bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Mine Water Quality Based on Bayesian Theory MODEL of AHP-EWM Combined Weighting Method
Authors: Yifei Liu  , Deming Zhang  , Chuanchen Wang
Published: April 2021

In view of the fuzziness and randomness of groundwater quality evaluation and the rationality and scientificityof the weight in the evaluation process, in order to establish an objective, scientific and convenient mine waterenvironment evaluation system and improve the accuracy of the evaluation results, AHP and EWM weight method arecombined to obtain the weight value, which is coupled with Bayesian water quality evaluation model. In this paper, sevenwater quality evaluation factors and ten groups of water samples are selected to analyze the application of mine water inShengquan coal mine, Shandong Province. At the same time, the single factor evaluation method, equal weightBayesian model and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are used to compare with the evaluation results to verifythe accuracy of the evaluation results of the model. The results show that the water quality evaluation model ofcombined weighted Bayesian model is reasonable for mine water quality evaluation, which not only distinguishes thedifference of each evaluation factor's contribution to water quality, but also makes a more accurate evaluation of waterquality, and the calculation process is simple, which avoids the complexity of multiple indicators of traditional methods,and provides a scientific basis for comprehensive utilization of mine water in mining area, so the evaluation method ispractical.
Four individuals' experiences during and following a psilocybin truffle retreat in the Netherlands
Authors: Lutkajtis Anna
Published: April 2021

This article reports on the experiences of four healthy individuals who attended a legal psilocybin truffle retreat in the Netherlands. The study employed a qualitative phenomenological approach, using semi-structured interviews to gain an understanding of participants' psilocybin experiences and their after-effects. The experiential themes that emerged from these case studies closely match themes that have been identified in previous studies of psilocybin, including variability of the experience, the presence of mystical-type features, significant changes to subjective sense of self, and a generalized sense of connectedness. Participants framed their narrative accounts around moments of key insight, and these insights were related to a sense of connection: to self, others, and to a broader relational ontology. Embodiment, currently an understudied topic in psychedelic research, also emerged as a theme. The case studies presented here provide preliminary evidence to suggest that for healthy individuals in a well-controlled and supportive retreat setting, a high dose of psilocybin can lead to enduring positive after-effects that last up to twelve months.
Frecuencia de alelo menor en predicción genómica para características de crecimiento en bovinos Suizo Europeo
Authors: Trujano-Chavez M. Z. , Valerio-Hernández J. E. , López-Ordaz R. , Ruíz-Flores A.
Published: April 2021

En el estudio se compararon umbrales de frecuencia del alelo menor durante el control de calidad de los genotipos, utilizando polimorfismos de nucleótido simple para predecir valores genómicos de características de crecimiento en bovinos Suizo Europeo. El análisis se realizó con 28,973 y 18,994 registros de pesos al nacimiento y destete, 12,835 polimorfismos de nucleótido simple y 300 animales. Las características se analizaron bajo el enfoque de evaluación genómica en un solo paso. Los criterios de comparación fueron: 1) jerarquización de valores genómicos: se estimaron coeficientes de correlación Spearman y Pearson entre valores genómicos predichos con frecuencia estándar del alelo menor (0.05) y niveles menores; 2) habilidad de predicción de los modelos: se realizó validación cruzada con cuatro repeticiones y se obtuvo el promedio de los coeficientes de correlación de los fenotipos reales contra predichos; y 3) coeficiente de regresión simple: los valores genómicos obtenidos con frecuencia del alelo menor estándar e inferiores, fueron las variables independiente y dependiente, respectivamente. El efecto del nivel de frecuencia del alelo menor en la jerarquización de los valores genómicos no fue importante (correlaciones mayores que 0.99, <2.2x10-16). La habilidad predictiva del modelo fue similar: 0.7 promedio. Los coeficientes de regresión fueron cercanos a uno (0.99, <2x10-16). Los resultados sugieren que una frecuencia del alelo menor entre 0.0 y 0.05, no altera las predicciones de valores genómicos en poblaciones pequeñas. Sin embargo, estos resultados son preliminares y susceptibles a cambios si el estudio se repite con un número de marcadores y animales mayor.
Promising areas of pharmacotherapy for obesity
Authors: Druzhilov M. A. , Kuznetsova T. Yu. , Chumakova G. A.
Published: April 2021

The increasing prevalence of obesity, accompanied by an increase in the frequency of metabolic disorders, hypertension, associated conditions and diseases, dictates the need to optimize preventive and therapeutic strategies of the health care system, including pharmacological approaches to correcting obesity and the related risk. The evolution of this area led both to the disappearance of drugs that increase the risks of cardiovascular events, cancer, mental disorders or having other pronounced adverse effects, and to the emergence of unique drugs that not only lead to a decrease in body mass index, but also allow multifactorial effect on various components of adiposopathy or visceral obesity, among which glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide is currently registered with the indication for obesity. In this regard, the study continues in this regard and other representatives of this class, as well as drugs from sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors group. Many other promising pharmacological agents are currently being studied, a review of which is presented in this article.
Epicardial adipose tissue thickness as a possible predictor of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with abdominal obesity
Authors: Druzhilov M. A. , Kuznetsova T. Yu.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To assess epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness using echocardiography as one of the possible predictors of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with abdominal obesity in prospective follow-up.

