bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Subject of Accounting: Bookkeeping Women in American Literature, 1885 – 1925
Authors: Brubaker Anne
Published: July 2012

This essay explores the recurring portrait of the bookkeeping woman in the fiction of writers such as Willa Cather, Edna Ferber, Mary Wilkins Freeman, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Frances E. W. Harper, Sinclair Lewis, and Elmer Rice. It explores how the discourse of mathematics offers women a set of skills for navigating emergent economic and professional opportunities and provides a culturally authoritative means of self-advocacy. Focusing particularly on Gilman's What Diantha Did and Ferber's Fanny Herself, the author shows how the quantitative practices of their heroines function both to construct new models of female subjectivity based on rationality and fiscal discipline and to preserve existing racial, ethnic, and class taxonomies. Rather than simply exploring the effects of an increasingly technoscientific culture on literary formations, the author shows how these writers capitalize on the cultural authority of mathematics to enable certain ideological and subjective positions.
Autoimmune hepatitis in an HIV-infected patient: an intriguing association
Authors: Hagel S , Bruns T , Herrmann A , Tannapfel A , Stallmach A
Published: July 2012

Abnormal levels of liver enzymes are common in HIV-infected patients and may be caused by multiple factors, including co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and in the majority of cases by antiretroviral drug-related liver injury. This report, however, describes a patient with HIV infection and abnormal liver function tests where further diagnostics revealed concomitant autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The association of immune dysfunction in patients with HIV infection/AIDS and the development of autoimmune diseases is intriguing. The precise mechanism causing the emergence or unmasking of autoimmune conditions in HIV infection remains unclear, but it is important to demonstrate that autoimmune diseases do occur in HIV-infected patients. Therefore, clinicians should include AIH in the differential diagnosis of increased liver enzymes when there is no improvement despite changing antiretroviral therapy.
Quantitation & Case-Study-Driven Inquiry to Enhance Yeast Fermentation Studies
Authors: Grammer Robert T.
Published: July 2012

We propose a procedure for the assay of fermentation in yeast in microcentrifuge tubes that is simple and rapid, permitting assay replicates, descriptive statistics, and the preparation of line graphs that indicate reproducibility. Using regression and simple derivatives to determine initial velocities, we suggest methods to compare the effects of experimental variables. This technique is straightforward enough to facilitate design of an inquiry lab based on a scenario that explores modifications to enhance the rate of fermentation.
You Sank My…Bacteriophage?
Authors: Bokor Julie
Published: July 2012

Practicing correct pipetting procedure doesn’t have to be boring. “Pipetting by Coordinates” is an effective way to teach necessary pipetting skills in an enjoyable manner. Students create designs as they add volumes of colored water to specific wells and gain experience using a basic biotechnology tool.
Media-Savvy Scientific Literacy: Developing Critical Evaluation Skills by Investigating Scientific Claims
Authors: Brickman Peggy , Gormally Cara , Francom Greg , Jardeleza Sarah E. , Schutte Virginia G.W. , Jordan Carly , Kanizay Lisa
Published: July 2012

Students must learn content knowledge and develop scientific literacy skills to evaluate and use scientific information in real-world situations. Recognizing the accessibility of scientific information to the average citizen, we developed an instructional approach to help students learn how to judge the quality of claims. We describe a project-based applied learning (PAL) approach that utilizes engaging questions about biological issues relevant to students. Working through these projects, students are challenged to evaluate sources of information and communicate their understanding of scientific claims. We discuss challenges that students encounter and offer suggestions for enacting this approach in a general-education college classroom.
Putting Students on the Hot Seat to Stimulate Interest in Biology in Non-Science Majors
Authors: Fowler Samantha R.
Published: July 2012

The Hot Seat is a discussion-based activity that requires students enrolled in a biology course for non-majors to pose a question to the class that is related to the current lecture topic and facilitate a brief class discussion. This paper describes the Hot Seat, how it is assessed, and how it has influenced students’ attitudes toward the course and biology in general. The Hot Seat has been successful in increasing students’ understanding of biology, their appreciation of its relevance to their lives, and in-class participation.
Council of Pediatric Subspecialties (CoPS): The First Five Years
Authors: Mink Richard , Norwood Victoria , Degnon Laura , Harris Christopher E. , Kennedy Chris , Spicer Robert , Coury Daniel , F. Bale James
Published: July 2012

The Council of Pediatric Subspecialties (CoPS) was founded in September 2006 largely due to concerns about the nonuniformity of the fellowship application process. Working with the pediatric subspecialty community, CoPS has been successful in promoting a uniform process with many more pediatric fellowship programs now using a matching program and the Electronic Residency Application Service. More important, the organization has created a bidirectional network of communication among the pediatric subspecialties and has used this to accomplish a great deal more than improving the entry of residents into subspecialty training. CoPS has provided a united voice for the subspecialties in response to the Institute of Medicine’s Duty Hours report, participated in the development of educational conferences geared toward the subspecialist, promoted careers in the subspecialties, and worked with other pediatric organizations to advocate for improved health care for children. This article highlights CoPS’ many achievements and describes the methods it used to accomplish them, illustrating how pediatric subspecialists can develop a communication network and use this to work together to achieve common goals.
Dental Composite Restorations and Psychosocial Function in Children
Authors: Maserejian Nancy N. , Trachtenberg Felicia L. , Hauser Russ , McKinlay Sonja , Shrader Peter , Tavares Mary , Bellinger David C.
Published: July 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Resin-based dental materials may intraorally release their chemical components and bisphenol A. The New England Children’s Amalgam Trial found that children randomized to amalgam had better psychosocial outcomes than those assigned to composites for posterior tooth restorations. The objective of this study was to examine whether greater exposure to dental composites is associated with psychosocial problems in children.

