bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Composite Vernacular Constructions
Authors: Lewis Miles
Published: May 2020

Vernacular building is the building for ordinary people, constrained by the practicalities of environmental conditions and physical materials, and influenced by traditional culture, but not mediated by professional architects and engineers. Combinations of earth and timber, such as wattle and daub, are found in the vernacular in almost every part of the world, but are a source of great confusion to archaeologists and scholars. Archaeologists are misled by the remains, in which the earth may have survived but the timber usually does not. Techniques such as Lehmwickel are never recognised in archaeological work. There is no common system of naming or classification, and English speakers regularly describe any combination of earth and timber in walling as ‘wattle and daub’. Many of these techniques have been changed by the impact of modern technology, notably pole and pug construction (which is often confused with wattle and daub, though it is quite different in principle); this is essentially a 19th century development because it relies upon plentiful and cheap nails. The purpose of this paper is to establish a common terminology in English, and where possible in other relevant languages, so that misinterpretations are avoided and scholarship can proceed on an orderly basis.
Spatio-temporal distribution of negative emotions on Twitter during floods in Chennai, India, in 2015: a post hoc analysis
Authors: Karmegam Dhivya , Mappillairaju Bagavandas
Published: May 2020

Background

Natural disasters are known to take their psychological toll immediately, and over the long term, on those living through them. Messages posted on Twitter provide an insight into the state of mind of citizens affected by such disasters and provide useful data on the emotional impact on groups of people. In 2015, Chennai, the capital city of Tamil Nadu state in southern India, experienced unprecedented flooding, which subsequently triggered economic losses and had considerable psychological impact on citizens. The objectives of this study are to (i) mine posts to Twitter to extract negative emotions of those posting tweets before, during and after the floods; (ii) examine the spatial and temporal variations of negative emotions across Chennai city via tweets; and (iii) analyse associations in the posts between the emotions observed before, during and after the disaster.

Methods

Using Twitter’s application programming interface, tweets posted at the time of floods were aggregated for detailed categorisation and analysis. The different emotions were extracted and classified by using the National Research Council emotion lexicon. Both an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mixed-effect analysis were performed to assess the temporal variations in negative emotion rates. Global and local Moran’s I statistic were used to understand the spatial distribution and clusters of negative emotions across the Chennai region. Spatial regression was used to analyse over time the association in negative emotion rates from the tweets.

Results

In the 5696 tweets analysed around the time of the floods, negative emotions were in evidence 17.02% before, 29.45% during and 11.39% after the floods. The rates of negative emotions showed significant variation between tweets sent before, during and after the disaster. Negative emotions were highest at the time of disaster’s peak and reduced considerably post disaster in all wards of Chennai. Spatial clusters of wards with high negative emotion rates were identified.

Conclusions

Spatial analysis of emotions expressed on Twitter during disasters helps to identify geographic areas with high negative emotions and areas needing immediate emotional support. Analysing emotions temporally provides insight into early identification of mental health issues, and their consequences, for those affected by disasters.
The effects of combined magnesium and zinc supplementation on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease
Authors: Hamedifard Zahra , Farrokhian Alireza , Reiner Željko , Bahmani Fereshteh , Asemi Zatollah , Ghotbi Maryam , Taghizadeh Mohsen
Published: May 2020

Background

The present research aimed to analyze the impacts of magnesium and zinc supplements on glycemic control, serum lipids, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients suffering from coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

According to the research design, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial has been implemented on 60 subjects suffering from CHD and T2DM. Therefore, participants have been randomly divided into 2 groups for taking placebo (n = 30) or 250 mg magnesium oxide plus 150 mg zinc sulfate (n = 30) for 12 weeks.

Results

Magnesium and zinc significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (β − 9.44 mg/dL, 95% CI, − 18.30, − 0.57; P = 0.03) and insulin levels (β − 1.37 μIU/mL, 95% CI, − 2.57, − 0.18; P = 0.02). Moreover, HDL-cholesterol levels significantly enhanced (β 2.09 mg/dL, 95% CI, 0.05, 4.13; P = 0.04) in comparison to the placebo. There was an association between magnesium and zinc intake, and a significant decrease of C-reactive protein (CRP) (β − 0.85 mg/L, 95% CI, − 1.26, − 0.45; P < 0.001), a significant increase in total nitrite (β 5.13 μmol/L, 95% CI, 1.85, 8.41; P = 0.003) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (β 43.44 mmol/L, 95% CI, 3.39, 83.50; P = 0.03) when compared with placebo. Furthermore, magnesium and zinc significantly reduced the Beck Depression Inventory index (BDI) (β − 1.66; 95% CI, − 3.32, − 0.009; P = 0.04) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (β − 1.30; 95% CI, − 2.43, − 0.16; P = 0.02) when compared with the placebo.

Conclusions

In patients with T2DM and CHD, the 12-week intake of magnesium plus zinc had beneficial effects on FPG, HDL-cholesterol, CRP, insulin, total nitrite, TAC levels, and BDI and BAI score. This suggests that magnesium and zinc co-supplementation may be beneficial for patients with T2DM and CHD. Further studies on more patients and lasting longer are needed to determine the safety of magnesium and zinc co-supplementation.

