bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATED PRODUCTION OF SINGLE HEAVY T-QUARK IN THE LEFT–RIGHT TWIN HIGGS MODEL AT THE LHC
Authors: LIU YAO-BEI , WANG XUE-LEI
Published: December 2010

The heavy T-quark is one of the most crucial ingredients in the left–right twin Higgs model, which is introduced to cancel the largest contribution of the Standard Model top quark to the Higgs boson mass at one-loop level. In this paper, we study the relevant single heavy T-quark production processes, the 2 → 2 partonic processes of qb → q'T and [Formula: see text], the 2 → 3 partonic processes of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] at the CERN LHC. Our numerical results show that the 2 → 3 process can be quite important, as its cross-section is about 60% of that for the 2 → 2 process at the LHC. We also show the pT distribution and the rapidity distributions for out-going particles. For the 2 → 3 process, the production rate of the [Formula: see text] final state can be larger than 100 fb with reasonable values of the free parameters. The possible signatures of the heavy T-quark might be detected via the process [Formula: see text] at the LHC.
STRONGLY INTERACTING MATTER AT HIGH ENERGY DENSITY
Authors: MCLERRAN LARRY
Published: December 2010

This lecture concerns the properties of strongly interacting matter (which is described by Quantum Chromodynamics) at very high energy density. I review the properties of matter at high temperature, discussing the deconfinement phase transition. At high baryon density and low temperature, large Nc arguments are developed which suggest that high baryonic density matter is a third form of matter, Quarkyonic Matter, that is distinct from confined hadronic matter and deconfined matter. I finally discuss the Color Glass Condensate which controls the high energy limit of QCD, and forms the low x part of a hadron wave function. The Glasma is introduced as matter formed by the Color Glass Condensate which eventually thermalizes into a Quark Gluon Plasma.
RIGOROUS DERIVATION OF A HYPERBOLIC MODEL FOR TAYLOR DISPERSION
Authors: MIKELIĆ ANDRO , VAN DUIJN C. J.
Published: December 2010

In this paper, we upscale the classical convection-diffusion equation in a narrow slit. We suppose that the transport parameters are such that we are in Taylor's regime, i.e. we deal with dominant Péclet numbers. In contrast to the classical work of Taylor, we undertake a rigorous derivation of the upscaled hyperbolic dispersion equation. Hyperbolic effective models were proposed by several authors and our goal is to confirm rigorously the effective equations derived by Balakotaiah et al. in recent years using a formal Lyapounov–Schmidt reduction. Our analysis uses the Laplace transform in time and an anisotropic singular perturbation technique, the small characteristic parameter ε being the ratio between the thickness and the longitudinal observation length. The Péclet number is written as Cε-α, with α < 2. Hyperbolic effective model corresponds to a high Péclet number close to the threshold value when Taylor's regime turns to turbulent mixing and we characterize it by assuming 4/3 < α < 2. We prove that the difference between the dimensionless physical concentration and the effective concentration, calculated using the hyperbolic upscaled model, divided by ε2-α (the local Péclet number) converges strongly to zero in L2-norm. For Péclet numbers considered in this paper, the hyperbolic dispersion equation turns out to give a better approximation than the classical parabolic Taylor model.
OPTIMAL LATENT PERIOD IN A BACTERIOPHAGE POPULATION MODEL STRUCTURED BY INFECTION-AGE
Authors: CALSINA ÀNGEL , PALMADA JOSEP M. , RIPOLL JORDI
Published: December 2010

We study the lysis timing of a bacteriophage population by means of a continuously infection-age-structured population dynamics model. The features of the model are the infection process of bacteria, the death process, and the lysis process which means the replication of bacteriophage viruses inside bacteria and the destruction of them. The time till lysis (or latent period) is assumed to have an arbitrary distribution. We have carried out an optimization procedure, and we have found that the latent period corresponding to maximal fitness (i.e. maximal growth rate of the bacteriophage population) is of fixed length. We also study the dependence of the optimal latent period on the amount of susceptible bacteria and the number of virions released by a single infection. Finally, the evolutionarily stable strategy of the latent period is also determined as a fixed period taking into account that super-infections are not considered.
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF CANCER INVASION: THE IMPORTANCE OF CELL–CELL ADHESION AND CELL–MATRIX ADHESION
Authors: CHAPLAIN MARK A. J. , LACHOWICZ MIROSŁAW , SZYMAŃSKA ZUZANNA , WRZOSEK DARIUSZ
Published: December 2010

The process of invasion of tissue by cancer cells is crucial for metastasis — the formation of secondary tumours — which is the main cause of mortality in patients with cancer. In the invasion process itself, adhesion, both cell–cell and cell–matrix, plays an extremely important role. In this paper, a mathematical model of cancer cell invasion of the extracellular matrix is developed by incorporating cell–cell adhesion as well as cell–matrix adhesion into the model. Considering the interactions between cancer cells, extracellular matrix and matrix degrading enzymes, the model consists of a system of reaction–diffusion partial integro–differential equations, with nonlocal (integral) terms describing the adhesive interactions between cancer cells and the host tissue, i.e. cell–cell adhesion and cell–matrix adhesion. Having formulated the model, we prove the existence and uniqueness of global in time classical solutions which are uniformly bounded. Then, using computational simulations, we investigate the effects of the relative importance of cell–cell adhesion and cell–matrix adhesion on the invasion process. In particular, we examine the roles of cell–cell adhesion and cell–matrix adhesion in generating heterogeneous spatio-temporal solutions. Finally, in the discussion section, concluding remarks are made and open problems are indicated.
SNAPPING ELASTIC CURVES AS A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ANALOGUE OF TWO-COMPONENT LIPID BILAYERS
Authors: HELMERS MICHAEL
Published: December 2010

