bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear localized magnetization wave in a ferromagnet as a bound state of a large number of magnons
Authors: Kosevich A. M. , Ivanov B. A. , Kovalev A. S.
Published: November 2024

A new type of exact solution is found for the one-dimensional nonlinear equations describing magnetization dynamics in anisotropic ferromagnets. The two-parameter solution has the shape of a localized wave moving with a constant velocity V, in which the magnetization vector precesses with a fixed frequency ω'. The long-wave approximation does not impose any restrictions on the magnitude of the velocity V. The quantum analogue of such a wave is shown to be a bound state of a large number of magnons. The wave parameters, V and ω, are expressed through the integrals of motion P, the magnetization wave momentum, and N, the total number of spin deviations in the wave. The wave energy E is calculated as a periodic function of P. The quasiclassical solution is compared with the result obtained for the exactly solvable quantum problem. It is concluded that the localized waves in a ferromagnet can be observed experimentally.
Plastic deformation of solid hydrogen
Authors: Krupskii I. N. , Leont'eva A. V. , Indan L. A. , Evdokimova O. V.
Published: November 2024

Investigations are carried out on the creep of normal hydrogen over wide ranges of temperature and stress. It is shown that plastic deformation of solid n-H2 is conditioned by two different mechanisms. The important influence is revealed of the electrostatic quadrupole-quadrupole interaction of orthomolecules on the rate of plastic deformation of n-H2 in the low temperature region. The role of quantum effects is discussed.
Electron-fractographic investigation of the failure of polycrystalline nickel at low temperatures
Authors: Stepanenko V. A. , Pustovalov V. V. , Kononenko V. I.
Published: November 2024

Fracture processes of polycrystalline nickel are studied over the temperature range 1.6−300°K by means of the scanning electron microscopy method. The results of the investigation are compared with the temperature dependences of the macroscopic characteristics of plastic deformation.
Wave propagation in fluids with a nonlinear friction–velocity relationship (in the example of He II)
Authors: Adamenko I. N.
Published: November 2024

The propagation of sound is discussed for a continuum in which the friction force differs for positive and negative values of the oscillatory particle velocity. This asymmetry is created by a nonlinear velocity dependence of the friction force. It is shown that the sound wave in this case has an unusual space–time dependence. The latter, in particular, produces mass transfer of the fluid. An example of such a fluid in which the indicated effect has actually been observed is superfluid helium. The results are compared with experimental data. A comparison of this kind can yield information, in particular, about the relaxation times of the processes responsible for the cutoff of superfluid motion.
The effect of nonlinear friction force on the pressure modulated He II flow velocity in narrow pores
Authors: Dyumin N. E. , Esel’son B. N.
Published: November 2024

We studied the pressure-modulated flow of He II through narrow pores. It was found that oscilla­tions superimposed on the helium flow bring about a relaxation character of the flow dependence on the oscillation frequency. This phenomenon is explained by a nonlinear relationship between the flow velocity and friction and by a finite time for the onset of dissipation which is estimated to be about 2.5 ·10−3 sec in this experiment.
Thermodynamic perturbation theory and quantum effects in liquid hydrogen. II. Quantum-statistical corrections
Authors: Marinin V. S. , Pashkov V. V.
Published: November 2024

Perturbation theory is used to calculate more accurately the thermodynamic properties of liquid hydrogen by taking into account the quantum-statistical effects. A better agreement with experiment is obtained for the compressibility and heat capacity.
Distribution of nonequilibrium excitations and phonon generation in superconducting tunnel junctions
Authors: Kirichenko I. K. , Seminozhenko V. P.
Published: November 2024

On the basis of the complete system of equations which describe the nonequilibrium states of S1–I–S2 tunnel junctions caused by a quasiparticle current, distributions are obtained of the electron excitations in S-films of a symmetric junction (identical films forming a tunnel junction) for arbitrary transparencies of the tunnel barrier in the case T⪡Δ,eV—2Δ ⪡2Δ (eV is the applied voltage, and Δ is the energy gap). The effect of suppressing the superconductivity in the nonequilibrium state (eV > 2Δ) is considered. A theory is given for the generation of phonons with the frequency ω ≥ 2Δ by quasiparticle tunneling. Results of already known experiments are explained and new features of the distribution of recombination phonons being generated are predicted.
Influence of a change in the topology of the Fermi surface on the coefficient of ultrasound absorption in superconductors
Authors: Palistrant M. E.
Published: November 2024

The coefficient of ultrasound absorption in superconductors is calculated when an ellipsoidal cavity or plane sections arise on the Fermi surface under pressure, and also for the rupture of a neck. A significant dependence of the coefficient of sound absorption on the geometry of the isoenergetic surface is obtained.
Magnetooptical studies of the magnetic-field breakdown of the antiferromagnetic structure of iron carbonate. Depolarization of light in the magnetic transformation process
Authors: Belyi L. I. , Kharchenko N. P.
Published: November 2024

