bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibody mediated cotton-archetypal substrate for enumeration of circulating tumor cells and chemotherapy outcome in 3D tumors
Authors: Arora Smriti , D'Souza Alain , Aland Gourishankar , Kale Narendra , Jadhav Bhagwat , Kad Trupti , Chaturvedi Pankaj , Singh Balram , Khandare Jayant
Published: February 2022

A surface modified cotton-based biomedical matrix has been designed for the controlledin vitro3D tumor expansion of captured cancer cells to investigate anti-cancer drug efficacy and multi-drug resistance (MDR) mechanisms.
A 3D-printed transfusion platform reveals beneficial effects of normoglycemic erythrocyte storage solutions and a novel rejuvenating solution
Authors: Liu Yueli , Hesse Laura E. , Geiger Morgan K. , Zinn Kurt R. , McMahon Timothy J. , Chen Chengpeng , Spence Dana M.
Published: February 2022

A set of 3D-printed analytical devices were developed to investigate erythrocytes (ERYs) processed in conventional and modified storage solutions used in transfusion medicine.
Hybrid photoluminescent material from lanthanide fluoride and graphene oxide with strong luminescence intensity as a chemical sensor for mercury ions
Authors: Singhaal Richa , Tashi Lobzang , Devi Swaita , Sheikh Haq Nawaz
Published: February 2022

In this work, we employed NaxLiyGdF4:Tb3+@PMA@Phen@GO nanocomposite as chemical sensor for selective and sensitive luminescence sensing of toxic Hg2+ metal ion.
Rational design and microwave-assisted synthesis of a novel terthiophene derivative for facile preparation of binder-free polymer/metal oxide-based binary composite electrodes with high electrochemical performance
Authors: Yiğit Deniz , Güllü Mustafa
Published: February 2022

A simple and effective approach was reported for the preparation of binder-free conducting polymer/metal oxide binary composite electrode materials.
Template-directed conjugation of heterogeneous oligonucleotides to a homobifunctional molecule for programmable supramolecular assembly
Authors: Helmi Seham , Turberfield Andrew J.
Published: February 2022

We present a templating technique for the efficient attachment of two different oligonucleotides to a homobifunctional molecule, enabling its controlled and programmable placement within a DNA nanostructure.
How do interfaces alter the dynamics of supercooled water?
Authors: Gasparotto Piero , Fitzner Martin , Cox Stephen James , Sosso Gabriele Cesare , Michaelides Angelos
Published: February 2022

It is well known that the structure of liquid water in the proximity of an interface can deviate significantly from that of bulk water, while less clear is how an interface perturbs the dynamics of water molecules within the liquid.
Contingency planning for coral reefs in the Anthropocene; The potential of reef safe havens
Authors: Camp Emma F.
Published: February 2022

Reducing the global reliance on fossil fuels is essential to ensure the long-term survival of coral reefs, but until this happens, alternative tools are required to safeguard their future. One emerging tool is to locate areas where corals are surviving well despite the changing climate. Such locations include refuges, refugia, hotspots of resilience, bright spots, contemporary near-pristine reefs, and hope spots that are collectively named reef ‘safe havens' in this mini-review. Safe havens have intrinsic value for reefs through services such as environmental buffering, maintaining near-pristine reef conditions, or housing corals naturally adapted to future environmental conditions. Spatial and temporal variance in physicochemical conditions and exposure to stress however preclude certainty over the ubiquitous long-term capacity of reef safe havens to maintain protective service provision. To effectively integrate reef safe havens into proactive reef management and contingency planning for climate change scenarios, thus requires an understanding of their differences, potential values, and predispositions to stress. To this purpose, I provide a high-level review on the defining characteristics of different coral reef safe havens, how they are being utilised in proactive reef management and what risk and susceptibilities they inherently have. The mini-review concludes with an outline of the potential for reef safe haven habitats to support contingency planning of coral reefs under an uncertain future from intensifying climate change.
The Relevance of Leisure Noise to Hearing Threshold Shifts: A Longitudinal Analysis Among Adolescents
Authors: Walser-Reichenbach Sandra M. , Gerstner Doris G. , Twardella Dorothee , Jenkac Christina , Weilnhammer Veronika , Hendrowarsito Lana , Perez-Alvarez Carmelo , Steffens Thomas , Stilianakis Nikolaos I. , Herr Caroline E. W. , Heinze Stefanie
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to analyze the association of total leisure noise exposure and hearing threshold shifts over 5 years among adolescents enrolled in the Ohrkan cohort study.

Method:

The Ohrkan cohort of 2,148 students aged 13–19 years was recruited from 2009 to 2011 and followed up 5 years later. Complete baseline and follow-up reports on exposure and outcome were available for 989 participants. Leisure noise exposure was assessed by questionnaires, and clinical audiometric examinations were performed. Two outcomes were defined: occurrence of the Niskar notch pattern and audiometry showing maximum hearing threshold values at 3, 4, and 6 kHz (both ears). Longitudinal analysis using generalized estimating equations was performed.

Results:

High total leisure noise exposure, defined as an energy equivalent of a 40-hr week of > 85 dBA, was estimated for 32.7% of students at baseline and 63.8% at follow-up. A noise notch was observed in 1.1% of adolescents at baseline and 3.3% at follow-up. At baseline, the maximum measured threshold shift was 55 dB, which increased to 85 dB at the follow-up. Longitudinal analysis did not reveal an association between leisure noise exposure and hearing thresholds. Hearing threshold shifts or noise notches were associated with sex, school type, and time point of measurement.

