bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the combinatorial reasoning of high school students with reflective and impulsive cognitive style in solving problems
Authors: AİNİ Nurul , JUNIATI Dwi , SİSWONO Tatag
Published: September 2020

Combinatorial reasoning was a basic competence that every student must have for solving mathematical problems, as it highly related to providing argumentation or strategy in solving mathematical problems. It was the process of creating complex constructs out of a set of given elements that satisfy the conditions explicitly given or inferred from the situation. Considering this issue, this study aimed to explore the combinatorial reasoning of high school students with cognitive-reflective and -impulsive styles in solving problems. More specifically, It correlated combinatorial reasoning with tempo cognitive style, since it applied time-based problem solving in which the speed of responding and the frequency of either correct or wrong answer might affect students’ mental action in solving problems. This study was a qualitative research. It used High school students in eleventh grade as the research subject through matching familiar figure test. The researchers distributed a task containing several problems that had similar concept for each and then organized an interview to explore the students’ combinatorial reasoning in solving the given problems. Cognitive-reflective subject decided to use two strategies –formula and filling slot- for the sake of her affirmation, while cognitive-impulsive subject decided to only use one strategy –formula. The cognitive-reflective subject tended to be more accurate and careful in solving the problems. Otherwise, the cognitive-impulsive ones tended to be careless and less accurate, given that the subject decided to do spontaneous mental action. The result of this study found some similarities and differences on the combinatorial reasoning of both reflective and impulsive students. The similarities referred to their ways in explaining the notation in the formula they used and generalizing their strategies. The differences referred to the process of investigating various factors, considering any probabilities that might reveal, and evaluation.
covid 19 indirect detection thru rise of 100nm filter fluid resistance v1
Authors: Nevery Ladislav
Published: September 2020

By passing saliva sample thru 150nm filter to remove particles larger than avg 125nm sized covid 19 virus particles and concentrating resulting fluid to very small 1 mm2 area of 110nm filter. Pores in this small area should be clogged up fast raising filter air/fluid resistance. Due to high virus density 5.2 log10 ml saliva of infected person should clogg filter much faster than healthy person. Test is setup in such way that we let gravity pass 2l of fluid thru clogged filter and record rate of drops from its bottom as audio on mobile phone placed bellow glass cup. rate of drops thru clogged filter should be measurably slower than clean filter.
covid 19 indirect detection thru rise of 100nm filter fluid resistance v4
Authors: Nevery Ladislav
Published: September 2020

By passing saliva sample thru 150nm filter to remove particles larger than avg 125nm sized covid 19 virus particles and concentrating resulting fluid to very small 1 mm2 area of 110nm filter. Pores in this small area should be clogged up fast raising filter air/fluid resistance. Due to high virus density 5.2 log10 ml saliva of infected person should clogg filter much faster than healthy person. Test is setup in such way that we let gravity pass 2l of fluid thru clogged filter and record rate of drops from its bottom as audio on mobile phone placed bellow glass cup. rate of drops thru clogged filter should be measurably slower than clean filter.
Prioritizing the Chicken or Egg? Electric Vehicle Purchase and Charging Infrastructure Subsidies in Germany
Authors: Zink Roland , Valdes Javier , Wuth Jane
Published: September 2020

To meet current targets for greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, emissions, especially those originating from the road transport sector, need to be reduced. Plans are to achieve this goal by substituting fossil fuel vehicles with electric vehicles (EVs). This article first discusses conceptually the impact of an increasing share of EVs on the electricity grid and suitable locations for charging stations with examples from a Case Study in Lower Bavaria. Secondly, the impact of purchase subsidies on EV purchases in Germany, a high-income country characterized by an important automotive industry and an increasing share of private vehicles is examined. To achieve this, yearly information on EV purchases were analyzed by applying the Synthetic Control Method. Combining data from different sources including the European Alternative Fuels Observatory, Eurostat, and the European Automobile Manufacturers' Association, an overall picture was developed. Results indicate a difference between private, semi-public, and public charging infrastructures. Its spatial distribution does not correspond to a specific development strategy. Moreover, EV subsidies have a limited effect in Germany when controlling for market size. Limiting the discussion to a trade-off between subsidizing infrastructures or EV purchases obviates the multidimensionality of the problem as neither of them may be sufficient to accelerate the transition per se. Furthermore, if electricity provided for EVs comes mainly from fossil carriers, the changes in the road transport sector will not yield the expected emission reductions. The transition towards renewables is directly intertwined with the effects of EVs on emission reductions in the road transport sector.
Two rare tumors of the female genital organs
Authors: Fratkin B.
Published: September 2020

The author describes a fibrous polyp, the size of an apple, extending with a short, little finger-thick leg from the posterior right wall of the vagina and performing the posterior fornix. - The diagnosis became especially clear when the tumor was pulled with bullet forceps. A ligature was applied to the base of the pedicle and then the entire tumor was removed.
Study of maternal and fetal outcome in pregnancy beyond 40 weeks: a prospective observational study at a tertiary institute
Authors: Kori Shreedevi , Biradar Dayanand , Biradar Aruna , Yaliwal Rajasri , Mudanur Subhashchandra R. , Patil Neelamma , Pujeri Shivakumar
Published: September 2020

