bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Matrix Components and Mechanosensing Pathways in Health and Disease
Authors: Berdiaki Aikaterini , Neagu Monica , Tzanakakis Petros , Spyridaki Ioanna , Pérez Serge , Nikitovic Dragana
Published: September 2024

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) are essential components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with pivotal roles in cellular mechanosensing pathways. GAGs, such as heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), interact with various cell surface receptors, including integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases, to modulate cellular responses to mechanical stimuli. PGs, comprising a core protein with covalently attached GAG chains, serve as dynamic regulators of tissue mechanics and cell behavior, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of GAG/PG-mediated mechanosensing pathways is implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including cancer and inflammation. Understanding the intricate mechanisms by which GAGs and PGs modulate cellular responses to mechanical forces holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting mechanotransduction pathways in disease. This comprehensive overview underscores the importance of GAGs and PGs as key mediators of mechanosensing in maintaining tissue homeostasis and their potential as therapeutic targets for mitigating mechano-driven pathologies, focusing on cancer and inflammation.
Molecular, Pathophysiological, and Clinical Aspects of Corticosteroid-Induced Neuropsychiatric Effects: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Sofía-Avendaño-Lopez Sara , Rodríguez-Marín Angela Johanna , Lara-Castillo Mateo , Agresott-Carrillo Juanita , Lara-Cortés Luna Estefanía , Sánchez-Almanzar Juan Felipe , Villamil-Cruz Sophya , Rojas-Rodríguez Luis Carlos , Ariza-Salamanca Daniel Felipe , Gaviria-Carrillo Mariana , Calderon-Ospina Carlos Alberto , Rodríguez-Quintana Jesús
Published: September 2024

Corticosteroids are frequently prescribed across medical disciplines, yet they are associated with various adverse effects, including neuropsychiatric symptoms, documented since their introduction over 60 years ago. The cellular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms are complex and somewhat obscure, involving multiple pathways. Notably, they include changes in excitability, cellular death of hippocampal and striatal neurons, and increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Clinical presentation varies, encompassing affective disorders (anxiety, euphoria, depression), psychotic episodes, and cognitive deficits. It is crucial to note that these manifestations often go unnoticed by treating physicians, leading to delayed detection of severe symptoms, complications, and underreporting. Discontinuation of corticosteroids constitutes the cornerstone of treatment, resolving symptoms in up to 80% of cases. Although the literature on this topic is scant, isolated cases and limited studies have explored the efficacy of psychotropic medications for symptomatic control and prophylaxis. Pharmacological intervention may be warranted in situations where corticosteroid reduction or withdrawal is not feasible or beneficial for the patient.
Cytocidal Effects of Interstitial Photodynamic Therapy Using Talaporfin Sodium and a Semiconductor Laser in a Rat Intracerebral Glioma Model
Authors: Saito Yuki , Fukami Shinjiro , Nagai Kenta , Ogawa Emiyu , Kuroda Masahiko , Kohno Michihiro , Akimoto Jiro
Published: September 2024

This preclinical study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of interstitial PDT (i-PDT) for malignant gliomas arising deep within the brain, which are difficult to remove. C6 glioma cells were implanted into the basal ganglia of rats, and 3 weeks later, the second-generation photosensitizer talaporfin sodium (TPS) was administered intraperitoneally. Ninety minutes after administration, a prototype fine plastic optical fiber was punctured into the tumor tissue, and semiconductor laser light was irradiated into the tumor from a 2-mm cylindrical light-emitting source under various conditions. The brain was removed 24 h after the i-PDT and analyzed pathologically. The optical fiber was able to puncture the tumor center in all cases, enabling i-PDT to be performed. Histological analysis showed that tumor necrosis was induced in areas close to the light source, correlating with the irradiation energy dose, whereas apoptosis was induced at some distance from the light source. Irradiation using high energy levels resulted in tissue swelling from strong tumor necrosis, and irradiation at 75 J/cm2 was most suitable for inducing apoptosis. An experimental system of i-PDT using TPS was established using malignant glioma cells transplanted into the rat brain. Tumor cell death, which correlated with the light propagation, was induced in tumor tissue.
Exosome-like Nanoparticles, High in Trans-δ-Viniferin Derivatives, Produced from Grape Cell Cultures: Preparation, Characterization, and Anticancer Properties
Authors: Shkryl Yury , Tsydeneshieva Zhargalma , Menchinskaya Ekaterina , Rusapetova Tatiana , Grishchenko Olga , Mironova Anastasia , Bulgakov Dmitry , Gorpenchenko Tatiana , Kazarin Vitaly , Tchernoded Galina , Bulgakov Victor , Aminin Dmitry , Yugay Yulia
Published: September 2024

