bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Côte d’Opale et ses peintres au XIX e siècle finissant à l’entre-deux-guerres : du particularisme de son appellation à la diversité de ses représentations picturales
Authors: Marcq Édith
Published: March 2020

C’est en peignant que vint, en 1911, à Édouard Lévêque, peintre touquettois et représentant de l’École d’Étaples, l’idée de donner un nom à la bande de terre qui cernait largement le Touquet-Paris-Plage. Il la dota de la poétique – et énigmatique – appellation « Côte d’Opale » qui, selon lui, devait s’appliquer spécifiquement au littoral relayant Le Crotoy à Équihen-Plage. Ce sensible inventeur d’une désignation géographique nouvelle faisait du même coup, de sa ville de prédilection qui commençait à devenir une station balnéaire en vogue, le joyau de cette terre du Nord et, de ses confins maritimes, l’écrin idéal susceptible d’éveiller la créativité des artistes. Ce petit bout de terre du Nord, longeant une mer souvent hostile aux hommes, devenu l’éden d’une colonie de peintres américains et anglais au tournant du xx e  siècle, cristallisa au sortir de la Grande Guerre la fascination de ceux qui allaient mettre en lumière la richesse d’un paysage naturellement multiple mais encore renouvelé par la magie du pinceau. Or, en recherchant un enthousiasme touristique univoque, le créateur de l’appellation sous-entendait, même artificiellement, une certaine cohérence géographique. Mais le regard artistique porté sur ce morceau de territoire septentrional répondait-il à ce présupposé ? Pour répondre à cette interrogation liminaire, ce travail rend compte de la disparité des représentations picturales qui magnifient pourtant d’un même élan cette région maritime du Nord. Pour ce faire, l’article commente la multiplicité des visions d’artistes, de l’École de Wissant au Groupe de Berck, qui marquèrent leur passage sur le littoral et donnèrent à voir, au-delà de l’aspect sauvage d’une côte battue par les vents, la beauté fascinante d’une lumière opaline.
« Base Montesquieu » les données du commerce extérieur français de 1836 à 1938
Authors: Becuwe Stéphane , Blancheton Bertrand , Onfroy Karine
Published: March 2020

Cet article présente l’état d’avancement d’une base de données du commerce extérieur français dite « Base Montesquieu » centrée sur les produits. Elle regroupe les données de commerce extérieur contenues dans la série annuelle intitulée « Tableau général du commerce de la France avec ses colonies et les puissances étrangères sur la période 1836-1938 ». L’article présente les données et discute leur robustesse. Il analyse aussi les enjeux associés à la numérisation et la transformation de cette source en base de données, afin de les mettre à disposition des chercheurs.
Incorporating Refraction Measurement Error Into Surgery Planning for Corneal Ablation Procedures, Comparing the Flattening and Correction Indices
Authors: Price David A. , Clarke Gerald P.
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE:

To assess the impact of measurement error on cylinder treatment planning in corneal refractive surgery and to compare the reliability of two indices of cylinder change: the Correction Index, based on the surgically induced astigmatism, and the Flattening Index, based on the flattening effect.

METHODS:

Preoperative refractions and surgical outcomes were evaluated using a Monte Carlo simulation. Cylinder change was calculated using vector analysis. The initial distribution of cylinder magnitudes was matched to a population sample of 1,000 eyes prior to LASIK. Refraction measurement error was modeled both preoperatively and postoperatively, with a non-linear optimization solver optimizing treatment effect for each amount of preoperative cylinder. Model assumptions were subsequently tested against LASIK outcomes data.

RESULTS:

The mean Flattening Index was approximately 1 for all levels of preoperative cylinder, whereas the Correction Index was significantly higher than 1 for cylinder treatments of 1.00 diopters (D) or less when preoperative and postoperative measurement errors were taken into consideration. Targeting undercorrection minimized postoperative cylinder compared with targeting full correction, with the optimal target dependent on the amount of random error in refraction measurement. It was optimal to partially treat 0.25 D of cylinder, even if the presumed level of measurement error was relatively high.

CONCLUSIONS:

The Flattening Index outperforms the Correction Index when accounting for errors in preoperative and postoperative cylinder measurement, particularly when pre-operative cylinder is 1.00 D or less. Treatment nomograms should be adjusted to use the Flattening Index to assess cylinder change, and reporting guidelines should be updated to include the Flattening Index.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(3):169–174.]
Accuracy of OCT Curvature and Aberrations of Bowman's Layer: A Prospective Comparison With Physical Removal of Epithelium
Authors: Khamar Pooja , Shetty Rohit , Ahuja Prerna , Chandapura Rachana , Narasimhan Raghav , Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. , Sinha Roy Abhijit
Published: March 2020

PURPOSE:

To compare optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Scheimpflug curvature and aberrations of the Bowman's layer before and after removal of the epithelium.

METHODS:

Bowman's layer was mapped with OCT (Optovue Inc., Irvine, CA) before and after removal of the epithelium in normal eyes undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (n = 14) and keratoconic eyes undergoing corneal cross-linking (n = 25). The anterior corneal surface before removal and the underlying Bowman's layer after removal of the epithelium were also mapped with Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany), and the surface aberrations with ray tracing were computed.

