bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Petites résurrections
Authors: Dupré Louise
Published: February 2019

Louise Dupré est née au Québec en 1949. Poète, romancière, dramaturge et essayiste, elle a fait paraître une vingtaine de livres. Parmi ses derniers titres, mentionnons le récit L'Album multicolore, publié à Montréal
chez Héliotrope (2014), ainsi que les recueils poétiques Plus haut que les flammes et La main hantée, parus à Montréal aux Éditions du Noroît (2010 et 2016) et à Paris aux Éditions Bruno Doucey (2014 et 2018), recueils
qui lui ont obtenu tous deux le Prix du Gouverneur général du Canada. Elle a également reçu en juin 2018 le prix Vénus-Khoury-Ghata de la poésie étrangère pour La main hantée. Elle est membre de l'Académie des lettres
du Québec, de la Société royale du Canada et de l'Ordre du Canada.
Translating Contemporary French Poetry
Authors: Wagstaff Emma , Parish Nina
Published: February 2019

This article examines a bilingual anthology edited by the authors and published in 2016. It argues that the process of editing an anthology of contemporary poetry with multiple translators is a form of re-writing that not only introduces new writers into the target-language poetic system,
but also recasts their positions in the poetic system of the source culture by giving them new readers who have no or few preconceptions about the writers' place in that system. Anthologizing operates in tandem with translating in this instance, and we additionally use the notions of inference
and cognitive stylistics to discuss the particular habitus of academic translators who are not poets, and the opportunities those approaches offer to produce a creative translation. Style is an appropriate lens through which to consider poems included in this anthology because it is
a contested question in contemporary French poetic practice. The article therefore treats the question of présence that this special issue addresses in three ways. It discusses, on the most literal level, the new or more visible presence that French poetry can acquire in the
anglophone context through translation and anthologies. Moreover, it examines the ways in which the presence of new or decontextualized voices affects poetic systems. Finally, it considers whether an approach to translation that sees it as an embodied, interpretative process may allow some
access to the présence of the 'original' poetic work.
Veiller sur la présence
Authors: Delaveau Philippe
Published: February 2019

Philippe Delaveau a publié une quinzaine de recueils de poèmes (essentiellement aux éditions Gallimard), de nombreux livres d'artistes (avec Alechinsky, Alligand, Baltazar, Bertemès, Hélénon, Laubiès, Pouperon, Segui, Youl, etc.),
des essais et des traductions de l'anglais, du latin et de l'espagnol, dont l'Histoire ecclésiastique du peuple anglais, de Bède le Vénérable (Gallimard, 1995). Il a gagné de nombreux prix, dont: Apollinaire, Max Jacob, Rainer Maria Rilke et,
pour l'ensemble de l'œuvre: Prix Alain Bosquet, Grand Prix de Poésie de l'Académie française (2000), Grand Prix de la S.G.D.L (2010). Derniers titres parus: Le Veilleur amoureux, précédé d'Eucharis, préface
de Michel Jarrety (Gallimard, 2010), Ce que disent les vents (Gallimard, 2012), Invention de la terre (Gallimard, 2015), Un dessein de beauté, avec Bernard Alligand (FMA, 2018). Philippe Delaveau est membre de l'Académie Mallarmé, de la SGDL, du P.E.N.-Club,
et juré du Prix Apollinaire.
L'Abandon du poème
Authors: Forest Philippe
Published: February 2019

Après avoir enseigné dans plusieurs universités de Grande Bretagne (à Édimbourg, St Andrews, Cambridge et Londres), Philippe Forest est depuis une vingtaine d'années professeur de littérature à l'Université de Nantes.
Spécialiste des avant-gardes (Aragon et le surréalisme, Sollers et Tel Quel), il est surtout essayiste et romancier. Son œuvre, publiée aux éditions Gallimard — où il a notamment dirigé la Nouvelle Revue française —,
est traduite dans une dizaine de pays et a été souvent primée en France comme à l'étranger. Parmi ses principaux livres: L'Enfant éternel (1997), Sarinagara (2004), Le Siècle des nuages (2010), Beaucoup de jours: d'après
Ulysse de Joyce (2011), Le Chat de Schrödinger (2013), Aragon (2015), L'Oubli (2018).
Invisibilité de la poésie
Authors: Beck Philippe
Published: February 2019

Philippe Beck, né en 1963, est poète et maître de conférences en philosophie à l'université de Nantes. Les Actes du colloque de Cerisy-la-Salle qui lui a été consacré en 2013 ont paru en 2014 aux éditions José
Corti. Il reçoit le Grand prix de poésie de l'Académie française et le grade de Chevalier des Arts et Lettres en 2015. Dernier ouvrage paru: Dictées (Flammarion, 2018). À paraître: La Berceuse et le Clairon / de la foule qui écrit
(Le Bruit du temps, février 2019).
Improbables présences: Yves Bonnefoy, Tahar Ben Jelloun, Vénus Khoury-Ghata
Authors: Bishop Michael
Published: February 2019

Toute présence est improbable. Une profonde agnose, ce que l'on peut considérer simultanément comme une profonde subjectivité autoexploratrice, règne dans nos analyses de ce que nous sommes, de comment et pourquoi nous sommes, ceci malgré
les nobles théorisations de toutes nos sciences. Parler de l'expérience de notre présence-au-monde exige que l'on plonge dans l'infini dédale de l'esprit, de la conscience, le phénomène précisément le moins compris et le moins ouvertement
étudié de l'être humain. Les trois études offertes ici, sur l'œuvre de trois grands poètes contemporains, cherchent à cerner quelques-uns des éléments vécus de la foisonnante, de l'étrange et vastement riche complexité
de l'expérience de ce qu'on est, improbablement, au sein de l'invraisemblable totalité de ce qui est.
Approach to a highly-virulent emerging viral epidemic: A thought experiment and literature review
Authors: Amgad Mohamed , Fouad Yousef A , Elsebaie Maha AT
Published: February 2019

