bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensino de língua inglesa e a Base Nacional Comum Curricular à luz de uma teoria crítica
Authors: Sousa Adriano de Alcântara Oliveira , Nascimento Juscelino Francisco do
Published: May 2023

Em um contexto instável nos âmbitos social e político, o governo do Brasil publicou a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), em 2018, com vistas a dar diretrizes normativas para a Educação Básica. No que tange ao ensino de Língua Inglesa, a BNCC contém trechos de reflexão crítica desenvolvidos em sua introdução, em seus cinco eixos organizadores, em suas competências específicas e nas habilidades particulares para cada ano. Estes excertos se apresentam como terreno fértil para apreciações anteriores à consolidação de um sistema curricular que respeite as especificidades de cada escola. Dessa maneira, o componente crítico da Base é analisado no sentido de desnaturalizar discursos de supremacia e de subalternidade (MENEZES DE SOUZA, 2011), a partir de teorias dos letramentos críticos (MONTE MÓR, 2017; 2018; MENEZES DE SOUZA, GUILHERME, 2019) em busca de interpretar como se dão as percepções da BNCC no processo de tomada de consciência crítica (FREIRE, 2001) para o ensino-aprendizagem de Língua Inglesa. Nesse contexto, essa pesquisa se apresenta como qualitativa, exploratória e de cunho interpretativista, já que configura uma leitura rumo à reflexão crítica da BNCC em uma perspectiva socialmente engajada, que vislumbra a educação como agente de transformação social. Percebeu-se um avanço em direção a noções críticas de sujeito e de língua, mas o documento ainda reflete percepções de globalização e de interações sociais que necessitam de reflexão para desmistificação de noções construídas historicamente por uma minoria social que ainda detém privilégios.
Botulism a Major Risk in Animals After Flood in Pakistan; A Review
Authors: Mubarik Ali  , Norina Jabeen
Published: May 2023

Flooding has affected and will likely continue to alter the occurrence, distribution, and prevalence of animal diseases, including botulism, according to a growing body of evidence. The pathogen Clostridium botulinum is thought to be one of several species that can produce the A–H-coded botulinum toxins. These toxins (BoNT) are thought to be the most harmful elements found in nature. The poison hits nerves that are firing more frequently, which causes the pattern of damage. The toxin specifically affects synapses and neuromuscular junctions by preventing the generation or release of acetylcholine there. The majority of animals who contract botulism die from it; it affects the breathing, chewing, and swallowing muscles as well as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, leading to flaccid paralysis and respiratory arrest. The neurotoxins types C and D produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum in an animal or plant substance, during decomposition, are the cause of the condition in cattle. Failure of the respiratory system causes death. The toxin that causes botulism, also known as botulinus poisoning, is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. There are few available treatment options for the neuroparalytic disease botulism, which impacts the livestock business globally and has been documented in a number of nations.
Supply Chain Logistics Using the Internet of Things and Corporate Social Responsibility for a Sustainable Environment
Authors: Bushra Ramzan  , Shahid Ali  , Muhammad Ishfaq  , Muhammad Qasim Javaid
Published: May 2023

In the digitalization era, costs can be minimized and operations get fast for a sustainable environment. To compete in this modern era and manage operations, the supply chain shifted to smart technology to meet the goals of CSR for a sustainable environment. IoT has a great influence on the close-loop logistics operations in firms. This paper investigates the benefits of IoT in closed-loop logistics operations’ effects on the goals of CSR for a sustainable environment and how the use of smart technology impacts the operations of CLSC to meet the goals of CSR for a sustainable environment. For data, we get the data of firms that are on close-loop logistics and firms that are using smart technology for their operations. regression for analysis in STATA. Results show that firms that are using smart technology for their operations are achieving more CSR goals for a sustainable environment. The Internet of Things will not instantly contribute to the accomplishment of CSR targets, despite the fact that it has a direct and positive influence on closed-loop supply chains (CLSC). The CSR goals are not directly relatowith the internet of things; nevertheless, the internet may be utilized as regulatory or assisting tools in order to achieve them. CLSC helps to change the sustainability measures in the environment. . Firms should shift to the closed loop supply chain to minimize the resources and better places for businesses to achieve CSR goals for a sustainable environment
A Comparative Study of Parliamentary & Presidential Systems of Government: Economic Implications for Pakistan
Authors: Aamir Khan  , Dr. Rao Imran Habib  , Dr. Naureen Akhtar
Published: May 2023

