bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifikasi Salmonella sp. Pada Cacing Sutra (Tubifex sp.) Tangkapan Dari Alam dan Hasil Budidaya
Authors: Umidayati Umidayati , Rahardjo Sinung , Ilham Ilham , Mulyono Mugi
Published: May 2020

Cacing sutra merupakan pakan alami yang sangat dibutuhkan pada pembenihan ikan air tawar namun ketersediaannya tidak kontinyu dikarenakan kondisi alam  yang  terbawa arus pada musim penghujan, keberadaan  cacing sutra dialam juga di pengaruhi oleh  banyaknya bahan organik yang melimbah dari limbah rumah tangga yang cendung  adanya kontaminasi bakteri yang terdapat pada  cacing sutra tangkapan dari alam.Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kontinyunitas cacing sutra di budidayakan  dengan media  yang sering adalah  kotoran ayam . Untuk penyedian pakan alami larva ikan sebaiknya di identifikasi bakteri pada cacing tangkapan dari alam dan hasil budidaya. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Basah Sekolah Tinggi Perikanan Jakarta pada bulan Mei – Juli 2019 dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi bakteri salmonella sp. pada media kotoran ayam dan cacing hasil tangkapan alam dan hasil budidaya.  Metode Identifikasi digunakan untuk penelitian ini dan hasilnya dianalis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada cacing sutra dari alam positif mengandung salmonella sp dan sedangkan untuk hasil budidaya negatif tidak mengandung Salmonella sp.
Analisis Kondisi Kesehatan Ikan Patin Pangasius sp. yang Terinfeksi Bakteri Edwardsiella tarda
Authors: A'yunin Qurrota , Budianto Budianto , Andayani Sri , Pratiwi Dwi Candra
Published: May 2020

Infeksi penyakit menjadi satu masalah yang masih sering timbul pada budidaya ikan patin. Salah satu penyakit yang sering timbul dalam budidaya ikan patin adalah penyakit MES (Motile Edwardsiella Septicemia) atau yang biasa dikenal dengan Edwardsielliosis. Penyebab penyakit MES adalah adanya infeksi dari bakteri Edwardsiella tarda.Bakteri E. tardamerupakan bakteri patogen yang memiliki dampak negatif bagi budidaya ikan air tawar. Analisis darah dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan ikan yang terinfeksi bakteri E. tarda. Sampel ikan patin diambil dari pembudidaya ikan di Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Hasil identifikasi isolat bakteri dari ikan patin menggunakan uji biokimia yaitu ikan positif terinfeksi Bakteri Edwardsiella tarda. Kondisi kesehatan ikan dapat dilihat melalui pemeriksaan darah meliputi eritrosit, leukosit, differensial leukosit (limfosit, monosit, dan neutrofil) dengan hasil 2,480±0.032; 3,460±0.087; 80,38±0.34; 12,85±0.12; dan 6,77±0.28 secara berturut-turut pada ikan patin normal, sedangkan pada ikan patin yang terinfeksi bakteri E. tardayaitu 1,695±0,041; 7,795±0,095; 52,15±0.26;33,61±0.52; dan 14,24±0.47 secara berturut-turut. Ikan patin yang terinfeksi bakteri Edwardsiella tardamenunjukkan kondisi kesehatan yang kurang baik, yang ditunjukkan dari peningkatan nilai leukosit, monosit, dan neutrofil sebagai bentuk respon kekebalan tubuh terhadap infeksi bakteri.
Analysis of Water Quality for Marinculture in Moro, Karimun, Riau Islands with Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Wiyoto Wiyoto , Effendi Irzal
Published: May 2020

Finding a good location is of important aspects in mariculture. This can be done by evaluating the water quality data. The aims of the study were to evaluate the seawater quality at Moro, Karimun, Riau Islands and to analyze its compatibility for mariculture by using principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regressions. Generally, seawater qualities in the study area were in the tolerance range for mariculture. Surface water samples were collected from five different sampling points around Moro Sea. PCA results demonstrated that there were eleven variation factors which explained 95.4% of the total variance. In addition, based on PCA and multiple linear regressions, four water quality predictors for environmental quality could be identified, that is nitrite (NO2), temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. Multiple linear regressions showed that the contribution of each parameter to the water quality was significant (R2=1, P < 0.05).
EDITORIAL: FROM REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH TO UNPREPARED HEALTH SYSTEM STRUCTURE: REMEMBERING WHY WE START THE DIGITAL HEALTH
Authors: Putri Nuzulul Kusuma
Published: May 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic brought blessings in disguise to how we should run the new era of digital health. As the developing country with unsolved health problems, Indonesia needs some “forces” to reach the new era of health digitalization. This era is the time to enter the new order of healthcare services. The Volume 8 Number 1 was prepared before the pandemic started, but the articles were totally related to the ongoing disruption. We published our current edition by underlining the prospective of digital health on their respect of old-fashioned health problems in Indonesia. Three main topics were covered in this edition; how we start the digital health, what should be prepared, and what health problems should be addressed.
SOCIAL ENGINEERING AS AN EVOLUTIONARY THREAT TO INFORMATION SECURITY IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Patel Naiya
Published: May 2020

