bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the most effective indicators of accountant professional ethics: the inevitable necessity for assessing the safe behavior of accountants
Authors: Mir Hosseini M , Moinuddin M , Hirani F , Hatami Nasab SH
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Morality is very important in human life because human humanity is formed when moral values are crystallized in him. Every human being is evaluated to the extent of the emergence of moral values in thoughts, speech, and behavior, the first manifestation of a person in society is that person's morality. To increase the impact of professional ethics, it is necessary to have patterns that are consistent with culture and society, and by recognizing them, the dimensions of safe behavior by accountants can be explored.
Materials and Methods: This research is based on a combined method. Because in this research, both quantitative and qualitative approaches have been used in data collection and analysis, a combination of findings and conclusions. In the present study, data collection has been done through library and field research methods. Statistics consists of theoretical texts related to accounting professional ethics. In this study, using a researcher-made questionnaire, effective criteria based on previous research were identified and finally, 25 sub-components in the form of 5 indicators were identified as the most important factors of professional ethics. In this study, NVIVO software (in the content analysis section) Used.
Results: According to experts, the components of professionalism and organization are more important than other criteria and affect the sustainable development of safe behavior and professional ethics of the accountant.
Conclusion: By understanding the professional ethics of accountants and identifying its basic components in different dimensions and determining the importance of each of them, a specific framework or format for accountants to observe or not to observe professional ethics and the desire to act based on Design and implement a code of professional conduct to reduce unsafe behaviors and, as a result, reduce the incidence of accidents in the country's industries.
SECTARIAN WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST: IRAN, SAUDI ARABIA, PAKISTAN AND AN UNENDING WAR FOR REGIONAL HEGEMONY
Authors: Faheem Farrukh , Hussain Sajjad , Xingang Wang
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the current chaotic condition of the Middle East that was fueled by the traditional competition between Saudi Arabia and Iran. s state and society in every field of life.

Principal Findings: The paper argues that the Saudi-Iran’s sectarian proxy warfare in the Middle East is a means to counter each other’s regional influence that has adverse implications for the internal security of Pakistan that can destroy its economy as well.

Methodology: This research is based on a qualitative approach and deductive method. The paper answers four main queries: To what extent the Iran–Saudi Rivalry a result of sectarian aspirations? How are both countries using proxy warfare methods in the region to realize their interests vis a vis each other? What is the role of external powers like the United States or Russia in proxy warfare? How does the competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia impact Pakistan?

Applications: The study concludes that the outcome of the predicament in the Middle East has produced policy challenges for Pakistan vis-à- vis its relations with Saudi Arabia and Iran. The growing threats of sectarianism, violent extremism, domestic Polarization, and danger to the economic development of Pakistan make it an important player in this competition.

Novelty: The traditional Conflict between Saudi and Iran affects the entire region of the Middle East. Sectarianism is one of the serious concerns of all Muslim countries today. It truly has both internal and external sources in other neighbouring Muslim states. Thus, this research provides an understanding to comprehend Pakistan’s internal and as well as external problems.
CONGREGATIONAL RELIGIOUS PRAYERS AMID COVID-19 AND PANDEMIC SPREAD – EVIDENCE FROM SOUTHERN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
Authors: Qureshi Madeeha Gohar , Shahid Muhammad , Ahmed Farooq , Rafiq Shakeela , Malik Najma Iqbal
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: This study explored how opening up mosques amid the COVID-19 pandemic may have increased the spread chances of disease and estimated how many individuals, attending mosques post-pandemic had experienced COVID-19 related symptoms in the study area. Furthermore, it evaluated how successful were the governmental Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for attending congregational prayers in protecting masses against the pandemic in its three dimensions 1) citizens’ following SOPs themselves in mosques, 2) implementation of mosque and prayer guidelines by mosques committee and 3) imams’ contribution in mobilizing the society against the pandemic.

Methodology: Data were collected from 800 respondents between the ages of 18 to 50 years who were going to the mosques regularly during the lockdown using a purposive sampling technique. Descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages were calculated. The 15 items self-constructed, a piloted questionnaire related to COVID-19 SOPs was used in the current study.

Main Findings: The study’s findings revealed that religious gatherings played a vital role in COVID-19 spread as 66.25% sample that was attending communal prayers at mosques felt that they may have contracted COVID-19 symptoms because of offering prayers in the mosque. Further, evaluation of anti-COVID-19 policy measures namely degree of implementation for citizen SOPs in the mosque by people themselves, degree of implementation for prayers’ SOPs as per governmental announcement by the mosque committee, and imam’s mobilization against the pandemic as per the perception of the sample of people going to mosque post-pandemic were also found to be of the medium level at best.

