bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of air conditioner condenser as water heater in an effort to energy conservation
Authors: Sonawan Hery , Saputro Panji , Kurniawan Iden Muhtar
Published: April 2018

This paper presents an experimental study of utilization of air conditioner condenser as water heater. Modification of existing air conditioner system is an effort to harvest waste heat energy from condenser. Modification is conducted in order to test the system into two mode tests, first mode with one condenser and second mode with two condensers. Harvesting the waste heat from condenser needs a theoretical and practice study to see how much the AC performance changes if modifications are made. It should also be considered how the technique of harvesting waste heat for water heating purposes. From the problem, this paper presents a comparison between AC performance before and after modification. From the experiment, an increase in compressor power consumption is 4.3% after adding a new condenser. The hot water temperature is attained to 69 °C and ready for warm bath. The increase in power consumption is not too significant compared to the attainable hot water temperature. Also seen that the value of condenser Performance Factor increase from 5.8 to 6.25 or by 7.8%.
A Comparison of GFR Estimation Formulae in Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Rechenauer Tobias , Zierk Jakob , Gräfe Daniel , Rascher Wolfgang , Rauh Manfred , Metzler Markus
Published: April 2018

Background Application of potentially nephrotoxic chemotherapy requires continuous monitoring of renal function for toxicity and dosing. Novel pediatric glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimating equations including cystatin C have been proposed to enhance the reliability of GFR calculation.

Materials and methods We examined a pediatric oncologic data set with a total of 363 GFR measurements. An analysis of distribution characteristics and comparison of medians was performed to compare creatinine and cystatin C-based GFR estimating formulae. Furthermore, we investigated the clinical impact of different equations in regard to therapeutic consequences.

Results Significant differences in estimated GFR values were calculated depending on the applied formula (range of median GFR from 94.8 to 180.9 mL/min per 1.73 m2) which may result in different therapeutic consequences for the use of potentially nephrotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Significant correlation for all examined formulae was identified, however there were large fluctuations among the correlation coefficients ranging from 0.254 to 1.0.

Conclusion This study compares proposed pediatric GFR estimating equations in a clinical setting. It underlines the current limitations and difficulties of GFR estimation including potential dosing errors. Cystitis C-based equations can be used as alternatives to creatinine-based estimations when the appropriate laboratory method has been applied. A comparative calculator for pediatric GFR estimating equations along with background information is provided at http://gfr.pedz.de and may support clinical decision-making.
Assessing the Activity of Lewis Bases Organocatalysts in Halonium-Induced Carbocyclization Reactions
Authors: Grandclaudon Charlotte , Ruamps Mirko , Duboc Raphaël , Michelet Véronique , Toullec Patrick
Published: April 2018

Lewis bases were evaluated as catalysts for halocarbocyclization reactions of alkynylstyrenes and a cinnamylaniline derivative. Phosphines and phosphorus chalcogenides exhibited high activity for the conversion of alkynylstyrenes in the presence of N-halosuccinimides with up to a 30-fold increase of the initial reaction rate with respect to the background reaction. Phosphorus sulfides and selenides showed the best catalytic activity for the iodocarbocyclization of a cinnamylaniline derivative in the presence of diiodohydantoin. An asymmetric variant of the iodocarbocyclization reaction of an alkynylstyrene using a chiral phosphorus selenide resulted in a modest enantioselectivity.
Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer for Lymphedema
Authors: Schaverien Mark , Badash Ido , Selber Jesse , Cheng Ming-Huei , Patel Ketan
Published: April 2018

Advances in our understanding of the lymphatic system and the pathogenesis of lymphedema have resulted in the development of effective surgical treatments. Vascularized lymph node transfer (VLNT) involves the microvascular transplantation of functional lymph nodes into an extremity to restore physiological lymphatic function. It is most commonly performed by transferring combined deep inferior epigastric artery perforator and superficial inguinal lymph node flaps for postmastectomy breast reconstruction. For patients who do not require or are unable to undergo free abdominal breast reconstruction or have lymphedema affecting the lower extremity, several other VLNT options are available. These include flaps harvested from within the axillary, inguinal, or cervical lymph node basins, and lymph node flaps from within the abdominal cavity. This article reviews the lymph node flap options and techniques available for VLNT for lymphedema.
Combining Autologous Breast Reconstruction and Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer
Authors: Masià Jaume , Smith Mark , Chang Edward
Published: April 2018

Breast cancer patients are at risk for developing postmastectomy lymphedema syndrome of the ipsilateral upper extremity following treatment for breast cancer in the setting of an axillary dissection, postoperative radiation, and chemotherapy. For patients suffering from lymphedema who are also seeking breast reconstruction, combining an autologous abdominal free flap with a vascularized inguinal lymph node transfer provides patients the opportunity to have an aesthetic breast reconstruction as well as the potential to improve their lymphedema in a single operation. The present article aims to provide a description of the salient features of this approach including the preoperative preparation, the surgical technique, the postoperative management and complications, and a summary of the outcomes.
Liposuction Treatment of Lymphedema
Authors: Schaverien Mark , Munnoch D. , Brorson Håkan
Published: April 2018

