bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coaching Process Of Prisoners In Correctional Institution Class I Kedungpane Semarang Viewed From Act No 12 Of 1995 On Concerning The Correctional Institution
Authors: Cahyo Antoni Muhamad Nur , Sulchan Achmad
Published: September 2020

The problem this study are: a) how the coaching process in prison inmates Class 1 Kedungpane Semarang in terms of Act No. 12 of 1995 on Correctional Institution? and b) whether a limiting factor in the implementation of prison inmate gave coaching in the Correctional Institution Class I Kedungpane Semarang? Researchers using normative juridical approach. The source and type of data in this study are primary data obtained from field studies with interviews at the Correctional Institution Class I Kedungpane Semarang. And secondary data obtained from the study of literature. Based on the results of the implementation study coaching in the penal system for prisoners gradually form has been going well, the first stage of the introduction of the orientation stage where inmates including receiving prisoners, registration inmates and temporary placement of prisoners, the introduction of a maximum of 1 month. The second stage of assimilation in the strict sense lasts from 1/3 to 1/2. The third stage is the stage of assimilation in a broader sense and has lived half of a criminal past. The fourth stage is the stage of integration with the community has undergone criminal or 2/3 of the time for at least 9 months. The obstacles that occur due to the lack of Correctional officer training, infrastructure is still lacking adequate. Addition of facilities are still related to education problem such as library books, any additional school, socializing with new science and training tools. Construction of shelter / blocks apart to make it more comfortable for them.Keywords: Correctional Institution; Prisoners; Development.
Legal Flexibility in Children Diversion Which Conflict With the Law (ABH) Case Study At Ex Residency of Cirebon Jurisdiction
Authors: Qomaruddin Muchammad Qomaruddin , Gunarto Gunarto , Witasari Aryani
Published: September 2020

Along with the development of the juvenile justice system practices that have been implemented so far as regulated in Act No. 11 Of 2012 on Child Criminal Justice System (Act of SPPA).The problems of this study are: the flexibility of implementation of diversion in the case of ABH at Ex Residency of Cirebon Juridiction, problems that exist and occur in carrying out the diversion case of ABH in the Ex Residency of Cirebon Jurisdiction, diversion in Case of ABH solutions in the future will come.The method used by researchers is sociological approach juridical law and specification in this study were included descriptive analysis. While the sources and types of data in this study are primary data obtained from the field study interview. And secondary data obtained from the study of literature.Based on the results of research that In accordance with Act No. 11 Of 2012 on Juvenile Justice System, flexibility implementation of new diversion is the stage, which can be done at this stage of the investigation in Children Investigators, or at what stage in the Prosecuting Attorney of the Child, as well as examination by the Child Justice. Hampered that diversion is restricted by a minimum penalty of which may carry out a diversion, even if the victim and the perpetrator (ABH) has� versioned, it turns out if the criminal threat is more than seven (7) years, the diversion that has made News The event can be canceled and further processed to court for trial. Supposedly back in the Draft Bill which is being processed in the House of Representatives of Indonesia, should attempt a diversion in case the child is not constrained by the threat of punishment, because diversion is only mediation enforcement between criminal and victim that in application not sure in agreement.Keywords: Flexibility Law; Diversion; Children; ABH
Comparison Of The Implementation Of Pre-Court Process Before And After The Constitutional Court Decision Number: 21 / PUU-XII / 2014 In The Batang State Court
Authors: Nazarudin Moch. Isa , Ma'ruf Umar
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the basis of the court's authority to examine and decide on pretrial lawsuits, analyze and describe the legal force of pretrial decisions regarding the illegitimacy of determining criminal suspects and describe the comparative implementation of pretrial proceedings before and after the Constitutional Court ruling Number: 21 / PUU-XII / 2014 in the Batang State CourtThis research uses descriptive research type with sociological juridical and normative juridical, data collection method with literature study, observation and content analysis.At the end of the study the authors concluded that although the Constitutional Court's decision was indeed final and binding and binding and legal remedies could not be made anymore (a final decision). However, that does not mean automatically changing the Criminal Procedure Code. Because these changes can only be made by official institutions appointed by the State, namely the President and the Parliament which are the state's decision. Pre-trial objects prior to the enactment of the Constitutional Court Decision Number: 21 / PUU-XII / 2014, consisting of: whether or not a forced act of force (in the form of: arrest, detention, search and seizure); the validity of the termination of the investigation or the termination of the prosecution; and compensation or rehabilitation of pretrial objects after the entry into force of the Constitutional Court Decision Number: 21 / PUU-XII / 2014, namely the addition of a pretrial object over the validity of determining the suspect. In addition, the implications of the a quo Constitutional Court ruling also affect the validity of arrest and the validity of detention must be based on the objective requirements of the investigator; through two pieces of evidence and an examination of a prospective suspect in order to fulfill the allegation of "preliminary evidence, sufficient preliminary evidence, and sufficient evidence".Keywords: Pretrial; MK Decision; Pretrial Object.
Progressivity Of Criminal Handling Fraud And Disease By The Directorate Of The General Criminal Reserse Of Central Java Regional Police (POLDA)
Authors: Srinitri Ni Made , Ma'ruf Umar , Chalim Munsharif Abdul
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine and analyze the process of handling fraud and embezzlement by Central Java Regional Police Criminal Investigation investigators and the progress of handling fraud and embezzlement crime at the Central Java Regional Police Criminal Investigation Directorate. The approach method used is empirical juridical with descriptive analytical research specifications. The data used in the form of primary data and secondary data so that the method of data collection through field studies and literature studies. Data analysis method used is qualitative analysis. As a knife of analysis, the concepts of restorative justice, legal system theory and progressive legal theory are used.The results of the study concluded that the process of investigating fraud and embezzlement in the East Java Regional Police Criminal Investigation Directorate was in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code and the National Police Chief Regulation Number 6 of 2019 on Criminal Investigations. The progress in handling fraud and embezzlement in the Central Java Regional Police Criminal Investigation Directorate is related to the application of restorative justice in investigating criminal acts that starts with two components of the legal basis, namely rules and behavior. The regulatory component appears from a number of legal rules regarding the application of restorative justice in investigations that have been regulated in police regulations,Keywords: Progressiveness; Fraud And Embezzlement; Restorative Justice.
Analysis Of Criminal Liability As Doer Of Preening Criminal (Case Study In The Blora State Court)
Authors: Sunarno Haris Wahyu , Khisni Akhmad
Published: September 2020

