bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Effects Between Nalbuphine and Fentanyl in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study
Authors: Chen Fang , Wang Cheng-Yu , Zhang Jianmin , Wang Fang , Zhang Mazhong , Gu Hongbin , Song Xingrong , Chen Jia , Li Yang , Cai Yu-Hang , Li Jun , Lian Qing-Quan , Wu Junzheng , Liu Hua-Cheng
Published: December 2020

Objective: There is no universal agreement on optimal pharmacological regimens for pain management during surgeries. The aim of this study to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of nalbuphine with fentanyl in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy.

Design, Setting, Participants: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority and multicenter trial in 311 patients admitted to four different medical facilities in China from October 2017 to November 2018.

Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome was postoperative pain score. The secondary outcomes were as follows: the numbers of patients who developed moderate or severe pain (FLACC ≥4 points); time to first rescue analgesic top up and the actual number of rescue pain medicine given in pain control in post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), and additional analgesics requirement (received ≥2 rescue analgesics or/and other analgesics except study medications administered in PACU and ward); emergence and extubation time; Waking up time; time of PACU stay, and other side effects (desaturation, nausea/vomiting etc.).

Results: A total of 356 children were screened and 322 patients were randomized. The mean age was 5.8 (5.5, 6.1) in the nalbuphine group and 5.6 (5.3, 5.8) in the fentanyl group (p = 0.2132). FLACC score of nalbuphine group was lower than that of fentanyl group upon patients' arrival at PACU (p < 0.05). The time to first required rescue dose of pain drug for nalbuphine group was longer than for the fentanyl group (2.5 vs 1.2 h, p < 0.0001). Only one patient (0.6%) in nalbuphine group presented a slow respiratory rate (RR) at 9/min while 29 patients (18.5%) in fentanyl group developed slow RR ≤10/min in PACU. Meanwhile, SpO2 was lower in the fentanyl group at 10 min after patients’ arrival in PACU (p < 0.05). The other profiles observed from these two drug groups were similar.

Conclusion: Nalbuphine provided better pain relief with minimal respiration depression than fentanyl in children undergoing Adenotonsillectomy.
Exploration the Mechanism of Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure in Rats by Integration of Proteomics and Metabolomics Data
Authors: Yuan Yu , Fan Simiao , Shu Lexin , Huang Wei , Xie Lijuan , Bi Chenghao , Yu Hongxin , Wang Yuming , Li Yubo
Published: December 2020

Heart failure is a common systemic disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used anthracycline broad-spectrum antitumor antibiotic with strong antitumor effect and definite curative effect. However, cardiotoxicity is the adverse reaction of drug dose cumulative toxicity, but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, proteomics and metabonomics techniques were used to analyze the tissue and plasma of DOX-induced heart failure (HF) in rats and to clarify the molecular mechanism of the harmful effects of DOX on cardiac metabolism and function in rats from a new point of view. The results showed that a total of 278 proteins with significant changes were identified by quantitative proteomic analysis, of which 118 proteins were significantly upregulated and 160 proteins were significantly downregulated in myocardial tissue. In the metabonomic analysis, 21 biomarkers such as L-octanoylcarnitine, alpha-ketoglutarate, glutamine, creatine, and sphingosine were detected. Correlation analysis showed that DOX-induced HF mainly affected phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and other metabolic pathways, suggesting abnormal amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerol phospholipid metabolism. It is worth noting that we have found the key upstream target of DOX-induced HF, PTP1B, which inhibits the expression of HIF-1α by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRS, leading to disorders of fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis, which together with the decrease of Nrf2, SOD, Cytc, and AK4 proteins lead to oxidative stress. Therefore, we think that PTP1B may play an important role in the development of heart failure induced by doxorubicin and can be used as a potential target for the treatment of heart failure.
Quantitative Trait Locus (QTLs) Mapping for Quality Traits of Wheat Based on High Density Genetic Map Combined With Bulked Segregant Analysis RNA-seq (BSR-Seq) Indicates That the Basic 7S Globulin Gene Is Related to Falling Number
Authors: Li Qiao , Pan Zhifen , Gao Yuan , Li Tao , Liang Junjun , Zhang Zijin , Zhang Haili , Deng Guangbing , Long Hai , Yu Maoqun
Published: December 2020

Numerous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified for wheat quality; however, most are confined to low-density genetic maps. In this study, based on specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq), a high-density genetic map was constructed with 193 recombinant inbred lines derived from Chuanmai 42 and Chuanmai 39. In total, 30 QTLs with phenotypic variance explained (PVE) up to 47.99% were identified for falling number (FN), grain protein content (GPC), grain hardness (GH), and starch pasting properties across three environments. Five NAM genes closely adjacent to QGPC.cib-4A probably have effects on GPC. QGH.cib-5D was the only one detected for GH with high PVE of 33.31–47.99% across the three environments and was assumed to be related to the nearest pina-D1 and pinb-D1genes. Three QTLs were identified for FN in at least two environments, of which QFN.cib-3D had relatively higher PVE of 16.58–25.74%. The positive effect of QFN.cib-3D for high FN was verified in a double-haploid population derived from Chuanmai 42 × Kechengmai 4. The combination of these QTLs has a considerable effect on increasing FN. The transcript levels of Basic 7S globulin and Basic 7S globulin 2 in QFN.cib-3D were significantly different between low FN and high FN bulks, as observed through bulk segregant RNA-seq (BSR). These QTLs and candidate genes based on the high-density genetic map would be beneficial for further understanding of the genetic mechanism of quality traits and molecular breeding of wheat.
COVID-19 Crisis and Labor Migration Policy: A Perspective From Estonia
Authors: Jakobson Mari-Liis , Kalev Leif
Published: December 2020

