bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Career implications for high-quality work relationships: an SCCT test
Authors: Ehrhardt Kyle , Sharif Monica M.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Researchers recognize that interpersonal relationships contribute to the career development of professional employees. The purpose of this paper is to extend this research to individuals working at a formative point in their careers. Guided by Social Cognitive Career Theory, a model is developed that tests whether the quality of individuals’ work relationships at an early career stage has implications for their development of career cognitions and career exploration behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling is used to test the model in two samples of employed students (n=372 andn=166).

Findings

Coworker relationship quality had a direct influence on career self-efficacy, which led to increased career outcome expectations, goals and exploration behaviors. The influence of supervisor relationship quality was mixed across studies.

Research limitations/implications

Findings suggest that the quality of individuals’ relational experiences at work, even at an early career stage, has implications that extend beyond the workplace to affect their careers more generally.

Practical implications

Results speak to the dangers associated with a poor interpersonal climate for employees at an early career stage, and suggest that managers invest in opportunities that allow these employees to build stronger bonds with coworkers. The results also suggest that career counselors and internship coordinators be sensitive to the interpersonal climate of organizations with whom they contract.

Originality/value

This study offers insight into the connection between early employment experiences and individuals’ career cognitions and career exploration behaviors.
SEC approves Nasdaq rule change to permit direct listings without an IPO
Authors: Banks Helene R. , Bondi Bradley J. , Gilman Charles A. , Katz Elai , Liebmann Geoffrey E. , Sturman Ross , Millington Nicholas S.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To explain the rule changes in Nasdaq’s new Listing Rule IM-5315-1, approved by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 15, 2019, that permit direct listings on Nasdaq without an initial public offering, similar to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) rule changes approved in 2018.

Design/methodology/approach

Explains the legislative and regulatory background, historic limitations on direct Nasdaq listings, and de-tailed provisions of Nasdaq’s new Listing Rule IM-5315-1.

Findings

The direct listing alternative to an IPO may appeal to cash-rich companies that do not need the publicity or new capital associated with a traditional IPO.

Originality/value

Expert analysis from experienced securities litigation and corporate governance lawyers.
FinCEN Issues guidance to synthesize regulatory framework for virtual currency
Authors: Nonaka Mike , Konko Jenny , Gaffney Cody
Published: September 2019

Purpose

To summarize FinCEN’s new interpretive guidance on how its regulations apply to business models involving convertible virtual currencies (“CVCs”).

Design/methodology/approach

Highlights the most significant aspects of FinCEN’s CVC guidance, including several of the CVC business models discussed in the guidance.

Findings

FinCEN’s latest guidance does not create any new legal requirements but clarifies how existing regulations apply to business models involving CVCs.

Practical implications

Practitioners advising on CVC issues should be familiar with FinCEN’s latest guidance and how FinCEN regulations may impact their clients.

Originality/value

Highlights the most important takeaways from FinCEN’s guidance based on our firm’s experience in the CVC space. Lawyers representing clients on CVC issues will find this article valuable.
Novel interactions between alien pathogens and native plants increase plant–pathogen network connectance and decrease specialization
Authors: Bufford Jennifer L. , Hulme Philip E. , Sikes Benjamin A. , Cooper Jerry A. , Johnston Peter R. , Duncan Richard P.
Published: September 2019

Alien plant pathogens are a threat to native plants and are increasingly integrating into native plant–pathogen networks, but how these novel plant–pathogen networks are structured remains unclear. Theory predicts that novel antagonists are likely to be generalists, resulting in interaction networks with greater nestedness as well as lower modularity and specialization than native networks.

We tested these predictions by quantifying associations between native plants and their native and alien pathogens using a comprehensive database of plant–fungal associations in New Zealand. We compared the host ranges of alien and native pathogens and the structure of native and alien pathogen subnetworks.

As predicted, alien pathogens associated with a greater number and diversity of native plant host species than native pathogens. The alien pathogen subnetwork was more nested and connected, but less modular and less specialized than the native pathogen subnetwork, consistent with expectations for novel interactions. Alien pathogens altered the overall native plant–pathogen network structure, making the full network more connected and less specialized than the native network. Modules in the native and alien subnetworks were clustered by host phylogeny but did not show a clear signal associated with host habitat or region.

Synthesis. Our study provides some of the first empirical insights into the structure of novel plant–pathogen networks and the changes that occur when alien pathogens invade a native network. Because alien pathogens interacted with more hosts than native pathogens, alien pathogens have an increased risk of adverse indirect effects, including pathogen spillover, host jumps and network destabilization.
Simultaneous confidence corridors for mean functions in functional data analysis of imaging data
Authors: Wang Yueying , Wang Guannan , Wang Li , Ogden R. Todd
Published: September 2019

