bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geographical variations of food insecurity and its associated factors in Bangladesh: Evidence from pooled data of seven cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Tariqujjaman Md. , Rahman Mahfuzur , Wangdi Kinley , Karmakar Gobinda , Ahmed Tahmeed , Sarma Haribondhu
Published: January 2023

Food insecurity has multiple negative effects on maternal and child health and nutritional outcomes. There is a dearth of up-to-date evidence on the prevalence of food insecurity in Bangladesh based on geographical variations. We investigated the prevalence of food insecurity based on geographical variations and its associated factors. We pooled data from seven cross-sectional surveys conducted in 15,009 households from March 2015 to May 2018. This study was a part of the evaluation of the Maternal Infant Young Child Nutrition Phase 2 programme implemented by BRAC, one of the largest international non-governmental organizations located in Bangladesh that covered rural areas in 26 districts and two urban slums in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We used Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (a widely used scale to measure household food insecurity) to estimate the food insecurity status from the data collected through a face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Hot spot analysis was conducted using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic. The multiple logistic regression model was applied to explore the associated factors of food insecurity. The food insecurity hotspots were in the northwestern, central-southwestern, and coastal districts of Bangladesh. The overall prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity were 12.7%, 13.8%, and 3.5%, respectively. In the adjusted model, household heads and caregivers of children with five or more years of schooling had respectively 42% (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.58, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.52, 0.64) and 46% (AOR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.61) less likelihood to suffer from food insecurity. Households in the middle (AOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.65) and rich (AOR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.36) wealth status had lower odds of food insecurity. Food insecurity is widely spread in rural districts of Bangladesh and the degree of vulnerability is higher among the households of the northwestern, central-southwestern, and coastal areas of Bangladesh. Comprehensive interventions including strategies for poverty reduction and education for all might be effective to reduce food insecurity at rural households in Bangladesh.
Mapping the Literature on Digital Humanities
Authors: Basak Moutusi , Roy Sanku Bilas
Published: January 2023

Digital humanities (DH) has become a hot topic among both humanities scholars and library and information services (LIS) professionals. To conduct this research, researchers searched Scopus database for articles published between 2006 and 2020, as of March 2021 which brought out a set of 2643 publications. MS-Excel, R-programming language and VosViewer were used to analysis the collected data. The significant increase of publications in DH over last six years (2015-2020) is observed. The annual percentage of growth rate is 34.91. It is found that the average authors per document are 1.8 and the collaborative index is 2.53 in this study. USA, UK and Germany emerged as the major research contributor. In the co-occurrence network of keywords, the value of clustering coefficient is 0.072. This study gives a better knowledge of collaborative processes in the digital humanities. The findings of this study will raise the profile of DH among researchers who are unfamiliar with it in anticipating future.
Research Online Visibility of LIS Faculties at Central Universities in North India
Authors: Lohia Pragya , Prakash Hari
Published: January 2023

The study examines the Google Scholar profile of LIS faculties employed in central universities of North India to determine their research online visibility. Data was obtained by doing manual searches on Google scholar on 4 July 2022 with the appropriate name of the faculties and their affiliation. The study found that 74 % of the faculty have a Google Scholar profile. Findings show that Prof. Margam Madhusudhan (DU) is leading among the faculties with a citation count of 1715, the highest number of publications, 162, and the highest i10 index of 31. Further, Prof. Bhaskar Mukherjee (BHU) and Prof. Margam Madhusudhan (DU) have the highest-ranked h-index, with 18 each leading the list. The authors advocate that a GS profile can be used to assess the research productivity of the faculty and that the authors’ work is more accessible if they create a Google Scholar profile for personal and institutional ranking purposes. The study also recommends displaying thrust areas for faculty members to boost the visibility of their areas of interest, which can be used for collaboration by other faculties or researchers with similar interests in India and overseas.
The Design and Analysis of a Novel Vertical Axis Small Water Turbine Generator for Installation in Drainage Lines
Authors: Lahamornchaiyakul Werayoot , Kasayapanand Nat
Published: January 2023

The objective of this study was to determine the mechanical power efficiency of a novel vertical-axis small water turbine generator for installation in drainage lines. A 3D model was created to evaluate the performance of each design. The system was designed, analysed, and calculated for the most suitable geometries of the water inlet, drainage lines, main structure, and water turbine wheels using computational fluid dynamics software. The diameter of the water turbine wheel in the numerical model was 48 mm. The control volume technique was used in the numerical simulation method, and the k-epsilon turbulence model was employed to find the computational results. For the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), the appropriate mash element for each model section was generated for numerical simulation, which showed that the torque from the water turbine modelling varied depending on the time domains and was related to speed relative to the developed force. The maximum torque and maximum power that a vertical-axis small water turbine for installation in a drainage line could generate at a maximum flow rate of 0.0030 m3/s were 0.55 N.m and 26.84 watts, respectively. Similarly, calculations with mathematical equations, found that the maximum mechanical power value after calculating the rate of loss within the pipe system was 12.95 watts. The forces generated by the speed and pressure of the fluid can then be applied to the structure of the water turbine wheel. The vertical-axis small water turbine for installation in a drainage line was analysed under its self-weight by applying a gravitational acceleration of 9.81 m/s2 in Solidworks Simulation software version 2022. The numerical simulations that resulted from this research could be used to further develop prototypes for small water turbines generating commercial electricity.
Rhetorical Structure Appearances in Memoir-Type Text
Authors: KAYGISIZ Çağrı , YAZICI Nermin
Published: January 2023