Political  stability  is  mandatory  for  economic  prosperity.  Pakistan continues to struggle on the path to attaining a genuine and stable democratic system. Absence of political stability has led to constant changes in forms of governments in Pakistan throughout its history. Whether a system of government is directly linked with the economic implications  is  undecided?  This  research  paper  aims  to  find  the answer  by  examining  how  a  system  of  government  impacts  the performance  of  an  economy  in  a  country.  The  primary  aim  of  this paper  was  to  analyze  the  economic  implications  for  Pakistan  via comparative  study  of  parliamentary  and  presidential  systems  of governments.  Pakistan  has  one  of  the  lowest  per  capita  income economies  and  trade-to-GDP  ratios  showing  at  just  30  per  cent according to a recent report published by Asian Development Bank. However, it is not all doom and gloom and the country has a lot of room  for  improvement.  Therefore,  this  paper  fills  this  gap  and examines which system of government can help the economic system to flourish more through a comparative study of parliamentary and presidential   form   of   government.   The   paper   provides   new perspectives  into  assessing  presidential  and  parliamentary  systems and  their  role  in  economic  development  of  Pakistan.  The  study proposes  how  economic  development  can  be  achieved  under  a democratic system.
Impact of Micro Loan on Women’s Livelihood: Evidence from Manmunai North Division, Batticaloa
Authors: SMM. Suhaib Razith  , MMF. Nihara
Published: May 2023

Microcredit  is  a  broad  term  that  includes  deposits,  credits  and payment  services  to  the  poor.  In  Batticaloa  district  the  number  of Micro Loan institutions have increased significantly especially in this last decade. This research is carried out with a main objective to find out  the  impact  of  micro  loan  on  women’s  livelihood  in  Manmunai North  division  of  Batticaloa  district.  In  this  study,  a  sample  of  150 women  from  Manmunai  North  division  who  have  been  engaged  in microfinance activities for at least 5 years. In this study, we considered Microcredit as an independent variable and Livelihood as a dependent variable.  There are four independent variables as repayment, lending, interest rate, time and four dependent variables as poverty, education, saving, family size which are used to examine the percentage analysis on the basic background of women’s livelihood. The study has covered primary data and analyzed the data by women’s descriptive statistics, correlation   and   regression   models.   Correlation   and  regression analysis  is  used  to  find  out  the  relationship  and  strength  between microcredit  and  women  livelihood.  According  to  the  results  of regression coefficient it presented the specification of four variables (lending,  repayment,  interest  rate,  time)  and  reveled  the  ability  to predict decision-making (R2=0.164). The respective R2 value is 0.164 denotes that 16% of the observed variability in women’s livelihood can be  explained  by  the  differences  in  all  independent  variables.  The finding of the research is both variables have a positive coefficient, which  means  microcredit  increases  with  the  increasing  level  of interest rate and repayment.
Relationship of the informal economy with unemployment and GDP per capita: A case of OECD and non-OECD economies
Authors: Muhammad Rehan Ashraf  , Sania Anwer  , Muhammad Fahad Saeed  , Sammar Iqbal
Published: May 2023

The   current   study   explored   the   relationship   of   the   informal economy  with  unemployment  and  GDP  per  capita  for  the  year 2019.The  OECD  and  non-OECD  countriesused  in  the  study  to explore this relationship, and the total number of countries is 80. The application OLS method found an increase in GDP per capita will reduce the size of the informal economy but the unemployment rate  found  a  positive  association  with  the  informal  economy. Current  research  also  concludes  the  size  of  the  informal  sector should reduce to promote economic activities in the formal sector.
An Analysis of Integration Management in Developing Project Performance-Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Muhammad Aqib Shafiq  , Saira  , Nosheen Khan  , Ali Danya
Published: May 2023

This study's objective was to determine the inspiration of management integration on project performance. Management Integration leads towards the success of the projects. Objective: To measure the importance of the management integration factors and investigated the relationship of the management integration dimensions on project performance. Methodology: Data were collected by a standardized survey questionnaire by employing the convenience sample method. Results: revealed that there is a positive relationship between company integration with customers whereas the is an insignificant relationship between the rest of the factors. Conclusion: Properly managing the integration factors increases the performance, success chance of the project performance.
n Exploration of Figures of Speech in Alamgir Hashmi’s Poem Singing on in the Old Culture; Or the Poem as a Foundling
Authors: Furqan Ahmed
Published: May 2023

The present research contemplates to analyze the stylistic qualities of a poem Singing on in the Old Culture; Or Poem as a Foundling written by Aurangzeb Alamgir Hashmi. The poem has many connotations which are analyzed via distinctive tools of analysis. This research article is an attempt to evaluate the poem with its focus on the figures of speech. All the literary devices lead to the elucidation of the theme. This scrutiny endeavors to help the readers in the better understanding of the theme, reflected in the poem. The findings of this research set straight to the conclusion that the poem has employed figures of speech such as alliteration, symbolism, rhetorical questions and metaphor along strong imagery to address his concerns about the condition of the people of Pakistan and India during the British Colonialism.
Comparative Formalistic Analysis of Daud Kamal and Emily Dickinson’s Selected Poems
Authors: Rabia Khaliq
Published: May 2023

