bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bifurcations and chaos of bimetallic circular plates subjected to periodic heat load
Authors: Wang Y.
Published: March 2008

The chaotic vibrations of bimetallic thin circular plates with geometric nonlinearity subjected to periodic time‐varying temperature load are investigated. The governing equations are formulated in forms similar to those of classical von Kármán's single‐layered plate theory by re‐determination of reference surface of coordinate. The nonlinear differential equation in time‐mode is derived by variational method following an assumed spatial‐mode. The Melnikov function is established theoretically to estimate regions of the chaos, and the Poincaré map, phase portrait, Lyapunov exponent, and Lyapunov dimension are used to evaluate if a chaotic motion really appears. Further investigations are developed by means of detailed numerical simulation, the combined bifurcation diagram and its corresponding maximum Lyapunov exponent are illustrated. The influence of static and time‐dependent temperature parameters, and damping parameter on the dynamic characteristics is examined. Interesting phenomena such as the onset of chaos, transient chaos, chaos with periodic windows, period‐doubling scenario and reversed period‐doubling bifurcation leading to chaos, jump phenomena, and chaos suddenly converts to period orbit have been observed.
Extracts from The Cochrane Library: Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction (review)
Authors: Burton Martin J. , Monsell Edwin M. , Rosenfeld Richard M.
Published: March 2008

The “Cochrane Corner” is a quarterly section in the Journal that highlights systematic reviews relevant to otolaryngology—head and neck surgery, with invited commentary to highlight implications for clinical decision making. This installment features a Cochrane Review entitled “Vestibular rehabilitation for unilateral peripheral vestibular dysfunction,” which concludes that there is moderate to strong evidence from high‐quality randomized trials supporting the safety and efficacy of this intervention.
THE COURTSHIP AND SINGLEHOOD OF ELIZABETH ISHAM, 1630–1634
Authors: STEPHENS ISAAC
Published: March 2008

Scholars have long known of the proposed marriage in 1630 of John Dryden, grandson of Sir Erasmus Dryden, and Elizabeth Isham, eldest child of Sir John Isham. All knowledge of this proposed marriage came from correspondence revealing that, having reached a financial impasse, the two families aborted the proposed match. At first glance, such a case seems rather unremarkable, since similar stories abound of other contemporary families and in more detail. The Dryden–Isham match, however, takes on increased importance with the recent discovery of Elizabeth Isham's 60,000-word spiritual autobiography. Unlike the correspondence that mainly deals with the economic aspects of the match, Elizabeth's autobiography provides a more personal and emotional account, revealing the importance that familial love and honour played in the arrangement. In addition, the autobiography shows that the failed match caused Elizabeth to have a religious aversion to marriage, leading her to choose singlehood for the remainder of her life. Her experience forces scholars to recognize the significance that familial love, honour, and personal piety could have on marriage formation in the seventeenth century, and it illustrates the lasting impact that a failed match could have on a woman in early modern England.
LORD ACTON'S IRISH ELECTIONS
Authors: BARR COLIN
Published: March 2008

From the age of twenty-three until his death at the age of sixty-eight, Lord Acton was or sought to be a member of the United Kingdom parliament. Although Acton remains a subject of scholarly interest, his political career has received relatively little attention. This article examines Acton's search for an Irish parliamentary seat, a search which was twice unsuccessful in 1857, but which resulted in May 1859 in Acton's return as the member for Carlow borough. Although Acton was pushed towards parliament by his family – and particularly his stepfather, Lord Granville – a close examination of Acton's campaigns reveals more dedication to a political career than has previously been accepted.
POLICE VIOLENCE IN PARIS, OCTOBER 1961: HISTORICAL SOURCES, METHODS, AND CONCLUSIONS
Authors: BRUNET JEAN-PAUL
Published: March 2008

For some years now, the repression of the Algerian Front de Libération Nationale (FLN) by the Paris police on 17 October 1961 has been a subject of controversy. This is despite the fact that those who have written about this incident are in agreement about its magnitude (more than 14,000 people arrested in two days) and its senseless violence. Yet there remains disagreement over the emotive question of the number of people killed. The recent publication of a study by Jim House and Neil MacMaster provides an opportunity to return to this issue, and to raise important questions about the methodologies and standards of research that have been used.
Morphological abnormalities in the stauromedusa Haliclystus auricula (Cnidaria) and their possible causes
Authors: Zagal Carolina J.
Published: March 2008

Morphological abnormalities were observed in a population of the stauromedusa Haliclystus auricula in southern Chile. A total of 144 abnormal specimens was observed out of 3790 Stauromedusae sampled. The following abnormalities are described: individuals lacking arms (73%), with more than eight anchors (11%), more than eight arms (8%), lacking anchors (4%) and one individual with tentacles in abnormal locations. An individual with two peduncles, one with two mouths and one twin-like individual are recorded for the first time in this species. Their possible causes are discussed.
Genetic characterization of hybrid mussel (Mytilus) populations on Irish coasts
Authors: Gosling Elizabeth , Doherty Sandra , Howley Nicola
Published: March 2008

