bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of shade matching of a novel supra‐nano filled esthetic resin composite employing structural color using simplified simulated clinical cavities
Authors: Chen Fei , Toida Yu , Islam Rafiqul , Alam Arefin , Chowdhury Abu Faem Mohammad Almas , Yamauti Monica , Sano Hidehiko
Published: November 2020

Objective

To evaluate the shade matching ability of a novel supra‐nano filled esthetic resin composite employing structural color technology using simplified simulated clinical cavities. Filler morphology and light transmittance characteristics were also evaluated.

Materials and Methods

One‐hundred and twenty frames of resin composite were built in A1, A2, A3, and A4 shades to simulate Class I cavities (diameter = 4 mm, height = 2 mm). For each shaded frame, cavities were filled with three different types of filler containing resin composites (n = 10): supra‐nano filled (SN filled) resin composite, microhybrid filled (MH filled) resin composite, and clustered‐nano filled (CN filled) resin composite. Color parameters were calculated using CIELAB (△Eab) and CIEDE2000 (△E00). Data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan's test (α = .05). Filler morphology and light transmittance characteristics were measured to explore the role of structural color on shade matching.

Results

△Eab and △E00 of SN filled resin composite were significantly lower in A2, A3, and A4 shades (P < .05).

Conclusions

The SN filled resin composite showed better shade matching with A2, A3, and A4 shades of resin composite frames compared to MH filled resin composite, and CN filled resin composite.

Clinical Significance

Universal‐shade resin composites, which were expected to match nearly all shades, simplify the restorative procedure. Resin composite, which contained spherical supra‐nano filler particles, could contribute most to its shade matching by stimulating structural color. Structural color technology may provide additional benefits for shade matching of resin composites.
Effect of surface finishing and polishing procedures on color properties and translucency of monolithic zirconia restorations at varying thickness
Authors: Saker Samah , Özcan Mutlu
Published: November 2020

Objective

This study aimed to assess the impact of monolithic zirconia thickness on its color properties after different surface finishing and polishing procedures, and following aging in coffee solution.

Materials and methods

Two types of monolithic zirconia brands [Prettau Anterior (PA) and DD Cubex2 (DDC)] with three different thicknesses: 0.5, 1, and 1.5, and 10 mm diameter were tested. The color properties were evaluated after various surface finishing procedures (glazing, adjusting with burs + glaze, polishing, adjusting with burs + polishing) and after 5,000 cycles in a coffee solution were evaluated. The differences in color (ΔE) and translucency, were calculated and statistically analyzed by three‐way ANOVA and pairwise comparison (α = 0.05).

Results

The brand, material thickness, and surface finishing protocol before and after coffee thermocycling had significant effect on color variations (p < 0.001). For translucency, 3‐way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between the material thickness and surface finishing protocol following aging in coffee solution (p < 0.001), however no significant interaction was observed following the surface finishing protocols (p = 0.247).

Conclusions

The optical properties of monolithic zirconia ceramics can be influenced by the material brand, material thickness and the procedure of surface finishing and polishing.

Clinical significance

Clinicians should take into consideration the potential change of the color properties of monolithic zirconia restorations following both contouring and occlusal adjustment procedures and coffee intake.
Translucency parameter of conventional restorative glass‐ionomer cements
Authors: Uchimura Joana Yumi Teruya , Sato Francielle , Santana Rosangela Getirana , Menezes‐Silva Rafael , Bueno Ligia S. , Borges Ana Flávia Sanches , de Lima Navarro Maria Fidela , Nicholson John W. , Sidhu Sharanbir K. , Pascotto Renata Corrêa
Published: November 2020

Objective

To evaluate the translucency parameter (TP) and contrast ratio (CR) of different conventional restorative glass‐ionomer cements (GICs).

Materials and methods

Eighteen brands of GICs were evaluated. Five disks of each material were made following ISO 9917‐1. The luminous reflectance and Central Bureau of the International Commission on Illumination parameters of disks were evaluated using a colorimeter, against backings of white and black, to obtain the translucent parameter and contrast ratio of different brands of glass‐ionomer cements. The correlation between translucency parameter and contrast ratio was assessed with the Pearson correlation test. The translucent and contrast ratio parameters values were submitted to the one‐way ANOVA and Tukey test for multiple comparisons (p < 0.05).

Results

There was a strong inverse relationship between CR and TP (r2 = 0.94, p < 0.001). The contrast ratio decreased as translucency increased. There were significant differences in TP and CR among brands (p < 0.001).

Conlusions

GICs exhibit different translucency and contrast ratio behavior. Some brands of GICs presented very low TP and this condition would be unacceptable for areas with esthetic demands. In addition, TP and CR showed a strong linear relationship.

Clinical significance

The results found in this study demonstrated that the knowledge of the translucency and CR of different conventional restorative GICs is important in order to guide clinicians in the selection of restorative GICs for anterior teeth.
GENDER DISPARITIES IN INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATION: A STUDY OF 25,000 UNIVERSITY PROFESSORS
Authors: Kwiek Marek , Roszka Wojciech
Published: November 2020

