bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survival outcomes and prognostic factors for ascending nasopharyngeal carcinoma (T4N0-1) receiving radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy: a population-based study from SEER database.
Authors: Wang Fangzheng , Chuner Jiang , Yongfeng Piao , Lei Wang , Fengqin Yan , Zhimin Ye , Zhenfu Fu , Haitao Jiang , Yuezhen Wang , Yangming Jiang
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to investigate survival outcomes and prognostic factors for upward nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients receiving radiation therapy (RT) combined with chemotherapy (CT).
Methods

A total of 421 previously untreated, newly diagnosed T4N0-1 NPC patients, who were identified within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry (years 2004–2015), were collected and retrospectively reviewed. All patients received treatment of RT and CT. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The differences in OS and CSS were compared using Log-rank test. The independent prognostic factors were established by using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.
Results

With a median follow-up duration of 37 months (range: 3-154 months), the 5-year estimate OS and CSS rates were 59.3% and 63.7%, respectively. N0 and ≥ 65 years were poor prognostic factors for OS and CSS. Moreover, histology and race were associated with OS and CSS. Univariate analysis indicated that ≥ 65 years, N0, NHB and grade III were unfavorable independent prognosticators of OS and CSS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that ≥ 65 years, N0 and NHB were correlated with poor OS and CSS.
Conclusion

Patients with stage T4N0-1 NPC receiving RT plus CT had favorable OS and CSS. Moreover, age, N stage and race were independent prognostic factors of OS and CSS.
Mutation profile of non-small cell lung cancer revealed by next generation sequencing
Authors: Chang Ya-Sian , Tu Siang-Jyun , Chen Yu-Chia , Liu Ting-Yuan , Lee Ya-Ting , Yen Ju-Chen , Fang Hsin-Yuan , Chang Jan-Gowth
Published: April 2020

Background: Precision therapy for lung cancer requires comprehensive genomic analyses. Specific effects of targeted therapies have been reported in Asia populations, including Taiwanese, but genomic studies have rarely been performed in these populations. Method: We enrolled 72 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, of whom 61 had adenocarcinoma, 10 had squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 had combined adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Whole-exome or targeted gene sequencing was performed. To identify trunk mutations, we performed whole-exome sequencing in two tumor regions in four patients.Results: Nineteen known driver mutations in EGFR, PIK3CA, KRAS, CTNNB1, and MET were identified in 34 of the 72 tumors evaluated (47.22%). A comparison with the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset showed that EGFR was mutated at a much higher frequency in our cohort than in Caucasians, whereas KRAS and TP53 mutations were found in only 5.56% and 25% of our Taiwanese patients, respectively. We also identified new mutations in ARID1A, ARID2, CDK12, CHEK2, GNAS, H3F3A, KDM6A, KMT2C, NOTCH1, RB1, RBM10, RUNX1, SETD2, SF3B1, SMARCA4, THRAP3, TP53, and ZMYM2. Moreover, all ClinVar pathogenic variants were trunk mutations present in two regions of a tumor. RNA sequencing revealed that the trunk or branch genes were expressed at similar levels among different tumor regions.Conclusions: We identified novel variants potentially associated with lung cancer tumorigenesis. The specific mutation pattern in Taiwanese patients with non-small cell lung cancer may influence targeted therapies.
ACE DD Genotype Is Associated with High Visceral Sensitivity Index Score in Healthy Student Population in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Tomic Nikolina , Osmanbegovic Adi , Mujala Amina , Prtvar Danilo , Hadzic Maida , Ramic Jasmin , Lojo-Kadric Naida , Pojskic Naris , Pojskic Lejla
Published: April 2020

Background

Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI) questionnaire measures gastrointestinal specific anxiety a mediator of the relationship between general psychological distress measures and gastrointestinal symptom severity. Studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may be required for sympatoadrenal activation during stress. The aim of our study was to explore the relationship of ACE gene polymorphisms with the scores for self-reported visceral hypersensitivity in the sample of student population exposed to psychological distress.
Methods

A blood sample was taken from ninety students during exam period. DNA was isolated and genotyping of ACE polymorphism (rs1799752) was performed using PCR method. The PCR products were analysed on a 2% agarose gel. All respondents completed the VSI questionnaire and based on the scores were stratified into two comparison groups. Allele and genotype association was tested using Fisher’s Exact Test in WINPEPI.
Results

Respondents with total score of up to 65 were classified in the first group and with values over 65 in the second group. Increased frequencies of D allele and DD genotype were observed in the subgroup of students with higher VSI score.
Conclusions

Obtained results revealed statistically significant association of allele D and DD genotype with increased VSI score. Our results indicate that further genetic and genome studies of regulation of brain-gut axis and visceral hypersensitivity could be helpful in clinical interpretation of their impact on functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) symptoms and on development of some other acute and chronic stress related conditions in youth population.
Laypeople Perceptions about the Coronavirus Pandemic: Evidence from Khulna, Bangladesh
Authors: Sony M.M. Abdullah Al Mamun , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Roy Tuhin , Basu Banga Kamal
Published: April 2020

