bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Initial growth of cassava plants cv. Mossoró under different water regimes
Authors: De Mélo Neto Domingos Ferreira , Coelho Daniel Gomes , De Andrade Moab Torres , Oliveira Alves Jandelson De
Published: October 2018

The sprouting phase of cassava is critical for the establishment of the plant, with this phase

being dependent on soil moisture. As such, this study evaluated the effect of different irrigation levels on

the initial growth of cassava cv. Mossoró in semi-arid conditions. The experiment was conducted under

completely randomized design conditions with 5 replications. The treatments in pots containing one plant per

experimental unit consisted of 5 irrigation levels, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the reference evapotranspiration

(ETo, mm day-1), which corresponded to totals for the experimental period of 11.20; 42.15; 73.09; 104.03

and 134.97 mm, respectively. At 30 days after planting, the number of leaves and stems, as well as the

dry mass of the shoot and the root had increased sharply for irrigation levels up to 73.09 mm. For higher

irrigation levels there was a tendency for plant growth stabilization; however, above 104.03 mm there was

a decrease. Shoot and root dry mass ratio showed severe water stress at the 11.20 mm level, being more

damaging to root growth. Plant height showed a positive linear trend as the level of irrigation was increased,

as opposed to water use efficiency. Therefore, irrigation with 50% replacement of ETo (73.09 mm) provided

the best conditions for early growth of cassava.
YAŞLILARIN SAĞLIK/HASTALIK DURUMLARININ TOPLUM SAĞLIĞI AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ASLAN Dilek , KOÇ Ekin , ÇOLAKLAR Merve
Published: October 2018

“Bilgelik” ya da “ikinci çocukluk” olarak

da adlandırılan yaşlılık dönemi bireylerde fizyolojik, psikolojik, sosyolojik

vb. değişimler açısından önemli bir dönemdir. Bireylerin bu dönemi sağlıklı

geçirebilmeleri için yaşamlarının çok erken evrelerinden itibaren önleyici

davranışları içselleştirmeleri gerekir. Ülkemizde ve dünyada yaşlı birey

sayısının artma eğiliminde olduğu dikkate alındığında, bütün toplumların yaşlılık

konusunda sistem temelli değişiklikler yapma gereksinimleri öne çıkmaktadır.

Yaşlıların heterojen bir grup olduğu

bilinmektedir. Dolayısıyla, yaşlılık döneminde sağlık ve diğer gereksinimler de

birbirinden farklılaşabilmektedir. Bütün bu nedenlerle yaşlılar için planların

ve programların bireylerin ve toplumun öncelikli gereksinimlerine göre

yapılması uygun olur.

Bu yazı kapsamında; yaşlanınca nelerin

değiştiği ve özellikle sağlık/hastalık durumlarındaki farklılıklar

incelenmiştir. Bu inceleme sırasında yaşlılığın kavramsal olarak tanımı,

geçmişten bugüne kavramlardaki değişimler, sağlık/hastalık konularında öne

çıkanlar, sağlıklı bir yaşlanma için öneriler üzerinde durulmuştur. Hastalık

yükünün azaltılmasının yanı sıra yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi için koruyucu

ve sağlığın korunması yaklaşımlarının geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Nephrotoxicity rates related to colistin and evaluation of risk factors
Authors: ASAN Ali , KARASU Derya , GÜL Cuma Bülent , AKINCIOĞLU Gülsün , KOCA Nizameddin , AKÇA Mustafa Özgür , YILMAZ Canan , KARADUMAN İsra , KÖSE Şükran
Published: October 2018

Objectives: Colistimethate
sodium (colistin) is the member of polymyxins, the cyclic structured cationic
polypeptide antibiotics. The purpose of our study is to determine the patients’
nephrotoxicity rates and risk factors related to nephrotoxicity development
that are under colistin treatment in the tertiary intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: One-hundred
colistin received patients files were reviewed retrospectively, who were in
tertiary ICU in Bursa Yüksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital. Fifteen
patients with the history of renal failurewere excluded from the study. The
data before the first colistin treatment was taken into consideration for the
patients received repetitive colistin treatment. RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure,
Loss of kidney function, and End-stage kidney disease) classification was used
for the evaluation of nephrotoxicity. Results: The
patients mean age was 67.81 ± 16.56 years (range: 21-94) and 52.9% were male. Nephrotoxicity was determined in 35 (41.2%) patients.
According to the RIFLE classification the nephrotoxicity rates were determined
for risk, injury and deficiency were 24.7%, 10.6% and 5.9%, respectively.
Nephrotoxicity was detectedin 9 (25.7%) out of 35 patients on the first day of
the colistin treatment. Mortality rate was observed as 82.9% in patients with
nephrotoxicity.

