bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a prognostic risk model for clear cell renal cell carcinoma by systematic evaluation of DNA methylation markers
Authors: Joosten S. C. , Odeh S. N. O. , Koch A. , Buekers N. , Aarts M. J. B. , Baldewijns M. M. L. L. , Van Neste L. , van Kuijk S. , Schouten L. J. , van den Brandt P. A. , Tjan-Heijnen V. C. , van Engeland M. , Smits K. M.
Published: May 2021

Background

Current risk models for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) based on clinicopathological factors are sub-optimal in accurately identifying high-risk patients. Here, we perform a head-to-head comparison of previously published DNA methylation markers and propose a potential prognostic model for clear cell RCC (ccRCC).

Patients and methods

Promoter methylation of PCDH8, BNC1, SCUBE3, GREM1, LAD1, NEFH, RASSF1A, GATA5, SFRP1, CDO1, and NEURL was determined by nested methylation-specific PCR. To identify clinically relevant methylated regions, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was used to guide primer design. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 336 non-metastatic ccRCC patients from the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS) were used to develop a Cox proportional hazards model using stepwise backward elimination and bootstrapping to correct for optimism. For validation purposes, FFPE ccRCC tissue of 64 patients from the University Hospitals Leuven and a series of 232 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used.

Results

Methylation of GREM1, GATA5, LAD1, NEFH, NEURL, and SFRP1 was associated with poor ccRCC-specific survival, independent of age, sex, tumor size, TNM stage or tumor grade. Moreover, the association between GREM1, NEFH, and NEURL methylation and outcome was shown to be dependent on the genomic region. A prognostic biomarker model containing GREM1, GATA5, LAD1, NEFH and NEURL methylation in combination with clinicopathological characteristics, performed better compared to the model with clinicopathological characteristics only (clinical model), in both the NLCS and the validation population with a c-statistic of 0.71 versus 0.65 and a c-statistic of 0.95 versus 0.86 consecutively. However, the biomarker model had limited added prognostic value in the TCGA series with a c-statistic of 0.76 versus 0.75 for the clinical model.

Conclusion

In this study we performed a head-to-head comparison of potential prognostic methylation markers for ccRCC using a novel approach to guide primers design which utilizes the optimal location for measuring DNA methylation. Using this approach, we identified five methylation markers that potentially show prognostic value in addition to currently known clinicopathological factors.
Nonlinear $(m,\infty )$-isometries and $(m,\infty )$-expansive (contractive) mappings on normed spaces
Authors: Ayed Al-Ahmadi Aydah Mohammed
Published: May 2021

Let S be a self-mapping on a normed space ${\mathcal{X}}$
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Improved permeate flux and rejection of ultrafiltration membranes prepared from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste
Authors: Kusumocahyo Samuel P. , Ambani Syarifa K. , Marceline Shelly
Published: May 2021

The vast amount of not-recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottle waste is a serious threat to the environment. In order to utilize the waste, PET ultrafiltration membranes were prepared using PET bottle waste as the raw material by using the phase inversion technique. Low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) was used as the additive for the membranes. PET resin was also used as the membrane material to compare the properties of the membrane from PET bottle waste and those from the PET resin. The membrane prepared from PET bottle waste and that prepared from PET resin showed similar membrane characteristics such as IR spectra, morphology, hydrophilicity and porosity, indicating that instead of using PET resin, PET bottle waste can be utilized as a source of the polymer material to fabricate low-cost membranes. The morphology, hydrophilicity and porosity of the membranes were strongly affected by the PEG 400 concentration. The analysis of the membrane morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy showed that the membranes had an asymmetric structure that consisted of a macroporous cross section and a smooth active layer. Increasing the PEG 400 concentration resulted in a smaller pore size, however the hydrophilicity and the porosity of the membranes increased. As a result, the membranes showed an increase in both permeate flux and rejection with increasing concentration of PEG 400 as observed from the results of the ultrafiltration experiments. Using Bovine Serum Albumin as a solute model in the feed, high values of rejection of up to 94% were achieved. Thus, ultrafiltration membranes with improved permeate flux and rejection could be prepared from PET bottle waste by the addition of PEG 400 as the additive.
Mid-term results and survival rates following a single-design rotating hinge knee arthroplasty in non-tumor conditions in a Pakistani population
Authors: Memon Nouman , Iqbal Faizan , Noor Syed Shahid , Najjad Kazim Rahim , Sozera Muhammad Farhan , Abro Arsalan , Khan Noman
Published: May 2021

Background

Information regarding the use of hinged implants in non-oncological conditions is limited in our region due to a lack of adequate data collection and follow-up. The purpose of this study is to evaluate mid-term results and risk factors affecting the survivorship of third-generation rotating hinge knee (RHK) patients in non-oncological conditions.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 41 single, third-generation, rotating hinge prostheses in three complex primary knee procedures and 38 revision knee surgeries in between 2007 to 2014. Implant survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors influencing implant survival were identified using the log-rank test. During the study period, clinical results along with complications were assessed. Clinical outcomes were assessed by using the Knee Society Score (KSS).

