bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A nova sistemática processual civil brasileira: o Poder Judiciário sob a perspectiva de povo como “instância global de atribuição de legitimidade”
Authors: Galvão Ciro Di Benatti
Published: May 2017

O objetivo do presente artigo é correlacionar a atividade do Poder Judiciário e a noção de Müller sobre o povo enquanto “instância de atribuição de legitimidade”, abordando a necessidade da intermediação da figura do amicus curiae como entidade responsável pela manutenção do vínculo democrático que deve existir entre eles e que ganhou projeção com a edição do novo código de processo civil brasileiro de 2015. A ideia de que toda manifestação de poder estatal advém do povo, torna-o uma verdadeira instância na qual todos os poderes constituídos do Estado buscam legitimidade existencial. É com base nessa visão compreensiva que o Judiciário deve ser analisado no exercício de sua função e, na impossibilidade fática de participação direta do povo no processo de decisão judicial (quando não figurarem como parte processual), nada mais coerente que a intervenção social se dê mediante entidades que possam externar essa mesma vontade e/ou interesse, quando necessário para a manutenção da legitimidade do comportamento decisório do Judiciário. Adotando-se a pesquisa teórica e, valendo-se do método dedutivo, chegou-se à conclusão de que a democratização do comportamento do Judiciário tem como pressuposto a sua contínua integração decisória por entidades técnicas, aptas a suprir a impossibilidade da presença direta dos cidadãos no processo decisório judicial, na maioria das vezes, garantindo-lhe maior solidez decisória e maiores chances de legitimidade social.
A legitimidade democrática das cláusulas pétreas: um olhar a partir do caso da impressão de voto
Authors: Barreira Jônatas Henriques
Published: May 2017

O trabalho aqui exposto visa explorar a polêmica a respeito da legitimidade democrática da teoria das cláusulas pétreas, bastante discutida no âmbito constitucionalista. Para oxigenar a discussão e partir de uma nova perspectiva, este artigo tem como base de reflexão a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade n. 4.543, que invalidou dispositivo legal que estabelecia a impressão do voto. O artigo demonstra a dificuldade existente em se confiar à Jurisdição Constitucional a função contra-majoritária e a proteção das cláusulas pétreas.
Os direitos fundamentais enquanto pilares da democracia e condição para o Estado de Direito
Authors: Piovesan Fúlvio Machado , Reck Janrie Rodrigues
Published: May 2017

A pessoa é o elemento central da vida em sociedade e a preservação de seus direitos se confunde com a própria espécie humana. Esse fundamento tem sido efetivo enquanto princípio de formação do próprio conceito de Estado. A unidade estatal prescinde de pessoas, enquanto atores de um processo de desenvolvimento econômico, político e social vivam em harmonia entre si, produzam o suficiente para que se sustentem e tenham consciência da construção social que é o Estado. Essa noção de pertencer a uma comunidade, a uma Nação, é um conceito idealizado a partir do Contrato Social e, como o próprio nome define, pressupõe uma comunhão de objetivos entre as partes contratantes, em que o Estado passa a representar a unidade de todos os indivíduos e estes respeitam esse poder constituído, submetendo parte de sua liberdade e fruto de seu trabalho, em troca de direitos. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo tem o propósito de justificar a existência do Estado de Direito como uma consequência da construção dos direitos fundamentais e como esses direitos são igualmente fundamentais para a consolidação da democracia nesse ambiente de convivência de Direito, respeito à vida e desenvolvimento social.
Impactos da Financeirização sobre o Padrão de Financiamento e a Governança das Empresas Não-Financeiras Brasileiras de Capital Aberto: período de 1995-2008.
Authors: Miranda Bernardo Pádua Jardim de , Crocco Marco , Santos Fabiana Borges Texeira dos
Published: May 2017

Nas últimas décadas tem-se observado o aumento da supremacia das finanças sobre o capital produtivo, afetando o processo de acumulação do capital nas economias capitalistas. Este processo, definido pelos regulacionistas franceses como Financeirização, afetou a governança das empresas, direcionando-as à criação de riqueza ao acionista. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar os impactos da financeirização sobre a estrutura de capital e a governança das empresas brasileiras não-financeiras de capital aberto no período de 1995 a 2008. Os resultados mostraram que a financeirização afetou o padrão de financiamento destas empresas, reduzindo a taxa de crescimento de seu imobilizado e aumentando sua fragilidade.
ANÁLISE DE DECOMPOSIÇÃO ESTRUTURAL PARA A ECONOMIA BRASILEIRA ENTRE 1995 E 2009
Authors: Figueiredo Helena Loiola de , Oliveira Maria Aparecida Silva
Published: May 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a dinâmica setorial da economia brasileira entre 1995 e 2009 utilizando a decomposição estrutural da matriz insumo-produto. Foram realizadas decomposições do emprego, valor adicionado e valor bruto da produção (VBP). O setor agropecuário apresentou, por um lado, redução no emprego, explicada pelo aumento da produtividade do trabalho, e, por outro crescimento no valor adicionado e no VBP puxado pelas exportações e consumo das famílias. O crescimento no setor industrial foi explicado pelo aumento da demanda final da economia, uma vez que a mudança tecnológica, principalmente a ocorrida no próprio setor industrial, reduziu esse crescimento. Houve um exponencial crescimento do setor de serviços no período, em âmbito do emprego, valor adicionado e VBP.
Estruturas globais de produção e territórios: processos recentes na indústria automotiva em Santa Catarina
Authors: Lins Hoyêdo Nunes
Published: May 2017

