bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic truths about illness experience: Idioms of distress around Alzheimer’s disease in Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Yahalom Jonathan
Published: May 2019

This article explores the pragmatic sensibilities that are implicit in idioms of distress among family caregivers for Alzheimer’s disease in Teotitlán del Valle, a rural Zapotec-speaking community in Oaxaca, Mexico. Through analysis of caregivers’ perceptions of progressive memory loss and related etiological understandings, this article emphasizes the pragmatism inherent to local health perspectives. In so doing, the article revisits Nichter’s earliest formulation of idioms of distress as providing an alternative epistemological framework to appreciate how illness is varyingly understood. Such a framework is useful for understanding how idioms of distress are not aimed towards attaining accuracy about what illness is in an objective sense, but rather put into focus how such descriptions are both constitutive of—and themselves pragmatic responses to—broader social circumstances. This article concludes with a consideration of how idioms of distress empower individuals as agents of action.
Lingering in an attitude of research: The critical potential of quotidien practices in early childhood education
Authors: Mitchelmore Suallyn
Published: May 2019

Examining the critical potential of everyday practices within early childhood spaces, this article builds on a growing body of pedagogical research that challenges researchers ‘to use theory to think with data’ and create new concepts that are born out of the possibilities of the theory–practice relationship. By aligning Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of immanence with the concept of ‘an attitude of research’, it is argued that an inherent quality of this concept is that it is shaped by the subjectivities, values and processes of children’s spaces. It is in the critical potential of one’s engagement with quotidien practices that the identity of an attitude of research is created. By identifying the aesthetic qualities that guide interactions, visibility is brought to the patterns of thinking that are contextual and therefore unique to an early childhood space. This article demonstrates that practice and an attitude of research constitute one another, creating a new theory – ‘research as lingering’ in the threshold of the everyday.
Effect of engine operating conditions on soot layer permeability and density in diesel particulate filters
Authors: Zöllner Christian , Haralampous Onoufrios , Brüggemann Dieter
Published: May 2019

Understanding the variation of soot deposit properties in diesel particulate filters is necessary for their real-life modeling and onboard control. In this study, the effect of exhaust mass flow rate and particle agglomerate size on the soot layer permeability and density was investigated experimentally and analyzed using a well-validated model. A bare and a coated diesel particulate filter were loaded at five different engine operating points, specially selected to explore these effects in a heavily used part of the diesel engine map. Particle emissions were characterized in terms of particle agglomerate size distribution and primary particle diameter, while soot layer permeability and density were estimated indirectly by fitting the model to the pressure drop recordings. To this end, an automatic calibration procedure was applied to obtain values in a consistent and repeatable manner. The results showed considerable variation in both permeability and density. Furthermore, some trends could be identified after depicting the particle characterization data and soot layer properties in contour plots. Increased permeability appeared at the engine operating point with high flow rate and large particle agglomerate size. Lower density was obtained at the operating points with large particle agglomerate diameter.
(Re)introducing embodied practical understanding to the sociology of sustainable consumption
Authors: Jacobsen Mette Hove , Hansen Anders Rhiger
Published: May 2019

In this article, we argue that the sociology of sustainable consumption has had a strong focus on practical understandings embedded in material entities and thereby also on the role of the material for the reproduction and change of sustainable consumption practices. Consequently, the role of social relations and practical understandings embodied in humans has been downplayed. We give two possible explanations to this rather one-sided focus; first, a general focus within social sciences on rethinking the role of the material in the wake of the cultural turn and second, engagement with science and technology studies. In this article, we use Bourdieu’s theoretical framework and his concept of habitus to (re)introduce embodied practical understandings to the sociology of sustainable consumption. By showing interconnections between the perspective focusing on practical understandings embodied in systems of dispositions and the perspective focusing on practical understandings embedded in systems of material entities, the article provides a basis for applying both perspectives to better understand the complexity of sustainable consumption practices and how they reproduce and change. Accordingly, we encourage more studies focusing on how sustainable consumption practices reproduce and transmit through social interaction.
Application of needle-free roller spinning technology in nanofibers
Authors: Shi Hao , Ning Pingfan , Niu Pingjuan , Lu Tianbo , Wang Shan
Published: May 2019

Although electrospinning is considered a powerful and generic tool for the preparation of nanofiber webs, several issues still need to be overcome for real-world applications. Most of these problems are caused by needle-based systems, where the key factor influencing successful electrospinning is limited by the low yield of nanofibers prepared by needle-type electrospinning and the balance between the electric field force and the surface tension of the droplets. In order to solve these two issues, we use the roller type electrospinning system to prepare nanofibers. The characteristic of the system is that the roller is made of glass, and the voltage is connected to the liquid bath and the auxiliary electrode is added. We demonstrate that needle-disk electrospinning produces nanofiber with super-high throughput of 15.9 g/h, which is 177 times higher than traditional electrospinning under similar spinning conditions. Not only does it increase productivity, but also it facilitates handling and cleaning work. In addition, the auxiliary electrode can optimize the electric field and reduce the edge effect of the collecting plate. This method should help expand the range of applications for electrospun nanofiber webs in the near future.
Intermittent Motivational Interviewing and Transdiagnostic CBT for Anxiety: A Case Study
Authors: Marker Isabella , Norton Peter J.
Published: May 2019

