bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHOPPI: A web tool for the analysis of immunogenicity risk from host cell proteins in CHO‐based protein production
Authors: Bailey‐Kellogg Chris , Gutiérrez Andres H. , Moise Leonard , Terry Frances , Martin William D. , De Groot Anne S.
Published: June 2014

Despite high quality standards and continual process improvements in manufacturing, host cell protein (HCP) process impurities remain a substantial risk for biological products. Even at low levels, residual HCPs can induce a detrimental immune response compromising the safety and efficacy of a biologic. Consequently, advanced‐stage clinical trials have been cancelled due to the identification of antibodies against HCPs. To enable earlier and rapid assessment of the risks in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO)‐based protein production of residual CHO protein impurities (CHOPs), we have developed a web tool called CHOPPI, for CHO Protein Predicted Immunogenicity. CHOPPI integrates information regarding the possible presence of CHOPs (expression and secretion) with characterizations of their immunogenicity (T cell epitope count and density, and relative conservation with human counterparts). CHOPPI can generate a report for a specified CHO protein (e.g., identified from proteomics or immunoassays) or characterize an entire specified subset of the CHO genome (e.g., filtered based on confidence in transcription and similarity to human proteins). The ability to analyze potential CHOPs at a genomic scale provides a baseline to evaluate relative risk. We show here that CHOPPI can identify clear differences in immunogenicity risk among previously validated CHOPs, as well as identify additional “risky” CHO proteins that may be expressed during production and induce a detrimental immune response upon delivery. We conclude that CHOPPI is a powerful tool that provides a valuable computational complement to existing experimental approaches for CHOP risk assessment and can focus experimental efforts in the most important directions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2170–2182. © 2014 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High current densities enable exoelectrogens to outcompete aerobic heterotrophs for substrate
Authors: Ren Lijiao , Zhang Xiaoyuan , He Weihua , Logan Bruce E.
Published: June 2014

In mixed‐culture microbial fuel cells (MFCs), exoelectrogens and other microorganisms compete for substrate. It has previously been assumed that substrate losses to other terminal electron acceptors over a fed‐batch cycle, such as dissolved oxygen, are constant. However, a constant rate of substrate loss would only explain small increases in coulombic efficiencies (CEs, the fraction of substrate recovered as electrical current) with shorter cycle times, but not the large increases in CE that are usually observed with higher current densities and reduced cycle times. To better understand changes in CEs, COD concentrations were measured over time in fed‐batch, single‐chamber, air‐cathode MFCs at different current densities (external resistances). COD degradation rates were all found to be first‐order with respect to COD concentration, even under open circuit conditions with no current generation (first‐order rate constant of 0.14 ± 0.01 h−1). The rate of COD removal increased when there was current generation, with the highest rate constant (0.33 ± 0.02 h−1) obtained at the lowest external resistance (100 Ω). Therefore, as the substrate concentration was reduced more quickly due to current generation, the rate of loss of substrate to non‐exoelectrogens decreased due to this first‐order substrate‐concentration dependence. As a result, coulombic efficiencies rapidly increased due to decreased, and not constant, removal rates of substrate by non‐exoelectrogens. These results show that higher current densities (lower resistances) redirect a greater percentage of substrate into current generation, enabling large increase in CEs with increased current densities. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2163–2169. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systems metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for gram scale production of the antitumor drug deoxyviolacein from glycerol
Authors: Rodrigues André Luis , Becker Judith , de Souza Lima André Oliveira , Porto Luismar Marques , Wittmann Christoph
Published: June 2014

Deoxyviolacein is a microbial drug with biological activity against tumors, gram‐positive bacteria, and fungal plant pathogens. Here, we describe an Escherichia coli strain for heterologous production of this high‐value drug from glycerol. Plasmid‐based expression of the deoxyviolacein cluster vioABCE was controlled by the araBAD promoter and induction by L‐arabinose. Through elimination of L‐arabinose catabolism in E. coli, the pentose sugar could be fully directed to induction of deoxyviolacein biosynthesis and was no longer metabolized, as verified by 13C isotope experiments. Deletion of the araBAD genes beneficially complemented with previously described (i) engineering of the pentose phosphate pathway, (ii) chorismate biosynthesis, (iii) tryptophan biosynthesis, (iv) improved supply of L‐serine, (v) elimination of tryptophan repression, and (vi) of tryptophan catabolism. Subsequent screening of the created next‐generation producer E. coli dVio‐8 identified glycerol as optimum carbon source and a level of 100 mg L−1 of L‐arabinose as optimum for induction. Transferred to a glycerol‐based fed‐batch process, E. coli dVio‐8 surpassed the gram scale and produced 1.6 g L−1 deoxyviolacein. With straightforward extraction from culture broth and purification by flash chromatography, deoxyviolacein was obtained at >99.5% purity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2280–2289. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas chromatography–electron ionization–mass spectrometry quantitation of valproic acid and gabapentin, using dried plasma spots, for therapeutic drug monitoring in in‐home medical care
Authors: Ikeda Kayo , Ikawa Kazuro , Yokoshige Satoko , Yoshikawa Satoshi , Morikawa Norifumi
Published: June 2014