What are the immunological facets of a highly successful viral epidemic, and what are likely successful strategies that can be used to counter its spread? Unlike many challenges in biology and public policy, viral epidemics are unique in that they require swift response, and quick application of existing knowledge to infer the underlying biology of a new pathological agent. This essay contextualizes the experience and findings from the viral immunology literature to respond to a hypothetical (yet likely) emerging viral epidemic. It begins with a review of the causes of some defining features of highly virulent viral epidemics, including causes of mortality, viral virulence, and immune evasion and suppression tactics. We provide an overview of lines of investigation to characterize emerging viral epidemics, including a brief survey of clinical and biological assays for immune surveillance and in-depth interrogation of viral biology. Finally, we provide a broad overview of management and vaccine development response strategies.
Optical manipulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis using photoswitchable ceramides
Authors: Kol Matthijs , Williams Ben , Toombs-Ruane Henry , Franquelim Henri G , Korneev Sergei , Schroeer Christian , Schwille Petra , Trauner Dirk , Holthuis Joost CM , Frank James A
Published: February 2019

Ceramides are central intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism that also function as potent messengers in stress signaling and apoptosis. Progress in understanding how ceramides execute their biological roles is hampered by a lack of methods to manipulate their cellular levels and metabolic fate with appropriate spatiotemporal precision. Here, we report on clickable, azobenzene-containing ceramides, caCers, as photoswitchable metabolic substrates to exert optical control over sphingolipid production in cells. Combining atomic force microscopy on model bilayers with metabolic tracing studies in cells, we demonstrate that light-induced alterations in the lateral packing of caCers lead to marked differences in their metabolic conversion by sphingomyelin synthase and glucosylceramide synthase. These changes in metabolic rates are instant and reversible over several cycles of photoswitching. Our findings disclose new opportunities to probe the causal roles of ceramides and their metabolic derivatives in a wide array of sphingolipid-dependent cellular processes with the spatiotemporal precision of light.
Blood parasites infecting the Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin), a unique neotropical folivorous bird
Authors: Pacheco M. Andreína , García-Amado M. Alexandra , Manzano Jaime , Matta Nubia E. , Escalante Ananias A.
Published: February 2019

The Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) is the only extant member of the order Opisthocomiformes. This unique South American bird lives in the riparian lowland vegetation characteristic of the Amazon and Orinoco basins. Hoatzins nest in communal social units close to water bodies; they are strictly folivores being the only bird with pregastric fermentation in the crop. Because of the complex logistics involved in capturing this bird, there is a knowledge gap on its parasites. This study documents two distant lineages of haemosporidian parasites (Plasmodium spp.) in a juvenile and two adults sampled in the Cojedes state, Venezuela. Although negative by microscopy, the parasite identification was possible by using molecular methods. We estimated the phylogenetic relationships on the parasite cytochrome b (cytb, 480 bp) gene and the mitochondrial DNA. We found one of the parasites lineages in two individuals (nestling and adult), and the corresponding fragment of cytb was identical to a one found in Wood Stork (Mycteria americana) from Brazil. The other lineage, found in an adult, has an identity of 469 out of 478 bp (98%) with Plasmodium sp. GAL-2012 (isolate THAMB08) from Brazil. Although a morphological description of these parasites was not possible, this is the first molecular study focusing on Hoatzin haemosporidian parasites and the first documentation of Plasmodium infections in the Hoatzin from Venezuela. Furthermore, we reported microfilaria in two adults as well as hematological parameters for six individuals. Information on hematological parameters could contribute to establishing the necessary baseline to detect underlying conditions, such as infections, in this bird species.
Policing Education: An Empirical Review of the Challenges and Impact of the Work of School Police Officers
Authors: Javdani Shabnam
Published: February 2019

Highlights

Systematic review of literature on the roles, training, and impact of school police officers (SPOs).

SPOs occupy conflicting roles with high authority and little preparation.

Presence of SPOs is associated with no changes or increases in exclusionary discipline.

Presence of SPOs is associated with an overall null effect on safety and increases in student arrest.

Recommendations center on clarifying and limiting the roles of SPOs through formalized partnerships.
A Series of MAX Phases with MA‐Triangular‐Prism Bilayers and Elastic Properties
Authors: Chen Hongxiang , Yang Dongliang , Zhang Qinghua , Jin Shifeng , Guo Liwei , Deng Jun , Li Xiaodong , Chen Xiaolong
Published: February 2019

