bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RNA Language in Colorectal Cancer Using an Integrative Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Kadkhoda Sepideh , Darbeheshti Farzaneh , Rezaei Nima , Azizi-Tabesh Ghasem , Zolfaghari Faezeh , Tavakolibazaz Sadollah , Taslimi Reza , Tavakkoly-Bazzaz Javad
Published: March 2020

Background: Identification of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), especially circRNAs, have become new hotspots in cancer researches. Although, their roles and underlying mechanisms in colorectal cancer (CRC) development remain mostly unknown. The aim of this study was to integrate both coding and non-coding available microarray data in development of CRC coupled with bioinformatics analyses to understand a more inclusive pathobiologic map regarding their molecular interactions and functions. Methods: The microarray data were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed. Several bioinformatics tools and databases including CircInteractome, CSCD, miRTarbBase, TargetScan, miRmap, GEPIA, STRING, Enrichr, DAVID, and MCODE were applied for further elucidation. Principal component analysis (PCA) has seperatly run for four datasets. The dysregulated circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network in CRC was constructed by Cytoscape. In addition, co-expression and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were established based on differentially expressed (DE) protein coding genes in CRC. Results: PCA disclose colorectal tumor and normal tissuses could be distinguished not only by mRNAs expression profile, but also by both circRNAs and miRNAs expression profiles. We identified 14 DE mRNAs (commonly between two datasets), 85 DE miRNAs and 36 DE circRNAs in CRC tissues compared with normal tissues. Taking their potential interactions into account, a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed. Then, according to ceRNA hypothesis, the axes with expression in the desired direction were extracted. Our results disclosed some DE circRNAs with potential oncogenic (circ_0014879) or tumor suppressive (circ_0001666 and circ_0000977) effects. Finally, PPI network suggests pivotal roles for DOCK2 and PTPRC dysregulation in progression of CRC, possibly by facilitating of tumor escape from immune surveillance. Conclusion: Current study proposes a novel regulatory network consisting of DE circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in CRC development that in turn highlights the roles of DE circRNAs at the upstream of oncotranscriptomic cascade in CRC development, suggesting their potentiality to be utilized as both prognostic and therapeutic biomarker.
The regeneration of Acer rubrum L. "October Glory" through embryonic callus
Authors: Dai Chongwen , YAN Yang-yang , Liu Yumin , LIU Ya-min , DENG Yuan-wei , YAO Hong-yu
Published: March 2020

Background Landscape industry has been recognized as the "eternal sunrise industry", however, the introduction and cultivation of colored-leaf trees in southern China is relatively vacant.Results The results showed that the induction effect of the stem was the best for the embryogenic callus, and the regenerated plant with genetic stability was obtained. The MS (Murashige&Skoog) +0.8 mg/L TDZ (Thidiazuron) +1.0 mg/L 6-BA (6-Benzylaminopurine) +0.5 mg/L NAA (1-naphthlcetic acid) +35 g/L sucrose+7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium was the best for callus formation. When selecting type VI callus as embryonic callus induction material, MS+0.6 mg/L TDZ+0.5 mg/L 6-BA +2.0 mg/L IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid) +35 g/L sucrose+7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium can get embryonic callus. The optimal medium for adventitious bud induction is MS+1.0 mg/L TDZ+3.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+1.2 mg/L IAA+35 g/L sucrose+7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium.The induction rate of adventitious roots in MS+0.6 mg/L TDZ+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+3 mg/L NAA+35 g/L sucrose+7.5 g/L semi-fixed medium was the highest, reaching 76%.Conclusion In the course of our research, we found that PGRs play an important role in the callus induction stage, and the effect of TDZ is particularly obvious; The callus cells grow and proliferate according to the "S" growth curve, and can be subcultured when the highest growth point is reached to maintain the rapid proliferation of the callus cells and to avoid inactivation of callus caused by tight niche.
Clinical efficacy of intraoperative ultrasound for margin assessment in breast conserving surgery
Authors: Lee Jeeyeon , Park Ho Yong , Kim Wan Wook , Park Chan Sub , Ji Yungeun , Kim Hye Jung , Kim Won Hwa , Park Ji-Young , Park Jee-Young , Chae Yee Soo , Lee Soo Jung , Jung Jin Hyang
Published: March 2020