Information security in healthcare settings is overlooked even though it is the most vulnerable for social engineering attacks. The theft of hospital information data is critical to be monitored as they contain patients’ confidential health information. If leaked, the data can impact patients’ social as well as professional life. The hospital data system includes administrative data, as well as employees’ personal information hacked, which can cause identity theft. The current paper discusses types and sources of social engineering attacks in healthcare organizations. Social engineering attacks occur more frequently than other malware attacks, and hence it is crucial to understand what social engineering is and its vulnerabilities to understand the prevention measures. The paper describes types of threats, potential vulnerabilities, and possible solutions to prevent social engineering attacks in healthcare organizations. Keywords: social engineering, hospitals, healthcare organizations, information security.
IMPACT OF CLINICAL PATHWAYS COMPLIANCE FOR REDUCING LENGTH OF STAY
Authors: Siswanto Michael , Chalidyanto Djazuly
Published: May 2020

Background: Clinical pathway is multidisciplinary care plan based on the best clinical practice for a group of patients with a particular diagnosis, designed to minimize care delay as well as maximize the quality of care and clinical outcomes. In 2017, average length of stay for pediatric patient with acute gastroenteritis was prolonged even clinical pathways had been implemented.Aim: Thid study determined the diagnostic examination and therapy compliance of clinical pathway related to the length of stay.Method: This study was cross sectional research through simple random sampling. Researchers analyzed pediatric patients whose clinical pathway were filled completely by doctors. The inclusion criteria were pediatric patients, admitted to hospitals during January to December 2018 as acute gastroenteritis patients. The data were analyzed using multiple classification analysis.Results: There were 197 patients with clinical pathway filled completely. As much as 60.91% of cases were compiled for diagnostic examination and 88.32% for therapy. There was no statistically significant correlation between diagnostic examination compliance (p > 0.05) and therapy compliance (p > 0.05) of clinical pathway with patients’ length of stay (combined = p > 0.05).Conclusion: Many factors could be related with the length of stay especially patients’ condition itself. In this study, clinical pathway compliance has no impact in reducing length of stay. Keywords: clinical pathway, compliance, length of stay, pediatric.
Analisis Kualitas Pelayanan untuk Meningkatkan Kepuasan Konsumen: Studi Kasus Gold’s Gym Bandung
Authors: Bernik Merita
Published: May 2020

Health is the most common thing and becomes the primary need of every human being. One way to keep us healthy is to diligently exercise. There are various kinds of sports that can be done, and there are also many facilities provided for sports. One of the facilities that can be utilized is the fitness center. One fitness center in Bandung has an increasing number of consumers and members. This shows the existence of consumer satisfaction, one of the variable to meet customer satisfaction is the existence of good quality service. The method used in this study is a descriptive method using primary data and secondary data, the data that has been obtained is then processed, analyzed and entered into the Cartesian diagram. The results obtained from the quality of services provided are in a fairly good category and many indicators are included in the B quadrant where quality is considered important as a factor supporting consumer satisfaction.
The Status of Transgender Men Heir in Patrilineal System of Adat Inheritance Law
Authors: Salim Katherine Abidea
Published: May 2020

Technology has enabled individuals with gender dysphoria - that is, those with a sense of incompatibility between gender and biological sex, to undergo sex reassignment surgery. Indonesia is one country which recognizes the right to legal recognition of sex reassignment. Nonetheless, the issue of sex change remains a taboo one in Indonesia, where religion and adat play important roles. Many Adat systems in Indonesia adopt a patrilineal inheritance system, where only sons may inherit, but have no established rules as to the ability of transgender men, born as women, to inherit. This article seeks to answer the question of whether transgender men have the right to a share of any, if at all, of their fathers’ inheritance. The author uses normative legal research using various sources of law, especially those found in statutes and regulations doctrines, and jurisprudences. In addition, secondary sources on Adat and inheritance law are used as supplementary sources. The research concludes that the change of biological sex does enable transgender men, who were prior to sex reassignment surgery not entitled to any inheritance, to inherit their fathers’ inheritance. This is owed to the fact that the ability to inherit in Indonesian Adat systems is concerned solely with the ability to carry family name, and not the ability to procreate as a man.
COVID-19 Pandemic Burden on Global Economy: A Paradigm Shift
Authors: Zaman K Taeen , Islam Hiya , Khan Asir Newaz , Shweta Dipita Saha , Rahman Ahsab , Masud Jaasia , Araf Yusha , Sarkar Bishajit , Ullah Md. Asad
Published: May 2020

