bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of clinical progress of vaginal delivery after cesarean section
Authors: Petrova Lyudmila Evgenyevna , Kuzminykh Tatyana Ulyanovna , Kogan Igor Uryevich , Mikhalchenko Ekaterina Vasilyevna
Published: February 2016

The 982 cases of women with uterine scar after cesarean section were analyzed. Clinical criterion of uterine scar consistency is the “maturity” uterine cervix and greater response of uterine cervix to the delivery preparation. Characteristics of vaginal delivery after cesarean section clinical progress are the following: spontaneous labor onset (95,5 %), abnormal labor (11,9 %), premature rupture of membranes (46,4 %). Induction of labor caused increased the frequency of dystocia by a factor of 2, whereas risk of repeated cesarean section increased 2.3. Frequency of the uterine rupture in these labor cases was 0,73 %.
Assessment of endometrial receptivity by biomarkers
Authors: Kravchuk Yana Nikolayevna , Kalugina Alla Stanislavovna
Published: February 2016

Endometrial receptivity defect can lead to a recurrent failures in ART. Data on endometrial receptivity assessment by the most studied biomarkers, such as pinopodes, leukemia-inhibitory factor, αVβ3 integrin, mucin MUC 1, are presented. Analysis of controlled ovarian stimulation protocols influence on endometrial receptivity is composed.
PERINATAL OUTCOMES AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF FETAL GROWTH RESTRICTION
Authors: Artymuk Natalya Vladimirovna , Trishkin Aleksey Gennadyevich , Bikmetova Ekaterina Sergeevna
Published: February 2016

The article presents a review of sources concerning perinatal outcomes and long-term effects on children and adults born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Neonates with IUGR are at high risk for morbidity and mortality. The conditions of antenatal fetal life may program the range of unfavorable long-term effects in adulthood. This requires further study of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of IUGR.
EVALUATION FACTORS, DETERMINING OVARIAN RESERVE IN WOMEN WITH REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION DISORDERS
Authors: Guryeva Valentina Andreyevna , Kurakina Valeriya Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2016

The paper presents the evaluation of ovarian reserve of women with impaired reproductive function. Prognostic significance of the coefficients are given of factors that contributed to reduce the ovarian reserve in women of childbearing age, as an additional factor considered thrombophilia. Knowledge of the factors responsible for ovarian reserve, can form a risk group and carry out measures for its conservation and implementation of reproductive function.
Role of adjuvant hormonal therapy in treatment of endometriosis-assosiated infertility
Authors: Gerkulov Dmitriy Alexandrovich
Published: February 2016

Background. In vitro fertilization (IVF) represents the most efficient means of overcoming endometriosis-related infertility. Objective. To investigate the outcomes of in vitro fertilization cycles after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in patience operated for endometrioma after different adjuvant hormonal therapy. Material and methods. 144 patients with endometriosis-associated infertility undergoing IVF were divided into three groups: GnRH agonist administration; dienogest 2 mg daily administration; women without adjuvant therapy. Results. Сlinical pregnancy rates were 2,5 times higher (44,7 and 16,7 % respectively; p = 0,01) and live birth rate was 3 times higher (36,8 и 11,1 % respectively; p = 0,01) in dienogest administration group before IVF/ICSI cycle in comparison with no adjuvant therapy groups, respectively. Conclusion. Considering the clinical pregnancy and live birth rate rates dienogest administration may be effective in patients with mild-to-moderate endometriosis prior to IVF/ICSI cycle.
Significance of pregravid preparation of women with miscarriages in the past
Authors: Pluzhnicova Tamara Aleksandrovna , Komarov Evgeny Konstantinovich
Published: February 2016

Aims of this article consists in analysis of the rate of the most important reasons of miscarriages and in estimation of effectiveness of pregravid therapy of wemen with miscarriages in the past who were patients of Center in 2014. The most important reasons were the infection of genital tract (60 %), inherited thrombophilia (95 %) and AFS (3,2 %), endocrine diseases with secondary or initial insufficiency of corpus luteum (35 %), chronic endometritis (60 %). There were presented results of the investigation of the significance of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of miscarriages and the efficiency of the treatment with metformin patients with prediabetes. There were analysed the course and results of pregnancy in 354 women with miscarriages in the past. In 92 % of women the pregnancy complete by delivery of alive baby. This results demonstrate the effectiveness of pregravid preparation of women with miscarriages in the past.
Severe obstetric complications as a manifestation of thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Makatsaria Alexander Davidovich , Akinshina Svetlana Vladimirovna , Bitsadze Viktoriya Omarovna , Andreeva Margarita Darchievna
Published: February 2016

