bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TAKHRIJ AL-HADITH HADIS-HADIS DALAM BUKU SISWA “PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DAN BUDI PEKERTI” KELAS XI
Authors: Khamim Khamim
Published: April 2022

Takhrij al-Hadith pada buku “Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dan Budi Pekerti” Kelas XI  belum ditemukan. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada pelacakan sumber hadis-hadis dari buku tersebut dan kualitasnya, sehingga hasil penelitian ini akan menjadi rujukan guru untuk menjelaskan kualitas hadis pada siswanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode takhrij melalui kata pertama atau lafadz pembuka pada matn hadis menggunakan kitab Al-Jami’ al-Saghir fi Ahadith al-Bashir al-Nadhir karya Imam al-Suyuti. Selain itu, dalam proses pengumpulan data, penelitian ini memanfaatkan 2 (dua) software, yaitu: موسوعة الحديث الشريف  versi 2,1 (Shirkat al-Sahr li al-Baramij al-Hāsib, 1991-1996) dan CD  المكتبة الألفية للسنة النبوية versi 1.5 (Markaz al-Turāth li Abhāth al-Hāsib, 1999). Telah ditemukan sebanyak 179 sumber hadis dari 30 hadis dari penelitian buku di atas. Sebanyak 176 sumber dari kitab-kitab hadis sumber pokok, yaitu 9 kitab hadis dan 3 selain kitab-kitab hadis sumber pokok. Dari 30 hadis buku di atas, terdapat hadis yang berkualitas Sahīh li Dhātih sebanyak 19 (63,33%), Sahīh li Ghayrih sebanyak 2 (6,67%), Hasan li Dhātih sebanyak 6 (20%), dan Da’īf dan mawdu' sebanyak 3 (10%).Kata kunci: Takhrīj al-Hadith, PAI dan Budi Pekerti SMA/SMKAbstractTakhrīj al-Hadith in the book "Islamic Religious Education (PAI) and Character" Class XI has not been found. This study focuses on tracing the sources of the hadiths from the book and their quality, so that the results of this study will become a reference for teachers to explain the quality of hadiths to their students. This study uses the takhrīj method through the first word or opening lafadz in the hadith matn using the book Al-Jami 'al-Saghir fi Ahadith al-Bashir al-Nadhir by Imam. al-Suyuti. In addition, in the data collection process, this study utilizes 2 (two) software, namely: موسوعة الحديث الشريف version 2.1 (Shirkat al-Sahr li al-Barīmij al-Hāsib, 1991-1996) and CD المكتبة الألفية للسنة النبوية version 1.5 (Markaz) al-Turāth li Abhāth al-Hāsib, 1999). It has been found that 179 sources of hadith from the 30 traditions from the above book research have been found. A total of 176 sources were from the main source hadith books, namely 9 hadith books and 3 other than the main source hadith books. Of the 30 hadith books above, there are 19 (63.33%) Sahīh li Dhātih qualities, 2 (6.67%) Sahīh li Ghayrih (6.67%), Hasan li Dhātih 6 (20%), and Da'īf and mawdu' as much as 3 (10%)Keywords: Takhrīj al-Hadith, PAI dan Budi Pekerti SMA/SMK
PRAKTIK SHOLAT DHUHA DAN SHOLAT TAHAJJUD BERJAMA’AH DI PONDOK PESANTREN HAMALATUL QUR’AN JOGOROTO JOMBANG (SEBUAH KAJIAN LIVING HADITS)
Authors: Rudik Ahmad , Rois Mohammad Abdul
Published: April 2022

Praktik Salat Duha dan Salat Tahajud Berjamaah di Pondok Pesantren Hamalatul Qur’an Jogoroto Jombang, berfungsi untuk membantu hafalan dan muraja’ah santri. Kegiatan ini merupakan salah satu cara melestarikan kebiasaan K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari dan ulama salaf. Penenlitian ini menjelaskan tentang pelaksanaan kegiatan, struktur genealogi pemikiran, dan tinjauan hadisnya. Untuk mendapatkan data, peneliti melakukan observasi dan wawancara, serta mencari hadisnya di kutubus sittah dan keterangan para ulama’ di kitab fiqh. Peneliti mendapati pelaksanaan salat duha pada pukul 06.00 – 06.30 WIB dengan maqra’ setengah juz dan tahajud berjamaah dilaksanakan pukul 02.30 WIB (persiapan) – 03.45 WIB. Kegiatan tersebut dipimpin langsung oleh pengasuh dengan bi al-hifz}i dan disimak oleh para santri yang lain dengan mushaf yang dibawa ketika salat (bi an-naz}ar). Tradisi ini merupakan gagasan pengasuh yang terinspirasi dari pengalaman  pribadi Pengasuh Pondok Pesantren Hamalatul Qur’an sebagai alumni Pondok Pesantren Madrasatul Qur’anHHhhhhhhhhh. Walaupun tidak ada hadis yang menganjurkan atau melarang tahajud berjamaah sambil membawa mushaf untuk menyimak bacaan imam, tapi berjamaah dan memperhatikan bacaan imam adalah hal yang baik dan memiliki fadhilah/keutamaan. ABSTRACTThe congregational of Duha Prayers and Tahajud Prayers at the Hamalatul Qur'an Jogoroto Jombang Islamic Boarding School, serves to help the students memorize and muraja'ah. This activity is to preserve the habit of K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari and salaf scholars. This research describes the activities, the genealogy of thought, and a review of the hadiths. To get the data, the researcher made observations and interviews, and looked for the hadith in the kutubu sittah and the explanation of the scholars in the book of fiqh. Research found that duha prayer is held at 06.00 - 06.30 WIB and tahajud is held at 02.30 WIB (preparation) - 03.45 WIB with maqra 'half juz. The Head of pesantren read it from his memory and listened to by students with a mushaf on their hands. This tradition is an idea of The Head of pesantren which is inspired by the his experience as an alumni of the Madrasatul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School of Tebuireng. Although there is no hadith that recommends or prohibits tahajud in congregation while carrying a Mushaf to listen to the Imam's reading, congregation and paying attention to the reading of the Imam is a good thing and has fadila / virtue.
Museum Batik Danar Hadi Solo
Authors: Lutfianti Ersalora
Published: April 2022

