bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator System With Separate Design to Improve Efficiency for Working Function of Electric Wheel Loader
Authors: Qiao Yihan , Wu Jiaming , Wang Feng , Xu Bing
Published: October 2024

Powertrain electrification is an effective solution to reducing emissions of construction machinery. However, working function of current electric wheel loaders still employs electric motors paired with centralized load-sensing system. The system suffers from low energy efficiency because of valve throttling losses. The electro-hydrostatic actuator (EHA) emerges as an efficient way to enhance energy efficiency. The velocity of actuator is controlled by electric motor or pump directly, eliminating throttling losses from control valve. Therefore, a separate electro-hydrostatic actuator system is proposed for working function of electric wheel loader, to prevent additional load and utilize commercially available hydraulic components. Modeling and parameter design are conducted. A mode-based control strategy is developed. The simulation study is carried out to verify the feasibility of system and control strategy. The system performance and energy comparison between proposed system and centralized load-sensing baseline system are conducted. Results demonstrate the efficiency of proposed system improves from 37.6% to 71.9% compared to baseline system.
Flow Ripple Reduction of Axial Piston Pump With Pre-Compression Volume and Embedded Sequence Valve
Authors: Wang Renyuan , Xu Yuanzhi , Jiao Zongxia , Cao Angran , Wan Xiaofei , Yu Tian
Published: October 2024

In the aircraft hydraulic system, constant pressure piston pump, as the main power supply component, is widely utilized due to its high power efficiency. The flow ripple caused by the axial piston pump may induce pipe vibration and lower hydraulic components’ reliability, which becomes an especially concerned issue. Compared with the traditional relief groove, the pre-compression volume (PCV) used in piston pumps could pre-charge the piston chamber’s pressure to reduce the backflow more evidently. However, the pressure in PCV is affected by system pressure, pump speed and swashplate angle, which refer to the discharge pressure, the time duration of this transient and the volume of piston chamber, respectively. In the piston pump’s constant pressure zone, the discharge pressure is higher at zero swashplate angle compared with that at full swashplate angle, while PCV needs lower pressure to charge the piston chamber because its volume is smaller. For the purpose of flow ripple reduction for different swashplate angles, this study proposes to employ an embedded sequence valve (ESV), with open neutral position, placed between PCV and discharge port. The opening of ESV becomes smaller when the discharge pressure goes higher. This design could change the pressure in PCV automatically and help reduce the piston chamber’s backflow. Based on the modelling of PCV type pump, the mathematical model of pump’s flow ripple including the pump with PCV type pump with ESV is established. The key parameters of the valve are investigated and designed. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of the proposed pump is established, and the numerical validation of different working statuses is carried out. The result indicates that significant flow ripple reduction and pressure pulsation reduction at different pump displacements are achieved.
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation drives senescence
Authors: Yamauchi Shota , Sugiura Yuki , Yamaguchi Junji , Zhou Xiangyu , Takenaka Satoshi , Odawara Takeru , Fukaya Shunsuke , Fujisawa Takao , Naguro Isao , Uchiyama Yasuo , Takahashi Akiko , Ichijo Hidenori
Published: October 2024

Cellular senescence is a stress-induced irreversible cell cycle arrest involved in tumor suppression and aging. Many stresses, such as telomere shortening and oncogene activation, induce senescence by damaging nuclear DNA. However, the mechanisms linking DNA damage to senescence remain unclear. Here, we show that DNA damage response (DDR) signaling to mitochondria triggers senescence. A genome-wide small interfering RNA screen implicated the outer mitochondrial transmembrane protein BNIP3 in senescence induction. We found that BNIP3 is phosphorylated by the DDR kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and contributes to an increase in the number of mitochondrial cristae. Stable isotope labeling metabolomics indicated that the increase in cristae enhances fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to acetyl–coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). This promotes histone acetylation and expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16
INK4a
. Notably, pharmacological activation of FAO alone induced senescence both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, mitochondrial energy metabolism plays a critical role in senescence induction and is a potential intervention target to control senescence.
Structural basis for regulation of a CBASS-CRISPR-Cas defense island by a transmembrane anti-σ factor and its ECF σ partner
Authors: Bernal-Bernal Diego , Pantoja-Uceda David , López-Alonso Jorge Pedro , López-Rojo Alfonso , López-Ruiz José Antonio , Galbis-Martínez Marisa , Ochoa-Lizarralde Borja , Tascón Igor , Elías-Arnanz Montserrat , Ubarretxena-Belandia Iban , Padmanabhan S.
Published: October 2024

