bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Correlation of Peer Social Support with Anxiety Levels of Students Working on Undergraduate Thesis at The Faculty of Nursing, University of Jember
Authors: Maharani Feno Aureola , Ikhtiarini Dewi Erti , Hadi Kurniyawan Enggal
Published: April 2022

One of the graduation requirements for students in obtaining a bachelor's degree is that making a scientific work which is called as thesis. In the process of writing a thesis, students often find various difficulties that can lead to negative feelings which if it is allowed to continue, it will cause psychological problems. This study analyzes the relationship between peer social support and anxiety levels of students who are writing thesis at the Faculty of Nursing, University of Jember. Furthermore, this study used an analytical correlational research design with a cross sectional approach. Meanwhile, respondents in this study were 113 college students who were writing thesis which were obtained by stratified random sampling technique. This study used a peer social support questionnaire and a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) anxiety level questionnaire which were conducted online via google form. In addition, bivariate analysis was conducted by using the Kendall tau correlation test (p=0.05). The results show that 51 students (45.1%) have very high peer social support while 38 students (33.6%) have mild anxiety. Furthermore, there is no significant relationship between peer social support and anxiety levels (p<0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.189. The most influential factors in the anxiety level of college students who are writing thesis are fear and nervousness. For further researchers, it is expected that they can identify the factors which cause anxiety in college students who are writing thesis and provide interventions in the form of nursing actions.
Study the topical effect of six days use of different lycopene doses on imiquimod-induce psoriasis-like skin inflammation in Mice
Authors: Mohammed Samer Shukur , Kadhim Haitham Mahmood , Al-Sudani Israa Mahdi , Musatafa Wael Waleed
Published: March 2022

Lycopene is a hydrocarbon phytochemical that is present in red vegetables and fruits, several studies reviewed the pharmacological properties of Lycopene across years ago and in different aspects including inflammation, cardiovascular disease, prostatic cancer and different dermatological complaints. Objective: we investigated the potential impact of two different doses of topical Lycopene and as add on therapy to Clobetasol on Psoriasis model that induced by Imiquimod in mice. Methods: This was accomplished by dividing 48 mice into six groups (8 mice per each group). All groups received Imiquimod for induction of Psoriasis (except Group I which is healthy group) across the experiment days. Group II (Induction group) received Petrolatum gel (Vaseline) for six days after 6 days induction period with Imiquimod. The rest groups III, IV,V,VI received Clobetasol propionate 0.05%, 0.125 mg/ml Lycopene, 0.25 mg/ml Lycopene and combination of 0.25 mg/ml Lycopene and 0.05% Clobetasol propionate ointments respectively once daily for six days after 6 days of induction period with Imiquimod.
Effect of career choice motivation and major satisfaction of college students in the department of health on career identity
Authors: Jaung Ae-Hwa , Moon Mi-young
Published: April 2022

To identify basic data for systematic guidance and education to establish a firm career identity by identifying the relationship between major satisfaction and career identity for college students in health department. This study measured major satisfaction, career choice motivation, and career identity for college students in the Department of Health at J University, and conducted frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe post-test, and Pearson correlation analysis using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. As a result of analysing the correlation between the subject's career satisfaction and career identity, there was a negative correlation. As a result of analysing the correlation between the subject's career satisfaction and career choice motivation, there was a negative correlation. As a result of analysing the correlation between career identity and career choice motivation, there was a negative correlation, in the group who experienced clinical practice and improved grades, major satisfaction was high and career identity was low. Therefore, the need for educational support and programs to increase career satisfaction is required.
Evolutionary Transition Markers and the Origins of Consciousness
Authors: Halina Marta , Harrison David , Klein Colin
Published: March 2022

Unlimited associative learning (UAL) has recently been advanced as an epistemic marker for the evolutionary origin of consciousness. One feature of this approach is that it eschews theoretical commitments concerning the mechanisms responsible for consciousness. We argue that the plausibility
of the UAL framework depends on making such theoretical commitments. Without such commitments, the UAL framework remains silent regarding important edge cases and fails to distinguish between clusters and clutters of properties sufficient for consciousness. We conclude that the UAL framework
would benefit from returning to earlier theory-heavy approaches — i.e.those that make substantial commitments to the mechanisms responsible for consciousness.
Animal Consciousness: The Interplay of Neural and Behavioural Evidence
Authors: Crump Andrew , Birch Jonathan
Published: March 2022

We consider the relationship between neural and behavioural evidence for animal consciousness. We critically examine two recent studies: one neural and one behavioural. The first, on crows, finds different neural activity depending on whether a stimulus is reported as seen or unseen.
However, to implicate this neural activity in consciousness, we must assume that a specific conditioned behaviour is a report of conscious experience. The second study, on macaques, records behaviours strikingly similar to patterns of conscious and unconscious perception in humans. However,
confounds are only ruled out in human subjects, presupposing substantial neural similarity between humans and macaques. Taken together, the two studies reveal a sense in which neural and behavioural research rely on each other. Looking ahead, these two types of evidence could prove to be either
mutually reinforcing or mutually undermining. The science of animal consciousness needs both neural and behavioural evidence, ideally obtained as part of a single coordinated programme.
Intervenciones comunitarias: Una forma de educación no formal
Authors: Abaunza Flores Julio Cesar , Castilla Karla Patricia
Published: March 2022

Intervenciones comunitarias: Una forma de educación no formal. Proyecto Desarrollo socio-comunitario, mejora de la calidad de vida y prevención de riesgos sociales en los barrios más vulnerables de (Juigalpa Nicaragua). Intervención SocioComunitaria en Barrio 30 de mayo. IV Fase.