The blue mussel,Mytilus edulis, and the Mediterranean mussel,Mytilus galloprovincialis, occur widely over much of northern Europe, and wherever they are sympatric they hybridize. The hybrid zone is large, ranging from western France to the north of Scotland, and is spatially complex, containing a mixture of pure, hybrid and introgressed individuals. Results from an Irish study in 1981, using partially diagnostic allozyme markers, indicated that mussels on the Irish Sea coast were solelyM. edulis, but on Atlantic wave-exposed shores, and to a much lesser extent on wave-protected shores, mussels comprised an interbreeding mixture ofM. edulisandM. galloprovincialis. In this study mussels were analysed from 20 locations on Irish coasts, using theMe15/16nuclear DNA marker. The results showed a high frequency ofM. galloprovincialis(0.378 ± 0.198) and hybrid (0.429 ± 0.175) genotypes, and correspondingly low frequencies of theM. edulisgenotype (0.194 ± 0.107) at both exposed and sheltered locations on Atlantic coasts, indicating no apparent advantage for theM. edulisgenotype at wave-protected sites.Mytilus galloprovincialiswas virtually absent from the Irish Sea. Mussels in this area may be a self-recruiting population ofM. edulisdue to thermal front development at the northern and southern entrances to the Irish Sea in late spring, thereby preventing an influx of spring-spawnedMytiluslarvae. The apparent change in the genetic composition of mussels on Atlantic coasts since the early 1980s could be related to climate change, or to aquaculture practice in Ireland whereby mussels from exposed shores are used to seed ropes in wave-protected bays and estuaries.
Vector Solution for the Intersection of Two Circles of Equal Altitude
Authors: González Andrés Ruiz
Published: March 2008

A direct method for obtaining the two possible positions derived from two sights using vector analysis instead of spherical trigonometry is presented. The geometry of the circle of equal altitude and of the two body fixes is analyzed, and the vector equation for simultaneous sights is constructed. The running fix problem is also treated.
A New Method of Planning Collision Avoidance Manoeuvres for Multi-Target Encounter Situations
Authors: Szlapczynski Rafal
Published: March 2008

In this paper the author introduces a new method of collision avoidance for multi-target encounters. The method combines the qualities of a sequence of necessary manoeuvres with some optimisation elements and supports any given ship domain. First the problem of determining the optimal course alteration manoeuvre for given ship domain model and multi-target encounter situation is solved. The solution consists of analytical formulas and numerical algorithms combined to achieve low computational complexity. Then this solution is further used to construct a method of planning ship trajectories, which are safe, economic and intuitive for navigators. Example scenarios and the resulting trajectories are also provided. All of the algorithms, formulas and their derivations in the text are presented explicitly, so that they could be directly applied in any collision avoidance system.
Regional Stochastic Models for NOAA-Based Residual Tropospheric Delays
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan E. , El-Rabbany Ahmed
Published: March 2008

Real-time and near real-time precise GPS positioning requires shorter GPS solution convergence time. Residual tropospheric delay, which exists as a result of the limitations of existing tropospheric correction models, is a limiting factor for quick GPS solution convergence. This paper proposes a new approach to tropospheric delay modelling, which overcomes the limitations of existing models. In this approach, the bulk of the tropospheric delay is accounted for using the NOAA-generated tropospheric correction model, while the residual tropospheric delay component is accounted for stochastically. First, the NOAA tropospheric correction model is used to generate daily time series of zenith total tropospheric delays (ZTDs) at ten IGS reference stations spanning North America for many days in 2006. The NOAA ZTDs are then compared with the new highly-accurate IGS tropospheric delay product to obtain daily residual time series at 5 minute intervals. Finally, the auto-covariance functions of the daily residual tropospheric delay series are estimated at each of the ten reference stations and then used to find the best empirical covariance function in the least squares sense. Of the three potential covariance functions examined, it is shown that the exponential cosine function gives the best fit most of the time, while the second-order Gauss-Markov model gives the worst fit. The first-order Gauss-Markov fits are close to those of the exponential cosine. Additionally, the model coefficients seem to be season independent, but change with geographical location.
A Bridge Too Far?
Authors: Hadnett Edmund
Published: March 2008

The introduction of AIS in 2002 and the drive to introduce electronic navigation aids to merchant ships had the principal stated objective of improving safety by enhancing situational awareness. This paper reviews the various types of electronic equipment fitted to vessels during the past five years in order to assist the watch-keeper, comments on the reduction in core watch-keeping skills and argues for a back-to-basics approach for watch-keepers. A version of this paper was first presented at the RIN conference NAV 07 in October 2007.
Cetuximab: a critical appraisal of a novel development in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Gemmill Joanna
Published: March 2008

Recently published evidence has shown an improvement in locoregional control and a survival advantage in the treatment of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) using cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the tumour-promoting mechanism of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In a large randomised trial, cetuximab was delivered concurrently with radiotherapy and compared to radiotherapy alone in locally advanced SCCHN. The trial showed that the addition of cetuximab offers improved locoregional control and survival without enhancing acute toxicity compared to radiotherapy alone. These exciting results have the potential to change standard head and neck cancer practice, impacting on head and neck cancer services provided by oncology departments and multidisciplinary working.

