bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turismo de base comunitária e desenvolvimento local em Unidades de Conservação: estudo de caso no Restaurante Ilha das Peças, Guaraqueçaba – PR
Authors: Betti Patricia , Frigo Denardin Valdir
Published: August 2019

O surgimento de iniciativas de turismo de base comunitária (TBC) em Unidades de Conservação da Natureza (UCs) é expressivo. Todavia, são incipientes estudos a respeito de como se organizam e se relacionam com as UCs para promoção do desenvolvimento local. Nesse contexto, investigar formas de organização comunitária de TBC enquanto modelo alternativo de turismo em Unidades de Conservação da Natureza para o desenvolvimento local constitui-se no objetivo deste trabalho. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa utilizando-se o método de estudo de caso e selecionando-se para estudo o Restaurante Ilha das Peças, inciativa de base comunitária desenvolvida por um grupo de mulheres da Vila das Peças, localizada no entorno imediato do Parque Nacional do Superagui, Guaraqueçaba/PR. Os resultados indicam que essa iniciativa contribui para a consolidação de múltiplas dimensões: social, cultural, econômica, ambiental e humana e da própria expressão da dimensão simbólica da vida em sociedade, favorecendo o desenvolvimento local, e que o TBC configura-se alternativa viável em áreas de abrangência de UCs na medida em que privilegia a organização das populações e gera diversos benefícios localmente.
Parque Estadual do Itacolomi e Atividades Físicas e Esportivas na Natureza: Estudo de um Equipamento de Lazer
Authors: Rosa Maria Cristina , Costa Francis Carvalho , Santana Jaqueline De Oliveira
Published: August 2019

O Parque Estadual do Itacolomi (Peit), em Ouro Preto/MG, tem sido objeto de estudo de diferentes áreas, como turismo, lazer e geologia. Este trabalho buscou identificar usos do Peit pelos visitantes e o seu potencial para o desenvolvimento de atividades de lazer na natureza, especialmente as que abrangem os interesses físico-esportivos. A pesquisa de abordagem qualiquantitativa, do tipo exploratório e descritivo, teve como amostra o gerente do Peit e 39 visitantes, de ambos os sexos, e idade entre 17 a 58 anos. Foram empregados observação direta, entrevista semiestruturada e questionário. Os visitantes utilizam o Peit para contemplar a natureza, visitar o acervo histórico, realizar pesquisas e fazer atividades físicas e esportivas na natureza, sendo caminhada, corrida e mountain bike as principais, todas estas motivadas por lazer e/ou saúde. O Peit apresenta potencial para desenvolvimento de intervenções nesse âmbito devido sua estrutura e recursos naturais, assim como turistas de Ouro Preto demonstram interesse em realizar atividades na natureza, sendo essa uma condição relevante para planejar e efetivar novas ações no local, dinamizando eaumentando os seus usos bem como seu público.
Proses Pembentukan Aqidah dan Akhlak Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Kota Jayapura
Authors: Efendi Didik
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran proses terbentuknya aqidah dan akhlak serta faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan dalam proses pembentukan aqidah dan akhlak pada siswa Sekolah Dasar (SD) di kota Jayapura.  Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan desain studi kasus. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu (SDIT) Permata Hati kota Jayapura. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan melalui observasi, interview, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses terbentuknya aqidah dan akhlak pada siswa SDIT Permata Hati melalui empat tahapan yakni (1) Receiving (menerima). Pada tahap ini guru memberikan pemahaman/ pegetahuan tentang nilai-nilai aqidah dan akhlak yang harus dimiliki, (2) Responding (menanggapi). Tahap ini siswa sudah mulai aktif dalam menanggapi apa yang diberikan oleh guru yang terkait dengan aqidah dan akhlak. (3) Acting (bertindak). Pada tahap ini siswa diberi kesempatan untuk mengaktualisasikan nilai-nilai aqidah dan akhlak yang sudah diresponnya dalam kehidupanya sehari-hari. (4) Being (menjadi seperti yang diketahui). Pada tahap ini siswa seharusnya sudah terbentuk aqidah dan akhlaknya atau bisa dikatakan sudah menjadi kebiasan (being). Sedangkan faktor pendukung keberhasilan pembentukan aqidah dan akhlak pada siswa SDIT Permati Hati diantaranya adalah peran guru dan orang tua.
Lipoprotein apheresis affects ventricular repolarization in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: EKİZLER Firdevs Ayşenur , CAY Serkan , ACAR Burak , TAK Bahar Tekin , CETİN Elif Hande Ozcan , TEMİZHAN Ahmet
Published: August 2019

Aim:  Patients
with Homozygous Familial
Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) prone to experience premature
cardiovascular disease and often die from sudden cardiac death (SCD) at a young
age. Lipoprotein
apheresis (LA) is the treatment of choice to prolong survival. Several
mechanisms has been suggested to be responsible for the known short and
long-term clinical benefits of this procedure. This study was conducted to
assess the effect of single LA on ventricular repolarization parameters in
patients with HoFH.Material and Methods: Eleven patients (mean
age 30.1 ± 5.5 years, male 63.6%) with HoFH on chronic LA treatment were
enrolled in this preliminary study. Double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) was
performed in all patients. To examine the effects of a single
session of LA, on ventricular repolarization, the OT, QTc
interval, the T peak-to-end (Tp-e) interval, Tp-e/QT and the Tp-e/QTc ratio
were specifically calculated.Results:
The single session of LA reduced total LDL (from 10.04 ± 1.91 to 4.16 ± 1.21
mmol/L, P<001). The heart rate did
not change significantly after LA session. Plasma levels of
calcium and magnesium was significantly decreased after the procedure. The QTc
decreased from 443.8 ± 23.3 ms to 412.3
± 20.0 ms (P <0.001). The Tp-e interval and the Tp-e/QTc ratio decreased significantly [85
(70-89) ms vs. 63 (58-71)ms; P =0.003,
and 0.19
(0.16-0.20) vs 0.15
(0.13-0.16); P =0.003, respectively].