El Observatorio de la Calidad de Vida, inició en el año 2009, como una experiencia de cooperación internacional financiada por el Excelentísimo Ayuntamiento de dos Hermanas de Sevilla, España y por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Managua; su propósito es promover la educación para la prevención de Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual, VIH-SIDA, luchar contra las adicciones, promover hábitos de vida saludables e incentivar las medidas de seguridad laboral. Todo esto a través de charlas, seminarios, talleres y otras acciones concebidas para educar en estas temáticas.

La última edición de este proyecto se ejecutó en el Barrio 30 de mayo, Che Guevara y Pedro Joaquín Chamorro, entre otros y ha beneficiado a sectores específicos de la sociedad como niños y adolescentes en situación de riesgo en Juigalpa, Chontales, a través de acciones comunitarias en unión de diferentes actores sociales para contribuir al cumplimiento de los retos del milenio y la misión de la Universidad en sus políticas de extensión universitaria.

Los principales beneficiarios son: adolescentes, niños, jóvenes y ciudadanos de la población económicamente activa en estado vulnerable. Sus principales ejes de acción son: la formación de escuelas- talleres para mitigar los riesgos sociales de los niños, adolescentes y jóvenes, así como mejorar de las condiciones de salud de la población beneficiada e incidir en las prácticas de alimentación saludable por medio de huertos escolares y la mejora de la merienda escolar. Todo esto con un enfoque de educación no formal.
Echeveria (Crassulaceae): Potencial para la mejora genética como ornamental
Authors: Zúñiga Orozco Andrés , Carrodeguas González Ayerin
Published: April 2022

El género Echeveria agrupa varias especies de plantas suculentas presentes en ambientes diversos, se encuentran en hábitats con suelos rocosos de poca profundidad, pendientes pronunciadas, cañones y rocas. Prácticamente todas las especies del género presentan interés económico, como plantas ornamentales, siendo comunes en colecciones de Crassulaceae. Los ejemplares que se encuentran en las colecciones son especies e híbridos del tipo interespecíficos e intergenéricos; sin embargo, aún se encuentran muchos sin identificar. Existen dificultades en la taxonomía del género por la falta de ejemplares en herbarios y por la ausencia de estudios moleculares, los cuales podrían brindar información valiosa tanto para la taxonomía como para estudios citogenéticos y otros de interés en el mejoramiento genético para su aprovechamiento comercial. En esta revisión hacemos una recopilación de información de lo que se conoce para el género en cuanto a cariotipado, diversidad genética, relaciones filogénicas y taxonomía, morfología floral, biología reproductiva, polinización, fitomejoramiento y aplicaciones biotecnológicas y moleculares; lo anterior enfocado en brindar perspectivas futuras para la mejora genética de Crassulaceae. En Echeveria sería de gran importancia la realización de estudios moleculares con el fin de ampliar la información actual sobre taxonomía del género y la aplicación de técnicas biotecnológicas que apoyen programas de mejora genética.
The effect of discharge training on quality of life, self-efficacy and reintegration to normal living in stroke patients and their informal caregivers: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Baykal Dilek , Tülek Zeliha
Published: March 2022

Background & Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of discharge training on quality of life and self-efficacy in stroke patients and their informal caregivers; and reintegration to normal living in patients only.
Methods: In this randomized, controlled trial, 59 patients and their caregivers were randomly allocated to receive discharge with education (via a webpage or booklet) or a standard of care discharge without intervention (i.e. an additional training). The 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were applied to patients and caregivers and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI) were applied to patients only, before discharge and 3 months after discharge.
Results: It was found that, although the quality of life improved by the trainings in the patient intervention groups, compared with the control group (p<0.05); there was no change in self-efficacy parameter (p>0.05). Both self-efficacy and quality of life of the caregivers improved or maintained by the interventions, compared with the controls (p<0.05). In general, there was no significant difference between training methods (webpage versus booklet) (p>0.05). Lastly, the impact of discharge trainings on reintegration to normal living which was assessed in the patients only, was found to be limited.
Conclusion: Although discharge training improved the quality of life in both patients and informal caregivers, its effect on self-efficacy in both populations and reintegration to normal living in patients was found to be limited.
Alternativas vocálicas en el presente de los verbos en "-ir". Un análisis desde la morfología autónoma
Authors: O'Neill Paul
Published: April 2022

