bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principles and criteria for the development of rational structural design of non-type geometry beam pavements
Authors: Golikov Alexander V. , Garanzha Igor M. , Ternovoy Vladislav A. , Pisareva Milena M.
Published: November 2024

Girder systems, despite their simplicity, are the most common types of structural systems. The design starts with the layout, as a result of which the layout of the ledgers (main and ordinary), the type of coupling (hinged or rigid) and the main criterion for assigning the pitch of ordinary ledgers are selected. Design justification of the assigned layout structural scheme and selection of the most rational solution allows to reduce costs at the stages of the life cycle of the building such as construction, operation, reconstruction or modernization. The accumulated and analyzed volume of the types of applied operational structural solutions of civil building coverings, multiple data on the nature of the development and realization of damage in structures of this type, allows us to formulate the purpose of the study, which consists in the computational justification of the proposed principles and criteria for the development of rational structural scheme of beam coverings. In order to realize this goal, numerical studies have been carried out, considering the variation of the most significant parameters, the change of which affects the result of the search for rational structural schemes of beam covers. According to the results of systematization of the data of the performed work, the algorithm of creation of rational structural solution of beam coverings of non-type geometry is proposed. The algorithm is tested in finding a rational solution of the roofing of an operating building of non-typical shape with plan dimensions 60.0 × 36.0 m.
A History of the Ndrukpa (Lendu): The Invisible Ethnic Minority Community in Uganda
Authors: Alidri Agatha , Mafumbo Charlotte Karungi , Opio Peter John
Published: November 2024

This paper documents the history of the Ndrukpa (Lendu) people; an invisible ethnic minority community in the West Nile region of Uganda. Ndrukpa is an indigenous ethnic community and the first inhabitants of the West Nile and parts of the Acholi subregion. The Ndrukpa – often known as the Lendu - belong to the Sudanic ethnic groups of Uganda and are one of the country's marginalised groups. Ndrukpa population in Uganda is approximately 18,000, and the global population stands at 1,411,000 people, with the majority living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The central thesis of this paper is that contemporary social exclusion of ethnic minority communities such as the Ndrukpa is a historical manipulation and a colonial legacy often tracing their roots to the colonial divide and rule structure. These structures continue to be evoked and used by contemporary ethnic and political stakeholders to their advantage. Social exclusion is often aggravated as in the case of the Ndrukpa people, when their history remains undocumented. Documenting the history of a socially excluded ethnic minority community can be used as a tool and strategy to end social exclusion
SOME PROPERTIES OF HORADAM VECTORS
Authors: Bingöl R. , Gökba H.
Published: November 2024

In this study, Horadam vectors are defined for the first time by using the Horadam Binet-like formula and reduction relation. Then, geometric properties of Horadam vectors such as inner product, norm, and vector products are obtained. Additionally, the angles between the various vectors examined will be analyzed within the constraints of a two-dimensional.
Историческая наука конца XVII — начала XVIII века о князе Александре Невском: А. И. Лызлов и Г. Ф. Миллер
Authors: В.В. Долгов
Published: November 2024

В статье рассматриваются исторические труды, которые положили начало новому, научному методу изучения прошлого России. На примере работ первых русских историков А. И. Лызлова и Г. Ф. Миллера показано, как с опорой на предшествующую историческую традицию происходило формирование основ современного «научного нарратива», связанного с жизнью и деятельностью одного из важнейших персонажей древнерусской книжности — князя Александра Невского. Лызлов и Миллер представляют два основных социально-культурных типа историков конца XVII — начала XVIIIвека. Лызлов — свободный интеллектуал, чье увлечение историей было способом самовыражения и реализации личного интереса. Миллер — профессионал в узком смысле слова, занятия которого прямо обусловлены его служебными обязанностями как академического ученого. Однако при всей разнице подходов оба исследователя демонстрировали известную близость интеллектуального инструментария и в равной степени могут считаться авторами методологической базы для дальнейшего развития отечественной исторической науки.

The article deals with the historical works that laid the foundation for a new, scientific method of studying Russia’s past. The example of the works of the first Russian historians A. I. Lyzlov and G. F. Miller shows the foundations of the modern “scholarly narrative” related to the life and activities of one of the most important characters of Old Russian literature — Prince Alexander Nevsky — were formed on the basis of the previous historical tradition. Lyzlov and Miller represent the two main socio-cultural types of historians of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Lyzlov was a free intellectual whose fascination with history was a way of self-expression and realization of personal interest. Miller is a professional in the narrow sense of the word, whose pursuits are explicitly conditioned by his official duties as an academic scholar. However, for all the differences in approaches, both researchers employed similar intellectual tools and can equally be considered the authors of the methodological basis for further development of Russian historical science.
Катойконимия Донбасса в словаре и медиатекстах
Authors: И.А. Герасименко
Published: November 2024