Motivated by recent work involving the analysis of biomedical imaging data, we present a novel procedure for constructing simultaneous confidence corridors for the mean of imaging data. We propose to use flexible bivariate splines over triangulations to handle an irregular domain of the images that is common in brain imaging studies and in other biomedical imaging applications. The proposed spline estimators of the mean functions are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal under some regularity conditions. We also provide a computationally efficient estimator of the covariance function and derive its uniform consistency. The procedure is also extended to the two‐sample case in which we focus on comparing the mean functions from two populations of imaging data. Through Monte Carlo simulation studies, we examine the finite sample performance of the proposed method. Finally, the proposed method is applied to analyze brain positron emission tomography data in two different studies. One data set used in preparation of this article was obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.
Moving from the Margins to the Mainstream: Equity and Justice as Key Considerations for Developmental Science
Authors: Brown Christia Spears , Mistry Rashmita S. , Yip Tiffany
Published: September 2019

Worldwide, most children face marginalization and societal inequities to varying degrees. For developmental science to have both scientific and societal value, scientists must account for the impact of societal inequities, regardless of the focus of their research. In this article, we illustrate how equity and justice are relevant for all children. We also argue that equity and justice are essential components for all developmental science and should be the basis for how we evaluate scientific rigor. Ignoring equity and justice issues perpetuates biases within the field and limits our understanding of developmental processes. We offer graduated recommendations for all developmental scientists to consider, starting with minimal standards for inclusion and descriptions of participants, and continuing with guidance for articulating what mechanisms lead to observed differences. We also urge researchers to examine why and how social inequities and contexts shape their focal domain of developmental science.
Voice burden in teachers and non‐teachers in a UK population: A questionnaire‐based survey
Authors: Gadepalli Chaitanya , Fullwood Catherine , Ascott Frances , Homer Jarrod James
Published: September 2019

Objective

To characterise the burden of voice disorders in teachers in a UK population, compare it with non‐teachers and identify groups of teachers who may be particularly at risk of developing a voice problem.

Design

Questionnaire‐based survey of primary and secondary school teachers and non‐teachers. Questions consisted of general demographics, VHI‐10 and questions relating to voice problems.

Methods

Distribution of questionnaires to teachers and non‐teachers and statistical analysis of the responses.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Participants

Teachers and non‐teachers in a region of North West England.

Main outcome measures

Identification of risk factors for voice problems in teachers, compared to non‐teachers.

Results

A total of 210 primary and 244 secondary school teachers and 304 non‐teachers participated in the questionnaire survey. Response rates were 67.9% from primary schools, 41.2% from secondary schools and 40.0% from the non‐teachers. 30.0% of teachers and 9.0% of non‐teachers had reported problems with their voice. 12.8% of teachers and 2.0% of non‐teachers had missed work due to voice problems. 14.1% of teachers and 5.3% non‐teachers had seen a general practitioner for voice‐related problems, whilst 7.1% of teachers and 6.3% of non‐teachers had been referred to an otolaryngologist or speech therapist for voice problems. Factors related to VHI‐10 (P < .05) were identified.

Conclusions

Voice disorders are an occupational health problem for teachers, with a significant burden of these disorders in this group of teachers in the UK. We have identified risk factors that could be exploited to identify groups of teachers who would benefit from early intervention.
Machine perfusion of donor kidneys may reduce graft rejection
Authors: Samoylova Mariya L. , Nash Amanda , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Barbas Andrew S. , Brennan Todd V.
Published: September 2019

Recent evidence suggests that hypothermic machine perfusion of donor kidneys reduces delayed graft function (DGF). This study addresses the effect of machine perfusion (MP) on allograft rejection in the United States. We assembled a retrospective cohort of patients undergoing kidney‐alone transplants in the UNOS database from June 30, 2004 to May 31, 2017. DGF was defined as dialysis requirement in the first week post‐transplant; graft rejection was defined at 6 months and 1 year. Multivariable logistic regression adjusted for recipient and donor factors evaluated the effect of MP on DGF and graft rejection. Records for 79 300 kidney transplants meeting inclusion criteria were abstracted, 42% of which underwent MP. MP kidneys came from older donors, were more likely to have been obtained following donation after cardiac death, and had longer cold ischemic times. Rates of DGF and rejection were similar between MP and static storage kidneys. Following adjustment, recipients of MP kidneys were less likely to experience rejection at 1 year (OR 0.91 [95% CI 0.86‐0.97] P = .002), but not at 6 months post‐transplantation (OR 0.94 [0.88‐1.02] P = .07). This effect persisted following adjustment for cold ischemic time. This study adds to the accumulating evidence demonstrating improved outcomes following MP of kidneys. We encourage protocolized consideration of MP for kidney grafts.
Role of 3D transesophageal echocardiography in transcatheter closure of atrial septal aneurysms
Authors: Taha Fatma , Elshedoudy Sahar
Published: September 2019

Background

Three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3DTEE) is superior to two dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2DTEE) as it provides all atrial septal information from a single view.

Aim

To evaluate 3DTEE role in analysis of atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) and in device closure guiding.

Methods

Three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography were recorded with Vivid*E9,GE system over 14 months. ASAs were classified into 4 types (A: with PFO, B: with one ASD, C: with 2 ASDs, and D: with multiple fenestrations). Each aneurysm was assessed according to its type, shape, dimensions, orientation, aneurysmal tissue, and the surrounding rims. All patients passed to transcatheter aneurysm closure.

