bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La supervisión y la evaluación del practicum como elemento fundamental para la realización de buenas prácticas profesionales en alumnos de ciencias sociales
Authors: Arellano Sanchez Jose Refugio , Santoyo Rodríguez Margarita
Published: December 2017

El presente trabajo está referido a la supervisión y evaluación que se aplica a los alumnos en una práctica de campo. Ya que es en una práctica supervisada correctamente donde los estudiantes pueden adquirir las herramientas necesarias para el trabajo cualitativo, disciplina académica para la planeación del trabajo en campo y las técnicas metodológicas para combinar los recursos cualitativos, los cuantitativos y documentales formando una investigación social más completa, que muestra un análisis a partir de distintos elementos que se deslizan constantemente entre lo abstracto y concreto. Si bien ya es un reto dar a conocer a alumnos de nivel licenciatura de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales de la UNAM, la metodología cualitativa de la  investigación social, que poco se les instruye a lo largo de su formación universitaria; en este contexto, se vuelve aún más complejo supervisar y evaluar un trabajo en donde las reglas y pautas; tanto de comportamiento y de la dinámica cotidiana en el aula de enseñanza, se rompen entrelazándose con otros elementos, agregando que no se cuentan con elementos de evaluación “oficiales” capaces de dar a conocer el verdadero aprendizaje de los alumnos.
La tutoria en el prácticum.
Authors: Raposo Rivas Manuela
Published: December 2017

Autores: Parez Abellas, A.; Cid Sabucedo, A.;  Sarmiento Campos, J.A. 

ISBN: 978‐84‐8408‐184‐5 

Depósito Legal: C‐3933‐2010 

Editorial: Andavira 

Año de edición: 2010 

Nº Edición: 1ª 

Lugar edición: Santiago de Compostela 

Nº páginas: 158 

Idioma: Español 
Presentación del monográfico: Aprendizaje basado en problemas.
Authors: Font Antoni
Published: December 2017

El número que presentamos a continuación pretende proporcionar materiales para una reflexión en torno a las dificultades que presenta la introducción del ABP en la educación universitaria. Los citados materiales proceden tanto de la valoración de distintas experiencias como de la aportación teórica y se confirman plenamente con los datos empíricos procedentes de una investigación realizada con estudiantes de Derecho de la Universidad de Barcelona. Peter Bouhuijs indica en su artículo Implementing Problem Based Learning: Why is it so hard? que una de las dificultades señaladas radica en el error de concebir el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas como una mera técnica docente y olvidar que se trata, en realidad, de un enfoque educativo. Según este autor resulta ingenuo pensar que se puede introducir el ABP sin alterar el curriculum. La introducción del ABP significa proceder a realizar cambios curriculares y ello entraña tensiones y cargas que, si se ignoran, conducen al fracaso de la experiencia. La postura de Bouhuijs ha sido confirmada plenamente con el estudio empírico que hemos llevado a cabo y que publicamos en este mismo número, El ABP, un enfoque estratégico para la formación en Educación Superior. Aportaciones de un análisis de la formación en Derecho. En efecto, los datos recogidos muestran que los estudiantes valoran especialmente la construcción de un espacio de aprendizaje que constituya una actividad integral, un contexto en el que los entornos y las funciones de aprendizaje se presentan alineados adecuadamente, donde el docente y los iguales interactúan en un proceso de orientación para la acción que favorece su autoregulación [...]
Aprendizaje basado en la solución de problemas: ¿por qué es tan difícil?
Authors: Bouhuijs Peter A.J.
Published: December 2017

El artículo pretende proporcionar claves para responder a la pregunta formulada en el título. Tras contextualizar el propósito de su análisis, el autor concluye que la pregunta puede formularse en tres niveles diferentes: el de los docentes, el de los programas y el de la organización. Muchos de los problemas surgidos en la implementación proceden de ignorar que el uso del ABP provoca un mayor número de implicaciones que la introducción de un entorno electrónico de aprendizaje. El ABP no es una simple aplicación metodológica que pueda llevarse a las aulas sin realizar cambios estructurales. Los más relevantes son el cambio cultural y el cambio organizativo. Para llevar a cabo con éxito estos cambios es preciso que se cumplan dos precondiciones: la presión exterior y el liderazgo. Finalmente hay que destacar también el desarrollo educativo con factor relevante del proceso de implementación.
Drummond e o falso Fernando Pessoa
Authors: Barbosa Rita de Cassia
Published: December 2017

Em 4 de setembro de 1949, sem assinatura, Carlos Drummond de Andrade publica, no "Suplemento Literário Letras e Artes" do periódico A Manhã do Rio de Janeiro, o poema "Sonetilho", precedido de nota introdutória — esta também sem assinatura — onde o autor propõe um concurso para se descobrir o autor do poema. O intuito deste ensaio consiste em mensurar as implicações e o alcance do vínculo entre autor da nota, autor do poema e a ausência de assinatura nos dois casos no âmbito da produção jornalística e poética de Carlos Drummond de Andrade. Pretende-se, assim, avaliar a importância dessa atitude do cronista e do poeta ao longo de sua trajetória.
Física Quântica no ensino médio: uma análise bakhtiniana de enunciados em livros didáticos de Física aprovados no PNLDEM2015
Authors: Lima Nathan Willig , Ostermann Fernanda , De Holanda Cavalcanti Claudio Jose
Published: December 2017

