bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identificación, clasificación y representación cartográfica de las depresiones kársticas en la Reserva de la Biósfera El Cielo, Tamaulipas, México
Authors: Pantoja Irys Jerjes Rigoberto , Gutiérrez Christian Santillanes , Arista-Cázares Luis Eduardo , Ramírez-Colín Lizbeth , Hernández-García Daniela , Mujica-Sánchez Hugo , Wagner Mark
Published: January 2023

El cambio climático y el crecimiento de la población continúan generando demandas, riesgos y vulnerabilidades importantes para los recursos hídricos. Los acuíferos kársticos representan algunas de las formaciones acuíferas más prolíficas con ecosistemas críticos. Una mayor comprensión de su extensión y características es importante como parte de la planificación urbana para garantizar que se establezcan acciones adecuadas en el futuro para su protección. En este trabajo se han creado mapas temáticos con procedimientos semiautomáticos desarrollando índices morfométricos para la identificación de depresiones kársticas dentro de la sucesión carbonatada de la Reserva de la Biosfera El Cielo en el Estado de Tamaulipas, México. Las herramientas de digitalización se utilizaron para: 1) identificar estructuras; 2) fotointerpretar los valles fluviales kársticos y las depresiones kársticas; 3) definir índices morfométricos para el agrupamiento de depresiones; 4) clasificar a través de parámetros morfométricos; 5) identificar “clusters” de dolinas a través de métodos estadísticos, y 6) generar un catálogo completo de las depresiones kársticas y su cartografía. El procedimiento adoptado identificó 1578 rasgos que incluyen: a) 35 valles fluviales kársticos longitudinales; b) 35 valles fluviales kársticos transversales; c) 3 poljes; d) 17 uvalas, y e) 200 dolinas B y 1288 dolinas A.
Structural Analysis of Airplane Wing Using Composite and Natural Fiber Materials: A Survey
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Pandey Pankaj , Patidar Dr. Lakhan
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Natural fiber-reinforced polymer-based composites are increasingly used in modern society due to their numerous benefits for uses in mechanical engineering. Polymer-based composite materials are widely employed in civil construction, automotive, aerospace, and many other industries due to their many benefits. Natural fibers can be used to create new, highperformance polymer materials because they are affordable, environmentally friendly, renewable, and partially and fully biodegradable. Examples of these fibers include EGR Glass R Glass, Carbon fiber, and S Glass, as well as kenaf, pineapple, sugarcane, hemp, oil palm, flax, and leaf. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of natural fibers and composites in the production of airplane wings, including mechanical characteristics, applications, and potential as well as problems and future demand for natural composite materials for engineering uses. A good 50% of the airspace's components are natural composites. Because natural composites have the ability to lower aircraft weight, they are currently being used to construct helicopters, military fighter aircraft, small and large civil transport aircraft, cockpits, satellites, launch vehicles, and missiles. Rudder, spoilers, LG doors, keel beam, airbrakes, elevators, turbine engine fan blades, propellers, rear bulkhead, wing ribs, main wings, interior fixtures, etc. Composites made of natural fibers are attractive and promising. The use of natural fiber-based composite materials is growing daily due to their strength and integrity. The natural fiber is a renewable, environmentally beneficial, and biodegradable raw material. Both its mechanical and thermal insulation qualities are strong in natural fiber. However, the loading placed on the natural fiber and its youthful modulus determines its strength In addition to discussing the benefits of natural fibers over other materials, this paper provides a description of the several types of natural fiber, their physical and mechanical properties, and their advantages.
Atuação de cirurgiã-dentista, com ênfase no pré-natal, na atenção primária: relato de experiência
Authors: Conceição Verbênia Silva , Moreira Marcela Beatriz Aguiar
Published: January 2023

O pré-natal odontológico configura um momento de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento gestacional e faz parte da competência do cirurgião-dentista atuante na atenção básica. Como parte da reorganização do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a estratégia de saúde da família proporciona à gestante o acompanhamento profissional, a troca de experiências e o suporte necessário para o controle das alterações bucais. O objetivo deste artigo foi relatar a atuação de uma cirurgiã-dentista com ênfase na prática do pré-natal odontológico na Atenção Primária à Saúde, em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) de um município da Bahia. Tal relato de experiência, descritivo e exploratório, foi realizado com base nas atividades vivenciadas em uma USF localizada em um município da Bahia, tendo como público-alvo gestantes, entre 2020 e 2021. Foram utilizados registros de prontuário eletrônico, postagens das vivências no portfólio individual e diário de campo para a descrição crítica do planejamento e ações de saúde voltadas para o acompanhamento odontológico durante o período gestacional. Realizaram-se ações pertinentes à atenção básica, como consulta compartilhada, qualificação de registro, busca ativa, teleatendimento e educação em saúde, obtendo, assim, bom êxito no alcance de metas e na oferta da assistência integral às gestantes. É evidente a importância do pré-natal odontológico para o bem-estar materno durante a gestação, com vistas à promoção, prevenção e recuperação da saúde da mulher e da criança.
O trabalho como determinante de saúde: perfil e vulnerabilidades de agricultores expostos a agrotóxicos
Authors: Oliveira Alane Kelly de Sousa , Carvalho Karine Maria Martins Bezerra , Carvalho Mariza Maria Barbosa
Published: January 2023