Trial registration

Current Controlled Trials http://www.irct.ir: IRCT20130211012438N31 at 11 May 2019 of registration. This study retrospectively registered.
TREM2 activation attenuates neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage in mice
Authors: Chen Shengpan , Peng Jianhua , Sherchan Prativa , Ma Yongjie , Xiang Sishi , Yan Feng , Zhao Hao , Jiang Yong , Wang Ning , Zhang John H. , Zhang Hongqi
Published: May 2020

Background

Neuroinflammation is an important host defense response to secondary brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) confers strong neuroprotective effects by attenuating neuroinflammation in experimental ischemic stroke. Recent studies suggest that apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a novel, high-affinity ligand of TREM2. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TREM2 activation on neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in a mouse model of ICH.

Methods

Adult male CD1 mice (n = 216) were subjected to intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase. The TREM2 ligand, apoE-mimetic peptide COG1410 was administered intranasally at 1 h after ICH induction. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, TREM2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 were administered intracerebroventricularly prior to COG1410 treatment. Neurobehavioral tests, brain water content, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and Fluoro-Jade C- and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining were performed.

Results

Endogenous TREM2 expression was increased and peaked at 24 h after ICH. TREM2 was expressed on microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. COG1410 improved both short-term and long-term neurological functions, reduced brain edema, inhibited microglia/macrophage activation and neutrophil infiltration, and suppressed neuronal apoptotic cell death in perihematomal areas after ICH. Knockdown of endogenous TREM2 by TREM2 siRNA aggravated neurological deficits and decreased the expression of TREM2 in naïve and ICH mice. COG1410 was associated with upregulation of TREM2, PI3K, phosphorylated-Akt, and Bcl-2 and downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and Bax after ICH. The neuroprotective effects of COG1410 were abolished by both TREM2 siRNA and PI3K inhibitor LY294002.

Conclusions

Our finding demonstrated that TREM2 activation improved neurological functions and attenuated neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis after ICH, which was, at least in part, mediated by activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, activation of TREM2 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of ICH patients.
Naturalisation in context: how nationality laws and procedures shape immigrants’ interest and ability to acquire nationality in six European countries
Authors: Huddleston Thomas
Published: May 2020

This article focuses on the interest and ability to acquire destination country nationality among non-EU-born adults in six European countries. While a sizeable literature has emerged on nationality policies and acquisition rates among immigrants, the ways that policies affect the acquisition process are less well understood. A key question is how laws and procedures affect the interest of immigrants to acquire nationality and their ability to do so in practice. This article argues that both immigrants’ interest and ability to acquire nationality are largely driven by their context, but in very different ways, depending on their individual, origin and destination country characteristics. The analysis finds that interest to acquire nationality is particularly affected by origin country dual nationality laws and destination country nationality procedures, while destination country nationality laws and procedures are the major determinant of immigrants’ ability to acquire nationality. These findings give citizenship policymakers reason to reflect on the potential impact of their laws and procedures on ability and interest, particularly given the fact that promotional measures and targeted integration support are generally weak across Europe.
Survey of Pasteuria, the parasitic bacterial group to plant parasitic nematodes in Turkey
Authors: Öztürk Lerzan , Behmand Tohid , Avcı Gürkan Güvenç , Bozbuğa Refik , Mirik Mustafa , Elekcioğlu İbrahim Halil
Published: May 2020

The present study was carried out in the agricultural areas of Northwestern Turkey with the purpose to assess the occurrence ofPasteuriaspp. bacteria on plant-parasitic nematodes. The soil samples were collected from olive, cherry, peach, pear, almond, walnut, apple orchards, vineyards, vegetable, and sunflower fields, analyzed and the bacterium was detected on 30 nematode species belonging to 31 families. Nematode individuals fromRotylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Tylenchorrhynchus, andGeocenamusspp. were most frequently infected while the average height and width of the spore core and endospore ranged between 3.70-4.90 and 1.40-2.37 μm, respectively. The results indicated thatHelicotylenchus digonicus,Pratylenchus thornei,P. neglectus,Geocenamus brevidens, Tylenchhorhynchus cylindricus,Rotylenchus cypriensis,Meloidogyne javanica, andM.incognitaindividuals were the most parasitized by the bacterium.
Telehealth Is a Sustainable Population Health Strategy to Lower Costs and Increase Quality of Health Care in Rural Utah
Authors: Thota Ramya , Gill David M. , Brant Jamie L. , Yeatman Timothy J. , Haslem Derrick S.
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE:

A telehealth oncology practice was created to care for patients in rural communities to improve access to health care, decrease financial burdens, and save time.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Patients with cancer at Sevier Valley Hospital in Richfield, Utah, were treated with a real-time video-based telehealth program under the care of an oncologist at a tertiary medical center. Data on financial savings, travel hours, mileage avoided, carbon emissions reduced, and revenue retained by Sevier Valley Hospital were collected from 2015 to 2018.

