bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empleo formal e informal en el sector turístico en Colombia
Authors: Leguizamón T. Manuel
Published: September 2016

No es suficiente seguir argumentando que el turismo es una actividad intensiva en la generación de empleo. Se acepta que esta actividad, por ser polisémica y convergente, no solo demanda mayor empleo en comparación con otras actividades, sino que este es diversificado y con competencias laborales específicas. El encadenamiento productivo que requiere el producto turístico competitivo asocia empresas que, por su tamaño, forman parte de la denominada economía informal; muchas veces estas empresas son concomitantes con el empleo informal. Este empleo informal se asocia a condiciones vulnerables, sin cobertura de seguridad social, sin los beneficios laborales deseables, con un ingreso inferior al formal, entre otras limitantes. En este documento se analiza cuál es la participación del denominado empleo informal en el sector turístico colombiano y cómo se está propendiendo a la formalización de las empresas que aún desarrollan su actividad basadas en la condición de informales o “alegales”.
Why Consumers (Do Not) Change Their Mobile Service Providers – a Hungarian Study
Authors: Endre Simay Attila
Published: September 2016

The present study introduces the connexions of consumer satisfaction, consumer trust, consumer loyalty and switching costs in one framework. The empirical study took place in the Hungarian mobile telecommunication market, because of the high penetration and the oligopolistic competition in the industry. The results suggest that the major indicator of consumer loyalty is the consumer trust in the companies, and consumer satisfaction is more likely to be an indicator of trust. Switching costs have little effect on loyalty compared with consumer trust or even satisfaction.
Influence of Sinus Floor Configuration on Grafted Bone Remodeling After Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation
Authors: Chen Hsuan‐Hung , Lin Yi‐Chun , Lee Shyh‐Yuan , Chang Lien‐Yu , Chen Bor‐Jian , Lai Yu‐Lin
Published: September 2016

Background: This study investigates influence of the sinus floor configuration on dimensional stability of grafted bone height after the osteotome sinus grafting procedure.

Methods: Forty single‐tooth dental implants inserted after placement of bioglass and/or allograft into the sinus area using an osteotome technique in 37 patients were evaluated in this retrospective study. Periapical radiographs were taken using the long‐cone technique before and after implant placement. Specifically, radiographic measurements of grafted bone height at the mesial and distal side of each implant were taken, and the sinus floor configuration was classified into concave, angle, and flat according to the sinus floor profile at the implant site. Furthermore, the intruding angle, defined as the angle between the implant axis and sinus floor, was measured.

Results: All implants were clinically stable during a mean follow‐up period of 39.2 months. Mean initial gain of sinus grafted bone height was 7.0 ± 1.9 mm, and later it was reduced to 4.6 ± 1.9 mm at follow‐up (P <0.001). A greater reduction in grafted bone height was revealed in the flat sinus group compared with the concave group (P <0.001). Results from the linear regression showed larger intruding angles were statistically significantly associated with a greater reduction in grafted bone height (r2 = 0.55, P <0.001).

Conclusion: All bioglass and/or allograft placed in the maxillary sinus after the osteotome technique underwent remodeling and shrinkage; however, the outcome of the procedure was more predictable in sinuses with a concave floor and small implant‐intruding angles.
Práticas educativas de famílias negras e relações étnico-raciais: uma experiência em formação de professores
Authors: Martins Edna , Candido Renata Marcilio
Published: September 2016

As práticas educativas familiares têm influência direta nos processos de formação de identidade racial das crianças negras, assim como norteiam os modos como essas questões são vivenciadas nas interações sociais em contextos diversos. Esse trabalho descreve uma experiência com estudantes de um curso de formação inicial de professores de uma universidade pública da Grande São Paulo. Centrada no estudo de referenciais teóricos que versam sobre socialização primária e identidade  no contexto das relações étnico-raciais, tal experiência buscou iniciar os estudantes em um projeto de iniciação à pesquisa. Com o objeto de compreender como ocorrem as práticas educativas de famílias negras com relação a socialização de suas crianças, a partir de metodologia qualitativa, o trabalho contou com dois grupos de alunos que realizaram entrevistas com 12 famílias da classe trabalhadora. Os dados analisados indicam que as práticas educativas da maioria das famílias negras entrevistadas incluem ações que se referem às relações entre cor/raça. Concluiu-se que tal experiência reafirma a relevância da inclusão de ações de pesquisa nos programas de ensino dos cursos de formação de professores, principalmente nas interfaces entre a educação científica e a questão das relações étnico-raciais, tendo em vista a formação de profissionais empenhados no trabalho de combate à discriminação racial.
Três tecnologias de subjetivação para pensar o ensino de dança na escola
Authors: Falkenbach Maria , Icle Gilberto
Published: September 2016