In this large‐scale research based on bibliometric, biographical and administrative data, we examine how gender disparities in international research collaboration differ by collaboration intensity, academic position, age, and academic discipline. The following are the major findings: (1) While female scientists exhibit a higher rate of general, national, and institutional collaboration, male scientists exhibit a higher rate of international collaboration. (2) An aggregated picture of gender disparities hides a more nuanced cross‐disciplinary picture of them. (3) An analysis of international research collaboration at three separate intensity levels (low, medium, and high) reveals that male scientists dominate in international collaboration at each level. However, at each level, there are specific disciplines in which females collaborate internationally more than males. Furthermore (4), gender disparities in international research collaboration are clearly linked with age: they are the lowest and statistically insignificant for young scientists and the highest and statistically significant for the oldest scientists. Finally, we estimate the odds ratios of being involved in international research collaboration using an analytical linear logistic model. The examined sample includes 25,463 internationally visible Polish university professors from 85 universities, grouped into 24 disciplines, and 158,743 Scopus‐indexed articles.
Cross‐sectional study on the quality of oral lichen planus videos on YouTube™
Authors: Romano Antonio , Lauritano Dorina , Fiori Fausto , Di Petrillo Marco , Hasan Iquebal , Lucchese Alberta , Serpico Rosario , Di Stasio Dario
Published: November 2020

Background

YouTube™ is one of the most used platforms for patients looking for health‐related information. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to analyze the available information about oral lichen planus on YouTube™ and how users interact with it.

Methods

A YouTube™ search for oral lichen planus was performed, setting English UK (language) and United Kingdom (country). Two hundred and fifteen results were screened, and 36 videos met the inclusion criteria. Videos' quality was evaluated using the DISCERN and the Global Quality Scale tools, and by categorizing them through quality assessment, source, duration, views, likes, and dislikes of each video were noted.

Results

According to quality assessments, 55.6% of the videos were classified as useful, while the 35.1% were classified as misleading/dangerous. The DISCERN and GQS values were generally low (31.56 ± 10.38 and 2.33 ± 1.07, respectively); DISCERN and GQS were positively correlated with the video length and negatively correlate with the data of upload (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study corroborates the results of others that a great number of health‐related videos available on YouTube™ feature misleading or potentially dangerous information; although the quality seems to slightly improve over time, medical associations and researchers ought to plan strategies aimed at improving the quality of the information delivered through YouTube™ and other social media.
The Geographic Impact of Buprenorphine Expansion to Nurse Practitioner Prescribers in Oregon
Authors: Klein Tracy A. , Geddes Jonah , Hartung Daniel
Published: November 2020

Purpose

We examined the impact on geographic distribution of medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD) in Oregon after the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA) was implemented in February 2017 to include nurse practitioner (NP) prescribers.

Methods

We conducted interrupted time series analysis with linear regression on prescriptions dispensed for buprenorphine used for MOUD in the Oregon Prescription Drug Monitoring Database written by physician (MD/DO) and NP prescribers January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. We analyzed total prescriptions by prescriber type and pharmacy ZIP Code using STATA 16.1.

Findings

From January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018, 420,765 eligible prescriptions were written by waivered MD/DO and/or NP prescribers. Prior to CARA, buprenorphine use was increasing steadily at 140 prescriptions per month (95% CI: 78‐201; P < .01). Following CARA, dispensing increased by 88 prescriptions per month (95% CI: 23‐152; P = .01). The absolute number increased in rural areas immediately after CARA implementation (368 prescriptions; 95% CI: 124‐613; P < .01). NP contribution to total buprenorphine prescribing increased significantly in both urban and rural areas (0.44% per month [95% CI: 0.30%‐0.57%; P < .01] and 0.74% per month [95% CI: 0.62%‐0.85%; P < .01]). The contribution of NPs had a particularly large impact for very rural (frontier) areas, where NPs provided 36% of all buprenorphine prescriptions by the end of 2018.

Conclusion

Changes in federal law regarding MOUD had a positive impact on both supply and geographic distribution in Oregon, particularly in frontier areas comprising 10 of 36 counties (27%).
Decision‐making and best practices for taxonomy‐free environmental DNA metabarcoding in biomonitoring using Hill numbers
Authors: Mächler Elvira , Walser Jean‐Claude , Altermatt Florian
Published: November 2020

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is raising expectations for biomonitoring of organisms that have hitherto been neglected. To bypass current limitations in taxonomic assignments due to incomplete or erroneous reference databases, taxonomy‐free approaches are proposed for biomonitoring at the level of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). This is challenging, because OTUs cannot be annotated and directly compared against classically derived taxonomic data. The application of good stringency treatments to infer the validity of OTUs and clear understanding of the consequences of such treatments is especially relevant for biodiversity assessments. We investigated how common practices of stringency filtering affect eDNA diversity estimates in the statistical framework of Hill numbers. We collected water eDNA samples at 61 sites across a 740‐km2 river catchment, reflecting a spatially realistic scenario in biomonitoring. After bioinformatic processing of the data, we studied how different stringency treatments affect conclusions with respect to biodiversity at the catchment and site levels. The applied stringency treatments were based on the consistent appearance of OTUs across filter replicates, a relative abundance cut‐off and rarefaction. We detected large differences in diversity estimates when accounting for presence/absence only, such that detected diversity at the catchment scale differed by an order of magnitude between the treatments. These differences disappeared when using stringency treatments with increasing weighting of the OTU abundances. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of Hill numbers for biodiversity analyses and comparisons of eDNA data sets that strongly differ in diversity. We recommend best practice for data stringency filtering for biomonitoring using eDNA.
Global negative effects of nutrient enrichment on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality
Authors: Ma Xiaocui , Geng Qinghong , Zhang Huiguang , Bian Chenyu , Chen Han Y. H. , Jiang Dalong , Xu Xia
Published: November 2020

Despite widespread anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, it remains unclear how nutrient enrichment influences plant–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis and ecosystem multifunctionality at the global scale.

Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis to examine the worldwide effects of nutrient enrichment on AMF and plant diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality using data of field experiments from 136 papers.

