bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beautiful Ruin: Creating Healthfields
Authors: Berman Laurel
Published: September 2021

Multiple programs promote redevelopment of land reuse sites, which are environmentally impacted or potentially contaminated sites. Historically, such programs have focused primarily on economic development. However, public health is an important consideration to address not only sustainable redevelopment but also health inequity and disparities. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry’s (ATSDR) Land Reuse Health Program is a special program to promote broad public health improvements through safe land reuse and redevelopment. Land reuse sites are virtually in every community in the U.S. and are a global problem. Brownfields are the greatest number of land reuse sites. With estimates of over 450,000 land reuse sites across the U.S., most communities suffer the burden of blight and contamination associated with these sites. ATSDR promotes and practices Healthfields Redevelopment: The safe reuse of environmentally distressed land to reduce exposures to contaminants and to improve overall health in the community. In this chapter, I highlight Navajo Nation Healthfields activities using ATSDR’s 5-step Land Reuse Strategy to Safely Reuse Land and Improve Health (5-step Land Reuse Model) and describe some of ATSDR’s Healthfields projects and related tools and resources for communities to create their own Healthfields practice.
Psychological Factors as Predictor of Sport Participation among Japanese and Foreign Students in Sendai, Japan
Authors: Abimibayo Adeoya Akindele , Olugbemiga Adeleye Adewale , Egawa Shinichi
Published: September 2021

Sports play a functional role in human development. Regular sport participation has beneficial effects on physical, psychological and social wellbeing. It has positive effects on prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases, physical appearance, enhance self-concept and external prestige, lower rates of suicidal ideation, reduce use of fossil fuels, and substantially increase life expectancy. The advent and excessive use of technology, academic workload coupled with the incidence of COVID-19, students become content with engaging more in sedentary activities. This chapter examined the psychological factors predicting sport participation among Japanese and foreign students in Sendai, Japan. The common choice of recreational sports are sedentary activities with a high level of performance in terms of frequency, intensity, duration and long period of participation. Psychological factors of self-confidence, value, task familiarity, perceived success significantly predicts sport participation among university students. Therefore, there is need for increased awareness on benefit of sport participation within the university. Improved reconciliation between academic and physical education programs, and development of attractive recreational sports considering the psychological process that leads to participation. To allay concerns during pandemic, self-organized, non-contact and outdoor sports should be encouraged with adequate preventive measures in place.
Physicochemical Approaches for Thin Film Energy Storage Devices through PVD Techniques
Authors: Velmurugan Ramasamy , Subramanian Balasubramanian
Published: September 2021

For the fabrication of thin films, Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) techniques specified greater contribution than all other deposition techniques. Laser Ablation or Pulsed Laser deposition (PLD) technique is the one of most promising techniques for the fabrication of thin films among all other physical vapor deposition. In particular, flexible thin-film energy storage fabrication PLD plays an important role due to its special parameters such as fine thickness control, partial pressure atmospheric condition, pulsed repetition rate, in-situ annealing and microstructure optimization. Very recently, thin film supercapbatteries have been broadly studied, in which the battery and supercapacitor based electrodes are combined to obtain a high specific power and specific energy density and extended cycle stability. In order to fabricate thin film supercapbatteries, electrodes that have a large potential window, high capacitance, and capacity performance are vastly desired. Thus, the presented chapter represents an important enhancement in the growth of economical and eco-friendly thin flexible supercapbatteries and confirms their potential in sensible applications such as transport electronics devices and other gadgets.
From Preservation to Reuse – Seeing Possible Futures
Authors: Gardiner Elizabeth , Kosmala Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

