bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Storylines of family medicine I: framing family medicine – history, values and perspectives
Authors: Ventres William B , Stone Leslie A , Rowland Kathleen T , Streiffer Richard H , Macechko Michael D , Roulier Julia A , Borkan Jeffrey M , Green Larry A
Published: April 2024

Storylines of Family Medicineis a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine, as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In ‘I: framing family medicine—history, values, and perspectives’, the authors address the following themes: ‘Notes onStorylines of Family Medicine’, ‘Family medicine—the generalist specialty’, ‘Family medicine’s achievements—aglass half fullassessment’, ‘Family medicine’s next 50 years—toward filling our glasses’, ‘Four enduring truths of family medicine’, ‘Names matter’, ‘Family medicine at its core’ and ‘The ecology of medical care.’ May readers find much food for thought in these essays.
Storylines of family medicine VII: family medicine across the lifespan
Authors: Ventres William B , Stone Leslie A , Barnard Katharine C , Shields Sara G , Nelson Mark J , Svetaz Maria Verónica , Keegan Clara M , Heidelbaugh Joel J , Beck Paige B , Marchand Lucille
Published: April 2024

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In ‘VII: family medicine across the lifespan’, authors address the following themes: ‘Family medicine maternity care’, ‘Seeing children as patients brings joy to work’, ‘Family medicine and the care of adolescents’, ‘Reproductive healthcare across the lifespan’, ‘Men’s health’, ‘Care of older adults’, and ‘Being with dying’. May readers appreciate the range of family medicine in these essays.
Storylines of family medicine X: standing up for diversity, equity and inclusion
Authors: Ventres William B , Stone Leslie A , Bryant, Wayne W , Pacheco Mario F , Figueroa Edgar , Chu Francis N , Prasad Shailendra , Blane David N , Razon Na'amah , Mishori Ranit , Ferrer Robert L , Kneese Garrett S
Published: April 2024

Storylines of Family Medicineis a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In ‘X: standing up for diversity, equity and inclusion’, authors address the following themes: ‘The power of diversity—why inclusivity is essential to equity in healthcare’, ‘Medical education for whom?’, ‘Growing a diverse and inclusive workforce’, ‘Therapeutic judo—an inclusive approach to patient care’, ‘Global family medicine—seeing the world “upside down”’, ‘The inverse care law‘, ‘Social determinants of health as a lens for care’, ‘Why family physicians should care about human rights’ and ‘Toward health equity—theopportunome’.May the essays that follow inspire readers to promote change.
Storylines of family medicine XII: family medicine and the healthcare system
Authors: Ventres William B , Stone Leslie A , South-Paul Jeannette E , Campbell Kendall M , Petty Aerial R , Ekanadham Hima , Stange Kurt C , Etz Rebecca S , Miller William L , Ferrer Robert L , Kong Marianna , Bodenheimer Thomas , Strasser Roger , Reece Sharon C M , Freeman Joshua , Westfall John M
Published: April 2024

Storylines of Family Medicineis a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine, as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In ‘XII: Family medicine and the future of the healthcare system’, authors address the following themes: ‘Leadership in family medicine’, ‘Becoming an academic family physician’, ‘Advocare—our call to act’, ‘The paradox of primary care and three simple rules’, ‘The quadruple aim—melding the patient and the health system’, ‘Fit-for-purpose medical workforce’, ‘Universal healthcare—coverage for all’, ‘The futures of family medicine’ and ‘The 100thessay.’ May readers of these essays feel empowered to be part of family medicine’s exciting future.
No tillage and leguminous cover crop improve soil quality in a typical rainfed Mediterranean system
Authors: Farina Roberta , Piccini Chiara , Di Bene Claudia , Fornasier Flavio , Francaviglia Rosa , Pennelli Bruno , Vanino Silvia , Russo Mario , Cerasuolo Marianna , Troccoli Antonio
Published: April 2024

Soil and crop management influence soil organic carbon (SOC), chemical composition, and overall soil quality. In a Mediterranean region, a study initiated in 1994 examined the long-term effects of conventional tillage (CT) versus no-tillage (NT) practices. Initially focusing on continuous durum wheat cultivation until 2009, the experiment later introduced a 2-year rotation of durum wheat and Vicia faba L. cover crops in half of the CT and NT fields. SOC was monitored from 2008 to 2018, while microbial biomass (as dsDNA), soluble nitrogen (N), and enzyme activities (EAs) were monitored from 2011 to 2014 to evaluate the rotation’s impact. Between 2009 and 2018, CT yields were on average 15% higher than NT, especially during high rainfall years. NT significantly increased SOC content in the 0–30 cm soil layer, along with higher levels of soluble N, dsDNA, and EAs at 0–10 cm depth. NT led to a 23% and 10% increase in SOC stock and SOC stock per equivalent soil mass compared to CT. EAs increased by over 50% under NT, indicating enhanced biological activity. The SOC increase due to NT was limited to the top 10 cm, with a decrease at deeper depths (up to 50 cm). Introducing cover crops over 4 years did not yield significant impacts, suggesting the need for a longer period to observe noticeable effects. Overall, adopting NT practices resulted in higher SOC concentration, enhanced soil biological activity, and improved biogeochemical cycles, emphasizing the positive impact of NT on soil health and sustainability.
DevEx in Action
Authors: Forsgren Nicole , Kalliamvakou Eirini , Noda Abi , Greiler Michaela , Houck Brian , Storey Margaret-Anne
Published: April 2024