RESULTS:

From 2015 to 2018, 119 patients with cancer in Richfield, Utah, were treated with telehealth for oncology visits, accounting for 1,025 patient encounters. On average, patients saved 4 hours and 40 minutes and 332 miles roundtrip per encounter. In total, patients’ savings were estimated to be $333,074. Carbon emissions were reduced by approximately 150,000 kg. Of new patient referrals, 59% were for solid tumors (70 of 119 referrals; 42 metastatic and 28 nonmetastatic cancers), and 41% were hematology consultations (49 of 119 referrals; 28 classical and 21 malignant hematologic conditions). We estimate that Sevier Valley Hospital retained $3,605,500 in revenue over this 4-year period.

CONCLUSION:

Using a telehealth program in rural Utah, patients with cancer benefited from substantial time and monetary savings. The local medical center was able to retain revenue it would have otherwise lost to outsourcing cancer care. Recent regulatory changes to address the COVID-19 pandemic should increase the number of patients with cancer treated via telehealth nationwide.
Disaster Preparedness and Social Justice in a Public Health Emergency
Authors: Pollack Harold A.
Published: May 2020

The United States is now experiencing public health catastrophe on a scale not seen for more than a century. COVID-19 puts into stark relief the mutual obligations that reflect interdependence among participants in a common society. Drawing on the work of Amartya Sen concerning famine and related challenges, the author discusses the accompanying implications for social justice. Social justice in catastrophe requires strong social insurance structures and legal protections for the most vulnerable people, who would otherwise lack economic resources and political influence to protect their essential interests. Social justice also requires greater and more sustained attention to disaster preparedness and public health infrastructure—both of which are characteristically neglected, in part because the public health enterprise is identified with politically weak and often stigmatized populations.
Snail induces epithelial cell extrusion by regulating RhoA contractile signalling and cell–matrix adhesion
Authors: Wee Kenneth , Hediyeh-zadeh Soroor , Duszyc Kinga , Verma Suzie , Nanavati Bageshri N. , Khare Satyajeet , Varma Amrita , Daly Roger J. , Yap Alpha S. , Davis Melissa J. , Budnar Srikanth
Published: May 2020

Cell extrusion is a morphogenetic process that is implicated in epithelial homeostasis and elicited by stimuli ranging from apoptosis to oncogenic transformation. To explore whether the morphogenetic transcription factor Snail (SNAI1) induces extrusion, we inducibly expressed a stabilized Snail6SA transgene in confluent MCF-7 monolayers. When expressed in small clusters (less than three cells) within otherwise wild-type confluent monolayers, Snail6SA expression induced apical cell extrusion. In contrast, larger clusters or homogenous cultures of Snail6SA cells did not show enhanced apical extrusion, but eventually displayed sporadic basal delamination. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that Snail6SA did not substantively alter the balance of epithelial and mesenchymal genes. However, we identified a transcriptional network that led to upregulated RhoA signalling and cortical contractility in cells expressing Snail6SA. Enhanced contractility was necessary, but not sufficient, to drive extrusion, suggesting that Snail collaborates with other factors. Indeed, we found that the transcriptional downregulation of cell–matrix adhesion cooperates with contractility to mediate basal delamination. This provides a pathway for Snail to influence epithelial morphogenesis independently of classic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Turnover Liquidity and the Transmission of Monetary Policy
Authors: Lagos Ricardo , Zhang Shengxing
Published: May 2020

We provide empirical evidence of a novel liquidity-based transmission mechanism through which monetary policy influences asset markets, develop a model of this mechanism, and assess the ability of the quantitative theory to match the evidence. (JEL E44, E52, G12, G14, G35)
Revealed Preferences over Risk and Uncertainty
Authors: Polisson Matthew , Quah John K.-H. , Renou Ludovic
Published: May 2020

We develop a nonparametric method, called Generalized Restriction of Infinite Domains (GRID), for testing the consistency of budgetary choice data with models of choice under risk and under uncertainty. Our test can allow for risk-loving and elation-seeking attitudes, or it can require risk aversion. It can also be used to calculate, via Afriat’s efficiency index, the magnitude of violations from a particular model. We evaluate the performance of various models under risk (expected utility, disappointment aversion, rank-dependent utility, and stochastically monotone utility) using data collected from several recent portfolio choice experiments. (JEL C14, D11, D12, D81)
Regulation by Shaming: Deterrence Effects of Publicizing Violations of Workplace Safety and Health Laws
Authors: Johnson Matthew S.
Published: May 2020

Publicizing firms’ socially undesirable actions may enhance firms’ incentives to avoid such actions. In 2009, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) began issuing press releases about facilities that violated safety and health regulations. Using quasi-random variation arising from a cutoff rule OSHA followed, I find that publicizing a facility’s violations led other facilities to substantially improve their compliance and experience fewer occupational injuries. OSHA would need to conduct 210 additional inspections to achieve the same improvement in compliance as achieved with a single press release. Evidence suggests that employers improve compliance to avoid costly responses from workers. (JEL J28, J81, K32, L51, M54)
High prevalence of peribronchial focal lesions of airway invasive aspergillosis in hematological cancer patients with prolonged neutropenia
Authors: Casutt Alessio , Couchepin Jade , Brunel Anne-Sophie , Lovis Alban , Bochud Pierre-Yves , Keller Nathalie , Lamoth Frédéric , Beigelman-Aubry Catherine
Published: May 2020

Objective:

The aim of this study is to characterize chest CT findings of neutropenic patients with proven/probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA).