Thrombotic microangiopathy is one of the most serious thrombotic complications characterized by microvascular thrombosis in various organs and accompanied by thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia. The term thrombotic microangiopathy has incorporated several nosology, which are characterized by different mechanisms of microvascular thrombosis. Currently thrombotic microangiopathy include thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, HELLP-syndrome. Pregnancy presents one of the key triggers to the development of thrombotic microangiopathy. This fact gives us a significant opportunity to study the pathogenesis of thrombotic microangiopathy in the context of the physiological changes of hemostasis during pregnancy. At the same time the discovery of molecular mechanisms of thrombotic microangiopathy allows for a new research on the field of pathogenesis of thrombotic complications associated with pregnancy, as well as the pathogenesis of so-called placental obstetric complications, including severe preeclampsia, premature detachment of normally situated placenta, septic shock.
The method of serial drawings and stories in psychological counseling to resolve disputes between parents about the child's upbringing
Authors: Nikolskaya Irina Mihailovna
Published: February 2016

The urgency to develop new approaches to psychological counseling families in situations of settling disputes between the parents on the upbringing of the child is determined by the increasing frequency of such requests to clinical psychologists. Such consultations suggest the need for a rapid assessment of the psychological state, characteristics and relationships of experiencing parental divorce children. The aim of the article - to provide a description of I. M. Nikolskaya method of serial drawings and stories; to demonstrate the possibilities of its use in psychological counseling for resolution of the dispute between parents about parenting and procedure of meetings with the child on a clinical example. The method of serial drawings and stories is the integrative art therapeutic technology based on the projective approach. The method simultaneously solves the problem of psychological research and counseling in the specific situation of the child and his parents appeal to the psychologist. The article presents the short description of the method procedure, its stages and aims, the order of drawings topics. The techniques of art therapeutic interview and its advantages (concrete, detachment, structured, therapeutic effect) and showed. The information obtained through the application of the method in the form of images and texts can serve as an objective material to draw conclusions about the child’s subjective family situation view and well-being in the family. To illustrate the possibilities of the method of serial drawings and stories the clinical case of 7 years girl’s psychological counseling, conducted at the request of her mother in connection with the judicial review of the order of father and daughter meetings after a divorce, is analyzed.
The rare case of a combination two brain tumors with total colon polyposis
Authors: Salnikova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Ozerov Sergey Sergeevich , Zakharov Ilya Vladimirovich , Abramov Dmitry Sergeevich , Kazakova Anna Nikolaevna , Tikhonova Marina Valeryevna , Pospekhova Natalya Ivanovna , Novichkova Galina Anatolyevna , Litvinov Dmitry Vitalyevich , Borodina Irina Dmitrievna , Kumirova Ella Vyacheslavovna
Published: February 2016

Objectives of publication: Presentation of a rare clinical observation from our own practice. Key points: The combination of brain tumors and colon polyposis often described in the literature as a syndrome Turcot. Turcot's syndrome is a genetic disease with different clinical manifestations. This is a rare syndrome (a little more than 150 cases are described), and therefore, the standardization of approaches to diagnosis and treatment is not currently defined. We present the clinical case of manifestations of the Turcot’s syndrome of our practice. Сlinical observation: Male patients, from birth to the skin marked multiple cafe-au-lait spots. At age 14 years, according to a magnetic resonance imaging multiple brain tumors are revealed, two different histologically tumor brains (one of which is benign (pilocytic astrocytoma), the other is malignant (anaplastic ependymoma)) and total colon adenomatous polyposis were diagnosed. Currently, syndromic pathology is not verified. Receives one of polychemotherapy protocols for treating tumors of the central nervous system. It is planned to conduct additional studies aimed at clarifying the genetic defect, with a view to a possible optimization of the therapy (modification of the plane of polychemotherapy, use of an option of radiation therapy, use of a target therapy). Conclusions: The results of a comprehensive survey of the use of modern techniques of molecular biology and cytogenetics affect the prognosis of the disease and treatment strategy.
Prerequisites to improvement of predictive model of childhood Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Kulyova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Karitsky Andrei Petrovich , Ivanova Svetlana Viacheslavovna
Published: February 2016

Background. Calculation of relative tumor burden in Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients is the simplest and significant parameter which can be used in daily clinical practice as a risk factor. The aim of study was the assessment of influence of relative tumor burden on the late results of a disease. Material and methods. This research included data on 126 patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma aged from 0 till 18 years (middle age of 11 years), treated risk-adapted treatment according to the DAL-HD and SPBLH-05. Boys was 70, girls - 56 (a ratio 1,25 : 1). Fifty-eight patients (46 %) are stratified in favorable risk group, 50 (39,7 %) - in intermediate risk group, and 50 (39,7 %) are included in unfavorable risk group. Results. Overall survival at 5 years was 93 % (range 91-95 %), event-free survival - 88 % (85-91 %). The average relative tumor burden was 129,4 cm3/m2 (7-609,7 cm3/m2). When carrying out ROC-analysis value of 122,7 cm3/m2 (р ˂ 0,0001) appeared the critical parameter, which worsen the prognosis of a disease. Overall survival in a patients cohort with this volume was 69,6 %, with the volume less than 122,7 cm3/m2 overall survival was 97,2 % (р = 0,00002). Conclusions. The relative tumor burden is the parameter which is significantly reducing survival rates in children with Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Opinion on interrelation of clinical and laboratory parameters with “sarkoma’s saturation” or tumor volume as end result of immunological frustration, it is represented the most perspective direction of studying of Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Pulmonary toxicity of anticancer therapy from childhood Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Kulyova Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Belogurova Margarita Borisovna , Ivanova Svetlana Viacheslavovna , Melnik Larisa Ivanovna
Published: February 2016

