bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Good news for whom? The Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine announcement reduced political trust
Authors: Heap Shaun P. Hargreaves , Koop Christel , Matakos Konstantinos , Unan Asli , Weber Nina Sophie
Published: January 2021

The announcement of Pfizer/BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine success on 9 November 2020 led to a global stock market surge. But how did the general public respond to such good news? We report results of a nation-wide natural experiment in the US and the UK on how the vaccine news influenced citizens' government evaluations, anxiety, beliefs and elicited behaviors. While most outcomes were unaffected by the news, trust in government and elected politicians (and their competency) saw a significant decline in both countries. As the news did not concern the government, and the government did not have time to act on the news, our results suggest a dispositional response to positive news more likely to be explained by a form of the psychological mechanism of motivated reasoning. They also offer a novel insight regarding the association between trust in government and compliance with its policies: anxiety might explain both.
Survey Experiments in the Study of Religions
Authors: Schnabel Landon
Published: January 2021

Survey experiments are burgeoning in the study of religion/s. A survey experiment is simply an experiment conducted on a survey. Survey experiments address key limitations of non-experimental surveys and experiments on convenience samples. Surveys are great for speaking to patterns in a broader population, but are limited in their ability to examine causal mechanisms (i.e., what exactly causes what). Lab experiments speak to causality, but using convenience samples limits generalizability (i.e., the extent to which the patterns can be expected to apply to a wider population). Survey experiments combine strengths from survey methods and experimental methods, providing leverage on both generalizability and causality. By using population-based sampling frames from survey research, survey experiments can generalize to a broader population. And by using experimental methods, specifically randomly assigning people to experimental conditions, survey experiments can establish whether one thing causes another. Although survey experiments are becoming more common in the social scientific study of religion, we are only beginning to scratch the surface of the range of questions and contexts that could be explored with survey experiments.
Understanding earthquake disaster in central Himalayas - a perspective of mitigation and hazard prediction
Authors: Shanker D. Shanker , Paudyal Harihar , Singh H. N. , Singh V. P.
Published: January 2021

Annually, about 100,000 earthquakes of magnitude more than three hit the earth. As a result, more than 15 million human lives have been lost and damage worth of hundreds of billions of dollars has been inflicted in the recorded history due to these disasters. More than a dozen earthquakes of Ms > 7.5 have occurred in the Himalayan region since 1897.The seismic activity in the Himalayan frontal arc is the result of continued collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates.

Most of the earthquake generation models currently used for seismic hazard evaluation are based on the assumption of Poisson or other memoryless distribution, i.e. low-magnitude earthquakes follow the Poisson distribution (random event) and large-magnitude events follow the exponential distribution (non-random). The study suggests that the region has low probabilities and large mean return periods for higher-magnitude earthquakes. The earthquake generation process in Nepal Central Himalayas supports the time- and magnitude-predictable model, which is valid for 5.5< Ms <8.6. The analysis suggests that the probability of occurrence of moderate earthquakes (Ms = 5.8-6.5) in the next decade in the Central Himalayan region is very high (0.59-0.91), whereas it is very low (<0.40) for southern Tibet.
Deformation analysis of foundation: a case study of Bir Hospital Trauma Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Ajay Raj , Pradhan Ananta Man Singh
Published: January 2021

The rapidly increasing population in the Kathmandu valley has demanded for the construction of multi-storeyed buildings. Such structures can be vulnerable to failures as they are constructed on soft fluvio-lacustrine sediments without detailed deformation analysis of their foundation. Hence, the Bir Hospital Trauma Centre is taken here as a case study for the deformation analysis. The settlement calculated by conventional test methods (e.g., oedometer test, compressibility index, etc.) are purely one dimensional and do not represent the actual value where lateral influence s are possible. For example, the settlement reckoned from conventional methods was 41.6 mm for the stratification below 4 m depth and 24 mm for the stratification below 8 m depth. On the other hand, using a finite element method, it was 42.5 mm for the stratification below 8 m depth.
The Pokhara May 5th flood disaster: A last warning sign sent by nature?
Authors: Hanisch Jorg , Koirala Achyuata , Bhandary Netra P.
Published: January 2021

The flood disaster of May 5th, 2012 in Pokhara Valley, Nepal, taking the life of at least 72 people, is explained by a so-called sturzstrom. It developed from a huge rockfall onto a glacier in a high- mountain depression and then transformed into a subsequent debris flow/hyper-concentrated flow devastating the upper reaches of Seti Khola Valley. Apparently, the same processes have formed the smooth terrace landform of Pokhara Valley during Holocene times: two gigantic debris-flow events were identified and dated to have occurred about 12,000 and 750 years ago. Both epochs were associated with global warming processes. During these debris-flow events the whole valley was filled by 3-5 km3 of debris transported from the same huge high- mountain depression called Sabche Cirque where the recent debris flow came from. A new catastrophe of similar size would have an apocalyptic impact: about half a million people live in the valley today. A detailed investigation of the circumstances of the disaster on May 5th, especially the possible influence of global warming on the trigger of the disaster, and a reliable forecast of a potential recurrence of similar events or of even much greater scope, are urgently required. For this, the thorough understanding of the conditions, triggers and mechanisms of the huge flows in the past to compare it with the recent flood is indispensable as well.
Soils as proxies of the history of landscape and climate: Examples from eastern Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Karma Dema , Bliumler Rupert
Published: January 2021

