bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Padrões de manipulação no jornalismo brasileiro: fake news e a crítica de Perseu Abramo 30 anos depois
Authors: Christofoletti Rogério
Published: June 2018

Há exatos trinta anos, o jornalista Perseu Abramo escreveu um curto ensaio em que enumerava cinco padrões de manipulação observáveis nos grandes veículos de comunicação brasileiros. O texto foi publicado apenas em 2003, mas sua permanência e influência podem ser verificadas ainda hoje, principalmente quando se discute a dimensão política dos meios de comunicação. Manipulação da informação é um conceito problemático e raramente enfrentado na bibliografia nacional. Neste artigo, tensionamos a expressão no plano da ética jornalística e da crítica de mídia e sugerimos alguns avanços nos padrões de Abramo, levando em conta a paisagem midiática contemporânea e as ameaças da pós-verdade e das chamadas fake news.
Crítica de mídia a partir de experiências em web arte
Authors: Limberto Andrea
Published: June 2018

Tomando por hipótese de base que um estudo da crítica de mídia pode ser feito através da observação dos processos de inovação formal sobre a linguagem dos meios, propomos uma recuperação de experiências em Web Arte como ponto de partida para uma investigação sobre como o trabalho com recursos digitais tem informado criticamente os circuitos de produção midiática. Adotamos, como estudo de caso, os trabalhos artísticos e teóricos de Lucas Bambozzi e Fábio Fon por representarem esse desafio tanto no nível do que apresentam (um retrabalho com elementos do referido circuito midiático), como pelo acúmulo das funções autoral, curatorial, realizadora e analista em suas figuras, dessa forma colocando em debate também os lugares autorizados de onde parte a crítica. Propomos identificar um tipo específico de crítica nascida (quase) involuntariamente e resultante de um processo de apropriação não autoral a partir da usabilidade formal e mutabilidade dos formatos. Ela lida com uma maior aproximação entre as linguagens do jornalismo, dos meios direcionados ao entretenimento e à arte que se revelam tanto no conteúdo quanto na forma do que é apresentado. Embora essa conjunção esteja sendo estudada hoje a partir de diferentes abordagens teóricas, ela identifica um novo momento também para a teoria crítica.
Crítica da cultura midiática
Authors: Soares Rosana , Limberto Andrea
Published: June 2018

RuMoRes, revista científica on-line dedicada aos estudos de comunicação, linguagem e mídias traz, no dossiê de sua vigésima terceira edição, um debate sobre a atualidade da crítica de mídia por meio da recuperação de correntes teóricas que sustentaram historicamente o pensamento crítico, da atualização que hoje consideramos necessária e relevante de seus preceitos, da aplicação de critérios para a análise de produções midiáticas atuais e do reforço de um campo de estudo para a crítica de mídia em âmbito acadêmico.
Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes With Canagliflozin According to Baseline Kidney Function
Authors: Neuen Brendon L. , Ohkuma Toshiaki , Neal Bruce , Matthews David R. , de Zeeuw Dick , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Fulcher Greg , Desai Mehul , Li Qiang , Deng Hsiaowei , Rosenthal Norm , Jardine Meg J. , Bakris George , Perkovic Vlado
Published: June 2018

Background:

Canagliflozin is approved for glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes and confers cardiovascular and renal benefits. We sought to assess whether it had benefits in people with chronic kidney disease, including those with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 30 and 45 mL/min/1.73 m
2
in whom the drug is not currently approved for use.

Methods:

The CANVAS Program randomized 10 142 participants with type 2 diabetes and eGFR >30 mL/min/1.73 m
2
to canagliflozin or placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke, with other cardiovascular, renal, and safety outcomes. This secondary analysis describes outcomes in participants with and without chronic kidney disease, defined as eGFR <60 and ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m
2
, and according to baseline kidney function (eGFR <45, 45 to <60, 60 to <90, and ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m
2
).

Results:

At baseline, 2039 (20.1%) participants had an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m
2
, 71.6% of whom had a history of cardiovascular disease. The effect of canagliflozin on the primary outcome was similar in people with chronic kidney disease (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55–0.90) and those with preserved kidney function (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.79–1.07;
P
heterogeneity = 0.08). Relative effects on most cardiovascular and renal outcomes were similar across eGFR subgroups, with possible heterogeneity suggested only for the outcome of fatal/nonfatal stroke (
P
heterogeneity = 0.01), as were results for almost all safety outcomes.

