bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma perspectiva de Direitos Humanos para decriptar a ascensão da Internet das Coisas (IoT)
Authors: Belli Luca
Published: April 2020

A Internet das Coisas (IoT, na sigla em inglês) é um fenômeno anunciado por seus proponentes como uma verdadeira propulsora da próxima revolução industrial, capaz de gerar ganhos consideráveis em termos de eficiência e crescimento.  Porém, juntos com as vantagens que a IoT pode determinar, parece necessário avaliar as consequências que tal fenômeno é susceptível de desencadear sobre o pleno gozo dos Direitos Humanos e Fundamentais.

O objetivo deste artigo é, portanto, investigar brevemente quais evoluções tecnológicas estão conduzindo - e sendo possibilitadas - pela IoT, qual pode ser o impacto da IoT sobre os direitos dos indivíduos. O artigo analisa elementos que poderiam permitir aos poderes públicos e às empresas de enfrentar os desafios da IoT favorecendo, de maneira sinérgica, o desenvolvimento de sistemas de IoT responsáveis, em conformidade aos Princípios Orientadores das Nações Unidas sobre Empresas e Direitos Humanos.

Primeiramente, este artigo analisará o fenômeno da IoT, enfatizando a íntima ligação entre os fenômenos da IoT, Big Data e Inteligência Artificial. A segunda seção examinará brevemente o impacto que os fenômenos acima mencionados podem ter no pleno gozo dos Direitos Humanos e Fundamentais, fornecendo alguns exemplos concretos. A seção final fornecerá algumas sugestões sobre como Estados e empresas podem implementar os Princípios de forma eficaz.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a phenomenon announced by its proponents as a true propellant of the next industrial revolution, able to generate considerable gains in terms of efficiency and growth. However, together with the benefits that the IoT can unleash, it seems necessary to evaluate the consequences that such phenomenon can deploy on the full enjoyment of Fundamental Huma Rights.

The purpose of this article is, therefore, to briefly investigate what technological evolutions are driving – and being enabled by – the IoT, what could be the impact of the IoT on individuals’ rights. The article analyses what elements could allow public and private stakeholder to face the challenges of the IoT, while facilitating, in synergy, the development of responsible IoT systems, in compliance with United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.

First, this paper will analyse the IoT phenomenon, stressing the intimate link between the IoT and the Big Data and Artificial Intelligence phenomena. The second section will briefly scrutinise the impact that the aforementioned phenomena may have on the full enjoyment of Fundamental Human Rights, providing some concrete examples. The concluding section will provide some suggestions on how states and businesses can implement the Principles effectively.
A Educação Básica no Brasil:
Authors: Barroso Luís Roberto
Published: April 2020

O propósito desse trabalho é o de sistematizar estudos, relatórios, artigos e reflexões diversas acerca da Educação Básica no Brasil. Trata-se de uma tentativa de ampliar o interesse por um dos temas mais importantes na construção de um país, sensibilizando o público de uma maneira geral, inclusive a comunidade jurídica. Este trabalho, nasceu das minhas próprias inquietações na matéria e da interlocução valiosa com inúmeros especialistas, entidades e instituições dedicados ao tema. Na sua elaboração, beneficiei-me de diversos estudos internacionais, como o Global Education Monitoring Report, The Education Comission Report, World Bank: Early Childhood Education, OECD: Education Policy Outlook – Brazil, entre outros. Também me vali de artigos, documentos e avaliações nacionais, como INEP: anotações sobre o censo escolar, Censo escolar: notas estatísticas e Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Destaco, também, a publicação Educação em pauta, coordenada por Maria Helena Guimarães Castro e Raphael Callou, patrocinada pela Organização dos Estados Ibero-americanos. Importante mencionar, também, documentos, estudos e eventos promovidos por organizações da sociedade civil, como Todos pela Educação, Instituto Ayrton Senna e Fundação Lemann, entre muitas outras, que contribuíram para dar visibilidade e qualidade ao debate público na matéria. O maior problema do Ensino Fundamental é a não alfabetização da criança na idade certa. A esse fato se somam os índices de reprovação e a distorção idade-série. O maior problema do Ensino Médio é a evasão escolar, que atinge um percentual de 11,2%. Cerca de 3 milhões de jovens entre 15 e 17 anos estão fora da escola. Esses dados os tornam mais suscetíveis ao desemprego, ao subemprego na informalidade, à violência e ao crime. Crianças ao final do Ensino Fundamental e jovens ao final do Ensino Médio apresentam grande déficit de aprendizado, não tendo aprendido habilidades mínimas de Linguagem e de Matemática. Tal conclusão decorre das avaliações tanto do SAEB, conduzido pelo INEP, quanto do PISA, realizado pelo OCDE.
Gas molding of structure parts at non-linear ductile deformation of anisotropic materials
Authors: Chudin Vladimir , Larin Sergey
Published: April 2020

