bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of Literature on Women Employment Discrimination
Authors: Yan Fang , Geraldine Chan Kim Ling
Published: August 2024

The transition from one-child policy to two-child policy exacerbated women's employment discrimination in China. The three-child policy may exacerbate women's employment discrimination further. This paper aims to review past literature, on women employment discrimination, causes or factors of the discrimination and the challenges the women faced. Women employment discrimination in China is also reviewed, specifically from the fertility policy perspective. A qualitative systematic thematic literature review revealed specific themes, including employment discrimination and gender discrimination, women discrimination in employment, the influence of childbearing on women employment, fertility policy, and women employment discrimination. Furthermore, there are several causes of women employment discrimination: one of them being fertility policies. The review revealed some research strengths that can strengthen new research on women employment discrimination. Gaps in terms of research limitations are identified, such as a lack of empirical data on gender bias, a paucity of data on research on gender discrimination in relation to specific fertility policies, and a lack of in-depth analyses of women's career opportunities and barriers in different cultural settings. Despite China's concern with the impact of the number of children on women employment, in-depth research on the relationship between fertility policies, especially the latest three-child policy, and women employment discrimination is limited. Therefore, there is a need to conduct more comprehensive and substantive studies on women employment discrimination that is occurring in societies, including in China, undergoing rapid social change due to accelerated modernization, capitalism, and industrialization during this Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR).
RESPON PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN DOSIS KOMPOS KULIT KOPI PADA JENIS TANAH YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Rizqullah Abiyyu Hadi , Husna Rika , Anhar Ashabul , Nasrullah Nasrullah
Published: August 2024

Arabica coffee is one of the plantation commodities that plays an important role in the Indonesian economy. Arabica coffee in Central Aceh has been widely exported abroad because some coffee plantations already have conditions for export. One of the conditions for exporting Arabica coffee is that the selected garden must be grown organically and already has an organic certificate. Coffee husk waste is one of the organic materials that can be used as organic fertilizer for Arabica coffee cultivation in Central Aceh because coffee husk waste contains organic matter and nutrients that have the potential to be used in organic coffee cultivation. In addition to organic matter, soil type is also an important factor in Arabica coffee cultivation. Alluvial soil, Andosol soil, and Molisol Haplik soil are some of the many soils used for Arabica coffee cultivation in Central Aceh district. Therefore, a study entitled the effect of the dose of coffee husk compost and various types of soil on the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings was carried out. This study aims to determine the response of the growth of arabica coffee seedlings to the dose of coffee husk compost in different types of soil. This research was conducted in Kebet, Bebesen, Takengon, Central Aceh at an altitude of 1273 MDPL. This study was conducted from February 24 to June 1, 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design with two treatment factors. The first factor is soil type which consists of 3 levels, namely T1 is Alluvial soil, T2 is Andosol soil and T3 is Molisol Haplik soil. The second factor is the dose of coffee husk compost which consists of 3 levels of comparison between the dose of coffee husk compost and different soil types, namely 1 Compost: 1 soil, 2 compost: 1 soil, 3 compost: 1 soil. The parameters observed in this study were the height parameters of arabica coffee seedlings aged 30, 60, 90 days after transplanting, stem diameter at 30, 60, 90 days after transplanting, number of leaves aged 30, 60, 90 days after transplanting, root length, root volume, root wet root weight, root dry root weight, crown wet root weight, and crown dry root weight. From the results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded that the treatment of various types of soil has no significant effect on all parameters. While the dose treatment of coffee husk compost had a very significant effect on the parameters of plant height at the age of 30, 60, and 90 HSPT, root length, root wet root weight, and crown wet root weight.
EVALUASI KINERJA PELAYANAN BUS DAMRI TRAYEK KOTA MATARAM BANDARA ZAINUDDIN ABDUL MADJID (BIZAM) MENGGUNAKAN METODE IMPORTANCE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS (IPA) DAN METODE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION INDEX (CSI)
Authors: Widodo Gamas Qatrunnada , Siswanto Henri , Pranoto Pranoto
Published: August 2024

Abstrak : Jarak cukup jauh antara Kota Mataram dengan Bandara Internasional Zainuddin Madjid menjadikan DAMRI menjadikan transportasi angkutan umum yang digunakan. Operasional DAMRI menurun sejak pandemi hingga saat ini. Maka evaluasi kinerja pelayanan Bus DAMRI trayek Kota Mataram-BIZAM. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) dan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Hasil menunjukan mayoritas pengguna adalah laki-laki (62 persen), banyak pengguna yang melakukan perjalanan wisata/keluarga/pribadi (40 persen), dan sebagian besar perjalanan dilakukan sebanyak 1-3 kali/tahun (56 persen). Atribut yang memerlukan perbaikan, yaitu, tempat duduk dan informasi pelayanan mengenai jadwal kedatangan dan keberangkatan Kinerja pelayanan yang memerlukan perbaikan yaitu informasi mengenai jadwal kedatangan dan keberangkatan. Kepuasan pengguna sebesar 64,93 persen menunjukan pengguna “cukup puas” dengan pelayana. Perusahaan perlu melakukan peningkatan kualias pelayanan.
Mimesis of Contrast in Shakespeare's Ephemeral Subplot and its Use in Victorian and Modernist Literature
Authors: Jiménez Hernando Antonio
Published: August 2024