Pulmonary toxicity is one of serious complications of combined modality treatment for malignant tumors. Issues of pulmonary toxicity after radiation therapy and bleomycin-included chemotherapy are considered in article. Pneumonitis developed after treatment divided into early and late, causing the deterioration of respiratory function. The article examines the emergence of pulmonary toxicity after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, especially with the inclusion of bleomycin. The most significant adverse effect of the bleomycin using is interstitial pneumonitis followed by pulmonary fibrosis, which is diagnosed in 46 % patients. The mortality of patients with bleomycin-induced pulmonitis is 3 %. The article describes the clinical manifestations of complications and methods of diagnosis. Bleomycin-associated pneumonitis diagnosed in 3-5 % patients receiving doses of ≤300 mg, and in 20 % patients after total doses ≥500 mg. In addition to the study of pulmonary function tests in the article the technique of performing CT of the chest with the construction of three-dimensional reconstructions using applications “Volume rendering”, allow to diagnose early and late pulmonary toxicity. The diagnostics of the late pulmonary toxicity are difficult because clinical symptoms are usually absent or expressed at moderate and low level. For timely diagnosis of this condition should be carefully controlled to an annual survey of laboratory tests, including spirometry and measurement of carbon monooxide diffusing capacity, as well as the control radiography and CT of the chest. The density gradient of the lung tissue is relatively small for the visual assessment of moderate diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, and the use of three-dimensional image allows you to improve the perception of the data, without the need for additional scanning study area.
Clinical and laboratory features of infectious mononucleosis depending on the etiological factor in children
Authors: Postanogova Nina Olegovna , Sofronova Lyudmila Vasil’evna , Milyakova Ferdausa Ravkhatovna
Published: February 2016

The article contains the results of observations in 54 children aged 1 to 6 years with infectious mononucleosis. The evaluated of clinical and laboratory data with consideration of the etiological factor of the disease. Depending on the etiology there are 3 groups of patients: 18 with EBV-associated IM, 18 with CMV IM and 18 with mixed etiology mononucleosis (EBV + CMV). All children received antibiotic therapy (cephalosporin of third generation), immunostimulatory drugs, in a dosage of age (recombinant interferon Alfa-2b) and symptomatic treatment. Verification of pathogens was carried out by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were determined separately specific immunoglobulins M and G antibodies to EBV antigens and CMV. Disease in all children was accompanied by fever, tonsillitis, lymphadenopathy, enlarged liver and spleen. A laboratory study of characteristics was carried out at the time of admission and on day 11 of hospitalization. Intoxication with EBV IM were significantly more common than with CMV IM (p = 0,018). The pasty face was noted when mixed IM significantly more frequently than when monoethylamine versions (in comparison with EBV-IM p = 0,03, with CMV IM - p = 0,001). Splenomegaly in EBV + CMV IM more often met in comparison with EBV-IM (p = 0,01) and CMV- IM (p = 0,02). More significant levels of neutropenia and limfomonotsitozis occurred during the EBV-IM. Leukocytosis and increased ESR were more pronounced with CMV IM. Indicators of aminotransferases increased more significantly if EBV IM + CMV IM (in comparison with EBV IM p = 0,04, with CMV IM p = 0,05). On 11th day of hospitalization when the EBV IM in comparison with CMV IM remained more pronounced neutropenia and monocytosis (p = 0,04 and p = 0,05 respectively), nonspecific changes in laboratory indicators (leucocytosis, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate) - CMV IM (p = 0,05 and p = 0,04 respectively).
Clinical and epidemiological evaluation of cases of hepatitis E in St. Petersburg
Authors: Peradze Khatuna Dzhemalievna
Published: February 2016

Hepatitis E - zoonotic disease that has received a nosological independence twenty years ago, when Russian scientist, Professor M. S. Balayan, identified the pathogen (hepatitis E). It was believed that the disease can manifest itself only in the acute form, and occur only in regions with subtropical and tropical climate conditions. The development and introduction of practicing of modern scientific research methods for detecting antibodies to activator change, to view the global prevalence of infection and present doubts on inabilities of transformation into a chronic form. The purpose of our research was to conduct a retrospective analysis of hospital cases of acute jaundice hepatitis E in St. Petersburg. Etiologic accessory to hepatitis E implemented by discovery in serum of patients a specific marker of infection hepatitis E- an anti-HEV. In the analysis of archive documentation for 2000-2014 from the patients which were hospitalized in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital by S. P. Botkin only 15 patients were diagnosed with “acute hepatitis E”. Which indicates the presence of patients with acute hepatitis E infection among hospitalized in hospitals of the city of St. Petersburg are not endemic for this disease. The presence of cases of disease of the indigenous inhabitants of the city during the past years, which isn’t going beyond its limits, indicates the existence of “autochthonous” hepatitis E.
The structure of the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of newborn rats as a result of the prenatal influence of ethanol
Authors: Pugach Petr Vladimirovich , Kruglov Sergey Vladimirovich , Karelina Natalia Rafailovna , Breusenko Dmitriy Vitalievich , Bazhin Stepan Yurevich , Krugovikhin Stanislav Alexandrovich , Mamerzaev Nariman Alimirzoevich , Molchanov Daniil Alexandrovich
Published: February 2016

