bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of rainfall distribution in Kelantan river basin, Malaysia
Authors: Che Ros Faizah , Tosaka Hiroyuki
Published: March 2018

Using rainfall gauge on its own as input carries great uncertainties regarding runoff estimation, especially when the area is large and the rainfall is measured and recorded at irregular spaced gauging stations. Hence spatial interpolation is the key to obtain continuous and orderly rainfall distribution at unknown points to be the input to the rainfall runoff processes for distributed and semi-distributed numerical modelling. It is crucial to study and predict the behaviour of rainfall and river runoff to reduce flood damages of the affected area along the Kelantan river. Thus, a good knowledge on rainfall distribution is essential in early flood prediction studies. Forty six rainfall stations and their daily time-series were used to interpolate gridded rainfall surfaces using inverse-distance weighting (IDW), inverse-distance and elevation weighting (IDEW) methods and average rainfall distribution. Sensitivity analysis for distance and elevation parameters were conducted to see the variation produced. The accuracy of these interpolated datasets was examined using cross-validation assessment.
Application of Geographic Information System (GIS) to Model the Hydrocarbon Migration: Case Study from North-East Malay Basin, Malaysia
Authors: Rudini  , Matori Abd Nasir , Ab Talib Jasmi , Balogun Abdul-Lateef
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to model the migration of hydrocarbon using Geographic Information System (GIS). Understanding hydrocarbon migration is important since it can mean the difference between success and failure in oil and gas exploration project. The hydrocarbon migration modeling using geophysical method is still not accurate due to the limitations of available data. In recent years, GIS has emerged as a powerful tool for subsurface mapping and analysis. Recent studies have been carried out about the abilities of GIS to model hydrocarbon migration. Recent advances in GIS support the establishment and monitoring of prediction hydrocarbon migration. The concept, model, and calculation are based on the current geological situation. The spatial data of hydrocarbon reservoirs is determined by its geometry of lithology and geophysical attributes. Top of Group E horizon of north-east Malay basin was selected as the study area due to the occurrence of hydrocarbon migration. Spatial data and attributes data such as seismic data, wells log data and lithology were acquired and processed. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was constructed from the selected horizon as a result of seismic interpretation using the Petrel software. Furthermore, DEM was processed in ArcGIS as a base map to shown hydrocarbon migration in north-east Malay Basin. Finally, all the data layers were overlaid to produce a map of hydrocarbon migration. A good data was imported to verify the model is correct.
The acute toxicity of the metaldehyde on the climbing perch
Authors: Mohamad Ismail Syamimi Wahida , Dahalan Farrah Aini , Zakaria Ammar , Mad Shakaff Ali Yeon , Ahmad Siti Aqlima , Abd Shukor Mohd Yunus , Sabullah Mohd Khalizan , Abdul Khalil Khalilah , Ab Jalil Mohd Faizal
Published: March 2018

In Asia, Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) is commonly found in paddy fields and irrigation systems. Due to its habitat, Climbing perch is exposed to toxic pesticides used in paddy fields such as metaldehyde which is one of the most widely used molluscicide. This study aims to determine the acute toxicity Lethal Concentration50(LC50) of metaldehyde and its effect on the behaviour and physical changes of the Climbing perch. The fish mortality responses to six different metaldehyde concentrations ranging from 180 to 330 mg/L were investigated. The 96-h LC50values were determined and analysed using three different analysis methods which is arithmetic, logarithmic and probit graphic. The LC50values obtained in this study were 239, 234 and 232 mg/L, respectively. After 96-h of exposure to metaldehyde, the fish showed a series of abnormal behavioural response in all cases: imbalance position, and restlessness of movement. The LC50values show that metaldehyde is moderately toxic to the Climbing perch indicating that metaldehyde is not destructive to Climbing perch. However, long term exposure of aquatic organisms to the metaldehyde means a continuous health risk for the fish population as they are more vulnerable and it is on high risk for human to consume this toxicated fishes.
Removal of organic pollutants from produced water using Fenton oxidation
Authors: Afzal Talia , Isa Mohamed Hasnain , Raza ul Mustafa Muhammad
Published: March 2018

Produced water (PW) is the largest stream of wastewater from oil and gas exploration. It is highly polluted and requires proper treatment before disposal. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Fenton oxidation in degradation of organic matter in PW. The role of operating factors viz., H2O2 concentration (0.12 × 10-3 moles/L to 3 moles/L), [H2O2]/[Fe2+] molar ratio (2 to 75), and reaction time (30 to 200 minutes), on COD removal was determined through a series of batch experiments conducted in acidic environment at room temperature. The experiments were conducted with 500 mL PW samples in 1L glass beakers covered on the outside with aluminum foil to protect them from sunlight. Pre-decided amounts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were added to initiate the Fenton reaction. An increase in COD removal was observed with increase in reaction time and [H2O2]/[Fe2+] molar ratio. COD removal also increased with H2O2 concentration up to 0.01 moles/L; further increase in H2O2 concentration decreased the COD removal efficiency. Over 90% COD removal was achieved under optimum reaction conditions. The study indicates that Fenton oxidation is effective for remediation of PW in terms of organic matter removal.
Electricity Generation in Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) by Bacterium Isolated from Rice Paddy Field Soil
Authors: Fakhirruddin Fakhriah , Amid Azura , Wan Salim Wan Wardatul Amani , Azmi Azlin Suhaida
Published: March 2018

