bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nitration of Some 4,6‐Dimethoxyindoles.
Authors: Jones Ashley W. , Purwono Bambang , Bowyer Paul K. , Mitchell Peter S. R. , Kumar Naresh , Nugent Stephen J. , Jolliffe Katrina A. , Black David StC.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intermolecular Coupling Reaction of Cyclic Amines and Alkenes Catalyzed by a Ruthenium‐Hydride Complex (PCy3)2(CO)RuHCl.
Authors: Yi Chae S. , Yun Sang Young , Guzei Ilia A.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mono‐ and Bis(tetrathiafulvaleno)hexadehydro[12]annulenes.
Authors: Hara Kenji , Hasegawa Masashi , Kuwatani Yoshiyuki , Enozawa Hideo , Iyoda Masahiko
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Baylis—Hillman Reaction Assisted Synthesis of Substituted 5,8‐Dihydroisoxazolo[4,5‐c]azepin‐4‐ones: A Novel Isoxazole‐Annulated Heterocycle.
Authors: Batra Sanjay , Roy Amrendra K.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Reaction of α‐Lithiated Thiazolidines as New Chiral Formyl Anion Equivalents.
Authors: Wang Libo , Nakamura Shuichi , Ito Yuji , Toru Takeshi
Published: February 2005

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A Concise Synthesis of N‐(1,3‐Thiazol‐2‐yl) Indoline‐5‐sulfonic Acids and Sulfonyl Chlorides.
Authors: Zhang Mingbao , Dally Robert , Bullock William
Published: February 2005

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Alkylation of Hydroxy Derivatives of 3‐(4‐Methoxyphenyl)‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles with Chloromethyloxirane.
Authors: Tyrkov A. G. , Yumakina E. I.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Origins of “on—off” Fluorescent Behavior of 8‐Hydroxyquinoline Containing Chemosensors.
Authors: Bronson R. Todd , Montalti Marco , Prodi Luca , Zaccheroni Nelsi , Lamb Randy D. , Dalley N. Kent , Izatt Reed M. , Bradshaw Jerald S. , Savage Paul B.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The First Samarium(II)‐Mediated Aryl Radical Cyclization onto an Aromatic Ring.
Authors: Ohno Hiroaki , Iwasaki Hiroki , Eguchi Toru , Tanaka Tetsuaki
Published: February 2005

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Synthesis of 2,9‐Diacyl‐1,10‐phenanthrolines.
Authors: Krapcho A. Paul , Ali Akbar
Published: February 2005

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Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Thiadiazolo‐pyrimidin‐2‐thiones.
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Bala Shashi , Mishra Akkal Deo
Published: February 2005

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[(L)Proline]2Zn Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Condition.
Authors: Sivamurugan V. , Deepa K. , Palanichamy M. , Murugesan V.
Published: February 2005

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Synthesis of New Dipyridylphenylaminosiloles for Highly Emissive Organic Electroluminescent Devices.
Authors: Aubouy Laurent , Gerbier Philippe , Huby Nolwenn , Wantz Guillaume , Vignau Laurence , Hirsch Lionel , Janot Jean‐Marc
Published: February 2005

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Synthesis and in vitro Photodynamic Activity of New Hexadeca‐Carboxy Phthalocyanines.
Authors: Choi Chi‐Fung , Tsang Po‐Ting , Huang Jian‐Dong , Chan Elaine Y. M. , Ko Wing‐Hung , Fong Wing‐Ping , Ng Dennis K. P.
Published: February 2005

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Terpenoids from the Liverwort Blepharostoma trichophyllum.
Authors: Feld Hildegard , Zapp Josef , Connolly Joseph D. , Becker Hans
Published: February 2005

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Clerodane‐Type Diterpenoids from Nannoglottis ravida.
Authors: Qin Hai‐Lin , Li Zhi‐Hong
Published: February 2005

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Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Infuscol A and (.+‐.)‐Cuprenenol.
Authors: Srikrishna A. , Satyanarayana G.
Published: February 2005

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Selective Oxidation of Betulin for the Preparation of Betulinic Acid, an Antitumor Compound.
Authors: Pichette Andre , Liu Hongyan , Roy Christian , Tanguay Steve , Simard Francois , Lavoie Serge
Published: February 2005

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A Concise Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Sporochnol A
Authors: Shan Shaojun , Ha Chengyong
Published: February 2005

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Synthesis of Antitumor Phosphatidylinositol Analogues from Glucose by the Use of Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis.
Authors: Andresen Thomas L. , Skytte Dorthe M. , Madsen Robert
Published: February 2005

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1,2,4‐Triazines in Organic Synthesis. Part 27. Microwave‐Induced Solid‐Supported Fischer Indolization, a Key Step in the Total Synthesis of the Sempervirine Type Methoxy Analogues.
Authors: Lipinska Teodozja
Published: February 2005

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Urate Oxidation in CSF and Blood of Patients with Inflammatory Disorders of the Nervous System
Authors: Becker B. F. , Kastenbauer S. , Koedel U. , Kiesl D. , Pfister H. W.
Published: February 2005

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Thymidine Phosphorylase Deficiency Causes MNGIE: An Autosomal Recessive Mitochondrial Disorder
Authors: Hirano M. , Marti R. , Spinazzola A. , Nishino I. , Nishigaki Y.
Published: February 2005