The coronavirus (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic. Applying a qualitative approach, we interviewed 16 individuals of Khulna, Bangladesh to know about their perceptions about the pandemic. Interview transcripts were subjected to a thematic analysis. An initial analysis of the interviews revealed that while lay persons’ views about the causes and mode transmission of the virus were in line with the WHO and national messages, a few participants held non-scientific views and engaged in potentially risky behaviors.
The Effect of Lactobacillus Casei and Lactobacillus Acidophilus Probiotic Isolates on the Expression of BCL2, BAX and CASPASE3 Genes in Wistar Breeding Rat Albindor to evaluate Gamma Irradiation Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Changizi Vahid , Azadbakht Omid , Khanzadeh Pegah , Motevaseli Elahe , shafiee mohsen , Nabipour Mehran
Published: April 2020

Background: Radiation therapy is one of the most essential components of cancer treatment, so that more than half of cancer patients receive that treatment modality. Radiotherapy of pelvic, spine, or testicles could cause infertility and oligospermia due to direct effect on the gonads. The testicle, as a high radiosensitive tissue, faces functional disorder with the lowest dose of 0.15 Gy and oligospermia with 0.3–0.5 Gy. Since protection against adverse effects of Radiation is essential, studies are being done to find out radioprotectors with the non-toxic properties. Probiotics are living microorganisms, the effects of which on the intestinal microbial flora can boost the immune system.Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were subjected to dietary supplements, including Lactobacillus Casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus, in four groups, for 17 weeks. After being exposed by 2 Gy gamma radiations, the testicular tissue was extracted, and the expression of the apoptotic genes of Bax, Bcl2, and Cspase3 was evaluated.Results: No significant difference was seen in the expression of Bax, and Bcl24-2 genes among the studied groups. However, Caspase3 expression has increased in the group which hasn’t received Radiation but used Lactobacillus Acidophilus.Conclusion: The present results suggested that the use of the aforementioned probiotics mentioned above would reduce the Radiation-induced apoptosis, which then prevented cell death from oligospermia.
Identification of New Key Genes in Breast Cancer by Co-expression Network Analysis
Authors: Li Xinyang , Wang Yukun , Wang Ziming , Yao Ge , Fan Jiahao , Liang Gaofeng , Wang Xinshuai
Published: April 2020

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women all over the world. This study aimed to identify the potential biomarkers associated with the occurrence and development of breast cancer.Results: Our research downloaded GSE54140 gene expression datasets and GPL10152 platform information from the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, and used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct a scale-free gene co-expression network to explore the associations between gene sets and clinical features. A total of 60 modules were analyzed, and found that the skyblue3 module was significantly related to HER2+ BC. The function of 93 genes in the skyblue3 module was annotated by DAVID bioinformatics tool, and it was demonstrated that the function of the module was mainly related to nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process, cytosol, and oxidoreductase activity. Based on the WGCNA and Cytoscape software analysis, 9 hub genes (PGAP3, PPP1R1B, PNMT, ERBB2, CISD3, CRKRS, TCAP, STARD3, and NEUROD2) were identified. The Human Protein Atlas database detected that the protein level of PGAP3, PPP1R1B, PNMT, ERBB2, CISD3, CRKRS, TCAP, and STARD3 gene in tumor tissues was significantly higher than those in normal tissues. And survival analysis shows that PGAP3, PNMT, ERBB2, TCAP, and STARD3 were negatively associated with the overall survival (P < 0.05).Conclusion: A total of 9 candidate biomarkers were identified by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, among which, the co-expansion of PGAP3 and CRKRS related to ERBB2 may be associated with the occurrence of breast cancer. In addition, PPP1R1B, CRKRS and TCAP are related to drug resistance and adverse reactions in the treatment of breast cancer.
Healthcare Information Systems Implementation Causal Mechanisms in Resource-constrained Environments
Authors: Achieng Mourine Sarah , Ruhode Ephias
Published: April 2020

Background: The implementation of healthcare information systems has regained new interest among scholars, policy makers and governments over the past decades. This is as a result of undesired outcomes of the existing implementation processes which has produced outcomes such as lack of integration between existing systems, uncoordinated thus fragmented silo systems and many more. The implications of such outcomes have been that in most public healthcare facilities, medical information are either never captured, or captured incorrectly or ineffectively. Consequently, the retrieval of such information for decision making purposes at various levels of the healthcare system, becomes a challenge.Objectives: This paper sought to establish causal mechanisms and context-based mediators that influence the implementation of healthcare information systems in public healthcare facilities in resource constrained environments. As such having negative implications of the delivery of healthcare services to people in need.Methods: A case-study strategy approach was employed using a critical realist methodology. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews and document analysis.Results: The findings in this paper indicate that context-based mediators such as leadership and management, maldistribution of resources and health policies have enabling and impeding effects on the implementation of HISs for public healthcare service delivery. Further the results of this paper highlight generative mechanisms such as misinterpretation of polices from paper to practice at operational level of healthcare systems of policies and strategies trigger causal effects that may generate the outcomes experienced in public healthcare service delivery process.Conclusions: The results in this paper suggests that mediating factors and generative mechanisms with inhibiting causal powers in the implementation of healthcare information systems requires more focus during the pre-implementation phase.
Biodiesel production from alternative raw materials using a heterogeneous Low Ordered Biosilicified Enzyme as biocatalyst
Authors: Ferrero Gabriel Orlando , Faba Edgar Maximiliano Sánchez , Eimer Griselda Alejandra
Published: April 2020

