bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Biology of Inclusion Bodies inVirus Diseases (I)* ON ECTROMELIA VIRUSES
Authors: Dohi Seiichi
Published: December 2008

1. We succeeded in getting monocytes with ectromelia inclusion bodies from the peritoneal cavity of the intraabdominally infected mice.

2. By this method, quantitative and qualitative development of inclusion bodies and cell reaction in ascites following infection were investigated. The inclusion bodies appear in the periphery zone of the cytoplasm having completely no relation with centrosphere of monocytes, and increase their volume gradually.

3. In the supravital state the inclusion bodies stained positive with neutral red and fuchsin but negative with nile blue, brilliant cresyl blue and bordeaux BX.

4. Elementary bodies within the inclusion bodies having blue brilliant points were found in the supravital preparations by the dark ground microscope.

5. It was possible to take ultra‐violet photomicrographs of the infected monocytes in the supravital preparations. From data obtained by this method we observed the fine figures of elementary bodies in the ectromelia inclusion bodies corresponding to the blue points which had been found by the dark ground microscope.

Absorption of ultra‐violet rays by inclusion bodies is much less than by the nuclei, and there is no difference between that of the inclusion, bodies and that of the protoplasm. The results obtained from the ultra‐violet microscopy coincide with the other results that the inclusion bodies give a negative Feulgen reaction in smear preparation. In this case the negative Feulgen test do not mean inevitably the denial of desoxyribonucleic nature of the virus nucleic acid.
Effect of Streptomycin on Tissue Cells Especially on Their Phagocytic Activity in Experimental Studies*
Authors: Nonaka Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Experiment I and experiment II suggested that streptomycin has an activity in the stimulation of phagocytosis in fixed cells. It is demonstrated that this activity continues for a week in mice injected with 125γ streptomycin. In experiment I (with lithiumcarmine injection) there occurs a very remarkable proliferation of fixed cells in the early period after streptomycin injection. In experiment II (with tubercle bacilli inoculation), it is a particularly noted that following streptomycin administration, degeneration of tissue cells in area adjacent to the necrotic center is very scarce and moderate proliferation of fixed cells with rapid reduction of wandering cell infiltration occurs.

Necrotic fixed cells which contained a considerable number of tubercle bacilli formed caseous focus. These findings coincide with my studies in experimental tuberculosis treated with diluted Shwartzman coli‐filtrate. These reveal a slight degree of degeneration with slight wandering cell infiltration compared with controls.
Bone Change in the Fetus Following Toxemia of the Pregnant Mother
Authors: Ohkawa Kimiyasu
Published: December 2008

Bone changes of the fetus following toxemia of pregnant mother, is studied. This study shows:

(1) Slight shortening of the proliferative cartilage zone.

(2) Evident shortening of the zone of ossification and chondro‐osseous trabeculae that are arranged and shaped irregularly, and the irregular dilatation of the primary marrow.

(3) The primary marrow capillaries seem to have the pathologic hyperfunction to invade the cartilage.

(4) The dilatation of marrow, and the narrow trabeculae.

(5) The thin cortex and the dilatation of the canals of Havers.

These changes occur in proportion to the extent of clinical symptoms at the time of labour. The more serious the clinical symptoms at the time of labour are, the more evident these changes become.

(6) The increase of osteoblasts: some show atrophic changes, others necrotic changes.

(7) The decreasing of calcification stained by hematoxylin.

(8) The hemorrhage in the marrow.

These changes are in proportion to the course of clinical symptoms and not specific to toxemia, but have only a difference of extent.

The irregular arrangement of the capillaries invading the cartilage is specific in toxemia.
A Pathological Research on the Internal Secretion of the Salivary Glands
Authors: Takizawa Nobujiro
Published: December 2008

We confirmed that the removal of parotid and submaxillary salivary glands (asialadenism) caused definite changes in many endocrine organs and definite degeneration of the cartilage tissue of bone and joint, dentin of teeth, elastic fiber system and other mesenchomal tissue.

 On the contrary, we confirmed that the removal of submaxillary salivary gland caused hypertrophy of the parotid gland (hypersialadenism) and contrary changes in endocrine organs to the aforementioned experiment, and also contrary changes in the same mesenchymal tissues.

 These changes in the deficiency of endocrine apparatus (secretory tube and glandular cells of salivary glands) are recovered by the administration of salivary hormone (Parotin‐Ogata).

 As the diseases which are caused by the deficiency of endocrine function of salivary gland we demonstrated the following three; chondrodystrophia fetalis, Kaschin‐Beck's disease, and arthropathia deformans.

Chondrodystrophia fetalis seems to be caused by the retardation of development of endocrine function of salivary gland in the embryonic and new born stage.

Kaschin‐Beck's disease, including the changes of bone in Aso volcanic disease, seems to be caused by the acquired deficiency of endocrine function of salivary gland in the growing stage.

Arthritis deformans senilis seems to be caused by the disappearance of endocrine function of salivary gland in adult age.

 In diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease and myxoedema following sarcoma of the thyroid, we confirmed the definite secondary changes of the endocrine apparatus of salivary gland.

 In malnutrition we confirmed hyperplasia of the endocrine apparatus of salivary gland and pancreas, but with the complication of pneumonia and dysentery this endocrine apparatus is also degenerated.

 In rickets, which is refractory against vitamin D, we confirmed the disturbance of endocrine apparatus of salivary gland.