Conclusions:

No relationship was found between leisure noise and hearing thresholds. Male adolescents and those attending secondary general schools, with graduation following completion of ninth or 10th grade, had a greater likelihood of developing hearing threshold shifts. Prevention programs should focus on these risk groups.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19233462
Du jeu au je et vice versa
Authors: Rejony Anne , Pfohl Valérie , Elatré Lydie , Joguet Karine
Published: February 2022

La médiation théâtre peut s’inscrire de différentes manières dans un secteur psychiatrique et se nourrit du parcours professionnel et personnel de chacun. Anne Rejony, comédienne devenue infirmière, évoque la rencontre de la folie au théâtre durant ses années de pratique professionnelle. Puis, elle explore la manière dont les outils théâtraux peuvent être convoqués comme soin psychique. Valérie Pfohl et Lydie Elatré, infirmière clinicienne et psychologue, retracent quant à elles leur rencontre avec la pratique théâtrale en atelier thérapeutique. Le travail de co-thérapie avec une comédienne art-thérapeute les amenant à redéfinir leur posture soignante au travers du je(u). Enfin, Karine Joguet, psychologue et art-thérapeute illustre, à travers un cas, comment le processus créatif en groupe permet à des traits méconnus de soi de se révéler dans un cadre de soin protecteur.
A lightweight 0.25 mm lead equivalence protective apron for shielding radiological technologists from radiation exposure during single-photon emission computed tomography in nuclear medicine
Authors: Kanzaki T. , Higuchi T. , Zhang X. , Takahashi Y. , Sakai M. , Tsushima Y.
Published: February 2022

Radiological technologists in nuclear medicine departments (NMRTs) are exposed to higher radiation doses than other nuclear medicine staff. Consequently, the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency recommends using a 0.5-mm lead equivalence protective apron (PA) for staff with radiation exposure > 800 MBq of 99mTc. However, 0.5 mm PA is heavy and cumbersome to use. We evaluated the effectiveness of a 0.25 mm lead equivalence lightweight protective apron (L-PA) for NMRT radiation exposure during daily nuclear medicine procedures. The work was performed both with a phantom and in a real situation in our study. The phantom study was conducted with five radioisotopes (RI) placed 0.5 m from the human phantom with and without L-PA. In the clinical study, NMRT recorded the radiation dose for 20 days inside and outside the L-PA using clinical agents (140 examinations). In the phantom study, L-PA decreased the measured doses by 63% with 201Tl, 41% with 99mTc, 27% with 67Ga, 33% with 123I, and 10% with 131I. In the clinical study, L-PA reduced the average dose per day by 43%. Therefore, L-PA could have sufficient shielding ability for daily work, mainly using 99mTc, and could be recommended by considering PA weight.
Effects of Monaural versus Binaural Stimulation on P300 Scalp Topography in Elderly Listeners
Authors: Downs C. Renee , Hymel Murvin R. , Cranford Jerry L.
Published: February 2022

The P300 event-related potential was recorded from groups of young and elderly listeners in response to monaural and binaural stimulation. An oddball stimulus paradigm was used to record responses from 19 scalp locations. When listening to binaural stimuli, the young group showed midline and central P300 amplitude maxima, whereas the elderly group exhibited maximal responses in the midline and parietal regions. With monaural stimulation, the young group's responses were similar to those obtained with binaural stimulation. The elderly group, however, showed evidence of a greater contralateral hemisphere response to monaural stimulation during the early part of the P300 response. These findings support the possibility that the P300 neural generators may change with age with respect to temporal onset characteristics or their orientation and strength.

Abbreviations: EEG = electroencephalographic, GFP = global field power
Transanal Endoscopic Platforms: TAMIS versus Rigid Platforms: Pros and Cons
Authors: Devane Liam A. , Daly Meghan C. , Albert Matthew R.
Published: February 2022

Transanal endoscopic surgery encompasses the minimally invasive surgical techniques used to operate in the rectum under magnification while maintaining pneumorectum via a resectoscope or port. The view, magnification, and surgical precision afforded by these advanced transanal techniques have resulted in excellent specimen quality and low recurrence rates, especially compared with traditional transanal surgery. For rigid platforms, the surgeon operates through a rigid 4-cm diameter steel proctoscope of varying lengths that is clamped to the operating table with an articulating arm. Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is a newer flexible platform using a disposable port which “hooks” into the anorectal ring to remain in place. The cost-effectiveness and versatility of the TAMIS platform have resulted in its popularity and use in more advanced applications such as transanal total mesorectal excision. Ultimately, the choice of operating platform should be based on surgeon preference, patient characteristics, availability, and cost. The pros and cons of each platform will be discussed in this article.
Transanal Endoscopic Surgery: Who Should Be Doing This Procedure?
Authors: Fournier François Rouleau , Brown Carl James
Published: February 2022