The reconstruction of the landscape history and past environmental fluctuations is a major task with respect to forecasting man or naturally-induced changes. In this context the extent of soil development in fluvial deposits of the Chamkhar Chhu river system in Eastern Bhutan were studied for relative age dating. The deposits represent 25 fluvial terraces up to more than 260 m above the recent river level. We used a set of methods covering physical (soil texture, specific surface area) and chemical (pedogenic oxides, soil development indices) processes, and we calculated solum-weighted means of individual soil parameters to compare different sites, and to minimize problems caused by heterogeneity of the parent materials. The results were maintained by numerical age dating of fossil A horizons. Pedogenic oxides and soil development indices as well as soil texture indicate that soils can be used as proxies of the history of landscape and climate. Local as well as global climate fluctuations are well preserved in the soils despite slope processes inducing reverse-tended soil formation in fluvial deposits of Late Pleistocene origin and older, while soils on fluvial deposits of Holocene age indicate distinct chronosequences (Dorji et al. 2009).
Erosion assessment in the middle Kali Gandaki (Nepal): A sediment budget approach
Authors: Fort Monique , Cossart Etienne
Published: January 2021

Active mountains supply the largest sediment fluxes experienced on earth. At mountain range scale, remote sensing approaches, sediments provenance or stream power law analyses, collectively provide rough long-term estimates of total erosion. Erosion is indeed controlled by rock uplift and climate, hence by a wide range of processes (detachment, transport and deposition), all operating within drainage basin units, yet with time and spatial patterns that are quite complex at local scale. We focus on the Kali Gandaki valley, along the gorge section across the Higher Himalaya (e.g. from Kagbeni down to Tatopani). Along this reach, we identify sediment sources, stores and sinks, and consider hillslope int eractions with valley floor, in particular valley damming at short and longer time scales, and their impact on sediment budgets and fluxes. A detailed sediment budget is presented, constrained by available dates and/or relative chronology, ranging from several 10 kyr to a few decades. Obtained results span over two orders of magnitude that can best be explained by the type and magnitude of erosional processes involved. We show that if large landslides contribute significantly to the denudation history of active mountain range, more frequent medium to small scales landslides are in fact of primary concern for Himalayan population.
Morphometry and geomorphic development of the Bagmati River Basin, Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Shrestha Pramila , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi
Published: January 2021

Morphometric analysis of a watershed provides a quantitative description of the drainage system which is an important aspect of characterization of watershed. The analysis requires measurement of linear features, aerial aspects, gradient of channel network and contributing ground slopes of the drainage basin. The morphometric characteristics at the watershed-scale may contain important information regarding its formation and development because all hydrologic and geomorphic processes occur within the watershed. In this study morphometric property of the Bagmati River Basin (BRB) was investigated using different morphometric attributes and hypsometric analysis in order to investigate geomorphic development of the river basin, in an active tectonic zone. DEM has been prepared from the contour and spot height data using digital topographic maps of 1:25000-scale acquired from the Department of Survey, Nepal. The main stem Bagmati River is the eighth order perennial river that stretches for 206 km with an elongated catchment of area 3761 sq. km. It consists of 39 sub-basins of fourth order and higher. The study shows that the drainage system of the BRB is attaining a mature stage from a youth stage from lower order streams to the higher order streams in geomorphic development process. Some exceptions occurred at higher order stream segments, where drainage development seems to control by structure and lithology. According to the analytical results, erosional stage and level of tectonic activity of sub-basins differ from each other. Generally, the lithology and geological structure seems to control the drainage texture and relief of the BRB. The river system within the Kathmandu Valley is attaining maturity having meandering channels with wide flood plains, whereas rivers of the Lesser Himalaya and the Siwaliks are at youth stage with erosional potential. The downstream part of higher order stream segments are in mature stage having potential for lateral erosion and meander migration. Therefore, the Bagmati River stretch, especially the eight order one poses vulnerability to bank erosion.
Geodynamic significance of preserved Carboniferous subduction complex in Atbashi range (South Tianshan, Kyrgyzstan) and inferences for crustal-scale structure of north Tarim-Tibet orogenic system
Authors: Loury Chloe , Rolland Yann , Guillot Stephane , Lanari Pierre , Alexeiev Dmitriy V. , Mikolaichuk Alexander V.
Published: January 2021