The aim of this paper is to present an overview of Shakespeare’s employment of a narrative technique that could be referred to as the “mimesis of contrast.” By analysing the characteristics of certain sequences in Macbeth, Henry IV 1 and The Tempest, it will be spelt out that Shakespeare’s sudden subplots, generally considered mere comic reliefs, are in fact revealing instances that not only mirror the play’s primary narrative but also succeed in generating a drastic poetic effect. Moreover, the use of this method will be considered in the works of Victorian and Modernist authors, notably Charles Dickens, James Joyce and T. S. Eliot. Lastly, the ideas of traditional Shakespearian critics like S. T. Coleridge and Thomas De Quincey shall work as central arguments in this article, aiding to conclude that Renaissance drama, and in particular Shakespeare’s motif of contrast, made an impact in the literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Chlamydia trachomatis infection and tubal ectopic pregnancy in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: John Onyeji , Ozele Kingsley C. , Imoh Lucious C. , Keneolisa Samuelson C. , Gloria Didamson D. , Nwachukwu Chimezie N. D. , Ocheke Amaka N.
Published: August 2024

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular organism that is sexually transmitted and mostly asymptomatic. It is capable of tubal damage with subsequent tubal ectopic pregnancy. IgG anti-Chlamydia antibody can be measured in women with past or latent Chlamydia trachomatis infection. This study aimed to determine association between prior Chlamydia trachomatis infection and tubal ectopic pregnancy, and predictive value of Chlamydia trachomatis IgG for tubal ectopic pregnancy.
Methods: This was a case control study carried out within Jos metropolis within 6 months period (November 2018 to April 2019). Study groups comprised of 40 women with tubal ectopic pregnancy and 40 uncomplicated second trimester pregnant women recruited from Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State Specialist Hospital Jos, and Faith Alive Hospital Jos by convenience sampling. The subjects’ socio-demographic factors, obstetric history, sexual and reproductive risk factors were obtained using study pro forma. Five milliliter of venous blood was collected from subjects to determine proportions and serum levels of IgG anti-Chlamydia antibody in cases and controls using BIOS Chlamydia T. IgG ELISA kits.   Data obtained were analyzed using IBM-SPSS version 26.
Results: Patients with tubal ectopic pregnancy demonstrated significant evidence of prior Chlamydia trachomatis infection compared with intrauterine pregnant controls (45.0% versus 15.0%, p value =0.003), 4.6-fold risk association for tubal ectopic pregnancy (OR =4.63, 1.593-13.494; p value =0.005), and 75% positive predictive value.
Conclusions: This study revealed an association between prior Chlamydia trachomatis infection and tubal ectopic pregnancy with Chlamydia IgG having good predictive value for tubal pregnancy.
Ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block versus erector spinae plane block for post-operative pain after percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A comparative observational study
Authors: Kumar Nidhi , Sandhu Navjot Kaur , Pokhriyal Abhimanyu Singh , Agarwal Shikhar
Published: August 2024

In India, about 12% of the population has kidney stones, and out of these about 50% may end up with some kidney function loss or renal damage percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is accepted as the procedure of choice for large or complex renal stones. Significant post-operative pain can occur after PCNL in first 24 hours due to distension in the renal capsule and pelvicalyceal system. The study aim was to compare the efficacy of ultrasonography guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block with erector spinae plane block in PCNL.

This observational study included 67 consecutive cases (16-65 years, ASA grade I-II) divided into 2 groups. Group A (n=33) received subcostal transversus abdominis plane (SCTAP) block and Group B (n=34) received erector spinae plane block (ESPB). Post operative pain in terms of pain scores, opioid consumption, requirement of rescue analgesic in first 24 hours was noted. Quality of recovery and any adverse events were also noted.

Post-operative opioid consumption was significantly less in ESPB group (34.41 ± 27.32 mcg), compared to SCTAP Group (270.91 ± 121.41 mcg). Group B patients had better post operative quality of recovery compared to Group A patients. VAS pain scores at almost all time-points were lower in the ESPB group.

ESPB provided effective postoperative analgesia and reduced fentanyl consumption postoperatively compared to SCTAP block.
Ultrasound guided supraclavicular block versus combined infraclavicular and Suprascapular block: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Singla Deepak , Jamir Tiajem , Talawar Praveen , Singh Vivek , Mangla Mishu
Published: August 2024

The infraclavicular block (ICB) can avoid some of the side effects of the supraclavicular block (SCB) like hemi-diaphragmatic palsy. This study aimed to analyze the comparative efficacy of supraclavicular block versus combined infraclavicular block and suprascapular block.

Patients undergoing upper limb surgery under general anaesthesia were randomized into group S (to receive supraclavicular brachial plexus block) and group I (to receive infraclavicular brachial plexus block and suprascapular nerve block). Onset times and the duration of both sensory and motor block was noted in both the groups. Postoperative pain as assessed by NRS score and total fentanyl requirement was noted for 24 hours.

: The group S showed a significantly faster onset of both sensory (8.47±3.12) vs. 13.75±4.69; p<0.001) and motor blocks (15.56±5.32 vs. 24.17±5.67; p<0.001). The duration of sensory block was significantly greater in the group I, with no significant difference in the duration of motor block.We also noted hemi diaphragmatic paresis (27.8%) and paralysis (8.3%) only in the SCB group.

