bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of cardiovascular disease prevalence with BMD and fracture in men with T2DM
Authors: Kong Xiao‐ke , Xie Rui , Zhang Deng , Chen Xiao‐jing , Wang Xiao‐feng , Lu Jie‐li , Zhao Hong‐yan , Liu Jian‐min , Sun Li‐hao , Tao Bei
Published: April 2024

Background

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are predisposed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Bone mineral density (BMD) is linked to CVD, but most studies focused on women. Our analysis aims to explore the association of BMD and fracture with the prevalence of CVD in men with T2DM.

Methods

In this retrospective cross‐sectional study, 856 men with T2DM were enrolled. BMDs at the lumbar spine (L2‐4), femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) were measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). The CVD outcome was determined as the sum of the following conditions: congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, the requirement for coronary artery revascularization, and stroke. The relationship between BMDs and CVD was investigated by restricted cubic spline curves and logistic regression models.

Results

A total of 163 (19.0%) patients developed CVD. The restricted cubic spline curve revealed a linear and negative association between FN‐BMD, TH‐BMD, and CVD. After full adjustments for confounding covariates, the odds ratios were 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.11–1.61], p < .05), 1.3 (95% CI [1.05–1.60], p < .05), and 1.26 (95% CI [1.02–1.55], p < .05) for each 1‐SD decrease in BMDs of L2‐4, FN and TH, respectively. T‐scores of < −1 for BMD of L2‐4 and FN were independently associated with CVD (p < .05). Subgroup analyses further supported our findings.

Conclusions

The prevalence of CVD was inversely correlated with BMD levels in men with T2DM, particularly at the FN. We hypothesized that monitoring FN‐BMD and early intervention would help reduce CVD risk in men with T2DM, especially those with hypertension.

image
Exercise‐induced improvement of glycemic fluctuation and its relationship with fat and muscle distribution in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Liu Dan , Zhang Ying , Wu Qian , Han Rui , Cheng Di , Wu Liang , Guo Jingyi , Yu Xiangtian , Ge Wenli , Ni Jiacheng , Li Yaohui , Ma Tianshu , Fang Qichen , Wang Yufei , Zhao Yan , Zhao Yanan , Sun Biao , Li Huating , Jia Weiping
Published: April 2024

Aims

Management of blood glucose fluctuation is essential for diabetes. Exercise is a key therapeutic strategy for diabetes patients, although little is known about determinants of glycemic response to exercise training. We aimed to investigate the effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on blood glucose fluctuation in type 2 diabetes patients and explore the predictors of exercise‐induced glycemic response.

Materials and Methods

Fifty sedentary diabetes patients were randomly assigned to control or exercise group. Participants in the control group maintained sedentary lifestyle for 2 weeks, and those in the exercise group specifically performed combined exercise training for 1 week. All participants received dietary guidance based on a recommended diet chart. Glycemic fluctuation was measured by flash continuous glucose monitoring. Baseline fat and muscle distribution were accurately quantified through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Results

Combined exercise training decreased SD of sensor glucose (SDSG, exercise‐pre vs exercise‐post, mean 1.35 vs 1.10 mmol/L, p = .006) and coefficient of variation (CV, mean 20.25 vs 17.20%, p = .027). No significant change was observed in the control group. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that baseline MRI‐quantified fat and muscle distribution, including visceral fat area (β = −0.761, p = .001) and mid‐thigh muscle area (β = 0.450, p = .027), were significantly independent predictors of SDSG change in the exercise group, as well as CV change.

Conclusions

Combined exercise training improved blood glucose fluctuation in diabetes patients. Baseline fat and muscle distribution were significant factors that influence glycemic response to exercise, providing new insights into personalized exercise intervention for diabetes.

image
Does compulsion explain addiction?
Authors: Heinz Andreas , Gutwinski Stefan , Bahr Nadja Samia , Spanagel Rainer , Di Chiara Gaetano
Published: April 2024

One of the leading drug addiction theories states that habits and the underlying neural process of a ventral to dorsal striatal shift are the building blocks of compulsive drug‐seeking behaviour and that compulsion is the maladaptive persistence of responding despite adverse consequences. Here we discuss that compulsive behaviour as defined primarily from the perspective of animal experimentation falls short of the clinical phenomena and their neurobiological correlates. Thus for the human condition, the concept of compulsive habits should be critically addressed and potentially revised.
The expansion of the Australian tortoise beetle Trachymela sloanei (Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae, Chrysomelini, Paropsina) in Spain: Using human‐made shelters for an early detection strategy
Authors: Valera Francisco , Veiga Jesús , Moreno Eulalia , Bolonio Luis , Martínez Teresa
Published: April 2024

Invasive alien species are one main driver of biodiversity loss and can cause severe economic costs. Effective management of such species requires early detection of colonising individuals, but this is often hampered by biological or economic constraints.

Trachymela sloanei (Blackburn, 1896), an Australian Eucalyptus defoliator beetle, is an invasive alien species that has spread to the Americas, Asia and most recently Europe.

We analyse the expansion of T. sloanei in the Iberian Peninsula both at regional and local scales, study its phenology and relative abundance, and explore the use of nest boxes for early detection.