How CRISPR-Cas and cyclic oligonucleotide–based antiphage signaling systems (CBASS) are coordinately deployed against invaders remains unclear. We show that a locus containing two CBASS and one type III-B CRISPR-Cas system, regulated by the transmembrane anti-σ DdvA and its cognate extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ DdvS, can defend
Myxococcus xanthus
against a phage. Cryo–electron microscopy reveals DdvA-DdvS pairs assemble as arrow-shaped transmembrane dimers. Each DdvA periplasmic domain adopts a separase/craspase-type tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)–caspase HetF–associated with TPR (TPR-CHAT) architecture with an incomplete His-Cys active site, lacking three α-helices conserved among CHAT domains. Each active site faces the dimer interface, raising the possibility that signal-induced caspase-like DdvA autoproteolysis in trans precedes RseP-mediated intramembrane proteolysis and DdvS release. Nuclear magnetic resonance reveals a DdvA cytoplasmic CHCC-type zinc-bound three-helix bundle that binds to DdvS σ
2
and σ
4
domains, undergoing σ
4
-induced helix extension to trap DdvS. Altogether, we provide structural-mechanistic insights into membrane anti–σ-ECF σ regulation of an antiviral CBASS-CRISPR-Cas defense island.
Bayesian electron density determination from sparse and noisy single-molecule X-ray scattering images
Authors: Schultze Steffen , Grubmüller Helmut
Published: October 2024

Single molecule x-ray scattering experiments using free-electron lasers hold the potential to resolve biomolecular structures and structural ensembles. However, molecular electron density determination has so far not been achieved because of low photon counts, high noise levels, and low hit rates. Most approaches therefore focus on large specimen like entire viruses, which scatter sufficiently many photons to allow orientation determination of each image. Small specimens like proteins, however, scatter too few photons for the molecular orientations to be determined. Here, we present a rigorous Bayesian approach to overcome these limitations, additionally taking into account intensity fluctuations, beam polarization, irregular detector shapes, incoherent scattering, and background scattering. We demonstrate using synthetic scattering images that electron density determination of small proteins is possible in this extreme high noise Poisson regime. Tests on published virus data achieved the detector-limited resolution of 9 nm, using only 0.01% of the available photons per image.
Accelerated Alzheimer’s Aβ-42 secondary nucleation chronologically visualized on fibril surfaces
Authors: Nirmalraj Peter Niraj , Bhattacharya Shayon , Thompson Damien
Published: October 2024

Protein fibril surfaces tend to generate toxic oligomers catalytically. To date, efforts to study the accelerated aggregation steps involved with Alzheimer’s disease–linked amyloid-β (Aβ)–42 proteins on fibril surfaces have mainly relied on fluorophore-based analytics. Here, we visualize rare secondary nucleation events on the surface of Aβ-42 fibrils from embryonic to endpoint stages using liquid-based atomic force microscopy. Nanoscale imaging supported by atomic-scale molecular simulations tracked the adsorption and proliferation of oligomeric assemblies at nonperiodically spaced catalytic sites on the fibril surface. Upon confirming that fibril edges are preferential binding sites for oligomers during embryonic stages, the secondary fibrillar size changes were quantified during the growth stages. Notably, a small population of fibrils that displayed higher surface catalytic activity was identified as superspreaders. Profiling secondary fibrils during endpoint stages revealed a nearly threefold increase in their surface corrugation, a parameter we exploit to classify fibril subpopulations.
One-step high-speed thermal-electric aerosol printing of piezoelectric bio-organic films for wirelessly powering bioelectronics
Authors: Li Xuemu , Zhang Zhuomin , Zheng Yi , Liao Junchen , Peng Zehua , Li Pengyu , Yang Xiaodan , Yan Xiaodong , Hong Ying , Liu Shiyuan , Shan Yao , Khoo Bee Luan , Yang Zhengbao
Published: October 2024

Piezoelectric biomaterials hold a pivotal role in the progression of bioelectronics and biomedicine, owing to their remarkable electromechanical properties, biocompatibility, and bioresorbability. However, their technological potential is restrained by certain challenges, including precise manipulation of nanobiomolecules, controlling their growth across nano-to-macro hierarchy, and tuning desirable mechanical properties. We report a high-speed thermal-electric driven aerosol (TEA) printing method capable of fabricating piezoelectric biofilms in a singular step. Electrohydrodynamic aerosolizing and in situ electrical poling allow instantaneous tuning of the spatial organization of biomolecular inks. We demonstrate TEA printing of β-glycine/polyvinylpyrrolidone films, and such films exhibit the piezoelectric voltage coefficient of 190 × 10
−3
volt-meters per newton, surpassing that of industry-standard lead zirconate titanate by approximately 10-fold. Furthermore, these films demonstrate nearly two orders of magnitude improvement in mechanical flexibility compared to glycine crystals. We also demonstrate the ultrasonic energy harvesters based on the biofilms, providing the possibility of wirelessly powering bioelectronics.
Stepwise virus assembly in the cell nucleus revealed by spatiotemporal click chemistry of DNA replication
Authors: Gomez-Gonzalez Alfonso , Burkhardt Patricia , Bauer Michael , Suomalainen Maarit , Mateos José María , Loehr Morten O. , Luedtke Nathan W. , Greber Urs F.
Published: October 2024

