bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yeast gDNA isolation v1
Authors: Sparrow is
Published: July 2024

This protocol is based on https://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2020/10/pdb.prot098152.full doi:10.1101/pdb.prot098152 The protocol details how to perform a small scale yeast gDNA isolation including a proteinase K incubation step to visualize linear cytoplasmic protein primed plasmids. This is used in combination with the system OrthoRep which relies on error prone replication of linear cytoplasmic plasmids. Rix, G., Watkins-Dulaney, E.J., Almhjell, P.J.et al.Scalable continuous evolution for the generation of diverse enzyme variants encompassing promiscuous activities.Nat Commun11, 5644 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19539-6
Synapto-iATPSnFR2-miRFP670nano3 analysis v1
Authors: C Kokotos Alexandros , Ryan Tim
Published: July 2024

This protocol describes how to analyze imaging experiments using Synapto-iATPSnFR2-miRFP670nano3 from primary neurons.
Climate Change-Trade Openness- Financial Depth Index-Economic Growth Nexus: A Study of G-20
Authors: Çakır Gündoğdu Burçin , Kahyaoğlu Hakan
Published: July 2024

This study examines the impact of climate change, which is seen as an environmental problem but has the power to affect the economic and financial structure, of trade openness, economic growth, and depth of financial markets in G-20 countries between 1980 and 2020. It has been concluded that the variables can be used as a policy tool in this context, where the development of trade openness and financial depth in the G-20 countries, which account for 80% of global trade, has the effect of reducing climate change by creating environmentally friendly economic growth. Panel Var and Holtz-Eakin, Newey, and Rosen GMM Estimator method were used in the study. In addition, it has been determined that action-response functions have an effect on the variables in the face of a shock to the carbon dioxide emission variable.
Türkiye’nin Seçilmiş Makro Finans Değişkenleri Üzerine Nedensellik Analizi: Yapay Sinir Ağları ve Doğrusal Nedensellik Yöntemleri
Authors: Özaydın Orhan
Published: July 2024

Türkiye'nin makro finans değişkenleri üzerine yapılan araştırmalarda, doğrusal ve doğrusal olmayan Granger nedensellik analizlerinin sıkça kullanıldığı gözlemlenmektedir. Finansal verilerin genellikle doğrusal olmayan yapıya sahip olması sebebiyle, çeşitli doğrusal olmayan nedensellik testleri geliştirilmiş ve uygulanmıştır. Son yıllarda ise yapay sinir ağları algoritmalarının bu testlerde kullanılmaya başlandığı ve finansal serilerde doğrusal olmayan nedensellik ilişkilerini ortaya çıkarmada etkili olduğu ve yapay sinir ağlarının finansal analizlerde etkili bir araç olabileceği vurgulanmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin seçilmiş makro finans değişkenleri olan Bist100, 5 yıllık kredi temerrüt takasları, 2 yıllık Tahvil ve USDTRY arasındaki nedensellik ilişkileri, günlük, haftalık ve aylık frekanslarda, doğrusal ve yapay sinir ağı Granger nedensellik modelleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Yapay sinir ağı modellerinin genel olarak daha kapsamlı ve anlamlı sonuçlar ürettiği bulgularda tespit edilmiştir. Yapay sinir ağlarının finansal piyasalardaki karmaşık nedensellik ilişkilerin anlaşılmasında etkili bir araç olduğu görülmektedir.
Computational Analysis of SiC Crystal Growth from Silicon Melt Diluted with Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Al, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sc. Part 1
Authors:   STR Group, Inc. – Soft-Impact, Ltd., Russia, Vorob’ev Andrei N. ,   Sci-Tech Center “Glass and Ceramics”, Ltd., Russia
Published: July 2024

The effect of various co-solvents on silicon carbide growth from solutions is sequentially analyzed within computational approach. The information related to the problem is collected from available literature and thoroughly treated. Boundary between liquid and solid state of solutions (liquidus line) is found from phase diagrams of 11 binary systems and is accounted for in calculating the carbon solubility at temperature and composition varying in a wide range. Thermophysical and transport properties are collected for preliminary estimation and comparison of growth rates. Their saturation with co-solvent percentage is predicted. Two-dimensional problem is set and first computations are demonstrated. It is shown that addition of lanthanum to the silicon melt gives a significantly higher growth rate than that of chromium.
Problems of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Natalenko S. A. , Orlova R. V. , Kutukova S. I. , Belyak N. P. , Malyshev S. M.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To investigate the methods of early diagnosis of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (PN).

Materials and methods. The study included 52 patients with diagnosis of metastatic colorectal cancer receiving 1st line polychemotherapy per the mFOLFOX6 scheme ± targeted therapy who prior to each cycle filled out the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (EORTC QLQ CIPN 20) and were subject to neurological examination using the Neuropathy Disability Scale (NDS).