Este texto pretende propor o ensino de dança na escola de Educação Básica como tecnologia que envolve três possibilidades: disciplina; biopolítica e técnica de si. São apresentadas as relações entre ensino de dança e as formas disciplinares de conduta de professoras e professores, e de alunas e alunos. Problematiza-se a biopolítica como tecnologia que trama o movimento e o movimentar-se à produção da vida, especialmente, por intermédio da mídia e de outras tecnologias. Discute-se a dança como tecnologia de si, como inquietude, mostrando a articulação entre movimento e modos de subjetivação. A reflexão aqui empreendida parte da produção filosófica de Michel Foucault, amalgamando-se aos estudos sobre o movimento de Rudolf Laban. Este texto enfatiza a relação entre a produção de movimento na Escola e três modos distintos de subjetivação, dando visibilidade à trama ambígua produzida pelo ensino da dança na Escola: subjetivar-se e assujeitar-se.
Ensinando futuros professores sobre literatura infantil: relato de experiência
Authors: Fortunato Ivan
Published: September 2016

Este artigo, escrito sob a forma de ensaio, é um relato de experiência em educação, especificamente sobre leitura infantil na escola, sendo fruto de reflexão a partir de uma atividade desenvolvida em sala de aula do ensino superior, no curso de licenciatura em pedagogia. Baseado na teoria educacional de Celestin Freinet, e na ação pedagógica dialogada, apresenta-se uma atividade didática supervisionada, sendo colaborativa e dinâmica, articulada em quatro etapas, a saber: aquecimento, desenvolvimento, partilha e reflexão. Ao final, ao mesmo tempo em que se deseja compartilhar a utilização de um instrumento didático, espera-se que essa experiência seja compreendida, analisada, debatida e melhorada por professores, em exercício e/ou em formação.
Research as entanglement
Authors: Hargraves Vicki
Published: September 2016

In this paper I seek to explore how we might conceptualise research when subject and object are entangled: when subject can no longer be thought as a unified body, a conscious Self, formed by its unique history of experiences and interactions; when object exceeds its passive identity and relations of analogy, resemblance and opposition (Deleuze, 1994) with other objects. This paper interrogates how an immanent materialism affects understandings of doing research, what it means to fail to distinguish researcher from research or method or findings, and to abandon attempts to fully extract the research data from its ongoing relations with all matter. Immanent materialism offers a view of the subject-who-researches and the object-researched as entangled in multiplicities of matter interconnecting, co-influencing, individuating and always becoming new. Data expands to include all: the subject, the objects, their representation, and their virtual potential to become-new. Instead of subject-object, there is only data, and data, and data, and...
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Authors: Amorim Antonio Carlos
Published: September 2016

Apresentação da Revista ETD vol. 18, n.3, 2016
Study of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration in sediment and soil samples of three southern districts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Latha A. Priya , Shanthi G.
Published: September 2016

Human can be exposed to the radiation emitting from different radioactive sources depending upon their activities and surroundings. Human activities have contributed to the increased concentration of some radionuclides in the environment. A survey of the gross alpha and gross beta activity in soil samples collected along the three southern districts of TamilNadu has been carried out. Determination of the gross alpha and gross beta activity concentration are done by using ZnS (Ag) and low beta counter. The gross alpha activity varies from 162.3 Bq/kg to 3679.6 Bq/kg near the sea and ranges from 107.5 Bq/kg to 1774.1 Bq/kg 150 m away from the sea. The gross alpha activity in the sub-urban area varies from 53.67 Bq/kg to 644.12 Bq/kg. The gross beta activity concentration in the soil ranges from 388.8 Bq/kg to 40111.1 Bq/kg in the coastal region (near the sea) and ranges from 669.06 Bq/kg to13278.4 Bq/kg (150 m away from the sea). While the gross beta activity concentration in the sub-urban area varies from 1103.05 Bq/kg to 4202.12 Bq/kg. The obtained values shows soil from the sampled locations may pose some long time health hazards to the public. Statistical analysis are also performed between the soil samples. 
Enrolment pattern and Profile of Scheduled Caste Girl Students
Authors: Yadav Beena , Kumari Shailja , Goel Rita , Sain Kiran
Published: September 2016

Half of the scheduled caste (SC) girl students were in the age group of 16-18 years followed by 33.0 per cent who were above 18 years of  age and the age of remaining 17.0 per cent students was between 13-15 years. Maximum number of students were  Haijans  (34.0%) followed by dhanak (27.0%), balmiki (13.0%), odd (11.0%) and khatik (10.0%); and  majbhi sikh & bajigar caste respondents were less than five percent (3.0% and 2.0%, respectively). Majority of them were from  joint families (78.0 %) with family size between  6-8 members (71.0%) and  aspired to be graduate ( 52.0 %) and be in  teaching profession (37%).  Average number of siblings of the respondents was 2.48 wherein girls outnumbered boys. Illiteracy rate among their female sibling (6.9%)  was more than two times higher than male siblings (2.8 %). Their mothers were home makers (48.0%) and fathers were labour (53.0%) in maximum number of cases. Majority (69.0%) of the SC  girl students  were  from landless families.  
Laboratory Quantification of Environmental and Quality Risks Associated with Pneumatic Transfer of Frac Sand
Authors: Kidd Ian , Fuss-Dezelic Tihana , Shi Jingyu , Wilcox Craig , Herskovits Raphael , Kaul Todd
Published: September 2016

During use on the hydraulic fracturing site, proppants experience repetitive mechanical handling starting at unloading from railcars and trucks to the point of final blending with the fracturing fluid. At each point of transfer, quantities of fine dust particles develop which can affect worker safety. Due to the increase of proppant consumption per site, the industry has a concern about a corresponding increase in the time-weighted average exposure of workers to high silica dust. Recently approved changes to OSHA's crystalline silica rule require the permissible exposure limit (PEL) for respirable crystalline silica to be lower than 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air, averaged over an 8-hour shift.

