bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cholinergic Deep Brain Stimulation for Memory and Cognitive Disorders
Authors: Subramaniam Saravanan , Blake David T. , Constantinidis Christos
Published: July 2021

Memory and cognitive impairment as sequelae of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and age-related dementia are major health issues with increasing social and economic burden. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a potential treatment to slow or halt progression of the disease state. The selection of stimulation target is critical, and structures that have been targeted for memory and cognitive enhancement include the Papez circuit, structures projecting to the frontal lobe such as the ventral internal capsule, and the cholinergic forebrain. Recent human clinical and animal model results imply that DBS of the nucleus basalis of Meynert can induce a therapeutic modulation of neuronal activity. Benefits include enhanced activity across the cortical mantle, and potential for amelioration of neuropathological mechanisms associated with Alzheimer’s disease. The choice of stimulation parameters is also critical. High-frequency, continuous stimulation is used for movement disorders as a way of inhibiting their output; however, no overexcitation has been hypothesized in Alzheimer’s disease and lower stimulation frequency or intermittent patterns of stimulation (periods of stimulation interleaved with periods of no stimulation) are likely to be more effective for stimulation of the cholinergic forebrain. Efficacy and long-term tolerance in human patients remain open questions, though the cumulative experience gained by DBS for movement disorders provides assurance for the safety of the procedure.
Bim Expression in Peritumoral Lymphocytes is Associated with Survival in Patients with Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bhindi Bimal , Bearrick Elizabeth N. , Cheville John C. , Lohse Christine M. , Mason Ross J. , Shah Paras , Harrington Susan , Zhang Henan , Dong Haidong , Boorjian Stephen A. , Thompson R. Houston , Leibovich Bradley C.
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND:

Bim (BCL-2-interacting mediator of cell death) is a downstream pro-apoptotic signaling molecule activated by the PD-1 pathway.

OBJECTIVE:

We sought to determine if Bim expression in peritumoral T-lymphocytes (PTLs) is associated with survival in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).

METHODS:

Immunohistochemistry staining for Bim was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor tissue blocks from patients with metastatic ccRCC who underwent nephrectomy between 1990-2004. Associations of Bim expression with cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) from date of metastasis were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression models, adjusting for age, sex, and metastases-score.

RESULTS:

525 patients with metastatic ccRCC, of whom 169 (32%) had metastases at time of nephrectomy were studied. After multivariable adjustment, high Bim expression remained associated with worse CSS (HR = 1.31; 95% CI 1.07–1.59; p = 0.008) and OS (HR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.06–1.55; p = 0.01). The interaction between Bim and PD-L1 was not statistically significant for CSS ( p = 0.68) or OS ( p = 0.57), suggesting that the associations between Bim and survival outcomes were not significantly different based on tumor PD-L1 expression.

CONCLUSION:

High Bim expression in PTLs at nephrectomy is prognostic of worse CSS and OS in patients with metastatic ccRCC, irrespective of tumor PD-L1 expression. The role of earlier PD-1/PD-L1-directed therapy warrants evaluation in these patients.
Multiple synostoses syndrome: Radiological findings and orthopedic management in a single institution cohort
Authors: De Tienda Marine , Bouthors Charlie , Pejin Zagorha , Glorion Christophe , Wicart Philippe
Published: July 2021

PURPOSE: Multiple synostoses syndrome (MSS) is a rare genetic condition. Classical features consist of joint fusions which notably start at the distal phalanx of the hands and feet with symphalangism progressing proximally to carpal, tarsal, radio-ulnar, and radio-humeral joints, as well as the spine. Usually, genetic testing reveals a mutation of the NOG gene with variable expressivity. The goal was to present the anatomical, functional, and radiological presentations of MSS in a series of patients followed since childhood. METHODS: Patients with more than 3 synostoses affecting at least one hand joint were included. When possible, genetic screening was offered. RESULTS: A retrospective study was performed from 1972 to 2017 and included 14 patients with a mean follow-up of 18.6 years. Mutation of the NOG protein coding gene was seen in 3 patients. All presented with tarsal synostoses including 9 carpal, 7 elbow, and 2 vertebral fusions. Facial dysmorphia was seen in 6 patients and 3 were hearing-impaired. Surgical treatment of tarsal synostosis was performed in 4 patients. Progressing joint fusions were invariably seen on x-rays amongst adults. CONCLUSION: Long radiological follow-up allowed the assessment of MSS progression. Feet deformities resulted in a severe impact on quality of life, and neurological complications secondary to spine fusions warranted performing at least one imaging study in childhood. As there is no treatment of ankylosis, physiotherapy is not recommended. However, surgical arthrodesis for the treatment of pain may have reasonable outcomes.
Teaching national accounts – In-house, outside, and online
Authors: Soinne Katri
Published: July 2021

