bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity analysis on the pollutant trapping efficiencies of a novel sewerage overflow screening device
Authors: Aziz M. A. , Imteaz M. A. , Rasel H. M. , Samsuzzoha M.
Published: August 2016

A novel ‘Comb Separator’ was developed and tested with the aim of improving sewer solids capture efficiency and reducing blockages on the screen. Experimental results were compared against the industry standard ‘Hydro-Jet™’ screen. Analysing the parameter sensitivity of a hydraulic screen is a standard practice to get better understanding of the device performance. In order to understand the uncertainties of the Comb Separator's input parameters, it is necessary to undertake sensitivity analysis; this will assist in making informed decisions regarding the use of this device. Such analysis will validate the device's performance in urban sewerage overflow scenarios. The methodology includes multiple linear regression and sampling using the standard Latin hypercube sampling technique to perform sensitivity analysis on different experimental parameters, such as flowrate, effective comb spacing, device runtime, weir opening and comb layers. The input parameters ‘weir opening’ and ‘comb layers’ have an insignificant influence on capture efficiency; hence, they were omitted from further analysis. Among the input parameters, ‘effective spacing’ was the most influential, followed by ‘inflow’ and ‘runtime’. These analyses provide better insights about the sensitivities of the parameters for practical application. This will assist device managers and operators to make informed decisions.
A munkahelyi mobbing kezelésének jogi vetületei
Authors: Bányai Gábor , Boruzs Klára , Bíró Klára
Published: August 2016

A munkahelyi mobbing, pszichológiai zaklatás komoly kihívást jelenthet egy szervezet vezetése számára. A jelenség maga egyáltalán nem új keletű, de egyelőre annak felismerése is gondot jelent és ebből következően a megelőzésére, kezelésre tett lépések is kezdetlegesek. Az mára egyértelművé vált, hogy a jelenség nem csak az egyén szintjén jelent problémát, hanem a munkahelyi szervezet egészére káros hatással van. Az ilyen közegben dolgozó (és nem csak közvetlenül érintett) munkavállalók elhivatottsága csökken, ami kihathat a szervezet teljesítményére is. A jelenséggel kapcsolatos általános jellegű, illetve szabályozási hiányosságokat egy hazai jogeseten keresztül kívánom bemutatni.
A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Routine Duplex Ultrasound Surveillance on Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation
Authors: Han Ahram , Min Seung-Kee , Kim Mi-Sook , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Jungsun , Ha Jongwon , Lee Joongyub , Min Sang-il
Published: August 2016

Background and objectives

Use of arteriovenous fistulas, the most preferred type of access for hemodialysis, is limited by their high maturation failure rate. The aim of this study was to assess whether aggressive surveillance with routine duplex ultrasound and intervention can decrease the maturation failure rate of arteriovenous fistulas.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We conducted a single–center, parallel–group, randomized, controlled trial of patients undergoing autogenous arteriovenous fistula. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the routine duplex or selective duplex group. In the routine duplex group, duplex ultrasound and physical examination were performed 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. In the selective duplex group, duplex examination was performed only when physical examination detected an abnormality. The primary end point was the maturation failure rate 8 weeks after fistula creation. Maturation failure was defined as the inability to achieve clinical maturation (i.e., a successful first use) and failure to achieve sonographic maturation (fistula flow >500 ml/min and diameter >6 mm) within 8 weeks.

Results

Between June 14, 2012, and June 25, 2014, 150 patients were enrolled (75 patients in each group), and 118 of those were included in the final analysis. The maturation failure rate was lower in the routine duplex group (8 of 59; 13.6%) than in the selective duplex group (15 of 59; 25.4%), but the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 1.19; P=0.10). Factors associated with maturation failure were women (odds ratio, 3.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 14.06; P=0.04), coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 6.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.62 to 24.95; P<0.01), diabetes (odds ratio, 6.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.76 to 21.19; P<0.01), and the preoperative cephalic vein diameter (odds ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.13 to 0.71; P<0.01).

Conclusions

Postoperative routine duplex surveillance failed to prove superiority compared with selective duplex after physical examination for reducing arteriovenous fistula maturation failure. However, the wide 95% confidence interval for the effect of intervention precludes a firm conclusion that routine duplex surveillance was not beneficial.
Ekstrak ikan haruan (Channa striata) meningkatkan jumlah neokapiler pada penyembuhan luka (Extract of haruan (Channa striata) increases neocapillaries count in wound healing process )
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Reza , Dewi Nurdiana , Oktaviyanti Ika Kustiyah
Published: August 2016

Haruan is Kalimantan’s indigenous fish which has the potency to accelerate wound healing. Haruan extract has substantial properties suchas albumin, Zn,Cu, andFeto accelerate wound healing. The purposeof this study is to assess the effect of haruan extract on wistar rats buccal mucosa wound healing on day 1, 3, 5, and 7 histopathologically. This study was purely experimental with pretest-posttest with control group design. Samples were divided into 4 treatment groups, haruan extract 25%, 50%, 100% treatment groups and aquadest treatment group as negative control, each treatment wasperformed for 7 days. Neocapillariescount reached its peak on day 5. Mean neocapillaries scoring of each group was 12, 16.5, 18.5, 6 respectively. Two way Anova and post hoc LSD tests presented a significant difference between negative control and haruan extract groups. In conclusion, haruan extract treatment significantly increased neocapillaries count in wound healing process.