Methods:

Hematological cancer patients admitted to our institution (2007–2017) were retrospectively enrolled if the diagnostic criteria of proven/probable IPA during the neutropenia were met (EORTC/MSG). Galactomannan (GM) was routinely measured in serum and chest CT-scan was routinely performed in case of recurrent/persistent fever. Bronchoscopy was performed in case of chest CT-scan abnormalities. Chest CT-scan and GM dosage were analyzed at the time of IPA suspicion. Chest lesions were classified using a clinical report form by two expert radiologists.

Results:

35 patients were identified. Peribronchial focal lesions were observed in 29 IPA (82.9%) by the first radiologist and in 31 (88.5%) by the second (k = 0.768). 12 weeks mortality was 20%.

Conclusion:

Peribronchial focal lesions are a common finding in early-IPA whatever the GM value during neutropenia and our findings reinforce the efficiency of a preemptive approach.

Advances in knowledge;

Peribronchial focal lesions, which are classically described in airway invasive aspergillosis, are a common finding in early-IPA in hematological cancer patients with prolonged neutropenia regardless of the GM value, and such peribronchial lesions should reinforce the possibility of IPA.
An Approximation Approach for Response-Adaptive Clinical Trial Design
Authors: Ahuja Vishal , Birge John R.
Published: May 2020

Multiarmed bandit (MAB) problems, typically modeled as Markov decision processes (MDPs), exemplify the learning versus earning trade-off. An area that has motivated theoretical research in MAB designs is the study of clinical trials, where the application of such designs has the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes. However, for many practical problems of interest, the state space is intractably large, rendering exact approaches to solving MDPs impractical. In particular, settings that require multiple simultaneous allocations lead to an expanded state and action-outcome space, necessitating the use of approximation approaches. We propose a novel approximation approach that combines the strengths of multiple methods: grid-based state discretization, value function approximation methods, and techniques for a computationally efficient implementation. The hallmark of our approach is the accurate approximation of the value function that combines linear interpolation with bounds on interpolated value and the addition of a learning component to the objective function. Computational analysis on relevant datasets shows that our approach outperforms existing heuristics (e.g., greedy and upper confidence bound family of algorithms) and a popular Lagrangian-based approximation method, where we find that the average regret improves by up to 58.3%. A retrospective implementation on a recently conducted phase 3 clinical trial shows that our design could have reduced the number of failures by 17% relative to the randomized control design used in that trial. Our proposed approach makes it practically feasible for trial administrators and regulators to implement Bayesian response-adaptive designs on large clinical trials with potential significant gains.
The Risky Side of Leadership: Conceptualizing Risk Perceptions in Informal Leadership and Investigating the Effects of Their Over-Time Changes in Teams
Authors: Zhang Chen , Nahrgang Jennifer D. , Ashford Susan J. , DeRue D. Scott
Published: May 2020

Despite the common portrait of leadership as a worthy, needed, and frequently rewarded endeavor, individuals do not always step up to lead as informal leaders in their teams. In the present research, we introduce the idea of leadership risk perceptions, arguing that individuals sometimes see risks for themselves if they step up to lead. We conceptualize three types of leadership risk perceptions (interpersonal, image, and instrumental) and investigate how changes in these risk perceptions over time impact the overall level of informal leadership that individuals contribute in their teams, as well as how these risk perceptions’ change trajectories are shaped by the level of conflict in a team. To address these issues, we conducted a series of studies, exploring the relevance of the three risk perceptions qualitatively, developing measures for them, and then testing our hypotheses in a field study following 454 individuals working in 89 master of business administration (MBA) consulting teams. We found that a decrease in an individual’s leadership risk perceptions over time was related to the individual’s overall informal leadership contributions in the team, though the pattern of relationship was not the same for all three risk perceptions. Furthermore, in teams with higher levels of relationship conflict, interpersonal and image risk perceptions decreased less over time, suggesting the importance of the social context in shaping perceived risks. Overall, this research calls attention to the much under-investigated risky side of leadership and highlights a temporal approach to understanding the impact of leadership risk perceptions.
Safe and effective use of phototherapy and photochemotherapy in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Campbell Joanna
Published: May 2020

Psoriasis is a chronic, multisystem inflammatory disease, predominantly affecting the skin and joints, which is present in 2−3% of the world's population. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and Psoralen + ultraviolet A (PUVA) are recognised, effective and, in the case of UVB, economical second-line treatments for psoriasis where topical therapies fail to control the disease or are an impracticable option due to the extent of skin involvement. This article examines the history of phototherapy and photochemotherapy and looks at current phototherapy treatments used for psoriasis. It discusses side effects of treatment and regimens that can be followed to increase effectiveness of treatment and minimise risks. The role of the nurse phototherapist is also discussed.
These are the hands that care
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: May 2020

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers how leaders can help their staff in times of stress, grief and bereavement during the current pandemic
Socially distanced patient care
Authors: Fairhall Megan
Published: May 2020

Megan Fairhall reveals how to create a relatable online presence while providing oral health advice and reassurance during these unprecedented times
George and the Happy Tooth
Authors: Dullaghan's Katie
Published: May 2020