Criminal beatings lately occur a lot because of actions from one person to another outside the normal limits. Crimes that often occur are beatings regulated in the criminal law book, namely Article 170 of the Criminal Code. The formulation of the problem in this study is how is the form of criminal responsibility towards the perpetrators of the beating crime committed by more than one perpetrator, and what are the obstacles in the criminal justice process against the perpetrators of the beatings and their solutions. The method used in the form of sociological juridical research specifications descriptive analysis. Data consists of primary data and secondary data taken by the method of document collection, interviews, and literature study. Based on the research it was concluded (1) The form of a system of criminal justice process in the flow of the trial in the decision Number 94 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN Bla as a form of criminal responsibility towards the perpetrators of beating crimes that are processed in the criminal justice process, (2) Obstacles deep inhibition in the criminal justice process against the perpetrators of the beating crime including the investigation process in presenting witnesses, the prosecution process that takes time, and article 170 of the Criminal Code which still has ambiguous in theoretical.Keywords: Criminal Liability, Beating Criminal Acts
The Criminal Enforcement Of The Fraud Mode Of Multiple Money (Case study Decision No.61 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Blora)
Authors: Sumaryono Sumaryono , Kusriyah Sri Kusriyah
Published: September 2020

Fraudulent criminal acts that have been regulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP) with various modes, one of which is fraud by shamans with a multiplied money mode has made law enforcers increasingly have to rack their brains to be able to prove it. This study aims to examine and analyze law enforcement by the judge in decision No.61 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Blora with consideration of the criminal elements. The research method used is a sociological juridical approach. The specifications of the study were conducted using descriptive analytical methods. The data used for this study are primary and secondary data. The data consists of primary data and secondary data using field research methods, interviews, and literature studies. Based on the research it was concluded that the case ruling number 61 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN Bla with a fraud case with shamanism practices in the mode of duplicating the judge's money considering that the Defendants have been indicted by the Public Prosecutor with alternative indictments, so the Panel of Judges paid attention to the facts The aforementioned law decides on the first alternative indictment as regulated in Article 378 of the Criminal Code Jo Article 55 paragraph (1) of the 1st Criminal Code by considering the elements of that article.Keywords: Criminal Law Enforcement; Fraud; Multiple Money.
Juridical Analysis Of Application Of Forgiveness (Rechterlijk Pardon) As A Basis Of Judge Consideration In Deciding The Criminal
Authors: Pujinoto Sisno , Mashdurohatun Anis , Sulchan Achmad
Published: September 2020