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Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency — First British Case
Authors: Marinaki A. M. , Champion M. , Kurian M. A. , Simmonds H. A. , Marie S. , Vincent M. F. , van den Berghe G. , Duley J. A. , Fairbanks L. D.
Published: February 2005

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Modulation of Glycogen Phosphorylase Activity Affects 5‐Phosphoribosyl‐1‐pyrophosphate Availability in Rat Hepatocyte Cultures
Authors: Boer Pnina , Sperling Oded
Published: February 2005

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Cyclase and Phosphodiesterase Activity on Pre‐T Lymphoid Human Cells, Treated with Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
Authors: Di Pietrantonio F. , Di Matteo E. , Di Nicola M. , Trubiani O. , Di Primio R. , Serra E. , Spoto G.
Published: February 2005

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Biochemical and Molecular Genetic Correlation in Adenylosuccinate Lyase Deficiency
Authors: Salerno C. , Crifo C.
Published: February 2005

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6‐[2‐(Phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]‐2,4‐diaminopyrimidines: A New Class of Acyclic Pyrimidine Nucleoside Phosphonates with Antiviral Activity
Authors: Balzarini J. , Pannecouque C. , Naesens L. , Andrei G. , Snoeck R. , De Clercq E. , Hockova D. , Holy A.
Published: February 2005

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Acylated Flavonoids and Phenol Glycosides from Veronica thymoides Subsp. pseudocinerea.
Authors: Saracoglu Iclal , Varel Mehtap , Harput U. Sebnem , Nagatsu Akito
Published: February 2005

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Revised Chirality of the Acyl Group of 8′‐O‐(3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl)‐8′‐hydroxyabscisic Acid.
Authors: Kamo Tsunashi , Hirai Nobuhiro , Matsumoto Chiaki , Ohigashi Hajime , Hirota Mitsuru
Published: February 2005

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Novel Antifungal Polyene Amides from the Myxobacterium Cystobacter fuscus: Isolation, Antifungal Activity and Absolute Structure Determination
Authors: Kundim Bangi A. , Itou Yu , Sakagami Youji , Fudou Ryosuke , Yamanaka Shigeru , Ojika Makoto
Published: February 2005

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Synthesis of the ABCD And ABCDE Ring Systems of Azaspiracid‐1.
Authors: Zhou Xiao‐Ti , Carter Rich G.
Published: February 2005

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Preparation of Small‐Sized Particles of Eu2+‐Activated Barium Magnesium Aluminate Phosphors.
Authors: Han Sang‐Do , Han Chi‐Hwan
Published: February 2005

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The Role of Heteroepitaxy in the Development of New Thin‐Film Oxide‐Based Functional Materials
Authors: Kaul A. R. , Gorbenko O. Yu. , Kamenev A. A.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structural and Microstructural Features of Functional Materials Based on Cuprates and Manganites
Authors: Tretyakov Yu. D. , Goodilin E. A. , Peryshkov D. V. , Itkis D. M.
Published: February 2005

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Synthesis of Functional Nanocomposites Based on Solid‐Phase Nanoreactors
Authors: Tretyakov Yu. D. , Lukashin A. V. , Eliseev A. A.
Published: February 2005

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Semiconducting Clathrates: Synthesis, Structure and Properties
Authors: Kovnir K. A. , Shevelkov A. V.
Published: February 2005

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Transition Metal Complexes in Organic Synthesis. Part 73. Synthetic Routes to Naturally Occurring Furocarbazoles
Authors: Froehner Wolfgang , Krahl Micha P. , Reddy Kethiri R. , Knoelker Hans‐Joachim
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Review on Recent Developments in Synthesis of the Post‐Secodine Indole Alkaloids. Part 1. The Primary Alkaloid Types
Authors: Hajicek Josef
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phosphorus Macrocycles and Cryptands
Authors: Bauer I. , Habicher W. D. , Antipin I. S. , Sinyashin O. G.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Advances in the Chemistry of Thiazolidinediones as Antidiabetic Agents
Authors: Ghosh Narendra Nath , Gupta Dipti , Chaudhary Jyoti , Chand Sulekh , Dass Sujata K. , Chandra Ramesh
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,2,3‐Oxadiazoles
Authors: Gilchrist T. L.
Published: February 2005

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Development of Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions via Chiral Palladium Enolates
Authors: Hamashima Yoshitaka , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: February 2005

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Intermolecular C—H Insertions of Donor/Acceptor‐Substituted Rhodium Carbenoids: A Practical Solution for Catalytic Enantioselective C—H Activation
Authors: Davies Huw M. L. , Loe Oeystein
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dehydrative Glycosidation and Partially Benzylated Sugar Derivatives
Authors: Koto Shinkiti , Hirooka Motoko
Published: February 2005

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Systematic Synthesis Antitumor Annonaceous Acetogenins
Authors: Kojima Naoto
Published: February 2005

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Reductive Elimination of Phosphide Units: The Basis of a General Approach to a Range of Alloys and Materials
Authors: Garcia Felipe , Hopkins Alexander D. , Pask Christopher M. , Woods Anthony D. , Wright Dominic S.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
β‐Pyrrole‐Brominated meso‐Tetraphenylporphyrins: Synthesis, Spectral and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Ou Zhongping , Shao Jianguo , D'Souza Francis , Tagliatesta Pietro , Kadish Karl M.
Published: February 2005

