bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA E POLÍTICA AMBIENTAL: INCONGRUÊNCIAS DO CADASTRO AMBIENTAL RURAL NO ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Tupiassu Lise , Gros-Desormaux Jean-Raphael , Da Cruz Gisleno Augusto Costa
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo apresenta e analisa as consequências ambientais e fundiárias das várias incongruências que vêm ocorrendo na implementação no Cadastro Ambiental Rural-CAR no Estado do Pará. Em que pese ter sido criado como um instrumento de auxílio na regularização ambiental, o Cadastro Ambiental Rural vem sendo utilizado indevidamente como instrumento de regularização fundiária, com efeitos nefastos tanto na esfera ambiental quando na esfera fundiária. A partir da análise de diplomas legais, dados primários e secundários e estudos sobre do conteúdo da base de dados do CAR, observa-se o desvio no uso do instrumento, que se constitui em uma nova ferramenta de grilagem e culmina por não atender o objetivo ambiental inicialmente almejado. O artigo analisa, ainda, os efeitos deletérios das falhas na utilização do CAR para a política de rebate territorial representada pelo ICMS Verde implantado no Estado do Pará, fazendo com que a política fundiário-ambiental implique em incongruências na própria repartição de recursos tributários aos municípios. Conclui-se que as incongruências na implementação do CAR no Estado do Pará, além de enfraquecerem o instrumento, ocasionam injustiças fiscais e contribuem para o acirramento do caos fundiário presente na região amazônica.
Influence of geomagnetic activity on mesopause temperature over Yakutia
Authors: Gavrilyeva Galina , Ammosov Petr
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The long-term temperature changes of the mesopause region at the hydroxyl molecule OH (6-2) nighttime height and its connection with the geomagnetic activity during the 23rd and beginning 24th solar cycles are presented. Measurements were conducted with an infrared digital spectrograph at the Maimaga station (63° N, 129.5° E). The hydroxyl rotational temperature (TOH) is assumed to be equal to the neutral atmosphere temperature at altitude of ~ 87 km. The average temperatures obtained for the period 1999 to 2015 are considered. The season of observations starts at the beginning of August and lasts until the middle of May. The maximum of the seasonally averaged temperatures is delayed by 2 years relative to the maximum of flux of radio emission from the Sun with a wavelength of 10.7 cm, and correlates with a change in geomagnetic activity. Ap-index as a measure of geomagnetic activity is taken. Temperature grouping in accordance with the geomagnetic activity level showed that in years with high activity (Ap > 8), the mesopause temperature from October to February is about ∙10 K higher than in years with low activity (Ap
Implications of potential future grand solar minimum for ozone layer and climate
Authors: Arsenovic Pavle , Rozanov Eugene , Anet Julien , Stenke Andrea , Peter Thomas
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Continued anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are expected to cause further global warming throughout the 21st century. Understanding potential interferences with natural forcings is thus of great interest. Here we investigate the impact of a recently proposed 21st century grand solar minimum on atmospheric chemistry and climate using the SOCOL3-MPIOM chemistry-climate model with interactive ocean. We examine several model simulations for the period 2000–2199, following the greenhouse gas scenario RCP4.5, but with different solar forcings: the reference simulation is forced by perpetual repetition of solar cycle 23 until the year 2199, whereas the grand solar minimum simulations assume strong declines in solar activity of 3.5 and 6.5 W m−2 with different durations. Decreased solar activity is found to yield up to a doubling of the GHG induced stratospheric and mesospheric cooling. Under the grand solar minimum scenario tropospheric temperatures are also projected to decrease. On the global scale the reduced solar forcing compensates at most 15 % of the expected greenhouse warming at the end of 21st and around 25 % at the end of 22nd century. The regional effects are predicted to be stronger, in particular in northern high latitude winter. In the stratosphere, the reduced incoming ultraviolet radiation leads to less ozone production by up to 8 %, which overcompensates the anticipated ozone increase due to reduced stratospheric temperatures and an acceleration of the Brewer-Dobson circulation. This, in turn, leads to a delay in total ozone column recovery from anthropogenic chlorine-induced depletion, with a global ozone recovery to the pre-ozone hole values happening only upon completion of the grand solar minimum in the 22nd century or later.
Aerosol optical properties and trace gas emissions by PAX and OP-FTIR for laboratory-simulated western US wildfires during FIREX
Authors: Selimovic Vanessa , Yokelson Robert J. , Warneke Carsten , Roberts James M. , de Gouw Joost , Reardon James , Griffith David W. T.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Western wildfires have a major impact on air quality in the US. In the fall of 2016, 107 test fires were burned in the large-scale combustion facility at the US Forest Service Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory as part of the Fire Influence on Regional and Global Environments Experiment (FIREX). Canopy, litter, duff, dead wood, and other fuel components were burned in combinations that represented realistic fuel complexes for several important western US coniferous and chaparral ecosystems including Ponderosa Pine, Douglas Fir, Engelmann Spruce, Lodgepole Pine, Subalpine Fire, Chamise, and Manzanita In addition, dung, Indonesian peat, and individual coniferous ecosystem fuel components were burned stand-alone to investigate the effects of individual components (e.g. “duff”) and fuel chemistry on emissions. The smoke emissions were characterized by a large suite of state-of-the-art instruments. In this study we report emission factor (EF, g compound emitted per kg fuel burned) measurements in fresh smoke of a diverse suite of critically-important trace gases measured by open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR). We also report aerosol optical properties (absorption EF, single scattering albedo (SSA), and Ångström absorption exponent (AAE)) as well as black carbon (BC) EF measured by photoacoustic extinctiometers (PAX) at 870 and 401 nm. The average trace gas emissions were similar across the coniferous ecosystems tested and most of the variability observed in emissions could be attributed to differences in the consumption of components such as duff and litter, rather than the dominant tree species. Chaparral