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an alternative approach in generating renewable energy by utilising bacteria that will oxidize organic or inorganic substrates, producing electrons yielded as electrical energy. Different species of exoelectrogenic bacteria capable of generating significant amount of electricity in MFC has been identified, using various organic compounds for fuel. Soil sample taken from rice paddy field is proven to contain exoelectrogenic bacteria, thus electricity generation using mixed culture originally found in the soil, and pure culture isolated from the soil is studied. This research will isolate the exoelectrogenic bacterial species in the rice paddy field soil responsible for energy generation. Growth of bacteria isolated from the MFC is observed by measuring the optical density (OD), cell density weight (CDW) and viable cell count. Mixed bacterial species found in paddy field soil generates maximum power of 77.62 μW and 0.70 mA of current. In addition, the research also shows that the pure bacterium in rice paddy field soil can produce maximum power and current at 51.32 μW and 0.28 mA respectively.
Distribution and Analysis of Heavy Metals Contamination in Soil, Perlis, Malaysia
Authors: Kamarudzaman Ain Nihla , Woo Yee Shan , Ab Jalil Mohd Faizal
Published: March 2018

The concentration of six heavy metals such as Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, Zn and Mn were studied in the soils around Perlis. The aim of the study is to assess the heavy metals contamination distribution due to industrialisation and agricultural activities. Soil samples were collected at depth of 0 – 15 cm in five stations around Perlis. The soil samples are subjected to soil extraction and the concentration of heavy metals was determined via ICP - OES. Overall concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd and Mn in the soil samples ranged from 0.003 - 0.235 mg/L, 0.08 - 41.187 mg/L, 0.065 - 45.395 mg/L, 0.031 - 2.198 mg/L, 0.01 - 0.174 mg/L and 0.165 - 63.789 mg/L respectively. The concentration of heavy metals in the soil showed the following decreasing trend, Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Cd. From the result, the level of heavy metals in the soil near centralised Chuping industrial areas gives maximum value compared to other locations in Perlis. As a conclusion, increasing anthropogenic activities have influenced the environment, especially in increasing the pollution loading.
Enhancement of Biohydrogen Production via pH Variation using Molasses as Feedstock in an Attached Growth System
Authors: Che Zuhar C.N.S. , Lutpi N.A. , Idris N. , Wong Y.S. , Tengku Izhar T.N.
Published: March 2018

In this study, mesophilic biohydrogen production by a mixed culture, obtained from a continuous anaerobic reactor treating molasses effluent from sugarcane bagasse, was improved by using granular activated carbon (GAC) as the carrier material. A series of batch fermentation were performed at 37°C by feeding the anaerobic sludge bacteria with molasses to determine the effect of initial pH in the range of 5.5 to 7.5, and the effect of repeated batch cultivation on biohydrogen production. The enrichment of granular activated carbon (GAC) immobilised cells from the repeated batch cultivation were used as immobilised seed culture to obtain the optimal initial pH. The cumulative hydrogen production results from the optimal pH were fitted into modified Gompertz equation in order to obtained the batch profile of biohydrogen production. The optimal hydrogen production was obtained at an initial pH of 5.5 with the maximum hydrogen production (Hm) was found to be 84.14 ml, and maximum hydrogen production rate (Rm) was 3.63 mL/h with hydrogen concentration of 759 ppm. The results showed that the granular activated carbon was successfully enhanced the biohydrogen production by stabilizing the pH and therefore could be used as a carrier material for fermentative hydrogen production using industrial effluent.
Activated alumina preparation and characterization: The review on recent advancement
Authors: Rabia A. R. , Ibrahim A. H. , Zulkepli N. N.
Published: March 2018

Aluminum and aluminum based material are significant industrial materials synthesis because of their abandonment, low weight and high-quality corrosion resistance. The most advances in aluminum processing are the ability to synthesize it’s under suitable chemical composition and conditions, a porous structure can be formed on the surface. Activated alumina particles (AAP) synthesized by the electrochemically process from aluminum have gained serious attention, inexpensive material that can be employed for water filtration due to its active surface. Thus, the paper present a review study based on recent progress and advances in synthesizing activated alumina, various techniques currently being used in preparing activated alumina and its characteristics are studied and summarized
Biomass Morphology Subjected to Different Chemical Treatment
Authors: Mohamed Sutan Norsuzailina , Mazlan Siti Masjida , Taib Siti Noor Linda , Lee Delsye Teo Ching , Hassan Alsidqi , Sahari Siti Kudnie , Mohamad Said Khairul Anwar , Sobuz Habibur Rahman
Published: March 2018

A growing interest of sugarcane bagasse fibre composite has been observed in recent years due to its attractiveness properties such as low specific weight, renewable source and producible with low investment at low cost. However, these materials have a low interfacial adhesion between fibre and matrix which lead to reduction in certain mechanical properties of the composite. To overcome this problem, studies show that certain chemical treatments on the surface of the fibres are some alternatives that significantly increase the adhesion reinforcement/matrix, in some cases improving its mechanical properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different type of chemical treatment which are alkali and acid treatment on sugarcane bagasse fibre surface morphology. Seeking to improve the adhesion fibre matrix, the fibre has been treated with 5% of NaOH and 5% of HCL solution with added of bagasse fibre used in the range of 0% to 3% of cement weight respectively. Through SEM investigation, it is confirmed that chemical treatment helps to remove hemicelluloses from raw bagasse fiber as well as improved fibre matrix adhesion.
Endosulfan Toxicity to Anabas testudineus and Histopathological Changes on Vital Organs
Authors: Nordin I.L. , Ibrahim N. , Ahmad S.A. , Hamidin N.l , Dahalan F.A. , Shukor M.Y. Abd.
Published: March 2018