A study of developer experience and its tangible impact.
Energy-Delay Joint Optimization for Task Offloading in Digital Twin-Assisted Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Kong Xiangjie , Yang Xiaoxue , Shen Si , Shen Guojiang
Published: April 2024

Vehicle edge computing (VEC) provides efficient services for vehicles by offloading tasks to edge servers. Notably, extant research mainly employs methods such as deep learning and reinforcement learning to make resource allocation decisions, without adequately accounting for the ramifications of high-speed mobility of vehicles and the dynamic nature of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) on the decision-making process. This paper endeavours to tackle the aforementioned issue through the introduction of a novel concept, namely, a digital twin-assisted IoV. Among them, the digital twin of IoV offers training data for computational offloading and content caching decisions, which allows edge servers to directly interact with the dynamic environment while capturing its dynamic changes in real-time. Through this collaborative endeavour, edge intelligent servers can promptly respond to vehicular requests and return results. We transform the dynamic edge computing problem into a Markov decision process (MDP), and then solve it with the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm. Simulation experiments demonstrate the adaptability of our proposed approach in the dynamic environment while successfully enhancing the Quality of Service, that is, decreasing total delay and energy consumption.
Nexus Framing of Sustainability Issues: Feasibility, Synergies, and Trade-Offs in Terms of Water-Energy-Food
Authors: Allouche Jeremy
Published: April 2024

Multisectoral integration has been at the core of sustainability debates and is continuously rearticulated through different concepts. Following the 2007–2008 financial, food, and energy crises, a new concept, the water–energy–food nexus, gained prominence to identify trade-offs and synergies between water, energy, and food systems and guide the development of cross-sectoral policies. The nexus is essentially a systems-based perspective that explicitly recognizes these three systems as both interconnected and interdependent, and thus integrated approaches are required that move beyond sectoral, policy, and disciplinary silos. The nexus is also a political process, one in which the interplay of different types of power, as well as the actors wielding them, is not just a procedurally technical one. This tension between the nexus as a complex system and the nexus as a political process constitutes the core debating idea, in terms of feasibility, methods, and theory, in this article.
From Blur to Brilliance: The Ascendance of Advanced Microscopy in Neuronal Cell Biology
Authors: Campbell Kirby R. , Hallada Liam P. , Huang Yu-Shan , Solecki David J.
Published: April 2024

The intricate network of the brain's neurons and synapses poses unparalleled challenges for research, distinct from other biological studies. This is particularly true when dissecting how neurons and their functional units work at a cell biological level. While traditional microscopy has been foundational, it was unable to reveal the deeper complexities of neural interactions. However, an imaging renaissance has transformed our capabilities. Advancements in light and electron microscopy, combined with correlative imaging, now achieve unprecedented resolutions, uncovering the most nuanced neural structures. Maximizing these tools requires more than just technical proficiency. It is crucial to align research aims, allocate resources wisely, and analyze data effectively. At the heart of this evolution is interdisciplinary collaboration, where various experts come together to translate detailed imagery into significant biological insights. This review navigates the latest developments in microscopy, underscoring both the promise of and prerequisites for bending this powerful tool set to understanding neuronal cell biology.
The association of self-reported sleep and circadian measures with glycemic control and diabetes complications among young adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Koren Dorit , Knutson Kristen L. , Burke Brian K. , Drews Kimberly L. , Bacha Fida , Katz Lorraine , Marcus Marsha D. , McKay Siripoom , Nadeau Kristen , Mokhlesi Babak ,   on behalf of the TODAY Study Group
Published: April 2024