In order to study a one-dimensional analogue of the spontaneous curvature model for two-component lipid bilayer membranes, we consider planar curves that are made of a material with two phases. Each phase induces a preferred curvature to the curve, and these curvatures as well as phase boundaries may lead to the development of kinks. We introduce a family of energies for smooth curves and phase fields, and we show that these energies Γ-converge to an energy for curves with a finite number of kinks. The theoretical result is illustrated by some numerical examples.
IMAGING USING TRANSPORT MODELS FOR WAVE–WAVE CORRELATIONS
Authors: BAL GUILLAUME , PINAUD OLIVIER
Published: December 2010

We consider the imaging of objects buried in unknown heterogeneous media. The medium is probed by using classical (e.g. acoustic or electromagnetic) waves. When heterogeneities in the medium become too strong, inversion methodologies based on a microscopic description of wave propagation (e.g. a wave equation or Maxwell's equations) become strongly dependent on the unknown details of the heterogeneous medium. In some situations, it is preferable to use a macroscopic model for a quantity that is quadratic in the wave fields. Here, such macroscopic models take the form of radiative transfer equations also referred to as transport equations. They can model either the energy density of the propagating wave fields or more generally the correlation of two wave fields propagating in possibly different media. In particular, we consider the correlation of the two fields propagating in the heterogeneous medium when the inclusion is absent and present, respectively. We present theoretical and numerical results showing that reconstructions based on this correlation are more accurate than reconstructions based on measurements of the energy density.
REINFORCEMENT OF THE POISSON EQUATION BY A THIN LAYER
Authors: LI JINGYU , ZHANG KAIJUN
Published: December 2010

We consider the problem of reinforcing an elastic medium by a strong, rough, thin external layer. This model is governed by the Poisson equation with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. We characterize the asymptotic behavior of the solution as the shear modulus of the layer goes to infinity. We find that there are four types of behaviors: the limiting solution satisfies Poisson equation with Dirichlet boundary condition, Robin boundary condition or Neumann boundary condition, or the limiting solution does not exist. The specific type depends on the integral of the load on the medium, the curvature of the interface and the scaling relations among the shear modulus, the thickness and the oscillation period of the layer.
Meso-functionalized aminoporphyrins as efficient agents for photo-antibacterial surfaces
Authors: Ringot Cyril , Saad Naima , Granet Robert , Bressollier Philippe , Sol Vincent , Krausz Pierre
Published: December 2010

Anionic, neutral and cationic amino porphyrins were synthesized as precursors of photodynamic antimicrobial agents with an aim to functionalize cotton surface through 1,3,5-triazine link. Structures of porphyrin-triazine derivatives were characterized by 1H NMR, MS and UV-vis confirming the feasibility of this novel concept. Porphyrinic cotton fabrics have been developed from these derivatives, and tested in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus. These novel photodynamic surfaces showed strong and varied antimicrobial activity.
Probing electrochemical and electrocatalytic properties of cobalt(II) and manganese(III) octakis(hexylthio)phthalocyanine as self-assembled monolayers
Authors: Mashazi Philani , Antunes Edith , Nyokong Tebello
Published: December 2010

New peripherally (β) and non-peripherally (α) substituted metal octakis(hexylthio)phthalocyanines (β- and α-MOcHexTPc) containing cobalt and manganese as metal centers were synthesized. Their characterization using electrochemical methods showed that these complexes exhibit several redox processes at E1/2 (mV vs. Ag∣AgCl) = 380 (212) (I), 1140 (864) (II), -450 (-460) (III) and -1170 (-1304) (IV) for β- (α-) CoOcHexTPc . These redox processes were assigned to CoIIIPc-2/CoIIPc-2 (I) , CoIIIPc-1/CoIIIPc-2 (II) , CoIIPc-2/CoIPc-2 (III) and CoIPc-2/CoIPc-3 (IV) using spectroelectrochemistry. For the β- (α-) MnOcHexTPc complex the redox processes were observed at E1/2 (mV vs. Ag∣AgCl) = -20 (5) (I), -530 (-640) (II) and -1270 (-1380) (III) and were assigned to MnIIIPc-2/MnIIPc-2 (I), MnIIPc-2/MnIIPc-3 (II) and MnIIPc-3/MnIIPc-4 (III) . Electrochemical and microscopic characterization using AFM showed that the self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are formed on the gold surface using these complexes. The electrochemical characterization showed the blocking of the Faradaic processes at SAMs modified electrodes and these reactions are well-known to easily occur at unmodified gold electrodes. The AFM characterization showed an increase in surface roughness upon modifying the gold surface with MOcHexTPc SAMs, further confirming the presence of the monolayers on the gold surface. The MOcHexTPc SAMs were investigated for their electrocatalytic application towards H2O2 detection. The MOcHexTPc SAMs modified gold electrodes gave excellent currents for H2O2 detection. The observed H 2 O2 electrocatalytic reduction peaks were close to where the metal redox processes from the MOcHexTPc occurred, showing the involvement of the metal redox processes in the electrocatalytic mediation reactions.
Syntheses, electrochemistry and photophysical properties of a series ofmeso-pyridylpentafluorophenylporphyrins
Authors: Moreira Emmanuel Z. , Ferreira Alba D.Q. , Neri Cláudio Roberto , Mukhopadhyay Sumitra , Dovidauskas Sérgio , Nikolaou Sofia , Iamamoto Yassuko
Published: December 2010