A subduction complex of carboniferous age is preserved in the South Tianshan belt of Kyrgyzstan. It is made of a LP-LT accretionnary prism comprising an obducted ophiolite thrusted by a HP complex made of a sedimentary channel including eclogites boudins and a continental unit. Its structure and metamorphic history are investigated to reconstruct the geodynamic evolution of the northern Tarim in the Upper Palaeozoic. This study gives insights into the crustal-scale structure of this mountain belt, currently intensely reactivated by the India-Asia collision. Eclogites boudins have a N-MORB type composition similar to the unmetamorphosed obducted ophiolite sequence. Evidence for eclogite facies in both acidic and mafic lithologiesand geological structure are in agreement with a deep subduction channel mainly comprised of metasediments. Eclogites boudins are investigated for a preliminary PT study. Prograde stage (I) begins in blue-schist/eclogite facies transition at 520 ± 30°C - 17 ± 1 kbar. Condit ions of peak metamorphism (II) in eclogite facies range from 550 ± 30°C - 18.5 ± 1 kbar to 540- 595°C - 21 kbar. Retrograde stage (III) is also in the eclogite facies conditions at 515 ± 30°C - 16.7 ± 1 kbar. The geological structure and metamorphic conditions of this suture zone implies the subduction of a narrow oceanic basin in a south-dipping subduction zone, while another north-dipping subduction was active below Middle Tianshan. Final stacking of Middle and South Tianshan occurred at 320-310 Ma. These antithetic subduction zones are still reflected in the main structures of Tianshan. Reactivation of the south­ dipping structures since 30 Ma is ascribed to explain the current localisation of uplift and deformation.
Applicability of garnet-cordierite (Gt-Crd) geothermometer
Authors: Thomas Harel Thomas , Rana Haritabh , Mishra Anju
Published: January 2021

The garnet-cordierite pairs are commonly found in the assemblages of granulites and hence are suitable for estimating equilibrium temperature of these metamorphic rocks. At present, there are many calibrations of garnet - cordierite (Gt-Crd) thermometer that may confuse geologists in choosing a reliable thermometer. To test the accuracy of the garnet - cordierite thermometers, we have applied eleven models formulated by a number of researchers since (1976) till date. We have collected 70 samples from the literature all over the world, which has been processed through “Gt-Crd.EXE” software. Based on the present study, we have identified a set of the best among all the eleven models which were considered under this comparative study. We have concluded that the five garnet-cordierite thermometers are the most valid and reliable of this kind of thermometer (Holdaway and Lee, 1977; Perchuk et al. 1985; Thompson, 1976; Wells,1979 and Aranovich and Podlesskii ,1989).
Lithostratigraphy of the Siwalik Group along the Muksar Khola section, Siraha-Udayapur District, Eastern Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Rai Lalit Kumar , Yoshida Kohki
Published: January 2021

The Siwalik Group extending east to west co-linear to the main Himalayan range is well exposed along the Muksar Khola section, Siraha-Udayapur district, eastern Nepal Himalaya. Siwalik Group in the present study area is divided into the Lower, Middle, and Upper Siwaliks based on grain size and sandstone-mudstone proportion. The Lower Siwaliks is characterized by very fine- to fine-grained, light grey sandstone interbedded with dark grey to olive black mudstone. The Middle Siwaliks, is characterized by the domination of fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, and based on the lithology and bed thickness it is divided into two members. The lower member is dominated by fine- to medium-grained “salt and pepper” sandstone with dark greenish to olive-grey mudstone while, the upper member is dominated by light grey to white medium- to coarse-grained sandstone with grey, dark grey to black mudstone. Increase in the grain size and thickness of sandstone beds, increase in the proportion of mudstone, decrease in induration of sandstone and decrease in the proportion of biotite grain in sandstone makes upper member different from lower member of the Middle Siwaliks. The Upper Siwaliks is characterized by very thick beds of clast supported conglomerate associated with coarse- to very coarse-grained, very thick bedded sandstone and dull yellowish-grey to grey mudstone. The boundary between the Lower Siwaliks and the Middle Siwaliks, lower member and upper member of the Middle Siwaliks, and the Upper Siwaliks are 10.0 Ma, 5.7 Ma, and 3.5 Ma, respectively. The present study records the presence of a large succession of intra-formational conglomerate succession in the Lower Siwaliks.
Zwischen Hamlet, Hanswurst und dem Andrucktermin um 22.30 Uhr – Der Alltag der Theaterkritik
Authors: Oesterreich Volker
Published: January 2021

Kritiker werden häufig karikiert: auf der Bühne, im Film und natürlich in gezeichneter Form. Ein frühes Beispiel bilden Shakespeares Zuschauer-Kommentare im Sommernachtstraum. In Arsen und Spitzenhäubchen oder dem Animationsfilm Ratatouille findet man ebenfalls Karikaturen. Die Behauptung, die Theaterkritik existiere erst seit Lessings Hamburgischer Dramaturgie, muss zurückgewiesen werden. Ohne Kritik sind weder die antiken Dramatiker-Wettbewerbe noch die Poetik des Aristoteles denkbar. Rein stilistisch betrachtet sind Theaterkritiken von einem starken mündlichen Duktus geprägt, speziell bei Ludwig Börne, Theodor Fontane, Alfred Kerr und Friedrich Luft. Kerrs Behauptung, die Kritik stünde als vierte Gattung neben der Lyrik, Dramatik und Epik diente der Selbststilisierung, andere Kritiker teilen diese Auffassung nicht. Im medialen Kontext stellen sich für heutige Theaterkritiker ständigneue Herausforderungen dar: Zum einen ist der Aktualitätsdruck durch die Online-Konkurrenz stark gestiegen, zum anderen verlangt die formale Vielfalt (postdramatisches Theater, postmigrantisches Theater, Site Specific Theatre, Rechercheprojekte, Dekonstruktion überlieferter Stoffe etc.) ständig neue Positionsbestimmungen.
Mehrsprachigkeit in Deutschland: Potenziale und Förderung im Herkunftssprachenunterricht
Authors: Hamann Katharina , Wulff Nadja , Huneke Hans-Werner
Published: January 2021

