bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supra‐Additive Interaction of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Naproxen and Gastric Safety on the Formalin Test in Rats
Authors: Arroyo‐Lira Arlette Guadalupe , Rodríguez‐Ramos Fernando , Ortiz Mario I. , Castañeda‐Hernández Gilberto , Chávez‐Piña Aracely Evangelina
Published: August 2017

Preclinical Research

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics—nociception—of naproxen in rats, as well as to determine the gastric safety resulting from this combination versus naproxen alone. Female Wistar rats were orally administered DHA, naproxen or the DHA‐naproxen mixture at fixed‐ratio combination of 1:3. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the formalin test. The gastric injury was determined 3 h after naproxen administration. An isobolographic analysis was performed to characterize the antinociceptive interaction between DHA and naproxen. To determine the possibility of pharmacokinetic interactions, the oral bioavailability of naproxen was evaluated in presence and absence of oral DHA. The experimental effective dose ED30 values (Zexp) were decreased from theoretical additive dose values (Zadd; P < 0.05). The isobolographic analysis showed that the combination exhibited supra‐additive interaction. The oral administration of DHA increased the pharmacokinetic parameter AUC0‐t of naproxen (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the gastric damage induced by naproxen was abolished when this drug was combined with DHA. These data suggest that oral administration of DHA‐naproxen combination induces gastric safety and supra‐additive antinociceptive effect in the formalin test so that this combination could be useful to management of inflammatory pain. Drug Dev Res 78 : 332‐339, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genomic timetree and historical biogeography of Caribbean island ameiva lizards (Pholidoscelis: Teiidae)
Authors: Tucker Derek B. , Hedges Stephen Blair , Colli Guarino R. , Pyron Robert Alexander , Sites Jack W.
Published: August 2017

The phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic history of Caribbean island ameivas (Pholidoscelis) are not well‐known because of incomplete sampling, conflicting datasets, and poor support for many clades. Here, we use phylogenomic and mitochondrial DNA datasets to reconstruct a well‐supported phylogeny and assess historical colonization patterns in the group. We obtained sequence data from 316 nuclear loci and one mitochondrial marker for 16 of 19 extant species of the Caribbean endemic genus Pholidoscelis. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using both concatenation and species tree approaches. To estimate divergence times, we used fossil teiids to calibrate a timetree which was used to elucidate the historical biogeography of these lizards. All phylogenetic analyses recovered four well‐supported species groups (clades) recognized previously and supported novel relationships of those groups, including a (P. auberi + P. lineolatus) clade (western + central Caribbean), and a (P. exsul + P. plei) clade (eastern Caribbean). Divergence between Pholidoscelis and its sister clade was estimated to have occurred ~25 Ma, with subsequent diversification on Caribbean islands occurring over the last 11 Myr. Of the six models compared in the biogeographic analyses, the scenario which considered the distance among islands and allowed dispersal in all directions best fit the data. These reconstructions suggest that the ancestor of this group colonized either Hispaniola or Puerto Rico from Middle America. We provide a well‐supported phylogeny of Pholidoscelis with novel relationships not reported in previous studies that were based on significantly smaller datasets. We propose that Pholidoscelis colonized the eastern Greater Antilles from Middle America based on our biogeographic analysis, phylogeny, and divergence time estimates. The closing of the Central American Seaway and subsequent formation of the modern Atlantic meridional overturning circulation may have promoted dispersal in this group.
The other white‐nose syndrome transcriptome: Tolerant and susceptible hosts respond differently to the pathogen Pseudogymnoascus destructans
Authors: Davy Christina M. , Donaldson Michael E. , Willis Craig K. R. , Saville Barry J. , McGuire Liam P. , Mayberry Heather , Wilcox Alana , Wibbelt Gudrun , Misra Vikram , Bollinger Trent , Kyle Christopher J.
Published: August 2017

Mitigation of emerging infectious diseases that threaten global biodiversity requires an understanding of critical host and pathogen responses to infection. For multihost pathogens where pathogen virulence or host susceptibility is variable, host–pathogen interactions in tolerant species may identify potential avenues for adaptive evolution in recently exposed, susceptible hosts. For example, the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans causes white‐nose syndrome (WNS) in hibernating bats and is responsible for catastrophic declines in some species in North America, where it was recently introduced. Bats in Europe and Asia, where the pathogen is endemic, are only mildly affected. Different environmental conditions among Nearctic and Palearctic hibernacula have been proposed as an explanation for variable disease outcomes, but this hypothesis has not been experimentally tested. We report the first controlled, experimental investigation of response to P. destructans in a tolerant, European species of bat (the greater mouse‐eared bat, Myotis myotis). We compared body condition, disease outcomes and gene expression in control (sham‐exposed) and exposed M. myotis that hibernated under controlled environmental conditions following treatment. Tolerant M. myotis experienced extremely limited fungal growth and did not exhibit symptoms of WNS. However, we detected no differential expression of genes associated with immune response in exposed bats, indicating that immune response does not drive tolerance of P. destructans in late hibernation. Variable responses to P. destructans among bat species cannot be attributed solely to environmental or ecological factors. Instead, our results implicate coevolution with the pathogen, and highlight the dynamic nature of the “white‐nose syndrome transcriptome.” Interspecific variation in response to exposure by the host (and possibly pathogen) emphasizes the importance of context in studies of the bat‐WNS system, and robust characterization of genetic responses to exposure in various hosts and the pathogen should precede any attempts to use particular bat species as generalizable “model hosts.”
Foliar nutrient resorption patterns of four functional plants along a precipitation gradient on the Tibetan Changtang Plateau
Authors: Zhao Guangshuai , Shi Peili , Wu Jianshuang , Xiong Dingpeng , Zong Ning , Zhang Xianzhou
Published: August 2017