This article aims to define the mechanism of action of cetuximab, critically appraise the evidence for the use of cetuximab within Oncology departments for SCCHN, and critically evaluate how cetuximab may impact on current practice. Future possibilities and trials to assess the use of cetuximab within clinical practice will also be discussed.
What are the potential benefits and limitations of particle therapy in the treatment of paediatric malignancies?
Authors: Hardy P. , Bridge P.
Published: March 2008

The reduction in dose received by normal tissue is essential in radiotherapy to reduce the chance of late side-effects. This is especially true in paediatric radiotherapy as any late-effects can seriously impair the future quality of life experienced by the treated child.

Particle therapy uses high-energy particles to deliver a surgically precise beam of energy to a pre-determined position in the body. Common side-effects associated with conventional radiotherapy (CRT) are considerably reduced, often virtually eliminated, owing to the reduction in dose received by neighbouring healthy tissues, improving future quality of life. The superior accuracy of particles also means the dose can be escalated improving control rates.

Clinical trials, reviews and planning studies have been reviewed to assess the benefits and limitations offered by particle therapy in paediatric treatments. The reduced integral dose and improved conformity is clearly highlighted throughout these studies, demonstrating the potential advantages available with particles when treating paediatric patients.

The data suggest that the advantages experienced with particle therapy result in a significant reduction in the side-effects experienced and therefore an improvement in quality of life when compared with conventional therapy. Owing to the reduction of subsequent sequelae, paediatric patients need to be considered when designing and constructing a particle centre in the UK.
The use of hyperthermia to overcome tumour hypoxia in the treatment of advanced breast cancer
Authors: Netherton Helen
Published: March 2008

Purpose:The purpose of this review was to explore the literature on the use of hyperthermia (HT) in advanced breast cancer.

Methods:A literature search was conducted to obtain information from recent trials of HT and/or chemotherapy (CH) and radiotherapy (RT) for patients with locally recurrent breast carcinoma. Issues concerned with patient compliance and side effects have also been reviewed and future recommendations for research made.

Results:Results of recent trials have demonstrated promising outcomes for HT and RT in combination, particularly for recurrent disease to improve local control (LC). There is no evidence, however, to support a positive effect on overall survival.

Conclusions:Despite positive results HT has not been widely embraced, due to financial and logistical limitations. Future recommendations include larger, randomised, controlled studies and the development of temperature mapping to avoid potentially limiting HT blisters.
Rising temperature and salinity fields to the north of the Almería‐Orán Front during the past decade
Authors: Plaza Francisco , Fraile‐Nuez Eugenio , Vargas‐Yáñez Manuel
Published: March 2008

Time series of temperature and salinity profiles in the South Western Mediterranean Sea are analyzed from June 1996 to November 2006. Previous studies have addressed the detection of changes on isobaric levels. In this paper we decompose thermohaline changes into those caused by vertical displacements of the isopycnals, more likely linked to changes in the dynamics of the region and dominant winds, and those changes on isopycnal surfaces. The latter give a more accurate idea about changes in water mass properties due to ocean‐atmosphere interaction. Our analysis reveals that there has been a warming and salting on isopycnal surfaces. The warming during this 10‐year period is quite intense, around 0.032°C yr−1, and the salinity increase is around 0.009 yr−1. The depth of isopycnals shows an upward trend, rising 45 m over the study period, compensating for the warming on isobaric surfaces.
Subionospheric early VLF perturbations observed at Suva: VLF detection of red sprites in the day?
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Kumar Abhikesh , Rodger Craig J.
Published: March 2008

First observations of early Very Low Frequency (VLF) perturbations on signals from NWC (19.8 kHz) and NPM (21.4 kHz) monitored at Suva, in the month of November 2006, are presented. The early/fast, early/slow, early/short (RORD), and step‐like early VLF perturbations are observed on signals from both the transmitters. The early/fast VLF events are found to occur more often in the nighttime than in the daytime whereas step‐like early events predominantly occur in the daytime. Most of the early VLF events are associated with amplitude changes between 0.2–0.8 dB with only a few cases > 0.8 dB. In general, the recovery time of daytime early/fast VLF events is less when compared to the nighttime early/fast VLF events. The lightning location data provided by the World‐Wide Lightning Location Network and broadband VLF data recorded at Suva have been analyzed to identify the location of causative lighting discharges along the great circle paths between transmitter and receiver, and the sferics associated with causative lightning of early VLF events. This research is the first to report both daytime early/fast VLF perturbations with faster recovery and also step‐like early VLF perturbations initiated and ended by the lightnings which are most likely associated with red sprites and/or elves occurring in the daytime.
Nighttime above‐the‐MUF HF propagation on a midlatitude circuit
Authors: McNamara Leo F. , Bullett Terence W. , Mishin Evgenii , Yampolski Yuri M.
Published: March 2008

