bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network Analysis, and Experimental Validation to Uncover the Mechanism of the Four Compounds in Artemisia Annua (Qing Hao) Antimalarial
Authors: zhao yuping , Zhang Xiao-bo , Xu Hai-yu , Wang Ling , Huang Lu-qi
Published: August 2020

Background

Artemisinin is widely used to treat malaria, but the antimalarial mechanism and coordinative interactions governing the actions of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid have not been elucidated.
Methods

Based on the existence of antimalarial drugs, the antimalaria targets of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid were investigated by molecular docking using the similarity theory of chemical structure, and the antimalaria mechanism of scopoletin and its coordinative antimalaria interactions with the other three ingredients of the mixture were subsequently explored.
Results

Using the text information excavation method, the relevant proteins involved in the antimalarial effect of artemisinin were determined to be IL-6, ACHE, PC3, IPOB, CYC, TNF-α, UGT1A9, CASP3, XDH, IL-1β, VEGF, CAT, CREB, AMPK, UGT1A6, ADR, MAPK, COX2, LB24AB and CYP450. Meanwhile, the relevant proteins involved in the antimalarial effect of scopoletin were TNF-α, PI3K, IL-8, IL- 6, VEGF, IL-1β, MAPK, CD4, SP2, CTNNB, CASP3, PRO1400, IgE, IL-4, ICAM1, p38, STAT3, TLR4 and API4. However, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid had little relevance to the abovementioned proteins. The interaction property between TNF-α and Artemisia annua was that the effect of the mixture of artemisinin, scopoletin, arteannuin B and artemisinic acid was greater than that of artemisinin, and the synergistic effect of the four elements was considered to be beneficial to the progress of antimalarial treatment.
Conclusion

Antimalarial targets of Artemisia annua ingredients were explored with data mining methods, and the antimalarial effect of scopoletin may be related to TNF. Combined application of the four elements could achieve the same antimalarial effect and reduce the clinical usage of artemisinin and scopoletin.
Clinical deployment and validation of a radiology artificial intelligence system for COVID-19
Authors: Hashemian Behrooz , Manchanda Aman , Li Matthew D. , Farzam Parisa , Dash Suma D. , Ihsan Alvin , Guan Jiahui , Haukioja Risto , Arun Nishanth Thumbavanam , Naidu Ram , Schultz Thomas , Andriole Katherine P. , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Dreyer Keith J.
Published: August 2020

The global COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted patient care delivery in healthcare systems world-wide. For healthcare providers to better allocate their resources and improve the care for patients with severe disease, it is valuable to be able to identify those patients with COVID-19 who are at higher risk for clinical complications. This may help to optimize clinical workflow and more efficiently allocate scarce medical resources. To this end, medical imaging shows great potential and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been developed to assist in diagnosing and risk stratifying COVID-19 patients. However, despite the rapid development of numerous AI models, these models cannot be clinically useful unless they can be deployed in real-world environments in real-time on clinical data. Here, we propose an end-to-end AI hospital-deployment architecture for COVID-19 medical imaging algorithms in hospitals. We have successfully implemented this system at our institution and it has been used in prospective clinical validation of a deep learning algorithm potentially useful for triaging of patients with COVID-19. We demonstrate that many orchestration processes are required before AI inference can be performed on a radiology studies in real-time with the AI model being just one of the components that make up the AI deployment system. We also highlight that failure of any one of these processes can adversely affect the model's performance.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers risk of infection and outcomes in a large, integrated health system.
Authors: Misra-Hebert Anita D , Jehi Lara , Ji Xinge , Nowacki Amy S. , Gordon Steven , Terpeluk Paul , Chung Mina K. , Mehra Reena , Dell Katherine M. , Pennell Nathan , Hamilton Aaron , Milinovich Alex , Kattan Michael W. , Young James B.
Published: August 2020

Background: Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers (HCW) is crucial.Objective: Utilizing a health system COVID-19 research registry, we assessed HCW risk for COVID-19 infection, hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.Design: Retrospective cohort study with overlap propensity score weighting.Participants: Individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large academic healthcare system (N=72,909) from March 8-June 9 2020 stratified by HCW and patient-facing status. Main Measures: SARS-CoV-2 test result, hospitalization, and ICU admission for COVID-19 infection. Key Results: Of 72,909 individuals tested, 9.0% (551) of 6,145 HCW tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared to 6.5% (4353) of 66,764 non-HCW. The HCW were younger than non-HCW (median age 39.7 vs. 57.5, p<0.001) with more females (proportion of males 21.5 vs. 44.9%, p<0.001), higher reporting of COVID-19 exposure (72 vs. 17 %, p<0.001) and fewer comorbidities. However, the overlap propensity score weighted proportions were 8.9 vs. 7.7 for HCW vs. non-HCW having a positive test with weighted odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-1.38. Among those testing positive, weighted proportions for hospitalization were 7.4 vs.15.9 for HCW vs. non-HCW with OR of 0.42 (CI 0.26-0.66) and for ICU admission: 2.2 vs.4.5 for HCW vs. non-HCW with OR of 0.48 (CI 0.20 -1.04). Those HCW identified as patient-facing compared to not had increased odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test (OR 1.60, CI 1.08-2.39, proportions 8.6 vs. 5.5), but no statistically significant increase in hospitalization (OR 0.88, CI 0.20-3.66, proportions 10.2 vs. 11.4) and ICU admission (OR 0.34, CI 0.01-3.97, proportions 1.8 vs. 5.2).Conclusions: In a large healthcare system, HCW had similar odds for testing SARS-CoV-2 positive, but lower odds of hospitalization compared to non-HCW. Patient-facing HCW had higher odds of a positive test. These results are key to understanding HCW risk mitigation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A concomitant Guillain-Barre Syndrome with COVID-19: a first case-report in Colombia
Authors: Mackenzie Nuvia , Lopez-Coronel Eva , Dau Alberto , Maloof Dieb , Mattar Salvador , Garcia Jesus Tapia , Fontecha Briyis , Lanata Cristina , Guillen-Burgos Hernan Felipe
Published: August 2020