Background: Nowadays, as an alternative to the production of fuels and chemicals from the fossil platform, renewable feedstocks are widely investigated. For biomass conversion, a new generation of catalysts with specific characteristics such as high activity and selectivity, easy recovery and reusability is necessary. The design of highly efficient and stable heterogeneous catalysts represents a challenge in this field, mainly to overcome current energy and environmental issues. The combination of enzymatic and heterogeneous inorganic catalysis generates an unprecedented platform that combines the advantages of both. Among the techniques for producing solid catalysts, enzymatic mineralization with an organic silicic precursor to obtain hybrid biocatalysts (biosilicification) is highlighted. This technique can provide exceptional stability to the biocatalyst in drastic conditions of use.Results: Then, under these criteria, this work presents the one-step synthesis of a solid enzymatic catalyst, denominated Low Ordered Biosilicified Enzyme (LOBE) due to their structural properties. Pseudomonas Fluorescens lipase forms aggregates that are contained in the heart of a silicon-covered micelle, providing active sites with the ability to process different raw materials (commercial sunflower and soybean oil, Jatropha excisa oil, waste frying oil, residual soybeans, and pork fat) to produce first and second generation biodiesel. Obtaining yields between 81 and 93% by weight depending on the used raw material.Conclusions: Therefore, refined, non-edible and residual oils (with high water and free fatty acid contents) can be transformed into biodiesel through LOBE catalysts with commercial ethanol as co-substrate.
Sophoridine exerts tumor-suppressive activities via promoting ESRRG-mediated β-catenin degradation in gastric cancer
Authors: Peng Zhiyang , Guan Qing , Luo Jianfei , Deng Wenhong , Liu Jiasheng , Yan Ruicheng , Wang Weixing
Published: April 2020

Background: This study ought to further explore the anti-tumor effects of Sophoridine on gastric cancer cells. Methods: Cell viability assay (CCK-8 assay) was used to measure the IC50 values of Sophoridine on gastirc cancer AGS and SGC7901 cell lines and normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. EdU and colony formation assay were performed to confirm the cytotoxic effect of Sophoridine on AGS and SGC7901 cells. The apoptotic effects of Sophoridine on AGS and SGC7901 cells were measured by Flow cytometry. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the effects of Sophoridine on migration and invasion of AGS and SGC7901 cells. The protein expression of Sophoridine on AGS and SGC7901 cells were detected via Western blot. Results: We demonstrated that Sophoridine exerts potent tumor-suppressive activities, including inhibition of proliferation, colony formulation, migration and invasion, as well as induction of apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. In addition, we further showed that Sophoridine induces G2/M cell cycle arrest via inhibiting double-stranded DNA breaks repair and enhances the efﬁcacy of cisplatin in gastric cancer cells. Molecular studies further revealed that Sophoridine depends on Estrogen-related receptor gamma (ESRRG) to perform tumor-suppressive activities and which leads to the degradation of β-catenin in an ubiquitin-proteasome pathway independent manner. Conclusions: Our study provided the promising preclinical anti-tumor evidence for the potential application of Sophoridine against gastric cancer.
Relationship Between Formulaic Breast Volume And Risk Of Breast Cancer Based On Linear Measurement
Authors: li xiaoxia , Zhou Chunlan , Wu Yanni , Chen Xiaohong
Published: April 2020

Background: Whether breast volume is a risk factor for breast cancer has been controversial. This study aimed to evaluate whether or not the significant association between breast volume and risk of breast cancer based on linear measurement by applying Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was present. Methods: The study was designed as a hospital-based case-control study. Between March 2018 and May 2019, 208 cases and 340 controls were retrospectively reviewed. Information on menarche, smoking, feeding mode, oral contraceptives, reproductive history and family history was obtained through a structured questionnaire. Calculate breast volume using formula based on the linear measurement of breast parameters. Cox regression and PSM were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer by risk factors adjusted for potential confounders. Results: There was a significant difference in breast volume between two groups before Propensity Score Matching(P=0.014) : P=0.009, OR=1.002, 95% CI: 1.000~1.003). Binary logistic regression showed that the risk of breast cancer was slightly higher in the case group with larger breast volume than in the control group（P=0.009, OR=1.002， 95%CI：1.000～1.003). However, there was no significant statistical difference between two groups in independent sample Mann-Whitney U test (P=0.438) and in conditional logistic regression (P=0.446). Conclusions: After PSM for the potential confounders factors, the breast volume of cases did not differ from that of controls. The risk of breast cancer may not related to breast volume in Chinese women.
Clinical and economic outcomes of hospital pharmaceutical care: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Guohua , Huang Rong , Zhang Jing , Li Gaojie , Chen Lei , Xi Xiaoyu
Published: April 2020

