bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Consumer Purchasing Decisions: Traditional and Emerging Factors in the Dynamic Marketing Landscape Over 15 Years
Authors: Antosova Irena , Psurny Michal , Stavkova Jana
Published: September 2023

The paper summarises the factors influencing consumer purchasing decisions and the changes the factors have undergone over the last 15 years. The research aimed to determine what changes have occurred in the intensity of the traditional factors influencing consumers’ purchasing decisions over the past 15 years and to identify the new factors currently shaping consumers’ purchasing decisions. The research was carried out by means of a questionnaire survey conducted in the Czech Republic (N = 686). The survey results were subjected to descriptive statistics combined with multivariate exploratory factor analysis. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis which showed that between 2007 and 2022, there were no significant changes in consumers’ perceived importance of traditional factors influencing their purchasing decisions in different categories of consumption. The research has confirmed that consumers perceived quality, price and necessity as the most important factors across the different categories, while advertising was still the least important. However, the perceived importance of advertising has increased slightly in some shopping categories, such as Clothing and Footwear and Transport, along with the perceived importance of discounts. However, new factors have emerged to influence consumers before making a purchase decision. The Clothing and Footwear category was selected for detailed factor analysis because consumers assigned more importance to the emerging factors here than other purchase categories. By applying factor analysis, the authors identified five determinants of consumer decision-making in purchasing Clothing and footwear category, including new and traditional factors. The first determinant was the current trends in the market. The second determinant was recommendations, including recommendations from family, friends and professionals, together with the chance to try something new. The third purchase determinant was experience based on the consumer’s previous experience, which also shaped the subsequently preferred parameters and product quality. The fourth determinant was pricing. The final determinant of the purchase decision was sustainability in both consumption and purchase. The research results are useful for market players, especially in the innovation of customer communication and company marketing management.
New determination of the production cross section for secondary positrons and electrons in the Galaxy
Authors: Orusa Luca , Di Mauro Mattia , Donato Fiorenza , Korsmeier Michael
Published: September 2023

The cosmic-ray fluxes of electrons and positrons (e^{±}e±) are measured with high precision by the space-borne particle spectrometer AMS-02. To infer a precise interpretation of the production processes for e^{±}e± in our Galaxy, it is necessary to have an accurate description of the secondary component, produced by the interaction of cosmic-ray proton and helium with the interstellar medium atoms. We determine new analytical functions of the Lorentz invariant cross section for the production of e^±e± by fitting data from collider experiments. The total differential cross section d\sigma/dT_{e^±}(p+p→ e^±+X)dσ/dTe±(p+p→e±+X) is predicted with an uncertainty of about 5-7% in the energies relevant for AMS-02 positron flux. For further information about this work refer to [Phys. Rev. D 105, 123021 (2022)].
LOCALISED JUVENILE SPONGIOTIC GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA: A RARE CASE REPORT
Authors:   Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College & Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir, J&K, India., Yakeen Nabi Shajaratul , Farooq Nidha ,   Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College & Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir, J&K, India., Lone Nazia ,   Professor & Head, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College & Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir, J&K, India., Sidiq Mohsin ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College & Hospital, Srinagar, Kashmir, J&K, India.
Published: September 2023

Juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia is a benign lesion was first described by Darling and Cols in 2007.Various etiopathogenic factors have been proposed for its presentation. It is characterized by being in the anterior attached gingiva of the maxilla, clinically can be appreciated as macular or elevated, with a papillary, granular, or smooth surface, bright red in color, and its presentation can be localized or generalized. It is an asymptomatic entity and is not associated with biofilm-induced inflammation. It is important for the dentist to recognize this entity and to make the different differential diagnosis and propose proper diagnosis and treatment planning.
EVALUATION OF REPIGMENTATION FOLLOWING GINGIVAL DEPIGMENTATION USING LASER TECHNIQUE: A CASE SERIES
Authors:   PG Student, Department of Periodontics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulashekaram, Tamil Nadu, India., Afzana Fathima , Sadasivan Arun ,   Professor, Department of Periodontics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulashekaram, Tamil Nadu, India., Koshi Elizabeth ,   HOD, Department of Periodontics, Sree Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences, Kulashekaram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: September 2023

