bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low‐complexity user scheduling for LEO satellite communications
Authors: Wu Shiyu , Sun Gangle , Wang Yafei , You Li , Wang Wenjin , Ding Rui
Published: May 2023

With the increasing number of user terminals (UTs), the interference among UTs might significantly decrease the throughput of the low earth orbit satellite communication system. In this paper, the user scheduling method is investigated to suppress user interference. Specifically, leveraging the strong spatial directivity of satellite channels, a low‐complexity angle‐based orthogonal user selection (AOUS) algorithm is proposed, which selects UTs with nearly orthogonal channels via angle information of UTs. A rate‐based proportionally fair (PF)‐AOUS algorithm is further proposed to ensure fairness among UTs, which combines the AOUS with the PF criterion. To reduce complexity, an improved angle‐based PF‐AOUS algorithm that schedules UTs according to their pitch angles rather than their rates is proposed. In addition, efficient precoding schemes for orthogonal UTs are designed by combining the steering vector and power allocation matrix, and it is shown that precoding can be converted into power allocation problems that further balance fairness and throughput. The numerical results indicate that the AOUS achieves a near‐optimal sum rate performance, and the angle‐based PF‐AOUS has the similar performance to the rate‐based PF‐AOUS, which achieves a high fairness index with the proposed precoding scheme.
Hybrid pooling and channel attention‐based single‐shot detector for printed circuit board defect detection
Authors: Feng Bixian , Cai Jueping
Published: May 2023

Automatic defect detection is a key but challenging technology for managing printed circuit board (PCB) production quality. In recent years, deep neural networks (DNNs) have attracted considerable attention for PCB defect detection. However, due to the complexity, diversity, and small‐scale characteristics of defects, it remains a challenge. In this letter, a single‐shot detector (SSD)‐based defects detection method is proposed. This method treats the test and template image as a single image with two channels. In order to reduce the information loss caused by the traditional pooling methods, a new pooling method combining three types of pooling features is proposed. To further improve the detection performance, the channel attention (CA) mechanism is introduced into the detection network. Our proposed method achieves 99.64% mean average precision (mAP) on the DeepPCB dataset, which surpasses the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Two‐layer modelling of IEEE 802.11x channel occupancy
Authors: Bang Jae‐Seok , Han Jin‐Seok , Lee Yong‐Hwan
Published: May 2023

Low power IoT communication signals (e.g., Bluetooth and ZigBee) may seriously suffer from the presence of high‐power co‐channel interference like wireless local area network (WLAN) signal. They may effectively avoid WLAN interference by exploiting dynamic characteristics of WLAN traffic. Representing the arrival/departure of WLAN users using an M/M/m/m queueing structure, the characterization of large‐scale dynamics of WLAN channel occupancy is considered. The characterization of small‐scale dynamics of WLAN channel occupancy is also considered by generating WLAN signal using a two‐state semi‐Markovian process. Simulation results show that the proposed model generates WLAN signal having similar statistical characteristics to those of real WLAN signal.
FPGA based real‐time inference machine for A‐mode ultrasonic echo pattern recognition
Authors: Lee Young‐Chan , Um Ji‐Yong
Published: May 2023

This brief proposes a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based real‐time inference machine for A‐mode ultrasonic echo pattern recognition. The proposed scheme can aid a probe positioning of single‐transducer based ultrasound devices by detecting specific echo patterns on a scanline. The inference machine is based on a combination of a support vector machine and a finite state machine. The proposed inference machine utilizes a minimal pre‐processing for a feature extraction, considering a nature of distinctive echo patterns. In addition, a primary computation of linear support vector machine is performed sequentially, and the finite state machine for robust binary classification is relatively compact. As a result, the overall structure of the inference machine can be concisely implemented on FPGA. The proposed inference machine was assembled with a customized A‐mode ultrasound scanner. The maximum utilization percentage of look‐up‐tables in FPGA was less than 1.5%. In evaluation of inferences, the resultant sensitivity and the specificity were 96.2% and 99.87%, respectively.
Design of a reliable and coordinated protection strategy for zonal shipboard power systems
Authors: Mohammadzamani Mehdi , Sadeghkhani Iman , Moazzami Majid
Published: May 2023

