bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minhas Majeed Khan, et al. (eds.). China-Pakistan Economic Corridor—A Game Changer. Islamabad, Pakistan: Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI). 2016. iii+164 Pages. Pak Rupees 500.00 (Hardback).
Authors: Saba Anwar  , Malik Adnan Khan  , Azeem Sarwar
Published: September 2018

China-Pakistan Economic Corridor—A Game Changer is a collection of essays, written by experts in the fields of International Relations, Political Economy, Current Affairs, and Sino-Pak relations. The book takes its readers on an exuberant journey through the history of Silk Route to the One Belt, One-Road (OBOR) initiative and the political economy of the Sino-Pakistan relations. The book not only underscores the challenges that lie ahead in making the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) a success, but it also presents suggestions for making it a real game changer for development and prosperity of Pakistan, and the entire region. The book highlights the economic and political importance of CPEC by integrating analysis with the latest data. In the first article, Li Xiguang discusses the importance of the OBOR initiative. He asserts that “opening to both the east and the west”, China will become the centre of Central Asia. The idea of OBOR raised by China would not only achieve economic purposes but cultural, religious, and educational exchanges can also be made possible through this project. Historically, Silk Road had its own influence and it helped in shaping the governance and transportation of even the most distant countries and influenced the culture of even the remotest areas. In the past, the area around the CPEC has seen the ascent of the cultural centres of the world. The CPEC, which encompasses countries including Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Iran has once again put China on the central stage. The author feels that China needs to maintain social relationships and political cooperation with these nations. This initiative is shaping a new world order through common destiny, common interests, values, culture, and security.
EKSISTENSI PURA AGUNG BLAMBANGAN DI BANYUWANGI
Authors: Kriswantoni Sofyan , Soetopo Dhalia , (Prosiding Seminar Nasional FKIP Univeristas PGRI Banyuwangi
Published: September 2018

Pura Agung Blambangan is the most frequently visited temple by Hindus in Banyuwangi and outside the Banyuwangi Regency. Because the Temple has historical links with the last Hindu Kingdom (Blambangan Kingdom). Pura Agung Blambangan apart from being a place of worship is also used as a religious tour for Hindus in particular. The author tries to research and explore by referring to the formulation of the problem, among others: 1) What is the history of Pura Agung Blambangan. 2) How is the existence of Pura Agung Blambangan. 3) What are the impacts of the existence of Pura Agung Blambangan. And 4) How is relevance to education. Data extraction used is descriptive qualitative method with the main source consisting of traditional stakeholders, temple administrators, traders around the temple and the community around the temple. While secondary data is obtained through interviews, observation and documentation.
Cutaneous Manifestations in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis and its Correlation with Renal Function, Dialysis Cycle and Haemoglobin
Authors: Pradhan Manish , Chettri Gaurav , Rai Dipa , Paudel Sagar
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Skin is the mirror of an internal disease, including the renal system. Chronic kidney disease presents with variety of skin diseases, which is caused either by kidney disease or by treatment modalities.Objective: To evaluate the revalence of various skin disease in patients with chronic renal disease and relation of various skin diseases with serum creatinine, blood urea, hemoglobin and number of hemodialysis cycle.Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in hundred patients of either sex, aged 18 years and above; with chronic kidney disease (stage V) admitted for dialysis in Nephrology department of Nobel Medical College and teaching hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. The study groups were evaluated for various skin manifestation and parameters of renal function like blood urea and serum creatinine.Results: Among the total patients (n=100), 84 patients presented with complain of skin manifestation but on detail examination 97 patients had at least one skin disease. The causes leading to chronic kidney disease were found to be hypertension 58%, diabetes mellitus 49%, IgA nephropathy 7%, systemic lupus erythematosus 7% and glomerulonephritis 4%. Xerosis was the commonest skin disease encountered in these patients amounting to 71% among which 43 were hypertensive and 34 were diabetic. Xerosis was followed by pruritus (62%), pallor (54%), mucosal changes (39%), skin infection (36%), hair changes (34%), pigmentation (33%) and nail changes (29%). Serum creatinine showed statistically significant association with pruritus ( =0.030) and  pigmentation ( =0.010), similarly blood urea showed significant association with pruritus ( =0.001). Similarly, number of dialysis cycle showed significant association with pigmentation of skin ( =<0.001).Conclusion: Chronic kidney disease is associated with variety of skin diseases. The commonest were xerosis and pruritus. Early detection and appropriate intervention can relieve and decrease suffering.  BJHS 2018;3(2)6:468-474.
Kühlkanalaustrittsbedingungen bei Bohrern
Authors: Müller Daniel , Kirsch Benjamin , Lange Andreas , Aurich Jan C.
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Die Optimierung der Kühlkanalaustrittsbedingungen bei innengekühlten Bohrern kann die Effizienz der Kühlschmierung steigern. In diesem Beitrag werden der Einflüsse des Kühlkanaldurchmessers, des zweiten Freiwinkels und der Anzahl der Kühlkanäle auf die Effizienz der Kühlschmierung mittels numerischer Simulationen untersucht. Dabei wird gezeigt, dass insbesondere bei geringen Volumenströmen ein Einfluss der Kühlkanalaustrittsbedingungen auf die Kühlschmiereffizienz festgestellt werden kann.
Effizientes Service-Release-Management für KMU
Authors: Kampker Achim , Faulhaber Marcel , Husmann Marco , Schüler Fabian , Jussen Philipp
Published: September 2018

