bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons about Causes and Management of an Ebola Outbreak
Authors: Elargoubi Aida , Khelifa Anis W. Belhaj , Haddad Ons , Mhalla Salma , Sakly Nabil , Mastouri Maha
Published: January 2018

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is one of the deadliest viral diseases. It is characterized by a high mortality rate due to the lack of effective and safe treatments or vaccines and its ability to spread at an unstoppable pace. The West Africa outbreak ended but the disease may strike again at any time. The latest epidemic was, by far, the deadliest to date. The most concern was why this outbreak was so different from the previous ones. We proposed in this review firstly to summarize the principal causes of its unprecedented spread and secondly to identify the steps for an effective management approach of a future Ebola outbreak. Attributes of the affected populations and insufficient control efforts were the main reasons of its amplification. This was complicated by a delayed international response. The health crisis was ignored for months until it got out of control. The management of Ebola presents a multitude of challenges in terms of preparedness and capacity to face an outbreak. In addition to the need for adequate health care facilities, ongoing surveillance tools, appropriate training of health workers and raising population awareness, readiness requires a large scale and coordinated international intervention to support affected and at-risk nations, to intensify their response activities and to strengthen their capacities. Constant interventions after the outbreak are still needed to ensure that vital health and related service institutions in these countries are fully prepared to respond to an eminent epidemic.
Microemulgel of Voriconazole: an Unfathomable Protection to Counter Fungal Contagiousness
Authors: Ashara Kalpesh C. , Paun Jalpa S. , Soniwala Moinuddin M. , Chavda Jayant R.
Published: January 2018

Background: Fluconazole and ketoconazole both have poor minimum inhibitory concentration than voriconazole. Voriconazole had serious side effects in oral and intravenous doses. It has poor water solubility. The objective of the study was to prepare and optimize microemulgel of voriconazole for topical delivery. Aim: Formulation, development, and evaluation of voriconazole microemulgel for topical delivery. Methods: Oil and emulsifi ers selected were on the basis of equilibrium solubility study and emulsification property respectively. The pseudo-ternary plot and constrained simplex lattice design were applied for preparation of microemulsions. Microemulsions were subjected to micelle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, and in vitro study. They were optimized by Design-Expert®9.0.3.1 software. Formulation, development, evaluation and optimization of microemulgel were carried out. Microbial assay of an optimized batch of microemulgel was performed. Results: Solubility of voriconazole in Parker Neem®oil was 7.51±0.14 mg/g. Acrysol™K-150: PEG-400 in 4:1 ratio had the highest area for microemulsion. 59.2% Acrysol™K-150, 14.8% PEG-400, 11% Parker Neem®oil, 15% rose water, and 1% voriconazole as an optimized batch of microemulsion was selected for preparation of microemulgel. Carbomer 934P found a good gelling agent in 0-2% w/w concentration. An optimized batch of microemulgel had 0.974 desirability value. An optimized batch of microemulgel and Nizral®cream had 37.32±0.63% and 26.45±0.63% zones of inhibition. Conclusion: Topical antifungal treatment was successfully achieved with voriconazole microemulgel.
Nuclear Medicine Methods for Evaluation of Abnormal Parathyroid Glands in Patients with Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Botushanova Albena D. , Botushanov Nikolay P. , Yaneva Marianna P.
Published: January 2018

Considered rare disease in the past, primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has dramatically increased in incidence over the past thirty years with the introduction of routine calcium measurements; it is now approximately 42 per 100 000 persons. By far, the most common lesion found in patients with PHPT is the solitary parathyroid adenoma, occurring in 85%-90% of patients, while in the rest 10%- 15% primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands is present. Currently, the most widely used surgical approach is minimally invasive parathyroidectomy which is associated with less post-surgery complications and shorter operation time. To be successful this procedure needs to rely on a precise preoperative localization of the abnormal parathyroid glands, hence preoperative parathyroid imaging gained so large importance. The rationale for locating abnormal parathyroid tissue prior to surgery is that the glands can be notoriously unpredictable in their location. There is a general consensus that the best imaging procedure identifying abnormal parathyroid glands is the preoperative scintigraphy with99mTc-sestamibi or99mTc-tetrofosmin. It is characterized with high sensitivity and specificity exceeding those of ultrasound, CT or MRI. Combining scintigraphy with the other imaging techniques increases the precision for topic localization.
Biochemical Changes in Experimental Rat Model of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Ardasheva Raina G. , Argirova Mariana D. , Turiiski Valentin I. , Krustev Athanas D.
Published: January 2018

Background: Increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) causes tissue ischemia, subsequent hypoxia, and impairment of normal tissue metabolism. Elevation of IAP above 20 mmHg leads to progression of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) that is associated with organ dysfunction or failure not previously manifested. Aim: To evaluate the eff ects of diff erent grades and time of exposure to IAP on biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in organs aff ected by ischemia using previously developed rat model. Results: Three experimental groups exposed to diff erent IAP and time frames were tested for liver, kidney, and pancreas injury by measuring the activities of tissue specifi c enzymes in blood serum. Elevated activities of aspartate aminotransferase, pancreatic amylase, lipase, and higher concentrations of D-lactate, urea, and creatinine were found in some of the experimental groups compared to a control group of animals not subjected to increased IAP. Increased levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress as well as decrease in concentration of the major cellular antioxidant glutathione indicated the presence of oxidative injury as a result of elevated IAP. Conclusions: The developed rat model is appropriate to study the mechanism and manifestation of tissue injury during diff erent grades of elevated IAP but also to test approaches aimed to attenuate the detrimental eff ects of ACS. This study also underlines the necessity of using not a single but a set of biochemical parameters in order to assess the severity of tissue injury during elevated IAP and progression to ACS.
Word-Of-Mouth in Social Media. The Case of Polish Tourist Industry
Authors: Deszczyński Bartosz
Published: January 2018