Writing skill, which includes many factors and complex processes, is the linguistic skill that receives the lowest amount of support in the out-of-school social context among learning areas. Therefore, practices conducted at schools for the development of writing skills are significant. Such practices are aimed toward students gaining awareness of the functioning of the language system and producing texts that are compatible with discourse features developed in line with communicative purposes. Therefore, theories and approaches that describe how to make choices that match specific text types are an important component of writing education. This study aims to determine the appearance of the units in memoir-type texts that allow tracking the coherence relations on the text surface with the establishment of rhetorical relations between sections of text using the tools of the rhetorical structure theory and review and discuss at an academic level why these tools should be taken into account in the processes of writing education.
Responsive Classroom Management Practices in the Context of Preschool Teachers’ Professional Experiences
Authors: BATTAL Şeymanur , AKMAN Berrin
Published: January 2023

Responsive classroom management can be achieved by the harmonious combination of many variables such as teacher and child characteristics. One of these variables is the professional experience of teachers. Professional experience affects teachers' practices, expectations and attitudes regarding children. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify responsive classroom management practices within the context of pre-school teachers' professional experiences. The research sample consisted of 60 preschool teachers. The teachers' knowledge about responsive classroom management practices was identified in writing with the help of a questionnaire made up of open-ended and multiple-choice questions created by the researchers. In the study, which was designed as a case study, inductive and descriptive analyses were used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed that both experienced teachers and novice teachers performed similar practices in areas such as the emotional climate of the classroom, classroom rules and instructional support. In addition, it was found that there were differences in the approaches of the novice teachers and experienced teachers regarding the noisy classroom as well as in the way they defined and intervened problematic behaviors.
Factors Affecting Perceived Learning Satisfaction in Distance Education in Turkey
Authors: EYGÜ Hakan , EYGÜ Seda
Published: January 2023

The study aims to determine which variables to be focused on by viewing the relationship between the variables of distance education to increase perceived learning satisfaction. The results of this study were obtained with the measurement model established with the data collected from 5574 state university students in Turkey. Within this context, it is thought to contribute to the literature. Another unique point in this study is; for the reliability of the results, it was expected that the deficiencies of the distance education infrastructure in universities would be eliminated during the pandemic process, and it was made with the help of a questionnaire applied to university students who received distance education after the improved infrastructure services. The structural equation model used by many disciplines was applied to investigate the significance of the relationship between the variables. As a result of the method applied, it was determined that there was a significant relationship between the technology, materials, support services, measurement and evaluation factors and the perception of distance learning satisfaction of the students. In addition, a significant relationship was found between the material and technology variables and the support services variable. No significant relationship was found between support services and measurement and evaluation variables. There was also no significant relationship in the model in which support services were established as a mediator variable. In this study, distance education policies on distance education services have been proposed, considering the relationships between the model established and the variables.
Students’ Reflections on Knowledge Building Process and Scaffolding
Authors: AVCI Ümmühan
Published: January 2023

Collaborative learning environments such as “knowledge building community” and “online learning community” have gained importance with the inclusion of new technologies in the education process. In order to provide active participation expected in these learning environments, scaffolds such as sentence openers and role assignments are used in order to support, guide and enrich students' knowledge building processes. In this study, it is aimed to examine the pre-service teachers' opinions about online collaborative knowledge building process and the scaffolds used in this process. Seventy-seven pre-service teachers participating in the study participated in the knowledge building process in four different groups, using different scaffolds and no scaffolds. In this process, students were asked to complete the knowledge building questionnaire consisting of 12 questions of five likert types and a semi-structured interview form consisting of 10 questions reflecting their own experiences. Qualitative research method was used in the research and the data were analyzed by content analysis. In addition, some descriptive statistics such as percentage frequency are included. It was observed that the opinions of the students about their experiences in the collaborative knowledge building process were mostly positive. The students mostly stated that “it is important to determine our goals and to plan our progress”. The students defined their contributions in the knowledge building process as the most “providing diversity of opinions”. In addition, the scaffolds used by pre-service teachers in the online collaborative knowledge building process and their reflections on the better quality knowledge building process were included and interpreted in the context of technology-supported education.
Structural and spectroscopic properties of voriconazole and fluconazole – Experimental and theoretical studies
Authors: Drabińska Beata , Dettlaff Katarzyna , Kossakowski Kacper , Ratajczak Tomasz , Kujawski Radosław , Mikołajczyk Agnieszka , Kujawski Jacek
Published: January 2023