From the perspective of formalist critics, form is important and content is secondary. Unlike the traditional criticism of literature, formalism focuses on form of a given text and endeavours to dissect meanings and theme. The current research work is focused on comparative formalist analysis of Daud Kamal’s poem Ode to Death and Emily Dickinson’s poem I heard a fly Buzz-when I died. These poems are taken for formalistic analysis because these are one of the best poems written by poets in terms of their style, diction and themes. Furthermore, this study investigates literary devices that are used in the selected poems. The study utilizes qualitative approach by using a textual analysis.
A Critique of Structural Binary Oppositions in Elif Shafak’s The Forty Rules of Love
Authors: Mah Roona  , Shahbaz Ali Khan
Published: May 2023

In this research researcher opt The Forty Rules of Love by Elf Shafak. This novel belongs to the genre of Sufiism. An in-depth of the novel allow researcher to find binaries out of this literary test. The researcher also seeks the meanings reflected out of these binary oppositions. In the net shell researcher explore the ideology of structuralism by Ferdinand de Saussure in the novel. The researcher by the work claim that binary oppositions are universal and they provide meaning to their structure. By the close reading of the test researcher conclude that Elf Shafak produce the binaries like east vs west, past vs present, rigidness of character vs flexibility in character and more decently love and spirituality vs materialism. By this entire analysis researcher meet the result that the novel provides to folds of life. It is what the Sufiism. Sufiism is not only associated with white cloth and beard on the face, it is concerned with the internal peace. As one show sophistication in his physical appearance similarly he must contain sophistication in his inner too. The binaries present in the construction of novel create the meaning that it is a best example Sufiism.
Impact on Human Resource Practices During Covid 19: A Review
Authors: Shailendra K Rai  , Rana Dr.Priyanka
Published: May 2023

Because of COVID-19, every business has got affected; Human resource  management  is  a  core  part  of  the  corporate  world. Proper  functioning  of  Human  resources  is  very  crucial  for optimum yield in any organization, especially during pandemics. Organizations have to adopt new practices after COVID distress about which many of them were not aware of. Therefore HRM practices of all sectors need to be modified and upgraded to meet the  need  of  the  hour.  HR  departments  must  be  ready  and conscious about what they are going to imply to cope up  with new  circumstances.  The  objective  of  the  study  is  to  gain theoretical possibilities and required changes in HRM practices i.e. in selection, training, promotion, and performance appraisal. After a review of various kinds of literature, it is found that HRM practices   dropped   down   drastically   during   the   ongoing pandemic. Training programs that were planned earlier to make employees skillful are revoked to safeguard employees. Because of the unavailability of optimum resources in many organizations digital   training   could   not  take   place   effectively   in   many organizations. During this global crisis, all the human resource departments should adopt e-HRM practices access and perform all HRM practices unbiased.
Impact of Social Vices and the Effects of Covid-19 in the Entrepreneurship Education in Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Habibu
Published: May 2023

The abstract research was concerned in the general summaries of the whole tasks. First, the background of the study which consists the effects of social vices in Nigeria and the causes such as death, hunger, poverty, inflations, unemployment, kidnapping, battles, insurgencies, famine etc. Then followed by the effect of covid19 which spread globally in the whole world. Such as locked down, economic recession, famine, death, thefts, insurgences, murders etc. The third social vices affecting entrepreneurship such as fuel hikes was too cost in Nigeria and it stopped everything and affected every sectors in the economy, the Ebola disease could killed immediately, the Lassa fever, the bird flu, monkey pose etc. insecurity such as disturbances, burglaries, kidnappers, thurggeries, secrete cults, Russian and Ukraine crises, fire outbreak in some states in America which burn everything, lack of welfare assistance, human trafficking, corruptions, workers strikes etc. I identifying the problems such as most of the problems was from us causes while others by God as test and punishments and examinations in other to correct our tasks and behaviours, it is set up and intentionally, governments hands interventions and other nations, business organizations, contracts, free masonic, it is faked, bullying, deceiving, wickedness, indiscipline, exploitation, cheatings, oppresses, dishonesty, distrust, looting money and taking it abroad, tribalism etc. Ways of combating such social vices like American Psychology Association (APA), Spreading facts, promote ethical journalism, breath, followed the rules and regulations and careful, Trauma Informed Care (TIC), Safety. Recommendations by using Islamic Constitutions, laws, trust, equality, free education, free health, free social services, honesty, discipline, respect, avoid selfishness, added the value of money in general, increasing salaries, good leadership, creation of more states, local government, open essential higher institution, support and background by federal government, interest, attention, administrations, ruled, cooperation, farming, vocational and technical occupations, self-reliance, NGOs, world banks, SMEs, ECOWAS, Npower, loans, fulfilled promised, all are the signing and symptoms of the last days etc.
Socio-cultural Analysis of Women’s Education Status and its Barriers in Pakistan
Authors: Zahid Hussain  , Dr. Muhammad Ishaq  , Muhammad Imran  , Ghulam Yaseen  , Muhammad Irfan
Published: May 2023