Conclusion: Our
data suggest that even a
single session of LA improved electrocardiographic repolarization indexes.
Çocuk yoğun bakım ünitesinde akut hipoksi nedeniyle yatan hastaların yakın dönem nörolojik takibi
Authors: UYSAL YAZICI Mutlu , ÖZDEMİR Fatih M.akif , ÖZTOPRAK Ülkühan , AZAPAĞASI Ebru , EKŞİOĞLU Ayşe Seçil , AKSOY Ayşe , YÜKSEL Deniz
Published: August 2019

Amaç: Beyin kan akımını ve
dokulara oksijen sunumunu etkileyen çeşitli durumlarda (boğulma, arrest,
asfiksi gibi) gelişebilen hipoksik iskemik beyin hasarı önemli bir morbidite ve
mortalite nedenidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı son iki yılda çocuk yoğun bakım
ünitesi'nde akut hipoksi nedeniyle yatan hastaların etyoloji, klinik
özellikler, tedavi ve yakın dönem nörolojik takip sonuçlarının
değerlendirilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya
Mayıs2017- Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında ÇYBÜ'ye yatırılan 1 ay-18 yaş arası
daha öncesinden sağlıklı , mental ve motor gelişim basamakları normal olan akut
hipoksi nedeniyle yatırılan  25 hasta
alındı.ÇYBÜ'de arrest sonrası değerlendirme için  Pediatrik Serebral Performans Kategori
Skorlama Sistemi (PCPC) kullanıldı.Bulgular:Hastaların geliş Glaskow koma skalası (GKS) median:6 (min:3
max:15) iken; yoğun bakımdan çıkış GKS: 10 (min:6 max:15) olarak tespit
edildi(p<0,05).. Hastaların arrest olduktan hemen sonra kan gazında asidozda
oldukları, Hco3'ün belirgin düşük olduğu,pH: (min:6.91 - max:
7.49); Laktat'ın yüksek (min:8 - max: 145); AST'nin 
min:21 - max:712 ve CK'nın yüksek (min:47
- max:3351) olduğunu ve ÇYBÜ'ye yatırılıp hızlıca
uygun tedavi başlandıktan 24 saat sonra hastaların asidozdan çıktığı pH:
(min:7.23 - max:7.61);  AST (min:15 - max:83) ;ALT (min:6 - max:45)ve  CK (min:16 -
max:258) ve Laktat'ın (min:8 - max:93) gerilediğini gördük ve bu
sonuçlar istatiksel olarak  anlamlı
saptandı.( p<0,05)

Sonuç: Akut Hipoksinin patofizyolojisinin iyi anlaşılması,
erken dönemde tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilerek beynin hasardan korunması
gereklidir.Olguların nörolojik izlemi ve yardımcı görüntüleme tetkikleri ile
hasarın ciddiyeti ve prognoz üzerine etkileri araştırılıp en uygun tedavi
yapılmalıdır. Akut hipoksiden geçen çocuklarda nörolojik sekel riskini en aza
indirmek için hastalar resusitasyon sonrası en erken dönmede ÇYBÜ'ye
yatırılmalı ve multidisipliner tedavi edilmelidir.
Comparison of Three Different Treatment Modalities in the Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: Corticosteroid Injection, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Radiofrequency Nerve Ablation
Authors: TURHAN Yalçın , ARICAN Mehmet
Published: August 2019

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of three popular conservative treatment options in the treatment of chronic plantar fasciitis (PF): corticosteroid injection (CSI), extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) and radiofrequency nerve ablation (RFNA).Material and Methods: Patients with chronic PF refractory to other conservative treatment methods were included in this retrospective study. From January 2017 to February 2019, all the patients with the diagnosis of chronic PF who were treated with conservative treatment modalities were evaluated. Forty eight patients who met our eligibility criteria and treated either with CSI, ESWT or RFNA methods were included in the study. Clinical and functional assessments of the patients were done by American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring system and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) just before the treatment, at 6th and at 12th weeks of the last session.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in terms of VAS scores between the groups both for before treatment and for 6th week (both p<0.001), but there was not a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of VAS scores at 12th week (p=0.436). Also, there was not a statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of AOFAS scores before treatment, 6th and 12th week assessments (p=0.076, p=0.081, p=0.478 respectively).Conclusion: Although the three treatment modalities showed significant improvements in the chronic PF treatment, no differences were found among effectiveness of them at the final follow-up period.
‘Self’ and ‘Other’ in Non-Dualistic Vedānta: A Moral Interpretation
Authors: Raina Simran Simmy
Published: August 2019