Batik bagi masyarakat Indonesia telah menjadi bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari. Tidak hanya dikenakan dalam acara sakral, kini batik biasa digunakan untuk bekerja ataupun untuk menghadiri acara resmi lainnya. Pada tahun 2009, batik Indonesia telah diakui secara internasional sebagai warisan budaya tak benda yang ditetapkan oleh UNESCO.

Museum Batik Danar Hadi mengisahkan tentang perkembangan sejarah batik di Indonesia yang terdisplay dalam helaian kain batik. Museum Batik Danar Hadi memiliki koleksi 1.000 helai kain batik yang terdiri dari batik kuno dan batik kontemporer.
BELAJAR MENGELOLA MUSEUM DARI MuseuM THE LOUVRE, PARIS
Authors: Lohjiwa, M.P.Par Vyana , Susanto Eka
Published: April 2022

Bagaimana masa depan museum? Akankah sejarah berubah? Pertanyaan ini masih menjadi tanda tanya besar bagi kami. Dari beberapa artikel, teori, serta pengalaman berkunjung ke museum baik dalam negeri maupun luar negeri, kami menemu- kan adanya “gap” antara perencanaan dan aktualisasi pengelolaan museum di Indonesia. Tulisan ini berangkat dari opini kami tentang perkembangan museum di The Louvre Museum Paris
Dampening
Authors: Hudson Neil James ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: April 2022

When horrible war crimes have been committed by both sides, is a lasting peace more important than seeking justice against those who committed the crimes? In this work of war ethics short story fiction, two Inspectors, Seronian and a Bassweldan are put together to work on a criminal case. The case is of a Seronian and a Bassweldan who brutally murdered each other in a fit of rage. It seems they were both not using the “glanding” chemicals the entire population is required to use, to prevent old hatred from stirring up. The two inspectors’ investigation leads them to interview a “naturalist” group who believes the day will come when people will no longer have to inhibit their emotions by “glanding.” The story ends by the narrator finding out he had been set up to kill his fellow inspector in the name of vigilante justice for former war crimes. In fact, the narrator has more reasons to kill her than most as it was his family, that she had personally ordered murdered in the war.
Hollywood Baby
Authors: McGinnis Holly ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: April 2022

What is the essence of parenting? Can a company, or the state, ever fulfill this essence and be a good parent to children? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Araminta Fox and her twin sister, Anastasia Fox, were conceived and brought into the world by Fox Television. They are the property of Fox and, while they have surrogates, they are not the legal parents of the children, the Fox entity is. The children are raised by a casting director, Beth, who receives direction and funding from the Fox board of directors. Araminta and Anastasia continue to work and grow in television and movies. Araminta enjoys the work, her sister does not. They are both emancipated at eighteen years old. Araminta continues to work in theatre while her sister goes to school, meets a boy, and gets married. Eventually, Fox reaches out to Araminta for a new TV show and asks her to be the “mother” to a new group of twins they are ready to birth and raise within the Hollywood system. Araminta is thrilled to do until she reads a clause in the contract stating that the caretaker for the twins will be rotated every five years; these twins will not have a “Beth” of their own.
What our Explanatory Expectations of Cognitive Heuristics Should Be
Authors: Herman Mark H. ,   Southwestern Philosophical Society
Published: April 2022

Cognitive heuristics, as proffered by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, are reasoning shortcuts that are useful but flawed. For example, the availability heuristic “infers” an event’s probability, not by performing laborious, ideally rational calculations, but by simply assessing the ease with which similar events can be recalled. Cognitive psychologists presume that cognitive heuristics should be identified with a distinct cognitive mechanism. I argue that this is a mistake ultimately stemming from descriptive rational choice theory’s entangling of descriptive and normative theorizing. Such mechanism-identification is a desideratum for kinds used in answering, “How—in a causal-mechanical sense—do we reason?” However, cognitive heuristics befit a different question, namely, “How—in a contrastive sense—do we reason vis-à-vis ideal rationality?” Clarifying cognitive heuristics’ nature and appropriate explanatory expectations can enhance understanding, provide lessons applicable elsewhere, and illuminate an important episode in the history of cognitive psychological science.
Against Indifference Objections to the Fine-Tuning Argument
Authors: Metcalf Thomas N. ,   Southwestern Philosophical Society
Published: April 2022

