bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced ability of defect detection using high voltage time-domain resonance analysis and impedance spectrum
Authors: Wu Lingfeng , Gao Zhipeng , Yu Kun , Gu Wei , Zhang Fuping , Wang Haiyan , Wu Youcheng , Liu Gaomin , Feng Yujun , He Hongliang , Wei Xiaoyong
Published: August 2018

Impedance spectroscopy is a well-established method for detecting mechanical defects in materials and structures activated by piezoelectric resonance. However, the detection sensitivity is not always satisfactory for very small defects, such as those that are of great importance for high-field insulation. In this study, an enhanced defect detection method is developed to solve this problem. A high-voltage (1 kV) time-domain resonance analysis is used in combination with conventional impedance spectrum analysis. The resonant frequencies and damping factors of the characteristic high-voltage piezoelectric resonances are extracted from time-domain data, and the damping factors are found to be more sensitive to the defect geometry. The results suggest that the time-domain method used here may have potential for applications where a high sensitivity of defect detection is required.
Secondary shock wave: Implication for laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Lű Tao , Hu Yang , Meng Jiuling , Li Zihan , Zhang Changjiang , Zhang Xiaocheng , Tuyizere Emmanuel
Published: August 2018

Shadowgraphs of the dynamic evolution of nanosecond laser-induced ablation plumes outside of BCR-2G and BIR-1G geological standard samples at atmospheric pressure are captured. The model of the secondary shock wave is proposed and experimentally verified. Experimental results indicate that the secondary waves appear at 74 ns for the BCR-2G sample and at 98 ns for the BIR-1G sample, which result from the reflection of the backward moving gas on the sample surface. Under the same condition, the ablation threshold of the BCR-2G sample is lower than that of the BIR-1G sample. Furthermore, the ablation rate (crater depth per laser pulse) of the BCR-2G sample is higher than that of the BIR-1G sample. The secondary shock wave induces larger-diameter particles or clusters which have been regarded as a fractionation source. Debris redeposition plays a role in the laser ablation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The suppression of the secondary shock wave effect is possible using low viscosity ablation gas which can expand the shock wave front, leading to less collision and aggregation of the ablated particles. As a result, the debris redeposition will be attenuated and the larger particle or cluster induced elemental fractionation can be expected to be suppressed in practice.
Fractal acoustic metamaterials for transformer noise reduction
Authors: Zhao Xinzhe , Liu Guoqiang , Zhang Chao , Xia Dong , Lu Zhumao
Published: August 2018

Different from the early acoustic metamaterials, we draw on the application of the Hilbert curve in the radio frequency identification tag antenna, to make Hilbert fractal acoustic metamaterials (HFAMMs) with a self-similar fractal structure. This type of ventilated, sub-wavelength acoustic metamaterial has a relatively high reflection coefficient near the anti-resonance frequencies, resulting in high sound transmission loss (TL). The TL of the HFAMMs increases with the decrease in the waveguide width; similarly, the number of frequency bands of acoustic insulation increases and the frequency bands of sound insulation shift to low frequencies with the increase in the fractal order. The experimental results show that due to the viscothermal losses, the transmission coefficient at the resonant frequencies is greatly weakened, so that the HFAMM has broadband sound insulation performance. The TL of the third-order HFAMM can reach more than 30 dB at the main frequencies of the transformer noise. Furthermore, based on the method of selecting the optimal HFAMMs, we can easily design the HFAMMs suitable for the frequency bands of the noise need to be reduced; therefore, there is a broad application prospect in the field of noise reduction especially for low frequency noise.
An analysis of diamagnetic levitation away from a suspending magnet’s central axis
Authors: Ho Joe Nhut , Wang Wei-Chih
Published: August 2018

This paper extends previous work about diamagnetic levitation to include positions not along the central axis of a single suspending magnet. Previous work assumes a single levitating magnet located at the central axis of a permanent or electromagnet. However several applications require magnets located away from that axis, but still levitating in an axis symmetric field. This paper presents a mathematical model to allow one to calculate equilibrium positions for levitating magnets rotors using multiple levitating magnets for suspension. In order to compare with experiments, this paper contains specific equations for cylindrical levitating and suspending magnets. Additionally, the mathematical model can predict levitation positions for horizontal levitation configuration using two suspending magnets. Experimental results for equilibrium positions agree well with theoretical predictions. Using this formulation, the authors designed and successfully demonstrated a working diamagnetic suspended motor and generator system. The results have been reported in an earlier publication.
A Narrative Review of Intensive Group Tobacco Treatment: Clinical, Research, and US Policy Recommendations
Authors: Kotsen Chris , Santorelli Melissa L , Bloom Erika Litvin , Goldstein Adam O , Ripley-Moffitt Carol , Steinberg Michael B , Burke Michael V , Foulds Jonathan
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Clinical practice guidelines recommend comprehensive treatment for tobacco dependence including pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions. Group counseling may deliver unique treatment aspects not available with other modalities. This manuscript provides a narrative review of group treatment outcomes from real-world practice settings and complements recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our primary goals were to determine whether group treatments delivered in these settings have yielded similar quit rates compared to individual treatment and to provide recommendations for best practices and policy.