We report a new type of MAX phase (M=transition metals, A=main group elements, and X=C/N), Nb3As2C, designated as 321 phase. It differs from all the previous Mn+1AXn phases in that it consists of an alternate stacking of one MX layer and two MA layers in its unit cell, while only one MA layer is allowed in usual MAX phases. The new 321 phase exhibits a bulk modulus of Nb3As2C up to 225(3) GPa as determined by high‐pressure synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, one of the highest values among MAX phases. Isostructural 321 phases V3As2C, Nb3P2C, and Ta3P2C are also found to exist. First‐principles calculations reveal the outstanding elastic stiffness in 321 phases. Among all 321 phases, Nb3P2C is predicted to have the highest elastic properties. These 321 phases, represented by a chemical formula Mn+1AnX, were added as new members to the MAX family and their other properties deserve future investigations.
Atomically Dispersed Ruthenium Species Inside Metal–Organic Frameworks: Combining the High Activity of Atomic Sites and the Molecular Sieving Effect of MOFs
Authors: Ji Shufang , Chen Yuanjun , Zhao Shu , Chen Wenxing , Shi Lijun , Wang Yu , Dong Juncai , Li Zhi , Li Fuwei , Chen Chen , Peng Qing , Li Jun , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: February 2019

Incorporating atomically dispersed metal species into functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can integrate their respective merits for catalysis. A cage‐controlled encapsulation and reduction strategy is used to fabricate single Ru atoms and triatomic Ru3 clusters anchored on ZIF‐8 (Ru1@ZIF‐8, Ru3@ZIF‐8). The highly efficient and selective catalysis for semi‐hydrogenation of alkyne is observed. The excellent activity derives from high atom‐efficiency of atomically dispersed Ru active sites and hydrogen enrichment by the ZIF‐8 shell. Meanwhile, ZIF‐8 shell serves as a novel molecular sieve for olefins to achieve absolute regioselectivity of catalyzing terminal alkynes but not internal alkynes. Moreover, the size‐dependent performance between Ru3@ZIF‐8 and Ru1@ZIF‐8 is detected in experiment and understood by quantum‐chemical calculations, demonstrating a new and promising approach to optimize catalysts by controlling the number of atoms.
The Prins Reaction in the Fragrance Industry: 100th Anniversary (1919–2019)
Authors: Doro Franco , Akeroyd Niels , Schiet Franc , Narula Anubhav
Published: February 2019

The Prins reaction, an acid‐catalyzed condensation of alkenes with aldehydes, is used extensively in the fragrance industry. This year we celebrate the 100th anniversary of the discovery of this reaction. In honor of this occasion we present an overview of the diverse applications of the Prins reaction in the synthesis of flavor and fragrance ingredients. To pay tribute to the inventor of the Prins reaction, Hendrik Jacobus Prins, we also provide some insight into his life, scientific, and entrepreneurial accomplishments.
Automated De Novo Drug Design: Are We Nearly There Yet?
Authors: Schneider Gisbert , Clark David E.
Published: February 2019

Medicinal chemistry and, in particular, drug design have often been perceived as more of an art than a science. The many unknowns of human disease and the sheer complexity of chemical space render decision making in medicinal chemistry exceptionally demanding. Computational models can assist the medicinal chemist in this endeavour. Provided here is an overview of recent examples of automated de novo molecular design, a discussion of the concepts and computational approaches involved, and the daring prediction of some of the possibilities and limitations of drug design using machine intelligence.
Modular Design of Noble‐Metal‐Free Mixed Metal Oxide Electrocatalysts for Complete Water Splitting
Authors: Gao Dandan , Liu Rongji , Biskupek Johannes , Kaiser Ute , Song Yu‐Fei , Streb Carsten
Published: February 2019

Electrocatalytic water splitting into H2 and O2 is a key technology for carbon‐neutral energy. Here, we report a modular materials design leading to noble metal‐free composite electrocatalysts, which combine high electrical conductivity, high OER and HER reactivity and high durability. The scalable bottom‐up fabrication allows the stable deposition of mixed metal oxide nanostructures with different functionalities on copper foam electrodes. The composite catalyst shows sustained OER and HER activity in 0.1 m aqueous KOH over prolonged periods (t>10 h) at low overpotentials (OER: ≈300 mV; HER: ≈100 mV) and high faradaic efficiencies (OER: ≈100 %, HER: ≈98 %). The new synthetic concept will enable the development of multifunctional, mixed metal oxide composites as high‐performance electrocatalysts for challenging energy conversion and storage reactions.
Direct Observation of a Li‐Ionic Space‐Charge Layer Formed at an Electrode/Solid‐Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Nomura Yuki , Yamamoto Kazuo , Hirayama Tsukasa , Ouchi Satoru , Igaki Emiko , Saitoh Koh
Published: February 2019

When two different materials come into contact, mobile carriers redistribute at the interface according to their potential difference. Such a charge redistribution is also expected at the interface between electrodes and solid electrolytes. The redistributed ions significantly affect the ion conduction through the interface. Thus, it is essential to determine the actual distribution of the ionic carriers and their potential to improve ion conduction. We succeeded in visualizing the ionic and potential profiles in the charge redistribution layer, or space‐charge layer (SCL), formed at the interface between a Cu electrode and Li‐conductive solid electrolyte using phase‐shifting electron holography and spatially resolved electron energy‐loss spectroscopy. These electron microscopy techniques clearly showed the Li‐ionic SCL, which dropped by 1.3 V within a distance of 10 nm from the interface. These techniques could contribute to the development of next‐generation electrochemical devices.
Organelle‐Targeted BODIPY Photocages: Visible‐Light‐Mediated Subcellular Photorelease
Authors: Kand Dnyaneshwar , Pizarro Lorena , Angel Inbar , Avni Adi , Friedmann‐Morvinski Dinorah , Weinstain Roy
Published: February 2019