Material and methods. The study included 224 men (mean age, 49,1±2,4 years), without hypertension, carotid atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and symptoms of cardiovascular diseases, with abdominal obesity and SCORE risk <5%. The levels of albuminuria, lipid and glucose profiles, C-reactive protein, uric acid, blood creatinine, EAT thickness, ultrasound parameters of abdominal obesity and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) were assessed. At the follow-up end (mean duration, 48,2±4,8 months), repeated triplex ultrasound of the brachiocephalic arteries was performed.

Results. Patients with developed carotid atherosclerosis (n=70) had higher baseline values of blood pressure, fasting glycemia, C-reactive protein, as well as a higher incidence of prediabetes, hyperuricemia, and high-grade albuminuria. They were also distinguished by high values of EAT thickness (6,1±0,6 mm vs 5,0±1,0 mm, p <0,001), abdominal visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio (3,1±0,5 vs 2,7±0,6, p <0,05) and carotid extra-media thickness (0,64±0,08 mm vs 0,50±0,11 mm, p <0,01). According to multivariate logistic regression, EAT thickness was characterized by the maximum standardized regression coefficient (0,443, p <0,001), and the total percentage of correct mathematical model classifications was 88,2%. According to the ROC-analysis, the area under the curve was 0,86. With a cut-off value of EAT thickness of 5,9 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of the predictive model were 71,5% and 92,3%, respectively.

Conclusion. EAT thickness assessed by echocardiography, as a marker of the severity of visceral EAT, can serve as a predictor of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in persons with abdominal obesity and initially low cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE calculator. Patients with verified epicardial visceral obesity require more active preventive measures.
Associations of adipocytokine expression and cardiovascular risk factors in stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Belik E. V. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Dyleva Yu. A. , Borodkina D. A. , Sinitsky M. Yu. , Bychkova E. E. , Palicheva E. I.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To determine the expression of adiponectin, leptin and I interleukin-6 (IL-6) in subcutaneous, epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue, depending on the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.

Material and methods. The study included 90 patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Samples of adipose tissue were obtained during surgery. The levels of matrix ribonucleic acid (mRNA) of the studied adipocytokines were determined in the presence/absence of the main cardiovascular risk factors.

Results. Differences in the expression of genes of the studied adipocytokines in different sex and age groups of patients were revealed, depending on the tissue belonging of adipocytes. Expression of adiponectin in the epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue (EАT and PVAT, respectively), as well as of leptin in the PVAT was less pronounced in men. However, the level of IL-6 mRNA in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of men was three times higher than in women, and in the PVAT it was lower. The maximum expression of leptin and IL-6 in the EAT and PVAT was found in persons aged 50-59 years. The presence of dyslipidemia is associated with a decrease in the expression of adiponectin in the EAT, PVAT, and IL-6 in the PVAT. In patients with hypertension (HTN), there was a low level of adiponectin mRNA in the EAT against the background of high leptin levels in the EAT and IL-6 in SAT and EAT. In hypertension with a duration of more than 20 years, there was a decrease in adiponectin expression and an increase in leptin in all types of AT. In smokers, an increase in the expression of adiponectin in the SAT, EAT, PVAT and leptin in the SAT, EAT was found.

Conclusion. Associations of traditional cardiovascular risk factors with imbalance of adipocytokines of local fat depots in patients with CAD were revealed. The detected imbalance is manifested by a decrease in the expression of cardioprotective adiponectin in the EAT, PVAT, an increase in leptin and IL-6, which is an unfavorable sign. The presence of such risk factors as male sex, age of 50-59 years, dyslipidemia and hypertension in patients can enhance atherogenesis and contribute to the further progression of CAD.
The role of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond glucose-lowering to cardio-renal protection
Authors: Karalliedde J.
Published: April 2021

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and kidney disease. This enhanced cardio-renal risk persists despite improvements in care and treatments over the last 20 years. Intensive glucose control alone does not substantially reduce the risk of CVD and end stage kidney disease (ESKD). However, in 2015 the landmark EMPA-REG trial demonstrated for the first time the benefits of Empagliflozin a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor on CVD events and mortality in people with T2DM. Since this trial several other SGLT2 Inhibitors including Dapagliflozin and Canagliflozin have demonstrated CVD benefits. SGLT2 inhibitors have also demonstrated significant reductions in the risk of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and ESKD. As a consequence of this growing evidence, there has been a shift in the focus of care in T2DM from glucose management to preservation of organ function. SGLT2 inhibitors have emerged as key treatment to reduce CVD, HHF and prevent progression of kidney disease. The benefits for reducing HHF and preventing ESKD have been observed in people with and without T2DM in large randomised controlled clinical trials. In T2DM the positive effects of SGLT2 inhibitors occur early and are independent of their glucose lowering effects. It is vital that all clinicians recognise the remarkable benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors and use this important class of drugs promptly and early to prevent CVD, HHF and ESKD.
Diuretics for hypertension from the perspective of novel clinical guidelines and meta-analyzes
Authors: Nedogoda S. V.
Published: April 2021