There are offered correlations for the computation of gas shaping technological parameters of structure elements. A state of material non-linear viscosity (creep) is accepted. The energetic equilibrium equation, equations of damage capacity and a criterion of local deformation stability are used. There is computed gas pressure, operation duration (time), material damage capacity, critical deformation at the formation of volume casing. Product samples are presented.
Adaptation of the Relationship in the "Parasite–Host" System with Parasitism Paramphistomum сervi in the Small Intestine of Sheeps
Authors: Bibik Oksana I. , Arkhipov Ivan A. , Nacheva Lyubov V. , Boborykin Miсhail S.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the research is studying microstructural changes in the process of adaptation of components during the formation of the “parasite–host” system by the example of Paramphistomum cervi (Zeder, 1790) parasitizing in the small intestine of spontaneously infected sheep. Materials and methods. Peculiarities of changes in the microstructure of the small intestine in the “parasite–host” system were studied using parasitization of P. cervi in the intestines of sheep using well-known histological methods. Pieces of tissue of the small intestine of sheep with P. cervi, after being preserved in 70% alcohol, were processed according to the generally accepted histological procedure and embedded in paraffin. Sections 5–7 μm in thickness were stained with histological stains and examined under a light microscope. Results and discussion. Microstructural analysis of the characteristics of the relationship in the "parasite–host" system showed that the mucous membrane of the small intestine of sheep in the presence of P. cervi looks sharply thickened. Swelling of the epithelium of villi and crypts, its vacuolization and albuminoid degeneration were found. In some places, proliferation of the epithelial layer of the mucous membrane was detected, due to which epithelial hyperplasia is observed, in some cases turning into metaplasia. Proliferation and hyperplasia (metaplasia) in the endostation of the host in the presence of the parasite contribute to: 1. stability of the parasite-host system and the participation of trematodes in trophism; 2. determination of the clinical and morphological picture of trematodose; 3. predicting the effects of this pathology on the host. Adhesion in the microstructural complex “trematode tegument – epithelial tissue of the villi of the small intestine” in ovine paramphistomosis at the contact level of two glycocalyx layers – the tegument of P. cervi and the surface of the epithelial cells of the villi of the host’s intestine, as well as single histological staining of the sites of contact between the parasite and the host as a result of mixing the components of the trematode tegument and the tissue of the host’s small intestine with deep adhesion indicate the established mutual relations between the components of a single system "parasite–host".
Study of the Effectiveness of a Supramolecular Complex Based on Albendazole and Triclabendazole (Altric-Extra) Against Nematodes of the Digestive Tract and Fasciola spp. in Sheep Under Production Conditions
Authors: Lagereva Ekaterina V. , Abramov Vladislav E. , Musaev Mauldi B. , Vatsaev Shahab V. , Dzhamalova Aishat Z. , Bersanova Kheda I.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the research is to test the effectiveness of the supramolecular complex of albendazole and triclabendazole (Altric-Extra) in case of fasciolosis and nematodoses of the digestive tract of sheep under production conditions. Materials and methods. The test of the effectiveness of Altrik-Extra was carried out in the North Caucasus Federal District of the Chechen Republic in July 2019 on 205 sheep of the Tushino breed, spontaneously infected by gastrointestinal nematodes and Fasciola sp. Sheep infection with helminths was established by fecal examination by Fülleborn using ammonium nitrate. The average number of helminth eggs in 1 g of feces was determined using a VIGIS camera. Altric-Extra was given at a dose of 5 mg/ kg of AS (2.5 mg of albendazole and triclabendazole respectively) or 50 mg/kg in the preparation in a mixture with mixed feed by the group method. The effectiveness of the drug was determined by the results of fecal studies 14 and 25 days after deworming. After giving the drugs for three days, the clinical condition of the experimental sheep was monitored. Altric-Extra effectiveness was evaluated using the “critical test” method according to the Guidelines approved by the World Association for the Progress of Veterinary Parasitology (1995).
Results and discussion. The Altric-Extra supramolecular complex in a therapeutic dose of 5.0 mg/kg of AS (for the preparation of 50 mg/kg) was 100% effective against gastrointestinal nematodes and Fasciola sp. of sheep. The sheep ate a mixture of the preparation with mixed feed; it is convenient to set in a group method; side effects after deworming is not observed.
PENERAPAN SOFTWARE GEOGEBRA PADA PEMBELAJARAN TOPIK LINGKARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: TLS Desyarti Safarini , Adyan Faqih Al
Published: April 2020

Matematika merupakan salah satu bidang ilmu yang dianggap sulit oleh kebanyakan siswa, sehingga tidak sedikit siswa yang memperoleh hasil belajar matematika yang rendah. Penggunaan media pembelajaran dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami konsep matematika yang pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan hasil belajarnya. Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai penerapan media software GeoGebra pada pembelajaran topik lingkaran di suatu Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) di Jakarta dan mendeskripsikan tentang bagaimana hasil belajar siswa dapat meningkat melalui pembelajaran tersebut. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik analisa data model Miles dan Huberman dan melalui proses triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan media software GeoGebra dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami materi pada topik lingkaran, sehingga hasil belajar siswa meningkat sebesar 30%.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK PADA POKOK BAHASAN PECAHAN
Authors: Fatwa Inayanti
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) yang ujicoba terbatas dilaksanakan di SDN No.1 Centre Pattallassang dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran pada pokok bahasan Pecahan di kelas IVA SD dengan pendekatan matematika realistik. Prosedur pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengacu pada model Thiagarajan (Model 4-D). Perangkat pembelajaran yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini meliputi: Buku Siswa (BS), Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS), Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), dan Tes Hasil Belajar (THB). Perangkat pembelajaran yang dihasilkan telah dilakukan penyempurnaan berdasarkan masukan dan saran dari para ahli yang berkompeten dan ujicoba terbatas di kelas. Adapun hasil dari ujicoba terbatas menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tingkat kemampuan siswa untuk tes hasil belajar pada siswa kelas IVA SDN No.1 Centre Pattallassang dalam memahami masalah pecahan dikategorikan tinggi, dengan skor rata-rata 73,60 dari skor maksimal 100 dengan standar deviasi 14,31; (2) dengan menggunakan perangkat pembelajaran matematika realistik, siswa jadi lebih aktif dalam proses pembelajaran; (3) pada umumnya siswa memberikan respons yang positif terhadap perangkat pembelajaran yang digunakan; (4) tingkat kemampuan guru dalam mengelola proses pembelajaran matematika realistik termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, artinya penampilan guru dapat dipertahankan.
الأمن الوجودي لدى طلبة المرحلة الإعدادية
Authors: الحركاني فوز فاضل
Published: April 2020

مستخلص البحث :