The article examines the metaphysical and ethical approaches appropriate to studying the image of the self and other in Non-Dualistic Vedānta (hereafter NDV). NDV examines the nature of the empirical division of the self and the other, referred to by the terms ‘I’ and ‘you’ - asmad and yuṣmad, respectively. Behind the mundane expressions of these terms, Śaṅkara identifies ‘superimposition’ as a metaphysical precursor, which generates a cognitive error in all such expressions using personal pronouns and the use of predicates thereupon. The prime intent of the paper is to demonstrate vis-à-vis the metaphysical framework of NDV that the distinction of self and other is founded upon ignorance. If this ignorance is replaced by true knowledge, the entire problems pertaining to ‘self’ and ‘other’ will see the development of a different kind of understanding, exposing the underlying unity of self and other, which generates a different attitude. Taking recourse to the NDV’s exposition of the issue, a moral interpretation of the underlying unity of self and other is also intended.
Being Student in a Foreign Country: Adaptation Problems and Solution Strategies
Authors: GÜNEŞ Mehmet , AYDAR Özkan
Published: August 2019

There are many factors affecting psychology, motivation and success status of students. Especially with fast communication in the global world, these factors spread more quickly and takes broad masses under influence. Individuals studying in a geography different than their country have to adapt to a new geography, climate and culture besides ordinary charges that every student confronts in education process. In the context of this study examining education process of foreign students, the adaptation problems of foreign students studying in 2018 at Iğdır University and their coping strategies are emphasized. The study included 122 foreign students enrolled at Iğdır University. Two data collection methods are used in the work. One is a field survey technique based on quantitative data, other is a questionnaire using Michigan Foreign Student Problem Inventory. According to findings, essential problems encountered by foreign students are related to housing, socio-cultural activity facilities, relations with institutions, health insurance and leisure activities. In this study, it has been investigated whether there are significant differences between adaptation problems that students face and demographic variables such as age, gender, nationality, education level, education field, income sources, type of accommodation, the duration of living in Iğdır, and it has been tried to determine the coping strategies developed by these students against problems they face.
Transtorno mental comum entre estudantes de enfermagem e fatores envolvidos
Authors: Cruz e Silva Pérola Liciane Baptista , Silva Beatriz Francine Fernandes , Chagas Keite Kelli Aparecida Conceição Rocha , Tortola Michele Beatriz Alves , Caldeira Renata Lourdes Rodrigues
Published: August 2019

Objetivo: Investigar a ocorrência de sintomas indicativos de Transtornos Mentais Comuns entre estudantes de enfermagem e discutir possíveis fatores envolvidos. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo do qual participaram 88 estudantes, com aplicação de questionário autoaplicável sobre questões diárias, seguido do Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Resultados: A prevalência geral de TMC foi de 41%. Com relação a outras variáveis, foi constatado que a maioria dos estudantes possui atividade profissional, sendo essa geralmente integral na semana. Foi relatado entre os participantes 12,5% de acompanhamento em saúde mental e uso de medicação psicoativa próxima dos 15%, o que pode sugerir automedicação. Conclusão: Os dados aproximam-se de demais pesquisas com metodologias semelhantes e demonstram a importância de se discutir o problema e pensar estratégias que apoiem esses estudantes para melhora geral em seu estado de saúde e rendimento estudantil.
HUBUNGAN SIKAP PENJAMAH MAKANAN DENGAN CARA PRODUKSI PANGAN YANG BAIK PADA INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA PANGAN DI KAMPUNG KUE SURABAYA
[Correlation of Food Handlers Attitude with Good Manufacturing Practice in the Household Food Industry in Kampung Kue Surabaya]

Authors: Amelia Maya , Adi Annis
Published: August 2019

The application of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) can improve quality of products. Good manufacturing practice aim to make a safe product to be consumed. Attitude of food handlers can affect practice of food handlers on production process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between attitude of food handlers with GMP. This research was an observational study, using cross sectional design. Subjects were 38 food handlers, taken by simple random sampling. Data were collected include interview method using attitude questionnaires and observation of the GMP. Data were analyzed using Spearman Correlation. Results showed majority of food handlers have adequate attitude (55.3%), meanwhile GMP were poor (89.5%). There was a signifi cant correlation between attitude (p=0.018) with good manufacturing practice. Food handlers have to pay more attention on the cleanliness of production space and the use of appropriate clothes for handling the food, such as apron, cap, and masker. Food handlers who have had food safety certifi cate needs to share GMP to other food handlers. Periodically training in food safety needs to be done at Kampung Kue Surabaya.
Efek Gastroprotektif Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) pada Tikus Jantan yang Diinduksi Aspirin
Authors: Putri Cynthia Astiti , Pramudita Ramadani Arba , Rahma Maulida Fanny
Published: August 2019