Background: Recent interest in plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (ENs) has surged due to their therapeutic potential, which includes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. These properties are attributed to their cargo of bioactive metabolites and other endogenous molecules. However, the properties of ENs isolated from plant cell cultures remain less explored. Methods: In this investigation, grape callus-derived ENs (GCENs) were isolated using differential ultracentrifugation techniques. Structural analysis through electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blotting confirmed that GCENs qualify as exosome-like nanovesicles. Results: These GCENs contained significant amounts of microRNAs and proteins characteristic of plant-derived ENs, as well as trans-δ-viniferin, a notable stilbenoid known for its health-promoting properties. Functional assays revealed that the GCENs reduced the viability of the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the GCENs exhibited negligible effects on the viability of normal human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, indicating selective cytotoxicity. Notably, treatment with these GCENs led to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and triggered apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Conclusions: Overall, this study underscores the potential of grape callus-derived nanovectors as natural carriers of stilbenoids and proposes their application as a novel and effective approach in the management of cancer.
From Endogenous Quasi-Pathogens to Endogenous Smart Medicine: Understanding the Cellular Mechanisms and Implications of Benign and Malignant Cell Dynamics
Authors: Sabatier Jean-Marc , Amini Farzan
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the formation and impact of Endogenous Quasi-Pathogens (EQPs) within cellular environments, focusing on the role of Endogenous Smart Medicine (ESM) as a therapeutic intervention. This work elucidates how induced vibrations facilitate new molecular and atomic connections between adjacent cells, leading to endobiotic bond formation and significantly altered DNA behavior. These vibrations, which dominate cellular processes, induce both temporary and permanent changes in cellular dynamics. The resulting increase in extracellular impedance triggers the emergence of new EQP sources, potentially initiating divergent pathological cycles. Cells experiencing moderate impedance changes are classified as benign, while those with substantial alterations are considered malignant. This study highlights the medical diagnostic implications of EQPs and positions ESM as a precise method for modulating cellular impedance, reducing the effects of EQPs, and potentially treating diseases where disruptions in cellular dynamics and stiffness are critical. Additionally, the integration of ChronoBit Storage (CBS) within ESM introduces a novel energy management mechanism, enhancing therapeutic precision by synchronizing energy distribution with cellular needs. The ChronoVital Index (CVI), a temporal model for assessing time dynamics across biological systems from individual cells to whole organs further refines this approach. By advancing the CVI and CBS, this research paves the way for more sophisticated therapeutic strategies, offering promising applications in the fields of disease management and cellular restoration within the framework of Endogenous Smart Medicine.
Utility of Quantitative EEG in Neurological Emergencies and ICU Clinical Practice
Authors: Veciana de las Heras Misericordia , Sala-Padro Jacint , Pedro-Perez Jordi , García-Parra Beliu , Hernández-Pérez Guillermo , Falip Merce
Published: September 2024

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a cornerstone tool for the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of selected patient populations. EEGs offer significant advantages such as high temporal resolution, real-time cortical function assessment, and bedside usability. The quantitative EEG (qEEG) added the possibility of long recordings being processed in a compressive manner, making EEG revision more efficient for experienced users, and more friendly for new ones. Recent advancements in commercially available software, such as Persyst, have significantly expanded and facilitated the use of qEEGs, marking the beginning of a new era in its application. As a result, there has been a notable increase in the practical, real-world utilization of qEEGs in recent years. This paper aims to provide an overview of the current applications of qEEGs in daily neurological emergencies and ICU practice, and some elementary principles of qEEGs using Persyst software in clinical settings. This article illustrates basic qEEG patterns encountered in critical care and adopts the new terminology proposed for spectrogram reporting.
ChatGPT in Learning: Assessing Students’ Use Intentions through the Lens of Perceived Value and the Influence of AI Literacy
Authors: Al-Abdullatif Ahlam Mohammed , Alsubaie Merfat Ayesh
Published: September 2024

This study sought to understand students’ intentions regarding the use of ChatGPT in learning from the perspective of perceived value, exploring the influence of artificial intelligent (AI) literacy. Drawing on a sample of 676 university students from diverse academic backgrounds, we employed a structured survey questionnaire to measure their perceptions of ChatGPT as a learning tool. The collected data were then analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) via SmartPLS 4 software. The findings showed a strong effect of the students’ perceived value of ChatGPT on their intention to use it. Our findings suggest that perceived usefulness, perceived enjoyment and perceived fees had a significant influence on students’ perceived value of ChatGPT, while perceived risk showed no effect. Moreover, the role of AI literacy emerged as pivotal in shaping these perceptions. Students with higher AI literacy demonstrated an enhanced ability to discern the value of ChatGPT. AI literacy proved to be a strong predictor of students’ perception of usefulness, enjoyment, and fees for using ChatGPT in learning. However, AI literacy did not have an impact on students’ perceptions of using ChatGPT in learning. This study underscores the growing importance of integrating AI literacy into educational curricula to optimize the reception and utilization of innovative AI tools in academic scenarios. Future interventions aiming to boost the adoption of such tools should consider incorporating AI literacy components to maximize perceived value and, subsequently, use intention.
Effects of Social Exclusion on Self-Evaluation: Domain Discrepancy Based on the Big Two Model
Authors: Zhang Chao , Chen Bing , Bao Yan , He Jiani , Wu Feng , Zhao Yufang
Published: September 2024

