bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le passé représenté : les protections centrées sur le corps à la puberté et à l’adolescence
Authors: Mitrani Judith , Houzel Didier
Published: November 2018

Dans cet article l’auteur examine la répétition du fonctionnement proto-mental infantile à l’adolescence. Elle montre, avec un exemple clinique, comment le passé est représenté (Bion) par la tendance à recourir à des protections centrées sur le corps et dominées par des sensations, qui se trouvent réactivées lorsque les changements internes et externes, physiques et psychiques apportés par la puberté sont ressentis comme potentiellement écrasants, si le développement mental et émotionnel est vidé de sa substance et que la sensation et l’action viennent une nouvelle fois à la rescousse quand la manière de l’adolescent d’atténuer ses angoisses résonne inconsciemment avec ces événements non mentalisés de la prime enfance.
Réflexions autour de certaines situations partagées de changements catastrophiques
Authors: Fognini Mireille
Published: November 2018

Les modalités de vécus de changements catastrophiques développés par Bion au sujet de patients psychotiques sont tout autant utiles pour approcher cliniquement les changements catastrophiques découlant de transformations psychiques survenant dans le déroulement habituel de cures d’enfant, d’adolescent, d’adulte, sans pathologie notoirement psychotique, mais aussi lors de circonstances extérieures particulières imposant des arrêts de traitement et/ou changements de thérapeute. Cet article présente l’exemple d’un départ à la retraite d’un psychanalyste exerçant en CMPP, soumis donc lui-même à plusieurs principes de réalité (son obligation de retrait d’activité, conjointe à sa propre impuissance à organiser au mieux sur le plan thérapeutique son remplacement auprès des patients suivis). Sont ainsi exposées certaines réactions d’angoisse à ces changements – côté patients et côté analyste-, et analysé la notion d’angoisse de changement catastrophique comme réactivation d’une irreprésentable angoisse inaugurale. L’évocation de différentes sortes d’arrêt de cures vient souligner la nécessité pour le thérapeute d’être attentif autant à ces événements extérieurs de contraintes qu’aux turbulences psychiques internes qui en découlent. L’article évoque aussi le problème épineux et non résolu des modalités de financement des institutions soignantes, ajoutant une contrainte « réalistique » supplémentaire inapte à moduler de façon adaptée sur le plan clinique, de ces situations difficiles de rupture de traitement.
Les centres pluridisciplinaires de diagnostic prénatal ( cpcpn ) : une activité réglementée pour des enjeux de société
Authors: Grangé Gilles
Published: November 2018

La loi de bioéthique de 1994 a créé les Centres pluridisciplinaires de diagnostic prénatal (CPDPN) pour aider le corps médical dans l’accompagnement des couples, lorsqu’une malformation ou une anomalie fœtale est détectée ou suspectée. Vingt ans après, peut-on établir un bilan de leur action ? Il convient au préalable de situer le cadre de leur travail en décrivant les malformations fœtales et, plus largement, les anomalies du développement fœtal.
Les migrants libyens en Tunisie : un enjeu majeur des dynamiques migratoires dans l’espace maghrébin
Authors: Alcaraz Emmanuel
Published: November 2018

Les migrations Sud-Sud sont un volet majeur de la mondialisation de l’immigration. Les migrations des Libyens en Tunisie nous intéressent ici pour étudier comment ils ont été accueillis non sans ambiguïté dans la société tunisienne depuis la chute du régime de Ben Ali en 2011. Leurs interactions au sein de la société tunisienne doivent être analysées en faisant la différence entre droit théorique, pratiques réelles et statut revendiqué par les Libyens. Il s’agit de voir s’ils constituent une minorité en formation, point nécessitant de réfléchir sur leur place dans les hiérarchies sociales tunisiennes. Les préjugés de certains Tunisiens à leur égard participent-ils à ce processus de minorisation lié à des rapports de domination socio-culturelle des Tunisiens vis-à-vis des Libyens, réactualisant certaines représentations associées aux deux constructions socio-historiques antagonistes du nationalisme tunisien et du nationalisme libyen, ou ne sont-ils que l’expression d’« un ras-le-bol » ordinaire de certains Tunisiens faisant suite aux difficultés économiques de l’après-révolution ? La question des relations interethniques est cruciale pour penser l’impact sur la société tunisienne de la présence des migrants libyens, ce qui questionne la notion de tunisianité.
Origines et transformations récentes de l’élevage pastoral de la steppe algérienne
Authors: Bencherif Slimane
Published: November 2018

Au nord du Maghreb, l’élevage pastoral transhumant a toujours été une activité de première importance. Dans la steppe algérienne, cet élevage a connu depuis quelques décennies des changements importants : il n’est pas resté à l’écart du vaste mouvement de « modernisation » qui, sous le nom de « révolution verte », a transformé des pans entiers de l’agriculture des pays en développement. Dans d’autres régions du monde, d’autres formes d’élevage pastoral ont aussi participé à ce mouvement, mais l’adoption de nouveaux moyens et techniques de production n’a pas entraîné d’évolutions notables du mode de conduite des élevages et du mode de vie des éleveurs. Dans la steppe algérienne, en revanche, ce mouvement de modernisation s’est traduit par des transformations rapides et originales, que cet article entend examiner.
La Grande Guerre comme « événement cosmique ». Jan Patočka et l’expérience du front
Authors: Stanciu Ovidiu
Published: November 2018

