bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observer-based independent joint control for a coupled rigid-flexible manipulator with actuator saturation based on distributed parameter model
Authors: Liu Shuyang , Yang Honglei , Liu Zhijie , Zhang Zhenguo , Li Yuanchun
Published: October 2022

This study is concerned with an observer-based independent joint control scheme for a coupled two-link rigid-flexible robotic manipulator considering the effects of actuator saturation and external disturbances. A distributed parameter model of the robotic manipulator system described by ordinary and partial differential equation (ODE-PDE) is derived by using Hamilton’s Principle. An anti-saturation controller is developed to cope with the input saturation problem by using hyperbolic tangent and hyperbolic secant function. Considering the external disturbance, a disturbance observer is designed to estimate the external disturbance. The observer-based independent joint controller can adjust the joint angle and suppress the vibration simultaneously without the need for end-mounted actuators. The extended LaSalle’s Invariance Principle is adopted to strictly prove the asymptotic stability of the robotic manipulator system. The simulation comparisons validate the effectivity of the proposed controllers and observers.
Wave-based in-plane vibration analysis of multiple coupled beam structures with arbitrary connection angle and elastic boundary restraints
Authors: Tao Pengxin , Liu Yang , Du Jingtao , Liu Zhigang
Published: October 2022

Beam structures are widely used in various engineering branches, and the investigation on their dynamic behavior is of fundamental significance for the efficient design and vibration control of complex beam structures. In this work, a unified wave-based model for the in-plane vibration analysis of multiple coupled beams with arbitrary connection angle and boundary conditions is established, in which the vibrations within structures are described as wave propagation along structural elements, accompanying with wave reflection and transmission at some particular positions (such as the boundaries or structural joints). The reflection and transmission matrices corresponding to the incident waves propagating to the angular joint from various directions and the wave reflection matrix at the elastic boundary are derived. The natural and forced in-plane vibrations of multiple coupled beams can be analyzed concisely and systematically by assembling these wave reflection and transmission matrices. The accuracy of this approach is validated by comparing the dynamic characteristics obtained by the current approach with finite element method. Then, the influences of boundary stiffnesses and joint angle on wave reflection and transmission matrices are investigated. The results show that it is possible to know which wave type is dominant in structure at a certain frequency or angle, which shows certain significance for future work of vibration control and power flow analysis. The unified analysis model established in this paper can not only analyze the vibration characteristics of complex coupled beams but also reveal how waves are reflected and transmitted in the structure.
Higher Education in the Time of Trump and Beyond: Resistance and Critique
Authors: Spooner Marc
Published: October 2022

The current Qualitative Inquiry partial special issue titled “Higher Education in the Time of Trump and Beyond: Resistance and Critique” is based on a similarly themed plenary panel that was to take place at the International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry in 2020. Alas, like so many other events, it was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Novel compound heterozygous variant of GJA8 gene in two siblings with congenital cataract mimics an autosomal recessive trait
Authors: Lin Yunting , Chen Xiaodan , Liang Cuili , Li Duan , Liu Li , Li Xiuzhen
Published: October 2022

Background

GJA8 gene is known to cause autosomal dominant congenital cataract. Here we report a novel compound heterozygous variant of GJA8 gene in two siblings that mimics an autosomal recessive trait.

Patients and methods

Two siblings from a non-consanguineous Chinese family suffered from isolated congenital cataract. Whole exome sequencing was performed to identify disease-causing variants followed by a confirmatory Sanger sequencing.

Results

Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel compound heterozygous variant of GJA8 gene, c.855delG(p.Met286Trpfs*71)/c.1125delC(p.Gly376Glufs*33), in the proband. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the proband and his sister harboured this compound heterozygous variant, while the parents were heterozygous carriers, suggesting an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Both parents showed mildly impaired vision, but only the father had mild nuclear opacities, suggesting an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance in one of the pathogenic alleles.

Conclusions

Our report shows compound heterozygous variant of GJA8 gene may mimic autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, and reminds clinicians to perform needful examination. The two novel pathogenic GJA8 variants expand the mutational spectrum of congenital cataract. This study also provides accurate genetic diagnosis for the family.
The Effectiveness of Insulin Pump Therapy Versus Multiple Daily Injections in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in a Specialized Center in Riyadh
Authors: Babiker Amir , Alammari Nawaf , Aljuraisi Abdulrahman , Alharbi Rakan , Alqarni Hamoud , Masuadi Emad , Alfaraidi Haifa
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

Comparison of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with multiple daily injections (MDI) in achieving glycemic control in youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Methods:

Retrospective cohort study including 2 matched groups of youths with T1DM treated by CSII or MDI in a tertiary specialized children’s hospital in Saudi Arabia. Children and adolescents aged up to 18 years, diagnosed with T1DM and using CSII or MDI, from the period 2016 to 2018. Patients on MDI were newly-diagnosed patients with T1DM who had the disease for only 1 year duration; all CSII patients had at least 1 to 2 years of T1DM but who had just started on pumps in the past 3 months. We excluded patients with other autoimmune diseases, non-ambulatory patients and those admitted to hospital for non-diabetes reasons. Primary outcome was HbA1c at 1, 2, and 3 years, with weight gain as a secondary outcome. Ambulatory glycemic profile was analyzed from a subset of patients using intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM).