Photocaging facilitates non‐invasive and precise spatio‐temporal control over the release of biologically relevant small‐ and macro‐molecules using light. However, sub‐cellular organelles are dispersed in cells in a manner that renders selective light‐irradiation of a complete organelle impractical. Organelle‐specific photocages could provide a powerful method for releasing bioactive molecules in sub‐cellular locations. Herein, we report a general post‐synthetic method for the chemical functionalization and further conjugation of meso‐methyl BODIPY photocages and the synthesis of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐, lysosome‐, and mitochondria‐targeted derivatives. We also demonstrate that 2,4‐dinitrophenol, a mitochondrial uncoupler, and puromycin, a protein biosynthesis inhibitor, can be selectively photoreleased in mitochondria and ER, respectively, in live cells by using visible light. Additionally, photocaging is shown to lead to higher efficacy of the released molecules, probably owing to a localized and abrupt release.
In vitro plant regeneration and Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformation of Datura stramonium (Solanaceae)
Authors: Rajewski Alex C. , Elkins Kevan B. , Henry Ashley , Van Eck Joyce , Litt Amy
Published: February 2019

Premise of the Study

Datura stramonium is a pharmacologically and evolutionarily important plant species in the family Solanaceae. Stable transformation methodology of this species would be advantageous for future genetic studies.

Methods

In vitro plant regeneration and Agrobacterium tumefaciens–mediated transformation techniques were developed for D. stramonium based on methods reported for tomato. A binary vector containing pAtUBQ10::erGFP was used for transformation.

Results

We recovered primary transformants harboring the green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene that resulted in expression of fluorescence in all tissues analyzed. Transformants were allowed to self‐pollinate, and two of five progeny contained the GFP transgene and displayed fluorescence identical to the primary transformants.

Discussion

We have demonstrated the first stable transformation in the genus Datura. This is a key first step to study the genetic basis of traits in this evolutionarily interesting species.
A virus‐induced gene‐silencing system for functional genetics in a betalainic species, Amaranthus tricolor (Amaranthaceae)
Authors: Adhikary Dinesh , Khatri‐Chhetri Upama , Tymm Fiona J. M. , Murch Susan J. , Deyholos Michael K.
Published: February 2019

Premise of the Study

Research in Amaranthaceae could be accelerated by developing methods for targeted gene silencing. Most amaranths, including Amaranthus tricolor, produce betalains. However, the physiological and ecological roles of these pigments are uncertain. We sought to establish a virus‐induced gene‐silencing (VIGS) method for amaranths, using silencing of betalain pigments as a proof‐of‐principle.

Methods

We targeted AtriCYP76AD1, a putative cytochrome P450 component of the betalain biosynthetic pathway, using VIGS, and compared two different methods of introducing the VIGS construct into plants. We measured transcript abundance and concentrations of betalains and their l‐DOPA precursor in VIGS‐treated plants, and compared these to controls.

Results

We observed that when AtriCYP76AD1 was targeted by VIGS in normally red plants, AtriCYP76AD1 and the related genes AtriCYP76AD6 and AtriCYP76AD5 had diminished transcript abundance. Furthermore, newly emergent petioles and leaves of VIGS‐treated plants appeared green, betacyanin accumulation was strongly reduced, and l‐DOPA accumulation was increased. No betaxanthin could be detected in this variety of A. tricolor, either before or after VIGS treatment.

Discussion

These results help to establish the genetic basis of betalain synthesis in amaranths. Furthermore, this is the first report of VIGS in amaranths and demonstrates the potential of this technique for basic and applied research in these species.
Impulsive semilinear heat equation with delay in control and in state
Authors: Camacho Oscar , Leiva Hugo
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we prove the interior approximate controllability of the impulsive semilinear heat equation with delay in control and in state by proving first that the linear heat equation with delay in control is approximately controllable. After that, we add impulses and a nonlinear perturbation with delay in state, and using Rothe's fixed point theorem, we prove that the interior approximate controllability of the impulsive semilinear system. Finally, we present some open problems and a possible general framework to study the controllability of impulsive semilinear diffusion process in Hilbert spaces with delay in control and in state.
Screening of ten cytochrome P450 enzyme activities with 12 probe substrates in human liver microsomes using cocktail incubation and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Ji , Lee Hyunyoung , Ji Hyeon‐Kyeong , Lee Taeho , Liu Kwang‐Hyeon
Published: February 2019

Testing for potential drug interactions of new chemical entities is essential when developing a novel drug. In this study, an assay was designed to evaluate drug interactions with 10 major human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes incubated in liver microsomes, involving 12 probe substrates with two cocktail incubation sets used in a single liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) run. The P450 substrate composition in each cocktail set was optimized to minimize solvent effects and mutual drug interactions among substrates as follows: cocktail A was composed of phenacetin for CYP1A2, bupropion for CYP2B6, amodiaquine for CYP2C8, diclofenac for CYP2C9, S‐mephenytoin for CYP2C19, and dextromethorphan for CYP2D6; cocktail B was composed of coumarin for CYP2A6, chlorzoxazone for CYP2E1, astemizole for CYP2J2, and midazolam, nifedipine, and testosterone for CYP3A. Multiple probe substrates were used for CYP3A owing to the multiple substrate‐binding sites and substrate‐dependent inhibition. After incubation in human liver microsomes, each incubation mixture was pooled and all probe metabolites were simultaneously analysed in a single LC–MS/MS run. Polarity switching was used to acquire the negative‐ion mode for hydroxychlorzoxazone and positive‐ion mode for the remaining analytes. The method was validated by comparing the inhibition data obtained from incubation of each individual probe substrate alone and with the substrate cocktails. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values obtained from the cocktail and individual incubations were well correlated and in agreement with previously reported values. This new method will be useful in assessing the drug interaction potential of new chemical entities during new drug development.
Microtubule Plus End Dynamics − Do We Know How Microtubules Grow?
Authors: van Haren Jeffrey , Wittmann Torsten
Published: February 2019