En este trabajo se examina el desarrollo histórico de las alternancias vocálicas en el presente de los verbos en -ir. El desafío diacrónico que plantean estas alternancias consiste en explicar los diferentes tipos de vocales radicales y su distribución paradigmática en función de sus étimos latinos. Tras una evaluación de las explicaciones previas se observa que todas encuentran al menos uno de los siguientes problemas: a) proponen cambios fonéticos controvertidos y poco documentados; b) se basan en efectos analógicos que se pueden considerar anormales y que parecen estar motivados de un modo puramente retrospectivo y ad hoc; c) recurren a justificaciones contradictorias y que se aplican solo a un subgrupo de verbos delimitado de modo arbitrario. En este trabajo se propone un análisis alternativo de las alternancias vocálicas basado en el reconocimiento de estructuras morfológicas autónomas en el paradigma verbal (cf. Aronoff 1994, Maiden 2004). Estas estructuras morfológicas o "morfomas” exhiben un tipo particular de analogía, denominado nivelación o coherencia morfomática, por la cual en un grupo determinado de verbos las formas flexivas que ocupan las casillas adjudicadas a un morfoma acaban asemejándose fonológicamente. Se presentan pruebas de otras lenguas románicas en favor de un morfoma en concreto, de gran importancia en español: el morfoma del patrón-N. El reconocimiento de este morfoma facilita una explicación más convincente para el desarrollo de las alternancias vocálicas del español.
El origen del segmento nasal implosivo en "biombo"
Authors: Fernández Mata Rafael
Published: April 2022

Tres importantes obras lexicográficas del español actual (el DUE, el DClave y el DRAE 2014) indican en sus descriptores etimológicos que la voz "biombo” pasó al español a través de la lengua portuguesa. Sin embargo, como trataremos de demostrar en este articulo, existen pruebas cronológicas y fonológicas de peso para pensar que la aparición de la nasal implosiva no se gestó dentro de la lengua portuguesa y que, por tanto, esta no actuó como intermediaria entre el japonés y la lengua española.
The Neutrosophic Treatment of the Static Model for the Inventory Management with Safety Reserve
Authors:   Faculty of Informatics Engineering, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria, Jdid Maissam ,   Department of Mathematical Statistics, Faculty of Science, AL Baath University, Homs, Syria,   Administrative Assistant for the President of Telafer University, Telafer, Iraq.,   Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt, Alhabib Rafif , Khalid Huda E. , Salama A. A.
Published: March 2022

Institutions must store materials to ensure the continuity of their activity and to avoid incurring big losses as a result of the storage process, various models have been studied that cover all scenarios in which stock insurance is required to allow institutions to continue operating while avoiding losses. The static model with safety reserve is one of these models, and it is used in emergency and ambulance circumstances to transport medicines, food, and fuel, etc. Those in charge of any project must estimate the quantities that will need to be stored in order to ensure that the necessary materials are available and that storage costs are minimized. As a result, a mathematical model has been developed that expresses the circumstance in which a safety reserve is necessary to meet market material demand, and the optimal answer for this model is the required solution. This model is treated in classical logic by adding the amount of the safety reserve to the ideal quantity determined through the static model without a deficit, and this quantity is a fixed amount during each storage cycle over time, which does not correspond to reality and ignores cases of fluctuations demand in the rate of demand for inventory .In this study, three scenarios were used to construct a study for the static stock model with safety reserves and for one substance utilizing neutrosophic theory through three different cases. The First Case: Using the optimal amount of stock that determined by studying the static model with a deficit using neutrosophic logic , while assuming the safety reserve as a vague value, either or . The Second Case: Taking the ideal value of stock that was previously determined by studying the static model with deficient using neutrosophic logic , wherein regard the safety reserve as constant value. The third Case: Taking the optimal value of stock that determined by studying the static model with deficient using classical logic, and assuming the safety reserve as a vague value, either or . In other words, we approached the problem using neutrosophic tools, which accounts for all possible scenarios that may arise throughout the course of the job, yields more accurate results, and so ensures a safe working environment for the facilities at the lowest possible cost.
Rainfall runoff modeling using MIKE 11 NAM of Jhelum river of Kashmir Valley, India
Authors: Kumar Rohitashw , Huda MirBintul , Maryam MUnjeed , Lone MA
Published: March 2022

This research examines the performance, efficiency, and applicability of the NAM (Nedbor Afstromnings Model) in the Ram Munshi Bagh Catchment in Srinagar, India. NAM is a rainfall-runoff model that is deterministic, lumped, and conceptual. The model was evaluated for the year 2006-2013 for the Ram Munshi Bagh Catchment (Jhelum river) in terms of reproducing the basin's hydrological response to rainfall and accurately predicting daily runoff. The model was calibrated for the years 2006-2009 and validated for the year 2010-2013. The maximum discharge during the simulation period was found to be 746.745 m3/s. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) was 0.907, the Coefficient of Determination (R2) was 0.954, and the volume difference (Dv percent) was 17.8 for the calibration period, using MIKE 11 statistical analysis. For validation year of 2010-2013, the obtained NSE was 0.963, the R2 obtained was 0.892 and Dv (%) obtained was 13. The applicability of the model for runoff prediction for Jhelum river was demonstrated, which may be applied to basin-scale integrated water resource management and production. As a result, the model can be successfully utilized for hydrological simulations in temperate catchments in order to plan and manage water resources effectively.
Cyanide content, nutritional quality, and sensory acceptance of raw and cooked lima bean grain varieties
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Nascimento Ricardo de Sousa , Silva Silvanda de Melo ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Silva Mariany Cruz Alves da ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Lima Renato Pereira ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Sousa Alex Sandro Bezerra de ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Dantas Renato Lima ,   Faculdade Nova Esperança, Melo Jardel de Mesquita ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Santos Kagiaany Meirele ,   Universidade Federal da Paraíba
Published: March 2022

