bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracting the thermal SZ signal from heterogeneous millimeter data sets
Authors: Bourdin H. , Baldi A.S. , Kozmanyan A. , Mazzotta P.
Published: January 2020

Complementarily to X-ray observations, the thermal SZ effect is a powerful tool to probe the baryonic content of galaxy clusters from their core to their peripheries. While contaminations by astrophysical and instrumental backgrounds require us to scan the thermal SZ signal across various frequencies, the multi-scale nature of cluster morphologies require us to observe such objects at various angular resolutions. We developed component separation algorithms that take advantage of sparse representations to combine these heterogeneous pieces of information, separate the thermal SZ signal from its contaminants, detect and map the thermal SZ signal of galaxy clusters from nearby to more distant clusters of the Planck catalogue. Spatially weighted likelihoods allow us in particular to connect parametric fittings of the component Spectral Energy Distribution with wavelet and curvelet imaging, but also to combine signals registered with beams of various width. Such techniques already allow us to detect sub-structures in the peripheries of nearby clusters with Planck, and could be extended to observations performed at higher angular resolutions.
SZ contribution to characterize the shape of galaxy cluster haloes
Authors: Ettori Stefano , Sereno Mauro , Burkutean Sandra , Sayers Jack
Published: January 2020

We present the on-going activity to characterize the geometrical properties of the gas and dark matter haloes using multi-wavelength observations of galaxy clusters. The role of the SZ signal in describing the gas distribution is discussed for the pilot case of the CLASH object MACS J1206.2-0847.
Dust evolution in pre-stellar cores
Authors: Lefèvre Charlène , Pagani Laurent , Ladjelate Bilal , Min Michiel , Hirashita Hiroyuki , Zylka Robert
Published: January 2020

Dust grains are the building blocks of future planets. They evolve in size, shape and composition during the life cycle of the interstellar medium. We seek to understand the process which leads from diffuse medium grains to dust grains in the vicinity of protostars inside disks. As a first step, we propose to characterize the dust evolution inside pre-stellar cores thanks to multi-wavelength observations. We will present how NIKA2 maps are crucial to better constrain dust properties and we will introduce SIGMA: a new flexible dust model in open access.
Cluster cosmology with the NIKA2 SZ Large Program
Authors: Mayet F. , Adam R. , Ade P. , André P. , Andrianasolo A. , Arnaud M. , Aussel H. , Bartalucci I. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Bideaud A. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Comis B. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E.F.C. , Gomez A. , Goupy J. , Kéruzoré F. , Kramer C. , Ladjelate B. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Macías-Pérez J.F. , Mauskopf P. , Monfardini A. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Pointecouteau E. , Ponthieu N. , Pratt G.W. , Revéret V. , Ritacco A. , Romero C. , Roussel H. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Shu S. , Sievers A. , Tucker C. , Zylka R.
Published: January 2020

The main limiting factor of cosmological analyses based on thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) cluster statistics comes from the bias and systematic uncertainties that affect the estimates of the mass of galaxy clusters. High-angular resolution SZ observations at high redshift are needed to study a potential redshift or morphology dependence of both the mean pressure profile and of the mass-observable scaling relation used in SZ cosmological analyses. The NIKA2 camera is a new generation continuum instrument installed at the IRAM 30-m telescope. With a large field of view, a high angular resolution and a high-sensitivity, the NIKA2 camera has unique SZ mapping capabilities. In this paper, we present the NIKA2 SZ large program, aiming at observing a large sample of clusters at redshifts between 0.5 and 0.9, and the characterization of the first cluster oberved with NIKA2.
NIKA2 observations around LBV stars Emission from stars and circumstellar material
Authors: Ricardo Rizzo J. , Ritacco Alessia , Bordiu Cristobal
Published: January 2020

Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) stars are evolved massive objects, previous to core-collapse supernova. LBVs are characterized by photometric and spectroscopic variability, produced by strong and dense winds, mass-loss events and very intense UV radiation. LBVs strongly disturb their surroundings by heating and shocking, and produce important amounts of dust. The study of the circumstellar material is therefore crucial to understand how these massive stars evolve, and also to characterize their effects onto the interstellar medium. The versatility of NIKA2 is a key in providing simultaneous observations of both the stellar continuum and the extended, circumstellar contribution. The NIKA2 frequencies (150 and 260 GHz) are in the range where thermal dust and free-free emission compete, and hence NIKA2 has the capacity to provide key information about the spatial distribution of circumstellar ionized gas, warm dust and nearby dark clouds; non-thermal emission is also possible even at these high frequencies. We show the results of the first NIKA2 survey towards five LBVs. We detected emission from four stars, three of them immersed in tenuous circumstellar material. The spectral indices show a complex distribution and allowed us to separate and characterize different components. We also found nearby dark clouds, with spectral indices typical of thermal emission from dust. Spectral indices of the detected stars are negative and hard to be explained only by free-free processes. In one of the sources, G79.29+0.46, we also found a strong correlation of the 1mm and 2mm continuum emission with respect to nested molecular shells at ≈1 pc from the LBV. The spectral index in this region clearly separates four components: the LBV star, a bubble characterized by free-free emission, and a shell interacting with a nearby infrared dark cloud.
NIKA2 mapping and cross-instrument SED extraction of extended sources with Scanamorphos
Authors: Roussel H. , Ponthieu N. , Adam R. , Ade P. , André P. , Andrianasolo A. , Aussel H. , Beelen A. , Benoît A. , Bideaud A. , Bourrion O. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Comis B. , De Petris M. , Désert F.-X. , Doyle S. , Driessen E. F. C. , Gomez A. , Goupy J. , Kéruzoré F. , Kramer C. , Ladjelate B. , Lagache G. , Leclercq S. , Lestrade J.-F. , Macías-Pérez J.F. , Mauskopf P. , Mayet F. , Monfardini A. , Perotto L. , Pisano G. , Revéret V. , Ritacco A. , Romero C. , Ruppin F. , Schuster K. , Shu S. , Sievers A. , Tucker C. , Zylka R.
Published: January 2020

