bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Eighth Grade Students' Vocabulary Mastery and Writing Descriptive Text Ability
Authors: Purnomo Hari Agus , Irawan Candra , Pratama Dedy
Published: January 2024

The purposes of this research were to find out the correlation between students’ vocabulary mastery and writing descriptive text and the contribution of vocabulary mastery on writing ability. The population of the study was all of the 8th grade students in SMP Negeri 6 Lempuing. In choosing the sample, random sampling was used that involved 134 students. The data were collected by using vocabulary mastery and writing descriptive text ability tests. The data were analyzed by using Pearson Product Moment to investigate the correlation between both variables and regression analysis. The results showed that the coefficient of R-value was 0.557. The category of correlation between vocabulary mastery and writing ability showed a moderate correlation. It was found that there was significant correlation between students’ vocabulary mastery and writing descriptive text ability of the eighth-grade students in SMP Negeri 6 Lempuing. There was also contribution of vocabulary mastery to writing descriptive text ability of the eighth-grade students as much 31%. Therefore, the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. In other words, having a rich vocabulary mastery can make students easier for students to write especially for writing descriptive text.
Extending Students' Speaking Skills in The Eleventh-Grade by Using Round Robin Technique (R2T)
Authors: Yuniarti Vyna , Anggeriani Yeni , Saputra Frian
Published: January 2024

This study was aimed to find out whether or not there was any significant difference in speaking skill between the students’ who were taught by using Round Robin technique and those who were not. There were 60 students of eleventh-grade students of SMA Negeri 7 Prabumulih involved in this study as the sample. They were divided into two groups, experimental and control groups, both groups consisted of 30 students. This study used quasi non-equivalent group design. The experimental group were taught by using Round Robin technique meanwhile the control group were taught by using lecturing method. The result showed that the mean score of experimental groups increased from 70,88 in pre-test to 78,67 in post-test. Furthermore, the result of independent t-test from experimental group and control group shown that the t-obtained was 2,625 and it was higher than t-table 1,9977. It means that there was any significant difference between experimental and control groups which was caused by Round Robin technique given to the experimental group. It can be concluded that there was significant difference between students who were taught using Round Robin technique and students who were not.
MULTISENSORY METHOD IN IMPROVING CHILDREN'S READING ABILITY IN TAHFIDZ YATIM DHUAFA VILLAGE
Authors: Bakhdan Adika Trirona  , Muhammad Alif Yahya  , Nurul Fadilah Khoirunnisa  , Heppy Savira Octavia  , Syafaat Bayu Tirto  , Tazkiya Izzatun Nisa Tazkiya
Published: January 2024

The problem in this study is about the low ability to read because there are limitations that are owned by children. This study aims to find out how the influence of the multisensory method in improving reading skills in children from Quran Village RTYD. The research method used in this research is quantitative research with experimental methods using Pre Experimental Design type two group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were students of Quran Village RTYD and the samples in this study were children of class one Quran Village RTYD. The analysis technique uses independent sample t-test . The results showed that there was an effect of the multisensory method on children's reading ability, this could be seen in the control group, there was no significant difference in score (p > 0.05), then an independent sample t-test was performed and the results showed that the difference in pretest scores between the experimental and control groups was not significant (P < 0.05).
INTERNALIZATION OF ISLAMIC VALUES THROUGH RELIGIOUS PRACTICES IN IMPROVING STUDENTS' OBEYANCE OF WORSHIP AT SDN BUMI 1 SURAKARTA
Authors: Widodo  , Hariyoto Hariyoto
Published: January 2024

This research explains the internalization of Islamic values ​​through religious practices in increasing students' devotion to worship at SDN Bumi 1 Surakarta. In this research using field research (field research) with a descriptive approach. The results of the research are the value of devotion, the value of politeness of students towards teachers, tolerance and harmony between school members, both teachers and students, tolerance for fellow school members, discipline in terms of dress and time, concern for fellow school members and community members in need, and Moral values ​​towards the environment, namely the value of cleanliness in terms of preserving the school environment through an internalization process through example and habituation.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERUBAHAN FUNGSI EKSTREMITAS BAWAH DAN PSIKOLOGIS SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH OPERASI ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Ni Nyoman Rinda Pravidayanti  , I Putu Gde Surya Adhitya  , Anak Agung Gede Eka Septian Utama
Published: January 2024

Latar Belakang : Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) merupakan ligamen yang berpotensi untuk mengalami cedera yang dapat ditangani dengan rekonstruksi. Rekonstruksi ACL merupakan tindakan operasi untuk menyambungkan ligamen ACL sehingga dapat mengembalikan stabilitas fungsi lutut.   Dalam melakukan rekonstruksi akan ditemukan faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil rekonstruksi salah satunya seperti pemberian rehabilitasi yang akan mempengaruhi nilai knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) pasien. Faktor lainnya yaitu kinesiophobia dapat mempengaruh psikologis sehingga pasien cenderung merasa takut untuk bergerak.

Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat faktor-faktor yang akan mempengaruhi fungsi ekstremitas bawah dan psikologis sebelum dan sesudah operasi anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Metode : Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kajian pustaka dimana penyusunannya menggunakan data sekunder dari pustaka yang telah dipublikasikan. Penelusuran pustaka dilakukan secara online melalui PubMed dan Google Scholar, dengan menggunakan kata kunci “ACL”, “Fungsi Ekstremitas Bawah”, “Psikologis”, “Kinesiophobia” dengan mengkombinasikan Boolean Operator “OR” dan “AND”.

Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil telaah jurnal didapatkan bahwa terdapat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi fungsi ektremitas bawah dan psikologis sebelum dan sesudah rekonstruksi. Pemberian rehabilitasi sebelum dan sesudah ACLR dan tingkat kinesiophobia rendah dapat mempengaruhi hasil rekonstruksi yang lebih baik.

Simpulan : Berdasarkan hasil review, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perubahan fungsi ekstremitas bawah dan psikologis dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Faktor seperti pemberian rehabilitasi pre dan post operasi memiliki kemungkinan untuk mempengaruhi fungsi ekstremitas bawah pasien. Sedangkan faktor faktor seperti kinesiophobia memiliki kemungkinan untuk mempengaruhi psikologis pasien sehingga berdampak pada kemampuan untuk melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari.
Lokucione ndajfoljore me strukturë dyfjalëshe
Authors: Xhaferi Haredin
Published: January 2024

Sot është i njohur kuptimi i termit “lokucion” si grup fjalësh me lidhje të qëndrueshme, i barazvlershëm me fjalën kuptimisht dhe gramatikisht, por jo i njëjtë me të.1 Duhet mbajtur parasysh se lokucionet, të cilitdo lloji qofshin, nuk janë fjalë, por togje fjalësh ose togfjalësha të qëndrueshëm. Si të tilla, ato as nuk duhen analizuar bashkë me fjalët, as nuk duhen përfshirë në shembuj ilustrues së bashku me to. Gjithashtu, këto njësi duhen dalluar qartë edhe nga njësitë frazeologjike. M. Domi e ka shtruar kohë më parë nevojën e njohjes së tyre si njësi gjuhësore më vete.2 Meqë lokucionet nuk janë fjalë, termi “fjalëformim” nuk na duket i përshtatshëm për t’u përdorur gjatë analizës së formimit të tyre. Me lokucionet, si njësi leksikore dhe gramatikore, lidhen një sërë çështjesh që kërkojnë një trajtim më të plotë. Me rëndësi është përcaktimi i vendit që duhet të zënë ato në një disiplinë të caktuar gjuhësore; trajtimi i tyre si njësi gjuhësore të veçanta, duke përcaktuar qartë kriteret e studimit; evidentimi i plotë i veçorive dhe tipareve më të përgjithshme, si njësi gjuhësore më vete, si dhe i veçorive të llojeve e nënllojeve të tyre; përcaktimi sa më i saktë i veçorive që i bashkojnë dhe që ndajnë nga njësitë e tjera në kufi me to; identifikimi sa më i plotë i elementeve që përbëjnë strukturën e tyre dhe, në mënyrë të veçantë, përcaktimi i shkallës së qëndrueshmërisë së këtyre elementeve brenda strukturës së lokucionit etj.
Seminari XXXI ndërkombëtar për gjuhën, letërsinë dhe kulturën shqiptare
Authors: Çerpja Adelina
Published: January 2024

Sipas traditës së përvitshme, nga data 13-25.08.2012 në Prishtinë u zhvilluan punimet e Seminarit XXXI ndërkombëtar për gjuhën, letërsinë

dhe kulturën shqiptare, i organizuar nga Universiteti i Prishtinës, Fakulteti i Filologjisë në bashkëpunim me Universitetin e Tiranës, Fakulteti i Historisë dhe i Filologjisë. Gjatë ditëve të para u mbajtën kurset e mësimit të shqipes, të organizuara në tre nivele, si dhe u mbajtën disa ligjërata: Enver Mehmeti: Miti serb i Kosovës, Aleksandar Rusakov: Gjuha shqipe dhe dialektet e saj” e Desnickajas – pas dyzet vjetësh, Agim Vinca: Poezia e Mihal Hanxharit, Mehdi Polisi: Sami Frashëri në fushën e gjuhësisë, Dhurata Shehri: Rilexime të letërsisë shqipe.
Gramatikë historike e gjuhës shqipe e Akademik Kolec Topallit u përurua në Prishtinë
Authors: Rugova Bardh
Published: January 2024

Vepra “Gramatikë historike e gjuhës shqipe” e akademik Kolec Topallit është përuruar në Akademinë e Shkencave dhe të Arteve të Kosovës në Prishtinë, më 8 shtator 2012, duke marrë vlerësimet e disa prej autoriteteve kryesore të gjuhësisë shqiptare. Për veprën e akademik Topallit kanë folur akademikët Rexhep Ismajli e Besim Bokshi, profesorët Seit Mansaku, Imri Badallaj dhe Bardh Rugova. Veprën e akademik Topallit e ka vlerësuar me një fjalë rasti edhe akademik Idriz Ajeti. Prezantimi është organizuar si aktivitet i përbashkët i Akademisë së Shkencave dhe të Arteve të Kosovës dhe të Akademisë së Shkencave të Shqipërisë. Kryetarët e dy Akademive, përkatësisht, akademik Hivzi Islami dhe akademik Gudar Beqiraj, kanë çmuar se prezentimi i veprës së Kolec Topallit është një aktivitet i veçantë.
Shefkije Islamaj, Gjergj Fishta - Gjuha dhe stili I, II
Authors: Jazexhiu Vilma
Published: January 2024

Përurimi i monografisë së studiueses së mirënjohur prof. dr. Shefkije Islamaj “GJERGJ FISHTA – Gjuha dhe stili, në 2 vëllime”,në prag të jubileut të madh të 100-vjetorit të shtetit shqiptar u mbajt më 22 tetor 2012 në sallën “Aleks Buda” të Akademisë së Shkencave të Shqipërisë.

