bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lacustrine Wetlands Landscape Simulation and Multi-Scenario Prediction Based on the Patch-Generating Land-Use Simulation Model: A Case Study on Shengjin Lake Reserve, China
Authors: Zheng Zonghong , Wang Jie , Ni Jianhua , Cui Yuhuan , Zhu Qiang
Published: November 2024

Landscape simulation and prediction are crucial for understanding the dynamic evolution and future trends of wetlands. However, only a few existing studies have focused on the applicability and limitations of commonly used land-use/cover change (LUCC) simulation models in lake wetland landscapes. Taking Shengjin Lake Reserve in China as the study area, we firstly analyzed landscape variations during 2010–2020 using multisource remote sensing images. Then, the patch-generating land-use simulation (PLUS) model was employed to simulate wetland landscapes in 2020, the accuracy and limitation of which in simulating lacustrine wetlands were also explored. Lastly, the changing trends of wetland landscapes in 2030 under different development scenarios were predicted. The results show that the landscape of Shengjin Lake Reserve has changed significantly during 2010–2020, with increases in mudflats, reservoirs/ponds, woodlands, and built-up land, and there has been decreases in lakes, grass beaches, and croplands. The PLUS model demonstrated an ideal simulation accuracy for Shengjin Lake Reserve, with the overall accuracy exceeding 80%, kappa coefficient greater than 0.75, and figure of merit (FOM) coefficient of 0.35, indicating that the model can capture the dynamic changes in wetland landscapes accurately. The simulation accuracy can be effectively improved with the adjacent initial year, shorter time interval, and the primary driver factors. Under the natural development scenario, the number of patches in the Shengjin Lake Reserve increased sharply, and landscape fragmentation intensified. Under the urban development scenario, the expansion of built-up land increased, and the average patch area increased. In the ecological protection scenario, the Shannon diversity index and Shannon evenness index of the landscape improved significantly, and the natural wetlands such as grass beaches and lakes can be protected effectively. Our study confirms the applicability of the PLUS model in simulating and predicting lacustrine wetlands landscapes, and the conclusions provide a scientific basis for formulating reasonable development strategies to realize wetland resource conservation and management.
Observability-Based Gaussian Sum Cubature Kalman Filter for Three-Dimensional Target Tracking Using a Single Two-Dimensional Radar
Authors: Jiang Haonan , Zhang Yingjie , Wang Xiaotong , Cai Yuanli
Published: November 2024

This paper considers the problem of tracking a three-dimensional target under the condition that only a single two-dimensional radar is available. Since a two-dimensional radar can only measure the slant range and azimuth information relative to the target, an unobservability issue arises in this tracking application. Therefore, we first investigate the observability issue of tracking a three-dimensional target with a single two-dimensional radar from two perspectives, including intuitive illustration and quantitative analysis. From the perspective of intuitive illustration, we demonstrate “What is the unobservability issue” and “How does the relative target-radar geometry influence the observability of the tracking system”. From the perspective of quantitative analysis, we construct a novel observability metric for this special tracking problem. Second, aiming at improving tracking performance under the unobservability of target height, we propose an observability-based Gaussian sum cubature Kalman filter. Built within the Gaussian sum framework and based on the height-parameterized strategy, this novel algorithm uses a set of independent fifth-degree cubature Kalman filters, each of which can detect the system observability variation and enhance the tracking accuracy by using a Gaussian splitting scheme under low-degree observability. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented filtering algorithm is validated through lots of simulation experiments.
Differential Positioning with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Beacons for UAS Indoor Operations: Analysis and Results
Authors: Ponte Salvatore , Ariante Gennaro , Greco Alberto , Del Core Giuseppe
Published: November 2024

Localization of unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) in indoor scenarios and GNSS-denied environments is a difficult problem, particularly in dynamic scenarios where traditional on-board equipment (such as LiDAR, radar, sonar, camera) may fail. In the framework of autonomous UAS missions, precise feedback on real-time aircraft position is very important, and several technologies alternative to GNSS-based approaches for UAS positioning in indoor navigation have been recently explored. In this paper, we propose a low-cost IPS for UAVs, based on Bluetooth low energy (BLE) beacons, which exploits the RSSI (received signal strength indicator) for distance estimation and positioning. Distance information from measured RSSI values can be degraded by multipath, reflection, and fading that cause unpredictable variability of the RSSI and may lead to poor-quality measurements. To enhance the accuracy of the position estimation, this work applies a differential distance correction (DDC) technique, similar to differential GNSS (DGNSS) and real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. The method uses differential information from a reference station positioned at known coordinates to correct the position of the rover station. A mathematical model was established to analyze the relation between the RSSI and the distance from Bluetooth devices (Eddystone BLE beacons) placed in the indoor operation field. The master reference station was a Raspberry Pi 4 model B, and the rover (unknown target) was an Arduino Nano 33 BLE microcontroller, which was mounted on-board a UAV. Position estimation was achieved by trilateration, and the extended Kalman filter (EKF) was applied, considering the nonlinear propriety of beacon signals to correct data from noise, drift, and bias errors. Experimental results and system performance analysis show the feasibility of this methodology, as well as the reduction of position uncertainty obtained by the DCC technique.
Reverse-Bent Modular Coil Structure with Enhanced Output Stability in DWPT for Arbitrary Linear Transport Systems
Authors: Li Jia , Zhu Chong , Ji Junyi , Ma Jianquan , Zhang Xi
Published: November 2024

Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) systems with segmented transmitters suffer from output pulsations during the moving process. Although numerous coil structures have been developed to mitigate this fluctuation, the parameter design process is complicated and restricted by specific working conditions (e.g., air gaps). To solve these problems, a novel reverse-bent modular transmitter structure is proposed for DWPT in industrial automatic application scenarios such as linear transport systems. Considering the heterogeneous current density distribution in the adjacent region between two coils which causes a drop in magnetic field, the proposed coil structure attempts to eliminate the effects of the adjacent region by bending the terminal parts of each coil reversely to the ferrite layer for shielding. Compared to traditional planar couplers, this structure array can generate a uniform magnetic field over various air gaps. A 100 W laboratory prototype was built to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. The experimental results show that the proposed system achieved a constant output voltage, and the output pulsation was within ±2.3% in the dynamic powering process. The average efficiency was about 88.29%, with a 200 mm transfer distance. When the air gap varied from 20 mm to 30 mm, the system could still retain constant voltage output characteristics.
Enhancing Open-Space Gas Detection Limit: A Novel Environmentally Adaptive Infrared Temperature Prediction Method for Uncooled Spectroscopy
Authors: Tang Guoliang , Ding Fang , Li Dunping , Zhao Bangjian , Li Chunlai , Wang Jianyu
Published: November 2024

Gas cloud imaging with uncooled infrared spectroscopy is influenced by ambient temperature, complicating the quantitative detection of gas concentrations in open environments. To solve the aforementioned challenges, the paper analyzes the main factors influencing detection errors in uncooled infrared spectroscopy gas cloud imaging and proposes a temperature correction method to address them. Firstly, to mitigate the environmental effects on the radiative temperature output of uncooled infrared detectors, a snapshot-based, multi-band infrared temperature compensation algorithm incorporating environmental awareness was developed. This algorithm enables precise infrared radiation prediction across a wide operating temperature range. Validation tests conducted over the full temperature range of 0 °C to 80 °C demonstrated that the prediction error was maintained within ±0.96 °C. Subsequently, temperature compensation techniques were integrated, resulting in the development of a comprehensive uncooled infrared spectroscopy gas cloud imaging detection method. Ultimately, the detection limits for SF6, ethylene, cyclohexane, and ammonia were enhanced by 50%, 33%, 25%, and 67%, respectively.
Evaluation of Industrial Hemp Cultivar and Biochar Rate to Remediate Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Soil from the Tar Creek Superfund Site, USA
Authors: Thurston Dietrich V. , Brye Kristofor R. , Miller David M. , Moore Philip A. , Johnson Donald M. , Richardson Mike
Published: November 2024

Soil contamination by cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) at the Tar Creek superfund site in northeast Oklahoma, United States, remains a threat to the environment and local ecosystem. Phytoremediation with industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and the use of biochar (BC) have been independently shown to be effective methods to remediate heavy-metal-contaminated soils. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the effects of industrial hemp cultivar (‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Jinma’), biochar rate (0, 2, 5, and 10% by volume), soil contamination level (low, medium, and high), and their interactions on above- (AG) and belowground dry matter (DM) and AG tissue concentrations, as well as uptakes of Cd, Pb, and Zn after 90 days of growth in naturally contaminated soils from the Tar Creek superfund site. Aboveground DM was the largest (p < 0.01) in the low- (0.06 g cm−2) and smallest in the high-contaminated soil (0.03 g cm−2), and was unaffected (p > 0.05) by cultivar or BC rate. Averaged across BC rates, AG tissue Pb and Zn concentrations from the high-’Carmagnola’ and -’Jinma’ combinations were at least 2.4 times greater than from the other four soil–cultivar combinations. Averaged across cultivars, AG tissue Pb uptake in the high-5 and high-10% BC combinations were at least 2.7 times greater than in the high-0 and high-5% BC combinations, which did not differ. The results indicated that both ‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Jinma’ may be suitable choices for phytoremediation of mixed Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-contaminated soil when grown in combination with 5 or 10% (v/v) BC.
Foam Rolling Intervention Improves Lactate Clearance After High-Intensity Exercise
Authors: Kasahara Kazuki , Oneyama Keita , Ito Takeru , Nakamura Masatoshi , Ochi Genta
Published: November 2024