Transanal endoscopic surgery (TES) was introduced in the 1980s, but more widely adopted in the late 2000s with innovations in instrumentation and training. Moreover, the global adoption of minimally invasive approaches to abdominal procedures has led to translatable skills for TES among colorectal and general surgeons. While there are similarities to laparoscopic surgery, TES has unique challenges related to the narrow confines of intraluminal surgery, angled instrumentation, and relatively uncommon indications limiting the opportunity to practice. The following review discusses the current evidence on TES learning curves, including potential limitations related to the broad adoption of TES by general surgeons. This article aims to provide general recommendations for the safe expansion of TES.
Indications and Surgical Technique for Transanal Proctectomy and Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Yuen Andrew , Brar Mantaj S. , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony
Published: February 2022

Surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease has advanced significantly over the years. One particular focus of its evolution has been to minimize invasiveness. Transanal surgery has given the contemporary surgeon an alternate approach to access the low rectum situated in the confines of the deep pelvis. In benign disease, combining transanal surgery with laparoscopy has allowed for the development of novel techniques to create ileal pouch–anal anastomoses, perform intersphincteric Crohn's proctectomies, manage complications from pelvic surgery, and facilitate redo pelvic surgery. We aim to review the indications for transanal surgery in benign disease, describe an approach to transanal pouch surgery in detail, and discuss the potential benefits, pitfalls, and contentious issues surrounding this approach.
Dealing with Complications of Colorectal Surgery Using the Transanal Approach—When and How?
Authors: Talboom K. , Tanis P. J. , Bemelman W. A. , Hompes R.
Published: February 2022

The transanal approach is a new and exciting addition to the surgeons' repertoire to deal with complications after colorectal surgery. Improved exposure, accessibility, and visibility greatly facilitate adequate dissection of the affected area with potential increase in effectiveness and reduced morbidity. An essential component in salvaging anastomotic leaks of low colorectal, coloanal, or ileoanal anastomoses is early diagnosis and early treatment, especially when starting with endoscopic vacuum therapy, followed by early surgical closure (endoscopic vacuum-assisted surgical closure). Redo surgery using a transanal minimally invasive surgery platform for chronic leaks after total mesorectal excision surgery or surgical causes of pouch failure successfully mitigates limited visibility and exposure by using a bottom-up approach.
Hohe Inzidzenzzahlen: Immer mehr Klinikpersonal meldet sich krank
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: February 2022

Die hohen Inzidenzen der aktuellen Corona-Welle stellen Kliniken vor ganz neue Herausforderungen. Unter Omikron sind zwar die Covid-19-Intensivstationen nicht mehr überfüllt, dafür füllen sich die Normalstationen. Zudem meldet sich immer mehr Personal krank oder ist in Quarantäne. Das bringt manche Krankenhäuser an den Rand der Belastbarkeit.
Spitzenfrauen: Im Revier der Platzhirsche
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: February 2022

Die Mehrheit der Beschäftigten im deutschen Gesundheitswesen ist weiblich. In Führungspositionen sind Frauen allerdings nach wie vor deutlich unterrepräsentiert, gerade auf Ebene des Top-Managements. Das gilt auch für Krankenhäuser.
Buchtipp: Good Practice-Beispiele sollen Mut machen
Authors: Orth Anne
Published: February 2022

Der Digitalisierung gehört die Zukunft in der Medizin und im Gesundheitswesen, und in dieser sind Frauen noch immer deutlich unterrepräsentiert. Das wollen die beiden Herausgeberinnen und der Herausgeber des Kompendiums „Frauen in der digitalen Zukunft der Medizin und Gesundheitswirtschaft“ ändern.
Digitalisierung: Mehr Zeit für menschliche Nähe schaffen
Authors: Alexandre Marco
Published: February 2022

Die Pflege gilt als eine der wichtigsten sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Aufgaben. Ohne eine stärkere Digitalisierung wird sie zukünftig weder zu organisieren, noch zu finanzieren sein. Sie hilft aber nur, wenn sie tatsächlich zu einer spürbaren Arbeitsentlastung für das Personal führt.
Interview: „Die psychosoziale Belastung der Pflegenden wird einfach hingenommen”
Authors: König Romy
Published: February 2022

Martina Hasseler ist Pflegewissenschaftlerin an der Fakultät Gesundheitswesen der Ostfalia Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften. Sie ist nah dran an Deutschlands Pflegekräften, sucht das Gespräch mit ihnen. Die berichten ihr von einer zunehmenden Belastung. Und von fragwürdigen Geschenken.
Lexical Effects on Dichotic Word Recognition in Young and Elderly Listeners
Authors: Carter Anne Strouse , Wilson Richard H.
Published: February 2022

Dichotic listening was evaluated using monosyllabic word pairs that differed in lexical difficulty as defined by the Neighborhood Activation Model of spoken word recognition. Four combinations of lexically EASY and lexically HARD words were evaluated (same pair: EASY-EASY, HARD-HARD; or mixed pair: EASY-HARD, HARD-EASY) in young adult listeners with normal hearing and older adult listeners with mild-to-moderate hearing loss. The same-pair data indicated that for all subjects, EASY words were identified correctly more often than HARD words, and recognition performance on words presented to the right ear was better than performance on words presented to the left ear. Overall performance was lower and the right-ear advantage was larger for the older group. The mixed-pair data for the young group revealed that EASY words were recognized more accurately than HARD words, regardless of the ear to which they were presented. For the older adults, the words presented to the right ear were recognized more accurately than were the words presented to the left ear, regardless of the type of word. The efficiency of the processing of stimuli from the left ear is discussed as an explanation of the results for the mixed-pair conditions.