fuels produced lower EF than mixed coniferous fuels for most trace gases except for NOx and acetylene. A careful comparison with available field measurements of wildfires confirms that several methods can be used to extract data representative of real wildfires from the FIREX lab fire data. This is especially valuable for species not yet measured in the field. For instance, the OP-FTIR data alone show that ammonia (1.65 g kg−1), acetic acid (2.44 g kg−1), nitrous acid (HONO, 0.61 g kg−1) and other trace gases such as glycolaldehyde and formic acid are significant emissions not previously measured for US wildfires. The PAX measurements show that the ratio of brown carbon (BrC) absorption to BC absorption is strongly dependent on modified combustion efficiency (MCE) and that BrC absorption is most dominant for combustion of duff (AAE 7.13) and rotten wood (AAE 4.60): fuels that are consumed in greater amounts during wildfires than prescribed fires. Coupling our lab data with field data suggests that fresh wildfire smoke typically has an EF for BC near 0.1 g kg−1), an SSA of ~ 0.91 and an AAE of ~ 3.50, with the latter implying that about 86% of the aerosol absorption at 401 nm is due to BrC.
Evaluating the Lower Tropospheric COSMIC GPS Radio Occultation Sounding Quality over the Arctic
Authors: Yu Xiao , Xie Feiqin , Ao Chi O.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Lower tropospheric moisture and temperature measurements are crucial for understanding weather predication and climate change. Global Positioning System radio occultation (GPS RO) has been demonstrated as a high-quality observation with high-vertical-resolution and sub-Kelvin temperature precision from the upper troposphere to the stratosphere. In the tropical lower troposphere, particularly the lowest 2 km, the quality of RO retrievals is known to be degraded and is a topic of active research. However, it is not clear whether similar problems exist in the high latitudes, particularly over the Artic, which is characterized by smooth ocean surface and often negligible moisture in the atmosphere. In this study, three-year (2008–2010) GPS RO soundings from COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate) over the Arctic (65° N-90° N) show uniform spatial sampling with average penetration depth within 300 m above the ocean surface. Over 70 % soundings penetrate below 300 m in all non-summer seasons but only about 50–60 % in summer, when near-surface moisture and its variation increase. Both structural and parametric uncertainties of GPS RO soundings were also analyzed. The structural uncertainty (due to different data processing approaches) is estimated to be within 0.07 % in refractivity, 0.72 K in temperature and −0.029 g/kg in specific humidity below 10 km, which is derived by comparing RO retrievals from two independent data processing centers. The parametric uncertainty (internal uncertainty of RO sounding) is quantified by comparing GPS RO with near-coincident radiosonde and ECMWF ERA-Interim profiles. A systematic negative bias up to ~ 1 % in refractivity below 2 km is only seen in the summer, which confirms the moisture impact on GPS RO quality.
Hurricane Arthur and its effect on the short-term variability of pCO2 on the Scotian Shelf, NW Atlantic
Authors: Lemay Jonathan , Thomas Helmuth , Craig Susanne E. , Burt William J. , Fennel Katja , Greenan Blair J.W.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The understanding of seasonal variability of carbon cycling on the Scotian Shelf, NW Atlantic Ocean, has improved in recent years, however, very little information is available regarding its short-term variability. In order to shed light on this aspect of carbon cycling on the Scotian Shelf we investigate the effects of Hurricane Arthur, which passed the region on July 5th 2014. The hurricane caused a substantial decline in the surface water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), even though the Scotian Shelf possesses CO2 rich deep waters. High temporal resolution data of moored autonomous instruments demonstrate that there is a distinct layer of relatively cold water with low dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) slightly above the thermocline, presumably due to a sustained population of phytoplankton. Strong storm-related wind mixing caused this cold intermediate layer with high phytoplankton biomass to be entrained into the surface mixed layer. At the surface, phytoplankton begin to grow more rapidly due to increased light. The combination of growth and mixing of low DIC water led to a short-term reduction in partial pressure of CO2 until wind speeds relaxed and allowed for the restratification of the upper water column. These Hurricane-related processes caused a (net-) CO2 uptake by the Scotian Shelf region that is comparable to the spring bloom, thus exerting a major impact on the annual CO2 flux budget.
Calcification and inducible defence response of a calcifying organism could be maintained under hypoxia through phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Leung Jonathan Y. S. , Cheung Napo K. M.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Calcification is a vital biomineralization process where calcifying organisms construct their calcareous shells for protection. While this process is expected to deteriorate under hypoxia which reduces the metabolic energy yielded by aerobic respiration, some calcifying organisms were shown to maintain normal shell growth. The underlying mechanism remains largely unknown, but may be related to phenotypic plasticity, whereby shell growth is sustained at the expense of shell quality. Thus, we examined whether adaptive plastic response is exhibited to alleviate the impact of hypoxia on calcification by assessing the shell growth and shell properties of a calcifying polychaete in two contexts (life-threatening and unthreatened conditions). Although hypoxia substantially reduced respiration rate (i.e. less metabolic energy), shell growth was only slightly hindered without weakening mechanical strength under unthreatened conditions. Unexpectedly, hypoxia did not undermine defence response (i.e. enhanced shell growth and mechanical strength) under life-threatening conditions, which may be attributed to the changes in mineralogical properties (e.g. increased calcite/aragonite) to reduce the energy demand for calcification. While more soluble shells (e.g. increased Mg / Ca in calcite) were produced under hypoxia as the trade-off, our findings suggest that phenotypic plasticity could be fundamental for calcifying organisms to maintain calcification under metabolic stress conditions.
The use of genetic programming to develop a predictor of swash excursion on sandy beaches
Authors: Passarella Marinella , Goldstein Evan B. , De Muro Sandro , Coco Giovanni
Published: October 2017