The acute effects of a foam rolling intervention on lactate clearance and the impaired executive function associated with fatigue after high-intensity exercise remain unclear. This study examined whether foam rolling is an effective tool for fatigue recovery. Eighteen healthy adults without consistent exercise habits participated in this study. Participants performed high-intensity exercises, and the post-exercise foam rolling intervention was compared to the control condition. Measurements included lactate, vigor/fatigue by the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition, cognitive function (cognitive task performance), leg and body rating of perceived exertion pre- and post-exercise, and post-intervention. Blood lactate concentrations post-foam rolling intervention (−7.3 ± 3.0 mmol/L) were significantly reduced among all participants. Increased lactate clearance by foam rolling correlated with a faster recovery of executive function for those with greater lactate clearance. However, cognitive fatigue was not observed after high-intensity exercise (p = 0.086, r = 0.41). Lactate clearance was not significantly correlated with the rating of perceived exertion in the foam rolling condition. The rating of the perceived exertion decreased with increased lactate clearance for those with greater lactate clearance in the control condition (leg: r = 0.778; body: r = 0.669). In conclusion, foam rolling intervention may be effective for exhausting exercise recovery.
Evaluating the Influence of Nutrient-Rich Substrates on the Growth and Waste Reduction Efficiency of Black Soldier Fly Larvae
Authors: Albalawneh Abeer , Hasan Heba , Alarsan Sami Faisal , Diab Mai , Abu Znaimah Saja , Sweity Amer , Aladwan Majdy Mohmad , Sharman Bilal , Alalwan Ahmad Mohammed , AlBalawnah Yazan , Dayyeh Musa Abu , Alnaimat Ehab
Published: November 2024

Background: The black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has emerged as a promising tool in sustainable waste management, owing to its larvae’s ability to efficiently convert organic waste into valuable biomass. Objective: This study investigates the impact of various substrate compositions on the growth, waste reduction efficiency, and bioconversion rate of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens). The aim is to optimize feeding strategies to enhance the effectiveness of BSF larvae in sustainable waste management and protein production. Methods: A controlled experiment was conducted over a 20-day period, using four different substrate types: 100% sludge, 75% sludge + 25% chicken feed, 25% sludge + 75% chicken feed, and 100% chicken feed. Each treatment had three replicates with 100 larvae each. Larval growth metrics, including weight and width, were recorded bi-daily. The waste reduction efficiency and bioconversion rate were calculated based on the remaining substrate weight and larval biomass, respectively. Elemental analysis was performed to determine the impact of substrate type on the accumulation of various elements in the larvae. Results: Significant differences were observed in larval growth, waste reduction efficiency, and bioconversion rates across the different substrates. The 100% chicken feed substrate led to the highest larval growth (M = 0.0881 g/day, SD = 0.0042) and bioconversion rate (M = 7.52%, SD = 0.34), while the 100% sludge substrate achieved the highest waste reduction rate (M = 86.2%, SD = 2.15). ANOVA tests indicated that substrate composition significantly affected these outcomes (p < 0.05). Elemental analysis showed substantial variations in the concentrations of calcium, cadmium, and nickel among the substrates, with the 100% sludge substrate having the highest nickel accumulation (M = 0.2763 ppm, SD = 0.023), significantly different from the other treatments (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results demonstrate that substrate composition is crucial for optimizing BSF larvae growth and waste reduction efficiency. Nutrient-rich substrates, such as chicken feed, significantly enhance bioconversion rates and larval biomass production, although careful consideration of elemental accumulation, especially heavy metals, is essential for safe application in animal feed.
The Spatial and Temporal Extent Changing of the Macronutrients of Arable Land—A Feixi County (East China) Case Study
Authors: Ding Yuebin , Tong Tong , Liang Wei , Cai Tianpei , Wu Shen , Wang Qiang , Ma Youhua , Tu Lili
Published: November 2024

Understanding the status of soil properties and revealing their spatiotemporal variation patterns in study areas are important for achieving precision agriculture and promoting the steady improvement of farmland quality. By combining field survey sampling with ArcGIS spatial interpolation, the change rate, correlation, and transfer matrix were applied to analyze the spatiotemporal variations in soil properties in Feixi County farmlands in 2010 and 2022. The average soil pH increased from 5.80 to 5.96, maintaining weak acidity. The analyzed levels remained moderate, and the average available phosphorus (AP) decreased by 5.31 mg·kg−1. The average organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), and available potassium (AK) increased by 4.89 g·kg−1, 0.23 g·kg−1, and 16.41 mg·kg−1, respectively. Soil nutrient contents were higher in the coastal areas of Chaohu Lake. The coefficients of variation and the rate of change of OM, TN, and AK were similar, whereas the coefficient of variation of pH was relatively small. The coefficients of variation and the rate of change for AP were relatively high. Moderate-level soil properties significantly changed in the area, with direct conversion between low and high levels. The spatial and temporal characteristics of OM and TN were similar. In the absence of targeted agricultural technical guidance, the soil property grade is usually medium, the soil property grade will fluctuate up and down without direction, and there is a direct transition between low and high content. Taking Feixi County as a case study in East China, the research results clearly show the changes and trends of major nutrient elements, providing a research idea for cities in East Asia, which mainly engage in rice cultivation and in the development of agriculture and urbanization, and providing data support and references for the future soil nutrient zoning management of farmers’ precise fertilization, production, and planting for sustainable development.
Sustainable Valorization of Oil and Gas Industry Biosolids: Optimal Reuse Pathways
Authors: Elfaki Hesan , Hemachandra Nivinya , Stockinger Georg , Al-Sharshani Ali , Solim Sabah , Al-Mohannadi Dhabia M.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the potential of converting waste biosolids from industrial sources, focusing on economic viability and heavy metal removal efficiency. Traditional management methods like landfilling and incineration are increasingly impractical due to land constraints and environmental concerns, prompting a shift towards thermal and biological conversion technologies including anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction. Incorporating a pretreatment for heavy metal removal is essential, as industrial wastes are highly subjected to metal contamination. The study screens a range of metal removal processes, including precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and microwave induction. Although a techno-economic analysis can help give a perspective on the economic viability and environmental impact of each technology, it does not account for technical limitations and variations in the treated waste stream. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model is developed to fill in this gap and assist in waste stream allocation to the most appropriate technology, taking into account both technology capacities and feed characteristics. This study looked into the optimal treatment route at different feed moisture contents and varying flow rates. The results demonstrate that the model distributes the feed across the different technologies on the basis of maximizing the capacity of the optimal technology while ensuring the moisture and heavy metal content limits are satisfied. Thus, it maximizes profitability and ensures heavy metal removal efficiency. By optimizing industrial biosolids treatment pathways, this study promotes sustainable resource recovery aligning with circular economy principles in waste management. The developed model facilitates informed decision-making in biosolids management and industrial waste treatment practices.
Energy and Daylighting Performance of Kinetic Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) Façade
Authors: Sureshkumar Jayakumari Sujan Dev , Imalka Samarasinghalage Tharushi , Yang Rebecca Jing , Liu Chengyang , Yang Siliang , Marschall Max , Corradini Pablo Sepulveda , Benito Adolfo Fernandez , Williams Nick
Published: November 2024

