bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The microscale obstacle-resolving meteorological model MITRAS v2.0: model theory
Authors: Salim Mohamed H. , Schlünzen K. Heinke , Grawe David , Boettcher Marita , Gierisch Andrea M. U. , Fock Björn H.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. This paper describes the developing theory and underlying
processes of the microscale obstacle-resolving model MITRAS version 2. MITRAS
calculates wind, temperature, humidity, and precipitation fields, as well as
transport within the obstacle layer using Reynolds averaging. It explicitly
resolves obstacles, including buildings and overhanging obstacles, to
consider their aerodynamic and thermodynamic effects. Buildings are
represented by impermeable grid cells at the building positions so that the
wind speed vanishes in these grid cells. Wall functions are used to calculate
appropriate turbulent fluxes. Most exchange processes at the obstacle
surfaces are considered in MITRAS, including turbulent and radiative
processes, in order to obtain an accurate surface temperature. MITRAS is also
able to simulate the effect of wind turbines. They are parameterized using
the actuator-disk concept to account for the reduction in wind speed. The
turbulence generation in the wake of a wind turbine is parameterized by
adding an additional part to the turbulence mechanical production term in the
turbulent kinetic energy equation. Effects of trees are considered
explicitly, including the wind speed reduction, turbulence production, and
dissipation due to drag forces from plant foliage elements, as well as the
radiation absorption and shading. The paper provides not only
documentation of the model dynamics and numerical framework but also a solid
foundation for future microscale model extensions.
Atmospheric controls on hydrogen and oxygen isotope composition of meteoric and surface waters in Patagonia
Authors: Mayr Christoph , Langhamer Lukas , Wissel Holger , Meier Wolfgang , Sauter Tobias , Laprida Cecilia , Massaferro Julieta , Försterra Günter , Lücke Andreas
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The southern tip of South America, commonly referred to as Patagonia, is a key area to understand Southern Hemisphere Westerlies (SHW) dynamics and orographic isotope effects in precipitation. However, only few studies have addressed these topics. We evaluated the stable isotope (δ2H, δ18O) compositions of precipitation, lentic waters, and lotic waters in that area to characterize and understand isotope fractionation processes associated with orographic rainout, moisture recycling and moisture sources. Observational data were interpreted with the help of backward trajectory modelling of moisture sources using reanalysis climate data. While the Pacific serves as the exclusive moisture source for sites upwind of the Andes and on the immediate downwind area of the Andes, recycled moisture from the continent seems to be the main humidity source at the Patagonian Atlantic coast. In contrast, the Pampean Atlantic coast north of Patagonia obtains moisture from the Atlantic Ocean. In the core zone of the SHW at a latitude of 50° S, a depletion in the heavy isotopes of 10 ‰ and 85 ‰, for δ18O and δ2H, respectively, occurs due to orographic rainout corresponding to a drying ratio of 0.45.
From tsunami risk assessment to disaster risk reduction – the case of Oman
Authors: Aguirre-Ayerbe Ignacio , Martínez Sánchez Jara , Aniel-Quiroga Íñigo , González-Riancho Pino , Merino María , Al-Yahyai Sultan , González Mauricio , Medina Raúl
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Oman is located in an area of high seismicity, facing the Makran Subduction
Zone, which is the major source of earthquakes in the eastern border of the
Arabian plate. These earthquakes, as evidenced by several past events, may
trigger a tsunami event. The aim of this work is to minimize the consequences
that tsunami events may cause in coastal communities by integrating tsunami
risk assessment and risk reduction measures as part of the risk-management
preparedness strategy. An integrated risk assessment approach and the
analysis of site-specific conditions permitted to propose target-oriented
risk reduction measures. The process included a participatory approach,
involving a panel of local stakeholders and international experts. One of the
main concerns of this work was to obtain a useful outcome for the actual
improvement of tsunami risk management in Oman. This goal was achieved
through the development of comprehensive and functional management tools such
as the Tsunami Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Atlas and the Risk Reduction
Measures Handbook, which will help to design and plan a roadmap towards risk
reduction. The integrated tsunami risk assessment performed showed that the northern
area of Oman would be the most affected, considering both the hazard and
vulnerability components. This area also concentrates nearly 50 % of the
hot spots identified throughout the country, 70 % of them are located in
areas with a very high risk class, in which risk reduction measures were
selected and prioritized.
Ensemble variational assimilation as a probabilistic estimator – Part 2: The fully non-linear case
Authors: Jardak Mohamed , Talagrand Olivier
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The method of ensemble variational assimilation (EnsVAR), also known as
ensemble of data assimilations (EDA), is implemented in fully non-linear
conditions on the Lorenz-96 chaotic 40-parameter model. In the case of
strong-constraint assimilation, it requires association with the method of quasi-static variational
assimilation (QSVA). It then produces ensembles which possess as much
reliability and resolution as in the linear case, and its performance is at
least as good as that of ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and particle filter
(PF). On the other hand, ensembles consisting of solutions that correspond to
the absolute minimum of the objective function (as identified from the
minimizations without QSVA) are significantly biased. In the case of
weak-constraint assimilation, EnsVAR is fully successful without need for
QSVA.
Transport of FNPP1-derived radiocaesium from subtropical mode water in the western North Pacific Ocean to the Sea of Japan
Authors: Inomata Yayoi , Aoyama Michio , Hamajima Yasunori , Yamada Masatoshi
Published: August 2018