This study first investigates dust generation associated with pneumatic transfer of northern white sand to sand storage units on location. A laboratory apparatus is designed to mimic location conditions and allow for continuous exposure of sand particles to 15 psi of air jet pressure. During this attrition process, generated dust is collected using a dust collection system. Weight percent and particle size of collected particles is measured. Average weight percent of collected sand is 1.6%, which, on a 10 000 000 lb job translates to a loss of 160,000 lbs of material. Particle size analysis of collected dust shows that 30% of it is below 10 microns and is by OSHA considered respirable. As attrition related changes in surface morphology affect strength performance, morphology of attrited sand grains is also evaluated via crush testing per ISO 13503-2. At 4000 psi, attrited samples measure 6 weight % higher crush than non-attrited samples.

The study also measures the effect of attrition on dust generation and mechanical stability of intermediate strength ceramic proppants. Following attrition testing, intermediate strength proppants show a 0.15% mass loss. XRD analysis of collected dust shows that none of the particles contain crystalline silica and are therefore not subjected to OSHA regulation. Mechanical performance of intermediate strength proppants, at 8,000 psi, is 1% higher on samples that were subjected to attrition than on non-attrited samples

This study further discusses advantages and limitations of designed attrition methods compared to field testing and evaluates sand dust mitigation costs.
Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Resource Estimation in Unconventional Plays Application to Eagle Ford Shales
Authors: Sinha Saurabh , Devegowda Deepak , Deka Bhabesh
Published: September 2016

Unconventional resource plays have shaken the energy industry in last decade changing the energy import – export equation especially in United States. US shale plays now contribute towards 40% of the total natural gas production (U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2012)With highly heterogeneous formations and Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells (MFHW), resource estimation in these plays are still debatable. From sophisticated numerical simulation models to much simpler hyperbolic decline curves, none can be used with confidence to estimate resources in these shale plays.

In this paper we have described the application of multivariate statistical techniques to generate type curves (TC's) for the Arp's decline analysis. Our study includes more than 1500 wells from different fluid type's (dry gas, lean gas, rich gas and light oil) in eagle ford shale (EFS).

Data such as well logs, completion, production and geology is included in the analysis as input variables. The analysis demonstrates the application of multivariate statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), k means clustering, self-organizing maps (SOM) and multivariate regression (MVR).

Our analysis show that univariate statistics is insufficient for analyzing the data due to significant amount of heterogeneity in shale reservoirs. Using univariate statistics impact of different variables such as well spacing, condensate gas ratio (CGR), perforated lateral lengths, zipper fracture etc. cannot be accounted in a holistic way. Multivariate analysis can quantify the impact of these variables and can be used as a good predictive tool for determination of Arp's parameters.
Well Integrity and Pressure Control in Unconventional Reservoirs: A Comparative Study of Marcellus and Utica Shales
Authors: Elshehabi Tawfik , Bilgesu Ilkin
Published: September 2016

Challenges associated with Utica and Marcellus shale well integrity and safety necessities further study in order to have an effective and economic drilling operations. Objectives of this comparative study are to evaluate the impact of unscheduled well control events on wellbore integrity, as well as the influence of poor drilling practices that trigger well control emergencies in shale gas wells.

A realistic multiphase simulator is used to evaluate well control unexpected scenarios in Utica and Marcellus shales. Changing operational parameters such as wellbore profile, well control method, drilling fluid type and circulation rate in Marcellus and Utica horizontal wells are investigated. Further, this research studied the impact of influx type, size and intensity on well integrity. Behavior of dry gas, rich condensate and black oil influxes are compared in extended lateral wells. The impact of free gas migration in inclined downward laterals drilled with water based mud is compared to the influence of gas solubility in inclined upward wells drilled using synthetic oil based mud.

Preliminary results show that deeper, over-pressurized Utica shale presents more challenges compared to Marcellus shale wells. When oil based muds are used additional challenges are presented since the surface pressures and volumes are not representative of the bottom-hole conditions. Dissolved gas in oil is liberated at the bubble point pressure complicating surface kick handling procedures. Gas influx migrates and reaches surface much quicker in water based muds and inclined downward laterals. Higher the influx circulation rate, size and intensity, higher the resultant pressures and volumes and higher the risk of exceeding casing shoe fracture pressure and risking well integrity.

Drilling fluid type, properties and flow characteristics are critical for well integrity. Early detection is a key factor in minimizing kick size and properly contain pressures without violating safety and environment regulations and reduces the blowout associated risks. Accordingly, well integrity is verified by monitoring surface choke, casing shoe and constant bottomhole pressures throughout the entire well control operations.
Determination and Implication of Ultimate Water Cut in Well-Spacing Design for Reservoirs with Water Coning
Authors: Prasun S. , Wojtanowicz A. K
Published: September 2016

Theoretically, ultimate water cut, (WCult), defines well's maximum water production for uncontained oil pay underlain with water. However, in a real multi-well reservoir well's drainage area is contained by a no-flow boundary (NFB) that would control water coning, so: (1) the ultimate water cut concept needs to be qualified, and (2) related to the well spacing size. Moreover, a simple presently-used (WCult) formula derives from other simplifying assumptions ignoring the effects of non-radial inflow, production rate and aquifer size, so: (3) the formula needs to be verified.

