bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geraniol and Carvacrol in Essential Oil Bearing Thymus pulegioides: Distribution in Natural Habitats and Phytotoxic Effect
Authors: Ložienė Kristina , Vaičiulytė Vaida
Published: February 2022

Phenolic and non-phenolic chemotypes of Thymus pulegioides L. are common in Europe. Essential oils of these chemotypes, as various compositions of allelochemicals, can have different phytotoxic effects on neighboring plants in natural habitats. The aim of this study was to establish the distribution of carvacrol and geraniol in T. pulegioides, growing wild in Lithuania, and compare phytotoxity of essential oils of carvacrol and geraniol chemotypes on selected plant species. In investigating 131 T. pulegioides habitats, essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Phytotoxity of essential oils extracted from carvacrol and geraniol chemotypes transmitted through water and air to selected plants was determined under laboratory conditions. Pharmacologically valuable Hypericum perforatum L. and the important forage grass Phleum pratense L. were respectively selected for experimentation from among 35 medicinal plants and 10 feed Poaceae species, growing in T. pulegioides habitats. Field results showed that carvacrol is common throughout Lithuania’s territory, whereas the geraniol is predominantly located under the continental climatic conditions of the eastern region of the country. In the laboratory experiment, it was established that there was stronger inhibition of P. pratense seed germination by the essential oil of the geraniol chemotype than the carvacrol chemotype. None of the H. perforatum seeds germinated after exposure to the essential oil of the geraniol chemotype. In general, this study builds on previous studies by providing further evidence that different T. pulegioides chemotypes have contrasting phytotoxic effects on neighboring plants within their natural habitats.
Dioxygen Reactivity of Copper(I)/Manganese(II)-Porphyrin Assemblies: Mechanistic Studies and Cooperative Activation of O2
Authors: Li Runzi , Khan Firoz Shah Tuglak , Hematian Shabnam
Published: February 2022

The oxidation of transition metals such as manganese and copper by dioxygen (O2) is of great interest to chemists and biochemists for fundamental and practical reasons. In this report, the O2 reactivities of 1:1 and 1:2 mixtures of [(TPP)MnII] (1; TPP: Tetraphenylporphyrin) and [(tmpa)CuI(MeCN)]+ (2; TMPA: Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MeTHF) are described. Variable-temperature (−110 °C to room temperature) absorption spectroscopic measurements support that, at low temperature, oxygenation of the (TPP)Mn/Cu mixtures leads to rapid formation of a cupric superoxo intermediate, [(tmpa)CuII(O2•–)]+ (3), independent of the presence of the manganese porphyrin complex (1). Complex 3 subsequently reacts with 1 to form a heterobinuclear μ-peroxo species, [(tmpa)CuII–(O22–)–MnIII(TPP)]+ (4; λmax = 443 nm), which thermally converts to a μ-oxo complex, [(tmpa)CuII–O–MnIII(TPP)]+ (5; λmax = 434 and 466 nm), confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the 1:2 (TPP)Mn/Cu mixture, 4 is subsequently attacked by a second equivalent of 3, giving a bis-μ-peroxo species, i.e., [(tmpa)CuII−(O22−)−MnIV(TPP)−(O22−)−CuII(tmpa)]2+ (7; λmax = 420 nm and δpyrrolic = −44.90 ppm). The final decomposition product of the (TPP)Mn/Cu/O2 chemistry in MeTHF is [(TPP)MnIII(MeTHF)2]+ (6), whose X-ray structure is also presented and compared to literature analogs.
Metabolic Complications of Chronic HIV Infection: A Narrative Review
Authors: Cummins Nathan W.
Published: February 2022

As persons who are HIV positive and on suppressive antiretroviral therapy live longer, there is increased incidence and recognition of several metabolic complications of this chronic infection. These metabolic complications of HIV infection can result from the infection itself and/or otherwise effective antiviral treatment and can have significant impacts on morbidity and mortality. Some metabolic complications of HIV infection are preventable but most are modifiable, and therefore, active surveillance and screening are warranted. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the most common metabolic complications of chronic HIV infection, associated risk factors, diagnosis, and management.
RETRACTED: A Novel Drug Self-Delivery System from Fatty Alcohol Esters of Tranexamic Acid for Venous Malformation Sclerotherapy
Authors: Chen Yongfeng , Song Di , Hou Qianqian , Ma Mengrui , Zhao Xiaoyun , Yang Tianzhi , Xie Huichao , Ding Pingtian
Published: February 2022