METHODS:

Analysis of treatment-level data from the New England Children’s Amalgam Trial, a 2-group randomized safety trial comparing amalgam with the treatment plan of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (bisGMA)-based composite and urethane dimethacrylate–based polyacid-modified composite (compomer), among 534 children aged 6 to 10 years at baseline. Psychosocial function at follow-up (n = 434) was measured by using the self-reported Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC-SR) and parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).

RESULTS:

Children with higher cumulative exposure to bisGMA-based composite had poorer follow-up scores on 3 of 4 BASC-SR global scales: Emotional Symptoms (β = 0.8, SE = 0.3, P = .003), Clinical Maladjustment (β = 0.7, SE = 0.3, P = .02), and Personal Adjustment (β = –0.8, SE = 0.2, P = .002). Associations were stronger with posterior-occlusal (chewing) surfaces, where degradation of composite was more likely. For CBCL change, associations were not statistically significant. At-risk or clinically significant scores were more common among children with greater exposure for CBCL Total Problem Behaviors (16.3% vs 11.2%, P-trend = .01) and numerous BASC-SR syndromes (eg, ≥13 vs 0 surface-years, Interpersonal Relations 13.7% vs 4.8%, P-trend = .01). No associations were found with compomer, nor with amalgam exposure levels among children randomized to amalgam.

CONCLUSIONS:

Greater exposure to bisGMA-based dental composite restorations was associated with impaired psychosocial function in children, whereas no adverse psychosocial outcomes were observed with greater urethane dimethacrylate–based compomer or amalgam treatment levels.
The Impact of Macromastia on Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Cerrato Felecia , Webb Michelle L. , Rosen Heather , Nuzzi Laura , McCarty Erika R. , DiVasta Amy D. , Greene Arin K. , Labow Brian I.
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To determine the physical and psychosocial impact of macromastia on adolescents considering reduction mammaplasty in comparison with healthy adolescents.

METHODS:

The following surveys were administered to adolescents with macromastia and control subjects, aged 12 to 21 years: Short-Form 36v2, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Breast-Related Symptoms Questionnaire, and Eating-Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Demographic variables and self-reported breast symptoms were compared between the 2 groups. Linear regression models, unadjusted and adjusted for BMI category (normal weight, overweight, obese), were fit to determine the effect of case status on survey score. Odds ratios for the risk of disordered eating behaviors (EAT-26 score ≥20) in cases versus controls were also determined.

RESULTS:

Ninety-six subjects with macromastia and 103 control subjects participated in this study. Age was similar between groups, but subjects with macromastia had a higher BMI (P = .02). Adolescents with macromastia had lower Short-Form 36v2 domain, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Breast-Related Symptoms Questionnaire scores and higher EAT-26 scores compared with controls. Macromastia was also associated with a higher risk of disordered eating behaviors. In almost all cases, the impact of macromastia was independent of BMI category.

CONCLUSIONS:

Macromastia has a substantial negative impact on health-related quality of life, self-esteem, physical symptoms, and eating behaviors in adolescents with this condition. These observations were largely independent of BMI category. Health care providers should be aware of these important negative health outcomes that are associated with macromastia and consider early evaluation for adolescents with this condition.
Hungarian Diet and Nutritional Status Survey – The OTAP2009 study. IV. Macroelement intake of the Hungarian population
Authors: Martos Éva , Bakacs Márta , Sarkadi-Nagy Eszter , Ráczkevy Tímea , Zentai Andrea , Baldauf Zsolt , Illés Éva , Lugasi Andrea
Published: July 2012

The adequate intake of minerals is basically important for healthy nutrition. Aim and method: The Hungarian Diet and Nutritional Status Survey – joining to the European Health Interview Survey – studied the dietary habits of the Hungarian population. The present publication describes the macroelement intake. Results: The salt intake is unusually high (17.2 g in men and 12.0 g in women), the potassium intake remains well below the recommendation. These factors substantially increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases including high blood-pressure. The calcium intake stays below the recommendation except in the youngest males, the oldest men and women are at risk from this point of view. While magnesium intake suited the recommendation, the intake of phosphorus exceeded it twice. Conclusions: Focusing on marcroelements, high sodium/salt intake represents the highest public health risk. The implementation of STOP SALT! National Salt Reducing Programme, i.e. decrease the salt content of processed food and provide proper information to the population about excessive salt consumption, should result in a beneficial change of salt intake and ameliorate the public health conditions. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1132–1141.
Determination of serum neopterin levels in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases
Authors: Balázs Csaba , Türke Boglárka , Vámos Árpád
Published: July 2012