Results. The analysis included 28 patients who completed polychemotherapy: 16 (57,2 %) men and 12 (42,8 %) women, mean age 60.0 ± 10.0 years. Fridman’s two-way analysis of variance by ranks showed significant changes in the scores (sensory, motor, autonomic) of the EORTC QLQ CIPN 20 questionnaire with the increase in the number of chemotherapy cycles (р = 0.001). Significant increase in the sensory and motor scores was observed after the 3rd cycle, in the autonomic – after the 6th cycle. Significant increase in NDS score was observed starting at the 3rd cycle, and vibration sensitivity on the medial ankle or at the base of the 1st toe significantly decreased after the 1stcycle. Median number of cycles at which oxaliplatin dose was reduced or the drug was discontinued due to clinically significant symptoms of PN irrespective of questionnaire results and neurological examination was 6.

Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions were made: 1) sensory scale of the 3-part EORTC QLQ CIPN 20 questionnaire (9 questions of 20) or motor scale (7 questions of 20), vibration sensitivity can be considered as stand-alone informative tests; 2) in a large patient cohort, NDS score increase to 5, EORTC QLQ CIPN 20 sensory scale score increase to 12 and higher or decreased vibration sensitivity on the medial ankle or at the base of the 1st toe to 4.5 arbitrary units should be considered early manifestations of PN; 3) for a routine algorithm, it is acceptable to consider a combination of 9 questions of the sensory or 7 questions of the motor scales of the EORTC QLQ CIPN 20 questionnaire and evaluation of vibration sensitivity on the medial ankle or at the base of the 1st toe to decide on oxaliplatin dose reduction or measures for prevention of peripheral neuropathy symptom worsening.
Glutoxim: new about known
Authors: Kogoniya L. M. , Orlova R. V.
Published: July 2024

The problem of supportive therapy in oncology is extremely important. At every step of specialized therapy, close attention should be paid to the quality of life of patients during treatment. Any drug used with the goal of improving patient’s quality of life is viewed by the clinicians with interest, especially if it’s a Russia-made drug which has recommended itself as effective for this goal.
Pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy. Literature review
Authors: Musaev I. E. , Grushina T. I. , Gusakova E. V. , Darenkov S. P. , Pronkin E. A. , Pinchuk I. S.
Published: July 2024

Pelvic floor muscles training is the main method of treatment for urinary incontinence in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy. For increasing the effectiveness of the method, the authors suggest starting the exercises before surgery and continuing them in the postoperative period. Other researchers modify the classic exercise program by adding exercises aimed at activating fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers, or combining with vibration therapy, electromyographic biofeedback. Pelvic floor muscles training in various combinations and modifications, as the literature review shows increases the effectiveness of recovery of urinary control function after radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer.
Feedback Loops in Machine Learning: A Study on the Interplay of Continuous Updating and Human Discrimination
Authors: Bauer Kevin ,   University of Mannheim, Heigl Rebecca , Hinz Oliver , Kosfeld Michael ,   Goethe University Frankfurt,   Goethe University Frankfurt,   Goethe University Frankfurt
Published: July 2024

Machine learning (ML) models often endogenously shape the data available for future updates. This is important because of their role in influencing human decisions, which then generate new data points for training. For instance, if an ML prediction results in the rejection of a loan application, the bank forgoes the opportunity to record the applicant’s actual creditworthiness, thereby impacting the availability of this data point for future model updates and potentially affecting the model’s performance. This paper delves into the relationship between the continuous updating of ML models and algorithmic discrimination in environments where predictions endogenously influence the creation of new training data. Using comprehensive simulations based on secondary empirical data, we examine the dynamic evolution of an ML model’s fairness and economic consequences in a setting that mirrors sequential interactions, such as loan approval decisions. Our findings indicate that continuous updating can help mitigate algorithmic discrimination and enhance economic efficiency over time. Importantly, we provide evidence that human decision makers in the loop who possess the authority to override ML predictions may impede the self-correction of discriminatory models and even induce initially unbiased models to become discriminatory with time. These findings underscore the complex sociotechnological nature of algorithmic discrimination and highlight the role that humans play in addressing it when ML models undergo continuous updating. Our results have important practical implications, especially considering the impending regulations mandating human involvement in ML-supported decision-making processes.
Power as “Present-in-Actions” in Mundane Information Systems Work
Authors: Simeonova Boyka ,   University of Leicester, Kelly Paul R. , Karanasios Stan , Galliers Robert D. ,   University of Essex,   University of Queensland,   Bentley University, USA / Warwick Business School, UK
Published: July 2024

