bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Recent Patents and Patented Technology Platforms Based on Co-Processed Excipients
Authors: Kaushik Deepak , Goel Etisha , Verma Ravinder , Pandey Parijat , Purohit Deepika , Mittal Vineet , Kumar Kuldeep , Rahman Md. Habibur
Published: January 2021

Background:

There is no single-component excipient that fulfills all the requisite performance
to allow an active pharmaceutical ingredient to be formulated into a specific dosage form.
Co-processing is a novel concept that incorporates a combination of two or more excipients, that is
advantageous and cannot be achieved using a physical admixture.

Objective:

This review provides an overview of co-processed excipients, recent patents granted
and filed in this field and the commercial patented technology platforms based on these excipients.

Methods:

Various online patent databases were used for collecting the information on recent patents
and patented co-processed excipient technologies. The recent patents such as single-step coprocessing
by dry coating, novel co-processed excipients for oily drugs and novel silica-coated
compositions have been discussed.

Results:

Co-processed excipients are evolving as a current and future trend of excipient technology
in pharmaceutical manufacturing, which is evident by the increasing number of patents based on these
excipients. Among various techniques, the maximum number of patents is based on the spray
drying technique.

Conclusion:

In this work, the authors have focussed on recent patents and commercial technologies
on co-processed excipient. A better understanding of this will help researchers and pharmaceutical
industries to select the appropriate platform, or to develop new innovative co-processed excipients
with improved tableting characteristics.
Essential Polymers Helping Patients with Obesity
Authors: Nascimento Maria , Pal Kaushik , Gomes Fernando
Published: January 2021

Background:

In the last decades, the prevalence of obesity showed a significant increase
in several countries. This fact is very worrying since there is an association between obesity
and metabolic alterations, such as type II diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, some
types of cancer, and glucose intolerance. Knowledge of causes, preventive strategies, and treatment
have been objects of studies by researchers in several centers.

Objective:

The present paper aims to review some studies addressing the increase in the prevalence
and incidence of obesity, diseases related to overweight, and procedures to reduce body fat. The primary
focus of the presented work is the use of polymer systems as an alternative to the conventional
pharmacological treatment of obesity, exploiting the natural and synthetic polymer systems that
have excellent efficiency and can promote improvement to the existing therapies.

Results:

The use of polymers presents the growing relevance as a new therapy and to the improvement
of existing treatments. Among the polymers studied in the treatment of obesity, natural polymers
such as chitosan and alginate have gained prominence. Synthetic polymer systems such as poly
(ε-caprolactone) and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) were also studied for the treatment of obesity.

Conclusions:

This mini-review reflects exclusive strategies that point out to polymers that can be
an alternative to conventional pharmacological treatments or even as occupants in the treatment of
obesity. Besides, we do believe that the most profound union between Polymers and Medical Science
will allow us to mitigate this disease and all associated conditions, improving the quality of
life, mainly of the poor populations from emerging countries.
Effect of seawater irrigation on germination and seedling growth of Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) from Gouraya National park (Béjaïa, Algeria)
Authors: Kheloufi Abdenour , Mansouri Lahouaria Mounia
Published: January 2021

The carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an important component of the Mediterranean vegetation and its cultivation is important environmentally and economically.  It is also an interesting leguminous species for afforestation-reforestation. In this study, carob seeds collected in a representative area of the Mediterranean basin at the national park of Gouraya (Béjaïa, Algeria), were subjected to germination tests under Mediterranean seawater (SW) irrigation of different concentrations (0, 10, 30, 50 and 100% SW) for 15-day period. Before germination tests, a 20 min pre-treatment with 96% sulphuric acid was necessary to overcome seed coat dormancy which does not permit germination. Results showed that the seeds of C. siliqua were able to germinate at different seawater concentration, except for 50% SW and 100% SW which resulted in total inhibition of germination. The maximum number of C. siliqua seed germination of 100% FGP (final germination percentage) appeared at 0% SW and 10% SW. Only 35.5% of the seeds have germinated in 30% SW. Ungerminated seeds of C. siliqua from different SW treatments showed medium germination recovery (FGPRecov) of 39.9% at 50% SW and low recovery of 18.2% at 100% SW when transferred to distilled water after 15 day-period. Seedlings length and seedling fresh and dry weight were significantly (P < 0.001) decreased with increasing SW concentrations. Seedling water content remained constant in 10% SW in comparison with the control, while it decreased very slightly in 30% SW. These findings may serve as useful information for C. siliqua habitat establishment and afforestation-reforestation programs in coastal sites and for exploiting seawater in the area.
Energy bill and CO2 emissions of white corn (Zea mays) production systems of Calbayog, Samar, Philippines
Authors: Lauderes Archie
Published: January 2021

Low production in white corn is usually encountered by many farmers due to the reduction of production areas, incidence of pest and diseases, soil degradation in terms of fertility and acidity and climate change. As the world population continues to expand, there is greater pressure on resources essential for food production, including fossil energy. Hence, quest for additional calorie food sources that will require less energy and less water are needed. Data in this study were gathered using formal survey questionnaire to account the energy bill, CO2 emissions, and identify the high consuming practices in all production stages of corn. Under the farming conditions of Calbayog, Samar, at the energy audit analyses showed that white corn had 2,822.43 Mcal or 247.28 Liter Diesel Oil Equivalent (LDOE) which emits 978.12 kg of CO2 per hectare.
Mingchao Mao, Friedrich Hebbels Arbeit an Schiller. Die Schiller-Rezeption in Hebbels Ästhetik und Dramatik. De Gruyter, 2019.
Authors: Campobasso Maria Giovanna
Published: January 2021