An elevated serum level of neopterin indicates the activation of the cellular immune system. Aim: The objective was to find a correlation in autoimmune thyroid patients between neopterin levels and the clinical stage of the disease and to examine whether neopterin can predict the relapse of the disease. Methods: Serum neopterin, thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels were determined in 137 patients with Graves’ disease (in different stages), 25 with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and 14 with toxic adenoma. Results: The neopterin levels were significantly higher in patients with Graves’ disease (hyper-, eu-, hypothyroidism and relapsed hyperthyroidism) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Positive correlation was found between neopterin and anti-thyroglobulin and anti-tyhroid peroxidase antibody levels, but no correlation was detected between neopterin levels and thyroid hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone values and antibodies against thyroid stimulating hormone receptors. Conclusions: Higher level of serum neopterin reflects an underlying autoimmune process, and does not correlate with changes in thyroid hormone levels. Determination of neopterin level can be an important indicator in the exacerbation of autoimmune processes. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1127–1131.
Impact of CO2 Injection on Condensate Banking in Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Kurdi Mohammed , Xiao Jinjiang , Liu Jishan
Published: July 2012

When the pressure of a gas condensate reservoir declines to below dew point due to depletion, liquid phase of the hydrocarbon builds up. This liquid phase is shaped into a condensate ring that exists around the wellbore. This in turn lowers gas production rate and has a great impact on well deliverability and productivity. Super-critical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) injection is a proposed technique to minimise condensate banking effect. SCCO2 minimises the surface tension that exists between the gas and liquid phase and frees the trapped condensate. The objective of this paper is to quantitatively investigate the physics behind SCCO2 injection into a gas condensate reservoir and to examine how SCCO2 mixes with condensate. A numerical simulation study is conducted using a compositional simulator, ECLIPSE E300. Results of the simulation model were matched with experiments and showed that as a result of the injection, surface tension, condensate viscosity and trapped condensate decreased.
Anti-periodic solutions of nonlinear first order impulsive functional differential equations
Authors: Liu Yuji
Published: July 2012

The existence of anti-periodic solutions of the following nonlinear impulsive functional differential equations $$
x'(t) + a(t)x(t) = f(t,x(t),x(\alpha _1 (t)), \ldots ,x(\alpha _n (t))),t \in \mathbb{R},\Delta x(t_k ) = I_k (x(t_k )),k \in \mathbb{Z}
$$ is studied. Sufficient conditions for the existence of at least one anti-periodic solution of the mentioned equation are established. Several new existence results are obtained.
Confidence regions and testing statistical hypotheses in reduced linear models
Authors: Kubáček Lubomír
Published: July 2012

Let in a linear model with large number of parameters some parameters be neglected and remaining parameters be changed in such a way (if it is possible) that the new model still corresponds with data. In the new (reduced) model problems of confidence regions and testing statistical linear hypotheses are investigated.
A difference between the sets of ordinary and strong density points on the plane
Authors: Horbaczewska Grażyna , Wilczyński Władysław
Published: July 2012

It is well known that the difference between the set of all ordinary density points and the set of all strong density points of an arbitrary measurable subset of the plane is a null set. It is of interest to check how large can a difference between sections of these sets be. Both measure and category cases are considered.
Photocatalytic Activity of ZnWO4 Nanoparticles Prepared by Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Grabis J. , Jankovica D. , Kodols M. , Rašmane D.
Published: July 2012

Photocatalytic Activity of ZnWO4 Nanoparticles Prepared by Combustion Synthesis

The influence of the organic fuel (ethylene glycol, citric acid and ethanol) and calcination temperature on the characteristic and photo catalytic activity of ZnWO4 nanopowders prepared by combustion synthesis have been studied. The pure crystalline zinc tungstate nanoparticles were obtained after calcination at 600 °C independently on the used organic fuel. The highest specific surface area of 23.4 m2/g and 27.4 m2/g and the smallest crystallite size of 38 nm and 24 nm were obtained using ethylene glycol with and without HNO3 and additive, respectively. ZnWO4 nano-particles with the smallest crystallite size exhibited the higher photo-degradation activity of Methylene blue under UV irradiation.
Nanodisperse Nickel Ferrite: Methods of Production, Structure and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Zaporina N. , Grabis J. , Maiorov M. , Krumina A. , Heidemane G. , Bocharov D.
Published: July 2012

Nanodisperse Nickel Ferrite: Methods of Production, Structure and Magnetic Properties

The nickel ferrite nanoparticles were prepared using combustion synthesis and plasma chemical synthesis based on evaporation of coarse-grained oxide powders in an inductively coupled air plasma, and their characteristics were compared. The crystallite size of nanoparticles produ-ced by combustion synthesis and plasma synthesis were of 29 and 45 nm respectively. The saturation magnetization of the plasma-prepared samples (43.5 emu/g) and coercivity (74 Oe) exceed values reported in literature for NiFe2O4 powders and could be explained by wide particle size distri-bution. The magnetic characteristics of the chemically prepared samples with more narrow particle size distribution were close to the respective literature data.
Testing of a Device for Positioning Measuring Microphones in Anechoic and Reverberation Chambers
Authors: Felis Józef , Flach Artur , Kamisiński Tadeusz
Published: July 2012

This paper presents a mechanical positioning system for a measuring microphone designed for acoustic studies in anechoic and reverberation chambers at the Department of Mechanics and Vibroacoustics, AGH. The results are discussed in the context of mechanical positioning and its impact on the outcome of the execution of individual measurement procedures. Moreover, areas for research were identified and solution concepts shown for further development of the automation of acoustic measurements in different research rooms in order to reduce the human involvement in them.
Attributes of Clinical Role Models as Described by Senior Veterinary Students in Australia
Authors: Schull Daniel N. , Kyle Greg J. , Coleman Glen T. , Mills Paul C.
Published: July 2012