É crescente a presença de cadeias globais na produção e comercialização de produtos industriais. A indústria automotiva é emblemática dessa configuração, e seus movimentos recentes exibem mudanças na organização produtiva e nas interações entre os agentes envolvidos, assim como uma maior presença fora do capitalismo central. O Brasil não ficou à margem, com multiplicação de fábricas (montadoras e fabricantes de autopeças e componentes) que ampliou a capacidade produtiva no país. Ocorreu também reestruturação espacial da indústria, pois novos territórios produtivos foram agregados à associada geografia. Embora tardiamente atingida, Santa Catarina registra movimentos recentes, na sua região nordeste, que intensificam o envolvimento do estado nas correspondentes interações. Algumas repercussões tanto no plano institucional como empresarial fazem-se notar, em processo que introduz um ingrediente a mais no debate sobre o desenvolvimento regional em terras catarinenses.
Turismo e pedestrianismo: reflexões acerca da Via Algarviana/Portugal
Authors: Santos Jean Carlos Vieira , Medeiros Wilton De Araújo , Druciaki Vinicius Polzin
Published: May 2017

No presente artigo se aborda o pedestrianismo como oferta complementar aos produtos “turismo e sensibilização ecológica e cultural” no destino turístico internacional Algarve, sul de Portugal, num projeto desenvolvido pela Associação de Defesa do Patrimônio Cultural e Ambiental do Algarve (ALMARGEM). Esse trabalho tem assumido relevância nas primeiras décadas do século XXI, no contexto do destino turístico e da cidade de Loulé (Portugal), sede da referida Organização Não Governamental (ONG). A experiência tem como chave interpretativa o desdobramento das reflexões acerca da inovação estratégica do produto “pedestrianismo”, praticado no percurso denominado Via Algarviana. Esta é uma rota pedestre que liga a cidade de Alcoutim ao Cabo de São Vicente (Vila do Bispo), com extensão de 300 km – tal aspecto é resultado de uma investigação de fontes escritas, orais e de páginas da internet. Ademais, há uma análise teórica do turismo na conjuntura da sustentabilidade, a partir da obra portuguesa “Compêndio de Economia Regional” (SILVA; PERNA, 2005).
Revista Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 10, número 1, janeiro-abril de 2017.
Authors: Bahl Miguel
Published: May 2017

Capa para compor opção de versão impressa.
A case of renal cell carcinoma in a patient with situs inversus: Operative considerations and a review of the literature
Authors: Oake Justin , Drachenberg Darrel
Published: May 2017

Situs inversus, an uncommon mirror-image reversal of the major visceral and thoracic organs, is seldom of medical significance. However, the recognition of their unique anatomy is extremely important for those requiring surgical intervention. There are very few reported cases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) developing in people with situs inversus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in Canada. A review of the literature only identified nine published cases worldwide. Here, we review and summarize pertinent information, including patient age and sex, size and location of tumour, method of surgery, and pathology. Our case, a 65-yearold male, presented with left flank pain and gross hematuria. He was diagnosed with left renal cancer as well as tumour thrombus extending into the left renal veins and inferior vena cava (IVC), clinical T3aN0M0. An abdomen and pelvis computed tomography (CT) scan showed a left-to-right reversal of his organs, a mirrorimage, and situs inversus was diagnosed. A left radical nephrectomy with left renal vein and IVC tumour thrombectomy through a left open midline incision was performed.
Response of renal cell carcinoma to ibrutinib, a bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in a patient treated for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Hosier Gregory W. , Touma Naji J.
Published: May 2017

Ibrutinib is a bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor approved for B cell malignancies. Although there are currently two clinical trials evaluating ibrutinib in combination with nivolumab (programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1, inhibitor) or everolimus (mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, inhibitor) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), there are no reports of RCC (metastatic or non-metastatic) showing response to a BTK inhibitor in humans. Here we report a 22-month clinical response of biopsy-proven RCC to ibrutinib. This is unexpected, given that BTK is not wellimplicated in RCC pathophysiology. We explore a possible mechanism for the response of RCC to ibrutinib through inhibition of interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) leading to enhanced antitumour immune responses.
Appendix: Executive summary of CUA guideline on adult overactive bladder
Authors: Corcos Jacques , Przydacz Mikolaj , Campeau Lysanne , Gray Gary , Hickling Duane , Honeine Christiane , Radomski Sidney B. , Stothers Lynn , Wagg Adrian
Published: May 2017

N/A
Реклама і мовні штампи (соціолінгвістичне дослідження)
Authors: Dyadechko Lyudmila
Published: May 2017

This paper presents the data obtained as a result of socio-linguistic studies which were
directed to the determination of the advertisement infl uence peculiarities on the verbal tastes
of the modern Ukrainian society communicants . The trends that have been formed in the
senses of the Ukrainian speech modern carriers under the infl uence of the advertisement
are revealed. The conclusions are as follows: since the beginning of the XXI century advertisement
has become a loaded indicator of not only social processes, but also of a national
communicative culture component, by creating a great number of colloquial stamps.
Лексичний повтор в аксіологічних комунікативних актах персонажів
у художньому тексті (на матеріалі сучасної української малої прози)
Authors: Finniv Victoria
Published: May 2017