The depolarization of light in a natural crystal of iron carbonate is investigated during the process of breakdown of its antiferromagnetic structure under the action of a pulsed magnetic field. It is shown that the depolarization of light is caused by magnetic inhomogeneities. Two methods are proposed for the formation of macroscopic inhomogeneities of the magnetization. One of these is associated with the formation of structural defects in the specimen during magnetic phase transitions in a pulsed field, the other is associated with magnetic phase lamination in the neighborhoods of the fields H1 and H2. From the experimental results it follows that the magnetic state of the specimen in the interval of fields (H1–H2) cannot be represented as a mixture or two magnetic phases. Under definite conditions the specimen is magnetically homogeneous in this region of fields (excluding narrow neighborhoods of the fields of the first order phase transitions H1 and H2).
Correlation forces in rare gas crystals
Authors: Ratner A. M.
Published: November 2024

The potential energy of a lattice with atoms displaced from their sites is treated. Besides the repulsion energy calculated earlier by the spatial restriction method, the van der Waals correlation energy, binding the atoms to form a crystal, is calculated. An atomic model giving quantiative agreement with a large set of experimental data is used to find the leading terms of the asymptotic expansion of the correlation energy, taking account of the many-body interaction of atoms and their multipole moments. The lattice potential energy is represented as a sum of pair energies extracted from the many-body interaction.
A metaheuristic approach to model the effect of temperature on urban electricity need utilizing XGBoost and modified boxing match algorithm
Authors: Liao Nihuan , Hu Zhihong , Magami Davud
Published: November 2024

A nonlinear and complicated phenomenon of the relationship between urban electricity needs and temperature influences the operation and planning of power systems. Ensuring the effectiveness and reliability of the power supply requires precise prediction of electricity needs in various consumption scenarios. In this study, an innovative method is used to deal with the complex relationship between urban electricity consumption and temperature changes. In this paper, the initial contributions focus on the integration of two powerful techniques: the Modified Boxing Match (MBM) algorithm and the XGBoost model, which is a complex convolutional neural network. The integration of these approaches facilitates the extraction of advanced features and allows nonlinear relationships between electricity consumption and temperature data. One of the notable aspects of this work is the introduction of a new leapfrog rule in the MBM algorithm, which significantly improves local exploration and accelerates convergence, leading to more accurate power demand forecasts. The XGBoost model’s hyperparameters are optimized using MBM to achieve the best possible solution. The proposed MBM algorithm was tested on 23 well-known classical benchmark function methods, and the results indicate that the recommended technique is more accurate and robust. As a dependable and efficient tool for modeling and predicting temperature–electricity needs, the suggested method can be utilized.
Investigation of electronic, optoelectronic, and mechanical properties of lead-free cubic perovskite compound using density functional theory
Authors: Nisha Nusrat Jahan , Hossain Parosh Md. Bayjid , Ovi Istiak Ahmed , Islam Md. Jahirul
Published: November 2024

This study depicts the physical characteristics, including electronic, structural, mechanical, magnetic, and optical properties, of the lead-free, inorganic, non-toxic cubic perovskite compound FrCdX3 (where X = Br, Cl, and F). The main goal is to evolve a lead-free, inorganic, non-toxic perovskite alternative along with suitable opto-electrical characteristics using density functional theory under generalized gradient approximation and the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof functional within the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package program. The structural output describes compounds with smaller lattices and smaller cell volumes, which denotes stronger bonds between atoms. Electronic outcomes visualize that FrCdF3, FrCdCl3, and FrCdBr3 have a bandgap value of 3.109, 1.675, and 0.628 eV, respectively, which indicates an inverse relation between crystal structure size and bandgap. As a result, conductivity is increasing with increasing crystal size. This bandgap depicts them as good alternatives in solar cells, semiconductors, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes. The optical findings describe their use in sensors, energy efficiency coating, and conductive films. The mechanical output demonstrates mechanical stability as all the compounds of FrCdX3 satisfy the Born stability law. Mechanical results illustrate that all the materials are ductile because Poisson’s ratio quantities are within the 0.26 to 0.32 range, and Pugh’s ratio quantities are above 1.75. In essence, increasing the structure size decreases the stiffness but increases the ductility. In the end, all the compounds of FrCdX3 show a diamagnetic nature as upward and downward spin fully superimposed on each other, which makes them a good fit for MRI machines, superconductors, and magnetic sensors.
Beach and coastal dune systems of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve, Western Australia
Authors: Hesp Patrick A.
Published: November 2024

Context This paper is one of a series on the natural history of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve in Western Australia. Methods The geomorphology of the beach and coastal dune systems of Two Peoples Bay Nature Reserve are mapped and the landform units comprising the beach and dune systems are described. Key results An overview of the Two Peoples Bay–Nanarup beach-dune system comprising the Two Peoples Nature Reserve is provided. Conclusions The evolutionary patterns of the major dune forms are elucidated for this little-known area. Implications An understanding of the beach and coastal dune systems is necessary for effective management of the reserve.
Molecular basis for chemokine recognition and activation of XCR1
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Schlimgen Roman R. , Singh Stephanie , Tomani Michael P. , Volkman Brian F. , Zhang Cheng
Published: November 2024

