bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐sensitivity troponin T for detection of culprit lesions in patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Lundin Andreas , Svensson Carl Johan , Hansson Victor Utas , Thorsson Martin , Oras Jonatan
Published: May 2024

Background

Patients with an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) often undergo coronary angiography, although a culprit lesion is found in only 30%–40% of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate high‐sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) levels in post cardiac arrest patients with and without coronary culprit lesions; factors affecting hsTnT levels after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC); and the diagnostic ability of hsTnT in identifying patients with culprit lesions. We hypothesized that peak hsTnT levels were higher during the initial 48 h after cardiac arrest in patients with a coronary culprit lesion.

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study, which included patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit after an OHCA and who received a coronary angiography. Peak values and dynamic changes in hsTnT were analyzed in relation to the presence of a culprit lesion at coronary angiography.

Results

A total of 238 patients were studied, of whom 140 had a culprit lesion. HsTnT levels during the initial 48 h were higher in patients with culprit lesions, longer time to ROSC and an unwitnessed cardiac arrest. At 6 to 12 h after ROSC, a hsTnT cut‐off level of 1690 ng/L had a sensitivity of 64% and specificity of 84% to identify a culprit lesion. In patients without ST‐elevations, hsTnT measured between 6 and 12 h after ROSC had a specificity above 90%, with a sensitivity of 46%.

Conclusion

HsTnT levels after cardiac arrest are higher in patients with coronary culprit lesions. Presence of a culprit lesion, witnessed status and the duration of CPR are important factors affecting hsTnT levels. Repeated measurement of hsTnT within the first 12 h after admission improved diagnostic accuracy but the value of hsTnT as a predictor of culprit lesions early after OHCA is limited.
The newborn individualised developmental care and assessment program: A model of care for infants and families in hospital settings
Authors: Vittner Dorothy , Butler Samantha , Lawhon gretchen , Buehler Deborah
Published: May 2024

Aim

The Newborn Individualised Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) is an intervention and education programme that uses developmental observation for multidisciplinary healthcare professionals (HCP) caring for high‐risk infants and families. Infants prosper with the ongoing co‐regulation process of infant and family that is influenced by the physical and social environment.

Methods

The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) Guidelines were applied to the NIDCAP intervention. The estimation of the individual infant's current goals is described from direct observation of behaviour in the context of ongoing care delivery. The infant's behaviour guides all caregivers to articulate current strengths and functioning for the development of individualised plans of care and support. The NIDCAP Nursery Program supports the full integration of NIDCAP into the healthcare system.

Results

NIDCAP is a system‐based, process‐oriented, attuned and responsive intervention for individualised developmental care for infants and families. Evidence shows NIDCAP significantly improves medical outcomes, with less time on the ventilator, improved weight gain, decreased length of stay, improved developmental outcomes and enhanced infant and family relationships. Evidence suggests that NIDCAP as an intervention improves parental competence, decreases stress for HCP teams and improves HCP satisfaction.

Conclusion

NIDCAP improves outcomes for infants and families requiring hospital care.
Early‐life family and school impacts on adolescent conduct problems: A path analysis
Authors: Wong Rosa S. , Lam Almen L. N. , Tung Keith T. S. , Rao Nirmala , Xie Sarika S. Y. , Yam Jason C. , Ip Patrick
Published: May 2024