RESULTS:

The agreement of OCT curvatures before and after removal of the epithelium was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.9). A similar trend was seen between OCT and Pentacam after removal of the epithelium. The agreement of surface wavefront aberrations of the Bowman's layer before and after removal of the epithelium was excellent (ICC = 0.9) between the devices for keratoconic eyes. However, this agreement was relatively inferior in normal eyes (ICC < 0.5).

CONCLUSIONS:

The virtual OCT curvature and aberrations of the Bowman's layer agreed well with its actual magnitudes on removal of the epithelium in the keratoconic eyes. In normal eyes, the agreement was inferior for aberrations but not for curvature.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2020;36(3):193–198.]
Virtual University and Gamification to Support Engineering Education
Authors: Tsiatsos Thrasyvoulos
Published: March 2020

Discussion about Gamification to Support Engineering Education
Automated Detection of Brain Abnormalities Using Multi-Directional Features and Randomized Learning
Authors: Nayak Deepak Ranjan , Das Dibyasundar , Dash Ratnakar , Majhi Banshidhar
Published: March 2020

Automated detection of brain abnormalities through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made a significant stride in the past decade. The feature extractors exploited in the literature suffer from issues like limited directional selectivity and high dimensionality, and the classifiers used have critical drawbacks like slow learning speed, poor computational scalability, and trivial human intervention. The fast curvelet transform (FCT) and ripplet-II transform (R2T) provides improved discriminant ability and high directional selectivity. Extreme learning machine (ELM), a randomized learning algorithm for single layer feed-forward neural network, has received significant attention as it provides good generalization performance at much faster speed. In this chapter, the authors compare the effectiveness of two feature extractors based on FCT and R2T along with different ELM algorithms. These schemes have been evaluated on three brain MR datasets and comparative analyses have been made on several combinations of methods. Finally, the potential of the best scheme is compared to the state of the art.
AI-Driven Prognosis and Diagnosis for Personalized Healthcare Services
Authors: Mehra Ritika , Iyer Mohit
Published: March 2020

Artificial intelligence (AI) seeks to replicate human psychological capacities. This is making an ideal change for healthcare services with the rapid availability of healthcare data and the rapid progress of analytics technology. AI tools are being used to diagnose major diseases such as cancer, neurology, liver diseases, cardiology, and so on. For the classification of the disease, several classification and dimensionality reduction algorithms are used. In this chapter, recent literature based on deep learning technologies has been reviewed to pursue healthcare domains and also various applications, and challenges of AI and deep learning that are used in this field have been discussed. Different AI algorithms (Linear SVM, SVM Grid Search, KNN, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Bagging, Boosting) have also been discussed in a nutshell. To predict diseases, all these algorithms will be implemented using various medical datasets, and also a comparison of all these algorithms will be shown.
Heart Sound Data Acquisition and Preprocessing Techniques
Authors: Ghosh Samit Kumar , Nagarajan Ponnalagu Ramanathan , Tripathy Rajesh Kumar
Published: March 2020

Heart sound or phonocardiogram (PCG) signal quantifies the information about the mechanical activity of the heart, and the medical practitioners use the stethoscope to listen to this sound. The PCG signal can be used for clinical applications such as detection of various valvular diseases and non-clinical applications such as biometric system, stress and emotion detection, etc. The PCG signal acquisition and preprocessing are important tasks for the diagnosis of heart valve-related disorders and other applications. The heart sound preprocessing techniques include denoising of PCG signal, segmentation of first and second heart sound (S1, S2) and other heart sound components from the PCG signal, feature extraction from the segmented heart sound components, followed by classification. This chapter reviews the state-of-the-art approaches for heart sound acquisition and pre-processing techniques and also provides the information that is commonly used by the researchers for the validation of their PCG signal processing algorithms.
NLP for Clinical Data Analysis
Authors: Banerjee Partha Sarathy , Banerjee Jaya
Published: March 2020

This work focuses on the topic of natural language processing for clinical data analysis. In a world where information is being generated at an exponential rate, the need for this information handling and management finds wide attention. The majority of the data being generated is in the form of unstructured data. The processing of structured information is relatively easier as compared to semi-structured or unstructured data. In the case of clinical data, the larger chunk is in unstructured form like the patient's case study and history. This chapter will provide a deeper insight into this class of data and will provide various solutions to how this data can be interpreted and represented for better healthcare of the common masses. In this chapter, the authors discuss a generic system developed for unstructured data handling: Natural Language Information Interpretation and Representation System (NLIIRS).
The Project Manager as the Driver of Organizational Knowledge Creation
Authors: Bibbes Ted , Rollins Minna , Johnston Wesley J.
Published: March 2020