The formulation of the problem in this study are: How is the principle position Rechterlijk Pardon in the criminal system in Indonesia, how the principles are applied Rechterlijk Pardon in a criminal ruling Decision Number 241 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Mjl andHow the development / concept of the Rechterlijk Pardon principle in the renewal of the Indonesian criminal law that will come related to the draft criminal law on the monodualistic principle?This study uses a sociological juridical approach, with descriptive analytical research specifications. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained through library research and primary data obtained through field research which are then analyzed qualitatively using legal theory, the forgiveness agency theory, criminal justice system theory, and progressive legal theory. Based on the results of that study The position of the Rechterlijk Pardon Principle in the Criminal System in Indonesia is forgiveness is a form of forgiveness / deliverance from mistakes made. As a form of forgiveness, then with forgiveness, someone who is guilty is not sentenced or does not need to feel the punishment. Provisions such as this basically exist in conditional criminal conduct (voorwaardelijke veroordeling) regulated in Article 14a-14f of the Criminal Code. Conditional penalties are also referred to by part of the community with the term criminal trial or there is also termed as conditional punishment. Application of the Rechterlijk Pardon Principle in Criminal Verdicts Number 241 / Pid.B / 2019 / PN.Mjl it is applied later to act as the final safety valve in the criminal justice system if a case is not filtered at the prosecution and preliminary hearing judge stage. Development / Concept of the Rechterlijk Pardon Principle in the Future Renewal of Indonesian Criminal Laws Associated with the Draft Criminal Laws on the Monodualistic Principle are Forgiveness institution, is an important element to answer problems that cannot be accommodated with only 3 (three) types of decisions (free, loose, criminal funds).Keywords : Institutions; Forgiveness; Rechterlijk Pardon; Considerations; Judges; Decisions.
Law Enforcement Against Policies Who Breached The Code Of Conduct
Authors: Syahri Alvi
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research to find out and analyze law enforcement against police officers who violate the code of ethics in carrying out their duties at Central Java Police, obstacles and solving obstacles. This study uses a sociological juridical approach with descriptive analysis research specifications. The data used are primary data and secondary data obtained through interviews and literature study. The data analysis method used is qualitative analysis. Furthermore, based on the research results it can be concluded: Law enforcement against police officers who violate the code of ethics in carrying out their duties at the Central Java Regional Police refers to Act No. 2 of 2002 concerning the Police, Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2003 concerning Disciplinary Regulations for Members of the National Police and Regulation of the Chief of Police No. Pol. 14 of 2011 concerning the Professional Code of Ethics for the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia. Several factors that hinder law enforcement against unscrupulous police officers who violate the code of ethics are divided into internal factors: Leaders who have not fully paid attention to the implementation of disciplinary law enforcement duties for Polri members, level of discipline, awareness and compliance of Polri members with binding disciplinary regulations and applies to him is still relatively low so that disciplinary violations keep happening, Polri's disciplinary law enforcement often appears to lack transparency. External factors: Lack of public awareness in conducting supervision and complaints when there are people who violate them.Keywords: Law Enforcement; Police Officers; Offenses; Code of Ethics.
The Role of Regional / City Governments in Developing and Supervising Of Village Regulation
Authors: Ananda Adhe Ismail , Kusriyah Sri
Published: September 2020

The research objective was to identify and analyze the role of district / city government in the guidance and supervision of village regulations. This research method is a normative-empirical approach, by examining Laws and regulations related to the role of district / city local governments in fostering and supervising village regulations with their implementation. The conclusions from the results of this study indicate that in the formation of a Village Regulation, the role of district / city Regional Government is regulated in Article 115 of Act No. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, one of which is to provide guidelines for drafting village regulations and village head regulations. The technical guidelines for the preparation of village regulations in Kolaka district are regulated in Perda No. 4 of 2009 in its implementation the technical guidelines are still very difficult to adjust to the current conditions due to the issuance of the Law of Permendagri No. 6 of 2014 concerning the Village.Keywords: Coaching; Supervision; Regional Government; Village Regulations; Regent Regulation.
The Problems of Investigating Crime in Subsidized Fuel Oil Type Bio Solar
Authors: Yuliyanto Bibit Aris
Published: September 2020

. This study aims to analyze the role of investigators in handling crimes in the Oil and Gas / Subsidized Fuel Sector, especially the Bio-Solar Type in the Legal Area of the Central Java Regional Police and the obstacles faced and their solutions.The method used by researchers is a sociological juridical legal approach and the specifications in this study include descriptive analytical. Primary data were obtained from field studies interviews with investigators in the jurisdiction of the Central Java Regional Police.Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the role of investigators in handling crimes in the Oil and Gas / Subsidized Fuel Sector, especially the Bio-Solar Type, is that they have carried out their duties in accordance with applicable regulations, from conducting investigations and investigations. Obstacles in Law Enforcement of the Crime of Misuse of Subsidized Fuel Type of Solar in the Central Java Regional Police, namely: a) lack of quality human resources; b) Lack of Facilities and Infrastructure; c) Difficulty in uncovering evidence; d) The amount of budget required in the Evidence Process. The solution is a) Organizing special learning activities for the Police; b) Fostering harmonious and kinship with the community, c) Forming a special team to spy on a place that is often used as a place for individuals who use subsidized fuel to buy diesel fuel.Keywords: Investigator, investigation, Crime, Fuel Oil.
Security Challenges in Android mHealth Apps Permissions: A Case Study of Persian Apps
Authors: Naderi Hamid , Kiani Behzad
Published: September 2020