The toxicity of endosulfan, an organochlorine type insecticide to a commonly consumed freshwater fish species, A. testudineus (40.68±9.03 g; 13.49±0.99 cm), was investigated under static conditions. The nominal endosulfan concentrations ranging from 10 to 80 μg/L subjected to the fish population results in 96-hour median lethal concentration, LC50, of 35.2±3.99 μg/L. The toxicity is a function of both endosulfan concentration and exposure time (p>0.05). Histopathological analysis on vital organs exposed to sublethal concentrations indicates that structural changes started at sublethal dose and the effects aggravated with increasing endosulfan concentration. Gill was found to experience aneurism, hyperplasia in lamellar and autolysis of mast cell. Pyknotic nuclei and necrosis were observed in liver cell, while the lumen of renal tubule was found to narrow and haemorrhage was observed in cytoplasm cell. High LC50 compared to other fishes indicates that A. testudineus has high tolerant to endosulfan, however, endosulfan slowly alters the fish biochemistry and is potentially transferable to human
Laboratory testing of LoRa modulation for CubeSat radio communications
Authors: Doroshkin Alexander , Zadorozhny Alexander , Kus Oleg , Prokopyev Vitaliy , Prokopyev Yuri
Published: March 2018

We report the results of the feasibility study of using LoRa modulation for radio communications between CubeSat at low Earth orbit and ground station. The main goal of the study is to define how Doppler effect affects a LoRa radio link. Results of laboratory testing have shown high immunity of LoRa radio link to Doppler shift and a possibility to use LoRa modulation in CubeSat radio communications without any limitations.
Results of experimental studies and numerical modeling of multistage waveguide-slotted membranes filters with complex slots geometry
Authors: Kopylova Natalia , Kopylov Alexei , Salomatov Yuri
Published: March 2018

The article contains the results of an experimental study and numerical simulation of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of one, three and four-stage filters on waveguide-slotted membranes with complex resonance slot geometry membranes located in a rectangular 35x15 mm waveguide. The design of filters and the topology of a complex slot in the membrane are shown. The results can be useful in the design of waveguide filters in the frequency range 5.5 … 8.5 GHz.
A new level in a professional training in implementing the educational programs of interactive learning in a digital educational sphere
Authors: Raikov Alexander , Zoidov Kobilzhon , Loginova Valery , Chernov Alexander , Bortalevich Vitalia
Published: March 2018

The article deals with the complicated system consisted of various aspects of the interactive training which help online operators to reveal and define ways of relation`s development between huge sort of electronic data during the interactive training. For instance, they are training, testing, adjustment of tasks, etc. The electronic content is formed in the automated system of the interactive training realized as a part of digital educational sphere. This system is constructed in order to increase the professional skills of the specialists.
The implementation of internal assessment mechanisms in the management of the educational program: ESG principles and new educational standards in the Russian Federation
Authors: Nikanorov Ivan , Shvindt Antoniy
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this article is to describe possible approaches to transforming the management of the educational program into an educational institution of higher education in the context of implementing the principles laid down in the Standards and Recommendations for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG), as well as the updated Russian state higher education standards (RSHES 3 ++). The article analyzes the ESG, examines the main models of managing educational programs, as well as their possible transformations in terms of the formation of mechanisms for internal assessment of the quality of educational activities and the training of students, introduced in the updated federal state educational standards.
PADME – new code for modeling of planet georesources formation on heterogeneous computing systems
Authors: Protasov Viktor , Kulikov Igor , Chernykh Igor , Gubaydullin Irek
Published: March 2018

Many planets were detected in last few years, but there is no clear understanding of how they are formed. The fairly clear understanding of Solar system formation was founded with time, but there are some doubts yet because we don’t know what was at the beginning of the process, and what was acquired afterward. Moreover, formed ideas often couldn’t explain some features of other systems. Searching for Earth-like terrestrial planets is another very important problem. Even if any of found exoplanets will be similar to Earth, we couldn’t say that it is a “second Earth” exactly because its internal, geological, composition could be different – Venus is a vivid example. A new method for modelling of the planet formation process in a 3D2V formulation based on two-phase approach is presented in the paper. Fluids-in-cells method by Belotserkovskii-Davydov, modified with using the Godunov’s scheme, is used to model the gas component. The dust component is described by N-body system solved with the Particle-Mesh method. The method was accelerated by using of Nvidia CUDA technology. Gas-dust disk modelling results with the formation of sealing of gas and dust that could be interpreted as potential exoplanet are given.
Digital control systems for power supplies of space vehicles
Authors: Soldatov Andrey , Shinyakov Juriy , Sukhorukov Maxim
Published: March 2018