Results

A total of 26 patients with ASAs were assessed (7 imperforated aneurysms excluded). The remaining 19 patients’ age was 12.84 ± 5.82years. Four patients had type A aneurysms, 6 had type B, 4 had type C, and 5 had type D. 3DTEE demonstrated oval aneurysms in 17 patients. The orientation was oblique in 8 patients, vertical in 7, and horizontal in 4. The ASAs dimensions were 23.5 ± 5.1, 23.2 ± 5.1, and 22.0 ± 4.0 mm for oblique, vertical, and horizontal axes. Percutaneous closure succeeded in 18 patients. Balloon sizing was used in 4 patients. Devices used were: In type A:PFO devices, in type B:ASO devices, in type C:two patients required two ASO devices in each patient and two patients required one cribriform device, and in type D:Cribriform devices used for three patients, PFO for one and ASO for one. LA, LUPV, and RUPV approaches were used. Aspirin was received for 6 months.

Conclusion

Three dimensional transesophageal echocardiography helps to select aneurysms suitable for transcatheter closure, select the suitable devices, and guide the transcatheter procedure.
A developmental synapomorphy of squamate reptiles
Authors: Stewart James R. , Blackburn Daniel G.
Published: September 2019

The reptilian clade Squamata is defined primarily by osteological synapomorphies, few of which are entirely unambiguous. Studies of developing squamate eggs have revealed a uniquely specialized feature not known to occur in any other amniotes. This feature—the yolk cleft/isolated yolk mass complex—lines the ventral hemisphere of the egg. During its formation, extraembryonic mesoderm penetrates the yolk and an exocoelom (the yolk cleft [YC]) forms in association with it, cutting off a thin segment of yolk (the “isolated yolk mass” [IYM]) from the main body of the yolk. The YC–IYM complex has been observed and described in more than 65 squamate species in 12 families. In viviparous species, it contributes to the “omphaloplacenta,” a type of yolk sac placenta unique to squamates. The only squamates known to lack the IYM are a few highly placentotrophic skinks with minuscule eggs, viviparous species in which it clearly has been lost. Given its absence in mammals, chelonians, crocodylians, and birds, the YC–IYM complex warrants recognition as a developmental synapomorphy of the squamate clade. As in extant viviparous lizards and snakes, the YC–IYM complex presumably contributed to the placenta of extinct viviparous squamates.
Irrigation and its effect on polyphagous shot hole borer attack
Authors: Umeda Colin , Eatough Jones Michele , Paine Timothy
Published: September 2019

Polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB), Euwallacea whitfordiodendrus (Schedl) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is an ambrosia beetle that has recently invaded southern California, USA. This beetle successfully attacks and reproduces in a multitude of tree species. As direct control methods are limited, we investigated cultural management options, and sought to determine whether irrigation affects the number of attacks host trees experienced. If irrigation plays a role, cultural control methods could be recommended to managers and growers. Three separate experiments were conducted that monitored the number of attacks on trees with different levels of irrigation. Two experiments examined PSHB attacks in established landscape trees where irrigation was either present or absent. A third experiment used young potted box elder with irrigation controlled with timed emitters. In all three experiments, the level of irrigation received by the trees did not affect the number of attacks. The results suggest that changes in irrigation practices do not affect risk from PSHB attack.
Forecasting recoveries in debt collection: Debt collectors and information production
Authors: Kriebel Johannes , Yam Kevin
Published: September 2019

Recent theoretical work suggests that debt collection agencies play an important role in gathering and processing debtor information. We study a comprehensive data set with information provided by original creditors and information gathered in third‐party debt collection. In line with the theoretical results, the initial information is sparse and the gathered information is essential for better‐informed predictions.
Abortion due to Bacillus safensis in a mare
Authors: Kelley D. E. , Hodo C. L. , Aceino A. , Lawhon S. D. , Hinrichs K. , Brinsko S. P.
Published: September 2019

A 16‐year‐old Westphalian mare aborted a dead fetus at 7 months of gestation without prodromal signs. The chorioallantois was diffusely thickened and discoloured, with fibrinous plaques, congestion and haemorrhage. Small colonies of 1‐μm, Gram‐positive bacilli were scattered throughout the exudate overlying the chorionic epithelium, and within macrophages. Bacillus safensis was isolated from the fetal lungs and from a swab sample of the mare's uterus. This strain represents the first case of a B. safensis‐associated equine abortion and the first case of any infection caused by this bacterium.
Radiographic, computed tomographic and CT myelographic findings of an extensive cervical osteochondroma resulting in spinal cord compression at the atlanto‐occipital junction
Authors: Dixon J. J. , Anderson J. D. C.
Published: September 2019

A 13‐year‐old, crossbred grey mare was referred for examination of a left‐sided head tilt and neck stiffness which had been noted for several months. Radiographic examination of the head revealed severe periarticular bone formation surrounding the dorsal and ventral margins of the atlanto‐occipital joint and a large multilobular bony mass encroaching on the guttural pouch. Computed tomographic examination confirmed a multiloculated bony mass invading the vertebral canal and causing marked spinal cord compression and displacement. Histologically, this was identified to be an osteochondroma and the horse was conservatively managed.
Demonstrating the impact of your teaching: benefits of Higher Education Academy Fellowship for librarians
Authors: George Sarah , Rowland Jennifer
Published: September 2019