Applications of this study: The study gave an idea of whether the allowance of communal religious gathering with some anti-COVID guidelines as in the case of Pakistan a useful policy. It provided a useful framework for the evaluation of governmental covid-19 policies (SOPs). Finally, this study could also be useful to know the public response to SOPs and need of community stakeholders like Islamic Mosque imams in policy implementation on the grass-root level during the covid-19 pandemic.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The study’s uniqueness is evaluation of success or failure of anti-COVID measures announced by the government to implement and monitor by the mosque committee. It measures how effective were local mosque imams in mobilizing people against the pandemic– an indeed missed out institutional means in policy debate of fight against the pandemic and creating awareness.
TRANSFORMING IDENTITIES AND RELATIONS: A CASE OF TALIBAN PEACE TALKS IN THE PAKISTANI PRESS
Authors: Warrich Haseeb ur Rehman , Yasin Zaeem , Huma Zil e , Ahmad Raza Waqas , Israr Raazia
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: The study examines the role of Pakistani mainstream print media in framing peace talks between the Taliban and the Government of Pakistan from 1st January 2014 till 1st July 2014. This study focuses on the role played by the print media of Pakistan during the efforts for the peace talks as a LIC.

Methodology: It is a quantitative research study in which researchers have used the content analysis technique to determine how print media framed the peace negotiations between the government and the TTP, editorials, and columns of two English newspapers, namely, Dawn and The News, along with two Urdu newspapers, Jang, Nawe Waqt were analyzed.

Main Findings: The findings of the study show that in the peace talks between the government and TTP, the print media of Pakistan did not engage in constructive talk to facilitate the peace talking process. The media failed to give the communicative space to facilitate the political negotiating process to proceed. Narratives of despair and fear were dominant.

Applications of this study: This study can be used to know about the psychology of newspapers that how they are framing the news, columns, and articles related to complex issues like Taliban peace talks. Along with it, it is necessary to see the role of newspapers in transforming identities and relations.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This study contributed to the existing literature by examining that how print media of Pakistan frame the peace initiatives in the context of resolving the conflict between the Taliban and the government of Pakistan. Apart from it, it is necessary to know about the relationship between the way media was framing the peace negotiations and the way peace talks were taking a turn and whether Pakistani print media played the role of a facilitator of the peace process or framed the peace process as an inevitable risk of more violence or not.
INVESTIGATING EXISTENTIAL INTERPRETATION OF WAITING FOR GODOT: A CORPUS-BASED STUDY OF LEXICAL FEATURES
Authors: Asghar Ijaz , Abbas Shahid , Bashir Muhammad , Ahmad Naveed Nawaz
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the study: In this study, Samuel Beckett's dramatic writings' major aspects and linguistic qualities are examined, focusing on Waiting for Godot. The importance of these texts' linguistic characteristics has also been investigated. The study also looks into whether linguistic interpretations of Waiting for Godot are compatible with Existential readings.

Methodology: Computational techniques such as UAMCT, MAT, SUAS, and AntConc were used to analyze the data. However, UAMTC was employed as the primary tool, and the other techniques were only used to verify the results' validity and complement specific areas of analysis that UAMCT lacked.

Main Findings: Samuel Beckett's dramatic works are a linguistic paradox, lexically simple but structurally complicated, according to our linguistic analysis. Waiting for Godot's linguistic elements develop themes such as "Pessimism," "Directionlessness," "Skepticism," "Nothingness," "Existence," "Ambivalence," "Boredom," and "Alienation," These topics are consistent with Waiting for Godot's Existential interpretations.

Applications of this study: Applications of this study reside on its far-reaching pedagogical consequences for literature and language. It is extremely important for students and teachers of English Language and Literature and syllabus designers who deal with literature.

Originality/ Novelty: The play has a linguistic spontaneity of Existential themes. In a nutshell, in Waiting for Godot, Beckett has not told the predicament of Existence but made it happen linguistically.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis: Indication, Risk, and Outcome
Authors: Shil Dr. Shiladitya , Sarma Dr. Ashutosh Deb , Islam Dr. Md. Alomgir , Abdul Dr. Md. Abdullah-Hel-Baki , Begum Dr.Monira
Published: June 2021

Background: A laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a fundamental approach to treating acute cholecystitis, and the timing of performing this given treatment is associated with clinical outcomes. It is unknown whether surgical indication, risk, and consequences of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis differ from those for the chronic form, making it questionable whether urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the best approach even in severe acute cases.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate surgical indication, risk, and outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis.
Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out at Bangladesh Medical College Hospital (Uttara Campus) from July 2006 to November 2008. A total of 103 acute cholecystitis patients were observed to evaluate the safety, risk, and outcomes (includes hospital stay, joining to routine daily works) of laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Result: Male and female ratio is 1:4, and the mean age in our series is 47 years. Acute calculas cholecystitis ultra-sonogram feature shows the highest percentage (85.4%) compare to the other four parts. The study also confirmations around 69% did not get any complications, and bleeding was the most frequently observed (16%) complication. The overall outcomes in this research were observed around 75% of total operated patients did not experience any difficulty and said they fit entirely. The other 19% who had some complications include Pain, RTI, Seroma, Jaundice, Cholangitis, Wound infection).
Conclusion: Regarding bile duct injury and prolonged complications, laparoscopic surgery is not a very good treatment option for acute cholecystitis.
Migrant worker policies and national privilege: A UK case study
Authors: Dupont Pier-Luc
Published: June 2021