The Phaseolus lunatus L. (lima bean) is a species of the Fabaceae family widely cultivated in the Northeast region of Brazil and is an important source of nutrients for the population. The lima bean has high genetic variability, which results in many cultivated varieties. However, there is little information about the cyanide levels, nutritional quality and sensory acceptance of these varieties, as well as about the changes caused by the cooking process, especially with regard to free cyanide contents. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the cyanide contents, nutritional quality and sensory attributes of lima bean varieties. Potential and free cyanide levels, quality attributes and a Qualitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) were evaluated in raw and cooked grains. The study was carried out in a completely randomized design, with five lima bean varieties (Orelha de Vó, Branca, Roxinha, Rosinha, and Cearense), in 4 replications. Relatively to the raw ones, cooked grains presented larger size and smaller contents of ash, proteins, carbohydrates, potential cyanide and free cyanide, in the studied varieties. The Orelha de Vó lima bean showed higher mass of raw and higher firmness of cooked grains, which was judged to have the bitterest flavor among the others but showed safe levels of free cyanide after cooking. When cooked, Branca lima bean had a greater intention of purchase and global acceptance, due to its greater intensity of characteristic aroma and lower residual bitter taste.
Revenge Porn: A Critical Content Analysis of the Nation’s Laws and Reflection upon Social Science Research
Authors: Fallik Seth , Stone Erika , Victory Danielle , Markevitch Taylor , Salvo Rolando , Mallalieu Alexis
Published: April 2022

Though revenge porn is a relatively new phenomenon in popular culture, the first instance can be dated back as early as the 1950s. Despite its nearly 70-year existence, very little is known about this crime or how it is expressed in criminal justice legislation. To further examine the former, the present study analyzes the legislation surrounding revenge porn and reflects upon the scant social science research through a content analysis of the nation’s state statutes. Though innovative revenge porn laws were observed, much of this legislation appeared inconsistent with how this crime is perpetrated and is best described as vague and medley. In light of these observations, policy implications and areas of future research are discussed.
Swiss Rules of International Arbitration – Time to Introduce an Emergency Arbitrator Procedure?
Authors: Boog Christopher
Published: April 2022

In recent years, a number of institutions providing services for international arbitration have introduced special rules for pre-arbitral interim relief. This article demonstrates that it might be time to introduce an emergency arbitrator procedure to the Swiss Rules and provides some preliminary thoughts on the topic.
The Singapore International Commercial Court (SICC)  an Alternative to International Arbitration?
Authors: Landbrecht Johannes
Published: April 2022

The SICC, a division of the Singapore High Court, opened its doors about a year ago. This new state court is the latest addition to Singapore’s comprehensive strategy for providing dispute resolution services.

To sum it up in one sentence, the SICC will have a familiar ring to users of English Commercial Court litigation, as the English Commercial Court and its transnational success provided a model and an inspiration for the architects of the SICC structure.

The SICC’s rules on jurisdiction and procedure follow well-known patterns of many common law systems. However, and notwithstanding its common law origin, the SICC is also set up to cater to the specific needs and expectations of civil law users and practitioners, and in particular in a transnational and mixed legal context.

The SICC was established to complement, not to replace, Singapore’s arbitration landscape. The SICC should therefore be welcomed as an interesting additional option for dispute resolution in the region, although it might not, for most European users, be an alternative to international arbitration.
Important Role of Micronutrients: An updated Review
Authors: Hassan Syeda Mona , Rafique Shagufta , Mehboob Tanzeela , Syed Khurram Hassan Syed Khurram Hassan , Asif Ibrahim Asif Ibrahim , Hassan Huma , Majeed Abdul , Naureen Naeem Naureen Naeem
Published: March 2022

Micronutrients play an important role in living organism and are essential for the growth. They take part in enzymatic processes and metabolic activities. Thus micronutrients help in the development and are required in appreciate amount of fulfill the needs of the biological systems. The review covers few important elements which can be defined as micronutrients like boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chlorine (Cl) and the harmful effects of their deficiency on living systems.
الازدهار النفسي لدى الطالبات الجامعيات الممارسات وغير الممارسات للرياضة
Authors: اخلاص عبدالحميد محمد  , ساهرة رزاق كاظم
Published: March 2022

