bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Unified Algorithm for Channel Imbalance and Antenna Phase Center Position Calibration of a Single-Pass Multi-Baseline TomoSAR System
Authors: Bu Yuncheng , Liang Xingdong , Wang Yu , Zhang Fubo , Li Yanlei
Published: March 2018

The multi-baseline synthetic aperture radar (SAR) tomography (TomoSAR) system is employed in such applications as disaster remote sensing, urban 3-D reconstruction, and forest carbon storage estimation. This is because of its 3-D imaging capability in a single-pass platform. However, a high 3-D resolution of TomoSAR is based on the premise that the channel imbalance and antenna phase center (APC) position are precisely known. If this is not the case, the 3-D resolution performance will be seriously degraded. In this paper, a unified algorithm for channel imbalance and APC position calibration of a single-pass multi-baseline TomoSAR system is proposed. Based on the maximum likelihood method, as well as the least squares and the damped Newton method, we can calibrate the channel imbalance and APC position. The algorithm is suitable for near-field conditions, and no phase unwrapping operation is required. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been verified by simulation and experimental results.
Active Return-to-Center Control Based on Torque and Angle Sensors for Electric Power Steering Systems
Authors: Du Pan-Pan , Su Hao , Tang Gong-You
Published: March 2018

This paper presents a complete control strategy of the active return-to-center (RTC) control for electric power steering (EPS) systems. We first establish the mathematical model of the EPS system and analyze the source and influence of the self-aligning torque (SAT). Second, based on the feedback signals of steering column torque and steering wheel angle, we give the trigger conditions of a state switch between the steering assist state and the RTC state. In order to avoid the sudden change of the output torque for the driving motor when the state switches frequently between the steering assist state and the RTC state, we design an undisturbed state switching logic algorithm. This state switching logic algorithm ensures that the output value of the RTC controller is set to an initial value and increases in given steps up to a maximum value after entering the RTC state, and the output value of the RTC controller will reduce in given steps down to zero when exiting the RTC state. This therefore ensures smooth switch control between the two states and improves the driver’s steering feeling. Third, we design the RTC controller, which depends upon the feedback signals of the steering wheel angle and the angular velocity. In addition, the controller increases the auxiliary control function of the RTC torque based on vehicle speed. The experimental results show that the active RTC control method does not affect the basic assist characteristics, which effectively reduces the residual angle of the steering wheel at low vehicle speed and improves the RTC performance of the vehicle.
An RFID-Based Smart Nest Box: An Experimental Study of Laying Performance and Behavior of Individual Hens
Authors: Chien Ying-Ren , Chen Yu-Xian
Published: March 2018

This study designed a radio-frequency identification (RFID)-based Internet of Things (IoT) platform to create the core of a smart nest box. At the sensing level, we have deployed RFID-based sensors and egg detection sensors. A low-frequency RFID reader is installed in the bottom of the nest box and a foot ring RFID tag is worn on the leg of individual hens. The RFID-based sensors detect when a hen enters or exits the nest box. The egg-detection sensors are implemented with a resistance strain gauge pressure sensor, which weights the egg in the egg-collection tube. Thus, the smart nest box makes it possible to analyze the laying performance and behavior of individual hens. An evaluative experiment was performed using an enriched cage, a smart nest box, web camera, and monitoring console. The hens were allowed 14 days to become accustomed to the experimental environment before monitoring began. The proposed IoT platform makes it possible to analyze the egg yield of individual hens in real time, thereby enabling the replacement of hens with egg yield below a pre-defined level in order to meet the overall target egg yield rate. The results of this experiment demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed RFID-based smart nest box in monitoring the egg yield and laying behavior of individual hens.
GreenVMAS: Virtual Organization Based Platform for Heating Greenhouses Using Waste Energy from Power Plants
Authors: González-Briones Alfonso , Chamoso Pablo , Yoe Hyun , Corchado Juan
Published: March 2018

The gradual depletion of energy resources makes it necessary to optimize their use and to reuse them. Although great advances have already been made in optimizing energy generation processes, many of these processes generate energy that inevitably gets wasted. A clear example of this are nuclear, thermal and carbon power plants, which lose a large amount of energy that could otherwise be used for different purposes, such as heating greenhouses. The role of GreenVMAS is to maintain the required temperature level in greenhouses by using the waste energy generated by power plants. It incorporates a case-based reasoning system, virtual organizations and algorithms for data analysis and for efficient interaction with sensors and actuators. The system is context aware and scalable as it incorporates an artificial neural network, this means that it can operate correctly even if the number and characteristics of the greenhouses participating in the case study change. The architecture was evaluated empirically and the results show that the user’s energy bill is greatly reduced with the implemented system.
Single-Step Incubation Determination of miRNAs in Cancer Cells Using an Amperometric Biosensor Based on Competitive Hybridization onto Magnetic Beads
Authors: Vargas Eva , Povedano Eloy , Montiel Víctor , Torrente-Rodríguez Rebeca , Zouari Mohamed , Montoya Juan , Raouafi Noureddine , Campuzano Susana , Pingarrón José
Published: March 2018