Recent meta-analytic findings have revealed that the addition of motivational interviewing (MI) to cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders improves treatment outcome. However, for the most part, previous research has limited MI as a prelude to CBT. This article explored the benefits and complications of a more integrated approach by adapting and examining an already established transdiagnostic CBT protocol to include intermittent MI strategies. The presented protocol is described and illustrated using a case study of a woman meeting criteria for four anxiety disorder diagnoses. This study presents session-by-session treatment accounts, as well as pre, post, and follow-up data. Results indicated clinically significant improvement, supporting the utility of intermittent MI strategies within CBT. Implementation recommendations and future research directions are discussed.
The Efficacy of a Compassion-Focused Therapy–Based Intervention in Reducing Psychopathic Traits and Disruptive Behavior: A Clinical Case Study With a Juvenile Detainee
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Diana , Rijo Daniel , Castilho Paula , Gilbert Paul
Published: May 2019

Conduct disorder (CD) is the most diagnosed psychopathological disorder in juvenile detainees. The presence of a CD diagnosis, especially when associated with psychopathic traits, contributes to a poor prognosis, high recidivism rates, and low responsivity to treatment in these youth. Although group intervention programs have proven to be effective in decreasing antisocial behavior, studies testing their efficacy in reducing psychopathic traits are scarce and limited. Moreover, there is a lack of research focused on the efficacy of individual treatment approaches specifically designed to reduce psychopathic traits and disruptive behavior in juvenile detainees. Compassion-focused therapy (CFT) shows promising results in the treatment of several psychopathological disorders. Besides, there is some theoretical support to consider CFT a suitable approach to treating juvenile detainees. However, there are no treatment programs based on CFT that are designed to target psychopathic traits and disruptive behavior in these youth. Consequently, treatment outcome research in this area is absent. This clinical case study presents the treatment of a juvenile detainee with CD, a high psychopathic profile, and a very high risk for criminal recidivism using the PSYCHOPATHY.COMP program (a 20-session individual CFT program), which was specially designed to reduce psychopathic traits and disruptive behavior. The treatment outcome data revealed a significant reduction in psychopathic traits and disruptive behavior. The treatment gains were maintained and/or increased over time (3 months after program completion). This clinical case study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of the PSYCHOPATHY.COMP program in reducing psychopathic traits and disruptive behavior in a juvenile detainee.
A novel pedestrian detection algorithm based on data fusion of face images
Authors: Zheng Jianhu , Peng Jinshuan
Published: May 2019

In order to facilitate effective crime prevention and to issue timely warnings for the sake of public security, it is important to pinpoint the accurate position of particular pedestrians in crowded areas. Face recognition is the most popular method to detect and track pedestrian movement. During the face recognition process, feature classification ability and reliability are determined by the feature extraction methods. The primary challenge for researchers is to obtain a stable result while the targeted face is subject to varying conditions—particularly of illumination. To address this issue, we propose a novel pedestrian detection algorithm with multisource face images, which involves a face recognition algorithm based on the conjugate orthonormalized partial least-squares regression analysis under a complex lighting environment. Statistical learning theory is a research specialization of machine learning, especially applicable to small samples. Building upon the theoretical principles used to solve small-sample statistical problems, a new hypothesis has been developed; using this concept, we integrate the conjugate orthonormalized partial least-squares regression with the revised support vector machine algorithm to undertake the solution of the facial recognition problem. The experimental result proves that our algorithm achieves better performance when compared with other state-of-the-art methodologies, both numerically and visually.
The Story of the Markham Car Collection: A Cross-Platform Panoramic Tour of Contested Heritage
Authors: Dawson Beata , Joseph Pauline , Champion Erik
Published: May 2019

In this article, we share our experiences of using digital technologies and various media to present historical narratives of a museum object collection aiming to provide an engaging experience on multiple platforms. Based on P. Joseph’s article, Dawson presented multiple interpretations and historical views of the Markham car collection across various platforms using multimedia resources. Through her creative production, she explored how to use cylindrical panoramas and rich media to offer new ways of telling the controversial story of the contested heritage of a museum’s veteran and vintage car collection. The production’s usability was investigated involving five experts before it was published online and the general users’ experience was investigated. In this article, we present an important component of findings which indicates that virtual panorama tours featuring multimedia elements could be successful in attracting new audiences and that using this type of storytelling technique can be effective in the museum sector. The storyteller panorama tour presented here may stimulate GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) professionals to think of new approaches, implement new strategies or services to engage their audiences more effectively. The research may ameliorate the education of future professionals as well.
Right Anterior Minithoracotomy for Aortic Valve Replacement: A Widely Applicable, Simple, and Stepwise Approach
Authors: Ribeiro Igo B. , Ruel Marc
Published: May 2019

Objective

A stepwise approach for right anterior minithoracotomy aortic valve replacement (RAT-AVR), without sutureless valves, special instruments, or preoperative imaging, was developed. We report our experience with this widely applicable, simplified approach.