Durch die anhaltende Einwanderung in den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich die Bevölkerungszusammensetzung Deutschlands stark verändert. Das Land hat an neuen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern und damit auch an neuem sprachlichen Reichtum gewonnen. Welchen Stellenwert die neue migrationsbedingte Sprachenvielfalt hat und wie die mehrsprachigen Ressourcen vor allem im Kontext Schule erschlossen werden können bzw. sollten, wird intensiv diskutiert. Im Herkunftssprachenunterricht sollen die Erstsprachen der Schülerinnen und Schüler zu funktionalen Varietäten aufund ausgebaut werden. Im folgenden Beitrag soll dargestellt werden, wie die Mehrsprachigkeit im Rahmen des Herkunftssprachenunterrichts Russisch und Polnisch gefördert wird und welche Herausforderungen und Potenziale diese Unterrichtsform mit sich bringt.
Anna Sulikowska: Kognitive Aspekte der Phraseologie. Konstituierung der Bedeutung von Phraseologismen aus der Perspektive der Kognitiven Linguistik. (= Danziger Beiträge zur Germanistik, Bd. 57). Berlin: Peter Lang, 2019: 571 S.
Authors: Kałasznik Marcelina
Published: January 2021

Anna Sulikowska: Kognitive Aspekte der Phraseologie. Konstituierung der Bedeutung von Phraseologismen aus der Perspektive der Kognitiven Linguistik. (= Danziger Beiträge zur Germanistik, Bd. 57). Berlin: Peter Lang, 2019: 571 S.
Soft Power: theoretical framework and political foundations
Authors: De Martino Mario
Published: January 2021

Although 30 years have passed since it was first formulated by the American political scientist Joseph Nye Jr, experts in international relations still debate on the contribution that soft power can give in foreign policy. This article aims to analyse the epistemological framework of soft power since its elaboration over the years till now. The research delves into two essential angles of soft power. The former is the study on the relevance of the concept of soft power in the current political dynamics. The latter is the definition of the idea of soft power with a focus on the evolution of such an idea since it was formulated by Joseph Nye Jr. The academic debate around the concept of soft power can be summarised mostly around four points: (1) the definition of soft power, (2) the relationship between hard and soft power; (3) resources and behaviours generating soft power; (4) the actors involved, when we speak about soft power. In the political debate of the last few years, some political scientists and practitioners have raised doubts about relevance and effectiveness of soft power in the current international political dynamics. However, the COVID-19 pandemic, which is reshaping the global order, is demonstrating that deploying effective public diplomacy is still crucial in international relations.
Human rights and biometric data. Social credit system
Authors: Bazina Olga O.
Published: January 2021

Biometrics, as a field of science, analyzes the physical and behavioral characteristics of people in order to identify their personality. A huge amount of technology in the field of biometric data collection is developed by IT giants like Google, Facebook, or Alibaba. The European Union (EU) took an important step towards biometric data confidentiality by developing a unified law on the protection of personal data (General Data Protection Regulation, GDPR). The main goal of this action is to return control over personal data to European citizens and at the same time simplify the regulatory legal basis for companies. While European countries and organisations are introducing the GDPR into force, China since 2016 has launched a social credit system as a pilot project. The Social Credit Score (SCS) is based on collecting the maximum amount of data about citizens and assessing the reliability of residents based on their financial, social and online behavior. Only critical opinions can be read about the social credit system in European literature, although the opinions of persons being under this system – Chinese citizens – are quite positive. In this context, we should not forget about the big difference in the mentality of Asians and Europeans. The aim of this article is to compare EU law and the legislation of the People's Republic of China regarding the use and storage of biometric data. On the basis of statistical data and materials analysed, key conclusions will be formulated, that will allow to indicate differences in the positions of state institutions and the attitude of citizens to the issue of personal data protection in China and the European Union.
The end goal of the post-communist transition in Bulgaria: societal transformation or EU membership?
Authors: Popova Lubomira
Published: January 2021