Prior studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of social exclusion on an individual’s self-perception. Nonetheless, existing literature has predominantly focused on its impact on global self-esteem, often neglecting the nuanced effects of various reasons for social exclusion on distinct dimensions of self-evaluation, such as agency and communion. Based on the Big Two model perspective, the present research aims to examine the differential impacts of social exclusion on the distinct dimensions of self-evaluation, namely agency and communion, considering the reasons for social exclusion. It is hypothesized that social exclusion affects different facets of self-evaluation—agency and communion—depending on the context of exclusion. Study 1 identified negative correlations between perceived social exclusion and self-evaluation measures through questionnaires, including global self-esteem and the self-concepts of agency and communion, within a sample of 483 participants (283 females). Studies 2a (n = 93; 75 females) and 2b (n = 91; 66 females), which employed a recall paradigm to manipulate social exclusion in the domains of communion and agency, respectively, revealed that communion exclusion diminished communal self-evaluation, and agency exclusion significantly reduced both agentic and communal self-evaluation. These findings highlight the necessity of distinguishing various types of social exclusion and their distinct effects on the dimensions of self-concept. The research has important implications for the development of interventions aimed at enhancing individual psychological well-being and promoting inclusive social environments.
Parametric Analysis of Moment-Resisting Timber Frames Combined with Cross Laminated Timber Walls and Prediction Models Using Nonlinear Regression and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Hegeir Osama Abdelfattah , Stamatopoulos Haris , Malo Kjell Arne
Published: September 2024

The light weight and moderate stiffness of multistorey timber buildings make them susceptible to increased lateral displacements and accelerations under service-level wind loading. Therefore, the fulfilment of serviceability requirements is a major challenge. In this study, linear elastic finite element analysis was used to perform a parametric study of moment-resisting timber frames combined with cross laminated timber walls. In the parametric study, various mechanical and geometrical parameters were varied within practical ranges. The results of the parametric study were used to derive simplified analytical expressions and to train artificial neural networks which can be used to estimate fundamental frequency, mode shape, top floor displacement, maximum inter-storey drift, and wind-induced acceleration. The analytical expressions and the artificial neural networks can be used for the preliminary assessment of serviceability performance of moment-resisting timber frames with and without cross laminated timber walls, under service-level wind loading.
Green Remodeling: Empirical Study of Thermal Insulation Improvement Remodeling of Public Healthcare Center
Authors: Lee June Hae , Kang Jae-Sik
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the energy performance improvement in an aging public healthcare center in South Korea through a comprehensive “Green Remodeling” project. The building, originally constructed in 2001 before the establishment of national energy-saving standards, exhibited substandard insulation performance in its walls, roof, floors, and windows. The remodeling was designed to meet the highest current energy-saving criteria, incorporating advanced insulation techniques and energy-efficient systems. The remodeling process achieved a significant improvement in heating efficiency, with the ECO2 simulation predicting a 50% reduction in energy consumption. However, actual post-remodeling savings were approximately 10%, influenced by factors such as varying occupancy patterns and construction challenges. Despite these obstacles, the project demonstrated the effectiveness of targeted energy-saving measures in enhancing the overall performance of the building. This research underscores the importance of green remodeling as a viable strategy for improving energy efficiency in aging buildings, particularly in the context of South Korea’s carbon reduction goals. This study provides practical insights into the design and implementation of energy-saving technologies, offering a model that can be adapted for similar projects in other contexts.
Comparative Analysis of the Performance and Study of the Effective Anchorage Length of Semi-Grouted and Fully-Grouted Sleeve Connection
Authors: Yin Fenfang , Yin Shiping , Zhang Linglei , Xu Yonggang
Published: September 2024

Based on the insufficient data on bonding performance and effective anchorage length of sleeve grouting in assembled structure. Combining the existing studies, the sleeve grouting joint test for the static unidirectional tensile test was designed, and the influencing factors are reinforcement diameter and reinforcement anchorage length. Then, the failure mode, load-displacement relationship, energy consumption capacity and bearing capacity of the grouting sleeve connection are analysed, and the stress mechanism of the specimen in the one-way tensile state is expounded. This paper considers the actual damage state of the joint, according to the failure of the reinforcement outside the joint and the sleeve; referring to the reinforcement-concrete bond strength research theory, the effective anchorage length formula is proposed. When the steel bar is pulled out, the bond strength and bearing capacity mainly depend on the effective anchorage length. However, when the specimen breaks the steel bar outside the joint, it depends on the material performance of the steel bar itself. The research results of this paper can lay a theoretical foundation for the application of sleeve grouting joints.
Evaluating Human Settlement Quality: A Novel Approach for Recognizing Feature Importance Based on RBFNN-GARSON
Authors: An Haoxin , Tian Yishuai
Published: September 2024