The article establishes the role of the repeated nominations in the development and
implementation of a strategic-tactical narrative of a character. It also describes the conception
of estimation as well as analyzes the essence of “Evaluative-shaped nomination,”
“axiological strategy and tactics,” and “estimates speech act”. Moreover, the paper presents
a typology of communication strategies and tactics, determines the role of repeated lexemes
in formulating and implementing assessment in the expression of dominant and recessive
assessment
Дослідження галузевих терміносистем в українському термінознавстві (2000–2015)
Authors: Kochan Irina
Published: May 2017

The article presents research results of the Ukrainian studies terminology material collected in the period between 2000–2015. The author reviews abstracts of the Ukrainian terminology dissertations. The subject of the review are termsystems description tendencies, criteria of their formation assessment, their lingual and spoken peculiarities, as well as scientifi c fi elds processing degree and language improvement criteria. The goal is to analyze the above-mentioned abstracts, to evaluate diff erent aspects of termsystem descriptions as well as to fi nd out the degree of the processed scientifi c fi elds outlining a prospect for further research. Each scientifi c fi eld has its own establishment history, peculiarities of termsystem construction in themes and structure as well as advantages of one or another scientifi c language construction concepts and models. The material is provided by scientifi c vectors: science and technology terminology, economic, medical terminology, etc. Scientifi c areas that attract Ukrainian researchers and perspectives of the term analysis are indicated. Since 2000 until today, there have been defended more than 100 dissertations which describe nearly 50 scientific vectors.
Стилістична різнорідність текстів
у процесі вивчення
української мови як іноземної
Authors: Sanievska Marta
Published: May 2017

The aim of this paper is to show the stylistic diff erentiation of texts in teaching Ukrainian
as a foreign language. Basing on the texts from diff erent student books, as well as
those the author uses herself, the paper analyzes diff erences on each level trying to describe
what should be in texts, what the teacher should modify and how to work with diff erent
types of materials.
The situation in Ukraine is the reason for a growing interest in this country and its
language. This is the reason for the growing need for new students books, texts books and
materials being interesting and modern which enable students to learn the language. Therefore,
the author provide the readers with the suggestions how to prepare texts for foreign
language students and how to work with the materials, such as articles, books, poems etc.
Суб’єктна організація сучасної
монодрами як основний носій жанру
Authors: Bortnik Zhanna
Published: May 2017

In this paper the main features of modern monodramа with the help of “system-subjective”
method of research are overviewed. This method refers to the fore mono-subjective
organization оf monodrama through the implementation of the external shared consciousness
of a single entity action. It is noted that the loss of integrity monodrama for
consciousness is linked to an internal confl ict I / I-Other, where I-Other object is to study
the character. Subject of the action in this genre embodies and articulates one individual consciousness, consciousness corresponds to one subject, several characters can display
images of their divided consciousness.. Lyric monodrama demonstrates the implementation
of principles through the explicit manifestation of epic principles through the implicit
expression of the author’s mind. The internal dialectical contradiction lies at the heart of
the genre – the only divided consciousness character and attraction to epic / lyrical – cause
the modification and transformation of modern monodrama.
Способи епізації лірики у творчості
Василя Слапчука
Authors: Chui Sergey
Published: May 2017

This article reviews current basic methods of lyrics episation in the context of literary
genres and forms evolution. The role of the poetry size accompanied by epic characteristics,
such as diff erent descriptions, additional characters and plot elements are discussed.
The study analyzes poetry peculiarities caused by narration, in particular, the narrator type
and narrative. The author uses the narrator typology, proposed by W. Schmid. The poetry
composition peculiarities related to the plot are defi ned. The article reveals the uniqueness
of time and spatial relations and the function of descriptions and additional characters in
poetry. It also investigates the infl uence of genres characters borrowed from traditional
epic on the generic nature of poetry. The correlation of certain poetries with the genres of
parables, fairy tales and fables are partially examined.
Між віршем і прозою: специфіка
перехідних жанрів в сучасній
українській літературі
Authors: Kytsan Olena
Published: May 2017

The article analyses the poetry where verse and prose, two varieties of artistic language
organization, cooperate closely. Modern poetry is open for experiments. For this reason
many authors allow themselves to combine poetic and prosaic elements in one text. As
a result, we get texts that carry a double emotional loading. Among such texts there are
rhyme metrical prose, strophic prose, verse in prose, vers libre and pollymetric constructions
that combine verse and prose.
Od Połtawy do Odessy.
Wiera Chołodnaja – fenomen gwiazdy
kina niemego
Authors: Roguska Julia
Published: May 2017