Appreciation of heritage by Scotland’s communities has been inextricably linked with activism since the 1970s. Since then, European artists and local cultural producers have campaigned for future spaces and places that respect local histories, identities and heritage. In parallel, a polarisation within the arts, culture and heritage establishments has downgraded socially engaged practices: collapsing arts development and heritage preservation with cultural planning. In Glasgow, local people have fought a decade-long campaign to save A-listed dry docks, Govan’s Graving Docks. We argue that the politics around saving the docks are superficially incontestable as a local community aspires to preserve an important heritage asset linked to their own cultural memory and pride. Moving beyond heritage preservation is more problematic. Post-industrial heritage is vulnerable to developer-led homogenisation and subsequently, gentrification. Artists, researchers and activists who, in good faith work with communities, fueling their aspirations and alternative visions for heritage futures, are in danger of becoming a part of the problem. We unpack some of the problems posed by the politics of power and ownership, exploring networks and new business models as keys to advancing a new paradigm for the future of heritage.
Risk Suicide, Anxiety, and Coping Strategies
Authors: Manuel Morales Rodríguez Francisco
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we sought to examine the levels of suicidal risk and anxiety, as well as the coping strategies used in a sample of 154 Spanish university students, most of them first-year students, during the situation of confinement and the pandemic. After approval by the Ethics Committee, instruments for the evaluation of these constructs were administered. An ex post facto design was used. A high level of suicide risk was not found in the sample. Statistically significant differences were found in the levels of suicidal risk and anxiety according to gender, with higher scores in both variables for women. Likewise, the coping strategies of self-criticism and social withdrawal show direct associations with the levels of suicidal risk. We conclude by pointing out the relevance of the data obtained for a more effective design of psychoeducational interventions to face these public health problems with the training of effective coping strategies.
Smart Drug-Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current, Future Perspectives
Authors: Biswas Largee , Shukla Vikas , Kumar Vijay , Kamra Verma Anita
Published: September 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune inflammatory disorder characterized by cellular infiltration in synovium causing joint destruction and bone erosion. The heterogeneous nature of the disease manifests in different clinical forms, hence treatment of RA still remains obscure. Treatments are limited owing to systemic toxicity by dose-escalation and lack of selectivity. To overcome these limitations, Smart drug delivery systems (SDDS) are under investigation to exploit the arthritic microenvironment either by passive targeting or active targeting to the inflamed joints via folate receptor, CD44, angiogenesis, integrins. This review comprehensively deliberates upon understanding the pathophysiology of RA and role of SDDSs, highlighting the emerging trends for RA nanotherapeutics.
Communication through Social Media: Fake or Reality
Authors: Kaul Arshia , Guaba Ritika
Published: September 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic has shaken the entire world. While the think tanks across nations are fighting hard to find a solution to Covid- 19, the spread of Infodemic is making the handling of crisis even more complicated. When the control of a deadly disease like COVID-19 depends on the actions of the population, the quality of information the individuals are being exposed too becomes a vital concern. It is alarming to see that even at a time when the truth can become a matter of life and death a multitude of false information is being spread on social media making it all the more difficult for governments to control the crisis. Plethora of research agrees to an electronic grapevine being more destructive than anything previously imaginable. However, identifying which Social Media Platform is most likely to activate and spread the grapevine is not addressed by any study. This study uses the Fuzzy TOPSIS approach and identifies Facebook followed by WhatsApp as the two platforms most likely to spread infodemic in the country. The quantification of evaluation of the Platforms in spreading misinformation will facilitate the government to take accurate measures to stop the spread of misinformation from the identified platforms.
Epicardial Radiofrequency Ablation: Who, When, and How?
Authors: Lin Chin-Yu
Published: September 2021

In the past decades, it has been known that reentry circuits for ventricular tachycardia or focal triggers of premature ventricular complexes are not limited to the subendocardial myocardium. Rather, intramural or subepicardial substrates may also give rise to ventricular tachycardia, particularly in those with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Besides, some of the idiopathic ventricular tachycardia might be originated from epicardial foci. Percutaneous epicardial mapping and ablation have been successfully introduced to treat this sub-epicardiac ventricular tachycardia. Herein, this chapter reviews the indications for epicardial ablation and the identification of epicardial ventricular tachycardia by disease entity, electrocardiography and imaging modalities. This chapter also described the optimal technique for epicardial access and the potential complication.
Addressing Systemic Factors Related to Racial and Ethnic Disparities among Older Adults in Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: L. Mauldin Rebecca , L. Sledge Shellye , K. Kinney Ebonie , Herrera Sarah , Lee Kathy
Published: September 2021

Disparities in older adults’ care and experiences in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) such as nursing homes and assisted living/residential care communities reflect disparities in the broader society. Various policies and institutional practices related to economic opportunity, education, housing, health care, and retirement financing have created and maintain inequitable social structures in the United States. This chapter describes racial and ethnic disparities among older adults in LTCFs in the United States and the systemic factors associated with those disparities. It presents a conceptual framework for understanding the role of structural racism in the racial and ethnic inequities experienced by LTCF residents. In the framework, structural racism directly contributes to racial and ethnic inequities among LTCF residents through LTCF-related policies and practices. Structural racism also indirectly causes disparities among LTCF residents through health and economic disparities. The chapter describes current efforts that address the effects of structural racism within LTCFs and concludes with practice and policy recommendations to redress racial and ethnic disparities among LTCF residents.
Molecular Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Candida Species Isolated from Candidemia Patients in Yasuj, Southwestern Iran
Authors: Rostami Yasuj Shaghayegh , Gharaghani Maral , Khoramrooz Seyed Sajjad , Salahi Marjan , Keshtkari Ali , Taghavi Jabar , Nazari Khadigeh , Ansari Saham , Shokoohi Gholamreza , Nouripour-Sisakht Sadegh
Published: September 2021