يستهدف البحث الحالي تعرف على الامن الوجودي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية والفروق ذات الدلالة الاحصائية في الامن الوجودي لدى طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية تبعاً لمتغير النوع (ذكور , اناث ) والصف الدراسي (الرابع , الخامس ) والتخصص ( علمي , ادبي ) . وتحقيقاً لذلك قامت الباحثة بتبني مقياس الامن الوجودي والذي تكون من (28) فقرة , وتم عرضه على مجموعة من المحكمين للحكم على صلاحية فقراته , وتم استخراج الخصائص السايكومترية له من خلال تطبيقه على عينة البحث (400) طالب وطالبة من المرحلة الاعدادية اختيروا بالطريقة العشوائية الطبقية , وتحققت الباحثة من ثبات المقياس بطريقتين هما :إعادة الاختبار وبلغ معامل الثبات (0,83) , وباستعمال معادلة الفاكرونباخ الذي بلغ (0,80 ) وقد توصلت الباحثة الى نتائج مفادها ان طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية يتمتعون بمستوى ضعيف في الامن الوجودي ,الذكور افضل من الاناث في الامن الوجودي ,ولا يوجد فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بالنسبة لمتغير الصف والتخصص .
جهود عبد العليّ الودغيريّ في المعجم التاريخيّ
Authors: الشمريّ علياء علويّ سبع
Published: April 2020

تشكل دراسة المعجم أداة تواصليّة مهمّة قديماً وحديثاً، وقد زادت أهمّيّة المعاجم في العقود الأخيرة، وأدخلت الوسائل التقنيّة في صناعتها، وأصبحت أهم مميّزات العصر في تحقيق التفاعل والتواصل بين الشعوب، وعلى الرغم من أنّ الثقافة العربيّة لها تجربة غنية في صناعة المعاجم إلا أنّها تفتقد إلى معجم تاريخيّ على الرغم ممّا قدّمه اللغويّين من مشاريع وخطوات لإنجازه إلّا أنّه من الصعب تطبقه بيسر، وفي ضوء ما تقدّم تسعى الدراسة لتتبع جهود العالم اللُّغويّ عبد العليّ الودغيريّ في المعجم التاريخيّ عبر بيان مفهوم المعجم التاريخيّ، ووظائفه، وأنواعه، وأهمّيته، وأهم العناصر التي يقوم عليها، والفرق بين المعجم التاريخيّ والتأثيليّ، والخطّة التي وضعها لإنجاز المعجم التاريخيّ، وبذلك يعدّ الودغيريّ واحد من المعجميين العرب الذين كرسوا جزء مهم من جهودهم للظفر بمعجم تاريخي يحفظ لنا اللغة العربية.
التحليل الجغرافي لأثر الالعاب الالكترونية على تدني مستوى التعليم الابتدائي للذكور في مدينة الكوت
Authors: البدري م.د.وسام عبد الحسن
Published: April 2020

تشكل الالعاب الالكترونية جزءاً رئيسياً في حياة التلاميذ صغار السن كونها تعمل على توفير جانب اللهو والترفيه الا أنها عندما تكون على حساب الجانب الدراسي فأنها تمثل مشكلة كبيرة ينعكس تأثيرها على مستويات  نجاح التلاميذ فالبحث يهدف في طياتهِ الى دراسة اسباب تدني مستويات النجاح وتحليل العوامل الجغرافية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية وأثرها على الأسر الذين يعانون من تدني نتائج ابنائهم وتبيان دور الالعاب الالكترونية التي يمارسها التلاميذ الذكور للمرحلة الابتدائية على تزايد معدلات الرسوب بداً من نوع الاجهزة المستخدمة ومدى توافر الانترنت والوقت المستغرق باللعب وذلك للوقوف على حجم المشكلة الحقيقي وتوضيح الاثار والأضرار الناجمة عن ذلك ووضع الحلول الملائمة.
دور المنطق المرن في تطوير أبحاث الذكاء الاصطناعي في مجال اللغة
Authors: مذكور د. مليكة
Published: April 2020

الملخص:

     اعتمد الذكاء الاصطناعي في البداية على اللغة الرقمية والمنطق ثنائي القيم الذي يقوم على مبدأ عدم التناقض والثالث المرفوع، لكن نظرا لمحدودية هذا الذكاء في التعامل مع المعلومات الغامضة والفضفاضة، اتجه علماء الذكاء الاصطناعي إلى الاعتماد على المنطق المرن الذي بيّن أن الغموض لا ينبغي التخلص منه بل لابد من استثماره والتعامل معه، وتحويله إلى مظهر من مظاهر الدقة  و الوضوح .

الإشكالية: كيف ساهم المنطق المرن في تطوير أبحاث الذكاء الاصطناعي خاصة مع ظهور أبحاث الذكاء الاصطناعي الفائق؟.
دور التعليم الرقمي في تحسين المهارات الرقمية للمعلم والمتعلم في درس اللغة الأجنبية
Authors: جبر عبره د. قاسم
Published: April 2020

Digitales oder elektronisches Lernen stellt eine effektive Grundlage für die Konsolidierung der verschiedenen Informationen und Daten in den Bildungs- undschulische und andere Bildungsumgebungen dar. Ziel ist es, dieses Lernen in unterschiedlichen Kontexten zu installieren und zu vollziehen, derer es bedarf, um bei der Ausführung verschiedener Leistungen optimal eingesetzt zu werden, ob es sich dabei um physische Produktion oder Wissen oder sogar um Dienstleistungen handelt. In diesem Sinne wollen heutige Gesellschaften diese Art des Lernens anwenden, um mit der Entwicklung der Bedürfnisse und Interessen des Einzelnen entsprechend den Ansprüchen an Lebensqualität ihrer Bürger zu entsprechen.
آثار الزواج المبكر عند الفتيات في المجتمع العراقي
Authors: حمه سعيد م. م. ارام توفيق
Published: April 2020