Abstract. This study investigated the spatio-temporal variations in activity
concentrations in the Sea of Japan (SOJ) of 137Cs and these transport
process from the North Pacific Ocean to the SOJ through the East China Sea
(ECS) during 2012–2016. The 137Cs activity concentrations in the SOJ
have been increasing since 2012–2013 and reached a maximum in 2015–2016 of
approximately 3.4 Bq m−3, more than twice the pre-Fukushima accident
137Cs activity concentration of ∼1.5 Bq m−3. The
134Cs ∕ 137Cs activity ratios ranged from 0.36 to 0.51 in 2016.
After taking into account radioactive decay and ocean mixing, we concluded
that these 134Cs ∕ 137Cs activity ratios were evidence that the
Fukushima accident caused the increase in the 137Cs activity
concentrations. In the North Pacific south of Japan (NPSJ), the highest
137Cs activities in 2012–2013 were observed in water from a depth of
300 m, the potential water density anomaly (σθ) of which
corresponded to subtropical mode water (STMW). In the ECS, a clear increase
in the 137Cs activity concentration started at a depth of 140 m
(σθ= 25.2 kg m−3) in April 2013, propagated to the
surface layers at depths of roughly 0–50 m, reached a maximum in 2015 and
decreased in subsequent years. In the ECS, the Fukushima-derived radiocaesium
activity concentration in surface water reached a maximum in 2014–2015,
whereas the concentration in the SOJ reached a maximum in 2015–2016. The
propagation of Fukushima-derived radiocaesium in surface seawater from the
ECS into the SOJ therefore required approximately 1 year. These temporal
changes in 137Cs activity concentrations and 134Cs ∕ 137Cs
activity ratios indicated that part of the 137Cs and 134Cs derived
from the Fukushima accident (FNPP1-derived 137Cs and134Cs) was
transported within several years to the ECS and then to the SOJ via STMW from
the NPSJ. The integrated amount of FNPP1-derived 137Cs that entered the
SOJ before 2016 was estimated to be 0.21±0.01 PBq, 5.0 % of the
estimated total amount of FNPP1-derived 137Cs in the STMW. The
integrated amount of FNPP1-derived 137Cs that returned to the North
Pacific Ocean through the Tsugaru Strait was estimated to be 0.09±0.01 Bq, 43 % of the total amount of FNPP1-derived 137Cs
transported to the SOJ and 2.1 % of the estimated total amount of
FNPP1-derived 137Cs in the STMW.
Impact of HF radar current gap-filling methodologies on the Lagrangian assessment of coastal dynamics
Authors: Hernández-Carrasco Ismael , Solabarrieta Lohitzune , Rubio Anna , Esnaola Ganix , Reyes Emma , Orfila Alejandro
Published: August 2018

Abstract. High-frequency radar, HFR, is a cost-effective monitoring
technique that allows us to obtain high-resolution continuous surface currents,
providing new insights for understanding small-scale transport processes in
the coastal ocean. In the last years, the use of Lagrangian metrics to study
mixing and transport properties has been growing in importance. A common condition
among all the Lagrangian techniques is that complete spatial and temporal
velocity data are required to compute trajectories of virtual particles in the
flow. However, hardware or software failures in the HFR system can compromise the
availability of data, resulting in incomplete spatial coverage fields or
periods without data. In this regard, several methods have been widely used
to fill spatiotemporal gaps in HFR measurements. Despite the growing
relevance of these systems there are still many open questions concerning the
reliability of gap-filling methods for the Lagrangian assessment of
coastal ocean dynamics. In this paper, we first develop a new methodology to
reconstruct HFR velocity fields based on self-organizing maps (SOMs). Then, a
comparative analysis of this method with other available gap-filling
techniques is performed, i.e., open-boundary modal analysis (OMA) and data
interpolating empirical orthogonal functions (DINEOFs). The performance of
each approach is quantified in the Lagrangian frame through the computation
of finite-size Lyapunov exponents, Lagrangian coherent structures and
residence times. We determine the limit of applicability of each method
regarding four experiments based on the typical temporal and spatial gap
distributions observed in HFR systems unveiled by a K-means clustering
analysis. Our results show that even when a large number of data are missing,
the Lagrangian diagnoses still give an accurate description of oceanic
transport properties.
Estimation of geostrophic current in the Red Sea based on
Sea level anomalies derived from extended satellite altimetry
data
Authors: Taqi Ahmed Mohammed , Al-Subhia Abdullah Mohammed , Alsaafani Mohammed Ali
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The geostrophic currents data near the coast of the Red Sea has a large gap. Due to that the sea level anomaly (SLA) data of Jason-2 has been reprocessed and extended towards the coast of the Red Sea and merged with AVISO data at the center of the Red Sea. The processing has been applied to build a grid data to achieve best results for the SLA and geostrophic current. The results obtained from the new extended data at the coast are more consistent with the observed data hence geostrophic current calculation. The estimated geostrophic current match well with that estimated for observed CTD data. The pattern of SLA distribution and geostrophic currents are divided into two seasons; Winter season extends from October to May and Summer from June to September. The geostrophic currents along the eastern Red Sea flow toward north and southward along the west coast. This flow is modified with the presence of the cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies, which are more concentrated at the central and northern side of the Red Sea. The study has shown anticyclonic eddies (AE) on the eastern side of the Red Sea, while cyclonic eddies (CE) on the west side during Winter. During Summer the (CE) are along the eastern side and (AE) along the western side.
Accuracy of altimeter data in inner and coastal seas
Authors: Cavaleri Luigi , Bertotti Luciana , Pezzutto Paolo
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We carry out an inter comparison among four different altimeters, Cryosat, Jason2, Jason3, Sentinel-3. This is done checking the altimeter data versus the same wind and wave model results of a given area, the Mediterranean Sea, for one year period. The four datasets are consistent for wind speed, but they show substantial differences for wave heights. The verification of a Sentinel-3 pass close to coast in the Northern Adriatic Sea shows irregular spiky large wave height values close to coast. The problem worsens using high frequency altimeter data.
Integration of geological uncertainty into geophysical inversion by means of local gradient regularization
Authors: Giraud Jeremie , Lindsay Mark , Ogarko Vitaliy , Jessell Mark , Martin Roland , Pakyuz-Charrier Evren
Published: August 2018