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus obstructed the Chinese economy and has expanded to the rest of the world at a rapid pace affecting at least 215 countries, areas and territories. The advancement of the disease and its economic repercussions is profoundly ambiguous, making it challenging for policymakers to formulate suitable microeconomic and macroeconomic policy responses. The scenarios in this paper illustrate how an outbreak could significantly affect the global economy in the short run. It has been estimated that each additional month of crisis would cost from about 2.5-3% of the global GDP and that the GDP growth would take a blow, reaching about 3-6%, depending on the country. Scenarios also suggest that GDP can drop by more than 10% and even exceed 15% in some countries. Via addressing the economic consequence of COVID-19 in different industries and countries, the paper presents assessments of the likely global economic costs of COVID-19 and the GDP growth of different countries. Economies will be negatively affected because of the high number of jobs at risk. Countries highly dependent on foreign trade are more negatively affected. Given that disease and its economic influence are highly unpredictable in numerous aspects, the global economy at the moment is the most critically threatened in history.
PERAN PENDIDIKAN TERHADAP EKSISTENSI KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT ADAT KAMPUNG NAGA, TASIKMALAYA, JAWA BARAT
Authors: Kurniawan Itok Dwi , Suryono Hassan
Published: May 2020

One of the most important aspects of life is education, thinking and human behavior along with the education has been taken. Education is one of the most important efforts for a nation in maintaining its existence. The purpose of this research is study the role of education to the existence  the custom society of Kampung Naga, Tasikmalaya, West Java. This research is a qualitative research with descriptive qualitative method. The data used in the form of qualitative data. Data collection techniques used are observation and literature review. The data analysis techniques using interactive models. The results of research is shown that the important of education role to existence for custom society life of Kampung Naga, Tasikmalaya, West Java. It is shown that the role of education provides more usefulness, but does not change their behavior. There is not only formal education that already exists but also balanced with environmental education in the form of education from family. This education is done so that they can teach the pattern of hereditary behavior that has existed from an early age so that their existence will still survive. They is custom society is not easy along the formal and custom so there are some problems about education. The role of Tasikmalaya Regency Government to encourage indigenous Kampung Naga community for formal education needs to be improved

Keywords: Education, Custom Society
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PKn MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MAKE A MATCH DI KELAS IX DI SMP NEGERI 7 SALATIGA
Authors: Mediatati Nani , Ardhiyanto Ferditya
Published: May 2020

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran  PKn  menggunakan model pembelajaran Make A Match di kelas IX D SMP Negeri 7 Salatiga. Hasil belajar siswa yang rendah disebabkan masih digunakannya metode ceramah dibantu media buku cetak ketika guru mengajar, sehingga siswa pasif dan kurang memahami materi. Penggunaan model pembelajaran Make A Match merupakan bentuk tindakan perbaikan pembelajaran yang dipilih untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Prosedur penelitian meliputi tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan dan pengamatan, serta refleksi yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan tes, sedangkan analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa. Sebelum tindakan  hanya 6 siswa (23,08%) yang tuntas KKM . Setelah tindakan pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 20 siswa (76,92%) tuntas KKM dan pada siklus II menjadi 26 siswa (100%) tuntas KKM. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran Make A Match dalam pembelajaran PKn dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.

 

Kata kunci : Model Pembelajaran Make A Match, Hasil Belajar
ASAS PROPORSIONAL DALAM PERJANJIAN WARALABA (FRANCHISE)
Authors: Rahayu Siti , Supartini Supartini , Hartanti Sinarianda Kurnia
Published: May 2020

Waralaba adalah persetujuan atas pemberian hak atas istimewaan untuk memasarkan suatu barang atau jasa dari pemilik kepada pihak lain yang diatur dalam suatu aturan permainan tertentu. Waralaba juga digunakan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia (PPRI) Nomor 16 Tahun 1997 adalah kata lain dari franchise. Dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia (PPRI) Nomor 16 Tahun 1997 tersebut sebagai kata lain dari franchisor disebut pemberi waralaba dan untuk kata lain dari franchise disebut penerima waralaba. Definisi mengenai waralaba ini kemudian berkembang dengan bermacam-macam pengertian namun dengan prinsip yang sama yakni adanya pemberian hak menggunakan atau memanfaatkan hak milik intelektual dari pihak pemberi waralaba oleh penerima waralaba dalam suatu jaringan pemasaran.

Kata kunci : asas proporsional, perjanjian, waralaba.
KARTU POP UP TIGA DIMENSI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PRAKTIK BERKONSTITUSI MELALUI PENDEKATAN GOOD NEWS CLASSMEETING
Authors: Sudibyo Didit Yoga
Published: May 2020

