bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional Dysregulation as a Factor of Psychosomatic Disturbances in Depression and Cardiovascular Pathology (Analytical Review of Foreign Literature)
Authors: Sobennikov Vasiliy S. , Vinokurov Evgeniy V. , Rychkova Lyubov V. , Sobennikova Veronika V.
Published: April 2019

The review presents data on cognitive processes of emotional regulation, which are the result of the interaction of the activity of the prefrontal cortex and emotional centers, as the most important pathogenetic link in the psychosomatic relations of depressive and cardiovascular diseases. The neuroanatomical substrate of emotional regulation is the connection between emotional and cognitive processes, which are carried out through bidirectional neuronal interactions between the neocortex and emotional centers. This connection allows emotional centers to modulate cortical activity, and cognitive centers, through descending cortical influences, to modulate the processing of emotions. At present, direct and indirect connections of the frontal cortex with the centers of the autonomic nervous system and its stimulating sympathetic and inhibitory parasympathetic influences have been confirmed. Pathogenetic links of emotional dysregulation include neurobiological and cognitive (rumination, fixation on negative information) processes. The pathophysiological mechanisms of depression and cardiovascular diseases have common links - the dysregulation of the metabolic, immunological and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal systems. The tendency to negative emotional response, the prevalence of negative emotions and alexithymia (low awareness of emotions) stand out as predictors of the development of both cardiovascular diseases and depression. Studies aimed at studying the typology and meaning of emotional dysregulation in various forms of psychopathological disorders in the aspect of comorbidity and psychosomatic relationships with somatic diseases can be fruitful in terms of finding new approaches to diagnosis and therapy.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Method Application in the Study of Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Insulin Glargin Preparations
Authors: Shitov L. N. , Dzhurko Yu. A. , Drai R. V. , Makarenko I. E. , Khokhlov A. L. , Khozova L. A. , Afonkina O. V. , Sevastyanova Yu. A. , Vasilenko N. A. , Abramova A. A.
Published: April 2019

Aims: adaptation and validation of the ELISA method insulin glargine determination for the pharmacokinetic study, practical approval in the biosimilars clinical trial.

Materials and methods. Serum insulin glargine determination was measured using a commercial ELISA kit. All tests were run on a Personal LAB machine (Adaltis S.r.l., Rome, Italy) with test systems for measuring the concentration of insulin glargine (Invitron Ltd., United Kingdom); human insulin concentrations were measured in the samples from the study for correction of cross-reactivity. Clinical part of this study included 42 male patients aged 18–65 with diabetes mellitus type 1. This was a double-blind, randomized, crossover clamp study with wash-out period of 7–14 days. Comparisons drugs: Insulin Glargine (glargine) solution for subcutaneous administration, 100 U/ml (GEROPHARM, Russia) and Lantus® (glargine) solution for subcutaneous administration, 100 U/ml (Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Germany).

Results. At the stage of the method adaptation the modification of original manufacturer’s method was performed; the full validation of modified analytical method for all parameters (selectivity, specificity, precision of calibration curves, intra- and inter-batch precision and accuracy, carry-over, dilution integrity, stability of solutions, stability in biologic matrix, parallelism) in accordance with regulatory authorities requirements has been done. The primary endpoint for long-acting insulins – AUCins.0-τ was calculated. Insulin Glargine and Lantus® are equivalent based on AUCins.0-τ data (point estimation for ratio of geometric means was 99 %, the confidence intervals for the ratio of the geometric mean for AUCins.0-τ was 81.02–120.62 %, that correspond to acceptance range 80.00–125.00 %).
Aspects of Serological Diagnostics of Listeriosis (Literature Review)
Authors: Khaptanova Natalya M. , Аndreevskaya Nina M. , Lukyanova Svetlana V. , Konovalova Zhanna A. , Gefan Natalya G. , Ostyak Аleksandr S. , Tokmakova Elena G.
Published: April 2019

The review presents data on the antigenic structure and the current classification of epidemically significant serovariants of Listeria. Description of species-specific properties of serovariants of Listeria, which may be common for two or more species, and common antigens with staphylococci and typhoid and paratyphoid bacteria, are given. It has been shown that only the antigenic scheme of Listeria monocytogenes is of practical interest for medical microbiology. Importance of serotyping in the epidemiological analysis to determine the source of infections and ways of its spreading has been determined. Differences in the designation of serovariants in the diagnosis of listeriosis in medical practice are observed. High level of adaptive properties of Listeria, its ability to reproduce in an abiotic environment, including food, susceptibility of immunodeficient individuals, prevalence of food pathway of infection pose a significant danger of increased sickness rate with listeriosis. Serological diagnostics of Listeria has not been developed in detail, and the existing serological methods are aimed at identifying specific antibodies to listeria. Advantages of the serological method include: quick results and the possibility to study any biological material. Currently available serological methods have a number of disadvantages: low reliability of results and low specificity of the study. The most promising method for identification of a serological group of cultures, according to the world classification, is the multiplex PCR method, based on the correlation between the serogroup of an isolate and the presence of specific open reading frames in its genome.
SOCIOECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF NO-TILL IN WHEAT CROPPING SYSTEM: A CASE STUDY IN ALGERIA
Authors: Rouabhi Amar , Laouar Abdelmalek , Mekhlouk Abdelhamid , Dhehibi Boubaker
Published: April 2019