The reliable performance of the shipboard power system (SPS) is essential for the safe and efficient operation of marine vessels. SPSs are subject to various types of electrical faults that can cause equipment failure, system downtime, and even catastrophic events. One effective way to provide redundancy and fault tolerance in the event of a fault or failure is through the use of zonal configuration. However, the protection of such systems is a challenging task due to their complex topology and the potential for multiple sources of fault. Therefore, it is imperative to protect the SPS with zonal configuration from various types of fault to ensure its continuous operation. This article presents a comprehensive coordinated protection strategy for a hybrid AC/DC SPS with the zonal configuration by using the available protective equipment. The proposed strategy consists of fault current limiting, grounding, fault detection, and faulty section isolation, and provides both primary and backup protections for all SPS equipment, including generator, busbar, line, input and output feeders, loads, propulsion motors, and DC system. Also, it does not require a comprehensive communication infrastructure and training dataset. The selective and reliable performance of the proposed protection strategy is verified through several case studies under various fault scenarios in the ETAP environment. The article provides valuable insights into the selection and implementation of appropriate protection measures for the SPS with ring configuration which are useful for the designers, operators, and maintenance personnel, improving the reliability and safety of these critical and autonomous systems.
A Mixed integer linear programming‐based distributed energy management for networked microgrids considering network operational objectives and constraints
Authors: Liu Guodong , Ferrari Maximiliano F. , Chen Yang
Published: May 2023

Mixed integer linear programming (MILP)–based distributed energy management for networked microgrids embedded modern distribution systems is proposed. Considering the diverse ownership of microgrids, distributed energy resources (DERs) that interface directly with utilities and responsive loads, an alternating direction method of multipliers–based distributed framework was formulated for the scheduling of networked microgrids embedded modern distribution systems by adjusting nodal price signals iteratively. In addition, to make the formulated optimization problems resolvable through more accessible and popular MILP solvers, different linearisation techniques were employed to transform the nonlinear terms into linear or mixed integer linear formats. The proposed MILP‐based distributed method preserves all participants' autonomy (e.g., microgrids, DERs that interface directly with utilities and responsive loads), while incentivising them to actively participate in the distribution system operation with price signals. The proposed method is validated with results of numerical simulation using a modern distribution system consisting of multiple networked microgrids, DERs that interface directly with utilities, as well as responsive loads.
A compound‐structured piezoelectret system and its applications in wearable health monitoring
Authors: Wang Shuting , Lin Shizhe , Cao Jianglang , Li Guanglin , Fang Peng
Published: May 2023

Piezoelectrets, also called ferroelectrets, can exhibit promising piezoelectric properties and have plenty of applications in wearable health monitoring. Usually, the cellular structure of piezoelectrets is of outstanding importance for their sensing properties, and structure improvement and optimisation would be a possible way to realise high‐performance piezoelectrets. The authors proposed a compound‐structured piezoelectret system, where a layer of polypropylene foam was sandwiched between two layers of solid polytetrafluoroethylene, resulting in a combination of a foam‐structured and a layer‐structured piezoelectrets. The compound systems are thin and flexible, they can exhibit stable electrical outputs, they have relatively broader linear working range under pressure, and promising mechanical sustainability for multiple testing. The results reveal that the compound system can be considered as a simple addition of both components, and each component contributes linearly and independently to the whole system. The application potential of this proposed compound system has been demonstrated by sleep monitoring together with carotid and radial pulse recordings, where many useful physiological information including breath, heartbeat, and pulse details can be extracted from the signals acquired by the compound system. A type of flexible sensor system that is very competitive for future portable and wearable applications may be provided.
Quantum for 6G communication: A perspective
Authors: Ali Muhammad Zulfiqar , Abohmra Abdoalbaset , Usman Muhammad , Zahid Adnan , Heidari Hadi , Imran Muhammad Ali , Abbasi Qammer H.
Published: May 2023

In the technologically changing world, the demand for ultra‐reliable, faster, low power, and secure communication has significantly risen in recent years. Researchers have shown immense interest in emerging quantum computing (QC) due to its potentials of solving the computing complexity in the robust and efficient manner. It is envisioned that QC can act as critical enablers and strong catalysts to considerably reduce the computing complexities and boost the future of sixth generation (6G) and beyond communication systems in terms of their security. In this study, the fundamentals of QC, the evolution of quantum communication that encompasses a wide spectrum of technologies and applications and quantum key distribution, which is one of the most promising applications of quantum security, have been presented. Furthermore, various parameters and important techniques are also investigated to optimise the performance of 6G communication in terms of their security, computing, and communication efficiency. Towards the end, potential challenges that QC and quantum communication may face in 6G have been highlighted along with future directions.
Kinetics of contact ultrasonic drying of thick woolen fabric
Authors: Kosheleva Maria , Shalunov Andrey , Dornyak Olga , Isaev Maksim , Terentiev Sergey
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to an experimental research of the effectiveness of continuous contact ultrasonic drying of dense woolen fabrics. For drying, an experimental stand was created in the form of a small-sized continuous-action drying machine. In the process, the dried fabric is rewound from reel to reel, through the zone of ultrasonic (150 W) and thermal (at temperatures of 50 °C and 80 °C) exposure. It has been established that ultrasonic action (together with thermal) provides a reduction in drying time from 18% to 28%. Moreover, at a lower temperature, the contribution of ultrasonic vibrations to the reduction of drying time is higher. The drying schedules were approximated by a formula expressing the dependence of the moisture content of the material on temperature and the presence of ultrasonic exposure. The resulting approximation formula can be used to analyze the curves of convective drying of dense woolen fabrics, taking into account the temperature of the drying agent and the presence of ultrasonic exposure, including predicting the duration of such types of drying.
Method of complex glass relief surfaces mechanical grinding
Authors: Zhukova Lyubov , Kozitsyn Ivan
Published: May 2023