The areas Project Management and Knowledge Management include studies on the project and project team levels, but a specific focus on the role of the Project Manager in managing knowledge within the team has received less focus. The authors show how knowledge is created within the project team environment, and the specific role of the Project Manager as an individual uniquely situated to drive the creation of knowledge in the environment by facilitating, directing, and controlling team activities through the four SECI model phases. Using a single case study approach, this research shows how the PM acts as a “mixing valve” in the flow of knowledge in a dynamic, multi-directional, process within the project team environment.
The Relationship Between Leadership Ethics and Organizational Success
Authors: Randall Phillip M. , Saurage-Altenloh Susan , Osei Enoch T.
Published: March 2020

Over the last few decades, business fraud and examples of scandalous management behaviors have sparked a lot of attention among several interested stakeholders. These increasing scandals have necessitated the question on the necessary steps required to prevent their frequent occurrence. The lack of commitment to strong ethical standards by management has been underpinned as the cause of ethical misconducts in organizations. The fiscal crisis of 2007-2009 witnessed many leadership misconducts and abuse of leadership responsibility. The fiscal crisis revealed the loss of about $11 trillion in household wealth, 26 million Americans losing their jobs, and 4.5 million Americans who could not afford their mortgages. These events and statistics show the prevalent lack of ethical leadership in organizations. While leadership ethics is a concern for all stakeholders within business organizations in the United States, only a few segments of the industry are taking steps to incorporate ethical awareness within their global organizations.
Introduction to Radio Astronomy and Radio Telescopes
Authors: Yeap Kim Ho , Hirasawa Kazuhiro , Nisar Humaira
Published: March 2020

Radio astronomy studies the physics and chemistry of cosmic sources and cosmic phenomena at the radio wave spectrum. Radio telescopes are built to detect radiation within this spectrum. This chapter provides a historical walkthrough on the development of radio astronomy and radio telescopes. Significant discoveries and works pioneered by scientists in radio astronomy are highlighted. Nobel laureates who have led to groundbreaking contributions in this field are listed.
Practice of Meteor Burst Communication
Authors: Wakabayashi Ryoji
Published: March 2020

A lot of research and experiments on meteor burst communication described in the previous chapter have been done by research institutions, educational institutions, and amateur radio operators. The contents of research and experiments are roughly classified into two categories. One is to investigate the frequency and duration of meteor bursts themselves, and the other is to study data transmission using meteor bursts. This chapter introduces some experiments on meteor burst communications conducted in Japan and the method of QSO by meteor scatter communications conducted by amateur radio operators.
The Impact of Seasonality on the Using of Accommodation Capacity in Operation in Romania
Authors: Zaharia Radu Serban M. , Gogonea Rodica Manuela
Published: March 2020

For accommodation service providers one of the main objectives is to obtain and maintain a higher degree of using of accommodation capacity in operation. Based on these considerations, the paper analyzes the evolution of the index of utilization of the accommodation capacity in operation in the development regions of Romania for a period of six years in order to reveal similarities and disparities between them. For this purpose, besides the analysis of the developments of the index of utilization of the accommodation capacity in operation, the evolution of dispersion spreading is also analyzed. Both the variability amplitudes of the two main indicators and their trend are analyzed. The conclusion of the study is the fact that in Romania, the dispersion of the index of the use of the accommodation capacity in operation had an increasing trend, which means that in terms of the ratio between demand and supply of accommodation, the disparities between development regions continue to grow with all the negative implications on the performance of the tourism industry in Romania.
Film Tourism and Desire to Travel
Authors: Kumar Amit , Dung Trinh Phuong
Published: March 2020

Academic research on film tourism has been around since the early 1990s, but the popularity and extensiveness of research in this area has increased in recent years (Hahm, Upchurch & Wang, 2008; Beeton, 2010), with a number of studies examining the increase of visitor numbers to film locations (Beeton, 2005; Busby, Brunt, & Lund, 2003; Cousins & Anderek, 1993; Croy & Walker, 2003; Gundle, 2002; Kim & Richardson, 2003; Riley, Baker, & Van Doren, 1998; Riley & Van Doren, 1992; Schofield, 1996; Tooke & Baker, 1996; Di Cesare et al., 2009). Similarly, the impact of films on people's image formation has been widely acknowledged in the literature (Butler, 1990; Gartner, 1993; Iwashita, 2003). Films are not generally produced with the intent to attract tourists to a destination, but tend to influence viewers indirectly as a background part of the movie's message (Butler, 1990; Hudson & Ritchie, 2006). This is because they can present millions of viewers with substantial information about a destination, create a first-time image, or alter an existing image in a relatively short period of time (Hahm et al., 2008). Thus, this study makes a modest attempt in the direction of identifying the relationship between film tourism and tourist's desire to travel, which is a cross national comparison between India and China.
The Management of Archeological Sites as Tourism Resources
Authors: Huete-Alcocer Nuria , Martínez-Ruiz María Pilar , López-Ruiz Víctor Raúl , Izquierdo-Yusta Alicia
Published: March 2020

This article aims to study the potential of archeology as a tourism resource in the field of cultural tourism, given that good tourism management of archeological sites can attract a larger number of visitors and contribute to the socio-economic development of the areas involved. Specifically, it will examine the role of information sources in the management of such sites, focusing on the case of Segóbriga Archeological Park, Cuenca, Spain. Based on the analysis of the results obtained from surveys of tourists to this destination, this article makes a series of management recommendations concerning the importance of disseminating and promoting this type of tourism resource through various information sources.
Impact Assessment of a National Park Under the Auspices of Unesco
Authors: Fakotakis George , Baourakis George , Drakos Periklis , Zopounidis Constantin
Published: March 2020