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma análise dos enunciados sobre Física Quântica presentes nas quatorze obras de Física aprovadas pelo Plano Nacional do Livro Didático do Ensino Médio em 2015. Utilizamos a Filosofia da Linguagem de Mikhail Bakhtin como referencial teórico metodológico com o objetivo de avaliar quais são as abordagens utilizadas pelos autores para introduzir a Física Quântica, quais os conceitos apresentados e quais visões epistemológicas são veiculadas nessas apresentações. Nossos resultados indicam que todos os livros optam por uma abordagem histórica, restringindo-se à velha Física Quântica. Os conceitos apresentados e a sequência de apresentação em trezes livros são praticamente idênticos aos encontrados em livros de Física Moderna utilizados no ensino superior, cometendo, inclusive, os mesmos erros historiográficos. Isso sugere que os autores veiculam os enunciados que aprenderam em suas formações sem um aprofundamento crítico. Todos os livros apresentam uma escolha lexical que pode ser associada à epistemologia positivista e treze livros apresentam uma estrutura composicional que se alia à mesma visão, a qual é considerada epistemologicamente ultrapassada. A apresentação reducionista presente nos livros didáticos atuais indica a necessidade de se avançar em abordagens de Física Quântica que rompam com a perspectiva positivista hegemônica.
Ações de divulgação e popularização das Ciências Exatas via ambientes virtuais e espaços não formais de educação
Authors: Coimbra-Araujo Carlos , Bergold Arthur , Berticelli Danilene , Santos Geocris , Schreiner Marcos , Monte-Alto Helio , Speck Raquel , Ferreira Gabriela , Tonezer Camila , Rosset Isac , Bartelmebs Roberta
Published: December 2017

Por diversas razões, as Ciências Exatas têm se mostrado como uma das áreas do conhecimento científico que mais demandam ações em espaços não formais de ensino. Um dos principais motivos reside no fato de que a Matemática, a Física, a Química e a Astronomia serem tradicionalmente abordadas, dentro do ambiente escolar e no currículo formal, desvinculadas da realidade dos estudantes, sendo muitas vezes vistas como um conjunto de princípios inflexíveis e incompreensíveis. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho revisa os principais problemas que circundam o ensino das áreas científicas citadas, destinando destaque a ferramentas não formais para o ensino da Matemática, Física, Química, Astronomia e, em especial, aos modernos ambientes virtuais de ensino modelados pela Ciência da Computação. Outras dificuldades históricas que o ensino formal de Ciências Exatas tem sofrido no Brasil também são apresentadas e alguns dos principais recursos não formais buscados para complementar o currículo que usualmente é apresentado em sala de aula.
Newkey-Burden, Chas. The Wanted: a biografia não autorizada. Tradução de Mariana Varella. São Paulo: Prumo, 2013. 200 p
Authors: Costa Helder De lima
Published: December 2017

THE WANTED The Unauthorized Biography, livro escrito pelo jornalista e biógrafo americano, Chas Newkey-Burden, e publicado em 2012. Esta obra não ficcional, que foi traduzida para o vernáculo por Mariana Varella e lançada pela Prumo em  2013, com o título de The Wanted: A Biografia Não Autorizada, descreve a trajetória de cinco jovens do Reino Unido que se juntaram em 2009 para formar uma banda juvenil de pop rock. Até hoje, The Wanted é considerada uma das boy bands que mais tempo permaneceu no show business.
Profiling of Saharan dust from the Caribbean to western Africa – Part 2: Shipborne lidar measurements versus forecasts
Authors: Ansmann Albert , Rittmeister Franziska , Engelmann Ronny , Basart Sara , Jorba Oriol , Spyrou Christos , Remy Samuel , Skupin Annett , Baars Holger , Seifert Patric , Senf Fabian , Kanitz Thomas
Published: December 2017

Abstract. A unique 4-week ship cruise from Guadeloupe to Cabo Verde in April–May 2013 see part 1, Rittmeister et al. (2017) is used for an in-depth comparison of dust profiles observed with a polarization/Raman lidar aboard the German research vessel Meteor over the remote tropical Atlantic and respective dust forecasts of a regional (SKIRON) and two global atmospheric (dust) transport models (NMMB/BSC-Dust, MACC/CAMS). New options of model–observation comparisons are presented. We analyze how well the modeled fine dust (submicrometer particles) and coarse dust contributions to light extinction and mass concentration match respective lidar observations, and to what extent models, adjusted to aerosol optical thickness observations, are able to reproduce the observed layering and mixing of dust and non-dust (mostly marine) aerosol components over the remote tropical Atlantic. Based on the coherent set of dust profiles at well-defined distances from Africa (without any disturbance by anthropogenic aerosol sources over the ocean), we investigate how accurately the models handle dust removal at distances of 1500 km to more than 5000 km west of the Saharan dust source regions. It was found that (a) dust predictions are of acceptable quality for the first several days after dust emission up to 2000 km west of the African continent, (b) the removal of dust from the atmosphere is too strong for large transport paths in the global models, and (c) the simulated fine-to-coarse dust ratio (in terms of mass concentration and light extinction) is too high in the models compared to the observations. This deviation occurs initially close to the dust sources and then increases with distance from Africa and thus points to an overestimation of fine dust emission in the models.
Technical note: A noniterative approach to modelling moist thermodynamics
Authors: Moisseeva Nadya , Stull Roland
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Formulation of noniterative mathematical expressions for moist thermodynamics presents a challenge for both numerical and theoretical modellers. This technical note offers a simple and efficient tool for approximating two common thermodynamic relationships: temperature, T, at a given pressure, P, along a saturated adiabat, T(P, θw), as well as its corresponding inverse form θw(P, T), where θw is wet-bulb potential temperature. Our method allows direct calculation of T(P, θw) and θw(P, T) on a thermodynamic domain bounded by −70 ≤ θw < 40 °C, P > 1 kPa and −100 ≤ T < 40 °C, P > 1 kPa, respectively. The proposed parameterizations offer high accuracy (mean absolute errors of 0.016 and 0.002 °C for T(P, θw) and θw(P, T), respectively) on a notably larger thermodynamic region than previously studied. The paper includes a method summary and a ready-to-use tool to aid atmospheric physicists in their practical applications.
Turbulent Characteristics of Saltation and Uncertainty of Saltation Model Parameters
Authors: Liu Dongwei , Ishizuka Masahide , Shao Yaping
Published: December 2017

