bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Planning paradigms throughout economic history
Authors: Kravchenko Olha , Shkurenko Olga , Bonіar Svitlana , Shuliarenko Svitlana
Published: December 2024

Planning has always been an essential part of scientific and practical activities, driven by the need for purposeful development in science, technology and society. The paper focuses on the study of the development of planning in the context of the history of economics and economic thought. The purpose of the paper is to study the formation of planning paradigms throughout economic history as a reflection of the features of the socio-economic processes that dominated from the late 19th century to the early 21st century. To achieve this purpose, general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, generalization of literary sources) and special (historical-retrospective, chronological, historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods were used. The results of the study showed the main driving force of the genesis is a change in the level of environmental stability, the degree of socio-economic processes predictability and the level of uncertainty in their future development. The historical process of the formation of planning paradigms divided into three periods of dominance: I. The dominance of the neoclassical paradigm (from the late 19th century to the 1970s); II. The dominance of the neo-institutional paradigm (from the late 1970s to the late 1980s); III. The dominance of the evolutionary paradigm (from the late 1980s to the early 21st century). The formation of the neoclassical paradigm was due to the development of capitalism in Europe and was based on the assumption of socio-economic processes dynamics predictability. It allowed the use of optimization planning by continuing established trends into the future. The need to consider the current and future conditions of institutions and their impact on the activities of the economic agents (entrepreneurs, companies, states) led to the formation of a neo-institutional planning paradigm. Recognition of the environmental instability led to the formation of an evolutionary planning paradigm based on considering the trends in the changing world and their dynamics, as well as the ability of economic agents to adequately respond (adapt) to them. One of the main factors in the formation of new planning paradigms was the deepening of the gap between planning theory and practice. As a result, it was impossible to obtain reliable long-term forecasts. One of the features of the genesis of planning paradigms is the parallel use, which allows ensuring their development considering the socio-economic processes that have developed.
Karl Popper's "Critical Rationalism": The way to freedom and democracy
Authors: Pylypchuk Oksana , Strelko Oleh
Published: December 2024

In the history of science, there are known cases when people come into life whose vocation is to make a series of discoveries, which then change the scientific views of entire generations. The name of the philosopher Karl Popper became world-famous during his lifetime, because the achievements of this scientist impress with the originality and boldness of ideas, a high level of scientific knowledge and the scale of world perception. The article is devoted to the analysis of the life and activities of the outstanding philosopher and sociologist of the 20th century. Karl Raimund Popper, who was best known for his scientific works on the methodology and philosophy of science, as well as social and political philosophy. It is shown that his logical concept of the growth of scientific knowledge, which he began to develop in the 20s of the 20th century became the basis for the creation of the principle of falsification, which he proposed as a criterion for demarcation between science and pseudoscience. It is noted that in the following logical and methodological works of the scientist, a transition is observed in the field of scientific research of the scientist from logical and methodological problems of epistemology or the theory of scientific knowledge to the general theory of knowledge and evolutionary epistemology, as well as a transition from already obtained results to socio-political problems. The process of formation of the theory of critical rationalism was highlighted, which was that any theory, hypothesis, scientific knowledge should be as objective as possible and not depend on the opinion of individual people or communities. An analysis of the scientist's works in the field of social philosophy was carried out, which were based on the concepts of scientific knowledge and cognition developed by him. It has been studied that such a concept as "historicism" takes an important part in the formation of a totalitarian society, and the utopian ideas of Marxism, socialism and communism only lead to the inhibition of the development of any society. K. Popper's position on this issue is highlighted. The difference between an open and a closed society, which is traced in the scientist's scientific heritage, is reflected. And the impact of K. Popper's scientific heritage on the modern realities of Ukraine and the entire democratic world in the conditions of an international armed conflict is also determined.
Foundations of ophthalmology in Dutch East Indies: A look at distribution of early ophthalmology medical facilities (1900‒1942)
Authors: Sari Vivi Sandra , Nurdiana Mayca Sita
Published: December 2024