The principle of building fault-tolerant digital control systems for power supplies of space vehicles is considered in the article. The analysis of the circuits by sampling the controlled component of the output voltage at discrete instants of time is carried out. The possibility of using this approach in multi-channel digital control systems is shown. The results of theoretical studies are confirmed by the example of a four-channel control unit.
Magnetic field computation and simulation of the coil systems using Comsol software
Authors: Zatonov Ivan , Baranov Pavel , Kolomeycev Andrey
Published: March 2018

The article considers the calibration system computation with the inhomogeneity of magnetic field less than 0.1 %. Method of calculation is described. The numerical simulation using finite-element analyze was made for such system as: Helmholtz coils, improved Helmholtz coils, four and six coils system. Authors made the calculation of the magnetic field homogeneity toward axial direction. Based on procure results, authors analyzed magnetic field homogeneity and compared different types of coil systems.
Clozapine-Induced DRESS Syndrome: A Case Series From the AMSP Multicenter Drug Safety Surveillance Project
Authors: Sanader Bruna , Grohmann Renate , Grötsch Philipp , Schumann Thomas , Toto Sermin , Fernando Piyumi , Stübner Susanne
Published: March 2018

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is an infrequent, but severe, adverse drug-induced reaction which occurs due to massive T-cell stimulation resulting in cytotoxicity and eosinophil activation and recruitment. The incidence is 0.4 cases per 100, 0000 in the general population; the mortality rate is up to 10%. Therefore, we believe that recognizing this syndrome is of particular importance. The problem we notice is that DRESS is often seen and described in patients receiving rheumatologic or anticonvulsant drugs, but very rarely in psychiatric hospitals, where Clozapine is frequently used, and that is the importance of this paper. DRESS Syndrome must be recognized promptly, and causative drugs withdrawn. Indeed, it has been reported that the earlier the drug withdrawal, the better the prognosis. In this paper, we present three cases of Clozapine-induced DRESS. All cases were recorded in the Multicenter Drug Safety Surveillance Project (AMSP).
Discovery of Bioactive Natural Products for the Treatment of Acute Respiratory Infections – An Integrated Approach
Authors: Grienke Ulrike , Mair Christina , Kirchmair Johannes , Schmidtke Michaela , Rollinger Judith
Published: March 2018

In this work, an integrated approach for the identification of new antiviral agents from natural sources for the treatment of acute respiratory infections is presented. The approach comprises (i) the selection of starting material based on traditional knowledge, (ii) phenotypic screening of extracts for antiviral activity, and (iii) the implementation of in silico predictions to identify antiviral compounds and derive the molecular mechanism underlying their biological activity. A variety of starting materials from plants and fungi was selected for the production of 162 extracts. These extracts were tested in cytopathic effect inhibition assays against influenza virus A/Hong Kong/68 (HK/68), rhinovirus A2 (RV-A2), and coxsackie virus B3 (CV-B3). All extracts were also evaluated regarding their cytotoxicity. At an IC50 threshold of 50 µg/mL, 20, 11, and 14% of all tested extracts showed antiviral activity against HK/68, CV-B3, and RV-A2, respectively. Among all active extracts (n = 47), 68% showed antiviral activity against one of the investigated viruses, whereas 31% inhibited at least two viruses. Herein, we present a comprehensive dataset of probed extracts along with their antiviral activities and cytotoxicity. Application examples presented in this work illustrate the phytochemical workflow for the identification of antiviral natural compounds. We also discuss the challenges, pitfalls, and advantages of the integrated approach.
Iron-Catalyzed Grignard Cross-Couplings with Allylic Methyl Ethers or Allylic Trimethylsilyl Ethers
Authors: Seto Chika , Otsuka Takeshi , Takeuchi Yoshiki , Tabuchi Daichi , Nagano Takashi
Published: March 2018

We have found that cross-coupling between aryl Grignard reagents and allylic methyl ethers proceeded well in the presence of a catalytic amounts of Fe(acac)3 to afford the corresponding allylic substitution products in good yields. Under the same conditions, allylic trimethylsilyl ethers also reacted with Grignard reagents to give the corresponding cross-coupling products.
One-Pot Reaction To Form Hydrophosphorylated Fullerenes from C60 and Ph3–n
PCl
n
/ROH
Authors: Xin Nana , Xie Xiuying , Zhao Chang-Qiu , Huang Xianqiang , Zhang Junhong , Du Ji-Yuan , Yang Jie , Ma Chun-Lin
Published: March 2018

Hydrophosphorylated fullerene derivatives were readily prepared in one step by treating C60 with Ph3–
n
PCl
n
(n = 1–3) and ROH (R = H, alkyl). The one-pot reaction could be performed under mild conditions with moderate to good yields. Dichlorophenylphosphine and alcohols exhibited unexpected reactivity towards C60. A possible reaction mechanism involving the formation of P(III)–OH in situ was proposed to explain the experimental results.
Regioselective C–H Activation of Substituted Pyridines and other Azines using Mg- and Zn-TMP-Bases
Authors: Balkenhohl Moritz , Knochel Paul
Published: March 2018

The metalation of substituted pyridines, diazines and related N-heterocycles using TMPMgCl·LiCl, TMP2Mg·2LiCl, TMPZnCl·LiCl or TMP2Zn·2LiCl2·2MgCl2 (TMP = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) in the presence or absence of a Lewis acid is reviewed.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Magnesiation of Pyridines and Related Azines

