bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OXYGEN ISOTOPE PROFILES OF UPPERMOST JURASSIC VERTEBRATE TEETH AND OYSTER SHELLS: A RECORD OF PALEOENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES AND ANIMAL HABITATS
Authors: WIERZBOWSKI HUBERT , BŁAŻEJOWSKI BŁAŻEJ , TYBOROWSKI DANIEL
Published: December 2019

High resolution oxygen isotopes profiles of well-preserved uppermost Jurassic oyster shells and vertebrate (ichthyosaur and fish) teeth from Central Poland were obtained using a microdrill and an ion microprobe (SHRIMP IIe/MC). Internal variability of δ18O values of oyster shells (-1.7 to 1.3‰ VPDB) collected from the offshore interval of the studied section is greater than that determined previously from bulk oysters. Relatively high δ18O values of the studied oysters may be linked to a slight increase in the salinity of the mid-Polish basin. Low δ18O values of co-occurring ichthyosaur tooth enamel substantiate endothermy of these reptiles. An observed ontogenetic increase in the ichthyosaur enamel δ18O values (from ∼ 19.4 to ∼ 21.6‰ VSMOW) may be a result of long distance migrations although the effect of metabolic factors at rising body mass cannot be completely excluded. It is postulated that δ18O values of the latest portion of the ichthyosaur tooth enamel can be used for the calculation of ancient water oxygen isotope composition and verification of oxygen isotope temperatures. High δ18O values of the enameloid of Caturus lungfishes (23.6 to 26.5‰ VSMOW) collected from an upper part of the studied section, which was deposited in a restricted lagoonal environment after a marine regression, are probably a result of a high evaporation rate. The fishes could have breathed atmospheric air and withstood episodes of water hypoxia. Internal oxygen isotope records of the shells and teeth are promising proxies for studies of the paleoenvironment and activity of animals.
Complete genome sequence analysis of a novel granaticin producer, Streptomyces sp. A1013Y
Authors: Zheng Shenglan , Zhu Yunping , Liu Kaifeng , Li Jinlong
Published: December 2019

Granaticin is a kind of antibiotics with the function of anticancer, antibacterial, anticoccidial. Streptomyces sp. A1013Y is a new strain isolated from soil with granaticin-producing ability. The genome information was analyzed for the further study of granaticin. The present work reported the complete genome of S. sp. A1013Y, which contains a 7,646,296 bp chromosome with an average GC content of 71.59%. A total of 7361 CDSs, including 66 tRNA genes, 18 rRNA genes and 23 clusters, were identified in the genome. With homologous recombination, an in-frame deletion mutant was constructed to confirm the granaticin cluster. The fermentation liquid of the mutant did not contain granaticin based on HPLC and LC-MS analysis, indicating that S. sp. A1013Y is a granaticin producer. Comparing the granaticin biosynthesis cluster of S. sp. A1013Y with Streptomycesviolaceoruber Tü22 and Streptomyces vietnamensis GIMV4.0001T, which were sequenced and produce granaticin, the similarity between the granaticin clusters was 78% and 83% respectively, but some genes still weren’t identified in the granaticin biosynthesis cluster. The phylogenetic analysis and ANI value between S. sp. A1013Y and other Streptomyces species, including S. vietnamensis GIMV4.0001T, were all below 85%, which showed that S. sp. A1013Y was probably a novel streptomyces strain that produced granaticin. The whole genome information of S. sp. A1013Y provides a valuable foundation for future granaticin analyses as well as biomedicine applications.
Multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase producing bacterial isolates among children under five years old with suspected bloodstream infection in a specialized hospital in Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Tadesse Mequanint Mitiku , Matebie Zeleke Ayenew , Tullu Kassu Desta
Published: December 2019

BackgroundBloodstream infections due to bacterial pathogens are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric patients. Emergence of drug resistance in high classes to antibiotics among the bacterial pathogens is another issue of public health concern. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine multi-drug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase producing bacterial isolates among suspected bloodsteam infection patients in children under five years of age at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to June 2018 among pediatric patients with febrile illness under five years of age at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital. Three hundred and forty blood samples were collected and processed following standard microbiological techniques and blood culture was performed using a BacT/Alert instrument in combination with conventional methods for identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).ResultA total of 137 (40.2%) bacterial pathogens were isolated from 340 pediatric patients suspected of bloodstream infection with febrile illness. Of these isolates, 54% were Gram negative bacteria. Among gram negative isolates 43 (31.4%) were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and 8.7% Acinetobacter species were the most frequently isolated pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were 88.4 % (38/43) MDR, 32.5% (14/43) ESBL, and 37.2 %( 16/43) CRE .ConclusionIn this study, highly resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae are common pathogen associated with BSI. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains were common in Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli isolates. Since most of isolates exhibit multidrug resistance, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing is mandatory. A strengthened antimicrobial surveillance system and antimicrobial stewardship programs are necessary for better selection of antibiotics in addition to improved infection prevention practices in hospital settings.
A Study of 0-14-Year-Old Children’s Access to Health Centers in Rural Areas Using a Buffer Model (a Case Study of Villages Based in Kermanshah Province, Iran)
Authors: Almasi Ali , Zangeneh Alireza , Saeidi Shahram , Ziapour Arash , Teimouri Raziyeh , Mahaki Behzad
Published: December 2019