Conclusions:

The effects of canagliflozin on cardiovascular and renal outcomes were not modified by baseline level of kidney function in people with type 2 diabetes and a history or high risk of cardiovascular disease down to eGFR levels of 30 mL/min/1.73 m
2
. Reassessing current limitations on the use of canagliflozin in chronic kidney disease may allow additional individuals to benefit from this therapy.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT01032629, NCT01989754.
Renal Denervation in Resistant Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Warchol-Celinska Ewa , Prejbisz Aleksander , Kadziela Jacek , Florczak Elzbieta , Januszewicz Magdalena , Michalowska Ilona , Dobrowolski Piotr , Kabat Marek , Sliwinski Pawel , Klisiewicz Anna , Topor-Madry Roman , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Somers Virend K. , Sobotka Paul A. , Witkowski Adam , Januszewicz Andrzej
Published: June 2018

It has been postulated that catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) may lower blood pressure (BP) and improve severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in resistant hypertensive patients. The aim of our study (NCT01366625) was to investigate in a prospective randomized trial the effect of RDN on BP and clinical course of OSA. Sixty patients with true resistant hypertension coexisting with moderate-to-severe OSA (apnea/hypopnea index, ≥15) were randomly allocated to RDN group (30 patients) and to control group (30 patients). The primary end point was reduction in office systolic BP at 3 months. Secondary end points included reduction in diastolic office and ambulatory BP, change in apnea/hypopnea index and biochemical measurements at 3 months, and change in echocardiographic measurements at 6 months. There were no differences in clinical characteristics between the groups. At 3 months in the RDN group, both office and ambulatory BP were significantly reduced, and a significant decrease in OSA severity (apnea/hypopnea index, 39.4 versus 31.2 events per hour;
P
=0.015) was observed. Between-group difference in apnea/hypopnea index change was significant at 0.05. At 6 months in the RDN group, reductions in office and ambulatory BP were sustained and were accompanied by significant improvement in echocardiographic measures of global longitudinal strain. There were no differences in metabolic variables in follow-up in both groups. In a randomized controlled trial, RDN lowered both office and ambulatory BP in patients with resistant hypertension and OSA. This was accompanied by improvement of the clinical severity of OSA.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01366625.
Birding, Citizen Science, and Wildlife Conservation in Sociological Perspective
Authors: Cherry Elizabeth
Published: June 2018

Sociological research on wildlife typically looks at how nonhuman animals in the wild are hunted, poached, or captured for entertainment, or how they play a symbolic role in people’s lives. Within sociology, little research exists on how people appreciate nonhuman animals in the wild, and how people contribute to wildlife conservation. I explore birding-related citizen science projects in theUS. Citizen science refers to scientific projects carried out by amateurs. Literature on citizen science focuses on the perspective of professional scientists, with the assumption that only professional scientists are concerned with the quality of data from citizen science projects. The research showed birders share this skepticism, but they still find satisfaction in participating in citizen science projects. This paper contributes to sociological understandings of wildlife conservation by showing how birders’ participation in citizen science projects helps professional scientists study environmental problems such as climate change and its effects on wildlife.
Urban Wildlife Organizations and the Institutional Entanglements of Conservation’s Urban Turn
Authors: Luther Erin
Published: June 2018

Urban wildlife organizations—which include groups focused on wildlife rehabilitation, rescue, removal, advocacy, education, and conflict resolution—have typically been viewed as out of step with the goals of wildlife conservation because of their focus on encounters with individual nonhuman animals, common species, and degraded habitats. The recent shift by large conservationNGOs toward a “humans and nature together” framework, because of its focus on urban natures, has brought the field into discursive relation with urban wildlife organizations. Drawing on a case study of four wildlife organizations in an urban center, this research explores their discourse about human-wildlife relationships in the city, and the challenges and opportunities presented by their emergent intersections.
Partners in Crime: The Anti-intellectual Complicity between the State and the Universities in Turkey
Authors: Vatansever Aslı
Published: June 2018

The ongoing witch-hunt in Turkish universities adds a political dimension to the economic precarization of the academic labour force, and should be seen as part of a wider, distinctly neo-liberal attempt on the part of the state to eradicate rational agency. By eliminating qualified oppositional cadres en masse on false accusations, the government implements a policy of systematic deinstitutionalization in the sphere of intellectual production. The erosion of critical subjectivity via deregulation and precarization has certainly been under way for a while now, albeit in different degrees and with diverse intensity. Yet in Turkey, it found an exceptionally fertile breeding ground due to some historical peculiarities of Turkish society, such as the state-oriented institutionalization process of academic structures and the pervasive anti-intellectualism.

The current war against universities in Turkey is being fought (and apparently won) with the help of academia itself. The universal values of knowledge production are being trampled down by the very institutions that are supposed to be dedicated to the safeguarding of these values. University administrations team up with the state in suppressing opposition by exploiting the economic vulnerability of the academic labour force to silence, intimidate or directly punish critical voices within the universities. The actual significance of the Academics for Peace Petition, originally intended as an attempt to bring peace back to the agenda, lies perhaps rather in the fact that it has surprisingly unveiled this unholy correlation between local circumstances and the dynamics of neo-liberalism.
Baroclinic Adjustment and Dissipative Control of Storm Tracks
Authors: Novak Lenka , Ambaum Maarten H. P. , Harvey Ben J.
Published: June 2018

