bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes in optical properties of two contrasting tropical freshwater systems
Authors: Brandão Luciana P.M. , Staehr Peter A. , Bezerra-Neto José F.
Published: May 2016

We investigated how allochthonous and autochthonous sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) affected the optical conditions and chemical characteristics of two contrasting tropical freshwater systems (Dom Helvécio-DH and Pampulha reservoir) in a dry and rainy period in 2013. We analyzed PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) and UV (ultraviolet) attenuation coefficients, nutrients, chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), dissolved organic matter (DOC) and spectral characteristics of CDOM (colored dissolved organic matter). Significant differences in CDOM sources and quantity were observed, with a dominantly terrestrial input in DH during the rainy period with approximately 50% higher DOC and Chl-a levels, and a doubling in total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) compared to the dry winter period. The eutrophic Pampulha had several fold higher levels of DOC, Chl-a, TN and TP, with organic matter of mostly originating from phytoplankton in both seasons. Differences in source and quantity had strong implications on water transparency, DOC concentrations, CDOM quality and its susceptibility to photo- and biodegradation. DH was several fold clearer in both the UV and PAR spectrum. In DH transparency to both UV and PAR radiation was highest during the summer, suggesting elevated photo- and biodegradation during stratification. Pampulha was most transparent in the dry period even during period of algal bloom. In both systems we observed seasonal variations in concentrations of nutrients and Chl-a, and in DH differences were also found in DOC concentrations as well as the specific UV absorbance (SUVA254) and molecular size (M). Our results documents that different sources of DOM and seasonal inputs reflect in the seasonality of apparent and inherent optical properties and nutrients availability with implications for water quality and aquatic community. 
Are bioassessments based on the Reference Condition Approach (RCA) affected by 'rapid' approaches to sample collection and processing?
Authors: Valois Amanda , Somers Keith , Sarrazin-Delay Chantal , Keller Bill
Published: May 2016

Benthic invertebrates are used by a number of agencies worldwide as indicators for assessing stream health, which has resulted in the development of a variety of protocols for collecting and processing benthic samples. The large number of methods used means that calibration of data collection is not always possible, but if different methods produce similar estimates of community composition and metric values, then sharing of data can make bioassessments more efficient. This study explored the effect of two approaches to subsampling and sorting of benthic invertebrates on community composition, calculation of metrics, and assessment of stream health. We compared two commonly used sampling methods: a rapid approach, employing live, unaided sorting and a standard approach using microscope sorting of preserved samples, through a comparison of replicate samples collected from 61 streams. This study found that both methods resulted in similar estimates of community composition at a site, as determined by the Bray-Curtis similarity index. However, the live sorting methodology resulted in greater family richness and higher estimates of metrics that reflect large taxa (i.e., %EPT). Despite differences in a number of metrics, both methods performed equally well at identifying impairment in the test sites, with live-sorting samples slightly more sensitive.
Outcomes of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer with integration of metronomic chemotherapy: An Indian rural cancer centre experience
Authors: Pandey Avinash , Abhay Desai , Sunny Jandyal , Vikas Ostwal , Vijay Patil , Rajeshri Kulkarni , Netaji Patil , Sudeep Gupta , Banavali Shripad D.
Published: May 2016

Background: Paclitaxel-platinum and optimal cytoreductive surgery are the standard of care for ovarian carcinoma. Poor socioeconomic profile and therapeutic constraints in rural India poses a therapeutic challenge. Aim: To evaluate outcomes of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Objectives: To calculate disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and factors affecting outcomes. Materials and Methods: Data of patients diagnosed as ovarian carcinoma registered between March 2009 and March 2014 were retrieved. Demographic profile, chemotherapy and response, surgery, and disease progression were collected. Patients who underwent surgery or completed three cycles of chemotherapy were selected. Kaplan-Meir survival was used to determine disease-free and OS. Log-rank test used to evaluate factors affecting outcome. Results: Median follow-up is 26 months. 93/102 patients (91%) underwent cytoreductive surgery, of which 37 had primary cytoreduction (40%) while 56 had interval cytoreduction. 21/93 (23%), 57/93 (61%), and 15/93 (16%) patients were operated by local surgeons, surgeons of our hospital, and trained oncosurgeons, respectively. Induction paclitaxel-platinum was used in 35/63 (56%) patients while 28/63 patients (44%) received neoadjuvant metronomic chemotherapy. Median DFS and OS are 17 and 54 months respectively while 3 year OS of 66%. Median DFS of patients operated by oncosurgeons versus local surgeons were 22 months versus 15 months (P = 0.01), OS was 54 versus 26 months (P = 0.01).40/88 (45%) patients received maintenance metronomic therapy after adjuvant chemotherapy with median of 6 months (range 2-18 months). Patients receiving metronomic maintenance had better DFS, 18 months versus 15 months (P = 0.69). Conclusion: Induction therapy in ovarian carcinoma helps in selecting patients for cytoreductive surgery. Outcomes are better if operated by trained oncosurgeons. Maintenance metronomic has potential to delay disease progression.
Tolerance of weekly metronomic paclitaxel and carboplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer patients who are unlikely to tolerate 3 weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin
Authors: Dessai S. B. , Chakraborty S. , Babu T. V.S. , Nayanar S. , Bhattacharjee A. , Jones J. , Balasubramanian S. , Patil Vijay M.
Published: May 2016