The steps taken to tailor to NIKA2 observations the Scanamorphos algorithm (initially developed to subtract low-frequency noise from Herschel on-the-fly observations) are described, focussing on the consequences of the different instrument architecture and observation strategy. The method, making the most extensive use of the redundancy built in the multi-scan coverage with large arrays of a given region of the sky, is applicable to extended sources, while the pipeline is so far optimized for compact sources. An example of application is given. A related tool to build consistent broadband SEDs from 60 microns to 2 mm, combining Herschel and NIKA2 data, has also been developed. Its main task is to process the data least affected by low-frequency noise and coverage limitations (i.e. the Herschel data) through the same transfer function as the NIKA2 data, simulating the same scan geometry and applying the same noise and atmospheric signal as extracted from the 1mm and 2mm data.
The (love & hate) role of entropy in process metallurgy
Authors: Tveit Halvard , Kolbeinsen Leiv
Published: January 2020

Process metallurgy is the basis for the production, refining and recycling of metals and is based on knowledge of transport phenomena, thermodynamics and reaction kinetics, and of their interaction in high-temperature, heterogeneous metallurgical processes. The entropy concept is crucial in describing such systems, but, because entropy is not directly observable, some effort is required to grasp the role of entropy in process metallurgy. In this paper, we will give some examples of how entropy has a positive effect on efforts to reach the process objectives in some cases, while in other cases, entropy acts in contradiction to the desired results. In order to do this, it is necessary to have a closer look at both the entropy concept itself as well as at other functions like free energy and exergy since they encompass entropy. The chosen case is the production of silicon. It is the huge entropy change in the process that is utilized. The case is not chosen arbitrary. Indeed, it is the authors’ strong belief that silicon will be one of the foundations for the environmental and energy future planned for in the “Paris-agreement”. We will also explore relatively recent research in physics and thermodynamics that led to the description of the concepts like “dissipative systems and structures”. Dissipative systems are thermodynamically open systems, operating out of, and often far from thermodynamic equilibrium and exhibit dynamical regimes that are in some sense in a reproducible self-organized steady state. Such structures can arise almost everywhere provided this structure, feeding on low entropy resources, dissipates entropy generated in the form of heat and waste material in parallel with the wanted products/results. Examples range from metallurgical processes to the emergence of industrial symbiosis.
Galectin-3 and Cardiovascular Biomarkers Reflect Adaptation Response
to Scuba Diving
Authors: Žarak Marko , Perović Antonija , Dobrović Irena , Goreta Sandra Šupraha , Dumić Jerka
Published: January 2020

To understand better the adaptation response of the cardiovascular system (CVS)
to self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) diving, Galectin-3
(Gal-3) and specific CVS biomarkers were measured in plasma of 16 male
recreational divers before and after (30 min, 3 and 6 h) diving
(total time of 30 min at 30 m depth) undertaken a after long
non-dive period. The one-time SCUBA dive caused a significant increase in Gal-3,
N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity
troponin-I (hs-TnI), and myoglobin immediately after diving. Whereas Gal-3 and
myoglobin dropped down to the basal levels during the recovery period, NT-proBNP
and hs-TnI concentration continued to increase. An immediate increase of
vascular endothelial growth factor, detected immediately after diving, was
followed by a significant decrease and return to the basal level, 3 and 6 h
after diving, respectively. After a significant initial decrease, endothelin-1
increased during the recovery period, but did not return to the basal level. The
observed changes in these biomarkers reflect comprehensive, but transient
adaptation of CVS and muscular system to the specific environmental conditions
during the SCUBA dive. Whether the recurrent activation of these adaption
mechanisms due to repetitive dives has positive or negative effects on CVS
remains to be elucidated.
Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Synthesis of α-Ketoamides from Aryl Methyl Ketones and N-Bromobutanimide Using N,N-Dimethylformamide as Dimethylamine Source
Authors: Wei Ying , Yan Yongxia , Li Xiaoyan
Published: January 2020