 We confirmed the close relationship between the disturbance of endocrine apparatus of salivary gland and the elasticomalacia of artery, i. e. arteriopathia senilis (Nordmann), but could not establish a direct relationship to the arteriosclerosis.

 In all our cases of arterial bleeding of the brain we confirmed degeneration of the endocrine apparatus of salivary gland as well as in the cases of emphysema.

 We are inclined to conclude that the endocrine function of salivary gland maintains the proliferation of mesenchymal tissues, i. e. cartilage, bone, teeth, elastic fiber, reticulo‐endothelial system, connective and hematopoetic tissues.

 These diseases, which seem to be primarily caused by the disturbance of endocrine function of salivary gland, are recovered by adequate substitutional application of salivary hormone.
Immuno‐Morphological Study in Tuberculosis, Especially the Lesions Caused by Dead Tubercle Bacilli Embedded in Paraffin‐oil
Authors: Hojimaki Shigeo , Kawauchi Juzo
Published: December 2008

The extensively widespread occurrence of the lesions caused by dead tubercle bacilli embedded in paraffin‐oil may be essential for the establishment of the state of hypersensitivity, even if such lesions may be an innocent tuberculoid change. And the fact that the lesions or metastatic foci are chiefly formed by invading the lymph channels, may probably play an important role in the mechanism of the occurrence of such innocent tuberculoid changes.

Therefore, the tuberculo‐immunity premises the existence of tuberculous change; namely, it is exactly similar to that of typhoid fever.
The Use of Fluorescence in the Histochemical Technique for Phosphatase
Authors: Takeuchi Tadao , Nogami Shinichiro
Published: December 2008

A new fluorescence method for histochemical demonstration of phosphatase is presented by use of riboflavin‐5‐phosphoric ester as substrate. Consideration of mechanism of the yellow coloring in situ of the enzyme activity is described. Distribution of riboflavin‐nucleotidase in rabbit tissues is compared with nonspecific phosphatase and 5‐nucleotidase.
Two CASES OF PERIARTERITIS NODOSA
Authors: Tamai Sadami
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of periarteritis nodosa were presented in this paper, including a 18 year and 3 month old male and a 29 year and 8 month old female. It may be that the changes in small and middle‐sized arteries of the whole body are main and secondarily gave rise to most of other lesions. Although there were various pictures in the arterial lesions, the author inclined to summarize these findings as follows:–

Following primary development of fibrinoid degenerations in the intima and in the inner part of the media, infiltrations of cells occur in the adventitia and gradually replace the media and the intima, resulting in loosening of arterial walls. Fibrocytes proliferate and replace these loose walls and granulation tissues are formed here. At this time the lumens show thrombosis with intimal proliferation, developing pictures of arteritis obliterans. As the granulation tissues become old and cicatrized, recanalization occurs in the lumen and fibrosis in the adventitia. Occasionally, some cicatrized areas may show infiltration of cells with loosening of tissue connection, which suggests replacement of inflammation. Elastic fibers, when involved, may show fragmentation or even disappearance and in the granulation tissue argyrophile fibres are increased in number. That the above mentioned changes in the arteries do not occur at the same time but changes at different stages are mixed, will explain the variety of the histologic picture, and inconstancy of reactions of the internal organs will give rise to variable clinical manifestations. These changes observed in vascular walls correspond to Arkin's description at stage I to IV of periarteritis nodosa. It is of interest that in case 1, despite the presence of typical nodular sclerosis macro‐scopically, early lesions were not conspicuous histologically and in case 2, gross examination failed to find typical nodular sclerosis, but evidence of periarteritis nodosa as well as early lesions was well revealed histologically. These differences between two cases suggest that the histological changes may be influenced by the clinical course and the dose of steroid hormones given to each case.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Kawai Sadao , Ishida Yoichi , Nagashima Isamu , Sato Kazuo , Niibe Hideo
Published: December 2008

1. Experimental induction of gliogenous tumors was made by implanting methylcholanthrene pellets into the brain of laboratory animals. Two hundred and forty‐two mice of C3H, ddN, CF1, CFW, C57BL strain and 212 rats of Wistar and Donryu strain were employed in this experiment. A total of 112 mice and 21 rats were found to have tumor. By histological examinations, 39 tumors in mice and 13 in rats were classified as gliomas, 8 tumors in mice and 1 in rat as mixed glioma and sarcomas, and the others as mesenchymal tissue tumors.

2. Experimantally produced tumors were successfully transplanted into the brain and the subcutis of animals of the same strain. They were capable of subsequent transfer through a number of generations. The transplants recapitulated the histological features of the parent tissue, but they became less pleomorphic and more undifferentiated in appearance. Experimental gliomas were also successfully transplanted into the heterogeneous strains.

3. By applying the criteria employed in the classification of human glioma, the experimentally produced gliomas were subclassified into glioblastoma, oligodendroglioma‐, astrocytoma‐, and ependymoma‐like tumors. Glioblastomas comprised the majority of total gliomas. This type of glioma was closely mimiced the corresponding histological type of gliomas in man. Gliomas of adult tissue were classified according to the histology in routine sections. By special impregnation techniques and by electron microscopy it became evident that the constituent cells of this type of tumor appeared more or less anaplastic. It is, therefore, not easy to subclassify the experimental gliomas into various distinct histological types as those in man.