Crises can function as catalysts for policy change, but change depends on multiple factors such as the actual content of the event, the agenda-setting power of the advocates of change, and their abilities to foster advocacy coalitions and break up policy monopolies. The COVID-19 crisis is an event that halted virtually all movement, including labor migration across the world, thus having great potential to act as a major focusing event. This article will look into the possibilities of this crisis to induce permanent labor migration policy change based on the case of Estonia. The article thus contributes to the literature on migration policy change from the Central and East European perspective.
Applying Q-Methodology to Investigate People’ Preferences for Multivariate Stimuli
Authors: Gao Jie , Soranzo Alessandro
Published: December 2020

This article serves as a step-by-step guide of a new application of Q-methodology to investigate people’s preferences for multivariate stimuli. Q-methodology has been widely applied in fields such as sociology, education and political sciences but, despite its numerous advantages, it has not yet gained much attention from experimental psychologists. This may be due to the fact that psychologists examining preferences, often adopt stimuli resulting from a combination of characteristics from multiple variables, and in repeated measure designs. At present, Q methodology has not been adapted to accommodate. We therefore developed a novel analysis procedure allowing Q-methodology to handle these conditions. We propose a protocol requiring five analyses of a decision process to estimate: (1) the preference of stimuli, (2) the dominance of variables, (3) the individual differences, (4) the interaction between individual differences and preference, and (5) the interaction between individual differences and dominance. The guide comes with a script developed in R (R Core Team, 2020) to run the five analyses; furthermore, we provide a case study with a detailed description of the procedure and corresponding results. This guide is particularly beneficial to conduct and analyze experiments in any research on people’s preferences, such as experimental aesthetics, prototype testing, visual perception (e.g., judgments of similarity/dissimilarity to a model), etc.
Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observational Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions in Singles Badminton
Authors: Torres-Luque Gema , Blanca-Torres Juan Carlos , Giménez-Egido José María , Cabello-Manrique David , Ortega-Toro Enrique
Published: December 2020

Technical and tactical actions are decisive in terms of badminton player competitive performance. The main objective of this research was to design, validate, and estimate the reliability of an observational instrument for the analysis of the tactical and technical actions in individual badminton. The process was carried out in four different steps: first, there was a review of the scientific literature and a preliminary list of variables was made; second, a qualitative and quantitative assessment was completed by 10 badminton expert judges; in the third step, the content validity was estimated using Aiken’s V coefficient; finally, intra-observer reliability and interobserver reliability were tested by two observers specialized in badminton using the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Strokes were used as the unit of measure by our observational instrument; every time badminton players hit the shuttlecock, 22 variables (eight contextual variables, seven variables related to the result of the match, and seven variables related to the game) are observed. The minimum Aiken’s value was 0.58, and reliability was 0.63. In spite of these values, none of the variables had to be removed, but there were modifications in terms of drafting in some of them. The main findings confirmed the validity and the usefulness of this instrument.
The CONSTANCES Cohort Biobank: An Open Tool for Research in Epidemiology and Prevention of Diseases
Authors: Henny J. , Nadif R. , Got S. Le , Lemonnier S. , Ozguler A. , Ruiz F. , Beaumont K. , Brault D. , Sandt E. , Goldberg M. , Zins M.
Published: December 2020

“General-purpose cohorts” in epidemiology and public health are designed to cover a broad scope of determinants and outcomes, in order to answer several research questions, including those not defined at study inception. In this context, the general objective of the CONSTANCES project is to set up a large population-based cohort that will contribute to the development of epidemiological research by hosting ancillary projects on a wide range of scientific domains, and to provide public health information. CONSTANCES was designed as a randomly selected sample of French adults aged 18–69 years at study inception; 202,045 subjects were included over an 8-year period. At inclusion, the selected participants are invited to attend one of the 24 participating Health Prevention Centers (HPCs) for a comprehensive health examination. The follow-up includes a yearly self-administered questionnaire, and a periodic visit to an HPC. Procedures have been developed to use the national healthcare databases to allow identification and validation of diseases over the follow-up. The biological collection (serum, lithium heparinized plasma, EDTA plasma, urine and buffy coat) began gradually in June 2018. At the end of the inclusions, specimens from 83,000 donors will have been collected. Specimens are collected according to a standardized protocol, identical in all recruitment centers. All operations relating to bio-banking have been entrusted by Inserm to the Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg (IBBL). A quality management system has been put in place. Particular attention has been paid to the traceability of all operations. The nature of the biological samples stored has been deliberately limited due to the economic and organizational constraints of the inclusion centers. Some research works may require specific collection conditions, and can be developed on request for a limited number of subjects and in specially trained centers. The biological specimens that are collected will allow for a large spectrum of biomarkers studies and genetic and epigenetic markers through candidate or agnostic approaches. By linking the extensive data on personal, lifestyle, environmental, occupational and social factors with the biomarker data, the CONSTANCES cohort offers the opportunity to study the interplays between these factors using an integrative approach and state-of-the-art methods.
The Impact of Reviewers' Creditworthiness on Consumers' Purchase Intention in Edge Path: Implications for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Limei Chen , Wei Liu
Published: December 2020