Haruan adalah ikankhas Kalimantan yangberpotensi mempercepat penyembuhanluka. Ekstrak ikan haruan mengandung zat penting seperti albumin, Zn , Cu, dan Fe untuk mempercepat penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak ikan haruan pada proses penyembuhan luka pada mukosa bukal tikus wistar hari ke-1, 3, 5, dan 7 secara histopatologi. Penelitian eksperimental murni dengan pretest-posttest with control group ini, meliputi 4 kelompok,yaitu kelompok hewan yang diberi ekstrak haruan selama7 hari dengan konsentrasi berturut-turut 25%, 50%, 100%, dan kelompok kontrol negatif diberi akuades. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa jumlah neokapiler mencapai puncak pada hari ke-5. Rerata jumlah neokapiler pada tiap kelompok berturut adalah 12; 16,5; 18,5; dan 6. Uji Anova 2-jalur dan uji post hoc LSDmenunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara kontrol negatif dan ekstrak ikan haruan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak ikan haruan secara bermakna meningkatkan jumlah neokapiler pada proses penyembuhan luka.
Fronteiras Imperiais: a Amazônia Colonial e as fontes jesuíticas
Authors: Martins Maria Cristina Bohn
Published: August 2016

A avaliação das fontes jesuíticas pode ser importante recurso para a compreensão das disputas travadas em áreas de fronteira dos impérios coloniais na América. Na Amazônia, no período final da União Ibérica, percebe-se um acirramento das tensões entre os jesuítas da Missão de Maynas e os agentes da colonização portuguesa cada vez mais presentes na área. A principal questão do conflito aí instalado residia no interesse de uns e outros pelo acesso aos grupos indígenas da região. Esta situação pode ser percebida de forma muito explícita nas Relaciones escritas por Alonso de Rojas e Christóbal de Acuña, religiosos do Colégio Jesuíta de Quito, as quais se constituíram em objeto de análise deste artigo.
O Juiz de Fora que veio para ficar: um estudo sobre circulação e enraizamento de oficiais da Justiça no Império Luso-Brasileiro de Dom João e Dom Pedro
Authors: Comissoli Adriano
Published: August 2016

Durante os anos de 1808 a 1831 operou-se uma importante alteração no espaço político luso-brasileiro o qual privilegiou a ascensão de antigos oficiais administrativos na vida política. O artigo aborda esta mudança por meio do fenômeno do enraizamento de oficiais da Justiça, os juízes de fora, na realidade do extremo sul brasileiro, mais precisamente a vila de Porto Alegre. Investiga-se a inserção na sociedade a partir do cumprimento do oficio, estabelecimento de alianças com a elite local, evento que possibilitou o preenchimento dos novos nichos políticos.
Para a utilidade do Estado e “Glória à Nação”: a Real Casa Pia de Lisboa nos tempos de Pina Manique (1780-1805)
Authors: Rodrigues Neuma Brilhante
Published: August 2016

Diogo Ignácio de Pina Manique criou a Casa Pia de Lisboa em 1780 e esteve à frente de sua administração até muito próximo de sua morte em 1805. Essa instituição destinava-se a receber marginais da sociedade portuguesa de então. Os jovens recebiam especial atenção e tinham acesso à instrução pautada nas mais modernas concepções do conhecimento de então. Os colégios da Casa Pia tornaram-se um significativo instrumento de divulgação das Luzes em Portugal durante o período em que foi diretamente supervisionados por aquele poderoso Intendente Geral de Polícia.
Jogos Monetários na Fronteira do Império Português: Produção rural e comércio no centro da América do Sul (1716-1750)
Authors: Oliveira Tiago Kramer de
Published: August 2016

Este artigo analisa a reprodução de atividades econômicas no contexto das conquistas portuguesas no centro da América do Sul, na primeira metade do século XVIII. Destaca-se o caráter mercantil da produção, sobretudo, o comércio de mercadorias produzidas nos ambientes rurais, tanto nas minas de Cuiabá quanto nas minas de Mato Grosso. Procura-se também evidenciar ligações destas atividades com a dinâmica da economia colonial.
Algumas posições políticas de Jean-Paul Sartre sobre a Guerra da Argélia (1954-1962)
Authors: Almeida Rodrigo Davi
Published: August 2016

Trata-se da apresentação e da análise das posições políticas de Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) sobre a Guerra da Argélia (1954-1962). Este texto, com modificações, integra um dos capítulos de minha Tese de Doutorado, intitulada “As posições políticas de Jean-Paul Sartre e o Terceiro Mundo (1947-1979)”. O artigo está dividido em quatro seções: “A dialética do colonialismo”; “A violência do colonialismo: o racismo e a tortura”; “A ‘constelação gaullista’ e os caminhos da fascização na França” e “Os problemas da (des)unidade da esquerda e da não ‘solidariedade de interesses’ entre o operariado francês e os colonizados argelinos”. Em “A dialética do colonialismo” apresento a definição de colonialismo para Sartre, particularmente, o francês, em que Sartre o define como um sistema econômico, histórico e contraditório. Em “A violência do colonialismo: o racismo e a tortura”, Sartre considera o racismo e tortura como um dos principais resultados da violência colonial, isto é, a sub-humanização do colonizado pelo colonizador. Nessa esteira, em “A ‘constelação gaullista’ e os caminhos da fascização na França”, Sartre afirma que a violência do colonialismo, justamente pelo viés do racismo e da tortura, caracteriza o processo de fascização durante o segundo governo de Charles De Gaulle (1958-1969). Finalmente, a última seção, dedica-se a analisar “Os problemas da (des)unidade da esquerda e da não ‘solidariedade de interesses’ entre o operariado francês e os colonizados argelinos”, tendo em vista as posições pró-colonialistas do operariado francês, de acordo com Sartre.
Justiça e ordem: discurso político e contexto criminal no sul da província de Mato Grosso de 1870 a 1889
Authors: Rodrigues Marinete Aparecida Zacharias
Published: August 2016

