bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern and outcome of paediatric pleural effusion seen at Usmanu Dafodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto: A 5-year retrospective study
Authors: Abubakar FI  , Rufai AI  , Ahmed HK  , Adamu A  , Ukwuni SI
Published: January 2024

Background: Pleural effusion is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity which present with spectrum of clinico-aetiological manifestations often requiring multidisciplinary approach.

Objectives: This study set out to determine the prevalence, aetiology, clinical presentation, treatment modalities and outcome of pleural effusion in children.

Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study where records of children with diagnosis of pleural effusion admitted at UDUTH, Sokoto were obtained between January 2017 and December 2022 and reviewed. Diagnosis was based on clinical presentation and radiological confirmation of pleural effusion. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 20.0.

Results: A total of 49 cases were retrieved. The prevalence of pleural effusion was 0.54% (9,056). It was more prevalent in males with ratio of 2.5:1 (χ² = 9.833, P = 0.007). The median age was 9 years (IQR 7). The most common cause of pleural effusion was pneumonia 26 (53.1%) followed by tuberculosis 16 (32.6%), malignancy 3 (6.1%), cardiac and renal causes accounted for 2 (4.1%) each. Cough (100.0%), difficulty in breathing (100.0%), tachypnea (100.0%), respiratory distress (100.0%), and desaturation (98.0%) were the common presentations. Most (77.5%) of them presented with right sided pleural effusion. The majority (93.9%) had closed thoracostomy tube drainage. The outcome showed majority (83.7%) of the cases been discharged, with a median duration of hospital stay of 22days (IQR 17). However, mortality rate for the malignant causes was 100.0%.

Conclusion: Infections were the major cause of paediatric pleural effusion with relatively good outcome. Surgical intervention and multidisciplinary team approach are needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality in patients with pleural effusion especially for the malignant causes.
Morbidity pattern of underfives with moderate acute malnutrition in southern Nigeria
Authors: Udoh EE  , Okorie O  , Okpokowuruk FS  , Udo E  , Motilewa OO  , Bassey V  , Ikobah J  , Adesina S  , Ebunlomo I  , Akpan M  , Ekpo L  , Uhegbu K  , Umoh R  , Nwazuluoke B  , Johnson OE  , Adeniyi O
Published: January 2024

Background: Moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality globally. The morbidity pattern of underfives with this condition is yet to be described.

Objective: To describe the morbidity pattern of underfives with MAM

Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in two Primary Health Centres in Uruan Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. Caregivers’ brought children aged 6- 59 months to the health facilities following community mobilization. Eligible children were recruited into the study after obtaining parental consent. A validated proforma was used to obtain the biodata and symptoms of common illnesses in the children. A general physical examination, anthropometric measurements and systemic examination were performed.

Results: A total of 162 children were recruited into the study. Their mean (±SD) age was 20.4 ± 13.0 months. Over 70% of them were 6 - 23 months of age. Their mean (±SD) length/height was 77.3 ± 29.6 cm, mean (±SD) weight was 8.3 ± 3.4 kg and mean (±SD) mid upper arm circumference was 12.4 ± 4.5 cm. The main symptoms noted in the children were; fever 99 (61.1%), cough 84 (51.9%), weight loss 81 (50.0%), diarrhoea 40 (24.7%) and vomiting 40 (24.7%) while pallor 77 (47.5%), lymphadenopathy 56 (34.6%), hair changes 49 (30.2%), skin changes 27 (16.6%) were the main signs in them.

Conclusion: The main symptomatology of underfives with MAM were fever, cough and weight loss while pallor, lymphadenopathy and hair changes were the topmost signs. This morbidity pattern is related to interactions between malnutrition and infection in childhood.
Sonographic Evaluation of Renal dimensions in a healthy adult Nigerian Population
Authors: Obiozor AA
Published: January 2024

Background: This study is on sonographic evaluation of renal dimensions in the healthy adult Nigerian population.

Aim: The objective of the study was to determine normal dimensions of the kidney sonographically and to correlate the measurements with the sex, age, height, weight and body mass index, in the adult Nigerian population.

Methodology: This was a prospective hospital based ultrasound study of five hundred (500) apparently healthy adults that were 20 years and above as at the time of data collection, Renal dimensions, length, width and cortical renal thickness were measured. A questionnaire was used for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Consent was obtained from the individuals before the study and strict confidentiality was maintained. Descriptive and inferential statistics were deployed to realize the objectives. The data was analyzed using SPSS statistical package version 20.0. The mean, median, variance, standard deviation of the kidney sizes were evaluated and correlated with the age, sex, weight, height and body mass index of the subjects.

Result: The mean right kidney length measured 94.2+8mm for male and 91.8+9mm for females with a range of 64.0-113mm and 76.0-123mm for males and female respectively. The left mean kidney length measured 99.4+8.1mm and 95.5+9.5mm with a range of 76.0-119.0mm and 76.0-114.mm for males and females respectively while the width was 40.7±3.4mm for males and 40.5±3.4mm for females with P values of 0.599mm which is not significant. Mean left kidney width was 44.7±5.8mm for males and 44.5±9.5mm for females with ranges of 33.0-65.0mm and 30.0-61.0mm for males and females respectively with P values of 0.719 which is not significant. Males had a mean renal cortical thickness of 18.3±2.9mm while females had 16.6±2.9mm with P values of 0.000.