Results:

A total of 168 youths with T1DM (n = 129 in the MDI group, n = 39 in the CSII group) were included. The CSII group consistently had lower HbA1c levels compared to the MDI group throughout a 3-year follow up period: 8.1% versus 10.1, P-value < .001 at 1 year, 7.5% versus 10.1% at 2 years, P-value  < .001, 8.9% versus 10.3% at 3 years, P-value = .033. Body mass index significantly increased in both groups at 1 year, although greater in CSII group. In a subgroup using isCGM (n = 37 on MDI and n = 29 on CSII), the CSII group had a lower average blood glucose (194 mg/dL vs 228 mg/dL, P-value = .028) and a lower estimated HbA1c level (8.4% vs 9.6%, P-value = .022).

Conclusion:

Treatment with CSII resulted in lower HbA1c compared to MDI in our cohort, which was sustained over a 3-year period.
Sound transmission loss of LC3-based mortars with barite and waste rubber
Authors: Söyek Abay Begüm , Tanaçan Leyla
Published: October 2022

This study investigates developing a single-layer composite material to provide acoustical comfort conditions due to sound transmission in a building. The aim of the study is to increase the sound transmission loss (STL) of mortars produced with LC3(limestone calcined clay cements)1ecological binder, barite, and rubber aggregates compared to Portland cement and river sand aggregate mortars. The flow and aggregate/binder ratios by volume in each mortar mixture were kept constant and compared. Instead of river sand aggregate, barite aggregate was used to provide weight, which is one of the most important parameters effective in sound insulation and waste rubber aggregate was used to control stiffness. Mortars were produced in 40 × 40 × 160 mm for experimental analyses that include unit weight, capillary of water absorption, open porosity, and compressive and flexural strengths, while in 90 mm thick cylindrical mortars were produced for sound transmission loss measurements. As a result of the experimental study, it is revealed that mortar with LC3binder, two-part barite, and 1-part waste rubber aggregate by volume (LC3-2B1R-8) can be used as an acoustical material for sound insulation. Using combined aggregates (barite and rubber) for increasing the sound insulation properties of the mortar is very effective not only in high frequencies but also in low frequencies. The study also shows that increasing the weight of the mortars does not always increase the sound insulation properties of the material.
Psychedelic medicine at a crossroads: Advancing an integrative approach to research and practice
Authors: Gobbi Gabriella , Inserra Antonio , Greenway Kyle T. , Lifshitz Michael , Kirmayer Laurence J.
Published: October 2022

Psychedelics have been already used by human societies for more than 3000 years, mostly in religious and healing context. The renewed interest in the potential application of psychedelic compounds as novel therapeutics has led to promising preliminary evidence of clinical benefit in some psychiatric disorders. Despite these promising results, the potential for large-scale clinical application of these profoundly consciousness-altering substances, in isolation from the sociocultural contexts in which they were traditionally used, raises important concerns. These concerns stem from the recognition that the mechanisms of therapeutic action of psychedelics are not entirely dependent on neurobiology, but also on the psychological, social and spiritual processes for their efficacy. For these reasons, physicians or psychotherapists involved in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy need training in ways to accompany patients through this experience to promote positive outcomes and address potential side effects. Psychedelic therapies may foster the emergence of a novel paradigm in psychiatry that integrates psychopharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and cultural interventions for patients with mental health issues.
Design of temporary, conditional, general and highly influential buildings for tropical cyclones and severe local storms
Authors: Tamura Yukio , Yang Qingshan , Wang Yu
Published: October 2022

This paper first discusses the causes of damage to buildings and structures due to various types of winds including daily winds and some extremely strong winds. Regarding devastating wind-induced disasters due to tropical cyclones (TC), the importance of combined effects of wind and water hazards is emphasized. It also points out human errors hidden in damage scenarios, especially for large buildings. The importance of cladding/component design, the significance of debris impacts, and the effects of sudden changes in internal pressures are also emphasized. The design principles for buildings and structures are also examined, and the crucial differences among building performances against TCs and severe local storms such as tornadoes and downbursts are discussed. Design load levels for temporary buildings including scaffoldings and construction offices and for conditional buildings and structures including cranes, movable roofs and so on are also discussed. Next, design issues of tornado effects on highly important and highly influential buildings such as nuclear power plants are discussed. Finally, to cope with the future increasing trend of wind-related disasters, the importance of decarbonization and full-scale storm simulators are emphasized.
Does Premature Deindustrialisation Stall Growth? Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Rekha Ravindran  , Manalaya Suresh Babu
Published: October 2022