The steady-state response of a midlatitude storm track to large-scale extratropical thermal forcing and eddy friction is investigated in a dry general circulation model with a zonally symmetric forcing. A two-way equilibration is found between the relative responses of the mean baroclinicity and baroclinic eddy intensity, whereby mean baroclinicity responds more strongly to eddy friction whereas eddy intensity responds more strongly to the thermal forcing of baroclinicity. These seemingly counterintuitive responses are reconciled using the steady state of a predator–prey relationship between baroclinicity and eddy intensity. This relationship provides additional support for the well-studied mechanism of baroclinic adjustment in Earth’s atmosphere, as well as providing a new mechanism whereby eddy dissipation controls the large-scale thermal structure of a baroclinically unstable atmosphere. It is argued that these two mechanisms of baroclinic adjustment and dissipative control should be used in tandem when considering storm-track equilibration.
Connecting the Energy and Momentum Flux Response to Climate Change Using the Eliassen–Palm Relation
Authors: Lachmy Orli , Shaw Tiffany
Published: June 2018

Coupled climate models project that extratropical storm tracks and eddy-driven jets generally shift poleward in response to increased CO2 concentration. Here the connection between the storm-track and jet responses to climate change is examined using the Eliassen–Palm (EP) relation. The EP relation states that the eddy potential energy flux is equal to the eddy momentum flux times the Doppler-shifted phase speed. The EP relation can be used to connect the storm-track and eddy-driven jet responses to climate change assuming 1) the storm-track and eddy potential energy flux responses are consistent and 2) the response of the Doppler-shifted phase speed is negligible. We examine the extent to which the EP relation connects the eddy-driven jet (eddy momentum flux convergence) response to climate change with the storm-track (eddy potential energy flux) response in two idealized aquaplanet model experiments. The two experiments, which differ in their radiation schemes, both show a poleward shift of the storm track in response to climate change. However, the eddy-driven jet shifts poleward using the sophisticated radiation scheme but equatorward using the gray radiation scheme. The EP relation gives a good approximation of the momentum flux response and the eddy-driven jet shift, given the eddy potential energy flux response, because the Doppler-shifted phase speed response is negligible. According to the EP relation, the opposite shift of the eddy-driven jet for the different radiation schemes is associated with dividing the eddy potential energy flux response by the climatological Doppler-shifted phase speed, which is dominated by the zonal-mean zonal wind.
The Multilevel Monte Carlo Method for Simulations of Turbulent Flows
Authors: Chen Qingshan , Ming Ju
Published: June 2018

In this paper, the application of the multilevel Monte Carlo (MLMC) method to numerical simulations of turbulent flows with uncertain parameters is investigated. Several strategies for setting up the MLMC method are presented, and the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are also discussed. A numerical experiment is carried out using an idealized model for the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) with uncertain, small-scale bottom topographic features. It is demonstrated that unlike the pointwise solutions, the averaged volume transports are correlated across grid resolutions, and the MLMC method can increase simulation efficiency without losing accuracy in uncertainty assessments.
An Epidemiological Study on Burden of Hearing Loss and Its Associated Factors in Delhi, India
Authors: Garg Suneela , Kohli Charu , Mangla Vipra , Chadha Shelly , Singh M Meghachandra , Dahiya Neha
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Hearing loss is the second most common cause of years lived with disability (YLD). The present study was conducted with an objective to determine the prevalence, severity, and sociodemographic correlates of hearing loss among people aged 3 months and above in selected areas of Delhi, India.

Material and Methods:

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in selected rural and urban areas of Delhi among population aged 3 months and above. Of the total sample size of 664, 85 study subjects (17 households) were taken from the rural area, and 579 (116 households) were taken from urban areas. The hearing test and ear examination was carried out using handheld oto-acoustic emission (OAE) in children <5 years of age and pure tone audiometry in individuals above 5 years of age. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Chi-square test was used to analyze difference between proportions.

Results:

Overall prevalence of hearing loss was 25.1%. Conductive hearing loss was present among 61 (10.3%) subjects, mixed hearing loss was found among 5 (0.8%) subjects, and sensorineural hearing loss among 94 (15.8%) subjects. On OAE, 62 (89.9%) children passed the test, and 7 (10.1%) were referred. Increasing age, female gender, and low education were significantly associated with hearing loss.

Conclusion:

There was high prevalence of hearing loss in the study sample. Urgent interventions are required to identify individuals with hearing loss so that its serious complications can be reduced.
Spectral Analysis of the Amplified Spontaneous Emission in the Second Positive System of the N2 Molecule
Authors: Fellows Carlos E.
Published: June 2018