This article introduces the profi le of Vera Kholodnaya – a silent fi lm actress. The work
of the artist, once regarded as one of the biggest stars of the Russian cinema, today is
somewhat forgotten. One of the causes of Kholodnaya’s achievements is the fact that most
of the fi lms with her participation have not survived to our times. After Bolsheviks came
to power, the legacy of the actress, like that of many other fi lmmakers of the pre-revolutionary
era, sank to oblivion.
The article is an attempt to outline the most important stages of Kholodnaya’s life and
artistic activity. The author focuses on the Ukrainian context of the actress’s life, which is
usually ignored by researchers in their analysis. Most of them consider Kholodnaya solely
a Russian actress (due to the fact that she was featured primarily in the Russian fi lm production).
Her adherence to the Ukrainian culture is not only proved by her origin. The
evidence of her emotional attachment to Ukraine is also proved by the fact that the last
year of her life she spent in Kiev, Kharkov and Odessa performing in the theatre and
cinema.
The article analyses the causes of Kholodnaya’s popularity phenomenon who is often
compared to today’s famous fi lm stars. This paper is an attempt to show the actress not
only as «the queen of the screen» (as she was perceived by her contemporaries), but also
as a remarkable woman, the inspiration for directors, actors and multitude of her admirers,
for whom she was a role model.
Evaluation of the Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) for Student Teacher Approaches to Learning
Authors: Martinelli Victor , Raykov Milosh
Published: May 2017

A deep approach to learning is essential for student academic achievement and several studies demonstrate a significant association between such an approach to learning and student academic performance. However, findings from some empirical studies in this domain are inconsistent and the main objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of application of the Biggs (2001) Revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) for the diagnosis and monitoring of teacherstudent approaches to learning. Also, the aim of this study was to examine the association of the different approaches to learning with student reading habits and literacy skills. The sample included 202 undergraduate teacher education students. The study found that both, male and female students at the year of study have similar deep and surface approaches to learning. This initial evaluation of the R-SPQ-2F indicates that the questionnaire has acceptable internal consistency and is a promising short instrument for the diagnosis of student teachers′ deep and surface approaches to learning. Results are discussed with reference to a procedure that combines qualitative and quantitative data to increase the diagnostic validity of student learning approaches. Based on the findings of this study, it seems that the R-SPQ-2F scale can be used as a reliable instrument that can help educators diagnose and encourage the development of student teacher approaches to learning, that is a significant contributing factor to their academic performance and teaching practice.
Toward Virtual Business
Authors: Bejleri Emirjeta , Fishta Atrida
Published: May 2017

The Internet has provided traditional retailers a new mean with which to serve customers and today there are two main trends of organizations which flow concurrently. On one hand there is the Traditional Organization, established in between 20th century and on the other is Modern Organization emerged in this ongoing century. Many traditional organizations “bricks-andmortar” have transformed to modern organizations “clicks-and-mortar” by incorporating Internet sales. There are huge differences between these two types. On the other hand the appearance of virtual firms raises the question of what kind of changes they have brought to the analysis of a particular industry and in the choice of a strategy for those particular firms and other firms that have to compete with them. The aim of this paper is to explain shortly through a literature review what the brickand- mortar, click-and-mortar and virtual organizations mean and analyzing with three specific examples how does it changes between them the organization structure, the definition of core functions and the degree of outsourcing, use of power and types of bargaining in dealing with suppliers and customers, and key management functions. In the future we believe that this paper will serve as a base for future research in the area.
The Impact of the SME Financing by MFIs in Albania
Authors: Delija Alma
Published: May 2017

In this research are presented research results from the data collected and studied through direct interviews with farmers and SMEs in Albania. This study aims to analyze the importance of SME financing by MFIs and identify the role of microfinance in their growth and development. Aim remains the determination of the bonding strength and influence of every one of the critical factors to take into analysis. To measure the impact of microcredit critical factors in order to improve the performance of MFIs. These results are generated through an empirical analysis of IMFs in Albania and broke the are-consistent with the theory.
Modelling the Stochastic Behavior of the Pakistan Stock Exchange
Authors: Abida Hafeez
Published: May 2017

This research study examines the stochastic behaviour of stock returns in the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) using the KSE 100 index daily return data from 2011 to 2016. Methodology is based on ARCH family of models such as ARCH, GARCH, GARCH-M EGARCH, EGARCH-M and TARCH/GJR GARCH. These specifications have been used to model the stochastic behaviour of stock return in the Pakistan stock exchange. The most appropriate model is selected on the basis of SIC and AIC selection criteria. Diagnostic checking includes ARCH-LM test and Ljung-Box Q-Statistics. This research study concludes that EGARCH (1, 1) specification explains the stochastic behaviour of the Pakistan stock exchange better than other models undertaken. The results of the study have well-grounded policy implications for market regulators, policy makers and investors.
Analysis of Nutritional Components of Horse Radish Tree Flowers (Moringa oleifera) Wildly Grown in Sindh Province
Authors: Saghir Ahmed Sheikh  , Benish Nawaz Mirani  , Shafi Muhammad Nizamani  , Aijaz Hussain Soomro  , Aasia Akbar Panhwar
Published: May 2017