Introduction: In this study, Persian Android mobile health (mhealth) applications were studied to describe usage of dangerous permissions in health related mobile applications. So the most frequently normal and dangerous permissions used in mhealth applications were reviewed.Materials and Methods: We wrote a PHP script to crawl information of Android apps in “health” and “medicine” categories from Cafebazaar app store. Then permission information of these application were extracted.Results: 11627 permissions from 3331 studied apps were obtained. There was at least one dangerous permission in 48% of reviewed apps. 41% of free applications, 53% of paid applications and 71% of in-purchase applications contained dangerous permissions. 1321 applications had writing permission to external storage of phone (40%), 1288 applications had access to read from external storage (39%), 422 applications could read contact list and ongoing calls (13%) and 188 applications were allowed to access phone location (5%).Conclusion: Most of Android permissions are harmless but significant number of the apps have at least one dangerous permission which increase the security risk. So paying attention to the permissions requested in the installation step is the best way to ensure that the application installed on your phone can only access what you want.
Outbreak of Coronavirus in Iran Compared to Countries with the Highest Incidence
Authors: Nazari Elham , Tabesh Hamed
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The coronavirus outbreak has become a serious issue of the entire world. In some ways, the ability to provide outbreak rate prediction is helpful. Therefore the main purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence pattern of Confirmed COVID-19 Cases in Iran, and comparison between countries with high infected person such as USA, Brazil and others.Materials and Methods: 7801401 infected cases with COVID 19 related countries with highest infection, USA, Brazil, India, Russia, Peru, Chile, Mexico, Spain, UK, South Africa, Iran and Pakistan  in 17 weeks timespan was extracted from the Daily New Cases chart at  https://www.worldmeters. Info/coronavirus/. Also, the incidence rate pattern was presented. The frequency distribution charts used to compare countries.Results: In Iran, from the interval of first week to the end of fifth week after observing the 100th case of infection, the trend of identifying patients was upward, and after that, it showed a decreasing tendency until the end of the 10th week.  However, it seems that from the 10th to the 12th week, the trend has been increasing and after that it has been almost constant. In countries such as South Africa, India, and Brazil, however, this trend has roughly always been ascending during this period, and in other countries it has been fluctuated.Conclusion: The Covid-19 has become pandemic disease. Finding similar incidence rate with other countries aimed for applying appropriate intervention is helpful.
Developing Cardiac Electrophysiology Ontology: Moving Towards Data Harmonization and Integration
Authors: Kazemi-Arpanahi Hadi , Shanbehzadeh Mostafa , Jelvay Saeed , Bostan Hassan
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Cardiac electrophysiology (EP) studies the electrical heart conduction system which is used for diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. In this context, a huge amount of data is generated, requiring efficient and effective access, interpretation, and data analysis from multiple sources in a unified view. To resolve this challenge, this essay presents an ontology to reconcile data heterogeneity problems in this domain.Material and Methods: The cardiac EP ontology was constructed according to the life cycle of ontology building. Structural, functional, and expert evaluation was performed to ensure its quality and usability.     Results: Cardiac EP ontology was developed using protégé environment and implemented in OWL editing tool. It presented a detailed hierarchical structure of the cardiac EP domain with around 324 instances describing cardiac EP-related concepts.Conclusion: Cardiac EP ontology provides an explicit formal description of the concepts, relationships, and properties associated with cardiac electrophysiology making seamless data integration between multiple heterogeneous databases. It also is a useful framework for knowledge representation in knowledge-based systems, as well as for explicit communication between experts in the EP domain.
The Way to Manage a Lack of NPIR for COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Jeon Sang-Woo , Williams Lowri A.
Published: September 2020

The number of COVID-19 infected patients around the world is currently over 9 million already. Some countries have received a sudden and direct hit of COVID-19 and thus lack of medical supplies has occurred in those countries. There is a significant shortage of negative pressure isolation rooms for COVID-19 Patients with the most serious symptoms and because of this, the death rate keeps rising at a fast pace.Until the vaccine or cure for COVID-19 is developed, preventing COVID-19 patients from death is more realistic. The early stages of COVID-19 should be used to secure treatment for COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms as mandatory lower the death rate, also negative pressure isolation room is clearly necessary, otherwise we are likely to see a large second wave of COVID-19.We scrutinized the national medical center of South Korea's database to find a new way to manage the expected shortage of negative pressure isolation room (NPIR).
laporan harian/mingguan
Authors: Andriyanti Alda
Published: September 2020

kuliah kerja lapang plus
Kajian Teologis Tentang Keadilan Dalam adat Masseroi Tondok Di Dusun Kampung Baru Desa Padang Balua’ Kecamatan Seko Kabupaten Luwu Utara
Authors: astuti Endang sri budi
Published: September 2020