A simple and sensitive gas chromatography–electron ionization–mass spectrometry (GC‐EI‐MS) method using dried plasma spot testing cards was developed for determination of valproic acid and gabapentin concentrations in human plasma from patients receiving in‐home medical care. We have proposed that a simple, easy and dry sampling method is suitable for in‐home medical patients for therapeutic drug monitoring. Therefore, in the present study, we used recently developed commercially available easy handling cards: Whatman FTA DMPK‐A and Bond Elut DMS. In‐home medical care patients can collect plasma using these simple kits. The spots of plasma on the cards were extracted into methanol and then evaporated to dryness. The residues were trimethylsilylated using N‐methyl‐N‐trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide. For GC‐EI‐MS analysis, the calibration curves on both cards were linear from 10 to 200 µg/mL for valproic acid, and from 0.5 to 10 µg/mL for gabapentin. Intra‐ and interday precisions in plasma were both ≤13.0% (coefficient of variation), and the accuracy was between 87.9 and 112% for both cards within the calibration curves. The limits of quantification were 10 µg/mL for valproic acid and 0.5 µg/mL for gabapentin on both cards. We believe that the present method will be useful for in‐home medical care. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High expression of L‐type amino acid transporter 1 as a prognostic marker in bile duct adenocarcinomas
Authors: Yanagisawa Nobuyuki , Hana Kiyomi , Nakada Norihiro , Ichinoe Masaaki , Koizumi Wasaburo , Endou Hitoshi , Okayasu Isao , Murakumo Yoshiki
Published: June 2014

Oncocytic L‐type amino acid transporter (LAT) 1 may be a prognostic indicator and target of new molecular therapeutic agents against malignancies. To investigate whether LAT1 expression influence the outcomes of patients with bile duct cancer, the expression of LAT1, LAT2, CD98, and Ki‐67 was investigated immunohistochemically in 134 surgically resected bile duct adenocarcinomas, including 84 distal extrahepatic bile duct adenocarcinomas, 21 hilar cholangiocarcinomas, 15 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, and 14 ampullary adenocarcinomas. LAT1 expression was weakly correlated with CD98 expression and Ki‐67 labeling index (LI). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant difference in prognosis between patients with bile duct adenocarcinomas having LAT1‐high and ‐low scores, whereas LAT2 and CD98 expression and Ki‐67 LI were not predictive of poor prognosis. Prognosis tended to be worse in patients having tumors with LAT1‐high/LAT2‐low than LAT1‐low/LAT2‐high scores (P = 0.0686). Multivariable analyses revealed that LAT1 expression, surgical margin, pT stage were independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, aberrant overexpression of LAT1 in bile duct adenocarcinoma predicts poor prognosis, suggesting that LAT1 may be a potential target of anticancer therapy.
Uptake and metabolism of d‐glucose in isolated acinar and ductal cells from rat submandibular glands
Authors: Cetik Sibel , Rzajeva Aigun , Hupkens Emeline , Malaisse Willy J. , Sener Abdullah
Published: June 2014

The present study deals with the possible effects of selected environmental agents upon the uptake and metabolism of d‐glucose in isolated acinar and ductal cells from the rat submandibular salivary gland. In acinar cells, the uptake of d‐[U‐14C]glucose and its non‐metabolised analogue 3‐O‐[14C‐methyl]‐d‐glucose was not affected significantly by phloridzin (0.1 mM) or substitution of extracellular NaCl (115 mM) by an equimolar amount of CsCl, whilst cytochalasin B (20 μM) decreased significantly such an uptake. In ductal cells, both phloridzin and cytochalasin B decreased the uptake of d‐glucose and 3‐O‐methyl‐d‐glucose. Although the intracellular space was comparable in acinar and ductal cells, the catabolism of d‐glucose (2.8 or 8.3 mM) was two to four times higher in ductal cells than in acinar cells. Phloridzin (0.1 mM), ouabain (1.0 mM) and cytochalasin B (20 μM) all impaired d‐glucose catabolism in ductal cells. Such was also the case in ductal cells incubated in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ or in media in which NaCl was substituted by CsCl. It is proposed that the ductal cells in the rat submandibular gland are equipped with several systems mediating the insulin‐sensitive, cytochalasin B‐sensitive and phloridzin‐sensitive transport of d‐glucose across the plasma membrane. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of neonatal Jeune syndrome expanding the phenotype
Authors: Drera Bruno , Ferrari Daniela , Cavalli Pietro , Poggiani Carlo
Published: June 2014

Key Clinical Message

We report the case of a premature, very low birth weight, newborn with stigmata of Jeune syndrome, a rare skeletal dysplasia, and marked renal involvement (i.e. remarkable prenatal oligohydramnios, histologic nephronophthisis‐like pattern, macroscopic renal cysts, and renal failure), expanding the phenotype consistent with the continuum of syndromic ciliopathies.
Efficient Water Oxidation Catalyzed by Mononuclear Ruthenium(II) Complexes Incorporating Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Li Ting‐Ting , Chen Yong , Li Fu‐Min , Zhao Wei‐Liang , Wang Chuan‐Jun , Lv Xiao‐Jun , Xu Quan‐Qing , Fu Wen‐Fu
Published: June 2014

Four new charge‐neutral ruthenium(II) complexes containing dianionic Schiff base and isoquinoline or 4‐picoline ligands were synthesized and characterized by NMR and ESI‐MS spectroscopies, elemental analysis, and X‐ray diffraction. The complexes exhibited excellent chemical water oxidation activity and high stability under acidic conditions (pH 1.0) using (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 as a sacrificial electron acceptor. The high catalytic activities of these complexes for water oxidation were sustained for more than 10 h at low concentrations. High turnover numbers of up to 3200 were achieved. A water nucleophilic attack mechanism was proposed. A RuVO intermediate was detected during the catalytic cycle by high‐resolution mass spectrometry.
S=1/2 One‐Dimensional Random‐Exchange Ferromagnetic Zigzag Ladder, Which Exhibits Competing Interactions in a Critical Regime
Authors: Herringer Susan N. , Deumal Mercè , Ribas‐Arino Jordi , Novoa Juan J. , Landee Christopher P. , Wikaira Jan L. , Turnbull Mark M.
Published: June 2014