Background: Hospital clinical pharmacists have been working in many countries for many years and clinical pharmaceutical care have a positive effect on the recovery of patients. In order to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and economic outcomes of clinical pharmaceutical care, relevant clinical trial studies were reviewed and analysed. Methods: Two researchers searched literatures published from January 1992 to October 2019, and screened them by keywords like pharmaceutical care, pharmaceutical services, pharmacist interventions, outcomes, effects, impact, etc. Then, duplicate literatures were removed and the titles, abstracts and texts were read to screen literatures according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key data in the literature were extracted, and Meta-analysis was conducted using the literature with common outcome indicators. Results: A total of 3299 articles were retrieved, and 42 studies were finally included. Twelve of them were used for meta-analysis. Among the 42 studies included, the main results of pharmaceutical care showed positive effects, 36 experimental groups were significantly better than the control group, and the remaining 6 studies showed mixed or no effects. Meta-analysis showed that clinical pharmacists had significant effects on reducing systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure and shortening hospitalization days (P<0.05), but no statistical significance in reducing medical costs (P>0.05). Conclusion: clinical pharmacists' pharmaceutical care has a significant positive effect on patients' clinical effects, but has no significant economic effect.
Twinning Partnership Helps to Accelerate the Performance of District Health Systems Towards Achieving Universal Health Coverage
Authors: Argaw Mesele Damte , Desta Binyam Fekadu , Kibret Mengistu Asnake , Abebe Melkamu Getu , Heyi Wubishet Kebede , Mamo Elias , Gebru Tesfaye , Gela Chala , Tefera Bekele Belayhun , Bele Temesgen Ayehu
Published: April 2020

Background The twinning partnership is a formal and substantive collaboration between two districts to improve their performance in providing primary healthcare services. The ‘win-win’ twinning partnership pairs relatively high and low performing districts. The purpose of this formative evaluation is to use the empirically derived systems model as an analytical framework to systematically document the inputs, throughputs and outputs of the twinning partnership strategy. Methods This evaluation employed a case study research design and was conducted from October 2018 to September 2019, in Amhara, Oromia, Southern, Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ (SNNP) and Tigray Regions. Qualitative data was collected using interviewer-guided semi-structured interview tools. The data were transcribed verbatim, translated into English and analyzed through the theoretical framework called Bergen Model of Collaborative Functioning (BMCF). Quantitative data were extracted from Routine Health Management Information System. Results were presented using average, percentages and graphs. Result The result of this case study revealed that scanning the mission of the twinning partnership and focusing on a shared vision coupled with mobilizing internal and external resources were the fundamental input element for successful twinning partnership at the district level. In addition, the context of pursuing Universal Health Coverage (UHC) through achieving transformed districts can be enhanced through deploying skilled and knowledgeable leadership, defining clear roles and responsibilities for all stakeholders, forming agreed detailed action plans and effective communication that leads to additive results and synergy. The twinning partnership implementing districts benefit from the formal relationship and accelerate their performances towards meeting criteria of transformed districts in Ethiopia. At the baseline measurement stage, only two out of eight districts achieved a medium performance status; at mid-term, two districts achieved high performance status and during the end-line results out of eight twinning targeted districts, three districts fulfilled the transformation criteria, three districts were categorized as medium performers and the remaining two districts fell into the low performing districts category. Conclusions The implemented twinning partnership helped to accelerate the health system’s performance in achieving the district transformation criteria. Therefore, scaling up the implementation of the twinning partnership strategy is recommended.
Quantitative Measurements of Adaptive Bone Remodeling Around the Cemented Zimmer® Segmental Stem After Tumor Resection Arthroplasty Using Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
Authors: Holm Christina Enciso , Horstmann Peter Frederik , Sørensen Michala Skovlund , Dyreborg Karen , Petersen Michael Mørk
Published: April 2020

Background: Limb salvage surgery is the preferred method for treatment of patients with sarcomas and to a greater extent also to patients with metastatic bone disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptive remodeling of the periprosthetic cortical bone after insertion of a tumor prosthesis with cemented stem. Methods :A prospective study of 21 patients (F/M=12/9), mean age 55 years (range 15-81) with metastatic bone disease (n=9), sarcomas (n=8) or aggressive benign tumors (n=4) who underwent bone tumor resection and reconstruction with a tumor-prosthesis (Zimmer® Segmental 130 mm straight fluted cemented stem with trabecular metal collars in the proximal femur (n=10), distal femur (n=9) or proximal tibia (n=2) . Measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) (g/cm 2 ) were done postoperatively and after 3, 6, and 12 months using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD was measured in 4 regions of interest around the cemented stem and in one region of interest 1 cm proximal from the ankle joint of the affected limb and measurement of the contralateral ankle was used as reference. Repeated measures ANOVA and students paired t-test was used to evaluate BMD changes over time. Results: At 1-year follow-up, BMD decreased compared to baseline in all four regions of interest with a statistically significant bone loss of 8-15%. The bone loss was most pronounced (14-15%) in the 2 regions of interest closest to the trabecular metal collar and lowest (8%) adjacent to the tip of the stem. Conclusion: After one year the decrease in bone mineral density of the ankle on the affected limb was 9% and the contralateral ankle was close to baseline, thus suggesting that the periprosthetic bone mineral density changes during follow-up, mainly are caused by stress shielding and immobilization. Trial registration The study was approved by the Scientific Ethical Committee of the Capital Region of Denmark (J. No. H-2-2014-105) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (J. No.:2012-58-00004).
Segregation of Flower Color and Eyespot in Althea
Authors: Lattier Jason D. , Contreras Ryan N.
Published: April 2020