Актуальность данной статьи обусловлена тем, что описание регионального своеобразия языка отра-жает особенности истории и культуры изучаемого края. Необходимость фиксации и сохранения линг-вокраеведческих фактов способствует расширению представлений о русском языке как о лингво-культурно-историческом феномене. Цель статьи — описание состава и способов номинации лиц Донецкого края по месту их жительства или рождения. Для данного анализа были привлечены лексикографические данные (в числе которых словарь-справочник Е. А. Левашова) и материалы со-временных региональных медиатекстов. Объектом исследования выступили катойконимы Донбасса, предметом — их состав и способы номинации. В статье дано толкование термина «катойконим», ко-торый понимается как название жителей по названию места жительства и выступает оттопонимиче-ским дериватом с обобщенным значением ‘названия лиц по месту жительства’. Было указано, что ка-тойконимия (катойконимикон) — это совокупность всех локальных катойконимов, функционирующих на определенной территории, а катойконимика — наука о названиях жителей этой территории. Анализ материала позволил прийти к заключению, что катойконимы Донецкого края являются дериватами в словообразовательных гнездах ойконимов, в формировании которых в течение длительного времени участвовали многие народы, говорившие на разных языках. Также анализ материала способствовал установлению наиболее и наименее распространенных словообразовательных типов среди рассмат-риваемых катойконимов.

The relevance of this article is due to the fact that the description of the regional uniqueness of the language reflects the specific history and culture of this region. The necessity of fixing and preserving culture-oriented facts contributes to the expansion of ideas about the Russian language as a linguistic, cultural and historical phenomenon. The aim of the article is to describe the composition and ways of identifying inhabitants of the Donetsk Region by their place of residence or birth. The paper includes an analysis of lexicographic data (including the reference dictionary compiled by E. A. Levashov) and materials of modern regional media. The object of the study is the demonyms of Donbas, and the subject is their composition and ways of naming the residents. The article defines the term demonym as the name of residents formed by the name of their place of residence and acts as an toponymic derivative with the generalized meaning of names of persons by place of residence. It states that demonymy (demonymikon) is a set of all local demonyms functioning in a certain territory, and demonymy is the study of names of the inhabitants of this territory. The analysis of the material brought us to the conclusion that the demonyms of the Donetsk Region are derivatives in word-forming nests of oikonyms, developed by many ethnic groups speaking different languages participated over a long time. The analysis of the material also contributed to the establishment of the most common and rarer word-forming types of the demonyms.
Методика, промежуточные результаты и перспективы полустационарных наблюдений на эрозионных берегах реки Оки в Рязанском расширении ее поймы
Authors: А.С. Кадыров , А.Ю. Воробьев
Published: November 2024

Рассматриваются промежуточные результаты и потенциальные возможности получения новой геолого-геоморфологической информации при заложении учетных площадок на наиболее динамичных объектах днища долины реки Оки — эрозионных берегах ее излучин. Представлена методика тематических исследований, проводившихся разными методами в пределах Рязанского расширения окской поймы (743–660 км от устья реки) в 2013–2023 годах. Раскрыты причинно-следственные связи береговой морфолитодинамики и ее пространственной приуроченности с геологическими, гидрологическими и топологическими факторами рельефообразования. На примере полустационара «Дядьково» показано соотношение одно-, двух- и трехмерной составляющей эрозии. Также обсуждаются возможности расширения методологии подобных исследований с привлечением новых и традиционных подходов из смежных с геоморфологией географических дисциплин.

The article considers intermediate research results and opportunities for obtaining new geological and geomorphological data when establishing survey sites on the most dynamic objects of the Oka River valley bottom — the erosional banks of the river bends. The article presents a methodology of thematic studies using various methods applied to the Ryazan extension of the Oka floodplain (which is 743–660 km from the river mouth) over the past decade (2013–2023). It accounts for the cause-and-effect relationships of coastal morpholithodynamics and the spatial relation with the geological, hydrological and topological factors of relief formation. Using data from the Dyadkovo semi-stationary observation site, the research reveals the relationship between one-, two- and three-dimensional erosive components. It also discusses the possibilities of expanding this methodology, involving novel and traditional approaches from geographical disciplines related to geomorphology.
THE EFFECT OF MOBILE PHONE USE ON MATHEMATICS PERFORMANCE IN ONLINE LEARNING AT ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Yuningsih Windi , Nahak Roswita Lioba , Mbuik Heryon Bernard
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of mobile phone use in online learning on mathematics performance among fifth-grade students at SD Inpres Sikumana II, Kupang. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 60 students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group used mobile phones intensively for accessing additional learning materials, video tutorials, and practice exercises, while the control group engaged in online learning with minimal mobile phone use. The results indicated a significant improvement in mathematics performance for the experimental group, with a mean post-test score of 75.6 compared to 65.3 for the control group. An independent t-test analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups (t(58) = 4.89, p < 0.05), with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.85). These findings suggest that mobile phones can be an effective tool for enhancing mathematics learning in an online environment, provided their use is properly managed and guided. However, the potential for distraction remains a concern, highlighting the need for teacher supervision to ensure mobile phones are used effectively for educational purposes. The study contributes to the existing literature on mobile learning and offers practical insights for educators and policymakers on integrating mobile technology into online learning strategies.
THE IMPACT OF HAMTARO BASKET MEDIA ON STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
Authors: Djemiu Raho Marianus , Naitili Amanda Cornelia , Bulu Vera Rosalina
Published: November 2024