The national statistical institution of Finland (Statistics Finland) not only collects, processes, and publishes data, but also bears the responsibility for advising and training users of the service it provides. There are various training possibilities available, and many are used for teaching national accounts. Statistics Finland has offered courses for data users, school visits, university courses, and material on Internet pages. International courses as well as internal training have been provided. Technological change brings new possibilities for training and we need to consider the best options for different situations. The feedback received from earlier training is important for development.
Training official statisticians for adaptive statistical practice
Authors: Damouras Sotirios , Gibbs Alison , MacFeely Steve
Published: July 2021

Statistics is undergoing what feels like an evolutionary jump, i.e., a period of rapid and sweeping developments brought about by dramatic shifts in its environment. The repercussions are felt strongly by official statistics, which operates at the forefront of societal and economic change. In this paper, we look at the implications of the recent developments for the training of official statisticians and highlight key knowledge areas for successfully navigating the emerging landscape. In addition, we employ the concept of adaptive expertise to help us identify three qualities that support the independent and lifelong development of practicing statisticians, and propose five teaching strategies for fostering these qualities in the classroom.
Strengthening the competencies of policy makers for better use of data in public policy design1
Authors: Proden Elena
Published: July 2021

Statistical literacy is one of the main areas of work of the Global Network of Institutions for Statistical Training (GIST) established in 2017. While the scope of statistical literacy initiatives will range greatly from those intended for school children and teachers to those aimed at media representatives or general public, one of the areas where a dedicated Task Team of the GIST set out to undertake a more detailed analysis was related to the core data competencies for policy makers. The adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals by UN member States has led to a growing awareness around the importance of timely, robust, quality and disaggregated data for informing public policies and decisions and providing a solid evidence to address a number of complex policy issues related to ensuring more equitable policy outcomes and more coherence decision-making across different dimensions of sustainable development and different levels of governance from global to national and local. This article presents the results of a survey conducted by the GIST Task Team on Statistical Literacy back in 2018 with the participation of policy makers from various UN Member States, reviews core data competencies for policy makers, presents the free, self-paced e-learning course developed by UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), UN Statistics Division and UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) with support from the Swiss Government and using UNITAR’s Quality Assurance Framework, and discusses the ongoing work of the GIST on the inventory of statistical literacy initiatives as a new product developed by the dedicated Task Team.
Developing three-phase modified bat algorithms to solve medical staff scheduling problems while considering minimal violations of preferences and mean workload
Authors: Chen Ping-Shun , Tsai Chia-Che , Dang Jr-Fong , Huang Wen-Tso
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: This research studies a medical staff scheduling problem, which includes government regulations and hospital regulations (hard constraints) and the medical staff’s preferences (soft constraints). OBJECTIVE: The objective function is to minimize the violations (or dissatisfaction) of medical staff’s preferences. METHODS: This study develops three variants of the three-phase modified bat algorithms (BAs), named BA1, BA2, and BA3, in order to satisfy the hard constraints, minimize the dissatisfaction of the medical staff and balance the workload of the medical staff. To ensure workload balance, this study balances the workload among medical staff without increasing the objective function values. RESULTS: Based on the numerical results, the BA3 outperforms the BA1, BA2, and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The robustness of the BA1, BA2, and BA3 is verified. Finally, conclusions are drawn, and directions for future research are highlighted. CONCLUSIONS: The framework of this research can be used as a reference for other hospitals seeking to determine their future medical staff schedule.
Reduced care burden and improved quality of life in African American family caregivers: Positive impact of personalized assistive technology
Authors: Parker Monica W. , Davis Crystal , White Kaylin , Johnson Devon , Golden Matt , Zola Stuart
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND: African Americans living with dementia are considered less likely to seek formal institutionalized elder care and more likely to be managed in the home by family-member caregivers. Assistive technologies (the use of smart visual devices like tablets and phones) can be used effectively to guide memory-impaired individuals with a sequence of pictures showing steps to complete activities of daily living, e.g., bathing, toileting, dressing. Assistive technology so far has not been generally embraced in African American communities. OBJECTIVES: Determine, if African American family caregivers, given the opportunity, would embrace the use of assistive technology and if they would perceive its use beneficial. METHODS: We assessed a group of eight family caregivers’ overall care-burden scores, and their user-satisfaction scores after using assistive technology for three months. RESULTS: We found significant reduction in caregiver burden, positive changes in behavior and emotion scores, and high ratings on user satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reported here comprise the first systematic study of the use of assistive technology by caregivers in an underserved population. They set the stage for exploring meaningful strategies and variables that will better engage underserved populations to take advantage of assistive technologies available in healthcare.
REGARDING THE INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE DOMESTIC SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Serhieieva Olena R. , Orlova Viktoriia M. ,   Alfred Nobel University, Kuzmenko Oksana V. ,   Alfred Nobel University
Published: July 2021