Background: Prolonged pregnancy is one that exceeds 42 0/7weeks. Management of prolonged pregnancy is very challenging in modern obstetrics.Methods: It is prospective observational study in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shri B.M Patil medical college and Research center, deemed to be University, Vijayapur, North karnataka. Study period was from January 2018 to January 2019.Results: Total of 186 pregnant women were included in the study. Results in terms of age, gravidity, gestational age, time of induction, mode of delivery, neonatal outcome and maternal complications.Conclusion: Pregnancies beyond 40 weeks require early detection, effective fetal monitoring and proper planning of labour. In pregnancies beyond 40 weeks, decision of induction should be taken cautiously as early induction leads to failure of induction and increased rates of lower (uterine) segment Caesarean section (LSCS), while delayed induction leads to increased fetal complications.
Recognition of dislocation structure of silicon carbide epitaxial layers by а neural network
Authors:   National Research Mordovia State University, Bragin A.V. , Pyanzin D.V. ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Sidorov R.I. ,   National Research Mordovia State University, Skvortsov D.A. ,   National Research Mordovia State University
Published: September 2020

Technological features of the growth of single crystal silicon carbide inevitably create condi-tions for the formation of crystal structure defects in them. A method is proposed for recognizing and analyzing a dislocation structure of single crystal silicon carbide based on the use of optical microscopy and a direct distribution neural network. The method was tested on homoepitaxial lay-ers of 4H-polytype silicon carbide. Software has been developed that allows building maps of the dislocation structure distribution over the surface of single crystal silicon carbide. The software was tested on digital images of the surface of silicon carbide epitaxial layers. The accuracy of recognition of dislocation structure was 95%. The dislocation mapping is used in the development of process technologies for reducing their density during the growth of single crystals.
Rotation of an elliptical dielectric particle in the focus of a circularly polarized Gaussian beam
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Nalimov A.G. ,   Samara National Research University, Stafeev S.S. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: September 2020

A force and a torque exerted on an elliptical dielectric particle in the focus of a spherical circularly polarized laser beam are considered. The numerical simulation is conducted using a diffraction field obtained by an FDTD method, with the force and torque derived using a Maxwell’s stress tensor. It is shown that an optical torque is exerted on the center of an elliptical particle put in the focus of a circularly polarized spherical wave, making it rotate around the optical axis. The rotation occurs when the elliptical microparticle is situated in a transverse plane to the optical axis. When shifting the ellipsoid from the optical axis, an optical trapping force appears that prevents its displacement, meaning that the particle finds itself in an optical trap on the optical axis.
Necessary conditions for the propagation of two modes, LP01 and LP11, in a step-index optical fiber with a Kerr nonlinearity
Authors:   Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunication and Informatics, Burdin V.A. , Bourdine A.V. ,   Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunication and Informatics, Gubareva O.Yu. ,   Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunication and Informatics
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the results of an analysis of the necessary propagation conditions in a step-index optical fiber with a Kerr nonlinearity of two modes, LP01 and LP11, during the transmission of high-power optical pulses. All results were obtained by solving a system of two nonlinear equations for these modes, obtained by the Gauss approximation method, and the subsequent use of a procedure for refining estimates using the mixed finite elements method. The necessary conditions are determined, estimates of the boundaries for the range of normalised frequencies for which they are fulfilled are obtained, and an approximate formula is proposed for estimating the upper limit of this range.
The combined use of adaptive optics and nonlinear optical wavefront reversal techniques to compensate for turbulent distortions when focusing laser radiation on distant objects
Authors:   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Lukin V.P. , Botygina N.N. ,   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Konyaev P.A. ,   V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS, Kulagin O.V. ,   Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Gorbunov I.A. ,   Institute of Applied Physics RAS
Published: September 2020

Approaches to constructing a mock-up of a system for focusing laser radiation on distant objects using both adaptive optics elements and nonlinear-optical wavefront reversal methods providing compensation for turbulent distortions are considered. Numerical calculations were preliminarily performed, in which the split-step method was used as a numerical method for solving a second-order partial differential wave equation for the complex amplitude of the wave field of a laser beam. This method, combined with methods of spectral-phase Fourier transforms and statistical tests, is the most effective way to obtain reliable quantitative results for solving engineering problems of atmospheric wave optics. Quantitative data are obtained on the effect of turbulent atmospheric distortions along propagation paths on the main parameters of coherent laser beams – focusing, effective average radius, and the proportion of the beam energy in its diffraction spot. The preliminary results obtained of the system mock-up performance confirm the conclusions of the theory.
Selected Problems of Quality Assessment in Internet Surveys – a Statistical Perspective
Authors: Kupis-Fijałkowska Aleksandra
Published: September 2020