A review of Mingchao Mao, Friedrich Hebbels Arbeit an Schiller. Die Schiller-Rezeption in Hebbels Ästhetik und Dramatik. De Gruyter, 2019.
Federated Learning of Electronic Health Records to Improve Mortality Prediction in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Vaid Akhil , Jaladanki Suraj K , Xu Jie , Teng Shelly , Kumar Arvind , Lee Samuel , Somani Sulaiman , Paranjpe Ishan , De Freitas Jessica K , Wanyan Tingyi , Johnson Kipp W , Bicak Mesude , Klang Eyal , Kwon Young Joon , Costa Anthony , Zhao Shan , Miotto Riccardo , Charney Alexander W , Böttinger Erwin , Fayad Zahi A , Nadkarni Girish N , Wang Fei , Glicksberg Benjamin S
Published: January 2021

Background

Machine learning models require large datasets that may be siloed across different health care institutions. Machine learning studies that focus on COVID-19 have been limited to single-hospital data, which limits model generalizability.

Objective

We aimed to use federated learning, a machine learning technique that avoids locally aggregating raw clinical data across multiple institutions, to predict mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 within 7 days.

Methods

Patient data were collected from the electronic health records of 5 hospitals within the Mount Sinai Health System. Logistic regression with L1 regularization/least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models were trained by using local data at each site. We developed a pooled model with combined data from all 5 sites, and a federated model that only shared parameters with a central aggregator.

Results

The LASSOfederated model outperformed the LASSOlocal model at 3 hospitals, and the MLPfederated model performed better than the MLPlocal model at all 5 hospitals, as determined by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The LASSOpooled model outperformed the LASSOfederated model at all hospitals, and the MLPfederated model outperformed the MLPpooled model at 2 hospitals.

Conclusions

The federated learning of COVID-19 electronic health record data shows promise in developing robust predictive models without compromising patient privacy.
Mathematical Model for Agglomeration Process of Milk Powder
Authors: Auamwong Sunatra , Srinophakun Thongchai Rohitatisha
Published: January 2021

Stickiness during milk spray drying can lead to the agglomeration of milk powder and damage the processing equipment. A mathematical model can achieve a better understanding. In this work, the Distinct Element Method (DEM) simultaneously with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to describe skim milk powder's agglomeration process. The study comprised 2 parts: surface stickiness mechanism and agglomeration of sticky powder. Start with particle formation, the droplet size, and the number of particles produced can be calculated and used to predict the droplet's surface stickiness. These reveal the effect of moisture content, droplet surface temperature, droplet size after drying, and sticky point temperature. Then, the agglomeration of sticky powder inside the spray chamber was predicted. Besides, the particle and fluid motion inside the spray chamber were also determined. Then, the particle size distribution after agglomeration was obtained. Furthermore, parts of the model were validated with the experimental data of Williams et al. (2009), which has three different droplet sizes, 56.8, 78.28, and 108.5 micrometers. The results gave the same trend as the sticky surface of the powder. The droplet's moisture contents rapidly decreased in the first period and fell to a critical value, which was 0.044, 0.048, and 0.061 kg water/kg solid, respectively. The periods of a sticky surface were around 0.033, 0.03, and 0.024 seconds. The largest droplet size was selected for the study of the agglomeration process. This model could predict the agglomeration of sticky powder since there were 216 from 900 droplets agglomerated. Moreover, the largest droplet size was 100.6 micrometers, and the most popular was 79.9 micrometers, which were the size of the un-agglomerated powder.
Cost Analysis of Indonesia Case Based Groups (INA-CBGs) Tariff for Stroke Patients
Authors: Hadning Ingenida , Fathurrohmah Fitriannisa , Ridwan Muhammad , Rahajeng Bangunawati , Utami Pinasti , Cahyaningsih Indriastuti
Published: January 2021

The INA-CBG’s (Indonesia Case Based Groups) package rate implementation for National Health Insurance Program member since 1st January 2014 suffering from stroke has forced all hospitals in Indonesia to do a quality control and efficient service cost. Stroke, one of the catastrophic diseases often accompanied with some of its comorbid factors, requires high treatment cost. Thus, a cost analysis study is needed to prevent hospital loss. This study was aimed at determining the suitability of cost between the real cost of stroke therapy and the Indonesian Case-Based Groups (INA-CBG) rate according to the Ministry of Health Decree number 69 of 2013. This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was done retrospectively. Study subjects were all that hospitalized strokes of patients who were members of the National Health Insurance and also met the inclusion and exclusion criteria registered between January to June 2014. The study data were in real direct medical costs analyzed for its suitability with the INA-CBG's rate. Descriptive statistical tests and t-tests were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the average real cost of the first-class hospitalization was higher than INA-CBG's rate for cerebral infarction and for unspecified stroke, with insignificant discrepancies. The average real cost of second class hospitalization was lower than INA-CBG's rate for cerebral infarction, otherwise the average cost was higher than INA-CBG's rate for unspecified stroke, with insignificant discrepancies. The average real cost of third class hospitalization was lower than INA-CBG's rate for cerebral infarction and for unspecified stroke, with significant discrepancies. Most of the average costs were higher than the INA-CBG rate. Thus, the hospital is not capable of managing a stroke of cost-based treatment on INA-CBGs. The hospital has suffered losses. INA-CBG's rate of stroke treatment needs to be evaluated.
The Combination of Ethanol Extracts of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme and Piper crocatum increase the Macrophage Phagocytosis In Vitro
Authors: Sagala Reynelda Juliani , Murwanti Retno
Published: January 2021