The article compares the experimental Fourier transform-infrared, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra of voriconazole and fluconazole with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations using five different functionals. The results were compared with previously reported data related to its analogue – posaconazole. The analysis of calculated infrared (IR) spectra with the use of PBE1PBE (voriconazole) or APF (fluconazole) functionals shows good accordance with the experimental IR spectrum. The best compatibility between the experimental and theoretical UV spectra was observed with the use of PBE1PBE or B3LYP functionals for voriconazole or fluconazole, respectively. The reason for the difference in the UV-vis spectra of voriconazole and fluconazole was discussed based on linear response time-dependent DFT and natural bond orbital methods. The calculated 1H NMR spectrum shows that the DFT formalism, particularly the M06L or B3LYP functionals, gives an accurate description of the voriconazole and fluconazole chemical shifts.
New plant resistance inducers based on polyamines
Authors: Czerwoniec Patrycja
Published: January 2023

The novel and revolutionary approach to plant protection presented in this work, based on the preparation of bifunctional salts of a plant resistance inducer combined with a polyamine cation, may become a potential solution in the future for reducing the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses to which the plant is exposed. This study presents the synthesis, physical properties, phytotoxicity, and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) induction efficacy of new salts composed of the anion of plant resistance inducers and N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-hexamethylpropane-1,3-diammonium cation (5 salts), N,N,N,N′,N′,N′-hexamethyl-butane-1,4-diammonium cation (5 salts), spermidine salicylate, and spermine salicylate. SAR induction efficiency tests were performed on tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi, infected with the tobacco mosaic virus.
Comparison of the corrosion resistances of chromium-passivated and cerium-passivated Zn/NdFeB magnets
Authors: Zhang Pengjie , Chen Jing , Yang Hongyi , Xu Guangqing , Lv Jun , Cui Jiewu , Sun Wei , Li Bingshan , Wang Dongmei , Wu Yucheng
Published: January 2023

Chromium-free passivation of Zn coating on NdFeB magnets becomes a research hotspot due to the serious harm of chromium ions to the human body. Chromium-based and cerium-based passivation technologies are conducted on electroplating Zn/NdFeB respectively. Morphologies, elemental compositions and phase structures of the two passivated coatings are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The corrosion resistances of the two passivated specimens are compared by neutral salt spray test, accelerated aging test and electrochemical measurements. A complete and smooth passivation film can be obtained on the surface of Zn/NdFeB, filling the gaps and pores in Zn coating. Compared with un-passivated Zn/NdFeB, Zn(Ce)/NdFeB and Zn(Cr)/NdFeB possess excellent corrosion resistance. In comparison, Zn(Ce)/NdFeB possesses excellent anti-corrosion performance, increasing the red-rust appearing time from 288 to 432 h, which is still lower than that of Zn(Cr)/NdFeB (528 h). Therefore, the self-repair effect of cerium passivation technology during the corrosion process should be further studied to achieve the purpose of replacing chromium passivation technology.
Study the effect of adding zirconia particles to nickel–phosphorus electroless coatings as product innovation on stainless steel substrate
Authors: Abed Khalid Mutashar , Radhi Nabaa S. , Jasim Ahlam Hamid , Al-Khafaji Zainab S. , Radhi Sabaa , Hussien Safa A.
Published: January 2023

Scholars have spent much time studying metal deposition procedures involving the deposition of electroless nickel, alloy, and composite coatings on various surfaces; the most current uses were feasible advantages of the coatings’ many good properties for achieving the final product innovation. Lately, these coatings have demonstrated intriguing wear and corrosion resistance features, resulting in several innovative macro-level developments. The notion of composite coating by co-deposition coating has been presented in this article. The characteristics of Ni–Pb alloy coatings were examined by inserting

ZrO

2

{{\rm{ZrO}}}_{2}

particles into the electroless deposited solution. The stainless steel (SS) specimens have been electroless coated with Ni–Pb and

ZrO

2

{{\rm{ZrO}}}_{2}

nanoparticles (size = 30–70 nm) at 0, 10, and 20 g/L amounts. The materials have been examined using scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope, followed by wear-resistant and microhardness testing. According to the investigation findings, including inert particles improved the hardness magnitude and wearing resistance considerably. The base metal exhibited the highest wear rate at 10 N, while the wear rate decreased in the Ni–Pb–