This research examines the development of ophthalmology as a medical specialty in the Dutch East Indies between the years 1900 and 1942. The research is focus on the establishment of ophthalmology medical facilities, consist of ophthalmology hospitals, departments of ophthalmology, and ophthalmology outpatient clinics. The methods used in this research are a literature review of archival documents and spatio-temporal analysis. The primary source of archival documents for this study are the Medical Journal for the Dutch East Indies (Geneeskundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch-Indie), Communications from the Civil Medical Service (Mededeelingen van den Burgerlijk Geneeskundige Dienst), Communications from the Public Health Service (Mededeelingen van den Dienst der Volksgezondheid), and Kolonial Verslaag. A spatio-temporal analysis was conducted to look at the distribution of medical facilities over time, using a phase division into three periods: 1900‒1910, 1901‒1930, and 1931‒1942. This research indicates that the establishment of ophthalmology medical facilities was a response to the prevalence of eye health problems in the Dutch East Indies during the nineteenth century. During the period between 1900 and 1910, a notable advancement in ophthalmology occurred with the establishment od ophthalmology hospital. These facilities were predominantly concentrated in Java, particularly in cities that served as administrative centers, such as Bandung and Semarang. From 1911 to 1930, the number of medical facilities increased with the establishment of departments of ophthalmology in hospital and ophthalmology outpatient clinics. The construction of medical facilities commenced in Sumatra, particularly in Padang and Perbaoengan. In contrast, the medical facilities constructed during the period between 1931 and 1942 were exclusively outpatient clinics. The findings indicate that the early ophthalmology medical facilities were concentrated in Java and Sumatra. Additionally, this study delves into the diagnostic and therapeutic measures employed by ophthalmologists to address a spectrum of eye diseases. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that the establishment of ophthalmology medical facilities in the Dutch East Indies signified the acceptance of ophthalmology as a specialized field dedicated to advancing public health and encouraged further research into eye diseases and their treatment.
History of the evolution of cinema in the context of considering the stages of development of science and technology. The first steps to the birth of cinema
Authors: Vaniuha Liudmyla , Kyreia Mariia , Lemishka Natalia , Spolska Olena , Patron Iryna
Published: December 2024

Historiographic works on the history of cinema play an important role in preserving knowledge about the development of this art form. They not only document the key stages of the evolution of cinema, but also provide an opportunity to analyze it as a cultural phenomenon that is closely intertwined with the history of mankind. Historiographic works on the history of cinema cover the study of the development of cinema as an art, a means of communication and an industry. They reflect various aspects of its formation: socio-cultural influences, technological breakthroughs, genre transformations and the role of cinema in a historical context. However, a thorough analysis of historiographic sources on the study of the history of the evolution of cinema in the context of considering the stages of the development of science and technology has not been carried out before. The aim of the study is to investigate the state, completeness and reliability of the study of the history of the development of cinema in the context of considering the stages of the development of science and technology, based on the analysis of historiographic sources, the achievements of predecessors, and modern methodology. The objective of this article is to analyze historiographical sources that consider the magic lantern, the camera obscura, and the shadow play as key precursors to cinema. The magic lantern, the camera obscura, and the shadow play were key milestones in the development of cinema, as they developed techniques for manipulating light and shadow, creating the illusion of movement, and projecting images. They became important precursors to cinema, providing the conceptual and technical foundations that allowed cinematic technologies as we know them today to emerge. All three devices actively used the manipulation of light and shadow to create visual effects that became the basis for cinema. Each of these devices allowed for technical innovations in the use of lighting, projections, and images that were later adapted in cinematic technologies such as projectors and motion pictures. All of these technologies helped popularize the idea of using optical effects and media for a mass audience, which was important for the emergence of cinema as an industry. Historiographical works devoted to the magic lantern, the camera obscura, and the shadow play focus on the study of these inventions as important precursors to cinema. They laid the foundations of visual art that uses the play of light and shadow, and influenced the development of technologies for creating the illusion of movement.
Suicidal depression of women in art and science. Part III: The burden of character
Authors: Lyubov E.B.
Published: December 2024

Based on works of art, the features of "literary" and / or "female" suicides are identified in a broad cultural historical and philosophical context from the standpoint of genre and narratology. The qualitative analysis is based on cultural-historical, comparative, biographical, typological methods, and the method of literary hermeneutics. The article reveals the image of death in the representation of femininity and reflection in the system of relations "life - death" (thanatological image) with clarification of the aesthetic relationship of art and reality.
Keywords: women, qualitative analysis, story, suicidal behavior, personality, burden
Thermal Characteristics of the Epoxy–Metallosiloxane Compositions Filled with Phenylsiloxane Resins
Authors: Parshina M. S. , Tarasenkov A. N. , Afanasyev E. S. , Borisov K. M. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: December 2024

A method for increasing the glass transition temperature of the compositions obtained by curing an epoxy-diane resin with a partially siloxy-substituted organo(alkoxy)(zirconium)siloxane by introducing phenylsiloxane resins is considered. The initial content of zirconium siloxane was 10 wt %. It is shown that the introduction of the siloxane resins in 10–50 wt % relative to the epoxy resin is capable of not only increasing the glass transition temperature of the material almost twice, but also enhancing the curing degree of the system.
Hydrolytic Polycondensation of Monosodiumoxy(methyl)(diethoxy)silane under Conditions of an Excess of Water
Authors: Nesterkina A. A. , Obrezkova M. A. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: December 2024

The synthesis of polysodiumoxy(methyl)siloxanes by the hydrolytic polycondensation (HPC) of monosodiumoxy(methyl)(diethoxy)silane under mild conditions is proposed. Ethanol, propan-2-ol, and butan-1-ol are chosen as the solvents for the HPC. It is shown that the HPC with an excess of water from 25% to 100% (relative to the stoichiometric amount) leads to the product deviation from an ideal structure.
Synthesis of Cyclic Oligomethylphenylsiloxanes in an Active Medium
Authors: Talalaeva E. V. , Kalinina A. A. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: December 2024