Background: Children are among the most vulnerable groups in society, whose health is of prominent significance. Moreover, as a group of clients with special needs in the health care system, they require special attention. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the 0-14-year-old children’s access to health centers in rural areas of Kermanshah Province, Iran. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, both the latest published demographic statistics related to the Population and Housing Census, announced by the Statistical Center of Iran in 2011, and the information about the public and private hospitals in the province, collected by Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, were used as the basis for the analyses. Additionally, given the importance of spatial nature of the research, GIS was used for data analysis, and a buffer model was also applied. Results: The results revealed that out of the total population of 0-14-year-old children residing in rural areas within 15,000 and 30,000-Kilometer radii of Kermanshah Province, 87.94% and 75.11% of girls versus 88.15% and 75.38% of boys lacked access to health centers, respectively. Conclusion: It was found out that the 0-14-year-old children’s access to health centers was in poor condition in rural areas of Kermanshah Province, which would endanger the health of this age group.
Age as a decisive factor in general anesthesia use in pediatric proton beam therapy.
Authors: SHIMAZU YUZO , Otsuki Rie , Murakani Masao , Konishi Akio , Kan Keiichi , Seto Ichiro , Yamaguchi Hisahi , Tsubokura Masaharu , Hattori Hisashi
Published: December 2019

Background: Proton therapy for pediatric cancer patients is effective treatments. Young children have difficulties staying still during irradiation, so general anesthesia is often required. This study investigated the indication for general anesthesia in pediatric proton therapy.Methods: We focused on cancer patients under 15 years old who underwent proton therapy at Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan from April 2016 to December 2018. Background information and anesthesia/treatment protocols were retrospectively extracted from the electronic medical record. The anesthesia and non-anesthesia group were compared to evaluate factors determining the need for general anesthesia .Results: We analyzed 32 patients who received 285 irradiations. The median age was 5 years old (range: 1–15), and 13 patients (40.6%) were female. Twelve (37.5%) patients were treated with general anesthesia. In the general anesthesia group, airway management using laryngeal mask was performed in 11 patients (91.6%). Age was significantly lower in the general anesthesia group than in the non-anesthetized group (p < 0.001). Considering all background factors, only age was strongly associated with anesthesia in the univariate logistic regression models: odds ratio 0.55 [95% confidence interval 0.35–0.86] (P < 0.01). Adverse events included nausea and vomiting during and after irradiation, and no fatal complications were observed.Conclusion: Age is one of the most important factors determining the need for general anesthesia for PBT in children. it will be necessary to determine the guidelines for accumulation and collection of data between institutions and the indication of general anesthesia/sedation for radiation therapy including PBT.
Physical activity level and its demographic and psychosocial correlates among school-going adolescents in Obollo-Afor Education Zone, south-east Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Agbaje Olaoluwa Samson , Umoke Prince Iheanachor Christian , Attama Charity Chika , Ugwueze Fabian Chibunine , Agu Benedicta Ndidi , Ozoemena Eyuche Lawretta , Kato George U. , Obute Akor J.
Published: December 2019

Background: Physical inactivity (PA) is a modifiable risk factor for many chronic illnesses. Studies on physical activity in adolescent populationshave reported associations between PA and demographic and psychosocial factors. However, there is a limited evidence on PA level and associated factors among adolescents in south-east Nigeria. Thus, the study examined adolescents’ PA level and its demographic and psychosocial correlates among school-going adolescents in Obollo-Afor Education Zone, Enugu State, South-East Nigeria.Methods: A total of 365 randomly selected adolescents aged 12-19 years in Obollo-Afor, Enugu State, south-East Nigeria participated in the study. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire-Short Form (PSDQ-S), the Social Support and Peer Norms Scales for Physical Activity (SSPNS)were used to measure PA level, physical self-concept, social support and peer norms for PA.Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t -test, fixed effects ANOVA, and multiple linear regression.Results: The mean age of the participants was 15.76 ± 1.78 years for boys and 15.65 ± 1.83 years for girls. One-third (33.3%) had low PA level, more than half of the participants had moderate PA level(58.1%) whilevery few (8.5%) had high PA level. School-going adolescents had high mean physical self-concept(16.6 ± 40), social support(2.48 ± 1.04) and peer norms(2.19 ± 1.049). Adolescents’ PA level was positively related to self-concept ( r = .06, p > 0.05), social support ( r = .26, p < 0.01), peer norms ( r = .27, p < 0.01). Social support (beta = .22, p < .001), peer norms received for PA (beta = .23, p < .003), and class of study (beta = -.047, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with PA level among adolescents.Conclusions: One third of school-going adolescents had low level of PA, and low proportion had high level of PA. Also, Social support, peer norms received for PA and class of study were significantly associated with PA among adolescents. Future studies are needed to design interventions that promote PA among adolescents in Nigeria.
Coupling structural characterization with secretomic analysis reveals mechanism of the disruption of cross-linked structure in bamboo culms by Echinodontium taxodii
Authors: Kong Wen , Zhang Jialong , Xiao Qiuyun , Liu Jiashu , Cao Zhixiang , Ma Fuying , Yu Hongbo
Published: December 2019