Dans ses Essais hérétiques sur la philosophie de l’histoire , Jan Patočka donne de la première guerre mondiale une interprétation située dans le sillage de l’interrogation historiale de Heidegger, dont il marque les limites et propose une radicalisation qui fait surgir la solidarité entre la technique et la guerre. Pour Patočka, qui s’appuie sur les récits de guerre de Jünger et de Teilhard de Chardin, la pensée historiale et les témoignages du front s’éclairent mutuellement : la saisie de la première guerre comme « culmination du règne de la force » permet de rendre visibles un certain nombre d’expériences, dont celle du sacrifice. L’expérience du front contient le ferment d’un renversement, d’un «  metanoein colossal et inouï », seul capable de miner les bases du système qui a conduit à la guerre et d’ouvrir ainsi une « paix véritable ».
L’expérience de l’immédiateté : sur la phénoménologie de la vie chez Michel Henry et Bin Kimura
Authors: Kawase Masaya
Published: November 2018

L’expression « phénoménologie de la vie » indique une visée commune entre les pensées de Michel Henry et de Bin Kimura. La « phénoménologie historique », telle que conçue par Husserl, trouve l’essence des phénomènes dans le mode d’apparaître des objets par la médiation de la différenciation temporelle. La phénoménologie de la vie saisit cette essence dans une dimension verticale, appelée « immédiateté » par Kimura, qui unit le présent caractéristique de l’être du soi avec la Vie absolue. Elle situe ainsi le fondement de la temporalité dans la genèse spontanée du présent à partir de la Vie absolue. On examine d’abord ici la particularité des phénomènes (soi, monde et autrui) dans l’expérience de l’immédiateté du point de vue de la phénoménologie de la vie, puis on montre que Kimura voit dans la Vie absolue non seulement le principe de la vie, mais aussi celui de la mort.
Bateau phare, magasin phare : composés [N 1 N 2 ] N et séquences syntaxiques N 1 +N 2 à N 2 adjectivé
Authors: Arnaud Pierre
Published: November 2018

Le français a une classe de noms composés subordinatifs comme bateau-phare . Il existe également des séquences occasionnelles comme magasin phare, projet phare , dans lesquelles le second élément, « épithète », a une intension réduite par rapport à celle du substantif correspondant et manifeste un effet qualificatif. Après une discussion du statut des composés et de la notion d’adjectivité qui distingue les emplois en modificateur de composé et en épithète, un ensemble de 29 substantifs fréquents en emploi épithète est examiné par rapport à 7 paramètres d’adjectivité en utilisant la Toile comme corpus. Les paramètres sont synthétisés en un score d’adjectivité qui permet de classer les unités et montre que, si certaines sont pratiquement entièrement adjectivées, d’autres restent cantonnées aux emplois en épithètes. Les modalités du passage du substantif à l’adjectif sont discutées en termes de réanalyse.
La cooccurrence du tabou et de l’euphémisme ou les conditions de la synonymie
Authors: López Díaz Montserrat
Published: November 2018

On dit en général que l’euphémisme en tant qu’atténuation du dire se substitue au tabou ou dysphémisme pour l’effacer du discours. Or, dans les textes de presse on peut constater également que le mot euphémique ne bannit pas forcément le mot tabou, tant s’en faut, puisqu’ils peuvent se trouver tous les deux à proximité et être éventuellement interchangeables sur l’axe syntagmatique. Étant donné que les deux formes sont à coup sûr divergentes, il faut estimer si elles peuvent être considérées comme des synonymes et puis si elles se contrecarrent, se bloquent l’une l’autre dans la masse du discours ou bien si elles conservent leur autonomie d’occurrences à valeur forte et faible.
L’expression de la finalité dans le discours oral
Authors: Rouanne Laurence
Published: November 2018

Dans cette étude, on établira dans un premier temps les critères syntaxiques et sémantiques nécessaires à l’expression de la finalité, sur la base – mais non exclusivement – des travaux de Fradin (1989) et Cadiot (1990). La notion de but ou de signification finale est complexe et recouvre une catégorie qui laisse une ample part à l’interprétation. On donnera donc une série de critères linguistiques objectifs et opérants pour l’identification du but. Les propositions finales seront ensuite analysées dans le cadre de discours oraux : on sera alors en mesure de dire quelles sont les prépositions ou les locutions de but les plus employées à l’oral. On verra, entre autres, que pour est non seulement le marqueur le plus utilisé mais également le plus ambigu. L’analyse du corpus permettra d’affiner l’analyse des conditions discursives qui sont propices ou nécessaires à une lecture finale.
Passer, prendre, mettre du temps à / pour faire quelque chose : trois modes de construction d’une relation entre sujet, temps et procès
Authors: Saunier Évelyne
Published: November 2018