This paper aimed at the socioeconomic appraisal of two cropping systems namely no-till and tilled wheat in Sétif region (Algeria). The study based on a sample of 28 adherent farms in an international project of Conservation Agriculture adoption for smallholders in North Africa. Economic diagnosis showed that no-till system performed best with a gross margin difference of $ 84/ha in comparison with conventional tilled wheat. Moreover, no-till recorded less work time and fuel consumption, with 241minutes/ha and 42 liters/ha against 624 minutes/ha and 99 liters/ha for conventional tillage. Though, no-till still faced some local social and technical constraints that are relatively easy to overcome. If Algeria put forward its best efforts through increasing no-till in the suitable zones, many objectives could be achieved in the context of preserving natural resources and building up farming sustainability. It could be also a key solution for “Intended Nationally Determined Contribution” (INDCs) schemes to meet Algerian commitments regarding “Paris Agreement” on climate change.
Multicultural Education Professional Development: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Parkhouse Hillary , Lu Chu Yi , Massaro Virginia R.
Published: April 2019

When their teachers are well equipped to foster inclusive and equitable classrooms, students from marginalized communities show higher rates of academic achievement, motivation, self-confidence, and self-efficacy. However, many teachers complete preparation programs feeling underprepared to work in culturally diverse classrooms, making high-quality professional development (PD) in this area crucial. We undertook a meta-ethnographic, systematic literature review of 40 studies of multicultural education–focused PD programs in order to better understand the forms and features of such programs that contribute to teachers’ self-efficacy and success in working with culturally diverse students. We found a small literature base with too much variation across types of programs studied and outcomes analyzed to draw conclusions about the factors that contribute to effectiveness. However, the extant literature does point to important questions and considerations for both providers and researchers of multicultural education PD. One area for future research is how PD providers navigate tensions or challenges arising from resistance to discussions of diversity and equity. Another is locating the balance between providing specific knowledge about students’ cultures and guarding against promoting stereotypes or broad generalizations. Researchers and PD developers should also pay close attention to their underlying theories related to both teacher learning and multicultural education.
PELAKSANAAN TANGGUNG JAWAB PERUSAHAAN DAERAH AIR MINUM (PDAM) DALAM PENYALURAN AIR BERSIH KEPADA PELANGGAN DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Asrul Aswar.SH. MH
Published: April 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan tanggung jawab Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) dalam penyaluran air bersih kepada pelanggan di Kota Makassar. Selain itu, untuk mengetahui upaya hukum apa yang dilakukan oleh pihak pelanggan dalam hal terjadi wanprestasi oleh pihak Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM). Metode penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Kantor Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kota Makassar dengan menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis empiris. Pendekatan yuridis empiris digunakan untuk memberikan gambaran secara kualitatif tentang tanggung jawab PDAM dan penyelesaian permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan perjanjian. Pendekatan empiris dimaksudkan ialah sebagai usaha mendekati masalah yang diteliti dengan sifat hukum yang nyata atau sesuai dengan kenyataan dalam masyarakat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara penelitian lapangan melalui wawancara, dokumentasi dan pengamatan serta penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan untuk mendapatkan data sekunder yang berasal dari buku-buku, artikel, dan sumber-sumber lain yang relevan dengan masalah diatas. Data yang telah dikumpulkan diklasifikasikan dan dianalisis secara kualitatif selanjutnya diuraikan secara deskriptif dengan metode induktif dan deduktif.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan tanggung jawab pihak pengelolah air minum punya batas tertentu, adapun upaya dalam penyelesaian sengketa yang timbul antara para pelanggan dengan pihak Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kota Makassar, yaitu diupayakan terlebih dahulu diselesaikan secara musyawarah untuk mufakat, dan kalau upaya itu tidak terwujud maka melalui jalur hukum atau diteruskan ke pengadilan.Sebagai saran dalam pelayanan penyaluran air minum oleh Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kota Makassar kepada setiap pelanggan, masih perlu ditingkatkan, termasuk harus kontinyu dalam menyalurkan air, penyaluran air tidak boleh selalu macet (debit air kecil), dan air yang disalurkan harus bersih dari segala kotoran dan tidak keruh. Serta, untuk menghindari terjadinya permasalahan antara Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Kota Makassar dengan pihak pelanggan air minum, maka masing-masing pihak memahami dengan baik hak-hak dan kewajibannya dalam kaitannya dengan penyaluran air bersih tersebut serta Pihak PDAM memberikan masing-masing pegangan kepada pelanggan salinan perjanjian yang telah disepakati kedua belah pihak.
Dewi Yopi Meitita 165100006
Authors: Meitita Dewi Yopi
Published: April 2019