O mercado consumidor exige a produção de alimentos “estéticos”. Para isso, se faz necessária uma grande utilização de agrotóxicos e um contato longitudinal do agricultor, o que o deixa vulnerável ao desenvolvimento de diversos agravos à saúde. Objetivou-se pesquisar os determinantes e condicionantes do processo saúde-doença relacionados ao trabalho, traçando o perfil das vulnerabilidades dos agricultores expostos a agrotóxicos. O estudo caracterizou-se como exploratório-descritivo, quantitativo, realizado por meio de um formulário aplicado a agricultores no distrito de Tomé (CE). Dos dados mais relevantes, foi observada predominância da escolaridade básica e do analfabetismo. O tempo de trabalho na agricultura variou entre seis e cinquenta anos; o tempo de contato com agrotóxicos variou entre um e mais de vinte anos; a maioria disse ter noção sobre a classe toxicológica dos produtos, porém, 53,3% afirmaram que não leem as informações contidas nos rótulos. Houve predominância de negligência no uso dos componentes de proteção, com isso, 33,3% disseram sentir vários sintomas de intoxicação associados quando lidavam com os produtos. Concluímos que nossos dados subsidiam, confirmam e explicam os resultados dos agravos encontrados em outros estudos realizados na região e nos indicadores de saúde, a partir do perfil das vulnerabilidades encontradas entre os trabalhadores escutados. É necessária uma articulação entre os dispositivos de saúde para implementar ações de educação em saúde do trabalhador, a fim de promover modulação no ganho de saúde e diminuição dos índices de doenças crônicas da região.
Investigation the role of some biochemical variables in liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Jameel Majeed Hemn , Ismail Parween , Muhammad Hassan Lutfia
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The current study is to assess nitric oxide levels as well as a few other biochemical parameters in individuals with hepatic Cirrhosis disease.
Methods: The study included 55 age-matched controls and 57 individuals with cirrhosis disease that were both clinically and biochemically identified. Adenosine deaminase (ADA), albumin, aspartate tansaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), -glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase were measured as part of the biochemical analyses (ALP).
Results: The study group's serum nitric oxide (NO) levels were substantially (p 0.001) greater than those of the control group's. Additionally, the results showed that the activities of the enzymes ADA, GGT, ALP, AST, and ALT were significantly higher in liver cirrhotic patients than in the control group.
Conclusions: Nitric oxide concentration elevation may serve as a potential diagnostic indicator for liver cirrhosis.
Assessment of Anthropometric measurements of Upper and Lower Limbs among Female Students of Iranian Population
Authors: Rastegar Tayebeh , Ebrahimzade Mohammadreza , Behzadifard Saba , Alikarami Ameneh , Taghizadeh Fatemeh , Alidadi Mehdi , Noorzehi Golaleh
Published: January 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to measure upper and lower limb dimensions among female students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and determine the relationship between brachial and crural indices as anthropometric indices of limbs and Body Mass Index (BMI).
Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, anthropometric parameters of the upper and lower limbs were evaluated among 200 Iranian female student volunteers aged 18-38 with no physical or developmental deformity.
Results: The collected data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism software. Pearson correlation and simple linear regression tests were used to find the relationship between measured anthropometric indices. Mean± Standard deviation (SD) of age and BMI were 23.65 ± 4.97 and 24.59± 4.14, respectively. The brachial and crural indices were 89.47± 9.352 and 76.37± 5.320, respectively. No statistically significant association was found between brachial and crural indices and BMI. In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between wrist dimensions and BMI. The results of the present article determined the relationship between BMI and anthropometric parameters of the upper and lower limbs.
Conclusions: Our findings supported the close relationship between wrist dimension and BMI.
Urothelial bladder cancer in young age group: Presentation, clinical behavior and outcome
Authors: Hashim Saeed Pishtewan , Abdullah Ahmed Bayar
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The main aim of our study is to review the clinical presentation, histopathological features, staging and grading, as well as the recurrence, and progression (for 1 year) of UBC in patients less than 40 years age.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed records of 42 newly diagnosed patients with UBC between May 2016 to May 2020 at the Rizgary Teaching hospital, and Zheen International hospital in Erbil city, Iraq.

Results: The mean age ± SD of the sample were 29.05 ± 7.05 years, ranging from 17 to 39 years. The median was 28.5 years. Patients were divided into three groups, Group I (6 patients) were aged ≤ 20 years, Group II (17 patients) were aged between 20-29 years old, and Group III (19 patients) were aged between 30-39 years old. The majority (78.6%) of the cases were males. Gross hematuria (73.8%) is the most common presenting symptom. The proportion of smoker patients was 61.9%. Significantly higher proportions of patients with lower grade and stage and small tumor size were detected that comparable with previous studies that support the bladder cancer in young-aged group with lower grade and stage. In one year follow up, the recurrence occurred in 6 (14.3%) of patients, just 2 of them progressed to a higher grade or stage.