L’article étudie la concurrence de trois verbes fortement polysémiques ( passer, prendre et mettre ) pour marquer l’occupation d’un sujet par un procès durant un certain laps de temps, dans la construction No hum  V N1 tps  prép (= à/pour)  V˚Ω . Nous montrons comment les propriétés sémantiques fondamentales de chacun des verbes génèrent des compatibilités différentes avec la préposition ( à ou pour ), ainsi que des effets interprétatifs nettement différenciés. Notre démarche s’inscrit dans la lignée des travaux de la Théorie des opérations prédicatives et énonciatives, et défend l’idée que l’identité sémantique des unités n’est pas inactivée dans des emplois dits idiomatiques ou grammaticalisés. La méthode s’appuie essentiellement sur des oppositions entre énoncés construits, et recourt également à l’exploration de corpus, en particulier pour ce qui est de différencier mettre du temps à et mettre du temps pour ( faire quelque chose ).
Early Subspecialization in Orthopedic Surgery Training
Authors: DePasse J. Mason , Nzeogu Michael I. , Travers Chris , Mulcahey Mary K. , Palumbo Mark A. , Hart Robert A. , Marsh J. Lawrence , Daniels Alan H.
Published: November 2018

Recent studies have shown that applicants to the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part II examination are performing fewer procedures outside of their chosen subspecialty. In this study, the authors assessed whether trainees are beginning their subspecialization during residency. The authors reviewed the chosen fellowships and case logs of 231 residents graduating from 5 academic orthopedic residency training programs from 2002 to 2017. The number of cases logged by residents who chose a specialty was then compared with the number of cases logged by residents who chose other specialties. Residents who chose spine surgery (108.4±50.7 vs 74.4±60.2,
P
<.01), hand surgery (242.2±92.9 vs 194.3±78.2,
P
<.01), and sports medicine (278.5±105.8 vs 229.0±93.9,
P
<.01) performed significantly more procedures in their chosen fields than their colleagues. In contrast, for total joint arthroplasty (
P
=.18) and foot and ankle surgery (
P
=.46), there was no significant difference in the number of cases between residents who chose the sub-specialty and those who did not. Residents pursuing careers in spine surgery, hand surgery, and sports medicine obtained additional operative exposure to their chosen field during residency. Formalizing this early experience with specialization tracks during the chief year may be considered. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(1):e39–e43.]
Corneal Surface Ablation Laser Refractive Surgery for the Correction of Myopia: A Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Wen Daizong , Tu Ruixue , Flitcroft Ian , Wang Qinmei , Huang Yingying , Song Benhao , Yu Ayong , Hu Liang , Zhao Yune , Bao Fangjun , Yu Ye , Lian Hengli , Hoffart Louis , Kramm Robert Lee , Skiadaresi Eirini , O'Brart David , Pallikaris Ioannis , Marshall John , McAlinden Colm , Huang Jinhai
Published: November 2018

PURPOSE:

To systematically compare the efficacy, predictability, safety, postoperative haze, pain scores, and epithelial healing time of four corneal surface ablation procedures.

METHODS:

PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the U.S. trial registry were searched up to June 2018. Randomized controlled trials were selected. Efficacy (uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/20 or better), predictability (refractive spherical equivalent within ±0.50 diopters [D] of the target), and safety (loss of two or more lines of spectacle corrected distance visual acuity) were set as primary outcome measures. Haze, pain scores, and epithelial healing time were set as secondary outcome measures.

RESULTS:

Eighteen studies involving 1,423 eyes were included. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, the quality of outcomes were moderate to high (70.6%). There were no differences in efficacy, predictability, safety, haze, day 1 pain, and epithelial healing time between treatments. Epithelial laser in situ keratomileusis (epi-LASIK) had statistically significantly higher pain scores on day 3 compared to photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) (weighted mean differences [WMD] = 2.2, 95% credible intervals [CrI] = 0.19 to 4.01) and transepithelial PRK (T-PRK) (WMD = 2.7, 95% CrI = 0.51 to 4.84). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve ranking results (best to worst) showed laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) ranked highest for efficacy, predictability, safety, and day 1 pain scores. Epi-LASIK ranked best for grade 1 haze scores. T-PRK ranked best for haze of 0.5 or higher, haze scores day 3 pain scores, and epithelial healing time.

CONCLUSIONS:

Surface laser refractive surgeries are comparable in terms of efficacy, predictability, safety, and postoperative haze except for day 3 pain scores, with epi-LASIK being more painful compared to PRK and T-PRK.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2018;34(11):726–735.]
Corneal Scarring and Hyperopic Shift After Corneal Cross-linking for Corneal Ectasia After SMILE
Authors: Voulgari Nafsika , Mikropoulos Dimitrios , Kontadakis George A. , Safi Antoine , Tabibian David , Kymionis George D.
Published: November 2018

PURPOSE:

To report a case of severe corneal scarring and hyperopic shift after corneal cross-linking (CXL) for the treatment of ectasia following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:

Case report and literature review.

RESULTS:

A 35-year-old man was referred with severe unilateral corneal haze that developed after CXL. The patient had undergone SMILE 4 years earlier in both eyes. Nineteen months postoperatively, the patient presented with bilateral decrease in vision and corneal topography revealed corneal ectasia in the right eye. CXL was performed in the right eye and a deep stromal haze was observed 1 year later. Comparative maps showed progressive corneal thinning with corresponding flattening that induced hypermetropization and astigmatism.