This work presents the synthesis and characterization of a series of substituted pyridylpentafluroporphyrins, including the separation of the cis- and trans-isomers, the latter being characterized by X-ray crystallography. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the series are dependent on the number of electron withdrawing pentafluorophenyl substituent, but they do not depend on the symmetry of the molecule. Ongoing from the monosubstituted to the more substituted pentafluorophenyl porphyrin H2(MPyTFPP) derivative, the Soret bands are slightly red-shifted and their quantum fluorescence yields range from 0.035 to 0.046, consistent with the value of 0.045 for the fully substituted 5,10,15,20-tetrapentafluorophenylporphyrin (dichloromethane solutions). The redox potentials of the reductive processes of monoanion and dianion formation are also sensitive to the number of pentafluoro substituents, shifting 180 mV to more positive values for the P0/P-1process ongoing from the monopentafluoro to the tris-pentafluorophenyl substituted derivative.
Electrospinning Fe(III)porphyrin/TiO2/poly(styrene) mixture: formation of a novel nanofiber photocatalyst for the photodegradation of methyl orange
Authors: Shao Linjun , Hu Baowei , Dong Pengdu , Ji Weixin , Qi Chenze
Published: December 2010

TiO2/PS, Fe(III) tetraphenylporphyrin (FeTPP)/PS and TiO2/FeTPP/PS nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning a mixture solution of corresponding compounds in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The absorbance of FeTPP was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy. The surface morphologies of these electrospun mats were evaluated with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their photocatalytic activities were examined with the photodegradation reaction of methyl orange in aqueous solution under the irradiation of visible light. The result shows that the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/FeTPP/PS mat is higher than that of FeTPP/PS mats, which in turn is better than that of TiO2/PS mats in the photodegradation of methyl orange. The degradation percent of methyl orange could be up to 97.8% in 3 h by the FeTPP/TiO2/PS mat photocatalyst.
Study on the photostability of water-soluble Zn(II) and Al(III) phthalocyanines in aqueous solution
Authors: Kuznetsova Nina A. , Makarov Dmitry A. , Yuzhakova Olga A. , Solovieva Ludmila I. , L. Kaliya Oleg
Published: December 2010

The photodegradation of a series of water-soluble Zn(II) and Al(III) phthalocyanines has been studied in aerobic aqueous solutions. The photobleaching quantum yields of zinc phthalocyanine derivatives range from 2.2 × 10-4 for octacarboxy- to 1.5 × 10-5 for ZnPc , bearing 16 positively charged groups on periphery. Their aluminum counterparts are more photostable and photobleach with quantum yields in the narrow range (0.75 ÷ 2 × 10-6). The pH dependences of the photobleaching quantum yields for aluminum phthalocyanines show enhanced photodegradation for molecules with deprotonated axial H2O ligand. Some aspects of the mechanism of dyes photodegradation were studied and discussed. It was found that contribution to photooxidation of type II pathways depends upon a particular dye structure. Thus, no contribution of singlet oxygen to the photooxidation of cationic phthalocyanines has been found, even though singlet oxygen is involved in the photodegradation of negatively charged phthalocyanines.
Synthesis and the electron transfer reaction of (metallo)-porphyrin linked with a fullerene through an (L)-lysine spacer
Authors: Arai Toru , Shimote Yoshikazu , Nishino Norikazu , Tsuge Akihiko
Published: December 2010

A novel visible-light induced electron transfer system composed of the free-base or Zn porphyrin, C60molecule, and an (L)-lysine was synthesized and characterized. The porphyrin and C60were covalently linked by the amide bonds through a relatively long and flexible spacer, (L)-lysine. The1H NMR spectrum of the Zn porphyrin/(L)-lysine/ C60conjugate (3Zn) suggested that C60caused the slow molecular motion of this molecule. The steady-state absorption and the emission spectra of 3Zn revealed the intramolecular excited-state electron transfer from the Zn porphyrin moiety to the C60moiety. The fluorescent lifetime measurement of the excited-state Zn porphyrin in 3Zn indicated the quenching by C60. The intermolecular electron transfer from the excited-state zinc porphyrin to the viologen derivative in the solution was examined. The Zn porphyrin/(L)-lysine/ C60conjugate and the free-base porphyrin/(L)-lysine/ C60conjugate were more effective catalysts than the tetraphenylporphyrin Zn complex, suggesting the intermediacy of the charge separation state, ZnP·+-C60·-.
Interaction design for mobile product recommendation agents
Authors: Lee Young Eun , Benbasat Izak
Published: December 2010