يهدف البحث الى دراسة  الازدهار النفسي لدى الطالبات الجامعيات في ظل الظروف التي يمر بها القطر العراقي, وللتعرف على مستوى ابعاد والمجموع العام للازدهار النفسي بين طالبات التربية البدنية وعلوم الرياضة وبعض طالبات الكليات الاخرى , حيث تم تبني مقياس الازدهار النفسي  لعمار عبد الامير الزويني وكان يضم ( 60) فقرة موزعة على خمسة ابعاد وهي البعد الاول المشاعر الايجابية والبعد الثاني الاندماج النفسي والبعد الثالث معنى الحياة والبعد الرابع العلاقات الايجابية والبعد الخامس الانجاز  وقد قامت الباحثتان باستخراج الاسس العلمية للمقياس وبعد اثبات صلاحية المقياس تم توزيعه على (80) طالبة من طالبات المرحلة الثالثة في جامعة بغداد للعام الدراسي 2021 وبعد تحليل البيانات احصائيا توصلت الباحثتان بوجود مستوى جيد لإبعاد والمجموع العام لطالبات الجامعيات مع تفوق الطالبات الممارسات للرياضة على الطالبات الغير ممارسات للرياضة في الابعاد والمجموع العام لمقياس الازدهار النفسي
Türkiye’deki Akademisyenlerin Sendikal Bağlılık Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: KAZAR Esra Nur , TOSUN Fatma
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmanın konusu devlet üniversitelerinde çalışan akademisyenlerin sendikal bağlılık düzeylerinin demografik veriler bağlamında araştırılmasıdır. Akademisyenlerin sendikal bağlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan tarama yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak ise anket kullanılmıştır. Anket, demografik sorulardan ve Gordon vd. (1982) tarafından hazırlanan sendikal bağlılık ölçeği olmak üzere toplam iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama süreci sonucunda 416 sendikalı akademisyenden elde edilen anket verileri değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırmada akademisyenlerin cinsiyet, sendikal kıdem, akademik kıdem ve akademik unvanları ile sendikal bağlılık arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Elde edilen verilerin analiz kısmında, güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizi, faktör analizi, t testi ve ANOVA testi uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, akademisyenlerin sendikal bağlılık düzeylerinin ortalaması 1,76±0,86 olarak bulunmuştur. Cinsiyet, akademik kıdem ve akademik unvan ile sendikal bağlılık arasında istatiksel açıdan anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Ancak sendikal kıdem ile sendikal bağlılığın alt boyutlarından olan sendikal sadakat, sendikal sorumluluk ve sendikal çaba arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Sendikal kıdem arttıkça, akademisyenlerin sendikal sadakat, sendikal sorumluluk ve sendikal çaba düzeylerinin düştüğü sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
K odrazu premien súčasnej európskej spoločnosti v živote kresťana
Authors:   Vysoká škola Danubius, Fakulta práva Janka Jesenského, Králik Jozef , Králiková Kristína ,   Akadémia Policajného zboru v Bratislave
Published: March 2022

The majority population of the Slovak Republic professes Christianity. It has been a part of the Slovak statehood and society since the existence of Nitra Principality to the present. The Christianity accompanied the Slovaks through the Great Moravian Empire, the Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire, Czechoslovakia. However, the qualitative parameters of the clergy and finally the position of Christians are changing more and more in the current Slovak society integrated into the European Union. Especially under the pressure of the aggressively promoting so-called liberalism. This raises the question of whether it is better to prioritize the authoritarian and Christian-based functioning of the state or to favor a liberal-democratic constitution with a growing dictatorship that tends to have full control over European nations and resigns in the interests of European civilization. The ideology of Islam thus stealthily creeps into the Christian states of Europe. Convergent to this state, we drafted the text of the paper. Based on an analysis of the current state of European society, the contribution concludes with the hypothesis that changes in contemporary European society have a significant impact on the lives of Christians in the Slovak Republic and in the European Union.
Monoterpenes in Plants- a mini review
Authors: Chern Lee Yuan , Shukor M.Y. , Muse Radzali
Published: April 2022

Monoterpenes are abundant chemicals in plants that are formed by a multitude of enzymes and present a challenge both in identification and understanding the synthetic enzymes involves in their formation and fate. They are especially abundant in fragrance-producing plants. The enyme that produce them are numerous but several key enzymes have been identified and are discussed in this short review.
Modelling the Growth Inhibition Kinetics of Pseudomonas sp. strain DrYJ7 on Acrylamide
Authors: Syed Mohd Arif , Shamaan Nor Aripin , MacCormack W.P. , Shukor Mohd Yunus
Published: April 2022

The bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain DrYJ7 is an efficient acrylamide-degrader and is able to tolerate high concentrations of acrylamide. A primary modelling exercise for the growth of this bacterium on acrylamide yields important specific growth rates which were utilized successfully for secondary modelling exercise which gave Luong as the best model. The statistical analysis and accuracy of the all six kinetic models used indicated that Luong was the best model with small values for RMSE and AICc, uppermost adjusted R2 values, F-test and with Bias Factor and Accuracy Factor nearest to unity (1.0). The Luongâ€™s constants; maximal growth rate, half-saturation constant for maximal growth, maximal concentration of substrate tolerated and curve parameter that defines the steepness of the growth rate decline from the maximum rate symbolized by ï­max, Ks, Sm, and n (Â± standard error) were 0.66 per day (95% C.I., 0.51 to 0.82), 18.29 mg/L (95% C.I., -17.51 to 54.10), 5198 mg/L (95% C.I., 4642 to 5755) and 1.37 (95% C.I., 0.54 to 2.21), respectively. The Luong model predicted the limit, upon which bioremediation of acrylamide will cease.
Biosurfactant Production by Bacteria Isolated from Hydrocarbon-impacted soil
Authors: Ismail H.Y. , Isa T. , Ngoshe I.Y. , Gajere H.M.
Published: April 2022