Katie Dullaghan's mission is to reduce hospital admissions and dental pain among children across the UK. Here, the oral health educator shares her dream
A knockout world of work
Authors: Lock Michelle
Published: May 2020

Michelle Lock is a qualified dental nurse and Boxercise instructor. Here, she reveals how she is balancing work with pleasure
Appearances matter
Authors: Meldrum Eloise
Published: May 2020

Eloise Meldrum considers professional self-image, dental nursing and patient perception
L''aflorament del paper de les dones a la cartografia i la geologia : aportacions des de la Cartoteca de Catalunya.
Authors: Ramos Espinosa Noelia
Published: May 2020

This article describes the activities designed by the Map Library of Catalonia to draw attention to the contributions of women to Earth sciences, a field traditionally dominated by men. The Library’s two main lines of action are the organization of exhibitions to bring its holdings to a wider public, and its project to develop more gender-balanced collections.
Design of a panoramic annular lens with ultrawide angle and small blind area
Authors: Zhang Kun , Zhong Xing , Zhang Lei , Zhang Tianqing
Published: May 2020

A panoramic annular lens (PAL) comprises a panoramic annular head unit (PAHU) and a relay lens group. Due to the properties of annular imaging, single-channel PAL systems contain a blind area in the central field of view (FOV), which is difficult to reduce in a traditional optical system structure. Therefore, we propose a novel reflective PAHU structure, using two mirrors to replace the traditional single-lens- or multilens-cemented PAHU, to achieve a smaller blind area and ultrawide-angle imaging. In this paper, we present the design of an ultrawide-angle PAL with a FOV of

(

22

∘

∼

120

∘

)
×

360

∘

using our proposed method. The resulting optical system achieves a blind area ratio of less than 3.67%. Compared with the traditional PAL system with the lowest blind area ratio, the blind area ratio of our system is reduced by half, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed method.
Interference femtosecond laser stamping of micro-grating structures and time-resolved observation of its dynamics
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Guo Qitong , Wang Sumei , Zhu Weihua , Tian Feng , Wei Yuyin , Ji Pengfei , Li Xin , Yang Jinpeng
Published: May 2020

Selective slicing on a 100 nm thick ZnO film deposited on a Si substrate is achieved by an interference femtosecond (fs) laser stamping. A micro-grating structure with a period of ∼5 µm is completely ablated by an energy-optimized single pulse in one step. The elemental mappings demonstrate complete slice removals of the irradiated areas from the substrate without impurities mixed into the thin film. A calculation of the energy transmitted to the substrate and the characterization of the ablated Si channels infer that the irradiated slices are detached from the substrate by the selective ablation of the thin film and the counterforce of the Si substrate. The temporal and spatial evolution of the grating formation is investigated through a pump-probe microscope using the white light continuum (WLC) as the illumination probe. It is found that the extinctive constructive fringes occur at a delay of 8 picosecond (ps) caused by the increase of electron density. The irradiated slices initially bulge at the delay of 10-12 ps, then subsequently swell until strong material ejections at 800 ps. This study provides an opportunity to advance the understanding of micro-grating fabrications and thin film removals on heterostructures using fs lasers.
Subwavelength grating metamaterial waveguides functionalized with tellurium oxide cladding
Authors: Naraine Cameron M. , Miller Jeremy W. , Frankis Henry C. , Hagan David E. , Mascher Peter , Schmid Jens H. , Cheben Pavel , Knights Andrew P. , Bradley Jonathan D. B.
Published: May 2020

We report on the design, fabrication and characterization of subwavelength grating metamaterial waveguides coated with tellurium oxide. The structures are first fabricated using a standard CMOS compatible process on a silicon-on-insulator platform. Amorphous tellurium oxide top cladding material is then deposited via post-process RF magnetron sputtering. The photonic bandstructure is controlled by adjustment of the device geometry, opening a wide range of operating regimes, including subwavelength propagation, slow light and the photonic bandgap, for various wavelength bands within the 1550 nm telecommunications window. Propagation loss of 1.0 ± 0.1 dB/mm is reported for the tellurium oxide-cladded device, compared to 1.5 ± 0.1 dB/mm propagation loss reported for the silicon dioxide-cladded reference structure. This is the first time that a high-index (n > 2) oxide cladding has been demonstrated for subwavelength grating metamaterial waveguides, thus introducing a new material platform for on-chip integrated optics.
Metasurface with metallic nanoantennas and graphene nanoslits for sensing of protein monolayers and sub-monolayers
Authors: Ye Ming , Crozier Kenneth B.
Published: May 2020