Mobile product recommendation agents (RAs) are software systems that operate on mobile handheld devices, using wireless Internet to support users' decisions en route, such as consumers' product choices in retail stores. As the demand for ubiquitous access to the web grows, potential benefits of mobile RAs have been recognized, albeit with little supporting empirical evidence. We investigate whether and how mobile RAs enhance users' decisions in retail stores by reducing the effort to make purchase decisions while augmenting the accuracy of the decisions. In addition, to identify potential design principles for mobile RAs, we compare and evaluate two interaction styles of mobile RAs: alternative-driven (RA-AL) versus attribute-driven (RA-AT) interactions. The results of a laboratory experiment conducted in a simulated store indicate that mobile RAs reduced users' perceived effort and increased accuracy of their decisions. Furthermore, RA-AL users made more accurate decisions than RA-AT users due to the RA-AL's interaction style, which was compatible with the way in which users processed information and made decisions in the store. These empirical results support the notion that mobile RAs should be designed to fit the user's task undertaken in the particular context.
Parallel prototyping leads to better design results, more divergence, and increased self-efficacy
Authors: Dow Steven P. , Glassco Alana , Kass Jonathan , Schwarz Melissa , Schwartz Daniel L. , Klemmer Scott R.
Published: December 2010

Iteration can help people improve ideas. It can also give rise to fixation, continuously refining one option without considering others. Does creating and receiving feedback on multiple prototypes in parallel, as opposed to serially, affect learning, self-efficacy, and design exploration? An experiment manipulated whether independent novice designers created graphic Web advertisements in parallel or in series. Serial participants received descriptive critique directly after each prototype. Parallel participants created multiple prototypes before receiving feedback. As measured by click-through data and expert ratings, ads created in the Parallel condition significantly outperformed those from the Serial condition. Moreover, independent raters found Parallel prototypes to be more diverse. Parallel participants also reported a larger increase in task-specific self-confidence. This article outlines a theoretical foundation for why parallel prototyping produces better design results and discusses the implications for design education.
Storage-Based Intrusion Detection
Authors: Pennington Adam G. , Griffin John Linwood , Bucy John S. , Strunk John D. , Ganger Gregory R.
Published: December 2010

Storage-based intrusion detection consists of storage systems watching for and identifying data access patterns characteristic of system intrusions. Storage systems can spot several common intruder actions, such as adding backdoors, inserting Trojan horses, and tampering with audit logs. For example, examination of 18 real intrusion tools reveals that most (15) can be detected based on their changes to stored files. Further, an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) embedded in a storage device continues to operate even after client operating systems are compromised. We describe and evaluate a prototype storage IDS, built into a disk emulator, to demonstrate both feasibility and efficiency of storage-based intrusion detection. In particular, both the performance overhead (< 1%) and memory required (1.62MB for 13995 rules) are minimal.
Authenticated Index Structures for Aggregation Queries
Authors: Li Feifei , Hadjieleftheriou Marios , Kollios George , Reyzin Leonid
Published: December 2010

Query authentication is an essential component in Outsourced DataBase (ODB) systems. This article introduces efficient index structures for authenticating aggregation queries over large datasets. First, we design an index that features good performance characteristics for static environments. Then, we propose more involved structures for the dynamic case. Our structures feature excellent performance for authenticating queries with multiple aggregate attributes and multiple selection predicates. Furthermore, our techniques cover a large number of aggregate types, including distributive aggregates (such as SUM, COUNT, MIN, and MAX), algebraic aggregates (such as the AVG), and holistic aggregates (such as MEDIAN and QUANTILE). We have also addressed the issue of authenticating aggregation queries efficiently when the database is encrypted to protect data confidentiality. Finally, we implemented a working prototype of the proposed techniques and experimentally validated the effectiveness and efficiency of our methods.
MPSS
Authors: Schultz David , Liskov Barbara , Liskov Moses
Published: December 2010

This article describes MPSS, a new way to do proactive secret sharing. MPSS provides
mobility
: The group of nodes holding the shares of the secret can change at each resharing, which is essential in a long-lived system. MPSS additionally allows the number of tolerated faulty shareholders to change when the secret is moved so that the system can tolerate more (or fewer) corruptions; this allows reconfiguration on-the-fly to accommodate changes in the environment.

MPSS includes an efficient protocol that is intended to be used in practice. The protocol is optimized for the common case of no or few failures, but degradation when there are more failures is modest. MPSS contains a step in which nodes accuse proposals made by other nodes; we show a novel way to handle these accusations when their verity cannot be known. We also present a way to produce accusations that can be verified without releasing keys of other nodes; verifiable accusations improve the performance of MPSS, and are a useful primitive independent of MPSS.
Uncovering Spoken Phrases in Encrypted Voice over IP Conversations
Authors: Wright Charles V. , Ballard Lucas , Coull Scott E. , Monrose Fabian , Masson Gerald M.
Published: December 2010