Abstract. We introduce a workflow integrating geological uncertainty information in order to constrain gravity inversions. We test and apply this approach to data from the Yerrida Basin (Western Australia), where we focus on prospective greenstone belts beneath sedimentary cover. Geological uncertainty information is extracted from the results of a probabilistic geological modelling process using geological field data and their uncertainty as input. It is utilized to locally adjust the weights of a minimum-structure gradient-based regularization function constraining geophysical inversion. Our results demonstrate that this technique allows geophysical inversion to update the model preferentially in geologically less certain areas. It also indicates that inverted models are consistent with both the probabilistic geological model and geophysical data of the area, reducing interpretation uncertainty. The interpretation of inverted models finally reveals that the recovered greenstone belts may be shallower and thinner than previously thought.
West Antarctic sites for subglacial drilling to test for past ice-sheet collapse
Authors: Spector Perry , Stone John , Pollard David , Hillebrand Trevor , Lewis Cameron , Gombiner Joel
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Mass loss from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is increasing, and there is concern that an incipient large-scale deglaciation of the marine basins may already be underway. Measurements of cosmogenic nuclides in subglacial bedrock surfaces have the potential to establish whether and when the marine-based portions of the WAIS deglaciated in the past. However, because most of the bedrock revealed by ice-sheet collapse would remain below sea level, shielded from the cosmic-ray flux, drill sites for subglacial sampling must be located in areas where thinning of the residual ice sheet would expose presently subglacial bedrock surfaces. In this paper we discuss the criteria and considerations for choosing drill sites where subglacial samples will provide maximum information about WAIS extent during past interglacial periods. We evaluate candidate sites in West Antarctica and find that sites located adjacent to the large marine basins of West Antarctica will be most diagnostic of past ice-sheet collapse. There are important considerations for drill site selection on the kilometer scale that can only be assessed by field reconnaissance. As a case study of these considerations, we describe reconnaissance at sites in West Antarctica, focusing on the Pirrit Hills, where in the summer of 2016–2017 an 8 m bedrock core was retrieved from below 150 m of ice.
Robust uncertainty assessment of the spatio-temporal transferability of glacier mass and energy balance models
Authors: Zolles Tobias , Maussion Fabien , Galos Stephan Peter , Gurgiser Wolfgang , Nicholson Lindsey
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Energy and mass balance modeling of glaciers is a key tool for climate impact studies of future glacier behaviour. By incorporating many of the physical processes responsible for surface accumulation and ablation, they offer more insight than simpler statistical models and are believed to suffer less from problems of stationarity when applied under changing climate conditions. However, this view is challenged by the widespread use of parameterizations for some physical processes introduces a statistical calibration step. We argue that the reported uncertainty in modelled mass balance (and associated energy flux components) are likely to be understated in modelling studies that do not use spatio-temporal cross-validation and use a single performance measure for model optimization. To demonstrate the importance of these principles, we present a rigorous sensitivity and uncertainty assessment workflow applied to a modelling study of two glaciers in the European Alps. The procedure begins with a reduction of the model parameter space using a global sensitivity assessment that identifies the parameters to which the model responds most sensitively. We find that the model sensitivity to individual parameters varies considerably in space and time, indicating that a single stated model sensitivity value is unlikely to be realistic. The model is most sensitive to parameters related to snow albedo and vertical gradients of the meteorological forcing data. We then apply a Monte Carlo multi-objective optimization based on three performance measures: Model bias and mean absolute deviation in the upper and lower glacier parts, with glaciological mass balance data measured at individual stake locations used as reference. This procedure generates an ensemble of optimal parameter solutions which are equally valid. The range of parameters associated with these ensemble members are used to estimate the cross-validated uncertainty of the model output and computed energy components. The parameter values for the optimal solutions vary widely, and considering longer calibration periods does not systematically result in more constrained parameter choices. The resulting mass balance uncertainties reach up to 1300 kgm−2, with the spatial and temporal transfer errors having the same order of magnitude. The uncertainty of surface energy flux components over the ensemble at the point scale reached up to 50 % of the computed flux. The largest absolute uncertainties originate from the short-wave radiation and the albedo parametrizations, followed by the turbulent fluxes. Our study highlights the need for due caution, and realistic error quantification when applying such models to regional glacier modelling efforts, or for projections of glacier mass balance in climate settings that are substantially different from the conditions in which the model was optimized.
Una hipotésis sobre la supuesta presencia de "Posidonia oceanica" (L.) Delile "Posidoniaceae") en la costa atlántica Ibérica.
Authors: Pino-Pérez Rubén , Pino-Pérez Juan José , Silva-Pando Francisco Javier
Published: August 2018