Results

RHK arthroplasty was used in 41 patients. Out of 41 patients, a RHK was used in three patients with a complex primary deformed knee whereas in 38 patients, a RHK was used in revision arthroplasty surgery. The cumulative implant survival rate with re-revision due to any cause was found to be 87.8% (95% CI 69.2–90.1) at 5–7 years. Prosthetic joint infection, peri-prosthetic fracture and extensor mechanism complications were the commonest mode of failure. The P value was found to be significant when comparing KSS pre-operatively and post-operatively.

Conclusion

The cumulative implant survival rate was found to be 87.8%. Prosthetic joint infection was the commonest mode of failure in patients who underwent third-generation RHK surgery for variable indications. Being a patient with a high Charlson comorbidity index is the main risk factor associated with failure of the rotating hinge implant.
HLA-A gene knockout using CRISPR/Cas9 system toward overcoming transplantation concerns
Authors: Amiri Farshid , Ranjbar Maryam , Pirouzfar Mohammad , Nourigorji Marjan , Dianatpour Mehdi
Published: May 2021

Background

The treatment of many cancers and genetic diseases relies on novel engraftment approaches such as cell therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). However, these methods are hindered by the alloreactive immune responses triggered by incompatible human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. A successful HSCT procedure requires the eradication of donor and recipient HLA alloimmunization. Eliminating HLA-A gene expression using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) could be a great approach to increase the possibility of a successful HSCT through extending pool of unrelated donors.

Results

Our dual gRNA approach introduced a large deletion in the HLA-A gene. Among 22 single-cloned cells, two clones (9.09%) and 11 clones (50%) received homozygous and heterozygous large deletions, respectively. Finally, the real-time PCR results also revealed that HLA-A gene expression was diminished significantly.

Conclusion

The results suggested that CRISPR/Cas9 could be used as an efficient technique to introduce HLA-A gene knockout; thus, it can considerably lessen the burden of finding a fully matched donor by lowering the alleles required for a successful HSCT.
Genome wide association study for the identification of genes associated with tail fat deposition in Chinese sheep breeds
Authors: Zhu Caiye , Li Na , Cheng Heping , Ma Youji
Published: May 2021

Chinese indigenous sheep can be classified into three types based on tail morphology: fat-tailed, fat-rumped, and thin-tailed sheep, of which the typical breeds are large-tailed Han sheep, Altay sheep, and Tibetan sheep, respectively. To unravel the molecular genetic basis underlying the phenotypic differences among Chinese indigenous sheep with these three different tail types, we used ovine high-density 600K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays to detect genome-wide associations, and performed general linear model analysis to identify candidate genes, using genotyping technology to validate the candidate genes. Tail type is an important economic trait in sheep. However, the candidate genes associated with tail type are not known. The objective of this study was to identify SNP markers, genes, and chromosomal regions related to tail traits. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using data from 40 large-tailed Han sheep, 40 Altay sheep (cases) and 40 Tibetan sheep (controls). A total of 31 significant (P<0.05) SNPs associated with tail-type traits were detected. For significant SNPs' loci, we determined their physical location and performed a screening of candidate genes within each region. By combining information from previously reported and annotated biological functional genes, we identified SPAG17, Tbx15, VRTN, NPC2, BMP2 and PDGFD as the most promising candidate genes for tail-type traits. Based on the above identified candidate genes for tail-type traits, BMP2 and PDGFD genes were selected to investigate the relationship between SNPs within the tails in the Altay and Tibetan populations. rs119 T>C in exon1 of the BMP2 gene and one SNP in exon4 (rs69 C>A) of the PDGFD gene were detected. rs119 was of the TT genotype in Altay sheep, while it was of the CC genotype in Tibetan sheep. On rs69 of the PDGFD gene, Altay sheep presented with the CC genotype; however, Tibetan sheep presented with the AA genotype.
Place of Performance Measurement in the Management System of the Organization
Authors: Sobol O.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of identifying the main problem areas of modern dis-tance learning, as well as defining further directions for the development of the educational sphere. The article analyzes the data obtained in the course of practical research in the form of an online survey from November 2020 to March 2021. The research participants are both university students and working specialists from various areas of commercial and non-commercial activities. A special focus is on studying the difficulties that students of distance education courses and programs face: technical support, maintaining a high level of motivation, problems with the per-ception of information and external distractions. At the same time, in general, the study partici-pants highly rated their level of satisfaction from passing online training, the quality of teaching and illustrative material, the convenience of digital educational platforms and specialized appli-cations. The article considers the concept of blended learning or "Blended Learning" as one of the possible directions for the development of the educational sphere, provides a definition and data and the degree of awareness and involvement in this educational process. This approach al-lows you to effectively combine all the advantages of traditional full-time educational methods and modern digital technologies, distance learning opportunities.
Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding and overall duration of breastfeeding among mothers in Plateau, Nigeria
Authors: Emmanuel Andy , Clow Sheila E
Published: May 2021

Background

It is recommended that infants should be fed exclusively with breast milk for the first 6 months, and up to 2 years after birth. This has the potential to improve child survival in limited resource settings. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of exclusive breastfeeding and overall duration of breastfeeding among pregnant mothers in Plateau, Nigeria.