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in youth is increasing at an alarming rate. Identifying potentially modifiable factors modulating glycemic control is critically important to reduce micro and macrovascular complications. In a large cohort of youth-onset type 2 diabetes, self-reported late bedtime on work/school days was independently associated with loss of glycemic control in this longitudinal cohort of young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes.
Genital VZV in a Third Trimester Pregnancy and the Critical Role of Interdisciplinary Planning
Authors: Cook Brenna , Shadowen Caroline , Clark Lorna , Hoover Alena , Lee Stephanie , Bender Whitney
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Herpes simplex (HSV) and varicella zoster (VZV) viruses are harmful infectious agents in pregnancy due to their ability to impact maternal-fetal dyads through various modalities including vertical transmission, neonatal infection, and maternal morbidity. As a result, accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment of these infections in pregnancy is critical. Case. A 19-year-old primigravida presented to our tertiary care center at 30 weeks’ gestation with vulvar swelling, burning, and pain. Workup included direct PCR testing of a particularly erythematous area of the vulva which returned positive for VZV. The patient was treated with a 10-day course of acyclovir with resolution of her symptoms. She later had a full-term spontaneous vaginal delivery outside of the infectious window with no significant morbidity for either her or her neonate. Conclusion. Although a rare presentation, the presence of a genital lesion or labial swelling during pregnancy warrants workup for VZV, particularly among patients known to be varicella nonimmune. If genital VZV is diagnosed during pregnancy, the development of contingency plans through interdisciplinary collaboration should be pursued to ensure a safe delivery and postpartum course for both the maternal-fetal dyad as well as other patients on the unit and the provider care team.
The Priority Goals and Underlying Impairments Contributing to Goal-Related Problems of People with Parkinson’s Disease Receiving a Community-Based Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Davies Sarah J. , Gullo Hannah L. , Doig Emmah
Published: April 2024

Background. Goal setting is a core rehabilitation practice in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Targeting therapy towards specific goals leads to greater improvements in performance and psychosocial outcomes. Goal setting in PD is feasible, and although the nature of goals has been described in previous studies, the underlying impairments related to goals have not been described. Understanding the nature of goals ensures that interventions for people with PD are aligned with their needs and priorities. Understanding the underlying impairments highlights which symptoms have the biggest impact on daily life and is necessary for planning appropriate interventions to target them. Aim. To describe the nature of the goals of people with PD; the underlying impairments related to goals; and to compare differences between high and low priority goals. Method. Deductive content analysis was used to map goal statements to the international classification of function (ICF) activity and participation category and to map therapist field notes detailing the primary underlying impairment to the ICF Body Functions category. These results were then compared across goal priority rankings. Results. 88 goals of 22 people with PD were analysed. We found that people with PD set diverse goals across all chapters of the ICF Activity and Participation category, with “self-care” goals making up the highest proportion of goals. The primary underlying impairment related to the goals was predominantly related to impairments in “mental functions” under the Body Functions category. Regardless of goal priority, most goal-related underlying impairments were found to be in the “mental functions” category. Conclusion. The goals of this sample of community-dwelling people with PD highlight their diverse needs and priorities. These findings indicate that nonmotor symptoms, namely, executive dysfunction and amotivation most commonly impact the performance of and participation in activities of greatest importance to people with PD. This trial is registered with ACTRN12621001483842.
Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) for the Symptomatic Treatment of Dementia-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Meer Nike , Fischer Tobias
Published: April 2024

Pathomechanisms of dementias involve increasing damage to neuronal energy metabolism, resulting in degeneration-related insulin resistance and glucose hypometabolism. In this case, ketone bodies can provide an alternative energy source. Supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which can induce ketogenesis, may alleviate brain energy deficits and improve neuronal function. This review aims to determine the effectiveness of MCT as a symptomatic treatment approach. The systematic literature search was conducted in April 2023 following the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA guidelines. A total of 21 studies were included, comprising eight uncontrolled trials and 13 RCTs investigating the effects of MCT on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A substantial increase in plasma ketone levels and brain metabolic rates was observed. Cognitive assessments showed only occasional or domain-specific performance improvements. The effects on functional abilities or psychological outcomes have been inadequately studied. Besides gastrointestinal side effects, no harmful effects were observed. However, the evidence was severely weakened by heterogeneous and poorly designed study protocols, bias, and conflicts of interest. In conclusion, the ketogenic properties of MCTs may have beneficial effects on brain metabolism in AD and MCI but do not always result in measurable clinical improvement. Current evidence is insufficient to recommend MCT as a comparable symptomatic treatment option.
Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Estrogen Signaling as a Target for Never-Smoker Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients without EGFR or ALK Alterations
Authors: Park Seung-Jin , Ju Shinyeong , Goh Sung-Ho , Yoon Byoung-Ha , Park Jong-Lyul , Kim Jeong-Hwan , Lee Seonjeong , Lee Sang-Jin , Kwon Yumi , Lee Wonyeop , Park Kyung Chan , Lee Geon Kook , Park Seog Yun , Kim Sunshin , Kim Seon-Young , Han Ji-Youn , Lee Cheolju
Published: April 2024