CONCLUSIONS:

CXL after SMILE in this original case resulted in severe deep corneal haze and corneal flattening with hyperopic shift.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(11):779–782.]
Effect of climate change on thermal-ice regime of shallow lakes compared to deep lakes: Case study of lakes in the temperate zone (Northern Poland)
Authors: Marszelewski Włodzimierz , Pius Bożena
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study is to determine the usefulness of results of hydrological observations (1961-2015) carried out in a deep lake for the assessment changes in the ice-thermal regime of a shallow lake. The paper is based on results of daily values of surface water temperature and ice phenomena in shallow Lake Łebsko and deep Lake Charzykowskie. Similar, statistically significant, positive trends of water temperature were determined in both lakes (0.26°C 10 year-1 in Lake Łebsko and 0.25°C 10 year-1 in Lake Charzykowskie). The fastest increase in mean monthly water temperature in the analysed period (1961-2015) occurred in May (3.37°C in Lake Charzykowskie) and April (2.76°C in Lake Łebsko). The majority of elements of the thermal regime of surface waters in shallow lakes were generally determined to be similar to the same elements in deep lakes, and the effect of climatic changes on the thermal regime of both lakes was found to be similar. Less similarity is observed between elements of the ice regime, particularly in date of decline of the ice cover.
Émergence du virus de la fièvre catarrhale ovine (sérotype 4) en France métropolitaine en 2017
Authors: Turpaud Mathilde , Bréard Emmanuel , Sailleau Corinne , Zientara Stéphan
Published: November 2018

Le virus de la fièvre catarrhale ovine est présent en Europe depuis la fin des années 1990, impliquant différents sérotypes. La présence du sérotype 4 a notamment été plusieurs fois rapportée dans différents pays du bassin méditerranéen ces vingt dernières années, mais n’avait jamais été détectée en France continentale. En novembre 2017, un veau âgé de 15 jours et provenant de Haute Savoie a été détecté positif pour le BTV-4 par RT-PCR en temps réel (rtRT-PCR). Le séquençage du génome a permis de montrer une proche parenté entre cette souche et la souche BTV-4 impliquée dans plusieurs épizooties dans la péninsule balkanique (2013), en Italie (2014) et en Corse (2016 et 2017). Il est probable que le BTV-4 a été introduit en France continentale par l’importation d’animaux corses infectés. En juin 2018, 84 foyers de BTV-4 ont été confirmés en France métropolitaine.
Capital account regulation as part of the macroeconomic regime: comparing Brazil in the 1990s and 2000s*
Authors: Fritz Barbara , Prates Daniela Magalhães
Published: November 2018

Capital account regulation (CAR) has experienced profound reconsideration since the global financial crisis. This new debate focuses on the macroeconomic gains of regulating international capital flows in terms of reducing external and financial vulnerability, but it does not consider relevant aspects relating to the context in which these regulations are implemented. In this paper, we undertake a comparative analysis of similar types of CAR applied in Brazil during the 1990s and 2000s. Based on this analysis, we conclude that for the design of CAR, which is relevant for its effectiveness, institutional features of both the financial market and the macroeconomic regime, shaped by macroeconomic constraints, are relevant. For the case of Brazil, we conclude that, contrary to the 2000s, the strong preference given to inflation stabilization in the 1990s, together with high external vulnerability, strongly limited the CAR's design of this period.
Germany's brake on European capital-market development
Authors: Grahl John , Lysandrou Photis
Published: November 2018

In February 2015, the European Commission published a Green Paper in which it put forward the goal to ‘build a true single market for capital’ for all European Union member states by 2019. The present paper argues that there is no realistic prospect of achieving this goal given that the Green Paper omits any reference to a formidable impediment blocking a European capital-market union: the German government's stance on debt. The inescapable fact is that this government's reluctance to increase the supply of its bonds is depriving the European capital market of one of the essential ingredients necessary to its enlargement on the one hand and to the efficiency of its operation on the other: the former because capital-market enlargement crucially depends on attracting institutional investors who must hold a substantial proportion of their bond portfolios in the form of safe government bonds; the latter because the efficient functioning of the capital markets crucially depends on the efficiency of the money markets where safe government bonds are by far the most important form of collateral.
The phonological mistake and 5D paradigm
Authors: Crispiani Piero
Published: November 2018

In the first part of this article I present a background in scientific studies on dyslexia, from cognitive science to the neuropedagogical perspective. In this investigation the analysis of mental processes is the most important thanks to comparison with genetic research. In the second part, the dyslexic condition is seen from the perspective of the neuro-motor approach, named the Praxic Motor Theory, which improves neural circuits and inter-hemispherical exchange, electrical transmission and evoked potentials.

