bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementation of Vitamin E and C in the Feed to Meat Quality of Muscovy Ducks Stored in a Temperature Chamber, Refrigerator and Freezer
Authors: Tugiyanti Elly , Yuwanta Tri , Zuprizal Zuprizal , Rusman Rusman , Ismoyowati Ismoyowati
Published: February 2017

Research has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of antioxidant supplementation of vitamin E and C in the feed to meat quality of the Muscovy duck meat stored at room temperature, refrigerator and freezer.  Eighty-four Muscovy duck tail males aged 9 weeks maintained for 5 weeks and allocated into 7 treatments with 4 replications and each replication consisted of Muscovy duck 3 heads. Completely Randomized Design was applied, in the which treatments were vitamin E and vitamin C supplementation to the basal feed containing 21% protein and 3100 kcal / kg administered metabolic energy into seven groups namely E0C0: basal feed without Vit E and Vit C, E400: basal feed plus 400 IU of vitamin E, E600: basal feed plus 600 IU of vitamin E, C400: basal feed plus 400 mg / kg feed vitamin C, C600: basal feed plus 600 mg / kg feed as much vitamin C, E200C200: basal feed plus 200 IU vitamin E and 200 mg / kg feed vitamin C, and E300C300: basal feed plus 300 IU of vitamin E and 300 mg / kg feed of vitamin C. The parameters measured were the color of meat that includes the value of L * (lightness), a * (Redness) and b * (yellowness), tenderness and cooking looses.  The data obtained and the analysis of variance followed honestly significant difference test.Muscovy duck meat that vitamin E-supplemented feed brightness levels did not differ (P> 0.05) with non-supplemented,  otherwise Muscovy duck meat that feed supplemented vitamin C or a combination of vitamin E and C levels of brightness up to 3 days either at room temperature or stored the refrigerator is still high.  Supplementation of vitamin E and C was highly significant (P <0.01) against redness (a*) meat stored in different storage means. Muscovy duck meat that feed not supplemented vitamin E and C redness (a*) did not differ (P> 0.05) between the age of 0 hours with that stored in the refrigerator or freezer. B * value of Muscovy duck meat that feed not given vitamin E and C as well as different combinations (P <0.05) with Muscovy duck meat that feed supplemented with vitamin C or a combination of vitamins E and C. The Muscovy duck meat that feed supplemented vitamin E, C or a combination of vitamins E and C if stored at room temperature or refrigerator up to 3 days the value of L* and a* is still high, but the b * low.
Productivity of Forages in Grassland Merapi Post-Eruption Area, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Umami Nafiatul , Suhartanto Bambang , Suwignyo Bambang , Suseno Nilo , Fenila Sarah Adrian , Fajarwati Ruslina
Published: February 2017

This research aimed to investigate the productivity and quality of forages (including dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, crude protein, and extract ether) in the area of Kali Kuning and Krasak River. This area was affected by Mount Merapi Eruption on 2010. The data were taken from the area around the river due to the area was found to be firstly revegetated after the eruption. The Forage classified as grass, legume and forbs. The method applied in the research was Line Intercept method which was done by seeing the botanical composition there and was performed at several observation points. The forage was taken as the sample and then calculated its production and proximately analyzed to determine its chemical composition. The results showed that around the river, the widest cover area in 2013 and 2014 was Brachiariabrizantha grasses. The largest dry matter production in 2013 was Pennisetumpurpuphoides as much as 165.57 g m–2, while in 2014 the largest production of DM was Brachiariabrizantha as much as 190.37 g m–2. Frobs with another type of weed also spread in this area. The Quality of forages around Krasak River increased in 2014 due to the addition of organic matter contained in the soil and the minerals weathering from year to year.
Reproductive Performance of Various Breeds of Sentul Chicken
Authors: Mugiyono Sigit , Saleh Dadang Mulyadi , Sukardi Sukardi
Published: February 2017

This study was conducted to determine the reproductive  performance of various breeds of Sentul chicken.  The present research was assigned in an experimental model with a completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 breeds of Sentul chicken were created as treatments, namely Abu Sentul chicken = SA; Batu Sentul Chicken=SB; Emas Sentul Chicken=SE; Debu Sentul Chicken=SD; and Geni Sentul Chicken=SG. Each treatment was repeated 5 times with 4 females and 1 male birds each, thus the total number of chickens were 100 females and 25 males with an average initial female weight was 1,336.05 ± 84,99 g and male weight was  2,050.53 ± 121,78 g.  The experiment was conducted for  14 weeks started from 20 week old until 34 week old. Variables measured were spermatozoa production, fertility, and hatchability. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and HSD test. Results showed that various breeds of Sentul chicken had no significant effect (P>0.05) on spermatozoa production, and had significant effect (P<0.05) on fertility and hatchability. It can be concluded that spermatozoa production  of various breeds of Sentul chicken are relatively similar, while fertility and hatchability of Emas chicken was lower than that of Abu Sentul chicken and Batu Sentul Chicken.
Raw Semen Characteristics of Three Different Indonesian Local Roosters
Authors: Hambu Emilia Kamung , Arifiantini Raden Iis , Purwantara Bambang , Darwati Sri
Published: February 2017

Indonesia has agreat variety of roosters, either indigenous type as well as exotic and cross breed. The purpose of this experiment was to study the characteristics of semen from three types of Indonesian local roosters such as Merawang, Kampung and crosses Sentul Kampung with Kedu (SK Kedu). A total of 15 roosters consist of  Merawang roosters,  Kampung, and SK Kedu roosters were 5 each. The semen was collected 3 times a week by dorso-abdominal and cloaca massage method. The parameters evaluation was macroscopic characteristics consist of volume, color, consistency, and pH. Microscopic evaluation of semen such as a mass movement, sperm motility, live sperm, sperm abnormality and sperm concentration. Results of this experiment showed that semen volume of  Merawang  (0.40±0.26 mL) was higher (p<0.05) compare to Kampung (0.24±0.12 mL) or  SK Kedu (0.16±0.10 mL) but no difference on semen color, consistency and semen pH. There were no difference in the mass movement, sperm motility and live sperm as well as on sperm abnormality among three types of roosters.  Sperm  concentration of Merawang (4490 million mL-1) was significantly higher than Kampung (3245 million mL-1) and the SK Kedu roosters (3751 million mL-1). Its was conclude that Merawang roosters had good semen quality better than Kampung and SK Kedu roosters
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA KIMIA SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTICANDIDAISIS SERBUK DAUN SIRIH DUDUK (Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Ex Hunter)
Authors: Suwandri Suwandri , Diastuti Hartiwi
Published: February 2017