This work reports an amperometric biosensor for the determination of miRNA-21, a relevant oncogene. The methodology involves a competitive DNA-target miRNA hybridization assay performed on the surface of magnetic microbeads (MBs) and amperometric transduction at screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). The target miRNA competes with a synthetic fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-modified miRNA with an identical sequence for hybridization with a biotinylated and complementary DNA probe (b-Cp) immobilized on the surface of streptavidin-modified MBs (b-Cp-MBs). Upon labeling, the FITC-modified miRNA attached to the MBs with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-FITC Fab fragments and magnetic capturing of the MBs onto the working electrode surface of SPCEs. The cathodic current measured at −0.20 V (versus the Ag pseudo-reference electrode) was demonstrated to be inversely proportional to the concentration of the target miRNA. This convenient biosensing method provided a linear range between 0.7 and 10.0 nM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.2 nM (5 fmol in 25 μL of sample) for the synthetic target miRNA without any amplification step. An acceptable selectivity towards single-base mismatched oligonucleotides, a high storage stability of the b-Cp-MBs, and usefulness for the accurate determination of miRNA-21 in raw total RNA (RNAt) extracted from breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were demonstrated.
Effects of Diatomite–Limestone Powder Ratio on Mechanical and Anti-Deformation Properties of Sustainable Sand Asphalt Composite
Authors: Cheng Yongchun , Zhu Chunfeng , Tao Jinglin , Jiao Yubo , Yu Di , Xiao Bo
Published: March 2018

Diatomite has gained more and more interest as a new resource, since it has potential as a favorable alternative to mineral filler in the construction of asphalt pavement compared with ordinary limestone powder. In this paper, the mechanical and anti-deformation properties of sand asphalt composites with various proportions of diatomite were investigated by a uniaxial compression failure test, a uniaxial compression repeated creep test, and a low-temperature splitting test in order to determine the optimal replacement content of ordinary limestone powder. Five groups of sand asphalts with various volume ratios of diatomite to limestone (0:1, 0.25:0.75, 0.5:0.5, 0.75:0.25, and 1:0) were determined by the simplex-lattice mixture design (SLD) method. The results reveal that the compression strength, anti-deformation properties, and low-temperature crack resistance of sand asphalts are improved through the use of diatomite. Furthermore, the optimal ratio (0.327:0.673) of limestone to diatomite is determined by the SLD method, according to secant modulus and creep strain results.
The Usage and Perception of Pedestrian Zones in Lithuanian Cities: Multiple Criteria and Comparative Analysis
Authors: Dičiūnaitė-Rauktienė Rūta , Gurskienė Virginija , Burinskienė Marija , Maliene Vida
Published: March 2018

As pedestrian zones are public spaces in urban areas, they are important in terms of meeting people’s needs. However, it is worth noting that attention should be paid not only to the development of the physical infrastructure, but also to a sustainable balance between the socio-economic and environmental aspects. To guide urban planning and management initiatives towards more sustainable patterns, it is essential to re-examine the already existing characteristics of cities, establishing how they are used and perceived by inhabitants. The present research suggests environmental, economic and social criteria that determine a greater vitality of pedestrian zones in cities and better life quality for the inhabitants. A questionnaire survey was used to assess common attitudes regarding the research topic in major cities in Lithuania. The multiple criteria decision-making COPRAS (COmplex PRoportional ASsessment) method was used for the formation of a priority queue. The research results showed the attitudes of inhabitants towards pedestrian zones in Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipėda. The inhabitants of these three cities regarded social and environmental criteria groups as the most significant. Contrary to what was expected and anticipated, respondents do not consider economic criteria as playing a key role in the sustainable preservation and development of pedestrian zones.
Structuring Ethical Interpretations of the Sustainable Development Goals—Concepts, Implications and Progress
Authors: Keitsch Martina
Published: March 2018

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), like the sustainable development (SD) concept itself, are open to multifaceted interpretations, and the same is true for their ethical implications. While SDG values are widely accepted as universal, the ethical structure of the SDGs is complex, with differing interpretations and ideas, e.g., on how to regard and value nature. This article is a conceptual attempt to clarify and structure ethical interpretations based on an environmental ethics framework consisting of two branches: anthropocentrism and biocentrism. The aim is to provide an overview of SDG positions and locate them in the wider field of environmental ethics, addressing the human–nature relationship as a recurring topic in the SDGs. Section 1 of this article presents environmental ethics and briefly discusses anthropocentrism and biocentrism. Section 2 outlines ethical similarities of SD and the SDGs and locates representative SDG interpretations within the environmental ethics framework. Section 3 summarizes findings and suggests a possibility of integrating biocentrism and anthropocentrism with regard to the further interpretation and discussion of SDG ethics. Insights from this article will aid researchers in adopting a better overview on ethical positions in the SDG debate.
Melioidosis in Papua New Guinea and Oceania
Authors: Warner Jeffrey , Currie Bart
Published: March 2018