The study shows that in multi-well bottom-water reservoirs well production water cut would never stabilize (after initial rapid increase) but would continue increasing at slow rate dependent on the size of well's drainage area, i.e. well spacing size. There is a minimum well spacing size – correlated here with reservoir properties – above which water cut becomes practically stable at the value defined as pseudo WCult. The pseudo WCult formula is developed by considering all previously-ignored effects. Then, the formula is statistically verified in a variety of bottom-water reservoir systems using three-level parametric experimental design and sensitivity analysis of variance. It is found that most of the new physical effects are statistically insignificant so, in practical applications, the pseudo WCult values can be computed from the conventional WCult formula for well spacing greater than the value defined by the minimum well spacing correlation.

The pseudo WCult concept and value has potential practical use for well spacing design in the strong-bottom-water reservoirs with known value of the water cut economic limit, WCec, determined for the breakeven (zero-profit) cost of daily production. When the WC economic margin (WCec – WCult) is large, well spacing has little effect on the final recovery (when water cut becomes equal to WCec). Thus, well spacing could be designed for the same value of recovery by finding optimum number of wells for maximum return on investment using the time-value-of money (NPV) approach. However, when the WC economic margin is small or negative, reservoir development decision should also consider increase of final recovery for smaller well spacing.
O profissional de Educação Física e o meio ambiente: uma experiência de educação ambiental e a melhora da qualidade de vida dos moradores dos centros urbanos
Authors: Pereira Lucinéia Bernardes de Paula , Silva Tiele Rodrigues da , Delbim Lucas Rissetti , Hunger Marcelo Studart , Zavarize Sergio Fernando , Martelli Anderson
Published: September 2016

Nos dias atuais, a preocupação com o meio ambiente está presente na vida de grande parte da população residente nos grandes centros urbanos. O educador físico diante de suas atribuições pode ser considerado um profissional na disseminação de informações que favoreçam a preservação e a responsabilidade compartilhada com o meio ambiente e a educação ambiental no combate de nossos paradigmas quando retratamos a arborização urbana. O presente trabalho descreve uma experiência de educação ambiental desenvolvida por profissionais de Educação Física e o favorecimento da arborização urbana no município de Mogi Guaçu-SP. Apesar da importância, o tema é pouco estudado, servindo como um elo participativo entre o educador físico e a preservação dessa vegetação. Essa vegetação quando bem planejada favorece inúmeros benefícios como controle da poluição do ar, conforto ambiental com redução da temperatura, equilíbrio da umidade no ar, convívio social e a prática de atividades físicas favorecendo a melhoria da qualidade de vida.Descritores: Educação Física e Treinamento; Urbanização; Educação Ambiental.
Mandibular angle fracture due impacted third molar inclusion: case report
Authors: Gaetti Jardim Ellen Cristina , Pereira Cassiano Costa Silva , Garcia Junior Idelmo Rangel , Gaetti-Jardim Junior Elerson , Leite da Silva Julio Cesar
Published: September 2016

Mandibular angle region is enshrined in literature as a fragile area because of the third molar presence further when its impaction shaping up as a rare complication associated with more attempts to extraction of the tooth. Several factors influence the possibility of fracture as gender, age, degree of dental inclusion and presence of associated injuries. The best form of treatment depending on the case is surgical, consisting of placing the intraosseous fixing devices. The purpose of facilitated and a conservative approach for the treatment of fractures of mandibular angle is displayed. Also, demystify the contraindication of intraoral access for cases of unfavorable fractures to displacement. This study, in addition, been reports two clinical cases of mandibular angle fractures in the presence of a third included molar treated by means of intraoral access set by Champy technique of external oblique line with the use of single board in office dental. Results: This approach is well suited to cases with little displacement of the fracture line and when the patient shows collaborator. This technique as well as fast, reduces spending on hospital besides reducing postoperative sequelae because it prevents the need for extra-oral access.Descriptors: Fracture Fixation; Therapeutics; Anesthesia, Local; Molar, Third.
Aspectos epidemiológicos de la sepsis, en unidades de cuidados intensivos Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: Pertuz-Meza Yolima , Perez-Quintero Celenny , Pabón-Varela Yadira
Published: September 2016