The deployment of renewable energy in the construction industry has emerged as a crucial topic due to the building sector’s substantial energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) offers a promising solution, replacing conventional building materials with solar energy-generating components. Moreover, retrofitting commercial buildings with BIPV and kinetic façades present an innovative approach to improve energy efficiency and enhance occupant well-being. Adaptive façades, capable of responding to varying climatic conditions, play a pivotal role in reducing energy consumption while ensuring thermal and visual comfort for occupants. By integrating solar generation and shading capabilities, BIPV kinetic façades deliver dual benefits, optimizing energy performance and reducing lifecycle costs, compared to traditional PV systems. Furthermore, effective daylighting strategies not only contribute to energy savings but also positively impact occupant productivity and comfort. Despite predominant research focusing on energy aspects, there is a notable gap in comprehensive assessments that integrate environmental, economic, and daylighting considerations. Therefore, evaluating Australian commercial buildings’ energy and daylighting performance with BIPV kinetic façades provides valuable insights for advancing sustainable building designs and operations in the region. The implementation of kinetic BIPV façades in Melbourne reduced energy consumption by 18% and covered 26% of energy demand, achieving the target daylighting levels.
Mitigation of Contamination and Health Risk: Asbestos Management and Regulatory Practices
Authors: Aryal Achyut , Morley Craig
Published: November 2024

Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral renowned for its exceptional tensile strength, chemical resistance, and low thermal and electrical conductivity. Due to these properties, it has been widely used in various industries. However, asbestos exposure is strongly linked to severe health conditions, including lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestosis. Although over 70 countries have banned asbestos-containing materials, significant health risks persist due to ongoing use and poor management practices in many regions. To mitigate these risks, robust occupational health measures are essential. These include safe removal protocols, comprehensive worker training, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), regular exposure monitoring, rigorous compliance checks, and severe penalties for non-compliance. Moreover, effective asbestos waste management and the development of advanced disposal technologies are essential to reducing risks. Public awareness campaigns, regulatory enforcement, and a global ban on asbestos production, use, and export are also necessary, particularly in countries where asbestos is still in use. Lessons from asbestos management in Australia and New Zealand provide valuable insights for nations currently dealing with asbestos issues. This paper reviews current practices in asbestos surveying, removal, and disposal, comparing them to the stringent regulatory frameworks in Australia and New Zealand. It highlights strategies that can be adopted globally to ensure safer management and complete elimination of asbestos.
Determinants of Microfinance Demand (Evidence from Chiredzi Smallholder Resettled Sugarcane Farmers in Zimbabwe)
Authors: Matsvai Simion
Published: November 2024