Nutrient resorption from senesced leaves as a nutrient conservation strategy is important for plants to adapt to nutrient deficiency, particularly in alpine and arid environment. However, the leaf nutrient resorption patterns of different functional plants across environmental gradient remain unclear. In this study, we conducted a transect survey of 12 communities to address foliar nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) resorption strategies of four functional groups along an eastward increasing precipitation gradient in northern Tibetan Changtang Plateau. Soil nutrient availability, leaf nutrient concentration, and N:P ratio in green leaves ([N:P]g) were linearly correlated with precipitation. Nitrogen resorption efficiency decreased, whereas phosphorus resorption efficiency except for sedge increased with increasing precipitation, indicating a greater nutrient conservation in nutrient‐poor environment. The surveyed alpine plants except for legume had obviously higher N and P resorption efficiencies than the world mean levels. Legumes had higher N concentrations in green and senesced leaves, but lowest resorption efficiency than nonlegumes. Sedge species had much lower P concentration in senesced leaves but highest P resorption efficiency, suggesting highly competitive P conservation. Leaf nutrient resorption efficiencies of N and P were largely controlled by soil and plant nutrient, and indirectly regulated by precipitation. Nutrient resorption efficiencies were more determined by soil nutrient availability, while resorption proficiencies were more controlled by leaf nutrient and N:P of green leaves. Overall, our results suggest strong internal nutrient cycling through foliar nutrient resorption in the alpine nutrient‐poor ecosystems on the Plateau. The patterns of soil nutrient availability and resorption also imply a transit from more N limitation in the west to a more P limitation in the east Changtang. Our findings offer insights into understanding nutrient conservation strategy in the precipitation and its derived soil nutrient availability gradient.
Warming effects on permafrost ecosystem carbon fluxes associated with plant nutrients
Authors: Li Fei , Peng Yunfeng , Natali Susan M. , Chen Kelong , Han Tianfeng , Yang Guibiao , Ding Jinzhi , Zhang Dianye , Wang Guanqin , Wang Jun , Yu Jianchun , Liu Futing , Yang Yuanhe
Published: August 2017

Large uncertainties exist in carbon (C)‐climate feedback in permafrost regions, partly due to an insufficient understanding of warming effects on nutrient availabilities and their subsequent impacts on vegetation C sequestration. Although a warming climate may promote a substantial release of soil C to the atmosphere, a warming‐induced increase in soil nutrient availability may enhance plant productivity, thus offsetting C loss from microbial respiration. Here, we present evidence that the positive temperature effect on carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes may be weakened by reduced plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) concentrations in a Tibetan permafrost ecosystem. Although experimental warming initially enhanced ecosystem CO2 uptake, the increased rate disappeared after the period of peak plant growth during the early growing season, even though soil moisture was not a limiting factor in this swamp meadow ecosystem. We observed that warming did not significantly affect soil extractable N or P during the period of peak growth, but decreased both N and P concentrations in the leaves of dominant plant species, likely caused by accelerated plant senescence in the warmed plots. The attenuated warming effect on CO2 assimilation during the late growing season was associated with lowered leaf N and P concentrations. These findings suggest that warming‐mediated nutrient changes may not always benefit ecosystem C uptake in permafrost regions, making our ability to predict the C balance in these warming‐sensitive ecosystems more challenging than previously thought.
It's Getting Tight: Highly Substituted Intramolecularly P=O→Sn Coordinated Ferrocene Derivatives
Authors: Nayyar Bastian , Kapoor Ramid , Lutter Michael , Alnasr Hazem , Jurkschat Klaus
Published: August 2017

Herein, we report the syntheses of the novel P(O)(OiPr)2‐ and organostannyl‐substituted ferrocene derivatives Fe[{η5‐C5H3‐1‐SnPh3‐2‐P(O)(OiPr)2}{η5‐C5H4P(O)(OiPr)2}] (1a), Fe[η5‐C5H3‐1‐SnPh3‐2‐P(O)(O‐iPr)2]2 (1b), Fe[{η5‐C5H2‐1,3‐(SnPh2X)2‐2‐P(O)(OiPr)2}{η5‐C5H4P(O)(OiPr)2}] (2, X = I; 3, X = Br; 4, X = Cl; 5, X = F), and η5‐CpFeη5‐C5H‐1,3‐(SnPh3)2‐4,5‐[P(O)(OiPr)2]2 (7). Furthermore, we report the synthesis of the organotin iodide η5‐CpFeη5‐C5H‐1,3‐(SnPh2I)2‐4,5‐[P(O)(OiPr)2]2 (8), and its reactions with KF, AgPF6, I2, and AgClO4 to provide the corresponding organotin derivatives η5‐CpFeη5‐C5H‐1,3‐(SnPh2I)2‐4,5‐[P(O)(OiPr)2]2 (9), η5‐CpFeη5‐C5H‐1,3‐(SnPhI2)2‐4,5‐[P(O)(OiPr)2]2 (10), and [η5‐CpFeη5‐(C5H‐1‐SnPh2OH‐3‐SnPh2‐4,5‐{P(O)(OiPr)2}2)]ClO4·H2O (11). The latter compound is the first example of an air‐stable, tetrasubstituted ferrocene derivative containing a bicentric (bis)organotin cation. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H, 13C, 31P, 119Sn NMR and IR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and, except for 6 and 9, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Chiral Polyaryl Cyclophanes
Authors: Pascal Robert A. , Dudnikov Andrey , Love LeaAnn A. , Geng Xin , Dougherty Kelly J. , Mague Joel T. , Kraml Christina M. , Byrne Neal
Published: August 2017