The harmony of the smile is not only determined by the shape, position and the color of the teeth but also by the level and color of the gingival tissues. Gingival hyperpigmentation is a major concern for a significant number of patients, as a relevant aesthetic or cosmetic need. Oral melanin pigmentation is considered to be multifactorial and could be related to physiological or even pathological reasons and can be the consequence of a variety of local or systemic factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the repigmentation followed by gingival depigmentation carried out with a diode laser for 2 to 4 years of follow up. Five patients who were esthetically conscious of their dark gums were selected for this study. After reevaluation mild to moderate pigmentation was noted in all the cases.
ISCHEMIC STROKE(CVA) AND VITAMIN-D LEVEL
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Agartala Government Medical College(AGMC), GB Pant Hospital(GBPH), Kunjaban, Agartala, Tripura - 799006., Ghosh Atanu , Charaborti Pranabes ,   Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, Agartala Government Medical College(AGMC), GB Pant Hospital(GBPH), Kunjaban, Agartala, Tripura - 799006., Shil Bibhas ,   Senior Resident, Department of Medicine, Agartala Government Medical College(AGMC), GB Pant Hospital(GBPH), Kunjaban, Agartala, Tripura - 799006.
Published: September 2023

Vitamin D(25-hydroxyvitaminD), a neuroprotective prohormone, is associated with neurological disorders in particular ischemic stroke. In ischemic stroke patients lower than normal vitamin D level is more prevalent and number of male patients had low vitamin D as compared to number of female patients. Statistically significant, vitamin D in low level range was found in ischemic stroke with diabetes mellitus than patients with normal blood glucose level. Elevated CRP level was also found in those patients who had low vitamin D level. Compared to normotensive stroke patients, decreased value than normal vitamin D range were found in patients having hypertension. Ischemic stroke with associated dyslipidemia patients had low levels of vitamin D as compared to patients with normal lipid. Deficient levels of vitamin D were found mostly in age group more than 60 years.
ASSESSMENT OF BYSTANDERS PREPAREDNESS AND KNOWLEDGE IN TRAUMA PATIENT MANAGEMENT: A STUDY IN KAKAMEGA COUNTY, WESTERN KENYA
Authors:   Department of Paramedical Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology., Okwiri Dinnah , Kageha Kavinguha Lucy ,   Department of Paramedical Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology., Ochieng Ogana Simon ,   Department of Paramedical Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology., Sum Tecla ,   Department of Paramedical Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology., Nyachiro Lydia ,   Department of Paramedical Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology., Jeptalam Doris ,   Department of Paramedical Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology., Okoth John ,   Department of Nursing Research & Education, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology., Arudo John ,   Department of Nursing Research & Education, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology.
Published: September 2023

Objective:The objective of the study was to assess Bystanderscapability to handle trauma patients at the prehospital environment in Kakamega County, Western Kenya. Design:The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. Setting:The study was carried out in four Sub-counties in Kakamega County. Sample:Multistage sampling was used to select a sample of two hundred and fifty-six participants(n = 256) Analysis:Data was analyzed using measures of central tendency and dispersion. Main outcome measures:Demographic characteristics, Level of knowledge, attitude and practice among bystanders towards trauma patients. Results:Most of the participants (44.5%) were between the ages 18-27 years old, majority 74.6% being of male gender. 90% respondents had witnessed injuries with a number of accidents witnessed averaging 1-5 (65%) in a period of 3 months. While 22% responded by taking the victims to the hospital, nearly half of the participants either called the police (29%) or stared at the incident (20%). Majority,(51.2%) lacked confidence in handling persons with obstructed airway, while (46.7%) were abit confident in handling patients with bleeding. 64.8% of the respondents lacked knowledge of contacts for emergency response. Availability of Emergency care equipment and supplies was 20% at Lurambi, with the remaining three sub-counties having lowest at (6.7%). Conclusion:There is inadequate knowledge of trauma care among Bystanders and lack of essential emergency care equipment and supplies in management of trauma patients in the prehospital environment of Kakamega County. Recommendations:The County government through the Ministry of Health to train first responders on Basic First Aid and Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and establish booths where bystanders can access equipment and supplies for trauma care.
PERFORMANCE POTENTIALS ON SOMATOTYPE COMPONENTSOF THE BANGLADESHI ADOLESCENT MALEATHLETES
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Statistics, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh and Ph.D. Fellow, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh., Rakibul Mawla A.H.M. , Abdul Khalek Md. ,   Professor, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh., Ayub Ali Md. ,   Professor, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the somatotype determinants of the performance potentials (PP) of the Bangladeshi adolescent male athletes. Primary data of size 414 were collected using multi-stage random sampling on PP and different anthropometric variables, and then somatotype components were calculated. Forward stepwise Ridge regression was applied to find out the most important determinants of PP. Satisfying all the test and validity conditions, it was found that endomorphy and mesomorphy variables were the most important determinants of PP of the Bangladeshi adolescent male athletes. The proposed equation can be applied for enhancing the PP of the athletes by the sport authorities in Bangladesh.
EVALUATION OF MATERIAL SELECTION FOR POLYMERIC COMPOSITE AUTOMOTIVE BUMPER BEAM USING THE WEIGHTED SUM METHOD (WSM)
Authors:   DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,FENT, Khaja Bandanawaz University Kalaburagi,KarnatakaIndia., a Nayeemuddin , Faiyaz Ahmed Ansari ,   EngineeringDepartment,UniversityofTechnology&AppliedSciencesSalalah-211Oman.
Published: September 2023