This feature suggests that health librarians who teach or support Higher Education (HE) students can and should gain accreditation and recognition for their teaching by the route of HEA Fellowship. We outline the process by which Fellowship could be attained by those working within HE and those in NHS libraries who work with HE students, suggesting which aspects of librarianship practice could provide the necessary evidence for Fellowship. The synergies between Fellowship and Chartership are examined and the criteria for HEA (UK Professional Standards Framework or UKPSF) are mapped against those for Chartership (Professional Knowledge and Skills Base (PKSB).

D.I.
From environmental DNA sequences to ecological conclusions: How strong is the influence of methodological choices?
Authors: Calderón‐Sanou Irene , Münkemüller Tamara , Boyer Frédéric , Zinger Lucie , Thuiller Wilfried
Published: September 2019

Aim

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is increasingly used for analysing and modelling all‐inclusive biodiversity patterns. However, the reliability of eDNA‐based diversity estimates is commonly compromised by arbitrary decisions for curating the data from molecular artefacts. Here, we test the sensitivity of common ecological analyses to these curation steps, and identify the crucial ones to draw sound ecological conclusions.

Location

Valloire, French Alps.

Taxon

Vascular plants and fungi.

Methods

Using soil eDNA metabarcoding data for plants and fungi from 20 plots sampled along a 1000‐m elevational gradient, we tested how the conclusions from three types of ecological analyses: (a) the spatial partitioning of diversity, (b) the diversity–environment relationship, and (c) the distance–decay relationship, are robust to data curation steps. Since eDNA metabarcoding data also comprise erroneous sequences with low frequencies, diversity estimates were further calculated using abundance‐based Hill numbers, which penalize rare sequences through a scaling parameter, namely the order of diversity q (Richness with q = 0, Shannon diversity with q ~ 1, Simpson diversity with q = 2).

Results

We showed that results from different ecological analyses had varying degrees of sensitivity to data curation strategies and that the use of Shannon and Simpson diversities led to more reliable results. We demonstrated that molecular operational taxonomic unit clustering, removal of polymerase chain reaction errors and of cross‐sample contaminations had major impacts on ecological analyses.

Main conclusions

In the Era of Big Data, eDNA metabarcoding is going to be one of the major tools to describe, model and predict biodiversity in space and time. However, ignoring crucial data curation steps will impede the robustness of several ecological conclusions. Here, we propose a roadmap of crucial curation steps for different types of ecological analyses.
Non‐canonical Raf‐1/p70S6K signalling in non–small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Qiu Zhixin , Ye Bingwei , Zhao Shuang , Li Xin , Li Lei , Mo Ximing , Li Weimin
Published: September 2019

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death globally, with non–small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the predominant subtype. Overall survival remains low for NSCLC patients, and novel targets are needed to improve outcome. Raf‐1 is a key component of the Ras/Raf/MEK signalling pathway, but its role and downstream targets in NSCLC are not completely understood. Our previous study indicated a possible correlation between Raf‐1 levels and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) function. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether p70S6K is a downstream target of Raf‐1 in NSCLC. Raf‐1 was silenced in NSCLC cell lines by using small hairpin RNA, and Raf‐1 and p70S6K protein levels were measured via Western blot. p70S6K was then overexpressed following Raf‐1 knock‐down; then, cell proliferation, apoptosis and the cell cycle in NSCLC cell lines were examined. Tumour xenografts with NSCLC cells were then transplanted for in vivo study. Tumours were measured and weighed, and Raf‐1 and p70S6K expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined in tumour tissues by Western blot, Ki‐67 staining and TUNEL staining, respectively. When Raf‐1 was silenced, p70S6K protein levels were markedly decreased in the A549 and H1299 NSCLC cell lines. A significant decrease in NSCLC cell proliferation, a profound increase in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were observed in vitro following Raf‐1 knock‐down. Overexpression of p70S6K after Raf‐1 depletion effectively reversed these effects. Xenograft studies confirmed these results in vivo. In conclusion, Raf‐1 targets p70S6K as its downstream effector to regulate NSCLC tumorigenicity, making Raf‐1/p70S6K signalling a promising target for NSCLC treatment.
The p factor: genetic analyses support a general dimension of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Allegrini Andrea G. , Cheesman Rosa , Rimfeld Kaili , Selzam Saskia , Pingault Jean‐Baptiste , Eley Thalia C. , Plomin Robert
Published: September 2019

Background

Diverse behaviour problems in childhood correlate phenotypically, suggesting a general dimension of psychopathology that has been called the p factor. The shared genetic architecture between childhood psychopathology traits also supports a genetic p. This study systematically investigates the manifestation of this common dimension across self‐, parent‐ and teacher‐rated measures in childhood and adolescence.

