bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Zeolite X From Waste Basalt Powder And Its Efficient Adsorption of Uranyl Ions In Solution
Authors: Ai Yong , Yin Na , Ouyang Yanquan , Xu Yuanxin , Yang Pengfei
Published: June 2021

In order to make full use of waste as raw materials to prepare low-cost zeolite, develop green chemical industry and achieve the purpose of treating waste with waste. High-purity zeolite X was prepared by the alkaline fusion hydrothermal method (AFH) using waste basalt powder as raw material, and was used as an adsorbent to investigate the adsorption performance for uranium-containing wastewater. The structure, morphology, specific surface area, chemical composition, chemical bonds, characteristic functional groups and chemical states of surface elements of the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, EDS, FT-IR and XPS. zeolite X with high crystallinity and rich hydroxyl/carboxyl groups was successfully synthesized by the AFH method, and its specific surface area was as high as 623.4 m2·g-1. When the adsorption time (t) is 720 min, the adsorption temperature (T) is 30 ℃, the initial uranium (VI) concentration is (C0) 35 mg/L, pH is 6.0, and the adsorbent dosage (m) is 5/35 mg/mL, the equilibriu adsorption capacity of zeolite X for uranyl ions is 228.4 mg·g-1. Thermodynamic results show that the adsorption process of uranyl ions by zeolite X is spontaneous and exothermic. Freundlich isotherms and quasi-second-order models are suitable to describe the adsorption process of uranyl ions by zeolite X. XPS analysis results show that -OH and -COOH play an important role in the adsorption process. At the same time, there is ion exchange between UO22+ and zeolite during the adsorption process.
Oil Spills in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria: Environmental Fate of Toxic Volatile Organics.
Authors: Sanchez Deinkuro Nimisngha , Knapp Charles W. , Olalekan Raimi Morufu , Nanalok Nimlang Henry
Published: June 2021

Background: Over the years, the issue of environmental degradation of ecological resources from crude oil pollution and its human health impacts is receiving more global attention. The utilization of environmental models capable of predicting the fate, transport and toxicity of chemicals in spilled crude oil can provide essential knowledge required to deal with the complexity associated with the fate of volatile petroleum chemicals in the environment. Objective: This paper explores environmental fate of toxic volatile organics from oil spill in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria.Methods: A critical analysis of available literatures/data from PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Jstor, including expert working group reports and environmental modeling using a screening tool (USEPA EPI Suite™) was carried out to determine the environmental partitioning of Benzene, Toluene and Naphthalene (BTN) respectively. The organic-carbon partitioning coefficient (Koc) was computed as a function of soil-water distribution coefficient (Kd) and percentage organic matter (%OM). This was utilized to determine the distribution of BTN in the environment and the possible risk posed on delicate ecological resources from crude oil pollution due to exploration and production activities within the Niger Delta Region (NDR), Nigeria. Results: Results from literature implicated sabotage and operational failures from pipelines as primary causes of crude oil spillages. Generation of a fugacity model using EPI Suite™ revealed that the behavior of BTN is greatly influenced by Koc values. The default Molecular Connectivity Index (MCI) showed that benzene and toluene will partition more into the water compartment while naphthalene will partition into the soil compartment. However, user-entered values showed all three chemicals partitioning more into the soil compartment. Aquatic toxicology estimation using Ecological Structural Activity Relationship (ECOSAR) revealed all chemicals not to be toxic even at over-estimated Koc values. Conclusion: This research established the usefulness of screening level environmental modelling tools in assessing environmental risk and hence helpful in developing site-specific models for monitoring chemicals in the environment which can assist governments, policy makers and industries in the design of appropriate regional disaster management plans.
Effect of Home-Based Aerobic Training and Vitamin D Supplementation on Fatigue and Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis During COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Bahmani Elahe , Hoseini Rastegar , Amiri Ehsan
Published: June 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS)is the most common neurological disease that causes disability in the nervous system which reduces the quality of life(QoL). Studies have shown positive effects of therapeutic exercise with supplementation on motor- and cognitive functionandfatigue as well as on QoLin persons with MS. The purpose of this study was to the effect of home-based aerobic training (AT) and vitamin D(Vit D) supplementation on fatigue and QoL in patients with MS during the covid-19 outbreak. Methods: We recruited 40 females (20 - 40 years) with MS(EDSS: 3-5). Then, using simple randomization, the subjects were assigned to four groups including aerobic training (AT; n=9; 50%-75%, 20-40 min/day, 3 days/wk aerobic training), vitamin D supplementation (Vit D; n=9; 50,000 IU one day/week), aerobic training plus vitamin D supplementation (AT + Vit D; n=10), and sedentary control (C; n=10 placebo). The data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test with SPSS21 at a significance level of P < 0.05.Results: After eight weeks of intervention, fatigue grade markedly reduced in the AT + Vit D, AT, and Vit D groups); However, fatigue increased in the control group. QoLincreased significantly in AT+Vit D, AT, and Vit D compared to C. Also, the results show that the AT+Vit D had significantly higherQoL compared to AT and Vit D. Conclusion:These findings suggest that therapeutic AT and VitD supplementation is very effective in reducing fatigue and consequently improves the QoLin female MS patients.
Cardiac autonomic modulation and anti-TPO antibodies in Subclinical Hypothyroidism – Does any correlation exit?
Authors: Mavai Manisha , Bhandari Bharti , Singhal Anish , Mathur Sandeep K , Gupta R C
Published: June 2021