Never-smoker lung adenocarcinoma (NSLA) is prevalent in Asian populations, particularly in women. EGFR mutations and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusions are major genetic alterations observed in NSLA, and NSLA with these alterations have been well studied and can be treated with targeted therapies. To provide insights into the molecular profile of NSLA without EGFR and ALK alterations (NENA), we selected 141 NSLA tissues and performed proteogenomic characterization, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), transcriptomic, methylation EPIC array, total proteomic, and phosphoproteomic analyses. Forty patients with NSLA harboring EGFR and ALK alterations and seven patients with NENA with microsatellite instability were excluded. Genome analysis revealed that TP53 (25%), KRAS (22%), and SETD2 (11%) mutations and ROS1 fusions (14%) were the most frequent genetic alterations in NENA patients. Proteogenomic impact analysis revealed that STK11 and ERBB2 somatic mutations had broad effects on cancer-associated genes in NENA. DNA copy number alteration analysis identified 22 prognostic proteins that influenced transcriptomic and proteomic changes. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed estrogen signaling as the key pathway activated in NENA. Increased estrogen signaling was associated with proteogenomic alterations, such as copy number deletions in chromosomes 14 and 21, STK11 mutation, and DNA hypomethylation of LLGL2 and ST14. Finally, saracatinib, an Src inhibitor, was identified as a potential drug for targeting activated estrogen signaling in NENA and was experimentally validated in vitro. Collectively, this study enhanced our understanding of NENA NSLA by elucidating the proteogenomic landscape and proposed saracatinib as a potential treatment for this patient population that lacks effective targeted therapies.

Significance:

The proteogenomic landscape in never-smoker lung cancer without known driver mutations reveals prognostic proteins and enhanced estrogen signaling that can be targeted as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve patient outcomes.
Data from Unveiling an Association between Waterpipe Smoking and Bladder Cancer Risk: A Multicenter Case–Control Study in Iran
Authors: Hadji Maryam , Rashidian Hamideh , Marzban Maryam , Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza , Bakhshi Mahdieh , Nejatizadeh Azim , Seyyedsalehi Monireh Sadat , Naghibzadeh-Tahami Ahmad , Haghdoost AliAkbar , Mohebbi Elham , Freedman Neal D. , Malekzadeh Reza , Etemadi Arash , Kamangar Farin , Weiderpass Elisabete , Pukkala Eero , Boffetta Paolo , Zendehdel Kazem
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground:
Limited data exist for the association between bladder cancers and waterpipe smoking, an emerging global public health concern.
Methods:
We used the IROPICAN database in Iran and used multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for cigarette smoking, opium use, and other confounding factors. In addition, we studied the association between exclusive waterpipe smoking and bladder cancer.
Results:
We analyzed 717 cases and 3,477 controls and a subset of 215 patients and 2,145 controls who did not use opium or cigarettes. Although the OR adjusted for opium, cigarettes, and other tobacco products was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69–1.20], we observed a statistically significant elevated risk in exclusive waterpipe smokers (OR = 1.78; 95% CI, 1.16–2.72) compared with non-users of opium or any tobacco. Associations were strongest for smoking more than two heads/day (OR = 2.25; 95% CI, 1.21–4.18) and for initiating waterpipe smoking at an age less than 20 (OR = 2.73; 95% CI, 1.11–6.72). The OR for urothelial bladder cancer was higher in ex-smokers (OR = 2.35; 95% CI, 1.24–4.42) than in current smokers (OR = 1.52; 95% CI, 0.72–3.15). All observed associations were consistently higher for urothelial histology.
Conclusions:
Waterpipe smoking may be associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer, notably among individuals who are not exposed to cigarette smoking and opium.
Impact:
The study provides compelling evidence that waterpipe smoking is a confirmed human carcinogen, demanding action from policymakers.

See related In the Spotlight, p. 461
Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency in Children with Craniopharyngioma and Cerebral Germ Cell Tumour: Two Sides of the Same Coin – Clinical and Radiological Features
Authors: Criscuolo Sabrina , Partenope Cristina , Tortora Mario , Arya Ved Bhushan , Albanese Assunta
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Paediatric brain tumours in the sellar-suprasellar region are often associated with arginine vasopressin peptide deficiency (AVPD), either at diagnosis caused by the tumour itself or during follow-up as a consequence of treatments. The purpose of this research was to retrospectively describe the neuroradiological characteristics and the timing of AVPD development in a cohort of paediatric patients with craniopharyngioma (CP) or germ cell tumours (GCTs). Methods: We evaluated brain MRI at tumour diagnosis and at the onset of AVPD, as well as recorded clinical, endocrinological, and histopathological data, treatments, and outcome. Results: Seventy-two patients with AVPD were included: 46 CPs (M:F = 25:21) and 26 GCTs (M:F = 18:8). CPs were suprasellar (63%), sellar (4%), or both (33%). GCTs were suprasellar (65%), pineal (24%), or bifocal (11%). No statistically significant differences were noted in tumour size between CP and GCT. Posterior pituitary bright spot absence was reported at diagnosis or at follow-up (as surgery consequence) in all patients with AVPD, indicating that the absence of hyper-intensity is a cardinal feature of AVPD. When measurable, pituitary stalk was thickened in most GCT patients (61.5%). At AVPD diagnosis in GCT, the mean age was 11.9 years; 18 (69%) patients had AVPD at the time of tumour diagnosis, 5 (19.3%) before the diagnosis with a latency of 24.4 months (range 4–48), and 3 (11.5%) during follow-up (mean 24 months, range 4–60) due to tumour recurrence. GCT patients presented with severe endocrinological manifestations (18/26), headache and vomiting (10/26), visual impairment (5/26), and behavioural changes with fatigue (1/26). In CP, the mean age at AVPD diagnosis was 10.3 years; 7 (15.2%) patients had AVPD at time of tumour diagnosis, 37 (80.5%) developed it shortly after neurosurgery, and 2 patients (4.3%) after 2 and 4 months from surgery, respectively. Clinically, headache and visual abnormalities were the most frequent clinical symptoms at diagnosis of CP (39/46, 84.8%), with hydrocephalus (16/46, 35%) and displacement of optic chiasm (29/46, 63%) at the initial MRI. While the vast majority of CP patients (93%) received only surgery, all GCT patients received radiation therapy in addition to or instead of surgery. Conclusion: An early differential diagnosis in children with AVPD and brain tumours is supported by a good understanding of the clinical features and imaging findings. Expert follow-up is necessary.
Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Treated Isolated Diastolic Hypertension and Isolated Low Diastolic Blood Pressure
Authors: Chang Wei‐Lun , Chen Ying‐Fan , Lee Yu‐Hsuan , Shiu Ming‐Neng , Chang Po‐Yin , Guo Chao‐Yu , Huang Chi‐Jung , Chiang Chern‐En , Chen Chen‐Huan , Chuang Shao‐Yuan , Cheng Hao‐Min
Published: April 2024

