bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ՂԱՐԱԲԱՂԻ ԲԱՐԲԱՌԻ ԴԱՐՁՎԱԾՆԵՐԻ ՈՒՍՈՒՑՈՒՄԸ / TEACHING PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS OF THE KARABAKH DIALECT
Authors: MOVSESYAN RENA
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, teaching the Karabakh dialect is of great importance, since the dialect
is cut off from the dialect environment, and Azerbaijan is pursuing a consistent policy of
destroying Artsakh studies, and one of the ways to combat this is teaching and
preserving the Karabakh dialect and the linguistic thinking, culture, worldview and value
system reflected in it, forming national self-awareness, self-confidence and the ability to
defend oneself in generations.
Of all linguistic units, phraseological units reflect the thinking, customs, moral
values, and biophilosophy of the people best, since they are semantically condensed
constructions polished in the vernacular.
The goal of our work is to propose principles and methodological techniques that
will make the study of phraseological units of the Karabakh dialect and through them the
linguistic thinking and biophilosophy of the Artsakh people more effective and
comprehensive.
To achieve this goal, we have put forward the following tasks:
1. To study Karabakh phraseological units, the principles of their classification.
2. To determine the vitality of the mentioned phraseological units by surveying
representatives of different generations.
3. Тo apply the proposed methodological techniques in different audiences to
determine their effectiveness.
The article applies the methods of analysis, comparison and contrast.
The following principles contribute to the effectiveness of teaching dialect
phraseological units:
1. Teach phraseological units using the comparative method, comparing them with
the corresponding units of the literary Armenian language, relying on students' knowledge
of the phraseology of the literary Armenian language. 2. Give special importance to and select as examples such phraseological units
that give a more complete idea of the most dominant character traits, way of life and
thinking of the Artsakh people.
3. Effectively combine traditional and modern methods in the educational process,
apply methodological techniques that will make learning interesting and non-monotonous.
4. Take into account the frequency of use of these phraseological units, their
vitality, both in oral speech and in fiction.
The Effect of Aerobic or Strength Training in Elderly with Cognitive Decline: The Fit4Alz Project
Authors: Silva Ana Filipa , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Roriz Mafalda Sofia , Azevedo José Alberto , Jovanovic Olivera , Adamovic Marko , Bozic Aleksandar , Silva Rui
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to examine the effects of aerobic and strength training methodologies, either combined with or without cognitive training, on mitigating cognitive decline. A total of 154 subjects were recruited (72.8 ± 6.1 years, 69% females) and were divided into four groups: i) strength plus cognitive training (STCT, n = 56); ii) strength training (ST, n = 23); iii) aerobic training (AT, n = 41); and iv) aerobic plus cognitive training (ATCT, n = 34). Subjects were previously cognitively assessed and showed cognitive decline (less than 26 points on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA). For 12 weeks, all groups performed 3 times a week, for 60 minutes, a training program corresponding to their attributed group. The MoCA test and the Senior Fitness test were applied at the beginning and the end of the intervention. A repeated-measures ANCOVA revealed significant time-by-group interactions for physical performance measures, including the 2-minute step-in-place (p = 0.026), arm curl (p < 0.001), chair sit-and-reach (p < 0.001), back-scratch (p < 0.001), 8-foot up-and-go (p < 0.001), and 6-minute walk tests (p < 0.001). However, no significant improvements were observed for cognitive function (MoCA, p = 0.242) or lower body strength (chair stand, p = 0.411). The AT group showed greater improvements in upper body strength compared to STCT and ST (p < 0.001; d = 0.698; p = 0.004; d = 0.598), while STCT significantly improved flexibility compared to ATCT (p < 0.001; d = 1.049). ATCT had the greatest improvements in aerobic endurance compared to STCT and ST (p = 0.004; d = 0.133; p < 0.001; d = 0.350). It was demonstrated that aerobic and strength training significantly improved overall physical performance in elderly individuals. However, no significant effects were observed on cognitive performance. Although these findings suggest that both aerobic and strength exercise, with or without cognitive training, improve overall physical fitness, further research is needed to determine its impact on cognitive performance.
Improving pelvic floor muscle strength in women with postpartum stress urinary incontinence using electromagnetic stimulation therapy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Roziana Roziana , Chan Muhammad SN. , Santoso Budi I. , Sjusad Suskhan , Priyatini Tyas , Hakim Surahman , Moegni Fernandi , Mutia Alfa P. , Kurniawan Andrew P. , Armita Nurdarlila
Published: February 2025

Electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) has emerged as a potential alternative for managing urinary incontinence in women. However, research directly comparing EMS to Kegel exercises in cases of postpartum stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of EMS (improvement of the symptoms, incontinence severity and pelvic floor muscle strength) and patient compliance with the therapy in postpartum women with SUI. A single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted involving postpartum women diagnosed with SUI at least three months after delivery. The EMS group received the therapy three times a week for five weeks, while the Kegel group was instructed to perform daily exercises for eight weeks. Improvement of the symptoms and incontinence severity were evaluated using the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) and a 1-hour pad test, respectively, while pelvic floor muscle strength was measured with a perineometer. Both groups showed significant improvements in UDI-6 scores, 1-hour pad test results and pelvic floor muscle strength compared to before treatment. However, the EMS group had significantly greater muscle strength than the Kegel group (16.5 vs 8.0 cmH2O, p=0.006). The UDI-6 scores, 1-hour pad test results and patients’ compliance were not significantly different between EMS and Kegel groups. EMS demonstrated a greater ability to enhance pelvic floor muscle strength than Kegel exercises. These findings suggest that EMS may be a more effective option for enhancing pelvic floor muscle strength in postpartum women.
TOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF VETERINARY PHYTOPREPARATIONS
Authors:   Experimental Research Station for Poultry Farming, Emelyanov M.A.
Published: February 2025

The article presents data on toxicological assessment of complex herbal preparations Phytococcidin and Coccilin V Plus possessing anti-eimeriotic properties, used for laboratory animals – mice and rats. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the preparation Phytococcidin for white laboratory mice and rats is more than 10, 000 mg / kg b.w.; the preparation Coccillin B Plus for white laboratory mice – 29,000 mg / kg b.w., for rats – 33751.1 mg / kg b.w. According to the GOST 12.1.007-76, the preparations Phytococcidin and Coccilin V Plus can be ranged as class IV, i.e. low-hazard substances (LD50 more than 5000 mg / kg b.w.), do not have cumulative effects.
Mercadotecnia social: un análisis teórico, acciones y su aplicación en la prevención de lesiones no intencionales
Authors: Espejo Martínez Abraham , Espejo Cruz Abigail del Carmen
Published: February 2025

Las lesiones no intencionales ocupan una gran incidencia a nivel mundial y en México no son la excepción debido a que involucran a todos los sectores de la sociedad, así como a todas las edades, siendo su principal incidencia los menores de edad, dentro de los cuales se cuentan los niños y adolescentes. Las lesiones no intencionales involucran principalmente a las personas encargadas del sector salud una vez que ocurren, sin embargo, desde la primera atención hasta la recuperación total de quien las sufre, intervienen un sinnúmero de profesionales en cada caso específico, como el familiar que descubre el incidente, los encargados de los primeros auxilios como enfermeros, médicos generales, especialistas por nivel de edad del paciente, hasta los psicólogos y trabajadores sociales cuya intervención es indispensable para la recuperación total. En este sentido, el presente documento pretende servir como una herramienta para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención de lesiones no intencionales utilizando la mercadotecnia social, la cual, mediante un proceso general, permite establecer diversas actividades para disminuir riesgos y contar con información puntual respecto de las medidas que se deben seguir en casos específicos que pueden presentarse, o para estar en condiciones de ayudar a abatir la incidencia de dichas lesiones así como en el proceso de recuperación de las mismas, teniendo en consideración la importancia que representa la cultura de la prevención así como la relevancia que reviste la adopción de comportamientos saludables en la sociedad.
Análisis y propuesta para una campaña radiofónica acerca de las lesiones no intencionales
Authors: Caldera Quiroz Alicia
Published: February 2025

El presente texto aborda la problemática de las lesiones no intencionales en niños a nivel mundial, destacando la alta incidencia y las consecuencias graves que pueden provocar. Se analiza una campaña de la Fundación Mapfre, que utiliza un juego virtual para concientizar sobre la seguridad infantil. Y, por último, se propone una campaña radiofónica centrada en niños de primaria menor, que utiliza un enfoque respetuoso y divertido, con la participación de personajes como un extraterrestre, papá o mamá (quienes fungen como principales cuidadores de la niñez) y los mismos niños. Se destaca la importancia de hablar directamente a la niñez, fomentando la conciencia sobre riesgos y prevención, y se sugiere la colaboración con radios locales y entidades gubernamentales para amplificar el impacto de la campaña.
Lesiones no intencionales en el alumnado con altas capacidades
Authors: Alvarado Nando Maritza , Mojarro Delgadillo Asucena
Published: February 2025

El planeta ya ha cambiado durante este siglo XXI y, además, se vislumbra que seguiremos teniendo grandes transformaciones como producto de los avances científicos y tecnológicos. Estos avances han pautado los estilos de vida de los habitantes del mundo, particularmente las condiciones de vida de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Sin embargo, los esfuerzos que realizan los países no son suficientes, por ello el progreso tampoco ha sido igual para todos, ya que factores como la pobreza y la desigualdad afectan las vidas y poco a poco se han convertido en barreras que impiden el pleno cumplimiento tanto de los derechos como del desarrollo.
Entre los progresos más importantes que se pueden mencionar en materia de bienestar de la infancia en los últimos años, se encuentran, sin duda alguna, la publicación de la Ley General de los Derechos de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (LGDNNA) en el año 2014 y la creación del Sistema Integral de Protección de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes, que coordina la acción pública del Gobierno para mejorar las condiciones de vida de este grupo poblacional.
Se espera que los resultados de la indagación exploratoria en una escuela primaria de altas capacidades inspire a los tomadores de decisiones e instancias responsables del tema en el Gobierno del Estado, la sociedad civil y todos los actores sociales para que sumen esfuerzos y enriquezcan las propuestas y estrategias de acción para disminuir los riesgos que enfrenta la niñez mexicana en los contextos escolares y familiares, para que logren un desarrollo armónico y gocen de espacios libres de peligro.
Chandipura Virus Cause of a Devastating Outbreak in India's Rural Areas
Authors: Patil Vedant V. , Shaikh Azam Z. , Pawar S.P.
Published: February 2025

