bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Middle-Upper Miocene stratigraphy of the Taman Peninsula, Eastern Paratethys
Authors: Radionova Eleonora , Golovina Larisa , Filippova Natalia , Trubikhin Valery , Popov Sergey , Goncharova Irina , Vernigorova Yulia , Pinchuk Tatiana
Published: March 2012

The stratigraphy of the Taman Peninsula is defined using the sections at Zelensky Hill — Panagia, Popov Kamen, Taman and Zheleznyi Rog. The stratigraphy is constructed from distribution of mollusks, foraminifers, nannofossils, diatoms, and organic-walled phytoplankton, as well as incorporating paleomagnetic data. The occurrence of oceanic diatom species in the Middle-Upper Sarmatian, Maeotian and Lower Pontian makes a direct correlation possible between the sections studied, the Mediterranean basin and oceanic zonation. The new data on planktonic and benthic biotic groups suggests a pulsating connection of the Eastern Paratethys with the open marine basins, especially during transitional intervals within constant environments. Comprehensive studies of the Chokrakian-Kimmerian microbiota provide evidence for several levels of marine microbiotic associations that are related to short-term marine invasions. The biotic and paleomagnetic data of the Taman Peninsula sections give a more comprehensive, but sometimes a controversial picture on the Eastern Paratethys history and the nature of its relationship with the adjacent marine basins.
Optimization of Fluorine Plasma Treatment for Interface Improvement on HfO2/In0.53Ga0.47As MOSFETs
Authors: Chen Yen-Ting , Wang Yanzhen , Xue Fei , Zhou Fei , Lee Jack C.
Published: March 2012

This paper reports significant improvements in the electrical performance of In0.53Ga0.47As metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET) by a post-gate CF4/O2 plasma treatment. The optimum condition of CF4/O2 plasma treatment has been systematically studied and found to be 30 W for 3–5 min. Approximately 5× reduction in interface trap density from 2.8 × 1012 to 4.9 × 1011 cm−2eV−1 has been demonstrated with fluorine (F) incorporation. Subthreshold swing has been improved from 127 to 109 mV/dec. Effective channel mobility has been enhanced from 826 to 1,144 cm2/Vs.
Combining Geostatistics with Moran’s I Analysis for Mapping Soil Heavy Metals in Beijing, China
Authors: Huo Xiao-Ni , Li Hong , Sun Dan-Feng , Zhou Lian-Di , Li Bao-Guo
Published: March 2012

Production of high quality interpolation maps of heavy metals is important for risk assessment of environmental pollution. In this paper, the spatial correlation characteristics information obtained from Moran’s I analysis was used to supplement the traditional geostatistics. According to Moran’s I analysis, four characteristics distances were obtained and used as the active lag distance to calculate the semivariance. Validation of the optimality of semivariance demonstrated that using the two distances where the Moran’s I and the standardized Moran’s I, Z(I) reached a maximum as the active lag distance can improve the fitting accuracy of semivariance. Then, spatial interpolation was produced based on the two distances and their nested model. The comparative analysis of estimation accuracy and the measured and predicted pollution status showed that the method combining geostatistics with Moran’s I analysis was better than traditional geostatistics. Thus, Moran’s I analysis is a useful complement for geostatistics to improve the spatial interpolation accuracy of heavy metals.
The Intriguing Life of Autophagosomes
Authors: Mijaljica Dalibor , Prescott Mark , Devenish Rodney J.
Published: March 2012

Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles characteristic of macroautophagy, a degradative pathway for cytoplasmic material and organelles terminating in the lysosomal or vacuole compartment for mammals and yeast, respectively. This highly dynamic, multi-step process requires significant membrane reorganization events at different stages of the macroautophagic process. Such events include exchange and flow of lipids and proteins between membranes and vesicles (e.g., during initiation and growth of the phagophore), vesicular positioning and trafficking within the cell (e.g., autophagosome location and movement) and fusion of autophagosomes with the boundary membranes of the degradative compartment. Here, we review current knowledge on the contribution of different organelles to the formation of autophagosomes, their trafficking and fate within the cell. We will consider some of the unresolved questions related to the molecular mechanisms that regulate the “life and death” of the autophagosome.
Study of Direct-Contact HfO2/Si Interfaces
Authors: Miyata Noriyuki
Published: March 2012

Controlling monolayer Si oxide at the HfO2/Si interface is a challenging issue in scaling the equivalent oxide thickness of HfO2/Si gate stack structures. A concept that the author proposes to control the Si oxide interface by using ultra-high vacuum electron-beam HfO2 deposition is described in this review paper, which enables the so-called direct-contact HfO2/Si structures to be prepared. The electrical characteristics of the HfO2/Si metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors are reviewed, which suggest a sufficiently low interface state density for the operation of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) but reveal the formation of an unexpected strong interface dipole. Kelvin probe measurements of the HfO2/Si structures provide obvious evidence for the formation of dipoles at the HfO2/Si interfaces. The author proposes that one-monolayer Si-O bonds at the HfO2/Si interface naturally lead to a large potential difference, mainly due to the large dielectric constant of the HfO2. Dipole scattering is demonstrated to not be a major concern in the channel mobility of MOSFETs.
Enrichment and Purification of Deoxyschizandrin and γ-Schizandrin from the Extract of Schisandra chinensis Fruit by Macroporous Resins
Authors: Yang Feng-Jian , Ma Chun-Hui , Yang Lei , Zhao Chun-Jian , Zhang Ying , Zu Yuan-Gang
Published: March 2012