Methods

Patients with a history of previous chest surgery, documented PVD, severe COPD, LVOT size <2.0 cm, and root size <2.8 cm were excluded. Chest CT was not mandatory. The stepwise surgical approach consists of 1) tolerability of single-lung ventilation; 2) 5-cm long incision on third right anterior ICS; 3) small pericardial opening to localize the aortic valve annular plane by digital palpation; 4) shingling of the correct rib to create a box field; 5) optimizing exposure with stay sutures; 6) femoral or central cannulation with right superior pulmonary vein venting and usual antegrade cardioplegia; 7) performing a standard AVR without adjunct instruments; and 8) reconstructing 1 costochondral cartilage.

Results

Fifty-five patients were operated. The mean age was 68.5 years (SD 10.4); 29.1% were female. Median STS PROM was 1.18 (0.4 to 6.6). Pump and cross-clamp times were 104.8 minutes (SD 27.9) and 73.2 minutes (SD 22.8), respectively. There was no need for a knot pusher. There was 1 conversion, 1 reopening for bleeding, and 1 pacemaker insertion. No patient had a stroke, MI, or death at 30 days. The median LOS was 6 days (3 to 19).

Conclusion

RAT-AVR can be applicable and performed safely in a wide range of patients by adopting a simple, stepwise approach with intraoperative assessment, without the need for special imaging, instrumentation, or advanced training.
Improving hygiene performance of microfiber synthetic leather base by mixing polyhydroxybutyrate nanofiber
Authors: Duo Yongchao , Qian Xiaoming , Zhao Baobao , Qian Yao , Xu Ping
Published: May 2019

Compared with natural leather, microfiber synthetic leather has many excellent properties such as chemical resistance and physical and mechanical properties. However, the preparation of high performance microfiber synthetic leather with excellent water vapor transmission rate, moisture absorption, and wearing comfort property still has a great challenge. The aim of this work was to improve moisture absorbent and transfer abilities by mixing polyhydroxybutyrate hydrophilic nanofibers in microfiber synthetic leather base. The effect of polyhydroxybutyrate nanofibers content on the structure and properties of microfiber synthetic leather base were investigated. The results indicated that polyhydroxybutyrate nanofibers with an average diameter of 0.40 μm were evenly distributed in all directions of microfiber synthetic leather base. As the nanofibers content increased from 0% to 20%, water contact angle decreased from 111.64° to 59.31°, resulting in 44% increase in water vapor transmission rate (from 3112.37 g/(m2 24 h) to 4350.53 g/(m2 24 h)) and 22.3% increase in moisture absorption (from 649.12% to 812.92%). Meanwhile, the addition of nanofibers made microfiber synthetic leather base dense, leading to 24.0% decrease in air permeability. In particular, the softness of microfiber synthetic leather base was increased by 42.18%. In addition, the tear strength was also significantly enhanced. Therefore, this study provided a viable method for preparing high performance microfiber synthetic leather base to use polyhydroxybutyrate nanofibers.
Clinical significance of tumor miR-21, miR-221, miR-143, and miR-106a as biomarkers in patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhao Hui , Yan Peng , Wang Jian , Zhang Yuqiang , Zhang Mingchao , Wang Zaijun , Fu Qiang , Liang Weiguo
Published: May 2019

Objective:

To investigate the expression of miR-21, miR-221, miR-143, and miR-106a in patients’ osteosarcoma samples, and to explore the correlation between these microRNAs (miRNAs) and the clinical stage of osteosarcoma.

Methods:

RNA was extracted from tumor and tumor-adjacent normal bone tissues from 94 patients with osteosarcoma. RNA reverse-transcription was carried out using an miRNA reverse transcription kit. The levels of miR-21, miR-221, miR-143, and miR-106a in osteosarcoma and normal bone tissues were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction using SYBR Premix Ex Taq™II.

Results:

The expression levels of miR-21, mirR-221, and miR-106a were significantly higher in 90.42%, 84.04%, and 92.55 % of the osteosarcoma samples compared to the adjacent normal tissues ( P<0.05), respectively. While the expression of miR-143 was significantly lower compared to the adjacent normal tissues ( P <0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of miR-21 and miR-221 were positively correlated with the Enneking clinical stage and the presence of lung metastasis ( P <0.05), while the expression levels of miR-143 and miR-106a showed a significant inverse and direct correlation respectively, with the tumor grade.