Sirih duduk or Piper sarmentosum Roxb. ex Hunter have been long used the people in Indonesia for traditional medicine to cure various diseases. One of them was used to treat fungoid diseases. This research was aimed to examine the anticandidaisis activity from extract of P. sarmentosum leaves and to isolate and identify the anticandidaisis compounds from P. sarmentosum leaves. The isolation bioactive compounds of P. sarmentosumleaves was performed by extraction the powder of P. sarmentosum leaves using methanol and the bioactivity tests were performed against Candida albicans. The methanol extracts was then fractionated using organic solvents such as n-hexane, benzene, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Identification of the bioactive compounds was carried out using ultraviolet-visible spectrometry, fourier transform infra red spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The result showed that the chloroform fraction of methanol extract of P. sarmentosum leaves have activity against C. albicans. The fractionation was performed by coloumn chromatography using n-hexane-ethyl acetate(1:1) eluent. A bioactive compound of sinamic acid derivative was 4-ethoxy-2-hidroxy-3,5-dimethoxy sinamic acid could be purely isolated.
SINTESIS NATRIUM PENTAGAMAVUNONAT DAN UJI STABILITASNYA MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROFOTOMETER UV-Visible
Authors: Setiawan Ely , Trisnowati Trisnowati , Hermawan Dadan
Published: February 2017

A research on the synthesis of sodium pentagamavunonat (Na-PGV-0) and its stability test using UV-Visible spectrophotometer were carried out. The synthesis of Na-PGV-0 carried out by reacting PGV-0 in tetrahydrofuran solvent refluxed with sodium ethoxide in mol comparison (1:2) for two hours. Structure elucidation by spectroscopic methods using UV-Visible, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and stability test in water using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The reaction yields 107,21 % (% w/w) products. A products was soluble in water and methanol. Structure elucidation results indicated that the formed compound where the OH phenolic of pentagamavunon-0 was replaced by sodium ions. Stability test shows that decreasing of sodium
UJI AKTIFITAS ANTIKANKER EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BATANG Bruguiera gymnorhiza TERHADAP SEL MEYLOMA
Authors: Warsinah Warsinah , Lestari Puji , Trisnowati Trisnowati
Published: February 2017

Mangrove vegetation especially tanjang (Bruguiera gymnorhiza) known as a kind of plant that used as an ingredients for traditional medicine. Bioactive compound in tanjang bark has potential medical. Although there is no previous experiment about tanjang bark, few compounds from Bruguiera genus has been experimented and has an activity as an anti-cancer and anti-tumor. The purpose of this experiment is to conduct sitotoxicity tanjang bark against Meyloma cell. Tanjang bark sample that used obtained from Tritih beach at Cilacap. Tanjang bark that has been cleaned and dried is cut and then crused until it obtain powder. The powder is been maceration with 96% ethanol and been evaporation. The extract that obtain is used in sitotoxicity test using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoil-2-il)-2,5-diphenil tetrazolium bromide) method toward Meyloma cell after 24 hour of incubation using several concentration variation. Tanjang bark extract in ethanol has LC50 value 508.19 mg/ml. Morphology analyze and nuclear staining shows that there is apoptosis activity even in small amount. The result shows that tanjang bark extract has a potency as an anti-cancer toward Meyloma cell.
PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPLEKS KITOSAN HIDROGEL-TEMBAGA(II)
Authors: Mohadi Risfidian , Hidayati Nurlisa , N.R Melany
Published: February 2017

Research about preparation and characterization complex of chitosan hydrogel–copper(II) had been done. Chitosan hydrogel was obtained from deacetylation of chitin which was isolated from crab shells. Characterization included determination of N-total, Corganic , deacetylation degree, and FTIR spectroscopy. The results of research showed that obtained chitosan had 7,9571% N-total, 2,767% Corganic, and 71,486% deacetylation degree. FTIR spectrum of chitosan showed the increasing in percentage of transmitant from C=O group and the shifting in wavenumber from 1561,5 to 1563 cm-1 indicated N-H bending. Generally, FTIR spectrum of chitosan hydrogel showed the shifting to higher wavenumbers caused by changing in bond angles of chitosan group. FTIR spectrum of chitosan hydrogel-copper(II) complex showed that absorption regions of N-H group becoming wide and the shifting in wavenumber from 1594,74 to 1542,9 cm-1 whichindicated N-H bending because of copper(II) bonding to N-group of chitosan.
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA KIMIA SERTA UJI AKTIVITAS ANTICANDIDAISIS SERBUK BATANG SIRIH DUDUK (Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Ex Hunter)
Authors: Suwandri Suwandri , Diastuti Hartiwi , Purwati Purwati
Published: February 2017

Sirih duduk or Piper sarmentosum Roxb. ex Hunter have been long used the people in Indonesia for traditional medicine to cure various diseases. One of them was used to treat fungoid diseases. This research was aimed to examine the anticandidaisis activity from extract of P. sarmentosum bark, isolate and identify anticandidaisis compounds from P. sarmentosum bark. The isolation of bioactive compounds of P. sarmentosum bark was performed by extraction the powder of P. sarmentosum bark using methanol. The methanol extract was then fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform and ethylasetat. The fractions respectively was examined their activity against C. albican. The active extract was then fractionated performed by coloumn chromatography and was then separated performed by thin layer chromatography. Identification of bioactive compound was carry out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that chloroform, ethylasetat and methanol extracts of P. sarmentosum have more activities against C. albicans than miconazol. Bioactive compound from extract of P. sarmentosum bark was bis(2-ethylhexyl)phtalat.
PENURUNAN KADAR ZAT WARNA RODAMIN B MENGGUNAKAN HUMIN HASIL ISOLASI DARI TANAH HUTAN DAMAR BATURRADEN
Authors: Setyaningtyas Tien , Andreas Roy
Published: February 2017