Determinar los aspectos epidemiológicos relacionados con sepsis en los pacientes atendidos en las unidades de cuidados intensivos de adultos de Santa Marta. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en el año 2014; muestreo aleatorio simple, en pacientes atendidos en unidades de cuidado intensivo adulto (UCIA) en Santa Marta. Se utilizó una muestra de 100 pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de sepsis, las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, agente causal, principales focos de infección entre otros. Como resultado se encontró que la edad promedio de los casos fue de 63, los principales microorganismos causales fueron las bacterias gram negativas con un 76%, siendo la Echerichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomona aureuginosa y Serratia marcensens las más aisladas, en segundo lugar, las bacterias gram positivas con un 20%, principalmente el Staphylococcus aureus, y por último los hongos con un 4%, siendo Candida albicans y Candida haemulonii las levaduras causantes. Los focos infecciosos más frecuentes son; el abdominal (30%), seguido del tracto urinario (22%) y la piel y tejidos blandos (18%). Se concluye que los principales agentes causales de sepsis son las bacterias gram negativas y el principal foco primario infeccioso es la sepsis de origen abdominal.
Estomatitis aftosa recurrente: reporte de un caso
Authors: Serpa-Romero Xiomara , Guarín-Rodríguez Paula
Published: September 2016

La estomatitis aftosa recurrente es una alteración de la mucosa oral asociada en algunos casos a la depresión del sistema inmunológico, el cual condiciona la respuesta tisular a nivel del epitelio, desencadenando el cuadro clínico repetitivo de ulceras pequeñas y medianas (3-5 mm), las cuales presentan fondo necrótico y bordes eritematosos de una duración no mayor a 15 días. El cuadro se vuelve recidivante, sintomático, comprometiendo la salud del paciente, quien consulta nuevamente con iguales características en cavidad oral. La literatura asociael proceso con cambios hormonales, traumatismo, ingesta prolongada de medicamentos, y estrés.Se presenta un caso clínico en Santa Marta, en el Centro de Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral: paciente femenina de 53 años,quien acude al servicio de estomatología por presentar múltiples aftas orales que dificultan la deglución,marcada sialorrea y estado febril. De acuerdo al interrogatorio y alexamen clínico se asocia con un proceso reactivo inflamatorio producido por la ingesta de medicamentos para tratar un proceso infeccioso o viral, al cual se le da el diagnóstico presuntivo de eritema medicamentoso. Se suspende toda ingesta de medicamentosy se ordenan exámenes complementarios de anticuerpos antinucleares.
Percepción de la calidad de atención recibida por futuros padres en una casa de nacimientos
Authors: Secanilla-Campo Esther
Published: September 2016

La atención a la primera infancia comienza antes de que el bebé haya nacido. En una etapa prenatal, cuanto más seguros, tranquilos y atendidos se sientan las madres y sus parejas, mejor será el proceso de parto, el postparto, la bienvenida y el desarrollo del futuro bebé. El tipo de servicio presentado atiende de una forma integral a la persona, teniendo en cuenta sus necesidades físicas, psicológicas, sociales y educativas. Este artículo aborda la evaluación de la atención profesional recibida en una casa de nacimientos, donde padres y madres deciden dar a luz a su bebé. Son centros de salud de calidad fuera del entorno hospitalario. Así mismo, se ahonda en la figura profesional de las doulas, especialistas formadas que acompañan a la mujer en el periodo primal (gestación, periodo perinatal y primer año de vida del bebé). Para ello, a partir de un registro descriptivo, se ha realizado un análisis de las respuestas de parejas atendidas (n=11) a un cuestionario previamente elaborado, además de realizar un estudio documental. Los resultados recogidos apuntan a la necesidad de diversificar y ofrecer centros de calidad alternativos que ofrezcan así mismo pautas de crianza durante el embarazo y después del parto, así como la necesidad de contar con un acompañamiento profesional durante todo este proceso.
Simulation Model for Improving a Hospital
Authors: Ngowtanasuwan Grit , Ruengtam Porntip
Published: September 2016

This article presents a method for design of improving medical record area in OPD of a governmental hospital case study, Mahasarakham Hospital, Thailand. By using a simulation model which is Petri Nets model for simulating and analysis of coming patients and their relatives in the hospital case study during 6:30-16:00 of the working days. The results found the application was applicable. Recommendations for the design of improving the waiting area case study were discussed and presented in this research.2398-4279 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Out-patient department; medical record; simulation model; petri nets
Acesso à justiça no Brasil: notas sobre o modelo de serviço legal da Defensoria Pública
Authors: Santiago Fernandes Santos Caio
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o atual modelo institucional da Defensoria Pública no Brasil à luz da tipologia dos serviços legais tradicionais e inovadores desenvolvida por Campilongo em 1991. Argumenta-se que o modelo permite o convívio na Defensoria Pública de serviços legais próximos de ambos os tipos, uma vez que atende tanto casos individuais comuns, quanto conflitos coletivos de maior impacto social. Nestes casos, trabalha-se com equipes multidisciplinares, possibilidade de resolução extrajudicial de demandas, e preocupação de capacitação legal dos atendidos. Dessa forma, a Defensoria Pública tende a reproduzir, ao menos em parte, modelo anterior desenvolvido por grupos de Assessoria Jurídica Popular, pioneiros na democratização do acesso à Justiça no Brasil.
O Parque Nacional de Restinga de Jurubatiba: os conflitos socioambientais no bairro Lagomar, município de Macaé-RJ, e a materialização do movimento de injustiça ambiental
Authors: Lima Verdan Rangel Tauã
Published: September 2016