The spectrum of the 0-0 band of the [Formula: see text] electronic transition of the N2 molecule presents a considerable difference in its distribution of intensities, as a function of the wave number, when the emission spectrum by glow discharge is compared to an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) regime spectrum, commonly known as the N2 “laser”. In the present paper, this particularity, due to gain of the transition, is analyzed from an experimental and theoretical point of view, and for the first time has its experimental and theoretical intensities fully compared. An experimental rotational spectrum is obtained for this transition and a model for the ASE intensities has been carried out in order to retrieve the experimental conditions. The theoretical calculations of the gain have been carried out through a model proposed by other authors, as explained in the article. For the comparison among the ASE experimental and theoretical intensities, the fast and slow relaxation approximations proposed have been used, being the first one that best reproduces the experimental spectrum. For the first time, the experimental and theoretical spectra are compared directly, allowing the precise determination of the vibrational coefficient of inversion and temperature, showing the possible problems arising from the approximation. A good agreement between experimental and theoretical results is observed showing the reasonable validity of the model for the gain.
Disordered eating behaviours and sedentary lifestyle prevention among young Mexicans: A pilot study
Authors: Saucedo-Molina Teresita de Jesús , Villarreal Castillo Martín , Oliva Macías Luz Alejandra , Unikel Santoncini Claudia , Guzmán Saldaña Rebeca María Elena
Published: June 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the effects of a universal prevention programme for disordered eating behaviours (DEB) and sedentary lifestyle among Mexican young people.

Design:

Non-experimental single group field study with repeated measures (pre-test, post-test and at 6-month follow-up).

Setting:

Public high school in Hidalgo, Mexico.

Methods:

In all, 214 young women and 154 young men aged 15–18 years with a mean age of 16.4 participated in the study. For both young women and men, data were collected using the Brief Questionnaire for Disordered Eating Behaviours (DEB) and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Among young men, additional data were collected using the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS).

Intervention:

Five activity-based sessions. In the first four sessions, the following topics were addressed: thinness culture, myths and realities of dieting and supplements, healthy eating behaviours and healthy menus. At the end of each session, students engaged in an enjoyable physical activity hour. In the fifth session, participants were divided into three parallel workshop groups focusing on: thinness culture, healthy menus, and physical activity. The programme incorporated a variety of dissonance-based interventions using interactive psychoeducational strategies.

Results:

After 6 months, repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed a significant reduction in the mean DEB scores in young women. In young men, DEB and DMS mean scores decreased but not significantly. Physical activity frequency and duration showed a significant increase in the total sample over time.

Conclusions:

Overall, implementation of the programme had positive effects on young people and important differences were found between the sexes.
Redundant Automation Monitoring: Four Eyes Don’t See More Than Two, if Everyone Turns a Blind Eye
Authors: Cymek Dietlind Helene
Published: June 2018

Background:

In safety-critical and highly automated environments, more than one person typically monitors the system in order to increase reliability.

Objective:

We investigate whether the anticipated advantage of redundant automation monitoring is lost due to social loafing and whether individual performance feedback can mitigate this effect.

Method:

In two experiments, participants worked on a multitasking paradigm in which one task was the monitoring and cross-checking of an automation. Participants worked either alone or with a team partner on this task. The redundant group was further subdivided. One subgroup was instructed that only team performance would be evaluated, whereas the other subgroup expected to receive individual performance feedback after the experiment.

Results:

Compared to participants working alone, those who worked collectively but did not expect individual feedback performed significantly less cross-checks and found 25% fewer automation failures. Due to this social loafing effect, even the combined team performance did not surpass the performance of participants working alone. However, when participants expected individual performance feedback, their monitoring behavior and failure detection performance was similar to participants working alone and a team advantage became apparent.

Conclusion:

Social loafing in redundant automation monitoring can negate the expected gain, if individual performance feedback is not provided.

Application:

These findings may motivate safety experts to evaluate whether their implementation of human redundancy is vulnerable to social loafing effects.
The impact of motives for Facebook use on Facebook addiction among ordinary users in Jordan
Authors: Alzougool Basil
Published: June 2018

Background:

Facebook has become the most popular social networking site with more than 2.07 billion monthly active users. However, this popularity has its pains too reflected by some addictive behavior among its users. Although researchers have recently started to examine the factors that influence Facebook addiction, little research examined the links between motives for Facebook use and Facebook addiction. These studies mainly concentrate on students too. Also, little research has explored this issue among general public in general and among people in Jordan in particular.

Aims:

This study therefore examined the impact of motives for Facebook use on Facebook addiction among ordinary users in Jordan.

Method:

A sample of 397 ordinary users is employed to achieve the study objective.

Results:

Results showed that 38.5% of the participants were addicted to Facebook. Facebook addiction was significantly associated with six motives, namely exhibitionism and companionship, entertainment, escapism and passing time, social curiosity, relationships formation and relationships maintenance.