Methods

Group treatment was defined as occurring in a clinical or workplace setting (ie, not provided as part of a research study), led by a professionally trained clinician, and offered weekly over several weeks. English language PubMed articles from January 2000 to July 2017 were searched to identify studies that included outcomes from both group and individual treatment offered in real-world settings. Additional data sources meeting our criteria were also included. Reports not using pharmacotherapy and research studies (eg, RCTs) were excluded. The primary outcome was short-term, carbon monoxide (CO)-validated point prevalence abstinence (4-week postquit date).

Results

The review included data from 11 observational studies. In all cases, group treatment(s) had higher 4-week CO-validated quit rates (range: 35.5%–67.3%) than individual treatment(s) (range: 18.6%–53.3%).

Conclusions

Best practice group treatments for tobacco dependence are generalizable from research to clinical settings and likely to be at least as effective as intensive individual treatment. The added advantages of efficiency and cost-effectiveness can be significant. Group treatment is feasible in various settings with good results.

Implications

A major barrier to achieving high rates of tobacco abstinence is under-utilization of evidence-based treatment interventions. This review demonstrates the effectiveness and utility of group treatment for tobacco dependence. Based on the available data described in this narrative review in conjunction with existing RCT data, group treatment for tobacco dependence should be established and available in all behavioral health and medical settings. Group tobacco treatment is now one of the mandated reimbursable tobacco treatment formats within the US health care system, creating enormous opportunities for widespread clinical reach. Finally, comprehensive worksite group programs can further extend impact.
Genetic control of cellular morphogenesis in Müller glia
Authors: Charlton-Perkins Mark , Almeida Alexandra D. , MacDonald Ryan B. , Harris William A.
Published: August 2018

Of all the cells in the body, those with the greatest variety of shapes reside in the central nervous system yet they all start their postmitotic lives as simple elongated cells of the neuroepithelium1.The molecular processes by which these, or indeed any, cells gain their particular cell-specific anatomies remain largely unexplored.We, therefore, developed a strategy to identify the genes involved in cellular morphogenesis using Müller glial (MG) cells in the vertebrate retina as a model system.These radially oriented cells, discovered by Heinrich Müller in 1851 and named in his honour2, are astonishingly complex yet, as the great neurohistologist Ramon y Cajal first noted, they share a conserved set of key anatomical features3.Using genomic and CRISPR based strategies in zebrafish, combined with a temporal dissection of the process, we found more than 40 genes involved in MG cell morphogenesis.Strikingly, the sequential steps of anatomical feature addition are regulated by successive expression of cohorts of interrelated genes, revealing unprecedented insights into the developmental genetics of cellular morphogenesis.
Arrangements for radio-frequency heating of building structures
Authors: Roland Ulf , Holzer Frank , Trommler Ulf , Höhlig Björn , Kraus Markus , Hoyer Christian
Published: August 2018

Purpose

The aim of this study was to prove that radio-frequency (RF) energy with 13.56 MHz can be used for heating building structures in a controlled manner exploiting the advantage that homogeneous heating with sufficient penetration depths can be achieved.

Design/methodology/approach

Because parallel electrodes on both sides of the heated structure cannot be used in many practical applications, two special electrode designs have been developed by modeling the field distribution and energy absorption and by carrying out test experiments to validate the simulation results.

Findings

One solution is based on a two-dimensional surface capacitor providing certain penetration depths and being especially suitable for treating thin structures such as wooden parquet floor. Such an arrangement can be particularly used for pest control even when sensitive surfaces have to be protected. The other solution uses a capacitive coupling between the grounded shielding and an electrode or an equivalent structure (e.g. moist soil) at the other side of the masonry to establish a sufficiently strong electrical field between a “hot” electrode on the side of the shielding and the coupled rear electrode.

Originality/value

Both solutions significantly enhance the application potential of RF heating.
Prisoner health status at three rural Haitian prisons
Authors: LaMonaca Katherine , Desai Mayur , May John P. , Lyon Evan , Altice Frederick L.
Published: August 2018

Purpose

Little is known about the health status of prisoners in low-income countries. In Haiti, prisons typically lack adequate medical care, clean water and food, though some prisoners receive additional food from visitors. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the physical and mental health of Haitian prisoners in three select prisons and examine the effects of having visitors and length of detention on health status. The authors hypothesized that prisoners with more visitors and shorter detention times would have better overall health status.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of 290 male inmates in three regional prisons in Haiti. Data were collected on prisoners’ sociodemographic characteristics, number of visitors, length of detention, body mass index (BMI), self-reported physical and mental health status, and food insecurity.

Findings

Overall, prisoners at all three prisons had poor health outcomes. Prisoners with more visitors were significantly less likely to be underweight and more likely to have a higher BMI, better self-reported physical function and lower levels of food insecurity. The length of incarceration was negatively associated with physical function and self-rated health, but positively associated with BMI. These results suggest that prisoners who do not receive supplemental food from visitors are at increased risk for food insecurity and poor nutritional and physical health status.