ZrO

2

{{\rm{ZrO}}}_{2}

-coated SS316L by 34%. The Vickers hardness magnitudes of the Ni–Pb–

ZrO

2

{{\rm{ZrO}}}_{2}

-coated samples at different

ZrO

2

{{\rm{ZrO}}}_{2}

contents (0, 10, and 20 g/L) were 19, 50, and 81%, respectively.
Chitosan nanocomposite film incorporating Nigella sativa oil, Azadirachta indica leaves’ extract, and silver nanoparticles
Authors: Batubara Afnan S. , Obaid Najla A. , Alharbi Hanan M. , Altalhi Turki Mohammed , Alasmari Mohammed Abdullah , Alghamdi Ammar Zuhair , Sharmin Eram
Published: January 2023

Nanocomposite films have been prepared from chitosan, cinnamaldehyde, Nigella sativa or blackseed oil, and silver nanoparticles (NPs) biosynthesized in Azadirachta indica or neem leaves’ extract. The methodology involved simple blending of components through “green chemistry” route. The films obtained were soft and foldable. The morphology by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the inclusion of NPs in the films. Microbial penetration study demonstrated that the films offered good resistance to secondary bacterial infection. The antibacterial study against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and E. coli (ATCC 25922) indicated moderate antibacterial behavior of the films. The swelling behavior in water, phosphate buffer saline, and simulated wound fluid was found to be appropriate for use as wound dressings. The films were biodegradable in soil and showed good thermal stability up to 200°C.
Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/calcium carbonate composite with single continuous morphology
Authors: Song Qinghuan
Published: January 2023

Poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) with a content ratio of 90/10, and its calcium carbonate (CaCO3) composites with nano- and micro-sized particles were prepared by melt mixing. The dependence of thermal and mechanical properties of the composites on the particle size and addition content of the CaCO3 filler was investigated. The composite containing five parts micro-sized filler (abbreviated as 90L10B5mC, similarly hereinafter) exhibited α and α′ crystallines on cooling as 90L10B without fillers. 90L10B11mC and 90L10B11n5mC exhibited only α′ crystalline, and the others exhibited no discernible crystalline. Jeziorny method showed that the crystallization mode of poly(lactic acid) chains in different composites was close, and Mo method showed that the crystal growth mode in 90L10B11n5mC was different from others. Changes in thermal and mechanical properties were attributed to the overall connection strength which was dependent on the particle size and addition content of the CaCO3 filler. From the perspective of industrialization, 90L10B5n11mC was preferred.
Rapid and efficient microwave-assisted extraction ofCaesalpinia sappanLinn. heartwood and subsequent synthesis of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Thanayutsiri Thana , Patrojanasophon Prasopchai , Opanasopit Praneet , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Laiwattanapaisal Wanida , Rojanarata Theerasak
Published: January 2023

Since microwave (MW)-assisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) usingCaesalpinia sappan(CS) extract as both a reducing and stabilizing agent is currently unavailable, a MW-based synthesis protocol was investigated and presented for the first time in this work. In addition, to rapidly prepare the reactant for this purpose, the MW-assisted extraction of CS heartwood was studied. From the optimization experiments, it was found that the extraction using the MW irradiation at 300 W for 3 min produced the extract with high and reproducible brazilin content which could be readily used for the synthesis of AuNPs. Under the optimal synthesis conditions, roughly spherical CS-AuNPs with an average diameter size of 49.6 nm and acceptable 28-day stability were obtained within only 1 min. The resulting CS-AuNPs were capable of selective binding to Fe2+, Fe3+, and Al3+, leading to particle aggregation as well as noticeable change of color and shift of UV-Vis absorption maxima. From these results, CS-AuNPs could be fabricated via this fast, green, and efficient route. Furthermore, their potential application for colorimetric sensing of certain metal ions was preliminarily explored and proposed in this work.
Removal efficiency of dibenzofuran using CuZn-zeolitic imidazole frameworks as a catalyst and adsorbent
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Q. C. , Tran Huy B. , Nguyen Nghia K. , Nguyen Nhut M. , Dang Giao H.
Published: January 2023

Dioxins/furans are classified as highly toxic chemicals that seriously affect human health. To remove dioxin residues from contaminated water, CuZn-ZIFs, a material from bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) has been synthesized and explored its efficacy treatment with dibenzofuran (DBF). The pristine structure of CuZn-ZIFs was confirmed using powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and scanning electron microscopy. CuZn-ZIFs exhibited its role as a heterogeneous catalyst promoting H2O2 oxidation and as an adsorbent in DBF treatment. Herein, at room temperature, more than 86% of DBF adsorbed and 90% of DBF degraded in the presence of H2O2 with 10 mg catalyst dosage, 30 ppm of DBF within 40 and 60 min, respectively. Remarkably, the CuZn-ZIFs’ reusability of each process showed a high efficacy removal with over 80% after five cycles. Therefore, CuZn-ZIFs synthesized could be a prospective candidate for the indirect or direct degradation of dioxins/DBF derivatives from contaminated water.
Immediate versus delayed prompts, field dependence and independence cognitive style and L2 development
Authors: Rassaei Ehsan , Ravand Hamdollah
Published: January 2023