Althea (Hibiscus syriacus) is an ornamental shrub prized for its winterhardiness, flower colors, and unique flower forms, including single-flowered and double-flowered types. Although floral traits are most important for breeders of althea, little is known about their segregation patterns. The objective of this study was to determine segregation patterns in flower color, including eyespot, among hybrid seedlings of elite taxa. Over 4 years, more than 3100 flowering seedlings were produced for observation of F1, F2, and backcross families. For each plant, data were collected including presence of eyespot and petal body color (CIEL*a*b*) using a colorimeter. Recessive testcrosses and χ2 analyses were performed among three taxa (‘Buddha Belly’, ‘Diana’, and White Chiffon®), and between this recessive group and a suite of colorful taxa. Self-pollination and intercrosses within homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive groups further confirmed their genotypes. Based on these results, we propose that eyespot is controlled by a single gene called spotless, named for the recessive allele that results in a complete elimination of color in flowers. Crosses that resulted in seedlings that all produced eyespots were observed to segregate for color in the petal body. Of these, one group produced white to blush pink petals, which was recessive to full color. Recessive testcrosses and χ2 analyses were performed among nine taxa exhibiting eyespots with white to blush petal bodies, and between taxa with full-color petal bodies. These testcrosses resulted in a putative homozygous dominant group composed mostly of blue and dark pink taxa, whereas the heterozygous group was composed mostly of pink taxa. Spotless taxa were also added to these two groups, suggesting an epistatic interaction with the spotless allele. Based on these results, we propose that petal body color is controlled by a single gene called geisha, named for the recessive allele that produces white to blush-pink petal bodies and dark red eyespot. This trait exhibits incomplete dominance and is under epistatic control by spotless. Geisha-type flowers lack pigment in the petal body, or exhibit a blush pink, likely produced by low levels of cyanidin, peonidin, and pelargonidin. The interaction and segregation of these two genes was confirmed in F1, F2, and backcross families from two crosses: Lil’ Kim™ × Blue Chiffon™ and Fiji™ × White Chiffon®. This study on segregation of flower color in H. syriacus contributes substantial and useful information on inheritance of color and will facilitate targeted breeding to improve this vibrant ornamental shrub.
Stratigraphy and age of Karoo basalts of Lesotho and implications for correlations within the Karoo igneous province. Springbok Flats.xls
Authors: Marsh Julian S , Hooper Peter R , Rehacek Jakub , Duncan Robert A. , R. Duncan Alasdair
Published: April 2020

The Lesotho remnant contains the type succession for Karoo low-Ti
basalts of central southern Africa. The 40Ar/39Ar dating indicates that
the sequence was emplaced within a very short period at about 180 Ma and
consists of a monotonous pile of compound basalt lava flows which lacks
significant palaeosols and persistent sedimentary intercalations. We have used
geochemistry to establish a stratigraphic subdivision of the lava pile. Thin
units of basalt flows, the Moshesh's Ford, Golden Gate, Sani, Roma, Letele, and
Wonderkop units, with diverse geochemical character and restricted geographical
distribution, are present at the base of the succession. These are overlain by extensive
units of compositionally more uniform basalt, the Mafika Lisiu, Maloti, Senqu
and Mothae units, which build the bulk of the sequence.
Location of this section is
described in Marsh et al. (1997) AGU Geophysical Monograph, 100, 247-272.

Title of data set: Springbok
Flats

Location of Borehole RL1 (SF
samples) – S24.9367 deg; E 28.3750 deg

Location of Borehole RTL1 – S
24.4400 deg; E 29.1767 deg

Location of Borehole WD4 – S
24.6483 deg; E 28.7450 deg

Location of Borehole LB1 – S
24.8817 deg; E 28.5833 deg

Borehole TF2 – base of volcanic
sequence – 768m

Borehole TF1 – base of volcanic
sequence – 357m

All Sr-, Nd- and Pb-isotope
values are MEASURED values.
Geochemistry of Karoo basalts and dolerites in the northeastern Orange Free State: Recognition and origin of new Karoo basalt magma types. NE Free State.xls
Authors: Marsh Julian S
Published: April 2020

One of the most significant results emerging from the Karoo Volcanics Project of the NGP ls the recognition of a number of geochemically distinct basalt magma types occurring within the lower part of the Karoo volcanic pile in the Northeastern Cape and Southern Lesotho.
NE Free State
Department of Geology
Authors: Tsikos Harilaos , Marsh Julian S , Eales Hugh V
Published: April 2020

Datasets emanating from research undertaken at the Department of Geology at Rhodes University.
O processo de integração regional como um jogo de coordenação: uma análise comparada para o setor hidroelétrico da ECOWAS, SADC, CAN e MERCOSUL
Authors: Campos Taiane Las Casas , Anastasia Fátima
Published: April 2020

Neste artigo são analisados comparativamente quatro processos de integração regional de países em desenvolvimento: Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN), Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL), Southern African Development Community (SADC) e Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Argumenta-se que as negociações regionais se pautam na consolidação de agendas, para as quais a estratégia dominante dos atores é a cooperação. Tais processos ocorrem por meio dos jogos de coordenação, com vistas a definir um “ponto de coordenação” entre as preferências dos Estados-membros dos acordos regionais. Discute-se a conformação dos acordos regionais para o tema da energia elétrica, nos quatro casos, visando demonstrar que as preferências dos Estados-membros acabam por estabelecer diferentes formatos relativamente à integração regional e à regulação estatal. Seu objeto central é a integração regional e suas variações. O tema da energia elétrica3 entra apenas como referente empírico para a análise em tela.
Criando a realidade através da narrativa: análise comparada das notícias sobre migração veiculadas por UN News e CNN
Authors: Diniz Schwether Natalia , Nascimento Gabriela Santos
Published: April 2020