A bumper beam is the curved bar across the front of an automobile that protects it from getting dented or scratched during minor accidents Polymeric composite automobile bumper beam material choices. The composites used in vehicle bumper beams need to be selected with care since they have a major job in the distribution and absorption of impact forces during collisions. In recent years, bumper beam applications have seen a rise in the usage of polymeric composites because of their rare connection of mechanical properties, low weight& design flexibility. This introductions goal is to provide a broad overview of the selection process for elements for polymeric composite automobile bumper beams. Research on bumper of an automobile is very important because a vehicles bumper is designed to absorb as much impact as possible, protecting the more important parts of the vehicle. Inthisstudy,theweightedsummethod(WSM)isusedtofindsuitablecompositepolymermaterialsforautomotivebumperbeams. Six different materials are tested in order to choose It is the absolute material for polymer composite bumper beams in transport. The final rank of this paper the Glass fibre reinforced epoxy (Mâˆ’1) in 1strank, the Carbon fibre reinforced epoxy (Mâˆ’2) is in 2nd rank, the Carbon fibre reinforced polypropylene (10%) (Mâˆ’3) is in 6th rank, the Glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (40%) (Mâˆ’4) is in 3rd rank, the Glass fibre reinforced polyester (30%) (Mâˆ’5) in 5th rank, the Glass fibre vinyl ester SMC (60%) (Mâˆ’6) in 4th rank. The final result is done by using the WSM method. For the material selection of automotive bumper beam,the final rank of this paper the Glass fibre reinforced epoxy (Mâˆ’1) in 1strank,the Carbon fibre reinforced epoxy (Mâˆ’2) is in 2nd rank, the Carbon fibre reinforced polypropylene (10%) (Mâˆ’3) is in 6th rank, the Glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (40%) (Mâˆ’4) is in 3rd rank, the Glass fibre reinforced polyester (30%) (Mâˆ’5) in 5th rank, the Glass fibre vinyl ester SMC (60%) (Mâˆ’6) in 4th rank. The final result is done by using the WSM method.
EFFECTS OF DIGITAL GAMING ON THE MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH OF TEENAGERS
Authors:   Student, Apeejay School Noida., Verma Nalin , Goyal Vinay ,   MD, DM(AIIMS), FIANDirector - Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences,Medanta-The Medi City.
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to bring forth the effects on cognitive and physical development of theteenagers engrossed in the vicious addiction of digital gaming. In the past it has always been viewed from the perspective of physical health but a survey was conducted and analyzed as a part of this researchwhich examines the cruciality of the such habits on the core area of human life. This analysis has been presented under the expert guidance of Neurologist, Dr Vinay Goel to study the impact and promote responsible gaming habits among teenagers which encourages a balanced lifestyle, reduces the potential risks of the digital world, and maximizes the benefits of technology.
ACCESSIBILITY FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN LIBRARIES: A SURVEY OF UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN MUMBAI
Authors:   Librarian Asmita College of Arts and Commerce for Women, Vikhroli, Mumbai, Maharashtra., N. Rakshikar Nidhi
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Disabled population is also a part of our society. Libraries, being public spaces, have a responsibility to ensure that all patrons may utilize their services without encountering any barriers, as required by integrated and inclusive special education policies. The university library serves a diverse population of readers and researchers, making it an essential resource for the dissemination of information and the dissemination of knowledge. Patrons of academic libraries span a wide range of ages, socioeconomic statuses, and degrees of education. The present article assesses and evaluates the provision of universal access in university libraries in Mumbai through a survey of university librarians in Mumbai. Design/methodology/approach: A survey was conducted using Google Forms as well as printed questionnaire for the university librarians in Mumbai. Findings: According to librarian responses, university libraries in Mumbai do not have enough of the necessary access tools, alternative information sources, and learning aids to meet the demands of their students. It has a detrimental effect on the quantity of special users enrolling at universities and their libraries. Originality value: This paper utilizes a survey of Mumbai academic librarians to examine and evaluate the extent to which universal access is provided in Mumbai academic libraries. This study is an integral aspect of a larger investigation of human orientation at Mumbai, Indias university libraries.
MOTIVATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ESL LEARNERS
Authors:   Associate Professor, Faculty of Languages and Communication, Houston Community College, USA., Sharamand , PhD Nivine ,   Language Teacher, ESL program, Houston Community College, USA.
Published: September 2023