Objective: There are little data regarding safety and effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients who are considered unfit for receiving 3 weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin. The aim of this study was to examine the toxicity and response rates of weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin as NACT in such cohort of patients. Methods: Study population included advanced ovarian cancer patients who were unlikely to tolerate 3 weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin and hence received weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m 2) and carboplatin AUC-2 as NACT. The data regarding the baseline characteristics, chemotherapy tolerance, completion rates, toxicity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.02), and radiological response rates are presented. SPSS version 16 was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics is presented. Results: Eleven patients received this schedule. Nine patients completed nine cycles of NACT. Except one, all patients completed NACT with an average relative dose intensity of >0.8. There was no chemotherapy-related mortality. Grade 3-4 life-threatening complications were seen in two patients. The post NACT response rate was 100%. Conclusions: Weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy is safe and efficacious in patients who are unsuitable for 3 weekly paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy schedules.
Macroscopical, Histological, and In Vitro Characterization of Nonosteoarthritic Versus Osteoarthritic Hip Joint Cartilage
Authors: Badendick Jessica , Godkin Owen , Kohl Benjamin , Meier Carola , Jagielski Michal , Huang Zhao , Arens Stephan , Schneider Tobias , Schulze-Tanzil Gundula
Published: May 2016

Osteoarthritis (OA) might affect chondrocyte culture characteristics and complement expression. Therefore, this study addressed the interrelation between macroscopical and microscopical structure, complement expression, and chondrocyte culture characteristics in non-OA and OA cartilage. Femoral head cartilage samples harvested from patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs) and OA were analyzed for macroscopical alterations using an in-house scoring system, graded histologically (Mankin score), and immunolabeled for complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) and receptors. Morphology of monolayer cultured chondrocytes isolated from a subset of samples was assessed. The macroscopical score distinguished the FNF and OA cartilage samples and correlated significantly with the histological results. Chondrocyte phenotype from FNF or OA cartilage differed. Complement receptor C5aR, CRPs CD55 and CD59, and weakly receptor C3AR were detected in the investigated FNF and OA cartilage, except for CD46, which was detected in only two of the five investigated donors. The in-house score also allows inexperienced observers to distinguish non-OA and OA cartilage for experimental purposes.
Novel Treatments for Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Clain Jeremy M. , Escalante Patricio
Published: May 2016

Drug resistance has emerged as a major obstacle to global control of tuberculosis (TB). Treatment with currently available medications requires prolonged courses of numerous drugs, many of which are associated with significant adverse effects. New drugs are urgently needed to meet the challenge posed by drug-resistant TB, in order to relieve the burden that drug resistance has placed on individual patients and health systems. Fortunately, many new drugs have been developed for the treatment of drug-resistant TB in recent years. The new antimycobacterial agents are derived from various medication classes, work by means of an assortment of mechanisms of action, and are at differing phases of development. This review provides a survey of the most promising new agents, in order to promote familiarity with these emerging drugs and compounds.
Some Properties of Triebel–Lizorkin and Besov Spaces Associated with Zygmund Dilations
Authors: Liao Fanghui , Liu Zongguang
Published: May 2016

In this paper, using Calderón’s reproducing formula and almost orthogonality estimates, we prove the lifting property and the embedding theorem of the Triebel–Lizorkin and Besov spaces associated with Zygmund dilations.
Dengue Patients with Early Hemorrhagic Manifestations Lose Coordinate Expression of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine IL-10 with the Inflammatory Cytokines IL-6 and IL-8
Authors: Iani Felipe Campos de Melo , Caldas Sérgio , Duarte Myrian Morato , Cury Ana Luisa Furtado , Cecílio Alzira Batista , Costa Pedro Augusto Carvalho , Antonelli Lis R. , Gollob Kenneth J.
Published: May 2016

Dengue is responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe cases. The alteration of cytokine levels correlated with clinical characteristics can help determine prognostic markers of the disease and the identification of targets for immunotherapy. We measured the viral load, serotype, and cytokine levels of 212 serum samples from patients with acute dengue infection during days 1–4 after the onset of symptoms. The patients were classified as either with hemorrhagic manifestations (HM) or with no hemorrhagic manifestations (NHM). The cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and IL-10 were increased (P < 0.05) in the dengue virus+ group, compared with the control group. A higher viral load (P < 0.05) and IL-6 was detected in the HM group compared with the NHM group. Interestingly, the NHM group demonstrated a significant positive correlation between inflammatory (IL-6 and 8) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, whereas the HM group did not. These findings suggest that a disturbance in the balance of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 with the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, combined with the high levels of IL-6 and viral load, characterize possible mechanisms related to the formation of HM.
What Happens When “Germs Don't Get Killed and They Attack Again and Again”: Perceptions of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Context of Diarrheal Disease Treatment Among Laypersons and Health-Care Providers in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Joseph Heather A. , Agboatwalla Mubina , Hurd Jacqueline , Jacobs-Slifka Kara , Pitz Adam , Bowen Anna
Published: May 2016