Conclusions: Colistin
treatment is preferable for the treatment of multi drug resistant infections in
intensive care unit. The patients,under certain circumstances, i.e., malignancy, using additional nephrotoxic agent and elder age must be closely monitored for the possible
nephrotoxicity development.
Access to social security for digital platform workers in Germany and in Russia: a comparative study
Authors: Chesalina Olga
Published: October 2018

Abstract: A common feature of platform work in Germany and Russia is that in both countries the new forms of employment can usually only be classified as self-employed work in the form of ‘solo self-employment’, despite the fact that platforms use direct and indirect control mechanisms indicating a personal or at least an economic dependency of the digital workers on the platforms. The difference is that, in Germany, as the main rule, self-employed persons are not obligatorily insured in the state pesion insurance scheme, whereas in Russia, unlike Germany, the state pension insurance scheme is mandatory for all self-employed persons.Considering the different legal frameworks in Germany and in Russia, the article analyses various reform proposals aiming at tackling the above-mentioned challenges for the social security systems, and looks for adequate responses to ensure access to social security for digital platform workers. In particular, the following questions are investigated: Is it sufficient to subsume digital work under the existing employment categories? Could it be an appropriate solution for the access of digital workers to social security to introduce a new employment category only in social law?Keywords: digital platform worker, social security, self-employed person
İBADET İLE İLGİLİ SÖZ VARLIĞININ ESKİ ANADOLU TÜRKÇESİ KUR’AN TERCÜMELERİNDEKİ KARŞILIKLARI
Authors: KUYMA Erol
Published: October 2018

İnançla
ilgi ifadeler, dilin söz varlığı içerisinde kavram alanı olarak ayrı bir yere
sahiptir. Dinî söz varlığı toplumların tarihleri boyunca manevi birikimlerini,
dini algılayış biçimlerini ve bu bunları ifade ediş şekillerini temsil eder.
Dinî söz varlığını oluşturan kelimeler, başka dillerden alıntı olabileceği gibi
mevcut kelimelerden türetme veya kelimelere yeni anlamlar kazandırma yoluyla
oluşturulabilirler. Bu anlamda Kur’an tercümeleri, dinî söz varlığının
oluşumunda öncelikli bir yere sahiptir. Türkiye Türkçesinin temelini oluşturan
Eski Anadolu Türkçesi, kelime hazinesi bakımından günümüz söz varlığına önemli
katkılar sağlayacak bir kaynak niteliği taşımaktadır. Özellikle inançla ilgili
söz varlığı açısından Eski Anadolu Türkçesi döneminde yapılmış satır arası
Kur’an tercümeleri dikkate değer sayı ve nitelikte örnekler barındırmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, “ibadet” başlığı altında tercümelerde yer alan söz varlığı
örnekleri ele alınmıştır. İbadet kelimesi, iman, ihlas, niyet, tefekkür, namaz,
oruç, dil ile zikir, zekât, sadaka, yakınlara ve fakirlere yardım gibi alt
başlıkları olan bir kavram alanını temsil eder. Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Kur’an
tercümelerinde bu kavramlara karşılık gelen ifadeler, geçtikleri ayetler
üzerinden tespit edilerek Türk dilinin o dönemde bu kavramları nasıl
karşıladığı görülmeye çalışılmıştır. Mütercimlerin genel olarak kelime grubu
şeklinde bir çeviri yolunu seçtikleri görülmektedir. Fiilimsi grupları, isim ve
sıfat tamlamaları, birleşik fiiller bu kavramların çevirisinde öne çıkmaktadır.
Arapça kelimelere de sıkça başvurulmuş, yardımcı fiiller yoluyla Türkçeleştirme
yolu seçilmiştir. Kelime gruplarının tercih edilmesi Arapça ifadelerin Türkçeye
çevirisinde daha anlaşılır ve açık bir anlatım oluşturma çabası şeklinde
değerlendirilebilir. İki ayrı satır altı Kur’an tercümesinden elde edilen söz
varlığı örnekleri Allah lafzı olan Kur’an’ın çevirisinde gösterilen hassasiyeti
ve Türkçenin ifade gücünü göstermesi bakımından önem taşımaktadır.
Long Bone Union Accurately Predicted by Cortical Bridging within 4 Months
Authors: DiSilvio Frank , Foyil Sarah , Schiffman Brett , Bernstein Mitchell , Summers Hobie , Lack William D.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Previous retrospective research found that the presence or absence of bridging callus within 4 months postoperatively discriminated accurately between eventual union and nonunion of fractures of the tibial shaft. However, there remains no consensus regarding early prognostication of long bone nonunion. We prospectively assessed the accuracy and reliability of the presence of any bridging callus within 4 months in a cohort that was expanded to include both tibial and femoral shaft fractures.

Methods:

We identified 194 consecutive fractures of the shaft of the tibia (OTA/AO type 42-A, B, or C) and femur (OTA/AO type 32-A, B, or C) that were treated with intramedullary nailing. Exclusions for inadequate follow-up (55), extended delay prior to nailing (10), and skeletal immaturity (3) resulted in a study population of 126 fractures (56 tibiae and 70 femora) in 115 patients. Digital radiographs made between 3 and 4 months postoperatively were independently assessed by 3 orthopaedic traumatologists. The accuracy of assessment of the presence of any bridging callus, bicortical bridging, and tricortical bridging to predict union or nonunion was assessed with chi-square analysis and by interobserver reliability (kappa statistic).