In the Western world, lymphedema most commonly occurs following treatment of cancer. Limb reductions have been reported utilizing various conservative therapies including manual lymph and pressure therapy, as well as by microsurgical reconstruction involving lymphovenous shunts and transplantation of lymph vessels or nodes. Failure of these conservative and surgical treatments to provide complete reduction in patients with long-standing pronounced lymphedema is due to the persistence of excess newly formed subcutaneous adipose tissue in response to slow or absent lymph flow, which is not removed in patients with chronic non-pitting lymphedema. Traditional surgical regimes utilizing bridging procedures, total excision with skin grafting, or reduction plasty seldom achieved acceptable cosmetic and functional results. Liposuction removes the hypertrophied adipose tissue and is a prerequisite to achieve complete reduction, and this reduction is maintained long-term through constant (24 h) use of compression garments postoperatively. This article describes the techniques and evidence basis for the use of liposuction for treatment of lymphedema.
Anatomy of the Lymphatic System and the Lymphosome Concept with Reference to Lymphedema
Authors: Scaglioni Mario , Suami Hiroo
Published: April 2018

Precise knowledge of the lymphatic system normal anatomy is essential for understanding what structural changes occur in patients with lymphedema. In this article, the authors first review previous anatomical studies and summarize the general anatomy of the lymphatic system and lymphatic pathways in the upper and lower extremities. Second, they introduce their new anatomical concept, the “lymphosome,” which describes how the lymphatic vessels in a particular region connect to the same subgroup of regional lymph nodes. In addition, they describe the anatomical relationship between the perforating lymphatic vessels and arteries. In the last section, they explain the anatomical changes in the lymphatics after lymph node dissection, with reference to secondary lymphedema.
Morbidity and Volumetric Progression in Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma in a Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Mosimann Marc , Vital Domenic , Holzmann David , Epprecht Lorenz
Published: April 2018

Objective We compare the open and transnasal approaches for the excision of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas regarding the rate of morbidity, and residual tumor and its symptomatic recurrence over time. In addition, we present volumetric measurements of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas over time.

Methods All surgically treated patients of our institution were reviewed back to 1969 for type of surgery, residual tumor by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based volumetry, recurrence, and morbidity. We performed a prospective clinical and radiological follow-up on reachable patients.

Results In total, 40 patients were retrievable from our records. We were able to follow up on 13 patients after a mean of 15.7 years since surgery (range: 1–47 years). Patients operated by the open approach had a higher rate of postoperative complications and thus a higher morbidity than endoscopic patients (4/4 vs 3/9; p = 0.007), although tumor sizes were equal among groups (p = 0.12). Persisting tumor was noted in 3/4 and 4/9 (p = 0.56) patients, respectively. The corresponding mean volumes of residual tumors were 16.2 ± 14.4 cm3 and 10.8 ± 6.6 cm3 (p = 0.27). No progression could be noted in endoscopically treated patients (p = 0.24, mean time between scans 2 years).

Conclusions Our analysis shows that the endoscopic approach results in less morbidity. The open approach does not guarantee freedom from persisting tumor tissue. Age seems to be a most important risk factor for the conversion of an asymptomatic persistence into a symptomatic recurrence.
Revision Surgery for Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Chen Brian , Lorenz Mark , Lekovic Gregory , Schwartz Marc , Slattery William , Wilkinson Eric , Peng Kevin
Published: April 2018

Objectives To describe clinical outcomes of patients undergoing revision surgery for vestibular schwannomas.

Design Retrospective case series.

Setting Tertiary private neurotologic practice.

Participants Patients who underwent revision surgeries for recurrent/residual vestibular schwannomas between 1985 and 2015.

Main Outcome Measures Degree of resection, facial nerve function, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

Results A total of 234 patients underwent 250 revision surgeries for recurrent/residual vestibular schwannomas. Of these, 86 carried a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). The mean number of prior surgeries was 1.26, and 197 (85%) prior surgeries had been performed elsewhere. The average age at surgery was 43. The most common approach employed at the time of revision surgery was translabyrinthine (87%), followed by transcochlear (6%), middle fossa (5%), and retrosigmoid (2%). Gross total resection was achieved in 212 revision surgeries (85%). Preoperative House–Brackmann facial nerve function was similar in non-NF2 and NF2 groups (mean: 2.7). Mean postoperative facial nerve function at last follow-up was 3.8 in the non-NF2 group and 3.9 in the NF2 group. History of radiation and the extent of resection were not associated with differences in facial nerve function preoperatively or postoperatively. CSF leaks occurred after 21 surgeries (8%), and six (2%) patients required reoperation.

