S.
Published: May 2016

The effect of some transition and heavy metal cations (Cu2+, Zn2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Hg2+) on the dissolution of Al is studied in neutral and acid chloride solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformation of Organic Compounds in the Presence of Metal Complexes. Part 4. Hydrosilylation of 2‐ and 4‐Alkylcyclohexanones on Rhodium(I) Complexes.
Authors: FELFOELDI K. + , KAPOCSI I. , BARTOK M.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the 2‐ or 4‐substituted cyclohexanones (I) and (III) with diphenyldihydrosilane and catalytic amounts of tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium chloride, followed by hydrolysis, leads to the formation of mixtures of the cis‐ and trans‐cyclohexanols (II) and (IV) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐Quinolinedicarboxylic Acid.
Authors: MAULDING D. R.
Published: May 2016

The phenylaminosuccinimides (III), prepared from N‐butylmaleinimide (I) or maleic anhydride (IV) and aniline (II), are oxidized with MnO2 to give the maleinimides (V) which undergo substitution, forming the dimethylaminomethylenimides (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Large‐Ring, Chromogenic Benzocrown Compounds.
Authors: CZECH A. , CZECH B. P. , BARTSCH R. A.
Published: May 2016

Nitration of the known benzocrown ethers (I) gives the nitro derivatives (III) which are reduced, yielding the amino compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Chloroalkylphosphines ‐ “Concealed” P‐Chloro Ylides.
Authors: KOLODYAZHNYI O. I. , GOLOKHOV D. B.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the phosphonous diamides (I) with carbon tetrachloride gives the α‐chloro derivatives (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Phosphaalkenes.
Authors: GRUETZMACHER H. + , PRITZKOW H.
Published: May 2016

The phosphonio substituted phosphaalkenes (II) are also prepared by the reaction of (I) with AlCl3.
ChemInform Abstract: Competing Formation of Bridging Diphenylphosphido and Bridging (Diphenylphosphino)cyclopentadienyl Ligands During the Reaction of (M(CO)5PPh2)‐ (M: Cr, Mo, W) with CpRu(CO)2Cl. X‐Ray Structure of (CO)5W(μ‐C5H4PPh2)Ru(CO)(μ‐CO)2Ru(CO)Cp·CH2Cl2.
Authors: CAZANOUE M. , LUGAN N. , BONNET J.‐J. , MATHIEU R.
Published: May 2016

The (diphenylphosphine)pentacarbonyl complexes (I) and (IV) react after deprotonation of their phosphine ligand with the Ru complex (II) to give the μ‐phosphido‐CrRu complex (III) and the trinuclear μ‐cyclopentadienyldiphenylphosphine complexes (V) depending on the metal.
ChemInform Abstract: The Facile Conversion of Pyranoid Glycals into 2‐Deoxyglycosidic Ortho Esters.
Authors: HOLZAPFEL C. W. , ENGELBRECHT G. J. , VERDOORN G. H.
Published: May 2016

The D‐glucals (I), (IV), and (VII) react with the alcohols (II) under oxidizing conditions to give the cyclic ortho esters (III) and (V) and the acetals (VIII).
Classification and Effects of Sludge Disintegration Technologies Integrated Into Sludge Handling Units: An Overview
Authors: Atay Şeyma , Akbal Feryal
Published: May 2016

The sludge disintegration technologies integrated into sludge handling units are pretreatment processes that reduce the sludge mass or to improve the sludge characteristics. The sludge disintegration technologies developed to reduce excess sludge are classified as mechanical disintegration, thermal disintegration, chemical or thermo‐chemical disintegration, and biological disintegration. The integration of lab/pilot/full‐scale applications of these technologies into sludge handling units have been shown to significantly minimize sludge. The sludge disintegration technologies are considered to be environmentally safe because these technologies produce no environmentally harmful additional waste. Therefore, sludge minimization has received steadily increasing attention in the last few decades. Here, an overview is presented of the most widely known sludge disintegration technologies that can be integrated into sludge handling units for sludge minimization. The latest applications of sludge disintegration technologies that have been reported in the literature are comprehensively evaluated in terms of sludge solubilization, dewaterability, pathogen removal, and sludge digestibility.
Solution pH Manipulates Sulfur and Electricity Recovery From Aqueous Sulfide in an Air‐Cathode Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhai Lin‐Feng , Wang Bo , Sun Min
Published: May 2016