The X-C motif chemokine receptor XCR1, which selectively binds to the chemokine XCL1, is highly expressed in conventional dendritic cells subtype 1 (cDC1s) and crucial for their activation. Modulating XCR1 signaling in cDC1s could offer novel opportunities in cancer immunotherapy and vaccine development by enhancing the antigen presentation function of cDC1s. To investigate the molecular mechanism of XCL-induced XCR1 signaling, we determined a high-resolution structure of the human XCR1 and G
i
complex with an engineered form of XCL1, XCL1 CC3, by cryoelectron microscopy. Through mutagenesis and structural analysis, we elucidated the molecular details for the binding of the N-terminal segment of XCL1 CC3, which is vital for activating XCR1. The unique arrangement within the XCL1 CC3 binding site confers specificity for XCL1 in XCR1. We propose an activation mechanism for XCR1 involving structural alterations of key residues at the bottom of the XCL1 binding pocket. These detailed insights into XCL1 CC3–XCR1 interaction and XCR1 activation pave the way for developing novel XCR1-targeted therapeutics.
Differential modulation of pain and associated anxiety by GABAergic neuronal circuits in the lateral habenula
Authors: Chen Teng , Liu Wen-Bo , Zhu Sheng-Jie , Aji Abudula , Zhang Chen , Zhang Chao-Chen , Duan Yu-Jie , Zuo Jia-Xin , Liu Zhe-Chen , Li Hao-Jun , Wang Yu-Quan , Mi Wen-Li , Mao-Ying Qi-Liang , Wang Yan-Qing , Chu Yu-Xia
Published: November 2024

Persistent pain frequently precipitates the development of anxiety disorders, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we employed a mouse model that simulates trigeminal neuralgia and observed a marked reduction in the activity of GABAergic neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb), a critical region for modulating pain and anxiety. We utilized precise optogenetic and chemogenetic techniques to modulate these neurons, which significantly alleviated behaviors associated with pain and anxiety. Our investigations revealed an inhibitory pathway from the LHb GABAergic neurons to the posterior paraventricular thalamus. Activation of this pathway primarily mitigated pain-related behaviors, with minimal effects on anxiety. Conversely, interactions between GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons within the LHb were essential in alleviating both pain and anxiety following trigeminal nerve damage. Additionally, we identified that β-sitosterol interacts directly with LHb GABAergic neurons via the estrogen receptor α, providing dual therapeutic effects for both pain and anxiety. These findings highlight the critical role of reduced GABAergic neuronal activity in the LHb in the intersection of pain and anxiety, pointing to promising therapeutic possibilities.
Adhesive interactions within microbial consortia can be differentiated at the single-cell level through expansion microscopy
Authors: Dong Pu-Ting , Shi Wenyuan , He Xuesong , Borisy Gary G.
Published: November 2024

Investigating microbe–microbe interactions at the single-cell level is critical to unraveling the ecology and dynamics of microbial communities. In many situations, microbes assemble themselves into densely packed multispecies biofilms. The density and complexity pose acute difficulties for visualizing individual cells and analyzing their interactions. Here, we address this problem through an unconventional application of expansion microscopy, which allows for the “decrowding” of individual bacterial cells within a multispecies community. Expansion microscopy generally has been carried out under isotropic expansion conditions and used as a resolution-enhancing method. In our variation of expansion microscopy, we carry out expansion under heterotropic conditions; that is, we expand the space between bacterial cells but not the space within individual cells. The separation of individual bacterial cells from each other reflects the competition between the expansion force pulling them apart and the adhesion force holding them together. We employed heterotropic expansion microscopy to study the relative strength of adhesion in model biofilm communities. These included mono- and dual-species
Streptococcus
biofilms and a three-species synthetic community (
Fusobacterium nucleatum
,
Streptococcus mutans
, and
Streptococcus sanguinis
) under conditions that facilitated interspecies coaggregation. Using adhesion mutants, we investigated the interplay between
F. nucleatum
outer membrane protein RadD and different
Streptococcus
species. We also examined the
Schaalia-TM7
epibiont association. Quantitative proximity analysis was used to evaluate the separation of individual microbial members. Our study demonstrates that heterotropic expansion microscopy can “decrowd” dense biofilm communities, improve visualization of individual bacterial members, and enable analysis of microbe–microbe adhesive interactions at the single-cell level.
Predicting multiple conformations of ligand binding sites in proteins suggests that AlphaFold2 may remember too much
Authors: Lazou Maria , Khan Omeir , Nguyen Thu , Padhorny Dzmitry , Kozakov Dima , Joseph-McCarthy Diane , Vajda Sandor
Published: November 2024