Conclusion: The results suggested that young patients with UBC was expecting better prognosis than older patients.
Frontiers in early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mohie Abdel-Hamid Nabil , Abd Almunim Baker Luma , Farhan Bdaiwi Lelas
Published: January 2023

Description of the article  

The need for more precise serodiagnosis marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is always a must for many reasons:

Serodiagnosis is generally non-invasive and safe technique to have a human sample.

Different radiological modalities, although its accuracy is progressing, but many times its result is misinterpreted.

The current extensively used seromarker, alpha fetoprotein (AFP), doesn’t exceed 70% for sensitivity and 90% for specificity.

Many of clinicians requesting AFP tests, whether in HCC management or related diseases, as, hepatitis C or B infections don’t know exactly the diagnostic accuracy levels of AFP.

The need for spectrophotometric marker, rather than molecular or radio or Elisa parameter as a cost effective goal.

The earlier the detection of HCC, the longer the patient life.
Septoplasty with Nasal Packing or Transseptal Suturing: comparative study
Authors: Zidan Khalaf Usama , Darweesh Fadhil Ghadeer Raad , Abdulwahab Bahjat Mohammed
Published: January 2023

Objective: The aim of study is to find out the better option to manage post-operative septal hematoma between the nasal packing or quilting sutures.

Methods: cross sectional comparative study of 2 groups patients, group [A]; 39 patients have septoplasty with no nasal Packing and suturing, while group [B]; 40 patients have septoplasty with nasal packing. The study has been carried out from July 2021 until February 2022 in Kirkuk General Hospital. From all patients take age, gender, pain, and bleeding occurrence after few moments after surgery, then after 1st day and then after seventh day after operation. Also, if patients have synechiae or not.

Results: there is significant difference between group A and group B in bleeding at time of operation, group A patient more bleeding. There is significant difference between group A and group B in bleeding at 1st day after operation, group A patient less bleeding. There is significant difference between group A and group B in pain at 1st day after operation, group A patient less bleeding. There is significant difference between group A and group B in pain at 7th day after operation, group A patient less bleeding.

Conclusion:  Nasal pain, headache, were reduced in the trans – septal suturing group as compared to packing. However, nasal bleeding was present in both the groups. It also proves to be a cost-effective modality and gives a better post-operative quality of life to patients. Hence, we recommend trans-septal suturing as the preferred method over anterior nasal packing in patients after septoplasty.
Platelet rich plasma and exercise for pain relief in end stage knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad Abdullah , Ghali Wadi Algawwam Hayder , Ihsan KhairuAllah Huda , Abdulwahab Muhammed Ali Nuha , Abbas Ali Safwat
Published: January 2023

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of exercise and intra-articular ozonized platelet rich plasma (IA-OPRP) injections as management for sever grad IV knee osteoarthritis (KOA).

Methods: Over 18-month period (January 1, 2018– July 31, 2019), 33 patients (21 females and 12 males) with 58 grade IV osteoarthritic knees were retrospectively studied. Severity of KOA was assessed according to the clinical features and Kellgren &Lawrencegrading scale. All patients underwent 8-weeks simple exercises followed by 4 sessions of IA-OPRP.OPRP was prepared by centrifuging patients’ own blood and activated by passing 1 ml of ozone for each 1 ml of platelet rich plasma. A questionnaire was used to categorize the pain severity into mild, moderate, and severe and the response to therapy was graded as excellent, good, fair, and poor.

Results: The mean age was 63.7 years. The top co-morbid condition were overweight and obesity (n=28, 84.8%) whereas diabetes and hypertension ranked second (n=15 each, 45.4%). All patients had severe pain of grad IV knee OA. Overall, exercise and four IA-OPRP injections yielded good-excellent results in (72.4%) of the treated joints (p˂0.01) with no significant sex-related difference in pain response (p>0.01).

Conclusion: Exercise and IA-OPRP seems to be a safe, effective and cheap method for relieving the chronic pain of severeknee OA.
QKD parameter estimation by two-universal hashing
Authors: Ostrev Dimiter
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes and proves security of a QKD protocol which uses two-universal hashing instead of random sampling to estimate the number of bit flip and phase flip errors. This protocol dramatically outperforms previous QKD protocols for small block sizes. More generally, for the two-universal hashing QKD protocol, the difference between asymptotic and finite key rate decreases with the number n of qubits as cn−1, where c depends on the security parameter. For comparison, the same difference decreases no faster than c′n−1/3 for an optimized protocol that uses random sampling and has the same asymptotic rate, where c′ depends on the security parameter and the error rate.
The Role of Needs in Maintaining Attitudes That Legitimize the Socio-Political Status Quo in Russia
Authors: Prusova Irina S. , Bogatyreva Natalia I. , Agadullina Elena R.
Published: January 2023