Background: Overcoming the biomass recalcitrance is essential for efficient utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in industrial bio-refining. White-rot fungi can overcome the biomass recalcitrance and accelerate the conversion of lignocellulose to biofuels via a large number of special extracellular lignocellulolytic enzymes. Previous studies try to dissect the function of extracellular enzymes on biomass resistant cross-linked structures by secretome analysis, but the bio-alteration of cross-linked structures is ignored usually. A deeper and detailed understanding of relationship between secretome and bio-alteration of cross-linked structure in lignocellulosic biomass is still lack. Results: As an efficient wood-decaying fungus, Echinodontium taxodii could improve the conversion efficiency of lignocellulose to biofuels. This study coupled comparative analysis of fungal secretomes and 2D HSQC NMR analysis of lignocellulose fractions, aiming to elucidate the role of extracellular enzymes from Echinodontium taxodii 2538 in the disruption of resistant cross-linked structure of bamboo culms. Carboxylesterases, alcohol oxidases and Class-II peroxidases showed importance in the cleavage of cross-linked structures, including ester and ether linkages of lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) and inter-unit linkages of lignin, which contributed to biomass resistance removal and cellulose exposure during the early stage of fungal decay. Moreover, the rapid oxidation of Cα-OH was found to contribute to the lignin bio-depolymerization. Conclusions: These findings revealed the detailed mechanisms of biomass recalcitrance reduction by fungal pretreatment, and provide insight into efficient strategy of lignocellulose conversion. It will advance the development in design of enzyme cocktail for efficient lignocellulose bio-refinery.
Reversed paired-gRNA plasmid cloning strategy for efficient genome editing in Escherichia coli
Authors: Ding Tingting , Huang Chaoyong , Liang Zeyu , Ma Xiaoyan , Wang Ning , Huo Yi-Xin
Published: December 2019

BackgroundThe CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful tool for genome editing in various organisms. Several of its applications, including the generation of large deletions, require co-expression of two distinct guide RNAs (gRNAs). However, the instability of paired-gRNA plasmids prevents these applications from being scalable in Escherichia coli. Coexpressing paired gRNAs under the driving of independent but identical promoters in the same direction triggers plasmid recombination, due to the presence of direct repeats (DRs). ResultsIn this study, plasmid deletion between DRs occurred with high frequencies during plasmid construction and subsequent duplication processes, when three DRs-involved paired-gRNA plasmids cloning strategies were tested. This recombination phenomenon was RecA-independent, in agreement with the replication slippage model. To completely eliminate the DRs-induced plasmid instability, a reversed paired-gRNA plasmids (RPGPs) cloning strategy was developed by converting DRs to the more stable invert repeats (IRs). ConclusionsUsing RPGPs, we achieved a rapid deletion of chromosome fragments up to 100 kb with high efficiency of 83.33% in Escherichia coli. This study provides general solutions to construct stable plasmids containing short DRs, which can improve the performances of CRISPR systems that rely on paired gRNAs, and also facilitate other applications involving repeated genetic parts.
The potential interaction of hereditary and reproductive factors in the etiology of mammary gland hyperplasia: a case-control study
Authors: gao hanlu , Yang Chao , Fan Jinqing , Lan Li , Pang Da
Published: December 2019

Background: Family history of breast cancer and female reproductive factors may work together to influence hyperplasia of mammary gland (HMG) risk. However, the association with HMG risk is poorly characterized and might be important to understand the causation of HMG.Methods: A total of 1881 newly diagnosed HMG cases and 1900 controls were recruited between 2012 and 2017. We collected each participant's demographic characteristics, female reproductive factors and family history of breast cancer. A multi-analytic strategy combining unconditional logistic regression, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) and crossover approaches were applied to systematically identify the interactions of family history of breast cancer and reproductive factors on HMG susceptibility.Results: In MDR analysis, high-order interactions among education level, breastfeeding duration and family history of breast cancer were identified among women (OR=7.069, 95%CI: 6.080-8.219). Similarly, in crossover analysis, compared with individuals having low education level and no family history of breast cancer, HMG risk increased significantly for those having high education level and family history of breast cancer (OR=36.389, 95%CI: 11.469-115.451), similar additive interaction effect was observed among short breastfeeding duration women (OR=27.699, 95%CI: 3.730-205.699).Conclusion: This study suggests high-order interactions of high education level, short breastfeeding duration and family history of breast cancer may synergistically increased HMG risk.
Perforator Flap Based Technique for the Treatment of Dupuytren's Contracture
Authors: Cooper Tokai B , Zhao Bin , Chen Xinglong , Li Zhijie , Gao Weiyang , Yan Hede
Published: December 2019