The species is spreading steadily, and the area potentially affected has increased dramatically in a few years. Both adults and larvae were observed between June and November, suggesting the occurrence of several overlapping generations. More than 300 individuals were found aggregated behind single nest boxes.

We conclude that the installation and monitoring of nest boxes or similar structures (e.g., cork boards) can facilitate early detection of this species.
Preventive allergen immunotherapy with inhalant allergens in children
Authors: Dwivedi Varsha , Kopanja Sonja , Schmidthaler Klara , Sieber Justyna , Bannert Christina , Szépfalusi Zsolt
Published: April 2024

The efficacy and safety of preventive allergen immunotherapy (pAIT) in children are currently under investigation. Here, we provide an overview of pAIT with respiratory allergens concerning the prevention of new sensitizations, allergic disease onset and progression as well as further immunomodulatory effects. Three databases were searched for clinical pAIT studies in children. Selected publications were reviewed for preventive outcomes according to prevention level (primary, secondary, and tertiary), allergen type, administration route, dose, and treatment duration. The primary prevention approach appears safe but showed no allergen‐specific effect on new sensitizations. Secondary prevention seems feasible and may induce regulatory T cell‐mediated immunotolerance. The number of studies at these prevention levels is limited. Tertiary prevention with grass and/or tree pollen‐based pAIT has shown efficacy in preventing disease progression from allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis to asthma. Data on tertiary pAIT with house dust mites and other allergen types are inconclusive. Subcutaneous and sublingual routes appear similarly effective, but head‐to‐head comparative paediatric studies are scarce. Additionally, there are fewer placebo‐controlled studies. Nevertheless, immunomodulatory outcomes of pAIT are encouraging. Currently, limited but favourably suggestive evidence is available for preventing respiratory allergic diseases in children by pAIT. Primary and secondary prevention have potential and warrant further investigation through well‐designed studies.
The role of hsa_circ_0042260/miR‐4782‐3p/LAPTM4A axis in gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ji Rui , Yang Hong , Chen Jiamei , Zhao Anna , Chen Xia , Niu Yanli
Published: April 2024

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic condition during pregnancy, posing risks to both mother and fetus. CircRNAs have emerged as important players in various diseases, including GDM. We aimed to investigate the role of newly discovered circRNA, hsa_circ_0042260, in GDM pathogenesis. Using GSE194119 dataset, hsa_circ_0042260 was identified and its expression in plasma, placenta, and HG‐stimulated HK‐2 cells was examined. Silencing hsa_circ_0042260 in HK‐2 cells assessed its impact on cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation. Bioinformatics analysis revealed downstream targets of hsa_circ_0042260, namely miR‐4782‐3p and LAPTM4A. The interaction between hsa_circ_0042260, miR‐4782‐3p, and LAPTM4A was validated through various assays. hsa_circ_0042260 was upregulated in plasma from GDM patients and HG‐stimulated HK‐2 cells. Silencing hsa_circ_0042260 improved cell viability, suppressed apoptosis and inflammation. Hsa_circ_0042260 interacted with miR‐4782‐3p, which exhibited low expression in GDM patient plasma and HG‐stimulated cells. MiR‐4782‐3p targeted LAPTM4A, confirmed by additional assays. LAPTM4A expression increased in GDM patient plasma and HG‐induced HK‐2 cells following hsa_circ_0042260 knockdown or miR‐4782‐3p overexpression. In rescue assays, inhibition of miR‐4782‐3p or overexpression of LAPTM4A counteracted the effects of hsa_circ_0042260 downregulation on cell viability, apoptosis, and inflammation. In conclusion, the hsa_circ_0042260/miR‐4782‐3p/LAPTM4A axis plays a role in regulating GDM progression in HG‐stimulated HK‐2 cells.
Essential thrombocythaemia: A contemporary approach with new drugs on the horizon
Authors: Ferrer‐Marín Francisca , Hernández‐Boluda Juan Carlos , Alvarez‐Larrán Alberto
Published: April 2024

Essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by an increased risk of vascular complications and a tendency to progress to myelofibrosis and acute leukaemia. ET patients have traditionally been stratified into two thrombosis risk categories based on age older than 60 years and a history of thrombosis. More recently, the revised IPSET‐thrombosis scoring system, which accounts for the increased risk linked to the JAK2 mutation, has been incorporated into most expert recommendations. However, there is increasing evidence that the term ET encompasses different genomic entities, each with a distinct clinical course and prognosis. Moreover, the effectiveness and toxicity of cytoreductive and anti‐platelet treatments differ depending on the molecular genotype. While anti‐platelets and conventional cytoreductive agents, mainly hydroxycarbamide (hydroxyurea), anagrelide and pegylated interferon, remain the cornerstone of treatment, recent research has shed light on the effectiveness of novel therapies that may help improve outcomes. This comprehensive review focuses on the evolving landscape of treatment strategies in ET, with an emphasis on the role of molecular profiling in guiding therapeutic decisions. Besides evidence‐based management according to revised IPSET‐thrombosis stratification, we also provide specific observations for those patients with CALR‐, MPL‐mutated and triple‐negative ET, as well as cases with high‐risk mutations.
Transdermal oestradiol and exercise in androgen deprivation therapy (ESTRACISE): protocol
Authors: Jussila Ilkka , Ahtiainen Juha P. , Laakkonen Eija K. , Siltari Aino , Kaipia Antti , Jokela Tiina , Kärkkäinen Minta , Newton Rob , Raastad Truls , Huhtala Heini , Murtola Teemu J. , Seikkula Heikki
Published: April 2024

Objective

To report the protocol of a study evaluating the efficacy of transdermal oestradiol (E2) gel in reducing the adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), specifically on sexual function, and to assess the utility of E2 in combination with supervised exercise.