Biomolecular assemblies are fundamental to life and viral disease. The spatiotemporal coordination of viral replication and assembly is largely unknown. Here, we developed a dual-color click chemistry procedure for imaging adenovirus DNA (vDNA) replication in the cell nucleus. Late- but not early-replicated vDNA was packaged into virions. Early-replicated vDNA segregated from the viral replication compartment (VRC). Single object tracking, superresolution microscopy, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, and correlative light-electron microscopy revealed a stepwise assembly program involving vDNA and capsid intermediates. Depending on replication and the scaffolding protein 52K, late-replicated vDNA with rapidly exchanging green fluorescent protein–tagged capsid linchpin protein V and incomplete virions emerged from the VRC periphery. These nanogel-like puncta exhibited restricted movements and were located with the capsid proteins hexon, VI, and virions in the nuclear periphery, suggestive of sites for virion formation. Our findings identify VRC dynamics and assembly intermediates, essential for stepwise productive adenovirus morphogenesis.
Enhanced flight performance and adaptive evolution of Mesozoic giant cicadas
Authors: Xu Chunpeng , Chen Jun , Muijres Florian T. , Yu Yilun , Jarzembowski Edmund A. , Zhang Haichun , Wang Bo
Published: October 2024

Insects have evolved diverse ecological flight behaviors and adaptations that played a key role in their large-scale evolutionary patterns. However, the evolution of their flight performance is poorly understood because reconstructing flight abilities of extinct insects is highly challenging. Here, we propose an integrated approach to reveal the evolution of flight performance of Palaeontinidae (giant cicadas), a Mesozoic arboreal insect clade with large bodies and wings. Our analyses unveil a faunal turnover from early to late Palaeontinidae during the latest Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous, accompanied by a morphological adaptive shift and remarkable improvement in flight abilities including increased flight speed and enhanced maneuverability. The adaptive aerodynamic evolution of Palaeontinidae may have been stimulated by the rise of early birds, supporting the hypothesis of an aerial evolutionary arms race (Air Race) between Palaeontinidae and birds. Our results provide a potential example of predator-induced morphological and behavioral macroevolution and contribute to our understanding of how powered flight has shaped animal evolution.
Gastrointestinal germinal center B cell depletion and reduction in IgA
+
plasma cells in HIV-1 infection
Authors: Cossarini Francesca , Shang Joan , Krek Azra , Al-Taie Zainab , Hou Ruixue , Canales-Herrerias Pablo , Tokuyama Minami , Tankelevich Michael , Tillowitz Adam , Jha Divya , Livanos Alexandra E. , Leyre Louise , Uzzan Mathieu , Martinez-Delgado Gustavo , Taylor Matthew D. , Sharma Keshav , Bourgonje Arno R. , Cruz Michael , Ioannou Giorgio , Dawson Travis , D'Souza Darwin , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Akm Ahmed , Aberg Judith A. , Chen Benjamin K. , Kwon Douglas S. , Gnjatic Sacha , Polydorides Alexandros D. , Cerutti Andrea , Argmann Carmen , Vujkovic-Cvijin Ivan , Suarez-Fariñas Mayte , Petralia Francesca , Faith Jeremiah J. , Mehandru Saurabh
Published: October 2024

Gastrointestinal (GI) B cells and plasma cells (PCs) are critical to mucosal homeostasis and the host response to HIV-1 infection. Here, high-resolution mapping of human B cells and PCs sampled from the colon and ileum during both viremic and suppressed HIV-1 infection identified a reduction in germinal center (GC) B cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) during HIV-1 viremia. Immunoglobulin A–positive (IgA
+
) PCs are the major cellular output of intestinal GCs and were significantly reduced during viremic HIV-1 infection. PC-associated transcriptional perturbations, including type I interferon signaling, persisted in antiretroviral therapy (ART)–treated individuals, suggesting ongoing disruption of the intestinal immune milieu during ART. GI humoral immune perturbations were associated with changes in the intestinal microbiome composition and systemic inflammation. These findings highlight a key immune defect in the GI mucosa due to HIV-1 viremia.
Supplemental Material: Giant polygonal anhydrite ridges in the Southern Permian Basin
Authors: Głuszyński Andrzej , al. et
Published: October 2024

Description of geophysical data and additional figures with results of their interpretation. 
Supplemental Material: Fluid-fluxed melting of juvenile lower crust traced by molybdenum isotopes
Authors: Xia You-Shan , Gao Peng , Sun Guo-Chao , Zhao Zi-Fu , al. et
Published: October 2024

Geological background and sample descriptions, Methods, Figures S1–S9, Tables S1–S6, and other references cited.  
The geometry of fault reactivation and uplift along the central part of the Maacama Fault Zone, Northern California Coast Ranges (USA)
Authors: Melosh Benjamin L. , McLaughlin Robert J. , Ohlin Henry N.
Published: October 2024