The polycondensation of diethoxy(methyl)phenylsilane in an active medium in the presence of acetyl chloride or cation exchanger Purolite CT 175 has been studied, and their effect on the rate and selectivity of the process has been evaluated. It is shown that the use of the sulfonic cation exchanger allows for achieving 100% yields of methylphenylcyclosiloxanes.
Effect of the Type of a Cross-Linking Agent on the Swelling Degree of Polydecylmethylsiloxane
Authors: Tokarev P. O. , Grushevenko E. A. , Rokhmanka T. N. , Borisov v , Volkov A. V.
Published: December 2024

In this work, the effect of the type of a cross-linking agent for polydecylmethylsiloxane (C10) on its sorption and swelling in organic solvents was studied for the first time using toluene, octane, isooctane, and butyl acetate. Hydrocarbon (1,7-octadiene (OD), 1,9-decadiene (DD), 1,11-dodecadiene (DdD)), vinyl-terminated PDMS (Mn = 500 g/mol (Sil500), Mn = 25000 g/mol) and combined cross-links were used for membrane obtaining. It was shown that cross-linking with hydrocarbons leads to the least swelling in the solvents explored, while cross-linking with vinyl-terminated PDMS results in the greatest swelling. Apparently, the flexible siloxane cross-linking imparts greater mobility to C10, which leads to high absolute sorption values. At the same time, the rigid hydrocarbon cross-linking allows the formation of a structure specific to the comb-shaped polymer, which significantly contributes to its properties.
Synthesis of Low-Molecular-Weight Oligodimethylsiloxanes in an Active Medium
Authors: Trishina A. A. , Talalaeva E. V. , Kalinina A. A. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: December 2024

The hydrolytic polycondensation of diethoxydimethylsilane and hexamethyldisiloxane in an active medium in the presence of a catalytic amount of chlorotrimethylsilane has been studied. It is shown that this method allows for the selective synthesis of low-molecular-weight oligodimethylsiloxanes which do not contain residual reactive groups. The ratio of the reagents and the catalyst amount serve as effective tools for controlling the length of the resulting oligomers and the process duration.
Synthesis of Poly(dimethylvinylsiloxy)vinylsiloxane
Authors: Chugunova A. O. , Obrezkova M. A. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: December 2024

A three-stage synthesis of a highly functional polymer matrix, namely, poly(dimethylvinylsiloxy)vinylsiloxane is presented. At the first stage, monosodiumoxy(diethoxy)(vinyl)silane was obtained. The second stage involved the hydrolytic polycondensation (HPC) of monosodiumoxy(diethoxy)(vinyl)silane to obtain poly(sodiumoxy)vinylsiloxane. At the final stage, poly(sodiumoxy)vinylsiloxane was treated with chloro(dimethyl)vinylsilane (CDMVS). All the compounds obtained were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Search for New Approaches to Janus Dendrimers Based on Natural Compounds
Authors: Shkinev P. D. , Ryzhkov A. I. , Drozdov F. V.
Published: December 2024

Dendrons with propargyl and hydroxy functional groups were obtained from vanillin and commercially available reagents. The fundamental possibility of the production of Janus dendrimers based on the resulting structure and earlier synthesized carbosilane dendrons by the azide–alkyne cycloaddition was demonstrated.
Synthesis and Properties of Ladder Polyphenylsilsesquioxanes Obtained from cis-Hexaphenylcyclohexasiloxanehexaol and Phenylsilanetriol
Authors: Shakirova A. R. , Ershova T. O. , Buzin M. I. , Nikiforova G. G. , Kononova E. G. , Peregudov A.S. , Shchegolikhina O. I. , Anisimov A. A.
Published: December 2024

The condensation of cis-hexaphenylcyclohexasiloxanehexaol and phenylsilanetriol in an ammonia medium was studied. The soluble high-molecular ladder polyphenylsilsesquioxanes (L-PPSSs) were obtained, which are capable of forming transparent and strong films. The structure and properties of the resulting L-PPSSs were investigated using different physicochemical methods, including 1H NMR spectroscopy, UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, viscometry in solution, GPC, TGA, mechanical analysis.
Polymerization of Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane in Ammonia Initiated by Alcohols of Different Structures
Authors: Efimov K. V. , Shchegolikhina O. I. , Minyaylo E. O. , Peregudov A. S. , Anisimov A. A.
Published: December 2024