Background

Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the balance of activities of sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. Anti-thyroid antibodies have long been associated with thyroid dysfunction and influence thyroid profile testing, the most common being anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO) and anti-Thyroglobulin antibodies. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCHypo) is characterized by elevated TSH with normal thyroid hormones.We hypothesized that autonomic function may be deranged in anti-TPO positive sub-clinical hypothyroid cases even before the onset of overt hypothyroidism.
Objectives

To investigate the association between anti-TPO antibodies (anti-TPOAb) positive SCHypo and sympathovagal imbalance (SVI).
Methodology:

The study was conducted on age and BMI matched subclinical hypothyroid patients (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 20). Cardiac autonomic activity was assessed by short term HRV in the time (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) and frequency domain (LFms2, HFms2, LFnu, HFnu, TP and LF/HF ratio). Nonlinear geometric measures (SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2, TINN, HRV triangular index) were also evaluated. Biochemical evaluation of serum thyroid profile, anti-TPOAb was done in all the subjects.
Results

Decreased HRV was observed in anti-TPOAb positive group when compared to negative and control groups. Significant positive correlation of anti-TPOAb with TSH, LF nu, LF/HF and negative correlation with SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, SD1, SD1/SD2, HFnu and TP of HRV was observed.
Conclusion

Anti-TPOAb positive SCHypo group exhibited modifications in HRV characterized by decreased parasympathetic modulation, as compared to controls. The findings were also suggestive of increased risk of autonomic dysfunction in TPOAb- positive patients than negative. Anti-TPO antibody was significantly correlated with TSH and SVI in SCHypo patients.
Integrating Scalable Genome Sequencing into Microbiology Laboratories for Routine AMR Surveillance
Authors: Kekre Mihir , Arevalo Stefany Alejandra , Valencia María Fernanda , Lagrada Marietta L. , Macaranas Polle Krystle V. , Olorosa Agnettah M. , Nagaraj Geetha , Oaikhena Anderson O. , Aanensen David M.
Published: June 2021

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a global threat, and novel drug discovery needs to be complemented with systematic and standardized epidemiological surveillance. Surveillance data are currently generated using phenotypic characterization. However, due to poor scalability, this approach does little for true epidemiological investigations. There is a strong case for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to enhance the phenotypic data. To establish global AMR surveillance using WGS, we developed a laboratory implementation approach that we applied within the NIHR Global Health Research Unit (GHRU) on Genomic Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance. In this paper, we outline the laboratory implementation at four units, in Colombia, India, Nigeria, and the Philippines. The journey to embedding WGS capacity was split into four phases: Assessment, Assembly, Optimization, and Reassessment. We show that onboarding WGS capabilities can greatly enhance the real-time processing power within regional and national AMR surveillance initiatives, despite the high initial investment in laboratory infrastructure and maintenance. Countries looking to introduce WGS as a surveillance tool could begin by sequencing select Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS) priority pathogens that can demonstrate the standardization and impact genome sequencing has in tackling AMR.
Effectiveness of High Flow Nasal Cannula and Standard Non-Rebreathing Mask for Oxygen Therapy in Moderate Category COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Nazir NAZIA , Saxena Anupriya , Solanki Hariom , Pandey Ruchi
Published: June 2021

Background: To compare the effectiveness of High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) and standard non rebreathing mask (NRBM) as oxygen delivery device, in moderate cases of COVID-19 Pneumonia.Methods: A single-centre, prospective, open label randomized controlled trial was conducted between February 2021 and April 2021. Sixty enrolled patients were randomly divided into two groups according to the oxygen delivery device used. Group 1 (n = 30) received HFNC and group 2 (n = 30) received NRBM as initial oxygen delivery device, to maintain a target saturation of ≥ 96% in both groups. The success rate of oxygen therapy, time to progression to severe disease, PaO2, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, number of patients requiring NIV or endotracheal intubation, time for de-escalation of oxygen therapy to lower Fio2 device and patient satisfaction level were compared among the two groups.Results: Demographic, clinical variables and treatment given were comparable in the two groups. In the HFNC group 83.3% patients had successful outcomes with the initial oxygen therapy device used as compared to 66.6% in the NRBM group. However, the use of HFNC resulted in improved oxygenation (P < 0.001), better patient satisfaction (P < 0.001) and shorter time for de-escalation of oxygen therapy to a lower FIO2 device (3.75 ± 1.032 vs. 6.83 ± 0.928).Conclusions: HFNC is a reliable oxygen therapy modality for moderate category COVID-19 pneumonia that results in better oxygenation and a greater patient satisfaction level as compared to a non-rebreathing mask.Trial Registration: ctri.nic.in; Reg No: CTRI/2021/01/030829; Date of Reg: 05/02/2021
Scientifically Speaking We know a lot, or do we? A model of knowledge using the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Authors: Espinoza Fernando
Published: June 2021