Results:

The nonunion rate was 4% (5 of 126 fractures). The presence of any bridging callus by 4 months accurately predicted union (121 of 122 fractures) and its absence predicted nonunion (4 of 4 fractures). There was 1 incorrect prediction of union for a fracture that failed to unite (p < 0.001). Bicortical or greater bridging predicted union when present (116 of 116 fractures) and nonunion when absent (5 of 10 fractures), incorrectly predicting that 5 healing fractures would go on to nonunion (p < 0.001). Tricortical or greater bridging predicted union when present (103 of 103 fractures) and nonunion when absent (5 of 23 fractures), incorrectly predicting that 18 healing fractures would go on to nonunion (p < 0.001). Interobserver reliability was calculated for any bridging (kappa value, 0.91), bicortical bridging (kappa value, 0.79), tricortical bridging (kappa value, 0.71), and the exact number of cortices bridged (kappa value, 0.67).

Conclusions:

The presence of any bridging callus within 4 months accurately predicts the final healing outcome for tibial and femoral shaft fractures treated with intramedullary nailing. This criterion is simple and reliable, and only standard radiographs are needed to make the determination. Basing the prognosis on the bridging of additional cortices risks overestimation of the nonunion rate and is associated with relatively poor reliability.
Technology Update: Optimizing Well Productivity: Horizontal Logs Unlock Critical Geologic Knowledge
Authors: King John
Published: October 2018

Technology Update

With drilling on the rise, US oil production is expected to continue to increase. However, many industry professionals are concerned that the “brute force” model, which has seen a massive influx of capital flow into completion and hydraulic fracturing operations, is not an economically sustainable business model. There is a growing belief that better understanding of the effectiveness of completion designs and hydraulic fracturing strategies will require far greater subsurface geological understanding. Moreover, continued well productivity improvements will only be realized through improved reservoir characterization, and by applying formation petro-physical and geomechanical information to optimize methods of drilling, completing, and stimulating wells.

There has been considerable media attention focused on how the industry is drilling wells longer and more quickly, as well as applying higher-intensity fractures. Until recently, however, there has been less emphasis on constructing productive wells with less capital.

Traditional vertical well tool conveyance methods effectively addressed industry logging requirements for almost a century, but in today’s “horizontal” world, conventional methodologies are either not applicable or expensive and risky. Essentially, the multibillion-dollar logging market has not quite been turned upside down, but has toppled onto its side.

Using available industry data, the low-hanging fruit in the growing “big data” boom, geosciences departments have labored to build accurate high-resolution geological models. Given the nonhomogeneous nature of the geology in unconventional reservoirs, applying vertical offset well logs and interpolating field reservoir models is generally accepted as a good start, but hardly the complete solution. To develop an accurate reservoir model, the heterogeneous nature of shale plays requires far greater data resolution than most operators appreciate. If operators are going to efficiently exploit every stage of their wellbore, they need accurate, measured formation insights along every foot of the horizontal wellbore. Geometric completions and fracturing strategies are not practical or effective in these unpredictable heterogenous environments. Along the wellbore, operators are encountering highly variable rock properties that affect fracturing efficiencies, and result in poor or unexpected well production results.

This trend is forcing producers to evaluate stage-by-stage production contributions. They are finding that large portions of their wells are not contributing. There is a growing realization that improved well results that are repeatable and predictable are only going to come about by enhancing production at every stage in the wellbore. This requires engineered completions programs and tailored fracturing strategies that account for the considerable rock heterogeneity along the lateral.
What Happens When Facebook Technology Meets Oil Well Records
Authors: Jacobs Trent
Published: October 2018

A former industry IT expert recently invented a program using open-source social media technology to make the work of inquisitive oil and gas engineers a little more like that of a special agent.

Named WellLine, it is the brainchild of Jeff Dalgliesh, the director of oil field digital transformation at Silicon Valley-based Maana, who previously spent 18 years at Chevron as a drilling and completions IT manager.

Though similar tools exist, WellLine reflects a couple of important trends taking place across the oil industry’s expanding digital landscape. The first is the speed at which big data solutions can be assembled—in this case, it took less than a single summer with just three people. The other is the expanding encroachment of free and open-source technology into the oil and gas enterprise software domain.

“This accelerated pace of development is going to become the norm because a lot of the stuff you’re doing is reusing application components,” Dalgliesh said. “The thing is, if there is good technology out there, just figure out how to use it. That’s Maana’s story—we integrate a bunch of technologies and build applications fast.”

Behind WellLine are several non-proprietary query languages, user interface toolsets, and natural language processing (NLP) systems. Each help to thread together thousands of well records from the industry’s most-popular well document management systems and other unconnected databases. This makes searching for well events about as easy and intuitive as checking up on friends and family using Facebook.

But instead of birthdays, vacation photos, and marriage announcements, WellLine extracts any desired detail from drilling, production, and intervention reports. A key feature of the product’s dashboard is a chronological timeline (hence the software’s name) of a well that shows every notable event ever recorded.