The air‐cathode fuel cell has great potential for simultaneous elemental sulfur (S0) and electricity recovery from aqueous sulfide. This work demonstrates the electrochemical oxidation of sulfide in the air‐cathode fuel cell can be manipulated by controlling solution pH. Below pH 7 the sulfide oxidation produces S0 as the main product, while in alkaline solution another product thiosulfate is formed together with S0. Elevating solution pH improves the fraction of sulfide converted to thiosulfate by moving the equilibrium shift from H2S(aq) to polysulfide. In addition, electron transfer from aqueous sulfide to the carbon electrode is facilitated at high pH values. However, the passivation of electrode surface by S0 deposition is aggravated at increased pH values, thus slowing down the electrochemical oxidation rate of sulfide. The operation of the air‐cathode fuel cell at pH 7 obtained the highest sulfur recovery efficiency of 71.3%, meanwhile the coulombic efficiency achieving as high as 55%.
Stability and Nonlinear Optical Response of Alkalides that Contain a Completely Encapsulated Superalkali Cluster
Authors: Sun Wei‐Ming , Li Ying , Li Xiang‐Hui , Wu Di , He Hui‐Min , Li Chun‐Yan , Chen Jing‐Hua , Li Zhi‐Ru
Published: May 2016

Guided by density functional theory (DFT) computations, a new series of superalkali‐based alkalides, namely FLi2+(aza222)K−, OLi3+(aza222)K−, NLi4+(aza222)K−, and Li3+(aza222)K− were designed with various superalkali clusters embedded into an aza222 cage‐complexant. These species possess diverse isomeric structures in which the encapsulated superalkalis preserve their identities and behave as alkali metal atoms. The results show that these novel alkalides possess larger complexation energies and enhanced hyperpolarizabilities (β0) compared with alkali‐metal‐based and previous superalkali‐based clusters. Especially, a prominent structural dependence of β0 is observed for these studied compounds. Hence, the geometric factors that affect the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of such alkalides is elucidated in detail in this work. This study not only provides novel candidates for alkalides, it also offers an effective way to enhance the NLO response and stability of alkalides.
The Urban Heat Island and its spatial scale dependent impact on survival and development in butterflies of different thermal sensitivity
Authors: Kaiser Aurélien , Merckx Thomas , Van Dyck Hans
Published: May 2016

Climate alteration is one of the most cited ecological consequences of urbanization. However, the magnitude of this impact is likely to vary with spatial scale. We investigated how this alteration affects the biological fitness of insects, which are especially sensitive to ambient conditions and well‐suited organisms to study urbanization‐related changes in phenotypic traits. We monitored temperature and relative air humidity in wooded sites characterized by different levels of urbanization in the surroundings. Using a split‐brood design experiment, we investigated the effect of urbanization at the local (i.e., 200 × 200 m) and landscape (i.e., 3 × 3 km) scale on two key traits of biological fitness in two closely related butterfly species that differ in thermal sensitivity. In line with the Urban Heat Island concept, urbanization led to a 1°C increase in daytime temperature and an 8% decrease in daytime relative humidity at the local scale. The thermophilous species Lasiommata megera responded at the local scale: larval survival increased twofold in urban compared to rural sites. Urbanized sites tended to produce bigger adults, although this was the case for males only. In the woodland species Pararge aegeria, which has recently expanded its ecological niche, we did not observe such a response, neither at the local, nor at the landscape scale. These results demonstrate interspecific differences in urbanization‐related phenotypic plasticity and larval survival. We discuss larval pre‐adaptations in species of different ecological profiles to urban conditions. Our results also highlight the significance of considering fine‐grained spatial scales in urban ecology.
Direct and Efficient (Carbonyl)cobalt‐Mediated Aryl Acetylation Using [11C]Methyl Iodide
Authors: Dahl Kenneth , Schou Magnus , Halldin Christer
Published: May 2016