Method

This was a cross-sectional study involving 763 pregnant mothers attending antenatal clinics in the three senatorial districts of Plateau state, who completed a validated questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained, and all women participated voluntarily. Data were coded and analysed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression, with P<0.05 considered significant.

Results

Overall, 84.4% of mothers were exclusively breastfeeding at discharge or 48 hours after birth. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months was practiced by 36.2% of respondents. Exclusive breastfeeding rates showed a decline as infant age increased. Women with fewer than five children were 2.3 times more likely to feed their baby other foods within the first 6 months than those with five or more children (P=0.001). The average overall duration of breastfeeding was 15 (standard deviation±4) months. Women less than 30 years old were 2.4 times more likely to breastfeed for a shorter period of time, compared to women who were 30 years or older (P<0.001). Chi-square analysis suggested a significant relationship between place of delivery, type of delivery, parity and infant feeding practices.

Conclusions

Exclusive breastfeeding was not common among the women who participated in this study and declined with increased infant age. The overall duration of breastfeeding was 15 months, which is less than the recommended 2 years. Maternal age, place of delivery, type of delivery and parity were found to influence exclusive breastfeeding and overall breastfeeding. Understanding current practices and factors that influence breastfeeding is important to implement strategies that will empower mothers to breastfeed exclusively. Identifying the cultural practices that act as barriers to early breastfeeding is necessary for the drafting of future interventions to promote breastfeeding.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: Mcgloin Claudia
Published: May 2021

In this regular feature, aesthetic nurse Claudia McGloin presents a brief synopsis of a range of recently published articles on medical aesthetics. Research roundup aims to provide an overview, rather than a detailed summary and critique, of the papers selected. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided at the end of each study summary
Risk factors for a radiolucent line around the acetabular component with an interface bioactive bone cement technique after primary cemented total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Miyamoto Shuichi , Iida Satoshi , Suzuki Chiho , Nakatani Takushi , Kawarai Yuya , Nakamura Junichi , Orita Sumihisa , Ohtori Seiji
Published: May 2021

Aims

The main aims were to identify risk factors predictive of a radiolucent line (RLL) around the acetabular component with an interface bioactive bone cement (IBBC) technique in the first year after THA, and evaluate whether these risk factors influence the development of RLLs at five and ten years after THA.

Methods

A retrospective review was undertaken of 980 primary cemented THAs in 876 patients using cemented acetabular components with the IBBC technique. The outcome variable was any RLLs that could be observed around the acetabular component at the first year after THA. Univariate analyses with univariate logistic regression and multivariate analyses with exact logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for any RLLs based on radiological classification of hip osteoarthritis.

Results

RLLs were detected in 27.2% of patients one year postoperatively. In multivariate regression analysis controlling for confounders, atrophic osteoarthritis (odds ratio (OR) 2.17 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 4.49); p = 0.038) and 26 mm (OR 3.23 (95% CI 1.85 to 5.66); p < 0.001) or 28 mm head diameter (OR 3.64 (95% CI 2.07 to 6.41); p < 0.001) had a significantly greater risk for any RLLs one year after surgery. Structural bone graft (OR 0.19 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.29) p < 0.001) and location of the hip centre within the true acetabular region (OR 0.15 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.24); p < 0.001) were significantly less prognostic. Improvement of the cement-bone interface including complete disappearance and poorly defined RLLs was identified in 15.1% of patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for the acetabular component at ten years with revision of the acetabular component for aseptic loosening as the end point was 100.0% with a RLL and 99.1% without a RLL (95% CI 97.9 to 100). With revision of the acetabular component for any reason as the end point, the survival rate was 99.2% with a RLL (95% CI 97.6 to 100) and 96.5% without a RLL (95% CI 93.4 to 99.7).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that acetabular bone quality, head diameter, structural bone graft, and hip centre position may influence the presence of the any RLL. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2021;2(5):278–292.
Can High-Resolution Satellite Multispectral Imagery Be Used to Phenotype Canopy Traits and Yield Potential in Field Conditions?
Authors: Sankaran Sindhuja , Marzougui Afef , Hurst J. Preston , Zhang Chongyuan , Schnable James C. , Shi Yeyin
Published: May 2021

Highlights

Vegetation indices (NDVI, GNDVI, and SAVI) extracted from high-resolution satellite imagery were significantly associated with vegetation indices extracted from UAV imagery.