Structural transformation (ST) accelerates growth when labour transition occurs from low-productivity to high-productivity sectors. However, evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) indicates that the manufacturing sector is not generating enough employment opportunities and that labour absorption is primarily occurring in low-productivity service activities—a process known as premature deindustrialisation that hinders the growth-enhancing effect of ST. This article contributes by quantifying the effect of labour movement across sectors and estimating its impact on growth in the region. We apply the Shapley decomposition technique to extract the effect of ST on change in labour productivity. Next, by using a panel ARDL framework, we analyse the impact of ST on long-run economic growth for 12 middle-income economies from SSA for the period 1992–2017. Our findings suggest that in the long-run, ST towards low productivity service activities is having a growth-depressing effect on these economies. Although middle-income African economies have adopted several policy initiatives to reverse the deindustrialisation trend, our findings show that these have not (so far) generated economic growth. Further efforts are needed in these countries to foster the investment climate, infrastructure, financial sector, skills and regional integration needed for labour transition towards high productivity sectors.
Determinants of the Behavioural Intention of Open Distance Learning Students to Use Digital Tools and Resources for Learning in Nigeria
Authors: Itasanmi Sunday A.
Published: October 2022

This study investigated determinants of the behavioural intention of Open Distance Learning (ODL) students to use digital tools and resources for learning in Nigeria. The study utilized an online questionnaire to gather data from 522 ODL students from an ODL institution in Nigeria. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was the main framework used for the analysis in which attitude was included as an additional variable to seek out a much better model capable of improving the understanding of ODL students’ behavioural intention to use digital tools and resources for learning. Thus, an extended UTAUT model was developed and tested in this study. The model consisted of six constructs: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, attitude and behavioural intention. A Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for data analysis. Results revealed that the proposed model successfully explained critical factors that determine ODL students’ behavioural intention to use digital tools and resources for learning. The study suggested that attitude, performance expectancy and facilitating conditions are the major determinants of behavioural intention to use digital tools and resources but attitude is the most prominent factor. Thus, implications and suggestions for further studies were highlighted.
Upper Thoracic Sympathectomy on Systemic Scleroderma
Authors: Balas P. , Tripolitis A.
Published: October 2022

SUMMARY
Role-Related Stress and Adversity Impacting Christian Clergy Resilience: A Pan-Canadian Study
Authors: Clarke Margaret Allison , Walker Keith D , Spurr Shelley , Squires Vicki
Published: October 2022

Christian clergy are at risk of experiencing the negative impacts of role-related stress and adversity, especially burnout. The findings reported in this article were derived from a Canadian mix-methods study that collected data through an online survey with 519 clerics, 13 one-on-one interviews, and interpretation panels. Adversity themes identified related to workload, expectations, isolation, and personal challenges with various subthemes for each. These findings are relevant to those providing care to clergy by providing insights into the challenges they face.
Sacral Fractures: A Review
Authors: Barber Lauren A. , Katsuura Yoshihiro , Qureshi Sheeraz
Published: October 2022

At the cornerstone of the pelvis and spine, the sacrum may be fractured in patients of all ages. Sacral fractures range from high-energy injuries, with mortality rates of up to 18%, to low-energy insufficiency fractures. The intricate geometry of the sacrum, the breadth of morphotypes, and the presence of congenital anomalies all can complicate the treatment of these fractures. Agreement on the surgical indications for these injuries is limited. This narrative review aims to update orthopedic surgeons on the clinical evaluation and the non-surgical and surgical management of these fractures.
Multimodal imaging approach for the diagnosis of intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD): Basic principles, current and future perspectives
Authors: Charles Jude Hassan , Desai Sohum , Jean Paul Axler , Hassan Ameer
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To review the different imaging modalities utilized in the diagnosis of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease (ICAD) including their latest development and relevance in management of ICAD.

Methods

A review of the literature was conducted through a search in google scholar, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, clinical trials.gov and the Cochrane Library. Search terms included, “imaging modalities in ICAD,” “ICAD diagnostic,” “Neuroimaging of ICAD,” “Evaluation of ICAD”. A summary and comparison of each modality's basic principles, advantages and disadvantages were included.

Results

A total of 144 articles were identified and reviewed. The most common imaging used in ICAD diagnoses were DSA, CTA, MRA and TCD. They all had proven accuracy, their own benefits, and limitations. Newer modalities such as VWI, IVUS, OCT, PWI and CFD provide more detailed information regarding the vessel walls, plaque characteristics, and flow dynamics, which play a tremendous role in treatment guidance. In certain clinical scenarios, using more than one modality has been shown to be helpful in ICAD identification. The rapidly evolving software related to imaging studies, such as virtual histology, are very promising for the diagnostic and management of ICAD.