In present study, the performance and separation characteristics of 21 macroporous resins for the enrichment and purification of deoxyschizandrin and γ-schizandrin, the two major lignans from Schisandra chinensis extracts, were evaluated. According to our results, HPD5000, which adsorbs by the molecular tiers model, was the best macroporous resin, offering higher adsorption and desorption capacities and higher adsorption speed for deoxyschizandrin and γ-schizandrin than other resins. Columns packed with HPD5000 resin were used to perform dynamic adsorption and desorption tests to optimize the technical parameters of the separation process. The results showed that the best adsorption time is 4 h, the rate of adsorption is 0.85 mL/min (4 BV/h) and the rate of desorption is 0.43 mL/min (2 BV/h). After elution with 90% ethanol, the purity of deoxy-schizandrin increased 12.62-fold from 0.37% to 4.67%, the purity of γ-schizandrin increased 15.8-fold from 0.65% to 10.27%, and the recovery rate was more than 80%.
Ocean Bottom Seismometer: Design and Test of a Measurement System for Marine Seismology
Authors: Mànuel Antoni , Roset Xavier , Rio Joaquin Del , Toma Daniel Mihai , Carreras Normandino , Panahi Shahram Shariat , Garcia-Benadí A. , Owen Tim , Cadena Javier
Published: March 2012

The Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) is a key instrument for the geophysical study of sea sub-bottom layers. At present, more reliable autonomous instruments capable of recording underwater for long periods of time and therefore handling large data storage are needed. This paper presents a new Ocean Bottom Seismometer designed to be used in long duration seismic surveys. Power consumption and noise level of the acquisition system are the key points to optimize the autonomy and the data quality. To achieve our goals, a new low power data logger with high resolution and Signal–to-Noise Ratio (SNR) based on Compact Flash memory card is designed to enable continuous data acquisition. The equipment represents the achievement of joint work from different scientific and technological disciplines as electronics, mechanics, acoustics, communications, information technology, marine geophysics, etc. This easy to handle and sophisticated equipment allows the recording of useful controlled source and passive seismic data, as well as other time varying data, with multiple applications in marine environment research. We have been working on a series of prototypes for ten years to improve many of the aspects that make the equipment easy to handle and useful to work in deep-water areas. Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) have received growing attention from the geoscience community during the last forty years. OBS sensors recording motion of the ocean floor hold key information in order to study offshore seismicity and to explore the Earth’s crust. In a seismic survey, a series of OBSs are placed on the seabed of the area under study, where they record either natural seismic activity or acoustic signals generated by compressed air-guns on the ocean surface. The resulting data sets are subsequently used to model both the earthquake locations and the crustal structure.
Design and Testing of a Multi-Sensor Pedestrian Location and Navigation Platform
Authors: Morrison Aiden , Renaudin Valérie , Bancroft Jared B. , Lachapelle Gérard
Published: March 2012

avigation and location technologies are continually advancing, allowing ever higher accuracies and operation under ever more challenging conditions. The development of such technologies requires the rapid evaluation of a large number of sensors and related utilization strategies. The integration of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) with accelerometers, gyros, barometers, magnetometers and other sensors is allowing for novel applications, but is hindered by the difficulties to test and compare integrated solutions using multiple sensor sets. In order to achieve compatibility and flexibility in terms of multiple sensors, an advanced adaptable platform is required. This paper describes the design and testing of the NavCube, a multi-sensor navigation, location and timing platform. The system provides a research tool for pedestrian navigation, location and body motion analysis in an unobtrusive form factor that enables in situ data collections with minimal gait and posture impact. Testing and examples of applications of the NavCube are provided.
Surface functionalization of aluminosilicate nanotubes with organic molecules
Authors: Ma Wei , Yah Weng On , Otsuka Hideyuki , Takahara Atsushi
Published: March 2012

The surface functionalization of inorganic nanostructures is an effective approach for enriching the potential applications of existing nanomaterials. Inorganic nanotubes attract great research interest due to their one-dimensional structure and reactive surfaces. In this review paper, recent developments in surface functionalization of an aluminosilicate nanotube, “imogolite”, are introduced. The functionalization processes are based on the robust affinity between phosphate groups of organic molecules and the aluminol (AlOH) surface of imogolite nanotubes. An aqueous modification process employing a water soluble ammonium salt of alkyl phosphate led to chemisorption of molecules on imogolite at the nanotube level. Polymer-chain-grafted imogolite nanotubes were prepared through surface-initiated polymerization. In addition, the assembly of conjugated molecules, 2-(5’’-hexyl-2,2’:5’,2’’-terthiophen-5-yl)ethylphosphonic acid (HT3P) and 2-(5’’-hexyl-2,2’:5’,2’’-terthiophen-5-yl)ethylphosphonic acid 1,1-dioxide (HT3OP), on the imogolite nanotube surface was achieved by introducing a phosphonic acid group to the corresponding molecules. The optical and photophysical properties of these conjugated-molecule-decorated imogolite nanotubes were characterized. Moreover, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) chains were further hybridized with HT3P modified imogolite to form a nanofiber hybrid.
Executive coaching in diversity from the systems psychodynamic perspective
Authors: Motsoaledi Lerato , Cilliers Frans
Published: March 2012