Crete features many protected areas of exceptional natural beauty that attract thousands of visitors every season. Many local enterprises count on that touristic activity to increase their revenues. One of the most important and well known protected areas of Crete is the Samaria National Park. It was established in 1962 and since then it has earned various international distinctions. The aim of this study is to quantify the economic effects of the visitations at the Samaria National Park, on the whole region of Chania and to identify the profile of the visitor.
Coastal Management Using UAS and High-Resolution Satellite Images for Touristic Areas
Authors: Papakonstantinou Apostolos , Doukari Michaela , Stamatis Panagiotis , Topouzelis Konstantinos
Published: March 2020

Coastline change and human activities in shoreline zones are two factors indicating the vulnerability and the quality of a coastal environment. In this article, coastline evolution and spatiotemporal differences on coastal touristic infrastructure are presented as two case studies. Both case studies have increasing interest among scientists monitoring sensitive coastal areas, and for stakeholders evolved in the tourist industry. The study is twofold: monitors the shoreline evolution and examines how the shoreline behavior affects the seasonal anthropogenic touristic infrastructure. Shoreline detection methodology integrates unmanned aerial systems (UAS) or high-resolution satellite images for data acquisition, and geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) for the shoreline recognition and the infrastructure change detection. The methodology used produced robust results in the aspect of mapping and detecting coastline changes, coastal erosion and the human pressure due to specific activities.
Tourism Marketing Platform on Mobile Internet
Authors: Xiao Yunhua
Published: March 2020

With the progress of science and technology, the development and improvement of internet technology and smart phones are gradually popular in the daily life; this world has achieved a swift transition to the mobile internet era from the traditional internet era. Various tourist areas have established “Digital Scenic Spots” in recent years, making the internet combine tightly with tourism. The construction of scenic-spot marketing platforms based on internet is an important component of constructing “Digital scenic spot.” In this article, a tourism marketing platform on the mobile internet is established by analyzing the mobile internet mainstream technology and its application in tourism marketing. In this article, the architecture of the marketing system uses the MVC pattern with a three-tier distributed structure and the logic layer of the system uses a construction of JavaBean and EJB. The article also builds a WeChat marketing model based on MM-TIP. The result of research provides some reference for constructing tourism marketing platform based on mobile internet.
T Cell–Expressed microRNA-155 Reduces Lifespan in a Mouse Model of Age-Related Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Ekiz H. Atakan , Ramstead Andrew G. , Lee Soh-Hyun , Nelson Morgan C. , Bauer Kaylyn M. , Wallace Jared A. , Hu Ruozhen , Round June L. , Rutter Jared , Drummond Micah J. , Rao Dinesh S. , O’Connell Ryan M.
Published: March 2020

Aging-related chronic inflammation is a risk factor for many human disorders through incompletely understood mechanisms. Aged mice deficient in microRNA (miRNA/miR)-146a succumb to life-shortening chronic inflammation. In this study, we report that miR-155 in T cells contributes to shortened lifespan of miR-146a−/− mice. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry, we found that miR-155 promotes the activation of effector T cell populations, including T follicular helper cells, and increases germinal center B cells and autoantibodies in mice aged over 15 months. Mechanistically, aerobic glycolysis genes are elevated in T cells during aging, and upon deletion of miR-146a, in a T cell miR-155-dependent manner. Finally, skewing T cell metabolism toward aerobic glycolysis by deleting mitochondrial pyruvate carrier recapitulates age-dependent T cell phenotypes observed in miR-146a−/− mice, revealing the sufficiency of metabolic reprogramming to influence immune cell functions during aging. Altogether, these data indicate that T cell–specific miRNAs play pivotal roles in regulating lifespan through their influences on inflammaging.
La textura del hormigón como herramienta de continuidad espacial y orden formal
Authors: Colmenares Vilata Silvia
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de esta comunicación es ejemplificar las posiblidades ofrecidas por el trabajo con la textura o relieve del hormigón blanco mediante el caso del edificio proyectado para el Ayuntameinto de Pizarra, en Málaga, donde el problema no se aborda desde una perspectiva exclusivamente ornamental, sino que permite desarrollar una estrategia de orden formal que resuelve mediante dicho lenguaje un conjunto de problemas arquitectónicos entre los que destacan la continuidad espacial y la diferenciación de las partes dentro de la unidad material.
Tres texturas para tres proyectos
Authors: ALTARRIBA COMES ANTONIO
Published: March 2020