High-resolution satellite data can be used to predict maize yield at breeding plot scale.

Breeding plot sizes and the variability between maize genotypes may be associated with prediction accuracies.

Abstract. The recent availability of high spatial and temporal resolution satellite imagery has widened its applications in agriculture. Plant breeding and genetics programs are currently adopting unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based imagery data as a complement to ground data collection. With breeding trials across multiple geographic locations, UAV imaging is not always convenient. Hence, we anticipate that, similar to UAV imaging, phenotyping of individual test plots from high-resolution satellite imagery may also provide value to plant genetics and breeding programs. In this study, high spatial resolution satellite imagery (~38 to 48 cm pixel-1) was compared to imagery acquired using a UAV for its ability to phenotype maize grown in two-row and six-row breeding plots. Statistics (mean, median, sum) of color (red, green, blue), near-infrared, and vegetation indices such as normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI), and soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) were extracted from imagery from both sources (UAV and satellite) for comparison at three time points. In general, a strong correlation between satellite and UAV imagery extracted NDVI, GNDVI, and SAVI features (especially with mean and median statistics, p < 0.001) was observed at different time points. The correlation of both UAV and satellite image features with yield potential was maximum (p < 0.001) at the third time point (milk/dough growth stages). For example, Pearson’s correlation coefficients between mean NDVI, GNDVI, and SAVI features with yield potential were 0.52, 0.54, and 0.51 for data derived from UAV imagery, and 0.34, 0.41, and 0.40 for data derived from satellite imagery, respectively. Machine learning algorithms, including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression, were evaluated for yield prediction using vegetation index features that were significantly correlated with observed yield. The relationship between satellite imagery with crop performance can be a function of plot size in addition to crop variability. Nevertheless, with the ongoing improvement of satellite technologies, there is a possibility for the integration of satellite data into breeding programs, thus improving phenotyping efficiencies. Keywords: Image processing, Machine learning, Plant breeding, Statistical analysis, Unmanned aerial vehicles.
The potential of bird diversity in the urban landscape for birdwatching in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kurnia Insan , Arief Harnios , Mardiastuti Ani , Hermawan Rachmad
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Kurnia I, Arief H, Mardiastuti A, Hermawan R. 2021. The potential of bird diversity in the urban landscape for birdwatching in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1701-1711. Birdwatching is a recreational activity of observing birds in the wild with the naked eye¸ using tools such as telescopes and binoculars, or listening to bird sounds. The observation locations can be either natural landscape or urban landscapes with bird diversity. However, the dominance of built spaces and man-made vegetation differed from natural landscapes. This difference will affect the composition of birds found in the urban landscape. This paper aimed to analyze bird diversity in urban landscapes and their potential for birdwatching. The research was conducted from February to April 2020 in five cities in Java (Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, Yogyakarta, Surabaya). Bird data were taken using the IPA method and were carried out in 85 green open spaces. Total bird species found were 75 species, with the largest number found in Bogor (66 species), followed by Surabaya (36 species), Bandung (28 species), Sukabumi (26 species), and Yogyakarta (19 species). The locations with the highest species richness in each city are Bogor Botanical Gardens (53 species), Cikundul Agrotourism Area Sukabumi (18 species), Bandung Zoological Garden (21 species), Gembira Loka Zoo (14 species), and Pakal City Forest Surabaya (20 species). Commonly seen bird species are dominated by generalist species typical of urban landscapes (e.g., Collocalia linchi, Passer montanus, and Pycnonotus aurigaster). Bird species richness has a positive correlation with the local area and habitat diversity. A total of 74 bird species are resident species that can be found throughout the year as birdwatching objects. Only one species are migrant species namely Merops philippinus.
Potential of fungi isolated from a mangrove ecosystem in Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia: Protease, cellulase and anti-microbial capabilities
Authors: TRIANTO AGUS , RADJASA OCKY KARNA , SUBAGIYO SUBAGIYO , PURNAWENI HARTUTI , BAHRY MUHAMMAD SYAIFUDIEN , DJAMALUDIN RIGNOLDA , TJOA AIYEN , SINGLETON IAN , DIELE KAREN , EVAN DARREN
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Trianto A, Radjasa OK, Subagiyo, Purnaweni H, Bahry MS, Djamaludin R, Tjoa A, Singleton I, Diele K, Evan D. 2021. Potential of fungi isolated from a mangrove ecosystem in Northern Sulawesi, Indonesia: Protease, cellulase and anti-microbial capabilities. Biodiversitas 22: 1717- 1724. The high and relatively unexplored diversity of fungi present in the mangrove ecosystem represents a source of novel biotechnological importance. This study explored the potential of fungi isolated from the mangrove ecosystems to produce proteases and cellulases (commercially important enzymes) and their ability to inhibit pathogenic Vibrio species. Random samples of root, branch, leaf, sediments and litters were collected from 5 different mangrove sites in Manado, North Sulawesi, as a source of fungal isolates. The fungi were isolated on malt extract agar (MEA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA). The isolates were identified mainly based on the molecular methods (18S gene sequence) and examined for their ability to produce proteases, cellulases, and activity against several Vibrio species. Altogether 288 species of fungi were isolated from all samples. The fungi, isolated from leaves showed the highest diversity. A fungal isolate 19 Mba-C2-1 Fusarium equiseti from Avicennia sp. leaf showed the highest protease activity. While, the isolate 19 MT-05-3 Hypocrea sp. from sediment had the highest cellulase activity. From the root of Rhizophora sp., the isolate 19 MT-04-3 identified as Trichoderma viride had the strongest activity against a range of Vibrio species. This work indicates the high potential of fungi isolated from mangrove ecosystems as a source of commercially important enzymes and novel antimicrobial compounds.