Functional polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs) containing an alkoxy group at one end of the polymer chain and a hydroxy group at the other end were obtained by the ring-opening polymerization of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3) in liquid ammonia initiated by alcohols of different structures. This method implies the absence of organic solvents, which eliminates the stages of their purification and regeneration, and allows for obtaining telechelic PDMSs in full agreement with green chemistry principles.
Influence of the Microstructure of Porous Silsesquioxanes on Spin Dynamics According to Solid-State 1H and 29Si NMR Data
Authors: Vasil'ev S. G. , Borisov K. M. , Bystrova A. V. , Kalinina A. A. , Muzafarov A. M.
Published: December 2024

The samples of PEGylated hyperbranched polymethylethoxysiloxanes with hierarchically organized structures were obtained. The magic angle spinning 1H–29Si variable contact time cross-polarization and static 1H multiple-quantum NMR experiments were performed in order to reveal the influence of the microstructure on the NMR parameters.
Boosting Students' Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills with PBL-Based LiveWorksheets: Focus on Whole Numbers and Fractions Topic
Authors: Usqo Urwatil , Hutapea Nahor Murani , Kartini Kartini
Published: December 2024

Problem solving skills is one of the important skills that students must master through learning mathematics. One alternative to improve students' mathematical problem-solving skills is using the Problem-based Learning (PBL) learning model combined with technology-based learning media. This research aims to produce PBL-based electronic student worksheets (e-worksheets) on the topic of whole numbers and fractions that are valid, practical and effective to improve students' mathematical problem-solving skills. The development of e-worksheets uses a 4D development model involving seventh-grade students from one of the junior high schools in Rokan Hulu, Riau, Indonesia as field test subjects. The results of data analysis show that the e-worksheet developed using LiveWorksheet application has met the valid criteria based on experts judgement and practical based on the practicality questionnaires. E-worksheets have also been proven effective in improving students' mathematical problem-solving skills with an average N-gain at high criteria.
Unveiling Mathematics Concepts on Panggung Krapyak and Rotiban Activities: An Ethnomathematics Study in Yogyakarta
Authors: Ashabulabib Adib , Arfinanti Nurul
Published: December 2024

The utilization of cultural context in mathematics learning can be an alternative of effective learning approach to bridge students to master the abstract dimension of mathematics through the real context in students' lives. However, cultural integration in mathematics learning must begin with the identification of mathematical concepts contained in cultural objects that are relevant to school mathematics. This study aims to identify mathematical concepts contained in the Panggung Krapyak and Rotiban activities at one of the Islamic boarding schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This study is an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through observations of the Panggung Krapyak and Rotiban activities, in-depth interviews with figures, documentation, and literature reviews. The results of the study indicate that Panggung Krapyak displays various mathematical concepts such as reflection, similarity, and congruence in the shape of the building. In addition, the Rotiban activity contains the concept of multiples of numbers in its schedule and cyclic permutation in the cycle pattern of participants sitting. These findings indicate that the existence of mathematical concepts contained in local culture is in line with school mathematics so it can be integrated into mathematics learning to be more contextual and easier for students understanding.
EFFICIENT METHOD FOR FORECASTING SOLAR IRRADIANCE - A REVIEW
Authors: Odejobi Olusegun A. , Alawode Kehinde Olukunmi , Lawal Muyideen Olalekan
Published: December 2024

Efficient solar irradiance forecasting is essential for optimizing solar energy systems and integrating renewable energy sources into power grids. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various forecasting methods to inform energy management and grid integration strategies. It compares physical models, statistical approaches, machine learning techniques, and hybrid models, using specific criteria such as accuracy, computational efficiency, and data requirements. Physical models like Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) provide detailed atmospheric simulations but are computationally intensive. Statistical models, such as ARIMA, are simpler yet struggle with non-linear data. Machine learning methods, particularly Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, effectively capture complex data relationships but require substantial datasets and computing power. Hybrid models, which combine physical and machine learning approaches, achieve high accuracy and are suitable for real-time applications despite increased computational costs. One of the key findings indicates that hybrid models offer high accuracy but demand significant computational resources and offer the best balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. However, challenges such as data quality, geographic and temporal variability, and model complexity persist. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, big data, and quantum computing present promising solutions for enhanced irradiance forecasting. The review highlighted the models’ limitations and strengths to facilitate informed decision making and concluded with recommendation of the adoption of hybrid models, investment in data acquisition and sharing technologies, balancing model complexity with practicality as steps towards improved irradiance forecasting for grid integration and stability to ensure sustainable yet cost-effective energy solutions.
COMPARING THE HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A STANDARD AND A 3D-PRINTED PACKING IN A ROTATING PACKED BED
Authors: Garba Usman , Rouzineau David , Meyer Michel
Published: December 2024