The present research study was aimed at determining the proximate and mineral composition of horse radish tree flowers by utilizing standard methodologies. The mean moisture content in fresh, thermally dehydrated, curry, shade dried and boiled fresh /processed samples of horse radish tree flowers was 80.98, 5.40, 68.07, 5.84 and 86.26%, respectively. The vegetable had the highest pH, carbohydrates, total solids, nitrogen free extracts and calorific values in thermally dried samples and crude fiber, ash and protein values were higher in shade dried samples. Whereas, fat and total fatty acids were found higher in curry samples. There was a significant presence of dietary essential micro-nutrients. It was therefore revealed that horse radish tree flowers(Moringa oleifera) when consumed in curry form could also be a good source of nutrients. The inclusion of horse radish tree flowers into the diet could potentially address some of the challenges, such as health benefits, food security and increase life expectancy in Sindh, Pakistan.
Geospatial Analysis of Urbanization and its Impact on Land Use Changes in Sargodha, Pakistan
Authors: Omar Riaz  , Huma Munawar  , Muhammad Nasar u Minallah  , Kashif Hameed  , Maryam Khalid
Published: May 2017

The focus of this study is on the application of GIS and remote sensing on urbanization and its impact on land use changes in Sargodha from 1992-2015. Sargodha has witnessed rapid urbanization and due to urban expansion many changes have been detected in the land use of Sargodha. For this study, census data, multi-temporal city maps and multi spectral satellite images are used. Landsat TM 1992 and ETM+ 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 Landsat 8 are classified using supervised classified method (MLC) to produce land use maps. The classification accuracy has been assessed by calculating kappa index of agreement and ground control points were also collected to verify the results. The results indicate that, over the past 24 years there is a growing trend in urban land use while the agricultural land and all other categories are showing a declining trend since 1992. The total increase in urban land use is 25380.8 hectares and it has increased in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 at the rate of 2.2%, 4.1%, 9.2% and 17.4% respectively. This rapid urbanization resulted into loss of agricultural land. While the overall change observed in agricultural land, water area and bare land is -11008.5, -38926.5 and 9492.7 hectares respectively.
An Empirical Study on the Role of Parents in Academic Achievement of Children in Private Schools of Karachi
Authors: Muhammad Yaseen Muhammad Yaseen , Zaman Shah , Rasheed Naveeda
Published: May 2017

This study examines the parental involvement in the academic achievement of the children in Old Golimar, Karachi. The factors included in the study were parental involvement which is measured with; communicating of parents, decision making of parents, friendly behavior of parents, qualification of parents, parents’ schools’ association, parent child interaction, parent teachers’ meetings, to understand the children, solving children problems, helping the children in school works and academic achievement which is measured with; response of children, potential of children, hesitation of children, outcome of children, academic performance, good marks, participation in activities, school work completion, good attendance, being active in class, understanding the lecture and over all factors of parental involvement in the academic performances of the children in Old Golimar, Karachi. After getting the list of total enrollments of schools then the researcher used Raosoft sample size calculator, and got the sample of 165 out of total population, which was 714. Proportionate stratified sampling technique was used and data collected through a structured questionnaire. The results and findings of the whole research show that there is a significant relationship between the parental involvement and the academic achievement of the children.This study examines the parental involvement in the academic achievement of the children in Old Golimar, Karachi. The factors included in the study were parental involvement which is measured with; communicating of parents, decision making of parents, friendly behavior of parents, qualification of parents, parents’ schools’ association, parent child interaction, parent teachers’ meetings, to understand the children, solving children problems, helping the children in school works and academic achievement which is measured with; response of children, potential of children, hesitation of children, outcome of children, academic performance, good marks, participation in activities, school work completion, good attendance, being active in class, understanding the lecture and over all factors of parental involvement in the academic performances of the children in Old Golimar, Karachi. After getting the list of total enrollments of schools then the researcher used Raosoft sample size calculator, and got the sample of 165 out of total population, which was 714. Proportionate stratified sampling technique was used and data collected through a structured questionnaire. The results and findings of the whole research show that there is a significant relationship between the parental involvement and the academic achievement of the children.
EVALUATION OF GLUCURONIDE AND FREE FORMS OF Δ9-TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL LEVELS IN URINE BY MEANS OF ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY – TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Chulovskaya Anna L. , Dikunets Marina A.
Published: May 2017

Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is a lipophilic compound. It is shown that Δ9-THC in human is almost completely metabolized to 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-carboxylic acid (Δ9-THC-COOH) that further is metabolized to Δ9-THC-COOH-glucuronide. Δ9-THC-COOH and Δ9-THC-COOH-glucuronide could be reliable markers of Δ9-THC abuse. Target compounds were extracted from urine by liquid-liquid extraction. Transformation of Δ9-THC-COOH-glucuronide to Δ9-THC-COOH was performed by enzymatic hydrolysis using β-glucuronidase from E. Coli. The urine was directly analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with electrospray ionization using selected reaction monitoring. During method development the optimal sample preparation conditions are suggested and mass-spectrometric parameters of deprotonated Δ9-THC-COOH (m/z 343) molecules detection are shown. Collision energy (CE) and exact S-lens amplitude were determined. It was revealed that registration of negative charges ions at the determination of Δ9-THC-COOH is preferred. Transitions which could increase sensitivity and selectivity of Δ9-THC-COOH determination were selected. It was determined that the transition with m/z 343 → 245 (CE-30 eV) had the largest intensity and minimum interferences with matrix components. Furthermore, concentrations and percentage of both glucuronide and free fractions of Δ9-THC-COOH were calculated. Increasing level of cannabinoids in human organism results in non-proportional changes of Δ9-THC-COOH-glucuronide and free-form concentrations. Thus, when total level of cannabinoids reaches more than 100 ng/ml severe enhancement of free-form is inspected. Forcitation:Chulovskaya А.L., Dikunets М.А. Evaluation of glucuronide and free forms of  Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol levels in urine by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 4. P. 95-99.
Learning to Master the Rules of the Game: A Study of Austrian Diplomats’ Adaptation to the EU
Authors: Angers Kathleen
Published: May 2017