The ethnobotany of Ngusaba ceremonial plant utilization by Tenganan Pegringsingan community in Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: RATNANI DEWA AYU SRI , Junitha I Ketut , Kriswiyanti Eniek , Dhana I Nyoman
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Ratnani DA, Junitha IK, Kriswiyanti E, Dhana IN. 2021. The ethnobotany of Ngusaba ceremonial plant utilization by Tenganan Pegringsingan community in Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2078-2087. Tenganan Pegringsingan is an ancient village in Bali, Indonesia, which often performs several ceremonies with high intensity. One of them is the Ngusaba ceremony, where many plants are utilized both in species and quantity. Hence, this study aimed to identify the species, family, local names, sources, and parts of plants, used for Ngusaba ceremonies by the Tenganan Pegringsingan community including the Index of Cultural Significance (ICS). Data analysis was qualitative and quantitative. Furthermore, the qualitative method was used to obtain data on the plants’ local names, while snowball sampling was applied to select key informants through in-depth interviews and moderate participation. The results showed that the 130 species distributed in 56 families mostly belonging to the purchased source (34.61%). The Poaceae is the largest family, while the most widely used part of the plant is the leaf. Based on the ICS analysis results, a range of 2-114 values was obtained. The highest value is Base (Piper betle L.) and kangkung (Ipomoea batatas L.) as lowest.
Exogenous acetic acid pre-treatment increases drought tolerance of two Indonesian foxtail millet (Setaria italica) accessions
Authors: Nisa Choirotin , Jadid Nurul
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Nisa C, Jadid N. 2021. Exogenous acetic acid pre-treatment increases drought tolerance of two Indonesian foxtail millet (Setaria italica) accessions. Biodiversitas 22: 2117-2124. Drought is one of the external factors that affect the productivity of food crops. Some biotechnological approaches had been developed to increase plant resistance to drought stress. Moreover, an adjustment in plant cultivation system is also reported as alternative way to enhance plant resistance to water deficit conditions, especially during their initial vegetative phase. This study aimed to determine the effect of exogenous acetic acid pre-treatment on some Indonesian foxtail millet (Setaria italica) accessions under drought stress conditions. Two different foxtail millet accessions were used in this study: Gambir Manis and Polman Kuning. Morphological and physiological parameters were observed during this study, including plant height, number of leaves, root length, relative water content, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and panicle weight. Our results showed that all foxtail millet accessions survived drought stress condition after being pre-treated with exogenous acetic acid. Yet, some morphological parameters were significantly affected. Meanwhile, physiological parameters were not significantly affected. Overall, our data suggest that exogenous acetic acid pre-treatment could enhance drought avoidance in S. italica accessions. This might be due to acetic acid-induced jasmonic acid modulation and secondary metabolites production in S. italica during water deficit exposure.
Characteristics of vegetation as determinant of Timor Friarbird (Philemon inornatus) distribution in Bipolo Lanscape of West Timor Island, Indonesia
Authors: Paga Blasius , PUDYATMOKO SATYAWAN , FAIDA LIES RAHAYU WIJAYANTI , YUDA IGN. PRAMANA , SULAKSONO NURPANA
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Paga B, Pudyatmoko S, Faida LRW, Yuda IP, Sulaksono N. 2021. Characteristics of vegetation as determinant of Timor Friarbird (Philemon inornatus) distribution in Bipolo Landscape of West Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2617-2635. This study aims to identify vegetation factors as determinants of the distribution of Timor Friarbird (Philemon inornatus) in Timor Island. Timor Friarbird is one of the seven endemics bird species widely distributed in Timor Island, from the eastern region of Timor Leste to western region of Indonesia. This research was conducted at Bipolo Landscape, located in Timor Island, and has diversity of tropical flora diversity surrounding its Natural Tourism Park, which provides Timor Friarbird habitat. The characteristics of vegetation ecology were obtained by sampling design through Biogeography Branch's Sampling Design Tool for ArcGIS, while land use cover type was obtained by maximum likelihood method. The structure and composition of vegetation were observed through nested plot sampling, while Timor Friarbird species were assessed using the combination of point count and line transect method. The result obtained was formulated by discriminant linear regression. The vegetation parameters influencing the presence of Timor Friarbird were tree land use cover, number of trees and their species, pole land use cover, number of poles and their species, sapling land use cover, number of saplings and their species. Timor Friarbird is more likely to be present in the land cover area of poles with a minimum number of individual trees, poles, and saplings (press value Q = 6,63 ? 7). The results of discriminant analysis obtained a new group (nine variables), used collectively as a determinant factor for the presence of Timor Friarbird in their natural habitat on Timor Island
Structural elucidation of the exopolysaccharide produced by Curvularia lunata isolate RJ01
Authors: JAYUS JAY , AKROMAN ROBBY , NURHAYATI NURHAYATI , NUGRAHA ARI SATIA , PILUHARTO BAMBANG , SEVIOUR ROBERT JAMES