Conclusions

ICAD is a common cause of recurrent ischemic stroke. Its management can be both medical and/or procedural. Many different imaging modalities are used in its diagnosis. In certain clinical scenario, a combination of two more modalities can be critical in the management of ICAD. We expect that continuous development of imaging technique will lead to individualized and less invasive management with adequate outcome.
‘I’m not prepared to sacrifice my life for other people’s tennis’: An explorative study into the career narratives of female tennis coaches
Authors: Jones Ellen , Edwards Lisa , Dohme Lea-Cathrin , Norman Leanne
Published: October 2022

Research recognises the existence of a dominant performance narrative in elite sport that values a ‘win at all costs’ attitude, prioritising sport over all other facets of life. This narrative commonly privileges dominant groups of men at the expense of marginalised men and many women. To interrogate this aspect of sporting culture further, this study offers a unique insight into the influence of the dominant performance narrative within the coaching context. Specifically, a narrative analysis approach was employed to explore eight female tennis coaches’ career experiences. Findings suggest that career success was judged on adherence to the dominant performance narrative which required a single-minded dedication to coaching. Whilst some of the coaches aligned closely with this narrative, adherence to the exclusive nature of the performance narrative caused tension and conflict for others. The coaches who did not adhere to the dominant performance narrative resisted cultural norms and aligned themselves with other, less dominant narratives. This highlights that career success in coaching can be a multidimensional concept and importantly that organisational culture needs to change in order that alternative narratives become more available and validated. This could lead to coach identity being less tied to adherence to the dominant performance narrative and focused more on personal development and well-being. Ultimately, this may result in higher levels of female coach attraction, retention, and progression.
Maternal health and pregnancy outcomes in autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease
Authors: Bleyer Anthony J , Kidd Kendrah O , Williams Adrienne H , Johnson Emily , Robins Victoria , Martin Lauren , Taylor Abbigail , Kim Alice , Bowline Isai , Connaughton Dervla M , Langefeld Carl D , Zivna Martina , Kmoch Stanislav
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) is an increasingly recognized cause of chronic kidney disease. ADTKD pregnancy outcomes have not previously been described.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was sent to women from ADTKD families.

Results

Information was obtained from 85 afffected women (164 term pregnancies) and 23 controls (50 pregnancies). Only 16.5% of genetically affected women knew they had ADTKD during pregnancy. Eighteen percent of ADTKD mothers had hypertension during pregnancy versus 12% in controls ( p  =  0.54) and >40% in comparative studies of chronic kidney disease in pregnancy. Eleven percent of births of ADTKD mothers were <37 weeks versus 0 in controls ( p < 0.0001). Cesarean section occurred in 19% of pregnancies in affected women versus 38% of unaffected individuals ( p  =  0.06). Only 12% of babies required a neonatal intensive care unit stay.

Conclusions

ADTKD pregnancies had lower rates of hypertension during pregnancy versus other forms of chronic kidney disease, which may have contributed to good maternal and fetal outcomes.
Efficacy and safety of adding bevacizumab biosimilar or original drug to platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment in patients with advanced NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Liu , Liu Maobai , Cao Xueqiong , Li Na , Zheng Bin , Deng Jianhao , Cai Hongfu
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

The role of bevacizumab combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin in the first-line treatment of advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been supported by a large number of data. However, whether bevacizumab biosimilars have the same efficacy and safety as the original drug is still controversial. This meta-analysis was designed to evaluate whether bevacizumab biosimilars have the same clinical efficacy and safety as the original drug in patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC.

Methods:

Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP) and the ClinicalTrail.gov website were extensively searched using relevant search criteria. We included phase III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy and safety of marketed biosimilars and Avastin in the first-line treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the RoB 2 assessment scale, and the RevMan 5.4 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.

Results:

A total of 6360 patients were included in 11 RCTs. There was no statistical difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of effectiveness [objective response rate (at week 18), disease control rate (at week 18), median duration of response, median progression-free survival, median overall survival (OS), and OS after 12 months]. In terms of safety [treatment-emergent adverse events (grade ⩾3) and treatment-related adverse events (grade ⩾3)], there was also no significant difference between biosimilars and Avastin.

Conclusions:

The efficacy and safety of bevacizumab biosimilars in the treatment of advanced non-squamous NSCLC are highly similar to those of the original drug combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin, respectively.
Correlation between T stage and lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Kim Seijong , Huh Jung Wook , Lee Woo Yong , Yun Seong Hyeon , Kim Hee Cheol , Cho Yong Beom , Park Yoonah , Shin Jung Kyong
Published: October 2022

Background:

Depth of tumor is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer, but impact of yield pathologic T (ypT) stage on lymph node involvement in rectal cancer remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between ypT stage and lymph node metastasis.

Methods:

From January 2010 to December 2015, 602 patients who were diagnosed with rectal cancer and treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by radical operation were reviewed retrospectively. The correlations between ypT stage and lymph node status and survival were evaluated.