Despite the MFI insurgency, agricultural financing remains critically low, even though microcredit is widely accepted as both a substitute and compliment to formal credit. Zimbabwe is an agro-based economy and very little is known about the determinants of microcredit demand and microcredit size in smallholder resettled sugarcane farmers. Research is concentrated in short-term agriculture activities. Thus, this study aims to fill the unattended gap in lagged returns agriculture activities such as sugarcane production which takes at least a year to mature, hence, the greater need for agriculture financing alternatives such as microfinance. The study examined the determinants of both microcredit demand and loan size (magnitude of microcredit participation) by smallholder resettled A2 sugarcane farmers in Chiredzi. Primary data from 370 smallholder resettled sugarcane farmers (214 borrower participants and 156 non-borrower participants) were used. Probit and Tobit regression models were used for data analysis in STATA. Operational costs, interest rate, grace period, and land size significantly affect both the demand for microcredit and microcredit size, while education, household farming assets, extension services, and payback period significantly affect microfinance demand, and risk attitude/perception additionally determine microcredit size. Special microfinance schemes best suitable for the agriculture sector and crop/plant-specific agriculture financing schemes, currency, and macroeconomic stability are the major policy recommendations.
The Role of Employee Competencies in the Sustainable Development and Energy Efficiency of Agile Organizations
Authors: Kocot Maria , Kwasek Artur , Maciaszczyk Magdalena , Golińska-Pieszyńska Małgorzata , Protasowicki Igor , Kandefer Krzysztof , Soboń Janusz
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to examine how the development of employee competencies affects the efficiency of green energy utilization in organizations and how these activities support the sustainable development of enterprises. This research focused on identifying the specific agile competencies that have the greatest impact on energy efficiency and on integrating these competencies with sustainable development goals. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted based on data collected through online surveys among employees of companies using green energy. The research results indicate a significant relationship between the level of agility in employee competencies and the energy efficiency in enterprises. Most companies achieve better results through the application of agile practices. This study’s findings confirm that investments in the development of agile employee competencies and the integration of renewable energy sources can significantly contribute to improving energy efficiency and increasing the competitiveness and innovation of organizations. Moreover, the need for further research on methods for assessing and implementing agile practices in various operational settings, with a focus on sustainability aspects, was emphasized.
Recreational Water Safety in Hotels: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Way Forward for a Safe Aquatic Environment
Authors: Papadakis Antonios , Chochlakis Dimosthenis , Koufakis Eleftherios , Carayanni Vilelmine , Psaroulaki Anna
Published: November 2024

The recreational waters of hotels are widely used by locals and travelers all around the world, and this impacts public health. In this regard, the WHO frequently offers recommendations—especially during the COVID-19 era—that operators and managers of public pools, hot tubs, or splash pads should continue to follow. This study aims to evaluate the microbiological results of COVID-19 sanitation protocols in recreational waters in hotels during the summer periods post-COVID-19 (2020–2022) and compare them with those pre-COVID-19 (2019). Of the samples tested during the pre-pandemic period, less than 1/5 were positive for total coliforms, common aerobic bacteria, and P. aeruginosa, while less than 3% of the samples tested were positive for E. coli. During the pandemic years, the percentages dropped by half for total coliforms, common aerobic bacteria, and E. coli, while only the percentage for P. aeruginosa remained the same. The relative risk (RR) for the presence of P. aeruginosa in recreational waters was greatly affected by chlorine levels, pH values, and water temperature. Our results elucidate the impact of sanitation protocols on the safety of recreational waters in hotels during public health crises. Moreover, the challenges operators face in maintaining long-term implementation of these protocols are highlighted, which in turn dictates the appropriate choice of preventive and applicable measures to ensure health and safety.
Evaluation of the Intensive Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance System in Ghana: Post the Switch from tOPV to bOPV
Authors: Obodai Evangeline , Boakye Jessica Dufie , Asante Ntim Nana Afia , Agbotse Gayheart Deladem , Antwi Comfort Nuamah , Duker Ewurabena Oduma , Bimpong Sharon Ansong , Odame Deborah , Adams Patience Lartekai , Nayan Josephine , Mensah Jude Yayra , Dickson Angelina Evelyn , Attiku Keren , Baffoe-Nyarko Isaac , Laryea Dennis , Odoom John Kofi
Published: November 2024