A quantitative model of human knowledge of the physical world based on the use of various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum is proposed. The model is epistemologically effective in demonstrating limits to what scientific knowledge can provide us about the physical world, thus enhancing for students the potentially exploratory opportunities available in scientific research, based on how little we really know. Additionally, the model provides a pedagogically useful way to engage students in considerations of the role of measurement, scale and estimation; these features are urgently needed by many students according to international assessments and are particularly important for non-science majors.
Evaluation of the shift to emergency remote learning of veterinary anatomy during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A global students’ perspectives
Authors: Mahdy Mohamed A. A.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: The present study assessed the shift to remote teaching of veterinary anatomy during the COVID‐19 pandemic based on students’ perspectives. Methods: Participants were invited to answer an anonymous online Google Form questionnaire using the snowball sampling method. Only students who studied anatomy online during the COVID-19 lockdown period were eligible to answer the questionnaire. Results: A total of 961 participants were enrolled in this study from 87 countries and 6 continents. Data showed that the majority of students (81.6%) were interested in studying anatomy online during COVID-19 lockdown. Moreover, approximately 82% of students were comfortable with the technological skills and approximately 61% of students can understand online anatomy well during lockdown. Furthermore, approximately 52.76% of students believed that online learning of anatomy suited for theoretical, 8.74% believed that it suited for practical parts, and 30.28% believed that it suited for both theoretical and practical parts. On the contrary, about 36.63% of students thought that online learning of anatomy could replace face-to-face teaching. In conclusion, shifting to remote teaching appears to be a good and convenient approach during the lockdown period as shown by student interest to study anatomy online during the COVID-19 lockdown, their comfortability with the technological skills, and their level of understanding. However, practical classes with cadaver dissection and dealing with different anatomical specimens is essential for veterinary students, therefore, blended learning is recommended. Conclusion: the study highlighted several challenges associated with studying anatomy online during lockdown period and recommendation to overcome these challenges.
The radiographic assessments of spino-pelvic compensation using IoT-based real-time ischial pressure adjustment: clinical research study
Authors: Sohn Moon-Jun , Lee Haenghwa , Lee Byung-Jou , Koo Hae-Won , Kim Kwang Hyeon , Yoon Sang-Won
Published: June 2021

Background: In malalignment syndrome, the spino-pelvic alignment correction with foot orthotics can be applied only to a standing position in the coronal plane. Considering the fact that the average time Koreans spend sitting in a chair is 7.5 hours per day, studies on spino-pelvic correction in sitting position is needed. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pressure changes and radiographic assessment of spino-pelvic alignment using a chair equipped with a height-adjustable seat-plate.Methods: Experiments were conducted on 30 research participants. The inclusion criteria for the participants were as follows: The volunteers of nonstructural malignment syndrome with shoulder height differences (SHDs) or iliac flea height differences (ICHDs) greater than 5 mm in radiographic images excluding participants with structural deformity. All participants were subjected to measure buttocks interface pressure while seated using a smart chair in three consecutive steps: (1) on initial seated, (2) on balancing seated, and then (3) on 1hr balancing seated. Radiographically, the five spino-pelvic parameters such as SHD, ICHD, LLD, POA, and coronal imbalance were analyzed to investigate the effect of pelvic imbalance compensation on spino-pelvic alignment.Results: Pelvic imbalance was compensated with seat plate height adjustment in average of 3.6 ± 1.8 mm, so that the pressure discrepancy improvement between buttocks from 36.4 ± 32.3 on initial seated to 15.7 ± 20.3 on balancing, 12.7 ± 10.9 on 1hr balancing seated (Ω, p=0.008). The radiographic changes before and after pelvic imbalance compensation demonstrated a statistically significant improvements of spino-pelvic parameters on sitting and standing: at the average value of -0.9 to -0.8 and 9.5 to 2.5, SHD and ICHD, respectively (mm, p=0.005, 0.037) and -3.0 to -1.0, 1.8 to 0.8, and 0.8 to 0.1, SHD, ICHD, and LLD, respectively (mm, p=0.005, 0.016, 0.033).Conclusions: Spino-pelvic malalignment can be improved by individually customized pelvic compensation using balanced seat plate height adjustments under the real-time pressure sensing and monitoring on the buttocks while seated.
Investigation of Energy Distribution System for Sustainability and Low Carbon Development in the Case of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: BEZABIH ADDISU WORKU
Published: June 2021