A novel and practical Cu(OAc)2-catalyzed oxidative synthesis of α-ketoamides from aryl methyl ketones and N-bromobutanimide (NBS) using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as dimethylamine (HNMe2) source and solvent has been developed under mild conditions. DMF was used as a HNMe2 source and can be easily converted into HNMe2 by acid hydrolysis. The mechanistic studies indicate that Cu(OAc)2 plays a dual role in providing both catalyst and oxidant.
Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome
Authors: Rana Mandeep , Torres Alcy R. , Hon Kam Lun , Leung Alexander K.C. , Jonas Rinat
Published: January 2020

Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is a subset or variant of new-onset refractory status epilepticus in children. FIRES is characterized by the occurrence of a febrile episode between 24 hours and 2 weeks before the onset of refractory status epilepticus. A infectious cause is rarely identified in FIRES and an inflammatory or autoimmune etiology is implied. Seizures in FIRES are very difficult to control, and treatments include antiepileptic drugs, ketogenic diet, intravenous immunoglobulin, plasmapheresis, and corticosteroid therapy. The prognosis for patients with FIRES is poor, and most children are left with refractory epilepsy and cognitive impairment. The new consensus guidelines on the terminology of FIRES and recent interest in new treatment approaches have been welcome developments for clinicians who face the challenge of diagnosing and managing status epilepticus in a previously healthy child that occurs following a minor febrile episode. This review aims to provide clinicians with an update on the current hypotheses for the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical evaluation, management, and future directions in the diagnosis and treatment of FIRES.
Association of Increased Red Cell Distribution Width with Malignant Transformation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Joshi Jaya , Bishen Kundendu Arya , Gehi Sonam , Kumar Pratiksha , Singh Anand Krishna , Gupta Puneet
Published: January 2020

Introduction Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is associated with nutritional deficiencies—primarily of iron and vitamins and usually seem to be associated with anemia. Red cell distribution width (RDW) is one of the routinely assessed parameters in complete blood picture analysis of any patient. It measures range of variation in erythrocyte size. A high RDW value has been associated to adverse outcomes in several diseases and risk of death. However, the relationship of RDW and OSMF is yet to be established.

Aim To analyze the association of RDW levels and other erythrocytic indices with clinical staging and prognosis of OSMF patients.

Materials and Methods Analysis of clinical stage and hematologic status of 86 patients comprising the study group (OSMF cases and OSMF with malignant changes) and control group was performed. It was done using Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance test.

Results The values of mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were below normal from the onset of oral submucous fibrosis and they continued to decrease as the disease progressed. On other hand, RDW values were found to be in normal range in initial stages of disease and they became high in stage IV OSMF and increased further in OSMF patients with malignant changes.

Conclusion We observed that higher values of RDW are strongly and independently associated with OSMF and OSCC, suggesting that RDW may contribute as most economic novel biochemical marker for progression and malignant transformation of OSMF.
Extensor digitorum brevis manus - its incidence and clinical insight
Authors: Desai Rajeev R , Desai Ashwini R , Ambali Manoj P
Published: January 2020

Background and aims: Extensor digitorwn brevis manus is an accessory muscle on the dorsum of the hand. It lies in the fourth extensor compartment of the wrist. Its occurrence is relatively rare. Incidence of this muscle is 4% in the general population. Presence of this muscle is usually asymptomatic but rarely it may produce painful swelling which can be misdiagnosed as lipoma or ganglion or synovial cyst. Aim of the present study was to find out the incidence of extensor digitorwn brevis manus muscle in Indian cadavers. Material and Methods : Study was conducted on 64 human hands of adult Indian cadavers of unknown age and sex in the department of anatomy. A longitudinal incision was placed on the dorsum of hand along the axis of middle finger, skin flaps were raised both on radial and ulnar side. A transverse incision was taken at metacarpo-phalangeal joints from second to fifth fingers. Dorsum of each hand was dissected carefully to see the presence of extensor digitorwn brevis manus. Results: We found extensor digitorum brevis manus muscle in 3 hands [rt.-1; It. - 2] out of 64, i.e. 4.68%. Conclusion: Anatomical knowledge of this muscle present in the extensor compartment may be helpful in planning tendon transfer or graft surgeries Therefore, the knowledge of these variant muscles may be important.
Confined direct and reverse chemical gardens: Influence of local flow velocity on precipitation patterns
Authors: Ziemecka I. , Brau F. , De Wit A.
Published: January 2020