In this perspective, the dyslexia condition is a disorder related to lack of coordination, including disorganization in space-time and lateral dominance. The phonological hypothesis referring to a lack of sign-sound association in dyslexia is inappropriate, as the term phonology has been intended in English literature as a more complex process and not simply an association between phoneme and grapheme. It is related to access to the word, groups of sounds, rather than single sounds. In this sense the dyslexic reader does not make a phonological mistake in terms of association, but a kinetic-motor one, in space-time from left to right.
Processing and quality control with FY-3C/GNOS data used in numerical weather prediction applications
Authors: Liao Mi , Healy Sean , Zhang Peng
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The Chinese radio occultation sounder GNOS (Global Navigation Occultation Sounder) is on the FY-3C satellite, which was launched on September 23, 2013. Currently, GNOS data is transmitted via the Global Telecommunications System (GTS) providing 450–500 profiles per day for numerical weather prediction applications. This paper describes the processing for the GNOS profiles with large biases, related to L2 signal degradation. A new extrapolation procedure in bending angle space corrects the L2 bending angles, using a thin ionosphere model, and the fitting relationship between L1 and L2. We apply the approach to improve the L2 extrapolation of GNOS. The new method can effectively eliminate about 90 % of the large departures. In addition to the procedure for the L2 degradation, this paper also describes our quality control (QC) for FY-3C/GNOS. A noise estimate for the new L2 extrapolation can be used as a QC parameter to evaluate the performance of the extrapolation. Mean phase delays of L1 and L2 in the tangent height interval of 60 to 80 km are analysed and applied in the QC as well. A statistical comparison between GNOS and ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) forecast data demonstrates that GNOS performs almost as well as GRAS, especially in the core region from around 10 to 35 km. The GNOS data with the new L2 extrapolation is suitable for assimilation into numerical weather prediction systems.
Revisiting the differential freezing nucleus spectra derived from
drop freezing experiments; methods of calculation, applications and
confidence limits
Authors: Vali Gabor
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The differential nucleus concentration defined in Vali (1971) is re-examined and methods are given for its calculation. The purpose of this document is to facilitate the use of the differential spectra in describing the results of drop freezing, or similar, experiments and thereby provide additional insights into the measurements. The additive nature of differential concentrations is used to show how the background contribution can be accounted for in the measurements. A method is presented to evaluate the confidence limits of the results at each temperature covered in the measurements.
Crescent-shaped electron velocity distribution functions formed at the edges of plasma jets interacting with a tangential discontinuity
Authors: Voitcu Gabriel , Echim Marius
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In this paper we discuss numerical simulations that illustrate a physical mechanism leading to the formation of crescent-shaped electron velocity distribution functions at the edges of a high-speed plasma jet impacting on a thin, steep and impenetrable tangential discontinuity with no magnetic shear. We use three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to compute the velocity distribution function of electrons in different areas of the plasma jet and at different phases of the interaction with the discontinuity. The simulation set-up corresponds to an idealized, yet relevant, magnetic configuration likely to be observed at the frontside magnetopause under the northward interplanetary magnetic field. The combined effect of the gradient-B drift and the remote sensing of large Larmor radius electrons leads to the formation of crescent-shaped electron velocity distribution functions. We provide examples of such distributions measured by a virtual satellite launched into the simulation domain.
A comprehensive global oceanic dataset of helium isotope and
tritium measurements
Authors: Jenkins William J. , Doney Scott C. , Fendrock Michaela , Fine Rana , Gamo Toshitaka , Jean-Baptiste Philippe , Key Robert , Klein Birgit , Lupton John E. , Rhein Monika , Roether Wolfgang , Sano Yuji , Schlitzer Reiner , Schlosser Peter , Swift Jim
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Tritium and helium isotope data provide key information on ocean circulation, ventilation, and mixing, as well as the rates of biogeochemical processes, and deep-ocean hydrothermal processes. We present here global oceanic datasets of tritium and helium isotope measurements made by numerous researchers and laboratories over a period exceeding 60 years. The dataset has a DOI:10.25921/c1sn-9631 and is available at https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/data/0176626.xml, and includes approximately 60,000 valid tritium measurements, 63,000 valid helium isotope determinations, 57,000 dissolved helium concentrations, and 34,000 dissolved neon concentrations. Some quality control has been applied in that questionable data have been flagged and clearly compromised data excluded entirely. Appropriate metadata has been included, including geographic location, date, and sample depth When available, we include water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Data quality flags and data originator information (including methodology) are also included. This paper provides an introduction to the dataset along with some discussion of its broader qualities and graphics.
Intensive Geographien – die Versorgung von extremen Frühgeburten in Deutschland aus praxistheoretischer Perspektive
Authors: Lahr-Kurten Matthias
Published: November 2018