Our analyses showed that nutrient addition simultaneously decreased AMF diversity and abundance belowground and plant diversity aboveground at the global scale. The decreases in AMF diversity and abundance associated with nutrient addition were more pronounced with increasing experimental duration, mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP). Nutrient addition‐induced changes in soil pH and available phosphorus (P) predominantly regulated the responses of AMF diversity and abundance. Furthermore, AMF diversity correlated with ecosystem multifunctionality under nutrient addition worldwide.

Our findings identify the negative effects of nutrient enrichment on AMF and plant diversity and suggest that AMF diversity is closely linked with ecosystem function. This study offers an important advancement in our understanding of plant–AMF interactions and their likely responses to ongoing global change.
A quality improvement initiative to improve management of procedural pain in preterm neonates
Authors: Anne Rajendra Prasad , Deshabhotla Saikiran , Ahmed Shaista Waheed , Ahmed Saadiya Jaleel , Reddy Navneeth , Farooqui Dilnaaz , Oleti Tejo Pratap
Published: November 2020

Background

Neonates managed in neonatal intensive care units undergo several invasive procedures. However, neonatal procedural pain is not well recognized and managed in most neonatal units.

Aims

To decrease the severity of procedural pain in preterm neonates (<37 weeks gestational age at birth), as measured by Premature Infant Pain Profile , by 50% by April 2020.

Methods

A quality improvement initiative was conducted in a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit in South India. The pain was assessed independently by 2 interns not involved in clinical care using Premature Infant Pain Profile. After a baseline data recording and questionnaire assessing knowledge of healthcare personnel regarding neonatal pain, the interventions were planned. These were conducted as plan‐do‐study‐act cycles—(i) Educational sessions, (ii) Introduction of bedside visual aids, (iii) Simulation sessions demonstrating the use of nonpharmacological measures and introduction of procedure surveillance chart in daily rounds, and (iv) Video feedback‐based sessions. In the maintenance phase, the observations were continued.

Results

The healthcare personnel under recognized pain related to heel pricks and endotracheal intubation. They also had poor awareness of signs and symptoms of neonatal pain. A total of 202 procedures were observed during the study period. The mean pain score decreased significantly from 12.8 ± 4.5 in baseline period to 6.2 ± 1.8 in the maintenance phase. The use of analgesic measures increased from 13% in the baseline period to 73% in the maintenance phase. The use of automated lancet for heel prick increased from 0% to 94% in maintenance phase. More and more procedures were done with appropriate environment and baby state. The mean number of procedures per day decreased from 6.5 ± 1.8 in baseline period to 2.7 ± 0.9 in the maintenance phase.

Conclusions

Targeted interventions can improve neonatal procedural pain management by improving use of analgesic measures, decreasing the number of procedures, and educating and training healthcare personnel.
Context Sensitivity and Chance
Authors: Harr Quinn
Published: November 2020

‘Chance’ is arguably a context‐sensitive expression, a fact that some have thought bears upon the debate about the compatibility of determinism with objective, non‐trivial chances (chances with values other than 0 or 1). In this paper, I argue that this attempted move from context sensitivity to compatibilism is misguided, for a number of reasons. First, it relies on a theory of context sensitivity that we have independent reason to reject. Second, the resulting compatibilist position leaves unanswered precisely the sorts of questions we reasonably expect a metaphysical account of chance to answer.
Phosphatidic acid and hydrogen peroxide coordinately enhance heat tolerance in tall fescue
Authors: Zhang X. , Gao Y. , Zhuang L. , Hu Q. , Huang B.
Published: November 2020

Phosphatidic acid (PA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) play roles in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress. The objective of this study was to determine effects of H2O2 or PA, individually and interactively, with a H2O2 scavenging molecule, N,N'‐dimethylthoiurea (DMTU), on plant tolerance to heat stress in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea).

Plants were treated with PA (25 µm), H2O2 (5 mm) and PA (25 µm) + DMTU (5 mm) by foliar application and then exposed to heat stress (38/33 °C) or optimal temperature (23/18 °C, day/night) for 28 days.

Foliar application of PA and H2O2 alone resulted in increases in leaf fresh weight, chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency and cellular membrane stability in plants exposed to heat stress, whereas addition of DMTU suppressed the positive effects of PA. Expression levels of genes encoding the PA synthesizing enzyme, FaPLDδ, were significantly up‐regulated by H2O2. Phosphatidic acid‐ or H2O2‐enhanced heat tolerance was associated with the activation of stress signalling components (FaCDPK3, FaMPK6, FaMPK3), transcription factors (FaMBF1 and FaHsfA2c) and heat shock proteins (FaHSP18, FaHSP70 and FaHSP90).

Phosphatidic acid and H2O2 may work in coordination to further improve heat tolerance, involving up‐regulation of transcription factors in stress signalling cascades and heat protection systems.
Integrable symplectic maps associated with discrete Korteweg‐de Vries‐type equations
Authors: Xu Xiaoxue , Jiang Mengmeng , Nijhoff Frank W
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we present novel integrable symplectic maps, associated with ordinary difference equations, and show how they determine, in a remarkably diverse manner, the integrability, including Lax pairs and the explicit solutions, for integrable partial difference equations which are the discrete counterparts of integrable partial differential equations of Korteweg‐de Vries‐type (KdV‐type). As a consequence it is demonstrated that several distinct Hamiltonian systems lead to one and the same difference equation by means of the Liouville integrability framework. Thus, these integrable symplectic maps may provide an efficient tool for characterizing, and determining the integrability of, partial difference equations.
Interferons and innate immune activation in autoimmune congenital heart block
Authors: Ambrosi Aurelie , Thorlacius Gudny Ella , Sonesson Sven‐Erik , Wahren‐Herlenius Marie
Published: November 2020