Reviewers' creditworthiness is an important edge clue in the elaboration likelihood model (ELM). This paper takes the online travel booked by consumers as an example and uses the questionnaire data of 417 outbound passengers from Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport. The paper examines the influence of reviewers' creditworthiness on consumer purchase intentions in the edge path through a mediated moderation model. Investigate the mediating role of conformity behavior can influence the reviewers' creditworthiness on purchase. Thus, it examines the moderating effect of consumer involvement. The results show that the degree of consumer involvement moderates the relationship between reviewers' creditworthiness, and the purchase intention is achieved through the mediation of conformity behavior. The higher the degree of consumer involvement, the less impact the reviewers' creditworthiness has on conformity behavior, and the weaker the positive effects of its purchase intention are found. Implications for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era are also discussed.
Why Are Some Children More Easily Frustrated Than Others? Irritability and the Brain
Authors: Blok Elisabet , White Tonya
Published: December 2020

Some children can handle big problems without getting upset, while other children quickly become frustrated or irritable. If we want to understand why some children become more frustrated or irritable than other children, we need to study the brain, because the brain controls behavior. To understand irritability in children, we need to learn about three things. First, we need to know how children recognize the emotions of other people, because if children are not able to understand the emotions of other children, they might get frustrated. Second, we need to learn about how it feels to get a reward, because children who expect a reward, but do not get one, can become frustrated. Finally, we can ask how we can teach children to cope better. Learning about how children’s brains work can help us to understand why some children become frustrated or irritable more quickly than other children.
Case Report: Response to Intra-arterial Cisplatin and Concurrent Radiotherapy Followed by Salvage Surgery in a Patient With Advanced Primary Sinonasal Low-Grade Non-intestinal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tachino Hirohiko , Takakura Hiromasa , Shojaku Hideo , Fujisaka Michiro , Akaogi Katsuichi , Kawabe Hideto , Naruto Norihito , Shojaku Hiroko , Noguchi Kyo , Miwa Shigeharu , Imura Johji , Maeda Yoshinobu
Published: December 2020

Background: The clinical usefulness of concurrent chemoradiotherapy before surgery in the treatment of primary, locally advanced sinonasal low-grade, non-intestinal type adenocarcinoma (LG non-ITAC) is unclear.

Methods: We present the first case report of the efficacy of super-selective intra-arterial cisplatin (CDDP) infusion concurrent with conventional fractionated radiotherapy (RT) for LG non-ITAC in a Japanese patient.

Results: A white, rugged-marginal mass that was histopathologically diagnosed as LG non-ITAC occupied the right nasal cavity. Based on the imaging findings, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography, the tumor was diagnosed as T4aN0M0, stage IVa. After treatment, the nasal tumor disappeared leaving only a small bulge in the medial wall of the middle turbinate. The patient also underwent right transnasal ethmoidectomy performed as salvage surgery. A histopathological examination revealed that the lesion was replaced by granulation tissue with lymphocytic infiltration and hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and no viable tumor cells remained. In the seven years after treatment, the patient has not experienced any local recurrence or regional or distant metastasis.

Conclusions: Super-selective intra-arterial CDDP infusion concurrent with conventional fractionated RT followed by salvage surgery might be useful for the management of sinonasal LG non-ITAC.
Recovery of NanoLuc Luciferase-Tagged Canine Distemper Virus for Facilitating Rapid Screening of Antivirals in vitro
Authors: Liu Fuxiao , Wang Qianqian , Huang Yilan , Wang Ning , Zhang Youming , Shan Hu
Published: December 2020

Canine distemper virus (CDV), belonging to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae, is a highly contagious pathogen, affecting various domestic, and wild carnivores. Conventional methods are too cumbersome to be used for high-throughput screening of anti-CDV drugs. In this study, a recombinant CDV was rescued using reverse genetics for facilitating screening of anti-CDV drug in vitro. The recombinant CDV could stably express the NanoLuc® luciferase (NLuc), a novel enzyme that was smaller and “brighter” than others. The intensity of NLuc-catalyzed luminescence reaction indirectly reflected the anti-CDV effect of a certain drug, due to a positive correlation between NLuc expression and virus propagation in vitro. Based on such a characteristic feature, the recombinant CDV was used for anti-CDV assays on four drugs (ribavirin, moroxydine hydrochloride, 1-adamantylamine hydrochloride, and tea polyphenol) via analysis of luciferase activity, instead of via conventional methods. The result showed that out of these four drugs, only the ribavirin exhibited a detectable anti-CDV effect. The NLuc-tagged CDV would be a rapid tool for high-throughput screening of anti-CDV drugs.
Potential of the Electronic Nose for the Detection of Respiratory Diseases with and without Infection
Authors: Licht Johann-Christoph , Grasemann Hartmut
Published: December 2020

Respiratory tract infections are common, and when affecting the lower airways and lungs, can result in significant morbidity and mortality. There is an unfilled need for simple, non-invasive tools that can be used to screen for such infections at the clinical point of care. The electronic nose (eNose) is a novel technology that detects volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Early studies have shown that certain diseases and infections can result in characteristic changes in VOC profiles in the exhaled breath. This review summarizes current knowledge on breath analysis by the electronic nose and its potential for the detection of respiratory diseases with and without infection.
Land Subsidence Prediction Induced by Multiple Factors Using Machine Learning Method
Authors: Shi Liyuan , Gong Huili , Chen Beibei , Zhou Chaofan
Published: December 2020