Conclusion: The renal cortical thickness in males is greater than in females. The left cortical renal thickness is greater than the right. There is positive correlation of the left cortical renal thickness with age, but not with body mass index and height. Males have greater kidney length than females but the differences in length are not significant. Also, Males have greater kidney width than females. When correlated with age, height, weight and body mass index of the subjects.
Mixed chorangioma of the placental disk of a 29-year-old pregnant woman: A case report with literature review
Authors: Eziagu UB  , Wemimo RM  , Ndukwe CO  , Kudamnya IJ  , Utuk NM  , Oyewumi AO  , Eziagu ED  , Chibuike IO
Published: January 2024

A Chorangioma is a rare benign non-trophoblastic placental vascular neoplasm that develops from the placental primitive chorionic mesenchyme. It happens in 1% of pregnancies. Because Chorangioma may hurt the health of both the mother and the fetus, it is crucial to distinguish it from other placental disorders. In this article, we present a case study of an incidental Mixed Chorangioma variant found in a 29-year-old mother's placental disk during routine histopathological examinations as part of a large-scale prospective histopathological survey of the placenta in a tertiary healthcare facility in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. In addition, we offer a comprehensive overview of the existing literature on Chorangiomas, focusing on their pathology, clinical importance, and treatment. This article aims to advance the understanding of Chorangiomas and increase clinicians' and pathologists' awareness of the need for early detection and suitable treatment.
Comparative study of sonourethrography and conventional urethrography in determining the length of anterior urethral strictures
Authors: Elendu KC  , Uwanuruochi K  , Umeh E  , Umeokafor C  , Nwammuo C  , Nwosu C  , Mbaeri TU
Published: January 2024

Background: Conventional urethrography has been the “Gold standard” in the evaluation of anterior urethral strictures. Sonourethrography (SUG) is less invasive, more readily available, and cheaper and does not use ionizing radiation.

Objective: To determine the length of anterior urethral strictures diagnosed on conventional urethrography using SUG and compare findings on SUG with conventional urethrography in adult male patients

Methodology: This was a prospective cross-sectional study carried out over a period of twelve months, whereby 66 male patients with clinically suspected anterior urethral strictures and confirmed on retrograde urethrography (RUG)/ Micturatingcystourethrography (MCUG) were examined using SUG. The length of anterior urethral strictures from both procedures were compared. The data analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23(SPSS Inc, IL, USA). At 95% confidence interval, P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result: Sixty six patients were studied. The mean age of the participants was 56.7±13.7years with an age range of 20 – 78 years. The stricture lengths and diameters were consistently higher on SUG compared to conventional urethrography. The mean length of stricture on RUG/MCUG and SUG were 19.4 ± 6.0mm and 21.3± 6.7 mm respectfully. The mean difference for the stricture lengths on RUG/MCUG and SUG was 1.9 mm and this was statistically significant (CI = 0.983 – 2.761, p < 0.001). The mean diameter of the stricture on RUG/MCUG and SUG were 2.2± 0.7mm and 5.6± 1.2mm and the mean difference for the stricture diameter on both techniques was 3.4mm (CI= 3.158 – 3.577, p<0.001), which was statistically significant.

Conclusion: Significantly higher mean stricture length and diameter were found on SUG compared with RUG/MCUG.
Hibah Kepada Anak Perempuan Sebagai Penghalang Ahli Waris Kerabat Perspektif Fiqh Syāfi’iyyah
Authors: Muhammad Ichsan
Published: January 2024

Di Indonesia sengketa hibah kepada anak selaku penerima warisan, diselesaikan dengan mengajukan gugatan ke Mahkamah Syari’ah. Dalam memeriksa dan mengadili perkara tersebut, majelis hakim harus mempunyai pertimbangan-pertimbangan sebagai dasar dalam menjatuhkan putusan yang adil bagi para pihak yang bersengketa, yang mana dalam putusan ini terdapat kesenjangan pemberian hibah terhadap ahli waris. Namun sangat ironis bila dalam praktik hibah kepada ahli waris malah dimaksudkan untuk menghalangi ahli waris yang lain dari hak-hak warisannya, maka peneliti tertarik untuk mengupas permasalahan tersebut dalam karya ilmiah yang berjudul “Hibah Kepada Anak Perempuan Sebagai Penghalang Ahli Waris Kerabat Perspektif Fiqh Syāfi’iyyah”. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yaitu: serangkaian kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka, membaca dan mencatat serta mengolah bahan penelitian. Dari hasil penelitian penulis mengambil kesimpulan bahwa hukum hibah orang tua kepada anak perempuannya menurut fiqh Syāfi’iyyah bahwa seorang ayah dapat memberikan dengan jumlah yang diinginkan kepada anaknya, termasuk juga boleh memberikan hibah hanya kepada anak perempuannya. Hanya sanya agama menganjurkan agar pemberian antara anak-anak itu dengan jumlah yang sama dan makruh bila tidak sama. Tetapi bila seorang ayah mengetahui kerelaan anak-anak dan kerabat yang lain, maka justru disunnahkan memberi lebih kepada sebagian anak. Hukum hibah kepada anak perempuan sebagai penghalang ahli waris kerabat menurut fiqh Syāfi’iyyah bahwa model hilah hukum dalam hibah kepada anak perempuan sebagai penghalang dari ahli waris kerabat adalah hilah yang terlarang dan diharamkan seorang ayah menghibahkan hartanya kepada anak perempuannya dengan tujuan untuk menghalangi ahli waris kerabat dari menerima warisan, namun hibah tersebut dianggap sah.
Impact of Human Capital on Economic Growth: A Case of SAARC Countries
Authors: Tariq Simran , Tariq Saroosh
Published: January 2024