Critics of the Fine-Tuning Argument for Theism have recently argued that even if the universe is fine-tuned for life, certain features of the universe are still surprising given theism, because God should be indifferent between those features and their contraries. In the first section of this paper, I summarize this sort of Indifference Objection to the Fine-Tuning Argument. In the second section, I explain why contrary to initial appearances, these objections fail. In the third section, I present the Argument from Compatibility, which attempts to turn the tables by arguing that the paradigmatic features are more surprising given atheism than they are given theism.
More Clarity about Concessive Knowledge Attributions
Authors: Simpson James ,   Southwestern Philosophical Society
Published: April 2022

Fallibilism is typically taken to face a problem from the apparent infelicity of concessive knowledge attributions (hereafter, CKAs). CKAs are of the form: “S knows that p, but it’s possible that q,” where q obviously entails not-p. CKAs sound to the ears of many philosophers as contradictory or infelicitous. But CKAs look to be overt statements of fallibilism, since if S fallibly knows that p, then she can’t properly rule out some possibility in which not-p. Do fallibilists, then, have some way of explaining the seeming infelicity of CKAs that doesn’t impugn the truth of fallibilism? Fallibilists think so. In this connection, there are two well-known responses to the problem: Patrick Rysiew’s pragmatic strategy and Jason Stanley’s semantic strategy. While both strategies have real virtues, there are aspects of each strategy that face certain complications. In this paper, I’ll outline those complications and I’ll develop some remedies to them. The aim of this paper will be to show that the challenge posed by CKAs isn’t a grave problem at all. In particular, I’ll argue that if the semantic strategy fails because CKAs really are overt statements of fallibilism, then there’s good reason to think that the pragmatic strategy succeeds, but if the pragmatic strategy fails because CKAs are obviously false or aren’t overt statements of fallibilism, then the semantic strategy succeeds. Thus, I’ll conclude that the problem for fallibilism posed by CKAs isn’t a grave problem at all.
Infrastructure, Modulation, Portal
Authors: Hull Gordon ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2022

Following Foucault’s remarks on the importance of architecture to disciplinary power, this paper offers a typology of power relations expressed in different models of Internet governance. Infrastructure governance understands the Internet as a common pool or public resource, on the model of traditional infrastructures like roads and bridges. Modulation governance, which I study by way of Net Neutrality debates in the U.S., understands Internet governance as traffic shaping. Portal governance, which I study by way of data collection policies of dominant platform companies, understands the Internet as creating a user experience that facilitates data mining. The latter two are forms of architectural disciplinary power that undermine the first. I then argue that the rise of portal and modulation governance primarily serves to remake parts of civil society by fostering market norms of consumption and entrepreneurialism. In that sense, efforts to shape Internet architecture need to be understood as techniques of subjectification.
Structural and Morphological Evaluations of Natural Hydroxyapatite from Calcined Animal Bones for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ojo Olusola Emmanuel , Sekunowo Olatunde Israel , Ilomuanya Margaret Okonawan , Gbenebor Oluwashina Philips , Adeosun Samson Oluropo
Published: April 2022

Several biomedical materials have been employed as drug delivery systems, but natural Hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been proven to be exceptionally better than other materials owing to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility properties. In this study, nat­ural HAP was obtained from bovine and caprine bones and comparatively analysed for biomedical applications. The bones were hydrothermally treated, calcined in the temperature range of 700–1100°C, held for 2 hours in an electric furnace to remove the organic contents; milled, sifted with 150 μm mesh sieve and then characterized. It was revealed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) that the bovine and caprine bone samples calcined at 1000°C had calcium/phosphorus ratio (Ca/P) of 1.66 closest to the standard of 1.67. The bovine HAP showed the best crystallinity (86.23%) at 1000°C while caprine HAP had its highest (87.25%) at 1100°C. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed that the calcination temperature must be greater than 700°C to isolate high quality HAP. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the samples calcined at 800°C had the largest average particle size (85.34 μm) while porosity increases with calcination temperature in both samples. The HAP obtained at a calcination temperature of 1000°C proved to have the best quality for biomedical applications.
Strength, Water Absorption, Thermal and Antimicrobial Properties of a Biopolymer Composite Wound Dressing
Authors: Odili Chiosa , Sekunowo Israel Olatunde , Ilomuanya Margaret Okonawan , Gbenebor Oluwashina Philips , Adeosun Samson Oluropo
Published: April 2022

Conventional wound material allows bacterial invasions, trauma and discomfort associated with the changing of the dressing material, and the accumulation of body fluid for wounds with high exudate. However, there is a shift from conventional wound dressing materials to polymeric nanofibers due to their high surface area to volume ratio, high porosity, good pore size distribution, which allows for cell adhesion and proliferation. There is an urgent need to synthesis a biodegradable composite that is resistant to bacterial infection. In this study, an electrospun polylactide (PLA) composite suitable for wound dressing, with enhanced antimicrobial and mechanical properties, was produced. The neat PLA, PLA/CH (10 wt.%), PLA/CH (5 wt.%), PLA/CHS (10 wt.%), PLA/CHS (5 wt.%), PLA/CH (2.5 wt.%) /CHS (2.5 wt.%) and PLA/CH (5 wt.%)/CHS (5 wt.%), were electrospun using 0.14 g/ml solution. Results show that crystallinity (67.6%) of neat PLA declined by 3.8% on the addition of 2.5 wt.% chitin/chitosan with improved hydrophilicity of the composite. The tensile strength of neat PLA (0.3 MPa) increased (0.6 MPa) with 2.5 wt.% chitin/chitosan addition. The slight increase in the glass transition temperature from 75°C for neat PLA to 78°C of the composite fibre, showed improved ductility. The fibres showed little beads, hence suitable for wound dressing. The electrospun mats have good water absorption capacity and strong resistance against Staphylococcus aureus. Good performance was attained at 5 wt.% of chitin, chitosan and hybrid reinforcements. Therefore, a PLA/chitin/chitosan composite is recommended as a wound dressing material.
An Analysis of the Features of Cast Composite Materials Based on Light Alloys Reinforced by Particles
Authors: Dan Olena
Published: April 2022