The urban living environment is a crucial determinant of the well-being and survival of city residents in modern society. Accurately evaluating the Quality of Human Settlements (QHS) and identifying its influencing factors are essential for advancing sustainable urban development. This study develops an assessment system for the Quality of Human Settlements Index (QHSI) by integrating three dimensions and 29 sub-indicators. The AHP and VIKOR methods are employed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the QHS while proposing a factor system of QHS-influencing indicators based on four dimensions and 29 sub-indicators. Additionally, a novel hybrid RBFNN and GARSON method is introduced to identify the importance of QHS-influencing factors. Using Wuhan, China, as a case study, the results reveal that (1) RBFNN-GARSON demonstrates robustness and generalization ability under optimal parameters, effectively revealing the inherent relationships between QHS-influencing indicators and evaluation indicators; and (2) the overall QHSI for Wuhan City is 0.724, with the importance of cultural facilities, historic district preservation, and street cleanliness identified as 0.060, 0.057, and 0.056, respectively, denoting them as the most critical factors influencing the QHS. This method is expected to provide city managers with a deeper understanding of the QHS, enabling them to formulate policies more efficiently, ultimately promoting social progress and enhancing residents’ sense of achievement and happiness. This study contributes to the advancement of sustainable urban development and residents’ well-being.
Preservation of 20th-Century Residential Areas and a Proposal for Karabük Yenişehir Settlement
Authors: Nartkaya Esra , Dinçer Ahmet Emre
Published: September 2024

Modern heritage, especially post-war housing estates, is facing the problems of appreciation and preservation. These buildings are interpreted in different ways by decision-makers because of questions relating to their identification. Accordingly, this research aims to better understand the heritage attributes and significance of post-war housing estates, in particular in the Yenişehir settlement—a neighborhood in Karabük, Türkiye. Within the framework of cultural significance and heritage values (values of DOCOMOMO), an assessment was conducted by using expert interviews for data collection. The AHP (analytical hierarchy process) method, one of the decision support systems, was used to contribute to the subjective decision process. The experts determined significance levels for the studied buildings based on whether they needed to be preserved. Comparisons with the AHP created essential data that showed different views, especially regarding intangible values. Through the process, the attributes and values of buildings were made visible. According to experts, the significance of the buildings has changed. This study consists of 5 stages: authenticity analysis of the buildings in the area, classification of the buildings, application of the AHP on buildings of greater significance, determining of cultural significance ranking, and making suggestions according to the ranking.
Influence of Steel Slag on Properties of Cement-Based Materials: A Review
Authors: Cai Xin , Cao Zihao , Sun Jian , Wang Hui , Wu Songhua
Published: September 2024

The improper treatment of steel slag (SS) will cause serious environmental problems. Therefore, appropriate management and disposal practices are essential to mitigate the potential environmental risks. This paper delineated the impact of steel slag on cement-based materials’ working performances. The paper provides an exhaustive overview of the mechanical properties, encompassing flexural strength, compressive strength, etc. Finally, the frost resistance, sulfate attack resistance, and seepage resistance of steel slag cement were outlined. This literature review found that steel slag increases the fluidity of cement-based materials, with a setting time approximately 210% to 300% longer than that of Portland cement (PC). When the replacement rate is 50%, the compressive strength can reach 60–80 MPa and the bending strength can reach 6–9 MPa. An optimal replacement of steel slag improved concrete’s frost resistance by 15–20% and reduced permeability by up to 30%.
Study on the Bending Performance of Prefabricated H-Shaped Steel Beams with Different Bolt Hole Types
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yu Shenlu , Feng Shuaike , Fan Dawei , Zhang Fang , Cao Han
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the structural performance of a new prefabricated H-shaped steel beam assembled using high-strength bolts under three-point bending. The study evaluates four bolt hole types in five layout schemes through experimental tests. The results show that specimens with standard round holes in both the H-shaped steel and connecting plates exhibited 11% to 30% higher flexural bearing capacity compared to other hole types. Additionally, ANSYS simulations closely matched the experimental results, with a 6% difference. The research results provide important references for the design of prefabricated H-shaped steel beams with different bolt hole types, offering a practical foundation for enhancing the flexural performance of steel beam designs.
Novel Treatment Strategies for Low-Risk Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Iwamoto Hiroaki , Hori Tomohiro , Nakagawa Ryunosuke , Kano Hiroshi , Makino Tomoyuki , Naito Renato , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Shohei , Nohara Takahiro , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Izumi Kouji , Mizokami Atsushi
Published: September 2024