“If you’re a driller and want to see the life history of a well based on all these documents, databases, and production systems, right now you have to go through multiple systems,” Dalgliesh explained. He thinks that by intuitively and quickly unearthing historical data, operators will be better able to flesh out offset-well drilling plans, select workover candidates, or de-risk plug and abandonment operations.

Dalgliesh shared details of the new product line for Maana’s platform at the SPE Engenious symposium on upstream innovation in September. The 6-year-old startup has been involved in oil and gas projects since 2016, when it attracted $26 million in venture funding, part of which came from Chevron, Shell, and Saudi Aramco.

From the podium, he said that oil and gas companies should start using their data just like a state intelligence agency would. “They would run algorithms on it, and those algorithms would rip it apart, find out who is being talked about, what’s being talked about, and connect it all together,” he said.
Huff 'n' Puff Gas-Injection Pilot Improves Oil Recovery in the Eagle Ford
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: October 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 189816, “Huff ’n’ Puff Gas-Injection Pilot Projects in the Eagle Ford,” by B. Todd Hoffman, SPE, Montana Tech, prepared for the 2018 SPE Canada Unconventional Resources Conference, Calgary, 13–14 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The Eagle Ford formation has produced approximately 2 billion bbl of oil during the last 7 years, yet its potential may be even greater. Using improved oil-recovery (IOR) methods could result in billions of additional barrels of production. While a number of companies have field-tested an IOR method called huff ’n’ puff gas injection, most of the published results are from laboratory and modeling studies. This paper evaluates the results of these field tests and discusses the potential of the huff ’n’ puff method in the formation.

Introduction

The Eagle Ford formation, formed during the late Cretaceous, is a laminated calcareous organic rich shale. The shale was deposited in a low-energy anoxic marine shelf environment, which allowed for rapid deposition and burial of abundant organic material. The Eagle Ford is divided typically into two sections: the Upper, which was deposited during a regional marine regression, and the Lower, which was deposited during a transgressional period and tends to have more organic-rich black shale. The Eagle Ford is laterally continuous and spatially extensive throughout much of southern Texas.

The matrix permeability of the reservoir is low enough that typical hydrocarbon migration is restricted, causing the oil-rich rocks to be stratigraphically higher than the gas-filled ones.

Results of Previous Huff ’n’ Puff Pilot Projects

The huff ’n’ puff process involves injecting a miscible gas into a well and then, after some time has passed, producing back from that same well. Data have been collected on seven pilot projects in the Eagle Ford that have been completed during the last 5 years. Data from four of these seven are discussed in this synopsis. All of the pilots used hydrocarbon gas, but the composition of the gas varied across the locations. In addition, all of the field trials used a huff ’n’ puff injection scheme.

Pilot A. The first pilot was a single isolated well where the nearest offset producers were more than 2 miles away. This provided some assurance that the injected gas would not migrate to other wells. The oil rates for the well indicated a positive response to the process. Each cycle increased the production rate to approximately half of the well’s initial rate. Once the oil rate began to drop, another injection cycle was started. This is encouraging because not only the first cycle but also subsequent cycles were able to increase production.
Root-Cause Analysis of Offshore Pipeline Failures
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: October 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 188717, “Offshore-Pipeline-Failure Root-Cause Analysis,” by Emmanuel Iyeh, SPE, Addax Petroleum, and Grant Adams, JEE Subsea, prepared for the 2017 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 13–16 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

This paper evaluates potential causes of failure for nine pipelines operating in shallow waters (8 to 14 m) in the Gulf of Guinea. The authors develop an analytical method to identify root causes and provide recommendations for pipeline design and placement.

Methodology

Once the subject pipelines had been identified, field visits and failed-section analyses were conducted. Pipeline properties and conditions are provided in Tables 1 through 5 of the complete paper. Mechanical-failure, hydrodynamic, and third-party-interference assessments were performed.  Design-stability assessment was reviewed and gaps identified. A further stability assessment of the pipelines was performed in accordance with Det Norske Veritas- Germanischer Lloyd Recommended Practice (DNVGL-RP) F109. The authors then developed the best remedial option by use of a scoring matrix based on weighting with respect to business drivers.

For a new tie-in spool, a subsea flexible spool can be used. This approach has been used safely and successfully to accommodate instability. This approach may be adopted for pipelines, with the following caveats:

An unbonded subsea flexible spool verified for use in a multiphase system should be used.

A flexible spool should be combined with a rigid riser.

The flexible spool does not represent a solution to pipeline instability but rather a method to prevent failure of the riser caused by a mobile pipeline. The pipeline may continue to move over time, and the flexible spool may eventually enter tension and fail. An unstable pipeline is also at significant risk of fatigue if instability continues.

A flexible spool could be used with a concrete mattress. This will allow a degree of movement (e.g., if the mattresses take some time to settle into the seabed). The position of the flexible tie-in can also be monitored and, in the event that the pipeline continues to move after mattresses have been installed, will give warning that the pipeline is still unstable.