Background: Candidemia is the most common systemic infection in hospitalized patients causing high mortality. Hence, the diagnosis of this infection in the early stage with appropriate antifungal therapy is paramount. Objectives: The study aimed at molecular identification of Candida species isolated from candidemia patients and evaluation of the in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of these strains to fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. Methods: In the present study, 800 hospitalized patients who were suspected to have candidemia were sampled. Candida species were isolated and identified based on morphological characteristics and PCR-sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Antifungal susceptibility tests for fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol M27-A3. Also, clinical data were recorded from the patients' records. Results: Twenty-seven patients among the sample of hospitalized patients were found to have candidemia. A total of 33.3% of candidemia patients were treated with amphotericin B, in which case the mortality rate was 14.8%. The majority of patients (59%) were from the neonatal intensive care unit, and premature birth was the most common underlying condition. Candida albicans (n = 18; 66.6%) was the most common species isolated from blood cultures, followed by C. parapsilosis (n = 7; 25.9%), C. pelliculosa (n = 1; 3.7%), and C. tropicalis (n = 1; 3.7%). Only one C. albicans isolate resistant to fluconazole (minimum inhibitory concentration = 32 µg/mL). Conclusions: Generally, C. albicans has been the most frequent causative agent of candidemia. Resistance to antifungal drugs among candidemia agents was rare. Also, the identification of Candida isolates at the species level with in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests helps manage candidemia patients better and decrease the mortality rate among them.
Perspectivismo Mitigado
Authors: Monteiro João Paulo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

A coherent perspectivism should be moderate - or mitigated. It only becomes meaningful against a transperspective background, which is part of both Hume's and Nietzsche's legacies, a "minimalist" conception of causation. Metaphysical necessity must be excluded, but not a naturalistic, Humean harmony between causal thinking and the real world. One without which even Nietzsche's "mistakes with survival value" would hardly make any sense. It is thus that a plausible perspectivism may distinguish itself from mere rhetoric, scepticism, or relativism.
Arte e Ciência
Authors: d'Orey Carmo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

The fact that there is progress and agreement in sciences and not in arts is sometimes adduced as an argument against the cognitive character of art. In this paper this cognitive character is not supported. Its purpose is only to show that this difference, between arts and sciences, in what concems agreement and progress, is mainly due to the different syntactic and semantic characteristics of the respective Systems of Symbols and is not to be ascribed to their cognitive potentialities.
O Argumento Ontológico em Platão
Authors: Mesquita António Pedro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

The first part of this article attempted to refute the interpretation of Phd. 102a-107a as being the canonic place of the ontological argument in Platonic thought. The second part of this article will attempt to outline three objectives: (1) to show that the ontological argument intervenes in Plato's thought not as a strict démonstration but as a central and permanent structure whereby the idea is necessarily deduced from the sensible; (2) to show that this structure is also present in Saint Anselm's ontological argument as its philosophical meaning; (3) to elucidate how Parmenides' ontology is the paradigm which inspired both Plato and Saint Anselm.
A Cidade - Máquina de Fazer Felicidade
Authors: do Carmo Silva Carlos Henrique ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Dans cet étude il est question de réfléchir sur la cité du point de vue de la philosophie éthique et politique. Pourtant, cette réflexion met aussi en relief le caractère urbain de cette philosophie: il y a là une implication circulaire qu'on essaie d'expliciter tel que le cycle d'ascension et de chute des principaux modèles de cette pensée-là. Il s'agit encore de l'équivalent dialectique dont A. Caeiro/F. Pessoa fait l'ironie par la métaphore de la civilisation comme «machine à faire de la félicité», laquelle nous prenons ici comme prétexte pour toute une autre pensée de la cité. D' abord nous soulignons la 'topo-logie' de la cité comme une esthétique politique: C'est aussi la 'logo-topie' de la cité ancienne, définie par Platon et p ar la condition po litique et naturelle de l'animal humain, comme l'a remarqué Aristote. Après, et en opposition à ce modèle, nous considérons l’éthique de la cité idéale rappellant la problématique sur la «Cité de Dieu». Il y a là l'ambiguité de la conception de la cité, au fonds de nature eschatologique, mais en même temps, toujours comme une médiation hiérarchique qui peut conduire à la temptation d'une «Christianitas». Avec l'essor de la pensée moderne on peut remarquer le réalisme de la conception de la cité dans une perspective d'économie politique et de logique d'intérêts. Ce nouvel paradigme, qui constitue le troisième point de notre exposé, met en relief, d'un côté le caractère utopique de cette conception de la cité idéale, et d'un autre côté la conscience critique, surtout depuis Spinoza, de la cité comme le lieu des désirs. Dans un dernier point d'analyse, nous remarquons l’oubli du niveau ontologique de l'habiter d'usage traduit par une culture politique de la megalopolis contemporaine: c'est déjà l'empire d'une technocracie inhumaine. Il est alors nécéssaire de faire attention aux possibilités techniques d'une nouvelle virtualité pour la cité: il s'agit de tout un autre paradigme onto-psychologique de la complexité de la cité multidimensionelle. En conclusion, nous rappelions encore les limites d'une pensée de la cité toujours loin d'un «retour à l'évidence».
Repensar a Cidade Face a Novos Desafios
Authors: Barata Salgueiro Teresa ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