Kurzfassung

Kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) stehen zunehmend vor der Herausforderung, im Wettbewerb immer komplexer und volatiler werdenden Leistungen des After-Sales-Service zu bestehen. Ein Erfolgsfaktor ist die Veränderungsfähigkeit bzw. die stetige Adaption des eigenen Serviceportfolios. Um KMU bei der Identifikation notwendiger Anpassungen ihres Serviceportfolios, bei deren Bündelung, Management und Umsetzung zu unterstützen, wurde das Forschungsprojekt „ReleasePro“ gestartet. Im Zuge dieses Vorhabens erfolgt die Entwicklung eines systematischen Service-Release-Managements für KMU.
Réflexions éthiques et démarche palliative intégrée dans les réanimations pédiatriques françaises en 2017
Authors: de Saint Blanquat L. , Viallard M.-L.
Published: September 2018

En réanimation pédiatrique, 40 % des décès surviennent à la suite d’une décision de limitation ou d’arrêt de traitement (LAT). Ces situations sont sources de questionnements éthiques complexes au sein de l’équipe soignante. La législation française et les recommandations des sociétés savantes donnent un cadre aux réanimateurs pédiatres pour les prises de décisions de LAT. Les enquêtes de pratiques nous montrent qu’ils se sont approprié certains éléments de la procédure collégiale comme la nécessité de la concertation pluriprofessionnelle, l’information et la communication avec les parents. Néanmoins, certains points tels que la présence du consultant, la réalité de la collégialité avec l’expression de toutes les personnes soignantes présentes sont encore insuffisamment appliqués. La place des parents dans les décisions doit être également réfléchie. La collaboration entre les équipes de réanimation pédiatrique et de médecine palliative est une possibilité pour améliorer sensiblement la qualité des soins et de l’accompagnement proposés. Cette collaboration élargit également les possibilités de la réflexion éthique nécessaire dans les situations de fin de vie complexes. L’intégration dans l’enseignement de la réanimation des principes de la médecine palliative est en cours de réflexion.
Mino-Mnaamodzawin
Authors: McGregor Deborah
Published: September 2018

This article explores the potential for advancing environmental justice (EJ) theory and practice through engaging with Indigenous intellectual traditions. When EJ is grounded in Indigenous epistemological and ontological foundations, a distinct EJ framework emerges, leading to a deeper understanding of Indigenous EJ and to a renewed vision for achieving it. I highlight the emergence of the Anishinaabe philosophy referred to as mino-mnaamodzawin (“living well” or “the good life”), common to several Indigenous epistemologies, that considers the critical importance of mutually respectful and beneficial relationships among not only peoples but all our relations (including all living things and many entities not considered by Western society as living, such as water and Earth itself). Mino-mnaamodzawin is suggested as a foundational contributor to a new ethical standard of conduct that will be required if society is to begin engaging in appropriate relationships with all of Creation, thereby establishing a sustainable and just world.
Damaging Environments
Authors: Greaves Wilfrid
Published: September 2018

This article theorizes why Indigenous peoples’ security claims fail to be accepted by government authorities or incorporated into the security policies and practices of settler states. By engaging the concepts of securitization and ontological security, I explain how Indigenous peoples are unable to successfully “speak” security to the state. I argue that nondominant societal groups are unable to gain authoritative acceptance for security issues that challenge the dominant national identity. In effect, indigeneity acts an inhibiting condition for successful securitization because, by identifying the state and dominant society as the source of their insecurity, Indigenous peoples’ security claims challenge the ontological security of settler societies. Given the incommensurability of Indigenous and settler claims to authority over land, and the ontological relationship to land that underpins Indigenous identities and worldviews, the inhibiting condition is especially relevant with respect to security claims based on damage to the natural environment.
Contradictions of Solidarity
Authors: Curnow Joe , Helferty Anjali
Published: September 2018

In this article, we trace the racialized history of the environmental movement in the United States and Canada that has defined the mainstream movement as a default white space. We then interrogate the turn to solidarity as a way to escape/intervene in the racialized and colonial underpinnings of mainstream environmentalism, demonstrating that the practice of solidarity itself depends on these same racial and colonial systems. Given the lack of theorization on solidarity within environmentalism, we draw on examples of solidarity work that bridge place and power and are predicated on disparate social locations, such as in accompaniment or the fair trade movement. We conclude that the contradictions of racialized and colonial solidarity should not preclude settler attempts to engage in solidarity work, but rather become inscribed into environmentalist practices as an ethic of accountability.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM APLIKASI APOTEK MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN BERBASIS OBJEK (Studi Kasus: Apotek Annisa)
Authors: M. Dani, Rd. Riki Rahmi, Hilman, Kelvint,
Published: September 2018