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, different neurological manifestations have been published. However, few cases of Guillain-Barre Syndrome and COVID-19 have been reported. We describe a concomitant Guillain-Barre Syndrome and COVID-19 patient.Case presentation: a 39 years old woman was admitted in a teaching hospital in Barranquilla, Colombia with a history of progressive general weakness with lower limb dominance. A previous symptom as ageusia, anosmia and intense headache was reported. On admission, facial diplegia, quadriparesis with lower limbs predominance and Medical Research Council Scale 2/5 in lower limbs and 4/5 in upper limbs was reported. During clinical evolution, due to general areflexia, hypertensive emergency and progressive diaphragmatic weakness, the patient was admitted to intensive care unit. Cerebrospinal Serum Fluid revealed protein-cytologic dissociation and electromyography test were compatible with Guillain-Barre Syndrome. By symptoms before hospitalization, SARS-CoV2 diagnostic testing was performed with positive result in second test. Management to COVID-19 and Guillain Barre Syndrome was performed and patient was discharged after 20 days of hospitalization with clinical improvement.Conclusions: Few cases have been published reporting COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre Syndrome. We report the first confirmed case of COVID-19 with concomitant Guillain-Barre Syndrome in Colombia. In patients with Guillain-Barre Syndrome, several viral and bacterial pathogens have been found in case-control studies but there are do not clarity in what triggers the immune-mediated destruction of nerves. More studies are needed to determine possible association among COVID-19 exposure and Guillain-Barre Syndrome.
Sex and age differences in COVID-19 mortality in Europe 
Authors: Ahrenfeldt Linda Juel , Otavova Martina , Christensen Kaare , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune
Published: August 2020

Aim: To examine the magnitude of sex differences in survival from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Europe across age and countries. We hypothesise that men have higher mortality than women at any given age, but that sex differences will decrease with age as only the strongest men survive to older ages.Methods: We used population data from Institut National D’Études Démographiques on cumulative deaths due to COVID-19 from February to June 2020 in 10 European countries: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, The Netherlands, England & Wales, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal. For each country, we calculated cumulative mortality rates stratified by age and sex and corresponding relative risks for men vs. women.Results: The relative risk of dying from COVID-19 was higher for men than for women in almost all age groups in all countries. The overall relative risk ranged from 1.11 (95% CI 1.01-1.23) in Portugal to 1.54 (95% CI 1.49-1.58) in France. In most countries, sex differences increased until ages 60-69 years, but decreased thereafter with the smallest sex difference at ages 80+.Conclusions: Despite variability in data collection and time coverage among countries, we illustrate an overall similar pattern of sex differences in COVID-19 mortality in Europe.
The involvement of Central Nervous System and sequence variability of Severe Adult Respiratory Syndrome – Coronavirus-2 revealed in autopsy tissue samples: a case report.
Authors: Marbjerg Lis Høy , Jacobsen Christina , Fonager Jannik , Bøgelund Claus , Rasmussen Morten , Fomsgaard Anders , Banner Jytte , Jensen Veronika Vorobieva Solholm
Published: August 2020

Background: The case presented here illustrates that interdisciplinary teamwork can be essential for the understanding of the COVID-19 disease presentation and enlightening of the pathophysiology. Case presentation: A 60-years-old overweight woman without any comorbidities was found dead in her apartment after 14 days of home isolation due to suspicion on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). She had reported symptoms of tachycardia, fever, and increasing respiratory difficulty one day before her death. Due to the Danish legal act on sudden deaths a forensic autopsy was performed including a thorough examination and biosampling. The results of the forensic autopsy displayed sever densified, almost airless, firm lungs, and an unspecific reactive minimal focal perivascular inflammation consisting of macrophages of the brain tissue. The final diagnosis, COVID-19 with involvement of the central nervous system was established by use of the RT-RNA analysis on cerebrospinal fluid, as well as by serologic detection of the specific antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. The genetic analysis displayed a 2 % variation between SARS-CoV-2 isolates recovered from the tracheal sample, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissues from both lungs.Conclusion: The combination of all available results revealed that the cause of death was COVID-19 with severe pulmonary disease and neuroinvasion, as well as renal affection resulting in hyponatremia. To our knowledge, it was not shown previously that neuroinvasion could be confirmed by the detection of specific antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 specific RNA in cerebrospinal fluid. This case supports hypotheses that SARS-CoV-2 may cause central nervous system infection. The genetic distinction between SARS-CoV-2 isolates was done by whole-genome sequencing, where the isolate recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid was the most different.
Linear Regression Model for Predictions of COVID-19 New Cases and New Deaths Based on May/June Data in Ethiopia
Authors: Argawu Alemayehu Siffir
Published: August 2020