Although Voice over IP (VoIP) is rapidly being adopted, its security implications are not yet fully understood. Since VoIP calls may traverse untrusted networks, packets should be encrypted to ensure confidentiality. However, we show that it is possible toidentify the phrases spoken within encrypted VoIP callswhen the audio is encoded using variable bit rate codecs. To do so, we train a hidden Markov model using only knowledge of the phonetic pronunciations of words, such as those provided by a dictionary, and search packet sequences for instances of specified phrases. Our approach does not require examples of the speaker’s voice, or even example recordings of the words that make up the target phrase. We evaluate our techniques on a standard speech recognition corpus containing over 2,000 phonetically rich phrases spoken by 630 distinct speakers from across the continental United States. Our results indicate that we can identify phrases within encrypted calls with an average accuracy of 50%, and with accuracy greater than 90% for some phrases. Clearly, such an attack calls into question the efficacy of current VoIP encryption standards. In addition, we examine the impact of various features of the underlying audio on our performance and discuss methods for mitigation.
Mining Roles with Multiple Objectives
Authors: Molloy Ian , Chen Hong , Li Tiancheng , Wang Qihua , Li Ninghui , Bertino Elisa , Calo Seraphin , Lobo Jorge
Published: December 2010

With the growing adoption of Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) in commercial security and identity management products, how to facilitate the process of migrating a non-RBAC system to an RBAC system has become a problem with significant business impact. Researchers have proposed to use data mining techniques to discover roles to complement the costly top-down approaches for RBAC system construction. An important problem is how to construct RBAC systems with low complexity. In this article, we define the notion of weighted structural complexity measure and propose a role mining algorithm that mines RBAC systems with low structural complexity. Another key problem that has not been adequately addressed by existing role mining approaches is how to discover roles with semantic meanings. In this article, we study the problem in two primary settings with different information availability. When the only information is user-permission relation, we propose to discover roles whose semantic meaning is based on formal concept lattices. We argue that the theory of formal concept analysis provides a solid theoretical foundation for mining roles from a user-permission relation. When user-attribute information is also available, we propose to create roles that can be explained by expressions of user-attributes. Since an expression of attributes describes a real-world concept, the corresponding role represents a real-world concept as well. Furthermore, the algorithms we propose balance the semantic guarantee of roles with system complexity. Finally, we indicate how to create a hybrid approach combining top-down candidate roles. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches.
Robust Decentralized Virtual Coordinate Systems in Adversarial Environments
Authors: Zage David , Nita-Rotaru Cristina
Published: December 2010

Virtual coordinate systems provide an accurate and efficient service that allows hosts on the Internet to determine the latency to arbitrary hosts without actively monitoring all of the nodes in the network. Many of the proposed systems were designed with the assumption that all of the nodes are altruistic. However, this assumption may be violated by compromised nodes acting maliciously to degrade the accuracy of the coordinate system. As numerous peer-to-peer applications come to rely on virtual coordinate systems to achieve good performance, it is critical to address the security of such systems.

In this work, we demonstrate the vulnerability of decentralized virtual coordinate systems to insider (or Byzantine) attacks. We propose techniques to make the coordinate assignment robust to malicious attackers without increasing the communication cost. We use both spatial and temporal correlations to perform context-sensitive outlier analysis to reject malicious updates and prevent unnecessary and erroneous adaptations. We demonstrate the attacks and mitigation techniques in the context of a well-known virtual coordinate system using simulations based on three representative, real-life Internet topologies of hosts and corresponding Round Trip Times (RTT). We show the effects of the attacks and the utility of the mitigation techniques on the virtual coordinate system as seen by higher-level applications, elucidating the utility of deploying robust virtual coordinate systems as network services.
BLAC
Authors: Tsang Patrick P. , Au Man Ho , Kapadia Apu , Smith Sean W.
Published: December 2010

Several credential systems have been proposed in which users can authenticate to service providers anonymously. Since anonymity can give users the license to misbehave, some variants allow the selective deanonymization (or linking) of misbehaving users upon a complaint to a Trusted Third Party (TTP). The ability of the TTP to revoke a user’s privacy at any time, however, is too strong a punishment for misbehavior. To limit the scope of deanonymization, some systems have been proposed in which users can be deanonymized only if they authenticate “too many times,” such as “double spending” with electronic cash. While useful in some applications, such techniques cannot be generalized to more subjective definitions of misbehavior, for example, using such schemes it is not possible to block anonymous users who “deface too many Web pages” on a Web site.

We present BLAC, the first anonymous credential system in which service providers can revoke the credentials of misbehaving users without relying on a TTP . Since revoked users remain anonymous, misbehaviors can be judged subjectively without users fearing arbitrary deanonymization by a TTP . Additionally, our construction supports a
d-strikes-out
revocation policy, whereby users who have been subjectively judged to have repeatedly misbehaved at least
d
times are revoked from the system. Thus, for the first time, it is indeed possible to block anonymous users who have “defaced too many Web pages” using our scheme.
Interactive simulations to help teenagers cope when a parent has a traumatic brain injury
Authors: Dumas Jean E. , Szilas Nicolas , Richle Urs , Boggini Thomas
Published: December 2010

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of long-term disability and death worldwide. This article describes an ongoing research project to design, develop, and evaluate interactive learning simulations that integrate educational materials for uninjured teenagers who have a parent with a TBI. By immersing players in an interactive environment that resembles the gaming world with which most teenagers are familiar, these simulations are designed to help players develop knowledge and skills in circumstances approximating real-life settings. We describe the steps we took, both to consult with families affected by TBI to understand the difficulties teenagers commonly face when they live with a brain-injured parent, and to weave some of these difficulties into a pedagogical drama that can be played as an interactive game.
The music pattern
Authors: Ning Cong , Zhou Steven
Published: December 2010