The quality and reliability of electric power supply systems determine the quality of life and the growth of a nation. Electricity is present in every aspect of our daily lives. Renewable energy is, without a doubt, one of the most critical drivers of a country's socio-economic growth, and its importance in this regard cannot be overstated. Electricity access plays a significant role in other sources of energy. Electricity has made life much more straightforward in various sectors and facets of human endeavors, such as education, health, agriculture, and all households. Efficient power consumption and energy savings have become a major issue these days as the need for power demand increases day to day in Ethiopia. Ethiopia’s electricity coverage and per capita consumption are among the lowest in sub-Saharan Africa. Only 44 percent of over 110 million Ethiopians have access to electricity. Around 83% of the population lives in areas with less than 2% of the population having access to electricity. Electricity is a necessary component of any modern economy. A country's economic growth and development are dependent on the availability of a sufficient power supply at a fair cost. However, to meet the demand and minimize greenhouse gas emissions, cost-effectiveness and efficiency in electricity generation and distribution must be improved further.
Photobiomodulation (PBMT) and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) In Oral Manifestations of Patients Infected by SARS-CoV-2: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pacheco Juliano Abreu , Molena Kelly Fernanda , Martins Camila Raíssa  Oliveira Gontijo , Corona Silmara Aparecida Milori , Borsatto Maria Cristina
Published: June 2021

Introduction: In 2019, a viral and respiratory pathology called COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China and spread to other continents. Its main symptoms include fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, anorexia and respiratory distress in the most severe cases, which can lead to death. Furthermore, manifestations in the oral cavity such as ageusia and dysgeusia, as well as lesions in other regions of the oral cavity, can be observed.Objective: Are Photobiomodulation (PBM) and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) effective to treat oral manifestations of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2?Methodology: It was defined following the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Report on Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis), and registered in the database in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), including articles published between December 2019 to May 2021, Independent reviewers selected studies, qualitatively extracted data, assessed risk of bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute, assessed certainty of evidence through meta-analysis.Results: Of the 5,959 articles found, 32 fit the types of studies, but only 5 of them attended the pre-established criteria. Data corresponding to the articles, protocols used and clinical outcome were extracted, then submitted to qualitative and descriptive analysis. The results show favoring the associated use of PBMT with aPDT (p=0.004), and the isolated use of PBMT with the result of significant “p=0.005” and good confidence interval (7.18, 39.20) in ulcerative lesions, herpetic, aphthous, erythematous, petechiae and necrotic areas.Conclusion: According to the articles included in this review, PBMT and aPDT were effective in the treatment of oral lesions of patients infected with COVID-19 in a short period of time.
The Effect of Bushen Culuan Decoction On Anovulatory Infertile Women Among 6 Different Diseases: A Study Protocol For A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Positive Controlled, Adaptive Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Ma Kun , Shi Yun , He Junqin , Teng Xiuxiang , Wang Rongyu , Wang Guohua , Yu Yanan , Chen Yanxia , Gong Linjuan , Yuan Yuan , Zhang Huixian , Yuan Bochao , Zhang Chenhui
Published: June 2021

Background: Anovulation is one of the main causes of female infertility, This study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Bushen Culuan Decoction for anovulatory infertility caused by six diseases, including anovulatory abnormal uterine bleeding, polycystic ovarian syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, corpus luteum insufficiency and premature ovarian insufficiency.Methods: This is a randomized, double-blinded, double-dummy, parallel, positively controlled, adaptive, multicenter clinical trial. All participants will be randomly allocated by a central randomization system to the treatment group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio. The treatment group will undergo a 14day-treatment with Bushen Culuan Decoction 13 g three times a day and a 5-day- treatment with clomiphene citrate placebo tablets 50 mg once a day starting on day 5 of every menstrual period. The control group will undergo a 14-day treatment with Bushen Culuan Decoction placebo 13 g three times a day and a 5-day treatment with clomiphene citrate tablets 50 mg once a day from day 5 in every menstrual period. The whole treatment will last through 3 menstrual periods or 6 menstrual periods, depending on whether ovulation is regained in the first 3 menstrual periods. All statistical analyses will be performed in SPSS 21.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois, USA), and a p value <0.05 will be considered statistically significant. Discussion: This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Xiyuan Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (No. 2017XLA037-2). The results of this study will be offered for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03709849. Registered on 19 November 2018.
Efficacy of Acupuncture On Cognitive Function In Poststroke Depression: Study Protocol For A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Chen Ling , Chen Yi , Wu Lihua , Fu Wen , Wu Luanmian , Fu Wenbin
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Poststroke depression (PSD) is the most common mental complication after stroke and has a serious impact on functional outcomes and quality of life. Antidepressants are the first-line treatment for PSD, but many reported side effects remain. Clinical research has shown that acupuncture has a positive effect on PSD. This trial aims to study the efficacy and safety of acupuncture for PSD and to explore its effect on cognitive function. It is hypothesized that acupuncture treatment improves depressive symptom, cognitive behavior and negative emotion processing bias in PSD.Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded trial, fifty-six people with PSD will be randomly allocated into the intervention (n=28) or control (n=28) groups. The intervention group will receive acupuncture treatment, and the control group will receive sham acupuncture treatment, in 20 sessions over 4 weeks. The primary outcome is the change from baseline in the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17) scores at week 4. Secondary outcomes include the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and latency and amplitude of P1, N170 and P3 of the event-related potentials (ERPs) components to assess the changes in cognitive function and electroencephalography. Outcomes are assessed at baseline and post intervention.Discussion: Acupuncture therapy could become an alternative treatment for PSD, and it is expected that this trial will provide reliable clinical evidence for the future use of acupuncture for the treatment of PSD.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR1900026948. Registered on 27 October 2019.
Internet of things-based home noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in COPD patients with hypercapnic chronic respiratory failure: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiang Weipeng , Song Yuanlin
Published: June 2021