Në fjalën e hapjes prof. Jorgo Bulo, pasi vuri në dukje kontributet e prof. dr. Shefkije Islamajt në studimet gjuhësore, ndaloi posaçërisht në një fushë studimi pak të lëvruar, siç është gjuha dhe stili i shkrimtarëve tanë. Pas botimit të studimit për gjuhën e shkrimtarit Jakov Xoxa, Sh. Islamaj vjen me një vepër të re në dy vëllime për gjuhën dhe stilin e Gj. Fishtës. Dy shkrimtarë larg njëri-tjetrit në kohë, - theksoi referuesi, - por dy autorë të mëdhenj të letërsisë shqipe që i bashkon pasuria dhe forca e krijimtarisë gjuhësore në veprën e tyre. Shefkije Islamaj, - përfundoi prof. Bulo, - ka meritën e veçantë që me guxim i ka hyrë punës në këtë fushë studimi, duke sjellë një kontribut të ri vetjak.
Leximet e iluminizmit në europën lindore
Authors: Tartari Eriona
Published: January 2024

Në botën e sotme, idetë qarkullojnë lirisht; një modernitet i marrë që prej shekullit të 18-të me lëvizjen Iluministe, lëvizje që u përqafua në Shqipëri nga Lëvizja Kombëtare e Rilindjes. Veprat e mendjes, qofshin letrare, filozofike apo artistike nuk ndalen prej kufijve, por me gjithë entuziazmin që ngjall ky fakt mbetet problemi i pritjes dhe pritshmërisë së këtyre veprave në kohë dhe vende të ndryshme; veprat e iluminizmit janë të lexuara dhe të interpretuara në letrat shqipe, lexime dhe interpretime të ndryshme në kohë të ndryshme; dimë që Kontrata Sociale dhe Emili janë lidhur ngushtë me shumë shprehje politike, shoqërore, kulturore, sidomos gjatë periudhës së komunizmit të vendosur në këto vende. Rousseau-i dhe autorë të tjerë iluministë janë të pranishëm që nga shekulli i XIX-të në shume vende të Europës Lindore, si Poloni, Bullgari, Shqipëri, në planin pedagogjik, filozofik e letrar dhe, në një analizë të pritjes e të leximeve të veprës së tyre në këto vende, nuk mund të injorojmë veçorinë specifike e vështirësinë reale që përfaqëson secila kulturë si univers kuptimesh, i devijuar edhe prej historisë. Konferenca mbi Leximet
The Impact of Manufacturing Digitization on Embodied Carbon Intensity: A Global Value Chain Perspective
Authors: Huang Huiping , Zhou Yihan , Shan Yuanyuan
Published: January 2024

Climate issues have become one of the most important topics for the sustainable development of the global economy. Balancing trade gains with carbon emissions has become a strategic objective for each economy. Based on cross-country panel data from 2006-2018, this essay comprehends the relationship between manufacturing digitization and export embodied carbon intensity at the theoretical level and tests the theoretical arguments using panel models. In addition, the findings show that the digitization of manufacturing can reduce the export embodied carbon intensity through two paths: the deepening of the forward embeddedness and the improvement of the division of labor position in GVCs.
Meroplankton in Jørgen Brønlund Fjord, North Greenland
Authors: Andersen Ole G. Norden
Published: January 2024

Meroplanktonic larvae of at least 42 species of bottom invertebrates in Jørgen Brønlund Fjord, North Greenland (82°10'N, 30°30'W) are described with respect to species identification, occurrence, reproduction, development, growth, settlement, and relations to depth, light, hydrography, and primary production. A few Holoplankters and some "pseudoplanktonic" nematodes are included. The occurrence of

such a large number of species with pelagic larvae does not invalidate "Thorson's rule" of 1950, stating that the number of species having pelagic larval development decreases, as one moves from the equator to the pole, but it does lead to a less strict interpretation of it. Several species have lecithotrophic pelagic development. The short period of primary production, however meager, seems vital to many of the

planktotrophic larvae, in promoting growth and settling, although the spawning of many species is not strictly linked to this period. Larvae of Hiatella striata (Fleuriau) seem able to live in the plankton for a year, even surviving the long, dark winter.
Illustrated Moss Flora of Arctic North America and Greenland. 3. Andreaeobryaceae - Tetraphidaceae
Authors: Murray Barbara M.
Published: January 2024

Not available
Biological monitoring of airborne deposition within and around the Ilimaussaq intrusion, Southwest Greenland
Authors: Pilegaard Kim
Published: January 2024

The lichen Cetraria nivalis and the moss Hylocomium splendens were sampled within and around the alkaline Ilimaussaq intrusion in Southwest Greenland as monitors of the deposition of airborne metals and other elements. The intrusion is rich in U, Th, rare earth elements and heavy metals. The samples were analysed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (Na, K, Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Cs, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Yb, Tb, Lu, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Hg, Th and U) and by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Cd and Pb).

Many elements characteristic of the rock-intrusion were found in significantly higher concentrations in plant samples from the intrusion than elsewhere. A factor analysis for Cetraria (including 28 elements determined in >70% of all samples) shows that 5 factors account for 79% of the total variation. The first factor (accounting for 52% of the total variation) included the elements characteristic of the intrusion (prominent members: Sc, Fe, Rb, Cs, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Pb, and Th). For Hylocomium (26 elements) 4 factors account for 87% of the total variation. The first factor explained 49% of the total variance and included: Fe, Zn, Rb, Cd, Cs, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Hf, Ta, Pb, and Th.