Pada beberapa tahun terakhir, perkembangan teknologi informasi telah membawa dampak disegala bidang, salah satunya di bidang pelayanan kesehatan. Apotek merupakan salah satu jenis usaha  dibidang perobatan yang sangat memerlukan adanya sistem informasi pengolahan data untuk mempermudah dan memperlancar kinerjanya. Sekarang ini, masih banyak penulisan/pencatatan data-data obat pada apotek yang dilakukan secara konvensional. Cukup banyak apotek yang masih  memberdayakan tenaga manusia untuk mengolah data-data yang ada demi memperlancar usahanya. Salah satunya adalah Apotek Annisa. Sistem yang masih digunakan adalah sistem konvensional yaitu melakukan pencatatan, baik itu transaksi penjualan ataupun pembelian barang ke dalam sebuah buku. Karena sistem tersebut, membuat kinerja apotek menjadi kurang efektif dan efisien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat sistem pencatatan obat (pembelian-penjualan) yang bersifat komputerisasi. Manfaatnya adalah agar memudahkan proses pencatatan data obat, baik itu pembelian ataupun penjualan. Dari pembuatan sistem ini, harapannya bisa meringankan tugas pegawai apotek dan membuat kinerja apotek menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien.
PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER SOSIAL SISWA DALAM PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DAN IPS DALAM KONTEKS PERPSPEKTIF GLOBAL
Authors: Tetep Dr
Published: September 2018

The 21st century is a major challenge for thedevelopment of general education in preparing youngpeople in the nation and the wider life without limits.Education became the center of the adjustment ofeach individual role as the public face of the worldtoday. Global perspective becomes an importanteducation is taught by any educational institution inorder to give birth to a generation that is able tocompete in the global life without losing its localcharacteristics. Social character student that growsnaturally in the local life will become a symbol ofstrength and intelligence implementation of localvalues developed in the global life through educationsystem. Civic and social studies education as subjectwhich cannot be relased to the developing andchanges of society. Civic and social studieseducatioan has a major role in bridging of socialcharacter education for the student to be humanize.
Penerapan Teknik Bertanya Dalam Pembelajaran PKn Berbasis Masalah Sosial Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa
Authors: Subarna Endang
Published: September 2018

Mata pelajaran PKn merupakan salah satu bidang sosial yang mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Proses pembelajaran di sekolah dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan seseorang, begitu pula dengan kualitas pelaksanan pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn). Dalam proses belajar mengajar target yang harus dicapai bukan hanya semata-mata tujuan itu tercapai akan tetapi lebih dari itu yaitu membiasakan siswa belajar dengan proses yang baik, yang berkadar aktivitas tinggi yang dapat meningkatkan daya penalaran siswa itu sendiri dan meningkatkan aktivitas siswa dalam belajar. Pembelajaran PKn selama ini cenderung hanya sebatas memberikan kemampuan menghapal tentang konsep saja tetapi pada kenyataannya pelajaran PKn sangat penting dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Rekonstruksi terhadap  pembelajaran PKn yang berorientasi pada masalah-masalah sosial pada dasarnya dilakukan agar materi pelajaran PKn tidak hanya difokuskan pada materi saja tetapi dapat memberikan keterampilan sosial yang diperlukan siswa untuk memecahkan masalah-masalah sosial dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Dalam hal ini teknik bertanya secara kritis ini bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi siswa berfikir kritis dan dapat menemukan masalah-masalah sosial di lingkungan sekitarnya sekaligus menemukan alternatif pemecahannya karena cara bertanya siswa pada umumnya masih dianggap sulit hal ini disebabkan karena pengaruh mental yang mereka miliki dan pengaruh lingkungan sekitar yang mengakibatkan siswa tidak percaya diri dan rangsangan yang diberikan oleh guru masih rendah dalam menumbuhkan keberanian siswa dalam bertanya. Sebagai terapi pembelajaran di kelas maka Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu cara mengatasi kesulitan mengajar guru di kelas. Dalam hal ini Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dimaksudkan untuk memecahkan masalah pembelajaran dan untuk menghasilkan kualitas pembelajaran yang mencakup penyadaran akan nilai-nilai, efektifitas dan kreatifitas peserta didik dalam pembelajaran, sehingga masalah dalam pembelajaran dapat teratasi dengan baik. Dengan teknik bertanya diharapkan dapat menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang terjalin secara interaktif dan edukatif dengan memposisikan siswa sebagai sosok yang penting dalam pembelajaran
Cooperative Three-View Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography for Intraoperative Vascular Evaluation
Authors: Peng Shizhao , Jiang Yuanzhen , Zhang Kailin , Wu Chuanchao , Ai Danni , Yang Jian , Wang Yongtian , Huang Yong
Published: September 2018