Role models incite admiration and provide inspiration, contributing to learning as students aspire to emulate their example. The attributes of physician role models for medical trainees are well documented, but they remain largely unexplored in the context of veterinary medical training. The aim of the current study was to describe the attributes that final-year veterinary students (N=213) at the University of Queensland identified when reflecting on their clinical role models. Clinical role model descriptions provided by students were analyzed using concept-mapping software (Leximancer v. 2.25). The most frequent and highly connected concepts used by students when describing their role model(s) included clients, vet, and animal. Role models were described as good communicators who were skilled at managing relationships with clients, patients, and staff. They had exemplary knowledge, skills, and abilities, and they were methodical and conducted well-structured consultations. They were well respected and, in turn, demonstrated respect for clients, colleagues, staff, and students alike. They were also good teachers and able to tailor explanations to suit both clients and students. Findings from this study may serve to assist with faculty development and as a basis for further research in this area.
Reproduction, Resistance and Hope
Authors: Reichert Michael C. , Nelson Joseph
Published: July 2012

Extended editorial introduction to a double special issue on boys and schooling. Adopting a developmental perspective on boyhood, the editors frame these special issues on boys' education by reviewing research on their experience of schooling. In particular, they endeavor to illuminate boys' agency and opportunities they can find in schools for resistance to restrictive masculine regimes.
Performing Masculinity
Authors: Howard Lionel C.
Published: July 2012

This article focuses on the ways in which a select group of adolescent African American males respond to gender scripts. Drawing on interview and focus group data, the article describes four different responses to messages they receive from peers and significant adults about socio-culturally appropriate behaviors and characteristics of masculinity: 1) adapting or modifying their presentations of self, 2) internalizing ascribed gender scripts, 3) resisting, and 4) remaining conflicted about an appropriate response. Narratives highlight the complexity of gender identity development and active participation of African American boys in the construction of a masculine identity that feels most authentic, as well as the role of agents of socialization on identity.
Design and Analysis of a Compact Precision Positioning Platform Integrating Strain Gauges and the Piezoactuator
Authors: Huang Hu , Zhao Hongwei , Yang Zhaojun , Fan Zunqiang , Wan Shunguang , Shi Chengli , Ma Zhichao
Published: July 2012

Miniaturization precision positioning platforms are needed for in situ nanomechanical test applications. This paper proposes a compact precision positioning platform integrating strain gauges and the piezoactuator. Effects of geometric parameters of two parallel plates on Von Mises stress distribution as well as static and dynamic characteristics of the platform were studied by the finite element method. Results of the calibration experiment indicate that the strain gauge sensor has good linearity and its sensitivity is about 0.0468 mV/μm. A closed-loop control system was established to solve the problem of nonlinearity of the platform. Experimental results demonstrate that for the displacement control process, both the displacement increasing portion and the decreasing portion have good linearity, verifying that the control system is available. The developed platform has a compact structure but can realize displacement measurement with the embedded strain gauges, which is useful for the closed-loop control and structure miniaturization of piezo devices. It has potential applications in nanoindentation and nanoscratch tests, especially in the field of in situ nanomechanical testing which requires compact structures.
Suture Contamination in Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Eustis H. Sprague , Rhodes Annette
Published: July 2012

Purpose:

To document the contamination rate of sutures used in strabismus surgery and evaluate the reduction of contamination using antibiotic-coated and antiseptic/antibiotic-coated sutures.

Methods:

This was a prospective randomized analysis of suture contamination and potential prophylaxis measures after strabismus surgery. Muscle sutures (6-0 polyglactin) used in 302 consecutive cases of strabismus from October 2008 to May 2009 were collected and randomly assigned to three groups: (1) a control without pretreatment sutures (61); (2) antibiotic/steroid-coated sutures (200); and (3) antiseptic-soaked and antibiotic/steroid-coated sutures (141). The sutures were used under sterile conditions and then cut into pieces and transferred to blood agar plates, which were incubated for 48 hours and then checked for growth.

Results:

Group 1 had bacterial growth in 17 of 61 (28%) sutures; group 2 had growth in 44 of 200 (22%) sutures; and group 3 had growth in 12 of 141 (9%) sutures. The reduction in bacterial growth using the antibiotic/antiseptic coating was significant (
P
= .006). One patient developed coagulase-negative
Staphylococcus epidermidis
endophthalmitis 1 week after surgery, which was promptly diagnosed and successfully treated. No complications from the antibiotic-coated or antiseptic-soaked sutures were noted.