A series of propeller‐shaped, C3‐symmetric cyclophanes have been synthesized by the macrocyclization of 1,3,5‐trimercaptobenzene (12) with either a tris[o‐(halomethyl)aryl]phosphine (e.g. 11) or a tris[o‐(halomethyl)aryl]benzene (e.g. 24). Two phosphine‐capped cyclophanes (5 and 6) were prepared in this way; they proved to be configurationally stable, and both were resolved into pure enantiomers by supercritical fluid chromatography on chiral supports. Compound 6, in particular, displayed a large specific rotation ([α]D ≈ 800) and strong circular dichroism. The one triarylbenzene‐capped cyclophane (9) that was made possessed a modest barrier to racemization (ΔGrac‡ = 15.7 kcal/mol). Computational studies of the trends in optical rotation for this class of compounds as well as the pathway for the racemization of 9 are also reported.
Adaptation of the Experimental Background (ATEB) Method in Voltammetric Determination of Thujone in Herbal Matrices
Authors: Górski Łukasz , Kowalcze Mateusz , Jakubowska Małgorzata
Published: August 2017

In this work, a new baseline correction method, named the Adaptation of The Experimental Background (ATEB), based on the subtraction of the blank sample signal (registered for solution without an analyte, for example a supporting electrolyte), was introduced. However, the method was something more than the simple subtraction of the blank sample signal. An innovation of the algorithm consisted in improving of the blank sample signal through application of the polynomials. Operation of the algorithm was demonstrated in determination of thujone in the synthetic and real samples. The synthetic samples were composed of two different mixtures of the quasi‐absinthe herbal matrices spiked with 0.7–14 mg L−1 of thujone. The measurements were conducted with or without presence of Cu2+, which is an interfering agent originating from production of absinthe like alcoholic beverages. The real sample was Rodnik's absinthe, likewise spiked with thujone. Application of the ATEB method enabled calculation of the calibration lines with very good correlation (not lower than 0.997).
Fabrication of weak‐acid functionalized mesoporous carbon solid acid from tannic acid and its use for saccharification of cellulose
Authors: Sukma Luh Putu Pitrayani , Qian Eika W.
Published: August 2017

A series of mesoporous carbon‐based solid acid catalysts were prepared using tannic acid (C76H52O46), a polyphenol compound, as starting carbon materials and SBA‐15 as silica template. The tannic acid catalysts were characterized by use of N2 Adsorption‐Desorption Isotherm, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and titration method. Phenolic hydroxyl group with weak acidity was confirmed as main functional groups in these catalysts based on characterization using FT‐IR and XPS. The catalysts were tested in saccharification of cellulose. Effects of different preparation parameters of catalyst were correlated to its saccharification activity: (a) oxidation using H2SO4 was important factor determined the high catalytic activity of catalysts, proved by comparison of catalytic activity of catalysts after treatment in concentrated H2SO4 and parent materials lacking the functionalization, (b) higher carbon coating also promoted good catalytic activity since it has higher relative percentage of acid functional groups based on XPS measurement, and (c) catalyst that treated by short oxidation time (2 h) could exhibit higher catalytic activity compared with catalysts that treated by longer oxidation time. With a ratio of catalyst/substrate: 0.5/1 (g/g) at 180°C for 1 h, glucose yield and conversion of 31.45 and 53.86% could be obtained. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 850–860, 2018
Schlagrammung von Stahlrohrpfählen für die Offshore‐Windindustrie
Authors: Kortsch Peer , Kirsch Fabian
Published: August 2017

Die heute gängigen Gründungsmethoden von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen (Jacket‐, Tripod‐, oder Monopfahlgründung) werden zum überwiegenden Teil durch gerammte Stahlrohrpfähle realisiert. Vor dem Hintergrund der Wirtschaftlichkeit, zur Auswahl der geeigneten Einbringgeräte sowie als Grundlage für die stahlbauliche Bemessung (Ermüdungsnachweis) ist es dabei von Bedeutung, vor Beginn der Arbeiten Prognosen über den Rammverlauf zu erstellen. Als Rechenergebnisse und Kriterien dienen dabei neben der Unterwasserschallausbreitung, die hier nicht behandelt wird, u. a. die Schlagzahlen und der Zeitraum, der zur Einbringung der Pfähle erforderlich ist, der im Boden während der Rammung (mit oder ohne Rammunterbrechungen) auftretende Bodenwiderstand (Static Resistance to Driving – SRD) und die Druck‐ und Zugspannungen im Pfahl. Während des tatsächlichen Rammvorgangs ist es möglich, rammbegleitende dynamische Messungen vorzunehmen, die u. a. die Aufzeichnung von Schlagzahlen bei der Rammung und die tatsächlich auftretenden Spannungen im Pfahl beinhalten und zum Nachweis der Pfahltragfähigkeit dienen können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden anhand von Messdaten aus rammbegleitenden Pfahltests in der Nord‐ und Ostsee theoretische Rammprognosen und somit die SRD‐Modelle mit den tatsächlichen Rammvorgängen verglichen und auf ihre Anwendbarkeit bezüglich der mit Sand‐ oder Kreideschichtung dominierten Böden überprüft.
3D Pressure‐limited approach to model and estimate CO2 injection and storage capacity: saline Mount Simon Formation
Authors: Jahediesfanjani Hossein , Warwick Peter D. , Anderson Steven T.
Published: August 2017