The study intends to examine the influence of human capital on the 10-year economic growth of SAARC nations. It comprises of one explained,    three explanatory and two control variables. A panel data regression, fixed effect, random effect model and hausman specification tests were applied in the study. Econometrics findings found that labor force has significant impact on GDP/capita of SAARC countries whereas government spending on education and primary school enrollment had no discernible effects on economic growth. The results of our research offer guidance on how the national government can invest on human capital to promote economic growth.
The capability of Artificial Neural Networks as a Model for Predicting Total Electron Content (TEC): A Review
Authors: Sulungu Emmanuel
Published: January 2024

The results of investigations from a complete analysis of ANN application on Total Electron Content (TEC) prediction are presented in this paper. TEC is important in defining the ionosphere and has many everyday applications, for example, satellite navigation, time delay and range error corrections for single frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite signal receivers. The total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere has been measured using GPS. GPS are not installed in every point on the earth to make global TEC measurements possible. As a result, it is crucial to have certain models that can aid to get data from places where there is not any in order to comprehend the global behavior of TEC. Neural Network (NN) models have been shown to accurately anticipate data patterns, including TEC. The capacity of neural networks to represent both linear and nonlinear relationships directly from the data being modeled is what makes them so powerful. The survey from literature reveals that, Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is preferred and used mostly because of its speed and efficiency during learning process, and that ANN showed a good prediction of TEC compared to the IRI model.  As a result, NNs are suitable for forecasting GPS TEC values at various locations if the model's input parameters are well specified.
The Usage of social media in Creating Land Degradation Awareness in Rombo District, Kilimanjaro Region - Tanzania
Authors: Hermenegild Hendry , Shidende Nima
Published: January 2024

The environment is the fundamental for all living things, and land conservation is of greater apprehension for the sustainable economic development. To attain higher level of land conservation there should be greater effort in creating awareness to people on land degradation conservation. The study aimed to find out the usage of social media in creating land degradation awareness. Specifically, the study intended to: find out the causes of land degradation, identify the status on the usage of social media for land degradation awareness, likely determine the type of social media frequently used for land degradation awareness. The field work covered Rombo district in the Kilimanjaro region Tanzania, where five administrative wards were scrutinized, to mention: Tarakea, Motamburu, Olele, Mahida, and Ngoyoni. Data was collected employing household survey and interview and analysed using descriptive and thematic analysis techniques. The results show that the usage of social media that can be used in creating land degradation awareness includes providing education through media for peoples to understand relationship between human activities and land quality, providing user-friendly tools for knowledge sharing, enabling users to create, edit and add online contents, engaging discussions through social media on environmental issues as well as reporting on land degradation. Further, social media can be used to create land degradation awareness to peoples in Rombo district by 59%.  It was concluded that, public campaign program to enhance awareness on land degradation should be strengthened through the usage of social media for sustainable land usage.
Sinfonías del futuro: creando melodías con tecnología inteligencia artificial.
Authors: Alarcon Bazurto Bryan , Pinargote Quintero Andres Joseph , Vasconez Alava Laura Lorena , Sánchez Cabrera Bryan Bolívar
Published: January 2024

En la actualidad, nos encontramos inmersos en una era de avances tecnológicos sin precedentes que están transformando nuestra percepción y producción musical. La inteligencia artificial (IA) ha emergido como una herramienta revolucionaria que está redefiniendo la música. La generación de melodías sinfónicas mediante IA es un emocionante desarrollo que atrae a artistas, científicos y amantes de la música.
A través de algoritmos de aprendizaje automático, las máquinas están aprendiendo a componer música de manera autónoma, abriendo nuevas posibilidades creativas.
Este artículo se centra en la generación de melodías sinfónicas utilizando una Red Neuronal Recurrente (RNN) basada en LSTM. El proceso implica la obtención de notas de archivos MIDI, la preparación de secuencias de entrada y salida, la construcción y entrenamiento del modelo, la generación de notas y la creación de un archivo MIDI. Para esto se utiliza Google Colab y Python con diversas bibliotecas para programar el entorno de desarrollo. El proceso se estructura en etapas, desde la obtención de notas hasta la creación del archivo MIDI final.
Ethanolic Extract of Citrus Sinensis Peel Markedly Mitigate Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Asjad Hafiz Muhammad Mazhar , Akhtar Muhammad Shoaib , Khan Maryam , Sial Nabeela Tabassum , Sohail Imran , Arshad Laiba
Published: January 2024