In recent years, researchers have been focusing on a wide range of different constructs to study legitimizing grounds in socio-political relations. Political system justification, social dominance orientation (dominance and anti-egalitarianism) and political conservatism are considered as attitudes containing various grounds for legitimizing the currently existing socio-political relations (status quo). Maintaining these attitudes is associated with satisfying a number of psychological needs, including epistemic (e.g., the need for cognitive closure), existential (e.g., the need for security), and relational ones. The purpose of this research work was to study the contribution of needs in the maintenance of different attitudes legitimizing the socio-political status quo in the Russian context. With this in mind, we empirically examined the model, which considered needs as predictors, legitimizing attitudes as dependent variables, and sociodemographic characteristics associated with the maintenance of legitimizing attitudes (income, subjective social status, age, and gender) as control variables. The online study involved 387 Russian residents aged 18 to 73 who filled out questionnaires to assess the need for cognitive closure and fear of death as well as the relational need, social dominance orientation, political system justification and political conservatism. The data obtained were processed using structural equation modeling. The results of the study have shown that the most significant and consistent contribution in the maintenance of legitimizing attitudes is made by the epistemic needs (in particular, the need for cognitive closure). At the same time, the presence in everyday notions of a system of legitimizing attitudes makes it possible, depending on the context (e.g., the presence or absence of threats) or the socio-demographic characteristics of the individual (e.g., age and socio-economic status), to realize different needs, which ensures the flexibility of the process of social cognition.
¿Rumor o verdad? La “peste” en Cartagena de Indias en 1696
Authors: Sánchez Torres Lireida José
Published: January 2023

El presente artículo analiza una supuesta “peste” que tuvo lugar en Cartagena en 1696, a partir de un expediente que da cuenta del suceso y la conmoción que causó en ese puerto y en la capital del virreinato. Si bien no existe consenso sobre el tipo de enfermedad y el impacto mortal que tuvo en la sociedad cartagenera, este trabajo indaga acerca de varias posibilidades y se presenta como una incipiente veta de análisis para futuras investigaciones. En este sentido, el trabajo plantea aportes sobre el estudio de las epidemias en el virreinato de la Nueva Granada,  específicamente en Cartagena de Indias, algunas de las cuales no s e encuentran bien documentadas o estudiadas por la historiografía. Asimismo, por medio de los testimonios de la época, se intenta adentrarse en el rol que desempeñaban el rumor y el miedo en estas situaciones, a la vez que se rastrean las rutas de contagio entre Cartagena y Santafé.
Defensores, coadjutores, tenientes partidarios. Denominaciones, prácticas y lugar institucional de los protectores de indios. Chile, 1700-1821
Authors: Albornoz Vásquez María Eugenia
Published: January 2023

En este escrito se estudia la presencia, el lugar institucional y social y la diversidad de los protectores de indios o naturales en el largo siglo XVIII (1700-1821) chileno, examinando diversas actuaciones judiciales en pleitos por injurias y en otros tipos de causas. Se distingue la historia del oficio, conociendo sus particularidades, dependencias, jerarquías y denominaciones. Por último, se visibilizan numerosos nombres de los sujetos que se responsabilizaron de la representación y la defensa de los indios en distintos foros de justicia chilenos entre 1700 y 1821. Este estudio ofrece un panorama inicial para reflexionar sobre la existencia y la trayectoria de esta función mal conocida de la justicia colonial chilena.
BOĞAZKALE ARŞİVİNDEN BİR TABLET FRAGMANI (Bo 7929) VE HİTİT YAZIŞMALARINDA BİR İYİ DİLEK: DINGIRMEŠ TI-an harkandu ‘TANRILAR HAYATTA TUTSUN’
Authors: MASALCI ŞAHİN Gülgüney
Published: January 2023

Eski Yakın Doğu’da özellikle yazışmalarda kullanılan bir iyi dilek kalıbı “tanrılar seni hayatta tutsun” ifadesi Hitit metinlerinde de görülmektedir. Tanıtılacak tablette de benzer kalıbın geçtiği düşünülmektedir. Tablet 1987 yılında Berlin’den gelen tabletlerdendir. Çalışmada tablet fragmanının transliterasyonu yapılarak sözcükler üzerinde durulacak ve filolojik yorum yapılacaktır.
Arsenic exposure and pruritus: evidence from observational, interventional, and Mendelian randomization studies
Authors: Huang Xiaoyan , Xiao Yi , Jing Danrong , Huang Yuzhou , Yang Songchun , Huang Zhijun , Yang Guoping , Duan Yanying , He Meian , Su Juan , Chen Mingliang , Chen Xiang , Shen Minxue
Published: January 2023