Conclusions:

Although endophthalmitis after strabismus surgery is rare, estimated at 1 in 35,000 to 1 in 185,000, visual outcome is uniformly poor. The authors hypothesize that strabismus sutures can be contaminated via contact with the eyelashes and skin, providing a possible conduit for endophthalmitis. Bacterial contamination of strabismus sutures is high (28%) and can be reduced significantly if sutures are soaked in antiseptic before use.
SDF-1α Degrades whereas Glycoprotein 120 Upregulates Bcl-2 Interacting Mediator of Death Extralong Isoform: Implications for the Development of T Cell Memory
Authors: Trushin Sergey A. , Carena Alberto A. , Bren Gary D. , Rizza Stacey A. , Dong Xiangyang , Abraham Roshini S. , Badley Andrew D.
Published: July 2012

After a primary immune response, T cell memory occurs when a subset of Ag-specific T cells resists peripheral selection by acquiring resistance to TCR-induced death. Recent data have implicated Bcl-2 interacting mediator of death (Bim) as an essential mediator of the contraction phase of T cell immunity. In this article, we describe that stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) ligation of CXCR4 on activated T cells promotes two parallel processes that favor survival, phospho-inactivation of Foxo3A, as well as Bim extralong isoform (BimEL) degradation, both in an Akt- and Erk-dependent manner. Activated primary CD4 T cells treated with SDF-1α therefore become resistant to the proapoptotic effects of TCR ligation or IL-2 deprivation and accumulate cells of a memory phenotype. Unlike SDF-1α, gp120 ligation of CXCR4 has the opposite effect because it causes p38-dependent BimEL upregulation. However, when activated CD4 T cells are treated with both gp120 and SDF-1α, the SDF-1α–driven effects of BimEL degradation and acquired resistance to TCR-induced death predominate. These results provide a novel causal link between SDF-1α–induced chemotaxis, degradation of BimEL, and the development of CD4 T cell memory.
Resolvin D1 and Aspirin-Triggered Resolvin D1 Promote Resolution of Allergic Airways Responses
Authors: Rogerio Alexandre P. , Haworth Oliver , Croze Roxanne , Oh Sungwhan F. , Uddin Mohib , Carlo Troy , Pfeffer Michael A. , Priluck Rebekah , Serhan Charles N. , Levy Bruce D.
Published: July 2012

Asthma is a disease of airway inflammation that in most cases fails to resolve. The resolution of inflammation is an active process governed by specific chemical mediators, including D-series resolvins. In this study, we determined the impact of resolvin D1 (RvD1) and aspirin-triggered RvD1 (AT-RvD1) on the development of allergic airway responses and their resolution. Mice were allergen sensitized, and RvD1, AT-RvD1 (1, 10, or 100 ng), or vehicle was administered at select intervals before or after aerosol allergen challenge. RvD1 markedly decreased airway eosinophilia and mucus metaplasia, in part by decreasing IL-5 and IκBα degradation. For the resolution of established allergic airway responses, AT-RvD1 was even more efficacious than RvD1, leading to a marked decrease in the resolution interval for lung eosinophilia, decrements in select inflammatory peptide and lipid mediators, and more rapid resolution of airway hyperreactivity to methacholine. Relative to RvD1, AT-RvD1 resisted metabolic inactivation by macrophages, and AT-RvD1 significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis of IgG-OVA–coated beads in vitro and in vivo, a new proresolving mechanism for the clearance of allergen from the airways. In conclusion, RvD1 and AT-RvD1 can serve as important modulators of allergic airway responses by decreasing eosinophils and proinflammatory mediators and promoting macrophage clearance of allergen. Together, these findings identify D-series resolvins as potential proresolving therapeutic agents for allergic responses.
Antiangiogenic Tumor Therapy by DNA Vaccine Inducing Aquaporin-1–Specific CTL Based on Ubiquitin–Proteasome System in Mice
Authors: Chou Bin , Hiromatsu Kenji , Okano Shinji , Ishii Kazunari , Duan Xuefeng , Sakai Tohru , Murata Shigeo , Tanaka Keiji , Himeno Kunisuke
Published: July 2012

Aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) is a water channel protein highly expressed in the vascular endothelial cells of proliferating tissues including malignant cancers. Given that in APC ubiquitinated peptides are effectively introduced into proteasomes from which CD8 epitopes are excised, we fused ubiquitin with AQP-1 (pUB–AQP-1) to produce a DNA vaccine. In C57BL/6J mice immunized with pUB–AQP-1, the growth of B16F10 melanoma was profoundly inhibited. The antitumor effect of the pUB–AQP-1 DNA vaccine was largely mediated by CD8 T cells, which secrete IFN-γ, perforin, and granzyme-B in the presence of APCs transfected with pUB–AQP-1. AQP-1–specific CD8 T cells possessed cytotoxic activity both in vivo and in vitro. After tumor challenge, the microvessel density decreased and the ratio of total blood vessel area to tumor area was significantly reduced as compared with control mice, resulting in a dramatic suppression of tumor growth. The immunization effect was completely abrogated in immunoproteasome-deficient mice. Strikingly this pUB–AQP-1 DNA vaccine was also effective against Colon 26 colon tumors (BALB/c) and MBT/2 bladder tumors (C3H/HeN). Thus, this ubiquitin-conjugated DNA immunization-targeting tumor vasculature is a valid and promising antitumor therapy. This vaccine works across the barriers of tumor species and MHC class I differences in host mice.
Increased Immune Gene Expression and Immune Cell Infiltration in High-Grade Astrocytoma Distinguish Long-Term from Short-Term Survivors
Authors: Donson Andrew M. , Birks Diane K. , Schittone Stephanie A. , Kleinschmidt-DeMasters Bette K. , Sun Derrick Y. , Hemenway Molly F. , Handler Michael H. , Waziri Allen E. , Wang Michael , Foreman Nicholas K.
Published: July 2012