Se realiza una actualización de información contrastada sobre la presencia de P. oceanica (L.) Delile en la costa atlántica de la Península Ibérica, revisando tanto las referencias bibliográficas como los diferentes herbarios y se propone la hipótesis de que se ha confundido la bola residual de Posidonia que llega a las playas con unos cuerpos esferoidales, denominados bezoarios, que se forman en los estómagos de los rumiantes.
Aportaciones a la brioflora de la Argentina (Lunulariales, Marchantiales, Marchantiophyta).
Authors: Fuertes Esther , Álvarez-Gerechter Laura , Prada Carmen
Published: August 2018

Se presenta una lista de 13 hepáticas talosas recolectadas en la Argentina. Ocho taxones son nuevas aportaciones a la brioflora provincial: Asterella chilensis para Misiones, Marchantia chenopoda y M. polymorpha en Jujuy, Plagiochasma rupestre var. rupestre y Targionia hypophylla var. fimbriata en San Luis, Lunularia cruciata subsp. thaxteri para Córdoba y Jujuy, Plagiochasma argentinicum para Jujuy y Tucumán y P. rupestre var. volkii para las provincias de Córdoba, La Pampa y San Luis. Además, como segunda cita provincial se mencionan: Dumortiera hirsuta en Jujuy y Salta, Lunularia cruciata subsp. thaxteri en Salta, Marchantia berteroana, para Tucumán y Tierra del Fuego, Plagiochasma argentinicum para Córdoba y P. rupestre var. volkii para la brioflora de Catamarca. Se incluyen comentarios sobre antecedentes bibliográficos, hábitat y corología de cada taxón.
Gametophytic phase of "Doryopteris triphylla" (Pteridaceae, Polypodiopsida).
Authors: Seral Andrea , Gabriel y Galán José María
Published: August 2018

Gametophytes of the Pteridaceae are moderately well known but there is still a quite large set of species to describe. Among these is Doryopteris triphylla, a member of the cheilanthoid clade (subgroup hemionitids). The main objective of this work is to describe the gametophyte of D. triphylla. In vitro cultures were prepared with spores coming from various sporophytes of different locations. In vivo observations were done periodically to monitor developmental critical events and reproductive activity. Germination followed the Vittaria pattern and the developmental processes adjusted to the Adiantum type. Adult cordate gametophytes produced normal sexual organs in unisexual prothalli. Doryopteris triphylla gametophytes exhibited somewhat peculiar features: the apical cell divided longitudinally, the first meristematic cell was rectangular, and archegoniate prothalli appeared much before than antheridiate ones.
Aportaciones a la flora de Sierra Alpujata y Sierra Blanca (Coín, Málaga)
Authors: Gavira-Romero Óscar Noel , Hevilla-Ordóñez Sebastián , Cano-García Encarnación
Published: August 2018

Se presenta un catalógo florístico preliminar para las sierras Alpujata y Blanca (Coín, Málaga) de 351 taxones recolectados por los autores. Todo el conjunto muestra una elevada importancia ecológica, destacando las peridotitas por su concentración en taxones endémicos. Hasta 26 endemismos regionales han sido localizados en el área de estudio, siete de ellos exclusivos de Málaga (seis de peridotitas y uno, Linaria clementei, de zonas calcáreas). Además, 21 taxones se encuentran amenazados, tres de ellos En Peligro (Abies pinsapo, Armeria villosa subsp. serpentinicola y Klasea baetica), y 5 protegidos por la Ley. Se presenta también la primera cita para Málaga de Orobanche almeriensis y una localidad de Alyssum atlanticum separada de la Sierra de Mijas. Algunos ejemplares de Juniperus oxycedrus muestran características que los asemejan con la subspescie badia, no citada en la provincia de Málaga, y se presentan los enebrales como la vegetación natural más desarrollada en los mármoles y, especialmente, en las peridotitas.
La dimensión interactiva en "Sermón en lengua de Chile" (1621) de Luis de Valdivia
Authors: Cancino Cabello Nataly
Published: August 2018