Light alloys are widely used in industry and everyday life due to their high physical and mechanical properties, wear and corrosion resistance, as well as low cost. In this regard, the use of light alloys as a basis for composite materials is both justified and expedient. The potential of these materials has not been fully used to this day, despite the growing interest in metal matrix composites and extensive investigations aimed at the development of production technology and the introduction of advanced systems based on light matrices. The article presents a short review of the analysis of the main components of the technology of cast composite materials based on light alloys of aluminum and magnesium reinforced by particles. Particular attention is paid to the choice of the matrix alloy, the type, size and amount of reinforcing particles introduced into it, as well as the thermal-time and kinetic parameters of the process.
Predicting crown width using nonlinear mixed-effects models accounting for competition in multi-species secondary forests
Authors: Hou Rui , Chai Zongzheng
Published: April 2022

Crown width (CW) is an important tree variable and is often used as a covariate predictor in forest growth models. The precise measurement and prediction of CW is therefore critical for forest management. In this study, we introduced tree species as a random effect to develop nonlinear mixed-effects CW models for individual trees in multi-species secondary forests, accounting for the effects of competition. We identified a simple power function for the basic CW model. In addition to diameter at breast height (DBH), other significant predictor variables including height to crown base (HCB), tree height (TH), and competition indices (CI) were selected for the mixed-effects CW model. The sum of relative DBH (SRD) was identified the optimal distance-independent CI and as a covariate predictor for spatially non-explicit CW models, whereas the sum of the Hegyi index for fixed number competitors (SHGN) was the optimal distance-dependent CI for spatially explicit CW models, with significant linear correlation (R2 = 0.943, P < 0.001). Both spatially non-explicit and spatially explicit mixed-effects CW models were developed for studied secondary forests. We found that these models can describe more than 50% of the variation in CW without significant residual trends. Spatially explicit models exhibited a significantly larger effect on CW than spatially non-explicit ones; however, spatially explicit models are computationally complex and difficult and can be replaced by corresponding spatially non-explicit models due to the small differences in the fit statistics. The models we present may be useful for forestry inventory practices and have the potential to aid the evaluation and management of secondary forests in the region.
Alterations in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta peptides presentation by HLA molecules
Authors: Nersisyan Stepan , Zhiyanov Anton , Zakharova Maria , Ishina Irina , Kurbatskaia Inna , Mamedov Azad , Galatenko Alexei , Shkurnikov Maxim , Gabibov Alexander , Tonevitsky Alexander
Published: April 2022

The T-cell immune response is a major determinant of effective SARS-CoV-2 clearance. Here, using the recently developed T-CoV bioinformatics pipeline (https://t-cov.hse.ru) we analyzed the peculiarities of the viral peptide presentation for the Omicron, Delta and Wuhan variants of SARS-CoV-2. First, we showed the absence of significant differences in the presentation of SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides by the most frequent HLA class I/II alleles and the corresponding HLA haplotypes. Then, the analysis was limited to the set of peptides originating from the Spike proteins of the considered SARS-CoV-2 variants. The major finding was the destructive effect of the Omicron mutations on PINLVRDLPQGFSAL peptide, which was the only tight binder from the Spike protein for HLA-DRB1*03:01 allele and some associated haplotypes. Specifically, we predicted a dramatical decline in binding affinity of HLA-DRB1*03:01 and this peptide both because of the Omicron BA.1 mutations (N211 deletion, L212I substitution and EPE 212-214 insertion) and the Omicron BA.2 mutations (V213G substitution). The computational prediction was experimentally validated by ELISA with the use of corresponding thioredoxin-fused peptides and recombinant HLA-DR molecules. Another finding was the significant reduction in the number of tightly binding Spike peptides for HLA-B*07:02 HLA class I allele (both for Omicron and Delta variants). Overall, the majority of HLA alleles and haplotypes was not significantly affected by the mutations, suggesting the maintenance of effective T-cell immunity against the Omicron and Delta variants. Finally, we introduced the Omicron variant to T-CoV portal and added the functionality of haplotype-level analysis to it.
LAS INEQUIDADES DE LA MOVILIDAD URBANA
Authors: Tiznado-Aitken Ignacio , Muñoz Juan Carlos , Iglesias Vicente , Giraldez Francisca
Published: April 2022

Este documento aborda la distribución del uso del sistema de transporte, los recursos consumidos y los costos generados en relación a cinco grupos socioeconómicos (quintiles de ingreso por hogar) en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago.
Invertebrates Records from the Hadhramout Coast, Gulf of Aden, Yemen
Authors: Muhaysin Ali Attaala , Nikolaevich Barmin Alexander , Shima Bakhshalizadeh , Murasovna Nasibulina Botagoz , Fedorovna Kurochkina Tatyana
Published: April 2022