Background: Surgical margin negativity is highly related to local recurrence of breast cancer. The authors performed this study to evaluate if specimen mammography or ultrasonography can replace the frozen section procedure for surgical margins. Methods: One-hundred fifty five patients with breast cancer were included in this study. After the surgery, the frozen biopsies were assessed in more than three different directions, and all specimens were analyzed with mammography and ultrasonography. The clinicopathologic characteristics of the patients were assessed, and closest tumor margin–resection margin distance (TM–RM distance) to the tumor was compared among specimen mammography, ultrasonography, and pathology. Results: On comparing initial cases of positive and negative margins, the mean closest TM–RM distance in specimen ultrasonography and final pathologic reports was statistically different between both groups (DCIS: p < 0.001, p = 0.006; IDC: p = 0.042, p = 0.022). Conclusion: When the closest TM–RM distance is less than 1.8 mm in specimen ultrasonography, the frozen section cannot be waived because of high risk of margin positivity. However, if the closest TM–RM distance is >4 mm in specimen ultrasonography, the frozen section can be omitted carefully because of the very low risk of margin positivity.
Effect of prophylactic anticoagulation on incidence of venous thromboembolism in testicular germ cell tumor patients
Authors: Hapakova Nikola , Chovanec Michal , Rejlekova Katarina , Kalavska Katarina , Obertova Jana , Palacka Patrik , De Angelis Valentina , Sycova-Mila Zuzana , Mardiak Jozef , Mego Michal
Published: March 2020

Background Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are among the most common solid tumors in young males. With the availability of highly effective treatment, improving patients’ quality of life has gained more focus in recent years. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), commonly occurring in GCT patients, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic anticoagulation has been shown to decrease the risk of VTE in patients with malignancy. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) prophylaxis on incidence of VTE and outcome in GCT patients treated with first-line chemotherapy. Methods Our study population included chemotherapy-naive GCT patients treated with first-line chemotherapy at the National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia from January 2000 to December 2017. VTE was defined as any venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, confirmed by imaging, occurring during first-line chemotherapy. Patients diagnosed with VTE on initial staging exam were excluded from the study. No visceral thromboses were observed. Results Our cohort included 353 GCT patients. LMWH prophylaxis was administered to 104 patients (29.5%), 249 patients (70.5%) did not receive prophylaxis. We observed 14 (4.0%) VTE events. The difference in VTE incidence between patients with and without prophylaxis was not statistically significant (5.8% vs. 3.2% P = 0.37). We have observed a trend to longer overall survival in patients without prophylaxis (hazard ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.32-1.13, P = 0.08). Patients with extragonadal GCT receiving VTE prophylaxis had significantly shorter survival. (hazard ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval = 0.08-1.12, P = 0.04). This effect was most likely driven by higher incidence of treatment related deaths in patients with extragonadal GCT receiving LMWH. ( P = 0.06) Conclusions LMWH prophylaxis was not associated with decreased VTE incidence. Moreover, there was a higher incidence of treatment related deaths in patients with extragonadal tumor location. LMWH prophylaxis during hospitalization should not be used routinely in GCT patients receiving chemotherapy.
Inequality in health service utilization among migrant and local children: a cross-sectional survey of children aged 0–14 years in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Ke Xiatong , Zhang Liang , Tang Wenxi
Published: March 2020

Background: Shenzhen has the largest number of migrant children of all cities in China. Unequal access to basic health services among migrant and local children greatly affects health equity and has a profound impact on the quality of human capital. This study aimed to investigate differences in child health management service utilization between local and migrant children in the Futian District of Shenzhen and to identify factors influencing these differences.Methods: This study extracted the data on child health management in the Futian District of Shenzhen from the 2018 Survey of Health Service Needs of Chinese Residents in the New Era. The chi-square test was used to analyze differences between local and migrant children, and specific factors affecting child health management service utilization were analyzed with binary logistic regression.Results: In this study, 1512 families in 12 communities in Futian District, Shenzhen were investigated. Among this families, 936 participants were aged 0-14 years, and the final effective sample size was 508. The greatest difference between migrant and local children was in the utilization of development guidance services (59% vs. 77.5%, P < 0.001). The main factors influencing physical examination, development guidance, disease prevention guidance, injury prevention guidance, oral health guidance and mental health guidance service utilization were mother’s educational level, household registration, father’s educational level, father’s occupation and annual family income, household registration, the child’s sex and father’s occupation, respectively. The odds of having used disease prevention guidance were 2.257 times higher among children whose fathers had an undergraduate education or above compared with children whose fathers had a junior high school education or below (95% CI: 1.417–3.595). The odds of having used injury prevention guidance were 46.3% lower for children whose fathers were mixed white-/blue-collar workers compared with children whose fathers were white-collar workers (OR = 0.537, 95% CI: 0.361–0.799). The odds of having used mental health guidance were 52.2% lower among children whose fathers were mixed white-/blue-collar workers compared with those whose fathers were white-collar workers (OR = 0.478, 95% CI: 0.293–0.777).Conclusions: In the Futian District of Shenzhen, health management service utilization is significantly lower among migrant children than among local children. Father’s educational level and occupation limit the utilization of child health management services for migrant children. Fathers have a stronger influence on children’s health service utilization than do mothers. The potential influence of fathers in promoting children’s health maintenance should be carefully considered, and fathers’ attention to children’s health should be increased.
Detecting fitness epistasis in recent admixed populations with genome-wide data
Authors: Ni Xumin , Zhou Mengshi , Wang Heming , He Karen , Broeckel Uli , Hanis Craig , Kardia Sharon , Redline Susan , Cooper Richard , Tang Hua , Zhu Xiaofeng
Published: March 2020