Education has a tremendous impact on a woman's capacity to build relationships with others based on shared interests and to experience the essential social benefit of self-esteem. Pakistan has one of the lowest schooling rates in South Asia, which limits its human resources and makes reforming the country more difficult. Patriarchal ideas heavily influence the societal structure in Pakistan. Education for young men is favored over education for young women. The Human Development Report lists Pakistan as having "low human advancement" The country's growth and prosperity depend on its educational system. Several international traditions have talked about the value of education. Each level of education that the average adult population of a country reaches boosts long-term economic growth by 3.7%. Research shows that mentoring young women often yields more substantial income and benefit gains. A woman's ability to find well[1]paying work and support a healthy family can be significantly increased by education. Education is also greatly impacted by a girl or woman's capacity to stand up for other rights and grow in society. Pakistan's recent political unrest has affected education. This has a significant impact on education, especially for women.
Benefits and Drawbacks of Learning English Online
Authors: Soe Thane
Published: May 2023

Learning English is not an easy feat. We used to travel long distances to learn English from the best English teachers when we were younger. We may now study English without leaving our homes by using the internet; all we need is reliable internet access. As we all know, there are several advantages to studying English online, yet there are drawbacks if we do so incorrectly. I utilized a quantitative research technique to identify the advantages and disadvantages of online English learning. First, I used Google Forms to determine the most pertinent 15 questions for participants, which took approximately three months, and I obtained 95 responses out of 100 surveys on the benefits and drawbacks of online English learning. By extensively investigating the replies, we can appropriately establish the weightiness of the pros and cons of studying English on the internet. Although technology and multimedia make it easier to study English, there are advantages and problems due to poor internet usage. According to research, there are a plethora of advantages we may reap if we apply the right implications of using internet resources to learn any language, not only English. Without a doubt, if we exploited the internet in the wrong way, there would be a slew of bad consequences for our society as a whole.
Investigating Waste Management Practice in Abua/Odual Local Government Area, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Stewart S. OWUKIO  , Michael U. Didia  , WALTERS Dibuo Namasi
Published: May 2023

Waste management is a major challenge for environmental groups working in poor countries. In this research, we examine the methods used for and problems encountered with waste management in Abua/Odual LGA, Rivers State, Nigeria. The administration of Abua/waste Odual has several challenges as a result of inadequate resources, including financing, infrastructure, treatment facilities, and equipment for garbage collection. Both primary and secondary sources were utilised to compile the data for this analysis. In all, 100 questionnaires were sent to collect primary data. People living in the randomly selected houses were the intended participants. From among the sixty localities in the research region, ten were randomly selected to receive questionnaires representing the residential population. Ninety[1]five completed surveys were gathered for evaluation. Study findings revealed an absence of proper waste management procedures and a dearth of trash disposal facilities in the region under investigation. The empirical results of this research suggest that the waste management techniques used in the examined region, such as the use of dustbins, buckets, plastics, bags, and other containers, may be used in modern Nigerian cities. In order to reduce trash production, the research suggested promoting waste recycling. Increasing plastics use, for instance, calls for more petroleum, which has both economic and environmental consequences.
Isolation Of n-Paraffin And C-Heavy Oil-Degrading Bacteria
Authors: Sorrosa Joy
Published: May 2023

The isolation and identification of n-paraffin and C-heavy oil-degrading bacteria from five Japanese coastal areas were conducted in 1995. Eight isolates of n-paraffin degrading bacteria were selected from a total of seventy-five which showed well growth in n-paraffin medium. Rate of degradation was analyzed by gas chromatography. Short-chain n-paraffin (CD13, C14 and C15) were degraded more effectively than the long chain n-paraffin (C16, C17 and C18. Isolates NIWI and N16 have the highest degrading capacity. Degradation rate of n-paraffin increased with an increase of temperature from 10 to 300C. Four stage developments with stearyl alcohol as internal reference were found to effectively separate the C-heavy oil components (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltene). Degrading capability of the eight selected isolates from 125 isolates of Cheavy oil-degrading bacteria was determined by TLC/FID. Isolate GR211 has the highest degradation activity. Two isolates of n-paraffin degrading bacteria were identified as Bacillus sp. (NJWI) and Micrococcus sp. (N16)- Vibrio sp. (GR211), Moraxella sp. (HI l) and Flavobacterium sp. (IS3) were identified as C-heavy oil-degrading bacteria.
Cost and Benefit Analysis of Different Integrated Pest Management Strategies for Mango Production
Authors: Sumile Edito
Published: May 2023

