bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Character‐based symmetric searchable encryption and its implementation and experiment on mobile devices
Authors: Suga Takanori , Nishide Takashi , Sakurai Kouichi
Published: September 2013

Searchable encryption allows us to perform a keyword search over encrypted data. However, we cannot efficiently perform some complex search (e.g., a wildcard search) with traditional searchable encryption schemes because they can deal with only equality matches. Our symmetric searchable encryption can deal with partial matches. This allows us to efficiently perform a wildcard search, partial match search, and so on. We also examine the feasibility of our scheme by experiments on a smartphone and tablet, and confirm our scheme can be used in these environments. Availability on portable devices will offer high convenience. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Students Say about Their Own Sense of Entitlement
Authors: Fullerton Darren S.
Published: September 2013

Data from a focus group of undergraduate students confirm that students view themselves as deserving entitled treatment in higher education.
Activating Ego Engagement through Social Media Integration in the Large Lecture Hall
Authors: Elavsky C. Michael
Published: September 2013

This chapter provides strategies for harnessing the power of social media to better help Millennial students connect with course content.
The Establishment of Core Competencies for Canadian Genetic Counsellors: Validation of Practice Based Competencies
Authors: Ferrier Raechel Ann , Connolly‐Wilson Mary , Fitzpatrick Jennifer , Grewal Sonya , Robb Laura , Rutberg Julie , Lilley Margaret ,   CAGC Core Competencies Working Group
Published: September 2013

Numerous groups of health professionals have undertaken the task of defining core competencies for their profession. The goal of establishing core competencies is to have a defined standard for such professional needs as practice guidelines, training curricula, certification, continuing competency and re‐entry to practice. In 2006, the Canadian Association of Genetic Counsellors (CAGC) recognized the need for uniform practice standards for the profession in Canada, given the rapid progress of genetic knowledge and technologies, the expanding practice of genetic counsellors and the increasing demand for services. We report here the process by which the CAGC Practice Based Competencies were developed and then validated via two survey cycles, the first within the CAGC membership, and the second with feedback from external stakeholders. These competencies were formally approved in 2012 and describe the integrated skills, attitudes and judgment that genetic counsellors in Canada require in order to perform the services and duties that fall within the practice of the profession responsibly, safely, effectively and ethically.
Stress‐Temperature Effects on Transitions in PEO17PPO60PEO17 Triblock Copolymer Micellar Solutions
Authors: Pérez‐García María Guadalupe , Landázuri Gabriel , Pérez‐Carrillo Lourdes Adriana , González‐Álvarez Alejandro , Puig Jorge E. , Rharbi Yahya , Armando Soltero J. F.
Published: September 2013

In this work, the shear thickening behavior of micellar solutions of the PEO17PPO60PEO17 triblock copolymer as a function of applied shear stress and temperature is reported. Both, dynamic light scattering and rheological measurements, confirm micellar growth upon increasing temperature and/or applied stress, after an induction time. A synergetic effect of temperature and stress on the intensity of shear thickening (up to three‐order of magnitude) is demonstrated by a combination of T‐jump experiments and application of shear stress. The effect of temperature on the induction and saturation times, detected during the viscosity rise after applying both, a T‐jump and shear stress, is also examined.
Time well spent: The duration of foster care and early adult labor market, educational, and health outcomes
Authors: Fallesen Peter
Published: September 2013

Individuals who spent time in foster care as children fare on average worse than non‐placed peers in early adult life. Recent research on the effect of foster care placement on early adult life outcomes provides mixed evidence. Some studies suggest negative effects of foster care placement on early adult outcomes, others find null effects. This study shows that differences in the average duration of foster care stays explain parts of these discordant findings and then test how foster care duration shapes later life outcomes using administrative data on 7220 children. The children experienced different average durations of foster care because of differences in exposure to a reform. Later born cohorts spent on average 3 months longer in foster care than earlier born cohorts. Isolating exogenous variation in duration of foster care, the study finds positive effects of increased duration of foster care on income and labor market participation.
Carleman estimates for semi-discrete parabolic operators and application to the controllability of semi-linear semi-discrete parabolic equations
Authors: Boyer Franck , Le Rousseau Jérôme
Published: September 2013

In arbitrary dimension, in the discrete setting of finite-differences we prove a Carleman estimate for a semi-discrete parabolic operator, in which the large parameter is connected to the mesh size. This estimate is applied for the derivation of a (relaxed) observability estimate, that yield some controlability results for semi-linear semi-discrete parabolic equations. Sub-linear and super-linear cases are considered.
Turbophoresis attenuation in a turbulent channel flow with polymer additives
Authors: Nowbahar Arash , Sardina Gaetano , Picano Francesco , Brandt Luca
Published: September 2013