Orientation: The researcher applied role analysis from the systems psychodynamic perspective to executives in state departments to improve their awareness of the unconscious diversity dynamics that affect their roles.Research purpose: The purpose of this research was to describe the application of systems psychodynamic role analysis and to determine its trustworthiness in assisting executives to work effectively with conscious and unconscious diversity dynamics in their organisations.Motivation for the study: Executives generally struggle to understand the deeper meaning of diversity behaviour that manifests inside and around them, leading to conflict. Without understanding the unconscious meaning of the behaviour, organisations founder easily. Awareness of below-the-surface behaviour leads to insight and taking responsibility for diversity-related behaviours.Research design, approach and method: The researcher coached six executives in South African state departments over a period of 10 months. The coaching addressed and analysed the executives’ organisational roles. She analysed the data using discourse analysis.Main findings: Themes relating to the diversity dynamics of gender, race, ethnicity, authority, disability, language, age, de-authorisation of diversity work and the coaching process emerged. The coaching assisted the executives to gain insights into below-the-surface diversity dynamics, to address diversity in a sustained manner and to take up their organisational roles more effectively.Practical/managerial implications: Coached executives will have a more objective and dynamic experience of diversity issues that manifest in organisations, between colleagues and within themselves.Contribution/value-add: Executive coaching from a systems psychodynamic perspective displays trustworthiness in improving participants’ diversity awareness, especially with regard to gender, race, ethnicity and authorisation.
Humour as defence against the anxiety manifesting in diversity experiences
Authors: Coetzee Olga , Cilliers Frans
Published: March 2012

Orientation: Using humour in diversity contexts may relieve tension temporarily, but it happens at the expense of someone and indicates a defence against an unconscious anxiety dynamic.Research purpose: The purpose of this research was to describe the manifestation of humour as a defence mechanism against diversity anxiety.Motivation for the research: In working with diversity dynamics in South African organisations, consultants and participants often do not take humour seriously, let alone interpret the accompanying dynamic aspects. Working below the surface with humour may elicit much more and typical diversity dynamics worth investigating.Research design, approach and method: The research design was qualitative and descriptive, using multiple case studies and content analysis.Main findings: Humour is used as a defence against the anxiety experienced in diversity contexts caused by fear of the unknown within the self and the projection of the fear onto another identity group.Practical/managerial application: Diversity consultations interpreting humour as defence mechanism can provide added opportunities for exploring dynamics below the surface.Contribution/value-add: Deeper understanding of the unconscious dynamics of diversity humour could lead to meaningful interventions in organisations.
Framework of communication needed to protect against human rights violations of individuals who exercise their right to religious freedom in minority religions
Authors: Pretorius Stephanus P.
Published: March 2012

The right to religious freedom is generally believed to be the solution to religious intolerance and discrimination and to ensure world peace amongst world citizens. On an international level, the United Nations, through the appointment of a special rapporteur for freedom of religion and belief, has introduced a tool to monitor violations of this right. This tool is known as �the framework of communications� and is focused mainly on the relationship between governments and religions. Unfortunately, religion is not excluded from the violation of human rights within its own ranks. This article pointed out that however pure the intention of freedom of religion, no real measures are in place to address violations of human rights in minority religions. Therefore, a tool is needed to investigate and address alleged violations within minority religions.
Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery Pseudoaneurysm as a Complication of Paracentesis
Authors: Satija Bhawna , Kumar Sanyal , Duggal Ramnik K. , Kohli Supreethi
Published: March 2012

We report a case of a pseudoaneurysm arising from the deep circumflex iliac artery, in an end-stage renal disease patient with gross ascitis, presenting with an anterior abdominal wall hematoma following paracentesis. Duplex Doppler sonography confirmed the presence of the pseudoaneurysm and multidetector computed tomography angiography delineated the detailed arterial anatomy.
Asymptomatic Thymic Cyst Appearing in the Neck on Valsalva: Unusual Presentation of a Rare Disease
Authors: Hegde Kishor V. , Suneetha P. , Pradeep P. V. , Kumar Panil
Published: March 2012