Methods

The sample included 7,026 twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). First, we employed multivariate twin models to estimate common genetic and environmental influences on p based on diverse measures of behaviour problems rated by children, parents and teachers at ages 7, 9, 12 and 16 (depressive traits, emotional problems, peer problems, autism traits, hyperactivity, antisocial behaviour, conduct problems and psychopathic tendencies). Second, to assess the stability of genetic and environmental influences on p across time, we conducted longitudinal twin modelling of the first phenotypic principal components of childhood psychopathological measures across each of the four ages. Third, we created a genetic p factor in 7,026 unrelated genotyped individuals based on eight polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders to estimate how a general polygenic predisposition to mostly adult psychiatric disorders relates to childhood p.

Results

Behaviour problems were consistently correlated phenotypically and genetically across ages and raters. The p factor is substantially heritable (50%–60%) and manifests consistently across diverse ages and raters. However, residual variation in the common factor models indicates unique contributions as well. Genetic correlations of p components across childhood and adolescence suggest stability over time (49%–78%). A polygenic general psychopathology factor derived from studies of psychiatric disorders consistently predicted a general phenotypic p factor across development (0.3%–0.9%).

Conclusions

Diverse forms of psychopathology generally load on a common p factor, which is highly heritable. There are substantial genetic influences on the stability of p across childhood. Our analyses indicate genetic overlap between general risk for psychiatric disorders in adulthood and p in childhood, even as young as age 7. The p factor has far‐reaching implications for genomic research and, eventually, for diagnosis and treatment of behaviour problems.
Efficacy of aqueous and oil formulations of a specific Metarhizium anisopliae isolate against Aphis craccivora Koch, 1854 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under field conditions
Authors: Mweke Allan , Akutse Komivi Senyo , Ulrichs Christian , Fiaboe Komi Kouma Mokpokpo , Maniania Nguya Kalemba , Ekesi Sunday
Published: September 2019

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) production is constrained by biotic and abiotic factors, among which Cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora) is ranked a key insect pest that severely limits its potential for provision of food and nutritional security to millions of people in sub‐Saharan Africa. The use of entomopathogenic fungi for A. craccivora management has been recently demonstrated at laboratory and field levels as alternative to synthetic insecticides, but with low adoption in Africa. This study assessed the efficacy of aqueous and oil formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae ICIPE 62 against A. craccivora under field conditions. Metarhizium anisopliae formulations and a commonly used insecticide Duduthrin® were applied using knapsack sprayers with target output of 350 L/ha. Data on aphid infestation levels were collected weekly. ICIPE 62 efficacy in inducing mortality was also assessed 24 hr post‐treatment coupled with mycosis test. Further, leaf and grain yields were determined. After six weeks post‐treatment in the wet season, there was no significant reduction in aphid density in fungus‐treated plots compared to control and Duduthrin®‐treated plots. However, in the dry season six weeks after applying the treatments, oil formulation spray resulted low aphid density compared to control and Duduthrin®‐treated plots. ICIPE 62 formulations did not negatively affect the natural enemies’ population. Leaf yield from the various treatments did not differ significantly in the wet season, but the two fungal formulations recorded higher yields in dry season compared to other treatments. Grain yields in wet and dry seasons were lower in control and Duduthrin®‐treated plots compared to both ICIPE 62 formulations. This study showed that both M. anisopliae ICIPE 62 formulations are effective in suppressing A. craccivora population under field conditions without adverse effects on its beneficial insects. The study also revealed that efficacy of fungal‐based biopesticides is highly dependent on environmental conditions.
Literature review and micro‐computed tomography analysis of natal teeth: A pilot study
Authors: Park Joon Soo , Patel Jilen , Seewoo Bhedita J. , King Nigel M. , Anthonappa Robert P.
Published: September 2019

Aim

To outline the current literature surrounding natal teeth, and then, in a pilot study, to evaluate natal teeth using micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) to determine their anatomical profile, and compare and contrast different analytical methods to assess natal teeth.

Methods

2 extracted natal teeth (mandibular central incisors) and 1 exfoliated mandibular primary central incisor were subjected to micro‐CT analysis.

Results

Within natal teeth, there were no statistical differences in tooth mineral density (TMD) of both enamel and dentine (P > .05), whereas mandibular primary central incisors had a significantly higher TMD of both enamel and dentine in comparison with both natal tooth 1 and natal tooth 2 (P < .05). Mandibular primary central incisors had a greater thickness and volume of both enamel and dentine, but exhibited lower pulpal space volume.

Conclusion

Micro‐CT is an alternative and non‐invasive method to anatomically assess natal teeth. According to the pilot study, natal teeth exhibited lower TMD, decreased enamel and dentine thickness, and smaller pulpal space volume in comparison with mandibular primary incisor teeth. This pilot study creates a foundation to establish the collection and analysis of natal teeth on a larger scale over time using micro‐CT.
A first case of fixed drug eruption due to Tamsulosin
Authors: Montazer Fatemeh , Jahani Amiri Kousar , Mofarrah Ramina , Ahmadi Alborz , Nouripour Behzad , Mofarrah Ramin
Published: September 2019

Background

Fixed Drug Eruption (FDE) is a drug reaction involving the skin and less commonly the mucosal membranes. Tamsulosin is an alpha‐1 adrenergic receptor blocker used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia. Dizziness and headache are among its most common side effects (Singapore Med J, 2018;59:336). Although cutaneous drug eruption has been reported with other alpha‐1 adrenergic receptor blockers.