Study Design and Methods

The primary endpoint of this open‐label Phase IIA randomized controlled trial is the efficacy of transdermal E2 gel. Secondary endpoints include: (i) the occurrence of ADT‐induced adverse effects; (ii) the safety and tolerability of E2; (iii) the impact of E2 with or without exercise on physical, physiological, muscle, and systemic biomarkers; and (iv) quality of life. The trial will recruit high‐risk PCa patients (n = 310) undergoing external beam radiation therapy with adjuvant subcutaneous ADT. Participants will be stratified and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either the E2 + ADT arm or the ADT‐only control arm. Additionally, a subset of patients (n = 120) will be randomized into a supervised exercise programme.

Results

The primary outcome is assessed according to the efficacy of E2 in mitigating the deterioration of Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite sexual function domain scores. Secondary outcomes are assessed according to the occurrence of ADT‐induced adverse effects, safety and tolerability of E2, impact of E2 with or without exercise on physical performance, body composition, bone mineral density, muscle size, systematic biomarkers, and quality of life.

Conclusion

The ESTRACISE study's innovative design can offer novel insights about the benefits of E2 gel, and the substudy can reinforce the benefits resistance training and deliver valuable new novel insights into the synergistic benefits of E2 gel and exercise, which are currently unknown.

Trial Registration

The protocol has been registered in euclinicaltrials.eu (2023‐504704‐28‐00) and in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06271551).
The insulin‐like growth factor binding protein–microfibrillar associated protein–sterol regulatory element binding protein axis regulates fibroblast–myofibroblast transition and cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Zhao Qianwen , Shao Tinghui , Huang Shan , Zhang Junjie , Zong Genjie , Zhuo Lili , Xu Yong , Hong Wenxuan
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose

Excessive fibrogenesis is associated with adverse cardiac remodelling and heart failure. The myofibroblast, primarily derived from resident fibroblast, is the effector cell type in cardiac fibrosis. Megakaryocytic leukaemia 1 (MKL1) is considered the master regulator of fibroblast–myofibroblast transition (FMyT). The underlying transcriptional mechanism is not completely understood. Our goal was to identify novel transcriptional targets of MKL1 that might regulate FMyT and contribute to cardiac fibrosis.

Experimental Approach

RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) performed in primary cardiac fibroblasts identified insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) as one of the genes most significantly up‐regulated by constitutively active (CA) MKL1 over‐expression. IGFBP5 expression was detected in heart failure tissues using RT‐qPCR and western blots.

Key Results

Once activated, IGFBP5 translocated to the nucleus to elicit a pro‐FMyT transcriptional programme. Consistently, IGFBP5 knockdown blocked FMyT in vitro and dampened cardiac fibrosis in mice. Of interest, IGFBP5 interacted with nuclear factor of activated T‐cell 4 (NFAT4) to stimulate the transcription of microfibril‐associated protein 5 (MFAP5). MFAP5 contributed to FMyT and cardiac fibrosis by enabling sterol response element binding protein 2 (SREBP2)‐dependent cholesterol synthesis.

Conclusions and Implications

Our data unveil a previously unrecognized transcriptional cascade, initiated by IGFBP5, that promotes FMyT and cardiac fibrosis. Screening for small‐molecule compounds that target this axis could yield potential therapeutics against adverse cardiac remodelling.
Exploring individual parent‐to‐parent support interventions for parents caring for children with brain‐based developmental disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: Postma Amber , Ketelaar Marjolijn , van Nispen tot Sevenaer Justus , Downs Zahra , van Rappard Diane , Jongmans Marian , Zinkstok Janneke
Published: April 2024

Background

Brain‐based developmental disabilities (BBDDs) comprise a large and heterogeneous group of disorders including autism, intellectual disability, cerebral palsy or genetic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Parents caring for a child with BBDD face multiple challenges that cause increased stress and high risk of mental health problems. Peer‐based support by fellow parents for a various range of patient groups has shown potential to provide emotional, psychological and practical support. Here, we aim to explore existing literature on individual peer‐to‐peer support (iP2PS) interventions for parents caring for children with BBDD with a view to (1) explore the impact of iP2PS interventions on parents and (2) identify challenges and facilitators of iP2PS.

Method

An extensive literature search (January 2023) was performed, and a thematic analysis was conducted to synthesize findings.

Results

Fourteen relevant articles revealed three major themes regarding the impact of iP2PS on parents: (1) emotional and psychological well‐being, (2) quality of life and (3) practical issues. Four themes were identified describing challenges and facilitators of iP2PS: (1) benefits and burden of giving support, (2) matching parent‐pairs, (3) logistic challenges and solutions and (4) training and supervision of parents providing peer support.