Obat antiinflamasi non steroid (AINS), terutama yang dapat diperoleh tanpa resep, telah banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk meredakan rasa sakit dan gejala inflamasi pada penyakit yang diderita. Namun, efek samping berupa ulkus lambung yang banyak dialami oleh pengguna AINS.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti efek ekstrak etanol daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.) pada tikus Wistar jantan yang diinduksi ulkus lambung menggunakan aspirin. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok; kontrol normal (CMC 0,5%), kontrol positif (omeprazol 20 mg/kg), kontrol negatif (CMC 0,5%), kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak etanol daun pepaya dosis 100, 200, dan 300 mg/kg). Perlakuan diberikan selama 9 hari. Pada hari ke-10, semua tikus diinduksi dengan aspirin dosis 500 mg/kg kecuali kelompok normal yang dipuasakan selama 24 jam terlebih dahulu. Pada akhir penelitian, semua hewan uji dikorbankan dan lambungnya diambil untuk diukur indeks ulkus dan dibuat preparat. Tikus yang diberikan etanol ekstrak pepaya tidak terbentuk ulkus, bahkan lebih baik, dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif (p<0,05). Selain itu, hasil pembacaan histopatologi lambung menunjukkan bahwa pemberian daun pepaya dapat menjaga lambung tetap normal. Pemberian ekstrak etanol daun pepaya 100 mg/kg dapat mencegah terjadinya ulkus lambung pada tikus yang diinduksi menggunakan aspirin. 0 mg/kg dapat mencegah ulkus lambung pada tikus yang diinduksi aspirin.Kata kunci: daun pepaya (Carica papaya L.), ulkus lambung, aspirin
Systematic Review of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Models in Biofuels Research
Authors: Faizollahzadeh Ardabili Sina , Mosavi Amir , R. Várkonyi-Kóczy Annamária
Published: August 2019

Biofuels construct an essential pillar of energy systems. Biofuels are considered as a popular resource for electricity production, heating, household, and industrial usage, liquid fuels, and mobility around the world. Thus, the need for handling, modeling, decision-making, demand, and forecasting for biofuels are of utmost importance. Recently, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques have been accessible in modeling, optimizing, and handling biofuels production, consumption, and environmental impacts. The main aim of this study is to review and evaluate ML and DL techniques and their applications in handling biofuels production, consumption, and environmental impacts, both for modeling and optimization purposes. Hybrid and ensemble ML methods, as well as DL methods, have found to provide higher performance and accuracy in modeling the biofuels.
p53-Mediated Oxidative Stress Enhances Indirubin-3′-Monoxime-induced Apoptosis in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells by Upregulating Death Receptor 5 and TNF-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand Expression
Authors: Dilshara Matharage Gayani , Molagoda Ilandarage Menu Neelaka , Jayasooriya Rajapaksha Gedara Prasad Tharanga , Choi Yung Hyun , Park Cheol , Lee Kyoung Tae , Lee Seungheon , Kim Gi-Young
Published: August 2019

Indirubin-3′-monoxime (I3M) exhibits anti-proliferative activity in various cancer cells; however, its anti-cancer mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. This study revealed that I3M promotes the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in HCT116 p53+/+ cells, resulting in caspase-mediated apoptosis. However, this study demonstrated that HCT116 p53-/- cells are insensitive to I3M-mediated apoptosis, indicating that I3M-induced apoptosis depends on the p53 status of HCT116 cells. Additionally, in HCT116 p53-/- cells, I3M significantly increased Ras expression, while in HCT116 p53+/+ cells, it reduced Ras expression. Furthermore, I3M remarkably increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which were reduced in transient p53 knockdown, indicating that I3M-mediated apoptosis is promoted by p53-mediated ROS production. Our results also showed that I3M enhanced transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression, resulting in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated DR5 expression, which is upregulated by ROS production in HCT116 p53+/+ cells. Moreover, co-treatment with TRAIL synergistically enhanced I3M-induced DR5 expression, thereby triggering TRAIL-induced apoptosis of HCT116 p53+/+ cells, which was interfered by a DR5-specific blocking chimeric antibody. In summary, I3M potently enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by upregulating DR5 expression via p53-mediated ROS production in HCT116 p53+/+ cells. However, HCT116 p53-/- cells were resistant to I3M-mediated apoptosis, suggesting that I3M could be a promising anti-cancer candidate against TRAIL-resistant p53+/+ cancer cells.
Preparation of Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics by Microwave Sintering and Its Performance Evaluation
Authors: Xiao Chun-fang , Han Bing
Published: August 2019

In this paper, the preparation methods of porous silicon nitride materials with controllable dielectric constant and pore structure were systematically studied. By using microwave sintering technology, porous silicon nitride materials with high closed pore ratio were prepared by adjusting the content of sintering additives and sintering process parameters, and controlling the grain boundary phase and pore structure and size. The effects of sintering conditions on the total porosity, closed porosity, pore structure and dielectric properties of materials were systematically studied.
OsWRKY5 Promotes Rice Leaf Senescence by Upregulating Senescence-Associated NAC Genes and Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Kang Kiyoon , Kim Suk-Hwan , An Gynheung , Paek Nam-Chon
Published: August 2019

The onset of leaf senescence is triggered by external cues and internal factors such as phytohormones and signaling pathways involving transcription factors (TFs). Abscisic acid (ABA) strongly induces senescence and endogenous ABA levels are finely tuned by many senescence-associated TFs. Here, we report on the regulatory function of the senescence-induced TF OsWRKY5 TF in rice (Oryza sativa). OsWRKY5 expression was rapidly upregulated in senescing leaves, especially in yellowing sectors initiated by aging or dark treatment. A T-DNA insertion activation-tagged OsWRKY5-overexpressing mutant (termed oswrky5-D) promoted leaf senescence under natural and dark-induced senescence (DIS) conditions. By contrast, a T-DNA insertion oswrky5-knockdown mutant (termed oswrky5) retained leaf greenness during DIS. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that OsWRKY5 upregulates the expression of genes controlling chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence. Furthermore, RT-qPCR and yeast one-hybrid analysis demonstrated that OsWRKY5 indirectly upregulates the expression of senescence-associated NAC genes including OsNAP and OsNAC2. Precocious leaf yellowing in the oswrky5-D mutant might be caused by elevated endogenous ABA concentrations resulting from upregulated expression of ABA biosynthesis genes OsNCED3, OsNCED4, and OsNCED5, indicating that OsWRKY is a positive regulator of ABA biosynthesis during leaf senescence. Furthermore, OsWRKY5 expression was significantly suppressed by ABA treatment, indicating negative feedback regulation of OsWRKY5 expression by ABA. OsWRKY5 is a positive regulator of leaf senescence that upregulates senescence-induced NAC genes leading to expression of ABA biosynthesis and chlorophyll degradation genes.
Agreement Algorithm Based on a Trial and Error Method for the Best of Proportions Problem
Authors: Phung Nhuhai ,   Department of Computer Science, National Defense Academy of Japan  1-10-20 Hashirimizu, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan, Kubo Masao , Sato Hiroshi
Published: August 2019