A member of the Rhabdoviridae family, the Chandipura Virus (CHPV), is the cause of a devastating outbreak in India's rural areas. It primarily affects youngsters and is characterized by neurological dysfunctions and a sickness that resembles the flu. Sand flies, ticks, and mosquitoes are among the vectors that spread it. The virus is diagnosed using a reliable real-time, one-step reverse transcriptase PCR test technique. The genome of CHPV has a negative sense RNA that codes for five distinct proteins (N, P, M, G, and L). M protein is naturally deadly, whereas P protein is essential to the virus's life cycle. Mannitol is used as a symptomatic medication to lessen cerebral edema; there is currently no particular treatment for this condition. An effective preventative measure against CHPV was assessed using a vaccine candidate based on Vero cells. The most effective way to reduce CHPV infection is through prevention. To mitigate the spread of CHPV, it will be beneficial to contain disease-transmitting vectors and maintain appropriate diet, health, cleanliness, and knowledge in rural regions. Therefore, until a reliable anti-CHPV agent is created, a number of extreme preventative measures must be tried in order to stop the spread of the virus.
Karakterstyrker: Treffsikkerheten av selvvurderinger og andres vurderinger
Authors: Skillingstad Johanne Bjørgum , Kjærstad Åsa Frostad , Bang Henning
Published: February 2025

Sammendrag

Studien undersøker treffsikkerheten i andres vurderinger av kadetters karakterstyrker, og hvorvidt det er selvvurdering eller gjennomsnittet av andres vurderinger som gir det mest treffsikre bildet. Vi benyttet de tre kriteriene til Funder og West (1993) for å vurdere treffsikkerheten av andres vurderinger: (1) positiv korrelasjon mellom selvvurdering og andres vurderinger av egenskapen, (2) konsensus mellom andres vurderinger av egenskapen og (3) at andres vurderinger av egenskapen korrelerer positivt med relevante utfallsmål. Hvis kriteriene ble oppfylt, tok vi dette som indikasjon på at andres vurderinger er treffsikre. Hvis andres vurderinger i tillegg korrelerte høyere med relevante utfallsmål enn selvvurderinger, tok vi dette som en indikasjon på at andres vurderinger er mer treffsikre enn selvvurderinger. De tolv karakterstyrkene som ble vurdert, var lederskap, integritet, dømmekraft, utholdenhet, mot, lagspiller, rettferdighet, sosial intelligens, læringslyst, selvregulering, perspektiv og kreativitet. Utfallsmålene var militære og akademiske prestasjoner. 181 kadetter fra Krigsskolen deltok i studien. Vi fant statistisk signifikante positive korrelasjoner mellom selvvurdering og andres vurderinger for elleve karakterstyrker, og moderat til høy konsensus mellom andres vurderinger for alle karakterstyrker. Videre fant vi statistisk signifikante positive korrelasjoner mellom andres vurderinger og akademiske prestasjoner for elleve av tolv karakterstyrker, men kun for én selvvurdert karakterstyrke. Når det gjaldt sammenhengen mellom andres vurderinger og militære prestasjoner, fant vi statistisk signifikante positive korrelasjoner for alle tolv karakterstyrker, og for syv av de selvvurderte karakterstyrkene. Funnene indikerer at andres vurderinger er mer treffsikre enn selvvurderinger for elleve av tolv karakterstyrker.

Nøkkelord: karakterstyrker, selvvurderinger, andres vurderinger, akademisk prestasjon, militær prestasjon
Can criminal law still be social control in the AI age?
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, NEZU Koki NEZU Koki
Published: February 2025

AI技術の発展によって犯罪予防に大きな変化がもたらされるであろう。たとえば、AI搭載監視カメラや自動決済型店舗の導入によって、万引きを事実的に不可能とするような構造・状況を創りだすことも可能である。これは刑事法システムにとってその存在を揺るがしうる変化である。なぜなら、刑事法システムは犯罪の実行が事実的には可能であることを大前提としており、しかしAI防犯システムはそのような事実的可能性をその芽から摘み取ってしまうからである。このような状況に対し、大別して2つのアプローチが考えられうる。①今後はAI防犯システムを社会統制の基軸に据え、刑事法システムは潔く犯罪予防の第一線から退き、AI防犯システムの網の目を潜り抜けた極例外的な事例にのみ対応するというアプローチと、②「愚かな自由」の価値を再定位することで刑事法システムを維持するアプローチである。
A Study on the Sentencing Standards in Medical Criminal Liability
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, Baek Kyoung-Hee , Chang Yeon-Hwa
Published: February 2025