To estimate the carbon dioxide (CO2) injection and storage capacity of saline formations, we used Tough2‐ECO2N simulation software to develop a pressure‐limited (dynamic) simulation approach based on applying three‐dimensional (3D) numerical simulation only on the effective injection area (Aeff) surrounding each injection well. A statistical analysis was performed to account for existing reservoir heterogeneity and property variations. The accuracy of the model simulation results (such as CO2 plume extension and induced injection well bottomhole pressure values) were tested and verified against the data obtained from the Decatur CO2 injection study of the Mount Simon Formation. Next, we designed a full‐field CO2 injection pattern by populating the core sections of this formation with a series of the simulated effective injection areas such that each simulated Aeff acts as a closed domain. The results of this analysis were used to estimate the optimum number and location of the required CO2 injection wells, along with the dynamic annual CO2 injection rate and overall pressure‐limited storage capacity of this formation. This approach enabled us to model separate CO2 injection activities independently at different sections of the same saline formation and to model and simulate faults and natural barriers by considering them as boundary conditions for each simulated Aeff without constructing full‐field models. Using this approach, a series of modeled Aeff with relevant properties may be redesigned to model any other saline formation with a similar structure. © 2017 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AxTract: Toward microstructure informed tractography
Authors: Girard Gabriel , Daducci Alessandro , Petit Laurent , Thiran Jean‐Philippe , Whittingstall Kevin , Deriche Rachid , Wassermann Demian , Descoteaux Maxime
Published: August 2017

Diffusion‐weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tractography has become the tool of choice to probe the human brain's white matter in vivo. However, tractography algorithms produce a large number of erroneous streamlines (false positives), largely due to complex ambiguous tissue configurations. Moreover, the relationship between the resulting streamlines and the underlying white matter microstructure characteristics remains poorly understood. In this work, we introduce a new approach to simultaneously reconstruct white matter fascicles and characterize the apparent distribution of axon diameters within fascicles. To achieve this, our method, AxTract, takes full advantage of the recent development DW‐MRI microstructure acquisition, modeling, and reconstruction techniques. This enables AxTract to separate parallel fascicles with different microstructure characteristics, hence reducing ambiguities in areas of complex tissue configuration. We report a decrease in the incidence of erroneous streamlines compared to the conventional deterministic tractography algorithms on simulated data. We also report an average increase in streamline density over 15 known fascicles of the 34 healthy subjects. Our results suggest that microstructure information improves tractography in crossing areas of the white matter. Moreover, AxTract provides additional microstructure information along the fascicle that can be studied alongside other streamline‐based indices. Overall, AxTract provides the means to distinguish and follow white matter fascicles using their microstructure characteristics, bringing new insights into the white matter organization. This is a step forward in microstructure informed tractography, paving the way to a new generation of algorithms able to deal with intricate configurations of white matter fibers and providing quantitative brain connectivity analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5485–5500, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LncRNA AK054921 and AK128652 are potential serum biomarkers and predictors of patient survival with alcoholic cirrhosis
Authors: Yang Zhihong , Ross Ruth A , Zhao Shi , Tu Wanzhu , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Wang Li
Published: August 2017

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the pathogenesis of several disease processes. However, the roles of lncRNAs in patients with ALD remain unexplored. Global profiling for human lncRNAs from peripheral blood RNA was performed in a well‐characterized cohort of healthy controls (HC; n = 4), excessive drinkers (ED) without liver disease (n = 4), and those with alcoholic cirrhosis (AC) with different severities (n = 12). The expression of unique lncRNA signatures were validated in a separate cohort of HC (n = 17), ED (n = 19), AC (n = 48), and human liver tissues with ALD (n = 19). A detailed analysis of plasma lncRNAs in AC subjects with different severities compared with HC identified 244 commonly up‐regulated lncRNAs and 181 commonly down‐regulated lncRNAs. We further validated top 20 most differentially up‐ and down‐regulated lncRNAs in ED and AC compared with HC and also determined the expression of selected lncRNAs in human liver tissues with or without AC. Among those lncRNAs, AK128652 and AK054921 were two of the most abundantly expressed lncRNAs in normal human plasma and liver, and their levels were significantly elevated in AC. The prognostic significance of AK128652 and AK054921 was determined in 48 subjects with AC who were followed prospectively for 520 days. The expression of AK128652 and AK054921 was inversely associated with survival in patients with AC. Conclusion: lncRNAs AK054921 and AK128652 are potential biomarkers to predict the progression to ALD in individuals with excessive alcohol consumption and are predictors of survival in patients with AC. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:513–523)
Role of XIST/miR‐29a/LIN28A pathway in denatured dermis and human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) after thermal injury
Authors: Guo Le , Huang Xu , Liang Pengfei , Zhang Pihong , Zhang Minghua , Ren Licheng , Zeng Jizhang , Cui Xv , Huang Xiaoyuan
Published: August 2017