Conclusions This is the largest series of revision surgery for vestibular schwannomas to date. Our preferred approach is the translabyrinthine craniotomy, which can be readily modified to include the transcochlear approach for improved access. CSF leak rate slightly exceeds that of primary surgery, and gross total resection is achievable in the vast majority of patients.
Lymphovenous Anastomosis Bypass Surgery
Authors: Skoracki Roman , Chang David , Chang Edward
Published: April 2018

The field of lymphedema surgery has witnessed tremendous advancements over the years and has been coupled to the rapid growth of supermicrosurgical techniques. A lymphovenous bypass or lymphaticovenular anastomosis is a new technique that requires identification of patent, residual lymphatic channels and performing an anastomosis to a recipient venule, thereby allowing outflow of lymphatic fluid and improvement in a patient's lymphedema. This article provides a summary of the maturation of the technique, as well as the technical aspects of the approach and the current outcomes in the treatment of postmastectomy lymphedema.
Halos and Asymmetric Triangles: Designing the Eyelids with Volume Using Fillers and/or Fat
Authors: Lam Samuel
Published: April 2018

Periorbital aging is mainly a product of volume loss, which can be addressed with fillers and/or fat grafting. This stands in contrast to the lower face where a lifting procedure can be the principal method to improve moderate-to-significant aging. New models to explain these concepts of periorbital rejuvenation to both the surgeon and the prospective patient are outlined herein, namely, three facial halos (around the eyes, around the perimeter of the face, and around the mouth) and asymmetric triangles around the eyes. Specific techniques for fillers and fat grafting are also covered separately in detail in this article.
Hairline Restoration: Difference in Men and Woman—Length and Shape
Authors: Sturm Angela , Rodman Regina
Published: April 2018

Hair restoration has become increasingly popular in recent years with both men and women. New technologies such as follicular unit extraction and grafting have made it possible for patients to get a natural looking result with minimal downtime. Men usually experience hairline recession as a result of androgenic alopecia, while women most commonly experience thinning of the crown and vertex, with the preservation of the hairline. However, there is a growing population of women who wish to advance their hairline forward because of congenital high hairline, traction alopecia, or previous facial cosmetic surgery. There are several key differences between the female and male hairline. Understanding such differences and following certain guidelines will help the facial plastic surgeon to obtain beautiful and natural appearing results.
The Trichophytic and Lateral Temporal Lifts: Application to the Focal Elevation of the Aging Lateral Eyebrow
Authors: Fedok Fred
Published: April 2018

Rejuvenation of the upper face is a key component of overall facial rejuvenation. The upper face is probably the most important purveyor of our sense of well-being and our primary transmittal of nonverbal social interaction. There are many aspects to the aging changes in the area. Central to these concerns is the level and shape of the eyebrow. Ptosis of the lateral brow begins at a relatively young age and tends to worsen over time. This article describes an adaptation of modifiable techniques to address focal issues of the lateral eyebrow.
The Aesthetics of the Upper Face and Brow: Male and Female Differences
Authors: Sedgh Jacob
Published: April 2018

A hallmark of the modern era of facial plastic surgery is the increasing demand for upper facial rejuvenation by both genders and the growing variety of such options, including both surgical and non-surgical modalities. Thus, now more than ever, differentiating these aesthetic ideals between the two genders and understanding their nuances has become a necessity for the facial cosmetics community. In this article, a detailed comparison of the the pertinent anatomical and topographical differences is presented, followed by a review of the historical evolution of these aesthetic trends.
Endoscopic Browplasty
Authors: Quatela Vito , Lee Heather
Published: April 2018

The endoscopic brow lift has become an established procedure that can safely and reliably rejuvenate the upper third of the face. The authors discuss relevant anatomy and considerations for patient selection to optimize surgical outcomes. A detailed review of surgical technique is presented, and the potential complications and means to reduce them are discussed.
Isolated Orbital Floor Fracture Management: A Survey and Comparison of American Oculofacial and Facial Plastic Surgeon Preferences
Authors: Cohen Liza M. , Shaye David A. , Yoon Michael K.
Published: April 2018

This article aimed to characterize, compare, and contrast the management of isolated orbital floor fractures among oculofacial and facial plastic surgeons in the United States. An anonymous 17-question multiple-choice web-based survey was distributed to all 590 members of the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (ASOPRS) and all 1,300 members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS) using each society's email database from November 2016 to January 2017. Two-hundred twenty-five oculofacial and 135 facial plastic surgeons completed the survey. The most important indications for surgery among both oculofacial and facial plastic surgeons were motility restriction, enophthalmos, and diplopia at 2 weeks. The most common preferred time to surgical intervention was 8 to 14 days; however, facial plastic surgeons were more likely to operate after 4 to 7 days ( p < 0.001). The most common choices of orbital implant material were porous polyethylene and porous polyethylene plus titanium for both oculofacial and facial plastic surgeons, nylon for oculofacial surgeons, and titanium for facial plastic surgeons. The majority rarely/never used intraoperative computed tomography imaging or navigation. Facial plastic surgeons were more likely to perform postoperative imaging ( p < 0.001). We report results of the first survey of isolated orbital floor fracture management among oculofacial and facial plastic surgeons in the United States. This survey characterizes practice patterns and areas of similarities/differences among oculofacial and facial plastic surgeons in the management of isolated orbital floor fractures, which may help define the current standard of care.
Future cities: renarrating human agency
Authors: Cowley Robert
Published: April 2018