Los sermones constituyen una clase textual que desarrolla la dimensión interactiva con la finalidad de incluir al alocutario en el discurso, convocándolo a participar del proceso de construcción del sentido y de la dinámica enunciativa. Para ello, en Sermón en lengua de Chile (1621) de Luis de Valdivia se ofrece una serie de recursos pragmalingüísticos que explicitan la participación del receptor, en pos de conseguir los objetivos argumentativos del discurso, de modo que esta obra, dirigida a la evangelización mapuche, constituye un modelo de la dinámica interactiva orientada al convencimiento y la persuasión en una situación asimétrica de contacto intercultural.
Una nota sobre el morfo cero: el imperativo y la vocal temática
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: August 2018

La noción de afijo cero resulta sumamente polémica en los estudios morfológicos desde Nida (1948), por lo que numerosos autores han propuesto que no pueden emplearse como objetos del análisis morfológico (p. ej., Scalise 1983). Este trabajo proporciona un argumento del español a favor de admitirlos como elementos posibles de la estructura interna de las palabras: sin postular un sufijo cero para la tercera persona singular no es posible dar cuenta de la distribución de formas como sal (imperativo) frente a sal-e (presente de indicativo).
Rasgos semánticos a partir de corpus y su aplicación en el aprendizaje de la estructura ‘ser/estar+adjetivo’ en español
Authors: Lu Hui-Chuan , Cheng An Chung
Published: August 2018

El presente trabajo combina principalmente dos partes de estudio, el análisis de los datos consultados de un corpus nativo y la aplicación de diferentes tipos de córpora en la enseñanza con el fin de mejorar el aprendizaje de la estructura de ‘ser/estar+adjetivo’, y a la vez ofrecer referencias para investigación multilingüe. Por una parte, los abundantes datos consultados en el Corpus del Español (Davies, 2002) nos permite clasificar los adjetivos y examinar las relaciones entre los verbos copulativos y la semántica adjetival. Por otra parte, las listas formadas por las agrupaciones de los verbos copulativos y las clasificaciones semánticas de los adjetivos pueden servir en combinación con los ejemplos de contextos como referencias para la enseñanza del idioma español. Además, las consultas en el Corpus Paralelo de Español, Inglés y Chino ayudan en el aprendizaje de la estructura en cuestión, debido a las comparaciones y los contrastes entre diferentes lenguas.
Terminología e información gramatical en textos didácticos y diccionarios
Authors: Maldonado González Concepción
Published: August 2018

Este artículo plantea el distinto enfoque con el que creemos que se deberían tratar las discrepancias y la disparidad de términos gramaticales en los libros de texto y en las obras de referencia lingüísticas, sobre todo, cuando tales obras están diseñadas para los distintos cursos de enseñanza obligatoria en primaria y en secundaria. A partir de una experiencia de trabajo editorial de casi treinta años, y mediante ejemplos representativos tomados de diccionarios y de gramáticas de latín, francés, inglés y español, este artículo pretende demostrar, en primer lugar, cómo el nivel de complejidad de la información gramatical que se incluye en las obras de referencia didácticas debería ser inversamente proporcional al grado de conocimiento del usuario sobre dicha lengua. Y, en segundo lugar, analizaremos cómo, por desgracia, es práctica casi generalizada que los equipos de trabajo editoriales opten para la redacción de sus materiales por un enfoque teórico que luego no siguen en el desarrollo de los materiales educativos a lo largo de los distintos cursos.
Interpelación entre vocalizaciones y desarrollo prosódico en funciones comunicativas tempranas
Authors: Romero Andonegi Asier
Published: August 2018

Este estudio explora la intención comunicativa en la relación entre las vocalizaciones y la prosodia en la fase lingüística de una sola palabra. El corpus de análisis lo han constituido los actos comunicativos de seis niños y niñas vascos de entre 1;1 y 1;8 y con lengua materna euskera. El análisis se ha centrado en la producción acústica sobre un total de 675 vocalizaciones extraídos de aproximadamente 3 h. de grabación en casa de los informantes. Los datos extraídos de las grabaciones muestran que (1) las vocalizaciones comunicativas y no comunicativas no se diferencian de forma significativa a partir de su contorno entonativo final, (2) las funciones comunicativas tempranas se diferencian por su contorno entonativo final, destacando las funciones imperativas y fáticas por su asociación con las tonalidades ascendentes. Palabras clave: Gestos tempranos, prosodia, adquisición del lenguaje, intencionalidad comunicativa, función comunicativa, vasco
'Solo un poquito'. El uso y funciones del diminutivo en español peninsular en dos grupos de Facebook
Authors: Maíz-Arévalo Carmen
Published: August 2018