Pada era globalisasi perkembangan teknologi semakin menakjubkan, baik secara tertulis maupun visul. Salah satu nya MIMO (Multi Input Multiple Output), merupakan sebuah teknologi pada komunikasi radio yang banyak di gunakan pada perangkat-perangkat saat ini. Beberapa standart komunikasi yang menggunakan teknologi ini seperti IEEE 802.11n, IEEE 802.11ac (Wi-Fi), HSPA+ (3G), WiMAX (4G), Long Term Evolution (LTE 4G).Untuk komunkasi pada jaringan Wi-Fi teknologi MIMO pertama kali di adopsi pada standart IEEE 802.11n. Pada MikroTik sendiri teknologi MIMO dapat di gunakan pada RouterOS v4.0 keatas pada chipst atheros.Teknologi ini di gunakan untuk memaksimal kan komunikasi wireless dengan memanfaatkan multiple antenna atau multiple-chain sebagai transmitter dan receiver. Dengan menggunakan MIMO ini di harapkan bias memininalisir error pada proses transmisi dan juga mengoptimalkan troughtput data nya.
Penggantian Kerugian Bagi Masyarakat yang Terkena Dampak Buruk Tower BTS
Authors: Saragih Ulamatuah
Published: April 2019

Menara tower seluler berfungsi mengakses informasi komunikasi dengan cepat dan tepat. Akan tetapi perlindungan hukum terhadap masyarakat belum relevan sebagaimana mestinya dan megenyampikan keselamatan masyarakat itu sendiri. Dimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 1999 tentang Telekomunikasi dan Peraturan Menteri Kominfo Nomor. 02/PER/M/KOMINFO/3/2008 tentang Pedoman Pembangunan dan Penggunaan Menara bersama Telekomunikasi.
Faktor-Faktor Urbanisasi di Indonesia
Authors: Widiawaty Millary Agung
Published: April 2019

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang mengalami lonjakan penduduk yang sangat pesat, hal tersebut berdampak pada meningkatnya mobilitas penduduk. Selama kurun waktu 50 tahun terakhir (1968-2018), perkembangan urbanisasi cukup signifikan. Pada tahun 1971 penduduk kota memiliki presentase sebesar 17,2 persen. Hingga tahun 2018, angka terus mengalami peningkatan. Mobilitas penduduk desa menuju kawasan perkotaan dipicu karena kota memiliki daya tarik seperti tersedianya berbagai fasilitas pendidikan, heterogenitas lapangan pekerjaan, hiburan dan berbagai fasilitas lainnya. Sementara itu, kawasan pedesaan yang cenderung homogen dengan ditandai sulitnya lapangan pekerjaan yang tersedia, dan minim fasilitas penunjang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalsis berbagai faktor urbanisasi di Indonesia. Data terkait penduduk diperoleh dari sumber sekunder yang relevan.
The emotion-valuation constellation: multiple emotions are governed by a common grammar of social valuation
Authors: Sznycer Daniel , Lukaszewski Aaron
Published: April 2019

Social emotions are hypothesized to be adaptations designed by selection to solve adaptiveproblems pertaining to social valuation—the disposition to attend to, associate with, and aid atarget individual based on her probable contributions to the fitness of the valuer. To steerbetween effectiveness and economy, social emotions need to activate in precise proportion to the local evaluations of the various acts and characteristics that dictate the social value of self and others. Supporting this hypothesis, experiments conducted in the United States and India indicate that five different social emotions all track a common set of valuations. The extent to which people value each of 25 positive characteristics in others predicts the intensities of: pride (if you had those characteristics), anger (if someone failed to acknowledge that you have thosecharacteristics), gratitude (if someone convinced others that you have those characteristics), guilt (if you harmed someone who has those characteristics), and sadness (if someone died who had those characteristics). The five emotions track local valuations (mean r = +.72) and even foreign valuations (mean r = +.70). In addition, cultural differences in emotion are patterned: They follow cultural differences in valuation. These findings suggest that multiple social emotions are governed (in part) by a common architecture of social valuation, that the valuation architecture operates with a substantial degree of universality in its content, and that a unified theoretical framework may explain cross-cultural invariances and cultural differences in emotion.
Human sociality as spheres of belonging
Authors: Schoeller Felix , Mason John
Published: April 2019

We examine the mechanisms of cooperation and community structuring human decisions and behaviour, with the goal of outlining new models taking into account the importance of social emotions underlying human behaviour. We introduce formal definitions for the terms discussed, emphasizing the role of social emotions in human evolution. Following on from the idea that kinship is a central organising factor in human behaviour, we introduce the concept of ‘spheres of belonging’ to designate the structure of kinship, in an attempt to explore its attributes and suggest some of its applications.
Changing activity behaviours in vocational school students: The stepwise development and optimised content of the ‘Let’s Move it’ intervention
Authors: Hankonen Nelli , Absetz Pilvikki , Araujo-Soares Vera
Published: April 2019