Proponemos una visión de cómo trabajar el hormigón blanco a través de tres proyectos, que responden a diferentes soluciones aplicadas en cada uno de ellos. Primera textura: hormigón blanco visto encofrado de tablón sin lijar. Casa Campolivar.  En este proyecto buscábamos texturizar los volúmenes que formaban el edificio, utilizando la piedra natural de la mampostería y el hormigón blanco. La idea era generar un podio de piedra sobre el que aparecía una escultura de hormigón blanca, con un tratamiento más basto del hormigón. Segunda textura: hormigón blanco visto encofrado de tablón lijado. Casa Hervás. El proyecto consta de dos cajas desplazadas entre sí, sincero a su idea generadora en cuanto a su materialidad, solo debe existir un material: el hormigón blanco, pero tratado de una manera más abstracta, pareciendo un enlucido desde cierta distancia. Tercera textura: hormigón blanco visto encofrado de tablón lijado y con líneas de sombra aleatorias. Casa de la Roca: Este proyecto explora la integración del edificio con el paisaje en el que se asienta. Se busca que el hormigón en una escala cercana sea sofisticado, para ello el encofrado de tablón liso, pero a cierta distancia también tenga textura, por eso utilizamos esas líneas de sombra.
VILLA PAQUITA: AMPLIAR Y MANTENER LA EDIFICACIÓN ORIGINAL DE LADRILLO Y EL JARDIN DE UNA CASA DE VACACIONES
Authors: MARTINEZ RODRIGUEZ JOSE MANUEL
Published: March 2020

Intervención en una casa de ladrillo construida a principios del siglo XX, situada en una población de tradición vacacional de una comarca de pinares. Se mantiene la edificación original y se amplia con un sistema de muros de hormigón visto.
Impact of horizontal resolution on global ocean-sea-ice model simulations based on the experimental protocols of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project phase 2 (OMIP-2)
Authors: Chassignet Eric P. , Yeager Stephen G. , Fox-Kemper Baylor , Bozec Alexandra , Castruccio Fred , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Kim Who M. , Koldunov Nikolay , Li Yiwen , Lin Pengfei , Liu Hailong , Sein Dmitry , Sidorenko Dmitry , Wang Qiang , Xu Xiaobiao
Published: March 2020

Abstract. This paper presents global comparisons of fundamental global climate variables from a suite of four pairs of matched low- and high-resolution ocean and sea-ice simulations that are obtained following the OMIP-2 protocol (Griffies et al., 2016) and integrated for one cycle (1958–2018) of the JRA55-do atmospheric state and runoff dataset (Tsujino et al., 2018). Our goal is to assess the robustness of climate-relevant improvements in ocean simulations (mean and variability) associated with moving from coarse (~ 1º) to eddy-resolving (~ 0.1º) horizontal resolutions. The models are diverse in their numerics and parameterizations, but each low-resolution and high-resolution pair of models is matched so as to isolate, to the extent possible, the effects of horizontal resolution. A variety of observational datasets are used to assess the fidelity of simulated temperature and salinity, sea surface height, kinetic energy, heat and volume transports, and sea ice distribution. This paper provides a crucial benchmark for future studies comparing and improving different schemes in any of the models used in this study or similar ones. The biases in the low-resolution simulations are familiar and their gross features – position, strength, and variability of western boundary currents, equatorial currents, and Antarctic Circumpolar Current – are significantly improved in the high-resolution models. However, despite the fact that the high-resolution models "resolve" most of these features, the improvements in temperature or salinity are inconsistent among the different model families and some regions show increased bias over their low-resolution counterparts. Greatly enhanced horizontal resolution does not deliver unambiguous bias improvement in all regions for all models.
Attribution of the Australian bushfire risk to anthropogenic climate change
Authors: van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Krikken Folmer , Lewis Sophie , Leach Nicholas J. , Lehner Flavio , Saunders Kate R. , van Weele Michiel , Haustein Karsten , Li Sihan , Wallom David , Sparrow Sarah , Arrighi Julie , Singh Roop P. , van Aalst Maarten K. , Philip Sjoukje Y. , Vautard Robert , Otto Friederike E. L.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Disastrous bushfires during the last months of 2019 and January 2020 affected Australia, raising the question to what extent the risk of these fires was exacerbated by anthropogenic climate change. To answer the question for southeastern Australia, where fires were particularly severe, affecting people and ecosystems, we use a physically-based index of fire weather, the Fire Weather Index, long-term observations of heat and drought, and eleven large ensembles of state-of-the-art climate models. In agreement with previous analyses we find that heat extremes have become more likely by at least a factor two due to the long-term warming trend. However, current climate models overestimate variability and tend to underestimate the long-term trend in these extremes, so the true change in the likelihood of extreme heat could be larger. We do not find an attributable trend in either extreme annual drought or the driest month of the fire season September–February. The observations, however, show a weak drying trend in the annual mean. Finally, we find large trends in the Fire Weather Index in the ERA5 reanalysis, and a smaller but significant increase by at least 30 % in the models. The trend is mainly driven by the increase of temperature extremes and hence also likely underestimated. For the 2019/20 season more than half of the July–December drought was driven by record excursions of the Indian Ocean dipole and Southern Annular Mode. These factors are included in the analysis. The study reveals the complexity of the 2019/20 bushfire event, with some, but not all drivers showing an imprint of anthropogenic climate change.
A case study of Kuroshio Extension Front: evolution, structure, diapycnal mixing and instability
Authors: Wang Jiahao , Chen Xi , Mao Kefeng , Zhu Kelan
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Satellite measurements during April to June in 2019 and direct observations from 28th to 30th May in 2019 about the Kuroshio Extension Front are conducted. The former shows the front experience a process of stable-unstable-stable state caused by the movement of the Kuroshio Extension’s second meander and a pinched-off eddy. The latter indicates the steep upward slopes of the isopycnals tilt northward in the strong frontal zone as well as several over 100 m thick blobs of cold and fresh water in the salinity minimum zone of North Paciﬁc Intermediate Water. Using isopycnal anomaly method and diapycnal spiciness curvature method, characteristic interleaving layers are shown primarily in σθ = 26.3–26.9 kg/m3, which corresponds to large variations of potential spiciness in intermediate layers. Further analysis indicates the development of thermohaline intrusions may be driven by the double diffusive instability and the velocity anomalies. Besides, we find the turbulence mixing attributed to symmetric instability and shear instability is very strong in intermediate layer.
Review of The Dynamic Frame: Camera Movement in Classical Hollywood
Authors: Bowen Dorian
Published: March 2020