Fault reactivation of bedrock structures in active fault zones influences stress state and earthquake rupture phenomena through the introduction of weak slip surfaces that impact fault zone geometry and width. Yet, geometric relationships between modern faults and older reactivated faults are difficult to quantify in rocks that have experienced multiple deformation episodes. We used new geologic mapping, geomorphic tools, and structural modeling to quantify rock uplift and subsurface fault geometry of the central part of the Maacama Fault Zone near Ukiah, California, USA, and the surrounding area. Results suggest that the northern Mayacamas Mountains are in a tectonically driven disequilibrium, with differential rock uplift focused on the western side of the range. Steeply east-dipping fault surfaces and splays characterize the geometry of the Maacama Fault Zone. We mapped two newly identified faults to the east of the main Maacama Fault, the Cow Mountain–Mill Creek Fault, and Willow Creek Fault, which align with a moderately east-dipping cluster of microseismicity between 4–10 km depth beneath the Mayacamas Mountains. Static stress modeling on the Maacama Fault Zone and newly identified faults to the east quantify slip tendency values of 0.5–0.4, which suggests that the faults are moderately to poorly suited for slip in the modern stress field and may be weak. We infer that modern uplift is driven by oblique reverse, up-to-the-east, dip-slip motion on the reactivated Cenozoic Cow Mountain–Mill Creek and Willow Creek Faults as material is advected through a restraining bend on the Maacama Fault. This study shows that reactivated bedrock faults increase the fault zone width and introduce fault surfaces that contribute a component of vertical deformation and uplift in major strike-slip fault zones. Deformation is accommodated on an interconnected network of new and reactivated faults that delineate a complex seismic hazard.
Mimic of massive pulmonary embolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia (HIT)-associated anaphylactoid reactions following subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin
Authors: McGahan Natalie , Ziller Clemens , Phipps William
Published: October 2024

A female in her 60s was admitted via the emergency department following a respiratory collapse at home. She was profoundly hypoxic and hypertensive. For 1 week prior, she had been self-administering subcutaneous (SC) low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for a small postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE) and reported worsening, self-resolving episodes of breathlessness 1 hour post-injection. Repeat imaging revealed a new small PE and blood tests showed a significant platelet drop. Her heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia (HIT) antibody test was positive. A diagnosis of HIT-associated anaphylactoid reaction was made. She was switched to a direct oral anticoagulant and fully recovered. This condition is well described, often presenting with profound respiratory compromise that can be misdiagnosed as ‘massive PE’. A key differentiation is that there is often hypertension instead of hypotension. This case, however, is unusual as it was triggered by SC LMWH not intravenous heparin as previously described in the literature.
Importance of strength training for sustaining performance and health in military personnel
Authors: Mikkonen Ritva S , Drain J R , Vaara J , Nindl B , Kyröläinen H
Published: October 2024

The physical capacity of male and female warfighters is challenged on the modern battlefield by heavy loads and high-intensity work. When designing training programmes for warfighters, approaches for developing strength and power alongside endurance must be considered. Strength training often requires facilities that may not be available during deployments while multiple stressors may impair or decrease overall performance. Understanding the effect of military environments on warfighter performance and acknowledging the variation in demands for individuals during field training and deployments, including possible sex differences, is essential to promote the development of adequate physical reserves (strength, power and endurance), attenuate risk for injury and promote health during and after military careers. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss considerations for programming physical training in a military environment where ‘one size does not fit all’. In addition, a brief description of physiological contributions (neural and muscular) to strength development is included.
Complexity characterization in modeling anisotropic compact stellar structures
Authors: Das Shyam , Govender Megandhren , Aktar Somi
Published: October 2024

In this study, we present an exact solution to the Einstein field equations, featuring a static, spherically symmetric, anisotropic compact stellar fluid sphere with non-zero complexity. The model is constructed using a specific metric potential for the $$g_{tt}$$

g

tt

component, along with a defined complexity profile. The model parameters are fixed by ensuring the continuity of the interior and exterior metrics across the surface of the star and by setting the radial pressure to zero across the boundary. The stability of the model has been analyzed by verification of different standard conditions. Validation of our model is supported by recent observational data from well-known pulsars.
Coupling and recoupling coefficients for Wigner’s U(4) supermultiplet symmetry
Authors: Dang Phong , Draayer Jerry P. , Pan Feng , Dytrych Tomáš , Langr Daniel , Kekejian David , Becker Kevin S. , Thompson Noah
Published: October 2024

A novel procedure for evaluating Wigner coupling coefficients and Racah recoupling coefficients for U(4) in two group–subgroup chains is presented. The canonical $$\rm U(4) \supset U(3)\supset U(2)\supset U(1)$$

U
(
4
)
⊃
U
(
3
)
⊃
U
(
2
)
⊃
U
(
1
)

coupling and recoupling coefficients are applicable to any system that possesses U(4) symmetry, while the physical $$\mathrm{U(4)} \supset \textrm{SU}_{\mathrm{S}}(2) \otimes \textrm{SU}_{\mathrm{T}}(2)$$

U
(
4
)

⊃

SU
S

(
2
)

⊗

SU
T

(
2
)

coupling coefficients are more specific to nuclear structure studies that utilize Wigner’s supermultiplet symmetry concept. The procedure that is proposed sidesteps the use of binomial coefficients and alternating sum series and consequently enables fast and accurate computation of any and all U(4)-underpinned features. The inner multiplicity of a (S, T) pair within a single $$\mathrm U(4)$$

U
(
4
)

irreducible representation is obtained from the dimension of the null space of the $$\mathrm{SU(2)}$$