The source of elements found in the monitor organisms is the rocks of the intrusion, which weather into fine-grained particles subject to wind transport. Preoperational monitoring (i.e. monitoring before mining activities) is essential in areas where exposed mineralizations can act as natural sources of pollution.
Marine Mollusca from Jørgen Brønlund Fjord, North Greenland, including the description of Diaphana vedelsbyae n.sp.
Authors: Schiøtte Tom
Published: January 2024

A total of 76 molluscan species are recorded from Jørgen Brønlund Fjord , North Greenland, in the present paper or have been so by previous authors: 4 aplacophorans, 1 scaphopod, 42 gastropods, and 29 bivalves. 8 of these molluscan species have not been recorded from East Greenland. 1 species, Diaphana vedelsbyae, is new to science. The composition of the molluscan fauna and the distribution of the species in the fjord, including some quantitative aspects, are discussed.
Observations on the ecology of arctic foxes Alopex lagopus in Eqalummiut Nunaat, West Greenland
Authors: Birks J. D. S. , Penford N.
Published: January 2024

Information on diet, home range and activity of arctic foxes Alopex lagopus was collected by radio-tracking and faecal analysis in Eqalummiut Nunaat, West Greenland during spring and summer 1984. The study aimed to investigate the feeding ecology of foxes in an area where »traditional« prey such as lemmings Dicrostonyx groenlandicus and coastal food sources are absent.

Foxes were found to be heavily dependent on abundant caribou Rangifer tarandus carrion, and invertebrates found in the layer of soil above the permafrost. Scat analysis and behavioural observations showed that foxes were quick to modify their foraging to exploit seasonal changes in food availability, and preyed heavily on nesting birds, mainly passerines, when these became available. Mean home range size of two radio-tagged female foxes was 11.7 km2. It was thought that fox density was unusually high due to the abundance of caribou carrion as a result of the exceptionally long preceding winter.

The incidence of food caches was investigated and it was found that most were unearthed in June, after the thaw and just before passerine prey became abundant. White-fronted goose eggs and caribou carrion were the items most frequently found at unearthed caches.

Observations and radio-tracking revealed that foxes predominated in lowland areas, generally avoiding plateau areas above 500 m, where passerines and caribou carrion were scarce. Foxes were found 10 be 50% more numerous on the study area in 1984 than in 1979, and this was felt to be related to differences in the availability of caribou carrion. Foxes were found to be major predators of the eggs of Greenland White-fronted geese.
An annotated and illustrated list of Mollusca described by H. P. C. Møller from West Greenland
Authors: Schiøtte Tom , Warén Anders
Published: January 2024

A list of molluscan names introduced by H. P. C. Møller is presented together with a short biography. The type material of the new taxa is listed and selected specimens are figured. Previously published information about Møller's species is supplemented with hitherto unpublished extracts from his notebooks and manuscripts. The currently valid name, when it can be determined, is given for each taxon.
Abundance and stock composition of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in lnglefield Bredning (NW Greenland)
Authors: Born Erik W. , Heide-Jørgensen Mads P. , Larsen Finn , Martin Anthony R.
Published: January 2024

The abundance of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) was estimated in Inglefield Bredning (NW Greenland) during the open-water season. Land-based observations were made in August 1985 and 1988 and aerial surveys using line-transect methodology were flown during late August 1985 and early August 1986. Group sizes based on both land-based and aerial surveys are given in relation to behavior and the age and sex composition of groups. The aerial surveys in 1986 indicated that adults comprised about 68%, non-adults (including neonates) 32%, and neonates about 15% of the population present in lnglefield Bredning. On 20 August 1985 a direct land-based count of 1548 whales was obtained in the eastern part of Inglefield Bredning. The aerial surveys in August 1985 resulted in estimates of between 847 (95% Cl 344-2085) and 1366 (95% Cl 854–2276), uncorrected to account for those out of sight underwater.

The aerial surveys in 1986 resulted in uncorrected estimates of between 2683 (95% CI 1029- 6998) and 4369 (95% CI 2037-9341). Between late July and mid-August 1988, remarkably fewer narwhals were observed from land in the eastern parts of Inglefield Bredning. The maximum number of narwhals that could be accounted for during this period was 473 narwhals.
Prehistoric exploitation of white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in the eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Savelle James M.
Published: January 2024

Zooarchaeological data relating to prehistoric Paleoeskimo (ca. 4000-1000 B.P.) and Neoeskimo (ca. 1000 B.P. to historic times) use of white whales (Delphinapterus leucos) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in the eastern Canadian Arctic are reviewed. Remains of these two species are extremely rare in Paleoeskimo sites, probably because of the lack of a sophisticated whale-hunting technology.

While white whale and narwhal remains are more common in Neoeskimo sites, they nevertheless make up relatively insignificant portions of the total fauna] assemblages. Since Neoeskimos possessed a sophisticated whaling technology, the problem becomes one of explaining the general paucity of such remains. Four potential factors are addressed: a) taphonomy, b) processing and transport, c) lack of appropriate archaeological data and d) lack of these two species in the diet of Inuit during prehistoric and early historic times.
Commercial aspect, of the exploitation of narwhal (Monodon monoceros) in Greenland, with emphasis on tusk exports
Authors: Reeves Randall R. , Heide-Jørgensen Mads P.
Published: January 2024