Background: Herbal medicines have historically been crucial for enhancing human health. Previous studies have highlighted the antioxidant properties of various parts of Citrus sinensis. In light of widespread reliance on plant-based remedies, this study focuses on a particular herbal medicine, Citrus sinensis, known for its rich content of vitamin C, pectins, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids.
Objective: This research aims to investigate the hepatoprotective potential of the ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensis peel in vivo, particularly focusing on its antioxidant capabilities.
Methods: The study utilized biochemical parameters including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and total proteins to assess the hepatoprotective action of the Citrus sinensis peel extract in serum of Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into five groups, with varying treatments including a control group, a paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity group, and groups receiving different doses of the Citrus sinensis extract.
Results: Treatment with the ethanolic extract of Citrus sinensis peel at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg significantly mitigated the paracetamol-induced elevation of serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin, and total proteins. These improvements were comparable to those observed with the standard drug, silymarin.
Conclusion: The study confirms the hepatoprotective effects of Citrus sinensis peel extract against paracetamol-induced liver damage. This protection was evident both biochemically and histopathologically, suggesting the potential therapeutic utility of Citrus sinensis in liver disorders.
NORMALIZATION OF ONLINE SHOP PAYMENTS THROUGH THE SHOPEEPAY LATER SERVICE QS PRESPECTIVE ALI IMRAN Verse 130
Authors: Lili Kaina
Published: January 2024

Abstract

This study aims to discuss the law of the shopeepay later feature in the Qs perspective shopee application. Ali Imran verse 130 because many people are currently normalizing the shopeepay later service for the payment system at shopee. This study uses a qualitative approach research method using maudhu'i interpretation. Maudhu'i interpretation is a method of interpretation that seeks to find answers to the Qur'an by collecting verses of the Qur'an that have one goal. The results of the discussion of this study indicate that the use of the shopeepay later service contains an element of usury Qard, this occurs because the Shopee Paylater element provides personal benefits for Shopee alone. The public currently has an obligation to avoid using the shopeepay later payment feature in the shopee application. This research is expected to provide benefits as a treasure trove of knowledge about the shopeepaylater feature in a QS perspective. Ali Imran verse 130 so that people at this time can minimize or even avoid using shopeepay later. This research has limitations because it only discusses from one interpreter's point of view and only discusses Qs. Ali Imran verse 130. This study recommends further research with different methods so that the results are more recent, and valid.

Keywords: Al-Qur'an, Shopee, Shopeepay later
Kostaq Cipo për kompozitat e shqipes
Authors: Feka Thanas
Published: January 2024

Në fondin e kontributeve gjuhësore të Kostaq Cipos për gjuhën shqipe, një vend të veçantë, brenda fushës së fjalëformimit, zënë dy artikuj studimorë për kompozitat: “Rreth disa kompozitave”1 dhe “Kompozitat determinative”2 të botuar përkatësisht në nr. 1 dhe 2-3 të revistës “Buletini i Institutit të Shkencave” të vitit 1948, ku trajtohen dy grupet e mëdha të kompozitave të shqipes: kompozitat këpujore (kopulative) dhe kompozitat determinative. Të dy këta artikuj, si vijim i njëri-tjetrit, janë të lidhur organikisht dhe përbëjnë një studim të vetëm për dy grupet e mëdha të kompozitave: të fjalëve të përbëra dhe atyre të përngjitura, të cilat dallojnë nga formimet e prejardhura për mënyrën e formimit, për mjetet fjalëformuese, për mekanizmin e përftimit të kuptimit etj. Pikërisht në këtë kontekst, të dy artikujt janë ribotuar në përmbledhjen “Studime mbi leksikun dhe mbi formimin e fjalëve në gjuhën shqipe”3 nën një titull të vetëm, “Rreth disa kompozitave”.
Nga vepra fjalor etimologjik i gjuhës shqipe IV
Authors: Topalli Kolec
Published: January 2024

gjej fol. “zbuloj”. Fjalë e mbarë gjuhës, e trashëguar nga fondi indoeuropian. Del me dy forma: gjej e gjendem (në trajtën joveprore). Të dyja këto lidhen me rrënjën ghad-, ghend- “kap, rrok, zë”, ku bëjnë pjesë gr. χανδάνω “kap”, lat. praehendo,-ĕre “kap, marr”, got. bigitan, ang. get “gjej, arrij, takoj” (Walde-Pokorny). Shqipja ka marrë pjesë në të dyja këto rrënjë: me formën e parë shpjegohet e tashmja gjej, që e ka humbur bashkëtingëlloren fundore -d (si mbylltore e zëshme) dhe ka marrë mbaresën -n në të tashmen (*ge-n-Ṏō); kurse e kryera e thjeshtë ka marrë prapashtesën -të prej formës së pjesores (gje-të ~ gjeta). Me formën e dytë shpjegohet trajta joveprore gjendem, ku dhëmborja është ruajtur, meqenëse ka qenë në një grup bashkëtingëllor. Kësisoj, evolucioni i kësaj foljeje është i ngjashëm me lej ~ lind nga ie. leṷd-. Dëshmohet së pari te Buzuku, që e ka me parashtesën vë- (ashtu si Kosova dhe arbëreshët e Greqisë): E ju të më lypëni e të mos më vgjani. Çabej e lidh foljen e shqipes me sll. dogoditi, let. gadît. Nga format e ndryshme të fjalës janë formuar rrjedhojat: gjendje, i gjendshëm / i gjindshëm; gjetje, gjetës, gjeturinë “sende të gjetura pa ndonjë vlerë”, të gjeturat “të përmuajshmet e grave”. (Meyer EW 140, Pedersen KG I 39, Boisacq 1050, Berneker I 289, Walde-Pokorny I 589, Walde-Hofmann II 359, Tagliavini AD 129, Skeat 174, Çabej SE IV 317, Demiraj AE 185, Orel AED 131, Luka II 149).
Konferencë shkencore për shkollat e para shqipe
Authors: Topalli Kolec
Published: January 2024