Background: The treatment strategy for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) has changed significantly in recent years. Based on various guidelines, an upfront androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI) is the first choice, but in patients of Asian descent, including Japanese patients, there are a certain number of cases in which androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and CAB are more effective. If patients can be identified who show a marked response to ADT within 12 weeks after the initiation of ADT, which is the inclusion criterion for ARSI clinical trials targeting mCSPC, it would be valuable from an economic standpoint. Methods: A total of 218 patients with pure prostate adenocarcinoma and treated with ADT at the Kanazawa University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2020 were included in this study. As a risk classification for mCSPC, in addition to the LATITUDE and CHAARTED criteria, we used the castration-sensitive prostate cancer classification proposed by Kanazawa University (Canazawa), developed by the Department of Urology of Kanazawa University. The Canazawa classification was based on three factors: Gleason pattern 5, bone scan index (BSI) ≥ 1.5, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥ 300 IU/L. It defined patients with one factor or less as low-risk and patients with two or three factors as high-risk. The overall survival (OS) and time to castration resistance (TTCR) were estimated retrospectively using the Kaplan–Meier method, and factors associated with TTCR were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The median follow-up period was 40.4 months, the median OS period was 85.2 months, and the median TTCR period was 16.4 months. The Canazawa risk classification provided the clearest distinction between the OS and TTCR in mCSPC patients. Multivariate analysis revealed a decrease in PSA levels of <95% at 12 weeks after ADT initiation and was a predictor of short TTCR in low-risk, low-volume patients across all risk classifications. Conclusion: The Canazawa classification differentiated the prognosis of mCSPC patients more clearly. A PSA reduction rate of <95% at 12 w after starting ADT in low-risk, low-volume patients of all risk classifications was significantly shorter than the TTCR. We propose a new treatment strategy, in which patients with low-risk mCSPC are treated with ADT and switched to ARSIs based on the rate of PSA reduction at 12 w.
Value of 11C-Methionine PET Imaging in High-Grade Gliomas: A Narrative Review
Authors: Debreczeni-Máté Zsanett , Freihat Omar , Törő Imre , Simon Mihály , Kovács Árpád , Sipos David
Published: September 2024

11C-Methionine (MET) is a widely utilized amino acid tracer in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of primary brain tumors. 11C-MET PET offers valuable insights for tumor classification, facilitates treatment planning, and aids in monitoring therapeutic response. Its tracer properties allow better delineation of the active tumor volume, even in regions that show no contrast enhancement on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This review focuses on the role of MET-PET in brain glioma imaging. The introduction provides a brief clinical overview of the problems of high-grade and recurrent gliomas. It discusses glioma management, radiotherapy planning, and the difficulties of imaging after chemoradiotherapy (pseudoprogression or radionecrosis). The mechanism of MET-PET is described. Additionally, the review encompasses the application of MET-PET in the context of primary gliomas, addressing its diagnostic precision, utility in tumor classification, prognostic value, and role in guiding biopsy procedures and radiotherapy planning.
Oligometastatic Urothelial Cancer and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review and an Updated Insight of Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Angrisani Antonio , Bosetti Davide Giovanni , Vogl Ursula Maria , Castronovo Francesco Mosè , Zilli Thomas
Published: September 2024

Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is the most commonly used metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) for oligometastatic urothelial carcinoma (omUC). Despite efforts in defining this disease entity, open questions remain concerning the role of MDT and the use of biomarkers, imaging, and its combination with systemic therapies. The aim of the present systematic review is to provide an updated overview of the current clinical evidence on SBRT for omUC in terms of survival and local control benefits. We also aim to provide updates on controversial areas and future directions in this emerging field. Methods: With a systematic approach, following PRISMA recommendations, we searched two databases to identify and select articles published up until March 2024 reporting the use of SBRT for omUC with or without concomitant systemic therapies. Prospective randomized or non-randomized studies as well as retrospective studies were included. Results: Eight studies were selected for data extraction and 293 omUC patients treated with SBRT were collectively analyzed. In metachronous omUC patients, SBRT delivered with ablative doses (BED10 ≥ 78 Gy) was associated with a 2-year overall survival (OS) rate of 50.7% (95% CI 35.1–64.4%). The use of sub-ablative SBRT doses (BED10 = 43.2 Gy) in combination with immunotherapy did not demonstrate significant clinical outcome improvement in two prospective studies. The overall tolerance was good, with only one study reporting toxicity of grade 3 in up to 18% of the patients treated with SBRT in combination with immunotherapy. Conclusions: SBRT is an effective and widely available MDT option in omUC, although this is based on a limited number of studies. Despite the attempt to use SBRT as an immune response trigger in combination with immunotherapy, no significant improvement in survival outcomes has been observed. The integration of new systemic agents with MDT will likely define a new scenario for the treatment of omUC. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42024522381.
Comparative Efficacy of 21 Treatment Strategies for Resectable Pancreatic Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Petrelli Fausto , Rosenfeld Roberto , Ghidini Antonio , Celotti Andrea , Dottorini Lorenzo , Viti Matteo , Baiocchi Gianluca , Garrone Ornella , Tomasello Gianluca , Ghidini Michele
Published: September 2024