This study examines the Effectiveness of Hamtaro Basket Media as an Educational Media to Enhance Second Grade Student Learning in Arithmetic Operation at SDI Bertingkat Oepura 4, Kupang The study is defined as quasi-experimental design, in which, the population was a total 27 students into Experimental group consisting of (13) and Control group consisting of (14). The control group received traditional instruction: no handout, just a textbook and the teacher´s explanation, whereas the experimental group was taught with an interactive learning material (Hamtaro Basket Media). We analyzed data collected using pre- and post-tests, final examinations, and the independent samples T-test was used to find differences in learning outcomes of each group. The results demonstrated an increased of post-test scores was found in members of the experimental group, compared to control group to significant meaning that it is effective to use Hamtaro Basket Media for Improve Conceptual Understanding Students on Arithmetic concepts. Furthermore, students in the experimental group paid more attention and they worked harder during learning so studying process was more interesting for them participating in a two-way communication. In conclusion, these two studies imply that integrating interactive media such as Hamtaro Basket into mathematics instruction would improve student learning outcomes and engagement to a good extent.
ANALYSIS OF THE NEED FOR INTERNET OF THINGS CURRICULUM IN VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOLS
Authors: Bisik Daniela , Takuneno Khatrin J.
Published: November 2024

Internet of Things (IoT) education at the vocational school level can be well-integrated with other industries in order to enable students who are trained here to develop expertise and meet future demand in various industries. The study was conducted by analyzing the needs and constraints faced by SMK Negeri 1 Kupang in applying a smart education in learning IoT technology on the program of Technology and Network Engineering (TJKT). The present study followed a qualitative research approach and data were collected through interviews from teachers and students, school infrastructure assessment. The findings reveal significant curriculum gaps, inadequate resources and the unpreparedness of teachers to deliver IoT education. However, students expressed high levels of motivation to engage with IoT topics. The study concludes that, successful IoT education requires updating curriculum, developing specialized teachers, and enhancing infrastructure of vocational schools. By leveraging affordable IoT tools and fostering industry partnerships, schools can provide students with the practical skills needed to thrive in IoT-enabled industries.
Processo de Desmielinização no Lobo Frontal: Possíveis Similaridades com o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade
Authors: Rodrigues Wanessa de Moura Araújo , Rodrigues Michele Aparecida Cerqueira
Published: November 2024

Introdução: Este estudo visa analisar o desenvolvimento inadequado da bainha de mielina, especialmente no lobo frontal, para avaliar seu impacto no desenvolvimento cognitivo e comportamental. Objetivo: A pesquisa fundamenta-se na relação entre desmielinização e sintomas do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH). Método: com base em obras de Lent (2010) e Purves et al. (2010). Destaca-se a importância da bainha de mielina na função cerebral, isolamento neural, mediação de neurotransmissores, formação dendrítica e eficiência na comunicação neural. O estudo utiliza metodologia de pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa para enfocar a desmielinização no cérebro e suas implicações comportamentais. Resultados: Identificou-se alterações na bainha de mielina no lobo frontal, correlacionando-as com sintomas do TDAH. Conclusões: Conclui-se que alterações na mielinização podem estar associadas aos sintomas do Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção/Hiperatividade (TDAH) e recomendando mais pesquisas longitudinais e experimentais para esclarecer essa relação.
Nanoparticle-Assisted Cancer Imaging and Targeted Drug Delivery for Early-Stage Tumor Detection and Combined Diagnosis-Therapy Systems for Improved Cancer Management
Authors: Oche Idoko David , Adeniyi Michael , Nasiri Senejani Mahdi , Okechukwu Felix Erondu , Adeyeye Yewande
Published: November 2024

Nanoparticle-assisted imaging and targeted drug delivery represent a transformative approach in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, particularly for early-stage tumor detection and integrated diagnosis- therapy systems. This review explores recent advancements in nanoparticle technology for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), optical imaging, and ultrasound, emphasizing the efficacy of nanoparticles such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), gold and bismuth nanoparticles, and quantum dots as contrast agents. Nanoparticles offer unique advantages, including enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, ligand-receptor targeting, and microenvironment-responsive drug release, which improve localization and accumulation in tumor tissues. Additionally, dual-function theranostic systems utilizing nanoparticles enable simultaneous diagnostic imaging and therapy, allowing real-time monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and minimizing off-target effects. The integration of nanoparticles for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes holds significant promise for precision oncology, providing a more personalized, minimally invasive, and effective cancer management strategy. This review also discusses current limitations, including issues of biocompatibility, toxicity, and regulatory challenges, while proposing future directions to overcome these barriers. By presenting a comprehensive analysis of nanoparticle platforms in oncology, this paper aims to underscore their potential in revolutionizing cancer diagnosis and therapy, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes and advancing the field of nanomedicine.
ŉ Historiese oorsig van kontinue taalontwikkeling in Afrikaans sedert 1916 in Huisgenoot: Addendum
Authors: Van Niekerk Angelique
Published: November 2024

