bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amino-functionalized vertically ordered mesoporous silica film on electrochemically polarized screen-printed carbon electrodes for the construction of gated electrochemical aptasensors and sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigens
Authors: He Ke , Wang Hongxin , Luo Tao , Yan Fei , Guo Jing
Published: November 2024

Disposable electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity are very fit for point-of-care testing in clinical diagnosis. Herein, amino-functionalized, vertically ordered mesoporous silica films (NH2-VMSF) attached to an electrochemically polarized screen-printed carbon electrode (p-SPCE) are prepared using a simple electrochemical method and then utilized to construct a gated electrochemical aptasensor for rapid and sensitive determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). After being treated with the electrochemical polarization procedure, p-SPCE has plentiful oxygen-containing groups and improved catalytic ability, which help promote the stability of NH2-VMSF on SPCE without the use of an adhesive layer and simultaneously generate a highly electroactive sensing interface. Owing to the numerous uniform and ultrasmall nanopores of NH2-VMSF, CEA-specific aptamer anchored on the external surface of NH2-VMSF/p-SPCE serves as the gatekeeper, allowing the specific recognition and binding of CEA and eventually impeding the ingress of electrochemical probes [Fe(CN)63−/4−] through the silica nanochannels. The declined electrochemical responses of Fe(CN)63−/4− can be used to quantitatively detect CEA, yielding a wide detection range (100 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL) and a low limit of detection (24 fg/mL). Moreover, the proposed NH2-VMSF/p-SPCE-based electrochemical aptasensor can be applied to detect the amount of CEA in spiked human serum samples, which extends the biological application of a disposable NH2-VMSF/p-SPCE sensor by modulating the biological recognition species.
Impact of endogenous viral elements on glioma clinical phenotypes by inducing OCT4 in the host
Authors: Li Shirong , He Shuai , Xue Haoyu , He Yi
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) are viral sequences integrated within the host genome that can influence gene regulation and tumor development. While EVEs have been implicated in cancer, their role in regulating key transcription factors in glioblastoma (GBM) remains underexplored. This study investigates the relationship between EVEs and the activation of OCT4, a critical transcription factor in GBM progression.

Methods

We utilized CancerHERVdb and HervD Atlas databases to identify potential interactions between EVEs and key genes involved in GBM. Data from 273 GBM patient samples in the TCGA database were analyzed to examine the correlation between OCT4 expression and mutations in glioma-related genes. Furthermore, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) were assessed for the expression levels of OCT4 and SOX2, and Pearson correlation analysis was performed.

Results

Our analysis revealed that OCT4 is a pivotal gene activated by EVEs in GBM. OCT4 expression was significantly correlated with mutations in key glioma-associated genes. Higher OCT4 levels were associated with poorer patient prognosis, higher tumor grades, and older age. Additionally, GSCs exhibited elevated expression of both OCT4 and SOX2, with a positive correlation observed between these two genes in GBM patients.

Discussion

This study highlights the potential role of EVEs in driving GBM progression through the activation of OCT4. The findings emphasize the importance of OCT4 in GBM malignancy and suggest that targeting EVE-mediated pathways may provide new therapeutic approaches for GBM treatment.
FHG-PR: a hybridized fuzzy-AHP and game theory model for assessing privacy risk on social media platforms
Authors: Falana Olorunjube James , Ojeaga Trust , Naeem Hamad , Aborisade Dada Olaniyi , Alsirhani Amjad , Alserhani Faeiz
Published: November 2024

Social media platforms have become integral to our daily lives, enabling global connectivity and interaction. Current research provides general solutions for mitigating privacy risks, but it does not focus on particular platforms. However, the voluntary sharing of personal information on these platforms presents considerable privacy risks, highlighting the need for effective risk assessment mechanisms. This study presents a hybrid approach that uses the fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and game theory to estimate privacy risks on Meta and X. We used a fuzzy AHP to rank determinant variables based on surveys of social media users and professionals. These weighted criteria were then used in a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework using cooperative game theory to discover ways to lower privacy hazards. The model accurately analyzed the privacy threats on Meta and X, recommending alternate techniques for preventing breaches in data privacy. The cooperative game theory method allows stakeholders to collaborate on creating privacy-preserving measures. The findings emphasize the model’s ability to address platform-specific privacy threats, as well as its flexibility in other social media settings. The model’s potential for real-world application is demonstrated by its ability to provide practical risk reduction measures, which improve privacy protection for social media users.
Recent progress in atmospheric modeling over the Andes – part II: projected changes and modeling challenges
Authors: Junquas C. , Martinez J. A. , Bozkurt D. , Viale M. , Fita L. , Trachte K. , Campozano L. , Arias P. A. , Boisier J. P. , Condom T. , Goubanova K. , Pabón-Caicedo J. D. , Poveda G. , Solman S. A. , Sörensson A. A. , Espinoza J. C.
Published: November 2024