Three Dimensional Pop Up Cards Efforts to Improve Constitutional Knowledge and Practices through the Good News Classmeeting, is the learning of PPKn in the counstitution field which emphasizes three components of PPKn learning, namely civic knowledge, civic skills and civic disposition. Learning with the help of three dimensional media Pop Up makes it interesting and makes it easy to learn articles in the UUD 1945 constitution. Learning with audio video media containing new news in constitutional practice brings students knowledge closer and will form students ready in constitutional practice in Indonesia Keywords: pop up cards, counstitution, good news classmeeting
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM KELUARGA HARAPAN TERHADAP PEMENUHAN HAK SOSIAL WARGA LANSIA MISKIN (STUDI DI KECAMATAN JEBRES KOTA SURAKARTA)
Authors: Hidayat Barjo Wahyu , Nuryadi Muhammad Hendri , Rusnaini Rusnaini
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to (1) knowhow the implementation of PKH policies towards the fulfillment of social rights of poor elderly citizens. (2) to find out the factors that affect the implementation of PKH policies. This study used descriptive qualitative research. Sources of data used are informants, events or activities and documents. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Techniques of the data collection and compilation of data were done by interviews, observation and document analysis. The researcher used data triangulation and triangulation methods to obtain valid data. While the techniques of analyzing the data using interactive models are: (1) data collection (2) data reduction (3) data presentation and (4) drawing conclusions. This research procedure follows the following steps: (1) pre-field, (2) field implementation, (3) field analysis, and (4) preparation of the research report. Based on the results of the research can be concluded that: (1) Implementation of PKH in the fulfillment of the social rights of poor elderly people in Jebres District has been run in accordance with the SOP in the PKH guidebook, These activities include: Targetting, Socialization, Grants, group meetings, assistance and commitment verification. (2) There are supporting and inhibiting factors in the implementation of PKH in Jebres Sub-district, Supporting Factors: Resources, Public Support, and Characteristics of implementing agents, while the constraining factors: Communication, Disposition. and goals. Keywords :Implementation of policy, Family Hope Program, social rights of poor elderly citizens
STRATEGI GURU DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK MELALUI UNIT KEGIATAN BELAJAR MANDIRI MATA PELAJARAN PPKn (Studi di SMA Negeri 3 Surakarta)
Authors: Sara Novita Taya , Rusnaini Rusnaini , Winarno Winarno
Published: May 2020

The research aims to find out: 1) The strategy of teachers in  student’s critical thinking learning using self learning activity in Pancasila and Citizenship Education in SMA Negeri 3 Surakarta; 2)  Teacher’s supporting factors and inhibitory factor in  critical thinking learning using self learning activity in Pancasila and Citizenship Education in SMA Negeri 3 Surakarta.

They study uses a qualitative approach, a type of qualitative descriptive research. Data sources are obtained from the informant, place and document. Sampling techniques using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques using interviews, observations, and document analysis. Data validity using trianggulation data and Trianggulation method. Analyze data using interactive analysis models.

Result of the research: 1) The strategy of teachers in student’s critical thinking learning using self learning activities in Pancasila education subjects and citizenship in Pancasila and Citizenship Education in SMA Negeri 3 Surakarta: a) Teacher need to learn and understand about the components development and characteristics of self learning activities ; b) The teacher makes a learning activity by displaying questions of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS); c) The teacher makes the look of self learning activity; and d) The teacher designed the planning, implementation, and evaluation activities. 2) The teacher's supporting factor in student’s critical thinking learning using self learning in Pancasila Education and Citizenship course includes: a) schools facilities; b) The positive response from the students with the self learning activity; c) Learning activities in the self learning activities lead to the growing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) that support critical thinking skills; d) Self learning activities as a self-learning strategy that helps learners achieve learning submission. The inhibitory factor includes internal factors: a) The feeling of fear of self-learners; b) lack of ability to communicate students; and c) lack of motivation in the students in the interest of the study of Pancasila and the citizenship. External factors include: a) The responses of nearby friends who often laugh at other learners when they wrong answer; b) Limited time allocation; c) Learners who have completed self learning activity of Pancasila and Citizenship Education must wait for other learners to get new material taught by the teacher and; d) Find it difficult to print the modul for the self learning activity of Pancasila and Citizenship Education because of the limited fund of the school.
Keywords: Strategies, Critical Thinking, Self Learning Activity, Pancasila Education and Citizenship
Complete Transection of the Median Nerve with Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Swan Courtney C. , Buchanan Patrick J. , Chim Harvey
Published: May 2020

Case:

We report a case of complete median nerve transection due to a distal radius fracture. In the setting of high energy trauma and a widely displaced fracture, a volar ulnar spike from the proximal fragment likely transected the median nerve. After open reduction and internal fixation of the distal radius fracture, the median nerve was repaired directly. Postoperative radiographs at 10 weeks revealed a healed fracture with clinical examination, showing good pain-free range of motion at the radiocarpal joint.

Conclusion:

This case suggests that exploration and visualization of the median nerve to exclude injury may be considered on a case-by-case basis in the presence of sensory and motor symptoms, suggesting median nerve dysfunction after a highly displaced distal radius fracture.
The hospice as a learning environment: A follow-up, qualitative study with palliative care professionals and school teachers involved in a previous death education intervention
Authors: Testoni Ines , Sblano Fabio Vito , Palazzo Lorenza , Pompele Sara , Wieser Michael Alexander
Published: May 2020

Background: In Western society, discussions about death have shifted from the domain of the everyday to the domain of medicine. Such censorship does not reduce the fear of death; rather, it deprives people of the means to elaborate their experiences of death, generating negative effects such as difficult mourning and stigmatisation of palliative care environments. The objective of this follow-up study was to detect whether and how death education can help to improve individuals’ relationship with death. Methods: This was a qualitative research study based on grounded theory. We conducted semi-structured interviews with both palliative care professionals and teachers who had taken part in a death education intervention three years earlier. The interviews were interpreted through thematic analysis. Results: The results confirmed death education’s positive effect for both palliative care professionals and teachers. These individuals reported that the education initiative helped them to positively modify their perspectives on death and dying, as well as their attitudes towards life. It also helped to improve community attitudes towards the hospice and its workers. Conclusions: This study confirmed that school education initiatives can create continuity between hospices and local communities. The death education project provided an educational space in which it was possible to elaborate experiences linked to death and to re-evaluate and appreciate hospices and their staff.
Targeted next generation sequencing assays using triplet samples of normal breast tissue, primary breast cancer, and recurrent/metastatic lesions
Authors: Akahane Toshiaki , Kanomata Naoki , Harada Oi , Yamashita Tetsumasa , Kurebayashi Junichi , Tanimoto Akihide , Moriya Takuya
Published: May 2020