Este artigo compara notícias veiculadas pela UN News, portal da ONU, e pelo jornal eletrônico CNN3. Emprega-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, com o intuito de identificar diferentes abordagens sobre a temática das migrações, restritas ao segundo semestre de 2018. A hipótese de pesquisa é que, em geral, a UN News adota em suas abordagens uma postura mais humanitária que a CNN, em consonância com os valores expressos desde a fundação da Organização. A perspectiva teórica construtivista fornece suporte à pesquisa, ao considerar que a realidade é uma construção social influenciada por diversos atores (entre eles a mídia), assim como a sociologia da comunicação, a qual retrata a construção da notícia como um processoinfluenciado por uma série de práticas, procedimentos e discursos. O estudo se justifica em virtude da capacidade que as notícias possuem de influenciar a opinião pública e, até mesmo, alterar processos políticos. Dentre os principais achados destaca-se a preferência da CNN por abordar o tema com ênfase para os aspectos de segurança e econômicos, enquanto na UN News observa-se uma maior recorrência de categorias associadas aos direitos humanos.
Democratização, política externa e direitos humanos: uma releitura do caso brasileiro
Authors: Saturnino Braga Pablo
Published: April 2020

A relação entre processos de democratização e a política externa é um tema bastante explorado nos campos da Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais, e o argumento deste artigo basicamente se apoia na revisão dessa literatura. No Brasil, a maior parte da literatura interpreta que a democratização teve impacto limitado nas linhas gerais da política externa brasileira. Todavia, na agenda de direitos humanos, o discurso da política externa foi reformulado para a recuperação das credenciais diplomáticas do Brasil. A democratizaçãoimpulsiona a adesão dos países ao regime internacional de direitos humanos. A análise da adesão brasileira aos mecanismos de monitoramento internacional de direitos humanos demonstra, por outro lado, a lentidão dessa dinâmica, que seguiu o ritmo da natureza do processo de democratização, sem justiça de transição, e também a mudança das variáveis regionais e sistêmicas após o fim da Guerra Fria.
México: Estimación de la migración internacional en el periodo 1960-1980
Authors: Castro Martignoni Jorge
Published: April 2020

En este trabajo se presenta una estimación sobre el número de inmigrantes, emigrantes y migrantes netos internacionales por sexo y grupos de edades, para cada uno de los cuatro intervalos quinquenales de migración contenidos en el periodo que va de 1960 a 1980.Se describe de la forma más acabada posible, el procedimiento empleado en la estimación de los migrantes internacionales de entrada y de salida, para los períodos de migración 1960-1965,1965-1970, 1970-1975 Y 1975-1980, concluyendo con la presentación de las estimaciones resultantes.En el caso de la emigración, las fuentes de datos utilizadas fueron fundamentalmente el Censo de Población de Estados Unidos de 1980 a través de las estimaciones de Warren y Passel y la información derivada del proyecto de Investigación de la Migración Internacional de Latinoamérica (lMILA) llevado a cabo por el Centro Latinoamericano de Demografía (CELADE). La fuente de datos principal para la estimación de la inmigración internacional fue el Censo General de Población y Vivienda de 1980 de la república mexicana.El hecho de tener que recurrir a fuentes de datos diferentes para la estimación de cada una de las dos componentes de la inmigración internacional, requiere de un cuidadoso tratamiento de los datos básicos, sin el cual se llegaría a resultados que contendrían importantes limitaciones producto de la falta de comparabilidad estricta entre las fuentes de información utilizadas. En este sentido, el trabajo pone especial cuidado en el tratamiento de las estimaciones de inmigrantes internacionales de retorno a México y  inmigrantes internacionales extranjeros
Calcar-Guided Short Stems in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Two-Year Prospective Multicentre Study
Authors: Mittelstaedt Hagen , Hochreiter Josef , Anderl Conrad , Johl Carsten , Krüger Thomas , Hubel Wilmar , Weigert Ulrich , Schagemann Jan C.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Calcar-guided short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is increasingly being used to preserve proximal femoral bone stock for potential later revision surgery.

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to expand the clinical evidence on calcar-guided short-stem THA used in daily clinical practice, focusing on clinical outcomes as well as radiographic signs of stress shielding and femoral bone loss.

Methods:

In a prospective multicentre study, we enrolled 213 patients with a total of 224 THAs for mainly degenerative indications. The patients were examined clinically and radiographically 6 to 12 weeks, 12 months, and 24 months postoperatively.

Results:

All clinical outcomes improved significantly over the first 6 to 12 weeks compared to preoperative values (P < 0.001). At 24 months, the mean Harris hip score was 95.3 ± 6.7, and the mean visual analogue scale for pain was 1.0 ± 1.7 under load and 0.5 ± 1.3 at rest. We observed early distal stem migration in six patients and late migration in one patient. Additionally, we found 16 cases of radiographic signs indicative of stress shielding. Four patients required stem revision surgery: two for stem migration, one for periprosthetic fracture, and one for deep infection.