Melioidosis has only been sporadically reported throughout Melanesia and the Pacific region since the first report from Guam in 1946; therefore, its contribution to the disease burden in this region is largely unknown. However, the outcome of a small number of active surveillance programs, serological surveys, and presumptive imported cases identified elsewhere provide an insight into its epidemiology and potential significance throughout the region. Both clinical cases and environmental reservoirs have been described from the rural district of Balimo in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea and from the Northern Province of New Caledonia. In both these locations the incidence of disease is similar to that described in tropical Australia and Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates are also phylogenetically linked to Australian isolates. Serological evidence and presumptive imported cases identified elsewhere suggest that melioidosis exists in other countries throughout the Pacific. However, the lack of laboratory facilities and clinical awareness, and the burden of other infections of public health importance such as tuberculosis, contribute to the under-recognition of melioidosis in this region.
Utilisation of Chimeric Lyssaviruses to Assess Vaccine Protection against Highly Divergent Lyssaviruses
Authors: Evans Jennifer , Wu Guanghui , Selden David , Buczkowski Hubert , Thorne Leigh , Fooks Anthony , Banyard Ashley
Published: March 2018

Lyssaviruses constitute a diverse range of viruses with the ability to cause fatal encephalitis known as rabies. Existing human rabies vaccines and post exposure prophylaxes (PEP) are based on inactivated preparations of, and neutralising antibody preparations directed against, classical rabies viruses, respectively. Whilst these prophylaxes are highly efficient at neutralising and preventing a productive infection with rabies virus, their ability to neutralise other lyssaviruses is thought to be limited. The remaining 15 virus species within the lyssavirus genus have been divided into at least three phylogroups that generally predict vaccine protection. Existing rabies vaccines afford protection against phylogroup I viruses but offer little to no protection against phylogroup II and III viruses. As such, work involving sharps with phylogroup II and III must be considered of high risk as no PEP is thought to have any effect on the prevention of a productive infection with these lyssaviruses. Whilst rabies virus itself has been characterised in a number of different animal models, data on the remaining lyssaviruses are scarce. As the lyssavirus glycoprotein is considered to be the sole target of neutralising antibodies we generated a vaccine strain of rabies using reverse genetics expressing highly divergent glycoproteins of West Caucasian Bat lyssavirus and Ikoma lyssavirus. Using these recombinants, we propose that recombinant vaccine strain derived lyssaviruses containing heterologous glycoproteins may be a suitable surrogate for wildtype viruses when assessing vaccine protection for the lyssaviruses.
Dynamic Management of Water Storage for Flood Control in a Wetland System: A Case Study in Texas
Authors: Leon Arturo , Tang Yun , Chen Duan , Yolcu Ahmet , Glennie Craig , Pennings Steven
Published: March 2018

In this study, we assess the costs and benefits of dynamic management of water storage to improve flood control in a system of wetlands. This management involves releasing water from wetlands ahead of (e.g., a few hours or days before) a rainfall event that is forecasted to produce flooding. Each project site may present different challenges and topographical conditions, however as long as there is a relatively small hydraulic gradient between the wetland water surface and the drainage ditch (e.g., >0.9 m), wetlands can be engineered for the purpose of flood control. We present a case study for a system comprised of four wetland areas encompassing 925 acres in the coastal plain south of Houston, Texas. The benefit–cost analysis shows that, in general, the benefits of wetland ecosystems far surpass the costs of construction and maintenance for all considered periods of analysis and assumed degrees of dynamic management of wetland storage. The analysis also shows that the benefit/cost ratios increase over the period of analysis. Considering flood protection only (e.g., not considering the value of other ecosystem services), as long as dynamic management of wetland storage increases flood protection by about 50% compared to that with no management (e.g., a typical wetland with no controlled release of water), the construction of a wetland system would have a benefit/cost ratio of at least 1.9.
Multi-Objective Assessment of the Ecological Flow Requirement in the Upper Yangtze National Nature Reserve in China Using PHABSIM
Authors: Wang Huan , Wang Hao , Hao Zhenchun , Wang Xu , Liu Meng , Wang Yali
Published: March 2018

Many dams have been constructed or are planned all around China. These dams significantly change the hydrological regime and sand concentration downstream, and subsequently affect the river habitat and riverbed substances. Therefore, a good understanding of the river habitat is urgently required to undertake efficient measures for fish diversity conservation. A multi-objective assessment method based on the Physical Habitat Simulation system (PHABSIM) was utilized to calculate the ecological river flow demand using maximum weighted usable area (WUA) and minimum river discharge as the main objectives. The study employed this method to assess ecological water flow demand in the National Nature Reserve for Rare and Endemic Fish in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Multiple factors such as the degree of endangerment, fish value (ecological value, economic value and scientific research value), data acquisition difficulty, and species representativeness were taken into consideration during selection of indicator fish for coupled habitat analysis. Requirements for both growth and breeding during the study period were considered. Ten species of fishes were chosen as indicator fishes, including floating egg and sinking egg fishes. Additionally, we applied the principle of “minimization of habitat demand and maximization of ecological demand” to include the needs of all indicator fishes. Further, this method comprehensively considered requirements for ecological flow and economic development. The results highlighted that an optimal ecological river flow demand of 2395 m3/s was needed to satisfy the needs for habitat protection and 1890 m3/s was required to meet the needs of social and economic development. The methods used in this study and results obtained, provide a valuable reference for water resources planning and ecosystem protection in other rivers and lakes.
Parenthetical "I'm telling you" as a marker of private evidence
Authors: Reese Brian , Soh Hooi Ling
Published: March 2018