Originality/value

These findings demonstrate the importance of supplemental food from visitors in stabilizing prisoner health in Haiti and emphasize the need for the provision of adequate nutrition to all prisoners. This study also suggests that policies that reduce incarceration times could improve health status among prisoners.
Cellular facility layout problem: a case of tower manufacturing industry
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Singh Surya Prakash
Published: August 2018

Purpose

In today’s competitive market, product demand and its mix frequently vary due to various uncertainties, which thus imparts the overall manufacturing cost. Furthermore, uncertainties also impart the layout design in manufacturing industries in the long run. Therefore, the layout design needs to capture the possibility of uncertainties, and these uncertainties must be captured while designing the layout of a facility. Hence, an efficient facility layout design minimizes the manufacturing cost and lead time. The purpose of this paper is to propose a cellular layout design for a tower manufacturing industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper develops an embedded simulated annealing-based meta-heuristic to solve proposed cellular layout under different scenarios considering single and multi-time periods for tower manufacturing industry. A comparative study is also performed to analyze comparison among static cellular layout, a dynamic cellular layout or a robust stochastic cellular layout for the tower manufacturing industry.

Findings

The current layout of the industry is a process layout. Here, the layout for a tower manufacturing industry is proposed under SCFLP, DCFLP and RSCFLP. The proposed models and solution methodology is tested using six scenarios with different combination of time periods. Lastly, OFV value obtained for all the scenarios is compared, and it is found that RSCFLP outruns other SCFLP and DCFLP for a tower manufacturing industry. Based on the above study, it is also concluded that RSCFLP is an efficient and effective layout in tower manufacturing industry.

Originality/value

The paper proposes a cellular layout design for a tower manufacturing industry. The cellular layout design is found to be preferred over the traditional layout as it reduces material handling cost, manufacturing lead time and hazards. Moreover, it enhances productivity and quality.
Distinct biogeographic patterns of bacterioplankton composition and single‐cell activity between the subtropics and Antarctica
Authors: Bakenhus Insa , Dlugosch Leon , Giebel Helge‐Ansgar , Beardsley Christine , Simon Meinhard , Wietz Matthias
Published: August 2018

Bacterial biogeography and activity in the Southern Ocean are poorly understood to date. Here, we applied CARD‐FISH to quantify bacterial community structure from the subtropics to Antarctica between 10°W and 10°E, covering four biogeographic provinces with distinct environmental properties. In addition, incorporation of radiolabeled glucose, amino acids and leucine via MAR‐FISH served to quantify the contribution to substrate turnover by selected bacterial groups. SAR11, Bacteroidetes, Gammaproteobacteria and the Roseobacter group accounted for the majority of the bacterial community (52%−88% of DAPI‐stained cells) but showed little distributional variation between provinces. In contrast, taxonomic subclades Polaribacter, NS5, NS2b (Bacteroidetes) as well as RCA (Roseobacter group) featured marked geographic variation, illustrated by NMDS and coefficients of variation. Roseobacter (specifically RCA) and Gammaproteobacteria constituted considerable fractions of cells incorporating glucose and amino acids respectively. Bacteroidetes had generally lower activities, but Polaribacter accounted for a major fraction of biomass production at one station near the Antarctic ice shelf. In conclusion, distributional patterns at finer taxonomic level and highest substrate turnover by less abundant taxa highlight the importance of taxonomic subclades in marine carbon fluxes, contributing to the understanding of functional bacterial biogeography in the Southern Ocean.
FINANCIAL SAFETY NETS
Authors: Bengui Julien , Bianchi Javier , Coulibaly Louphou
Published: August 2018

We study the optimal design of financial safety nets under limited private credit, asking whether and when it is optimal to restrict ex ante the set of investors that can receive public liquidity support. When the government lacks commitment, we show that the optimally designed safety net covers only a subset of investors. Compared to an economy where all investors are protected, this results in more liquid portfolios, better social insurance, and higher welfare. Our results can rationalize the prevalence of limited safety nets as well as the coexistence of traditional and shadow banks.
RETROSPECTIVE VOTING AND PARTY POLARIZATION
Authors: Esponda Ignacio , Pouzo Demian
Published: August 2018

We provide a new and favorable perspective on voter naiveté and party polarization. We contrast sophisticated (Nash) versus retrospective voting in a model where two parties commit to policies. Retrospective voters do not understand the mapping between states and outcomes induced by a policy; instead, they simply vote for the party that delivers the highest observed performance, as determined in equilibrium. We show that parties have an incentive to polarize under retrospective, compared to Nash, voting. Moreover, this polarization often results in higher welfare due to a better match between policies and fundamentals.
Implementation and evaluation of an education programme for nursing staff on recognising, reporting and managing resident‐to‐resident elder mistreatment in aged care facilities
Authors: Ellis Julie M. , Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina , Ward Louise , Campbell Fergus
Published: August 2018

Aim

To implement an educational programme for nursing staff on recognising, reporting and managing resident‐to‐resident elder mistreatment in aged care facilities.

Background

The phenomenon of a growing ageing population increases the demand of optimum care for older people living in aged care facilities. Caring for older people is complex, but should include the management of aggressive interaction between them. Nursing staff play a vital role in identifying and managing those behaviours. However, many nurses may not recognise these aggressive interactions as abuse. Therefore, this study aims to manage and reduce this abuse through an educational programme.

Design

Cluster randomised trial registered on the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12617001618347).