HF radio propagation was observed regularly during the night at frequencies above the classical Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) on the circuit from Fort Collins, Colorado, to Boston, Massachusetts, during 2003 (McNamara et al., 2006). This propagation was attributed to above‐the‐MUF propagation, in the sense of normal refraction by over‐dense regions in the F2 layer of the ionosphere, following Wheeler (1966). Similar propagation was also observed on a regular basis on the Ottawa to Boston circuit, at an operating frequency of 7.335 MHz. We have reanalyzed the nighttime Ottawa to Boston propagation in conjunction with observations of foF2 recorded by the digisonde at Millstone Hill (near Boston). Normal propagation (via refraction) would be supported on this circuit only when foF2 exceeds the equivalent vertical frequency, which is ∼5.7 MHz. The actual propagation extends through the midnight to dawn period even when foF2 drops below 4 MHz, with signal powers decreasing from about −80 dBW to −110 dBW. We deduce that there are three possible modes of propagation that are, in order of appearance: (1) normal refraction when foF2 exceeds 5.7 MHz; (2) “sporadic” reflection from large scale irregularities (tens of kilometers) with plasma frequencies that exceed 5.7 MHz in a lower density background; and (3) a 2‐hop ground side scatter mode with hop lengths greater than the 7.335 MHz skip distance. The second mechanism is the one discussed by Wheeler (1966).
Influencing the fates of CD4 T cells on the path to memory: lessons from influenza
Authors: Jelley‐Gibbs Dawn M , Strutt Tara M , McKinstry K Kai , Swain Susan L
Published: March 2008

In the face of emerging infectious diseases caused by rapidly evolving and highly virulent pathogens, such as influenza, we are challenged to develop innovative vaccine strategies that can induce lasting protection. Since CD4 T cells are needed to generate and maintain protective B‐cell and CD8 T‐cell immunity, and can also mediate additional protective mechanisms, vaccines should ideally elicit efficient CD4 T cell, in addition to CD8 T and B‐cell responses. We outline here the process of CD4 T‐cell differentiation from naïve to effector and from effector to memory with an emphasis on how exposure to microbial products and variables in antigen presentation can impact the functional quality and heterogeneity of activation‐based CD4 T‐cell subsets in vitro and in vivo. We discuss the impact of different phases of antigen recognition, the inflammatory milieu, acute versus chronic antigen presentation, and the contribution of residual antigen depots on CD4 T‐cell effector differentiation and the formation and maintenance of CD4 T‐cell memory. We propose that novel vaccine strategies, which incorporate both microbial products and antigen targeting, may provide a flexible and long‐lived memory CD4 T‐cell pool.
Monocyte‐derived dendritic cells in innate and adaptive immunity
Authors: León Beatriz , Ardavín Carlos
Published: March 2008

Monocytes have been classically considered essential elements in relation with innate immune responses against pathogens, and inflammatory processes caused by external aggressions, infection and autoimmune disease. However, although their potential to differentiate into dendritic cells (DCs) was discovered 14 years ago, their functional relevance with regard to adaptive immune responses has only been uncovered very recently. Studies performed over the last years have revealed that monocyte‐derived DCs play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity, due to their microbicidal potential, capacity to stimulate CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell responses and ability to regulate Immunoglobulin production by B cells. In addition, monocyte‐derived DCs not only constitute a subset of DCs formed at inflammatory foci, as previously thought, but also comprise different subsets of DCs located in antigen capture areas, such as the skin and the intestinal, respiratory and reproductive tracts.
Thymus‐independent class switch recombination is affected by APRIL
Authors: Hardenberg Gijs , van Bostelen Liesbeth , Hahne Michael , Medema Jan Paul
Published: March 2008

The tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family member a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL) is implicated in various B‐cell processes, such as class switch recombination, plasma cell differentiation and plasma cell survival. This was suggested from initial studies analysing B‐cell responses in APRIL‐deficient and transgenic mice, and mice deficient for the TNF receptors of APRIL, transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) and B‐cell maturation antigen. Here, we present additional evidence for the importance of APRIL in thymus‐independent (TI) B‐cell responses, using APRIL‐deficient and transgenic mice. APRIL‐deficient mice show an impaired immunoglobulin A (IgA) response towards TI B‐cell antigens, whereas APRIL transgenic mice show exaggerated TI B‐cell responses. Moreover, antibody titres to TI antigens were sustained in APRIL transgenic mice for a long time and even increased up to 75 days in the case of IgA against 4‐hydroxy‐nitrophenacetyl‐lipopolysaccharide.
Bumblebees under the midnight sun - Monitoring circadian rhythms of bumblebees under continuous daylight, using radio frequency identification (RFID)
Authors: Stelzer Ralph , Chittka Lars
Published: March 2008