BackgroundHome noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) have become evidence-based care for stable hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. There are still other challenges including appropriate follow-up, telemonitor and management to ensure treatment effectiveness, compliance and security, and to improve quality of life. The Internet of Things (IOT) is the name given to the network of devices and other “things” with built-in sensors, software, electronics and network connectivity, communicating these objects over wireless networks and sending data to a cloud platform. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the IOT-based management of NIPPV for the COPD patients with hypercapnic chronic respiratory failure.MethodsThis multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial will be conducted with a total of 200 COPD patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. Using a computer-generated randomization process, patients will be randomized (in a 1:1 ratio) into usual NIPPV (control group) or to receive additional IOT-based management (intervention group) for 12 months. The primary outcome is Severe Respiratory Insufficiency (SRI) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include compliance with the ventilator, gas exchange, lung function, Health-related Quality of Life, hospitalization frequency, time to death within 1-year, all-cause mortality, safety analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis.DiscussionThis study will be the first and largest randomized trial in China to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the IOT-based management of NIPPV for COPD patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. The results will help to understand the current situation of IOT based home ventilation and may provide new evidence for home NIPPV treatment and management in the future.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trials Registry ChiCTR1800019536. Registered 17 November, 2018.
Análise da dinâmica da ocupação territorial em Fortaleza-CE, Brasil: o desafio do município em promover funções ambientais e econômicas
Authors: Frota Renata Locarno , Silva Samiria Maria Oliveira da , Mota Francisco Suetônio Bastos , Vasconcelos Francisca Dalila Menezes
Published: June 2021

As relações existentes entre sociedade e natureza ao longo dos anos tem refletido em ações de gestão ambiental e em diferentes leis para a proteção dos recursos ambientais. Nos níveis federal e municipal foram criados mecanismos de preservação, como a Área de Preservação Permanente (APP) e a Zona de Proteção Ambiental (ZPA-1). Portanto, este estudo visa a analisar a dinâmica da ocupação territorial do município de Fortaleza e verificar se a Lei Complementar n. 250/2018 cumpre suas funções econômicas e ambientais. Para isso, foi aplicado técnicas de geoprocessamento e avaliado se a APP possui dimensões apropriadas em relação a ZPA-1, identificado as áreas de intensa especulação imobiliária e apresentado uma evolução das áreas de interesse econômico. Verificou-se que a ZPA-1 possui uma área maior que a APP, porém, ao longo dos anos, as leis municipais e estaduais não consideram trechos suprimidos e transformados, isto é, aqueles que perderam sua função ambiental. Vale ressaltar que algumas áreas da ZPA-1 possuem largura inferior ao mínimo de 30 m exigido pela lei federal, portanto, a legislação municipal nem sempre obedece à lei federal. Dessa forma, o estudo aponta a necessidade de implementação de ferramentas legais e administrativas integradas e alinhadas nos níveis municipal, estadual e federal para aplicação de uma gestão adequada.
Expressão relativa do gene OsNPF7.4 em arroz é estimulada pelo fornecimento de nitrato em solução nutritiva
Authors: Fernandes Erika da Costa , Melo Maria Eduarda Pimentel de , Pereira Erinaldo Gomes , Lima Brisa Ribeiro de , Fernandes Manlio Silvestre , Santos Leandro Azevedo
Published: June 2021

O nitrato (NO3-) é a forma predominante de nitrogênio em solos bem aerados. Estudos recentes apontam a importância do gene OsNPF7.4 na eficiência de uso de N em arroz, atuando diretamente na multiplicação dos perfilhos. Entretanto, estudos de expressão desse gene sob variação no fornecimento de nitrato ainda são escassos. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi a caracterização da resposta deste gene frente a um período de supressão de nitrato (N-NO3-) de 72 h. Plantas de arroz da variedade manteiga foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva por 30 dias e então submetidas a um período de supressão de N por 72 h, seguido pelo reestabelecimento do nutriente. Foram realizadas coletas do tecido da bainha a cada 24 h no período de supressão e nos tempos 4, 8, 24 e 72 h após o ressuprimento e realizou-se análise da expressão relativa por PCR em tempo real. O gene OsNPF7.4 apresenta duas isoformas, derivadas de splicing alternativo. Com a análise da expressão relativa foi observado um decréscimo dos níveis de resposta das duas isoformas do gene no período de supressão de N e um pico de expressão logo após o ressuprimento. Estes resultados confirmam a alta dependência deste gene quanto a presença de NO3- na solução e indicam sua possível atuação no influxo de nitrato.
Auditoria ambiental de conformidade como mecanismo para efetivação do princípio da prevenção e mitigação da responsabilidade administrativa ambiental
Authors: Saleta Pacheco Fernando Augusto
Published: June 2021