Biomolecule sensing plays an important role in both fundamental biological studies and medical diagnostic applications. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy presents opportunities for sensing biomolecules as it allows their fingerprints to be determined by directly measuring their absorption spectra. However, the detection of biomolecules at low concentrations is difficult with conventional IR spectroscopy due to signal-to-noise considerations. This has led to recent interest on the use of nanostructured surfaces to boost the signals from biomolecules in a method termed surface enhanced infrared spectroscopy. So far, efforts have largely involved the use of metallic nanoantennas (which produce large field enhancement) or graphene nanostructures (which produce strong field confinement and provide electrical tunability). Here, we propose a nanostructured surface that combines the large field enhancement of metallic nanoantennas with the strong field confinement and electrical tunability of graphene plasmons. Our device consists of an array of plasmonic nanoantennas and graphene nanoslits on a resonant substrate. We perform systematic electromagnetic simulations to quantify the sensing performance of the proposed device and show that it outperforms designs in which only plasmons from metallic nanoantennas or plasmons from graphene are utilized. These investigations consider the model system of a representative protein-goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) – in monolayer or sub-monolayer form. Our findings provide guidance for future biosensors for the sensitive quantification and identification of biomolecules.
Homosocial or homoerotic: A re-reading of gender and sexuality in Harry Potter through fanfiction
Authors: Dow Nardeen
Published: May 2020

The Harry Potter novels present their readers with traditional views of masculinity, male dominance and, by extension, female subjugation. Although the books may appear to portray female characters as strong and independent, the text focuses on outmoded ideas of male heroism. While many critics have discussed related topics like female power and sexuality in Rowling’s novels, this article focuses on the power structure at play and on the underlying homoerotic subtexts in the source text by making use of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick’s concept of homosociality. In addition, the article relies on fanfiction stories to shed light on the hidden homoerotic subtexts in the novels and examines the ways in which fanfiction allows and promotes a fluidity between homosocial and homosexual bonds between men. This article attempts to find answers to how fanfiction enables the readers to imagine male intimacy and what premises these stories consider. The article claims that fanfiction stories broaden Sedgwick’s term by combining male homosocial relationships with intimacy and non-homophobia and exposing the homosexual continuum in already written texts. The article further suggests that fanfiction can be considered a utopian place/space where male intimacy can be imagined.
Heroes, Heroines and Everything in between: Challenging Gender and Sexuality Stereotypes in Children’s Entertainment Media, C. D. Reinhard and C. J. Olson (eds) (2017)
Authors: Stachowiak Dana M.
Published: May 2020

Review of: Heroes, Heroines and Everything in between: Challenging Gender and Sexuality Stereotypes in Children’s Entertainment Media, C. D. Reinhard and C. J. Olson (eds) (2017)

Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 270 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-49853-957-9, h/bk, $105.00

ISBN 978-1-49853-957-9, eBook, $99.00
OS AVANÇOS TECNOLÓGICOS E A PRECARIZAÇÃO DAS RELAÇÕES DE TRABALHO: A NECESSIDADE DE ESPAÇOS TRANSNACIONAIS PROTETIVOS
Authors: Tonial Maira Angélica , Garcia Marcos Leite
Published: May 2020

Tecendo considerações preliminares sobre o fenômeno da quarta revolução industrial e seus impactos nas relações laborais, o presente artigo traz o registro de uma abordagem sobre os direitos fundamentais, em especial os sociais. Aborda-se, mais especificamente, desde a origem até a mitigação dos direitos fundamentais sociais trabalhistas. Sustenta-se, a partir da constatação da recente e cada vez mais crescente precarização, a necessidade de Estados fortes, que possam barrar os impactos negativos dos fenômenos de globalização da economia, bem como se argumenta pela necessidade de criação de espaços transnacionais aparelhados de modo a servir a defesa dos direitos fundamentais, além de sua constante concretização.
BENEFÍCIO DE PRESTAÇÃO CONTINUADA TEMPORÁRIO PARA CRIANÇAS ACOMETIDAS PELA SÍNDROME CONGÊNITA DO ZIKA VÍRUS: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA SOBRE SEU POTENCIAL DE AMPLIAÇÃO DA PROTEÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Araújo Hellen Nicácio de , Bussinguer Elda Coelho de Azevedo
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo realiza uma análise crítica do Benefício de Prestação Continuada Temporário concedido às crianças acometidas pela Síndrome Congênita do Zika Vírus, objetivando compreender o seu potencial de ampliação da proteção social a esse grupo vulnerável. Assim, após um exaustivo rastreamento bibliográfico e documental, sob a perspectiva dialética crítica, analisamos o Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) como política pública de assistência social; discutimos as características do benefício instituído pela Lei n.º 13.301/16, comparando-o com o regramento geral para concessão do BPC para pessoas com deficiências; e, por fim, analisamos se o Benefício de Prestação Continuada Temporário tem potencial para ampliar a proteção social para as crianças com a referida síndrome. Concluímos que essa política pública não tem potencial para ampliar a proteção social para as crianças vitimadas pelo Zika Vírus, estabelecendo verdadeira restrição do sistema de assistência social já existente no Brasil, violando o princípio da proibição do retrocesso social.
Neologia e formações terminológicas nos domínios em interseção
Authors: Luz Freitas Márcia de Souza
Published: May 2020

A Engenharia Biomédica é um domínio emergente multi- e interdisciplinar cuja origem revela uma série de domínios ancestrais. Consequentemente sua terminologia permite identificar estratos terminológicos desses vários domínios. Neste artigo propõe-se discutir aspectos neológicos observados na terminologia desse domínio emergente, considerando os conjuntos vocabulares dos domínios ancestrais que o irrigam. A partir do processamento textual de produções acadêmicas da área, analisam-se alguns neologismos encontrados e descrevem-se duas construções-modelo observadas no processo de criação terminológica.
Memes
Authors: Silveira Letícia Pena
Published: May 2020