The end of the Cold War resulted in an unprecedented geopolitical situation in Europe, presenting a challenge to the security in the continent and the integration achieved so far. The only solution to this geopolitical problem was the integration of the post-communist Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) into the European Union (EU). The CEE countries therefore had to undergo deep societal reforms, while simultaneously pursuing a new foreign policy agenda away from the orbits of Russia. The EU was perceived as a solution to all existing problems. The results of the research conducted in Bulgaria, presented in this article, demonstrate that preparation for meeting the membership criteria which on the surface seemed to correspond to the aims of the transition, substituted the due structural reform. Thus, the EU accession instead of being an instrument for achieving sustainable long-term goals, became an end goal in itself, as if it would be an international testimony of a successful transition. The reforms carried out became a formality, were partial and superficial, and therefore reversible. As a result, the rule of law is deteriorating, and we can observe a facade democracy.
ANALYSIS OF WAYS FOR DECARBONIZATION OF THE EU HEATING SECTOR (REVIEW)
Authors: Zheliezna T.A. , Bashtovyi A.I.
Published: January 2021

The aim of the work is to analyze possible ways of decarbonization of the EU heat supply sector. The task of the work is to identify the most promising areas and develop appropriate recommendations for Ukraine. The heat supply sector of the EU and Ukraine needs decarbonization, for which there is a big potential and different areas of implementation of relevant measures. In Europe, such a strategy is set out in the Roadmap for decarbonization of the EU heating sector until 2050, the main provisions of which are in line with objectives of the European Green Deal and the EU Strategy on Heating and Cooling. European experts have developed the concept of a smart energy system, which was taken into account when preparing the Roadmap for decarbonization of the EU heating sector until 2050. A number of carried out studies have shown that a smart energy system with 50% district heating integrated with other parts of the overall energy system is more efficient than a conventional energy system or the one based on decentralized heat supply, in terms of the possibility of using a high share of renewable energy. It is recommended for Ukraine to finalize the Concept of green energy transition until 2050, taking into account European approaches to the development of heating systems and the use of modern biofuels. It is also recommended to expand the current Concept of heat supply of Ukraine to the level of a strategy with an emphasis on the development of district heating systems, wide involvement of renewable energy sources and new technologies.
Calculation of the radius of the cutting torch when drying liquid heterogeneous systems with complex rheological properties
Authors: Turchina T.Ya. , Maletskaya K.D. , Zhukotsky E.K. , Tkachenko O.V.
Published: January 2021

The value of the radius of the spray torch at different heat-technological parameters of drying and the necessary information for the analysis and optimization of the operation of the spray drying unit, depending on the productivity, its technical characteristics and the physicochemical characteristics of the material being dried, can be quickly obtained using a mathematical calculation algorithm.

The calculations were carried out in Microsoft Excel according to the formula of Acad. A.A. Dolinskyi, in which the value of the average volumetric-surface diameter of a droplet in the spray plume is determined by the Fraser formula. The results of calculating the radius of the spray plume are presented on the example of a mushroom suspension, which is characterized by complex rheological properties, obtained using a special technology of the Institute of Technical Thermophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.

The calculations were carried out for a small-sized spray dryer with a cylindrical part of the chamber 1.3 m in diameter and a disk atomizer at different parameters: air temperature at the chamber inlet, the unit's capacity for liquid product and its temperature.

The dependences obtained from the calculated data demonstrate the possibility of reducing the radius of the spray of a liquid heterogeneous system with a temperature of 50-60 ° C by an average of 20% in comparison with the cooled product, and with an increase in the temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the chamber from 160 ° C to 190 ° C, the productivity of the spray drying unit increases by 25-30%.

The high convergence of the calculated data with the experimental ones indicates the advisability of using this mathematical calculation algorithm for a quick and well-grounded determination of the rational dimensions of industrial spray dryers for the production of dry forms of new types of products, taking into account the complex rheological properties of the initial high-humidity heterogeneous systems and the peculiarities of the kinetics of their drying.
TECHNOLOGY OF SUPPORT OF THE PROCESS OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL MOBILITY OF FUTURE BACHELORS IN ADAPTIVE PHYSICAL CULTURE
Authors: Kolesov Aleksei Iur'evich
Published: January 2021