Conclusion:

Among these six motives, escapism and passing time, exhibitionism and companionship, and relationships maintenance were the strong predictors of Facebook addiction.
Shedding Light on Shadow Banking
Authors: Goldbarsht Doron
Published: June 2018

Excessive regulatory practices to combat anti-money laundering (AML) have the potential to ‘de-bank’ entire regions and deprive certain communities of their participation in traditional financial markets. While protecting the integrity of the global financial system and shutting down some illicit activities, this may also facilitate the development of alternative remittance systems (ARSs) and payment mechanisms, the so-called shadow banking systems, where AML compliance is not adequate. This article will critically re-examine the relationship between the overregulation of financial markets and the shift to ARSs. It will propose a new take on ARS to include illicit activities through an international network of financial institutions and the need for the regulators to consider a better methodology for detecting ARSs outside the conventional financial sector to deal with this problem.
Peacekeeping for profit? The scope and limits of ‘mercenary’ UN peacekeeping
Authors: Coleman Katharina P , Nyblade Benjamin
Published: June 2018

Developing states furnish the vast majority of UN peacekeeping troops, a fact academics and policymakers often attribute (at least partly) to developing states’ supposed ability to derive a profit from UN peacekeeping reimbursements. In this article, we argue that this ‘peacekeeping for profit’ narrative has been vastly overstated. The conditions for significantly profiting from UN peacekeeping are in fact highly restrictive, even for developing states. We begin by highlighting two potent reasons for re-examining the peacekeeping for profit narrative: developing states emerged as the UN’s principal troop contributors in a period of stagnant reimbursement rates when UN peacekeeping was becoming less financially attractive; and the quantitative evidence scholars have presented as supporting the peacekeeping for profit narrative is flawed. We then identify the scope conditions within which peacekeeping for profit provides a plausible explanation for a developing state’s UN troop contributions. First, the deployment and its attendant reimbursements must be significant not only in absolute and per-soldier terms but also in relation to the state’s total armed forces and military expenditure. Second, the state must have an exceptional ability, compared with other troop contributors, to benefit from UN reimbursements. The scope for generalized profit-making from either equipment or personnel contributions is limited by intense political pressure against reimbursement rate increases. Individual states can nevertheless make a profit if they (1) invest in inexpensive and old but functional equipment, especially if deployed with usage restrictions, and/or (2) limit the deployment allowances (rather than salaries) they pay their peacekeepers. We establish that only a limited subset of developing states meets the plausibility conditions for the peacekeeping for profit narrative – and many top UN troop contributors do not.
Achievement Goals, Implicit Theories, and Intrinsic Motivation: A Test of Domain Specificity Across Music, Visual Art, and Sports
Authors: Wang Chee Keng John , Tan Leonard , Dairianathan Eugene I.
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study was to test the domain specificity of achievement goals across music, visual art, and sports specializations, as measured by Elliot’s 2 × 2 achievement goal framework. Participants in the study were 103 volunteer student teachers from a teacher training institute in Singapore specializing in music, visual art, and physical education. Data were collected via self-report questionnaires that included measures of (a) the 2 × 2 achievement goal orientation constructs; (b) incremental and entity beliefs among the participants in music, visual art, and sports; and (c) participants’ enjoyment, perceived competence, effort, and tension while being engaged in music, visual art, and sports. MANOVA analyses indicated that (a) achievement goals are domain-specific and are highest in participants’ area of specialization; (b) implicit theories can be generalized across the three specializations, with higher incremental beliefs than entity beliefs reported across all specializations; and (c) enjoyment was highest for those who specialized in that particular area. Finally, mastery-approach goals positively predicted enjoyment in each specialization.
Parameter optimization of power system stabilizers via kidney-inspired algorithm
Authors: Ekinci Serdar , Demiroren Aysen , Hekimoglu Baran
Published: June 2018

This article describes the application of a new population-based meta-heuristic optimization algorithm inspired by the kidney process in the human body for the tuning of power system stabilizers (PSSs) in a multi-machine power system. The tuning problem of PSS parameters is formulated as an optimization problem that aims at maximizing the damping ratio of the electromechanical modes and the kidney-inspired algorithm (KA) is used to search for the optimal parameters. The efficacy of the KA-based PSS design was successfully tested on a well-known 16-machine, 68-bus power system. The obtained results are evaluated and compared with the other results obtained by the original particle swarm optimization (PSO) and the bat algorithm (BA) methods. From the detailed eigenvalue analysis, the nonlinear simulation studies and some performance indices it has been found out that for damping oscillations, the performance of the proposed KA approach in this study is better than that obtained by other intelligent techniques (PSO and BA). Moreover, the efficiency and the superior performance of the proposed method over the other two algorithms in terms of computation time, convergence rate and solution quality are confirmed.
Interventionist Acquisition of Incidental Teaching Using Pyramidal Training via Telehealth
Authors: Neely Leslie , Rispoli Mandy , Boles Margot , Morin Kristi , Gregori Emily , Ninci Jennifer , Hagan-Burke Shanna
Published: June 2018

We investigated the effects of a telehealth pyramidal training package on participants’ implementation of incidental teaching. A total of eight adults worked with eight children with autism. Coaches were first taught to implement incidental teaching and then taught subsequent interventionists. The training package consisted of an online module and delayed video-based feedback provided via videoconferencing. Following the telehealth training program, coaches and interventionists reached the preset performance criteria and implemented incidental teaching with high fidelity. All of the child participants increased mands above baseline levels. Results suggest that interventionists can be trained via telehealth in behavior analytic interventions.
Managing Without Moms: Gay Fathers, Incidental Activism, and the Politics of Parental Gender
Authors: Carroll Megan
Published: June 2018