Survival in the majority of high-grade astrocytoma (HGA) patients is very poor, with only a rare population of long-term survivors. A better understanding of the biological factors associated with long-term survival in HGA would aid development of more effective therapy and survival prediction. Factors associated with long-term survival have not been extensively studied using unbiased genome-wide expression analyses. In the current study, gene expression microarray profiles of HGA from long-term survivors were interrogated for discovery of survival-associated biological factors. Ontology analyses revealed that increased expression of immune function-related genes was the predominant biological factor that positively correlated with longer survival. A notable T cell signature was present within this prognostic immune gene set. Using immune cell-specific gene classifiers, both T cell-associated and myeloid linage-associated genes were shown to be enriched in HGA from long-term versus short-term survivors. Association of immune function and cell-specific genes with survival was confirmed independently in a larger publicly available glioblastoma gene expression microarray data set. Histology was used to validate the results of microarray analyses in a larger cohort of long-term survivors of HGA. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that increased immune cell infiltration was a significant independent variable contributing to longer survival, as was Karnofsky/Lansky performance score. These data provide evidence of a prognostic anti-tumor adaptive immune response and rationale for future development of immunotherapy in HGA.
Cyclophilin a as a Mediator of Tissue Injure and Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Moscoso-Solorzano Grace , Mastroianni-Kirsztajn Gianna
Published: July 2012

Cyclophilin A (CypA) belongs to the peptidyl-prolil isomerase (PPlase) family of proteins and it is also known as the cellular receptor for cyclosporine A (CsA). CsA binds to CypA and inhibits the PPIase activity, but the CypA-CsA complex also binds to calcineurin that promotes the expression of genes encoding cytokines and other proteins required for immune response. In addition, the polymorphism variation of CypA promoter seems to have an influence on the expression of CypA in in vitro studies. CypA was also implicated in inflammatory processes (such as, among others, those observed in rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerotic disease, nephrotoxicity) and it can be secreted by cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. CypA can also have a role in the molecular mechanisms by which CsA induces nephroxicity but these remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that CsA inhibition of CypA PPlase activity is a possible mechanism of this drug toxicity. In addition, CypA overexpression could be protective against CsA nephrotoxicity. Finally, the putative common mechanism by which CypA could be involved in CsA nephrotoxicity and tissue injury is related to its proinflammatory effects in cells.
Modeling South America regional smoke plume: aerosol optical depth variability and shortwave surface forcing
Authors: Rosário N. E. , Longo K. M. , Freitas S. R. , Yamasoe M. A. , Fonseca R. M.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. Intra-seasonal variability of smoke aerosol optical depth (AOD) and downwelling solar irradiance at the surface during the 2002 biomass burning season in South America was modeled using the Coupled Chemistry-Aerosol-Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CCATT-BRAMS). Measurements of AOD from the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) and solar irradiance at the surface from the Solar Radiation Network (SolRad-NET) were used to evaluate model results. In general, the major features associated with AOD evolution over the southern part of the Amazon Basin and cerrado ecosystem are captured by the model. The main discrepancies were found for high aerosol loading events. In the northeastern portion of the Amazon Basin the model systematically underestimated AOD. This is likely due to the cloudy nature of the region, preventing accurate detection of the fire spots used in the emission model. Moreover, measured AOD were very often close to background conditions and emissions other than smoke were not considered in the simulation. Therefore, under the background scenario, one would expect the model to underestimate AOD. The issue of high aerosol loading events in the southern part of the Amazon and cerrado is also discussed in the context of emission shortcomings. The Cuiabá cerrado site was the only one where the highest quality AERONET data were unavailable. Thus, lower quality data were used. Root-mean-square-error (RMSE) between the model and observations decreased from 0.48 to 0.17 when extreme AOD events (AOD550 nm ≥ 1.0) and Cuiabá were excluded from analysis. Downward surface solar irradiance comparisons also followed similar trends when extremes AOD were excluded. This highlights the need to improve the modelling of the regional smoke plume in order to enhance the accuracy of the radiative energy budget. Aerosol optical model based on the mean intensive properties of smoke from the southern part of the Amazon Basin produced a radiative forcing efficiency (RFE) of −158 W m−2/AOD550 nm at noon. This value is in between −154 W m−2/AOD550 nm and −187 W m−2/AOD550 nm, the range obtained when spatial varying optical models were considered. The average 24 h surface forcing over the biomass burning season varied from −55 W m−2 close to smoke sources in the southern part of the Amazon Basin and cerrado to −10 W m−2 in remote regions of the Southeast Brazilian coast.
UV-induced carbon monoxide emission from sand and living vegetation
Authors: Bruhn D. , Albert K. R. , Mikkelsen T. N. , Ambus P.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The global burden of carbon monoxide, CO, is rather uncertain. In this paper we address the potential of UV-induced CO emission by terrestrial surfaces. Real-time measurements of [CO] were made with a cavity enhanced laser connected in closed loop to either an ecosystem chamber or a leaf scale chamber. Sand and leaves of all examined plant species exhibited emission of CO in response to artificial UV-radiation and the UV-component of natural solar radiation. The UV-induced rate of CO emission exhibited a rather low dependence on temperature, indicating an abiotic process. The emission of CO in response to the UV-component of natural solar radiation was also evident at the ecosystem scale. When scaled to the global level, the UV-induced emission of CO by the major types of terrestrial surfaces, living leaves and soil (here represented by sand), amounts up to 28 Tg yr−1. This source has till now not been accounted for by IPCC, but is equivalent to 14–56% of the 50–200 Tg yr−1 from sources currently accounted for (IPCC 2001). In addition to this are other known sources that ought to be considered. The hitherto unaccounted for terrestrial sources of CO amounts up to 207 Tg yr−1, almost two-thirds of the latest estimated global CO burden of 360 Tg yr−1 (IPCC, 2001).
Simultaneous quantification of in situ infaunal activity and pore-water metal concentrations: establishment of benthic ecosystem process-function relations
Authors: Teal L. R. , Parker E. R. , Solan M.
Published: July 2012