This study presents and evaluates data on recent commercial exchanges in narwhal (Monodon monoceros) products, particularly tusks, from Greenland. No evidence was found of an export trade in narwhal blubber or skin (mattak), but since the mid-1960, mattak has been sold to the Royal Greenland Trade Department (or more recently Royal Greenland Production) for re-sale within Greenland. Since 1977 the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) ha, required documentation for the international trade in narwhal tusk. The Greenland Home Rule Government assumed responsibility for this documentation beginning in 1985. More than 90% of the tusks exported with CITES permits issued by the Home Rule Government have given Denmark as the declared destination. Of the total tusks re-exported from Denmark with CITES documentation between 1985 and 1992, approximately two-thirds had the United Kingdom as the declared destination. The monetary value of an "average" tusk-bearing narwhal to a Greenlandic hunter in 1990 was estimated as 7632 Dkr (1272 US dollars). This estimate includes the tusk (6 kg), mattak (80 kg) and meat (46 kg) that were sold but makes no allowance for the products consumed by the hunter and his family. The cash value of narwhal products has not diminished in spite of high inflation in Greenland since the late l960s.
Ice entrapments of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) and white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Greenland
Authors: Siegstad Helle , Heide-Jørgensen Mads P.
Published: January 2024

Information on historical and recent ice entrapments of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) and white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in Greenland is presented. Most entrapments occur in the inner parts of Disko Bugt where both narwhals and white whales are caught. In this area entrapments happened under particular weather conditions and at certain sites at intervals of two to three years during the 197Os and 198Os.

In the Uummannaq and Upernavik areas entrapments occurred less frequently and usually involved only narwhals. No entrapments were documented in East Greenland.

The data suggest that whales sometimes die in entrapments that are not discovered by hunters and that ice entrapments may be regarded as contributing to the natural mortality of narwhals and white whales. These large-scale, periodic die-off events probably affect long-term population trends and represent a concern for the management of arctic whale stocks.
A note on the diet of narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in Inglefield Bredning (NW Greenland)
Authors: Heide-Jørgensen Mads P. , Dietz Rune , Leatherwood Stephen
Published: January 2024

The contents of 35 narwhal (Monodon monoceros) stomachs were obtained from the Inuit hunt in Inglefield Bredning (NW Greenland) in the open-water seasons of 1984 and I 985. Questions concerning narwhal feeding habits were addressed by relating lengths of otoliths and invertebrate remains to the known lengths and weights of fishes and invertebrate species prior to digestion, and by assessing the number and volume of each prey species represented by the stomach contents. The 48 kg (wet weight) of stomach contents examined consisted of 64% arctic cod (Arctogadus glacialis), 15% polar cod (Boreogadus saida), 19% unidentified gadids and 2% invertebrates.
Size-at-age relationships as discriminators of white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) stocks in the eastern Canadian Arctic
Authors: Stewart Robert E. A.
Published: January 2024

White whales harvested by Inuit at Arviat on western Hudson Bay, Pangnirtung on Cumberland Sound and Grise Fiord on the north side of Jones Sound were sampled for analysis of size and age in 1984-87. The sampling sites are thought to represent western Hudson Bay, Southeast Baffin and High Arctic stocks of white whales, respectively.

Males were longer than females at all locations. White whales from western Hudson Bay were significantly shorter as adults than white whales from the other two locations. Analysis of published data showed that eastern Hudson Bay white whales are also significantly smaller than Cumberland Sound whales. Differences in asymptotic length between whales from Cumberland Sound and Jones Sound, and between whales from eastern and western Hudson Bay, were not significant.
Steroid hormones and prolactin in the white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) of West Greenland
Authors: Høier René , Heide-Jørgensen Mads P.
Published: January 2024

Testosterone, progesterone, oestrogen and prolactin concentrations were determined in serum and urine samples collected from white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) taken by Greenlanders in the autumn of 1989-1991 and during May 1992. Hormone levels following long vs short intervals between hunting and isolation of serum samples were compared, and a significant difference was seen in the oestrogen concentrations.

In male white whales the testosterone levels were significantly higher in sexually mature animals as compared to immature animals, 4.14 vs 0.96 nmol/l in serum samples and 0.62 vs 0.11 creatinine index in urine samples, respectively.

Hormone levels of immature, pregnant, lactating and resting female white whales were compared, and the pregnant animals had higher levels of progesterone than the nonpregnant animals, 29.1 vs 1.76 nmol/l in blood and 22.1 vs 0.54 creatinine index in urine, respectively. The oestrogen level was higher in urine from pregnant females, 2.43 vs 0.37 creatinine index, but concentrations in serum were not significantly elevated. Lactating females had higher serum prolactin concentrations than nonlactating females, 4.35 vs 1.97 μg/l, respectively.
PCB's and other organochlorine contaminants in white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) from West Greenland: variations with age and sex
Authors: Stern Garry A. , Muir Derek C. G. , Segstro Mark D. , Dietz Rune , Heide-Jørgensen Mads P.
Published: January 2024

Blubber samples from 138 white whales from two locations in West Greenland (the Nuussuaq area, ea. 74°N, 58°W, and the Disko Bugt area, ea. 69°N, 53°W and skin and kidney samples from 20 white whales from Nuussuaq were analysed for PCB congeners and related organochlorines (hexachlorohexanes (ΣHCH), chlorinated bornanes (ΣCHB), chlordane (ΣCHLORD), DDT-related compounds (ΣDDT), dieldrin and mirex). The large sample size permitted a detailed assessment of the variation of contaminant levels with age and sex. Mean concentrations of all major organochlorine (OC) groups (ΣPCB, lDDT, ΣCHLORD, ΣCHB) were not significantly different between the Nuussuaq and Disko Bugt groups.