Venous malformation (VM), which causes severe damage to patients’ appearance and organ function, is one of the most common vascular malformations. At present, many drugs in clinical treatment cause various adverse reactions. Herein, we synthesized cationic amphiphilic gelators (TA6, TA8, and TA9) by introducing saturated carbon chains of different lengths to tranexamic acid (TA), which could self-assemble into low-molecular-weight gels (LMWGs) as drug delivery carriers by hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. The rheological properties, gelation driving force and drug release profiles of TA6, TA8, and TA9 hydrogels were characterized, and the results indicated that the hydrogels prepared in this study possessed the typical characteristics of a gel and could release drugs slowly. More importantly, the TA9 gelator showed significant pharmacological activity, in that it served as both an active drug compound and a drug carrier. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that TA9 induced HUVECs death and hemolysis by destroying cell membranes in a dose-dependent manner, and caused cell death and hemolysis at a concentration of 0.09 µM/mL. Meanwhile, we found TA9 could interact not only with fibrinogen, but also with other endogenous molecules in the blood. After the administration of TA9 hydrogel for 15 days, macroscopic imaging and histological evaluation in mice and rabbits displayed obvious thrombi, inflammatory reactions, and venous embolization, indicating that the mechanism of the TA9 hydrogel in treating VM was involved in two processes. Firstly, the TA9 hydrogel relied on its mechanical strength to physically block veins and continuously release TA9, in situ, for targeted therapy. Then, TA9 destroyed endothelial cells and damaged venous walls critically, causing thrombi. Most excitingly, TA9 was hydrolyzed to TA by enzymes that inhibited the degradation of thrombi by plasmin to prolong the embolization time and to promote venous fibrosis. Compared with other clinically available sclerosants, the degradation of TA9 also empowered a better biocompatibility and biodegradability for the TA9 hydrogel. In conclusion, we synthesized a potentially safe and effective derivative of TA and developed a low-molecular-weight gel as a self-delivery system for TA in treating VM.
Growth and development of replacement heifers of Holstein black-and-white breed of different ecogenesis
Authors:   Limited Liability Company “North Kazakhstan Scientific and Research Institute of Livestock and Plant Growing”, Republic of Kazakhstan, North Kazakhstan region, Besko, Aitzhanov E. S. , Yesmagambetov K. K. ,   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kurgan State Agricultural Academy named after T. S. Maltsev”, Russia, Kurgan region, Lesnikovo
Published: February 2022

An important task of rearing of replacement young animals of different origin in dairy cattle breeding is to breed such type of animals that due to their size, strength of constitution, development of organs and systems, would ensure high milk productivity for a long time. This is especially true for the Black-and-White breed, which occupies a leading position among the breeds of dairy cattle. The purpose of the work was to study the growth and development of replacement heifers of Holstein black-andwhite breed of different ecogeneses. The growth and development of replacement heifers of Holstein black-and-white heifers of local breeding and herdmates of Holstein breed of Austrian and Canadian breeding under the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region in the Republic of Kazakhstan have been studied. Thus, it has been found that the absolute and relative growth rate was higher in animals of Canadian breeding, compared with herdmates of Austrian and domestic breeding. The live weight of black-and-white Holstein heifers of Canadian breeding at birth was higher than that of herdmates of Austrian and domestic breeding by 1,5 and 2,4 kg or 4,1 and 6,7 %, at 18 months of age by 32,6 and 50,8 kg or 4,6 and 13,0 % (P < 0,001). Heifers of Austrian breeding had an advantage over domesticbred heifers at birth by 0,9 kg or 2,5 %, and at the age of 18 months by 18 kg or 4,6 % (P < 0,001). Heifers of Canadian and Austrian breeding had the advantage over their herdmates of domestic breeding according to the studied body measurements and body built indices.
Influence of the treatment of hatching eggs with Pectin drug on the embryonic and postembryonic development of young poultry
Authors:   Siberian Scientific and Research Institute of Poultry – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center”, Russia, Omsk Region, Morozovka, Zadorozhnaya M. V. , Lysko S. B. ,   Siberian Scientific and Research Institute of Poultry – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center”, Russia, Omsk Region, Morozovka, Suntsova O. A. ,   Siberian Scientific and Research Institute of Poultry – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center”, Russia, Omsk Region, Morozovka
Published: February 2022

Recently, many methods and means of disinfection of hatching eggs have been developed. Until now, the treatment with formaldehyde and ozone most widely used. At the same time, it should be noted that some substances, in particular formaldehyde, are obsolete and harmful to both human health and the environment. Considering the above, the search for new, effective, environmentally friendly drugs that would not have a harmful effect on the incubation qualities of eggs, as well as have disinfecting properties, continues to be extremely relevant. These include Pectin. The herbal preparation is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. In medicine, Pectin is used both for preventive purposes and as a therapeutic agent. The research has been carried out in the Department of Veterinary Medicine of Agricultural Poultry in the Siberian Scientific and Research Institute of Poultry – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Omsk Agrarian Scientific Center” and poultry farming enterprise on incubation eggs of quails and chickens. Egg processing was carried out before laying in the incubation cabinet and on transfer from the incubation cabinet to the hatchery for 15,5 days of quail and 18,5 days of chicken: in the experimental group with pectin, in the control group with formalin. The development of quail embryos was monitored at 9,5 and 15,5 days, chicken embryos at 11,5 and 18,5 days. The hatchability of eggs, the livability and live weight of young animals, the amount of total protein, albumins and globulins in the blood serum at the age of 7 and 14 days were taken into account. It has been found that the treatment of incubation eggs with the 1 % solution of pectin according to the developed schemes did not have a negative effect on the embryonic and postembryonic development of young poultry, contributes to the increase in the hatchability of quail and chicken eggs by 2,5 and 2,7 abs.%, the livability of the resulting young poultry during the growing period of 1-14 days by 2,0 and 2,5 abs.%, live weight by 4,1 and 4,2 %, respectively.
Efecto de mastitis subclínica sobre la fertilidad en vacas Holstein, criadas en el trópico alto
Authors: Malta García Yesenia Ivonne , Zambrano Juan José , Matute Deleg Tania Ximena , Pinos Rojas Erika Estefanía , Dutan Sanango Jorge Bolívar , Ayala Guanga Luis Eduardo
Published: February 2022