Background: Pruritus has been reported as an adverse drug
reaction to arsenic trioxide, but the association of arsenic exposure
with pruritus has not been systematically investigated. To investigate
the association of arsenic exposure with pruritus, we performed
observational, interventional, and Mendelian randomization studies.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shimen,
China. A Mendelian randomization study was conducted to confirm the
causal relationship between susceptibility to arsenic toxicity, in terms
of genetically predicted percentages of monomethylated arsenic (MMA%)
and dimethylated arsenic (DMA%) in urine, and chronic pruritus in the
UK Biobank participants. Then, a case-control study in Shimen
participants was conducted to determine the biomarker for pruritus, and
arsenite-treated mice were used to confirm the biomarker. Last, a
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to test
the efficacy of naloxone, a μ-opioid receptor antagonist, in
arsenic-exposed patients with pruritus in Shimen. Results: Hair
arsenic showed a dose-response relationship with the intensity of itch
in 1092 participants. The Mendelian randomization analysis confirmed the
causal relationship in the UK Biobank participants, with odds ratios of
1.043 for MMA% and 0.904 for DMA% above versus under median. Serum
β-endorphin was identified as a significant biomarker associated with
the intensity of itch. Consistently, treatment with arsenite in mice
upregulated the level of β-endorphin. The randomized controlled trial
showed that treatment with sublingual naloxone significantly relieved
the intensity of itch in arsenic-exposed participants.
Conclusion: Arsenic exposure is associated with pruritus, and
β-endorphin serves as a biomarker of pruritus. Naloxone relieves
pruritus in patients with [arseniasis](javascript:;).
Editorial: Machine Learning, Software Process, and Global Software Engineering
Authors: Steinmacher Igor , Clarke Paul , Tuzun Eray , Britto Ricardo
Published: January 2023

On June 26-28, 2020, the International Conference on Software
and Systems Processes (ICSSP 2020) and the International Conference on
Global Software Engineering (ICGSE 2020) were held in virtual settings
during the first year of the COVID pandemic. Several submissions to the
joint event have been selected for inclusion in this special issue,
focusing on impactful and timely contributions to Machine Learning (ML).
At present, many in our field are enthusiastic about the potential of
ML, yet some risks should not be casually overlooked or summarily
dismissed. Each ML implementation is subtly different from any other
implementation, and the risk profile varies greatly based on the
approach adopted and the implementation context. The ICSSP/ICGSE 2020
Program Committees have encouraged submissions that explore the risks
and benefits associated with ML so that the important discussion
regarding ML efficacy and advocacy can be further elaborated. Four
contributions have been included in this special issue.
Histological characterization of the human scapholunate ligament
Authors: Alaminos Miguel , Chato-Astrain Jesús , Roda Olga , Carriel Víctor , Contreras Fidel Hita , Sánchez-Montesinos Indalecio , Hernández-Cortés Pedro
Published: January 2023

The scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) plays a fundamental role
in stabilizing the wrist bones, and its disruption is a frequent cause
of wrist arthrosis and disfunction. Traditionally, this structure is
considered to be a variety of fibrocartilaginous tissue and consists of
three regions: dorsal, membranous and palmar. Despite its functional
relevance, the exact composition of the human SLIL is not well
understood. In the present work, we have analyzed the human SLIL and
control tissues from the human hand using an array of histological,
histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to characterize each
region of this structure. Results reveal that the SLIL is heterogeneous,
and each region can be subdivided in two zones that are histologically
different to the other zones. Analysis of collagen and elastic fibers,
collagens types I, III and IV, proteoglycans, glycoproteins and versican
confirmed that the different regions can be subdivided in two zones that
have their own structure and composition. The first part of the dorsal
region (zone D1) resembles the control tendons and ligaments, whereas
the rest of the SLIL are more similar to the control articular
cartilage, especially the first part of the membranous region (zone M1).
Cells showing a chondrocyte-like phenotype as determined by S100 were
more abundant in M1, whereas the zone containing more CD73-positive stem
cells was D2. These results confirm the heterogeneity of the human SLIL
and could contribute to explain why certain zones of this structure are
more prone to structural damage and why other zones have specific
regeneration potential.
Rural Residence is Associated with a Delayed Trend Away From Sulfonylurea Use for Treatment Intensification of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nagy Danielle K , C. Bresee Lauren , Eurich Dean T. , Simpson Scott H.
Published: January 2023

  

Objective: To examine the intersection between location of residence along the rural-urban continuum (metropolitan/urban/rural) and sulfonylurea dispensation records for the management of type 2 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods: This retrospective cohort study used administrative health records of adult new metformin users between April 2008-March 2019 in Alberta, Canada. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the association between sulfonylurea-based treatment intensification and location of residence.

Results: Treatment was intensified in 66,084 (38%) of 171,759 new metformin users after a mean of 1.5 years. At treatment intensification, mean age was 55 years, 62% were male, and 27% were rural residents. The most common antihyperglycemic drug, given to 30,297 (46%) people for treatment intensification, was a sulfonylurea. At the beginning of our observation period, the proportion of people dispensed a sulfonylurea at first treatment intensification was highest in rural (57%), compared to urban (54%) and metropolitan (52%) areas (p=0.009). Although proportions decreased over time across the province, rural residents continued to have the highest proportion of sulfonylurea users (45%) compared to urban (35%) and metropolitan (37%) (p< 0.001) and the trend away from sulfonylurea use was delayed by ~4 years for rural residents. Adjusting for potential sources of confounding, rural residence was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of using a sulfonylurea compared to metropolitan (aOR:1.34; 95% CI:1.29-1.39).