We present an analysis of parenthetical uses of the English expression I'm telling you as a discourse particle, i.e., an expression that conveys information about the epistemic states of discourse participants with respect to the propositional content of an utterance (Zimmermann 2011). The analysis connects I’m telling you to other discourse particles that mark the speaker’s assumptions about whether the (evidence for the) asserted proposition is shared knowledge between the speaker and addressee and whether or not the (evidence for the) proposition is ``verifiable on the spot'', e.g. German ja (Kratzer 1999, 2004), Mandarin de (Soh 2018).
Rotational and Infrared Spectroscopy of Ethanimine: A Route toward Its Astrophysical and Planetary Detection
Authors: Melli Alessio , Melosso Mattia , Tasinato Nicola , Bosi Giulio , Spada Lorenzo , Bloino Julien , Mendolicchio Marco , Dore Luca , Barone Vincenzo , Puzzarini Cristina
Published: March 2018

Ethanimine, a possible precursor of amino acids, is considered an important prebiotic molecule and thus may play important roles in the formation of biological building blocks in the interstellar medium. In addition, its identification in Titan’s atmosphere would be important for understanding the abiotic synthesis of organic species. An accurate computational characterization of the molecular structure, energetics, and spectroscopic properties of the E and Z isomers of ethanimine, CH3CHNH, has been carried out by means of a composite scheme based on coupled-cluster techniques, which also account for extrapolation to the complete basis-set limit and core-valence correlation correction, combined with density functional theory for the treatment of vibrational anharmonic effects. By combining the computational results with new millimeter-wave measurements up to 300 GHz, the rotational spectrum of both isomers can be accurately predicted up to 500 GHz. Furthermore, our computations allowed us to revise the infrared spectrum of both E- and Z-CH3CHNH, thus predicting all fundamental bands with high accuracy.
MOCCA-SURVEY Database. I. Eccentric Black Hole Mergers during Binary–Single Interactions in Globular Clusters
Authors: Samsing Johan , Askar Abbas , Giersz Mirek
Published: March 2018

We estimate the population of eccentric gravitational wave (GW) binary black hole (BBH) mergers forming during binary–single interactions in globular clusters (GCs), using ∼800 GC models that were evolved using the MOCCA code for star cluster simulations as part of the MOCCA-Survey Database I project. By re-simulating BH binary–single interactions extracted from this set of GC models using an N-body code that includes GW emission at the 2.5 post-Newtonian level, we find that ∼10% of all the BBHs assembled in our GC models that merge at present time form during chaotic binary–single interactions, and that about half of this sample have an eccentricity >0.1 at 10 Hz. We explicitly show that this derived rate of eccentric mergers is ∼100 times higher than one would find with a purely Newtonian N-body code. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the eccentric fraction can be accurately estimated using a simple analytical formalism when the interacting BHs are of similar mass, a result that serves as the first successful analytical description of eccentric GW mergers forming during three-body interactions in realistic GCs.
Discovery of Three New Millisecond Pulsars in Terzan 5
Authors: Cadelano M. , Ransom S. M. , Freire P. C. C. , Ferraro F. R. , Hessels J. W. T. , Lanzoni B. , Pallanca C. , Stairs I. H.
Published: March 2018

We report on the discovery of three new millisecond pulsars (MSPs; namely J1748−2446aj, J1748−2446ak, and J1748−2446al) in the inner regions of the dense stellar system Terzan 5. These pulsars have been discovered thanks to a method, alternative to the classical search routines, that exploited the large set of archival observations of Terzan 5 acquired with the Green Bank Telescope over five years (from 2010 to 2015). This technique allowed the analysis of stacked power spectra obtained by combining ∼206 hr of observation. J1748−2446aj has a spin period of ∼2.96 ms, J1748−2446ak of ∼1.89 ms (thus it is the fourth fastest pulsar in the cluster) and J1748−2446al of ∼5.95 ms. All three MSPs are isolated, and currently we have timing solutions only for J1748−2446aj and J1748−2446ak. For these two systems, we evaluated the contribution to the measured spin-down rate of the acceleration due to the cluster potential field, thus estimating the intrinsic spin-down rates, which are in agreement with those typically measured for MSPs in globular clusters (GCs). Our results increase the number of pulsars known in Terzan 5 to 37, which now hosts 25% of the entire pulsar population identified, so far, in GCs.
Deep Chandra Observations of ESO 428-G014. II. Spectral Properties and Morphology of the Large-scale Extended X-Ray Emission
Authors: Fabbiano G. , Paggi A. , Karovska M. , Elvis M. , Maksym W. P. , Risaliti G. , Wang Junfeng
Published: March 2018

We present a deep Chandra spectral and spatial study of the kpc-scale diffuse X-ray emission of the Compton-thick (CT) active galactic nucleus (AGN) ESO 428-G014. The entire spectrum is best fit with composite photoionization + thermal models. The diffuse emission is more extended at lower energies (<3 keV). The smaller extent of the hard continuum and Fe Kα profiles implies that the optically thicker clouds responsible for this scattering may be relatively more prevalent closer to the nucleus. These clouds must not prevent soft ionizing X-rays from the AGN escaping to larger radii, in order to have photoionized ISM at larger radii. This suggests that at smaller radii, there may be a larger population of molecular clouds to scatter the hard X-rays, as in the Milky Way. The diffuse emission is also significantly extended in the cross-cone direction, where the AGN emission would be mostly obscured by the torus in the standard AGN model. Our results suggest that the transmission of the obscuring region in the cross-cone direction is ∼10% of that in the cone direction. In the 0.3–1.5 keV band, the ratio of cross-cone to cone photons increases to ∼84%, suggesting an additional soft diffuse emission component disjoint from the AGN. This could be due to hot ISM trapped in the potential of the galaxy. The luminosity of this component, ∼5 × 1038 erg s−1, is roughly consistent with the thermal component suggested by the spectral fits in the 170–900 pc annulus.
Hydrogen Dimers in Giant-planet Infrared Spectra
Authors: Fletcher Leigh N. , Gustafsson Magnus , Orton Glenn S.
Published: March 2018