Research on the activity of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume and Piper crocatum have been conducted and showed various immunomodulatory activity. This study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of the combination of the ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, and Piper crocatum by determining its macrophages phagocytic index and macrophages phagocytic capacity. Therefore, such a combination could be an alternative drug to increase immune response. In this study, the extraction procedure was carried out through maceration by using an ethanolic solvent. Combinations of herbs ethanol extract were varied in four groups of combination, at three different concentrations of 1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml for each group. Macrophages were isolated from the peritoneum cavity of male mice (Mus musculus), and its phagocytic activity was quantified through the Leijh method (1986). The phagocytic index and phagocytic capacity of macrophages were determined by using latex beads as a trigger of phagocytosis and compared with negative controls of media, DMSO, and four groups of ethanolic extract combinations in different concentrations. The results indicate that all of combination group ethanol extract with a concentration of 10 μg/ml was significantly (p<0.05) optimum activated phagocytic index. Therefore the combination of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Piper crocatum, and Thyphonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume ethanolic extract might be prospective to increase nonspecific immune response.
Formulation, Physical Quality Evaluation, and Antioxidant Activity of Body Butter of Ethanol Extract of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Peel
Authors: Yuliawati Agustina Nila , Cahyadi Kadek Duwi
Published: January 2021

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has polyphenols as an antioxidant. It has known that the antioxidant content of dragon fruit peels was more than in the flesh, so it can be used as a source of natural antioxidants to replace synthetic antioxidants. The use of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel, especially as topical preparations in the form of body butter, was still rarely done, whereas dragon fruit peel as an antioxidant can be used as an active ingredient of cosmetics. The purpose of this study was to obtain the body butter formula of ethanol extract of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel and its physical quality evaluation, to know the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel and its body butter. This research was an experimental study with the stages of research consisting of determination of native plants, making ethanol extract of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel, ensuring its activity antioxidant, performing body butter formulation procedures, carrying out physical quality evaluation such as organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spread, protection, and adhesion ability, then antioxidant activity of its body butter. The result of this research showed that the ethanol extract of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel has a moderate level of antioxidant (Antioxidant Activity Index / AAI = 0,88). Furthermore, body butter which has contains antioxidant content of ethanol extract of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel as much as 0.5% has the best physical quality evaluation during storage and the highest AAI (0,54) among other body butter formulas.
Potential of Miana Leaf Extract as Expectorant (Profile Place of Growing, Antioxidant, Sputum Contaminants, Antibacterial, MIC, MKC Expectorant)
Authors: Pakadang Sesilia Rante , Sinala Santi , Salasa Alfrida Monica , Ratnah St , Rosmala Dewi Sisilia Teresia , Hilaria Maria
Published: January 2021

Research has been conducted on the treatment of phlegm cough with miana leaf extract in vitro (effective dose of miana leaf extract as an expectorant and antibacterial agent causing cough with phlegm). The study aims to compare the antioxidant activity of miana leaves from 3 locations where it grows, determine the types of contaminant bacteria in the sputum of cough sufferers, determine the minimum value of inhibitor concentration (MIC) and MKC of miana leaves against the test bacteria causing cough with phlegm, determine the effective dose of miana leaves that can used as a reference for coughing up phlegm and proving the potential of miana leaves as a sputum thinner. Miana leaf extraction is done by the juicer method. Antioxidant activity testing uses the DPPH method. Determination of test bacteria is done by isolating and identifying contaminant bacteria in the sputum sample of cough with phlegm. Testing the effectiveness of miana leaves against test bacteria is determined by the liquid dilution method. Expectorant activity testing was determined by measuring the viscosity of mucus viscosity of cow intestine treated with miana leaf extract. The results found that antioxidant activity was influenced by the location where miana leaves grew with an antioxidant potential of IC72 0.072 mg/ml - 0.76 mg/ml. Contaminant bacteria from sputum samples of cough patients are Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterobacter agglomerans. MIC values for contaminant bacteria are 0.1% - 0.75% and MKC values are found between 0.25% - 1.75%. miana leaf extract has the potential as a sputum thinner at a concentration of 0.01% - 0.1%. The recommended dose of miana leaf extract as a cough with phlegm is 1.75% w/v.
IN VITRO ANTI-WRINKLE AND TYROSINASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF GRAPEFRUIT PEEL and STRAWBERRY EXTRACTS
Authors: Lukitaningsih Endang , Nur Syamsu , Qonithah Fadilah , Zulbayu Andi , Kuswahyuning Rina , Rumiyati Rumiyati
Published: January 2021