The concepts of the process of forming professional mobility of students and the technology of supporting the process of forming professional mobility of future bachelors in adaptive physical education are specified in the article. The analyzed technology involves a phased implementation. The article highlights the motivational-target, cognitive-operational and reflective-diagnostic stages. At these stages, psychological, pedagogical, scientific, methodological and social support is provided for the formation of professional mobility of future bachelors in adaptive physical education.
The Anemia Syndrome in Contemporary Women: an Unsolved Worldwide Problem. A Therapeutic Approach
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Radzinsky V.E. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Solovyeva A.V. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education); Moscow, Russian Federation, Fedotov N.G. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education); Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Objective of the Review: To set forth the frequency and prevalence of the anemia syndrome in non-pregnant and pregnant women and approaches to treating this disorder. Key Points: Anemia syndrome is the most common health problem in contemporary women. The leading cause of iron deficiency in women of reproductive age is abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). Anemia in women significantly reduces their ability to work and quality of life, and increases the rates and severity of complications in pregnant women and parturients. It is also a significant contributor to maternal mortality and fetal and neonatal morbidity. Treating anemia in pregnant women presents certain challenges. In the period between the first trimester and delivery, there is an 8-fold increase in the requirement for iron; therefore, hemoglobin levels return to normal slowly. The active ingredient of Ferrum Lek is a ferric hydroxide polymaltose complex, which is as effective as medications containing ferrous sulfate, but is significantly better tolerated by patients and easier to use. The active transport of iron allows its controlled absorption from the polymaltose complex, minimizing the risk of an increase in serum levels of iron not bound to transferrin. This ensures that this medication is very safe and eliminates the risk of overdose or poisoning. Conclusion: Anemia syndrome is the most common type of homeostatic imbalance in women of reproductive age. It most often results from frequent and abundant uterine bleeding (AUB). Therefore, an obstetrician-gynecologist plays the leading role in identifying menstrual disorders and choosing therapies to reduce blood loss. A gynecologist will also work with an internist (hematologist) in treating iron deficiency anemia. Keywords: anemia syndrome, iron deficiency anemia, abnormal uterine bleeding, ferric hydroxide polymaltose complex.
An Ideal Folate: Myth or Reality?
Authors:   I.I. Mechnikov Northwestern State Medical University (a Federal Government-funded Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Ministry of Health, Mikhailyukova V.A. ,   St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Objective of the Review: To assess the benefits and risks of using various doses and forms of folic acid as part of pre-conception care and during pregnancy. Key Points: Folic acid (vitamin B9) is known to be an essential microelement, required for DNA replication and several enzyme reactions in amino acid synthesis and metabolism of vitamins. During pregnancy folate requirements rise. According to Order No. 572n of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health, dated November 1, 2012, women should receive folic acid starting in the pre-conception period at doses not exceeding 400 μg/day. A pregnant woman’s folate status is critical for the prevention of folate-associated birth defects and for the baby’s postnatal development. There is still some controversy about the advantages of different forms of folates, the safety of low and high folate doses, the duration of treatment, and the benefits of folates compared with multivitamins. Conclusion: Currently, there is no doubt that women should receive vitamin-mineral products containing folic acid as part of their preconception care and during pregnancy. There is a need, however, for a formal federal protocol for pre-conception care that will guide the use of vitamin-mineral products containing various forms of folates and describe a personalized approach to micronutrient support for various categories of women, including its composition, doses, and duration. Keywords: folates, folic acid, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, pregnant women, newborns, disorders of pregnancy, Femibion Natalcare.
3D-ultrasonography for Assessing Endometrial Receptivity to Implantation after Conservative Surgery for Ovarian Endometriomas
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Solomatina A.A. ,   Moscow, Russian Federation, Konoplyannikov A.G. ,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation, Khamzin I.Z. ,   City Clinical Hospital No. 31 (a Government-funded Healthcare Institution), Moscow City Department of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation, Bratchikova O.V. ,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation, Chabieva L.B. ,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation, Stepanyan E.S. ,   N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health; Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2021

Study Objective: To assess, based on 3D-ultrasonography data, endometrial receptivity to implantation in women who have undergone conservative surgery for ovarian endometriomas (OE). Study Design: This was a prospective, comparative, clinical study. Materials and Methods: One hundred and seventy-two women who had undergone excision of OE were examined in the study: 114 patients with anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels below 1.2 ng/mL (Group I, including subgroup A made up of 44 women younger than 35 and subgroup B made up of 70 women aged 35 to 40) and 58 patients with AMH ≥1.2 ng/mL (Group II). 3D-ultrasonography was performed at six and 12 months after cyst removal (between days 6 and 8 after ovulation). The VOCAL software was used to assess endometrial volume and volumetric blood flow indices, such as vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularizationflow index (VFI). Study Results: One year after the surgery, endometrial volume in women from subgroup IA and Group II and volumetric blood flow indices in women from Group II did not significantly differ from population mean values. In subgroup IB endometrial gland volume remained reduced throughout the observation period; hemodynamics did not improve in either the endometrium (VI: 2.39 ± 1.57% after six months and 2.32 ± 1.44% after 12 months) or the subendometrial layer (VI: 10.96 ± 5.68% and 11.86 ± 4.59%, respectively). Conclusion: The structural and hemodynamic abnormalities revealed in the endometrium in the postoperative period should be viewed as factors worsening endometrial receptivity to implantation. Keywords: ovarian endometriosis, endometrial disorders, 3D-ultrasonography, volumetric blood flow indices.
Laboratory Class Engagement among Nursing Students: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Hassona Farida Mahmoud
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the laboratory class engagement level among nursing students in a four dimensions (that is, engagement activities, cognitive skills, other educational practices, and class atmosphere) and its difference with the demographic profile of the students. This research employed a comparative-cross sectional study design. The research was conducted in the College of Nursing, University of Hail in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the academic year 2018-2019. There were 136 nursing students that participated in this study because of the convenience sampling. This study was conducted from January to February 2019. The participants have a high level of engagement activities (2.65), cognitive skills (3.07), other educational practices (2.92), and classroom atmosphere (2.72). There is no significant relation between laboratory class engagements with age (p>0.054), academic year (p>0.382), previous education (p>0.895), gender (p>0.297), and reason for enrolment (p>0.313). Nursing students who enrolled in the fundamental of nursing practical course were highly engaged. The age, academic year, previous education, gender and reason for enrolment were not significant to the students’ engagement. The nursing educator played a major role for the students to reach their highest achievement in the attainment of their goal to meet the expectation of every nursing school towards mission vision.
Eltérő típusú tartástechnológiák hatása a szürke harcsa (Silurus glanis) termelési paramétereire, valamint a víz és az üledék minőségére
Authors: Nagy Zoltán , Gál Dénes , Hancz Csaba , Biró Janka
Published: January 2021