Conclusion:

Overall, calcar-guided short-stem THA resulted in excellent clinical outcomes after two years of follow-up, and the radiographs revealed few signs of stress shielding. We, therefore, regard calcar-guided short-stem THA as a safe and effective treatment alternative in daily clinical practice.
Effects of Split Application of Urea Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties, Maize Performance and Profitability in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ogunboye Oluwaseyi I. , Adekiya Aruna O. , S. Ewulo Babatunde , Olayanju Adeniyi
Published: April 2020

Background:

Since N fertilizer applied to maize (Zea mays L.) is prone to loss by leaching, it is important to derive an application time during the phenology of maize when the fertilizer is most efficiently and effectively used by the crop with minimal losses.

Objective:

Hence, experiments were carried out in 2014 at two locations in Osogbo southwest Nigeria to determine the effects of split application of N fertilizer on soil chemical properties, maize performance, and profitability.

Methods:

The treatments were: (i) control, (ii) 120 kg N ha-1 Applied at Planting (AP), (iii) two split applications (SA) of 120 kg N ha-1 {90 kg N ha-1 applied AP + 30kg N ha-1 at thirty Days After Planting (DAP) [90 + 30]}, and (iv) three SA of 120 kg N ha-1 {60 kg N ha-1 applied AP + 30 kg N ha-1 thirty DAP + 30 kg N ha-1 at tasselling[60+30+30]}. The four treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates.

Results:

Results indicate that at both sites, SA three times (60+30+30) has the most improved soil chemical properties, growth and yield of maize relative to other methods. The yield parameters increased in the order: control < 120 kg N ha-1 applied once < 90+30 < 60+30+30. Using the mean of both sites, 60+30+30 increased yield of maize by 15.3%, 37.1% and 138.2%, respectively compared with 90+30, 120 kg N ha-1 applied once and the control. Optimum returns were recorded by 60+30+30 with net return of ₦ 227,600 and a benefit cost ratio of 3.67:1 while the application of 120 kg N ha-1 applied once has a return of ₦ 157,200 with a benefit ratio of 2.9. These results show that farmers would benefit by making more profit by adopting the method of SA of N fertilizer three times (60+30+30).

Conclusion:

Therefore, for improved soil chemical properties, growth, yield and profitability of maize, N fertilizer application should be structured in accordance with this pattern of uptake to avoid losses by leaching and therefore ensure that N level in the soil is high at the critical stage of N demand.
PROFIL SEBARAN GETARAN DI LINGKUNGAN INDUSTRI MESIN MINUMAN
Authors: Fatkhurrahman Januar Arif , Romadhon Moch Syarif
Published: April 2020

Kinerja mesin produksi pada industri mesin minuman, terutama pada mesin pencetak menimbulkan getaran mekanik yang merambat ke lingkungan kerja. Efek getaran yang merambat pada lingkungan kerja dapat dianalisis berdasarkan gangguan terhadap kenyamanan kerja terhadap jarak rambat getaran. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tahapan; pengambilan data getaran, analisis efek getaran terhadap ukkan kenyamanan kerja berdasar frekuensi dan jarak rambat getaran, dan pendekatan persamaan matematis terhadap tingkat getaran pada profil mesin pencetak di industri mesin minuman. Dari hasil analisis efek getaran terhadap kenyamanan kerja, rambat getaran semakin melemah seiring dengan jarak, paparan tertinggi getaran terjadi pada jarak 6 – 12 meter dari sumber getaran, penggunaan matlab digunakan untuk melihat profil  Rambat Getaran terukur dilihat dari persamaan matematis rambat getaran. Profil Rambat Getaran hasil pengukuran belum cukup equal dengan persamaan matematis rambat getaran, dikarenakan banyaknya traksumber gangguan getaran lain di sekitar lokasi pengukuran.
PENGARUH H2O2, PH DAN SUMBER SINAR PADA DEGRADASI AIR LIMBAH PEWARNA INDIGO MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS TIO2
Authors: Djarwanti D , Syahroni Cholid
Published: April 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengkaji sampai sejauh mana pengaruh peroksida, pH dan sumber sinar lampu UV dan sinar matahari dalam proses degradasi fotokatalisis terhadap air limbah indigo menggunakan reaktor rotating drum . Tahapan penelitian adalah : pembuatan katalis TiO2 /Ti secara anodizing, karakterisasi katalis melalui uji XRD dan SEM dilanjutkan dengan degradasi fotokatalisis air limbah pewarna indigo Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa struktur kristal adalah anatase dengan ukuran 4 – 17 nm. Bentuk Kristal nanotube berdiameter 100 nm. Hasil degradasi secara fotokatalitik dengan variasi penambahan hidrogen peroksida menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada  penambahan peroksida 0,1% volum.  Variasi pH tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap degradasi sampel limbah indigo baik itu pH asam maupun basa. Degradasi di bawah sinar matahari memberi efek lebih baik dibanding dengan lampu UV.
Kajian Penerapan Produksi Bersih di Industri Tahu di Desa Jimbaran, Bandungan, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Djayanti Silvy
Published: April 2020