A review of the efficacy and safety of diuretics in hypertension was carried out from the standpoint of current clinical guidelines. Also, updated data from metaanalyzes of the efficacy and metabolic effects of diuretic therapy were reviewed. Currently, a more differentiated approach to the appointment of a specific diuretic as part of antihypertensive therapy, taking into account the effect on endpoints and metabolic effects, seems relevant.
Risk factors and diagnostic significance of the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide as a marker in patients with acute decompensated heart failure and diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Koziolova N. A. , Veklich A. S.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To assess the risk factors and diagnostic significance of the N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Material and methods. A total of 125 patients with ADHF and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were examined. They were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence/ absence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The first group consisted of 43 (34,4%) patients with DKD, the second — 82 (65,6%) without CKD. The inclusion criterion was the presence of ADHF and T2D. There were following exclusion criteria: cardiogenic shock, pulmonary edema, acute thromboembolic events, type 1 diabetes, prediabetes, acute coronary syndrome, stroke, prior transient ischemic attack (<1 month old), dissecting aneurysm or aortic dissection, acute valvular disorders, major surgery (<1 month old), cardiac trauma, infective endocarditis, acute hepatitis and cirrhosis, terminal CKD, alcohol abuse, non-cardiac edema, cancer, dementia and mental disorders.

Results. With the development of a hypertensive crisis and an increase in diastolic blood pressure >100 mm Hg, the odds ratio (OR) and the relative risk (RR) of ADHF in patients with DKD increases by 5,1 and 4,5 times, 2,5 and 1,8 times, respectively. In the presence of grade III-V premature ventricular contractions, OR and RR of ADHF in patients with DKD were 2,6 and 1,9, respectively. OR and RR of ADHD in patients with DKD and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack were 3,8 and 3,2, respectively. Verification of anemia at a hemoglobin level of 5 mmol/l, the OR of ADHF in patients with DKD increases by 3,7 times, the OR — by 2,3 times. The NT-proBNP >1289 pg/ml is diagnostic for verifying ADHF in DKD patients with the sensitivity of 64,3% and specificity of 93,3%.

Conclusion. Every third patient with ADHF and T2D is diagnosed with DKD. A certain range of risk factors for the development of ADHF in patients with DKD has been identified. As the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the NT-proBNP level increases. With a decrease in GFR of 60 ml/min/1,73 m2 in patients with T2D, the diagnostic value of NT-proBNP >1289 pg/ml should be considered to verify ADF.
Biomarkers of inflammation, parameters characterizing obesity and cardiac remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ionin V. A. , Baraschkova E. I. , Zaslavskaya E. L. , Nifontov S. E. , Bazhenova E. A. , Belyaeva O. D. , Baranova E. I.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To determine the blood level of inflammatory markers, parameters characterizing obesity and cardiac remodeling in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in combination with metabolic syndrome (MS).

Material and methods. This single-stage case-control study included 677 subjects aged 35 to 65 years: patients with MS (n=407), of which 128 patients with AF; comparison group — patients with AF without MS (n=75); control group — practically healthy subjects without cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders (n=195).

Results. It was found that the blood concentration of circulating pro-inflammatory biomarkers in patients with AF and MS is higher than in patients with AF without MS: C-reactive protein (CRP) (4,43 (2,68-4,98) and 2,33 (1,08-4,7) mg/L, p<0,0001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (2,5 (1,28-5,13) and 1,27 (0,68-2,7) pg/ml, p<0,0001) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (5,18 (2,63-7,32) and 3,42 (2,115,48) pg/ml, p<0,0001). The serum CRP concentration positively correlates with left (ρ=0,451, p<0,0001) and right atrial (ρ=0,412, p<0,000) volumes, as well as with the waist circumference (ρ=0,503, p<0,001) and epicardial fat thickness (ρ=0,550, p<0,001). Plasma IL-6 and serum TNF-α levels correlated to a lesser extent with parameters characterizing atrial remodeling, but had a strong positive relationship with epicardial fat thickness. According to multivariate analysis, it was found that an increase in the epicardial fat thickness had a greater effect on an increase in blood concentration of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α, in contrast to other parameters characterizing obesity, such as body mass index and waist circumference.

Conclusion. An increase in the blood concentration of proinflammatory biomarkers CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α is associated with cardiac remodeling and epicardial fat thickness in patients with MS and probably has a pathogenetic role in increasing the AF risk in this cohort of patients.
Novel diagnostic criteria for atrial cardiomyopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Polyanskaya E. A. , Veklich A. S. , Koziolova N. A.
Published: April 2021

Aim. To determine additional diagnostic criteria for atrial cardiomyopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and paroxysmal/persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).