The paper presents selected problems related to the quality assessment from the statistical perspective of survey data based on Internet sources. Internet access is consequently expanding all over the world. In parallel with the running development of other new technologies, it is pervading daily life and business activities more and more. It also has influenced surveys practice to a large extent as a research tool for collecting both primary and secondary data, and it also challenges surveys to research the Internet population. Moreover, as the Internet and its entities are able to register all activities that are performed on the web, issues related to big data and organic data processing as well as their applications arise. As a result of decreasing response rates and increasing survey costs, Internet data collection is constantly growing. Due to many advantages, Internet surveys are used widely and this process seems to be inevitable. However, it needs to be emphasised that Internet surveys are developing in practice faster than the methodology in this area. Hence, a lot of problems can be identified, especially when considering the quality of data based on Internet sources. The following issues are discussed as the most far-reaching in the prism of statistical survey methodology: determination of the sampling frame, self-selection and related estimates bias, as well as under/over-coverage.
Antecedents of Student Loyalty in Open and Distance Learning Institutions: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Daud Yon Rosli , Mohd Amin Mohd Rushidi bin , Abdul Karim Jeannot bin
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between factors leading to student loyalty in open and distance learning universities. Specifically, this research explores the relationship between perceived service quality, perceived e-service quality, and university image as mediators of student loyalty in Open University Malaysia (OUM). Data were collected from 16 OUM learning centres throughout Malaysia. A purposive stratified convenience sampling technique was applied and a sample size of 752 respondents was obtained. The data indicated that perceived service quality has a positive and significant relationship with both university image and student loyalty. Similarly, it was found that perceived e-service quality has a positive significant relationship with both university image and student loyalty. University image acted as a mediator both in the relationship between perceived service quality and student loyalty, and in the relationship between perceived e-service quality and student loyalty.
A Meta-Analysis of Scaffolding Effects in Online Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Doo Min Young , Bonk Curtis , Heo Heeok
Published: September 2020

The significance of scaffolding in education has received considerable attention. Many studies have examined the effects of scaffolding with diverse groups of participants, purposes, learning outcomes, and learning environments. The purpose of this research was to conduct a meta-analysis of the effects of scaffolding on learning outcomes in an online learning environment in higher education. This meta-analysis included studies with 64 effect sizes from 18 journal articles published in English, in eight countries, from 2010 to 2019. The meta-analysis revealed that scaffolding in an online learning environment has a large and statistically significant effect on learning outcomes. The meta-cognitive domain yielded a larger effect size than did the affective and cognitive domains. In terms of types of scaffolding activities, meta-cognitive scaffolding outnumbered other types of scaffolding. Computers as a scaffolding source in an online learning environment were also more prevalent than were human instructors. In addition, scholars in the United States have produced a large portion of the scaffolding research. Finally, the academic area of language and literature has adopted scaffolding most widely. Given that effective scaffolding can improve the quality of learning in an online environment, the current research is expected to contribute to online learning outcomes and learning experiences.
An Analysis of Course Characteristics, Learner Characteristics, and Certification Rates in MITx MOOCs
Authors: Celik Berkan , Cagiltay Kursat , Cagiltay Nergiz Ercil
Published: September 2020

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), capable of providing free (or low cost) courses for millions of learners anytime and anywhere, have gained the attention of researchers, educational institutions, and learners worldwide. Even though they provide several benefits, there are still some criticisms of MOOCs. For instance, MOOCs’ high dropout rates or predominantly elite participation are considered to be important problems. In order to develop solutions for these problems, a deeper understanding of MOOCs is required. Today, despite the availability of several research studies about MOOCs, there is a shortage of in-depth research on course characteristics, learner characteristics, and predictors of certification rates. This study examined MOOC and learner characteristics in detail and explored the predictors of course certification rates based on data from 122 Massachusetts Institute of Technology MOOCs (MITx) on edX platform as well as data about the 2.8 million participants registered in these MOOCs. The results indicated that as the number of courses offered and the number of learners enrolled increased in years, there was a decrease in the certification rates among enrolled learners. According to our results, the number of average chapters completed, total forum messages, and mean age predicted course certification rates positively. On the other hand, the total number of chapters in a course predicted the course certification rates negatively. Based on these results, shorter and more interactive MOOCs are recommended by considering the needs of the learners, course content design, and strategies encouraging the enrolled students to enter the courses.
Promoting Intercultural Competence in a Learning Activity Supported by Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Shadiev Rustam , Wang Xueying , Huang Yueh Min
Published: September 2020

Virtual reality (VR) technology makes it possible to create an authentic virtual environment that benefits immersive learning. We designed an intercultural learning activity and applied VR technology to support it. Then, we investigated students’ perceptions of the learning activity, VR technology, and intercultural competence (IC) development during learning. Students from China and Uzbekistan participated in the activity, in which a pragmatic mixed-methods approach was used. The data were collected through student reports, three questionnaires, and interviews, and then analyzed. Three main findings were obtained. First, 13 items related to perception of the learning activity were revealed. When compared with earlier studies, new items were found, including presence, immersion, and authentic cultural experience. Second, the results showed that the participants intended to continue using VR technology, were satisfied with intercultural learning supported by VR technology, and felt that the technology confirmed their expectations. Third, the results showed that intercultural learning supported by VR technology helped facilitate IC development. Based on these results, we discuss implications and offer suggestions for educators and researchers.
USE OF A COMMERCIAL ORGANIC PRODUCT TO CONTROL THE BLACK WEEVIL (ACLEES SP. CF. FOVEATUS) OF THE FIG TREE
Authors: LODOLINI ENRICO MARIA , NOLASCO AGATA , CUTINO ILARIA , GARGANI ELISABETTA
Published: September 2020