The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was adopted by Ghana in 1996, and through robust AFP surveillance was able to interrupt the circulation of wild poliovirus in 2008. However, the country suffered vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 outbreaks in 2019 and 2022. We conducted a retrospective analysis of all AFP surveillance data received by the polio program in Ghana from 2018 to 2022. An analysis of the WHO performance indicators for evaluating a surveillance system was conducted using Epi Info 3.5.4 and Microsoft Excel. Of the 4832 cases investigated, 56.3% were males, 71.1% comprised children aged 5 years and below, and more than half (65.2%) had received a maximum of three doses of OPV. Over 77% (3028) had a fever at the onset of paralysis, and 67.8% had paralysis progression within 3 days. The non-polio AFP rate of ≥2 and the stool adequacy rate exceeded the target of ≥80% in nearly every study year. The proportion of non-polio enteroviruses isolated surpassed the target of ≥10% in all years except 2018. The AFP surveillance system in Ghana is sensitive and representative. Though the surveillance became more intensive and proactive during the outbreak, the system needs to focus on improving the completeness of the data as well as the timeliness of the arrival of stool specimens within 3 days of collection.
Resurgence of Pertussis in the Gyeongnam Region of South Korea in 2023 and 2024
Authors: Lee Hyeokjin , Cho U Jin , Kim Ah-Ra , Lee Sang-Eun , Lee Myungju , Lee Seung Ju , Wi Yu Mi , Ma Sang Hyuk , Lee Dong Han
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Pertussis continues to pose a substantial global health challenge despite widespread vaccination programs. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of recent pertussis cases in the Gyeongnam region of South Korea. Methods: We analyzed 419 pertussis cases in the Gyeongnam region of South Korea between October 2023 and April 2024, using data collected from epidemiological investigation reports, medical records, and interviews with health officials and school staff. Results: Our analysis revealed a distinct age distribution pattern with minimal cases in infants (0.2% under 1 year) and young children (7.9% in ages 1–6 years), while school-aged children showed the highest incidence (31.8% in ages 7–9 years, 36.0% in ages 10–12 years). The outbreak pattern demonstrated a progressive shift from preschool and elementary school students to middle and high school students. The time from symptoms onset to diagnosis varied significantly across age groups, with a median of 3.0 days (1.0–6.0) overall; notably, this was longer in high school students at 5.0 days (2.3–8.0) (p = 0.023). While 92.4% (365/395) of cases were fully vaccinated, substantial delays were observed in third and fourth dose administration (18.2% and 25.8%, respectively), with considerable timing variability for the fifth and sixth doses. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the changing epidemiology of pertussis in South Korea, characterized by an age shift toward older children. These results emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance focusing on school-aged populations and the reassessment of vaccination strategies, particularly regarding booster dose timings and adherence.
The Sire Effect on Gestational Length in Wagyu Cattle
Authors: de Camargo Janine , Alba Carla , Gallas Caroline , Kronbauer Thales Vogt , Mozzato Mateus Timbola , Delazeri Dominike Prediger , Marques Mariana Groke , Zanella Eraldo Lourenso , Zanella Ricardo
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the factors influencing gestation length in a herd of Wagyu cattle in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Fifty-five multiparous purebred Wagyu cows underwent a Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) protocol using semen from a bull randomly selected from five bulls representing three distinct genetic lines. Following birth, we recorded the calves’ gender, weight, and gestation length. The ANOVA test was employed to assess genetic effects on calf weight and gestation length, with significance set at p < 0.05. The 55 inseminations resulted in 52 births, comprising 34 females and 18 males. The average calf weight was 25.9 kg, with 25.2 kg for females and 27.2 kg for males (p = 0.38). No significant effect was observed for birth weight concerning the sire’s genetic line (p = 0.42), although there was a trend towards an effect from the maternal grandfather (p = 0.09). The mean duration of pregnancy was 283.8 ± 5.91 days, with no significant effect of gender on gestation length (p = 0.6). However, when evaluating the genetic influences on gestation length, we observed significant effects from the sire’s genetic line (p < 0.0001) and the maternal grandfather (p < 0.0001). Notably, longer pregnancies resulted in heavier calves (p < 0.0001). This is the first study to identify the effects of Wagyu breed lines on pregnancy length.
Distribution and Co-Enrichment Factors of Arsenic and Fluoride in the Groundwater of the Plain Area of the Aksu River Basin, Xinjiang, PR China
Authors: Ji Yuanyuan , Zhou Yinzhu , Zhao Xiaoyu , Zhou Jinlong , Sun Ying , Lei Mi
Published: November 2024

The Aksu River Basin is located in the western region of the middle part of the southern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains and the northwestern edge of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China. High-arsenic (As)/high-fluoride (F) groundwater is widely distributed in this area and is harmful to the life of local residents and to agricultural production. It is of great importance to understand the distribution and causes of As-F co-enrichment in the groundwater in this area. Based on the test results of 138 groundwater samples in the plain area of the Aksu River Basin, the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and the spatial distribution of As-F co-enrichment groundwater were analyzed under the following conditions: a single-structure phreatic aquifer (SSPA), a phreatic aquifer in a confined groundwater area (PACGA), a shallow confined aquifer (SCA), and a deep confined aquifer (DCA), all in a recharge area, transition area, and an evaporation area. The hydrogeochemical processes affecting the source, migration, and enrichment of As-F in the groundwater were revealed. The results showed that the chemical types of groundwater in the study area were mainly HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg and SO4·Cl-Na·Mg. Horizontally, high-As-F groundwater was mainly distributed in the transition area and evaporation area in the middle and lower reaches of the Aksu River Basin. The area is close to the edge of the desert, where the groundwater runoff is sluggish and in an alkaline-reducing groundwater environment. Vertically, high-As groundwater was mainly distributed in the PACGA at a depth of 10–20 m and in the SCA at a depth of 80–100 m. High-F groundwater was mainly concentrated in the PACGA at a depth of 10–30 m and in the SCA at a depth of 80–100 m, and As-F co-enrichment groundwater was mainly concentrated in the PACGA at a depth of 10–20 m and in the SCA at a depth of 80–100 m. The hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater in the Aksu River Basin were closely related to geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions, and the hydrochemical environment of the groundwater. As-F co-enriched groundwater was mainly affected by the combination of a small topographic gradient, a shallow groundwater burial depth, a weak reducing alkaline groundwater environment, strong evaporation and concentration, the weathering and dissolution of evaporated salt rock, and the alternating adsorption of cations.
Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Diversity in the Moroccan Coastal Water of the Gibraltar Strait
Authors: Chrairi Manal , Barrijal Said , Castellano-Hinojosa Antonio , Boumait Youssra , El Hamouti Chahrazade , Lamzouri Afaf , Ghazal Hassan , Chahboune Rajaa
Published: November 2024