Addendum van gekategoriseerde data (Vir meer besonderhede, kontak Angelique Van Niekerk @ vnieka@ufs.ac.za)
Strategi Penginjilan Kontekstual Rasul Paulus Berdasarkan 1 Korintus 9:19-27
Authors: Pasa Iskandar Dinata , Andi Yusuf Etni Grace
Published: November 2024

In the era of disruption, contextual evangelism is always needed as a model of approach for preaching the gospel. This article aims to study the Apostle Paul's contextual evangelism strategy in Corinth based on 1 Corinthians 9:19-27. Contextual can be interpreted as a persuasive approach in preaching the gospel that can be accepted according to the local context. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the author analyzes how the Apostle Paul's contextual service strategy in the city of Corinth is based on 1 Corinthians 9:19-27. The author collects various information using a literature approach and applies the principle of hermeneutics through an exegetical approach to the keywords contained in the text. Based on the analysis carried out, it is concluded that the Apostle Paul used several strategies in carrying out contextual evangelism in the city of Corinth. The strategies used are: interactive dialogue, evangelism by identifying culture, and lifestyle evangelism.Dalam era disrupsi, penginjilan kontekstual senantiasa diperlukan sebagai model pendekatan bagi pemberitaan Injil. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari strategi penginjilan kontekstual Rasul Paulus di Korintus berdasarkan 1 Korintus 9:19-27.  Kontekstual dapat diartikan pendekatan secara persuasif dalam pemberitaan Injil  yang dapat diterima sesuai konteks setempat.  Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, penulis menganalisa bagaimana strategi pelayanan kontekstual Rasul Paulus di kota Korintus berdasarkan 1 Korintus 9:19-27.   Penulis mengumpulkan berbagai informasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan literatur dan menerapkan prinsip hermeneutika melalui pendekatan eksegesa terhadap kata-kata kunci yang terdapat dalam teks.  Berdasarkan analisa yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Rasul Paulus menggunakan beberapa strategi dalam melaksanakan penginjilan kontekstual di Kota Korintus.  Strategi yang digunakan adalah: dialog interaktif, penginjilan dengan melakukan indentifikasi budaya, dan penginjilan gaya hidup.
Metode Pemberitaan Injil Rasul Paulus Di Atena Berdasarkan Kisah Para Rasul 17:16-32 Dan Implementasinya Pada Masa Kini
Authors: Sari Intan Betesda , Sumiwi Asih Rachmani Endang
Published: November 2024

Every believer must be a witness as confirmed in Acts 1:8 and of course must be accompanied by the leadership of the Holy Spirit. The Apostle Paul always preached the gospel at every opportunity he had, he realized that his life must be a witness to God. Athens was one of the cities visited by the Apostle Paul and Paul was sad when he saw that this city believed in idolatry. The strategy used by the Apostle Paul in preaching the Gospel in Athens can be seen in the book of Acts 17:16-34. This research uses a descriptive-analytic method, with an exegetical approach to the text of Acts 17:16-34, which focuses on "the method of preaching the gospel used by the Apostle Paul in the text of Acts 17:16-34. The main objective of this research is to examine and present the methods used by the Apostle Paul in his ministry in Athens, then be able to use them in the midst of contemporary community ministry to achieve the full realization of the Great Commission.Setiap orang percaya harus menjadi saksi seperti yang sudah ditegaskan dalam Kisah Para Rasul 1:8 dan tentunya harus disertai dengan pimpinan Roh Kudus. Rasul Paulus selalu memberitakan Injil di setiap kesempatan yang ada, ia menyadari bahwa hidupnya harus menjadi saksi Allah. Atena menjadi salah satu kota yang dikunjungi oleh Rasul Paulus dan Paulus sedih ketika melihat kota ini percaya akan penyembahan berhala. Strategi yang digunakan oleh Rasul Paulus dalam memberitakan Injil di Atena dapat dilihat dalam kitab Kisah Para Rasul 17:16-34. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitik, dengan pendekatan eksegesis pada teks Kisah Para Rasul 17:16-34, yang berfokus pada “metode pemberitaan Injil yang dilakukan oleh Rasul Paulus dalam teks Kisah Para Rasul 17:16-34. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dan menyajikan metode yang digunakan Rasul Paulus dalam pelayanannya di Atena, kemudian dapat menggunakannya di tengah pelayanan masyarakat masa kini untuk mencapai realisasi penuh Amanat Agung.
The Société de Poitou et du Loudunois, 1714–1812: A Huguenot Fund in the Refuge
Authors: Julien Barbara
Published: November 2024