Methods

This trial was undertaken in an aged care facility located in Melbourne, Australia and was funded in January 2017. Wards were randomly allocated (as the intervention and control group) by using sealed opaque envelopes. Nursing staff, who met eligibility, were consecutively recruited and supplied their informed consent. Nurses from the intervention group received an educational programme, while nurses from the control group continued with the usual standard care. Main outcomes included recognising, managing and reporting the abuse before and after the intervention and will be evaluated on an intention‐to‐treat analysis.

Discussion

It is vital to manage and reduce resident‐to‐resident elder mistreatment. This educational programme may assist nursing staff to protect vulnerable older people experiencing this abuse and may improve comprehensive evidence‐based care for older people residing in aged care facilities.
Modern medicine and the one‐size‐fits‐all approach: A clinician's comment to Alexandra Pârvan's “Mind Electric” article
Authors: Katschnig Heinz
Published: August 2018

As a clinician, I can easily agree with the author that a person's own reality of being healthy is independent of physical evidence or clinical categories and that this perspective should be considered to improve clinical care. However, I cannot follow the assumptions about the nature and working of modern medicine and psychiatry as typically using “black box” and one‐size‐fits‐all treatments in daily practice. I outline several working contexts of doctors where this criticism does only marginally apply or not at all and wonder whether the author might wish, if possible at all from a philosophical viewpoint, to differentiate her concepts with regard to these different contexts. In addition, I think that ill health in the field of psychiatry might have to be dealt with differently than physical ill health.
Winning back the working class
Authors: Ainsley Claire
Published: August 2018

Labour needs to understand the new working class to succeed again
Comparison of two ear cytological collection techniques in dogs with otitis externa
Authors: Choi Nellie , Edginton Heather D. , Griffin Craig E. , Angus John C.
Published: August 2018

Background

Canine otitis externa is a common disease. Cytological evaluation of otic exudate is a useful diagnostic test to direct and monitor treatment for otitis externa. One method of collecting ear cytological specimens utilizes a cotton‐tipped swab inserted into the vertical ear canal. A proposed alternative method is to aspirate exudate from the deep horizontal canal using a rubber tube.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To compare cytological findings between two different collection techniques by evaluating the numbers of bacteria,Malasseziayeast and inflammatory cells.

Animals

Thirty client‐owned dogs with otitis externa.

Methods and materials

A prospective, randomized, blinded comparison study. Ear canals from each dog were sampled using cotton swab and rubber tube. Ear cytological preparations were evaluated independently by two investigators for polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), monocytes/lymphocytes, macrophages, yeast, intracellular (IC) cocci, extracellular (EC) cocci,ICbacilli andECbacilli.

Results

A paired Student'st‐test was used to compare the two techniques. The inter‐investigator reliability forPMN,ECbacilli and yeast was good, and forECcocci was moderate. There were significantly higher numbers ofPMNs obtained by the tube method (P = 0.0024) than by the cotton swab method. There were no statistically significant differences between cotton swab and rubber tube methods for monocytes/lymphocytes (P = 0.7780), macrophages (P = 0.1751),ECcocci (P = 0.1262),ECbacilli (P = 0.1162), yeast (P = 0.5371),ICcocci (P = 0.6606) orICbacilli (P = 0.6761). The technique was well tolerated.

Conclusion

An alternative ear cytological collection technique was identified which enables sampling of the deep horizontal canal.
The intensification of the water footprint of hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Kondash Andrew J. , Lauer Nancy E. , Vengosh Avner
Published: August 2018

Since 2011, water use for hydraulic fracturing and wastewater from shale gas and oil wells have been increasing.
A modest 0.5-m rise in sea level will double the tsunami hazard in Macau
Authors: Li Linlin , Switzer Adam D. , Wang Yu , Chan Chung-Han , Qiu Qiang , Weiss Robert
Published: August 2018

Coastal cities safe from tsunami today may become tsunami-prone with sea-level rise.
Genetic regulation of mitotic competence in G
0
quiescent cells
Authors: Sajiki Kenichi , Tahara Yuria , Uehara Lisa , Sasaki Toshio , Pluskal Tomáš , Yanagida Mitsuhiro
Published: August 2018

Among 85 genes that maintain mitotic competence in quiescent eukaryotic cells, Nem1 protects nuclei from autophagy by regulating lipin.
Response to Comment on “Unexpected reversal of C
3
versus C
4
grass response to elevated CO
2
during a 20-year field experiment”
Authors: Reich Peter B. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Lee Tali D. , Pastore Melissa A.
Published: August 2018

Wolf and Ziska suggest that soil and species attributes can explain an unexpected 20-year reversal of C
3
-C
4
grass responses to elevated CO
2
. This is consistent with our original interpretation; however, we disagree with the assertion that such explanations somehow render our results irrelevant for questioning a long-standing paradigm of plant response to CO
2
based on C
3
-C
4
differences in photosynthetic pathway.
Toronto-York Spadina subway extension tunnelling under Schulich Building
Authors: Ramos Schneider Gonzalo , Garcia-Fontanet Angel , Ledesma Alberto , Raveendra Ravi , Polo Orodea Tomas
Published: August 2018