Abstract. It is widely recognized that saltation is a turbulent process, similar to other transport processes in the atmospheric boundary layer. But due to the lack of high frequency observations, the statistic behavior of saltation is so far not well understood. In this study, we use the data from the Japan-Australian Dust Experiment (JADE) to investigate turbulent saltation by analyzing the probability density function, energy spectrum and intermittency of saltation fluxes. Threshold friction velocity, u*t, and saltation coefficient, c0, are two important parameters in saltation models, often assumed to be deterministic. But as saltation is turbulent, we argue that it is more reasonable to consider them as parameters obeying certain probability distributions. The JADE saltation fluxes are used to estimate the u*t and c0 probability distributions. The stochasticity of these parameters is attributed to the randomness in friction velocity and threshold friction velocity as well as soil particle size.
Comparison of ozone profiles from DIAL, MLS, and chemical transport model simulations over Río Gallegos, Argentina, during the spring Antarctic vortex breakup, 2009
Authors: Sugita Takafumi , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Wolfram Elián , Salvador Jacobo , Ohyama Hirofumi , Mizuno Akira
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This study evaluates the agreement between ozone profiles derived from the ground-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL), satellite-borne Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), and 3-D chemical transport model (CTM) simulations such as the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC-CTM) over the Atmospheric Observatory of Southern Patagonia (Observatorio Atmosférico de la Patagonia Austral, OAPA; 51.6° S, 69.3° W) in Río Gallegos, Argentina, from September to November 2009. In this austral spring, measurements were performed in the vicinity of the polar vortex and inside it on some occasions; they revealed the variability in the potential vorticity (PV) of measured air masses. Comparisons between DIAL and MLS were performed between 6 and 100 hPa with 500 km and 24 h coincidence criteria. The results show a good agreement between DIAL and MLS with mean differences of ±0.1 ppmv (MLS − DIAL, n  =  180) between 6 and 56 hPa. MIROC-CTM also agrees with DIAL, with mean differences of ±0.3 ppmv (MIROC-CTM − DIAL, n  =  23) between 10 and 56 hPa. Both comparisons provide mean differences of 0.5 ppmv (MLS) to 0.8–0.9 ppmv (MIROC-CTM) at the 83–100 hPa levels. DIAL tends to underestimate ozone values at this lower altitude region. Between 6 and 8 hPa, the MIROC-CTM ozone value is 0.4–0.6 ppmv (5–8 %) smaller than those from DIAL. Applying the scaled PV (sPV) criterion for matching pairs in the DIAL–MLS comparison, the variability in the difference decreases 21–47 % between 10 and 56 hPa. However, the mean differences are small for all pressure levels, except 6 hPa. Because ground measurement sites in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) are very sparse at mid- to high latitudes, i.e., 35–60° S, the OAPA site is important for evaluating the bias and long-term stability of satellite instruments. The good performance of this DIAL system will be useful for such purposes in the future.
Calibration of Raman lidar water vapor profiles by means of AERONET photometer observations and GDAS meteorological data
Authors: Dai Guangyao , Althausen Dietrich , Hofer Julian , Engelmann Ronny , Seifert Patric , Bühl Johannes , Mamouri Rodanthi-Elisavet , Wu Songhua , Ansmann Albert
Published: December 2017