Background: Perforator flap based technique was used in treating Dupuytren’s Contracture in a cohort of 48 patients. This perforator based on the ulnar palmar digital artery originates from the superficial palmar arch and supplies the hypothenar area. Methods: A curved incision that exposes the diseased palmar fascia was made in middle to distal palm lateral to the hypothenar eminence beginning 20mm distal to the distal wrist crease up to the heel of the palm. An additional incision from the arch of the curved incision extends into the middle phalanx for exposure of the digital cord. The perforator flap was raised along the hypothenar region in 53 hands of 48 patients, nine females and 39 males and their ages at the time of surgery averaged 56 years. The Tubiana classification illustrates the extent of the disease in our patients’ population with no distal interphalangeal joint involvement. Results: Of the 48 patients, five patients had bilateral hands involvement. Two patients complained of paresthesia in the ring and little fingers after surgery, the symptom had disappeared without further intervention before the latest follow-up. There was no incidence of skin necrosis and delayed healing. Up to date, there has been no reported recurrence. Conclusion: This perforator flap based technique is technically simple and reliable with better exposure and easier removal of all the diseased fascia, making it possible for primary healing without skin necrosis and acceptable for treatment of patients at all stages of the disease.
Hypoxic hepatocellular carcinoma cells acquire arsenic trioxide resistance through upregulating HIF-1α expression
Authors: Chen Yaoting , Li Huiqing , Chen Dong , Jiang Xiongying , Wang Weidong , Li Dan , Shan Hong
Published: December 2019

Background: Although arsenic trioxide (ATO) is used in treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in clinical trials, it is not yet satisfied in improving HCC patients’ overall survival. Intratumoral hypoxia and overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) may result in ATO-resistance and tumor progression. We investigated the mechanisms between HIF-1α expression and acquired ATO-chemoresistance in HCC cells and in mice.
Methods: Therapeutic effects of ATO in normoxic and hypoxic HCC cells were assessed using cell viability and apoptosis assays in vitro and xenografts model. mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α, P-glycoprotein, and VEGF were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting. HIF-1α inhibition was performed to investigate the mechanism of ATO-resistance. VEGF secretion was tested using ELISA and tube-formation assay.
Results: Hypoxic HCC cells showed more resistance to ATO, with higher IC50 values and less apoptosis, than normoxic cells and upregulated HIF-1α protein expression, accompanied with the enhancement of P-glycoprotein and VEGF synthesis after ATO treatment. VEGF secretion was elevated in ATO-treated supernatant to potentiate angiogenesis in vitro. HIF-1α inhibition attenuated ATO-resistance and angiogenesis, and promoted the anticancer effects of ATO both in vitro and in vivo by downregulating therapy-induced P-glycoprotein and VEGF overexpression.
Conclusions: Hypoxic HCC cells acquire ATO-resistance by upregulating HIF-1α levels; thus ATO combined with targeting HIF-1α levels may lead to the enhanced antitumor effects in HCC.
Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, arsenic trioxide, drug resistance, HIF-1α, targeted therapy
Geographical Accessibility and Spatial Coverage Modelling of Public Health Care Network in Rural and Remote India.
Authors: Verma Veenapani Rajeev , Dash Umakant
Published: December 2019

Background: Long distances to facilities, topographical constraints, inadequate service capacity of institutions and insufficient/ rudimentary road & transportation network culminate into unprecedented barriers to access. These barriers gets exacerbated in presence of external factors like conflict and political disruptions. Thus, this study was conducted in rural, remote and fragile region in India measuring geographical accessibility and modelling spatial coverage of public healthcare network. Methods: Vector and raster based approaches were used to discern accessibility for various packages of service delivery. Alternative scenarios derived from local experiences were modelled using health facility, population and ancillary data. Based on that, a raster surface of travel time between facilities and population was developed by incorporating terrain, physical barriers, topography and travelling modes and speeds through various land-cover classes. Concomitantly, spatial coverage was modelled to delineate catchment areas. Further, underserved population and zonal statistics were assessed in an interactive modelling approach to ascertain spatial relationship between population, travel time and zonal boundaries. Finally, raster surface of travel time was re-modelled for the conflict situation in villages vulnerable to obstruction of access due to disturbed security scenario. . Results: Euclidean buffers revealed 11% villages without ambulatory & immunization care within 2 km radius. Similarly, for 5 km radius, 11% and 12% villages were bereft of delivery and inpatient care. Travel time accessibility analysis divulged walking scenario exhibiting lowest level of accessibility. Enabling motorized travel improved accessibility measures, with highest degree of accessibility for privately owned vehicle (motorcycle and cars). Differential results were found between packages of services where ambulatory & immunization care was relatively accessible by walking; whereas, delivery and inpatient care had a staggering average of three hours walking time. Even with best scenario, around 2/3rd population remained unserved for all package of services. Moreover, 90% villages in conflict zone grapples with inaccessibility when the scenario of heightened border tensions was considered. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the application of GIS technique to facilitate evidence backed planning at granular level. The analysis divulged inaccessibility to delivery and inpatient care to be most pronounced and majority of population to be unserved, regardless of the scenario. It was suggested to have concerted efforts to bolster already existing facilities and adapt systems approach to exploit synergies of inter-sectoral development.
Nutrient uptake in ‘Venus’ grape vine grafted onto different rootstocks during two growing seasons
Authors: Tecchio Marco Antonio , Silva Marlon Jocimar Rodrigues da , Callili Daniel , Cóser Giovanni Marcello De Angeli Gilli , Alves Dávilla Alessandra da Silva , Neto Francisco José Domingues , Moura Mara Fernandes
Published: December 2019