For the patients undergoing upper limb surgeries, the use of ICB+SSB block as compared to the SCB block resulted in increased duration of sensory block; however, the fentanyl consumption was not significantly reduced.
Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block as a sole analgesic in fess surgeries and reconstructive nasal surgeries
Authors: Raj S.K Prashanth Gowtham , Kumar K.R Vasantha , Mukherjee Parijaat
Published: August 2024

: Severe postoperative pain is the most common complaint following Functional endoscopic sinus surgeries (FESS) and reconstructive nasal surgeries. Sensory, autonomic nerves supplying paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and palate relay in sphenopalatine ganglion. Bilateral Sphenopalatine ganglion block can be an effective regional anaesthetic technique for post-operative analgesia. We conducted a study with ultrasound-guided bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block as the sole analgesic compared to Fentanyl in patients undergoing FESS & reconstructive nasal surgeries performed under general anaesthesia. The primary objective of our study was to assess the analgesic effect, quality, and duration of analgesia of ultrasound guided bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block as a sole analgesic. In addition, the secondary aim was to further evaluate the adverse effects.

With Institutional ethical committee approval and written informed consent, we conducted this study with two groups of 30 patients each. The surgical procedure was performed under general anaesthesia. At the end of the surgery and before the reversal of neuromuscular blockade, bilateral sphenopalatine plexus block was performed under ultrasound guidance in interventional Group (A) with a mixture of 0.25% Ropivacaine, Dexamethasone 4mg 7.5ml each side, whereas the control Group (B) received fentanyl 2ug/kg intraoperatively. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were evaluated soon after extubating (0hrs) and up to 48 hrs postoperatively in all patients.

There was no significant difference in VAS scores at 0hrs, 2hrs between both groups. Interventional group(A) had statistically significant lower scores (P <0.00) 4hrs onwards till 48hrs than in control group(B). No adverse events were noted with minimal postoperative analgesic requirement in group(A) (P <0.000).

: We conclude, that ultrasound-guided bilateral sphenopalatine block is a safe and effective procedure that provides sustained and superior quality of analgesia when compared to fentanyl
Optimum clear liquid quantification using point of care gastric sonography after ingestion of measured volumes of clear liquid in adult patients posted for elective surgeries: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Nainegali Sangamesh , Koppal Ramesh , Naik Dinesh , Kalashetty Mahindra B , Gopal Harshitha
Published: August 2024

: High mortality and morbidity as a result of gastric content aspiration in the perioperative period is common. Therefore, nature and volume of gastric content can be obtained quantitatively and qualitatively by using ultrasonography. In this study we assessed the quantity and quality of gastric content after giving measured volumes of clear liquid orally depending on the body weight, 2 hours before anaesthesia.

132 patients were randomly assigned into four groups. Patients in group A received 0 mL kg-1, group B received 5 mL kg-1, group C received 8 mL kg-1 and group D received 10 mL kg-1 of clear liquid orally 2 hours prior to anaesthesia. Residual volume and content in the gastric antrum were observed by using ultrasonography after 2 hours in both supine and right lateral decubitus position.

In our study, 100% of patients in group A, 97% of patients in group B, 81.8% of patients in group C and 69.7% of patients in group D revealed grade 0 antrum (empty stomach) with P value <0.05. Remaining patients showed grade 1 (empty only in supine) and grade 2 antrum (not empty in both supine and right lateral decubitus) with liquid as their main gastric content respectively.

Majority of patients showed empty stomach after administration of clear fluids given orally upto 5 mL kg-1 2 hours prior to anaesthesia.
A comparative evaluation of dexamethasone and MgSO4 as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in transversus abdominis plane block for post operative analgesia in patients undergoing elective cesarean section, a triple blinded randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dolma Lhamo , Nazareth Aradhna , Swarupa Chintala Pavana , Singh Rajni , Joseph Jaisheel Gabriel
Published: August 2024

: In regional blocks, dexamethasone and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) have been used as an adjunct to local anesthesia. But more research needs to be done on each one's effectiveness. This study aims to assess the efficacy of dexamethasone 4mg and MgSO4 150mg as an adjunct to ropivacaine 0.375% in transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing cesarean section under subarachnoid block (SAB).

: Ninety patients undergoing cesarean section under SAB belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, were recruited and randomised in three groups. Each group comprised of 30 patients. Group RS received 20ml 0.375% ropivacaine with 2 ml normal saline, Group RD received 20ml 0.375% ropivacaine with 4 mg dexamethasone and Group RM received 20ml 0.375% ropivacaine with 150 mg MgSO4.Time to first analgesic request, VAS score at rest and movement, patient satisfaction score, hemodynamic parameters and side effects were recorded in each group post-TAP block for 24 hours.

Time to first analgesic request was significantly longer in group RD (814.0± 277.3 min) compared to group RM (606.5 ± 279.9 min) and group RS (545.5 ± 254.3 min) (p = 0.001). The mean value of tramadol requirement was statistically higher in Group RS compared to Group RD and Group RM (p<0.001). The mean differences in VAS score at rest and movement at 6 & 8 h was significantly lower in dexamethasone and MgSO4 compared to control group p=0.001.