Background: Next generation sequencing (NGS) has shown that recurrent/metastatic breast cancer lesions may have additional genetic changes compared with the primary tumour. These additional changes may be related to tumour progression and/or drug resistance. The breast cancer-targeted NGS, however, is not still widely used for comparing genomic profile of primary breast cancer and recurrent/metastatic lesions in clinical practice.Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from normal breast tissue, primary breast cancer, and recurrent/metastatic lesion(s) from the same patient. A DNA library was constructed using the QIAseq Human Breast Cancer Panel (93 genes, Qiagen) and then sequenced by a MiSeq (Illumina). The Qiagen web portal was utilized for data analysis.Results: Of 35 breast cancer cases with recurrence/metastases, successful results for three or four samples (normal breast tissue, primary tumour, and at least one metastatic/recurrent lesion) were obtained for 11 patients (36 samples). We detected shared somatic mutations in all but one patient, who had germline mutation in TP53. Additional mutations were detected in recurrent/metastatic lesions compared with primary tumour in genes including TP53 (three patients) and one case each of ATR, BLM, CBFB, EP300, ERBB2, MUC16, PBRM1, and PIK3CA. Actionable mutations and/or copy number variations (CNVs) were detected in 82% (9/11) of recurrent/metastatic breast cancer cases.Conclusions: The QIAseq Human Breast Cancer Panel assay could identify driver mutations in both primary breast tumour tissue and recurrent/metastatic lesions in almost all patients. This method can assist in identifying drug-targetable mutation and CNV in metastatic breast cancers.
Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Serious Mental Illness, and Delivery-Related Health Outcomes, United States, 2006-2015
Authors: McKee Kimberly Schmitt , Admon Lindsay K. , Winkelman Tyler N. A. , Muzik Maria , Hall Stephanie , Dalton Vanessa K. , Zivin Kara
Published: May 2020

Background: National estimates of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMAD) and serious mental illness (SMI) among delivering women over time, as well as associated outcomes and costs, are lacking. The prevalence of perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and serious mental illness from 2006-2015 were estimated as well as associated risk of adverse obstetric outcomes, including severe maternal morbidity and mortality (SMMM), and delivery costs using a serial, cross-sectional analysis of National Inpatient Sample data. The prevalence of PMAD and SMI were estimated among delivering women as well as obstetric outcomes, healthcare utilization, and delivery costs using adjusted weighted logistic with predictive margins and generalized linear regression models, respectively. Results: The study included an estimated 39,025,974 delivery hospitalizations from 2006-2015 in the U.S. PMAD increased from 18.4 (95% CI 16.4-20.0) to 40.4 (95% CI 39.3-41.6) per 1,000 deliveries. SMI also increased among delivering women over time, from 4.2 (95% CI 3.9-4.6) to 8.1 (95% CI 7.9-8.4) per 1,000 deliveries. Medicaid covered 72% (95% CI 71.2-72.9) of deliveries complicated by SMI compared to 44% (95% CI 43.1-45.0) and 43.5% (95% CI 42.5-44.5) among PMAD and all other deliveries, respectively. Women with PMAD and SMI experienced higher incidence of SMMM, and increased hospital transfers, lengths of stay, and delivery-related costs compared to other deliveries (P<.001 for all). Conclusion: Over the past decade, the prevalence of both PMAD and SMI among delivering women increased substantially across the United States, and affected women had more adverse obstetric outcomes and delivery-related costs compared to other deliveries.
Patterns of human exposure to malaria vectors in Zanzibar and implications for malaria elimination efforts
Authors: Monroe April , Msaky Dickson , Kiware Samson , Tarimo Brian B. , Moore Sarah , Haji Khamis , Koenker Hannah , Harvey Steven , Finda Marceline , Ngowo Halfan , Mihayo Kimberly , Greer George , Ali Abdullah , Okumu Fredros
Published: May 2020