Abstract. We present a practical method to continuously calibrate Raman lidar observations of the water vapor mixing ratio profile. The water vapor profile measured with the multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar PollyXT is calibrated by means of co-located AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sun photometer observations and Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) temperature and pressure profiles. This method is applied to lidar observations conducted during the Cyprus Cloud Aerosol and Rain Experiment (CyCARE) in Limassol, Cyprus. We use the GDAS temperature and pressure profiles to retrieve the water vapor density. In the next step, the precipitable water vapor is obtained from the lidar observation. During CyCARE, 9 measurement cases with cloud-free and stable meteorological conditions are selected to calculate the precipitable water vapor from the lidar and the sun photometer observations. The ratio of these two precipitable water vapor values yields the water vapor calibration constant. The calibration constant for the PollyXT Raman lidar is 6.56 g kg−1 ± 0.72 g kg−1 (with a statistical uncertainty of 0.08 g kg−1 and an instrumental uncertainty of 0.72 g kg−1). To check the quality of the water vapor calibration, the water vapor mixing ratio profiles from the simultaneous nighttime observations with Raman lidar and Vaisala radiosonde sounding are compared. The correlation of the water vapor mixing ratios from these two instruments is determined by using all of the 19 simultaneous nighttime measurements during CyCARE. Excellent agreement with the slope of 1.01 and the R2 of 0.99 is found. One example is presented to demonstrate the full potential of a well calibrated Raman lidar. The relative humidity profiles from lidar, GDAS (simulation) and radiosonde are compared. It is found that the combination of water vapor mixing ratio and GDAS temperature profiles allow us to derive relative humidity profiles with good accuracy.
Modelling Glaciers in the HARMONIE-AROME NWP model
Authors: Mottram Ruth , Nielsen Kristian Pagh , Gleeson Emily , Yang Xiaohua
Published: December 2017