Cultural norms surrounding gender and family have failed to keep pace with demographic trends of family change, resulting in a wide range of family forms that are excluded from family normativity. Yet the contexts in which diverse families confront normative expectations, and the strategies they use to navigate such situations, have received limited attention. Using participant observation with gay father groups and interviews with 41 gay fathers in California and Texas, this study examines how structures of gender and family affect gay fathers’ everyday lives, as well as the management strategies that contribute to gay fathers’ resilience within exclusively paternal families. Results show that community support and norms of outness and visibility among gay fathers aid in their ability to navigate heteronormative ideologies. The concept of incidental activism is introduced to theorize the relationship between gay fathers’ resistance strategies and discourses of respectability within LGBTQ collective action.
Macrophage Populations and Expression of Regulatory Inflammatory Factors in Hepatic Macrophage-depleted Rat Livers under Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Treatment
Authors: Pervin Munmun , Karim Mohammad Rabiul , Kuramochi Mizuki , Izawa Takeshi , Kuwamura Mitsuru , Yamate Jyoji
Published: June 2018

To investigate the significance of the appearance of hepatic macrophages and expression of inflammatory factors in normal and macrophage-depleted livers, hepatic macrophages were depleted with liposome (Lipo)-encapsulated clodronate (CLD; 50 mg/kg, i.v.) followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) in F344 rats (CLD + LPS). Vehicle control rats (Lipo + LPS) received empty-Lipo before LPS. The low dose of LPS did not result in microscopic changes in the liver in either treatment group but did modulate M1 and M2 macrophage activity in Lipo + LPS rats without altering repopulating hepatic macrophages in CLD + LPS rats. LPS treatment in Lipo + LPS rats dramatically increased the M1 (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1) but not M2 macrophage-related factors (IL-4 and CSF-1) compared to CLD + LPS rats. In the CLD + LPS rats, the M2 macrophage-related factors IL-4 and CSF-1 were elevated. In conclusion, low-dose LPS activated hepatic macrophages in rat livers without causing liver injury or stimulating repopulating hepatic macrophages. These data suggest that LPS may alter the liver microenvironment by modulating M1 or M2 macrophage-related inflammatory mediators and macrophage-based hepatotoxicity.
Precarious, always-on and flexible: A case study of academics as information workers
Authors: Allmer Thomas
Published: June 2018

The higher education landscape has changed in the past decades. The neoliberal restructuring of universities has led to transformations such as reducing public expenditure, allocating resources based on competition and quasi-market disciplines. These structural transformations have also an effect on the working conditions, practices and relations of subjects within universities. Questions that need to be addressed: How do different working contexts and conditions in the academia shape feelings of autonomy, flexibility and reputation on one hand and precariousness, overwork and dissatisfaction on the other? What are the broader political realities and potentials in terms of solidarity, participation and democracy at universities? I address these questions based on a theoretical analysis and qualitative interviews with precariously employed academics.
Responding to urgency of need: Initial qualitative stage in the development of a triage tool for use in palliative care services
Authors: Russell Bethany , Sundararajan Vijaya , Hennesy-Anderson Nicole , Collins Anna , Burchell Jodie , Vogrin Sara , Le Brian , Brand Caroline , Hudson Peter , Philip Jennifer
Published: June 2018

Background:

Palliative care services face the challenge of a workload increasing in volume and diversity. An evidence-based triage method to assess urgency of palliative care needs is required to ensure equitable, efficient and transparent allocation of specialist resources when managing waiting lists.

Aim:

As the initial stage of a mixed-method sequential design, this study aimed to explore palliative care providers’ practices and attitudes towards triaging palliative care needs and their views regarding the implementation of a standardised approach.

Design:

A qualitative study was conducted involving focus groups and interviews. Transcripts were subjected to deductive thematic analysis.

Setting/Participants:

A total of 20 palliative care providers were purposively sampled to ensure representation across disciplines (primary, specialist; medicine, nursing and allied health), service types (inpatient, hospital liaison and community) and locations (metropolitan and rural).

Results:

A series of markers of urgency were identified, including physical and psychological suffering, caregiver distress, discrepancy between care needs and care arrangements, mismatch between current site of care and desired site of death when in terminal phase and complex communication needs. Performance status and phase of disease were reported to be less informative when considered in isolation. Interpersonal and system-based barriers to the implementation of a palliative care triage tool were highlighted.

Conclusion:

The process of triage in the palliative care setting is complex but can be conceptualised using a limited number of domains. Further research is required to establish the relative value clinicians attribute to these domains and thus inform the development of an acceptable and useful evidence-based palliative care triage tool.
Weight change over two years in people prescribed olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone in UK primary care: Cohort study in THIN, a UK primary care database
Authors: Osborn David PJ , Petersen Irene , Beckley Nick , Walters Kate , Nazareth Irwin , Hayes Joseph
Published: June 2018

Background:

Follow-up studies of weight gain related to antipsychotic treatment beyond a year are limited in number. We compared weight change in the three most commonly prescribed antipsychotics in a representative UK General Practice database.