Recent research has provided evidence that corrective feedback (CF) timing can play a significant role in feedback effectiveness. However, given that immediate and delayed feedback are differentially contextualized, little is known about the mediating role of learners’ field dependence/independence (FDI) cognitive style on the effectiveness of immediate and delayed prompts. To this end, the present study examined the effects of immediate and delayed prompts as well as the mediating role of learners’ FDI on the development of English articles by EFL learners. Fifty eight EFL learners were randomly assigned into two treatment conditions as well as a control group. The participants’ FDI orientation was measured through the group embedded figures test (GEFT). The treatment groups differed from each other in terms of whether the participants received prompts immediately after errors were made or at the end of the treatment task. The results obtained from post-tests and delayed post-tests showed that providing prompts immediately following learners’ errors is more effective than delaying them until the communicative activity is over. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed that the effectiveness of immediate prompts, and not delayed prompts, is significantly predicted by learners’ FDI cognitive style.
Impact of wavy porous layer on the hydrodynamic forces and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid flow in a channel with cavity under the effect of partial magnetic field
Authors: Hussain Shafqat , Qureshi Muhammad Amer , Ahmed Sameh E.
Published: January 2023

This computational analysis focuses on the effects of porous layer on the flow dynamics, heat transfer and hydrodynamic forces of hybrid nanofluid in a channel having an open cavity fixed with bottom wall in the presence of partial magnetic field. The set of PDEs governing the dynamics has been transformed to dimensionless form and simulated using higher order finite element method. In particular,

P

3

/

P

2

${\mathbb{P}}_{3}/{\mathbb{P}}_{2}$

finite element pair is employed for the spatial discretization and Crank–Nicolson approach is utilized for the temporal discretization. The obtained equations has been linearized with adaptive Newtons method and linearized systems have been computed using the geometric multi-grid technique. The impact of parameters, for instance, Richardson number, thickness of porous layer and nanoparticle fraction is analyzed in the presence of partial magnetic field and porous layer on the hydrodynamic forces like lift and drag forces on the submerged bodies, being the important part of the fluid flow and heat transfer are also be analysed. It is noticed that the drag and lift coefficients are reduced as the nanoparticle fraction is altered while the local- and average-Nusselt number get higher values.
On modules related to McCoy modules
Authors: Baeck Jongwook
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we first investigate the relationships between the McCoy module and related modules based on their relationships in rings. After that, we improve some properties of McCoy modules and introduce ZPZC modules which extend the notion of McCoy modules. We observe the structure of ZPZC modules providing a number of examples of problems that arise naturally in the process. Finally, answers to some open questions related to the ZPZC condition are provided.
Reflecting on the differences between young offenders and their typically developing and low achieving peers: a comparative study
Authors: Al-Hilawani Yasser A. , Al-Subhi Asmaa S. M.
Published: January 2023

This study examined the differences among the typically developing, low-achieving, and young offender participants on indices of oral and silent reading, listening comprehension, the Raven and behavior scales, and parental status. A convenient sample of 81 males and females from the same geographical region in the Sultanate of Oman took part in this study. Analyses showed that the typically developing participants obtained a higher Raven score, achieved better on the behavior scale, and performed commensurately with their current grade placement in oral, silent, and listening skills when compared with both the young offenders and low-achieving participants. The academic skills of the young offenders were better than those of the low-achieving participants, a strong indication that the low-achieving group had more serious academic difficulties when compared with the young offenders. The young offenders living with married parents obtained a better score on the adjustment disorder domain than those who had divorced or deceased parents. The results suggested that the young offender and underachieving participants were not entirely identical in their profiles. Implications and limitations are discussed.
A novel hybrid flow direction optimizer-dynamic oppositional based learning algorithm for solving complex constrained mechanical design problems
Authors: Yildiz Betül S. , Pholdee Nantiwat , Mehta Pranav , Sait Sadiq M. , Kumar Sumit , Bureerat Sujin , Yildiz Ali Riza
Published: January 2023

In this present work, mechanical engineering optimization problems are solved by employing a novel optimizer (HFDO-DOBL) based on a physics-based flow direction optimizer (FDO) and dynamic oppositional-based learning. Five real-world engineering problems, viz. planetary gear train, hydrostatic thrust bearing, robot gripper, rolling bearing, and multiple disc clutch brake, are considered. The computational results obtained by HFDO-DOBL are compared with several newly proposed algorithms. The statistical analysis demonstrates the HFDO-DOBL dominance in finding optimal solutions relatively and competitiveness in solving constraint design optimization problems.
Tensile shear fracture load bearing capability, softening of HAZ and microstructural characteristics of resistance spot welded DP-1000 steel joints
Authors: Rajalingam Paluchamy , Rajakumar Selvarajan , Balasubramanian Visvalingam , Sonar Tushar , Kavitha Subramanian
Published: January 2023