Autoimmune congenital heart block (CHB) may develop in foetuses of women carrying anti‐Ro/SSA and La/SSB autoantibodies and is characterized by disruption of signal conduction at the atrioventricular (AV) node, resulting in partial or complete AV block. If not fatalin utero, complete CHB typically requires lifelong cardiac pacing. No treatment has so far been unequivocally demonstrated to prevent or treat autoimmune CHB, and the relatively low incidence (1%‐5%) and recurrence (12%‐16%) rates of second/third‐degree AV block add to the complexity of managing pregnancies in women with anti‐Ro/La antibodies. Altogether, a better understanding of events leading to development of autoimmune CHB is needed to improve surveillance and treatment strategies. In the past decade, studies have started to look beyond the role of maternal autoantibodies in disease pathogenesis to assess other contributing factors such as foetal genetics and, more recently, immune responses in foetuses and neonates of anti‐Ro/La antibody‐positive women. In this review, we provide an update on the epidemiology, clinical presentation and current treatment approaches of autoimmune CHB, summarize the previously proposed pathogenic mechanisms implicating maternal autoantibodies, and discuss the recent findings of type I interferon (IFN) and innate immune activation in foetuses with autoimmune CHB and in neonates of anti‐Ro/La antibody‐positive mothers, and how these may contribute to autoimmune CHB pathogenesis.
A Zic2-regulated switch in a noncanonical Wnt/βcatenin pathway is essential for the formation of bilateral circuits
Authors: Morenilla-Palao Cruz , López-Cascales María Teresa , López-Atalaya José P. , Baeza Diana , Calvo-Díaz Luís , Barco Angel , Herrera Eloísa
Published: November 2020

A switch in a non-canonical Wnt/βcatenin pathway controls axon guidance at the midline.
Ultrastrong lightweight compositionally complex steels via dual-nanoprecipitation
Authors: Wang Zhangwei , Lu Wenjun , Zhao Huan , Liebscher Christian H. , He Junyang , Ponge Dirk , Raabe Dierk , Li Zhiming
Published: November 2020

Novel dual-nanoprecipitation enables ultrahigh specific strength of new ductile, lightweight compositionally complex steels.
Plasma-derived extracellular vesicle analysis and deconvolution enable prediction and tracking of melanoma checkpoint blockade outcome
Authors: Shi Alvin , Kasumova Gyulnara G. , Michaud William A. , Cintolo-Gonzalez Jessica , Díaz-Martínez Marta , Ohmura Jacqueline , Mehta Arnav , Chien Isabel , Frederick Dennie T. , Cohen Sonia , Plana Deborah , Johnson Douglas , Flaherty Keith T. , Sullivan Ryan J. , Kellis Manolis , Boland Genevieve M.
Published: November 2020

Plasma-derived extracellular vesicles potentially enable prediction and tracking of immunotherapy response.
Deep convection–driven vortex formation on Jupiter and Saturn
Authors: Yadav Rakesh Kumar , Heimpel Moritz , Bloxham Jeremy
Published: November 2020

New simulations suggest storms on Jupiter and Saturn could be 1000s of kilometers deep and may be formed by boiling gasses.
Electronic quality factor for thermoelectrics
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Bu Zhonglin , Shi Xuemin , Chen Zhiwei , Lin Siqi , Shan Bing , Wood Maxwell , Snyder Alemayouh H. , Chen Lidong , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Pei Yanzhong
Published: November 2020

This work proposes an electronic quality factor for an efficient guidance to thermoelectric advancements with demonstrations.
Adaptive tuning of cell sensory diversity without changes in gene expression
Authors: Kamino K. , Keegstra J. M. , Long J. , Emonet T. , Shimizu T. S.
Published: November 2020

Cell populations can switch strategies between bet-hedging and adaptive tracking using only posttranslational processes.
Two replication fork remodeling pathways generate nuclease substrates for distinct fork protection factors
Authors: Liu W. , Krishnamoorthy A. , Zhao R. , Cortez D.
Published: November 2020

At least two groups of fork protection factors work downstream of two RAD51-dependent fork remodeling pathways.
Outsized effect of predation: Wolves alter wetland creation and recolonization by killing ecosystem engineers
Authors: Gable Thomas D. , Johnson-Bice Sean M. , Homkes Austin T. , Windels Steve K. , Bump Joseph K.
Published: November 2020

Outsized effect of predation: Wolves alter wetland creation and recolonization by killing ecosystem engineers.
Multilayer fabrication of durable catheter-deployable soft robotic sensor arrays for efficient left atrial mapping
Authors: Kashyap Varun , Caprio Alexandre , Doshi Tejas , Jang Sun-Joo , Liu Christopher F. , Mosadegh Bobak , Dunham Simon
Published: November 2020

Soft robotic sensor arrays for left-atrial mapping demonstrate highly conformal contact to complex patient anatomies.
Scalable tactile sensor arrays on flexible substrates with high spatiotemporal resolution enabling slip and grip for closed-loop robotics
Authors: Oh Hongseok , Yi Gyu-Chul , Yip Michael , Dayeh Shadi A.
Published: November 2020