Conclusions

This review revealed that iP2PS has a positive impact on the emotional and psychological well‐being of parents, as well as the overall quality of life for families caring for a child with a BBDD. Individual P2PS offers peer‐parents an opportunity to support others who are facing challenges similar to those they have experienced themselves. However, many questions still need to be addressed regarding benefits of different iP2PS styles, methods of tailoring support to individual needs and necessity of training and supervision for peer support providers. Future research should focus on defining these components and evaluating benefits to establish effective iP2PS that can be provided as standard care practice for parents.
Featured Cover
Authors: Davó Rubén , Fan Shengchi , Wang Feng , Wu Yiqun
Published: April 2024

The cover image is based on the Original Article Long‐term survival and complications of Quad Zygoma Protocol with Anatomy‐Guided Approach in severely atrophic maxilla: A retrospective follow‐up analysis of up to 17 years by Rubén Davó MD et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13296.

image
The fate and role of the pericytes in myocardial diseases
Authors: Frangogiannis Nikolaos G.
Published: April 2024

The adult mammalian heart contains a large population of pericytes that play important roles in homeostasis and disease. In the normal heart, pericytes regulate microvascular permeability and flow. Myocardial diseases are associated with marked alterations in pericyte phenotype and function. This review manuscript discusses the role of pericytes in cardiac homeostasis and disease. Following myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac pericytes participate in all phases of cardiac repair. During the inflammatory phase, pericytes may secrete cytokines and chemokines and may regulate leukocyte trafficking, through formation of intercellular gaps that serve as exit points for inflammatory cells. Moreover, pericyte contraction induces microvascular constriction, contributing to the pathogenesis of ‘no‐reflow’ in ischemia and reperfusion. During the proliferative phase, pericytes are activated by growth factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and contribute to fibrosis, predominantly through secretion of fibrogenic mediators. A fraction of pericytes acquires fibroblast identity but contributes only to a small percentage of infarct fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. As the scar matures, pericytes form a coat around infarct neovessels, promoting stabilization of the vasculature. Pericytes may also be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure, by regulating inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis and myocardial perfusion. Pericytes are also important targets of viral infections (such as SARS‐CoV2) and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac complications of COVID19. Considering their role in myocardial inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis, pericytes may be promising therapeutic targets in myocardial disease.
A taxonomy of multiple stable states in complex ecological communities
Authors: Aguadé‐Gorgorió Guim , Arnoldi Jean‐François , Barbier Matthieu , Kéfi Sonia
Published: April 2024

Natural systems are built from multiple interconnected units, making their dynamics, functioning and fragility notoriously hard to predict. A fragility scenario of particular relevance concerns so‐called regime shifts: abrupt transitions from healthy to degraded ecosystem states. An explanation for these shifts is that they arise as transitions between alternative stable states, a process that is well‐understood in few‐species models. However, how multistability upscales with system complexity remains a debated question. Here, we identify that four different multistability regimes generically emerge in models of species‐rich communities and other archetypical complex biological systems assuming random interactions. Across the studied models, each regime consistently emerges under a specific interaction scheme and leaves a distinct set of fingerprints in terms of the number of observed states, their species richness and their response to perturbations. Our results help clarify the conditions and types of multistability that can be expected to occur in complex ecological communities.
Uncovering Representation Bias in Large‐scale Cellular Phone‐based Data: A Case Study in North Carolina
Authors: Jardel Hanna V. , Delamater Paul L.
Published: April 2024

Large cellular phone‐based mobility datasets are an important new data source for research on human movement. We investigate and illustrate bias in representation in a large mobility data set at the census block group, tract, and county levels. We paired American Community Survey (ACS) 2019 data with SafeGraph (SG) cell phone mobility data to elucidate potential bias in SG data by examining ACS estimated population against the number of devices in the SG data, stratifying by key sociodemographic variables such as income, percent Black population, percent of population over 55 years, percent of population 18–65 years, percent of people living in crowded living conditions, and urbanization level. We evaluated whether the bias varied over time by examining a 10‐month period. This bias changes with key demographic characteristics and changes over time. Specifically, we see underrepresentation in areas that have the highest percentage of Black population at all aggregation levels. We also see underrepresentation at all levels in areas with the highest percentage of working age residents as well as areas with the lowest median incomes. Researchers should be cautious when using mobility datasets because of bias differential on key sociodemographic factors and collection time.
Revolutionizing elderly care: Building a healthier aging society through innovative long‐term care systems and assessing the long‐term care acceptance model
Authors: Chokphukhiao Chaturapron , Tun Wonn Shweyi Thet , Masa Sakaowrat , Chaiayuth Somporn , Loeiyood Jugsun , Pongskul Cholatip , Patramanon Rina
Published: April 2024

Aim

With a growing elderly population, the demand for caregivers is increasing in Khon Kaen, Thailand, with approximately 17 000 elderly residents. This growing number of older people and a shortage of caregivers could overload the healthcare system.

Methods

The present study involved 129 healthcare volunteers (caregivers for questionnaires study) and the collection of health data from 290 elderly residents from northeastern Thailand. After training, the volunteers assessed its usefulness through questionnaires. Tool reliability and statistical hypotheses were tested using stratified regression analysis (hierarchical regression) and multiple regression.