Effect of subclinical mastitis on fertility in Holstein cows, handling in the high tropics

Resumen

Se realizaron tres experimentos: 1) se evaluó  el  efecto  de  mastitis subclínica (MSC)  sobre  el  porcentaje  de  preñez (PP), tras la primera IA pos diagnóstico de MSC, se utilizaron dos grupos: T1=sanas (n=60); T2=con MSC (n=60). 2) se valoró el tamaño del folículo preovulatorio (FPO) y el porcentaje de ovulación (POV), en 40 vacas con MSC (T2) y 40 sanas (T1), se aplicó un protocolo convencional de IATF para valorar el tamaño del FPO y PVO. 3) se determinó el nivel de estradiol (E2) en sangre y líquido folicular, en 10 vacas sanas (T1) y 10 con MSC (T2). Se observó un 68,3% de PP en T1 y T2 el 48,3% (P<0,05). El FPO de T1 (16,2±0,29 mm) fue similar a T2 (15,9±0,39 mm; P>0,05). El POV fue >T1 (61,9%) vs T2 (38,1%) (P<0,05). El E2 en plasma de T1 (55,4±2,28 pg/ml) y T2 (66,1±3,39 pg/ml) difirieron (P<0,05). En líquido folicular el E2 fue >T2 (1760,1±46,4 pg/ml) vs T1 (1486,9±69,8 pg/ml). La MSC reduce en un 20% el PP; sin embargo, esta no guarda relación con el tamaño del FPO, pero si reduce un 23,8% de ovulaciones, posiblemente relacionado con mayor concentración de estradiol tanto en suero como en líquido folicular.

Palabras claves: Folículo preovulatorio; Líquido folicular; suero; Estradiol; ovulación

Abstract

Three experiments were carried out: 1) the effect of subclinical mastitis (MSC) on the percentage of pregnancy (PP) was evaluated. After the first AI after MSC diagnosis, two groups were used: T1 = healthy (n = 60); T2 = with MSC (n = 60). 2) The pre-ovulatory follicle size (FPO) and the ovulation percentage (POV) were valued, in 40 cows with MSC (T2) and 40 healthy (T1) a conventional IATF protocol was applied to assess the size of the FPO and PVO. 3) The level of estradiol (E2) in blood and follicular fluid was determined in 10 healthy cows (T1) and 10 with MSC (T2). 68.3% PP was observed in T1 and T2 48.3% (P <0.05). The FPO of T1 (16.2 ± 0.29 mm) was similar to T2 (15.9 ± 0.39 mm; P> 0.05). The POV was> T1 (61.9%) vs T2 (38.1%; P<0.05). The E2 of T1 (55.4 ± 2.28) and T2 (66.1 ± 3.39 pg / ml) differed (P <0.05). In follicular fluid, E2 was> T2 (1760.1 ± 46.4 pg / ml) vs T1 (1486.9 ± 69.8 pg/ml). MSC reduces PP by 20%; however, this is not related to the size of the FPO, but it does reduce ovulations by 23.8%, possibly related to a higher concentration of estradiol in both serum and follicular fluid.

Keywords: Pre-ovulatory follicle; Follicular fluid; serum; Estradiol; ovulation.
Case study: Mitigation of the road noise of a passenger vehicle by determination of critical paths via transfer path analysis
Authors: Yıldız Mehdi , Özkan Aytekin , Ateş Halil , Ayvaz Ahmet , Küçük Traki
Published: February 2022

The acoustic comfort level of a passenger vehicle is one of the most critical factors that affect customer preferences before purchasing. Recent studies on refining the engine noise lead to a more evident panorama for tire and wind noise due to the elimination of the masking effect
of the engine. Furthermore, replacing the internal combustion engine with the electric motor will also push road noise to be the primary noise factor in vehicles. In this study, the road noise phenomenon is analyzed for both structure-borne and air-borne paths. Transfer path analyses and panel
contribution analyses were performed on a reference vehicle to identify the main paths of road noise. Solutions to improve road noise levels were determined accordingly. Finally, improvements were confirmed by physical tests and subjective evaluations.
Case study: Numerical study of the noise reduction characteristics of corrugated perforated pipe mufflers
Authors: Hou Zhenhua , Xu Tanghong , Zhang Zhijun , Sun Jiyu
Published: February 2022

Resistant mufflers are commonly used in the wide band noise control of the exhaust of tractor internal combustion engines due to their simple structure, broadband frequency performance and long service life. In this paper, a corrugated perforated pipe muffler was proposed based on an
improved design of a straight-through perforated pipe muffler to reduce the exhaust noise of internal combustion engines. The acoustic attenuation performance of the corrugated perforated tube muffler under the action of nonuniform flow and a temperature gradient was predicted by using the
one-way flow-acoustic coupling method, which combines computational fluid dynamics and the acoustic finite element method. The pressure loss and self-noise of the corrugated perforated tube muffler were compared with those of the straight-through perforated tube muffler. The influence of the
structural parameters of the corrugated perforated tube mufflers on the transmission loss was analyzed. The significance level of the perforation diameter, peak height, distance between adjacent peaks, and peak width on the transmission loss of the corrugated perforated tube muffler was studied
by multiple linear regression analysis.
On the acoustic radiation of all edges free rectangular thin plate
Authors: Ertürk Firat , Erol Haluk
Published: February 2022