After a long period of decline in the Global North, migrant worker policies are making a comeback on the agenda of the European Union and several of its member states. Inspired by Iris Marion Young and Nancy Fraser’s accounts of structural injustice, this article argues that such policies cannot be reconciled with the principle of equality between migrant and national workers enshrined in international legal instruments such as the Convention on Migrant Workers and the EU Seasonal Workers Directive. To make this point it draws on a selection of UK based empirical literature as well as primary data from a recent study on domestic workers admitted to the UK under temporary visas since 1998. Results suggest that such visas tend to push migrants’ working conditions downwards (exploitation); prevent them from changing employer, enforcing rights in court or mobilising in unions (domination); and ultimately exacerbate racial conflict and stereotyping (stigmatisation).

Received: 10 February 2021Accepted: 14 May 2021
Eichler, Jessika. 2019. Reconciling indigenous peoples’ individual and collective rights: participation, prior consultation and selfdetermination in Latin America. New York: Routledge. 196 p.
Authors: Alva-Arévalo Amelia
Published: June 2021

El libro de Eichler reflexiona profundamente sobre la relación entre los derechos colectivos de los pueblos indígenas y los derechos individuales de sus miembros, particularmente, de aquellos que conforman los sub-grupos minoritarios como son las mujeres, niños y ancianos, a quienes se les ha otorgado protección especial en el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos. Complementariamente a esta reflexión teórica, se presenta un estudio empírico de Bolivia, permitiendo a la autora a ofrecer un marco reconciliatorio de los derechos colectivos e individuales necesario para cambiar la perspectiva del ejercicio de los derechos de participación, consulta y auto determinación de los pueblos indígenas.
Entre fios, resistências e educação matemática: os tais do Timor Leste
Authors: Savio Diogo , Duarte Claudia Glavam
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo articular aspectos da cultura do Timor-Leste com a Educação Matemática Escolar. Especificamente, a investigação descreve e analisa os “Tais”, roupas tradicionais, cuja existência antecede o período colonial e são conhecidos por todo o povo do Timor-Leste. A parte empírica da pesquisa foi realizada através de procedimentos de inspiração etnográfica e envolveu cinco mulheres tecelãs de diferentes postos administrativos pertencentes ao município de Lautem no Timor-Leste. O material empírico coletado foi analisado tendo como principal referencial teórico a Etnomatemática. Especificamente, neste artigo, foram analisados os padrões e elementos geométricos presentes nos Tais. Assim, foram evidenciadas possíveis articulações com a Educação Matemática a partir do trabalho com sequências, elementos da geometria, paralelismo, perpendicularidade e transformações geométricas. Afirmamos, ao longo deste trabalho que além dos conteúdos matemáticos, existe a necessidade de que as aulas de matemática abriguem discussões que envolvam diferentes dimensões da vida timorense, seja em seus aspectos sociais, políticos e ou culturais.Palavras-chave: Timor Leste. Tais. Etnomatemática. Educação matemática escolar. Abstract: This article aims to articulate aspects of the East Timor culture with the School Mathematics Education. Specifically, the research describes and analyzes the tais, traditional clothing, whose existence predates the colonial period and are known to all the people of Timor-Leste. The empirical part of the research was carried out through ethnographic inspiration procedures and involved five weavers women from different posts administratives belonging to the Lautem city in East Timor. The empirical data collected was analyzed with the main theoretical framework to Ethnomathematics. Specifically in this article, the patterns and geometric elements present in the Tais were analyzed. Thus, possible articulations with Mathematical Education were evidenced from the work with sequences, elements of geometry, parallelism, perpendicularity and geometric transformations. However, I punctuate that these concepts should not be disconnected from the tais weaving process. Put in another way discuss the need for math classes entertain discussions involving different dimensions of Timorese life whether in its social, political and or cultural.Keywords: East Timor. “Tais”. Ethnomathematics. School Mathematics education.
Editorial
Authors: Kato Danilo Seithi , Narita Felipe Ziotti
Published: June 2021

Editorial da revista Cadernos CIMEAC.
O direito fundamental à proteção de dados e o poder público: o caso do programa alagoano Nota Fiscal Cidadã
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo Schneider , Azevedo Larissa Nunes de Melo , Pereira Larissa de Oliveira Félix Rodrigues
Published: June 2021