Material and methods. This cross-sectional screening clinical study included 80 patients with AF and T2D, who were divided into 2 groups depending on the left (LAVI) or right atrial volume index (RAVI) according to echocardiography: the first group included 49 patients with increased LAVI, while the second — 31 patients without changes in LAVI and RAVI. Inclusion criteria were presence of paroxysmal or persistent AF, T2D, age up to 65 years. There were following exclusion criteria: current smoking and less than 1 year old, the presence of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, heart failure, implanted artificial pacemaker, prior radiofrequency ablation; valvular heart disease and prosthetics; acute myocarditis, infective endocarditis, hypertrophic, dilated, and restrictive cardiomyopathies, storage diseases, severe liver diseases; thyroid disorders; cancer; acute inflammatory and infectious diseases; alcohol abuse, dementia and mental illness.

Results. The groups did not differ significantly in terms of sex, age, cardiovascular risk factors, risk of stroke and bleeding when using anticoagulants, clinical and laboratory parameters, and the structure of drug therapy. The following parameters significant differ between the groups: LAVI (according to study design), mid-regional pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculated by creatinine, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1). For MR-proANP, GFR, TIMP-1, ROC curves were created in order to determine its clinical significance and operational characteristics of parameters. GFR, as a diagnostic criterion, showed unsatisfactory clinical significance when constructing the ROC curve: AUC (area under the curve) was 0,38. The MR-proANP of 62,3-85 pmol/L and TIMP-1 of 156 ng/ml and higher allows verification of atrial cardiomyopathy in patients with T2D and AF at AUC of 0,83 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0,73; 0,92) and 0,90 (95% CI, 0,83; 0,98), respectively.

Conclusion. The blood MR-proANP concentration of 62,3-85 pmol/L is diagnostic for atrial cardiomyopathy in patients with T2D and AF with the sensitivity and specificity of 96,8% and 75,5%, respectively, while TIMP-1 values of 156 ng/ml and above had the sensitivity and specificity of 90,3% and 87,8%, respectively.
The year in cardiovascular medicine 2020: digital health and innovation
Authors: Antoniades Ch. , Asselbergs F. W. , Vardas P.
Published: April 2021

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Historical Testimonies of the Presence of Armenian Monks in Holy Mount Athos in 9th–18th Centuries
Authors: Kazaryan G. S.
Published: April 2021