This article analyzes the impact of European Union membership on the practice of diplomacy among new member states. What does it mean, for a diplomat, to move from embodying the nation state to representing a member state? To generate a fine-grained account of the experience of adapting to the EU,I conduct an interview-based study of Austrian diplomats’ adaptation to the EU following their country's accession in 1995.Borrowing from the sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, the interpretation of the data shows the cardinal importance for diplomats of learning to master the rules that have become taken-for-granted in the EU diplomatic field. Learning to deploy effective strategies in a new EU context, I argue, matters significantly more to the successful adaptation of diplomats than being socialized into a new identity does. This empirical finding suggests that the socialization literature in EU studies has not paid enough attention to social practices.
Pollen extracts and constituent sugars increase growth of a trypanosomatid parasite of bumble bees
Authors: Palmer-Young Evan C. , Thursfield Lucy
Published: May 2017

Phytochemicals produced by plants, including at flowers, function in protection against plant diseases, and have a long history of use against trypanosomatid infection. Floral nectar and pollen, the sole food sources for many species of insect pollinators, contain phytochemicals that have been shown to reduce trypanosomatid infection in bumble and honey bees when fed as isolated compounds. Nectar and pollen, however, consist of phytochemical mixtures, which can have greater antimicrobial activity than do single compounds. This study tested the hypothesis that pollen extracts would inhibit parasite growth. Extracts of six different pollens were tested for direct inhibitory activity against cell cultures of the bumble bee trypanosomatid gut parasiteCrithidia bombi. Surprisingly, pollen extracts increased parasite growth rather than inhibiting it. Pollen extracts contained high concentrations of sugars, mainly the monosaccharides glucose and fructose. Experimental manipulations of growth media showed that supplemental monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) increased maximum cell density, while a common floral phytochemical (caffeic acid) with inhibitory activity against other trypanosomatids had only weak inhibitory effects onCrithidia bombi. These results indicate that, although pollen is essential for bees and other pollinators, pollen may promote growth of intestinal parasites that are uninhibited by pollen phytochemicals and, as a result, can benefit from the nutrients that pollen provides.
Intervention effects of five cations and their correction on hemolytic activity of tentacle extract from the jellyfishCyanea capillata
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Qianqian , Xiao Liang , Zhang Liming
Published: May 2017

Cations have generally been reported to prevent jellyfish venom-induced hemolysis through multiple mechanisms by spectrophotometry. Little attention has been paid to the potential interaction between cations and hemoglobin, potentially influencing the antagonistic effect of cations. Here, we explored the effects of five reported cations, La3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+and Fe2+, on a hemolytic test system and the absorbance of hemoglobin, which was further used to measure their effects on the hemolysis of tentacle extract (TE) from the jellyfishCyanea capillata. All the cations displayed significant dose-dependent inhibitory effects on TE-induced hemolysis with various dissociation equilibrium constant (Kd) values as follows: La3+1.5 mM, Mn2+93.2 mM, Zn2+38.6 mM, Cu2+71.9 μM and Fe2+32.8 mM. The transparent non-selective pore blocker La3+did not affect the absorbance of hemoglobin, while Mn2+reduced it slightly. Other cations, including Zn2+, Cu2+and Fe2+, greatly decreased the absorbance withKdvalues of 35.9, 77.5 and 17.6 mM, respectively. After correction, the inhibitoryKdvalues were 1.4 mM, 45.8 mM, 128.5 μM and 53.1 mM for La3+, Zn2+, Cu2+and Fe2+, respectively. Mn2+did not inhibit TE-induced hemolysis. Moreover, the inhibitory extent at the maximal given dose of all cations except La3+was also diminished. These corrected results from spectrophotometry were further confirmed by direct erythrocyte counting under microscopy. Our results indicate that the cations, except for La3+, can interfere with the absorbance of hemoglobin, which should be corrected when their inhibitory effects on hemolysis by jellyfish venoms are examined. The variation in the inhibitory effects of cations suggests that the hemolysis by jellyfish venom is mainly attributed to the formation of non-selective cation pore complexes over other potential mechanisms, such as phospholipases A2 (PLA2), polypeptides, protease and oxidation. Blocking the pore-forming complexes may be a primary strategy to improve the in vivo damage and mortality from jellyfish stings due to hemolytic toxicity.
The Winnipeg Mental Health Court: Preliminary Findings on Program Implementation and Criminal Justice Outcomes
Authors: Watts Joshua , Weinrath Michael
Published: May 2017