Conclusions: Variation in sulfonylurea dispensation across the rural-urban continuum provides a basis for continued research in the differences in process of care by location.
Evaluating the Safety and effectivenesS in adult KorEaN patients treated with Tolvaptan for management of
autosomal domInAnt poLycystic kidney disease (ESSENTIAL): short-term outcomes during the titration period
Authors: Huh Hyuk , Kim Yong Soo , Chung Wookyung , Kim Yong Lim , Kim Yaerim , Han Seungyeup , Jung Yeonsoon , Na Ki Young , Lee Kyu Beck , Oh Yun Kyu , Park Hyeong Cheon , Han Seung Hyeok , Yoo Tae Hyun , Kim Yeong Hoon , Kim Soo Wan , Lee Kang Wook , Park Hayne Cho , Kim Sung Gyun , Kim Hyunsuk , Lee Chang Hwa , Bae Kyongtae T. , Oh Kook Hwan , Ahn Curie , Ryu Hyun Jin , Kim Yong Chul
Published: January 2023

Background: Tolvaptan reduces height-adjusted total kidney volume (htTKV) and renal function decline in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This study was aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in Korean patients with ADPKD during the titration period. Methods: This study is a multicenter, single-arm, open-label phase 4 study. We enrolled 108 patients with ADPKD (age, 19–50 years) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of >30 mL/min/1.73 m2 and factors defined as indicative of rapid disease progression. After tolvaptan titration, we evaluated efficacy and side effects and assessed factors associated with the effects. Results: After titration for 4 weeks, eGFR and htTKV decreased by 6.4 ± 7.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 16 ± 45 mL/m, respectively. No serious adverse drug reactions were observed during the titration period. The greatest eGFR decline was observed in the first week, with a starting tolvaptan dose of 45 mg. Multivariate linear regression for htTKV decline showed that the greater the change in urine osmolality (Uosm), the greater the decrease in htTKV (β, 0.436; p = 0.009) in the 1D group stratified by the Mayo Clinic image classification. Higher baseline eGFR was related to a higher htTKV reduction rate in the 1E group (β, –0.642; p = 0.009). Conclusion: We observed short-term effects and safety during the tolvaptan titration period. The decline of htTKV can be predicted as a short-term effect of tolvaptan by observing Uosm changes from baseline to end of titration in 1D and baseline eGFR in 1E groups.
A Rare Case of Mucinous Cystadenoma Presenting as Unilateral Proptosis at Birth
Authors: K Sayeed
Published: January 2023

Mucinous cystadenoma is a rare cause of unilateral proptosis at birth. A two day old female baby presented with non-pulsatile, transiliuminantaxial proptosis right eye. On CT scan cystic lesion was seen behind the globe in retrobulbar space. Gross total excision of cyst was done through trans-frontal craniotomy approach. Histopathological examination revealed mucinous cystadenoma. This case has been reported because of rarity of this condition.
Comparing Corneal OCT Findings in High Irradiance Corneal Crosslinking Combined with Femtosecond Laser In Situ Keratomileusis versus Femtosecond Laser In Situ Keratomileusis
Authors: M Hosny
Published: January 2023

Objective: To study Corneal OCT findings in the interface and the demarcation line under or over the interface in patients that undergo Femtosecond laser in situ Keratomeulisis compared to patients that undergo Femtosecond laser in situ Keratomeulisis combined with high irradiance corneal cross linking (Femto-Lasik Xtra). Study Design: Prospective Randomized Comparative Study. Methods: Our study included 40 eyes of 20 patients divided into 2 groups, a group of 10 patients with 20 eyes underwent Femto-Lasik & the other group of 10 patients of 20 eyes underwent Femto-Lasik Xtra. The Femto Lasik procedure was done using Alcon Wave Light FS200 laser machine. The Femto-Lasik XTRA procedure entails the administration of half fluence high irradiance cross-linking subsequent to refractive correction. A higher concentration 0.25% riboflavin is applied on the stromal bed and the flap subsequent to laser ablation with a soak time of 90 seconds, UV-A irradiance is delivered as a homogenous beam of 30 mW/cm2 for 90 s to deliver a total fluence of 2.7J/cm2. Patients were randomly observed and HEIDELBERG ASOCT was performed after 1 week, 1 month & 3 months post-operative. Results: A demarcation line was noted in femto Lasik Xtra patients, appeared more evident in the peripheral cornea and faded as it approached the central cornea. It became less evident after 1 month and 3 months period respectively. Also the flap hinge was more hyper reflective and evident in femto Lasik Xtra patients when compared to femto Lasik patients. Anterior crosslinked stroma appeared more hyper reflective than posterior stroma in femto Lasik Xtra patients. Flap edge was also more hyper reflective and better demarked in femto Lasik Xtra treated corneas when compared to femto Lasik treated corneas. Conclusion: AS-OCT showed significant differences between femto Lasik and Femto Lasik Xtra treated corneas. Significant changes were noted in the demarcation line in Femto Lasik Xtra patients along different time periods post-operative.
Optical Biology of Controlling Axial Dimension of Ocular Myopia
Authors: KRG Aggarwala
Published: January 2023