Abstract. We use Genetic Programming (GP), a type of Machine Learning (ML) approach, to predict the total and infragravity swash excursion using previously published datasets that have been used extensively in swash prediction studies. Three previously published works with a range of new conditions are added to this dataset to extend the range of measured swash conditions. Using this newly compiled dataset we demonstrate that a ML approach can reduce the prediction errors compared to well-established parameterizations and therefore it contributes to the error in coastal hazards assessment (e.g. coastal inundation). Predictors obtained using GP can also be physically sound and replicate the functionality and dependencies of previous published formulas. Overall, we show that ML techniques are capable of both improving predictability (compared to classical regression approaches) and providing physical insight into coastal processes.
Synchrotron FTIR imaging of OH in quartz mylonites
Authors: Kronenberg Andreas K. , Hasnan Hasnor F. B. , Holyoke III Caleb W. , Law Richard D. , Liu Zhenxian , Thomas Jay B.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Previous measurements of water in deformed quartzites using conventional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instruments have shown that water contents of larger grains vary from one grain to another. However, the non-equilibrium variations in water content between neighboring grains and within quartz grains cannot be interrogated further without greater measurement resolution, nor can water contents be measured in finely recrystallized grains without including absorption bands due to fluid inclusions, films, and secondary minerals at grain boundaries.Synchrotron infrared (IR) radiation coupled to a FTIR spectrometer has allowed us to distinguish and measure OH bands due to fluid inclusions, hydrogen point defects, and secondary hydrous mineral inclusions through an aperture of 10 µm for specimens > 40 µm thick. Doubly polished infrared (IR) plates can be prepared with thicknesses down to 4–8 µm, but measurement of small OH bands is currently limited by strong interference fringes for samples < 25 µm thick, precluding measurements of water within individual, finely recrystallized grains. By translating specimens under the 10 µm IR beam by steps of 10 to 50 µm, using a software-controlled x − y stage, spectra have been collected over specimen areas of nearly 4.5 mm2. This technique allowed us to separate and quantify broad OH bands due to fluid inclusions in quartz and OH bands due to micas and map their distributions in quartzites from the Moine Thrust (Scotland) and Main Central Thrust (Himalayas).Mylonitic quartzites deformed under greenschist facies conditions in the footwall to the Moine Thrust (MT) exhibit a large and variable 3400 cm−1 OH absorption band due to molecular water, and maps of water content corresponding to fluid inclusions show that inclusion densities correlate with deformation and recrystallization microstructures. Quartz grains of mylonitic orthogneisses and paragneisses deformed under amphibolite conditions in the hanging wall to the Main Central Thrust (MCT) exhibit smaller broad OH bands, and spectra are dominated by sharp bands at 3595 to 3379 cm−1 due to hydrogen point defects that appear to have uniform, equilibrium concentrations in the driest samples. The broad OH band at 3400 cm−1 in these rocks is much less common. The variable water concentrations of MT quartzites and lack of detectable water in highly sheared MCT mylonites challenge our understanding of quartz rheology. However, where water absorption bands can be detected and compared with deformation microstructures, OH concentration maps provide information on the histories of deformation and recovery, evidence for the introduction and loss of fluid inclusions, and water weakening processes.
Verás: aproximación pragmático-discursiva
Authors: González-Sanz Marina
Published: October 2017