Various cobalt silicate precipitation patterns can be observed when an aqueous solution of cobalt ions gets into contact with a solution of silicate ions upon injection of one solution into the other in the confined geometry of a Hele–Shaw cell. The properties of these precipitation patterns are studied here as a function of the injection flow rate, densities and viscosities of the solutions, and the choice of which solution is injected into the other one. Our results show that the structure of the precipitation pattern depends on the local velocity as well as on the difference in viscosities between the injected and the displaced solutions. Specifically, decreasing the injection flow rate and/or decreasing the density jump while increasing the difference in viscosities between the reactant solutions results in more circular patterns. Moreover, we show that some structures are robustly observed in given ranges of the local flow velocity in the cell. Locally, precipitation can then transition from one type of pattern to another during injection, according to that preferred structure at the given local velocity. We also show that injection of the cobalt solution into the silicate solution results in the so-called direct patterns that are different from the reverse patterns obtained when the silicate solution is injected in the solution of cobalt ions. Our results help in understanding the production of precipitate structures under nonequilibrium flow conditions.
Nonequilibrium ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations of lattice thermal conductivity in irradiated glassy Ge2Sb2Te5
Authors: Mocanu Felix C. , Konstantinou Konstantinos , Elliott Stephen R.
Published: January 2020

An analysis of thermal transients from nonequilibrium ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations can be used to calculate the thermal conductivity of materials with a short phonon mean-free path. We adapt the approach-to-equilibrium methodology to the three-dimensional case of a simulation that consists of a cubic core region at higher temperature approaching thermal equilibrium with a thermostatted boundary. This leads to estimates of the lattice thermal conductivity for the glassy state of the phase-change memory material, Ge2Sb2Te5, which are close to previously reported experimental measurements. Self-atom irradiation of the material, modeled using thermal spikes and stochastic-boundary conditions, results in glassy models with a significant reduction of diffusive thermal transport compared to the pristine glassy structure. This approach may prove to be useful in technological applications, e.g., for the suppression of thermal cross talk in phase-change memory and data-storage devices.
Reliable target ligand detection by noise-induced receptor cluster formation
Authors: Kajita Masashi K. , Aihara Kazuyuki , Kobayashi Tetsuya J.
Published: January 2020

Intracellular reactions are intrinsically stochastic. Nonetheless, cells can reliably respond to the changing environment by sensing their target molecules sensitively and specifically, even with the existence of abundant structurally-similar non-target molecules. The mechanism of how the cells can balance and achieve such different characteristics is not yet fully understood. In this work, we demonstrate that these characteristics can be attained by a ligand-induced stochastic cluster formation of receptors via the noise-induced symmetry breaking, in which the intrinsic stochasticity works to enhance sensitivity and specificity. We also show that the noise-induced cluster formation enables cells to detect the target ligand reliably by compensating the abundant non-target ligands in the environment. The proposed mechanism may lead to a deeper understanding of a biological function of the receptor clustering and provide an alternative candidate for the reliable ligand detection to the kinetic proofreading.
Approach promises large-scale cell patterning in microchannels
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: January 2020

Specific cell types can be placed in the channel both hydrodynamically and by self-assembly into a microstamped pattern.
Taxonomy of rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia : Macropodidae). V. A description of two new subspecies of the black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis)
Authors: Eldridge Mark D. B. , Potter Sally
Published: January 2020

The black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis) is the most widespread member of the endemic Australian macropodid genus Petrogale. Considerable morphological and genetic diversity within this species has long been recognised and P. lateralis is currently divided into three described subspecies (P. lateralis lateralis, P. l. pearsoni, P. l. hacketti) and two undescribed forms (MacDonnell Ranges race, West Kimberley race). Chromosomal, morphological, genic and genomic studies have demonstrated that these five taxa are closely related but distinguishable. Here, we formally name the MacDonnell Ranges race and the West Kimberley race as subspecies of P. lateralis. Taxonomic registration: (LSID publication) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71C3B7CE-CE3D-4A78-83A6-5EB50FBBA810
Structural analysis of the intrinsically disordered splicing factor Spp2 and its binding to the DEAH-box ATPase Prp2
Authors: Hamann Florian , Schmitt Andreas , Favretto Filippo , Hofele Romina , Neumann Piotr , Xiang ShengQi , Urlaub Henning , Zweckstetter Markus , Ficner Ralf
Published: January 2020

The spliceosome consists of five small RNAs and more than 100 proteins. Almost 50% of the human spliceosomal proteins were predicted to be intrinsically disordered or to contain disordered regions, among them the G-patch protein Spp2. The G-patch region of Spp2 binds to the DEAH-box ATPase Prp2, and both proteins together are essential for promoting the transition from the B
act
to the catalytically active B* spliceosome. Here we show by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that Spp2 is intrinsically disordered in solution. Crystal structures of a complex consisting of Prp2-ADP and the G-patch domain of Spp2 demonstrate that the G-patch gains a defined fold when bound to Prp2. While the N-terminal region of the G-patch always folds into an α-helix in five different crystal structures, the C-terminal part is able to adopt two alternative conformations. NMR studies further revealed that the N-terminal part of the Spp2 G-patch, which is the most conserved region in different G-patch proteins, transiently samples helical conformations, possibly facilitating a conformational selection binding mechanism. The structural analysis unveils the role of conserved residues of the G-patch in the dynamic interaction mode of Spp2 with Prp2, which is vital to maintain the binding during the Prp2 domain movements needed for RNA translocation.
Genome-scale transcriptional dynamics and environmental biosensing
Authors: Graham Garrett , Csicsery Nicholas , Stasiowski Elizabeth , Thouvenin Gregoire , Mather William H. , Ferry Michael , Cookson Scott , Hasty Jeff
Published: January 2020