The essence of small and medium business in Ukraine is investigated. It is established that small and medium enterprises are a key element of a market economy, which affects the level of development of society and guarantees its stability. It is estimated that more than 6.9 million people, or about 82% of all employees, operate in the SME sector. SMEs account for more than 70% of employment in the trade, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and information services sectors. Innovation has been shown to play an increasingly important role, and small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are seen in such an environment as an efficient market player capable of creating competitive ideas and commercializing innovation. It is determined that innovations are an integral component of modern corporate strategies and can be used to develop and implement more efficient production processes, as well as increase market performance or create a positive image and reputation of the company from the consumer’s point of view. It is proved that the level of innovation of enterprises depends on its size. The development and implementation of innovations should be guaranteed by qualified personnel in the field of innovative research. However, given the decline of the national economy, insufficient state support for the financing of scientific and technical programs, the innovative activity of large enterprises is extremely limited. 56.8% of innovative SMEs are involved in industry, others in services. It was found that 82.2% of enterprises do not want to innovate, and the objective reason for this is low demand in the innovation market, previously introduced innovations, extremely low competition in the market, lack of effective ideas or opportunities to innovate. It is proved that in order to improve the innovation activity of small and medium enterprises in Ukraine important steps are: implementation of specialized programs of innovative development, creation of innovation infrastructure, establishment of close cooperation between scientific institutions and enterprises based on commercialization principles, development and implementation of effective algorithm.
THE USE OF POTENTIAL OF HEDGE FUNDS FOR UKRAINIAN INVESTORS
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Shkura Iryna S. , Vinichenko Olena M. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Hrybkova Mariia A. ,   Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich
Published: July 2021

Studies show that the world of finance is not standing still; new methods and tools of attracting and using financial capital are constantly appearing. This, in turn, allows you to implement modern, more complex, strategies for managing profitability and risk of financial transactions. One such tool is hedge funds, which today are the most objective indicators of the development of the global financial system. This is due to the fact that they not only use modern financial technologies to make a profit, but also adapt all their actions to any changes in the world economy and international finance, and sometimes, as practice shows, shape these changes. That is why this investment instrument is one of the most popular in the European and American markets. Their high flexibility attracts the most talented financial managers to hedge funds, who are able to demonstrate impressive long-term results. The purpose of the article is development of an international investment project «Creating a hedge fund with Ukrainian investments» and evaluating its effectiveness. Hedge funds are a specific class of alternative investment funds that use modern capital management strategies, which are not available to «traditional» funds, have the right to invest their participants in any assets, use a hedging strategy for capital management, i.e. simultaneous purchase and sale of assets, trading in various instruments. This is the fastest growing segment of the financial market. The specifics of their activities allow hedge funds to make a profit even during periods of falling stock and bond markets. Hedge funds focus on the maximum return in terms of optimal (specified) risk or the minimum risk in terms of optimal return. Recently, complex algorithms and analytical methods have been developed to attract artificial intelligence for creating profit. Hedge funds are of special interest to Ukraine, but, unfortunately, have not yet appeared in our country. The lack of hedge funds in Ukraine is explained by the lack of necessary laws to regulate the derivatives market; insufficiently active stock market; psychological unpreparedness of domestic investors for possible high risks; lack of qualified specialists. It is proposed to turn to foreign experience and attract the organizational tools that are available today. Namely, to open hedge funds under the jurisdiction of offshore countries and with the involvement of outsourcing for their management and operation. It proposed the creation of a closed, unregulated, discrete hedge fund. The completed calculations of the project for a period of five years demonstrated its feasibility with a positive value of net present value, a discounted payback period of four years and a profitability index of more than one unit.
MODERN DIGITAL MARKETING TRENDS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE MARKETING STRATEGY FORMATION
Authors:   Kremenchuk Institute of Alfred Nobel University, Hnoievyi Valentyn H. , Koren Oleksandr M. ,   Kremenchuk Institute of Alfred Nobel University
Published: July 2021