This is not just another commentary on developmental biology of myopia. It is a call to justice. As responsible physicians we could restore credibility and reclaim the Oath attributed to Hippocrates. Our journey has never been more complicated. We may never again require anything more than the trust we betrayed. Ocular sciences here below lead into clinical practice with a smattering on technology. A sincere attempt is made to concisely convey to the reader: multiple interlinking subject area domains perhaps regarded as unrelated by traditional science. The debate has only just begun.
Land-Based Livelihoods and the Covid-19 Challenge: Navigating the Social Capital-Social Distancing Tension on A1 Villages in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ncube Senzeni , Chitonge Horman
Published: January 2023

This article examines the effect of social distancing on the social capital of beneficiaries of the A1 villagised model of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP). In the A1 model beneficiaries were allocated individual arable and residential plots, but shared grazing land, social infrastructure, and services. A1 model beneficiaries rely on social capital to access resources, support agricultural production and other livelihood activities. In this setting, social capital is central to the normal functioning of these communities. When social distancing as a measure to contain the spread of the Covid-19 virus was introduced, this presented many challenges in A1 communities. This article looks at the challenges of observing social distancing in A1 beneficiary communities, which rely on interpersonal interaction to sustain livelihoods and life in general. Drawing from interviews with key informants in these communities, the article shows that social distancing is difficult to implement in communities that are built around strong social capital. The article illustrates that when confronted by challenges which come with practicing social distancing, beneficiaries of A1 communities opted to unite and protect their social capital and livelihoods.
Montaigne: a fundamentação da educação nos moldes céticos e estoicos
Authors: Batista Gustavo
Published: January 2023

Afirma-se que a filosofia de Montaigne, sob a perspectiva educacional, oferece a possibilidade de uma pedagogia pautada no ceticismo intelectual e no estoicismo moral. Em virtude da necessidade de aproximar filosofia e educação, demonstra-se a aplicabilidade do pensamento filosófico de Montaigne à reflexão educacional, apresentando uma visão panorâmica da sua vida e de seus Ensaios. O referencial teórico desta pesquisa bibliográfica é o materialismo histórico-dialético.
O que revelam as pesquisas sobre a atuação do coordenador pedagógico
Authors: Miziara Leni , Ribeiro Ricardo , Bezerra Giovani
Published: January 2023

Visa identificar os estudos sobre a atuação do coordenador pedagógico, em seus entraves e avanços, fundamentando-se numa revisão de literatura. O levantamento bibliográfico, pautado em um referencial crítico-reflexivo, possibilitou explicitar a tese central de diversas pesquisas realizadas sobre a temática, as quais revelam, com maior ou menor ênfase, dados sobre o papel desempenhado pelo coordenador pedagógico no contexto escolar. Os pesquisadores atribuem aos coordenadores a responsabilidade precípua de mediar a formação continuada dos docentes, no entanto, fica patente o envolvimento dos coordenadores em atividades de caráter burocrático e trivial, limitando, assim, o alcance político e pedagógico de seu trabalho. Para a superação dessa realidade, torna-se necessário que professores e coordenadores busquem formação e afirmação como sujeitos competentes técnica e politicamente.
Perfil, concepções e práticas pedagógicas de professores que atuam em turmas multisseriadas de escolas públicas de Sergipe
Authors: Parente Cláudia
Published: January 2023

Analisa alguns aspectos da organização da escolarização em multisséries, tomando-se como referência o Estado de Sergipe e descrevendo o perfil, as concepções e as práticas pedagógicas de professores que atuam em turmas multisseriadas de escolas públicas. Os dados apresentados são decorrentes da análise estatística de informações disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (Inep) e de pesquisas realizadas com professores de escolas públicas de Sergipe. A pesquisa mostrou que a organização da escolarização em multisséries possui diferentes formas e tem como pressuposto central a junção de anos/séries, desconsiderando o elemento idade e inibindo uma possível intervenção pedagógica decorrente da diversidade de sujeitos e tempos de vida. Por isso, é preciso que os professores tenham um olhar mais atento aos sujeitos do campo e construam uma intervenção pedagógica que ultrapasse os aspectos administrativos de enturmação. A análise das concepções e das práticas de professores que atuam em  turmas multisseriadas evidenciou que o trabalho docente está engessado por determinações externas e por barreiras administrativas, inibindo novas reflexões e práticas que rompam com as lógicas tradicionais da seriação, permeadas de elementos excludentes. O artigo pretende contribuir para a disseminação de reflexões e políticas na área da educação do campo, sobretudo em escolas que possuem organização da escolarização em multisséries.
Peculiarities of the relationship of the Ukrainian-Canadian «special partnership»
Authors: Hnilusha S.I.
Published: January 2023