Genome-scale technologies have enabled mapping of the complex molecular networks that govern cellular behavior. An emerging theme in the analyses of these networks is that cells use many layers of regulatory feedback to constantly assess and precisely react to their environment. The importance of complex feedback in controlling the real-time response to external stimuli has led to a need for the next generation of cell-based technologies that enable both the collection and analysis of high-throughput temporal data. Toward this end, we have developed a microfluidic platform capable of monitoring temporal gene expression from over 2,000 promoters. By coupling the “Dynomics” platform with deep neural network (DNN) and associated explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) algorithms, we show how machine learning can be harnessed to assess patterns in transcriptional data on a genome scale and identify which genes contribute to these patterns. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of the Dynomics platform as a field-deployable real-time biosensor through prediction of the presence of heavy metals in urban water and mine spill samples, based on the the dynamic transcription profiles of 1,807 unique
Escherichia coli
promoters.
Skin permeability barrier formation by the ichthyosis-causative gene
FATP4
through formation of the barrier lipid ω-
O
-acylceramide
Authors: Yamamoto Haruka , Hattori Miku , Chamulitrat Walee , Ohno Yusuke , Kihara Akio
Published: January 2020

Significance

Acylceramide is essential for skin permeability barrier formation. However, its biosynthesis pathway has not yet been elucidated in its entirety. In the present study, we found that
Fatp4
disruption substantially decreased the amount of acylceramides in mice, as did
FATP4
knockdown in human keratinocytes. In addition, in vitro experiments demonstrated that FATP4 exhibited acyl-CoA synthetase activity toward an ω-hydroxy ultra-long-chain fatty acid, an intermediate of the acylceramide biosynthetic pathway. From these results, we conclude that FATP4 functions in skin barrier formation through acylceramide synthesis. Our findings not only reveal the pathogenic mechanism of ichthyosis prematurity syndrome, but also help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the synthesis of the skin barrier lipid acylceramide.
Wireless, battery-free subdermally implantable photometry systems for chronic recording of neural dynamics
Authors: Burton Alex , Obaid Sofian N. , Vázquez-Guardado Abraham , Schmit Matthew B. , Stuart Tucker , Cai Le , Chen Zhiyuan , Kandela Irawati , Haney Chad R. , Waters Emily A. , Cai Haijiang , Rogers John A. , Lu Luyao , Gutruf Philipp
Published: January 2020

Significance

Monitoring neuronal activity with cell specificity in freely behaving animal models can yield insights into underpinning operating mechanisms of the brain. Dynamics of genetically targeted neuronal populations can be recorded through calcium indicators; however, current tools for such measurements are only available with tethers or large and heavy externalized head stages, with potential to influence behaviors of the test subjects and to limit experimental paradigms to simple two-dimensional arenas. Here, we introduce highly miniaturized, wireless, battery-free, and subdermally implantable photometry systems that bypass these limitations to enable chronic recording of neural dynamics in ethologically relevant environments with no impact on test subject behavior. This technology has potential for broad utility in neuroscience research and can enable fundamentally new experiments in neuronal dynamics and simultaneous behavior studies.
What are the guiding principles in the evolution of language: Paradigmatics or syntagmatics?
Authors: Abraham Werner
Published: January 2020

The main designs of modern theories of syntax assume a process of syntagmatic organization. However, research on first language acquisition leaves no doubt that the structured combination of single lexical items cannot begin until a critical mass of lexical items has been acquired such that the lexicon is structured hierarchically on the basis of hierarchical feature bundling. Independent of a decision between the main views about the design of a proto language (the grammarless “Holophrastic view”,Arbib & Bickerton 2010: 1,Bickerton 2014) or the ‘Compositional View’ as taken byRizzi (2010),Carstairs-McCarthy (2010), and others. What seems to be the minimal offset for language is the existence of grammatical categories like verb and noun, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, functional categories as needed for the expression of all kinds of agreement between the distinct categories to form recursively structured complexes. I follow the different stages of complexification asking whether there is paradigmatic next to syntagmatic organization and what its added value is for the evolution of grammar. The conclusion will be that paradigmatics is an indismissible part of the organization of early language in that it structures the lexicon so as to make primary and secondary syntactic merge possible and, consequently, is also a prerequisite for movement. The guiding idea of this position is Roman Jakobson’s insistence on the twofold organization of language and grammar. The two organizational designs, syntagmatics and paradigmatics, are manifest within each module: in the phonetic, the morphological, the syntactic, the semantic, and the pragmatic form (consider Jakobson’s1971a,breiterated argument).
Non-canonical case marking on subjects in Russian and Lithuanian
Authors: Magnani Marco
Published: January 2020