The research aims to analyse the antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-wrinkle activities from grapefruit (Citrus Maxima L) and strawberry extracts. Samples were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol and ethyl acetate, subsequently. The Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) were used to measure the antioxidant activity. The effect of anti-wrinkle was determined by testing the inhibition of elastase and collagenase enzyme, while anti-tyrosinase activity was analysed using mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. The results showed that strawberry extracts in ethanolic (SE) and ethyl acetate (SEA) have antioxidant activity in FRAP (EC50 = 404.39 ± 3.27 µg / mL and 1978.65 ± 37.25 µg/mL) and BCB (IC50 = 292.30 ± 4.69 µg/mL and 671.11 ± 6.74 µg/mL). Whereas the grapefruit peel extracts both in ethanolic (GPE) and ethyl acetate (GPEA) have antioxidant activity in FRAP (EC50 219.47 ± 71.96 µg / ml and 309.44 ± 95.76 µg/ml) and BCB (EC50 245.19 ± 162.47 µg/ml and 567.54 ± 95.31 µg/ml). As positive standards for FRAP antioxidant analysis were quercetin and vitamin C which has IC50 respectively 18.97 ± 4.50 µg/mL and 24.47 ± 1.44 µg/mL. While in BCB analysis, Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) used as positive standard (IC50 38.68 ± 5.70 µg/mL). The samples of SE, SEA, GPE and GPEA showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity which the IC50 values were respectively 492.68 ± 1.43; 2658 ± 48.08; 3312.5 ± 222.74; 2985.17 ± 122.80 µg/ml. Kojic acid (IC50 111.52 ± 0.42 µg/ml) is used as positive standard in this study. In addition, SE, SEA, GPE and GPEA were able to inhibit elastase and collagenase enzymes, although their activities were still lower than the positive standard used in this study. Elastastinal in concentration 50 µg/mL giving elastase inhibition about 71.71 ± 0.81 µg/mL, while vitamin C in the same concentration showed collagenase inhibition about 66.79 ± 1.23 µg/mL. It can be concluded that the extract of strawberry and grapefruit peel has antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-wrinkle activity through inhibition of elastase and collagenase enzymes; thus, they can be used as antiaging cosmetic ingredients.
Modeling of a 1kW free piston Stirling engine: Opportunity for sustainable electricity production
Authors: Ávila  Pérez José Rodrigo , Gutiérrez Urueta Geydy Luz , Tapia Rodríguez Fidencio , Araoz Joseph Ademar
Published: January 2021

As part of the many alternatives for the development of new methods for sustainable energy transformation, the Stirling engine is distinguished due to the characteristics of an external combustion engine, with many advantages. These engines can be activated with heat, representing an additional option for the use of renewable energy. The Free Piston Stirling Engine (FPSE) is special due to the elimination of all wearing mechanisms of a typical kinematic Stirling engine. A linear mechanical storage device replaces the crank device of the kinematic one, making possible long operating life, higher efficiency and zero maintenance. This document presents a theoretical model of a Free Piston Stirling Engine (FPSE) based on a dynamical and thermal analysis. As the core of the study, the “first order analysis” of the thermal machine is implemented by taking some ideal assumptions. A technique of evolutionary computation is presented as a feasible solution for finding functional correct design parameters. For the dynamical part, the mathematical model is obtained through energy balances, and then a stability study is implemented to assure the oscillations of the machine. Results include several cases, which offers parameters such as cylinder and rod area, cooler temperature, heater temperature, piston and displacer mass, piston and displacer stiffness, phase angle, frequency and power. It is critical to consider the sensibility of the system, and therefore, it is essential to apply a stability analysis in order to fully understand the behavior of the thermal machine. Results are compared are compared in terms of a calculated error considering first order analysis and the stability study developed with the Schmidt analysis.
The Effect of Regional Minimum Wage and Inflation on HDI in Central Java
Authors: Cahyanti Siska Ardi , Fevriera Sotya
Published: January 2021

Since 2017 Central Java has a high Human Development Index (HDI); its rank in 2019 is still the same as in 2010. The study investigates regional minimum wage and inflation facts in Central Java and how the HDI estimation model's constants differ differregency/city in different regions of Central Java. The study utilizes the Fixed Effect Model built using panel data for 2010-2019. It employs the Least Square Dummy Variable Model to get the difference constant for each regency and city in Central Java. The FEM model implies that the effects of RMW and inflation are the same for all regencies/cities, caused by the same cultural background. The results of this study show that RMW and inflation have significant positive effects on HDI and that cities tend to have higher constants compared to regencies
School Administrator Engagement in Teacher Induction and Mentoring: Findings from Statewide and District-Wide Programs
Authors: Kutsyuruba Benjamin
Published: January 2021

Research shows that school administrators’ engagement is vital in creating a structure supportive of induction and mentoring for early career teachers. This article details a mixed-method research study that examined the role and impact of school administrators’ engagement in four teacher induction programs in the United States (two statewide and two district-wide) supported by the New Teacher Center. The results identify administrator role expectations and participants’ perceptions of the programs, and they indicate how vital school administrators’ leadership and commitment are to a successful program. The article concludes with implications for theory, practice, policy, and further research.
To the flora of the Natural Monument «Zeleninsky les» (Bryansk Region)
Authors:   Bryansk State University named after Acad. I. G. Petrovsky, Panasenko Nikolay , Mikhailovna Natalia ,   The Main Botanical Garden named after N. V. Tsitsin of the RAS, Semenishchenkov Yury ,   Bryansk State University named after Acad. I. G. Petrovsky, Kharin Andrey ,   Bryansk State University named after Acad. I. G. Petrovsky
Published: January 2021