Background: Fitness epistasis, the interaction effect of genes at different loci on fitness, has an important contribution for adaptive evolution. Although fitness interaction evidence has been observed in model organisms, it is less detectable and remains poorly understood in human populations owing to the limited statistical power and experimental constraints. Fitness epistasis is inferred from non-independence between unlinked loci. We previously observed ancestral block correlation between chromosomes 4 and 6 in African Americans. The same approach fails when examining ancestral blocks on the same chromosome due to strong confounding effect in a recently admixed population. Results: We developed a novel approach to eliminate the bias caused by admixture linkage disequilibrium when searching for fitness epistasis on the same chromosome. We applied this approach in 16,252 unrelated African Americans and identified significant ancestral correlations in two pairs of genomic regions (P-value<8.11×10-7) on chromosomes 1 and 10. The ancestral correlations were not explained by population admixture. Historical African-European crossover events are reduced between pair of epistatic regions. We observed multiple pairs of co-expressed genes between the two regions on each chromosome, including ADAR being co-expressed with IFI44 in almost all tissues and DARC being co-expressed with VCAM1, S1PR1 and ELTD1 in multiple tissues in GTEx. Moreover, the co-expressed gene pairs are associated with the same diseases/traits in the GWAS Catalog, such as white blood cell count, blood pressure, lung function, inflammatory bowel disease and educational attainment. Conclusions: Our analyses revealed two instances of fitness epistasis on chromosomes 1 and 10, and the findings suggest a potential approach to better understand adaptive evolution.
The role of exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in heart transplantation tolerance
Authors: Zhu Jinguo , Zheng Junmeng
Published: March 2020

Background: CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+ Treg cells) play major roles in immune regulation. Previous studies showed CD4+CD25+ Treg cells can maintain peripheral immune tolerance and increase survival time of transplanted organs. However, the biological characteristics and the functional roles of these exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in transplantation tolerance remain unknown. The current study was conducted to observe the effect of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells on heart allograft in rats and to investigate the underlying mechanism of the exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells.Methods: 5 x 107 spleen cells of SD rats were inoculated into the thymus gland of Wistar rats. The level of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells was examined by the flow cytometry method, and the biological activity of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells was detected by the 3H-TdR method. Hearts were transplanted from SD rats (donors) to Wistar rats (recipients) and the animals were assigned into four groups: HT, HT+Ii,HT+Treg, HT+Treg+Ii. At various time points after the transplantation, the transplanted hearts were collected and histologically examined. The rate of lymphocyte apoptosis and T cell subsets in the peripheral blood of Wistar rats were analyzed with flow cytometry.Results: The CD4+CD25+ Treg cells in Wistar rats were sharply increased. The results show that these exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells have a significant inhibitory effect: the mean survival time of the transplanted hearts was 8.1 ± 1.2 days, 35.7 ± 4.7 days，53.7 ± 6.2 days, 75.7 ± 11.3 days in HT, HT+Ii, HT+Treg, and HT+Ii+Treg group, respectively (n = 12-14/group). Among them, HT vs. HT+Treg and HT vs. HT+Treg+Ii were both significantly different (p < 0.001). In addition, we found that exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells improved the pathological changes of the transplanted hearts, increased the rate of lymphocyte apoptosis, upregulated CD3+CD8+T cells, and suppressed CD3+CD4+ T cells.Conclusions: Exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells appear to induce heart transplantation tolerance. The underlying mechanism is associated with the exogenous CD4+CD25+ Treg cells-dependent induction of lymphocyte apoptosis and modulation of the ratio of T cell subsets.
The Reversed Halo Sign in COVID-19 Pneumonia
Authors: Zhao Huifang , Liang Ting , Wu Carol C. , Jin Chao , liu Zhe , Wang Yan , Liu Yang , Li Hao , Wang Zekun , Zhou Jie , Liang Yukun , Zhou Heping , Wang Xibin , Ren Zhuanqin , Yang Jian
Published: March 2020

ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency and time course of RHS on CT in patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.Materials and methodsA total of 147 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were divided into mild, moderate, severe and critical categories. The number, location, shape, wall appearance of RHS on CT were analyzed. Other parenchymal abnormalities include GGO, consolidation and linear opacity were also recorded.ResultsRHS was observed in 37 (25.2%) of 147 patients and it was more common in patients with moderate disease than severe or critical disease (31.3% vs. 13.0%, P = 0.019). Time from symptom onset to appearance of RHS was 9 ± 5 days in moderate patients and 14 ± 8 days in severe/critical patients. A total of 64 RHS lesions were identified and the majority of lesions were located in peripheral aspect of lungs (55, 85.9%) and lower lobes (52, 81.2%). All lesions with RHS were round or oval-shaped. The rim of RHS were smooth in 54 (84.4%) and irregular in 10 (15.6%). Follow-up CT scans of 27 patients (50 lesions) showed 43(86%) lesions gradually resolved or developed into GGO and linear opacities and 7(14%) lesions remained unchanged appearance.ConclusionsRHS occurred sooner after symptom onset and with higher frequency in patients with moderate compared to those with severe or critical disease. RHS may represent a favorable prognostic sign in COVID-19 pneumonia.Key Points• 37 (25.2%) of 147 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had RHS on at least one CT• RHS was more prevalent in patients with moderate disease than those with severe or critical disease• RHSs (78.4%) mostly occurred within 2 weeks after symptom onset
Development of a structural-functional model for the implementation of the methodological approach to assessing the business network effectiveness
Authors: Dykan Valeria , Pakharenko Oleksandr
Published: March 2020

During the economic crisis, to ensure sustainable development, the use of network forms of business organization in Ukraine is one of the most effective. However, given that business networks are hierarchical organizations, the problem of continuous monitoring of economic activity is updated to make the necessary effective management decisions. In this paper, using the structural and functional modeling method, a model is developed, which is an integral part of the methodological approach to assessing the business network effectiveness. The model combines empirical, theoretical and mathematical approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the network-based business organization and is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of business network activity. This approach ensures the objectivity of evaluating the properties of its functioning. A system of factors for a qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of a business network functioning was determined by an expert assessment method involving 40 managers of four companies in Ukraine. Determining the result deviations, in comparison with the accepted factors of the qualitative characteristics of networks, reveals the existing trends in the development of future events in terms of the risk of certain types of the business network activity. The results obtained are practical and will be useful for business network managers in developing an effective management strategy.
Data envelopment analysis for measuring performance in a competitive market
Authors: Fenyves Veronika , Tarnóczi Tibor
Published: March 2020

In today’s increasingly competitive markets, it is essential to be able to determine the position of a company as opposed to its competitors. Today the traditional financial ratios are most widely used to measure corporate performance, but more and more authors begin to criticize their use. It is difficult to use financial ratios as a complex measurement tool. It is crucial to use an appropriate method or tool to measure corporate performance, which can measure the company’s performance in a complex way represented by one indicator. In this study, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is used, which is one of the potential tools available. Several researchers have used the DEA method to measure corporate performance. Many authors consider DEA as a useful tool for measuring corporate performance, while others criticize it. The authors analyze the performance of retail food companies in Hungary’s Northern Great Plain region. The companies analyzed were chosen from the region investigated, and they have “food retail grocery store” as their main activity, and they had six cleared annual reports in the period 2012–2017. There was a total of 887 companies in the region examined, and 563 (63.5%) met the conditions. The analysis was made using the time-series data of companies for 2012–2017 based on their financial reports, and the authors dealt with various possibilities for extending DEA, which can support its more accurate use. Based on evaluating the retail food companies’ performance in the Northern Great Plain region, one can state that the efficiency of companies shows a very mixed picture over the years examined. The study suggests solutions to the indicated problem. The findings indicate that the application of extended DEA methods gives better results; that is, one can get better estimates of the efficiency of companies.
Effects of foundation mass on dynamic responses of beams subjected to moving oscillators
Authors: Nguyen T. Phuoc , Pham D. Trung , Hoang P. Hoa
Published: March 2020

This paper aims at the effects of foundation mass on the dynamic responses of beams subjected to moving oscillators. To achieve this aim, experiments were performed for a beam resting on the foundation considering effects of the foundation model including linear elastic spring, shear layer, viscous damping. In addition, special effects of mass density of foundation during vibration were established to obtain the characteristic parameter of the influence of foundation mass based on natural circular frequency of the structure system determined from FFT plots of the time history of acceleration data. Furthermore, the experimental parameters were used to analyze the influence of the foundation mass on the dynamic response of the beam subjected to moving oscillator. Comparisons between experimental and simulated results showed that the foundation mass showed significant effects on the dynamic characteristic response of the beam system. It increased the general vibrating mass of the structure system. Hence, it decreased of the natural frequency of the structural system and caused a significant increase on the dynamic response of the beam when compared with the case without considering the foundation mass. Finally, the relationships between the foundation properties and the parameters of foundation mass were derived and discussed.
Nightmares in Medical Practice
Authors: Kalinchuk Anna Valerievna , Antsyborov Andrey Viktorovich
Published: March 2020

Nightmares are scary or disturbing dreams which are associated with negative feelings, such as fear, terror or disgust. These feelings oftentimes awake the dreamer, who can easily recollect the content of the nightmare. Nightmares are not necessarily a symptom of a disease. Moreover, nightmares with little emotional response are experienced by almost all people once in a while without any risk for their health. However, nightmares that occur frequently and disturb the sleep might lead to clinically significant impairments in social, professional and other areas of life. They are considered a sleep disorder (parasomnia) and require a proper treatment. This review discusses the theoretical models of nightmares, their causes, diagnostics and treatment strategies.
Some Features of Teaching Chinese to Russian Students. The Verb-Classifier Complement
Authors: Qiu Wen
Published: March 2020