Busco demonstrar neste artigo que no sul da província de Mato Grosso no período de 1870 a 1889 as autoridade administrativas e jurídicas produziram discursos oficiais influenciados por um ideal de ordem e progresso visando legitimar os instrumentos de controle dos comportamentos sociais de homens e mulheres livres pobres. Os processos criminais juntamente com os relatórios oficiais denotam as contradições nos procedimentos jurídicos para com os justiciáveis. Além disso, evidenciam os nexos entre discursos e práticas, textos e contextos, representações e realidades.
Historiografia didática e prescrições estatais sobre conteúdos históricos em nível nacional (1938-2012)
Authors: Oliveira Margarida Maria Dias de , Freitas Itamar
Published: August 2016

Este artigo discute algumas das relações entretidas entre o Estado e a escrita didática da História. Aqui, examinamos os critérios que interditam ou limitam os autores no que diz respeito aos conteúdos históricos, disseminados por dispositivos que normatizam produção, avaliação, circulação e usos do livro didático ao longo do período republicano, apontando-lhes os graus, os modos e os níveis de intervenção na historiografia didática. O foco da análise bibliográfica são as iniciativas estatais datadas entre 1938 e 2012: Comissão Nacional do Livro Didático (CNLD), Campanha do Livro Didático e Manuais de Ensino (CALDEME), Comissão do Livro Didático e do Livro Técnico (COLTED), Programa do Livro Didático (PLID) e Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD).
Para que serve a história ensinada? A guerra de narrativas, a celebração das identidades e a morte da política
Authors: Valério Mairon Erscosi , Ribeiro Renilson Rosa
Published: August 2016

Este artigo faz uma análise crítica da permanência histórica da celebração da identidade como leitmotiv do ensino de história, cada vez menos atrelado ao culto do Estado-nação e mais à glorificação de outras pequenas comunidades imaginadas, encarados como os novos agentes triunfalistas da história.
Apresentação
Authors: Cruz Marcus Silva da
Published: August 2016

Apresentação do Dossiê Temático
RUST, Leandro Duarte. Colunas de São Pedro: a política papal na Idade Média Central. São Paulo: Annablume, 2011
Authors: Martins Douglas De Freitas Almeida
Published: August 2016

Resenha da obra.
A saúde dos escravos na Bahia oitocentista através do Hospital da Misericórdia
Authors: Barreto Maria Renilda Nery , Pimenta Tania Salgado
Published: August 2016

Esse artigo tem por objetivo estudar as doen-ças da população escrava em Salvador, na primeira metade do século XIX, a partir dos registros de doentes internados no hospital da Santa Casa da Misericórdia da Bahia. Consideramos também o impacto da epidemia de cólera de 1855 no perfil desses doentes internados, bem como os dados acerca de doenças e de cor. Analisaremos as principais doenças da população escrava e a inter-relação dessas com o trabalho.
Por uma nova ordem de coisas: as reformas rivadavianas na década de 1820 na província de Buenos Aires
Authors: Sá Maria Elisa Noronha de
Published: August 2016

A proposta deste artigo é analisar as diversas e novas experiências de tempo que tiveram alguns sujeitos sociais no momento da emancipação política e das iniciais experiências de construção do estado nacional na República Argentina nas primeiras décadas do século XIX. A análise está centrada no período das reformas rivadavianas ocorridas entre os anos 1820-1825, especialmente na figura de Bernardino Rivadavia, um dos principais letrados que participaram destes processos como autores e atores e em alguns conceitos políticos chave, em especial o conceito de nação.
América portuguesa: do Tratado de Madri ao Tratado de Santo Ildefonso
Authors: Chaves Otávio Ribeiro
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo iremos trabalhar como foram estabelecidas as negociações diplomáticas entre as Coroas de Portugal e da Espanha, que antecederam a assinatura do Tratado de Madri (1750). Como também, abordaremos sobre as tentativas de demarcação de fronteiras entre os seus domínios coloniais na América. Outro ponto que será discutido trata-se do esforço da Coroa lusa em promover a reorganização político-administrativa do território da América portuguesa, na segunda metade do século XVIII. Com a criação da capitania geral do Cuiabá e Mato Grosso, em 1748, visava a coroa manter a defesa dos seus domínios a oeste da América portuguesa, devido a proximidade com as terras espanholas, como viabilizar a integração político-territorial com o Estado do Grão-Pará e Maranhão, integrando assim, essa grande espacialização ao patrimônio do seu império.
Ensino de História, formação docente e saber histórico: reflexões sobre a Educação Histórica nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Zarbato Jaqueline Aparecida M.
Published: August 2016