4. The frequent production of mixed gliomas, and gliom as mixed with sarcoma was

5. Tumors of mesodermal origin were also produced in die experiments. The frequency of their production constitutes one of the characteristic features of experimental tumors in mice. It is argued mat intracerebral vessels and meninges are possible sources of die experimental tumors of mesodermal origin.

6. Decisive evidences about the problem of topographical peculiarities in different histological types of experimental gliomas were not obtained in this experiment. There was no tumor incidence with the histology of medulloblastoma in man. Therefore, this study failed to afford any evidence that medulloblastoma is a neuroblastoma derived from the adult neurons in the granular layers of the cerebellar cortex.
INDUCTION OF A DISEASE RESEMBLING SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN LATER STAGE OF PROLONGED SENSITIZATION IN RABBITS*
Authors: Okabayashi Atsushi
Published: December 2008

It is of considerable interest that a complex disorder, both of the blood and tissue, resembling that in human systemic lupus erythematosus was induced in rabbits during the later stage of prolonged sensitization with foreign proteins (egg albumin or egg white) and living bacteria (Escherichia coli). In this paper, data on experimental systemic lupus has been reported.

While the experimental systemic degenerative alterations of the connective tissue are accentuated by cardiac lesions of the Libman‐Sacks endocaritis type, wire‐loop glomerular lesions in the kidney, onion‐skin vascular lesions in the spleen and lymph nodes, and skin lesions, the experimental LE phenomenon in tissues, as well as in in vitro‐blood preparatons, seems to be comparable in detail to that of systemic lupus erythematosus in man.

It should not be overlooked, however, that in experimental systemic lupus or its related conditions there exists the post‐hyperergic dedifferentiation of antibody‐forming tissues, in reflection of which there could be induced LE phenomenon and dysglobulinemia along with further systemic degerative alterations of the connective tissue.
CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF THE MYCOTOXINS OF PENICILLIUM ISLANDICUM SOPP, LUTEOSKYRIN AND CHLORINE‐CONTAINING PEPTIDE ON CHANG'S LIVER CELLS AND HELA CELLS
Authors: Umeda Makoto
Published: December 2008

The cytotoxic effects of mycotoxins of Penicillium islandicum Sopp, luteoskyrin and chlorine‐containing peptide, were examined in tissue culture cells.

For both CL cells and HL cells, Lt. inhibited the cell growth at concentrations higher than 0.12 μg/ml and affected the cells lethally at the concentration of 1.2 /μg/ml. Pt. inhibited the growth of CL cells at 3.17 /μg/ml and that of HL cells at 10/ng/ml, showing a slightly different susceptibility with each other. With Pt. at higher than 31.7/ig/ml, both cells were affected lethally.

The cytological changes induced by Lt. were characterized by the cell atrophy in spindle shape, appearance of large fat granules in the cytoplasm, atrophic nuclei with unevenly distributed chromatin substances, rounded nucleoli, multinucleosis, and slight swelling of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. These changes were marked above the concentration of 0.34 μg/ml after 2 days.

The most characteristic changes caused by Pt. was vacuolation and hyaline‐dropletlike degeneration. Other changes were abnormal mitotic figures, irregularity in cell size, needle‐like substances in the cytoplasm, multinucleosis and electron‐microscopical fine granular matrix, cystic distension of the mitochondria and disappearance of the microvilli. These changes appeared at the concentration of 10/μ/ml within a day.

These changes are closely correlated to the findings in the liver parenchymal cells in vivo affected with respective toxins.

Cells growing in the toxin‐free media after the intermittent toxin treatments showed cellular pleomorphism with Lt. and appearance of somewhat larger cells with Pt., both of which exhibited an increase in the resistance to respective toxins.

The animal LD5o and the concentration affecting tissue culture cells of these agents were compared with those of various toxic agents. Lt. damaged tissue culture cells at a lower concentration than its intravenous LD5o. Pt., on the other hand, affected cells at a higher concentration than its intravenous LD50.

In addition, the cytopathological findings were compared with those induced by other agents in tissue culture cells.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF PRIMARY ACQUIRED AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA†
Authors: Kihara Itaru , Fujimaki Shigeo
Published: December 2008

A case of primary acquired agammaglobulinemia is reported. This case provided a valuable chronological observation of lymphoreticular and hematopoietic tissues and other organs. The cause of diffuse fibrosis and increase of hyaline material in various organs is discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP.16:97‐108, 1966
ASCHOFF BODY INDUCED BY PROLONGED SENSITIZATION
Authors: Kitamura Shiro , Koizumi Fumitomo
Published: December 2008

Histological changes in the heart, especially on the formation of Aschoff body by prolonged sensitization with egg‐white for over one year were studied using 30 rabbits.

Localized myolysis and acute angitis of various degrees were observed in the earlier period of the experiment. Localized or diffuse thickening of the media of coronary arteries was recognized in the later period. Aschoff bodies were demonstrated in 8 cases, taking place in the perivascular region of the myocardium, and they showed a more typical form in the later period as a result of altered immune response than these in the earlier period which is characterized by an allergic‐hyperergic condition.
METAMORPHOSIS OF THE BRAIN CAUSED BY MODERN TREATMENT, ESPECIALLY BY ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
Authors: Oyake Yo
Published: December 2008

1. In the cases of long‐term (over 10‐12 hours) artificial respiration, status bullosus of the cerebellar granule cell layer and faint staining of the nerve cells appear hand in hand. The latter change occurs predominantly in the brain stem (in the wider sense) and the cerebellar nuclei, and differs from the typical ischemic (hypoxic) brain change, not only in its distribution but also in its cellular degenerative pattern.