We start with the question of city definition and we present the concept as it is normally accepted in geography. That means focusing in concentration, centrality and services, besides the fact that the city is a social-economic process and a spatial form. The first component however raises the question of territorial appropriation and identification of space by users. Urbanization implies transformation, thus in the second part we refer to the most important components of the urban change. They run between opposite trends that almost enable the prediction o f the future for the cityscapes, once they are concentration and descentralization, growth and decline, global homogeneity and place differentiation. We look at them through the modifications they have in the urban land or in the social structure.
Teoría e Arte dos Jardins no Século XVIII em Portugal
Authors: Calafate Pedro ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

La théorie et l'art des ja rdins, qui fût l'objet d'une intense polémique en Europe, l'a été aussi dans la culture portugaise du XVIIIe siècle. On analyse, d'une part, l'expérience esth étique de la nature dans le cadre de l'opposition entre la ville et la campagne. D'autre part, on suit les discussions concernant le goût des ja rdins français et anglais et ses conséquences sur la conception du sentiment du beau et du sublime.
The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, gene editing, and the future of the human race
Authors: Boni Arthur A
Published: September 2021

In this book review and accompanying commentary and Addendum, we focus on 5 principal topics/major themes that are of interest for our readership, with a focus on framing the translation of transformative technology into a platform business model in biopharma.  We focus on: 1) the behavioral and personal side of the story of the academic scientist, in this case the principal “code breaker” – Jennifer Doudna; 2) the innovation/technology transfer models, including team building appropriate for successfully translating technology from the academic laboratory into the private sector; 3) the IP considerations needed for broad commercialization and dissemination of pivotal, platform inventions in biopharma; and, 4) framing the issues surrounding the ethical discussion related to use in patients associated with a transformative, gene based technology like CRISPR. We also include an Addendum that covers, 5) Some pertinent, concluding comments on the importance of high–performance, diverse teams for founding, building, and growing successful biotechnology companies.
ARTICULAÇÕES DE MÃES PARA O CUIDADO INTEGRAL À CRIANÇA COM MICROCEFALIA ASSOCIADA AO ZIKA VÍRUS
Authors: Vieira Vanessa Lopes Dativo , Pedrosa Rafaella Karolina Bezerra , Santos Nathanielly Cristina Carvalho de Brito , Reichert Altamira Pereira da Silva , Vaz Elenice Maria Cecchetti , Collet Neusa
Published: September 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: evidenciar as articulações realizadas por mães em busca do cuidado integral à criança com microcefalia associada ao Zika vírus. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 10 mães de crianças com microcefalia associada ao Zika vírus acompanhadas em dois serviços especializados de referência em uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro. As entrevistas ocorreram no período de julho a setembro de 2018 e foram interpretadas pela análise temática à luz do conceito de gestão do cuidado. Resultados: as mães assumem o cuidado ao filho com microcefalia e constroem suas redes de apoio para se readaptar à nova rotina. Na rede social, mobilizam familiares, comunidade e grupo de mães para apoiá-las. A falta de resolutividade do cuidado à criança com microcefalia associada ao Zika vírus e sua família faz com que as próprias mães realizem as articulações necessárias no contexto comunitário e nas redes de atenção à saúde, buscando prover as especificidades de cuidado de seu filho. Nos serviços de saúde, deparam-se com dificuldades na operacionalização da integralidade do cuidado. Considerações finais: torna-se imprescindível o engajamento direto de gestores e profissionais de saúde acenando para ações que superem a fragmentação habitual dos serviços e levem à efetivação da gestão do cuidado para uma reestruturação da rede a fim de torná-la forte o suficiente para suprir as demandas dessa população.
GLICOSE 25% NO ALÍVIO DA DOR DE RECÉM-NASCIDOS DURANTE PUNÇÃO ARTERIAL E VENOSA: UMA REVISãO DE ESCOPO
Authors: Costa Thatiane Monick de Souza , Nascimento Jessica Cristhyanne Peixoto , Oliveira Eloysa dos Santos , Rocha Rodrigo Rhuan Andrade , Dantas Rodrigo Assis Neves , Dantas Daniele Vieira
Published: September 2021