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Porphyrins with Fused Exocyclic Rings
Authors: Graca M. , Vicente H. , Smith Kevin M.
Published: February 2005

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Fragmentation‐Related Phosphinylation and Phosphonylation of Nucleophiles Utilizing the Bridging P‐Unit of 2‐Phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐ene Derivatives
Authors: Keglevich Gyoergy , Szelke Helga , Kovacs Janos
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Diphosphinines
Authors: Yoshifuji M. , Ito S.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxadiphospholes and Their Analogues
Authors: Collier S. J.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enone Cycloadditions and Rearrangements: Photoreactions of Dienones and Quinones
Authors: Horspool William M.
Published: February 2005

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Synthesis of Pyran and Pyranone Natural Products
Authors: Donner Christopher D. , Gill Melvyn , Tewierik Leonie M.
Published: February 2005

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Two‐Photon Photopolymerization and 3D Lithographic Microfabrication
Authors: Sun Hong‐Bo , Kawata Satoshi
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalysis of Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions in Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Zakharova L. Ya. , Mirgorodskaya A. B. , Zhil'tsova E. P. , Kudryavtseva L. A. , Konovalov A. I.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photonics of Supramolecular Nanostructures
Authors: Alfimov M. V.
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Weakly Aligned Biological Macromolecules in Dilute Aqueous Liquid Crystals
Authors: Annila Arto , Permi Perttu
Published: February 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Volatile constituents of Salvia spinosa L. from Iran
Authors: Nik Z. Baher , Mirza M.
Published: February 2005

The essential oil, isolated by steam distillation from the aerial parts of Salvia spinosa L. growing wild in Iran was analysed by GC and GC–MS. Among 29 identiﬁed compounds representing about 99.5% of the oil, the major components were (E)‐β‐ocimene (12.3%), β‐caryophyllene (10.2%) and isopentyl isovalerate (9.5%). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling of inflow boundary conditions for image‐based simulation of cerebrovascular flow
Authors: Oshima Marie , Sakai Hiroyuki , Torii Ryo
Published: February 2005

The goals of this study were to model the secondary flow components of inflow boundary conditions and examine the effects of inflow boundary conditions on cerebral haemodynamics. Finite element simulations were conducted for the curved pipe model and the results were compared with PIV measurements. The vortex structures of secondary flow were modelled in terms of the Dean number, which is a function of curvature and the Reynolds number. The modelled secondary flow was superimposed on the axial velocity profile obtained by ultrasound as the inflow boundary condition. The image‐based simulation was performed for an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery using the modelled inflow boundary conditions. Results of inflow models with and without secondary flow are compared and show differences in flow patterns and wall shear stress distributions depending on the inflow model. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerated cerebral ischemic injury by activated macrophages/microglia after lipopolysaccharide microinjection into rat corpus callosum
Authors: Lee Jae‐Chul , Cho Geum‐Sil , Kim Hye Jin , Lim Ji‐Hye , Oh Yu‐Kyoung , Nam Wonwoo , Chung Jang‐Hyun , Kim Won‐Ki
Published: February 2005

In cerebral ischemic insults, activated inflammatory cells such as microglia and macrophages may be implicated in the pattern and degree of ischemic injury by producing various bioactive mediators. In the present study, we provide the evidence that activated microglia/macrophages accelerate cerebral ischemic injury by overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). To activate microglia/macrophages, a potent inflammation inducer lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 μg/5 μl) was microinjected into rat corpus callosum. Isolectin B4‐positive microglia/macrophages were abundantly observed in ipsilateral hemisphere at 1 day after LPS injection. RT‐PCR showed that LPS injection induced iNOS mRNA expression mostly in microglia/macrophages, peaking in intensity at 15 h after LPS injection. While ischemic injury was little evoked in control rats by 2‐h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 3‐h reperfusion, it was markedly increased in rats pre‐injected with LPS 1 day before MCAO. However, no significant difference between control and LPS‐pretreated groups was observed after 24‐h reperfusion. The increased ischemic injury in LPS‐treated rats was well correlated with iNOS level expressed over 3 orders of magnitude than in LPS‐untreated rats. Immunohistochemical studies showed that iNOS‐ and nitrotyrosine (a peroxynitrite marker)‐positive cells were prominent throughout the infarct area. NOS inhibitors aminoguanidine or NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine, simultaneously injected with LPS, reduced the iNOS immunoreactivity and infarct volume, especially in penumbra regions. Total glutathione levels in ischemic regions were decreased more in LPS pre‐injected rats than in control ones. Further defining the role of NO in cerebral ischemic insults would provide the rationale for new therapeutic strategies based on modulation of microglial and macrophageal NO production in the brain. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutation analysis of p53, K‐ras, and BRAF genes in colorectal cancer progression
Authors: Calistri Daniele , Rengucci Claudia , Seymour Ian , Lattuneddu Arturo , Polifemo Anna maria , Monti Franco , Saragoni Luca , Amadori Dino
Published: February 2005