Review of Patrick Keating, The Dynamic Frame: Camera Movement in Classical Hollywood. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019. xi + 349 pp. ISBN 9780231190510, $35.00 (pbk).
Camp Organizational Support for Creativity Among New And Returning Camp Counselors
Authors: Lynch Myles L. , Hartman Cindy L. , Trauntvein Nate E. , Moorhead Cari A. E.
Published: March 2020

Creativity supports interest, imagination, empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and overall engagement. Satisfied employees, who are supported in their creativity, have increased performance, motivation, and commitment. Residential summer camp is a demanding 24-hour job in which camp counselors use creativity on a regular basis via lesson planning, teaching activities, resolving conflict, and living within close proximity to coworkers. The purpose of the current study was to explore organizational support for creativity among first-year and returning staff at the beginning and end of one season of employment. Camp counselors (n = 113) participated in the current study utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative analysis compared pretest data on creativity to posttest items using paired samples t-tests. First-year and returning counselors indicated significant decreases in perceptions of the camp organization valuing creativity. Counselors’ self-identification as a creative employee significantly decreased among returning employees. Qualitative data analysis produced 46 independent responses and 3 content areas describing barriers to creativity, including personal (intimidation, inexperience), structural (time/money), and camp traditions (status quo) barriers. Summer camps should prioritize support for creativity as a vital component needed for a positive work culture. Ultimately, a camp mission, culture, and training, which support creativity may empower counselors (of various experience levels) to create new ideas, camp traditions, and activities.
Employee Churn in After-School Care: Manager Influences on Retention and Turnover
Authors: Wilkens Michele
Published: March 2020

This study examined field employee turnover at a national after-school program provider to assess the knowledge, skills, motivation, and organizational influences of those with the greatest impact on employee retention—area managers who oversee after-school programs and their ­­­frontline staff. Clark and Estes’ (2008) gap analysis served as the general conceptual framework for the study. A convergent parallel mixed methods case study was conducted using historical document analysis, surveys, interviews, and observations. Analysis revealed high employee retention (74%) as well as high turnover (62%), which can coexist when most staff are retained, but a smaller segment repeatedly churns over the same period. Specifically, recurring turnover among 37% of staff roles was found to be the source of the high turnover rate, while 63% of roles remained filled and stable. Further analysis of managers’ mindset illuminated barriers to success with retention, including limited knowledge of factors related to turnover, perception of minimal organizational focus on and resources for retention, significant external locus of control over turnover, and lack of ownership and accountability for turnover. After implementing context-specific solutions grounded in literature and in the New World Kirkpatrick Model (Kirkpatrick & Kirkpatrick, 2016), a 1-year follow-up indicated elevations in 16 of 17 areas of manager mindset around retention, including 90% or higher agreement in 12 of 17 areas, a 22% decrease in turnover, an 8% increase in stable roles, and an 11% decrease in unstable or repeatedly churning roles.
Motivations and Barriers for Seasonal Camp Employment
Authors: Richmond Dan , Sibthorp Jim , Bialeschki M. Deborah
Published: March 2020

Each year, many summer camps deal with the challenges related to retaining quality seasonal staff. Retaining seasonal staff from year to year requires knowing what motivates staff to return and understanding the factors that drive voluntary turnover. While research on employee retention and turnover is abundant in management literature, few studies have focused on seasonal summer camp staff. This study used a mixed-methods design and involved a national sample of 997 returning camp staff from a variety of camp types. Respondents completed an online survey that included a 40-item questionnaire measuring staff motivations to return to camp and a series of open-ended questions on drivers of retention and turnover. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis revealed 7 latent constructs that drive motivation. Within the whole sample, Job Impact had the highest subscale mean score followed by Camp Embeddedness, Value Alignment, Staff Development, Management, Job Fit, and Compensation. Analysis of open-ended responses confirmed that Job Impact and Camp Embeddedness were the primary motivations for seasonal camp staff to return and that Compensation, Poor Job Fit, and Other Opportunities were likely drivers of turnover. This study helps paint a picture of the key factors that bring back seasonal staff and the factors, both controllable and uncontrollable, that lead camp staff to pursue other opportunities. Findings may be especially useful to professionals in the camping industry interested in seeking out potential camp staff and retaining staff year over year.
Spanish future of probability: teaching and learning
Authors: Goundareva Irina
Published: March 2020