In south Asia, where diarrhea is common and antibiotics are accessible without prescription, antimicrobial resistance is an emerging and serious problem. However, beliefs and behaviors related to antimicrobial resistance are poorly understood. We explored laypersons' and health-care providers' (HCP) awareness and perceptions of antimicrobial resistance in the context of treatment of adult diarrheal disease in Karachi, Pakistan. In-depth, open-ended interviews were conducted with 40 laypersons and 45 HCPs in a lower-middle-class urban neighborhood. Interviews conducted in Urdu were audiotaped, transcribed, translated, and coded using applied thematic analysis. Slightly over half of laypersons and two-thirds of HCPs were aware that antimicrobial medication could lose effectiveness, but misperceptions were common. Laypersons and HCPs often believed that “the body becomes immune” or “bacteria attack more strongly” if medications are taken “improperly.” Another prevalent theme was that causes and effects of antimicrobial resistance are limited to the individual taking the antimicrobial medication and to the specific diarrheal episode. Participants often attributed antimicrobial resistance to patient behaviors; HCP behavior was rarely discussed. Less than half of the HCPs were aware of treatment guidelines. To combat antimicrobial resistance in urban Pakistan, a health systems strategy and community-supported outreach campaigns on appropriate antimicrobial use are needed.
Detection and Quantification of Viable and Nonviable Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites by a Propidium Monoazide Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay
Authors: Cancino-Faure Beatriz , Fisa Roser , Alcover M. Magdalena , Jimenez-Marco Teresa , Riera Cristina
Published: May 2016

Molecular techniques based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) allow the detection and quantification of DNA but are unable to distinguish between signals from dead or live cells. Because of the lack of simple techniques to differentiate between viable and nonviable cells, the aim of this study was to optimize and evaluate a straightforward test based on propidium monoazide (PMA) dye action combined with a qPCR assay (PMA-qPCR) for the selective quantification of viable/nonviable epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMA has the ability to penetrate the plasma membrane of dead cells and covalently cross-link to the DNA during exposure to bright visible light, thereby inhibiting PCR amplification. Different concentrations of PMA (50–200 μM) and epimastigotes of the Maracay strain of T. cruzi (1 × 105–10 parasites/mL) were assayed; viable and nonviable parasites were tested and quantified by qPCR with a TaqMan probe specific for T. cruzi. In the PMA-qPCR assay optimized at 100 μM PMA, a significant qPCR signal reduction was observed in the nonviable versus viable epimastigotes treated with PMA, with a mean signal reduction of 2.5 logarithm units and a percentage of signal reduction > 98%, in all concentrations of parasites assayed. This signal reduction was also observed when PMA-qPCR was applied to a mixture of live/dead parasites, which allowed the detection of live cells, except when the concentration of live parasites was low (10 parasites/mL). The PMA-qPCR developed allows differentiation between viable and nonviable epimastigotes of T. cruzi and could thus be a potential method of parasite viability assessment and quantification.
Sennetsu Neorickettsiosis, Spotted Fever Group, and Typhus Group Rickettsioses in Three Provinces in Thailand
Authors: Bhengsri Saithip , Baggett Henry C. , Edouard Sophie , Dowell Scott F. , Dasch Gregory A. , Fisk Tami L. , Raoult Didier , Parola Philippe
Published: May 2016

We estimated the seroprevalence and determined the frequency of acute infections with Neorickettsia sennetsu, spotted fever group rickettsiae, Rickettsia typhi, and Orientia tsutsugamushi among 2,225 febrile patients presenting to community hospitals in three rural Thailand provinces during 2002–2005. The seroprevalence was 0.2% for sennetsu neorickettsiosis (SN), 0.8% for spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae, 4.2% for murine typhus (MT), and 4.2% for scrub typhus (ST). The frequency of acute infections was 0.1% for SN, 0.6% for SFG, 2.2% for MT, and 1.5% for ST. Additional studies to confirm the distribution of these pathogens and to identify animal reservoirs and transmission cycles are needed to understand the risk of infection.
Improving Capture of Vaccine History: Case Study from an Evaluation of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in Kenya
Authors: Harris Aaron M. , Aol George , Ouma Dominic , Bigogo Godfrey , Montgomery Joel M. , Whitney Cynthia G. , Breiman Robert F. , Kim Lindsay
Published: May 2016

With the accelerated introduction of new vaccines in low-income settings, understanding immunization program performance is critical. We sought to improve immunization history acquisition from Ministry of Health vaccination cards during a vaccine impact study of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal carriage among young children in Kenya in 2012 and 2013. We captured immunization history in a low proportion of study participants in 2012 using vaccination cards. To overcome this challenge, we implemented a household-based reminder system in 2013 using community health workers (CHWs), and increased the retrieval of vaccine cards from 62% in 2012 to 89% in 2013 (P < 0.001). The home-based reminder system using CHWs is an example of an approach that improved immunization history data quality in a resource-poor setting.
A Case of Lagochilascariasis in Suriname with the Involvement of the ENT System and the Skull Base
Authors: Douma Joeri A. J. , Akrum Ralph A. E. , Joe Rudie Tjong Tjin , Chan Mike , Codrington John , Vreden Stephen Gerold S.
Published: May 2016