Aims

Drug rash due to Tamsulosin is relatively uncommon (Singapore Med J, 2018;59:336). In this case we report an incidence of fixed drug eruption due to Tamsulosin.

Patients

A 54 year old male, with benign prostatic hyperplasia was referred to our office for evaluation of certain eruptions, having developed his hyper‐pigmented patches after 2 weeks of using oral 0.4 mg Tamsulosin per day. Based on the clinical course and the skin biopsy we diagnosed the condition as Tamsulosin associated fixed drug eruption. The most important therapeutic measure was discontinuing Tamsulosin medication. Following this, his eruptions improved remarkably in a few days without complications.

Results

According to previous findings, there has been no case report on fixed drug eruption caused by Tamsulosin.

Conclusion

Our case is a relatively mild form of fixed drug eruption. Therefore it should be kept in mind that a severe cutaneous drug eruption might occur after Tamsulosin administration.
Eyebrow growth pattern analysis in patients with eyebrow hypotrichosis after receiving topical treatment: A retrospective study
Authors: Suchonwanit Poonkiat , Thammarucha Sasima
Published: September 2019

Background

Differences in growth patterns among the various parts of the eyebrow have been observed.

Aims

We aimed to investigate changes in the hair density and diameter and analyze the eyebrow growth pattern of each eyebrow part (head, body, and tail) in patients with eyebrow hypotrichosis over a 24‐week course of topical treatment.

Patients/Methods

A retrospective study of 48 patients who received treatment with bimatoprost 0.01% was conducted. Patient demographic data were collected; measurements of hair density and diameter in the different parts of the eyebrow were collected and statistically evaluated.

Results

The tail of the eyebrow revealed the lowest baseline eyebrow density and diameter. Significant changes in eyebrow density (P = .01) and diameter (P = .01) were first detected in the tail at 4 and 16 weeks of treatment, respectively. The head and body showed a comparable growth pattern.

Conclusions

This study confirms the previous observations that hair density, diameter, pattern of growth, and hair growth cycle vary according to their anatomical location within the eyebrow. A better understanding of eyebrow growth pattern could provide the precise pathomechanism of eyebrow hypotrichosis leading to a standardized treatment protocol.
60 Years of March and Simon’s Organizations: An Empirical Examination of its Impact and Influence on Subsequent Research
Authors: Wilden Ralf , Hohberger Jan , Devinney Timothy M. , Lumineau Fabrice
Published: September 2019

We provide an analytic and systematic review of the impact of March and Simon’s seminalOrganizationson management research and discuss the book’s value for current research and propose future applications of it. Building on bibliometric and text‐mining approaches, our empirical analysis reveals that althoughOrganizationswas contextually based in the industrial milieu of the 1950s, its concepts have found ongoing resonance with scholars. Further, we find that much of this resonance appears to be driven by the ability of scholars in different ‘schools of thought’ to find useful insights from March and Simon’s generalized theoretical structure. However, we also observe that scholars have been selective in their usage of ideas from the book over the last 60 years. Based our analysis, we propose a particular set of future research areas, including a focus on new organizational forms and extending March and Simon’s ideas to multi‐level research, which can benefit from more holistically drawing onOrganizationsand connect its original ideas to address current management problems.
Potential roles of miR‐335‐5p on pathogenesis of experimental periodontitis
Authors: Lian Junxiang , Wu Xingwen , Liu Yao , Qiu Wei , Zhu Xiaofang , Wang Xiaoxuan , Meng Shu , Valverde Paloma , Steffensen Bjorn , Tu Qisheng , Pan Jian , Chen Jake
Published: September 2019

Background and Objective

Periodontitis is a prevalent oral disease responsible for tooth loss. MicroRNAs have been proven crucial in bone disorders over the past decades. Promotive effect on osteogenic activities by microRNA‐335‐5p (miR‐335‐5p) has been well demonstrated, but its role involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis remains elusive. In this study, we established experimental periodontitis (EP) on transgenic mice overexpressing miR‐335‐5p (335‐Tg) to investigate the novel effects of miR‐335‐5p on periodontal inflammation and bone loss.

Methods

Experimental periodontitis was established via ligation. The expression of inflammatory and osteoclastic genes was examined by quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). Morphology of alveolar bone was analyzed by microcomputed tomography (μCT). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were conducted for histological analysis.

Results

The expression of miR‐335‐5p decreased significantly in the periodontal tissues of EP. Compared to the WT‐EP group, μCT analysis showed less bone loss in the 335‐Tg‐EP group accompanying with a decreased number of TRAP‐positive osteoclasts. H&E and IHC staining exhibited attenuated inflammation and TLR4 expression in the 335‐Tg‐EP group. Furthermore, reduced expressions of IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and TLR4 were also detected in the 335‐Tg‐EP group. Overexpression of miR‐335‐5p in vivo weakened the periodontal bone destruction and inflammation compared with the WT‐EP group.