Abbreviations: ANCOVA = analysis of covariance, ANOVA = analysis of variance, CV = consonant-vowel, NAM = Neighborhood Activation Model
Effect of COVID-19 on agricultural production and food security: A scientometric analysis
Authors: Okolie Collins C. , Ogundeji Abiodun A.
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease has created an unexpected negative situation globally, impacting the agricultural sector, economy, human health, and food security. This study examined research on COVID-19 in relation to agricultural production and food security. Research articles published in Web of Science and Scopus were sourced, considering critical situations and circumstance posed by COVID-19 pandemic with regards to the shortage of agricultural production activities and threat to food security systems. In total, 174 published papers in BibTeX format were downloaded for further study. To assess the relevant documents, authors used “effects of COVID-19 on agricultural production and food security (ECAP-FS) as a search keyword for research published between 2016 and April 2021 utilising bibliometric innovative methods. The findings indicated an annual growth rate of about 56.64%, indicating that research on ECAP-FS increased over time within the study period. Nevertheless, the research output on ECAP-FS varied with 2020 accounting for 38.5%, followed by 2021 with 37.9% as at April 2021. The proposed four stage processes for merging two databases for bibliometric analyses clearly showed that one can run collaboration network analyses, authors coupling among other analyses by following our procedure and finally using net2VOSviewer, which is embedded in Rstudio software package. The study concluded that interruptions in agricultural food supply as a result of the pandemic impacted supply and demand shocks with negative impacts on all the four pillars of food security.
Theory of drain noise in high electron mobility transistors based on real-space transfer
Authors: Esho Iretomiwa , Choi Alexander Y. , Minnich Austin J.
Published: February 2022

High electron mobility transistors are widely used as microwave amplifiers owing to their low microwave noise figure. Electronic noise in these devices is typically modeled by noise sources at the gate and drain. While consensus exists regarding the origin of the gate noise, that of drain noise is a topic of debate. Here, we report a theory of drain noise as a type of partition noise arising from real-space transfer of hot electrons from the channel to the barrier. The theory accounts for the magnitude and dependencies of the drain temperature and suggests strategies to realize devices with lower noise figure.
Sum frequency generation as a proxy for ellipsometry: Not just a phase
Authors: Dramstad Thorn A. , Wu Zhihao , Massari Aaron M.
Published: February 2022

Infrared refractive indices of organic materials are typically resolved through IR ellipsometry. This technique takes advantage of optical interference effects to solve the optical constants. These are the same effects that complicate the analysis of coherent spectroscopy experiments on thin films. Vibrational sum frequency generation is an interface-specific coherent spectroscopy that requires spectral modeling to account for optical interference effects to uncover interfacial molecular responses. Here, we explore the possibility of leveraging incident beam geometries and sample thicknesses to simultaneously obtain the molecular responses and refractive indices. Globally fitting a higher number of spectra with a single set of refractive indices increases the fidelity of the fitted parameters. Finally, we test our method on samples with a range of thicknesses and compare the results to those obtained by IR ellipsometry.
Growing neoclassical tearing modes seeded via transient-induced-multimode interactions
Authors: Howell E. C. , King J. R. , Kruger S. E. , Callen J. D. , La Haye R. J. , Wilcox R. S.
Published: February 2022

Nonlinear extended magnetohydrodynamics simulations demonstrating seeding of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) via magnetohydrodynamics-transient-induced multimode interactions are presented. Simulations of NTMs are enabled by two recent NIMROD code developments: the implementation of heuristic neoclassical stresses and the application of transient magnetic perturbations (MPs) at the boundary. NTMs are driven unstable by the inherently pressure driven kinetic bootstrap current, which arises due to collisional viscosity between passing and trapped electrons. These simulations use heuristic closures that model the neoclassical electron and ion stresses. NTM growth requires a seed island, which is generated by a transiently applied MP in simulations. The capability is demonstrated using kinetic-based reconstructions with flow of a DIII-D ITER Baseline Scenario discharge (La Haye et al., in Proceedings IAEA FEC, 2020). The applied MP seeds a 2/1 NTM that grows in two phases: a slow growth phase followed by a faster robust growth phase. Additionally, an evolving sequence of higher order core modes are excited at first. Power transfer analysis shows that nonlinear interactions between the core modes and the 2/1 helps drive the initial slow growth. Once the induced 2/1 magnetic island reaches a critical width, the NTM transitions to faster robust growth, which is well described by the nonlinear modified Rutherford equation. This work highlights the role of nonlinear mode coupling in seeding NTMs.
Rotational and translational diffusion of liquid n-hexane: EFP-based molecular dynamics analysis
Authors: Kim Yu Lim , Gordon Mark S. , Garcia Andres , Evans James W.
Published: February 2022

Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations based on the Effective Fragment Potential (EFP) method are utilized to provide a comprehensive assessment of diffusion in liquid n-hexane. We decompose translational diffusion into components along and orthogonal to the long axis of the molecule. Rotational diffusion is decomposed into tumbling and spinning motions about this axis. Our analysis yields four corresponding diffusion coefficients which are related to diagonal entries in the complete 6 × 6 diffusion tensor accounting for the three rotational and three translational degrees of freedom and for the potential coupling between them. However, coupling between different degrees of freedom is expected to be minimal for a natural choice of the molecular body-fixed axis, so then off-diagonal entries in the tensor are negligible. This expectation is supported by a hydrodynamic analysis of the diffusion tensor which treats the liquid surrounding the molecule being tracked as a viscous continuum. Thus, the EFP MD analysis provides a comprehensive characterization of diffusion and also reveals expected shortcomings of the hydrodynamic treatment, particularly for rotational diffusion, when applied to neat liquids.
Experimental evidence of the Poisson-like effect for flexural waves in thin metallic plates
Authors: Sánchez-Dehesa José , Gao Penglin , Cervera Francisco , Broatch Alberto , García-Tíscar Jorge , Felgueroso Andrés
Published: February 2022

This Letter reports the feasibility of a structure specifically designed for the control of flexural waves propagating in thin perforated plates. The structure, here denominated as a redirector device, consists of a square array of free holes that splits the impinging beam and transmits sideways their vibrational energy. This behavior is known as a Poisson-like effect, and it was theoretically described in different acoustic structures. This effect is experimentally demonstrated for flexural waves excited in an aluminum perforated plate, and it is explained in terms of a physical mechanism different to that reported for acoustic waves interacting with thin hollow cylinders embedded in water. In addition, a collimator device based also in free holes is designed and validated with the purpose of providing the beam impinging the redirector device. The measurements indicate that the amount of redirected energy is strongly enhanced when a barrier of two-beam resonators is added at the rear side of the redirector. All the designs are validated by an experimental setup employing 1 mm thick aluminum plates.
Study of black phosphorus quantum dot modified SnO2-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhao Chengpeng , Zhang Yiyuan , Sun Shipeng , Wang Xueyan , Xu Mengqi , Zhang Lisheng , Fang Yan , Wang Peijie
Published: February 2022

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells are considered promising due to their strong light absorption capability, long carrier diffusion distance, and rapid increase in energy conversion efficiency in the past decade. However, there is a high concentration of defects between the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer, which can lead to limited carrier extraction and, thus, affect the device efficiency. Black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) have the advantages of tunable bandgap size, high absorption coefficient, and high electron mobility. Therefore, we introduced black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) in aqueous SnO2 colloidal solution by laser liquid-phase ablation to improve the carrier extraction rate and reduce the trap density. By characterizing the prepared complete devices, we found that the device efficiency reached 15.83% after the introduction of BPQDs, which is 12% higher compared to 14.06% for the blank sample. Our work provides a simple and fast method to enhance the efficiency of perovskite solar cells.
A Hessian-based assessment of atomic forces for training machine learning interatomic potentials
Authors: Herbold Marius , Behler Jörg
Published: February 2022

In recent years, many types of machine learning potentials (MLPs) have been introduced, which are able to represent high-dimensional potential-energy surfaces (PESs) with close to first-principles accuracy. Most current MLPs rely on atomic energy contributions given as a function of the local chemical environments. Frequently, in addition to total energies, atomic forces are also used to construct the potentials, as they provide detailed local information about the PES. Since many systems are too large for electronic structure calculations, obtaining reliable reference forces from smaller subsystems, such as molecular fragments or clusters, can substantially simplify the construction of the training sets. Here, we propose a method to determine structurally converged molecular fragments, providing reliable atomic forces based on an analysis of the Hessian. The method, which serves as a locality test and allows us to estimate the importance of long-range interactions, is illustrated for a series of molecular model systems and the metal–organic framework MOF-5 as an example for a complex organic–inorganic hybrid material.
Light extraction employing optical tunneling in blue InP quantum dot light-emitting diodes
Authors: Mei Guanding , Tan Yangzhi , Sun Jiayun , Wu Dan , Zhang Tianqi , Liu Haochen , Liu Pai , Sun Xiao Wei , Choy Wallace C. H. , Wang Kai
Published: February 2022

Blue InP quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are promising candidates for environmental-friendly displays. To achieve efficient blue InP QLEDs through light extraction, the internal grating structure is a feasible way to extract waveguide modes, but it may bring complicated fabrication process and deteriorated electrical performance. In this work, we proposed an effective strategy to extract light from waveguide modes to air modes by using a thin hole transport layer (HTL), a high-index substrate, and substrate surface-roughening. Through optical tunneling, the thin HTL and the high-index substrate facilitate light transmission from waveguide modes to substrate modes. Thus, substrate surface-roughening can be applied to further extract light from enhanced substrate modes to air modes. As a result, light extraction efficiency has been significantly improved, leading to an external quantum efficiency enhancement from 2.1% to 2.8%, which is a record value among counterparts to date. This light extraction strategy is simple but effective to exploit the potential of high-efficiency (blue InP) QLEDs.
Machine learning studies on asymmetric relay Heck reaction—Potential avenues for reaction development
Authors: Das Manajit , Sharma Pooja , Sunoj Raghavan B.
Published: February 2022