In Korea, Article 268 of the Criminal Act distinguishes between occupational negligence and gross negligence in cases of medical criminal liability. However, both offenses are subject to the same statutory penalty. In practice, most medical criminal cases are prosecuted as occupational negligence resulting in injury or death, and courts do not specifically assess whether the case involves gross negligence. Furthermore, the Sentencing Commission’s sentencing guidelines do not explicitly differentiate between the two offenses, nor do they establish separate standards for medical malpractice cases.
Although the statutory penalties for occupational negligence resulting in death or injury and gross negligence resulting in death or injury are the same under Korean criminal law, there is a need to distinguish between ordinary negligence and gross negligence in medical malpractice cases, considering the unique nature of medical errors, the degree of culpability, and foreign legal systems. Given that most medical malpractice cases are prosecuted under occupational negligence resulting in death or injury, cases involving gross negligence could be reflected through sentencing decisions by the courts. Furthermore, Korea’s proposed Medical Accident Handling Special Act, which aims to establish a safety net for medical accidents by ensuring effective compensation for patients and reducing the legal burdens on medical professionals, also includes “gross negligence” as an exception to the application of special provisions, reinforcing the necessity of such a distinction.
From this perspective, gross medical negligence should be recognized as a special sentencing factor and considered an aggravating element in sentencing. Additionally, factors such as collaboration among medical professionals, individual roles and responsibilities, the patient’s unique physical condition, or cases where a patient refuses medical treatment should be clearly identified as mitigating factors. Establishing such sentencing guidelines would allow courts to assess medical malpractice cases with greater clarity and consistency, ultimately enhancing legal stability and public trust in the judiciary. Moreover, these guidelines would help reduce unnecessary legal burdens on medical professionals while ensuring a balanced legal framework that protects patient rights.
Research on the Identification of the Employment Legal Relationship of Online Streamers
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, Huan Yizhi , Wang Jing
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of Internet technology, online live streaming has emerged as a new industry, attracting a large number of practitioners However, the protection of labor rights for online streamers, as a new occupational group, faces many challenges. This article aims to delve into the issues of labor protection for online streamers. It first analyzes the peculiarities of the labor relationship for online streamers, including the flexibility of work nature, the uncertainty of income, and the ambiguity of labor relationship. This article reveals the main problems in the labor rights protection for online streamers, such as the lack of formal labor contracts unstable income, excessive working hours, damage to physical and mental health, and poor channels for rights protection. In response to these problems, this article proposes a series improvement measures and suggestions, including strengthening legal system construction, clarifying the legal status of online streamers, promoting changes in social perceptions, enhancing platform responsibility awareness, a diversified dispute resolution mechanism, and strengthening industry self-discipline. Through the implementation of these measures, it aims to build a fairer, more just, and labor environment for online streamers, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of online streamers, and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the online live streaming. This study not only has theoretical value for the labor rights protection of online streamers, but also provides useful references for related policy-making and practical operations.
Search and Seizure of Digital Evidence in Japan
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, NAKAMURA, Mariko NAKAMURA, Mariko
Published: February 2025

日本では、サイバー犯罪条約の締結にあたって国内法を整備し、2011年の刑事訴訟法改正により、プロバイダから必要なデータを提出してもらう「提出命令型の押収」として記録命令付差押え、捜査機関が利用者の端末からサーバにアクセスして必要なデータを複写する「サーバからのデータの押収」としてリモートアクセス捜査を導入した。いずれも、サーバが国外にある場合に国家主権の問題を生じさせるのかについて活発な議論がなされており、本稿では特にこの点を検討した。
記録命令付差押えに関しては、サーバへのアクセスはプロバイダ自身の行為であるから主権侵害を生じさせないというのが、立法担当者の見解である。これに対して、サイバー犯罪条約の締約国についてのみ主権侵害を生じさせないという立場によれば、依然として主権の問題を考える必要がある。リモートアクセス捜査に関しては、捜査機関がサーバへアクセスすることから、利用者の同意が得られない場合には、相手国の承諾を取り付けるか国際捜査共助によるべきであるというのが、立法担当者の見解である。しかし、リモートコンピューティングが発達した現代社会において、いずれの捜査手法であっても、プロバイダが管理するデータ又は利用者がアクセスできるデータに関し、捜査という文脈でサイバー空間に国境を設けることが妥当なのか、改めて問う必要があるように思われる。
A Study on the Ownership Concentration, A Type Economic Concentration
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, Hong Myungsu
Published: February 2025

Ownership concentration is recognized as a form of economic concentration and is therefore understood to be subject to regulation under Monopoly Regulation & Fair Trade Act(hereafter MRFTA) to restrain economic concentration. However, at this point, it is questionable whether ownership concentration can be subject to negative judgment per se, and it is also questionable whether ownership concentration is a valid concept based on the idea of separation of ownership and management. Moreover, it is difficult to imagine a desirable ownership and management model as a prerequisite for policy to reduce or eliminate ownership concentration. However, even if we deny the inherent significance of ownership concentration as a type of economic concentration, it is worth noting that the prevalence of owner-managed conglomerates may exacerbate concerns about aggregate concentration. While we should remain skeptical of making ownership concentration as a policy objective or developing policy indicators related to ownership concentration for policy implementation, it should not be overlooked that ownership structure can exacerbate concerns about economic concentration, which is often viewed through the lens of aggregate concentration, and attention should also be paid to the impact that regulation of aggregate concentration may have on ownership structure. It is also worth considering the implications of ownership concentration in relation to ex post regulation aimed at restraining economic concentrations under Chapter 6 of MRFTA. Although the significance of ownership concentration does not change in ex post regulation, unlike ex ante regulation, which is based on setting uniform and clear regulatory standards, ex post regulation requires a substantive determination of the unfairness of the behavior in question, which may result in a different approach to the ownership concentration issue. While concentration of economic power, which is often used as the basis for determining the illegality of unfair support or misappropriation of private profit, is primarily framed in terms of aggregate concentration, it may be actively considered in the illegality determination when certain conduct related to ownership structure can be assessed as exacerbating or perpetuating aggregate concentration concerns.
The successor of subject-matter in dispute and the subjective extent of Res Judicata
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, Seok Hyunsoo
Published: February 2025