Real-time intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of blood vessels after anastomosis operation can provide important information the vessel, such as patency, flow speed, and thrombosis morphology. Due to the strong scattering and absorption effect of blood, normal OCT imaging suffers from the problem of incomplete cross-sectional view of the vessel under investigation when the diameter is large. In this work, we present a novel cooperative three-view imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography system for intraoperative exposed vascular imaging. Two more side views (left view and right view) were realized through a customized sample arm optical design and corresponding mechanical design and fabrication, which could generate cross-sectional images from three circumferential view directions to achieve a larger synthetic field of view (FOV). For each view, the imaging depth was 6.7 mm (in air) and the lateral scanning range was designed to be 3 mm. Therefore, a shared synthetic rectangle FOV of 3 mm × 3 mm was achieved through cooperative three view scanning. This multi-view imaging method can meet the circumferential imaging demands of vessels with an outer diameter less than 3 mm. Both phantom tube and rat vessel imaging confirmed the increased system FOV performance. We believe the intraoperative application of this cooperative three-imaging optical coherence tomography for objective vascular anastomosis evaluation can benefit patient outcomes in the future.
Photonic Crystal Cavity with a Thin Low-Index Layer for Silicon-Compatible Nanolight Source
Authors: Kim Youngsoo , Lee Young Jin , Hong Seokhyeon , Moon Kihwan , Kwon Soon-Hong
Published: September 2018

The development of an efficient silicon-based nanolight source is an important step for silicon-based photonic integrated circuits. We propose a high quality factor photonic crystal nanocavity consisting of silicon and silica, which can be used as a silicon-compatible nanolight source. We show that this cavity can effectively confine lights in a low-index silica layer with a high confinement factor of 0.25, in which rare-earth dopants can be embedded as gain materials. The cavity is optimized to have a high quality factor of 15,000 and a mode volume of 0.01 μm3, while the resonance has a wavelength of 1537 nm. We expect that the high confinement factor in the thin silica layer and the high quality factor of the proposed cavity enable the cavity to be a good candidate for silicon-compatible nanolight sources for use in nanolasers or light-emitting diodes in the telecommunication wavelength region.
High Performance GAA SNWT with a Triangular Cross Section: Simulation and Experiments
Authors: Li Ming , Chen Gong , Huang Ru
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we present a gate-all-around silicon nanowire transistor (GAA SNWT) with a triangular cross section by simulation and experiments. Through the TCAD simulation, it was found that with the same nanowire width, the triangular cross-sectional SNWT was superior to the circular or quadrate one in terms of the subthreshold swing, on/off ratio, and SCE immunity, which resulted from the smallest equivalent distance from the nanowire center to the surface in triangular SNWTs. Following this, we fabricated triangular cross-sectional GAA SNWTs with a nanowire width down to 20 nm by TMAH wet etching. This process featured its self-stopped etching behavior on a silicon (1 1 1) crystal plane, which made the triangular cross section smooth and controllable. The fabricated triangular SNWT showed an excellent performance with a large Ion/Ioff ratio (~107), low SS (85 mV/dec), and preferable DIBL (63 mV/V). Finally, the surface roughness mobility of the fabricated device at a low temperature was also extracted to confirm the benefit of a stable cross section.
Assessment of the Quorum Sensing Inhibition Activity of a Non-Toxic Chitosan in an N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone (AHL)-Based Escherichia coli Biosensor
Authors: Qin Xiaofei , Emich Jana , Goycoolea Francisco M.
Published: September 2018

New approaches to deal with drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria are urgent. We studied the antibacterial effect of chitosans against an Escherichia coli quorum sensing biosensor reporter strain and selected a non-toxic chitosan to evaluate its quorum sensing (QS) inhibition activity and its effect on bacterial aggregation. To this end, chitosans of varying degree of acetylation (DA) (12 to 69%) and molecular weight (Mw) (29 to 288 kDa) were studied. Only chitosans of low DA (~12%) inhibited bacterial growth, regardless of their Mw. A chitosan with medium degree of polymerization (named MDP) DA30, with experimental DA 42% and Mw 115 kDa was selected for further QS inhibition and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging studies. MDP DA30 chitosan exhibited QS inhibition activity in an inverse dose-dependent manner (≤12.5 µg/mL). SEM images revealed that this chitosan, when added at low concentration (≤30.6 µg/mL), induced substantial bacterial aggregation, whereas at high concentration (234.3 µg/mL), it did not. Aggregation explains the QS inhibition activity as the consequence of retardation of the diffusion of N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs).
A Dietary Intervention to Lower Serum Levels of IGF-I in BRCA Mutation Carriers
Authors: Pasanisi Patrizia , Bruno Eleonora , Venturelli Elisabetta , Morelli Daniele , Oliverio Andreina , Baldassari Ivan , Rovera Francesca , Iula Giovanna , Taborelli Monica , Peissel Bernard , Azzollini Jacopo , Manoukian Siranoush
Published: September 2018