Background

The prognosis of high or markedly low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with normalized on‐treatment systolic blood pressure on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) is uncertain. This study examined whether treated isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) and treated isolated low DBP (ILDBP) were associated with MACEs in patients with hypertension.

Methods and Results

A total of 7582 patients with on‐treatment systolic blood pressure <130 mm Hg from SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) were categorized on the basis of average DBP: <60 mm Hg (n=1031; treated ILDBP), 60 to 79 mm Hg (n=5432), ≥80 mm Hg (n=1119; treated IDH). MACE risk was estimated using Cox proportional‐hazards models. Among the SPRINT participants, median age was 67.0 years and 64.9% were men. Over a median follow‐up of 3.4 years, 512 patients developed a MACE. The incidence of MACEs was 3.9 cases per 100 person‐years for treated ILDBP, 1.9 cases for DBP 60 to 79 mm Hg, and 1.8 cases for treated IDH. Comparing with DBP 60 to 79 mm Hg, treated ILDBP was associated with an 1.32‐fold MACE risk (hazard ratio [HR], 1.32, 95% CI, 1.05–1.66), whereas treated IDH was not (HR, 1.18 [95% CI, 0.87–1.59]). There was no effect modification by age, sex, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk, or cardiovascular disease history (all
P
values for interaction >0.05).

Conclusions

In this secondary analysis of SPRINT, among treated patients with normalized systolic blood pressure, excessively low DBP was associated with an increased MACE risk, while treated IDH was not. Further research is required for treated ILDBP management.
A Comparison of 5 Measures of Accelerated Biological Aging and Their Association With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Forrester Sarah N. , Baek Jonggyu , Hou Lifang , Roger Veronique , Kiefe Catarina I.
Published: April 2024

Background

Accelerated biological aging is an increasingly popular way to track the acceleration of biology over time that may not be captured by calendar time. Biological aging has been linked to external and internal chronic stressors and has the potential to be used clinically to understand a person's personalized functioning and predict future disease. We compared the association of different measures of biological aging and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) overall and by race.

Methods and Results

We used multiple informants models to compare the strength of clinical marker–derived age acceleration, 5 measures of epigenetic age acceleration (intrinsic and extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration, GrimAge acceleration, and PhenoAge acceleration), and 1 established clinical predictor of future CVD, Framingham 10‐year risk score, with incident CVD over an 11‐year period (2007–2018). Participants were 913 self‐identified Black or White (41% and 59%, respectively) female or male (51% and 49%, respectively) individuals enrolled in the US‐based CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) cohort study. The analytic baseline for this study was the 20‐year follow‐up examination (2005–2006; median age 45 years). We also included race‐specific analysis. We found that all measures were modestly correlated with one another. However, clinical marker–derived age acceleration and Framingham 10‐year risk score were more strongly associated with incident CVD than all the epigenetic measures. Clinical marker–derived age acceleration and Framingham 10‐year risk score were not significantly different than one another in their association with incident CVD.

Conclusions

The type of accelerated aging measure should be taken into consideration when comparing their association with clinical outcomes. A multisystem clinical composite shows associations with incident CVD equally to a well‐known clinical predictor.
Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion Improves Vascular and Contractile Function by Preserving Endothelial Nitric Oxide Production in Cardiac Grafts Obtained With Donation After Circulatory Death
Authors: Egle Manuel , Mendez‐Carmona Natalia , Segiser Adrian , Graf Selianne , Siepe Matthias , Longnus Sarah
Published: April 2024

Background

Cardiac donation after circulatory death is a promising option to increase graft availability. Graft preservation with 30 minutes of hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) before normothermic machine perfusion may improve cardiac recovery as compared with cold static storage, the current clinical standard. We investigated the role of preserved nitric oxide synthase activity during HOPE on its beneficial effects.