The problem of verb-classifier complement in teaching Chinese as a foreign language is very difficult to solve. Its difficulty of learning is that the Chinese complement itself is very complex. This paper studies the main grammatical features of this kind of complement, provides an analysis of possible mistakes and reasons when using it, and the tactics of teaching the complement in Chinese as a foreign language classes, as well as a lot of examples.
Significance of Organizing Security Services of the Territorial Bodies of the Russian MIA Under Emergency Circumstances as a Factor of Social and Political Stability in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shelestov Aleksei Genrikhovich
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the relationship between the stable functioning of the political system of the Russian Federation and the country's national security, through the implementation of the law enforcement function in emergency situations by the internal affairs bodies of Russia, taking into account the specifics of organizing rear services support.
El comercio en Sonora: una visión desde la perspectiva de su evolución
Authors: Bocanegra Gastelum Carmen O.
Published: March 2020

El comercio es una de las actividades más antiguas en la historia del hombre. Si bien éste comenzó con el trueque de bienes para la supervivencia diaria, con el transcurso de los siglos ha alcanzado un alto grado de complejidad expresado, entre otras cosas, en el tipo y volumen de mercancías que se intercambian, así como en las características de los establecimientos en los cuales se lleva a cabo el proceso de oferta-demanda. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las distintas etapas por las cuales ha transcurrido el comercio en Sonora, con particular énfasis en el último cuarto de siglo, periodo en el que la competencia comercial ha experimentado transformaciones profundas relacionadas con el tamaño, origen y conformación de los establecimientos, la inducción de formas de consumo, la distribución espacial y los vínculos entre lo global y lo local.
Experiencias de la Economía Social y Solidaria en la Argentina
Authors: Abramovich Ana Luz , Vázquez Gonzalo
Published: March 2020

En este artículo intentamos reseñar brevemente las ideas centrales de la propuesta de la economía social y solidaria (ESyS), y describir algunas de las experiencias desarrolladas en nuestro país que pueden conformar espacios de esta economía alternativa. Partiendo de los múltiples aportes, tanto teóricos como desde la práctica, tomamos aquellas ideas que compartimos y que creemos permiten ilustrar esta propuesta. Trabajamos especialmente la discusión en torno a una economía alternativa y su articulación dentro del sistema imperante. Incluimos dos experiencias (empresas recuperadas y trueque) que son usualmente citadas dentro del campo de la ESyS, y una tercera (el Frenapo, Frente Nacional contra la Pobreza) a la que no se suele enmarcar en este campo.
Convergencia absoluta y condicional en los municipios del estado de Sonora, 1989-2004
Authors: Bracamontes Neváre Joaquín , Escamilla Díaz Antonio
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo pretende identificar la existencia de convergencia, tanto absoluta como condicional, para los municipios que conforman el estado de Sonora. Tomando como base el ejercicio metodológico de Mankiw, Romer y Weill (1992) que consideran primero el modelo de Solow (1956) y luego le hacen una ampliación incluyendo el capital humano, se encontró evidencia de que no hay una tendencia a que los municipios pobres crezcan más rápido que los municipios ricos, lo que significa que no hay un proceso de convergencia –ni absoluta ni condicional– en los municipios de Sonora, independientemente del estrato de desarrollo en el que éstos se encuentren clasificados: municipios con desarrollo alto, medio o bajo.
Comprehensive analysis of the strength and safety of potentially hazardous facilities subject to uncertainties
Authors: Makhutov N. A. , Reznikov D. O.
Published: March 2020

Aim. This paper aims to compare the two primary approaches to ensuring the structural strength and safety of potentially hazardous facilities, i.e. the deterministic approach that is based on ensuring standard values of a strength margin per primary limit state mechanisms, and the probabilistic approach, under which the strength condition criterion is the nonexceedance by the target values of probability of damage per various damage modes of the standard maximum allowable values.

. The key problem of ensuring the structural strength is the high level of uncertainties that are conventionally subdivided into two types: (1) the uncertainties due to the natural variation of the parameters that define the load-carrying ability of a system and the load it is exposed to, and (2) the uncertainties due to the human factor (the limited nature of human knowledge of a system and possibility of human error at various stages of system operation). The methods of uncertainty mitigation depend on the approach applied to strength assurance: under the deterministic approach the random variables “load” and “carrying capacity” are replaced with deterministic values, i.e. their mathematical expectations, while the fulfillment of the strength conditions subject to uncertainties is ensured by introducing the condition that the relation of the mathematical expectation of the loadcarrying capacity and strength must exceed the standard value of strength margin that, in turn, must be greater than unity. As part of the probabilistic approach, the structural strength is assumed to be ensured if the estimated probability of damage per the given mechanism of limit state attainment does not exceed the standard value of the probability of damage.

