bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycoprotein YKL-40 Levels in Plasma Are Associated with Fibrotic Changes on HRCT in Asbestos-Exposed Subjects
Authors: Väänänen Tuija , Lehtimäki Lauri , Vuolteenaho Katriina , Hämäläinen Mari , Oksa Panu , Vierikko Tuula , Järvenpää Ritva , Uitti Jukka , Kankaanranta Hannu , Moilanen Eeva
Published: May 2017

YKL-40 is a chitinase-like glycoprotein produced by alternatively activated macrophages that are associated with wound healing and fibrosis. Asbestosis is a chronic asbestos-induced lung disease, in which injury of epithelial cells and activation of alveolar macrophages lead to enhanced collagen production and fibrosis. We studied if YKL-40 is related to inflammation, fibrosis, and/or lung function in subjects exposed to asbestosis. Venous blood samples were collected from 85 men with moderate or heavy occupational asbestos exposure and from 28 healthy, age-matched controls. Levels of plasma YKL-40, CRP, IL-6, adipsin, and MMP-9 were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Plasma YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in subjects with asbestosis (n=19) than in those with no fibrotic findings in HRCT following asbestos exposure (n=66) or in unexposed healthy controls. In asbestos-exposed subjects, plasma YKL-40 correlated negatively with lung function capacity parameters FVC (Pearson’s r −0.259, p=0.018) and FEV1 (Pearson’s r −0.240, p=0.028) and positively with CRP (Spearman’s rho 0.371, p<0.001), IL-6 (Spearman’s rho 0.314, p=0.003), adipsin (Spearman’s rho 0.459, p<0.001), and MMP-9 (Spearman’s rho 0.243, p=0.025). The present finding suggests YKL-40 as a biomarker associated with fibrosis and inflammation in asbestos-exposed subjects.
Experimental Results of Network-Assisted Interference Suppression Scheme Using Adaptive Beam-Tilt Switching
Authors: Murakami Tomoki , Kudo Riichi , Ishihara Koichi , Mizoguchi Masato , Honma Naoki
Published: May 2017

This paper introduces a network-assisted interference suppression scheme using beam-tilt switching per frame for wireless local area network systems and its effectiveness in an actual indoor environment. In the proposed scheme, two access points simultaneously transmit to their own desired station by adjusting angle of beam-tilt including transmit power assisted from network server for the improvement of system throughput. In the conventional researches, it is widely known that beam-tilt is effective for ICI suppression in the outdoor scenario. However, the indoor effectiveness of beam-tilt for ICI suppression has not yet been indicated from the experimental evaluation. Thus, this paper indicates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme by analyzing multiple-input multiple-output channel matrices from experimental measurements in an office environment. The experimental results clearly show that the proposed scheme offers higher system throughput than the conventional scheme using just transmit power control.
Analysis and Alternate Selection of Nanopowder Modifiers to Improve a Special Protective Coating System
Authors: Bardakhanov S. P. , Goverdovskiy V. N. , Lee C.-M. , Lee O. C. , Lygdenov V. T.
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a practical approach for rational choice of silica nanopowders as modifiers to control and improve the performance of protective coating systems operating in harsh environmental conditions. The approach is based on the multiparameter analysis of nanoparticle reactivity of similar silica synthesized by using chemical and physical methods. The analysis indicates distinct adsorption centers due to the differences in the particles formation; the features of the formation and adsorption mechanisms lead to higher diffusion capacity of the nanoparticles, synthesized by physical methods, into a paint material and finally result in stronger chemical bonds between the system elements. The approach allows reducing the consumption of paint materials by 30% or more, at least 2-3 times increasing of the coating adhesion and hence the system life. Validity of the approach is illustrated through the data obtained from comparative modeling, factory testing, and practical use of modified systems.
Formulation and Development of a Validated UV-Spectrophotometric Analytical Method of Rutin Tablet
Authors: Abualhasan Murad N. , Mansour Jumana , Jaradat Nidal , Zaid Abdel Naser , Khadra Ibrahim
Published: May 2017

Rutin is available in some foods, fruits, and vegetables. It has various beneficial medical effects making it useful in the treatment of various diseases. Rutin is available in different oral dosage forms such as tablets or capsules, widely available in the market. Rutin and many herbal medicines lack quality control due to unavailability of analytical methods. In this study, we formulated rutin tablet and studied its stability using a simple developed analytical method. The dissolution profile of our formulated tablet was also inspected. The results showed that our developed method was linear (R2=0.999), precise (% RSD = 0.026), and accurate (% recovery = 98.55–103.34). The formulated rutin tablet was stable under accelerated conditions as well as room temperature for 150 days (% assay > 91.69). The dissolution profile over 45 minutes of our formulated tablet showed a better dissolution (26.5%) compared with the internationally marketed Rutin® tablet (18.5%). This study can serve as a guideline to companies that manufacture herbal products to improve their formulated herbs and apply validated analytical methods to check the quality of their product.
Cardiovascular Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Cocaine: Biomarkers and Possible Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress
Authors: Graziani Manuela , Sarti Paolo , Arese Marzia , Magnifico Maria Chiara , Badiani Aldo , Saso Luciano
Published: May 2017