After an age of 5.5 years, a consistent decline in concentration levels of all four major OC's was observed in females. In contrast, only marginal differences in ΣPCB, ΣCHB and ΣCHLORD concentrations and a substantial increase in ΣDDT were observed in males. The observed decline in females occurred near the age of attainment of sexual maturity and preceding commencement of lactation. Residue levels in sexually immature animals (male and female) and male-female differences in mean concentrations of ΣPCB and p,p' -ODE in adult animals are consistent with a lactation period of less than one year. Young animals could be distinguished from adults, using principal component analysis, by higher proportions of lower chlorinated PCB's and more water soluble OC's such as p,p'-DDE which are preferentially transferred during lactation.
The Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) in West Greenland
Authors: Born Erik W. , Heide-Jørgensen Mads P. , Davis Rolph A.
Published: January 2024

In the early part of the 20th century Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) occurred abundantly between approximately 66°N and 70°45'N in Central West Greenland from September until mid June. Between September and December several hundred walruses hauled out on small islands and promontories between the entrance to Nassuttooq (Nordre Strømfjord, approx. 67°30'N) and approximately 67°45'N, south of the settlement of Attu. From 1911, the hunt for walruses at terrestrial haul out sites was intensified, and by the late 1930s the walruses had abandoned the terrestrial haul outs in this area.

Between 1911 and the early 1940s, the catches of walruses in western Greenland (excluding the Avanersuaq/Thule area) increased rapidly, reaching a maximum of more than 600 animals reported for 1938 and 1940. Mainly reproductive females were caught and the proportion of unretrieved kills was high. Between the early 1940s and the mid 1960s catches decreased rapidly, apparently reflecting a decrease in the stock of walruses wintering off Central West Greenland. Between 1965 and 1987, the recorded annual catch in western Greenland south of 76°N averaged 56 walruses (SD = 19.7; range 19- 101 animals). It is estimated that during this period the total number of walruses removed by hunting was about 100 per year.

Comparisons of the results of systematic aerial surveys conducted in early spring of 1981, 1982, 1984, 1990 and 1991 over the walrus wintering grounds at Central West Greenland revealed no trend in abundance. The line transect methods used in the 1990 and 1991 surveys gave higher and more robust estimates of abundance than the strip censuses used in the previous surveys, and resulted in estimates of abundance of about 500 walruses (not corrected for submerged animals).

The stock structure of the total walrus population in the Baffin Bay and Davis Strait regions is obscure. However, this study has shown that the numbers of walruses in Central West Greenland are much lower than historical levels, and that walruses in this area are vulnerable.
Deposition of airborne metals around the lead-zinc mine in Maarmorilik monitored by lichens and mosses
Authors: Pilegaard K.
Published: January 2024

The deposition of heavy metals around the Pb-Zn mine in Maarmorilik (Greenland) was monitored during the years 1979-1990 by analyses of concentrations in in situ lichens (Cetraria nivalis and Umbilicaria lyngei) and higher plants (Rhododendron lapponicum).

Concentrations of the metals Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Sb and Zn decreased with increasing distance from the mining and milling complex according to the model: y = axb + c where y = concentration, x = distance, c = background concentration, a and b = constants.

The spread was most pronounced west of Maarmorilik. Exposed Pb-Zn mineralizations in the area were found not to influence the overall deposition pattern. The transport of pollutants to higher altitudes was little.

Airborne pollution with Cd, Pb and Zn was monitored with suspended Sphagnum-bags during a period with ship-loading of concentrates and compared to a period without this activity. There was a strongly increased deposition of airborne Cd, Pb and Zn during periods of ship-loading. The primary sources of pollution were the concentrate conveyor and the ship-loader. Sphagnum-bags were also used to monitor the effects of remedial actions carried out in the mining town.

Analyses of the concentrations of Pb in Cetraria during the years 1979 to 1990 showed that pollution during the last years was only about half as large as during the early years.

This decrease is attributed to the pollution abatement carried out at the mining complex.
The vegetation types of Northeast Greenland. A phytosociological study based mainly on material left by Th. Sørensen from the 1931-35 expeditions
Authors: Fredskild Bent
Published: January 2024

Based on 347 vegetation analyses carried out in 1931-35 by Th. S0rensen in the 72°- 74°N area, supplemented by 136 recent analyses from 74½0N and field observations northwards to 79°N, the vegetation types of Northeast Greenland are described. Further to phanerogams, the mosses and a few lichens are determined in 274 of the 347 analyses.

The most characteristic vegetation types present in this middle-arctic area are: 1. Dwarfshrub heaths dominated by Cassiope tetragona, Salix arctica, Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum or Betula arctica, depending on soil and duration of snow cover. 2. Grasslands, drying out during summer, characterised by Arctagrostis latifolia, Carex bigelowii, C. misandra, and Eriophorum triste. 3. Permanently wet fens with Carex stanus, Eriophorum scheuchzeri, and Arctagrostis latifolia. 4. Snowbeds, the late ones characterised by Phippsia algida, the moderately late by Salix herbacea, and the few early herb-slope like snowbeds by Trisetum spicatum and Erigeron humilis. 5. Open, graminoid Dryas-heaths and fell-fields on dry soil with Carex nardina, C. rupestris, and Kobresia myosuroides. 6. Fell-fields with Calamagrostis purpurascens and Carex supina ssp. spaniocarpa. 7. Species rich communities on wet ground, covered by organic crust, characterised by Koenigia islandica and Festuca hyperborea. 8. Halophytic vegetations with Puccinellia phryganodes and Carex subspathacea.

Soil samples have been analyzed for nine factors for the major part of the 347 analyses. The plant to soil relationship is illustrated for the 109 most frequent phanerogam species, for 40 of these lo all nine factors, for 69 only to pH and conductivity.