A pesquisa se propõe a avaliar se o poder público vem conferindo os cuidados necessários à preservação do Direito Fundamental à Proteção de Dados dos contribuintes alagoanos participantes do Programa Nota Fiscal Cidadã. A partir dos métodos dedutivo e explicativo, através de um perfil qualitativo de revisão bibliográfica, foi examinado o âmbito de proteção do referido direito, especialmente após o advento da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados. Foi possível constatar que o programa apresenta um déficit quanto à proteção de dados pessoais dos participantes. O fortalecimento da capacidade arrecadatória do Estado não é excludente da necessária proteção dos dados pessoais colhidos junto aos contribuintes. É importante compatibilizar a atividade estatal com o respeito a esse direito fundamental
Transgenerational inheritance: understanding the etiology of a disease
Authors: Tolkunova K. M. , Moguchaia E. V. , Rotar O. P.
Published: June 2021

Observational results suggest that environment has a great impact on physiology but these phenomena cannot be explained by genetic mechanisms alone. The epigenetic studies broadens our knowledge about development and physiology. Currently, the topical issues are transgenerational effects which imply transmission through generations both genetic and phenotypic adaptive mechanisms. The accumulated data indicate that the influence of environmental factors (bad habits, stress, excessive or insufficient nutrition, microbiota and others) at early stages of development can contribute to the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of phenotypic variability. Epigenetic processes can alter gene expression, which in turn can either increase vulnerability or contribute to the development of disease tolerance in future generations. Epigenetic biomarker signatures can be considered as a future diagnostic tool for assessing person’s specific susceptibility to disease or exposure to environmental toxicants. The current review discusses the molecular genetic mechanisms of transgenerational inheritance and the influence of various risk factors.
Long-term cardiovascular damage in Leningrad Siege survivors
Authors: Moguchaia E. V. , Rotar O. P. , Boyarinova M. A. , Alieva A. S. , Orlov A. V. , Vasilyeva E. Yu. , Konradi A. O.
Published: June 2021

Objective. To assess the prevalence of markers of preclinical vascular, kidney and brain damage in the survivors of the Leningrad Siege (SLS) in the long-term period of life, as well as to determine a possible connection with starvation in the prenatal period and early childhood.

Design and methods. A prospective cohort study of 305 SLS was initiated in 2009–2011. In a control sex- and age-matched group we recruited people born in the same time period in other regions of the Soviet Union and permanently residing in Leningrad after the World War II (n = 51). At the second visit in 2013–2014, 252 residents of besieged Leningrad were examined (the response rate was 82,6 %). Blood pressure measurement and anthropometry were performed according to standard methods. The laboratory examination included the assessment of fasting glucose, lipids, and creatinine with the calculation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) according to the CKD-EPI formula. The concentration of albumin and creatinine was determined, and the albumin-creatinine ratio was calculated. All patients underwent assessment of the pulse wave velocity by the applanation tonometry (SphygmoCor, AtCor, Australia), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and ankle-brachial index (VaSera VS 1500, FukudaDenshi, Japan). For cognitive assessment, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale was used.

Results. The analysis included data of 184 residents of besieged Leningrad (52 males (28,3 %) and 132 females (71,7 %), average age 74,7 years old) divided into three groups depending on the age period during the Siege: 132 people in the first group (late childhood and adolescents), 28 people in the early childhood group, 24 people in the third “intrauterine” group. The control group included 44 people: 13 males (29,5 %) and 31 females (70,5 %), average age 75,5 years old. The survivors of the besieged Leningrad showed lower anthropometric characteristics — lower weight (p = 0,005) and body mass index (p = 0,004) compared with the control group. There were no differences in the prevalence of vascular, renal and cerebral lesions. The lowest arterial stiffness according to the CAVI index was detected in the “intrauterine” group compared to early, late childhood and adolescent groups (p = 0,015). Renal dysfunction was detected only in the first group (late childhood and adolescents).

Conclusions. The residents of the besieged Leningrad demonstrate low prevalence of renal dysfunction and arteriosclerosis of the large arteries and atherosclerosis of the peripheral arteries, as well as preserved cognitive function. The increased arterial stiffness and decreased GFR in SLS who experienced the siege in late childhood and adolescence are most likely due to the older age.
Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability in patients after acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Brazhnik V. A. , Minushkina L. O. , Galyavich A. S. , Khasanov N. R. , Chichkova M. A. , Kosmacheva E. D. , Zateyshchikov D. A.
Published: June 2021

Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the possible association of visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) variability and the risk of adverse outcomes in hypertensive (HTN) patients after acute coronary syndrome.

Design and methods. We analyzed data of 1,456 patients (mean age 65,6 ± 12,2 years, 875 (60,1 %) men) discharged from the hospital after acute coronary syndrome and followed up for 1 year in 4 vascular centers in Moscow, Astrakhan, Kazan and Krasnodar in 2014–2017. BP, heart rate, and adverse events were recorded on the day of discharge and on days 25, 90, 180 and 360 after discharge. The visit-to-visit BP variability was assessed by the VIM coefficient (variation independent of mean).