The information systems (IS) field has not consistently dealt with the importance of power in theory, research, or practice, because of epistemological and theoretical challenges for studying power in IS. In responding to these issues, we develop an accessible “power-sensitive” framework, using the episodic/systemic view of power and an activity theory (AT) view of organizational practices. We draw on two cases of IS work. Case 1 focuses on information technology (IT) organizations in Bulgaria, and Case 2 focuses on a global development sector nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Thailand. While much of the IS literature emphasizes cutting-edge innovations, this paper highlights mundane yet widespread IS applications such as email and spreadsheets. We elaborate on lessons learned from the cases and develop a power-sensitive framework to support IS researchers and practitioners seeking to acknowledge power in different IS contexts. The paper has two main aims and contributions: to illustrate how power can be articulated using the episodic/systemic view and AT by providing a more dynamic perspective that goes beyond traditional views of power as possessive, hierarchical, and static, and to deploy the cases strategically as part of a broader call for more consideration of power in IS research, illustrating the important insights such a focus can provide. We argue against simply ignoring power or considering it as a “nuisance” in IS research. Instead, we argue that power is endemic to IS work and an integral aspect of everyday IS practices. We characterize this view of power as “present-in-actions” in IS.
Advances in the detection of explosives and chemical weapons: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sharma Palak , Dubey Atul Kumar
Published: July 2024

The persistent threat of explosives and chemical weapons necessitates continual advancements in detection technologies to ensure public safety and national security. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the field of explosive and chemical weapon detection. Emphasizing the interdisciplinary nature of this research, the paper covers a range of sensing technologies, including ion mobility spectrometry, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and biosensors.

The review explores the integration of nanotechnology to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of detection methods, alongside the application of advanced imaging technologies such as X-ray and Terahertz imaging for non-contact identification of concealed threats. Additionally, it delves into the utilization of biological sensing elements in biosensor platforms, employing enzymes and antibodies to detect specific chemical compounds. Standoff detection capabilities, crucial for ensuring the safety of personnel, are examined, and the paper discusses the ongoing developments in chemical forensics, aiming to determine the origin and composition of explosive or chemical materials. The challenges faced in this field, including the need for high sensitivity, adaptability to different environments, and the detection of emerging threats, are thoroughly addressed. The review concludes by outlining future directions, highlighting the importance of miniaturization, artificial intelligence, and global collaboration in shaping the next generation of detection technologies. This thorough analysis provides insights into current trends, obstacles, and potential solutions in the crucial field of explosives and chemical weapons detection, making it an invaluable tool for scholars, decision-makers, and security experts.
Exploring amended Indian laws in context of forensic medicine: A comprehensive review
Authors: Dixit Praveen , Kumari Mamta , Aravindan U , Chawla Hitesh
Published: July 2024

In sum, the adoption of the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bhatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam signifies a transformative milestone in post-independence India's legal evolution. By embracing indigenous wisdom, democratic values, and global insights, these legislations aspire to catalyze a more equitable, efficient, and accountable legal system, poised to meet the complex challenges of the 21st century. As forensic medicine continues to play an increasingly pivotal role in the Indian justice system, practitioners must remain abreast of these legal developments and uphold the highest standards of professionalism and integrity in their work.

The Indian legal system enacted in colonial era such as the Indian Penal Code of 1860, the Criminal Procedure Code of 1973, and the Indian Evidence Act of 1872 have long been under scrutiny for its relevance and adaptability to contemporary societal needs. In a historic move, the Indian Government has passed a comprehensive framework, replacing these older laws with the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), and Bhatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) effective from 1 July 2024, following Presidential approval on 25 December 2023. The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita seeks to revolutionize criminal laws by introducing modern principles of justice, equity, and efficiency. Complementing the Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, the Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita addresses the evolving challenges of national security and public safety. Furthermore, the Bhatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam introduces groundbreaking reforms in the law of evidence, reflecting a paradigm shift towards transparency, objectivity, and inclusivity.
Myocardial infarction as a cause of sudden death in healthy young adults- A post mortem study
Authors: Bora Nayana , Talukdar Leena , Barman Manoj
Published: July 2024

: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is death due to cardiovascular cause that occurs within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. Incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) has been steadily rising all over the world particularly in the urban population during last few decades.

: The present study is a retrospective hospital-based study carried for a period of one year from August 2022 to July 2023 in the Department of Pathology, Gauhati Medical College and hospital.

: The age group affected with sudden death is 24-46 years with mean age group being 35±11 years. The Male:Female ratio of sudden death is 3.6:1 Out of 48 cases, 12 were histologically confirmed as myocardial infarction due to coronary insufficiency.

: Autopsy investigation combined with genetic testing and family screening has a higher likelihood of identifying a possible cause of death among children and young adults who suffer a sudden cardiac death.
Eustrés y distrés: revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Saavedra Cristina
Published: July 2024