The best-of-n problem (BSTn) is a collective decision-making problem in which a swarm of robots needs to make a collective decision about a set of n choices; specifically, to decide what choice offers the best alternative [1]. The BSTn captures the structure and logic of the discrete consensus achievement problems that appear in several swarm robotics scenarios. Although numerous algorithms have been proposed recently to deal with more than two choices, the number of choices that can be dealt with is not large. The bias and raising threshold (BRT) algorithm proposed by Phung et al. [2] enables swarms to deal with a large number of choices (n≫2). However, the algorithm’s goodness has not been evaluated in any practical problems, and it is necessary to evaluate the algorithm in a problem where a large number of choices exist. In this paper, we consider the best of proportions (BOP) problem; that is a version of BSTn in which a large number of choices can be dealt with by adjusting the values of different proportions. In previous research on swarms that needed to solve the BOP problem, there is only a study on the response threshold models for the division of labor. In the present study, we investigate a scenario of the BOP and apply the BRT algorithm to find the best proportion. In our previous work [3], a fixed proportion setting method has been adopted. Here, we adopt a stochastic proportion setting method to verify the relationship between the efficiency and the number of choices in a more general case. The results show that with a larger number of choices, the decision making becomes more efficient with high equality; that is a result that has not been found in [3].
The relevance of affiliative relationships in horses: review and future directions
Authors: Costa Helena , Fragoso Sara , Heitor Filipa
Published: August 2019

For many years, studies on horse social behaviour focused mainly on social organization, dominance and aggression. There are comparatively fewer studies on affiliative relationships among horses, despite their impact on the stability of social groups, reproductive success and welfare. We believe that it is important to gain a more complete understanding of this dimension of horse social behaviour and to identify areas of research which need to be addressed in more detail.This review summarizes the existing body of scientific knowledge on affiliative relationships among horses. Studies were conducted on a large variety of horse populations and environmental conditions, from feral to domestic horses under different management conditions. Moreover, studies conducted to date used different methodologies for data collection and analysis which make meaningful comparisons of their results more difficult. We present their main findings concerning the importance of affiliative relationships for horses and the individual and social factors associated with these relationships. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these findings for management of domestic horses and propose avenues for future studies. We hope this review stimulates further research in this area and may contribute scientific knowledge to improve husbandry practices and horse welfare.
Weight Management among School-Aged Children and Adolescents: A Quantitative Assessment in a Ghanaian Municipality
Authors: Gyamfi Daniel , Obirikorang Christian , Acheampong Emmanuel , Asamoah Evans Adu , Sampong Bernard Berko , Batu Emmanuella Nsenbah , Anto Enoch Odame
Published: August 2019

Background: Childhood and adolescent overweight, obesity and underweight have become an issue of grave concern to both the developed and developing countries in context of global burden of non-communicable diseases. Unhealthy weight status is a significant public health issue for developing countries, of which Ghana is not excluded. This study evaluated the prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight and its related factors among school-aged children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 1004 participants were randomly selected from six schools. A structured questionnaire on demography and socioeconomic status of students’ parents/guardians were completed by the selected students. Anthropometric parameters (weight, height, waist, and hip) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. BMI-for-age z-scores were used to categorize anthropometric data of the children as underweight, normal, overweight or obese. A cut-off value of >0.50 was used to define obesity by WHtR. Results: Overweight prevalence of 13.8% and 12.6 was observed among basic school and high school student respectively based on BMI classification. Obesity prevalence of 8.8% was found in basic school students and 8.9% among high school student. Underweight was observed in 114 (11.3%) basic school students and 86 (8.6%) high school students. There was a difference in sex prevalence in unhealthy weight-behaviours; with more girls being overweight (19.4% vs 7.6%, p < 0.001) and obese (10.2% vs. 7.3%, p=0.177) compared to boys. High WHtR found in 10.5% of basic students and 5.0% of high school students, with a statistical difference. Overweight/obesity was significantly associated with taking snacks before bed among basic school students [aOR=10.45(5.95-18)] and high school students [aOR=10.23(5.95-18.37)] respectively. Watching TV [aOR=0.39(0.22-0.70)], sleeping during leisure periods [aOR=0.43(0.23-0.81)] and bicycling as a means of transport [aOR=0.37(0.19-0.72)] to school was protective of obesity among basic school students. Conclusion: High prevalence of unhealthy weight-related behaviours was observed among school-aged children in the Bekwai Municipality with significant. Snacking before bed was a major factor promoting obesity among school-aged children whiles leisure behaviours such as TV watching, and sleeping was protective of obesity. Therefore, it is recommended to Promote and support healthy eating habits among school-aged children which are likely beneficial in reducing the risk of childhood unhealthy weight-related behaviours.
Genetic and clinical characterization of BRCA-associated Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer in Navarra (Spain)
Authors: de Sabando Ainara Ruiz , Lafuente Edurne Urrutia , García-Amigot Fermín , Sánchez Ángel Alonso , Garofalo Lourdes Morales , Moreno Sira , Ardanaz Eva , Ramos-Arroyo Maria A
Published: August 2019