Introduction: On the 15th of June 2020, we have 7,984,067 total COVID-19 cases, globally and 435,181 deaths. Ethiopia was ranked 2nd and 15th in the table by 176 new cases and by 3,521 total new cases from African countries. Then, this study aimed to predict COVID-19 new cases and new deaths based on May/June data in Ethiopia using a linear regression model.Methods: In this study, I used Pearson’s correlation analysis and the linear regression model to predict COVID-19 new cases and new deaths based on the available data from 12th May to 10th June 2020 in Ethiopia.Results: There was a significant positive correlation between COVID-19 new cases and new deaths with different related variables. In the multiple linear regression model, variables such as the number of days, the number of new laboratory tests, and the number of new cases from AA city significantly predicted the COVID-19 new cases. In this model, the number of days and new recoveries significantly predicted new deaths of COVID-19.Conclusions: The number of days, daily laboratory tests, and new cases from Addis Ababa city significantly predicted new COVID-19 cases, and the number of days and new recoveries significantly predicted new deaths from COVID-19. According to this analysis, if strong preventions and action are not taken in the country, the predicted values of COVID-19 new cases and new deaths will be 590 and 12 after two months (after 9th of August) from now, respectively. The researcher recommended that the Ethiopia government, Ministry of Health and Addis Ababa city administrative should give more awareness and protections for societies, and they should also open more COVID-19 laboratory testing centres. Generally, the obtained results of this study may help Ethiopian decision-makers put short-term future plans to face this epidemic.
Oxygen isotope ratios in zircon and garnet: A record of assimilation and fractional crystallization in the Dinkey Dome peraluminous granite, Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Quintero Raiza R. , Kitajima Kouki , Lackey Jade Star , Kozdon Reinhard , Strickland Ariel , Valley John W.
Published: August 2020

The 119 Ma Dinkey Dome pluton in the central Sierra Nevada Batholith is a peraluminous granite and contains magmatic garnet and zircon that are complexly zoned with respect to oxygen isotope ratios. Intracrystalline SIMS analysis tests the relative importance of magmatic differentiation processes vs. partial melting of metasedimentary rocks. Whereas δ18O values of bulk zircon concentrates are uniform across the entire pluton (7.7‰ VSMOW), zircon crystals are zoned in δ18O by up to 1.8‰, and when compared to late garnet, show evidence of changing magma chemistry during multiple interactions of the magma with wall rock during crustal transit. The evolution from an early high-δ18O magma [δ18O(WR) = 9.8‰] toward lower values is shown by high-δ18O zircon cores (7.8‰) and lower δ 18O rims (6.8‰). Garnets from the northwest side of the pluton show a final increase in δ18O with rims reaching 8.1‰. In situ REE measurements show zircon is magmatic and grew before garnets. Additionally, δ18O in garnets from the western side of the pluton are consistently higher (avg = 7.3‰) relative to the west (avg = 5.9‰).

These δ18O variations in zircon and garnet record different stages of assimilation and fractional crystallization whereby an initially high-δ18O magma partially melted low-δ18O wallrock and was subsequently contaminated near the current level of emplacement by higher δ18O melts. Collectively, the comparison of δ18O zoning in garnet and zircon shows how a peraluminous pluton can be constructed from multiple batches of variably contaminated melts, especially in early stages of arc magmatism where magmas encounter significant heterogeneity of wall-rock assemblages. Collectively, peraluminous magmas in the Sierran arc are limited to small <100 km2 plutons that are intimately associated with metasedimentary wall rocks and often surrounded by later and larger metaluminous tonalite and granodiorite plutons. The general associations suggest that early-stage arc magmas sample crustal heterogeneities in small melt batches, but that with progressive invigoration of the arc, such compositions are more effectively blended with mantle melts in source regions. Thus, peraluminous magmas provide important details of the nascent Sierran arc and pre-batholithic crustal structure.
Ask the Expert: A Regulatory Perspective on Clinical Trials for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Garnett Christine , Stockbridge Norman
Published: August 2020