Method:

We conducted a cohort study in United Kingdom primary care records of people newly prescribed olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone. The primary outcome was weight in each six month period for two years after treatment initiation. Weight changes were compared using linear regression, adjusted for age, baseline weight and diagnosis.

Results:

N = 6338 people received olanzapine, 12,984 quetiapine and 6556 risperidone. Baseline weight was lowest for men treated with olanzapine (80.8 kg versus 83.5 kg quetiapine, 82.0 kg risperidone) and women treated with olanzapine (67.7 kg versus 71.5 kg quetiapine 68.4 kg risperidone. Weight gain occurred during treatment with all three drugs. Compared with risperidone mean weight gain was higher with olanzapine (adjusted co-efficient +1.24 kg (95% confidence interval: 0.69–1.79 kg per six months) for men and +0.77 kg (95% confidence interval: 0.29–1.24 kg) for women). Weight gain with quetiapine was lower in unadjusted models compared with risperidone, but this difference was not significant after adjustment.

Conclusion:

Olanzapine is more commonly prescribed to people with lower weight. However, after accounting for baseline weight, age, sex and diagnosis, olanzapine is still associated with greater weight gain over two years than risperidone or quetiapine. Baseline weight does not ameliorate the risks of weight gain associated with antipsychotic medication. Weight gain should be assertively discussed and managed for people prescribed antipsychotics, especially olanzapine.
Psychedelic therapy for smoking cessation: Qualitative analysis of participant accounts
Authors: Noorani Tehseen , Garcia-Romeu Albert , Swift Thomas C , Griffiths Roland R , Johnson Matthew W
Published: June 2018

Background:

Recent pilot trials suggest feasibility and potential efficacy of psychedelic-facilitated addiction treatment interventions. Fifteen participants completed a psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation pilot study between 2009 and 2015.

Aims:

The aims of this study were as follows: (1) to identify perceived mechanisms of change leading to smoking cessation in the pilot study; (2) to identify key themes in participant experiences and long-term outcomes to better understand the therapeutic process.

Methods:

Participants were invited to a retrospective follow-up interview an average of 30 months after initial psilocybin sessions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 of the 15 participants. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Participants reported gaining vivid insights into self-identity and reasons for smoking from their psilocybin sessions. Experiences of interconnectedness, awe, and curiosity persisted beyond the duration of acute drug effects. Participants emphasised that the content of psilocybin experiences overshadowed any short-term withdrawal symptoms. Preparatory counselling, strong rapport with the study team, and a sense of momentum once engaged in the study treatment were perceived as vital additional factors in achieving abstinence. In addition, participants reported a range of persisting positive changes beyond smoking cessation, including increased aesthetic appreciation, altruism, and pro-social behaviour.

Conclusions:

The findings highlight the value of qualitative research in the psychopharmacological investigation of psychedelics. They describe perceived connections between drug- and non-drug factors, and provide suggestions for future research trial design and clinical applications.
Relationship between knee alignment in asymptomatic subjects and flexibility of the main muscles that are functionally related to the knee
Authors: Lucha-López María Orosia , Tricás-Moreno José Miguel , Gaspar-Calvo Elena , Lucha-López Ana Carmen , Vidal-Peracho Concepción , Hidalgo-García César , Caudevilla-Polo Santos , Fanlo-Mazas Pablo
Published: June 2018

Objective

To assess the relationship between static frontal knee alignment in asymptomatic subjects and flexibility of the main muscles functionally related to the knee.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 33 healthy adults (19–31 years). The frontal knee angle (valgus/varus angle) was measured by photogrammetry and it was measured in the lateral side. Therefore, high values were assigned for genu varum and low values for genu valgum. Iliopsoas, gluteus maximus and medius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus of the quadriceps, and gastrocnemius muscles were stretched. Muscles were classified as normal, reflex hypomobile, or structural hypomobile.

Results

Women had significantly greater valgus than did men (right angle, women: 174.41°/men: 177.41°; left angle, women: 174.20°/men: 178.70°). The right frontal plane knee angle was higher in women with structural hypomobile vastus. The left frontal plane knee angle was higher in women with structural hypomobile iliopsoas. No relationships were found in men.