This study examined the relationship between the types of motivation in ESL students who were learning English in community colleges. The study examined what kind has more impact on ESL learners: integrative motivation or instrumental motivation. The study also explored motivation as a leadership skill of ESL instructors and the attitude ESL learners possessed toward the language. It explored the relationship between time spent learning the new language and ESL motivation. A total of 200 ESL students from two community colleges were included in this study. A t-test was used as a quantitative tool to analyze the responses of ESL students who consented to take the survey online using a link from MonkeySurvey.com. The FLLMQ is the questionnaire used in the study findings suggest a significant statistical relationship between one specific type of integrative motivation and between the attitude of ESL learners. Additionally, findings found significant statistical relationship between the years spent learning English and between ESL learners level of motivation. Future studies are recommended to examine other characteristics that can affect motivation like gender, origin, and age in Houston, Texas.
SYNTHESIS AND STUDIES OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES HEAVY METAL OXIDE DOPED TELLURITE BASE GLASSES
Authors:   Department of Physics, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, India, 462044., Ashutosh Anil , F. Ansari Ghizal ,   Department of Physics, Madhyanchal Professional University, Bhopal, India, 462044.
Published: September 2023

Heavy metal oxide (HMO) doped tellurite glass systems with batch matrix x-HMO -(0.9-x)TeO2-0.1%Na2O- were prepared by established melt & quench teqnique. Physical properties as density, molar volume, oxygen packing density, poleron radius, interatomic distance were calculated effect of different HMO on density were observed. forbidden energy gap for direct and indirect allowed energies were estimated and further Refractive indices were calculated measured.
EVALUATION, MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOME OF GASTROINTESTINALPERFORATIONS
Authors:   Assistant Professor of General Surgery Government Medical College Vizianagaram. A.P. India., S.V. Ramana
Published: September 2023

Background: GIT perforation in an emergency is the third most frequent reason for explorative laparotomy.The occurrence of perforated peptic ulcers has decreased with thedevelopment of proton pump inhibitors. The methods for identifying and treating stomach and colon-rectal perforations have significantly changed with the development of laparoscopy and endoscopy Methods: All patients admitted and treated with perforation secondary to Hollow viscous perforation in surgical wards admitted during the period of JAN 2020 to JULY 2022 at Maharaja s institute of medical sciences, Vizianagaram Patients with Hollow viscus perforation admitted will be evaluated and the diagnosis will be made with history, clinical features and X-Ray Abdomen erect posture to support the diagnosis. Each case will be studied as per the proforma developed specifically for this study. Follow-up assessments will be done at first and third month during the postoperative period. Results: All the 30 cases weremanaged surgically with emergency laparotomy under General Anaesthesia.Out of 30 cases, 13 were appendicular perforations, 14 were acid pepticperforations in gastroduodenal region with single case of malignant gastricperforation, 1 idiopathic colonic perforation and 1 typhoid ileal perforation werenoted. Conclusion: Most common age of presentation is 3rd and 5th decade with male preponderance.Gastroduodenal perforation was the commonest cause of gastrointestinalPerforation followed by appendicular perforation. Peptic ulcer disease is most common etiology of GI perforation followed by appendicularperforation.
DEVELOPMENT AND DEGRADATION IN THE COOCH BEHAR STATE DURING MAHARAJA NRIPENDRA NARAYAN RULE, 1863-1911
Authors:   University of Gour Banga Ph.D. Scholar History Department., Adhikary Sajal
Published: September 2023

The Cooch Behar State was a small princely State of undivided Bengal during British rule. We know the State became a tributary State of the British East India Company in 1773 A.D. From this time the British ideology introduced in all aspects of the State by the Cooch Behar Maharajas. During the period of Maharaja Nripendra Narayan, who was known the modernizer of the Cooch Behar State, the British ideology had touched the highest stage of modernity during his time. During his time State introduced the First scientific land revenue management, Budget System and other developmental works. This had portrayed him as the modern Maharaja of the State or light side of the State. But this new land revenue management had sharp impact on the State environment and ecology and land-based society. This could portray him as destroyer of State environment and society.
LABIO-ALVEOLAR MOULDING FOR ESTHETIC AND FUNCTIONAL REHABILITATION OF OROPHARYNGEAL TERATOMA INDUCED SKELTAL AND SOFT TISSUE DEFORMITY IN NEWBORN - A CASE REPORT
Authors: M.S Yadukrishnan , Zarina A. Rita , B. Padmakumari , Dayakar P.S Danu
Published: September 2023

Teratomaare true neoplasms composed of tissue derived from all the three germinal layers.Teratomas arising in the palate pharynx or tongue and protrude from the mouth can result in life-threatening airway obstruction and feeding difficulties.Surgical excision improves the chance of survival of the newborn but it results in deformation of oral and masticatory apparatus. This article discusses about the role of pediatric dentist in reestablishing the form and function of the facial apparatus following surgical excision of intraoral teratoma.
INSTAGRAM COMO INSTRUMENTO AVALIATIVO NA GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR
Authors: Da Silva Pereira André Luiz , Oliveira Martins Luanna Laine , Meira Garcia Tânia Cristina , Dos Santos Sobrinho Djanni Martinho , Meira Garcia Túlia Fernanda
Published: September 2023