We describe a case of human lagochilascariasis, with skull-base involvement and a chronic and relapsing course after treatment. This rare parasitic infection is usually manifested in the head and neck area, characterized by progressive granulomatous inflammation and the formation of abscesses. Transmission to humans most likely occurs by the consumption of undercooked meat of wild rodents. On the basis of literature studies, we propose the most likely life cycle of the parasite that involves wild feline and rodent species, with humans as accidental hosts. Even in endemic areas, it is very difficult to recognize the disease at an early stage. Progression will eventually lead to involvement of the (central) nervous system, as described in our case. Treatment is often difficult and involves resection and prolonged treatment with anthelmintic drugs. Recurrences are not uncommon and at present, long-term oral administration of ivermectin seems to be the most effective treatment.
Malaria Transmission Under an Unusual Circumstance Causing Death in Two Siblings
Authors: Dayanand Kiran K. , Punnath Kishore , Chandrashekar Valleesha N. , Kakkilaya Srinivas B. , Ghosh Susanta K. , Tiwari Sathyanarayan N. , Achur Rajeshwara N. , Kadambi Sudarshan S. , Gowda D. Channe
Published: May 2016

Two school-going siblings from a family residing in a presumed malaria non-endemic locality ∼90 km from Mangalore city in southwestern India contracted Plasmodium falciparum infection. In both cases, misunderstanding of initial clinical symptoms as due to viral hepatitis resulted in progression to severe malaria before malaria treatment was initiated. Despite treatment at a tertiary hospital, the children died of cerebral malaria and multi-organ dysfunction. Active case detection in the affected locality suggested that the infection was transmitted from infected individuals who worked in nearby malaria-endemic areas and periodically visited their families. A lesson from this study is that lethal falciparum malaria can be transmitted in regions of India, believed to be non-endemic for the disease, resulting in fatal outcomes if diagnosis is missed or delayed. Implementation of effective surveillance and control measures as well as preparedness for malaria detection and diagnosis are necessary in areas that are potentially disposed to malaria transmission even though they are presumed to be non-endemic.
Trends in High-Value Care as Reported by Internal Medicine Program Directors
Authors: Korenstein Deborah , Weissman Arlene , Smith Cynthia D.
Published: May 2016

The value of care, defined as the relationship of cost, harm, and benefit, has garnered increased focus in recent years. Program directors (PDs) can provide information about resident skill and institutional priorities related to high-value care.Background

 The objective of the study was to evaluate changes between 2012 and 2014 in PD-reported resident skills and institutional priorities related to high-value care.Objective

 We performed annual surveys of US internal medicine PDs from 2012–2014 and evaluated responses to identical questions related to high care value. The survey was developed by the American College of Physicians and the Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine.Methods

 Response rates were 235 of 378 (62.2%) in 2012, 213 of 380 (56.1%) in 2013, and 215 of 391 (54.9%) in 2014. The majority of PDs reported that balancing benefits, harms, and costs was (1) a teaching priority; (2) the subject of didactics; (3) discussed by residents; and (4) emphasized by institutional leadership. Approximately one-third reported that unnecessary ordering occurred most or all the time, with no changes in the survey period. When asked about resident ordering compared to 3 years ago, 42.5% (88 of 207) of PDs reported residents ordering fewer unnecessary tests most or all the time in 2014, compared to 28.1% (63 of 224) in 2012 (P = .002).Results

 Internal medicine PDs reported high levels of institutional interest in and teaching of care value between 2012 and 2014, but responses for later years suggest improvement in trainees avoiding unnecessary testing.Conclusions
Sensitivity of chemistry-transport model simulations to the duration of chemical and transport operators: a case study with GEOS-Chem v10-01
Authors: Philip Sajeev , Martin Randall V. , Keller Christoph A.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Chemistry-transport models involve considerable computational expense. Fine temporal resolution offers accuracy at the expense of computation time. Assessment is needed of the sensitivity of simulation accuracy to the duration of chemical and transport operators. We conduct a series of simulations with the GEOS-Chem chemistry-transport model at different temporal and spatial resolutions to examine the sensitivity of simulated atmospheric composition to operator duration. Subsequently, we compare the species simulated with operator durations from 10 to 60 min as typically used by global chemistry-transport models, and identify the operator durations that optimize both computational expense and simulation accuracy. We find that longer continuous transport operator duration increases concentrations of emitted species such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide since a more homogeneous distribution reduces loss through chemical reactions and dry deposition. The increased concentrations of ozone precursors increase ozone production with longer transport operator duration. Longer chemical operator duration decreases sulfate and ammonium but increases nitrate due to feedbacks with in-cloud sulfur dioxide oxidation and aerosol thermodynamics. The simulation duration decreases by up to a factor of 5 from fine (5 min) to coarse (60 min) operator duration. We assess the change in simulation accuracy with resolution by comparing the root mean square difference in ground-level concentrations of nitrogen oxides, secondary inorganic aerosols, ozone and carbon monoxide with a finer temporal or spatial resolution taken as “truth”. Relative simulation error for these species increases by more than a factor of 5 from the shortest (5 min) to longest (60 min) operator duration. Chemical operator duration twice that of the transport operator duration offers more simulation accuracy per unit computation. However, the relative simulation error from coarser spatial resolution generally exceeds that from longer operator duration; e.g., degrading from 2°  ×  2.5° to 4°  ×  5° increases error by an order of magnitude. We recommend prioritizing fine spatial resolution before considering different operator durations in offline chemistry-transport models. We encourage chemistry-transport model users to specify in publications the durations of operators due to their effects on simulation accuracy.
Tackling complexity in an interdisciplinary scholarly network: Requirements for semantic publishing
Authors: Schmidt Nora
Published: May 2016