Eight integrated pest management strategies (including farmer's practice) against major pests of mango were evaluated and compared based on cost and return analysis from January to June 1996 at the Central Mindanao University Mango Orchard in Bukidnon. Based on protection provided against pests, yield, net income and return of investment (ROI) obtained, IPM 7 (spraying based on economic threshold level, ETL + bagging), IPM 4 (pruning one month before flower induction + spraying based on ETL + bagging), [PM 1 (pruning one month before flower induction + fungicide + spraying based on ETL + bagging) and IPM 6 (fungicide + spraying based on ETL+ bagging) are recommended since these IPM strategies gave similar marketable yields ranging from 59.3 to 66.9 kg net incomes ranging from P774.69 to P872.86 and ROT's ranging from 658.33% to 739.59%. Data were obtained from 100 sample panicles per tree. Without sanitary pruning and bagging of fruits, mango yield, net benefit and ROI considerably decreased even if recommended pesticides were applied. Calendar spraying with recommended fungicide and insecticide may provide better protection of mango flowers and fruits from fruit flies, leafhoppers and anthracnose but this strategy was more expensive resulting in very low to negative net returns.
Ecology And Some Notes on The Biology of Mantis Shrimp, Lysiosquilla maculata Fabricius in Guang-Guang, Mati, Davao Oriental and Its Adaptability to Brackish water
Authors: Sorrosa Joy , Eballe Ariel , AngSinco-Jimenez Lea
Published: May 2023

Relationships between population density and distribution of mantis shrimps were identified along with some notes in biology. Physico-chemical parameters like water depth, temperature, salinity, soil pH and substrate grain size as well as the flora and fauna were determined in the littoral zones of Guangguang, Mati, Davao Oriental. The adaptability and survival capacity of mantis shrimp to brackish water was also determined. Population density of mantis shrimp, Lysiosquilla maculata, as evidenced by the number of burrows, was positively influenced by salinity and soil pH but not grain size of the substrate. Results showed that this species could survive in brackish water with 75% survival at a salinity level of 12 ppt while water temperature and water depth had negligible effects. Mantis shrimp showed a contiguous or clumping distribution pattern that suggests habitat selection.
Productivity of the Seagrass Enhalus acoroides (L.f.) Royle in the Littoral Zone of Guang-Guang, Mati, Davao Oriental
Authors: Cereno Ann Cherry , Eballe Ariel , AngSinco-Jimenez Lea
Published: May 2023

The productivity, growth rate, population density and some physico-chemical parameters affecting Enhalus acoroides in the littoral zone of Guang-guang, Mati, Davao Oriental was conducted from November 1996 to January 1997. Productivity of E. acoroides was detennined using the stabbing technique. Estimated mean shoot density ranged from 16.15 to 28.9 shoot/m2. Growth rate ranged from 1.34 to 1.49 cm/d while shoot biomass ranged from 0.876 to 1.874 g/shoot. Standing crop of the species averaged at around 155,052.00 to 531,760.00 g/m. Results obtained from areal shoot biomass ranged from 84.465 to 192.416 g/m2. Production rate values averaged from 193.82 to 607 g/m2/y. Correlation tests between growth and different physicochemical parameters were also' obtained.
Hook crane shape design improvement for reducing the maximum stress
Authors:   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, DUMITRIU DAN , IONESCU MARIUS ,   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, RUGINA CRISTIAN ,   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest
Published: May 2023

The stress analysis of a hook crane submitted to some vertical static force is a simple FEM problem, approached here using SolidWorks Simulation software. Our purpose was to simulate different possibilities to slightly modify the shape of the hook crane, without adding too much material, in order to reduce the maximum stress induced in the hook. The shape design concerned here both the shape of the (transversal) cross-section and the shape of the hook longitudinal profile. The stress distribution is strongly depending on the shape of the hook crane, but it is almost independent on the hook material, since the bending mechanical stress, which is dominant in this combined bending and elongation case study, is not depending on the elastic modulus of the hook material. Obviously, the material choice is crucial from the point of view of the yield strength, usually hardened steels with increased yield strength are preferred. In what concerns the shape design improvement from the point of view of the cross-section (of equal area), our study confirmed that the trapezoidal section proposed generally in the literature corresponds to a reduced maximum induced stress. As a new result, a T-shape hook crane cross-section seems to prove better results that the trapezoidal section. To avoid stress concentrators, a combination between the trapezoidal and T-shape cross-sections has been also considered. The idea is to avoid as much as possible the discontinuity points on the outer contour of hook cross-section, since these discontinuity points are usually mechanical stress concentrators. A shape design improvement has been performed also in what concerns the longitudinal section/profile of the hook crane.
On the application to robotics of the Euler-Bernoulli beams with external patches
Authors:   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, STAN NICOLETA , IONESCU MARIUS ,   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, MUNTEANU LIGIA ,   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, MOSNEGUTU VALERICA ,   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, CHIROIU VETURIA ,   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest
Published: May 2023