During our research in the Hadhramout coast, the Gulf of Aden, six invertebrate’s species were recorded for first time in this region. Review of previous publications shows that these species from different families were not previously reported in the Gulf. The species identified include two gastropods: Murex scolopax (Muricidae) and Tibia insulaechorab (Rostellariidae), one bivalve: Pinna bicolor (Pinnidae), three crustaceans: Anchistus custos (Palaemonidae), Gonodactylus smithii (Gonodactylidae), and Calappa dumortieri (Calappidae). This paper describes the detailed characteristics of each species.
Impact Assessment of Small-Scale Irrigation Investment on Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of the Municipality of Dabaga in Niger
Authors: Sara Abdoul-Aziz Ali , Dellal Ilkay
Published: April 2022

Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world, where more than 80% of the population live in rural areas and depend on agriculture. Agricultural production in Niger depends on rainfall which is irregularly distributed in place and time; thus, causing food deficit or food insecurity. To deal with these constraints and find a remedy to the precariousness of food insecurity, the focus is on irrigated agriculture where the purpose of the study is entitled "contribution of small-scale irrigation to reduce poverty". The main objective of this study was to analyse the economic and social impact of small-scale irrigation investment in the reduction of poverty. The municipality of Dabaga in Niger was selected as a case study. The specific objectives were to characterize the cropping systems practised by the farmers; calculate the gross margin of agricultural production (for the main crops grown); draw up the cereal balance sheet and the farm producers' operating account. Thus, surveys were conducted in the study area where 174 farmers were randomly selected. After that, the farmers were classified into two categories according to the main cultivated culture. Descriptive statistics and econometric correlation tests (Pearson method) were used for data analysis. It emerges from this study that this irrigated agriculture, which is of semi-intensive type, is dominated by the practice of polyculture. It involves the entire surveyed population, which had a negative cereal balance sheet but provides, for 82.18% of the farmers, a satisfactory net monetary income, above the country's monetary poverty line.
Tithonia diversifolia Powder and Compost Ameliorate Plant Growth Parameters, Essential Oils, Phenols and Flavonoids Content and Anticandida Activity of Ocimum gratissimum L.
Authors: Blaise Dongmo Lekagne Joseph , Ngum Che Ruth , Edouard Nantia Akono , Menkem Elisabeth Zeuko’o , Pascal Manfo Tsague Faustin , Desiré Mbouobda Herman , Stephane Kamgang Kiage , Julienne Nguefack
Published: April 2022

Aims: Ocimum gratissimum is an aromatic and medicinal plant, well known for its medicinal values such as antifungal properties. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of T. diversifolia powder and compost use as biofertilizer on the growth parameters, essential oil (EO), total phenolic and flavonoid content and anticandida activity of O. gratissimum.

Study Design: O. gratissimum plants were cultivated for 8 months in an experimental farm designed as a split plot into 4 blocks. Each block was amended (main factor) either with T. diversifolia compost (150 g/plant), powder (40 g/plant) or the synthetic fertilizer NPK (10 g/plant), respectively, followed by sprayed (second factor) with same fertilizer at 20 g/L, 20 g/L and 2 g/L or water every two weeks after transplantation. The control block received no amendment and was sprayed with water or the previous fertilizer.

Place and Duration of Study: This work was carried out within August 2019 to October 2020 in Yaoundé-Cameroon.

Methodology: Plant growth parameters (fresh and dry leaves weight, florescent weight and plant height) were evaluated at four and eight months after transplantation. The harvested fresh leaves were hydrodistillated for EO and the hot aqueous extract. Both extracts were used for the evaluation of the anticandida activity while the latter was submitted to total flavonoids and phenolic analyses.

Results: At 4 and 8 months after transplantation, the synthetic fertilizer and T. diversifolia compost significantly increased plant growth parameters as compared to other treatments. The plants treated with T. diversifolia biofertilizer compost showed the highest total phenolic (53.16 µg GAE/µL), flavonoid (36.32 µg// GAE/µL) content, and EO yield (0.666%). The EO from O. gratissimum treated with T. diversifolia compost showed the best inhibitory activity on C. albicans NR-29451.

Conclusion: This study showed that T. diversifolia compost was a promising organic fertilizer in optimizing the growth, secondary metabolites and anticandida activity of O. gratissimum.
Effects of Potassium on Yield of Summer Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Bhabai B. , Mukhopadhyay D. , Mitra B.
Published: April 2022

The effects of potassium on growth and yield parameters of summer rice was assessed through an experiment at the agricultural farm of Uttar BangaKrishiViswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Coochbehar during the year 2018 and 2019. The important agronomic parameters were significantly influenced with potassium fertilization. Increasing doses of potassium enhanced economic produce of rice to the tune of 6.34 t ha-1 with 150% potassium fertilization (T5) which was statistically at par with T4, viz., 125% of the Recommended Dose (RD) of K and T8 (Nutrient Expert based potassium recommendation) treatment. The Straw yield (11.77 t ha-1) was also enhanced with increasing K levels @150% of the RD of potassium fertilization under same levels of nitrogen and phosphorus. It was concluded that, the current dose of potassium for rice has to be enhanced for desired yield and to keep balance of K+ in soil.
Optimization of Operational Parameters for Axial Flow Paddy Thresher Using RSM
Authors: Parihar Dilwar Singh , Shrivastava Atul Kumar , Singh Avesh Kumar , Singh Neeraj Kumar , Mahadik Akshay Sanjay , Awasthi Vishnu Ji
Published: April 2022