Abstract. In Germany each year, more than 65 000 children are born prematurely as ‚preterm infants‘ (or ‚preemies‘). Some 4500 of these are born extremely premature. Despite being sites of enormous human suffering und huge financial costs, the places of treatment of these babies are almost non-existent in societal discourse. Therefore, the aim of this article is to understand this place, the so-called ‚NICUs‘ – Neonatal Intensive Care Units, places that seem isolated from the rest of society, but are tightly connected to it. In order to reach this aim, a ‚dense description‘ of a single NICU in Germany will be given, based on a stay of 5 months by the author. The underlying perspective of that dense description is the practice theoretical approach of social philosopher Theodore Schatzki. The description of the NICU shows that corporeality, materiality, and not least emotionality are important aspects of social phenomena. As will be seen, the underlying practice theory is a relational ontology that resists the urge to draw on micro-macro-dichotomies to understand these phenomena.
Uncertainty quantification of flood mitigation predictions and implications for decision making
Authors: Berends Koen D. , Straatsma Menno W. , Warmink Jord J. , Hulscher Suzanne J. M. H.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Reduction of water levels during river floods is key in preventing damage and loss of life. Computer models are used to design ways to achieve this and assist in the decision making process. However, the predictions of computer models are inherently uncertain, and it is currently unknown to what extent that uncertainty affects predictions of flood mitigation strategies. In this study, we quantify the uncertainty of flood mitigation interventions on the Dutch River Waal, based on 39 different sources of uncertainty and twelve intervention designs. The aim of each intervention is to reduce flood water levels. Our objective is to investigate the uncertainty of model predictions of intervention effect and to establish relationships to aid in decision making. We show that the uncertainty of an intervention can be adequately described by the newly introduced relative uncertainty metric, defined as the ratio between the confidence interval and the expected effect. Using this metric, we show that intervention effect uncertainty behaves like a traditional backwater curve with a constant relative uncertainty value. In general, we observe that uncertainty scales with effect: high flood level decreases have high uncertainty and conversely, small effects are accompanied by small uncertainties. However, different interventions with the same expected effect do not necessarily have the same uncertainty. For example, our results show that the large-scale but relatively ineffective intervention of floodplain smoothing by removing vegetation, has much higher uncertainty compared to alternative options. Finally, we show that for a defined standard of acceptable uncertainty, interventions need to be over-designed to meet this standard, and by how much. In general, we conclude that the uncertainty of model predictions is not large enough to invalidate model-based decision making, nor small enough to neglect altogether. Instead, uncertainty information can be used to improve intervention design and enrich the decision making process.
Brief communication: PICOP, a new ocean melt parameterization under ice shelves combining PICO and a plume model
Authors: Pelle Tyler , Morlighem Mathieu , Bondzio Johannes H.
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Basal melt at the bottom of Antarctic ice shelves is a major control on glacier dynamics, as it modulates the amount of buttressing that floating ice shelves exert onto the ice streams feeding them. Three-dimensional ocean circulation numerical models provide reliable estimates of basal melt rates but remain too computationally expensive for century scale projections. Ice sheet modelers therefore routinely rely on simplified parameterizations either based on ice shelf depth or on more sophisticated box models. However, existing parameterizations do not accurately resolve the complex spatial patterns of sub-shelf melt rates that have been observed over Antarctica's ice shelves, especially in the vicinity of the grounding line, where basal melt is one of the primary drivers of grounding line migration. In this study, we couple the Potsdam Ice-shelf Cavity mOdel (PICO) to a buoyant Plume melt rate parameterization to create PICOP, a novel basal melt rate parameterization that is easy to implement in transient ice sheet numerical models and produces a melt rate field that is in excellent agreement with the spatial distribution and magnitude of observations for a wide variety of ocean basins. We test PICOP on the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica, Totten and Moscow University ice shelves in Eastern Antarctica, and the Ronne-Filchner ice shelf and compare the results to PICO. We find that PICOP is able to reproduce the high melt rates near the grounding lines of Pine Island, Thwaites, and Totten glaciers (on the order of 100 m/yr) and removes the “banding” pattern observed in melt rates produced by PICO over the Ronne-Filchner ice shelf. PICOP resolves many of the issues contemporary basal melt rate parameterizations face and is therefore a valuable tool for those looking to make future projections of Antarctic glaciers.
Attenuation of Sound in Glacier Ice from 2 kHz to 35 kHz
Authors: Meyer Alexander , Eliseev Dmitry , Heinen Dirk , Linder Peter , Scholz Franziska , Weinstock Lars Steffen , Wiebusch Christopher , Zierke Simon
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The acoustic damping of sound waves in natural glaciers is a largely unexplored physical property that has relevance for various applications. We present measurements of the attenuation of sound in ice with a dedicated measurement setup in situ on the Italian glacier Langenferner. The tested frequency ranges from 2 kHz to 35 kHz and probed distances between 5 meter and 90 meter. The attenuation length has been determined by two different methods and detailed investigations of systematic uncertainties. The attenuation length decreases slowly with increasing frequencies. Observed values range between 13 meter for low frequencies and 5 meter for high frequencies.The here presented results strongly improve in accuracy with respect to previous measurements. However, quantitatively the found attenuation is remarkably similar to observations at very different locations.
Model-based analysis of latent factors
Authors: Gregorius Hans-Rolf
Published: November 2018

Abstract. The detection of community or population structure through analysis of explicit cause–effect modeling of given observations has received considerable attention. The complexity of the task is mirrored by the large number of existing approaches and methods, the applicability of which heavily depends on the design of efficient algorithms of data analysis. It is occasionally even difficult to disentangle concepts and algorithms. To add more clarity to this situation, the present paper focuses on elaborating the system analytic framework that probably encompasses most of the common concepts and approaches by classifying them as model-based analyses of latent factors. Problems concerning the efficiency of algorithms are not of primary concern here. In essence, the framework suggests an input–output model system in which the inputs are provided as latent model parameters and the output is specified by the observations. There are two types of model involved, one of which organizes the inputs by assigning combinations of potentially interacting factor levels to each observed object, while the other specifies the mechanisms by which these combinations are processed to yield the observations. It is demonstrated briefly how some of the most popular methods (Structure, BAPS, Geneland) fit into the framework and how they differ conceptually from each other. Attention is drawn to the need to formulate and assess qualification criteria by which the validity of the model can be judged. One probably indispensable criterion concerns the cause–effect character of the model-based approach and suggests that measures of association between assignments of factor levels and observations be considered together with maximization of their likelihoods (or posterior probabilities). In particular the likelihood criterion is difficult to realize with commonly used estimates based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms. Generally applicable MCMC-based alternatives that allow for approximate employment of the primary qualification criterion and the implied model validation including further descriptors of model characteristics are suggested.
Shaw's Interior Authors: Censored and Modern
Authors: Lenker Lagretta Tallent
Published: November 2018