SU
(
2
)

raising generators, while the resolution for the outer multiplicity follows from the work of Alex et al. on $$\mathrm U(N)$$

U
(
N
)

. It is anticipated that a C++ library will ultimately be available for determining generic coupling and recoupling coefficients associated with both the canonical and the physical group–subgroup chains of U(4).
Research on Jiangxi Cultural Wisdom Tourism Industry Strategy Based on OHDSI General Data Model and Digital Art Empowerment
Authors: Li Shuyao , Luo Kunming , Wu Jiang
Published: October 2024

With the rapid development and wide application of a new round of information technologies, such as the global Internet of Things, the new generation of mobile Internet, cloud computing, etc., informatization has opened a new stage of smart tourism (ST), and ST has become the main trend of tourism development in China at present and for a long time to come. Tourism industry has become one of the important pillar industries in Jiangxi, and it plays an increasingly prominent role in stimulating and supporting economic and social development. Wisdom tourism is an important means to improve tourism service, tourism management and tourism marketing, and an important starting point to promote the upgrading of tourism industry in Jiangxi Province, and to achieve carry-over and leapfrog development and overtaking at corners. This paper is constantly improving and updating on the basis of data warehouse integration mechanism. Under the data warehouse mechanism, through the effective integration of spatial data, virtual reality data and dynamic data, a comprehensive data warehouse oriented to tourism promotion, scenic spot management and department management is formed. It aims to promote the rapid implementation of ST, bring tourists a comfortable tourism experience, save costs and improve efficiency for tourism service providers.
Impact of heterogeneous infection rates on traffic-driven epidemic spreading dynamics in complex networks
Authors: Jing Xing-Li , Chen Jie , Ling Xiang , Hu Mao-Bin , Li Yan-Qiang
Published: October 2024

Although much attention has been focused on traffic-driven epidemic spreading on complex networks, the vast majority of theoretical approaches assumes an identical infection rate for all nodes. This paper investigates the effect of heterogenous infection rates on epidemic spreading, in which the infection rate obeys Binomial distribution. Mean-field approximation and continuous-time Markov chain are adopted to establish the control equation for the model. Results show that heterogeneous infection rates can suppress or promote the epidemic spreading. By adjusting the parameters of infection heterogeneity or the proportion of different nodes, the scope and the threshold of epidemic spreading can be controlled. Simulations on Erdös–Rényi random networks and Barabási–Albert scale-free networks prove the accuracy of theoretical predictions.
An Efficient Simulation Optimization Method for the Generalized Redundancy Allocation Problem Under Uncertain Component Reliability
Authors: Liu Yuan-Yuan , Chang Kuo-Hao , Chen En-Ping
Published: October 2024

The redundancy allocation problem (RAP) is an important reliability optimization problem and has been an active area of research for the past decades. In the literature, most of these system reliability problems are considered in series–parallel where the reliability of each component is assumed a known constant. However, in reality, the component reliability may exhibit quality variations and the reliability of each component shall be better considered stochastic. This motivates this paper to extend the RAP to a more realistic situation in which the reliability of each component is stochastic in nature and the system can have a complex network structure, i.e., the system components are connected with each other neither in series nor in parallel but in some logical relationship. Due to the complex network structure and aggregated profound stochasticity, the overall system reliability is not analytically available but instead has to rely on simulation for estimation. We therefore develop a Particle-Swarm-based Simulation Optimization (PSSO) method to enable the optimal solution to be identified efficiently. An extensive numerical study verifies the efficacy and efficiency of our proposed method in realistic settings and is worth further investigation.
Lars Brink: November 12, 1943–October 29, 2022
Authors: Nilsson Bengt E. W. , Jonson Björn
Published: October 2024

We give some personal reflections on the person and scientist Lars Brink and on some of his scientific achievements. Our relations to Lars are briefly described in Notes I and II , while the sources relevant for this text are summarized in Note III .
LIMITED USE VERSUS TOTAL USE OF TOURNIQUET IN PRIMARY TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Al-Shamari Ahmed Latteef , Assi Mohammed Hussein
Published: October 2024

Background: Tourniquets are used during total knee arthroplasty for better surgical fields and improved cementation. The functional benefits of tourniquet application for limited periods compared with total duration applications during total knee joint arthroplasty (TKA) surgery have not been well explored.

Aim of the study: To evaluate and compare the outcomes of limited use of a tourniquet (LT) for a shorter duration (just before cement application) with total use of a tourniquet (TT) for a longer duration (from skin incision to the completion of surgery).

Patients and method: A sum of 100 patients who undertook primary total knee arthroplasty were involved in this study, they were allocated randomly into two groups according to whether a limited or total tourniquet was used during the surgery. Both groups underwent the same surgical procedures with a digital tourniquet applied to all patients using the same technique. Intraoperative and postoperative assessment of blood loss, knee functional society score (KSS), visual analogue score (VAS) for thigh pain and knee pain evaluation, surgical complications like deep vein thrombosis (DVT), wound infections and nerve injuries are the main factors evaluated in the study.

Results: Patients with LT required more intraoperative blood transfusion compared with those with TT who required more blood transfusion postoperatively. There were no significant differences in KSS, VAS for thigh pain and knee pain evaluation, and surgical complications like DVT, wound infections and nerve injuries.