Regarding whether the successor of subject-matter in dispute subsequent to a closure of pleadings is the successor subsequent to a closure of pleadings specified in Article 218, Paragraph 1 of the Civil Procedure Act(hereinafter ‘Article 218 successor’), Supreme Court precedent basically takes the position that ‘the successor of subject-matter is the Article 218 successor if the objects of lawsuit is based on real rights, but not if the object of lawsuit is based on obligation’, but especially in the case that subject-matter in dispute is inherited from a losing plaintiff, it takes the position that ‘even if the objects of lawsuit is based on real rights, the successor of subject-matter is not the Article 218 successor.’
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the above precedents are valid, and to seek standards that can keep theoretical consistency and lead to desirable results in specific cases regarding the subjective extent of Res Judicata to the successor of subject-matter in dispute.
It is generally believed that the scope of the successor of subject-matter in dispute subject to res judicata is determined according to the theory of the objects of lawsuit. However, the standard for determining the scope of the above successor should be efficiency in the compulsory execution procedure, not the theory of the objects of lawsuit. And in terms of this efficiency, regardless of whether the subject-matter in dispute is inherited from the plaintiff or the defendant, and whether the plaintiff or the defendant prevails, the subjective extent of Res Judicata extends to the successor if the claim is on real rights.
Compared to making a uniform conclusion that res judicata does not extend to the successor in cases where the subject-matter in dispute is inherited from the losing plaintiff as in precedent, taking the view that ‘in the above case, if the claim is based on real rights, the res judicata extends to the successor' has the advantage of being able to reflect the specific factual situation and derive a result appropriate for each factual situation.
The auction by collateral security right and the supplementary nature of the confirmation lawsuit
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, Seo Chang Weon
Published: February 2025

In the context of auction proceedings under a collateral security right, which is a representative security right, the Supreme Court has held that a claim for cancellation of the collateral security right registration or a claim for confirmation of the non-existence of the secured debt can be the main action for provisional disposition, while the collateral security right holder has held that it is not beneficial to seek confirmation of the non-existence of the secured debt because seeking cancellation of the collateral security right registration is a direct means of effectively and appropriately resolving the dispute. The latter position appears to be based on the so-called the supplementary nature of the confirmation lawsuit, which states that seeking confirmation of the existence of an obligation or infringed right apart from a claim for performance is not beneficial because it is not effective in removing anxiety and is not the final resolution of the dispute, Based on this standard, it is arguable that the former claim to terminate the collateral security right registration may constitute a final resolution of the dispute, while the latter claim to confirm the non-existence of the secured debt is not a final resolution of the dispute, which is contrary to the supplementary nature of the confirmation lawsuit. As a result of the review, even if the judgment is confirmed by filing an action to confirm the non-existence of the secured debt in the former case, it is not possible to cancel the collateral security right registration, which is the authority of the discretionary auction and the cause of the dispute, so it is necessary to file an action to cancel the collateral security right registration as the main action to suspend or cancel the discretionary auction procedure, the claim for confirmation of the non-existence of the secured debt is contrary to the supplementary nature of the confirmation lawsuit and cannot escape dismissal because there is no benefit of confirmation, and the suspension of the auction proceedings by provisional disposition cannot be considered as a main action and must be dismissed. This article is only a starting point for discussion, and I hope that it will serve as a milestone for further discussion and reach a more reasonable conclusion.
Changes and Implications in the Questioning and Evaluation Methods of the U.S. Bar Exam : Focusing on the Next-Generation Bar Exam
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, Kim Myeonki , Lee Sora
Published: February 2025