Yoel Brian Palari (2020164466). Pada tahun 2020 menyusun skripsi dengan judul “Masseroi Tondok” dan sub judul “Kajian Teologis Tentang Keadilan Dalam Adat Masseroi Tondok Di Dusun Kampung Baru, Desa Padang Balua, Kecamatan Seko, Kabupaten Luwu Utara” dalam penulisan skripsi ini penulis dibimbing oleh Bapak Martinus Kabe’ S.Pak. M.Pd.K. dan Ibu Alfrida Lembang, M.Pd.K.Judul ini penulis angkat untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis penyebab terjadinya ketidak adilan dalam pemberlakukan sanksi adat Masseroi Tondok di Dusun Kampung Baru, Desa Padang Balua’, Kecamatan Seko. Serta melihat bagaimana keadilan dalam adat Masseroi Tondok secara teologis.Sehingga untuk meneliti masalah ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara dan analisis.Untuk mendapatkan informasi yang akurat sekaitan dengan apa yang penulis akan tulis maka penulis mengadakan wawancara kepada: Tokoh-tokoh adat, tua-tua kampung (penasehat), majelis-majelis gereja dari tiga dominasi yaitu mejelis gereja Toraja, GPIL, GBI dan juga kepada pemuda-pemuda dalam kampung.Berdasarkan hasil observasi, wawancara beserta analisis penulis menemukan bahwa penyebab ketidak adilan dalam pemberlakuan sanksi adat Masseroi Tondok di Dusun Kampung Baru disebabkan oleh tokoh adat yang memihak kepada keluarganya (sistem kekeluargaan), dan yang kedua tokoh adat takut menegakkan sanksi adat kepada orang-orang yang dipandang berani dalam kampung (to barani). Sedangkan yang diharapkan ialah tokoh adat sebagai pemimpin dalam masyarakat adat, harus menegakkan sanksi adat dengan adil dan benar tanpa pandang bulu (membeda-bedakan), demikian dalam ajaran kekristenan setiap pemimpin dipilih oleh Allah untuk menegakkan keadilan dan kebenaran kepada setiap orang karena pemimpin adalah wakil Allah yang harus bertindak adil dan benar. Jika keadilan dan kebenaran diterapkan dalam hidup bermasyarakat maka masyarakat akan hidup di dalam ketentraman dan syalom.Dengan demikian harapan penulis bahwa setiap pembaca memperoleh sumbangsih pemikiran tentang bagaimana seharusnya pemimpin dalam masyarakat adat bertindak adil dan benar, sesuai dalam ajaran kekristenan. Khususnya kepada pemimpin dalam masyarakat adat, dan kepada segenap masyarakat Dusun Kampung Baru secara luas. Dengan demikian penulis menyimpulkan bahwa setiap pemimpin dalam agama, masyarakat adat, dan pemimpin dalam kepemerintahan harus bertindak adil dan benar sesuai dengan ajaran agama kekristenan dimana pemimpin harus memahami bahwa setiap pemimpin adalah wakil Allah yang harus menegakkan keadilan dan kebenaran di tengah-tengah masyarakat sehingga tercipta syalom antar sesama manusia.
The Activin-A receptor-like protein 1, ACVRL1 is differentially expressed in non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2020

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States (1). We mined published microarray data (2, 3, 4, 5) to identify differentially expressed genes in NSCLC. We found that the gene encoding the Activin-A receptor-like protein 1, ACVRL1, was among the genes whose expression was most quantitatively different in tumors from patients with NSCLC as compared to the lung. ACVRL1 may be important for initiation or progression of non-small cell lung cancer in humans.
Exit to Community: Strategies for Multi-Stakeholder Ownership in the Platform Economy
Authors: Schneider Nathan , Mannan Morshed
Published: September 2020

The platform economy is facing a crisis of accountability. Large Internet platforms, once regarded as sources of hope for democratic social movements or engines of a promising new economy—or, at worst, just superficial distractions—are now facing serious public scrutiny across the globe. The executives of Facebook, Google, and Twitter have been called before the US Congress to account for their roles in enabling foreign election interference. Scholars have raised concerns about algorithmic, data-driven business models, the exploitation of digital labor, the abuse of market power, corporate governance failures, manipulation by oppressive governments, opacity and arbitrariness in content moderation, and corporate surveillance, to name just a few in an ever-growing body of literature on the depredations of the platform economy. This Article suggests that platform stakeholders, including its users, might find such a bloc through the tools offered by corporate ownership, and that founders and early investors in platform companies might see reasons to seek such an arrangement.
The contribution of phonological information to visual word recognition: Evidence from Chinese Phonetic Radicals
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Vermeylen Luc , Wisniewski David , Brysbaert Marc
Published: September 2020