In the Andes, the complex topography and unique latitudinal extension of the cordillera are responsible for a wide diversity of climate gradients and contrasts. Part I of this series reviews the current modeling efforts in simulating key atmospheric-orographic processes for the weather and climate of the Andean region. Building on this foundation, Part II focuses on global and regional climate models challenging task of correctly simulating changes in surface-atmosphere interactions and hydroclimate processes to provide reliable future projections of hydroclimatic trajectories in the Andes Cordillera. We provide a review of recent advances in atmospheric modeling to identify and produce reliable hydroclimate information in the Andes. In particular, we summarize the most recent modeling research on projected changes by the end of the 21st century in terms of temperature and precipitation over the Andes, the mountain elevation-dependent warming signal, and land cover changes. Recent improvements made in atmospheric kilometer-scale model configurations (e.g., resolution, parameterizations and surface forcing data) are briefly reviewed, highlighting their impact on modeling results in the Andes for precipitation, atmospheric and surface-atmosphere interaction processes, as mentioned in recent studies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and perspectives of climate modeling, with a focus on the hydroclimate of the Andes.
Prospecting potential evaluation based on geological factor analysis-a case study of Jiaojiacheng ore belt
Authors: Ma Zhaoyang , Qiao Yakai , Jing Ming
Published: November 2024

Mineral forecasting is of great significance for social development. As an important aspect of geological exploration, its importance lies not only in its direct contribution to economic growth but also in how it employs precise technical methods for mineral exploration. This study utilizes a geological factor analysis method that combines various complex geological observation factors into a few dominant comprehensive factors, followed by causal research and multivariate statistical analysis for classification. Based on this, the study applies principles and methods of elemental geochemistry to identify the dispersion and concentration patterns of associated elements from the distribution characteristics of ordered accompanying factors, providing a scientific basis for mineralization forecasting. Using geochemical experimental data, geological survey comprehensive profiles, and factor score contour maps, this paper analyzes the southern extension segment of the Jiaojia gold mine mineralization belt through geological factor analysis. It was found that the anomalous distribution of chemical elements F4 (Hg, Au, Pb) exhibits certain regularities, which significantly indicate mineralization information and suggest the presence of two main longitudinal mineralization belts.
Enhancing EFL learners’ engagement in situational language skills through clustered digital materials
Authors: Salih Abdelrahman Abdalla , Omar Lamis Ismail
Published: November 2024

The tertiary education environment requires students learning English to acquire and develop oral and speaking competencies since they are expected to use communication skills in diverse contexts that serve various purposes. This study investigates the efficacy of clustered digital materials, including TED Talks, digital posters, short films, and newspaper cartoons, in enhancing the English-speaking proficiency of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in an Omani higher learning institution. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study analyzes data from 37 undergraduate EFL students in digital material-aided situational English classes using statistical tests and qualitative descriptions. Data were collected from participants’ questionnaire responses, semi-structured interviews, and teacher notes. The study reveals that participants preferred incorporating digital materials that required high metacognitive skills and enhanced critical thinking as confirmed by a paired-sample t-test (p < 0.05). Results also demonstrate that participants rated posters as the most desirable digital material, improving speaking and motivating interaction. The findings of the study have important implications for teachers to adopt unconventional pedagogic strategies for coaching, scaffolding, and supporting students while implementing digital materials in conversation classes. This result implies that clustering digital materials in planning pedagogic situational English activities provides language learners with diverse opportunities to collaboratively practice speaking and improve oral and communication competencies.
Euthyroid sick syndrome predicts the risk of ischemic stroke-associated pneumonia in the acute stage of ischemic stroke: a nested case-control study
Authors: Yu Shuai , Yan Jia , Logan Robert , Tang Wei-Ting , Ye Jun-Nan , Feng Hong-Xuan , Wang Mei-Xia , Xu Qin-Rong , Jiang Xu-Li , Lin Hai-Yan , Wu Guan-Hui , Gui Qian , Duan Ting-Ting
Published: November 2024

Objective

Ischemic stroke-associated pneumonia (iSAP) affects about 10% of acute ischemic stroke patients during hospitalization. Current prediction scales for iSAP are insufficient. Identifying early biomarkers for stroke-associated pneumonia is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) for iSAP in acute-stage of ischemic stroke patients.

Methods

We studied 1767 acute ischemic stroke patients within one week of symptom onset, categorizing them into an infection group (iSAP, n=376) and control group (control, n=1391). COX regression analysis was used to identify the potential risk and protected factors. Kaplan-Meier time-event curves and Log-Rank tests were performed to differentiate infection time in patients with ESS or normal T3 group.