As rotating packed beds (RPBs) gain prominence in intensified mass transfer operations, efficient packing design is critical for optimizing performance. Traditional packing structures often face limitations in terms of pressure drop, wetting efficiency, and fluid distribution. 3D-printed packings offer new possibilities by allowing complex geometries tailored to specific fluid dynamics. This study presents a detailed comparison of the performance of standard wire mesh packings and an anisotropic 3D-printed packing, focusing on pressure drop variations under varying operational conditions. Compared to the standard packing, the hydrodynamic performance of the 3D printed packing showed a lower pressure drop of about 0.7kPa at the combination of maximum operating conditions investigated of 300Nm3/h, 1000 rpm, and 0.72m3/h in the gas flow, rotation speed, and liquid glow rate respectively. The wet pressure drop per unit packing length of the 3D packing compared favourably with the standard wire mesh packing. The 3D-printed RPB packings proved to be a promising way that has the potential to enhance the separation performance of RPBs.
SPEECH-TO-TEXT: A SECURED REAL-TIME LANGUAGE TRANSLATION PLATFORM FOR STUDENTS
Authors: Anazia Eluemunor Kizito , Eti Erife Friday , Ovili Peter Henry , Ogbimi O. Francis
Published: December 2024

In order to establish effective communication and understanding among students regardless of language background, there is need to develop a common platform that will support this motive. This necessity has led to the emergence of Speech-to-Text (S-to-T) translation framework that enabling students with diverse languages to communicate directly without relying on intermediaries. English has become the foremost lingua franca in Nigeria, spoken widely across various ethnic groups. However, this continuous use of English language has affected the subsistence of indigenous Nigerian languages, leading to many children growing up unable to speak their native language. In modern, civilized societies, speech remains a primary and essential means of communication, allowing individuals to express a range of ideas from their minds through organized words, phrases, and sentences that follow grammatical rules. This work, Speech-to-Text: A secure real-time language translation platform for students, translates speech to English and Yoruba languages during chat. It was developed using ASP.Net with C# as the base technology. The model was developed with CSS, Bootstrap, JQuery, and JavaScript, ensuring responsiveness, while a secure SQL Server database repository supports data storage. The software is structured using the Object-Oriented Methodology (OOM). This platform presents a user-friendly and intuitive web interface that allows students of both English and Yoruba speakers to easily access and interact with other in real-time thereby bridging the communication gap between them.
FRACTIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF HIV/AIDS
Authors: James Philip , Omale David , Atokolo William , Amos Jeremiah , Acheneje Godwin Onuche , Bolaji Bolarinwa
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates various epidemiological aspects of HIV/AIDS through a fractional-order mathematical model, emphasizing the role of treatment in the disease's transmission dynamics. Given the ongoing global impact of HIV/AIDS, with millions of people affected and significant mortality rates, understanding the complexities of its transmission and control is crucial for effective public health strategies. We establish conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the model’s solutions within the fractional framework and perform a stability analysis of the endemic equilibrium using the Lyapunov function method. Numerical simulations, executed via the fractional Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method, demonstrate the effects of model parameters and fractional-order values on HIV/AIDS dynamics and control. Additional simulations employing surface and contour plots reveal that higher contact rates and reduced treatment efficacy correlate with increased HIV/AIDS prevalence. Our findings suggest that optimizing treatment strategies can significantly lower the prevalence of HIV/AIDS within the population, ultimately contributing to enhanced health outcomes and resource allocation in combating this critical public health issue.
Development Model of Halal Order Management Systems (OMS) for Online Business Pet Shop in Indonesia
Authors: Aditya Ricky , Rusfian Effy Zalfiana
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth of the pet shop industry in Indonesia highlights the need for an efficient and halal-compliant operational system to meet the increasing demand for halal-certified products among Muslim consumers. This study proposes the development and implementation of a Halal Online Management System (OMS) that integrates real-time inventory management, order processing, shipment tracking, and compliance with halal standards. Using Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), the research addresses operational challenges, including stock errors, delivery inefficiencies, and the segregation of halal and non-halal products. The proposed system ensures a streamlined workflow while fostering transparency and trust among stakeholders. The implications of this system are significant for stakeholders: consumers benefit from assured halal compliance and enhanced service quality, employees experience greater efficiency through automated processes, and business owners gain a competitive advantage in a rapidly evolving market. Additionally, logistics providers benefit from improved shipment accuracy and operational collaboration. By aligning business practices with halal principles, the system not only boosts customer satisfaction but also reinforces ethical and religious values in the supply chain. This conceptual model has broader implications for advancing halal business practices and offers a scalable framework for similar industries. Further research is recommended to empirically validate the system’s impact on stakeholder engagement and business performance.
Diagnostic Value of Urinary CD80 in Typical and Atypical Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Hossain Md Shorab , Quader Mohammed Maruf ul , Biswas Susmita , Chowdhury Muhammad Jabed Bin Amin , Haque Salina , Chowdhury Dhiman , Mia Mohammad Musa , Hadi Fuad Md Abdul , Amin Md Fakhrul , Islam Mohammad Toufiqul
Published: December 2024