الملخص : ان سبب اختيار موضوع بحثنا (الآثار الزواج المبكر عند الفتيات في المجتمع العراقي )  يعود الى قضية زيادة العدد و الحجم و المشاكل و الآثار التي تنتج عن المشروع الزواج المبكر لا زالت مستمر في المجتمع العراقي ، رغم ان هذا الزواج  هو نوع من العنف المجتمعى الذى يمارس ضد الفتيات القاصرات خاصة أنهن لا يكن من الناحية الواقعية (جسدياً ونفسياً) مؤهلات لإتمام الزواج ، ولذلك تتناول هذه الدراسة آثار الزواج المبكر بين جميع المراة اللواتى مشروع  زواجهن في سن مبكر ، و ايضا تعرف على علاقة مشروع الزواج في سن مبكر و استخدام العنف في الحياة الزوجية لدى الزوجين . وفي هذا السياق كتبنا مقدمة و  قمنا بتوضيع بحثنا الى اربع الفصول ، فصل الاول تكون من تحديد  مشكلة البحث التي دفعتهما إلى  اختيار هذا الموضوع و أهمية هذا البحث الميداني ، وأيضا اشرنا الى أهم الأهداف في هذا البحث ، من أجل تحقيقها، وفي الفصل الثاني : الآثار و تصنيف العنف النوعي(الجندر) عند الزواج المبكر  : واستخدمنا في الفصل الثالث منهج المسح الاجتماعي و يشمل مجتمع هذه الدراسة الفتياة (امراة ) المقيمين في مخيم النازحين في منطقة كرميان (تازدى-قورةتو) وعددهن  (165 )فقط من المجموع الكلى نساءهن تزوج في سن المبكر ، واستخدمنا الوسائل الاحصائية و  وأيضا طرحنا مجموعة من السؤال خاص من ضمن الاستبيان  التى يحاول الإجابة عليها من خلال الجزء الميداني في هذا البحث ، وفي الفصل الرابع و اخر قمنا : تحليل البيانات الميداينة و اهم النتائج لهذا البحث .
هرمنيوطيقا النص المقدس
Authors: الحيدري أ.م.د. إحسان علي عبد الأمير
Published: April 2020

المستخلص:

نتناول في بحثنا الحالي موضوع الهرمنيوطيقا الدينية، فتكون البداية مع البحث عن جذور الهرمنيوطيقا في الفلسفة اليونانية، ثم كيف تم تناولها في تفسير النصوص الدينية في الفكر اليهودي، وبعدها الانتقال إلى موضوع تناولها في تفسير النصوص الدينية في الفكر المسيحي، من خلال التطرق إلى أبرز الشخصيات الفلسفية واللاهوتية التي تعاملت مع النصوص المقدسة من زاوية هرمنيوطيقية، كذلك الحديث عن أهم المناهج التفسيرية التي استعملها الفلاسفة واللاهوتيون في تفسيرهم لكلمات النصوص المقدسة، وكان أبرزها المنهج الحرفي والمنهج الرمزي، حيث ركّز المنهج الأول على القواعد النحوية للكلمات، في حين ركّز المنهج الثاني على التأويل المجازي للعبارات الدينية، وكانت بدايتنا مع أول شخصية تناولت الهرمنيوطيقا الدينية هو فيلون الإسكندري في القرن الأول الميلادي، وانتهينا مع أول شخصية ذكرت كلمة "هرمنيوطيقا" كعنوان رئيسي في أحد مؤلفاته وذلك هو دانهاور في القرن السابع عشر الميلادي.
صفحات منسية في حياة المؤرخ الدكتور عبد الله الفياض قراءة في جهوده ونشاطاته الأدبية
Authors: يوسف الركابي أ.د. عكاب
Published: April 2020

بالرغم من إن الدكتور عبد الله الفياض، شخصية تاريخية عرفت بنتاجاتها التاريخية في حقل التاريخ الاسلامي والتاريخ الحديث، إلا إن تلك الشخصية كانت متعددة المواهب ولها اسهامات ونتاجات واسعة في حقول المعرفة الأخرى إذ كتب في الشعر وساهم في الصحافة وله كتابات أدبية في كتابة المسرحية وغيرها.

 في هذا البحث نحاول اليوم - ولأول مرة - إن نميط اللثام عن جانب أخر من مواهب الدكتور عبد الله الفياض، إلا وهو جهوده ونتاجه في حقل الأدب إذ سنتناول في هذا الصدد الجانب الأدبي من حياة الدكتور الفياض ومحاولاته كتابة الشعر والمسرحية وكل مبتغانا من ذلك هو ألقاء الضوء على هذا الجانب المنسي عند الدكتور الفياض .
ARTICLE IMPLEMENTASI FTP SERVER DENGAN METODE TRANSFER LAYER SECURITY UNTUK KEAMANAN TRANSFER DATA(MAULIDUN NUR)
Authors: Nur Maulidun
Published: April 2020