In the Beijing Plain, land subsidence is one of the most prominent geological problems, which is affected by multiple factors. Groundwater exploitation, thickness of the Quaternary deposit and urban development and construction are important factors affecting the formation and development of land subsidence. Here we choose groundwater level change, thickness of the Quaternary deposit and index-based built-up index (IBI) as influencing factors, and we use the influence factors to predict the subsidence amount in the Beijing Plain. The Sentinel-1 radar images and the persistent scatters interferometry (PSI) were adopted to obtain the information of land subsidence. By using Google Earth Engine platform and Landsat8 optical images, IBI was extracted. Groundwater level change and thickness of the Quaternary deposit were obtained from hydrogeological data. Machine learning algorithms Linear Regression and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to investigate the relationship between land subsidence and influencing factors. Based on the results obtained by Linear Regression and PCA, a suitable machine learning algorithm was selected to predict the subsidence amount in the Beijing Plain in 2018 through influencing factors. In this study, we found that the maximum subsidence rate in the Beijing Plain had reached 115.96 mm/y from 2016 to 2018. The land subsidence was serious in eastern Chaoyang and northwestern Tongzhou. In addition, the area where thickness of the Quaternary deposit reached 150–200 m was prone to more serious land subsidence in the Beijing Plain. In groundwater exploitation, the second confined aquifer had the greatest impact on land subsidence. Through Linear Regression and PCA, we found that the relationship between land subsidence and influencing factors was nonlinear. XGBoost was feasible to predict subsidence amount. The prediction accuracy of XGBoost on the subsidence amount reached 0.9431, and the mean square error was controlled at 15.97. By using XGBoost to predict the subsidence amount, our research provides a new idea for land subsidence prediction.
La necesidad de una democracia ambiental en América Latina: el Acuerdo de Escazú
Authors: Nalegach Constance , Astroza Paulina
Published: December 2020

El Acuerdo Regional sobre Acceso a la Información, la Participación Pública y el Acceso a la Justicia en Asuntos Ambientales en América Latina y el Caribe (Acuerdo de Escazú) entrará en vigor en 2021, luego de lograr la ratificación en 11 países. Se trata del primer tratado ambiental de la región, donde considera el mayor avance en materia de democracia ambiental. El presente documento de trabajo aborda el contexto internacional que caracteriza en la actualidad a América Latina y se centra, posteriormente, en las motivaciones, etapas y características de la negociación de este instrumento vinculante. Asimismo, el texto desarrolla el sentido y alcance de las disposiciones principales del Acuerdo, resaltando su carácter de tratado medioambiental y de derechos humanos. Además, se presenta el estado actual del tratado y los próximos pasos a dar. Finalmente, se tratan los principales argumentos políticos esgrimidos por ciertos actores para cuestionar el Acuerdo de Escazú.
Effect of the OPTIMAL programme on self-management of multimorbidity in primary care: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: O’Toole Lynn , Connolly Deidre , Boland Fiona , Smith Susan M
Published: December 2020

Background

Effective primary care interventions for multimorbidity are needed.

Aim

To evaluate the effectiveness of a group-based, 6-week, occupational therapy-led self-management support programme (OPTIMAL) for patients with multimorbidity.

Design and setting

A pragmatic parallel randomised controlled trial across eight primary care teams in Eastern Ireland with 149 patients with multimorbidity, from November 2015 to December 2018. Intervention was OPTIMAL with a usual care comparison.

Method

Primary outcomes were health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-3L) and frequency of activity participation (Frenchay Activities Index [FAI]). Secondary outcomes included independence in activities of daily living, occupational performance and satisfaction, anxiety and depression, self-efficacy, and healthcare utilisation. Complete case linear regression analyses were conducted. Age (<65/≥65 years) and the number of chronic conditions (<4/≥4) were explored further.

Results

A total of 124 (83.2%) and 121 (81.2%) participants had complete data at immediate and 6-month post-intervention follow-up, respectively. Intervention participants had significant improvement in EQ-VAS (visual analogue scale) at immediate follow-up (adjusted mean difference [aMD] = 7.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92 to 14.80) but no difference in index score (aMD = 0.04; 95% CI = −0.06 to 0.13) or FAI (aMD = 1.22; 95% CI = −0.84 to 3.29). At 6-month follow-up there were no differences in primary outcomes and mixed results for secondary outcomes. Pre-planned subgroup analyses suggested participants aged <65 years were more likely to benefit.

Conclusion

OPTIMAL was found to be ineffective in improving health-related quality of life or activity participation at 6-month follow-up. Existing multimorbidity interventions tend to focus on older adults; preplanned subgroup analyses results in the present study suggest that future research should target younger adults (<65 years) with multimorbidity.
Help Rendered by Thozhi for Love Marriage
Authors: R Elavarasu
Published: December 2020