Limited research has been conducted to examine the factors during early childhood that may contribute to conduct problems in later stages of life. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between family and school environments during early childhood and conduct problems in adolescence. In Wave 1 (W1), the study recruited 502 participants, aged 5–6 years, from Hong Kong local kindergartens, with 51.4% boys. One of their parents provided information about family socioeconomic status (SES), parent–child recreational activities, and child screen time, whereas the class teacher rated their school readiness using the Chinese version of the Early Development Instrument. Data on the number of special facilities were obtained from the kindergartens. In Wave 2 (W2), the same parents of 395 participants were asked about their involvement in their children's education. Finally, in Wave 3 (W3), the parents of 206 participants completed the Conduct Problem scale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire to evaluate the level of conduct problems in the participants. The results of the path analysis revealed that higher W1 family SES was associated with fewer W3 conduct problems through an increase in W1 and W2 parental involvement in children's learning and play activities. Findings have implications for understanding the impact of early‐life family and school environments on adolescent conduct problems. Early childhood interventions that promote family resources and positive parent–child interactions have the potential to reduce adolescent conduct problems.
Towards understanding and improving medication safety for patients with mental illness in primary care: A multimethod study
Authors: Ayre Matthew J. , Lewis Penny J. , Phipps Denham L. , Morgan Kathy M. , Keers Richard N.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Medication safety incidents have been identified as an important target to improve patient safety in mental healthcare. Despite this, the causes of preventable medication safety incidents affecting patients with mental illness have historically been poorly understood, with research now addressing this knowledge gap through a healthcare professional lens. However, patients and carers can also provide complimentary insight into safety issues, and as key stakeholders in healthcare, it is vital to consider their needs when designing effective interventions.

Methods

A two‐stage approach was adopted by (i) conducting three focus groups (FG) comprising 13 patients with mental illness and their carers to develop a holistic picture of medication safety in primary care with extraction of themes guided by the P‐MEDS framework; (ii) conducting two separate nominal group consensus workshops with seven patients with mental illness/carers and seven healthcare professionals to identify priority areas for targeted interventions.

Results

Seven themes were identified in the FGs: communication; trust, involvement and respect; continuity and support; access; the healthcare professional; the patient and carer; and the organisation. Priority areas identified for intervention by key stakeholders included improving communication within and between clinical services, enhancing patient support with holistic continuity of care, maximising shared decision‐making and empowerment, ensuring timely access to medicines and services, strengthening healthcare professional knowledge regarding mental illnesses and associated medications, and increasing patient dignity and respect.

Conclusion

This study has developed a holistic picture of contributors to medication safety incidents affecting patients with mental illness in primary care. This theory was then used by key stakeholders to inform and generate priority recommendations for targeted interventions. These findings can be used to inform future intervention research, as they consider the needs of those who access or work within primary care services.

Patient or Public Contribution

An advisory group consisting of three expert patients with lived experience of mental illness was consulted on the design of both stages of this study. Patients with mental illness and/or their carers were recruited and participated in both stages of this study. Patients/carers aided with data analysis and interpretation during the patient/carer nominal group consensus workshop.
The influence of context on diagnostic reasoning: A narrative synthesis of experimental findings
Authors: Schmidt Henk G. , Norman Geoffrey R. , Mamede Silvia , Magzoub Mohi
Published: May 2024

Aims and Objectives

Contextual information which is implicitly available to physicians during clinical encounters has been shown to influence diagnostic reasoning. To better understand the psychological mechanisms underlying the influence of context on diagnostic accuracy, we conducted a review of experimental research on this topic.

Method

We searched Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus for relevant articles and looked for additional records by reading the references and approaching experts. We limited the review to true experiments involving physicians in which the outcome variable was the accuracy of the diagnosis.

Results

The 43 studies reviewed examined two categories of contextual variables: (a) case‐intrinsic contextual information and (b) case‐extrinsic contextual information. Case‐intrinsic information includes implicit misleading diagnostic suggestions in the disease history of the patient, or emotional volatility of the patient. Case‐extrinsic or situational information includes a similar (but different) case seen previously, perceived case difficulty, or external digital diagnostic support. Time pressure and interruptions are other extrinsic influences that may affect the accuracy of a diagnosis but have produced conflicting findings.

Conclusion

We propose two tentative hypotheses explaining the role of context in diagnostic accuracy. According to the negative‐affect hypothesis, diagnostic errors emerge when the physician's attention shifts from the relevant clinical findings to the (irrelevant) source of negative affect (for instance patient aggression) raised in a clinical encounter. The early‐diagnosis‐primacy hypothesis attributes errors to the extraordinary influence of the initial hypothesis that comes to the physician's mind on the subsequent collecting and interpretation of case information. Future research should test these mechanisms explicitly. Possible alternative mechanisms such as premature closure or increased production of (irrelevant) rival diagnoses in response to context deserve further scrutiny. Implications for medical education and practice are discussed.
Diatom species responses along gradients of dissolved inorganic carbon, total phosphorus, and lake depth from lakes across Canada
Authors: Griffiths Katherine , Duda Matthew P. , Antoniades Dermot , Smol John P. , Gregory‐Eaves Irene
Published: May 2024