This article introduces the Music Pattern, a musical tabletop application that enables both novice and musically trained users to compose and play music in a creative and intuitive way. We begin by demonstrating the value of adopting human computer interaction (HCI) for creating music, especially for less musically trained users, and then provide a literature review to further explore the current approaches to a tangible user interface (TUI), as well as simulation of live performance, from which our design philosophy is drawn and stated. We then introduce the game design and implementation of the Music Pattern. Lastly, an early user study and a discussion are included.
Understanding how the affective quality of motion is perceived in the user interface
Authors: Park Doyun , Lee Ji-Hyun
Published: December 2010

More than ever, entertainment is being serviced via digital media. In this context, the user interface design must consider emotion, since it is a key aspect of entertainment. To approach user emotion, the affective quality of the user interface needs to be designed appropriately. In comparison to static elements such as color and texture, motion has received little attention, despite its increasing use for digital content. To gain positive emotion from an entertainment experience through interactive digital media, motion needs to be designed for affective quality as well. In this study, we investigated how the affective quality of motion is perceived in user interfaces. To do this, the Effort system, which is part of Laban's theory, and describes the affective quality of movement, was examined in relation to three properties of general motion: path curvature, duration, and acceleration. The applicability of the Effort system for the design of motion in user interfaces was also discussed.
Exploitation of Contextual Affect-Sensing and Dynamic Relationship Interpretation
Authors: Zhang Li
Published: December 2010

Real-time contextual affect-detection from open-ended text-based dialogue is challenging but essential for the building of effective intelligent user interfaces. In our previous work, an affect-detection component was developed, which was embedded in an intelligent agent interacting with human-controlled characters under the improvisation of loose scenarios. The affect-detection module is capable of detecting 25 basic and complex emotions based on the analysis of pure individual turn-taking input without any contextual inference. In this article, we report developments on equipping the intelligent agent with the abilities of interpreting dynamic inter-relationships between improvisational human-controlled characters and performing contextual affect-sensing, based on the discussion topics, the improvisational “mood” that one has created, relationship interpretation between characters, and the most recent affect profiles of other characters. Evaluation results on the updated affect-detection component are also reported. Overall, the performances of the contextual affect-sensing and dynamic relationship interpretation are promising. The work contributes to the journal themes on affective computing, human-robots/agent interaction, and narrative-based interactive theatre.
LightTracker
Authors: Gokcezade Adam , Leitner Jakob , Haller Michael
Published: December 2010

In this article we present LightTracker -- an open-source toolkit for vision-based multi-touch setups. Using this toolkit, we can dynamically create and manipulate the image processing pipeline at runtime. After presenting various new requirements derived from hardware configurations as well as literature review, features and shortcomings of available tracking solutions are discussed and compared to our proposed toolkit. This is followed by a detailed description of the toolkit’s functionality, including the filter chain and the improved calibration module. We also present implementation details such as the plug-in system and the multithreaded architecture. To illustrate the advantages of the toolkit, an interactive gaming couch table based on LightTracker is introduced.
Move, Beam, and Check! Imagineering Tangible Optical Chess on An Interactive Tabletop Display
Authors: Wu Andy , Joyner David , Do Ellen Yi-Luen
Published: December 2010

This article presents Tangible Optical Chess, a tangible version of Optical Chess, a strategy game implemented on an interactive tabletop display. We discuss the design and implementation of both systems and report our evaluation game play sessions and our observations during the open house demonstration events at our research center.
In vivo activation of ROCK1 by insulin is impaired in skeletal muscle of humans with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Chun Kwang-Hoon , Choi Kang-Duk , Lee Dae-Ho , Jung YoonShin , Henry Robert R. , Ciaraldi Theodore P. , Kim Young-Bum
Published: December 2010

To determine whether serine/threonine ROCK1 is activated by insulin in vivo in humans and whether impaired activation of ROCK1 could play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, we measured the activity of ROCK1 and the protein content of the Rho family in vastus lateralis muscle of lean, obese nondiabetic, and obese type 2 diabetic subjects. Biopsies were taken after an overnight fast and after a 3-h hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. Insulin-stimulated GDR was reduced 38% in obese nondiabetic subjects compared with lean, 62% in obese diabetic subjects compared with lean, and 39% in obese diabetic compared with obese nondiabetic subjects (all comparisons P < 0.001). Insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is impaired 41–48% in diabetic subjects compared with lean or obese subjects. Basal activity of ROCK1 was similar in all groups. Insulin increased ROCK1 activity 2.1-fold in lean and 1.7-fold in obese nondiabetic subjects in muscle. However, ROCK1 activity did not increase in response to insulin in muscle of obese type 2 diabetic subjects without change in ROCK1 protein levels. Importantly, insulin-stimulated ROCK1 activity was positively correlated with insulin-mediated GDR in lean subjects ( P < 0.01) but not in obese or type 2 diabetic subjects. Moreover, RhoE GTPase that inhibits the catalytic activity of ROCK1 by binding to the kinase domain of the enzyme is notably increased in obese type 2 diabetic subjects, accounting for defective ROCK1 activity. Thus, these data suggest that ROCK1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of resistance to insulin action on glucose disposal in muscle of obese type 2 diabetic subjects.
Characterizations of Tight Frame Wavelets with Special Dilation Matrices
Authors: Yongdong Huang , Fengjuan Zhu
Published: December 2010