Cocaine abuse has long been known to cause morbidity and mortality due to its cardiovascular toxic effects. The pathogenesis of the cardiovascular toxicity of cocaine use has been largely reviewed, and the most recent data indicate a fundamental role of oxidative stress in cocaine‐induced cardiovascular toxicity, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the mechanisms of oxidative stress. The comprehension of the mechanisms involving mitochondrial dysfunction could help in selecting the most appropriate mitochondria injury biological marker, such as superoxide dismutase‐2 activity and glutathionylated hemoglobin. The potential use of modulators of oxidative stress (mitoubiquinone, the short‐chain quinone idebenone, and allopurinol) in the treatment of cocaine cardiotoxic effects is also suggested to promote further investigations on these potential mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant strategies.
Enhanced Measurement of Paper Basis Weight Using Phase Shift in Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
Authors: Fan Mengbao , Cao Binghua , Tian Guiyun
Published: May 2017

THz time-domain spectroscopy has evolved as a noncontact, safe, and efficient technique for paper characterization. Our previous work adopted peak amplitude and delay time as features to determine paper basis weight using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. However, peak amplitude and delay time tend to suffer from noises, resulting in degradation of accuracy and robustness. This paper proposes a noise-robust phase-shift based method to enhance measurements of paper basis weight. Based on Fresnel Formulae, the physical relationship between phase shift and paper basis weight is formulated theoretically neglecting multiple reflections in the case of normal incidence. The established formulation indicates that phase shift correlates linearly with paper basis weight intrinsically. Subsequently, paper sheets were stacked to fabricate the samples with different basis weights, and experimental results verified the developed mathematical formulation. Moreover, a comparison was made between phase shift, peak amplitude, and delay time with respect to linearity, accuracy, and noise robustness. The results show that phase shift is superior to the others.
Potential of Sodom Apple (Solanum incanum L.) Fruit Extracts in the Management of Chilli Root Knot Disease in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Waweru Charei Munene , Muthamia Japhet Mburugu , Otaye Daniel Otieno
Published: May 2017

Sodom apple (Solanum incanum L.) fruit extracts were tested for their potential to manage root knot disease caused by Meloidogyne spp. in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). The effect of sodom apple fruit extracts at different concentrations on the plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, number of galls, and nitrogen and phosphorous levels in chilli infected with root knot nematodes was evaluated. The efficacy of sodom apple fruit extracts against the root knot nematodes was tested under glasshouse and field conditions. All treatment effects were determined by one-way ANOVA using SAS program (Version 9.3). Evaluation after treatment of plants with sodom apple fruit extracts showed that there was a significant difference (P=0.05) in plant heights, number of galls, leaf number, and nitrogen levels in chilli. In the field experiment, the highest mean heights were recorded in the 100% treatment (T1) during the first and third reading. Chilli plants that were treated with the sodom apple fruit extract had a significantly high number of leaves. In the greenhouse experiment, the positive control (T6) had the highest mean heights followed by the 50% treatment (T2). Our research results showed that sodom apple fruit extracts have nematicidal compounds with a potential to be used in the management of chilli root knot nematodes.
Decreased Spontaneous Electrical Activity and Acetylcholine at Myofascial Trigger Spots after Dry Needling Treatment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Liu Qing-Guang , Liu Lin , Huang Qiang-Min , Nguyen Thi-Tham , Ma Yan-Tao , Zhao Jia-Min
Published: May 2017

Objective. The aims of this study are to investigate the changes in spontaneous electrical activities (SEAs) and in acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholine receptor (AChR), and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) levels after dry needling at myofascial trigger spots in model rats. Materials and Methods. Forty‐eight male Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Thirty‐six rats were assigned to three model groups, which underwent MTrSs modeling intervention. Twelve rats were assigned to the blank control (BC) group. After model construction, the 36 model rats were randomly subdivided into three groups according to treatment: MTrSs model control (MC) and two dry needling groups. One dry needling group received puncturing at MTrSs (DN‐M), whereas the other underwent puncturing at non‐MTrSs (DN‐nM). Dry needling treatment will last for two weeks, once a week. SEAs and ACh, AChR, and AChE levels were measured after one‐week rest of dry needling treatment. Results. The amplitudes and frequencies of endplate noise (EPN) and endplate spike (EPS) significantly decreased after dry needling treatment in the DN‐M group. Moreover, ACh and AChR levels significantly decreased, whereas AChE significantly increased after dry needling treatment in the DN‐M group. Conclusion. Dry needling at the exact MTrSs is more effective than dry needling at non‐MTrSs.
Acupuncture Stimulation at GB34 Restores MPTP‐Induced Neurogenesis Impairment in the Subventricular Zone of Mice
Authors: Jeon Hyongjun , Ryu Sun , Kim Dongsoo , Koo Sungtae , Ha Ki-Tae , Kim Seungtae
Published: May 2017

Adult neurogenesis has recently been considered a new therapeutic paradigm of Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we investigated whether acupuncture restores 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐ (MPTP‐) induced impaired neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ). Male C57BL/6 mice were given 30 mg/kg of MPTP intraperitoneally once a day for 5 days, after which they were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and given acupuncture stimulation at HT7 or GB34 for 12 consecutive days. Dopaminergic neuronal survival in the nigrostriatal pathway and cell proliferation in the SVZ was then evaluated by immunostaining. MPTP administration induced dopaminergic neuronal death in the nigrostriatal pathway, which was suppressed by acupuncture stimulation at GB34. MPTP administration also suppressed the number of BrdU‐positive cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein/BrdU‐positive cells and increased the number of doublecortin/BrdU‐positive cells in the SVZ, which were restored by acupuncture stimulation at GB34. These results indicate that acupuncture stimulation at GB34 restores MPTP‐induced neurogenesis impairment.
Exploration of Use of Copulas in Analysing the Relationship between Precipitation and Meteorological Drought in Beijing, China
Authors: Fan Linlin , Wang Hongrui , Wang Cheng , Lai Wenli , Zhao Yong
Published: May 2017