Based on the data of floristic and geobotanical studies carried out by the authors in 2014–2020, an analysis of herbarium collections (BRSU) and some literary sources on the flora and vegetation of the region, a List of vascular plants of the nature monument «Zeleninsky les» (Bryansk Region, Russia) composed. The List includes 458 species, 14 of which are included in the regional Red Data Book. It reflects the state of the flora at the mo-ment and will be in demand for further monitoring of the biodiversity of the natural monument. As the research has shown, the territory of the «Zeleninsky les» is of great importance for the preservation of floristic diversity and regionally rare species of vascular plants. However, the state of the vegetation cover of this protected area raises serious concerns. Currently, there is a rapid change in the appearance of plant communities due to xero-phytization of the valley of the Sev River and its tributaries. The introduction and dominance of dangerous alien plants Acer negundo and Heracleum sosnowskyi in natural communities can lead to a reduction in the floristic diversity of protected area.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON GROWTH AND LIGNOCELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF NINE SARCODONTIA CROCEA STRAINS IN FOUR DIFFERENT MEDIA
Authors:   Komarov Botanical Institute of the RAS, Volobuyev Sergey , Shakhova Natalia ,   Komarov Botanical Institute of the RAS
Published: January 2021

The results of a study of growth characteristics, macromorphological features and biosynthetic potential of nine dikaryotic strains of Sarcodontia crocea (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) maintained in the Komarov Botanical Institute Basidiomycetes Culture Collection (LE-BIN) are presented. The strains studied were extracted from the basidiocarps collected on Malus domestica in the Belgorod, Oryol and Rostov Oblasts, as well as by seeding of basidiospores. The cultural and morphological characteristics and enzymatic activity of S. crocea were tested on both standard nutrient media (malt-extract agar – MEA, glucose-peptone agar – GPA) and modified semi-synthetic agarized media. Original compositions has been developed and for the first time nutrient media pre-pared using water-based wood extracts from Malus domestica (Malus-M) and Pyrus communis (Pyrus-M) have been approved. It was found that a significant reduction in growth rates was observed during the cultivation of S. crocea on agarized nutrient media of GPA, Malus-M and Pyrus-M. The studied strains on Malus-M and Pyrus-M exhibited high colony variability, sparse micelian mat, and loss of zonality and air mycelium intensity compared to MEA. It was shown that the composition of the nutrient medium strongly determined the ability of S. crocea strains to produce lignocelluolytic complex enzymes. The cellulolytic activity was noted for strains on all media studied, but no reliable differences were found in the cultivation of strains on sugar-rich MEA and three other semi-synthetic media. Only two strains (LE-BIN 2138 and 4355) were identified as having high cellulolytic activ-ity when grown on MEA. The absence of lignolytic complex enzyme activity was demonstrated when the strains were cultivated on new modified semi-synthetic agarized media of Malus-M and Pyrus-M.
Distribution and some features of biology and ecology of alien species Dipsacus fullonum L. (Dipsacaceae) in the Bryansk Region
Authors:   Bryansk State University named after Acad. I. G. Petrovsky, Kharin Andrey , Dalinina Ksenia ,   Bryansk State University named after Acad. I. G. Petrovsky
Published: January 2021

The article discusses the distribution and some features of the biology and ecology of the alien species Dipsacus fullonum L. (Dipsacaceae) within the secondary area in the Bryansk Region. The new localities of the species in the region are given. The plant communities in which D. fullonum is the dominant are described. The results of an experiment to determine the germination of seeds in laboratory conditions on various substrates are consid-ered. The materials on the study of various age states are presented. Within the secondary area in the Bryansk Region, D. fullonum exhibits the properties of an ephemerophyte-colonophyte and spreads only through dis-turbed habitats. The species has a weak competitiveness, as a result of which, in the places of observation during the succession, it is likely to be replaced from the originally occupied territories by perennials, in particular, Cal-amagrostis epigeios and Solidago canadensis. There is still insufficient data to predict the distribution and threats from D. fullonum in the region, however, it can be argued that this species does not exhibit the properties of a transformer.
Rethinking the role of business school in creating corporate managers
Authors: Raja Khurram Parvez , Zahid Muhammad Anowar
Published: January 2021

Distinguished from the traditional forms of business, namely proprietorship and partnership, a corporation emerged as a new type of business organization in the middle of the nineteenth century in American society, which accepted it only on the understanding that the corporate managers should be professionally well trained and socially beneficial (Khurana, 2010). In order to prepare these new professionals, the business schools came into being in America and elsewhere (Khurana, 2010). However, corporate scandals and financial crises of the late 20th and early 21st centuries posed a valid question about the originally expected role of corporate managers and, in turn, their educators, the business schools. This paper is an attempt to review the
post-scandal notion of a corporation and the role of the managers propounded by Canals (2009) and others like Wilson (2004), Mesure (2008), and Koch (2010). It is a qualitative research that finds inadequacies with the existing scholarships and so
re-conceptualizes corporation from a holistic perspective. Within that framework, it proposes that the business schools adopt a number of measures to prepare the corporate managers who would efficiently serve the interests of the shareholders and, at the same time, of other stakeholders equally including the society as a whole.
Returning Migrants in the People’s Republic of China: Challenges and Perspectives—Evidence from Chongqing
Authors: Tadevosyan Gohar , Chen Shaojun , Liu Rong
Published: January 2021