The primary treatment for operable pancreatic cancer (PC) involves surgery followed by adjuvant therapy. Nevertheless, perioperative or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) may be used to mitigate the likelihood of recurrence and mortality. This network meta-analysis (NMA) assesses the comparative efficacy of various treatment approaches for resectable PC. A thorough search was carried out on January 31, 2023, encompassing PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. We incorporated randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared surgical interventions with or without (neo)adjuvant or perioperative therapies for operable PC. We conducted a fixed-effects Bayesian NMA. We presented the effect sizes in terms of hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) along with 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs). The treatment was deemed statistically superior when the 95% credible interval (CrI) did not encompass a null value (hazard ratio < 1). Treatment rankings were established based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). A total of 24 studies were incorporated, comparing 21 treatments with surgery in isolation. Eleven treatments showed superior efficacy compared to surgery alone, with HRs ranging from 0.38 for perioperative treatments to 0.73 for adjuvant 5-fluorouracil. After the exclusion of studies conducted in Asia, it was found that the perioperative regimen of gemcitabine combined with nab-paclitaxel was the most effective regimen (SUCRA, p = 0.99). The findings endorse the utilization of perioperative CT, especially multi-agent CT, as the favored intervention for operable PC in Western nations.
Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7) in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of Tumour Expression and Association with Clinical Outcome
Authors: Lacey Kate , Greener Megan R. , Marak Tangkam R. , Rakha Emad A. , Green Andrew R. , Ellis Ian O. , Martin Stewart G. , Storr Sarah J.
Published: September 2024

Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), originally known as colon carcinoma kinase (CCK4), is an evolutionary conserved, catalytically defective transmembrane receptor involved in Wnt signalling. PTK7 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target, and a PTK7 antibody drug conjugate (PF-06647020; cofetuzumab pelidotin) has been investigated in phase I clinical trials for triple-negative breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. PTK7 protein expression was evaluated in 1136 early-stage invasive breast tumours by immunohistochemistry. In addition, PTK7 mRNA expression in the METABRIC (n = 1980) and the TCGA breast cancer cohorts (n = 1082) was evaluated. Associations between PTK7 expression and clinicopathological criteria and patient outcome were determined. No association between PTK7 protein expression and breast cancer-specific survival was observed; however, PTK7 mRNA expression in the METABRIC cohort was associated with breast cancer-specific survival (p < 0.001). PTK7 protein and mRNA expression were associated with breast cancer-specific survival of patients with a poor prognostic Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) and a moderate prognostic NPI, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate that PTK7 expression is associated with patient outcome in subgroups of breast cancer patients.
Inorganic Nanomedicine—Mediated Ferroptosis: A Synergistic Approach to Combined Cancer Therapies and Immunotherapy
Authors: Mohapatra Adityanarayan , Mohanty Ayeskanta , Park In-Kyu
Published: September 2024

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, has generated substantial interest in cancer therapy. Various methods have been developed to induce ferroptosis in tumor cells, including approved drugs, experimental compounds, and nanomedicine formulations. Unlike apoptosis, ferroptosis presents unique molecular and cellular features, representing a promising approach for cancers resistant to conventional treatments. Recent research indicates a strong link between ferroptosis and the tumor immune microenvironment, suggesting the potential of ferroptosis to trigger robust antitumor immune responses. Multiple cellular metabolic pathways control ferroptosis, including iron, lipid, and redox metabolism. Thus, understanding the interaction between tumor metabolism and ferroptosis is crucial for developing effective anticancer therapies. This review provides an in-depth discussion on combining inorganic nanoparticles with cancer therapies such as phototherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, and the role of ferroptosis in these combination treatments. Furthermore, this paper explores the future of tumor treatment using nanomedicine, focusing on how inorganic nanoparticles can enhance ferroptosis in tumor cells and boost antitumor immunity. The goal is to advance ferroptosis-based nanomedicine from the laboratory to clinical applications.
Advances in Catalytic Oxidation of Methane and Carbon Monoxide (2nd Edition)
Authors: Dai Hongxing , Wang Junhu
Published: September 2024