Abstract. The relative contributions that species assemblages, abiotic variables, and their interactions with one another, make to ecosystem properties are recognised but are seldom considered simultaneously, within context, and at the appropriate spatio-temporal scales. Here, we combine fluorescent time-lapse sediment profile imaging (f-SPI) and diffusion gradient thin gels (DGT) to examine, in situ, the link between an important benthic ecosystem process (bioturbation) and ecosystem functioning (trace metal cycling). We show that the mechanistic basis of how the infaunal community mediate Fe and Mn cycles is difficult to reconcile because of the spatio-temporal differences between particle and porewater mixing. This mismatch means that the consideration of these mechanistic processes in isolation is likely to limit our interpretative capacity of how infaunal communities mediate various biogeochemical processes in the natural environment. Moreover, the combination of multiple technologies, process based simulation modelling and generalised additive statistical modelling achieved here, emphasises the importance of simultaneously considering additional factors that influence benthic chemistry, in particular bioirrigation and tidal flushing of the sediment profile. Our findings highlight a pressing need to determine how the relative importance of multiple abiotic and biotic factors act in concert to alter major biogeochemical pathways across a variety of contexts and habitats.
Non-hormonal targets for the medical treatment of endometriosis
Authors: Luisi Stefano , Ciani Valentina , Pinzauti Serena , Tosti Claudia , Lazzeri Lucia , Razzi Sandro , Zupi Errico , Petraglia Felice
Published: July 2012

Endometriosis is a chronic condition characterized by growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Common symptoms include dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, non-cyclic pelvic pain, and infertility. Endometriosis is often treated surgically upon diagnosis but with a higher rate of recurrence, suggesting that a combination of surgical and medical management might provide better outcomes. The primary goal of medical treatment is to interrupt the growth and activity of endometriosis lesions. Because of the chronic nature of this disease, long-term or repeated courses of medication may be required to control symptoms. Increasing knowledge about the pathogenesis of endometriosis at the cellular and molecular levels may give us the opportunity to use new pharmaceutical agents affecting angiogenesis, inflammation, oxidative stress, proliferation or apoptosis to prevent or inhibit the development of endometriosis.
Solid-state Reaction Study on Physically and Tribochemically Prepared BaC2O4-SnC2O4 Mixtures
Authors: Berbenni Vittorio , Milanese Chiara , Bruni Giovanna , Girella Alessandro , Marini Amedeo
Published: July 2012

The synthesis of barium metastannate, BaSnO3, by heating mixtures of metal oxalates, either physically mixed or subjected to a phase of mechanical activation, up to temperatures in the range 750- 1200 °C has been studied. Simultaneous thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetric (TGDSC) analyses and powder X-ray diffractometry have been applied to check the advancement of the reactions. BaSnO3, though slightly contaminated by BaCO3, can be obtained by heating the activated mixture up to T ≥ 1000 °C while heating a sample of a physical mixture at temperature as high as 1200 °C resulted in a mixture of BaSnO3, SnO2 and Ba2SnO4. The heat capacities of BaSnO3 samples prepared at temperatures between 1000 and 1200 °C have been measured by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) in the temperature range 50-400 °C.
1,2,3 GO !
Authors: Damant Dominique , Bouchard Camil , Bordeleau Luce , Bastien Nathalie , Lessard Geneviève
Published: July 2012

Les relations entre les conditions de pauvreté et la qualité du développement des enfants sont désormais connues ; la nécessité d'intervenir tôt et de façon intensive également. L'initiative communautaire 1,2,3 GO ! (visant l'empowermentdes communautés et de leurs membres) s'appuie sur un modèle d'organisation hiérarchique du développement de l'enfant et sur le modèle écologique-transactionnel. Elle a trois buts complémentaires : promouvoir le développement physique, cognitif, social et affectif des tout-petits ; assurer le soutien aux parents et aux intervenants ; soutenir les efforts de prise en charge de la communauté pour offrir aux parents et aux tout-petits un environnement stimulant, bienveillant et chaleureux. Cet article vise à faire connaître l'initiative 1,2,3 GO !. Il décrit le processus de sa mise sur pied, présente ses fondements théoriques et débouche sur la description d'exemples concrets d'activités réalisées auprès des enfants et des familles depuis sa mise sur pied.
Recherche évaluative d’un programme syndical de formation en santé et en sécurité du travail
Authors: Berthelette Diane , Desnoyers Luc , Bédard Anne
Published: July 2012