This project investigates how the acquisition of the future of probability in Spanish can be facilitated through classroom instruction, taking into consideration what L1 English and L1 French learners of L2 Spanish bring to the process of acquisition of this linguistic feature and how language instructors may need to manipulate the input to facilitate learning. We designed an experiment which measures different outcomes of form focused and meaning based instructional methods compared to the one currently used at the University of Ottawa in the Spanish program. We have developed grammaticality judgment and limited written production tasks. We also consider long-term effects of the instruction based on the results of the delayed posttest. Our preliminary results suggest that there is an advantage of meaning based instruction over the form focused one on both tests. At the same time, both instructional methods have had more positive effect on the learner acquisition compared to the results of the control group in both explicit and implicit knowledge. As expected, French L1 learners have a slight benefit over the English L1 learners due to the positive transfer from their L1 into L2 Spanish.
¿El perro: el mejor amigo del hombre? Las raíces americanas de la domesticación de España en las obras de Las Casas
Authors: Pongan Joshua M
Published: March 2020

Aunque la imagen tradicional de Las Casas es la del defensor de los indios, el enfoque en este aspecto de sus actividades filosóficas reduce y simplifica la extensión máxima de sus ideas. A través de su escritura, este fraile desarrolla una serie de conceptos que explican cómo el estado de excepción de los pueblos indígenas era el catalizador de la civilización de los españoles, el mismo grupo que pretendía civilizar a los indios. Este artículo examina la representación de lo canino en las obras de Las Casas como parte del proyecto civilizador no de los indios, sino de los españoles. Su presencia en la las obras de Las Casas sirvió para hacer hincapié en los mensajes que condenaban el comportamiento de los españoles en sus interacciones con los indígenas. En última instancia, lo que propone este trabajo es una nueva lectura de las obras de Las Casas que interpreta sus ideas no sólo como uno de los primeros defensores de los derechos indígenas, sino también como un filósofo político que reconoció la necesidad de entregarse al poder absolutista para poder salir de la brutalidad de la excepción que queda afuera de la sociedad.
Although the traditional image of Las Casas is that of the defender of the indigenous peoples, the focus on this aspect of his philosophic activities reduces and simplifies that maximum extension of his ideas. Through his writing, Las Casas develops a series of concepts that explain how the state of exception of the indigenous populations was the catalyst of the actual civilization of the Spaniards, the very group that claimed to be civilizing the indigenous groups. This article examines the representation of the canine in the works of Las Casas as part of the civilizing project not of the Indians, but rather of the Spaniards. Its presence in the works of Las Casas emphasizes the messages that condemned the behavior of the Spaniards in their treatment of the Indians. Finally, this article proposes a new reading of Las Casas’ works that interprets his ideas not only as one of the first defenders of indigenous rights, but also as a political philosopher who understood the necessity to recognize a greater power to be able to overcome the brutality of the state of nature that exists outside of society.
The Eve of a New Age
Authors: Cruikshank Stephen A.
Published: March 2020

Discussions of the Neobaroque began to find an important position in Latin American circles during the twentieth century. The goal of these discussions was a reassessment of an American identity by using the Baroque as a historical catalyst for cultural transformation. One of the prominent figures during this period who connected the Baroque with questions revolving around Latin American identity was the Cuban writer Alejo Carpentier. The following article examines Carpentier's theories on the New World Baroque taken from various essays published in La novela lationamericana en visperas de un nuevo siglo (1981). Through these essays, Carpentier's perspective of the Baroque is relayed into cultural themes of Latin America such as the importance of American solidarity, historical constancy, cultural innovation/progression, the natural environment, and urbanism. Analyzing the connection of such themes with the arrival of the New World Baroque sheds light on the crucial theoretical developments of Latin American identity during the twentieth century.
En búsqueda de elementos definitorios para el término competencia comunicativa
Authors: Campos de Borba Laura
Published: March 2020

Resumen:

En el ámbito de la enseñanza y aprendizaje de español, hay un documento que orienta específicamente la enseñanza de español como lengua extranjera (en adelante ELE): el Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes (PCIC). Entre los distintos públicos a los cuales el documento se dirige, están los profesores de ELE. Para adoptar la propuesta del PCIC y seguir las orientaciones fornecidas, el profesor de ELE necesita comprender los términos presentes en el documento. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar si, en el PCIC, hay contextos definitorios lo suficiente claros para que el profesor de ELE comprenda el término competencia comunicativa. El PCIC surgió a partir de otro documento: el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las Lenguas (MCER). En razón de eso, este documento también será objeto de análisis. La metodología empleada consiste de tres etapas: 1) compilación del corpus; 2) análisis de los contextos definitorios, a través del software AntConc; y 3) redacción de posibles definiciones.