A new alien parasite, Aclees sp. cf. foveatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is causing considerable crop losses and deaths in many Italian fig (Ficus carica L.) tree nurseries and orchards and it is quickly spreading in central Italy. The adult and larval stages of this weevil are closely related to t he fig tree. To date, no phytosanitary products are registered for fig against this insect, so if this pest is not systematically managed, fig trees could be decimated. A commercial organic product, LaserTM, widely used on other crops, was used to assess its effectiveness on the adult stage of this weevil. In the first trial, the concentration recommended on the label for other fruit trees was used and compared with the control (only water), while in the second trial a comparison between the label concentration and the half was tested. Mortality of the adults was recorded in the following 3-4 days after treatment. A very high adult mortality was recorded when LaserTM was applied, even at lowest concentrations, and damages (erosion) on the sycons were strongly reduced compared to the control. The tested commercial product is very effective in controlling this pest and can represent a possible solution by significantly reducing the adult population.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Ophthalmology Residency Training in Portugal
Authors: Silva Nisa , Laiginhas Rita , Meireles Angelina , Barbosa Breda João
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to provide objective and real-life data concerning the impact of the COVID-19 pandemicon ophthalmology residency training in Portugal.Material and Methods: Descriptive survey-based study applied to current Portuguese ophthalmology residents (n = 80 eligible).Results: Seventy-five residents participated (94% response rate). All except one (99%) admitted a change in their routine clinical practice during the pandemic, and most (89%) continued to be engaged in ophthalmology department duties. Twenty-five percent were deployed to COVID-19 units, which was combined with ophthalmological activities in about half of them (47%). A significant proportion of participants stated that they were enrolled in the following ophthalmological activities: emergency/inpatient care (87%), outpatient visits (73%; general 70% vs subspecialty 29%), and surgical procedures (64%). Twenty-five percent did not assist in any outpatient visits and 36% did not participate in any surgical procedures. On a scale from 1 (no impact) to 5 (maximum impact), most participants classified their perceived negative impact of the pandemic on the training program as 3 (24%), 4 (40%), or 5 (27%). Participants highly agreed with the extension of the residency program (80%) in order to to make up for training disruption.Discussion: Most trainees provided ophthalmological care during the pandemic. However, those clinical activities were essentially related to general and emergency care. Surgical experience was significantly curtailed. As such, strategies are needed to guarantee a high-quality learning process. Further studies are required to develop an international perspective on how ophthalmology training programs have been affected so that educational organizations can make recommendations regarding standardized adjustments to training programs.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the training of ophthalmology residents nationwide.
Myasthenia Crisis Vs Cholinergic Crisis: Challenges in Crisis Management Without Plasmapheresis or Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Authors: Harjana Lila Tri , Hardiono Hardiono
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disorder clinically characterized by skeletal muscle weakness & fatigability on exertion with prevalence as high as 2–7 in 10,000 and women are affected more frequently than men (~3:2). Over 12-16% of generalized MG patients experience crisis once in their lifetime. A serious complication of myasthenia gravis is respiratory failure. This may be secondary to an exacerbation of myasthenia (myasthenia crisis) or to treatment with excess doses of a cholinesterase inhibitor (cholinergic crisis). Case Report: Thirty-two years old woman refereed from a private hospital to ED for further treatment with myasthenia in crisis, after nine days of treatment in the previous ICU. Patient already in intubation with mechanical ventilation and history of the treatment of a high dose of multiple anticholinesterase drugs and steroids without plasmapheresis or immunoglobulin intravenous. During admission, diarrhea was present, with no sign of GI infection. On the third day of admission, the patient performed a Spontaneous Breathing Trial and was a success then extubated. Then two day after extubation, the patient falls to respiratory failure and need mechanical ventilation. Anticholinesterase test was performed, and it shows no improvement in clinical signs, and diagnose as Cholinergic Crisis. After re-adjustment of anticholinesterase drug with a lower dose, clinically, the respiratory condition improved, and on the 10th day of admission, the patient was succeed extubated. At 12nd days of ICU admission, patient discharge from ICU. Discussion: Myasthenia and Cholinergic Crisis is a severe and life-threatening condition characterized by generalized muscle weakness with a respiratory compromise that requires ventilatory support. Respiratory failure may be present in the cholinergic crisis without cholinergic symptoms (miosis, diarrhea, urinary incontinence, bradycardia, emesis, lacrimation, or salivation). The most important management aspect of Myasthenia patients in crisis is the recognition and treatment of myasthenia vs cholinergic crisis.
Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pelaku Pinjaman Online yang Berimplikasi Tindak Pidana
Authors: Pitaloka Anggraini Dila
Published: September 2020