The catalytic removal of carbon monoxide and methane produced from human activities is an important method for eliminating these pollutants, and can solve their associated environmental problems [...]
Ablation of the Integrin CD11b Mac-1 Limits Deleterious Responses to Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury and Improves Functional Recovery in Mice
Authors: Li Yun , Lei Zhuofan , Ritzel Rodney M. , He Junyun , Liu Simon , Zhang Li , Wu Junfang
Published: September 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers microglial/monocytes activation with distinct pro-inflammatory or inflammation-resolving phenotypes, which potentiate tissue damage or facilitate functional repair, respectively. The major integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18), a heterodimer consisting of CD11b and CD18 chains, is expressed in multiple immune cells of the myeloid lineage. Here, we examined the effects of CD11b gene ablation in neuroinflammation and functional outcomes after SCI. qPCR analysis of C57BL/6 female mice showed upregulation of CD11b mRNA starting from 1 d after injury, which persisted up to 28 d. CD11b knockout (KO) mice and their wildtype littermates were subjected to moderate SCI. At 1 d post-injury, qPCR showed increased expression of genes involved with inflammation-resolving processes in CD11b KO mice. Flow cytometry analysis of CD45intLy6C−CX3CR1+ microglia, CD45hiLy6C+Ly6G− monocytes, and CD45hiLy6C+Ly6G+ neutrophils revealed significantly reduced cell counts as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in CD11b KO mice at d3 post-injury. Further examination with NanoString and RNA-seq showed upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes, but downregulation of the ROS pathway. Importantly, CD11b KO mice exhibited significantly improved locomotor function, reduced cutaneous mechanical/thermal hypersensitivity, and limited tissue damage at 8 weeks post-injury. Collectively, our data suggest an important role for CD11b in regulating tissue inflammation and functional outcome following SCI.
Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Sensitive Detection of C-reactive Protein Using Graphene Oxide–Gold Nanoparticle–Luminol Hybrids as Enhanced Luminogenic Molecules
Authors: Kim Kyung Mi , Nguyen Phuong Thy , Kim Jeemin , Song Seung Hoo , Park Jin Woo , Kim Moon Il
Published: September 2024

This study presents the development of luminol and gold nanoparticle co-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-AuNPs-L) hybrids as enhanced luminogenic signaling molecules in the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for detecting C-reactive protein (CRP), a key biomarker of inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. When compared to free luminol, the GO-AuNPs-L hybrids significantly increased and prolonged the CL signal based on their synergistic enhancement in electron transfer during CL production. Based on the performance, the hybrids were employed as signaling molecules in both well plate-based and lateral flow CLIA platforms, showing substantial improvements in signal intensity and sensitivity in CRP detection. These results highlight the potential of GO-AuNPs-L hybrids as versatile and highly sensitive luminogenic molecules for immunological CRP detection, offering promising applications in clinical laboratory settings as well as in point-of-care diagnostics.
Neural Network Downscaling to Obtain Local Precipitation Scenarios in the Italian Alps: A Case Study
Authors: Iacomino Cristina , Pasini Antonello
Published: September 2024

Predicting local precipitation patterns over the European Alps remains an open challenge due to many limitations. The complex orography of mountainous areas modulates climate signals, and in order to analyse extremes accurately, it is essential to account for convection, requiring high-resolution climate models’ outputs. In this work, we analyse local seasonal precipitation in Trento (Laste) and Passo Tonale using high-resolution climate data and neural network downscaling. Then, we adopt an ensemble and generalized leave-one-out cross-validation procedure, which is particularly useful for the analysis of small datasets. The application of the procedure allows us to correct the model’s bias, particularly evident in Passo Tonale. This way, we will be more confident in achieving more reliable results for future projections. The analysis proceeds, considering the mean and the extreme seasonal anomalies between the projections and the reconstructions. Therefore, while a decrease in the mean summer precipitation is found in both stations, a neutral to positive variation is expected for the extremes. Such results differ from model’s, which found a clear decrease in both stations in the summer’s mean precipitation and extremes. Moreover, we find two statistically significant results for the extremes: a decrease in winter in Trento and an increase in spring in Passo Tonale.
Urinary Incontinence and Quality of Life in Women of Central Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abu-Huwaij Rana , Al-Shalabi Rolla , Alkhader Enas , Almasri Farah N.
Published: September 2024

Background: Considering the high prevalence of UI in the rural areas of Jordan and the limited clinical data on its occurrence in central Jordan, this study aims to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of urinary incontinence (UI) on the quality of life (QoL) of women in central Jordan. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2022, using online the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire short form (IIQ-7) and Urogenital Distress Inventory short form (UDI-6). Participation was voluntary, and anonymous. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s α. Results: A total of 128 women participated in the study. More than half of the participants (54.33%, N = 69) experienced UI symptoms. Body mass index was the sole statistically significant factor linked to UI. Obese patients had the highest risk (OR 35, CI 95% 2.577–475.308, p < 0.05) compared to those with a healthy weight. Multivariate regression indicated significant associations of severe UI with smoking and vaginal births with a moderate impact of UI on QoL. Conclusions: The study’s findings emphasize the need for women’s health centers in the center of Jordan to develop comprehensive UI prevention and management programs to improve women’s health and well-being.
Guided Biofilm Therapy for Management of “Desquamative Gingivitis”—Clinical Cases
Authors: Yaneva Blagovesta , Mutafchieva Maria , Shentov Petar , Tomov Georgi
Published: September 2024