Thymic cysts are usually diagnosed accidentally during radiological evaluation of the chest for unrelated conditions. Symptoms appear late when the mass compresses on adjoining tissues. We report an unusual case of asymptomatic mediastinal thymic cyst which was seen in the neck whenever the patient was asked to perform Valsalva maneuver. This case is being reported for the unusual clinical presentation of a rare disease. The role of imaging in the diagnosis and common differential diagnoses are also discussed.
Photo-oxidation of pinonaldehyde at low NOx: from chemistry to organic aerosol formation
Authors: Chacon-Madrid H. J. , Henry K. M. , Donahue N. M.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Pinonaldehyde oxidation by OH radicals under low-NOx conditions produces significant secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields. Under concurrent UV illumination, mass yields are lower than high-NOx yields published earlier by our group. However, when OH radicals are produced via dark ozonolysis the SOA mass yields are comparable at high and low NOx. Because pinonaldehyde is a major first-generation gas-phase product of α-pinene oxidation by either ozone or OH radicals, its potential to form SOA serves as a molecular counterpoint to bulk SOA aging experiments involving SOA formed from α-pinene. Both the general tendency for aging reactions to produce more SOA and the sensitivity of the low-NOx products to UV photolysis observed in the bulk clearly occur for this single species as well. Photochemical oxidation of pinonaldehye and analogous first-generation terpene oxidation products are potentially a significant source of additional SOA in biogenically influenced air masses.
Assessment of diverse algorithms applied on MODIS Aqua and Terra data over land surfaces in Europe
Authors: Glantz P. , Tesche M.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. The aim of the present study is to validate AOT (aerosol optical thickness) and Ångström exponent (α), obtained with the SAER (Satellite AErosol Retrieval) algorithm for MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Aqua and Terra calibrated level 1 data (1 km horizontal resolution at ground) and MODIS Collection 5 (c005) standard product retrievals (10 km), against AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) observations over land surfaces in Europe. The three time periods investigated in this study have been chosen to enable a validation of the algorithm for a maximal possible variation in sun elevations. For several of the cases analyzed here the Aqua and Terra satellites passed the investigation area twice during a day. Thus, beside a variation in the sun elevation the satellite retrievals have also on a daily basis been performed with a significant variation in the satellite-viewing geometry. An inter-comparison of the two algorithms has also been performed. The validation with AERONET shows that the MODIS c005 retrieved AOT is, for the wavelengths 0.469 and 0.500 nm, on the whole within the expected uncertainty for one standard deviation of the MODIS c005 retrievals over Europe (Δ AOT = ±0.05±0.15 AOT). The SAER estimated AOT for the wavelength 0.443 nm also agree reasonable well with AERONET. Thus, the majority of the SAER AOT values are within the MODIS expected uncertainty range, although somewhat larger root mean square deviation occurs compared to the results obtained with the MODIS c005 algorithm. The discrepancy between SAER and AERONET AOT is, however, substantially larger for the wavelength 488 nm, which means that the values are to a large extent outside of the expected MODIS uncertainty range. Both satellite retrieval algorithms are unable to estimate α accurately, although the MODIS c005 algorithm performs better. Based on the inter-comparison of the SAER and MODIS c005 algorithms it was found that the SAER is able to obtain results within the expected uncertainty range of MODIS for Aqua and Terra observations during periods 1 and 3. The same was found for MODIS Aqua observations during period 2 but only for AOT below 0.5.
Innovation management as the management of a heterogeneous and structured ecosystem
Authors:   Corona S.A. (Colombia). Carretera 48 nº 72 Sur-01 Sabaneta (Antioquía – Colombia). jfarangol@corona.com.co, Arango Londoño Juan Fernando ,   jfarangol@gmail.com.co
Published: March 2012

This paper deals with innovation management as an evolutionary process that take place in a heterogeneous and structured ecosystem. This allows understand Innovation Management as the management of the interactions in a particular ecosystem that is wanted to change. First, theoretical fundamentals for an evolutionary model are presented. Then, an example is given to illustrate the variation of an ecosystem as a function of learning, performance, interests, beliefs and values of the agents. The example also shows agents restrictive action frame when it is wanted to innovate on an "earthquake resistant buildings device" and, also, it identifies the mayor interactions to be managed when a new earthquake resistant device is introduced into that ecosystem.
Innovation and Economic Growth: Factors that Encourages Innovation
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha,Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales. Ronda de Toledo, s/n 13071 Ciudad Real. mgalindomar@orange.es, Galindo Martín Miguel-Ángel , Ribeiro Domingo ,   Facultad de Economía de la Universitat de València. Edificio Departamental Oriental. Campus de los Naranjos. 46022 València, Méndez Picazo María Teresa ,   Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales. Departamento de Economía Financiera y Contabilidad II. Campus de Somosaguas. 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)
Published: March 2012

The goal of this paper is to analyze the role played by innovations on economic activity. In this sense, the relationship between innovation and economic growth is studied, being economic growth the current main objective of economic policy to reduce unemployment and to increase social welfare. To carry out this analysis we base on Schumpeter's model, playing entrepreneurship and social climate an important role in the process. The empirical analysis an innovations equation for the case of 11 developed countries is included, showing that the social climate, represented by the training and income distribution, and monetary policy, represented by money supply, stimulate innovations.
Technology Outlook as a tool for the management of innovation
Authors:   Centre for Innovation, Research and Competence in the Learning Economy (CIRCLE), Lund University, P.O. Box 117, SE-22100, Lund (Sweden). Jon_mikel.zabala@circle.lu.se, Zabala-Iturriagagoitia Jon Mikel
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this paper is to present a theoretical overview of innovation management and the tools that can aid in this endeavour. The paper adopts a user-oriented description, aiming at making SMEs familiar with the possibilities opened by innovation management tools in general and technology outlook in particular. The goal of technology outlook is to search, interpret and evaluate information on technological developments in the areas of interest for the company. The process is divided into three general stages: observe, analyze and use. The paper explores all dimensions included in these stages together with the requirements for their implementation in the context of SMEs. In addition we also introduce the roles required for such a process to systematically work: observers, analysts and decision makers. These roles correspond to the previous three stages, so observers are involved during the first step, analysts are related to the second phase and decision makers to the final exploitation. The paper closes by raising some concerns as to why innovation management tools in general and technology outlook in particular are underused in the context of SMEs. The author concludes that if SMEs are to increase their innovative potential, this challenge will be to a great extent dependent on their ability to introduce innovation management routines and tools aligned with their general strategies.
Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Venography in the Assessment of Dysfunction of Tunneled Hemodialysis Central Vein Catheters
Authors: Cui Tianlei , Li Zhenlin , Yang Yingying , Zeng Xiaoxi , Zhou Li , Jin Lizhu , Su Baihai , Tao Ye , Fu Ping
Published: March 2012