Background: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and other markers of insulin resistance (IRm) might influence the penetrance of BRCA gene mutation. In a demonstration project on BRCA mutation carriers we tested the effect of the ‘Mediterranean diet’, with moderate protein restriction, on serum levels of IGF-I and IRm. Methods: BRCA mutation carriers, with or without breast cancer, aged 18–70 years and without metastases were eligible. After the baseline examinations, women were randomized to an active dietary intervention or to a control group. The intervention group attended six full days of life-style intervention activities (cookery classes followed by lunch, sessions of walking for 45 min and nutritional conferences) over the next six months. Results: 213 BRCA mutation carriers completed the six-month study. Women in the intervention group (110) showed major changes in all the parameters under study. They significantly lost weight (p < 0.001), fat mass (p = 0.002), with reduced hip circumference (p = 0.01), triglycerides (p = 0.02) and IGF-I (p = 0.02) compared with controls. They also had a significantly higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFI-BP3) (p = 0.03) and a lower IGF-I/IGFI-BP3 ratio (p = 0.04). The reduction of serum levels of IGF-I was significantly associated with the reduction in the consumption of animal products (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Women in the intervention group showed significant improvements in IGF-I and in other IRm that might influence the penetrance of BRCA mutations.
Value-Added Products from Urea Glycerolysis Using a Heterogeneous Biosolids-Based Catalyst
Authors: Bartoli Mattia , Zhu Chengyong , Chae Michael , Bressler David C.
Published: September 2018

Although thermal hydrolysis of digested biosolids is an extremely promising strategy for wastewater management, the process economics are prohibitive. Here, a biosolids-based material generated through thermal hydrolysis was used as a catalyst for urea glycerolysis performed under several conditions. The catalytic system showed remarkable activity, reaching conversion values of up to 70.8 ± 0.9% after six hours, at 140 °C using a catalyst/glycerol weight ratio of 9% and an air stream to remove NH3 formed during the process. Temperature played the most substantial role among reaction parameters; increasing temperature from 100 °C to 140 °C improved conversion by 35% and glycidol selectivity by 22%. Furthermore, the catalyst retained good activity even after the fourth catalytic run (conversion rate of 56.4 ± 1.3%) with only a slight decrease in glycidol selectivity. Thus, the use of a biosolids-based catalyst may facilitate conversion of various glycerol sources (i.e., byproduct streams from biodiesel production) into value-added products such as glycidol, and may also improve the economic feasibility of using thermal hydrolysis for treatment of biosolids.
Ce and Zr Modified WO3-TiO2 Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx by NH3
Authors: Zhao Wenyi , Li Zhaoqiang , Wang Yan , Fan Rongrong , Zhang Cheng , Wang Yu , Guo Xin , Wang Rong , Zhang Shule
Published: September 2018

A series of Ce and/or Zr modified WO3-TiO2 catalysts were synthesized by the impregnation method, which were employed for NH3-SCR reaction. The T50 contour lines of NOx were used to quickly optimize catalyst composition, the Ce20Zr12.5WTi catalyst was considered to be the optimization result, and also exhibited excellent NH3-SCR activity and thermal stability with broad operation temperature window, which is a very promising catalyst for NOx abatement from diesel engine exhaust. The excellent catalytic performance is associated with the formation of Ce-Zr solid solution. The introduction of Zr to CeWTi catalyst facilitated the redox of Ce4+/Ce3+ and the formation of more acid sites, more Ce3+ ions, more oxygen vacancies, larger quantities of surface adsorbed oxygen species and NH3, which were beneficial for the excellent selective catalytic reduction (SCR) performance.
Application of Mutual Information-Sample Entropy Based MED-ICEEMDAN De-Noising Scheme for Weak Fault Diagnosis of Hoist Bearing
Authors: Yang Fen , Kou Ziming , Wu Juan , Li Tengyu
Published: September 2018

In this paper, a novel weak fault features extraction scheme is proposed to extract weak fault features in head sheave bearings of floor-type multi-rope friction mine hoists in strong noise environments. A mutual information-based sample entropy (MI-SE) is proposed to select the effective intrinsic mode function (IMF). The numerical simulation presented in this paper has demonstrated that the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) has a poor performance on weak signals processing under a strong noise background, and fault features cannot be identified clearly. The de-noised signal is decomposed into several IMFs by the ICEEMDAN method, with the help of the minimum entropy deconvolution (MED), which works as a pre-filter to increase the kurtosis value by about 3.2 times. The envelope spectrum of the effective IMF selected by the MI-SE method shows almost all fault features clearly. An analogous experiment system was built to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme, whose results have also shown that the proposed hybrid scheme has better performance compared with ICEEMDAN or MED on the weak fault features extraction under a strong noise background. This paper provides a novel method to diagnose the weak faults of the slow speed and heavy load rolling bearings in a strong noise environment.
False Sequential Command Attack of Large-Scale Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Xiong Yinqiao , Yang Ziyu , Wang Baoyao , Xun Peng , Deng Tiantian
Published: September 2018

Previous studies have demonstrated that false commands can cause severe damage to large-scale cyber-physical systems (CPSs). We focus on a kind of threat called false sequential command attack, with which attackers can generate false sequential commands, resulting in the illegal control of the physical process. We present a feasible attack model. Attackers delay the disaggregation of former commands by manipulating maliciously sub-controllers. Simultaneously, bad feedback data is injected to defeat the controller to issue latter commands. Thus, false command sequence is executed and the disruption of physical process can be obtained. It is also difficult for the detector to identify such attacks as injecting bad data. We also discuss other possible attack paths and analyze the corresponding disadvantages. Compared with other paths, the proposed model is more feasible and has more difficulties to be detected. A case study is given to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of proposed false sequential command attack model. Finally, we discuss the possible countermeasure.
Distributed Adaptive Primal Algorithm for P2P-ETS over Unreliable Communication Links
Authors: Jogunola Olamide , Adebisi Bamidele , Anoh Kelvin , Ikpehai Augustine , Hammoudeh Mohammad , Harris Georgina , Gacanin Haris
Published: September 2018