Los conceptos eustrés y distrés se introdujeron por primera vez en el año 1976 por parte del endrocrinólogo Hans Seyle y, a partir de este antecedente, varios autores comenzaron a diferenciar en sus investigaciones los dos constructos, atribuyéndoles características particulares y opuestas. El eustrés se denominó estrés positivo, mientras que al estrés negativo se le empezó a catalogar como distrés y se le asoció con consecuencias fisiológicas y psicológicas perjudiciales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue revisar trabajos científicos enfocados en el eustrés y el distrés, e identificar las fortalezas y debilidades de las investigaciones seleccionadas. Se hizo una revisión sistemática mediante una búsqueda exhaustiva en las bases digitales de GoogleAcadémico y Redalyc. Se analizaron 60 artículos y los resultados se integraron en tres categorías: instrumentos de medición, teoríasmodelos y hallazgos principales. Las evidencias demuestran avances significativos, principalmente en el área de la salud y la educación. Sin embargo, se hallan más evidencias en torno al distrés que en lo referente al constructo eustrés. Por último, como no se tomaron en cuenta otras bases de datos, se limitó el número de artículos científicos incluidos en la presente revisión.
Polish Adaptation and Validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children (PSWQ-C): Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity
Authors: Talik Elżbieta
Published: July 2024

This study presents the Polish version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children (PSWQ-C). The validation of the PSWQ-C in Poland was conducted through two studies. Study 1 examined the initial factor structure, internal consistency, and construct validity of the PSWQ-C in two samples of school students (N = 819) aged 8–19 years (M = 14.63, SD = 3.09). Study 2 involved 620 participants aged 8–19 years (M = 14.35, SD = 3.42). We conducted Confirmatory Factor Analysis to compare the initial factor structure with different models mentioned in the literature. The results suggest that the scale has good psychometric properties, including good reliability and acceptable validity. The factor structure that showed the best fit to the data consisted of one general worry factor and two method factors representing wording effects. This study is part of a broader discussion on the factor structure of the PSWQ-C. The results suggest that the questionnaire is homogeneous and measures one latent variable, worry, despite a bifactorial model being the best fit for the data. The two sub-factors do not have any psychological meaning (“non-worrying”), but are only an effect related to the positive or negative wording of the scale’s statements.
Driving cost efficiency through operational excellence and sustainability of SMEs in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Suriani Seri , Baharuddin Sitti Mujahida , Nur Indrayani , Abubakar Herminawaty , Abustan
Published: July 2024

This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the cost efficiency and operational excellence of SMEs in Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. This research also aims to examine the direct and indirect influence of the cost efficiency and operational excellence on increasing SME productivity. Formulate a model for cost efficiency, acceleration, and sustainability of SMEs in Barru Regency. This research uses a qualitative-quantitative concurrent triangulation approach. Data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, surveys, and documentation involving 219 respondents, and quantitative data was analyzed using SMART PLS. The research results show that the factors that influence cost efficiency and operational excellence in SMEs are technology, quality improvement, operational resilience and continuity, and operational targets. Reviewing raw material costs and direct labor costs for SMEs can achieve cost efficiency. Cost efficiency will increase the competitive advantage of SMEs. Apart from that, there is a direct influence of 63.8% and an indirect influence of 84.8% on cost efficiency and operational excellence on the sustainability of SMEs, indirectly increasing productivity in aspects of product quality, production continuity, and operational targets will accelerate SMEs in Barru Regency. The study concluded that cost efficiency drives SMEs acceleration by fostering operational excellence, which in turn promotes SME sustainability.
Curriculum of music education for the basic educational stage in Jordan and Singapore: A comparative analytical study in light of the twenty-first century skills
Authors: Hammad Mohammad , Al-Sharqawi Subhi , Al-Dajeh Hesham
Published: July 2024

The study's objectives were to compare and contrast the levels of incorporating 21st -century skills into   the music curriculum for the basic educational stage in Jordan and Singapore.  The study employed the analytical descriptive approach and the comparison approach as a methodology and it used a content analysis that included 13 skills and 52 indicators for data collection, the general framework and general and specific outcomes of the music education curricula for the first six basic grades in Jordan and Singapore which made up the study sample. The results demonstrated that the general structure and learning objectives of Singapore's music education curriculum were highly inclusive of twenty-first century skills except for the skill of media literacy. Communication skills were given a high degree of inclusion in the Jordanian music education curriculum whereas four other skills had medium levels of inclusion and eight had low levels. Comparisons between the two curricula were made to properly understand the results that led to Singapore's music education curriculum being extremely inclusive of abilities essential to the twenty-first century. The study recommends increasing the inclusion of media literacy skills in the music education curriculum of both countries  and  increasing the inclusion of critical thinking and problem-solving, innovation, creativity, communication, collaboration, leadership and responsibility, flexibility and adaptability, productivity and accountability, information literacy, information communications and technology literacy, social and cross-cultural, and initiative and self-direction skills in the Jordanian curriculum.
Exploring the effect of inclusive leadership on psychological distress through organizational climate mediation and moderation
Authors: Rajun Ibnis Shaid Bin Abdul , Singh Soon Singh Bikar , Taat Muhamad Suhaimi , Mosin Musirin Bin
Published: July 2024