This article presents an overview of the philanthropic society set up in the first year of the Georgian era to assist Poitevin refugees in London: its records, housed at the Huguenot Library, offer colourful insights into refugee life in eighteenth-century London, with a broad canvas of wealthy donors and often desperately poor compatriots evolving alongside each other within a structure of annual sermons and general assemblies, benevolence and poor relief. Financial challenges and a major fraud were weathered, and the society played a significant role within the network of other Huguenot charities operating in London. Like similar organizations and indeed Huguenot churches in the capital, by the 1780s its existence was undermined by the very assimilation its strict rules had sought to avoid, and its closure in 1812, through a lack both of donors and recipients of relief, had become inevitable.
Diplomacy at the Colloquy of Poissy, 1561: Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, French religious controversy and the English church settlement
Authors: Esposti Sofia Degli
Published: November 2024

This article provides a commentary on the role and perspectives of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton, the English ambassador to France, during the Colloquy of Poissy (1561), a critical event in the religious struggles of the sixteenth century. Analysis of Throckmorton’s correspondence and his interactions with key participants in the Colloquy sheds light on his relationship with French Huguenots and his involvement in presenting French religious discussions to the English government. Identification of his informants reveals channels through which England maintained close links with Reformed theologians and churches abroad. Throckmorton played an active role in promoting the English religious settlement as a potential model for France, and also engaged with arguments that the settlement might be modified to make it more acceptable abroad. Despite considering himself a member of the international Reformed community, this comprehended a variety of opinions and Throckmorton was wary of the rise of Calvinism. Furthermore, he navigated the political landscape with an eye toward England’s strategic interests, indicating the nuanced approach required amid religious unrest and international tension.
Creativity in crisis communication: a systematic review
Authors: Smaliukienė Rasa
Published: November 2024

This systematic review explores the concept of creativity in crisis communication, a widely used but poorly conceptualised phenomenon. It draws on empirical research and case studies to highlight the diversity of creative approaches during major crises such as natural disasters, health crises, or conflicts. The focus is particularly on situations where these crises are protracted, and creativity is required to deal with the “fog of warning” caused by repeated alerts. It is also important to exercise creativity in order to control the meaning of information and combat the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories. Creativity in crisis communication during major crises is described as the dynamic generation of novel and contextually relevant strategies using unconventional or metaphorical elements to engage audiences, reshape their understanding, and drive behavioural change for effective crisis resolution and recovery. The study provides a framework for understanding creativity in crisis communication by synthesising existing academic knowledge. Using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses methodology, 42 articles were analysed and categorised into three areas of communication: meaning making, behaviour framing, and reputation preservation. The framework illustrates the multiple facets of creativity: metaphorical creativity promotes critical reflection; visual representation enhances accessibility; humour and creative solutions engage and motivate diverse audiences; artistic elements, serious games and creative scenarios facilitate behaviour change. This framework underscores the critical role of creativity in crisis contexts, bridging the gap between standard communication and innovative, contextually relevant strategies in crisis communication strategies.
Combined JWST–MUSE Integral Field Spectroscopy of the Most Luminous Quasar in the Local Universe, PDS 456
Authors: Seebeck Jerome , Veilleux Sylvain , Liu Weizhe , Rupke David S. N. , Vayner Andrey , Wylezalek Dominika , Zakamska Nadia L. , Bertemes Caroline
Published: November 2024

Fast accreting, extremely luminous quasars contribute heavily to the feedback process within galaxies. While these systems are most common at cosmic noon (z ∼ 2), here we choose to study PDS 456, an extremely luminous (L
bol ∼ 1047 erg s−1) but nearby (z ∼ 0.185) quasar where the physics of feedback can be studied in greater detail. We present the results from our analysis of the JWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectroscopy (MRS) integral field spectroscopic (IFS) data of this object. The extreme brightness of PDS 456 makes it challenging to study the extended emission even in this nearby object. MIRI/MRS instrumental effects are mitigated by using complementary NIRSpec and MUSE IFS data cubes. We show clear evidence of a multiphase gas outflow extending up to 15 kpc from the central source. This includes emission from warm molecular (H2
ν = 0–0 and 1–0) and ionized (e.g., Paα, [O iii], [Ne iii], and [Ne vi]) gas with typical blueshifted velocities down to −500 km s−1. We are also able to probe the nuclear dust emission in this source through silicate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission features but are unable to spatially resolve it. Our results are consistent with this powerful quasar driving a radiatively driven wind over a broad range of distances and altering the ionization structure of the host galaxy.
Unlocking Discovery Potential for Decaying Dark Matter and Faint X-Ray Sources with XRISM
Authors: Zhou Yu , Takhistov Volodymyr , Mitsuda Kazuhisa
Published: November 2024