Este artigo teve como objetivo investigar a existência de neologismos em memes, textos predominantes em ambientes cibernéticos. Analisaram-se os neologismos baseando-se na Neologia, que compreende, segundo Ferraz (2010), três tipos: a neologia formal, a neologia semântica e a neologia por empréstimos. Utilizou-se o critério lexicográfico, em que foram selecionadas quatro obras para a exclusão do termo: Vocabulário Ortográfico da Língua Portuguesa, Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, O Novo Dicionário Aurélio da Língua Portuguesa e Caldas Aulete Digital. Ao fim da pesquisa, verificou-se que os neologismos são interessantes ferramentas de ensino nas aulas de língua portuguesa, visto que confirmam o domínio do falante da língua em relação aos processos de formação de palavras. Ademais, o ensino por meio da exploração dos neologismos em memes pode possibilitar um desenvolvimento da competência criativa e, principalmente, lexical do falante.
Izolacje i dewiacje… O Sienkiewiczu, narodzie i (turbo)patriotyzmie
Authors: Waligóra Janusz
Published: May 2020

Treścią artykułu jest krytyczna lektura Sienkiewiczowskiego Latarnika w kontekście szkolnych uwarunkowań jego odbioru. Interpretacja noweli wpisuje się w szerszy namysł nad modelem polskiego patriotyzmu, który czerpie swe inspiracje i siły z kultury XIX wieku i który – niejako w opozycji do współczesnej sytuacji geopolitycznej, gospodarczej i społecznej – bywa promowany w przestrzeni publicznej, także przez reformowaną szkołę. Żywotność romantycznego paradygmatu wraz z tendencjami do swoistego polonocentryzmu skłaniają autora do refleksji nad formułą obecności Polski w nowoczesnym, wielokulturowym, dynamicznie zmieniającym się świecie. Główny akcent pada na konflikt dwóch porządków, w jakie wpisuje się los bohatera – uniwersalnego, czyli egzystencjalnego oraz partykularnego, czyli polskiego, co samo w sobie daje efekt przeciwstawienia Polaka światu. Autor zwraca również uwagę na mistyczno-eucharystyczne zabarwienie finalnych scen Latarnika, uwznioślające nagły atak nostalgii przeżywanej przez Skawińskiego. W ten sposób polskość zyskuje status sacrum, a narrator-ideolog zwycięża nad narratorem-psychologiem i myślicielem. Czytany w planie aksjologiczno-antropologicznym jawi się z kolei bohater jako „wytwór kultury polskiej”, która wyżej ceni sobie heroiczne zrywy i romantyczne wzloty niż codzienną pracę i mało widowiskową sumienność.
Niewiedza obywatelska uczniów – nowy problem polonisty?
Authors: Niesporek-Szamburska Bernadeta
Published: May 2020

Autorka przedstawia w opracowaniu problem szkolnej edukacji obywatelskiej. Opierając się na faktach z literatury przedmiotu oraz na wynikach badania przeprowadzonego wśród 13- i 16-letnich uczniów, wskazuje na ich niewielką wiedzę obywatelską. Kolejno odnosi się do analiz podstaw programowych. Pozorne bogactwo treści zderza z wynikami obszernych analiz zespołu badaczy z Katedry Pedagogiki Szkolnej z Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, które odkrywają w treściach podstaw programowych ubóstwo kategorii związanych z kompetencjami obywatelskimi. Na koniec badaczka odwołuje się do polonistycznych praktyk edukacyjnych, których autorzy (nauczyciele poloniści) są w stanie nadać kształceniu obywatelskiemu właściwy kształt.
O potrzebie dekolonizacji współczesnych badań nad dzieciństwem i prawami dziecka w krajach Globalnego Południa i Globalnej Północy. Rozważania wstępne
Authors: MARKOWSKA-MANISTA URSZULA
Published: May 2020

Tekst odnosi się do współczesnych badań nad dzieciństwem i prawami dziecka. Podejmuję w nim rozważania nad potrzebą dekolonizacji tych badań z uwagi na zmieniające się uwarunkowania i konteksty życia dzieci, zmieniające się modele dzieciństw oraz sposoby i możliwości funkcjonowania dzieci w XXI wieku. Nowe procesy i przemiany globalne, których najliczniejszą grupę uczestników stanowią dzieci, umożliwiają szerszy wgląd w ich sytuację, aktywizm i jednocześnie wymuszają namysł nad zmianami w podejściach badawczych w prowadzonych badaniach z dziećmi, nad dzieciństwem i o prawach dzieci w krajach Globalnego Południa i Globalnej Północy, którym od trzech dekad towarzyszy Konwencja o prawach dziecka.
Analiza i ocena metod oraz narzędzi badawczych: doniesienie z badania pilotażowego dotyczącego obrazu Innego konstruowanego przez polskich trzecioklasistów
Authors: KWAŚNIEWSKA-PASZTA SANDRA
Published: May 2020