The media coverage of Hurricane Harvey’s impact on the city of Houston in August 2017 reveals an ‘Anthropocenic’ sensibility, which tends to deny our ability to solve pressing environmental and social problems through strong and direct human action. This sensibility is reflected at city level in new forms of governance, exemplified here with reference to resilience, smart urbanism, and design-thinking. These have in common a cautious, inductive logic of change; their limited imaginations of space and time imply a dispersed sense of human agency. But if these new rationalities are unlikely to yield convincing solutions to problems such as Hurricane Harvey, perhaps there is a need to rethink the dominant framing of the Anthropocene, which underpins them.
On entropy determination from magnetic and calorimetric experiments in conventional giant magnetocaloric materials
Authors: Chen Jing-Han , Us Saleheen Ahmad , Adams Philip W. , Young David P. , Ali Naushad , Stadler Shane
Published: April 2018

In this work, we discuss measurement protocols for the determination of the magnetic entropy change associated with first-order magneto-structural transitions from both magnetization and calorimetric experiments. The Cu-doped Ni2MnGa Heusler alloy with a first-order magneto-structural phase transition is used as a case study to illustrate how commonly-used magnetization measurement protocols result in spurious entropy evaluations. Two magnetization measurement protocols which allow for the accurate assessment of the magnetic entropy change across first-order magneto-structural transitions are presented. In addition, calorimetric measurements were performed to validate the results from the magnetization measurements. Self-consistent results between the magnetization and calorimetric measurements were obtained when the non-equilibrium thermodynamic state was carefully handled. Such methods could be applicable to other systems displaying giant magnetocaloric effects caused by first-order phase transitions with magnetic and thermal hysteresis.
Periodic and simultaneous quantification of blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation using a microfluidic platform under in-vitro closed-loop circulation
Authors: Kang Yang Jun
Published: April 2018

To evaluate variations of blood circulating in closed loops, hemorheological properties including blood viscosity and red blood cells (RBCs) are quantitatively measured with independent in-vitro instruments after collecting blood from a closed loop. But, most previous methods require periodic blood collections which induce several problems such as geometric differences between the fluidic channel and the in-vitro method, hemodilution, storage time, and unspecific blood flow rates. To resolve these issues, in this study, blood viscosity and RBC aggregation of blood circulating within a closed loop are measured with a microfluidic platform periodically and simultaneously. To demonstrate the proposed method, in-vitro closed-loop circulation is established by connecting several components (peristaltic pump, air compliance unit, fluid divider, and reservoir) in series. In addition, to measure blood viscosity and RBC aggregation, a microfluidic platform composed of a microfluidic device, pinch valve, and syringe pump is created. During each period, blood viscosity and RBC aggregation are measured by monitoring blood flow at constant blood flow, and image intensity at stationary blood flow. The proposed method is first employed to evaluate the effect of hematocrits and dextran concentrations on the RBC aggregation and blood viscosity by using a syringe pump (i.e., specific blood flow-rate). The method is then applied to detect the blood viscosity and RBC aggregation under in-vitro closed-loop circulation (i.e., unspecific blood flow-rate). From these experimental demonstrations, it is found that the suggested method can be effectively used to monitor the RBC aggregation and blood viscosity under in-vitro closed-loop circulation. Since this method does not require periodic collection from closed-loop circulation or an additional procedure for estimating blood flow-rate with a syringe pump, it will be effectively used to monitor variations of blood circulating in extracorporeal bypass loops.
Electrogates for stop-and-go control of liquid flow in microfluidics
Authors: Arango Y. , Temiz Y. , Gökçe O. , Delamarche E.
Published: April 2018

Diagnostics based on microfluidic devices necessitate specific reagents, flow conditions, and kinetics for optimal performance. Such an optimization is often achieved using assay-specific microfluidic chip designs or systems with external liquid pumps. Here, we present “electrogates” for stop-and-go control of flow of liquids in capillary-driven microfluidic chips by combining liquid pinning and electrowetting. Electrogates are simple to fabricate and efficient: a sample pipetted to a microfluidic chip flows autonomously in 15-μm-deep hydrophilic channels until the liquid meniscus is pinned at the edge of a 1.5-μm-deep trench patterned at the bottom of a rectangular microchannel. The flow can then be resumed by applying a DC voltage between the liquid and the trench via integrated electrodes. Using a trench geometry with a semicircular shape, we show that retention times longer than 30 min are achieved for various aqueous solutions such as biological buffers, artificial urine, and human serum. We studied the activation voltage and activation delay of electrogates using a chip architecture having 6 independent flow paths and experimentally showed that the flow can be resumed in less than 1 s for voltages smaller than 10 V, making this technique compatible with low-power and portable microfluidic systems. Electrogates therefore can make capillary-driven microfluidic chips very versatile by adding flow control in microfluidic channels in a flexible manner.
Bifurcation analysis of a noisy vibro-impact oscillator with two kinds of fractional derivative elements
Authors: Yang YongGe , Xu Wei , Yang Guidong
Published: April 2018