Conclusion: Limited tourniquet application from starting of cementing is associated with a higher need for intraoperative blood transfusion, but the use of a TT throughout surgery is associated with a higher need for postoperative blood transfusion.
Revisiting Rescission of Executive Stock Options: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Yang Jerry T.
Published: October 2024

We justify the occurrence of rescission by examining the ex-ante optimality of rescission of executive stock options while considering the associated accounting rules in response to this controversial practice. Rescission may be the least favorable practice from shareholders’ ex-post viewpoint but we find that shareholders will be almost always better off in terms of expected initial payoffs under rescission than under do-nothing policy. Our empirical data show that rescission is followed by a 34.66% drop in stock return and the cumulative abnormal returns of the sample firms nearly fall to -50% on the rescission date. Simulation results show that the subjective value-added to executives for pre-committed rescission feature on ESOs is 14% while the estimated agency cost under rescission is twice as much as that under do-nothing policy. These empirical evidences and analytical predictions provide a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of rescission, which help shed some light on devising option-based incentive contracts with variable terms.
Some properties of a graph associated with a non-quasi-local weakly factorial domain and a supergraph of it
Authors: Visweswaran S. , Lalchandani Premkumar T.
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be a weakly factorial domain which admits at least two maximal ideals. We use [Formula: see text] to denote the set of all primary elements of [Formula: see text] and denote [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text]. We denote the subset of [Formula: see text] consisting of all [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] does not belong to the Jacobson radical of [Formula: see text] by [Formula: see text]. With [Formula: see text], in this paper, we associate an undirected graph denoted by [Formula: see text] whose vertex set is [Formula: see text] and distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text]. In Secs. 2 and 3 of this paper, we discuss results regarding the connectedness, the girth, and the clique number of [Formula: see text] and study the interplay between graph properties of [Formula: see text] and the properties of [Formula: see text]. In Secs. 4 and 5 of this paper, we consider a supergraph of [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text] whose vertex set is [Formula: see text] and distinct vertices [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text] and study some graph properties of [Formula: see text].
Superalgebras with homogeneous structures of Lie type
Authors: Mabrouk Sami , Ncib Othmen
Published: October 2024

The objective of this research paper is to broaden the concept of Lie superalgebras into a more generalized framework known as super-Lie superalgebras. It also investigates various super-generalizations of other algebraic structures, including super-associative algebras, left (right) super-Leibniz algebras, and super-left (right)-symmetric superalgebras. The paper presents examples and fundamental results related to these structures. Additionally, it introduces the concept of Rota–Baxter operators with any parity on super-Lie superalgebras and examines representations of these superalgebras along with their associated dual representations. The study also introduces the notion of derivations of super-Lie superalgebras, demonstrating that the inverse of a bijective derivation defines a Rota–Baxter operator. Finally, it offers a generalization of super-Lie superalgebras and other related structures in the ternary case, supported by examples and interesting results.
Multi-criteria decision making for evaluating a suitable MOO technique to improve the performance of AISI 1040 carbon steel and Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Mohanty Uttam Kumar , Krishna Pahana Vamsi
Published: October 2024

The objective of this work is to compare the machining performance of AISI 1040 Carbon Steel and Ti-6Al-4V alloy for a slot cutting operation using a 3-axis vertical milling machine. A set of 16 experiments was conducted, considering four factors: Feed rate, depth of cut, spindle speed, and coolant concentration, to remove material up to a finite depth. Three multi-objective optimization techniques namely, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), Multi-Response Signal-to-Noise Ratio (MRSN Ratio), and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) were employed to determine the optimal machining conditions by maximizing the material removal rate and minimizing surface roughness and material hardness. It has been observed that the response performance index varies with different optimization techniques as well as different workpiece materials. The most significant contributions of each technique were evaluated through ANOVA analysis. A prediction model was developed using linear regression analysis. Finally, comparing the results of the three objective optimization techniques, GRA gives better performance than both TOPSIS and MRSN by effectively satisfying two objectives (i.e., maximizing material removal rate and minimizing surface roughness) for AISI 1040 Carbon Steel. In contrast, the MRSN technique provides better results than GRA and TOPSIS by effectively satisfying two objectives (i.e., maximizing material removal rate and minimizing material hardness) for Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
A Deep Learning-Based Method of Investigating Rammed-Earth Wall Damage on the Ming Great Wall Military Defense System
Authors: Cao Yingchun , Zhang Wei , Yang Jie , Zhang Zizhan
Published: October 2024