O artigo busca realizar uma discussão sobre a utilização do Instagram como instrumento avaliativo no contexto da Geografia Escolar. Para desenvolver essa reflexão, utiliza-se de referenciais que tratam sobre a temática do uso atual das tecnologias, como Santos (1994) e Levy (1999), bem como autores que discutem sobre o ensino de Geografia na contemporaneidade, Pontuschka, Paganalli e Cacete (2009). A Base Nacional Comum Curricular (Brasil, 2008) também está presente, como documento normativo para discutir práticas pedagógicas na Educação Básica. Além da análise bibliográfica, a metodologia é composta pela aplicação de questionário para professores de Geografia na Educação Básica, a fim de coletar dados sobre o Instagram como instrumento avaliativo de aprendizagem. A análise das respostas registradas permite apontar que é necessária uma renovação dos pressupostos didático-pedagógicos dos professores, a fim de romper com padrões tradicionais e enxergar a importância de tecnologias, tais como a rede social Instagram, enquanto elementos que devem compor a metodologia de ensino.
PREVAILING PHENOMENA IN COSMONAUTS' COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE CREW – MISSION CONTROL CENTER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND WANTED MODIFICATIONS
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Supolkina N.S. , Shved D.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Yusupova A.K. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Gushchin V.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Ryumin О.О. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: September 2023

The paper describes several phenomena of the crew – Mission control center (MCC) communication system established in space experiment KONTENT that attributable to cosmonauts' psycho-emotional conditions and necessitating the socio-psychological support. The authors propound their vision of social psychological support in context of the intergroup communication, as well as thoughts of how the crew-MCC communication can be improved. The recommended approaches will enable continuous psychological support to cosmonauts in orbit and reduce the psycho-emotional strain in MCC operators.
PLASMA COMPONENT IN THE HEMOSTASIS SYSTEM OF VOLUNTEERS FOR THE EXPERIMENT WITH A SERIES PROPHYLACTIC ROTATION ON A SHORT-ARM CENTRIFUGE
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kocherguin A.Yu. , Markin А.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Zhuravleva О.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Koloteva M.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Labetskaya O.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Zhuravleva T.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Smirnova Т.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kuzichkin D.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Vorontsov A.L. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Tikhonova G.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: September 2023

We studied the effects on the human system of plasma hemostasis of sequel rotations on a short-arm centrifuge with equal absolute g value and direction. Participants were 6 normal male volunteers at the age of 25 to 45 years. The volunteers were rotated 7 times in the head-to-pelvis direction (+Gz) at 2.1 g. The first rotation was performed prior to the series; the series of 5 rotations was performed with a 2-day interval between each; the final rotation was performed in 14 days after the series. Citrated plasma was used to investigate the procoagulent component of homeostasis, physiological anticoagulents, and intensity of fibrin formation and fibrinolysis. As compared to baseline data, fibrinogen concentration was increased significantly by 4 % on day 7 post rotations; thrombin time was found decreased by 5 % prior to the 6th rotation. Protein C activity was reduced significantly after rotations 3 and 5 by 8 % and 9 %, respectively. Antithrombin III was reduced by 4 % after rotation 5. Concentration of D-dimer was increased after rotations 5 and 6 by 87 % and 32 %, respectively. Rotations produced minor changes in the levels of pro- and anticoagulents, and also in the intensity of fibrin formation and fibrinolysis, that is these changes were within the physiological norm and reflected adaptive processes in organism.
Some Medicinal Chemistry Applications of the QSAR/QSPR Theory
Authors: Duchowicz Pablo R. , Garro-Martínez Juan C.
Published: September 2023

The application of QSAR/QSPR techniques and computer-aided modelling
are considered valuable tools to initiate the search for new drugs, and nowadays, these
are being intensively used for this purpose. Trustworthy models can provide insight
into the structural characteristics that may influence the drug inhibitory activity,
drastically improving the success and the pace of the development of more effective
drugs with weaker secondary effects. The present book chapter revises and comments
on different recent QSAR/QSPR applications conducted in medicinal chemistry field in
the last five years (2016-2020), developed on various interesting biological activities
and physicochemical properties of drug compounds.
Antifungal Agents
Authors: Butassi Estefanía , Svetaz Laura , Sortino Maximiliano
Published: September 2023