Background: Desquamative gingivitis is a clinical manifestation often associated with various mucocutaneous disorders, characterized by red, painful, and friable gingiva. It is predominantly seen in middle-aged to elderly females and is typically linked to autoimmune conditions such as lichen planus, pemphigoid, and pemphigus, among others. Due to the chronic pain and difficulty in maintaining personal oral hygiene, professional care becomes crucial. Methods: This article explores the application of guided biofilm therapy as a novel, gentle approach for managing desquamative gingivitis, focusing on three clinical cases. This therapy employs erythritol-based powders for biofilm removal, offering a less abrasive and more comfortable alternative to traditional mechanical plaque removal techniques. Results: The cases demonstrate the effectiveness of guided biofilm therapy in reducing discomfort and improving clinical outcomes in desquamative gingivitis patients, particularly those suffering from mucous membrane pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, and oral lichen planus. Conclusions: The guided biofilm approach underscores the importance of tailored periodontal therapy in managing nonplaque-induced gingival lesions, improving patient compliance and oral health outcomes.
Antibacterial Activity of Superhydrophobic-SiO2 Coatings to Inhibit the Growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sánchez-Santamaria Betania , Cornejo-Monroy Delfino , Olivas-Armendáriz Imelda , Arias-Cerón José Saúl , Villanueva-Montellano Alfredo , Ordoñez-Casanova Elsa , Dávalos-Ramírez José Omar , Martínez-Gómez Erwin Adán , Jaquez-Muñoz Jesús Manuel
Published: September 2024

The emergence of superhydrophobic antibacterial materials represents a promising approach to maintaining surface cleanliness and hygiene by effectively preventing bacterial adhesion. This research outlines the synthesis of a superhydrophobic coating with anti-adhesion and bacteriostatic properties, utilizing silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) modified with 1H,1H,2H,2H-Perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTES). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were conducted to analyze the coating’s morphology and surface characteristics. The coating was applied to glass substrates using the spray coating method, and the number of layers was varied to evaluate its antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties. These properties were measured using turbidimetry and inhibition halo techniques. Additionally, the durability of the coatings was assessed by exposing them to outdoor conditions for 35 days. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and bacteriostatic capacities of the superhydrophobic coating, along with its resistance to outdoor weathering. The results indicate that a superhydrophobic coating with a contact angle ≥ 150° and a sliding angle ≤ 10° was successfully synthesized using SiO2 NPs smaller than 10 nm, modified with PFDTES. The coating demonstrated an ability to inhibit bacterial growth by preventing the adhesion of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the number of coating layers significantly influenced its bacteriostatic efficacy. The coating also exhibited strong durability under outdoor conditions. These findings highlight the potential application of superhydrophobic coatings for the prevention of bacterial adhesion and growth in environments where such contamination poses risks.
Performance and Evaluation of Slow-Release Fertilizer Encapsulated by Waterless Synthesized GO Sheets
Authors: Cheng Hsuhui , He Yishi , Xian Yuxing , Hao Xiangying
Published: September 2024

Slow-release fertilizer was developed by encapsulating NPK compound pellets with graphene oxide (GO) sheets employing a waterless synthesis technique. As-prepared GO sheets were characterized by XRD, Raman, XPS, FTIR, SEM, and EDS. The XRD patterns of the GO sheets indicate that the peak for the GO is observed at 2θ = 9.3°, and the peak (002) for graphite vanished. Moreover, a higher intensity ratio of the Raman ID/IG of the GO sheets than that of pristine graphite confirms the oxidation of the graphite. The FTIR and XPS analyses provided information on electronic structure, chemical structure, and oxygen-bonding neighbors. The SEM images indicated the GO sheet, whereby its morphology resembles a thin curtain or corrugated shape. The EDS spectrum of coated GO-F pellets revealed the distribution of C, O, N, P, and K elements in the synthesized materials. Afterwards, GO shell formation on fertilizer pellets greatly improved the slow-release characteristics of fertilizer, thus providing plants with their requisite nutrients and reducing environmental pollution.
Study on the Simulation and Experimental Impact of Substrate Holder Design on 3-Inch High-Quality Polycrystalline Diamond Thin Film Growth in a 2.45 GHz Resonant Cavity MPCVD
Authors: Wu Shuai , Guo Kesheng , Bai Jie , Li Jiafeng , Zhu Jingming , Liu Lei , Huang Lei , Zhang Chuandong , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2024

In this study, three different substrate holder shapes—trapezoidal, circular frustum, and adjustable cyclic—were designed and optimized to enhance the quality of polycrystalline diamond films grown using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD). Simulation results indicate that altering the shape of the substrate holder leads to a uniform distribution of the electric field on the surface, significantly suppressing the formation of secondary plasma. This design ensures a more even distribution of the temperature field and plasma environment on the substrate holder, resulting in a heart-shaped distribution. Polycrystalline diamond films were synthesized under these three different substrate holder conditions, and their morphology and crystal quality were characterized using optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Under conditions of 5 kW power and 90 Torr pressure, the adjustable cyclic substrate holder produced high-quality 3-inch diamond films with low stress and narrow Raman full width at half maximum (FWHM). The results confirm the reliability of the simulations and the effectiveness of the adjustable cyclic substrate holder. This approach provides a viable method for scaling up the size and improving the quality of polycrystalline diamond films for future applications.