Presented research is devoted to solving the problem of treatment complex glass relief surfaces by mechanical vibration grinding. The dependences of the obtained grinding results on the type of relief surface, grain size and vibration parameters are investigated. Results: Mathematical dependences of the change in the light transmission of the ground glass on the type of the ground glass surface pattern, grain size and vibration parameters are obtained.
A simple way to solve boundary value problems in technological processes
Authors: Dalabaev Umurdin , Rasulov Abdujabbar , Umarova Shoira
Published: May 2023

The paper proposes a simple approximate method for solving differential equations for boundary value problems. A method is proposed for averaging differential equations over a moving volume, which allows obtaining approximate analytical solutions of differential equations. The control volume is the only one in the considered area of the boundary value problem. In this case, the control volume is considered to be moved in the area under consideration. Based on the averaging of boundary value problems over the volume being moved, an algebraic equation is obtained. When averaging over one of the variables (in the case of a two-dimensional problem), ordinary differential equations are obtained. Examples are given.
Application of the Kimmel method for two-layer matrix color separation systems
Authors: Zhbanova Vera
Published: May 2023

In this work, interpolation by the Kimmel method is applied for the developed color separation systems based on matrix photodetectors. Author's two-layer receivers with an equal distribution of layers of the visible and infrared spectra over the sensitive surface are given. To compare the interpolation result, it was proposed to use a matrix photodetector with a modified standard RGBG system on RGBIr. This system shows what a multispectral receiver would be like without the use of multilayer silicon technologies. Thus, it was possible to show that the use of two-layer color separation systems simplifies the interpolation algorithm by a factor of two. The developed systems can be useful in various fields of science and technology. The use of such multispectral matrices is necessary especially in agriculture and forestry for monitoring the environment and detecting fire.
Phase composition and phase equilibrium diagrams as the Evidence of the Colloidal State of melts
Authors: Pankov Vladimir
Published: May 2023

One of the most extensively studied silicate systems with complete miscibility in the solid and liquid state – albite (Ab)-anorthite (An) system – has been analyzed in detail. It has been established that the commonly accepted system and interpretation rules for these diagrams do not match their graphic representation. Calculations have proved the colloidal state of the “solid” phase on the solidus. Actual data support the colloidal (liquid) state of the solidus phase below the solidus and eutectic point. Crystallization in multicomponent systems, at least in silicate melts, has been shown to be based on the sol coagulation mechanism. Thus, silicate solid phases, even those of fixed composition, have no particular melting point. They consolidate and melt within a temperature band. The bandwidth is subject to the system composition that predetermines the micelle structure and directly affects coagulation and peptization processes.
Extraction of “Elicitor” and determination of volatile organic substances contained in the elicitor
Authors: Sobirova Mukaddas , Muradova Sayyora , Khojanazarova Mutabar , Kiryigitov Khurshid
Published: May 2023

In the 21st century, the increased farming activities have harmed both ecosystems and agricultural systems on Earth. This is because of the misuse of mineral fertilizers and toxic plant protection products. To obtain the “elicitor” extract, rhizobacteria were grown in a thermostat for 3 days and then subjected to autoclaving at a temperature of 120°C and 1 atm. for 20 minutes. Azospirillum, Azotobacter, and Pseudomonas are the three most significant growth-promoting bacteria. These organisms influence plant growth regulators, including auxin, gibberellin, and cytokines, in addition to biological nitrogen fixation and soil phosphate solubilization. The research mentions that Azotobacteria create antifungal substances that fight against plant infections, boost seedling viability and germination, and, as a consequence, enhance plant development in general. The result presented that the fifth peak at 10.525 minutes showed the presence of 4(dimethylamino)-α-(P-toluidine) benzylphosphine oxide at 16.0%. The sixth peak at 10.728 minutes contained 19.48% of quinoline-3-carbonitrile, 4-methyl-2-dimethylaminomethylamino, while the seventh peak at 11.177 minutes contained 41.8% of ethanediol % 2 C+bis(phenylhydrazone).
Recovery algorithm of electrical conductance distribution in the volume of the object of research in electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Aleksanyan Grayr , Gorbatenko Nikolay , Grechikhin Valery , Kucher Artem , Nguyen Manh Cuong
Published: May 2023