The collection, detection, and statistical analysis of massive damage information from large cultural heritage sites is an important issue that affects the progress, depth, and quality of cultural heritage protection efforts. The Ming Great Wall of China, known for its vast size, poses a significant challenge to protection efforts. Conventional methods for collecting and recognizing damage information from the wall are nearly impossible due to its scale. The limitation has significantly hindered efforts to safeguard the vulnerable rammed-earth walls of the Ming Great Wall. To address this issue, we developed new technical schemes that combine the efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for low-altitude surveying and mapping with the accuracy of AI detection. This enables the efficient collection, detection, and statistical analysis of a massive amount of damage data from the Great Wall sites. The system achieved an average damage detection accuracy of 0.838, as measured by the average precision (AP). Additionally, the system’s average effective detection range exceeded 91.5%, while reducing manual labor time by about 95%. These results provide accurate, efficient, and timely data and technical support for efforts such as status investigation, condition evaluation, protection and maintenance, and budgeting for the Great Wall sites. Furthermore, this research proposes a potential approach for gathering and analyzing data from other large-scale cultural heritage sites.
Metabolites and metabolism in vascular calcification: links between adenosine signaling and the methionine cycle
Authors: Behzadi Parya , St. Hilaire Cynthia
Published: October 2024

The global population of individuals with cardiovascular disease is expanding, and a key risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events is vascular calcification. The pathogenesis of cardiovascular calcification is complex and multifaceted, with external cues driving epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic changes that promote vascular calcification. This review provides an overview of some of the lesser understood molecular processes involved in vascular calcification and discusses the links between calcification pathogenesis and aspects of adenosine signaling and the methionine pathway; the latter of which salvages the essential amino acid methionine, but also provides the substrate critical for methylation, a modification that regulates the function and activity of DNA and proteins. We explore the complex and dynamic nature of osteogenic reprogramming underlying intimal atherosclerotic calcification and medial arterial calcification (MAC). Atherosclerotic calcification is more widely studied; however, emerging studies now show that MAC is a significant pathology independent from atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we emphasize metabolite and metabolic-modulating factors that influence vascular calcification pathogenesis. Although the contributions of these mechanisms are more well-define in relation to atherosclerotic intimal calcification, understanding these pathways may provide crucial mechanistic insights into MAC and inform future therapeutic approaches. Herein, we highlight the significance of adenosine and methyltransferase pathways as key regulators of vascular calcification pathogenesis.
Human sympathetic neuronal discharge and recruitment patterns regulate neuropeptide Y bioavailability
Authors: Klassen Stephen A. , Limberg Jacqueline K. , Harvey Ronée E. , Wiggins Chad C. , Spafford Julia E. , Iannarelli Nathaniel J. , Senefeld Jonathon W. , Nicholson Wayne T. , Curry Timothy B. , Joyner Michael J. , Shoemaker J. Kevin , Baker Sarah E.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of sympathetic neuronal discharge and the recruitment of neuronal subpopulations for human circulatory homeostasis remains unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that sympathetic neuronal discharge and recruitment patterns regulate neuropeptide Y (NPY) bioavailability. Across baseline and an intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion (α2-adrenergic agonist) sympathetic action potential (AP) frequency and total sympathetic AP clusters were associated with NPY bioavailability. This is the first study to report that sympathetic neuronal discharge and recruitment patterns regulate NPY bioavailability to support circulatory homeostasis in humans.
Pathogenic Characteristics of Five Different Lineage of Korean PRRSV‐2 Isolates (NADC30‐Like, VR2332‐Like, LKA, LKB, and LKC)
Authors: Jeong Chang-Gi , Kim Seung-Chai , Lee Simin , Kim Hwan-Ju , Mattoo Sameer ul Salam , Nazki Salik , Khatun Amina , Shin Go-Eun , Yang Myeon-Sik , Jeoung Hye-Young , Lee Kyoung-Ki , Oem Jae-Ku , Lee Sang-Myeong , Kim Bumseok , Won Gayeon , Kim Won-Il
Published: October 2024

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a significant pathogen in the worldwide swine industry. The virus shows high genetic variation coupled with a broad range of virulence in pigs. Although multiple lineages of the virus have been prevalent throughout in Korea, the characteristics of lineage‐wise pathogenicity are largely unknown. Therefore, this study was designed to analyze and compare the pathogenicity of 11 representative Korean PRRSV‐2 isolates selected from PRRSV‐2 lineages circulating in Korea, NADC30‐like, VR2332‐like, and three nation‐specific lineages (lineage KOR A (LKA), lineage KOR B (LKB), and lineage KOR C (LKC)), which have been continuously prevalent in the nation. Eleven groups of pigs were experimentally infected with one Korean PRRSV‐2 isolate through four consecutive animal experiments. Body weight and body temperature were recorded during each 4‐week challenge experiment period, and virological, serological, and histopathological tests were performed on the collected samples. The data from the animal experiments were integrated into two indicators—excretion and clinical signs—through correlation and principal component analysis (PCA). Meta‐analysis was used to compare PRRSV‐2 isolates using each indicator. Based on these analyses, while L1C viruses used in this study (JB15‐N‐P31‐GB and JB15‐N‐PJ73‐GN, similar to NADC30‐like strains) exhibited low or moderate levels of excretion and clinical signs, lineage 5 (L5) or modified live vaccine (MLV)‐variant strains exhibited high levels of excretion compared to other PRRSV‐2 isolates. However, the L5 variants all caused mild clinical signs, except for JB15‐N‐PJ4‐GN, which showed the 4th highest clinical sign indicator. Among the Korean lineages (LKA, LKB, and LKC), two LKB strains (GGYC45 and JB15‐N‐PJ10‐GN) were the most virulent as they showed the highest mortality after the challenge. On the other hand, the LKA and LKC viruses displayed lower excretion indicators than L5 strains, but they had higher‐ranked clinical sign indicators than low‐virulence L5 MLV variants. In conclusion, PRRSV prevalent in Korea has diverse excretion and clinical characteristics, and certain lineage is highly pathogenic. These results will offer useful insights to prevent spread of PRRSV and improve the efficacy of vaccines in the future.
Advancing Microchannel Fabrication: Tool‐Innovated Die Sink Electrodischarge Machining
Authors: Srinivas M. Shanmuka , Reddy R. Meenakshi , Balguri Praveen Kumar , Bandhu Din , Das Manas , Debnath Kishore , Roy Choudhury Mridusmita
Published: October 2024