Drought risk analysis is essential for regional water resource management. In this study, the probabilistic relationship between precipitation and meteorological drought in Beijing, China, was calculated under three different precipitation conditions (precipitation equal to, greater than, or less than a threshold) based on copulas. The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was calculated based on monthly total precipitation and monthly mean temperature data. The trends and variations in the SPEI were analysed using Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) and Mann-Kendall (MK) trend tests with a running approach. The results of the HHT and MK test indicated a significant decreasing trend in the SPEI. The copula-based conditional probability indicated that the probability of meteorological drought decreased as monthly precipitation increased and that 10 mm can be regarded as the threshold for triggering extreme drought. From a quantitative perspective, whenR≤10 mm, the probabilities of moderate drought, severe drought, and extreme drought were 22.1%, 18%, and 13.6%, respectively. This conditional probability distribution not only revealed the occurrence of meteorological drought in Beijing but also provided a quantitative way to analyse the probability of drought under different precipitation conditions. Thus, the results provide a useful reference for future drought prediction.
Advanced Functional Tumor Imaging and Precision Nuclear Medicine Enabled by Digital PET Technologies
Authors: Wright Chadwick L. , Binzel Katherine , Zhang Jun , Knopp Michael V.
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of the background, basic principles, technological evolution, clinical capabilities, and future directions for functional tumor imaging as PET evolves from the conventional photomultiplier tube-based platform into a fully digital detector acquisition platform. The recent introduction of solid-state digital photon counting PET detector is the latest evolution of clinical PET which enables faster time-of-flight timing resolution that leads to more precise localization of the annihilation events and further contributes to reduction in partial volume and thus makes high definition and ultrahigh definition PET imaging feasible with current standard acquisition procedures. The technological advances of digital PET can be further leveraged by optimizing many of the acquisition and reconstruction methodologies to achieve faster image acquisition to improve cancer patient throughput, lower patient dose in accordance with ALARA, and improved quantitative accuracy to enable biomarker capability. Digital PET technology will advance molecular imaging capabilities beyond oncology and enable Precision Nuclear Medicine.
Cold Outbreaks at the Mesoscale in the Western Mediterranean Basin: From Raincells to Rainbands
Authors: Mazon Jordi , Pino David
Published: May 2017

This paper investigates cold outbreaks that form offshore density currents within the whole mesoscale over the Western Mediterranean basin. Reflectivity radar and satellite images are used to detect clouds and precipitation that are associated with these density currents in the meso-α, meso-β, and meso-γover the Western Mediterranean basin (WMB). Version 3.3 of the WRF-ARW model is used to describe the formation and evolution of these density currents and to estimate their lifetime as well as horizontal and vertical scales. Based on the observations and simulations, this paper suggests that a new perspective could effectively be adopted regarding the WMB region delineated by the Balearic Islands, the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, and the Gulf of Lion, where inland cold outbreaks develop into density currents that move offshore and can produce precipitation ranging from raincells to rainbands at the whole mesoscale.
Current Evidence for a Role of Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Autophagy
Authors: Catalani Elisabetta , De Palma Clara , Perrotta Cristiana , Cervia Davide
Published: May 2017

Neuropeptides drive a wide diversity of biological actions and mediate multiple regulatory functions involving all organ systems. They modulate intercellular signalling in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as the cross talk among nervous and endocrine systems. Indeed, neuropeptides can function as peptide hormones regulating physiological homeostasis (e.g., cognition, blood pressure, feeding behaviour, water balance, glucose metabolism, pain, and response to stress), neuroprotection, and immunomodulation. We aim here to describe the recent advances on the role exerted by neuropeptides in the control of autophagy and its molecular mechanisms since increasing evidence indicates that dysregulation of autophagic process is related to different pathological conditions, including neurodegeneration, metabolic disorders, and cancer.
Elastic Intramedullary Nailing of a Medial Clavicle Fracture in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Stark Michael J. , DeFranco Michael J.
Published: May 2017

Introduction.Injuries to the medial clavicle in pediatric patients typically involve the physis and/or sternoclavicular joint. Clavicle fractures are one of the most common injuries in children, but ones at its medial end are rare. Most medial clavicle fractures are treated nonoperatively, but surgery is indicated in some cases. This original case report is unique in describing the use of an elastic intramedullary nail for fixation of a completely displaced medial clavicle fracture in a pediatric patient.Case Presentation.A pediatric patient sustained a completely displaced fracture of the medial clavicle. The fracture was lateral to the medial physis of the clavicle and did not involve the sternoclavicular joint. Internal fixation was achieved in an anatomic position with an elastic intramedullary nail. The postoperative course was unremarkable and resulted in complete healing of the fracture in an anatomic position. The patient returned to full activities without any pain or dysfunction.Conclusion.The use of elastic intramedullary nails is a viable option for internal fixation of displaced medial clavicle fractures. Knowledge of the surgical anatomy, potential implant complications, and rehabilitation principles is essential to a successful outcome.
A Vision/Inertia Integrated Positioning Method Using Position and Orientation Matching
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Huo Liang
Published: May 2017