Abstract:

In teaching and learning Spanish, there is a document that specifically directs the teaching and learning of Spanish as a foreign language (hereinafter SFL): the Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes (PCIC). Among the audiences to whom the document is directed, are the SFL teachers. To adopt the proposal of the PCIC and follow the guidance provided, the teacher of SFL needs to understand the terms in the document. The objective of this study is to determine whether, in PCIC, there are clear definitory contexts enough that the teacher of SFL understand the term communicative competence. PCIC is based on another document: Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR). For this reason we will take this document into account. The methodology consists of three steps: 1) compilation of the corpus; 2) analysis of definitory contexts through AntConc software; and 3) drafting of possible settings.
O QUE É E COMO ALCANÇAR A QUALIDADE DE VIDA?
Authors: Alves Lidiane Aparecida
Published: March 2020

Qualidade de vida trata-se de um tema amplo, complexo e multifacetado, que tem grande relevância para os estudos geográficos. Contudo, não há um consenso acerca do conceito de qualidade de vida e tampouco um modelo padrão para a sua investigação, de modo que são várias possibilidades para sua abordagem e avaliação. Ao considerar tal situação, redigiu-se o presente texto, que, portanto tem como objetivo apresentar algumas das abordagens da noção de qualidade de vida, bem como alguns dos vieses que podem ser utilizados para a sua avaliação, considerando, sobretudo o impasse em torno das abordagens com foco nas dimensões objetivas e subjetivas. Em termos metodológicos, o texto trata-se de uma revisão de literatura. Ao findar o texto, afirma-se que o mais relevante ao considerar a qualidade de vida é identificar, em cada realidade, traços singulares do que ela consiste e buscar por seu alcance de acordo com as particularidades locais.
A representação do silêncio no cinema sonoro
Authors: Pires Yasmin , Villa André
Published: March 2020

Mediante a compreensão de silêncio suscitada pelo pensamento de John Cage, este artigo objetiva investigar de que forma os filmes sonoros, por meio de recursos imagéticos e acústicos, representam o silêncio. Para tanto, o trabalho busca entender previamente de que forma o silêncio se constrói em nossa cultura e percepção, para em seguida adentrar na análise de filmes que possam revelar as articulações da estética cinematográfica envolvidas em projeções que estimulam a sensação de silêncio.
Language Policy and Conflict as Learning Barriers: The Plight of Linguistic Minority Schoolchildren in Darfur, Sudan
Authors: Mugaddam Abdelrahim Hamid , Garri Dhahawi Salih Ali , Alnour Abdelbasit
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates learning difficulties of the linguistic minority schoolchildren (LMS) in Darfur, Sudan, in the contexts of the current conflict and the official monolingual policy. Employing quantitative and qualitative data gathering tools, we examined how the LMS at the internally displaced persons (IDPs) camps were educationally disadvantaged due to their low proficiency in Arabic, curricula developed insensitively to their identities and cultures, and how parents and teachers perceived of teaching the children in Arabic as the sole medium of instruction. The study concluded that monolingualism in education resulted in the underachievement of the IDPs schoolchildren; the vast majority of the parents and a great number of teachers believed the children could have achieved better had the teachers used, besides Arabic, native languages in teaching; and that learning of the children could be improved if their ethnic identities and cultures were integrated in curricula. Preferences of teaching the children in Arabic among the parents were primarily attributed to the current conflict, which gave rise to the revitalisation of native languages in Darfur. The teachers’ preferences thereof, however, differed – crudely traceable between one group of monolingual supporters whose perceptions were informed by their internalised state ideology of Arabicisation and another group of multilingual proponents whose viewpoints were derived from the trendy approaches favouring multilingualism in education. The findings also suggested that the government deliberately distanced itself from taking remedial interventions to mitigate the underachievement of the children with the expectation the displacement would expedite their linguistic and cultural assimilation, which have not only rendered them the most linguistically disenfranchised children in Sudan, but created the most profound de facto government language policy of its kind as well.
Web-Based Synchronous Speaking Platforms: Students’ Attitudes and Practices
Authors: Alghammas Abdurrazzag
Published: March 2020

This study employed the interaction hypothesis (Long, 1983) to investigate attitudes towards different English accents (i.e., American and British) of 40 male undergraduate EFL students majoring in English. It explored the reasons for such views, as well as identifying the accent the participants found most effective for communication. The study also examined students’ attitudes to online speaking by means of a Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication (SCMC) website known as ‘Cambly’. Students were granted free access to the Cambly website for live interaction with Native English Speakers (NES). Each student talked for 15 minutes with an American and British interlocutor, enabling the researcher to recognize the common topics appearing within these conversations. Data were collected using a mixed-method approach, employing a web-based survey of closed and open-ended questions, alongside the recorded conversations. The key findings reveal that students enjoyed the SCMC conversation and also found it beneficial for improving their speaking skills. Furthermore, SCMC allowed students to choose the topic and negotiate meaning with native speakers during a lengthy conversation. This study establishes that students preferred American to British accents and felt more confident in understanding American speakers. The study concludes by highlighting the practical implications for teaching speaking skills, also suggesting new directions for future research.