Sørensen arranged his analyses in 41 phytosociological groups according to his similarity coefficient - the "Sørensen index''. These groups form the basis of the phytosociological classification according to the Braun-Blanquet system. The vegetation units are grouped into 13 associations, of which 7 are new, subdivided into a number of new, lower phytosociological units. These are grouped in the alliances Saxifrago-Ranunculion nivalis, Caricion atrofusco-saxatilis, Dryadion integrifoliae, Veronico-Poion glaucae, and Puccincllion phryganodis. Two synoptical tables summarizes the frequency of 135 phanerogams and 99 cryptogams, mainly mosses, in 42 phytosociological units.
Arrhenia auriscalpium in arctic-alpine habitats: world distribution, ecology, new reports from the southern Rocky Mountains, USA
Authors: Cripps Cathy L. , Horak Egon
Published: January 2024

During our investigations of alpine agarics in the central and southern Rocky Mountains, Arrhenia auriscalpium (Fr.) Fr. was collected several times on high mountain localities in Colorado at elevations of 3,350-3,670 m. Arrhenia auriscalpium is a well-known arcticalpine basidiomycete (Agaricales) with a circumpolar distribution, which has previously been reported only once from the USA (outside Alaska).
This is the first formal report of A. auriscalpium from Colorado, and is the highest elevation yet recorded for the fungus. This extends the distribution of A. auriscalpium deep into the North American cordillera to a latitude of 39° N, which is a southern-most extension for true northern alpine habitat. This new information is added to the global distribution of A. auriscalpium which is reported here along with notes on its ecology.
Distribution of selected basidiomycetes in oceanic dwarf-scrub heaths in Paamiut area, low arctic South Greenland
Authors: Borgen Thorbjørn
Published: January 2024

The occurrence of 80 selected basidiomycetes (49 symbionts, 31 saprobionts) was investigated at seven sites in dwarf-scrub heaths in the Paamiut area (low arctic S Greenland). The sites are situated in the hyperoceanic zone (at the outer coast), in the oceanic zone (about 10-25 km from the outer coast) and in the suboceanic zone (more than 25 km from the outer coast). The number of species is larger in the oceanic than in the hyperoceanic zone, and there is a tendency for the proportion of symbionts to increase from the hyperoceanic zone and away from the coast. The total number of species indicates that the increase of symbionts in the oceanic zone is due to the larger number of Cortinarius and Russula species. Moreover, larger symbionts tend to dominate away from the coast. Observations from Paamiut peninsula (hyperoceanic zone) indicate that the number of saprobiontic species exceed the symbionts in the areas very close (< 3 km) to the ocean.
Four distributional groups can be segregated based on the distributions in the Paamiut area. A: species most frequent in the hyperoceanic zone (nine symbionts and fourteen saprobionts), B: indifferent species (nine symbionts and five saprobionts), C: species most numerous and frequent in the oceanic zone (twenty-four symbionts and six saprobionts) and D: species most frequent in the suboceanic zone (two saprobionts).
Cortinarius imbutus, Entolomafernandae and Pholiota scamba are new to the low arctic region.
Wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes of Kangerlussuaq and Sisimiut areas, Greenland
Authors: Mukhin Victor Andrejevich
Published: January 2024

The paper is a survey of the wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes developing in an arctic area on trunks, branches and twigs of Salix glauca and Betula nana in Kangerlussuaq (West Greenland) and Sisimiut (Central West Greenland). Forty species were found, of which 10 are new to Greenland and 10 to the investigated areas.
The species similarity ratio between the coastal Sisimiut and the continental Kangerlussuaq was low, 0,49, indicating a strong climatic influence on the distribution of these species. Of the 40 species 29 were corticioid fungi with a crust-like hymenophore, seven were agarics of which many were small and reduced species, two species belong to the jelly fungi and only one was a polypore.
Macromycetes on Ainovy islands (Murmansk region, Russia)
Authors: Kalamees Kuulo , Raitviir Ain
Published: January 2024

The authors present data on 17 species of Helotiales and 19 species of Agaricales and Russulales, collected on the small islands called Ainovy Ostrova in the Barents Sea close to the coast of the Kola Peninsula. Eleven species of Helotiales and five species of Agaricales are reported for the first time from the Russian Arctic.
Vegetation and altitudinal zonation in continental West Greenland
Authors: Sieg Birgit , Drees Birgit , Daniëls Fred J. A.
Published: January 2024

Following the principles of the Braun-Blanquet approach a detailed investigation of the vegetation types of mountains in continental West Greenland is presented. The vegetation types are analysed regarding their subdivision into subassociations, variants and elevation forms, as well as the prevailing environmental conditions of their habitats. Special attention is paid to bryophytes and lichens as these play an important role in arctic plant communities and ecosystems.

Based on 394 relevés the following communities are dealt with: Calamagrostio lapponicae-Salicetum glaucae ass. nov., Hylocomio splendentis-Cassiopetum tetragonae, Empetro hermaphroditi-Betuletum nanae, Ledo decumbentis-Betuletum nanae (all Loiseleurio-Vaccinietea), Carici nardinae-Dryadetum integrifoliae, Thuidio abietini-Kobresietum myosuroides ass. nov., Rhododendro lapponici-Vaccinietum microphylli, Tortello arcticae-Caricetum rupestris ass. nov., Saxifrago nathorstii-Kobresietum simpliciusculae (all Carici-Kobresietea), Plagiomnio elliptici-Salicetum glaucae ass. nov. (Salicetea purpureae), Cerastium arcticum-Poa community, Pediculari flammeae-Caricetum bigelowii ass. nov. (both Salicetea herbaceae), Caricetum saxatilis, Caricetum rariflorae (both Scheuchzerio-Caricetea) and Racomitrium lanuginosum community (Thlaspietea rotundifolii). 