Results:

On pathology, 179 (29.7%) patients exhibited regional lymph node metastasis. Lymph node metastasis was seen in 8.5% of ypT0 patients, 20% of ypT1, 18.4% of ypT2, 47.5% of ypT3, and 27.3% of ypT4. Positive lymph node metastasis was correlated with ypT stage. In addition, the difference of lymph node metastasis in ypT stage subgroups was statistically significant ( p < 0.001). Five-year disease-free survival was significantly different in the ypT stage subgroups (88.7% versus 86.7% versus 82.6% versus 64.7% versus 72.7%, p < 0.001), as was 5-year overall survival (96.2% versus 90.0% versus 95.8% versus 80.0% versus 90.9%, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

YpT stage is associated with lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant CRT and radical operation, and ypT0 patients exhibited an 8.5% lymph node metastasis rate. Therefore, the decision for local excision or the watch-and-wait strategy for rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant CRT and predicted to show a pathologic complete response should be considered with caution.
Playing remotely: The COVID-19 pandemic and mobile locative gaming in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Andrade Luiz Adolfo , Nery Filho Jesse
Published: October 2022

Mobile locative games consist of a subset of mobile games that encourage players to go outside, by promoting outdoor activities and physical meetings. Because of this, their gameplay breaks the core of social distancing strategies implemented since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, developers implemented changes in their locative games supported by the mobile game revenue model, which enabled a strategy called “playing remotely” that encourages the players to spend their money with microtransactions. This study analyses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in mobile locative gaming, by examining the preferences and behavior of players from the Northeast Brazil, a region with socioeconomic inequalities and urban violence, among other issues that shape mobility practices.

Accordingly, we pose a research question: how do players living in Northeast Brazil manage the mobile game revenue model for playing remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic? With this in mind, we have conducted an online survey among communities of players located in Northeast Brazil, by sharing a questionnaire with 21 questions. Seventy-four players from the region responded to our survey. The sample's age was from 16 to 58 years old, and they lived in seven of the nine states that form Northeast Brazil. We have found that players’ preference is to invest their time in gathering resources by playing the game, instead of spending their money in microtransactions for playing remotely. Moreover, we have found that mobile communication plays a significant role in keeping players in touch during the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing players to expand their networks to other cities and countries. We have concluded that playing remotely represents an important strategy to support the development of locative games and other location-based applications, which can help us to prepare for the next pandemic.
Epidemiology of Sports-Related Clavicle Fractures in the United States: Injuries From 2015 to 2019
Authors: Twomey-Kozak Jack , Whitlock Keith G. , O’Donnell Jeffrey A. , Klifto Christopher S. , Anakwenze Oke
Published: October 2022

Background:

Clavicle fractures are common orthopaedic injuries that frequently occur during sports and recreational activity.

Purpose:

To (1) determine the incidence rate of sports-related clavicle fractures among patients evaluated in emergency departments in the United States over a 5-year period, (2) determine the most common sports and risks associated with clavicle fractures, and (3) update the literature by comparing past and present injury trends.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database was queried for patients evaluated with clavicle fractures in US emergency departments from 2015 to 2019. The authors evaluated the data by age, sex, race, and sport/recreational activity. Injuries were characterized based on sports-specific mechanism of injury. Using the NEISS weighted multiplier, the authors estimated annual incidence rates based on US Census data. Contingency table comparisons of categorical variables (ie, age groups vs sex distributions) were analyzed using either chi-square or Fisher exact tests as appropriate for the population size, while continuous variable comparisons were performed using 1-way analysis of variance statistical testing.

Results:

A total of 2386 athletic-related clavicle fractures were evaluated at participating emergency departments, translating to 304,211 clavicle fractures, with an annual per-year injury rate of 18.72 clavicle fractures per 100,000 persons at risk (95% CI, 15.28-23.67). Male athletes had disproportionately higher injury rates than female athletes ( P < .001) for every year of the study and demonstrated a higher incidence of fractures compared with female athletes (injury proportion ratio, 5.54). Patients aged 10 to 19 years accounted for the highest overall incidence of injury (64.5%). The annual incidence rate of athletic-related clavicle fractures was not significantly different during the study period ( P = .24). The most common mechanisms of injury were participation in football (26.87%), soccer (15.76%), snowboarding (5.03%), bicycling (3.77%), wrestling (3.65%), and snow skiing (3.52%).

Conclusion:

Study findings indicated that clavicle fractures sustained during sports and recreational activity disproportionately affect male athletes. Adolescent populations (10-19 years of age) had the highest overall incidence of injury, and the most common activities associated with clavicle fractures were football and soccer.
Locating Kashmiriyat in Ancient History: Tracing the Genealogy of Kashmir’s Syncretic Culture
Authors: Para Altaf Hussain , Rashid Haroon , Shah Sana
Published: October 2022

The discourse on Kashmiriyat (or Kasheryut) was majorly invoked in the late twentieth-century Kashmir by diverse, often conflicting, ideological strands to legitimize their respective political positioning in the context of post-1947 political stirrings in Jammu and Kashmir. However, the discourse has remained shrouded in ambiguity owing to the multiple, disparate meanings and connotations attached to it. More commonly the term has been understood to imply a syncretic culture of Kashmir devoid of religious fundamentalism and exclusion.KL