Lateralization is a critical characteristic of language production and also plays a role in visual word recognition. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the interactions between visual input and spoken word representations are still unclear. We investigated the contribution of sub-lexical phonological information in visual word processing by exploiting the fact that Chinese characters can contain phonetic radicals in either the left or right half of the character. FMRI data were collected while 39 Chinese participants read words in search for target color words. On the basis of whole-brain analysis and three laterality analyses of regions of interest, we argue that visual information from centrally presented Chinese characters is split in the fovea and projected to the contralateral visual cortex, from which phonological information can be extracted rapidly if the character contains a phonetic radical. Extra activation, suggestive of more effortful processing, is observed when the phonetic radical is situated in the left half of the character and therefore initially sent to the visual cortex in the right hemisphere that is less specialized for language processing. Our results are in line with the proposal that phonological information helps written word processing by means of top-down feedback.
The Acute Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children’s Mental Health in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Mactavish Alexandra , Mastronardi Carli , Menna Rosanne , Babb Kimberley A. , Battaglia Marco , Amstadter Ananda , Rappaport Lance M.
Published: September 2020

Objective: COVID-19 is an unprecedented global crisis. Research is critically needed to identify the acute and long-term impacts of the pandemic to children’s mental health including psychosocial factors that predict resilience, recovery, and persistent long-term distress. The present study collected data in June-July 2020 to enumerate the acute impact of the pandemic on children’s mental health, including the magnitude and nature of psychiatric and psychological distress in children, and to evaluate social support as a putative psychosocial correlate of children’s distress.Method: 190 families of children aged 8 to 13 from the Windsor-Essex region of Southwestern Ontario reported on the impact of the pandemic on children’s well-being (e.g., worry, happiness); irritability; social support; and symptoms of anxiety, depressive, and posttraumatic stress disorder at baseline assessment of an ongoing longitudinal study of the COVID-19 pandemic.Results: Children and parents reported worsened well-being and psychological distress during the pandemic compared to retrospective report of pre-pandemic well-being. Children and parents also reported higher depressive and anxiety symptoms, but fewer PTSD symptoms, compared to epidemiological samples that used the same measures prior to the pandemic. Finally, child-perceived social support from family and friends was associated with lower symptom severity.Conclusions: Study findings indicate broad psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and are consistent with prior research that indicates a protective role of social support to mitigate the negative psychological impact of the pandemic.
Revisiting the Duality of Smell: Route-dependent Effects on Olfactory Perception and Language
Authors: Pellegrino Robert , Hörberg Thomas , Olofsson Jonas , Luckett Curtis
Published: September 2020

Olfactory research in humans has largely focused on odors perceived via sniffing, orthonasal olfaction, while ignoring odors perceived from the mouth, retronasal olfaction. Prior work on retronasally presented odors use animal models and focus mainly on odor sensitivity, but little is known about retronasal olfactory perception and cognition in humans. In this study, we compared orthonasal and retronasal odor presentation routes to investigate differences in odor descriptions and evaluations. Thirty-six individuals participated in a within-subjects study using twelve odors (varying in pleasantness and edibility) in perceptual and semantic tasks. As expected, we found route-dependent differences in perceptual odor quality (pleasantness, edibility, and familiarity ratings), and a better ability to identify odors during orthonasal presentation. Additionally, more concrete (and source-based) language was used when describing odors presented orthonasally. Exploratory analyses revealed that while orthonasal odors were described with words that had visual associations, retronasal odors were described with words that had interoceptive associations. Interestingly, these route-dependent differences in descriptor usage were not explained by sensitivity and intensity differences, suggesting cognitive and linguistic processes differed between odors presented orthonasally and retronasally. Our results indicate that olfaction is in fact a dual sense, in which the routes change the perception of an odor.
Systematic Parameter Reviews in Cognitive Modeling: Towards a Robust and Cumulative Characterization of Psychological Processes in the Diffusion Decision Model
Authors: Tran N.-Han , van Maanen Leendert , Heathcote Andrew , Matzke Dora
Published: September 2020