The article has dealt with the current trends of communication aspects of company’s relations with the customers. The emphasis is placed on the necessity to review the companies’ marketing strategies, in particular, due to communication constraints and the corresponding changes in the format of both direct and feedback with the customers. Restrictive measures have changed the format of competition, having created the conditions for its concentration in cyberspace. Changes in the nature of interpersonal communication predetermined by the limited personal activity and the introduction of remote forms of interaction, have generated demand for innovative ways of communication with customers. Other factors that require the adjustment of marketing strategies include the emergence of new behavioral capabilities of consumers associated with the intensive development of digital communication channels. It has been noted that in the digital communication environment, digital platforms provide the main format of communication with the existing customer base and potential customers. In addition, prompt acquisition and processing of data on purchasing behavior of customers allows companies to increase significantly the “sensitivity” of marketing research and optimize their own marketing decisions. Among the areas of increasing targeting and personalization of product offerings, the use of elements of artificial intelligence and voice search has been accentuated. Moreover, the use of artificial intelligence greatly facilitates and simplifies the work of marketers on the processing and initial analysis of the growing flow of digital marketing data, as well as provides greater efficiency. It has been concluded that widespread use of voice assistants in e-commerce requires companies to rethink radically their approaches to internal data processing, IT investment and customer engagement strategies. Active integration of chatbots into various communication platforms is able to make them universal tools for both business and consumers, which will allow them to become a familiar part of the user experience. Implementation of virtual reality and augmented reality elements in the interface of company websites can significantly diversify the process of collecting information by users and push them to unplanned purchases. It has been indicated that the growing standards of personalization and new rules of customer confidentiality will continue to require companies to be flexible and introduce new technologies in order to adapt permanently their business to new conditions. Focusing on building trust with customers based on digital communications will enable companies to create a long-term integrated marketing strategy and concentrate on the multi-channel nature of customer experience.
INTERNATIONAL RATINGS AND VOLUMES OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDICATORS
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Kuzminov Sergii V. , Нerashchenko Svitlana O. ,   Dnipro University of Technology
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the values of major international rankings and the volume of foreign direct investment for 20 leading countries in involvement FDI. The following rankings were examined: the index of ease of doing business, international and global ratings of competitiveness, the index of economic freedom, tolerance for corruption. Analysis of the places occupied by Ukraine in the relevant rankings. The statistical processing of information on 20 leading countries in terms of foreign direct investment and the corresponding place of these countries in the main international rankings, the use of the correlation method to identify the relationship between these indicators, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparing the level of foreign direct investment with the corresponding values of known international indices. In addition, countries were classified into three different groups depending on the relationship between the values of the main international ratings and of foreign direct investment. Another research method was the abstract-logical method to find new additional factors that determine the investment attractiveness of countries. The analysis of the relationship between the inflow of foreign direct investment and the corresponding place of the studied countries in the main international rankings did not show a significant dependence. At the same time, it was found that a number of countries that hold leading positions in attracting the highest volumes of foreign direct investment have correspondingly high-ranking positions in international indices. However, this sample of countries turned out to be the smallest. The largest number was the sample of countries, it was half of the list of countries for which there is no correlation between the volume of foreign direct investment and the rating values in major international indices. The analysis showed a fairly close relationship between the volume of foreign direct investment, on the one hand, and the size of the country, which is characterized by GDP and population, on the other hand. However, in our opinion, international ratings should not be ignored in general: achieving high places in international rankings to some extent forms a positive investment image of the country, and ignoring the results of ratings can lead to financial isolation of the country. At the same time, the study of new factors that cause the desire to make foreign direct investment in a country is a very interesting object of further research.
TECHNIQUE APPROACHES IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TO STUDENTS OF ECONOMICS
Authors:   Mykhailo Tuhan-Baranovskyi Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade, Kuts Mariia O.
Published: July 2021