AbstractInformasi sangatlah dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan, untuk mendapatkan informasi dan bertukar informasi sangatlah mudah untuk dilakukan kapan saja dan dimana saja. Informasi meliputi file dan data, jaringan komputer merupakan salah satu hal yang penting untuk pertukaran informasi. Salah satu media yang dapat digunakan adalah FTP (File Transfer Protocol) yaitu aplikasi untuk tukar menukar data antara client dengan server dalam satu jaringan, dengan cara client mengupload file yang tersimpan di hard disk server dan dapat diakses selama client terhubung dengan jaringan internet.Seiring berkembangnya teknologi saat ini file penting yang diupload dan didownload sangat rentan dengan kejahatan dunia internet seperti tool wireshark yang dapat mengetahuiusername, password, dan file yang diupload dan didownload oleh client. Maka dari itu dibuatlah FTP server dengan sistem keamanan transfer data. FTP server yang telah diaktifkan fitur TLS (Transfer Layer Security) dapat mengamankan informasi username, password, dan file yang diupload dan didownload oleh client tidak dapat dibaca oleh tool wireshark.Dalam mencegah penuhnya kapasitas hard disk server, maka digunakanlah Disk Quota yang berfungsi untuk memberikan batasan kuota client dalam melakukan upload. Dengan demikian FTP server yang belum menggunakan TLS maka username, password dan file dapat dibaca oleh tool wireshark. Sedangkan FTP server yang telah menggunakan TLS lebih aman karena username, password dan file tidak dibaca oleh tool wireshark.
Parents’ beliefs about their influence on children’s scientific and religious views: Perspectives from Iran, China and the United States
Authors: McLoughlin Niamh , Davoodi Telli , Cui Yixin Kelly , Clegg Jennifer , Harris Paul L. , Corriveau Kathleen H.
Published: April 2020

Parents in Iran, China and the United States were asked 1) about their potential influence on their children's religious and scientific views and 2) to consider a situation in which their children expressed dissent. The Iranian and US parents endorsed their influence on children's beliefs in both domains. By contrast, Chinese parents claimed more influence in the domain of science than religion. Most parents spoke of influencing their children via Parent-only mechanisms in each domain (e.g., discussion, teaching), although US parents did spontaneously note Multiple sources for the transmission of religious views (e.g., church, other influential adults). Parents proposed a similar stance towards children’s dissenting religious and scientific views. Chinese and US parents were more likely to express Supportive approaches and Iranian parents were more likely to express a Directive approach by comparison. The present research informs our understanding of the cultural transmission of views about science and religion.
PROBIOTIC BACTERIA AGAINST THE COVID-19
Authors: Bozkurt Hüseyin S
Published: April 2020

COVID-19 is a pandemic virus that manifests itself with respiratory distress as well as leading to symptoms and signs associated with the gastrointestinal tract. Possible therapeutic and protective effects of probiotic bacteria on the immunological mechanisms of action in the gastrointestinal system may be important for development of future treatment and preventive modalities.
Language change and language evolution: Cousins, siblings, twins?
Authors: Hartmann Stefan
Published: April 2020

The relationship between “language change” and “language evolution” has recently become subject to some debate regarding the scope of both concepts. It has been claimed that while the latter used to refer to language origins in the first place, both terms can now, to a certain extent, be used synonymously. In this paper, I argue that this can partly be explained by parallel develop-ments both in historical linguistics and in the field of language evolution research that have led to a considerable amount of convergence between both fields. Both have adopted usage-based approaches and data-driven methods, which entails similar research questions and similar perspectives on the phenomena under investigation. This has ramifications for current models and theories of language change (or evolution). Two approaches in particular – the concept of com-plex adaptive systems and construction grammar – have been combined in integrated approaches that seek to explain both language emergence and language change over historical time. I discuss the potential and limitations of this integrated approach, and I argue that there is still some unex-plored potential for cross-fertilization.
Musical style affects the strength of harmonic expectancy
Authors: Vuvan Dominique T , Hughes Bryn
Published: April 2020

Research in music perception has typically focused on common-practice music (tonal music from the Western European tradition, ca. 1750–1900) as a model of Western musical structure. However, recent research indicates that different styles within Western tonal music may follow distinct harmonic syntaxes. The current study investigated whether listeners can adapt their harmonic expectations when listening to different musical styles. In two experiments, listeners were presented with short musical excerpts that primed either rock or classical music, followed by a timbre-matched cadence. Results from both experiments indicated that listeners prefer V-I cadences over bVII-I cadences within a classical context, but that this preference is significantly diminished in a rock context. Our findings provide empirical support for the idea that different musical styles do employ different harmonic syntaxes. Furthermore, listeners are not only sensitive to these differences, but are able to adapt their expectations depending on the listening context.
Current conceptual challenges in the study of rhythm processing deficits
Authors: Tranchant Pauline , Vuvan Dominique T
Published: April 2020

Interest in the study of rhythm processing deficits (RPD) is currently growing in the cognitive neuroscience community, as this type of investigation constitutes a powerful tool for the understanding of normal rhythm processing. Because this field is in its infancy, it still lacks a common conceptual vocabulary to facilitate effective communication between different researchers and research groups. In this commentary, we provide a brief review of recent reports of RPD through the lens of one important empirical issue: the method by which beat perception is measured, and the consequences of method selection for the researcher's ability to specify which mechanisms are impaired in RPD. This critical reading advocates for the importance of matching measurement tools to the putative neurocognitive mechanisms under study, and reveals the need for effective and specific assessments of the different aspects of rhythm perception and synchronization.
Genesis or Evolution of Gender Differences? Worldview-based Dilemmas in The Processing of Scientific Information
Authors: Lewandowsky Stephan , Woike Jan , Oberauer Klaus
Published: April 2020

Some issues that have been settled by the scientific community, such as evolution, the effectiveness of vaccinations, and the role of CO2 emissions in climate change, continue to be rejected by segments of the public. This rejection is typically driven by people's worldviews, and to date most research has found that conservatives are uniformly more likely to reject scientific findings than liberals across a number of domains. We report a large (N>1,000) preregistered study that addresses two questions: First, can we find science denial on the left?Endorsement of pseudoscientific complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) has been anecdotally cited as being more consonant with liberals than conservatives. Against this claim, we found more support for CAM among conservatives than liberals. Second, we asked how liberals and conservatives resolve dilemmas in which an issue triggers two opposing facets of their worldviews. We probed attitudes on gender equality and the evolution of sex differences---two constructs that may create conflicts for liberals (who endorse evolution but also equality) and conservatives (who endorse gender differences but are sceptical of evolution). We find that many conservatives reject both gender equality and evolution of sex differences, and instead embrace ``naturally occurring'' gender differences. Many liberals, by contrast, reject evolved gender differences, as well as naturally occurring gender differences, while nonetheless strongly endorsing evolution.
Naturalistic decision-making: continuous, open-world, and recursive
Authors: Yoo Seng Bum Michael , Hayden Benjamin , Pearson John
Published: April 2020