Este trabajo aborda la descripción de la unidad verás, desde la perspectiva de la macrosintaxis y la lingüística pragmática. A pesar de que el elemento ha sido previamente descrito como marcador interpersonal de cortesía, constatamos su rentabilidad en otros planos, como el informativo o el modal. Formalmente, es posible encontrar usos combinados de este elemento con el pronombre sujeto tú, tanto en anteposición como en posposición, que se han especializado en la manifestación de diferentes valores. Desde el punto de vista sintáctico, verás se encuentra inmerso en un proceso de fijación: coaparecen usos como estructura libre, en los que se van fijando progresivamente valores metadiscursivos, con otros empleos en los que el elemento funciona como marcador del discurso.
O pensamento enxuto em um empreendimento de múltiplo uso na gestão da produção
Authors: Gondim do Amaral Tatiana , Cândida Pires Nathália , Rodrigues Silva Thaís , Augusto Bouhid de Camargo Filho Carlos
Published: October 2017

A implementação do pensamento enxuto na construção civil contribui para a otimização do processo produtivo, de maneira a evitar desperdícios e fazer com que o produto final agregue o valor desejado pelo cliente. No cenário goiano, percebe-se que houve um despertar para a filosofia enxuta, sendo que algumas empresas já estão buscando a adoção de práticas e ferramentas lean a fim de obter a melhoria nos seus processos produtivos. Este trabalho aplica e valida a ferramenta Lean Construction Assessment Tool (LCAT) em um empreendimento goiano mixed use, avaliando o grau de implementação do pensamento enxuto em sua gestão da produção. O empreendimento apresenta diferenciais tecnológicos em relação aos demais do mercado goiano e, apesar de não se considerar lean, foi possível observar nos resultados a adoção de práticas da construção enxuta na sua gestão da produção. O desempenho obtido foi abaixo de 50% da nota total. Desta forma, foi possível identificar falhas no processo produtivo e, assim, indicar possibilidades de melhorias no que diz respeito à aplicação de práticas enxutas.

Abstract

The lean thinking implementation in civil construction is very important for the optimization of the productive process, in order to avoid wastage and to add to the final product the value desired by the client. In the goiano scenario, it is noticed that there was an awakening to the lean philosophy, and some companies are already looking for the adoption of practices and lean tools in order to obtain the improvement in their productive processes. This work applies and validates the Lean Construction Assessment Tool (LCAT) in a mixed-use enterprise in Goiânia, evaluating the degree of implementation of lean thinking in its production management. The enterprise presents technological differentials in relation to the others in Goiás market, and although it was not called lean, it was possible to observe in the results the adoption of some practices of lean construction in its production management. However, the performance obtained was still below 50% of the total score. In this way, it was possible to identify in which sectors are the failures in the productive process and, thus, indicate possibilities for improvements in the application of lean practices.
Liquidatie van een Solid Soldier?
Authors: Roks R.A.
Published: October 2017

The assassination of a Solid Soldier? ‘Not-knowing-for-sure’ and ‘realness’ around the death of Sin

During an ethnographic research on the Rollin 200 Crips, a Dutch ‘gang’, Sin – one of the author’s informants – was shot and killed in Amsterdam. In this article, the author focuses on the ways in which the Rollin 200 Crips interpreted and made sense of Sin’s death. Several narratives of interpretation could be discerned in the aftermath of his death. Firstly, speculations and rumors about the motives brought feelings of uncertainty and suspicion to the fore, contrasting the otherwise instrumental logic of violence the Rollin 200 Crips communicated during the author’s fieldwork and in the media. In addition, Sin’s death produced a number of narratives about the ‘realness’ of Dutch gang life. For these reasons, Sin’s death represents an impressive, important and meaningful moment during the author’s fieldwork and, more generally, in the history of the Rollin 200 Crips.
Op de grens van ideeën en daden. Over de vervolging van het voorbereiden van liquidaties
Authors: Scheepmaker M.P.C.
Published: October 2017

On the edge of ideas and deeds. The prosecution of preparing contract killings. An interview with prosecutor Koos Plooij and lawyer Christian Flokstra

In this interview the Dutch prosecutor Koos Plooij discusses with criminal lawyer Christian Flokstra on the intention of the Public Prosecution Office to adapt article 46 of the Dutch Penal Law (Sr) in such a way that the burden of proof necessary for a sentence on contract killing is lowered. Plooij argues that many suspects who were clearly up to a very serious deed, have received a relatively low punishment because it was too difficult to prove that they were preparing a contract killing – and were not simply trying to intimidate their target or for instance take this person as a hostage. For the judge it is essential to establish which crime was being prepared, since the latter are completely different crimes and the punishment is much lower compared to the punishment for murder. Flokstra replies by stressing that the limitations of the current article 46 Sr exist to assure that people are not punished for things they didn’t do or were not planning to do. He argues that the prosecution should accept that sometimes there’s just not enough proof to convince the judge that the suspect was preparing a contract killing. A sentence for arms possession or participation in a criminal organization could be an alternative in such cases. Both men agree that the current maximum punishments for these crimes are too low.
Benchmarking of electrolyte mass transport in next generation lithium batteries
Authors: Lindberg Jonas , Lundgren Henrik , Behm Mårten , Lindbergh Göran
Published: October 2017