Turbophoresis occurs in wall-bounded turbulent flows where it induces a preferential accumulation of inertial particles towards the wall and is related to the spatial gradients of the turbulent velocity fluctuations. In this work, we address the effects of drag-reducing polymer additives on turbophoresis in a channel flow. The analysis is based on data from a direct numerical simulation of the turbulent flow of a viscoelastic fluid modelled with the FENE-P closure and laden with particles of different inertia. We show that polymer additives decrease the particle preferential wall accumulation and demonstrate with an analytical model that the turbophoretic drift is reduced because the wall-normal variation of the wall-normal fluid velocity fluctuations decreases. As this is a typical feature of drag reduction in turbulent flows, an attenuation of turbophoresis and a corresponding increase in the particle streamwise flux are expected to be observed in all of these flows, e.g. fibre or bubble suspensions and magnetohydrodynamics.
AN EXAMPLE CONCERNING BOUNDED LINEAR REGULARITY OF SUBSPACES IN HILBERT SPACE
Authors: REICH SIMEON , ZASLAVSKI ALEXANDER J.
Published: September 2013

We study bounded linear regularity of finite sets of closed subspaces in a Hilbert space. In particular, we construct for each natural number $n\geq 3$ a set of $n$ closed subspaces of ${\ell }^{2} $ which has the bounded linear regularity property, while the bounded linear regularity property does not hold for each one of its nonempty, proper nonsingleton subsets. We also establish a related theorem regarding the bounded regularity property in metric spaces.
UNIQUE REPRESENTATION BI-BASIS FOR THE INTEGERS
Authors: XIONG RAN , TANG MIN
Published: September 2013

For$n\in \mathbb{Z} $and$A\subseteq \mathbb{Z} $, let${r}_{A} (n)= \# \{ ({a}_{1} , {a}_{2} )\in {A}^{2} : n= {a}_{1} + {a}_{2} , {a}_{1} \leq {a}_{2} \} $and${\delta }_{A} (n)= \# \{ ({a}_{1} , {a}_{2} )\in {A}^{2} : n= {a}_{1} - {a}_{2} \} $. We call$A$a unique representation bi-basis if${r}_{A} (n)= 1$for all$n\in \mathbb{Z} $and${\delta }_{A} (n)= 1$for all$n\in \mathbb{Z} \setminus \{ 0\} $. In this paper, we construct a unique representation bi-basis of$ \mathbb{Z} $whose growth is logarithmic.
Divine maximal beauty: a reply to Jon Robson
Authors: ROBSON MARK IAN THOMAS
Published: September 2013

In this article I reply to Jon Robson's objections to my argument that God does not contain any possible worlds. I had argued that ugly possible worlds clearly compromise God's beauty. Robson argues that I failed to show that possible worlds can be subject to aesthetic evaluation, and that even if they were it could be the case that ugliness might contribute to God's overall beauty. In reply I try to show that possible worlds are aesthetically evaluable by arguing that possible worlds are maximally rich representations of possible events. I further argue that nothing in God's being can be aesthetically non-evaluable since God must be maximal beauty – a beauteous maximality which needs no ugliness. Finally I show in what sense Christ's heavenly scars can be beautiful.
From Two Camps to Three Worlds: The Party Worldview in PRC Textbooks (1949–1966)
Authors: Yu Miin-ling
Published: September 2013

The worldview as reflected in the textbooks of the People's Republic of China during 1949–1966 centred on Party-led nationalism, anti-imperialism and anti-colonialism. This article emphasizes both the continuities and changes in nationalist ideology during the Republican and Maoist periods. First, textbooks in Maoist China presented the imperialist powers as shifting away from Britain, Russia and Japan under the KMT government and towards the United States (since 1949) and the Soviet Union (since the 1960s), and emphasized class struggle. Second, the CCP had far greater control over the production of textbooks than the KMT. In this sense, the CCP truly carried out “partified” (danghua) education, a goal shared by the KMT which it never had the ability to achieve. In addition, “the language of Cultural Revolution” appeared with the outbreak of the Korean War. In other words, the education that cultivated revolutionary successors began in the early 1950s.
IMPERIAL ROGUES: REVERSE COLONIZATION FEARS IN GUY BOOTHBY'SA PRINCE OF SWINDLERSAND LATE-VICTORIAN DETECTIVE FICTION
Authors: Clarke Clare
Published: September 2013

This essay looks at howthe question of late-Victorian imperial decline is contested, formulated, and framed within Guy Boothby'sA Prince of Swindlers– a popular, yet critically-overlooked, collection of detective stories set in Calcutta and London, that appeared in 1897, the year of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. There is, of course, a familiar critical narrative about the Victorianfin de sièclethat characterises the era as a particularly fraught period “of mounting complexity and contradiction” with regard to empire (Dixon 2). The Berlin Conference of 1885, the failure of British Troops at the Siege of Khartoum, the so-called scramble for Africa, the undermining of Britain's steel manufacturing superiority by German and American competition, and the decline of the Royal Navy relative to the navies of France, Germany, Russia, and Italy all underscored the fragility of British imperial dominion. As Patrick Brantlinger puts it, “After the mid-Victorian years the British found it increasingly difficult to think of themselves as inevitably progressive; they began worrying instead about the degeneration of their institutions, their culture, their racial ‘stock’” (230).
The interaction between humanitarian non-governmental organisations and extractive industries: a perspective from Médecins Sans Frontières
Authors: Calain Philippe
Published: September 2013