Humin was isolated from the Baturraden resin forest and purified use mixture of HCl:HF. Purified humin is characterised such as identify of functional group of humin, stipulating of water content, stipulating of dust content, obstetrical stipulating of total acidity content, carboxylic and OH phenolic functional group. The adsorption of rodamin by humin measured by UV-Visible spectrophotometer at maximum wavelength of rodamin B liquid, optimum pH and optimum contact time to determine absorbtion capacities and isotherm adsorption pattern .Humin that isolated from Baturraden resin forest have characteristic such as water content 16.6199 %; dust content 9.2050 %; total acidity content 475 cmol / Kg; carboxylic rate 200 cmol/Kg, and OH phenolic rate 275 cmol/Kg. Maximum wavelength of rodamin B is 554 nm and optimum contact time of adsorption rodamin B by humin is 180 minute with optimum pH 4. Adsorption rodamin B by humin follows the pattern of Langmuir isotherm adsorptionwith the value of R2 is 0.9801 and absorption capacities is 39,5257 mg/g.
PREPARASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KITIN DARI KULIT UDANG PUTIH (Litophenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Kurniasih Mardiyah , Windy Dwiasi Dian
Published: February 2017

Chitin is one of the most abundant natural polysaccharides produced by many living organisms; it is usually found as a component of crustacean shells. In this paper, Chitin have been isolated from white shrimp (Litophenaeus vannamei). The preparation of chitin using chemical products to deproteinize and demineralize the source material. Characterization included determination of water, ash, fat and protein degree; moreover chitin powder characterize with FTIR and XRD spectroscopy. The result showed that process efficiency of chitin from white shrimp (Litophenaeus vannamei) was 20.95%, with degree of water, ash, fat and protein were 5.39, 2.66, 1.54 and 36.16%, respectively.
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH LOGAM BERAT INDUSTRI TEKSTIL MENGGUNAKAN FOTOKATALIS TiO2/ARANG AKTIF
Authors: Riyani Kapti , Setyaningtyas Tien , Andreas Roy
Published: February 2017

Study about the use of active charcoal rice straws (AAJP) was done in order to decrease heavy metal ion on textile waste water by using photocatalyst AAJP/TiO2. Rice straws were gained from the Banyumas Regency and samples textile waste water from one of textile industry in Pemalang. This study was begun by the making of active charcoal from the rice straws, and then the modification of photocatalyst AAJP/TiO2 was done with the comparison 1:99, 2:98, 3:97, 4:96, 5:95. The test of heavy metal ion photoreduction was done with some parameters such as weight comparison (1:99, 2:98, 3:97, 4:96, 5:95), pH effect (2, 5, 7, 9, 13) and the effect of ray source (sun light and the UV lamp). Analysis of photocatalyst material used SEM and heavy metal ion concentration used AAS. Results show that optimum photocatalyst activity in weight comparison AAJP300oC / TiO2 (1:99) with decrease concentration was 65.02% for heavy metal ion, mean while AAJP700oC / TiO2 (3:97) with decreased concentration of heavy metal ion is 94.50%. Optimal process for heavy metal ion reduction occur at pH 2 with decreased concentration of heavy metal ion for AAJP300oC / TiO2 (1:99) is 99.87% and for AAJP700oC /TiO2 (3:97) is 100%. The source of UV lamp was good for heavy metal ion photoreduction (AAJP300oC/TiO2(1:99) was 99.87% and AAJP700oC/TiO2 (3:97) was 100%)
PENUMBUHAN DAN KARAKTERISASI LAPISAN TIPIS PbTiO3 YANG DISIAPKAN DENGAN TEKNIK SPIN COATING
Authors: Bilalodin Bilalodin
Published: February 2017

The growth of PbTiO3 ferroelectric thin films have successfully done. Thin films were made from bulk (powder) PbTiO3 dissolved in methanol solution. The condensation was mixed during 1 hour to get homogeneous condensation. Thin films were grown above corning substrates by spin coating method. Optimation was done by various of annealing temperature. The physical properties of thin films were characterized by Energi Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning and Electron Microscopy (SEM). EDS measurement showed that the stoichiometry composition ratio of Pb/Ti is 1/1.26 at annealing temperature 600oC and 1/1.29 at annealing temperature 700oC. The result of XRD pattern showed that crystal structure of PbTiO3 thin films are tetragonal. The calculated lattice parameters ontained from Chohen Method are a=b= 3.873 Å dan c= 4.130Å. The result of SEM PbTiO3 thin film showed that thin film has globular grain size.
SPESIASI Cr(III) DAN Cr(VI) PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI ELEKTROPLATING
Authors: Windy Dwiasi Dian , Kartika Dwi
Published: February 2017

Speciation of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in wastewater have been widely investigated. The species of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in wastewater samples were determined by UV – Vis Spectrometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The method described is based upon the spectrophotometric determination of the magenta chromagen (λmax = 545 nm) formed when 1,5-diphenylcarbazide reacts with hexavalent chromium in sulphuric acid solution. Hexavalent chromium are determined by a calibration curve technique. The result showed that Cr(VI) concentration are still on the government regulation (Menteri Negara Kependudukan dan Lingkungan Hidup No. 03/MENKLH/II/1991).
FRAKSINASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA ANTIKANKER EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG Rhizopora mucronata SERTA UJI TOKSISITASNYA TERHADAP LARVA UDANG (Artemia salina Leach)
Authors: Diastuti Hartiwi , Suwandri Suwandri
Published: February 2017

Investigation the anticancer potency of R. mucronata has not been carried yet. This research were aimed to extract the bioactive compound of R. mucronata with various organic solvents, examine their toxicity againts A. salina Leach larv. and identify the toxic compounds from R. mucronata steam bark.The extraction of R. mucronata steam bark were peformed by maseration with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol, repectively. The extracts were examined their toxicity againsts A. salina Leach larv. The highest activity extracts was fractionated performed by coloumn chromatography. The fractions respectively was examined their toxicity againts A. salina Leach larv. Identification of toxic compound was carry out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The chloroform extracts of R. mucronata had toxic character. Toxicity test to A. salina Leach larv. The Result showed that the chloroform fraction 1 (C1) of R. mucronata steam bark had LC50 equal to 301.50 ppm. Phytochemical study showed that the active fractions contained terpenoid. Bioactive compound from R. mucronatasteam bark were dioctyl phthalate and cyclopropyle azulene decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene.
SIFAT-SIFAT BIOKIMIAWI EKSTRAK KASAR LIPASE EKSTRASELULER DARI BAKTERI Azospirillum sp. JG3
Authors: Lestari Puji , Nur Handayani Santi , Oedjijono Oedjijono
Published: February 2017