Advancement in biotechnology and its industrial application has led to increased demand for biological compounds of microbial origin. Such compounds are biosurfactant and their application in different sectors is increasing despite some challenges. In the present study, the ability of bacterial species growing in hydrocarbon impacted soil to produce biosurfactants was investigated with a view to isolate competent biosurfactant producers with desirable qualities for a large scale biosurfactant production. Soil samples contaminated with different kinds of hydrocarbon were collected from Mechanic workshop (MW) and Mai-kose (MK) area in Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria. Soil samples were cultured on nutrient agar and mineral salt agar by pour plate technique for enumeration of viable bacteria and isolation of oil utilising bacteria respectively. Samples from MW were observed to harbour fewer bacteria than MK area with 7.3 Ã—107 CFU/g and 4.0Ã—108 CFU/g respectively. Fifteen bacterial species were isolated and identified to belong to the genus Pseudomonas using cultural, morphological and biochemical characteristics. The species were P. aeruginosa, P. citronellolis and P. mendocina with 66.7%, 26.6% and 6.6% rate of occurrence. A preliminary investigation for the isolatesâ€™ ability to produce biosurfactants using haemolysis and hydrocarbon degradation tests revealed that all the isolates were haemolytic on blood agar and can utilise vegetable oil at different magnitudes. Biosurfactant assay using broth culture supernatants showed that all the isolates were able to produce surfactants that collapsed oil drop within the interval of 10-20 min and Pseudomonas citronellolis WB4 was most efficient in this respect (t = 10 min). With regards to oil spreading assay, P. aeruginosa KB1 produced largest diameter (d) of 4.21 cm after 15 min compared to other species (dav. = 3.44cm average tav. = 13 min). After 24 hrs of emulsion formation, it was observed that P. aeruginosa WB5 (E24 = 70.45%) and P. citronellolis WB4 (E24 = 70.35%) have the highest emulsification indexes (range 70.45% - 43.75%). Therefore, all isolates in this study were biosurfactant producers with P. citronellolis WB4 being the most suitable candidate for large-scale biosurfactant production. Hence, further studies are recommended to harness its full potentials.
Microbiological and Physicochemical Analysis of Old Sokoto Abattoir Wastewater (Sewage) Contaminated with Blacksmith Activities
Authors: Dankaka S.M. , Farouq A.A. , Bagega A.I. , Abubakar U.
Published: April 2022

The physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of wastewater samples from Old Sokoto Abattoir in Sokoto North Local Government Area, Sokoto state, Nigeria were studied over four weeks period. The physicochemical parameters of the wastewater samples studied namely pH, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DfO), phosphate, nitrate, and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were within the standard limit for wastewater to be discharged into the environment. Heavy metals like nickel, copper, and lead were not detected (ND) except for iron with a concentration range from 0-0.64 mg/L. Wastewater samples for week 1 had a higher bacterial count of 270x105 CFU/mL than wastewater samples for the other weeks. The total viable count for all the samples exceeded the limit of 1x102 CFU/mL, which was between 4.1x105 â€“ 27.0x105. All the wastewater samples were found to harbour coliform organisms in numbers greater than the required WHO standard (1x102 CFU/mL) for water. The MPN count of wastewater was ranged from 190-1100 MPN/100 mL. The bacterial species isolated were E. coli (33.3%), E. aerogenes (20%), S. aureus (6.66%), K. pneumoniae (6.66%), Proteus vulgaris (13.3%), Citrobater freundii (6.66%), Bacillus licheniformis (6.66%), and Bacillus spp. The fungal isolates were Mucor spp (12.5%), Aspergillus niger (37.5%), Aspergillus terreus (12.5%), Sporothrix schenkii (12.5%), Rhodotorula spp. (12.5%), and Penicillium spp. (12.5%). This study showed that the isolation and population of microorganisms from wastewater in Old Sokoto Abattoir is an indication that the wastewater was highly polluted with microbial load and can cause an environmental hazard if not treated.
Isolation and Characterization of a Molybdenum-reducing and Carbamate-degrading Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain Neni-9 in soils from West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Rusnam . , Gusmanizar Neni
Published: April 2022

The isolation of a molybdenum-reducing bacterium with the capacity to grow on the insecticides carbaryl and carbofuran is reported. Characterization of the bacterium was carried out using resting cells in a microtiter plate. The bacterium reduced molybdenum to molybdenum blue optimally between pH 6.3 and 6.5, between 30 and 37 oC, between 5.0 and 7.5 mM phosphate, and between 20 and 30 mM sodium molybdate. Molybdenum reduction was inhibited by silver, copper, mercury and chromium at 2 ppm by 67.6, 58.4, 57.3 and 17.4%, respectively. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain Neni-9. Growth on carbaryl and carbofuran modelled according to the modified Gompertz model gave maximum specific growth rates of 1.194 h-1 and 0.913 h-1, for carbaryl and carbofuran, respectively, while the lag periods of 1.67 h and 2.63 h were observed for carbaryl and carbofuran, respectively. This is a novel molybdenum reducing bacterium showing pesticide-degrading capacity.
Update Of Mercury In Fish With A Focus On Its Current Status In Malaysia
Authors: Sulaiman Mohd Rosni
Published: April 2022

Mercury poisoning is a serious threat to humans, and hence it is important to always keep up to date with current mercury levels in fish to avoid excessive accumulation of mercury. this mini review summarizes available data in the literature (2009â€“2013) on mercury contamination in fish with a focus on its current status in malaysia. issues on mercury in fish such as its determination and quantification, occurrence and toxicity are also discussedin this review. fish and seafood are abundant in malaysia and consumption of fish and seafood is widespread throughout the country. fish and fish products should be monitored from time to time to ensure that it is safe for human consumption. high risk groups like pregnant women and young children should avoid consuming fishes with known high level of mercury as they are more vulnerable and susceptible to mercury toxicity. Â
Statistical Evaluation of the Mathematical Modelling on the Molybdenum Reduction Kinetics of a Molybdenum-reducing Bacterium
Authors: S. Shukor M. , Shukor Mohd Yunus Abd
Published: April 2022