The integration of machine learning (ML) methods into chemical catalysis is evolving as a new paradigm for cost and time economic reaction development in recent times. Although there have been several successful applications of ML in catalysis, the prediction of enantioselectivity (ee) remains challenging. Herein, we describe a ML workflow to predict ee of an important class of catalytic asymmetric transformation, namely, the relay Heck (RH) reaction. A random forest ML model, built using quantum chemically derived mechanistically relevant physical organic descriptors as features, is found to predict the ee remarkably well with a low root mean square error of 8.0 ± 1.3. Importantly, the model is effective in predicting the unseen variants of an asymmetric RH reaction. Furthermore, we predicted the ee for thousands of unexplored complementary reactions, including those leading to a good number of bioactive frameworks, by engaging different combinations of catalysts and substrates drawn from the original dataset. Our ML model developed on the available examples would be able to assist in exploiting the fuller potential of asymmetric RH reactions through a priori predictions before the actual experimentation, which would thus help surpass the trial and error loop to a larger degree.
Probe-induced surface defects: Origin of leakage current in halide vapor-phase epitaxial (001) β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Sdoeung Sayleap , Sasaki Kohei , Kawasaki Katsumi , Hirabayashi Jun , Kuramata Akito , Kasu Makoto
Published: February 2022

The elimination of killer defects, which are responsible for the reverse leakage current and breakdown at low voltage in β-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), is crucial for the commercialization of the power devices. We found probe-induced surface defects, which act as a reverse leakage current path in β-Ga2O3 SBDs. Each defect corresponds to a reverse leakage current of −0.725 μA at a reverse bias of −140 V. These defects are wrinkle shaped, which consists of a pair of the convex and concave structures, as observed by atomic force microscopy. The residual strain around the defects was observed as bright contrasts in the x-ray topography image. The surface defect comprised an 83 nm high convex and a 26 nm deep concave structure. A probe attachment at the pressure of 0.206 GPa induced the surface defect along with a reverse leakage current of −3.75 nA at a reverse voltage of −140 V.
Study of second optical harmonic generation in terahertz pulse-induced antiferromagnetic NiO
Authors: Chefonov O.V. , Ovchinnikov A.V. , Agranat M.B.
Published: February 2022

Intense terahertz pulses and a process of second harmonic generation are promising methods for exciting and studying an ultrafast dynamic response in magnetically ordered systems, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics on the picosecond time scale. In the present work, we report experimental results on generation of second optical harmonic in centrosymmetric antiferromagnetic NiO induced by intense terahertz pulses with an electric field strength of up to 20 MV cm−1.
Phase combining of radiation from a two-channel explosively pumped photodissociation iodine laser with an SBS mirror
Authors: Garanin S.G. , Dolgopolov Yu.V. , Kachalin G.N. , Kopalkin A.V. , Kulikov S.M. , Pevnyi S.N. , Starikov F.A. , Sukharev S.A.
Published: February 2022

A two-channel double-pass iodine explosively pumped photodissociation laser (EPPL) with an explosively pumped master oscillator (MO) and an SBS mirror is studied. The radiation source, determined by an aperture 6 mm in diameter, through which the radiation from MO enters the turbulent surface air path, is located at a distance of 2.5 km from the amplifier unit input. An SBS mirror with a kinoform raster of microlenses is used to compensate for the amplifier and path optical inhomogeneities and to match the phases in the EPPL channels. The energy and spatial characteristics of the EPPL output radiation are studied experimentally and numerically. Good agreement is obtained between the experimental and calculated distribution of the energy density of the output EPPL radiation in the plane of the MO aperture, which is a pattern of interference between the two channels. The maximum energy density in the aperture plane is by more than 4 times greater than in the case of a single-channel EPPL.
Light bullets in transparent dielectrics
Authors: Kandidov V.P. , Zaloznaya E.D. , Dormidonov A.E. , Kompanets V.O. , Chekalin S.V.
Published: February 2022

This paper presents a retrospective analysis of the development of notions in nonlinear optics: from beam self-focusing and pulse filamentation to light bullets – wave packets extremely compressed in space and time during laser light propagation in the bulk of a transparent medium. We describe the state of the art in studies of mid-IR light bullets in condensed media and air.
Post-compression of femtosecond laser pulses using self-phase modulation: from kilowatts to petawatts in 40 years
Authors: Khazanov E.A.
Published: February 2022

The pulse duration at the output of femtosecond lasers is usually close to the Fourier limit, and can be shortened by increasing the spectral width. To this end, use is made of self-phase modulation when a pulse propagates in a medium with cubic nonlinearity. Then, the pulse with a chirp (frequency dependence of the spectrum phase) is compressed due to a linear dispersion element, which introduces a chirp of the same modulus, but opposite in sign. This pulse post-compression, known since the 1960s, has been widely used and is being developed up to the present for pulses with energies from fractions of a nJ to tens of J. The review is devoted to the theoretical foundations of this method, problems of energy scaling, and a discussion of the results of more than 150 experimental studies.
Efficient SRS of chirped Ti : sapphire laser pulses in BaWO4 crystals
Authors: Kinyaevskiy I.O. , Kovalev V.I. , Koribut A.V. , Grudtsyn Ya.V. , Seleznev L.V. , Dunaeva E.E. , Ionin A.A.
Published: February 2022