Nelli Hankonen, Pilvikki Absetz & Vera Araújo-Soares (2020) Changing activity behaviours in vocational school students: the stepwise development and optimised content of the ‘let’s move it’ intervention, Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, 8:1, 440-460, DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2020.1813036 Background: School-based interventions that sustainably increase physical activity (PA) are lacking. Systematic and participatory, theory and evidence-based intervention development may enhance effectiveness of complex behavioral interventions. Aims: To illustrate a stepwise process to develop intervention targeting PA and sedentary behavior (SB) among older adolescents.Methods: Two established intervention development frameworks (Intervention Mapping and Behaviour Change Wheel) were integrated, leading to a comprehensive evidence and theory based process. It was informed by empirical studies, literature reviews, expert and stakeholder consultation, including scenario evaluation and component pre-testing. Results: After problem specification (step 1), behavioral diagnosis (step 2) identified a variety of determinants in the domains of capability (e.g. self-regulation skills), motivation (e.g.outcome expectations) and environmental opportunities. These were organized into an intervention theory integrating several formal theories, including self-determination theory. Theory-aligned principles guided material design (Step 3). Feasibility RCT allowed optimization into a final intervention protocol (Step 4).Conclusions: Intervention elements directly and indirectly target students by changing teacher behavior and the school and wider environment. A systematic development and optimization led to a high potential for sustainability. This description provides a practical, hands-on example of intervention development process. The detailed intervention content, with specification of hypothesized mechanisms, allows replication and adaptation.
Evolutionary perspectives on the mechanistic underpinnings of personality
Authors: Lukaszewski Aaron
Published: April 2019

Evolutionary theory is the organizing framework for the life sciences because of its unique value in deriving falsifiable predictions about the causal structure of organisms. This paper outlines the relationships of evolutionary principles to the study of phenotypic variation and defines two distinct paradigms for personality science. The first of these, dimensional cost-benefit analysis (DCBA), entails analyzing the reproductive cost-benefit tradeoffs along inductively derived personality dimensions (e.g., the big five) to derive predictions regarding adaptively-patterned variation in manifest trait levels. The second paradigm, ground-up adaptationism (GUA), requires building models of specific psychological mechanisms, from the ground-up, including their variable parameters that result in manifest behavioral variation. After evaluating the strengths and limitations of these paradigms, it is concluded that (1) inductively derived dimensions of person description should not serve as the field’s explanatory targets; (2) GUA represents the most powerful available framework for elucidating the psychological mechanisms which comprise human nature and produce its diverse range of behavioral variants; and (3) the goals of adaptationist evolutionary psychology are the same as those guiding personality psychology’s next era: to identify the mechanisms that comprise the mind, figure out how they work, and determine how they generate behavioral variation.
Quatre Chapelles Médiévales du Koura
Authors: Nordiguian Lévon
Published: April 2019

Depuis une dizaine d'années, les études consacrées à la peinture monumentale religieuse de Syrie et du Liban ont connu un grand essor2. L'architecture religieuse n'a pas fait l'objet d'une attention semblable. On se contente souvent de présenter l'édifice sans le soumettre à une analyse archéologique. II est vrai qu'il s'agit souvent d'édifices modestes qui ne relèvent pas à proprement parler de I 'Histoire de l'art. Par ailleurs, mis à part le monastère de Kaftoun, aucune chapelle n'a fait l'objet de fouilles archéologiques systématiques (Waliszewski 2007 : 279-325). Dans ce volume consacré au patrimoine religieux du patriarcat grec-orthodoxe, nous présentons l'étude archéologique de quatre chapelles du Koura', une région du Liban Nord particulièrement riche en chapelles médiévales. II s'agit des deux églises Saint- Georges d'Amioun et de Kfar Aaqa, de Saint-Saba de Kfar Hata, et enfin de la chapelle double du monastère Notre-Dame de Bkeftine. Loin de viser à I 'exhaustivité, cette étude se veut une contribution à l' architecture de ces monuments.
Bloody Diaspora Theory for the Twenty-First Century: African and Asian Heritage Migrants Return
Authors: Myambo Melissa Tandiwe
Published: April 2019

First, I begin by interrogating why blood as kinship, ethnicity, nationality, identity, etc., has been so clinically removed from so much Humanities-oriented poststructuralist and postcolonial diaspora theory, rendering it both bloodless and hostile towards the notion of a return to an ethnic homeland. Second, I analyze policies based on the “migration-development nexus” promoted by organizations like the World Bank with its reliance on a conception of bloody roots and an enduring ethnic homeland that is both essentialist and static. To point out the limitations of these theories, I examine some recent frontier heritage migrations in which Asian and African diasporic elites raised in Euro-America are “returning” to their ethnic homelands. Finally, I attempt to lay out some of the parameters of a more fluid, supple theory of diaspora for the twenty-first century that explores blood as an analytic tool that takes into account not only mobile yet bloody identities but also mutable places, dynamic economic change, and new forms of spatiotemporality. In other words, returning to the homeland is not what it used to be, hence new constructions of blood identification are now possible.
Nyinba Polyandry and the Allocation of Paternity
Authors: Levine Nancy E.
Published: April 2019