Me datën 26. 10. 2012, në kuadër të 100-vjetorit të Pavarësisë së Shqipërisë, Ministria e Turizmit, Kulturës, Rinisë e Sporteve, në bashkëpunim me Qendrën e Studimeve Albanologjike, organizuan në sallën e konferencave të Muzeut Historik Kombëtar konferencën shkencore me temë: “Shkollat shqipe të trevave shqiptare në shekujt XVII-XVIII”. Qëllimi i kësaj konference ishte të paraqiteshin materiale dhe studime që dëshmojnë hapjen dhe funksionimin e shkollave shqipe në shekujt XVI-XVII në krahina të ndryshme të vendit tonë,

në Kosovë dhe tek arbëreshët e Italisë. Në konferencë referuan historianë, gjuhëtarë, pedagogë e studiues të njohur në fushë të arsimit. U mbajtën gjithsej 8 kumtesa, nga të cilat: Willy Kamsi: “Vepra atdhetare e kulturore e shkollave katolike ne shek. XVII-XVIII”; Italo Fortino:

"Mësimi i arbërishtes në katundet arbëreshe para shekullit XIX"; David Luka: “Shkolla shqipe e Kurbinit (1632-1650)”; Pëllumb Xhufi: “Disa

dëshmi të mësimit të shqipes në arealin ortodoks të Shqipërisë së poshtme përgjatë mesjetës”; Sarë Gjergji: “Stublla me Kolegjin e Shën

Lukës, 1584”; Musa Kraja: “Aspekte nga veprimtaria e mësuesve të shkollave të hershme shqipe”; Kolec Çefa: “Në zanafillat historike të arsimit tonë në trevat veriore, shek. XVII-XVIII; Eranda Halluni, Fatmir Vadahi "Shkollat private në vilajetin e Shkodrës ne shekujt XVII - XVIII". Pas leximit të kumtesave u zhvillua një seancë diskutimesh rreth materialeve të paraqitura.
Synergistic advantages of deep learning and reinforcement learning in economic forecasting
Authors: Zhang Gaohan
Published: January 2024

With the progress of science and technology, emerging technologies such as deep learning and reinforcement learning have emerged in economic forecasting, injecting synergy into this field. First of all, deep learning makes the economic model capture the dynamic changes of the economic system more comprehensively and accurately by dealing with nonlinear relations, learning complex characteristics and conducting accurate time series analysis. Its multi-level neural network structure and the ability to learn features automatically improve the adaptability of the model and avoid the tedious process of traditional manual feature selection. Secondly, the introduction of reinforcement learning gives the economic forecasting model more flexible and adaptive advantages. Through interactive learning between agent and environment, the model can optimize decision-making, deal with uncertainty better, and is adaptive. Reinforcement learning improves the flexibility of decision-making by constantly trying and learning and adjusting strategies to adapt to changes in the economic environment. The collaborative application of them has made remarkable progress in nonlinear relationship modeling, feature learning, time series analysis, decision making, uncertainty handling and self-adaptability, which has improved the accuracy and adaptability of the model and enhanced its robustness in the complex and changeable economic environment. In the future, deepening the research and optimization of these emerging technologies in practical application will provide better performance for economic forecasting, provide more comprehensive, accurate and practical information for decision makers, and help more scientific, flexible and fine economic management and policy formulation.
The Role of the Head of the Education Service Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) in Improving Employee Performance in Sangir Batang Hari District, South Solok Regency
Authors: Yatra Belli , Meilina Susiyanti
Published: January 2024

This study aims to find out and examine how the role of the Head of the Sangir Batang Hari Education UPTD is whether it has been carried out properly or not. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method which explains in depth the role of the Head of Education UPTD Sangir Batang Hari District, South Solok Regency in improving employee performance. Data collection techniques using interview techniques, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques, namely by triagulation, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The result of this research is that the role of the Head of the Sangir Batang Hari Education UPTD has been very good in carrying out his role in improving employee performance and discipline. Meanwhile, the obstacle faced by the Head of the Education UPTD Sangir Batang Hari Subdistrict in improving employee performance at the Education UPTD itself, namely the most important obstacle was the lack of staff in the Education UPTD which was one of the most influential obstacles in improving performance at the Education UPTD. Furthermore, the constraints that exist in the UPTD itself also affect the human resources (HR) in the UPTD of Education who are not yet disciplined. Factors that influence the performance of UPTD Education staff in Sangir Batang Hari District, namely: Head of UPTD Education in Sangir Batang Hari District, South Solok Regency in order to increase the role that is more motivating for employees to carry out tasks according to the goals to be achieved so that employee performance can be even better for the sake of structure work and goal attainment.
বিশ শতকের নির্বাচিত কবির কবিতায় নারীর নিজস্ব ভাষার বহুমাত্রিকতা
Authors: সামন্ত সহেলী
Published: January 2024