Results. The systolic BP variability was 7,81 ± 0,226 mm Hg, diastolic BP variability was 9,89 ± 0,577 mm Hg during follow-up. In total, 110 deaths from any cause, 63 coronary deaths, 130 repeated non-fatal coronary events, 33 ischemic strokes were recorded. A decrease in BP variability was associated with the dihydropyridine calcium antagonists (10,21 ± 6,45 and 7,99 ± 4,70 mm Hg, p = 0,024) and thiazide diuretics (10,34 ± 6,59 and 7,63 ± 9,63 mm Hg, p = 0,049). Multivariate analysis showed that high long-term variability of BP is a more significant factor associated with the overall mortality rate than the initial severity of HTN and even the fact of achieving target BP. The risk of ischemic stroke in patients with HTN was associated with factors such as atrial fibrillation, heart failure, a history of stroke, and high visit-to-visit BP variability.

Conclusions. Visit-to-visit BP variability is an important characteristic of BP control and is associated with the risk of death from any causes and stroke in patients with coronary heart disease.
ПРОГНОЗ УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ СКЛОНОВ УЧАСТКА БЕРЕГА ХИМКИНСКОГО ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА
Authors: Ушаков Александр Сергеевич , Кулешов Александр Петрович
Published: June 2021

Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью анализа существующих способов расчета коэффициента устойчивости склона. В работе проанализированы три метода расчета, приведен анализ по рациональной области использования каждого метода. Рекомендации по выбору методов расчета разработаны на основе анализа существующих способов расчета, сравнения их применительно к практическим вычислениям. Цель: прогнозный расчет устойчивости склона участка берега Химкинского водохранилища, сравнительный анализ величин коэффициентов устойчивости, полученных различными методами с использованием современного математического аппарата, реализованного в программных комплексах: «PSK-98M5», «SCAD Office» и «Plaxis», оценка возможности применения используемых численных способов расчета. Методы: анализ отечественного и зарубежного опыта расчета устойчивости склонов, сбор и оценка имеющейся инженерно-геологической информации, выбор граничных условий, математическое моделирование, сопоставление результатов расчетов, полученных различными методами, оценка уязвимости объектов и прогноз развития деформаций в основании зданий вследствие оползневого процесса. Результаты. Математические расчеты проведены с помощью различных программных комплексов с использованием нескольких моделей и методов в соответствии с рекомендациями действующей нормативной документации. Из результатов расчетов следует, что более высокий коэффициент устойчивости получен при расположении нагрузки от проектируемого сооружения выше по склону, и наоборот, при расположении ниже по склону той же нагрузки коэффициент устойчивости уменьшается. Программный комплекс «SCAD Office» дает завышенные результаты. Это связано, по всей видимости, с тем, что в данной программе геометрические параметры склона фактически никак не вводятся. Наиболее приближенными к действительности являются результаты, полученные в программе «Plaxis», так как она разбивает введенную модель на огромное количество простых геометрических фигур (треугольников) и значения коэффициента считаются в каждой узловой точке. Это обстоятельство существенно увеличивает точность расчета и намного приближает математическую модель к природным условиям.
PROMOTING SPIRITUALITY IN THE ARCHITECTURAL THOUGHT OF THE MOSQUE: A SENSE OF PLACE APPROACH
Authors: Ghouchani Mahya , Taji Mohammad
Published: June 2021

This research aims to study the effects of meaning, body, and activity on increasing the sense of spirituality in a mosque. To this end, a descriptive-analytic methodology was formulated in three stages based on the mutual relations between the independent variables of the structure's body and the dependent variables of mental concepts and activities. Initially, the pattern of people's movement from the entrance to the praying niche and the degree of proximity of the spaces were studied using the material flow patterns technique and the diagram for the relationship between activities. Then, the relationship between the ritual movements of the prayer and the mosque's architecture was analyzed. The magnitude of load in the human body caused by the movements in the prayer was measured using the OWAS technique. Finally, the spiritual moods and the meaningful concepts affected by light and color were analyzed based on the movement patterns of the prayers in the mosques. The results indicated that Islamic wisdom (including spatial order) directly affects and plays a significant role in determining the relationship between the mosque's various spaces and the mosque's structure in general
Virtud, alma y música: Plat., R., 443d y los desarrollos filosóficos posteriores
Authors:   Universidad de Murcia, Spain, Redondo Reyes Pedro
Published: June 2021

From his soul-dividing model (through a comparison with music 443d) Plato presents in the Republic the predominance of certain virtues in each part and its political meaning. This idea is later developed by other Greek philosophical schools in imperial time. Plutarch’s commentary on the Platonic passage let us know how Neoplatonists, Neo-Pythagoreans and Stoics have enriched the identification between Soul and Virtue with elements taken from the musical system and from the latestdoctrine on virtues, even establishing links with theory of knowledge.
El concepto de hetaíros en la Carta séptima de Platón: la importancia de una compañía adecuada
Authors:   Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, subsede Ensenada, Mexico, Huerta Rodríguez Jesús Caos
Published: June 2021