The current study aimed to assess the influence of the ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 571-6’ rootstocks on nutrient uptake of ‘Venus’ grape vine by pruning branches and harvesting clusters during two consecutive grape growing seasons. The experiment was conducted in Votuporanga, state of Sao Paulo. Treatments consisted of the variety ‘Venus’ grafted onto four rootstocks during two growing seasons (2013 and 2014). The rootstocks evaluated were ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 571-6’. We sampled the grape branches at pruning and their clusters at harvest time. The macro and micronutrient contents in both branches and clusters were analyzed. Nutrient uptake and removal were separately estimated in pruned branches and harvested clusters by uptake nutrient sum. Results indicated great nutrient uptake means in ‘IAC 572’ and ‘IAC 766’ during both seasons. Moreover, total removal uptake showed the following order K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S > Mn > Fe > Zn > B > Cu in pruned branches and harvested clusters.
Development of papaya tree in organic substrates
Authors: Sousa Tiago de Oliveira , Fonseca Wéverson Lima , Oliveira Augusto Matias de , Zuffo Alan Mario , Nery Marcela Carlota , Magalhães Marcela Azevedo , Sales Thais Silva , Fialho Cíntia Maria Teixeira , Alves Kamila Antunes
Published: December 2019

Papaya is a tropical fruit of great importance in the international and national market. For crop success, the use of quality seedlings is of paramount importance and substrates formulated from organic sources may be a viable alternative. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of papaya seedlings in different formulations and levels of organic substrates. A completely randomized design was used in a 4x4+1 factorial scheme, corresponding to four substrate formulations, containing decomposed buriti stem (CDB). The treatments included of the following: (CDB, ½ CDB + ½ poultry manure, ½ CDB + ½ cattle manure and ½ CDB + ½ gray with plant origin sourced from materials resulting from the burning of plant material (stem, branches); four proportion levels of the formulations of the substrates mixed to the soil (25; 50; 75 and 100%) and the additional control (100% soil). The following variables were measured: plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, shoot dry matter, root length and root dry matter at 42 days of seedling cultivation. The results showed that use of an ideal source of organic matter is feasible in the production of papaya seedlings. The substrate consisting of CBD + poultry manure had great potential to be used in the production of papaya seedlings.
Curly lettuce development, nutrient absorption and salinization tolerance in response to an aerobic biofertilizer produced from agro-industrial residues
Authors: Cajamarca Sabrina Magaly Navas , Lima Carlos Eduardo Pacheco , Silva Juscimar da , Guedes Italo Moraes Rocha , Braga Marcos Brandão , Fontenelle Mariana Rodrigues , Figueiredo Cícero Célio de
Published: December 2019

Biofertilizers stimulate natural processes to increase and benefit nutrient absorption, abiotic stress tolerance and increased yield when applied to plants. The production of biofertilizers from organic residues is a sustainable way to reduce these materials through recycling. The aim of this work was to define the biofertilization management based on concentrations and doses using a non-commercial aerobic biofertilizer on three newly emerged Brazilian lettuce cultivars. Consequently, this study will help to improve organic lettuces yields in the country. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. The soil used for cultivation was a clayey Rhodic Ferralsol. Due to the high electrical conductivity (EC) observed in the biofertilizer a first experiment was conducted to determine the optimum concentration (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 100%) for the three lettuce cultivars (BRS Leila, BRS Lélia and BRS Mediterrânea). After finding the best concentration, a second experiment was developed to estimate the optimum dose of the biofertilizer based on the nitrogen requirement (N) for this crop (0 kg ha-1 of N, 50 kg ha-1 of N, 100 kg ha-1 N, 150 kg ha-1 N and 200 kg ha-1 N). The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC) with a factorial scheme. The results showed that 5% concentration of biofertilizer presented better results for the development of BRS Mediterrânea and BRS Lélia. BRS Leila presented better development when fertilized with the 10% biofertilizer concentration. The dose of 150 kg ha-1 of N allowed a better development of lettuce and greater supply of nutrients to the plants.
PROKNOW-C: DA SELEÇÃO DE UM PORTFÓLIO DE ARTIGOS A ANÁLISE SISTÊMICA SOBRE BLOCOS DE TERRA COMPRIMIDA
Authors: França Sâmara , Schuab Mariana Rezende , Sperandio Kastelli Pacheco , Azevedo Rogério Cabral de , Carvalho Maria Cristina Ramos de , Bezerra Augusto Cesar da Silva
Published: December 2019