The synthesis, crystal structure, and magnetic properties (from a combined experimental and First‐Principles Bottom‐Up theoretical study) of the new compound catena‐dichloro(2‐Cl‐3Mpy)copper(II), 1, [2‐Cl‐3Mpy=2‐chloro‐3‐methylpyridine] are described and rationalized. Crystals of 1 present well isolated magnetic 1D chains (no 3D order was experimentally observed down to 1.8 K) and magnetic frustration stemming from competing ferromagnetic nearest‐neighbor (JNN) interactions and antiferromagnetic next‐nearest neighbor (JNNN) interactions, in which α=JNNN/JNN <−0.25. These magnetic interactions give rise to a unique magnetic topology: a two‐leg zigzag ladder composed of edge‐sharing up‐down triangles with antiferromagnetic interactions along the rails and ferromagnetic interactions along the zigzag chain that connects the rails. Crystals of 1 also present a random distribution of the 2‐Cl‐3Mpy groups, which are arranged in two different orientations, each with a 50 % occupancy. This translates into a random static structural disorder within each chain by virtue of which the value of the JNN magnetic interactions can randomly take one of the following three values: 53, 36, and 16 cm−1. The structural disorder does not affect the JNNN value, which in all cases is approximately −9 cm−1. A proper statistical treatment of this disorder provides a computed magnetic susceptibility curve that reproduces the main features of the experimental data.
Preparation and Regioselective Metalation of Bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl‐Substituted Aryl Derivatives
Authors: Werner Veronika , Klatt Thomas , Fujii Masaya , Markiewicz Jenifer , Apeloig Yitzhak , Knochel Paul
Published: June 2014

A range of bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl‐substituted aryl derivatives was prepared by using a Kumada–Corriu cross‐coupling reaction. The regioselective metalation of the resulting bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl‐substituted aryl derivatives bearing this bulky silyl group allowed the generation of functionalized aromatics. A regioselective switch in the presence or in the absence of the bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl group has been demonstrated. Furthermore, this silyl group was converted into a formyl group or a styryl group, enhancing the scope of application of such bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl‐substituted arenes.
Boron Diiminate with Aggregation‐Induced Emission and Crystallization‐Induced Emission‐Enhancement Characteristics
Authors: Yoshii Ryousuke , Hirose Amane , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: June 2014

Organoboron complexes having aggregation‐ and crystalization‐induced emission properties are presented. The series of boron diiminates were synthesized and the emission behaviors of the synthesized compounds were investigated. Finally, it was found that significant enhancement of the emission depended on the crystallinity in the solid states.
ChemInform Abstract: Different Structural Models of YB2C2 and GdB2C2 on the Basis of Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Data.
Authors: Reckeweg Olaf , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: June 2014

YB2C2 and GdB2C2 are prepared from the elements by arc melting and subsequent annealing at 900 °C (3 d) and characterized by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: A Nitrate Nonlinear Optical Crystal Pb16(OH)16(NO3)16 with a Large Second‐Harmonic Generation Response.
Authors: Chang Lixian , Wang Li , Su Xin , Pan Shilie , Hailili Reshalaiti , Yu Hongwei , Yang Zhihua
Published: June 2014

Colorless block crystals of the title compound are hydrothermally prepared from aqueous mixtures of Pb(NO3)2 and LiOOH (autoclave, 200 °C, 72 h, 92% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of Transparent, Photoluminescent MgAl2O4:Eu2+ Ceramics.
Authors: Waetzig Katja , Kinski Isabel
Published: June 2014

The title ceramics is prepared by sintering mixtures of commercially available MgAl2O4 powder and a solution of Eu(NO3)3 in EtOH (1100 °C, 5 h) followed by hot isostatic pressing (Ar, 1500 °C, 180 MPa, 15 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Good Thermoelectric Performance in Strongly Correlated System SnCCo3 with Antiperovskite Structure.
Authors: Lin Shuai , Tong Peng , Wang Bosen , Lin Jianchao , Huang Yanan , Sun Yuping
Published: June 2014

The magnetic, electrical, and thermoelectric properties of ACCo3 (A: Sn, Al, Ga, Ge) and SnCM3 (M: Mn, Fe) are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconducting Double Perovskite Bismuth Oxide Prepared by a Low‐Temperature Hydrothermal Reaction.
Authors: Kumada Nobuhiro , et al. et al.
Published: June 2014

The double perovskite (Na0.25K0.45)(Ba1.00)3 (Bi1.00)4O12 is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of NaBiO3, Ba(OH)2, and KOH (autoclave, 220 °C) and characterized by powder XRD, TEM, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical resistivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Thermodynamic Properties of (C5H12N)CuBr3: A New Weakly Coupled Antiferromagnetic Spin‐1/2 Chain Complex Lying in the 1D—3D Dimensional Cross‐Over Regime.
Authors: Pan Bingying , Wang Yang , Zhang Lijuan , Li Shiyan
Published: June 2014

Single crystals of the title compound are prepared by the evaporation method from CuBr2 dissolved in EtOH, aqueous HBr, and piperidine (7 d) and characterized by single crystal XRD, specific heat, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Spin Exchange and Magnetic Dipole—Dipole Interactions Leading to the Magnetic Superstructures of MAs2O6 (M: Mn, Co, Ni).
Authors: Koo Hyun‐Joo , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan
Published: June 2014