Conclusions. The two approaches (deterministic and probabilistic) can be deemed equivalent only in particular cases. The disadvantage of both is the limited capability to mitigate the uncertainties of the second type defined by the effects of the human factor, as well as the absence of a correct procedure of accounting for the severity of consequences caused by the attainment of the limit state. The above disadvantages can be overcome if risk-based methods are used in ensuring structural strength and safety. Such methods allow considering uncertainties of the second type and explicitly taking into consideration the criticality of consequences of facility destruction.
UM ESTUDO DE CASO SOBRE METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS EM PROJETOS COM ALUNOS DE ENSINO MÉDIO NO CONTEXTO DE VIDEOAULAS PARA SURDOS
Authors: Schefer Ricardo Pezzotti , Furnival Ariadne Chloe Mary
Published: March 2020

Os alunos surdos de Ensino Médio apresentam grande dificuldade para acompanhar os conteúdos das aulas. Em grande parte, esse problema se deve pela falha na comunicação, tendo em vista que a maioria desses jovens utiliza a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) para se comunicar e têm dificuldade com o Português. Ainda que hajam leis que garantam recursos de acessibilidade, como a presença de interpretes em sala de aula, a realidade das escolas é bem diferente. De outro lado, as tecnologias avançam proporcionando melhores formas de comunicação. Porém o aluno de Ensino Médio, ainda que conheça tais tecnologias, não conhece-as o suficiente para fazer o uso adequado das mesmas. As metodologias ativas empregadas em caráter interdisciplinar e orientadas pelo professor podem garantir o uso adequado dessas tecnologias em prol de um melhor ensino-aprendizado. Este projeto apresenta um estudo de caso, com o objetivo de empregar metodologias ativas na construção de videoaulas para alunos surdos. Os resultados apresentaram um grande engajamento do aluno, em particular pelo caráter de acessibilidade da situação problema, e também pelas dinâmicas trabalhadas em grupos.Palavras-chave: Educação. Inclusão social. Tecnologia assistiva. Acessibilidade. Surdo.
FATORES DE ENGAJAMENTO E CONFIANÇA NO MARKETING DE CONTEÚDO: revisão teórica
Authors: Lofrano Guilherme Zanotto , Coelho Taiane Ritta , Botelho-Francisco Rodrigo Eduardo
Published: March 2020

Estudo sobre Marketing de Conteúdo. Visa identificar na literatura os fatores que influenciam no engajamento e na confiança em conteúdos disponibilizados por empresas na internet como forma de marketing. Realiza revisão sistemática em artigos relacionados com o tema de quatro repositórios de dados, sendo dois nacionais e dois internacionais. Identifica 12 fatores que influenciam o engajamento e a confiança no marketing de conteúdo feito na internet, sendo eles divididos em três categorias: tipo do conteúdo, formato e relevância. Verifica que carência de pesquisas que estudam especificamente fatores de confiança no marketing de conteúdo. Conclui que existe possibilidade de avanços no estudo sobre o tema, principalmente com avaliações dos fatores identificados junto a especialistas em marketing de conteúdo e pessoas que interagem com conteúdos no dia a dia.Palavras-chave: Marketing de Conteúdo. Marketing Digital. Interação com Conteúdo Digital.
Expression of Brazzein, A Small Sweet-Tasting Protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: An Introduction for Production of Sweet Yeasts
Authors: Kazemi-Nasab Akram , Shahpiri Azar
Published: March 2020

Background:

The replacement of carbohydrate sweeteners with protein sweeteners from plants has attracted the interest of researchers because these proteins don’t trigger the insulin response and are more nutritive for consumption in food. Brazzein (Braz) is a small and heat- stable sweet protein that has been originally derived from African plant Pentadiplandra brazzeana. In the present work the solubility, sweetness and yield of recombinant forms of Braz in two expression hosts, E. coli and S. cerevisiae were comprised.

Methods:

The codon-optimized gene of Braz was cloned in expression vectors pET28a and pET41a and GPD. The resulted vectors pET28a-Braz and pEt41a-Braz were transformed into Escherichia coli strain Rosetta (DE3) and the vector GPD-Braz was transformd to S. cerevisiae. The expression of Braz in different systems was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and western blotting.

Results:

The results verified the heterologous expression of Braz in S. cerevisiae carrying GPDBraz. Also the expression of Braz as carboxy-terminal extensions of His-tag and Glutathione-STransferase (GST) were verified in transgenic E. coli containing pET28a-Braz and pET41a-Braz, respectively.