Blocos de terra compactada são elementos de alvenaria feitos a partir de terra estabilizada e adensada. Estes materiais se destacam no quesito sustentabilidade por dispensarem a fase de queima em sua produção. A estabilização química dos blocos pode ser realizada através da ativação alcalina que consiste na obtenção de ligantes a partir de materiais aluminossilicatos em uma solução fortemente alcalina. A ativação alcalina também é vista como ambientalmente correta devido a sua baixa emissão de gases do efeito estufa.  Entre os materiais precursores da ativação alcalina estão as cinzas volantes devido a sua composição química. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é montar um portfólio de artigos científicos sobre blocos de terra compactado com adição de cinzas orgânicas e ativação alcalina, fazer análise bibliométrica e sistêmica dos artigos. O portfólio bibliográfico resultante é composto por 4 artigos relevantes e alinhados com o tema. Dentro da análise bibliométrica pode-se destacar o artigo “Feasibility o fmanufacturing geopolymer bricks using circulating fluidized bed combustion bottom ash” como mais relevante. Em relação a análise sistêmica elencou-se 5 lentes para a discussão dos artigos e a partir disso pode-se observar oportunidades para futuras pesquisas.
Prospects of Technology and Formulation Development for Sauces Based on Oyster Mushrooms
Authors: Dril' Anastasiya
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) are one of the most cultivated mushrooms in Russia. Oyster mushroom sauce has a greater potential for public catering when used in processed state as a semi-finished paste. The research objective was to develop a technology of hot and cold mushroom sauces based on paste-like semi-finished product from cultivated oyster mushrooms.
Results and discussion. A rational technology for processing oyster mushrooms into a semi-finished paste included simultaneous grinding and heat-treatment of mushroom stipes. Fine powders of dried white mushrooms and chanterelles, which are also called mushroom salts, were used as a flavoring additive, including some other ingredients according to the formulations. The sauce formulations were composed using linear programming mathematical modelling method to obtain products with certain sensory characteristics and minimal energy value. The calculated formulations were used to prepare hot and cold sauce samples, which received high scores during sensory evaluation. The results of rheological evaluation showed that the concentration of the paste was rational in the range from 30% to 50% depending on the desired consistency of the sauce. For sauce samples, nutritional and energetic value was calculated based on the average daily requirements.
Conclusion. The developed technologies and formulations of mushroom sauces based on paste-like semi-finished product from oyster mushroom can widely improve the range of mushroom sauces on consumer market and diversify the taste of different kinds of public catering products.
Mineral and Amino Acid Composition of Germinated and Canned Wheat Grains
Authors: Zenkova Maria
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Grain germination can improve the nutritional value and functional properties of grain. The research featured the effect of technological processing on the quality of the finished product as in the case of natural, germinated, and canned wheat grains. A set of experiments was conducted to define the mineral substances and amino acid composition as factors that affect the chemical composition of a product during its production.

Study objects and methods. The research featured soft wheat grain, germinated wheat grain, and canned germinated wheat grain. The latter consisted of 55% of pre-treated germinated wheat grain and 45% of filling, which contained 4.5% of sugar and 3.5% of salt. The content of mineral substances was determined by atomic-emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma using an atomicemission spectrometer Optima 2100 DV (USA). The amino acid composition was determined using a liquid chromatograph Agilent 1200 (USA).

Results and discussion. 100 grams of canned germinated grain contained about 15% of daily manganese, 12% of chromium (III), 8.4% of copper, and 8.3% of zinc. Canned germinated wheat demonstrated a high biological protein value and contained 20.6% of essential amino acids. As for amino acids, canned germinated wheat grains had a high content of proline (958.4 mg/100 g) and glutamic acid (2456.4 mg/100 g). The characteristics of the nutritional value of canned protein from germinated wheat grains included amino acid rate, amino acid feedstock difference coefficient (AAFDC), and potential biological value (PBV). The proteins of canned germinated wheat appeared inferior in their amino acid composition and contained insufficient amounts of lysine and threonine. The coefficient of differences in amino acid scores was 71.9%, while the potential biological value of the protein was 28.1%.

Conclusion. Germinated grains have a certain set of minerals and amino acids in their composition. Therefore, they can be used to develop canned foods or dishes for public catering industry. The effect of technological processing on the mineral composition of the finished product resulted in the loss of mineral substances from 45 to 85%. Moreover, germinated wheat should be combined with products that are rich in lysine and threonine.
Extraction of Plant Pigments from Local Raw Materials
Authors: Kostina Natalya , Podlegaeva Tatiana , Sergeeva Irina
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Violation of the ecological balance and modern processing methods may result in a lower content of important nutrients in food. Therefore, there is a need to restore the balance of biologically active substances in food products. In this regard, it seems appropriate to use plant materials that contain biologically active substances, as well as pigments. The use of aromatic plants for these purposes remains understudied. The research objective was to extract chlorophyll-based green pigments based from green plants.

Study objects and methods. The object of the study was dried parsley (Petroselinum vulgare). The extractants included acetone, ethyl alcohol (95%), hexane, petroleum ether, and chloroform.

Results and discussion. The extractants were chosen according to the total content of chlorophylls, which determine the color of the extract. Since carotenoids are extracted along with chlorophylls, the content of this component was also determined. Acetone demonstrated the maximum degree of chlorophyll recovery. However, this solvent cannot be used in food industry. Therefore, 95% ethanol, which also showed a high degree of chlorophyll extraction, was chosen as the extractant. A set of experiments made it possible to establish the ratio of feedstock and extractant as 1:60 (three times extraction with a mass ratio of parsley and extract); the optimal time of each extraction was 0.5 ± 0.1 h. Magnesium carbonate (MgCO2) helped to preserve the dyes. In order to increase the concentration of coloring substances, the obtained extract was subjected to thickening at a residual pressure of 400 Pa at 40°C.

Conclusion. The obtained concentrate from dried parsley can be used in production of combined foods.
Fatty Acid Composition of Goat and Sheep Milk: Transformation during Yogurt Production
Authors: Sadovoy Vladimir , Voblikova Tatyana , Permyakov Anatoly
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Information on the structure of fatty acids is crucial for production and promotion of goat and sheep milk in dairy industry. The profile of fatty acids of milk fat can affect the nutrition value and market value of dairy products.

Study objects and methods. The present research featured fatty acid structure of goat and sheep milk and its transformation during yogurt production. The fatty acid structure was studied using gas chromatography. The milk was obtained from goats of the Zaanensky breed and sheep of the North Caucasian breed. Their ratio in the yogurt was 1:1.

Results and discussion. The content of saturated fatty acids was 12% less in goat milk than in sheep milk. Olein, stearin, and palmitic acids are the main fatty acids in the fatty phase of milk and yogurt. The research revealed some changes in concentration of individual fatty acids during milk processing and during the storage of yogurt. As a result of ripening and storage, the amount of saturated fatty acids in yogurt increased by 5% on day 7, in comparison with the initial dairy mix. The content of the polynonsaturated fatty acids decreased by 19.27%. Goat milk had the highest value of the ratio of the hypocholesteremic and hypercholesteremic fatty acids. Goat milk demonstrated the most acceptable fatty acid structure in terms of healthy nutrition and prevention of atherosclerosis and thrombogenesis. During yogurt production and storage, the monononsaturated and polynonsaturated fatty acids decreased, while the content of saturated fatty acids increased. Thus, goat milk can increase the amount of monononsaturated and polynonsaturated fatty

acids in dairy products. However, the research also revealed a general tendency to decrease in monononsaturated and polynonsaturated fatty acids during yogurt production and storage, with a parallel increase in the content of saturated fatty acids. Unlike ship milk, goat milk had a lower value of the indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenesis.

Conclusion. The indices of atherogenicity and thrombogenesis provided additional information on the functional properties of the product. The established features of the fatty acid profile and its transformation during yogurt production provide data that can help produce qualitatively new dairy drinks with a healthy fatty acid profile.
The Current State and Prospects of the Grain Market in the Kemerovo Region
Authors: Shadrin Vladislav , Kotova Olga , Polikarpova Lada
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Kuzbass is a large territorial complex with highly-developed industries. However, the local agriculture is also quite intensive. The research objective was to summarize the results various studies of the current state of the grain market in the Kemerovo region and identify areas of its development. Implementation of the grain complex development strategy with marketing elements will strengthen the position of the Kemerovo region on the international market of grain and products of its processing.

Study objects and methods. The research was based on a systematic approach to the study of the regional grain market and employed abstract-logical, statistical-economic, and graphical research methods.

Results and discussion. The article focuses on the current state of Kemerovo grain market and identifies development prospects and sale opportunities. In recent years, the volume of wheat and rye yield has significantly increased, as well as the canola acreage. The main consumer of grain crops grown in the Kemerovo region is the region itself. Nevertheless, the region is gradually becoming a grain exporter. The authors identified factors that affect the enterprises specializing in the production and sale of grain. The region has a good base for the development of agriculture in general and grain crops in particular. Unfortunately, the current problems in cultivation technologies, price fluctuations, insufficient state support, and poor marketing hinder the development of the industry. The authors proposed several directions of grain market development proceeding from possibilities of producers and change in the structure of production sales taking into account foreign trade risks.

Conclusion. Marketing and realization of grain production in the Kemerovo region should be based on a well-planned development strategy of improving the competitive positions of the region and the development of a large production and technological complex.
Neurofilament Proteins as Prognostic Biomarkers in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Lee Yichen , Lee Bo H. , Yip William , Chou Pingchen , Yip Bak-Sau
Published: December 2019