Despite being one of the weakest dimers in nature, low-spectral-resolution Voyager/IRIS observations revealed the presence of (H2)2 dimers on Jupiter and Saturn in the 1980s. However, the collision-induced H2–H2 opacity databases widely used in planetary science have thus far only included free-to-free transitions and have neglected the contributions of dimers. Dimer spectra have both fine-scale structure near the S(0) and S(1) quadrupole lines (354 and 587 cm−1, respectively), and broad continuum absorption contributions up to ±50 cm−1 from the line centers. We develop a new ab initio model for the free-to-bound, bound-to-free, and bound-to-bound transitions of the hydrogen dimer for a range of temperatures (40–400 K) and para-hydrogen fractions (0.25–1.0). The model is validated against low-temperature laboratory experiments, and used to simulate the spectra of the giant planets. The new collision-induced opacity database permits high-resolution (0.5–1.0 cm−1) spectral modeling of dimer spectra near S(0) and S(1) in both Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer observations of Jupiter and Saturn, and in Spitzer Infrared Spectrometer (IRS) observations of Uranus and Neptune for the first time. Furthermore, the model reproduces the dimer signatures observed in Voyager/IRIS data near S(0) on Jupiter and Saturn, and generally lowers the amount of para-H2 (and the extent of disequilibrium) required to reproduce IRIS observations.
An Information Retrieval and Recommendation System for Astronomical Observatories
Authors: Mukund Nikhil , Thakur Saurabh , Abraham Sheelu , Aniyan A. K. , Mitra Sanjit , Philip Ninan Sajeeth , Vaghmare Kaustubh , Acharjya D. P.
Published: March 2018

We present a machine-learning-based information retrieval system for astronomical observatories that tries to address user-defined queries related to an instrument. In the modern instrumentation scenario where heterogeneous systems and talents are simultaneously at work, the ability to supply people with the right information helps speed up the tasks for detector operation, maintenance, and upgradation. The proposed method analyzes existing documented efforts at the site to intelligently group related information to a query and to present it online to the user. The user in response can probe the suggested content and explore previously developed solutions or probable ways to address the present situation optimally. We demonstrate natural language-processing-backed knowledge rediscovery by making use of the open source logbook data from the Laser Interferometric Gravitational Observatory (LIGO). We implement and test a web application that incorporates the above idea for LIGO Livingston, LIGO Hanford, and Virgo observatories.
Observable Signatures of Wind-driven Chemistry with a Fully Consistent Three-dimensional Radiative Hydrodynamics Model of HD 209458b
Authors: Drummond B. , Mayne N. J. , Manners J. , Carter A. L. , Boutle I. A. , Baraffe I. , Hébrard É. , Tremblin P. , Sing D. K. , Amundsen D. S. , Acreman D.
Published: March 2018

We present a study of the effect of wind-driven advection on the chemical composition of hot-Jupiter atmospheres using a fully consistent 3D hydrodynamics, chemistry, and radiative transfer code, the Met Office Unified Model (UM). Chemical modeling of exoplanet atmospheres has primarily been restricted to 1D models that cannot account for 3D dynamical processes. In this work, we couple a chemical relaxation scheme to the UM to account for the chemical interconversion of methane and carbon monoxide. This is done consistently with the radiative transfer meaning that departures from chemical equilibrium are included in the heating rates (and emission) and hence complete the feedback between the dynamics, thermal structure, and chemical composition. In this Letter, we simulate the well studied atmosphere of HD 209458b. We find that the combined effect of horizontal and vertical advection leads to an increase in the methane abundance by several orders of magnitude, which is directly opposite to the trend found in previous works. Our results demonstrate the need to include 3D effects when considering the chemistry of hot-Jupiter atmospheres. We calculate transmission and emission spectra, as well as the emission phase curve, from our simulations. We conclude that gas-phase nonequilibrium chemistry is unlikely to explain the model–observation discrepancy in the 4.5 μm Spitzer/IRAC channel. However, we highlight other spectral regions, observable with the James Webb Space Telescope, where signatures of wind-driven chemistry are more prominant.
Detection of Propagating Fast Sausage Waves through Detailed Analysis of a Zebra-pattern Fine Structure in a Solar Radio Burst
Authors: Kaneda K. , Misawa H. , Iwai K. , Masuda S. , Tsuchiya F. , Katoh Y. , Obara T.
Published: March 2018