Fraternal polyandry among the Nyinba, an ethnic group of Tibetan cultural affiliation, is part of a unitary marital system. All men are regarded as husbands to their common wife and all expect to have children by her. Whereas the rights and duties associated with fatherhood may be characterized as joint in some contexts, they are clearly differentiated in others-as determined by the paternity of the children. The attribution of distinctive paternity is particularly crucial in that it establishes a child's place in society, his/her rights to property, and succession to office or ritual status.
Urbanization and Fertility Decline in West Africa: Ghana, Sierra Leone, and Liberia
Authors: Dzegede Sylvi A.
Published: April 2019

The relationship of fertility to urbanization is determined from census data and described for three West African countries, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Ghana in the 1960’s and in the case of Ghana, also in 1970. Three specific aspects are examined: the urban-rural fertility differential, the longitudinal behaviour of fertility, and urban fertility by size of city. An urban-rural differential emerged for all three countries. Fertility declined as percent urban population increased in Ghana from 1960 to 1970. Fertility tended to decline as city-size increased, except for Sierra Leone. Confounding variables affecting the fertility ratio used are examined. An attempt is made to understand urban-rural fertility differentials or the lack of them by considering such socio-cultural variables as ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status, education, migration, and age at marriage.
Indian Family Businesses in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Jithoo Sabita
Published: April 2019

The author argues that there is a relationship between the joint family and economic (business) development and that contrary to the general belief that the joint (or extended) family is an inhibition to development, it has been in Durban a positive element. The joint family business far from being a hindrance to economic growth is an excellent institution for the concentration of capital, which is a precondition for growth. In Durban where Indians have had problems in competing for capital and other resources in the open market, the value of the joint family business may be even greater. The evidence casts doubt on the traditional arguments of economists who contend that any inhibition on the free movement of factors of production through market mechanism is bad for growth and also the socialist economic models which distrust commercial activity for profit and the accumulation of privately owned capital. The thesis deals with a small Indian immigrant elite business group who lived in Durban for 120 years. The author explores the various phases of the business and its connections with the developmental cycle of the so called “joint family”.
Evolution of Sikh Family Form and Values in Rural California: Continuity and Change 1904 - 1980
Authors: La Brack Bruce
Published: April 2019

This article examines changes in Punjabi Sikh family form and its’ underlying value struture as it evolved over an eight decade period in California. Starting with the arrival of Sikh laborers on the West Coast of North America in 1904, the paper traces a difficult adjustment period which saw Sikhs begin as all-male sojourners and I move through a period of out-marriage, largely with. Spanish-speaking women. It outlines the changes in post-World War II United States immigration policy and the profound effects this had on the Sikh family, including renewed immigration from India and the reassertion of traditional, endogamous, arranged marriage as the culturally preferred pattern. Finally, some of the intergenerational problems now emerging as Sikh youth reach marriagable age are noted as are some sources of conflict within Sikh communities over definitions of what constitutes a “proper marriage” and a “good Sikh”.
Family in India and North America: Change and Continuity among the Lingayat Families
Authors: Chekki Dan A.
Published: April 2019

This paper attempts to show the unique dynamics of the Lingayat family and community in the context of societal change. Population growth, urbanization, education, occupational mobility and migration seems to be the key factors in the process of change. The analysis is based on intergenerational, historical, ethnographic, participant and non-participant observation, and interview data. The issue of continuity in the process of change is addressed. The specific focus is the relationship between the Lingayat religious ideology, family and community values. The characterstics and trends of continuity and change of the Lingayat family and community in India and in North America are examined. In the light of empirical research, the theories of modernization and change are reviewed.
Refugees in Newfoundland: Families After Flight
Authors: Gilad Lisa
Published: April 2019

Based upon field work conducted in 1987 among Eastern European, Middle Eastern, Southeast Asian, and Central American refugees in St. John’s Newfoundland, I attempt an exploratory cross-cultural analysis of the ways in which refugees thinking about "family" differs from that of more ordinary immigrants. Special emphasis is given to the ordeal of clandestine departure; the guilt of refugee ideologues as compared with the lack of it among persons fleeing from direct persecution; the breaking apart and coming together again; and the issue of dependency and the paucity of familial or ethnic resources.
The American Dream of Family in Film: From Decline to a Comeback
Authors: Levy Emanuel
Published: April 2019