Conclusions:

The upregulation of miR-21, miR-221, and miR-106a, as well as the down-regulation of miR-143 were correlated with the pathological stage, tumor grade, and lung metastasis. Therefore, the levels of these miRNAs can serve as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of osteosarcoma, and can be used as potential therapeutic targets.
Fetal micromelia, thoracic dysplasia and polydactyly revisited: A case-based antenatal sonographic approach
Authors: Agarwal Arjit , Agarwal Shubhra
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Skeletal dysplasia is a condition associated with various abnormalities of the skeleton and comprises multiple groups of disorders. Antenatal ultrasonographic assessment of the skeletal dysplasia requires a robust and systematic assessment of the long bones, fetal thorax, skull, spine, pelvis, hands and the feet. Large number of diseases, their overlapping phenotypic features and the lack of systematic approach lead to diagnostic inefficiency. A precise molecular diagnosis also requires an elaborate antenatal sonographic assessment to reach a final diagnosis.

Case report

A fetus with micromelia, thoracic dysplasia and polydactyly was detected on prenatal sonography. An algorithmic approach of this rare combination on prenatal sonography is highlighted.

Discussion

Fetal micromelia is a relatively common entity which can be subclassified into mild and severe types. The lethal nature of the condition requires assessment of the thoracic biometry which may further narrow down the diagnostic possibilities. The red flags or highlighting features of various conditions like polydactyly, hitch-hiker thumb deformity, ovoid tibia and absent fibula may lead to a specific diagnosis.

Conclusion

A background knowledge of various types of micromelia, their lethal nature, associations and specific features of various differential skeletal dysplasia will always be useful, if employed in a systematic manner.
Efficacy and challenges of a culturally relevant intervention to improve attitudes to aging
Authors: Seah Siang Joo , Brown Laura JE , Bryant Christina
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

Attitudes to aging have been linked with important health outcomes. It is unclear whether interventions to improve attitudes to aging are effective across cultural contexts. This study investigated the efficacy of an intervention among women of either Australian or Chinese backgrounds.

Methods:

Among 96 women who provided baseline measures, 86 attended a single, 90-min group session on either healthy aging or healthy diet. Measures of three domains of attitudes to aging were collected at baseline, then immediately and 8 weeks after the intervention.

Results:

The intervention improved attitudes in the psychological growth domain, but not the physical change or psychosocial loss domains. Cultural identification did not moderate intervention efficacy.

Discussion:

The findings suggest that brief, culturally inclusive interventions may be partially effective at improving attitudes to aging. Furthermore, research is needed to investigate if the intervention would be more effective when baseline attitudes to aging are less positive.
Thrombolysis related symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in estimated versus measured body weight
Authors: Truc My Nguyen T , van de Stadt Stephanie IW , Groot Adrien E , Wermer Marieke JH , den Hertog Heleen M , Droste Hanneke M , van Zwet Erik W , van Schaik Sander M , Coutinho Jonathan M , Kruyt Nyika D
Published: May 2019

Background and aim

In acute ischemic stroke, under- or overestimation of body weight can lead to dosing errors of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator with consequent reduced efficacy or increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. Measurement of body weight is more accurate than estimation of body weight but potentially leads to longer door-to-needle times. Our aim was to assess if weight modality (estimation of body weight versus measurement of body weight) is associated with (i) symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rate, (ii) clinical outcome, and (iii) door-to-needle times.

Methods

Consecutive patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis between 2009 and 2016 from 14 hospitals were included. Baseline characteristics and outcome parameters were retrieved from medical records. We defined symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS)-III definition and clinical outcome was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale. The association of weight modality and outcome parameters was estimated with regression analyses.

Results

A total of 4801 patients were included. Five hospitals used measurement of body weight (n = 1753), six hospitals used estimation of body weight (n = 2325), and three hospitals (n = 723) changed from estimation of body weight to measurement of body weight during the study period. In 2048 of the patients (43%), measurement of body weight was used and in 2753 (57%), estimation of body weight. In the measurement of body weight group, an inbuilt weighing bed was used in 1094 patients (53%) and a patient lift scale in 954 patients (47%). In the estimation of body weight group, policy regarding estimation was similar. Estimation of body weight was not associated with increased symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage risk (adjusted odds ratio = 1.16; 95% confidence interval 0.83–1.62) or favorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio = 0.99; 95% confidence interval 0.82–1.21), but it was significantly associated with longer door-to-needle times compared to measurement of body weight using an inbuilt weighing bed (adjusted B = 3.57; 95% confidence interval 1.33–5.80) and shorter door-to-needle times compared to measurement of body weight using a patient lift scale (−3.96; 95% confidence interval −6.38 to −1.53).