The article reveals the problem of increasing the efficiency of teaching foreign languages to students of non-linguistic specialties by means of introducing a system of pedagogical teaching technologies into the educational process. It has been determined that pedagogical technologies of teaching are such pedagogical technologies, which are based on modern positions of professional development of a person and aimed at achieving educational goals. In the process of learning foreign languages, they are a way of a phased system of organization of the communicative interaction between a teacher and a student in the conditions of operative feedback between them through the use of specific methods, forms and means of learning. It has been found that the leading class of pedagogical technologies for teaching foreign languages is a communicatively oriented technique – a project technique and an appropriate system of its successive and phased implementation, in which learning emerges as a model of real-world foreign communication. The article provides a classification of pedagogical techniques for teaching foreign languages to students of the economic area of expertise, which can contribute to their more systematic use to improve the efficiency of the educational process in higher education institutions. Among the subspecies of communicative oriented techniques of teaching foreign languages to students of economic specialties the following subcategories have been identified: subjects of educational process management – techniques of teaching, learning, partnership interaction and instrumental techniques; the place in the organization of the educational process – the technique of in-class, out-of-class and independent activities; according to the methodological approach – technique-modernization and technique-transformation and in the terms of implementation – meta-techniques, branch macro techniques, modular-local and micro techniques. The author sees the directions for further research in the development of tools for the implementation of the above techniques in accordance with the characteristics of the professional training of students of economic area of expertise.
FORMATION OF EDUCATIONAL PARTICIPANTS’ READINESS TO MANAGE INNOVATIVE PROCESSES AT GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS AS A PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM: THEORETICAL OVERVIEW
Authors:   Alfred Nobel University, Nadtochii Svitlana M.
Published: July 2021

The article focuses on the need to introduce pedagogical innovations in the school educational process. A reason has been established for the insufficient level of psychological readiness of teachers to use innovation in the school informational and educational environment. A definitional analysis of the concepts of «informational and educational environment», «innovation activity», «readiness for innovation» was imlemented. Comparative characteristics of traditional and innovative educational models are given. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, we proposed our own interpretation of the phenomenon of teacher’s readiness for innovation. The main directions of innovative activity of the teacher are defined: innovations in education, education, management, retraining of personnel. The need to have certain abilities that contribute to the formation of the readiness of teachers of the institution of general secondary education to innovate within the framework of the competentcy approach was noted. It is stated that the management of innovation activities in general secondary education institutions is a targeted activity of management entities at various levels. The functions of the informational-educational environment are disclosed in order to implement the requirements of educational standards. It was noted that the strategic task of developing school education in modern conditions is to update the content, forms and methods, achieve a new quality of its results. It is emphasized that the main factors affecting the development of education in modern conditions are the appeal to the personality of students and the consideration of the individual trajectory of the development of their competencies. An attempt was made to identify factors that contribute to the effective formation of the readiness of educational participants to manage innovative processes in school. We consider the teacher's readiness for innovative activity as a complex personal and professional education of teachers, determining their focus on the development of their own professional activity, the activity and independence of assimilation, creative implementation, the creation of new ways, techniques of pedagogical work that have an innovative orientation.
CONTENT AND STRUCTURE OF THE AUTHOR’S DISCIPLINE “TECHNIQUES OF PEDAGOGICAL MANAGEMENT”
Authors:   Mukachevo State University, Shvardak Marianna V.
Published: July 2021

It was found that techniques today is the key to effective management of educational institutions in general and teachers in particular. It determines the search for those management tools that can be used effectively in the pedagogical process. The technicalization of pedagogical management contributes to its rationalization, eliminates those actions of the superior and specialists that are not necessary to achieve the expected result of management, formalizes the implementation of management functions. The article reveals the specifics of studying the author’s discipline «Techniques of pedagogical management», which is taught to applicants of the second (master’s) level of higher education specialty 011 «Educational, pedagogical sciences» (specialization «Management of educational institutions») at Mukachevo State University. This discipline is aimed at the holistic formation of the readiness of a future leader to apply the techniques of pedagogical management in a general secondary education institution. The scope of the discipline, subject, purpose, tasks, interdisciplinary connections are determined; the system of knowledge, skills, general and professional competencies. The system of professionally important competencies on which this discipline is focused is also defined: the ability to unite the teaching staff, to turn it into a team of like-minded people; to develop leadership, unconsciously evoke feelings of admiration and respect in teachers, students, their parents, etc.; monitoring the educational activities of general secondary education institutions; strategic planning of educational institution development; delegation of powers; making management decisions, willingness to take due responsibility for them; establishing a favorable positive atmosphere in the team; effective communication with participants in the educational process of general secondary education; rational use of working time; management of the institution by means of cloud technologies; effective use of marketing communication tools, etc. The expected training results of future managers are determined. The structure of the discipline is given: content modules, and topics. The main methods of training and control of applicants’ knowledge are also identified. The specifics of studying the theoretical and practical material of the discipline are outlined.
WORKING WITH GIFTED CHILDREN IN CHINA: SCIENTIFIC EXPLORATION AND THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES
Authors:   H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Naumenko Stanislav S.
Published: July 2021