The family and family-related values have always been a component of dominant culture and the American Way of Life. This article deals with the portrayal of the family in the New American Cinema, from the late 1960s to the present. It shows that film (and media) images are not necessarily up-todate: a culture lag may prevail between society’s material conditions (marital statuses, divorce rates, size of families, patriarchal or matriarchal structures) and its cultural representations (symbols, values and myths about the family). More specifically, it discerns six film cycles, each of which presented different images of the American family. They are in chronological order: the decline of the nuclear family; an attempt to substitute the nuclear family with alternative family structures (communes and professional groups); a cycle of films devoted to white suburban families; a cycle depicting troubled and tormented families; a cycle of youth-oriented films; and the most current trend, a return to traditional family values and structures. Over the last twenty years, the American family has seen many fluctuations in its cinematic treatment, going from severe decline in the late 1960s to a major comeback in the late 1980s. The study analyzes variations and consistencies in the narrative ideological and cinematic conventions of family films, and their interplay with the social and political contexts in which they are made and viewed.
Cross-Cultural Comparison of the Social Support System after Childbirth
Authors: Park E. Moon , Dimigen G.
Published: April 2019

Korea and Scotland were compared regarding the social support offered in the periods after childbirth. It was predicted that Korean mothers would be more satisfied with their form of support than Scottish mothers, on account of the different family structure in the two countries (extended family in Korea, nuclear family in Scotland).

Fifty-two Scottish mothers and 105 Korean mothers were interviewed six to ten weeks after childbirth (using the Social Support Inventory). The results showed that this prediction had to be rejected. In fact, Scottish mothers valued their support more than Korean mothers, although Scottish mothers actually received much less support on the whole. It was concluded that in both countries the actual support received was of less importance than the support the mothers thought their due (i.e. in line with the customs of their culture).
Hong Kong Families: At the Crossroads of Modernism and Traditionalism
Authors: Chan Hoiman , Lee Rance P.L.
Published: April 2019

The cultural embeddedness of family structure and processes is a crudal point of departure in unravelling family life in Hong Kong. Two sets of cultural forces, that of Chinese traditionalism and Western modernism, provide the key ideological axes in the shaping of Hong Kong families. This ideological vantage point sheds important light on salient aspects of the family conditions, e.g., the prevalence of utilitarianistic familism, the rise of nuclear families, the changing authority pattern among family members, and the formation of gradated, extended familial ties. These variegated features are characterized in this essay in terms of the concept of modified nuclear family.
Work-Family Stage and Satisfaction with Work-Family Balance
Authors: White James M.
Published: April 2019

Voydanoffs (1987) three constructs for the sequencing of work and family stages are integrated with family development theory to produce three hypotheses in regard to work-family career stages and its relationship to satisfaction with the balance between work and family. Canadian findings indicate that the effects for work-family stages are moderated by gender. Mothers who work over twenty hours a week are less satisfied with the balance between work and family than fathers and mothers who work less than twenty hours or are at home full time. Part time dual earner families show relatively high satisfaction with work-family balance for both genders. These finding are discussed in the contexts of family development theory and current social change.
Prevalence and Patterns of Female Headed Households in Latin America: 1970-1990
Authors: Arias Elizabeth , Palloni Alberto
Published: April 2019

Our goal in this paper is to describe levels and trends of female headed households in Latin America during the past twenty years. The data available to us do not support the idea that the breakup of the traditional family, the advent of massive rural- urban migratory flows, and the disruptions produced by rapid urbanization and industrialization leads inevitably to increases in female headship. Female headship does increase by a small amount in three countries but declines or remains invariant everywhere else. We find remarkable similarities across countries in the age-patterns of female headship as well as in the compositional factors accounting for it, namely, marital status, education, poverty and urban-rual residence.
Parental Attitudes Toward Their Parenting Styles and Children’s Competence in Families Whose Children are Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Carriers in Guangzhou China
Authors: Lai Alice Cheng , Salili Farideh
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the study was to examine the hypothesis that the differences of parental attitudes toward their HBV and healthy children would affect their reports on their parenting styles and their HBV and healthy children’s competence development. Ninty Chinese parents and their Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and healthy children participated in this study. These families resided in the city of Guangzhou.

The study was divided into two parts, the first part was the focus groups interviews, mother subjects were interviewed in the focus groups to discuss their attitudes toward their HBV and healthy children, then they were asked to report their parenting styles and their children’s competence in two standardized scales. The findings of this study had indicated that mothers of non-school HBV children were experiencing the most stressful situation because of social discrimination, compared with the mothers of HBV children who attended the special health kindergarten or ordinary mothers. The quality of mother-child interaction, and their satisfaction with their HBV children’s performance were also affected. However, mothers’ reports on theirparenting styles and children’s competence were not different significantly among the groups. Mothers who were short of knowledge and who held false concepts about HBV werealso the main reasons forrejection of HBV children in general.
Living Arrangements of Older Parents in Korea
Authors: Won Young-Hee , Lee Gary R.
Published: April 2019