The spin exchange and magnetic dipole—dipole interaction energies of the isostructural title compounds are evaluated by DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Prussian Blue Analogues: Template‐Free Synthesis and Sodium‐Ion Battery Applications.
Authors: Yue Yanfeng , Binder Andrew J. , Guo Bingkun , Zhang Zhiyong , Qiao Zhen‐An , Tian Chengcheng , Dai Sheng
Published: June 2014

Mesoporous Prussian blue Ni analogues as high‐performance electrode materials in Na‐ion batteries are prepared through a template‐free, environmentally friendly, and low‐cost method.
ChemInform Abstract: A6U3Sb2P8S32 (A: Rb, Cs): Quinary Uranium(IV) Thiophosphates Containing the [Sb(PS4)3]6— Anion.
Authors: Babo Jean‐Marie , Diefenbach Kariem , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: June 2014

The title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of Sb, M2S3 (M: Rb, Cs), U, and P2S5 (silica tubes, 500 °C, 5 d 50% yield) and characterized by single crystal XRD, solid state UV/VIS/NIR and Raman spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Copper(I) Orthophosphates Li3‐xCuxPO4: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Electrochemical Properties.
Authors: Snyder Katharina , Raguz Branimir , Hoffbauer Wilfried , Glaum Robert , Ehrenberg Hartmut , Herklotz Markus
Published: June 2014

Along the quasi‐binary section Li3PO4—Cu3PO4 three structurally different phases Li3‐xCuxPO4 are prepared under equilibrium conditions using Li3PO4, Li4P2O7, LiPO3, Cu2O, Cu, and Cu3(PO4)2 as starting materials (evacuated silica tubes, 600—900 °C, 3—14 d, quenching).
ChemInform Abstract: Bromination of Arenes Using I2O5‐KBr in Water.
Authors: Hou Jieping , Li Zejiang , Jia Xiao‐Dong , Liu Zhong‐Quan
Published: June 2014

Various aromatic compounds are brominated using an efficient, mild, and environmentally benign method.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Trifluoromethylthiolation of Oxindoles Using Shelf‐Stable N‐(Trifluoromethylthio)phthalimide and a Cinchona Alkaloid Catalyst.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Liu Xiangqian , Bootwicha Teerawut , Pluta Roman , Merkens Carina
Published: June 2014

The structure of the product (IIIe) is confirmed by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc Triflate Catalyzed Synthesis of β‐Enamino Ketones(esters) under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Feng Chengliang , Zhang Shuguang , Cai Jin , Chen Junqing , Hu Huayou , Ji Min
Published: June 2014

Secondary amines are not applicable under the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Primary Amidation of N‐Protected Phenylglycine and Dipeptides Without Racemization or Epimerization.
Authors: Noguchi Takuya , Jung Seunghee , Imai Nobuyuki
Published: June 2014

The activation and amidation step proceeds at low temperature, thus avoiding racemization of the products.
ChemInform Abstract: Multifarenes: New Modular Cavitands.
Authors: Parvari Galit , Annamalai Senthilmurugan , Borovoi Iris , Chechik Helena , Botoshansky Mark , Pappo Doron , Keinan Ehud
Published: June 2014

A small library of multifarenes of the type (IV) of different size is constructed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxymethyl‐2,4‐methanoproline.
Authors: Vasiuta Roman I. , Gorichko Marian V.
Published: June 2014

The title compound (VI), which is a novel conformationally restricted analogue of proline, is synthesized in four steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Free Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Enamides.
Authors: Lone Ali Mohd , Bhat Bilal Ahmad
Published: June 2014

The reaction proceeds under an unprecedented cascade involving addition/halogenation/elimination and a Morita—Baylis—Hillman type reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Bacterial Hydrolysis of Amido Esters and Diamides Derived from (.+‐.)‐trans‐Cyclopropane‐1,2‐dicarboxylic Acid.
Authors: Hugentobler Katharina G. , Rebolledo Francisca
Published: June 2014

The amidase contained in the whole cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous represents an adequate catalyst for the enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic cyclopropane amido ester (I) and diamides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Dienone Photorearrangement—Cycloaddition for the Rapid Generation of Molecular Complexity.
Authors: Bos Pieter H. , Antalek Mitchell T. , Porco John A. Jr. , Stephenson Corey R. J.
Published: June 2014

The reaction of the alkene‐tethered substrates affords mostly the mixtures of 5,1‐ and 1,5‐bonded products with the former being the major one.
ChemInform Abstract: Room Temperature Decarboxylative Trifluoromethylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids by Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Xu Pan , Abdukader Ablimit , Hu Kaidong , Cheng Yixiang , Zhu Chengjian
Published: June 2014

The title reaction uses Togni′s reagent as the CF3 source and is suggested to proceed via a radical‐type mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Method for Synthesis of Benzoquinones Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent and Sodium Bisulfate.
Authors: Sasane Kulbhushan A. , Telvekar Vikas N.
Published: June 2014

A simple and environmentally friendly protocol for the direct transformation of benzamide to corresponding benzoquinone derivatives is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 4‐Amino‐2‐fluoro‐N‐methyl‐benzamide.
Authors: Xu Defeng , Xu Xing , Zhu Zhiling
Published: June 2014

Derivative (V) is the key intermediate for the preparation of Enzalutamide.
ChemInform Abstract: The nBu4NI Catalyzed Oxidative Benzoic Acid Amide Formation from Aryl Acetaldehydes and Amines in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Song Ge , Sun Gangchun , Tang Yamin , Mai Wenpeng
Published: June 2014