Astrophysical emission lines arising from particle decays can offer unique insights into the nature of dark matter (DM). Using dedicated simulations with background and foreground modeling, we comprehensively demonstrate that the recently launched X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) space telescope with powerful X-ray spectroscopy capabilities is particularly well suited to probe decaying DM, such as sterile neutrinos and axion-like particles, in the mass range of a few to tens of keV. We analyze and map XRISM’s DM discovery potential parameter space by considering the Milky Way Galactic DM halo, including establishing an optimal line-of-sight search, as well as dwarf galaxies, where we identify Segue 1 as a remarkably promising target. We demonstrate that with only 100 ks exposure, the XRISM/Resolve instrument is capable of probing the underexplored DM parameter window around a few keV and testing DM couplings with a sensitivity that exceeds by two orders existing Segue 1 limits. Further, we demonstrate that XRISM/Xtend instrument sensitivity enables discovery of the nature of faint astrophysical X-ray sources, especially in Segue 1, which could shed light on star formation history. We discuss implications for decaying DM searches with improved detector energy resolution in future experiments.
Impacting Atmospheres: How Late-stage Pollution Alters Exoplanet Composition
Authors: Vlahos Emilia , Chachan Yayaati , Savignac Vincent , Lee Eve J.
Published: November 2024

The atmospheric composition of exoplanets is often considered as a probe of the planet’s formation conditions. How exactly the initial chemical memory may be altered from the birth to the final state of the planet, however, remains unknown. Here, we develop a simple model of pollution of planetary atmosphere by the vaporization of infalling planetesimals of varying sizes and composition (SiO2 inside 1 au and H2O outside 1 au), following their trajectory and thermal evolution through the upper advective and radiative layers of a sub-Neptune-class planet during the late stage of disk evolution. We vary the rate of pollution by changing the solid content of the disk and by dialing the level of disk gas depletion, which in turn determines the rate of planetary migration. We find that pollution by silicate grains will always be limited by the saturation limit set by the thermal state of the atmosphere. By contrast, pollution by water ice can lead to ∼2–4 orders of magnitude variation in the atmospheric water mass fraction depending on the solid and gas content of the disk. Both cases suggest that post-formation pollution can erase the initial compositional memory of formation. Post-formation pollution can potentially transform sub-Neptunes with H/He-dominated envelopes that initially formed beyond the ice line to water worlds (i.e., with a water-enriched envelope) when the disk gas is depleted by ≳2 orders of magnitude, allowing gentle migration. We additionally discuss the expected C/O ratio profile under pollution by water and refractory carbon species.
Thermal Evolution of the Intergalactic Medium due to Lyα Photons during the Cosmic Dawn
Authors: Raste Janakee , Sarkar Anjan Kumar , Sethi Shiv K.
Published: November 2024

The first star-forming objects that formed at high redshifts during the cosmic dawn (CD) also emitted photons between Lyα and Lyman-limit frequencies. These photons are instrumental in coupling the spin temperature of the neutral hydrogen (H i) atoms with the kinetic temperature of the intergalactic medium (IGM). Along with this coupling effect, these photons also impact the kinetic temperature by exchanging energy with the H i atoms. The injected Lyα photons in general cool the medium, while the continuum photons heat the medium. While studying this effect in the literature, a quasi-static profile around the Lyα frequency is assumed. In this paper, we solve the time-dependent coupled dynamics of the photon intensity profile along with the evolution of the thermal state of the IGM and H i spin temperature. It is expected that, during the CD era, the IGM has a mix of continuum photons with 10%–20% of injected photons. For this case, we show that the system reaches thermal equilibrium in around 1 Myr, with the final temperature in the range 50–100 K. This timescale is comparable to the source lifetime of Population III stars at high redshifts. One impact of switching off short-lived sources is that it can keep the system heated above the temperature of the quasi-static state. We also show that the quasi-static equilibrium for the continuum photons is only achieved on timescales of 100 Myr at z ≃ 20, comparable to the age of the Universe. We also briefly discuss how the Lyα induced heating can impact the 21 cm signal from CD.
Advection-nonlinear-diffusion Model of Flare Accelerated Electron Transport in Type III Solar Radio Bursts
Authors: Kontar Eduard P. , Azzollini Francesco , Lyubchyk Olena
Published: November 2024

Electrons accelerated by solar flares and observed as type III solar radio bursts are not only a crucial diagnostic tool for understanding electron transport in the inner heliosphere but also a possible early indication of potentially hazardous space weather events. The electron beams traveling in the solar corona and heliosphere along magnetic field lines generate Langmuir waves and quasilinearly relax toward a plateau in velocity space. The relaxation of the electron beam over the short distance in contrast to large beam-travel distances observed is often referred to as Sturrok’s dilemma. Here, we develop a new electron transport model with quasilinear distance/time self-consistently changing in space and time. This model results in a nonlinear advection-diffusion equation for the electron beam density with a nonlinear diffusion term that is inversely proportional to the beam density. The solution predicts slow super-diffusive (ballistic) spatial expansion of a fast-propagating electron beam. This model also provides the evolution of the spectral energy density of Langmuir waves, which determines brightness temperature of plasma radiation in solar bursts. The model solution is consistent with the results of numerical simulation using kinetic equations and can explain some characteristics of type III solar radio bursts.
A Photochemical Phosphorus-Hydrogen-Oxygen Network for Hydrogen-dominated Exoplanet Atmospheres
Authors: Lee Elspeth K. H. , Tsai Shang-Min , Moses Julianne I. , Plane John M. C. , Visscher Channon , Klippenstein Stephen J.
Published: November 2024