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disease. There are 11 drugs available in the United States to treat adult PAH patients; however, all drugs primarily act through vasodilation and have modest effects on clinical endpoints. None of these drugs can claim survival benefit in their product labels. New drugs are needed that target other mechanisms in the disease to have durable benefits for patients. To demonstrate clinical benefit, new drugs are now tested in large, randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluating their effect to delay clinical worsening, a composite endpoint of morbidity events and death. Efficient clinical trial designs, such as the use of enrichment strategies, that reduce the number of patients and trial duration would be valuable for this disease. It would also be desirable to have new clinical endpoints that measure improvement in quality of life and allow the use of extrapolation strategies to the pediatric population. Academic, industry, and regulatory partnerships are key to advancing therapies for this disease.
Theoretical and Spectroscopic Characterization of API-Related Azoles in Solution and in Solid State
Authors: Marín-Luna Marta , Claramunt Rosa M. , Elguero José , Alkorta Ibon
Published: August 2020

Azoles are a family of five-membered azacyclic compounds with relevant biological and pharmacological
activity. Different subclasses of azoles are defined depending on the atomic arrangement and the number
of nitrogen atoms present in the ring: pyrazoles, indazoles, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, triazoles, benzotriazoles,
tetrazoles and pentazoles. The complete characterization of their structure and the knowledge about their crystal
packing and physical and chemical properties are of vital importance for the advancement in the design of new
azole-containing drugs. In this review, we report the latest recent contributions to azole chemistry, in particular,
those in which theoretical studies have been performed.
Prevention Knowledge and Its Practice Towards COVID-19 Among General Population of Saudi Arabia: A Gender-based Perspective
Authors: Alshammary Freah , Siddiqui Ammar Ahmed , Amin Junaid , Ilyas Muhammad , Rathore Hassaan Anwer , Hassan Ibne , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Kamal Mohammad Amjad
Published: August 2020

Background:

This study is an original contribution to the gender-based perspective of measuring
knowledge and practice towards COVID-19 among the Saudi population.

Objective:

This study investigates the existing knowledge of COVID-19 among both genders and its likely use in
practice to combat COVID-19.

Design and Setting:

Cross-sectional study with an online survey and data collected from all the five regions of
Saudi Arabia.

Participants and Methods:

A structured, self-reported validated questionnaire was developed based on the World
Health Organization (WHO) general public advice towards COVID-19 prevention. This study has employed
snow-ball sampling technique.

Sample Size:

627 participants (Male n=343, 54.7%) and (Females n=284, 45.3%).

Results:

This study has found that women not only carry better knowledge, but their practicing behavior is far
better than the male respondents. Females practiced their knowledge of hands hygiene more in comparison to
males (86% vs. 80 %, p >0.05). Female respondents were also practicing more about sneezing/coughing into their
elbows as compared to males (79% vs. 71%, p < 0.05). Likewise, the practice of knowledge of staying at home to
prevent infection (females 98.2% vs males 95.5%, p > 0.05), and (females 83.2% vs. males 81.5%, p > 0.05),
respectively.

Conclusion:

This study shows that women were more compliant with the WHO public health COVID-19 prevention
advice than men, which can decrease the chances of COVID-19 infection.
Gene Therapy in the Management of Parkinson’s Disease: Potential of GDNF as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Behl Tapan , Kaur Ishnoor , Kumar Arun , Mehta Vineet , Zengin Gokhan , Arora Sandeep
Published: August 2020

:

The limitations of conventional treatment therapies in Parkinson’s disorder, a common neurodegenerative
disorder, lead to the development of an alternative gene therapy approach. Multiple
treatment options targeting dopaminergic neuronal regeneration, production of enzymes linked with
dopamine synthesis, subthalamic nucleus neurons, regulation of astrocytes and microglial cells and
potentiating neurotrophic factors, were established. Viral vector-based dopamine delivery, prodrug
approaches, fetal ventral mesencephalon tissue transplantation and dopamine synthesizing enzyme encoding
gene delivery are significant therapies evidently supported by numerous trials. The review
primarily elaborates on the significant role of glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor in alleviating
motor symptoms and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. Neuroprotective and
neuroregenerative effects of GDNF were established via preclinical and clinical study outcomes. The
binding of GDNF family ligands with associated receptors leads to the formation of a receptor-ligand
complex activating Ret receptor of tyrosine kinase family, which is only expressed in dopaminergic
neurons, playing an important role in Parkinson’s disease, via its association with the essential protein
encoded genes. Furthermore, the review establishes delivery aspects, like ventricular delivery of recombinant
GDNF, intraparenchymal and intraputaminal delivery using infusion catheters. The review
highlights problems and challenges of GDNF delivery, and essential measures to overcome them, like
gene therapy combinations, optimization of delivery vectors, newer targeting devices, motor symptoms
curbing focused ultrasound techniques, modifications in patient selection criteria and development
of novel delivery strategies based on liposomes and encapsulated cells, to promote safe and effective
delivery of neurotrophic factor and establishment of routine treatment therapy for patients.
The Emerging Role of Stem Cells in Regenerative Dentistry
Authors: Capparè Paolo , Tetè Giulia , Sberna Maria Teresa , Panina-Bordignon Paola
Published: August 2020