Results

The relative mean scores of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude toward usage and behavioral intention to use technology were 4.51, 4.29, 4.44 and 4.41, respectively. In addition, perceived usefulness and user attitudes positively affected volunteers' willingness to use the system.

Conclusion

The study was developed from the awareness of enhancing community quality and ecosystem through a long‐term care system application. Analyzing external factors can enhance technology's future effectiveness. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 477–485.
Influence of precoating on the regeneration efficiency of filtration inorganic membranes
Authors: Wang Hongli , Hu Yang , Yang Qian , Wang Xu , Wu Yiyi , Tao Wenliang , Dai Yi , Wen Zhu , Zhou Lan , Nie Dengpan
Published: April 2024

Inorganic membranes are used to effectively capture particulate matter in dust without causing secondary pollution. However, fine dust particles accumulate on the surface and penetrate the structure of inorganic membranes, thereby degrading their performance. This study investigated the influence of the precoating of inorganic membranes with needle‐shaped wollastonite particles on their regeneration efficiency. The filter‐cake‐curing technique was employed, and the results were obtained by characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. The mechanism for controlling membrane fouling was examined based on the quantity and depth of particle penetration to the filtration medium and pore structure of the filter cake. The results demonstrated that precoating can prevent fine particles from penetrating the membrane pores, thereby alleviating pore blocking in inorganic membranes. Furthermore, this increased the porosity and decreased the fractal dimension of the pore in the cake, thereby reducing the structural complexity and resistance during cake removal. The regeneration efficiency of the inorganic membrane increased from 59.4% without a precoating to 94.1% when wollastonite particles with an aspect ratio of 10 were used for precoating.
Regional metakaolin particle size reduction for higher strength geopolymer
Authors: Sa Ribeiro Ruy A. , Sa Ribeiro Marilene G. , Keane Patrick F. , Sardela Mauro R. , Sa Ribeiro Pamela J. , Kriven Waltraud M.
Published: April 2024

The objective of this project was to further develop new composites and a testing program for the performance‐based specification for natural Amazonian geopolymer (GP) for use in ceramics and construction. While fly ash‐based alkali activated materials are now an established technology, metakaolin‐based GPs still need to be developed and optimized regarding the knowledge of the specific characteristics and properties of local resources. Amazonian kaolin was calcined into metakaolin (AMK). AMK particle size reduction for better reactive material was evaluated by means of dry and wet ball milling and sieving. Three types of metakaolin were analyzed for particle size distribution, and their size d50 ranged from 7.9 to 2.8 µm. Further GP characterization followed physical and mechanical properties in flexural strength tests. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to investigate the microstructure of the materials. Energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence was used to measure the GP material composition. Analysis of the results revealed that the strength and stiffness of sodium–metakaolin‐based GP were inversely proportional to particle size. All distinct particle size GPs showed, in general, some increase in strength and stiffness within curing times ranging from 3 to 28 days.
Effectiveness of risankizumab for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: a multicenter, real‐world study
Authors: Graceffa Dario , Zangrilli Arianna , Caldarola Giacomo , Lora Viviana , Orsini Diego , Moretta Gala , Pagnanelli Gianluca , Provini Alessia , Masini Cinzia , Bavetta Mauro , Giordano Domenico , Richetta Antonio , Tolino Ersilla , Bianchi Luca , Peris Ketty , Sperati Francesca , Bonifati Claudio
Published: April 2024

Background

IL‐23 inhibitors were recently approved for the treatment of skin psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Risankizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that specifically binds the p19 subunit of IL‐23, has proven effective on PsA in two randomized controlled trials. To date, only a few real‐world data are available on this topic.

Methods

Our study aimed to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of risankizumab in patients with PsA in a real‐world setting. For this purpose, both rheumatologic and dermatologic assessments were performed at baseline and after 28–40 weeks of continuous risankizumab administration. Moreover, joint and entheses ultrasound assessment was performed at the mentioned time points.

The rheumatologic assessment was carried out by means of the following scores: (i) clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (cDAPSA); (ii) Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI); (iii) Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and (iii) Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). The degree of skin involvement was measured by both the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Physician Global Assessment (PGA). Quality of life was assessed by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Ultrasound assessment of joints and entheses was performed on the basis of the EULAR‐OMERACT score.