Post-harvest practices remains significant qualitative and quantitative throughout the paddy value chain despite rising agricultural productivity. When it comes to rice, most losses occur during the harvesting and threshing operations. In optimizing operating variables, the use of response surface methodology (RSM) and complete randomized design (CRD) is effective. This research discusses the application of these approaches to determine the impact of various operational factors on the performance of an axial flow paddy threshers. Three major operating variables, feeding rate, cylinder speed, moisture content, were changed during the paddy threshing. The machine was evaluated using feed rates in the range of 1700 to 1900 kg/h, threshing cylinder speed from 400 to 650 rpm, and crop moisture content 12 to 16% for the crop. Algebraic models were created in Design-Expert software using computer simulation by the least-squares method to optimize the variables. Models for fuel consumption and torque requirement for threshing were developed and represented the three operational parameters. The study found that all three parameters significantly affected fuel consumption and torque requirement at the linear and quadratic levels. Furthermore, the optimum the torque requirement and fuel consumption was 1152.78 Nm and 2.51 l/h, respectively at 12% moisture content of paddy, Which was recorded at feed rate (1703.92 kg/h), cylinder speed (400 rpm). However, no significant change was observed at the level of the interactions.
A Hypothetical Theoretical Model for Accelerating Adaptation and Cooperation with Help of Repeated External Environment Condition
Authors: Vala Harpal
Published: April 2022

By performing any process in a specific situation, the living organism starts updating itself based on that situation. A hypothetical theory is presented by using game theory in this hypothetical theoretical research paper. According to which two different species (hypothetical consider species A+ and species B-) are passed through the system of different five compartments.

Species A + and species B- passing through the five compartment model system can only do so in one compartment (compartment E) in the presence of a particular external environment factor.

If compartment E contains a limited amount of essential carbon source like sucrose for the bacteriological system, it is likely that species A+ and species B- will initially compete, but frequent contact with each other in sequence will turn corporations into compartment E for limited self-uptake of sucrose by species A+. . Competition will be reduced so that it is also available for species B. This adaptive behaviour of the Bacterial system can be confirmed through capillary feeder assay (CAFÉ Assay) by transferring Adapted bacteria to drosophila
Antioxidant and Nephroprotective Effects of Honey in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Alaebo Prince O. , Umeh Virginus A. , Njoku George C. , Ezennaya Izuchukwu E. , Anyadike Norah N. , James Udeme A. , Ezeh Chiamaka J. , Paschal Ugwu,
Published: April 2022

Background and Purpose: Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the instigation of complications associated with diabetes. The present study evaluated honey's antioxidant and nephroprotective effects against oxidative stress in alloxan-induced Wistar rats.

Methods: Thirty-six (36) Wistar male rats (210-250 g) were assigned to six (6) study groups with six (6) animals each (n=5). Group 1 was designated as positive control and received distilled water, group 2 was designated as negative control and received 120 mg/kg b.w of alloxan, group 3 was designated as diabetes-induced and received 5 mg/kg b.w glibenclamide, groups 4, 5 and 6 were designated as diabetes-induced and treated groups which they received (0.2 mls, 0.5mls and 0.8mls of honey) respectively. Treatment lasted for three weeks (21 days), after which rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation under light ether anaesthesia. Blood was collected for biochemical evaluation using standard techniques (Randox kits).

Results: The results reveal that the actions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased (p<0.05) in honey treated diabetic rats. The activities of urea and creatinine in all the groups treated revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease when compared with the negative control group, while the activity of creatinine was within the normal range.

Conclusions: The results obtained from all these assays justify the therapeutic efficacy of honey to ameliorate oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats and has nephroprotective potential.
Effect of IBA and NAA on Rooting of Stem Cutting in Dragon Fruit [Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) Britton & Rose]
Authors: Pandey Lavkush , Verma Ravi Shankar , Shukla Kuldeep Kumar , Shukla Jitendra Kumar , Pathak Sanjay
Published: April 2022

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) Britton & Rose) is promisingly a new and exotic crop, India has great potential for its cultivation in semiarid tracts. It can be propagated either sexually or asexually by stem cuttings. The sexually propagated seedlings will take 3 or more years for bearing than that of propagated through stem cuttings. The rootings in cuttings of some species occurs without exogenous auxins treatment, but majority do not root easily. An investigation was carried out to study the effect of IBA, NAA and their combinations on rootings in stem cuttings of Dragon fruit at the Department of Horticulture, BBAU, Lucknow during the year 2019-20, in order to standardize the type and concentration of growth regulators for rooting and success rate in stem cuttings. The experiment was laid out by following randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The stem cuttings of Dragon fruit treated with IBA, NAA and their combinations result reveals that, length of longest root (21.33 cm), average number of roots per cutting (41.76), diameter of the root cutting (1.38 mm), fresh weight of root cutting (2.22 g) and dry weight of root cutting (0.59 g) was recorded maximum in cutting treated with IBA 4000 ppm. This was probably because of simulative actions of exogenous auxin (IBA) in the formation of new root tips in stem cuttings.
Therapeutic Benefits of Naturopathy Douches in Hydrotherapy
Authors: Vijayaraghavan N. , Dhilip V. R.
Published: April 2022