Conclusions

Our data exhibit novel roles of miR‐335‐5p in preventing bone loss and inflammation in experimental periodontitis.
Variation in hybrid gene expression: Implications for the evolution of genetic incompatibilities in interbreeding species
Authors: Seidl Fabian , Levis Nicholas A. , Jones Corbin D. , Monroy‐Eklund Anaïs , Ehrenreich Ian M. , Pfennig Karin S.
Published: September 2019

Interbreeding species often produce low‐fitness hybrids due to genetic incompatibilities between parental genomes. Whether these incompatibilities reflect fixed allelic differences between hybridizing species, or, alternatively, standing variants that segregate within them, remains unknown for many natural systems. Yet, evaluating these alternatives is important for understanding the origins and nature of species boundaries. We examined these alternatives using spadefoot toads (genusSpea), which naturally hybridize. Specifically, we contrasted patterns of gene expression in hybrids relative to pure‐species types in experimentally produced tadpoles from allopatric parents versus those from sympatric parents. We evaluated the prediction that segregating variation should result in gene expression differences between hybrids derived from sympatric parents versus hybrids derived from allopatric parents, and found that 24% of the transcriptome showed such differences. Our results further suggest that gene expression in hybrids has evolved in sympatry owing to evolutionary pressures associated with ongoing hybridization. Although we did not measure hybrid incompatibilities directly, we discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the nature of hybrid incompatibilities, how they might vary across populations over time, and the resulting effects on the evolutionary maintenance ‐ or breakdown ‐ of reproductive barriers between species.
Elements in the λ immunity region regulate phage development: beyond the ‘Genetic Switch’
Authors: Thomason Lynn C. , Morrill Kathleen , Murray Gillian , Court Carolyn , Shafer Brenda , Schneider Thomas D. , Court Donald L.
Published: September 2019

Genetic elements in the bacteriophage λ immunity region contribute to stable maintenance and synchronous induction of the integrated Escherichia coli prophage. There is a bistable switch between lysogenic and lytic growth that is orchestrated by the CI and Cro repressors acting on the lytic (PL and PR) and lysogenic (PRM) promoters, referred to as the Genetic Switch. Other less well‐characterized elements in the phage immunity region include the PLIT promoter and the immunity terminator, TIMM. The PLIT promoter is repressed by the bacterial LexA protein in λ lysogens. LexA repressor, like the λ CI repressor, is inactivated during the SOS response to DNA damage, and this regulation ensures that the PLIT promoter and the lytic PL and PR promoters are synchronously activated. Proper RexA and RexB protein levels are critical for the switch from lysogeny to lytic growth. Mutation of PLIT reduces RexB levels relative to RexA, compromising cellular energetics and causing a 10‐fold reduction in lytic phage yield. The RexA and RexB proteins interact with themselves and each other in a bacterial two‐hybrid system. We also find that the transcription terminator, TIMM, is a Rho‐independent, intrinsic terminator. Inactivation of TIMM has minimal effect on λ lysogenization or prophage induction.
Influence of T2DM and prediabetes on blood DC subsets and function in subjects with periodontitis
Authors: Rabelo Mariana de Sousa , El‐Awady Ahmed , Moura Foz Adriana , Hisse Gomes Giovane , Rajendran Mythilpriya , Meghil Mohamed M. , Lowry Scott , Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Cutler Christopher W. , Susin Cristiano
Published: September 2019

Objective

To compare the myeloid and plasmacytoid DC counts and maturation status among subjects with/without generalized periodontitis (GP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

The frequency and maturation status of myeloid and plasmacytoid blood DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry in four groups of 15 subjects: healthy controls, T2DM with generalized CP (T2DM + GP), prediabetes with GP (PD + GP), and normoglycemics with GP (NG + GP). RT‐PCR was used to determine levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the oral biofilms and within panDCs. The role of exogenous glucose effects on differentiation and apoptosis of healthy human MoDCs was explored in vitro.

Results

Relative to controls and to NG + GP, T2DM + GP showed significantly lower CD1c + and CD303 + DC counts, while CD141 + DCs were lower in T2DM + GP relative to controls. Blood DC maturation required for mobilization and immune responsiveness was not observed. A statistically significant trend was observed for P. gingivalis levels in the biofilms of groups as follows: controls <NG+GP < PD+GP < T2DM+GP. Moreover, significantly higher P. gingivalis levels were observed in blood DCs of NG + GP than controls, whereas no differences were observed between controls and PD + GP/T2DM + GP. In vitro differentiation of MoDCs was significantly decreased, and apoptosis was increased by physiologically relevant glucose levels.