Background: Cluster of differentiation 80 is one of the important biomarker which is present on podocytes. Urinary CD80 concentration increases only in patients with typical nephrotic syndrome in active state and level remains normal in patients with atypical nephrotic syndrome. Objective: To evaluate urinary CD80 concentration as a diagnostic marker of typical and atypical nephrotic syndrome. Methods: This was a cross sectional study, performed in the Department of Paediatrics & Paediatric Nephrology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chattogram. Thirty nine with typical and 36 with atypical nephrotic syndrome were enrolled from January 2020 to July 2021.Urinary CD80 concentration was measured and compared between typical and atypical nephrotic syndrome. Results: Mean urinary CD80 concentration in typical nephrotic syndrome (671.92 ±328.45) was found significantly higher (p<0.001) than atypical nephrotic syndrome patients (122.30 ±158.47). The area under the curve for typical nephrotic syndrome was 0.946 for urinary CD80 concentration (95% confidence interval: 0.899–0.992) (p<0.001). Urinary CD80 concentration 114.9 ng/g of creatinine was found most appropriate cut-off value with the sensitivity 92.3% and the specificity 27.8% for the differentiation of typical (active state) and atypical nephrotic syndrome. Conclusion: Urinary CD80 level found significantly higher in patients with typical nephrotic syndrome than atypical nephrotic syndrome. Along with the other diagnostic criteria, urinary CD80 may be used as a non-invasive biomarker to differentiate typical and atypical nephrotic syndrome.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 78-83
Pediatric Mitochondrial Disease: Experience from A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Fatema Kanij , Dola Farah Naz
Published: December 2024

Background: Mitochondrial diseases are rare group of heterogeneous, genetically determined disorders that affect multiple organs with variable severity due to the dysfunction of mitochondria. They usually present with acute or chronic features with intermittent decompensation. The common features are neuro-regression, hypotonia, failure to thrive, stroke, seizures, myopathy, cardiomyopathy, deafness, blindness, movement disorder, lactic acidosis etc. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, neuroimaging and genetic analysis of mitochondrial diseases. Methodology: This retrospective study was done among sixteen admitted patients in the Department of Pediatric Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2023. Results: Total sixteen patients were included in the study. The age of the patients ranged from 3 months-8 years; 11 patients were male. Developmental delay and regression, seizure, hypotonia, dystonia, ataxia were the key clinical manifestations. About 12.5% had persistent hypoglycemia. 6.13% presented with periodic paroxysms of dyskinesia and weakness. In MRI of brain, predominant feature was bilateral basal ganglia involvement. Genetic analysis showed variable presentation. Here, 12.5% was diagnosed with Leigh syndrome, 12.5% had primary carnitine deficiency, 12.5% had SURF-1 mutation causing mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, 6.13% had mitochondrial short chain enoyl co-A hydratase deficiency,12.5% had mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome and 6.13% had progressive external ophthalmoplegia with mitochondrial DNA deletions. Conclusion: Multisystem heterogenous involvement gives a clue to the suspicion of mitochondrial disease in pediatric population.
Bangladesh J Child Health 2023; Vol 47 (2) : 65-71
From The Desk Of Editor In Chief Vol. 8(1)
Authors: Majumder Md Mahabubul Islam
Published: December 2024

Abstract not available
Central Medical College Journal Vol 8 No 1 January 2024 Page: 02
Visual Outcome after Cataract Surgery in a Tertiary Eye Hospital in Southern Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mohammad Ariful Islam , Rain Md Zinnu Rain , Mridha Md Zan E  Alam , Azad Abul Kalam , Mamun Al , Majumder Md Yousuf
Published: December 2024

Background: Vision is a very important sense for human life which is directly related with education, performance of work and quality of life. Worldwide cataract is considered one of the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment. Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures in ophthalmology. Cataract extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the only surgical approach available mostly in developing countries. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the visual outcome who have had their cataract surgery in a tertiary level eye hospital. Method: Prospective interventional study was conducted from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019 at Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib Eye Hospital & Training Institute (SFMEHTI), Gopalganj. It was a hospital based study of consecutive cataract-operated patients who had age-related cataract with vision 6/24 or less before surgery. For surgery all the patients were evaluated including their relevant investigations with trained ophthalmologist and allowed as fit for surgery. Total 8776 patients who admitted in this hospital and fulfill the eligibility criteria were included in this study. Patients in age of 40 - 80 years were included in the study. The most common procedure was phacoemulsification (PE) with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) 4704 (53.6%) followed by small incision cataract surgery (SICS) with posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation, operated in4072 (46.4%) eyes. Most of the surgery was done by well-trained ophthalmologists; whereas few surgeries were done by young ophthalmologists under the supervision of senior ophthalmologist. Result: Among 8776 patients operated, the most common group was 40-60 years (65.5%). The mean age of the patients was 60.47 years. Male patients were more (52.8%). In post cataract surgery patients, 5967 (68%) eyes had presenting vision >6/18. Visual acuity (VA) <6/60 was found in 176 (2%) eyes. In 8600 (98%) eyes visual acuity (VA) was improved after best correction. Poor visual outcome was significantly associated with the patients who were in older age, gender female, literacy, hearing impairment and SICS& PE surgery techniques. Conclusion: This study observed that good visual acuity can achieved in cataract surgery. More attention should be given towards monitoring of cataract surgical outcomes and correction of refractive error after surgery. It is also important to meet the WHO standard of visual outcome after cataract surgery. 
Central Medical College Journal Vol 8 No 1 January 2024 Page: 7-11
Histological changes of the kidney in gentamycin induced nephrotoxicity and protected role of fish oil
Authors: Ahmed Md Shameem , Eami Eshrat Jahan
Published: December 2024