Lipases are valuable biocatalysts because they act under extremely mild conditions, are stable in organic solvents, show broad substrate specificity and exhibit high stereoselectivity. Lipases play important role in various industries such as detergent, cosmetics, flavor, pharmacy and synthesis of organic compounds. The increasing of lipases requirements in industries is goading research to get new lipases resources commited. One of potential lipase resource is Azospirillum sp.JG3 bacteria from Microbiology Laboratory of Biology Faculty University of Jenderal Soedirman. The specific targets of this research are to get crude extract of lipase and investigate its biochemical characteristics. The method used were rejuvenation of Azospirillum sp.JG3 bacteria, inoculum production, determination of optimum production time and bacterium growth phase, extraction and production of lipase to get crude extract, and characterization the biochemical properties of lipase crude extract. The research resulted that crude extract of lipase from Azospirillum sp.JG3 had optimum temperature at 40 °C and optimum pH at pH 7. The lipase was a metalloenzyme with Ca2+ as its cofactor. The lipase was stable in three organic solvents tested, (chloroform, n-hexane and ether).
KECEPATAN ADUK DAN WAKTU KONTAK OPTIMUM PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK JELANTAH
Authors: Kartika Dwi , Vaulina Eva , Widyaningsih Senny , Chasani Moch.
Published: February 2017

Synthesis of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using activated natural zeolite catalyst has been done. Activation of the natural zeolite was done by refluxing with HCl 6M for 30 min, calcining and oxydizing at 500°C for 2 hours, consecutively. The variation of stirring speed were 350, 700, 1100 and 1200 rpm. The variation of reaction time were varied from 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min. The conversion of biodiesel was determined by 1H NMR spectrometer. The results showed that the optimum condition of biodiesel synthesis using esterification process were reached at 700 rpm and 15 minutes, which gave biodiesel conversion of 100%.
OPTIMASI BIOKRAFT JAMUR Phanerochaete chrysosporium TERHADAP KOMPONEN KIMIA CAMPURAN BATANG DAN LIMBAH CABANG MANGIUM SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PULP
Authors: Silsia Devi , Yahya Ridwan , Mucharomah Mucharomah
Published: February 2017

Optimation biokraft of fungi P. Chrysosporium through elongated incubation time on mixed stem and branch waste mangium is a solution to solve the environmental pollution problem, low quality of pulp and limited raw material. Effect of P. Chrysosporium 10 % concentration and 45 days incubation time on pre research could not decrease lignin optimally and exstractive degradation had not occured yet. The aims of the study were to observe the effect of incubation time extension, and to determine the best incubation time of P. Chrysosporium applied at 10 % concentration based on the chemical component percentage, 45, 60 and 75 days on mixed stem and branch as raw material for pulp. Results showed that increasing incubation time decreased extractive and lignin content and increased holocelulosa and alpha celulosa content. Mixed stem and branch with 10% amount and 75 day incubation time of P. Chrysosporium gave the best results for raw material of pulp.
PEMANFAATAN ARANG BATOK KELAPA DAN TANAH HUMUS BATURRADEN UNTUK MENURUNKAN KADAR LOGAM KROM (Cr)
Authors: Riapanitra Anung , Andreas Roy
Published: February 2017

Waste containing hazardous and toxic chemical compounds into the environment leads to water pollution, soil and air. These chemical compounds will endanger human life and environment. One type of compound that may pollute the environment is chromium. The metal is commonly found in industrial waste such as from exhaust and industrial wastewater from etal plating company.The purpose of this research is to utilize coconut shell charcoal and soil humus as a low-cost and ready-made alternative material to reduce the concentration chromium (Cr) on wastewater. Humus was taken from Baturraden region and was isolated using NaOH extraction and was furthermore purified using mixtures of HF(aq): HCl(aq). Coconut shell charcoal was produced and was mixed with the humus. Adsorption process was carried out by batch method on variations of charcoal: humus composition, pH, and contact time. Humus soil was identified using infrared spectrophotometry (IR). Determination of chromium concentration was performed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS).The purified humus yielded was 25.92% (w/w), with 34.18% moisture, and ash content of 18.09%. The results showed that the variation of composition ratio of 2:1 charcoal and humus produced the greatest percent reduction of 18.20%, and the optimum pH for the adsorption is 9. For the variation of contacts time, the optimum reaction time is at 180minutes with decreasing concentration of Pb up to 56.07%.
PEMANFAATAN KATALIS NI/ZEOLIT PADA HIDROGENASI KATALITIK ETIL PALMITAT MENJADI SETIL ALKOHOL
Authors: Kartika Dwi , Triyono Triyono , Wijaya Karna , Yuanita L Dewi , D. Setyawan PH D. Setyawan PH
Published: February 2017

The catalytic hydrogenation of methyl palmitate to cetyl alcohol using Ni supported on activated natural zeolite catalysts (Ni/Zeolite) has been carried out. In this work, the effect of catalyst amounts and H2 flow rate on methyl palmitate conversion and yield of cetyl alcohol were studied. Catalytic hydrogenation was performed in stainless steel fixed bed reactor. The methyl palmitate (10 g) was loaded into the reactor vessel at 400 °C for 30 minutes. In order to study the effects of catalyst amount at constant H2 flow rate, the catalyst were varied i.e. 5, 10, and 15 g. To investigate the effects of H2 flow rate were varied from 20, 40, and 60 mL.min-1 at constant catalyst amount. The composition of the products was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The results showed that methyl palmitate conversion increase with the increasing of catalyst amount. The highest methyl palmitate conversion (45.62 %) and yield of cetyl alcohol (36.44 %) were obtained for 15 g catalyst and 40 mL. min-1 H2 flow rate.
PENGARUH TRITERPEN TOTAL PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) TERHADAP FUNGSI KOGNITIF BELAJAR DAN MENGINGAT PADA MENCIT JANTAN ALBINO (Mus musculus) YANG DIHAMBAT DENGAN SKOPOLAMIN
Authors: Herlina Herlina
Published: February 2017

Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) has been described to posses CNS effects such as improving cognitive function, learning and memory. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effects of total triterpen’s pegagan extract on cognitive functions as the learning and memory performance in male albino mice (Mus musculus) inhibited by scopolamine. The research design was Complete Randomized Design (RAL) – factorial on thirty six mice divided into 4 groups. One control group received only aquabidest (negative control). Three treatment groups received total triterpen 16 mg/kg BW, 32 mg/kg BW orally and piracetam 500 mg/kg BW by intra peritoneally (positive control) for 21 days. Data indicating learning and memory process of all subjects were obtained from one-trial passive avoidance test. Data were analyzed by two way ANOVA and BNT (p<0,05). Result showed that total triterpen 32 mg/kg BW had significantly prolonged the retention time compared to control group indicating improvement in cognitive function (505,03 second vs -18,53 second) (p<0,05) and it was not significantly different to piracetam 500 mg/kg BW group (505,03 second vs 522,48 second) (p>0,05). In conclusion, total triterpen from pegagan (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) improved learning ability and memory of male albino mice (Mus musculus) even though, it was inhibited by scopolamine.
PEMBUATAN DEKSTRIN DARI PATI UBI KAYU MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS AMILASE HASIL FRAKSINASI DARI Azospirillum sp. JG3PEMBUATAN DEKSTRIN DARI PATI UBI KAYU MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS AMILASE HASIL FRAKSINASI DARI Azospirillum sp. JG3
Authors: Zusfahair Zusfahair , Riana Ningsih Dian
Published: February 2017

Amilase merupakan salah satu enzim potensial dalam proses industri. Amilase dapat diperoleh dari bakteriAzopsirillum sp. JG3. Amilase ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk hidrolisis pati ubi kayu pada pembuatan dekstrin. Dekstrin memiliki peran yang cukup penting dalam industri seperti pembuatan roti, makanan bayi dan bahan penyalut lapis tipis tablet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi biokimiawi amilase hasil fraksinasi dari Azospirillum sp. JG3 serta potensinya dalam pembuatan dekstrin.Tahap penelitian ini dimulai dengan memproduksi enzim yang dilakukan dengan cara menumbuhkan inokulum ke dalam medium produksi selama 30 jam kemudian diekstraksi dengan sentrifugasi sehingga diperoleh ekstrak kasar. Ekstrak kasar amilase kemudian difraksinasi secara bertahap (15%, 30%, 45% dan 60%) dengan menggunakan ammonium sulfat dan didialisis. Fraksi yang diperoleh diukur aktivitas, volume dan kadar proteinnya. Fraksi dengan aktivitas spesifik tertinggi dikarakterisasi dan digunakan untuk membuat dekstrin dari pati ubi kayu. Dekstrin pati ubi kayu yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi berupa rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu dandextrose equivalen.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fraksi hasil dialisis 45% (FHD 45%) menghasilkan aktivitas dan aktivitas spesifik tertinggi berturut-turut sebesar 11,659 U/mL dan 7,319 U/mg. Aktivitas amilase optimum pada suhu 30°C, pH 7 dan konsentrasi substrat 4%. Dekstrin yang diperoleh memiliki rendemen 95,14, kadar air 3,411%, kadar abu 0,209% dan dextrose equivalen 13,4.
SCREENING DAN ANALISIS KADAR OMEGA-3 DARI RUMPUT LAUT PULAU LOMBOK NTB
Authors: Ryantin Gunawan Erin , Suhendra Dedy
Published: February 2017

Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis rumput laut yang mengandung omega-3 dan mengetahui kadar omega-3 dari rumput laut yang terdapat di pantai Pulau Lombok NTB. Minyak yang terdapat dalam rumput laut diekstraksi dengan metoda soxhletasi. Identifikasi dan kadar asam lemak dalam rumput laut ditentukan dengan alat GC-MS. Sembilan jenis rumput laut telah dianalisa dengan kadar air berkisar antara 42% -86,5%. Minyak hasil ekstraksi mempunyai kadar antara 0,63%-4,39%. Dari ke sembilan jenis dipilih 4 jenis rumput laut yang mempunyai kadar minyak yang paling tinggi. Dua jenis rumput laut yang biasa dikonsumsi (Eucheuma Spinosum dan Eucheuma Cottoni) dan dua jenis lagi yang tidak biasa dikonsumsi (Gracilaria salicorniadan Ulva sp). Asam-asam lemak omega-3 yang dapat teridentifikasi dari keempat jenis rumput laut adalah asam linolenat, Eikosatrienoat (ETE), eikosapentaenoat (EPA) dan (dokosaheksaenoat) DHA dalam jumlah yang bervariasi. Kadar asam lemak dalam keempat jenis rumput laut berkisar antara 26,8%-52,26% dan kandungan omega-3 antara 1,86%-5,46%.
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI GAMMA ALUMINA (γ-Al2O3) DARI KAOLIN ASAL TATAKAN, SELATAN BERDASARKAN VARIASI TEMPERATUR KALSINASI
Authors: Irawati Utami , Sunardi Sunardi , Suraida Suraida
Published: February 2017

Sintesis dan karakterisasi gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3) dari kaolin asal Tatakan, Kalimantan Selatan berdasarkan variasi temperatur kalsinasi telah dilakukan. Gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3) diperoleh dengan metode sol-gel.Polyethylene glycol 6000 digunakan sebagai template pembentuk pori, presipitasi dilakukan dengan penambahan NH4OH 2,6 M hingga pH larutan 8-9 untuk memperoleh Al(OH)3. Kalsinasi dilakukan pada temperatur500, 600, 700 dan 800 0C. Gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3) hasil kalsinasi kemudian di analisis menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan X-Ray Diftraction (XRD). Hasil analisis karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan pada masing-masing variasi temperatur terbentuknya kerangka gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3) dan hasil XRD menunjukkan fasa alumina yang terbentuk adalah gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3). Struktur terbaik dari gamma alumina (γ-Al2O3) berdasarkan kekristalannya yaitu pada temperatur kalsinasi 700 0C dengan nilai 2θ = 46,06; 60,07 dan 66,93.
STUDI REAKSI KOPLING OKTADESILSILAN DENGAN ARIL IODIDA TERSUBSTITUSI PARA
Authors: Lesbani Aldes , Mohadi Risfidian , Hidayati Nurlisa , Elfita Elfita
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan reaksi kopling oktadesilsilan dengan 4-iodida tioanisol dan 4-iodida anisol pada posisi para menggunakan katalis paladium dalam kondisi atmosfir argon/nitrogen menghasilkan senyawa tris-(4-tioanisil)-oktadesilsilan (1) dan tris-(4-metoksifenil)-oktadesilsilan (2)Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh senyawa (1) berupa kristal putih dengan titik leleh 59,8-60,5 oC dan puncak ion molekul sebesar m/z 650 Sedangkan untuk senyawa (2) mempunyai titik leleh 53,5-54,0 oC dengan nilai m/z 602. Karakterisasi menggunakan 1H dan 13C NMR menghasilkan puncak-puncak pergeseran kimia yang menunjukkan senyawa (1) adalah tris-(4-tioanisil)-oktadesilsilan dan senyawa (2) adalah tris-(4-metoksifenil)-oktadesilsilan (2)
DEODORISASI LIMBAH CAIR BATIK MENGGUNAKAN LIMBAH BAGLOG Pleurotus ostreatus DENGAN KOMBINASI VOLUME DAN WAKTU INKUBASI BERBEDA
Authors: Teguh Sumarko Heru , Lestari Sri , Stia Dewi Ratna
Published: February 2017