Denatured dermis is a part of the dermis in deep burn wound and has the ability to restore normal morphology and function. In our previous study, we revealed that miR‐29a downregulation in denatured dermis may help burn wound healing in the later phase, and further enhance type I collagen synthesis. LIN28A, a highly‐conserved RNA binding protein expressed during embryogenesis, plays roles in development, pluripotency, metabolism, as well as tissue repair in adults. In the present study, we investigated the functional roles of LIN28A in human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM), and the interaction between miR‐29a and LIN28A. In recent years, long non‐coding RNAs have been reported to play a key role in normal development and physiology, as well as in disease development. By using online tools, we screened out several candidate lncRNAs of miR‐29a, among which XIST was inversely regulated by miR‐29a. XIST, one of the first found cancer‐associated lncRNAs, has been frequently reported to play major role in several biological processes. Further, we evaluated the roles and mechanism of XIST in HSF proliferation, migration, and ECM synthesis. Through regulation of miR‐29a/LIN28A, XIST knockdown suppressed HSF proliferation, migration, and ECM synthesis. In denatured dermis tissues, XIST, and LIN28A expression was upregulated, miR‐29a expression was downregulated. Taken together, promoting XIST expression in denatured dermis, thus to inhibit miR‐29a and promote LIN28A expression, further promote HSF proliferation, migration, and ECM synthesis presents a promising strategy for denatured dermis repair.
Integrative miRNA analysis identifies hsa‐miR‐3154, hsa‐miR‐7‐3, and hsa‐miR‐600 as potential prognostic biomarker for cervical cancer
Authors: Zeng Ying , Wang Kai‐Xiu , Xu Hui , Hong Yang
Published: August 2017

MicroRNAs, which can interfere with the translation of target mRNAs, caught a particular interest as their functions are related to human cancers. As the most common cancer in women, cervical cancer remains one of the leading cancer‐related causes of death. In this study, we performed an integrative miRNA analysis to identify prognosis related miRNAs for cervical cancer. In addition, we developed an n‐miRNA expression signature (risk score) to comprehensively assess the prognosis of cervical cancer, especially for survival time. Furthermore, we performed target predictions and functional enrichment analyses for the identified miRNAs to investigate their potential role in the development of disease. Univariate Cox regression models were used to assess the association between miRNAs and prognosis of cervical cancer. Three miRNAs were identified to be significantly associated with survival time of patients. Hsa‐miR‐3154 and hsa‐miR‐7‐3 were significantly associated with shortened survival time and more death cases, whereas expression level of hsa‐miR‐600 was significantly associated with prolonged survival time. The function enrichment analysis showed the target genes of poor prognosis related miRNAs were mainly enriched in the mTOR pathway, whereas target genes of positive prognosis related miRNAs were mainly enriched in the AMPK pathway. In summary, a 3‐miRNA expression signature was identified which can predict cervical cancer patient survival. The potential functions of this 3‐miRNA expression signature and individual miRNAs as prognostic targets of cervical cancer were revealed by this study. Furthermore, these findings may have important implications in the understanding of the potential therapeutic method for the cervical cancer patients.
Modulation of NFKB1/p50 by ROS leads to impaired ATP production during MI compared to cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Mitra Arkadeep , Datta Ritwik , Rana Santanu , Sarkar Sagartirtha
Published: August 2017

Pathological hypertrophy and myocardial infarction (MI) are two etiologically different cardiac disorders having differential molecular mechanisms of disease manifestation. However, no study has been conducted so far to analyze and compare the differential status of energy metabolism in these two disease forms. It was shown recently by our group that production of ATP is significantly impaired during MI along with inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1‐β (PDHE1 B) by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4). However, the ATP levels showed no significant change during pathological hypertrophy compared to control group. To seek a plausible explanation of this phenomenon, the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR) pathway was studied in all the experimental groups which revealed that PGC1α‐ ERRα axis remains active in MI while the same remained inactive during pathological hypertrophy possibly by NF‐κB that plays a significant role in deactivating this pathway during hypertrophy. At the same time, it was observed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) negatively regulates NF‐κB activity during MI by oxidation of cysteine residues of p50‐ the DNA binding subunit of NF‐κB. Thus, this study reports for the first time, a possible mechanism for the differential status of energy metabolism during two etiologically different cardiac pathophysiological conditions involving PGC1α‐ERRα axis along with p50 subunit of NF‐κB.
Estimating and modeling charge transfer from the SAPT induction energy
Authors: Deng Shi , Wang Qiantao , Ren Pengyu
Published: August 2017

Recent studies using quantum mechanics energy decomposition methods, for example, SAPT and ALMO, have revealed that the charge transfer energy may play an important role in short ranged inter‐molecular interactions, and have a different distance dependence comparing with the polarization energy. However, the charge transfer energy component has been ignored in most current polarizable or non‐polarizable force fields. In this work, first, we proposed an empirical decomposition of SAPT induction energy into charge transfer and polarization energy that mimics the regularized SAPT method (ED‐SAPT). This empirical decomposition is free of the divergence issue, hence providing a good reference for force field development. Then, we further extended this concept in the context of AMOEBA polarizable force field, proposed a consistent approach to treat the charge transfer phenomenon. Current results show a promising application of this charge transfer model in future force field development. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partial atomic multipoles for internally consistent microelectrostatic calculations
Authors: Snamina Mateusz , Mazur Grzegorz , Petelenz Piotr
Published: August 2017