Results

The iSAP group had higher rates of risk factors like older age, atrial fibrillation, COPD, and ESS, along with elevated levels of WBC, CRP,and FT4 levels (all P < 0.001). Conversely, iSAP patients had lower GCS scores, eGFR, TSH, T3, FT3 (all P < 0.001) and T4 levels (P = 0.005) upon admission. No significant differences were observed in sex, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, or LDL-C levels (P > 0.05). COX regression analysis identified age, KWST scores, leukocyte count, CRP, and ESS (all P < 0.001) as significantly correlated with iSAP. ROC analysis revealed ESS as a predictor with sensitivity of 35.64% and specificity of 87.92% for SAP prediction, like atrial fibrillation and higher than COPD and eGFR.

Conclusion

ESS at admission predicts a higher risk of stroke-associated pneumonia in acute-stage of ischemic stroke.
COVID-19 latent age-specific mortality in US states: a county-level spatio-temporal analysis with counterfactuals
Authors: Lawson Andrew B. , Xin Yao
Published: November 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, which spanned much of 2020–2023 and beyond, daily case and death counts were recorded globally. In this study, we examined available mortality counts and associated case counts, with a focus on the estimation missing information related to age distributions. In this paper, we explored a model-based paradigm for generating age distributions of mortality counts in a spatio-temporal context. We pursued this aim by employing Bayesian spatio-temporal lagged dependence models for weekly mortality at the county level. We compared three US states at the county level: South Carolina (SC), Ohio, and New Jersey (NJ). Models were developed for mortality counts using Bayesian spatio-temporal constructs, incorporating both dependence on current and cumulative case counts and lagged dependence on previous deaths. Age dependence was predicted based on total deaths in proportion to population estimates. This latent age field was generated as counterfactuals and then compared to observed deaths within age groups. The optimal retrospective space–time models for weekly mortality counts were those with lagged dependence and a function of caseload. Added random effects were found to vary across states: Ohio favored a spatially correlated model, while SC and NJ favored a simpler formulation. The generation of age-specific latent fields was performed for SC only and compared to a 15-month, 13-county data set of observed >65 age population. It is possible to model spatio-temporal variations in mortality at the county level with lagged dependencies, spatial effects, and case dependencies. In addition, it is also possible to generate latent age-specific fields based on estimates of death risk (using population proportions or more sophisticated modeling approaches). More detailed data will be needed to make more calibrated comparisons for future epidemic monitoring. The proposed discrepancy tool could serve as a useful resource for public health planners in tailoring interventions during epidemic situations.
Genomic evaluation of residual feed intake in US Holstein cows: insights into lifetime feed efficiency
Authors: Khanal P. , Johnson J. , Gouveia G. , Utsunomiya A.T.H. , Ross P. , Deeb N.
Published: November 2024

Residual feed intake (RFI) is an important trait of feed efficiency that has been increasingly considered in the breeding objectives for dairy cattle. The objectives of this study were to estimate the genetic parameters of RFI and its component traits, namely, dry-matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW), and energy-corrected milk (ECM), in lactating Holstein cows; we thus developed a system for genomic evaluation of RFI in lactating Holstein cows and explored the associations of the RFI of heifers and cows. The RFI values were calculated from 2,538 first (n = 2,118) and second (n = 420) lactation Holsteins cows between 2020 and 2024 as part of the STgenetics EcoFeed® program. Of the animals, 1,516 were heifers from the same research station with previously established RFI values . After quality control, 61,283 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used for the analyses. Univariate analyses were performed to estimate the heritabilities of RFI and its components in lactating cows; bivariate analyses were then performed to estimate the genetic correlations between the RFI of heifers and lactating cows using the genomic best unbiased linear prediction method. Animals with phenotypes and genotypes were used as the training population, and animals with only genotypes were considered the prediction population. The reliability of breeding values was obtained by approximation based on partitioning a function of the accuracy of the training population’s genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) and magnitudes of genomic relationships between the individuals in the training and prediction populations. The heritability estimates (mean ± SE) of the RFI, DMI, ECM, and BW were 0.43 ± 0.07, 0.44 ± 0.04, 0.40 ± 0.05, and 0.46 ± 0.04, respectively. The average reliability of the GEBVs for RFI from the training and prediction populations were 44% and 30%, respectively. The genetic correlations for the RFI were 0.42 ± 0.08 between heifers and first lactation cows and 0.34 ± 0.06 between heifers and first and second lactation cows. Our results show that the genetic components of RFI are not fully carried over from heifers to cows and that there is re-ranking of the individuals at different life stages. Selection of animals for feed efficiency on a lifetime basis thus requires accounting for the efficiencies during animal growth and milk production as a lactating cow.
Gene expression-based modeling of overall survival in Black or African American patients with lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Bin , McHale Stephanie S. , Van Scoyk Michelle , Riddick Gregory , Wu Pei-Ying , Chou Chu-Fang , Chen Ching-Yi , Winn Robert A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Black/African American (B/AA) populations, in particular, exhibit the highest incidence and mortality rates of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in the United States.