Progress of modern dentistry is accelerating at a spectacular speed in the scientific, technological
and clinical areas. Practical examples are the advancement in the digital field, which has guaranteed
an average level of prosthetic practices for all patients, as well as other scientific developments,
including research on stem cell biology. Given their plasticity, defined as the ability to differentiate
into specific cell lineages with a capacity of almost unlimited self-renewal and release of
trophic/immunomodulatory factors, stem cells have gained significant scientific and commercial interest
in the last 15 years. Stem cells that can be isolated from various tissues of the oral cavity have
emerged as attractive sources for bone and dental regeneration, mainly due to their ease of accessibility.
This review will present the current understanding of emerging conceptual and technological issues
of the use of stem cells to treat bone and dental loss defects. In particular, we will focus on the
clinical application of stem cells, either directly isolated from oral sources or in vitro reprogrammed
from somatic cells (induced pluripotent stem cells). Research aimed at further unraveling stem cell
plasticity will allow to identify optimal stem cell sources and characteristics, to develop novel regenerative
tools in dentistry.
Novel Aceclofenac Cocrystals with l-Cystine: Virtual Coformer Screening, Mechanochemical Synthesis, and Physicochemical Investigations
Authors: Kumar Saroj , Gupta Amresh , Prasad Rammani , Singh Satyawan
Published: August 2020

Aim:

Current work focuses on the improvement of the solubility and dissolution of ACF by
the cocrystal approach.

Background:

Aceclofenac (ACF) is one of the commonly used Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug
(NSAID) representing a variety of therapeutic applications including management of pain, inflammation,
rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis, etc. But very low solubility and dissolution rate of ACF
compromise its therapeutic utility. Now a day’s cocrystallization technique has emerged as a novel
technique for modulation of the said problems.

Objective:

The Specific objectives of this research work were mechanochemical synthesis, characterization,
and performance evaluation of aceclofenac cocrystal.

Methods:

ACF was screened with various pharmaceutically acceptable coformers (Selected from
GRAS and EAFUS list) using MOPAC software and physical screening method to find out novel cocrystals
of ACF with enhanced solubility and dissolution rate. Novel cocrystals (multi-component crystalline
solid) of ACF with l-cystine were prepared by a neat grinding method and by liquid assisted
grinding method. The synthesized cocrystals (ACF-l-CYS NG and ACF-l-CYS LAG) were characterized
carefully by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), and Powder XRay
Diffraction (PXRD) to verify the formation of the cocrystals. Pharmaceutically significant properties
such as powder dissolution rate, solubility, and stability of the prepared cocrystals were evaluated.

Results:

Compared to pure ACF, the prepared cocrystals showed superior solubility and dissolution
rate. The prepared cocrystals were found to be stable and non-hygroscopic under study conditions.

Conclusion:

The cocrystallization technique was successfully utilized to increase the solubility and
dissolution rate of aceclofenac.
Hyaluronic Acid/Parecoxib-Loaded PLGA Microspheres for Therapy of Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Zhu Dongwang , Bai Haoran , Xu Wanning , Lai Wen , Song Liting , Deng Jiayin
Published: August 2020

Objective:

This study aimed to fabricate Hyaluronic Acid (HA)/parecoxib-loaded PLGA
microspheres for the treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and investigate the in
vitro and in vivo effect of the microsphere system to solve the issues of poor drug delivery and
short duration on drug concentration in conventional TMD therapy.

Methods:

The microspheres were prepared by the double emulsion (w/o/w) method. Various formulations
were compared in terms of particle size, drug loading rate and encapsulation rate. Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR spectroscopy
were performed to evaluate physicochemical properties. The drug release behavior of microspheres
and toxicity assay on synovial cells were investigated. The in vitro anti-inflammatory effect
on inflammatory markers, such as IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2, was assessed by real-time PCR.
Then, the in vivo therapeutic effect of microspheres was investigated using mechanically-induced
rat synovitis model. Protein levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2) from
TMJ periarticular tissues were quantified by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

Results:

The results showed that microspheres were morphologically regular, smooth and non-cohesive.
The average particle size of the microspheres was (25.32 ± 1.01) μm. The drug loading rate
of parecoxib was 17.12%-20.95% with encapsulation efficiency reaching 51.9%-54.7%. In vitro
drug release tests showed a successful sustained release over 28 days with a burst of 19.98% of the
total drug substance. Treatment with HA/parecoxib-loaded PLGA microspheres declined the mRNA
expression of IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2 induced by LPS in articular synovial cells. Moreover,
in vivo results demonstrated that the intra-articular microspheres significantly reduced protein levels
of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and COX-2) for more than two weeks and stopped
the mechanically-induced synovitis in its tracks in rat models.