Circadian rhythms enable organisms to anticipate and to prepare for predictable changes in their environment. Most previous studies on circadian rhythms focused on solitary animals. However, in social insects, the colony as a superorganism has a foraging rhythm aligned to the patterns of resource availability. Within this colony rhythm, the activity patterns of individuals are embedded. In temperate regions bumblebee foragers show strong circadian rhythms that adjust their foraging activity to the changing light conditions in the course of the day. But what about circadian foraging patterns under continuous daylight? One would assume that the colony as a whole extends its foraging activity over the whole 24 hours of a day under such light conditions to maximise colony growth. To answer this question four colonies of Bombus terrestris terrestris have been set up in north-western Finland (Kilpisjärvi Biological Station, 270km north of the Arctic Circle) between 20/06/07 and 18/07/07. During that time period the sun is always above the horizon in that area. Each worker of each colony was fitted with a small RFID tag, allowing to continuously monitor the foraging activity of each individual worker for the whole duration of the experiment. Against the hypothesis the foragers still showed strong circadian rhythms and ceased their activity from about 0000h until about 0600h each day.
2008 Update on the Medicare Exceptions Process
Authors: Fifer Robert C.
Published: March 2008

Since 1999 when Medicare caps first became effective, providers have had to pay close attention to the claims process. This article summarizes the Medicare Exceptions Process that, for 2007, underwent a number of changes. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Physician Fee Schedule Final Rule of November 27, 2007 made three important changes. These changes addressed certification for patient plan of care, personnel qualifications for therapists, and a review of Part B policies and their application to Part A settings that are projected to go into effect in July of 2008. Particular attention was given to explanations of the manual submission process and the change in definitions of “complexities” and of a “therapist.”
Liability Issues in Clinical Practice
Authors: Scudder Sharon Griffin
Published: March 2008

Legal liability is of concern for speech-language pathologists and audiologists in clinical practice. This paper offers general suggestions designed to help clinicians minimize the risks of liability in clinical practice. Suggestions include knowing and practicing within the standard of care of your profession, obtaining informed consent, being polite and caring with patients, documenting everything, verifying the licensure and certification of clinicians and other employees you hire, and organizing your business to limit your liability from the actions of others within your business and to protect your personal assets. The author recommends that you protect your promising career from being derailed by allegations of malpractice and negligence by continuing to develop your skills and structuring your clinical practice to provide the very best care to your clients and patients.
An Exploration of Clinicians Views About Assessment and Treatment of Stuttering
Authors: Tellis Glen M. , Bressler Lisa , Emerick Katrina
Published: March 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine school speech-language pathologists’ knowledge of and skill levels with assessing and treating stuttering. This paper provides information on 255 school speech-language pathologists who responded to a 49-question survey about stuttering. The instrument contained questions that addressed specific aspects of assessment and treatment as well as general questions about stuttering. Results indicate that on average, the speech-language pathologists had only treated 12 children who stuttered throughout their careers and averaged 2 children who stuttered on their caseloads per year. Data indicate that regardless of whether the speech-language pathologists took graduate course work in fluency disorders, had their Certificate of Clinical Competence, or attended continuing education workshops in fluency disorders, they lacked basic knowledge and skills in assessing and treating stuttering. Systematic training in specific aspects of assessment and treatment for people who stutter is urgently needed for speech-language pathology students and practicing clinicians.
A Mixed-Model Approach to Studying Treatment Outcomes
Authors: Gabel Rodney , Daniels Derek , Hughes Stephanie
Published: March 2008

The purpose of this study was to utilize a mixed qualitative and quantitative methodology to explore treatment outcomes of stuttering treatment. The findings of the study suggested that all four participants made measurable clinical gains, as evidenced by positive changes in speech fluency, stuttering severity, and communication attitudes. The participants’ perceptions of their clinical experiences were explored using semi-structured interviews conducted at the beginning of therapy, the middle of treatment, and at the end of therapy. Results of the qualitative data analysis suggested that the participants reported improvement in their attitudes, feelings, and beliefs about stuttering. In addition, the participants reported an increased sense of control of their stuttering as a result of treatment. Also, the participants reported a belief that therapy was a process still to be worked on following treatment. Finally, participants shared reports of the important impact the clinic had on their lives. The positive changes noted during treatment were maintained 6 months following treatment.
Selecting the Optimal FM System for Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Schafer Erin C.
Published: March 2008

Children who use cochlear implants experience significant difficulty hearing speech in the presence of background noise, such as in the classroom. To address these difficulties, audiologists often recommend frequency-modulated (FM) systems for children with cochlear implants. The purpose of this article is to examine current empirical research in the area of FM systems and cochlear implants. Discussion topics will include selecting the optimal type of FM receiver, benefits of binaural FM-system input, importance of DAI receiver-gain settings, and effects of speech-processor programming on speech recognition. FM systems significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio at the child's ear through the use of three types of FM receivers: mounted speakers, desktop speakers, or direct-audio input (DAI). This discussion will aid audiologists in making evidence-based recommendations for children using cochlear implants and FM systems.
FM Verification for the 21
st
Century
Authors: Eiten Leisha , Lewis Dawna
Published: March 2008

Background:
For children with hearing loss, the benefits of FM systems in overcoming deleterious effects of noise, distance, and reverberation have led to recommendations for use beyond classroom settings. It is important that audiologists who recommend and fit these devices understand the rationale and procedures underlying fitting and verification.