This working paper examines the push and pull factors that shape return migration in the People’s Republic of China. This study draws on primary qualitative research in Dianjiang County of Chongqing Municipality. The push and pull factors are associated with the availability of assets both in migration destinations and back at home that the migrants can draw upon to support their livelihoods. These assets comprise financial, human, and social capital; family relations; access to social security, housing and infrastructure; and productive assets such as land.
Encapsulation of peach waste extract in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells
Authors: Cvetkovic Dragoljub , Ranitovic Aleksandra , Seregelj Vanja , Sovljanski Olja , Vulic Jelena , Jovic Branislav , Pavlovic Vladimir
Published: January 2021

As a secondary industrial product, peach waste (PW) presents an ecological problem, but is potentially a rich source of natural antioxidants. A potential and novel way to improve the phytochemical stability of waste rich in phytochemicals is encapsulation in yeast cells that possess good structural characteristics. In the present study, PW extract was encapsulated in non-plasmolyzed, plasmolyzed and living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells using the freeze-drying method. HPLC analysis revealed that ?-carotene is the most abundant carotenoid, while epicatechin and catechin are the most abundant phenolics in PW. The highest encapsulation efficiency of carotenoids (86.59 %), as well as phenolics (66.98 %), was obtained with freeze-dried non-plasmolyzed yeast cells used as carriers. Although plasmolysis can cause some changes in the structure and properties of yeast cells, it did not enhance the encapsulation efficiency of present phytochemicals. Successful encapsulation of PW extract in yeast cells was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM imaging. The obtained results present the encapsulation of sensitive compounds in yeast cells by freeze-drying as an excellent method for preserving valuable compounds and their potential use in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Nonintrusive estimation of subsurface geometrical attributes of the melt pool through the sensing of surface oscillations in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Caprio Leonardo , Demir Ali Gökhan , Previtali Barbara
Published: January 2021

Molten pool geometry, whose surface parameters may be extrapolated through direct process observations, has been identified as a fundamental indicator of stability in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). However, a parameter that cannot be directly measured on industrial systems by means of conventional sensing equipment is the molten pool depth. Indeed, methods based on x-ray imaging demonstrated in the literature have helped to better understand the process. However, retrofitting such solutions to industrial systems does not appear as a viable route currently. Within the present investigation, a nonintrusive sensing method for the indirect measurement of subsurface molten pool geometry based on the detection of surface oscillations is presented. The analysis of frames acquired using a high-speed camera and a secondary illumination light allows the identification of the crests of capillary waves through bright reflections on the surface of the molten pool. The characteristic oscillation frequency of the surface ripples may be correlated with the penetration depth or to other subsurface geometrical parameters. Proof of concept testing of the sensing principle was conducted on two different materials, namely, AISI316L and IN718, by means of single track LPBF depositions. Experiments were conducted at different levels of laser emission power to induce variations in molten pool characteristics. The process was observed by employing an off-axis illumination light and a high-speed camera, which allowed acquisitions with high spatial and temporal resolution. The acquired frames were postprocessed to extract the oscillation indicator, and analysis of the power spectral density of the signal allowed for the identification of the oscillation frequency. Results show that oscillation frequencies range from 3 to 5.5 kHz. Molten pool penetration depth and cross-sectional area could be correlated with the oscillation frequencies for the inline detection of these parameters during LPBF depositions. For both materials, higher oscillation frequencies corresponded to a shallower molten pool and a smaller mass of molten material. Moreover, different characteristic curves of oscillation frequency variations as a function of the melt pool cross-sectional area were determined for IN718 and AISI316L.
Kiertotalouden kehykset: Vertailussa viranomaisviestintä ja kansalaisten määritelmät
Authors: Virsu Ville , Sjöblom Paula
Published: January 2021