This type of carbon degradation process in aqueous media has never been reported before.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Coupling of Disulfides and Diselenides with Alkyl Halides Catalyzed by a Silica‐Supported Phosphine Rhodium Complex Using Hydrogen as a Reducing Agent.
Authors: Zhang Hean , Hu Mangen , Cai Mingzhong
Published: June 2014

The catalyst can be reused at least five times.
ChemInform Abstract: Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Functionalized Vinyl Sulfides by Radical Allylation.
Authors: Debien Laurent , Braun Marie‐Gabrielle , Quiclet‐Sire Beatrice , Zard Samir Z.
Published: June 2014

2‐Fluoropyridinyl‐6‐oxy‐substituted vinyl sulfides react with xanthate‐derived radicals to yield functionalized vinyl sulfides via an addition/elimination process.
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonium Salt Catalyzed Oxidation of Organosulfides to Organosulfoxydes.
Authors: Secci Francesco , Frongia Angelo , Piras Pier Paolo
Published: June 2014

The catalyst can be recycled and reused without loss of the catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct β‐Functionalization of Cyclic Ketones with Aryl Ketones via the Merger of Photoredox and Organocatalysis.
Authors: Petronijevic Filip R. , Nappi Manuel , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: June 2014

The reaction proceeds via photoinduced single electron transfers (SET) of the aryl ketones and enamines generated from the cyclic ketones and azepane followed by radical—radical coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzo[c]fluorenone Through a One‐Pot Cascade Reaction Using Inden‐1‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Zheng Shuyan , Tan Hongsheng , Zhang Xiaoguang , Yu Chunhui , Shen Zhengwu
Published: June 2014

The simple one‐pot cycloaddition/decarbonylation/dehydrogenation sequence of two indenones allows the synthesis of benzo[c]fluorenone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Glycidates via Oxidation of Acrylates with Aqueous Solution of NaOCl in the Presence of Ammonium Salts.
Authors: Ochiai Bungo , Hirano Taiki
Published: June 2014

The green and fast oxidation of acrylates proceeds in the presence of ammonium catalysts with appropriate structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Room‐Temperature Synthesis and Antimicrobial Study of Novel 2‐Aroylbenzofuran‐3‐ols from Substituted Methyl Salicylates and Phenacyl Bromides.
Authors: Kulkarni Rashmi S. , Hanumanthappa Suresha Kumara T. , Gopalpur Nagendrappa , Vijaya Kumar Sowmya H. B. , More Sunil S.
Published: June 2014

Some of the new 2‐aroylbenzofuranols (III) (21 examples) show prominent antibacterial and/or antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity in the Nucleophile Trapping of Arynes: The Electronic and Steric Effects of Nucleophiles and Substituents.
Authors: Karmakar Rajdip , Yun Sang Young , Wang Kung‐Pern , Lee Daesung
Published: June 2014

The regioselectivity of this trapping reaction is influenced not only by the nature of the nucleophile but mainly by the nature of the substituents on the aryne moieties.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 1‐((Aryl)(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐yl)methyl)urea and 1‐((Aryl)(2‐oxoindolin‐3‐yl)methyl)thiourea Derivatives
Authors: Yan Jianming , Lei Min , Hu Lihong
Published: June 2014

via three‐component reactions of 2‐indolinone with aromatic aldehydes and corresponding urea derivatives
ChemInform Abstract: Isoindolone Synthesis via Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Amination of Benzylic C—H Bonds.
Authors: Zhang Ming
Published: June 2014

The 8‐quinolinyl moiety is essential for the cyclization to occur since a derivative with a methyl instead of the quinolyl group, N,2,4,6‐tetramethylbenzamide, does not react under the investigated conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Tributyl(carboxymethyl)phosphonium Bromide as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Khazaei Ardeshir , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Faal‐Rastegar Toktam
Published: June 2014

The applied catalyst is an ionic liquid prepared from bromoacetic acid and tributylphosphine.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carboacetoxylation of Activated Alkynes with Amino Acids.
Authors: Tang Shi , Li Qing‐Lan , Zhou Dong , Tang Xin‐Mei , Li Shu‐Hua
Published: June 2014

A variety of pharmaceutically important 3‐methyleneindolinones are synthesized via a hitherto unreported oxidative tandem acetoxypalladation/C—H activation process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Dispiro[acenaphthylene‐pyrrolidine‐pyrrolizine] Derivatives via a 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide
Authors: Liu Bin , Li Xiaofang , Du Liyun , Li Zhikui , Zeng Rongjin
Published: June 2014

generated in situ from acenaphthenequinone (IV) and sarcosine with 2‐arylidenepyrrolizinone derivatives (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Polycyclic Core of Vincorine via Cascade Reactions.
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Wei , Yang Jiong
Published: June 2014

A six‐step synthesis of the polycyclic core (I) of vincorine is described.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of S‐Substituted Derivatives of 3‐[2‐[(4‐Methylphenyl)amino]ethyl] ‐4‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thiones and Their Antioxidative Activity.
Authors: Tumosiene Ingrida , Jonuskiene Ilona , Kantminiene Kristina , Beresnevicius Zigmuntas Jonas
Published: June 2014

A variety of novel S‐alkylated triazolethiones are synthesized and evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cu(I) Catalyzed Mild and General Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles from Terminal Acetylenes and in situ Generated Alkyl Azides.
Authors: Lopez‐Ruiz Heraclio , Rojas‐Lima Susana , de la Cerda‐Pedro Jose Emilio , Amador‐Sanchez Yoarhy Alejandro , Cortes‐Hernandez Mayra , Perez‐Perez Jovana
Published: June 2014