Conclusion

We did not find evidence that weight modality (estimation of body weight versus measurement of body weight) to determine recombinant tissue plasminogen activator dose in intravenous thrombolysis eligible patients is associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or clinical outcome. We did find that estimation of body weight leads to longer door-to-needle times compared to measurement of body weight using an inbuilt weighing bed and to shorter door-to-needle times compared to measurement of body weight using a patient lift scale.
Parc de Ciutadella, a contested place of conflict and memory in Barcelona
Authors: Breen Colin
Published: May 2019

This study examines the process of remembering and unremembering around the physical monumentality associated with historic military control over the city of Barcelona and its surrounding region. In particular, it looks at the Parc de Ciutadella, Barcelona’s primary public park and green space, where a major fortification was built in the eighteenth century to pacify and control the city, following the siege of Barcelona in 1714 and the subsequent oppression of the Catalan region by the Bourbons. Deliberately destroyed in the nineteenth century, it was perceived at that time as a hated symbol of repression, a perception that has continued in the literature and through various interpretative schemes in the city’s heritage centres and museums. Memory around the site is contested and selective and has been deployed in the officially constructed narratives of separatism.
Structural brain signature of cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease: DTI-based evidence from the LANDSCAPE study
Authors: Gorges Martin , Müller Hans-Peter , Liepelt-Scarfone Inga , Storch Alexander , Dodel Richard ,   LANDSCAPE Consortium, Hilker-Roggendorf Rüdiger , Berg Daniela , Kunz Martin S. , Kalbe Elke , Baudrexel Simon , Kassubek Jan
Published: May 2019

Background:

The nonmotor symptom spectrum of Parkinson’s disease (PD) includes progressive cognitive decline mainly in late stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to map the patterns of altered structural connectivity of patients with PD with different cognitive profiles ranging from cognitively unimpaired to PD-associated dementia.

Methods:

Diffusion tensor imaging and neuropsychological data from the observational multicentre LANDSCAPE study were analyzed. A total of 134 patients with PD with normal cognitive function (56 PD-N), mild cognitive impairment (67 PD-MCI), and dementia (11 PD-D) as well as 72 healthy controls were subjected to whole-brain-based fractional anisotropy mapping and covariance analysis with cognitive performance measures.

Results:

Structural data indicated subtle changes in the corpus callosum and thalamic radiation in PD-N, whereas severe white matter impairment was observed in both PD-MCI and PD-D patients including anterior and inferior fronto-occipital, uncinate, insular cortices, superior longitudinal fasciculi, corona radiata, and the body of the corpus callosum. These regional alterations were demonstrated for PD-MCI and were more pronounced in PD-D. The pattern of involved regions was significantly correlated with the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) total score.

Conclusions:

The findings in PD-N suggest impaired cross-hemispherical white matter connectivity that can apparently be compensated for. More pronounced involvement of the corpus callosum as demonstrated for PD-MCI together with affection of fronto-parieto-temporal structural connectivity seems to lead to gradual disruption of cognition-related cortico-cortical networks and to be associated with the onset of overt cognitive deficits. The increase of regional white matter damage appears to be associated with the development of PD-associated dementia.
The dark side of religious individualism: A Marcusian exploration
Authors: Spickard James V
Published: May 2019

Sociologists of religion have recently focused on the growth of religious individualism in Western societies. Whether seen as a new religious trend or as a cultural correlate to the general weakening of civic organizations in the contemporary era, it is often presented as the growing tendency in religious life. It is also frequently presented in a positive light. This article explores a different alternative. Based on the work of Herbert Marcuse, it asks whether religious individualism heightens or undercuts the possibility of opposition to the status quo. Marcuse’s underlying argument implies that when religion becomes a lifestyle choice, it becomes just another consumer good—one that encourages a one-dimensional “happy consciousness” that lacks the depth to support true social critique. In this view, religious individualism undercuts human emancipation.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Temporary Epidemiology Field Assignee program: Supporting state and local preparedness in the wake of Ebola
Authors: Cáceres Victor M , Goodell Jessica , Shaffner Julie , Turner Alezandria , Jacobs-Wingo Jasmine , Koirala Samir , Molina Monica , Leidig Robynn , Celaya Martín , McGinnis Pilote Kara , Garrett-Cherry Tiana , Carney Jhetari , Johnson Kym , Daley W Randolph
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched the Temporary Epidemiology Field Assignee (TEFA) Program to help state and local jurisdictions respond to the risk of Ebola virus importation during the 2014–2016 Ebola Outbreak in West Africa. We describe steps taken to launch the 2-year program, its outcomes and lessons learned.

Methods:

State and local health departments submitted proposals for a TEFA to strengthen local capacity in four key public health preparedness areas: 1) epidemiology and surveillance, 2) health systems preparedness, 3) health communications, and 4) incident management. TEFAs and jurisdictions were selected through a competitive process. Descriptions of TEFA activities in their quarterly reports were reviewed to select illustrative examples for each preparedness area.