Este artigo pretende analisar as concepções históricas utilizadas como referenciais na docência em História nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. A fundamentação da narrativa docente é abordada como proposição sobre como ensinar História nos anos iniciais. Assim, será utilizada a abordagem da Educação Histórica, proposta numa oficina com os/as professores/as que atuam nos anos iniciais, sendo realizadas entrevistas para fundamentar a análise da pesquisa. Para elucidar as concepções em torno do ensino de História, foram abordadas as discussões sobre a didática da História, o uso das fontes históricas, proposição do campo da Educação Histórica, consciência histórica, bem como os fundamentos que envolvem o fazer e o saber docente.Palavras-chave: Ensino de História; formação de professores; Educação Histórica.
Structure–Property Relations in Polymer:Fullerene Blends for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Banerji Natalie
Published: August 2016

Organic solar cells consist of thin films combining an electron donor (often a conjugated polymer) with an electron acceptor (often a fullerene derivative), in a blend commonly referred to as bulk heterojunction material. Charge separation between the donor and the acceptor leads to
the generation of carriers, which can be extracted from photovoltaic devices in the form of photocurrent. The generation mechanism of free, extractable charges has caused a lot of controversial discussion in literature. Our research has shown that all the steps involved in charge generation are strongly dependent on the arrangement of the donor and the acceptor (i.e. the structure) of the bulk heterojunction.
International Relations at Universities of Applied Sciences
Authors: Marti Roger , Dabros Michal , Pieles Uwe , Frey Urban , Ecker Achim
Published: August 2016

An overview of international relations at the Universities of Applied Sciences in Switzerland is presented.
Biocatalysis – Key Technology to Meet Global Challenges CCBIO Symposium at the 8th Waedenswil Day of Life Science
Authors: Heinzelmann Elsbeth
Published: August 2016

In a world of dwindling fossil-based energy, global air pollution and warming, biocatalysis may be a perfect problem-solver. It has the potential to procure sustainable raw materials and energy from biomass, and enables chiral and highly functionalized compounds to be produced ecologically
for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. At ZHAW Waedenswil on June 20, 2016, the Competence Center for Biocatalysis (CCBIO) gave European experts the opportunity to present the latest findings from science, research and practice in the future-oriented field of biocatalysis.
The Time of Translation in Wauchier de Denain’s Histoire des moines d’Égypte
Authors: Campbell Emma
Published: August 2016

This article explores the temporality of translation in Wauchier de Denain’s Histoire des moines d’Égypte, an early thirteenth-century French rendering of Rufinus of Aquileia’s fourth-century Latin Historia monachorum in Aegypto. Examining relationships not only between source and copy but also between the different narrative perspectives present in the text, Campbell explores the complex ways in which the only complete manuscript of the work presents these perspectives through prose and verse, French and Latin, text and image. She argues that the Histoire encourages reflection on the ways in which translation cultivates temporal as well as linguistic and cultural heterogeneity, an issue that has been given scant attention in translation studies.
“Just as Fragments are Part of a Vessel”: A Translation into Medieval Occitan of the Life of Alexander the Great
Authors: Léglu Catherine
Published: August 2016

This article examines the Occitan prose biography of Alexander the Great, which is for the most part a translation of Justin’s Epitoma historiarum Philippicarum of Pompeius Trogus. The text appears in L’Abreujamen de las estorias (c.1321-1326), an Occitan version of the universal chronicle by Fra Paolino Veneto (c.1270-1344). It is a rare example of vernacular translation of Justin’s influential work. Studying this unedited text provides new insights into the working methods of late medieval translators.
Of Earth You Were Made: Constructing the Bilingual Poem “Erþ” in British Library, MS Harley 913
Authors: Harrington Marjorie
Published: August 2016

The bilingual version of the mortality lyric “Erthe upon Erthe” preserved in the Kildare Manuscript (BL, Harley 913), edited and translated here, is the only known copy to alternate between Middle English and Latin stanzas. The article demonstrates that while each Latin stanza translates the preceding Middle English stanza, the translation also substitutes new poetic devices and alters the visual layout of the poem to emphasize different aspects of this multivalent poem. In addition to encouraging readers to meditate on these nuances, the bilingual poem also lent itself to being incorporated into sermons in both English and Latin.
Fulling Linen, Haunting Clear Waters, and Crying Bitter Tears: Two Middle English Versions of Aelred of Rievaulx’s De institutione inclusarum
Authors: Howes Hetta Elizabeth
Published: August 2016

This article examines two late-medieval English translations of Aelred of Rievaulx’s spiritual treatise De institutione inclusarum, which is originally addressed to a female anchorite but which reaches a wider audience in its later manifestations. Imagery connected with water, a particularly potent and enduring Christian symbol, is used as a case study to reveal the subtle but significant variations between the two versions. Analysis of the use of water as a literary metaphor in both versions shows that, whereas the earlier translation emphasizes spiritual longing and anxiety, the later version is more concerned with practical encouragement and offers its readers a more hopeful spiritual experience.
Godes Word for Vox Domini in Psalm 28 of the Paris Psalter: Biblical Translation and Alfredian Politics
Authors: Treschow Michael
Published: August 2016

The Paris Psalter’s Old English version of Psalm 28 uses Godes word to translate vox Domini. The way that this psalm tacitly applies to King Alfred’s realm hinges on this translation. In replacing the dramatic imagery of the Lord in the thunderstorm with a diffused divine presence in the creative word, it urges a responsible piety: the secular kingdom’s debt of gratitude for victory and prosperity means supporting West Saxon institutional means of devotion.
Factors Influencing Entrepreneurs Business Performance in Small and Medium Businesses: Comparative Analysis Between Demographic and Environmental Factors in Bangladesh
Authors: Aktar Serena
Published: August 2016