The addition of dexamethasone to ropivacaine in TAP block significantly prolonged the duration of analgesia, reducing the need for systemic analgesia with minimal side effects.
Evaluation of demographic, clinical characteristics and risk factors in patients with persistent hiccups due to traumatic brain injury: A trauma-ICU based study
Authors: Mishra Manjaree , Yadav Ghanshyam , Prasad Ravi Shankar , Mishra Shashi Prakash , Yadav Ashish Kumar
Published: August 2024

Persistent hiccups in neurocritical care patients can lead to negative outcomes, including exhaustion, sleep deprivation, malnutrition, depression, and even death. This study aims to evaluate demographic and clinical characteristics, risk factors, and management in trauma intensive care unit patients.

This study investigates persistent hiccups in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients admitted to the Trauma ICU at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, from July 2020 to January 2024. The study involved monitoring and recording hiccups during patients' ICU stays. Exclusion criteria included not participating, having GERD, advanced cancer, spinal cord injury, other CNS pathologies, deranged liver and renal profile, or on drugs causing hiccups, on sedative and neuro-muscular blocking agents.

The study involved 59.8% of patients aged <40 years, with a mean age of 41.75±17.16 years. Most patients were male, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.88:1. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were present in 60.3% of patients, followed by falls from height (17.5%). 75.7% of patients had severe type TBI, while the remaining had moderate type TBI. Out of 189 patients, 86 (45.5%) died and 103 (54.5%) survived. Age was a significant factor in TBI-related persistent hiccups, with severe TBI significantly associated with female gender and ventilator-associated pneumonia and the need for mechanical ventilation. The type of TBI (moderate or severe) and length of ICU stay were also associated with TBI-related persistent hiccups. A strong relationship was observed between severe TBI patients who fall from height and were not responsive to drugs for hiccups compared to moderate TBI. The length of ICU stay was also associated with TBI-related persistent hiccups, with patients with a length of ICU stay of >14 days having a higher risk of hiccups.

Severe TBI is linked to female gender, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and mechanical ventilation. The type of TBI and length of ICU stay are also linked to persistent hiccups. Patients with severe TBI who fell from height are less responsive to hiccup drugs. Patients with over 14 days of ICU stay have a higher risk of developing persistent hiccups.
A randomised, double blinded control study to compare the efficacy of intraperitoneal nebulization and instillation of ropivacaine for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing laparoscopic appendicectomy
Authors: Endigeri Archana , Masur Shilpa , Kelageri Satish , Kumbar Bhagyashri V
Published: August 2024

: Patients scheduled for laparoscopic appendicectomy encounter moderate to severe shoulder pain on the first postoperative day. Intraperitoneal nebulization of local anaesthetics is a new technique which provides uniform spread of local anaesthetic drug particles all through the peritoneum thus providing enhanced analgesic efficacy when compared to intraperitoneal instillation which provides non uniform distribution of the drug.

: Fifty participants posted for laparoscopic appendicectomy under general anesthesia were randomized into Group A (Intraperitoneal nebulization of 8ml ropivacaine 0.75%) and Group B (intraperitoneal instillation of 8ml ropivacaine 0.75%). Our primary aim was to evaluate analgesic efficacy in both the groups postoperatively. Our secondary objectives were to compare the incidence of shoulder pain post operatively, total 48 hours fentanyl consumption and postoperative complications like nausea & vomiting and paralytic ileus.

: There was statistically significance in the pain scores at 24 hours (static pain p=0.003 and dynamic pain p=0.005) & at 48 hours after surgery (static pain p=0.00 and dynamic pain p=0.015). Significant difference was seen in the incidence of shoulder pain. In Group A, no patients complained pain in shoulders while in Group B a maximum of 6 patients complained shoulder pain postoperatively (p=0.022). The total fentanyl consumption over 48 hours was 0.20 ± 0.005 in Group A and 0.80 ± 0.957 in Group B (p = 0.008). Occurrence of postoperative Nausea & Vomiting were similar in both groups. None of the patients complained paralytic ileus in both groups as systemic absorption of the ropivacaine is also considerably less in comparison to other local anaesthetic drugs .

: Intraperitoneal nebulized ropivacaine provides greater reduction in postop pain, lesser consumption of opioids, reduction in referred shoulder pain in laparoscopic appendicectomy patients.
Role and efficacy of vasopressors in post-spinal hypotension in cesarean section. Is norepinephrine a newer choice?
Authors: Gupta Lalit , Bansal Vikash , Choudhary Ripon , Sharma Ridhima
Published: August 2024

In elective cesarean section, spinal anesthesia-related hypotension is routinely prevented or treated with fluids and vasopressors. From the use of fluid preloading to co-loading and different vasopressors, Phenylephrine remains the vasopressor of choice in the management of hypotension during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia for a long time. However, in recent studies, Norepinephrine has also been found as effective as phenylephrine but its routine use has not been recommended till now for the same as a vasopressor agent, and among all the vasopressors, phenylephrine has emerged as the recommended one. Phenylephrine is chosen as a vasopressor over mephenteramine, metaraminol, and ephedrine due to the lack of conclusive evidence about the clinical benefits of one over the other, especially in emergency and high-risk Cesarean sections, and is determined by indirect evidence on fetal acid-base status. Norepinephrine is preferable to phenylephrine, according to recent studies, the present recommendations are mostly based on studies done in elective Cesarean sections. Further studies are warranted in elective, emergency, and high-risk Cesarean sections to use phenylephrine over other vasopressors.
The Cause Of Trending Topics In Japan
Authors: Hermawan Gede Satya
Published: August 2024