Methods

This study aims to explore gene expression patterns linked to LUAD in B/AA and case-matched white patients, with the goal of developing predictive models for prognosis. Leveraging RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, genes and pathways associated with overall survival (OS) were identified.

Results

The OS-associated genes in B/AA patients were distinct from those in white patients, showing predominant enrichment in immune-related pathways. Furthermore, mRNA co-expression network analysis revealed that OS-associated genes in B/AA patients had higher levels of interaction with various pathways, including those related to immunity, cell-ECM interaction, and specific intracellular signaling pathways. Notably, a potential B/AA-specific biomarker, C9orf64, demonstrated significant correlations with genes involved in immune response. Unsupervised machine learning algorithms stratified B/AA patients into groups with distinct survival outcomes, while supervised algorithms demonstrated a higher accuracy in predicting survival for B/AA LUAD patients compared to white patients.

Discussion

In total, this study explored OS-associated genes and pathways specific for B/AA LUAD patients. Further validation and clinical application of these findings are warranted to address disparities and improve outcomes in diverse patient populations.
The association between serum complement 4 and relapse of primary membranous nephropathy: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gan Wenyuan , Zhu Fan , Zeng Xingruo , Xiao Wei , Fang Xun , Su Licong , Chen Wenli
Published: November 2024

Background

Relapse after initial remission reduces renal survival in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN). In this study, we aim to identify risk factors of relapse in PMN and construct a model to identify patients at high risk of relapse early.

Methods

We conducted a multi-center retrospective study using the China Renal Data System database, which includes data from 24 urban academic centers across China. A prediction model based on the Cox proportional hazards model was derived in the derivation group and validated in the validation group.

Result

515 patients with biopsy-proven PMN achieving initial remission were enrolled. 32.62% of patients subsequently relapsed during a median of 6.08 months. Lower serum albumin (Alb) (per 1 g/L decrease, hazard ratio [HR] =1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29–1.78, p < 0.001), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (per 10 mL/min/1.73m2 decrease, HR =1.14, 95% CI 0.97–1.49, p < 0.001), higher serum complement 4 (C4) (per 0.1 g/L increase, HR =1.89, 95% CI 1.32–3.22, p = 0.012), partial remission (PR) (HR =2.28, 95%CI 1.74–4.04, p < 0.001), and treatment with calcineurin inhibitors (CINs) (HR =1.33, 95%CI 1.04–1.64, p < 0.001) at the time of remission were risk factors for relapse. C-statistic, time-dependent areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve, and calibration plots confirmed that the model had excellent discrimination and calibration in predicting PMN relapse. The anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody (aPLA2Rab) titers and pathologic features did not substantially improve the model.

Conclusion

Our study confirms the well-known low Alb and eGFR, PR, and treatment of CNIs at the time of remission as risk factors for PMN relapse, but aPLA2Rab and pathologic features may not predict relapse. In addition, it is the first study to show serum C4 is associated with PMN relapse. We suggest that complement-targeted therapies may be a potential therapy to prevent PMN relapse.
Empowering primary care physicians in child and adolescent psychiatry: a needs assessment on collaborative care in Dubai
Authors: Berbenyuk Anna , Alameeri Asma , Ismail Asma Bin , Zary Nabil , Sultan Meshal A.
Published: November 2024

Background

Child and adolescent psychiatric disorders pose significant public health concerns necessitating prompt intervention. Primary care physicians (PCPs) play a critical role as initial points of contact, facilitating early detection, management, and referral of these conditions. In Dubai, integrating mental health services into primary care faces unique challenges, highlighting the need for systemic reforms and enhanced PCP training.

Objective

This study investigated perceptions, barriers, and systemic challenges encountered by PCPs in managing child and adolescent psychiatric conditions in Dubai’s primary care setting. It also assessed family physicians’ involvement and preparedness in this domain.

Methods

Using a mixed-methods approach, we conducted a survey among family physicians in Dubai Health facilities and analyzed patient data from family medicine clinics. The survey evaluated formal training, preparedness, encounter frequency, and referral patterns for psychiatric care in young patients. Qualitative insights from open-ended survey questions provided additional understanding of specific challenges.

Results

Findings revealed significant gaps in formal training, with only 33.3% of respondents trained in child and adolescent psychiatry during medical education, and 21.1% participating in Continuing Medical Education (CME). A majority (54.4%) of PCPs felt unprepared to manage psychiatric care in young patients. Patient data analysis showed a predominance of male patients (59.9%) and identified Autism Spectrum Disorder (43.1%) as the most common condition, emphasizing the reliance on specialized care through a high referral rate (63.1%). Major barriers included time constraints, limited psychiatric knowledge, resistance to mental health services, systemic and structural issues, communication challenges, and resource shortages.