Gene mutations in APC, K‐ras, and p53 are thought to be essential events for colorectal cancer development. Recent data seem to indicate that K‐ras and p53 mutations rarely co‐exist in the same tumor, indicating that these alterations do not represent a synergistic evolutionary pathway. Moreover, an inverse relation between K‐ras gene activation and BRAF mutations has been demonstrated, suggesting alternative pathways for colorectal cancer transformation. To reconstruct the chronological modulation of these gene mutations during cell transformation and colorectal cancer progression, mutations of p53, K‐ras, and BRAF genes were analyzed by Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) or sequencing analysis in 100 colorectal cancer samples, evenly distributed among different Dukes' stages. We found mutations in p53, K‐ras, and BRAF genes in 35%, 30%, and 4% of tumors, respectively, and observed a minimal or no co‐presence of these gene alterations. Moreover, the frequency of molecular p53 mutations increased as tumor stage increased, suggesting an important role for this gene in the progression of colorectal cancer. Conversely, K‐ras or BRAF genes were not related to tumor stage or location. These data seem to indicate the absence of a co‐presence of the genes, highlighting the possibility of multiple pathways for colorectal tumor progression. Moreover, mutations in p53, K‐ras, and BRAF are not present in about one‐third of colorectal cancers and therefore other gene mutations need to be investigated to better understand molecular mechanisms at the basis of cell transformation and the progression of colorectal cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction and functional interplay between endoglin and ALK‐1, two components of the endothelial transforming growth factor‐β receptor complex
Authors: Blanco Francisco J. , Santibanez Juan F. , Guerrero‐Esteo Mercedes , Langa Carmen , Vary Calvin P.H. , Bernabeu Carmelo
Published: February 2005

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling in endothelial cells is able to modulate angiogenesis and vascular remodeling, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Endoglin and ALK‐1 are components of the TGF‐β receptor complex, predominantly expressed in endothelial cells, and mutations in either endoglin or ALK‐1 genes are responsible for the vascular dysplasia known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Here we find that the extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of the auxiliary TGF‐β receptor endoglin interact with ALK‐1 (a type I TGF‐β receptor). In addition, endoglin potentiates TGF‐β/ALK1 signaling, with the extracellular domain of endoglin contributing to this functional cooperation between endoglin and ALK‐1. By contrast, endoglin appears to interfere with TGF‐β/ALK‐5 signaling. These results suggest that the functional association of endoglin with ALK‐1 is critical for the endothelial responses to TGF‐β. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enhanced intracellular uptake and inhibition of NF‐κB activation by decoy oligonucleotide released from PLGA microspheres
Authors: De Rosa Giuseppe , Maiuri Maria Chiara , Ungaro Francesca , De Stefano Daniela , Quaglia Fabiana , La Rotonda Maria Immacolata , Carnuccio Rosa
Published: February 2005

Background

Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) transcription factor regulates the expression of genes involved in immune response and inflammation. NF‐κB activity can be efficiently inhibited by double‐stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). In the present study, we investigated the potential of poly(DL‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres as delivery system for an ODN against NF‐κB in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods

Microspheres encapsulating ODN were prepared by the multiple emulsion/solvent evaporation technique and characterised in terms of size, morphology, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release profile. In vitro uptake after 4 h and activity of ODN released from microspheres were evaluated in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS for 24, 48 and 72 h.

Results

We prepared microspheres with a high encapsulation efficiency showing a very slow and almost constant in vitro release of ODN for up to 1 month. ODN slowly released from microspheres translocated better into LPS‐stimulated cells as compared with naked ODN. Incubation of cells with ODN‐encapsulating microspheres resulted in a decrease of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and nitrite production, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, as well as NF‐κB/DNA‐binding activity. Similar results were obtained with naked ODN only at about 80 times higher concentrations.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that PLGA microspheres could be a useful tool to improve pharmacokinetics of a ODN decoy to NF‐κB and may represent a promising strategy to effectively inhibit the transcriptional activity of NF‐κB in inflammatory process. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Welfare, performance and meat quality of fattening pigs in alternative housing and management systems: a review
Authors: Millet Sam , Moons Christel PH , Van Oeckel Monique J , Janssens Geert PJ
Published: February 2005

Conventional husbandry systems for pork production are scrutinized by members of the general public as well as the scientific community. As a response, alternative forms of pig production, such as outdoor housing, organic farming and environmental enrichment are gaining interest. The question arises whether these production systems are indeed able to improve the welfare and health status of the animals, and whether these production systems alter production characteristics and meat or carcass traits. Measures of poor welfare have been described, but evaluating overall welfare is difficult. Certain parameters of alternative housing will improve welfare in some ways but, simultaneously, other welfare problems are inflated, and the weighting of each of these problems is very subjective. Alternative housing systems allow pigs to display species‐specific behaviour and decrease the occurrence of abnormal behaviours by acting on several parameters: indoor versus outdoor housing, floor space/density, floor type, and provision of bedding or other types of environmental enrichment. Evaluating alternative housing systems should be done by looking at all the welfare‐improving factors and the cost of alleviating welfare‐decreasing problems in a given production system. Data in the literature on growth, meat and carcass traits in alternative production systems, are inconsistent, indicating that other factors can play an important role. However, as equal, or in some cases even better, performance can be attained in certain production systems that meet concerns of animal welfare scientists and members of the general public, alternative production forms may be considered preferable. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Selective removal of tannins from medicinal plant extracts using a collagen fiber adsorbent
Authors: Liao Xue‐Pin , Shi Bi
Published: February 2005