An efficient, rigorously substantiated algorithm for solving electrical impedance tomography problems is proposed and tested. The features of the algorithm are the use of a methodology based on solving conditionally correct inverse problems and the presence of a search stage for the optimal current configuration that provides the maximum sensitivity of the problem functionals to the desired parameters, which allows to speed up the iterative process and improve the accuracy of the problem solution. The algorithm can be used in medicine and industry to solve diagnostic problems.
Algorithm for calculating the criterion for the temperature-dynamic characteristics of the cooling system of tractor and car engines
Authors: Umirov N. , Abdurokhmonov Sh.
Published: May 2023

The article provides information on the temperature-dynamic qualities of the cooling system for tractor and car engines. A parameter that determines the efficiency of the cooling system. Definitions of the criterion of temperature-dynamic characteristics. Calculation algorithm for determining the initial temperature difference. The results of the calculated and experimental data of the temperature-dynamic characteristics of the cooling system of the UAZ-469 car and the TTZ-80 tractor.
Modeling of saturated steam selection methods at various medium pressures
Authors: Yegoshina O.V. , Lukutina S.K. , Grigoriev M.D. , Ivanova A.O.
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of modeling methods for selecting saturated steam at different pressures in low, medium, and high-pressure boilers. The aim of the research is to identify the cause of a violation of the representativeness of the sample by modeling the selection of saturated steam by three selection structures at different pressures. The main requirements for sampling devices are considered, including: optimization of the design of the device for sampling saturated steam, observance of isokinetic sampling, and minimization of abrupt changes in pressure and temperature of the sample taken. It is noted that the design of the sampling device should minimize the amount of stagnant zones in the sampling device and promote the maintenance of flow velocity in the sampling device. The importance of maintaining equal flow velocities in the pipeline and the sampling device is shown to be important when sampling saturated steam to avoid two-phase fluid stratification and steam condensation. It is revealed that the prevention of changes in the pressure and temperature of the saturated vapor sample in sampling devices leads to the provision of constant concentrations of impurities in the vapor. The results of simulation of saturated steam flow sampling in a low-pressure boiler using a single-strip sampling device, in a high-pressure boiler using a outlet probe and in a medium-pressure boiler - without a sampling device are presented. The modeling results showed non-compliance with the equality of flow velocities in all three sampling devices at different pressures, and the formation of a film on the surface of all three sampling devices. The need to comply with the main requirements for sampling saturated steam to ensure the representativeness of the sample by maintaining isokinetic flow, minimizing stagnant zones, and avoiding changes in pressure during sampling is confirmed.
Automating log analysis for industrial equipment maintenance using elastic stack
Authors: Nezhmetdinov Ramil , Kotyrova Shirin , Nezhmetdinova Ramilya , Kovalev Ilya
Published: May 2023

Contemporary technological equipment generates a substantial amount of data that can provide insights into system performance and help predict failures and critical errors. However, manual analysis of this data is time-consuming, and hence there is a need for automated tools to collect, process, and store log files. In this context, the study aims to develop an information system that can streamline log file analysis using ELK software solutions from the IT industry. The article explores the structure and components of ELK software and develops a software solution's structural diagram and architecture for practical use. Based on the conducted research, a software solution was implemented, and log data provided by the NASA Ames Research Center was analyzed and visualized through graphs and histograms. The study's novelty lies in using the ELK software stack for log file analysis of technological equipment, which is a widely used solution in the IT industry. The proposed system aims to reduce log file analysis time and help make informed decisions about system performance and maintenance.
Mechano-structural characteristics of Cu72Au24Ag4 alloy subjected to severe plastic deformation combined with subsequent heat treatment
Authors: Gokhfeld N. V. , Okulov A. V. , Iusupova O. S. , Pushin V. G. , Pilyugin V. P.
Published: May 2023

Mechano-structural characteristics of the synthesized Cu72Au24Ag4 and commercial Cu59Au33Ag7Fe1 alloys subjected to preliminary severe plastic deformations (SPDs) by high-pressure torsion combined with subsequent annealings at different temperatures and holding times were studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as durometry. Due to SPDs, it was possible to refine the structure of the investigated alloys to submicro- and nanostructural state. As a result of certain annealing regimes, the atomic ordering processes began to occur in the alloys. The microstructural features and mechanical properties after preliminary SPDs and subsequent annealings were compared for the studied alloys. Influence of the deformation degree and subsequent annealing regimes on the kinetics of atomic ordering and changes in mechanical properties was shown. In addition, it was found the inhibition effect of the nanograin growth due to the barrier action of dispersed precipitates.
Heat treatment effect of 65G and 60C2A steels on strength characteristics of the hydrodynamic oscillator built-in drill head
Authors: Petrov Andrey , Scherbakov Alexander
Published: May 2023