RESUMO O objetivo foi mapear o conhecimento sobre o uso da solução de glicose 25% no alívio da dor de recém-nascidos durante a punção arterial e venosa. Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo. Realizada busca em oito fontes de dados (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, SciVerse Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Cochrane Library, Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações) e em buscador eletrônico no mês de agosto de 2020. Foram selecionados 11 estudos, que corroboram a utilização da glicose 25% como medida não farmacológica para redução da dor em Recém-nascidos, evidenciando seu efeito analgésico a partir da redução da pontuação nas escalas que avaliam a dor. Quanto à utilização, notou-se que a maioria utilizou 2 mL dessa solução, por via oral, dois minutos antes do procedimento. As medidas não farmacológicas são de fácil uso e baixo custo. A glicose 25% é vista como um método padrão-ouro para o alívio da dor de Recém-nascidos. Este estudo possibilitou mais embasamento científico ao mostrar que o uso da solução de glicose 25% é benéfico no alívio da dor de recém-nascidos durante a punção arterial e venosa, principalmente quando associada a outras técnicas. O estudo elucida as ações de saúde para o manejo da dor neonatal e contribui para o fomento da visibilidade e relevância científica ao tema.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM SOBRE A AVALIAÇÃO NA APRENDIZAGEM ATIVA
Authors: Lemes Monike Alves , Marin Maria José Sanches , Lazarini Carlos Alberto , Bocchi Silvia Cristina Mangini , Ghezzzi Joyce Fernanda Soares Albino , Higa Elza de Fátima Ribeiro
Published: September 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as representações sociais dos estudantes de Enfermagem sobre sua avaliação na aprendizagem ativa. Método: estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, em uma instituição pública do centro-oeste paulista, a qual utiliza a aprendizagem ativa no processo de ensino. Participaram 20 estudantes da segunda série do curso de Enfermagem, selecionados por amostra intencional pelo fato de terem vivenciado o processo avaliativo na primeira série, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com uma questão norteadora que versou sobre a compreensão do estudante acerca do processo avaliativo. A análise dos dados foi desenvolvida pelo discurso do sujeito coletivo, a partir das figuras metodológicas: Expressões-chave, ideia central, ancoragem e discurso do sujeito coletivo. Resultados: as representações sociais dos estudantes de Enfermagem sobre o processo avaliativo remeteram a três ideias centrais - perfil e comunicação do estudante; perfil docente; ambiente avaliativo. Conclusão: depreende-se que o processo de avaliação é contínuo, influenciado por características e comportamentos de estudantes e docentes, requer capacitação docente e ambiente propício, o que reafirma a complexidade da prática avaliativa na aprendizagem ativa, bem como a necessidade de investimentos contínuos visando ao seu aperfeiçoamento.
UTILIZAÇÃO DOS MÉTODOS ATIVOS NA EDUCAÇÃO TÉCNICA EM ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Damini Nívea Maria Acurcio Verza , Pinto Adriana Avanzi Marques , Marin Maria José Sanches
Published: September 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como os métodos ativos de aprendizagem vêm sendo desenvolvidos na formação técnica em Enfermagem. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio da técnica de análise temática. Foram entrevistados 29 docentes de 10 cursos técnicos de Enfermagem da região centro-oeste paulista. Resultados: constatou-se que os docentes descrevem alguns princípios que norteiam os métodos ativos de aprendizagem; porém, utilizam predominantemente o método tradicional com a implementação de algumas práticas alternativas que se aproximam dos princípios dos métodos ativos; encontram desafios relacionados à resistência dos estudantes e docentes, falta de estrutura institucional, além de considerar que sua implementação é difícil e lenta. Quando utilizam estratégias que envolvem a proatividade dos estudantes, conseguem observar resultados positivos. Conclusão: os docentes utilizam de forma pontual algumas práticas de ensino pautadas nos princípios dos métodos ativos de aprendizagem, pois o método tradicional de ensino ainda se encontra fortemente estabelecido como hábito entre os envolvidos no processo, sendo necessários avanços na reorganização institucional, na formação e capacitação docente.
Reducing the Cost of Ship Maintenance and Repair
Authors: Dlugokecki Victoria , Fanguy Dennis , Hepinstall Lisa , Tedesco Matthew
Published: September 2021

In July 2011, the National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP)awarded the project entitled “Reduction of Total Ownership Costs Through Application of Design For Maintenance (DFM) and Repair Methodologies Project” a collaborative shipyard-led research project, supported by Bollinger Shipyards(Prime), BAE Systems Southeast Shipyards, Vigor Shipyards, the Trident Refit Facility in Kingsbay, GA, General Dynamics Electric Boat, General Dynamics NASSCO, and the Naval Center for Cost Analysis at NSWC-Carderock. Through this customer-centric project, nearly 40 DFM workshops were held with the deck-plate repairers at public and private shipyards across the US to identify major maintenance cost drivers, maintenance cost reduction opportunities, and deliver design rules to reduce total ownership costs to ship owners based on Design for Maintainability (DFM) principles. This paper will provide an understanding of the process used to develop the DFM information and will discuss the DFM principles applied and highlight the “good practice” design rules that resulted from this effort. The paper will also describe the Cost Benefit Analysis process and templates developed through the project, along with provide an appreciation of the potential cost benefits associated with the implementation of DFM principles. The DFM database, also developed through the project, with over 1000+ repair-based cost reduction strategies will also be highlighted.
Optimization and Business Analytics in Shipbuilding
Authors: Verma Dhiren , Goodwin Tom
Published: September 2021