We know that In Sangam Literature Thozhi (A Close Friend of Heroine) played a vital roll in hero and heroine’s life before and after their marriage. The parents have all rights to make arrangement of marriage for their daughter for their own wish. But, once a woman fall in love with a man and she would like to marry that man, in this situation the help rendered by Thozhi is inevitable. This article focuses to research the roll of Thozhi in hero and heroine’s love marriage which have been recorded in Sangam literature. The above said performance of Thozhi reflected her minute knowledge about human life, her fond of love on the heroine and smart action etc., Sangam literature recorded many knowledgeable and important activities of Thozhi. This article is like to reveal the various performances of Thozhi in the love marriage proposal of hero and heroine.
Lucas Sayılarının Max Matrislerde Bir Uygulaması
Authors: AKYÜZ Bahar , BAHŞİ Mustafa
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, L_n; n. Lucas sayısını göstermek üzere C=[L_(k+max⁡(i,j)-1) ]_(i,j=1)^n şeklinde bir Max matrisi tanımladık ve bu matrisin determinant, ters ve norm gibi bazı özelliklerini inceledik. İlk olarak, genel Max matrisi için bilinen sonuçları kullanarak C matrisinin determinantını ve tersini verdik. Daha sonra, C matrisinin Öklid normu için bir eşitlik ve spektral normu için bir üst sınır oluşturduk. Son olarak, C matrisinin Hadamard tersinin determinantını ve tersini hesapladık.
Composicion algal y bioindicadores de calidad de agua. Caso de estudio: Embalse San Roque, Córdoba. Argentina
Authors: Daga Inés Claudia , Fernández Belmonte María Cecilia , María Reyna Santiago
Published: December 2020

El embalse San Roque se encuentra a 11 km de la ciudad de Carlos Paz y a 40 de la ciudad de Córdoba y una de las funciones es brindar agua a gran parte de la ciudad y sus alrededores. Debido a que recibe un alto aporte de nutrientes provenientes principalmente de la actividad antrópica constituye un ecosistema favorable para el desarrollo de comunidades algales. El objetivo general del trabajo fue evaluar el estado trófico del embalse a través de índices de eutrofización e indicadores biológicos. Se llevaron a cabo muestreos estacionales desde febrero de 2014 hasta febrero de 2016, en el muro de cierre de embalse y la desembocadura de los tributarios. Se midieron parámetros físicos y químicos y determinaron nutrientes. Se realizó la identificación taxonómica de las especies, se calculó la biomasa fitoplanctónica mediante el biovolumen y clorofila a y se estimó el índice de estado trófico. Se determinaron un total de 204 Taxa. El componente dominante del fitoplancton fue el dinoflagelado Ceratium furcoides y como subdominante la diatomea Aulacoseira granulata. De acuerdo al índice de estado trófico ubicamos al embalse San Roque en estado eutrófico, condiciones indeseables en un ambiente utilizado para provisión de agua potable.
Análisis de las bitácoras del Salón del Nunca Más del municipio de Granada, Antioquia (Colombia) como género discursivo de transmisión y elaboración de un pasado violento
Authors:   , Zuluaga Aristizábal Marda Ucaris
Published: December 2020

En la tesis se analizan los textos escritos plasmados en las bitácoras (cuadernos asociados a víctimas de asesinato o desaparición forzada) del Salón del Nunca Más, espacio de memoria del conflicto armado colombiano instalado en el municipio de Granada Antioquia. Se parte del supuesto que es posible distinguir representaciones y narrativas relacionadas con el conflicto armado, sus actores, sus causas y consecuencias en distintos niveles (personal, familiar, comunitario, social…), así como identificar las funciones simbólicas que les son atribuidas a estas bitácoras que fungen como representación material de seres queridos a los que se ha perdido por efecto de la confrontación armada. Desde el punto de vista de los estudios de la memoria y del discurso, se exploran las características de las bitácoras que autorizan su definición como un género discursivo particular que se inscribe en las formas de transmisión y elaboración de un pasado violento.
Towards certification of new statistics of public interest in France
Authors: Durr Jean-Michel , Roth Nicole
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the analysis and proposal to qualify new statistics of public interest in France. It describes the present situation regarding the qualification of statistics produced independent of the National Statistical System and the challenges related to their emergence, as these statistics may complement and sometimes challenge official statistics. The authors propose a three-tier mechanism; the first level is limited to self-documentation of a statistic based on a predefined template, the second level is the approval of such documentation, and the third level involves the approval of the documentation including the methodology and quality of output.
In memory of Evgeny Leonidovich Tonkov (1940-2014)
Authors: Popova S.N.
Published: December 2020

The volume is dedicated to the memory of Evgeny Leonidovich Tonkov
Chapter 5 - Urban cuisine in Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
Authors: Berton-Ofouémé Yolande
Published: December 2020

This chapter highlights the results of a baseline survey conducted in Brazzaville in 1992-1993 and a follow-up survey in 2018 on changes in food consumption patterns based on meal monitoring and interviews with food consumers, caterers and food processing companies. Trends regarding meals created by city dwellers, meals from other African cities disseminated by immigrants and by the catering industry are also analysed. Urban catering has undergone major changes over the past 25 years, and Congolese city dwellers now have ready access to international meals as well as new locally invented dishes.
Diversité génétique de six populations de Heterobranchus longifilis de Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Gnagra Wognin Marie-Thérèse , Paulin Sokouri Didier , N’gouan Kouassi Cyrille , K Dayo Guiguigbaza , Wongbé Yté , Chia Valentine Yapi-Gnaoré
Published: December 2020