The ways of improving the physical and mechanical properties of the components of a hydromonitor drill head with an integrated generator of hydrodynamic oscillations are reviewed. On the basis of the results of this consideration, an improvement of the working body of the HDD technique is proposed. On the example of 60S2A and 65G steels, the influence of different modes of heat treatment of the improved drilling head on the ultimate strength, relative lengthening, and surface hardness of the detail petal, which is the basic loaded element of the generator of hydrodynamic vibrations, is examined. The analysis of physical and mechanical properties has shown a significant increase of parameters influencing the increase of rigidity properties of the investigated hydrodynamic oscillator part, which allows us to make a conclusion about the effectiveness of its application for the increase of drill bit operational life. An experimental and analytical method was carried out to describe the increase of physical-mechanical properties of the part - petal, which is the main loaded element of the generator of hydrodynamic oscillations. Increase of durability of rock destruction tool for pilot hole laying by increasing of physical-mechanical properties of used material for individual parts of hydrodynamic oscillator.
Technological sovereignty in the Era of energy transition and implementation of ESG principles in regional industrial agenda
Authors: Dovbiy Irina , Egorova Alexandra , Danilov Ilia
Published: May 2023

The world economy has entered an era of profound transformations associated with the fourth energy transition. The technological development of states should not only ensure technological sovereignty, but also comply with ESG standards. The purpose of article: based on the analysis of foreign and domestic scientific approaches to content of “technological sovereignty”, to formulate the author's definition, as well as to identify some concepts of investment industrial policy that meets the principles of ESG. Based on the study of patent activity in Russia, it is concluded that there is a critical “compression” of innovation activity, which, in the conditions of unprecedented sanctions, threatens national sovereignty and actualizes the task of forming a new model of economy. A number of positions are reasoned and proposed, which it is advisable to include in the new Concept of technological development of Russia for the coming years. The concepts of the regional technological agenda aimed at enhancing innovation activity and particularly relevant for traditionally “old-industrial” regions in the context of the transition to a new technological order are identified. It is argued that the technological development of industry should be based on a solid institutional foundation, in which ESG principles should be implemented.
Portland cement with puzzolan additive with increased strength properties
Authors: Mazmanyan Smbat , Baghdagyulyan Armine , Sargsyan Tamara , Papyan Gayane
Published: May 2023

The following work refers to the issues of increasing the strength of portland cement with pozzolanic additive due to some multifunctional additive. Currently, it is the multifactorial additives for ready-mixed concrete that are in demand, which differ from others in their multicomponent composition. In this respect, lithoid pumice, which is a new type of aluminosilicate raw material for the cement industry, can make worthy competition.
On the similarity of electromagnetic and gravitational fields
Authors: Kanareykin Aleksandr
Published: May 2023

It is well known that gravitational quantities are in many ways similar to electromagnetic quantities. The masses that create a gravitational field are similar in this to electric charges. A gravitational static field, like an electrostatic field, is characterized by potential and intensity. Vortex and rotational movements of masses are often and quite justifiably compared with a magnetic field. According to existing concepts, there are four types of different fundamental physical interactions: strong, weak, electromagnetic and gravitational. Strong and weak interactions are manifested inside atomic nuclei and between elementary particles, electromagnetic – between charges, and gravitational acts between massive bodies, becoming the main one in the case of astronomical objects. The article presents a comparison of mechanical and gravitational quantities from the condition of their similarity to electromagnetic quantities. Visual systemically possible patterns involving field gravitational quantities similar to electromagnetic ones are given.
Measurement of pollutant concentration in the model solution
Authors: Dyagelev Mikhail
Published: May 2023

This work presents the results of the work on the determination of a pollutant in a model solution, the antibiotic cefotaxime, using the spectrophotometric method. In several series of experiments, the minimum concentrations of cefotaxime in model solutions that can be detected with a spectrophotometer PE-5400 UV were established; a feature of cefotaxime was revealed - the increase of the optical density peak in the samples when the pH is shifted to an acidic environment, especially at pH values from 0.2 to 2.0. The obtained values of optical density and absorption spectra of the model solution of cefotaxime can be used when a technique for the detection of antibiotics in various media, including urban wastewater.
Controlling a combined polymer fuel cell and directional battery system maintaining efficiency at the optimum point
Authors: Kozhubaev Yuriy , Ovchinnikova Elena , Krotova Svetlana , Ilin Aleksei , Sabbgan Aref
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a hybrid polymer fuel cell system with a lead-acid battery has been explored, so that the battery is designed to support the fuel cell system in providing the power needed for the load as well as storing additional energy. The battery is used to maintain the efficiency of the SOC battery. From a constant power strategy for a fuel cell and managing the fuel at the optimum operating point, to reducing the voltage load on the battery and reducing the instantaneous current load on the fuel cell in use. The general configuration of the hybrid system includes a polymer fuel cell followed by a boost converter, as well as a lead-acid battery pack, after which a bidirectional converter to control the power of the battery in charge and discharge mode. It's in the system. According to the simulation, it has been observed that the power contribution between the fuel cell and the battery is well suited to load changes, and the fuel cell always produces a constant power to charge the battery and power the load. It is protected from any kind of load fluctuation and interference.
Yielding capacity of pyrogenic communities in Central Kazakhstan
Authors: Lednev Sergey , Sharapova Anna , Semenkov Ivan , Koroleva Tatyana
Published: May 2023