2. Status bullosus became to be more frequently encountered in cases of meningioma, leukemia, and uremia as compared to previous years, and it appears mostly hand in hand with faint staining of the nerve cells.

3. As the prerequisite of development of these changes, one must consider not only circulatory disturbance, but also metabolic disorders.
ÜBER DIE MIßBILDUNG DES ARTERIELLEN HERZENDES
Authors: Imai Miki , Takeishi Makoto , Und Akira Hibayama , Toyoda Chisato
Published: December 2008

Die Verfasser beabsichtigten durch die anatomsiche Beobachtung der 226 Herzen mit Anomalien des arteriellen Herzendes (117 isolierte Ventrikelseptum defekte und 109 Fallostsche Tetrade) zur Erkla'rung der Morphogenese dieser Missbildungen beizutragen. Diese Herzmissbildungen kommen mit dem VSD, der Rechtsposition der Aorta und der Pulmonalstenose etc vor. Nach unserer Untersuchung, in der Regel je weiter vorn der VSD sitzt, desto geringer ist die Rechtsposition der Aorta (isolierte VSD). Im Gegensatz, je weiter hinten der VSD sitzt, desto starker ist die Rechtsposition der Aorta und dabei wird das Herz mit Pulmonalstenose begleitet (Fallotsche Tetrade). Diese Beziehung versteht man morphogenetisch als die Folge der abnormen Kreuzung der aortalen und pulmonalen Blutströme in der Frühembryonalzeif, wobei die Kreuzung beider Ströme, die normal im Truncusteil mit richtigem Winkel geschieht, im Bulbusteil mit scharferem Winkel geschieht. Je grosser die Distanz zwischen dem Kreuzungspunkt und der Ostiumebene war, desto weiter hinten kommt der VSD vor und desto grösser ist der Grad der Rechtsposition der Aorta, begleitet mit Pulmonalstenose (Fallotsche Tetrade). Bei der gengensätzlichen Bedingung kommt isolierter VSD vor. Diese morphogenetischen Beziehungen und das Vorkommen der verschiedenen Ubergängen zwischen beiden Typen wurden durch anatomische Verhältnisse unserer missbildeten Herzen geklärt.
THE TERMINAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE HEPATIC ARTERY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOCAL LIVER NECROSIS FOLLOWING INTERRUPTION OF THE PORTAL BLOOD SUPPLY
Authors: Nakata Katsuji , Kanbe Akira
Published: December 2008

The terminal distribution of the hepatic artery of the human liver was examined by arterial injection of india ink and serial sectioning. The branches of the hepatic artery form capillary networks around the bile duct in the portal tract, from which the capillaries (terminal venous branch) arise and connect with sinusoids at the most peripheral zone of the liver lobules. Evidence of direct anastomosis between the hepatic artery and portal vein inside the portal tract or presence of “innere Pfortaderwurzeln” as well as the intralobular arteriole was not demonstrated.

The authors also studied the hepatic changes caused by interruption of the portal blood supply to the liver lobule. It was demonstrated that the portal tract and its components as well as several layers of liver parenchymal tissue around the portal tract are nourished from blood via the peribiliary capillary plexus and thus remains unaffected by portal obstruction, while other parts of the liver lobule will undergo coagulation necrosis.

Based on the present investigation, the authors believe that the hepatic artery plays the main role in the nourishment of the bile duct while it has little to do with that of the liver lobule, except for the most peripheral layers of the liver lobules adjacent to the portal areas.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Uchino Fumiya
Published: December 2008

Five biopsy materials of human amyloidosis and experimental amyloidosis in mice induced by‐, casein injection were studied by an electron microscope, and the following results were obtained. 1. Amyloid consisted of amyloid fibrils with an approximate width of 100 Å. These fibrils were found in both biopsy materials of human cases and experimental amyloidosis in mice. Amyloid was produced by the reticulo‐endothelial cells which were functionally‐disturbed. 3. The process of amyloid production in the reticuro‐endothelial cells was essentially similar to that of collagen synthesis in the fibroblast. The protein synthesized in the granular reticulum was transported to the Golgi complex, and polymerization occurred in the lysosome, and finally complete amyloid fibrils were released from the cell.
TWO CASS OF MINUTE LUNG CANCER APPARENTLY DEVELOPING ON THE BASIS OF CHRONIC BRONCHITS
Authors: Kitagawa Masanobu , Oota Kunio
Published: December 2008

Two cases of minute epidermoid carcinoma of bronchus were presented; one in situ carcinoma with incipient invasion developing on the basis of long‐standing tuberculous bronchitis and the other in situ carcinoma in association with non‐specific chronic bronchitis. The importance of the role of chronic inflammation in development of epidermoid epithelial metaplasia and epidermoid carcinoma was suggested.
CERTAIN CHARACTERISTICS AND NUCLEAR LESIONS IN GOLDEN HAMSTER MELANOMA CULTURES*
Authors: Traykovich Vera , Rivière Marcel R.
Published: December 2008