The more than century-long history of Ukrainians in Canada led to the formation of unique Ukrainian-Canadian relations, which were later legally consolidated as a «special partnership» in the Joint Declaration on a Special Partnership between Ukraine and Canada dated March 31, 1994. Both Ukraine and Canada were colonies of two empires. After all, Canada, as a state, arose as a result of the colonization of the territory of North America by two competing European nations: the French and the Anglo-Saxons. In turn, the western part of Ukraine once belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the eastern part to the Russian Empire. The colonial past of both states determines their certain historical kinship, which is one of the specific features of the «special partnership» relationship between our countries. However, the formation and development of Ukrainian-Canadian «special partnership» relations took place under the influence of the super-powerful Ukrainian diaspora in Canada, which, being one of the most powerful and organized, not only plays a prominent role in the political life of its country, but also acts as a decisive factor that determines the specificity of Ukrainian - Canadian relations. The Ukrainian community in Canada is one of the most powerful, organized and active. As a result, a prominent role in the political and cultural life of Canada. The Ukrainian community of Canada managed to positively integrate into the country's non-ethnic society, at the same time preserve its identity and act as a reliable partner of Ukraine in the implementation of internal democratic reforms and improvements in foreign policy positions. Having variable instruments of influence on international politics, it used the most effective strategy for achieving its own goals, the essence of which is to influence the policy formation of the host state. The Ukrainian diaspora played a significant role in shaping the image of independent Ukraine in Canada, in popularizing Ukrainian domestic and foreign policy, which contributed to the formation of friendly and mutually beneficial relations between the two countries and found its logical continuation in the form of the establishment of first diplomatic relations, and later «special partnership» relations between Ukraine and Canada.
The Constitutional Court in Austria: history and modernity
Authors: Irkliienko А.І.
Published: January 2023

It has been found that the organization of the internal political life of the state, as well as nature and direction of its foreign policy is largely determined by the state system and political system of this state. Austria – a democratic legal state based on a principle of the supremacy of the constitution. The foundation of all actions of state authorities – legislative, judicial and executive, including government, – laid down in the constitution, that is, they must correspond to the constitution. In order for the supremacy of the constitution to exist not only on paper, but also to operate in practice, a democratic constitutional state needs institutions, which really ensure the priority of the constitution. The Constitutional Court is the most important from these institutions. It is «a guardian of the Constitution». The most important task of the Constitutional Court is to check the constitutional laws and cancel in case of inconsistency with the constitution. The Constitutional Court in Austria is the oldest one in the world (founded in 1920). Constitution of Austria became the first constitution in the world, which provided for the creation of a constitutional court. The Constitutional Court in Austria deals with issues of compliance of newly issued laws with the country’s constitution, resolves disputes between the region territories and between the region territories and the federal center. The Constitutional Court is the most important guarantor of the observance of the basic rights and freedoms of every citizen in relation to the state. It has been distinguished three stages, during which the responsibilities on formation the Constitutional Court in Austria were fixed. At the first stage, the Constitutional Court formed the Parliament and the reduction of party influence on the Constitutional Court, which achieved independence from the executive power, took place. At the second stage, powers regarding the formation of the Constitutional Court passed to the executive power, which contributed to the establishment of authoritarianism. At the third stage, the balance between the interests of executive and legislative powers was achieved in the formation of the Constitutional Court, which ensured the independence of judges. Comparing methods of formation of the Constitutional court in Austria, there is a noticeable tendency to strengthen the role of the executive power in the formation of the Constitutional Court and the achievement of parity of powers regarding its formation between the executive and legislative powers.
The right to peace in the system of human rights
Authors: Barna O. , Peresh I.Ye.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes and researchs the human right to peace as a special right of the third generation of human rights. The text of this work draws attention to the relationship between the right to peace and other human rights. Considerable importance is attached to enshrining the special right to peace in regional documents on the protection of human rights. It has been found that in the documents of international law, the issue of peace is often mentioned in preambles, as well as in articles outlining the goals and objectives of the activities of international organizations and the world community. The need to establish theright to peace as an independent human right at the level of international documents is analyzed, which, in turn, will help eradicate the practice of justifying violations of peace. The practice of the European Court of Human Rights regarding theviolation of the right to peace was considered.It was clarified and highlighted that although the right to peace is not directly enshrined as a separate and independent human right in the text of the European Convention on Human Rights, the violation of certain enshrined rights entails a violation, in including the guaranteed right to peace. The relationship between the right to peace and human rights is analyzed on the example of specific decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. The position on the need for further research into mechanisms for protecting the human right to peace, especially through the European Court of Human Rights, is highlighted. An opinion has been proposed, according to which enshrining the right of every person to peace in international declarations would be the first step towards its accurate recognition as an independent human right in the international arena. The position of the need to protect humanity’s right to peace is also highlighted, as such protection will be key for all humanity and will guarantee compliance with human rights standards. It is concluded that effective judicial protection of the human rightto peace will be offered in the future in view of further fruitful research in this area.