Resumo: O presente artigo tem por escopo examinar as teorias conservacionistas dos parques e unidades de conservação, com enfoque especial no ambientalismo, e sua relação com a população afetada, no Bairro Lagomar, localizado no Município de Macaé-RJ, em decorrência do Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, localizado no litoral dos Municípios de Carapebus, Macaé e Quissamã. Criado em abril de 1998, o Parque tem por objetivo proteger e preservar amostras dos ecossistemas de restinga e possibilitar o desenvolvimento de pesquisa científica e educação. Neste cenário, as criações de unidades de conservação e proteção integral deste tipo estão no centro de uma série de conflitos socioambientais, os quais opõem as comunidades tradicionais e os administradores das unidades de conservação, pesquisadores e conservacionistas. Tal fato decorre da premissa que aludidas unidades segregam comunidades dos ecossistemas que, até então, eram exploradas com relativo equilíbrio, porquanto, no centro desta política, está assentada uma ideologia que compreende a relação homem-natureza como inevitavelmente predatória, não prevendo que formas tradicionais de manejo e exploração dos ecossistemas têm assegurado há séculos, concomitantemente, a preservação das áreas naturais, em especial as áreas costeias, e a subsistência de diversas populações tradicionais. O método empregado na construção do presente foi o hipotético-dedutivo, assentado em revisão bibliográfica e cotejo de dados secundários.
Agricultura familiar na América Latina: a difusão do conceito e a construção de sujeitos políticos
Authors: Perdigão de Castro Luís Felipe
Published: September 2016

O presente artigo analisa a “agricultura familiar” na América Latina, como manifestação dos modos de vida e complexidades da região. Debate-se a categoria como “conceito-síntese” das rupturas e continuidades do Agro latino-americano.
Acesso à justiça e métodos alternativos de resolução de conflito (MARCs) nas varas de família de Maceió/AL
Authors: Krell Olga Jubert Gouveia , Granja Gustavo Borges Pereira , Bispo Mylla Gabriely Araújo
Published: September 2016

O presente estudo problematiza a temática do Acesso à Justiça nas Varas de Família do município de Maceió e aprecia as prováveis razões jurídico-estruturais que limitam uma prestação jurisdicional eficiente. Ademais, aponta alternativas aos meios tradicionais, como a conciliação e a mediação. Para tanto, recorre-se ao referencial norte-americano da Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), fonte teórica em destaque quando da implementação dos Métodos Alternativos de Resolução de Conflitos (MARCs) no Brasil. Por fim, foram investigados, através de dados quantitativos e entrevista, o número de ações que ingressaram nas Varas de Família de Maceió entre 2012 e 2015 e os casos julgados, assim como a aplicabilidade dos meios consensuais perante o Poder Judiciário de Alagoas nesse período.
Etnicidad en clave histórica: Categorías jurídicas coloniales y cultura maya en el siglo XVI
Authors: Cunill Caroline
Published: September 2016

Desde hace algunas décadas el tema de la etnicidad se encuentra en el centro de debates, donde se juega el reconocimiento de un conjunto de derechos para los pueblos indígenas por parte de los Estados nacionales  de los países de América Latina. Esta problemática tuvo eco en la academia, de modo que varios estudios, desde la antropología hasta las ciencias políticas, analizaron tanto los movimientos étnicos como las respuestas que les dieron instituciones y organizaciones, nacionales o internacionales, gubernamentales o extragubernamentales. El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre la posibilidad de proporcionar a estas cuestiones contemporáneas un enfoque histórico sin caer en el anacronismo. A continuación se analizan los procesos que condujeron a la creación de categorías jurídicas que fueron aplicadas a diversas poblaciones indígenas de América por la Corona española en el siglo XVI. También se estudia la manera en que estos pueblos, a su vez, utilizaron estas categorías, las rechazaron o las combinaron con otras para defender sus intereses y situarse en el nuevo orden sociopolítico y simbólico impuesto por la Monarquía hispana. El escrito se enfoca en la población maya de Yucatán y en las respuestas que sus integrantes aportaron a la política imperial a lo largo del primer siglo de colonización.
Las redes personales de los desplazados internos por la violencia política en Colombia. Una aproximación al caso del Departamento del Atlántico
Authors: Ramos-Vidal Ignacio , Holgado Daniel , Maya-Jariego Isidro
Published: September 2016

El desplazamiento forzado en Colombia es un fenómeno que ha modificado la estructura sociodemográfica del país y que se relaciona con las desigualdades sociales (DANE, 2012). En este artículo abordamos el impacto del desplazamiento en la configuración de las redes de apoyo social de la población desplazada. Realizamos un estudio comparativo analizando un grupo de personas desplazadas (n = 30) y no desplazadas (n = 32) en el Departamento del Atlántico de la región Caribe en Colombia. Un análisis de conglomerados, tomando como variables de agrupación los indicadores de cohesión, sirvió para identificar dos tipos de redes personales: 1) las que presentan un nivel intermedio de densidad y niveles moderadamente altos de centralización y 2) otras con niveles altos de densidad y bajos en centralización. Ambas categorías se distribuyen de forma parecida entre el colectivo de desplazados y el resto de la población. Sin embargo, las redes personales de los desplazados cuentan en su composición con una proporción mayor de personas residentes fuera de Barranquilla. La disponibilidad de recursos de capital social es menor en las redes de tipo más denso y entre los desplazados que llevan menos de cinco años residiendo en Barranquilla.
La tensión entre instrucción y socialización en las prácticas de enseñanza de primaria de Quebec: ¿hacia una deriva terapéutica?
Authors: Lenoir Yves
Published: September 2016