Diatoms are key components of freshwater ecosystems and are regularly used for paleolimnological reconstructions, in which defining species optima and tolerances is fundamental for interpreting assemblage shifts in a sediment record. Here, we examined responses of diatoms across three major environmental gradients—dissolved inorganic carbon (range: 0.1–230.5 mg · L−1), total phosphorus (range: 3–326 μg · L−1), and maximum lake depth (range: 0.9–55.0 m)—taken from 158 lakes from across Canada. The lakes were sampled as part of the LakePulse Network, which conducted a standardized sampling of lakes spanning 12 Canadian ecozones. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to model the species responses of 37 common taxa, and species optima and tolerances were calculated with weighted average modeling. The most common response detected was the symmetrical unimodal model, suggesting we likely captured the full environmental ranges for many species, although skewed unimodal responses were also common. Indicator species analyses identified taxa with high predictive values and fidelities to particular ecozones, with high‐nutrient‐adapted taxa such as Stephanodiscus spp. and Cyclotella meneghiniana characteristic of the agriculturally productive Prairie region. The Prairies stood out in the dataset as the region with the most unique flora from the local contribution to beta diversity analysis. Overall, the autecological data provided by our study will allow for improved interpretations of paleolimnological records and other biomonitoring efforts, addressing management concerns and contributing to a better understanding of our changing environment.
Surface currents shape protist community structure across the Indo‐Pacific
Authors: Borbee Erin M. , Puspa Inna Ayu , Gelis Ester Restiana Endang , Setiawan Fahkrizal , Maduppa Hawis , Humphries Austin T. , Lane Christopher E.
Published: May 2024

Biogeographic structure in marine protist communities is shaped by a combination of dispersal potential and environmental selection. High‐throughput sequencing and global sampling efforts have helped better resolve the composition and functions of these communities in the world's oceans using both molecular and visual methods. However, molecular barcoding data are critically lacking across the Indo‐Pacific, a region widely considered the epicenter of marine biodiversity. To fill this gap, we characterized protist communities in four sampling regions across Indonesia that represent the latitudinal, longitudinal, and human population gradients of the region: Lombok, Wakatobi, Misool, and Waigeo. We show high spatial structuring in marine protist communities across Indonesia, and biotic factors appear to play little role in driving this observed structure. Our results appear to be driven by abiotic factors linked to surface current patterns across the Indo‐Pacific as a result of: (1) a choke point in circulation at the Indonesian Throughflow leading to low diatom diversity in Lombok, Wakatobi, and Misool; (2) an increase in nutrient availability at the edge of the Halmahera Eddy in Waigeo, leading to an increase in diatom diversity; and/or (3) seasonal variations in protist communities in line with shifts in velocity of the Indonesian Throughflow. Overall, our results highlight the importance of abiotic factors in shaping protist communities on broad geographic scales over biotic, top‐down pressures, such as grazing from higher trophic levels.
Classifying Virus Strain Using a Machine Learning Model Based on Subcellular Localization Data
Authors: Kamaruddin Muhammad Izzat , Hassan Rohayanti , Rayhan Nabil , Mohd-Shafie Muhammad Luqman
Published: May 2024

The topic of mRNA subcellular localization is very useful for further study. And one of the most significant reasons to study deep into this topic is to study mRNA functions. The location of the particular mRNA is very important, as well as its function. Localization of mRNA can be used for a variety of reasons. Therefore, several tools were developed to predict mRNA localization. Due to the various importance and functions of subcellular localization, further studies and research have been given significant attention by the researchers. Among all of the tools developed, some notable differences between those existing machine learning models are the methods implemented within the models. These methods give huge impacts on the outcomes of the prediction model. In this paper, the research focuses on analyzing the methodology and performance of mRNA subcellular localization prediction models.
Employee Management System for Enterprise Company
Authors: Ning Kang Chu , Ahmad Johanna , Zakaria Noor Hidayah , Yuen Simon Chong Kai
Published: May 2024