A novel adsorbent, used for the selective removal of tannins from medicinal plant extracts, was prepared from bovine skin collagen fiber. Some typical active constituents of medicinal plants were selected as probe molecules to investigate the adsorption selectivity of the collagen fiber adsorbent to tannins. In batch adsorption experiments, the extent of adsorption of condensed tannins, including larch tannin, black wattle tannin and bayberry tannin, was 100%. The extent of adsorption of tannic acid and the hydrolyzable tannins was also 100%. In contrast, for the most active constituents of medicinal plants, their amounts adsorbed by collagen fiber adsorbent were limited. For procyanidin, the common active constituents in medicinal plant extracts, its extent of adsorption was also low, although it has a similar basic structure to condensed tannins. In comparison with traditionally used polyamide adsorbent, the collagen fiber adsorbent exhibited an obvious advantage in adsorption selectivity over tannins. Therefore, this study provides a novel and effective method for selective removal of tannins from medicinal plant extracts. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of storage temperatures and time on shelf‐life of sliced and modified atmosphere packaged Pastırma, a dried meat product, produced from beef
Authors: Aksu Muhammet İrfan , Kaya Mükerrem
Published: February 2005

The effects of modified atmosphere on some physical, chemical and microbiological properties of sliced pastırma made from beef Longissimus dorsi muscle were investigated. Sliced‐pastırma samples (moisture 43.65 ± 0.15%, pH 5.71 ± 0.02) were stored in modified atmosphere packages (50% N2 + 50% CO2) at 4 and 10 °C for 150 days. The storage period had a significant effect (p < 0.01) on moisture, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, free fatty acid, non‐protein nitrogen, water‐soluble nitrogen, colour values and total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Micrococcus/Staphylococcus counts. The storage temperatures (4 and 10 °C) also had a significant effect (p < 0.01) on moisture, pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive subctances, free fatty acid, water soluble nitrogen, a* values, total aerobic bacteria lactic acid bacteria, and Micrococcus/Staphylococcus counts. It was determined that the storage period × the storage temperature interactions had a significant (p < 0.01) effect on the values of pH, a* and the counts of total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Micrococcus/Staphylococcus. It was also observed that the yeast and mold count was the highest in the first storage period and decreased throughout storage. Enterobacteriaceae count was also below the detectable level (<2.00 cfu g−1) throughout the storage period. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Ewing sarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm after acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kim Grace E. , Beach Barbara , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , Murata‐Collins Joyce L. , Rowland Jon M. , O'Donnell Richard J. , Goldsby Robert E.
Published: February 2005

Second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) are being increasingly recognized. This report describes a case of a 7‐year‐old girl with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who presented with a mass in her humerus that was diagnosed as Ewing sarcoma. Second malignant neoplasms are relatively rare in survivors of ALL treated without radiation. Even more unusual is the development of Ewing sarcoma as the SMN. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 45:57–59. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Whole body hyperthermia in adjuvant therapy of children with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Ismail‐zade Reiman S. , Zhavrid Edvard A. , Potapnev Michael P.
Published: February 2005

Whole body hyperthermia (WBH) in combination with chemotherapy has been proven to be effective in some patients with advanced malignancies. However, only limited experience exists regarding the application of WBH with chemotherapy in children. We present the results of applying WBH and chemotherapy in five children with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). WBH (3 hr, 41.8–42.5°C) combined with doxorubicin (50 mg/m2) and interferon‐α (3 MU/m2) were applied to patients after nephrectomy and lymph node dissection. Each patient received three to eight courses of treatment three times weekly. All children tolerated the combined therapy well without complications. Follow‐up of 7–68 months (median: 22 months) showed no tumor progression in patients with locoregional (n = 3) and metastatic (n = 2) disease. WBH with moderate dose doxorubicin and INF‐α might be a feasible treatment option in childhood RCC. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44:679–681. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term medical effects of childhood and adolescent rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study
Authors: Punyko Judith A. , Mertens Ann C. , Gurney James G. , Yasui Yutaka , Donaldson Sarah S. , Rodeberg David A. , Raney R. Beverly , Stovall Marilyn , Sklar Charles A. , Robison Leslie L. , Baker K. Scott
Published: February 2005

Background

This study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of adverse medical conditions and to assess the risk of developing these conditions in a cohort of long‐term survivors of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) diagnosed before age 21.

Procedure

Using data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), we evaluated the incidence of self‐reported adverse medical conditions for 606 RMS survivors and 3,701 siblings of cancer survivors. Cancer and treatment data abstracted from medical records were used to evaluate the effects of primary tumor site and combined modality therapy on the risk of developing sequelae in survivors.

Results

The relative risk (RR) for developing sequelae among survivors compared with siblings was greatest within 5 years after diagnosis. RR was elevated more than 5 years after diagnosis for several conditions (RR, 95% CI) as follows: eye impairment (cataract: 7.4, 2.9–18.9; visual disturbances: 3.2, 2.0–5.1; very dry eyes: 2.0, 1.2–3.3), endocrine impairment (growth hormone deficiency: 83.9, 33.0–213.6; hypothyroidism: 6.9, 4.1–11.3; need for medications to induce puberty: 90.4, 30.2–270.5), cardiopulmonary impairment (congestive heart failure: 43.0, 12.7–145.5; angina‐like symptoms: 2.0, 1.3–2.9), neurosensory impairment (legal blindness: 9.8, 4.8–20.0; abnormal sensations: 1.5, 1.0–2.2), and neuromotor impairment (repeated seizures: 2.3, 1.2–4.4; motor problems: 3.7, 2.2–6.4; problems chewing or swallowing: 3.8, 1.9–7.5).