The core objective of this paper is to determine the level of online dialogue in social media between the tourist industry leaders and their customers. This study applies sequential explanatory industry-representative comparison with statistical and qualitative analysis of online word-of-mouth communication. Its main finding is that even if online marketing is a hot topic, online channels seem to be neglected by the companies failing to provide real-time dialogue services. This results in the loss of customer attention and engagement and can be linked with overall corporate relationship management immaturity. In addition, the article offers vital insight into customer value creation chain of hotel and tour operators.
“TABI MUROLLI MUIDEM REP”. Pseudo-Kūfic, Retrograde Latin, and the Crusades Remembered on the Palazzo Chiaromonte-Steri Ceiling
Authors: Streahle Kristen E. G.
Published: January 2018

The article examines how expressions of piety and protection intertwine in the decorative programme of the Palazzo Chiaromonte-Steri in Palermo. Manfredi III Chiaromonte commissioned three Sicilian artists from 1377–1380 to paint the ceiling of the Sala Magna, one of the most celebrated artworks in Sicily. Frequently overlooked in scholarship, however, are the pseudoinscriptions, retrograde Latin, and enigmatic words and phrases painted on the ceiling. Rather than confirm a pleonastic reading of the textual additions, this study places them in conversation with a body of religious subjects painted in the palace, especially St. George and crusaders battling Muslim warriors. It argues that taken together these figural and textual interventions afford both a practical means to safeguard the Chiaromonte against misfortune and, more abstractly, to re-imagine the family’s history during this politically fraught moment in the Trecento.
Superhydrophobic membrane: progress in preparation and its separation properties
Authors: Himma Nurul F. , Prasetya Nicholaus , Anisah Sofiatun , Wenten I Gede
Published: January 2018

Superhydrophobic membrane that is highly resistant to wetting by aqueous solution has gained great attention because of its potential to be applied in many emerging membrane processes such as membrane gas absorption (MGA) and membrane distillation (MD). Numerous approaches have been proposed to obtain membranes with superhydrophobic surface from materials with various degrees of hydrophobicity. This paper then reviews the progress in superhydrophobic membrane preparation and its separation properties. A brief description of superhydrophobicity is firstly presented. Preparation methods of the superhydrophobic membrane are subsequently reviewed, including direct processing method and surface modification of the existing membrane. Finally, the separation properties and challenges of superhydrophobic membranes are discussed. This article could provide an insight for further development of superhydrophobic membrane.
Diminished androgen and estrogen receptors and aromatase levels in hypogonadal diabetic men: reversal with testosterone
Authors: Ghanim Husam , Dhindsa Sandeep , Abuaysheh Sanaa , Batra Manav , Kuhadiya Nitesh D , Makdissi Antoine , Chaudhuri Ajay , Dandona Paresh
Published: January 2018

Aims

One-third of males with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have hypogonadism, characterized by low total and free testosterone concentrations. We hypothesized that this condition is associated with a compensatory increase in the expression of androgen receptors (AR) and that testosterone replacement reverses these changes. We also measured estrogen receptor and aromatase expression.

Materials and methods

This is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Thirty-two hypogonadal and 32 eugonadal men with T2DM were recruited. Hypogonadal men were randomized to receive intramuscular testosterone or saline every 2 weeks for 22 weeks. We measured AR, ERα and aromatase expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC), adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in hypogonadal and eugonadal males with T2DM at baseline and after 22 weeks of treatment in those with hypogonadism.

Results

The mRNA expression ofAR, ERα (ESR1)and aromatase in adipose tissue from hypogonadal men was significantly lower as compared to eugonadal men, and it increased significantly to levels comparable to those in eugonadal patients with T2DM following testosterone treatment.ARmRNA expression was also significantly lower in MNC from hypogonadal patients compared to eugonadal T2DM patients. Testosterone administration in hypogonadal patients also restoredARmRNA and nuclear extract protein levels from MNC to that in eugonadal patients. In the skeletal muscle, AR mRNA and protein expression are lower in men with hypogonadism. Testosterone treatment restored AR expression levels to that comparable to levels in eugonadal men.

Conclusions

We conclude that, contrary to our hypothesis, the expression of AR, ERα and aromatase is significantly diminished in hypogonadal men as compared to eugonadal men with type 2 diabetes. Following testosterone replacement, there is a reversal of these deficits.
The diversity of gestational diabetes: a therapeutic challenge
Authors: Qvigstad Elisabeth
Published: January 2018

Metformin as the first drug of choice for glucose lowering in gestational diabetes (GDM) is still controversial, despite recent publications reporting similar outcomes in comparison to insulin, both for offspring and mothers. The use of metformin during pregnancy is increasing and several recent guidelines recommend metformin use in GDM pregnancies. Background, current metformin use and unresolved concerns are discussed in the context of the article from Gante and coworkers.
Intact glucose uptake despite deteriorating signaling in adipocytes with high-fat feeding
Authors: Hansson Björn , Wasserstrom Sebastian , Morén Björn , Periwal Vipul , Vikman Petter , Cushman Samuel W , Göransson Olga , Storm Petter , Stenkula Karin G
Published: January 2018