An extension of the extant microelectrostatic methodologies, based on the concept of distributed generalized polarizability matrix derived from the Coupled Perturbed Hartree–Fock (CPHF) equations, is proposed for self‐consistent calculation of charge carrier and charge‐transfer (CT) state electrostatic energies in molecular solids, including the doped, defected and disordered ones. The CPHF equations are solved only once and the generalized molecular polarizability they yield enables low cost iterations that mutually adjust the molecular electronic distributions and the local electric field in which the molecules are immersed. The approach offers a precise picture of molecular charge densities, accounting for atomic partial multipoles up to order 2, which allows one to reproduce the recently reported large charge‐quadrupole contributions to CT state energies in low‐symmetry local environments. It is particularly well suited for repetitive calculations for large clusters (up to 300,000 atoms), and may potentially be useful for describing electrostatic solvent effects. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Evaluation of Novel Benzoxazole Derivatives Containing a 1,2,3‐Triazole Moiety
Authors: Jiang Yu‐Qin , Jia Shu‐Hong , Li Xi‐Yong , Sun Ya‐Min , Li Wei , Zhang Wei‐Wei , Xu Gui‐Qing
Published: August 2017

For finding novel bioactive compounds with significant antifungal activities, 17 novel benzoxazole derivatives containing a 1,2,3‐triazole moiety were synthesized by the copper(II) acetylacetonate‐catalyzed cyclization reaction between 2‐aminophenol derivatives and 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4‐carbaldehyde derivatives (4a), which were prepared through three steps using aromatic amine as the starting material. Antifungal activities of the prepared compounds were evaluated against Botrytis cinerea (BC) and Fusarium Verticillium (FV). The test results indicated that compounds 5b, 5c, 5h, and 5n show good inhibitory effects on fungi. The preliminary structure–activity relationship is also discussed.
EPA blocks TNF‐α‐induced inhibition of sugar uptake in Caco‐2 cells via GPR120 and AMPK
Authors: Castilla‐Madrigal Rosa , Barrenetxe Jaione , Moreno‐Aliaga María J. , Lostao María Pilar
Published: August 2017

The aim of the present work was to investigate in Caco‐2 cells whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, could block the inhibitory effect of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) on sugar transport, and identify the intracellular signaling pathways involved. After pre‐incubation of the Caco‐2 cells with TNF‐α and EPA for 1 hr, EPA prevented the inhibitory effect of the cytokine on α‐methyl‐d‐glucose (αMG) uptake (15 min) and on SGLT1 expression at the brush border membrane, measured by Western blot. The ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 and the AMPK activator AICAR also prevented the inhibitory effect of TNF‐α on both αMG uptake and SGLT1 expression. Interestingly, the AMPK inhibitor, Compound C, abolished the ability of EPA to prevent TNF‐α‐induced reduction of sugar uptake and transporter expression. The GPR120 antagonist, AH7614, also blocked the preventive effect of EPA on TNF‐α‐induced decrease of αMG uptake and AMPK phosphorylation. In summary, TNF‐α inhibits αMG uptake by decreasing SGLT1 expression in the brush border membrane through the activation of ERK1/2 pathway. EPA prevents the inhibitory effect of TNF‐α through the involvement of GPR120 and AMPK activation.
Modulation of convectively coupled equatorial Rossby wave on the western North Pacific tropical cyclones activity
Authors: Zhao Haikun , Wu Liguang
Published: August 2017

The convectively coupled equatorial Rossby waves (ERWs) how to quantitatively modulate the western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs) are investigated systematically from observations in this study. Our results show that ERWs can exert a distinct modulation on the WNP TC genesis by altering large‐scale conditions and thus significantly impact on the TC tracks and basin‐wide TC intensity.

During the convectively active ERW phase, more TCs and larger daily genesis rate (DGR) can be observed, while fewer TCs and lower DGR are found during the convectively inactive ERW phase. Such changes are mainly attributed to changes of large‐scale parameters modulated by ERWs over the WNP. Budget terms of the total anomalous observed genesis potential index (GPI) indicate that the mid‐level relative humidity and low‐level vorticity are the two largest contributors to ERWs‐composited GPI anomalies. Similar results are further obtained by analyses of the pattern correlations between the total anomalous GPI associated with ERWs and the anomalous GPI with varying environmental factors. Moreover, more TCs with north‐westward tracks and more intense TCs over the WNP can be generally found during the convectively active phases of ERWs in contrast to that during the convectively inactive phases. This study enhances our understanding of intra‐seasonal variability of WNP TC activity and has a substantial implication for its sub‐seasonal prediction.
Raman scattering of graphene‐based systems in high magnetic fields
Authors: Faugeras Clement , Orlita Milan , Potemski Marek
Published: August 2017

We review the different results obtained in the last decade in the field of Raman scattering of graphene‐based systems, with an applied magnetic field. Electronic properties of graphene‐based systems with an applied magnetic field are first described. The phonon response in magnetic field, the magneto‐phono resonance, is then introduced and described for graphene monolayer and multilayer, as well as for bulk graphite. Electronic Raman scattering are then discussed in the context of Landau level spectroscopy, of electron–phonon interaction and of electron–electron interaction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extraction of unsaturated fatty acid‐rich oil from common carp (Cyprinus carpio) roe and production of defatted roe hydrolysates with functional, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties
Authors: Ghelichi Sakhi , Shabanpour Bahareh , Pourashouri Parastoo , Hajfathalian Mona , Jacobsen Charlotte
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND

Common carp roe is a rich protein and oil source, which is usually discarded with no specific use. The aims of this study were to extract oil from the discarded roe and examine functional, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of defatted roe hydrolysates (CDRHs) at various degrees of hydrolysis (DH).