Son numerosos los estudiosos que se han centrado en la descripción y análisis de los diminutivos en las distintas variedades del español o en contraste con otras lenguas. Más recientemente, sin embargo, se ha puesto el foco en el estudio del discurso digital, por el interés que éste despierta como forma cada vez más extendida de comunicación y por su carácter “híbrido”, en el que se mezclan elementos propios del lenguaje oral y escrito. En esta misma línea, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el uso del diminutivo como estrategia de atenuación en el discurso digital. Más concretamente, nos centraremos en el contraste de dicho uso entre los usuarios de la red social Facebook de dos contextos diferentes: una página de fans cuyos miembros mantienen exclusivamente una relación en línea (online) basada en su interés común por un cantante español y un perfil personal cuyos usuarios tienen una relación de carácter híbrido; es decir, su relación se produce tanto en línea (online) como fuera de línea (offline). Los resultados muestran que el uso de los diminutivos es superior en el corpus híbrido, así como una mayor versatilidad en sus funciones. Así pues, mientras que en el corpus híbrido el diminutivo puede expresar afecto, cercanía, tamaño, reproche y emplearse como estrategia atenuadora, en el corpus online su función prácticamente se reduce a la atenuación.
La atenuación lingüística en las reseñas digitales de hoteles y restaurantes en español
Authors: Mancera Rueda Ana
Published: August 2018

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de las formas de atenuación lingüística localizadas en un corpus de reseñas de hoteles y restaurantes españoles publicadas en los principales portales digitales dedicados a gestionar reservas de este tipo de servicios. El estudio, basado en los supuestos de la pragmática y el análisis del discurso, se centra en los tipos de atenuación identificados, así como en su vinculación con la cortesía y con las estrategias de gestión de la imagen llevadas a cabo por clientes y empresarios.
La interacción laboral en redes sociales móviles. El uso de los modos como estrategia de atenuación
Authors: Noblía Valentina
Published: August 2018

Los teléfonos inteligentes vehiculizan una parte importante de las interacciones informales que se producen en el ámbito del trabajo, en especial a través de redes sociales como WhatsApp. El contacto continuo y dinámico tiene como efecto inevitable la flexibilización de la distancia propia de las relaciones en ámbitos institucionales; no obstante, la asimetría que establecen esos roles y funciones no desaparece y estos intercambios se convierten en verdaderas zonas de riesgo para los vínculos interpersonales. En el marco de este trabajo, nos proponemos presentar desde una perspectiva multimodal (Kress 2010) algunas de las estrategias discursivas (Menéndez 2005) que se articulan a partir de recursos que proveen los diferentes modos semióticos, con el objetivo de atenuar (Briz Gómez 2010, Lavandera 1986, Martin y White 2005) el conflicto, los malentendidos y gestionar una conversación que se plantea en términos informales, pero que se encuadra en ámbitos institucionalizados (Drew y Sorjonen 2000), definidos por relaciones asimétricas. Los resultados presentados en este trabajo surgen del análisis de un corpus mayor sobre interacción en redes sociales, que incluye las redes móviles como WhatsApp. En este caso particular, tomaremos ejemplos de cinco casos de conversaciones grupales en ámbitos institucionales, que serán, no obstante, contrastadas con casos de usos informales en ámbitos familiares o entre amigos. Este trabajo se encuadra teórica y metodológicamente en el análisis del discurso (Lavandera 1985) desde una perspectiva interaccional y multimodal (Goodwin 1995, Kress 2003, 2010).
La locución 'como Dios manda'. Análisis lingüístico y retórico de su uso en la comunicación política
Authors: Montolío Durán Estrella
Published: August 2018

Este trabajo consta de cuatro apartados. La Introducción se plantea en los apartados 1 y 2. A lo largo del apartado 3, se describe la forma y funciones de la locución como Dios manda de acuerdo con el análisis de sus dos formantes léxicos y con lo que indican los tratados lexicográficos del español. En el apartado 4 analizamos las funciones que presenta este fraseologismo en un corpus de ejemplos de español general procedentes del Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual. Finalmente, el apartado 5, el más extenso y que constituye la aportación más importante, consiste en el análisis pragmático y retórico de la unidad fraseológica como Dios manda en el discurso del presidente del gobierno, Mariano Rajoy. El análisis nos permite desvelar la enorme funcionalidad retórica que presenta este fraseologismo en la comunicación política.
Las metáforas en la lingüística. Análisis de algunas conceptualizaciones metafóricas de los fenómenos lingüísticos
Authors: Eugenia Villa Miriam
Published: August 2018

El trabajo presenta algunas miradas sobre el fenómeno de la metáfora, haciendo foco en la perspectiva cognitiva (G. Lakoff y M.L. Johnson, 1998). Se parte de la hipótesis de que el sistema conceptual humano es en gran medida de tipo metafórico. Las metáforas impregnan el lenguaje mediante el cual representamos y explicamos determinadas experiencias difíciles de aprehender, fenómenos abstractos o hechos complejos, basándonos en conceptos más básicos y conocidos. Esta función atraviesa distintos tipos de discurso, pero en esta oportunidad nos dedicaremos a su uso en el discurso de la ciencia lingüística.
A Grammatical Sketch of Chitumbuka
Authors: Galafa Beaton
Published: August 2018