The reaction is catalyzed by cuprous cyanide, in situ generated from cupric sulfate and sodium cyanide.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Hantzsch Dihydropyridine in Copper‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Terminal Alkynes with Azides.
Authors: Jin Zuxi , Xue Peng , Fu Enqin
Published: June 2014

Dihydropyridine Hantzsch ester in combination with CuSO4 represents an efficient catalyst system for the synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted triazoles (23 examples) via click reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1H‐Tetrazoles in Molten Tetrabutylammonium Bromide.
Authors: Xie Aming , Cao Meiping , Feng Liandong , Dong Wei
Published: June 2014

Use of molten Bu4NBr allows to carry out the reaction without any additional catalyst or organic solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 3‐Cyanocoumarins with C‐6 Azo Function Using Ultrasound and Grinding Techniques in the Presence of Nano Fe3O4.
Authors: Nikpassand Mohammad , Fekri Leila , Changiz Narjes , Imani Forouzan
Published: June 2014

Several substituted C‐6 azo‐functionalized 3‐cyanocoumarins are either synthesized from azo aldehydes and malononitrile in the presence of reusable magnetic nano Fe3O4 or by diazotization of 3‐cyanocoumarins.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Novel Roflumilast Analogues.
Authors: Sun Gangchun , Si Yuhui , Song Ge , Mai Wenpeng , Li Zhicheng
Published: June 2014

Roflumilast is a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor for treatment of bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Piperidines from Aromatic Aldehydes, Cyanoacetates, Nitromethane and Ammonium Acetate.
Authors: Liu Juanjuan , Zhou Zhengquan , Li Yan , Ye Weijian , Yao Juan , Wang Cunde
Published: June 2014

The ratios of the substrates as well as the amount of base play a crucial role in the outcome of the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel, Versatile and Eco‐Compatible Preparation of New 6‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl) ‐2‐oxo‐4‐aryl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐5‐carbonitriles in Water.
Authors: Fatma Shahin , Singh Divya , Mishra Priya , Singh Pravin K. , Ankit Preyas , Singh J.
Published: June 2014

The reaction is conducted under environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Four‐Step Synthesis of Thioxo‐quinazolino[3,4‐a]quinazolinone Derivatives.
Authors: Shafii Behnaz , Saeedi Mina , Mahdavi Mohammad , Foroumadi Alireza , Shafiee Abbas
Published: June 2014

The title compounds (IV) are obtained in four efficient steps from readily available isatoic anhydride without using expensive catalyst and reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 1‐Azadienes and Ketenimines by the Reaction of Alkyl Isocyanides and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates in the Presence of Theophylline Derivatives.
Authors: Mosslemin Mohammad Hossein , Shams Nasim , Anaraki‐Ardakani Hossein , Yazdani Afshin
Published: June 2014

Application of pivalonitrile instead of cyclohexanecarbonitrile (III) gives the corresponding analogues of (IV) and (V) in comparable yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Isatin Imines in the Reaction with Iminophosphine: X‐Ray Structure of Phospholane Derivatives.
Authors: Arsanious Mona Hizkial Nasr , Maigali Soher Said
Published: June 2014

Dimeric spirophospholane (III), phosphoramides (V), and phosphonamides (VII) are obtained in reactions of isatin imines (I), (IV), (VII) with iminophosphine.
ChemInform Abstract: [1‐Hydroxy‐1‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]phosphonates and ‐phosphinates: Convenient Synthesis Through Intramolecular Abramov Reaction and Protective Activity Against Influenza A.
Authors: Korshin Edward E. , Pozdeev Oskar K.
Published: June 2014

Careful hydrolysis of amidophosphites and ‐phosphonites produces the title compounds (II) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Cytotoxic Properties of Selenopheno[3,2‐c]‐ and Selenopheno[2,3‐c]quinolones.
Authors: Arsenyan P. , Vasiljeva J. , Shestakova I. , Domracheva I. , Belyakov S.
Published: June 2014

Novel selenophenoquinolones (IV) and (VII) are synthesized by reaction of appropriate alkynylquinolone derivatives (III) or (VI), resp., with in situ generated selenium tetrabromide.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole‐benzodiazepine‐2,5‐dione Derivatives from a Soil Fungus Aspergillus sp. PSU‐RSPG185.
Authors: Rukachaisirikul Vatcharin , Rungsaiwattana Nachamon , Klaiklay Saranyoo , Pakawatchai Chaveng , Saithong Saowanit , Phongpaichit Souwalak , Borwornwiriyapan Kawitsara , Sakayaroj Jariya
Published: June 2014

Nine indole alkaloids were isolated from the title fungus including six new compounds [(I)‐(III)] called asperdiazapinones A‐F.
ChemInform Abstract: Dipasperoside A, a Novel Pyridine Alkaloid‐Coupled Iridoid Glucoside from the Roots of Dipsacus asper.
Authors: Li Feng , Tanaka Ken , Watanabe Shiro , Tezuka Yasuhiro , Saiki Ikuo
Published: June 2014

Dipasperoside A (I) is isolated along with 20 known compounds from the water extract of Dipsacus asper roots.
ChemInform Abstract: 25th Anniversary Article: Hybrid Nanostructures Based on Two‐Dimensional Nanomaterials
Authors: Huang Xiao , Tan Chaoliang , Yin Zongyou , Zhang Hua
Published: June 2014

Review: preparation, properties, and application; 273 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Characterization of Perovskite Oxides
Authors: Prado‐Gonjal Jesus , Schmidt Rainer , Moran Emilio
Published: June 2014