Background Zanzibar provides a good case study for malaria elimination. The islands have experienced a dramatic reduction in malaria burden since the introduction of effective vector control interventions and case management. Malaria prevalence has now been maintained below 1% for the past decade and the islands can feasibly aim for elimination. Methods To better understand factors that may contribute to remaining low-level malaria transmission in Zanzibar, layered human behavioural and entomological research was conducted between December 2016 and December 2017 in 135 randomly selected households across six administrative wards. The study included: 1) household surveys, 2) structured household observations of nighttime activity and sleeping patterns, and 3) paired indoor and outdoor mosquito collections. Entomological and human behavioural data were integrated to provide weighted estimates of exposure to vector bites, accounting for proportions of people indoors or outdoors, and protected by insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) each hour of the night. Results Overall, 92% of female Anopheles mosquitoes were caught in the rainy season compared to 8% in the dry season and 72% were caught outdoors compared to 28% indoors. For individual ITN users, ITNs prevented an estimated two-thirds (66%) of exposure to vector bites and nearly three quarters (73%) of residual exposure was estimated to occur outdoors. Based on observed levels of ITN use in the study sites, the population-wide mean personal protection provided by ITNs was 42%. Discussion/Conclusions This study identified gaps in malaria prevention in Zanzibar with results directly applicable for improving ongoing programme activities. While overall biting risk was low, the most notable finding was that current levels of ITN use are estimated to prevent less than half of exposure to malaria vector bites. Variation in ITN use across sites and seasons suggests that additional gains could be made through targeted social and behaviour change interventions. However, even for ITN users, gaps in protection remain, with a majority of exposure to vector bites occurring outdoors before going to sleep. Supplemental interventions targeting outdoor exposure to malaria vectors, and groups that may be at increased risk of exposure to malaria vectors, should be explored.
Could age increase the strength of inverse association between ultraviolet B exposure and colorectal cancer?
Authors: Purushothaman Vidya Lakshmi , Cuomo Raphael E , Garland Cedric F , Mackey Tim Ken
Published: May 2020

Background: Vitamin D has been identified as a potential protective factor the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We expect to see a stronger association of ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure and CRC crude rates with increasing age since chronic vitamin D deficiency leads to sustained molecular changes that increase cancer risk. The DINOMIT (disjunction, initiation, natural selection, overgrowth, metastasis, involution, and transition) model postulates various stages of cancer development due to vitamin D deficiency and the associated latency period. The purpose of this study is to examine this age-dependent inverse relationship globally.Methods: In this ecological study, a series of linear and polynomial regression tests were performed between country specific UVB estimates adjusted for cloud cover and crude incidence rates of CRC for different age groups. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association between crude incidence rates of colorectal cancer and UVB estimate adjusting for urbanization, skin pigmentation, smoking, animal consumption, per capita GDP, and life expectancy. Statistical analysis was followed by geospatial visualization by producing choropleth maps.Results: The inverse relationship between UVB exposure and CRC crude rates was stronger in older age groups at the country level. Quadratic curve fitting was preferred, and these models were statistically significant for all age groups. The inverse association between crude incidence rates of CRC and UVB exposure was statistically significant for age groups above 45 years, after controlling for covariates.Conclusion: The age-dependent inverse association between UVB exposure and incidence of colorectal cancer exhibits a greater effect size among older age groups in global analyses. Studying the effect of chronic vitamin D deficiency on colorectal cancer etiology will help in understanding the necessity for population wide screening programs for vitamin D deficiency, especially in regions with inadequate UVB exposure. Further studies are required to assess the need for adequate public health programs such as selective supplementation and food fortification.
Efficacy and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine and prevalence of molecular markers associated with resistance, Guinea: an open-label two-arm randomized controlled trial
Authors: Beavogui Abdoul Habib , Camara Alioune , Delamou Alexandre , Doumbouya Abdoulaye , Kourouma Karifa , Bouedouno Patrice , Guilavogui Timothee , Santos Souza Samaly dos , Kelley Julia , Talundzic Eldin , Fofana Aissata , Plucinski Mateusz M , Diallo Mamadou Saliou
Published: May 2020

​ Background: Antimalarial resistance is a threat to recent gains in malaria control. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in the management of uncomplicated malaria and to measure the prevalence of molecular markers of resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in sentinel sites in Maferinyah and Labé Health Districts in Guinea in 2016. Methods: This was a two-arm randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of AL and ASAQ among children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in two sites. Children were followed for 28 days to assess clinical and parasitological response. The primary outcome was the Kaplan-Meier estimate of Day 28 (D28) efficacy after correction by microsatellite-genotyping. Pre-treatment (D0) and day of failure samples were assayed for molecular markers of resistance in the pfk13 and pfmdr1 genes. Results: A total of 421 participants were included with 211 participants in the Maferinyah site and 210 in Labé. No early treatment failure was observed in any study arms. However, 22 (5.3%) participants developed a late treatment failure (8 in the ASAQ arm and 14 in the AL arm), which were further classified as 2 recrudescences and 20 reinfections. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the corrected efficacy at D28 was 100% for both AL and ASAQ in Maferinyah site and 99% (95% Confidence Interval: 97.2-100%) for ASAQ and 99% (97.1-100%) for AL in Labé. The majority of successfully analyzed D0 (98%, 380/389) and all day of failure (100%, 22/22) samples were wild type for pfk13 . All 9 observed pfk13 mutations were polymorphisms not associated with artemisinin resistance. The NFD haplotype was the predominant haplotype in both D0 (197/362, 54%) and day of failure samples (11/18, 61%) successfully analyzed for pfmdr1 . Vomiting was the most common observed side effect (14%) across all arms. Conclusions: This study observed high efficacy and safety of both ASAQ and AL in Guinea, providing evidence for their continued use to treat uncomplicated malaria. Continued monitoring of ACT efficacy and safety and molecular makers of resistance in Guinea is important to detect emergence of parasite resistance and to inform evidence-based malaria treatment policies.
Identification and genetic analysis of qCL1.2 , a novel allele of the “green revolution” gene SD1 from wild rice ( Oryza rufipogon ) that enhances plant height
Authors: Zhang Lizhen , Huang Jingfen , Wang Yanyan , Xu Rui , Yang Ziyi , Zhao Zigang , Liu Shijia , Tian Yunlu , Zheng Xiaoming , Li Fei , Wang Junrui , Song Yue , Li Jiaqi , Cui Yongxia , Zhang Lifang , Cheng Yunlian , Lan Jinhao , qiao weihua , Yang Qingwen
Published: May 2020