Real-world decisions take place over time, in dynamics contexts, and with frequently shifting choice sets. In contrast, most studies of decision making have focused on single, abstracted choices among small numbers of discrete options. Here, we advocate for a shift in emphasis to what we call continuous decisions, which better capture the complexity of decision-making in the wild. Continuous decisions involve a continuum of possible responses and take place over an extended period of time during which the response is continuously subject to modification. The range of options available at any time can fluctuate and is affected by recent responses, making consideration of feedback between choices and the environment essential. The study of continuous decisions emphasizes distinct questions not easily captured by discrete decisions, including questions about how the brain integrates choices with movement, bridges representations through time, and maintains hierarchically organized information. While microeconomic theory has proven invaluable for discrete decisions, we propose that engineering control theory may serve as a better foundation for continuous ones. And while the concept of value has proven foundational for discrete decisions, goal states and policies may prove more useful for continuous ones.
Improving Social Science: Lessons from the Open Science Movement
Authors: Engzell Per , Rohrer Julia M.
Published: April 2020

The transdisciplinary movement towards greater research transparency opens the door for a meta-scientific exchange between different social sciences. In the spirit of such an exchange, we offer some lessons inspired by ongoing debates in psychology, highlighting the broad benefits of open science but also potential pitfalls, as well as practical challenges in the implementation that have not yet been fully resolved. Our discussion is aimed towards political scientists but relevant for population sciences more broadly.
Sharifah Halimah Alaydrus
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: April 2020

Sharifah Halimah Alaydrus was born in Indramayu, West Java on 2 April 1979 as 5th of 6 children of Usman Alaydrus and Nur Assegaf. She acquired her religious knowledge from some well-known NU (Nahdlatul ‘Ulama) pondok pesantren (Islamic boarding schools or Islamic seminary): Darullughagh Wadda’wah in Bangil-Pasuruan, East Java; Pondok Pesantren at-Tauhidiyah in Tegal, Central Java; and Pondok Pesantren al-Anwar in Rembang, Central Java; then continued her study in Daruz Zahro, Tarim, Ḥaḍramawt. After graduating from Daruz Zahro Sharifah Halimah Alaydrus went back to Indonesia in 2002 and married in the same year. After her marriage, she start her da’wa to some pondok pesantren in East Java. Since then, she has become very active in da’wa not only in Jakarta, but also in other parts of Indonesia and abroad. Sharifah Halimah Alaydrus developing Ahbabuzzahro, that was opened in 2004, to share the expertise with the younger generation, which she and her juniors in Daruz Zahro are mentors, as part of her responsibility to equip young muslimāt with religious knowledge and to bring them closer to their religion. Her talent and achievement in becoming students of Habib Umar bin Hafiz have made them authoritative voices both locally and transnationally. The case of Sharifah Halimah Alaydrus demonstrates not only the new visibility of such women in Indonesian public Islam, but also illuminates the significant role played by female Indonesian preachers in the global Muslim world.
Alltagsleben und Alltagskommunikation im Coronavirus-Kapitalismus
Authors: Fuchs Christian
Published: April 2020

Im Jahr 2020 führte die Coronavirus-Krise zu einem Bruch in den Gesellschaften der Welt und deren Alltagsleben. Dieser Artikel ist ein Beitrag zur kritischen Theoretisierung der Veränderungen, die die Gesellschaften im Kontext der Coronavirus-Krise durchmachen. Er stellt die folgenden zwei Frage: Wie haben sich Alltagsleben und Alltagskommunikation in der Coronavirus-Krise verändert? Wie beeinflusst der Kapitalismus das Alltagsleben und die Alltagskommunikation in dieser Krise?

Abschnitt 2 beschäftigt sich damit, wie sich der soziale Raum, das Alltagsleben und die Alltagskommunikation durch die Coronavirus-Krise verändert haben. Abschnitt 3 setzt sich mit der Kommunikation von Ideologie im Kontext des Coronavirus auseinander, indem die Kommunikation von Verschwörungstheorien und Falschnachrichten über das Coronavirus analysiert wird.

Die Coronavirus-Krise ist eine Existenzkrise der Menschheit und der Gesellschaft. Sie konfrontiert die Menschen in radikaler Weise mit dem Tod und der Angst vor dem Tod. Diese kollektive Erfahrung kann einerseits zu neuen Formen der Solidarität und des Sozialismus führen. Wenn Ideologie und die extreme Rechte sich durchsetzt, so kann es andererseits aber zum Fortschreiten von Krieg und Faschismus kommen. Politisches Handeln und politische Ökonomie sind in einer derartigen tiefen Krise, die die Gesellschaft und das Alltagsleben erschüttert, entscheidende Faktoren.
Metallurgical Investigation of Cold-formed Fillet Pieces Made of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel, for the Turbine Exhaust Casing of a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Engine
Authors: Neidel A. , Riesenbeck S. , Cagliyan E. , Jeschke G. , Rennau N.
Published: April 2020

With a novel class of heavy-duty gas turbine engines, turbine exhaust temperatures are expected to further increase. There are concerns that the propensity to cracking in service of the welded turbine exhaust casing (TEC) liners might also increase. Cold-formed “collars”, featuring large stress-reducing fillet radii, were designed to decrease thermal stresses in the welds, where the struts of the turbine bearing casing are aerodynamically clad by liner plates. Such collars were received from a supplier in the course of a product and process qualification (PPQ). The results of the metallurgical investigation ordered by an internal client are the subject of this contribution. It was found that deformation martensite was present in the subject cold-formed fillet pieces, despite a pre-heat of 150 °C and a post-fabrication 920 °C annealing process. However, the amount of deformation martensite found, at below 5 % volume fraction, was considered not to be detrimental for engine operation.
Manejo del síndrome de ovario poliquístico
Authors: Pereira Calvo Javier , Pereira Rodríguez Yuliana , Quirós Figueroa Luis
Published: April 2020