Tunnelling under the York University Schulich Building was one of the milestones of the Toronto-York Spadina Subway Extension Project. The challenge was to bore the tunnel under a flagship building only one diameter below the foundation without a compensation grouting process. Intensive finite element structural and geotechnical analyses of the building and the tunnel were performed, together with monitoring field measurements. The results showed that compensation, included in the initial design, was not necessary to ensure the building’s structural integrity. The tunnel monitoring during crossing confirmed the results of the performed analyses. The paper highlights the difficulty of deciding whether a compensation grouting is necessary or not when tunnelling under buildings and explains the procedure that was followed in this particular case.
A NOTE ON THE LSE OF THREE-REGIME TAR MODEL WITH AN INFINITE VARIANCE
Authors: YANG YAXING , LING SHIQING
Published: August 2018

The least square estimator (LSE) of three-regime TAR models has been well developed when the noise has a finite variance. However, little is known about the asymptotic behavior of the LSE of three-regime threshold autoregressive (TAR) models in the heavy-tailed setting and neither theory nor methodology is available for model fitting in this case. In this paper, we use simulation method to study the asymptotic behavior of the LSE of infinite variance three-regime TAR models. A real example is given for the NASDAQ daily volume from the year 2012 to 2014. The results in this paper may provide an empirical insight for further theoretical research of the LSE of three-regime TAR models with heavy-tailed innovations.
Challenging Dogma Concerning Biogeographic Patterns of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean
Authors: Halanych Kenneth M. , Mahon Andrew R.
Published: August 2018

Antarctica is enormous, cold, remote, and particularly sensitive to climate change. Most biological research below 60°S has focused on the isolated nature of the biota and how organisms have adapted to the cold and ice. However, biogeographic patterns in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, and the processes explaining how those patterns came about, still await adequate explanation. Both terrestrial and marine organisms have been influenced by climatic change (e.g., glaciation), physical phenomena (e.g., oceanic currents), and/or potential barriers to gene flow (e.g., steep thermal gradients). Whereas the Antarctic region contains diverse and complex marine communities, terrestrial systems tend to be comparatively simple with limited diversity. Here, we challenge the current dogma used to explain the diversity and biogeographic patterns present in the Antarctic. We assert that relatively modern processes within the last few million years, rather than geo-logical events that occurred in the Eocene and Miocene, account for present patterns of biodiversity in the region. Additionally, reproductive life history stages appear to have little influence in structuring genetic patterns in the Antarctic, as currents and glacial patterns are noted to be more important drivers of organismal patterns of distribution. Finally, we highlight the need for additional sampling, high-throughput genomic approaches, and broad, multinational cooperation for addressing outstanding questions of Antarctic biogeography and biodiversity.
Fungal-Host Interaction: Curcumin Modulates Proteolytic Enzyme Activity ofCandida albicansand Inflammatory Host ResponseIn Vitro
Authors: Chen Emily , Benso Bruna , Seleem Dalia , Ferreira Luiz Eduardo Nunes , Pasetto Silvana , Pardi Vanessa , Murata Ramiro Mendonça
Published: August 2018

Current treatments forCandida albicansinfection are limited due to the limited number of antifungal drugs available and the increase in antifungal resistance. Curcumin is used as a spice, food preservative, flavoring, and coloring agent that has been shown to have many pharmacological activities. Thus, this study evaluated the modulatory effects of curcumin on major virulence factors associated with the pathogenicity ofC. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of curcumin againstC. albicans(SC5314) was determined. Biofilm formation was quantified and the proteinase and phospholipase secretion was measured. The cytotoxicity was tested in oral fibroblast cells. A cocultured model was used to analyze the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-1α, and IL-6) from host cells, as well SAP-1 and PLB-1 by RT-PCR. The MIC was between 6.25 and 12.5 µM, and the activity of proteinase enzyme was significantly decreased in biofilms treated with curcumin. However, proteinase gene expression was not downregulated after curcumin treatment. Furthermore, gene expressions of host inflammatory response, IL-1βand IL-1α, were significantly downregulated after exposure to curcumin. In conclusion, curcumin exhibited antifungal activity againstC. albicansand modulated the proteolytic enzyme activities without downregulating the gene expression. In host inflammatory response, curcumin downregulated IL-1βand IL-1αgene expression.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution Law and Influencing Factors of the Mining‐Induced Deformation and Failure of Gas Boreholes
Authors: Xue Fei , Feng Xiaowei
Published: August 2018

Because gas boreholes are easy to damage by integrated coal mining and gas exploration, based on the practice of relieving pressure in deep thin coal seams in the Huainan mining area, a multidimensional coupling numerical simulation method was used to reveal the space‐time evolution characteristics and influence factors of fracture deformation of gob‐side gas boreholes. Results indicate that the danger zone for borehole fractures is primarily between 5 and 12 m above the roof of the roadway. The final‐hole position has little effect on the stability of boreholes, and migrating the open‐hole position to the entity coal side and roadway roof side can improve the stability of the borehole. The initial failure of the borehole occurs at a distance of 10 m behind the coal face. The failure of the borehole is largely stable at a distance of 100 to 120 m behind the coal face. With the increase in mining height, which leads to an increase in the movement of strata and an increase in pressure relief range, the shear stability of the borehole is reduced, and the extrusion stability of the borehole is improved. A hard roof condition promotes borehole shear stability, while a weak roof condition promotes borehole extrusion stability. This change can decrease the maintenance difficulty associated with “minor supports” in boreholes to a certain extent by reinforcing the support strength of “primary supports” in roadway retaining walls. The simulation results are consistent with observed results for the 11 test boreholes, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation is verified.
Mechanical Design and Control Strategy for Hip Joint Power Assisting
Authors: Liang Wenyuan
Published: August 2018