This study examines the probability of coresidence with a married child among a sample of 291 elderly Korean parents. The primary objective was to ascertain whether hypotheses derived from studies in the United States also generate support in Korea, with its very different normative system. Most hypotheses are supported: the most dependent elders (older, less educated, less wealthy, unmarried) are most likely to live with married children. However, unlike the situation in the United States, parental health is positively related to coresidence. In addition, holding stronger familistic norms is positively related to coresidence, but this variable does not alter the effects of dependency indicators on coresidence. Implications for cultural change in Korea are discussed.
Cross-National Marriage in Sweden: Immigration and Assimilation 1971-1993
Authors: Cretser Gary A.
Published: April 2019

Sweden, once considered a nation of emigration, has experienced a great deal of immigration and is now a multi-ethnic state. National data on marriages performed in Sweden between 1971 and 1993 are examined to analyze the rates and patterns of cross-national unions. Comparisons are made between Swedish men and women in their tendency to intermarry with particular nationalities over time. These intermarriage trends and patterns are discussed in relation to data on immigration to Sweden during approximately the same period. Findings show there has been a substantial increase in cross-national marriage in Sweden. When Swedes marry someone of another nationality it is most often a Finn and Swedish women more frequently than men marry non-Nordic spouses. The relative number of immigrants to Sweden from particular origin countries and their sex ratio is predictive of which nationality and gender are likely to intermarry with Swedes. These findings are considered from marriage market and assimilation perspectives.
The Transition to Motherhood of Korean Women
Authors: Lee Sookhyun C. , Keith Pat M.
Published: April 2019

This research examines the effect of the birth of a child on couple relationships and compares the transition to motherhood of employed and non-employed Korean women. Data are analyzed from indepth interviews with 20 employed and 20 non-employed women in Korea. Preparation for motherhood, difficulties and satisfactions, changes in the marital relationship, support from others, and attitudes toward child rearing are considered by employment status. Perhaps because of considerable family support, employed women did not experience severe difficulties in adapting to the new role. Indeed, extensive family support may interfere with fathers’ participation in child care. Suggestions for policy changes are noted.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in High School Students’ Academic Performance: Understanding the Interweave of Social Class and Ethnicity in the Family Context
Authors: Blair Sampson Lee , Blai Marilou C. Legazpi , Madamba Anna B.
Published: April 2019

While previous researchers have noted differences in the educational performance of minority students as a function of differences in family structure (e.g., single parent status) and socioeconomic level (c.g., family income), relatively little attention has been focused on the issue of ethnicity and educational performance. Using data from the 1988 and 1990 waves of the National Educational Longitudinal Study, this study posits that culture-based distinctions across ethnic groups may also affect the academic success of minority students. In a relative comparison, social class-based characteristics are shown to be the best predictors of educational performance among minority students, yet several culture-based traits arc also shown to be significantly associated with students’ academic performance. The implications of these findings for educators and policy-makers are discussed.
Ethnically Heterogamous Marriages: The Case of Asian Canadians
Authors: Tzeng Jessie M.
Published: April 2019

Using the Family Public Use Microdata Sample file (PUMS-F) of the 1981 (1%) and 1991 (3%) Censuses of Canada, this paper examines patterns and changes in propensities to intermarry for Asians in Canada from 1981 to 1991. A logistic response model is used to explore the relative importance of couples individual characteristics and socioeconomic status on intermarriage. An upward trend of Asian intermarriage in the past two decades was not evident in the Canadian data. Multivariate analyses suggest the individual’s achieved socioeconomic characteristics have become more critical in the process of interracial assortative mating over time. More specifically, educational and employment heterogamous couples are more likely to be intermarried, especially when the wife’s achievement exceeds that of the husband’s.
Women without Children: A Contradiction in Terms?
Authors: Hird Myra J. , Abshoff Kimberly
Published: April 2019

Whilst the ideological construction of families has undergone significant change from pre-modernity to modernity, children remain an essential feature. This paper considers the relationship between families, feminist theory and voluntarily childless women. It is primarily concerned to explore women’s experiences as non-sexually reproductive within a cultural context that continues to emphasise femininity based on sexual reproduction, and families defined by the presence of children. In recent decades, remaining childless has emerged as a trend amongst Western women, understood within the broader context of changes in women’s political, economic and social status. The paper aims to argue that whilst second-wave feminism has championed these changes in women’s status, it nevertheless sustains a cultural definition of woman’ based on sexual reproduction. As such, feminist theory continues to regard childless women as dysfunctional. The paper concludes by exploring the effectiveness of recent challenges from postmodern feminism to subvert women’s association with sexual reproduction, and extend the notion of families to include individuals without children.
The Hutterite Family in Transition
Authors: Ingoldsby Bron B.
Published: April 2019

This article provides an updated review of the literature of family life among the Hutterian Brethren. Recent research indicates that there are significant changes occurring in this normally static group. In particular, a shift from community to family as the center of Hutterite life and decision making is noted. This appears to be mainly due to greater affection and equality in marriage, as well as greater societal influence in dating and fertility practices. Each area of the family life cycle-kinship, earl y childhood, the school years, adolescence, marriage, fertility, and later life-are all examined. Discuss ion of how the Hutterites may be focusing on more outward manifestations of their religion to balance out these deeper changes is included.
Contesting the Rhetoric of ‘Black Family Breakdown’ from Barbados
Authors: Barrow Christine
Published: April 2019

The paper contests the persistent rhetoric of “black family breakdown”, defined in contemporary Barbadian discourse as the fragmentation of both the Afro-Caribbean extended family, and also the Euro-centred nuclear unit based on marriage and co-residence which has been consistently and for generations promoted as the model to which the black population should aspire.