Mental health courts (MHC) are still relatively new in Canada and there is a dearth of research available regarding program structure and outcomes. This article presents preliminary evaluation findings on the operation of the new Winnipeg MHC program, launched in 2012. In addition to profiling the demographic, legal, and mental health backgrounds of program participants, we use a pretest- post-test design to compare rates of criminal justice involvement (N = 35). Participation in the MHC appeared to reduce justice system contact, supporting at least initial optimism about program efficacy. Greater inclusion of minorities was an area targeted for improvement. Study findings provide partial support for further development and implementation of mental health courts in Canada.
Silica Gels from Coal Fly Ash as Methylene Blue Adsorbent: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Sulistiyo Yudi Aris , Andriana Nida , Piluharto Bambang , Zulfikar Zulfikar
Published: May 2017

A lot of dye pollutants were released in the aquatic environment as waste from industrial coloring process. This research aimed to study silica gels (SG) as a potential adsorbent to remove the dyes. The SG can be synthesized from coal fly ash (FA), which is industrial solid waste rarely utilized, using the sol-gel method. Its properties were then characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, and isothermal ads-des N2. As a result, FTIR spectra and XRD diffractogram exhibited the successfully SG synthesized from FA with the amorphous structure. The image analysis using SEM demonstrated that SG particles are spherical. The isotherm type, based on isotherm ads-des N2, is type II without hysteresis loop which represents the nonporous material SG with the surface area and pore diameter of 25.977 m2/g and 1.52 nm, respectively. The adsorption capacity performance of SG to remove methylene blue (MB) as a basic dye is 62.70 % which is higher than FA, following Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The kinetics of adsorption rate of SG are based on the pseudo second order models accelerated by 3.37 times faster than FA.
Preparation, Characterization, and Activation of Co-Mo/Y Zeolite Catalyst for Coal Tar Conversion to Liquid Fuel
Authors: Anggoro Didi Dwi , Buchori Luqman , Silaen Giveni Christina , Utami Resti Nur
Published: May 2017

One of many efforts to convert coal tar into alternative liquid fuel is by hydrocracking. This research aims to determine the impregnation of Co-Mo/Y zeolite, its characteristics, the effect of impregnation temperature and time, and also the best Co-Mo/Y zeolite impregnation condition for the conversion of coal tar. This research was conducted in several steps, impregnating Co from Co(NO3)2.6H2O and Mo from (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O into Zeolite Y in liquid media, drying at 100 °C for 24 hours, and calcination at 550 °C for 3 hours. Coal tar was then reacted with hydrogen gas (as a reactant), and Co-Mo/Zeolite Y (as a catalyst) was conducted at 350 °C. Characteristic analysis showed that Co and Mo had impregnated into the Y zeolite, as well as it made no change of catalyst’s structure and increased the total acidity. The higher of impregnation temperature was increased the catalyst crystallinity, total acidity, and yield of gasoline. The longer impregnation time was reduced crystallinity value, but total acidity and yield were increased. GC analysis showed that products included into the gasoline product (C8, C9, and C10).
Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles using Aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Extract, and Its Interaction Study with Melamine
Authors: Yulizar Yoki , Ariyanta Harits Atika , Abduracman Lingga
Published: May 2017

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been successfully prepared by green synthesis method using aqueous extract of garlic with the Latin name of Allium sativum L. (ASL) as a reducing and stabilizing agents. Identification of active compounds in aqueous ASL extract was conducted by phytochemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, while the synthesized AuNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscopy-selected area electron diffraction (TEM-SAED). The AuNPs formation was optimized at aqueous ASL extract concentration of 0.05%, HAuCl4 concentration of 2.0×10-4 M, and pH of 3.6. The optimized AuNPs was characterized   using TEM, and has a spherical shape with particle size of 15±3 nm. The particles were also stable up until one month. The synthesized AuNPs has been studied its interaction with melamine, and showed the optimum pH of interaction at 3.6.
Oxidation Kinetics of Propane-Air Mixture over NiCo2O4 Catalyst Emitted from LPG Vehicles
Authors: Trivedi Suverna , Prasad Ram , Chadha S.
Published: May 2017

This paper describes the kinetics of catalytic air oxidation of propane. The kinetics data were collected in a plug flow tubular reactor. The experiments were performed over the NiCo2O4 catalyst prepared by co-precipitation method followed by calcination at 400 oC. The kinetic data were collected under the following conditions: 200 mg of catalyst, 2.5 % of propane in air, total flow rate of 60 mL/min, and temperature ranges of 130-170 oC. The data were fitted to the power law rate equation. The activation    energy and frequency factor were found to be 59.3 kJ/g mol and 2.9×108 (mol)0.47.L0.53/g cat.h, respectively.
Kinetics of Oxidative Depolymerization of κ-carrageenan by Ozone
Authors: Prasetyaningrum Aji , Ratnawati Ratnawati , Jos Bakti
Published: May 2017