Moreover, the importance of all vegetation types in the study area (incl. Phippsietum algidae-concinnae, Cassiopetum hypnoidis, a.o.) regarding the characterization and delimitation of altitudinal vegetation belts is assessed. For this purpose, their altitudinal distribution, elevation forms, change in habitat-type preferences and the substitution of communities along the altitudinal gradient as well as altitudinal indicator values of selected species are discussed. It resulted that the existence of three altitudinal belts with boundaries at 400 and 800 m a.s.l. can be confirmed and that a variety of the considered criteria is necessary for a comprehensive distinction of these vegetation belts.

Furthermore, it was shown that differences between vegetation in mid and high altitudes are more pronounced than between low and mid altitudes. The lowlands and mid altitudes are dominated by erect dwarf-shrub heath vegetation. The associations Rhododendro-Vaccinietum and Ledo-Betuletum are mainly restricted to these altitudes. Mid altitudes are differentiated from the lowlands by elevation forms and change in habitat-type preferences of vegetation types as well as by occurrence of snowbed communities and absence of shrub vegetation.

High altitudes are dominated by graminoid and prostrate dwarf-shrub vegetation of the classes Salicetea herbaceae and Carici-Kobresietea. They are differentiated from mid altitudes not only by elevation forms and change in habitat-type preferences of plant communities, but also by substitution of vegetation types. Tortello-Caricetum, Pediculari-Caricetum and Racomitrium lanuginosum community are restricted to these altitudes.
Physical conditions, dynamics and model simulations during the ice-free period of the Young Sound/Tyrolerfjord system
Authors: Bendtsen Jørgen , Gustafsson Karin E. , Rysggard Søren , Vang Torben
Published: January 2024

The Young Sound/Tyrolerfjord system is a 90 km long and 2–7 km wide sill fjord in northeast Greenland, with a mean depth of 100 m. Observations of the bottom topography are presented from different sections of the fjord system, which has a total volume of 40 km3 and a surface area of 390 km2. Hydrographic observations from the summer period show the large influence from the freshwater discharge on the mixed layer depth in the fjord, which, during summer, is less than 5 m, with surface salinity increasing from values below 10 in the inner part of Young Sound to about 30 above the sill in the outer part of the fjord. The deep and intermediate water in the fjord is characterized by a temperature of -1.7 °C and a salinity of 33.1, corresponding to σt < 26.5.

The maximum tidal amplitude is 0.8 m and 0.4 m during flood and neap tide, respectively, and is dominated by the lunar semi-diurnal M2 tidal constituent. New model simulations show the evolution of the mixed layer during the summer season. A sensitivity study based on this model is presented, showing that the mixed layer thickness will decrease by about 20% if the runoff is increased by a factor of two, and the implications for the hydrographic conditions in relation to a global warming scenario are discussed.
Observations on waders (Charadriidae) at Scoresby Sund, East Greenland
Authors: Korte J. de , Bosman C. A. W. , Meltofte Hans
Published: January 2024

Populations of waders in three census areas at Scoresby Sund, central East Greenland, were studied during the three breeding seasons of 1973, 1974 and 1975. Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula ), Golden Plover (Pluvialis apricaria), Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), Knot (Calidris canutus), Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and Sanderling (Calidris alba) bred in the census areas, while Purple Sandpiper (Calidris maritima) and Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) bred elsewhere in the region. Population densities were very low, compared to other areas further north in high arctic Greenland. Extensive, deep and late-thawing snow cover prevents waders from utilizing large areas in June. Time of breeding showed a high correlation with the snow melting conditions in the respective areas and years. Breeding success was generally low; only Ringed Plover had more than 50% nest and egg survival. Nest failures were probably mostly due to predation by Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus). Observation and examination of individuals from post-breeding flocks in the second half of July indicated that these flocks contained mainly non-breeders, but failed and successful breeders were also present. Measurements on eggs, pulli and adults are presented.
Planktonic choanoflagellates from Disko Bugt, West Greenland, with a survey of the marine nanoplankton of the area
Authors: Thomsen Helge Abildhauge
Published: January 2024

Light and electron microscopy of whole mounts prepared from water samples collected in July and August 1977 at thirteen stations in the vicinity of Godhavn (Disko Bugt, West Greenland), has led to the enumeration of approximately 100 nanoplanktonic taxa. A full account is given of field and laboratory methods. The most conspicuous algal class was the Prymnesiophyceae with more than 38 species. Among the heterotrophic organisms listed the Choanoflagellida was the most important single group, comprising 28 species. Two new choanoflagellate taxa are described on the basis of West Greenland material: Conion groenlandicum gen. et sp.nov. and Diaphanoeca undulata sp.nov.

In order to facilitate immediate comparison of closely related taxa Diaphanoeca sphaerica sp.nov. is described on the basis of Danish material.

Thirteen of the loricate choanoflagellate species listed are new recordings for West Greenland. A summary of previous findings of the choanoflagellate species encountered in the Disko Bugt samples show that three species (Conion groenlandicum, Pleurasiga caudata and Parvicorbicula serratula) are so far known from arctic and subarctic localities only. A pronounced vertical distribution pattern of choanoflagellate species was observed at one station southeast of Godhavn. Three distinct species associations occurred in this particular water column (0-300 m).