The present study was undertaken to examine the structural features of the thymus and cranial mesenteric lymph nodes of newborn rats that have occurred as a result of antenatal alcohol intoxication. We used a set of morphometric, anatomical and histological methods. A study of the cranial mesenteric lymph nodes performed on 45 newborn rats born to 18 female mongrel white rats seven months of age. The studies were conducted in compliance with the order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR N 755 from 12.08.1977 and the order of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of the USSR from 13.11.1984, "On the rules of work with experimental animals". Females, on which was received investigated offspring exposed to 15 % ethanol as the sole source of fluid for 1 week, one and three months before pregnancy, during pregnancy and after its completion. It is shown that depending on the duration of pregravid exposure to ethanol occur progredient changes in the structure of the thymus and cranial mesenteric lymph nodes. In the thymus, as well as in the lymph nodes, decreases the number of lymphoid cells and stromal elements content increases. In lymph nodes there are significant changes in the structure of the sinus system. The severity of the identified morphological changes due to the duration of the effects of alcohol on the system "mother-placenta-fetus”.
Cerebral Glial Tumors: General Principles of Diagnostics and Treatment
Authors: Trashkov Alexander Petrovich , Spirin Andrei Leont'evich , Tsygan Nikolai Vasilievich , Artyomenko Margarita Radievna , Pechatnikova Vareriya Antonovna , Verlov Nikolai Alexandrovich
Published: February 2016

Cerebral glial tumors continue to be a relevant issue of contemporary medicine in spite of considerable breakthroughs in oncology and neurosurgery. Cerebral gliomas constitute about 40-45 % of all glial tumors’ general structure; these tumors are mostly diagnosed at the age of 30-60 thus affecting the most able-bodied segment of population. Glial tumors usually arise out of astrocytal or oligodendrocytal cell population and are characteristic of high growth rate, invasiveness, early metastatic ability, high rate of recurrence and unfavorable prognosis. The present paper focuses at the contemporary clinical classification of gliomas based upon their location, histogenesis and activity of growth. Invasive growth with absence of distinct macroscopic border between the tumor and normal brain tissue is a characteristic peculiarity of glial brain tumors. This type of growth is peculiar for fast-growing highly malignant gliomas (anaplastic astrocytomas, glioblastomas). It is characteristic of unfavorable outcome. Anaplastic gliomas like a majority of malignant tumors are characteristic of intensive development of pathologic vascular network which boosts the rate of tumor growth as well as the intensity of metastases-forming also increasing the risk of cerebral hemorrhage into the tumor. Nodal type of growth with distinct border and moderate infiltration is less typical and may be found in case of conditionally benign gliomas with more favorable prognosis. The paper gives a detailed review of basic surgical, radiological and chemotherapeutical approaches towards treatment of gliomas. Closing the review the authors conclude that methods described in the paper do not exhaust all suggested improvements of glial tumors treatment and that elaboration of novel methods will bring neurooncologists closer to solving this actual problem.
The relation to pregnancy, the child, motherhood of women in IVF situation
Authors: Malenova Arina Yurevna , Kytkova Irina Gennadevna
Published: February 2016

Research objective - studying of features of the relation to pregnancy, the child, motherhood of women in IVF situation. Selection: 100 married pregnant women aged from 28 till 42 years (the first pregnancy of the first trimester, complications in the anamnesis isn't present) representing two groups on 50 people: 1) after artificial insemination (empirical group); 2) in a situation natural pregnancy (control group). The leading motives of pregnancy, types of the attitude towards themselves, pregnancies, to the child, people around, the prevailing installations in the sphere of the family relations, features of representation of future mothers about themselves and "the ideal parent" are defined by testing. Distinctions in all respects with women from control group are found. It is established that in vitro fertilisation the high level of readiness for motherhood according to its motivational characteristics is observed. Prevalence of constructive motives of pregnancy against concern in the health and aspirations to meet social expectations is revealed. The leading types of a gestational dominant are optimum and euphoric, the hypertrophied positive emotional background of pregnancy is observed. In the future of a bike probability the dependent relations with the child, preference of the sponsoring or authoritative style of family education. Revaluation of own parental qualities when comparing with image of ideal mother is observed. Results allow to carry women to the group of risk demanding psychological maintenance before and after the childbirth.
Antihypoxic effects of new metal-complex copper-containing substances
Authors: Sosin Denis Vladimirovich , Shalayeva Olga Eugenievna , Evseev Andrei Viktorovich
Published: February 2016