Internet merupakan media elektronik yang memiliki banyak manfaat dalam berbagai bidang, terutama dalam bidang ekonomi. Perkembangan dalam bidang teknologi dan komunikasi menjadi salah satu penyebab dan adanya perkembangan pesat dalam bidang ekonomi global. Di era teknologi keuangan saat ini, muncul model bisnis baru yang berkembang cukup pesat di Indonesia, yaitu peer to peer (P2P) lending atau layanan pinjaman berbasis teknologi informasi (online). Pinjaman online merupakan salah saktu bukti bahwa masyarakat global saling terhubung dalam memanfaatkan teknologi. Dengan aplikasi pinjaman online ini, semua orang dapat mengajukan pinjaman kapanpun dan dimanapun selama dia memiliki smartphone dan komputer yang digunakan terkoneksi dengan internet. Namun seiring perkembangan teknologi justru kemajuan teknologi banyak di salah gunakan. Sehingga, banyak menimbulkan resiko dan munculnya tindak pidana, contohnya saja tindak pidana penipuan, pemerasan, pengancaman terkait dengan informasi dan teknologi. Penipuan yang dimaksud adalah rangkaian kebohongan mengenai suatu objek tertentu yang tidak sesuai dengan objek aslinya. Pemerasan merupakan setiap orang dengan maksud untuk menguntungkan dirinya atau orang lain dengan melanggar hukum. Memaksa orang dengan kekerasan atau ancaman mengutang atau menghapus piutang. Dalam pidana, segala pihak dapat dikenakan pidana termasuk dalam hal membantu tindak pidana.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Konsumen Atas Perjanjian Jual Beli Rumah Dengan Mekanisme Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (PT. Berkat Jaya Land)
Authors: AR. Febriyanti Putri
Published: September 2020

Artikel ini berjudul Perlindungan Hukum bagi Konsumen atas Perjanjian Jual Beli dengan Mekanisme Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli (Studi Kasus PT. Berkat Jaya Land). Rumusan masalah dari penelitian ini yang pertama bentuk perlindungan hukum atas jual beli rumah melalui mekanisme Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli, yang kedua merupakan upaya hukum atas penyelesaian sengketa jual beli rumah melalui mekanisme Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli. Metode yang digunakan merupakan metode penelitian normatif yaitu proses penelitian hukum dengan cara menemukan aturan hukum, prinsip-prinsip hukum, maupun doktrin-doktrin hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Perjanjian Pengikatan Jual Beli yang para pihak buat dalam perkara Putusan No: 09/BPSK-SBY/Put-Arbitrase/II/2019 dan Putusan No. 33/Pdt.G/2019/PN Gresik mengikat para pihaknya sehingga para pihak sepatutnya untuk dilindungi hak-haknya diantaranya membuat aturan yang dapat menjamin hak-hak konsumen di dalamnya serta menegakkan peraturan tersebut berdasarkan hukum administrasi, hukum pidana, hukum perdata. Kemudian upaya hukum yang dapat digunakan para pihak dalam pokok perkara Putusan No. 33/Pdt.G/2019/PN Gresik melalui pengadilan dengan Class Action agar lebih efisien dan efektif dengan cara mengajukan somasi atau bila belum menemukan titik terang dapat dilakukan pembatalan perjanjian, tuntutan ganti rugi hingga melaksanakan atau pembatalan perjanjian beserta ganti rugi. Sedangkan pokok perkara Putusan No: 09/BPSK-SBY/Put-Arbitrase/II/2019 dalam melakukan gugatannya melalui luar pengadilan yaitu Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK) dengan cara arbitrase berpatokan pada Pasal 19 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen berdasarkan pilihan bentuk penggantian kerugian bergantung pada kerugian yang sungguh-sungguh diderita oleh konsumen dan disesuaikan dengan hubungan hukum yang ada diantara mereka.
Perlindungan Hukum Debitor Pailit Atas Berlarut-Larut Pengurusan dan Pemberesan Harta Pailit Oleh Kurator
Authors: Ratibulava Ratibulava
Published: September 2020

Pengaturan terkait dengan proses permohonan pailit telah diatur secara rijid dalam Undang-Undang Kepailitan dan PKPU yang ditunjang oleh adanya SEMA No 2 tahun 2016 tentang Efisiensi dan Transparansi Penanganan Perkara Kepailitan di Pengadilan. Berbeda halnya dengan Pelaksanaan dari adanya Putusan Pailit yakni Proses Pengurusan dan Pemberesan Harta Pailit. UUK dan PKPU memberikan rambu-rambu terkait dengan pelaksanaan dari Proses Pengurusan dan Pemberesan Harta Pailit agar tidak berlangsung secara berlarut-larut. Namun, terdapat regulasi lain diluar Undang-Undang Kepailitan dan PKPU yang secara tersirat mengatur mengenai batasan Proses Pengurusan dan Pemberesan Harta Pailit. Akibat dari adanya Proses Pengurusan dan Pemberesan Harta Pailit oleh Kurator yang berlarut-larut ini, mengakibatkan adanya kerugian bagi stakeholder, terlebih Debitor Pailit. Oleh karena itulah, Kurator harus mempertanggungjawabkan tindakannya tersebut.
Tenaga Kesehatan yang Berwenang Melakukan Tindakan Aborsi Legal
Authors: Noviariyani Risa
Published: September 2020