Today in China there are two main philosophical positions on the education and upbringing of gifted and talented people: one position emphasizes the importance of natural abilities and talents, the other - emphasizes the idea that the talent of every child can be brought up and developed. Although gifted children education in China has been evolving for more than three decades, there is still no law governing working with them. Special programs for gifted children exist in only a few schools in economically developed areas. China does not have a clear national and regional policy to support education for the gifted. On the basis of psychological research and educational practice, a procedure and methodology for identifying and selecting gifted children has been developed, which is based on several key aspects: priority is given to high academic performance, general intellectual abilities, personal qualities, level of motivation, creativity. The curriculum for gifted students is usually formed on the approach of «accelerated learning», which involves mastering the content of learning in a shorter period of time, compared to the traditional program. Gifted children graduate four to five years earlier. Several educational institutions offer «enrichment» programs, which provide in-depth study of individual subjects in accordance with the abilities and needs of a child. China is actively conducting research in the field of giftedness and talent, which involves the implementation of two approaches: a psychological approach that supports the natural development of children; an educational approach that takes into account the special needs of gifted students and offers them appropriate educational programs and services. Most research is based on a psychological approach, so in educational practice there are not enough illustrations to formulate the results of programs for the development of gifted and talented people. It is very important for Chinese scientists to identify and solve practical problems that usually arise in China. The psychological and pedagogical theory of teaching and upbringing of gifted children is actively developing, which, taking into account Confucian traditions, emphasizes the role of personal efforts and social influence in achieving academic success. The implementation of talent development programs for overall academic achievement has shown high performance by Chinese students in several international competency assessments, such as PISA and TIMMS, and many graduates have excelled in academic, technical and professional fields, both in China and abroad.
SENSUAL VARIETY OF TOPONYMS IN THE AZERBAIJANI AND ENGLISH LITERAry s
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Ganiyeva Irada Y.
Published: July 2021

To create figurativeness in literary style such semantic means of expression as synonyms, antonyms and homonyms are widely used. In the Azerbaijani and English literary texts the semantic meaning of toponyms is expressed in two ways: by using their paraphrased equivalents and by using their new and archaic forms. The synonymous toponyms in literature are used to avoid repetition of one and the same word and give the reader certain information about the toponym. If it is necessary to give imagery in the artistic style, in addition to the semantic shades of toponyms, various phonetic, grammatical and lexical means are also used. Of course, this stylistic event does not happen by itself. This is what arises from the differences in the approaches of writers and poets to words, or rather, toponyms. Apparently, in both the Azerbaijani and English literary style, writers could not but take into account the communicativeness created by the lexical meaning of toponyms as units of language, and the stylistic nuances expressed by their internal semantics. The relevance of this article is defined by the comparative analysis of the semantic meaning of place names on the basis of concrete material of the two languages of different systems (Azerbaijani and English). The aim of the research is to define the semantic means of expression of the place names used within the literary text. The subject of the research is to analyze the function of the place names in the literary texts of the two languages of different systems. The object of the research is the real and fictitious place names used by the Azerbaijani and English writers. In the work the complex technique of investigation is applied and such methods as descriptive, comparative, contextual, stylistic, etc. are used. The Azerbaijani and English literary texts and also scientific literature on onomastic, stylistics and lexicology have been the sources of the research. The results of the work can be applied when teaching special courses, holding seminars, writing research papers and dissertations.
THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION AND THE PROBLEM OF THE NATIONAL CHARACTER IN THE �EAST � WEST� CONTEXT (on the example of modern Turkish and Azerbaijani stories)
Authors:   Institute of Literature named after Nizami Ganjavi, Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, Shafizadeh Sima T.
Published: July 2021