A study of the cytological and ultrastructural characteristics, chromosomal value and tumorigenesis of a cultivated golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) malignant melanoma was made. Four kinds of cells were observed in the cultures: melanocytes, fusiform cells and two forms of macrophages. Electron microscope observations showed very irregular nuclei with intranuclear lesions, in a type of ring‐like bodies. Vast Golgi zones with melanin formation were seen in the cytoplasm. The melanosomes presented a laminar formation. Extracellular virus‐like particles, 80 mμ in diameter, were observed occasionally. The modal value of chromosome numbers was 44 and they ranged from 42 to 270. When inoculated in hamsters, as small as 500 cells/ml developed tumors in 44–60 days with metastases which retained the property to produce melanin. The significance of the nuclear lesions and virus‐like particles in the golden hamster melanoma cells remain open for discussion.
THE ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CEROID
Authors: MAEDA Ryuei
Published: December 2008

The study presents an evidence that the stromal element of erythrocytes contributes most to the formation of ceroid, while hemorrhage or erythrocytes, has so far failed to show any relationship with lipofuscin, indicating the basic difference of ceroid from lipofuscin. It is postulated that, once the initial building stones of ceroid, mainly composed of glycoprotein, are organized in the intracellular structure of macrophages, they would be gradually oxidized to expose, through enolization, ethylenic double bonds which readily combine with unsaturated lipids, and thus the pigment obtains a sudanophilia on paraffin sections. Ceroid cannot be only a derivative of highly unsaturated fatty acids. ACTA PATH. JAP. 17: 439–456, 1967
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF PAPULOSE ATROPHIANTE MALIGNE The first case in Japan
Authors: OGAWA Katsuo , OHMOKI Masaki , KOBAYASHI Shoji , NOHABA Nozomi , TAKEKAKA Mamoru
Published: December 2008

A report was made on an 18‐year‐old girl who suffered from numerous papulous skin lesions and died of intestinal perforation. On the basis of the peculiar clinical and pathological findings, the patient was diagnosed as “papulose atrophiante maligne”, and its entity was discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 17: 457–463, 1967
SUBCUTANEOUS SARCOMAS INDUCED BY MITOMYCIN C IN MICE: Comparisons of Occurrence, Transplantability and Histology Between Sarcomas Induced by Actinomycin S and 3‐Methylcholanthrene*
Authors: IKEGAMI Eyoicni , AKAMATSU YasuyuM , HARUTA MicHo
Published: December 2008

Repeated subcutaneous injections of Mitomycin C at a level of 0.2yug in a saline solution per mouse successfully induced subcutaneous sarcomas after the treatment in btk male mice. Histologically and biologically similar tumors were induced in the same mice by repeated injection of Actinomycin and by a single injection of methylcholanthrene in shorter latent period. Mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis of the three different chemical agents were discussed, ACTA PATH. JAP, 17: 495–501, 1967
THREE CASES OF GRANULOMATOUS MYOCARDITIS WITH GIANT CELLS
Authors: SHIMADA Nobuo , ISHIHARA Yoshihiro , KOJIMA Akira , MOKIYASU Kazuo , HISHIMOTO Yoshiaki , TANIGUCHI Masaharu
Published: December 2008

Three autopsy cases of granulomatous myocarditis were presented, which showed numerous multinucleated giant cells and diffuse proliferation of collagenous tissue. The first case revealed limited lesions only in the myocardium and classified as isolated myocarditis. The second and third cases disclosed classical generalized sarcoidosis with emphasis of myocardial involvement. The interrelationship between these two entities was discussed. Giant cell myocarditis, a disease entity, should be differentiated from the myocardial manifestation of sarcoidosis. ACTA PATH.JAP. 17: 503–515, 1967
Morphological Features and Physical Analysis of Causative Factors
Authors: MIYAKE Masashi , YOKOYAMA Takeshi , YAMAGUCHI Kazuyoshi , HABA Mitsuru , SUGANO Haruo , KASUGA Tsutomu , MARUYAMA Takashi , INADA Tetauo
Published: December 2008

Materials from 213 autopsy cases collected by the Pathology Team of the Special Committee for Investigation of Effects of Atomic Bombs, the National Science Council of Japan, were reviewed and sequence of the events, especially in the bone marrow from cases dead between a few days and 120 days after the exposures, was discussed in the light of newer knowledges in radiation pathology. The regeneration of the hematopoiesis in the irradiated bone marrows appeared to initiate from some surviving differentiated marrow cells and not from the so‐called stem cells. Distorsion of the bone‐marrow structures may have some bearing to abnormal regeneration, hyperplasia and neoplasia of the marrow elements.
ELLIS‐van CREVELD SYNDROME
Authors: Hirokawa Katsuiku , Suzuki Soji
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of chondroectodermal dysplasia (Ellis‐van Creveld syndrome) was reported, in which the four major features (chondrodysplasia, ectodermal dysplasia, polydaktylia and heart anomaly) were all present. Cause of death was attributed to the congenital cardiac anomaly (cor triloculare biventriculare). No consanguity between parents was proved. Roentgenologic and histopathologic findings of the bone were described.
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF HUMAN ADRENAL CORTEX UNDER PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS*
Authors: Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: December 2008

The human adrenal cortex of 203 cases, surgically resected and obtained at autopsy, were investigated morphologically. As controls, 30 biopsy specimens were procured from the patients at operations for renal stones, tuberculosis, tumors and wandering kidneys.

The structural alterations in the human adrenal cortex under physiologic and pathologic conditions related to the functional phase were discussed. Among hyperadrenocorticism the pathologic changes of the adrenal cortex in Cushing's syndrome and adrenogenital syndrome were considered to be circumstantial evidence in favor of the theory of “functional zonation”. On the other hand, tumorous alteration of the cortex, especially aldosteronoma, was difficult to assign an origin to the cells. It was reasonable to consider that “secretory cytology” plays an important role to explain the endocrinologic significance in these tumors.