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Jayus J, Akroman R, Nurhayati, Nugraha AS, Piluharto B, Seviour RJ. 2021. Structural elucidation of the exopolysaccharide produced by Curvularia lunata isolate RJ01. Biodiversitas 22: 2699-2705. An exopolysaccharide (EPS) was recovered from culture filtrates of the fungus Curvularia lunata isolate RJ01 prepared in Jember, Indonesia. Based on a prominent peak at 883 cm-1, FTIR analysis suggested it is a ?-D-glucan, a proposal confirmed by subsequent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis which showed anomeric protons omit the signal at d4.37 and 4.8 ppm, and sugar proton signal in the region of 2.5 to 4.2 ppm. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the acid hydrolysates of this glucan revealed the presence of glucose (64%) and a mixture of galactose and mannose (36%). Digestion with (1-->3)-?- and (1-->6)-?-glucanase from Acremonium sp. IMI 383068 gave consistent linear products of (1-->3)-?-glycosidic linkages, since the glucan was digested by (1-->3)-?-glucanase only. The rheological behavior of aqueous EPS solution suggests it behaves as a pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid and thus has the potential for use as a thickening agent in foods. This study is the first report on the structural elucidation of EPS from C. lunata.
Pests and diseases on Falcataria moluccana trees in agroforestry systems with pineapple in East Java, Indonesia
Authors: RAHAYU SRI , TRIYOGO ANANTO , WIDYASTUTI SITI M. , MUSYAFA’ MUSYAFA’ , ARDIANYAH FIQRY
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Rahayu S, Triyogo A, Widyastuti SM, Musyafa’, Ardianyah F. 2021. Pests and diseases on Falcataria moluccana trees in agroforestry systems with pineapple in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2779-2788. The agroforestry system using Falcataria moluccana (Sengon) and Ananas comosus (pineapple) is considered as a profitable intercropping system in Indonesia. To make it viable, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of mixed cropping on the incidence and severity of diseases and pests on Sengon trees and apply management measures. The present study was conducted (i) to assess the pest and disease problems on Sengon trees in the agroforestry system and (ii) to identify the most harmful pathogen/pest which affects the growth and causes mortality of Sengon trees at the beginning of intercropping and after the removal of pineapple from the system.  Incidence of pests and diseases were assessed in 3 replicate blocks with one-year-old Sengon trees mixed with pineapple, and in another 3 plots with four-year-old Sengon trees from where pineapple was removed after harvesting. Sengon and pineapple were planted in the plots using alley cropping method with 3 x 4 m2 spacing. The results showed that there were no significant pest and disease problems on pineapple. However, Sengon was infested by the white grub Lepidiota stigma, gall rust caused by the fungus Uromycladium falcatarium, the stem borer Xystrocera festiva, and mistletoe Scurrula sp. However, stem borer and gall rust were the only pest and disease issues recorded in the monocultures of Sengon in Indonesia. The occurrence of stem borer and gall rust disease had a significant effect on the diameter growth of trees and in some instances, these caused mortality of one-year-old trees. Significant mortality of four-year-old trees was caused by mistletoe infestation only. Although the incidence of gall rust and stem borer in the agroforestry system was not significantly low compared to the monoculture, the former had wider spacing between trees, more open canopy and resultant low humidity and faster wind speed reduced the severity of the gall rust disease and stem borer attack. However, the intercropping resulted in the white grub attack on young Sengon trees which calls for application of contaminant-free fertilizers in pineapple plantings.
Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in producing Escherichia coli in beef sold in traditional markets in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors: Wardhana Dhandy Koesoemo , SAFITRI DEVI AYU , ANNISA SUWAIBATUL , HARIJANI NENNY , ESTOEPANGESTIE AGNES THERESIA SOELIH , MAGHFIROH LAILATUL
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Wardhana DK, Safitri DA, Anisa S, Harijani N, Estoepangestie S, Maghfiroh L. 2021. Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases in producing Escherichia coli in beef sold in traditional markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2789-2793. Meat is a source of protein, but it can be contaminated by microorganisms such as Escherichia coli (E. coli). Some species of E. coli become resistant to antibiotics and produce Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) that limit the choice of antibiotics for treatment of E. coli infection. The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence of ESBLs leading to the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in beef sold in local markets in Surabaya City, Indonesia. A total of 60 samples from 10 traditional markets were tested. Isolated and identified E. coli strains were examined to detect the ESBL production through four-disc diffusion tests using cefotaxime (30 ?g), ceftazidime (30 ?g), ceftriaxone (30 ?g), and aztreonam (30 ?g). Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration was measured. The study showed the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in beef sold in the traditional markets in Surabaya. The average E. coli concentration in the beef was at 43.3%, and the highest resistance of the isolates was observed for cefotaxime (46.1%), ceftazidime (23.1%) ceftriaxone (19.2%), and aztreonam (38.4%). Data of ESBL-producing E. coli in broiler chicken meat in the traditional markets showed all of the E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, while 48.4% of them were resistant to, cephazolin. Only few (13%) were resistant to ceftazidime, and few others (9.6%) showed resistance to cefotaxime. The least number of them (6.4%) were resistant to ceftriaxone, and most of them were resistant to tetracycline (87.2%). Therefore, ESBLs were not reported producing E. coli in the beef. The presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in the beef gives an alert that good hygiene practices should be applied to handle meat safety and control the use of antibiotics
Local knowledge of Sundanese village people on traditional medicine: A case study in Cibeurih Hamlet, Nagarawangi Village, Sumedang District, Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhani Sintiami , Iskandar Johan , Partasasmita Ruhyat , Rohmatullayaly Eneng Nunuz
Published: May 2021