Objectives:
This article reviews previousguidelines for FM verification, addresses technological advances, and introduces verification procedures appropriate for current FM and hearing-aid technology.

Methods:
Previous guidelines for verification of FM systems are reviewed. Those recommendations that are appropriate for current technology are addressed, as are procedures that are no longer adequate for hearing aids and FM systems utilizing more complex processing than in the past. Technological advances are discussed, and an updated approach to FM verification is proposed.

Conclusions:
Approaches to verification andfitting of FM systems must keep pace with advances in hearing-aid and FM technology. The transparency approach addressed in this paper is recommended for verification of FM systems coupled to hearing aids.
Identifying Children Who Require Different Instruction in a Response to Instruction Framework
Authors: Speece Deborah L. , Hines Sara J.
Published: March 2008

This articles presents information on how schools may go about identifying children who are not responding to Tier 1 support and are thus in need of different instruction. In addition, this article reviews varied screening approaches, including Curriculum-Based Measurement, and discusses ways of monitoring and evaluating progress.
Designing Quality Tier One Learning Environments for Emergent and Early Readers
Authors: Cabell Sonia Q. , McGinty Anita S. , Breit Allison , Justice Laura
Published: March 2008

In this article, the authors discuss high priority instructional targets that should be addressed in early childhood classrooms to support emergent and early literacy development. Additionally, this article discusses the collaborative role speech-language pathologists can play in providing early literacy support at varied stages of the RTI process.
Falling Through the Cracks: Children Who Are Exceptions to the RTI Identification Process
Authors: Davis Nicole , Compton Donald L.
Published: March 2008

This article discusses late emerging reading disabilities (RD) and provides possible explanations for false negatives that occur in the RTI process. In addition to providing a theoretical framework for thinking about late emerging RD, the authors conclude with suggestions for speech-language pathologists to improve the early identification of children who are at risk for late emerging RD.
How to Survive a Due Process Hearing
Authors: Corbin Carl
Published: March 2008

Background/Introduction:
Due process hearings are administrative hearings that resolve disputes between parents of children, who qualify for special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”), and a Local Educational Agency (“LEA”). The IDEA provides that students that qualify for special education services are entitled to receive a Free Appropriate Public Education (“FAPE”). A FAPE has both substantive and procedural requirements. The process by which a LEA details the provision of a FAPE to a student who qualifies for special education services is through the development of an Individualized Education Program (“IEP”).

Objectives:
This article reviews the process to develop a legally defensible IEP. This article provides strategies for LEAs and educational professionals to avoid a due process hearing. This article provides a brief description of and timelines associated with a due process hearing. This article provides suggestions to educational professionals who may be called to testify as a witness at a due process hearing.

Conclusion:
LEAs and educational professionals can minimize their risk of having to undergo a due process hearing and can maximize their chances to prevail at a due process hearing through preparation and training.
Health Plan Denials and Appeals
Authors: Schwartz Sandra , McCarty Janet
Published: March 2008

Challenging health plan denials for voice treatment through appeals or advocacy efforts can pay off. This article describes the process of obtaining authorization for voice therapy, filing claims, establishing goals, preparing needed documentation, appealing claims through various levels including independent review, and developing an advocacy campaign if coverage is not offered or is very limited.
Documentation That Works
Authors: Hapner Edie R.
Published: March 2008

Clinical documentation allows the speech-language pathologist to chart the events, findings, and clinical impressions gleamed from the patient encounter. Good record keeping enhances clinical follow through with the transfer of information from evaluation findings to therapeutic invention or from session to session to ensure the progression of therapy. Poor record keeping poses a threat to evaluation and therapy follow-through, to insurance reimbursement, and to the development of a clinical record that meets legal standards. The purpose of this article is to provide a streamlined reference for those documenting voice evaluations and therapy encounters. Clinical documentation meeting the guidelines proposed by ASHA (1994, 2006, 2007a), and with regard to Medicare requirements for the documentation of evaluation, plan of care, treatment note, progress note, and discharge note is presented. The use of templates to reduce documentation load is discussed as is the advent of electronic medical record. Documentation can be overwhelming and the amount of information required in documentation of a single therapy session seems to increase each year. Assuring that documents meet medical/legal guidelines and individual payer guidelines is paramount. ASHA resources for assisting clinicians in the development of documentation are highlighted in the article.
ASHA's Documentation Initiative
Authors: Brown Janet
Published: March 2008

This article describes the various audiences of documentation for both clinical and reimbursement purposes and the challenges of developing documentation formats that can meet all those needs. The benefits and limitations of electronic medical record systems are discussed. The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's Working Group on Documentation's current initiative to develop documentation templates is described, and ASHA Web-based resources are included for reference.
The adsorption of CO on charged and neutral Au and Au2: A comparison between wave-function based and density functional theory
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Peter , Lein Matthias , Krawczyk Robert P. , Jacob Christoph R.
Published: March 2008