During this revolutionizing global market, enterprise companies of today must respond dynamically to changes in order to survive the future. The changes compel all business owners to adjust themselves and adapt to new strategies in managing their businesses. Previously, employee management was done manually by most of the company or organization and it requires a huge effort in internal management to ensure an optimum level of their business productivity. In recent years, there has been a significant advancement in technology that allows the company to transform the manual process of employee management into a digitized process through the development of software or web application. Employee management has been undergoing considerable change over the past few decades, as most industries have realized the potential of technology to improve employee management and information. Therefore, an Employee Management System is proposed to solve the problems. The methodology used to develop this system is Agile methodology. Agile methodology focuses on the iteration cycle that splits the development process into different phases which are known as sprints. The phases of Agile methodology consists of requirements, analysis, design, implementation and testing. The system requirements are gathered by using the elicitation techniques such as interview, survey, literature reviews and prototyping. These requirements are represented using Unified Modeling Language (UML) including use case diagram, sequence diagram and activity diagram and then documented into Software Requirement Specification (SRS). A complete and overall design of the system which includes system architecture design, database design, interface design and test case design are conducted and documented into Software Design Document (SDD) and Software Testing Documentation (STD). At the end of this project, an intuitive Employee Management System is developed and could be fully functional to improve the effectiveness of the employee management in the company.
A small step can also be a big step—first study on DNA barcoding in species delimitation of oribatid mites in Russia

Authors: Ge Xueying , Ermilov Sergey G. , Kazakov Denis V. , Salavatulin Vladimir M. , Kolesnikov Vasiliy B. , Sheykin Sergey D. , Liu Dong
Published: May 2024

Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) are a large group of soil animals, with small body sizes and complex morphological structures. At present, oribatid mite species identification is essentially based on morphological characters. In this study, we collected 124 specimens of oribatid mites belonging to 110 species of 72 genera in Russia, and extracted their genomic DNA subsequently. In order to investigate whether the molecular data (DNA-barcoding marker, COI gene) and morphological classification results are consistent, we used three methods, ASAP, ABGD and GMYC, to delimit species, and calculate a maximum likelihood tree. The results indicate that COI gene fragments can be effectively used for species delimitation. There are some cryptic species identified in oribatid mites, which do not have distinct morphological differences, but diverge considerably in molecular data. Meanwhile, some formerly unidentified species could be identified through molecular means. The study enriches the molecular data of oribatid mites worldwide and provides the basis for more detailed taxonomic studies of oribatid mites in Russia. In the future, more analyses and mining of molecular data, combined with morphological analyses, will help to reveal and further understand the phylogenetic relationships of Oribatida.
A heterogeneous mantle and crustal structure formed during the early differentiation of Mars
Authors: Day James M. D. , Paquet Marine , Udry Arya , Moynier Frederic
Published: May 2024

Highly siderophile element abundances and Os isotopes of nakhlite and chassignite meteorites demonstrate that they represent a comagmatic suite from Mars. Nakhlites experienced variable assimilation of >2-billion-year-old altered high Re/Os basaltic crust. This basaltic crust is distinct from the ancient crust represented by meteorites Allan Hills 84001 or impact-contaminated Northwest Africa 7034/7533. Nakhlites and chassignites that did not experience crustal assimilation reveal that they were extracted from a depleted lithospheric mantle distinct from the deep plume source of depleted shergottites. The comagmatic origin for nakhlites and chassignites demonstrates a layered martian interior comprising ancient enriched basaltic crust derived from trace element–rich shallow magma ocean cumulates, a variably metasomatized mantle lithosphere, and a trace element–depleted deep mantle sampled by plume magmatism.
‘The Doctor in Search of Herself’: women doctors’ autobiographies, second wave feminism, and the feminist women’s health movement, 1976-1987
Authors: Evens Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Second wave feminist legal and educational reform contributed to the fourfold rise in the number of women doctors in the United States between 1970 and 1990, challenging the hierarchical medical workplace from within. At the same moment, the feminist women’s health movement (FWHM) identified and protested gendered health disparities, changing medical practice from without. This article analyses five women doctors’ autobiographical reflections of medical training published between 1976 and 1987, during this period of gendered upheaval. In these works, authors shared their experiences of entering a male-dominated profession, addressing second wave feminist concerns about women’s workplace equality. They explored whether women could become full and equal members of the medical professional, but also how women should become members of a profession that mistreated female patients in ways the FWHM sought to address. Through autobiographical writing, women doctors shared experiences that amplified these reform imperatives, while reflecting on their position as agents within an unequal healthcare system.
Optical soliton solutions and modulation instability for unstable conformable Schrödinger model
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Arqub Omar Abu , Alotaibi Fawziah M.
Published: May 2024