Holy Mount Athos — one of the biggest centers of Orthodox monasticism, from the first days of its formation appeared to be the place of asceticism for Armenian monks as well. Thus, one of the first ascetics of Athos was St. Joseph Myroblyte (9th cent.) — Armenian by nationality. Further influx of Armenian monks to the Holy Mount is observed in the 10th and 11th centuries. The last testimony of activity of Armenian Hagiorites refers the second half of 18th cent. This article for the first time attempts to bring together and analyze historical evidences, in order to give a more general and a more comprehensive picture of Armenian monks’ presence in Athos from 9th to 18th centuries.
Questionnaire for assessing patient safety culture in emergency services: an integrative review
Authors: Torrente Gisele , Barbosa Sayonara de Fátima Faria
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the instruments used to assess patient safety culture in emergency settings. Method: an integrative literature review conducted from 2000 to 2018. Results: 13 instruments were identified to assess patient safety culture in hospital and pre-hospital emergencies, comprising 12 to 50 questions, grouped from three to 12 dimensions, with dimensions related to teamwork, support, and management actions for patient safety and for continuous process improvement and continuing education. The Emergency Medical Service Safety Attitude Questionnaire, which is exclusive for pre-hospital care, stands out. Conclusions: the choice and the best decision regarding the instrument are linked to the objectives, the environment and the population to be investigated, as well as the instrument’s reliability.
Practices used by a home care team: implications for caregivers
Authors: Silva Yara Cardoso , Silva Kênia Lara , Velloso Isabela Silva Câncio
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the practices of a home care team and their implications for caregivers’ performance. Methods: qualitative study with data obtained from observation of 21 users, 30 caregivers and 6 professionals from the home health care service in a municipality in Minas Gerais, from February to June 2018. The material was analyzed from the perspective of discourse analysis according to Michel Foucault. Results: team interference upon caregivers is exercised by disciplinary practices and prescriptive, authoritative and surveilling behaviors. The team’s knowledge-power relationship determines caregivers’ acceptance through convincing or through difficulty of understanding assigned orientations. Educational practices would enable caregivers to be constituted as active, participative, empowered and reflective subjects. Final Considerations: team practices interfere with caregivers’ ways of acting and being and they have implications in objectification and subjectification processes.
Ideação suicida como fator associado à síndrome de Burnout em estudantes de Medicina
Authors: Carro Ana Carolina , Nunes Rodrigo Dias
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar a prevalência e fatores associados à síndrome de Burnout nos estudantes de Medicina. Métodos Estudo transversal com estudantes de Medicina de uma instituição privada de ensino na região Sul do Brasil. Utilizou-se o Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey para a identificação da síndrome e um instrumento para a coleta de informações sociodemográficas, hábitos, rotina e situação acadêmica. Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados e avaliaram-se associações entre as informações obtidas a partir do instrumento de coleta com a presença da síndrome de Burnout, utilizando-se razões de prevalência por meio do teste qui-quadrado ou teste de Fisher. Associações com valor de p < 0,25 foram inseridas em um modelo multivariado, em formato step-forward, utilizando-se regressão de Poisson. Foram consideradas significativas associações com valor de p < 0,05. Resultado Quinhentos e vinte e dois (88,2%) alunos participaram da pesquisa. A prevalência da síndrome de Burnout foi de 12,3%. As associações com síndrome de Burnout que possuíram valor de p < 0,25 foram “não viver com parceiro”, “residir sozinho”, “dormir até cinco horas por dia”, “ter até cinco horas semanais de lazer”, “possuir pensamento suicida” e “realizar acompanhamento psicológico”. Após inserir essas variáveis no modelo multivariado, identificou-se apenas 10% de maior probabilidade de síndrome de Burnout no estudante que relatou pensamento suicida, sendo esse o único fator associado encontrado à ocorrência de burnout (p < 0,001). Conclusão A prevalência de síndrome de Burnout entre os acadêmicos de Medicina foi de 12,3%, e apenas a presença de pensamentos suicidas durante o curso foi associada à sua ocorrência.
Ansiedade social: adaptação e evidências de validade da forma curta da Social Interaction Anxiety Scale e da Social Phobia Scale para o Brasil
Authors: Ramos Mozer de Miranda , Cerqueira-Santos Elder
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivo A ansiedade social é um transtorno psicológico pouco publicizado, mas com importante distribuição epidemiológica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo adaptar para o contexto brasileiro as versões reduzidas da Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) e da Social Phobia Scale (SPS) (SIAS-6 e SPS-6) e produzir evidências de validade. Essas escalas avaliam ansiedade em interações sociais e ansiedade social diante da possibilidade de escrutínio por outras pessoas, sendo complementares. Métodos Como são escalas com reconhecido uso internacional, a adaptação para o Brasil pode trazer contribuições para as investigações clínicas e científicas acerca do transtorno de ansiedade social. Foram realizados processos criteriosos para a adaptação (tradução, avaliação por juízes, retrotradução, avaliação pelo público-alvo) e conduzido um levantamento on-line com 1.049 pessoas, maiores de 18 anos, com média de idade de 25,98 anos (DP = 7,55). Resultados Utilizaram-se Análises Fatoriais Confirmatórias e, desse modo, constatou-se que os índices de ajuste produzidos são, em geral, adequados (SRMR < 0,04, CFI > 0,96, TLI > 0,94 e RMSEA < 0,05) e que os itens possuem cargas fatoriais adequadas (entre 0,441 e 0,837). As evidências de validade discriminante também se mostraram satisfatórias, conseguindo diferenciar grupos por renda e orientação sexual, como esperado pela literatura. Conclusões Os resultados sugerem que as escalas são adequadas para uso no Brasil, tanto para uso em separado como para uso combinado, como fatores correlacionados.
Comportamento alimentar e imagem corporal em universitários da área de saúde
Authors: Santos Mariana Martins dos , Moura Patrícia Soares de , Flauzino Pabyle Alves , Alvarenga Marle dos Santos , Arruda Soraia Pinheiro Machado , Carioca Antonio Augusto Ferreira
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a associação da imagem corporal e o comportamento alimentar de universitários de uma capital do Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos Participaram da pesquisa universitários (n = 1570) da área da saúde de ambos os sexos, de quatro instituições de ensino superior. As dimensões da imagem corporal (i.e., perceptiva e atitudinal) foram avaliadas por meio da Escala de Silhuetas para adultos brasileiros; e o comportamento alimentar por meio da versão brasileira do Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). Para a avaliação do estado nutricional, foram coletados peso corporal e estatura de modo autorreportado. A análise de associação foi feita pela regressão linear múltipla, após estratificação por sexo. Resultados Notou-se maior prevalência de universitárias do sexo feminino (72,9%), com idade média de 21,8 (DP = 4,1) anos. Foi encontrada associação entre percepção e (in)satisfação corporal com o comportamento alimentar em ambos os sexos. As mulheres que superestimaram o tamanho corporal obtiveram associação inversa com a dimensão alimentar restritiva (p = 0,001); e as insatisfeitas por magreza, associação direta entre alimentação restritiva; e inversa com o comportamento emocional (p < 0,001). Os homens que superestimaram seu tamanho corporal evidenciaram associação direta com a alimentação emocional; e entre os insatisfeitos por excesso de peso houve associação direta com a dimensão emocional (p = 0,032) e global (p = 0,046) do comportamento alimentar. Conclusões O presente estudo demonstra que a imagem corporal negativa, considerando as duas dimensões avaliadas (i.e., perceptiva e atitudinal), foi associada ao comportamento alimentar entre universitários de ambos os sexos.
Tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e os fatores associados em estudantes de medicina
Authors: Scapim João Pedro Resende , Fernandes Rita de Cássia Pereira , Fortes Daniel Albuquerque , Cunha Carolina Martinho
Published: April 2021