Conclusion

Enhanced training and systemic reforms are urgently needed to integrate mental health services effectively into Dubai’s primary care. Implementing structured collaborative care models, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration, and addressing systemic barriers are crucial for improving child and adolescent psychiatric condition management. These initiatives promise better patient outcomes and more efficient healthcare resource utilization.
Antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors and phylogenetic profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the eastern coast of Shenzhen
Authors: Lian Xian Qiang , Liu Guo Dong , Huang Miao Fen , Fan Qiu Hua , Lin Zi Dan
Published: November 2024

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a major food-borne pathogen which causes human gastroenteritis. Since the characteristics of V. parahaemolyticus remain unknown, 220 isolates selected from clinical and environmental samples in Dapeng of Shenzhen were tested for the presence of two hemolysin-expressing genes tdh and trh. Among 27 clinical isolates, 26 carrired the tdh gene, and the other one carried both tdh and trh genes, however neither genes were detected in environmental isolates. Meanwhile, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles revealed the isolates with high frequency of resistance to ampicillin (77.73%) and colistin (71.82%) and medium to streptomycin (57.27%). Genetically, by whole genome sequencing (WGS), comparative genomics studies was performed on isolates from various districts and GenBank. Data analysis showed that antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) blaCARB, tet(34) and tet(35) were harbored in all genomes and other ARGs was absent in the genomes of 27 clinical isolates. Besides, little regional difference was observed. As for virulence factors, MAM7, T3SS1, T3SS1 secret effector, T3SS2, T3SS2 secret effector, and VpadF were carried by most isolates. Two isolates from other districts were tdh gene positive which clustered with clinical isolates from Dapeng in the same clade, indicating close genetic distance. This study revealed the widely distribution of V. parahaemolyticus in Shenzhen and the diverse ARGs and virulence genes it carried. Furthermore, pathways that pathogen disseminated through were discussed.
Microbiomes of urban trees: unveiling contributions to atmospheric pollution mitigation
Authors: Gandolfi Isabella , Canedoli Claudia , Rosatelli Asia , Covino Stefano , Cappelletti David , Sebastiani Bartolomeo , Tatangelo Valeria , Corengia Davide , Pittino Francesca , Padoa-Schioppa Emilio , Báez-Matus Ximena , Hernández Lisette , Seeger Michael , Saati-Santamaría Zaki , García-Fraile Paula , López-Mondéjar Rubén , Ambrosini Roberto , Papacchini Maddalena , Franzetti Andrea
Published: November 2024

Urban trees are crucial in delivering essential ecosystem services, including air pollution mitigation. This service is influenced by plant associated microbiomes, which can degrade hydrocarbons, support tree health, and influence ecological processes. Yet, our understanding of tree microbiomes remains limited, thus affecting our ability to assess and quantify the ecosystem services provided by trees as complex systems. The main hypothesis of this work was that tree microbiomes concur to hydrocarbon biodegradation, and was tested through three case studies, which collectively investigated two tree micro-habitats (phyllosphere and tree cavity organic soil—TCOS) under various conditions representing diverse ecological scenarios, by applying different culture-based and molecular techniques and at different scales. The integration of all results provided a more comprehensive understanding of the role of microbiomes in urban trees. Firstly, bacterial strains isolated from the phyllosphere of Quercus ilex were characterized, indicating the presence of Plant-Growth Promoting bacteria and strains able to catabolize PAHs, particularly naphthalene and phenanthrene. Secondly, naphthalene biodegradation on artificially spiked Hedera helix leaves was quantified in greenhouse experiments on inoculated and untreated plants. The persistence of the inoculated strain and community structure of epiphytic bacteria were assessed by Illumina sequencing of V5–V6 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene. Results showed that naphthalene degradation was initially faster on inoculated plants but later the degradation rates became similar, probably because bacterial populations with hydrocarbon-degrading abilities gradually developed also on non-inoculated plants. Finally, we explored bacterial and fungal biodiversity hosted by TCOS samples, collected from six large trees located in an urban park and belonging to different species. Microbial communities were characterized by Illumina sequencing of V5–V6 hypervariable regions of bacterial gene 16S rRNA and of fungal ITS1. Results indicated TCOS as a distinct substrate, whose microbiome is determined both by the host tree and by canopy environmental conditions and has a pronounced aerobic hydrocarbon degradation potential. Overall, a better assessment of biodiversity associated with trees and the subsequent provision of ecosystem services constitute a first step toward developing future new microbe-driven sustainable solutions, especially in terms of support for urban green planning and management policy.
Bibliometric analysis of research hotspots and trends on the relationship between the gut microbiota and depression from 2020 to 2024
Authors: Xu Dingwen , Wu Jijun , Lu Zhihua , Zhao Xu , Feng Yang , Zhang Weicai , Jiang Shenglu , Zhang Lingling , Wang Ting , Zhao Zhenxiong
Published: November 2024

Introduction

In recent years, an increasing body of research has illustrated a strong correlation between gut microbiota and depression. However, there has yet to be a comprehensive discussion or summary of the latest advancements and trends in this field.