Coastal waters are known for higher productivity and organic matter levels, which support a high diversity and abundance of microorganisms compared to some aquatic environments. The characterization of marine microbiomes can provide valuable information for evaluating the sustainability of coastal waters that are increasingly subjected to environmental and human impacts. Our study is the first metagenomic study realized on Moroccan Mediterranean coastal seawater. We analyzed and described the Gibraltar Detroit marine microbiome taxonomic and functional profiling using MG-RAST software. Shotgun sequencing revealed a predominance of bacterial taxa, particularly the Proteobacteria (57.29%) and Bacteroidetes (27.06%) phyla, alongside notable populations of eukaryotes, viruses, and archaea. Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria emerged as the dominant bacterial classes, while Flavobacteria represented a significant portion of Bacteroidetes. Functional profiling of the microbial community highlighted a wide array of metabolic pathways, emphasizing genes related to carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid synthesis, and protein processing. The marine microbiome exhibited essential biogeochemical activities, particularly in nitrogen, sulfur, and carbon cycles, with notable pathways including denitrification, thiosulfate oxidation, and carbon fixation. This functional diversity underlines the microbiome’s role in sustaining ecosystem health through nutrient cycling and organic matter degradation. Our findings offer a crucial baseline for understanding microbial community structure and resilience in Mediterranean coastal ecosystems, with implications for assessing future environmental and anthropogenic impacts on these microbial dynamics.
Study on Operation Effect of Two-Stage MSL System for Rural Decentralized Sewage Treatment
Authors: Hu Qingtao , Bao Anhong , Niu Zenan , Zhao Wanqi , Fang Hanzhen
Published: November 2024

To improve the removal efficiency of rural domestic sewage, a two-stage multi-soil-layer sewage treatment system with an “aeration section + non-aeration section” was designed, and its treatment performance was observed under different influent loads and aeration intensities. The experiment ran for a total of 150 days, and the results showed that the two-stage multi-soil-layer (MSL) system could effectively reduce the effluent concentration of sewage to meet discharge standards. Under the operating conditions of an influent hydraulic load of 1000 L·m−2·d−1 and an air–water ratio of 4:1, the final effluent average concentrations of COD, NH3-N, TN, and TP were 106.5 mg·L−1, 7.4 mg·L−1, 13.9 mg·L−1, 0.12 mg·L−1, and 18.6 mg·L−1, respectively, with average removal rates of 85.3%, 82%, 72.5%, 96%, and 85%. A longer hydraulic retention time and ideal anoxic conditions were ensured by designing a certain effluent height in the system. Adding aeration to the system allowed for a synchronous nitrification–denitrification reaction under reasonable influent loads, ultimately enabling the effluent to meet discharge standards.
A Dual-Layer Control System for Steering Stability of Distributed-Drive Electric Vehicle
Authors: Xiao Xianghui , Zhang Zhenshan , Huang Mingxian , Guan Luchang , Song Yunhao , Zeng Junbin
Published: November 2024

In addressing the limitations of traditional steering stability control strategies applied to distributed-drive electric vehicles (DDEVs)—which primarily focus on measuring yaw rate and sideslip angle and may result in loss of control during steering maneuvers—this study conducts a more comprehensive analysis of DDEVs’ steering control stability. It specifically investigates the relationships among the lateral positions of both the front and rear wheels, the slip ratios, and the angular orientation of the vehicle’s body during steering processes. Furthermore, a dual-layer steering stability control system aimed at enhancing the steering stability performance of DDEVs is introduced. This control system consists of two components: a lateral controller and a longitudinal controller. The lateral controller aims to establish clear linkages among four key variables, the front and rear wheel sideslip angles, yaw rate, and sideslip angle, and then to compute the necessary active front wheel steering angle and corresponding yaw moment based on the current vehicle body attitude. The findings indicate that, in comparison to the conventional DDEV controller, the proposed two-layer controller achieves substantially closer alignment to the reference curve during steering, with the accuracy increased by a factor of approximately 5 to 20. These results unequivocally affirm the efficacy and viability of the proposed approach.
العوامل المؤثرة في أداء المؤسسات الصغرى والمتوسطة في مجال البيع بالتجزئة في لبنان: دراسة ميدانية
Authors: سعد وداد عبد الحسن
Published: November 2024

يهدف هذا البحث إلى تقييم أداء المؤسسات الصغرى والمتوسطة في مجال البيع بالمفرق والعاملة في لبنان، وذلك من خلال نموذج اقتصادي قياسي غير خطي، آخذاً بعين الاعتبار عدداً من المتغيرات المتعلقة بثلاثة أنواع من التصنيفات: خصائص المدير/ المالك، وخصائص المؤسسة، بالإضافة إلى بعض المتغيرات المتعلقة بالمحيط والبيئة. تم قياس الأداء بمستوى المبيعات العائد لكل مؤسسة. وارتكزت هذه الدراسة على استمارات وزعت على عدد من المؤسسات الصغرى والمتوسطة، العاملة في مجال البيع بالمفرق في العام ٢٠٠٥. وقد تم تجميع المعطيات لهذا البحث من ٢٩٦ مؤسسة موزعة على مختلف المناطق اللبنانية. استخدمت طريقة المربعات الجذرية الصغرى؛ لمعرفة المحددات والعوامل المؤثرة في أداء هذه المؤسسات. وأظهرت النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث وجود أهمية لبعض الخصائص (المدير/ المالك)، كذلك تبين أن بعض خصائص المؤسسات لها تأثير مهم على تحسين أداء هذا النوع من المؤسسات. وأخيراً، من أصل ۱۷ متغيراً، استخدمت في هذه الدراسة، أظهرت النتائج الإحصائية وجود علاقة جوهرية معنوية بين الأداء وتسعة من هذه المتغيرات موزعة بين مختلف التصنيفات المعتمدة في الدراسة.
The Objectification of Others Scale: Confirmatory and Exploratory Factor Analysis in a Sample of Emerging Adults
Authors:   Northeastern Illinois University, Bloom Zachary , Tavakoli Shedeh ,   Northeastern Illinois University, Romito Madelaine ,   Northern Illinois University
Published: November 2024