A single thin-film transistor senses, amplifies, and multiplexes force to sense slip and close the loop in robotic gripping.
JAK inhibition reduces SARS-CoV-2 liver infectivity and modulates inflammatory responses to reduce morbidity and mortality
Authors: Stebbing Justin , Sánchez Nievas Ginés , Falcone Marco , Youhanna Sonia , Richardson Peter , Ottaviani Silvia , Shen Joanne X. , Sommerauer Christian , Tiseo Giusy , Ghiadoni Lorenzo , Virdis Agostino , Monzani Fabio , Rizos Luis Romero , Forfori Francesco , Avendaño Céspedes Almudena , De Marco Salvatore , Carrozzi Laura , Lena Fabio , Sánchez-Jurado Pedro Manuel , Lacerenza Leonardo Gianluca , Cesira Nencioni , Caldevilla Bernardo David , Perrella Antonio , Niccoli Laura , Méndez Lourdes Sáez , Matarrese Daniela , Goletti Delia , Tan Yee-Joo , Monteil Vanessa , Dranitsaris George , Cantini Fabrizio , Farcomeni Alessio , Dutta Shuchismita , Burley Stephen K. , Zhang Haibo , Pistello Mauro , Li William , Romero Marta Mas , Andrés Pretel Fernando , Simón-Talero Rafaela Sánchez , García-Molina Rafael , Kutter Claudia , Felce James H. , Nizami Zehra F. , Miklosi Andras G. , Penninger Josef M. , Menichetti Francesco , Mirazimi Ali , Abizanda Pedro , Lauschke Volker M.
Published: November 2020

The dual anticytokine and antiviral actions of baricitinib reduce SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in organoids and morbidity in people.
Cellular context of IL-33 expression dictates impact on anti-helminth immunity
Authors: Hung Li-Yin , Tanaka Yukinori , Herbine Karl , Pastore Christopher , Singh Brenal , Ferguson Annabel , Vora Nisha , Douglas Bonnie , Zullo Kelly , Behrens Edward M. , Li Hui Tan Tiffany , Kohanski Michael A. , Bryce Paul , Lin Cailu , Kambayashi Taku , Reed Danielle R. , Brown Breann L. , Cohen Noam A. , Herbert De’Broski R.
Published: November 2020

The pore-forming protein perforin-2 facilitates IL-33 release from dendritic cells.
Type I interferons drive the maturation of human DC3s with a distinct costimulatory profile characterized by high GITRL
Authors: Girard Melanie , Law Jaclyn C. , Edilova Maria I. , Watts Tania H.
Published: November 2020

Human dendritic cell and monocyte subsets display cell type–specific responses to IFN-I stimulation.
West Greenland ichthyoplankton and how melting glaciers could allow Arctic cod larvae to survive extreme summer temperatures
Authors: Bouchard Caroline , Charbogne Agathe , Baumgartner Fabienne , Maes Sarah M.
Published: November 2020

Climate change is rapidly modifying marine fish assemblages in the Arctic. As fish eggs and larvae have a narrower thermal tolerance than nonreproductive adults, their response to increasing temperatures is likely one of the main drivers of these changes. In this study, we described ichthyoplankton assemblages in West Greenland between 62 and 73 °N, during summers 2017–2019, and investigated the relationship between sea surface temperature in the spring and summer and the survival of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida (Lepechin, 1774)) early life stages over the hatching season. Warm years were associated with partial recruitment failures resulting from thermal stress to the eggs and larvae hatched late in the season. Using past environmental conditions, we forecasted an imminent decline in Arctic cod recruitment in the regions of Uummannaq and Disko Bay. Observations from fjords suggested that glacial meltwater could create a subsurface thermal refuge allowing Arctic cod larvae to survive despite very high summer sea surface temperature (ca. 10 °C). As the Greenland ice sheet is melting at an unprecedented speed, the mechanism underlying the “glacial meltwater summer refuge hypothesis” could curb some of the negative effects of ocean warming on the survival of young Arctic cod in West Greenland and other Arctic fjord systems.
Restoration of superconductivity in high magnetic fields in UTe2
Authors: Lebed Andrei G.
Published: November 2020

It was theoretically predicted more than 20 years ago [A. G. Lebed and K. Yamaji, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2697 (1998)], that a triplet quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) superconductor could restore its superconducting state in parallel magnetic fields, which are higher than its upper critical magnetic field, [Formula: see text]. It is very likely that, recently, such phenomenon has been experimentally discovered in the Q2D superconductor UTe2 by Nicholas Butch, Sheng Ran, and their colleagues and has been confirmed by Japanese–French team. We review our previous theoretical results using such a general method that it describes the reentrant superconductivity in the abovementioned compound and will hopefully describes the similar phenomena, which can be discovered in other Q2D superconductors.
Low efficiency of β-alanine supplementation to increase muscle carnosine
Authors: Perim Pedro Henrique , Heibel André Barroso , Artioli Guilherme Giannini , Gualano Bruno , Saunders Bryan
Published: November 2020