Separating myth from reality on selected issues which are highlighted as evidence of “family breakdown”, namely child discipline and abuse, adolescent sexuality and pregnancy, divorce and the so-called “abandonment” of the elderly, the paper recommends a greater appreciation of family structure and change as a process of reconfiguration in alternative ideological and cultural patterns within the historical and socioeconomic environment of Barbados, and the rejection of the deficit model of black families in social and moral crisis.
Perceived Attitudes Towards Romanticism; A Cross-cultural Study of American, Asian-Indian, and Turkish Young Adults
Authors: Medora Nilufer P. , Larson Jeffry H. , Hortaçsu Nuran , Dave Parul
Published: April 2019

The Knox & Sporakowski attitudes toward romantic love scale, a list of 13 desired qualities in a prospective partner, and a demographic questionnaire were distributed to a total of 641 young adults at three international universities in America, Turkey, and India. The sample consisted of 200 American young adults in Western U.S., 223 Turkish college students in Central Turkey, and 218 Indian young adults enrolled at a university in Western India to determine their perceived attitudes toward romanticism. The second objective was to investigate whether age, gender, and parents’ marital status were related to romanticism. A third objective was to examine cultural differences in the American and Turkish respondents’ attitudes about preferred qualities in a potential mate. Results showed that the American young adults were most romantic, followed by the Turkish students, and Indians had the lowest romanticism score. Female college students in all three cultures were significantly more romantic than males. Age and parents’ marital status were not related to romanticism. Cultural differences were found in conjunction to desired qualities in a prospective partner. American and Turkish young adults differed significantly in their attitudes toward the following attributes: having similar political ideologies, being well educated, being affectionate, having a good job, having similar interests, and not having a prior marriage. Gender differences were also found with regard to desired qualities in a potential partner. Males and females differed significantly in their rankings of having a good job, being physically attractive, having similar political ideologies, being well educated, and not having a prior marriage. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
Factors Associated with Marriage and Family Formation Processes in Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Ezra Markos
Published: April 2019

Using data from the 1997 Community and Family Survey conducted in Southern Ethiopia, we analyzed the factors associated with marriage arrangements and family formation patterns and tried to investigate their relationship with some cultural and socioeconomic attributes. Specifically, determinants of, and differentials in, the pattern of entry into marriage, stability of first marriages, mate selection criteria for daughters, and factors associated with polygamous marriages in five different ethnic groups are the focus of the paper. 1,931 ever-married women were included in the analysis. Of these, 62% were married before age 18; about 15% were not in their first marriages at the time of the survey; and more than 27% of the currently married women were living in polygamous marriage arrangements. Differentials in patterns of marriage by ethnic group are not that obvious and are at times inconsistent. Dissolution of first marriage is strongly associated with factors such as: early age at first marriage, extended family structure, and household’s poor economic status. Polygamous marriages are found to be strongly associated with household’s economic status or religious affiliation.
Women’s Socioeconomic Characteristics and Marital Patterns in a Rapidly Developing Muslim Society, Kuwait
Authors: Shah Nasra M.
Published: April 2019

Concomitant with rapid socioeconomic development female marriage patterns have undergone dramatic changes in the last three to four decades. Census data indicate that the proportion of single women in the population doubled, from 16% to 31%, between 1965 and 2000. The singulate mean age marriage increased from 18.9 to 25.5 years. In a nationally representative household survey conducted by the author in 1999 the mean age at marriage was found to be 20 years. About 91% of ever-married women were currently in a marital union; among the widowed and divorced re-marriage was fairly low. About 5% women reported to be in a polygynous union. A steep inverse association was found between educational attainment and polygyny. The percent of women in a consanguineous union declined from 53% in 1987 to 35% in 1999 which to some extent is a result of sampling differences associated with a change in definition of Kuwaiti nationals. Consanguineous marriage was positively associated with young age at mairiage, rural and low-income residence, Bedouin status, and lack of participation in economic activity before marriage. Age at marriage had a significant, positive association with women’s educational level and their participation in the workforce prior to marriage, and marriage with a relative was associated with younger age at marriage. Thus, women’s educational progress and their participation in wage work outside the house has been associated with massive changes in marital patterns and probably a partial convergence towards the conjugal family foreseen by Goode.