Traditionally, the Sundanese village people in West Java, to treat various common diseases, use traditional medicines made from various plants. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the knowledge of the Sundanese village people on various diseases, species of medicinal plants and parts of plants used to treat various diseases, sources of medicinal plant species, methods of processing and utilization of medicinal plant species, and source of knowledge on processing and utilization of medicinal plants. The method used in this research was mixed-methods, a mixture of qualitative and quantitative. Data collection techniques were carried out using semi-structured interviews with informants, structured interviews with respondents, and field observation. The results showed that there were 22 common diseases suffered by the people of Cibeurih Hamlet, Nagarawangi Village; 36 species of plants were recorded with the most dominant part of the leaf organ being used as medicine by the community; source of medicinal plants species mainly collected from the home garden; as well as the method of processing medicinal plants most often used by the community by boiling them, this knowledge is passed on from generation through parents.
Enhancement of manganese extraction in a biochar-enriched bioleaching column with a mixed culture of indigenous bacteria
Authors: Retnaningrum Endah , WILOPO WAHYU , WARMADA I WAYAN
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Retnanimgrum E, Wilopo W, Warmada IW. 2021. Enhancement of manganese extraction in a biochar-enriched bioleaching column with a mixed culture of indigenous bacteria. Biodiversitas 22: 2949-2955. Biochar can improve manganese ore extraction during bioleaching by inducing redox reactions and providing a porous matrix for bacterial attachment. In this research, the effect of variations in biochar concentration on the performance of a bioleaching column with a mixed culture of Acidithiobacillus sp. KL3 and Bacillus niacini KB3B1 were studied comprehensively for 30 days. Addition of 0.4% biochar resulted in 89% manganese extraction. Bioleaching with biochar promoted the oxidation of sulfur and yielded high sulfate concentrations, much better pH, and excellent oxidation–reduction potential conditions. The bacteria in the mixed culture survived and adapted to the extreme column environment by releasing extracellular polymeric substance, as evidenced by the sharp increase in the content of the material in the column to 135.7 mg/g over 30 days of incubation. The synergistic effect of the bacteria in the mixed culture greatly contributed to the mechanism of manganese extraction in the column, as indicated by changes in relative bacterial abundance, which is related to bacterial community succession during bioleaching. The relative abundance of B. niacini KB3B1 gradually increased and peaked at 30% over 9 days of measurements. By comparison, the abundance of Acidithiobacillus sp. KL3 first decreased over 9 days of bioleaching and then increased to a maximum of 80% in the final stages of the process. This finding reveals that biochar addition could enhance the mechanisms of bioleaching and improve the yield of manganese extraction.
Author Meets Critics: Diners, Dudes, and Diets: How Gender and Power Collide in Food Media and Culture
Authors: Contois Emily J. H. , Aronczyk Melissa , Banet-Weiser Sarah , Elvins Sarah , Ward Christina , Timke Edward
Published: May 2021