Purpose

To assess the value of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography Venography (MDCTV) in the assessment of tunneled hemodialysis central vein catheters (CVCs) dysfunction.

Methods

Twenty-five patients who had tunneled CVC dysfunction without abnormality found by x-ray and ultrasound were enrolled. Anti-platelet agents, anticoagulants, and thrombolytic therapy with urokinase failed to resume normal catheter function. MDCTV was performed to observe the position of catheters and to detect central venous stenosis, thrombosis, and fibrin sheath formation. Correct intervention was given according to MDCTV results.

Results

MDCTV revealed that the catheter was malpositioned in 10 cases; there were five cases of central venous stenosis, four cases of central venous thrombosis, one case of fibrin sheath formation, and the other five had no abnormalities found. Blood flow on hemodialysis had reached over 300 mL/min after correct intervention.

Conclusions

MDCTV provided a new possible way to assess dysfunction of tunneled hemodialysis central venous catheters.
An Inexpensive Route to Synthesize High-Purity CrO2 for EMI Shielding in X-Band Frequencies
Authors: Verma Vivek , Ahmad Shahab , Dar Abdullah , Kotnala R.
Published: March 2012

Rod-shaped high-purity samples of CrO2 have been synthesized by an inexpensive and simplified procedure. Here, we have prepared pure CrO2 without applying any external pressure or control it during synthesis. The sample prepared exhibited an improvement in saturation magnetization values, 68 emu/g at 300 K, 136 emu/g at 80 K, and uniform grained microstructure. The complex permittivity, permeability, and microwave absorption properties of high-purity CrO2 sample were investigated in the 8.2–12.2 GHz (X-band) microwave frequency range. Microwave measurements have shown the high shielding effectiveness due to absorption (SEA) of 20.3 dB. The high value of SEA suggests that CrO2 can be used as a promising electromagnetic shielding, EMI, material in 8.2–12.2 GHz (X-band) microwave frequency range.
As representações de São Francisco (Califórnia): um porto portátil na frágil geografia do Pacífico Norte
Authors: Albert Salvador Bernabéu , García Redondo José María
Published: March 2012

A baía de São Francisco apareceu pela primeira vez em crônicas e cartas de navegação dois séculos antes de ser oficialmente descoberta. A notícia da existência de um grande abrigo ao norte da Nova Espanha incentivou diversas expedições e trouxe de volta imagens míticas na literatura e na cartografia. Este misterioso enclave onde os mapas deslizavam furtivamente foi procurado sem sucesso por vários marinheiros. Avanços sistemáticos para assumir o controle do Pacífico durante o período conhecido como Iluminismo dissiparam a obscuridade a que o território havia sido submetido e lançaram luz sobre o porto há tanto tempo escondido. As expedições do século XVIII finalmente baniram a última fronteira do Novo Grande Norte espanhol e a partir desse período foi criada uma imagem de São Francisco que superou sua própria lenda.
Etnogênese nas fronteiras entre Brasil, Suriname e Guiana Francesa, séculos XVII-XX: mais abordagens
Authors: Gomes Flávio
Published: March 2012

Neste artigo voltamos a analisar os processos históricos de transformações étnicas e etnogênese nas fronteiras amazônicas, especialmente entre Brasil, Suriname e Guiana Francesa. Com registros de documentação colonial e pós-colonial, do século XVII ao XX, é possível abordar os movimentos migratórios de diferentes grupos étnicos – alguns deles indígenas, africanos, seus descendentes e outros setores coloniais – em áreas de fronteira, considerando suas conexões culturais. Diferentes narrativas e imagens emergem sobre a formação desses grupos e suas funções em áreas de fronteira e disputas territoriais transnacionais.
Territorialidade indígena e políticas oficiais de colonização: os casos de Azul e Tapalqué na fronteira sul de Buenos Aires (século XIX)
Authors: Lanteri Sol , Ratto Silvia , Jong Ingrid de , Pedrotta Victoria
Published: March 2012