Limbah cair batik yang dibuang ke lingkungan tanpa diolah terlebih dahulu bersifat toksik, mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas air disekitar lingkungan dan kesehatan dengan munculnya masalah utama seperti bau tidak sedap. Kondisi tersebut diperlukan penanganan agar efek pencemaran rendah atau menjadikan limbah cair batik tidak toksik. Penelitian tentang pengelolaan limbah cair batik berupa deodorisasi menggunakan limbah baglog Pleurotus ostreatus dengan kombinasi volume dan waktu inkubasi berbeda telah diujikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan limbah baglog P. ostreatusdengan kombinasi volume dan waktu inkubasi berbeda dalam mendeodorisasi limbah cair batik, dan untuk mengetahui perlakuan yang terbaik dalam mendeodorisasi limbah cair batik menggunakan limbah baglog P. ostreatus dengan kombinasi volume dan waktu inkubasi berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah baglog P. ostreatus dengan kombinasi volume dan waktu inkubasi berbeda mampu mendeodorisasi limbah cair batik. Hasil terbaik berupa penurunan skala bau 3 (tidak bau) yang diikuti persentase penurunan nilai BOD sebesar 93,95% (3301 mg/l menjadi 200 mg/l) dan COD 79,66% (15200 mg/l menjadi 3120 mg/l) pada perlakuan 100 ml volume limbah cair batik dan 96 jam waktu inkubasi.
KAJIAN ADSORPSI LINEAR ALKYL BENZENE SULPHONATE (LAS) DENGAN BENTONIT-KITOSAN
Authors: Rifai Miftah , Nugraha Irwan
Published: February 2017

Deterjen pada umumnya tersusun atas surfaktan anionik seperti LAS (Linear alkyl Benzene sulphonate). pada percobaan ini LAS dapat menyerap sinar pada daerahuv dengan panjang gelombang maksimumnya adalah 223,5 nm. LAS dalam perairan dapat menimbulkan potensi masalah pencemaran.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah sebagai salah satu alternatif penanganan masalah pencemaran limbah domestik dengan cara menguji kinerja bentonit alam dan bentonit termodifikasi kitosan dalam mengadsorpsi LAS. Untuk mengetahui bahwa kitosan telah bereaksi dengan bentonit maka diuji dengan FTIR dan XRD pada bentonit alam dan bentonit-kitosan. Kemudian  ditentukan waktu kontak optimum antara LAS dengan bentonit alam dan bentonit-kitosan. Serta penentuan isoterm adsorpsi LAS dengan bentonit alam dan bentonit-kitosan dengan cara membuat variasi konsentrasi larutan LAS. Uji kinerja bentonit alam dan bentonit-kitosan dalam mengadsorpsi LAS dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem batch. Didapat waktu kontak optimum antara LAS berinteraksi dengan bentonit alam adalah 15 menit dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 3,265 mg/g. Sedangkan Waktu kontak optimum interaksi LAS dengan bentonit-kitosan terjadi pada waktu 15 menit dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 1,7mg/g. Dari hasil yang didapat maka dapat terlihat bahwa bentonit alam memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi yang lebih besar dibandingkan bentonit hasil modifikasi dengan  kitosan. Interaksi antara bentonit alam dan bentonit–kitosan dengan LAS terjadi secara fisik dengan energi adsorpsi bentonit alam dengan LAS adalah 19,31 KJ/mol dan energi adsorpsi bentonit-kitosan dengan LAS adalah 19,60 KJ/mol.
KARAKTERISASI PAPAIN DARI DAUN PEPAYA (Carica Papaya L. CHARACTERIZATION OF PAPAIN FROM Carica Papaya L. LEAVES
Authors: Zusfahair Zusfahair , Riana Ningsih Dian , Nur Habibah Febrina
Published: February 2017

Enzim yang menempati urutan pertama dalam pemanfaatannya di bidang industri adalah protease. Protease dapat digunakan sebagai katalis untuk reaksi yang menggunakan pelarut organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik ekstrak kasar papain dari daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) yang meliputi suhu dan pH optimum, pengaruh EDTA dan ion-ion logam, serta kestabilannya dalam pelarut organik seperti metanol, aseton, dan toluena, serta potensinya sebagai katalis dalam pelarut organik.Isolasi papain dari daun pepaya dilakukan untuk mendapatkan ekstrak kasar papain. Ekstrak kasar papain selanjutnya dikarakterisasi suhu dan pH optimum, pengaruh EDTA dan ion-ion logam yang meliputi ion Ca2+, ion Mg2+, Cu 2+, Zn2+, serta aktivitasnya dalam pelarut organik, seperti metanol, aseton, dan toluena.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar papain yang diisolasi dari daun pepaya kalifornia optimum pada suhu 60 oC dan pH 7, sedangkan papain daun pepaya bangkok optimum pada suhu 50 oC dan kisaran pH 7-8. Aktivitas enzim papain daun pepaya kalifornia dan bangkok meningkat dengan adanya ion Zn2+ dan menurun dengan adanya ion Ca2+, ion Mg2+, Cu2+ serta EDTA. Aktivitas papain daun pepaya kalifornia relatif stabil hingga jam ke-6 dengan penambahan pelarut metanol dan menurun setelah jam ke-3 dengan penambahan pelarut aseton dan toluena, sedangkan papain daun pepaya bangkok dengan penambahan pelarut metanol, aseton, ataupun toluena aktivitasnya hanya dapat stabil hingga jam ke-3. Papain dari daun pepaya kalifornia berpotensi digunakan sebagai biokatalis dalam pelarut metanol.
SINTESIS, PEMURNIAN DAN KARAKTERISASI METIL ESTER SULFONAT (MES) SEBAGAI BAHAN INTI DETERJEN DARI MINYAK BIJI NYAMPLUNG (Calophyllum inophyllum L)
Authors: Widyaningsih Widyaningsih , I.N. Budiasih I.N. Budiasih , W.A. Kurniawan W.A. Kurniawan , M. Chasani M. Chasani , V.H. Nursalim V.H. Nursalim
Published: February 2017