The factor of national identity, which is the complete opposite of globalization, manifests itself in various spheres of human activity such as politics, public life, literature, and various fields of art. Today, national identity is being fought both at the individual and social levels. Globalist theory and globalist thinking in the twentieth century led to fundamental changes in the life of society. In particular, with the globalization of cultures, a synthesis of world cultural values is observed, the process of the emergence of new ones is underway. The development of this diversity in unity is the only possible historical, philosophical and political paradigm of globalization. The problem of national identity is becoming more and more relevant in the struggle between the West and the East. The article deals with the influence of traditions and the theory of global thought on the essence of the national literatures of Azerbaijan and Turkey. The methods of analysis are associated with a conceptual approach to the general directions of literary trends in the modern artistic word. In particular, these are historicalliterary, cultural-historical, comparative and typological research methods. This influence manifested itself through literary movements (modernism, postmodernism, existentialism, feminism), various styles and images oriented towards the West. The negative aspects of globalization tear the artistic image away from ethnic roots, national identity, national and moral values, a person remains alone with his problems, searches for and finds himself in the global world. In Azerbaijani literature, this process is often called �existentialism�, and in Turkish literature �varolusculuk ak?m?�, it is also called �literature of alienation�. In the literature, globalist writers are united by the following features: to keep up with this trend; to join this trend in accordance with the requirements and influences of innovative trends, as opposed to traditionalism; to be a supporter of the ideology of �common cultural values� of globalism with �world man�, �world home�, �secular thought�, �secular thought�, �secular art style�. The world in which a person lives is changing, chaos is formed in the human brain, and the hero in the spiritual world goes in search of truth. In many cases, when this is not achieved, he considers himself small, useless, powerless, helpless in the global world, prone to asceticism, alienation, the feeling of nearness of death becomes normal for him, and he is faced with psychological trauma. This not only alienates a person from national identity, national character, national moral self-awareness, but, as already noted, creates a number of psychological and moral problems.
MILITARY DARK HUMOR AS A FORM OF ADAPTIVE PROCESSES AND THE INDIVIDUAL�S RESPONSE TO FEAR OF DEATH (PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ASPECT)
Authors:   Military Institute of Telecommunications and Information Technologies named after Heroes of Kruty, Khraban Tetyana Ye.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the article is to examine military black humor as a form of adaptive processes and the individual�s response to the fear of death in the system of psychological defense mechanisms and coping strategies. A more complete results in this study can be gotten through the integration of discourse analysis and psychoanalytic interpretation. Discourse analysis has the most empirically oriented approach and allows to focus on extensive psychological issues such as cognition, emotions, attitudes, values, prejudices, memory, motives. Psychoanalytic interpretation focuses on the symbolism of the unconscious, universal meanings and psychological mechanisms that are important material to analyze totality of derived psychological meanings present in dark humor patterns. The material for this empirical, inductive study is text fragments, memes and photographs, which are posted on the website of �Military service� Ukrainian group. Results and discussions. One of the thematic dominants of military dark humor is the threat to life and fear of it. The fear of death itself is one of the human existence conditions. Such amount of fear fits into bounds of what most humans can psychologically tolerate that does not destroy or paralyze activity. In order to protect his psyche from the destructive effects of traumatic situation during which the norms of fear exceed the standards, a military man often seeks to restore the functional state of his body and reduce emotional stress. Considering this perspective as a pragmatic aspect of humor it can be argued that the creation of the game reality of death in dark humor depends, first of all, on those coping strategies and psychological defense mechanisms, which are most appropriate for a person�s psyche. According to the terror management theory an individual uses certain coping strategies and defense mechanisms depending on whether or not he is aware of the inevitability of death. Analysis of the dark humor patterns created by the Ukrainian military and actualizing the theme of death and everything associated with it make it possible to outline the following range of adaptive mechanisms ranked in a descending order according to their relative importance in the total sample: �Desacralization�, �Regression�, �Desensitization�, �Positive re-evaluation�, �Displacement�, �Sublimation�, �Denial�. Conclusions. Being natural human emotion fear of death during combat activates defense mechanisms and coping strategies. The study of the projection of these occurrences in dark humor have made it possible to conclude that the military dark humor is the result of frustrating life experiences and aimed to reduce sensitivity to fears and improve their psychological state. This is achieved owing to changing the modal evaluation and the capability to be emotionally withdrawn.
INFORMATION AND LEGAL MODEL OF ENSURING ANTI-TERRORISTIC SECURITY IN PLACES OF COMPACT RESIDENCE OF PEOPLE
Authors:   National Academy of Security Service of Ukraine, Komisarov Olexander G.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of ensuring anti-terrorist safety in places of compact residence of people. It is emphasized that the concept of �accommodation�, in the widest sense, covers a number of social processes, each of which, to a certain extent, includes aspects of the provision of anti-terrorist security and organization for this purpose by electronic information interaction of subjects of struggle with terrorism within the state electronic information Resources included in the National Register of Electronic Information Resources. A look at the system for ensuring anti-terrorist safety in places of compact residence of people consisting of static and dynamic subsystems. It is concluded that in the informational and legal sense, the static support of anti-terrorist safety in places of compact accommodation is carried out within the limits of procedures due to: �Accession of the home address� to the territorial community; formation and maintenance of the Register of the Territorial Community; Exchange of information from the registrations of other territorial communities (in accordance with the requirements of the provision of information registration bodies to a single state demographic registry); Inclusion of formed information resources to the National Register of Electronic Information Resources. The conceptual principles of information and legal model for ensuring anti-terrorist security in places of compact residence of people are offered. It is generalized that any anti-terrorist activity in compact accommodation is dependent on the interpretation of the category �Family�, which, in turn, allows you to consider as the main task of ensuring anti-terrorist safety in the places of residence of the person of the transformation of �Family� and social Relations that are available within it, on the source of anti-terrorist safety, including owing to the transformation of the �family� in the environment of information and explanatory work in the field of combating terrorism. Within the general conclusion, an information resource base for ensuring anti-terrorist safety in places of compact residence of people, which consists of information about: 1) the ignition of national, racial or religious hostility, hatred, prize to the commission of terrorist acts, actions that threaten public order, as well as materials promoting racial, national or religious intolerance, discrimination transmitted at its boundaries; 2) illegal behavior of family members transmitted over its boundaries; 3) the rules of the behavior of family members received by third parties by analyzing relations in the family
Legal support of Ukraine in the context of attracting capital by banks in international m
Authors:   Kherson State University, Volkovych Olena Yu.
Published: July 2021