Microtubules form a highly dynamic filament network in all eukaryotic cells. Individual microtubules grow by tubulin dimer subunit addition and frequently switch between phases of growth and shortening. These unique dynamics are powered by GTP hydrolysis and drive microtubule network remodeling, which is central to eukaryotic cell biology and morphogenesis. Yet, our knowledge of the molecular events at growing microtubule ends remains incomplete. Here, recent ultrastructural, biochemical and cell biological data are integrated to develop a realistic model of growing microtubule ends comprised of structurally distinct but biochemically overlapping zones. Proteins that recognize microtubule lattice conformations associated with specific tubulin guanosine nucleotide states may independently control major structural transitions at growing microtubule ends. A model is proposed in which tubulin dimer addition and subsequent closure of the MT wall are optimized in cells to achieve rapid physiological microtubule growth.
Tristetraprolin attenuates brain edema in a rat model of cerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Li Peiyu , Zhang Junwu , Li Xin , Gao Hongwei
Published: February 2019

Objectives

We evaluated the protective effects of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A)/tristetraprolin (TTP) against brain edema in a rat model of cerebral hemorrhage, bleeding in the brain that occurs in tissues and ventricles. TTP is a well‐known mRNA‐binding protein and essential regulatory molecule for gene expression.

Methods

Cerebral hemorrhage was induced in male albino rats divided into four homogeneous groups: normal control (I), control (II), PP2A siRNA (III), and scrambled siRNA (IV). Neurological scores, caspase‐3 mRNA and protein expression, PP2A and TTP protein expression, apoptosis, and water content in the brain were determined.

Results

The neurological score decreased substantially to 8.2 in rats in which cerebral hemorrhage was induced and was further reduced to 7.4 and 7.7 in groups III and IV, respectively. Caspase‐3 expression increased significantly by 90% in group II and by 26.9% in group III. Apoptosis increased by 26.1% in rats in which cerebral hemorrhage was induced and increased considerably by 35.3% and 33.4% in groups III and IV, respectively. PP2A and TTP protein expression increased significantly by 87% and 59%, as compared to their respective sham controls. However, PP2A and TTP siRNA treatment reduced the protein expression of PP2A and TTP in groups III and IV. The water content in the brain increased significantly by 77.4% in rats in which cerebral hemorrhage was induced (group II), as compared to the sham group. The water content in the brain increased by 84.1% and 78.7% in groups III and IV, respectively.

Conclusion

Taken together, these data indicate that TTP has a protective role against brain edema by reducing inflammation, apoptosis, and water content in the brain at 48 hr after cerebral hemorrhage. Our findings may be useful for developing important approaches to treating brain injury.
Application of 82Sr/82Rb generator in neurooncology
Authors: Kostenikov Nikolay A. , Zhuikov Boris L. , Chudakov Valeriy M. , Iliuschenko Yuriy R. , Shatik Sergey V. , Zaitsev Vadim V. , Sysoev Dmitriy S. , Stanzhevskiy Andrey A.
Published: February 2019

Introduction

The applicability of “Rubidium Chloride, 82Rb from Generator” radiopharmaceutical for brain tumors (BT) diagnostics is demonstrated on the basis of the application experience of the radiopharmaceutical in neurooncology.

Experimental

A total of 21 patients with various brain tumors and nonneoplastic abnormal brain masses were investigated.

Results and Discussions

The results of the imaging and differential diagnostics of malignant and benign tumors, nonneoplastic abnormal brain masses and lesions revealed the prevalence of high uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in the malignant tumors in comparison with benign glioma and arteriovenous malformations in which 82Rb‐chloride accumulates in the vascular phase but does not linger further. The ultra‐short half‐life of radionuclide 82Rb (76 s) along with a low absorbed radiation dose with 82Rb‐chloride by intravenous administration create a new possibility of successive use of two or more radiopharmaceuticals for the examination of the same patient. For instance, PET examination with 18F‐FDG, 11C‐methionine, 11C‐choline, or any other radiopharmaceutical can be carried out in just 7–15 min. after 82Rb‐chloride injection.

Conclusion

Research demonstrated an effectiveness of 82Rb‐chloride application as a diagnostic agent in neurooncology. A method of dosing and administration of the generator‐produced radiopharmaceutical has been worked out. It is possible to do up to 600 PET sessions using one Russian 82Rb generator GR‐01. The generator is proved to be reliable and easy to use. The interest in 82Rb‐chloride as a tumor‐seeking radiopharmaceutical rose due to the active application of the modern devices PET/CT in the routine clinical practice.
A systematic review of research investigating the physiological and psychological effects of combining Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng into a single treatment in humans: Implications for research design and analysis
Authors: Reay Jonathon Lee , van Schaik Paul , Wilson Christopher James
Published: February 2019

Background and Purpose

The traditional herbal supplements Panax ginseng and Ginkgo biloba are self‐medicated by members of the general public and prescribed by healthcare professionals in some EU countries for numerous health complaints. Clinical evidence is mixed and mechanisms of action are not fully understood. There is clinical interest into the synergistic effects of combining both herbs.