Methods and Results

Using a rat model of donation after circulatory death, hearts underwent in situ ischemia (21 minutes), were explanted for a cold storage period (30 minutes), and then reperfused under normothermic conditions (60 minutes) with left ventricular loading. Three cold storage conditions were compared: cold static storage, HOPE, and HOPE with Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). To evaluate potential confounding effects of high coronary flow during early reperfusion in HOPE hearts, bradykinin was administered to normalize coronary flow to HOPE levels in 2 additional groups (cold static storage and HOPE with Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester). Cardiac recovery was significantly improved in HOPE versus cold static storage hearts, as determined by cardiac output, left ventricular work, contraction and relaxation rates, and coronary flow (
P
<0.05). Furthermore, HOPE attenuated postreperfusion calcium overload. Strikingly, the addition of Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester during HOPE largely abolished its beneficial effects, even when early reperfusion coronary flow was normalized to HOPE levels.

Conclusions

HOPE provides superior preservation of ventricular and vascular function compared with the current clinical standard. Importantly, HOPE's beneficial effects require preservation of nitric oxide synthase activity during the cold storage. Therefore, the application of HOPE before normothermic machine perfusion is a promising approach to optimize graft recovery in donation after circulatory death cardiac grafts.
Factors Associated With Premature Termination of Hyperacute Stroke Trials: A Review
Authors: Aziz Yasmin N. , Sucharew Heidi , Reeves Mathew J. , Broderick Joseph P.
Published: April 2024

Background

We performed a review of acute stroke trials to determine features associated with premature termination of trial enrollment, defined by the authors as not meeting preplanned sample size.

Methods and Results

MEDLINE was searched for randomized clinical stroke trials published in 9 major clinical journals between 2013 and 2022. We included randomized clinical trials that were phase 2 or 3 with a preplanned sample size ≥100 and a time‐to‐treatment within 24 hours of onset for transient ischemic attack, ischemic stroke, or intracerebral hemorrhage. Data were abstracted on trial features including trial design, inclusion criteria, imaging, location and number of sites, masking, treatment complexity, control group (standard therapy, placebo), industry involvement, and preplanned stopping rules (futility and efficacy). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to select the most important factors associated with premature termination; then, a multivariable logistic regression was fit including only the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator selected variables. Of 1475 studies assessed, 98 trials met eligibility criteria. Forty‐five (46%) trials were prematurely terminated, of which 27% were stopped for benefit/efficacy, 20% for lack of money/slow enrollment, 18% for futility, 16% for newly available evidence, 17% for other reasons, and 4% due to harm. Complex trials (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.76 [95% CI, 1.13–7.49]), presence of a futility rule (aOR, 4.43 [95% CI, 1.62–17.91]), and exclusion of prestroke dependency (none/slight disability only; aOR, 2.19 [95% CI, 0.84–6.72] versus dependency allowed) were identified as the strongest predictors.

Conclusions

Nearly half of acute stroke trials were terminated prematurely. Broadening inclusion criteria and simplifying trial design may decrease the likelihood of unplanned termination, whereas planned futility analyses may appropriately terminate trials early, saving money and resources.
Explicitly Representing Syntax Improves Sentence-to-Layout Prediction of Unexpected Situations
Authors: Nuyts Wolf , Cartuyvels Ruben , Moens Marie-Francine
Published: April 2024

Recognizing visual entities in a natural language sentence and arranging them in a 2D spatial layout require a compositional understanding of language and space. This task of layout prediction is valuable in text-to-image synthesis as it allows localized and controlled in-painting of the image. In this comparative study it is shown that we can predict layouts from language representations that implicitly or explicitly encode sentence syntax, if the sentences mention similar entity-relationships to the ones seen during training. To test compositional understanding, we collect a test set of grammatically correct sentences and layouts describing compositions of entities and relations that unlikely have been seen during training. Performance on this test set substantially drops, showing that current models rely on correlations in the training data and have difficulties in understanding the structure of the input sentences. We propose a novel structural loss function that better enforces the syntactic structure of the input sentence and show large performance gains in the task of 2D spatial layout prediction conditioned on text. The loss has the potential to be used in other generation tasks where a tree-like structure underlies the conditioning modality. Code, trained models, and the USCOCO evaluation set are available via Github.1
To Diverge or Not to Diverge: A Morphosyntactic Perspective on Machine Translation vs Human Translation
Authors: Luo Jiaming , Cherry Colin , Foster George
Published: April 2024