Algorithms for distributed coordination and control are increasingly being used in smart grid applications including peer-to-peer energy trading and sharing to improve reliability and efficiency of the power system. However, for realistic deployment of these algorithms, their designs should take into account the suboptimal conditions of the communication network, in particular the communication links that connect the energy trading entities in the energy network. This study proposes a distributed adaptive primal (DAP) routing algorithm to facilitate communication and coordination among proactive prosumers in an energy network over imperfect communication links. The proposed technique employs a multi-commodity flow optimization scheme in its formulation with the objective to minimize both the communication delay and loss of energy transactional messages due to suboptimal network conditions. Taking into account realistic constraints relating to network delay and communication link capacity between the peers, the DAP routing algorithm is used to evaluate network performance using various figures of merit such as probability of signal loss, message delay, congestion and different network topologies. Further, we address the link communication delay problem by redirecting traffic from congested links to less utilized ones. The results show that the proposed routing algorithm is robust to packet loss on the communication links with a 20% reduction in delay compared with hop-by-hop adaptive link state routing algorithm.
A Pressure-Coordinated Control for Vehicle Electro-Hydraulic Braking Systems
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Guangzheng , Zhang Quanrang
Published: September 2018

The characteristics of electro-hydraulic braking systems have a direct influence on the fuel consumption, emissions, brake safety, and ride comfort of hybrid electric vehicles. In order to realize efficient energy recovery for ensuring braking safety and considering that the existing electro-hydraulic braking pressure control systems have control complexity disadvantages and functional limitations, this study considers the front and rear dual-motor-driven hybrid electric vehicle as the prototype and based on antilock brake system (ABS) hardware, proposes a new braking pressure coordinated control system with electro-hydraulic braking function and developed a corresponding control strategy in order to realize efficient energy recovery and ensure braking safety, while considering the disadvantages of control complexity and functional limitations of existing electro-hydraulic system. The system satisfies the pressure coordinated control requirements of conventional braking, regenerative braking, and ABS braking. The vehicle dynamics model based on braking control strategy and pressure coordinated control system is established, and thereafter, the performance simulation of the vehicle-based pressure coordinated control system under typical braking conditions is carried out to validate the performance of the proposed system and control strategy. The simulation results show that the braking energy recovery rates under three different conditions—variable braking intensity, constant braking intensity and integrated braking model—are 66%, 55% and 47%. The battery state of charge (SOC) recovery rates are 0.37%, 0.31% and 0.36%. This proves that the motor can recover the reduced energy of the vehicle during braking and provide an appropriate braking force. It realizes the ABS control function and has good dynamic response and braking pressure control accuracy. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the program which lays the foundation for further design and optimization of the new regenerative braking system.
Shrinkage Cracking of Concrete Slabs-On-Grade: A Numerical Parametric Study
Authors: Tiberti Giuseppe , Mudadu Antonio , Barragan Bryan , Plizzari Giovanni
Published: September 2018

Industrial pavements are thin slabs on a continuous support subjected to restrained shrinkage and loads. The use of fibers as an alternative reinforcement to steel welded wire mesh and rebars is today an extensive practice for the reinforcement of concrete slabs-on-grade. Despite the widespread use of fiber reinforcement, the corresponding benefits in controlling cracking phenomena due to shrinkage are generally not considered in the design process of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) slabs-on-grade. The post-cracking performance provided by glass macro-fibers at low crack openings is particularly convenient in structures with a high degree of redundancy. Referring to service conditions, it is well known that concrete shrinkage as well as thermal effects tend to be the principal reasons for the initial crack formation in slabs-on-grade. A numerical study on the risk of cracking due to shrinkage in ground-supported slabs is presented herein. Special attention is devoted to the evaluation of the beneficial effects of glass fibers in controlling cracking phenomena due to shrinkage. The numerical analyses are carried out on jointless pavements of different sizes. Since shrinkage stresses in slabs-on-grade are considerably influenced by external constraints which limit the contractions, different subgrade conditions have been also considered.
The Global Challenge of Child Injury Prevention
Authors: Sleet David
Published: September 2018

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Short-Term Trend Forecast of Different Traffic Pollutants in Minnesota Based on Spot Velocity Conversion
Authors: Hu Xiaojian , Xu Dan , Wan Qian
Published: September 2018