The main objective of this investigation is to enhance the tensile shear fracture load (TSFL) bearing capability and minimize softening in heat affected zone (HAZ) of resistance spot welded DP-1000 steel spot joints for automotive applications. The lap tensile and cross tensile shear fracture load tests (LTSFL and CTSFL) were conducted. The process parameters were optimized using numerical and graphical optimization techniques to maximize the TSFL capability of spot joints. The microstructure of spot joints was studied using optical microscopy and correlated to TSFL and hardness of spot joints. Results showed that DP-1000 steel spot joints made using the welding power of 70 W, welding time of 1.0 s, electrode pressure of 4.25 MPa showed maximum LTSFL of 22 kN and CTSFL of 9.1 kN. The parametric optimization showed 46.66, 45.77, 22.33 and 9.87% increase in LTSFL, CTSFL, nugget zone hardness and HAZ hardness of DP-1000 steel spot joints. The higher TSFL and nugget hardness of spot joints is mainly attributed to the evolution of finer martensitic sandwiching ferrite phases in nugget zone and lower softening of HAZ than other joints. Welding power showed significant influence on TSFL of spot joints followed by welding time and electrode pressure.
High-speed tensile tests on high-manganese steel at low temperatures
Authors: Dieffenbach Tonja , Treutler Kai , Wesling Volker
Published: January 2023

Particularly in the automotive industry and the sector of liquid–gas storage, austenitic steels with a high energy absorption capacity are used. The light metals frequently used do not meet all requirements. Therefore, especially for components involved in crash situations, the cost-effective alternative with outstanding properties is used. In this respect, the high-manganese TWIP steels are of great interest, specifically due to their strength and ductility. Also in other research areas, the high-strength steels are moving into the focus of attention. For example, the properties of welded high-manganese steels at low temperature applications, such as those encountered during storage and transport of liquefied gases, are to be investigated. For this purpose, high-speed tensile tests are used to experimentally determine how the material behaves at different low temperatures and high strain rates. The investigations carried out provide results that can be used to draw conclusions about the strain rate and temperature dependence of the mechanical characteristics. These dependencies are shown as well.
High-harmonic generation from artificially stacked 2D crystals
Authors: Heide Christian , Kobayashi Yuki , Johnson Amalya C. , Heinz Tony F. , Reis David A. , Liu Fang , Ghimire Shambhu
Published: January 2023

We report a coherent layer-by-layer build-up of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in artificially stacked transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC) crystals in their various stacking configurations. In the experiments, millimeter-sized single crystalline monolayers are synthesized using the gold foil-exfoliation method, followed by artificially stacking on a transparent substrate. High-order harmonics up to the 19th order are generated by the interaction with a mid-infrared (MIR) driving laser. We find that the generation is sensitive to both the number of layers and their relative orientation. For AAAA stacking configuration, both odd- and even-orders exhibit a quadratic increase in intensity as a function of the number of layers, which is a signature of constructive interference of high-harmonic emission from successive layers. Particularly, we observe some deviations from this scaling at photon energies above the bandgap, which is explained by self-absorption effects. For AB and ABAB stacking, even-order harmonics remain below the detection level, consistent with the presence of inversion symmetry. Our study confirms our capability of producing nonperturbative high-order harmonics from stacked layered materials subjected to intense MIR fields without damaging samples. Our results have implications for optimizing solid-state HHG sources at the nanoscale and developing high-harmonics as an ultrafast probe of artificially stacked layered materials. Because the HHG process is a strong-field driven process, it has the potential to probe high-momentum and energy states in the bandstructure combined with atomic-scale sensitivity in real space, making it an attractive probe of novel material structures such as the Moiré pattern.
Brain and gut microbiota disorders in the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Garcia-Gil Mercedes , Ceccarini Maria Rachele , Stoppini Fabrizio , Cataldi Samuela , Mazzeschi Claudia , Delvecchio Elisa , Albi Elisabetta , Gizzi Giulia
Published: January 2023