Methods

We systematically review the literature investigating the effects of combination treatments on physiological and psychological outcomes in humans. We identified all studies meeting inclusion criteria: (a) written in English; (b) peer‐reviewed; (c) conducted in humans; (d) including either a proprietary Panax ginseng/Ginkgo biloba treatment or a study preparation containing both; (e) placebo‐controlled; (f) utilizing standardized extracts. We critically discuss each trial; calculate standardized effect sizes where possible and provide recommendations for research design and analysis.

Results

Eight studies were identified and all investigated a proprietary combination treatment, Gincosan®. Studies are of high quality and robust; however, practice effects, choice of statistical model, and reliance upon null‐hypothesis significance testing hinder generalized estimates of effect. The most consistent results are benefits to aspects of the circulatory/cardiovascular system in patient populations and “secondary memory” performance in patient and healthy populations. Two studies demonstrate synergy in healthy populations following a single dose; however, synergy in patient populations and following repeated dosing has not yet been directly tested.

Conclusions

A Panax ginseng and Ginkgo biloba combination treatment can improve aspects of physiological and cognitive function in humans; however, evidence for synergy requires further investigation and future research should directly investigate synergy following repeated dosing.
Square Grid Metal–Chloranilate Networks as Robust Host Systems for Guest Sorption
Authors: Kingsbury Christopher J. , Abrahams Brendan F. , Auckett Josie E. , Chevreau Hubert , Dharma A. David , Duyker Samuel , He Qilin , Hua Carol , Hudson Timothy A. , Murray Keith S. , Phonsri Wasinee , Peterson Vanessa K. , Robson Richard , White Keith F.
Published: February 2019

Reaction of the chloranilate dianion with Y(NO3)3 in the presence of Et4N+ in the appropriate proportions results in the formation of (Et4N)[Y(can)2], which consists of anionic square‐grid coordination polymer sheets with interleaved layers of counter‐cations. These counter‐cations, which serve as squat pillars between [Y(can)2] sheets, lead to alignment of the square grid sheets and the subsequent generation of square channels running perpendicular to the sheets. The crystals are found to be porous and retain crystallinity following cycles of adsorption and desorption. This compound exhibits a high affinity for volatile guest molecules, which could be identified within the framework by crystallographic methods. In situ neutron powder diffraction indicates a size‐shape complementarity leading to a strong interaction between host and guest for CO2 and CH4. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments indicate significant interactions between the host framework and discrete I2 or Br2 molecules. A series of isostructural compounds (cat)[MIII(X‐an)2] with M=Sc, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Bi or In, cat=Et4N, Me4N and X‐an=chloranilate, bromanilate or cyanochloranilate bridging ligands have been generated. The magnetic properties of representative examples (Et4N)[Gd(can)2] and (Et4N)[Dy(can)2] are reported with normal DC susceptibility but unusual AC susceptibility data noted for (Et4N)[Gd(can)2].
Isomerizing Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Pollini Jacqueline , Pankau Wolf M. , Gooßen Lukas J.
Published: February 2019

Isomerizing olefin metathesis is currently undergoing a transformation from laboratory curiosity to powerful synthetic concept at the heart of orthogonal tandem catalysis. In this process, an isomerization catalyst continuously moves double bonds along carbon chains, while a metathesis catalyst scrambles the residues at the C−C double bonds. This cooperative action of two catalysts can be used to access single, defined products from a complex mixture of compounds. Alternatively, it enables the transformation of uniform starting materials into complex product blends with defined, tunable properties. This concept article highlights recent developments and potential applications of this fascinating reaction concept.
Bio‐Organometallic Derivatives of Antibacterial Drugs
Authors: Sierra Miguel A. , Casarrubios Luis , de la Torre María C.
Published: February 2019

Overuse and misuse of antibacterial drugs has resulted in bacteria resistance and in an increase in mortality rates due to bacterial infections. Therefore, there is an imperative necessity of new antibacterial drugs. Bio‐organometallic derivatives of antibacterial agents offer an opportunity to discover new active antibacterial drugs. These compounds are well‐characterized products and, in several examples, their antibacterial activities have been studied. Both inhibition of the antibacterial activity and strong increase in the antibiotic activity of the parent drug have been found. The synthesis of the main classes of bio‐organometallic derivatives of these drugs, as well as examples of the use of structure–activity relation (SAR) studies to increase the activity and to understand the mode of action of bio‐organometallic antimicrobial peptides (BOAMPs) and platensimicyn bio‐organometallic mimics is presented in this article.
Ligand Exchange Strategy for Tuning of Helicity Inversion Speeds of Dynamic Helical Tri(saloph) Metallocryptands
Authors: Sakata Yoko , Chiba Shunsuke , Miyashita Masato , Nabeshima Tatsuya , Akine Shigehisa
Published: February 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Shigehisa Akine at the Kanazawa University and the University of Tsukuba. The image depicts a scene with a triple helical molecule with a right‐handed helicity going into the world of mirror images upon the ligand exchange of the initial amines (orange‐colored) with the entering amines (green‐colored). Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201805799.
Chiroptical Properties of Twisted Acenes: Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Bedi Anjan , Gidron Ori
Published: February 2019

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Ori Gidron at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The image depicts a twisted anthracene backbone, in right‐ and left‐handed helicities. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201805728.
A Broad‐Spectrum Synthesis of Tetravinylethylenes
Authors: Horvath Kelsey L. , Newton Christopher G. , Roper Kimberley A. , Ward Jas S. , Sherburn Michael S.
Published: February 2019