Fungal infections represent an increasing threat to a growing number of
immune- and medically compromised patients. Fungi, like humans, are eukaryotic
organisms and there are a limited number of selective targets that can be exploited for
antifungal drug development. This has also resulted in a very restricted number of
antifungal drugs that are clinically available for the treatment of superficial and
invasive fungal infections at the present time. Moreover, the utility of available
antifungals is limited by toxicity, drug interactions and the emergence of resistance,
which contribute to high morbidity and mortality rates. These limitations have created a
demand for the development of new antifungals, particularly those with novel
mechanisms of action.
The 1990s can be considered the “golden era” of antifungal drug development with
multiple big pharmaceutical companies actively engaged in the discovery and
development of novel antifungals. However, this has largely become stagnant since
then, and it has been two decades since the newest class of antifungal agents (the
echinocandins) reached the market. Overall, there are currently few classes of FDA-approved antifungal agents clinically used in the treatment of fungal infections. In this
chapter, we reviewed antifungal drugs and summarized their mechanisms of action,
pharmacological profiles, and susceptibility to specific fungi. Approved antimycotics
inhibit nucleic acid and microtubule synthesis, membrane ergosterol synthesis and cell
wall polymers’ synthesis, or sequestrate ergosterol. The experimental antifungal drugs
in clinical trials are also reviewed. We report sphingolipids and protein biosynthesis
inhibitors, which represent the most promising emerging antifungal therapies.
Investigating the Effectiveness of Mobile Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Kalaiarasi V. , Alamelu D. , Venugopal N.
Published: September 2023

Technology is a fundamental part of the teaching-learning process which has
brought plenty of benefits during the pandemic situation. Covid 19 has adversely
affected the education system throughout the world. Due to this abrupt change, mobile
learning has occupied a dominant place in helping students to handle this unavoidable
crisis. The studies focused on online learning, e-learning and also m-learning.
However, this study focuses on the effectiveness of m-learning by understanding the
satisfaction and intention of the students towards m-learning. Mixed research method
approach is used in this study. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is used to validate
the proposed model. The findings revealed that the majority of the students are satisfied
with m-learning. However, there are also some students who express dissatisfaction
with learning practical courses through mobile phones, citing insufficient support from
their parents and the institution. Additionally, the satisfaction and intention of students
play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of mobile learning (m-learning).
The study presents a comprehensive framework for understanding, explaining, and
predicting the factors that influence the effectiveness of mobile learning (m-learning)
among higher education students. The study also supports the practitioners and
educators with useful guidelines for designing a successful m-learning system,
particularly in higher education. This will also enable government to frame its the
digitized policies appropriately.
Socio-Economy of Coastal Fishing Community of Southern Coast of Odisha: A Case Study
Authors: Padmavati T.
Published: September 2023

Many of the country's most important essential zones and urban regions are
found on the outskirts of the coastal zone. The activity or processes of socio-economic
growth among coastal areas on the usage of coastal resources are essential for
understanding the socio-economic state of a region and its long-term management.
Sustainable development shows two great notions for the protection of natural
resources: (i) environmental protection and (ii) economic development. Development
activities are allowed as long as they do not compromise people's quality of life or the
viability of the natural systems on which development is based, according to the above
two notions. Advanced scientific and technological knowledge is now helping to
improve and prevent the unsustainable exploitation of natural resources along the
Indian coast. River floods, cyclones, depressions, and, most crucially, coastal erosions
are common occurrences in the studied region. This effect can potentially change the
socio-economic situations of coastal residents and society. As a result of this
background, the author decided to quickly analyze socio-economic conditions and look
at the current state and impacts on the study area's socio-economic conditions.
Information on the above parameters was gathered to get insight into the research area's
socio-economic profile. The current project involves conducting a socio-economic
survey on Orissa's southern coast.
Breast Cancer Detection Using Machine Learning Concepts
Authors: Taranum Fahmina , Sridevi K.
Published: September 2023

Machine learning is applied in medical diagnosis to do early prediction of
diseases, for increasing the possibility of recoverability around the globe. Cancer is a
disease, which spreads quickly and would be difficult to control in advanced stages.
The idea is to diagnose the disease at an early stage, so as to increase the chances of
fast recovery. Breast cancer is common in women, and is a disease that causes the
death of women in the age of fifty years or older. The purpose is to apply machine
learning concepts to do early detection of disease. The system is fed with the images of
all stages of cancer patients and the classification tools are used to train the system with
the cases. This helps to predict the stage of cancer. After the prediction of the stage, the
patient is prescribed with the medication or other appropriate treatment processes by
the doctor. The right time diagnoses help to improve the prognosis and increase the
chances of survival. The type of the tumour, size and its re-occurring nature need to be
monitored from time to time to check it in control. The Data Mining algorithm in
collaboration with Deep learning or Machine learning concepts can be used to design a
system for early predictions. The proposal is to use the machine learning concepts to do
performance comparison using different classifiers, such as Support Vector Machine
(SVM), Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) on the Wisconsin Diagnostic
Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset [1]. The main aim of cancer detection is to classify
tumours into malignant or benign, thus we use machine learning techniques to improve
the accuracy of diagnosis.
The main objective is to assess the efficiency, effectiveness and correctness of the
algorithm using performance metrics like Accuracy, Precision, F1 score and Recall
Experimentation is done using Jupyter Notebook.
Advantages of Nanocatalysts on Knoevenagel Condensation
Authors: Ghosh Mithun Kumar , Ghorai Tanmay Kumar
Published: September 2023