Studies of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in eating disorders (EDs) have intensified over the past several years, revealing their unprecedented and unanticipated complexity. Results from many articles highlight critical aspects in each member of ED family. Notably, anorexia nervosa (AN) is a disorder due to undefined etiology, frequently associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsiveness, accompanied by endocrine alterations, altered immune response, increased inflammation, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Hence, an advanced knowledge of how and why a multisystem involvement exists is of paramount importance to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of AN. In this review, we describe the change in the brain structure/function focusing on hypothalamic endocrine disorders and the disequilibrium of gut microbiota in AN that might be responsible for the psychopathological complication.
INFLUÊNCIA DO MAPEAMENTO DE PROCESSOS NA GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS QUÍMICOS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PELOTAS
Authors: Hornke Luana Cristina , De Quadros Macedo Catarina , Rodrigues Bresque Milton Luis , Martins Rodriguez Alejandro
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo tem como propósito descrever o mapeamento do processo de Cadastro de Gerador de Resíduos Químicos realizado pelo Escritório de Processos (EP) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) e suas decorrentes melhorias. Para tanto, foi utilizada a metodologia desenvolvida no EP a fim de proporcionar a compreensão da atividade executada, identificação dos gargalos e pontos positivos, bem como possíveis melhorias. Em razão disso, o artigo exibirá diversas problemáticas a respeito da gestão de resíduos, buscando sugerir mudanças zelando pelo meio ambiente e saúde pública. Ademais, com seu funcionamento adequado, a UFPel beneficia-se com menores custos, maior segurança para os técnicos, docentes, discentes e demais envolvidos, e da praticidade advinda da automatização do processo.
Cingulo-Opercular Subnetworks Motivate Frontoparietal Subnetworks during Distinct Cognitive Control Demands
Authors: Wood Jessica L. , Nee Derek Evan
Published: January 2023

Cognitive control is the ability to flexibly adapt behavior in a goal-directed manner when habit will not suffice. Control can be separated into distinct forms based on the timescale (present–future) and/or medium (external–internal) over which it operates. Both the frontoparietal network (FPN) and cingulo-opercular network (CON) are engaged during control, but their respective functions and interactions remain unclear. Here, we examined activations in the FPN and CON with fMRI in humans (male and female) during a task that manipulated control across timescales/mediums. The findings show that the CON can be distinguished into the following two separable subnetworks mirroring the FPN: a rostral/ventral subnetwork sensitive to future-oriented control involving internal representations, and a caudal/dorsal subnetwork sensitive to present-oriented control involving external representations. Relative to the FPN, activation in the CON was particularly pronounced during transitions into and out of particular control demands. Moreover, the relationship of each CON subnetwork to behavior was mediated by a respective FPN subnetwork. Such data are consistent with the idea that the CON motivates the FPN, which, in turn, drives behavior. Within the CON, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) mediated the relationship between the anterior insula and FPN, suggesting that the dmPFC acts as the crux that links the CON to the FPN. Collectively, these data indicate that parallel CON–FPN subnetworks mediate controlled behaviors at distinct timescales/mediums.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cingulo-opercular network (CON) and frontoparietal network (FPN) are engaged in diverse, demanding tasks. A functional model describing how areas within these networks can be distinguished, and also interact, would facilitate understanding of how the brain adapts to demanding situations. During a comprehensive control task, fMRI data revealed that the FPN and CON can be fractionated into subnetworks based on control demands that are either externally oriented for use in the present, or control demands that operate internally to guide future behavior. Moreover, we found evidence for a chain of relationships from the CON to FPN to behavior consistent with the idea that the CON drives the FPN to adapt behavior.
Ventral Subiculum Inputs to Nucleus Accumbens Medial Shell Preferentially Innervate D2R Medium Spiny Neurons and Contain Calcium Permeable AMPARs
Authors: Boxer Emma E. , Kim JungMin , Dunn Brett , Aoto Jason
Published: January 2023

Ventral subiculum (vSUB) is the major output region of ventral hippocampus (vHIPP) and sends major projections to nucleus accumbens medial shell (NAcMS). Hyperactivity of the vSUB-NAcMS circuit is associated with substance use disorders and the modulation of vSUB activity alters drug seeking and drug reinstatement behavior in rodents. However, to the best of our knowledge, the cell type-specific connectivity and synaptic transmission properties of the vSUB-NAcMS circuit have never been directly examined. Instead, previous functional studies have focused on total ventral hippocampal (vHIPP) output to NAcMS without distinguishing vSUB from other subregions of vHIPP, including ventral CA1 (vCA1). Usingex vivoelectrophysiology, we systematically characterized the vSUB-NAcMS circuit with cell type- and synapse-specific resolution in male and female mice and found that vSUB output to dopamine receptor type-1 (D1R) and type-2 (D2R) expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) displays a functional connectivity bias for D2R MSNs. Furthermore, we found that vSUB-D1R and vSUB-D2R MSN synapses contain calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in drug-naive mice. Finally, we find that, distinct from other glutamatergic inputs, cocaine exposure selectively induces plasticity at vSUB-D2R synapses. Importantly, we directly compared vSUB and vCA1 output to NAcMS and found that vSUB synapses are functionally distinct and that vCA1 output recapitulated the synaptic properties previously ascribed to vHIPP. Our work highlights the need to consider the contributions of individual subregions of vHIPP to substance use disorders and represents an important first step toward understanding how the vSUB-NAcMS circuit contributes to the etiologies that underlie substance use disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInputs to nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine receptor type 1 (D1R) and D2R medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are critically involved in reward seeking behavior. Ventral subiculum (vSUB) provides robust synaptic input to nucleus accumbens medial shell (NAcMS) and activity of this circuit is linked to substance use disorders. Despite the importance of the vSUB to nucleus accumbens circuit, the functional connectivity and synaptic transmission properties have not been tested. Here, we systematically interrogated these properties and found that basal connectivity and drug-induced plasticity are biased for D2R medium spiny neurons. Overall, we demonstrate that this circuit is distinct from synaptic inputs from other brain regions, which helps to explain how vSUB dysfunction contributes to the etiologies that underlie substance use disorders.
Classical approach to the theory of marketing research during the predigital economy
Authors:   Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Oklander Igor
Published: January 2023