This opinion note explores some aspects of the relationship between humanitarian non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and extractive industries. Médecins sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders, MSF) has endorsed a policy of non-engagement with the corporate sector of the extractive industries, particularly when it comes to financial donations. This is coherent with MSF being first and foremost a medical organisation, and one that adheres to the humanitarian principles of independence and neutrality. For humanitarian actors, the prospect of future environmental disasters and environmental conflicts calls for the anticipation of novel encounters, not only with environmental organisations but also with the extractive sector. Unlike environmental organisations, extractive industries are prone to generating or perpetuating different forms of violence, often putting extractive companies on a par with the parties to armed conflicts. In situations where a dialogue with extractive companies would be needed to optimise care and access to victims, humanitarian organisations should carefully weigh pragmatic considerations against the risk of being co-opted as medical providers of mitigation measures.
Genomic properties of Marine Group A bacteria indicate a role in the marine sulfur cycle
Authors: Wright Jody J , Mewis Keith , Hanson Niels W , Konwar Kishori M , Maas Kendra R , Hallam Steven J
Published: September 2013

Marine Group A (MGA) is a deeply branching and uncultivated phylum of bacteria. Although their functional roles remain elusive, MGA subgroups are particularly abundant and diverse in oxygen minimum zones and permanent or seasonally stratified anoxic basins, suggesting metabolic adaptation to oxygen-deficiency. Here, we expand a previous survey of MGA diversity in O2-deficient waters of the Northeast subarctic Pacific Ocean (NESAP) to include Saanich Inlet (SI), an anoxic fjord with seasonal O2 gradients and periodic sulfide accumulation. Phylogenetic analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene clone libraries recovered five previously described MGA subgroups and defined three novel subgroups (SHBH1141, SHBH391, and SHAN400) in SI. To discern the functional properties of MGA residing along gradients of O2 in the NESAP and SI, we identified and sequenced to completion 14 fosmids harboring MGA-associated 16S RNA genes from a collection of 46 fosmid libraries sourced from NESAP and SI waters. Comparative analysis of these fosmids, in addition to four publicly available MGA-associated large-insert DNA fragments from Hawaii Ocean Time-series and Monterey Bay, revealed widespread genomic differentiation proximal to the ribosomal RNA operon that did not consistently reflect subgroup partitioning patterns observed in 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Predicted protein-coding genes associated with adaptation to O2-deficiency and sulfur-based energy metabolism were detected on multiple fosmids, including polysulfide reductase (psrABC), implicated in dissimilatory polysulfide reduction to hydrogen sulfide and dissimilatory sulfur oxidation. These results posit a potential role for specific MGA subgroups in the marine sulfur cycle.
Reconstructing an ancestral genotype of two hexachlorocyclohexane-degrading Sphingobium species using metagenomic sequence data
Authors: Sangwan Naseer , Verma Helianthous , Kumar Roshan , Negi Vivek , Lax Simon , Khurana Paramjit , Khurana Jitendra P , Gilbert Jack A , Lal Rup
Published: September 2013

Over the last 60 years, the use of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) as a pesticide has resulted in the production of >4 million tons of HCH waste, which has been dumped in open sinks across the globe. Here, the combination of the genomes of two genetic subspecies (Sphingobium japonicum UT26 and Sphingobium indicum B90A; isolated from two discrete geographical locations, Japan and India, respectively) capable of degrading HCH, with metagenomic data from an HCH dumpsite (∼450 mg HCH per g soil), enabled the reconstruction and validation of the last-common ancestor (LCA) genotype. Mapping the LCA genotype (3128 genes) to the subspecies genomes demonstrated that >20% of the genes in each subspecies were absent in the LCA. This includes two enzymes from the ‘upper’ HCH degradation pathway, suggesting that the ancestor was unable to degrade HCH isomers, but descendants acquired lin genes by transposon-mediated lateral gene transfer. In addition, anthranilate and homogentisate degradation traits were found to be strain (selectively retained only by UT26) and environment (absent in the LCA and subspecies, but prevalent in the metagenome) specific, respectively. One draft secondary chromosome, two near complete plasmids and eight complete lin transposons were assembled from the metagenomic DNA. Collectively, these results reinforce the elastic nature of the genus Sphingobium, and describe the evolutionary acquisition mechanism of a xenobiotic degradation phenotype in response to environmental pollution. This also demonstrates for the first time the use of metagenomic data in ancestral genotype reconstruction, highlighting its potential to provide significant insight into the development of such phenotypes.
High-fat diet alters gut microbiota physiology in mice
Authors: Daniel Hannelore , Gholami Amin Moghaddas , Berry David , Desmarchelier Charles , Hahne Hannes , Loh Gunnar , Mondot Stanislas , Lepage Patricia , Rothballer Michael , Walker Alesia , Böhm Christoph , Wenning Mareike , Wagner Michael , Blaut Michael , Schmitt-Kopplin Philippe , Kuster Bernhard , Haller Dirk , Clavel Thomas
Published: September 2013