Due to the detection of phosphine (PH3) in the solar system gas giants Jupiter and Saturn, PH3 has long been suggested to be detectable in exosolar substellar atmospheres too. However, to date, direct detection of phosphine has proven to be elusive in exoplanet atmosphere surveys. We construct an updated phosphorus-hydrogen-oxygen (PHO) photochemical network suitable for the simulation of gas giant hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Using this network, we examine PHO photochemistry in hot Jupiter and warm Neptune exoplanet atmospheres at solar and enriched metallicities. Our results show for HD 189733b-like hot Jupiters that HOPO, PO, and P2 are typically the dominant P carriers at pressures important for transit and emission spectra, rather than PH3. For GJ1214b-like warm Neptune atmospheres our results suggest that at solar metallicity PH3 is dominant in the absence of photochemistry, but is generally not in high abundance for all other chemical environments. At 10 and 100 times solar, small oxygenated phosphorus molecules such as HOPO and PO dominate for both thermochemical and photochemical simulations. The network is able to reproduce well the observed PH3 abundances on Jupiter and Saturn. Despite progress in improving the accuracy of the PHO network, large portions of the reaction rate data remain with approximate, uncertain, or missing values, which could change the conclusions of the current study significantly. Improving understanding of the kinetics of phosphorus-bearing chemical reactions will be a key undertaking for astronomers aiming to detect phosphine and other phosphorus species in both rocky and gaseous exoplanetary atmospheres in the near future.
Ceriantharia (Anthozoa, Cnidaria) in the Atlantic Ocean: A Study Through Ecological Niche Modelling
Authors: Aparecida de Barros Marcela , Brito Gustavo R. , Stampar Sergio N.
Published: November 2024

Tube-dwelling anemones, animals belonging to the subclass Ceriantharia, are characterized as essential organisms for reef structures, playing complex ecological relationships with other living beings. However, the difficulty in collecting specimens leads to a lack of detailed environmental and biogeographical studies for the subclass, given the challenges in implementing laboratory cultures. Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM) is an important tool for biodiversity distribution studies as it allows for mapping the environmental aspects related to this distribution. It is useful in studies of species with gaps in ecological and biogeographical knowledge, helping to understand the potential and realized niche aspects. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the realized niche of nine species of Ceriantharia in the Atlantic Ocean through Ecological Niche Modelling (ENM), implemented with the MaxEnt algorithm, to enrich knowledge about new zones of environmental suitability for ceriantharians and, consequently, identify potential new occurrence sites. All models were statistically significant (AUC ≥ 0.7; TSS ≥ 0.4) and aligned with the known biology of the animals, with only a few extrapolations in areas inaccessible to tube anemones. This study aimed to consolidate current knowledge on the ecological niche of ceriantharians in the Atlantic Ocean, assisting in identifying priority areas for marine biodiversity conservation. Based on the results, a highlighted need exists to intensify data collection efforts on these organisms and review database records to minimize potential identification errors.
Мodern methods of diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Dimitrov Dimitar , Hinkova Nadezhda , Semova Teodora , Gorcheva Zornitsa , Vasileva Mirela , Petkova Elitsa
Published: November 2024

The main methods of histological diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma are dilatation and curettage, fractional curettage, and diagnostic hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy. This retrospective study aims to compare the preoperative histological results obtained by different diagnostic methods with the postoperative ones in patients with endometrial carcinoma and determine the most accurate and safest method for diagnosing the disease. From 06.2020 to 09.2023, a retrospective study was conducted on 80 patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the endometrium, treated at University Hospital Saint Marina-Pleven. The mean age of the patients was 58.04 ± 10.46, ranging from 28 to 78. The comparative analysis of the discrepancies of the histological verification methods in the evaluation of the preoperative and postoperative histological result showed that a statistically significantly higher percentage of discrepancies (19.5%) had the dilatation and curettage compared to the zero discrepancy of the hysteroscopy (0.0%). The relative proportion of discrepancies of the fractional curettage is 14.3%. The cytological result was negative for tumor cells in 97.5% and positive in 2.5%. In all patients with a positive cytological result for tumor cells, the method of histological verification was dilatation and curettage. Performing diagnostic hysteroscopy and observing safety principles such as creating low intrauterine pressure and short operative time is a safe and reliable method for diagnosing endometrial carcinoma.
Securing Arithmetical Determinacy
Authors: Speitel Sebastian G.W.
Published: November 2024