Background: The kidneys are one of the vital organs of our body. The kidney contributes to the maintenance of homeostasis by a complex process that involves filtration, active absorption, passive absorption, secretion and the end result is the production of urine. Gentamicin induced acute renal failure is one of the kidney diseases which is very common not only in our country, also in worldwide. Gentamicin is the aminoglycoside of first choice because of its low cost and its reliable activity against all but the most resistant gram-negative aerobes. The fish oil is composed of eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid & many more, may be one or more of these compounds has got nephro-protective action. This study may ensure the clinicians about safe use of gentamicin among those patients who are resistant to other antibiotics. Objective: To identify the histomorphological changes in the kidney in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity of the Long Evans rats and beneficial effect of fish oil against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Methodology: The study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College (DMC), Dhaka, during the period from February 2005 to January 2006. The experiment was carried out on 40 healthy Long Evans rats. The rats were divided into six groups as Group: A, Group: B, Group: C and Group: D. Each group comprised of 10 (Ten) rats from either sex and was randomly selected. Results: In the present study showed that in normal saline control group of rats all the proximal tubules were normal but most of the proximal tubules showed necrotic changes that is about 77.67% of the tubules were necrotic in gentamicin treated nephrotoxic rats. It was also found that the fish oil treated groups showed less severe form of injury. Conclusion: Histologically kidney of experimental control group (gentamicin treated rats) showed proximal tubular necrosis. In the present study the fish oil showed the partial protection against the nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin administered during the last 6 days of treatment with fish oil and by ameliorating the histopathological damage.
Central Medical College Journal Vol 8 No 1 January 2024 Page: 12-16
Smartphone Addiction Affecting Study Habit of Chittagong University Students
Authors: Hossain Muhammad Alamgir , Kawser Jannatul
Published: December 2024

The aim of the research was to determine the effects of smartphone addiction on study habits of university students. Data were collected from 200 students (100 males and 100 females) selected purposively from Chittagong University, Bangladesh. To collect data, Personal Information Form (PIF), Smartphone Addiction Scale–Short Version (SAS-SV) translated by Hossain and Kawser1 and Study Habit Questionnaire adapted by Ahmed, Hossain, and Rashid2 were administered on 200 undergraduates of Chittagong University. To analyze the data, t-test and regression analyses was used. Results revealed that higher smartphone usages led to lower study habits. There were statistically significant gender differences in smartphone addiction and study habits of students. In addition, statistically significant differences between residential and non-residential students were observed in case of smartphone addiction, but no significant differences were evident for study habits. A multiple regression analysis confirmed that smartphone addiction was a significant predictor that could explain 6.3% variations in study habits of university students.
Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. Vol. 12 (1 & 2): 1-7, 2024
Erosion and Deposition induced Land Use Changes: A Geospatial Analysis on Sangu River, Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Sekandar , Jabed Md Akib , Rahman Md Atiqur , Shakib Mohammed Shadman , Rahman Muhammad Arifur
Published: December 2024

The study attempts to measure the eroded and deposited area of the Sangu River to understand the impacts of river systems on land use changes. Landsat photos of the last 28 years of the Sangu River floodplain (Anowara and Banshkhali Upazila of Chattogram) were analyzed at 5-year intervals using GIS and remote sensing techniques. ArcGIS 10.8v and ERDAS IMAGINE 2015 were used for the analysis. Results show that the total area that has been eroded and deposited during the past 28 years is 7070.70 ha and 437.87 ha, respectively. Moreover, a substantial portion of the deposited land has already been transformed for commercial uses such as shrimp cultivation which might deteriorate the soil fertility in the future and could exacerbate the salinity aggression in this area. It is expected that the study will contribute in the optimization and management of the floodplain which is crucial for the safety and welfare of the communities.
Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. Vol. 12 (1 & 2): 8-18, 2024
Investigation of Anxiolytic, Cytotoxic, and Anthelmintic Activities of the Leaves of Calamus rotang L. (Arecaceae)
Authors: Afrin Syeda Rubaiya , Didari Sayeda Saima , Jannat Sarah Waddun , Islam Mohammad Rashedul , Khanam Bibi Humayra , Hossain Mohammed Kamrul
Published: December 2024