Results

After treatment, cDAPSA decreased from a mean value of 12.9 ± 7.6 to 7.0 ± 6.1 (P < 0.001), and the median PD score significantly decreased from baseline (3; range 1–8) to TP1 (1; range 0–7) (P < 0.001). PASI score also decreased from 8.4 ± 4.9 to 0.3 ± 0.5 (P < 0.001), and PGA from 3.1 ± 1.0 to 0.4 ± 0.5 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

We can conclude that risankizumab led to substantial improvement in both skin and joint involvement.
Identification of key aroma‐active compounds in long shelf‐life yoghurt and milk produced by different pre‐sterilisation processes of raw milk using SBSE‐GC × GC–O–MS
Authors: Li Jie , Wen Rong , Wang Jia , Zou Tingting , Zhang Dongjie , Hou Yaqiong , Song Huanlu , Li Hongliang , Ma Hairan , Shi Jiao
Published: April 2024

Aroma is a vital attribute of dairy products. This study employed a combination of human sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis to study the effect of two different pre‐sterilisation processes (A and B) on the odour characteristics of milk and long shelf‐life yoghurt. The results from the sensory evaluation and electronic nose analysis indicated that the pre‐sterilisation process significantly influences the aroma profile and compounds of the samples. Stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography−olfactometry−mass spectrometry (SBSE‐GC × GC−O−MS) was applied to identify the aroma‐active compounds present. Aldehydes and ketones emerged as the most abundant aroma‐active compounds. Quantitative analysis showed variations in the concentrations of aroma‐active compounds. For example, higher concentrations of hexanal, butanoic acid and hexanoic acid were observed in long shelf‐life yoghurt and milk produced by process B than process A, while higher concentrations of nonanal, 2,3‐butanedione and 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone were detected in products from process A than process B. Initial odour activity values provided insight into the contribution of aroma‐active compounds to the overall odour perception. Based on the results of aroma recombination, omission and spiking experiments, 13 and 11 key aroma‐active compounds were identified in long shelf‐life yoghurt and milk, respectively. These compounds, including 2,3‐butanedione, 2,3‐pentanedione, 2‐heptanone, 2‐undecanone, hexanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, furfural, butanoic acid, hexanoic acid, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone and styrene, can serve as potential indicators for determining odour differences between long shelf‐life yoghurt (milk) samples. Consequently, they offer a chemical basis for manufacturers to make informed decisions regarding production processes.
CXCR3+ effector regulatory T cells associate with disease tolerance during lower respiratory pneumovirus infection
Authors: Sebina Ismail , Ngo Sylvia , Rashid Ridwan B. , Alorro Mariah , Namubiru Patricia , Howard Daniel , Ahmed Tufael , Phipps Simon
Published: April 2024

Lifestyle factors like poor maternal diet or antibiotic exposure disrupt early life microbiome assembly in infants, increasing the risk of severe lower respiratory infections (sLRI). Our prior studies in mice indicated that a maternal low‐fibre diet (LFD) exacerbates LRI severity in infants by impairing recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and consequently attenuating expansion of lung regulatory T (Treg) cells during pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) infection. Here, we investigated whether maternal dietary fibre intake influences Treg cell phenotypes in the mediastinal lymph nodes (mLN) and lungs of PVM‐infected neonatal mice. Using high dimensional flow cytometry, we identified distinct clusters of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), which differed between lungs and mLN during infection, with notably greater effector Treg cell accumulation in the lungs. Compared to high‐fibre diet (HFD)‐reared pups, frequencies of various effector Treg cell subsets were decreased in the lungs of LFD‐reared pups. Particularly, recruitment of chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3+) expressing Treg cells was attenuated in LFD‐reared pups, correlating with lower lung expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines. The recruitment of this subset in response to PVM infection was similarly impaired in pDC depleted mice or following anti‐CXCR3 treatment, increasing immunopathology in the lungs. In summary, PVM infection leads to the sequential recruitment and expansion of distinct Treg cell subsets to the lungs and mLN. The attenuated recruitment of the CXCR3+ subset in LFD‐reared pups increases LRI severity, suggesting that strategies to enhance pDCs or CXCL9/CXCL10 expression will lower immune‐mediated pathogenesis.
The role of traditional Chinese medicine in postoperative wound complications of gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Shiwang , Tian Xudong , Li Shengcai , Wu Zhengquan , Li Yanlong , Guo Jun , Liao Zhifeng
Published: April 2024

Due to the high risks of postoperative complications brought on by gastric cancer, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a commonly used therapy, has exerted its vital role in postoperative recovery care. In this sense, this meta‐analysis was conducted to explore the related documents about TCM's impact on gastric cancer postoperative recovery. During the research, we explored a total of 1549 results from databases PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science (WoS). Thirty‐two clinical randomized trials (RCTs) were then selected and analysed for this meta‐analysis by using the software RevMan 5.4 (under PRISMA 2020 regulations), with a population of 3178 patients. Data prove that TCM therapy reduced the risks for postoperative complications exposure by an estimated average of 19% (95% CI). Among the complications, TCM therapy suppressed the risks of wound infection and incisional infections by 53% and 48% respectively. Meanwhile, the patient's wound healing duration exhibited a significant reduction compared to those without TCM treatment, with a difference at around 0.74 days (95% CI). TCM also exerted its potential to strengthen the patient's immune and health conditions, leading to a significantly promoted gastrointestinal function in the patients with a shorter duration to release first exhaustion and defecation compared to those with no TCM therapy. In addition, similar promoted phenomena also exist in those patients with TCM therapy in terms of their immunity and nutritional conditions. These facts all indicate a positive impact of TCM therapy in clinical applications.
Effects of electromagnetic therapy in treating patients with venous leg ulcers: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Wang Guofeng , Zheng Jie , Wu Hongxue , Wu Yucheng
Published: April 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effects of electromagnetic therapy (EMT) on the treatment of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) by synthesising and appraising available meta‐analyses (MAs) and systematic reviews (SRs). A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases up to 10 January 2024, focusing on SRs/MAs that investigated the use of EMT for VLUs. Selection criteria followed the PICO framework, and dual‐author extraction was used for accuracy. Quality assessment tools included AMSTAR2, ROBIS, PRISMA, and GRADE. The search yielded five eligible studies. The reviews collectively presented moderate methodological quality and a low risk of bias in several domains. Reporting quality was high, albeit with inconsistencies in fulfilling certain PRISMA checklist items. The evidence quality, primarily downgraded due to small sample sizes, was rated as moderate. Whilst some studies suggest potential benefits of EMT in the treatment of VLUs, the overall evidence is inconclusive due to methodological limitations and limited sample sizes. This review underscores the need for future research with more rigorous methodologies and larger cohorts to provide clearer insights into the efficacy of EMT for VLUs.
Interstitial doping of Mn4+ ions: An effective method to optimize the optical properties of TeO2 single crystal
Authors: Ding Xu , Tan Lianjiang , Deng Fulang , Liu Lili , Tian Tian , Liu Zhifu , Chu Yaoqing
Published: April 2024