The cause of the trending topic on twitter can be found. This paper aims to find this out, using qualitative descriptive methods, by connecting one text to another. On October 19, 2022, 10 topics had more than 20 thousand tweets. After being studied, was found 7 topics discussed entertainment such as the promotion of songs, dramas, or entertainment programs. There is one topic that deals with the sport of baseball. Next, a topic related to news on NHK was also found, and a topic related to a tweet about an article discussing Doujinshi or self-publishing culture in Japan. In addition, it is also found that one topic can refer to different texts. The context itself such as hashtags, images, embedded video or direct link, the bunch of retweets, and others. This paper shows one topic can be trending even though the tweets are not related with the topic itself.
The Influence of Electronic Word of Mouth Communication on Purchasing Decisions at the Gfshop Online Store
Authors: Jaya Canra Krisna
Published: August 2024

The increasingly tight business world requires business actors to follow technological developments in order to compete with other competitors. The emergence of the marketplace and the high number of marketplace users in Indonesia are opportunities to market and attract consumers' attention by using communication strategies in their sales. Through the marketplace, someone can share their experiences of products that have been purchased with the hope that potential consumers who read them will be influenced. This study aims to determine the level of electronic word of mouth communication, the level of purchasing decisions of Gfshop followers and the influence of electronic word of mouth communication on purchasing decisions at the Gfshop online store. The theory used in this study is Electronic Word of Mouth, with the valence of opinion dimension, according to Goyette. This study uses a survey method with a simple regression technique. The data collection technique used a Google Forms questionnaire that was given to 100 respondents who follow the Gfshop account, using an accidental sampling technique. Data processing and analysis using SPSS Statistics 22 software. The results of this study indicate that the level of E-WoM communication among Gfshop followers is very high, with a percentage of 66%. The purchasing decisions of Gfshop followers are very high, with a percentage of 52%. There is an influence of E-WoM communication on purchasing decisions at the Gfshop online store, as evidenced by the regression coefficient of 1.243 with a t value of 8.052, which means that the high and low purchasing decisions at the Gfshop online store can be explained through E-WoM communication.
Densitometric Evaluation Jaws and Skulls of Ovariectomized Rats Following Atorvastatin Administration: The Role of Nitric Oxide
Authors: Kheirandish Yasaman , Panjnoush Mehrdad , Babri Ehsan , Dehpour Ahmad Reza
Published: August 2024

Statins affect the bone metabolism. Considering the role of nitric oxide (NO) in many physiological processes, this study assessed the effects of atorvastatin (ATOR) and NO on the mandible and skull bone density (BD) in ovariectomized rats. This study evaluated 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats in 6 groups (n=8). Groups 1 and 2 underwent sham surgery. Group 1 (sham) did not receive any medication, but group 2 (sham/ATOR) received atorvastatin. Groups 3 to 6 underwent ovariectomy. Group 3 (OVX) did not receive any medication, group 4 (OVX/ATOR) received atorvastatin, group 5 (OVX/L-NAME) received L-NG-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and group 6 (OVX/ATOR/L-NAME) received both atorvastatin and L-NAME. Atorvastatin (40 mg/kg) was gavaged and L-NAME (3 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. All rats underwent lateral cephalometry before and after the interventions, and BD was measured at 2 points in the mandible and skull before and after the intervention by a digital densitometer. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Sidak test (alpha=0.05). The change in BD was 26.5±10.17 in the mandible and 22.17±9.45 in the skull in OVX group. These values were 25.63±5.55 and 28±8.59 in OVX/ATR, 1.5±7.78 and -1.88±4.39 in OVX/L-NAME, and 6.63±7.37 and 4.33±6.35 in OVX/ATOR/L-NAME, respectively. OVX/ATOR showed no significant difference (P=1), but OVX/L-NAME (P<0.001) and OVX/ATOR/L-NAME (P<0.001) groups showed significant differences with OVX group. The present findings indicated that atorvastatin had no significant effect on BD, but administration of L-NAME prevented osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.
Evaluation of Metabolic and Biochemical Abnormalities in Pediatric Population With Nephrocalcinosis in Southwestern Iran
Authors: Valavi Ehsan , Fattahinezhad Elham , Amoori Parisa , Fathi Mohsen , Hoseinynejad Khojasteh
Published: August 2024