The intestinal microbiota is known to regulate host energy homeostasis and can be influenced by high-calorie diets. However, changes affecting the ecosystem at the functional level are still not well characterized. We measured shifts in cecal bacterial communities in mice fed a carbohydrate or high-fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks at the level of the following: (i) diversity and taxa distribution by high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing; (ii) bulk and single-cell chemical composition by Fourier-transform infrared- (FT-IR) and Raman micro-spectroscopy and (iii) metaproteome and metabolome via high-resolution mass spectrometry. High-fat diet caused shifts in the diversity of dominant gut bacteria and altered the proportion of Ruminococcaceae (decrease) and Rikenellaceae (increase). FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that the impact of the diet on cecal chemical fingerprints is greater than the impact of microbiota composition. Diet-driven changes in biochemical fingerprints of members of the Bacteroidales and Lachnospiraceae were also observed at the level of single cells, indicating that there were distinct differences in cellular composition of dominant phylotypes under different diets. Metaproteome and metabolome analyses based on the occurrence of 1760 bacterial proteins and 86 annotated metabolites revealed distinct HF diet-specific profiles. Alteration of hormonal and anti-microbial networks, bile acid and bilirubin metabolism and shifts towards amino acid and simple sugars metabolism were observed. We conclude that a HF diet markedly affects the gut bacterial ecosystem at the functional level.
Feeling the force: Returning haptic signals influence effort inference during motor coordination
Authors: Ganesh G. , Osu R. , Naito E.
Published: September 2013

Our brain is known to automatically optimize effort expenditure during motor coordination, such that for example, during bimanual braking of a bicycle, a well-oiled brake will automatically be used more than a corroded, heavy brake. But how does our brain infer the effort expenditure? All previous motor coordination models have believed that the effort in a task is known precisely to our brain, solely from the motor commands it generates. Here we show that this belief is incorrect. Through experiments and simulation we exhibit that in addition to the motor commands, the returning haptic signals play a crucial role in the inference of the effort during a force sharing task. Our results thus elucidate a previously unknown sensory-motor association that has major ramifications for our understanding of motor coordination and provides new insights into how sensory modifications due to ergonomics, stroke and disease can affect motor coordination in humans.
FGT-1 is the major glucose transporter in C. elegans and is central to aging pathways
Authors: Feng Ying , Williams Barnabas G. , Koumanov Françoise , Wolstenholme Adrian J. , Holman Geoffrey D.
Published: September 2013

Caenorhabditis elegans is widely used as a model for investigation of the relationships between aging, nutrient restriction and signalling via the DAF-2 (abnormal dauer formation 2) receptor for insulin-like peptides and AGE-1 [ageing alteration 1; orthologue of PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)], but the identity of the glucose transporters that may link these processes is unknown. We unexpectedly find that of the eight putative GLUT (glucose transporter)-like genes only the two splice variants of one gene have a glucose transport function in an oocyte expression system. We have named this gene fgt-1 (facilitated glucose transporter, isoform 1). We show that knockdown of fgt-1 RNA leads to loss of glucose transport and reduced glucose metabolism in wild-type worms. The FGT-1 glucose transporters of C. elegans thus play a key role in glucose energy supply to C. elegans. Importantly, knockdown of fgt-1 leads to an extension of lifespan equivalent, but not additive, to that observed in daf-2 and age-1 mutant worms. The results of the present study are consistent with DAF-2 and AGE-1 signalling stimulating glucose transport in C. elegans and this process being associated with the longevity phenotype in daf-2 and age-1 mutant worms. We propose that fgt-1 constitutes a common axis for the lifespan extending effects of nutrient restriction and reduced insulin-like peptide signalling.
Momentum transport and laminar friction in rough-wall duct flows
Authors: Maggiolo Dario , Manes Costantino , Marion Andrea
Published: September 2013

A large number of experiments and numerical simulations have proved that friction factors in laminar channel flows are roughness-dependent provided that the ratios between roughness and channel height (i.e., the relative roughness) exceed some threshold values. However, it is not yet clear what are the causes that lead to this anomalous behaviour. In order to shed light into this issue, this study presents results from two-dimensional Lattice-Boltzmann simulations of laminar flows in channels with rough walls. The Reynolds number, the geometry of the roughness elements and the relative roughness were varied extensively in order to provide a comprehensive set of data. The analysis and interpretation of the data were carried out within the framework of the Spatially Averaged Navier-Stokes equations, which are ideal to investigate momentum transfer mechanisms in flows over rough walls. The results show that for most of the investigated roughness geometries, the pressure gradient driving the flow is balanced by form-drag, viscous drag, and viscous shear stress whereas form-induced stresses remain largely negligible. Furthermore, it was observed that the higher the ratio between the drag acting upon the roughness elements and the total drag, the more friction factors deviate from classical theory. On the basis of these observations, we propose a formula, which predicts the shear stress partitioning and we discuss its relevance within the context of biomedical applications.
Particle-particle and quasiparticle random phase approximations: Connections to coupled cluster theory
Authors: Scuseria Gustavo E. , Henderson Thomas M. , Bulik Ireneusz W.
Published: September 2013