We conduct a large-scale fine-grained comparative analysis of machine translations (MTs) against human translations (HTs) through the lens of morphosyntactic divergence. Across three language pairs and two types of divergence defined as the structural difference between the source and the target, MT is consistently more conservative than HT, with less morphosyntactic diversity, more convergent patterns, and more one-to-one alignments. Through analysis on different decoding algorithms, we attribute this discrepancy to the use of beam search that biases MT towards more convergent patterns. This bias is most amplified when the convergent pattern appears around 50% of the time in training data. Lastly, we show that for a majority of morphosyntactic divergences, their presence in HT is correlated with decreased MT performance, presenting a greater challenge for MT systems.
The Impact of Word Splitting on the Semantic Content of Contextualized Word Representations
Authors: Soler Aina Garí , Labeau Matthieu , Clavel Chloé
Published: April 2024

When deriving contextualized word representations from language models, a decision needs to be made on how to obtain one for out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words that are segmented into subwords. What is the best way to represent these words with a single vector, and are these representations of worse quality than those of in-vocabulary words? We carry out an intrinsic evaluation of embeddings from different models on semantic similarity tasks involving OOV words. Our analysis reveals, among other interesting findings, that the quality of representations of words that are split is often, but not always, worse than that of the embeddings of known words. Their similarity values, however, must be interpreted with caution.
How to reduce waste using black soldier fly larvae and produce a high-quality product
Authors: Ben-Mordechay T. , Gutman R. , Shaltiel-Harpaz L. , Opatovsky I.
Published: April 2024

With the growing human population the demand for protein is rising and waste production is increasing. Insects can provide a sustainable solution for both problems and produce food (protein and fat) from waste. Our study tested the ability of the black soldier fly (BSF) to reduce agricultural waste and produce a high-value product rich in unsaturated fatty acids. Initially, we tested the diet limitations of the larvae. We tested the composition of the agricultural wastes (brewery and avocado wastes) and the ability of the larvae to grow on them. A mixed diet based on brewery and avocado wastes was composed to increase larval weight and improve their fatty acid composition. The larvae were limited by the protein and water content of the diet (7% and 70%, respectively). The mixed diet that met the requirements of a minimal ratio of protein (7%) and optimal water content (70%), did not improve larval weight but increased the unsaturated fatty acid content. Therefore, using BSF larvae to reduce waste and produce protein is feasible; however, the end product should be considered when composing their diet from a waste mixture.
Comparing Charge Dynamics in Organo-Inorganic Halide Perovskite: Solid-State versus Solid-Liquid Junctions
Authors: Lv Wenjing , Zhan Kaidong , Ren Xuecheng , Chen Lu , Wu Fan
Published: April 2024

In this study, we explore the dynamics of a perovskite-electrolyte photoelectrochemical cell, pivotal for advancing electrolyte-gated field effect transistors, water-splitting photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic cells, supercapacitors, and CO2 capture and reduction technologies.
The instability of hybrid perovskite materials in aqueous electrolytes presents a significant challenge, yet recent breakthroughs have been achieved in stabilizing organo-inorganic halide perovskite films. This stabilization is facilitated by employing liquid electrolytes, specifically those
formed by dissolving tetrabutylammoniumperchlorate in dichloromethane. A critical aspect of this research is the comparative analysis of charge and ion kinetics at the perovskite/liquid electrolyte interface versus the perovskite/solid charge transport layer interface. Employing Intensity
Modulated Photocurrent Spectroscopy (IMPS), Open-Circuit Voltage Decay (OCVD), and Capacitance-Frequency (C-F) methods, the study scrutinizes charge dynamics in both perovskite/electrolyte and perovskite/solid interfaces. Furthermore, the investigation extends to contrasting the properties
of solid–liquid and solid-state junctions, focusing on mobile ions, electric field impacts, and electron-hole transport. The research also examines variations in recombination resistance and ionic double layer charging in perovskite-based devices, aiming to elucidate the operational
mechanisms and kinetic complexities at the hybrid perovskite/electrolyte interface.
A Robust and Secure Electronic Internet of Things-Cloud Healthcare Framework for Disease Classification Using Deep Learning
Authors: Siddiqui Md. Ashraf , Islam Asharul , Khaleel Mohammed Abdul , Ahmed Mohammed Mohsin , Alalayah Khaled M. , Shaman Faisal , Mushtaque Nazneen , Sultana Rafia , Irshad Reyazur Rashid
Published: April 2024

In the modern era, the Internet of Things (IoT) based nano-electronic devices are essential to provide practical patient information through monitoring performance in the healthcare system. Moreover, remote health monitoring is becoming necessary for lowering healthcare expenses and
enhancing patient care due to the aging population and the rise in chronic illnesses. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in the IoT based nanoelectronics devices as a potential solution for remote health monitoring. An extensive range of physiological data, including heart rates, blood
oxygen levels, body temperatures, ECG signals, etc., can be collected and analyzed by IoT-based sensors devices, giving medical practitioners real-time feedback so they can respond appropriately. Therefore, in this paper, a novel Functional neural network-based Aquila optimization (FNN-AO)
algorithm is developed to classify the various types of diseases. Furthermore, an Identity-based Encryption (IbE) algorithm is adapted to secure the healthcare data. Initially, IoT based electronic sensors collect and store healthcare data in the cloud storage system. This process was done
with the help of the MATLAB platform, and parameters were analyzed and compared with existing techniques in terms of performance metrics. From the comparison, the proposed framework has a 2.34% improvement over the other models.
Optimal Scheme Selection Model of Distributed Photovoltaic Consumption in Smart City Based on Gaussian Mixture Model
Authors: Xing Manjiang , Jiang Haojie
Published: April 2024