Background: The exploitation of novel alleles from wild rice that were lost during rice cultivation could be very important for rice breeding and evolutionary studies. Plant height (PH) was a target of artificial selection during rice domestication and is still a target of modern breeding. The “green revolution” gene semi-dwarf 1 (SD1) were well documented and used in the past decades, allele from wild rice could provide new insights into the functions and evolution of this gene.Results: We identified a PH-related quantitative trait locus, qCL1.2, from wild rice using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines. qCL1.2 encodes a novel allele of SD1 gene. The wild allele of SD1 is a dominant locus that can significantly promote rice internode length by regulating the expression levels of genes involved in gibberellin biosynthesis and signal transduction. Nucleotide diversity and haplotype network analyses of the SD1 gene were performed using 2,822 rice landraces. Two previously reported functional nucleotide polymorphisms clearly differentiated japonica and indica rice; however, they were not associated with PH selection. Other new functional nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding, but not promoter, regions were involved in PH selection during rice domestication. Our study increases understanding of the rice SD1 gene and provides additional evidence of this gene’s selection during rice domestication.Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that SD1 gene from wild rice enhances plant height and new functional nucleotide polymorphisms of this gene were artificially selected during cultivated rice differentiation.
The Correlation between Follow-up MRI Findings and Laboratory Results in Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis
Authors: Ahn Kyung-Sik , Kang Chang Ho , Hong Suk-Joo , Kim Baek Hyun , Shim Euddeum
Published: May 2020

Background Although MRI is the gold-standard imaging method in the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, role of follow-up imaging is debated and there can be discrepancies with regard to the significance of bony or soft tissue responses to treatment. Purpose of our study is to test whether the MRI changes on follow-up imaging correlate with laboratory findings of treatment response. Methods A total of 48 patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis who underwent baseline and follow-up MRI were retrospectively reviewed. The extent of bone marrow edema, paravertebral soft tissue inflammation, and disc height were compared on baseline and follow-up MRIs with the C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels obtained from the medical records at baseline and on follow-up. Relationships between the MRI and laboratory changes were analyzed using the Spearmann correlation test. Results The mean MRI follow-up period was 42.25 days. Based on the CRP (resolved: n=19, resolving: n=19, and aggravated: n=10), there was significant correlation between the laboratory results and the changes in the bone and soft tissues (p < 0.01, both). The correlation was best with soft tissue changes (rho: 0.48) followed by bony changes (rho: 0.41). Based on the ESR (resolved: n=8, resolving: n=22, and worsened: n=18), the correlation was stronger with bone changes (rho: 0.45, p < 0.01) than it was with soft tissue changes (rho: 0.39, p = 0.01). Conclusion Follow-up MRI findings of pyogenic spondylodiscitis show variable tissue responses. CRP was best correlated with soft tissue changes, while ESR showed the best association with bony changes.
WITHDRAWN: Role of Organizations in Preparedness and Emergency Response to Flood Disaster in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Babul
Published: May 2020

The present study is to know the role of organizations and make an assessment on their performances regarding preparedness and emergency response of flood disaster affected people. This study has used a mixed-method approach. Flood-affected people were the respondents to evaluate the organizational role. The study reveals that before the flood in 2017 to minimize the loss and damages, the GOs play a very effective role concerning the arrangement of preparatory meetings and preparing shelter centers, and NGOs play a very useful role in making arrangements for awareness-building training. During the emergency period, the GOs played a comparatively better role in providing CI sheets and cash money as relief for establishing housing facilities and emergency support. The NGOs played relatively a better role in providing food, water, clothes, medicine, etc. This study put forward complications such as limited sanctions, disruption of communication, lack of awareness of sufferers, and overlapping. The findings of this study would be a significant for the disaster policymakers, and civil societies.
Eating disorders among patients with borderline personality disorder: understanding the prevalence and psychopathology
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen
Published: May 2020