Aborsi adalah tindakan untuk mengakhiri kehamilan dengan mengeluarkan hasil konsepsi sebelum janin dapat hidup diluar kandungan yang pada dasarnya di larang di Indonesia. Dalam Kitab undang-undang hukum pidana pengaturan mengenai aborsi masuk dalam bab kejahatan terhadap nyawa. Meningkatnya Angka kematian Ibu karena praktek aborsi yang dilakukan dengan tidak aman dan tidak dilakukan oleh tenaga kesehatan yang berwenang melakukan tindakan aborsi. Alasan tersebut yang kemudian memunculkan adanya pengecualian larangan aborsi, yakni pada pasal 75 ayat (2) Undang-undang Nomor 36 tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, menyatakan bahwa aborsi boleh dilakukan dengan alasan kedaruratan medis dan kehamilan akibat pemerkosaaan. Tindakan aborsi sebagaimana yang dimaksud pada pasal 75 hanya dapat dilakukan oleh Tenaga Kesehatan yang memiliki sertifikat yang di tetapkan oleh menteri, namun dalam hal ini pasal tersebut tidak menjelaskan mengenai kualifikasi siapa saja Tenaga Kesehatan yang berwenang melakukan tindakan aborsi karena Tenaga Kesehatan dibedakan menjadi beberapa macam berdasarkan Undang-Undang Tenaga Kesehatan. Adapun tujuan dari skripsi ini yaitu untuk mengetahui siapa saja tenaga kesehatan yang berwenang melakukan tindakan aborsi legal. Untuk mendapatkan jawaban atas permasalahan tersebut digunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, yang dengan pendekatan tersebut dapat di tarik kesimpulan bahwa tenaga kesehatan yang berwenang melakukan tindakan aborsi legal ialah dokter berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomer 3 Tahun 2016 Tentang Pelatihan dan Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Aborsi atas Indikasi Kedaruratan Medis dan Kehamilan Akibat Perkosaan.
Hubungan berat lahir anak, rasio jenis kelamin anak, dan umur induk kerbau terhadap lama kebuntingan
Authors: Yendraliza Yendraliza , Rodiallah Muhamad , Zumarni Zumarni
Published: September 2020

This study was conducted to determine the relationship of birth weight of calves, sex ratio of the calves, and the age of the dam to the length of pregnancy in buffaloes resulting from artificial insemination in Kampar District. The method used in this research is the descriptive method by displaying the average and standard deviation. The total number of buffaloes that were artificially inseminated in 2018 and gave birth in 2019 was 21 buffalo-cows. Data were analyzed with the Pearson Product Moment (PPM) correlation. The parameters measured in this study were the length of pregnancy, calf birth weight, calf sex ratio, and dam’s age. The results showed a positive correlation between the birth weight of the calves, sex ratio of the calves, and the age of the dam to the length of pregnancy of 1.4%, with an average length of pregnancy, calf birth weight, and sex ratio of 351.81 days, 27.38 kg, and 1: 1 respectively.
Symbiont-mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility:What Have We Learned in 50 years?
Authors: Shropshire J. Dylan , Leigh Brittany , Bordenstein Seth R.
Published: September 2020

Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common symbiont-induced reproductive manipulation. Specifically, symbiont-induced sperm modifications cause catastrophic mitotic defects in the fertilized embryo and ensuing lethality in crosses between symbiotic males and either aposymbiotic females or females harboring a different symbiont strain. However, if the female carries the same symbiont strain, then embryos develop properly, which imparts a relative fitness benefit to symbiont-transmitting mothers. Thus, CI drives maternally transmitted bacteria to high frequencies in arthropod species worldwide. In the past two decades, CI has experienced a boom in interest due in part to its (i) deployment in successful, worldwide efforts to reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, (ii) causation by bacteriophage genes, cifA and cifB, that modify animal reproductive processes, and (iii) important impacts on incipient speciation. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual, and quantitative themes of CI and outlines significant gaps in our understanding of CI’s mechanism that are ripe for investigation from a diversity of subdisciplines in the life sciences.
Spatial Analysis of Disinformation in COVID-19 Related Tweets
Authors: Forati Amir Masoud , Ghose Rina
Published: September 2020