Analysis Results

The majority of the studied failures occurred between the months of May and October, the rainy season in the Gulf of Guinea. This season features the region’s most extreme weather, likely contributing to the failures. Most failures involved pipeline movement or riser kinks.
Anisotropic-Wormhole-Network Generation in Carbonate Acidizing and Wormhole-Model Analysis Through Averaged-Continuum Simulations
Authors: Schwalbert Mateus Palharini , Zhu Ding , Hill A. Daniel
Published: October 2018

The optimal design of matrix-acidizing operations in carbonate reservoirs is a discussion in progress. Although several models are available to the industry for predicting wormhole propagation, most of them are not sufficiently practical to be used in real treatment designs, or they were developed to represent coreflood data and cannot be simply scaled up to represent wormhole formation in complex well geometries. This problem is addressed by Furui's wormhole-propagation model (Furui et al. 2012a), which is a modification of the Buijse and Glasbergen (2005) empirical correlation, including a scaleup procedure to represent field carbonate-acidizing operations using laboratory coreflood data. It is a practical engineering tool that can be used for treatment designs in horizontal wells, including barefoot and perforation-cluster completions in fairly isotropic and homogeneous reservoirs.

In this work, an analysis of Furui's model is performed, including the effect of anisotropy (x, y, z permeability) in the carbonate reservoir. The analysis includes both radial and elliptical wormhole propagation that forms from an openhole completion, and the spherical or ellipsoidal wormhole propagation that emerges from each perforation in a perforation-cluster completion that makes the use of a limited-entry technique for achieving an acceptable acid placement.

The development is made using extensive 3D numerical simulations with a two-scale continuum model and a finite-volume method to represent the dissolution of the porous medium. The numerical model is tuned to represent real results through matching experimental coreflood data and dissolution patterns.

Conclusions are obtained regarding both isotropic and anisotropic formations. In isotropic formations with the radial propagation of wormholes, simulations indicate that a number from four to six wormholes propagates radially in each plane. When the propagation is spherical, simulations result in a number from 16 to 24 wormholes, propagating spherically from the point of acid injection.

In anisotropic formations, the radial stimulated zone might become an elliptical stimulated zone, depending on the acid-injection rate and the permeability-heterogeneity magnitude. The major axis of the elliptical stimulated zone coincides with the direction of a higher permeability and a longer permeability-correlation length, and it is longer for larger acid-injection rates. In the same manner, the spherical wormhole-propagation pattern might become an ellipsoidal stimulated zone in anisotropic formations.
Using Pulsed Water Applications and Automation Technology to Improve Irrigation Practices in Strawberry Production
Authors: Gendron Laurence , Létourneau Guillaume , Cormier Julien , Depardieu Claire , Boily Carole , Levallois Raymond , Caron Jean
Published: October 2018

Quebec, Canada, is the third largest strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) producer in North America, behind Florida and California. In view of increasing global water scarcity and the high water requirements of strawberry production, there is a critical need for growers to optimize irrigation practices to improve crop water productivity (CWP). In Quebec, pulsed irrigation has been shown to increase yields in strawberry crops while using the same volume of water as standard (nonpulsed) irrigation, thus improving CWP. However, more frequent and shorter-duration water applications (pulsed irrigation) might be more complex to manage manually; therefore, it could be of interest to automate the irrigation process at the farm scale. The first objective of our study was to assess the economic impact of pulsed irrigation compared with the standard irrigation procedure (nonpulsed irrigation) in a strawberry crop grown in a highly permeable clay loam soil in Quebec. The second aim was to determine whether pulsed irrigation would generate enough benefits to offset the cost of an automated irrigation system. We used data from three sites to determine the effect of pulsed irrigation on marketable yields and gross revenues compared with nonpulsed irrigation. We conducted a cost–benefit analysis to assess the cost-effectiveness of an automated irrigation system based on net gains associated with pulsed irrigation. Our results showed that pulsed irrigation was appropriate in strawberry crops grown in a highly permeable soil because it led to significant gross revenue increases relative to the standard irrigation procedure. Our results also revealed that pulsed irrigation generated enough additional benefits to cover the cost of an automated irrigation system, with a short payback period of about 1 year.
The Use of Irrigation for Frost Protection for Blueberry in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Conlan Elizabeth , Borisova Tatiana , Smith Erick , Williamson Jeffrey , Olmstead Mercy
Published: October 2018

Freeze events between January and April can result in major crop and economic losses for growers of low-chill, early-ripening varieties of blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) in Florida and Georgia. The objective of this research was to determine current responses by blueberry growers to freeze events. Blueberry growers in Florida and Georgia were surveyed about frost protection decision criteria. Growers had differing opinions on when to make the decision to frost-protect blueberry crops. Almost all (98.9%) of the respondents (n = 94) who reported using at least one method of active frost protection reported using irrigation. Farm size, as measured by blueberry acreage, did not influence decisions regarding the use of active frost protection measures. Blueberry growers, on average, reported that a loss of up to 30% to 39% of their crop could be tolerated and still produce a marketable crop. However, they may have been overly cautious at the early bud stages, with ≈40% and 55% of respondents protecting at the bud swell and tight cluster stages, respectively. Understanding the use of irrigation as a frost protection practice in the southeastern United States can aid in improving frost protection recommendations, helping growers maximize yield and saving water and money.
Field Performance of Tissue-cultured, Virus-tested ‘Okinawan’ Sweetpotato and Comparison with Some Promising Cultivars in Hawai’i
Authors: Miyasaka Susan C. , Motomura-Wages Sharon , Pulakkatu-Thodi Ishakh , Melzer Michael J. , Clark Christopher A. , LaBonte Don R. , Villordon Arthur Q.
Published: October 2018