Beyond conductivity and viscosity, little is often known about the mass transport properties of next generation lithium battery electrolytes, thus, making performance estimation uncertain when concentration gradients are present, as conductivity only describes performance in the absence of these gradients. This study experimentally measured the diffusion resistivity, originating from voltage loss due to a concentration gradient, together with the ohmic resistivity, obtained from ionic conductivity measurements, hence, evaluating electrolytes both with and without the presence of concentration gradients. Under galvanostatic conditions, the concentration gradients, of all electrolytes examined, developed quickly and the diffusion resistivity rapidly dominated the ohmic resistivity. The electrolytes investigated consisted of lithium salt in: room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL), RTIL mixed organic carbonates, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and a conventional Li-ion battery electrolyte. At steady state the RTIL electrolytes displayed a diffusion resistivity  ~ 20 times greater than the ohmic resistivity. The DMSO-based electrolyte showed mass transport properties similar to the conventional Li-ion battery electrolyte. In conclusion, the results presented in this study show that the diffusion polarization must be considered in applications where high energy and power density are desired. 
Non-nutritional use of breast milk
Authors: Piskorska-Jasiulewicz Magdalena Maria , Witkowska-Zimny Małgorzata
Published: October 2017

Mammals milk, in addition to nutrients, contains many biologically active substances including immunoglobulins, growth factors, cytokines, acute phase proteins, and antimicrobial and antiviral proteins. Thanks to its unique composition, for hundreds of years it is used in post-natal care, treatment of wounds, as well as to fight bacterial and viral infections. The discovery of stem cells and HAMLET complex in breast milk resulted in increased interest in human breast milk as a natural medicine. Milk therapy is devoid of side effects, and breast milk banks may serve as a potential source of milk as a drug substance. In this study we collected information about the possible non-nutritional use of breast milk.
Stalagmite-like preretinal inflammatory deposits in vitrectomized eyes with posterior uveitis
Authors: Yonekawa Yoshihiro , Abbey Ashkan M. , Van Laere Lily , Shah Ankoor R. , Thomas Benjamin J. , Ruby Alan J. , Faia Lisa J.
Published: October 2017

We report a new clinical sign of vitreous inflammation in patients with posterior uveitis: spectral-domain optical coherence tomography identified stalagmite-like, discrete, diffusely distributed, hyperreflective, preretinal deposits in previously vitrectomized eyes of 2 patients during flares of posterior uveitis. The extent of the deposits correlated with disease activity. The underlying primary diseases encountered were necrotizing retinochoroiditis secondary to toxoplasmosis and primary central nervous system lymphoma.
Pseudovitelliform maculopathy associated with deferoxamine toxicity: multimodal imaging and electrophysiology of a rare entity
Authors: Bui Kelly , Sadda SriniVas , Salehi-Had Hani
Published: October 2017

Deferoxamine is a commonly used chelating agent for secondary hemochromatosis. We report a rare retinal manifestation of deferoxamine toxicity in a 68-year-old man and provide supporting multimodal imaging and electrophysiology. The patient had iron overload related to transfusion-dependent myelodysplastic syndrome and developed a pseudovitelliform macular lesion related to deferoxamine toxicity. We also describe for the first time the worsening of this maculopathy on deferasirox, an alternative chelating agent. Macular pseudovitelliform lesion is a unique manifestation of deferoxamine toxicity that can be mistaken for pattern dystrophy. It is important to recognize this manifestation, because discontinuation of the offending agent may halt or reverse the toxicity.
A 26-year-old man with ocular complications after adverse reaction to phenytoin
Authors: Gupta Ritesh , Gupta Vasudha , Khan Yasser
Published: October 2017

A 26-year-old black man was admitted to the Burn Unit of Hamilton General Hospital, Ontario, following an adverse drug reaction to phenytoin. He was diagnosed with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Ophthalmology was consulted to assess for ocular complications (Figure 1). The Score of Toxic Epidermal Necrosis (SCORTEN) for this patient was 2 (SCORTEN is a validated severity-of-illness score that is predictive of mortality; scores range from 0 to 7, with 2 corresponding to a 12.1% mortality rate), because he was <40 years of age, had no associated malignancy, had a heart rate of >120 beats/minute, no electrolyte abnormalities (blood urea nitrogen, serum glucose, or serum bicarbonate), and a detached body surface of >10%.(1) He had no comorbidities. His medical history was remarkable for epilepsy. The patient had 85% of his body covered in a thin vesicular slightly blistering rash. His systemic involvement included oral and orbital edema and ulceration of his lips, oral mucosa, scrotum, glans, and upper right chest.
Eficácia do uso de corticoides tópicos no tratamento da fimose primária em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Guimarães Flávio Manuel Gomes , Martins Albino Monteiro
Published: October 2017

Introdução: A fimose primária é um problema frequente na consulta de saúde infantil, com prevalência de 11% aos 3 anos de idade. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão é avaliar a evidência da eficácia do uso de corticoides tópicos (CCT) na redução da limitação da retratilidade do prepúcio em crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: Pesquisa efetuada nas bases de dados National Guideline Clearing House, Canadian Medical Association Pratice Guidelines Infobase, Cochrane Library, DARE, Bandolier, Evidence Based Medicine Online, Trip Database Online e Pubmed, utilizando os descritores “Phimosis and steroids”. Pesquisaram-se normas de orientação clínica (NOC), meta-análises, revisões sistemáticas e ensaios clínicos aleatorizados e controlados (ECAC), nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola. Foi usada a escala Levels of Evidence of Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. Resultados: Foram encontrados 148 artigos, dos quais 6 cumpriram os critérios de inclusão: 1 NOC e 5 ECAC. A orientação da Sociedade Europeia de Urologia Pediátrica publicada em 2013 recomenda o uso de CCT na fimose primária. Os ECAC incluíram no total 624 crianças e adolescentes entre os zero e os 15 anos. Foram testados diferentes CCT e esquemas terapêuticos. Verificou-se uma melhoria da retratilidade do prepúcio comparativamente com o placebo, com uma eficácia terapêutica dos CCT descrita entre 66% e 90%. Conclusão: Os estudos suportam a eficácia dos CCT no tratamento da fimose primária em crianças e adolescentes. No futuro é pertinente o desenho de estudos metodologicamente homogêneos e de maior dimensão para clarificar qual o melhor CCT e esquema terapêutico.
Consecutive Removal of Hazardous Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Composite hydrogels Based on Rice Straw
Authors: E.  Abdel-Aal Samia , A.  Mahmoud Ghada , Elbayaa A.A. , A.  Badway Nagwa , F. Ahmed Doaa
Published: October 2017