In an effort to guarantee the stable action and photovoltaic absorption capability of the spread mesh after a macro digit of distributed solar panels are related to the mesh, this paper puts forward the definitive scheme selection model of distributed photovoltaic absorption in smart
cities based on Gaussian mixture model. The principal constituent analysis arithmetic is used to process the chronicle data of distributed photovoltaic action, and the processed data are transmitted to the Gaussian compound model. According to this model, the short-term power situation of
distributed photovoltaic is predicted, and the external ability and restrict requirements of the definitive programme of distributed photovoltaic consumption are determined according to the prediction fruits. The definitive programme of distributed photovoltaic consumption is selected by the
approximate ideal solution sorting method. The measurement fruits show that the model has a good short-term power prediction effect of distributed photovoltaic, and the prediction fruits are in high agreement with the actual fruits, and the coverage rate and interval average bandwidth fruits
are above 0.918 and below 0.11 respectively. The photovoltaic consumption of the definitive programme is above 130%.
Effect of Vortex Generations on Aerodynamic Performance of Rough Wind Turbine Airfoil
Authors: Gao Chao , Jia Ya-Ya , Li Mei , Wang Wei-Wei , Tan Di , Li Zhao-Yang
Published: April 2024

Experimental investigations were carried out in wind tunnel facilities to assess the effect of vortex generators on the aerodynamic characteristics of a NACA4418 airfoil, particularly in scenarios where surface roughness is precipitated by environmental elements like dust, sand, and
insects. These elements are known to adversely affect the efficiency of power generation. These studies meticulously analyzed the airfoil’s pressure distribution and its aerodynamic coefficients, taking into account the roughness positioned at varying locations along the chord. Special
attention was given to the roughness located at 0.2c due to its pronounced impact on aerodynamic efficiency. The research highlighted that vortex generators play a crucial role in mitigating boundary layer separation, thereby enhancing the lift-to-drag ratio, especially at higher angles of
attack. Notably, the deployment of vortex generators on airfoils affected by surface roughness resulted in a more pronounced improvement, elevating the maximum lift coefficient by 11.6% compared to their effect on smooth airfoils. Furthermore, the study revealed that an increase in the Reynolds
number significantly augments the benefits provided by vortex generators, improving the lift coefficient and delaying the stall angle for airfoils with surface roughness, while also shifting the boundary layer separation point towards the airfoil’s trailing edge.
A horizontal vibration prediction method of high-speed elevator based on transferred-digital twin model
Authors: Li Heng , Qiu Lemiao , Wang Zili , Zhang Shuyou , Tan Jianrong , Zhu Linhao
Published: April 2024

The vibrations of high-speed-elevators (HSEs) significantly impact the comfort of elevator rides, with horizontal vibrations (HV) being the most sensitive to bodies. Customized elevator products are characterized by high-speed capabilities, customization options, and complex operational conditions. These characteristics often lead to challenges such as difficulties in predicting HV, low prediction accuracy, and limited reusability of prediction models and data. In order to mitigate HV in elevators, its crucial to implement HV prediction during the design phase. To address this need, this paper proposes a method for predicting HSEHV based on a Transferred Digital Twin (TLDT) model. The HSE’s design is physically extracted, and an elevator Digital Twin (DT) model with a digital layer is constructed. This model includes product geometry models, dynamics models, and simulation models. A transfer learning (TL) model is developed to integrate simulation data generated by the digital layer with measurement data acquired from the data interface layer, resulting in high-capacity and high-fidelity DT data. Using the support vector regression (SVR) method, a high-dimensional nonlinear HSEHV prediction model is established, and is trained and optimized using DT data to achieve data-driven HSEHV prediction. The validity of this approach is confirmed using measured data from an elevator test tower. Results indicate that the SVR-based TLDT model achieves the highest accuracy and the lowest absolute error values for both peak-to-peak and A95 vibration acceleration when compared to other models such as NN, KNN, decision tree, and lasso models. Furthermore, by incorporating DT data, the model accuracies improve by 16.9%, 14.5%, 8.6%, 14.1%, and 8.6%, and 12.3%, 12.4%, 19.7%, 7.6%, and 8.7%, respectively, for the mentioned models. Finally, the HV of KLK2 elevator car system is predicted. When compared with simulation analysis and the conventional SVR prediction model, obtained results through the proposed method closely align with the measured values.