A new strategy is reported that allows direct access to 11C‐labelled aryl methyl ketones by a fast and efficient (carbonyl)cobalt‐mediated protocol employing [11C]methyl iodide as the labelling agent. The method uses Co2CO8 as combined aryl halide activator and carbon monoxide source for the carbonylation reaction. The suitability of the methodology was demonstrated by the 11C‐labelling of a set of functionalised arenes and heteroarenes with radiochemical conversions (RCC) ranging from 22 % to 63 %.
Merging Tribenzotriquinacene and Triptycene
Authors: Lucchesini Francesco , Grasse Michael , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Tellenbröker Jörg , Kuck Dietmar
Published: May 2016

The geometric and chemically related structural motifs of tribenzotriquinacene (TBTQ, 1) and triptycene (2) have been merged for the first time on the level of the parent hydrocarbons. A classical cyclodehydration strategy was used to synthesize 1,4‐dimethoxytribenzotriquinacene 13 and convert it into the corresponding TBTQ‐based para‐benzoquinone 4. The Diels–Alder reaction of 4 with anthracene afforded anti‐ and syn‐cycloadducts 22 and 23, respectively, in the ratio of 1:3, which were transformed into dibenzo(triptyceno)triquinacene 5, a new parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and derivatives 25–28. The structure of TBTQ‐quinone 4 was also extended to give related 1,4‐anthraquinone 32. The intriguing geometrical and structural aspects of the merged TBTQ‐triptycene motif were examined by X‐ray crystal analysis and molecular modeling with the aim to construct tris(triptyceno)triquinacenes, hypothetical analogues that are characterized by a deep molecular cavity.
Modified Electrodes and Electrochemical Systems Switchable by Temperature Changes
Authors: Katz Evgeny
Published: May 2016

This article is an overview of extensive research efforts in the area of temperature‐controlled electrochemical systems. Electrochemical reactions, including electrocatalytic and bioelectrocatalytic processes, have been reversibly activated and inhibited by temperature changes. This was achieved by modification of electrode surfaces with thermo‐sensitive polymers (e.g., poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM) which are reversibly switched by temperature changes between two different structures: swollen expanded coil conformation and shrunken collapsed globule state. While the swollen hydrophilic state allows penetration of redox species to the electrode conducting support and activates electrochemical reactions, the collapsed hydrophobic state isolates the electrode surface and inhibits electrochemical processes. Electrodes modified with the thermo‐switchable polymers have been additionally functionalized with photo‐switchable molecules (e.g., spiropyran derivatives) to achieve double‐controlled electrochemical reactions switchable by temperature changes and light signals. Incorporation of metallic nanoparticles or graphene species in the temperature‐sensitive polymer films resulted in sophisticated features and multi‐signal controlled behavior of the nano‐composite systems.
Investigation of grafted sulfonated black liquor as wet‐ready mortar admixture
Authors: Zheng Da‐Feng , Chen Ran , Li Xiao‐Kang
Published: May 2016

In order to develop a new mortar admixture and effectively apply black liquor, effect of grafted sulfonated black liquor on wet‐ready mortar property was investigated. The results showed that when the molar ratio of sodium sulfite/formaldehyde/acetone was 0.5:2:1, the polycondensation reaction time was 2.5 h at 95°C, the sulfonation degree of the product was 2.93 mmol·g−1 and the average molecular weight (Mw) was 13,200. When the dosage of modified product was 1.5 wt% in the mortar, the consistency loss of the mortar was 33.7% after 4h, the water retention was 90.1%, the setting time was 16.2h, and the bond strength of hardened mortar was 0.41MPa at 14d and 0.69MPa at 28d (the initial consistency was 90mm ± 5mm). This study has certain reference value for the development of wet‐ready mortar admixture, also has great significance in the environmental protection and application of renewable resource. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1395–1399, 2016
Wind as a cooling agent: substrate temperatures are responsible for variable lithobiont‐induced weathering patterns on west‐ and east‐facing limestone bedrock of the Negev
Authors: Kidron Giora J. , Kronenfeld Rafael , Starinsky Abraham
Published: May 2016