The goal of this paper is predicting the conformational distributions of ligand binding sites using the AlphaFold2 (AF2) protein structure prediction program with stochastic subsampling of the multiple sequence alignment (MSA). We explored the opening of cryptic ligand binding sites in 16 proteins, where the closed and open conformations define the expected extreme points of the conformational variation. Due to the many structures of these proteins in the Protein Data Bank (PDB), we were able to study whether the distribution of X-ray structures affects the distribution of AF2 models. We have found that AF2 generates both a cluster of open and a cluster of closed models for proteins that have comparable numbers of open and closed structures in the PDB and not too many other conformations. This was observed even with default MSA parameters, thus without further subsampling. In contrast, with the exception of a single protein, AF2 did not yield multiple clusters of conformations for proteins that had imbalanced numbers of open and closed structures in the PDB, or had substantial numbers of other structures. Subsampling improved the results only for a single protein, but very shallow MSA led to incorrect structures. The ability of generating both open and closed conformations for six out of the 16 proteins agrees with the success rates of similar studies reported in the literature. However, we showed that this partial success is due to AF2 “remembering” the conformational distributions in the PDB and that the approach fails to predict rarely seen conformations.
Design and characterization of a multi-ring nested CMUT array for hydrophone
Authors: Jia Licheng , Xue Rihui , Meng Fansheng
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the design, fabrication, packaging, and characterization of a high-performance CMUT array. The array, which features rectangular cells fabricated using a sacrificial release process, achieves a receiving sensitivity of −231.44 dB (re: 1 V/μPa) with a 40 dB gain. Notably, the CMUT array exhibits a minimal sensitivity variation of just 0.87 dB across a temperature range of 0 to 60 °C. Furthermore, the output voltage non-linearity at 1 kHz is approximately 0.44%. These test results demonstrate that the reception performance of the 67-element CMUT array is superior to that of commercial transducers. The high performance and compact design of this CMUT array underscore its significant commercial potential for hydrophone applications.
Charge transport properties and variable photo-switching of three-terminal Cs2AgBiBr6 device
Authors: Biswas Iman , Dey Arka , Nunzi Jean Michel , Halder Nilanjan , Mondal Aniruddha
Published: November 2024

In this study, we present an in-depth exploration of charge transport phenomena and variable photo-switching characteristics in a novel double-perovskite-based three-terminal device. The Cs2AgBiBr6 thin film (TF) was synthesized through a three-step thermal evaporation process followed by precise open-air annealing, ensuring superior film quality as confirmed by structural and morphological characterizations. Photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed distinct emissions at 2.28 and 2.07 eV, indicative of both direct and indirect electronic transitions. Our device exhibited space-charge limited current (SCLC) behaviour beyond 0.35 V, aligning with the relationship

, where the exponent m transitioned from ≤1 to >1. Detailed analysis of Schottky parameters within the trap-filled limit (TFL) regime was conducted, accounting for variations in temperature and optical power. Significantly, the self-powered photodetector demonstrated outstanding performance under illumination. The sensitivity of the device was finely tunable via the applied bias voltages at the third terminal. Notably, an optimal bias voltage of ±100 μV yielded maximum responsivity (R) of 0.48 A/W and an impressive detectivity (D*) of 1.07 × 109 Jones, highlighting the potential of this double-perovskite-based device for advanced optoelectronic applications.
The influence of the dielectric material on the planar antennas’ parameters
Authors: Dușa Sabin , Constantinescu Claudia , Giurgiuman Adina , Andreica Sergiu , Gliga Razvan , Pacurar Claudia
Published: November 2024

Patch antennas made in planar electromagnetic technology have found applicability in the last few years in a varied range of fields, but predominantly in wireless communications and telecommunications. This type of antenna is popular due to their reduced dimensions, their ease of manufacture and adaptability to integration into various devices. In this paper the design of a compact antenna operating under 6 GHz, for use in 5G applications, is proposed. For this purpose, a planar monopole antenna with two arms, fed by a coplanar microstrip line, printed on different types of dielectric substrates was numerically modelled and constructed and the influence of the dielectric material on the antenna parameters was analysed in order to further design some array and MIMO (multiple input – multiple output) antennas. The parameters considered to be studied to reach some optimum structures operating at high performances were the S parameters, directivity and gain. For this purpose, four sets of planar monopole antennas were designed and modelled using a commercial software used for high frequency analysis. The results of the numerical analysis were validated also through experimental measurements.
Convergence of science and technology for wellbeing: A case study on AAL systems for older adults
Authors: Roca-González Joaquín , Ortiz-Zaragoza Francisco J. , Vera-Repullo José A. , Méndez-Mateo Inmaculada
Published: November 2024

This paper explores the convergence of science and technology through the lens of Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) systems, demonstrating how collaborative development across multiple disciplines enhances the wellbeing and independence of older adults. We illustrate the integration of medical sciences, robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), sensor technology, and human-computer interaction (HCI) in creating sophisticated AAL systems that address both the medical and social needs of older adults. This case study focuses on the principles of convergence that guide the development of modern healthcare solutions, such as as holistic views, common goals, evolutionary patterns, and cross-domain interactions that foster the creation of innovative, effective, and ethically sound solutions. By examining collaborative processes, scientific innovations, and technological advancements, the study highlights the multifaceted impacts of AAL systems on elderly wellbeing, emphasizing the critical role of interdisciplinary approaches in solving complex health and social challenges.
Analysis in Hospital Operating Rooms: Understanding Perturbations from Electrocautery
Authors: Matei Moruz , Doru Andritoi , Radu Ciorap
Published: November 2024