Naturopathy is an “alternative medicine” which doesn’t belong to any medicine. Nature itself comprises five major elements which are space, air, fire, water, and earth. Hydrotherapy or water therapy is one of the universal solvents having an immense impact on the human body and most ancient of all remedial agents for acute, sub-acute, and chronic disease conditions. Water treatments has the ability to reduce all disease condition such as traditional douches treatments are very simple, cost-effective, and efficient treatment with water temperature, and vapor used in various diseases. A douche consists of a single or multiple columns of water directed towards some portion of the body especially in reflex areas to produce sedative effects. These types of treatment therapeutic actions are based upon three factors i.e., temperature, pressure, and mass. A douche has various types, effects, and therapeutic benefits which are highly useful in the treatment of various diseased conditions. This paper highlights and overviews the therapeutic uses of douches as therapy and their important role in modern ailments.
Mean Serum Level of C-reactive protein in Moderate and Severe Acne Patients
Authors: Armughan Muhammad , Bano Shazia , Ahmed Hafiz Bashir , Lal Deepa Mohan , Bukhsh Gurgez Karim , Ansari Muhammad Asif
Published: April 2022

Objective: To determine the mean serum level of C-reactive protein in moderate and severe acne patients visiting to a tertiary care hospital.

Setting and Duration Study: This study was conducted at Department of Dermatology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan, from November 3, 2020 to May 2, 2021.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of dermatology,  Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, from November 3, 2020 to May 2, 2021. An inform consent was also taken prior to the enrolment of patients in the study. The selected participants were referred to the laboratory for hypersensitive-CRP (Hs-CRP) measurement. All the patients of any gender, aged between 16 to 40 years associated with moderate and severe acne duration of more than 3 months were included in this study. Effect modifiers were controlled through stratification of age, gender, duration of acne, and severity of acne (moderate / severe) and these stratified groups were compared by applying independent sample t-test by using P ≤ 0.05 as significant.

Results: Mean ± SD of age was 22.7±5.3 years. Mean ± SD of C-reactive protein was 4.15±1.2 (μg/ml). In distribution of gender, out of 56 patients, 30 (53.6%) were male while 26 (46.4%) were female. Out of 56 patients 21 (37.5%) had moderate acne vulgaris while 35 (62.5%) had severe Acne vulgaris.

Conclusion: It is to be concluded that mean serum level of C-reactive protein in severe acne patients was high as compared to moderate acne patients. Epidemiological and research data should be expanded by further studies to validate the current findings.
An Overview on Nano Niosomes: As an Optimistic Drug Delivery System in Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Jawale Jyoti K. , Kashikar Vushali S.
Published: April 2022

Targeted drug-delivery systems are used for the administration of pharmaceutical medicament enables the localization of drugs to diseased sites. Different types of drug-delivery systems uses carriers, like immunoglobulins, serum proteins, synthetic polymers, liposomes, nanoparticle and microspheres.  Niosomes are an emerging type of novel vesicular systems. Now they are being fervent explored as potential carriers for targeted drug delivery. In addition to conventional, oral, and parenteral routes, they are liable to be delivered by ocular, transdermal, vaginal, and inhalation routes. Nano-niosomes are non-ionic surfactants based vesicles that are biodegradable, relatively nontoxic, more stable and inexpensive than liposomes. Other component, such as cholesterol, can be used to give the rigidity to the niosomes structure.  The unique vesicular structure of niosomes, with their bilayer lamellae assembled by nonionic surfactants, is able to increase the bioavailability of a drug to a predetermined area for a period. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating hydrophobic or hydrophilic drugs. These nonionic vesicular carriers not only transport the pharmacological agents to target site or disease site, avoiding normal tissues and reducing toxicity in the rest of the body, but also protect drugs from degradation, increase the half-life, payload and solubility of drug and reduce renal clearance. This present review describe overview of niosomes formulation aspects, structure, types of niosomes, advantages, and disadvantages, method of preparation as well as some general observations on niosomes.
Experimental Study of Fire Damage Characteristics in a Petrochemical Plant Facility
Authors: Cho Gyuhwan , Ahn Jaekwon
Published: April 2022

As a part of the initial investigation of fire damage diagnosis, fire protection-applied specimens within petrochemical plant facilities were exposed to standard and hydrocarbon fire conditions; then, the heating temperature of the specimens was monitored, and their appearance was checked by visual observation. Although data on the appearance status for discoloration, thickness variations, etc. of fire protection were collated for each set of fire exposure conditions, it was difficult to estimate the heating temperature of the specimens. Therefore, the visual observation method for determining the degree of fire damage needs to be approached somewhat conservatively. Moreover, according to the results of the heating temperature measurements for each specimen, it was confirmed that the paint has a disadvantage in maintaining its fire resistance performance when exposed to a hydrocarbon fire.
Study on Environmental Regulation of Aqueous Film Forming Foam and Use of C4-Based Eco-Friendly Aqueous Film Forming Foam
Authors: Kwon Youngkyu , Sa Jeachun , Kim Jaeyoung , Min Sehong
Published: April 2022