Various magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves have recently been detected in the solar corona and investigated intensively in the context of coronal heating and coronal seismology. In this Letter, we report the first detection of short-period propagating fast sausage mode waves in a metric radio spectral fine structure observed with the Assembly of Metric-band Aperture Telescope and Real-time Analysis System. Analysis of Zebra patterns (ZPs) in a type-IV burst revealed a quasi-periodic modulation in the frequency separation between the adjacent stripes of the ZPs (Δf ). The observed quasi-periodic modulation had a period of 1–2 s and exhibited a characteristic negative frequency drift with a rate of 3–8 MHz s−1. Based on the double plasma resonance model, the most accepted generation model of ZPs, the observed quasi-periodic modulation of the ZP can be interpreted in terms of fast sausage mode waves propagating upward at phase speeds of 3000–8000 km s−1. These results provide us with new insights for probing the fine structure of coronal loops.
Torques Induced by Scattered Pebble-flow in Protoplanetary Disks
Authors: Benítez-Llambay Pablo , Pessah Martin E.
Published: March 2018

Fast inward migration of planetary cores is a common problem in the current planet formation paradigm. Even though dust is ubiquitous in protoplanetary disks, its dynamical role in the migration history of planetary embryos has not been assessed. In this Letter, we show that the scattered pebble-flow induced by a low-mass planetary embryo leads to an asymmetric dust-density distribution that is able to exert a net torque. By analyzing a large suite of multifluid hydrodynamical simulations addressing the interaction between the disk and a low-mass planet on a fixed circular orbit, and neglecting dust feedback onto the gas, we identify two different regimes, gas- and gravity-dominated, where the scattered pebble-flow results in almost all cases in positive torques. We collect our measurements in a first torque map for dusty disks, which will enable the incorporation of the effect of dust dynamics on migration into population synthesis models. Depending on the dust drift speed, the dust-to-gas mass ratio/distribution, and the embryo mass, the dust-induced torque has the potential to halt inward migration or even induce fast outward migration of planetary cores. We thus anticipate that dust-driven migration could play a dominant role during the formation history of planets. Because dust torques scale with disk metallicity, we propose that dust-driven outward migration may enhance the occurrence of distant giant planets in higher-metallicity systems.
Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by the Islamic State: Nature of the Threat
Authors: Mrva David
Published: March 2018

The proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) on the battlefield does not exclude terrorist actors. Recently, there is an evident increase in the number of incidents when the so called Islamic State has used UAVs. This article tries to describe this relatively new phenomenon and present an overview of main types of the potential Islamic State's UAV employment in Europe. Despite the fact, that the UAV use by terrorist actors will probably not have strategic impact by itself, it constitutes a new challenge for state security agencies.
Invasion stages and potential distributions of seven exotic terrestrial isopods in Japan
Authors: Karasawa Shigenori , Nakata Kensuke
Published: March 2018

Evaluating potential distribution areas and limiting factors for the distribution of exotic species in invasive regions are essential to identify risks and protect the native ecosystem. However, less research has been conducted on the underground ecosystem than for above-ground. Factors, limiting the distributions of exotic terrestrial isopods, have been identified and their invasive stages and potential distribution areas in Japan evaluated. A database of distribution data has been developed for 17,412 terrestrial isopod specimens in Japan and two ecological niche models constructed using 19 bioclimatic variables; the regional model was calculated using data from Japan (invasive region) only, whereas a combination of data from Japan and North America (invasive regions) and Europe (native region) was used to construct the global model. The global model predicted that annual mean temperature and mean diurnal-temperature range were the important limiting factors for most exotic isopods. It was found thatArmadillidiumnasatumBudde-Lund, 1833,A.vulgareLatreille, 1804,HaplophthalmusdanicusBudde-Lund, 1880,PorcelliolaevisLatreille, 1804,P.scaberLatreille, 1804 andPorcellionidespruinosus(Brandt, 1833) were composed of stabilising and colonising populations, which enabled prediction of the future spread of distribution areas for these species in Japan.PorcelliodilatatusBrandt, 1833 was introduced in unstable environments and thus was found in fewer locations.
New species of Cylindrocladiella from plantation soils in South-East Asia
Authors: Pham Nam Q. , Barnes Irene , Chen ShuaiFei , Pham Thu Q. , Lombard Lorenzo , Crous Pedro W. , Wingfield Michael J.
Published: March 2018

Cylindrocladiella spp. are widely distributed especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions, where they are mainly known as saprobes although some species are plant pathogens. Very little is known about these fungi in South-East Asia. The aim of this study was to identify a collection of Cylindrocladiella isolates from soils collected in forest nurseries and plantations in Vietnam and Malaysia. This was achieved using DNA sequence comparisons and morphological observations. The study revealed two previously described species, Cy.lageniformis and Cy.peruviana as well as five novel taxa, described here as Cy.arbusta sp. nov., Cy.malesiana sp. nov., Cy.obpyriformis sp. nov., Cy.parvispora sp. nov. and Cy.solicola sp. nov. A relatively small collection of isolates from a limited geographic sampling revealed an unexpectedly high level of Cylindrocladiella diversity suggesting that many more species in this genus await discovery in South-East Asia.
Complementary anatomy of Actinocyclus verrucosus (Nudibranchia, Doridoidea, Actinocyclidae) from Indo-Pacific
Authors: Lima Patricia Oristanio V. , Simone Luiz Ricardo L.
Published: March 2018