Performance is viewed as the implementation of an action or ones ability. Good performance is also related with achieving greater market share earning more profit. The main aim of this study is to examine and compare the factors influencing entrepreneurs businesses performance. It is a comparative analysis between the demographic and environment related factors. The present article is a survey-based research. A total number of 400 questionnaires were distributed among some small and medium entrepreneurs. Data on their performance, aspects related to (the respondents) demographic and environment were collected. The data have been analyzed by using SPSS software. A model has been developed in order to show and test the relationship among demographic factors and environment related factors and the entrepreneurs business performance in this study. The results revealed that individually (among entrepreneurs) there is a positive and strong significant influence of position in birth order, number of employees(demographic factors); sources of loan collection and family support(environment-related factors) on entrepreneurs business performance.Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.10(2) 2015; 1-17
Effect of Training on Employee Performance: An Empirical Study on Telecommunication Industry in Bangladesh
Authors: Afsana Jobayra , Afrin Farhana , Tarannum Tasneem
Published: August 2016

This research paper is an attempt to estimate the effect of training on employee performance in the telecommunication industry of Bangladesh. This study is conducted mainly based on primary data which were collected from a questionnaire survey encompassing the opinion of 100 employees working currently at six telecommunication companies. A theoretical framework has been formulated to estimate a relationship between training and employee performance, in the presence of intervening variables. Variables examined in this study are: Training (Independent Variable); Job Knowledge, Skill, Positive Attitude (Intervening Variables) and Employee Performance (Dependent Variable). The study revealed that there are positive and statistically significant effects of training on employee performance. The study also discovered that investment on employee training in the telecommunication sector can augment employee performance by enhancing job knowledge, skill and creating positive attitude among employees.Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.10(2) 2015; 67-80
A Review on Integration of Balanced Scorecard and Intellectual Capital for Performance Evaluation of Banks: A New Measurement Framework
Authors: Chowdhury Leena Afroz Mostofa
Published: August 2016

In this age of innovation and globalization, interest in research on measuring and analyzing intellectual capital (IC) and determining its impact on business performance is on the rise. This study is intended to review the literature concerning the effects of implementing the Balance Scorecard (BSC) on the organizational performance of banks, with the Intellectual Capital (IC) enhancement being the mediator. Based on the literature a new comprehensive performance measurement framework for banks has been proposed. This framework can be validated through further research by integrating the interaction between BSC and IC components in the context of Bangladeshi banks by examining different banking environment i.e. nationalized, private commercial, foreign commercial and Islamic banks, as the literature shows strong deviation in measurement models depending on the nature of business.Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.10(2) 2015; 81-95
“Ungovernable Feelings and Passions”: Common Sense Philosophy and Mental State Defences in Nineteenth Century Scotland
Authors: Kennedy Chloë
Published: August 2016

During the nineteenth century, changing conceptions of mental disorder had profound implications for the way that criminal responsibility was conceived. As medical writers and practitioners increasingly drew attention to the complexities of insanity, the grounds on which mentally abnormal offenders could be excused began to seem unduly restrictive. By way of a contribution to our understanding of this development, this article examines how the growing disparity unfolded in Scotland. The author argues that the requirements of the insanity defence, as set out within judicial directions, reflect core facets of Scottish Common Sense philosophical thought, including Thomas Reid's view of human agency and understanding of ‘common sense’. Building on this contention, the author suggests that Scottish Common Sense philosophy played an important role in the development of Scottish mental state defences more broadly, and can provide an original interpretation of the way the doctrines of provocation and diminished responsibility changed during this era.
The Sophistication of Unjustified Enrichment: A Response to Nils Jansen
Authors: MacQueen Hector
Published: August 2016

In this article, Professor Hector MacQueen offers a Scots law response to the recently published arguments of Professor Nils Jansen on the German law of unjustified enrichment (as to which, see Jansen, “Farewell to Unjustified Enrichment” (2016) 20 EdinLR 123). The author argues that unjustified enrichment provides, and continues to provide, a useful “generalising” concept, the creative effects of which are far from spent (at least in Scotland).
Facet Appearance on the Lateral Face of Sapphire Single-Crystal Fibers during LHPG Growth
Authors: Iskhakova Liudmila , Kashin Vitalii , Lavrishchev Sergey , Rusanov Sergey , Seregin Vladimir , Tsvetkov Vladimir
Published: August 2016

Results of the study of the lateral surface of single-crystal (SC) sapphire fibers grown along crystallographic directions [ 0001 ] and [ 11 2 ¯ 0 ] by the LHPG method are presented. The appearance or absence of faceting of the lateral surface of the fibers depending on the growth direction is analyzed. The crystallographic orientation of the facets is investigated. The microstructure of the samples is investigated with the help of an optical microscope and a JSM-5910LV scanning electronic microscope (JEOL). The crystallographic orientations of the facets on the SC sapphire fiber surface are determined by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The seed orientation is studied by means of XRD techniques.
Diapycnal Velocity in the Double-Diffusive Thermocline
Authors: Radko Timour , Edwards Erick
Published: August 2016