This paper shall show how marine engineers can derive optimum structures that meet design requirements with the best possible mass distribution and minimum welding effort. This results in a ship that is less expensive to manufacture and maintain. This paper shall also highlight how marine engineers can rapidly highlight the effect of these designs and their changes on product attributes such as weight and balance. Providing such process and tools for data consolidation, tracking and reporting, enables constituents of the extended enterprise to contribute more to product development by focusing on identifying, managing and improving mass properties and associated opportunities, risks and uncertainties.
Hybrid Induction Plasma Cutting Process - A New Technology for High Speed Metal Cutting
Authors: Jones Jerald E. , Rhoades Valerie L. , Mann Mark D. , Holverson Todd
Published: September 2021

A new cutting process, a hybrid system, uses induction heating to heat the metal ahead of the plasma cutting torch. The process has demonstrated the ability to plasma cut steel parts at speeds of up to 4X the speed of the plasma torch without the induction heating. Although the total heat input per unit time is greater, because of the increase in speed, the heat which is conducted into the cut pieces is less. This causes less potential metallurgical damage, less potential distortion, and reduced coating damage and reduced emissions during cutting, in comparison to the plasma cutting process without the induction heating. The initial development was primarily for use in cutting nuclear submarine and aircraft carrier hulls, for scrapping after decommissioning. The process has been demonstrated cutting steel plates and can be used in ship production as well. The primary motivation of the SBIR project was to reduce the heating of the cut pieces, in order to reduce the particulate matter (PM) emissions which occur when coated ship hull material is cut. An induction coil is positioned in front of the plasma cutting torch, to bring the material to an elevated temperature of at least 1600° F, before the plasma is applied to the metal surface. Induction heating testing has shown that the 35 kW induction system can maintain the 1600° F surface temperature at travel speeds of above 220 inches per minute on steel as thick as 3 inches. Once the steel is at that temperature an air plasma torch can cut the metal much faster than cutting cold steel.
Knowledge Management - An Enabler for SNAME & Naval Architects
Authors: Parkyn Nicholas
Published: September 2021

Introduction

A Knowledge Management System is a valuable tool for the Naval Architect or Marine Professional. It plays an important role in transforming the data to information and information to knowledge which is known as the transformation lifecycle. Knowledge Management is a key factor for creating value and competitive advantage. A common approach to knowledge structuring facilitates the sharing of knowledge and collaboration with others, based on knowledge sharing, which increases the value proposition of organizations like the SNAME.

“The transformation of information into knowledge is a critical one, lying at the core of value creation and competitive advantage”

– Stewart 2001

Positioning

Knowledge Management can be applied in many different ways related to the specific requirements of organizations, societies, companies and individuals.

National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP) has done extensive work in the area of Knowledge Aware Engineering to enable:

- Active Delivery Relevant Knowledge

- Cultivation of Technical Memory

- Enablement of Engineering Decision Support

- Integration into the Engineering Process

- Supports for standards, heuristics and best practices.
A Hybrid 2.5D High Speed Strip Theory Method and its Application to Apply Pressure Loads to 3D Full Ship Finite Element Models
Authors: Zhao Chengbi , Ma Ming
Published: September 2021

As the three-dimensional finite element model has become the de facto standard for ship structural design, interest in accurately transferring seakeeping loads to panel based structural models has increased dramatically in recent years. In today’s design practices, panel based hydrodynamic analyses are often used for mapping seakeeping loads to 3D FEM structural models. However, 3D panel based hydrodynamic analyses are computationally expensive. For monohull ships, methods based on strip theories have been successfully used in the industry for many years. They are computationally efficient, and provide good predictions for motions and hull girder loads. However, many strip theory methods provide only hull girder sectional forces and moments, such as vertical bending moment and vertical shear force, which are difficult to apply to 3D finite element structural models. Previously, the authors have proposed a hybrid strip theory method to transfer 2D strip theory based seakeeping loads to 3D finite element models. In the hybrid approach, the velocity potentials of strip sections are first calculated based on the ordinary 2D strip theories. The velocity potentials of a finite element panel are obtained from the interpolation of the velocity potentials of the strip sections. The panel pressures are then computed based on Bernoulli’s equation. Integration of the pressure over the finite element model wetted panels yields the hydrodynamic forces and moments. The equations of motion are then formulated based on the finite element model. The method not only produces excellent ship motion results, but also results in a perfectly balanced structural model. In this paper, the hybrid approach is extended to the 2.5D high speed strip theory. The simple Rankine source function is used to compute velocity potentials. The original linearized free surface condition, where the forward speed term is not ignored, is used to formulate boundary integral equations. A model based on the Series-64 hull form was used for validating the proposed hybrid method. The motion RAOs are in good agreement with VERES’s 2.5D strip theory and with experimental results. Finally, an example is provided for transferring seakeeping loads obtained by the 2.5D hybrid strip theory to a 3D finite element model.
Oil Tanker Cargo Hold Structural Optimization Using Ultimate Limit States
Authors: Freimuth Justin M. , Ma Ming
Published: September 2021