The discussion of the introduction of a new US bar exam and the direction of improvements that emerged in the process provide meaningful implications for the development of the Korean bar exam. In particular, it is noteworthy that the United States is designing the bar exam to verify practical working capabilities, moving away from the previous exam, which was centered on memorization. This could be an important starting point for solving the problems currently facing the Korean bar exam, namely, the theory-oriented, memorization-based assessment and the gap between the exam and practice.
The process of change is also noteworthy. In the process of improving the bar exam, the United States thoroughly analyzed the duties of new lawyers and designed the exam based on this analysis. This duty analysis played an important role in ensuring that the exam assessed the readiness of lawyers to practice law, rather than simply measuring legal knowledge. South Korea also needs to systematically analyze the duties of new lawyers and redesign the purpose, content, and evaluation methods of the exam based on this analysis. In addition, the U.S. approach to introducing various question types to assess the ability of lawyers to solve legal problems they will face in actual practice is quite impressive.
The process of change is also worth noting. In the process of improving the bar exam, the U.S. thoroughly analyzed the duties of new lawyers and designed the exam based on this analysis. This duty analysis played an important role in ensuring that the exam assessed the readiness of lawyers as actual lawyers, rather than simply measuring their legal knowledge.
South Korea also needs to systematically analyze the duties of new lawyers and redesign the purpose, content, and evaluation method of the exam based on this analysis In particular, various assessment methods, such as simulation-based integrated questions, are expected to contribute to increasing the reliability and effectiveness of the exam at the same time.
As we have seen, the direction of improvement of the U.S. bar exam has several implications for the law school and bar exam system in Korea. By referring to the experience of the United States, we should strive to clarify the purpose of the exam and build a system that can assess practical and practice-oriented capabilities in order to bridge the gap between the education of law schools and the needs of the legal profession and to establish a more advanced legal talent development system.
The Principle of Non-Use of Force and Legal Responsibility in Arms Exports: An Analysis Based on International Court of Justice Case Law
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, Jo JangHyun
Published: February 2025

This paper examines South Korea's arms exports and its international legal obligations, focusing on the application and limitations of the prohibition on the use of force. It evaluates the legal legitimacy and accountability of South Korea's arms export control system by analyzing the prohibition on the use of force as prescribed in Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter, along with South Korea’s constitutional commitment to international law compliance under Articles 5 and 6 of its Constitution. Emphasizing the necessity for arms exports to align with international legal standards, this study highlights the imperative for South Korea’s export control policies to uphold principles of peace and human rights protection. Drawing on precedents established by the International Court of Justice (ICJ)—including the Corfu Channel Case, the Nicaragua Case, and the Oil Platforms Case—it identifies the legal criteria and scope of state responsibility for indirect uses of force through arms provisions and military interventions, applying these principles to South Korea’s legal challenges in arms export regulations. Furthermore, the paper evaluates compliance with the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) and United Nations Security Council resolutions, proposing enhancements to arms export screening processes, risk assessment tools, and post-export monitoring systems to ensure transparency and accountability. It underscores the necessity of establishing an independent arms export review committee and systematizing evaluation procedures to align with international standards. Ultimately, this paper provides a framework for South Korea to strengthen its arms export control mechanisms, ensuring compliance with international law and constitutional principles, while positioning itself as a global leader committed to peace and human rights protection.
The Permissibility and Limits of Public Law Contracts in German Regulatory Law : Focusing on Recent Cases in Telecommunications, Energy, and Railway Sectors
Authors:   Institute of Legal Myungji Uiversity, Chung Eui Seok
Published: February 2025

This study examines the permissibility and limits of public law contracts in German regulatory law. Section 54 of the German Administrative Procedure Act principally permits public law contracts. However, in regulatory areas, contract forms may be prohibited by individual laws, such as Article 211(1) of the German Telecommunications Act, or by laws in specific legal domains. Additionally, even when not explicitly prohibited by law, contract forms may be restricted through legal interpretation. Under these premises, this study analyzed recent cases concerning the permissibility and limits of public law contracts in German network industries, particularly in telecommunications, energy, and railway sectors. In telecommunications, public law contracts in the form of investment commitments were positively evaluated. The court determined that such public law contracts could harmoniously achieve the core objectives of telecommunications law: network advancement and fair competition guarantee. Notably, the court's recognition of regulatory methods combining public law contracts with regulatory dispositions was significant. In contrast, in the energy (gas) sector, the court found contract forms based on party agreements inappropriate, as regulatory exemptions directly affect market competition and supply stability. Similarly, in the railway sector, the court restricted the use of public law contracts, holding that determining usage conditions for essential facilities like railway networks through contracts could impede fair competition and third-party protection.
As shown above, the permissibility of public law contracts in regulatory administration can vary depending on industry characteristics and regulatory objectives. This provides important implications for the use of public law contracts in Korean regulatory administration. Currently, Korean regulatory administration employs various means including administrative acts, administrative guidance, certification systems, and self-regulation. However, discussion about the potential use of public law contracts remains insufficient. While public law contracts have advantages in enhancing regulatory flexibility, efficiency, and voluntary cooperation from regulated entities, contract forms may conversely hinder market competition or infringe upon third-party rights. Therefore, introducing public law contracts as new regulatory tools requires careful consideration of individual regulatory characteristics. Additionally, legislative supplements clearly defining the requirements and limits of public law contracts are necessary.
ԲՈՒԺԱՇԽԱՏՈՂՆԵՐԻ ՊՐՈՖԵՍԻԱԳՐԻ ԿԱԶՄՄԱՆ ՈՒՂԻՆԵՐԸ ՊՐՈՖԵՍԻՈՆԱԼ-ԿԻՐԱՌԱԿԱՆ ՖԻԶԻԿԱԿԱՆ ՊԱՏՐԱՍՏՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՏԵՍԱՆԿՅՈՒՆԻՑ / DEVELOPING A PROFESSIONOGRAM OF MEDICAL WORKERS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF PROFESSIONALLY APPLIED PHYSICAL TRAINING
Authors: Nazaryan V. R.
Published: February 2025