To the best of authors' knowledge, little work was referred to the study of a noisy vibro-impact oscillator with a fractional derivative. Stochastic bifurcations of a vibro-impact oscillator with two kinds of fractional derivative elements driven by Gaussian white noise excitation are explored in this paper. We can obtain the analytical approximate solutions with the help of non-smooth transformation and stochastic averaging method. The numerical results from Monte Carlo simulation of the original system are regarded as the benchmark to verify the accuracy of the developed method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has a satisfactory level of accuracy. We also discuss the stochastic bifurcation phenomena induced by the fractional coefficients and fractional derivative orders. The important and interesting result we can conclude in this paper is that the effect of the first fractional derivative order on the system is totally contrary to that of the second fractional derivative order.
Aqueous solvation of Mg(ii) and Ca(ii): A Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics study of microhydrated gas phase clusters
Authors: León-Pimentel C. I. , Amaro-Estrada J. I. , Hernández-Cobos J. , Saint-Martin H. , Ramírez-Solís A.
Published: April 2018

The hydration features of [Mg(H2O)n]2+ and [Ca(H2O)n]2+ clusters with n = 3-6, 8, 18, and 27 were studied by means of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations at the B3LYP/6-31+G** level of theory. For both ions, it is energetically more favorable to have all water molecules in the first hydration shell when n ≤ 6, but stable lower coordination average structures with one water molecule not directly interacting with the ion were found for Mg2+ at room temperature, showing signatures of proton transfer events for the smaller cation but not for the larger one. A more rigid octahedral-type structure for Mg2+ than for Ca2+ was observed in all simulations, with no exchange of water molecules to the second hydration shell. Significant thermal effects on the average structure of clusters were found: while static optimizations lead to compact, spherically symmetric hydration geometries, the effects introduced by finite-temperature dynamics yield more prolate configurations. The calculated vibrational spectra are in agreement with infrared spectroscopy results. Previous studies proposed an increase in the coordination number (CN) from six to eight water molecules for [Ca(H2O)n]2+ clusters when n ≥ 12; however, in agreement with recent measurements of binding energies, no transition to a larger CN was found when n > 8. Moreover, the excellent agreement found between the calculated extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy spectra for the larger cluster and the experimental data of the aqueous solution supports a CN of six for Ca2+.
On compensation in Si-doped AlN
Authors: Harris Joshua S. , Baker Jonathon N. , Gaddy Benjamin E. , Bryan Isaac , Bryan Zachary , Mirrielees Kelsey J. , Reddy Pramod , Collazo Ramón , Sitar Zlatko , Irving Douglas L.
Published: April 2018

Controllable n-type doping over wide ranges of carrier concentrations in AlN, or Al-rich AlGaN, is critical to realizing next-generation applications in high-power electronics and deep UV light sources. Silicon is not a hydrogenic donor in AlN as it is in GaN; despite this, the carrier concentration should be controllable, albeit less efficiently, by increasing the donor concentration during growth. At low doping levels, an increase in the Si content leads to a commensurate increase in free electrons. Problematically, this trend does not persist to higher doping levels. In fact, a further increase in the Si concentration leads to a decrease in free electron concentration; this is commonly referred to as the compensation knee. While the nature of this decrease has been attributed to a variety of compensating defects, the mechanism and identity of the predominant defects associated with the knee have not been conclusively determined. Density functional theory calculations using hybrid exchange-correlation functionals have identified VAl+nSiAl complexes as central to mechanistically understanding compensation in the high Si limit in AlN, while secondary impurities and vacancies tend to dominate compensation in the low Si limit. The formation energies and optical signatures of these defects in AlN are calculated and utilized in a grand canonical charge balance solver to identify carrier concentrations as a function of Si content. The results were found to qualitatively reproduce the experimentally observed compensation knee. Furthermore, these calculations predict a shift in the optical emissions present in the high and low doping limits, which is confirmed with detailed photoluminescence measurements.
Measurement of interaction between water droplets and curved super-hydrophobic substrates in the air
Authors: Wang Zhiyi , Zhao Meirong , Jiang Jile , Zhang Lele , Zhuang Shuya , Zhao Yuchen , Huang Yinguo , Zheng Yelong
Published: April 2018

The interaction force is very important in the study of the contact process of droplets and super-hydrophobic substrates. Accurate interaction force measurement in the air has far-reaching impact on industrial production and biomimetic field. However, limited by the evaporation of small droplets, interaction force can only be measured in the liquid by AFM and other devices. A millimetric cantilever was used to make it possible to measure the interaction between droplets and super-hydrophobic substrates in the air. The optical lever was calibrated with the electrostatic force. The super- hydrophobic substrates were fabricated using nano particles and copper grids. We finally acquired the interaction force and wetting time between the droplet and super- hydrophobic substrates with different grid fractions and similar contact angle. The results showed that the interaction force decreased with the increase of the grid fraction. These would open a new way of understanding the mechanism of hydrophobic.
Oxygen vacancies in BaTiO3 have a surprising impact on dielectric and ferroelectric properties
Authors: Johnson Sally Cole
Published: April 2018