Misinformation can amplify humanity's most significant challenges. As the novel coronavirus spreads across the world, concerns regarding the spreading of misinformation about it and also people downplaying the severity of it are also growing. This article investigates social media activity in May 2020, specifically Twitter, with respect to COVID-19, the themes of tweets, where the discussion is emerging from, disinformation shared about the virus, and its relationship with COVID-19 incidence rate at the state and county level. A geodatabase of all geotagged COVID-19 related tweets was compiled. Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression was employed to examine the association between social media activity, population, and the spatial variability of disease incidence; our results suggest that MGWR could explain 96.7% of the variations. Moreover, Covid-19 related twitter dataset content analysis reveals a meaningful strong spatial relationship that exists between social media activity and known cases of COVID-19. Discourses analysis was conducted on tweets to index tweets downplaying the Pandemic or disseminating disinformation; the discourses analysis findings suggest that states in where twitter users spread more misinformation and showed more resistance to pandemic management measures in May are experiencing a surge in the number of cases in July.
Human Rhinovirus Infection Enhances the Th2 Environment in Allergic and Non-allergic Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Ko Young-Kyung , Zhang Yu-Lian , Wee Jee Hye , Han Doo Hee , Kim Hyun Jik , Rhee Chae-Seo
Published: September 2020

Objectives. This study was conducted to determine whether patients with allergic rhinitis might be more susceptible to human rhinovirus (HRV) infection and whether the effects of infection on the elicited immune responses are different in allergic and non-allergic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Methods. Uncinate process tissues were obtained from 61 CRS patients (of whom 39 had allergies and 22 did not) and were infected with HRV-16 using an air-liquid interface organ culture system. The expression levels of programmed cell death-ligand (PD-L)1, PD-L2, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were evaluated in the infected nasal mucosa.Results. The HRV infection rates were not significantly different between the allergy (74.4%) and non-allergy (72.7%) groups. In the allergy group, the expression of PD-L1 (P=0.013) and IL-10 (P=0.040) was significantly elevated in the HRV-infected tissues, and there was a strong correlation between PD-L1 and IL-10 (r=0.868, P<0.001). In contrast, infected tissues from the non-allergy group displayed increased levels of IL-4 (P=0.039), IL-5 (P=0.023), and IFN-γ (P=0.031), as well as an increased IL-4/IFN-γ ratio, after HRV infection (P=0.043).Conclusion. This study showed that HRV infection rates were similar in the nasal mucosa of patients with CRS regardless of the presence of allergic rhinitis. HRV infection enhanced the Th2 environment by modulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression levels in allergic mucosa and by increasing the IL-4/IFN-γ ratio in non-allergic mucosa.
Accountability Accounting as Achievement Measurement Tool for Profit Center Manager at UD. Meubel Mulya Jati Widang Tuban
Authors: Vizarifah Novi , Salatnaya Louse Happy Amira , Syarifah Syarifah
Published: September 2020

Accountability accounting is an accounting system that recognizes the various centers of responsibility in the whole company, which reflects the plans and actions of each responsibility center by determining certain revenues and costs. The purpose of this research is to explain the implementation and application of the profit center accountability accounting system as well as explaining the accountability accounting application system to assess the work performance of the profit center at UD. Mulya Jati Widang Tuban furniture. This type of research conducted by the author is descriptive analysis, namely a study to make a systematic, active and accurate description of a picture or painting regarding the factors, properties and relationships between the phenomena under study then compared with existing practices and conclusions drawn. Implementation and application of accounting system for profit center accountability accounting at UD. Meubel Mulya Jati, said to be good where there is an audit every year-end on the financial statements by each division where the calculation process is based on analysis of expenses / operational costs and sales results. Next, the performance of the profit center manager has increased every year.
Analisis Mutu Fisik dan Citarasa Kopi Indikasi Geografis Arabika Gayo Berdasarkan Ketinggian Tempat
Authors: Purba Pembina , Sukartiko Anggoro Cahyo , Ainuri Makhmudun
Published: September 2020

Coffee is one of the flagship commodities in the international export market. Its function is important to the economy and encourages the development of world Agroindustries. The coffee beans physical and coffee flavor are the important components influenced by the genetic nature of plants, cultivation practices and growing environments and the interaction between these factors. The research aimed to detemine the beans physical quality and flavor of Gayo Arabica coffee Geographical Indications (GIs) based on the different altitudes. The research was conducted in Gayo Highlands, Aceh Tengah  and Bener Meriah Districts. The stratified sampling method was conducted at an altitude of 1,000-1,500 masl (meter above sea level) and 1,500-1,750 masl, the land suitability classification included as S1 and S2 respectively. The variables observed were beans physical quality (weight of 100 Arabica coffee beans and value of defects) and flavor profile. Data were analyzed by independent sample t-test. The results showed that there were differences in the average weight of 100 Arabica coffee beans between S1 and S2 altitudes, but the defect value did not differ significantly. The other results showed that the coffee flavor profile of Arabica Gayo GIs in both districts and altitudes has a total score of 82.75-85.25 points and categorically as specialty coffee (excellent). In general, the S2 altitude of Gayo highland produces a physical quality of 100 Arabica coffee beans and flavor better than the S1 altitude.
Assessment of choriocapillary blood flow changes in response to half-dose PDT in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy using OCTA
Authors: Liu Juejun , Chen Changzheng , Li Lu , Xu Yishuang , Yi Zuohuizi , He Lu , Zheng Hongmei
Published: September 2020