Under normal operation, electronic systems and equipment emit electromagnetic fields (EMFs) at predefined levels. These fields can pose safety risks by inducing currents in conductive components and causing polarization effects on insulators, potentially affecting biological tissue at both cellular and molecular levels. In this study, we used the Narda SRM-3006 magnetic field surveillance equipment to analyse the spatial distribution of magnetic fields in operating rooms and address electromagnetic interference (EMI) concerns. We detailed specific methods for measuring and analysing magnetic fields in hospital operating blocks, including a technique for representing spatial distribution with minimal measurements. Additionally, we aimed to conduct a survey to assess hospital staff’s awareness of EMI-related safety hazards. The results of the measurements will assist us in developing best practice guidelines for the use and positioning of equipment and personnel in the operating room to prevent potential accidents.
mHealth application for cognitive rehabilitation
Authors: Ciorap R , Andrițoi D , Bojoga M , Munteanu D , Ungureanu M I
Published: November 2024

The present work aims to develop a “serious game” application for cognitive rehabilitation after a stroke. This app (smartphone/tablet/PC) aims to provide an easily accessible and inexpensive digital tool for patients with various cognitive impairments. Using the app, patients can perform exercises structured on several difficulty levels, targeting different aspects of cognition such as memory, attention, perception of details, and language skills. These exercises are carefully designed to improve impaired cognitive functions and stimulate recovery.
Modulation influence on power deposition inside a human head model exposed to 3.5 GHz plane wave
Authors: Mihaela Maftei Vivian , Stanca Remus , Miclaus Simona
Published: November 2024

Biological effects of radiofrequency fields remain one major subject of interest, with the continuous development of communication technologies and their more and more intensive use. Many authors have discussed the special role that modulation has on the produced effect, comparatively to continuous wave. Numerical dosimetric studies following the differences in power deposition in tissues, in function of the applied waveform, are scarce. Here, we analyse by numerical dosimetry, the specific absorption rate (SAR) of energy absorbed in a human head model when a plane wave, either a continuous one or two modulated ones (amplitude-modulated and quadrature amplitude modulated) are impinging the head, from frontal or lateral directions. The final objective was to emphasize the differences, based on average, peak values, or tissue-specific values of SAR. In all investigated cases the carrier frequency was 3.5 GHz, which belongs to the 5G mobile communications in the FR1 band. The computations were made in the case of the same total incident energy delivered per each modulation considered.
A facile green approach to prepare reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Alam Injamul , Subudhi Subhasri , Das Sonali , Mandal Manoranjan , Nayak Alok Kumar , Mahanandia Pitamber
Published: November 2024

Herein, a simple and environment-friendly green approach has been used to prepare reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on a large scale using soya beans-drenched water. The prepared rGO has been characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and current–voltage (I-V) characteristics. The intensity ratio (ID/IG) of GO and rGO are ∼ 1.02 and 1.2 which signifies a decrease in the average size of the sp2 domain. From the Capacitance—Voltage (C-V) measurement, it observes that the capacitance of prepared rGO is higher than GO at a particular frequency at room temperature which indicates that charges of rGO have more ability at surface states to monitor the external AC signal. The corresponding result suggests that the obtained rGO can be used in an energy storage device. This work reports a new, green, and efficient reduction of graphene oxide (GO).
A defined tubby domain β-barrel surface region of TULP3 mediates ciliary trafficking of diverse cargoes
Authors: Palicharla Vivek Reddy , Badgandi Hemant B. , Hwang Sun-Hee , Legué Emilie , Liem Karel F. , Mukhopadhyay Saikat
Published: November 2024

The primary cilium is a paradigmatic subcellular compartment at the nexus of numerous cellular and morphogenetic pathways. The tubby family protein TULP3 acts as an adapter of the intraflagellar transport complex A in transporting integral membrane and membrane-associated lipidated proteins into cilia. However, the mechanisms by which TULP3 coordinates ciliary transport of diverse cargoes is not well understood. Here, we provide molecular insights into TULP3-mediated ciliary cargo recognition. We screened for critical TULP3 residues by proximity biotinylation–mass spectrometry, structural analysis, and testing TULP3 variants in human patients with hepatorenal fibrocystic disease and spina bifida. The TULP3 residues we identified 1) were located on one side of the β-barrel of the tubby domain away from the phosphoinositide binding site, 2) mediated ciliary trafficking of lipidated and transmembrane cargoes, and 3) determined proximity with these cargoes in vivo without affecting ciliary localization, phosphoinositide binding or hydrodynamic properties of TULP3. Overall, these findings implicate a specific region of one of the surfaces of the TULP3 β-barrel in ciliary trafficking of diverse cargoes. This region overlooks the β-strands 8–12 of the β-barrel and is away from the membrane anchoring phosphoinositide binding site. Targeting the TULP3-cargo interactions could provide therapeutics in ciliary trafficking diseases.
Mrs Percy Harris
Authors: Whitehouse Deja
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores Harris’s marriage prior to her meeting with Crowley, set within the context of Dion Fortune’s four ‘aspects of nature’ required for the successful union between man and woman. Comparisons are drawn between Harris’s marriage and those of Annie Besant, Florence Farr, Moïna Mathers, Dion Fortune, and Ithell Colquhoun. A general review of the evolving rights of married women at the end of the nineteenth century is presented. An analysis of Harris’s courtship and marriage follows, in which her role as a politician’s wife, the Harrises’ involvement in women’s suffrage, and their life together before and during the Great War are examined.
Concerning the Spiritual in Art
Authors: Whitehouse Deja
Published: November 2024