The composite hydrogels based on rice straw (RS) and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) or acrylamide (AAm) were successfully prepared by gamma irradiation. The effect of the radiation dose and the monomer content on the gel percent was studied. The composite hydrogels were confirmed by (FTIR), (TGA) and (SEM). It was found that the diffusion of water into the prepared composites was Fickian character. The removal of congo red (CR) and methyl orange (MO) dyes by (NVP/RS) and (AAm/RS) composite hydrogels were investigated as a function of the pH, contact time, initial dye concentration solution and temperature. It was achieved that the adsorption capacity of (NVP/RS) composite hydrogel towards (CR) and (MO) was higher than (AAm/RS) one. The kinetic data was tested by the pseudo-ﬁrst-order and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The adsorption isotherm was closely fitted with the Freundlich model for adsorption of CR and MO onto (NVP/RS) and the Langmuir model for adsorption of the dyes onto (AAm/RS). A high adsorption capacity was obtained in the second adsorption cycle of MO onto the composite hydrogels loaded with CR. Improvement in the adsorption of MO onto (NVP/RS) and (AAm/ RS) composite hydrogels loaded with Co(II).
Pawns in Their Game: Bob Dylan’s Celebrity Persona in Dont Look Back
Authors: Viser Victor
Published: October 2017

Documentary film craft in the mid-twentieth century, like many other arts at the time, evolved aesthetically around the notions of “truthfulness” and “honesty” in the depiction of their subjects. Simultaneous with these artistic innovations was the ascendency of a commercial popular culture industry that often appropriated aesthetic ideals of authenticity to construct celebrity narratives. This article examines the constructed celebrity persona of Bob Dylan in D.A. Pennebaker’s Americancinéma véritéproductionDont Look Back. Utilizing a critical theory approach based on the philosophy and political economy of celebrity aura, it addresses questions of directorial subjectivity, celebrity self-consciousness and the contemporaneous subject/audience interface within a larger discussion of the intentionality of celebrity construction as part and parcel of films and other media dedicated to documenting the rise of pop superstars. WhileDont Look Backattempts to reify Dylan as a rebellious voice speaking the social concerns of his audience, the film also testifies to the commodification of such stars by a 1960s corporate media machinery whose ultimate intentions were not necessarily so public-spirited.
L’ethnographie au service du discours cinématographique des prêtres-cinéastes, 1930-1960
Authors: Savard Pierre-André
Published: October 2017

En se penchant sur les films documentaires des prêtres-cinéastes entre 1930 et 1960, cet article montre d’abord que la collecte ethnographique caractérise les oeuvres des sept prêtres à l’étude et contribue à la cohérence de ce mouvement cinématographique. Ensuite, nous avançons que le cinéma permettait à l’ethnographie de jouer un plus grand rôle dans le discours clérical, car désormais traitée de manière ludique et distrayante. En dernière partie, cet article met en relief les liens étroits entre le régionalisme des prêtres-cinéastes et la collecte ethnographique. Alors que l’ethnographie des Canadiens français participe à l’exaltation d’un patriotisme régional, celui des pratiques culturelles autochtones conforte surtout une utopie de la nation canadienne-française.
Du jardin à l’assiette : aperçu d’une recherche sur le patrimoine culinaire des Augustines de Québec
Authors: Piché Geneviève
Published: October 2017

Jusque dans les années 2000, l’histoire de l’alimentation au Québec n’avait été que peu explorée, si ce n’est pour dresser l’inventaire des plats traditionnels et offrir des recettes au goût d’antan. En 2001, l’historien Bernard Audet initie de nouvelles recherches dans un champ historiographique encore relativement vierge, mais qui devient vite fructueux. Mis à part l’ouvrage de François Rousseau sur le régime des malades de l’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec (1983), les historiens sont cependant bien rares à s’intéresser aux pratiques culinaires des communautés religieuses, notamment hospitalières. Et pourtant, leurs archives regorgent de détails sur l’alimentation de la communauté, ainsi que sur celle des patients de l’hôpital. Afin de démystifier les origines de notre propre patrimoine culinaire, que peut-on tirer de leurs jardins, de leurs fermes et de leurs cuisines ? Cet article vise à faire le point sur un projet de recherche inédit, qui mènera à une publication future.
Into the fourth dimension
Authors: Des Marais David L
Published: October 2017