To capture immediate cellular changes during diet-induced expansion of adipocyte cell volume and number, we characterized mature adipocytes during a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) intervention. Male C57BL6/J mice were fed chow diet, and then switched to HFD for 2, 4, 6 or 14 days. Systemic glucose clearance was assessed by glucose tolerance test. Adipose tissue was dissected for RNA-seq and cell size distribution analysis using coulter counting. Insulin response in isolated adipocytes was monitored by glucose uptake assay and Western blotting, and confocal microscopy was used to assess autophagic activity. Switching to HFD was accompanied by an immediate adipocyte size expansion and onset of systemic insulin resistance already after two days, followed by recruitment of new adipocytes. Despite an initially increased non-stimulated and preserved insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, we observed a decreased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and protein kinase B (PKB). After 14 days of HFD, both the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) and glucose uptake was blunted. RNA-seq analysis of adipose tissue revealed transient changes in gene expression at day four, including highly significant upregulation ofTrp53inp, previously demonstrated to be involved in autophagy. We confirmed increased autophagy, measured as an increased density of LC3-positive puncta and decreased p62 expression after 14 days of HFD. In conclusion, HFD rapidly induced systemic insulin resistance, whereas insulin-stimulated glucose uptake remained intact throughout 6 days of HFD feeding. We also identified autophagy as an early cellular process that potentially influences adipocyte function upon switching to HFD.
Chromatin remodeling in mammalian embryos
Authors: Cabot Birgit , Cabot Ryan A
Published: January 2018

The mammalian embryo undergoes a dramatic amount of epigenetic remodeling during the first week of development. In this review, we discuss several epigenetic changes that happen over the course of cleavage development, focusing on covalent marks (e.g., histone methylation and acetylation) and non-covalent remodeling (chromatin remodeling via remodeling complexes; e.g., SWI/SNF-mediated chromatin remodeling). Comparisons are also drawn between remodeling events that occur in embryos from a variety of mammalian species.
Impact of Homologous Recombination on Silent Chromatin inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sieverman Kathryn J , Rine Jasper
Published: January 2018

One of the best-studied domains of heterochromatin is the silent mating-type locus HML in baker’s yeast. Sieverman and Rine report that DNA transactions...

Specialized chromatin domains repress transcription of genes within them and present a barrier to many DNA–protein interactions. Silent chromatin in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, akin to heterochromatin of metazoans and plants, inhibits transcription of PolII- and PolIII-transcribed genes, yet somehow grants access to proteins necessary for DNA transactions like replication and homologous recombination. In this study, we adapted a novel assay to detect even transient changes in the dynamics of transcriptional silencing at HML after it served as a template for homologous recombination. Homologous recombination specifically targeted to HML via double-strand-break formation at a homologous locus often led to transient loss of transcriptional silencing at HML. Interestingly, many cells could template homology-directed repair at HML without an obligate loss of silencing, even in recombination events with extensive gene conversion tracts. In a population of cells that experienced silencing loss following recombination, transcription persisted for 2–3 hr after all double-strand breaks were repaired. mRNA levels from cells that experienced recombination-induced silencing loss did not approach the amount of mRNA seen in cells lacking transcriptional silencing. Thus, silencing loss at HML after homologous recombination was short-lived and limited.
Tropical forages as a dietary alternative in fattening rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)
Authors: Sánchez-Laiño Adolfo , Torres-Navarrete Emma Danielly , Buste-Castro Franklin , Barrera- Álvarez Alexandra Elizabeth , Sánchez-Torres Jeniffer
Published: January 2018

El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el potencial de los forrajes tropicales (Morus alba L.), caraca (Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F.Cook y mirasol o botón dorado (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray) como fuente de alimento alternativo engorde de conejos, y su efecto sobre su comportamiento productivo. El experimento se realizó en el programa de especies menores de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Ecuador. En este estudio evaluamos conejos machos de Nueva Zelanda de 35 días de edad y con un promedio de peso de 74,23 ± 75,47 g, distribuidos en cuatro tratamientos con seis réplicas en un diseño de bloque completo. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron los siguientes: T1: concentrado comercial a voluntad (control); T2: concentrado comercial 50 g + morera a voluntad; T3: concentrado comercial 50 g + caraca a voluntad, y T4: concentrado comercial 50 g + botón de oro a voluntad. Para identificar diferencias significativas entre tratamientos, se aplicó el análisis de varianza y se utilizó la prueba de rango múltiple de Tukey para comparar los valores medios de los tratamientos. Las variables medidas fueron las siguientes: ingesta de alimento (FI); tasa de crecimiento (GR); tasa de conversión de alimento (FCR); peso a canal (WC), rendimiento a canal (PC) y rentabilidad. Los resultados muestran que la FI más alta se registró con T1, T2 y T4 (83,92 ± 4,31, 83,90 ± 1,08 y 81,72 ± 2,85 g de materia seca.d-1, respectivamente); el GR más alto se encontró en T1 (28.81 ± 2.55 g); la FCR más eficiente fue T1, T2 y T3 (2.93 ± 0.27, 3.34 ± 0.28 y 3.23 ± 0.19, respectivamente); y la PC más eficiente fue T3 (56.00 ± 1.11%) siendo también la más rentable (53%).
Pequi (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.) extrativism: situation and perspectives for its sustainability in Cariri Cearense, Brazil
Authors: Maciel Tamires Coelho Matias , Marco Cláudia Araújo , Silva Erlles Eder , Da Silva Toshik Iarley , Dos Santos Hernandes Rufino , Freitas Júnior Silvério De Paiva , Alcantara Francisca Dayanne de Oliveira , Chaves Marcelo Moura
Published: January 2018