A series of large-scale numerical simulations is presented, which incorporate parameterizations of vertical mixing of temperature and salinity by double-diffusion and by small-scale turbulence. These simulations reveal the tendency of double-diffusion to constrain diapycnal volume transport, both upward and downward. For comparable values of mixing coefficients, the average diapycnal velocity in the double-diffusive thermocline is much less than in the corresponding turbulent regime. The insulating effect of double-diffusion is rationalized using two theoretical models. The first argument is based on the assumed vertical advective-diffusive balance. The second theory uses the Rhines and Young technique to evaluate the net diapycnal transport across regions bounded by closed streamlines at a given density surface. The numerical simulations and associated analytical arguments in this study underscore fundamental differences between double-diffusive mixing and mechanically generated small-scale turbulence. When both double-diffusion and turbulence are taken into account, we find that the constraints on diapycnal velocity loosen (tighten) with the increase (decrease) of the fraction of the overall mixing attributed to turbulence. The range of diapycnal velocities that could be realized in doubly-diffusive fluids is determined by the variation in the heat/salt flux ratio. We hypothesize that the unique ability of double-diffusive mixing to actively control diapycnal volume transport may have significant ramifications for the structure and dynamics of thermohaline circulation in the ocean.
Suppression of NADPH Oxidase Activity May Slow the Expansion of Osteolytic Bone Metastases
Authors: McCarty Mark , DiNicolantonio James
Published: August 2016

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), generated in the microenvironment of cancer cells, can drive the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells by activating G protein-coupled LPA receptors. Moreover, in cancer cells that have metastasized to bone, LPA signaling can promote osteolysis by inducing cancer cell production of cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8, which can stimulate osteoblasts to secrete RANKL, a key promoter of osteoclastogenesis. Indeed, in cancers prone to metastasize to bone, LPA appears to be a major driver of the expansion of osteolytic bone metastases. Activation of NADPH oxidase has been shown to play a mediating role in the signaling pathways by which LPA, as well as RANKL, promote osteolysis. In addition, there is reason to suspect that Nox4 activation is a mediator of the feed-forward mechanism whereby release of TGF-beta from bone matrix by osteolysis promotes expression of PTHrP in cancer cells, and thereby induces further osteolysis. Hence, measures which can down-regulate NADPH oxidase activity may have potential for slowing the expansion of osteolytic bone metastases in cancer patients. Phycocyanin and high-dose statins may have utility in this regard, and could be contemplated as complements to bisphosphonates or denosumab for the prevention and control of osteolytic lesions. Ingestion of omega-3-rich flaxseed or fish oil may also have potential for controlling osteolysis in cancer patients.
Method for Determining Appropriate Clustering Criteria of Location-Sensing Data
Authors: Lee Youngmin , Kwon Pil , Yu Kiyun , Park Woojin
Published: August 2016

Large quantities of location-sensing data are generated from location-based social network services. These data are provided as point properties with location coordinates acquired from a global positioning system or Wi-Fi signal. To show the point data on multi-scale map services, the data should be represented by clusters following a grid-based clustering method, in which an appropriate grid size should be determined. Currently, there are no criteria for determining the proper grid size, and the modifiable areal unit problem has been formulated for the purpose of addressing this issue. The method proposed in this paper is applies a hexagonal grid to geotagged Twitter point data, considering the grid size in terms of both quantity and quality to minimize the limitations associated with the modifiable areal unit problem. Quantitatively, we reduced the original Twitter point data by an appropriate amount using Töpfer’s radical law. Qualitatively, we maintained the original distribution characteristics using Moran’s I. Finally, we determined the appropriate sizes of clusters from zoom levels 9–13 by analyzing the distribution of data on the graphs. Based on the visualized clustering results, we confirm that the original distribution pattern is effectively maintained using the proposed method.
Molecular Docking and Aberration-Corrected STEM of Palladium Nanoparticles on Viral Templates
Authors: Carreño-Fuentes Liliana , Bahena Daniel , Palomares Laura , Ramírez Octavio , José-Yacamán Miguel , Plascencia-Villa Germán
Published: August 2016

Viral templates are highly versatile biotemplates used for the synthesis of nanostructured materials. Rotavirus VP6 self-assembles into nanotubular hollow structures with well-defined diameters and variable lengths, serving as a nucleic acid-free biotemplate to synthesize metal nanoparticles of controlled size, shape, and orientation. Molecular docking simulations show that exposed residues (H173-S240-D242 and N200-N310) of VP6 have the ability to specifically bind Pd(II) ions, which serve as nucleation sites for the growth and stabilization of palladium nanoclusters. Using VP6 nanotubes as biotemplates allows for obtaining small Pd particles of 1–5 nm in diameter. Advanced electron microscopy imaging and characterization through ultra-high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscopy (UHR-FE-SEM) and spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM) at a low voltage dose (80 kV) reveals, with high spatial resolution, the structure of Pd nanoparticles attached to the macromolecular biotemplates.
Keratin Protein-Catalyzed Nitroaldol (Henry) Reaction and Comparison with Other Biopolymers
Authors: Häring Marleen , Pettignano Asja , Quignard Françoise , Tanchoux Nathalie , Díaz Díaz David
Published: August 2016