So far as the historicity of Kashmiriyat is concerned, the existing scholarly writings on the discourse have tried to locate its origins in the medieval times when the interaction and subsequent synthesis occurred between Hinduism and Islam in Kashmir; a mystic manifestation, Rishism, is often referred as the best example of this ideational formation. However, the paper attempts to argue that while the idea of Kashmiriyat as syncretic culture of Kashmir devoid of religious fundamentalism holds ground, it cannot be clearly steered away from a particular religious affiliation altogether. Secondly, this paper challenges the existing historicity and ideational trajectory of Kashmiriyat and instead attempts to trace its genealogy to Kashmir’s ancient past.
DWI-FLAIR Mismatch in Stroke: “P.S.” (Partial Strategic Concept) for Clinical Practice
Authors: Nedunchelian Meena , Varadharajan Shriram , G Parvathy , Iyer Rajesh Shankar , Cherian Mathew , Mehta Pankaj , Poyyamoli Santosh , MA Karthikeyan , Nikhil H. R.
Published: October 2022

Recent studies have shown that diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI (DWI-FLAIR) mismatch is useful for thrombolytic treatment decisions in acute ischemic stroke. However, the role of partial mismatch in strategic locations among patients with evolving stroke has not been described before. Partial imaging mismatch involving strategic locations might indicate reversible ischemia, enabling thrombolysis even in those patients presenting in the extended time windows. In this report, we describe the partial strategic concept of DWI-FLAIR mismatch with case examples.
A Case Report of Percutaneous Closure of Bilateral PDA in a Case of Isolated Left Subclavian Artery with Bilateral PDA
Authors: Gudipati Rajesh Babu , Rao Nitin K. , Vyas Suman
Published: October 2022

Isolated subclavian artery is a rare anomaly where the subclavian artery, instead of originating from the aorta, is connected to the ipsilateral pulmonary artery via ductus arteriosus. Presentation varies from asymptomatic to vertebrobasilar insufficiency and claudication of the ipsilateral arm. About 100 odd cases were reported in the literature. Some of them underwent definitive surgical repair, ie, reimplantation and others underwent percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus thereby reducing stealing of blood and improvement of circulation in the ipsilateral arm. We are reporting a case of isolated left subclavian artery with a rare association of bilateral PDA.
The Impact and Clinical Implications of Gastric Surgery on the Gastric Conduction System
Authors: Carson Daniel A. , Robertson Sam , Wang Tim H-H. , Varghese Chris , Gharibans Armen A. , Windsor John A. , O’Grady Greg
Published: October 2022

Chronic symptoms of gastric dysfunction are common following gastric surgery, but the mechanisms underlying these have remained poorly understood. Disturbances of foregut motility are suspected to play a central role, however knowledge of how these abnormalities manifest and relate to symptoms requires elucidation. Emerging data suggests that abnormalities of the gastric conduction system are a common consequence of gastric surgery and may contribute to dysmotility and post-operative symptoms. This review provides a primer on the gastric conduction system. The normal physiology of the gastric conduction system and factors that influence resilience to surgery are outlined, together with focused discussion on three surgical procedures that impact post-operative gastric dysfunction: resection of the gastric pacemaker, resection or bypass of the pylorus, and vagotomy. The mechanistic pathways that underpin the clinical effects of these procedures are discussed. Future horizons are also evaluated, including newly established body surface gastric mapping techniques that provide a non-invasive method to detect changes in the gastric conduction system and relate these to symptoms in postoperative patients, with the goal of developing targeted interventions for prevention and therapy.
Does Achalasia Subtype III Need to be Treated Differently Than Type I and II? Pro Argument
Authors: Sudarshan Monisha , Raja Siva
Published: October 2022

Type III achalasia, previously known as spastic achalasia, has been a rare but challenging diagnosis to treat. While it is included in the same diagnostic and treatment paradigm of types I and II achalasia, conventional therapies such as Botulinum Toxin A injection, pneumatic dilation, and Heller myotomy have yielded poor outcomes. Given the longer segment of spastic esophageal muscle, per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is emerging as the dominant treatment paradigm. As such, it behooves us to treat type III achalasia as the unique entity that it is rather than the “garden variety” achalasia.
Instituting Racial Equity: The Allegheny County Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health Initiative
Authors: Mendez Dara D. , Christian Stephanie N. , Casas Andrea , Scott Samantha , Hardy Hannah , Harris Roderick , Wilkerson Aja , Gary-Webb Tiffany L.
Published: October 2022

Introduction

In 2018, The Live Well Allegheny: Lifting Wellness for African Americans (LWA2) Initiative was developed to support six priority, Black communities in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania to address health equity in chronic disease. The LWA2 coalition members participated in ongoing anti-racism and racial equity sessions with a nationally recognized anti-racist facilitation team. The sessions included a 2-days experience in January 2020 along with follow up meetings throughout 2020.