TeO2 single crystal has drawn much attention in recent years due to its excellent acousto‐optic (AO) performance in the field of spectral imaging and optical processing. The optical properties of TeO2 single crystal are critical for the fabrication of AO devices. To improve the optical properties of the TeO2 single crystal, Mn4+ ions were doped into the TeO2 lattice. Herein, bulk TeO2 single crystal and TeO2:0.02Mn4+ single crystal have been successfully grown by a Bridgman method. Compared with the TeO2 single crystal, a 30% transmittance increase was observed in the TeO2:0.02Mn4+ single crystal. Furthermore, the TeO2:0.02Mn4+ single crystal shows a smaller extinction coefficient (≤0.01) in the Vis–NIR region, indicating less optical loss. The bandgap energy of TeO2:0.02Mn4+ was broadened from 3.360 to 3.635 eV. In addition, TeO2:0.02Mn4+ single crystal exhibits a higher refractive index (about 2.244), which indicates that TeO2:0.02Mn4+ single crystal is a potential medium for high‐efficiency AO devices.
Hardness and scratch resistance of chemically strengthened alkali‐borosilicate thin glass
Authors: Talimian Ali , Limbach René , Galusek Dušan , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: April 2024

Chemical strengthening of glass represents a standard technology for fabricating damage‐resistant protective covers. Still, little attention has been paid to modifications in the tribological properties of ion‐exchanged glass surfaces. This work reports on scratch testing of a chemically strengthened alkali‐borosilicate thin glass. Diffusive Na+/K+‐ion exchange produces a residual surface compressive layer with compressive stress of 200–340 MPa and layers depths between 16 and 50 µm, depending on exchange temperature and treatment time. This leads to notable changes in the surface mechanical properties, such as an increase in surface Young's modulus, indentation, and scratch hardness. Surprisingly, the Na+/K+‐ion exchange is shifting the onsets of scratch‐induced microcracking and microcracking to lower normal loads. The accelerated buildup of lateral indentation stress in glasses with high scratch hardness was found to be responsible for the lower threshold loads of microcracking and abrasive wear in chemically strengthened alkali‐borosilicate thin glass.
The European Union's Regulatory Power: Refining and Illustrating the Concept With the Case of the Transfer of EU Geographical Indication Rules to Japan
Authors: Kennis Anke , Liu Xiyin
Published: April 2024

The European Union's (EU) regulatory power is an increasing focus of scholarly attention, but the lack of a consistent definition leaves room for refinement. Studies investigating the EU's role as a global regulatory actor yield different interpretations, some viewing the EU as a global market regulator, some as a power residing in the trade–regulatory nexus and others as a law‐making entity that creates widely emulated rules. This article refines the definition of the EU's regulatory power by presenting a conceptual framework for better understanding the EU's regulatory actorness, encompassing its ends and means as a general regulator and/or a regulatory power. Using the proposed framework to analyse the transfer of EU geographical indication (GI) rules to Japan, this study finds that the EU's regulatory power is particularly conditioned on the interest constellation between the EU and a third country. Regarding the EU's goal of exercising regulatory power, interest promotion seems to take priority over rule exporting or norm sharing.
Validity and reliability of the Sitting Assessment Scale in cerebral palsy
Authors: Gözaçan Karabulut Demet , Numanoğlu Akbaş Ayşe
Published: April 2024

Aim

The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Sitting Assessment Scale (SAS) in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods

The study included 34 individuals with a diagnosis of spastic CP. Individuals were evaluated with the Gross Motor Function Classification System and the Manual Ability Classification System. SAS and Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS) were applied to the participants. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the scale scored by three different physiotherapists at two different time intervals. Internal consistency was calculated with Cronbach's ⍺ coefficient. The fit between SAS and TCMS for criterion‐dependent validity was evaluated using Pearson Correlation Analysis.