Oxygen vacancy studies reveal the existence of extra states within the band gap of oxygen-deficient barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) samples, and modify their dielectric and ferroelectric properties.
Regulation by 3,5,3ʹ-tri-iodothyronine and FSH of cytochrome P450 family 19 (CYP19) expression in mouse granulosa cells
Authors: Liu Juan , Han Yingying , Tian Ye , Weng Xuechun , Hu Xusong , Liu Wenbo , Heng Dai , Xu Kaili , Yang Yanzhou , Zhang Cheng
Published: April 2018

Cytochrome P450 family 19 (CYP19) plays an important role in follicular development, which is regulated by FSH. Although 3,5,3′-tri-iodothyronine (T3) combines with FSH to induce preantral follicle growth and granulosa cell development, the mechanism involved remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which thyroid hormone (TH) and FSH regulate CYP19 expression and sterol biosynthesis during preantral follicle growth. Mice were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with eCG (Equine chorionic gonadotropin). The results showed that eCG increased CYP19 expression in ovarian cells. CYP19 expression in granulosa cells was increased after FSH treatment, and this response was enhanced by T3. Knockdown of CYP19 significantly decreased granulosa cell viability and hormone-stimulated proliferation. In addition, CYP19 knockdown also blocked T3- and FSH-induced oestradiol (E2) synthesis in granulosa cells. Furthermore, activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway was required for T3 and FSH regulation of CYP19 expression. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that CYP19 is important for T3- and FSH-induced granulosa cell development in the early stages. CYP19 could be a downstream effector of the PI3K/Akt pathway in regulating TH and FSH during follicular development and sterol biosynthesis. The findings suggest that CYP19 is a novel mediator of T3- and FSH-induced follicular development.
Sex, drugs and social connectedness: wellbeing among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men who use party-and-play drugs
Authors: Power Jennifer , Mikołajczak Gosia , Bourne Adam , Brown Graham , Leonard William , Lyons Anthony , Dowsett Gary W. , Lucke Jayne
Published: April 2018

Background
This paper explores associations between use of party-and-play drugs, including crystal methamphetamine, and wellbeing among HIV positive gay and bisexual men (GBM) in Australia. This study considers whether use of drugs in a social or sex-based setting facilitates access to social and support networks, which may in turn support wellbeing. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of Australian people living with HIV (PLHIV) was conducted. There were 714 participants (79.7%) who identified as GBM. Differences between party-and-play drug users and non-users were examined using bivariate and multinomial logistic regressions. Mediation analysis examined the indirect effect of drug use on wellbeing via social connectedness and support. Results: One in three participants (29.7%) reported party-and-play drug use within the past 12 months. Only 5% reported regular use. There were no differences between users and non-users on self-reported measures of general health, wellbeing or general social support. Compared with non-users, party-and-play drug users reported higher levels of resilience and lower levels of perceived HIV-related stigma. This was associated with spending more time with other people living with HIV and friends in the gay and lesbian community. Conclusions: While party-and-play drug use poses risks to the health of GBM, the social contexts in which these drugs are used may provide wellbeing benefits, particularly for HIV-positive GBM who may be subject to HIV-related stigma in other settings. Further research is needed to determine whether drug-use facilitates access to social networks or if people with more active social ties are more likely to engage in drug use.
GHSR-D2R heteromerization modulates dopamine signaling through an effect on G protein conformation
Authors: Damian Marjorie , Pons Véronique , Renault Pedro , M’Kadmi Céline , Delort Bartholomé , Hartmann Lucie , Kaya Ali I. , Louet Maxime , Gagne Didier , Ben Haj Salah Khoubaib , Denoyelle Séverine , Ferry Gilles , Boutin Jean A. , Wagner Renaud , Fehrentz Jean-Alain , Martinez Jean , Marie Jacky , Floquet Nicolas , Galès Céline , Mary Sophie , Hamm Heidi E. , Banères Jean-Louis
Published: April 2018

Significance

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the largest cell surface receptor family that transmit their signal through coupling to intracellular partners, such as G proteins. Receptor oligomerization has been shown to be pivotal in this signaling process. To address how oligomerization can impact on signaling in a major physiological process, dopamine signaling, we used a purified GPCR heteromer composed of the ghrelin and dopamine receptors to which we applied a variety of state-of-the-art biochemical and biophysical approaches. By doing so, we provide a direct experimental evidence for a mechanism where receptor heteromerization affects the conformation of the associated G protein. This sheds light on the way a GPCR oligomer can affect G protein activation to modulate signaling.
Molecular mechanism of activation of human musk receptors OR5AN1 and OR1A1 by (
R
)-muscone and diverse other musk-smelling compounds
Authors: Ahmed Lucky , Zhang Yuetian , Block Eric , Buehl Michael , Corr Michael J. , Cormanich Rodrigo A. , Gundala Sivaji , Matsunami Hiroaki , O’Hagan David , Ozbil Mehmet , Pan Yi , Sekharan Sivakumar , Ten Nicholas , Wang Mingan , Yang Mingyan , Zhang Qingzhi , Zhang Ruina , Batista Victor S. , Zhuang Hanyi
Published: April 2018