2.1 Magnesiations using TMPMgCl·LiCl

2.2 Magnesiations using TMP2Mg·2LiCl and Related Bases

2.3 BF3·OEt2 Promoted Metalations of Pyridines

3 Zincation of Pyridines and Related Azines using TMPZnCl·LiCl and TMP2Zn·2LiCl·2MgCl2

4 Metalation of Pyridines using other TMP-Bases

5 Magnesiation and Zincation of Diazines

6 Conclusion
Successful Outcomes at Midterm Follow-up of Periacetabular Osteotomy Done for Mild Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Potter G. , Novais Eduardo , Trousdale Robert , Sierra Rafael
Published: March 2018

Young hip surgeons are often faced with the decision to either perform arthroscopic surgery or a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) in patients with symptomatic mild hip dysplasia (MHD). There is, however, a paucity of data on the results of PAO in this group. The aim of this paper is to report the results of PAOs in patients with MHD and compare those to hips with more severe forms of hip dysplasia (SHD). This data can then be used to compare emerging data reporting the results of hip arthroscopy for MHD. From January, 1996 to May, 2009, 299 hips in 268 patients were identified that underwent PAO at one institution. After removing those with <2 years of follow-up, 182 hips were followed up. The average age of the cohort was 31 years, and 85% were female. Nineteen hips with lateral center edge (LCE) angle from 18 to 25° and a Tönnis angle (TA) between 10 and 15° were considered to have MHD. This group was compared with the rest of the cohort (SHD). The mean clinical follow-up for the MHD group was 121 months. There was no significant difference in demographic variables between the groups. There were no complications in the MHD cohort. Surgical correction resulted in significant improvements in all radiographic measurements consistent with hip dysplasia in both groups. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) improved significantly in both groups ([MHD: 52–92] [SHD: 66–89]). Two hips (10.5%) in the MHD group and 15 hips (9.2%) in the SHD group underwent future THA (p = 0.69). The survivorship free from THA was 100%, 100%, and 86% at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively, in the MHD group. The corresponding rates for hips in the control group at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively, were 99%, 95%, and 81%. PAO in patients with MHD provides predictable improvements in pain, function, and results that are durable and comparable to hips with SHD. This data should be used to compare the early and midterm results of arthroscopic surgery performed in mildly dysplastic hips.
Toward Flow Cytometry Based Platelet Function Diagnostics
Authors: van Asten Ivar , Schutgens Roger , Urbanus Rolf
Published: March 2018

The laboratory diagnostics of (inherited) platelet function disorders mainly comprises aggregation and secretion assays, which may be suitable for diagnosing some specific severe platelet function disorders, but are not reliable enough for diagnosing mild platelet function disorders or disorders associated with low platelet count. Flow cytometric assessment of platelet reactivity will expectedly provide additional value during the diagnostic work-up of platelet function disorders because it only requires a small volume of whole blood and allows the measurement of platelet function in thrombocytopenic samples. Flow cytometry has frequently been used to evaluate platelet function in the research setting, and therefore, these assays will require clinical validation before they can be used as routine diagnostic tools. The main challenge in the validation of innovative platelet function diagnostic tests is the lack of a gold standard test for mild platelet function disorders. This review aims to address the many applications of flow cytometry in the current diagnostic work-up of platelet function testing and to discuss the challenges in introducing new tools for diagnosing platelet function disorders.
Human Dendritic Cells Synergistically Activated by FVIII Plus LPS Induce Activation of Autologous CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Miller Lilija , Ringler Eva , Kistner Klaus , Waibler Zoe ,   on behalf of the ABIRISK Consortium
Published: March 2018

The most severe side effect in haemophilia A (HA) treatment is the development of anti-factor VIII antibodies, also called inhibitors. Why inhibitors develop in a proportion of treated HA patients and how this can be prevented remains largely unanswered. Among numerous theories, the presence of immunological danger signals, associated with events such as surgery or infection, has been proposed to play a role. In this study, we demonstrate that human dendritic cells (DC) synergistically activated by a combination of factor VIII (FVIII) concentrate plus the bacterial danger signal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induce a significantly stronger activation of autologous CD4+ T cells than DC pretreated with FVIII or LPS alone. The observed T cell activation is dependent on antigen processing, presentation on MHC class II molecules and costimulation via CD86. Of note, FVIII plus LPS pretreated DC predominantly induce the activation of memory T cells and a minor proportion of naive T cells. Collectively, our data support a model in which immunological danger signals plus FVIII concentrates synergistically increase human CD4+ T cell responses to FVIII protein.
Ungewöhnlicher Fall eines schweren Polytraumas beim Kleinkind – Happy End trotz Fallstricken
Authors: Klinger Andreas , Sperling Patrick , Jansen Hendrik , Wirbelauer Johannes , Vergho Daniel , Seitz Florian , Roewer Norbert , Meyer Thomas , Muellenbach Ralf
Published: March 2018

Ein 16 Monate alter Junge erleidet bei einem Verkehrsunfall ein schwerstes Polytrauma (dislozierte offene Beckenfraktur, pelvines Décollement und hämorrhagischer Schock). Die dabei auftretenden Besonderheiten und Fallstricke in der präklinischen und frühen klinischen Versorgung dieses schweren und seltenen Traumas bei pädiatrischen Patienten werden herausgearbeitet, wobei besonders auf die damit einhergehenden medizinisch-einsatztaktischen Schwierigkeiten eingegangen wird.
Atemwegsmanagement – der schwierige Atemweg beim thoraxchirurgischen Patienten
Authors: Müller Sarah-Hélène , Defosse Jérôme , Gerbershagen Mark , Loop Torsten
Published: March 2018