Parametric cognitive models are increasingly popular tools for analysing data obtained from psychological experiments. One of the main goals of such models is to formalize psychological theories using parameters that represent distinct psychological processes. We argue that systematic quantitative reviews of parameter estimates can make an important contribution to robust and cumulative cognitive modeling. Parameter reviews can benefit model development and model assessment by providing valuable information about the expected parameter space, and can facilitate the more efficient design of experiments. Importantly, parameter reviews provide crucial---if not indispensable---information for the specification of informative prior distributions in Bayesian cognitive modeling. From the Bayesian perspective, prior distributions are an integral part of a model, reflecting cumulative theoretical knowledge about plausible values of the model's parameters (Lee, 2018). In this paper we illustrate how systematic parameter reviews can be implemented to generate informed prior distributions for the Diffusion Decision Model (DDM; Ratcliff & McKoon, 2008), the most widely used model of speeded decision making. We surveyed the published literature on empirical applications of the DDM, extracted the reported parameter estimates, and synthesized this information in the form of prior distributions. Our parameter review establishes a comprehensive reference resource for plausible DDM parameter values in various experimental paradigms that can guide future applications of the model. Based on the challenges we faced during the parameter review, we formulate a set of general and DDM-specific suggestions aiming to increase reproducibility and the information gained from the review process.
Creative Lockdown? A Daily Diary Study of Creative Activity During Pandemics
Authors: Karwowski Maciej , Zielińska Aleksandra , jankowska dorota , Strutyńska Elżbieta , omelańczuk iwona , Lebuda Izabela
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic is influencing our lives in an enormous and unprecedented way. Here, we explore COVID-19-lockdown’s consequences for creative activity. To this end, we relied on two extensive diary studies. The first, held in March 2019 (pre-pandemic), involved 78 students who reported their emotions and creativity over two weeks (927 observations). The second, conducted in March 2020 (during the pandemic and lockdown), involved 235 students who reported on their emotions, creativity, and the intensity of thinking and talking about COVID-19 over a month (5,904 observations). We found that compared to 2019, during the lockdown, students engaged slightly, yet statistically significantly more in creative activities. Analysis of diaries collected during the pandemic also showed that days when students spent more time discussing or searching for information about COVID-19, were characterized by higher creative activity, yet also mixed emotions. We discuss potential explanations of these unexpected results along with future studies directions.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing for the measurement of maximal oxygen uptake in people with cancer-related fatigue: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Twomey Rosemary , Lavigne Colin , Martin Tristan , Culos-Reed S. Nicole , Millet Guillaume Y.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: The measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake) using a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) has several applications in oncology. A recent analysis reported that in people with cancer, the vast majority of CPETs are discontinued before the attainment of a plateau in oxygen uptake (V̇O2) or secondary criteria. The objective of this study was to describe the attainment of a V̇O2 plateau and secondary criteria from CPET in a sample of people with cancer-related fatigue.Methods: This was a retrospective and exploratory analysis of data from 51 participants who completed a CPET as part of baseline testing for a clinical trial. The CPETs were conducted in a single laboratory by the same lead experimenter, using a cycle ergometer, standard ramp protocol and breath-by-breath gas analysis. The incidence of a V̇O2 plateau was compared for ∆V̇O2 of ≤150 ml·min-1 and a more conservative ∆V̇O2 of ≤50 ml·min-1. Independent groups dichotomized using the latter criterion were compared, including for the attainment of common secondary criteria for heart rate, rating of perceived exertion and the respiratory exchange ratio.Results: A plateau in V̇O2 was observed in 100% of tests using a criterion of ∆V̇O2 ≤150 mL·min-1, and this was reduced to 57% using a more conservative criterion of ∆V̇O2 ≤50 mL·min-1. There were no differences in the attainment of secondary criteria (or any other variable) between groups dichotomized using observation of a V̇O2 plateau.Conclusion: The validity of classic plateau criteria (∆V̇O2 ≤150 mL·min-1) to verify V̇O2max in people diagnosed with cancer is questionable (100% attainment in the present study, 57% attainment with a more conservative definition of a V̇O2 plateau). Comparing our data with previous reports, we suggest that exercising maximally to elicit V̇O2max may be more tolerable in this population using a standard ramp protocol, recumbent cycle ergometer and facemask.
Analisis Kesalahan Siswa SMP dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis pada Materi Bangun Datar Segi Empat
Authors: Malinda Pamila , Hidayat Wahyu
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal kemampuan koneksi matematis pada materi bangun datar segi empat, subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas VIII dari salah satu SMP Negri di Cimahi sebanyak 29 siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, instrumen yang digunakan yaitu sebanyak empat butir soal dengan kemampuan koneksi matematis siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan soal kemampuan koneksi matematis pada materi bangun datar segi empat untuk setiap indikatornya masih tinggi. Pada indikator pertama yaitu mengidentifikasi hubungan berbagai representasi konsep dan prosedur matematika pada soal nomor tiga memperoleh persentase kesalahan sebesar 63%. Untuk indikator kedua yaitu mengidentifikasi hubungan satu prosedur ke prosedur lain dalam represen-tasi yang ekuivalen pada soal nomor satu memperolah persentase kesalahan sebesar 24% dan soal nomor empat memperoleh persentase kesalahan sebesar 40%. Dan indikator ketiga yaitu menjelaskan penerapan topik matematika dalam masalah kehidupan sehari-hari pada soal nomor dua memperoleh persentase kesalahan sebesar 43%

 

Kata kunci: Analisis kesalahan, Kemampuan koneksi matematis, Bangun datar segi empat
Keefektifan Model Problem Based Learning (PBL) Berbantuan Tangram terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Kelas IV
Authors: Trimurtini Trimurtini - , Laela Nur
Published: September 2020

Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara hasil belajar kognitif matematika siswa kelas IV SD Gugus Larasati belum mencapai kriteria ketuntasan minimal, hal ini disebabkan siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita. Model yang digunakan cenderung berpusat pada guru.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keefektifan model Problem Based Learningberbantuan media tangram terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan desain nonequivalent control group design. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling yaitu pengambilan sampel secara acak. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan tes, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dari KKM dengan nilai z hitung (0,9090) > z tabel (0,1736); hasil belajar siswa kelas eksperimen lebih baik dari kelas kontrol dengan nilai thitung(5,1790)> ttabel (2,021). Rata-rata n-gain kelas eksperimen 0,6679 (sedang) dan rata-rata n-gain kelas kontrol0,299 (rendah).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model PBL berbantuan media tangram efektif terhadap hasil belajar matematika kelas IV SD Gugus Larasati.
Management of chronic kidney disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: Adapted clinical guidelines of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists
Authors: Kolesnyk M. , Stepanova N. , Dudar I. , Krasyuk E. , Liksunova L. , Snisar L.
Published: September 2020

During the global COVID-19 pandemic, there was an urgent need to make complex clinical decisions about the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD)patients. Since a significant number of CKD patients have impaired renal function or receive immunosuppressive (IS) therapy, they belong to a high-risk group for adverse effects of COVID-19 infection. In addition, the overwhelming majority of CKD patients have co-morbidities, which not only increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also the formation of life-threatening complications of COVID-19. Currently, there are no data on the best practices for the management of CKD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, based on the existing research presented by leading renal associations (ERA-EDTA, Kidney Care UK, The Renal Association), NICE Rapid Guidelines on this topic, and our own experience, the expert group of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists has created the Adapted Clinical Recommendations for the Management Of Patients with CKD stages 1-4 during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The proposed clinical guidelines aimed to classify all CKD patients at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization. The key characteristics of each class of kidney disease are the kidney functional level, determined by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), daily urinary protein excretion, hypertension, medication intake and other additional characteristics.

All of the following clinical guidelines have a level of evidence of 2C.
Management of hemodialysis facilities and services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Adapted clinical guidelines of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists
Authors: Kolesnyk M. , Stepanova N. , Dudar I. , Krasyuk E. , Liksunova L. , Snisar L. , Moroz T.
Published: September 2020

The global COVID-19 pandemic is a critical time for hemodialysis patients as hypertension, diabetes or other co-morbidities, as well as hemostasis disorders, are risk factors for adult distress syndrome, the formation of which significantly worsens the prognosis.

Several national associations of nephrologists have created expert working groups to prepare constantly updated clinical guidelines for the management of dialysis patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

According to the experts, to minimize COVID-19 infection of patients and health care workers, the medical staff of dialysis units should undergo training and further retraining, following changes in constantly updated practical recommendations.

The expert group of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists has also created the Adapted Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Hemodialysis Facilities and Services During the COVID-19 pandemic.

All of the following clinical guidelines have a level of evidence of 2C.
Management of peritoneal dialysis facilities and services during the COVID-19 pandemic: Adapted clinical guidelines of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists
Authors: Kolesnyk M. , Stepanova N. , Dudar I. , Krasyuk E. , Liksunova L. , Snisar L.
Published: September 2020

In Ukraine, about 12% of end-stage renal disease patients are treated by peritoneal dialysis (PD). In contrast to the hemodialysis population, PD patients receive treatment at home, which reduces the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2. However, older age, diabetes, hypertension and many other comorbid conditions of PD patients significantly increase the risk of infection. Therefore, maximum adherence to preventive measures for COVID-19 by PD patients and medical staff is an urgent and mandatory task.

Based on the published research on COVID-19, the expert group of the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists has created the Adapted Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Peritoneal Dialysis Facilities and Services During the COVID-19 pandemic.

All of the following clinical guidelines have a level of evidence of 2C.
Effect of classic soft drink Coca-Cola as a solvent in the administration of tramadol and diazepam on biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney
Authors: Ilesanmi Omotayo B. , Odewale Temitope T.
Published: September 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the biochemical and morphological changes in the liver and kidney as a result of the acute administration of tramadol and diazepam with classic soft drink Coca-Cola (Coke ).

Method: Thirty-six (36) adult male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Group A-control (distilled water), Group B (Coke ), Group C (tramadol, 50 mg/kg), Group D (tramadol dissolved in Coke, 50 mg/kg), Group E (diazepam, 10 mg/kg) and Group F (diazepam dissolved in Coke 10 mg/kg). All administrations were done intraperitoneal. Twenty-four hours after administration, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for evaluation of the liver (Aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and Alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), kidney (urea and creatinine [CREA]) function and the organs were excised and processed for histopathological examination.

Result: A significantly increased in AST, creatinine and urea concentrations was observed in  Tramadol and Coke Groups compared to control (P<0.05), while diazepam had no significant effect on AST, ALT (P>0.05), though it caused a significant increase in urea and CREA (P<0.05). Dissolving the tramadol in Coke aggravated its hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, while Coke had no significant effect on diazepam. Histological examination also corroborated the biochemical result.

Conclusion: The results showed that mixing drugs with Coke does not improve the toxicity of tramadol and has no significant effect on diazepam.