Background Genetic testing for BRCA1/2 genes is widely used as a strategy to reduce incidence and morbidity of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer. The purpose of this study is to analyse the demographic and molecular characteristics of BRCA germline mutations in Navarra, Spain, and to investigate the clinical profile of hereditary and sporadic breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) in the Community. Methods The study includes 1246 individuals assessed for BRCA1/2 genetic testing in Navarra, during 2000-2016, and a cohort of BC (n=4384) and OC (n=561) from the population-based Navarra Cancer Registry. Distribution and molecular characteristics of BRCA1/2 mutations, as well as, comparative analysis of the clinical course, pathologic features and overall survival of patients in different risk groups were investigated. Results BRCA mutation detection rate was 16%, with higher proportion (63%) of BRCA2 families. Nineteen per cent of mutations were recurrent, one of which, BRCA2 c.6024dupG, showed high association to OC. BRCA carriers had double risk (95% CI=1.04-4.33) of developing multiple malignancies than low risk families and were diagnosed at a much earlier age (16.6 and 11.7 years difference for BC and OC, respectively) when compared to the general population. For BC, BRCA carriers showed a more advanced histological stage, higher risk of bilateral neoplasms (OR=4.3; 95% CI=1.3-11.4, for BRCA2 carriers) and worse overall survival rate at 5-, 10- and 15- years, than women with sporadic tumors. For OC, over 70% of patients of all risk groups showed advanced stages at diagnosis, with the highest 91% among BRCA1 carriers (91%). Furthermore, they also had higher probability of developing bilateral tumors (OR=7.8, 95%CI=1.7-55.7) than the general population. Five-year overall survival rate was worse among women with sporadic OC than in BRCA carriers, but it levelled out over the 15-year period. Conclusions This study describes the molecular features of BRCA1/2 mutations in Navarra and defines the clinical course and outcomes of BRCA associated tumors compared with those of sporadic origin. Long term assessment of mortality and survival will be required to evaluate the impact of BRCA genetic testing program on the health of target population in our community.
TOPK Promotes Metastasis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Activating Src/GSK3β/STAT3 Signal Pathway though γ-catenin
Authors: Jiang Yanan , Zhang Jing , Zhao Jimin , Li Zhenzhen , Chen Hanyong , Qiao Yan , Chen Xinhuan , liu kangdong , Dong Ziming
Published: August 2019

Background
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease with the poor prognosis in the world. The distal metastasis is the most death reason of ESCC. It is needed to have a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism of metastasis to increase the free survive rate. T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) which is a MAPKK-like kinase takes an vital role in many physical and pathophysiological progress. However, the function of TOPK in ESCC metastasis was unclear.
Methods
Tissue array was used to evaluate the relationship between TOPK and ESCC patient with lymph node metastasis. Wound healing assay, transwell assay and lung metastasis mice model were assessed for the role of TOPK in the migration of ESCC cells in vitro and in vivo respectively. Protein kinase array, MS and molecular modeling were carried out to find the relational pathways and target protein of TOPK. Even, immune-fluorescence and western blot were performed to evaluate the mechanism of TOPK.
Results
We found that the high level of TOPK was correlated with the aggressive phenotype in ESCC tissues. Knocking down TOPK inhibited the invasion and migration of ESCC cells. We also verified that TOPK inhibitor HI-TOPK-032 inhibited the lung metastasis in ESCC cell exnograft model. Even more, molecular investigation indicated that TOPK promoted the invasion of ESCC cells by activing Src/GSK3β/STAT3, ERK pathway by binding with γ-catenin.
Conclusion
These findings reveal that TOPK was sincerely related with ESCC cell metastasis and TOPK promoted the invasion of ESCC cells by activing Src/GSK3β/STAT3, ERK pathway. This means that TOPK may be a potential molecular target for ESCC in clinic.
Caring behavior and associated factors among nurses working in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Oromia, South West Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Oluma Adugna , Abadiga Muktar
Published: August 2019

BACK GROUND

Caring behaviors are actions concerned with the wellbeing of the patients such as sensitivity, comforting, attentive listening, honest and nonjudgmental acceptance. Nurses have an opportunity to convey caring and feeling being cared through their behavior. Behavior associated with caring has a paramount role in linking nursing interaction to the client in experiences but, the concept is ambiguous and elusive toward different scholars to reach on common understanding which is myth in dealing with caring behavior. Only a few studies have been done on the caring behavior and associated factors globally, and no study was done in this study area.

OBJECTIVE

To assess caring behavior and its associated factors among nurses working in Jimma University specialized hospital, south west Ethiopia.

METHODS

An institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted on a sample of 224 nurses working in Jimma university specialized hospital from March 20-April 20, 2019. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including frequency table, mean, standard deviation and percentage were employed. Bivariate and multiple linear regression analysis were used with regression coefficient (β), coefficient of determinant (R2), CI 95% and p<0.05 were used for statistical significance.