Kiertotaloudesta puhutaan mediassa, viranomaisviestinnässä ja poliittisessa keskustelussa paljon. Esimerkiksi Suomen hallitusohjelmassa sana kiertotalous esiintyy 30 kertaa, monen eri hallinnonalan yhteydessä, monenlaisissa kehyksissä. Tarkastelemme tässä artikkelissa, miten viranomaisviestinnän ja strategiapuheen kohdeyleisö eli suomalaiset selittävät ja kehystävät tämän Suomen tulevaisuuden keskeiseksi määrittäjäksi nostetun sanan. Vertaamme pääasiassa yliopisto-opiskelijoista koostuvan vastaajajoukon määritelmiä viranomaisviestinnässä ja tiedeyhteisössä vakiintuneisiin merkityksiin ja pohdimme kiertotalous-sanan mahdollisia ongelmia viestinnän ydinsanana. Teoreettinen näkökulmamme on pääosin kehysanalyyttinen, ja hyödynnämme tässä yhteydessä myös kehyssemanttista teoriaa. Viranomaiset ja tiedeyhteisö viittaavat kiertotaloudella yleensä kokonaan uuteen talousmalliin, jossa keskeistä on uusien liiketoimintamahdollisuuksien löytäminen ja sitä kautta kansantalouden kasvu ja kilpailukyvyn turvaaminen myös tulevaisuudessa. Kyselyymme vastanneiden tulkinnoissa kiertotalous samastuu pitkälti kierrätykseen, joka on lopulta melko kapea kiertotalouden osa-alue. Käy myös ilmi, että huomattava osa vastaajista ei osaa sijoittaa kiertotaloutta mihinkään viranomaisviestinnän näkökulmasta relevantteihin kehyksiin.
Persepsi Penganut Muslim dan bukan Muslim terhadap Isu-Isu Sensitif Agama: Kajian di Lembah Klang
Authors: ABDUL RAHMAN NUR FARHANA , MUHAMMAD SHAH NUR SYARIHAH
Published: January 2021

Religious sensitive issues are frequently raised in the Malaysia community whether by Muslims or non-Muslims. The rise of these issues could affect the peace and harmony of the country if it is not well handled. Therefore, this article aims to examine the perceptions of religious people in the Klang Valley on issues of religious sensitivity as well as explaining the level and factors of religious sensitivity. The study used quantitative methods through the distribution of questionnaires to 384 respondents living in the Klang Valley, namely, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. The respondents consisted of Muslims, Buddhists, Hindus and Christians. The findings of the study were descriptively analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. The study found that the most sensitive issue in theological context was the contempt of the scriptures or religious practices, in the social context was the act of doing damage to the synagogue while in the context of ethics it was an insult to the body or body of the religious. The level of religious sensitivity reported to be high on matters of theology and ethics but on social matters, it is at a moderate level. This indirectly indicates that matters affecting theology and ethics are more sensitive than social matters. Studies have also reported that the biggest obstacle to maintaining religious sensitivity is social media as the platform often presents news of religious tensions leading to prejudice among people of various religions.
Implikasi Sedentarisasi terhadap Konsep Ruang dan Relasi Gender Suku Laut: Sebuah Tafsir Antropologis
Authors: Rohmatunisa Firstdha Harin Regia
Published: January 2021

Telah lama para peneliti tertarik untuk mengkaji budaya maritim masyarakat seafaring atau juga yang biasa disebut sebagai sea nomad, seperti Suku Laut di Kepulauan Riau. Namun sejak tahun 1990-an, kelompok masyarakat ini telah mengalami perubahan yang diawali dengan terjadinya sedentarisasi. Mereka yang biasa hidup mengarungi lautan dengan sampan beratap kajang, kini telah memiliki rumah di tepian sebagai tempat untuk menetap. Artikel ini membahas mengenai implikasi dari sedentarisasi terhadap spasialitas Suku Laut, serta dinamika relasi gender yang hadir karena perubahan tersebut. Melalui studi pustaka, diketahui bahwa sedentarisasi membawa dinamika terhadap konsep ruang dan relasi gender di Suku Laut. Dinamika tersebut dilihat melalui kehadiran rumah sebagai ruang antara yang menjembatani antara seascape dan landscape. Melalui kerangka gendered space, rumah menjadi lokus terjadinya artikulasi gender yang mendorong Suku Laut untuk mendefinisikan ulang relasi serta peranan perempuan di dalam dan di luar komunitas. Kajian ini memberi gambaran mengenai perubahan dan problematika yang berkaitan dengan ruang dan gender Suku Laut di Kepulauan Riau.
The Influence of Resource-based Learning Model based on Flashcard toward Students’ Problem-Solving Abilities
Authors: Angelica Debbi , Novitasari Aulia
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of the Resource-based learning model (RBL) based on flashcards on students’ problem-solving abilities and motivation. The design of this research quasi-experimental with a posttest only control group design. The data analysis techniques employed in this research were the normality test using the Lilifors test and the MANOVA test to determine the hypothesis. Based on the analysis, the MANOVA test to determine the average score difference of students’ problem-solving abilities in the experimental class and the control class obtained a sig value of 0.00 so that sig. 2 (tailed) ≤ 0.05 which indicated that H0 was rejected and Hi was accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Resource-based learning model (RBL) based on flashcards influenced the students’ problem-solving abilities and learning motivation.
The Influence of Acacia Parasite Filtrate as Bioinsecticide for Bagworms (Methane Plana)
Authors: Murod Makmun , Ainurrohmah Cicik , Nufus Hayatin
Published: January 2021

Dendrophthoe pentandra is a plant parasite that can be detrimental to the host plant and attacks various types of trees, such as acacia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and determine the concentration of acacia parasite filtrate on bagworms. This research was an experimental study which used 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% parasite filtrate concentrations. The study employed the Completely Randomized Design method with ANOVA as the method of analysis. Based on the results of phytochemical tests, the parasite filtrate contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, phenolics, and tannins. The ANOVA test results showed that the concentration of acacia parasite filtrate affected the mortality of the bagworms. Furthermore, based on Duncan's test, the most effective concentrations to be applied were 80%, 60%, and 100%.
The Digestibility of Banana Peel and Testa coconut and Its Effects on the Growth and Mortality of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) at Constant Feeding Rates
Authors: Putra Ramadhani Eka , Margareta Alfariana , Kinasih Ida
Published: January 2021