O objetivo do trabalho é realizar uma primeira análise conjunta das políticas de colonização terrestre e fronteiriça realizadas pelos governos da província -e posteriormente do Estado- de Buenos Aires, no que diz respeito aos colonos crioulos e indígenas que se estabeleceram no campanha de Buenos Aires. A atenção está voltada para o extremo sul da província, na região de Azul e Tapalqué, onde convergiram duas peculiaridades: a entrega de extensões médias de terra aos colonos crioulos e uma concentração populacional indígena que superava em muito o número de vizinhos “brancos”. ”. Resgata-se a importância da territorialidade indígena e camponesa na implementação das medidas oficiais de expansão da fronteira, no marco da consolidação da soberania estatal e da articulação produtiva para o mercado externo. Destacam-se também as mudanças e continuidades desde o início da colonização regional no início do século XIX, até a unificação do Estado no final do referido século.
O mercado de terras, a circulação da propriedade e o latifúndio em um espaço do pampa argentino na segunda metade do século XIX
Authors: Tognetti Luis Alberto
Published: March 2012

O artigo analisa a consolidação da propriedade privada e do mercado fundiário através da compra e venda de propriedades rurais no departamento de Río Cuarto na província de Córdoba entre 1860 e 1880. O estudo foi realizado em torno de duas variáveis: número de operações e negociação superfícies. A análise quantitativa de ambos permitiu determinar suas principais tendências, os aspectos que se manifestaram entre os vendedores e os compradores da terra e as modificações que ocorreram na distribuição da terra. O trabalho mostra que em um novo contexto jurídico, o caráter de patrimônio líquido da terra foi fortalecido, manifestando-se no aumento da circulação da propriedade. Da mesma forma, está comprovado que a crescente negociação de imóveis no mercado foi um caminho para a formação do latifúndio.
A homossexualidade e a historiografia e trajetória do movimento homossexual
Authors: Molina Luana Pagano Peres
Published: March 2012

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender o desenvolvimento do movimento homossexual no Brasil, para entendermos assim, como este chega à atualidade, com a preocupação de discutir e criar programas que combatam a homofobia, principalmente debatendo questões que envolvam a diversidade sexual.
Associativismos de extrema direita na era pós 11 de setembro
Authors: Tostes Ana Paula
Published: March 2012

Um mapeamento mais preciso das ações de “grupos de ódio”, bem como a sua repressão, passou a ser incluído no tratamento estratégico de atos de terrorismo e de ameaça à segurança nos Estados Unidos nas últimas décadas, na mesma tendência do ocorrido em países europeus em função do crescimento da extrema direita e da xenofobia. Dois marcos cronológicos são fundamentais para compreender mudanças significativas na postura de autoridades norte americanas sobre a ação de “grupos de ódio”, sejam eles supremacistas ou milicianos: os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001 e a eleição de Obama em 2008. Este artigo procura contribuir para o entendimento, tanto da mudança de concepção de “terrorismo”, quanto da identificação de efeitos desta mudança refletidos em novos enquadramentos de crimes de ódio e na classificação e mapeamento das ações de grupos extremistas norte americanos de direita.
O antiterrorismo após o 11/09 como legitimação do novo policiamento global
Authors: Teixeira Júnior Geraldo Alves
Published: March 2012

O artigo aborda o significado da expressão “polícia do mundo”, recorrente entre os críticos do imperialismo americano. A partir da década de 1970, o termo adquire outros significados, pois os Estados Unidos passam a empregar novos procedimentos para exercer seu poder de polícia global no contexto da “guerra contra as drogas”. Desde os atentados de 11 de setembro de 2001, o novo policiamento internacional se tornou mais freqüente e mais agressivo com as chamadas extraordinary renditions na “guerra contra o terror”. De modo geral, busca-se mostrar que o problema do policiamento internacional vai além das análises sistêmicas. Como objetivo específico, pretendese realçar que as práticas aí envolvidas e outrora rejeitadas adquirem legitimidade quando são justificadas pelo discurso do combate ao terrorismo internacional.
Terror: um discurso após o 11 de setembro
Authors: Spivak Gayatri Chakravorty
Published: March 2012

Este artigo é uma reflexão em busca de respostas diante das inquietações e da necessidade de explicar criticamente, por intermédio do conhecimento das humanidades, a guerra estadunidense contra o terrorismo. Apesar da impossibilidade de uma resposta à guerra, não podemos permanecer em silêncio. Assim, duas perguntas precisam ser formuladas: “Quais são algumas das respostas já existentes? E: como responder diante da impossibilidade de oferecer uma resposta?”. A resposta da autora é orientada pelo entendimento de que “a cultura é sua própria explicação” e, a partir daí, ela exercita um olhar de aproximação com o “outro”, para compreender tanto os “atentados suicidas” quanto a guerra contra o terrorismo. As reflexões da autora criticam as explicações estereotipadas formuladas pela direita e pela esquerda nos EUA. Questões de gênero, razão, religião e cultura permeiam sua análise que busca dar lugar às humanidades, às universidades e ao intelectual na tarefa de compreensão do “outro” para então ensaiar uma explicação sobre a guerra.
Classes sociais, identidade e reconhecimento: críticas bourdieusianas a Charles Taylor
Authors: Pontes Nicole Louise Macedo Teles de
Published: March 2012