El síndrome de ovario poliquístico, afecta principalmente a mujeres durante la edad reproductiva. Su patogenia es heterogénea, con participación de múltiples factores que terminan participando en su etiología y aparición. Se manifiesta con hallazgos que permiten identificar a las pacientes que lo sufren y así iniciar los estudios necesarios para lograr realizar un diagnóstico correcto. Se asocia con alteraciones metabólicas, reproductivas y estéticas, principalmente, por lo que su manejo final dependerá de las principales consecuencias que se presenten en cada mujer.
Integration of Pedagogical Approaches and Their Use in the Educational Process
Authors: Kuzina Natalia Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2020

The paper considers the process of applying pedagogical approaches in education, their integration; provides an example of formation of students' educational and cognitive competencies and their thinking in the process of studying, based on the integration of competence, technological and activity approaches, which allow to increase the level of development and effectiveness of university education.
Problems of Humanizing Higher Education in Today's Russian Society: Factors, Main Directions and Methods
Authors: Zalunin Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: April 2020

The article examines the factors, main directions, problems and methods of humanizing education in its various subsystems. The study allows us to outline ways to further organize and flesh out a very important, complex and necessary process of humanizing higher education in our country, rationalizing it and improving efficiency.
Itogi realizatsii federal'nogo proekta po rannei professional'noi orientatsii uchashchikhsia 6-11-kh klassov obshcheobrazovatel'nykh organizatsii Chuvashskoi Respubliki "Bilet v budushchee"
Authors: Murzina Zhanna Vladimirovna , Stepanova Larisa Anatolevna , Shtykova Alla Valerianovna
Published: April 2020

This material describes the implementation of the Federal project "Ticket to the Future", which includes familiarizing students of 6-11th grades of general education institutions with modern professional occupations, determining children’s professional interest, forming recommendations for building an individual educational trajectory in accordance with the selected professional competencies (professional areas of activity) and in accordance with the control point 3.1. The action plan for the implementation of the Federal project "Success of every child" which is "Education" National Project Charter. The organizer of the project "Ticket to the future" in 2019 is the Union "Young professionals (WorldSkills Russia)", the operator of the project for the Chuvash Republic for 2 years in a row is the budget institution of the Chuvash Republic of additional professional education "Chuvash Republican Institute of Education" of the Ministry of education and youth policy of the Chuvash Republic.
Diagnostico de cisticercose bovina em frigorífico na região noroeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Rosângela , Paulo Rogério Dobre Paulo , Dos Santos Marcos Affonso , Rodrigues Rosangela , Peres Ferraz de Melo Alan
Published: April 2020

Bovine cysticercosis is a zoonosis caused by Taenia Saginata, which presents a high risk to the consuming population of bovine meat and with great impact on animal production. The objective of this study was to diagnose the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in the Northwest region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and to investigate which municipalities provide the most animals for slaughter. The diagnosis of zoonosis was made using the method of visualization of cysts in the carcass in inspection performed under the Official Inspection Service, under the supervision of a Veterinarian. For the estimation of the prevalence data were used from the period of the year 2007 to the year 2016 provided by Frigorific Ilha Solteira Ltda. and for the investigation of the cities of origin of the animals were used data from the year 2007 to the year 2014. The prevalence of bovine cysticercosis in the Northwest region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil between the years 2007 to 2016 was 4.83%, and the municipalities that provided the most animals for slaughter at Frigorific Ilha Solteira Ltda. were Pereira Barreto, followed by the municipalities of Santo Antônio do Araranguá, Sud Mennucci, Mirandópolis and Guaraçai.
Governing the Sun
Authors: Radunsky Klaus , Cadman Tim
Published: April 2020

Governments have previously sought to reduce climate-change-inducing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere through mitigation and adaptation activities, with limited success. New approaches are being explored, such as negative emissions technologies, including carbon dioxide removal, as well as solar geoengineering, also known as solar radiation management, or modification. This article outlines these emerging technologies focusing on bioenergy, carbon capture and storage, and stratospheric aerosol injection, and explores some of the challenges they pose. Prevention of emissions and their reliable, safe, and environmentally benign removal remain the best options. Robust governance systems and a careful, unbiased, and knowledge-driven assessment of the risks of these emerging technologies are required before they are implemented any further.
Pierre Caspard, Jean-Noël Luc et Rebecca Rogers, (dir.). L’éducation des filles. XVIIIe-XX1e siècles. Hommage à Françoise Mayeur.
Authors: Dumont Micheline
Published: April 2020

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The Annunciation to Mary, Mother of Jesus, in Medieval Christian and Islamic Art of the Book
Authors: Zibawi Mahmoud
Published: April 2020

The sura of Maryam says: “Relate in the Book (the story of) Mary, when she withdrew from her family to a place in the East. She placed a screen (to screen herself) from them; then We sent her our angel, and he appeared before her as a man in all respects” (19: 16-17).
A Review of Rasha Kahil’s Photographic Practice
Authors: Karam Helen
Published: April 2020

Rasha Kahil* is a young Lebanese-born photographer/visual artist who graduated with a B.A. in Graphic Design from the American University of Beirut in 2004, and later pursued an M.A. in Communication Art and Design at the Royal College of Art in London, which she completed in 2009.
International Women’s Day - March 2, 2009
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: April 2020

On the occasion of the International Women’s Day, the Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World (IWSAW) at the Lebanese American University (LAU) celebrated by honoring women in the Lebanese Army.
Hakawati Freestyle
Authors: Debs Laila
Published: April 2020