We study all generalized low‐pass filters and tight frame wavelets with special dilation
matrix M (M‐TFW), where M satisfies Md = 2Id and generates the checkerboard lattice.
Firstly, we study the pseudoscaling function, generalized low‐pass filters and multiresolution analysis
tight frame wavelets with dilation matrix M (MRA M‐TFW), and also give some important
characterizations about them. Then, we characterize all M‐TFW by showing precisely their corresponding
dimension functions which are nonnegative integer valued. Finally, we also show that an
M‐TFW arises from our MRA construction if and only if the dimension of a particular linear space
is either zero or one.
Thrombopoietin Receptor Levels in Tumor Cell Lines and Primary Tumors
Authors: Erickson-Miller Connie L. , Chadderton Antony , Gibbard Anna , Kirchner Jennifer , Pillarisetti Kodandaram , Baker Katherine , Pandite Lini , El-Hariry Iman , Mostafa Kamel Yasser , Liu Yuan , Martin Anne-Marie , Messam Conrad
Published: December 2010

Thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonists represent a new approach for the treatment of thrombocytopenia, which may develop as a consequence of immune thrombocytopenia, chemotherapy treatment, chronic hepatitis C infection, or myelodysplastic syndromes. There are concerns that use of certain growth factors can hasten disease progression in some types of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. In this study, expression ofMPL(TPO-R) mRNA was examined in tumor cell lines, patient tumor samples (renal cell carcinoma, prostatic carcinoma, soft tissue and bony/cartilage sarcoma, colon cancer, and lymphoma), and normal tissues using microarray analysis and qRT-PCR.MPLmRNA is expressed at very low or undetectable levels compared with erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), human epidermal growth factor (ERBB2; HER2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) in these patient samples. These data suggest TPO-R agonists will likely preferentially stimulate proliferation and differentiation of cells of megakaryocytic lineage, potentially demonstrating their utility for correcting thrombocytopenia in clinical settings.
Controllability of Second‐OrderEquations in L2(Ω)
Authors: Leiva Hugo , Merentes Nelson
Published: December 2010

We present a simple proof of the interior approximate controllability for the following broad class of second‐order equations in the Hilbert space L2(Ω): , t ∈ (0, τ], y(0) = y0, , where Ω is a domain in ℝN(N ≥ 1), y0, y1 ∈ L2(Ω), ω is an open nonempty subset of Ω, 1ω denotes the characteristic function of the set ω, the distributed control u belongs to L2(0, τ; L2(Ω)), and A : D(A) ⊂ L2(Ω) → L2(Ω) is an unbounded linear operator with the following spectral decomposition: , with the eigenvalues λj given by the following formula: λj = j2mπ2m, j = 1,2, 3, … and m ≥ 1 is a fixed integer number, multiplicity γj is equal to the dimension of the corresponding eigenspace, and {ϕj,k} is a complete orthonormal set of eigenvectors (eigenfunctions) of A. Specifically, we prove the following statement: if for an open nonempty set ω ⊂ Ω the restrictions of ϕj,k to ω are linearly independent functions on ω, then for all τ ≥ 2/πm−1 the system is approximately controllable on [0, τ]. As an application, we prove the controllability of the 1D wave equation.
Long‐Term Behavior of Solutions of the Difference Equation xn+1 = xn−1xn−2 − 1
Authors: Kent Candace M. , Kosmala Witold , Stević Stevo
Published: December 2010

We investigate the long‐term behavior of solutions of the following difference equation: xn+1 = xn−1xn−2 − 1, n ∈ ℕ0, where the initial values x−2, x−1, and x0 are real numbers. Numerous fascinating properties of the solutions of the equation are presented.
Effect of Ecotype and Latitude on Growth, Frost Hardiness, and Oxidative Stress of South to North Transplanted Scots Pine Seedlings
Authors: Taulavuori Erja , Taulavuori Kari , Niinimaa Ahti , Laine Kari
Published: December 2010

Ecotypes of Pinus sylvestris seedlings from Kuhmo (64°N) and Ranua (66°N) were transplanted to 0 (control), 1, 2, and 3°N higher latitude in Northern Finland in 1997. Sampling was carried out twice per year (spring/autumn) during 1998–2000. Shoot elongation, total nitrogen concentration, frost hardiness and oxidative stress state (lipid peroxidation, glutathione reductase activity, and protein oxidation) in the needles were analyzed. Comparison between the seasonal sampling times indicated that total nitrogen, lipid peroxidation, glutathione reductase activity, and protein oxidation were lower in autumn, during which the frost hardiness was higher. The above suggests that the stress conditions were higher in spring. Comparison between the origins of the seedlings demonstrated that shoot elongation of the northern origin were minor, while their total nitrogen concentrations and frost hardiness were more pronounced. Effect of latitude on elongation of Scots pine is most probably a result of a combination of temperature and light quality. No delay in frost hardening due to higher latitude was observed during the autumnal equinox. No marked stress caused by transplantation to the north was either observed. It is concluded that southern ecotypes of Scots pine have the potential to adapt to migration driven by a warming climate.
Long-Term Impact Evaluation of Ground-Base Skidding on Residual Damaged Trees in the Hyrcanian Forest, Iran
Authors: Ezzati Sattar , Najafi Akbar
Published: December 2010