A morphologic comparison of nodular hyperplasia and adenoma in the adrenal cortex revealed that in some cases, these nodules preceded the development of cortical adenoma.
LIVER CHANGES IN HEPATOCEREBRAL DISEASE*
Authors: Shikata Toshio
Published: December 2008

An attempt of pathogenetic analysis of Wilson's disease and Inose's disease, the two most important varieties of hepatocerebral diseases, was made from the facette of the hepatic pathology. The liver changes of a total of 43 human autopsy cases(19 of Wilson's and 24 of Inose's disease) were reevaluated. Concurrently an attempt of experimental production in animals of hepatic lesions compatible with those of Wilson's disease was made.

Inose's special type of hepatocerebral disease is divided into two subgroups, a shunt form and a nutritional form. Cerebral damage in the shunt form is attributed to the portal‐systemic collaterals, while the clinicopathological survey of the cases with the nutritional form indicates that functional disturbances, related unbalanced diet or endocrine abnormality, seem to cause brain damage.

In Wilson's disease, three stages are noted from the analysis of the liver changes; fibrosis or monolobular cirrhosis in the first stage, submassive necrosis or active postnecrotic cirrhosis in the second stage and multilobular cirrhosis or arrested postnecrotic cirrhosis in the third stage. Experimentally, monolobular cirrhosis could be produced in animals by copper administration alone, whereas postnecrotic cirrhosis was first reproduced by a combination of copper administration and low protein diet, anti‐kidney serum, or copper nephrosis. It is suggested that for the development of postnecrotic cirrhosis in the second and third stages of Wilson's disease an additional factor other than copper is needed, and that this second factor may be the deficiency of SH‐ containing aminoacids.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF BILATERAL CORTICAL NECROSIS OF THE KIDNEYS
Authors: Tsukahara Yoshiharu , Taguchi Hachiro
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of bilateral cortical necrosis of the kidneys in a 38‐year‐old unipara is presented. She underwent premature separation of the placenta at the 33rd gestational week which was followed by oliguria and anuria, and terminated in uremia on the 13th hospital day. Spasm of the renal arterial wall was highly suspected as the cause of the bilateral cortical necrosis of the kidneys, and the circumscribed intlmal thickening was thought to be due to the organization of microthrombi which had been produced at the time of the previous attacks of vascular spasm. Participation of predisposition in which the renal arterial tree is susceptible to vascular spasm was suspected.
COLISTIN NEPHROTOXICITY: REPORT OF A CASE WITH LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES1
Authors: Ito Jishu , Johnson Warren W. , RoyIII Shane
Published: December 2008

A case of colistln nephrotoxicity without history of previous renal disease was studied by light and electron microscopy of a renal biopsy specimen obtained 11 days after discontinuation of the drug. The histologic picture showed variation from early acute necrosis to regeneration of the damaged renal epithelium. There appeared to be difference of susceptibility among individual tubular epithelial cells to sodium colistinmethanesulfonate in the development of nephrotoxicity. Morphological changes were essentially similar in both the proximal and distal tubules. Indentation of the nuclear membranes was conspicuous and appeared to be demonstrable earlier than the cytoplasmic alterations. ACTA PATH. JAP. 19: 55˜67, 1969.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF MULTIPLE INTRAPULMONARY ARTERY ANEURYSMS WITH SYSTEMIC THROMBOENDOPHLEBITIS, THE “HUGHES‐STOVIN SYNDROME”
Authors: Higuchi Masami , Kitamuba Shiro , Terada Ichiro
Published: December 2008

The first case of multiple intrapulmonary artery aneurysms with systemic thrombophlebitis in Japan was reported.

This case belongs to the category of the “Hughes‐Stovin syndrome” proposed by Kopp and Green. The clinical and pathological findings of this syndrome was briefly summarized. The main pathological change in the present case was systemic angitis, which appeared to be an underlying cause of the “Hughes‐Stovin syndrome”
NEURO‐BEHÇET'S SYNDROME: REPORT OF TWO AUTOPSY GASES
Authors: Sugihara Hajime , Mutoh Yoshihiro , Tsuchiyama Hideo
Published: December 2008

This report consists of two cases who died after a neurological disorder of the central nervous system consistent with Behcet's disease clinically and pathologically. Post‐mortem examination of the central nervous system revealed mild diffuse meningo‐ encephalitis with multiple foci of softening, demyelination and glial cell accumulation in the pons, midbrain, cerebral peduncle and internal capsule. The significance of these morphological findings has been discussed from an etiological viewpoint of Neuro‐Behcet's syndrome.
RETINOBLASTOMA WITH INTRACRANIAL EXTENSION ‐ AN AUTOPSY CASE WITH LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
Authors: Sato Kazuo , Fujikura Takashi , Kawai Sadao , Nukui Hideaki
Published: December 2008

A case of a 6‐year‐old girl with unilateral retinoblastoma with widespread dissemination into the subarachnoid space through the optic nerve is reported. The enucleated right eye showed advanced tumor growth characterized by exo‐ and endophytic invasion. The growth infiltrated through the lamina cribrosa and directly into the substance of the optic nerve. Extension into the central nervous system was through the optic nerve. The tumor consisted of only anaplastic cells and showed no tendency of rosette formation. Electron micrographs of the surgical specimen and necropsy material fixed with formalin suggested that tumor cells may be of primitive and anaplastic without any differentiation to glial or neuronal cells. The tumor is consistent with udnifferentiated retinoblastoma previously reported by Reese et al.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON GLOMERULAR LESIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Takebayashi Shigeo
Published: December 2008

Chronological and electron microscopic studies of glomerular lesions were carried out on four different experimental hypertension groups (renal hypertension by Goldblatt, adrenal regeneration hypertension, steroid‐induced hypertension and salt hypertension) and two control groups (intact group and salt treated nonhypertension group).