The paper discusses the behavior of a Euler-Bernoulli beam with external patches made from GeSbTe chalcogenide material. The nonlocal theory is used to model the damping force as a weighted average of the velocity field over a suitable distance. The resonance is avoided through a careful choosing of the patch location and the eigenvalues. The atomic-level knowledge of the material gives the route for understanding their properties necessary to specific devices.
Ricci soliton equation with application to a coupled pendula
Authors:   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, IONESCU MARIUS , MUNTEANU LIGIA ,   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, CHIROIU VETURIA ,   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, MOSNEGUTU VALERICA ,   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, DUMITRIU DAN ,   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, GIRIP IULIAN ,   Institute of Solid Mechanics of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest
Published: May 2023

The Ricci equation and the soliton solutions are obtained in this paper for two coupled pendula in order to optimise its locomotion and structure. The robot is swinging repeatedly like a rope with successive movement steps along a mobile support. The cnoidal theory and a genetic algorithm are used to solve the problem via the Ricci solitons and the pseudospherical reduction of the rheological Zener equations. The Bäcklund transform is applied to Ricci equation to generate pseudo-spherical surfaces.
Beyond Amyloid: Investigating the Role of Tau Oligomers in Alzheimer's Disease Progression in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Sony Sanjaya  , Brenda Jaleel  , Cindy Susanti  , Yi-Fen Huang  , Husin Sastranagara  , Agnes Mariska
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment. While amyloid plaques have been a central focus of AD research, increasing evidence suggests that tau oligomers play a crucial role in disease progression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tau oligomers, cognitive function, and disease severity in AD patients in Medan, Indonesia.
Methods: An observasional case series study was conducted involving 50 AD patients diagnosed according to the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected and analyzed for tau oligomers using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale. Correlation analyses were performed to examine the relationship between tau oligomer levels, cognitive performance, and disease severity.
Results: The mean tau oligomer level in AD patients was 120.5 ± 35.2 pg/mL. A significant negative correlation was observed between tau oligomer levels and MMSE scores (r = -0.65, p < 0.001), indicating that higher tau oligomer levels were associated with poorer cognitive performance. Furthermore, tau oligomer levels were positively correlated with CDR scores (r = 0.58, p < 0.001), suggesting a link between tau oligomers and disease severity.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the involvement of tau oligomers in AD progression in the Indonesian population. Elevated CSF tau oligomer levels are associated with cognitive decline and disease severity in AD patients. These findings highlight the potential of tau oligomers as a therapeutic target and emphasize the need for further research to develop effective interventions.
Proteomic Analysis of Saliva in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Identifying Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Indonesia
Authors: Rachmat Hidayat  , Johan Wirahadi Putro  , Arsan Saliha
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a significant health problem in Indonesia, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Early detection is critical for improving patient outcomes. Saliva, a readily accessible biofluid, holds promise as a non-invasive source for identifying biomarkers for OSCC diagnosis and prognosis. This study aimed to identify salivary proteomic biomarkers associated with OSCC in an Indonesian population.
Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 50 OSCC patients and 50 healthy controls. Proteomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Differentially expressed proteins were identified and validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Bioinformatic analysis was conducted to explore the functional roles and pathways associated with identified biomarkers.
Results: LC-MS/MS analysis revealed 100 differentially expressed proteins in the saliva of OSCC patients compared to controls. After validation by ELISA, five proteins consistently showed significant differences: Increased levels of S100A7, MUC5B, and IL-6, and decreased levels of Statherin and Histatin 1 were observed in OSCC patients.
Conclusion: This study identified a panel of salivary protein biomarkers with potential for OSCC diagnosis and prognosis in the Indonesian population. Further validation in larger cohorts is needed to assess their clinical utility and develop potential screening tools.
Financial investigations in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Buha Milijana
Published: May 2023

The financial investigation is conducted according to an urgent procedure and can be ended by submitting a request for the permanent confiscation of property. The paper discusses about the issue of ending the financial investigation and submitting a request to initiate the special procedure for confiscation of property. The importance of the financial investigation is reflected in the possibility of confiscation of property resulting from the commission of a criminal offense even if the criminal proceedings have not been completed. The court, ex officio, confiscates property acquired through criminal activity. For the successful completion of the financial investigation, it is necessary to prescribe a penalty for the responsible persons who refuse to provide information about income and property which is suspected to have been obtained through criminal act. The decision to suspend the financial investigation is not subject to judicial control. Interested parties, such as the injured party and the attorney's office in the procedure of confiscation of property have not the right to appeal on the decisions take in the property confiscation procedure and the right to object to a negative decision on the financial investigation.
Acute toxicity threshold of normobaric oxygen therapy: Systematic review
Authors: Janković Slobodan , Mehović Semir , Begić Edin , Omerović Naida , Antanasković Ana , Vojinović Radiša , Jovanović Milica
Published: May 2023