Abstract. HARMONIE-AROME is a convection-permitting non-hydrostatic model that includes the multi-purpose SURFEX surface model. It is developed for high resolution (1–3 km) weather forecasting and applied in a number of regions in Europe and the Mediterranean. A version of HARMONIE-AROME is also under development for regional climate modelling. Here we run HARMONIE-AROME for a domain over Greenland that includes a significant portion of the Greenland ice sheet. The model output reproduces temperature, wind speed and direction and relative humidity over the ice sheet well when compared with the observations from PROMICE automatic weather stations (AWS) operated within the model domain on the ice sheet (mean temperature bias 1.31 ± 3.6 K) but we identified a much lower bias (−0.16 ± 2.3 K) at PROMICE sites on days where melt does not occur at the ice sheet surface and is thus an artefact of the simplified surface scheme over glaciers in the existing HARMONIE-AROME operational set-up. The bias in summer time temperature also affects wind speed and direction as the dominant katabatic winds are caused by the cold ice surface and slope gradient. By setting an upper threshold to the surface temperature of the ice surface within SURFEX we show that the weather forecast error over the Greenland ice sheet can be reduced in summer when glacier ice is exposed. This improvement will facilitate accurate ice melt and run-off computations, important both for ice surface mass budget estimation and for commercial applications such as hydro-power forecasting. Furthermore, the HCLIM regional climate model derived from HARMONIE-AROME will need to accurately account for glacier surface processes in these regions in order to be used to accurately compute the surface mass budget of ice sheets and glaciers, a key goal of regional climate modelling studies in Greenland.
Expansion of great cormorant colony
immediately increased isotopic enrichment
in small mammals
Authors: Balčiauskas Linas , Skipitytė Raminta , Jasiulionis Marius , Balčiauskienė Laima , Remeikis Vidmantas
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Colonies of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) impact terrestrial ecosystems transporting nutrients from aquatic to terrestrial ecosystems. Deposited guano overload ecosystem with N and P, change soil pH, damage vegetation. However, ways how small mammals are impacted, are not known in details. We aimed to evaluate the effects of an expanding great cormorant colony, testing if the expansion immediately increases input of biogens to the forest ecosystem, and if influence of the colony is reflected in the basal resources (plants and invertebrates) and the hair of small mammals. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope signatures were analysed in granivorous yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), omnivorous bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and basal resources of animal and plant origin from the territory of a colony of great cormorants, situated near Baltic Sea, in West Lithuania. We found that biogens transferred by great cormorants to terrestrial ecosystems affected the potential foods of the small mammals and led to highly elevated and variable δ15N values. Increase of the colony in 2015 caused isotopic enrichment of the small mammals in the zone of expansion compared to 2014 levels. For most of the resources tested, the isotopic signatures in the established colony area were significantly higher, than in the ecotone (between colony and surrounding forest) and expansion zone with the first year on cormorant nests present. Surprisingly, in the colony δ15N values in plants (16.9 ± 1.1 ‰) were higher than in invertebrates (13.6 ± 0.4 ‰). In the ecotone δ15N values were 12.0 ± 1.4 ‰ in plants and 14.7 ± 0.04 ‰ in invertebrates, while in the expansion zone −7.2 ± 3.0 ‰ and 9.9 ± 3.8 ‰, respectively. δ15N-rich resources led to increased δ15N values in the hair of A. flavicollis and M. glareolus. Thus, biogens from the great cormorant colony immediately affected small mammals through their food sources.
A data model of the Climate and Forecast metadata conventions (CF-1.6) with a software implementation (cf-python v2.1)
Authors: Hassell David , Gregory Jonathan , Blower Jon , Lawrence Bryan N. , Taylor Karl E.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The CF (Climate and Forecast) metadata conventions are designed to promote the creation, processing, and sharing of climate and forecasting data using Network Common Data Form (netCDF) files and libraries. The CF conventions provide a description of the physical meaning of data and of their spatial and temporal properties, but they depend on the netCDF file encoding which can currently only be fully understood and interpreted by someone familiar with the rules and relationships specified in the conventions documentation. To aid in development of CF-compliant software and to capture with a minimal set of elements all of the information contained in the CF conventions, we propose a formal data model for CF which is independent of netCDF and describes all possible CF-compliant data. Because such data will often be analysed and visualised using software based on other data models, we compare our CF data model with the ISO 19123 coverage model, the Open Geospatial Consortium CF netCDF standard, and the Unidata Common Data Model. To demonstrate that this CF data model can in fact be implemented, we present cf-python, a Python software library that conforms to the model and can manipulate any CF-compliant dataset.
Adopting I3–R24 rainfall index and landslide susceptibility on the establishment of early warning model for rainfall-induced shallow landslides
Authors: Wei Lun-Wei , Huang Chuen-Ming , Lee Chyi-Tyi , Chi Chun-Chi , Chiu Chen-Lung
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Rainfall-induced landslide is one of the most devastating natural hazards in the world and the setup of early warning models is a pressing need for reducing losses and fatalities. Most part of landslide early warnings are based on rainfall thresholds defined at the regional scale, regardless of the different landslide susceptibility of each slope. Here we tried to divide slope units in southern Taiwan into three categories (high, moderate, low) according to their susceptibility. For each category, we established their rainfall thresholds separately so as to provide differentiated thresholds for different susceptibility. Logistic regression (LR) analysis was performed to evaluate the landslide susceptibility by using event based landslide inventories and predisposing factors. Through the analysis of rainfall patterns of more than 900 landslide cases gathered from field investigation, 3-hour mean rainfall intensity (I3) was recognized as a key rainfall index for short duration but high intensity rainfall; on the other hand, 24-hour accumulated rainfall (R24) was recognized as a key rainfall index for long duration but low intensity rainfall. Thus, the I3–R24 rainfall index was used for the establishment of rainfall thresholds in this study. Finally, an early warning model was proposed by setting warning signs including yellow (advisory), orange (watch) and red (warning) according to the concept of hazard matrix. These differentiated thresholds and warning signs can provide essential information for local government on evacuating decision of residents.
The influence of layering and barometric pumping on firn air
transport in a 2D model
Authors: Birner Benjamin , Buizert Christo , Wagner Till J. W. , Severinghaus Jeffrey P.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Ancient air trapped in ice core bubbles has been paramount to developing our understanding of past climate and atmospheric composition. Before air bubbles become isolated in ice, the atmospheric signal is altered in the firn column by transport processes such as advection and diffusion. However, the influence of impermeable layers and barometric pumping (driven by surface pressure variability) on firn air transport is not well understood and cannot be captured in conventional 1-dimensional firn air models. Here we present a 2-dimensional (2D) trace gas advection-diffusion-dispersion model that accounts for discontinuous horizontal layers of reduced permeability. We find that layering and barometric pumping individually yield too small a reduction in gravitational settling to match observations. In contrast, a combination of both effects more strongly suppresses gravitational fractionation. Layering locally focuses airflows in the 2D model and thus amplifies the dispersive mixing resulting from barometric pumping. Hence, the representation of both factors is needed to obtain a more natural emergence of the lock-in zone. Moreover, we find that barometric pumping in the layered 2D model does not substantially change the differential kinetic fractionation of fast and slow diffusing trace gases, which is observed in nature. This suggests that further subgrid-scale physics may be missing in the current generation of firn air transport models. However, we find robust scaling relationships between kinetic isotope fractionation of different noble gas isotope and elemental ratios. These relationships may be used to correct for kinetic fractionation in future high precision ice core studies.
Wind inflow observation from load harmonics
Authors: Bertelè Marta , Bottasso Carlo L. , Cacciola Stefano , Daher Adegas Fabiano , Delport Sara
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The wind field leaves its fingerprint on the rotor response. This fact can be exploited by using the rotor as a sensor: by looking at the rotor response, in the present case in terms of blade loads, one may infer the wind characteristics. This paper describes a wind state observer that estimates four wind parameters, namely the vertical and horizontal shears and the yaw and upflow misalignment angles, from out-of-plane and in-plane blade bending moments. The resulting observer provides on-rotor wind inflow characteristics that can be exploited for wind turbine and wind farm control. The proposed formulation is evaluated through extensive numerical simulations in turbulent and nonturbulent wind conditions using a high-fidelity aeroservoelastic model of a multi-MW wind turbine.
Effects of defects in composite wind turbine blades – Part 1: Characterization and mechanical testing
Authors: Nelson Jared W. , Riddle Trey W. , Cairns Douglas S.
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The Montana State University Composite Material Technologies Research Group performed a study to ascertain the effects of defects that often result from the manufacture of composite wind turbine blades. The first step in this multiyear study was to systematically quantify and enter these defects into a database before embedding similar defects into manufactured coupons. Through the Sandia National Laboratories Blade Reliability Collaborative (BRC), it was determined that key defects to investigate were fiber waves and porosity. An inspection of failed commercial-scale wind turbine blades yielded metrics that utilized specific parameters to physically characterize a defect. Methods to easily and consistently discretize, measure, and assess these defects based on the identified parameters were established to allow for statistical analysis. Data relating flaw parameters to frequencies of occurrence were analyzed and found to fit within standard distributions. Additionally, mechanical testing of coupons with flaws based on these physical characterization data was performed to understand effects of these defects. Representative blade materials and manufacturing methods were utilized and both material properties and damage progression were measured. It was observed that flaw parameters directly affected the mechanical response. While the data gathered in this first step are widely useful, it was also intended for use as a foundation for the rest of the study, to perform probabilistic analysis and comparative analysis of progressive damage models.
La tradición indirecta de las "Geórgicas" de Virgilio y su recepción ecdótica
Authors: Escobar Ángel
Published: December 2017