En Chapada do Araripe, región del Brazil con una gran riqueza vegetal, el extractivismo del pequi (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm) es una importante actividad que abarca la economía y la vida social de las principales ciudades del Cariri Cearense. Sin embargo, aún existe poco conocimiento sobre su situación actual y perspectiva de sostenibilidad. El objetivo de este estudio es recoger información sobre la relación de los actores involucrados en la actividad extractivista del pequi, y relacionarlos con dimensiones de sostenibilidad. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en el Campamento Barreiro Novo, localizado en la ruta estatal CE 060 en el municipio de Jardim-Ce. Se aplicaron cuestionarios semi-estructurados a los recolectores de pequi para formar un perfil socioeconómico, además de utilizar el método de la observación participativa, fotos y análisis de contenido como forma de relacionar e identificar las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad introducidas en ese ambiente. La actividad extractivista del pequi en la región de Chapada do Araripe es algo cultural que posee una visión especial en relación al enfoque ambiental y que genera ingresos para las familias que la practican. Sin embargo, la misma precisa de políticas para mejorar las condiciones sociales (agua y saneamiento en el campamento) y para preservar la tradición sin perder el punto de vista ambiental.
Alcohol production from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) genotypes in fermentative medium
Authors: Lopes Amanda Cantos , Resende Juliano Tadeu Vilela de , Machado José , Guerra Edson Perez , Resende Nathalia Vilela
Published: January 2018

El etanol es uno de los combustibles más prometedores en Brasil, pero su producción está centralizada en el cultivo de la caña de azúcar, y actualmente se están buscando otras fuentes de biomasa productora de alcohol para reemplazar el monocultivo de la caña de azúcar. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las variables del proceso de fermentación como el tiempo de fermentación (72 y 96 horas), adición de nutrientes (con y sin adición) y levaduras (levadura orgánica seca y fresca) empleadas en la producción de etanol a partir de dos genotipos de batata (Ipomoea batatas L.): UGA 05 y UGA 77. El contenido del alcohol evaluado en °GL se realizó en un diseño completamente al azar según dos esquemas factoriales (22 y 23), y los resultados obtenidos se analizaron con el software Design Expert® versión 8. Los resultados del diseño factorial 22 indican que el tiempo de fermentación en la producción de alcohol tuvo un efecto significativo en el proceso, lo que sugiere que la producción de alcohol es más eficiente en 72 horas de fermentación y sin la inclusión de nutrientes. En el diseño factorial 23, las interacciones entre el tiempo de fermentación con genotipos, y entre el tiempo y la inclusión de la levadura mostraron efectos significativos y alteraron la producción de alcohol. El proceso de fermentación muestra una diferencia significativa en función del material genético y las levaduras utilizadas, señalando la fermentación del mosto de harina del genotipo UGA 77 bajo acción de levadura fresca y 72 horas de fermentación.
Notas para el análisis de los perfiles y trayectorias políticas. El estudio de los elencos dirigentes de una provincia del interior argentino (Mendoza, 1852-1900)
Authors: Fucili Eliana Valeria
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar algunos ejes de análisis que contribuyan a enriquecer los estudios en torno de la conformación y caracterización de los grupos dirigentes decimonónicos argentinos. Para ello, el artículo toma como objeto de análisis a los elencos políticos de la provincia de Mendoza surgidos durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y presenta una sólida evidencia empírica que identifica 725 actores políticos encargados de encarnar y dinamizar el Estado provincial. Dicho corpus ha sido analizado a través de metodologías cuantitativas y de la combinación de herramientas y perspectivas metodológicas tales como la prosopografía, los análisis sociológicos y los análisis de la sociabilidad, los cuales permiten distinguir varios rasgos de las dirigencias locales. Estas cuestiones fueron indagadas a partir del exhaustivo análisis de un amplio corpus documental —registros oficiales, partes departamentales, periódicos de la época— los cuales posibilitan el examen de una serie de variables que intervienen en el desarrollo de los periplos políticos de estos actores: su perfil socioprofesional; su continuidad o permanencia en los cargos públicos; y la proyección de sus itinerarios. En su conjunto el artículo constituye un aporte a los debates historiográficos actuales acerca de la relativa complejidad del sistema político decimonónico y del protagonismo de los grupos políticos provinciales y locales en el proceso de conformación del Estado nacional argentino. Asimismo, el estudio representa un avance sustantivo respecto de la literatura existente sobre las élites y las nóminas dirigentes, la cual se ha basado en datos exiguos y poco sistemáticos produciendo apresuradas generalizaciones que, no obstante, han sido tomadas como indicadores válidos para definir un amplio espectro político.
Las primeras relaciones del Nuevo Reino de Granada revisitadas (1539-1550): autores y temas centrales
Authors: Figueroa Cancino Juan David
Published: January 2018