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of 43Ca Solid State NMR Spectroscopy as a Probe of Local Structure in Inorganic and Molecular Materials
Authors: Laurencin Danielle , Smith Mark E.
Published: June 2014

Review: 156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene Single Crystals
Authors: Yan Zheng , Peng Zhiwei , Tour James M.
Published: June 2014

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Carbenes
Authors: Diver Steven T. , French Jonathan M.
Published: June 2014

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis by Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)
Authors: Rose Marcus , Palkovits Regina
Published: June 2014

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromatic C‐F Activation: Converting Fluoroarenes to Useful Building Blocks
Authors: Keyes Lauren , Love Jennifer A.
Published: June 2014

Review: 172 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Sulfoximines: Syntheses, Properties and Applications
Authors: Bizet Vincent , Kowalczyk Rafal , Bolm Carsten
Published: June 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Click Chemistry — Supramolecular Interactions of 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Schulze Benjamin , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: June 2014

Review: 583 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Triangulenes and Helicenes: Synthesis, Chemical Stability, Optical Properties and Extended Applications of These Unusual Dyes
Authors: Bosson Johann , Gouin Jerome , Lacour Jerome
Published: June 2014

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Deep Eutectic Solvents in Polymerizations: A Greener Alternative to Conventional Syntheses
Authors: del Monte Francisco , Carriazo Daniel , Serrano Maria C. , Gutierrez Maria C. , Ferrer M. Luisa
Published: June 2014

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Structural Library of Functionalized Quinazoline and Quinazolinone Scaffolds: Synthetic Approaches and Multifarious Applications
Authors: Khan Imtiaz , Ibrar Aliya , Abbas Naeem , Saeed Aamer
Published: June 2014

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Asymmetric Intra‐ and Intermolecular Halofunctionalizations of Alkenes
Authors: Cheng Yi An , Yu Wesley Zongrong , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: June 2014

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemo‐ and Site‐Selective Derivatizations of Natural Products Enabling Biological Studies
Authors: Robles Omar , Romo Daniel
Published: June 2014

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonplanarity Index for Fused Benzenoid Hydrocarbons
Authors: Dias Jerry Ray
Published: June 2014

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalysis with Metal Nanoparticles Immobilized within the Pores of Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Aijaz Arshad , Xu Qiang
Published: June 2014

Review: 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Oxidative Processes Catalyzed by Polymer‐Incarcerated Multimetallic Nanoclusters with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Miyamura Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shu
Published: June 2014

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of πσ* States in the Photochemistry of Heteroaromatic Biomolecules and their Subunits: Insights from Gas‐Phase Femtosecond Spectroscopy
Authors: Roberts Gareth M. , Stavros Vasilios G.
Published: June 2014

Review: 225 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Factors Influencing Quantitative Liquid (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Abellan P. , Woehl T. J. , Parent L. R. , Browning N. D. , Evans J. E. , Arslan I.
Published: June 2014

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Risk Management by Organisms of the Phototoxicity of Chlorophylls
Authors: Kashiyama Yuichiro , Tamiaki Hitoshi
Published: June 2014

Review: [44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Therapeutic Potential of Leptin Receptor Modulators
Authors: Leggio Antonella , Catalano Stefania , De Marco Rosaria , Barone Ines , Ando Sebastiano , Liguori Angelo
Published: June 2014

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Matrices from Vegetable Oils, Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, and Other Relevant Systems for Biocomposite Applications
Authors: Quirino Rafael L. , Garrison Thomas F. , Kessler Michael R.
Published: June 2014

Review: 236 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Advances of the Structures and Catalytic Activities of Small‐Sized Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Li Yadong , Gao Yi
Published: June 2014

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allenes and Computational Chemistry: From Bonding Situations to Reaction Mechanisms
Authors: Soriano Elena , Fernandez Israel
Published: June 2014

Review: [378 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radiofrequency Microcoils for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy
Authors: Webb A. G.
Published: June 2014

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silk Structure Studied with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Asakura Tetsuo , Suzuki Yu , Nakazawa Yasumoto , Yazawa Koji , Holland Gregory P. , Yarger Jeffery L.
Published: June 2014

Review: 196 refs.
FNAB of benign thyroid nodules with papillary hyperplasia: A cytological and histological evaluation
Authors: Pusztaszeri Marc P. , Krane Jeffrey F. , Cibas Edmund S. , Daniels Gilbert , Faquin William C.
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUND

Benign thyroid nodules with papillary hyperplasia (BTN‐PH) are sometimes misinterpreted cytologically as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We evaluated a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) series of BTN‐PH to identify the causes of diagnostic error and to better define its cytologic criteria.

METHODS

A total of 48 FNAB cases of histologically confirmed BTN‐PHs from 44 patients were identified from our archives. The available cytological and histological slides were reviewed and scored for 10 cytomorphological features. Fifteen FNAB cases of classical PTC were also reviewed for comparison.