We investigated the long-term effects of ground-base skidding on residual damage severity on the healing of residual damaged trees in forests of northern Iran twenty-years post logging operation. Characteristics examined included wound size, location, severity, height from ground level, number of wound on the damaged tree stems, and distance of damaged tree from centerline of the skid trail on a 8-meter distance alongside the abandonment skid trail. There were some crucial changes in the characteristics of the wounds on the damaged trees stems, which have been investigated on the high traffic intensity and the low traffic intensity. Results showed that an average amount of damaged trees alongside skid trails, which were 100% inventoried, were 18.83%. Results also confirmed that based on the available measurements of a twenty year period, it is too early to make any definite conclusion about how long it will take for occlusion of wounds on tree stems to fully heal from timber operations.
Heat and Solvent Resistant Electrospun Polybenzoxazole Nanofibers from Methoxy‐Containing Polyaramide
Authors: Duan Gaigai , Jiang Shaohua , Chen Shuiliang , Hou Haoqing
Published: December 2010

Polybenzoxazole (PBO) nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning and thermal conversion from its precursor, methoxy‐containing polyaramide (MeO‐PA). The MeO‐PA was synthesized from low‐cost monomers. The structures and properties of polymers (MeO‐PA and PBO) were characterized by FT‐IR, TGA, DSC, OPM, SEM, and so forth. It was found that the PBO nanofibers had a diameter ranging from 300 nm to 350 nm. The PBO nanofiber mats with high porosity provided a promising prospect in high‐temperature filter materials, heat insulation materials, and high‐temperature protection materials for its outstanding heat and solvent resistance and in preparing carbon nanofibers for its high char yield percentage.
On a Suzuki Type General Fixed Point Theorem with Applications
Authors: Singh SL , Pathak HK , Mishra SN
Published: December 2010

The main result of this paper is a fixed-point theorem which extends numerous fixed point theorems for contractions on metric spaces and recently developed Suzuki type contractions. Applications to certain functional equations and variational inequalities are also discussed.
Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infections in Australia and New Zealand: A Review of Current Practice
Authors: Denholm Justin T. , McBryde Emma S.
Published: December 2010

Aim: To survey practices in the diagnosis and management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Australia and New Zealand.Methods: Infectious diseases and respiratory physicians and trainees were invited to complete an online questionnaire concerning various aspects of LTBI management.Results: The questionnaire was completed by 126 clinicians self-reporting regular management of LTBI. Respondents were experienced physicians, with 95/126 (75.4%) having managed LTBI for more than 5 years. Forty-seven (37.3%) reported seeing more than 5 patients per month for assessment of LTBI. Substantial variation among clinicians was reported in relation to a number of common clinical scenarios. For instance, while 52/126 (43.7%) informed patients that the incidence of severe hepatotoxicity related to isoniazid monotherapy was 0.1–0.5%, 21/126 (15.7%) thought it was>5%. 36/126 (28.6%) clinicians would proceed with TNF-atherapy following an indeterminate screening: interferon-?assay, while 78/126 (61.9%) would perform further investigations and 12/126 (9.5%) would initiate isoniazid therapy. Follow-up intervals during therapy varied from 1–3 monthly, with liver function testing performed routinely by 89/126 (70.6%).Conclusion: This study demonstrated a large degree of variation in clinical practice of LTBI management in Australia and New Zealand. Strategies for increasing uniformity of practice are required, including improved guidelines and physician education.
Antiobesogenic and Antiatherosclerotic Properties ofCaralluma fimbriataExtract
Authors: Kamalakkannan Soundararajan , Rajendran Ramaswamy , Venkatesh Ramasamy V. , Clayton Paul , Akbarsha Mohammad A.
Published: December 2010

There is evidence that the principles present in the widely consumed Indian food plantC. fimbriataextract (CFE) suppress appetite, and provide antiobesogenic and metabolic benefits. The Diet-Induced Obesity (DIO) rat model was used to investigate CFE's anorexigenic effects. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: (i) untreated control (C), (ii) control for cafeteria diet (CA), and (iii) cafeteria diet fed + CFE treated. Rats in the test group received cafeteria diet and CFE from day one onwards. CFE was administered by gavage at three doses (25, 50, 100 mg/Kg BW per day) for 90 days. The antiobesogenic effects of CFE were evaluated by monitoring changes in feed intake, body weight, serum lipid and hormonal (leptin) profiles, fat pads, and liver weight. Antiatherosclerotic effects were measured by histology. CFE induced significant and dose-dependent inhibition of food intake, with dose-related prevention of gains in body weight, liver weight, and fat pad mass. Alterations in serum lipid profiles associated with weight gain were similarly inhibited, as were the typical increases in serum leptin levels. These data substantiate CFE's reported anorexigenic effects. CFE treatment also conferred protection against atherogenesis. We conclude that CFE possesses antiobesogenic and antiatherosclerotic properties.