Methods

Surveys were administered to understand their perceptions related to anti-racism and oppression and subsequent actions as a result of the sessions. Additionally, we conducted nine in-depth interviews with organizational partners (January -May 2020) to evaluate the overall effectiveness of the coalition and inform future activities.

Results

Ten participants completed the post session surveys. Seven out of 10 survey respondents felt they had a good understanding of how oppression (racism, sexism, capitalism) influenced their life and work. However, the majority indicated needing the tools to implement anti-racist strategies in their work. The in-depth interviews with organizational partners revealed that racial equity was of concern to all partners but there was variability in intentionality around racial equity as a core element of each organization’s mission, goals and subsequent actions.

Discussion

As a result of the interviews, coalition members developed a racial equity statement and theory of change for implementation in the coalition work and within individual organizations along with a plan for implementing an equity audit of the coalition. Coalitions of this kind should be intentional about implementing continuous strategies related to anti-racism for structural changes toward achieving racial equity in their overall work.
Loomisite, Ba[Be2P2O8]⋅H2O, the first natural example with the zeolite ABW-type framework, from Keystone, Pennington County, South Dakota, USA
Authors: Yang Hexiong , Gu Xiangping , Gibbs Ronald B. , Downs Robert T.
Published: October 2022

A new beryllophosphate mineral species, loomisite (IMA2022-003), ideally Ba[Be2P2O8]⋅H2O, was found from the Big Chief mine near Keystone, Pennington County, South Dakota, USA. It occurs as divergent sprays of very thin bladed crystals with a tapered termination. Individual crystals are found up to 0.80 × 0.06 × 0.03 mm. Associated minerals include dondoellite, earlshannonite, mitridatite, rockbridgeite, jahnsite-(CaMnFe) and quartz. No twinning or parting is observed macroscopically. Loomisite is murky white in transmitted light, transparent with white streak and silky to vitreous lustre. It is brittle and has a Mohs hardness of 3½–4, with perfect cleavage on {100} and {$\bar{1}$10}. The measured and calculated densities are 3.46(5) and 3.512 g/cm3, respectively. Optically, loomisite is biaxial (+), with α = 1.579(5), β = 1.591(5), γ = 1.606(5) (white light), 2V (meas.) = 82(2)° and 2V (calc.) = 85°. It is non-pleochroic under polarised light, with a very weak (r > v) dispersion. The mineral is insoluble in water or hydrochloric acid. An electron microprobe analysis, along with the BeO content measured with an ICP-MS, yields an empirical formula (based on 9 O apfu) (Ba0.96Ca0.06)Σ1.02[(Be1.96Fe0.06)Σ2.02P1.99O8]⋅H2O, which can be simplified to (Ba,Ca)[(Be,Fe)2P2O8]⋅H2O.

Loomisite is monoclinic, with space group Pn and unit-cell parameters a = 7.6292(18), b = 9.429(2), c = 4.7621(11) Å, β = 91.272(5)°, V= 342.47(14) Å3 and Z = 2. Its crystal structure is characterised by a framework of corner-sharing PO4 and BeO4 tetrahedra. The framework can be considered as built from the stacking of sheets consisting of 4- and 8-membered rings (4.82 nets) along [001] or hexagonal layers (63 nets) along [010]. The extra-framework Ba2+ and H2O are situated in the channels formed by the 8-membered rings. Topologically, loomisite represents the first natural example with the zeolite ABW-type framework, which is adopted by over 100 synthetic compounds with different chemical compositions.
Early-life and health behaviour influences on lung function in early adulthood
Authors: Mahmoud Osama , Granell Raquel , Peralta Gabriela P. , Garcia-Aymerich Judith , Jarvis Deborah , Henderson John , Sterne Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Rationale

Early-life exposures may influence lung function at different stages of the life course. However, the relative importance of characteristics at different stages of infancy and childhood are unclear.

Objectives

To examine the associations and relative importance of early-life events on lung function at age 24 years.

Methods

We followed 7545 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children from birth to 24 years. Using previous knowledge, we classified an extensive list of putative risk factors for low lung function, covering sociodemographic, environmental, lifestyle and physiological characteristics, according to timing of exposure: 1) demographic, maternal and child; 2) perinatal; 3) postnatal; 4) early childhood; and 5) adolescence characteristics. Lung function measurements (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC) were standardised for sex, age and height. The proportion of the remaining variance explained by each characteristic was calculated. The association and relative importance (RI) of each characteristic for each lung function measure was estimated using linear regression, adjusted for other characteristics in the same and previous categories.

Results

Lower maternal perinatal body mass index (BMI), lower birthweight, lower lean mass and higher fat mass in childhood had the largest RI (0.5–7.7%) for decreased FVC. Having no siblings, lower birthweight, lower lean mass and higher fat mass were associated with decreased FEV1(RI 0.5–4.6%). Higher lean mass and childhood asthma were associated with decreased FEV1/FVC (RI 0.6–0.8%).