Fires in the ecosystems of Central Kazakhstan trigger a pyrogenic succession for 1-2 decades as usual. In recent years, changes of climate and land use in region have led to the intensification of fires and the gradual steppification of the territory, where desert vegetation was previously successfully restored. We analyzed the change in aboveground phytomass stocks during 40 years of pyrogenic succession. In the zonal communities, the phytomass reaches the background values in eight years after the fire and does not change later. For intrazonal communities in river valleys and gullies, aboveground phytomass stocks at the 4th and 16th years of succession do not differ significantly, and the structure of phytomass fractions by the 16th year resembles background zonal communities. This can be associated with a more intense grazing on the intrazonal communities in river valleys and gullies in the studied region.
Numerical study of particles removal from dusty gas in separation device with straight arc-shaped elements
Authors: Salakhova Elmira , Zinurov Vadim , Kharkov Vitaly , Abdullina Azalia , Pham The Vu
Published: May 2023

The paper presents an original design of the separator with straight rows of arc-shaped elements, which allows efficient separation of solid particles without significant abrasive wear of the device’s surfaces. A three-dimensional model of the device is developed, and the principle of its operation is described. In this paper, a numerical study of the capture of solid particles from a gas flow in the separation device is performed. It is found that at a relatively low inlet gas velocity (1 m/s), the separation efficiency of particles with a diameter of 20 to 100 μm is on average 78.9%. An increase in the inlet velocity of the dusty gas flow results in a decrease in the efficiency of the device for particles ranging in size from 25 to 80 μm. The pressure drop of the separator at a velocity of 1 m/s ranges from 45.5 to 95.4 Pa, and at a gas velocity of 4 and 7 m/s – from 740.8 to 4652.1 Pa. An increase in the number of straight arc-shaped elements from 4 to 12 and an increase in particle density from 3400 to 10000 kg/m3 leads to improved separation efficiency.
Ductile iron with nodular and compact graphite as a rational alternative to malleable cast iron
Authors: Boldyrev Denis , Nefed’ev Sergey , Amirov Ruslan , Koldin Alexandr
Published: May 2023

There is a need for cast irons with a combined combination of properties in modern conditions. Such properties can be provided by ductile cast iron with nodular and vermicular graphite, which is essentially a hybrid cast iron in terms of microstructure. The article found that ductile iron with nodular and vermicular graphite in terms of its mechanical properties is a rational alternative to malleable cast iron, namely the grade KCh45-6 (GOST 1215-79). Also, the ratio of nodular/vermicular graphite (70…95/5…30%) was determined, which provides the data of mechanical characteristics. Differences in pearlite/ferrite ratio and hardness for ductile iron with nodular and vermicular graphite and ductile iron are shown, providing grade KCh45-6.
Application of additive technologies for master model creating at porcelain ware production
Authors: Kolyada Ekaterina , Grudinina Anna
Published: May 2023

The article considers the prospects of application of additive technologies in porcelain production by the example of creating a master model of a porcelain coffee pot. The results of printing a master model of the product obtained using a 3D printer with FDM printing technology are analyzed. The possible defects of 3D-printing that may occur during modelling and printing of models with complex configuration and fine plasticity are considered.
Primary production and destruction of organic matter in Lake Arakhley (Eastern Transbaikalia, Russia)
Authors: Tsybekmitova Gazhit
Published: May 2023

Global climate changes affect water ecosystems. Long-term observations of climatic variables are indicative of cyclic climate changes. The fluctuations result in changes in water levels in lakes, which, in turn, alter primary production processes. Planktonic algae are the main drivers of primary production. This research continues long-term studies on hydroecology of Lake Arakhley. The lake is used for fishery and recreation. This work aims to estimate production and destruction processes in Lake Arakhley during the current transitional period between dry and wet years. To this end, we performed field studies on Lake Arakhley in August from 2016 to 2021, during the season of maximum precipitation, in the central and littoral zones of the lake. Primary production of phytoplankton in water was estimated by the oxygen light and dark bottle method. Sampling was carried out to assess physical and chemical parameters of water using a multiparameter water quality instrument. Lake Arakhley features the low level of mineralization under alkali conditions and relatively stable level of mineralization registered from 2016 to 2021. Macrophytes zone expanded after the massive flooding of the shore in 2021 hence alterating the values of such environmental factors as oxygen levels, total and mineral phosphorus, with destruction prevailing over organic matter production. Depth and transparency however contribute to significant production of organic matter in the lake. The findings can be used as the groundwork for the sustainable management of the lake.
Reproductive features of PRRS-convalescent large white pigs after porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
Authors: Fedotov Sergey , Muradyan Zhora , Lebedev Nikita , Koryazova Margarita
Published: May 2023