Basándose en los resultados de recientes investigaciones, el texto pone en evidencia la existencia de una importante tensión entre las funciones de instrucción y socialización en las prácticas de enseñanza de los maestros de primaria de Quebec. El autor argumenta que esta tensión conduce a la minimización de la importancia de la transmisión de conocimientos (saberes) a los alumnos y a una sobrevaloración de la función de socialización, entendiendo a ésta como un proceso terapéutico, y levantando de paso varias interrogantes acerca de las finalidades y de la ética de una orientación de este tipo.
Benign paroxysmal torticollis in infancy – diagnostic error possibility
Authors: Zlatanovic Dragan , Dimitrijevic Lidija , Stankovic Anita , Balov Biljana
Published: September 2016

Background/Aim. Benign paroxysmal torticollis (BPT) is a rare paroxysmal dyskinesia characterized by attacks of head tilt alone or tilt accompanied by vomiting and ataxia, which may last hours to days. It is claimed that BPT disappears completely in childhood, but that it can evolve into other conditions, such as benign paroxysmal vertigo, cyclical vomiting syndrome, abdominal migraine, hemiplegic migraine, motion sickness and/or migraine with aura. The aim of this manuscript was to renew focus on benign paroxysmal torticollis because the disorder is almost always under-recognized by pediatric practitioners, who often order extensive and unrewarding testing and physiotherapy treatment. Methods. Twelve BPT cases observed during a 5-year period (2009?2014) at the Clinical Centre Nis, Nis, Serbia were reviewed. Data were collected on the features of torticollis, the age of onset, the duration of episodes, associated symptoms, the frequency of episodes, the persistence of symptoms over time, the age when the disorder finally disappeared, sequelae appearing after the 5th birthday, and family history of BPT, migraine or kinetosis. All the children were followed for periods ranging from 48 to 72 months. Results. The series included 6 females and 6 males. The age at onset of BPT was less than 8 months in 84% of the cases. Episodes of torticollis occurred suddenly on waking in all the cases without any trigger factors. The duration of torticollis ranged from a few hours to a few weeks. In 58% of cases, the condition persisted for more than one week. The frequency of the episodes ranged from once every 3 days to once every 25 days. The episodes were more frequent and lasted longer in the early months and tended to cease as the child became older. The age when episodes ended ranged from 11 months to 62 months. In 11 (91.66%) cases, the disorder disappeared before the patient's 5th birthday. No patient had a family history of BPT. In 6 cases, family members had kinetosis. In 5 cases, family members were positive for both migraine and kinetosis. All the children had normal motor development and normal speech and language development. After the disappearance of BPT, two children developed other forms of periodic syndromes: one boy had migraine with aura, and one girl experienced cyclic vomiting. Conclusion. BPT is probably an age-sensitive and migraine-related disorder that is benign in nature. The disorder is often misinterpreted, and children may pointlessly undergo numerous tests. Therefore, it is very important to recognize and observe this condition in order to avoid extensive, unnecessary and unpleasant procedures on the child.
Advanced Glycation End Products Predict Loss of Renal Function and Correlate With Lesions of Diabetic Kidney Disease in American Indians With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Saulnier Pierre-Jean , Wheelock Kevin M. , Howell Scott , Weil E. Jennifer , Tanamas Stephanie K. , Knowler William C. , Lemley Kevin V. , Mauer Michael , Yee Berne , Nelson Robert G. , Beisswenger Paul J.
Published: September 2016

We examined associations of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with renal function loss (RFL) and its structural determinants in American Indians with type 2 diabetes. Data were from a 6-year clinical trial that assessed renoprotective efficacy of losartan. Participants remained under observation after the trial concluded. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured annually. Kidney biopsies were performed at the end of the trial. Five AGEs were measured in serum collected at enrollment and at kidney biopsy. RFL was defined as ≥40% decline of measured GFR from baseline. Of 168 participants (mean baseline age 41 years, HbA1c 9.2%, GFR 164 mL/min, and albumin-to-creatinine ratio 31 mg/g), 104 reached the RFL end point during median follow-up of 8.0 years. After multivariable adjustment, each doubling of carboxyethyl lysine (hazard ratio [HR] 1.60 [95% CI 1.08–2.37]) or methylglyoxal hydroimidazolone (HR 1.30 [95% CI 1.02–1.65]) concentration was associated with RFL. Carboxyethyl lysine, carboxymethyl lysine, and methylglyoxal hydroimidazolone correlated positively with cortical interstitial fractional volume (partial r = 0.23, P = 0.03; partial r = 0.25, P = 0.02; and partial r = 0.31, P = 0.003, respectively). Glyoxyl hydroimidazolone and methylglyoxal hydroimidazolone correlated negatively with total filtration surface per glomerulus (partial r = −0.26, P = 0.01; and partial r = −0.21, P = 0.046, respectively). AGEs improve prediction of RFL and its major structural correlates.
Clinical Reasoning: Survey of Teaching Methods, Integration, and Assessment in Entry-Level Physical Therapist Academic Education
Authors: Christensen Nicole , Black Lisa , Furze Jennifer , Huhn Karen , Vendrely Ann , Wainwright Susan
Published: September 2016

Background

Although clinical reasoning abilities are important learning outcomes of physical therapist entry-level education, best practice standards have not been established to guide clinical reasoning curricular design and learning assessment.