We establish a formal connection between the particle-particle (pp) random phase approximation (RPA) and the ladder channel of the coupled cluster doubles (CCD) equations. The relationship between RPA and CCD is best understood within a Bogoliubov quasiparticle (qp) RPA formalism. This work is a follow-up to our previous formal proof on the connection between particle-hole (ph) RPA and ring-CCD. Whereas RPA is a quasibosonic approximation, CC theory is a “correct bosonization” in the sense that the wavefunction and Hilbert space are exactly fermionic, yet the amplitude equations can be interpreted as adding different quasibosonic RPA channels together. Coupled cluster theory achieves this goal by interacting the ph (ring) and pp (ladder) diagrams via a third channel that we here call “crossed-ring” whose presence allows for full fermionic antisymmetry. Additionally, coupled cluster incorporates what we call “mosaic” terms which can be absorbed into defining a new effective one-body Hamiltonian. The inclusion of these mosaic terms seems to be quite important. The pp-RPA and qp-RPA equations are textbook material in nuclear structure physics but are largely unknown in quantum chemistry, where particle number fluctuations and Bogoliubov determinants are rarely used. We believe that the ideas and connections discussed in this paper may help design improved ways of incorporating RPA correlation into density functionals based on a CC perspective.
Automorphic correction of the hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebra E10
Authors: Kim Henry H. , Lee Kyu-Hwan
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we study automorphic correction of the hyperbolic Kac-Moody algebra E10, using the Borcherds product for O(10, 2) attached to a weakly holomorphic modular form of weight −4 for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$SL_2(\mathbb {Z})$\end{document}SL2(Z). We also clarify some aspects of automorphic correction for Lorentzian Kac-Moody algebras and give heuristic reasons for the expectation that every Lorentzian Kac-Moody algebra has an automorphic correction.
Asymptotically decreasing Lieb-Robinson velocity for a class of dissipative quantum dynamics
Authors: Descamps Benoît
Published: September 2013

We study the velocity of the propagation of information for a class of local dissipative quantum dynamics. This finite velocity is expressed by the so-called Lieb-Robinson bound. Besides the properties of the already studied dynamics, we consider an additional relation that expresses the propagation of certain subspaces. The previously derived bounds did not reflect the dissipative character of the dynamics and yielded the same result as for the reversible case. In this article, we show that for this class the velocity of propagation of information is time dependent and decays in time towards a smaller velocity. In some cases the velocity becomes zero. At the end of the article, the exponential clustering theorem of general frustration free local Markovian dynamics is revisited.
Temperature and voltage stress dependent dielectric relaxation process of the doped Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3 ceramics
Authors: Yan Shiguang , Mao Chaoliang , Wang Genshui , Yao Chunhua , Cao Fei , Dong Xianlin
Published: September 2013

The current decay characteristic in the time domain is studied in Y3+ and Mn2+ modified Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3 ceramics under different temperatures (25 °C–213 °C) and voltage stresses (0 V–800 V). The decay of the current is correlated with the overlapping of the relaxation process and leakage current. With respect to the inherent remarkable dielectric nonlinearity, a simple method through curve fitting is derived to differentiate these two currents. Two mechanisms of the relaxation process are proposed: a distribution of the potential barriers mode around room temperature and an electron injection mode at the elevated temperature of 110 °C.
Prevention of cartilage dehydration in imaging studies with a customized humidity chamber
Authors: Choo Ryan J. , Firminger Colin , Müller Ralph , Stok Kathryn S.
Published: September 2013

Quantitative three-dimensional imaging methods such as micro-computed tomography (μCT) allow for the rapid and comprehensive evaluation of cartilage and bone in animal models, which can be used for drug development and related research in arthritis. However, when imaging fresh cartilage tissue in air, a common problem is tissue dehydration which causes movement artifact in the resulting images. These artifacts distort scans and can render them unusable, leading to a considerable loss of time and effort with sample preparation and measurement. The sample itself is also irretrievably damaged by the dehydration, often unable to return to its full tissue thickness upon rehydration. Additionally, imaging with ionic contrast agents such as HexabrixTM must be performed in air, otherwise the agent will be washed out if immersed in a liquid. The first goal of this study was to design a customized humidity chamber to maintain cartilage hydration without the need for immersion. Following this, the use of the humidity chamber during a synchrotron radiation-μCT scan was validated and its performance evaluated. Results showed that the loss of fluid film volume is associated with scanning at low humidity (87%), and can be avoided using the humidity chamber. Coupling this technology with advances in synchrotron imaging (e.g., phase contrast imaging) or contrast agents is promising.
Response of a partial wall to an external perturbation of rotating plasma
Authors: Atanasiu C. V. , Zakharov L. E.
Published: September 2013