সমাজে নারীর অবস্থান, তার নিজস্ব জগৎ তৈরি করে, তৈরি করে তার নিজস্ব ভাষা (Women's Dialect)। পুরুষের চোখে নারীর কল্পনা নয়, নিজের ভাষায় নারীর নিজের বক্তব্য তুলে ধরার পর্ব শুরু হয়েছে। সেই ভাষা একটি নতুন পথ নির্মাণ করেছে। এই ভাষায় যেমন নারীর নিজস্ব অভিজ্ঞতা, বঞ্চনার কথা ব্যক্ত হয় তেমন বিচিত্র অভিমুখও চিত্রিত হয়। Laura Mulvey 1975 সালে 'Male Gaze Theory'র কথা বলেন। বাংলা কবিতায় এই Theory ভাঙার পর্ব শুরু হয়ে গিয়েছিল বহু আগেই। এই প্রবন্ধে বিশ শতকের নির্বাচিত চারজন কবি কবিতা সিংহ, নবনীতা দেবসেন, কেতকী কুশারী ডাইসন ও গীতা চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের কবিতার ভাব ও ভাষা দ্বারা, নারীর নিজস্ব ভাষার বিচিত্র স্বরূপ তুলে ধরা হয়েছে। কবিতা সিংহের কবিতার ভাষা তীক্ষè ক্ষুরধার, নবনীতা দেবসেনের কবিতাভাষা সংহত, কেতকী কুশারীর কবিতাভাষা আপাত সরল কিন্তু তীব্র অনুভূতিতে ঋদ্ধ, গীতা চট্টোপাধ্যায়ের কবিতাভাষা সংস্কৃতঘেঁষা প্রজ্ঞা ও মননের দীপ্তিতে উজ্জ্বল। নারীর নিজের ভাষা সমৃদ্ধ ও শক্তিশালী। বর্তমান প্রবন্ধে নির্বাচিত কবির কবিতাভাষা ও ভাবনার মধ্য দিয়ে নারীভাষার বহুমাত্রিক স্বরূপকে তুলে ধরা হয়েছে।
Illustrated moss flora of Arctic North America and Greenland. 1. Polytrichaceae
Authors: Long David G.
Published: January 2024

Not available
Illustrated moss flora of Arctic North America. 2. Sphagnaceae
Authors: Crum Howard A.
Published: January 2024

Not available
The greenland caribou - zoogeography, taxonomy, and population dynamics
Authors: Meldgaard Morten
Published: January 2024

A comprehensive survey of all available geological, archaeological, historical, ethnohistorical, statistical, and game-biological data concerning the past and present status and distribution of the Greenland caribou is given. Based on this information a reconstruction of postglacial caribou zoogeography is presented. The main conclusions are: (1) Prior to c. 6000 BC small (Rangifer tarandus pearyi sized) caribou migrated from Ellesmere Island into Greenland (three new C-14 datings are presented), (2) prior to c. 2000 BC large (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus sized) caribou migrated across Nares Strait and/or across Davis Strait to the northern parts of West Greenland, (3) c. 1500 BC West Greenland was inhabited by both large and  small caribou separated by Sukkertoppen Iskappe, (4) between c. 1500 BC and c. 1000 AD the small West Greenland caribou disappeared, (5) from c. 6000 BC to c. 1300 AD caribou have periodically inhabited North Greenland, (6) prior to c. 300 AD the isolated Ammassalik region was colonized by caribou either from Northeast Greenland or from Southwest Greenland. The Ammassalik caribou were quite dwarfish and they became extinct after c. 1100 AD (7 new C-14 datings are presented), (7) c. 1900 AD the small Northeast Greenland caribou became extinct, (8) through the last 1000 years the range of the Greenland caribou has been reduced through population extinctions starting in Southeast Greenland and progressing north and south along the coasts leading to the present concentrations in central West Greenland and Inglefield Land.

These major zoogeographical events are the result of recurring population fluctuations and related distributional changes. In West Greenland these fluctuations have been recorded through the last 250 years. A number of features characterize changes in population size and distribution: (1) The duration of a population cycle varies from 65 to 115 years, (2) population decrease (and increase) is drastic often  exceeding 90% of the population, and in some cases extinction is the end result, (3) fluctuations in different caribou populations in major geographical areas appear to be synchronized, (4) when the populations increase in numbers they expand their ranges while range contraction is associated with population declines.

The population fluctuations are primarily caused by climatic changes and secondarily by predation, overgrazing, and other factors.
Hybridization, introgression and taxonomy of the Mountain birch in SW Greenland compared with related results from Iceland and Finnish Lapland
Authors: Sulkinoja Matti
Published: January 2024

Samples from birch populations were collected in Qingua-dalen and Narssarssuaq during the excursion of SBP (the Subarctic Birch Project) to SW Greenland 1984. In Qingua-dalen, where the environmental conditions are more favourable, the stems of the Mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa) are taller and thicker and the leaf size is larger than in populations at Narssarssuaq. Intermediate forms – probably introgressions - between B. pubescens and B. glandulosa were found in both populations.

According to cytological investigations of Qingua-dalen populations, the putative hybrids between B. glandulosa (2n = 28) and B. pubescens (2n = 56) were found to be triploids (2n = 42). Seeds collected from hybrids did not germinate but the germination of the Mountain birch was also extremely low in 1984. In the same year, B. glandulosa produced abundantly seeds with high germination percentage. Germination experiments with seeds collected in 1982 and 1985 indicated that under climatically favourable conditions Mountain birch produces viable seeds. Reproduction through vegetative means was found to be strong in all birch taxa.