In this study, transverse vibrations and acoustic radiation of an all-edges-free baffled rectangular thin plate are examined by Rayleigh's formulation. While the Rayleigh-Ritz method is applicable for a wide variety of boundary condition combinations, in this study, the method is used
for evaluating the modal characteristics of an all edges free plate. Acoustic pressure levels are calculated by Rayleigh's acoustic formula for a free field. This study provides a quick formula for those who are interested in calculating the sound pressure of a baffled plate on a specific
point for a free field while only requiring the vibration of the surface to be expressed in terms of 2D power series. The results obtained from the formula are compared with the finite element analysis results.
Segmented ROSI method: Beamforming method for investigating turbomachinery noise sources along segmented trajectories
Authors: Zhang Haitian , Kocsis Bálint , Horváth Csaba
Published: February 2022

The rotating source identifier (ROSI) beamforming method is a method designed for localizing rotating noise sources in a uniform flow based on out-of-flow acoustic pressure field measurement data. It has been developed for sources moving along a circular trajectory, such as turbomachinery
blades. The original ROSI method processes the measured acoustic signals over a long time segment to reconstruct the noise sources, providing time-averaged results for each noise source. By doing so, it does not take into consideration certain features of the noise sources, such as the directivity
of the trailing edge and leading-edge noise sources. A further development of the ROSI method is presented herein, which separates the sound-pressure signal of one revolution into multiple segments. In this way, the beamforming maps can provide one with a better understanding of the differences
between the noise sources as a function of angular position. This method will be referred to herein as the segmented ROSI method. The goal of this further development is to improve the capability of the method in identifying the position-dependent modulations of the various noise sources as
they are moving along their trajectories, rotating around the axis. The investigation presents the theory behind the new segmented ROSI method along with simulation and measurement-based test cases which help in comparing the new method to the original ROSI method. The results show that the
novel method provides a strong tool for investigating turbomachinery noise sources that vary along segments of their trajectories. It is therefore expected that the tool will be useful in cases that look at turbomachinery from an angle and cases where the loading of the blades changes as a
function of angular position.
Power transformer excitation force estimation for load noise reduction using experimental apparatus based on beamforming theory
Authors: Choi Yo-Seb , Hong Suk-Yoon , Song Jee-Hun , Kwon Hyun-Wung , Kang Jee-Hwoon
Published: February 2022

To comply with noise regulations in residential areas, low-noise electrical transformers must be developed. However, it is difficult to accurately reflect the frequency characteristics of the transformer, which have a large influence on the noise produced, because the high voltage and
current make it impossible to experimentally measure the internal excitation forces involved. In this paper, we propose a new method using an experimental apparatus for estimating the internal excitation forces experienced by transformers whose results accurately reflect the actual frequency
characteristics of the transformer. To estimate the excitation force, the pressure distribution data outside the enclosure of a transformer was experimentally measured by the experimental apparatus based on a beamforming method, and the transfer function from the excitation source to the noise
radiation was derived numerically. The excitation force was then derived using the pressure distribution data and transfer function. Based on the estimated excitation force, the contribution of each vibration transmission path was derived using transfer path analysis with integrated transfer
function matrix as a basis for creating an effective noise reduction plan. The noise reduction plan based on our method was able to reduce transformer noise sufficiently to meet the noise standard set in standard transformer export contracts.
Empoderamiento en estudiantes universitarios de enfermería desde la percepción del clima organizacional
Authors: Scarsi Maratuech Rossana Mirtha , Pérez Gutarra Guillermina Delia , Cristobal Tembladera Carolina Mercedes
Published: February 2022

El  empoderamiento  en  estudiantes  universitarios  de  enfermería,  es  una  oportunidad  para  posicionar  la  profesión.  Objetivo. Determinar la relación que existe entre empoderamiento y clima organizacional en estudiantes universitarios de enfermería. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio correlacional, transversal, realizado en Huancayo, Perú, entre marzo y diciembre de 2018. La población estuvo conformada por 189 estudiantes de enfermería, y el tamaño de la muestra (n=166) se obtuvo con la fórmula para muestras finitas y el muestreo fue aleatorio simple. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado por cada variable. Para el análisis de datos, se empleó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial, se trabajó con el software IBM SPSS Statistics 24, se aplicó para la contratación de hipótesis el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r). Resultados. El 58,43% y el 39,15%, muestran un nivel de empoderamiento medio y alto y el 84,34% perciben que el clima organizacional en el espacio académico es medianamente favorable, lo que determina una relación directa entre el empoderamiento y clima organizacional en estudiantes de enfermería (0,335), significativa (p = 0,000 < 0,05). Conclusiones. Se demuestra que existe relación directa entre empoderamiento y clima organizacional, al evidenciar un alto porcentaje de estudiantes universitarios de enfermería que perciben nivel medio en ambas variables, lo cual puede ser considerado como una brecha para el desarrollo personal y profesional del estudiante y de la organización.
BUDAYA ETIS ORGANISASI, KEEFEKTIFAN SISTEM PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL, DAN PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP TERJADINYA FRAUD DI SEKTOR PEMERINTAHAN (Persepsi Pegawai Organisasi Perangkat Daerah Kota Tangerang)
Authors: Tua Pohan Dian Maruli
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze and examine the influence of organizational ethical culture, internal control and law enforcement on the occurrence of fraud. The population in this study were all employees of the Regional Apparatus Organization (RAO) in Tangerang City, totaling 24 RAOs. The sample in this study using convenience sampling technique as many as 110 respondents. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire survey: The type of data used in this study is original data that was collected by sending a questionnaire survey to respondents. This research is a type of quantitative research, which is research that focuses on using statistical analysis tools to test hypotheses and draw general conclusions. The data analysis technique used the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Data sources are the opinions and perceptions of every personnel in the Regional Apparatus Organization (RAO who are responsible for making or compiling financial reports. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The ethical culture of the organization has a significant negative effect on the occurrence of fraud. 2) The effectiveness of the internal control system has a significant negative effect on the occurrence of fraud. 3) Law enforcement has a significant negative effect on the occurrence of fraud.