Metil ester sulfonat (MES) adalah salah satu jenis surfaktan yang dapat disintesis dari bahan baku minyak biji nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L) yang potensial sebagai pengganti surfaktan dari minyak bumi. Proses sulfonasi dalam pembentukan MES diduga menghasilkan produk samping berupa di-salt yang dapat mengganggu kinerja MES dan memiliki daya deterjensi 50% lebih rendah dari MES. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan proses pemurnian untuk mereduksi kandungan di-salt dalam produk MES sehingga dapat memperbaiki kinerjanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan karakteristik MES tanpa pemurnian dan MES hasil pemurnian serta mengetahui kondisi pemurnian MES yang menghasilkan karakteristik terbaik. Proses pemurnian dilakukan dengan menambahkan metanol pada konsentrasi 10, 20, 30, 40% dan waktu reaksi  30, 60, 90,120 menit. Pengaruh konsentrasi metanol (K) dan waktu reaksi (t) dikaji dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua faktor yaitu konsentrasi dan waktu reaksi yang dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan’s Multiple Range Test DMRT. Karakterisasi dilakukan terhadap MES tanpa pemurnian dan MES hasil pemurnian meliputi nilai pH, stabilitas emulsi, stabilitas busa, dan daya deterjensi. MES tanpa pemurnian setelah netralisasi memiliki nilai pH 7,819, stabilitas emulsi 33,33%, stabilitas busa 19,765% dan daya deterjensi 68,80%. MES hasil pemurnian setelah netralisasi memiliki pH 7,795, stabilitasemulsi 90,455%, stabilitasbusa 15,00%, dan daya deterjensi 85,15%.
SINTESIS SENYAWA ANTIMALARIA BARU TURUNAN FENANTROLIN N-(2-NITROBENZIL)-1,10-FENANTROLINIUM IODIDA DAN (1) N-(4-NITROBENZIL)-1,10-FENANTROLINIUM IODIDA
Authors: Utami Dwi , Narwanti Iin , Jumina Jumina
Published: February 2017

Malaria is a global health problem, especially in the tropics. Efforts to decrease the incidence of malaria plagued the plasmodium resistance to existing antimalarial drugs. Benzyl Phenanthrolium Iodide derivates have been proved has antimalarial activity. The aim of this study is synthesis the nitro benzyl phenanthrolium.The research that has been done was the synthesis of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl) phenantrolium iodide and(1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolium iodide. Synthesis of (1)-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolium iodide through a two-steps reaction SN-2 is the reaction of (1)N-(2- nitrobenzyl) chloride and potassium iodide followed by reaction phenantroline 1:10 monohydrate, whether the second product was 4-nitrobenzil bromida as starting material. The reaction were started by reflucting the nitro subtituted benzil halida with potassium iodide for 1 hour, yielded nitro subtituted benzyl iodide. Then followed by reflucting nitro substituted benzyl iodide with 1,10-phenanthroline for 11 hours. The final product isolated and purificated by suitable solvent. The melting point was conducted by melting poin apparatus. The structures of product was characterized by IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy.Results obtained in the form of thick liquid light yellow with a melting point of 54.2-63.5oC. While the compound (1)-N-(4-nitrobenzyl)-1,10-phenantrolium iodide is synthesized from 4-nitrobenzylbromide and potassium iodide followed by reaction phenantroline 1:10 monohydrate. Synthesis results in the form of pale yellow crystals with a melting point of 221–225oC . The resulting yield of 32.87%. The interpretation of UV-Vis and Infra red spectras indicated that nitro benzyl iodide have been condensed with 1,10 phenantroline as the end of the product.
PENENTUAN KADAR ETANOL HASIL FERMENTASI SECARA ENZIMATIS DETERMINATION OF ETHANOL CONTENT FROM ENZYMATIC FERMENTATION
Authors: Hermansyah Hermansyah , Novia Novia
Published: February 2017

Pengembangan sumber energi terbarukan bioetanol membutuhkan metode analisis produk bioetanol secara cepat dan akurat.  Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan pengukuran etanol produksi fermentasi hidrolisat dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS), ampas tebu, dan jerami padi. Reaksi didasarkan pada reaksi enzimatis.Etanol dioksidasi oleh nikotinamida-adenin dinukleotida (NAD+) menjadi asetaldehid dalam keberadaan enzim alkohol dehidrogenase (ADH), dan asetaldehid secara kuantitatif dioksidasi menjadi asam asetat dengan keberadaan aldehid dehidrogenase (Al-DH).  NADH yang terbentuk ditentukan absorbansinya dengan spektrofotometer 334 nm, 340 nm, atau 365 nm.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi yang dlakukan selama dua hari sudah menghasilkan etanol dengan kadar masing-masing 0,1368% (v/v); 0,1317% (v/v); dan 0,1149% (v/v) dari hidrolisat TKKS, jerami padi, dan ampas tebu.
PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI ZAT WARNA DALAM LIMBAH BATIK MENGGUNAKAN MEMBRAN DARI Sargassum sp.
Authors: Widyaningsih Senny , Windy Dwiasi Dian , Hidayati Dwi
Published: February 2017