O presente trabalho analisa o conceito de classes sociais, a partir de uma perspectiva teórica da produção de identidades e coletividades e do papel do sujeito social em obras seminais de Pierre Bourdieu e de Charles Taylor. Em ambos os autores, o conceito de classes sociais aparece atrelado a uma ideia central de sujeito, que perpassa o campo da ação política, definindo temporal e espacialmente as possibilidades objetivas da ação subjetiva. Buscando um diálogo crítico entre esses dois autores, observa-se como o projeto de revisão do conceito de classe social, proposto por Bourdieu, está inscrito num projeto crítico de reconhecimento tanto na sua vertente econômica como sóciocultural.
Bourdieu, um olhar marxista
Authors: Rodrigues Leda Maria de Oliveira
Published: March 2012

Resenha da obra: BURAWOY, Michael. O Marxismo encontra Bourdieu Campinas: Editora da Unicamp, 2010.
Eras em transição: entre o individualismo e a solidariedade
Authors: Roiz Diogo da Silva
Published: March 2012

Resenha.WAAL, F. A era da empatia: lições da natureza para uma sociedade mais gentil. Tradução de Rejane Rubino. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2010, 389p.
O "Inferno” de August Strindberg
Authors: Mhereb Maria Teresa
Published: March 2012

Resenha: STRINDBERG, August. Inferno. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2009.
Segurança e “guerra ao terror”:um balanço da literatura contemporânea sobre a América Latina após 11 de setembro
Authors: Campos Marcelo da Silveira , Koerner Andrei
Published: March 2012

O objetivo deste artigo é revisar e sistematizar parte da bibliografia acadêmica anglosaxã sobre segurança pública e como esta literatura pensa o papel dos EUA na América Latina, no cenário pós 11 de setembro. A conversão da “guerra ao terror” em eixo programático e estruturante das relações bilaterais estabelecidas pelos EUA com os outros países trouxeram modificações no plano da formulação e implementação das políticas de segurança em diversos países do globo. Essas modificações influenciaram a formulação e o modelo das políticas públicas de segurança – sejam as políticas internas adotadas para a sociedade norte-americana, sejam as políticas de segurança dos países que se relacionam (e dos que não se relacionam) com o governo estadunidense. Esta revisão, portanto, analisa os textos produzidos entre os anos de 2001-2010 sobre a temática da assim chamada “guerra ao terror” e América Latina.
Self-reported use of handheld computers: a survey of Nova Scotia pharmacists
Authors: McCallum Alicia , Sketris Ingrid , Rodrigues Glenn , Yung David K. , Hill-Taylor Barbara , Doucette Steve
Published: March 2012

Introduction: With an ever-increasing array of pharmaceutical and biomedical products and literature, health professionals including pharmacists struggle to obtain, evaluate, and apply relevant information. Handheld computers provide pharmacists with mobile access to evidence-informed medical information, decision support tools, and the ability to monitor therapeutic outcomes at the point of care. There is limited literature on the usage of this technology by Canadian pharmacists. The objective of this survey was to determine the scope and nature of handheld computer use by Nova Scotia pharmacists. Method: In 2008, Nova Scotia pharmacists were contacted with a written survey. Descriptive statistics were used to compare users and non-users. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine demographic and pharmacy practice variables that might be associated with pharmacists’ use of handheld computers. Results: The survey was returned by 296 pharmacists (27.7%). Handheld computers were reported to be used by 51% of respondents. Those respondents who have been in practice longer were less likely to adopt handheld computer use (adjusted OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.94–0.99, p = 0.01). Barriers and facilitators to usage were explored. More than two-thirds of pharmacists who had not yet used handheld computers perceived a future value for these devices within their practice. Discussion: Pharmacists are adopting the use of handheld computers. With enhanced clinical practice opportunities for pharmacists including independent prescribing, these tools may offer needed functionality. Further work is required to understand the value of handheld computers as information resources, which may improve the effectiveness and efficiency of patient care.
Toe Tissue Transfer for Reconstruction of Damaged Digits due to Electrical Burns
Authors: Kim Hyung-Do , Hwang So-Min , Lim Kwang-Ryeol , Jung Yong-Hui , Ahn Sung-Min , Song Jennifer K.
Published: March 2012

Background Electrical burns are one of the most devastating types of injuries, and can be characterized by the conduction of electric current through the deeper soft tissue such as vessels, nerves, muscles, and bones. For that reason, the extent of an electric burn is very frequently underestimated on initial impression.

Methods From July 1999 to June 2006, we performed 15 cases of toe tissue transfer for the reconstruction of finger defects caused by electrical burns. We performed preoperative range of motion exercise, early excision, and coverage of the digital defect with toe tissue transfer.

Results We obtained satisfactory results in both functional and aesthetic aspects in all 15 cases without specific complications. Static two-point discrimination results in the transferred toe cases ranged from 8 to 11 mm, with an average of 9.5 mm. The mean range of motion of the transferred toe was 20° to 36° in the distal interphalangeal joint, 16° to 45° in the proximal interphalangeal joint, and 15° to 35° in the metacarpophalangeal joint. All of the patients were relatively satisfied with the function and appearance of their new digits.