Quantum theoretical calculations are presented for CO attached to charged and neutral Au and Au2 with the aim to test the performance of currently applied density functional theory (DFT) by comparison with accurate wave-function based results. For this, we developed a compact sized correlation-consistent valence basis set which accompanies a small-core energy-consistent scalar relativistic pseudopotential for gold. The properties analyzed are geometries, dissociation energies, vibrational frequencies, ionization potentials, and electron affinities. The important role of the basis-set superposition error is addressed which can be substantial for the negatively charged systems. The dissociation energies decrease along the series Au+–CO, Au–CO, and Au−–CO and as well as along the series Au2+–CO, Au2–CO, and Au2−–CO. As one expects, a negative charge on gold weakens the carbon oxygen bond considerably, with a consequent redshift in the CO stretching frequency when moving from the positively charged to the neutral and the negatively charged gold atom or dimer. We find that the different density functional approximations applied are not able to correctly describe the rather weak interaction between CO and gold, thus questioning the application of DFT to CO adsorption on larger gold clusters or surfaces.
Stability of the polar NiO(111) surface
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bing , Tang Bi-Yu
Published: March 2008

Based on density functional theory and thermodynamic model, we compile a phase diagram for the polar NiO(111) surface as a function of temperature and oxygen pressure. The electronic correlation between Ni-3d electrons has also been included in the form of GGA+U method. Consistent with recent experiments, present GGA+U calculation indicates that over a broad range of oxygen partial pressure, the most stable phases are the oxygen and Ni terminated octopolar structures, which are almost degenerate in energy. We also show that the stabilization of the NiO(111) surface goes together with remarkable changes in the geometrical and electronic structure.
Formation and transformation of vortex structures in soft ferromagnetic ellipsoids
Authors: Arrott A. S. , Hertel R.
Published: March 2008

Magnetization processes in ideally soft ferromagnetic ellipsoids are studied numerically using the equations of micromagnetism. The ellipsoids have semiaxis in the ratios b∕a=c∕b=ϕ, where ϕ is the golden ratio for which (c−b)∕a=1. For a>20nm, the magnetization processes include the formation and transformation of a vortex core. As vortex core motion takes place with little change in exchange energy, the response of the total magnetization to the applied fields is close to that of an ideally soft magnetic material as long as the vortex is mobile. At critical fields, the vortex core changes between states where it is free to move and those where it is immobilized by symmetry. Complex transformations at critical fields are observed.
Phase evolution and field-induced magnetic anisotropy of the nanocomposite three-phase fcc, hcp, and amorphous soft magnetic alloy Co89Zr7B4
Authors: Ohodnicki P. R. , Keylin V. , McWilliams H. K. , Laughlin D. E. , McHenry M. E.
Published: March 2008

Crystallization and field-induced magnetic anisotropy were investigated for a Co89Zr7B4 alloy. A mixture of nanocrystalline fcc and hcp phases surrounded by an amorphous matrix is present after primary crystallization. For annealing in a 2T transverse field, the observed anisotropy fields and field-induced anisotropies are HK∼12–15Oe and KU∼550–680J∕m3 for field annealed amorphous ribbons as compared to HK∼18–19Oe and KU∼800–850J∕m3 for field crystallized ribbons. In comparison with the corresponding Fe-based alloy, the relatively high Curie temperature and large field-induced anisotropy of the field annealed amorphous ribbons indicate that the intergranular amorphous phase may provide a relatively more significant contribution to the field-induced anisotropy of Co-based nanocomposite ribbons such as Co89Zr7B4.
Modeling of HeN+ clusters. II. Calculation of He3+ vibrational spectrum
Authors: Karlický František , Lepetit Bruno , Kalus René , Paidarová Ivana , Gadéa Florent Xavier
Published: March 2008

We have computed the vibrational spectrum of the helium ionized trimer He3+ using three different potential energy surfaces [D. T. Chang and G. L. Gellene, J. Chem. Phys. 119, 4694 (2003); E. Scifoni et al., ibid. 125, 164304 (2006); I. Paidarová et al., Chem. Phys. 342, 64 (2007)]. Differences in the details of these potential energy surfaces induce discrepancies between bound state energies of the order of 0.01eV. The effects of the geometric phase induced by the conical intersection between the ground electronic potential energy surface and the first excited one are studied by computing vibrational spectra with and without this phase. The six lowest vibrational bound states are negligibly affected by the geometric phase. Indeed, they correspond to wavefunctions localized in the vicinity of the linear symmetric configurations and can be assigned well defined vibrational quantum numbers. On the other hand, higher excited states are delocalized, cannot be assigned definite vibrational quantum numbers, and the geometric phase shifts their energies by approximately 0.005eV.
Nonlinear dynamics of plasma oscillations modeled by an anharmonic oscillator
Authors: Enjieu Kadji H. G. , Nana Nbendjo B. R. , Chabi Orou J. B. , Talla P. K.
Published: March 2008