W artykule zostaje przedstawiona analiza oraz ocena narzędzi badawczych wykorzystanych w badaniu pilotażowym, dotyczącym zagadnienia obrazu Innego konstruowanego przez uczniów klas trzecich. Obraz ten ściśle związany jest z określeniem stosunku dzieci do Innego, m.in. poprzez ustalenie ich dystansu społecznego wobec grup innych kulturowo. Badanie to miało charakter mieszany i zawierało zarówno ujęcie jakościowe jak i ilościowe. Ponadto artykuł ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi na istotną kwestię postrzegania Innego kulturowo przez uczniów klas młodszych w kontekście tematyki wielokulturowości jako wyzwania współczesnej polskiej szkoły.
Why “Less is More” in Non-Financial Reporting Initiatives: Concrete Steps Towards Supporting Sustainability
Authors: Tsagas Georgina , Villiers Charlotte
Published: May 2020

Calls are repeatedly made on corporations to respond to the challenges facing the planet from a sustainable development perspective and governments take solace in the idea that corporations' transparency on their corporate activity in relation to sustainability through voluntary reporting is adequately addressing the problem. In practice, however, reporting is failing to deliver truly sustainable results. The article considers the following questions: how does the varied reporting landscape in the field of non-financial reporting impede the objectives of fostering corporations' sustainable practices and which initiative, among the options available, may best meet the sustainability objectives after a decluttering of the landscape takes place?

The article argues that the varied corporate reporting landscape constitutes a key obstacle to fostering sustainable corporate behaviour, insofar as the flexible and please all approach followed in the context of corporate sustainability reporting offers little to no real incentive to companies to behave more sustainably and ultimately pleases none in the long run. The case made is that “less is more” in non-financial reporting initiatives and hence the article calls for a revision of key aspects of the European Non-Financial Reporting Directive, which, as is argued, is more likely to achieve the furtherance of sustainable corporate behaviour. Although the different reporting requirements offer the benefits of focussing on different corporate goals and activities, targeting different audiences and allowing for a level of flexibility that respects the individual risks to sustainability associated with each industry, the end result is a landscape that lacks overall consistency and comparability of measurements and accountabilities, making accountability more, rather than less, difficult to achieve.

The article acknowledges the existence of several variances relating to the notion of sustainability per se, which continues to remain a contested concept and variances between companies and industries in relation to how each is operating sustainably or unsustainably respectively. Such variances have so far inhibited the legislator from easily outlining through tailored legislation the individual risks to global sustainability in an all-encompassing manner. The end product is a chaotic system of financial reporting, CSR reporting, non-financial reporting and integrated reporting and little progress to increase comparability and credibility in order for companies to be held accountable and to behave in ways that do not harm the planet. A “clean up” of the varied initiatives in the terrain of non-financial reporting is recommended.
Enhancement of upconversion luminescence using photonic nanostructures
Authors: Das Ananda , Bae Kyuyoung , Park Wounjhang
Published: May 2020

Lanthanide-based upconversion materials convert low energy infrared photons into high energy visible photons. These materials are of interest in a myriad of applications such as solar energy harvesting, color displays and photocatalysis. Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are also of interest in biological applications as bioimaging and therapeutic agents. However, the intrinsic conversion efficiency of UCNPs remains low for most applications. In this review, we survey the recent work done in increasing the upconversion emission by changing the local electric field experienced by the UCNPs using photonic nanostructures. We review both the underlying theory behind this photonic manipulation as well as experimental demonstrations of enhancement. We discuss the recent developments in the more common plasmonic designs as well as the emerging field of dielectric nanostructures. We find that improvements in design and fabrication of these nanostructures in the last few years have led to reported enhancements of over three orders of magnitude. This large enhancement has been achieved in not only nanostructures on films but also in nanostructures that can be dispersed into solution which is especially relevant for biological applications.
Crystal structure of (4-aminobenzoato-κ2
O,O′)-[5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-κ4
N,N′,N′′,N′′′]nickel(II) perchlorate monohydrate, C23H44ClN5NiO7
Authors: Ou Guang-Chuan , Zhou Qiang , Wang Qiong
Published: May 2020

C23H44ClN5NiO7, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 14.4994(16) Å, b = 19.799(2) Å, c = 20.040(2) Å, V = 5752.9(11) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0409, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1061, T = 173(2) K.
Dynamic triaxial constitutive model for rock subjected to initial stress
Authors: Li Junzhe , Zhang Guang , Liu Mingze , Hu Shaohua , Zhou Xinlong
Published: May 2020

Building on the existing model, an improved constitutive model for rock is proposed and extended in three dimensions. The model can avoid the defect of non-zero dynamic stress at the beginning of impact loading, and the number of parameters is in a suitable range. The three-dimensional expansion method of the component combination model is similar to that of the Hooke spring, which is easy to operate and understand. For the determination of model parameters, the shared parameter estimation method based on the Levenberg–Marquardt and the Universal Global Optimization algorithm is used, which can be well applied to models with parameters that do not change with confinement and strain rates. According to the established dynamic constitutive equation, the stress–strain curve of rock under the coupling action of the initial hydrostatic pressure load and constant strain-rate impact load can be estimated theoretically. By comparing the theoretical curve with the test data, it is shown that the dynamic constitutive model is suitable for the rock under the initial pressure and impact load.