RESUMO Objetivos Descrever a prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas entre estudantes de Medicina. Estimar a prevalência de tabagismo. Métodos Corte transversal com questionário autoaplicado a todos os estudantes de Medicina de uma universidade pública na Bahia (n = 616), matriculados do primeiro ao oitavo semestre. Análise multivariada por meio de Regressão de Cox identificou os fatores associados ao uso de bebidas alcoólicas, por meio de três desfechos: presença e frequência de uso e o padrão de uso denominado binge drinking. Resultados Foram estudados 556 estudantes (90,2% de resposta), entre os quais 58,7% bebem, 21% consomem álcool com uma frequência de pelo menos uma vez por semana e 36% fazem binge drinking. O público masculino e os mais ativos fisicamente no lazer apresentaram maiores prevalências de uso de bebidas alcoólicas, seja pela maior frequência de uso ou uso de mais doses em uma ocasião. Variáveis escolares se associaram a uma ou outra modalidade de mensuração do uso de álcool. A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 4,8%. Conclusão O uso de bebidas alcoólicas e seu padrão de consumo foram altos na população estudada, consistente com outras populações de estudantes já investigadas. A baixa prevalência de tabagismo é consistente com a literatura, que admite o êxito de políticas públicas destinadas ao controle desse consumo no Brasil.
Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety among university students of health sciences in Brazil: findings and implications
Authors: Alves Júlia Vasconcelos de Sá , Paula Waléria de , Netto Patrícia Ribeiro Rezende , Godman Brian , Nascimento Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do , Coura-Vital Wendel
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective The aim was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety disorders among university students of health sciences at Federal University of Ouro Preto, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study between March to June 2019. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire including sociodemographic, academic, family and behavioral issues. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to assess anxiety. Estimates were obtained through the prevalence ratio and Poisson multivariate analysis. Results Four hundred and ninety-three students participated with a mean age of 23.1 and predominantly women (79.9%). All students had some degree of anxiety, with the frequency of the severe, moderate and mild forms being 28.0%, 29.8% and 27.0%, respectively. The factors associated with anxiety included having suffered psychological and/or physical violence in childhood, having suicidal thoughts, having a deceased parent, living with parents, being dissatisfied with the course and being in the exam period. Conclusions The prevalence of anxiety was high in our study and family problems prior to entering university seem to significantly influence the degree of anxiety, which may compromise the student’s academic and social performance.
Unnecessarily prolonged suffering: a case of missed diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder in a teaching hospital
Authors: Oliveira Roseli de , Mendlowicz Mauro Vitor , Berger William , Luz Mariana Pires da , Marques-Portella Carla , Figueira Ivan , Araújo Alexandre Xavier Gomes de
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT We described a case in which a heavily-traumatized patient had been under psychiatric treatment for seven years (five of them in a university mental health clinic) but was never diagnosed with PTSD and, therefore, did not receive the proper treatment for a very long period. After the correct diagnosis was made and personalized treatment instituted, the patient has shown marked improvement in functionality and wellbeing. The key element in this case, was the adequacy of psychiatric training. Our report suggests that psychiatrists are not being adequately trained to identify traumatic events and to diagnose atypical cases of PTSD. With that in mind, we emphasize that theoretical modules on trauma and trauma-related disorders and practical training in specialized PTSD clinics should be incorporated into the psychiatric residency training programs wherever they may be missing, particularly in countries most impacted by violence. Furthermore, continuing medical education on trauma and PTSD should be provided by medical associations and journals to keep physicians updated on recent progress in the field.
Weight stigma and health – Repercussions on the health of adolescents and adults: integrative review of the literature
Authors: Siqueira Bruna Barbosa , Assumpção Marina Cunha , Barroso Sabrina Martins , Japur Camila Cremonezi , Penaforte Fernanda Rodrigues de Oliveira
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT Objective To conduct an integrative review in order to understand the repercussions of the social stigma of overweight on the health of adults and adolescents. Methods The international protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis studies PRISMA was adopted to guide the writing of this review. The databases used were PubMed, Psycinfo, SciELO, Medline, Lilacs and Pepsic, considering studies published in the period from 2000 to 2020. Sixty-seven (67) articles were analyzed, and 4 categories emerged: repercussions on physical well-being; repercussions on social well-being; repercussions on mental well-being; and mixed category (physical and psychological impact). Results In the vast majority of studies analyzed, weight stigma had a negative impact on the different spheres that make up the health construct, that is, the physical, social and mental spheres. Conclusions The consequences of weight stigma are a source of intense suffering, with an impact that reduces the quality of life of individuals who experience stigmatization, involving physical, emotional and social aspects.
Barreras y factores asociados al uso de mecanismos de coordinación entre niveles de atención en México
Authors: López-Vázquez Julieta , Pérez-Martínez Damián Eduardo , Vargas Ingrid , Vázquez María-Luisa
Published: April 2021