This paper considers nonlinear dynamics of plasma oscillations modeled by an anharmonic oscillator. These plasma oscillations are described by a nonlinear differential equation of the form ẍ+ε(1+x2)ẋ+x+κx2+δx3=FcosΩt. The amplitudes of the forced harmonic, superharmonic, and subharmonic oscillatory states are obtained using the harmonic balance technique and the multiple time scales method. Admissible values of the amplitude of the external strength are derived. Bifurcation sequences displayed by the model for each type of oscillatory states are performed numerically through the fourth-order Runge–Kutta scheme.
Domain nucleation mediated spin-transfer switching in magnetic nanopillars with perpendicular anisotropy
Authors: Li Xuan , Zhang Zongzhi , Jin Q. Y. , Liu Yaowen
Published: March 2008

Spin-transfer-driven switching is investigated by micromagnetic simulation in perpendicular spin valve nanopillars with a free layer structure which contains two in-film-plane regions: a main perpendicularly magnetized hard region and a soft nanocore with intrinsic in-plane anisotropy. The temporal magnetization snapshots demonstrate that the current-induced magnetization rotation starts from the nanocore, followed by an incoherent switching process mediated by domain nucleation and expansion. The initial magnetization rotation of nanocore to in-plane direction generates driving force acting on the hard region via exchange coupling, together with locally enhanced spin torque, leading to considerable reduction in both critical current and switching time.
Recurrence analysis of strange nonchaotic dynamics in driven excitable systems
Authors: Ngamga E. J. , Buscarino A. , Frasca M. , Fortuna L. , Prasad A. , Kurths J.
Published: March 2008

Numerous studies have shown that strange nonchaotic attractors (SNAs) can be observed generally in quasiperiodically forced systems. These systems could be one- or high-dimensional maps, continuous-time systems, or experimental models. Recently introduced measures of complexity based on recurrence plots can detect the transitions from quasiperiodic to chaotic motion via SNAs in the previously cited systems. We study here the case of continuous-time systems and experimental models. In particular, we show the performance of the recurrence measures in detecting transitions to SNAs in quasiperiodically forced excitable systems and experimental time series.
Phase control of molecular fragmentation with a pair of femtosecond-laser pulses
Authors: Breunig H. G. , Urbasch G. , Weitzel K.-M.
Published: March 2008

We demonstrate the control of molecular fragmentation of o-xylene (C8H10) on a femtosecond time scale in two-pulse measurements with a pair of femtosecond-laser pulses. Parent and fragment-ion yields were recorded as a function of interpulse delays, i.e., different relative phases of the excitation pulses. The experiments revealed different fragmentation mechanisms in the temporal region of direct overlapping pulses and for separated pulses. For overlapping pulses all ion yields followed the excitation intensity which oscillated as a function of interpulse delay due to the change of constructive and destructive interference of the light fields. For larger delays, in particular, the oscillations of the C+ and CH3+ fragment-ion yield showed a significant deviation from each other. The results are interpreted as a manifestation of optical phase-dependent electronic excitations mapped onto the nuclear fragmentation dynamics.
Electronic and structural transition in La0.2Sr0.8MnO3
Authors: Bindu R. , Maiti Kalobaran , Rawat R. , Khalid S.
Published: March 2008

We investigate the interplay between the electronic and structural transitions in La0.2Sr0.8MnO3. The transport and specific heat measurements exhibit unusual evolution and the signature of a first order phase transition at around 265K. Mn K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results reveal distortion in the MnO6 octahedrons, even in the cubic phase, and a remarkable evolution of the distortion across the phase transition. These results manifest the importance of fluctuations in Mn 3d orbital occupancy on their electronic properties, which may help in understanding the orbital and spin ordering proposed in these systems.
Nanocalorimetric analysis of the ferromagnetic transition in ultrathin films of nickel
Authors: Lopeandía Aitor F. , Pi F. , Rodríguez-Viejo J.
Published: March 2008

We report on in situ heat capacity measurements (370–800K) using quasiadiabatic ultrafast differential scanning nanocalorimetry in thin films (1–200nm) of Ni grown by electron beam evaporation. The heat capacity shows a broad peak with a rounded maximum that is attributed to the decrease of long-range interactions in the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition of Ni. The calorimetric data exhibit a reduction of the Curie temperature as the thickness of the films (or the average grain size) decreases. The magnitude of the jump in specific heat at TC scales with the number of surface or interface atoms.
Interface-induced pseudoelastic behavior in Bi-metal multilayer nanowires
Authors: Ma Fei , Ma Sheng-Li , Xu Ke-Wei , Chu Paul K.
Published: March 2008

Gold-palladium (Au–Pd) multilayer nanowires are found by molecular dynamics simulation to behave pseudoelastically contrary to previous reports that single-element Au nanowires do not possess pseudoelasticity. Further analysis indicates that the interfaces not only can induce large compressive stress to assist the spontaneous reorientation but also can induce the Au sublayers to undergo twinning with the Pd sublayers. Our analysis suggests that these two effects render pseudoelasticity possible in nanowires that have relatively large size and are composed of materials that have low twinning capability.