Scholarly communication is complex. The clarification of concepts like “academic publication”, “document”, “semantics” and “ontology” facilitates tracking the limitations and benefits of the media of the current publishing system, as well as of a possible alternative medium. In this paper, requirements for such a new medium of scholarly communication, labeled Scholarly Network, have been collected and a basic model has been developed. An interdisciplinary network of concepts and assertions, created with the help of Semantic Web technologies by scholars and reviewed by peers and information professionals, can provide a quick overview of the state of research. The model picks up the concept of Nanopublications, but maps information in a more granular way. For a better understanding of which problems have to be solved by developing such a publication medium, e.g., inconsistency, theories of Radical Constructivism are of great help.
The players of micro-dating: Individual and gender differences in goal orientations toward micro-dating apps
Authors: Carpenter Christopher J. , McEwan Bree
Published: May 2016

Dating apps on smartphones have brought speed dating on the Internet to a new level. This exploratory investigation sought to determine what kinds of people use these apps, what their motivations are, and what precautions they take before meeting someone. One hundred and seventy-three non-users and 57 current users of dating apps were surveyed. The data suggest that the strongest motive for using dating apps is not for dating or sex, but for entertainment. On the other hand, the more frequent users of these apps are people whose personalities are predisposed towards varied sexual partners. These different motives may represent a disconnect between those who wish to kill time and those who are seeking sexual partners.
Global Disease Monitoring and Forecasting with Wikipedia
Authors: Generous Nicholas , Fairchild Geoffrey , Deshpande Alina , Del Valle Sara Y. , Priedhorsky Reid
Published: May 2016

This poster establishes the utility of Wikipedia as a broadly effective data source for disease information, and we outline a path to a reliable, scientifically sound, operational, and global disease surveillance system that overcomes key gaps in existing traditional and internet-based techniques.
Literature Review of Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects of Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Grigoryan Anna , Bitsko Rebecca , Lee Ha Young , Lopes-Cardozo Barbara , Perou Ruth
Published: May 2016

The mental health and psychosocial implications of the 2014 Ebola outbreak are multifaceted, impacting survivors, families, healthcare providers, and the public health response. We conducted a literature review and summarized published information pertinent to mental health and psychosocial aspects of Ebola virus disease (EVD). A total of 140 documents were identified, including peer-reviewed research, newspaper articles, pamphlets, and guidelines/training manuals. One of the main obstacles in reducing the outbreak has been the widespread ignorance, and potential panic over EVD, leading to fear, isolation, and stigmatization. Using results of this review we developed stigma mitigation messages for Ebola survivors and responders.
An Exploration of Public Events and Alcohol Related Incidents
Authors: Holliday Briana A.
Published: May 2016

The objective for this research project was to see if there are predictable patterns for certain annual events in Champaign County, Illinois. The focus was on how alcohol intoxication effected the population and whether or not its effects were dangerous to the community at an alarming rate.
Syndromic Surveillance of Emergency Department Visits for the 2015 Special Olympics
Authors: Kajita Emily , Luarca Monica Z. , Chiang Choiyuk , Wu Han , Hwang Bessie
Published: May 2016

In the largest gathering of nations in Los Angeles' history, the 2015 Special Olympics (SO) welcomed approximately 6,500 athletes from 165 countries, as well as 30,000 volunteers and 500,000 spectators from July 25 to August 2, 2015. We describe how Los Angeles County's (LAC's) syndromic surveillance system was used to detect potential emerging health events congruent with SO games and pre-game events.
Three Years of Population-Based Cancer Registration in Kumasi: Providing Evidence for Population-Based Cancer Surveillance in Ghana
Authors: Laryea Dennis O. , Awittor Fred K. , Sonia Cobbold , Boadu Kwame O.
Published: May 2016

Population-based cancer registration is not common practice in developing countries. Ghana's first PBCR, the Kumasi Cancer Registry was established in 2012. We review data from the registry from 2012 to 2014. Females accounted for the majority (64.2%) of the 1,078 cases of cancer were recorded. Breast (35.1%), Cervix (23.7%), Ovary (7.9%), Liver (3.8%) and Endometrium (3.2%) were the top five cancers among females. Among males, the commonest cancers were Liver (21.8%), Prostate (17.9%), Stomach (4.1%), Lung (3.4%) and Bone marrow (2.9%). Histology was the basis of diagnosis for 58.7%. There is the need to establish more such registries in Ghana.
Experience Report: Association Between Flow Chart, Electronic Patient Record and Telephone Monitoring in the Success of Fighting Dengue Feaver in the Hospital and Emergency Services in São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
Authors: Losacco Andrea M. , Miranda Eliana V. , Martello Renata , Possendoro Karla , Pinheiro Meire A. , Falchi Gabriela
Published: May 2016