Objective

This research explored how clinical reasoning is currently defined, taught, and assessed in physical therapist entry-level education programs.

Design

A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was administered to physical therapist program representatives.

Methods

An electronic 24-question survey was distributed to the directors of 207 programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy Education. Descriptive statistical analysis and qualitative content analysis were performed. Post hoc demographic and wave analyses revealed no evidence of nonresponse bias.

Results

A response rate of 46.4% (n=96) was achieved. All respondents reported that their programs incorporated clinical reasoning into their curricula. Only 25% of respondents reported a common definition of clinical reasoning in their programs. Most respondents (90.6%) reported that clinical reasoning was explicit in their curricula, and 94.8% indicated that multiple methods of curricular integration were used. Instructor-designed materials were most commonly used to teach clinical reasoning (83.3%). Assessment of clinical reasoning included practical examinations (99%), clinical coursework (94.8%), written examinations (87.5%), and written assignments (83.3%). Curricular integration of clinical reasoning–related self-reflection skills was reported by 91%.

Limitations

A large number of incomplete surveys affected the response rate, and the program directors to whom the survey was sent may not have consulted the faculty members who were most knowledgeable about clinical reasoning in their curricula. The survey construction limited some responses and application of the results.

Conclusions

Although clinical reasoning was explicitly integrated into program curricula, it was not consistently defined, taught, or assessed within or between the programs surveyed—resulting in significant variability in clinical reasoning education. These findings support the need for the development of best educational practices for clinical reasoning curricula and learning assessment.
Conflict Management between the State and the People: A Case of Power Plant in Thailand
Authors: Kesarat Chaiya , Rinthaisong Idsaratt
Published: September 2016

The purposes of the study were: 1) to study situation of conflict between the state and the people on the power plant project; 2) to seek causes of conflict between the state and the people; and 3) to offer guidelines to conflict management between the state and the people. A qualitative methodology was used in this study. Key informants were residents living around the project, and a semi-structured interview instrument was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 12 key informants. Results of the study revealed that the current conflicts resulted from the irrationality of the benefits that people obtained from the project, and the environmental, societal and cultural issues. Besides, the conflict in the community is caused by interference of third parties/actors. The causes of the conflict are rooted in three aspects: firstly, the structural bureaucracy; secondly, the attitude and performance of government officials; and finally, the lack of participation of the people. The guidelines to conflict management are divided into two groups: the first group is guideline for the management of within the bureaucracy; the second group is guidelines for the management of relationships between the state and the people in the area.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 214-221
Intraoperative image updating for brain shift following dural opening
Authors: Fan Xiaoyao , Roberts David W. , Schaewe Timothy J. , Ji Songbai , Holton Leslie H. , Simon David A. , Paulsen Keith D.
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE

Preoperative magnetic resonance images (pMR) are typically coregistered to provide intraoperative navigation, the accuracy of which can be significantly compromised by brain deformation. In this study, the authors generated updated MR images (uMR) in the operating room (OR) to compensate for brain shift due to dural opening, and evaluated the accuracy and computational efficiency of the process.

METHODS

In 20 open cranial neurosurgical cases, a pair of intraoperative stereovision (iSV) images was acquired after dural opening to reconstruct a 3D profile of the exposed cortical surface. The iSV surface was registered with pMR to detect cortical displacements that were assimilated by a biomechanical model to estimate whole-brain nonrigid deformation and produce uMR in the OR. The uMR views were displayed on a commercial navigation system and compared side by side with the corresponding coregistered pMR. A tracked stylus was used to acquire coordinate locations of features on the cortical surface that served as independent positions for calculating target registration errors (TREs) for the coregistered uMR and pMR image volumes.

RESULTS

The uMR views were visually more accurate and well aligned with the iSV surface in terms of both geometry and texture compared with pMR where misalignment was evident. The average misfit between model estimates and measured displacements was 1.80 ± 0.35 mm, compared with the average initial misfit of 7.10 ± 2.78 mm between iSV and pMR, and the average TRE was 1.60 ± 0.43 mm across the 20 patients in the uMR image volume, compared with 7.31 ± 2.82 mm on average in the pMR cases. The iSV also proved to be accurate with an average error of 1.20 ± 0.37 mm. The overall computational time required to generate the uMR views was 7–8 minutes.

CONCLUSIONS

This study compensated for brain deformation caused by intraoperative dural opening using computational model–based assimilation of iSV cortical surface displacements. The uMR proved to be more accurate in terms of model-data misfit and TRE in the 20 patient cases evaluated relative to pMR. The computational time was acceptable (7–8 minutes) and the process caused minimal interruption of surgical workflow.