Das Management des schwierigen Atemwegs bei thoraxchirurgischen Patienten ist in den gültigen Leitlinien kaum abgebildet und stellt insbesondere in der Thoraxanästhesie mit der notwendigen Seitentrennung der Atemwege durch einen Doppellumentubus oder Bronchusblocker eine Herausforderung dar. Die Definition des schwierigen Atemwegs mit erschwerter Maskenbeatmung, Laryngoskopie oder endotrachealer Intubation wird überwiegend durch Veränderungen der Anatomie der oberen Atemwege (schwieriger oberer Atemweg) charakterisiert. Pathologische Veränderungen in der tracheobronchialen Anatomie, die die Platzierung des Doppellumentubus oder anderer Atemwegshilfen erschweren (schwieriger unterer Atemweg; schwierige Seitentrennung), sind in die Definition miteinzubeziehen. Der vorliegende Artikel beschreibt die Identifikation von Risikopatienten, Techniken, Empfehlungen und Algorithmen für das Management bei erwartet und unerwartet schwierigem Atemweg. Darüber hinaus gibt er einen Überblick über die Auswahl verschiedener Verfahren und Hilfsmittel zur Seitentrennung der Lungen zur Etablierung einer Ein-Lungen-Ventilation.
Futter für die Willenskraft – Guten
Appetit!
Authors: Jürgens Ute
Published: March 2018

Nicht selten bleiben bei der Umsetzung von allerlei Vorhaben manche auf der
Strecke! Den Betrieb besser zu organisieren, das in der Fortbildung Gelernte zu
wiederholen, aufzuräumen – die Willenskraft ist oft genug zu klein. Vergrößern
Sie sie!
Hyponatriämie in der Neurologie
Authors: Reich Maja
Published: March 2018

Die häufigste Störung des Wasserhaushaltes ist die Hyponatriämie; sie
ist damit auch die häufigste Elektrolytstörung. Die auftretenden Symptome der
Hyponatriämie sind vielfältig und oft nicht leicht zu erkennen. Die
Hyponatriämie ist mit erhöhter Morbidität und Mortalität assoziiert 1, 2.
A high bandwidth three-axis out-of-plane motion measurement system based on optical beam deflection
Authors: Piyush P. , Giridhar M. S. , Jayanth G. R.
Published: March 2018

Multi-axis measurement of motion is indispensable for characterization of dynamic systems and control of motion stages. This paper presents an optical beam deflection-based measurement system to simultaneously measure three-axis out-of-plane motion of both micro- and macro-scale targets. Novel strategies are proposed to calibrate the sensitivities of the measurement system. Subsequently the measurement system is experimentally realized and calibrated. The system is employed to characterize coupled linear and angular motion of a piezo-actuated stage. The measured motion is shown to be in agreement with theoretical expectation. Next, the high bandwidth of the measurement system has been showcased by utilizing it to measure coupled two-axis transient motion of a Radio Frequency Micro-Electro-Mechanical System switch with a rise time of about 60 μs. Finally, the ability of the system to measure out-of-plane angular motion about the second axis has been demonstrated by measuring the deformation of a micro-cantilever beam.
Uniformity control of the deposition rate profile of a-Si:H film by gas velocity and temperature distributions in a capacitively coupled plasma reactor
Authors: Kim Ho Jun , Lee Hae June
Published: March 2018

The effect of neutral transport on the deposition rate profiles of thin films formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) is investigated to improve the uniformity of amorphous hydrogenated silicon films. The PECVD reactor with a cylindrical showerhead is numerically simulated with a variation of the gas velocity and temperature in the capacitively coupled plasma with an intermediate-pressure SiH4/He gas mixture. The modulation of the gas velocity distribution results in a noticeable change in the density distributions of neutral molecules such as SiH4, SiH3, H, SiH2, and Si2H6, especially in the vicinity of the electrode edge. With the locally accelerated gas flow, the concomitant increase in Si2H6 density near the electrode edge induces increases in both the electron density and the deposition rate profile near the electrode edge. In addition, it is observed that changing the surface temperature distribution by changing the sidewall temperature can also effectively modulate the plasma density distributions. The simulated deposition rate profile matches the experimental data well, even under non-isothermal wall boundary conditions.
A multiple-fan active control wind tunnel for outdoor wind speed and direction simulation
Authors: Wang Jia-Ying , Meng Qing-Hao , Luo Bing , Zeng Ming
Published: March 2018

This article presents a new type of active controlled multiple-fan wind tunnel. The wind tunnel consists of swivel plates and arrays of direct current fans, and the rotation speed of each fan and the shaft angle of each swivel plate can be controlled independently for simulating different kinds of outdoor wind fields. To measure the similarity between the simulated wind field and the outdoor wind field, wind speed and direction time series of two kinds of wind fields are recorded by nine two-dimensional ultrasonic anemometers, and then statistical properties of the wind signals in different time scales are analyzed based on the empirical mode decomposition. In addition, the complexity of wind speed and direction time series is also investigated using multiscale entropy and multivariate multiscale entropy. Results suggest that the simulated wind field in the multiple-fan wind tunnel has a high degree of similarity with the outdoor wind field.
Optical field simulation of edge coupled terahertz quantum well photodetectors
Authors: Li Lujia , Bai Peng , Zhang Yueheng , Shen Wenzhong , Cao Juncheng
Published: March 2018

By finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation, we report on the optical field distribution within edge coupled terahertz quantum well photodetectors (THz QWPs) in detail. The coupling efficiency of THz QWP structures are studied from three aspects, including the electrode geometry, the position of the active region and the coupling angle. According to the simulation results, proper electrode geometry is suggested in different frequency region, and the optimal position of active region and coupling angle are presented. These results provide a useful guidance for the design and fabrication of the edge coupled THz QWP.
Mechanism by which DHA inhibits the aggregation of KLVFFA peptides: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Zhou Hong , Liu Shengtang , Shao Qiwen , Ma Dongfang , Yang Zaixing , Zhou Ruhong
Published: March 2018

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is one of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which has shown promising applications in lowering Aβ peptide neurotoxicity in vitro by preventing aggregation of Aβ peptides and relieving accumulation of Aβ fibrils. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms of how DHA interferes with the aggregation of Aβ peptides remain largely enigmatic. Herein, aggregation behaviors of amyloid-β(Aβ)16-21 peptides (KLVFFA) with or without the presence of a DHA molecule were comparatively studied using extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We found that DHA could effectively suppress the aggregation of KLVFFA peptides by redirecting peptides to unstructured oligomers. The highly hydrophobic and flexible nature of DHA made it randomly but tightly entangled with Leu-17, Phe-19, and Phe-20 residues to form unstructured but stable complexes. These lower-ordered unstructured oligomers could eventually pass through energy barriers to form ordered β-sheet structures through large conformational fluctuations. This study depicts a microscopic picture for understanding the role and mechanism of DHA in inhibition of aggregation of Aβ peptides, which is generally believed as one of the important pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease.
Fullerene/layered antiferromagnetic reconstructed spinterface: Subsurface layer dominates molecular orbitals’ spin-split and large induced magnetic moment
Authors: Shao Yangfan , Pang Rui , Pan Hui , Shi Xingqiang
Published: March 2018

The interfaces between organic molecules and magnetic metals have gained increasing interest for both fundamental reasons and applications. Among them, the C60/layered antiferromagnetic (AFM) interfaces have been studied only for C60 bonded to the outermost ferromagnetic layer [S. L. Kawahara et al., Nano Lett. 12, 4558 (2012) and D. Li et al., Phys. Rev. B 93, 085425 (2016)]. Here, via density functional theory calculations combined with evidence from the literature, we demonstrate that C60 adsorption can reconstruct the layered-AFM Cr(001) surface at elevated annealing temperatures so that C60 bonds to both the outermost and the subsurface Cr layers in opposite spin directions. Surface reconstruction drastically changes the adsorbed molecule spintronic properties: (1) the spin-split p-d hybridization involves multi-orbitals of C60 and top two layers of Cr with opposite spin-polarization, (2) the subsurface Cr atom dominates the C60 electronic properties, and (3) the reconstruction induces a large magnetic moment of 0.58 μB in C60 as a synergistic effect of the top two Cr layers. The induced magnetic moment in C60 can be explained by the magnetic direct-exchange mechanism, which can be generalized to other C60/magnetic metal systems. Understanding these complex hybridization behaviors is a crucial step for molecular spintronic applications.
Dense colloidal mixtures in an external sinusoidal potential
Authors: Capellmann R. F. , Khisameeva A. , Platten F. , Egelhaaf S. U.
Published: March 2018

Concentrated binary colloidal mixtures containing particles with a size ratio 1:2.4 were exposed to a periodic potential that was realized using a light field, namely, two crossed laser beams creating a fringe pattern. The arrangement of the particles was recorded using optical microscopy and characterized in terms of the pair distribution function along the minima, the occupation probability perpendicular to the minima, the angular bond distribution, and the average potential energy per particle. The particle arrangement was investigated in dependence of the importance of particle-potential and particle-particle interactions by changing the potential amplitude and particle concentration, respectively. An increase in the potential amplitude leads to a stronger localization, especially of the large particles, but also results in an increasing fraction of small particles being located closer to the potential maxima, which also occurs upon increasing the particle density. Furthermore, increasing the potential amplitude induces a local demixing of the two particle species, whereas an increase in the total packing fraction favors a more homogeneous arrangement.
History, rare, and multiple events of mechanical unfolding of repeat proteins
Authors: Sumbul Fidan , Marchesi Arin , Rico Felix
Published: March 2018