RESULTS

The overall proportion of nurses caring behavior was 80.3% which was mostly measured in terms of professional –technical (82.9%) and psychosocial (81.3%) dimension. Job satisfaction as personal satisfaction (beta=1.12, p=0.00), professional satisfaction, (beta=1.07, p=0.00), joint participation in caring process (beta=0.58, p=0.00,) satisfaction with nurse management (beta=0.85, p=00) were significantly associated with caring behavior.

CONCLUSION

The proportion of nurse’s who had high perception of caring behavior was found to be lower. Thus, all predictors have their own effect on enhancing job satisfaction, improving and creating conducive management and working environment to increase caring behavior. Further comparative studies involving multidisciplinary and patient point of view were recommended.
Towards a Digital Health Curriculum for Health Workforce for the African Region
Authors: Munene Derrick , Alunyu Andrew Egwar , Nabukenya Josephine
Published: August 2019

Background

Digital technologies are fast gaining space in health. A skilled workforce is required to use existing and emerging technologies that support healthcare. However, existing medical informatics curriculum from the USA, UK, and African region reveal gaps in required competencies for a digital health worker, especially for the African region. Only a few health workers possess digital competencies required to optimally use existing technologies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the need for and propose a structure of the digital health curriculum for the African region.Methods

The study retrieved 42 peer-reviewed articles and reports published in English between 2005 and 2019 from PubMed Central, Google Scholar, and Biomedical Central. Only articles that addressed any form of pre-service and or in-service training of digital health workers were included in the review. In addition, 13 medical informatics curricula from the USA, UK, and African region were reviewed to determine the structure of the Digital Health curriculum suitable for the African region.Results

Many countries in the African region have developed ehealth strategies that clearly highlight the need to train DH workforce. Results showed knowledge gaps of a communicator, a collaborator, a professional technologist, an advocate, and a manager required of digital health worker in the African region. However, existing digital/health informatics programmes in the region lack balanced course programmes to develop these core competencies. Besides, corresponding online training is modeled after traditional face-to-face training, thus limiting the opportunity for in-service health workers. Validation of the Lesotho curriculum confirmed only 10 modules as suitable to develop a rounded digital health worker (particularly for health leaders) for the African region.Conclusions

Since it is important to develop competencies consistent with the local health systems to realize the full benefits of ehealth technologies, the African region needs to bridge their human resource gaps. Thus, African countries need to first develop or adopt a digital health worker competency framework and then re-organize their national health training curriculum to ensure a standardized / universal curriculum for training the digital health workforce. Future works will assess the DH worker competencies and expected outcomes for the African region.
Evaluating Laboratory Diagnoses of Children’s Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection Reveal Effective Clinical Approaches
Authors: Wang Liangyu , Han Xiaohua , Wei Ran , Han Lina , Guo Dongxing , Liu Xijie , Li Jingyi , Dou Haiwei , Wu Zhaoyong , Li Dan , Tian Xiujun , Li Shaogang , Xin Deli , Shen Kunling
Published: August 2019

This study aims to evaluate laboratory methods for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae . Ninety-three children infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae were tested, and large sample size makes the results representative. The pharyngeal swabs and serum samples were mostly collected from the first week of the disease, or from the second to third week of the disease in recovery children. The pharyngeal swabs from healthy children were cultured and two of them were positive for the bacterium. The accuracy of laboratory diagnostic methods for Mycoplasma pneumoniae were evaluated against serum test with 4-fold increase or decrease in the titers of antibody in two serum samples. The specificity of culture method was high, which suggested that the method was suitable for clinical research. In acute phase, the sensitivities of single serological test or simultaneous amplification and testing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (SAT) were 71.7% and 85%, respectively.
Modeling the Cost of Management Options for small benign non-functional adrenal incidentaloma: A Decision Tree Analysis
Authors: Xuan Xiaoxu , Chen Xingxing , Ni Wenjun , Xie Qun , Ye Yunlin
Published: August 2019

Objective
Using decision analysis to determine the economic benefits of surgery versus surveillance for patients with small benign non-functional adrenal incidentaloma.
Methods
A detailed model was developed that integrates projected costs for a few possible treatment outcomes. Starting values and probabilities were derived from a comprehensive meta-analysis of 1298 patients. Hypothesis testing was performed using sensitivity analysis.
Results
The model predicts a cost premium for follow-up compared with surgery. The tornado analysis identifies the cost of follow-up for once as the most important variables for our model. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that cost equivalence could be met with ¥4359.5 for once follow-up, keeping other factors constant.
Conclusion
Our models of treatment for small benign non-functional adrenal incidentaloma showed significant cost differences for follow-up versus immediate surgery. The cost of follow-up for once featured threshold values.
Externalización del problema y relación con la terapia familiar sistémica
Authors: Guerrero Pulgarín Diana Katherine , Montoya Álvarez Shirley Johana , Álvarez Cuartas Viviana , Moreno Copete Zoyla Emilia
Published: August 2019