Conclusion:

Although the yield of GST-Braz was higher than His-Braz and Braz expressed in S. cerevisiae, but the higher solubility, sweetness, safety (GRAS) are important advantages of the use of S. cerevisiae as expression host for production of Braz. Therefore the result of present work opens new insights for providing the new sweet yeasts that can be used as food additives.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Development of Nitroaromatics as Anti-Infective Drugs
Authors: Kannigadu Christina , N'Da David. D.
Published: March 2020

:

Infectious diseases commonly occur in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The pathogens of such
diseases are able to multiply in human hosts, warranting their continual survival. Infections that are commonplace
include malaria, chagas, trypanosomiasis, giardiasis, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis and leishmaniasis. Malaria is
known to cause symptoms, such as high fever, chills, nausea and vomiting, whereas chagas disease causes enlarged
lymph glands, muscle pain, swelling and chest pain. People suffering from African trypanosomiasis may
experience severe headaches, irritability, extreme fatigue and swollen lymph nodes. As an infectious disease
progresses, the human host may also experience personality changes and neurologic problems. If left untreated,
most of these diseases can lead to death.

:

Parasites, microbes and bacteria are increasingly adapting and generating strains that are resistant to current clinical
drugs. Drug resistance creates an urgency for the development of new drugs to treat these infections. Nitro
containing drugs, such as chloramphenicol, metronidazole, tinidazole and secnidazole had been banned for use as
antiparasitic agents due to their toxicity. However, recent discoveries of nitrocontaining anti-tuberculosis drugs,
i.e. delamanid and pretonamid, and the repurposing of flexinidazole for use in combination with eflornithine for
the treatment of human trypanosomiasis, have ignited interest in nitroaromatic scaffolds as viable sources of
potential anti-infective agents.

:

This review highlights the differences between old and new nitration methodologies. It furthermore offers insights
into recent advances in the development of nitroaromatics as anti-infective drugs.
Secretory Clusterin: A Promising Target for Chemoresistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wu Mengna , Xu Yuqing , Song Qianqian , Zheng Wenjie
Published: March 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
Chemoresistance remains the major factor for limited efficacy of the HCC treatment. Thus, exploring
the mechanisms underlying drug resistance is of great importance. Secretory clusterin (sCLU), a stressactivated
and ATP-independent molecular chaperone, is up-regulated in numerous tumors and correlated
with malignant phenotypes. For HCC, the implication of sCLU was previously addressed in tumor
growth, metastasis, as well as early diagnosis and poor prognosis. Notably, accumulating studies
have emphasized its vital role in drug resistance of HCC. Depletion of sCLU synergistically could enhance
the sensitivity of HCC cells to a variety of chemotherapy agents. Herein, we summarized the potential
mechanisms accounting for the sCLU-induced chemoresistance, including promoting apoptosis
evasion, facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), maintaining the viability of cancer stem
cell (CSC), enhancing drug efflux capacity, and regulating autophagic activities. The current evidence
suggest that targeting sCLU might be a promising approach in overcoming chemoresistance of HCC.
Nanomedicine: A Promising Avenue for the Development of Effective Therapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Sartaj Ali , Baboota Sanjula , Ali Javed
Published: March 2020

Purpose:

Breast cancer is the most probable cancer among women. However, the available
treatment is based on targeting different stages of breast cancer viz., radiation therapy, hormonal
therapy, chemotherapy, and surgical interventions, which have some limitations. The available
chemotherapeutics are associated with problems like low solubility, low permeability, high first-pass
metabolism, and P-glycoprotein efflux. Hence, the aforementioned restrictions lead to ineffective
treatment. Multiple chemotherapeutics can also cause resistance in tumors. So, the purpose is to develop
an effective therapeutic regimen for the treatment of breast cancer by applying a nanomedicinal
approach.

Methods:

This review has been conducted on a systematic search strategy, based on relevant literature
available on Pub Med, MedlinePlus, Google Scholar, and Sciencedirect up to November 2019
using keywords present in abstract and title of the review. As per our inclusion and exclusion criteria,
226 articles were screened. Among 226, a total of 40 articles were selected for this review.

Results:

The significant findings with the currently available treatment is that the drug, besides its
distribution to the target-specific site, also distributes to healthy cells, which results in severe side
effects. Moreover, the drug is less bioavailable at the site of action; therefore, to overcome this, a
high dose is required, which again causes side effects and lower the benefits. Nanomedicinal approaches
give an alternative approach to avoid the associated problems of available chemotherapeutics
treatment of breast cancer.