Considerable differences have been found between the provenances of birches from SW Greenland and Finland in cultivation experiments carried out since 1976 in South and North Finland. The clones of B. pubescens and B. glandulosa, originating from Kangerdluarssuk , mature very late in autumn and the shoots above snow level were badly frostdamaged during the winter. This was particularly noticeable for B.

pubescens in test fields in Lapland. The plants have survived, however, by means of re-suckering and started flowering at an early stage producing viable seeds. Probably no reproductive barriers between birches of the two geographically isolated areas, SW Greenland and Finland, have developed.
An annotated checklist to the birds of Greenland
Authors: Boertmann David
Published: January 2024

The most recent total account of the birds of Greenland was published in the late sixties (Salomonsen 1967). Since that, major changes have been recorded in the status and occurrence of several species. One species have disappeared (Barrow's Golden eye) and 28 new vagrants have been added to the list.

This checklist gives a current account on the birds occurring in Greenland. 235 species have been recorded. About 58 are well established breeders, c. 17 are regular (some numerous) visitors and the rest are more or less rare vagrants. Some of the visitors may breed occasionally and some are probably in the initiating phase of an immigration to Greenland. Although many vagrants have only been recorded once, some of them may occur more commonly or even annually.

The present status is described for each species and if possible also population numbers and trends. When relevant, issues as subspecies, habitats and migration are discussed or described briefly.
Overview of the special issue "Studies of white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in Greenland and adjacent waters".
Authors: Reeves Randall R. , Dietz Ru , Born Erik W.
Published: January 2024

This overview introduces the collection of papers on the Distribution and abundance; Exploitation and status; Habitat use and behaviour; and Life history, stock identity and toxicology of white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in Greenland and adjacent waters. It includes brief summaries of the 19 included papers and calls attention to ongoing and future studies on the same or related subjects.
Variation of the population structure of Polygonum viviparum L. in relation to certain environmental conditions
Authors: Petersen Peter Milan
Published: January 2024

Populations of Polygonum viviparum L. have been studied at Godhavn in Greenland (69° 14' N, 53° 31 ' W), at 30 sites within an investigation area of approx. six km2. At each site, the age structure of the population was described after the individuals had been classified on the basis of the morphology of the rhizome. Other population parameters investigated are the total number of individuals (1 - 2,860 per m2), number of recently established individuals (0 - 1,720 per m2), number of flowering individuals (0 - 850 per m2), number of bulbils produced (0 - 17,870 per m2), and dry weight of standing crop (0.6 - 281 g per m2); the numbers in the brackets give the total range for the 30 sites. The flowering individuals have been characterized by the age class in which flowering first occurs, the mean dry weight of the vegetative parts (0.06 - 0.94 g) and the mean number of bulbils (9± 4 - 114 ± 46).

 

The environmental parameters studied include height above sea level, slope and direction of slope, soil water content, loss on ignition, bulk density, pH, exchangeable K, 0.2 N H2S04-soluble P, C/N, soil temperature, time of disappearance of the snow, soil movement, and degree of cover of the vegetation. The sites have been assigned to six groups which are defined with emphasis on those factors which are assumed to be limiting: 1. Sites with soil movement, 2. Sites where the snow is late in disappearing, 3. Sites with waterlogged soil, 4. Well-drained sites on level or slightly sloping ground, 5. Steep slopes, exposed to the sun, and 6. Sites where competition for light is an important factor. Within each of the groups, the sites show a number of common features, especially as regards relative values referring to the population structure, and various features characterizing the plants. It is suggested that the large variation in the population parameters mentioned above occurs mainly because individuals of Polygonum viviparum of a different age are in a different way and to a different degree influenced by the environmental conditions. At the same time, the bulbil gain from and loss to the surroundings is stressed as important for the size of a population.
Zinc, cadmium and selinium in Greenland fish
Authors: Riget Frank , Dietz Rune , Johansen Poul
Published: January 2024

Concentrations of zinc, cadmium, mercury and selenium in muscle, liver, kidney, spleen and bone in marine fish from Greenland are presented. Tissue differences are apparent for all elements. Except for mercury, higher concentrations are found in liver and kidney than in muscle. In general, the mercury concentration is positively correlated with fish length while selenium concentration shows a negative correlation. No such correlations are evident for cadmium and zinc. Significant differences in heavy metals levels are often found between geographic locations. Although there is tendency for higher concentrations of cadmium, mercury and selenium in fish from North West Greenland compared to fish from other areas of Greenland, the geographical variation is not consistent. The results indicate that high natural year to year variations in element levels (up to 3 times) occur in fish. Mercury and cadmium concentrations show relatively strong inter-organ correlations, whereas this is not the case for selenium and zinc. Zinc and cadmium show a high degree of association in all tissues.
The annual cycle of temperature, salinity, currents and water masses in Disko Bugt and adjacent waters, West Greenland
Authors: Andersen Ole G. Norden
Published: January 2024

All available data on bathymetry, temperature, salinity and currents up until and including 1975 are used in describing the seasonal changes and dynamics of the hydrography of Disko Bugt, the Vaigat and adjacent glacier and non glacier fjords. From a winter situation with well mixed -1.75°C cold water in the upper c. 100 m steep halo-and thermoclines develop during the summer between freshened and heated surface water leaving Disko Bugt and deeper more saline water entering from the West Greenland Current. Huge ice bergs have a decisive cooling effect upon the upper 150-200 m affecting the outflowing current as well as the inflowing water which is responsible for the high bottom temperatures and salinities (up to 3.5°C and 34-34.5‰ at 300-500 m) found the year round, and which contributes to raising the temperature in the upper 200 m in the summer, especially in the southern and eastern part of the bay and even into the Vaigat.