This paper presents a method to optimize an oil tanker cargo hold’s structural scantlings based on stiffened panel ultimate limit states. Two different tanker models and their results are presented demonstrating this optimization procedure using models of varying mesh densities. The full ship finite element models are loaded with multiple load cases, design bending moments, external hydrostatic pressure, and internal tank pressure. The working stresses of a stiffened panel, which are used for the panel’s ultimate limit states assessment, are obtained by 3D finite element analysis. Each stiffened panel is then optimized using multi-objective genetic algorithms for its weight and safety. The optimization process is performed on two different versions of the same vessel: one with all stiffeners defined explicitly and one with internal stiffeners (allowing the stiffener layout to be changed during the optimization). The numerical results show that the proposed method is very useful to perform ultimate strength based ship structural optimization with multiple objectives, namely minimizing the structural weight and maximizing structural safety.
Game Theory for the Maritime Professional
Authors: van Hemmen Hendrik F. , van Hemmen Hannah
Published: September 2021

Whether engaged in design, construction, maintenance or operations activities, Naval Architects and Marine Engineers are continually engaged in negotiation and decision making. However, very little formal negotiation and decision-making training exists for NAMEs, despite the fact that in recent decades there have been significant developments in the game theory field. These developments in game theory have resulted in a standardized terminology and provide theoretical and mathematical concepts that, when adopted in the maritime community, could provide significant advantages to the initiated professional. This paper provides introductions to game theory concepts that have immediate application to typical activities that NAMEs are engaged in on a day-to-day basis. Application of these concepts can result in better and more rapid decision making and assists in the disentanglement of technical and operational problems when they occur. Understanding of these concepts can be as vital as oral and written communication skills for engineers to be able to successfully achieve their technical objectives for the client’s and the public’s best interests. This paper presents these concepts at an introductory level and provides several maritime examples, but also provides a substantial amount of references and a bibliography to allow further study on the subject. Game theory concepts discussed in this paper include the Prisoner’s Dilemma, Tit for Tat, the Nash equilibrium, BATNA, Pareto optimality, and the OODA loop.
Complex System Engineering for Naval Ship Procurement
Authors: Hughes Derek , Wills Andrew
Published: September 2021

Canada has not had a focused military shipbuilding program for some years and one of the outcomes from this is that uniformed and civilian staff within the Department of National Defence have not managed to acquire the skillsets necessary to support large acquisition programs in an effective manner. In addition to this, in recent years, numbers of former Department of National Defence staff have transitioned to Industry, often in senior positions as Industry wish to make use of the information held by these staff. The logical extension is that many sectors in the Canadian Industrial base also lack the skillsets to support large acquisition programs and have to rely on foreign third party support where they are able to call upon it. The paper will discuss the concept of providing a set of Workshops, “Think Tanks” and provide feedback to Project Teams on their approaches linked to likely outcomes with the aim of transferring knowledge to the project team members and empowering the project teams with a “Systems Thinking” culture.
The social axioms of populism: Investigating the relationship between culture and populist attitudes
Authors: Jami Waleed A. , Kemmelmeier Markus
Published: September 2021

Populism is on the rise with various movements having electoral breakthroughs. Most social-science research on populism has focused primarily on party tactics and rhetoric, and a definition for the term itself; only recently has populism emerged as a psychological construct. We contribute to this growing literature with two studies (n = 456 and n = 5,837) that investigated the cultural worldviews underpinned in populist attitudes. Using the social axioms model, an etic framework for assessing people’s generalized social expectations, we linked populist attitudes to universal dimensions of culture. We found that higher levels of social cynicism and social flexibility, and to a lesser extent, lower levels of fate control and reward for application predicted populist attitudes. These findings indicate that people who endorse populist attitudes, across a range of contexts, are cynical regarding the social world, believe in alternative solutions to social dilemmas, but may also perceive a world that is difficult to control and potentially unfair. The discussion focuses on the cultural forces that may drive or facilitate populist attitudes across context and time.
Stingless bee foraging behavior and pollen resource use in oil palm and rubber plantations in Sumatra
Authors:   Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB University, Fitri Ramadani Rosi , Raffiudin Rika ,   Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB University, Sri Ariyanti Nunik ,   Departemen Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, IPB University, Biagioni Siria ,   Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Treanore Erin ,   Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, Behling Hermann ,   Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August University of Goettingen
Published: September 2021