Methods

We retrieved research articles focused on gut microbiota and depression through the WOS database from 2020 to 2024, using visual text analysis tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer.

Results

The literature on the relationship between gut microbiota and depression surged from 396 papers in 2020 to 711 by 2024. During this period, the journal with the highest publication rate was Nutrients. China led the countries in contributions, while University College Cork topped the institutions. Kenji Hashimoto emerged as the most prolific author. The most cited paper was authored by Cryan JF et al., published in 2019 in Physiol Rev. The keywords “gut microbiota,” “depression,” and “anxiety” appeared most frequently, while recent years saw explosive increases in terms such as “growth performance,” “receptors,” “depression-like phenotypes,” “stress response,” “gastrointestinal symptoms,” “reliability,” and “neurogenesis.”

Discussion

Our article displayed the overview of the relationship between the gut microbiome and depression from 2020 to 2024 using bibliometric methods, providing perspectives and research hotspots for studies exploring the correlation between the gut microbiome and depression.
Proteomics analysis of extracellular vesicles for biomarkers of autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Ali Moussa Houda Yasmine , Shin Kyung Chul , de la Fuente Alberto , Bensmail Ilham , Abdesselem Houari B. , Ponraj Janarthanan , Mansour Said , Al-Shaban Fouad A. , Stanton Lawrence W. , Abdulla Sara A. , Park Yongsoo
Published: November 2024

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms that include social interaction deficits, language difficulties and restricted, repetitive behavior. Early intervention through medication and behavioral therapy can eliminate some ASD-related symptoms and significantly improve the life-quality of the affected individuals. Currently, the diagnosis of ASD is highly limited.

Methods

To investigate the feasibility of early diagnosis of ASD, we tested extracellular vesicles (EVs) proteins obtained from ASD cases. First, plasma EVs were isolated from healthy controls (HCs) and ASD individuals and were analyzed using proximity extension assay (PEA) technology to quantify 1,196 protein expression level. Second, machine learning analysis and bioinformatic approaches were applied to explore how a combination of EV proteins could serve as biomarkers for ASD diagnosis.

Results

No significant differences in the EV morphology and EV size distribution between HCs and ASD were observed, but the EV number was slightly lower in ASD plasma. We identified the top five downregulated proteins in plasma EVs isolated from ASD individuals: WW domain-containing protein 2 (WWP2), Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), C-type lectin domain family 1 member B (CLEC1B), Cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), and folate receptor alpha (FRalpha). Machine learning analysis and correlation analysis support the idea that these five EV proteins can be potential biomarkers for ASD.

Conclusion

We identified the top five downregulated proteins in ASD EVs and examined that a combination of EV proteins could serve as biomarkers for ASD diagnosis.
Association between exercise habits in adolescence and old age and the risk of mild cognitive impairment: the Bunkyo health study
Authors: Shi Huicong , Tabata Hiroki , Otsuka Hikaru , Iwashimizu Takahito , Kaga Hideyoshi , Someya Yuki , Abudurezake Abulaiti , Kakehi Saori , Naito Hitoshi , Yoshizawa Yasuyo , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka , Tamura Yoshifumi
Published: November 2024

Background

Exercise in adolescence and old age improves cognitive function in older adults, but the combined effect of exercise habits in both periods is controversial. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between exercise habits in adolescence and old age and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to compare regional brain volumes and blood biochemical markers associated with cognitive function in older adults.

Methods

Baseline data of 1615 participants aged 65–84 years from the Bunkyo Health Study were analyzed. MCI was diagnosed using the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Participants were divided into four groups based on their exercise habits in adolescence (13–18 years) and old age: no exercise in either period (None-None), exercise in adolescence only (Active-None), exercise in old age only (None-Active), and exercise in both periods (Active-Active). Logistic regression models estimated the odds ratios (ORs) of MCI prevalence. Regional brain volumes, such as the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, parietal cortex, and hippocampus, and blood biochemical markers, such as BDNF, IGF-1, and homocysteine, were compared between groups.

Results

The OR for MCI was significantly lower in the Active-Active group than in the None-None group (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41–0.94). However, there were no significant differences in regional brain volumes and blood biochemical markers between the Active-Active and None-None groups.