Pencemaran perairan merupakan masalah yang selalu dihadapi oleh industri batik, terutama akibat pemakaian pewarna tekstil. Teknologi membran merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk pengolahan limbah cair. Membran merupakan lapisan tipis yang berfungsi sebagai filtrasi. Salah satu bahan baku pembuat membran adalah selulosa bakteri. Selulosa bakteri adalah selulosa hasil fermentasi bakteriAcetobacter xylinum yang mengubah glukosa menjadi selulosa.. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan rumput laut jenis alga cokelat (Sargassum sp.) yang dianggap sebagai sampah di pantai sebagai sumber glukosa. Fermentasi alga cokelat dilakukan dengan 3 variasi waktu fermentasi yaitu 7, 10, dan 13 hari. Selulosa bakteri optimum yang dihasilkan adalah selulosa bakteri dengan waktu fermentasi 10 hari, berwarna putih dengan ketebalan 1 cm. Membran Sargassum sp. dihasilkan dengan cara pengepresan selulosa bakteri. Hasilnya membrane Sargassum sp. memiliki ketebalan sebesar 1,8 mm,  fluks sebesar 3,386 L. m-2.jam-1dan rejeksi sebesar 39,34%. Membran Sargassum sp. digunakan untuk menurunkan konsentrasi zat warna batik dengan cara filtrasi. Zat warna tersebut adalah rodamin B, metilen biru, dan metal jingga. Penurunan konsentrasi yang diperoleh untuk masing-masing zat warna rodamin B, metilen biru dan metil jingga berturut-turut adalah 80,04; 77,83 dan 75,84%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa membran Sargasuum sp. dapat digunakan dalam pengolahan limbah cair industri batik.
PENETAPAN KADAR IBUPROFEN DALAM TABLET SERTA APLIKASINYA PADA PLASMA TIKUS JANTAN WISTAR SECARA IN VITRO DENGAN METODE KCKT
Authors: Susanti Susanti , Hanif Evridianto Aditya , Diandana Yulia Asmara Ika , Djaliasrin Djalil Asmiyenti
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengembangan metode KCKT dalam penetapan kadar tablet ibuprofen dalam plasma darah tikus jantan wistar secara in vitro. Metode  divalidasi berdasarkan parameter linearitas, akurasi, dan presisi. Kondisi KCKT yang digunakan adalah fase terbalik dengan kolom shim pack CLC ODS dan fase gerak asetonitril:bufer fosfat (35:65 v/v), laju alir 0,8 mL/min. Hasil uji linearitas menunjukan nilai r = 0,993 pada kisaran konsentrasi 0,5-5 μg/mL, presisi 0,93 (%RSD), dan perolehan kembali 92,9%. Penentuan ibuprofen dalam tablet generik dan merek pada matriks  plasma tikus jantan wistar menghasilkan persen kadar pada kisaran antara 80-100%. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengembangan metode KCKT dalam penetapan kadar tablet ibuprofen dalam plasma darah tikus jantan wistar secara in vitro. Metode  divalidasi berdasarkan parameter linearitas, akurasi, dan presisi. Kondisi KCKT yang digunakan adalah fase terbalik dengan kolom shim pack CLC ODS dan fase gerak asetonitril:bufer fosfat (35:65 v/v), laju alir 0,8 mL/min. Hasil uji linearitas menunjukan nilai r = 0,993 pada kisaran konsentrasi 0,5-5 μg/mL, presisi 0,93 (%RSD), dan perolehan kembali 92,9%. Penentuan ibuprofen dalam tablet generik dan merek pada matriks  plasma tikus jantan wistar menghasilkan persen kadar pada kisaran antara 80-100%
STUDI TEORITIS STRUKTUR DAN SPEKTRUM ELEKTRONIK KOMPLEKS [Ln(pytpy)(NO3)3] SECARA KOMPUTASI METODE SPARKLE/RM1
Authors: Setiawan Ely , Zulys Agustino
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang studi teoritis struktur dan spektrum elektronik kompleks [Ln(pytpy)(NO3)3] (Ln=Eu, Tb, pytpy=4’-(2-pyrrolyl)-2,2’:6’,2”-terpyridine) menggunakan metode komputasi semiempiris Sparkle/RM1. Metode Sparkle/RM1 ini dapat digunakan untuk memperoleh struktur geometri paling stabil dan parameter struktur dalam keadaan gas sebagai simulasi metode eksperimen yang mungkin terlalu mahal. Perhitungan spektrum elektronik dilakukan dengan ZINDO/S, dengan mengganti sparkle dengan titik muatan +3 pada koordinat yang dihasilkan melalui Sparkle/RM1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ion lantanida pada kompleks [Ln(pytpy)(NO3)3] memiliki bilangan koordinasi 9, yang berikatan dengan satu ligan tridentat pytpy dan tiga gugus nitrat sebagai ligan bidentat. Panjang ikatan rata-rata ion lantanida dengan atom N pada ligan pytpy adalah 2,541 Å dan 5,14 Å untuk Eu3+ dan Tb3+. Studi teoritis spektroskopi menunjukkan bahwa metode Sparkle/RM1 cukup akurat dalam memprediksi spektrum IR ligan pytpy, kompleks [Eu(pytpy)(NO3)3] maupun [Tb(pytpy)(NO3)3]. Spektrum UV-Vis kompleks [Eu(pytpy)(NO3)3] dan [Tb(pytpy)(NO3)3] memiliki intensitas serapan yang lebih kuat dan absorbansi yang lebih besar dari spektrum UV-Vis ligan pytpy.
PENGUJIAN JUMLAH CEMARAN MIKROBA DALAM SIMPLISIA DAN EKSTRAK PEGAGAN SEBELUM DAN SETELAH PROSES PASTEURISASI SINAR GAMMA
Authors: Rismana Eriawan , Kusumaningrum Susi
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan pengujian cemaran mikroba dalam simplisia dan ekstrak pegagan (Centella asiatica) sebelum dan setelah proses pasteurisasi dengan sinar Gamma dalam beberapa dosis penyinaran. Proses penyinaran terhadap simplisia dan ekstrak pegagan mampu menurunkan secara signifikan jumlah cemaran mikroba yakni dari > 104menjadi < 10 -100 koloni. Pada dosis penyinaran sinar gamma 2,5 – 10,0 kGy  mampu menurunkan cemaran mikroba pada ekstrak menjadi < 10 koloni. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa penyinaran sinar gamma pada ekstrak lebih efektif dibandingkan pada simplisia. Hasil analisis KLTmenunjukkan bahwa proses penyinaran tidak merusak senyawa kimia aktifdalam ekstrak.