The C8-based aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) was developed by 3M in 1960, initially for military purposes, and was then used in all U.S. Navy vessels until the late 1960s. The U.S. Department of Defense used the AFFF for fuel fire suppression in all military facilities in the 1970s. The AFFF was classified as a special fire extinguishing chemical used for an airplane hangar or an aircraft carrier. Despite its strong fire extinguishing capacity, the AFFF is not commonly used by civilians, mainly due to the cost factor and environmental issues. In particular, the main organic chemical component of the AFFF is resistant to degradation; it tends to persist in the ecological system and in the human body, consequently having grievous effects. The paper describes the causes and measures of the AFFF use regulations by the Stockholm Convention concerning persistent organic chemicals. The manuscript also introduces the C4-based eco-friendly AFFF, a fire extinguishing chemical developed in China, as a part of the measure and addresses the meaning of “C4-Based.” Moreover, the study verifies that the representative regulation targets for perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are not detected in the C4-based eco-friendly AFFF fire extinguishing chemical, as revealed by a test on “the method for analyzing PFOS/PFOA” in the chemical product based on the National Standard Test KS M 9722:2017. Accordingly, various fire extinguishers using the C4-based eco-friendly AFFF with strong and extensive fire extinguishing capacity are proposed, and the other use methods.
Risk Aversion-based Approach for Using Long-term Forecast of the Korea Meteorological Administration
Authors: Na Wooyoung , Yoo Chulsang
Published: April 2022

The Korea Meteorological Administration provides long-term forecasts to predict the grades of monthly precipitation for lead times of 1, 2, and 3 months. However, the performance of long-term forecasts is low. The present study proposes a method for use of long-term forecasts for water resource management. This method is based on the concept of risk aversion and compares “Capable of flood or not?” and “Capable of drought or not?”, while the conventional approach compares “Capable of flood or normal?” and “Capable of drought or normal?”. The proposed method was applied to the Chungju dam basin to assess its forecasting performance. Evaluation indices such as hit rate and relative operating curve were used. Based on the risk-aversion-based approach, the evaluation indices were estimated to be approximately 0.6-0.7, indicating that the forecasting performance is good. These results indicate that the risk-aversion-based approach can be advantageous in long-term forecasts for water resource management purposes, especially for preventing floods and droughts.
Drusus the Younger (Drusus Iulius Caesar)
Authors: Westphal Heiko
Published: April 2022

Drusus the Younger (14
bce
–23
ce
) was the son of Tiberius and his first wife, Vipsania Agrippina. Like his cousin Germanicus, Drusus enjoyed an accelerated political career. He celebrated military successes in Illyricum (for which he was awarded an
ovatio
) and died shortly after receiving the
tribunicia potestas
.
Hierarchical Assembly and Sensing Activity of Patterned Graphene‐Hamilton Receptor Nanostructures
Authors: Bao Lipiao , Zhao Baolin , Ali Muhammad , Assebban Mhamed , Yang Bowen , Kohring Malte , Ryndyk Dmitry , Heine Thomas , Weber Heiko B. , Halik Marcus , Hauke Frank , Hirsch Andreas
Published: April 2022

Structuring distinct building blocks on graphene can open enormous opportunities for constructing well‐ordered hierarchical 2D architectures and multifunctional devices useful in numerous practical applications. However, such highly integrated graphene nanostructures featuring functional building blocks remain elusive and the reported graphene 2D‐patterning examples are up to now limited to small addends without easily accessible anchor points. Herein, the first realization of patterning extensible building blocks on graphene is presented, in which Hamilton receptor units as characteristic motifs are efficiently patterned onto monolayer graphene by combining the mask‐assisted patterning technique and the reductive K/Na activation/functionalization of graphene. This further enables, for the first time, a hierarchical assembly of nanoparticles on graphene, by taking advantage of the hydrogen‐bond mediated binding between the Hamilton receptors structured on graphene and cyanurate moieties bound on TiO2 nanoparticles. The grafting of nanoparticles on graphene is fully reversible upon breakage of the supramolecular interaction within the Hamilton receptor/cyanurate pair by acetone. The structure and stability of Hamilton receptors on graphene and their interaction with cyanurate are confirmed by theoretical calculations. Moreover, the integration of this graphene nanostructure with Hamilton receptors into field‐effect transistors allows for an ultrasensitive and quantitative detection of cyanurate/barbiturate moiety down to the 1 × 10−6 m level.
A Facile Liquid Alloy Wetting Enhancing Strategy on Super‐Hydrophobic Lotus Leaves for Plant‐Hybrid System Implementation
Authors: Jiang Jiajun , Fei Wenjie , Pu Menghao , Chai Zhiping , Wu Zhigang
Published: April 2022

Plant‐hybrid systems have demonstrated exciting opportunities in plant health sensing, climate monitoring, and energy harvesting, endowing great prospects for connecting plants to man‐made digitalized world. Due to its intrinsic softness/stretchability, biocompatibility, and non‐invasion, liquid alloy has shown great advantages in plant‐hybrid system implementation. However, many widely seen plant organisms having micro‐nano surface structures and waxy layer, e.g., lotus leaves, showing super‐hydrophobic behavior, prevent the liquid alloy adhesion and further its implementation of plant‐hybrid systems. By introducing a low‐concentration soap solution as an intermediate layer onto super‐hydrophobic leaves, the authors thereby propose a facile liquid alloy wetting enhancing strategy and well print liquid alloy circuits on the leaves to form plant‐hybrid systems. Surfactants (in the soap) enhance the wetting ability of solution on the lotus leaf surface, and subsequently the attracted water on the leaf surface contributes to make liquid alloy adhered on super‐hydrophobic leaves. Furthermore, the authors demonstrate the liquid alloy plant‐hybrid implementation based on the lotus leaves for the perception of human body, and set a system as a home intrusion alarm. This work presents an excellent example of digitalized integration on super‐hydrophobic plant organisms, which provides a new tool technology for plant‐hybrid implementations and broadens the digitalized application range of plants.