RESULTS

Gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters revealed that common carp roe oil contained high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. The results of high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis of defatted roe yielded higher content of essential amino acids. CDRHs displayed higher solubility than untreated defatted roe, which increased with DH. Better emulsifying and foaming properties were observed at lower DH and non‐isoelectric points. Furthermore, water and oil binding capacity decreased with DH. CDRHs exhibited antioxidant activity both in vitro and in 5% roe oil‐in‐water emulsions and inhibited the growth of certain bacterial strains.

CONCLUSION

Common carp roe could be a promising source of unsaturated fatty acids and functional bioactive agents. Unsaturated fatty acid‐rich oil extracted from common carp roe can be delivered into food systems by roe oil‐in‐water emulsions fortified by functional, antioxidant, and antibacterial hydrolysates from the defatted roe. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of fat‐ and water‐soluble vitamins by supercritical fluid chromatography: A review
Authors: Tyśkiewicz Katarzyna , Dębczak Agnieszka , Gieysztor Roman , Szymczak Tomasz , Rój Edward
Published: August 2017

Vitamins are compounds that take part in all basic functions of an organism but also are subject of number of studies performed by different researchers. Two groups of vitamins are distinguished taking into consideration their solubility. Chromatography with supercritical CO2 has found application in the determination, separation, and quantitative analyses of both fat‐ and water‐soluble vitamins. The methods of vitamins separation have developed and improved throughout the years. Both groups of compounds were separated using supercritical fluid chromatography with different detection on different stationary phases. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of the studies of vitamins separation that have been determined so far.
Gas‐Phase Oxidation of Methyl‐10‐undecenoate in a Jet‐Stirred Reactor
Authors: Meng Xiangzan , Herbinet Olivier , Coniglio Lucie , Wang Tianyou , Battin‐Leclerc Frédérique
Published: August 2017

To better understand the chemistry of biodiesel surrogates, the gas‐phase oxidation of a C12 unsaturated methyl ester, methyl‐10‐undecenoate, has been studied in a jet‐stirred reactor in the temperature range 500–1100 K. These experiments were performed using neat fuel synthesized in the laboratory, with an initial fuel mole fraction set as 0.0021, at quasi‐atmospheric pressure (1.07 bar), at a residence time of 1.5 s with dilute mixtures in helium of equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0. The maximum obtained conversion was shown to be more than twice lower than that of methyl decanoate under the same conditions. This difference cannot be reproduced by the only published model for an unsaturated ester with a close number of carbon atoms (methyl‐9‐decenoate). A large range of products was quantified in addition to common oxidation products: saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, saturated and unsaturated methyl esters with a second carbonyl function, C2–C10 alkenes, C4–C10 dienes, C4–C10 unsaturated methyl esters, C8–C9 saturated methyl esters, and saturated, unsaturated, and hydroxyl methyl esters involving a cyclic ether. Pathways of formation for the products specific to unsaturated ester oxidation were proposed, and possible model improvements were discussed.
Distinct Interfacial Fluorescence in Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions via Exciton Migration of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Koo Byungjin , Swager Timothy M.
Published: August 2017

Commercial dyes are extensively utilized to stain specific phases for the visualization applications in emulsions and bioimaging. In general, dyes emit only one specific fluorescence signal and thus, in order to stain various phases and/or interfaces, one needs to incorporate multiple dyes and carefully consider their compatibility to avoid undesirable interactions with each other and with the components in the system. Herein, surfactant‐type, perylene‐endcapped fluorescent conjugated polymers that exhibit two different emissions are reported, which are cyan in water and red at oil–water interfaces. The interfacially distinct red emission results from enhanced exciton migration from the higher‐bandgap polymer backbone to the lower‐bandgap perylene endgroup. The confocal microscopy images exhibit the localized red emission exclusively from the circumference of oil droplets. This exciton migration and dual fluorescence of the polymers in different physical environments can provide a new concept of visualization methods in many amphiphilic colloidal systems and bioimaging.
Sequential chimeric medial femoral condyle and anterolateral thigh flow‐through flaps for one‐stage reconstructions of composite bone and soft tissue defects: Report of three cases
Authors: Henn Dominic , Abouarab Mohamed H. , Hirche Christoph , Hernekamp Jochen F. , Schmidt Volker J. , Kneser Ulrich , Kremer Thomas
Published: August 2017