La tradición indirecta de las Geórgicas plantea todavía a los editores del texto numerosas dudas, cuya solución —al menos en sus aspectos prácticos— sigue requiriendo en nuestra opinión un análisis de los pasajes en su conjunto, tendente a la observación de paralelismos y a la aplicación de un proceder ecdótico más coherente. Tras un breve resumen de la transmisión antigua y medieval de la obra virgiliana en cuestión, con atención particular a los problemas que afectan a su rica tradición indirecta, nuestro trabajo resalta la relativa disparidad de criterios que viene ofreciendo la práctica editorial, incluida la más reciente, y plantea la conveniencia de uniformizar algo más —siempre en la medida de lo posible— la aplicación de tales criterios, tanto en lo que concierne a cuestiones de contenido y de cierta envergadura literaria (así, por ejemplo, la referente al empleo de arcaísmos) como a las meramente ortográficas.
Horacio y su historia de la sátira
Authors: Cortés Tovar Rosario
Published: December 2017

La historia de la sátira trazada por Horacio en sus Sermones empieza con Lucilio, el inuentor del género, que se inspira en el espíritu satírico de la vieja comedia ática, pero no desarrolla todas sus potencialidades. A este primer tiempo brillante, pero fallido por haberse estancado la sátira en manos de los seguidores de Lucilio que imitaron solo de sus defectos, le sigue un segundo tiempo en el que, tras los intentos frustrados del neotérico «Varrón Atacino y otros» por reencauzar el género, Horacio consigue llevarlo a la perfección que le permite entrar en el canon clásico. De esta forma, Horacio no es el primus en sentido cronológico pero sí en el sentido de excelencia y desde ahí construye la tradición de la sátira de acuerdo con sus propios intereses, pero hay que aceptar que la extraviada evolución postluciliana de la sátira jugó a su favor.
El hombre inútil en la novela española del siglo XX
Authors: Otero Íñigo Elizabeth
Published: December 2017

Una de las figuras más significativas de la literatura moderna es el hombre inútil, profundamente observado por la filología eslava. Sin embargo, en otras culturas occidentales, como la española, esta figura ha sido relacionada con atributos parciales y aspectos esencialmente improductivos. Quedaría por tanto pendiente un acercamiento de mayor calado a este personaje, acorde con su innegable relevancia, en términos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Este artículo pretende recordar las características que sobre esta figura han sido ya advertidas por la crítica y al mismo tiempo ofrecer algunas pistas nuevas para ampliar esa mirada.
"La pícara Justina" en el "Diccionario castellano" de Terreros
Authors: Prieto García-Seco David
Published: December 2017

El Libro de entretenimiento de la pícara Justina (1605) es una obra que posee un lenguaje de difícil inteligencia y en muchas ocasiones un léxico un tanto oscuro. Ello, no obstante, no ha impedido que numerosos lexicógrafos se hayan sentido atraídos por esta obra y se hayan aventurado en la delicada tarea de recopilar sus voces y definirlas. Por ejemplo, La pícara Justina tuvo una notable acogida en el Diccionario de autoridades (1726-1739), en cuyos artículos se adujeron 856 textos de la novela picaresca.El presente trabajo dirige su mirada a la otra gran obra de la lexicografía monolingüe del español general publicada en el siglo XVIII, el Diccionario castellano del P. Terreros, y, tras cuantificar la presencia de la Pícara en este diccionario y compararla con la que tuvo en el Diccionario de autoridades, se detiene en el estudio de ciertos grupos de palabras y, en el caso de algunas voces particulares, analiza cuál es su tratamiento lexicográfico.
El nacionalcatolicismo en "Juegos de la edad tardía" de Luis Landero
Authors: Ruiz de Aguirre Alfonso
Published: December 2017

La religión, en la forma particular que adquirió en España durante la dictadura franquista, a la llamamos nacionalcatolicismo, resulta el marco de referencia fundamental para la comprensión de Juegos de la edad tardía. Desde su perspectiva se configura la trama, cobran sentido muchos de los mensajes tácitos del autor implícito y se estructura el vocabulario, el pensamiento, la forma de sentir, el carácter y el comportamiento de todos los personajes. El nacionalcatolicismo, sustentado por la Iglesia y el Estado, se erige en el elemento represor que aplasta la autoestima de los personajes, los condena a una existencia rutinaria y absurda, los enfanga en un universo de culpas, pecados y penitencias, coarta sus libertades, anatemiza su sexualidad, criminaliza sus pulsiones eróticas, demoniza sus sentimientos amorosos y castra sus sueños.
Marcas de universidades brasileiras no Instagram: o discurso e a identidade do estudante
Authors: Freitas Cardoso João Batista , Santana Jefferson De Azevedo
Published: December 2017