Molybdenum is a global pollutant that has been increasingly found to be toxic tospermatogenesis in several animal model studies. Thus its removal and the studies of its reduction kinetics for removal are very important. In a previous study (1), three kinetic models; i.e. Haldane, Luong and Monod were evaluated to study the reduction kinetics of the molybdenum-reducing bacterium Bacillus sp. strain A.rzi. We revisited the model used in this bacterium and extend the study by incorporating more reduction kinetics models such as Hans- Levenspiel, Yano, Aiba, Webb, Hinshelwood and Teissier. We then evaluated the accuracy of the fitted model using statistical analysis. The best model was Han Levenspiel instead of Luong as proposed previously with the majority of the statistical evaluation such as the lowest values for RMSE, the highest adjusted R2 values and with Bias Factor and Accuracy Factor nearest to unity (1.0) indicated that the model was the best. The calculated values for the Han-Levenspiel constants qmax (the maximum specific substrate reduction rate (hâˆ’1), Sm (the critical inhibitor concentration (mM) above which reactions stops), Ks (concentration of substrate giving half maximal reduction rate (mM) and the empirical constants m and n (both dimensionless) were 3.832, 106.16, 48.19, -1.271 and 1.001, respectively. The true qmax value where the gradient forthe slope is zero was 1.107 h-1 at 38 mM molybdate as a substrate. The results indicate that the exhaustive use of mathematical models provides new understanding of the way molybdenum inhibits production into molybdenum blue in bacterium. This can provide new knowledge on ways to predict progress of molybdenum reduction in the laboratory and during bioremediation works.
Evaluation of several mathematical models for fitting the growth of sludge microbes on PEG 600
Authors: Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi , Shukor Mohd Shukri , Masdor Noor Azlina , Shamaan Nor Aripin , Shukor Mohd Yunus
Published: April 2022

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are employed in numerous sectors. PEGs are nephrotoxic and their biodegradation by microbes could be a potential tool for bioremediation. Numerous bacterial growth studies neglect primary modelling even though modelling exercises can reveal important parameters. In this work we modelled the growth of the sludge microbes on PEG 600 based on available published work in the literature using several growth models such as modified logistic, modified Gompertz, modified Richards, modified Schnute, Baranyi-Roberts, Von Bertalanffy, Huang and the Buchanan  three-phase linear model. Statistical analysis results indicated that the modified Gompertz model was the best with highest adjusted R2, lowest RMSE and AICc values and Bias and Accuracy Factor values closest to unity. The results from this work can be used in the further optimization works of this process in the future.
Test of randomness of residuals for the modified Gompertz model used in the fitting the growth of sludge microbes on PEG 600
Authors: Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi , Shukor Mohd Shukri , Masdor Noor Azlina , Shamaan Nor Aripin , Shukor Mohd Yunus
Published: April 2022

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are employed in numerous sectors. PEGs are nephrotoxic and their biodegradation by microbes could be a potential tool for bioremediation. Numerous bacterial growth studies neglect primary modelling even though modelling exercises can reveal important parameters. Previously, we have utilized several growth models to model the growth of sludge microbes on PEG 600. We discovered that the modified Gompertz model via nonlinear regression utilizing the least square method was the best model to describe the growth curve. Nonlinear regression using the least square method normally uses the assumption that data points do not depend on each other or the value of a data point is not dependent on the value of preceding or proceeding data points or do not exhibit autocorrelation. In this work, the Durbinâ€“Watson statistic for the presence of autocorrelation in the growth model was carried out.
Isolation and Characterization of Molybdate-reducing Enterobacter cloacae from Agricultural Soil in Gwale LGA Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Kabir Z.M. , Gafasa M.A. , Kabara H.T. , Ibrahim S.S. , Babandi A. , Yaâ€™u, M. , Shehu D. , Abubakar S.M. , Babagana K. , Mashi J.A. , Yakasai H.M.
Published: April 2022

Agricultural and industrial activities contribute most to the pollutants found globally; therefore, bioremediation of these pollutants is intensely sought. This research isolated a molybdenum-reducing bacterium from agricultural soil. The bacterium grown in low phosphate media (LPM) reduces molybadate to Mo-blue optimally at pH between 6.5 and 7.0, temperature between 35 and 40 Â°C, glucose at 5 g/L and glycine at 3 g/L were the best electron donor and nitrogen sources, respectively. The optimum molybdate concentration is between 80 and 100 mM, and phosphate concentration was between 5.0 and 7.5 mM. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA partial sequencing identified the bacterium as Enterobacter cloacae. The capacity of this bacterium to reduce toxic molybdenum to less toxic colloidal molybdenum blue is novel and form the basis for its use in future bioremediation of this pollutant.
Isolation and Characterization of a Molybdenum-reducing and Coumaphos-degrading Bacillus sp. strain Neni-12 in soils from West Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Rusnam . , Gusmanizar Neni
Published: April 2022