Este artigo analisa a interação entre auditoria ambiental de conformidade, princípio da prevenção e responsabilidade administrativa em matéria ambiental. Com efeito, pretende-se examinar em que extensão a prévia promoção de uma auditoria ambiental de conformidade, enquanto medida de diligência de uma organização privada no que tange ao nível de cumprimento da legislação ambiental, serve para prevenir a ocorrência de infrações e danos ao meio ambiente, bem como para mitigar eventual penalidade administrativa, a partir da consideração dos antecedentes do infrator e do estudo comparativo à luz da experiência estadunidense sobre a matéria.
IoT Based Automation and Blockchain for Medical Drug Storage and Smart Drug Store
Authors: Suryakrishna S S , Praveen K , Tamilselvan S , Srinath S
Published: June 2021

The increase in the work stress and decrease in the time for oneself has led to the rise in the dependency on the medicines and drugs. The drugs and medicines are the key sources for saving the human life when the patient is in the danger. In order to maintain regular and quality supply of the drugs and medicines has to monitor on the regular basis. There are numerous medicines and drugs brought in the store but usually drugs and medicines are stolen to satisfy one’s greed, get expired or placed at unknown locations in the store. So to prevent such situation and saving the life of the patient Drug and Medicine Monitoring Model can be used. The model uses the RFID and IoT technology in order to monitor the drugs and medicines in the store. In medical and drug using systems which are increasing work stress and decreasing the time for oneself that has risen in dependency. The danger situation drugs and medicine is the main source for saving human life when the people are in danger. A daily regular basis to maintain a quality supply of the drug and medicine has been monitored. While traveling and transportation time is numerous medicines and drugs brought from the store but usually it is stolen to one’s greed and the medicines and drugs or placed at unknown locations. To prevent and save a patent life and monitoring model can be used to check the medicine and drug. In our model RFID tag and IoT technology can be used to monitor medicine and drug storage with the help of hospitals and how having a knowledge of the system and chemist of the medical and drugs available, the medicines and drugs quality of location and their safety.
CEZA HUKUKU BİLİMLERİ KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: YUMAK Semih
Published: June 2021

Suç ve ceza insanlık tarihi ile var olmuştur ve de olmaya devam edecektir. Bu kavramları kendisine konu edinen günümüz ceza hukukunun sistematik bütün haline getirilişi ve disipline edilişi uğraşları, aydınlanma şeklinde tabir edilen tarihsel dönem sonrası yoğun bir şekilde gündeme gelmiştir. Bu uğraşlar meyvelerini 19. yüzyıldan itibaren vermeye başlamıştır. Normatif yönü ile ön plana çıkan ceza hukuku biliminin 20. yüzyılda sosyal bilimlerle kurduğu yakın ilişki ise, bu alanın gelişmesine ve genleşmesine yol açmıştır. Suça ve karşılığı olan cezaya ait hukuksal ve bilimsel bilgiyi öğrenme ve öğretme becerisi, hiç şüphesiz bu kavramların ilişkili olduğu farklı disiplinleri tanımayı gerektirir. Bu disiplinlerin bakış açısı, ilkeleri ve inceleme yöntemleri birbirlerinden farklı ve bağımsız olmakla birlikte, gelişimleri ise birbirleri ile olan ilişkilerine bağlıdır. Bu çalışma, suç ve ceza temel kavramlarıyla oluşturulan bilgiler bütününün hukuk bilimi içerisinde sınıflandırılmasına ve sistemleştirilmesine hizmet etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makale ile ortaya konulan genel resim ayrıca suç ve ceza hukuku bilimlerinde bütünsel yaklaşımın mümkün olup olmadığı sorusuna da yanıt arar niteliktedir.
Intertextualidades religiosas en El arpa y la sombra de Alejo Carpentier
Authors: Londoño Juan Esteban
Published: June 2021

Este artículo explora el modo en que Alejo Carpentier (1994), en su novela El arpa y la sombra, cuenta la historia de Colón desde la ironía y la parodia, ayudado por la investigación histórica del siglo xx y por los intertextos a los que acude con regularidad. Se resalta la hermenéutica de Colón que transforma los textos antiguos al hacerlos contemporáneos a su entorno. Este aparece como como un hombre medieval y renacentista, enraizado en el catolicismo e impulsado por la osadía y la creencia de la tierra que está hecha por Dios para ser dominada por el hombre.
Impact of accounting of 238U chemical toxicity on its permissible release level to atmosphere
Authors: Kryshev A. I. , Sazykina T. G. , Buryakova A. A.
Published: June 2021