Supplementation with β-alanine (BA) increases muscle carnosine content, although the amount of BA used for muscle carnosine loading has been suggested to be low. However, methodological issues may have underestimated the amount of BA used. The aim of this study was to determine the estimated amount of BA converted to muscle carnosine, using a retrospective analysis from a 4-week randomized controlled trial investigating the effects of BA supplementation on muscle carnosine content of the m. vastus lateralis. Twenty-five males (age 27±5 years, height 1.74±0.09 m, body mass 77.4±11.5 kg) were supplemented with 6.4 g·day-1 of BA (N=17) or placebo (PL; N=8) for 28 days. Pre- and postsupplementation participants provided a muscle biopsy subsequently analysed for carnosine content using HPLC. Data were analysed using mixed-models and Pearson’s correlations. Muscle carnosine content increased by +11.0±6.7 mmol·kg-1dm (P<0.0001) in BA, with no change in PL (P=0.99). The estimated amount of BA converted to muscle carnosine was 2.1±1.2% (Range: 0.5 to 4.5%) of the total dose ingested. Pearson’s correlations showed that pre-supplementation carnosine was correlated to post-supplementation carnosine in the BA group (r=0.65, r2=0.38, P=0.009), but not the absolute change in carnosine (r=-0.28, r2=0.08, P=0.28) or the amount of BA used (r=-0.31, r2=0.10, P=0.22). The estimated amount of ingested BA used for carnosine synthesis was extremely low following 4 weeks of BA supplementation at 6.4 g·day-1. Data suggest that very little of the BA ingested is used for muscle carnosine synthesis and highlights the potential for further work to optimise BA supplementation in humans.
Influence of skeletal maturation on physical fitness of young people with Down syndrome
Authors: Modesto Everaldo Lambert , Oliveira Leonardo dos Santos , Seron Bruna Barboza , Almeida Eloise Werle de , Greguol Márcia
Published: November 2020

Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) tend to prematurely reach the skeletal maturation period. In addition, young people with this condition have poor physical fitness and few opportunities to practice physical activity when compared to those without disabilities. The aim of this study was to investigate the skeletal maturation of young people with Down syndrome and its influence on the behavior of physical fitness related to health, after aerobic and resistance training programs. Forty people with DS, with an average age of 15.4 (± 2.6) years, were divided into three groups for a 12 weeks intervention program, AT - aerobic training group (3 times/week; 50 minutes/session), RT - resistance training group (twice/week ; 50 minutes/session) and CG - control group, 9 participants. Determination of skeletal age (EA) was performed using the Greulich-Pyle method. Anthropometric variables, muscle strength and peak VO2 were measured pre and post intervention. It was found that skeletal maturation influenced the effects of training, only being significant for body weight and strength in the upright row variables. In addition, the muscle strength of upper and lower limbs increased significantly after 12 weeks of aerobic or resistance training. Then, we can conclude that the effects of physical training on physical fitness of young people with Down syndrome appear to improve as the bone age increases.
Efeito da (in)atividade física nas queixas de insônia, humor e qualidade de vida de pacientes com hipertensão arterial
Authors: Neves Alana Weikert , Santana Marcos Gonçalves , Silva Katryne Holanda , Passos Giselle Soares
Published: November 2020