Surface temperatures reach 12°C in the offshore waters of the bay where salinities may drop to 30‰, and inshore in the more diluted waters of Disko Fjord temperatures may even reach 14°C, whereas in the glacier fjords, where surface salinities come close to zero, 4°C is the highest temperature recorded and subzero temperatures are found even in July. An extensive upwelling of W Greenland water occurs in the northern part of the bay during the summer and fall and similar phenomena occur in Disko Fjord, driven by winds and apparently linked to tidal rhythms. Although TS diagrams show that deep Disko Bugt water and Baffin Bay water is of common origin, no water seems to enter Disko Bugt from Baffin Bay or from the Baffin Current.
Marine Rotifera from Ikka Fjord, SW Greenland. With the description of a new species from the rare mineral ikaite
Authors: Sørensen Martin Vinther , Kristensen Reinhardt Møbjerg
Published: January 2024

The rotifers from Ikka Fjord, SW Greenland are described. The descriptions are based on light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy of whole mounted animals and of isolated trophi. A new marine rotifer, Notholca

ikaitophila n. sp., was discovered inside the ikaite columns and from ikaite sand during this meiofauna investigation. The presence of movable lateral spines suggests a close relationship to the Notholca striata group. A full description of the new species is given. Beside the new species, eight other rotifer species, including four planktonic species, were found. Six of these are new to Greenland.

Beside the rotifer descriptions, notes are given on macro- and meiofauna in the fjord. An ecological note regarding the unique habitat for the meiofauna inside the ikaite columns is given for the first time. The interstitial meiofauna inside the ikaite columns is totally different from the eumarine meiofauna found on the surface of the ikaite columns.
Studies on some Arctic and Baltic Astarte species (Bivalvia, Mollusca)
Authors: Petersen G. Høpner
Published: January 2024

Some species in the Arctic and Baltic Astarte - complexes have been described or redescribed.

From the Arctic A. borealis - complex: A. borealis (Schumacher, 1817), A. jenseni n. sp., A. nuuki n. sp., A. moerchi n.sp., A. sericea Posselt 1895.

From the Arctic A. elliptica - complex: A. elliptica (Brown, 1827), A. neocrassa n. sp., A. longa n. sp., A. vaigati n. sp.

In the Baltic Sea the former "A. borealis" - complex has been substituted by 6 species: A. bornholmi n. sp., A. silki n. sp., A. belti n. sp., A. fjordi n. sp., A. Jalsteri n. sp., A. nordi n. sp.

Part of the Baltic A. elliptica / A. sulcata - complex is studied: A. elliptica (Brown, 1827), A. anholti n. sp., A. klinti n. sp. and A. sulcata (da Costa 1778).

A few notes on the A. montagui - complex and the A. crenata - complex have been added.
A checklist of the Greenland basidiomycetes
Authors: Borgen Thorbjørn , Elborne Steen A. , Knudsen Henning
Published: January 2024

A checklist of 868 taxa of basidiomycetes from Greenland is presented including 847 species, 1 subspecies, 12 varieties and 8 forms. Of these, 172 taxa are reported for the first time from Greenland, not including the species reported as new to  Greenland in other papers in these proceedings.
The list is based on records from the 120 references listed below, including original information on Greenland basidiomycetes, and on material in different herbaria, mainly the approximately 8.000 collections in the Botanical Museum in Copenhagen. The list serves as the base for a forthcoming funga.
The new combination Hemimycena albicolor (A. H. Sm.) Elborne is proposed.
Carbon cycling in Arctic marine ecosystems: Case study Young Sound - Preface
Authors: Rysgaard Søren , Glud Ronnie N.
Published: January 2024

Not relevant
Growth, production and carbon demand of macrofauna in Young Sound, with special emphasis on the bivalves Hiatella arctica and Mya truncata
Authors: Sejr Mikael K. , Christensen Peter B.
Published: January 2024

Composition, abundance and biomass of macrobenthos in the outer part of a NE Greenland fjord, Young Sound (74°18’N, 20°18’W) were examined by grab sampling and photography along six transects, each with a depth range of 10 to 60 m.

We found a species-rich fauna, dominated by brittle stars and bivalves. Annual growth and production of two bivalve species, Mya truncata and Hiatella arctica, were estimated by analysis of shell increments. Both species exhibited growth patterns typical of the Arctic, i.e. long life span and low annual growth. To investigate the exceptionally slow growth of H. arctica, laboratory experiments were conducted. Food availability was identified as the primary constraint on annual growth, whereas low temperature caused lower energy requirements and hence prolonged the growth season for bivalves. The strong influence of food limitation was also demonstrated in a study of the year-to-year variation in growth of M. truncata.

A relative growth index was constructed for the period 1962–2000 based on measurements of individual increments. The index demonstrated a significant influence of ice cover on growth of bivalves, suggesting that the length of the ice-free season, which determines phytoplankton production, affects the growth pattern. Carbon demands of dominant species were estimated by three empirical models available in the literature and used to evaluate the role of the benthos in carbon cycling. Modelled carbon demands for M. truncata and H. arctica were well above those derived from actual production estimates from Young Sound.

A conservative approach was adopted based on minimum estimates yielding an average of 15 mg C m-2 d-1 for the macrobenthos. Taking into account the different approaches used, the carbon demand of macrobenthos in Young Sound is among the highest reported from the Arctic.