Depolymerization kinetics of κ-carrageenan by ozone treatment has been studied at various pHs and times. The purified κ-carrageenan with the initial molecular weight of 271 kDa was dispersed in water to form (1 % w/v) solution. Ozone with 80±2 ppm concentration and constant flow rate of 3 L.min-1 was bubbled into the κ-carrageenan solution. The experiments were conducted at pH of 3, 7, and 10 at     different times (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes) of ozonation. The viscosity of the solution was measured   using Ubbelohde capillary viscometer, which was then used to find the number-average molecular weight by Mark-Houwink equation. The number-average molecular weight data was treated using zero, first, and the second-order reaction kinetics model, to obtain the kinetics of κ-carrageenan depolymerization. The depolymerization is assumed to occur by random scission. The results show that the kinetics rate constant of κ-carrageenan depolymerization is higher at lower pHs. The second-order model is more suitable for describing the kinetics of depolymerization of κ-carrageenan by ozonation process. The rate constants for the second-order kinetics model are 5.45×10-4 min-1, 1.27×10-4 min-1, and 7.21×10-5 min-1 for pH 3, 7, and 10, respectively. The actual values of reaction order under acid and    alkali conditions are ranging from 1.88 to 1.90.
Direct Synthesis of Highly Crystalline ZSM-5 from Indonesian Kaolin
Authors: Hartati Hartati , Widati Alfa Akustia , Dewi Tanti Kartika , Prasetyoko Didik
Published: May 2017

Direct synthesis of ZSM-5 from Indonesian kaolin without calcination for the formation of metakaolin was done through the addition of an alkaline solution (sodium fluoride and sodium hydroxide) and the fusion using sodium hydroxide. Crystallization was conducted through hydrothermal method at 80 °C for four days. XRD diffractogram and FTIR spectra showed that the addition of sodium fluoride solution in the ratio Si/Al = 100 could produce highly crystalline ZSM-5, whereas the use of a sodium hydroxide solution and fusion process did not produce the crystalline ZSM-5.
TOR complex 1 regulates the yeast plasma membrane proton pump and pH and potassium homeostasis
Authors: Mahmoud Shima , Planes María Dolores , Cabedo Marc , Trujillo Cristina , Rienzo Alessandro , Caballero‐Molada Marcos , Sharma Sukesh C. , Montesinos Consuelo , Mulet José Miguel , Serrano Ramón
Published: May 2017

We have identified in yeast a connection between two master regulators of cell growth: a biochemical connection involving the TORC1 protein kinase (which activates protein synthesis, nutrient uptake, and anabolism) and a biophysical connection involving the plasma membrane proton‐pumping H+‐ATPase Pma1 (which drives nutrient and K+ uptake and regulates pH homeostasis). Raising the temperature to nonpermissive values in a TOR thermosensitive mutant decreases Pma1 activity. Rapamycin, a TORC1 inhibitor, inhibits Pma1 dependent on its receptor Fpr1 and on the protein phosphatase Sit4, a TORC1 effector. Mutation of either Sit4 or Tco89, a nonessential subunit of TORC1, decreases proton efflux, K+ uptake, intracellular pH, cell growth, and tolerance to weak organic acids. Tco89 does not affect Pma1 activity but activates K+ transport.
The impact of changing wind speeds on gas transfer and its effect on global air‐sea CO2 fluxes
Authors: Wanninkhof R. , Triñanes J.
Published: May 2017

An increase in global wind speeds over time is affecting the global uptake of CO2 by the ocean. We determine the impact of changing winds on gas transfer and CO2 uptake by using the recently updated, global high‐resolution, cross‐calibrated multiplatform wind product (CCMP‐V2) and a fixed monthly pCO2 climatology. In particular, we assess global changes in the context of regional wind speed changes that are attributed to large‐scale climate reorganizations. The impact of wind on global CO2 gas fluxes as determined by the bulk formula is dependent on several factors, including the functionality of the gas exchange‐wind speed relationship and the regional and seasonal differences in the air‐water partial pressure of CO2 gradient (ΔpCO2). The latter also controls the direction of the flux. Fluxes out of the ocean are influenced more by changes in the low‐to‐intermediate wind speed range, while ingassing is impacted more by changes in higher winds because of the regional correlations between wind and ΔpCO2. Gas exchange‐wind speed parameterizations with a quadratic and third‐order polynomial dependency on wind, each of which meets global constraints, are compared. The changes in air‐sea CO2 fluxes resulting from wind speed trends are greatest in the equatorial Pacific and cause a 0.03–0.04 Pg C decade−1 increase in outgassing over the 27 year time span. This leads to a small overall decrease of 0.00 to 0.02 Pg C decade−1 in global net CO2 uptake, contrary to expectations that increasing winds increase net CO2 uptake.
Influence of dry‐season vegetation variability on Sahelian dust during 2002–2015
Authors: Kergoat L. , Guichard F. , Pierre C. , Vassal C.
Published: May 2017

The drivers of dust emission interannual variability in North Africa, the largest dust source on Earth, are still debated. Early studies outlined the role of previous‐season rainfall and vegetation growth, while some recent studies emphasize the role of wind variability. Here we use a newly developed estimation of dry‐season nonphotosynthetic vegetation cover in the Sahel based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) short‐wave infrared bands over the 2002–2015 period. The vegetation growth anomalies caused by variability of rainfall in June–September translate to anomalies of dry vegetation cover that persist throughout the dry season until May. These vegetation anomalies explain 43% (50%) of the year‐to‐year variance in Sahelian‐mean dry‐season aerosol optical depth (AOD) as derived from MODIS Deep Blue (Sun photometers). Similar explained variance is found with 10 m wind speed and dust uplift potential. The central Sahel proves more important than the western Sahel for dry‐season AOD variability.