Results

According to the GMFCS level, 79.41% of the children were mildly (Level I‐II), 14.71% were moderately affected (level III), and 5.88% were severely affected (level IV). Intra > observer and interobserver reliability values of SAS were extremely high (ICCinterrater > 0.923, ICCintrarater > 0.930). It was observed that the internal consistency of SAS had high values (Cronbach ⍺test > 0.822, Cronbach ⍺retest > 0.804). For the criterion‐dependent reliability; positive medium correlations found between SAS with Total TCMS Static Sitting Balance (r = 0.579, p < 0.001), with TCMS Selective Movement Control (r = 0.597, p < 0.001), with TCMS Dynamic Reaching (r = 0.609, p < 0.001), and with TCMS Total (r = 0.619, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

SAS was found to have high validity and reliability in children with CP. In addition, the test–retest reliability of the scale was also high. SAS is a practical tool that can be used to assess sitting balance in children with CP.
Use of a fractional 1570‐nm diode laser scanner for non‐ablative face and neck rejuvenation
Authors: Somji Munir , Solomon Tino
Published: April 2024

Background

The use of non‐ablative fractionated lasers for skin rejuvenation has been proven to be effective in improving skin texture, and has become popular due to minimal wounding, significantly shorter recovery times and decreased adverse effects.

Objective

To retrospectively analyze improvement in skin texture in healthy women aged over 18 years with Fitzpatrick skin types II–IV.

Methods

Participants received three facial and/or neck treatments with the 1570‐nm fractional scanning diode laser at 1‐month intervals. Three months after the last treatment session two blinded evaluators assessed skin improvement using before and after photos. Pain and patient satisfaction were recorded.

Results

Sixteen women with a mean age of 45.4 ± 4.1 years (range 35–50 years) and skin type II–IV were included in the analysis. All 16 participants received facial treatments and seven (43.8%) also received neck treatments. Three months follow‐up evaluation showed that the majority of participants had a visible change in the treated areas. Mean pain score was low and decreased with each treatment session.

Conclusion

Skin treatment using fractional scanning 1570‐nm diode laser improves skin laxity in women with skin types II–IV. Larger studies are warranted to further clarify the efficacy and safety of this modality.
Using an intense pulsed light (IPL) module for the treatment of pigmented lesions
Authors: Dobroshi Krenar
Published: April 2024

Background

Pigmented lesions are largely benign and may lead to extreme distress. Various light and lasers may be used to treat pigmentation, often Q‐switched lasers are considered the method of choice, while intense pulsed light (IPL) devices may offer a less invasive treatment with a shorter downtime.

Objective

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a narrowband IPL module for the treatment of pigmented lesions.

Methods

A retrospective study of 20 patients with pigmented lesions underwent treatment with an IPL module. Treatment was assessed by blinded evaluation of clinical photographs using a GAIS scale of 0–10, as well as through patient satisfaction ratings on a scale of 0–10. Throughout the treatment, pain levels and adverse events were monitored.

Results

The mean GAIS score was 7.55 ± 1.15 (mean ± SD), and the mean patient satisfaction score was 7.3 ± 1.26 (mean ± SD). There was a strong positive correlation between GAIS and patient satisfaction scores (r = 0.83), and no significant difference between them (p‐value = 0.516). The number of treatments did not significantly affect GAIS and patient satisfaction scores (p‐values 0.364 and 0.126). Additional positive unexpected outcomes were improved skin firmness and reduced wrinkles.

Conclusion

The results of the study indicate that the IPL module is both safe and effective in treating pigmented lesions and may have the potential to stimulate collagen production.
Practitioners' experiences of delivering parenting interventions remotely: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Papakonstantinou Rodi Lida , Hastings Richard P. , Gray Kylie M. , Wolstencroft Jeanne
Published: April 2024

Group Stepping Stones Triple P (GSSTP), is an evidence‐based intervention for parents of children with intellectual disability that aims to improve child behavioural difficulties. GSSTP was designed to be delivered face‐to‐face, but during the COVID‐19 pandemic some services started delivering it remotely. The evidence base for remote intervention is growing, but few studies have focused on the experiences of practitioners delivering the interventions and the consequences of their service provision. We aimed to explore UK practitioners' experiences of delivering remotely GSSTP. The objectives were to identify the advantages and disadvantages of remote GSSTP, to determine whether adjustments were made to enable delivery, and to assess perceived acceptability. Participants were identified using consecutive sampling from the Triple P UK practitioner network. Eleven practitioners, who had experience of delivering GSSTP remotely and face‐to‐face, reported their experiences in an online survey. Ten participants also took part in semi‐structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. According to 55% of practitioners, parent attendance had increased with remote delivery, and 73% of practitioners found remote GSSTP equally or more effective than face‐to‐face. Survey findings about managing parent engagement remotely were mixed and building rapport with patients was considered equally or more difficult remotely. The key themes from the thematic analysis were the practitioners' ‘sincere enthusiasm’ over the advantages of the remote GSSTP provision, the ‘person‐centered strategies’ that characterised their practice, the emergence of ‘remote delivery as the way forward’ for parenting services and finally, the ‘challenges of remote delivery’. Remote GSSTP was perceived to be acceptable to participants and practitioners; the advantages of remote delivery appeared to outweigh the disadvantages. Practitioners reported strategies to prompt engagement and recreate group interactions in the remote setting that could be integrated in the practice of other group parenting providers.