O artigo tem o objetivo de discutir como, no Brasil, os estudantes utilizam a imagem da marca das instituições, por meio do Instagram, criando e promovendo valores para a própria identidade. Foi realizada análise documental das publicações de estudantes de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi e Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. O levantamento das publicações dos estudantes com as marcas de instituições de Ensino Superior foi feito de forma qualitativa por meio de hashtags no site IconosQuare.  Como resultado, foi verificado que, nas publicações, os estudantes se apropriam de diversos elementos da marca, como logo, cor, uniforme e fachada. Também foi comprovado que os estudantes se apropriam dos valores simbólicos da marca utilizando-se ou não do discurso da instituição.
Aprovação social na ponta dos dedos: representação do eu e gerenciamento de impressões no Tinder
Authors: Carrera Fernanda , Bernardazzi Rafaela , Xavier Aracely , Medeiros Heloize Beatriz , Oliveira Larissa
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho visa, de forma exploratória, compreender as dinâmicas de gerenciamento de si no Tinder a partir da perspectiva dramatúrgica de Erving Goffman. Entende-se que, por acionar mecanismos de geolocalização e de interação assíncrona, este aplicativo de relacionamento moviliza formas diferentes de apresentação do eu e de legitimação de fachadas sociais. Sendo assim, discute-se aqui de que forma os usuários constroem a si mesmos diante dos limites materiais do dispositivo móvel, buscando, assim, a legitimação social de suas identidades postas à interação.
Reseña/Review (Marí Sáez, Victor Manuel, "Comunicaciones ininterrumpidas", Madrid: PPC-Editorial, ISBN 8428829926, 208 págs., 2016)
Authors: Fernandez López Alberto
Published: December 2017

Reseña/Review (Marí Sáez, Victor Manuel, "Comunicaciones ininterrumpidas", Madrid: PPC-Editorial, ISBN 8428829926, 208 págs., 2016)
Contribution of Interleukin-6 to the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Kawaguchi Yasushi
Published: December 2017

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease of unknown etiology, manifesting in patients as tissue fibrosis, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. The disease is characterized by autoantibodies, a hallmark of autoimmunity. Various cytokines and growth factors are elevated in the systemic circulation and fibrotic lesions of patients with SSc. In particular, several studies over the past 2 decades have shown that interleukin-6 (IL-6) appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of SSc. Based on the association between aberrant IL-6 production and tissue fibrosis in patients with SSc, the anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, is being investigated in clinical trials. This article reviews the biological features of IL-6 and the IL-6 receptor; the role of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of SSc; and the potential for IL-6 inhibition to be used in the treatment of patients with SSc.
Interleukin-6 as a Multifunctional Regulator: Inflammation, Immune Response, and Fibrosis
Authors: Choy Ernest , Rose-John Stefan
Published: December 2017

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a 184-amino acid protein cytokine that is produced by many types of cells and is expressed during states of cellular stress, such as inflammation, infection, wound sites, and cancer. IL-6 levels may increase several thousand-fold in these states and may help to coordinate the response to dysregulation of tissue homeostasis. IL-6 acts through a membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (mIL-6R), which, together with a second receptor, glycoprotein 130 (gp130), leads to the initiation of intracellular signaling (classic signaling). Given that IL-6R is expressed on only a few types of cells, though all cells express gp130, direct stimulation by IL-6 is limited to cells that express mIL-6R. However, IL-6R is also produced as a soluble, secreted protein that, together with IL-6, can stimulate all gp130-expressing cells by a process termed IL-6 trans-signaling. IL-6 trans-signaling can be blocked without affecting IL-6 classic signaling through mIL-6R. IL-6 has major effects on the adaptive and innate immune system and on mesenchymal and stromal responses during inflammation. It promotes the development of pathogenic T-helper 17 T cells and the maturation of B lymphocytes. Many innate immune cells, neutrophils, and monocytes/macrophages produce and respond to IL-6, resulting in autocrine feedback loops that amplify inflammation. IL-6 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases in which IL-6 trans-signaling has been shown to stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts and the release of procollagen and fibronectin.
Interleukin-6 and Related Proteins as Biomarkers in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Denton Christopher P. , Ong Voon H.
Published: December 2017

The search for biomarkers in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is driven by a goal to stratify patients, identify potential subgroups for treatment, and help assess response to therapy. Emerging evidence indicates that interleukin-6 (IL-6) and some family members are key biomarkers involved in SSc pathogenesis and therefore suitable targets for therapy. Recent studies evaluating IL-6 and its canonical Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription downstream pathways in modulating fibrotic response and immune cell function suggest a pivotal role for IL-6 in SSc pathogenesis. Although the significance and effect of local tissue expression of IL-6 and its family members are less well established, high levels of circulating IL-6 may identify subgroups of patients with early-stage disease, particularly those at risk for progressive lung fibrosis. In addition, higher disease activity may portend poor prognostic outcome in terms of survival and skin disease. Longitudinal assessment of serum levels of IL-6 and its signaling associates may prove valuable in monitoring response to treatment. As an IL-6–dependent surrogate marker, C-reactive protein may assist cohort enrichment if targeted treatment for IL-6 demonstrates efficacy, especially in subgroups with high IL-6 levels. Although IL-6 appears to be a key factor in the hierarchy of the complex network of disease-associated molecules, the systemic or autocrine/paracrine manner in which IL-6 asserts its profibrotic effects—particularly its interaction with other key pathogenic factors in SSc—is unknown. Ongoing clinical trials will help to delineate the mechanisms of IL-6 in SSc pathogenesis and inform on the role of these biomarkers.
Tocilizumab Treatment of Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: Clinical Data
Authors: Khanna Dinesh , Jahreis Angelika , Furst Daniel E.
Published: December 2017