This chapter explores Harris’s early artistic influences, with specific reference to their spiritual and mystical undercurrents. A discussion of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century British art is presented, with an assessment of how female artists were perceived in middle-class society and of the opportunities available to them. Particular influences such as the fourth dimension and surrealism are examined. Harris’s artistic evolution is analysed, taking into account her lack of formal training, and comparisons drawn with fellow Tarot artists Pamela Colman Smith and Ithell Colquhoun. Her illustrations for her book Winchelsea are assessed, and consideration is given to her developing style during the 1930s, which included artwork for her husband’s political campaigns, set designs for the Ballet Russes, and various London exhibitions. Harris’s adoption of an alter ego, Jesus Chutney, to disguise her identity as the wife of a senior politician is also explored.
‘Something Completely New in Art’
Authors: Whitehouse Deja
Published: November 2024

Following on from the discussion of Harris’s formative years as an artist and the esoteric influences therein in Chapter 5, this chapter explores Harris’s artistic development subsequent to her meeting with Crowley. Harris’s involvement with Anthroposophy and her studies in projective synthetic geometry with George Adams Kaufmann and Olive Whicher are considered. Detailed analysis of an untitled geometric painting by Harris and her Cycle of Life illustration used in Crowley’s funeral programme are presented. Harris’s chameleon-like nature as an artist is examined, highlighting similarities in her works to those of other artists. Her portraiture is considered, as well as her cartoons and the illustrations she produced for Crowley’s writings.
Characterizing state-level structural cisheterosexism trajectories using sequence and cluster analysis, 1996-2016, 50 U.S. states and Washington, D.C., and associations with health status and healthcare outcomes
Authors: Zubizarreta Dougie , Beccia Ariel L , Vable Anusha M , Gordon Allegra R , Austin S Bryn
Published: November 2024

Structural cisheterosexism is a root cause of LGBTQ health inequities. Amidst ongoing legal attacks on LGBTQ populations’ rights, research is needed to examine changes in policy contexts over time and associated implications for population health and inequities. To address this gap, we constructed state-level structural cisheterosexism trajectories for each U.S. state/D.C. from 1996-2016. We used sequence analysis to quantify differences between trajectories and cluster analysis to group similar trajectories. We evaluated associations between trajectory clusters and individual-level health(care) outcomes (self-rated health, frequent mental distress, lacking insurance, lacking a doctor, avoiding care due to cost) from the 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, in the overall sample and by LGBTQ status (LGBTQ vs. cisheterosexual), using multilevel logistic models. From 38 unique trajectories, we identified five trajectory clusters: “consistently-predominantly-discriminatory”, “consistently-fairly-discriminatory”, “moderate-with-increasing-protection”, “discriminatory-change-to-fairly-protective”, and “fairly-discriminatory-change-to-predominantly-protective.” Overall, health(care) was worse in states characterized by consistently discriminatory laws compared to states with increasingly protective laws and disproportionately so for LGBTQ people. Findings underscore the need to abolish harmful, cisheterosexist state laws and enact protective laws to advance LGBTQ health equity. More broadly, this study demonstrates the utility of sequence and cluster analysis for assessing long-term population health impacts of structural-level determinants.
Race adjustment hides and perpetuates systemic racism: Real world example using life tables
Authors: Ranapurwala Shabbar I , Coles Serita A , Proescholdbell Scott K , Geary Shana , Pence Brian W
Published: November 2024

Extant research shows that race adjustment in epidemiologic analyses could lead to masking of systemic racism. In this study, we compare race-adjusted and -unadjusted years of life lost (YLL), a measure of societal burden, to understand the impact of race adjustment in YLL estimation. We used North Carolina (NC) Violent Death Reporting System data from 2006-2019 linked to 2006-2019 race-adjusted and -unadjusted life tables from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by calendar year and age at death. We calculated total YLL and YLL per death from suicide and homicide deaths for non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white NC residents using both the race-adjusted and -unadjusted life tables. We found that YLL and YLL/death from suicide and homicide deaths for non-Hispanic white individuals were almost identical regardless of race adjustment. However, race-adjusted life tables vastly underestimated total YLL and YLL per death for non-Hispanic black NC residents. Overall, race adjustment resulted in an underestimation of 14,907 YLL from homicide deaths (3.1 fewer YLL/death) and 4,414 YLL from suicide deaths (2.8 YLL/death) for black NC residents. Our study shows that the baked-in underestimation of YLL for non-Hispanic Black Americans when using race-adjusted life tables hides racialized health disparity and perpetuates inequity.
Graph databases in systems biology: a systematic review
Authors: Mazein Ilya , Rougny Adrien , Mazein Alexander , Henkel Ron , Gütebier Lea , Michaelis Lea , Ostaszewski Marek , Schneider Reinhard , Satagopam Venkata , Jensen Lars Juhl , Waltemath Dagmar , Wodke Judith A H , Balaur Irina
Published: November 2024