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the metabolic and biochemical abnormalities in children with nephrocalcinosis to identify its important risk factors and better understand the disease pathophysiology. Data were collected from the medical records of 163 children diagnosed with nephrocalcinosis. Their clinical and laboratory characteristics at admission were recorded, and a 24-hour urinalysis was performed to measure parameters such as calcium, oxalate, citrate, uric acid, magnesium, and cystine. Family history of kidney stones and parental consanguinity were present in 58.8% and 58.2% of patients, respectively. The most common underlying conditions were hyperparathyroidism (24%), distal renal tubular acidosis (16.6%), and medullary sponge kidney (12.9%). The main abnormalities included hypocitraturia (65.2%), hypercalciuria (51.9%), hypomagnesuria (44.6%), hyperoxaluria (39.1%), hyperuricosuria (31.5%), vitamin D deficiency (30.06%), and metabolic acidosis (27%). Patients with kidney stones and failure to thrive had higher rates of hypercalciuria. Metabolic acidosis was more common in those with parental consanguinity and vitamin D deficiency. Renal failure at final follow-up was more evident in older patients, those with parental consanguinity, hypokalemia, acidosis, and hyperparathyroidism. End-stage renal disease was more frequent in patients with consanguineous parentage, hyperparathyroidism, hypokalemia, and acidosis. Parental consanguinity, family history of kidney stones, and urinary metabolic disorders are important risk factors for pediatric nephrocalcinosis. This highlights the need for genetic counseling, screening, and monitoring of biochemical abnormalities. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial to maintain glomerular function and prevent kidney failure.
Strategies to Enhance Primary School Teachers’ Participation in The Namibian National Curriculum Development
Authors: Aloovi Onesmus Aloovi
Published: August 2024

The subject of this investigation was to establish the strategies that could be employed in the Namibian education system to enhance effective participation of primary school teachers in the development of the national curriculum. The research objective for this study was to establish the strategies that could be employed to ensure effective participation of primary school teachers in Onamutai circuit in the development of the national curriculum. The study was framed within an interpretivist research paradigm, emphasizing the subjective experiences of primary school teachers in Onamutai circuit. It adopted a qualitative research design, specifically a case study approach, to provide a detailed and contextually rich exploration of primary school teachers' participation in national curriculum development. In this study, the population of interest are the (283) primary school teachers in the Onamutai Circuit, Oshana Region of Namibia. In addition to 283 primary school teachers, the population of the study is made up of 12 senior education officers from the directorate of education in Oshana Regional. The primary research instrument was semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. The research findings revealed that improving communication and fostering collaboration among educational stakeholders are essential strategies for enhancing primary school teachers’ participation in national curriculum development. In addition, the research findings revealed that implementing strategies that focus on professional development, fostering dialogue as well as providing incentives, the education system can better utilize teachers' expertise in shaping the national curriculum that meets the needs of the Namibian learners.
The Legal Nature of Pre-Trial Dispute Settlement in the Civil Procedure
Authors:   Lecturer of the Department of Civil Procedure Law of the Kazan Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Lukonina Yulia A.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the most topical issues of the legal nature and essence of the pre-trial procedure for settling a dispute in arbitration, civil and administrative proceedings that make up the civil process. The aim of the study was to determine the procedural and legal role of the pre-trial dispute settlement procedure in the litigation in arbitration disputes, as well as in civil and administrative cases considered by courts of general jurisdiction. The author analyzes the current legislation and judicial practice on compliance with the pretrial dispute resolution procedure, uses dialectical and systemic methods to study the special literature on the issues raised, and models a comprehensive understanding of pre-trial settlement through the prism of the current judicial practice in Russia. The author comes to the conclusion about the formal meaning of the pre-trial procedure for settling a dispute in a trial, thereby creating another scientific understanding of pre-trial settlement and, as a result, making a proposal to change the role of pre-trial order in a trial.
An Agreement on Findings of Fact: Opportunities for Abuse of Right
Authors:   Lecturer of the Department of Civil Procedure of the Ural State Law University Named after V.F. Yakovlev, Tryapochkin Nikita A.
Published: August 2024

The article explores possible ways of abuse of the right when concluding agreements on the factual circumstances of the case by the persons participating in the case (in the commercial procedure). The author believes that the legal regulation of this procedural institution is determined by the legislator in a very fragmentary way. The absence of clearly formulated protective norms aimed at preventing the appearance in practice of a number of methods of abuse of the right listed in the work directly allows individual participants in the commercial procedure to use agreements on the factual circumstances of the case in their own interests, while the court does not have the opportunity to prevent this in any way. From here, as it seems, it is necessary to formulate a specific list of gaps related to the regulation of the procedure for concluding agreements on the actual circumstances of the case, thereby preparing the basis for their elimination.
The Subject of Proving and Evidence in Cases on Compensation of Losses Caused by the Failure to Submit Information or Submission of Undue Information
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Civil Procedure Law of the Lomonosov Moscow State University, Nikitin Nikita V.
Published: August 2024

This article is devoted to the difficulties of determining the subject of proof in cases of failure to provide information to the consumer or the provision of false information. The controlling and leading role in determining the subject of proof belongs to the court. The main difficulty lies in the need to prove a negative fact in the categories of cases under consideration — in fact, the fact of failure to provide information. It is proposed to resolve this by placing the burden of proof on the representatives of the legal entity (individual entrepreneur) who sold the goods to the consumer or provided the service. The difficulty in proving the provision of inappropriate information comes down to the difficulties of fixing it, and with the proper quality of fixing, the cautious attitude of the judiciary towards it in the course of legal proceedings. Sometimes the sufficiency, admissibility and reliability of evidence are given priority by the court over the establishment of objective truth in order to provide the most complete protection of consumer rights. It seems true that this is unacceptable, the need for the court to study all the evidence presented, obtained without violating federal law and, as a result, the prevention of formalism in the judicial protection of consumer rights. As a result of writing this article, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary for the court to have an individual approach to the examination of evidence when considering the case of failure to provide information to the consumer or provision of false information.
Wstęp do geoinformacji z ArcGIS
Authors: Jażdżewska Iwona , Lechowski Łukasz
Published: August 2024