The inappropriate removal, manufacturing and prospecting actions and unnecessary use of agricultural chemical compounds have triggered an international issue. Eliminating these kinds of contaminants by means of bioremediation is a less expensive approach in the long term notably at low concentrations, in which various other approaches for instance physical or chemical approaches is probably not useful. In this work we screen the ability of a molybdenum-reducing bacterium isolated from polluted soil to make use of pesticides as electron donor sources for assisting reduction and as carbon sources for growth. The bacterium was not able to use pesticides as electron donors, nonetheless, the bacterium can grow on coumaphos separate from molybdenum reduction. Optimum conditions for Mo-blue production were at pH 6.3 and between 25 and 37 oC, glucose as electron donor, phosphate at 5.0 mM and sodium molybdate between 15 and 20 mM. Reduction was inhibited by Hg, Ag and Cr at 2 ppm by 91.9, 82.7 and 17.4 %, respectively. Biochemical analysis tentatively and partially identified the bacterium as Bacillus sp. strain Neni-12. This is a novel Mo-reducing bacterium with coumaphos degrading capability.
The occurrence and analysis of bisphenol A (BPA) in environmental samples â€“ a review
Authors: Ghazali Farhana Mohamed , Johari Wan Lutfi Wan
Published: April 2022

This review paper briefly explains the meaning and characteristics of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). EDCs comprise various types of natural and synthetic chemical compounds that can impede the reproductive action of the endocrine system in animals and humans. Further discussion is on bisphenol A (BPA), one of the examples of EDCs that is extensively used in industries nowadays. It acts as a monomer, which is desired in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. BPA later ends up in environmental compartments (air, water, sediment). In spite of this, BPA is not categorized as a persistent compound and it will be degraded either by photolysis or bacteria. It can only exist between three and five days in the environment. The concentration of BPA varies in different locations depending on the temperature, pH, source and time of sampling. BPA has been frequently debated due to its toxicity and carcinogenicity towards animals and humans. This paper also explains several extraction procedures and analytical methods concerning how to identify BPA in either aqueous or solid samples. However, an additional review is needed in respect of how to handle, reduce the level of BPA in the environment and understand the details concerning the existence of BPA
Modelling the effect of picloram on the growth kinetics of cell suspension cultures of Ficus deltoidea L.
Authors: Ling Anna Pick Kiong , Halmi Mohd Izuan Effendi , Hussein Sobri , Ong S. L.
Published: April 2022

Ficus deltoidea (or commonly known as mistletoe fig) in various parts of the world mainly serves as an ornamental shrub or houseplant and found native mainly in Asia tropical region, for example, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand. Studies on the effect of plant growth regulators on cells production from this plant is important as optimization of cells production can lead to efficient production of secondary products characterization and production. An important aspect of the sigmoidal cells growth curve is the growth parameters. In this work, we model the effect of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) on the growth kinetics of the cell suspension cultures of Ficus deltoidea according to the modified Gompertz model. The adjusted coefficient of determination showed good agreement between experimental and predicted data with values ranging from 0.97-0.99. Parameters obtained from the fitting exercise were maximum cells growth rate (mm), lag time (l) and maximal cells production (Ymax). The results showed that picloram at concentrations of 3 mg/L and above were optimal for giving the highest cells growth rate measured as PCV (packed cell volume). The parameter growth rate obtained from the modelling exercise will be helpful for additional secondary modelling implicating the consequence of media conditions as well as other factors on the effect of picloram on the growth rate of cell suspension from this plant.
Kojic acid esters: Comparative review on its methods of synthesis
Authors: Ishak Nurazwa , Lajis Ahmad Firdaus B. , Mohamad Rosfarizan , Ariff Arbakariya B. , Halim Murni , Wasoh Helmi
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the syntheses of kojic acid esters via chemical and enzymatic methods are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of chemical process in term of process, safety and efficiency are discussed. In enzymatic process, the significant process parameters related to the synthesis of kojic acid esters such as the lipases, solvent, temperature and water content are highlighted. Possible enzymatic synthesis using solvent and solvent-free system taking into consideration of the difference in these systems involving cost, lipase reusability and efficiency is comparatively reviewed. The possible approach for large scale production using various enzyme reactor designs is also discussed and re-evaluated.
Pantoea sp. strain HMY-P4 Reduced Toxic Hexavalent Molybdenum to Insoluble Molybdenum Blue
Authors: Idris D. , Gafasa M.A. , Ibrahim S.S. , Babandi A. , Shehu D. , Ya'u M. , Babagana K. , Mashi J.A. , Yakasai H.M.
Published: April 2022

Bioremediation of pollutants such as heavy metals is an economic and environmentally friendly process. A novel molybdenum-reducing bacterium was isolated and characterized for its potential to reduce hexavalent molybdenum to molybdenum blue (Mo-blue). The bacterium reduces molybdate optimally at pH between 6 and 8, temperature between 35 and 40 ËšC. Glucose was the best electron donor source supporting molybdate reduction followed by sucrose, fructose, starch and glycerol in descending order. Other requirements include optimum phosphate concentration at 5.0 mM and molybdate concentration between 20 and 40 mM. 16S rRNA partial sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified the bacterium as Pantoea sp. strain HMY-P4. The capacity of this bacterium to reduce toxic soluble molybdenum to a less toxic form is novel and makes the bacterium an important instrument for bioremediation of this pollutant.