Conclusions

Older adults with exercise habits in both adolescence and old age have a lower risk of MCI. However, specific regional brain volumes and biochemical markers may not be associated with differences in cognitive function in older adults.
Progress in treatment of pathological neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Jian , Kang Wenqing , Wang Xi , Pan Fang
Published: November 2024

Pathological neuropathic pain is a common complication following spinal cord injury. Due to its high incidence, prolonged duration, tenacity, and limited therapeutic efficacy, it has garnered increasing attention from both basic researchers and clinicians. The pathogenesis of neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury is multifaceted, involving factors such as structural and functional alterations of the central nervous system, pain signal transduction, and inflammatory effects, posing significant challenges to clinical management. Currently, drugs commonly employed in treating spinal cord injury induced neuropathic pain include analgesics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and antiepileptics. However, a subset of patients often experiences suboptimal therapeutic responses or severe adverse reactions. Therefore, emerging treatments are emphasizing a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to enhance neuropathic pain management. We provide a comprehensive review of past literature, which aims to aim both the mechanisms and clinical interventions for pathological neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury, offering novel insights for basic science research and clinical practice in spinal cord injury treatment.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in the management of epilepsy: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Chen Yujie , Ou Zhujing , Hao Nanya , Zhang Hesheng , Zhang Enhui , Zhou Dong , Wu Xintong
Published: November 2024

Background

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has recently become a novel and non-invasive treatment option for refractory epilepsy. Previous systematic reviews have suggested that tDCS may be effective in treating epilepsy, this study presents the first meta-analysis on its effectiveness.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from database inception to May 2024. The Cochrane risk of bias tool RoB2.0 was used to assess the risk of bias. Primary outcomes included changes in seizure frequency from baseline and the proportion of patients with a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency.

Results

Of the 608 studies initially identified, 14 were finally included. The pooled results from the random-effects model indicated that tDCS significantly reduced seizure frequency (WMD 0.41, 95% CI 0.24, 0.59). Further subgroup analysis revealed that tDCS significantly reduced seizure frequency in temporal lobe epilepsy, and seizure frequency was more alleviated in studies that had treatment sessions of fewer than 5 times, and followed up within 2 months' post-treatment. Only four studies provided data on patients with a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency, showing no significant difference (RR 2.96, 95% CI 0.85, 10.32). In the systematic review, three studies analyzed cognitive function changes after tDCS treatment, but none reported significant improvements. The most common side effect during tDCS treatment was transient tingling, and no patients required additional life-support measures due to side effects.

Conclusion

The current meta-analysis on available trials indicates that tDCS can effectively reduce seizure frequency in the short term and is well-tolerated. However, its impact on cognitive improvement in epilepsy patients requires further investigation.

Systematic review registration

https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2024-6-0033/, identifier INPLASY202460033.
Variability of day-to-day pulsatility index change in children with cerebral malaria
Authors: Jordan Jeremy , O’Brien Nicole , Li Peng , Musungufu Davin Ambitapio , Ekandji Robert Tandjeka , Mbaka Jean Pongo , Mayindombe Ludovic , Giresse Buba , Phiri Tusekile , June Sylvester , Gushu Co Montfort Bernard , Tshimanga Taty , Reuter-Rice Karin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Cerebral malaria (CM) is a devastating disease and better understanding of etiologies of the resulting neurologic injury is needed. The purpose of this study is to describe the day-to-day (DTD) pulsatility index (PI) change measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD), a novel measure of cerebral and vascular changes, in children with CM.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 122 children in sub-Saharan Africa with CM and 3 or more sequential TCD measurements was performed. Variability of DTD PI change was calculated as a measure of changes in vasculature overtime. Neurologic outcome was determined by the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) score, a measure of neurologic function.

Results

Of the 122 participants, 77.9% had a good neurologic outcome (no neurologic sequelae), and 22.1% had a poor outcome (neurologic sequelae or died). Patients who had a poor neurologic outcome had higher levels of variability of DTD PI change in the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) (0.14 ± 0.21) and left MCA (0.17 ± 0.41) compared to those who had a good neurologic outcome (0.1 ± 0.1 and 0.11 ± 0.19, respectively). A higher variability of both left and right MCA DTD PI change was also associated with higher brain volume assessed through neuroimaging.