In this paper, we present the response of a 3D thin multiply connected wall to an external kink mode perturbation in axisymmetric tokamak configurations. To calculate the contribution of the plasma perturbed magnetic field in the vacuum region, we have made use of the concept of surface currents [following C. V. Atanasiu, A. H. Boozer, L. E. Zakharov, and A. A. Subbotin, Phys. Plasmas 6, 2781 (1999)]. The wall response is expressed in terms of a stream function of the wall surface currents, which are obtained by solving a diffusion type equation, taking into account the contribution of the wall currents themselves iteratively. The use of stream function makes the approach applicable for both well-studied earlier Resistive Wall Modes and for Wall Touching Kink Modes, which were discovered recently as a key phenomenon in disruptions [L. E. Zakharov, S. A. Galkin, and S. N. Gerasimov, Phys. Plasmas 19, 055703 (2012)]. New analytical expressions, suitable for numerical calculations of toroidal harmonics of the vacuum magnetic fields from the surface currents on axisymmetric shells, are derived.
Magnetic and transport properties of Co2Mn1−xCrxSi Heusler alloy thin films
Authors: Aftab M. , Hassnain Jaffari G. , Hasanain S. K. , Ali Abbas Turab , Ismat Shah S.
Published: September 2013

Magnetic, transport, and magnetotransport properties of Co2Mn1−xCrxSi (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) DC sputter grown thin films have been investigated. In films with x > 0.2 saturation magnetization values are seen to deviate from the Slater-Pauling rule due to the enhancement of Co-Cr antisite disorder. The increasing structural disorder eventually results in a sign change of the temperature coefficient of resistivity (at x > 0.6), while a resistivity minimum is observed for the metallic compositions. From resistivity measurements, we conclude that there is a phase transition from a half-metallic ferromagnetic phase to a normal ferromagnetic phase at T ∼ 68 K in composition with x ≤ 0.2. Both the onset temperature and the temperature range for half metallic phase were found to decrease with increasing x among the metallic compositions. Magnetotransport measurements performed on metallic compositions at temperatures below and above the resistivity minimum suggest the presence of both the metallic as well as semiconducting/localized states.
Contribution to the 1/f noise analysis in a bi-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Mouetsi Souheil , El Hdiy Abdelillah
Published: September 2013

The 1/f noise is investigated in an epitaxial AlGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure in the temperature range of [4–300 K]. The sample is biased at very low voltage to avoid velocity saturation at low temperature. Hooge parameters are determined at very low frequency assuming the absence of correlation between existing noise sources. These parameters are weakly fluctuating but do not show clear variation with temperature; αH varies in the range of 10−5 to 10−2, which are higher than theoretical values based on the mobility fluctuations. γ remains close to unity. αH and γ values suggest that the 1/f noise originates from the mobility fluctuation due to the lattice scattering, but the difference between theoretical and experimental αH suggests the existence of the noise originating from electron number fluctuations.
The effect of quantum confinement on tunneling field-effect transistors with high-κ gate dielectric
Authors: Padilla J. L. , Gámiz F. , Godoy A.
Published: September 2013

In this letter, we study the impact of quantum confinement in double gate tunneling field-effect transistors with different body thicknesses in the presence of high-κ gate dielectrics. Although better ON currents have been reported for these devices coming out from semiclassical simulations, the inclusion of quantum effects makes the formerly continuous conduction and valence bands become a discrete set of energy subbands, thus, increasing the effective bandgap, and consequently, reducing the current levels. If the high-κ dielectric layer covers both the source and the drain, the band energy structure at the tunneling junction is modified (tunneling widths are increased), hence resulting in performance degradation. An optimal configuration seeking to improve ON currents would require low permittivity dielectrics over S/D regions along with high-κ materials under the gates.
Adenovirus RIDα uncovers a novel pathway requiring ORP1L for lipid droplet formation independent of NPC1
Authors: Cianciola Nicholas L. , Greene Diane J. , Morton Richard E. , Carlin Cathleen R.
Published: September 2013

Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is caused by mutations in NPC1 or NPC2, which coordinate egress of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol from late endosomes. We previously reported that the adenovirus-encoded protein RIDα rescues the cholesterol storage phenotype in NPC1-mutant fibroblasts. We show here that RIDα reconstitutes deficient endosome-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transport, allowing excess LDL-cholesterol to be esterified by acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase and stored in lipid droplets (LDs) in NPC1-deficient cells. Furthermore, the RIDα pathway is regulated by the oxysterol-binding protein ORP1L. Studies have classified ORP1L as a sterol sensor involved in LE positioning downstream of GTP-Rab7. Our data, however, suggest that ORP1L may play a role in transport of LDL-cholesterol to a specific ER pool designated for LD formation. In contrast to NPC1, which is dispensable, the RIDα/ORP1L-dependent route requires functional NPC2. Although NPC1/NPC2 constitutes the major pathway, therapies that amplify minor egress routes for LDL-cholesterol could significantly improve clinical management of patients with loss-of-function NPC1 mutations. The molecular identity of putative alternative pathways, however, is poorly characterized. We propose RIDα as a model system for understanding physiological egress routes that use ORP1L to activate ER feedback responses involved in LD formation.
A variation of the fraction of stars that form in bound clusters within M83
Authors: Silva-Villa E. , Adamo A. , Bastian N.
Published: September 2013