A new leadership approach called inclusive leadership has emerged in response to today's crises and disasters used by different organizations.  Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of inclusive leadership and organizational climate in reducing the widespread prevalence of this symptom among 423 secondary school teachers. Field research data collection was manually analysed using the International Business Machine-Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) with moment structure (AMOS) analysis and Jamovi software. The results of the inclusive leadership study are significantly related to organizational climate. The organizational climate is significantly and inversely related to psychological distress. The relationship between inclusive leadership and psychological distress was found to be positive but not significant. Nevertheless, organizational climate fully mediates the relationship between inclusive leadership and psychological distress. However, organizational climate has partially moderated the relationship between inclusive leadership and psychological distress. The study is beneficial to organizational leaders especially the ministry of education and school principals who face diverse secondary school teachers. Finally, it contributes to the development of leadership, management and psychology.
Bolstering the impact of job crafting on the satisfaction of health professionals in Nigeria
Authors: Izegbuwa Tongo Nancy , Adenike Adeniji Anthonia , Paul Salau Odunayo , Oluwafunmilayo Onayemi Oluwakemi , Oluwaseun Oladotun Abimbola
Published: July 2024

This study aimed at investigating the impact of job crafting (cognitive, task, and relational crafting) on the satisfaction of healthcare workers in public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. The study utilised data gathered from 725 public healthcare workers in public hospitals using a well-structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaire as the research instrument. The study employed mixed method of data collection, comprising purposive, stratified, and convenience methods of data collection. The research tools employed include Cronbach's Alpha Analysis, Explanatory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. Findings revealed that job crafting significantly impacted the satisfaction of healthcare workers, with relational crafting having the highest significant impact, followed by cognitive and task crafting. The study concluded that job crafting significantly impacts healthcare workers’ satisfaction and, however, recommends that positive workplace culture be encouraged; emphasis should be placed on encouraging things like work-life balance, inspiring leadership, transparent communication, and employee appreciation, and a good and positive work environment be provided for the healthcare workers to maximise their full potential.
Effects of Chitosan as a Novel Obturation Material for Pulpectomized Teeth on Periapical Inflammation, Periodontal Ligament Widening, and Hard Tissue Resorption: A Preliminary Exploratory Study on Dogs
Authors: Basir Leila , Babashahi Elahe , Razavi Seyed Mohammad , Manshaei Maziar , Rakhshan Vahid
Published: July 2024