Discussion

Variability of DTD PI change may provide early prognostic information regarding PCPC outcomes and brain volume changes seen in CM patients. Expanded research on pathophysiologic contributors to variability of DTD PI changes in children with CM is warranted.
Asymmetric Large Kernel Distillation Network for efficient single image super-resolution
Authors: Qu Daokuan , Ke Yuyao
Published: November 2024

Recently, significant advancements have been made in the field of efficient single-image super-resolution, primarily driven by the innovative concept of information distillation. This method adeptly leverages multi-level features to facilitate high-resolution image reconstruction, allowing for enhanced detail and clarity. However, many existing approaches predominantly emphasize the enhancement of distilled features, often overlooking the critical aspect of improving the feature extraction capabilities of the distillation module itself. In this paper, we address this limitation by introducing an asymmetric large-kernel convolution design. By increasing the size of the convolution kernel, we expand the receptive field, which enables the model to more effectively capture long-range dependencies among image pixels. This enhancement significantly improves the model's perceptual ability, leading to more accurate reconstructions. To maintain a manageable level of model complexity, we adopt a lightweight architecture that employs asymmetric convolution techniques. Building on this foundation, we propose the Lightweight Asymmetric Large Kernel Distillation Network (ALKDNet). Comprehensive experiments conducted on five widely recognized benchmark datasets-Set5, Set14, BSD100, Urban100, and Manga109-indicate that ALKDNet not only preserves efficiency but also demonstrates performance enhancements relative to existing super-resolution methods. The average PSNR and SSIM values show improvements of 0.10 dB and 0.0013, respectively, thereby achieving state-of-the art performance.
Nutrition among nursing home residents: results from the NutriCare study
Authors: Lavriša Živa , Pravst Igor , Krušič Sanja , Hren Neža , Gregorič Nadan , Hren Irena , Koroušić Seljak Barbara , Hristov Hristo
Published: November 2024

Background

Older adults living in nursing homes (NHs) are considered a vulnerable population in terms of nutrition. The aim of the present study was to explore the usual intake of energy, macronutrients, and specific food groups, along with offers in the NH menus on a nationally representative sample of Slovenian NH residents and compare dietary patterns with the established recommendations.

Methods

The study was conducted as part of a cross-sectional NutriCare study on 317 residents (65–101 years) from 20 Slovenian NHs in 9 health regions. Relatively independent residents were selected using quota sampling by sex and age. Data collection involved interviews and anthropometric measurements. Usual dietary intake was assessed by a multiple-source method from two 24-h dietary recalls and food frequency questionnaires. Adherence of dietary intake to the recommendations and dietary composition of NH menus were assessed. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was used to explore nutritional status.

Results

Notable variability in energy and macronutrient intakes was observed with some participants showing intakes below and others above the recommended values. A high prevalence of BMI > 30 kg/m2 was observed in 39% of participants, indicating potential discrepancies between total energy intake and expenditure. The usual intake of fat was 36% of total energy intake (TEI). The intake of foods of animal origin exceeded dietary guidelines. Intake of carbohydrates (46% TEI in men and 47% TEI in women) as well as dietary fibre (20 g/day for both sexes) was below recommendations. A scarce intake of fruits, vegetables, and cereals was observed. In total, 40% of men and 35% of women had usual daily protein intakes lower than 1 g/kg of body weight. The protein content of breakfast and dinner could be improved. NH residents consumed little food from outside NH. The usual nutrient and food group intakes of residents reflected the NH menu offers.

Conclusion

The study results on the usual intake of energy, macronutrients, specific food groups, and offers in the NH menus indicate the potential for optimisation. According to the World Health Organisation, the prevalence of BMI > 30 kg/m2 is notable and warrants attention. Careful meal planning and regular monitoring of the nutritional status of NH residents should be considered.
Changes in the chemical composition and medicinal effects of black ginseng during processing
Authors: Qiu Ye , Wang Nengyuan , Yu Zhe , Guo Xiao , Yang Ming
Published: November 2024

Aim of the Study

To study the changes in the chemical composition and medicinal effects of black ginseng during processing.

Materials and Methods

The contents of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rh1, Rb1, 20-(S)-Rg3, 20-(R)-Rg3, and Rg5 were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the percentage of rare saponins was calculated. Furthermore, changes in the contents of reducing sugars and amino acids (i.e., Maillard reaction (MR) substrates) were measured to assess the relationship between processing and the MR. Compounds were identified using HPLC-MS and their cleavage patterns were analyzed. Gene co-expression network bioinformatics techniques were applied to identify the pharmacological mechanism of black ginseng.

Results

The changes in the physicochemical characteristics of black ginseng during processing were determined based on the MR. Rare saponins accumulated during black ginseng processing. In addition, reducing sugars were produced through polysaccharide pyrolysis and the MR; thus, their content initially increased and then decreased. The amino acid content gradually decreased as the number of evaporation steps increased, indicating that both amino acids and reducing sugars acted as substrates for the MR during black ginseng processing. Thirty-one saponins, 18 sugars, and 58 amino acids were identified based on the MS analysis. Transcriptomics results demonstrated that black ginseng can regulate signaling pathways such as the TNF, IL-17, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt pathways. This finding helps us understand the observed proliferation and differentiation of immune-related cells and positively regulated cell adhesion.