Este artículo aborda las relaciones de las expediciones ibéricas realizadas tempranamente en el Nuevo Reino de Granada, enfatizando en aquellas escritas por Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada y los capitanes de su compaña. Aunque estos documentos han sido usados como fuente en diversos estudios históricos y antropológicos, se echa de menos un balance de la cuestión a la luz de nuevas preguntas que dialoguen con la historiografía americanista más reciente. Sin pretender ser exhaustivo, este artículo busca contribuir a ese propósito. Para ello emplea análisis textual de fuentes primarias publicadas y bibliografía secundaria. La génesis de las relaciones estuvo condicionada por la demanda de información desde el centro imperial, los intereses de los conquistadores, así como la mediación de los cronistas y cosmógrafos oficiales, en particular Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo, quien los recopiló y utilizó en la segunda parte de su Historia general y natural de las Indias. En ese corpus documental se encuentran prefigurados varios tópicos discursivos que reaparecieron de forma ampliada en las crónicas locales desde finales del siglo XVI, como la abundancia y buen temple del Nuevo Reino, Jiménez de Quesada como su legítimo conquistador y los muiscas como un pueblo pacífico, populoso y aprovechable económicamente.
Queries about the largest empty rectangle in large 2-dimensional datasets stored in secondary memory
Authors: Lara Felipe , Gutiérrez Gilberto , Soto Maria Antonieta , Corral Antonio
Published: January 2018

Let  be a set of points located in a rectangle  and  is a point that is not in . This article describes the design, implementation, and experimentation of different algorithms to solve the following two problems: (i) Maximum Empty Rectangle (MER), which consists in finding an empty rectangle with a maximum area contained in R and does not contain any point from   and (ii) Query Maximum Empty Rectangle (QMER), which consists in finding the rectangle with the same restrictions given for the MER problem but must also contain . It is assumed that both problems have insufficient main memory to store all the objects in set . According to the literature, both problems are very practical in fields such as data mining and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Specifically, the present study proposes two algorithms that assume that  is stored in secondary memory (mainly disk) and that it is impossible to store it completely in main memory. The first algorithm solves the QMER problem and consists of decreasing the size of S by using dominance areas and then processing the points that are not eliminated using an algorithm proposed by Orlowski (1990). The second algorithm solves the MER problem and consists of dividing R into four subrectangles that generate four subsets of similar size; these are processed using an algorithm proposed in Edmons  et al. (2003), and finally the partial solutions are combined to obtain a global solution. For the purpose of verifying algorithm efficiency, results are shown for a series of experiments that consider synthetic and real data.
CANONICAL STRUCTURE OF GAUGE INVARIANCE PROCA'S ELECTRODYNAMICS THEORY
Authors: Zambrano German E. , Pimentel Bruto M.
Published: January 2018

La electrodinámica de Proca describe una teoría de fotones masivos que no es invariante de gauge. En este trabajo se mostrará que la libertad de gauge es restaurada si un campo escalar es apropiadamente incorporado en la teoría. El método de Dirac es utilizado para realizar un detallado análisis de la estructura de vínculos de la misma. Apropiadas condiciones de gauge fueron derivadas con el fin de eliminar los vínculos de primera clase y obtener los corchetes de Dirac entre las variables dinámicas independientes. De manera alternativa, la formulación simplectica generalizada es utilizada para estudiar la teoría electromagnética de Proca invariante de gauge. Después de fijar el gauge, los corchetes generalizados son calculados y la equivalencia con los corchetes de Dirac es mostrada.
Predictores de la Felicidad y la Inteligencia Emocional en la Educación Secundaria
Authors: Pulido Acosta Federico , Herrera Clavero Francisco
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar los predictores de felicidad e inteligencia emocional, considerando edad, género, cultura y estatus, así como contemplar las relaciones entre las variables. Se contó con 811 participantes, de los cuales el 71.6% fueron musulmanes y el 28.4% cristianos, siendo el 46.1% varones y el 53.9% mujeres. Como instrumentos se han empleado un cuestionario para evaluar la felicidad y otro para valorar la inteligencia emocional. Los resultados reflejan que los predictores de la felicidad fueron edad, cultura, estatus y género, mientras que los de inteligencia emocional fueron edad, cultura y género. Se halló una relación estadísticamente significativa y directamente proporcional entre felicidad e inteligencia emocional.
Prevalencia de leptospirosis en Colombia: revisión sistemática de literatura
Authors: Carreño Buitrago Luis Alberto , Salas Botero Daniela , Beltrán Rios Karol Bibiana
Published: January 2018

Objetivo Realizar una revisión sistemática de literatura para identificar las prevalencias de leptospirosis en Colombia en el periodo de tiempo comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2012. Materiales y Métodos Se seleccionaron estudios descriptivos, realizados y publicados durante los años 2000 y 2012 sobre prevalencias de leptospirosis en humanos, animales y medio ambiente, por métodos diagnósticos de Microaglutinación (MAT) e Inmunoensayo (ELISA). Dentro de los criterios de exclusión, se tuvieron en cuenta estudios en idiomas diferentes al español, inglés y portugués, con determinación de prevalencias de leptospirosis por Inmunofluorescenia (IFI) o sueroaglutinación (SAT).Resultados De 91 artículos revisados en las diferentes bases de datos se seleccionaron 18 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, los cuales determinaron prevalencias de leptospirosis en hombres, caninos, bovinos, porcinos, primates y roedores, en los departamentos de Atlántico, Antioquia, Meta, Córdoba, Risaralda, Tolima, Boyacá, Quindío y Valle del Cauca.Conclusiones La revisión sistemática permitió determinar cuáles son los departamentos de país donde se concentra la investigación en leptospirosis y los autores que cuentan con mayor número de publicaciones sobre prevalencias. De igual manera se pudo evidenciar que las prevalencias encontradas están entre 6 % y el 35 % para humanos, 41 % y 60,9 % para bovinos, 10,3 % para porcinos, 12 % y 47,14 % para caninos, 23,07 % para primates no humanos y entre el 25 % y el 82,7 % en roedores, siendo las más altas. Los serovares de mayor circulación fueron Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, y Canicola.
Trayectoria de vida familiar y estilos de vida: hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus II
Authors: Mejía Jorge , Gómez Peñaloza Sheila Andrea
Published: January 2018