Graph databases are becoming increasingly popular across scientific disciplines, being highly suitable for storing and connecting complex heterogeneous data. In systems biology, they are used as a backend solution for biological data repositories, ontologies, networks, pathways, and knowledge graph databases. In this review, we analyse all publications using or mentioning graph databases retrieved from PubMed and PubMed Central full-text search, focusing on the top 16 available graph databases, Publications are categorized according to their domain and application, focusing on pathway and network biology and relevant ontologies and tools. We detail different approaches and highlight the advantages of outstanding resources, such as UniProtKB, Disease Ontology, and Reactome, which provide graph-based solutions. We discuss ongoing efforts of the systems biology community to standardize and harmonize knowledge graph creation and the maintenance of integrated resources. Outlining prospects, including the use of graph databases as a way of communication between biological data repositories, we conclude that efficient design, querying, and maintenance of graph databases will be key for knowledge generation in systems biology and other research fields with heterogeneous data.
Genetic structure and potential hybridization between populations of two Penstemon species
Authors: de los Santos-Gómez Samantha Maite , Sánchez-Guillén Rosa Ana , Lara Carlos , Ornelas Juan Francisco
Published: November 2024

Hybridization is a common phenomenon in plants, facilitating genetic exchange and contributing to evolutionary innovation. In Penstemon, which boasts a diverse array of species with varying pollination syndromes, hybridization has been extensively documented. In this study, we employed nine nuclear microsatellites to investigate the genetic differentiation between Penstemon gentianoides and P. roseus populations, along with two populations of potentially hybrid morphotypes. Our results reveal significant genetic differentiation among populations, particularly between sympatric and allopatric populations of P. gentianoides and P. roseus. Bayesian analyses identified three genetic clusters, the first corresponding to individuals of sympatric and allopatric P. roseus populations, and the second and third to intermixed individuals of sympatric and allopatric P. gentianoides populations and intermediate morphotypes. Sympatric populations of both parental species exhibit signs of admixture. Contemporary and historical migration rates were low and asymmetrical among populations, with higher migration rates from the ‘fuchsia’ morphotype to P. gentianoides populations. The significant and positive correlation between migration rates suggests that migration patterns have remained relatively stable over time. These findings underscore the complex dynamics of genetic exchange and hybridization between Penstemon populations, highlighting the need for further research to understand population differentiation in the presence of gene flow.
Urinary RANTES and MCP-1 as noninvasive biomarkers for differential diagnosis and prediction of treatment response in acute interstitial nephritis
Authors: Baeg Song In , Lee Kyungho , Jeon Junseok , Lee Jung Eun , Kwon Ghee Young , Huh Wooseong , Jang Hye Ryoun
Published: November 2024

Background

Although kidney biopsy is definitive for the diagnosis of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN), its invasiveness limits its use. We aimed to identify urine biomarkers for differentiating AIN and ATN and to predict the response of patients with AIN to steroid treatment.

Methods

In this prospective cohort study, biopsy-proven ATN (n = 34) and AIN (n = 55) were included. Urinary cytokine/chemokine [interleukin-9, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), tumor necrosis factor-α, tumor growth factor-β and vascular endothelial growth factor] levels and the proportion of immune cells [expressing cluster of differentiation (CD)45, CD3, CD20] and proliferating tubular cells (expressing Ki-67) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cytokine/chemokine levels and intrarenal immunohistochemistry data according to the response to steroid treatment in the AIN patients were also analyzed.

Results

The urinary RANTES/creatinine ratio and the percentages of intrarenal CD45-, CD3-, CD20- and Ki-67-positive cells were significantly higher in the AIN group than in the ATN group (P < .05 for all). Among steroid-administered patients with AIN, renal function improved significantly in the steroid responder group. These patients had higher urinary MCP-1/creatinine and intrarenal CD45 and Ki-67 levels than those in the non-responder group.