La structuration génétique de Heterobranchus longifilis de côte d’ivoire a été étudiée à travers six populations. L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier une ou des souches d’élevage de Heterobranchus. longifilis en Côte d’Ivoire, en vue de leur valorisation et vulgarisation. Ainsi, 116 échantillons provenant de 4 bassins versants (Agneby, Bandama, Cavally et Sassandra), ont été génotypes à l’aide de 6 marqueurs microsatellites isolés de Clarias gariepinus (Cga01, Cga03, Cga05, Cga06, Cga09 et Cga10). Une grande variabilité génétique intra population a été observée chez les différentes populations de Heterobranchus longifilis étudiées avec une diversité génétique élevée (HS=0,454) et un nombre moyen d’allèles observés de 8 ± 5,90. Sous l’hypothèse de Hardy-Weinberg, toutes les populations de Heterobranchus longifilis ont montré un déficit significatif à la panmixie, à l’exception de celle du Cavally. Les valeurs de FST (0,037 ; 0,078 ; 0,095 et 0,096) ont montré une différenciation génétique modérée entre les populations de Agneby nord, Agneby sud, Bandama et Cavally. Cependant, une forte différentiation génétique a été révélée entre les populations du Sassandra (nord et sud) et celles des autres (Agneby nord, Agneby sud, Bandama et Cavally). Les valeurs des FST se situent entre 0,16 et 0,27. Les regroupements des populations réalisés à partir de la matrice des distances génétiques de Cavalli-Sforza & Edwards ont révélé une faible structuration génétique. Cependant, ces résultats indiquent l’existence de deux groupes bien distincts ; l’un composé de Agneby nord, Agneby sud, Bandama et Cavally et l’autre de Sassandra Nord et Sud.
Potensi Daun Alpukat Sebagai Antibakteri
Authors: Wijaya Irna
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang : Mikroorganisme yang berlebihan dapat mengganggu keseimbangan tubuh dan menyebabkan infeksi. Penyakit infeksi merupakan masalah kesehatan utama yang terjadi di beberapa negara khususnya Indonesia. Antibiotik merupakan obat pilihan utama yang digunakan dalam mengatasi penyakit infeksi. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional dapat menyebabkan masalah resistensi antibiotik. Hal tersebut menyebabkan masyarakat memilih obat alternatif atau tradisional sebagai pengobatan terhadap penyakit infeksi. Salah satu jenis tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai obat tradisional adalah Tanaman Alpukat (Persea americana mill). Bagian tanaman alpukat yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat adalah daun alpukat. Adanya metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid, flavoniod, tanin, dan saponin pada daun alpukat dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri (antibakteri) Tujuan : mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang potensi daun alpukat sebagai antibakteri. Metode : Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah studi literatur dari berbagai jurnal nasional maupun internasional. Metode ini digunakan dengan tujuan menyajikan, menambah pengetahuan dan pemahaman mengenai topik yang dibahas dengan meringkas materi yang telah diterbitkan serta memberikan informasi fakta atau analisis baru dari tinjauan literatur yang relevan kemudian membandingkan hasil tersebut dalam artikel. Hasil : Daun alpukat memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri (antibakteri). Kesimpulan : Daun alpukat (Persea americana mill) memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri. Hal tersebut dikarenakan kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada daun alpukat. Senyawa metabolit sekunder yang memiliki mekanisme untuk menghambat bakteri pada daun alpukat adalah flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin dan quersetin.
Kualitas Pelayanan Kesehatan di Puskesmas Padongko
Authors: M A Pananrangi , Nippi Andi Tenri , Panyyiwi Rahmat , Suprapto Suprapto
Published: December 2020

Abstrak. Latar belakang; semakin meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan haknya dalam memeperoleh pelayanan termasuk pelayanan kesehatan merupakan salah satu indikator positif meningkatnya kesadaran akan pentingnya kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan kesehatan di Puskesmas Padongko Kecamatan Barru Kabupaten Barru. Metode: penelitian ini tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah dekriftif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Untuk data primer sebagai informan adalah: pegawai Puskesmas Padongko, pasien dan tokoh masyarakat.  Sementara data skunder dilakukan melalui penelusuran kepustakaan, jurnal dan karya ilmiah lainnya. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah: wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Kemudian teknik analisis data yaitu; reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun masih kekurangan sarna dan prasarana, namun secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa Puskesmas Padongko sudah menunjukkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan yang cukup baik. Kesimpulan: meskipun masih kekurangan sarana dan prasarana, namun secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa Puskesmas Padongko sudah menunjukkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan yang cukup baik
Pengaruh Personal Hygiene Terhadap Kejadian Penyakit Skabies
Authors: Marga Muhammad Panji
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: Skabies merupakan penyakit kulit yang disebabkan oleh infestasi dan sensitisasi terhadap tungau Sarcoptes scabiei. hominis yang terjadi pada komunitas, kelompok, atau keluarga yang tinggal dihunian padat, ekonomi rendah, dan pengetahuan rendah. Pemeliharaan personal hygiene sangat menentukan status kesehatan, dimana individu secara sadar dan atas inisiatif pribadi menjaga kesehatan dan mencegah terjadinya penyakit. Tujuan: Mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang pengaruh personal hygiene terhadap kejadian penyakit skabies. Metode: Menggunakan studi literatur dari jurnal baik nasional maupun internasioanl dengan cara meringkas topik pembahasan dan membandingkan hasil yang disajikan didalam artikel. Hasil: Ada pengaruh yang bermakna antara kebiasaan personal hygiene dengan kejadian penyakit skabies. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan signifikan antara personal hygiene seseorang dengan kejadian penyakit skabies.
Pengaruh Lidah Buaya Menurunkan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Authors: El Qahar Hezby Aziz
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang: tatalaksana dari diabetes melibatkan pengobatan medis, termasuk farmakoterapi atau obat-obatan anti-diabetic sebagai tatalaksana. Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2. Obat-obatan farmakoterapi dalam penggunaanya sering disertai efek samping pada tubuh manusia, oleh karena itu, berbagai macam pengobatan komplementer diteliti untuk menemukan kandungan yang dapat dijdikan antidiabetes, salah satu fitofarmaka yang diyakini memiliki efek antidiabetes adalah lidah buaya (Aloe vera). Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh lidah buaya (Aloe vera) untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode: Metode yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah studi literatur dari berbagai jurnal nasional maupun internasional. Metode ini digunakan dengan tujuan menyajikan, menambah pengetahuan dan pemahaman mengenai topik yang dibahas dengan meringkas materi yang telah diterbitkan serta memberikan informasi fakta atau analisis baru dari tinjauan literatur yang relevan kemudian membandingkan hasil tersebut dalam artikel. Hasil: lidah buaya memiliki kandungan kimia yang berkhasiat hipoglikemik diantaranya kromium, alprogen, acemannan, antraquinon, phytosterol, serta metanol Kesimpulan: Aloe vera terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada diabetes mellitus tipe 2
Analisis Angka Kejadian Penyakit Infeksi Menular Seksual
Authors: Betan Abubakar , Pannyiwi Rahmat
Published: December 2020