The basic requirements for mechanical design and control strategy are adapting to human joint movements and building an interaction model between human and robot. In this paper, a 3-UPS parallel mechanism is adopted to realize that the instantaneous rotation center of the assistive system coincides with human joint movement center, and a force sensory system is used to detect human movement intention and build the modeling of control strategy based on the interactive force. Then, based on the constructed experimental platform, the feasibility of movement intention detection and power assisting are verified through the experimental results.
Intravitreous Delivery of Αb-Crystallin Ameliorates N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration in Mice: An in vivo and ex vivo Study
Authors: Tao Ye , Ding Lei , Yao Anhui , Yang Zhen , Yang Qinghua , Qin Limin , Yu Linjun , Gao Yanling , Huang Yi Fei , Li Zhengwei , Teng Dengke
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: αB –crystallin (αBC) belongs to the family of small heat shock proteins that are necessary for maintaining oxygen homeostasis. This study was designed to explore the possible effects of αBC on N-methyl- N-nitrosourea (MNU) induced retinal degeneration and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The αBC was injected into the vitreous bodies of MNU administered mice. The retinal morphology and visual function of experimental animals were analyzed by electroretinography (ERG), Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fundus photographs, optokinetic testing and immunohistochemistry assay. Results: Optokinetic behavioural tests and ERG examination suggested that the visual impairments of the MNU administered mice were ameliorated effectively by αBC treatment. OCT analysis showed that the major retinal architecture of the MNU administered mice was efficiently rescued by αBC treatment. Fundus examination suggested that the lesion size of the MNU administered mice was decreased by αBC treatment. MNU induced photoreceptor loss was also mitigated by αBC treatment as shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining. In particular, the immunostaining study suggested that M-cone photoreceptors, rather than the S-cone photoreceptors, were preferentially rescued, indicating that the photoreceptor populations have different sensitivities to αBC. The mechanism study suggested that the anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and neurotrophic function of αBC collectively contributed to these therapeutic effects. Conclusion: Intravitreal delivery of αBC could alleviate MNU induced photoreceptor degeneration and visual impairment. Further refinement of the αBC induced protection would afford a novel therapeutic strategy for retinitis pigmentosa.
A new species of Chusquea subg. Chusquea (Poaceae—Bambusoideae—Bambuseae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil: morphological evidence and phylogenetic placement within the Euchusquea clade
Authors: VIDAL KAIO VINICIUS DE A. , WELKER CASSIANO A. DORNELES , OLIVEIRA IASMIN LAIANE C. , MOTA ALINE COSTA DA , OLIVEIRA REYJANE P. , CLARK LYNN G.
Published: August 2018

Chusquea gouveiensis is a new species of tropical woody bamboo from Brazil, herein described and illustrated. It is classified within C. subg. Chusquea, mainly based on its scandent habit, triangular central bud with vertical orientation, extra-or infravaginal branching, and lemma margins free at the apex. The new species is most similar to C. gracilis because they share culm leaves with undifferentiated sheaths and blades with a folded or twisted apex, and foliage leaves and spikelets of similar length. However, C. gouveiensis is distinguished from C. gracilis by having branch complements of 40‒90 usually ascending subsidiary branches (vs. 70‒195 mostly horizontally oriented subsidiary branches), synflorescences weakly paniculate to racemose (vs. paniculate), glumes I and II collectively 0.3‒0.7 mm long (vs. 0.1‒0.2 mm long), and glumes III and IV awned and abaxially pilose to pubescent at the apex (vs. mucronate and glabrous). The two species also differ in distribution: C. gouveiensis is only known from the region of Gouveia and Diamantina, in the southern portion of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais state, Brazil, in forest fragments at 1,200‒1,300 m.a.s.l., whereas C. gracilis occurs in the southern Brazilian states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, in mixed ombrophilous forests between 550 and 880 m.a.s.l. Based on nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid DNA sequence data (ndhF and trnD-trnT), a sixth lineage within the Euchusquea clade was identified, herein named clade VI—Chusquea meyeriana clade, comprising a significant portion of the Brazilian species of Chusquea. The new species has phylogenetic affinities with the C. meyeriana informal group and is also distinct from C. gracilis in the phylogeny.
Awareness and documentation of the teratogenic effects of valproate among women of child-bearing potential
Authors: Mulryan Deirdre , McIntyre Anna , McDonald Colm , Feeney Sabina , Hallahan Brian
Published: August 2018

Aims and method

We aimed to evaluate clinical note documentation of valproate prescribing and establish the level of knowledge among women of child-bearing potential regarding valproate-associated adverse effects, including teratogenesis, in a regional Irish mental health service.

Results

Of the 42 women prescribed sodium valproate, 21.4% (n = 9) had some documentation in relation to associated risks and 33.3% (n = 14) described an awareness of these risks from consultation with their treating mental health team. On clinical interview, 9.5% (n = 4) of individuals with clear documentation of the risks of teratogenesis described no such awareness. Augmentation with lithium was associated with greater awareness of the teratogenic risks of valproate (P = 0.011).