Although there is clear dose-dependence of pulmonary toxicity caused by inhalation of normobaric oxygen in animal studies, the threshold of toxicity in humans remains largely unknown. The aim of this systematic review of published clinical studies was to establish threshold in terms of total oxygen dose administered under normal pressure by inhalation that causes first clinical signs of toxicity. MEDLINE, EBSCO, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central), SCIndeks, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from their foundation to April 2022. The systematic review was performed according to the pre-registered protocol at PROSPERO. The studies were included if describing toxic effects of normobaric oxygen therapy in humans. In total 11 human studies of poor quality were found, with either experimental or observational design. In none of the analyzed studies did oxygen therapy cause toxic effects on the respiratory tract if the concentration of oxygen in the inhaled air was below 50%, regardless of the rate of administration. The toxic consequences of inhaling oxygen at a concentration of more than 50% occurred only after oxygen was administered for more than 6 hours, at a rate of more than 7 L/min, and were mainly reflected in inflammation of the tracheobronchial mucosa, with epithelial erosions. Normobaric oxygen therapy can have toxic effects in humans if the oxygen concentration in the inhaled air is higher than 50%, if the administration rate is above 7 L/min, and if the application lasts at least 6 hours.
Cardiomyopathies
Authors: Džubur Alen , Begić Edin , Durak-Nalbantić Azra , Aziri Buena
Published: May 2023

Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle, and present a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases with mechanical or electrical dysfunction, characterized by ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation. They can be strictly related to the heart muscle (primary), or as part of a systemic disease (secondary), and represent a factor that leads to a reduced quality of life, the occurrence of heart failure and mortality. The primary ones are those that are genetic conditioning, the mixed ones include dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathy, and the acquired ones are caused by myocarditis, stress-induced, peripartum, tachycardia-induced and those caused by endocrine pathology (primarily in newborns of mothers with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus). Etiologically, they can arise as a result of a genetic mutation, an inflammatory process, and they are also divided into metabolic, toxic and those caused by some other cause. The aim of the article was to present the characteristics of cardiomyopathies themselves in relation to the etiological factor, with review of the diagnostic and therapeutic modality.
Inflammatory bowel disease and diet: Is there a place for probiotics?
Authors: Nikolova Dafina
Published: May 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract of unclear etiology. Based on the clinical, radiologic, endoscopic and histological features, there are two major forms of IBD: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The medical treatment of IBD patients has changed drastically in the last decade with the introduction of new targeted biologic therapies that complement the standard conventional therapy. Despite the positive response to biological therapy, there are still shortcomings in this type of treatment. Nutrition has a vital role in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. To improve nutrition problems and the quality of a patient's life, qualitative and quantitative dietary changes are needed. Clinical studies on probiotics in different clinical diseases have shown different results. Still, it is evident that probiotics have displayed efficacy in preventing and treating various medical conditions, particularly those involving the gastrointestinal tract.
The role of the connection between intestinal microbiota and brain in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Nikolovska-Trpčevska Emilija
Published: May 2023

The relation between the intestinal microbiota and the brain is an important field of research in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). This group of diseases includes more than 40% of the population and is one of the most common reasons for the need of consulting a gastroenterologist. The interaction between the gut microbiota and the brain is a new terminology for defining functional gastrointestinal disorders, based on certain diagnostic criteria. The ROMA IV classification of diagnostic criteria divides functional gastrointestinal diseases into five anatomical regions including the esophagus, gastroduodenal tract, intestine, biliary tract, and anorectal region. Symptoms are usually based on gastrointestinal dysfunction such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), functional dysphagia, functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional constipation, diarrhea, and fecal incontinence. In this study, we observe at the mechanisms of interaction between gut microbes and brain function. Enteric microbiota (nonpathological microorganisms) has numerous synergistic actions with the human body. The microbiota can change and is different in each individual, as each individual has their own specific microbiome. From digesting food to protecting against pathogens, the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in maintaining immunity and homeostasis. Recently, studies have shown that one of the main impeler of the interaction between the gut and the brain is precisely the microbiome, and so the new term was created "axis of intestinal microbiota-brain". In the future, the general approach to the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders tends to be personalized, not only based on symptoms, but also on the underlying pathophysiology and psychology. Various mechanisms, including metabolic pathways, immune system, neural pathways, are involved in the relationship between the gut microbiota axis and the brain. We also discuss some future challenges in modifying the intestinal microbiota with probiotics, prebiotics and nutrition, precisely through this new relationship. Awareness of the relationship between intestinal bacteria and their hosts is crucial in the development of modern therapeutic strategies based on good microorganisms (pre/probiotics) for functional gastrointestinal disorders.
The importance of vitamin d in the thyroid autoimmune diseases
Authors: Jovanović Milan
Published: May 2023