Results:

Eleven TEFAs began in the fall of 2015, assigned to 7 states, 2 cities, 1 county and the District of Columbia. TEFAs strengthened epidemiologic capacity, investigating routine and major outbreaks in addition to implementing event-based and syndromic surveillance systems. They supported improvements in health communications, strengthened healthcare coalitions, and enhanced collaboration between local epidemiology and emergency preparedness units. Several TEFAs deployed to United States territories for the 2016 Zika Outbreak response.

Conclusion:

TEFAs made important contributions to their jurisdictions’ preparedness. We believe the TEFA model can be a significant component of a national strategy for surging state and local capacity in future high-consequence events.
Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a young patient with antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: González-Cordero Ariel , Ruiz-Rodríguez Melissa , Ramos-Parra Bayoan , Carrillo-Vanas Juan , Mesa-Pabón Marcel , Franqui-Rivera Hilton
Published: May 2019

Acute coronary syndrome rarely occurs in young individuals and is seldomly associated with antiphospholipid syndrome. We report the case of a 26-year-old Hispanic man who presented with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and was treated with urgent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. He experienced stent thrombosis within 48 h of intervention and subsequently developed a left apical thrombus. Hypercoagulable state studies were obtained at admission and 12 weeks after the event establishing the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome.
Intestinal stones: A rare cause of bowel obstruction
Authors: de León Castorena Emilio , de León Castorena Miriam Daniela
Published: May 2019

Enterolithiasis or intestinal stones are uncommonly reported. Enterostasis is the cause of stone formation mainly secondary to tuberculous strictures. Although it is unusual, enteroliths can cause intestinal obstruction. We report a case of a mechanical partial intestinal obstruction in a patient with ulcerative colitis previously treated with total colectomy, with the rare diagnosis of multiple primary enterolithiasis.
Dispositional forgiveness and stress as primary correlates of executive functioning in adults
Authors: Crandall AliceAnn , Cheung Aaron , Miller Jacob R , Glade Rozalyn , Novilla Lynneth Kirsten
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the physical, social, and mental health correlates of executive functioning in adults. Our sample consisted of 250 adults aged 18–55 years who participated in a survey. Participants reported on their physical health behaviors, family closeness, and mental health. Using hierarchical linear regression, the final model explained 41 percent of executive functioning in adults. Dispositional forgiveness of situations, stress, and living in a single-family home were the only significant correlates of executive functioning. These results are useful for better understanding possible mechanisms through which to improve executive functioning in adults.
Distinct serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine and chemokine profiles in autoantibody-associated demyelinating diseases
Authors: Hofer Livia S , Mariotto Sara , Wurth Sebastian , Ferrari Sergio , Mancinelli Chiara R , Delogu Rachele , Monaco Salvatore , Gajofatto Alberto , Schwaiger Carmen , Rostasy Kevin , Deisenhammer Florian , Höftberger Romana , Berger Thomas , Reindl Markus
Published: May 2019

Background

Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system associated with autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 and myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein are mediated by different immunopathological mechanisms compared to multiple sclerosis.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokine profiles in patients with autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 or autoantibodies against myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein-associated demyelination compared to multiple sclerosis and autoimmune encephalitis.

Methods

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokine levels were analysed using Procartaplex Multiplex Immunoassays. First, we analysed a panel of 32 cytokines/chemokines in a discovery group (nine aquaporin-4-antibody seropositive, nine myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody seropositive, eight encephalitis, 10 multiple sclerosis). Significantly dysregulated cytokines/chemokines were validated in a second cohort (11 aquaporin-4-antibody seropositive, 18 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody seropositive, 18 encephalitis, 33 multiple sclerosis).

Results

We found 11 significantly altered cytokines/chemokines in cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples in the discovery group (a proliferation-inducing ligand, fractalkine=CX3CL1, growth-regulated oncogene-α, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-6, interleukin-8=CXCL8, interleukin-10, interleukin-21, interferon-ɣ-induced protein-10=CXCL10, monokine induced by interferon-ɣ=CXCL9, macrophage inflammatory protein-1ß=CCL4). Most of these cytokines/chemokines were up-regulated in autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 or autoantibodies against myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein positive patients compared to multiple sclerosis. We confirmed these results for cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 and serum interleukin-8, growth-regulated oncogene-α, a proliferation-inducing ligand and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β in the validation set. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis revealed increased levels of cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6, serum interleukin-8 and growth-regulated oncogene-α in most patients with autoantibody-associated neurological diseases.