The plays of Bernard Shaw feature new, sometimes daring ideas intended to jolt audiences of his day into recognizing and improving the multifarious problems of their society. Shaw frequently employs interior authors, characters who create works that in many ways underscore Shaw's own message in the drama, to deliver his strongly held opinions on everything from family life to the Life Force. This article not only considers Shaw's interior authors but also examines the nexus of censorship and modernism in one facet of the plays of the oft-censored Shaw: his creation of characters either who self-censor their own published or highly publicized work or who are censored themselves by their fellow characters. This article identifies Shaw's authors as Mrs. Clandon in You Never Can Tell, John Tanner in Man and Superman, Fanny O'Dowda in Fanny's First Play, the Brothers Barnabas in Back to Methuselah, and the eponymous hero of Saint Joan.
Prophetic Comedy: Bernard Shaw, Flannery O'Connor, and the Sacred Laughter of Distance Realism
Authors: Einsohn Howard Ira
Published: November 2018

Bernard Shaw and Flannery O'Connor are more alike in crucial respects than perfunctory assessments might suggest. This article defends two propositions. First, Shaw and O'Connor are kindred distance realists claiming to perceive something exceeding the external reality that initially presents itself for observation. Second, Shaw and O'Connor oracularly employ the same rhetorical strategy—the comic—and the same tactic within that genre—the shocking—to express their shared vision of the sullied age they live in, and to project an alternative way of being in the world that can potentially redeem the race and safeguard the environment: an approach to existence grounded in the social gospel Jesus taught and lived during his Galilean ministry. To help make the presentation concrete, one short story by O'Connor, “Good Country People,” and one play by Shaw, Major Barbara, serve as probative examples of just how close the pair are when it comes to matters of paramount concern.
Evaluation of Transdermal Administration of Phenobarbital in Healthy Cats
Authors: Krull Daniel P. , Thomovsky Stephanie Ann , Chen Annie Vivian , Mealey Katrina L. , Papich Mark G.
Published: November 2018

The purpose was to determine the safety and achievable serum concentrations of transdermally administered phenobarbital in healthy cats. The hypothesis was that transdermal phenobarbital would achieve therapeutic serum concentrations (15–45 µg/mL) with minimal short-term adverse effects. Enrolled cats had normal physical and neurologic exams and unremarkable bloodwork. Transdermal phenobarbital in a pluronic lecithin organogel–based vehicle was administered at a dosage of 3.0–3.1 mg/kg per ear pinna (total of 6.0–6.2 mg/kg) every 12 hr for 14 days. Serum phenobarbital concentrations were measured 3–6 hr after dosing at seven different times over 15 days. The mean and median serum concentration of phenobarbital at study completion were 5.57 and 4.08 µg/mL, respectively. Mean peak concentration and mean time to peak concentration were 5.94 µg/mL and 13.3 days, respectively. Mild adverse effects were observed. Potency was analyzed in three replicates of the transdermal phenobarbital gel administered; potencies ranged from 62.98 to 82.02%. Transdermal application of phenobarbital in healthy cats achieves a detectable, but subtherapeutic, serum concentration and appears safe in the short term. The use of therapeutic drug monitoring is recommended when this formulation of phenobarbital is used to ensure therapeutic serum concentrations are achieved.
Caudal Mediastinal Fish Hook Foreign Body with Pulmonary Artery Penetration in Two Dogs
Authors: Dunlap Anna E. , Risselada Marije
Published: November 2018

A 1.5 yr old spayed female mixed-breed dog and a 3 yr old spayed female Labrador retriever were evaluated for suspected esophageal fishhook foreign bodies. Radiographs yielded fishhook foreign bodies present caudal to the cardiac silhouette. Endoscopic retrieval for suspected caudal esophageal foreign body was attempted and aborted due to inadequate visualization of the entire fishhooks within the lumen of the esophagus. At surgery, the fishhooks were seen within the caudal mediastinum, and were engaging the left caudal pulmonary artery. Manual fishhook extraction was performed successfully with minimal hemorrhage. Fishhook foreign bodies caudal to the cardiac silhouette may have vascular involvement. Clinicians should exercise caution when attempting endoscopic retrieval of fishhooks in this location.
Short-Term Administration of Single-Agent Toceranib in Six Cases of Inoperable Massive Canine Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Heishima Kazuki , Iwasaki Ryota , Kawabe Mifumi , Murakami Mami , Sakai Hiroki , Maruo Kohji , Mori Takashi
Published: November 2018