We report an experimental study of SRS of chirped 40-ps Ti : sapphire laser pulses with a transform-limited duration of 0.35 ps and centre wavelength of 925 nm in BaWO4 crystals. The highest generation efficiency for the ∼925 cm−1 shifted Stokes signal of SRS by the ν
1 vibrational mode of BaWO4 crystals has been reached using three sequentially located crystals with a total length of 3.3 cm. The position of the crystals after a focusing mirror has been optimised, which has ensured a pump-to-Stokes conversion efficiency of ∼50 % in terms of spectral brightness and ∼20 % in terms of pulse energy.
Broadband two-dimensional spectrochronography with ultrashort pulses in the mid-infrared
Authors: Stepanov E.A. , Zhdanov A.N. , Savitskii I.V. , Glek P.B. , Lanin A.A. , Fedotov A.B. , Zheltikov A.M.
Published: February 2022

A novel, 2.6-to-10-μm wavelength-tunable laser source of sub-70-fs pulses is combined with mid-IR heterodyne detection to provide a versatile laser platform for broadband two-dimensional Fourier-transform infrared spectrochronography. The mid-infrared laser output serves as both a short-pulse driver and a broadband probe for time-resolved studies of ultrafast molecular coherence, population dynamics, and multimodal energy transfer in a vast class of complex molecular systems.
Disentangling the behavioural and fibre influences of nesting enrichment for sows on piglet survival
Authors: Plush Kate J. , Nowland Tanya L.
Published: February 2022

The pork industry is willing to adopt practices that improve the welfare of pigs, but these practices should be evaluated appropriately to ensure success for all stakeholders. Nest-building is a highly conserved, innate behaviour that, despite many years of domestication, still exists in commercial sows. The behaviour is inhibited because of confinement within a crate and the absence of appropriate materials. Allowing the sow to perform some aspects of nesting will enhance welfare, as well as offspring survival through improved farrowing ease, reduced risky posture changes, and increased maternal bonding and colostrum/milk access. The aim of this review was to summarise outcomes from nesting investigations that utlise different substrates on piglet survival. The most commonly studied nesting enrichment material is straw, and it can be argued that straw has the most consistent and positive influence on piglet survival. However, in addition to using it to build a nest, sows will consume large volumes of straw, which increases dietary fibre intake. Fibre improves gastrointestinal health, energy release and satiety, all of which have been shown to offer similar benefits to piglet survival as allowing the sow to nest. So, to argue that straw is the most appropriate nesting substrate when using piglet survival as a benchmark is flawed. There may be an opportunity to exploit nesting materials other than straw that are easier for the industry to adopt in combination with high fibre peri-parturient diets, and such strategies should be considered.
Molecular architecture determines brain delivery of a transferrin receptor–targeted lysosomal enzyme
Authors: Arguello Annie , Mahon Cathal S. , Calvert Meredith E.K. , Chan Darren , Dugas Jason C. , Pizzo Michelle E. , Thomsen Elliot R. , Chau Roni , Damo Lorna A. , Duque Joseph , Fang Meng , Giese Tina , Kim Do Jin , Liang Nicholas , Nguyen Hoang N. , Solanoy Hilda , Tsogtbaatar Buyankhishig , Ullman Julie C. , Wang Junhua , Dennis Mark S. , Diaz Dolores , Gunasekaran Kannan , Henne Kirk R. , Lewcock Joseph W. , Sanchez Pascal E. , Troyer Matthew D. , Harris Jeffrey M. , Scearce-Levie Kimberly , Shan Lu , Watts Ryan J. , Thorne Robert G. , Henry Anastasia G. , Kariolis Mihalis S.
Published: February 2022

Delivery of biotherapeutics across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a challenge. Many approaches fuse biotherapeutics to platforms that bind the transferrin receptor (TfR), a brain endothelial cell target, to facilitate receptor-mediated transcytosis across the BBB. Here, we characterized the pharmacological behavior of two distinct TfR-targeted platforms fused to iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS), a lysosomal enzyme deficient in mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), and compared the relative brain exposures and functional activities of both approaches in mouse models. IDS fused to a moderate-affinity, monovalent TfR-binding enzyme transport vehicle (ETV:IDS) resulted in widespread brain exposure, internalization by parenchymal cells, and significant substrate reduction in the CNS of an MPS II mouse model. In contrast, IDS fused to a standard high-affinity bivalent antibody (IgG:IDS) resulted in lower brain uptake, limited biodistribution beyond brain endothelial cells, and reduced brain substrate reduction. These results highlight important features likely to impact the clinical development of TfR-targeting platforms in MPS II and potentially other CNS diseases.
Disruption of thymic central tolerance by infection with murine roseolovirus induces autoimmune gastritis
Authors: Bigley Tarin M. , Yang Liping , Kang Liang-I , Saenz Jose B. , Victorino Francisco , Yokoyama Wayne M.
Published: February 2022

Infections with herpesviruses, including human roseoloviruses, have been proposed to cause autoimmune disease, but defining a causal relationship and mechanism has been difficult due to the ubiquitous nature of infection and development of autoimmunity long after acute infection. Murine roseolovirus (MRV) is highly related to human roseoloviruses. Herein we show that neonatal MRV infection induced autoimmune gastritis (AIG) in adult mice in the absence of ongoing infection. MRV-induced AIG was dependent on replication during the neonatal period and was CD4+ T cell and IL-17 dependent. Moreover, neonatal MRV infection was associated with development of a wide array of autoantibodies in adult mice. Finally, neonatal MRV infection reduced medullary thymic epithelial cell numbers, thymic dendritic cell numbers, and thymic expression of AIRE and tissue-restricted antigens, in addition to increasing thymocyte apoptosis at the stage of negative selection. These findings strongly suggest that infection with a roseolovirus early in life results in disruption of central tolerance and development of autoimmune disease.
A quantum corrected R–N–AdS black hole and it’s thermodynamics of phase transition
Authors: Wu Shanping , Liu Chengzhou
Published: February 2022