In the modern era, in connection with the reform of higher and secondary vocational education systems, there is a notable shift in the content of training specialists in various fields. This trend causes an objective need to review the improvement of the effectiveness of vocational education.
In accordance with this, professional and applied physical training (PAPT) of future specialists receiving various professional competencies and specializations, the influence of which is closely related to qualifications, the development of professional abilities, skills and social qualities of a person, acquires special importance. At the same time, work requires special physical training related to the chosen profession. Consequently, This determines the socio-economic importance of professionally applied physical training, taking into account the analysis of relevant problems.
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MEGA-SPORTING EVENTS
Authors: Yeritsyan H. R.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the study is to examine the economic impact of mega-sporting events, looking at both the short-term and long-term impact on host countries. By analyzing past case studies, the research will explore the factors that influence the success or failure of these events from an economic standpoint. The main goal is to critically evaluate how hosting such events affects the economy of cities and nations, in both the short and long term. The study also seeks to pro-vide insights into how strategic planning can help maximize economic benefits, minimize financial risks, and promote sustainable urban de-velopment with positive social outcomes.
Cyberbullismo tra i giovani e discriminazione dei disabili: due facce della stessa esclusione
Authors: Marchetti Federico
Published: February 2025

Un fenomeno in crescita quello del Cyberbullisno che colpisce, secondo i recenti dati ESPAD®Italia, oltre un milione di adolescenti italiani. I ragazzi/e con disabilità sono invece oggetto, e da sempre, di emarginazione e di non riconoscimento di tutte le loro potenzialità
La deriva antiscientifica e autoritaria negli USA e le sue implicazioni per la salute globale
Authors: Marchetti Federico , Tamburlini Giorgio
Published: February 2025

The article addresses the alarming antiscientific and authoritarian drift in the United States and highlights its consequences on public health and scientific research. It notes the government's withdrawal from international agreements, the censorship of critical terms in fed- eral documents and the elimination of essential health data, all factors that threaten the integrity of scientific inquiry. There are also concerns about possible reprisals against those who oppose these practices. The removal of data concerning marginalized groups is described as a ‘digital genocide’, as it erases crucial information needed to address health disparities. The article and the comment warn that the erosion of evidence-based principles and the stop to national and global health programmes will lead a sharp increase in pre- ventable deaths, especially among children and vulnerable populations. There is the need for a strong response from the scientific community to defend the values of scientific freedom, equity and right to health for all.
Dermomail
Authors: Berti Irene
Published: February 2025

Coxackiosi angioma lobulare eruttivo
Association Between Visual Acuity and Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Test of Mediators
Authors: Du Zijing , Zhang Xiayin , Bulloch Gabriella , Zhang Feng , Huang Yu , Wang Yaxin , Liang Yingying , Wu Guanrong , Zhu Zhuoting , Shang Xianwen , Hu Yijun , Yang Xiaohong , Yu Honghua
Published: February 2025

Background: Little is known about the prospective relationship between visual acuity (VA) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events and the extent to which this association is mediated via potential mediators. This study aims to investigate the relationship between VA and ASCVD events, including the mediation effects of potential factors.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted using data from 110,522 participants in the UK Biobank, all of whom had baseline visual acuity (VA) measurements collected between 2006 and 2010. VA was assessed using the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) chart, with the better-seeing eye selected for analysis. Incident ASCVD events were obtained from hospital admissions and death records up to April 2021. The longitudinal association between VA and ASCVD was examined using Cox proportional hazards models. A four-way decomposition mediation analysis was performed to quantify the indirect effects of hypertension, diabetes, depression, and socioeconomic status in mediating the relationship between VA and ASCVD.
Results: Over an 11.13-year median follow-up, 5,496 ASCVD cases were recorded. A one-line worsening in VA (0.1 logMAR increase) was associated with an increased risk of ASCVD (HR = 1.63; 95%CI = 1.35–1.96, P < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that hypertension, diabetes, depression, and Townsend deprivation index contributed 3.8%, 3.3%, 5.7%, and 5.9% to this association, respectively (all P < 0.05). Notably, depression was the strongest mediator, accounting for 10.0% of the association in women (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that visual decline is associated with an increased risk of ASCVD. Early intervention through regular eye exams can help mitigate the risk of ASCVD in middle-aged and older adults. Additionally, mental health is a key mediator in the VA-ASCVD relationship, particularly among women.
esporte como categoria de agência humana?
Authors: Cruz Guilherme Moreira Gomes da
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor uma reflexão sobre o ideal universalista do esporte. O esporte é apresentado constantemente a partir de uma perspectiva positiva e em certos posicionamentos visto como uma prática comum em qualquer sociedade e nos mais diversos períodos históricos. Entretanto, é necessário compreender que a universalidade do esporte é um problema de classificação que precisa considerar as marcas da modernidade como contexto de sistematização das atividades e o estabelecimento das relações de poder. Nesse sentido, é necessário investir no debate a respeito da universalidade do esporte, assim como da própria modernidade, advertindo sobre as fissuras nesse ideal e refletindo sobre a potencialidade de conceber o esporte de maneira heterogênea e dinâmica.
história da Igreja Cristã,
Authors: Serralheiro Cosme Alves
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise sintética dos primeiros 300 anos da história da Igreja Cristã, dividida em três períodos principais: a igreja Apostólica, Perseguida e Imperial. Iniciando com a ascensão de Cristo e a efusão do Espírito Santo no dia de Pentecostes ao Édito de Constantino. Nos três primeiros séculos, a igreja foi intensamente perseguida. Durante este tempo, os cristãos enfrentaram perseguições severas, mas a fé inabalável e a unidade eclesiástica fortaleceram a Igreja, culminando na aceitação do cristianismo pelo Império Romano. No século IV, Constantino, o primeiro imperador cristão, estabeleceu a liberdade religiosa, garantindo tolerância ao Cristianismo no império romano. Os resultados apontam para diversas mudanças no tocante ao trato para com o povo cristão, iniciando assim um momento de paz para esse grupo religioso. Para a completude deste trabalho nos debruçamos em análises literárias e bibliográficas com base em alguns autores nacionais e internacionais.
Raízes do mito da branquitude no Rio Grande Do Sul, um olhar pela obra de Jorge Salis Goulart
Authors: Lima Maurício Lopes
Published: February 2025