At present, the permissible atmospheric release levels of 238U are evaluated only on a basis of its radiation impact on population. At the same time, uranium belongs to the 1st hazard class (extremely dangerous chemicals) by its toxic effect. Limitation of the 238U release to the atmosphere is calculated separately using two criteria – radiation protection (annual dose limits) and chemical toxicity of uranium. It is shown that the permissible release level of 238U by radiation criteria is 100 – 250 times higher than the maximum release level limited by chemical toxicity of uranium. Annual intake limit of 238U for population 8400 Bq/year, established by Radiation Safety Norms NRB-99/2009, under condition of its uniform intake is equal to 184 mkg/kg of body mass per day for the indicated age group. It is 306 times higher than the tolerable daily intake of uranium estimated by World Health Organization. Compliance with the public health regulations in radiation safety does not guarantee that the annual intake of uranium by population would not exceed the tolerable toxicity levels indicated by World Health Organization. Therefore, the established value of the annual intake limit of 238U for the population needs to be revised taking into account the recent World Health Organization publications and the research results in the field of chemical toxicity of uranium. The revised value could be incorporated to the system of establishing the permissible atmospheric releases levels of radioactive substances.
Analysis of the impact of features of radiation accidents on crisis risk communication
Authors: Biblin A. M. , Davydov A. A. , Vishnyakova N. M. , Akhmatdinov R. R. , Repin L. V.
Published: June 2021

In the event of radiation accidents and incidents related to a possible threat to public health, one of the tools for forming health-saving behavior of the population, ensuring the social acceptability of protective measures and reducing social tension is crisis communication. Nuclear and radiation emergencies associated with the potential for radioactive contamination of large areas or the impact on the population can become the basis for the emergence of resonant information events. Properly organized crisis communication with the population in such situations is one of the necessary conditions for the effectiveness of emergency response. The article analyzes the impact on crisis risk communication of some features of nuclear and radiation events that have occurred in recent years. These events have had a significant impact on the possibility or impossibility of following the general principles of crisis communication, and provides examples of recommendations for adjusting information work if it is impossible to strictly follow the general principles of crisis communication in real circumstances. The study made it possible to identify the following features of the development of specific crisis situations that influenced the course of crisis communication and created a number of difficulties: 1) the latent nature of the early phase of the accident; 2) absence or deliberate concealment of information about a radiation accident; 3) the transboundary nature of the accident; 4) hidden (secret) nature of information about the accident; 5) an increase in the level of radiation anxiety among the population of the territories not affected by the accident; 6) the rapid formation and spread of myths; 7) projecting artistic images on a real accident. The analysis of the influence of the features of radiation accidents and incidents on the crisis communication allowed us to come to the following conclusions: 1) crisis communication is an important component of emergency response, affecting both the psychoemotional state of the population and the effectiveness of emergency measures related to the actions or inaction of the population; 2) the development of means of information interaction and methods of dissemination and consumption of information requires a revision of traditional methods of information work with the population; 3) the information should be timely, objective, consistent and understandable both for the public and for non-specialists in the field of radiation hygiene responsible for making management decisions; 4) information should not be presented in the form of short messages without explanations; 5) contradictory aggressive information received by the population from different sources may cause distrust of official sources of information; 6) if you do not provide up-to-date and objective information about the accident, the public’s trust is very easy to lose and very difficult to restore.
Laser speckle contrast imaging and machine learning in application to physiological fluids flow rate recognition
Authors: Stebakov Ivan , Kornaeva Elena , Stavtsev Dmitry , Potapova Elena , Dremin Viktor
Published: June 2021

The laser speckle contrast imaging allows the determination of the flow motion in a sequence of images. The aim of this study is to combine the speckle contrast imaging and machine learning methods to recognition of physiological fluids flow rate. Data on the flow of intralipid with average flow rate of 0-2 mm/s in a glass capillary were obtained using a developed experimental setup. These data were used to train a feed-forward artificial neural network. The accuracy of random image recognition was quite low due to pulsations and the uneven flow set by the pump. To increase the recognition accuracy, various methods for calculating speckle contrast were used. The best result was obtained when calculating the mean spatial speckle contrast. The application of the mean spatial speckle contrast imaging together with the proposed artificial neural network allowed to increase the fluid flow rate recognition accuracy from about 65 % to 89 % and make it possible to exclude an expert from the data processing.
Fast calculation method of directly buried cables ampacity
Authors: Pang Dan , Zhang Yizhu , Li Yanyang , Zhou Yingming , Lu Zhiwei , Qi Mingze
Published: June 2021

Accurate calculation of the ampacity of underground cables is an important prerequisite for ensuring the safe and economical operation of cables, the realization of this goal mainly depends on the accuracy of the calculation of the external thermal resistance of the cable. The accuracy of numerical method is high but slow calculation speed, the analytical algorithm (IEC standard supply) is fast, but the calculation error is large when dealing with the non-uniform soil problems with poor heat conduction performance backfill soil. In this paper, the external thermal resistance of cable is calculated by finite volume method and equivalent thermal circuit method, substitutes the calculation result into the analytical calculation formula, which can quickly and accurately calculate the ampacity of the cable group. This method is faster than the pure numerical method, and which is more accurate than the analytical algorithm. The superiority of this method is proved by comparing with analytical algorithm, coordinate combination method and field-circuit combination method in uniform and non-uniform soils.
Onboard computing environment of autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles: possible design technologies and their comparative analysis
Authors: Siek Yuri , Zhurba Nikita , Khutornaia Ekaterina
Published: June 2021