Conclusion

This study suggests that distinctive cerebrospinal fluid and serum cytokine/chemokine profiles are associated with autoantibody-mediated demyelination, but not with multiple sclerosis.
Incidental News Exposure on Social Media: A Campaign Communication Mediation Approach
Authors: Yamamoto Masahiro , Morey Alyssa C.
Published: May 2019

This study, derived from campaign communication mediation models, examines how incidental news exposure on social media affects political participation. Analysis of two-wave panel data collected before the 2016 US presidential election shows that incidental news exposure on social media is associated with increases in offline and online political participation (1) through online political information seeking and (2) through online political information seeking and online political expression in serial. Interestingly, results show that incidental news exposure on social media also has a direct negative relationship with offline and online political participation. Implications for the political utility of social media are discussed.
Impact of Regional Cerebral Perfusion on Outcomes Among Neonates Undergoing Norwood Operation
Authors: Migally Karl , Rettiganti Mallikarjuna , Gossett Jeffrey M. , Reemtsen Brian , Gupta Punkaj
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

To evaluate the impact of regional cerebral perfusion (RCP) during heart operation on outcomes in neonates undergoing Norwood operation.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial data set. The adjusted effect of RCP use on each outcome was studied using a penalized logistic regression model with bootstrap validation.

Results:

Of 549 patients included in the study, 252 patients (45.9%) received RCP during their heart operation. In univariate comparisons, the majority of the baseline characteristics and preoperative risk factors were similar in the RCP and No RCP group. The total cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time and the total cross-clamp (CC) time were longer in the RCP group (RCP vs No RCP, median CPB time: 161 minutes vs 109 minutes; median CC time: 63 minutes vs 43 minutes). In adjusted models, the use of RCP was not associated with decreased mortality and/or need for heart transplant at hospital discharge (odds ratio [OR]: 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-1.25) or prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 0.62-2.28) or prolonged hospital length of stay (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.73-2.30). We demonstrated that use of RCP was associated with longer CPB times, increased use of ultrafiltration, and higher probability of open chest after Norwood operation.

Conclusions:

This study did not demonstrate any impact of RCP on in-hospital mortality and/or heart transplantation, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and prolonged hospital length of stay among neonates undergoing Norwood operation.
Transcatheter Closure of Moderate to Large Perimembranous Ventricular Septal Defects in Children Weighing 10 kilograms or less
Authors: Pillai Ajith Ananthakrishna , Rangasamy Sasinthar , Balasubramonian Vidhyakar Rangaswamy
Published: May 2019

Background:

Transcatheter device closure of ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an alternative to conventional surgical closure. Device closure of moderate to large perimembranous VSD (pmVSD) is considered technically challenging in smaller children weighing ≤10 kg. Very few studies are published on the outcomes of the same.

Methods:

Descriptive single-center retrospective study. Data of 49 children ≤10 kg with moderate to large pmVSDs taken up for transcatheter device closure in our institute were analyzed and their follow-up details were reviewed.

Results:

Of the 87 patients referred for VSD closure, 49 patients qualified for the inclusion criteria. Median age was 18 months (interquartile range: 13-22). Successful device deployment was achieved in 42 (85.7%) patients. Mean VSD size by transthoracic echocardiography was 5.98 mm (range: 4-12 mm). Mean waist size of the device used was 8.26 mm (range: 4-14 mm). There was one device embolization, requiring catheter-directed retrieval from the left ventricle and subsequent surgical referral for VSD closure. Minor complications such as device-related persistent new aortic regurgitation was noted in one patient and mild tricuspid regurgitation and transient heart block occurred in two patients each. There was no mortality or complete heart block requiring permanent pacemaker implantation immediately or during midterm follow-up (mean follow-up: 20 months; range: 6-72.5 months).

Conclusion:

Device closure of moderate to large pmVSDs in children weighing ≤10 kg is feasible and safe with a success rate of 85.7%. Careful selection of patients and avoidance of oversizing the defect makes the immediate and midterm results acceptable.
A Review of Field Experiments on the Effect of Forest Bathing on Anxiety and Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Farrow Marc R , Washburn Kyle
Published: May 2019

Many studies have explored the physiological and psychological benefits of the Japanese nature therapy practice of “shinrin-yoku,” known in the West as forest bathing. This review article has narrowed its focus to include the most recent literature about the beneficial effects of forest bathing on heart rate variability, expressed as an increase in InHF, indicating activation of the parasympathetic nervous system and also its effect on reducing anxiety.
Examining IRA Bots in the NFL Anthem Protest: Political Agendas and Practices of Digital Gatekeeping
Authors: Yan Grace , Pegoraro Ann , Watanabe Nicholas M.
Published: May 2019