O artigo revisita uma obra clássica do pensamento histórico e sociológico do Rio Grande do Sul, A Formação do Rio Grande do Sul, de 1927, de Jorge Salis Goulart, um influente intelectual gaúcho que, com esta obra, oferece um paradigma importante para a interpretação da formação da sociedade sulina, e contribui para uma construção ideológica que perdura contemporaneamente sobre uma representação embranquecida do Rio Grande do Sul. O foco é demonstrar como a obra introduz, pela primeira vez, uma leitura racializada  do Rio Grande do Sul, reproduzindo, naquele contexto, o debate contemporâneo sobre raça. Ao mesmo tempo, procura-se demonstrar o quanto essas interpretações foram fortemente ideológicas e, no limite, distorceram a realidade empírica, contribuindo para exercer uma violência simbólica quanto à representação do negro na sociedade sul-rio-grandense.
Rezension von: Heussler, Carla u.a. (Hrsg.), Stuttgarter Kunstgeschichten
Authors: Heißenbüttel Dietrich , Heussler Carla
Published: February 2025

Carla Heussler und Christoph Wagner (Hrsg.): Stuttgarter Kunstgeschichten. Von den schwäbischen Impressionisten bis zur Stuttgarter Avantgarde (Regensburger Studien zur Kunstgeschichte 21) Verlag Schnell + Steiner Regensburg 2022, 416 Seiten, 59 €. ISBN 978-3-7954-2888-4
Rezension von: Janotta, Martin u.a. (Hrsg.), Jüdisches Leben in Württemberg
Authors: Schönhagen Benigna , Janotta Martin
Published: February 2025

Martin Janotta/Josef Herbasch (Hrsg.): Jüdisches Leben in Württemberg, Gestern und heute. Verlag Junge Gemeinde, Stuttgart 2023. 192 Seiten, zahlr. Abb. Paperback 29,95 €. ISBN 978-3-948882-37-2
ANAIS DO I CONGRESSO DE ENFERMAGEM EM PERIOPERATÓRIO DA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO MARANHÃO - CAMPUS COLINAS
Authors:   LITERACIA CIENTÍFICA EDITORA E CURSOS, Lima Diellison Layson dos Santos
Published: February 2025

O I Congresso de Enfermagem em Perioperatório da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão – Campus Colinas, desenvolvido sob a temática “Humanização e cultura de segurança na assistência no período perioperatório”, trouxe ao público uma visão atual a respeito da importância da implementação de um cuidado integrado e humanizado ao paciente e propiciou um espaço de troca de conhecimentos, reflexões e aprimoramento profissional, reunindo estudantes, pesquisadores e profissionais da saúde comprometidos com a excelência e a segurança no cuidado perioperatório.

As atividades realizadas, primordialmente, tiveram como objetivo a promoção de discussões enriquecedoras sobre a importância da humanização na assistência cirúrgica, reforçando a cultura de segurança como um pilar essencial para a qualidade do atendimento ao paciente. A programação foi cuidadosamente elaborada para oferecer palestras, rodas de conversa e minicursos, proporcionando um ambiente de aprendizado colaborativo e interdisciplinar, além disso, a pesquisa esteve presente através da submissão, divulgação e apresentação dos trabalhos científicos desenvolvidos pelos participantes e profissionais da área, reforçando o compromisso do congresso com a produção e disseminação do conhecimento científico.

Reiteramos nossos agradecimentos a todos que contribuíram para a realização deste congresso, desde a equipe organizadora até os palestrantes e participantes, que juntos tornam este evento um marco para o avanço da enfermagem perioperatória.

Prof.º Me. Diellison Layson dos Santos Lima

Enfermeiro, Docente e Pesquisador

I Congresso de Enfermagem em Perioperatório