A vision/inertia integrated positioning method using position and orientation matching which can be adopted on intelligent vehicle such as automated guided vehicle (AGV) and mobile robot is proposed in this work. The method is introduced firstly. Landmarks are placed into the navigation field and camera and inertial measurement unit (IMU) are installed on the vehicle. Vision processor calculates the azimuth and position information from the pictures which include artificial landmarks with the known direction and position. Inertial navigation system (INS) calculates the azimuth and position of vehicle in real time and the calculated pixel position of landmark can be computed from the INS output position. Then the needed mathematical models are established and integrated navigation is implemented by Kalman filter with the observation of azimuth and the calculated pixel position of landmark. Navigation errors and IMU errors are estimated and compensated in real time so that high precision navigation results can be got. Finally, simulation and test are performed, respectively. Both simulation and test results prove that this vision/inertia integrated positioning method using position and orientation matching has feasibility and it can achieve centimeter‐level autonomic continuous navigation.
Polyketide-Terpene Hybrid Metabolites from an Endolichenic Fungus Pestalotiopsis sp.
Authors: Yuan Chao , Ding Gang , Wang Hai-Ying , Guo Yu-Hua , Shang Hai , Ma Xiao-Jun , Zou Zhong-Mei
Published: May 2017

Five new polyketide-terpene hybrid metabolites (1–5) with highly functionalized groups, together with six known derivatives (6–11), were isolated from the endolichenic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR experiments including 1H, 13C, HMQC, COSY, and HMBC. The relative configurations of the new compounds were determined by analysis of coupling constants and ROESY correlations. The absolute configurations especially the secondary alcohol at C-15 in 1 and secondary alcohol at C-14 in 5 were established via the CD experiments of the in situ formed [Rh2(OCOCF3)4] complex with the acetonide derivatives. These compounds were tested for their inhibition activity against six plant pathogens. Compounds 1 and 5 exhibited pronounced efficiency against Fusarium oxysporum, and compounds 5 and 6 potently inhibited Fusarium gramineum with MIC value of 8 µg/mL, which revealed the plausible ecological role of endolichenic fungus in providing chemical protection for its host lichen in the fungus-plant relationship. The biosynthetic pathway of compounds 1–11 was postulated for the first time, which paved the way for its further biosynthesis research.
Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors State of the Science: Leveraging Clinical and Biological Insights into Effective Therapies
Authors: Kim AeRang , Stewart Douglas R. , Reilly Karlyne M. , Viskochil David , Miettinen Markku M. , Widemann Brigitte C.
Published: May 2017

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is the leading cause of mortality in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. In 2002, an MPNST consensus statement reviewed the current knowledge and provided guidance for the diagnosis and management of MPNST. Although the improvement in clinical outcome has not changed, substantial progress has been made in understanding the natural history and biology of MPNST through imaging and genomic advances since 2002. Genetically engineered mouse models that develop MPNST spontaneously have greatly facilitated preclinical evaluation of novel drugs for translation into clinical trials led by consortia efforts. Continued work in identifying alterations that contribute to the transformation, progression, and metastasis of MPNST coupled with longitudinal follow-up, biobanking, and data sharing is needed to develop prognostic biomarkers and effective prevention and therapeutic strategies for MPNST.
Pricing Collar Options with Stochastic Volatility
Authors: Li Pengshi , Yang Jianhui
Published: May 2017

This paper studies collar options in a stochastic volatility economy. The underlying asset price is assumed to follow a continuous geometric Brownian motion with stochastic volatility driven by a mean-reverting process. The method of asymptotic analysis is employed to solve the PDE in the stochastic volatility model. An analytical approximation formula for the price of the collar option is derived. A numerical experiment is presented to demonstrate the results.
Nicotinic Acid Phosphoribosyltransferase Regulates Cancer Cell Metabolism, Susceptibility to NAMPT Inhibitors, and DNA Repair
Authors: Piacente Francesco , Caffa Irene , Ravera Silvia , Sociali Giovanna , Passalacqua Mario , Vellone Valerio G. , Becherini Pamela , Reverberi Daniele , Monacelli Fiammetta , Ballestrero Alberto , Odetti Patrizio , Cagnetta Antonia , Cea Michele , Nahimana Aimable , Duchosal Michel , Bruzzone Santina , Nencioni Alessio
Published: May 2017