There was no essential difference in glomerular lesions among the four different experimental hypertension groups, and It was understood that morphological changes were consequent to the experimental methods and hypertension. The thickening of basement membrane of capillary loop was proportional to the duration of hypertension and was in no way related to the onset of hypertension. The basement membrane was undoubtedly thickened even in intact rats due to aging. The thickening of basement membrane in nonhypertensive salt treated animals appeared earlier than that in the intact group. “Mesangial cell proliferation” observed In experimental hypertension groups contained a great number of monocytes from hematogenous source which entered into the intercellular space between mesangial cells and endothelial cells. Colliculus (cytoplasmic projection of mesangial cell) had no special relationship to the elevation of blood pressure but indicated important suggestions concerning renostimulating factors and mesangial cell function.
PRIMARY RHABDOMYOSARCOMA OF THE PERICARDIUM
Authors: Ohta Goroku , Ohe Kunihiro , Nishino Tomoichi , Oda Kunio
Published: December 2008

An autopsy case of possible primary pericardial rhabdomyosarcoma is reported. The heart and the great vessels were encased completely by a dense layer of the tumorous tissue, obliterating the pericardial cavity. The endocardium was intact throughout. A few small areas of metastases were detected in two perigastric lymph nodes and the liver.
A HISTOPATHOLOGIC STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ALCOHOL ON CIRRHOSIS and HEPATOMA OF AUTOPSY CASES IN JAPAN*
Authors: Sakurai Masami
Published: December 2008

A statistical analysis of 4,032 consecutive autopsy cases revealed a great influence of alcohol, mainly Japanese rice wine, in the production of cirrhosis in Japan.

A histopathologic study of 647 cases of diseased and accidental deaths concludes that alcoholic effect on the liver due to Japanese rice wine is only mildly toxic. It is shown that the developmental pattern of cirrhosis in Japan is quite different from that in Europe. Many early nutritional type cirrhosis could develop into posthepatitic type cirrhosis in the late stage.

The influence of alcohol particularly Japanese rice wine to hepatoma is also discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 19: 283˜314, 1969.
FIBROMUSCULOSIS IN CHRONIC GASTRITIS
Authors: Kubo Toshio
Published: December 2008

Seven‐hundred‐and‐sixty‐four stomachs from the Japanese and 456 from the Americans, both autopsy and surgical materials inclusive, were studied histologically. There were seen, within an unexpectedly large proportion of cases, distortion and thickening of the muscularis mucosae. This change consisted of a proliferation of fibrous and muscular elements. The incidence of the lesion increased with the advance of age reaching 77.4 per cent in the 6th decade in autopsy cases in the Japanese, whereas in the Americans it was less than 20.0 per cent, thus making a sharp contrast. Its association with classical gastritic changes was a usual occurrence. The term “fibromusculosis” was proposed by the author for the lesion, on the ground that it would constitute one of the important anatomical features of chronic “Umbau‐gastritis”
A STATISTICAL STUDY ON MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CORONARY SCLEROSIS IN AUTOPSY MATERIALS IN JAPAN
Authors: Otsu Syoichi
Published: December 2008

This survey was performed by the Japanese Pathological Society and briefly reported at the 9th Conference of the International Society of Geographical Pathology. The materials consisted of 12,430 autopsies in colleges and several main hospitals in Japan. The number of cases with myocardial infarction was 817 (6.57%) in total, but 670 (6.10%) among 10,976 autopsies were examined further in detail. The incidence of cases with larger manifest infarction was 338 (3.08%) of 10,976 autopsies. The incidence of cases with myocardial infarction was found to be far less in Japan than in Europe and America. The incidence of both moderate and severe coronary sclerosis (G1 and G2) was considerably low (the frequency of C2 was 12.14%), while that was far higher in cases with myocardial infarction (64.5%). The frequency of coronary thrombosis in cases with manifest infarction was 29.9%, while that in non‐manifest one 3.0%. There were 191 cases with myocardial infarction regarded as the cause of death (28.5% of 670 cases), the majority of which, 183, belonged among cases with manifest infarction.
PATHOGENESIS OF OBLITERATING ENDARTERITIS IN STOMACH ULCER — ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY
Authors: Takebayashi Shigeo
Published: December 2008

Of recent years the cells proliferating in the intima of obliterating endarteritis which is noted in stomach ulcer have been concluded to be connective tissue consisting of fibroblasts. The present author observed electron microscopically seven lesions of obliterating endarteritis at various stages obtained from six cases of chronic stomach ulcer and found that the proliferating cells were all characteristically modified smooth muscle cells. There was no evidence that the cells are either fibroblasts, pre‐existing fibroblasts, maturation of immigrating mononuclear inflammatory cells or endothelial cells. The smooth muscle cells played the leading part in obliterating endarteritis as in intimal thickening due to arteriosclerosis. The arterial smooth muscle cells have many functions such as production of collagen fibers, elastic fibers and basement membrane as well as accumulation of lipid. In conclusion, it may well be said that the arterial smooth muscle cells play the most important role in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions of small arteries including inflammatory lesions morphologically.
EXPERIMENTAL AMYLOIDOSIS INDUCED BY IMMUNE COMPLEX OR HEAT DENATURED DNA
Authors: Kawaoi Akira , Utscki Yoshio
Published: December 2008

Amyloidosis of the liver, lymph nodes and spleen were induced in high frequency in the rabbits and mice sensitized with antigen‐antibody complex, HGG‐antiHGG complex, or heat denatured DNA (Calf thymus, SIGMA Co.).