Objectives: This preliminary animal study was conducted to assess the effects of chitosan as a novel obturation material for pulpectomized teeth on periapical inflammation, periodontal ligament (PDL) widening, and hard tissue resorption.
Materials and Methods: Forty premolar root canals in two mature dogs were obturated with zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and an experimental 3% chitosan paste (n=20 in each group). The teeth were then restored with amalgam. After 28 days, the dogs were sacrificed, and histopathological assessment was performed. The amount of resorbed obturation material, degree of inflammatory response, degree of PDL widening, and the number of bone/cementum/dentin resorption defects were recorded under ×40 and ×200 magnifications. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Fisher’s exact test (α=0.05).
Results: Bone, cementum, and dentin resorption were seen in 6, 10, and 1 chitosan-obturated canals and 14, 15, and 0 ZOE-obturated canals, respectively. Only the bone resorption defects were significantly fewer in the chitosan group (P=0.026). Mild, moderate, and severe inflammation were observed in 17, 3, and 0 chitosan-obturated canals, and 7, 9, and 4 ZOE-filled canals, respectively (P=0.004). Mild, moderate, and severe PDL widening were seen around 15, 5, and 0 chitosan-filled canals and 7, 12, and 1 ZOE-filled canals, respectively (P=0.025).
Conclusion: The 3% chitosan was superior to ZOE in terms of causing less inflammation and PDL widening. It also decreased bone resorption and acted similar to ZOE in terms of dentin and cementum resorption.
Effect of Induced Myopia on the Vestibulo-ocular Reflex Evaluated by Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential
Authors: Mazloom Mahdi , Heravian Shandiz Javad , Jafarzadeh Sadegh , Jamali Jamshid , Momeni-Moghaddam Hamed
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The possible effects of refractive errors on vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) has been a conflicting issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of induced myopia on VOR using the ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (oVEMP).
Methods: In this cross-sectional quasi-experimental study, 35 emmetropic and normal subjects with the mean age of 23.89 ± 3.93 (range, 20–40 years) without any ocular, nervous system, and vestibular disorders, underwent the oVEMP test in the comprehensive rehabilitation center of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. The oVEMP was performed under five different conditions of testing binocularly, monocularly, and when myopia was induced with the use of spherical lenses of +1.00, +3.00, and +5.00 diopters, respectively. There were 2 to 5 min of rest with closed eyes after each condition to avoid adaptation, fatigue, and any other sources of bias. Mean latencies of oVEMP waves (N1 and P1) and amplitudes of N1–P1 complex were measured.
Results: There was no significant difference between the right and left sides (P > 0.05). The induced myopia significantly increased the N1 and P1 latencies using lenses of +1.00, +3.00, and +5.00 diopters but the amplitudes of N1–P1 complex were not influenced by the different amounts of induced myopia. There was no significant difference among the different conditions of induced myopia either (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Induced myopia could affect the VOR due to prolonging the latencies of oVEMP waves. However, the amplitudes were not affected and the effects of multiple degrees of induced myopia were not significantly different.
Visual and Ocular Characteristics of Anisometropic Children
Authors: Rajavi Zhale , Behradfar Narges , Sharahi Dizabadi Marzieh , Kheiri Bahareh , Sheibani Kourosh , Sabbaghi Hamideh
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To compare the demographic and ocular characteristics of patients with low and high levels of anisometropia compared with non-anisometropic individuals.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1803 individuals (age range, 1 to 30 years) examined at strabismus clinics between January 2019 and December 2020. Of these, 203 subjects had anisometropia (11.2%); 66 cases were excluded due to the history of prior ocular surgery except from strabismus surgery. Finally, data from 137 subjects were analyzed. Spherical or cylindrical differences of 1.50 or 3.00D between the two eyes were defined as low or high anisometropia, respectively, and isometropic subjects (n = 1600) served as controls.
Results: No significant difference was observed between cases and controls regarding age (10.25 ± 8.41 vs. 9.2 ± 1.7 years; P = 0.133) and sex (P = 0.051). History of ocular surgery was present in 33% of anisometropic patients versus 0.8 % of isometropic cases. The rate of amblyopia was 83% and 2.3% in anisometropic and non-anisometropic groups, respectively. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was comparable in amblyopic eyes in both study groups, while BCVA of nonamblyopic eyes of non-anisometropic subjects was better (non-anisometropic: 0.01 ± 0.01 vs. anisometropic: 0.06 ± 0.17 LogMAR; P = 0.001). Eye deviation was significantly more prevalent among anisometropic patients (36.5% vs. 3.25%, P < 0.001) and exotropia was the common type of deviation. Anisohyperopia and anisomyopia were the most common refractive errors under low and high anisometropia categories, respectively. Simultaneous manifestation of amblyopia and strabismus were observed in 30.6% of anisometropic cases, while only 0.7% of subjects with isometropia had a similar status (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: High rates of amblyopia and strabismus in anisometropic subjects, especially with higher degrees of anomaly, indicate the necessity of early visual acuity and refractive error screening to improve detection and enhance the outcomes of treatment.
Clinical Validation of a Handheld Deep Learning Tool for Identification of Glaucoma Medications
Authors: Yang Christopher , Wang Jasmine , Verniani Ludovico , Ghalehei Melika , Chen Lauren , Lin Ken
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To validate a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based smartphone application for the identification of glaucoma eye drop medications in patients with normal and impaired vision.
Methods: Sixty-eight patients with visual acuity (VA) of 20/70 or worse in at least one eye who presented to an academic glaucoma clinic from January 2021 through August 2022 were included. Non-English-speaking patients were excluded. Enrolled subjects participated in an activity in which they identified a predetermined and preordered set of six topical glaucoma medications, first without the CNN and then with the CNN for a total of six sequential measurements per subject. Responses to a standardized survey were collected during and after the activity. Primary quantitative outcomes were medication identification accuracy and time. Primary qualitative outcomes were subjective ratings of ease of smartphone application use.
Results: Topical glaucoma medication identification accuracy (OR = 12.005, P < 0.001) and time (OR = 0.007, P < 0.001) both independently improved with CNN use. CNN use significantly improved medication accuracy in patients with glaucoma (OR = 4.771, P = 0.036) or VA ≤ 20/70 in at least one eye (OR = 4.463, P = 0.013) and medication identification time in patients with glaucoma (OR = 0.065, P = 0.017). CNN use had a significant positive association with subjectreported ease of medication identification (X2(1) = 66.117, P < 0.001).
Conclusion: Our CNN-based smartphone application is efficacious at improving glaucoma eye drop identification accuracy and time. This tool can be used in the outpatient setting to avert preventable vision loss by improving medication adherence in patients with glaucoma.
Editorial – The Mystification of Multifocal IOLs Needs Unfolding
Authors: Zarei-Ghanavati Mehran , Liu Christopher
Published: July 2024