Conclusions

Survivors are at risk for developing sequelae many years after their initial diagnosis and treatment. Continued medical surveillance is necessary to ensure the long‐term health and well‐being of RMS survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;44:643–653. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cervico‐medullary desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma: An unusual case with diffuse leptomeningeal dissemination at diagnosis
Authors: Milanaccio Claudia , Nozza Paolo , Ravegnani Marcello , Rossi Andrea , Raso Alessandro , Gambini Claudio , Luisa Garrè Maria , Pietsch Torsten
Published: February 2005

Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma (DIG) is a rare intracranial tumor affecting newborns and infants, and generally arising in the supratentorial region. We report a case of an unusual DIG, arising at the cervico‐medullary junction, with diffuse leptomeningeal seeding at diagnosis that was treated with chemotherapy (CT) and delayed partial surgery. The case we describe demonstrates that DIG can occur in the subtentorial region and can show leptomeningeal dissemination like other low‐grade gliomas. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidase activity in cord blood neutrophils: A balance between increased membrane associated cytochrome b558 and deficient cytosolic components
Authors: Chudgar Urmish H. , Thurman Gail W. , Ambruso Daniel R.
Published: February 2005

Introduction

Newborn infants are prone to develop life‐threatening pyogenic infections. Alterations in the function of neonatal phagocytes, including the activity of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase, have been suggested as one cause of increased susceptibility to such infections.

Methods

In the present study, comprehensive analysis of NADPH oxidase enzyme system was performed in cord blood neutrophils from vaginally and cesarean section (CS) delivered, healthy, full‐term infants.

Results

Superoxide anion (O) production by intact neutrophils from cord blood in response to soluble stimuli was equal to or increased compared to levels generated by cells from adult controls. In the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) cell‐free system, cytosol and plasma membrane from cord blood neutrophils generated O at comparable rates to subcellular fractions from healthy adults. However, mixing experiments demonstrated higher O generation with combination of cytosol from adult controls and membrane from cord blood neutrophils and lower O production with combination of cytosol from cord blood neutrophils and membrane from adult controls. Kinetic parameters for cord blood specimens were no different from those obtained for fractions from adult controls. Quantitative analysis of cytosolic components showed moderately reduced amount of p40‐phox, p47‐phox, and p67‐phox in neutrophils from cord blood. In contrast, cytochrome b558 content of plasma membrane of cord blood neutrophils was ∼2‐fold higher compared to adult controls.

Conclusion

The normal to increased respiratory burst of intact cord blood neutrophils is the result of alterations to oxidase components: increased content of cytochrome b558 in the plasma membrane and decreased levels of cytosolic components p47‐phox, p67‐phox, and p40‐phox. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New light‐colored poly(ether imide)s based on 2,5‐di‐tert‐butylhydroquinone bis(ether anhydride) and aromatic diamines
Authors: Yang Chin‐Ping , Hsu Mei‐Yuan
Published: February 2005

A series of poly(ether imide)s (PEIs), IIIa–k, with light color and good physical properties were prepared from 1,4‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxypheoxy)‐2,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzene dianhydride (I) with various aromatic diamines (IIa–k) via a conventional two‐stage procedure that included a ring‐opening polyaddition to yield poly(amic acid)s (PAA), followed by thermal imidization to the PEI. The intermediate PAA had inherent viscosities in the range of 1.00–1.53 dL g−1. Most of the PEIs showed excellent solubility in chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform, and m‐cresol, but did not easily dissolve in dimethyl sulfoxide and amide‐type polar solvents. The III series had tensile strengths of 96–116 MPa, an elongation at break of 7–8%, and initial moduli of 2.0–2.5 GPa. The glass‐transition temperatures (Tg) and softening temperatures (Ts's) of the III series were recorded between 232 and 285 °C and 216–279 °C, respectively. The decomposition temperatures for 10% weight loss all occurred above 511 °C in nitrogen and 487 °C in air. The III series showed low dielectric constants (2.71–3.54 at 1 MHz), low moisture absorption (0.18–0.66 wt %), and was light‐colored with a cutoff wavelength below 380 nm and a low yellow index (b*) values of 7.3–14.8. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1270–1284, 2005
Effects of distortion–rotation of potential energy surfaces on absorption and resonance raman cross sections of trans‐stilbene molecule
Authors: Dehestani M. , Islampour R.
Published: February 2005

The time–correlation function formalism has been used to calculate resonance Raman cross sections and electronic absorption spectra of the trans‐stilbene molecule. The multidimensional time domain integrals that arise in these calculations have been evaluated for the cases in which electronic transitions take place between displaced, displaced–distorted, and displaced–distorted–rotated harmonic potential energy surfaces. The effects of distortions and rotations of potential energy surfaces on absorption, and resonance Raman cross sections are investigated quantitatively. The calculated absorption spectra and resonance Raman cross sections have been compared with the experimental results. Finally, resonance Raman excitation profiles have been simulated for five vibrational modes of trans‐stilbene, assuming the displaced–distorted–rotated harmonic oscillator model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
Linear phosphorus–boron chains: model system with huge electronic first hyperpolarizability
Authors: Jacquemin Denis , Medved′ Miroslav , Perpète Eric A.
Published: February 2005