Keywords: Organizational Ethical Culture, Internal Control Systems, Law Enforcement, Fraud
FACTOR PLANNING OF AN EXPERIMENT FOR ESTIMATING THE OPTIMAL PROPERTIES OF HEAT PROTECTIVE COATINGS ON DETAILS OF A CYLINDER-PISTON GROUP OF DIESEL ENGINES
Authors: Al-Bdeiri Mahmud , Krasilnikov Vladimir , Kadirmetov Anvar , Sergeev Sergei
Published: February 2022

A technology is proposed for creating heat-protective wear-resistant coatings on the sur-face of CPG parts made of AK12MMgN alloy using galvanoplasma modification of microarc oxidation. For this purpose, a complete three-factor experiment of type 23 was carried out in the form of semi-replicas of coating deposition. The dependences of the thickness, microhardness, wear resistance and porosity of the galvanoplasma coating on the technological parameters of the process have been established. This technology appears to be effective as it reduces fuel consumption by 5-7 % and increases engine power by 8 % while ensuring optimal properties of the heat-shielding layer.
PULSE-SHOCK TREATMENT OF NARROWING INTER-PUMP CHANNELS
Authors: Nekrylov Andrey , Kodentsev Sergei , Rodionov Alexander
Published: February 2022

The methodology and technological support of the specified parameters of the surface of a narrow narrowing channel with a twist along the radius and the regulations for the design of combined pulse-force hardening operations have been created, a new patentable techno-logical process for strengthening narrow nar-rowing curved channels by combined pulse-shock action with the promotion of a free tool (spherical granules) in low-frequency oscilla-tion conditions has been developed.
Salem Semmanur Nagara Chettiayar’s Cultural Rituals – Ethnographical Research
Authors: S Ramya
Published: February 2022

In ethnic social life each race has its differences due to the environment in which they live. Some common customs are found in all communities. Transition in cultural life is natural. It is human nature to set each of the transitions in relation to a ritual. Salem Chemmanur Chettiars perform biological rituals during each transition. Human life is characterized by various transitions from birth to death. Rituals and beliefs are found in every community. Putting the sugar water on the baby at birth is seen as a ritual. These rituals are performed according to the developmental stage of the child as he or she grows to a certain size, such as a hemisphere rope around the waist. Such rituals are common among the girl child and some other rituals are performed as she grows up. Women perform the flowering ritual during flowering. Booppu ritual is seen as a defilement ritual. Poop is the first menstrual period. The flower is a sign that the woman has become fertile. This event is considered as an important transformation of life. Like this, wedding ceremonies are considered to be the primary transition ceremony. Death rites are the final event of human life. Various such rituals are observed in the lives of the Chettiars of Salem Semmanur.
La democracia indígena en América Latina. Experiencias de los procesos electorales de 2021
Authors: Manuel Gustavo Ocampo Muñoa
Published: February 2022

El presente documento pretende coadyuvar en la promoción y difusión de la cultura democrática y generar reflexión sobre la realidad política y social en los países del continente americano mediante el análisis de la representación política de los pueblos originarios, derivada de los procesos electorales de 2021, tomando como referencia los celebrados en Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Perú y México. Lo anterior mediante la identificación de las buenas y malas prácticas en los comicios en relación con los derechos políticos reconocidos a los mencionados pueblos, con la intención de demostrar la urgencia de un principio electoral que promueva el fair play desde el pluralismo jurídico.
¿Censurar o no censurar? Dilema sobre el control de mensajes y propaganda
Authors: Andrei Cambronero Torres
Published: February 2022

El artículo desarrolla ante qué escenarios y de qué forma la autoridad electoral podría controlar el contenido de propaganda y de otro tipo de manifestaciones, cuando estas no se corresponden con la verdad o cuando transgreden los marcos de corrección dados por las normas nacionales e internacionales. Sobre esa línea, se propone una adaptación de la prueba del umbral desarrollada por el Plan de Acción Rabat a fin de que sirva de guía para los ejercicios de control que, en esta materia, deben hacer los organismos electorales.
Ampliación de derechos políticos de los extranjeros en Costa Rica
Authors: Aura M. Bonilla-Bravo
Published: February 2022