Clinical implications

A clear description of the teratogenic risks of valproate and potential management strategies, including advice regarding contraception and supplementation with folic acid, should be clearly documented and provided repeatedly and in context to all women of child-bearing age who are prescribed valproate.

Declaration of interest

None.
К ВОПРОСУ О РОЛИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИНТЕЛЛИГЕНЦИИ В ОБЩЕСТВЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССАХ
Authors: Klyuev Aleksei Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2018

Цель. Трансформационные процессы в российском социуме последние два десятилетия обусловили и положительные, и болезненные изменения в социальной, экономической, политической и духовной жизни страны. Новые социально-экономические условия, сложившиеся в результате реформирования науки, образования и культуры детерминируют научный интерес исследования роли и места современной российской интеллигенции в общественно-политической жизни России. Предметом анализа выступают онтологические, гносеологические и аксиологические закономерности влияния российской интеллигенции на общественно-политические процессы. Цель статьи−исследование сущностных характеристик интеллигенции как особого социального класса людей и особенностей ее взаимоотношения с властью и широкими слоями населения страны.Методология и методы. Методологическую основу исследования составил общенаучный метод анализа и синтеза, а также междисциплинарный и компаративный подходы.Результаты. Опираясь на вышеуказанные методы, автор приходит к выводу, что исторически интеллигенция в России играет особую роль в общественно-политической, культурной, нравственной жизни. Социально-политические идеи, зарождавшиеся в интеллигентской среде, через определённый промежуток времени неизбежно оказывали влияние на массовые настроения. В конце XX – начале XXI столетия престиж интеллигенции был серьезно подорван. Автор полагает, что движение по пути прогрессивного развития, устойчивое социально-экономическое развитие для современной России невозможно без усиления социального статуса этого слоя людей.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены в курсах философии, социологии и культурологии.
РЕЛИГИОЗНОСТЬ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ: ГЕНДЕРНЫЙ АСПЕКТ
Authors: Shirokalova Galina Sergeevna , Shimanskaya Olga Konstantinovna
Published: August 2018

Авторы анализируют результативность факторов, формирующих религиозность студенческой молодежи на основе материалов социологического исследовании, проведенного в нижегородских вузах. Методологической основой изучения религии как социального института был взят функциональный анализ и теория рационального выбора. Эмпирически подтверждено, что вербальные самохарактеристики религиозности не имеют существенных гендерных отличий. Причину этого авторы видят в изменении религиозных потребностей.Для атомизированного человека на первый план вышла терапевтическая функция веры, которую не надо отождествлять с компенсаторной, ориентирующей на загробное воздаяние. За рубежом «терапевтами» выступают психологи и психиатры, в России – религиозные институты.«Веротерапия» дает возможность реализовать базовую потребность в самооправдании. У бога можно вымолить прощение или «купить» его через религиозный институт, обеспечив душевный комфорт. В условиях, когда образовательные институты и семья внушают одни нормы морали, а жить приходится по другим, это крайне важно для самосохранения личности.Студенты социализировалось в условиях посттравматического синдрома, в информационном пространстве, постоянно воспроизводящем утверждения, что религия учитель нравственности, утешитель, источник национальных традиций и т.д. Естественно, что именно они были воспроизведены в ответах юношами и девушками.Секуляризация в прошлом проявлялась как рефлексия более образованного мужского населения на противоречие научной картины мира религиозной. Современный гносеологический кризис вызвал сомнения в способности науки дать ответы на мировоззренческие вопросы и стал фактором изменения понятия бога. Религиозные иерархи делают акцент не на создании мира, а образе жизни верующих. В результате формула «чем выше образование, тем ниже религиозность» требует дополнительной верификации в каждом локальном исследовании.
СТРУКТУРНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКАЯ ТИПОЛОГИЗАЦИЯ ПРОИЗНЕСЁННОЙ НЕСОБСТВЕННО-ПРЯМОЙ РЕЧИ НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ПРОЗЫ МАРИНЫ ЦВЕТАЕВОЙ
Authors: Puchinina Olga Pavlovna
Published: August 2018