L’objectif de cette recherche évaluative était d’analyser la relation susceptible d’exister entre le processus d’un programme de formation de base en santé et sécurité du travail et ses effets attendus. Ce programme, dispensé par une centrale syndicale québécoise à ses membres, a pour objectif ultime d’améliorer l’action syndicale des travailleurs à ce sujet dans leur milieu de travail. Nos résultats semblent indiquer que ce programme produit la majorité des effets attendus relatifs aux thèmes étudiés, soit d’accroître la compréhension du rôle des facteurs environnementaux sur l’occurrence d’accidents de travail et d’attribuer ces événements à des risques environnementaux dont les employeurs sont responsables.
Analyse du travail et élaboration des programmes de formation professionnelle
Authors: Lacomblez Marianne
Published: July 2012

Une approche historique est ici présentée comme démarche permettant de mieux comprendre les options et les enjeux de travaux récents ayant établis des liens privilégiés entre l’analyse du travail et la conception d’action de formation professionnelle. La crise du mode de régulation fordiste semble avoir été déterminante dans l’explosion des recherches et interventions développées ces dernières années dans ce registre. Mais le type de contrat social dans lequel les auteurs se sont inscrits oriente de façon décisive la finalité des projets et la portée des résultats.
La parole mystique : un acte théologique autrement rationnel
Authors: Nadeau-Lacour Thérèse
Published: July 2012

Dans le paysage littéraire chrétien, il est un lieu particulier, fruit d’une triple activité, spirituelle, artistique et cognitive : la parole mystique, parole à la fois esthétique, théologique et éthique. Cette brève étude se propose de revisiter ce site et de tenter de montrer comment la manière poétique y recentre la matière théologique ; comment aussi, dans une étonnante dynamique d’échange, l’acte poétique trouve, dans la matière théologique, un accomplissement inattendu. Le dire et le dit mystiques, pratiquement exclus depuis sept siècles du savoir théologique, se révèlent alors comme lieux possibles d’inspiration pour redécouvrir et ré-envisager l’acte théologique, épuisé par des siècles d’inféodation aux rationalités modernes.
Ce que le théisme demande à la science
Authors: Gagnon Philippe
Published: July 2012

L’attention aux niveaux d’organisation conduit à douter du caractère aléatoire de l’ensemble des régulations cosmologiques. La connaissance scientifique semble, malgré tout, apte à faire ressortir l’énigme posée par les histoires singulières qui ont tissé la trame du monde. La conscience religieuse d’une destinée personnelle gagne à être analogiquement rapprochée du sort de l’univers où elle s’enracine.
L’Enfer de James Nachtwey : protocole pour une photographie compassionnelle
Authors: Lavoie Vincent
Published: July 2012

Le photojournaliste est un personnage dépourvu d’éthique. L’une des raisons habituellement invoquées pour justifier cette opinion tient à la diffusion non autorisée d’images d’accidents de voiture, d’incendies et autres désastres. La production et la publication d’images inconvenantes au regard des personnes directement affectées par le drame est jugée contraire à l’éthique. Mais la raison économique l’emporte sous la pression d’un vaste marché qui ne cesse de réclamer semblables images. Le caractère public des informations entre en conflit avec la dimension privée de la peine éprouvée par les proches et les victimes d’une tragédie. Si le drame est ressenti comme une affaire privée, sa gravité, elle, justifie son passage dans la sphère publique. En prenant appui sur les travaux du photographe américain James Nachtwey, nous proposons d’étudier ce paradoxe que le photojournalisme tente de justifier éthiquement.
Apparaître et leurrer
Authors: Campeau Sylvain
Published: July 2012

Le présent texte appuie son argumentation sur deux présomptions : à savoir, en premier lieu, que la photographie se prêterait d’emblée au politique, ici entendu comme l’ensemble des rapports de pouvoir qui rendent possible l’image, et, en second lieu, que le corps se prête lui aussi aux figures du politique. Se référant à une position qui comprend l’image dans l’amont de sa préparation, fondée sur l’intentionnalité de l’artiste, l’auteur analyse le cas de l’image connue d’Hippolyte Bayard, Autoportrait en noyé, en plus d’étudier celles des artistes contemporains Rafael Goldchain, Geneviève Cadieux, Chuck Samuels, Evergon, Alexandre Castonguay et Pascal Grandmaison. Au fil des réflexions où l’autoportrait apparaît comme le mode quasi ontologique de la photographie, l’auteur en vient à cerner un pouvoir confondant de la photographie contemporaine, fondée sur le retournement et le leurre.
Le spectre de la parenté
Authors: Lussier Alexis
Published: July 2012

Les « portraits composites » de Francis Galton (1822-1911) consistaient à surimposer, les uns sur les autres, plusieurs portraits pour dégager, selon lui, le « type » du visage criminel avant « que les traits du visage soient brutalisés par le crime ». Que serait donc un visage criminel auquel il ne manque plus que le crime ? Position d’autant plus étonnante que Galton finit par admettre que l’infamie du visage réside dans chacun des visages photographiés et que l’humanité n’appartient qu’au « type » qui, en l’occurrence, n’existe que par la photographie et dans la photographie. Il s’agit dans cet article de reprendre, à travers une lecture de certains des textes que Galton a consacrés à la photographie, une théorie spécifique de l’image qui repose essentiellement sur un discours moral et politique touchant à l’hérédité des familles.