The first general synthesis of compounds of the tetravinylethylene (TVE) family is reported. Ramirez‐type dibromo‐olefination of readily accessible penta‐1,4‐dien‐3‐ones generates 3,3‐dibromo[3]dendralenes, which undergo twofold Negishi, Suzuki–Miyaura or Mizoroki–Heck reactions with a wide variety of olefinic coupling partners. This route delivers a broad range of unsymmetrically substituted tetravinylethylenes with up to three different alkenyl substituents attached to the central C=C bond. The extensive scope of the approach is demonstrated by the preparation of the first higher order oligo‐alkenic through‐conjugated/cross‐conjugated hybrid compounds. An unsymmetrically substituted TVE is shown to undergo a domino electrocyclization–cycloaddition with high site‐selectivity and diastereoselectivity, thereby demonstrating the substantial synthetic potential of substituted TVEs for controlled, rapid structural complexity generation.
A Cocktail Interaction Study Evaluating the Drug‐Drug Interaction Potential of the Perpetrator Drug ASP8477 at Multiple Ascending Dose Levels
Authors: Treijtel Nicoline , Collins Christiane , van Bruijnsvoort Michel , Fuhr Rainard , Ernault Etienne , Gangaram‐Panday Shanti , Passier Paul
Published: February 2019

ASP8477 (molecular weight 325.36 g/mol) is a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor intended for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Results from in vitro studies indicated that ASP8477 is a direct inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 enzymes at expected efficacious concentrations, with the strongest effect on CYP2C19; a phase 1 study confirmed ASP8477 to be a CYP2C19 inhibitor. To further evaluate the interaction potential of ASP8477, a cocktail interaction study was performed using the probe substrates of the validated Inje cocktail containing losartan (CYP2C9), omeprazole (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), and midazolam (CYP3A4). Because ASP8477 shows nonlinear pharmacokinetics, 3 doses (20, 60, and 100 mg) were evaluated. This study revealed changes in exposure (area under the concentration‐time curve) of the probe substrates after treatment with 20, 60, and 100 mg ASP8477, respectively, compared with substrates alone with geometric mean ratios of: midazolam, 119%, 151%, and 158%; losartan, 107%, 144%, and 190%; omeprazole, 213%, 456%, and 610%; and dextromethorphan, 138%, 340%, and 555% (with increasing doses, respectively). Overall, ASP8477 was a weak inhibitor for CYP3A4 and CYP2C9, a moderate to strong inhibitor for CYP2C19, and a weak to strong inhibitor for CYP2D6, with doses from 20 to 100 mg. This study confirmed that the Inje cocktail approach was able to detect relevant drug‐drug interactions impacting further development of ASP8477 and future therapeutic use. With the approach used here, the inhibiting effect of a perpetrator drug on different CYP enzymes can be evaluated, and at different doses, thereby supporting dose recommendations for potential interactions.
A performance analysis of the first generation of HPC‐optimized Arm processors
Authors: McIntosh‐Smith Simon , Price James , Deakin Tom , Poenaru Andrei
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we present performance results from Isambard, the first production supercomputer to be based on Arm CPUs that have been optimized specifically for HPC. Isambard is the first Cray XC50 “Scout” system, combining Cavium ThunderX2 Arm‐based CPUs with Cray's Aries interconnect. The full Isambard system will be delivered in the summer of 2018, when it will contain over 10 000 Arm cores. In this work, we present node‐level performance results from eight early‐access nodes that were upgraded to B0 beta silicon in March 2018. We present node‐level benchmark results comparing ThunderX2 with mainstream CPUs, including Intel Skylake and Broadwell, as well as Xeon Phi. We focus on a range of applications and mini‐apps important to the UK national HPC service, ARCHER, as well as to the Isambard project partners and the wider HPC community. We also compare performance across three major software toolchains available for Arm: Cray's CCE, Arm's version of Clang/Flang/LLVM, and GNU.
Manipulation of Supramolecular Columnar Structures of H‐Bonded Donor‐Acceptor Units through Geometrical Nanoconfinement
Authors: Park Wongi , Feringán Beatriz , Yang Minyong , Ryu Seong Ho , Ahn Hyungju , Shin Tae Joo , Sierra Teresa , Giménez Raquel , Yoon Dong Ki
Published: February 2019

Ambipolar organic semiconductors are considered promising for organic electronics because of their interesting electric properties. Many hurdles remain yet to be overcome before they can be used for practical applications, especially because their orientation is hard to control. We demonstrate a method to control the orientation of columnar structures based on a hydrogen (H)‐bonded donor‐acceptor complex between a star‐shaped tris(triazolyl)triazine and triphenylene‐containing benzoic acid, using physicochemical nanoconfinement. The molecular configuration and supramolecular columnar assemblies in a one‐dimensional porous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) film were dramatically modulated by controlling the pore‐size and by chemical modification of the inner surface of the porous AAO film. In situ experiments using grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction (GIXRD) were carried out to investigate the structural evolution produced at the nanometer scale by varying physicochemical conditions. The resulting highly ordered nanostructures may open a new pathway to effectively control the alignment of liquid crystal ambipolar semiconductors.
Cadmium‐Based Coordination Polymers from 1D to 3D: Synthesis, Structures, and Photoluminescent and Electrochemiluminescent Properties
Authors: Chen Zhonghang , Zhang Shuhua , Zhang Shaomei , Sun Quanchun , Xiao Yu , Wang Kai
Published: February 2019