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar as queixas de insônia, o perfil de humor e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com hipertensão arterial fisicamente ativos e inativos; e identificar possíveis correlações entre insônia, humor, qualidade de vida e nível de atividade física. Participaram do estudo 71 pacientes, com idade > 40 anos, que foram alocados em dois grupos: grupo fisicamente ativo (GFA, n=36) e grupo fisicamente inativo (GFI, n=35). Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Índice de Gravidade de Insônia, Profile of Mood States, SF-36/Pesquisa em Saúde e Nível de Atividade Física Habitual. Na comparação entre os grupos, observou-se diferença significante na gravidade das queixas de insônia (GFA: 2,8±3,4; GFI: 5,6±5,6, p<0,05), sintomas de depressão (GFA: 4,4±5,0; GFI: 8,1±7,0, p<0,05) e as variáveis de qualidade de vida: capacidade funcional (GFA: 84,0 ± 21,1; GFI: 71,0 ± 23,7) e vitalidade (GFA: 74,9 ± 20,4; GFI: 63,1 ± 22,2), além de correlação significante entre as queixas de insônia, o humor e a qualidade de vida. Diante desses resultados podemos concluir que praticar exercícios físicos regularmente pode resultar em redução nas queixas de insônia e depressão, e melhorar alguns aspectos da qualidade de vida de pacientes com hipertensão arterial.
A vivência de práticas físicas/motoras/esportivas de homens e mulheres para propor o construto orientação esportiva
Authors: Cardoso Fernando Luiz , Medeiros Thiago Emannuel , Silva Walan Robert da , Ferrari Elisa Pinheiro , Melo Gislane Ferreira de
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho teórico-empírico foi investigar o histórico de vida das práticas físicas/ motoras/ esportivas de 407 graduandos de Ed. Física de uma universidade pública (211 homens e 196 mulheres) para tentar averiguar um traço de orientação para a prática de diferentes modalidades esportivas. Esse estudo foi realizado a partir de dados empíricos sobre a experiência prévia dos seus participantes para identificar um possível traço latente comum aos sujeitos desta pesquisa em suas preferências esportivas. Na análise dos dados utilizou-se recursos da estatística descritiva e inferencial por meio de testes t de student, qui quadrado, análise de regressão linear (backward) e análise fatorial exploratória. Os resultados mostraram que homens quanto as mulheres gostam tanto de atividades físicas cíclicas como complexas. No entanto, os homens demonstraram gostar mais de atividades físicas complexas. A diferença em relação ao perfil motor/esportivo entre os sexos caracteriza-se pela preferência dos homens por esportes coletivos de embate, enquanto as mulheres, por atividades físicas coletivas ligadasao ritmo. Diante dos resultados observados foi possível identificar um traço predominante para homens e mulheres, embasando a proposta de um novo constructo sobre a orientação esportiva composto por duas dimensões, embatividade e ritmicidade. Este novo constructo exige a proposição de um instrumento de medida que possa medir e predizer a orientação esportiva nas Ciências do Movimento.
Attendance in Physical Education classes and associated factors among high school students
Authors: Prazeres Filho Alcides , Mendonça Gerfeson , Souza Neto João Miguel , Tassitano Rafael Miranda , Silva Anderson Barbosa Paiva , Farias Júnior José Cazuza
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of high school student attendance in Physical Education classes and analyze associated factors. The sample consisted of 2,874 public and private high school students (57.9% women, mean age of 16.5 years; SD = 1.2) from João Pessoa, Paraiba (PB) state in Northeastern Brazil. Attendance in Physical Education classes was measured by the following question: ‘How many Physical Education classes do you attend during a normal week? The associated factors measured were: attitude, self-efficacy, risks and benefits related to physical activity, perceived health, level of physical activity, sedentary behavior and nutritional status. It was observed that 41.9% (95% CI: 40.1-43.7) of the students attended two or more Physical Education classes per week, with a higher incidence in public schools (56.6%, 95%CI: 54.6-58.9) than in their private counterparts (6.6%, 95%CI: 4.9-8.2; p <0.001). Higher attendance in Physical Education classes was identified in the following subgroups: male students and the youngest from both schools, in students from public school that did not work, members of the highest economic class, whose parents had higher schooling levels, and those in the 1st and 2nd year of high school education in private institutions. Attending two or more Physical Education classes per week is positively and significantly associated with a more favorable attitude to engaging in physical activity as well as its level, in both private and public students, in addition to positive health perception in public students. Student attendance in Physical Education classes was low, particularly in private schools. Attending two or more Physical Education classes per week was associated with positive aspects of physical activity and health in the students under study.
Uso do acelerômetro e giroscópio no monitoramento de movimento: uma avaliação comparativa por meio de unidade inercial e smartphone
Authors: Antonio Beatriz de Araujo , Teruya Thiago Toshi , Mochizuki Luis
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho compara a aceleração mensurada por meio de sensores inerciais para monitorar a atividade física. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar informações sobre o movimento mensuradas por sensor inercial (sistema Xsens) e por um smartphone. Os dois instrumentos foram usados para medir a rotação de um pêndulo simples e da rotação da perna no movimento de agachamento. Para comparar o padrão temporal dos dados de rotação dos dois sistemas de medição, foi feita a correlação cruzada. Para estimar a rotação, foram usadas as medidas de quatérnion disponíveis em ambos os equipamentos. Para o pêndulo simples, as rotações descritas pelo quatérnions do sistema Xsens e do smartphone tiveram  correlação cruzada muito forte, com semelhança de 98%. No agachamento, o nível de semelhança de rotação dos quatérnions foi muita alta (97%). O sensor de acelerômetro integrado ao smartphone apresenta alta semelhança a medida obtida por sensor inercial.
Respostas neuromusculares e metabólicas do método de treinamento de força FST-7 em homens treinados
Authors: Padilha Ubiratan Contreira , Silva Rodrigo Pereira da , Vieira Amilton , Kobayashi Lucia , Bottaro Martim
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as respostas agudas neuromusculares e metabólicas do método de treinamento de força (TF) FST-7. Para tal, 10 homens experientes em TF foram submetidos a três protocolos experimentais. 1) FST-7 (sete séries de 10 repetições de extensão isocinética de joelho com 30 s de intervalo entre as séries, incluindo 20 - 25 s de alongamento do quadríceps); 2) Controle (CON, sete séries de 10 repetições de extensão isocinética de joelho com 30 s de intervalo entre as séries, sem alongamento entre as séries); e 3) Tradicional (TRAD, sete séries de 10 repetições de extensão isocinética de joelho com 120 s de intervalo entre as séries, sem alongamento entre as séries). O trabalho total do TRAD (12.160 ± 2.200 J) foi maior (p < 0,05) que o FST-7 (9.361 ± 1.714 J) e CON (10.730 ± 2.360 J), CON também produziu trabalho total maior que FST-7 (p < 0,05). A queda no trabalho entre as séries (índice de fadiga) foi maior (p < 0,05) no FST-7 (38,5 ± 13,4%) em comparação ao CON (29,0 ± 10,9%) e TRAD (12,0 ± 10,4%). A espessura muscular e o lactato sanguíneo aumentaram significativamente (p < 0,05), no entanto sem diferença entre os três protocolos (p>0,05). Estes resultados sugerem que o FST-7 apresenta respostas metabólicas similares aos métodos CON e TRAD, no entanto o estresse mecânico imposto pelos métodos TRAD e CON foram superiores ao FST-7.
Does caffeine supplementation alter energy contribution during a work-based ~30 min cycling time-trial?
Authors: Barreto Gabriel , Silva Rafael Pires da , Yamaguchi Guilherme , Oliveira Luana Farias de , Painelli Vitor de Salles , Gualano Bruno , Saunders Bryan
Published: November 2020

Caffeine has been shown to increase anaerobic energy contribution during short-duration cycling time-trials (TT) though no information exists on whether caffeine alters energy contribution during more prolonged, aerobic type TTs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of caffeine supplementation on longer and predominantly aerobic exercise. Fifteen recreationally-trained male cyclists (age 38±8 y, height 1.76±0.07 m, body mass 72.9±7.7 kg) performed a ~30 min cycling TT following either 6 mg·kg-1BM caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA) supplementation, and one control (CON) session without supplementation, in a double- -blind, randomised, counterbalance and cross-over design. Mean power output (MPO) was recorded as the outcome measure. Respiratory values were measured throughout exercise for the determination of energy system contribution. Data were analysed using mixed-models. CAF improved mean MPO compared to CON (P=0.01), and a trend towards an improvement compared to PLA (P=0.07); there was no difference in MPO at any timepoint throughout the exercise between conditions. There was a main effect of Condition (P=0.04) and Time (P<0.0001) on blood lactate concentration, which tended to be higher in CAF vs. both PLA and CON (Condition effect, both P=0.07). Ratings of perceived exertion increased over time (P<0.0001), with no effect of Condition or interaction (both P>0.05). Glycolytic energy contribution was increased in CAF compared to CON and PLA (both P<0.05), but not aerobic or ATP-CP (both P>0.05). CAF improved aerobic TT performance compared to CON, which could be explained by increased glycolytic energy contribution.
Influência do exercício físico sobre a proteína de estresse oxidativo Hemoxigenase-1
Authors: Paixão Ailma Oliveira da , Voltarelli Vanessa Azevedo , Brum Patricia Chakur
Published: November 2020