Background: Treatment protocols can be bolstered and etiological and maintenance factors can be recognized more easily by a superior understanding of emotions and emotion regulation in the comorbidity of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and feeding and eating disorders (FEDs). Therefore, the present study aimed at investigating the prevalence and psychopathology of FEDs in patients with BPD.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 220 participants were examined in three groups, namely BPD (n = 38), BPD+FEDs (n = 72), and the healthy control (n = 110), from August 2018 to November 2019. The participants were selected by systematic random sampling among the patients who referred to Baharan psychiatric hospital in Zahedan, Iran, with the sampling interval of 3. The subjects were evaluated by borderline personality inventory (BPI), structured clinical interview for DSM-5 personality disorders (SCID-5-PD), structured clinical interviews for DSM-5: research version (SCID-5-RV), the 26-item eating attitudes test (EAT-26), 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS-20), Beck anxiety disorder (BAI), and Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II). Results: The results showed a 65.4% (n = 72) prevalence of FEDs in patients with BPD. Also, the highest and lowest prevalence rates were reported for “other specified feeding and eating disorders” (51.3%) and “bulimia nervosa” (6.9%), respectively. Although the highest mean score of TAS-20 was related to anorexia nervosa, there was no significant difference between the scores of various types of FEDs. The mediation analysis showed that anxiety and depression would play a mediating role in the relationship between alexithymia and eating-disordered behaviors. Conclusions: The results have suggested that alexithymia, anxiety, and depression should receive clinical attention as potential therapeutic targets in the comorbidity of BPD and FEDs. The clinical implications of the research have been conducted to date, and directions for future research have been discussed.
Neuroprotective effect of Indobufen against pyroptosis following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury both in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Zhang Tian , Xu Dan , Li Fengyang , Liu Rui , Hou Kai , Gou Xue , Liu Jia , Fang Weirong , Li Yunman
Published: May 2020

Background: Indobufen is a new generation of antiplatelet agents and has been shown to have antithrombotic effects in animal models. However, the efficacy of Indobufen on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and its mechanisms remain to be investigated. Methods: In this study, the efficacy of Indobufen with both pre- and post-treatment on rats suffering middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) was investigated. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured and underwent oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury for in vitro studies. Relationship between Indobufen and pyroptosis associated NF-κB/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway was preliminarily discussed. Results: The pharmacodynamic tests revealed that Indobufen ameliorated I/R injury by decreasing the platelet aggregation, infarct size, brain edema and neurologic impairment in rats and rescuing cell apoptosis/pyroptosis in HUVECs. The underlying mechanisms were probably related to pyroptosis suppression by regulating the NF-κB/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway. Conclusion: Overall, these studies indicates that Indobufen exerts protective and therapeutic effects against I/R injury by pyroptosis suppression via downregulating NF-κB/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway.
Current Status of Scientific Research Accomplishments of Senior Eight-year-program Medical Students in China: A Multicenter Cross-sectional Questionnaire-based Study
Authors: Wan Mengyao , Liu Shuang , Zhu Jiawei , Xiao Sulong , Yuan Lei , Lei Xiaokang , Lei Hao , Shi Xiaomeng , You Wen , Ruan Gechong , Li Ji , Qian Jiaming
Published: May 2020

Backgrounds: Among the distinct medical education systems in China, the eight-year program is an elite program dedicated to cultivating physician scientists. Although the research ability of senior students in eight-year medical programs is a pivotal quality, it remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the current status and challenges of students’ research experience, abilities and outputs.Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in five medical schools in northern China. Electronic questionnaires were sent to 235 randomly chosen fifth-grade or sixth-grade eight-year-program medical students. A total of 211 responses were collected and analyzed using SPSS 22.0.Results: Only 13.3% of participants chose research as their future career goal. Students generally felt that conducting research was stressful and difficult. The greatest obstacle was a lack of time due to heavy workloads. The two major motivations for research were graduation and future employment (75.8%) and research interest (24.2%). More than half of the students (142, 67.3%) had research experience by the time of the survey, among whom 84 students already had research outputs. A higher proportion of students with outputs was motivated by the requirements for graduation or employment compared to students without outputs (71.4% vs. 55.2%, P = 0.046).Conclusions: Senior eight-year-program medical students in China generally had high pressure to conduct research and devoted their efforts to overcome these challenges. More guidance and novel encouragement to enhance students’ initiative and interest in research could be provided by medical schools and educators in the future.
Comparative Study OCT versus MRI T2 in Diagnosis of Degenerative Cartilage Lesions
Authors: Faur Cosmin Ioan , Abu-Awwad Ahmed , Tudoran Mariana , Ungureanu Ana Maria , Tudoran Cristina , Patrascu Jenel Marian , Sinescu Cosmin
Published: May 2020

BackgroundWhen diagnosed early, degenerative cartilage lesions are reversible if the appropriate therapeutical measures are applied. Currently available diagnostic methods (radiography, MRI and arthroscopic examination) do not provide the accuracy needed in the early diagnosis of these lesions.MethodsThe aim of the study is to analyse, in an ex vivo study on osteochondral fragments taken from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, weather the OCT technique is effective in detecting these lesions. The results will be compared to the preoperative MRI images (especially T2 mapping technique).ResultsThe percentage of the agreement between the two reviewers was 89% (8 out of 9 cases) during the OCT examination process.ConclusionOCT is a new technique potentially useful in the diagnosis of cartilage lesions. The possibility of performing it through minimally invasive techniques currently (arthroscopic surgery) further increases the value of this technique. OCT is a non-destructive diagnosing technique in degenerative cartilage lesions whose efficiency is comparable to MRI T2 technique and superior to conventional MRI.