The influence of time on the drought response of Brassica rapa, an agriculturally important species of plant, has been clarified.
Accuracy of microbial community diversity estimated by closed- and open-reference OTUs
Authors: Edgar Robert C.
Published: October 2017

Next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA is widely used to survey microbial communities. Sequences are typically assigned to Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). Closed- and open-reference OTU assignment matches reads to a reference database at 97% identity (closed), then clusters unmatched reads using a de novo method (open). Implementations of these methods in the QIIME package were tested on several mock community datasets with 20 strains using different sequencing technologies and primers. Richness (number of reported OTUs) was often greatly exaggerated, with hundreds or thousands of OTUs generated on Illumina datasets. Between-sample diversity was also found to be highly exaggerated in many cases, with weighted Jaccard distances between identical mock samples often close to one, indicating very low similarity. Non-overlapping hyper-variable regions in 70% of species were assigned to different OTUs. On mock communities with Illumina V4 reads, 56% to 88% of predicted genus names were false positives. Biological inferences obtained using these methods are therefore not reliable.
Consumption plans for the rest of the night among Australian nightlife patrons
Authors: Curtis Ashlee , Coomber Kerri , Droste Nic , Hyder Shannon , Mayshak Richelle , Lam Tina , Gilmore William , Chikritzhs Tanya , Miller Peter G.
Published: October 2017

Curtis, A., Coomber, K., Droste, N., Hyder, S., Mayshak, R., Lam, T., Gilmore, W., Chikritzhs, T., & Miller, P. (2017). Consumption plans for the rest of the night among Australian nightlife patrons. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 6(1), 19-25. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v6i1.243Aims: This study investigates associations between blood alcohol content (BAC), gender, location, time of night, and intention to consume more alcohol, energy drinks, and illicit drugs following a street intercept interview.Design: Interviews were conducted from December 2011 to July 2012.Setting: Interviews were conducted in nightlife areas of Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, Wollongong, and Geelong, between 8 p.m. to 5 a.m.Participants: Data from 4,203 participants are utilized in the current paper.Measures: Participants were asked demographic questions, as well as questions about their intentions for the rest of the night (further alcohol, drug, and energy drink use), and completed a breathalyzer test.Findings: Over 70% of the nightlife patrons intended to consume more alcohol, and this was more likely for males, regional patrons, and those with a BAC of over 0.08 g/100 ml. Overall, intention to use drugs was consistent across BAC, location, and time of night, though males were significantly more likely than females to intend to consume drugs.Conclusions: Given the risky behaviors of the most intoxicated group out drinking late at night, interventions that target latenight drinking, high levels of intoxication, and high-risk drinkers are indicated.
Tissue Plasminogen Activator or Perfluoropropane for Submacular Hemorrhage in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Murphy George S. P. , Saleh Azahir , Ayis Salma , Cheema Muhammad Raza , Mehta Alex , Steel David H. , Membrey Luke , Costen Mark , Jackson Timothy L.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Evidence is limited to support therapies to treat submacular hemorrhage (SMH) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) as an adjunct to anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy (anti-VEGF).

Objective

To determine if intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) or gas improves visual acuity or promotes resolution of SMH secondary to neovascular AMD in eyes treated with ranibizumab.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a double-masked, sham-controlled, factorial randomized clinical trial and feasibility study that recruited participants from June 2014 to March 2019, with 12 months’ follow-up. Included in the trial were patients from 4 UK vitreoretinal units who had fovea-involving SMH of at least 1 disc area secondary to neovascular AMD and were evaluated within 14 days of onset.

Interventions

Study eyes received baseline ranibizumab and were then randomized 2:1:1:1 to 1 of 4 intravitreal treatments: sham injection, perfluoropropane (C3F8), TPA, or combined C3F8 and TPA (C3F8 + TPA). All eyes received monthly pro re nata ranibizumab therapy over 12 months. Outcome assessors were masked to intervention assignment.

Main Outcome and Measure

Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at month 3.

Results

Fifty-three of 56 participants (95%; mean [SD] age, 81.5 [8.1] years; 33 female [59%]) reached the primary end point. Study eyes were randomized to the following intravitreal treatments: sham injection (n = 23), C3F8 (n = 11), TPA (n = 11), or C3F8 + TPA (n = 11). On factorial analysis, the combined TPA groups had significantly better month 3 mean logMAR BCVA than those not receiving TPA: 0.66 vs 0.98 (μd = −0.32; 95% CI, −0.58 to −0.07; P = .02). There was no statistically significant difference comparing groups that did vs did not receive C3F8: 0.80 vs 0.90 (μd = −0.11; 95% CI, −0.37 to 0.16; P = .43). The combined TPA groups were less likely to have SMH present at month 1 (10 of 18 [55.6%] vs 21 of 24 [87.5%]; P = .03), a benefit not evident in the combined gas groups. The mean logMAR BCVA at 3 months was not significantly different between the groups: monotherapy control, 0.99; C3F8, 0.97 (vs control μd = −0.02; 95% CI, −0.48 to 0.44); TPA, 0.70 (vs control μd = −0.29; 95% CI, −0.79 to 0.21); combined C3F8 and TPA, 0.71 (vs control μd = −0.36; 95% CI, −0.82 to 0.11); P = .11. No safety differences were identified across the treatment groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this randomized clinical trial suggest that TPA may increase the chance of visual acuity gain when added to ranibizumab therapy for neovascular AMD in eyes with SMH, warranting consideration of additional clinical trials.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01835067
A primer of community ecology using the R language
Authors: Kadowaki Kohmei
Published: October 2024