In the last decade, substantial efforts have been made to identify NAD+ biosynthesis inhibitors, specifically against nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), as preclinical studies indicate their potential efficacy as cancer drugs. However, the clinical activity of NAMPT inhibitors has proven limited, suggesting that alternative NAD+ production routes exploited by tumors confer resistance. Here, we show the gene encoding nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRT), a second NAD+-producing enzyme, is amplified and overexpressed in a subset of common types of cancer, including ovarian cancer, where NAPRT expression correlates with a BRCAness gene expression signature. Both NAPRT and NAMPT increased intracellular NAD+ levels. NAPRT silencing reduced energy status, protein synthesis, and cell size in ovarian and pancreatic cancer cells. NAPRT silencing sensitized cells to NAMPT inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo; similar results were obtained with the NAPRT inhibitor 2-hydroxynicotinic acid. Reducing NAPRT levels in a BRCA2-deficient cancer cell line exacerbated DNA damage in response to chemotherapeutics. In conclusion, NAPRT-dependent NAD+ biosynthesis contributes to cell metabolism and to the DNA repair process in a subset of tumors. This knowledge could be used to increase the efficacy of NAMPT inhibitors and chemotherapy. Cancer Res; 77(14); 3857–69. ©2017 AACR.
Neuregulin 1 Allosterically Enhances the Antitumor Effects of the Noncompeting Anti-HER3 Antibody 9F7-F11 by Increasing Its Binding to HER3
Authors: Le Clorennec Christophe , Bazin Hervé , Dubreuil Olivier , Larbouret Christel , Ogier Charline , Lazrek Yassamine , Garambois Véronique , Poul Marie-Alix , Mondon Philippe , Barret Jean-Marc , Mathis Gérard , Prost Jean-François , Pèlegrin André , Chardès Thierry
Published: May 2017

Exploratory clinical trials using therapeutic anti-HER3 antibodies strongly suggest that neuregulin (NRG1; HER3 ligand) expression at tumor sites is a predictive biomarker of anti-HER3 antibody efficacy in cancer. We hypothesized that in NRG1-expressing tumors, where the ligand is present before antibody treatment, anti-HER3 antibodies that do not compete with NRG1 for receptor binding have a higher receptor-neutralizing action than antibodies competing with the ligand for binding to HER3. Using time-resolved–fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET), we demonstrated that in the presence of recombinant NRG1, binding of 9F7-F11 (a nonligand-competing anti-HER3 antibody) to HER3 is increased, whereas that of ligand-competing anti-HER3 antibodies (H4B-121, U3-1287, Ab#6, Mab205.10.2, and MOR09825) is decreased. Moreover, 9F7-F11 showed higher efficacy than antibodies that compete with the ligand for binding to HER3. Specifically, 9F7-F11 inhibition of cell proliferation and of HER3/AKT/ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as 9F7-F11–dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity were higher in cancer cells preincubated with recombinant NRG1 compared with cells directly exposed to the anti-HER3 antibody. This translated in vivo into enhanced growth inhibition of NRG1-expressing BxPC3 pancreatic, A549 lung, and HCC-1806 breast cell tumor xenografts in mice treated with 9F7-F11 compared with H4B-121. Conversely, both antibodies had similar antitumor effect in NRG1-negative HPAC pancreatic carcinoma cells. In conclusion, the allosteric modulator 9F7-F11 shows increased anticancer effectiveness in the presence of NRG1 and thus represents a novel treatment strategy for NRG1-addicted tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1312–23. ©2017 AACR.
Glutamine Transporters Are Targets of Multiple Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Prostate Cancer
Authors: White Mark A. , Lin Chenchu , Rajapakshe Kimal , Dong Jianrong , Shi Yan , Tsouko Efrosini , Mukhopadhyay Ratna , Jasso Diana , Dawood Wajahat , Coarfa Cristian , Frigo Daniel E.
Published: May 2017

Despite the known importance of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in prostate cancer, the processes downstream of AR that drive disease development and progression remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap has thus limited the ability to treat cancer. Here, it is demonstrated that androgens increase the metabolism of glutamine in prostate cancer cells. This metabolism was required for maximal cell growth under conditions of serum starvation. Mechanistically, AR signaling promoted glutamine metabolism by increasing the expression of the glutamine transporters SLC1A4 and SLC1A5, genes commonly overexpressed in prostate cancer. Correspondingly, gene expression signatures of AR activity correlated with SLC1A4 and SLC1A5 mRNA levels in clinical cohorts. Interestingly, MYC, a canonical oncogene in prostate cancer and previously described master regulator of glutamine metabolism, was only a context-dependent regulator of SLC1A4 and SLC1A5 levels, being unable to regulate either transporter in PTEN wild-type cells. In contrast, rapamycin was able to decrease the androgen-mediated expression of SLC1A4 and SLC1A5 independent of PTEN status, indicating that mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) was needed for maximal AR-mediated glutamine uptake and prostate cancer cell growth. Taken together, these data indicate that three well-established oncogenic drivers (AR, MYC, and mTOR) function by converging to collectively increase the expression of glutamine transporters, thereby promoting glutamine uptake and subsequent prostate cancer cell growth.

Implications: AR, MYC, and mTOR converge to increase glutamine uptake and metabolism in prostate cancer through increasing the levels of glutamine transporters. Mol Cancer Res; 15(8); 1017–28. ©2017 AACR.
Monitoramento e manejo de macrófitas aquáticas em reservatórios tropicais brasileiros
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Biociências, Pompêo Marcelo
Published: May 2017