Most sows convalescent from porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are immune to the re-infection. The PRRS virus's antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can persist for a year. The PRRS virus (PRRSV) causes damage to the pigs' reproductive system, manifested by abortions, delivery of non-viable piglets and saws' infertility. We carried out morphometric studies of recovered pregnant pigs' reproductive organs to determine changes in the fetus and placenta system in pregnant PRRS-convalescent sows. Morphological studies of the fetal portion of the placenta indicate that the weight of the placenta in PRRS-convalescent sows was significantly lower as compared to the weight of the placenta in clinically healthy pregnant sows, 0.71 ± 0.05 kg versus 0.92 ± 0.09 kg at the end of the second trimester, and 1.61 ± 0.42 versus 1.75 ± 0.16 kg on day 105-110 of gestation. By day 70-75 of gestation, we observed a significant 31.8%-decrease in the fetus's body weight in seropositive pigs compared to the clinically healthy ones and 19.2%-decrease on days 105-110. Piglets born from the experimental sows demonstrated physiological abnormalities that allowed for hypotrophy diagnosis. ELISA-tests of sera for anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) proved the possibility of early assessment of gilts' fertility. This method will enable the premature culling of low-yielding replacement gilts from the breeding stock. Further development of the methods for gilts' fertility determination and ELISA-testing for AMH during the mandatory gynecological screening of the gilts at the pig breeding establishments are economically practical and effective.
Challenges in implementing the rural revitalization strategy (Chinese example)
Authors: Li Yiru , Fedosenko Anna , Murzin Anton
Published: May 2023

Now we are entering a new era, and the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers has entered a new period of historical development. The rural revitalization strategy was for the first time taken as an important strategy for building a modern country. However, the rural vitalization strategy is a systematic project and a long-term task. The implementation of the rural vitalization strategy should be based on the actual situation of the countryside. At present, the main problems in rural areas are the difficulties and challenges in the process of implementing the rural revitalization strategy. The study is based on the experience of rural revitalization in China. The authors considered the problems and challenges of industrial development in relation to the environmental needs of sustainable development, environmental pollution, excessive anthropogenic pressures, and the formation of a culture of resource use. As a result of the study, the thesis is substantiated that it is necessary to further implement the rural revitalization strategy, the continuous implementation of policies favourable to agriculture, the constant improvement of relevant laws, the constant investment of funds and the constant return of talents, then and only then the industrial environment, habitat, ecological and cultural environment will be improved.
Physico-chemical properties of calendula flower extract in bitter almond oil elemental composition and microbiological purity
Authors: Khamidov O.J. , Vapayev H.M. , Nazarov S.I. , Boltaeva Sh. , Ganiyev B.Sh.
Published: May 2023

The study used bitter almonds (Amygdalus communis L. Varietas amara D.C.) obtained by cold pressing medicinal nails grown in Navoi region using oil (Calendula officinalis L.) - with the participation of flowers, the extraction process was carried out by maceration (in a ratio of 1:10). The resulting oil extract was studied by its elemental composition, chromatographic analysis of its fatty acids, microbiological purity, chemical and physical constants.
Methodological approaches to the evaluation of innovative projects in the agribusiness
Authors: Marinchenko Tatiana
Published: May 2023

The main goal of the development of the Russian agribusiness at the present stage is to ensure the competitiveness of products, which, in the context of the rapid development of technology, can be ensured by the modernization of agricultural production based on the latest scientific achievements. At the same time, global and national priorities are changing, and the need to align business processes with the principles of sustainable development is becoming more acute. These processes lead to the need to develop methods for evaluating innovative projects, taking into account these changes. To solve specific problems and achieve development goals in Russia, project management is used, in which projects are selected and financed within the framework of state programs. When evaluating projects in the Russian agribusiness, the expert and scoring evaluation method is mainly used. The methods of selection of innovative projects used in the world practice are studied. New criteria for evaluating innovative projects have been proposed.
Ceramic products based on modified agricultural waste
Authors: Zhukov Aleksej , Ushakov Andrej , Rasulov Olimdzhon , Mihailik Ekaterina
Published: May 2023