The article provides a theoretical and legal analysis of the legal support of Ukraine in the context of raising capital by banks in international markets. The author determined that the economic crisis in the country is protracted, the capital market in Ukraine remains largely underdeveloped. The state has taken many steps to overcome the economic crisis, identified priority measures, strategic steps to build a sustainable economy, in particular, many efforts have been made to find free funds to attract investment, but this, as practice shows, was not enough. An important step in building a free and competitive state was the adoption of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Community. This document is the largest international legal document in the history of Ukraine and the largest international agreement with a third country ever concluded by the European Union. In accordance with the Program of Integration of Ukraine into the European Union (hereinafter - the Program), approved by the Decree of the President of Ukraine � 1072/2000 of 14.09.2000. Synchronization of internal market transformations of changes in the processes of EU enlargement. First of all, it concerns: reform of executive and judicial bodies and cooperation of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine with courts; administrative and territorial reform; formation of the foundations of regional development policy (including legislation on the distribution of competencies, budgets, taxes); completion of privatization (primarily enterprises of strategic importance for the economy and security of the state and banks); reforming the banking sector as a whole. Thus, in particular, a developed capital market is usually seen as a competitor in the commercial banking sector, as they compete for retention and investment opportunities. However, in today�s financial system, there are complementary relationships between the capital market and banks, as they choose different segments of the financial markets and focus on different types of customers. In the process of writing the article came to the following conclusions. The right direction in the reform of the economic sector is to determine the measures of state investment support should be preceded by a detailed analysis of the effect of the benefits and preferences previously granted to economic entities. Establish the legislative level the provision that the minimum amount of public investment should be equal to the amount of all new debt, i.e., the amount of borrowings during the year may not exceed the amount of budget expenditures to finance investments. Introduce the practice of developing and implementing investment incentive packages. Introduce a practice in which the decision on new borrowings is preceded by public information on which projects have already been used to finance the funds and for which purposes (projects) new borrowings are envisaged. Establish strict control over debt activities.