Tissue-cultured, virus-tested (TC) plantlets of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas var. batatas) cultivars Okinawan, LA 08-21p, and Murasaki-29 were obtained from Louisiana State University Agricultural Center. The objectives of field trials conducted at the Kula Agricultural Park, Maui, HI, were to compare yield and pest resistance of 1) ‘Okinawan’ obtained from a commercial (C) field with TC ‘Okinawan’ and 2) TC Okinawan with the aforementioned TC cultivars. Trials were planted Oct. 2015 and Aug. 2016 and harvested 5 months later. Storage roots were graded according to State of Hawai’i standards, and marketable yields included Grades AA, A, and B. In addition, injuries due to sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius elegantulus) or rough sweetpotato weevil (Blosyrus asellus) were estimated. In both trials, fresh and dry weights of marketable storage roots of TC ‘Okinawan’ were nearly twice those from commercial planting material. In both trials, marketable fresh weights differed among the three TC cultivars; however, significant interactions were found, indicating that yields of cultivars differed between years. In the first field trial, ‘LA 08-21p’ had fresh marketable yields 1.6 to 1.7 times greater than TC ‘Okinawan’ and Murasaki-29, respectively. In the second trial, fresh marketable yields of TC ‘Okinawan’ and ‘LA 08-21p’were similar and 1.7 to 1.5 times greater than that of ‘Murasaki-29’, respectively. In both trials, ‘LA 08-21p’ had greater sweetpotato weevil injury than did the other two cultivars. Interestingly, in the second year, TC ‘Okinawan’ had greater rough sweetpotato weevil injury than did the other cultivars. Our results indicate that tissue-cultured planting materials increased marketable yields of TC ‘Okinawan’ compared with C ‘Okinawan’ sweetpotato and that the other TC cultivars did not produce greater yields than TC Okinawan.
Modeling Benefit–cost Analysis of Hemlock Wooly Adelgid Host Plant Resistance with Emphasis on Least-toxic Chemical Treatment Alternatives
Authors: Dampier Jason Ernest Elvin , Harper Richard W. , McElhinney Ashley , Biltonen Eric
Published: October 2018

Chinese hemlock (Tsuga chinensis) exhibits a high level of resistance to the exotic insect hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA; Adelges tsugae) relative to the native and widely planted eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis). Furthermore, both chinese and eastern hemlock exhibit similar autecologic and aesthetic characteristics in urban and suburban environments. This study provides a comparative 25-year economic benefit-cost analysis (BCA), tracking estimated establishment and insect control costs for the two tree species. Eastern hemlock survival requires insecticide treatments when growing within the range of HWA. Insect control scenarios used and evaluated in this study include annual horticultural oil spray, biannual horticultural oil spray, biennial imidacloprid soil drench, and no treatment. The chinese hemlock scenario did not include chemical insect control because of the species’ host plant resistance (HPR) to HWA. Benefits were estimated using the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service’s i-Tree tool, which estimates economic benefits for ecosystem services (expressed in dollars). Benefit–cost ratios (BCRs) were developed using the present value for 25-year benefit and cost streams at 2% and 4% discount rates. Payback periods were also estimated for all options that had a calculated BCR greater than one. The benefit–cost analyses for each insect control scenario were evaluated, compared, and assessed through the lens of market potential. The costs exceed the benefits for all of the eastern hemlock scenarios. The benefits exceed costs for the chinese hemlock scenario. Results suggest that chinese hemlock is a viable alternative to eastern hemlock in view of its HPR and reduced associated costs over time. If chinese hemlock becomes more widely planted, it is expected to produce greater BCRs relative to chemical control options as a result of the lack of required, ongoing insect control treatment costs.
Subjective Life Way Picture in Different Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Professional Occupation Conditions
Authors: Neyaskina Yu. Yu. , Miryasov P. A.
Published: October 2018

The article covers the outcomes of the empiric research devoted to the revelation of subjective life way picture formation among servicepersons in different spatiotemporal conditions of professional activities. It verifies the hypothesis of interrelation between personality’s subjective life way picture and professional specifics of person’s position and actualization environment. Professional medium could affect spatiotemporal and life-purpose characteristics of life way, person’s temporal orientation, correlation of time loci in person’s world picture.