Latar Belakang; Penyakit menular seksual merupakan penyakit yang menular paling umum dan masalah kesehatan yang saat ini banyak menyita perhatian karena angka kejadian PMS cenderung terus meningkat.

Metode; Penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional studi. Analisis data dengan menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariate dengan menggunakan uji statistic chi-square.

Hasil: uji statistik pengetahuan (p = 0,009), perilaku (p = 0,009), dan social ekonomi (p = 0,169) dengan kejadian infeksi menular seksual.

Kesimpulan; terdapat hubungan pengetahuan dan perilaku dan tidak terdapat hubungan social ekonomi dengan kejadian penyakit menular seksual
Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Perilaku Merokok Pada Siswa SMK Negeri Tanjungsari Lampung Selatan
Authors: Umari Zainul , Sani Nopi , Triwahyuni Tusy , Kriswiastiny Rina
Published: December 2020

Merokok merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang masih dilakukan individu dalam segala usia mulai dari anak-anak hingga dewasa dan tidak menutup kemungkinan untuk mereka yang sebelumnya sudah merokok, kemudian merokok kembali, ataupun bagi mereka yang sebelumnya belum pernah mencoba merokok pun menjadi tertarik untuk mencobanya. Perlahan seperti air, mereka selalu memiliki alasan untuk merokok. Prevalensi perokok aktif di Indonesia meningkat sangat cepat. Apabila pemerintah tidak sigap dengan kebijakan yang lebih efektif, diperkirakan pada tahun 2025 jumlah perokok di Indonesia akan bertambah sebanyak 90 juta orang
Potensi Manfaat Kardioprotektif dari Minyak Zaitun
Authors: Mustikyantoro Anisa Prima Justica
Published: December 2020

Penyakit kardiovaskular menjadi penyebab kematian terbanyak di dunia dan dua faktor risiko utama perkembangannya adalah penuaan dan pola makan. Diet memainkan peran penentu dalam pemeliharaan kesehatan dan pencegahan penyakit. Sementara itu, minyak zaitun diketahui dapat memberikan efek menguntungkan pada keadaan hipertensi dan pencegahan penyakit kardiovaskular dengan berbagai komponen penting didalamnya. Terdapat dua jenis minyak zaitun tergantung pada mekanisme produksinya, yaitu minyak zaitun extra virgin (extra virgin olive oil / EVOO) dan minyak zaitun murni (refined olive oil/ ROO). Tujuan dari studi literatur ini adalah untuk menilai hubungan antara asupan minyak zaitun dan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular serta potensi mafaat kardioprotektif dari minyak zaitun. Metode; penelitian ini merupakan literature review yang melibatkan sumber pustaka sebanyak 18 pustaka yang berasal dari 1 jurnal nasional dan 17 jurnal internasional. Hasil. Beberapa penelitian secara signifikan menunjukkan sifat kardioprotektif, antitrombotik dan antiinflamasi dari minyak zaitun baik dari komponen mayor maupun minor minyak zaitun. Kesimpulan. Asupan makanan dengan minyak zaitun secara konsisten dapat memberikan efek kardioprotektif dari berbagai komponen penting didalamnya, sebagai pencegahan penyakit kardiovaskular.
Gangguan Penglihatan Akibat Kelainan Refraksi yang Tidak Dikoreksi
Authors: Dana Made Michael
Published: December 2020

Latar belakang. Kelainan refraksi (RE) merupakan kondisi cacat optik dimana gambar objek yang dilihat tidak sesuai dengan bidang retinal sehingga menyebabkan penglihatan kabur. Kelainan refraksi yang tidak dikoreksi (URE) adalah penyebab utama gangguan penglihatan (VI), juga penyebab kebutaan kedua secara global namun dapat dicegah. Sehingga literatur review ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi penyebab URE, konsekuensi kesehatan yang terkait dengan URE dan mengeksplorasi intervensi untuk pencegahan gangguan penglihatan akibat URE. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah studi literature review dan sumber pustaka yang digunakan melibatkan 18 pustaka yang berasal dari 1 jurnal nasional dan 17 jurnal internasional. Hasil. Beberapa studi menunjukkan peningkatan URE menyebabkan kecacatan yang mengurangi produktivitas, pendapatan ekonomi, dan kualitas hidup individu. Hambatan paling mendasar untuk mengoreksi URE yaitu hambatan ekonomi, akses perawatan kesehatan, dan kendala sosial budaya. Kesimpulan. Kelainan refraksi mencerminkan ketidaksesuaian antara panjang aksial mata dan kekuatan optiknya, sehingga gambar pada retina menjadi kabur. Berbagai hambatan telah dikaitkan dengan tingginya prevalensi URE pada orang dewasa berpenghasilan rendah. Penggunaan kacamata dan program operasi refraksi untuk memperbaiki kelainan refraksi dapat menurunkan angka URE.
Aspirin Dosis Rendah untuk Mencegah Preeklamsia pada Kehamilan
Authors: Berliana Aulia
Published: December 2020