Recent observations, as well as theoretical studies, have suggested that stellar cluster formation may depend on local and global environmental properties. In particular, the fraction of stars that form within long-lived bound clusters (Γ) may depend on environment, with indications that it may be higher in the more extreme environments of high star formation rate density galaxies. How Γ varies has important implications on the use of clusters to determine the star formation histories of galaxies as well as our understanding of the star formation process itself. Previous studies have estimated Γ over full galaxies, making it difficult to discern the physical cause of the reported variations. Here, we use existing star cluster catalogues and Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 V and I images of the grand design, face-on spiral galaxy M83 in order to see if and how Γ varies within a single galaxy. We find that Γ decreases strongly as a function of galactocentric radius, by a factor of ∼5 over the inner ∼6 kpc, in agreement with recent theoretical predictions and decreasing trends observed in the gas surface density of the galaxy.
Assessing the Resistance of Brachiaria Hybrids to Pathogenic Rhizoctonia
Authors: Alvarez Elizabeth , Latorre Michael , Bonilla Ximena , Miles John W.
Published: September 2013

Rhizoctonia foliar blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 1, is an economically important fungal disease found throughout the world. The fungus attacks numerous crops, including cereals, roots and tubers, legumes, and cruciferous, horticultural, and ornamental plants. In tropical America, this invasive and destructive disease also attacks most Brachiaria spp. used as forages in the ranching industry, especially in the production of cattle. Research to solve this constraint has been ongoing at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture and has generated new Brachiaria hybrids with excellent agronomic performance, tolerance to poor soils, and, particularly, high resistance to biotic factors such as Rhizoctonia foliar blight. These hybrids belong to lines obtained from Brachiaria humidicola, B. brizantha, and B. decumbens. To identify resistance among Brachiaria hybrid genotypes, the hybrid clones were evaluated for their variability in resistance, and their disease reaction was also determined and characterized. Results led to the identification of hybrids that not only were highly resistant to the blight but also had excellent agronomic characteristics.
Molecular epidemiology and serogroup 6 capsular gene evolution of pneumococcal carriage in a Japanese birth cohort study
Authors: Otsuka Taketo , Chang Bin , Wada Akihito , Okazaki Minoru
Published: September 2013

Antibiotic resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniaeis a major concern worldwide. However, it is unclear whether resistance is associated with only a few highly prevalent clones or numerous and diverse clones. We monitored 349 healthy children and obtained nasopharyngeal cultures at five time points coinciding with health check-ups (4, 7, 10, 18 and 36 months) between 2008 and 2012. A total of 497S. pneumoniaeisolates from 257 healthy children were characterized using capsular serotyping, multilocus sequence typing and antibiotic resistance genotyping (ermB,mefA/Eandpbpmutations). Among these isolates, 25 serotypes and 66 sequence types (STs) were found, including 24 new STs with 11 new alleles. Although resistance was present in a variety of ST clones, most of the clones (57/66, 86.4 %) had one specific resistant or susceptible genotype. Of 233 phenotypically penicillin-non-susceptible isolates, 196 (84.1 %) belonged to only six clones, comprising ST906B, ST23619F, ST24223F, ST37876A, ST143723Fand ST33823Aand their variants. We concluded that drug-resistantS. pneumoniaeis associated with a limited number of highly prevalent clones that are capable of adapting to the community setting. Furthermore, we analysed the capsular gene evolution in serogroup 6. The strain ST29246Dwas probably the result of recombination of a 3563 bp fragment of the capsule locus acquired by an ST29246Cstrain from an ST906Bor ST29246Bstrain. Compared with previous studies, our results showed a different recombination site (wciNandwzx) and a differentcpsprofile (8-7-11), indicating that serogroup 6 strains have multiple sites forcpsrecombination as a mechanism of vaccine escape.
Analysis of variable retroduplications in human populations suggests coupling of retrotransposition to cell division
Authors: Abyzov Alexej , Iskow Rebecca , Gokcumen Omer , Radke David W. , Balasubramanian Suganthi , Pei Baikang , Habegger Lukas ,   The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium, Lee Charles , Gerstein Mark
Published: September 2013