RESULTS

The FNAB diagnoses for the 48 BTN‐PHs were: benign, 18; suspicious for malignancy (S‐PTC), 12); atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS), 10; follicular neoplasm, 5; malignant (PTC), 2; and nondiagnostic, 1. The extent of PH in the corresponding histology was highest in FNAB cases diagnosed as S‐PTC/PTC versus all other categories (54% vs 27%; P = .0084). Papillary cytoarchitectural features were present in 53% of FNAB cases overall and in 89% of cases diagnosed as S‐PTC/PTC (P = .0093). Nuclei were smaller in FNABs of BTN‐PH compared with PTC (mean diameter/range, 8.2/6‐12 vs 14.2/7‐26 μm, respectively; P = .0001). Twenty‐six percent of BTN‐PHs contained cytoplasmic pigment. All FNAB cases diagnosed as S‐PTC/PTC had focal nuclear atypia including grooves (87.5%), enlargement and crowding (75%), and chromatin pallor and pseudoinclusions (25%); however, the extent of nuclear atypia was significantly less than in the control group of PTCs (P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS

BTN‐PH represents a significant pitfall in thyroid FNABs in which it can be misinterpreted as S‐PTC/PTC. Cytologic clues to this pitfall include limited and variable nuclear atypia, small nuclear size, and cytoplasmic pigment. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:666–677. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Experimental studies on realization of fractional inductors and fractional‐order bandpass filters
Authors: Tripathy Madhab Chandra , Mondal Debasmita , Biswas Karabi , Sen Siddhartha
Published: June 2014

This paper presents the hardware realization and performance study of fractional inductors of order 0 < α < 2. The fractional inductors used in this work have been realized with the help of general impedance converter circuit and fractional capacitors. Impedance characterization of fractional inductors with different exponents has been carried out experimentally. Also a generalized approach to design a fractional‐order bandpass filter is discussed in this work. The fractional‐order bandpass filter consists of a series combination of a resistor, a fractional inductor of order 1 < α < 2, and a fractional capacitor of order 0 < β < 1. The performance of fractional‐order bandpass filters has been studied and compared with corresponding integer‐order filters through both experimentation and simulation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of ultrasound‐assisted extraction on yield of flaxseed oil, β‐ and γ‐ tocopherols optimized by orthogonal array design
Authors: Omar Khamis Ali , Liu Ruijie , Wang Xingguo
Published: June 2014

Orthogonal array design (L9 (34)) was applied to optimize the flaxseed oil (FO) recovery, β‐ and γ‐tocopherols yields and total oxidation value (totox value) using ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE). The optimized results were then compared with the one extracted by Soxhlet extraction (S.E.) at 8 h. The results revealed that 80.05% FO can be recovered by extraction for 30 min, 30°C and 10:1 solvent/solid ratio by UAE compared to 100% recovery obtained by 8 h, 60°C and 20:1 solvent/liquid ratio by S.E. (taken as reference and standard extraction). β‐ and γ‐tocopherols yield was 40.39 mg/100 g oil at 30 min, 20°C and 10:1 solvent/liquid ratio by UAE compared to 56.37 mg/100 g oil by S.E. Totox value of FO by UAE was lower compared to S.E., which is a promising results for better quality and further processing of the oil. No significant differences were shown between the two extraction methods for fatty acids (p < 0.025). UAE is capable of reducing the financial cost of flaxseed oil extraction, saving time, energy and is also environmentally friendly since very little solvent is used compared to S.E.

Practical applications: Flaxseed oil is an unstable vegetable oil due to its high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are mainly composed of alpha linolenic acid (ALA). One effective way to ensure a high quality and low oxidation levels of lipids and lipid containing products is to use efficient and rapid method for the extraction.

(1) Flaxseed oil extraction by UAE and S.E. techniques. (2) Comparison of two extraction techniques on fatty acids modification, FO recovery, β‐ and γ‐tocopherols and Totox value (in relation with extraction time, temperature, and liquid/solid ratio).
Prague Metro
Authors: Cyroň David , Ivor Štefan , Hybský Petr , Rossler Karel
Published: June 2014

The Prague Metro is an inseparable economic and cultural part of city development in Prague, with its transport capacity and architectural styles. A look into the Metro history reveals the evolution of the early construction methods into today's modern tunnelling technologies. The description of the latest Metro Line A extension construction is concluded with an outline of future plans for Prague Metro expansion.
Construction challenges for urban tunnelling – The Copenhagen Metro Circle Line
Authors: Eskesen Søren Degn , Paulatto Enrico , Stubbs Jared
Published: June 2014

The Cityringen (The City Circle) project is the latest phase of the metro system in Copenhagen, Denmark. The phase comprises the construction of 17 new stations, three shafts, a control and maintenance centre and 16.5 km of twin‐tube tunnel excavated by four Earth Pressure Balance TBMs. The design and build contract was awarded in January 2011 and inauguration is planned for late 2018.

The geology in the project area includes 10 to 30 m of Quaternary sand, gravel and clay tills underlain by limestone, often containing benches of flint or other hard horizons. The stations and shafts are constructed with secant pile walls or diaphragm walls. Permeation grouting is undertaken for one cavern and grouting for the break‐in and break‐out of the TBMs.

Groundwater control is carried out by pumping from abstraction wells at the bottom of the deep excavation, treating the abstracted groundwater and recharging between 95 and 100 % of the groundwater.

A monitoring system consisting of a comprehensive database system has been adopted, where real time information from the TBMs and from buildings and structures adjacent to the works is collected. Movement is monitored by an extensive 3D monitoring system together with extensometers, inclinometers and piezometers.
Consolidation grouting using horizontal directional drilling technology in the Praga district of Warsaw prior to TBM tunnelling
Authors: Barbanti Marco , Bonanno Marco , Rigazio Andrea
Published: June 2014

The central section of the Warsaw 2nd Metro Line required preventive measures to protect buildings located in the Praga district above the tunnel alignment. The sections passing below buildings with EPB machines were certainly one of the most critical points. It was decided to carry out ground treatment in order to consolidate the subsoil around the tunnels. For this purpose grouting holes up to 261 m long were drilled by HDD following the tunnel path. Tunnelling did not affect the structures located above the ground, which always remained under close supervision with the use of specialist and multithreaded monitoring.