Small recalcitrant non‐unions with poor perfusion require reconstruction with vascularized bone flaps. Cases with concomitant large soft tissue defects are especially challenging, since vascularized soft tissue transfer is often indicated and distant microvascular anastomoses may be required. We introduce a sequential chimeric free flap composed of a medial femoral condyle corticoperiosteal flap anastomosed to an anterolateral thigh flow‐through flap (MFC‐ALT flap) and report its use for reconstruction of small non‐unions with concomitant large soft tissue defects in three exemplary patients. Two female and one male patients ages 39–58 years suffered from composite bone and soft tissue defects of the lower extremity and clavicle caused by tumor resection and postoperative radiation resp. infected tibial pilon fracture. The sizes of the soft tissue defects ranged from 15–23 × 4.5–6 cm and the sizes of the bone defects ranged from 1.5–4 × 2–4 cm. Defect reconstructions were performed in all cases with sequential chimeric MFC‐ALT flaps with sizes ranging from 2–4 × 1.6–4 cm for the MFC and 21–23 × 7–8 cm for the ALT skin paddles. Functional reconstructions were achieved in all cases resulting in stable unions and soft tissue coverage enabling the patients to bear full weight without assistance on 5‐months follow‐up. Postoperative course was uneventful and complications were restricted to a small skin necrosis at the suture line in one case. MFC‐ALT flaps may be a safe, and effective procedure for one‐stage reconstructions of small, irregularly shaped bone defects with concomitant large soft tissue loss or surrounding instable scarring, particularly in cases of recalcitrant non‐unions after radiation exposure.
A novel 3D‐printed phantom insert for 4D PET/CT imaging and simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy
Authors: Cerviño Laura , Soultan Dima , Cornell Mariel , Yock Adam , Pettersson Niclas , Song William Y. , Aguilera Joseph , Advani Sunil , Murphy James , Hoh Carl , James Claude , Paravati Anthony , Coope Robin , Gill Bradford , Moiseenko Vitali
Published: August 2017

Purpose

To construct a 3D‐printed phantom insert designed to mimic the variable PET tracer uptake seen in lung tumor volumes and a matching dosimetric insert to be used in simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) phantom studies, and to evaluate the design through end‐to‐end tests.

Methods

A set of phantom inserts was designed and manufactured for a realistic representation of gated radiotherapy steps from 4D PET/CT scanning to dose delivery. A cylindrical phantom (φ80 × 120 mm) holds inserts for PET/CT scanning. The novel 3D printed insert dedicated to 4D PET/CT mimics high PET tracer uptake in the core and low uptake in the periphery. This insert is a variable density porous cylinder (φ44.5 × 70.0 mm), ABS‐P430 thermoplastic, 3D printed by fused deposition modeling an inner (φ11 × 42 mm) cylindrical void. The square pores (1.8 × 1.8 mm2 each) fill 50% of outer volume, resulting in a 2:1 PET tracer concentration ratio in the void volume with respect to porous volume. A matching cylindrical phantom insert is dedicated to validate gated radiotherapy. It contains eight peripheral holes and one central hole, matching the location of the porous part and the void part of the 3D printed insert, respectively. These holes accommodate adaptors for Farmer‐type ion chamber and cells vials. End‐to‐end tests were designed for imaging, planning, and dose measurements.

Results

End‐to‐end test were performed from 4D PET/CT scanning to transferring data to the planning system, target volume delineation, and dose measurements. 4D PET/CT scans were acquired of the phantom at different respiratory motion patterns and gating windows. A measured 2:1 18F‐FDG concentration ratio between inner void and outer porous volume matched the 3D printed design. Measured dose in the dosimetric insert agreed well with planned dose on the imaging insert, within 3% for the static phantom and within 5% for most breathing patterns.

Conclusions

The novel 3D printed phantom insert mimics variable PET tracer uptake typical of tumors. Obtained 4D PET/CT scans are suitable for segmentation and treatment planning and delivery in SIB gated treatments. Our experiments demonstrate the feasibility of this set of phantom inserts serving as end‐to‐end quality‐assurance phantoms of SIB radiotherapy.
Are nomograms based on free uroflows helpful to evaluate urethral obstruction in men?
Authors: Valentini Françoise A. , Rosier Peter F. W. M. , Nelson Pierre P.
Published: August 2017

Aims

It was demonstrated earlier that reduced maximum flow‐rate (Qmax) during intubated flow (IF) in women may be the consequence of a urethral reflex. Over‐estimation of outflow obstruction is the consequence. Our hypothesis, that a similar phenomenon could occur in men, is tested using results of a free uroflow (FF) preceding an IF to eventually correct the Abrams‐Griffiths (AG) number.

Methods

Retrospectively, analysis of 441 urodynamic studies of men suspected of bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) was performed. The Valentini‐Besson‐Nelson model links outflow obstruction (parameter pucp) and the detrusor contractility (parameter k) to Qmax and detrusor pressure at Qmax (pdet.Qmax). AG and pucp are strongly correlated. Contractility is described by a graphical representation (a nomogram) which numerical fitting is an algebraic equation f(Qmax,pdet.Qmax). Nomograms based on IF allowed computing a calculated AG (corr‐AG) on the basis of free flow.

Results

Included files (N = 362) had filling volume during FF > 90 mL; corr‐AG was compared to AG. When Qmax.FF > 1.5*Qmax.IF (N = 114), 61 patients (53.5%) were found less obstructed with corr‐AG, no one more obstructed. Increased BOO could be the result of a urethral reflex during IF and AG gave an overestimation. When Qmax.FF < 1.5*Qmax.IF (N = 248), only 39 patients (12.1%) were found less obstructed with corr‐AG and 28 (11.3%) more obstructed.

Conclusion

To obtain a reliable evaluation of BOO in men, it is suitable to perform a FF before IF. A corrected AG (corr‐AG) obtained from IF analysis and nomograms based on FF may be helpful for evaluation of BOO in men.