Because traffic pollution is a global problem, the prediction of traffic emissions and the analysis of their influencing factors is the key to adopting management and control measures to reduce traffic emissions. Hence, the evaluation of the actual level of traffic emissions has gained more interest. The Computer Program to calculate Emissions from Road Transport model (COPERT) is being downloaded by 100 users per month and is being used in a large number of applications. This paper uses this model to calculate short-term vehicle emissions. The difference from the traditional research was that the input velocity parameter was not the empirical value, but through reasonable conversion of the spot velocity at one point, obtained by the roadside detector, which provided new ideas for predicting traffic emissions by the COPERT model. The hybrid Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Model was used to predict spot mean velocity, after converted it to the predicted interval velocity averaged for some period, input the conversion results and other parameters into the COPERT IV model to forecast short-term vehicle emissions. Six common emissions (CO, NOX, CO2, SO2, PM10, NMVOC) of four types of vehicles (PC, LDV, HDV, BUS) were discussed. As a result, PM10 emission estimates increased sharply during late peak hours (from 15:30 p.m.–18:00 p.m.), HDV contributed most of NOX and SO2, accounting for 39% and 45% respectively. Based on this prediction method, the average traffic emissions on the freeway reached a minimum when interval mean velocity reduced to 40 km/h–60 km/h. This paper establishes a bridge between the emissions and velocity of traffic flow and provides new ideas for forecasting traffic emissions. It is further inferred that the implementation of dynamic velocity guidance and vehicle differential management has a controlling effect that improves on road traffic pollution emissions.
Hands-On Experience of Crowdsourcing for Flood Risks. An Android Mobile Application Tested in Frederikssund, Denmark
Authors: Frigerio Simone , Schenato Luca , Bossi Giulia , Mantovani Matteo , Marcato Gianluca , Pasuto Alessandro
Published: September 2018

There is evidence that the toll of death and destruction caused by natural hazards is rising. This is often ascribed to the impact of climate change that resulted in an increased frequency of extreme meteorological events. As a consequence, it is realistic to expect that the casualties and damages caused by floods will increase in the near future. Advanced weather forecast is a fundamental tool to predict the occurrence of floods and structural mitigation measures are crucial for flood protection. However, these strategies should be associate with tools to promote and increase natural-disaster awareness and nonstructural mitigation measures in the exposed population. To bridge this gap, we coupled innovative, ICT-based technologies with crowdsourcing. The idea is to exploit geospatial data gathered by citizens and volunteers with their own devices such as mobile phones to provide authorities with relevant information in case of flood emergencies. This paper describes the design and testing of an Android application named MAppERS (Mobile Applications for Emergency Response and Support), thought to enhance active participation and response of the population in territorial and flood-risk mitigation in Frederikssund, Denmark. The results of the piloting fully validate MAppERS as an effective tool to support the decision-making process during a crisis and to improve the awareness of the community and their disaster resilience.
Key Factors Influencing the Incidence of West Nile Virus in Burleigh County, North Dakota
Authors: Mori Hiroko , Wu Joshua , Ibaraki Motomu , Schwartz Franklin W.
Published: September 2018

The city of Bismarck, North Dakota has one of the highest numbers of West Nile Virus (WNV) cases per population in the U.S. Although the city conducts extensive mosquito surveillance, the mosquito abundance alone may not fully explain the occurrence of WNV. Here, we developed models to predict mosquito abundance and the number of WNV cases, independently, by statistically analyzing the most important climate and virus transmission factors. An analysis with the mosquito model indicated that the mosquito numbers increase during a warm and humid summer or after a severely cold winter. In addition, river flooding decreased the mosquito numbers. The number of WNV cases was best predicted by including the virus transmission rate, the mosquito numbers, and the mosquito feeding pattern. This virus transmission rate is a function of temperature and increases significantly above 20 °C. The correlation coefficients (r) were 0.910 with the mosquito-population model and 0.620 with the disease case model. Our findings confirmed the conclusions of other work on the importance of climatic variables in controlling the mosquito numbers and contributed new insights into disease dynamics, especially in relation to extreme flooding. It also suggested a new prevention strategy of initiating insecticides not only based on mosquito numbers but also 10-day forecasts of unusually hot weather.
Beyond the Antioxidant Activity of Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer: the Modulation of Estrogen Receptors (ERs) Signaling
Authors: Cipolletti Manuela , Solar Fernandez Virginia , Montalesi Emiliano , Marino Maria , Fiocchetti Marco
Published: September 2018

The potential “health benefits” of dietary polyphenols have been ascribed to their direct antioxidant activity and their impact on the regulation of cell and tissue redox balance. However, because of the relative poor bioavailability of many of these compounds, their effects could not be easily explained by the antioxidant action, which may occur only at high circulating and tissue concentrations. Therefore, many efforts have been put forward to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlining the biological effect of polyphenols in physiological and pathological conditions. Polyphenols’ bioavailability, metabolism, and their effects on enzyme, membrane, and/or nuclear receptors and intracellular transduction mechanisms may define the overall impact of these compounds on cancer risk and progression, which is still debated and not yet clarified. Polyphenols are able to bind to estrogen receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ), and therefore induce biological effects in human cells through mimicking or inhibiting the action of endogenous estrogens, even at low concentrations. In this work, the role and effects of food-contained polyphenols in hormone-related cancers will be reviewed, mainly focusing on the different polyphenols’ mechanisms of action with particular attention on their estrogen receptor-based effects, and on the consequences of such processes on tumor progression and development.
Clinicopathologic Features and Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Stage I, High-Risk Histology or High-Grade Endometrial Cancer after Primary Staging Surgery: A Taiwanese Gynecologic Oncology Group Study
Authors: Yen Ming-Shyen , Chen Tze-Ho , Ke Yu-Min , Hsu Keng-Fu , Chen Jen-Ruei , Yu Mu-Hsien , Fu Hung-Chun , Huang Chia-Yen , Chiang An-Jen , Chen Chao-Yu , Hsiao Sheng-Mou , Kan Yuen-Yee , Liu Fu-Shing
Published: September 2018