In the current fast‐changing technological fields, microchannels are playing a vital role by enhancing the field of thermal transfer efficiency. The research aims to explore innovative approaches within die sink electrodischarge machining (EDM) to enhance microchannel fabrication. In micro‐EDM, tool wear and unpredictable process parameter effects often hinder hole quality and productivity enhancement. The study delves into innovative tool designs, electrode materials, and process parameters aimed at enhancing both the efficiency and precision of microchannel creation. Stainless steel has long been celebrated for its exceptional corrosion resistance, durability, and versatility across a myriad of industrial applications. The novel tool design utilizes stainless‐steel (Grade 301) blades to fabricate microchannels through die sink EDM on SS301 stainless‐steel slabs. An investigation was conducted to explore the attributes of microchannels through the optimization of process parameters in die sink EDM. Control parameters such as sparking current, duty cycle, active pulse duration, and gap voltage were selected and studied to assess their impact on the depth and width of the channels. The comprehensive surface morphology of the machined characteristics was evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and noncontact interferometer images. This study demonstrates that enhancing the depth of the channel can be achieved by decreasing the duty cycle and active duration of the pulse, while increasing the sparking current and gap voltage. Moreover, reducing the duty cycle, active pulse duration, and gap voltage can diminish the overcut of the channel.
Design of Cloud Computing System–Based Pollution Distribution Map in Iraq
Authors: Therib Mohammed Azher , Mayyahi Laith Awda Kadhim , Fadel Zahraa Emad , Abdul-Rahaim Laith Ali
Published: October 2024

Air pollution is widespread in the world and is considered one of the most important risk factors in Iraq, especially as a result of the lack of a green belt surrounding cities and the many causes of pollution, including traffic congestion, the spread of gas power plants and other causes of pollution. The most common factors of pollution in the air are the spread of gases that are harmful to human health, including monoxide, carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone and the spread of dust, which directly affects human health. A smart system has been proposed to measure levels of pollutants, of which carbon monoxide (CO), dioxide and dust are at the forefront. Several cities, including Baghdad, Karbala, Najaf and Hilla, were chosen to measure the percentage of disparity between pollutants in these cities, determine the percentage of CO2 on Google maps for these cities and update the data instantly by sending the data via the cloud computing. The implemented system consists of an Arduino Uno, a (MG811) sensor to measure CO2, a (MQ‐2) sensor to CO and a (DSM501A PM2.5) sensor to measure air quality and the percentage of dust in the atmosphere. The data was also sent via the (Time4vps) cloud computing so that the data were updated instantly. The results obtained showed a difference in the percentage of pollutants between cities and different periods during one day and in one city. The proposed system is very successful to ministry of health if it is implemented in all cities and all the regions of cities around the country because it gives the alert to make all health organizations ready to receipt the higher number of patients in the emergency cases.
Ordered Left Almost ⋇‐Semihypergroups Based on Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Abughazalah Nabilah , Yaqoob Naveed
Published: October 2024

The concept of an involution or anti‐involution is a self‐inverse linear mapping that plays a prominent role in the theory of algebraic structures, particularly rings, hyperrings, ordered semigroups, and ordered semihypergroups. Nowadays, the study of involutions in ordered hyperstructures is a particular area of research in the field of hyperstructure theory, especially in ordered hyperstructures. In this research, we apply the concept of fuzzy sets to anti‐involution hyperideals of ordered anti‐involution LA‐semihypergroups. We shall propose the mathematical formulation of fuzzy anti‐involution hyperideals in ordered anti‐involution LA‐semihypergroups and provide some examples. This concept is a novel extension of fuzzy involution ordered semigroups.
Comprehensive Approach of an Implicit Hybrid Urysohn–Stieltjes Integral Inclusions via Fractal Differential Constraint
Authors: El-Sayed A. M. A. , Hashem H. H. G. , Al-Issa Sh. M. , Assi Z. M.
Published: October 2024

This investigation establishes the solvability of an implicit hybrid nonlinear Urysohn–Stieltjes type (IHU‐S) integral inclusion. Some sufficient conditions are assumed to prove qualitative features for the solution for this class of inclusions. A comprehensive discussion and analysis, including an example and an application, is presented to illustrate our results.