In experiments on mice in 3 different models of acute exogenous hypoxia, 12 new substances concerning to a group of copper-containing physiologically compatible antioxidants were investigated. It was discovered that substances πQ262, πQ1077 А and πQ1079 А significantly increase lifetime of mice during development of all used variants of hypoxias. On the example of the most active agents in the studied group (πQ262, πQ1077 A, πQ1079 A) shows that their anti-hypoxic effect on the development of acute exogenous hypoxia is accompanied by a marked decrease in the standard of energy metabolism, as well as a significant inhibitory effect on the state of the cardio-respiratory system of experimental animals. The obtained results allow attributing such substances as πQ262, πQ1077 А and πQ1079 А to the antihypoxant group of metabolic action.
Statokinetic stability improvement in healthy volunteers by pharmacological drugs (pilot study)
Authors: Buinov Leonid Gennadievich , Sorokina Ludmila Alexandrovna , Buznik Galina Viktorovna , Shabanov Peter Dmitrievich
Published: February 2016

In 26 healthy volunteers of 18-20 years old, the statokinetic stability before and after 10-days course of the complex of pharmacological drugs MAOP (metaprot 0.25 g, aerovit 1 tab., potassium orotate 0.5 g twice a day) was studied. The statokinetic stability was determined by time of maximal endurability of unbroken cumulation of Kariolis’ accelerations (UCKA) with registration of severity of sensory, vegetative and somatic reactions of volunteers. Prescription of MAOP complex improved endurability of UCKA. Time of maximal endurability of UCKA was increased by 91.2 %, sense of heat was reduced by 50 %, headache and painful sense in the head - by 60 %, sickness - by 62.5%, hyperhidrosis - by 53.8%. Improvement of statokinetic endurability in volunteers was supported by the complex computer stabilography data. It is suggested that statokinetic stability can be improved by means of preventive course of pharmacological complex of MAOP.
Tactics of diabetes treatment according to the principle “opposite with opposite” in the Avicenna’s “Canon of Medicine“ and its relevance to modern medicine
Authors: Sharofova Mijgona , Nuraliev Yusuf Nuralievich , Sagdieva Sh S
Published: February 2016

In the article, at the junction of Avicenna's medical system and the achievements of modern medical sciences, used as evidence, the nature, indications for use of the tactics of therapy, “the opposite with opposite” and its significance for modern medicine as pathogenetic therapy of diseases pathogenesis of which is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome is analyzed.
Factors Influencing Smartphone Repurchase
Authors: Leelakulthanit Orose , Hongcharu Boonchai
Published: February 2016

This study is an early attempt to deal with the issue of the long-term performance of smartphones in the Thai market by focusing on the construct of the repeat purchase of these products. The adult users of smartphones are interviewed. The results from the multiple regression analysis reveal that brand reputation, aesthetic value or the beauty of the design, and economic value or fair price, are positively correlated with the repurchase of smartphones, whereas learning about new technologies such as smartphones is negatively correlated with smartphone repurchase.
Return on Investment For Social Media: A Proposed Framework For Understanding, Implementing, And Measuring The Return
Authors: Gilfoil David M. , Jobs Charles
Published: February 2016

Web 2.0 has enabled a whole new way for companies, user communities and others to engage each other. Social Media (SM) platforms (i.e. blogs, micro-blogs, social networks, video/photo upload sites), in particular, comprise a flourishing new set of eWOM and viral marketing mechanisms that are growing exponentially. More and more global companies are using SM some because they know it works, others because theyre afraid not to use it. How much they spend, and how long they continue to spend it, will depend on how effective SM proves to be in the long run. The measurement of social media effectiveness, or return on investment (ROI), is a key factor in the long term success of SM marketing and management programs. This paper provides a summary overview of the SM ROI literature where there is a vast range of opinions/models/calculations in both academic and trade journals. It suggests that the SM ROI issue is far more complex than most report, and provides a business unit of analysis framework for better understanding this complexity. It also discusses SM ROI measurement within the context of business process/performance management basics and suggests guidelines and principles for how and when to proceed with such measurement.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act And German Non-Profit Organizations: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Hasenpflug Thomas Wilhelm
Published: February 2016

Drawing on a survey of German non-profit organizations, this paper explores the state of implementation of corporate governance mechanisms by focusing on the organizations profiles. Subject of the research are those mechanisms as developed in the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the for-profit sector which have since also been implemented for non-profit sector organizations. In applying chi-square tests, the association between the existence of these practices and a range of organizational characteristics was reviewed and the most influential characteristics were identified. This association of characteristics and practices explains a potential compliance of an organization. Such knowledge can be applied by a number of stakeholder groups, such as organizational decision-makers, legislators and sponsors. The identified characteristics, in order of importance, were annual revenue, age of the organization, existence of an international branch structure, organizations board members being active in the private sector, and organizations having an international scope of activities.
Establishment Of A Strategic Total Direct Mail Model To Bring Customers Into Auto Dealerships
Authors: Ishiguro Hisatoshi , Amasaka Kakuro
Published: February 2016