Land transformation in the tropical rainforests to monoculture plantations leads to biodiversity loss and abiotic change. In the oil palm and rubber plantations of Sumatra, we explored the foraging behavior of stingless bees Lepidotrigona terminata, Sundatrigona moorei, and Tetragonula drescheri. Pollen was collected from bees returning to the nest to investigate the floral resources collected by bees inside and outside research plots from both types of plantations. Foraging behavior in both plantations showed an increase in the number of individuals returning to the nest with pollen as the morning progressed, followed by a gradual decrease in the afternoon. The foraging behavior of each stingless bee species was influenced by different environmental factors. While the activity of S. moorei was positively correlated with humidity, the activity of L. terminate was negatively correlated with temperature. We found that a single pollen load was dominated by a single plant taxon in all bee species in both plantations. All pollen collected in the rubber plantation was from Hevea brasiliensis, suggests that rubber is a potential pollen resource. However, in the oil palm plantation, Asteraceae pollen was the dominant taxon collected by both L. terminata and S. moorei. The comparison to the plant inventories in the plots suggests that almost half of the pollen collected by these two species in the oil palm hives was from outside the plantations, probably in forested patches and surrounding gardens. Finally, based on multivariate analyses, we found no competition for these floral resources between L. terminata and S. moorei.
Análise do uso de biogás de suinocultura como energia térmica em uma indústria cerâmica
Authors: Pontes Raquel Alves Ribeiro , Braga Marco Aurélio Candia , Barbosa Andréa Teresa Riccio
Published: September 2021

Num cenário de crise econômica e expectativa de aumento na demanda energética, é importante investir no uso de outras fontes de energia visando a retomada do crescimento econômico brasileiro. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade econômica do uso do biogás proveniente da suinocultura como fonte de energia térmica na produção de cerâmica vermelha. Os dados para esse estudo foram levantados na região norte do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, onde há biodigestores implantados nas granjas suinícolas, cuja a maior parte do biogás é queimado em flare, e um Arranjo Produtivo Local de indústrias cerâmicas que sofrem com o elevado consumo de energia térmica de seu processo produtivo. Foram analisadas quatro rotas diferentes de condução de biogás até o centro consumidor. Concluiu-se que três rotas (I, II e IV-B) são economicamente viáveis. A Rota I, com fornecimento de 10.000 m3 de biogás por dia, apresentou os melhores indicadores: VPL de R$ 24.961.610,18, TIR de 12%, payback simples de 8 anos e 1 mês e payback descontado de 8 anos e 11 meses. Propõe-se a implementação do projeto por partes. Primeiro, construir a Rota I e, em sequência, incentivar a construção de outros dutos para implementar a Rota IV-B, cujo fornecimento de biogás é 50.000 m3 por dia. Posteriormente, é interessante desenvolver novas rotas, com a instalação de mais biodigestores, a fim de ampliar o projeto para o interior e substituir o biogasoduto virtual por dutos. Dado o elevado investimento inicial e os benefícios ambientais, econômicos e sociais para a região, recomenda-se uma parceria entre governo, produtores rurais e/ou empresas privadas para financiamento do projeto.
Breve debate historiográfico sobre a evolução da filosofia da história: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Costa Greyg Lake Oliveira , Arraes Marcos Alexandre de Melo Santiago , Melo Rita de Cassia Guimarães
Published: September 2021

A História como área de conhecimento se tornou altamente científica em termos de pesquisa especializada, e são eficientes na resolução de problemas cognitivos, mas esses conhecimentos produzidos e analisados somente de forma técnica teriam algum impacto sobre a forma que o homem ver o mundo ou da melhoria de algum aspecto social ou cultural? Este trabalho tem como intuito realizar um breve estudo a respeito da conceitualização de Filosofia da História, dando enfoque no seu desenvolvimento ao longo do tempo, em que passou pelas vertentes dominantes em cada época como a teologia, o iluminismo e a firmação do caráter técnico-cientifico da história na modernidade. A presente pesquisa trata - se de uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva e exploratória, desenvolvida a partir de materiais publicados em livros e artigos, visando o aprofundamento do estudo em questão. Conclui-se com este trabalho que a Filosofia da História passou por diversas transformações durante sua história e agora está inclinada a trabalhar os aspectos da Teoria da História ou Epistemologia devido ao forte cunhos cientifico da pesquisa acadêmica atual. Pode se afirmar que a própria evolução da Filosofia da História é um temo de estudo histórico a qual é possível realizar análises dos trabalhos dos historiadores de cada período e sua relação com o contexto social, político e religioso.
Caracterização de resíduos do processo de fundição: um olhar sustentável
Authors: Bueno Yasmin Milena Loth , Tonial Larissa Macedo dos Santos
Published: September 2021

A indústria de fundição possui grande importância econômica e ambiental, porém, apesar do potencial de reciclagem, gera resíduos sólidos, como escória, areia de fundição e pó de ferro. Poucos estudos na literatura abordam sua caracterização e reaproveitamento, apesar de seu potencial de reaproveitamento. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar as características físico-químicas, e a partir destas sugerir e incentivar o reaproveitamento dos resíduos do processo de fundição. Na caracterização da escória, areia de fundição e pó de ferro, foram determinados os teores de cinzas, carbono e nitrogênio total, comportamento magnético, granulometria e foi obtido o difractograma de raios-X dos resíduos. Os resultados sugerem resíduos sólidos como subprodutos para outras indústrias, evidenciando o grande potencial para o desenvolvimento sustentável. No entanto, reforçam a necessidade de mais estudos sobre sua caracterização, e reforçam a necessidade de uma avaliação contínua devido à variabilidade da matéria-prima.