Conclusion

Type 2 diabetes mellitus appears to inhibit important DC immune homeostatic functions, including expansion and bacterial scavenging, which might be mediated by hyperglycemia.
Nitric Oxide‐Mediated Resistance to Antitumor Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Girotti Albert W.
Published: September 2019

As an antitumor modality based on sensitizer photoexcitation by tumor‐directed light, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has the advantage of being site‐specific compared with conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Like these other therapies, however, PDT is often limited by pre‐existing or acquired resistance. One type of resistance, discovered in the author’s laboratory, involves nitric oxide (NO) generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in tumor cells. Using human breast, prostate and brain cancer cell lines, we have shown that iNOS is dramatically upregulated after a moderate PDT challenge sensitized by 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐induced protoporphyrin IX. The elevated NO not only elicited a greater resistance to cell photokilling, but also an increase in the growth and migration/invasion rate of surviving cells. Greater iNOS/NO‐based resistance was also demonstrated at the in vivo level using a breast tumor xenograft model. More recent studies have shown that NO from PDT‐targeted cells can stimulate a progrowth/promigration response in non‐targeted bystander cells. These novel effects of NO, their negative impact on PDT efficacy and possible mitigation thereof by anti‐iNOS/NO pharmacologic agents will be discussed.
Maximizing Profit via Assortment and Shelf‐Space Optimization for Two‐Dimensional Shelves
Authors: Hübner Alexander , Schäfer Fabian , Schaal Kai N.
Published: September 2019

Product proliferation and changes in demand require that retailers regularly determine how items should be allocated to retail shelves. The existing shelf‐space literature mainly deals with regular retail shelves onto which customers only have a frontal perspective. This study provides a modeling and solution approach for two‐dimensional shelves, e.g., for meat, bread, fish, cheese, or clothes. These are categories that are kept on tilted shelves. Customers have a total perspective on these shelves and can observe units of one particular item horizontally and vertically instead of just seeing the foremost unit of an item, as is the case of regular shelves. We develop a decision model that optimizes the two‐dimensional shelf‐space assignment of items to a restricted, tilted shelf. We contribute to current literature by integrating the assortment decision and accounting for stochastic demand, space elasticity and substitution effects in the setting of such self types. To solve the model, we implement a specialized heuristic that is based on a genetic algorithm (GA). By comparing it to an exact approach and other benchmarks, we prove its efficiency and demonstrate that results are near‐optimal with an average solution quality of above 99% in terms of profit. Based on a numerical study with data from one of Germany’s largest retailers, we were able to show within the scope of a case study that our approach can lead to an increase in profits of up to 15%. We demonstrate with further simulated data that integration of stochastic demand, substitution, and space elasticity results in up to 80% higher profits.
Longitudinal patterns of anger reactivity and risk‐taking: The role of peer‐context
Authors: Nozadi Sara S. , Henderson Heather A. , Degnan Kathryn A. , Fox Nathan A.
Published: September 2019

The current study examined the interplay between children's dispositional anger and susceptibility to peers' influence in increasing children's risk‐taking behaviors. Participants in the current study were children from a larger study of temperament and social–emotional development who were followed across 9, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. Dispositional anger was measured using mothers' reports across 9 and 48 months. At 60 months, children played a risk‐taking computer game in presence of an unfamiliar peer who watched the child play. The child's risk‐taking was assessed during the game as the unfamiliar peers' reactions were coded based on comments that were peer directed, reflective of praising the target child's performance, or object directed, indicative of excitement toward the game. A latent profile analysis revealed three longitudinal anger profiles across infancy to early childhood: high stable, average stable, and low stable anger. Results suggested that as peers' object‐directed comments predicted risk‐taking independent of children's anger, the association between peer‐directed comments and risk‐taking was dependent on children's dispositional anger. Specifically, when peers praised the target child's performance, children in the high stable anger profile showed increased risk‐taking propensity. Findings are discussed based on the importance of considering both temperamental characteristics and aspects of the peer context in relation to children's risk‐taking.
Surface Evaluation of Living Skin (SELS) parameter correlation analysis using data taken from astronauts working under extreme conditions of microgravity
Authors: Theek Carmen , Tronnier Hagen , Heinrich Ulrike , Braun Nicole
Published: September 2019

Background

In space, due to fluid shift a 45% decrease in the skin topography parameter volume (mm3) was seen using the VisioScan® camera. Simultaneously, the parameters roughness, scaling and wrinkles changed dramatically as well.

Thus, the present study has the objective to understand the relationship between the SELS parameters under extreme conditions and their application by addressing scientific‐dermatological questions.

Material and Methods

SELS measurements were performed on the volar forearms of six astronauts. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the association between the variables.

Results

A significant correlation was found between the skin topography parameter volume and the skin parameters roughness, scaling and wrinkles. A closer look at each astronaut revealed a significant correlation for all astronauts for the parameters volume and roughness and for more than 65% of the astronauts for the parameters volume and scaling and volume and wrinkles. However, no correlation could be found between the parameters skin hydration and roughness and scaling, respectively.

Conclusion

Only the parameter skin volume leads to meaningful data under microgravity. Physiological changes observed by fluid shift are comparable to the skin condition edema on earth. Based on the obtained data, we can conclude that the formulas for the SELS parameters roughness, scaling and wrinkles for this special skin condition need to be reviewed.