The success of fighting dengue fever at the Hospital and Emergency Service the city of São Bernardo do Campo , São Paulo, comprising 150 beds , 10 beds for general adult ICU beds and 05 pediatric ICU, about dengue cases treated . All suspected cases have been met satisfactorily in the treatment using Electronic Record Patients, telephone monitoring and flowchart. By to monitor and track these cases seen in our service, we can guide and notify 100% of cases in a timely manner, thus avoiding the complications and keeping the zero death.
“Koman i lé” : An Online Self-Reported Symptoms Surveillance System in Reunion Island
Authors: Marguerite Nadège , Vilain Pascal , Sévin Etienne , Sahridji Farid , Filleul Laurent
Published: May 2016

In Reunion Island, the population is very sensitive to public health concerns. In this context, the health authorities implemented since April 2014 a web-based surveillance system, called “Koman i lé” and based on a volunteers' cohort in general population. This surveillance system allowed to follow the seasonal influenza epidemic in 2014 and the major outbreak of conjunctivitis from January to April 2015. In conclusion, the sentinel population allows the population of Reunion Island to take an active part in the health regional policy. Information reported by individuals can increase traditional public health methods for more timely detection of disease outbreaks.
Using Laboratory Data to Aid Early Warning in Prospective Influenza Mortality Surveillance
Authors: Moa Aye M. , Muscatello David J. , Turner Robin , MacIntyre C Raina
Published: May 2016

Many countries prospectively monitor influenza-attributable mortality using a variation of the Serfling seasonal time series model. Our aim is to demonstrate use of routine laboratory-confirmed influenza surveillance data to forecast predicted influenza-attributable deaths during the current influenza season. The two models provided a reasonable forecast for 2012. The model forecasts of weekly deaths during 2012 were compared against observed deaths using root mean squared error (RMSE). The results shown that the model including influenza type A and B provided a better fit. Here, we demonstrated a time series model for influenza-attributable mortality surveillance based on laboratory surveillance information.
Denver County Clostridium difficile Trends and Associated Risk Factors 2011-2013
Authors: Oberste Anna D. , DeYoung Kathryn H. , Johnston Helen , Gravitz Stephanie , McCormick Emily , Davidson Arthur
Published: May 2016

A retrospective chart review studied 892 Denver Clostridium difficile cases from 2011 through 2013 with incident stool specimen reported to the state health department. Cases were stratified by epidemiologic classification (HFCO, CO-HCFA or CO-CA) and analyzed for associations with demographic and risk factors.Denver CDI incidence rate increased from 129/100,000 residents in 2011 to 139/100,000 residents in 2013. During the study period, the presence of underlying morbidities and antibiotic exposure increased in all onset types.
Evaluation of National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System in Nigeria, Jan-Dec 2014
Authors: Onyiah Amaka P. , Balogun Muhammad S. , Adedeji Adebayo A. , Nguku Patrick M.
Published: May 2016

National Influenza Sentinel Surveillance (NISS) was established in Nigeria in 2006 to monitor influenza occurrence in humans in Nigeria and provide a foundation for detecting outbreaks of novel strains of influenza. The evaluation was conducted to assess the performance of the surveillance system from January to December 2014 and identify factors affecting the performance. The system was determined to be useful, flexible, acceptable, and simple. However, timeliness and stability need to be strengthened.
Epidemic Situation in Ukraine Related to the Quality of Drinking Water
Authors: Rudenko Iryna
Published: May 2016

70 outbreaks of severe enteric infections were registered among the population in 19 administrative territories in Ukraine over the past 17 years. The source of infection was poor-quality water. A total of 8265 people acquired an infection, 4140 of them were children. Most outbreaks were related to the piped water contaminated by rotaviruses, as a result of emergencies in the water supply and sanitation systems.
Interest of Prospective Spatio-Temporal Analysis from ED Data to Detect Unusual Health Events
Authors: Vilain Pascal , Cossin Sébastien , Filleul Laurent
Published: May 2016

In Reunion Island, a prospective computer-automated space-time analysis hab been implemented in order to launch daily analyses of ED visits. This tool allowed to the early detection of several infectious diseases outbreak such as a gastroenteritis cluster or a local outbreak of conjunctivitis that spread throughout the island.
Enhancing EpiCenter Data Quality Analytics with R
Authors: Walsh Andrew
Published: May 2016

The R ecosystem provides a wide range of analytic methods. Previous efforts to integrate R in EpiCenter were hindered by the state of the R/Java interface. By using the PL/R extension to make R available to EpiCenter via the PostgreSQL backend, this limitation can be avoided. Regression models were used to improve data quality analytics options, demonstrating the advantages and potential of making R available within EpiCenter.
Evaluating the BioSense Syndrome for Heat-Related Illness in Maricopa County, Arizona
Authors: White Jessica R. , Goodin Kate , Berisha Vjollca
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pre-defined "Heat, excessive" query in BioSense 2.0 using data from Maricopa County, Arizona. BioSense was used to produce a line list of 539 patient records from the period between 1/1/15 and 8/15/15. Records with a clinical diagnosis for heat-related illness (HRI) were classified as confirmed HRI cases (N = 268). The chief complaints of the remaining 271 records were reviewed manually; 148 records were probable HRI cases and 91 records were ruled out for HRI. To make the query more specific, a list of potential exclusion terms was created and evaluated.
Analysis of ED and UCC Visits Related to Synthetic Marijuana in ESSENCE-FL, 2010-2015
Authors: Wiese Michael , Clark Charles R.
Published: May 2016