Objetivo Identificar la influencia de la trayectoria de vida familiar en la apropiación de estilos de vida de personas diagnosticadas con hipertensión arterial o diabetes mellitus II en la ciudad de Cali.Materiales y Métodos Estudio cualitativo-exploratorio-comparativo, inscrito en elcampo de la sociología médica. Se aplicó la técnica de entrevista semiestructurada.Resultados La trayectoria de vida familiar es un proceso dinámico y cambiante que abarca el origen del ciclo de vida hasta el momento actual. Incluye los comportamientos,las prácticas, los gustos, las percepciones de los sujetos y las relaciones de interacción.Este proceso se posibilita como resultado de la interacción de los sujetos con el contexto social que influencia su actuar.Conclusiones Los estilos de vida no son “simples o sencillas” prácticas individuales que configuran una determinada manera de vivir, sino construcciones sociales complejasy dinámicas que han sido permeadas por la relación de interacción, especialmente la familia ha hecho un aporte importante en este proceso. La manera en que los sujetos viven su proceso salud-enfermedad está influenciada por sus formar actuar,que permite un desenvolvimiento social configurado por su trayectoria vital, afectada por la clase social a la que pertenecen. Esta configuración marca una impronta paracomprender la razón por la cual les ha sido posible o no aprehender las prácticas e instrucciones dadas en los programas de control de hipertensión arterial y diabetes a los que están inscritos.
Determinantes del desempeño psicomotor en escolares de Barranquilla, Colombia
Authors: Palacio Durán Erika , Pinillos Patiño Yisel , Herazo Beltrán Yaneth , Galeano Muñoz Luisa , Prieto Suárez Edgar
Published: January 2018

Objetivo Establecer la prevalencia del perfil psicomotriz en niños de cuatro a ocho años de edad de los colegios de la localidad Norte Centro Histórico de la ciudad de Barranquilla.Método Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal realizado en 755 estudiantes de cuatro a ocho años de edad de colegios oficiales y privados. El perfil motriz se midió mediante la Batería Psicomotora (BPM) de Da Fonseca.Resultados Existe mayor riesgo para un desempeño apráxico-dispráxico del subfactor praxia global para los escolares de cuatro a cinco años [OR 4,8; IC 95 %; 3,3-7,1] que estudian en colegios oficiales [OR 4,4; IC 95 %; 2,7-7,3]; los que viven en estrato 1, 2 y 3 [OR 2,4; IC 95 %; 1,5-3,9] y quienes tienen un peso aumentado [OR 2; IC 95 %; 1,2-3,3].El mayor riesgo para un desempeño apráxico-dispráxico en praxia fina fue los participantes de cuatro a cinco años de edad [OR 3,7; IC 95 %; 2,7-5,3], para los estudiantes de colegios oficiales [OR 1,9; IC 95 %; 1,3-2,]. Un desempeño apráxico-dispráxico en elsubfactor estructuración espacio temporal es mayor en las niñas [OR 1,6; IC 95 %; 1,1-2,2], para los escolares de cuatro a cinco [OR 4,8; IC 95 %; 3,3-7,1]; en los que estudian en el sector oficial [OR 1,9; IC 95 %; 2,7-5,3]; para los que residen en estratos socioeconómicos 1, 2 y 3 [OR 1,6; IC 95 %; 1,1-2,7].Conclusiones Los determinantes como estudiar en colegios del sector oficial, estado nutricional, género y estrato socioeconómico están relacionados con el desempeño motor de los estudiantes.
Pensando la determinación social del proceso salud-enfermedad
Authors: Eslava Castañeda Juan Carlos
Published: January 2018

El artículo presenta la discusión epistemológica que subyace a la propuesta de la determinación social del proceso salud-enfermedad, enmarcando dicha discusión en la historia de la corriente de pensamiento llamada Medicina Social Latinoamericana y analizando la manera como dicha corriente plantea el estudio de los procesos de salud-enfermedad en las sociedades contemporáneas. Para tal fin, se elabora inicialmente un breve marco histórico luego se analizan las implicaciones epistemológicas del concepto de determinación social del proceso salud-enfermedad y, por último, se ilustra con tres ejemplos la manera como se aplican las ideas acerca de la determinación en el estudio concreto de la realidad.
La Salud Pública en los Zoológicos de Colombia. Un desafío para la Medicina Veterinaria
Authors: Agudelo-Suarez Ángela N.
Published: January 2018