Nanocatalysts revolutionize organic chemistry for the conversion of various
organic reactions to obtain a high yield, low hazard and stability. It plays an important
role in the transformation of organic reactions due to its high surface area, small size,
and low reaction time. Therefore, green methodology, both in the synthesis of
nanocatalysts and organic transformation reactions, is an advanced technology, and
findings promise results. Many scientists all over the world synthesised nanoparticles
and used them as catalysts in Knoevenagel condensation. In this book chapter, we
documented the synthesis and characterisation techniques of the homo/hetero metallic
nanocatalyst and applied it in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction for its reusability
and easy separation after a chemical reaction because, in organic chemistry, separation
is a tedious job for finding pure compounds.
Role of Biotechnology in Afforestation and Land Rehabilitation
Authors: Dhir Bhupinder , Tiwari Ruby
Published: September 2023

Increased requirements for food and commodities have generated immense
pressure on land resources. Landforms and forest areas have been converted to
agricultural lands and rehabilitation areas to support the needs of a growing population.
Owing to these changes, an urgent need for afforestation and land restoration has been
generated. Various methodologies have been tried to restore the degraded land and
increase the forest cover. Clonal propagation aiming at rapid multiplication and large-scale production of plants via selected clones has been successfully implemented. This
approach has proved useful in raising commercial plantations. The use of
biotechnological approaches such as molecular markers and advanced breeding
programmes proved useful in raising clones for achieving afforestation and land
rehabilitation on a large scale. The present chapter provides a detailed account of
biotechnological techniques and processes that have played a significant role in
afforestation and land rehabilitation.
Remediation of Environmental Contaminants using Nanoparticles
Authors: Dhir Bhupinder
Published: September 2023

Nanotechnology plays an important role in monitoring, preventing, and
remediating environmental pollution. Nanomaterials are used in the detection and
removal of contaminants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants (aliphatic and
aromatic hydrocarbons), and biological agents such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
Nanomaterials act as good adsorbents, catalysts, and sensors due to their large specific
surface areas and high reactivities. Physicochemical properties, such as large surface
area, facilitate easier biodegradation/remediation of environmental contaminants.
Carbon nanomaterials, namely carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, and zero-valent iron nanoparticles, have shown great potential for the removal of heavy metals
and organic contaminants from water and soil. Hence, nanoremediation represents an
innovative approach to safe and sustainable remediation of environmental
contamination.
Use of Biodegradable Polymers and Plastics- A Suitable Alternate to Prevent Environmental Contamination
Authors: Ghoshal Chandrika , Pandey Shashi , Tomer Avinash
Published: September 2023

Bioplastics are plastics that are manufactured from biomass. These polymers
have become increasingly popular as a means of conserving fossil fuels, lowering CO2
emissions and minimising plastic waste. The biodegradability of bioplastics has been
highly promoted, and the demand for packaging among merchants and the food
industry is fast rising. It also has a lot of potential applications in the biological and
automobile industries. The plastic on the market is extremely dangerous because it is
non-biodegradable and harmful to the environment. As a result, the production and
usage of biodegradable polymers are becoming increasingly popular. Some of the more
recent formulations, partially as a result of third-party certifications, are more
compliant than the initial generation of degradable plastics, which failed to achieve
marketing claims. Many “degradable” plastics, on the other hand, do not degrade
quickly, and it is unclear whether their use will lead to significant reductions in a litter.
Biodegradable polymers, such as poly(lactic acid), are seen as viable replacements for
commodity plastics. In seawater, however, poly(lactic acid) is practically non-degradable. Other biodegradable polymers' degradation rates are further influenced by
the habitats they wind up in, such as soil or marine water, or when utilised in healthcare
equipment. All of these aspects are discussed in detail in this chapter, including
bioplastic types, applications, production, degradation, problems in landfills and sea
water, fermentation, synthesis, and sustainability. This chapter, taken as a whole, is
intended to help evaluate the possibilities of biodegradable polymers as alternative
materials to commercial plastics.
Role of Alternate Fuels (Bioethanol and Biodiesel) in Preventing Environmental Degradation
Authors: Dhir Bhupinder
Published: September 2023