Los procesos migratorios han ido evolucionando en los últimos años. La mayoría de las personas migrantes deciden hacerlo por razones económicas, llevando consigo a su familia y estableciendo un arraigo en el nuevo país de destino. Y precisamente por el arraigo que se desarrolla es importante permitir que la legislación los reconozca como los sujetos de derechos y obligaciones que son, en todos los ámbitos y no simplemente como destinatarios sin voz y mucho menos sin voto en los asuntos públicos. El concepto de ciudadanía, tan arraigado siempre al lugar de nacimiento y a la mayoría de edad, debido a las migraciones y a la globalización ya no puede entenderse de la misma forma. El objeto de este ensayo es abrir la discusión sobre las nuevas formas en que se están entendiendo en otras partes del mundo la ciudadanía y las oportunidades que puede tener el país al respecto.
COVID-19, teorías conspirativas y epistemología política
Authors: Lariguet Guillermo , Yuan María Sol
Published: February 2022

El presente trabajo se ocupa del problema de la pandemia del COVID 19 desde el punto de vista de una epistemología política. En particular, se analizará la validez de las teorías conspirativas relacionadas con el origen, existencia y premeditación de la COVID 19, así como de la efectividad y legitimidad de las vacunas desarrolladas para frenar su avance. Con tal finalidad, el desarrollo del trabajo se centra en lo que denominamos el problema de la “formulación” que subyace a las teorías conspirativas, analizándolo en dos dimensiones vinculadas. La primera dimensión de índole epistémica imprime un criterio de demarcación para la racionalidad de las teorías basadas en el criterio de falsación. La segunda dimensión acentúa un aspecto político analizado desde el criterio de la razonabilidad de las teorías. Ambos aspectos contribuyen a señalar que bajo diferentes grados de irracionalidad e i-razonabilidad, las teorías conspirativas en torno a la pandemia dejan al mundo de lado, sea esto comprendido en términos de la base empírica que le sirve de sostén o del espacio público democrático necesario para su deliberación.
Medea en Thomas Hobbes
Authors: Arbuet Osuna Camila
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo indaga en los usos de la tragedia de Medea como representación de la sedición en la política del siglo XVII, especialmente en la obra de Hobbes quien inserta el mito con pequeñas modificaciones tres veces en su obra. Nos interesa pensar esos corrimientos semánticos en el uso de una tragedia que por múltiples motivos –sobre los que volveremos– funciona como un catalizador epocal de los peligros políticos y morales con los que se carga simbólicamente al regicidio. Esta función constante, que se puede rastrear en las versiones de Eurípides, Séneca y Corneille, aúna de modo diferente –a través la historia– el par seducción y sedición que nos interesa reconstruir como elemento concomitante a una visión trágica de la política que atraviesa la matriz hobbesiana. Finalmente, exploraremos cómo la tragedia clásica es utilizada por Bramhall en su debate con Hobbes propiciando un contacto entre la lectura trágica y la lectura herética del filósofo.
La polarización política como problema de salud pública durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Suárez-Ruíz Ernesto Joaquín
Published: February 2022

La polarización política, tal como se manifiesta en numerosas sociedades actuales, evidencia ser un fenómeno fundado más en lo afectivo que en el pensamiento racional y el cotejo de evidencias. Según se ha investigado durante los últimos meses, dicho fenómeno se ha correlacionado con una falta de prevenciones del contagio de COVID-19 y con el desinterés o la negación de la relevancia de la vacunación. En consecuencia, la correlación mencionada evidencia que la polarización política hoy precisa ser pensada, al menos hasta cierto punto, como un problema de salud pública.
Libertad, resentimiento y pandemia
Authors: Alles Nicolás
Published: February 2022

En este artículo analizaré la concepción de la responsabilidad moral propuesta por P.F. Strawson en “Libertad y resentimiento”. Argumentaré que dicha concepción resulta pertinente para pensar algunos aspectos de la actual pandemia de Covid-19, en particular, aquellos referidos a la cooperación entre individuos y su dimensión afectiva.
¿Qué hace a la enfermería especial?
Authors: Federico Lucía , Giri Leandro , Pérez Silvia Gabriela
Published: February 2022

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos rastrear los causales históricos y epistemológicos de la construcción social de la imagen de la enfermería en pandemia por el COVID-19 donde los atributos heroicos y vocacionales de su praxis ocultan los científicos y tecnológicos. Para ello, comenzaremos por mostrar cómo históricamente se contrapuso el conocimiento “empírico” frente al teórico biomédico, la praxis tecnológica médica frente al “arte del cuidar”, bajo una jerarquización de las profesiones sobre los tradicionales roles de género. Luego demostraremos los modos en que la imagen romantizada de la enfermería se manifestó en lo que va de la pandemia, no sólo consolidando el statu quo de la profesión sino profundizándolo, al enfatizar una actitud heroica de quienes “están en la primera línea de batalla” en contraposición a los médicos que tomaban las decisiones. Finalmente analizaremos epistemológicamente lo que las teóricas de la enfermería entienden por "praxis enfermera" para elucidar qué se visibiliza y qué no de ella en la imagen constituida de la profesión.
The role of immunogenic clinical death in the virotherapy of malignant neoplasms
Authors: Gavrilov A.Y. , Sennikov I.A. , Kotenko A.E. , Koval M.Y. , Sharun S.N.
Published: February 2022