The longitudinal electronic static first hyperpolarizability of model linear phosphorus–boron chains is investigated using ab initio tools, including dynamic electron correlation corrections. The polymer presents an extremely large first hyperpolarizability (1700 × 10−30 esu per unit cell) that can be rationalized in terms of delocalization and asymmetry (unit cell and chain‐ends contributions). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
A shotgun tandem mass spectrometric analysis of phospholipids with normal‐phase and/or reverse‐phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Houjou Toshiaki , Yamatani Kotoko , Imagawa Masayoshi , Shimizu Takao , Taguchi Ryo
Published: February 2005

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is used in lipidomics studies. The present research established a top‐down liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) shotgun analysis method for phospholipids (PLs) using a normal‐phase column or a C30 reverse‐phase column with the data‐dependent MS/MS scanning mode. A normal‐phase column can separate most of the major different classes of PLs. By using LC/ESI‐MS/MS with a normal‐phase column, approximately 50 molecular species were identified in a PL mixture from rat liver. When the reverse‐phase column was used, the PLs could be separated depending on their hydrophobicity, essentially the length of their fatty acyl chains and the number of unsaturated bonds in them. The LC/ESI‐MS/MS method using a C30 reverse‐phase column was applied to phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) mixtures as test samples. Molecular species with the same molecular mass but with different pairs of fatty acyl chains were separately identified. As a result, about 60 PC and 50 PE species were identified. PLs from rat liver were subjected to LC/ESI‐MS/MS using the C30 reverse‐phase column and about 110 molecular species were identified. Off‐line two‐dimensional LC/ESI‐MS/MS with the normal‐phase and C30 reverse‐phase columns allowed more accurate identification of molecular species by using one‐dimensional C30 reverse‐phase LC/ESI‐MS/MS analysis of the collected fractions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acetonitrile/water gas‐phase reaction products observed by use of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization: adducts formed with sulfonamides
Authors: Ross Charles W. , Coddington Arthur B. , Murphy Joan S. , Wisnoski David D. , Zartman C. Blair , Ramjit Harri G.
Published: February 2005

Electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) are the two most common mass spectrometric ionization methods used in the pharmaceutical industry. However, APCI analysis can sometimes lead to ambiguity in compound characterization and quantitation due to gas‐phase reactions occurring between acetonitrile and water in the plasma, and between these plasma‐generated compounds and the analyte. During the analysis of various sultams and sulfonamides we observed signals corresponding to m/z [M+44]+ and [M+60]+. Various solvent conditions and collisionally activated dissociation MSn experiments revealed that under the high‐energy plasma conditions of APCI, the acetonitrile/water solvent mixture reacts undergoing acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis producing acetamide, 59 Da. Further, the highly reactive 43 Da species ethanimine is also produced. These two compounds, normally not observed in APCI analysis, are stabilized by the sulfonamide and appear as adduct species in the mass spectra. The sulfone oxygens and the lone pair of electrons on the amide nitrogen play a role in stabilizing this adduct. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective detection of thiosulfate‐containing peptides using tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Raftery Mark J.
Published: February 2005

Incubation of proteins or peptides containing disulfide bonds (SS) with sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) cleaves SS bonds producing approximately equimolar amounts of free thiols (SH) and thiosulfates (SSO3H), a process known as sulfitolysis. Proteins and peptides containing thiosulfates were separated by reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and characterized by mass spectrometry (MS) and peptide mapping. The mass of the thiosulfate‐containing peptide formed from oxidized insulin B chain was 3478.02 Da, 80 Da greater than the reduced peptide and corresponding precisely to addition of sulfur trioxide (SO3). Disulfide bond cleavage was also observed using RP‐HPLC and MS after incubation of the intramolecular homodimer of mouse S100A8 (mass 20614 Da). The mass of HPLC‐separated A8‐SH was 10308 Da, and 10388 Da for A8‐SSO3H. Loss of SO3 from multiply charged precursor ions was generally observed at elevated declustering potentials in the source region or within q2 at relatively low collision energies (∼20 V). The characteristic loss of SO3 at low collision energies preceded peptide backbone fragmentations at higher collision energies. Accurate mass measurement and charge‐state discrimination, using a hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer, allowed specific detection of thiosulfate‐containing peptides. An information‐dependent acquisition method, where the switch criterion was loss of m/z 79.9568, specifically identified 11 thiosulfate‐containing peptides using nano‐LC/MS from a tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global and site‐specific detection of human integrin α5β1 glycosylation using tandem mass spectrometry and the StrOligo algorithm
Authors: Ethier Martin , Krokhin Oleg , Ens Werner , Standing Kenneth G. , Wilkins John A. , Perreault Hélène
Published: February 2005