Podręcznik Wstęp do geoinformacji z ArcGIS powstał z wykorzystaniem doświadczeń dydaktycznych autorów, które zdobyli w ramach zajęć prowadzonych od 2012 r. na kierunku geoinformacja na Wydziale Nauk Geograficznych Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego. Wszystkie opisane w publikacji ćwiczenie i zadania są realizowane z wykorzystaniem pakietu ArcGIS 10.4.1 firmy ESRI.
Zakres tematyczny opracowania obejmuje podstawowe informacje niezbędne do lepszego zrozumienia idei geoinformacji oraz przystąpienie do pracy z oprogramowaniem GIS. Książkę podzielono na osiem rozdziałów, w których omówiono aplikację ArcGIS Deskop, organizację pracy w ArcMap, pracę na tabelach atrybutów, układy współrzędnych i źródła danych. Bardziej zaawansowane zagadnienia dotyczą zapytań atrybutowych i przestrzennych, a także wizualizacji wyników, w której wykorzystuje się metody kartograficzne. Każdy rozdział rozpoczyna się od przedstawienia celu zajęć, a następnie prezentowane są pojęcia niezbędne do wykonania zamieszczonych ćwiczeń praktycznych. W zakończeniach rozdziałów znalazły się pytania kontrolne oraz dodatkowe zadania do samodzielnego wykonania, dzięki którym Czytelnik może sprawdzić zdobytą wiedzę i umiejętności.
Podręcznik jest adresowany do studentów geoinformacji, geoinformatyki, geodezji, geografii, gospodarki przestrzennej oraz innych osób zainteresowanych Systemami Informacji Geograficznej (GIS).
Wycena europejskich opcji kupna w modelach rynku z czasem dyskretnym
Authors: Fraszka-Sobczyk Emilia
Published: August 2024

Monografia poświęcona jest wycenie europejskich opcji kupna na akcje w uogólnionych modelach Coxa-Rossa-Rubinsteina (CRR). Poza wykładem dotyczącym klasycznego modelu CRR oraz modelu Blacka-Scholesa analizie poddane są przede wszystkim autorskie koncepcje wyceny opcji w uogólnionym modelu CRR – zarówno w takim, w którym logarytmy cen akcji mają niezerowy dryf, jak i w którym stopa procentowa rachunku bankowego oraz współczynnik zmienności cen akcji (volatility) zmieniają się skokowo między długimi przedziałami czasu, na jakie został podzielony okres trwania kontraktu opcyjnego.
W książce podano wzory na wycenę opcji w zaprezentowanych modelach oraz badano asymptotyki cen opcji, gdy liczba chwil zmiany składu portfela w każdym przedziale czasu dąży do nieskończoności. W konsekwencji wyprowadzono wzory będące uogólnieniami sławnej formuły Blacka-Scholesa. Dokonano również analizy wrażliwości cen opcji.
Badania wykazały, że wycena opcji kupna na indeks WIG20, w oparciu o uzyskane graniczne formuły na wycenę opcji w przedstawionych uogólnionych modelach CRR, umożliwia trafniejsze oszacowanie rynkowej ceny opcji niż formuła Blacka-Scholesa. Zaprezentowane dyskretne modele wyceny opcji wraz z ich przejściami granicznymi mogą stanowić użyteczne narzędzia do wyceny opcji na rynku kapitałowym.
Zarządzanie kontraktem psychologicznym w polskiej kulturze organizacyjnej
Authors: Rogozińska-Pawełczyk Anna
Published: August 2024

Monografia stanowi wkład w uporządkowanie i poszerzenie wiedzy w obszarze pojęcia kontraktu psychologicznego oraz zarządzania tym kontraktem w organizacjach. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań to pierwszy krok w kierunku określenia, zbadania i zaproponowania do implementacji w firmach zgodnych kulturowo praktyk HR. Przetestowany teoretyczny model może przynieść istotne praktyczne implikacje dla przyszłych badań nad pośredniczącą rolą kontraktu psychologicznego w różnych kontekstach kulturowych. Autorka wskazuje teoretykom i praktykom, jak powinno wyglądać zarządzanie kontraktem psychologicznym w polskiej kulturze organizacyjnej.
Zależność gospodarki Ukrainy od stanu relacji energetycznych z Federacją Rosyjską
Authors: Motowidlak Tomasz
Published: August 2024

Książka jest poświęcona relacjom energetycznym między Ukrainą i Federacją Rosyjską, które potraktowano jako jedną z istotnych determinant funkcjonowania gospodarki Ukrainy. Stan tych relacji wpływa bowiem w znaczącym stopniu na kluczowe parametry gospodarki Ukrainy, tj. dochód narodowy brutto, bilans płatniczy, bilans handlowy, stan budżetu oraz wielkość zadłużenia. W tym kontekście dla Ukrainy szczególnie istotny jest fakt, że Federacja Rosyjska uczyniła z tych relacji skuteczny instrument nacisku, służący realizacji swoich interesów gospodarczych i politycznych w tym kraju. Spektakularnym przejawem stosowania tego instrumentu było wywoływanie kryzysów gazowych na Ukrainie, których skutki odczuwalne były także w innych państwach Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. W publikacji przedstawiono zasadnicze instrumenty energetycznego nacisku Federacji Rosyjskiej na gospodarkę Ukrainy oraz podejmowane przez Ukrainę działania na rzecz ograniczenia zakresu i skutków stosowania tych instrumentów.
Increasing Effective Primary Care Screenings in the U.S. Virgin Islands Department of Health Community Clinic
Authors: McComy Megan , Myers Sybilla
Published: August 2024