In this work the topic of friendship is considered as the main subject in Plato’s Seventh Letter. Among the different terms used to refer to this conception, it is essential to understand hetaíros (“companion”) in order to make a suitable interpretation of its meaning within the letter. So I will recover the distinction made by Plato among companion-friend, companion-relative and companion-fellow to determine the use of hetaíros in the text. Through a synchronic reading I discover a double triadic structure which defines the meaning and relevance of hetaíros within the argumentative structure of the letter.
Venationes en la poesía latina tardoimperial. El poder de la arena y su final
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Instituto de Investigaciones Filológicas, Mexico, Flores Militello Vicente
Published: June 2021

This article analyzes various passages from Claudian’s and Gorippus’s political poems (Claud., Ruf., 2; Theod.; Stil., 3; VI Hon.; Goripp., Laud. Iust. Min., 3) which describe hunting games in the Roman arena (venationes) and have communicative aims: they either praise officeholders (consuls, generals, and emperors), or they criticize their opponents. This theme plays a fundamental role in early imperial poetry. But while early imperial poets (Calpurnius, Statius, Martial, and Juvenal) convey their message of praise or invective with briefer passages, Claudian and Gorippus present concatenated scenes, with the effect of increasingly persuading and impressing the reader. The role of the venatorial subject in Christian poets such as Prudentius (Prud., Ham.; c. Symm.) will be treated as well. Finally, this essay aims to establish when venationes are last attested in (late) Roman poetry.
De Eisenstein a Bressane: genealogias de um gesto experimental
Authors: De Oliveira Sandro
Published: June 2021

O trabalho do ator ocupa o centro de preocupações expressivas que são o front de pesquisas dentro do que se convencionou chamar de cinema experimental. Inúmeros realizadores e atores utilizaram uma vasta paleta de processos figurativos para expressar uma preocupação que perpassa quase toda a história do cinema experimental: o ato da visão pelo dispositivo cinematográfico e pela visão humana (personagem/ espectador). Este artigo descreve como atores e realizadores promoveram essa investigação figurativa sobre o motivo da mutilação ocular e suas variantes (enucleação, hemolacria, interferências sobre a película e cirurgias oftalmológicas) em filmes fora do enquadre teórico dos cinemas clássicos.
PENGEMBANGAN ALAT PERAGA DARI LIMBAH PLASTIK UNTUK MATERI GEOMETRI BIDANG DATAR JENJANG SEKOLAH DASAR [CREATING TEACHING AID FROM PLASTIC WASTE ON PLANE GEOMETRY IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL]
Authors: Pangaribuan Firman , Pangaribuan Rut K
Published: June 2021

Plastic waste that is difficult to decompose is a serious problem in environmental pollution. Geometry is a difficult subject for students, and plastic waste can be used as teaching aids to help students learn geometry. This research is a type of development research and aims to develop teaching aids from plastic waste in learning plane geometry in fifth grade elementary school. The results showed that the teaching aids developed were valid, practical and effective. Teaching aids are called practical if they meet the interesting, gradation, independent, auto-correction, and contextual aspects. The validity of the teaching aids is obtained through aspects of suitability, completeness, convenience, and clarity. Based on the assessment of the three validators, an average score of 3.50 was obtained so that the teaching aids were categorized as valid. The practicality of teaching aids by students showed that 95% of students stated that they were interesting, graded, and independent, 74% of students stated that it was auto-correction and 91% stated that it was contextual. The effectiveness of the teaching aids can be seen from the significant difference between the average pre-test score of 46.2 and the post-test average score of 77.3. The props from the plastic waste that were developed are stored and will be used later for the same lesson in the future.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Limbah plastik yang sulit terurai adalah masalah yang serius dalam pencemaran lingkungan. Geometri merupakan pelajaran yang sulit bagi siswa, dan limbah plastik dapat digunakan sebagai alat peraga untuk membantu siswa dalam belajar geometri. Penelitian ini adalah jenis pengembangan dan bertujuan mengembangkan alat peraga dari limbah plastik dalam pembelajaran geometri bidang datar di kelas V SD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat peraga yang dikembangkan valid, praktis dan efektif. Alat peraga disebut praktis jika memenuhi aspek menarik, bergradasi, mandiri, auto correction, dan kontekstual. Kevalidan alat peraga diperoleh melalui aspek kesesuaian, kelengkapan, kemudahan, dan kejelasan. Berdasarkan penilaian tiga validator diperoleh skor rata-rata 3,50 sehingga alat peraga dikategorikan valid. Kepraktisan alat peraga oleh siswa menunjukkan bahwa 95% siswa menyatakan menarik, bergradasi, dan mandiri, 74% siswa menyatakan auto correction dan 91% menyatakan kontekstual. Keefektifan alat peraga terlihat dari perbedaan yang signifikan antara skor rata-rata pre tes 46,2 dan skor rata-rata pos tes 77,3. Alat peraga dari limbah plastik yang dikembangkan disimpan dan akan digunakan kemudian untuk pelajaran yang sama di kemudian hari.
How to restore the safety of the people of Russia
Authors: Aganbegyan Abel
Published: June 2021