One of the numerous functions of syndromic data has been the identification of visits of interest using customized free text queries. For this study a specific query was created to search for and identify visits possibly related to the use of synthetic marijuana. This presentation will quantify this public health issue in Florida as well discuss the use of free text queries to identify visits related to other, even newer, synthetic drugs.
Triage Notes in Syndromic Surveillance – A Double Edged Sword
Authors: Faigen Zachary , Ising Amy , Deyneka Lana , Waller Anna E.
Published: May 2016

The advent of Meaningful Use has allowed for the expansion of data collected at the hospital level and received by public health for syndromic surveillance. The triage note, a free text expansion on the chief complaint, is one of the many variables that are becoming commonplace in syndromic surveillance data feeds. This roundtable will provide a forum for the ISDS community to discuss the use of emergency department triage notes in syndromic surveillance. It will be an opportunity to discuss both the benefits of having this variable included in syndromic surveillance data feeds, as well as the drawbacks and challenges associated with working with such a detailed data field.
Preliminary Look into the ICD9/10 Transition Impact on Public Health Surveillance
Authors: Hicks Peter , Pavlin Julie A. , Baer Atar , Swenson David J. , Lampkins Rebecca , Jayatilleke Achala U. , Kite-Powell Aaron , Evans Brooke , Streichert Laura
Published: May 2016

The "Preliminary Look into the Icd9/10 Transition Impact on Public Health Surveillance" roundtable will provide a forum for the syndromic surveillance Community of Practice (CoP) to discuss the public health impacts from the ICD-10-CM conversion, and to support jurisdictional public health practices with this transition. The discussion will be aimed at identifying conversion challenges, solutions, and best practices.
Queimaduras domésticas na população infantojuvenil: atendimentos de urgência e emergência
Authors: Brito Jackeline Gonçalves , Martins Christine Baccarat de Godoy
Published: May 2016

Estudo cujo objetivo foi analisar as queimaduras domiciliares decorrentes de exposição à corrente elétrica/radiação/temperatura, fumaça/fogo/chamas e contato com fonte de calor/substâncias quentes, em vítimas crianças, adolescentes e jovens, atendidos em serviço de urgência/emergência de referência. Estudo descritivo, transversal, com vítimas de queimaduras domiciliares (entre zero a 24 anos) atendidas por serviço de pronto-atendimento em uma capital do centro oeste brasileiro, no ano de 2013. Foram estudadas 84 vítimas de queimaduras domiciliares, prevaleceu o sexo feminino (59,5%) e a faixa etária de 1-4 anos (27,4%). As queimaduras mais frequentes foram por contato com fonte de calor/substâncias quentes (82,1%) e exposição à fumaça/fogo/chamas (15,5%). As regiões corpóreas mais atingidas foram cabeça, tronco, membros superiores e inferiores (90,5%) e prevaleceu a queimadura de segundo grau (40,5%). Queimaduras domiciliares atingem significativamente o público infantojuvenil com destaque para o sexo feminino, apontando para a importância de atividades preventivas e educativas direcionadas para as meninas.
Da doença estigmatizante à ressignificação de viver em situação de rua
Authors: Antunes Clara Maria Conde , Rosa Anderson Silva , Brêtas Ana Cristina Passarella
Published: May 2016

Este estudo qualitativo utilizou o método da história oral – modalidade temática – com o objetivo de compreender as relações existentes no processo de ressignificação da vida na rua a partir do diagnóstico de uma doença socialmente estigmatizante. Foi desenvolvido em um Centro de Acolhida, com cinco pessoas vivendo em situação de rua, portadoras de doenças socialmente estigmatizantes. Da análise emergiram duas categorias: A doença estigmatizante; Ressignificando a vida. Depreendemos que ser portador de doenças carregadas de estigma, preconceito e medo contribui com a fragilização dos vínculos sociais, amplia as vulnerabilidades individuais e as chances de ingresso e/ou perpetuação da vida em situação de rua. O autoconhecimento em relação à doença e a reflexão sobre a própria finitude contribuem para a ressignificação da vida. Os simbolismos que envolvem cada uma das doenças discutidas são pouco sensíveis às intervenções das políticas públicas para este fim.
Classificação dos pacientes segundo o risco de complicações e mortalidade após cirurgias cardíacas eletivas
Authors: Dessotte Carina Aparecida Marosti , Figueiredo Mariana Lopes , Rodrigues Hélen Francine , Furuya Rejane Kiyomi , Rossi Lidia Aparecida , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti
Published: May 2016