The fine structural changes of the spleen were similar to those in the other experimental models previously reported.

Concurrent systemic vasculitis in these animals suggested the possibility of a disturbed immune mechanism as a common causative background.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF EWING'S SARCOMA —A CASE REPORT—
Authors: Takayama Shojiro , Sugawa Isao
Published: December 2008

Ewing's sarcoma originating from the 2nd lumbar vertebra, found in an autopsy case of a 12‐year‐old girl was investigated histologically and electron microscopically. The distinguished features of neoplastic cells of this case were phagocytosis, desmosomes, and abundant glycogen in their cytoplasm. The origin of neoplastic cells is assumed to be immature reticulum cells.
THREE CASES OF RHABDOMYOSARCOMA ORIGINATED FROM RELATIVELY UNUSUAL SITES
Authors: Tanaka Toshio , Harada Masaoki , Hara Masamichi , Sakai Toshiharu , Kikyo Shinzo
Published: December 2008

The present paper is a clinicopathological study of three cases of rhabdomyosarcoma originating from relatively unusual sites, in the neck, heart and peritesticular region. A review on the frequency of the original site for 114 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma reported in recent Japanese literatures revealed 3 originating from the neck (2.6%) 2 from the heart (1.8%), and 2 from the peri‐testicular region (1.8%).
DEMONSTRATION OF SPLENIC METALLOPHILIC CELLS IN BACTERIAL INFECTIOUS DISEASE
Authors: Katsuba Sukemoto , Satodate Ryoichi , Makita Yoshihisa
Published: December 2008

The present authors have studied the reticulum cells of the spleens in bacterial infectious cases with the silver impregnation method which was improved for the purpose of investigating reticuloendothelial cells. On the impregnated sections, the splenic reticulum cells were divided into the following four types; (1) branching, (2) polymorphic, (3) round, and (4) foamy. The polymorphic and round cells were considered to be branching types activated or mobilized. The polymorphic and round cells increased in the spleens of the infectious cases, except in those cases showing exhaustion of vital reaction.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF HYPERTROPHIED MYOCARDIUM OF RAT PRODUCED BY INJECTION OF MONOCROTALINE
Authors: KAJIHARA Hiroki
Published: December 2008

The right ventricular myocardium of the cor pulmonare in the rat induced by subcutaneous single injection of monocrotallne has been studied by electron microscope. The hypertrophy and wearing of myocardium was sequentially categorized into (1) preparatory stage, (2) hypertrophied stage, and (3) damaged stage.

Slightly enlarged and injured mitochondria and incomplete division of mitochondria were noticed in the first stage. An increase in number of mitochondria, appearance of giant mitochondria, many free ribosomes and small bundles of myofilaments were recognized in the second stage. In the third stage, mitochondria located in the subsarcolemmal region and between the myofibrils tended to migrate to the central portion of the muscle cell, and the myofibrils were simultaneously pushed away towards the plasma membrane. A large number of spherical, electron‐opaque granules, not containing acid phosphatase, were found in the enlarged central sarcoplasmic core. The transverse cell boundary was expansively widened at the intermediate junction and its space contained many small membrane‐limited particles. Injured cells, reduced in size, were isolated and localized in the tissue space. After degeneration of this cell, it is finally replaced by collagen fibers.
TWO AUTOPSY CASES OF CONGENITAL HYDRONEPHROSIS DUE TO URETERAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: KAMIYAMA Kynichi , KOMORI Alrira , MORI Wataru
Published: December 2008

Two autopsy cases of congenital hydronephrosis are reported, and a short comment was made concerning its pathogenesis.

One was unilateral and caused by membranous obstruction at the ureterovesical junction, and the other was bilateral and due to fibrous, cord‐like change of both ureters about 1–2 cm below the ureteropelvic junction. Comparative studies were made between our two cases and with cases which had been published so far in Japan and in some other countries. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 207–213, 1970.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF CONGENITAL LIPOID HYPERPLASIA OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: TSUTSUI Yoshihiro , HIRABAYASHI Norio , ITO Gen
Published: December 2008

A case of congenital lipoid hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex in a male baby with male external pseudohermaphroditism who died 79 days after birth was presented. Prominent clinical signs were recurrent vomiting, brown pigmentation of the skin and retardation of the growth. Histologically, the adrenal cortex was characterized by nodular hyperplasia of so‐called spongiocytes loaded with cholesterol ester.

Electron‐microscopic study showed that the spongiocytes were filled with numerous vacuoles of very low electron density. These cells also showed cytoplasmic degeneration as indicated by autophagosomes and myelin figures.

Chemical analysis of the adrenal tissue revealed that the total cholesterol was four times higher than that in the control, while the ratio of total to esterized form was not significantly different. ACTA PATH. JAP. 20: 227 ‐ 237, 1970.