Background: To quantify blood flow changes in choriocapillaris (CC) of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CCSC) patients receiving half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: A total of 28 affected eyes and 24 unaffected eyes of 26 CCSC patients receiving half-dose PDT, and 40 eyes of 20 healthy gender- and age-matched subjects were retrospectively enrolled. The proportion of total areas of flow signal voids (FSV, %) in CC level of OCTA was assessed in both eyes of the CCSC patients at baseline and repeated in multiple sections at 1-week, 1-month, 3-month and 6-month intervals after PDT. In addition, CC patterns in response to PDT at early stage and their subsequent morphologic changes were qualitatively documented using OCTA. Results: For affected eyes, significant decrease in FSV was found at 6-m follow-up when compared with that at 1-m follow-up (p=0.036). When compared to normal control eyes, FSV in affected eyes was significantly higher at 1-m, 3-m and 6-m follow-up (p<0.05 for all), while FSV in unaffected eyes was significantly higher at baseline, 1-w, 1-m and 3-m follow-up (p<0.05 for all). Three CC patterns of early response to PDT were identified, including signs of recovery with more even flow signals, transient appearance of worse ischemia and secondary neovascularization within CC level.Conclusion: Abnormal CC flow attenuation remains in completely resolved eyes of CCSC patients treated with half-dose PDT.
SCC: An accurate modification method for scRNA-seq dropouts based on mixture model
Authors: zheng yan , Hu Jialu , Shang Xuequn
Published: September 2020

Background: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has advanced in past decade, which enables gene expression analysis to be carried out at higher resolution. This technology is of great significance for exploring the dynamic development process of life, studying the regulation mechanism of genes and discovering new cell types. However, there are still some limitations in scRNA-seq technology. scRNA-seq technology only detect 5-15 percent of the mRNA molecules. Therefore, low-expression genes are difficult to detect in scRNA-seq data.Method: The scRNA-seq data tend to be bimodal expression distribution because the expression is either strongly zero or high expression. In this paper, we proposal a method scRNA-seq complementation (SCC) to solve the dropouts in scRNA-seq data. Firstly, we find the nearest neighbor cells of every cell, and then use a mixture model to impute the dropouts of scRNA-seq data. The model can identifies the possibility of dropouts and estimates the reasonable gene expression value.Results: We use SCC and two existing algorithms to test performance on simulated data and three real scRNA-seq datasets (Kolod, Pollen and Usoskin). The result shows that SCC outperforms existing tools. SCC significantly reduce the intra-class distance of cells and enhance the clustering of cell subpopulation, which is significant for future research on gene expression.Conclusions: SCC is an effective tool to resolve the noise in scRNA-seq data. The code is freely accessible at the website:https://github.com/nwpuzhengyan/SCC.
Molecular characterization of Leishmania species from stray dogs and patients in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazi Abdullah D , Alouffi Abdulazi S , Alyousif Mohamed S , Rahi Abdulsadah A , Ali Magda A , Abdullah Hend H.A.M. , Brayner Fabio A , Mendoza-Roldan Jairo Alfonso , Otranto Domenico
Published: September 2020

Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when occurring in sympatry, the role of each species of Leishmania in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is not clear. Methods: To determine the prevalence and to identify the species of Leishmania that infects humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qassim (Saudi Arabia), 311 stray dogs and 27 human patients, suspected for Leishmania, were examined for CL by a nested PCR (nPCR).Results: Nested PCR (nPCR) detected seven patients (25.9%) positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Five patients from Riyadh were infected by L. major and two from Al-Qassim by L. tropica. In addition, five dogs (1.6%) were infected by L. tropica. Conclusions: This is one of the first molecular studies of leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia. The relationship between the sand fly vectors and the reservoirs of both Leishmania spp. is still scarcely known in this region, and further epidemiological investigations of domestic and wild canids infected with L. major and L. tropica are needed towards a control and prevention of the infection in canine and human populations.
Untargeted metabolomics reveals the effect of lovastatin on steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits
Authors: Ren Xiangnan , Shao Zixing , Fan Wu , Wang Zixuan , Chen Kaiyun , Yu Xuefeng
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE

Lovastatin is an important medicine and it shows a significant effect against glucocorticoid-induced necrosis of the femoral head. This study aimed to investigate the effect of lovastatin on preventing necrosis of the femoral head of by serum metabolomics strategy.

METHODS

Adult healthy adult Japanese white rabbits were divided into three groups: control group, model group and drug group. The pathologic changes of femoral head were assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and microscope. Metabolomics based on UHPLC-MS/MS was used to analyze the collected serum sample. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). All potential metabolites were identified by comparing with HMDB database, metlin database, lipid maps and chemspider database.

RESULTS

11 potential biomarkers were noted and identified as potential biomarkers. The change of biomarkers suggested that lovastatin on preventing necrosis of the femoral head may affect glycerophospholipid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism.

CONCLUSION

The study suggested that lovastatin could prevent the glucocorticoid-induced necrosis of the femoral head of rabbits. The possible reasons were closely associated with adjusting the lipid metabolism, inhibiting adipogenesis and delaying the osteocyte apoptosis.