Resumen: El objetivo fue analizar el nivel y caracterizar el uso de mecanismos de coordinación clínica entre niveles de atención, y sus factores asociados, en dos redes públicas de servicios de salud en México. Se realizó estudio transversal mediante el cuestionario COORDENA a médicos de atención primaria y especializada del estado de Veracruz. Se encontraron diferencias entre redes y niveles de atención, según el mecanismo. En ambas, la referencia/contrarreferencia es sobre todo utilizada para canalizar al paciente a otro nivel, principalmente por parte de los médicos de atención primaria. Se identificó una alta recepción de referencias por especialistas, pero escasa recepción de contrarreferencias en atención primaria. Ser hombre y reconocer al médico/a de atención primaria como responsable del seguimiento del paciente en su trayectoria asistencial, fueron factores asociados al envío frecuente de la contrarreferencia por especialistas. El informe de alta se utiliza en ambas redes para enviar información clínica al otro nivel, con mayor envío por médicos/as especialistas, y con menor recepción en atención primaria. En ambas redes, el seguimiento a las recomendaciones de los mecanismos para estandarizar la atención clínica (guías de práctica clínica, etc.) por parte médicos/as de atención primaria que de especializada. La utilización de mecanismos de coordinación entre niveles de atención es deficiente y limitada, con mayor uso de mecanismos para transferir información que para la gestión clínica. Se evidencia la necesidad de implementar estrategias que consideren la participación de los profesionales, para favorecer la adaptación local, apropiación y mejorar su uso.
Physical disability, rehabilitation, and health promotion: a case study in Brazil
Authors: Mendes Marcelo Simões , Fernandez Juan Carlos Aneiros
Published: April 2021

Reflecting on the health promotion for people with physical impairments implies considering the specificities and meanings attributed to the life experience of each subject throughout their careers. As such, this study was designed to investigate the experience of a man with an acquired physical disability after an accident that damaged his spine. This injury caused a permanent inability to move his legs. It is a case study that used the life history technique to capture its experience. The participant was born in a rural context, and since he was a child, he had to work to help his family. At the age of 16, he started working as a chainsaw operator, and at 24, a tree fell on his back, breaking his spine and leaving him without the movements and sensitivities of his legs. The trauma experienced by the participant caused profound changes in his life. The results demonstrated that the participant’s experience does not align with the traditional experiences found in the literature in general, as the concept of biographical rupture. Sport was a vital collaboration mechanism in the rehabilitation process. Concerning health and illness, there are many spaces in the subject’s experience that collaborate to expand the compression on health promotion paths. The need to depathologize the gaze on the subject’s conditions is highlighted so that the understanding of health promotion processes can be amplified or reconsidered.
LA ESPACIALIDAD ESCOLAR, LECTURAS EN FOCO Y DESPLAZAMIENTOS EN LA (DE)CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UN OBJETO
Authors: CASTRO ALEJANDRA MARÍA
Published: April 2021

RESÚMEN: El espacio escolar es una dimensión sustantiva de las formas y las culturas escolares que necesita ser abordado en su complejidad y en las (des)articulaciones con procesos pedagógicos, sociales y culturales de las instituciones educativas, las políticas educativas y el contexto social. En este trabajo se presentan, en una primera parte, algunas perspectivas teórico-metodológicas y categorías analíticas con el propósito de ampliar y profundizar en su conocimiento. Estas herramientas se construyeron con aportes de las ciencias sociales, en particular de la geografía crítica y postestructuralista, en un proceso que incluye, asimismo, intervenciones y reflexiones interdisciplinarias entre pedagogos, arquitectos y diseñadores industriales en el marco de proyectos de investigación en la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. En una segunda parte, se ponen en juego estas categorías analíticas con los procesos de escolarización y se plantean algunas reflexiones e interrogaciones en torno a los desafíos que implica la ampliación de derecho a la educación en clave espacial.
EL AULA REVISITADA: LA INNOVACIÓN DE LOS ESPACIOS EDUCATIVOS DESDE UN ENFOQUE COMUNICATIVO
Authors: GUTIÉRREZ DANIEL HERNÁNDEZ
Published: April 2021

RESUMEN: En las últimas dos décadas se aprecia un interés creciente por el tema de los espacios educativos debido a los proyectos empíricos que han ido ganando terreno y se han adoptado, de manera global, en diversas instituciones educativas. No obstante, parecen pocos los aportes que se pueden sustraer del campo comunicativo cuando se examinan los fundamentos teórico conceptuales de esta temática. El presente texto es una revisión crítica sobre estudios de espacios educativos con el objetivo de incorporar al debate académico algunos elementos propios de la comunicación y, con ello, reforzar los marcos interpretativos de este fenómeno. La metodología propuesta es de corte documental mediante análisis discursivo y observación de cuatro proyectos vinculados con la innovación del aula. Principalmente, se hace notar que se está procurando cambiar el modelo comunicativo unidireccional o análogo -metafóricamente hablando- que impera en las aulas convencionales, al igual que propiciar espacios mayormente vinculados con la cultura digital expresada en los modos de interacción y apropiación de los jóvenes. En este sentido, la comunicación educativa puede aportar conceptualizaciones amplias para enriquecer las investigaciones sobre espacios educativos.
Evaluation of hip joint laxity in crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous)
Authors: Castilho Maíra S. , Rahal Sheila C. , Mamprim Maria J. , Inamassu Letícia R. , Dias Neto Ramiro N. , Melchert Alessandra , Matsubara Lídia M. , Mesquita Luciane R.
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT: Like canids, crab-eating foxes may probably be predisposed to similar orthopedic diseases of domestic dogs, such as hip dysplasia. However, for the adequate hip dysplasia diagnosis in wild animals, the normality characteristics of each species must be determined. This study aimed to estimate radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) values of hip joint laxity in healthy crab-eating foxes. Fifteen intact crab-eating foxes, eight males and seven females, ages 1 to 5 and mean body mass of 6.66kg were used. Norberg angle (NA) was calculated from ventrodorsal hip-extended radiographs. To calculate the dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) score, the center distance (CD) index, the lateral center edge angle (LCEA), and the dorsal acetabular rim angle (DARA), measurements obtained from transverse CT images were used. No statistically significant differences were observed between the right and left sides in the radiographic and tomographic parameters. The mean NA was 107.57°. The mean DLS score, the CD index, the LCEA, and the DARA were 60.79%, 0.16, 98.25° and 13.47°, respectively. The data obtained are helpful in characterizing mean values of the hip joint in healthy crab-eating foxes, and can contribute to the knowledge of the species.
Situaciones que Originan Emociones en Estudiantes de Matemáticas
Authors: García-González María S. , Ramírez-Gómez Brenda , Navarro-Sandoval Catalina
Published: April 2021