Background:In 2019, 1.8 million new cancer cases occurred, and 500,000 cancer deaths were expected in the United States, costing $21 billion. Regular primary care screenings have correlated with early cancer detection, treatment, health promotion, and reduced costs.Objectives:The aim was to increase effective primary care screenings in adults in St. Thomas U.S. Virgin Islands Department of Health Community Clinic to 75% within 8 weeks.Methods:This quality improvement initiative used four Plan–Do–Study–Act cycles over 8 weeks. Two core interventions, each with four tests of change, were implemented.Interventions:Core interventions included screening utilizing a checklist for body mass index, depression, and colorectal, lung, breast, cervical, uterine, and prostate cancer and engagement utilizing a checklist for correlated screening-related education, interventions, shared decision-making, and referral.Results:Primary care screenings increased from 55% to 96%, and patient engagement increased from 6% to 82%. Effective primary care screenings increased to 89%, exceeding the aim.Conclusions:This project improved primary care screening and engagement and effectively applied patient-centered care. Achievements were made through standardized screening and engagement.Implications for Nursing:This quality improvement project may be spread to other clinics to improve patient health outcomes.
Borderlands: A Place of Transformation for Nursing—WhereNepantlerasThrive
Authors: Avanthay Strus Jacqueline , Holmes Dave , O’Byrne Patrick
Published: August 2024

Spaces produced in healthcare settings and research institutions tend to perpetuate marginalized populations’ state of social otherness. We believe nurses fromborderlandsare best suited to walk between dominant (striated) spaces and margins in healthcare settings.Borderlandsis a liminal space where multiple identities, places, cultures, paradigms, or ways of thinking intersect. We believe nurses can navigate these spaces by becoming walkers/travelers between worlds or asnepantleras. Anzaldúa’s critical rhetorical analysis framework can assistborderlandsnurses to create geographies of inclusion for equity-denied groups as it is within theseborderlandsspaces that the dominant narratives are relegated to the margins and new spaces are imagined.
Dual Systems Imbalance as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Exposure to Violence and Violent Offending Risk: Delineating Direct Victimization and Witnessed Violence
Authors: Wojciechowski Thomas
Published: August 2024

Exposure to violence is a robust risk factor associated with violent offending. Furthermore, exposure to violence can lead to dysfunctional cognitive development, and this may underpin the relationship between exposure to violence and violent offending risk. However, there is a dearth of research that has examined the independent effects of direct victimization and witnessed violence in this regard, particularly as it pertains to dual systems imbalance as a cognitive mediator of either or both forms of exposure to violence. This study sought to address this gap in the literature by examining the effects of direct victimization and witnessed violence on violent offending risk and examining dual systems imbalance as a mediator of these relationships. The Pathways to Desistance data were analyzed. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to assess the direct and indirect effects of interest. The results indicated that only experiencing direct victimization was associated with an increased risk of violent offending at follow-up but not witnessed violence. Furthermore, dual systems imbalance significantly mediated the relationship between direct victimization and violent offending risk. The results indicate that justice-involved youth who have experienced direct victimization should be prioritized for intervention in order to reduce violent recidivism risk and that treatment should focus on improving cognitive processes pertaining to impulse control and risk-seeking.
Immunization of Mice with AAV-mPTH or AAV-mPTH-GPI-Vector Vaccines Against A Parathyroid Hormone Induced Different T-Cell Proliferation Kinetics of Splenocytes
Authors: Loguinova Marina
Published: August 2024

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare neuroendocrine neoplasm characterized by excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Several reports demonstrated only a partial capability of PTH-targeted vaccination to control tumor progression in PC patients actualizing development of new strategies in PC treatment. The goal of this study was to develop adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector vaccines encoding mouse PTH (mPTH) in the native secreted form (AAV-mPTH) or in a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored form (AAV-mPTH-GPI), and to investigate the immunogenic potential of both vaccines in laboratory mice.
Uso da Palha de Milho como Adsorvente Alternativo para a Remoção de Corante Têxtil em Água
Authors: F. Guedes Nathália , S. Freitas Silvia
Published: August 2024

Neste trabalho foi proposta uma forma de reaproveitamento para o resíduo gerado a partir da palha de milho (Zea mays) como adsorvente alternativo para a remoção do corante têxtil azul turquesa remazol G 133% em água. Os resultados mostraram que a adsorção foi bastante eficiente em pH 2, com remoção de até 99% do corante após 40 minutos, apresentando capacidade máxima de adsorção (Qmax) de 16,25 mg g-1. Assim, o adsorvente obtido da palha de milho pode ser considerado como uma alternativa promissora para a remoção do corante têxtil de meio aquoso por processo de adsorção.