To investigate the clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in patients with stage I, high-risk endometrial cancer. Patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I, papillary serous, clear cell, or grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma treated between 2000 and 2012 were analyzed for the clinical and pathological factors in relation to prognosis. A total of 267 patients (stage IA; n = 175, stage IB; n = 92) were included. Among the clinicopathological features, stage and age were significant prognostic factors. The recurrence rate and overall survival for stage IB versus IA were 22.8% versus 9.1% (p = 0.003) and 149.7 months versus 201.8 months (p < 0.001), respectively. The patients >60 years of age also had a higher recurrence rate (21.7% versus 9.7%, p = 0.008) and poorer survival (102.0 months versus 196.8 months, p = 0.001) than those ≤60 years of age. Distant recurrence (64.9%) occurred more frequently than local recurrence (24.3%) and local combined with distant recurrence (10.8%) (p < 0.001). The postoperative treatment modality had no impact on tumor recurrence rate, recurrence site, or overall survival. Distant recurrence is a major cause of treatment failure in patients with stage I, high-risk endometrial cancer. However, current adjuvant treatment appeared to have little effect in preventing its occurrence.
Clinical Outcome and Management for Geriatric Traumatic Injury: Analysis of 2688 Cases in the Emergency Department of a Teaching Hospital in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Meng-Yu , Chen Yu-Long , Yiang Giou-Teng , Li Chia-Jung , Lin Amy
Published: September 2018

Geriatric traumatic injuries in emergency departments are frequent and associated with higher mortality rates and catastrophic functional outcomes. Several prediction scores have been established to manage traumatic patients, including the shock index (SI), revised trauma score (RTS), injury severity score (ISS), trauma injury severity score (TRISS), and new injury severity score (NISS). However, it was necessary to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of care for the geriatric traumatic population. In addition, image studies such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging play an important role in early diagnosis and timely intervention. However, few studies focus on this aspect. The association between the benefit of carrying out more image studies and clinical outcomes remains unclear. In this study, we included a total of 2688 traumatic patients and analyzed the clinical outcomes and predicting factors in terms of geriatric trauma via pre-hospital and in-hospital analysis. Our evaluation revealed that a shock index ≥1 may be not a strong predictor of geriatric trauma due to the poor physical response in the aging population. This should be modified in geriatric patients. Other systems, like RTS, ISS, TRISS, and NISS, were significant in terms of predicting the clinical outcome.
Optimal Design of High-Strength Ti‒Al‒V‒Zr Alloys through a Combinatorial Approach
Authors: Wu Di , Tian Yueyan , Zhang Ligang , Wang Zhenyu , Sheng Jinwen , Wang Wanlin , Zhou Kechao , Liu Libin
Published: September 2018

The influence of various Zr contents (0–45 wt.%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti6Al4V alloy was investigated through a combinatorial approach. The diffusion multiples of Ti6Al4V–Ti6Al4V20Fe–Ti6Al4V20Cr–Ti6Al4V20Mo–Ti6Al4V45Zr were manufactured and diffusion-annealed to obtain a large composition space. Scanning electron microscopy, electron probe micro-analysis, and a microhardness system were combined to determine the relationships among the composition, microstructure, and hardness of these alloys. The Ti–6Al–4V–30Zr alloy was found to contain the thinnest α lath and showed peak hardness. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope results indicated that after quenching from the β-field, the metastable α″-phase formed; moreover, at the secondary aging stage, the metastable α″-phase acted as precursor nucleation sites for the stable α-phase. The bulk Ti6Al4V30Zr alloy was manufactured. After aging at 550 °C, the alloy showed excellent balance of strength and ductility, and the tensile strength was 1464 MPa with a moderate elongation (8.3%). As the aging temperature increased, the tensile strength and yield strength of the alloys rose, but the total elongation decreased. The lamella thickness and volume fraction of the α-phase were the major factors that had great impacts on the mechanical properties.
Photoluminescent Eu3+-Doped Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement and Its Mechanical Properties
Authors: Oesterle Annemarie , Boehm Anne V. , Müller Frank A.
Published: September 2018

Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are well-established bone replacement materials that have been used in dentistry and orthopedics for more than 25 years. The monitoring of bone cements and the associated healing processes in the human body is difficult and so far has often been achieved using cytotoxic X-ray contrast agent additives. These additives have a negative effect on the mechanical properties and setting time of the bone cement. In this paper, we present a novel approach to prepare contrastive CPC by the incorporation of luminescent Eu3+-doped hydroxyapatite (Eu:HAp) nanoparticles. Eu-doped CPC (Eu:CPC) exhibited enhanced mechanical properties compared to pure CPC. Furthermore, the red photoluminescence of Eu:CPC may allow the observation of CPC-related healing processes without the use of harmful ionizing radiation.