In primates and other animals, reverse transcription of mRNA followed by genomic integration creates retroduplications. Expressed retroduplications are either “retrogenes” coding for functioning proteins, or expressed “processed pseudogenes,” which can function as noncoding RNAs. To date, little is known about the variation in retroduplications in terms of their presence or absence across individuals in the human population. We have developed new methodologies that allow us to identify “novel” retroduplications (i.e., those not present in the reference genome), to find their insertion points, and to genotype them. Using these methods, we catalogued and analyzed 174 retroduplication variants in almost one thousand humans, which were sequenced as part of Phase 1 of The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium. The accuracy of our data set was corroborated by (1) multiple lines of sequencing evidence for retroduplication (e.g., depth of coverage in exons vs. introns), (2) experimental validation, and (3) the fact that we can reconstruct a correct phylogenetic tree of human subpopulations based solely on retroduplications. We also show that parent genes of retroduplication variants tend to be expressed at the M-to-G1 transition in the cell cycle and that M-to-G1 expressed genes have more copies of fixed retroduplications than genes expressed at other times. These findings suggest that cell division is coupled to retrotransposition and, perhaps, is even a requirement for it.
Derived variants at six genes explain nearly half of size reduction in dog breeds
Authors: Rimbault Maud , Beale Holly C. , Schoenebeck Jeffrey J. , Hoopes Barbara C. , Allen Jeremy J. , Kilroy-Glynn Paul , Wayne Robert K. , Sutter Nathan B. , Ostrander Elaine A.
Published: September 2013

Selective breeding of dogs by humans has generated extraordinary diversity in body size. A number of multibreed analyses have been undertaken to identify the genetic basis of this diversity. We analyzed four loci discovered in a previous genome-wide association study that used 60,968 SNPs to identify size-associated genomic intervals, which were too large to assign causative roles to genes. First, we performed fine-mapping to define critical intervals that included the candidate genes GHR, HMGA2, SMAD2, and STC2, identifying five highly associated markers at the four loci. We hypothesize that three of the variants are likely to be causative. We then genotyped each marker, together with previously reported size-associated variants in the IGF1 and IGF1R genes, on a panel of 500 domestic dogs from 93 breeds, and identified the ancestral allele by genotyping the same markers on 30 wild canids. We observed that the derived alleles at all markers correlated with reduced body size, and smaller dogs are more likely to carry derived alleles at multiple markers. However, breeds are not generally fixed at all markers; multiple combinations of genotypes are found within most breeds. Finally, we show that 46%–52.5% of the variance in body size of dog breeds can be explained by seven markers in proximity to exceptional candidate genes. Among breeds with standard weights <41 kg (90 lb), the genotypes accounted for 64.3% of variance in weight. This work advances our understanding of mammalian growth by describing genetic contributions to canine size determination in non-giant dog breeds.
Developing a teaching restaurant as an R&D&I environment
Authors: Tikkanen Irma , Vakkuri Miia
Published: September 2013

Purpose

– The aim of this paper is to explore how a teaching restaurant could be developed as an internal research (R), development (D) and innovation (I) environment based on the ideas of the students and the teachers.

Design/methodology/approach

– Theoretical framework is composed of constructivist pedagogy. The four types of internal environments, namely learning, development, research, and innovation are described. A case organization's pedagogical model of Learning by Developing is illustrated. Empirical data were collected by utilizing a sentence completion method from the students and the teachers at the case teaching restaurant.

Findings

– The empirical results illustrated that a teaching restaurant could be developed from the viewpoints of all four environments. However, the students and the teachers do not necessarily perceive a great difference between the aforementioned environments. Furthermore, the students identify more innovative research, development, and innovation (R&D&I) opportunities when compared to the teachers. The socio-cultural constructivist pedagogy was emphasized in the form of team work.

Practical implications

– When developing a teaching restaurant, both the students’ and teachers’ ideas could be collected. Also both cognitive and socio-cultural constructivist pedagogy proved applicable.

Originality/value

– A teaching restaurant offers possibilities for constructive learning, R&D&I which can be applied to skills, processes, and services for both individual students and students as team members.
Exploring “Meka's method” to achieve effective teaching and training outcomes
Authors: Rao M.S.
Published: September 2013

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore Meka's method – an innovative teaching and training tool to teach and train students and trainees effectively to achieve desired teaching and training takeaways.

Design/methodology/approach

– The methodology is gleaned from the author's 31 years of practical experience in industry, teaching, training, research and consultancy. It places emphasis on the need to take feedback from students through their body language and mould their teaching style accordingly during the teaching session to create a compatibility and chemistry with the students. It explains humor quotient and elaborates Just a minute (JAM) session. It enlightens 80:20 teaching based on Pareto's Principle.

Findings

– The paper unveils tools to inspire students and unfolds teaching techniques. It implores teachers to unlearn, relearn and learn to remain relevant and competent in the current context.

Research limitations/implications

– Qualitative/action research inevitably needs to be backed up by more formal research into the topic. This paper offers an agenda for action and further qualitative/quantitative research in teaching and training methodologies.

Practical implications

– The tool can be applied in teaching and training sessions. It enables improvement of training and teaching pedagogy. It is transferable wholly or partially to educational institutions and organizations.

Social implications

– This innovative teaching and training tool is essential for teachers and trainers to bring out the behavioral changes among the audiences and impact the society as a whole.

Originality/value

– The article offers a unique concept to add value to teaching and training so as to benefit students and participants with the help of a diagram.