Here we describe a preliminary investigation on the ability of natural keratin to catalyze the nitroaldol (Henry) reaction between aldehydes and nitroalkanes. Both aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes bearing strong or moderate electron-withdrawing groups were converted into the corresponding β-nitroalcohol products in both DMSO and in water in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a phase transfer catalyst. Negligible background reactions (i.e., negative control experiment in the absence of keratin protein) were observed in these solvent systems. Aromatic aldehydes bearing electron-donating groups and aliphatic aldehydes showed poor or no conversion, respectively. In general, the reactions in water/TBAB required twice the amount of time than in DMSO to achieve similar conversions. Moreover, comparison of the kinetics of the keratin-mediated nitroaldol (Henry) reaction with other biopolymers revealed slower rates for the former and the possibility of fine-tuning the kinetics by appropriate selection of the biopolymer and solvent.
Phenylphenalenones Accumulate in Plant Tissues of Two Banana Cultivars in Response to Herbivory by the Banana Weevil and Banana Stem Weevil
Authors: Hölscher Dirk , Buerkert Andreas , Schneider Bernd
Published: August 2016

Phenylphenalenone-type compounds accumulated in the tissues of two banana cultivars—Musa acuminata cv. “Grande Naine” (AAA) and Musa acuminata × balbisiana Colla cv. “Bluggoe” (ABB)—when these were fed on by the banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus (Germ.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)) and the banana stem weevil (Odoiporus longicollis (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)). The chemical constituents of the banana material were separated by means of chromatographic techniques and identified by NMR spectroscopy. One new compound, 2-methoxy-4-phenylphenalen-1-one, was found exclusively in the corm material of “Bluggoe” that had been fed on by the weevils.
Maintaining the Connection: Strategic Approaches to Keeping the Link between Initiating Congregations and Their Social Service Off-Spring
Authors: Bedford Ian
Published: August 2016

Whilst much research has established that religious congregations have a long history of initiating social services that address many and varied community welfare and health issues, little attention has been paid to the process involved in this congregationally-based response as well as little paid to the unique issues that arise such as the role of clergy in their development and operation. Some research has however identified examples of congregationally-initiated programs evolving to the point where their link to their initiating congregation becomes effectively severed. The research reported in this article is drawn from a larger research project that identified a framework for understanding the complex processes by which congregations initiate, operate, and modify their social services. However, it focuses in particular on the resources such congregations can bring to a wider community and the need for intentional strategies to address the risk that such resources may be lost if the link to the congregation is allowed to atrophy. Whilst the more comprehensive framework focuses on an integrated understanding, this article gives specific attention to those issues and strategies relevant to maintaining the link where that is the implicit expectation of the congregation rather than taking it for granted and being surprised when it is found to have gone.
Patterned Array of Poly(ethylene glycol) Silane Monolayer for Label-Free Detection of Dengue
Authors: Rosly Nor , Ahmad Shahrul , Abdullah Jaafar , Yusof Nor
Published: August 2016

In the present study, the construction of arrays on silicon for naked-eye detection of DNA dengue was demonstrated. The array was created by exposing a polyethylene glycol (PEG) silane monolayer to 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light through a photomask. Formation of the PEG silane monolayer and photomodifed surface properties was thoroughly characterized by using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. The results of XPS confirmed that irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) light generates an aldehyde functional group that offers conjugation sites of amino DNA probe for detection of a specific dengue virus target DNA. Employing a gold enhancement process after inducing the electrostatic interaction between positively charged gold nanoparticles and the negatively charged target DNA hybridized to the DNA capture probe allowed to visualize the array with naked eye. The developed arrays demonstrated excellent performance in diagnosis of dengue with a detection limit as low as 10 pM. The selectivity of DNA arrays was also examined using a single base mismatch and noncomplementary target DNA.
A New Hybrid Forecasting Approach Applied to Hydrological Data: A Case Study on Precipitation in Northwestern China
Authors: Jiao Guimei , Guo Tianlin , Ding Yongjian
Published: August 2016

Hydrogeological disasters occur frequently. Proposing an effective prediction method for hydrology data can play a guiding role in disaster prevention; however, due to the complexity and instability of hydrological data, this is difficult. This paper proposes a new hybrid forecasting model based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), radial basis function neural networks (RBFN), and support vector machine (SVM), this is the EEMD–RBFN–SVM method, which has achieved effective results in forecasting hydrologic data. The data were collected from the Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Region of the Qinghai Province. To validate the method, the proposed hybrid model was compared to the RBFN, EEMD–RBFN, and SAM–ESM–RBFN models, and the results show that the proposed hybrid model had a better generalization ability.
PROMPT PLANETESIMAL FORMATION BEYOND THE SNOW LINE
Authors: Armitage Philip J. , Eisner Josh A. , Simon Jacob B.
Published: August 2016

We develop a simple model to predict the radial distribution of planetesimal formation. The model is based on the observed growth of dust to millimeter-sized particles, which drift radially, pile-up, and form planetesimals where the stopping time and dust-to-gas ratio intersect the allowed region for streaming instability-induced gravitational collapse. Using an approximate analytic treatment, we first show that drifting particles define a track in metallicity–stopping time space whose only substantial dependence is on the disk’s angular momentum transport efficiency. Prompt planetesimal formation is feasible for high particle accretion rates (relative to the gas,