Organic waste produced by economic activities may create health, aesthetic, and economic problems. One of the approaches applied to solve this problem is the utilization of decomposer macrofauna to decompose the waste. One of the decomposers with great potential is Black Soldier Fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) that can consume various types of organic wastes and converts it into biomass with high protein and lipid content. In this study, banana peels and coconut testa had been fed to the larvae at 200 mg/larvae/day as the objects that represented organic wastes with low fiber content and high fiber content respectively. The purpose of this study was to observe the growth and efficiency of BSF larvae in decomposing those wastes. The analysis was conducted on some parameters such as the growth and consumption rate, the efficiency of conversion of digested (ECD), waste reduction index, and mortality rate. The results showed that BSF larvae THAT consumed banana peel had a higher final weight (58.24 mg), growth rate, and consumption rate while the mortality rate was lower than BSF larvae that consumed coconut testa. The ECD of the larvae group that consumed banana peel was higher than the larvae group that consumed coconut testa. The waste reduction index of banana peel was higher than coconut testa (1.5 and 1.4, respectively). The larvae that consumed coconut testa had a longer pupation period (9±1,75 days) compared to the larvae that consumed banana peel. Based on this result, it can be concluded that the fiber content of organic waste affected the decomposition rate and growth of BSF larvae.
Gradual formation of the high school students’ motivational readiness for professional identity in the context of the subject-oriented instruction
Authors: Lyubyagina Olga Anatolievna , Gilmeeva Rimma Khamidovna , Tuguz Nalbiy Salikhovich
Published: January 2021

The object of the research is the multidisciplinary schools of the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of the study in the context of subject-oriented instruction is to develop and test the stages of the formation of high school students’ motivational readiness for professional identity. To achieve the goal of the research we used such methods as theoretical (comparative historical analysis), empirical (the study of the students via teacher observation, questionnaire), mathematical (processing of the obtained results by means of statistical processing of research results). The particular practical usefulness of the article is in the fact that it has developed and implemented in practice the scheme for the gradual formation of the high school students’ motivational readiness for professional identity in the context of subject-oriented instruction, which makes it possible to apply the research data by teachers of multidisciplinary lyceums, gymnasiums, specialists from institutions of additional education and a system of additional professional education.
Wybrane aspekty zarządzania wodą i powierzchnią ziemi ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem planowania przestrzennego
Authors: Hakuć-Błażowska Anna , Napiórkowska-Baryła Agnieszka , Turkowski Konrad
Published: January 2021

Woda oraz powierzchnia ziemi są tymi zasobami, których zarządzanie ma ogromny wpływ na funkcjonowanie całości gospodarki oraz oddziałuje bezpośrednio na społeczeństwa i ekosystemy. Zasoby te traktuje się jako strategiczne, a podstawowe decyzje w ich zakresie są podejmowane i realizowane pod nadzorem administracji publicznej. Wzajemne powiązania powodują, że gospodarowanie zasobami środowiska jest złożonym procesem o charakterze systemowym. Wstępnym warunkiem sukcesu każdego procesu realizowanego przez administrację publiczną jest spójne i efektywne planowanie. Kluczową rolę w tym zakresie odgrywa planowanie przestrzenne. Choć powiązania wody z otaczającym ją gruntem są dość oczywiste, to dopiero po przekroczeniu możliwości asymilacji zanieczyszczeń spływających do wód zdano sobie sprawę, że efektywna ochrona wód jest niemożliwa bez odpowiedniego planowania, a następnie zagospodarowania gruntów. Innymi słowy, skuteczna ochrona gruntów jest warunkiem skutecznej ochrony zasobów wodnych. Koncepcja ta znana jako zintegrowane zarządzanie zasobami wodnymi stanowi fundament Ramowej Dyrektywy Wodnej i jest powszechnie stosowaną wytyczną międzynarodowych, krajowych i regionalnych programów gospodarki wodnej na całym świecie. Opracowanie stanowi próbę wspólnego przedstawienia powyższych, ściśle powiązanych zagadnień. Opracowanie jest podzielone na trzy części: zarządzanie zasobami wodnymi (część 1.), ochronę powierzchni ziemi (część 2.) oraz planowanie i zagospodarowanie przestrzenne (część 3.). W części pierwszej zostały przedstawione ogólne zasady gospodarki wodnej, ewolucja praw do wód oraz najważniejsze zmiany w zarządzaniu zasobami wodnymi w Polsce, związane z realizacją aktualnej ustawy wodnej. Część druga obejmuje zagadnienia dotyczące ochrony powierzchni ziemi, w tym prawo ochrony ziemi i jego funkcje oraz ogół kwestii związanych z ochroną gleb, gruntów rolnych i lasów. W części trzeciej zostały omówione uwarunkowania środowiskowe w procesie planowania i zagospodarowania przestrzennego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem poziomu lokalnego. Przedstawiono też podstawowe dokumenty planistyczne, w tym strategiczną ocenę oraz prognozę oddziaływania na środowisko.