The aim of the article. The purpose of the article is to generalize classical approaches to the theory of marketing research, systematize the stages of development of scientific thought according to marketing research and the corresponding methodological basis, develop a typology of the goals of marketing research, provide relevant methods of marketing research, and propose a classification of marketing research in the period of the pre-digital economy. The results of the analyses. Methods of marketing research use methods, procedures and operations of theoretical and practical research, empirical research, analysis of the marketing environment of enterprises. Conducting marketing research contributes to reducing the level of information asymmetry. First, due to the enterprise obtaining reliable information about the parameters of the external market environment: the size and structure of current and future market demand, the possible production volumes of competitors, the market situation, trends in the development of the industry and scientific and technical policy in the industry, the political and economic situation, conditions competition. This is due to increasing the effectiveness of communication activities, which is one of the objects of research. Conclusions and perspectives for further research. With scientific thought, a wide range of arguments, definitions and classifications has been developed on issues, methods of conducting and results of marketing research, technology of making marketing decisions; identifying marketing opportunities and solving marketing problems. The results of marketing research are determined by research goals and are formed in a form that depends on the type of research: search, descriptive, experimental, innovative. Marketing research methods have multiple classifications depending on a wide range of features. The paper systematizes the stages of the development of scientific thought regarding marketing research and the corresponding methodological basis, the goals of marketing research and the methods of marketing research corresponding to them, a classification of marketing research is proposed based on the generalization of existing approaches. In further developments in this direction, it is planned to modernize the theoretical foundation of marketing research in the conditions of the digital economy.
Digital marketing changes during the Russian war in Ukraine 2022
Authors:   Marketing Director BUDUSUSHi, Zlatova Iryna
Published: January 2023

The war became the biggest tragedy for Ukraine. This research will be one of the first marketing scientific articles from the first row of war theatre. The usual logic of entrepreneur is to close the store in case of war because of risks and damage. This research shows that it is possible to grow business even during the war using digital marketing tools. The author tells how to turn risks into possibilities and that there still is a chance to receive clients when competitors are closing. Real numbers of marketing efficiency are provided in this article. Unique factor of war changes management and marketing into fully new concept. New segment of customers appears from the number of soldiers. Ukrainian people start ordering from abroad changing the clients service principles
Myeloperoxidase G-463A and CYBA C242T genetic variants in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jiang Chenyu , Zhou Mi , Bai Huai , Chen Meng , Yang Chunyi , Hu Kaifeng , Wu Yujie , Liu Qingqing , Zhao Yangyu , Liu Xinghui , Fan Ping
Published: January 2023

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We investigated the relationship between NADPH oxidase p22phox subunit (CYBA) C242T (rs4673) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) G-463A (rs2333227) genetic variants and GDM in 719 patients with GDM and 1205 control women. Clinical, metabolic, and oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. We found that frequencies of the A allele (15.6% vs 12.3%) and GA + AA genotype (28.5% vs 23.2%) of the MPO G-463A variation were significantly higher in patients with GDM than in the control women (OR = 1.318, 95% CI: 1.068–1.625, P = 0.010 for the dominant model; OR = 1.999, 95% CI: 1.040–3.843, P = 0.034 for the recessive model; OR = 1.320, 95% CI: 1.095–1.591, P = 0.004 for the allele model). Genotype GA + AA remained a significant predictor of GDM in a logistic regression model including age and BMI at delivery (OR = 1.282, 95% CI: 1.037‒1.583, P = 0.021). Furthermore, the ‒463A allele was associated with higher TG and the 242T allele was related to higher pre-pregnancy BMI and oxidative stress index in all subjects (P < 0.05). The 242T allele was also associated with higher homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance but lower serum total antioxidant capacity in patients with GDM (P < 0.05). We conclude that the MPO G-463A, but not the CYBA C242T, genetic variation is associated with an increased risk of GDM in Chinese women. These two genetic polymorphisms may be linked to obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress.