bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radiomic Features of Multiparametric MRI Present Stable Associations with Analogous Histological Features in Patients with Brain Cancer
Authors: Bobholz Samuel A. , Lowman Allison K. , Barrington Alexander , Brehler Michael , McGarry Sean , Cochran Elizabeth J. , Connelly Jennifer , Mueller Wade M. , Agarwal Mohit , O'Neill Darren , Nencka Andrew S. , Banerjee Anjishnu , LaViolette Peter S.
Published: June 2020

Magnetic resonance (MR)-derived radiomic features have shown substantial predictive utility in modeling different prognostic factors of glioblastoma and other brain cancers. However, the biological relationship underpinning these predictive models has been largely unstudied, and the generalizability of these models had been called into question. Here, we examine the localized relationship between MR-derived radiomic features and histology-derived “histomic” features using a data set of 16 patients with brain cancer. Tile-based radiomic features were collected on T1, post-contrast T1, FLAIR, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-derived apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images acquired before patient death, with analogous histomic features collected for autopsy samples coregistered to the magnetic resonance imaging. Features were collected for each original image, as well as a 3D wavelet decomposition of each image, resulting in 837 features per MR and histology image. Correlative analyses were used to assess the degree of association between radiomic–histomic pairs for each magnetic resonance imaging. The influence of several confounds was also assessed using linear mixed-effect models for the normalized radiomic–histomic distance, testing for main effects of different acquisition field strengths. Results as a whole were largely heterogeneous, but several features showed substantial associations with their histomic analogs, particularly those derived from the FLAIR and postcontrast T1W images. These features with the strongest association typically presented as stable across field strengths as well. These data suggest that a subset of radiomic features can consistently capture texture information on underlying tissue histology.
Computational Modeling of Interstitial Fluid Pressure and Velocity in Head and Neck Cancer Based on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Feasibility Analysis
Authors: LoCastro Eve , Paudyal Ramesh , Mazaheri Yousef , Hatzoglou Vaios , Oh Jung Hun , Lu Yonggang , Konar Amaresha Shridhar , Eigen Kira vom , Ho Alan , Ewing James R. , Lee Nancy , Deasy Joseph O. , Shukla-Dave Amita
Published: June 2020

We developed and tested the feasibility of computational fluid modeling (CFM) based on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for quantitative estimation of interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and velocity (IFV) in patients with head and neck (HN) cancer with locoregional lymph node metastases. Twenty-two patients with HN cancer, with 38 lymph nodes, underwent pretreatment standard MRI, including DCE-MRI, on a 3-Tesla scanner. CFM simulation was performed with the finite element method in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The model consisted of a partial differential equation (PDE) module to generate 3D parametric IFP and IFV maps, using the Darcy equation and Ktrans values (min−1, estimated from the extended Tofts model) to reflect fluid influx into tissue from the capillary microvasculature. The Spearman correlation (ρ) was calculated between total tumor volumes and CFM estimates of mean tumor IFP and IFV. CFM-estimated tumor IFP and IFV mean ± standard deviation for the neck nodal metastases were 1.73 ± 0.39 (kPa) and 1.82 ± 0.9 × (10−7 m/s), respectively. High IFP estimates corresponds to very low IFV throughout the tumor core, but IFV rises rapidly near the tumor boundary where the drop in IFP is precipitous. A significant correlation was found between pretreatment total tumor volume and CFM estimates of mean tumor IFP (ρ = 0.50, P = 0.004). Future studies can validate these initial findings in larger patients with HN cancer cohorts using CFM of the tumor in concert with DCE characterization, which holds promise in radiation oncology and drug-therapy clinical trials.
Bazı Örtücü Bitkilerin Trabzon Hurması (Diospyros kaki L.)’nda Verim ve Meyve Kalitesine Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: MACİT İdris , KALE Kübra , DEMİR Zeynep , DOK Mahmut , AK Kibar , IŞIK Prof. Dr. Doğan
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma; Trabzon hurması (Diospyros kaki L.) bahçelerinde yabancı otlarla mücadelede kullanılan bazı örtücü bitkilerin, verim ve kalite üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması amacıyla 2013-2014 yıllarında, Samsun’da yürütülmüştür. Çalışma, tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada Trifolium repens, Festuca rubra rubra, Festuca arundinacea ve bu türlerin sırasıyla % 40+30+30 oranındaki karışımı, Vicia villosa ve Trifolium meneghinianum’dan oluşan örtücü bitki parselleri ile mekanik mücadele, herbisitle mücadele parselleri ve yabancı otlu kontrol parseli olmak üzere 9 farklı uygulama ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, uygulamaların Trabzon hurması verimini etkiledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada; en yüksek dekara verim 1617.5 kg da-1 ile V. villosa parsellerinden elde edilirken, en düşük dekara verim ise 355.7 kg da-1 ile yabancı otlu kontrol parsellerinden elde edilmiştir. Meyve boyu değerleri en yüksek 69.0 mm ile herbisitle mücadele parsellerinde, en düşük 45.2 mm ile F. rubra rubra parsellerinde olmuştur. Meyve eni değerlerinde istatistiki açıdan iki grup oluşmuş, 74.7 mm ile F. arundinaceae, 71.5 mm ile F. rubra rubra, 71.3 ile herbisitle mücadele parselleri yüksek grupta yer almıştır. Şekil indeksinde ise en yüksek oran 1.15 ile T. meneghinianum parsellerinde, en düşük 0.80 ile F. arundinacea parsellerinden elde edilmiştir. Meyve ağırlığı değerleri en yüksek 165.5 g ile F. arundinacea parsellerinde, en düşük ise 109.9 g ile T. repens, F. rubra rubra, F. arundinacea karışımı parsellerinde bulunmuştur. Suda çözünebilir kuru madde oranları ise en yüksek % 21.2 ile T. repens, F. rubra rubra, F. arundinacea karışımı parsellerinden, en düşük % 18.3 ile V. villosa parsellerinden elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucuna göre örtücü bitkilerin Trabzon hurması bahçelerinde verim ve kalite üzerine olumlu etki yaptıkları için yabancı otlarla mücadelede alternatif olarak önerilebilecekleri belirlenmiştir.
Antep Fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Üretimi Yapan İşletmelerin Tarımsal Mekanizasyon Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi: Türkiye, Siirt İli Örneği
Authors: AYGÜN Metin , GÜRSOY Songül
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan Siirt ili merkez ve ilçelerinde Antep fıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) üretimi yapan işletmelerin tarımsal mekanizasyon özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla fıstık tarımının yoğun olarak yapıldığı köylerde tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak seçilen 165 işletmede anket çalışmaları 2019 yılında yürütülmüştür. Yürütülen anket çalışmaları kapsamında, bölgedeki fıstık üreticilerinin arazi, traktör ve tarım alet makine varlıkları göz önünde bulundurularak, Siirt ilinin mevcut mekanizasyon düzeyi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin değerlendirilmesi sonucunda, işletme başına düşen traktör sayısı 0.43 adet, işletme başına düşen traktör motor gücü 22.51 kW, ortalama traktör gücü 53.06 kW, traktör başına düşen alet-makine sayısı 2.02 adet, işletme başına düşen alet-makine sayısı 0.85 adet, birim alandaki ortalama traktör motor gücü 3.38 kW ha-1, bir traktörün işlediği alan 15.69 ha olarak saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, işletme ve traktör başına düşen alet-makine sayısı göz önünde bulundurulduğu zaman, Antepfıstığı üretimi yapan işletmelerin mekanizasyon düzeylerinin Türkiye ortalamasından daha düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Bölgedeki işletmelerin küçük boyutta ve monokültür ürün desenine sahip olmasının, mekanizasyon düzeyinin gelişimini önemli ölçüde engellediğini söylemek mümkündür.﻿
NOISE AND SUBJECTIVE COMPLAINTS OF WORKERS AS EFFORT TO CONTROL THE OCCURRENCE OF NOISE INDUCED PERMANENT THRESHOLD SHIF (NIPTS)
Authors: Wardani Ratnaningtyas Wahyu Kusuma , Nurika Globila , Lutfiya Indah , Nawawinetu Erwin Dyah
Published: June 2020

Background: Timber industry is one industry that has experienced an increase in noise levels as a result of the presence of modern machines, higher speeds, and more levels so that the risk of workers experiencing hearing loss due to noise can increase as the occurrence of Noise-Induced Permanent Threshold Shif (NIPTS). Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk factors associated with subjective complaints of workers due to noise at work and formulate control measures to prevent the occurrence of NIPTS. Methods: This type of research is analytic observational with a cross-sectional design at PT.X, Probolinggo Regency in June 2019. The research sample of 44 respondents was chosen randomly by simple random sampling and the data were analyzed by chi-square test (α = 0.05). Result: The results of noise measurements in the work environment show that the 5 areas in the production section, only 3 areas have an average noise more than 85 dBA, namely WW1, WW2, and WW3. Whereas the most non-auditory complaints suffered by workers were among those with noise intensity of more than 85 dBA and in the WW2 and WW1 work areas. The results of cross-tabulation and analysis of Chi-Square statistical tests showed that the value of p = 0,000 <(α = 0.05). This means there is a significant relationship between noise intensity with complaints of hearing loss in workers. Conclusion: only the intensity of noise with complaints of hearing loss in workers who have a statistically significant relationship.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ABILITY TO PERFORM PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTS WITH QCST
Authors: Nawawiwetu Erwin Dyah , Lutfiya Indah
Published: June 2020

Background: VO2 max measurement method for physical fitness test using QCST method has been widely used. VO2 max measurement is important for workers to determine the appropriate loading. There are several factors related to a person's ability to carry out physical fitness tests, including body posture, pulse, BMI, gender. Purpose: analyze factors related to the ability to conduct tests with the QCST method. Method: This research was analytic observational type which was conducted cross-sectional on 46 respondents taken randomly on 48 third-year D3K3 students in the Faculty of Vocational Studies of Universitas Airlangga. The independent variable consisted of gender, resting pulse rate and BMI. Dependent variable is the ability to complete the QCST test for 3 minutes. The relationship between variables was tested using the Fischer and Chi-square test with a significance of 5%. Results: The results showed that most respondents were unable to complete the QCST test for 3 minutes. There is no relationship between the ability to perform the QCST test with gender (p=0,365); resting pulse (p = 0,351) and BMI (p =0,187). Conclusion: QCST test for 3 minutes is too heavy for respondents. It is necessary to modify the QCST test that is appropriate for Indonesians.
HUBUNGAN SMARTPHONE ADDICTION DAN SELF-EFFICACY DENGAN PRESTASI AKADEMIK PADA REMAJA
Authors: Agesti Linda Pradani , Fitryasari Rizki , Armini NK Alit , Yusuf Ah
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Remaja memiliki ketertarikan yang lebih besar terhadap penggunaan smartphone, hal ini membuat remaja lebih rentan mengalami smartphone addiction. Prestasi akademik di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah hal ini dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yaitu faktor internal contohnya self-efficacy dan faktor eksternal adalah penggunaan smartphone. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan smartphone addiction dan self-efficacy dengan prestasi akademik berdasarkan teori Bandura.Metode: Jumlah sampel adalah 219 siswa dengan menggunakan cluster sampling. Variabel independen adalah smartphone addiction dan self-efficacy. Variabel dependen adalah prestasi akademik. Data dikumpulkan menggunaakan kuesioner dan analisis dengan uji Spearman α < 0,05.Hasil: Smartphone addiction dapat menurunkan self-efficacy (p = 0,009)  arah korelasi negatif (r = -0,177). Smartphone addiction juga dapat menurunkan prestasi akademik (p=0,046) arah korelasi negatif (r = -0,135). Self-efficacy tidak memiliki hubungan dengan prestasi akademik (p = 0,262).Kesimpulan: Smartphone addiction dapat membuat remaja mengalami resah apabila tidak menggunakan smartphone, sedangkan self-efficacy dapat dipengaruhi oleh perilaku cemas dan resah. Perawat perlu melakukan pendidikan kesehatan terhadap orangtua maupun siswa terkait kecanduan smartphone dan hubungannya dengan self-efficacy dan prestasi akademik siswa.ABSTRACTIntroduction: Adolescents have a greater interest in smartphone use, this makes teens more vulnerable to experiencing smartphone addiction. Academic achievement in Indonesia is still relatively low, this is influenced by several factors,  internal factor like self-efficacy and the external factor includes are smartphone use. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between smartphone addiction and self-efficacy with academic achievement based on Bandura's theory.Method: The number of samples was 219 students by using cluster sampling. The independent variable is smartphone addiction and self-efficacy. The dependent variable is academic achievement. Data were collected using questionnaires and analysis with the Spearman test α <0.05.Result: Smartphone addiction can reduce self-efficacy (p = 0,009) direction of correlation negative (r = -0,177). Smartphone addiction can also reduce academic achievement (p = 0.046) direction of correlation negative (r = -0.135). Self-efficacy has no relationship with academic achievement (p = 0.262).Conclusion: Smartphone addiction can make teenagers experience restlessness when not using a smartphone, while self-efficacy can be influenced by anxious and restless behavior. Nurses need to do health education for parents and students related to smartphone addiction and its relationship with student self-efficacy and academic achievement.
PENGALAMAN ADAPTASI REMAJA PASCA BENCANA GEMPA DI LOMBOK NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Anika Nova , Yusuf Ah , Tristiana Rr Dian
Published: June 2020

Pendahuluan: Kejadian bencana dapat menimbulkan kerugian baik dari aspek fisik, psikologis, properti dan lingkungan. Bencana mempengaruhi kesejahteraan psikologis dan kesehatan mental individu, baik orang dewasa maupun anak-anak dan remaja. Diperlukan proses adaptasi pasca bencana untuk mencapai respon yang adaptif bagi remaja sehingga stress pasca trauma tidak menjadi patologis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman adaptasi remaja pasca bencana gempa di Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat tahun 2018.Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif fenomenologi dengan teknik wawancara mendalam kepada 18 orang remaja terdampak bencana gempa di Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat,  Analisis data yang digunakan mengacu pada sembilan langkah teknik analisis data collaizi.Hasil: hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh 11 tema: 1) Perubahan cara bersosialisasi, 2) Perubahan peran, 3) Menggali kemampuan lain 4) Respon terhadap gempa, 5) Upaya mengatasi dampak bencana, 6) Sumber Dukungan, 7) Jenis Dukungan, 8) Makna kejadian bencana, 9) Harapan untuk Lombok, 10) Harapan pada diri sendiri, 11) Harapan pada pihak berwenang.Kesimpulan: Upaya menghadapi dampak gempa atau Strategi koping yang digunakan remaja berupa perubahan spiritual dan distraksi. Mendekatkan diri kepada tuhan dengan melakukan berbagai bentuk ibadah sesuai dengan agama yang di anut memiliki peranan penting untuk dapat beradaptasi dengan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh bencana gempa pada remaja. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Disaster events can cause harm from physical, psychological, property and environmental aspects. Disasters affect the psychological well-being and mental health of individuals, both adults and children and adolescents. Post-disaster adaptation process is needed to achieve an adaptive response for adolescents so that post-traumatic stress does not become pathological. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of adolescent adaptation after the earthquake disaster in Lombok West Nusa Tenggara in 2018.Method: This study used phenomenological qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews with 18 adolescents affected by the earthquake disaster, Analysis of data used refers to nine steps colaizzi data analysis techniques.Results: the results of this study obtained 11 themes: 1) changes in how to socialize, 2) changes in roles, 3) Exploring other abilities 4) Response to earthquakes, 5) Efforts to overcome the impact of disasters, 6) Sources of Support, 7) Types of Support, 8) Meanings of disasters, 9) Expectations for Lombok, 10) Expectations for oneself, 11) Expectations for authorities.Conclusion: Efforts to deal with the effects of earthquakes or coping strategies used by adolescents in the form of spiritual changes and distractions. Get closer to God by doing various forms of worship in accordance with the religion that is followed has an important role to be able to adapt to the impact caused by the earthquake disaster in adolescents.
HUBUNGAN BEBAN PENGASUHAN DENGAN POLA INTERAKSI KELUARGA ORANG DENGAN GANGGUAN JIWA (ODGJ) DI RUMAH
Authors: Nababan Yosevin Karunia , Yusuf Ah , Nimah Lailatun
Published: June 2020

Pendahuluan: Keluarga sebagai caregiver penderita ODGJ mengalami beban berupa gangguan fisik, emosional dan finansial karena perilaku abnormal pasien, disfungsi sosial serta ketidakmampuan untuk menghidupi dirinya sendiri. Akibat beban yang mereka alami, caregiver ODGJ menunjukkan gejala stress dan kecemasan yang tinggi hingga mempengaruhi pola interaksi. Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini adalah cross sectional . Sampel sejumlah 123 caregiver keluarga penderita ODGJ yang berkunjung di Poliklinik kesehatan jiwa RSJ Menur Surabaya dan didapatkan dengan menggunakan teknik konsekuetive sampling. Data diperoleh dari kuesioner Zarit Caregiver Burden Questionaire dan kuesioner pola interaksi kemudian dianalisis dengan uji statistik korelasi Spearman Rho. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara beban pengasuhan dengan pola interaksi (p=0,032) pada nilai signifikansi < 0,05. Koefisien korelasi r=-0,194. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang rendah dengan arah negatif, sehingga semakin tinggi beban pengasuhan yang dirasakan semakin rendah pola interaksi yang dialami oleh caregiver keluarga penderita ODGJ. Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan yang rendah dan bermakna antara beban pengasuhan dengan pola interaksi caregiver keluarga penderita ODGJ dengan arah negatif, yang berarti semakin tinggi beban pengasuhan yang dirasakan oleh caregiver, maka pola interaksinya semakin rendah. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Families as caregivers their family with mental disorder experience the burden of physical, emotional and financial disturbances due to the patient's abnormal behavior, social dysfunction and inability to support themselves. Due to the burden they experience, caregivers show symptoms of high stress and anxiety to affect patterns of interaction.Method: The design of this study was cross sectional. A sample of 123 family sufferers of mental disorder member who visited the mental health polyclinic at the Menur General Hospital in Surabaya was obtained using a consistent sampling technique. Data were obtained from the Zarit Caregiver Burden Questionaire and the interaction pattern questionnaire was then analyzed using the Spearman Rho correlation test.Results: The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the burden of caregiving with interaction patterns (p = 0.032) at a significance value <0.05. The correlation coefficient r = -0,194. This shows that there is a low relationship with a negative direction, so that the higher the burden of caregiving is felt the lower the interaction patterns experienced by family caregivers of people with mental disorder.Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between caregiving burden with the negative caregiver interaction patterns of mental disorder sufferers' families, which means that the higher the caregiver burden felt by caregivers, the lower the interaction patterns.
La diversité des exploitations laitières européennes et les effets différenciés de la réforme de la PAC de juin 2003
Authors: CHATELLIER V. , JACQUERIE V.
Published: June 2020

L’objectif de cet article est, d’une part, de rendre compte de la forte diversité des exploitations laitières européennes et, d’autre part, d’analyser les effets supposés de la réforme de la Politique agricole commune (PAC) de juin 2003 sur leurs résultats économiques (revenu, aides directes, estimation du paiement unique). En s’appuyant sur les données individuelles du Réseau d’Information Comptable Agricole (RICA) des quinze Etats membres, cette analyse prend en compte les principales caractéristiques des exploitations laitières réparties selon plusieurs bassins de production, systèmes techniques, classes de taille (quota laitier par exploitation) et classes de performances économiques (suivant une méthode de classification privilégiant trois indicateurs). Dans l’hypothèse d’une baisse intense du prix du lait, la réforme de la PAC se manifesterait par une fragilisation importante du revenu des exploitations spécialisées et économiquement peu performantes. Dans tous les cas, elle entraînera une augmentation importante du poids des aides directes dans la formation du revenu des producteurs de lait. Le montant du paiement unique par hectare diffèrera de façon importante entre bassins de production, mais également au sein de chacun d’eux, en fonction principalement du niveau d’intensification et du système fourrager.
Mitochondria Determine Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy: An Evidence-based Hypothesis
Authors: Taghizadeh-Hesary Farzad
Published: June 2020

It has been demonstrated that a decrease in cellular adenosine triphosphate (c-ATP) causes cellular dysfunction. T-cells are not an exception. One of their roles is to properly detect and eliminate cancer cells. These processes occur at the expense of ATP. Therefore, it can be concluded that a decrease in c-ATP can defect T-cell function and promote cancer evolution. In this article, we provide a hypothesis to describe the correlation between the expression of PD-1 protein on T-cells and their c-ATP levels. Moreover, we present the possible predictive factors of Anti–PD(L)-1 therapy which has not yet been determined definitely.
We Need to Address the Underlying Ecological Determinants of COVID-19
Authors: Kenyon Chris
Published: June 2020

The probability of zoonoses, such as the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), emerging is strongly related to remediable factors such as habitat encroachment and trade in wild animals. Tackling these underlying determinants is important to prevent future pandemics from the approximately 700,000 viruses with the potential to cause zoonoses. Reversing habitat destruction is also vital to halt the accelerating rate of extinction of a wide array of life forms - with all the adverse consequences these extinctions will have for human health. These insights depend on viewing health and disease from within an ecological theoretical framework. We therefore argue that preventing future zoonotic outbreaks as well as dealing with a range of contemporary health issues would be facilitated by grounding our health sciences in more a more explicitly ecological conceptual framework.
A Measurement Tool for Repeated Measurement of Assessment of University Students’ Writing Skill: Development and Evaluation
Authors: SAYIN Ayfer , KAHRAMAN Nilüfer
Published: June 2020

This study summarizes the development and the application of a four-week repeated assessment scale that was designed to measure the advanced writing skills of college students. The storyline was written by the first author and required respondents to write one or more sentences to the given developing storyline of the week. Each week’s narrative was written to tell a part of a story that integrates into a single storyline over the weeks. For the application, each week, the respondents from a volunteered sample of 74 were asked 1) to write to a continuation to the developing storyline of the week (the instruction stated that this was the first or the second or the third or the last part of the storyline) and 2) to rate their overall mood that week (1 to 5, 5 indicating a great mood). Writings of the students (responses) were then coded by multiple raters with respect to three subskill components; namely expression, aesthetics, and creativity. The hypothesized tie between the fluctuations observed in the sense of well-being and the writing performance of the students over the weeks and whether and to what extent the creativity subcomponent was more subject to the influence of student’s mood changes when compared to the clarity of expression or the aesthetics subskill. However, the results show that when the changes in writing performances of the whole group were examined instead of that of individuals over time, there were no significant differences to be found. It is recommended that it might be more useful than the classical one-shot assessment design.
On Stochastic Approach to Evaluation of Service Life for Reinforced Concrete Constructional Elements and Structures during Concrete Carbonization
Authors: Osipov S. N. , Chik V. M.
Published: June 2020

The currently existing deterministic models for determination of structure service life do not take into account to the full extent variety of factors that have an effect on them and also stochastic characteristics of the used natural materials and conditions for manufacturing construction products, possible errors during the process of designing and construction etc. More trustworthy approach determining longevity and growth rate of destruction processes for structures in future periods can be obtained with the help of statistic methods that take into account a probabilistic essence of the process. The paper presents a possible approach of the probabilistic analysis on reinforced concrete structure service life while assessing rates of variation in depth growth of carbonization in a concrete protective layer on the basis of the existing experimental and calculated data pertaining to changes of the given index in reinforced concrete structures of various types. Variability of the existing approaches for determination of structure longevity as a whole has been shown firstly due to various number of basic vаriables used in calculations. Stochastic processing of the data on parameters of carbonization depth in the concrete protective layer has been carried out and this processing has made it possible to determine variation rates which allow to assess the presupposed service life of reinforced concrete structures having similar characteristics and being operated under analogous conditions. A definitive non-uniformity in statistic indices has been established that testifies about the necessity to increase accumulation of data on the investigated characteristics and to execute its processing more thoroughly. An expedience in usage of a concrete impermeability as a main factor determining its longevity has been established on the basis of statistical assessment of the existing data.
Filtration Bypassing Retaining Hydraulic Structures
Authors: Kruglov G. G. , Linkevich N. N. , Nemerovets O. V.
Published: June 2020

Concrete dams that are part of river waterworks are integrated with earthworks or with banks using coastal abutments. If the soil of cost or earthen dam is permeable, then in the zone of contiguity water filtration occurs around the coastal abutment. Calculation of filtration bypassing the coastal abutment at specified water levels in the upper and lower pools is performed with the aim of constructing an encircling curve of depression and determining a gradient of filtration flow that controls the filtration strength of the soil beyond the abutment. This problem has no theoretical solutions – in view of its complexity, approximate calculation methods have been developed for individual calculation schemes. For the case when the soil behind the coastal abutment is homogeneous and isotropic, groundwater inflow from the coast is absent or insignificant and can be neglected, and the coastal abutment is located on a water bed and approximate methods by V. P. Nedrigi and R. R. Chugaeva are proposed in the paper. The experience of surveying a number of Belarusian hydropower stations has shown that the absence of a justified prediction pertaining to the position of groundwater levels beyond the estuary leads to a decrease in the strength and stability of the coastal abutment and its possible destruction. An experimental verification of the approximate method for calculation filtration bypassing the coastal abutment developed by R. R. Chugaev has been carried out in laboratory conditions. According to the obtained experience a depression curve encircling the abutment has been constructed which show good agreement between experimental and calculated data that allows to use this method for reasonable design of coastal abutment structures ensuring their reliable operation.
the Forecast of Weekly β-HCG and Progesterone for Early Pregnancy
Authors: Yang Yan , Duan Jie , Wang Yan , Du Xin , wu Wei , Huang Yan ming
Published: June 2020

Background: Serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) and progesterone levels are both monitored to assess the status of early pregnancy. Deviations from the expected levels of these hormones may indicate abnormal pregnancy. However; the relationship between progesterone levels and the magnitude of weekly β-HCG increases, as well as their combined predictive value for pregnancy outcome, is still debated. This study evaluated the predictive value of weekly serum β-HCG multiplication and progesterone levels on early pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed patients with pregnancy confirmed by β-HCG in our hospital. Weekly β-HCG and progesterone levels were analyzed and ultrasonography was performed as necessary to determine outcomes at 13 weeks gestation. Results: There were 277 viable intrauterine pregnancies, 102 spontaneous abortions, and 59 ectopic pregnancies. At weeks 5-8, β-HCG was multiplied by 6.76, 6.21, 2.11, and 0.68 respectively. Logit models were established with the logarithm of HCG (LHCG) and progesterone as independent variables to predict viable intrauterine pregnancy. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy for the models were 85.9% and 90.25%, 44.72% and 72.04%, and 70.77% and 83.6%, respectively. When progesterone was ≥10 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting viable pregnancy were 90.25% and 72.04%, respectively. When progesterone was <10 ng/ml, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting ectopic pregnancy and complete abortion were 94.2% and 81.57%78.86%, respectively. Progesterone values were significantly different for viable pregnancy, abortion, and ectopic pregnancy (p<0.0001). A joint progesterone and LHCG model to predict viable pregnancy had 88.8% sensitivity, 75.2% specificity, and 83.8% overall prediction accuracy.Conclusion: Weekly β-HCG multiplication and progesterone levels can predict early pregnancy outcomes individually or jointly.
Genomic analysis of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diseased chicken in the Czech Republic
Authors: Papoušková Aneta , Masaříková Martina , Valček Adam , Šenk David , Čejková Darina , Jahodářová Eva , Čížek Alois
Published: June 2020

Background: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can cause various extraintestinal infections in poultry, resulting in massive economic losses in poultry industry. In addition, some avian E. coli strains may have zoonotic potential, making poultry a possible source of infection for humans. Due to its extreme genetic diversity, this pathotype remains poorly defined. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of colibacillosis-associated E. coli isolates from Central European countries with a focus on the Czech Republic. Results: Of 95 clinical isolates subjected to preliminary characterization, 32 were selected for whole-genome sequencing. A multi resistant phenotype was detected in a majority of the sequenced strains with the predominant resistance to β-lactams and quinolones being associated with TEM-type beta-lactamase genes and chromosomal gyrA mutations respectively. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed a great diversity of isolates, that were derived from nearly all phylogenetic groups, with predominace of B2, B1 and C phylogroups. Clusters of closely related isolates within ST23 (phylogroup C) and ST429 (phylogroup B2) indicated a possible local spread of these clones. Besides, the ST429 cluster carried blaCMY-2, -59 genes for AmpC beta-lactamase and isolates of both clusters were generally well-equipped with virulence-associated genes, with considerable differences in distribution of certain virulence-associated genes between phylogenetically distant lineages. Other important and potentially zoonotic APEC STs were detected, incl. ST117, ST354 and ST95, showing several molecular features typical for human ExPEC. Conclusions: The results support the concept of local spread of virulent APEC clones, as well as of zoonotic potential of specific poultry-associated lineages, and highlight the need to investigate the possible source of these pathogenic strains.
Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Tamura Haruka , Kondo Yoshinobu , Ito Kohei , Hasebe Masanori , Satoh Shinobu , Terauchi Yasuo
Published: June 2020

Background: Among patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease, those receiving empagliflozin have a lower rate of primary composite cardiovascular outcomes and death from any cause. While treatment with sulfonylurea reduces microvascular complications in diabetes, it increases cardiovascular hospitalization or mortality when combined with metformin. In the present study, we assessed the effects of empagliflozin and glimepiride, a commonly prescribed sulfonylurea, on endothelial function using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) to estimate arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: In this prospective, open-label, randomized, parallel-group study, 58 patients with type 2 diabetes received metformin and glargine before bedtime for 12 weeks. This was followed by additional treatment with either 10 mg empagliflozin or 0.5 mg glimepiride for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the FMD measurement (DFMDs), measured prior to and after 12 weeks of additional treatment. Secondary outcomes comprised changes in metabolic markers and body composition.Results: An analysis of the empagliflozin group (n = 30) and glimepiride group (n = 28) showed no significant differences in DFMDs (empagliflozin, −0.19 ± 2.34%; glimepiride, −0.37 ± 2.77%; P = 0.79). Similarly, changes in glycated hemoglobin were similar between the two groups. However, a significant difference in body weight changes was observed between the two groups (empagliflozin, −0.59 ± 2.5 kg; glimepiride, 1.2 ± 3.0 kg; P = 0.02). In addition, an analysis of the body composition revealed that body fluid volume significantly decreased after empagliflozin treatment (baseline, 35.8 ± 6.8 L; after 12 weeks, −0.33 ± 0.72 L; P = 0.03).Conclusions: Empagliflozin did not improve endothelial function when compared to that with glimepiride for patients with type 2 diabetes but decreased body fluid volumes. This suggested that the coronary-protective effect of empagliflozin is not derived from protection of the endothelial function but rather from a reduction in the risk of heart failure.Trial Registration: This trial was registered on September 13, 2016; UMIN000024001.
Etiology and prognosis of canalicular laceration repair using canalicular anastomosis combined with bicanalicular stent intubation
Authors: Guo Tao , Qin Xiuhong , Wang Hongwei , Lu Yang , Xu Li , Ji Jiali , Xiao Caiwen , Zhang Zhenzhen
Published: June 2020

Background: To evaluate the etiology of lacrimal canalicular laceration and explore the possible risk factors influencing prognosis. Methods: The data of 142 patients (142 eyes) with lacrimal canalicular lacerations who were surgically treated using canalicular anastomosis combined with bicanalicular stent intubation between March 2017 and March 2018 were reviewed. The analyzed data contained demographic information, types of trauma, injury locations, associated additional ocular injuries, and surgical outcomes at follow-up. The main outcome measures were anatomic success rate, functional success rate, and complications of surgery.Results: The mean patient age was 42.07 years (ranging from 1–75 years). Among the 142 patients, 112 (78.87%) were males. Upper and lower canalicular lacerations were found in 14 (9.86%) and 112 (78.87%) patients, respectively. Meanwhile, both upper and lower canalicular lacerations were found in 16 (11.27%) patients. Electric bike accidents comprised the leading cause of injury, accounting for 76 (53.52%) cases. There were 100 (70.42%) patients who had lid lacerations without tarsal plate fracture and 42 (29.58%) patients who had lid lacerations with tarsal plate fractures. The anatomic success rate was 98.59% and the functional success rate was 83.8%. The functional reconstruction failure rates were higher in patients with indirect injuries, lid lacerations with tarsal plate fractures, and those with punctum splitting (P<0.05). Surgical complications were detected in the form of lacrimal punctum ectropion in 3 (2.11%) patients, punctum splitting in 2 (1.41%) patients, and stent extrusion and loss in 2 (1.41%) patients. Conclusions: Electric bike accidents have become the leading cause of injury instead of motor vehicle accidents because of the changes in the lifestyles of people. Indirect injuries, lid lacerations with tarsal plate fractures, and those with punctum splitting were significantly more likely to lead to poor prognosis, as confirmed by the lower functional success rate of surgery.
Magnitude of Problematic Anger and its Predictors in the Millennium Cohort
Authors: Adler Amy , LeardMann Cynthia A. , Roenfeldt Kimberly , Jacobson Isabel , Forbes David
Published: June 2020

Background: Problematic anger is intense anger associated with elevated generalized distress and that interferes with functioning. It also confers a heightened risk for the development of mental health problems. In military personnel and veterans, previous studies examining problematic anger have been constrained by sample size, cross-sectional data, and measurement limitations. Methods: The current study used Millennium Cohort survey data (N = 90,266) from two time points (2013 and 2016 surveys) to assess the association of baseline demographics, military factors, mental health, positive perspective, and self-mastery, with subsequent problematic anger. Results: Overall, 17.3% of respondents reported problematic anger. In the fully adjusted logistic regression model, greater risk of problematic anger was predicted by certain demographic characteristics as well as childhood trauma and financial problems. Service members who were in the Army or Marines, active duty (vs. reserves/national guard), and previously deployed with high levels of combat had increased risk for problematic anger. Veterans were also more likely to report problematic anger than currently serving personnel. Mental health predictors included posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and comorbid PTSD/MDD. Higher levels of positive perspective and self-mastery were associated with decreased risk of problematic anger. Conclusion: Not only did 1 in 6 respondents report problematic anger, but risk factors were significant even after adjusting for PTSD and MDD, suggesting that problematic anger is more than an expression of these mental health problems. Results identify potential points of early intervention and clinical treatment for addressing problematic anger in the military and veteran context.
An exploration of the complex biogeographical history of the Neotropical banner-wing damselflies (Odonata: Polythoridae)
Authors: Herrera Melissa Sanchez , Beatty Christopher , Nunes Renato , Salazar Camilo , Ware Jessica L
Published: June 2020

Background: The New World Tropics has experienced a dynamic landscape across evolutionary history and harbors a high diversity of flora and fauna. While there are some studies addressing diversification in Neotropical vertebrates and plants, there is still a lack of knowledge in arthropods. Here we examine temporal and spatial diversification patterns in the damselfly family Polythoridae, which comprises seven genera with a total of 58 species distributed across much of Central and South America. Results Our time-calibrated phylogeny for 48 species suggests that this family radiated during the late Eocene (~33 Ma), diversifying during the Miocene. As with other neotropical groups, the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) of most of the Polythoridae genera has a primary origin in the Northern Andes though the MRCA of at least one genus may have appeared in the Amazon Basin. Our molecular clock suggests correlations with some major geographical events, and our biogeographical modeling (with BioGeoBEARS and RASP) found a significant influence of the formation of the Pebas and Acre systems on the early diversification of these damselflies, though evidence for the influence of the rise of the different Andean ranges was mixed. Diversification rates have been uniform in all genera except one— Polythore —where a significant increase in the late Pliocene (~3 mya) may have been influenced by recent Andean uplift. Conclusion The biogeographical models implemented here suggest that the Pebas and Acre Systems were significant geological events associated with the diversification of this damselfly family; while diversification in the tree shows some correlation with mountain building events, it is possible that other abiotic and biotic changes during our study period have influenced diversification as well. The high diversification rate observed in Polythore could be explained by the late uplift of the Northern Andes. However, it is possible that other intrinsic factors like sexual and natural selection acting on color patterns could be involved in the diversification of this genus.
Antiviral effect of copper chloride on feline calicivirus and synergy with ribavirin in vitro
Authors: li dengliang , Cui Zhanding , Li Guohua , Zhang Liangting , Zhang Ying , Zhao Han , Zhang Shuang , Guo Yanbing , Zhao Yanli , Men Fanxing , Zhao Shihui , Shao Jiang , Du Dongju , Huang Hailong , Wang Kai , Hu Guixue , Li Tiansong , Zhao Yongkun
Published: June 2020

Background: Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common and highly prevalent pathogen causing upper respiratory diseases in kittens and felines in recent years. Due to the substantial genetic variability of the viral genes, existing vaccines cannot provide complete protection. Therefore, research on FCV antiviral drugs has received much attention.Results: In this study, we found that copper chloride had dose-dependent antiviral effects on FCV in F81 cells. We also found that the combination of copper chloride and ribavirin had a synergistic protective effect against FCV in F81 cells. In contrast, the combination of copper chloride and horse anti-FCV immunoglobulin F(ab')2 showed an antagonistic effect, likely because copper chloride has an effect on F(ab')2 immunoglobulin; however, further research is needed to clarify this supposition.Conclusions: In summary, we found that copper chloride had low cytotoxicity and significant antiviral effects on FCV in F81 cells, providing a new drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of FCV infection.
General practice patients starting treatment for substance use problems: observations from two data sources across levels of care
Authors: Boffin Nicole , Antoine Jerome , Baelen Luk Van , Moreels Sarah , Doggen Kris
Published: June 2020

Background In Belgium, the incidence of treatment episodes for substance use problems is monitored by the Network of Sentinel General Practices (SGP), and at higher, specialist care levels by the Treatment Demand Indicator (TDI) surveillance. Using both data sources, we examine 1) how patients starting specialist treatment for substance use problems on referral by their GP compare to those that were referred by non-GP caregivers; 2) how patients starting GP treatment for substance use problems without receiving concurrent specialist treatment compare to those who did.Methods Both surveillances are based on the TDI protocol for reporting data to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) on individuals starting treatment as a result of their substance use. Data from 2016 and 2017 were examined using 95% confidence intervals and multivariate logistic regression.Results According to TDI-data (n=16,543), determinants of being referred by a GP (versus by a non-GP caregiver) for specialist treatment were age ≥ median (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.13-1.38), education ≥ secondary level (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.15-1.41), recent employment (OR 1.71; 1.56-1.88), recent stable accommodation (3.62; 95% CI 3.08-4.26), first treatment episode (OR 1.72; 95% CI 1.57-1.87), recent daily primary substance use (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.33-1.59) and mono substance use (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.04-1.48). Type of substance use was a significant determinant with higher odds of using pharmaceuticals (and alcohol) (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.04-1.48), and lower odds of using cannabis only/primarily (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.62-0.86), with reference to street drugs minus cannabis only/primarily. According to SGP data (n=314), determinants of starting GP treatment without concurrent specialist treatment were recent employment (OR 2.58; 95% CI 1.36-4.91), first treatment episode (OR 2.78; 95% CI 1.39-5.55) and living in the Brussels or Walloon region (OR 1.97; 95% CI 1.06-3.66).Conclusions This study provides a useful insight into the general practice population treated for substance use problems. It shows that both surveillances consistently found a relatively favourable profile of general practice patients with substance use problems.