The last review of the genus Actinocyclus consider only two valid species for the genus: Actinocyclusverrucosus Ehrenberg, 1831 (type species of the genus) and Actinocycluspapillatus (Bergh, 1878), both with a geographical distribution in the Indo-Pacific. The anatomy of these species is still unknown, except for some scanty anatomical information. A detailed anatomical study of Actinocyclusverrucosus is performed, including inedited structures such as digestive system, odontophore muscles and circulatory system, beyond complementary information on the commonly studied structures, in order to clarify the taxonomy and distribution.
Flares in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis after Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty: Rates, Characteristics, and Risk Factors
Authors: Goodman Susan M. , Bykerk Vivian P. , DiCarlo Edward , Cummings Ryan W. , Donlin Laura T. , Orange Dana E. , Hoang Annie , Mirza Serene , McNamara Michael , Andersen Kayte , Bartlett Susan J. , Szymonifka Jackie , Figgie Mark P.
Published: March 2018

Objective.

Rates of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) remain high for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who are at risk of flaring after surgery. We aimed to describe rates, characteristics, and risk factors of RA flare within 6 weeks of THA and TKA.

Methods.

Patients with RA were recruited prior to elective THA and TKA surgery and prospectively followed. Clinicians evaluated RA clinical characteristics 0–2 weeks before and 6 weeks after surgery. Patients answered questions regarding disease activity including self-reported joint counts and flare status weekly for 6 weeks. Per standard of care, biologics were stopped before surgery, while glucocorticoids and methotrexate (MTX) were typically continued. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify baseline characteristics associated with postsurgical RA flares.

Results.

Of 120 patients, the mean age was 62 years and the median RA duration 14.8 years. Ninety-eight (82%) met 2010/1987 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria, 53 (44%) underwent THA (and the rest TKA), and 61 (51%) were taking biologics. By 6 weeks, 75 (63%) had flared. At baseline, flarers had significantly higher disease activity (as measured by the 28-joint Disease Activity Score), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and pain. Numerically more flarers used biologics, but stopping biologics did not predict flares, and continuing MTX was not protective. A higher baseline disease activity predicted flaring by 6 weeks (OR 2.12, p = 0.02).

Conclusion.

Flares are frequent in patients with RA undergoing arthroplasty. Higher baseline disease activity significantly increases the risk. Although more patients stopping biologics flared, this did not independently predict flaring. The effect of early postsurgery flares requires further study.
Sous le signe de Rabia : circulations et segmentations des mobilisations (trans)nationales en Turquie
Authors: Vannetzel Marie
Published: March 2018

À partir de l’été 2013, à la suite du renversement par l’armée du président Morsi et du massacre de ses partisans, le geste de la main présentant quatre doigts tendus et le pouce replié est devenu un symbole de solidarité avec les Frères musulmans égyptiens (FM). S’il s’est diffusé à travers le monde, c’est en Turquie que ce geste, appelé « signe de Rabia » en référence au nom de la place où le massacre a eu lieu, a connu le succès le plus important, tout en prenant des significations différentes. Comment rendre compte de son adoption et de son adaptation dans le contexte turc ? Ce processus est-il dû à la présence de nombreux exilés FM dans ce pays ? Cette étude montre que, loin de ne constituer qu’un contexte d’accueil, les espaces nationaux et transnationaux islamiques en Turquie ont été les coproducteurs du signe et de ses interprétations. Elle met en évidence la façon dont la circulation de ce signe s’articule à des logiques non seulement de synchronisation des mobilisations dans ces espaces, mais aussi de segmentation, notamment entre ces espaces et l’espace diasporique des FM.
Recompositions islamistes sunnites et polarisation confessionnelle dans le Yémen en guerre
Authors: Bonnefoy Laurent , al-Rubaidi Abdulsalam
Published: March 2018

Le conflit yéménite, qui a suivi, quatre ans après, les mobilisations pacifiques du « Printemps » de 2011, est souvent interprété, hâtivement, à travers une grille de lecture géopolitique qui fait de lui la marque de la rivalité entre l’Iran et l’Arabie Saoudite, sur fond de fracture confessionnelle. Dépassant cette approche, nous nous intéressons aux recompositions politico-religieuses survenues dans ce pays depuis 2013, en contexte de conflit violent. Nous interrogeons les processus de construction de la polarisation entre sunnites et chiites, en rupture avec un agencement confessionnel particulier, et les effets produits au sein du champ islamiste sunnite. La relégation du parti al-Islah, représentant les Frères musulmans, s’accompagne d’une montée en puissance des entrepreneurs salafis. Cette dynamique signale la reconfiguration des ressources mobilisées, en affirmant la valorisation de l’engagement militaire. Dès lors, notre contribution appréhende le conflit armé en tant que moment privilégié pour observer les processus de fabrique des identités à partir des déclarations d’entrepreneurs islamistes, des alliances nouées sur le front ou des confrontations.
Chapitre 5. Les diagnostics sur l’embryon et le fœtus : leurs conséquences
Authors: Nisand Israël
Published: March 2018