This paper uses statistical science and mathematical programming to develop a strategic Total Direct Mail Model TDMM with the aim of bringing more customers into auto dealerships. The core systems used in the model are (1) a customer purchase data analysis system to increase dealer visits, (2) a DM content optimization system to target customer preferences, (3) a system for strategically determining who should be sent direct mail based on who actually visits the dealership, and (4) a DM promotion system for sales staff to increase market share. These four systems are integrated and strategically applied to promote dealer visits. The authors then apply this model at an actual auto dealership, where they are able to successfully increase dealer visits.
A Content Analysis Of Advertising Transitions: Impact Of Brand Name, Persona, And Appeals
Authors: Kim Kyunghee , Cho Yoon C.
Published: February 2016

Advertising has long been considered an element of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) tools and has played a crucial role in delivering messages that are reflected by various environmental situations. The authors of this paper posit that components of advertising including contents of messages, language, choice of persona and appeals are strongly affected by such environmental factors as social, cultural, and economic movements. Based on this consideration, this study investigates the trend in advertising markets by reflecting transitional market issues. In particular, this study investigates the effects of brand name, celebrities roles, age groups, gender, and advertising appeals. The purpose of the study is to investigate the following elements of advertising that are often affected by such recent transitions as social, cultural, and economic movements: i) effects of a brand name containing meanings; ii) effects of a brand name stemming from the native language; iii) effects of celebrities appearances in ads, iv) effects of age groups and the role of gender in the persona; and v) effects of advertising messages that include rational or emotional appeals. This study conducted content analysis by examining selected TV commercials and gives implications of how the effectiveness of advertising is related to the aforementioned environmental movements, emphasizing which issues should be considered for future advertising content.
A Theoretical Framework For Managing CSR Plans And Related Initiatives In The Modern Business Environment
Authors: Van Tonder Estelle , Roberts-Lombard Mornay
Published: February 2016

Organisations can make a valuable contribution in alleviating poverty and improving the general living standards of society. In the modern turbulent business environment, characterised by intense competition and customers demanding corporate responsibility, it further seems that a well-managed corporate social responsibility (CSR) plan could assist executives in winning the hearts and minds of their customers. Regular interactions with stakeholders on CSR initiatives can also assist executives in identifying trends in the market and introducing innovations. CSR can further be used as a strategic tool to manage the reputation of the organisation. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical framework on guidelines that organisations could implement to manage their CSR plans and CSR-related initiatives more effectively. A number of secondary sources, including textbooks and previous research studies, were consulted in compiling the proposed framework which includes actions that executives could take to design and implement their CSR plans more effectively. In addition, principles for the effective management of CSR-driven innovations and reputation management initiatives are also provided. The framework also focuses on guidelines for the types of social media initiatives that would need to be incorporated into the executives strategic plan to ensure that the strategy implemented is truly competitive. The paper concludes with a number of recommendations that could be further investigated in a follow-on empirical study to provide further assistance to organisations wishing to survive and grow their businesses in the modern turbulent business environment. The paper is relevant to executives requiring guidance on implementing their CSR initiatives more successfully and contributes to the improvement of organisational behaviour within the socially responsible environment.
Lack Of Timeliness, Noise And Transitory Components In Earnings As Explanations For The Apparent Decline In The Value Relevance Of Earnings
Authors: Sneathen, Jr. L. Dwight
Published: February 2016

Prior studies identify three factors that contribute to the low contemporaneous association between returns (prices) and earnings: lack of timeliness of earnings capturing value relevant information, noise in earnings, and transitory elements in earnings. This study seeks to identify whether these factors contribute to the observed inter-temporal decline in the contemporaneous association between returns (prices) and earnings documented in recent literature. Prior studies do not explicitly examine the affect of these factors on the inter-temporal decline, and the extant evidence is mixed. Empirical evidence presented here indicates that lack of timeliness of earnings and value-irrelevant noise in earnings have increased over time, both contributing to the documented inter-temporal decline in the contemporaneous association between returns (prices) and earnings.
Exploratory Study Of The Relationship Between Poverty And Crimes In Albany/Dougherty, Georgia
Authors: Nwaokoro Amaechi N. , Marshall Clifford , Mittal Shiwam
Published: February 2016