Nature has always blessed humanity with numerous means of remedy for treating a wide range of diseases. Since different parts of Calamus rotang L. have several ethnopharmacological activities, including CNS depressant and anthelmintic action, its crude methanol extract of leaves was used to investigate its anxiolytic, cytotoxic, and anthelmintic activities. The methanol was selected because it could extract a vast range of phytoconstituents. The anti-anxiety activities of CRME were investigated on the Swiss albino mice model through a hole board and elevated plus maze test, while the cytotoxic and anthelmintic activities were screened on brine shrimps and Pheretima posthuma, respectively. The current study exhibited that crude methanol extract of C. rotang L. leaves had a significant (p>0.001) and dose-dependent effect against anxiety on mice model of hole board and elevated plus maze when compared with that of control. Furthermore, crude methanol extract of C. rotang L. leaves showed a concentration-dependent mild anthelmintic effect exhibiting no cytotoxicity (LC50 value of 1.02 mg/ml). Thus, the present study revealed the potential of crude methanol extract of C. rotang L. leaves as an excellent anxiolytic agent having a mild anthelmintic effect with no cytotoxicity.
Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. Vol. 12 (1 & 2): 19-26, 2024
Phytochemical Screening and Pharmacological Evaluation of Merremia vitifolia (Burm.f.) Hallier f. Leaf Extract
Authors: Shorna Mahabuba Khanam , Jannat Sarah Waddun , Afrin Syeda Rubaiya , Didari Sayeda Saima , Islam Mohammad Rashedul , Proma Nawreen Monir , Hossain Mohammed Kamrul
Published: December 2024

The current investigation aimed to explore the various pharmacological properties of methanol extracts of Merremia vitifolia (Burm.f.) Hallier f. leaves (MEMV). Phytochemical analysis was performed following the established procedures. Using the hole board device, the anxiolytic action was measured. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to evaluate the hypoglycemic activity and the castor oil-induced diarrhea method was employed to explore the antidiarrheal activity in Swiss albino mice. Utilizing the brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA), cytotoxicity was evaluated. In this study, it was observed that MEMV contained a number of active secondary metabolites such as triterpenes, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, phenols and tannins. Compared to the control group, MEMV at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (p<0.05; p<0.001) significantly increased the number of head dips. However, MEMV showed potential as a dose-dependent anxiolytic medication. In the OGTT procedure, MEMV exhibited possible hypoglycemic effects that persisted for a shorter period. After 30 minutes of glucose load, the 200 mg/kg dose of MEMV significantly lowered blood glucose levels by 60.70% (p<0.001), in comparison to the control group. When compared to standard loperamide (p<0.001), the MEMV at both doses (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) inhibited the total number of defecations during the testing period in the castor oil-induced antidiarrheal test. During the BSLA test, the LC50 values of MEMV were found to be 2.882 µg/mL. In comparison to the control group, MEMV demonstrated a good cytotoxic effect. To conclude, our research revealed that the plant extracts have potential anxiolytic, hypoglycemic, antidiarrheal, and cytotoxic properties.
Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. Vol. 12 (1 & 2): 35-44, 2024
A Comparative Study of Biochar Derived from Two Different Sources and Inorganic NPK Fertilizer on the Growth and Biomass Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Haque Md Enamul , Osman Khan Towhid , Kashem Md Abul
Published: December 2024

Biochar has been regarding as a potential soil amendment for sustainable soil health, crop growth and mitigating climate change. Thus, the present study was performed to assess the effects of different rates of two biochar amendments and inorganic NPK fertilizer on the growth and biomass yield of wheat under pot condition at Chittagong University, Bangladesh. The two biochars prepared from mustard oil cake and rice straw by slow pyrolysis technique at 350-450 ºC were applied separately to the pot soil at the rate of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% (w/w) and inorganic NPK fertilizer were also separately applied to the soil at the rate of 0, ¼, ½, ¾ and 1 of the recommended rate. The amended pot soil was incubated for 2 weeks before sowing of wheat seeds and observed the initial changes of soil properties. After 2 weeks of equilibration, soil organic carbon (OC) and Olsen P were relatively higher increased with oil cake biochar (OCB) whereas soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and available K were shown relatively higher value with rice straw biochar (RSB). The growth parameters at different growth periods and biomass yield after harvest were recorded. The growth parameters such as plant height, leaf number, spike growth, root length, total fresh and dry biomass were increased significantly (p < 0.05) with different rates of biochar and fertilizer amendments. In biochar amendment, the highest total fresh biomass (50.77 g.pot-1), total dry biomass (32.27 g.pot-1) and above ground dry biomass (27.14 g.pot-1) were found with 5% OCB rate which were statistically identical with 1 NPK rate (p < 0.05). Overall, the growth performance and biomass yield with OCB amendment was relatively better than RSB amendment. Our results suggest that both biochar (OCB or RSB) could be used to improve soils properties and hence productivity.
Chittagong Univ. J. B. Sci. Vol. 12 (1 & 2): 56-71, 2024