The work considers the main directions, results of experimental and clinical researches of a role of immunogenic cell death in verotherapy of malignant neoplasms. Cell death under the influence of oncolytic viruses, which occurred in the scenario of immunogenic cell death with the release of dangerously associated molecular patterns, was estimated. Clinical cases were divided by us into 2 types according to the method of activating the stress agent of the endoplasmic reticulum. Precisely those that influenced directly on structures inside the cell besides the endoplasmic reticulum, launching its stress indirectly through targets such as cytoplasmic proteins, membrane proteins and channels, proteins of the DNA replication system, and those that launched endoplasmic reticulum stress acting directly on the endoplasmic reticulum and breaking its work. The influence of oncolytic viruses on cells of malignant neoplasms is estimated. In our opinion, a significant positive difference between oncolytic viruses and other inducers of immunogenic cell death is that the infected cell with oncolytic viruses secretes pathogen-associated molecular patterns, which are structural molecules and waste products. Such additional stimulation may enhance the activity of immunocytes and increase the efficiency of antigen presentation. We have observed that cells with low-affinity T-cell receptors can escape negative selection, but their activity is usually insufficient to launch a full immune response due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment in the tumor. Immunogenic cell death may oppress this immunosuppression and increase the activity of the low-affinity clone of T lymphocytes for some time, but after the attenuation of immunogenic cell death, this pool is rapidly suppressed by the peripheral tolerogenic mechanisms and immunological memory hardly develops. In our opinion, this is especially actual for chemotherapeutic treatment regimens, because they have a limited duration due to the development of side effects. A detailed analysis of our own research and literature data allow to mention that oncolytic viruses seem to be an effective solution as an inducer of immunogenic cell death - they multiply in the tumor and cause immunogenic cell death for a long time while they are able to infect other tumor cells, which сonsequently allow recommending them as a stage of combined treatment of patients with oncopathology.

Keywords: oncology, cell death, immunogenic apoptosis, oncolytic viruses.
What anthropometric parameters affect the linear dimensions of left liver lobe?
Authors: Stepanyan Irina , Izranov Vladimir , Gordova Valentina , Stepanyan Stepan
Published: February 2022

The anthropometric parameters and linear ultrasound diameters of left liver lobe were taken in 212 adult healthy volunteers (90 men and 122 women). In men anthropometric parameters correlate with linear diameters of the left liver lobe much more than in women. Anteroposterior diameter of the left liver lobe increasingly correlates with anthropometric parameters both in men and women.The most significant correlations were detected both in men and women between anteroposterior diameter of the left liver lobe and body weight, body mass index and waist circumference
HYPOXIC BRAIN DAMAGEIN PREMATURE INFANTS (MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY)
Authors: Perepelitsa Svetlana , Golubev Arkady , Smerdova Elena
Published: February 2022

The aim of the study was to investigate the morphological signs of hypoxic damage to the central nervous system (CNS) in premature infants. Material and methods: The autopsy reports of 20 premature infants were analyzed. The mean gestational age was 25.9±3.7 weeks, median birth weight was 650 [535;940] grams, and height was 32.6±5.4 cm. We analyzed clinical assessment of the infant's condition at birth, the course of the neonatal period, blood gases and acid-base status, the mode and parameters of mechanical lung ventilation, as well as the oxygenation index (OI) and oxygen saturation index (OSI). Macroscopic and histological signs of damage to various brain structures were studied during pathological anatomical examination. Cortex, parietal subcortex, hippocampus, striatum, cerebellum, foci of hemorrhage were examined. Results: The main causes of mortality in premature infants were severe asphyxia and its sequelae such as combined ischemic and hemorrhagic brain and spinal cord damage (45%). Severe hypoxia was confirmed by laboratory investigations. Critical lactate and acid-base blood values corresponding to decompensated lactate acidosis were registered in newborns including hyperlactatemia up to 9±3.6 mmol/l, pH 7.01±0.21, BE (-12.3) [-30; -7.9] mmol/l. The OI and OSI, indicating severity of hypoxia, were significantly elevated with their medians being 13.7[9.6;19.8] and 31.8[9.6;16.2], respectively. All infants had central nervous system lesions of varying severity with the underlying morphological immaturity. Pericellular and perivascular cerebral edema, unilateral or bilateral subcortical and subependymal hemorrhages, intraventricular hemorrhages of various degrees, up to tamponade and blood leakage into the cisterna magna, and cerebral leukomalacia were the most frequent findings. In all patients, altered neuronal shape and size as well as hyperchromic nuclei were revealed in the subcortical zone. Changes in all cell structures (cytoplasm, nuclei, and nucleoli), as well as satellitosis and neuronophagy, were characteristic. Conclusion: Polymorphic morphological changes were observed in the brain structures of premature infants who died as a result of perinatal hypoxia. Along with signs of morphological immaturity, irreversible changes in cortical and subcortical neurons were found. The magnitude of changes is associated with the severity of perinatal hypoxia and decompensated lactate acidosis.
Profesionalisme Pengawas dalam Pengembangan Mutu Guru Madrasah
Authors: Masrullah Fitriah , Ghufron Ghufron
Published: February 2022