Neurofilaments: light, medium, and heavy (abbreviated as NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H, respectively), which belong to Type IV intermediate filament family (IF), are neuron-specific cytoskeletal components. Neurofilaments are axonal structural components and integral components of synapses, which are important for neuronal electric signal transmissions along the axons and post-translational modification. Abnormal assembly of neurofilaments is found in several human neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), infantile spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and hereditary sensory-motor neuropathy (HSMN). In addition, those pathological neurofilament accumulations are known in α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease (PD), Aβ and tau in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), polyglutamine in CAG trinucleotide repeat disorders, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP43), neuronal FUS proteins, optineurin (OPTN), ubiquilin 2 (UBQLN2), and dipeptide repeat protein (DRP) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). When axon damage occurs in central nervous disorders, neurofilament proteins are released and delivered into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which are then circulated into blood. New quantitative analyses and assay techniques are well-developed for the detection of neurofilament proteins, particularly NF-L and the phosphorylated NF-H (pNF-H) in CSF and serum. This review discusses the potential of using peripheral blood NF quantities and evaluating the severity of damage in the nervous system. Intermediate filaments could be promising biomarkers for evaluating disease progression in different nervous system disorders.
Exosomal miR-1298 and lncRNA-RP11-583F2.2 Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Matboli Marwa , Labib Mariam E. , Nasser Hanaa El-Tayeb , El-Tawdi Ahmed H.F. , Habib Eman K. , Ali-Labib Randa
Published: December 2019

Aim:

The aim of this study was to explore the expression of exosomal non-coding RNAs
(ncRNAs) in the sera of patients with HCC versus control.

Methods:

Firstly, Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to retrieve ncRNAs specific to HCC (hsamiRNA-
1298 and lncRNA-RP11-583F2.2). Afterwards, extraction and characterization of exosomes
were performed. We measured the expression of the chosen exosomal RNAs by reverse transcriptase
quantitative real-time PCR in sera of 60 patients with HCC, 42 patients with chronic hepatitis C
(CHC) infection and 18 healthy normal volunteers.

Results:

The exosomal ncRNAs [hsa-miRNA-1298, lncRNA-RP11-583F2.2] had better sensitivity
and specificity than alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in HCC diagnosis.

Conclusion:

The exosomal hsa-miRNA-1298, lncRNA-RP11-583F2.2 can be potential biomarkers for
HCC diagnosis.
Recent Advances in the Drug Discovery and Development of Dualsteric/ Bitopic Activators of G Protein-Coupled Receptors
Authors: Reinecke Bethany A. , Wang Huiqun , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2019

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of proteins targeted by drug
design and discovery efforts. Of these efforts, the development of GPCR agonists is highly desirable,
due to their therapeutic robust utility in treating diseases caused by deficient receptor signaling. One of
the challenges in designing potent and selective GPCR agonists lies in the inability to achieve combined
high binding affinity and subtype selectivity, due to the high homology between orthosteric sites among
GPCR subtypes. To combat this difficulty, researchers have begun to explore the utility of targeting topographically
distinct and less conserved binding sites, namely “allosteric” sites. Pursuing these sites
offers the benefit of achieving high subtype selectivity, however, it also can result in a decreased binding
affinity and potency as compared to orthosteric agonists. Therefore, bitopic ligands comprised of an orthosteric
agonist and an allosteric modulator connected by a spacer and allowing binding with both the
orthosteric and allosteric sites within one receptor, have been developed. It may combine the high subtype
selectivity of an allosteric modulator with the high binding affinity of an orthosteric agonist and
provides desired advantages over orthosteric agonists or allosteric modulators alone. Herein, we review
the recent advances in the development of bitopic agonists/activators for various GPCR targets and their
novel therapeutic potentials.
Chemical Composition and In vitro Antidiabetic Effects of Olea europaea Linn. (Olive)
Authors: Ahamad Javed , Uthirapathy Subasini , Ameen Muath S.M. , Anwer Esra T. , Hussain Faiq H.S. , Mir Showkat R.
Published: December 2019

Background:

Olive oil and fruits are essential components of Mediterranean diets. The olive
tree is a prevalent plant species and one of the important cultivated crops of the Mediterranean region.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of olive in achieving glucose homeostasis through
the inhibition of carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes using in vitro models and also determine the chemical
composition of olive oil by GC/MS.

Methods:

The chemical composition of olive oil was determined by GC/MS and its antidiabetic activity
was assessed through inhibition α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in in vitro models.

Results:

The olive oil analysis by GC/MS yielded 41 constituents amounting to 98.21% of total oil
composition. Oleic acid, 3-(octadecyloxy) propyl ester (19.34%), arachidonic acid (11.25%), oleic acid
(6.07%), Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) (9.50%), pentadecanoic acid (5.53%), palmitic acid (3.86%),
and linoleic acid (3.13%) were the major components of olive oil. Olive oil and extract produce dosedependent
inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The IC50 values for olive oil, olive extract,
and acarbose were found as 210.50±4.76, 121.8±3.18, and 91.04±2.16 μg/mL, respectively,
against the α-amylase enzyme. The IC50 values for olive oil, extract, and acarbose were found as
204.3±3.41, 165.04±5.27 and 116.5±2.17 μg/mL, respectively, against the α-glucosidase enzyme.

Conclusion:

The result of this study concluded that olive oil has oleic acid and its ester derivatives as
major constituents. The study findings also confirm the traditional claim of olive use in the treatment of
diabetes mellitus.