A kísérlet célja annak a megállapítása volt, hogy két eltérő tartástechnológia (monokultúra (M), intenzív-extenzív tavi rendszer (I-E)) milyen hatással van a szürke harcsa (Silurus glanis) termelési paramétereire, valamint a tavak vízminőségére és az üledék kémiai összetételére. Kísérletünket, mely 153 napig tartott, kétnyaras szürke harcsa és ponty (Cyprinus carpio) állománnyal végeztük. A vizsgálat kezdetén a szürke harcsa átlagos testtömege 485,7±3,4 g, a ponty átlagos testtömege 348,9±2,5 g volt. A kísérlet végén az átlagos testtömegek 1932,9±194,5 g és 2266,9±87,6 g (ponty) voltak. A termelési paraméterek között szignifikáns különbséget nem találtunk. A növekedési sebesség (SGR) mind a két kezelés esetében nagyon alacsony értékeket (0,9±0,1 %/nap) mutatott. A vízminták adatainál a nitrát-N, nitrit-N, ortofoszfát-P és az összes lebegőanyag esetében szignifikáns különbséget kaptunk a kezelések között. Az üledékminták Kjeldahl-N és foszfor tartalmában jelentős csökkenést figyeltünk meg az intenzív és extenzív technológiát kombináló kezelés esetében. Mindez arra enged következtetni, hogy a kombinált rendszerben a haltermelés tápanyag transzformációja meghaladta a monokultúráét, jelentős mennyiségű szerves N és P vegyület került kivonásra és akkumulálódott a kiegészítő pontyhozamban.
Az amerikai májmétely (Fascioloides magna) expanziója Délnyugat-Magyarországon – Előzetes közlemény
Authors: Halász Tibor , Nagy Gábor , Csányi Erika , Németh Sándor , Csivincsik Ágnes
Published: January 2021

Európában a Fascioloides magna több endémiás területen fordul elő. A féreg a különböző élőhelyek között a végleges gazdák mozgásával, a köztigazdák széthurcolásával, illetve állatszállítások útján terjed. A tanulmányban a szerzők öt, Belső-Somogyban elejtett gímszarvas esetfeldolgozásával mutatják be a F. magna fertőzöttség terjedését. A parazitológiai vizsgálatok során négy állatban, eltérő intenzitással fordult elő a faj, egy esetben csak a férgek májban történő vándorlásának jellegzetes nyomait figyelték meg. A nagy amerikai májmétely 2018-ban megismert legészakibb belső-somogyi előfordulása és a jelenlegi előfordulások között a távolságok 21,0-37,8 km közé estek. Az eredmények a F. magna további dél-dunántúli terjedését támasztják alá.
The influence of climate change on the spread of human salmonellosis (Mini-review)
Authors: Shmeleva Ekaterina
Published: January 2021

Human salmonellosis is one of the most important food-borne diseases, which is caused by the serovars of Salmonella enterica. The mesophilic and hydrophilic bacteria, Salmonella serovars are expected to spread and cause an increased number of cases as a result of climate change. The interdependence of human salmonellosis and climate change is a complex phenomenon. Therefore, it needs a multidisciplinary method of analysis. Especially in low-income regions, both extreme weather events and diseases and their coexistence cause real disasters to the poorest communities. This review gathers the epidemiological and socioeconomic aspects of human salmonellosis to assess the main driving forces of infection. As a result, it was ascertained that the application of different disciplines helped to appreciate the important role of poverty in the epidemiology of human salmonellosis.
Creating a visual destination brand design for Kotagede’s cultural heritage
Authors: Kristina Elsa , Selamet Juhri , Brahma Adhreza
Published: January 2021

Kotagede is one of six cultural heritage areas in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, located 6 kms from the center of Yogyakarta city, and the centerpiece of Yogyakarta and Solo. In 2019, CNN International added Kotagede to a list of the 13 most beautiful towns in Asia. The uniqueness and historical and cultural heritage of areas in Kotagede’s make it a potential tourist destination. However, Kotagede does not have any visual identity that projects it as a unique tourist destination and historical witness of the Islamic Kingdom of Mataram. This study used Morgan, Pritchard and Pride’s methods to develop a destination brand and visual identity for Kotagede. By developing this visual identity design, the authors aim to push Kotagede’s image as a historical and cultural destination that may be popular among tourists such that it can have an impact on the tourism and economics sector of Kotagede.
Designing Social Campaign for The Usage of Travel Insurance
Authors: Setiawan Yolanda Astarie Milenia , Rizkavirwan Darfi
Published: January 2021