Besides a significant role in homeostasis of calcium and bone growth, in the past few decades, it has been shown that vitamin D has an important role in autoimmune diseases, such as thyroid autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease. Low vitamin D levels are related to the greater risk of the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, the higher titer of thyroid antibodies, and also influence its treatment, with beneficial effects of introducing supplementation of vitamin D. The awareness of the importance of vitamin D levels in thyroid diseases can modify the strategy in the treatment of these patients.
Correlation between the number of breast duct cells expressing androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors and the size of the changed tissue in patients with gynecomastia
Authors: Mladenović Danilo , Nikolić Ana , Dunđerović Duško
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Gynecomastia is an abnormal growth of the male breast due to excessive proliferation of ductal epithelial cells. It usually occurs during puberty, so the influence of hormones on the stimulation of ductal cells is indicative. Androgen, estrogen and progesterone are steroid hormones that exert their influence by binding to intracellular receptors and thus activating transcriptional mechanisms, i.e. act as trophic factors. Material and methods: A retrospective study for the period 01.01.2021-31.12.2021 was performed and 6 patients were found, of which in two cases left and right breast gynecomastia surgeries were performed. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained slides and corresponding paraffin blocks were taken from the archive, and a tissue microarray was constructed, with 4 tissue cylinders for each tissue sample. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors. The obtained slides were scanned on a Leica Biosystems Aperio AT2 slide scanner, and image analysis was performed in the Aperio Image Scope program. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by the EZR R Commander program. Results: Of the 8 samples, none showed significant androgen receptor expression. Statistical analysis of the number of cells expressing estrogen receptors (p s = 0.03676; rho = 0.7619048) progesterone (p s = 0.002439; rho = 0.8982197) and the volume of tissue removed showed a statistically significant positive correlation. Conclusion: The obtained results confirm the hypothesis that the volume of removed breast tissue in patients with gynecomastia correlates with the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, but further research on a larger sample is necessary for more reliable conclusions.
The association of common glutathione S-transferases polymorphisms with inflammatory and multiorgan impairment biomarkers in COVID-19
Authors: Krunić Ana , Jerotić Đurđa , Matić Marija
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Due to the established role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, it has been proposed that inter-individual differences in patients' clinical manifestations might be affected by variations in genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in cytosolic GSTs (GSTA1 rs3957357, GSTM3 rs1332018 and GSTP1 rs1695) with inflammatory parameters (leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, ferritin) and multiorgan impairment biomarkers (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDH) in COVID-19 patients at two-time points. Material and methods: GSTM3, GSTA1 and GSTP1 genotypes were determined in 150 COVID-19 patients by appropriate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Results: Inflammatory biomarkers (leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes) increased 7 days upon admission to the hospital (p < 0.001), while CRP and fibrinogen decreased (p < 0.001). Out of five analyzed multiorgan impairment biomarkers, only urea increased significantly 7 days upon admission (p < 0.007), while AST showed a statistically significant drop (p < 0.001). COVID-19 patients homozygous for variant GSTM3*C/C genotype had increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP, fibrinogen and ferritin, but the borderline significance was observed only for fibrinogen (p = 0.057). COVID-19 patients homozygous for variant GSTM3*C allele had the highest levels of ALT (p = 0.021) and LDH (p = 0.045) upon admission. Conclusion: Our results on the association between GSTM3 variant genotype with parameters of systemic inflammation and liver damage in COVID-19 patients can contribute to further understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning this disease, as well as early recognition of COVID-19 patients prone to worse course of the disease.
Evaluation of beta cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in clinical practice
Authors: Stojanović Jelena , Beljić-Živković Teodora
Published: May 2023

Dysfunctions underlining type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) evolution are insulin resistance and beta-cell secretory insufficiency. Practical but reliable beta-cell function (BCF) testing is still elusive. Methods of BCF measurement include the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), glucagon stimulation test (GST), oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT), meal tolerance tests (MTT) and the hyperglycemic clamp procedure. Oral tests have the advantage of simpler use and superior approximation of real-life stimulation inclusive for incretin activation effects. The advantage of the test meal over the OGTT incudes a more adequate simulation of nutrients effect on incretin secretion. Therefore, a standardized test meal (STO) would best reflect the spike in insulin secretion after a meal in real life. Conclusion: Standardized test meal, as potent stimulus of C-peptide secretion, is a promising simple and naturalistic alternative to in vivo assess beta-cell function in an affordable outpatient setting, through analysis of C-peptide response in newly diagnosed diabetic patients, as potent stimulus of C-peptide secretion.