Статья посвящена теме чужой речи, которая остаётся актуальной в современном языкознании. Автор статьи исследует особенности функционирования произнесённой (внешней) несобственно-прямой речи (далее НПР) (а именно её структурно-семантических видов) на материале прозаических текстов Марины Цветаевой. Посредством произнесённой НПР отображается прямая речь литературных персонажей через авторскую перспективу, при этом фактическая речь персонажа в авторской речи иногда принимает форму прямой речи, либо маркируется за счёт использования кавычек, редко – двоеточия. Опираясь на структурно-семантическую классификацию, предложенную украинским лингвистом Е.Я. Кусько, автор статьи описывает отличительные черты различных видов произнесённой несобственно-прямой речи: тематической речи, скрытой речи, речи в речи, коллективной речи, цитатной речи. Делается вывод, что последняя разновидность внешней НПР находит наибольшее применение в прозаических текстах выдающегося русского поэта ХХ века, а произнесённая НПР используется М.И. Цветаевой очень редко, что связано со спецификой идиостиля поэта.Целью работы является описание характерных черт функционирования НПР, выявление механизмов реализации и маркеров выделяемых видов произнесённой НПР в прозаических текстах поэта.Метод или методология проведения работы. Основу исследования образует метод сплошной выборки иллюстративного материала, метод нарратологического анализа, метод семантического структурирования художественного текста, прием стилистической интерпретации.Результаты. В результате проведённого анализа теоретического и практического материала автор приходит к выводу о том, что в прозаических текстах М.И. Цветаева прибегает к трём разновидностям произнесённой НПР, а именно цитатной речи, реже речи в речи и коллективной речи. В качестве цитатной речи в прозе Цветаевой используется дословное цитирование, когда в структуре авторского повествования дословно цитируется речь литературных персонажей (в виде отдельных слов или выражений); и дословное или видоизменённое цитирование речи известных лиц.Область применения результатов. Результаты исследования могут быть применены исследователями творчества Марины Цветаевой, студентами филологических отделений при изучении таких дисциплин, как стилистика русского языка, синтаксис русского языка.
КОГНИТИВНО-ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ И ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ТРАКТОВКИ ПОНЯТИЯ «КОНЦЕПТ»
Authors: Verdiyeva Elnura Mugais
Published: August 2018

Цель – анализ концепта как кода мышления, ментального образования, фрагмента жизненного опыта человека, кванта науки, мыслительной категории, когнитивной структуры, погруженной в лингвокультурный контекст, сгустка культуры в сознании человека.Метод или методология проведения работы. В соответствии с целями и задачами исследования использованы: метод описания, общенаучные методы анализа и синтеза, когнитивный анализ, метод эксперимента, контекстуальный анализ, структурно-семантический анализ, прием трансформации, сравнительный анализ.Результаты. В работе дана комплексная характеристика трактовки понятия «концепт». Актуальность темы статьи обосновывается исследованием когнитивно-лингвистических и культурологических подходов к понятию «концепт». В статье отражены взгляды лингвистов и культурологов на суть концепта. На основе обобщения и сравнительного анализа характера делается вывод, что культурное и историческое развитие конкретного народа составляет основу формирования ассоциативных связей концепта, основные аспекты концептосферы напрямую связаны с культурным наследием каждого народа.Область применения результатов. Материалы исследования могут быть использованы в теоретических курсах языкознания, а также при разработке специальных курсов по когнитивной лингвистике, концептосферы и др.
КОНЦЕПТ «КОНФЛИКТ» В КОРПУСНОМ ИЗМЕРЕНИИ ИДИОМ
Authors: Yusupova Seda Musaevna
Published: August 2018

Цель. В статье проводится анализ концептуализации конфликта в английских идиомах на материале данных Британского национального корпуса, а также Корпуса современного американского английского языка.Метод или методология проведения работы. Методами исследования послужили корпусный и семантический анализ.Результаты. В семантике идиом отражается образное восприятие конфликта, а в контекстах употребления раскрывается его концептуальное содержание. Конфликт репрезентируется как конкуренция, спор, борьба интересов, ценностей, взглядов. Конфликт имеет разные этапы протекания (начало, процесс, конец), может быть кратковременным и длительным. В качестве мотива конфликта могут выступать стремление к политическому влиянию, победе, соглашению, проявление характера и настойчивости. Корпусный подход выявил сочетаемостные особенности идиом в контекстах, дополнительные значения, не зафиксированные в словаре, частоту употребления идиом.Область применения. Результаты исследования можно использовать при составлении двуязычных фразеологических словарей, в курсах по корпусной лингвистике, фразеологии.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ ДО И ПОСЛЕ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ШКОЛЫ ПО АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТОНИИ У ЛИЦ ПОЖИЛОГО И СТАРЧЕСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА
Authors: Alekseev Igor Alexandrovich , Kharkov Evgeniy Ivanovich , Ivanov Aleksandr Gennadievich , Yaskevich Roman Anatolyevich , Moskalenko Olga Leonidovna
Published: August 2018

Цель. Изучение особенностей показателей качества жизни до и после проведения школы по артериальной гипертонии (АГ) у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста с АГ.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 105 отбранных для обучения в школе АГ пациентов в возрасте 45 лет и старше. Обследование включало изучение показателей качества жизни (КЖ) и факторов влияющих на его снижение до и после обучения.Результаты. По данным проведенного исследования установлено, что общий балл показателя КЖ до и после проведения школы по АГ соответствовал снижению КЖ легкой степени и не имел различий между анализируемыми группами. Некоторые различия отмечались в группе пожилого возраста по ограничению в занятиях физкультурой и спортом и в группе старческого возраста по отношению близких. После проведения школы по АГ отмечалось повышение процента лиц имеющих нормальные уровни КЖ в группах сравнения и пожилого возраста. Результаты оценки полученных знаний в школе пациентов с АГ у лиц старческого возраста (18,73 баллов) были сопоставимы с пациентами пожилого возраста (19,12 баллов) и группы сравнения (20,16 баллов), что доказывает целесообразность проведения школ по АГ у лиц данного возраста.Заключение. Результаты проведенного исследования позволяют сделать выводы о целесообразности проведения школ по АГ среди лиц пожилого и старческого возраста.