Conclusion:

The study presented new and potential insights into treatments of TMD using PLGA
microspheres loaded with HA and parecoxib as a successful drug delivery system.
Design, Synthesis and Acetylcholinesterase and Butylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity of Novel 1-(Alkyl)-3-(2-oxo-2H-chromenyloxy Acetamido) methylpyridinium Salts
Authors: fard Mehri Abdollahi , Manafi Mohammadreza , Motevalian Manijeh , Homami Seyed Saied
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a novel series of 1-(alkyl)-3-(2-oxo-2H-chromenyloxy acetamido) methylpyridinium
salts were synthesized in a simple and efficient way. The method showed to be facile and the
compounds were obtained in high isolated yields. All the synthesized compounds were characterized
by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, Mass and elemental analysis. AChE and BuChE inhibition activity of
the synthesized compounds were evaluated and the results showed that all the compounds were active
in the inhibition of the mentioned enzymes. All the compounds were active in the inhibition of the two
studied enzymes. Among all the compounds, the compound 6a (1.85 μM) and 6i (0.106 μM) showed
the highest inhibition activity against AChE and BuChE, respectively. The kinetic study was performed
to get more insight into the mechanism of action of the synthesized compounds. Docking studies were
also performed to obtain the interactions between the synthesized compounds and the enzymes.
Solvent-free, Silica Catalyzed Intriguing Conversion of 3- Hydrazonobutan-2-one Oxime into Biacetyl Bis-hydrazone Schiff Bases
Authors: Aggarwal Ranjana , Hooda Mona , Kumar Prince , Sumran Garima
Published: August 2020

An expeditious and operationally simple reaction between 3-hydrazonobutan-2-one oxime
and different substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of silica afforded an unexpected product, biacetyl
bis-hydrazone Schiff bases in good yield on grinding in a mortar at room temperature, instead of
expected product 3-(aryl)methylenehydrazonobutan-2-one oxime. Mild reaction conditions involving
recyclable mineral support silica, environmentally benign and good yield in short reaction time are
remarkable advantages of this protocol. Products were characterized by IR, NMR (1H and 13C) and
elemental analyses.
Current and Future Scenario of Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Bhatt Shvetank , Kanoujia Jovita , Dhar Arghya K. , Singh Rakesh K. , Rajangam Jayaraman
Published: August 2020

The discovery of the immune checkpoint inhibitors such as programed cell death-1 protein/
Programmed death ligand-1 or 2 and (PD-1/PD-L1 or PD-L2) and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated
protein 4 (CTLA-4) paved the way for developing novel cancer treatment. The check
point inhibitors are found to be very efficient in treating many hot tumors (with immune environment)
such as bladder cancer, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC), etc. Numerous clinical trials have been initiated to evaluate the safety and effectiveness
of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with different cancer types, including hepatocellular
carcinoma (HCC), pancreatic and prostate cancer. The results and findings of these trials are highly
appreciated. However, the search for check point inhibitors with better efficacy for the treatment of
HCC is still going on. The present review focuses on advancement in HCC treatments with respect
to various standard therapies and immunotherapy.
Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Overcoming Clinical Practice Guidelines. The role of the COMPASS Strategy
Authors: Ynsaurriaga Fernando A. , Barrios Vivencio , Amaro Marisol B. , Martí-Almor Julio , Martínez Juan G. , Duque José A.A. , Ruiz-Ortiz Martín , Vázquez-García Rafael , Muñoz Alfonso V.
Published: August 2020

Current European guidelines on chronic coronary syndromes recommend the use of
low-dose aspirin (or clopidogrel if intolerance or contraindication occurs) throughout life. However,
as the risk of recurrent vascular events is high, particularly in some patients (i.e. diffuse multivessel
coronary artery disease, diabetes, recurrent myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease,
or chronic kidney disease,…), these guidelines also consider that in those patients at moderate or
high risk of ischemic events, but without a high bleeding risk, dual antithrombotic therapy should
be considered. According to these guidelines, treatment options for dual antithrombotic therapy in
combination with aspirin may include clopidogrel 75 mg/daily, prasugrel 10 mg/daily, ticagrelor
60 mg bid or rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid. Remarkably, despite the results of the clinical trials that sustain
these recommendations clearly diverge, guidelines do not differentiate between them. However,
although all these drugs have demonstrated a significant reduction in major cardiovascular
events in patients with stable atherosclerotic disease, only the addition of rivaroxaban has been associated
with a reduction in cardiovascular and overall mortality in the secondary analysis. This
may be related to the fact that the activation of platelets and factor X plays a key role in the development
of atherothrombosis, and, consequently, both targets should be considered for the appropriate
management of these patients.
Clinical Applicability of Conditioning Techniques in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Kumar Kuldeep , Singh Nirmal , Jaggi Amteshwar S. , Maslov Leonid
Published: August 2020

Ischemia refers to a reduced supply of oxygen and nutrient to the vital organ of the
body. Reperfusion to the ischemic organ is the only way to salvage injury due to ischemia. Paradoxically,
reperfusion itself induces the injury, which is more severe than the previous injury referred
to as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the major cause of mortality in the
case of ischemic diseases. The major hurdle for a clinician to treat ischemia is the reperfusion injury,
which is encountered in different surgical as well as non-surgical situations. Several therapies,
such as anti-platelets, anti-thrombolytic agents have been developed to contain ischemia-reperfusion
injury, but with limited success. Over some time, some conditioning techniques such as preconditioning
and postconditioning have been used by clinicians to overcome ischemia-reperfusion
injury. The present review focuses on the clinical applications of different conditioning techniques
in diverse pathological conditions of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Multimodal Medical Image Fusion using Rolling Guidance Filter with CNN and Nuclear Norm Minimization
Authors: Liu Shuaiqi , Yin Lu , Miao Siyu , Ma Jian , Cong Shuai , Hu Shaohai
Published: August 2020

Background::

Medical image fusion is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of
diseases. In recent years, there have been a number of different multi-modal medical image fusion
algorithms that can provide delicate contexts for disease diagnosis more clearly and more conveniently.
Recently, nuclear norm minimization and deep learning have been used effectively in image
processing.