The diminishing quantity of fossil fuels and environmental degradation lead
to the search for renewable and environmentally friendly fuels that can substitute
petroleum. The burning of petroleum products releases gases that pollute the
environment, hence need for alternate fuels was realized. Biofuels such as biodiesel
and bioethanol derived from food crops, biomass, algae, vegetable oil, animal fats, or
lignocellulosic materials are renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic. They possess low
quantities of sulfur, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals and are considered
eco-friendly. Biotechnological methods have been adapted to increase the production
of crop plants that are used in the production of biofuels. Genes encoding for enzymes
that degrade lignin, an important component of food crops,have also been inserted in
food crops so that processing can be made easier for getting increased production of
biofuels.
Remediation of Heavy Metals Using Biochar and its Modified Forms
Authors: Bhardwaj Akanksha , Pandey Puneeta , Nagendra Babu Jayaraman
Published: September 2023

Heavy metal contamination has affected various life forms on earth due to
their toxic, carcinogenic and bio-assimilative nature. Heavy metals are rapidly
transported by various water bodies in our environment. Thus, the remediation of
heavy metals in water bodies is essential for sustaining our ecosystems. The treatment
technologies available for treating the heavy metals undergoing dynamic biochemical
transformations in the environment are a challenge as well as an opportunity for
developing alternate cost-effective technologies. Adsorption has emerged as an
environment-friendly and cost-effective technology. Biochar, a sustainable and low-cost adsorbent, has shown encouraging results for the remediation of these
environmental contaminants. It stands out as a promising adsorbent due to chelating
functional moieties apart from high surface area and porosity. These physicochemical
attributes of biochar can be modulated using various physicochemical treatments to
achieve higher heavy metal removal efficiencies. Biochar is a carbon-neutral material,
which can be regenerated and disposed-off easily in an adsorption-based remediation
process. This chapter brings out the modifications characteristic of biochar, a
comparative statement of properties vis-a-vis biochar and their use in the adsorption of
heavy metals, and various mechanisms accounting for their removal.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child
Authors: Synodi Evanthia
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, children’s rights as defined by the Convention on the rights
of the child are analyzed, since the Convention has been ratified by Scotland and
Greece. According to the Convention, children have protection, provision, and
participation rights. Some of the General Comments issued by the United Nations on
children’s rights are discussed as they are related to young children’s education. It is
evident that participation rights are more difficult to implement, as they imply more
power for the children and acknowledgement of their competency
Children’s Views about an Authoritarian School
Authors: Synodi Evanthia
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, the data produced in the first focus group session with
children in Scotland and Greece are analyzed. The children who participated in this
session were read the plan for a teacher-directed school for young children, which does
not provide for most of the children’s rights relevant to their education. Children in
both countries mainly talked about the physical environment of the school in the plan,
which they found poor and hindering play (article 31). In terms of the social
environment of the authoritarian school, children wanted to be consulted (article 12)
but this tendency was stronger in Scotland and only children from Greece talked about
the need for children to be safe at school (article 19). The significance of article 5 on
adults helping children with exercising their rights was raised.
Conclusions
Authors: Synodi Evanthia
Published: September 2023

In this chapter, the topic of this study is described, together with its
importance for the education of young children. The methodological approach to this
research is also examined as well as its main findings. It attempts to give voice to
children from Greece and Scotland aged 5 to 6 years about the education of children
their age. Children’s views underlined the significance of their right to play (article 31)
and their right to participate in decision-making (article 12). At the end of the chapter,
the implications of this study are considered together with further topics of
investigation relevant to children’s rights in school. It is concluded that more initiatives
need to be taken regarding the implementation of article 5 of the Convention, which
pertains to the adults’ role in helping children exercise their rights.
Young Voices Unheard: Children’s Views from Scotland and Greece on Education
Authors: Synodi Evanthia
Published: September 2023

Young Voices Unheard: Children's Views from Scotland and Greece on Education is a compelling exploration of the perspectives of five to six-year-old children in Greece and Scotland regarding various aspects of their school experiences and their awareness of children's rights. This enlightening book aims to uncover which rights children prioritize and value most in their educational environment, shedding light on critical issues related to their schooling.

The book divides its content into two main parts. The theoretical section offers a comprehensive overview of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and its implications for children's education, emphasizing the importance of respecting children's rights. The author also provides an overview of schooling models for young children.

The empirical research section employs a meticulous methodology, involving focus group sessions with 56 children from both Greece and Scotland. Through these sessions, the book captures children's views on three distinct school models, each representing a different degree of adherence to children's rights. The data analysis reveals that young children prioritize rights such as the right to play, safety, consultation, and education.

In essence, Young Voices Unheard offers a unique and valuable perspective on children's rights in education. By giving voice to young children and considering their views on educational practices and provisions, this book contributes to the ongoing dialogue about creating more inclusive and rights-respecting educational environments around the world. It serves as a valuable resource for educators, policymakers, and researchers seeking to better understand and enhance the educational experiences of young children.