O objetivo da investigação foi classificar os pacientes segundo o risco de complicações e mortalidade após cirurgias cardíacas eletivas, utilizando o Sistema de Escore Clínico de Risco de Tuman. Estudo descritivo, desenvolvido em um hospital universitário do interior de São Paulo, Brasil, entre agosto de 2013 e fevereiro de 2015. Uma amostra consecutiva e não probabilística foi constituída por pacientes submetidos à primeira cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio e/ou cirurgias para correção de valvulopatias, e com agendamento eletivo de suas cirurgias. Resultados: participaram 125 pacientes. A maioria apresentou baixo risco para o desenvolvimento de complicações pós-operatórias e mortalidade (n=110; 88%). É esperada uma taxa de complicação pós-operatória de 14,6% e uma taxa de 3,3% de mortalidade para esses pacientes. Nessa pesquisa, a maioria dos pacientes submetidos pela primeira vez às cirurgias cardíacas eletivas apresentou baixo risco para o desenvolvimento de complicações pós-operatórias e mortalidade.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Williams Richard
Published: May 2016

Journal of Agricultural Studies (JAS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from September 1, 2014, March to 1, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period.Ashit Kumar PaulCarlos Alberto Zúniga GonzálezEliana Mariela WerbinGerardo OjedaHui GuoMirza HasanuzzamanMohammad Reza AlizadehPramod Kumar MishraSahar BahmaniSait EngindenizTran Dang KhanhWaldiney MelloZakaria Fouad Abdallah
Effects of Plant Pattern and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Silage Corn Cultivars
Authors: Haddadi Mohammad Hossein , Mohseni Masoud
Published: May 2016

To study effect of sowing pattern and nitrogen on maize silage yield and its dependents components a trial was done at split-split plot design in compeletly randomized block at four replications in Qrakheil(Qaemshahr) agricultural research station in 2015 in Iran. Row spacing was chosen as main plots including: 65cm, 75cm and 85cm.Two cultivars (Sc704 and Sc770) in sub plots and three levels of N (250, 350 and 450 kg ha1) in sub-sub plots were laid out. Silage forage yield, ear and dry ear yield, leaf and dry leaf yield, plant dry weight and stem and dry stem weight,plant height , ear height,kernel number in ear row and row number in ear were measured.The results indicated that row spacing, were not affected on investigated traits. While nitrogen effected on silage yield, ear and dry ear yield, leaf and dry leaf yield, plant dry weight and stem and dry stem weight, plant height and ear height and showed significant difference. Sc704 had significant difference on plant silage weight, dry and wet stem weight with Sc770. Amount of 350kg/ha nitrogen was caused the most silage yield (36.74t/ha) and plant dry weight (16.64 t/ha) that had not significant difference with usage of 450kg/ha nitrogen(16.46 t/ha). Amount of 450kg/ha nitrogen was caused the most silage yield (37.30t/ha) that had not significant difference with usage of 350kg/ha nitrogen (36.74 t/ha). The most silage yield (38.21t/ha) obtained from Sc704 that was better than Sc770 (34.22 t/ha). The most plant dry weight (16.54) obtained from Sc704 that had not significant difference with Sc770 (15.92 t/ha).
STEM Field Persistence: The Impact of Engagement on Postsecondary STEM Persistence for Underrepresented Minority Students
Authors: Flynn Daniel T.
Published: May 2016

Persistence studies in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields indicate that the pipeline to degree attainment is “leaky” and underrepresented minorities are not persisting in the STEM fields. Those students who do not persist in the STEM fields either migrate to other fields of study or drop out of higher education altogether. Studies of STEM student attrition point to a student perception of faculty disconnection from students calling this the “chilly climate” (Seymour & Hewitt, 1997). Engagement theory states, “…it is the individual’s integration into the academic and social systems of the college that most directly related to his continuance in that college” (Tinto, 1993). A “chilly climate” in the STEM fields could then reflect in measures of academic and social engagement. This study uses the Beginning Postsecondary Longitudinal Student Survey, 2004-2009 (BPS:04/09) (Cominole, Wheeless, Dudley, Franklin, & Wine, 2007) and logistic regression analyses to examine academic and social engagements’ impact on STEM field persistence in postsecondary education, net of individual and institutional factors. Analysis by ethnicity, initial major, and engagement demonstrate that underrepresented minorities have different engagement patterns, but these engagement behaviors do not contribute significantly to staying in the STEM fields.
Performed Authenticity: Narrating the Self in the Comic Monologues of David Sedaris, John Leguizamo, and Spalding Gray
Authors: Chirico Miriam
Published: May 2016

Stand-up comedy and comic monologues involve a paradox: the performers convey authenticity even while staging a performance. By juggling multiple selves during the act, the monologist appears authentic not only because of the autobiographical premise commonly invoked in the genre, but also because of the implication that a truer self will emerge from behind the public façade. This article tracks how three dissimilar monologists—David Sedaris, John Leguizamo, and Spalding Gray—comically contrast their performed and authentic identities. The comedic devices used, such as status-changing humor, mimicry, or ironic distancing, convey the impression that beneath the monologist's performance self lies a latent self that resonates affectively with the audience. All three monologists play with this dualistic self by constructing a public mask that breaks the moment an authentic self is revealed.