The paper provides a grammatical sketch of Chitumbuka, a language widely spoken in the northern region of Malawi, and therefore used as a lingua franca in the region. The paper focuses on four key linguistic aspects of the language in its analysis. These include phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics. Data analysis followed interviews with native speakers of the language drawn from four districts of Mzimba, Rumphi, Nkhata Bay and Kasungu. There was also a significant reliance on data from published materials exploring the language. The paper agrees with available literature ascertaining the existence of 5 vowels and 27 consonant phonemes, a CV syllable structure, assimilation and strengthening processes in the language. It also shows that Chitumbuka is not a tonal language. The paper further ascertains the existence of 18 noun classes in the language and a complex verbal morphology with different types of markers for subject, object and tense. It also shows that the general sentence structure of Chitumbuka is Subject-Verb-Object with several other possible alterations. The paper ends with an exploration of loan words in the language and the realization of the notions of borrow and lend through a single lexical item.
Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia after Radiation Therapy for Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Falcinelli Lorenzo , Bellavita Rita , Rebonato Alberto , Chiari Rita , Vannucci Jacopo , Puma Francesco , Aristei Cynthia
Published: August 2018

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, has mainly been described in patients with breast cancer who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery. In this rare case, a 70-year-old man with left apical squamous lung cancer developed BOOP after radiotherapy and only one cycle of concomitant chemotherapy.

This case report draws attention to the development of this syndrome in the unusual setting of lung cancer, advising prompt steroid treatment when diagnostic images reveal the characteristic signs of the disease.
Breast Metastasis from Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma Mimicking a Breast Cancer
Authors: Maniglio Marina , Capalbo Emanuela , Viganò Sara , Trecate Giovanna , Scaperrotta Gianfranco Paride , Panizza Pietro
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Breast metastases are very uncommon, either from solid tumors or malignant melanoma.

Case report

We present the case of a 42-year-old woman with a history of cutaneous melanoma of the shoulder excised 21 years ago. She presented with a palpable lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast. Ultrasound demonstrated a solid mass within a cystic lesion. A core biopsy was taken and first histology reported a poorly differentiated primary breast cancer suspected to be triple negative. MRI detected a satellite lesion in the same breast, a focus of suspected enhancement in the other breast, and the extramammary finding of an enhancing pulmonary lesion. Staging computed tomography detected widespread metastases to the lungs, brain, subcutaneous left shoulder, liver, pancreas, and hepatorenal recess. A core biopsy was taken from the left breast lesion and the previous slides were reviewed; histopathology and immunohistochemistry were in keeping with metastasis from melanoma.

Conclusions

The possibility of a metastatic lesion to the breast should be taken into account in any patient presenting with a breast lump and a previous history of melanoma. Breast involvement cannot be considered an isolated finding, as it might be the first manifestation of widespread disease.
Risk factors for bladder cancer recurrence survival in patients with upper-tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Wu Yu-Peng , Lin Yun-Zhi , Lin Min-Yi , Lin Ting-Ting , Chen Shao-Hao , Wei Yong , Zheng Qing-Shui , Xue Xue-Yi , Xu Ning
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

The aim of this work was to investigate the predictive factors for bladder cancer recurrence survival (BCRS) in patients with upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).

Methods:

We selected patients with UTUC who underwent segmental ureterectomy (Su) or nephroureterectomy (Nu) from 2004 to 2013 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients with a history of intravesical therapy for bladder cancer and bladder cancer prior to the diagnosis of UTUC were excluded. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards model to compare overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and BCRS.

Results:

In a cohort of 1,454 patients, 169 (11.6%) had low-grade tumors and 1,285 (88.4%) had high-grade tumors; 239 (16.4%) underwent Su and 1,215 (83.6%) underwent Nu. We found that T4 grade (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.216; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.197-12.087) and ureteral tumors (HR = 1.764; 95% CI, 1.173-2.652) were predictors of shorter BCRS, whereas Nu (HR = 0.608; 95% CI, 0.388-0.953) predicted longer BCRS. Five-year BCRS rates were low-grade tumors: 94.1%, high-grade tumors: 85.4% (p = 0.038); plus Su: 82.9%, and Nu: 87.6% (p = 0.016).

Conclusions:

Use of Su should be more selective for high-grade tumors, as it correlates with shorter BCRS. Tumors located in the ureter are associated with shorter BCRS than those located in the renal pelvis.
Strategies of Constructing Shapes in Cabri
Authors: Kepceoglu Ibrahim
Published: August 2018

According to the constructivist approach in mathematics education, knowledge is actively created or invented by the students, not passively received from the teacher or the environment. In this regard, learning environments should be designed so that students have to use effectively their “own” knowledge and thus students achieve desired information. Through the micro-worlds, the experimental environments where students make observations, researches and predictions shall be created. In the micro-worlds formed by means of Cabri Geometry, a dynamic geometry sketchbook, users can draw and explore many geometric shapes. Besides, the manipulation and displacement of objects can be easily done via this software. In this study, we emphasize on that property of Cabri Geometry. Four pre-service elementary mathematics teachers among thirty ones which have taken a course on the mathematics teaching in the dynamic mathematics software environment have voluntarily participated to the study. The participants have randomly divided into two groups. Each group has worked on computer together and is asked to draw two dimensions shapes like triangles, parallelogram, rectangle etc. without using related “tool of Cabri”. The collection of the data of this study involves interviews during their work, screen record of the computer and tape record of conversation among pair of participants. The results of study reveal that more professionally the participants use the Cabri Geometry more different strategies they use to construct asked shapes and participants have always questioned themselves about their pre-knowledge of the dynamically constructed shape.
Serous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Charville Gregory W. , Kao Chia-Sui
Published: August 2018