The existence of non-standard models of first-order Peano-Arithmetic (PA) threatens to undermine the claim of the moderate mathematical realist that non-mysterious access to the natural number structure is possible on the basis of our best arithmetical theories. The move to logics stronger than FOL is denied to the moderate realist on the grounds that it merely shifts the indeterminacy “one level up” into the meta-theory by, illegitimately, assuming the determinacy of the notions needed to formulate such logics. This paper argues that the challenge can be met. We show how the quantifier “there are infinitely many” can be uniquely determined in a naturalistically acceptable fashion and thus be used in the formulation of a theory of arithmetic. We compare the approach pursued here with Field’s justification of the same device and the popular strategy of invoking a second-order formalism, and argue that it is more robust than either of the alternative proposals.
Seasonal abundance of key alfalfa (Fabaceae) seed production pests and their natural enemies in southern Alberta, Canada
Authors: Ríos Martínez Aldo F. , Reid Michelle , Frost Carol M. , Cárcamo Héctor A. , Mori Boyd A.
Published: November 2024

The economic importance of insect pests in agricultural fields and the potential biological control by their natural enemies warrant foundational studies for the development of integrated pest management strategies. An insect survey was conducted in alfalfa (Fabaceae) seed production fields in southern Alberta, Canada, during the bud, flowering, and seed crop stages in 2020 and 2021. We examined the seasonal abundance of Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Miridae), Lygus spp. Hahn (Hemiptera: Miridae), and 12 natural enemy taxa. We also examined the seasonal abundance, richness, and diversity of generalist predators and the seasonality of the two H. postica parasitoids, Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Oomyzus incertus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). The seasonality of pests and natural enemies was inconsistent between years. Hypera postica larvae, B. curculionis, and O. incertus were present from mid-June to mid-August. However, we detected no correlations between H. postica larvae and its two parasitoids in either year. A number of generalist predators were correlated with A. lineolatus and Lygus spp. Further research is needed to understand the effects of environmental and biotic factors on the seasonality of pests and natural enemies in alfalfa seed production fields, and the insects’ trophic interactions.
Molecular and hematological spectrum of α-thalassemia in Saudi patients
Authors: Alserihi Raed , Alswat Sarah , Alkhatabi Heba , Qutob Haitham M.H. , Yasin Elrashed B. , Qadah Talal
Published: November 2024

α-thalassemia (α-thal) is a genetic disorder characterized by a decreased synthesis of α-globin chains. A deletion mutation most often causes it in one or more α-globin chains. No comprehensive characterization studies have been conducted on α-thal patients in the Saudi population. Therefore, this research aims to identify the spectrum of genetic mutations responsible for α-thal in our region. Individuals with microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells and normal hemoglobin (Hb) A2 were enrolled. Sixty samples of individuals suspected of α-thal were selected for further genetic analysis. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay was used to detect deletion mutations in α-globin genes. Among all samples tested, the -α3.7 deletion mutation was detected in 57 (95%) cases, whereas no mutation was detected in the remaining 3 (5%). In addition, 9 (15%) individuals were heterozygous for -α3.7, while -α3.7 homozygosity was found in 85% of the analyzed cases. The hematological characteristics of α3.7 subjects were significantly lower than the control group in the mean of Hb, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular Hb, and mean corpuscular Hb concentration (p<0.001). These results highlight the importance of α-thal diagnosis and investigation in Saudi Arabia’s pre-marital screening program for microcytic hypochromic individuals. Thus, it contributes to reducing the spread of genetic diseases.
Fasciola worm and egg-derived antigens: Exploring their diagnostic potential for urogenital schistosomiasis in resource-limited endemic regions
Authors: Adesida Adedayo , Oriade Tajudeen , Sulaiman Kabirat , Afolayan Funmilayo , Auta Timothy , Akanbi Ibikunle , Aladegboye Mercy , Nwuba Roseangela , Odaibo Alexander , Oyeyemi Oyetunde
Published: November 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the immunodiagnostic potential of crude Fasciola gigantica-worm (FWA) and egg antigen (FEA) in detecting anti-Schistosoma (S.) haematobium antibodies in sera and urine samples.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional diagnostic study. Employing an indirect ELISA, antibodies against these antigens were assessed in samples from infected and non-infected individuals in both schistosomiasis endemic (NE) and non-endemic (NNE) areas, using microscopy as the diagnostic standard.

Results:

FWA-sera exhibited excellent diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.957, a sensitivity of 93.75%, and a specificity of 85.42% for discriminating between infected and non-infected individuals in non-endemic areas. FWA-urine also demonstrated robust performance, achieving AUC>0.95, sensitivity>97.0%, and specificity>85.0% in both NE and NNE categories. Notably, S. haematobium-specific antibody levels against FWA were significantly elevated in infected individuals in both endemic and non-endemic areas. FEA-sera exhibited outstanding diagnostic performance with sensitivity exceeding 90% and an AUC of 0.968 in non-endemic samples but not in FEA-urine.

Conclusions:

FWA-based ELISAs, applicable to both sera and urine, emerge as promising tools for S. haematobium diagnosis in resource-limited settings, offering advantages of high sensitivity and specificity with shared antigens with Fasciola. The superior diagnostic metrics of urine samples suggest their potential as a noninvasive biological sample for diagnostic purposes.