A Hemoxigenase (HO) é uma enzima que atua na degradação/metabolização do grupo heme gerando três produtos: o monóxido de carbono (CO), a biliverdina (BVD) e o ferro ferroso (Fe2+). Uma das isoformas da HO, a Hemoxigenase-1 (HO-1) vem sendo amplamente estudada devido às suas potentes propriedades protetoras, desempenhando ações anti-inflamatórias, antioxidantes, antiapoptóticas e antiproliferativas, e exercendo funções citoprotetoras em diversos tipos celulares, bem como, em diferentes tipos de lesões em modelo animal e em humanos. A HO-1 é uma enzima induzida em resposta ao estresse celular, sendo estimulada por diversos fatores como: luz ultravioleta, hipóxia, metais pesados, óxido nítrico, citocinas inflamatórias, etanol, prostaglandinas e choque térmico. Além disso, a HO-1 também é induzida em resposta ao exercício físico realizado em diferentes durações e intensidades, conferindo proteção celular e manutenção da homeostase celular pós-exercício. Na presente revisão de literatura, em uma primeira parte serão abordadas a localização e a função da hemoxigenase no organismo e, na segunda parte, os efeitos do exercício físico sobre a HO-1 e sua citoproteção serão abordados levando-se em consideração exercícios aeróbios vs. anaeróbios; exercícios aeróbios agudos (uma única sessão de exercício) realizados em diferentes durações e intensidades; exercício aeróbio crônico treinamento físico) e exercício físico nas doenças crônicas.
Cellular and molecular exercise physiology
Authors: Voltarelli Vanessa Azevedo , Fernandes Larissa Gonçalves , Brum Patricia Chakur
Published: November 2020

Exercise physiology has evolved as a main area of investigation, in which the central goal is to better understand how the physiological systems respond to an acute bout of exercise and how these systems adapt to different types of exercise training. For many years and until now, exercise physiology field have been grounded in the fundamentals of biology and human physiology. However, during the last century, scientific knowledge has changed our understanding of biological sciences, allowing the integration of different areas, and increasing the focus on many sub-areas like cellular and molecular investigation. The development of new experimental techniques in the last years provided detailed information about cellstructure and function and, as a result, we could better understand not only the human body physiology, but also many diseases and their pathophysiology. Therefore, this present review intends to discuss more about cellular and molecular exercise physiology area, focusing on historical and methodological approaches, and highlighting the future perspectives for scientific knowledge and their practical application in health and exercise.
Anjos e demônios modernos
Authors: Gomes Marcelo Bolshaw
Published: November 2020

Estuda três conhecidos super-heróis de histórias em quadrinhos: o Surfista Prateado, o Demolidor (ambos da Marvel Comics) e o Batman (da DC Comics). O objetivo é mostrar a universalidade de algumas das características desses super-heróis com os dramas humanos do cotidiano e com as narrativas míticas. Utiliza a análise narrativa dos personagens para descreve-los e compará-los com entes das mitologias tradicionais. Conclui que os heróis ‘Surfista Prateado’ e ‘Demolidor’ (Daredevil) correspondem a estruturas míticas arcaicas de diferentes formas de representação da própria identidade. Nessa ótica, há super-heróis (Demolidor, Homem-Aranha e Batman) que vivem sem esperanças, presos no mundo imanente, e representam a relação Ego-Id; e outros superheróis (Surfista Prateado, Thor, Mulher Maravilha e Super-Homem) que ‘caíram’ de um universo  transcendente e correspondem a relação Ego-Self.
Atado a uma HQtrônica
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre dos Santos , Fadel Luciane Maria , Gonçalves Berenice Santos
Published: November 2020

As histórias em quadrinhos eletrônicas (HQtrônicas) representam um tipo de mídia com potencial de pesquisa para a área do design de interação. O presente estudo parte de uma análise da obra These Memories Won’t Last, do artista Stu Campbel, no sentido de identificar as estratégias utilizadas na criação de uma interface narrativizada. Foi empregado o método de close reading para observação das propriedades do espaçovirtual e da navegação da obra. Como resultado da análise, aponta-se o uso da interação corporificada e da restrição da agência como meios para a dramatização da navegação.
6as Jornadas Internacionais de Histórias em Quadrinhos
Authors: Quadrinhos Observatório Histórias em
Published: November 2020

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A fotografia nas histórias em quadrinhos sem palavras
Authors: Postema Barbara
Published: November 2020

No processo de prover leituras detalhadas de uma variedade de quadrinhos silenciosos, este artigo considera a diferença entre imagens desenhadas e imagens fotográficas como veículos para a narrativa, traça uma variedade de formas pelas quais as fotos são remediatizadas nos quadrinhos e sugere varias funções narrativas pelas quais as fotografias são usadas em quadrinhos sem palavras como substitutos para o texto.