Pengawas madrasah merupakan sumberdaya yang seyogyanya memiliki keunggulan dan kapasitas di atas rata-rata guru lainnya. Pengawas dituntut untuk senantiasa memberikan bantuan dan layanan kepada personel guru serta membina dan mengembangkan madrasah yang efektif, efisien, dan bermutu, serta bermartabat. Penelitian ini merupa-kan kajian pustaka dengan menggunakan studi dokumenter dalam pengumpulan data, sedangkan analisis datanya menggunakan analisis isi.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa problematika kepengawasan dan pengembanagan mutu madrasah terletak pada kurangnya komitemen bersama untuk bisa menjadi lebih baik. Oleh karena itu, peningkatan mutu pendidikan memerlukan komitmen yang tinggi dari semua komponen yang menjadi penggerak madrasah tersebut. Tiap langkah dalam mewujudkan mutu pendidikan yang baik di madrasah memerlukan  kedisiplinan, tanggung jawab, dan komitmen kolektif.
Kata kunci: madrasah, mutu guru, profesionalisme pengawas
The madrasah supervisor is a resource that should have an advantage and a capacity above the average teacher. Supervisors are required to provide constant help and service to teacher personnel and to build and develop effective, efficient, and high-quality madrasah and dignity. The study was a library research using a documentary technique in data collection, while its data analysis used content analysis. The results of this study showed that management and stewardship lied in the lack of mutual commitment to improve. Therefore, improved education required high commitment from all the components that drive the madrasah. Each step in achieving a good education in the madrasah required discipline, responsibility, and a collective commitment.
Kebijakan Pengembangan Guru di Era Society 5.0
Authors: Hermawan Iwan , Supiana Supiana , Zakiah Qiqi Yuliati
Published: February 2022

Era society 5.0 merupakan kelanjutan dari era revolusi industri 4.0 yang lebih menonjolkan sisi humanisme dalam menyelesaikan masalah-masalah sosial termasuk pendidikan dengan mengintegrasikan antara virtual dan realita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis kebijakan pemerintah tentang pengembangan guru di era society 5.0 dengan mengunakan sumber data atau referensi yang berupa buku, jurnal, prosiding dan lain-lain yang secara umum disebut library research. Terdapat beberapa kondisi dan penyebab dari rendahnya kualitas profesi guru, antara lain:  1) Belum tercapainya standarisasi kualifikasi akademik guru minimal D4/S1 sebagaimana tercantum dalam Permendiknas Nomor 16 Tahun 2007, 2) Pengembangan kompetensi guru yang seringkali terhambat karena faktor internal dan eksternal, 3) Rekrutmen guru yang tidak efektif,4) Kesejahteraan guru berupa penghasilan yang masih sangat kecil dan tidak sebanding dengan tugas guru sebagai pembentuk watak dan peradaban manusia.Walaupun kebijakan-kebijakan strategis dari pemerintah yang berkaitan dengan keempathal tersebut sudah ada, namun implementasinya masih sangat kurang apalagi jika dihubungkan dengan kebutuhan era society 5.0 yang menuntut profesionalisme guru yang handal dalam menyiapkan generasi unggul masa kini dan masa yang akan datang.
Kata kunci: kebijakan pemerintah, pengembangan guru, era society 5.0
The era of society 5.0 is a continuation of the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 which further emphasizes the side of humanism in solving social problems including education by integrating virtual and reality. This study aims to analyze government policies on teacher development in the era of society 5.0 by using data sources or references in the form of books, journals, proceedings, and others which are generally called library research. There are several conditions and causes for the low quality of the teaching profession, including: 1) The standardization of minimum academic qualifications of D4/S1 teachers has not been achieved as stated in Permendiknas No. 16 of 2007, 2) Teacher competence is often hampered due to internal and external factors, 3) Ineffective teacher recruitment, 4) Teacher welfare in the form of income which is still very small and not comparable to the teacher's duty as a form of human character and civilization. Even though strategic policies from the government relating to these five things already exist, their implementation is still lacking, especially when connected with the needs of the 5.0 era society which demands reliable professionalism in preparing superior generations today and in the future.
ANALISIS STABILITAS DAN DESAIN PERKUATAN LERENG KAWASAN SENTUL CITY
Authors: Nuryanto
Published: February 2022

Keruntuhan pada lereng salah satunya diakibatkan karena beban dinamik. Banyak metode penentuan sabilitas lereng dinamik yang selama ini digunakan dalam perencanaan stabilitas lereng, tetapi masing – masing metode analisis mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan. Salah satu metode sederhana dan banyak digunakan adalah analisis dinamik secara statik ekuivalen dimana percepatan gempa yang sebenarnya bersifat tidak beraturan di rubah menjadi sebuah gaya lateral. Metode ini memerlukan faktor reduksi gempa sebagai konversi beban dinamik ke dalam beban statik ekuivalen. Wilayah sentul merupakan salah satu daerah yang dekat dengan kawasan puncak bogor yang merupakan daerah pegunungan, dengan kondisi seperti itu membuat stabilitas tanah pada area tersebut tidak cukup stabil untuk menahan kondisi statik maupun dinamik, sehingga diperlukan analisis stabilitas lereng. Penelitian ini meninjau kondisi lereng di kawasan sentul, dimana pada area tersebut mengalami kerusakan jalan akibat tidak stabilnya lereng dan kondisi tanah. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode dnamik dan statik dengan bantuan perangkat lunak PLAXIS dan perangkat lunak pendukung lain, didapatkan solusi perkuatan lereng dengan menggunakan soldier pile diameter 180 cm dengan jarak antar tiang 3 meter dan kedalaman 35 meter, diameter 100 cm dengan jarak antar tiang 2 meter dan kedalaman 18 meter.