To investigate the quantum gravity effects on the black hole thermodynamics, we studied the phase transition in a quantum corrected R–N–AdS black holes. First, based on the work of Kazakov and Solodukhin, the spherically symmetric quantum fluctuation is applied to R–N–AdS black hole, and the metric is given. Next, we investigate the basic thermodynamic quantity and Smarr formula, and then propose that the quantum correction parameter a should also be treated as a variable to ensure the establishment of the new Smarr formula. Finally, the P–V diagram and phase transition for the quantum corrected R–N–AdS black hole are studied. Compared with the existing research on R–N–AdS black hole, some effects by quantum fluctuation are analyzed and presented. First, the quantum correction will weaken the charge effect of the black hole. Second, the P–V curve of the quantum corrected black hole is no longer analogous to that of Van Der Waals (VDW) gas exactly. Third, the black hole has two more phase states than R–N–AdS black hole. One is a remnant phase state, the other is an unstable phase state. And both are derived from the quantum corrections of the black hole.
High precision six-degree-of-freedom interferometer for test mass readout
Authors: Yan Hao , Yeh Hsien-Chi , Mao Qiuli
Published: February 2022

High precision six-degree-of-freedom sensing plays an important role in future gravitational space missions. In gravitational or geodesy missions, measurements of all six degrees of freedom of freely floating test mass are required for reducing the cross-coupling noise, which is frequently an important limiting factor in the performance. Interferometry and capacitive sensing have been successfully combined in LISA pathfinder to achieve six degrees of freedom measurements. In this paper, we report a six-degree-of-freedom interferometer system based on multiplex differential wavefront sensing and longitudinal pathlength sensing. Compared to conventional capacitive sensing or optical levers, it has a higher measurement accuracy. The results of our table-top experiment show motion in all six degrees of freedom of a cubic test mass are simultaneously measured with a translational and tilt sensitivity of 100 pm/Hz1/2 and 10 nrad Hz−1/2 above 1 Hz, respectively. The translational dynamic range is greater than ±10 mm with nonlinear residuals less than 6 μm, and the tilt dynamic range is approximately ±500 μrad with nonlinear residuals less than 60 μrad. The coupling errors between multiple degrees of freedom are dominated by tilt-to-translation and tilt-to-tilt coupling, which are roughly 2–4 μm and 15–25 μrad, respectively, within a range of [−500 μrad, +500 μrad].
Zeta function regularization technique in the electrostatics context for discrete charge distributions
Authors: Escalante F
Published: February 2022

Spectral functions, such as the zeta functions, are widely used in quantum field theory to calculate physical quantities. In this work, we compute the electrostatic potential and field due to an infinite discrete distribution of point charges, using the zeta function regularization technique. This method allows us to remove the infinities that appear in the resulting expression. We found that the asymptotic behavior dependence of the potential and field is similar to the cases of continuous charge distribution. Finally, this exercise can be useful for graduate students to explore spectral and special functions.
Carbon K-edge x-ray emission spectroscopy of gas phase ethylenic molecules
Authors: Ingle R A , Banerjee A , Bacellar C , Barillot T R , Longetti L , Coreno M , de Simone M , Zuccaro F , Poletto L , Miotti P , Röder A , Stolow A , Schuurman M S , Odelius M , Chergui M
Published: February 2022

We report on the C K-edge x-ray absorption spectra and the resonant (RXES) and non-resonant (NXES) x-ray emission spectra of ethylene, allene and butadiene in the gas phase. The RXES and NXES show clear differences for the different molecules. Overall both types of spectra are more structured for ethylene and allene, than for butadiene. Using density functional theory–restricted open shell configuration interaction single calculations, we simulate the spectra with remarkable agreement with the experiment. We identify the spectral features as being due to transitions involving localised 1s orbitals. For allene, there are distinct spectral bands that reflect transitions predominantly from either the central or terminal carbon atoms. These results are discussed in the context of ultrafast x-ray studies aimed at detecting the passage through conical intersections in polyatomic molecules.
Review of in-space plasma diagnostics for studying the Earth’s ionosphere
Authors: Velásquez-García Luis Fernando , Izquierdo-Reyes Javier , Kim Hyeonseok
Published: February 2022

This review details the state of the art in in-space plasma diagnostics for characterizing the Earth’s ionosphere. The review provides a historical perspective, focusing on the last 20 years and on eight of the most commonly used plasma sensors—most of them for in situ probing, many of them with completed/in-progress space missions: (a) Langmuir probes, (b) retarding potential analysers, (c) ion drift meters, (d) Faraday cups, (e) integrated miniaturized electrostatic analysers, (f) multipole resonance probes, (g) Fourier transform infrared spectrometers, and (h) ultraviolet absorption spectrometers. For each sensor, the review covers (a) a succinct description of its principle of operation, (b) highlights of the reported hardware flown/planned to fly in a satellite or that could be put in a CubeSat given that is miniaturized, and (c) a brief description of the space missions that have utilized such sensor and their findings. Finally, the review suggests tentative directions for future research.