Conclusions

A tighter vastus of the quadriceps and tighter iliopsoas are related to greater genu varum in adult women. Stretching the vastus of the quadriceps and iliopsoas when there is a tendency for excess varus in the knee, to prevent overuse injury or early osteoarthritis, might be clinically relevant.
Usefulness of metagenomic analysis in differential diagnosis for pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: Chen Zhe-Qi , Huang Jie-Feng , Ma Li-Li , Zhang Chun-Li , Lei Shu
Published: June 2018

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare ulcerative inflammatory dermatosis easily confused with wound infection following surgery. There have been seven case reports of PG occurring after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), all of which used routine tissue culture for differential diagnosis. Notably, all previous cases involved delayed diagnosis. We report a case of PG after TKA where we used shotgun metagenomics for differential diagnosis. Metagenomic analysis is a new method that can be used for pathogen detection; it is fast and sensitive, compared with traditional culture. Early application of metagenomic analysis in cases of suspicious wound infection after surgery can detect the pathogen of the infection for target therapy; it can also exclude infection for differential diagnosis of non-infectious diseases, such as autoimmune disorders. This case is presented to support the use of metagenomic analysis by surgeons and physicians for early and rapid differential diagnosis in patients who exhibit postoperative wound infections.
Treatment and outcomes of urethral recurrence after orthotopic neobladder replacement in patients with bladder cancer — practice in a single centre
Authors: Zhou Xiaozhou , Ji Huixiang , Zhang Heng , Xiong Tailin , Pan Jinhong , Chen Zhiwen
Published: June 2018

Objectives

To report on the treatment of urethral recurrence after orthotopic urinary diversion at our institution.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed clinical information of urethral recurrence in patients who underwent radical cystectomy and orthotopic urinary diversion between January 1998 and January 2013.

Results

Of 341 patients, 282 presented for follow-up (median follow-up: 56 months; range: 1–174 months). Eight patients developed local recurrence of urothelial cancer after radical cystectomy. The rate of urethral recurrence (1.4%) in female patients who underwent orthotopic urinary diversion was lower than in male patients (3.3%). The median (range) time to recurrence was 33 (6–120) months after radical cystectomy and orthotopic urinary diversion. Recurrences were treated by transurethral resection of tumour, urethrectomy, neobladder resection, revision of urinary diversion, adjuvant chemotherapy, or radiation therapy, based on individual circumstances. Survival analysis showed that 5-year cancer-specific survival was significantly higher in patients with urethral recurrence alone (83.3%), compared with patients with other recurrences, including pelvic/abdomen recurrence and distant metastasis (26.8%).

Conclusions

En bloc urethrectomy and revision of urinary diversion remain the principle surgical choices. Selection of transurethral tumour resection was based on tumour stage and was used in carefully chosen patients. Cancer-specific survival might depend on multidisciplinary therapy.
Cognitive Group Therapy Based on Schema-Focused Approach for Reducing Depression in Prisoners Living With HIV
Authors: Jalali Farzad , Hasani Alireza , Hashemi Seyedeh Fatemeh , Kimiaei Seyed Ali , Babaei Ali
Published: June 2018

Depression is one the most common mental disorders in prisons. People living with HIV are more likely to develop psychological difficulties when compared with the general population. This study aims to determine the efficacy of cognitive group therapy based on schema-focused approach in reducing depression in prisoners living with HIV. The design of this study was between-groups (or “independent measures”). It was conducted with pretest, posttest, and waiting list control group. The research population comprised all prisoners living with HIV in a men’s prison in Iran. Based on voluntary desire, screening, and inclusion criteria, 42 prisoners living with HIV participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to an experimental group (21 prisoners) and waiting list control group (21 prisoners). The experimental group received 11 sessions of schema-focused cognitive group therapy, while the waiting list control group received the treatment after the completion of the study. The various groups were evaluated in terms of depression. ANCOVA models were employed to test the study hypotheses. Collated results indicated that depression was reduced among prisoners in the experimental group. Schema therapy (ST) could reduce depression among prisoners living with HIV/AIDS.
Microcannula Utilization for Injectable Facial Fillers: Standard of Care?
Authors: Karimi Kian , Griffiths Chester F. , Reivitis Alex , Davis-Hunter Austin , Zhang Elizabeth , Pourang Dorna
Published: June 2018

The microcannula technique has become an increasingly popular method for injecting cosmetic fillers. Previous studies have illustrated that the microcannula technique allows filler to be injected with less pain, swelling, and essentially no bruising. This study is a retrospective clinical series examining 247 patients who have undergone dermal filler injections using the microcannula technique from 2011 to 2016 with a single injector, Kian Karimi. The purpose of this study is to assess the frequency of adverse events associated with injections such as bruising and swelling. All 666 recorded patient visits from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed using electronic medical records based on the criteria that the patients had cosmetic filler using the microcannula technique by the surgeon investigator. Of the 666 filler treatments using the microcannula technique, 3 treatments (0.5%) produced adverse events on the day of service, and 32 treatments (4.8%) produced adverse events at 2-week follow-up. In total, 5.4% of treatments produced adverse events. At the 2-week follow-up, 5.7% of treatments using the 25-gauge microcannula produced adverse events ( P = .830); 3.9% of treatments using the 27-gauge microcannula produced adverse events ( P = .612]). Only 3 patients were treated with the 30-gauge microcannula, and 1 patient reported adverse events on the day of service. None of the treatments using the 30-gauge microcannula produced adverse events at the 2-week follow-up ( P = .160). The data support that the microcannula technique is a safe and effective alternative to hypodermic needles for the injection of dermal filler to minimize common adverse events.