Glycans are oligosaccharides associated with proteins, and are known to confer specific functions and conformations on glycoproteins. As protein tridimensional structures are related to function, the study of glycans and their impact on protein folding can provide important information to the field of proteomics. The subdiscipline of glycomics (or glycoproteomics) is rapidly growing in importance as glycans in proteins have shown to be involved in protein–protein or protein–(drug, virus, antibody) interactions. Glycomics studies most often aim at identifying glycosylation sites, and thus are performed on deglycosylated proteins resulting in loss of site‐specific details concerning the glycosylation. In order to obtain such details by mass spectrometry (MS), either whole glycoproteins must be digested and analyzed as mixtures of peptides and glycopeptides, or glycans must be isolated from glycopeptide fractions and analyzed as pools. This article describes parallel experiments involving both approaches, designed to take advantage of the StrOligo algorithm functionalities with the aim of characterizing glycosylation microheterogeneity on a specific site. A hybrid quadrupole‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight (QqTOF) instrument equipped with a matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source was used. Glycosylation of α5β1 subunits of human integrin was studied to test the methodology. The sample was divided in two aliquots, and glycans from the first aliquot were released enzymatically, labelled with 2‐aminobenzamide, and identified using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and the StrOligo program. The other aliquot was digested with trypsin and the resulting peptides separated by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A specific collected fraction was then analyzed by MS before and after glycan release. These spectra allowed, by comparison, detection of a glycopeptide (several glycoforms) and elucidation of peptide sequence. Compositions of glycans present were proposed, and identification of possible glycan structures was conducted using MS/MS and StrOligo. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of a fluorescent dye to measure secretion from intact bovine anterior pituitary cells
Authors: Stafford Sarah J. V. , Shorte Spencer L. , Schofield J. George
Published: February 2005

The fluorescent dye FM1-43 has been used to indicate membrane changes in individual bovine anterior pituitary cells exposed to secretory stimuli. After ten minutes incubation with FM1-43 (2 μM), cells showed three patterns of dye fluorescence: annular, partly filled and uniformly filled. FM1-43 fluorescence was increased in 61% of the cells by TRH (40 nM), a physiological stimulus for prolactin secretion, and in 89% of the cells by 60 mM external K+. The fluorescence also increased when cells incubated in the presence of quinpirole, a dopamine D2-receptor agonist which inhibits prolactin secretion, were exposed to raclopride, a D-2 antagonist. The increases in FM1-43 fluorescence caused by these treatments suggests that the dye acts as an indicator of secretion, possibly through incorporation into secretory vesicle membranes exposed on the cell surface during exocytosis. If the dye was washed away after loading, the fluorescence of partly and uniformly filled cells was retained and a rise in fluorescence could still be seen on stimulation by TRH. This suggests that some dye had been taken up by endocytosis and trapped in an intracellular compartment, which expanded through membrane recapture after TRH stimulation. FM1-43 could therefore be a useful probe for membrane cycling associated with secretory responses.
The binding of diazepam in the mitochondria of Tetrahymena pyriformis as detected by quantitative high resolution autoradiography
Authors: Fülöp A. K. , Csaba G.
Published: February 2005

Tritiated diazepam accumulates mainly in the mitochondria of the unicellular Tetrahymena. This is the case in both a single (the first encounter) and a repeated (one day or a week after the first) administration of the drug. When imprinting of Tetrahymena by diazepam (the first encounter) is followed a week later by the administration of the labelled drug, the membranes of the vesicles, too, show the appearance of label. Regarding the studies presented here, the unicellular Tetrahymena also contain diazepam receptors in the mitochondria as suggested for cells of higher rank animals.
Hypothesis: Control of hepatic utilization of alanine by membrane transport or by cellular metabolism?
Authors: Christensen Halvor N.
Published: February 2005

The rate of alanine transport into the liver limits its utilization even under the high alanine load resulting from a 90% casein diet, given that the rat has been adapted to that diet. A coordinated acceleration of alanine catabolism allows transport to remain ratelimiting. which in turn allows the adaptive regulation of transport to remain effective at high alanine loads. Accelerated degradation of alanine may change the hepatic amino acid content in a way that derepresses the activity of the alanine carrier system(s).
Reduction of the cytosolic calcium activity in clonal insulin-releasing cells exposed to glucose
Authors: Rorsman Patrik , Berggren Per-Olof , Gylfe Erik , Hellman Bo
Published: February 2005

The cytosolic Ca2+ activity of insulin-releasing clonal cells (RINmSF) was studied with the intracellular fluorescent indicator quin-2. When the extracellular Ca2+ concentration was 1 mM, the basal cytosolic Ca2+ activity was 101±5 nM. Depolarization with 25 mM K+ increased this Ca2+ activity to at least 318 nM, an effect completely reversed by the voltage-dependent channel blocker D-600. In the presence of K+ alone these channels appeared to have a half-life of 6.7±0.8 min. In contrast to the action of K+, exposure of the RINmSF cells to 4 mM glucose resulted in a reduction of the cytosolic Ca2+ activity. This effect was observed during K+ depolarization but was more pronounced under basal conditions when it amounted to 20%. The data provide the first direct evidence that glucose can decrease the cytosolic Ca2+ activity in β-cells. Unlike the case in normal β-cells the glucose effect on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in the RINmSF cells is apparently not sufficient to overcome the intracellular buffering of Ca2+. A defective depolarization is therefore a probable cause of the failing insulin secretion of RINmSF cells exposed to glucose.