Latar belakang. Hingga saat ini, algoritma skrining yang efektif untuk identifikasi wanita yang berisiko mengalami preeklamsia masih belum ada, sehingga pencegahan preeklamsia merupakan komponen penting dari perawatan prenatal. Sementara itu, pemberian aspirin dosis rendah pada ibu hamil diduga dapat mencegah preeklamsia pada kehamilan Sehingga tujuan dari literature review ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek terapi aspirin untuk mencegah preeklamsia pada kehamilan. Metode. Studi ini merupakan literature review, dengan sumber pustaka yang digunakan melibatkan sebanyak 21 pustaka Hasil. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan  efek terapi aspirin dosis rendah dapat menurunkan perkembangan preeklamsia, mengurangi kejadian kelahiran prematur dan kelahiran bayi kecil untuk usia kehamilan (small for gestational age) secara signifikan.  Kesimpulan. Pengobatan dengan aspirin dosis rendah pada wanita dengan risiko tinggi untuk preeklamsia menghasilkan insiden yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan plasebo.
Gaya Hidup dan Pola Makan Terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi
Authors: Aprillia Yessi
Published: December 2020

Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi merupakan jenis penyakit tidak menular yang bersifat kronis dan dapat menyebabkan komplikasi pada organ tubuh seperti jantung, ginjal, otak dan mata. Hipertensi dapat menimbulkan tekanan darah naik melebihi batas normal. Pada hipertensi tekanan darah sistolik dapat mencapai ≥ 140 mmHg dan tekanan diastolic ≥ mmHg. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui gaya hidup dan pola makan yang dapat digunakan untuk mencegah terjadinya penyakit hipertensi. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu melalui literature review yang berisi uraian mengenai teori, dan hasil penelitian sebelumnya dengan fokus topic yang sesuai dan relevan. Kajian pustaka yang digunakan berjumlah 20 artikel dari tahun 2015 – 2020 dengan pencarian menggunakan 1 database yaitu google scholar. Kata kunci yang digunakan antara lain gaya hidup, pola makan dan hipertensi. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara gaya hidup dan pola makan terhadap kejadian hipertensi.
Faktor Risiko Kejadian Dispepsia
Authors: Herman Herman , Lau Sulfiyana H. Ambo
Published: December 2020

Dispepsia adalah suatu sindrom yang terdiri dari nyeri atau rasa tidak nyaman di ulu hati, kembung, mual, muntah, sendawa, rasa cepat kenyang, perut rasa penuh. Tujuan penilitian mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian dispepsia, dengan jumlah 112 kasus pada bulan April 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Observasional Analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study. Lokasi penelitian berdasarkan Populasi yang ada dilakukan di lingkup wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bira Kota Makassar dengan jumlah sampel 88 responden dari hasil perhitungan menggunakan rumus Slovin. Penarikan sampel menggunakan Purposive Sampling dengan pertimbangan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi sifat populasi. Pengumpulan data Primer menggunakan Kuesioner dengan skala Gutman dan data Sekunder menggunakan referensi terkait kebutuhan masalah yang ditemukan dilokasi penelitian. Hasil statistik menggunakan uji Chi-Square Test berdasarkan data yang ditemukan di lapangan menunjukkan nilai p = 0,003 ≤ 0,05 yang menunjukan ada hubungan signifikan perilaku pengetahuan, p = 0,711 ≥ 0,05 yang menunjukan tidak ada hubungan signifikan pada usia, p = 0,040 ≤ 0,05 yang menunjukan ada hubungan signifikan pola makan dengan faktor risiko kejadian dispepsia. Terdapat dua faktor yang berisiko mempengaruhi kejadian dispepsia yaitu Pengetahuan dan Pola Makan yang tidak teratur
Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Bedak Tabur Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) Sebagai Anti Fungi di Desa Tammatto Kabupaten Bulukumba
Authors: H. Ambo Lau Sulfiyana , Herman Herman
Published: December 2020

Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) adalah tanaman semusim berupa herba dari famili Solanacea yang memiliki banyak manfaat salah satunya sebagai antijamur. Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Bedak Tabur Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) sebagai Anti Fungi. Tujuan mengetahui daun ciplukan memiliki kandungan kimia yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan jamur pada kulit dan dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan bedak tabur. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen laboratorium. Penelitian ini meliputi uji identifikasi senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, steroid, dan tanin. Formulasi bedak tabur yaitu FI (tanpa ekstrak), FII (ekstrak 10%) dan FIII (ekstrak 20%). Uji stabilitas sediaan meliputi uji organoleptis, homogenitas, derajat halus, pH, daya lekat, dan uji hedonik. Hasil dari penelitian identifikasi senyawa positif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Pada uji stabilitas semua formulasi menunjukkan hasil sesuai literatur, uji hedoniknya tidak mengiritasi dan formula FII yang lebih disukai. Kesimpulannya bahwa ekstrak etanol daun ciplukan mengandung senyawa antijamur dan dapat diformulasikan menjadi bedak tabur dengan kestabilan yang baik