In case-marking languages with nominative-accusative alignment the subject of a sentence is usually marked by nominative case. In some of these languages, however, the subject of a number of verbs is either consistently or alternately marked by another, non-nominative case. Such non-canonical case marking has often been approached in the linguistic literature as a phenomenon at the interface between syntax and semantics. Yet the predictions of this kind of approach seem more probabilistic than regular. This paper offers a new perspective to analyse the phenomenon, which encompasses the role of information structure in case marking. Drawing onSilverstein’s (1976)theory of differential subject marking andDalrymple & Nikolaeva’s (2011)approach to differential object marking, it is argued that non-canonically case-marked subjects can be better analysed as instances of either non-topical subjects or subjects lacking one or more semantic features typical of topicality. The approach outlined in the paper is tested on a number of constructions in Russian and Lithuanian. It is shown how, in both languages, the analysed instances of non-canonically case-marked subjects exhibit a complex interplay among grammatical, semantic and discourse-pragmatic factors.
Idea-based and image-based linguacultures
Authors: Durst-Andersen Per , Barratt Daniel
Published: January 2020

In order to investigate whether or not cultural cognitive differences between Western and East Asian countries should be taken seriously we compared the empirical results from studies of perception and cognition involving primarily American and Chinese people to linguistic data from exactly the same areas in American English and Mandarin Chinese. What we found were systematic language parallels to the perceptual and cognitive differences found in empirical studies. Our linguistic analysis did not only reveal that the differences should be taken seriously, but also that it seems to be possible to trace them back to different perspectives involved: The Anglo-American culture has an idea-based perspective, while the Mandarin Chinese culture has an image-based perspective to what appears to be a common basis for both Americans and Chinese in all other respects. The difference in perspective is, for instance, reflected in the two very different writing systems.
Conceptualizing Brexit
Authors: Tincheva Nelly
Published: January 2020

Brexit, i.e. the withdrawal of the United Kingdom (UK) from the European Union (EU), is a major event not only in European but also in global politics. Its effect is still to be witnessed and its future impact is debated from a variety of angles – social, economic, cultural, ethnic, religious, etc. The present paper offers a cognitive linguistic perspective on the phenomenon. It aims to investigate the conceptual metaphorization of Brexit on the first days after the 2016 referendum. That period seems of special importance as, arguably, it was then that for many UK citizens, Brexit suddenly became part of reality and not just a hypothetical possibility.

The paper presents data on the dynamics of employing different source domains on each of the first 4 days after the referendum. The main objective is to isolate regularities and tendencies in how the selected culturally-significant source domains help structure the concept. The analysis of the dataset of English-language EU online media texts appearing on the first 4 post-referendum days reveals that the most prominent source domains in the metaphoric conceptualization ofbrexitaredivorce, a natural disasterandpart of a journey.
Does expressing emotions in the local language help migrants acculturate?
Authors: Panicacci Alessandra
Published: January 2020

Previous research has shown that emotional patterns are modified by linguistic and cultural influence. The present paper adopts a different perspective on the topic, investigating whether expressing emotions in the local language (LX) could predict migrants’ acculturation attitudes towards the heritage (L1) and the host (LX) cultures. Quantitative results from 468 migrants, supported by insights from 5 interviews, indicated that a frequent use of the LX for expressing anger, love and for swearing was linked to higher levels of acculturation to the LX culture. Specifically, the LX use for expressing anger and love explained 9.1% of the variance on migrants’ LX culture acculturation, where the LX use for expressing anger was by far the best predictor. Conversely, participants’ attachment to L1 cultural practices proved unrelated to their linguistic preferences for expressing emotions. Findings provide evidence that a language can be a strong emotional bond, able to orient migrants’ acculturation attitudes.
“Doctor, I disagree”
Authors: Labrie Nanon
Published: January 2020

In medical consultations, disagreements may arise. Yet, patients’ predisposition to engage in a discussion with their doctors to resolve these disagreements may vary. This study aims to develop and validate a measurement tool to assess patient argumentativeness (P-ARG) in general practice. Starting from the pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation and Infante and Rancer’s (1982) argumentativeness scale, scale items were developed and subsequently administered to 183 participants. Principal component analysis was conducted to explore the scale structure. Also, convergent and concurrent validity were assessed. The results confirmed a two-factor scale structure and provided preliminary support for its validity. While further refinement is required, the (preliminary) P-ARG scale can be used for research purposes by medical argumentation as well as health communication scholars, e.g., to explore the relationships between doctors’ provision of argumentation, patients’ perspectives thereof, and patient argumentativeness.
Effects of forearm wearable resistance on acceleration mechanics in collegiate track sprinters
Authors: Uthoff Aaron M. , Nagahara Ryu , Macadam Paul , Neville Jono , Tinwala Farhan , Graham Scott P. , Cronin John B.
Published: January 2020