Conclusion:

The nanomedicinal strategies are useful over the conventional treatment of breast cancer
and deliver a target-specific drug-using different novel drug delivery approaches.
Current Understanding and Unknown Aspects of the Treatment of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis): Opportunities for Future Studies
Authors: Alesaeidi Samira , Darvishi Mohammad , Dabiri Sasan , GhasemiAdl Mojtaba , Jafarieh Arash , Tavakolpour Soheil
Published: March 2020

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a rare and systemic autoimmune disease,
causing necrotizing vasculitis of small arteries and veins. The majority of diagnosed patients with
GPA have circulating anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) directed against proteinase 3
(PR3). Here, we have reviewed the last findings and uncertainties regarding the treatment of GPA.
Between the available treatments, in addition to corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide (CYP) is effective
for remission-induction, while it is associated with some serious side effects, such as infertility
and increased risk of malignancies. On the other side, rituximab (RTX) seems a safer alternative
option and as effective as CYP. It could be used as both remission-induction and maintenance therapy
in GPA patients, especially in women of childbearing age. Pregnant patients, who must not be
exposed to the CYP and RTX could be well-managed with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg).
Co-trimoxazole, which is widely used to treat certain bacterial infections or as prophylaxis in immunosuppressed
patients, could be effective in preventing disease relapse. In the meantime, 15-
deoxyspergualin, plasma exchange are other therapeutic options with a low level of evidence. Regarding
potential treatments, ofatumumab, ocrelizumab, belimumab, atacicept, tabalumab, abatacept
(CTLA4-Ig), and Janus kinase inhibitors seem to be effective. Renal involvement, older age,
the presence of baseline organ damage, delayed-diagnosis of disease, rising in creatinine level, and
higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is associated with poor outcomes. Optimum doses of medications,
prediction of treatment response and disease relapse, explaining lack of response in some patients,
treating children with GPA, and management of GPA during the pregnancy are controversial
issues, which need further studies.
American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Assessment Form: Russian Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation
Authors: Ilʼin D. O. , Makarieva O. V. , Makariev M. N. , Logvinov A. N. , Magnitskaya N. E. , Ryazantsev M. S. , Burtsev M. E. , Zaripov A. R. , Frolov A. V. , Korolev A. V.
Published: March 2020

American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Assessment Form (ASES) is one of the most widely used shoulder outcome reporting measure. However, it has not been validated in the Russian language. Purpose of this study is a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the ASES. Materials and methods. The group of 93 patients with various shoulder pathology (39 males and 54 females) with median age of 49 years was included into the study. In the first stage the authors performed language and cultural adaptation of the ASES questionnaire to obtain a Russian version maximally matching the original. Further the authors studied the psychometric properties of the questionnaire (reliability, validity, responsiveness), the effects of maximum and minimum values (floor and ceiling effects) and estimated the coefficients of internal consistency of Cronbach’s alpha and reproducibility. 20 patients were selected to assess reproducibility by test-retest method, those patients filled out the ASES questionnaire at first appointment with an orthopedic trauma surgeon and repeatedly in 7 days; the obtained data was evaluated by an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). In the framework of the present research the authors assessed the validity of the obtained scale, including the correlation of the scores of the examined questionnaire with the scores by the DASH questionnaire validated in the Russian Federation to check criteria validity. Results. The study resulted in obtaining the assessment scale fully matching the original ASES version with minor linguistic and cultural features. The ASES median results was Me = 68.7 [32.6; 93.8]; no maximum and minimum scores were obtained. The Russian version of the questionnaire has good psychometric properties with internal consistency of Cronbach alpha 0.72. The overall intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of the ASES questionnaire was 0.95 (p0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the general group and the test-retest group by gender, age and type of shoulder pathology. Correlation coefficient obtained in the scope of the present research between the ASES and DASH scales was 0.9, and the GRI index was 2.8. Conclusion. Russian version of the ASES questionnaire has good psychometric properties and may be recommended to evaluate functional status of patients with shoulder joint pathology and treatment dynamics.
Bone Xenografts in Trauma and Orthopaedics (Analytical Review)
Authors: Stogov M. V. , Smolentsev D. V. , Kireeva E. A.
Published: March 2020

Purpose of the analytical review — to evaluate the application experience of bone xenografts in trauma and orthopaedics surgery. Methods. Data search was performed in the electronic databases of PubMed and eLIBRARY with depth of 20 years. Results. The authors identified 13 papers which described the application experience of bone xenografts in trauma surgery and orthopaedics. The highest efficiency (from 92 to 100%) was reported for cases of xenografts use to replace defects in intraarticular fractures and revision arthroplasty. Unsatisfactory outcomes were related to cases with no integration and graft rejection. The least efficiency (from 41,9 to 46,1%) was reported in reconstructive foot surgery. No effect of bone xenografts was observed for replacement of defects in cases of pseudoarthrosis. The most frequent complication was graft material infection. The summarized literature data provided the calculated share of complications following xenograft use of 7,53% (18 out of 239 cases, CI 5-95%, 4,53-11,21). Two areas were identified for improvement of technical and biological properties of bone xenografts: 1. Modification of original xeno-matrix (enhancement of purification technique, alteration of structure of chemical composition of the bone matrix); 2. Augmentation of matrix volume by additional elements (biologically active agents, stem cells). It’s noted that demand for xenografts in traumatology and orthopaedics can increase after refining and expanding the indications for clinical use. Conclusion. Bone xenografts used in the modern trauma surgery and orthopaedics to replace bone defects in revision arthroplasty as well as in certain fracture types. Such material is relatively safe and its ability to be modified allows to improve its biological properties.