Community ecology beginners often struggle to understand theories expressed in complex mathematical formulas and to master computer programming. To remedy this situation, this article provides a practical, R‐based introduction to community ecology by illustrating core concepts (vital rates, carrying capacity, density dependence) and models that can be used to explore the patterns of species abundance and diversity. The structure of this article consists of three modeling exercises, each asking a general question that can be answered by a combination of theory and R programming: (1) what determines the abundance of species, and what makes a population persist and go extinct?; (2) what determines the distribution of species and species diversity?; (3) what determines the relative abundance of species and what allows species to coexist? Through the exercises, I discuss the following five concepts and ideas that provide valuable insights into the questions: (i) the tragedy of the commons, (ii) the theory of island biogeography, (iii) competitive exclusion, (iv) the neutral theory of biodiversity, and (v) frequency dependence. These materials are thus designed to guide the reader in developing an intuition for ecological thinking that will help capture the essence of the global environmental and biodiversity crisis. Although this article does not delineate the scope and depth of the vast field of community ecology, I hope that it will motivate the reader to step up to a more formal introduction to community ecology.
The autophagy initiation factor ATG13mRNA is stabilized by the RNA‐binding protein YBX3
Authors: Pfuhler Liva , Awad Silina , Skipper William , Lavietes Jeremy , Sah Thomas , Ho Kayla , Ivanova Radha , Cooke Amy
Published: October 2024

Autophagy, a highly conserved form of cellular recycling, is essential for cellular homeostasis. Its dysregulation has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases and various cancers, including breast cancer. We set out to determine if the RNA‐binding protein (RBP) YBX3 regulates autophagy mRNAs, as previous findings suggest YBX3 depletion reduces distinct autophagy transcripts. We found that YBX3 interacts with and stabilizes the mRNA of the autophagy initiation factor ATG13 in HeLa, which in turn increases ATG13 protein expression. We have shown that this requires the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of ATG13 and occurs in other human cell lines, including HEK293, HepG2, and HCT116. Together, our data suggest a novel regulatory role for YBX3 of autophagy initiation through posttranscriptional control of ATG13 mRNA stability.
Resolution‐Dependent State Estimation for a Class of Nonlinear Coupled Complex Networks With Stochastic Communication and Correlated Noises
Authors: Chen Cai , Yue Bowen , Jia Chaoqing
Published: October 2024

This article proposes the design of the resolution‐dependent variance‐constrained state estimation (RDVCSE) algorithm for a class of time‐varying nonlinear coupled complex networks (TVNCCNs) with stochastic communication and correlated noises. Specifically, a continuous‐differentiable nonlinear function with bounded first partial derivative is considered during the exchange among different coupled units and a resolution‐limited model is taken into account to embody the limited data‐processing capabilities of sensors. In order to describe the principle of random allocation in engineering, a stochastic strategy is employed in the sensor/estimator shared channel. An augmented RDVCSE method is developed such that the error covariance upper bound of state estimation (ECUBSE) can be guaranteed and obtained first. Then, the estimator parameter can be concretized via optimizing the trace of ECUBSE. In addition, a sufficient criterion is provided to verify the uniform boundedness of the presented RDVCSE algorithm. Finally, a comparative simulation is carried out to illustrate the validity of the introduced RDVCSE algorithm.
Implantable Intraocular Fluorescence Sensor for Visualized Monitoring of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Lim Jaewook , Lee Hyo , Kim Jiwon , Moon Chae‐Eun , Lee Jun‐Ki , Kang Yujin , Kim Ryunhyung , Mun Byeonggeol , Ji Yong Woo , Haam Seungjoo
Published: October 2024

With an increase in the older individuals, the global incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasing. Early diagnosis of AD necessitates long‐term monitoring; however, conventional diagnostic methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are unsuitable for frequent use because of infrastructure limitations. The eye, connected to the brain via the optic nerve, offers a potential window for monitoring neurodegenerative diseases. This study presents a novel system for continuous intraocular monitoring using a fluorescent aptamer‐conjugated intraocular lens (FAIOL). FAIOL emits fluorescent signals in the presence of beta‐secretase‐1 (BACE1), an enzyme associated with amyloid beta 1–42 production. These signals can be analyzed using mobile phone applications. In vitro, experiments demonstrates that FAIOL responded to BACE1 by detecting low concentrations of the target molecule over extended periods. Ex vivo tests using porcine eyeballs shows an increase in the fluorescence signal intensity by more than 8% within 5 h in the presence of BACE1. The integrated image analysis program reduces sensor noise and provides numerical signal values, facilitating a straightforward interpretation. FAIOL holds significant potential as an innovative platform for the early diagnosis and long‐term monitoring of AD and promises improved patient outcomes through timely intervention and ongoing surveillance.