Arm action is critical for optimising sprinting performance. This study aimed to examine overground sprinting performance and step characteristics during unloaded and 2% body mass (BM) forearm wearable resistance loaded sprinting. Fourteen collegiate male track sprinters performed unloaded and forearm loaded sprints over thirty metres of in‐ground force plates. Step kinematics and relative kinetics were compared between the unloaded and forearm loaded conditions over four acceleration phases (i.e. steps 1–4, 5–8, 9–12 and 13–16). Affixing 2% BM loads to the forearms did not significantly alter 0–30‐m sprint times (p > 0.05; −1.38 to −1.75%; ES = −0.38 to −0.54). Sprinting with forearm loads resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in relative propulsive impulse (5.48%; ES = 1.09) and step length (4.01%; ES = 1.04) over the 1st acceleration phase. Relative vertical impulse was the only variable to change over the middle two acceleration phases (3.94–4.18%; ES = 0.77–1.00). Over the last acceleration phase stride frequency was lower (−4.86%, ES = −0.92), yet both flight time (7.70%; ES = 0.79) and vertical impulse (4.12%; ES = 0.89) increased. These findings provide interesting programming implications for coaches who wish to improve the determinants of sprinting via dedicated and specific arm loaded training. Sprinting with forearm loads may be used to develop longer stride lengths by generating greater horizontal propulsion during early acceleration and promote alterations to step frequency and flight time imposed through greater vertical loading demands over the later phases of accelerated sprinting.
Time evolution of energy use intensities and energy gap of existing Hellenic non-residential buildings
Authors: Droutsa K G , Balaras C A , Lykoudis S , Kontoyiannidis S , Dascalaki E G
Published: January 2020

This work exploits data from the energy performance certificates (EPCs) of the national electronic repository, to characterize the energy use intensity (EUI) of non-residential (NR) buildings in Greece and investigate the gap between the nominal needs and the actual energy use. Over the past eight years, a total of about 1,500,000 EPCs have been issued for various building types, out of which 17.5% for NR buildings. As the national EPC database is progressively enriched with more data, the work considers the time evolution of the average EUI and analyse the available data in order to determine whether they can be regarded as typical and representative for the Hellenic building stock. When available, data on actual energy use of the buildings is used in an attempt to close the gap between calculated (asset) and actual (operational) energy use. The data is organized in terms of different end uses and used to generate empirical correction factors that relate the normative calculated heating energy consumption with the actual energy use. These factors can be used to make more realistic estimates of the energy performance of buildings that undergo different refurbishments at national level.
Seasonal heat performances of air-to-water heat pumps in the Greek climate
Authors: Mouzeviris G A , Papakostas K T
Published: January 2020

With the implementation of the European Union (EU) Energy-related Products (ErP) Directive, heat pumps (HPs) and in particular air-to-water heat pumps (AWHPs), are expected to be widely installed in heating systems of residential and of the tertiary sector buildings. Heat pumps are nowadays regarded as a key technology for achieving the EU strategy towards nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs) and for reducing the fossil primary energy consumption and the related CO2 emissions. The awareness of HPs seasonal efficiency, which is affected by multiple parameters, is very important for choosing the best heat pump technology and the right equipment in a heating or cooling installation. The aim of this paper is to provide the Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (SCOP) of various AWHPs available in the Greek market from various manufacturers and installed in buildings located in the four Greek climate zones (A, B, C, D). The calculations are performed according to EN 14825 by using temperature data of four representative cities, one for each zone. Numerical results show the influence of various parameters, like HP’s compressor technology, water outlet temperature, and weather compensation to SCOP value, and highlight the importance of climate data for the accuracy of seasonal performance estimation.
Assessing the impact of climate change on energy retrofit of alpine historic buildings: consequences for the hygrothermal performance
Authors: Hao L. , Herrera D. , Troi A. , Petitta M. , Matiu M. , Del Pero C.
Published: January 2020

Climate change will affect future hygrothermal performance of buildings. This could lead to higher risks regarding energy optimization, thermal comfort and historic building conservation depending on the local climate, building construction and retrofit solutions adopted. This paper explores the risks brought by climate change on a typical residential historic building of South Tyrol. The results obtained show that, although the climate warming will reduce the future heating energy demand, an improvement of buildings’ energy performance will still be necessary to increase sustainability and ensure their continued use. Natural ventilation would suffice to prevent overheating in the studied location, but a further analysis is needed for warmer alpine regions. Regarding the moisture-related risks for the historic construction, mould growth should be considered when retrofitting a wooden wall and frost damage should be carefully studied in the case of sandstone walls.
Valbenazine and deutetrabenazine: Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors for tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Khorassani Farah , Luther Kiranjit , Talreja Om
Published: January 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence for valbenazine and deutetrabenazine use for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD).

A literature search was conducted to gather relevant data regarding the use of valbenazine and deutetrabenazine for TD management. PubMed, MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the following keywords and MeSH terms: valbenazine, deutetrabenazine, tardive dyskinesia, VMAT2 inhibitors, and vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitors. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials and meta-analyses published in English from April 2015 to August 2019 were included. Valbenazine 40–80 mg and deutetrabenazine 12–36 mg per day have been evaluated for the treatment of TD. Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores decline similarly (by 2–5 points) with use of either agent. AIMS response rates, defined by a 50% decline in symptoms, range from 33% to 50%. Both agents are well tolerated, with somnolence and akathisia reported most frequently (at low rates). Agent selection may be guided by manufacturer labeling recommendations for special populations and cost considerations.