Conclusions The strategic management of electrical injury to the hands can be both challenging and complex. Because the optimal surgical method is free tissue transfer, maintenance of vascular integrity among various physiological changes works as a determining factor for the postoperative outcome following the reconstruction.
Fabrication of Stable Cartilage Framework for Microtia in Incomplete Synchondrosis
Authors: Cho Byung Chae , Lee Jung Hun , Choi Kang Young , Yang Jung Dug , Chung Ho Yun
Published: March 2012

The synchondrosis between the sixth and seventh costal cartilage is usually used for the base frame in autogenous ear reconstruction. If the synchondrosis is loose, a variety of modifications can be devised. This report introduces new methods for these problems. In cases of incomplete synchondrosis, only the surface of the base block margin was smoothly tapered without carving for the removal of the conchal deepening. The secure fixation of the two segments (helix and antihelix) to the base block using fine wire sutures gave stability to the unstable basal frame. After confirming that all the segments were assembled in one stable piece, the remaining conchal deepening of the basal framework was removed, and the outer lower portion of the basal cartilage was trimmed along its whole length. A total of 10 consecutive patients with microtia, ranging from 8 to 13 years old, were treated from 2008 to 2009. The follow-up period was 6 months to 2 years. Despite incomplete synchondrosis, the stable frameworks were constructed using the authors' method and aesthetically acceptable results were achieved. The proposed method can provide an easy way to make a stable cartilage framework regardless of the variable conditions of synchondrosis.
Propeller Perforator Flaps in Distal Lower Leg: Evolution and Clinical Applications
Authors: Georgescu Alexandru V.
Published: March 2012

Simple or complex defects in the lower leg, and especially in its distal third, continue to be a challenging task for reconstructive surgeons. A variety of flaps were used in the attempt to achieve excellence in form and function. After a long evolution of the reconstructive methods, including random pattern flaps, axial pattern flaps, musculocutaneous flaps and fasciocutaneous flaps, the reappraisal of the works of Manchot and Salmon by Taylor and Palmer opened the era of perforator flaps. This era began in 1989, when Koshima and Soeda, and separately Kroll and Rosenfield described the first applications of such flaps. Perforator flaps, whether free or pedicled, gained a high popularity due to their main advantages: decreasing donor-site morbidity and improving aesthetic outcome. The use as local perforator flaps in lower leg was possible due to a better understanding of the cutaneous circulation, leg vascular anatomy, angiosome and perforasome concepts, as well as innovations in flaps design. This review will describe the evolution, anatomy, flap design, and technique of the main distally pedicled propeller perforator flaps used in the reconstruction of defects in the distal third of the lower leg and foot.
Triplet Exciton Confinement in Green Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Containing Luminescent Charge‐Transfer Cu(I) Complexes
Authors: Zhang Qisheng , Komino Takeshi , Huang Shuping , Matsunami Shigeyuki , Goushi Kenichi , Adachi Chihaya
Published: March 2012

The temperature dependence of luminescence from [Cu(dnbp)(DPEPhos)]BF4 (dnbp = 2,9‐di‐n‐butylphenanthroline, DPEPhos = bis[2‐(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether) in a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film indicates the presence of long‐life green emission arising from two thermally equilibrated charge transfer (CT) excited states and one non‐equilibrated triplet ligand center (3LC) excited state. At room temperature, the lower triplet CT state is found to be the predominantly populated excited state, and the zero‐zero energy of this state is found to be 2.72 eV from the onset of its emission at 80 K. The tunable emission maximum of [Cu(dnbp)(DPEPhos)]BF4 in various hosts with different triplet energies is explained in terms of the multiple triplet energy levels of this complex in amorphous films. Using the high triplet energy charge transport material as a host and an exciton‐blocking layer (EBL), a [Cu(dnbp)(DPEPhos)]BF4 based organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) achieves a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.0%, which is comparable to values for similar devices based on Ir(ppy)3 and FIrpic. The photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) performance of green emissive [Cu(μI)dppb]2 (dppb = 1,2‐bis[diphenylphosphino]benzene) in organic semiconductor films confirmed its 3CT state with a zero‐zero energy of 2.76 eV as the predominant population excited state.
Ultralong CdTe Nanowires: Catalyst‐Free Synthesis and High‐Yield Transformation into Core–Shell Heterostructures
Authors: Jiang Feng , Liu Jinjin , Li Yunchao , Fan Louzhen , Ding Yuqin , Li Yongfang
Published: March 2012

A novel catalyst‐free synthetic strategy for producing high‐quality CdTe nanowires in solution is proposed. A special reaction condition is intentionally constructed in the reaction system to induce the formation of nanowires through oriented in situ assembly of tiny particles. To establish such special synthetic conditions in the CdTe system, not only are its typical features and possible solutions deeply analyzed, but also related factors, such as the ligand environment, injection and growth temperature, and Cd‐to‐Te precursor ratio, are systemically investigated. High‐quality ultralong (up to 10 μm) and ultrathin (less than 10 nm) CdTe nanowires are produced in solution under optimal reaction conditions. Morphological, spectral, and compositional analyses are performed to examine the products formed at different reaction stages in order to clarify the formation mechanism of the CdTe nanowires. Furthermore, the transformation of the CdTe nanowires into CdTe/CdSe core–shell heterostructures is intensively explored, and the CdSe epitaxial growth process is specially tracked by morphological and spectral characterization techniques. Finally, CdTe nanowires coated with a continuous and dense CdSe shell are successfully fabricated by using a proper coating protocol.