Este artículo se fundamentó en el rastreo bibliográfico, sobre las nociones de externalización del problema de la terapia narrativa y la terapia familiar sistémica. Se desarrolló mediante la investigación tipo cualitativa, con enfoque metodológico de alcance hermenéutico, utilizando como estrategia la investigación documental. Se analizaron textos, artículos y demás fuentes con el fin de hallar la relación entre externalización del problema y la terapia familiar sistémica. Los resultados encontrados exponen que la externalización del problema es el eje central de la terapia narrativa; además este concepto fue el más utilizado por parte de los terapeutas familiares que dejaron de lado la cibernética para darle paso al construccionismo social.
Morphometric Analysis of Kolavadi Sub-Watershed in Bhor Tahsil Using GIS Techniques
Authors: Devne Manojkumar , Mundhe Nitin , Kamble Akshada , Dhawale Ganesh
Published: August 2019

The growing demand and competition for water from domestic, industrial and agricultural sectors reached utmost limit. Drainage basins, catchments, and sub-catchments are the hydrological units ideally suited for planning of conservation of land and water resources. GIS techniques are useful for analysis of morphometric properties of any watershad. Morphometric aspects: linear, relief, and areal aspects of Kolavadi sub-watershed of Upper Nira basin were analyzed using spatial tools and arc-hydro tool in Arc GIS 10.3. The bifurcation ratio (2 to 4.5) indicates structural disturbances and mature topography with higher degree of drainage integration. This watershed shows less elongated shape with low relief, moderate to gentle slope, moderate drainage density and highly prone to soil erosion. Techniques used in study and results are useful for planning and monitoring the sub-watersheds for sustainable development.
Integration of bioenergetics in the ADM1 and its impact on model predictions
Authors: Patón Mauricio , Rodríguez Jorge
Published: August 2019

In this work, the integration of dynamic bioenergetic calculations in the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) is presented. The impact of bioenergetics on kinetics was addressed via two different approaches: a thermodynamic-based inhibition function and variable microbial growth yields based on dynamic Gibbs free energy calculations. The dynamic bioenergetic calculations indicate that the standard ADM1 predicts positive reaction rates under thermodynamically unfeasible conditions. The dissolved hydrogen inhibition approach used in ADM1 is, however, deemed as adequate, offering the trade-off of not requiring dynamic bioenergetics computation despite the need of hydrogen inhibition parameters. Simulations of the model with bioenergetics showed the low amount of energy available in butyrate and propionate oxidation, suggesting that microbial growth on these substrates must be very limited or occur via alternative mechanisms rather than dissolved hydrogen.
Qualidade de vida de trabalhadores de equipes de saúde da família no sul do Brasil
Authors: Gessner Cyntia Leila Stiz , Grillo Luciane Peter , Sandri Juliana Vieira de Araújo , Próspero Elisete Navas Sanches , Mariath Aline Brandão
Published: August 2019

Qualidade de vida; Programa Saúde da Família; Pessoal de Saúde.
Saúde mental e psiquiatria nas dissertações e teses em Enfermagem: um estudo bibliométrico
Authors: Santos Milena Silva dos , Sousa Marília de Fátima Vieira de , De Queiroz Aline Macedo , Sousa Fabianne de Jesus Dias de , Silva Luma Letícia Palheta da
Published: August 2019

Saúde Mental; Psiquiatria; Enfermagem; Bibliometria.
Defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário na dentição decídua em crianças nascidas pré-termo e a termo
Authors: Furbino Machado Nayara , Meira Pereira Jucimara Guimarães , De Lima Andrade Deise Mothé , Martins Gomes Ana Paula , Martins Gomes Ana Maria , Citty Sarmento Lilian , Vargas Dadalto Elâine Cristina
Published: August 2019

Developmental defects of the enamel in the deciduous dentition of preterm and full-term infants
Perfil dos pacientes com fibrose cística atendidos no centro de referência pediátrico do Espírito Santo
Authors: Bonfim Izabela Moreira , Matos Córdova Elizabeth Lia , Bragança Garcia Cíntia Carvalho , Marini Paro Flávia
Published: August 2019

Profile of patients with cystic fibrosis assisted at the Pediatric Referral Center of Espírito Santo State
Probióticos, terceira idade e Saúde Pública
Authors: Essado Pereira Sueli , Ramos Kelry Alves
Published: August 2019

Probiotics, third age and Public Health
Discovery and Development of Anti-HIV Therapeutic Agents: Progress Towards Improved HIV Medication
Authors: Maeda Kenji , Das Debananda , Kobayakawa Takuya , Tamamura Hirokazu , Takeuchi Hiroaki
Published: August 2019

The history of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS therapy, which spans over 30 years, is one of the most dramatic stories of science and medicine leading to the treatment of a disease. Since the advent of the first AIDS drug, AZT or zidovudine, a number of agents acting on different drug targets, such as HIV enzymes (e.g. reverse transcriptase, protease, and integrase) and host cell factors critical for HIV infection (e.g. CD4 and CCR5), have been added to our armamentarium to combat HIV/AIDS. In this review article, we first discuss the history of the development of anti-HIV drugs, during which several problems such as drug-induced side effects and the emergence of drug-resistant viruses became apparent and had to be overcome. Nowadays, the success of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART), combined with recently-developed powerful but nonetheless less toxic drugs has transformed HIV/AIDS from an inevitably fatal disease into a manageable chronic infection. However, even with such potent cART, it is impossible to eradicate HIV because none of the currently available HIV drugs are effective in eliminating occult "dormant" HIV cell reservoirs. A number of novel unique treatment approaches that should drastically improve the quality of life (QOL) of patients or might actually be able to eliminate HIV altogether have also been discussed later in the review.