Conclusions

Valbenazine and deutetrabenazine were demonstrated to be effective in decreasing AIMS scores and were well tolerated in randomized controlled trials. These treatments may be considered as a next-line option when traditional strategies are not feasible or are ineffective. Head-to-head studies are warranted to decipher if either agent is preferable in terms of efficacy or tolerability.
Dose, Timing, and Spectrum of Prenatal Antibiotic Exposure and Risk of Childhood Asthma
Authors: Turi Kedir N , Gebretsadik Tebeb , Ding Tan , Abreo Andrew , Stone Cosby , Hartert Tina V , Wu Pingsheng
Published: January 2020

Background

The potential for prenatal antibiotic exposure to influence asthma risk is not clear. We aimed to determine the effect of timing, dose, and spectrum of prenatal antibiotic exposure on the risk of childhood asthma.

Methods

We conducted a population-based cohort study of 84 214 mother–child dyads to examine the association of prenatal antibiotic exposure and childhood asthma using multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

Sixty-four percent of pregnant women received antibiotics. Prenatal antibiotic exposure was associated dose-dependently with increased odds of childhood asthma (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for interquartile increase of 2 courses [interquartile range, 0–2], 1.26 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.20–1.33]). Among children exposed to at least 1 course in utero, the effect of timing at the first course was moderated by total maternal courses. Among pregnant women receiving a single antibiotic course, timing of exposure had no effect on childhood asthma risk. Among women receiving > 1 course, early exposure of the first course was associated with greater childhood asthma risk. Compared to narrow spectrum–only antibiotic use, broad spectrum–only antibiotic exposure was associated with increased odds of asthma (aOR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.05–1.24]). There were effect modifications (P < .001) by maternal asthma on total courses, and on timing of the first course, significant only among those without maternal asthma.

Conclusions

Increased cumulative dose, early pregnancy first course, and broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure were associated with childhood asthma risk. Our study provides important evidence supporting judicious prenatal antibiotic use, particularly timing of use and choice of antibiotics, in preventing subsequent childhood asthma.
Impact of the Third Cholesterol Report from the Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program on the Clinical Laboratory
Authors: Warnick G Russell , Myers Gary L , Cooper Gerald R , Rifai Nader
Published: January 2020

Background: The US National Cholesterol Education Program has recently released the third report of the Adult Treatment Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Incorporating new evidence and more consistent with other international intervention programs, these more complex guidelines will considerably expand indications for treatment. The implications for clinical laboratories are summarized in this report.

Content: LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) remains the major focus for classification and treatment, whereas diabetes, the presence of multiple risk factors, including the metabolic syndrome, and increased triglycerides (TGs), will now require more intensive management. For screening, a fasting lipoprotein profile is recommended, adding LDL-C and TGs to the previous measurements of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). Lowering the cutpoints defining optimal LDL-C [100 mg/dL (2.58 mmol/L)] and normal TGs [150 mg/dL (1.70 mmol/L)] and raising the cutpoint for low HDL-C to 40 mg/dL (1.03 mmol/L) will select more patients for treatment. A new marker, non-HDL-C, becomes a secondary target in treating high TGs.

Conclusions: Laboratories will need to adjust reporting formats and interpretations and can expect more requests for tests to characterize secondary causes of dyslipidemia, e.g., diabetes, and for the so-called “emerging risk factors”, e.g., lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and C-reactive protein.
Effect of Disease Complications on Hospital Costs
Authors: Young Donald S , Sachais Bruce S , Jefferies Leigh C
Published: January 2020

Background: To test the hypothesis that complications increase the use of resources in managing patients in hospitals, we examined the costs of managing patients with the same disease with and without complications.

Methods: We used a database developed by the University HealthSystems Consortium that contains the costs of managing more than 1 million patients in 60 University hospitals. We created a simplified database of the costs of 457 445 patients in 111-paired diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) that were classified as either having or not having complications and/or comorbidities. Costs were calculated from the ratio of costs to charges within the individual hospitals.

Results: The median costs of managing patients with complications were higher than those for managing patients without complications, confirming the appropriateness of the dual classification. Notably, these extra costs were largely incurred through increased length of stay. Of note, the cost per day for DRGs with complications and/or comorbidities was most often less than that for the corresponding uncomplicated conditions. Although accommodation costs generally were the largest single component of total costs for both complicated and uncomplicated conditions, in only 31 DRGs (15 with complications, 16 without) did they account for more than one-half the total costs. Laboratory and drug costs were higher for complicated conditions, but as a proportion of total costs were comparable for complicated and uncomplicated conditions.

Conclusions: Complications in patients are associated with increased hospital costs, although the costs per day of hospitalization are often less than in patients without such complications.