This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article in HTML.
Presentation of Adult-onset Asthma and Periocular Xanthogranuloma with Intermediate Uveitis and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Fekri Sahba , Rikhtehgar Mohamad Hasan , Bagheri Abbas , Veisi Amirreza , Akhavan Azari Amir
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To report a case of adult-onset asthma and periocular xanthogranuloma (AAPOX) in a patient with intermediate uveitis and a history of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL).
Case Report: A 51-year-old man with a past medical history of HL presented with blurred vision, asthma, and bilateral yellowish eyelid lesions. The eyelid lesions and asthma appeared 10 years after being diagnosed with HL. Physical examination was significant for multiple subcutaneous and firm eyelid masses in addition to the presence of pre-auricular and submandibular lymphadenopathies. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral intermediate uveitis and mild macular edema. Further systemic evaluations, including laboratory testing and imaging, were normal. Excisional biopsy of the eyelid lesions was performed and the histopathologic examination was consistent with the diagnosis of AAPOX.
Conclusion: The presence of AAPOX in a patient with intermediate uveitis and history of HL suggests that immunological dysfunction may play a role in the pathogenesis of adult orbital xanthogranulomatous disease.
Evaluation of the Adherence to the Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Guidelines before Cardiac Surgeries in a Specialized University Hospital: A Unicenter Cross-Sectional Study from Iran
Authors: Mirasi Niloufar Sadat , Dianatkhah Mehrnoush , Hosseini Alireza , Soltani Rasoul , Keshavarz Azadeh , Boroumandpour Sepehr
Published: July 2024

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common reason for patient readmission after surgery. Because most cases of surgical site infection are preventable with antimicrobial prophylaxis, adherence to appropriate guidelines is critical. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to guideline recommendations for antimicrobial prophylaxis of surgical site infections at Shahid Chamran Heart Hospital, Isfahan, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted using prospective data collected from December 2021 to June 2022 in the cardiac surgery ward of Chamran Hospital. Adherence to "Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery (2013)" was assessed using data from patient records regarding the type, dosage, timing, and duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Results: A total of 363 patients were included in this study. The compliance rate with the guideline in terms of the type, dosing, initiation time, redosing and duration of the antimicrobial agent was 99.72%, 1.6%, 98.8%, 29.28%, and 0% respectively.
Conclusion: The present study revealed relatively low adherence to the guidelines in terms of dosing, re-dosing and duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis at Chamran Heart Hospital. Based on the results, developing a local guideline is highly recommended.
Herbal Remedies Effective on Treating Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Chaudhary Aditi , Kumar Ravi , Barti Hema
Published: July 2024

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) poses a significant challenge in the realm of respiratory diseases, characterized by progressive lung scarring and compromised breathing function. While conventional medical interventions provide some relief, the exploration of complementary therapies has gained traction, and herbal remedies stand out as a promising avenue. This abstract delves into the efficacy of numerous herbal remedies in the treatment of IPF, shedding light on their potential impact on disease progression and symptom management. Turmeric, derived from Curcuma longa, emerges as a golden healer due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, with curcumin exhibiting promise in mitigating lung inflammation and fibrosis. Boswellia serrata, or Indian frankincense, demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects through boswellic acids, suggesting its potential role in suppressing pathways leading to fibrosis. Gingko biloba, renowned for enhancing blood circulation, may contribute to improved oxygenation in individuals with IPF, offering support for compromised lung function. Licorice root, with its anti-inflammatory and expectorant qualities, presents a potential ally in soothing inflammation associated with IPF. Green tea, rich in antioxidants like catechins, shows promise in protecting lung tissues from oxidative stress and inflammation. This abstract emphasizes the importance of caution in integrating herbal remedies, particularly licorice root, and encourages consultation with healthcare professionals to ensure safety, especially in individuals with pre-existing conditions like high blood pressure. In conclusion, the integration of herbal remedies into the treatment paradigm for IPF presents a holistic approach to addressing the complexities of this debilitating condition. As ongoing research explores the mechanisms and efficacy of these herbal interventions, the potential for natural remedies to play a crucial role in managing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis continues to offer hope for improved patient outcomes.
Adverse Drug Reactions: A Retrospective Analysis from the ADR Monitoring Centre at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: MukadamMukadam Fehmi M. , Gawali Ujwala P.
Published: July 2024

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) present significant challenges in healthcare, necessitating vigilant monitoring and analysis to enhance medication safety protocols. This retrospective study aimed to analyse ADRs reported at an Adverse Drug Reactions Monitoring Centre (AMC) to understand prevalence, patterns, and characteristics of ADRs.
Methods: Retrospective data from January to December 2023 were collected from the AMC at Vaishampayan Memorial Medical College, Solapur. A total of 282 ADR reports were analysed for frequency, severity, implicated medications, patient demographics, and associated clinical factors. Causality assessment was performed using the WHO- Uppsala Monitoring Centre scale.
Results: The majority of ADRs were associated with the oral route of drug administration (79.43%), and most were categorized as minor severity (68.44%) and probable causality (91.84%). Common ADR symptoms included vomiting (9.55%) and rash (9.22%). Antimicrobial agents were the most suspected drugs causing ADRs (17.38%). The study revealed discrepancies in ADR reporting patterns and highlighted the importance of pharmacovigilance in capturing and addressing ADR occurrences.
Conclusion: Our study provides valuable insights into the prevalence, patterns, and characteristics of ADRs, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and reporting to promote patient safety and improve healthcare outcomes. Strategies to improve ADR reporting and enhance medication safety protocols are warranted to optimize patient care.
The Role of Surgical Androgen Deprivation in the Treatment of Patients With Urine Retention Due to Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ibrahim Adil , Osman Adam Osman Fawaz , Egail Siddig , Fadl-Elmula Imad
Published: July 2024