Se presenta una reflexión sobre la situación actual del manejo de la salud pública en los zoológicos. A su vez busca identificar la importancia de esta problemática en la formación y en el ejercicio profesional de los médicos veterinarios. El manejo actual de la salud pública en los zoológicos de Colombia presenta debilidades que son potencialmente corregibles tanto desde la academia como de la práctica diaria de los profesionales directa o indirectamente relacionados; lo cual se convierte es un desafío tanto para las instituciones educativas de profesiones afines, los zoológicos y los Médicos Veterinarios. A pesar de que se han adelantado aproximaciones en el tema, todavía existe muy poca información respecto a este.
A Relativa Autonomia na Literatura Profissional do Serviço Social: elementos constitutivos do debate / The Relative Autonomy in Social Work Professional Literature: constituent elements of debate
Authors: Silva Juliana Alexandre da , Lopes de Souza Moema Amélia Serpa
Published: January 2018

Este breve ensaio busca apresentar um debate da relativa autonomia profissional a partir da produção teórica do Serviço Social. Adota a pesquisa bibliográfica como procedimento metodológico como possibilidade de identificar e problematizar a concepção teórica dos autores do Serviço Social sobre a temática em tela. Em síntese, aponta que o exercício da relativa autonomia é mediado tridimensionalmente, dado que sua sistematização prescinde da projeção ético-política da profissão, da direção teórico-metodológica que orienta a formação crítica e a intervenção profissional. Afirma que a relativa autonomia é um componente de resistência do Serviço Social frente ao cenário da ofensiva neoconservadora do capital.
A conjuntura brasileira e os impasses aos processos democráticos / The Brazilian conjuncture and the impasses to democratic processes
Authors: Prates Jane Cruz
Published: January 2018

Editorial.
DESENVOLVIMENTO PROFISSIONAL EM COMUNIDADES DE APRENDIZAGEM DOCENTE
Authors: Crecci Vanessa Moreira , Fiorentini Dario
Published: January 2018

RESUMO: Neste artigo, temos por objetivo relacionar projeções de desenvolvimento profissional e de profissionalidade a diferentes tipos de comunidades de aprendizagem docente. Para tanto, realizamos uma discussão a partir da descrição de diferentes modos de organização dessas comunidades. Em seguida, discorremos sobre as características subjacentes às comunidades fronteiriças, nas quais pesquisadores, professores e futuros professores trabalham de modo colaborativo, sem a regulação da universidade ou da escola. Ao final desta discussão, conclui-se que, por mais que as metodologias sejam aparentemente inovadoras, tornam-se necessárias avaliações dos processos formativos e reflexões cuidadosas sobre os aspectos subjacentes às comunidades de aprendizagem docente.
PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSA DE INICIAÇÃO À DOCÊNCIA (PIBID): DESEMPENHO DE BOLSISTAS VERSUS NÃO BOLSISTAS
Authors: Araujo Adriana Castro , Andriola Wagner Bandeira , Coelho Afrânio de Araújo
Published: January 2018

Resumo: Relatam-se resultados de estudo com o objetivo de comparar o desempenho acadêmico de bolsistas do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) com não bolsistas, considerando-se (a) o conceito dos cursos no Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (ENADE) e (b) o turno de funcionamento destes cursos. A população pesquisada foi composta por 2.193 egressos das licenciaturas da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), referente ao período 2009.2 a 2015.1, dos quais 1.924 não foram bolsistas do PIBID (87,7%) e 209 foram bolsistas do PIBID (12,3%). Constatou-se que as maiores médias de rendimento acadêmico estiveram associadas aos licenciados ex-bolsistas do PIBID, independentemente do conceito do curso no ENADE, bem como do turno de funcionamento deste. Os resultados demonstraram a relevância do PIBID para a formação dos universitários, posto que foram identificadas diferenças substantivas na qualidade do aprendizado dos ex-bolsistas, expressas pelas maiores médias de desempenho, em comparação aos licenciados que não foram bolsistas do PIBID.
Práticas Intervencionistas e Seus Efeitos sobre o Comércio Internacional de Soja: uma análise a partir de um Modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Computável e da Teoria dos Jogos
Authors: Sanguinet Eduardo Rodrigues , Siqueira Luciana Valentim , Coronel Daniel Arruda , Schultz Glauco
Published: January 2018

Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou analisar o comércio bilateral entre Brasil e os principais atuantes na comercialização internacional da soja - Argentina, Estados Unidos e China - com a pretensão de verificar como a prática de determinadas ações de intervenção na agricultura e no comércio influenciam mudanças no panorama do comércio dessa commodity. Nesse sentido, simularam-se cenários elaborados a partir de práticas comerciais adotadas por esses países, cujos resultados de equilíbrio foram obtidos com o Modelo de Equilíbrio Geral Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) e analisados a partir da Teoria dos Jogos. Esses resultados foram utilizados para construir a matriz de payoffs, associadas às estratégias comerciais dos países que eram os jogadores. Os resultados permitiram verificar que as políticas de incentivo à produção são formas eficazes de os governos tornarem seus países mais competitivos e obterem ganhos comerciais sobre, ou em conjunto, com os demais. Observou-se que a China pode se tornar um importante concorrente para os exportadores de soja, dependendo da política adotada pelo governo e as instituições chinesas. Concluiu-se que o acesso a mercados é a principal fonte de ganhos de comércio para os produtos do complexo de soja e que a eliminação das tarifas às importações desses produtos traz ganhos expressivos para o Brasil, os Estados Unidos e a Argentina, além das formas de subsidiar a produção e/ou as exportações.
Coletar ou Cultivar: as escolhas dos produtores de açaí-da-mata (Euterpe precatoria) do Amazonas
Authors: Martinot Jan Feldmann , Pereira Henrique dos Santos , Silva Suzy Cristina Pedroza da
Published: January 2018