Em sua pesquisa, o autor busca, neste livro, discutir aspectos relacionados ao monitoramento e manejo de macrófitas aquáticas em reservatórios, apresentando uma síntese de toda a problemática baseada em investigações e informações da literatura sobre o tema.
Randomized, Multicenter Trial of ARTSS-2 (Argatroban With Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Acute Stroke)
Authors: Barreto Andrew D. , Ford Gary A. , Shen Loren , Pedroza Claudia , Tyson Jon , Cai Chunyan , Rahbar Mohammad H. , Grotta James C. , Ajani Zahra , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Cherches Igor , Coull Bruce , Dawson Jesse , del Junco Debra , Demchuk Andrew , Devine Joseph , Dickerson Aisha S. , Dixit Anand , Frey James L. , James Martin , Khan Usman , Levine Steven , MacDonald Claire , Malkoff Marc , McColl Elaine , Misra Vivek , Mullen Michael , Perry Richard , Piechowski-Jozwiak Bartlomiej , Roffe Christine , Sangha Navi , Sisson April , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Volpi John J.
Published: May 2017

Background and Purpose—

We conducted a randomized exploratory study to assess safety and the probability of a favorable outcome with adjunctive argatroban, a direct thrombin-inhibitor, administered to recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA)–treated ischemic stroke patients.

Methods—

Patients treated with standard-dose r-tPA, not receiving endovascular therapy, were randomized to receive no argatroban or argatroban (100 μg/kg bolus) followed by infusion of either 1 (low dose) or 3 μg/kg per minute (high dose) for 48 hours. Safety was incidence of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Probability of clinical benefit (modified Rankin Scale score 0–1 at 90 days) was estimated using a conservative Bayesian Poisson model (neutral prior probability centered at relative risk, 1.0 and 95% prior intervals, 0.33–3.0).

Results—

Ninety patients were randomized: 29 to r-tPA alone, 30 to r-tPA+low-dose argatroban, and 31 to r-tPA+high-dose argatroban. Rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage were similar among control, low-dose, and high-dose arms: 3/29 (10%), 4/30 (13%), and 2/31 (7%), respectively. At 90 days, 6 (21%) r-tPA alone, 9 (30%) low-dose, and 10 (32%) high-dose patients were with modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 1. The relative risks (95% credible interval) for modified Rankin Scale score 0 to 1 with low, high, and either low or high dose argatroban were 1.17 (0.57–2.37), 1.27 (0.63–2.53), and 1.34 (0.68–2.76), respectively. The probability that adjunctive argatroban was superior to r-tPA alone was 67%, 74%, and 79% for low, high, and low or high dose, respectively.

Conclusions—

In patients treated with r-tPA, adjunctive argatroban was not associated with increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and provides evidence that a definitive effectiveness trial is indicated.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT01464788.
Unravelling the function of dolphin leaps using the dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) as a model species
Authors: Pearson Heidi C.
Published: May 2017

The prevalence of leaping across delphinids indicates it has an adaptive benefit. I examined leaping behaviour in dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) according to signalling, social facilitation, and prey capture hypotheses. I quantified the effect of leaping on group behaviour and fission-fusion and the behavioural context of leaping. I observed dolphins in Admiralty Bay, New Zealand during 171 focal follows totalling 157 h. Data were analysed using generalized estimating equations. Clean leaping had a positive effect on party fission () and foraging behaviour (). Coordinated leaping caused a short-term wane in foraging behaviour () and had a positive effect on party fusion (). Noisy leaping had a negative effect on perpetuating resting and traveling cessation (both ). The signalling hypothesis was the most strongly supported. The social facilitation and prey capture hypotheses were moderately supported. Leaping may provide adaptive benefits such as reduced scramble competition, increased foraging efficiency, and social bonding.
Sudhausia floridensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Diplogastridae) isolated from Onthophagus tuberculifrons (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Florida, USA
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Giblin-Davis Robin M. , Gonzalez Rafael , Wood Lois A. , Kaufman Phillip E.
Published: May 2017

Sudhausia floridensis n. sp., a phoretic associate of a dung beetle, Onthophagus tuberculifrons, is described based on its typological characters and molecular profiles of part of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit of rRNA gene, as well as part of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene. Adult beetles collected from the cattle unit at the University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA were dissected and placed on a water agar plate to allow nematode propagation. The new species was isolated from a culture plate several weeks later, and subcultured to establish a laboratory strain. Sudhausia floridensis n. sp. is typologically very similar to S. aristotokia, but could be distinguished from it by the shape of the tail tip of the male, and presence vs absence of a terminal notch in the bursal velum. Molecularly, S. floridensis n. sp. is close to S. crassa, regardless of its morphological similarity to S. aristotokia, but it is distinguished from its African congeners S. aristotokia and S. crassa by 28 and 12 bp differences in SSU, respectively.
“Yes, ... but ...”: The Neo-Perennialists
Authors: Martin Craig
Published: May 2017

This essay argues that despite their opposition to perennialism, a number of recent scholars inadvertently repeat some of the problematic gestures of perennialism. These scholars are attempting to push the field forward after poststructuralist critiques of religious studies, particularly regarding the varieties of essentialism that have plagued the field. However, their account of “religion” ends up looking, at least in some respects, little different from the pre-critical, essentialist, and ahistorical accounts of religion that were regnant prior to the wave of poststructuralist critiques of religious studies. To some extent we appear to be back to where we started.
Beyond the Neuro-Realism Fallacy
Authors: Casini Silvia
Published: May 2017