Conclusions

Maternal perinatal BMI, birthweight, childhood lean and fat mass and early-onset asthma are the factors in infancy and childhood that have the greatest influence on early-adult lung function.
Velocity Constraints Based Approach for Online Trajectory Planning of High-Speed Parallel Robots
Authors: Yang Di , Xie Fugui , Liu Xinjun
Published: October 2022

High-speed parallel robots have been extensively utilized in the light industry. However, the influence of the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of high-speed parallel robots on system’s dynamic response and stable operation cannot be ignored during the high-speed reciprocating motion. Thus, trajectory planning is essential for efficiency and stability from pick-and-place (PAP) actions. This paper presents a method for planning the equal-height pick-and-place trajectory considering velocity constraints to improve the PAP efficiency and stability of high-speed parallel robots. The velocity constraints in the start-and-end points can reduce vibration from picking and placing, making the trajectory more suitable to complex beltline situations. Based on velocity constraints, trajectory optimization includes trajectory smoothness and joint torque to optimize cycle time is carried out. This paper proposes an online trajectory optimization solution. By using back propagation (BP) neural networks, the solution is simplified and can be solved in real-time. Simulation and experiments were carried out on the SR4 parallel robot. The results show that the proposed method improves the efficiency, smoothness, and stability of the robot. This paper proposes an online trajectory planning method which is velocity constraints based and can improve the efficiency and stability of high-speed parallel robots. The work of this research is conducive to finely applying high-speed parallel robots.
A chromosome-level genome of Semiothisa cinerearia provides insights into its genome evolution and control
Authors: Chi Shengqi , Wang Yanchun , Wang Zhongkai , Li Haorong , Gu Songdong , Ren Yandong
Published: October 2022

Background

Semiothisa cinerearia belongs to Geometridae, which is one of the most species-rich families of lepidopteran insects. It is also one of the most economically significant pests of the Chinese scholar tree (Sophora japonica L.), which is an important urban greenbelt trees in China due to its high ornamental value. A genome assembly of S. cinerearia would facilitate study of the control and evolution of this species.

Results

We present a reference genome for S. cinerearia; the size of the genome was ~ 580.89 Mb, and it contained 31 chromosomes. Approximately 43.52% of the sequences in the genome were repeat sequences, and 21,377 protein-coding genes were predicted. Some important gene families involved in the detoxification of pesticides (P450) have expanded in S. cinerearia. Cytochrome P450 gene family members play key roles in mediating relationships between plants and insects, and they are important in plant secondary metabolite detoxification and host-plant selection. Using comparative analysis methods, we find positively selected gene, Sox15 and TipE, which may play important roles during the larval-pupal metamorphosis development of S. cinerearia.

Conclusion

This assembly provides a new genomic resource that will aid future comparative genomic studies of Geometridae species and facilitate future evolutionary studies on the S. cinerearia.
Whole genome sequencing of Moraxella bovis strains from North America reveals two genotypes with different genetic determinants
Authors: Wynn Emily L. , Hille Matthew M. , Loy John Dustin , Schuller Gennie , Kuhn Kristen L. , Dickey Aaron M. , Bono James L. , Clawson Michael L.
Published: October 2022

Background

Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi both associate with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), an economically significant and painful ocular disease that affects cattle worldwide. There are two genotypes of M. bovoculi (genotypes 1 and 2) that differ in their gene content and potential virulence factors, although neither have been experimentally shown to cause IBK. M. bovis is a causative IBK agent, however, not all strains carry a complete assortment of known virulence factors. The goals of this study were to determine the population structure and depth of M. bovis genomic diversity, and to compare core and accessory genes and predicted outer membrane protein profiles both within and between M. bovis and M. bovoculi.

Results

Phylogenetic trees and bioinformatic analyses of 36 M. bovis chromosomes sequenced in this study and additional available chromosomes of M. bovis and both genotype 1 and 2 M. bovoculi, showed there are two genotypes (1 and 2) of M. bovis. The two M. bovis genotypes share a core of 2015 genes, with 121 and 186 genes specific to genotype 1 and 2, respectively. The two genotypes differ by their chromosome size and prophage content, encoded protein variants of the virulence factor hemolysin, and by their affiliation with different plasmids. Eight plasmid types were identified in this study, with types 1 and 6 observed in 88 and 56% of genotype 2 strains, respectively, and absent from genotype 1 strains. Only type 1 plasmids contained one or two gene copies encoding filamentous haemagglutinin-like proteins potentially involved with adhesion. A core of 1403 genes was shared between the genotype 1 and 2 strains of both M. bovis and M. bovoculi, which encoded a total of nine predicted outer membrane proteins.

Conclusions

There are two genotypes of M. bovis that differ in both chromosome content and plasmid profiles and thus may not equally associate with IBK. Immunological reagents specifically targeting select genotypes of M. bovis, or all genotypes of M. bovis and M. bovoculi together could be designed from the outer membrane proteins identified in this study.