Cadmium‐based coordination polymers, namely, {[Cd(HL)(L)] ⋅ HN(Et)3}n (1), [Cd2(L)2(H2O)5]n (2), [Cd(L)(phen)]n (3), [Cd(L)(2,2′‐bpy)]n (4), [Cd(L)(4,4′‐bpy)]n (5), [Cd(L)(bpp)]n (6), [Cd(L)(dpa)]n (7), {[Cd(L)(dpa)] ⋅ H2O}n (8) (H2L=4,4′‐((p‐tolylazanediyl)bis(methylene))dibenzoic acid, phen=1,10‐phenanthroline, 2,2′‐bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, 4,4′‐bpy=4,4′‐bipyridine, bpp=1,3‐bis(4‐pyridyl)propane, dpa=bis(4‐pyridyl)amine) have been synthesized in hydro/solvothermal reactions. 1 is a 4‐connect 3D network with an eightfold interpenetrating diamond topology. The 1D ladder chain structure of 2 was composed of the dinuclear [Cd2(CO2)4] subunit bridged with two L2− ligands. 3 shows a 1D double‐chain with a channel formed by edging out the coordination water with the rigid co‐ligand phen. Polymer 4 displays a 2D lamellar structure based on superseding the coordination water molecules by the rigid chelating auxiliary ligands 2,2′‐bpy. By substituting the small molecules with a rigid bridging ligand 4,4′‐bpy, a 2D undulating structure of 5 was built. Compounds 6 and 7 exhibit a 2D layer structure with a 4‐connect (44 ⋅ 62) sql‐net. Compound 8 presents a 3D architecture with a sixfold interpenetrating diamond topology. Through our construction strategy, versatile structures from 1D–3D have been rationally designed by controlling the process condition and rigid/flexible of N‐donor spacers. Additionally, the photoluminescence, charge transfer, and electrochemical luminescence (ECL) properties of 1–8 have been demonstrated.
Photochromic Diarylethenes Designed for Surface Deposition: From Self‐Assembled Monolayers to Single Molecules
Authors: Dela Cruz Calupitan Jan Patrick , Galangau Olivier , Nakashima Takuya , Kawai Tsuyoshi , Rapenne Gwénaël
Published: February 2019

The efficient switching that can occur between two stable isomers of diarylethenes makes them particularly promising targets for opto‐ and molecular electronics. To examine these classes of molecules for electronics applications, they have been subjected to a series of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments, which are the focus of this Review. A brief introduction to the chemical design of diarylethenes in terms of their switching capabilities along with the basics of STM are presented. Next, initial STM studies on these compounds under ambient conditions are discussed. An overview of how molecular design affects the isomerization and self‐assembly of diarylethenes at the solid‐liquid interface as investigated by STM is then presented, as well as single‐molecule studies under ultrahigh vacuum. The last section presents further prospects for molecular design in the field.
Scalable Synthesis of Sequence‐Defined Oligomers via Photoflow Chemistry
Authors: Van De Walle Matthias , De Bruycker Kevin , Junkers Tanja , Blinco James P. , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: February 2019

The development of practical routes that enable the synthesis of unimolecular non‐natural macromolecules on multi‐gram scales remains a key challenge in polymer chemistry. Herein, we present a continuous flow setup employing the light‐induced chemistry based on photocaged dienes as a controlled ligation system to establish a new platform for scalable monodisperse macromolecular synthesis. 800 mg of sequence‐defined linear chains with 8 repeating units were obtained in a sequential protecting group based 2‐step process. The current study demonstrates that photoflow synthesis is a viable approach to generate large quantities of monodisperse oligomers.
Flow Cytometry Applications in the Diagnosis of T/NK‐Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders
Authors: Jevremovic Dragan , Olteanu Horatiu
Published: February 2019

This article provides an overview of the role of flow cytometry in the diagnosis, prognosis, and follow‐up of T and NK‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders. For each category, we will briefly discuss the immunophenotypic features of normal T and NK cells, and address technical issues in flow cytometry, the approach to diagnosis in various contexts, pitfalls in interpretation, and its use in follow‐up and post‐therapy management. In addition to reviewing the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic utility of flow cytometric immunophenotyping in several of specific T and NK cell entities, we will also cover some of the new immunophenotypic markers. Furthermore, we will touch upon incorporation of flow cytometry in the final diagnosis, including correlation with other ancillary tests. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
1H−15N HMBC NMR as a tool for rapid identification of isomeric azaindoles: The case of 5F‐MDMB‐P7AICA
Authors: Martek Bruno Aleksander , Mihelač Mateja , Gazvoda Martin , Virant Miha , Urankar Damijana , Krivec Marko , Gostič Tomaž , Nemec Brigita , Koštrun Bojana , Janežič Mojca , Klemenc Sonja , Košmrlj Janez
Published: February 2019

The high frequency of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) emergence renders this group of new psychoactive compounds particularly demanding in terms of detection, identification, and responding. Without the available reference material, one of the specific problems is differentiation and structure elucidation of constitutional isomers. Herein, we report a simple and efficient flow chart diagram applicable for a rapid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) identification and differentiation between azaindoles, 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐azaindole, which is a common structural motif of synthetic cannabinoids. The flow chart diagram is based on 1H NMR and 1H–15N NMR spectra, and to prove the concept, it has been tested on 5F‐MDMB‐P7AICA (1). Spectral and analytical data including standard 1D and 2D NMR spectra, gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS), Fourier transform infrared−attenuated total reflectant (FTIR−ATR), Raman, melting point, and combustion analysis are provided for compound 1.