The objectification of others is an important phenomenon in the cycle of objectification. However, few instruments measure the construct of other-objectification. This study examines the psychometric properties of Objectification of Others Scale using a sample of emerging adults (N = 1,584). Two random subsamples (n = 792) of the dataset were used to conduct exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, resulting in a two-factor model that explained 72.37% of the variance. We address limitations of the instrument and make recommendations for future research.
Predictors of Trauma Symptoms in Adults Living with HIV: The Role of Social Connectedness and Sexual Orientation
Authors:   University of Central Florida, Zeligman Melissa , Kim Taewon ,   University of Central Florida, Coleman Jamian ,   University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Sinclair Moneta ,   Positive Impact Health Centers, Curtis-Davidson Rico ,   Positive Impact Health Centers
Published: November 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has claimed over 740,000 lives in the United States since the 1980s, and further brought a host of mental health concerns, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), primarily brought on by the discrimination and stigma felt by people living with HIV (PLWHA). Social connectedness may serve as a buffer to the trauma often felt by PLWHA. However, rejection and discrimination can limit access to this needed support, especially for sexual minorities living with HIV. The present study (N = 396) examined relationships between social connectedness, trauma symptoms, and sexual orientation for PLWHA. Results showed that social connectedness was a significant predictor of trauma symptoms within the sample, while sexual orientation did not hold a significant relationship with these symptoms. Clinical implications for professional counselors are discussed.
ЭЛЕКТРОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ КОРРЕЛЯТЫ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ
Authors: B.B. Александрова
Published: November 2024

В данной работе рассмотрены вопросы электрофизиологических коррелятов эмоциональных проявлений, вызванные потенциалы головного мозга, возникающие в ответ на предъявление зрительных образов и эмоционально значимых ситуаций. Эмоциональные различия в реакции на зрительную стимуляцию должны отражаться в электрической активности мозга, в частности, в его спектральных характеристиках и проявлении эмоциональных реакций на электроэнцефалограмме человека при восприятии эмоционально значимых и эмоционально нейтральных стимулов.

This paper examines the issues of electrophysiological correlates of emotional manifestations, evoked potentials of the brain that arise in response to the presentation of visual images and emotionally significant situations. Emotional differences in the response to visual stimulation should be reflected in the electrical activity of the brain, in particular, in its spectral characteristics and the manifestation of emotional reactions on the human electroencephalogram when perceiving emotionally significant and emotionally neutral stimuli.
ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ И КОГНИТИВНЫХ ФУНКЦИЙ У ЮНОШЕЙ И ДЕВУШЕК Г. МАГАДАНА
Authors: М.А. Рябова
Published: November 2024

В статье представлены результаты исследования психофизиологических особенностей центральный нервной системы (ЦНС) и когнитивных функций юношей и девушек г. Магадана. Сравнительный анализ показателей психофизиологических особенностей нервной системы в зависимости от гендерной принадлежности выявил значимые различия в функциональном состоянии ЦНС молодежи г. Магадана. У юношей выше скорость зрительно-моторной реакции (p<0,05), регистрируется более высокий уровень функционального состояния ЦНС (p<0,05), выше устойчивость реакции (p<0,05) и уровень функциональных возможностей нервной системы (p<0,05) в отличие от показателей девушек, где выявлено преобладание процессов инертности в регуляции деятельности ЦНС. Когнитивные функции у обеих групп обследуемых характеризуется низкой устойчивостью внимания. Данные по параметрам кратковременной зрительной памяти соответствует оптимальному уровню мнемических процессов у молодых жителей-северян в независимости от пола.

The article presents the results of a study of the psychophysiological characteristics of the central nervous system (CNS) and cognitive functions of young men and women in Magadan. A comparative analysis of indicators of psychophysiological characteristics of the nervous system depending on gender revealed significant differences in the functional state of the central nervous system of young people in Magadan. Young men have a higher speed of visual-motor reaction (p<0,05), a higher level of the functional state of the central nervous system (p<0,05), a higher stability of the reaction (p<0,05) and a higher level of functional capabilities of the nervous system (p< 0,05) in contrast to the indicators of young women, where the predominance of inertia processes in the regulation of central nervous system activity was revealed. Cognitive functions in both groups of subjects are characterized by low stability of attention. Data on the parameters of short-term visual memory correspond to the optimal level of mnemonic processes in young northern residents, regardless of gender.