Both the crime andpoverty rates in Albany/Dougherty County, Georgia, are substantially high. Therefore, the objective of this study is tohighlight the sources of the relationships between poverty and crimes in thisarea. The paper makes additionalcontributions by exploring the impact of non-market factors of segregation anddiscrimination on poverty in the remote Dougherty County that is also characterizedby both dualistic and restricted environments.The crimes seem to be driven by poverty that is characterized by otherfactors - the remoteness of the county, exit of some big establishments, decliningurban education, increasing unemployment rate, non-harmonized economic environments,and by the presence of teenage pregnancy. These prevailing adversities have cumulativelysuppressed the real average weekly wage rate, proxy of poverty. Crimes and poverty control measures areincluded in the study.
Estimating The Annual Cost Of Ownership Of A Recreational Horse In Indiana
Authors: Furdek Jonathan M. , Conners Susan E.
Published: February 2016

A number of studies have attempted to estimate the cost of horse ownership in various States. These studies provided valuable information regarding the types of costs associated with horse ownership and an estimate of a grand average cost. Horse ownership is more complex depending on a variety of factors including location, breed, horserelated activities, and potential revenues.In this study, a regression model is developed that provides insights into the factors most relevant to horse ownership costs as well as a more effective model for estimating horse ownership costs in Indiana when compared to an estimation of cost based on a general average.
The Control Process Effectiveness: Organization Versus Customer
Authors: Barkai Ofer
Published: February 2016

This research project, which was implemented in an organization whose primary function is providing service (Telecommunication company), studies the scope of the correlation between the quality of service from the customers point of view (customer survey) and the organization (Telecommunication company systems). The research is important both for economic and scientific reasons. It involves many organizational control units which require significant monetary investments. From a scientific point of view, the research is important because it can shed light on the asymmetrical point of view existing between customers and organizations. Organizations that are service providers place high importance on the quality of service and their image as perceived by their customers. Quality of service is measured through internal control processes and from there is passed on to the staff who are directly involved in customer service. In this study, we focus on a large organization which implements control processes and then provides service to customers. Therefore, the activities of this organization are judged first and foremost on the basis of the service quality provided. The existing internal control processes of the organization, which measure the standard of service provided on the basis of organizational benchmarks are separate from those that measure customer satisfaction. In this project, we analyze the correlation between the outlook of the customer and the results of internal control processes.
The Role Of Oil Speculation On The Economy: The Problem With The View Of Fattouth, Kilian, And Mahadeva
Authors: Ajuzie Emmanuel I.S.
Published: February 2016

On July 30, 2012, Fattouth, Kilian, and Mahadeva published and online paper titled, The Role of Oil Speculation in Oil Markets: What Have We Learned So Far? They concluded that the existing evidence is not supportive of an important role of speculation in driving the spot price of oil after 2003. This paper aims to show that the conclusion of their paper, which challenges the finding of direct correlation between oil speculation and rising spot oil prices in Ajuzie et al. (published in 2009) is fraught with omissions that have led to mistaken conclusions. In their literature review, they failed to include opposing findings, even when those views are in public domain. Because of the enormous negative consequences that will result from misapplication of economic policies based on such mistaken conclusions, it is important to address the error in their finding.
Fast Initial Response Control Charts For Accounting Activities
Authors: Krehbiel Timothy C. , Eighme Jan E. , Havelka Douglas
Published: February 2016

Although Six Sigma was developed to improve processes in a manufacturing environment, its use has expanded to many other areas including accounting and finance. We propose that control charts, originally used as tools for monitoring short-run manufacturing processes, can be effectively used in the Control Stage of Six Sigma projects designed to improve accounting processes with sparse data. We describe four of these control charts: (1) pre-control charts; (2) Shewhart control charts with dramatically reduced average run lengths (ARLs); (3) Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) control charts with fast initial response (FIR) enhancements; and (4) Exponentially Weighted Moving Averages (EWMA) control charts with FIR enhancements. We provide examples of FIR enhancements to CUSUM and EWMA control charts that can result in quicker detection of small shifts in the mean of accounting data.
Price Comparison, Price Competition, And The Effects Of ShopBots
Authors: Passyn Kirsten A. , Diriker Memo , Settle Robert B.
Published: February 2016

Two ShopBots were used to determine high-to-low price dispersion for identical models of 25 consumer durables, in 2007 and again in 2011, revealing substantial but declining price dispersion ratios. A survey of 1,135 American online shoppers revealed their dependence on ShopBots and frequency of other online shopping actions. Typical respondent reported they "very often" used search sites to locate what they wanted. Nearly 30 percent used the most often named price comparison site, Yahoo! Shopping, in the past year, suggesting substantial potential for future price rationalization. Several customer relationship management tools online merchants might use to avoid the resulting direct price competition are discussed. Finally, the impact of m-commerce, tablets, and apps on online price comparison behavior is explored.
Industry Influences On Organizational Slack
Authors: Marlin Dan
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify and examine differences in organizational slack across multiple industries. Using a sample of 353 US publicly traded firms, eight measures of organizational slack were examined across six 2-digit SIC industry groupings. The authors analyses revealed significant differences across industries in each of the slack measures examined. Implications and areas for future research are discussed.
The Theoretical Defenses Of The Last In First Out Inventory Methods
Authors: Harris Peter , Stahlin William
Published: February 2016