With the understanding that the mass-participated mechanism of social media has led to an evolved lens of gatekeeping, this study incorporates the framework of digital gatekeeping to examine activities of Internet Research Agency (IRA) bots in the Twitter sphere of the National Football League anthem protest. To do so, the investigation employed data of IRA bots released from Clemson University. We conducted analysis by approaching bots’ gatekeeping activities from three perspectives: the overall behavioral patterns, the discourses and underpinning ideologies, and communicative tactics to sustain attention on Twitter. The results revealed that the majority of tweets came from the right trolls and left trolls. Meanwhile, the activity level of the bots displayed high sensitivity to emergent political events. Importantly, the two types of bots orchestrated a gatekeeping agenda that propelled antagonistic, hyperpartisan politics. The right-wing trolls’ tweets, in particular, propagated pro-White, malicious propaganda infiltrated with fake news. The results yield meaningful implications for digital gatekeeping, social media’s complex roles in knowledge production related to athlete protest, and sport’s engagement in broader political struggles in today’s mediated culture.
Heterogeneity of the Anxiety-Related Attention Bias: A Review and Working Model for Future Research
Authors: Dennis-Tiwary Tracy A. , Roy Amy Krain , Denefrio Samantha , Myruski Sarah
Published: May 2019

Anxiety-related attention bias (AB) has been studied for several decades as a clinically relevant output of the dynamic and complex threat-detection and -response system. Despite research enthusiasm for the construct of AB, current theories and measurement approaches cannot adequately account for the growing body of mixed, contradictory, and null findings. Drawing on clinical, neuroscience, and animal models, we argue that the apparent complexity and contradictions in the empirical literature can be attributed to the field’s failure to clearly conceptualize AB heterogeneity and the dearth of studies on AB that consider additional cognitive mechanisms in anxiety, particularly disruptions in threat-safety discrimination and cognitive control. We review existing research and propose a working model of AB heterogeneity, positing that AB may be best conceptualized as multiple subtypes of dysregulated processing of, and attention to, threat anchored in individual differences in threat-safety discrimination and cognitive control. We review evidence for this working model and discuss how it can be used to advance knowledge of AB mechanisms and inform personalized prevention and intervention approaches.
Increasing Burden of Youth Baseball Elbow Injuries in US Emergency Departments
Authors: Trofa David P. , Obana Kyle K. , Swindell Hasani W. , Shiu Brian , Noticewala Manish S. , Popkin Charles A. , Ahmad Christopher S.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Youth athletes are starting sports earlier and training harder. Intense, year-round demands are encouraging early sports specialization under the perception that it will improve the odds of future elite performance. Unfortunately, there is growing evidence that early specialization is associated with increased risk of injury and burnout. This is especially true of pediatric and adolescent baseball players.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze national injury trends of youth baseball players. We hypothesized that while the total number of baseball injuries diagnosed over the past decade would decrease, there would be an increase in adolescent elbow injuries seen nationally. A further hypothesis was that this trend would be significantly greater than other injuries to the upper extremity and major joints.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Injury data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, a United States Consumer Product Safety Commission database, were analyzed between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2016, for baseball players aged ≤18 years. Data were collected on the location of injury, diagnosis, and mechanism of injury.

Results:

Between 2006 and 2016, an estimated 665,133 baseball injuries occurred nationally. The mean age of the injured players was 11.5 years. The most common injuries diagnosed included contusions (26.8%), fractures (23.6%), and strains and sprains (18.7%). Among major joints, the ankle (25.6%) was most commonly injured, followed by the knee (21.3%), wrist (19.2%), elbow (17.7%), and shoulder (16.2%). The incidence of the ankle, knee, wrist, and shoulder injuries decreased over time, while only the incidence of elbow injuries increased. A linear regression analysis demonstrated that the increasing incidence of elbow injuries was statistically significant against the decreasing trend for all baseball injury diagnoses, as well as ankle, knee, wrist, hand, and finger injuries ( P < .05). Additionally, the only elbow injury mechanism that increased substantially over time was throwing.

Conclusion:

The current investigation found that while the incidence of baseball injuries sustained by youth players is decreasing, elbow pathology is becoming more prevalent and is more commonly being caused by throwing. Given that the majority of elbow injuries among adolescent baseball players are overuse injuries, these findings underscore the importance of developing strategies to continue to ensure the safety of these youth athletes.
Toward a More Complete Understanding of Writing Enjoyment: A Mixed Methods Study of Elementary Students
Authors: Zumbrunn Sharon , Marrs Sarah , Broda Michael , Ekholm Eric , DeBusk-Lane Morgan , Jackson Lisa
Published: May 2019

This mixed methods study explored elementary students’ (N = 263) writing enjoyment, their perceptions of teacher writing enjoyment, self-regulation, and grades. In the quantitative strand, we examined how student perceptions of teacher writing enjoyment and student writing enjoyment relate to student writing self-regulation and writing grades using structural equation modeling. Findings revealed a positive relationship among student-perceived teacher writing enjoyment, student writing enjoyment, and student writing self-regulation and grades. In the qualitative strand, we explored responses of students with high or low writing enjoyment ratings to understand aspects of the instructional environment that contribute to students’ affective experiences with writing. Much of what determines students’ enjoyment of or aversion to writing fell in to one of two categories, regardless of the degree to which they enjoy writing: writing preferences (e.g., topic/genre selection, writing environment) or mood and motivation (e.g., student mood at the time of writing, self-efficacy for writing).