For every nation, preservation of the people is the most important thing. For Russia this life-affirming task is as important as for no other power due to its specific features. We are talking about the key geopolitical task of our country, since Russia has 17% of the Earth's land. At the same time, Russia's share in the world economy at purchasing power parity is 3.1%, and the population of Russia today makes only 1.9% of the world's population. And a further reduction in the country's share of the world population is highly undesirable. To stop the decline in the population by 2025, and then begin a gradual recovery of its size, three main measures are needed. The first and most significant is reduction in mortality, which in Russia on average with the account of the age structure, is 30-40% higher than in developed countries and 20% higher than in post-socialist countries. The main thing here is to reduce mortality in working age, from cardiovascular diseases and external causes. The second most important thing is to ensure migration growth to Russia up to 250 thousand people per year. The third is to increase the total fertility rate from 1.5 in 2019 to 1.75-1.8 by 2030. It is impossible to improve the demographic indicators and restore the safety of the people in the conditions of crisis and stagnation. But it is impossible to move to socio-economic growth without raising income and consumption of the population. The main condition for preservation of the people is resumption of the socio-economic growth by 3-4% per year that will ensure growth in the real income of the population and final consumption of households, assistance to families with children in order to overcome poverty and, ultimately, an increase in the birth rate.
About surplus of the buyer/seller in the labor market
Authors: Mortikov Vitalii
Published: June 2021

The objective of the article — to analyze not only microeconomic, but macroeconomic aspects of surplus of the buyer/seller in the labor market, to research economic policy oriented on its redistribution. The concept of employer/employee surplus in the labor market is clarified. This surplus is a socio-economical phenomenon, some noneconomic factors must be taken into account in researching it. The influence of inflation, social and age characteristics, changes in the market positions of labor market subjects on their salary offers and surplus has been determined. It makes sense to differentiate between nominal and real surplus, fixed surplus and surplus that can be influenced. The article presents grouping of job advertisements based on salary formulation. Informational aspects of the identifying economic surplus are considered. The author proposes direct and indirect indicators to reveal the changes in economic surplus: wage proposals in the vacancy announcements, salary reviews, resume data, population polls, prices for services of individual entrepreneurs, dynamics of unemployment and shadow employment etc. Potential of the government policy on surplus redistribution and the regulation of employer/employee behavior is substantiated. Some instruments aimed at such redistribution through incomes of employers, employees are proposed: minimum wages regulations, changes in taxation (personal income taxation, wage taxes); indexation of personal incomes, subsidization of wages, antimonopoly and administrative regulation of prices. The government can also influence the behavior of surplus receivers through immigration policy. The influence of some instruments on surplus regulation is contradictory. Minimum wage regulations can increase and decrease the surplus at the same time.
Specialists with higher medical education on the labor market
Authors: Kolennikova Olga
Published: June 2021

Based on the weighted microdata of the 2019 Rosstat Labor Force Survey, it was examined how the labor strategies of doctors implemented at the microlevel affect the situation on the labor market on the whole. To do this, the author tried to find answers to the following questions: 1) how the potential of those who had higher medical education was used in terms of their involvement in economic activity, 2) what is the amount of those whose labor path ran within the field of their chosen profession, and who did not work in the specialty and 3) what are the reserves of the unemployed, which, under certain conditions, could be used. The analysis carried out from the perspective of not only the standard, but also the extended concept of labor force showed high involvement of this professionally qualified group in the economy. Specialists with diplomas from medical higher schools stood out sharply among other categories of specialists by their commitment to their initial choice of profession. Only a relatively small number of doctors changed the type of occupation. Young doctors (graduates of2016-2018) followed the same strategies Judging by the scale of the real and potential resources of medical specialists, there is no reason to say that they are available in any significant amount. In scientific and political circles it is widely discussed how to overcome the shortage of doctors. Underestimation of the rather rigid restrictions on inter-professional mobility in the field of medicine leads to an increase in the vulnerability of this group of highly qualified specialists in the labor market and, as a consequence, to professional burnout and a decrease in motivation to work, which is extremely dangerous in medical practice.
Traditional and new patterns of today's urban youth demographic behavior
Authors: Loginov Dmitry
Published: June 2021