The Last in First out Method (LIFO) is presently under severe scrutiny from the financial community which may soon culminate in its repeal as an acceptable accounting method. There are pressures from the SEC in conjunction with the International Financial Accounting Standards Board (IFRS) to standardize accounting standards worldwide. In addition, there is political pressure imposed by the U.S. administration to raise additional revenues. Both groups strongly oppose LIFO, raising a strong possibility of its complete elimination. This paper addresses the reasons defending LIFO as an acceptable accounting method strictly from a financial reporting perspective.
Stock Market, Economic Performance, And Presidential Elections
Authors: Chien Wen-Wen , Mayer Roger W. , Wang Zigan
Published: February 2016

Using stock market and economic data from 1900 to 2008 from 27 separate presidential administrations in the United States (U.S.), including 15 Republican and 12 Democratic, this paper examines the relationships between the market return after each Election Day and economic performance during the presidential term. Using the theoretical framework of political economy, the authors examine how Wall Streets reaction to a presidential election acts as a predictive measure of future economic performance. The analysis shows that the after-election market movement has progressively been more accurate in predicting the future Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth but not the future unemployment rates. Given that the results show a higher correlation over time, the model appears to provide a good starting point for judging the economic potential of future presidential administrations.
Research And Development Investment
Authors: Cannon Nicholas J. , Ulferts Gregory W. , Howard Terry L.
Published: February 2016

The United States has long enjoyed a leadership role in research and development investment and they invest more in both basic and applied scientific research than any other country. The U.S. preeminence in R&D investment, however, is at a critical point. U.S. R&D investment has been declining as a percentage of the nations GDP since 2009, and in 2013, U.S. R&D investment is expected to decline in real dollars as well. Declining investment in R&D is the result of budgetary constraints and the lack of political consensus as to the economic value of the governments continued commitment to R&D programs. This decline in U.S. investment comes at a time when global R&D investment is increasing significantly. Economic rivals, led by China in particular, have made investment in R&D a core component of their plans for economic growth and have committed themselves to increasing and substantial R&D investment. U.S. policymakers need to take action now to reverse what could become a policy trend of decreased government investment in R&D, which has both a short-term and long-term impact. R&D spending is an economic and employment driver and ultimately employs 8.27 million U.S. workers, generating $1.238 trillion dollars to the U.S. economy. In addition, government investment funds the majority of basic scientific research which, in the past, has led to such innovations as digital recording technology, communication satellites, global positioning systems (GPS), and the Internet. It is unclear if the private sector alone can make up the difference in government R&D investment. If the U.S. fails to protect its leadership position in R&D investment, it consequently risks its leadership in science, technology, productivity, and innovation which is the basis of the nations employment and economic activity.
Privatizing Social Security: Advisable But It Can Be A Roller-Coaster Ride To The U.S. Taxpayer
Authors: Hassan Mahamood M.
Published: February 2016

The ability of the Social Security retirement program to pay the promised benefits to future generations has been debated since the 1960s. Various suggestions have been made, but the one that has attracted the most passionate opinions has been whether some or all of the Social Security Trust Funds should be invested in the stock market, which would yield higher returns than on the Federal government issued bonds (Treasury Bonds). In reviewing 88 years of financial market data going back to 1926, the author shows that investing in the stock market (using the S&P 500 as the proxy) will most probably produce higher returns for the U.S. taxpayer (investor) over the long term, but the investor will have to be prepared for a roller-coaster ride of highs and lows.
Avoiding The Imposition Of Penalties And Sanctions Under Circular 230 On Tax Practitioners
Authors: Leavins John R.
Published: February 2016

The Treasury Department and the IRS have established certain standards for those who are tax practitioners. Certified Public Accountants and other tax practitioners face potential penalties if they violate those standards. Treasury Department Circular No. 230 contains the rules that guide practitioners. It also specifies a number of tax preparer penalties and sanctions that can be imposed on those who practice before the IRS. Sanctions can include censure, suspension, disbarment, and the assessment of monetary penalties. The imposition of these sanctions can have a significant negative impact on a CPAs practice. The CPA firms reputation and its ability to generate income can be adversely affected. The purpose of this article is to summarize the penalties and sanctions contained in Treasury Circular 230. The article also recommends courses of action that tax practitioners should take in order to minimize their exposure to those sanctions.
Fundamentals Or Fancies? The Justification Of Returns To Equity From 1950 To 2007
Authors: Howard Bruce
Published: February 2016

Profit-maximizing firms should continue to invest in economic capital to the point where the marginal product of capital equals the marginal cost of financial capital. As such, the returns to shareholders on the right-hand side of the balance sheet should be justified by the returns generated by assets employed on the left-hand side. The author compares the net real after-tax marginal product of capital with returns on U.S. equities over the period 1950 to 2007. The results show that long-term returns on large cap U.S. equities are justified by the marginal product of capital.