Serous neoplasms are uncommon, usually cystic tumors that account for less than 1% of all primary pancreatic lesions. They consist predominantly of a monomorphic epithelial cell population with a glycogen-rich, clear cytoplasm, reminiscent of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, with which serous neoplasms share an association with underlying VHL loss-of-function mutations. Serous neoplasms have no metastatic potential. Accurate recognition of this entity, including its various architectural subtypes, is critical to appropriate prognostication and treatment. Immunohistochemical detection of inhibin and calponin expression, along with the absence of both estrogen and progesterone receptors and nuclear β-catenin, can help to distinguish serous neoplasms from mimics. With the advent of minimally invasive and molecularly driven diagnostic techniques, the pathologist's role in the assessment and management of serous neoplasms has become increasingly complex and important. We provide an update on the histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of pancreatic serous neoplasms for the practicing pathologist.
Morphologic Aspects of Interstitial Pneumonia With Autoimmune Features
Authors: Nascimento Ellen Caroline Toledo do , Baldi Bruno Guedes , Sawamura Marcio Valente Yamada , Dolhnikoff Marisa
Published: August 2018

Context.—

Interstitial lung disease, a common complication observed in several connective tissue diseases, causes significant morbidity and mortality. Similar to individuals with connective tissue diseases, a significant subgroup of patients with clinical and serologic characteristics suggestive of autoimmunity but without confirmed specific connective tissue disease presents with associated interstitial lung disease. These patients have been classified using different controversial nomenclatures, such as undifferentiated connective tissue disease–associated interstitial lung disease, lung-dominant connective tissue disease, and autoimmune featured interstitial lung disease. The need for a better understanding and standardization of this entity, interstitial lung disease with autoimmune features, and the need for an adequate management protocol for patients resulted in the introduction of a new terminology in 2015: interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features. This new classification requires a better comprehension of its diagnostic impact and the influence of its morphologic aspects on the prognosis of patients.

Objective.—

To review the diagnostic criteria for interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features, with an emphasis on morphologic aspects.

Data Sources.—

The review is based on the available literature, and on pathologic, radiologic, and clinical experience.

Conclusions.—

The interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features classification seems to identify a distinct subgroup of patients with different prognoses. Studies show that nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia are the most prevalent morphologic patterns and show discrepant results on the impact of the usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on survival. Prospective investigations are necessary to better define this subgroup and to determine the prognosis and appropriate clinical management of these patients.
Update on Rare Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias and Rare Histologic Patterns
Authors: Tanaka Tomonori , Ishida Kaori
Published: August 2018

Context.—

In 2013, the revised American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) described 2 rare IIPs and 2 rare histologic patterns. Because of the rarity of the disease, there is limited evidence related to the histology. Because the rare histologic patterns are provisional criteria, no unanimous consensus on histologic diagnostic criteria has yet been reached.

Objective.—

To review the histologic features for rare IIPs and rare histologic patterns, and to provide diagnostic aids and discuss the differential diagnosis.

Data Sources.—

Published peer-reviewed literature and the authors' personal experience.

Conclusions.—

Following the publication of the international consensus classification, evidence regarding rare IIPs and rare histologic patterns has accumulated to some extent, although to date the amount remains insufficient and further evidence is required. Because the diagnosis is sometimes challenging, a multidisciplinary approach represents the gold standard in reaching an accurate diagnosis for these rare disorders.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Antifibrotic Treatments: Focus on Experimental Studies
Authors: Lunardi Francesca , Pezzuto Federica , Vuljan Stefania Edith , Calabrese Fiorella
Published: August 2018

Context.—

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fatal disease that up to now has been associated with a poor outcome. Some advances have been made in understanding the multiple interrelated pathogenic pathways underlying IPF. The disease is now believed to result from complex interactions among genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, metabolic, and environmental factors. The discovery and validation of theranostic biomarkers are necessary to enable a more precise and earlier diagnosis of IPF and to improve the prediction of future disease behavior. Two drugs recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, pirfenidone and nintedanib, have shown the ability to reduce the progression of the disease, although survival benefits are only minimal and neither drug prevents or reverses the disease.

Objective.—

To provide a critical overview of the main experimental studies carried out for testing the principal effects of pirfenidone and nintedanib on IPF.

Data Sources.—

Experimental (animal and in vitro) studies concerning both drugs were used.

Conclusions.—

Pirfenidone has a longer history of preclinical experimental studies than nintedanib. Many studies have been reported more recently (after 2014) and some of them evaluated the association of both drugs, thus suggesting their combination in future therapeutic approaches. Future investigations focusing on targets at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels are necessary to have a better in-depth knowledge of the properties of these drugs and to explore the potential efficacy of both or other drug combinations.