Resumo: A crescente demanda de mercado por produtos florestais não madeireiros oferece uma oportunidade de desenvolvimento econômico que poderia aliar a inclusão social produtiva de agricultores familiares com a conservação dos ecossistemas florestais. No entanto, o aumento da produção poderá significar a substituição do manejo extrativo das florestas pelo monocultivo, anulando seus efeitos positivos quanto à conservação das florestas. Buscou-se identificar os fatores determinantes que levam os agricultores familiares tradicionais do baixo rio Manacapuru a se engajarem na atividade extrativista ou de cultivo do açaí-da-mata (Euterpe precatória), a espécie nativa do estado do Amazonas. Dado que a coleta extrativa dos frutos é feita mediante a escala das árvores, a decisão de produção parece depender principalmente da oferta de mão de obra masculina jovem, de trabalhadores com a habilidade e força física para realizar essa tarefa. Já a decisão de cultivo pode estar associada à maior disponibilidade de capital financeiro que as famílias obtêm da renda das atividades agrícolas. As famílias que cultivam o açaí mantiveram a prática de coleta extrativa, indicando que o plantio de pequenas áreas de cultivos consorciados representa uma estratégia de aumento da produção sem que necessariamente haja a completa substituição do extrativismo pelo cultivo da espécie.
A Independência da Escolha dos Canais de Marketing nas Rendas dos Produtores Orgânicos Americanos
Authors: Scalco Andréa Rossi , Souza Roberta , Campos-Silva Willerson Lucas , Baker Gregory
Published: January 2018

Resumo: Uma das atividades relacionadas às estratégias de captura valor na atividade produtiva de orgânico refere-se à escolha dos canais adequados de distribuição dos produtos. A literatura aponta a importância de analisar os ganhos dos pequenos produtores com respeito aos canais de distribuição de produtos orgânicos. A literatura indica que a comercialização em canais diretos pode fazer com que pequenos produtores possam capturar maior valor e, consequentemente, incrementar sua renda. Foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica no estado da Califórnia, nos Estados Unidos da América, por meio de um survey com 60 produtores de orgânicos, a fim de identificar se os canais de distribuição diretos são prioritariamente utilizados por pequenos produtores. Os resultados indicam que a escolha dos canais de distribuição, venda direta ou indireta, além do tipo de canal dentro dessa categorização, não está diretamente relacionado apenas à renda que o produtor pode obter. Há indicações de que a escolha do canal adequado esteja mais relacionada às motivações do produtor rural, em relação à qualidade de vida e perspectivas de crescimento do seu negócio, além da opção pela diversificação dos canais para diminuir os riscos envolvidos na comercialização de seus produtos.
The symbolic dimension of prenatal nutrition care in diabetes Mellitus
Authors: MACHADO Raphaela Corrêa Monteiro , BAIÃO Mirian Ribeiro , LÍBERA Beatriz Della , SAUNDERS Cláudia , SANTOS Marta Maria Antonieta de Souza
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objective Aimed at analysing the symbolic dimension of prenatal nutritional care in diabetes. Methods Participants were 17 puerperal adults diagnosed with previous or gestational diabetes. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data. The data were interpreted according to an adaptation of Bardin’s Thematic Content Analysis. Results The main meaning of diabetes was the need for changing eating habits. Nutritional care based on the Traditional Method or the Carbohydrate Counting Method was understood as an opportunity for dietary re-education. Weight loss was considered desirable by some participants, albeit against the advice of nutritionists. Pregnant women adopted the standard meal plan, rarely used the food substitution list, and reported occasional dietary transgressions, self-allowed in small portions. Foods containing sucrose were perceived as less harmful to health than added sugars. Conclusion Each pregnant woman experienced prenatal nutritional care in diabetes not as a dietary method, but as part of her lifestyle.
Anthropometric and hematological tests to diagnose nutritional deficiencies in schoolchildren of indigenous communities living in the Andean region of Ecuador
Authors: ROBALINO FLORES Ximena del Rocío , BALLADARES SALTOS Aida Mercedes , GUERENDIAIN MARGNI Marcela Esther , MORALES MARÍN Fátima
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT Objective To carry out the anthropometric and biometric-hematological assessments in schoolchildren of the Andean region of Ecuador, in order to improve the diagnosis of nutritional deficiencies. Methods The study has been carried out in the San Juan School (Chimborazo, Ecuador), located at 3,240m of altitude, to 36 children of 5 and 6 years old. Anthropometric analyses (weight, height and body mass index), and hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were measured. The hemoglobin measurement was evaluated considering the normal value and the one adapted to the altitude of the area. Results The schoolchildren showed high prevalence of stunting (44%). The values of hematocrit (.=0.001) and hemoglobin (.=0.003) were higher in girls. It should be highlighted that using the normal value of hemoglobin, anemia was not detected. However almost a fifth of the schoolchildren studied were diagnosed with anemia when we applied the correction factors adapted to the altitude. Conclusion The use of correction factors adapted to the altitude is considered essential to do the hematology test in populations that live in high altitude in order to avoid a false diagnosis. Moreover, it is necessary to establish the environmental factors related to the stunted growth of this population of the Andean region.