This article examines visual practices inside the laboratory and in the arts, highlighting a problem of reductionism in the transformation from data to images and in the visual incarnation of the neuro-realism fallacy, that is the extreme images of brain scan. Neurosciences are not inherently reductionist. John R. Mallard’s work around data visualisation problems in the development of biomedical imaging shows how scientists themselves can be attentive to the construction of visual practices and their meaning. If neuro-realism is a fallacy within the neurosciences, are art-neuroscience collaborative projects reproducing this fallacy at visual level? The article analysis how neuroscience-art projects can enable us (or not) to foster and maintain a stereoscopic vision in the way in which we approach the conundrum of what it is like to be both a biological organism made up of molecules, neurons, cells, and an entity equipped with intentionality, desires, thoughts, values.
First Laboulbeniales from harvestmen: the new genus Opilionomyces
Authors: SANTAMARIA SERGI , ENGHOFF HENRIK , GRUBER JÜRGEN , REBOLEIRA ANA SOFIA
Published: May 2017

Laboulbeniales are well known ectoparasites of insects. Among arachnids they were only known parasitizing mites. A new genus of Laboulbeniales, with one species, Opilionomyces dicranolasmatis, is described for fungi parasitizing Dicranolasma harvestmen (Opiliones) collected in Turkey and Greece. The new genus is characterized by the uniseriate receptacle divided into two parts, below the perithecium as a pedicel and above as a row of cells adnate and following the dorsal side of perithecium. The three upper tiers of wall cells are equal in height but shorter than the lower tier. The new genus is accommodated in the subfamily Laboulbenioideae. Similarly to some other Laboulbeniales found on insects and millipedes, Opilionomyces shows site specificity, and we relate its restricted distribution on the pedipalps and chelicerae of the harvestmen to sexual transmission of the fungus. Although both Acari and Opiliones belong to the Arachnida subphylum within arthropods, the Laboulbeniales parasitizing the two orders show no morphological evidence of being closely related.
A new species and a new combination of Rhodophana (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) from Africa
Authors: DANIËLS PABLO P. , BARONI TIMOTHY J. , HAMA OUMAROU , KLUTING KERRI , BERGEMANN SARAH , GARCÍA-PANTALEÓN FELIX INFANTE , BARAGE MOUSSA , IBRAHIM DAHIRATOU
Published: May 2017

Multiple collections of a new member of the Entolomataceae were found in W National Park of Niger during a survey of macrofungi. This new species with a dark reddish brown scaly pileus surface and a yellow stipe belongs in the genus Rhodophana of the Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade in the Entolomataceae. Using a three-gene analysis of the phylogenetic position of Rhodophana flavipes it is most closely related to the recently described Rhodophana squamulosa from India and is a sister taxon to Rhodophana nitellina and R. melleopallens. Micromorphological examination of the type of Rhodocybe fibulata, another African species with a scaly cap, confirms that it belongs in Rhodophana, thus a new combination Rhodophana fibulata is proposed.
Vochysia peruviana (Vochysiaceae), a new species from Flooded Forests, Madre de Dios, Peru
Authors: HUAMANTUPA-CHUQUIMACO ISAU
Published: May 2017

Vochysia peruviana is described and illustrated as a new species. It occurs in the Madre de Dios region of southern Peru, where is associated to flooded forests in the Amazonian lowlands. This species is placed in Vochysia section Ciliantha subsection Ferrugineae. It is compared with the most closely related species, V. ferruginea and V. floribunda.
Two new generic names for dinophytes harbouring a diatom as an endosymbiont, Blixaea and Unruhdinium (Kryptoperidiniaceae, Peridiniales)
Authors: GOTTSCHLING MARC , ŽERDONER ČALASAN ANŽE , KRETSCHMANN JULIANE , GU HAIFENG
Published: May 2017

Kryptoperidiniaceae are a small group of dinophytes hosting a tertiary endosymbiont derived from a diatom (Tomas et al. 1973, Horiguchi & Pienaar 1994). Those so called ‘dinotoms’ (Imanian et al. 2011) include Dinothrix, Durinskia, Galeidinium, Kryptoperidinium (= Phyllodinium) and some species currently assigned to “Peridiniopsis” and “Peridinium” (Tamura et al. 2005, Horiguchi & Takano 2006, Hansen et al. 2007, Zhang et al. 2011). Besides ‘possessing a diatom endosymbiont’ as a highly derived trait, the monophyly of Kryptoperidiniaceae is also supported by a unique type of eyespot that has possibly derived from the original chloroplast (Moestrup & Daugbjerg 2007). In molecular trees, Kryptoperidiniaceae constitute a well supported monophyletic group (Kretschmann et al. unpubl.), but it is not finally resolved at present, whether they are embedded in the Thoracosphaeraceae or constitute their sister group (Gottschling & McLean 2013). Regarding habitat preference, molecular trees further indicate at least two independent marine→freshwater transitions in the Kryptoperidiniaceae during the late Paleogene at the latest (Žerdoner Čalasan et al. unpubl.).
Two new synonyms from Tibet (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae)
Authors: SINCLAIR BRADLEY J.
Published: May 2017

The subfamily Clinocerinae (Empididae, Diptera) are aquatic dance flies, most commonly encountered in fast flowing rocky streams and creeks. The adults often rest on emergent rocks and are rather common in temperate regions.
Fatigue in Younger and Older Drivers: Effectiveness of an Alertness-Maintaining Task
Authors: Song Woojin , Woon Fu L. , Doong Alice , Persad Carol , Tijerina Louis , Pandit Pooja , Cline Carol , Giordani Bruno
Published: May 2017

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of an alertness-maintaining task (AMT) in older, fatigued drivers.