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by progressive, and often severe, inflammation and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs, such as the lungs, heart, kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract. There is an unmet medical need to treat patients with SSc given the high SSc-related mortality rate. Furthermore, disease-modifying therapies are lacking, and current treatment options focus on the management of individual organ-specific complications associated with the disease. Immunosuppressive therapies are the mainstay of pharmacologic management of major SSc-associated complications, such as skin and lung manifestations, but their overall effectiveness is limited and toxicity issues are common. Advances in understanding of the pathological processes involved in the immunologic and fibrotic mechanisms of SSc have led to clinical research focusing on targeted immunotherapies, in an effort to develop much needed disease-modifying treatment options. The interleukin-6 receptor-alpha antagonist tocilizumab has demonstrated promising efficacy in a phase 2 trial and is being investigated in a phase 3 trial. This article provides an overview of current pharmacologic treatment options for the management of SSc-related complications and discusses tocilizumab for the treatment of SSc in clinical trials.
“What Was That All About?” Flawed Methodologies in Explaining the Origins of ISIS (2003–2013)
Authors: Kazimi Nibras
Published: December 2017

Each of these three books takes a different approach to explaining the rise of the Islamic State. Fishman is trained in the nascent field of jihadist studies and focuses on jihadist media and intellectual output as well as on the accounts presented by captured documents, detainees, and defectors; Gerges is a scholar who provides an overview that encapsulates the historical, political, and cultural context of the events described; and Wood is a journalist exploring the unfiltered motivations and thoughts of the jihadis themselves. The three books complement one another and in many ways do not overlap. However, it is this reviewer's sense that there is still enough missing from these accounts, as a result of shortcomings in method, that ultimately detracts from the ability to comprehend the problem set presented by the Zarqawist “style” of jihadism.
Making a Mockery of Meat: Troubling Texture and the Failings of the “Flesh”
Authors: Stahl Geoff
Published: December 2017

This article considers the fraught nature of meat analogs, colloquially known as “mock meats” (such as Tofurky, facon, Veat, soysage, and so on). Meat analogs offer up a semiotic and ethical provocation—an uneasy and unsettling one for some, a comforting and nostalgic one for others—through their aspiration to “meatiness.” As these parodic foodstuffs in their naming make apparent, mock meats are unable to escape what Derrida refers to as the West’s privileging of “carno-phallogocentrism,” where in dietary terms meat remains the preferred point of reference. Drawing upon media stories, advertising, and promotional material from mock meat manufacturers, this article examines the ambivalence and signifying fuzziness of meat analogs in relation to larger debates about consumption and food ethics.
Ticks collected in late fall from hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) heads in Pennsylvania, 2013–2015
Authors: Farone Tracy S. , Campagnolo Enzo R. , Hutzelmann Amanda L. , Lind Amy E. , Everett Amanda A. , Minch Ryker L. , Fort Colin J. , Braumann Ryan E.
Published: December 2017

Despite studies indicating the presence of Dermacentor albipictus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Pennsylvania, no published studies confirm the prominence of the tick throughout the state. During the fall of 2013, 2014, and 2015, 9912 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) heads were presented at six chronic wasting disease sampling stations across Pennsylvania, where tick collection took place. A total of 2973 ticks, representing I. scapularis (n = 1990, 66.9%) and D. albipictus (n = 983, 33.1%), were recovered, reaffirming I. scapularis as the more prevalent tick in Pennsylvania and confirming the prominence of D. albipictus throughout the state.
A Study of the Development of Accounting Higher Education in Brazil: A View of graduation to the Doctorate
Authors: Andrade Marcia Helena De , Lima Fernando Silva , Santana Gustavo Henrique Silva , Cruz Rabelo Kaique Felipe Da
Published: December 2017

This study sought to address the development of accounting education in the Brazilian scenario. A methodology applied to the analytical method, however, with a quantitative and qualitative approach. The results showed that masters programs are more offered by public higher education institutions, a reality that is controversial for a graduate. The Research concludes that it is necessary to carry out a strategy and incentives to increase as vacancies in the Masters and Doctoral Programs in Brazil.
An Empirical Analysis of the Property Catastrophe Reinsurance
Authors: Jang Jong-Hag
Published: December 2017

Following a series of costly catastrophes, including Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in 2017 and the Sichuan Earthquake in 2017, the purchase of property catastrophe reinsurance has become a major topic of debate. Many techniques for selecting an optimal retention and upper limit level have been proposed, but no entirely satisfactory method has been devised. Therefore, in practice, the setting of retentions and upper limits is still more a matter of judgment than science. In this study, we examine the determinants of property catastrophe excess-of-loss reinsurance retentions and limits for property-liability insurance companies in the U.S. insurance industry. A cross-sectional model is estimated using two-stage least squares regression. The regression analysis shows that most coefficients have the hypothesized signs and are significant. This study is the first research that provides clear evidence to support the relationship among retentions, upper limits, and co-reinsurance rates.