Significance

While natural musk has been used for 2,000 years in perfumery, and in traditional medicine for its cardioprotective effects, its mode of activating odorant receptors (ORs) is unknown. ORs, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which constitute 40% of all pharmacophore receptors, are also expressed in nonolfactory tissues. Understanding the activation of ORs at the molecular level is challenging due to lack of crystallographic models. By combining site-directed mutagenesis with computational studies of human musk ORs involving 35 chiral and achiral muscone analogues, we propose structural models, including binding site prediction and responsible amino acid residues identification. Our studies of musk-responsive ORs should assist the study of the pharmacological effects of musks involving non-OR GPCRs.
Ultradian rhythmicity of plasma cortisol is necessary for normal emotional and cognitive responses in man
Authors: Kalafatakis K. , Russell G. M. , Harmer C. J. , Munafo M. R. , Marchant N. , Wilson A. , Brooks J. C. , Durant C. , Thakrar J. , Murphy P. , Thai N. J. , Lightman S. L.
Published: April 2018

Significance

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is a critical neurohormonal network regulating homeostasis and coordinating stress responses. Here we demonstrate that an oscillating pattern of plasma cortisol is important for maintenance of healthy brain responses as measured by functional neuroimaging and behavioral testing. Our data highlight the crucial role of glucocorticoid rhythmicity in (
i
) modulating sleep behavior and working memory performance, and (
ii
) regulating the human brain’s responses under emotional stimulation. Current optimal cortisol replacement therapies for patients with primary or secondary adrenal insufficiently are associated with poor psychological status, and these results suggest that closer attention to aspects of chronotherapy will benefit these patients and may also have major implications for improved glucocorticoid dynamics in stress and psychiatric disease.
Genomic insights into the origin and diversification of late maritime hunter-gatherers from the Chilean Patagonia
Authors: de la Fuente Constanza , Ávila-Arcos María C. , Galimany Jacqueline , Carpenter Meredith L. , Homburger Julian R. , Blanco Alejandro , Contreras Paloma , Cruz Dávalos Diana , Reyes Omar , San Roman Manuel , Moreno-Estrada Andrés , Campos Paula F. , Eng Celeste , Huntsman Scott , Burchard Esteban G. , Malaspinas Anna-Sapfo , Bustamante Carlos D. , Willerslev Eske , Llop Elena , Verdugo Ricardo A. , Moraga Mauricio
Published: April 2018

Significance

Recent genomic studies of ancient and modern humans from the Americas have given a comprehensive view of the peopling of the continent. However, regional characterization of ancient and modern individuals is lacking, being key to unveiling fine-scale differences within the continent. We present genome-wide analyses of ancient and modern individuals from South America from Western Patagonia. We found a strong affinity between modern and ancient individuals from the region, providing evidence of continuity in the region for the last ∼1,000 years and regional genetic structure within Southern South America. In particular, the analysis of these ancient genomes helps address questions related to the maritime tradition in the region and its diversification posterior to the split from terrestrial hunter-gatherers.
In vivo CRISPR screening unveils histone demethylase UTX as an important epigenetic regulator in lung tumorigenesis
Authors: Wu Qibiao , Tian Yahui , Zhang Jian , Tong Xinyuan , Huang Hsinyi , Li Shuai , Zhao Hong , Tang Ying , Yuan Chongze , Wang Kun , Fang Zhaoyuan , Gao Lei , Hu Xin , Li Fuming , Qin Zhen , Yao Shun , Chen Ting , Chen Haiquan , Zhang Gong , Liu Wanting , Sun Yihua , Chen Luonan , Wong Kwok-Kin , Ge Kai , Chen Liang , Ji Hongbin
Published: April 2018

Significance

Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) play important roles in lung cancer initiation, progression, and even metastasis. Here, we take advantage of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9-mediated screening in vivo technique to identify multiple tumor suppressor genes contributing to lung cancer malignant progression. Using genetically engineered mouse models, we further confirm the tumor-suppressive role of epigenetic regulator UTX and provide therapeutic implications for UTX-deficient lung tumors. Thus, our work provides a systematic screening of TSGs in vivo and demonstrates UTX functions as the important epigenetic regulator in lung tumorigenesis.
Physical interaction of junctophilin and the Ca
V
1.1 C terminus is crucial for skeletal muscle contraction
Authors: Nakada Tsutomu , Kashihara Toshihide , Komatsu Masatoshi , Kojima Katsuhiko , Takeshita Toshikazu , Yamada Mitsuhiko
Published: April 2018

Significance

For robust contraction of skeletal muscles, the L-type calcium channel acts as a key molecule by transducing membrane depolarization to calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Proper intracellular localization of L-type calcium channels at the junctional membrane complex where the plasma membranes are closely apposed to the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is necessary for this process. Junctophilins are known to stabilize the structure of the junctional membrane complex by bridging the plasma membrane and the sarcoplasmic membrane. We report that junctophilins recruit L-type calcium channels to the junctional membrane through physical interaction with the Ca
V
1.1 subunits of the channels. This protein–protein interaction at triads ensures efficient contraction in differentiated adult skeletal muscle.
Crystal structures of a pentameric ion channel gated by alkaline pH show a widely open pore and identify a cavity for modulation
Authors: Hu Haidai , Nemecz Ákos , Van Renterghem Catherine , Fourati Zaineb , Sauguet Ludovic , Corringer Pierre-Jean , Delarue Marc
Published: April 2018