The paper considers the main tasks of autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles (AUV), lists the requirements for the onboard computing environment. Comparative analysis of central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and application‐specific integrated circuit (ASIC) has been carried out. The FPGA was considered in more detail as the basis of the AUV onboard computing environment. The given example of designing a device that calculates an arithmetic function demonstrates the high performance of an FPGA and the complexity of developing a simple device in comparison with a similar task on a CPU.
Some recommendations for the calculation of pneumatic engines taking into account the smooth stop
Authors: Raevsky Vladimir , Nasonov Dmitry , Ilichev Vladimir
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the recommendations and to develop a methodology for calculating multi-piston pneumatic motors (pneumatic positioners) for analyzing the movement parameters of a pneumatic drive and taking into account the need for a smooth stop of the output rod. A system of differential equations is obtained, the solution of which gives a description of the dynamics processes occurring during the operation of a multi-piston pneumatic actuator. The software has been developed that allows to obtain a number of graphical dependencies, on the basis of which the designer decides on the expediency of using braking by the method of throttling the inputs and outputs of the pneumatic motor chambers.
Comparative studies on adsorptive and photocatalytic potential of differently synthesized ferric oxide nanoparticles for malachite green
Authors: Kaur Kakanpreet , Kaur Manpreet , Ubhi Manpreet Kaur , Kaur Pervinder
Published: June 2021

In the present work, effect of different fuels on the structural, morphological, magnetic, adsorptive and photocatalytic properties of ferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) was evaluated. Fe2O3 NPs were synthesized via combustion method by using oxalyl dihydrazide (ODH), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and urea as fuels. The indigenously synthesized NPs were characterized by different analytical tools. XRD patterns confirmed the presence of α- and γ-Fe2O3 phases. TEM micrographs displayed average particle size was less than 30 nm. Saturation magnetization amplified with increase in the γ-Fe2O3 content, which was correlated to the fuel used for synthesis. Adsorptive and photocatalytic activity of synthesized NPs was studied using malachite green (MG) dye as a model compound. The uptake behavior for MG dye was influenced by the solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, temperature and dye concentration. Thermodynamic studies indicated the endothermic nature of the adsorption phenomenon. The adsorption was well defined with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms in comparison to Dubinin-Radushkevitch adsorption isotherm model. The trend for percentage removal of MG dye using NPs synthesized by different fuels was: urea > PEG > ODH. Fe2O3 NPs facilitated photo degradation of dye solution in ultra-violet and visible light irradiations.
CHINA'S ROAD TO DIGITAL LEADERSHIP
Authors: Kuznetsova G. V.
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the characteristics of China's advance to the position of the world digital leadership. The objectives of the study are the identifying of the most dynamically developing areas of digital transformation based on the integration of modern technologies, big data, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, 3D printing, cloud technologies into supply chains for implementation in production processes. The impact of digitalization processes on the formation of a new society based on both traditional  cultural  values  and  high  susceptibility  to  Western  innovations  is analyzed. There  is  a  reversal  of  China's  global  strategy  from  a  development  model  based  on external factors to a wider use of internal regional reserves, which, in particular, is facilitated by the confrontation with the United States and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that achieving digital leadership in the competition with the United States for China is hardly possible in the foreseeable future. There are still insurmountable barriers on the way: the lack of economic freedoms, including in the field of using the Internet, environmental challenges that require structural restructuring of the economy, the presence of regional and social imbalances, a decline in economic growth, uncertainty in relations with the United States.
JOSEPH BIDEN’S NEW ECONOMIC POLICY: GLOBAL DIMENSION
Authors: Lebedeva L. F. , Aksenov P. A.
Published: June 2021

The Biden’s administration took office when the US’s facing the global challenge of pandemic and the  recession.  Changes  in  American  policy,  particularly  as  concerning  international  trade, immigration; climate policy initiatives, represent new effects and challenges. Rejoining the Paris climate agreement was one of the first decisions of the new administration. The climate agenda means keeping global warming under control; and trade policy may be part of this process. Making economic development more inclusive and decarbonized, introducing new fuel efficiency standards needs time; as CO2 emissions per capita in US and Canada now are much higher than in France, Great Britain, Germany. Although president Biden entered office having majority in both chambers of Congress, it may not be enough for passing legislation concerning some aspects of his policy agenda, including climate, budget, immigration. So the President started to realize his policy immediately after inauguration through executive orders. Addressing the trade issues, environment agenda, the new administration underlines that approach to international economic relations will be different (from Trump’s priorities), restoring American leadership abroad. Being at the pathway toward recovery at the beginning of the current year, the American economy still needs support and stimulus under struggling with pandemic consequences.