The article analyzes specific features of the Russian urban youth demographic behavior.. The empirical base of the study is the data of the representative public opinion poll of the Russian city dwellers aged 18-35 that was conducted in 2019. The levels of reproduction of the traditional patterns and the scale of the spread of new demographic orientations are revealed in the course of the study. It is shown that the mechanisms of postponed marriage and childbirth are taking place in the sphere of young people demographic behavior. The majority of young men are married or plan to be married in future, but even in the age cohort of32-35 around a quarter of respondents are not married and do not have permanent partner. Young marriages are giving way to the tradition of creating family after 25-30 years old that is also preceded by cohabitation without marriage. The optimal age for getting married is being put off and this is particularly characteristic of men. More educated representatives of urban youth are clearly orientated at the model in which the major part is taken by development of educational potential and making career, and creation of family is temporarily postponed. Childbirth remains the unconditional value of Russian youth, however refusal from early reproductive orientations also becomes social norm. The strategy "childfree" becomes actual in the youngest age cohort at the level of 18% and significantly loses its rates to 6-7% when it is getting closer to the age of 30. Mass groups orientated at gender egalitarianism in family relations are clearly distinguished among modern urban youth: the proposed typology shows that around 40% of respondents are characterized by a low level of egalitarianism, and 15% — by the most egalitarian attitudes. In general, the spread of new demographic patterns goes on gradually, while individualistic motivations are combined with preservation of the value of family and childbirth.
Round table “Healthcare and quality of life as an integral indicator of the development trajectory of state and society” at the VI St. Petersburg Economic Congress (SPEC-2020)
Authors: Aleksandrova Olga , Nenakhova Yulia , Lokosov Yevgeny
Published: June 2021

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Social justice — the basis of public accord in modern society (Part 2)
Authors: Patsiorkovsky Valery
Published: June 2021

Since the beginning of socio-economic transformations (1991), the state system has changed, but the concept of the essence of social justice established over the years of socialism has been preserved. This circumstance is crucial for mutual understanding and consent in our society. All subsequent events up to voting on the constitutional amendments (2020), convincingly testify in favor of the statement made. These amendments are a specific invention that opens up the possibility for the government to relieve constantly increasing tension for some time. The fact is that since the departure of tsarism from the historical scene (based on the divine origin of its power), the Constitution represents the country as a state ruled rule by law and in fact performs the function of a social contract. Therefore, according to the established tradition, a change of power always entails constitutional transformations. At the same time, everyone understands that there is a gap between the well-written constitutional norms and the reality of life in the country, which allows the government to rule at their own discretion. At the same time, the possibilities for maneuvering are far from unlimited. Both the constitutional amendments and the actions of the authorities during the period of self-isolation show a reverse movement towards socialist distributional relations. This is an inevitable payment for the use of market mechanisms in society, for which, even many years after the start of reforms, distribution relations serve as the main criterion for social justice. By initiating such amendments, the government show their concern and desire at least to look like wishing to restore social justice, and with it to increase trust, harmony, and cohesion in the society.
Analysis of mortality from the coronavirus infection in Russia
Authors: Smirnov Alexey
Published: June 2021

The coronavirus epidemic has had a significant impact on various aspects of socioeconomic relations in the Russian Federation. In the field of demography, the negative impact of the epidemic was twofold: the decline in fertility was accompanied by an increase in mortality. However, the real picture of mortality from COVID-19 is very difficult to draw. Different sources of 1information contain different numbers. The purpose of the study, based on a comparative analysis, is to determine the total mortality rate from coronavirus infection in Russia in 2020.To do this, it is necessary to compare the available data for individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as compare them with data from other countries similar to Russia in terms of the dynamics of the COVID-19 epidemic. As a result of a comparative analysis of regional data, as well as a comparison of Russian mortality rates with those of the United States and England, the article concludes that: data on mortality associated with COVID-19 differ significantly in different constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which at least indicates about significant and difficult to explain differences in the methodology used; the largest share of deaths associated with COVID-19 in excess mortality in December 2020 falls on Moscow, where it reaches 98.4%; mortality data in Moscow are close to similar data in the United States for December 2020; extrapolation of Moscow data for the whole of Russia and for the entire period of the epidemic makes it possible to estimate the total mortality associated with coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation, at the end of2020, at 337 thousand people, which is more than 6 times morethan according to the data of the Operational Headquarters.
Emotional Imperatives of Late Modern Society and their Possible Social Consequences
Authors: Simonova Olga
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this article is to examine the main “imperatives” of contemporary emotional culture, which may provide special research optics for a deeper understanding of late modern society. The author begins with a definition of emotional culture — based on the body of works in sociology of emotions — and identifies dominant emotional norms and their corresponding perceptions, which bear the nature of imperatives in people’s everyday experience and serve as an extension of social values. These emotional imperatives include rational control over emotions, a compulsive desire to be and look happy, avoiding negative feelings, individual guilt from any sort of failure in social life, grievance that takes the form of righteous indignation, and others. These “imperatives” are in some respect contradictory, reflecting different aspects of life, but generally subject to the logic of late modern society, and can have important implicit social consequences such as broken social ties, “chronic” feelings of depression and frustration, fatigue, bad moods, increased anxiety and fears and many other implicit consequences, such as the emergence of new forms of solidarity. As a result of global events and the resulting social crises, these imperatives may change, thereby allowing us to trace how people’s lived experiences are changing. The list of emotional imperatives is not by any means full, and the same goes for their description, but through the outlined emotional imperatives the author attempts to describe theoretically contemporary cultural configurations of lived experience through leading emotional norms.