Spatial variability in lithobiont‐induced weathering patterns on desert rocks is aspect‐dependent. While differences between the northern and southern aspects have been extensively studied, little is known concerning the differences between east‐facing (EF) and west‐facing (WF) aspects in deserts, including the Negev Desert. Whereas cobbles on both slopes are inhabited by endolithic lichens, epilithic lichens, which render the bedrock a smooth appearance, and free‐living cyanobacteria, which give the bedrock a rugged microrelief, predominate on WF and EF bedrock, respectively. Following previous research that regarded dew as the principal factor that determines lithobiont distribution, measurements of radiation, temperature, wind and dew were carried out during 2008–2009 in the Negev Desert. The data indicated that albeit slightly higher midday surface temperatures that characterize WF surfaces (cobbles and bedrock), nocturnal temperatures on these surfaces were significantly lower, therefore facilitating higher dew condensation. High amounts of dew result from the relatively rapid drop in temperatures (14:00–20:00) due to the afternoon northwesterly sea‐breeze wind (with a cooling rate of the WF bedrock being 52.9% higher than on EF bedrock, 2.6 °C h−1 in comparison to only 1.7 °C h−1), and facilitate the growth of high‐chlorophyll dew‐fed (and rain‐fed) epilithic lichens, which may act as bio‐protectors on WF bedrock. Lack of condensation on EF bedrock results in turn in the growth of rain‐fed free‐living cyanobacteria, responsible for high rock dissolution and subsequently for a rugged microrelief. By affecting the nocturnal bedrock temperatures, wind acts as a cooling agent, impacting in turn the amount of dew, and subsequently lithobiont composition and weathering patterns in the Negev Desert. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized concentration addition approach for predicting mixture toxicity
Authors: Tanaka Yoshinari , Tada Mitsuru
Published: May 2016

A new mathematical model for analyzing data and predicting the effect of mixtures of toxic substances is presented as a generalized form of the concentration addition model. The proposed method, the generalized concentration addition (GCA) model, can be applied to mixtures with arbitrary strengths of interactions (synergistic or antagonistic). It requires mixture effect data for least 1 exposure concentration of the mixture in which fractions of all components and concentration–response functions for each component are known. The GCA model evaluates the interaction between components by introducing a novel response function, which is independent of the response functions for each individual components, to describe the effect of addition between different components. The GCA method was applied to published mixture toxicity data, and it was found to fit the mixture effect better than both the concentration addition model and the independent action model, the implication being that the proposed approach is widely applicable. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:265–275. © 2016 SETAC
Global transcriptomic profiling in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) from rivers impacted by differing agricultural land uses
Authors: Hook Sharon E. , Kroon Frederieke J. , Metcalfe Suzanne , Greenfield Paul A. , Moncuquet Philippe , McGrath Annette , Smith Rachael , Warne Michael St. J. , Turner Ryan D. , McKeown Adam , Westcott David A.
Published: May 2016

Most catchments discharging into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon have elevated loads of suspended sediment, nutrients, and pesticides, including photosystem II inhibiting herbicides, associated with upstream agricultural land use. To investigate potential impacts of declining water quality on fish physiology, RNA sequencing (RNASeq) was used to characterize and compare the hepatic transcriptomes of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) captured from 2 of these tropical river catchments in Queensland, Australia. The Daintree and Tully Rivers differ in upstream land uses, as well as sediment, nutrient, and pesticide loads, with the area of agricultural land use and contaminant loads lower in the Daintree. In fish collected from the Tully River, transcripts involved in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and citrate cycling were also more abundant, suggesting elevated circulating cortisol concentrations, whereas transcripts involved in immune responses were less abundant. Fish from the Tully also had an increased abundance of transcripts associated with xenobiotic metabolism. Previous laboratory-based studies observed similar patterns in fish and amphibians exposed to the agricultural herbicide atrazine. If these transcriptomic patterns are manifested at the whole organism level, the differences in water quality between the 2 rivers may alter fish growth and fitness. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:103–112. © 2016 SETAC