Le statut de l’embryon n’a cessé d’évoluer dans nos esprits depuis qu’on est capable de le voir, de l’examiner en détail, d’en déterminer la normalité et les compétences et surtout depuis qu’on est en mesure de le soigner in utero. L’embryon et le fœtus sont devenus des patients. Mais pas tout à fait comme les autres. Car trop malades, on a le droit d’interrompre leurs vies, euthanasie active qui n’est pas possible dans les autres branches de la médecine. Le statut juridique de l’embryon et du fœtus, en constante évolution, ne peut pas être confondu avec l’essence de l’embryon et du fœtus qui est de nature philosophique, voire théologique, mais sûrement pas juridique. L’embryon et le fœtus humains sont bien sûr des êtres humains potentiels qui n’ont pas encore acquis tous les droits de la personne. Ces droits de l’embryon et du fœtus augmentent progressivement jusqu’à la naissance vivante où ils deviennent complets.
Le travail, ce pivot essentiel et fragile
Authors: Dupuis Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2018

D’où viennent les immigrants qui choisissent le Québec ? Restent-ils ici à long terme ou partent-ils sitôt arrivés ? Sont-ils en mesure de réussir leur intégration ? Leur donnons-nous les outils nécessaires ? L’inclusion sociale passe beaucoup par l’emploi : nous devons donc comprendre les enjeux en présence pour favoriser et améliorer l’intégration des nouveaux arrivants à la société québécoise.
L’interminable course à obstacles
Authors: Chicha Marie-Thérèse , Gril Emmanuelle
Published: March 2018

D’année en année, les statistiques québécoises relatives à l’intégration des immigrants au marché du travail font état de peu de progrès. Ceux-ci affichent toujours un taux de chômage bien supérieur à celui de la population en général. État des lieux.
La gestion territoriale des ressources humaines – Une réponse collective aux besoins de main-d’œuvre
Authors: Racine Michel , Gril Emmanuelle
Published: March 2018

Le recrutement de main-d’œuvre constitue le nerf de la guerre de bien des entreprises, en particulier dans les secteurs où les travailleurs qualifiés manquent à l’appel. Dans un tel contexte, la gestion territoriale des ressources humaines peut constituer une piste de solution. Aperçu des pratiques qui émergent dans les régions de Québec et de Chaudière-Appalaches.
Occurrence of aflatoxin B1 inTriticum species inoculated withAspergillus flavus
Authors: Krulj J. , Đisalov J. , Bočarov-Stančić A. , Pezo L. , Kojić J. , Vidaković A. , Solarov M. Bodroža
Published: March 2018

Effects of climate change, global trade and technological changes in processing industries cause higher occurrence ofAspergillus flavusand aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in cereal crops. FourTriticumspecies: common wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), spelt (T. aestivumssp.speltaL.), Khorasan wheat (Triticum turgidumssp.turanicumJakubz.) and hybrid wheat (T. aestivumL.– F1) were examined for their response toA. flavusinfection and production of AFB1. The grains were obtained from control and artificially field inoculated wheat withA. flavusisolates (No. 1 and No. 2) in the 2016 vegetation season in the region of Vojvodina (Northern province of Serbia). Spelt wheat showed the strongest response to the infection in comparison to other analysed wheat species due to specific physico-chemical characteristics of the hull. The weakest response toA. flavusinfections was noted in Khorasan wheat. The highest AFB1level (256 μg/kg) was observed in the dehulled spelt grains, in comparison to other species where the AFB1in dehulled grains was not detected. The levels of AFB1in spelt were about three times higher in hulls (648 and 97.3 μg/kg, respectively) in comparison to grains (256 and 30.7 μg/kg, respectively) in two inoculation treatments (A. flavusNo. 1 and No. 2, respectively). In order to investigate the impact of wheat hulls on development ofA. flavus, including the biosynthesis of toxic fungal metabolites, physico-chemical and structural properties of differentTriticumspp. hulls were characterised. The highest value of the water absorption index and total dietary fibre were observed in spelt hulls in comparison to other wheat species. Additionally, the height value distribution of the fossilized stomatal apparatus of hulls indicates the diversity of spelt wheat compared to other wheat species.
Cloud Tools for the Development of Project Management in SMEs
Authors: Pérez-Uribe Rafael Ignacio , Torres Daniel A. , Jurado Sandra Patricia Buendía , Prada Diana Mendoza
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to determine the amount of knowledge that students who worked in SMEs (in this case, subject matter experts) of the specialization in project management at EAN University in the semester I and II of 2016. It is examined how their knowledge of the tools and solutions in the cloud and the percentage of use of such tools in the management of their projects. Five specific objectives were achieved: 1) Explain the concept of the cloud, advantages and disadvantages of its implementation. 2) Establish the level of information that entrepreneurs and SME workers had about the cloud and its management tools 3) To present some of the tools available in the cloud for the management of projects in SMEs, 4) To determine the preferences regarding the cloud tools used for the management of their projects and 5) To identify the advantages and disadvantages observed by Entrepreneurs - students, when using the tools offered by the cloud.
Strategy
Authors: Ospina&Bermeo Javier
Published: March 2018

The present chapter is a contribution to the people who currently have problems in the management of their SME or also to any person who has thought about the possibility of launching themselves into the marvelous world of undertaking a project of moderate size in the hope of seeing it Consolidated, without the problems he has heard from others who have failed in the attempt and who say that the worst thing has been to make the leap to the void without some referents to start the dream odyssey. In these pages the theoretical basis and the suggested instruments for the application are found, all this provided from the thought of some colleagues who are knowledgeable about the strategy and of who has prepared and writes with special dedication the present document.