Methods:

A multi-modality medical image fusion method using a rolling guidance filter (RGF) with
a convolutional neural network (CNN) based feature mapping and nuclear norm minimization
(NNM) is proposed. At first, we decompose medical images to base layer components and detail
layer components by using RGF. In the next step, we get the basic fused image through the pretrained
CNN model. The CNN model with pre-training is used to obtain the significant characteristics
of the base layer components. And we can compute the activity level measurement from the regional
energy of CNN-based fusion maps. Then, a detail fused image is gained by NNM. That is, we
use NNM to fuse the detail layer components. At last, the basic and detail fused images are integrated
into the fused result.

Results::

From the comparison with the most advanced fusion algorithms, the results of experiments
indicate that this fusion algorithm has the best effect in visual evaluation and objective standard.

Conclusion::

The fusion algorithm using RGF and CNN-based feature mapping, combined with
NNM, can improve fusion effects and suppress artifacts and blocking effects in the fused results.
1,3,5-Pyrazoline Derivatives in CNS Disorders: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Structural Insights through Molecular Docking
Authors: Sharma Himanshi , Chawla Pooja A. , Bhatia Rohit
Published: August 2020

Background:

Anxiety and oxidative stress are the common disorders prevailing in the modern age. Many new pyrazoline derivatives have been synthesized and patented, but there is still continuous research in progress to explore antidepressant and antioxidant potential of pyrazoline scaffold.

Objective:

The present work was carried out to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the pharmacological potential of 1,3,5-Pyrazoline derivatives.

Methods:

Ten new 1,3,5-Pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1HNMR and mass spectral techniques. The synthesized pyrazoline derivatives were investigated for their in vivo antidepressant activity by Tail Suspension Test (TST) and in vitro antioxidant activity by FRAP and DPPH assay methods. The docking studies and in silico ADME and toxicity characteristics were also evaluated.

Results:

Among the synthesized analogues, IVh showed the highest antidepressant activity with a significant reduction in the duration of immobility. The compound IVh emerged as the most potent antioxidant compound due to the presence of an electron releasing hydroxyl group. Docking studies of most potent compounds revealed good interaction points with the MAO-A enzyme. The compounds were found to obey Lipinski’s Rule of Five and displayed the least in silico toxicity profile.

Conclusion:

The synthesized compounds were found to possess great potential in decreasing the duration of immobility in Swiss albino mice and scavenging free radicals. These compounds may serve as new leads for further drug exploration.
Comparison of the Effect of Adipocyte-derived Stem Cells and Curcumin Nanoliposomes with Phenytoin on Open Cutaneous Wound Healing in Rats
Authors: Ebrahimzade Mohammadreza , Mirdoraghi Mohammad , Alikarami Ameneh , Heidari Sahar , Rastegar Tayebeh , Partoazar Ali R. , Takzaree Nasrin
Published: August 2020

Background:

Reducing the healing time of wounds can decrease the patient's immobility
time and their medical costs, leading a faster return of the patients to daily work.

Objective:

The aim of the present study is to compare the effect of adipose-derived stem cells and curcumin-
containing liposomal nanoparticles with phenytoin on wound healing.

Methods:

After anesthesia of the rats, open skin ulcers were made by a bistoury blade. Subsequently,
stem cells were removed from the adipose tissue of the upper border of the epididymis. The originality
of stem cells was then confirmed by the flow cytometry. The fusion method was used to prepare the
liposome; and also, nanoliposomal particles were confirmed by using the DLS microscope. The percentage
of recovery and the cell count was measured with IMAGEJ. The expression of genes was assessed
by PCR. The number of fibroblasts was counted by immunohistochemistry techniques. The
amount of collagen was determined by Tri-chromosome staining, and the number of capillaries was
enumerated by H & E staining.

Results:

The expression of the TGF-β1 gene, vascular number, wound healing rate and the number of
fibroblasts increased significantly in adipose tissue-derived stem cells and curcumin nanoliposome
groups (p<0.05); the wound surface was also decreased significantly (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

Based on the results of our research, adipose tissue-derived stem cells and curcumin
nanoliposomes can heal wounds efficiently.
Flavonoids Extracted from Asteriscus graveolens Improve Glucose Metabolism and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Rats
Authors: El-ouady Fadwa , Bachir Fatima , Eddouks Mohamed
Published: August 2020

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Asteriscus graveolens.

Background:

Asteriscus graveolens (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant widely used by the Moroccan population to treat various diseases including diabetes.

Objective:

This work aimed to assess the capacity of flavonoids extracted from Asteriscus graveolens (FEE) to improve diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats.