Abstract: This Author Meets Critics conversation focuses on Emily Contois' book Diners, Dudes, and Diets: How Gender and Power Collide in Food Media and Culture (UNC Press, 2020). Contois met with advertising, gender, and food culture specialists to discuss the following topics: the intersection of food studies, consumer culture, and gender identities; the importance of doing interdisciplinary research; the concepts of gender contamination and dude masculinity; the relationship between gender and neoliberal capitalism; the intersection of food, gender, and national identity; the representation of working class culture in dude food culture; the reason why Guy Fieri became a popular dude food celebrity; why food media and advertising have been conventional in how gender is represented; dude masculinity's connections to misogyny; possibilities to expand the book's research beyond the United States; diet foods' illusions of abundance; the encouragement of men and women to engage in indulgent restraint; the role of brands to transform how gender is represented and acted upon in society; whether brands are authentically supporting and engaging in social issues and movements related to gender; prescriptions for masculinity through cookbooks; and advice for advertisers and marketers based on reading the book.
His Light Still Shines: Corporate Advertisers and the Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday
Authors: West E. James
Published: May 2021

Abstract: This article examines a sample of 91 commemorative adverts published in Black consumer magazines Black Enterprise and Ebony between 1981 and 1991 to explore how corporate advertisers responded to the creation of a federal holiday for Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Signed into law by President Ronald Reagan in November 1983, and first officially celebrated in January 1986, the King holiday provided advertisers with an opportunity to honor King and celebrate his historical significance; something which fed into broader efforts by North American corporations to showcase their understanding and appreciation of Black history and, by extension, the Black consumer market. However, the multivalent tone of these commemorative features can be situated within ongoing and hotly contested debates over the meaning of King's activism and legacy, revealing the complex relationship between corporate social responsibility, Black history, commemorative advertising, and political messaging.
Recipes for diffuse correlation spectroscopy instrument design using commonly utilized hardware based on targets for signal-to-noise ratio and precision
Authors: Cortese Lorenzo , Lo Presti Giuseppe , Pagliazzi Marco , Contini Davide , Dalla Mora Alberto , Dehghani Hamid , Ferri Fabio , Fischer Jonas B. , Giovannella Martina , Martelli Fabrizio , Weigel Udo M. , Wojtkiewicz Stanislaw , Zanoletti Marta , Durduran Turgut
Published: May 2021

Over the recent years, a typical implementation of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) instrumentation has been adapted widely. However, there are no detailed and accepted recipes for designing such instrumentation to meet pre-defined signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and precision targets. These require specific attention due to the subtleties of the DCS signals. Here, DCS experiments have been performed using liquid tissue simulating phantoms to study the effect of the detected photon count-rate, the number of parallel detection channels and the measurement duration on the precision and SNR to suggest scaling relations to be utilized for device design.
Orbital-angular-momentum-resolved diagnostics for tracking internal phase evolution in multi-bound solitons
Authors: Zhao Yuwei , Fan Jintao , Song Youjian , Hu Minglie
Published: May 2021

The generation of multi-bound solitons is a fascinating subject of investigation in many conservative and dissipative systems, such as photonics, fluid mechanics, Bose-Einstein condensates, and so on. In this study, we demonstrate the successful extraction of phase dynamics between solitons in bound multiple solitons with up to seven constituents in a mode-locked Er laser system. By mapping the internal phase motions of multi-bound solitons to the spatial phase movement of cylindrical vector beams using orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based diagnostics, different categories of internal pulsations are revealed. We show that bound state of four solitons exhibits linear drifting relative phase evolution dynamics; while for bound multiple solitons with constituents from five to seven pulses, stationary relative phase dynamics are observed. These findings highlight the possibility of the OAM-based method access to the internal motion of multi-soliton molecules with more freedom of degrees and fuel the analogy with research on chemistry molecule complex.
Gaussian process regression for direct laser absorption spectroscopy in complex combustion environments
Authors: Wang Weitian , Wang Zhenhai , Chao Xing
Published: May 2021

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) has been proved to be a powerful diagnostic tool in combustion research. However, current methods for post-processing a large number of blended spectral lines are often inadequate both in terms of processing speed and accuracy. The present study verifies the application of Gaussian process regression (GPR) on processing direct absorption spectroscopy data in combustion environments to infer gas properties directly from the absorbance spectra. Parallelly-composed generic single-output GPR models and multi-output GPR models based on linear model of coregionalization (LMC) are trained using simulated spectral data at set test matrix to determine multiple unknown thermodynamic properties simultaneously from the absorbance spectra. The results indicate that compared to typical data processing methods by line profile fitting, the GPR models are proved to be feasible for accurate inference of multiple gas properties over a wide spectral range with a manifold of blended lines. While further validation and optimization work can be done, parallelly composed single-output GPR model demonstrates sufficient accuracy and efficiency for the demand of temperature and concentration inference.