The findings prove the fact that spatiotemporal characteristics of professional activities conditions promote the development of person’s peculiar methods of time arrangement and formation of subjective life way picture. The article shows that the representatives of the model groups, mirroring different spatiotemporal organization of professional activities, demonstrate diverse perception and content of the past, present and future; dissimilar strategies of one’s own life way apprehension in the context of time transpective; varied directivities into life spheres. The results of the research are applicable for the organization of psychological work with servicepersons in different conditions of professional activities.
Healthcare Service in the Kemerovo Region in 1945–1959
Authors: Borovikova Z. V.
Published: October 2018

After the end of World War II, medical institutions of the Kemerovoregion needed repair, new buildings, modern equipment, and medical personnel. The region suffered from recurrent gastrointestinal epidemics and high mortality rate, especially among children. There were special medical-sanitary units that treated industrial workers; their level of healthcare care was higher than in other medical institutions. In 1945–1959, the local healthcare saw a significant improvement; the network of medical institutions expanded, the number of doctors and hospital beds increased, epidemiological situation improved and mortality decreased. Still, poor social financing and the rapid growth of urban population prevented the region from reaching the all-Union level.
Travesty Image of Germany in the Russian Literature of 1840s: I. P. Myatlev’s poem "Sensacii i zamechaniya gospozhi Kurdyukovoy za graniceyu, dans l’etranger
Authors: Zhdanov S. S.
Published: October 2018

The paper deals with the image ofGermanyin I. P. Miatlev’s poem "Sensacii i zamechaniya gospozhi Kurdyukovoy za graniceyu, dans l’etranger" ("Madam Kurdukova’s Sensations and Remarks Abroad, dans l’etranger") that is an example of macaronic poetry. The poem marks an important milestone in the transformation of the image ofGermanyin the Russian literature of the 1840s; however, it has not received proper scientific attention. The current research examines the historic and the mundane aspects of the image in question. The historic aspect combines different loci connected with the German history of the Middle Ages and the Modern Times: urban images and urban unions, like theHanseatic League, or certain urban spaces, e. g. churches, etc. Such loci are often connected with historical characters like Charlemagne or Napoleon. The mundane aspect is represented with things, money and goods as a typical attribute of the German (Western) civilization, which leads to the metonymic unity of cities and goods produces there, the way it happens toHamburg. Besides, the mundane element is actualized via the philistine personages, which make the core of German characters in the poem.
Revisiting the Problem of Ergonymy
Authors: Zakharova-Sarovskaya M. V.
Published: October 2018

The paper specifies the term "ergonym" and its place in the onomastic terminological system of the Russian language. A number of relevant studies performed by Russian linguists have allowed the author to conclude that there are no scientifically grounded criteria for distinguishing ergonyms from other varieties of onyms, i.e. urbanonyms, toponyms, chrematonyms, etc. The article introduces a complex definition of ergonym that distinguishes it from other types of onyms, in particular, from chrematonyms and ktematonyms. The author also specifies the difference between such concepts as ergonymy, ergonymics, and ergonymicon and clarifies the concept of ergonym through the business profiles of the enterprises described in the field of chrematonymy: marketing, public and ideological. The study features the field structure of the concept of ergonomics and describes the syntagmatic and paradigmatic, or genus-species (hyperonymic-hyponymic), relations of ergonyms in the terminological system of onomastics, as well as their systemic organization.
Predicative "Ellipses" on the Periphery of the Predicativity Field in Contemporary German
Authors: Lobanovskaya E. V. , Muratovа S. V.
Published: October 2018

The research features communicative behavior of the logical-grammatical category of predicativity, its realization in speech, and field organization of the sentence in the modern German language. The study is focused on the means that shape the periphery of the predicative field. The subject of the study is the categorical meaning of predicativity, which considers any linguistic phenomenon from its meaning (attributive meaning) to its form (explicit and implicit ways of expressing predicativity) and is based on such abstract linguistic predicative unit as the predicative sign. The authors pay particular attention to such syncretic means of implicit predicativeness as close explicative syntagm, compound words (copulative and determinative composites) on the periphery of the predicative field. By applying the extrapolation method of the predicativity test to the level of these structures, the authors have revealed a "collapsed" predicative core, a kind of predicative "ellipse": a two-step transformation that allows one to unfold a predicative "ellipse" into a "nuclear" sentence. The results obtained can be used in theoretical grammar and lexicology.
Social-Democratic Underground of the Far East in the early XX Century: Public Records of the Center for Social and Political History
Authors: Makarchuk S. V.
Published: October 2018

The research features public records concerning the Social-Democratic organizations of the Far East (Russia), stored in the collection of illegal publications at the Center for Social and Political History, the rare book section. The collection contains archival documents originating from the two largest Social-Democratic groups of the Far East located in Blagoveshchensk and Vladivostok. The records include: various reports, corporate charters, resolutions of party meetings, mandates to elected officials, and small newspapers. Publications issued by the Far Eastern social democratic organizations were mostly leaflets printed on a typewriter or published on a hectograph or mimeograph. Some leaflets were printed in actual print shops of private publishing houses or in handicraft illegal print shops. Most of the documents were previously unstudied. However, they belong to the category of particularly valuable and unique historical documents of cultural, historical and scientific value for the study of the Socio-Political movement of the Russian East. The author believes that the public records stored at the Center for Social and Political History, in combination with other archival data, may cast light on the state of the history of Social-Democratic underground in the Far East, its formation and development.
Dynamics of Psycho-Physiological and SocioPsychological Characteristics of University Students of Different Specialties
Authors: Klimov V. M. , Aizman N. I.
Published: October 2018