Background:

Fatigue during driving increases crash risk, and previous research suggests that alertness and driving in younger adults may be improved using a secondary AMT during boring, fatigue-eliciting drives. However, the potential impact of an AMT on driving has not been investigated in older drivers whose ability to complete dual tasks has been shown to decline and therefore may be negatively affected with an AMT in driving.

Method:

Younger ( n = 29) and older drivers ( n = 39) participated in a 50-minute simulated drive designed to induce fatigue, followed by four 10-minute sessions alternating between driving with and without an AMT.

Results:

Younger drivers were significantly more affected by fatigue on driving performance than were older drivers but benefitted significantly from the AMT. Older drivers did not demonstrate increased driver errors with fatigue, and driving did not deteriorate significantly during participation in the AMT condition, although their speed was significantly more variable with the AMT.

Conclusion:

Consistent with earlier research, an AMT applied during fatiguing driving is effective in improving alertness and reducing driving errors in younger drivers. Importantly, older drivers were relatively unaffected by fatigue, and use of an AMT did not detrimentally affect their driving performance.

Application:

These results support the potential use of an AMT as a new automotive technology to improve fatigue and promote driver safety, though the benefits of such technology may differ between different age groups.
Where, if anywhere, did Rheita see Veronica’s Veil?
Authors: Covington Michael A.
Published: May 2017

The asterism of Veronica’s Veil reported by Rheita in 1645 is argued to be real, though inconspicuous; not a star cluster; and not correlated with Johannes Zahn’s picture published in 1686 and widely redistributed. The asterism is most likely the rectangle bounded by ρ Leonis, β Sextantis, ο Leonis, and ι Hydrae, with some scattered interior stars interpreted as a face.
International Peacekeeping Operations
Authors: Sandler Todd
Published: May 2017

This article takes stock of some of the important contributions to the study of peacekeeping (PK). Two key topics stand out: peacekeeping burden sharing and mission effectiveness. For burden sharing, the theoretical foundation is the private provision of public goods and joint products. Implications for burden sharing differ whether financial or troop contributions are being shared, with the latter driven by jointly produced country-specific benefits. Financial burden sharing can also differ between United Nations (UN)-led and non-UN-led peacekeeping operations, wherein country-specific benefits are especially important for the latter. Many articles gauge peacekeeping effectiveness by the mission’s ability to maintain the peace or to protect lives for a set time period. More recently, multiple criteria are raised for evaluating peacekeeping in today’s world of multifaceted peacebuilding operations.
Losing the narrative: the United Kingdom and the European Union as imagined communities
Authors: Wallace William
Published: May 2017

The United Kingdom’s awkward relationship with the countries on the European continent reflects the ambiguity of its national identity, wavering between European engagement and the English-speaking peoples, as much as differences over economic interests. The founding narrative of West European integration, after the Second World War, has also weakened with generational change, the end of the Cold War and eastern enlargement. Developing persuasive new narratives both for the United Kingdom and the European Union (EU) are necessary but difficult tasks for continuing cooperation.
Thermomechanical and dielectric properties of novel pyridine-based polyurethane urea elastomers
Authors: Oprea Stefan , Potolinca Violeta Otilia
Published: May 2017

In this article, novel pyridine-based polyurethane urea elastomers were synthesized from 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol of molecular weight 1400 which was chain extended with 3,4-diaminopyridine. These new heterocyclic polyurethane urea elastomers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and static mechanical measurements as a function of pyridine moieties content and the crosslinkers structure from the hard domains. This settlement of the amine groups on the pyridine rings realizes weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds compared with other pyridine derivatives studied by us. The molecular dynamics and local relaxation of these polyurethane urea elastomers were investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Results show that pyridine content slightly increases the glass transition temperature and has low dielectric strength of the segmental relaxation as a result of weaker cohesive domains.
Distinct Effects of Growth Hormone and Glutamine on Activation of Intestinal Stem Cells
Authors: Chen Yun , Tseng Sheng‐Hong , Yao Chao‐Ling , Li Chuan , Tsai Ya‐Hui
Published: May 2017

Background: For patients with short bowel syndrome under parenteral nutrition support, growth hormone (GH) and glutamine (GLN) have been found to help the growth of intestinal mucosa. In this research, we studied the effects of GH and GLN on intestinal stem cells (ISCs). Methods: The in vitro and in vivo effects of GH and/or GLN on ISCs were evaluated by observing the ability of ISCs to form organoids in a Matrigel culture system. The expression levels of stemness and differentiation markers in ISCs and organoids were assessed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence assay, and immunohistochemistry staining. Results: In vitro administration of GH activated the stemness of ISCs, whereas GLN enhanced the expression of chromogranin A and Muc2, which are differentiation markers in enteroendocrine and goblet cells, respectively. Administration of GH or GLN in mice showed that GH, but not GLN, upregulated the proliferative activity of ISCs with increased formation of crypt organoids. In addition, GH increased the expression of Lgr5 and GLN enhanced expression of Muc2 in the crypt fractions of the intestines in mice. Conclusion: These results suggest that GH mainly enhances proliferative activities, whereas GLN promotes the differentiation potential of ISCs.