The current production status of building ceramics is based on the following realities. First, due to market conditions, the number of ceramics factories in operation has decreased significantly. Second, from 2019, taking into account the pace of housing construction related to the transition to new financing mechanisms, the production of ceramic bricks increased by 2-3% from 2019. Growth opportunities are associated with an increase in the thermal efficiency of ceramic products and masonry based on them. The aim of the research described in the article was the development of compositions for wall heat-efficient ceramics on the basis of loess-like low-quality clay using rice straw as a burnout additive and in particular to determine the optimal consumption of processed rice straw. The scientific novelty of the research consisted in the development of methods for selecting the composition of ceramic mixtures, optimizing their composition and demonstrating the influence of rice straw and rice straw ash on the properties of ceramic mixtures and the properties of products. Rice straw. 5–15% by weight of lint rice straw, which is incorporated into clay masses at the stage of their production and burns at a temperature of 200–300 ° C, burns out the mass and makes it porous, prevents shrinkage phenomena and ash contains up to 20% amorphous silica. Carbonates contained in clay dissociate during firing, interacting with amorphous silicon dioxide and forming various calcium silicates that strengthen the structure of the chip industry.
Niches in the market potential of poultry meat
Authors: Roiter Lia , Vedenkina Irina , Roiter Yakov , Akopyan Amayak , Eremeeva Nadezhda
Published: May 2023

Poultry meat production has shown growth over the past 10 years. Russia is ranked 4th in the world for this indicator. The study was conducted using general scientific and statistical-economic research methods. The results of the study of the market potential of poultry meat indicate the existence of opportunities to expand this target segment. Broiler meat has been established to have a significant share in the structure of poultry meat balance and that meat from alternative poultry species is a niche. There are unfilled niches in the assortment portfolio as well. The market potential of poultry meat was also analysed by region, based on the criterion of the level of self-sufficiency in this type of product. A decrease in imports and an increase in exports can be observed in relation to export-import operations. At the same time, it is necessary to continue increasing the export potential both through permanent importers of poultry meat and processed poultry products and through its geographical expansion. Thus, the results of poultry meat market potential analysis have identified relevant niches, namely increasing the volume of meat production from alternative species of agricultural poultry, increasing the self-sufficiency of poultry meat in some regions of the country, ensuring per capita poultry meat consumption based on global trends, diversification of the product portfolio based on deep poultry meat processing, increase in functional and organic poultry meat products, increasing the volume of poultry meat export Based on these results, a scheme for expanding the market potential of poultry meat is proposed and its forecast for 2030 is given.
Rice screenings as effective ingredients in beauty products
Authors: Tarasov Vasiliy , Beldieva Natalya
Published: May 2023

Secondary rice products represent a source of effective ingredients for the cosmetics industry. Environmentally friendly and biodegradable products are among the promising trends of the present time. They do not pollute the environment and create a closed cycle in raw material production. Rice screenings and germs are a source of valuable bioactive substances. The products are currently being recycled, due to the lack of economically viable technology for recycling secondary rice products. The paper presents the technology for the processing of secondary rice products by solvent extraction with hexane and carbon dioxide. The extraction was carried out on a laboratory unit, after which the component composition of the extracts was determined by thin-layer chromatography. The main components of СО2 extract are phospholipids, sterols, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, tocopherols, carotenoids, and waxes. Processing of the extraction oil and СО2 extract will make it possible to isolate the waxes. Rice waxes are currently the quality plant-based analogue of synthetic texturizers. A plant-based wax that can be effectively used in both decorative and skincare formulations, as it has a range of skin-soothing substances and can absorb UV-A and UV-B rays. Rice screenings could become an alternative to silica in alginate wrap preparations of the SPA industry. Rice recycling technology will produce valuable raw materials for cosmetic products: vegetable waxes, rice bran oil, and rice flour. These products are effective raw components for the cosmetics industry and their use will reduce the cost of the finished cosmetic product and expand the base of domestic raw materials.
Fishing industry in the Irkutsk Region: resource potential, development, current situation
Authors: Sukhodolov Alexander , Anoshko Pavel , Sukhodolov Yakov , Kolesnikova Alina
Published: May 2023

The major natural reserves of inland water resources in the Russian Federation have high fishing value and allow large-scale fishing activities. One of the regions where these water resources are localized is the Irkutsk Region. Within its borders there are parts of the largest Baikal-Angarsk and Verkhnelensk water basins with a very developed river network, with reservoirs and lakes, where dozens of fish species live in natural conditions, including those of industrial importance. This article provides a brief overview of the structure and reserves of the water resources, their distribution over the territory of the Irkutsk Region. The main fishing areas are specified and the assessment regarding their fishing potential and commercial stocks is made. An overview of the fishing potential of the Irkutsk water area of Lake Baikal and large reservoirs of the Angara cascade of hydroelectric power plants is given. The history of the development of fishing industry in the region is demonstrated. The article concludes that in the water bodies of the region there are stocks of commercial fish species, which are currently poorly developed or almost not used (being practically untouched in natural conditions). The poor development is due to both natural and climatic and economic and geographical reasons.