Conclusions

The potential of the urinary RANTES/creatinine ratio as a noninvasive biomarker for differentiating AIN from ATN is highlighted. Urinary MCP-1/creatinine levels and the proportion of total intrarenal leukocytes and proliferating tubular cells may serve as indicators for predicting the response of patients with AIN to steroid treatment.
Transcriptome profiling of maize transcription factor mutants to probe gene regulatory network predictions
Authors: Ellison Erika L , Zhou Peng , Chu Yi-Hsuan , Hermanson Peter , Gomez-Cano Lina , Myers Zachary A , Abnave Ankita , Gray John , Hirsch Candice N , Grotewold Erich , Springer Nathan M
Published: November 2024

Transcription factors play important roles in regulation of gene expression and phenotype. A variety of approaches have been utilized to develop gene regulatory networks to predict the regulatory targets for each transcription factor, such as yeast-1-hybrid screens and gene co-expression network analysis. Here we identified potential transcription factor targets and used a reverse genetics approach to test the predictions of several gene regulatory networks in maize. Loss-of-function mutant alleles were isolated for 22 maize transcription factors. These mutants did not exhibit obvious morphological phenotypes. However, transcriptomic profiling identified differentially expressed genes in each of the mutant genotypes, and targeted metabolic profiling indicated variable phenolic accumulation in some mutants. An analysis of expression levels for predicted target genes based on yeast-1-hybrid screens identified a small subset of predicted targets that exhibit altered expression levels. The analysis of predicted targets from gene co-expression network-based methods found significant enrichments for prediction sets of some transcription factors, but most predicted targets did not exhibit altered expression. This could result from false-positive gene co-expression network predictions, a transcription factor with a secondary regulatory role resulting in minor effects on gene regulation, or redundant gene regulation by other transcription factors. Collectively, these findings suggest that loss-of-function for single uncharacterized transcription factors might have limited phenotypic impacts but can reveal subsets of gene regulatory network predicted targets with altered expression.
Validation of the QuEChERSER Method for 245 Pesticides and Environmental Contaminants in Barley and Hemp by Low-Pressure GC: Comparison of Triple Quadrupole MS/MS and Orbitrap HRMS for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Michlig Nicolás , Lehotay Steven J
Published: November 2024

Background

Monitoring laboratories are a fundamental link in the food safety chain, and regulatory demands in a competitive economy call for analytical methods that are simpler, faster, more rugged, and broader in scope. The “quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe, efficient, and robust” (QuEChERSER) mega-method introduced in 2021 meets these monitoring needs, which includes high sample throughput, automated cleanup of extracts, and fast low-pressure gas chromatography (LPGC).

Objective

The goal of this work was to extend the QuEChERSER method to additional matrixes and more analytes using LPGC, including comparison of the analytical performances of two different mass spectrometric analyzers: triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and orbital ion trap (orbitrap) high-resolution (HR)MS.

Methods

The QuEChERSER mega-method was validated for 245 pesticides and environmental contaminants in barley grains and hemp pellets using automated instrument top sample preparation (ITSP) coupled with LPGC–MS/MS or LPGC–HRMS (orbitrap).

Results

Targeted MS/MS detection proved to be more sensitive than orbitrap using full data acquisition, leading to lower LOQs with more analytes yielding acceptable recoveries (70–120%) and repeatabilities (RSDs <20%). In barley, 89% of the compounds met validation criteria in MS/MS and 74% in HRMS, which in hemp were 81 and 66%, respectively. Qualitatively, orbitrap HRMS yielded 1% false positives compared to 3–4% in MS/MS, but due to the higher LOQs, the rates of false negatives were 14–17% in orbitrap versus 6–10% in MS/MS for the different matrixes.

Conclusion

The QuEChERSER mega-method including ITSP+LPGC coupled with MS/MS or orbitrap analysis is a robust approach for multiple applications. In the comparison, MS/MS outperformed the orbitrap in terms of sensitivity, but the orbitrap advantages of easier method development, greater selectivity, and the possibility for non-targeted/retrospective analysis permit even broader expansion of analytical scope in the future.

Highlights

ITSP+LPGC–MS/MS or –HRMS (orbitrap) analysis as part of the QuEChERSER mega-method is a useful and efficient way to monitor for contaminants in foods.
William Prosser, Consensus Thought, and the Nature of Tort Law, 1945 -1970
Authors: White G Edward
Published: November 2024

One has the sense, on surveying the writings of legal scholars and judges in the 1930s and 1940s, that in those decades American legal thought quickened its pace, increased its intensity, and lost its sense of direction. The doctrinal perspective on legal issues developed and refined by the scientists had been severely challenged by Realism: in the most powerful critiques launched by Realists doctrine appeared as an artificial smoke screen. Yet no competitive perspective on thinking and writing about legal subjects had fully emerged. Realists talked, some eloquently, of the “functional approach,” but “functionalism,” as numerous scholars pointed out, seemed incapable of formulating a comprehensive analytical framework that trained professionals could use in thinking about legal problems. Militant Realists conceded the absence of any analytical comprehensiveness in a “functional approach”; argued that maturity and wisdom came with the recognition that legal issues were endlessly diverse, complex, and fluid; scorned certainty and predictability as ends of the legal system; and seemingly denied that there was any recurrent set of analytical problems that could be called peculiarly “legal” and thereby be made part of a “taught tradition” of professional training. In holding these positions Realists invited polemical exchange, and in the 1940s, especially, polemics emerged, with scholars accusing advocates of Realism of being nihilists, atheists, and totalitarian sympathizers.