I have a bone to pick with Eve. Not only did she deprive her partner of a rib and then entice him to pluck the fruit and eat it, but she also succeeded in using her female charm to plunge Noura al-Sakkaf and I into Hakawati Freestyle.
Mai Ghoussoub: A Passion for Expression
Authors: Shawwa Afaf
Published: April 2020

When I first met Mai Ghoussoub in Beirut in the fall of 2004, I could not have guessed from her down-to-earth demeanor that I was sitting with a successful writer, publisher, and artist who had created a name for herself among friends, colleagues, and strangers alike. Nor that she was a founder of the cutting-edge Saqi bookstore and publishing house; writer and advocate of social, cultural, and political issues; and an internationally-exhibited sculptor and installation artist. Since that first meeting, I had the opportunity to learn all this and much more through our work together on her play Texterminators. When Mai passed away on February 17, 2007, it was a major shock to me, as it was for many. Her death made me reflect on her life and spurred me to find out how her colleagues and friends saw her. What I have discovered tells of a woman with an infectious passion for creative expression.
Khayaal Theater Company: Introducing Muslim Theater to Europe
Authors: Dabbous Yasmine
Published: April 2020

Playing against a dramatic backdrop of a map sketched by al-Idrisi, Hassan (Andrew Joshi) and his mother (Samantha Adams) stand about 1.5 meters away from each other. They simultaneously cross their arms across their chests, slightly squeezing themselves as one does to another in an embrace. Together, they tilt their heads to one shoulder then release their arms at the same time.
Women’s Voices in Middle East Museums: Case Studies in Jordan / Dreaming of Change: Young Middle-Class Women and Social Transformation in Jordan
Authors: Weir Shelagh , Taminian Lucine , Yunis Feisal
Published: April 2020

Women’s Voices in Middle East Museums: Case Studies in JordanDuring the past few decades museums have proliferated in the Middle East, not only in the wealthy oil states, but also in poorer countries and even (notably) within the dreadful constraints of occupied Palestine. Rulers and their officials want them for international prestige, to promote dynastic or nationalistic narratives, to attract tourists, and to provide educational facilities for their publics. Dreaming of Change: Young Middle-Class Women and Social Transformation inJordanIn her book Dreaming of Change, Droeber studies young single women of middle class background and higher education as a social group that has great influence on the direction that social and political changes are taking in Jordan. Youth, male and female, are under-represented in the anthropological literature on the Middle East, despite the fact that they constitute almost one third of the population of any Middle Eastern country. Al-Rujula wa Taghayyur Ahwal al-Nisa’ (Manhood and Women Changing Conditions of WomenAzza Baydoun is not the kind of social psychologist you often encounter in our world of academia. She is a woman with a specific mission: to delve deeply into the inner core of society, so as to uncover intensely held perceptions, beliefs, and behavioral orientations that affect the most important and the most troubled relationship: that between man and woman.
International Women’s Day: A Tribute to Mai Ghoussoub - March 6, 2008
Authors: American University Lebanese
Published: April 2020

On the occasion of the International Women’s Day 2008, the Institute for Women’sStudies in the Arab World (IWSAW) at the Lebanese American University, inpartnership with the British Council of Lebanon, dedicated this day to the memory of a very special Lebanese woman, the late Mai Ghoussoub.
Promoting Women’s Entrepreneurship in Lebanon: Enhancing Empowerment or Vulnerability?
Authors: Abdo Nabil
Published: April 2020

The International Labour Organization in Beirut has been running a project in the Palestinian Camps of Nahr El Bared and Ein El Helweh entitled “Palestinian Women Economic Empowerment Initiative”. The project started in 2011 and targets lowincome Palestinian women entrepreneurs through a threefold strategy: giving out loans and grants to women business groups in order to expand their businesses; training women entrepreneurs to enhance their business skills; and building the capacity of support organizations in order to improve business development services for women entrepreneurs and training them to be formally certified to deliver business group formation training. The project builds on the potential of business groups in assuring the protection of Palestinian women entrepreneurs from risks through resilience, pooling of resources, and collective voice. The objectives are to assure a sustainable livelihood for Palestinian women entrepreneurs through supporting them in expanding their businesses beyond survivalist low-income activities
“Here are the Women”
Authors: Kobaissy Farah
Published: April 2020

This article sheds light on the labor movement in Egypt, examines the vital role of the Egyptian female worker within it and tries to analyze how her active contribution in the past few years has led to the emergence of women leaders who played a prominent role in strikes and protests in a number of factories and assembly lines. It also examines how much women are capable, in the midst of the said movement, of breaking the barrier of sexual discrimination.
The Case of Lebanese Women in Argentina
Authors: Muller Wolter
Published: April 2020

Trans-Atlantic travel experienced an extraordinary boost in the middle of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, increasing the number ofimmigrants who intended to go to South America.From that moment forward they not only hailed from Europe, as had been the case with the majority of immigrants until then, but from the newlyincorporatedMediterranean region, including Lebanon.
Archival Photos of Women Immigrants
Authors: Research Centre Lebanese Emigration
Published: April 2020

The following collection of pictures chosen from the Archives of the Lebanese Emigration Research Center (LERC) at Notre Dame University - Louaize, Lebanon shed light on the Lebanese immigrant women in Latin America.
Domestic Violence
Authors: Khodor Bishop George
Published: April 2020

It appears that we are witnessing a debate taking root between Muslim scholars or “propagandists” and the state over the issue of domestic violence which is a form of violence. These brothers see the proposed draft law to be at odds with Islamic law and use the latter to ensure that a woman is obedient to her husband. This is what little I read in the press. In the absence of the integral text refuting the law, you cannot take a position, especially if you are a non-Muslim. I expect there will be major divisions not only among the various religious communities, but also within one and the same religious community.