Peran industri kecil di beberapa wilayah Kabupaten Semarang sangat penting dalam menunjang perekonomian, khususnya di sekitar lokasi industri tersebut. Salah satu industri kecil yang memiliki potensi berkembang adalah industri tahu. Di Jawa tengah ada sekitar 500 industri tahu, yang sampai saat ini masih terus mengembangkan kapasitas produksinya. Industri tahu adalah salah satu industri kecil yang berpotensi menyebabkan masalah lingkungan. Hampir seluruh industri kecil, terutama industri tahu, sebagian besar tidak memiliki instalasi pemanfaatan limbah dan pengolahan limbah, karena dibutuhkan investasi yang besar untuk membangun unit tersebut. Dengan melihat masalah tersebut, pendekatan yang dapat menyelesaikan masalah tersebut adalah dengan cara menerapkan produksi bersih. Kajian penerapan teknologi bersih ini dilakukan dengan metode quick scanning pada setiap tahapan proses produksi. Proses  produksi  tahu terdiri  dari  pemilihan kedelai, penimbangan kedelai, perendaman, pencucian, penggilingan, ekstraksi, penyaringan, pemasakan, penggumpalan, pemisahan whey, pembungkusan, pengepresan, pemasakan, dan pengemasan. Pada proses pembuatan tahu di industri ini memiliki perbedaan dari pembuatan tahu di Industri tahu lain, yaitu terdapat penambahan garam dan bawang putih untuk menambah sedap produk tahu. Hasil kajian penerapan produksi bersih di industri tahu adalah good house keeping, recycle, reduce dan reuse. Berdasarkan beberapa kriteria kelayakan, alternatif penerapan produksi bersih untuk industri ini berupa modifikasi tungku yang dilengkapi dengan cerobong asap, modifikasi alat penyaringan dengan mesin, dan pembangunan instalasi digester untuk penghasil biogas. Kesimpulan kajian ini industri tahu ini belum mengenal produksi bersih. Manfaat yang diperoleh dari penerapan produksi bersih berupa penghematan bahan bakar, peningkatan rendemen filtrat tahu, dan kebersihan lingkungan.
KOMPARASI ANALISIS TOTAL COLIFORM DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE MPN 5 TABUNG DAN ENZIM SUBSTRAT
Authors: Handayani Novarina Irnaning
Published: April 2020

Dalam pemantauan kualitas lingkungan untuk air minum, air bersih, air limbah, dan air sungai, mensyaratkan aspek mikrobiologi parameter coliform dan atau coli tinja sebagai indikator pencemaran lingkungan. Pada saat ini metode yang paling banyak digunakan adalah Number (MPN) 5 tabung yang memiliki waktu pengerjaan minimal 4 hari. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjajaki kemungkinan pemakaian metode lain yang telah terstandarisasi dan memiliki beberapa keunggulan. Metode yang dipilih adalah enzim substrat. Uji laboratorium dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil analisis antara MPN 5 tabung dan enzim substrat, masing-masing dengan ulangan 7 kali. Hasil komparasi menunjukkan bahwa analisa dengan menggunakan metode enzim substrat memberikan hasil yang lebih besar atau lebih sensitif dibanding MPN 5 tabung. Pada sampel yang mengandung bakteri coli yang tinggi, dalam hal ini pada sampel air limbah dan air sungai perbedaan hasil antara MPN 5 tabung dan enzim substrat sangat signifikan, sedangkan pada sampel dengan kandungan coli kecil atau tidak ada, hasil keduanya sama.  Metode enzim substrat sangat direkomendasikan untuk sampel air minum dan air bersih sehingga akan memberikan hasil yang lebih meyakinkan bagi penggunanya. Kandungan coliform pada sampel air minum dan air bersih walaupun sangat kecil akan benar-benar terdeteksi oleh metode yang memiliki sensitifitas lebih baik.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL DETECTION OF GAMMA RADIATION AND POLLUTING GASES USING QUADROCOPTERS
Authors: Molnar A.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Aim. Accurate knowledge of the extent and local distribution of pollution plays a key role in many areas of life.

Method. Although there are many well-known and generally-accepted methods for obtaining the intended data, these methods do not give a satisfactory result in cases when it is necessary to determine the exact parameters of pollution quickly and in a relatively small area (e.g. an industrial zone of several square kilometers, a residential area, etc.) and to determine changes in these parameters as expressed numerically. Small UAVs (multicopter with fixed or rotating wing) were equipped with sensitive detectors for gamma rays and polluting gases, including the assignation of flight data coordinates to the measured data. Such informational groupings provide the opportunity to determine the distribution of radiation or air polluting gases. Using this method, it is possible to identify and localise illegally-stored or illegally-released gamma ray emitting materials, continuously monitor pollution caused by chemical disasters and determine the spatial distribution of pollution.

Results. The article presents systems based on practical experiments, which, in the case of using a gamma detector, allow the localisation of objects using low radiation doses along with a high-quality map of gamma radiation in a specific area; and, in the case of gas sensors, the visualisation of the spatial distribution of a polluting gas. The method is used primarily in the field to detect gamma emitters with low activity or to analyse the emission of industrial facilities with the emission of pollutants.

Conclusion. The combination of spatial coordinates with remote sensing data comprises an effective meas-urement method. The developed system is generally applicable for mobile platforms equipped with sensors. The systems are designed to provide fast, efficient and reliable measurements that can be used for both detection and control. The type of pollutants to be measured depends on the sensors used. The experiments also indicate that, when replacing the used sensors, it may be necessary to change the processing of the measured data in accordance with the characteristics of the particular sensor; however, in general, data processing and visualisation of the results can be carried out in practice.