Mechanical unfolding of proteins consisting of repeat domains is an excellent tool to obtain large statistics. Force spectroscopy experiments using atomic force microscopy on proteins presenting multiple domains have revealed that unfolding forces depend on the number of folded domains (history) and have reported intermediate states and rare events. However, the common use of unspecific attachment approaches to pull the protein of interest holds important limitations to study unfolding history and may lead to discarding rare and multiple probing events due to the presence of unspecific adhesion and uncertainty on the pulling site. Site-specific methods that have recently emerged minimize this uncertainty and would be excellent tools to probe unfolding history and rare events. However, detailed characterization of these approaches is required to identify their advantages and limitations. Here, we characterize a site-specific binding approach based on the ultrastable complex dockerin/cohesin III revealing its advantages and limitations to assess the unfolding history and to investigate rare and multiple events during the unfolding of repeated domains. We show that this approach is more robust, reproducible, and provides larger statistics than conventional unspecific methods. We show that the method is optimal to reveal the history of unfolding from the very first domain and to detect rare events, while being more limited to assess intermediate states. Finally, we quantify the forces required to unfold two molecules pulled in parallel, difficult when using unspecific approaches. The proposed method represents a step forward toward more reproducible measurements to probe protein unfolding history and opens the door to systematic probing of rare and multiple molecule unfolding mechanisms.
Ferroelastically and magnetically co-coupled resistive switching in Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3/PMN-PT(011) multiferroic heterostructures
Authors: Zheng Ming , Xu Xiao-Ke , Ni Hao , Qi Ya-Ping , Li Xiao-Min , Gao Ju
Published: March 2018

The phase separation, i.e., the competition between coexisting multi-phases, can be adjusted by external stimuli, such as magnetic field, electric field, current, light, and strain. Here, a multiferroic heterostructure composed of a charge-ordered Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 thin film and a ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 single crystal is fabricated to investigate the lattice strain and magnetic field co-control of phase separation in resistive switching. The stable and nonvolatile resistance tuning is realized at room temperature using the electric-field-induced reversible ferroelastic strain effect, which can be enhanced by 84% under the magnetic field. Moreover, the magnetoresistance can be effectively tuned by the electrically driven ferroelastic strain. These findings reveal that the ferroelastic strain and the magnetic field strongly correlate with each other and are mediated by phase separation. Our work provides an approach to design strain-engineered multifunctional memory devices based on complex oxides by introducing an extra magnetic field stimulus.
Theoretical modeling of electroosmotic flow in soft microchannels: A variational approach applied to the rectangular geometry
Authors: Sadeghi Arman
Published: March 2018

Modeling of fluid flow in polyelectrolyte layer (PEL)-grafted microchannels is challenging due to their two-layer nature. Hence, the pertinent studies are limited only to circular and slit geometries for which matching the solutions for inside and outside the PEL is simple. In this paper, a simple variational-based approach is presented for the modeling of fully developed electroosmotic flow in PEL-grafted microchannels by which the whole fluidic area is considered as a single porous medium of variable properties. The model is capable of being applied to microchannels of a complex cross-sectional area. As an application of the method, it is applied to a rectangular microchannel of uniform PEL properties. It is shown that modeling a rectangular channel as a slit may lead to considerable overestimation of the mean velocity especially when both the PEL and electric double layer (EDL) are thick. It is also demonstrated that the mean velocity is an increasing function of the fixed charge density and PEL thickness and a decreasing function of the EDL thickness and PEL friction coefficient. The influence of the PEL thickness on the mean velocity, however, vanishes when both the PEL thickness and friction coefficient are sufficiently high.
Physics of increased edge electron temperature and density turbulence during ELM-free QH-mode operation on DIII-D
Authors: Sung C. , Rhodes T. L. , Staebler G. M. , Yan Z. , McKee G. R. , Smith S. P. , Osborne T. H. , Peebles W. A.
Published: March 2018

For the first time, we report increased edge electron temperature and density turbulence levels (T̃e and ñe) in Edge Localized Mode free Quiescent H-mode (ELM-free QH-mode) plasmas as compared to the ELMing time period. ELMs can severely damage plasma facing components in fusion plasma devices due to their large transient energy transport, making ELM-free operation a highly sought after goal. The QH-mode is a candidate for this goal as it is ELM-free for times limited only by hardware constraints. It is found that the driving gradients decrease during the QH-mode compared to the ELMing phase, however, a significant decrease in the ExB shearing rate is also observed that taken together is consistent with the increased turbulence. These results are significant as the prediction and control of ELM-free H-mode regimes are crucial for the operation of future fusion devices such as ITER. The changes in the linear growth rates calculated by CGYRO [Candy et al., J. Comput. Phys. 324, 73 (2016)] and the measured ExB shearing rate between ELMing and QH-mode phases are qualitatively consistent with these turbulence changes. Comparison with ELMing and 3D fields ELM suppressed H-mode finds a similar increase in T̃e and ñe, however, with distinctly different origins, the increased driving gradients rather than the changes in the ExB shearing rate in 3D fields ELM suppressed the H-mode. However, linear gyrokinetic calculation results are generally consistent with the increased turbulence in both ELM-controlled discharges.
Gyrokinetic theory for particle and energy transport in fusion plasmas
Authors: Falessi Matteo Valerio , Zonca Fulvio
Published: March 2018

A set of equations is derived describing the macroscopic transport of particles and energy in a thermonuclear plasma on the energy confinement time. The equations thus derived allow studying collisional and turbulent transport self-consistently, retaining the effect of magnetic field geometry without postulating any scale separation between the reference state and fluctuations. Previously, assuming scale separation, transport equations have been derived from kinetic equations by means of multiple-scale perturbation analysis and spatio-temporal averaging. In this work, the evolution equations for the moments of the distribution function are obtained following the standard approach; meanwhile, gyrokinetic theory has been used to explicitly express the fluctuation induced fluxes. In this way, equations for the transport of particles and energy up to the transport time scale can be derived using standard first order gyrokinetics.