With the current growth of traveling in Indonesia, the needs of travel insurance are very important for every traveller since there are a lot of risks that could happen anytime while traveling. Unfortunately, the number of travel insurance usage in Indonesia is still very low. 52.2% respondents of the research never use travel insurance before. The proportion of travel insurance is only about less than 10% of total national’s insurance premium. In this report, the author will design how to communicate the increasement for the usage of travel insurance for traveller through social campaign and to design the visual that show the bad possibilities that could happen without a travel insurance through social campaign. The author has collected data by doing interviews, questionnaire, and Focus Group Discussion. By designing this project, the author hopes that the literacy and penetration of the travel insurance will increase.
A Social Campaign Design "BERAKSI" to Prevent the Transmission of Disease Through Physical Contact with Babies
Authors: Clarisa Zora , Selamet Juhri , Brahma Adhreza
Published: January 2021

Babies often make people around them “melt” and become targets to be held and kissed by relatives, family friends, and even strangers. When holding and kissing a baby, people often do not realize that they carry viruses or bacteria that can harm the baby because the baby’s immune system is still underdeveloped. This project designed to encourage parents to refuse physical contact with their babies to prevent the transmission of a disease.
Designing an Informative Pop-Up Book about Microplastic Particles for 8-13 Years Old Children
Authors: Salvita Angelina , Widjono Rani Aryani
Published: January 2021

It is undeniable that the use of plastic, especially disposable plastic has become a part of an everyday life of a human. In Indonesia, the waste management is still at its minimum point and unbalanced to the amount of plastic consumptions. Government stated that schools around Indonesia still need education regarding waste. The importance of providing education about plastic and waste from an early age can help educate the children in order to raise their awareness about the use of plastic wisely. Based on the research that has been done, the target readers ranging from 8-13 years old doesn’t know yet the harmful effect of what plastic can cause. Pop-up book is the chosen media in order to facilitate the distribution of information, the book is packed with interactive pages, making it easier for children to remember what they see when they are directly involved on a media.
Citizenship Dilemma For Indonesian Descent In Southern Mindanao
Authors: T Hafidz R , Baidawi Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran pemerintah Indonesia dalam menangani dilema masyarakat keturunan indonesia yang tinggal di mindanao selatan filipina. Seperti yang kita ketahui, ada Lebih dari 8.000 orang keturunan Indonesia yang telah tinggal di Mindanao Selatan, Filipina. Adapun status mereka selama ini secara formal adalah "tanpa memiliki identitas kewarganegaraan" dengan menerima konsekuensi: tidak akan mendapatkan bantuan secara ekonomi dan terpinggirkan secara sosial. Sejauh ini, kebanyakan dari mereka adalah terdaftar sebagai pemegang sertifikat warga Asing Filipina, sehingga mereka dapat menikmati fasilitas sosial dari pemerintah Filipina. Sedangkan yang memiliki paspor Indonesia, akibatnya, mereka akan kehilangan dukungan itu. Adapun Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan desktriptif yang didukung dengan data yang berkaitan dengan dilema masyarakat keuturunan Indonesia yang tinggal di mindanao selatan filipina. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Indonesia dalam menangani masalah diatas tersebut dengan mengorganisasikannya kedalam Diaspora Indonesia dan kemudian meningkatkan status mereka menjadi (Warga Negara Indonesia Terdaftar). Pada 2018, pemerintah Indonesia telah mulai mengeluarkan paspor Indonesia untuk mereka. Namun demikian, di balik penyelesaian hokum diatas, banyak dari mereka khawatir tentang konsekuensi ekonomi dan sosial yang akan mereka terima. Oleh karena itu dalam lima tahun ke depan mereka akan menghadapi persimpangan yang menentukan: Kembali ke Indonesia dalam ketidakpastian atau tetap tinggal di sana sebagai warga negara Indonesia di luar negeri dengan biaya yang membebani. Mengenai situasi dilematis ini, pemerintah Indonesia mencoba mengadopsi pendekatan yang lebih inovatif dan komprehensif dalam hukum, sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi juga dalam program pemberdayaan sosial yang terintegrasi. Sehingga dilema masyarkat keturunan Indonesia yang ada di Mindanao bisa mendapatkan kepastian.

Kata kunci: Indonesia Diaspora, RINs, Pemberdayaan Sosial.
Eksistensi Ilmu Pengetahuan Di Era Revolusi 4.0
Authors: Kubro Rohma , Satrio Ahmad , Rofi’ah Mulhatur , Faidlaani Akhmad , Reza Muhammad
Published: January 2021

This study is literature study with descriptive qualitative research with library research. This research is intended to explain the existence of science in the industrial revolution era 4.0. In this literature study, the author uses various written sources such as book, journal, and documents that are relevant to the study in this study. This study focuses on science and its existence in the industrial revolution era. The study results show that the existence of science at this time is still very much needed and has increased significantly. This is because the development of technology based on science has spread and entered the joints of aspects of human life..

Keywords : Industrial Revolution 4.0, Science, Technology.