Methods:

Flavonoids were extracted from A. graveolens using the Soxhlet apparatus and using different organic solvents. Normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated orally by the extract of A. graveolens at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The oral treatment during 15 days was used to evaluate the effect of the flavonoids extracted from A. graveolens on blood glucose level and lipid profile in normal and diabetic rats. The oral glucose tolerance test as well as the analysis of histopathological examination of liver was performed. The antioxidant activity of FEE was also assessed by the method of trapping of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), in order to estimate the mechanisms of action involved by FEE to improve hyperglycemia and lipid profile in normal and diabetic rats.

Results:

FEE reduced serum glucose concentrations in both normal and diabetic rats and exhibited in the last group lowering total cholesterol and triglycerides effects as well as improvement of the HDL-cholesterol serum level. In addition, a remarkable influence on glucose tolerance was also noticed after FEE treatment. Moreover, FEE was able to improve histopathological status of liver and possess a potential antioxidant effect in vitro.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, this study demonstrates the hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of FEE in rats supporting then its traditional use for the management of diabetes.
Clinical Manifestations and Therapeutic Findings of the Children with Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Presenting Favism
Authors: Tarhani Fariba , Nezami Alireza , Heidari Ghobad , Abdolkarimi Babak
Published: August 2020

Aim:

Favism is characterized as acute anemia, due to Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency as a result of fava beans intake. It is associated with paleness, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria. In this study, signs, symptoms and therapeutic findings of the patients with hemolysis due to G6PD deficiency were investigated in Shahid Madani Hospital of Khorramabad, Lorestan.

Methods:

This is a single-center cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted on all children with G6PD deficiency-induced hemolysis.

Results:

308 children (64.3% male and 35.7% female) were included in this study. The most common complaint was jaundice (82.5%) and the most common cause of hemolysis was the intake of fava bean (85.7%). 68% of the children were treated with hydration/fluid therapy. Blood transfusion was conducted in 36.36% of the cases and the mean of blood administered was 18.9 cc/kg.

Conclusion:

In this study, hydration therapy was performed in most of the children presenting favism. Also, the incorrect calculation of the amount of blood needed for transfusion increased the frequency of blood transfusions and prolonged hospitalization time.
Sentiment Classification Using Feature Selection Techniques for Text Data
Composed of Heterogeneous Sources
Authors: Arya Vaishali , Agrawal Rashmi
Published: August 2020

Aims:

Feature Selection Techniques for Text Data Composed of Heterogeneous sources for sentiment
classification.

Objectives:

The objective of work is to analyze the feature selection technique for text gathered from different sources to
increase the accuracy of sentiment classification done on microblogs.

Methods:

Applied three feature selection techniques Bag-of-Word(BOW), TF-IDF, and word2vector to find the most
suitable feature selection techniques for heterogeneous datasets.

Results:

TF-IDF outperforms outh of the three selected feature selection technique for sentiment classification with SVM
classifier.

Conclusion:

Feature selection is an integral part of any data preprocessing task, and along with that, it is also important
for the machine learning algorithms in achieving good accuracy in classification results. Hence it is essential to find out
the best suitable approach for heterogeneous sources of data. The heterogeneous sources are rich sources of information
and they also play an important role in developing a model for adaptable systems as well. So keeping that also in mind we
have compared the three techniques for heterogeneous source data and found that TF-IDF is the most suitable one for all
types of data whether it is balanced or imbalanced data, it is a single source or multiple source data. In all cases, TF-IDF
approach is the most promising approach in generating the results for the classification of sentiments of users.
Chaotic Butterfly Optimization Algorithm Applied to Multi-objective Economic and Emission Dispatch in Modern Power System
Authors: Das Soumya Ranjan , Sahoo Arun Kumar , Panigrahi Tapas Kumar , Behera Aurobinda
Published: August 2020

Aims :

To optimize the economic and emission dispatch of the thermal power plant.

Background:

Considering both the economic and environmental aspects, a combined approach had made to attain a solution
is known as the combined economic and emission dispatch problem. The CEED problem is a nonlinear bi-objective problem with conflicting behaviour with all the practical constraints.

Objective:

A new optimization method is improvised by applying the chaotic mapping to the butterfly optimization algorithm. This method is applied to the Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch (CEED) problem for optimizing consumed fuel cost and produced environment pollutant.

Methods:

Improved Chaotic Butterfly algorithm is applied to the optimization problem to optimize combined economic and
emission dispatch.

Result :

The proposed technique is tested for four different test systems with various practical constraints like valve point
loading, ramp rate limit and prohibited operating zones. The obtained results from the chaotic butterfly optimization algorithm (CBOA) are compared with other optimization techniques provide an optimum solution for CEED problem.

Conclusion :

Considering the environmental impact the novel metaheuristic swarm intelligence technique is applied with
conflict of interest. Different test systems, with different practical operational constraints like valve-point loading, prohibited operating zones and ramp rate limits and emission dispatch have been analyzed to validate the implementation of the
proposed algorithm in real life CEED problem situations.