Six dogs with massive hepatocellular carcinoma that was not amenable to surgery were treated by oral administration of single-agent toceranib at a dose of 2.0–3.0 mg/kg every other day for a minimum of 60 days. Partial response was achieved in three dogs, stable disease was achieved in one dog, and progressive disease occurred in two dogs, according to the canine Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.0. Observed adverse events were mild to moderate in severity and reported in accordance with the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group’s common terminology criteria for adverse events v1.1. Activities of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase decreased in the cases that were sensitive to treatment with toceranib, whereas the activities remained high in resistant cases. Additionally, the level of phospho-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 was found to be increased in a resistant case. Single-agent toceranib might prove to be an effective treatment for canine hepatocellular carcinoma pending further validation.
Immune-Mediated Neutropenia in a Miniature Poodle
Authors: Brunson Benjamin
Published: November 2018

A 10 yr old spayed female toy poodle was presented to a tertiary referral center for a 10 day history of waxing and waning lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia. An immune-mediated neutropenia (IMN) was suspected to be the underlying cause of her clinical signs. A bone marrow aspirate was obtained from the chostochondral junction of the 11th and 12th ribs on the right side and provided a definitive diagnosis of IMN. A positive response to therapy and repeat blood work further confirmed the diagnosis. Obtaining bone marrow aspirates from the chostochondral junction is a safe, cheap, and reliable method of diagnosing IMN and can be performed in the private practice setting with light sedation and minimal need for specialized equipment.
WAVE PROPAGATION ON A FLUME: PHYSICAL MODELLING
Authors: Conde J. M. P. , Reis R. , Fortes C. J. , Neves D. R. C. B.
Published: November 2018

The knowledge of wave transformation and breaking characteristics near coastline is essential for the nearshore hydrodynamics and the design of coastal structures. This paper describes a wide range of wave flume tests performed at the National Laboratory for Civil Engineering (LNEC), located in Lisbon (Portugal), which main objective was to study wave shoaling and breaking over a set of different gentle slopes for several incident waves and thus to contribute for a better understand of the hydrodynamics of wave transformation.The experimental conditions, the measurement equipment, the incident wave characteristics, the type of measurements performed (free surface elevation and particle velocity) and the data obtained are described. Time and spectral analysis based upon the measured data are also performed and presented. For a regular wave with a period of 1.5s and a height of 0.1m are presented and discussed the following results: free surface elevation at selected sections along the flume; the spectral analysis; the significant wave height and average period along the flume; the particle velocity components at different locations along the flume; the average, maximum and minimum values of the longitudinal component of the velocity along the flume; the two dimensional distribution of the three components of the velocity; and longitudinal velocity component vertical profiles.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF AN OSCILLATING WATER COLUMN CONVERTER IN LABORATORY SCALE
Authors: Gomes M. N. , Nascimento C. D. , Bonafini B. L. , Santos E. D. , Isoldi L. A. , Rocha L. A. O.
Published: November 2018

The present paper presents a two-dimensional numerical study about the geometric optimization of an ocean Wave Energy Converter (WEC) into electrical energy that has as operational principal the Oscillating Water Column (OWC). To do so, the Constructal Design fundamentals were employed to vary the degree of freedom H1/L (ratio between height and length of the OWC chamber), while the other degree of freedom H2/l (ration between height and length of chimney) was kept constant. The OWC chamber area (φ1) and the total OWC area (φ2) are also kept fixed, being the problem constraints. In this study was adopted a regular wave with laboratory scale dimensions. The main goal was to optimize the device’s geometry aiming to maximize the absorbed power when it is subjected to a defined wave climate. For the numerical solution it was used the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) commercial code FLUENT®, which is based on the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The multiphasic Volume of Fluid (VOF) model was applied to treat the water-air interaction. The computational domain was represented by an OWC device coupled into a wave tank. Thereby, it was possible to analyze the WEC subjected to regular wave incidence. An optimal geometry was obtained for (H1/L)o=0.84, being this one approximately ten times more efficient then the worst case (H1/L = 0.14), showing the applicability of Constructal Design in this kind of engineering problem.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND FINANCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL GAS COGENERATION PLANTS IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
Authors: Silva R. E. , Magalhães Sobrinho P.
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a case study on the impact of the use of natural gas cogeneration plants in industrial facilities from food companies established in the State of São Paulo, aiming at the financial and greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) analysis. It is proposed a comparison between two different energy supply models for two manufacturing plants, the first one based on electricity supply from local grid and steam from natural gas fired steam generators, and a second model that considers the industries energy needs being partially supplied through natural gas cogeneration plants which are installed in each one of the companies. This study indicates the differences of the financial results for supplying electricity and steam in both models proposed, describing the main variations and the reasons for those, besides identifying the main current tariff benefits in the legislation for the different classes of power plants and Energy Market. The summarized greenhouse gases inventory is presented for both industries as well, and a later assessment of environmental impact from the studied cogeneration plants in the overall GHG emissions in the two proposed scenarios is done. Finally, it is presented the relation analysis between electricity and steam supplying costs if compared with the greenhouse gases emissions levels for both proposed scenarios, and how public policies can act in order to guide emissions decreasing, since São Paulo State has promulgated a law in which establishes a major GHG emissions reduction to 2020.