The study evaluates the psycho-physiological status and sociopsychological characteristics of humanitarian and technical students working for their bachelor's degree. The longitudinal study featured male and female students of technical university majoring in various humanitarian and technical sciences. In their analysis of neurodynamic, cognitive and psychodynamic parameters, the authors assessed mechanical, semantic and image types of memory, mental alertness, mental performance efficiency, speed of sensomotor reaction to photic stimulus, and nervous processes. They used A. K. Osnitsky’s Method of Evaluation of Social and Psychological Adaptation, Ch. D. Spielberger and Yu. L. Khanin’s Assessment Method of Reactive and Personal Anxiety Level and H. Eysenck’s tests on stress resistance and temperament assessment. The study revealed that both male and female students of different specialties underwent certain psycho-physiological and socio-psychological changes resulting from their adherent personal characteristics and from the influence of the specialty.
Coupled anaerobic ammonium oxidation and hydrogenotrophic denitrification for simultaneous NH4-N and NO3-N removal
Authors: Kamei Tatsuru , Eamrat Rawintra , Shinoda Kenta , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Kazama Futaba
Published: October 2018

Nitrate removal during anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) treatment is a concern for optimization of the anammox process. This study demonstrated the applicability and long-term stability of the coupled anammox and hydrogenotrophic denitrification (CAHD) process as an alternative method for nitrate removal. Laboratory-scale fixed bed anammox reactors (FBR) supplied with H2 to support denitrification were operated under two types of synthetic water. The FBRs showed simultaneous NH4-N and NO3-N removal, indicating that the CAHD process can support NO3-N removal during the anammox process. Intermittent H2 supply (e.g. 5 mL/min for a 1-L reactor, 14/6-min on/off cycle) helped maintain the CAHD process without deteriorating its performance under long-term operation and resulted in a nitrogen removal rate of 0.21 kg-N/m3/d and ammonium, nitrate, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen removal efficiencies of 73.4%, 80.4%, and 77%, respectively. The microbial community structure related to the CAHD process was not influenced by changes in influent water quality, and included the anammox bacteria ‘Candidatus Jettenia’ and a Sulfuritalea hydrogenivorans-like species as the dominant bacteria even after long-term reactor operation, suggesting that these bacteria are key to the CAHD process. These results indicate that the CAHD process is a promising method for enhancing the efficiency of anammox process.
Almonds and Walnuts Consumption Modifies PUFAs Profiles and Improves Metabolic Inflammation Beyond the Impact on Anthropometric Measure
Authors: Cardona-Alvarado Mónica I. , Ortega Francisco J. , Ramírez-Chávez Enrique , Tejero María E. , Molina-Torres Jorge , Fernández-Real José M. , Perez-Luque Elva L.
Published: October 2018

Purpose:

To evaluate changes in serum fatty acids, metabolic profile and inflammation markers after a dietary intervention of 15g of walnuts and 15g of almonds for 8 weeks in obese subjects,

Patients and Methods:

We studied a total of 48 sedentary obese grade I subjects (13 men and 35 women). Anthropometric measures, body composition, serum glucose, lipid profile, insulin, lipocalina-2, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), adiponectin, and fatty acids profile were analyzed at the baseline and after dietary intervention.

Results:

The adiponectin (30.4%, p = 0.007), and lipocalin-2 concentrations (17.9%, p = 0.014), and total Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) percentage (1.6% p = 0.040) significantly increased after the intervention; particularly the eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid percentages were increased marginally. A significant decrease in saturated fatty acids levels (3%, p = 0.001), in particular the C:14, C:16, in total cholesterol (6.7%, p = 0.01), LDL (11.4%, p = 0.002) levels, and in all adiposity measures (weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI and fat mass, p < 0.0001) was found. The effect size was large for all adiposity measures, except for BMI as well as for adiponectin which was moderate.

Conclusion:

The intake of almonds and walnuts to short-time may improve significantly the metabolic profile and decrease adiposity.
Mitigating Academic Distress: The Role of Psychological Capital in a Collectivistic Malaysian University Student Sample
Authors: Chua Ryan Yumin , Ng Yin Lu , Park Miriam Sang-Ah
Published: October 2018

Background:

The emphasis of education within the collectivistic Malaysian culture has exposed Malaysian university students to high levels of academic stressors. The experience of stress that stems from the experience of such stressors can be positive (eustress) or negative (distress). However, the presence of adaptive abilities to academic stress may influence the experience of stress. The present study examines psychological capital as the adaptive ability to academic stress among a collectivistic Malaysian university student sample.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 183 students from a university in Malaysia.

Findings:

Analyses showed that university students with high academic distress did not predict low academic performance; while, university students with high academic eustress predicted high academic performance. Psychological capital was found to mitigate the influence of academic distress on academic performance but not on the influence of academic eustress on academic performance.

Conclusion:

The study debunked the common misconceptions about academic stress. It highlighted that the experience of eustress and the presence of psychological capital may be an important resource for students’ stress coping.