Significance

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) mediate fast signal transduction in animal nerve cells through neurotransmitters. Mutation of some of these receptors in the brain causes severe nervous system diseases. The high sequence diversity of prokaryotic receptors makes them unique model systems to understand evolutionary conservation in gating and sensitivity to allosteric modulators. We present the 2.3 Å X-ray structure of a pLGIC (sTeLIC) from a gammaproteobacteria that is activated at alkaline pH. The structure at pH 8.0 displays an unusually open pore. It is unchanged, but less flexible, in the presence of a positive allosteric modulator that binds in a cavity where benzodiazepines are found in
Erwinia chrysanthemi
pLGIC. This cavity is also present (and druggable) in the 5HT
3
-receptor.
TMEM59 potentiates Wnt signaling by promoting signalosome formation
Authors: Gerlach Jan P. , Jordens Ingrid , Tauriello Daniele V. F. , van ‘t Land-Kuper Ineke , Bugter Jeroen M. , Noordstra Ivar , van der Kooij Johanneke , Low Teck Y. , Pimentel-Muiños Felipe X. , Xanthakis Despina , Fenderico Nicola , Rabouille Catherine , Heck Albert J. R. , Egan David A. , Maurice Madelon M.
Published: April 2018

Significance

Wnt/β-catenin signaling is crucial for adult homeostasis and stem cell maintenance, and its dysregulation is strongly associated to cancer. Upon Wnt binding, Wnt receptors assemble into large complexes called signalosomes that provide a platform for interactions with downstream effector proteins. The assembly and regulation of these signalosomes remains largely elusive. Here, we use internally tagged Wnt ligands as a tool to isolate and analyze the composition and regulation of endogenous Wnt receptor complexes. We identify a positive regulator of Wnt signaling that facilitates signalosome formation by promoting intramembrane receptor interactions. Our results reveal that the assembly of multiprotein Wnt signalosomes proceeds along well-ordered steps and involves regulated intramembrane interactions.
Genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies FAM49B as a key regulator of actin dynamics and T cell activation
Authors: Shang Wanjing , Jiang Yong , Boettcher Michael , Ding Kang , Mollenauer Marianne , Liu Zhongyi , Wen Xiaofeng , Liu Chang , Hao Piliang , Zhao Suwen , McManus Michael T. , Wei Lai , Weiss Arthur , Wang Haopeng
Published: April 2018

Significance

Recent success of T cell-based cancer immunotherapies highlights the importance of further understanding molecular mechanisms in the regulation of T cell responsiveness. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen to identify genes that regulate T cell activation upon anti-T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Our screen confirmed many of the known regulators in proximal T cell signaling. Moreover, we identified a previously uncharacterized gene named FAM49B, which acts as a negative regulator in T cell activation. Our study suggests that genome-wide CRISPR screening is a powerful means to identify key regulators of TCR signaling. The same strategy could be applied to CD28-mediated costimulatory signaling or PD-1–mediated coinhibitory signaling. The unbiased approach presented here may allow us to identify new therapeutic targets for cancer immunotherapy.
Neural precursors of future liking and affective reciprocity
Authors: Zerubavel Noam , Hoffman Mark Anthony , Reich Adam , Ochsner Kevin N. , Bearman Peter
Published: April 2018

Significance

When joining a group, we may initially like some individuals more than others. Likewise, certain group members may be particularly drawn to us. Over months of interaction, these attractions inevitably change and typically become reciprocated. This study uses fMRI to predict such changes in liking. Specifically, we measure newly acquainted group members’ reward system responses to images of one another’s faces. We find that T1 neural responses predict whom one will like in the future. More strikingly, we find that others’ T1 neural responses to us predict whom we will like months later, at T2. This brain-based mechanism helps explain how group members’ initially unreciprocated liking sentiments become mutually reciprocated. This study reveals how our brains interdependently shape interpersonal relationships.
Do bilinguals create two different sets of vocabulary for two domains?
Authors: Montanari Elke G. , Abel Roman , Graßer Barbara , Tschudinovski Lilia
Published: April 2018

The central research question is how intensive exposure to the majority language at school affects the development of vocabulary.
In a cross-sectional study with a longitudinal subsample follow-up, we investigated the development of vocabulary during the first
four years at school, as vocabulary development is considered an important factor regarding bilingual children’s success at
school. The sample consisted of 126 bilingual Russian/German-speaking children aged 6;0 to 10;11 years in Germany, who were tested
for expressive and receptive vocabulary using a picture naming task.

Our results show that while the majority language is acquired at an expected rate, the heritage language’s extensive vocabulary
does not develop further over the course of primary school attendance. The overlap of the vocabularies increases. Additionally,
the number of items that are named exclusively in the majority language increases, whereas the number of items that are named
exclusively in the heritage language decreases.