M

˙

p

/

M

˙

≳
3
×

10

−
2

for

α
=

10

−
2

), which could only be sustained for a limited period of time. If it is possible, it would lead to the deposition of a broad and massive belt of planetesimals with a sharp outer edge. Numerically including turbulent diffusion and vapor condensation processes, we find that a modest enhancement of solids near the snow line occurs for centimeter-sized particles, but that this is largely immaterial for planetesimal formation. We note that radial drift couples planetesimal formation across radii in the disk, and suggest that considerations of planetesimal formation favor a model in which the initial deposition of material for giant planet cores occurs well beyond the snow line.
FIRST RESULTS FROM THE MADCASH SURVEY: A FAINT DWARF GALAXY COMPANION TO THE LOW-MASS SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 2403 AT 3.2 MPC∗
Authors: Carlin Jeffrey L. , Sand David J. , Price Paul , Willman Beth , Karunakaran Ananthan , Spekkens Kristine , Bell Eric F. , Brodie Jean P. , Crnojević Denija , Forbes Duncan A. , Hargis Jonathan , Kirby Evan , Lupton Robert , Peter Annika H. G. , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Strader Jay
Published: August 2016

We report the discovery of the faintest known dwarf galaxy satellite of a Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) stellar-mass host beyond the Local Group (LG), based on deep imaging with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam. Magellanic Analog Dwarf Companions And Stellar Halos (MADCASH) J074238+652501-dw lies ∼35 kpc in projection from NGC 2403, a dwarf spiral galaxy at D ≈ 3.2 Mpc. This new dwarf has

M

g

=
−
7.4
±
0.4

and a half-light radius of 168 ± 70 pc, at the calculated distance of 3.39 ± 0.41 Mpc. The color–magnitude diagram reveals no evidence of young stellar populations, suggesting that MADCASH J074238+652501-dw is an old, metal-poor dwarf similar to low-luminosity dwarfs in the LG. The lack of either detected HI gas (

M

HI

/

L

V

<
0.69

M

⊙

/

L

⊙

, based on Green Bank Telescope observations) or GALEX NUV/FUV flux enhancement is consistent with a lack of young stars. This is the first result from the MADCASH survey, which is conducting a census of the stellar substructure and faint satellites in the halos of Local Volume LMC analogs via resolved stellar populations. Models predict a total of ∼4–10 satellites at least as massive as MADCASH J074238+652501-dw around a host with the mass of NGC 2403, with 2–3 within our field of view, slightly more than the one such satellite observed in our footprint.
A HIGH STELLAR VELOCITY DISPERSION AND ∼100 GLOBULAR CLUSTERS FOR THE ULTRA-DIFFUSE GALAXY DRAGONFLY 44
Authors: Dokkum Pieter van , Abraham Roberto , Brodie Jean , Conroy Charlie , Danieli Shany , Merritt Allison , Mowla Lamiya , Romanowsky Aaron , Zhang Jielai
Published: August 2016

Recently a population of large, very low surface brightness, spheroidal galaxies was identified in the Coma cluster. The apparent survival of these ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in a rich cluster suggests that they have very high masses. Here, we present the stellar kinematics of Dragonfly 44, one of the largest Coma UDGs, using a 33.5 hr integration with DEIMOS on the Keck II telescope. We find a velocity dispersion of

σ
=

47

−
6

+
8

km

s

−
1

, which implies a dynamical mass of

M

dyn

(
<

r

1

/

2

)
=

0.7

−
0.2

+
0.3

×

10

10

M

⊙

within its deprojected half-light radius of

r

1

/

2

=
4.6
±
0.2

kpc

. The mass-to-light ratio is

M

/

L

I

(
<

r

1

/

2

)
=

48

−
14

+
21

M

⊙

/

L

⊙

, and the dark matter fraction is 98% within

r

1

/

2

. The high mass of Dragonfly 44 is accompanied by a large globular cluster population. From deep Gemini imaging taken in

0
.″
4

seeing we infer that Dragonfly 44 has

94

−
20

+
25

globular clusters, similar to the counts for other galaxies in this mass range. Our results add to other recent evidence that many UDGs are “failed” galaxies, with the sizes, dark matter content, and globular cluster systems of much more luminous objects. We estimate the total dark halo mass of Dragonfly 44 by comparing the amount of dark matter within

r
=
4.6

kpc

to enclosed mass profiles of NFW halos. The enclosed mass suggests a total mass of

∼

10

12

M

⊙

, similar to the mass of the Milky Way. The existence of nearly dark objects with this mass is unexpected, as galaxy formation is thought to be maximally efficient in this regime.
Motivations and Expectations of Undergraduate Nursing Students Undertaking International Clinical Placements
Authors: Gower Shelley , Duggan Ravani , Dantas Jaya A.R. , Boldy Duncan
Published: August 2016

Background:

International clinical placements are common in preregistration nursing programs in Australian universities to enhance awareness of cultural needs and global health issues. Yet, little is known about the motivations and expectations of nursing students who choose to participate.

Method:

Using a qualitative exploratory design, individual semistructured interviews were undertaken with 52 preregistration final-year nursing students from four Western Australian universities 2 weeks prior to departure to the developing countries of Tanzania, Thailand, the Philippines, Cambodia, and India. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:

The interviews revealed that students were motivated by cultural inquisitiveness and a desire to help. They expected to gain cultural learning, to be challenged, to be fulfilled, to experience professional growth, and to feel gratitude. Developing an understanding of culture was a crucial outcome.

Conclusion:

By understanding the impetus and personal motivations of students, educators can guide students toward a more transformative experience whereby a more multicultural perspective on health care can be developed. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(9):487–494.]