Resumen A fin de ampliar la comprensión sobre las situaciones que originan emociones de estudiantes de bachillerato mexicano, se planteó una investigación a manera de replicación de los estudios realizados por Martínez-Sierra y García-González (2014; 2017). Para tal efecto, se modificó solamente la modalidad de bachillerato, y se conservó el marco teórico-metodológico del estudio original, por lo que la teoría de la Estructura Cognitiva de las Emociones guio la recolección y el análisis de datos. Con base en los hallazgos, podemos decir que la modalidad del bachillerato no influye las emociones de los estudiantes, pues se encontraron emociones y situaciones desencadenantes parecidas al estudio original. Al parecer, las metas académicas que se plantea el estudiante son las que desencadenan sus emociones, si éstas se cumplen las emociones que se experimentan son positivas, de lo contrario son negativas, resultado que refuerza los hallazgos del estudio original. Las situaciones desencadenantes encontradas fueron: 1) entender los temas, 2) las preguntas y tareas en clase, 3) acreditar la materia, 4) resolver problemas, 5) comprender los temas, 6) el interés por las matemáticas y 7) la dificultad de las matemáticas, éstas originan ocho tipos de emociones, miedo, esperanza, júbilo, congoja, reproche, autorreproche, agrado y desagrado.
Definições e Critérios para o Uso de Textos Originais na Articulação entre História e Ensino de Matemática
Authors: Silva Isabelle Coelho da , Pereira Ana Carolina Costa
Published: April 2021

Resumo O estudo de textos originais, em sala de aula, é uma iniciativa que vem ganhando espaço dentre as publicações sobre a articulação entre História e Ensino de Matemática. Nesse sentido, surgiu a necessidade de discutir o papel que esse material desempenha nesse contexto, salientando quais critérios e definições devem ser considerados para o seu uso, um debate que, ainda, não tinha sido realizado pelos estudiosos brasileiros. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo principal investigar o uso de textos originais para o ensino de Matemática, através do delineamento das definições que permeiam esse material e dos critérios elencados para essa utilização. Para isso, foi adotada uma metodologia qualitativa de cunho bibliográfico, a fim de selecionar e analisar a literatura sobre o tema, visando listar os critérios para o uso de originais em sala de aula e fornecer um suporte teórico para os educadores matemáticos que realizam pesquisas nesse campo. Dessa forma, foram elencados sete critérios: a escolha do material; a forma de utilização; a intencionalidade; a série ou nível escolar; o tratamento didático; o momento de utilização e a perspectiva historiográfica escolhida. Esses foram os critérios encontrados dentro do período de realização dessa pesquisa, mas existe a possibilidade de novos serem elencados em um outro estudo, com leituras distintas ou mais aprofundadas. Contudo, a partir deles, pôde-se concluir que, antes de utilizar um original, é necessário ponderar sobre as questões de uso desse material e, com os critérios selecionados, será possível embasar essa discussão e outras pesquisas sobre o assunto.
Concepções de Gestores sobre a Satisfação com o Curso e a Adaptação à Universidade de Estudantes de Matemática
Authors: Sousa Bruno de Alcântara , Soares Adriana Benevides
Published: April 2021

Resumo Este estudo objetivou identificar as concepções de gestores sobre a satisfação com o curso e a adaptação acadêmica ao contexto universitário dos alunos do curso de Matemática. Participaram 10 gestores de cursos de Matemática, sendo seis de universidades públicas e quatro de privadas, da região metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi realizada entrevista individual com 12 perguntas abertas sobre satisfação com o curso e adaptação à universidade. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o software Iramuteq. Foram analisados 285 segmentos de texto, sendo que a partir da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente foram retidos 77,9% (222 unidades) da totalidade dos textos analisados. Os dados obtidos sugeriram quatro Classes (Orientação Acadêmica, Desconhecimento da Matemática, Condições de Estudo e Adesão ao Curso) compondo o tema Concepções dos Gestores. A pesquisa contribui para melhor elucidação de como pensam os gestores do curso de Matemática no que diz respeito aos diferentes aspectos do ambiente acadêmico, ampliando, assim, as discussões sobre novas políticas nas instituições de Ensino Superior que possam minimizar as dificuldades encontradas pelos alunos neste contexto.