Background: Surgical androgen deprivation (SAD) and temporary urethral catheterization remain the most suitable therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer (PC). This study aimed to assess the suitable interval duration for voiding trial without a catheter (TWOC) after SAD and to correlate the Gleason score, prostate volume, and PSA level with the free-catheter voiding success.
Methods: A total of 62 patients with urine retention due to PC were included in this study. PSA, pelvic ultrasound, and Gleason score were done prior to SAD as baseline measurements and repeated four weeks after surgery. Initial two-week voiding TWOC was done for all patients and repeated after two weeks for patients who failed the initial voiding TWOC.
Results: The results showed that 34 (54.8%) patients had Gleason score >7, 21 (33.9%) had a score of 7, and 7 (11.3%) had a score <7. Following SAD, the mean prostate size reduction was seen in 36 (58%) patients, whereas PSA ranged between 0.87 and 38 ng/ml with a mean reduction level of 10.9 ng/ml. All patients with Gleason ≤7 could void free one month after SAD. Five patients with Gleason >7 failed to void free and needed TURP tunneling. In summary, 39 (62%) were void-free after two weeks, 18 (29%) after one month, and the remaining 5 (8.1) required tunneling TURP.
Conclusion: The initial TWOC should start two weeks after SAD and followed by a second voiding TWOC two weeks later. Those who fail the second voiding TWOC usually have high Gleason scores, and tunneling TURP may be the best option to treat such patients.
Effects of Cognitive and Emotional Impairment Management Bundle among Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Control Double-blinded Trial
Authors: M L Sarika , Das Sasmita , Behera Suresh Kumar , Biswal Swarupa
Published: July 2024

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the major non-communicable disease causing increased mortality and morbidity worldwide. Among cardiovascular diseases, coronary artery disease is one of the life-threatening diseases. The majority of patients, after the acute event of coronary artery disease, suffer from mental stress, depression, and cognitive impairments. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the effect of the Cognitive and Emotional Impairment Management Bundle (CEIMB) among patients with coronary artery disease.
Methods: This randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial was conducted in a tertiary care center among patients with coronary artery disease. The samples were recruited from the coronary intensive care unit through purposive sampling technique. After the sample selection, they were allotted to control (n1 = 55) and intervention (n2 = 56) groups through block randomization. The intervention was provided through three sessions. The study was registered under the Clinical Trial registry of the country. The statistical analysis was done using the SPSS ver. 25. The analysis was done by mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, and two-way repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: The mean age of the participants in the control group was 56.6 ± 6.1 years, and in the experimental group was 57.6 ± 6.4 years. The majority of the participants (39.3%) in the intervention group had severe depression, moderate levels of stress (30.4%), and medication adherence (96.4%). In the experimental group, depression, stress, medication adherence, and cognition had a statistically significant difference at different periods (<0.05).
Conclusion: The impaired mental status and cognitive level of the patients after the cardiac event negatively influences the patient's prognosis, contributing to readmission and premature death.
Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping in Preterm Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zaghloul Mahmoud Fatma , Elhadary Samar Mahmoud Mohamed , M Ebrahim Abd Elnabi Mona , Atta Fatma M , Abd Elkreem Marwa , Dwedar Lawahez M
Published: July 2024

Background: The optimal timing for clamping the umbilical cord remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the optimal timing of umbilical cord clamping and its effect on preterm neonates.
Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial with the registration number: NCT06000800. It was conducted at Kasr Al Ainy Maternity Hospital, Cairo University Hospital, where a total of 80 pregnant women were randomly pooled and randomly divided into four groups with each group comprising 20 pregnant women. Umbilical cord clamping was performed in the first group immediately (5 sec after birth), after 30 sec in the second group, after 60 sec in the third group, and after 90 sec in the fourth group. After birth, clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed and recorded at the 1st, 6th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hours for all preterm neonates.
Results: Delayed cord clamping at 90 sec was linked to improved preterm neonatal outcomes including heart rate at the 1st and the 6th hours; respiratory rate at the 12th hour; oxygen saturation at the 1st hour; hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose levels at the 6th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hours; but also linked to increase in bilirubin levels at the 12th, 24th, and 48th hours (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference concerning APGAR score; respiratory rate at the 12th hour, temperature at the 1st, 6th, 12th, 24th, and 48th hours; hemoglobin, hematocrit, and blood glucose at the 1st hour; and bilirubin at the 1st, 6th, and 12th hours in all groups (5, 30, 60, and 90 sec) (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Better levels of blood glucose and hemoglobin were seen in preterm neonates whose cord clamping was delayed. Further studies should be carried out to determine the optimal timing of umbilical cord clamping with larger samples, for extended delay of clamping for more than 90 sec, and with recording of parameters for an extended period of follow-up even past the neonatal period.