The unstable time fractional Schrödinger model (UTFSM) is studied through the development of disturbances in marginally stable or unstable media. A modified Sardar-sub equation technique (MSSE) for a conformable fractional-order nonlinear evolution model is presented in this paper. The objective here is to construct new wave solutions for UTFSM. These solutions have particular relevance in quantum physics and assume several forms such as rational, exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, as well as combo solutions. This technique produces various shapes of dark, kink-type solitons and periodic solitary waves by setting proper parametric values. These discrete physical frameworks contribute to an understanding from analysis of unstable dynamical models. Additionally, we investigate modulation instability and stability analysis to ensure that obtained solutions are highly stable. The multiplicity of waves and solutions emphasizes how this technique can be used for different nonlinear fractional models in quantum physics and other areas.
DIGITALIZATION, SERVITIZATION STRATEGY AND BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
Authors: CHENG XUAN-MEI , BAN SHENG-XI , ESINA DARIA , CHEN KAN-XIANG
Published: May 2024

This study explores the influence mechanisms of digitalization, servitization strategy and the business model innovation and performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It incorporates the three into the research framework of “innovation support–innovation strategy–innovation process” and presents corresponding research hypotheses. Using a quantitative approach, 468 valid questionnaires were obtained. The empirical results show that digitalization positively affects the service-oriented strategy and business model innovation, and the service-oriented strategy partially mediates the relationship between digitalization and business model innovation. This study guides the digital- and service-oriented transformation of SMEs in China.
Synthesis of mulberry-like Fe nanoparticles assembly by nano-spheres and its excellent electromagnetic absorption properties
Authors: Yang Fuli , Zou Bo , Wang Lirui
Published: May 2024

Considering the development of ultra-wideband detection technology, the effective attenuation performance of conventional electromagnetic absorbing materials prepared by component-morphology method is still affected by narrowband, which hinders its application. An effective strategy is to develop nanomagnetic metal absorbent that can effectively overcome skin effect through fine control based on nanotechnology. Mulberry-like Fe nanoparticles based on the self-assembly of spheroid blocks were synthesized in a simple chemical reduction process supplemented by a magnetic field. In view of synergistic loss of magnetic metal Fe, and unique physical properties of nanoparticles, the mulberry-like Fe nanoparticles exhibited attractive wave-absorbing properties. At a thickness of 3[Formula: see text]mm, the minimum reflection loss (RL) reaches −29.57[Formula: see text]dB, and the bandwidth less than −10[Formula: see text]dB reaches 8.38[Formula: see text]GHz, which covers the entire X-band, most of the C-band and part of the Ku-band. This will make it possible for electromagnetic protection and electromagnetic stealth. A possible growth mechanism was proposed to provide theoretical guidance for the subsequent preparation of nanomagnetic metal absorbent.
A Structure-Enhanced Heterogeneous Graph Representation Learning with Attention-Supplemented Embedding Fusion
Authors: Pham Phu
Published: May 2024

In recent years, heterogeneous network/graph representation learning/embedding (HNE) has drawn tremendous attentions from research communities in multiple disciplines. HNE has shown its outstanding performances in various networked data analysis and mining tasks. In fact, most of real-world information networks in multiple fields can be modelled as the heterogeneous information networks (HIN). Thus, the HNE-based techniques can sufficiently capture rich-structured and semantic latent features from the given information network in order to facilitate for different task-driven learning tasks. This is considered as fundamental success of HNE-based approach in comparing with previous traditional homogeneous network/graph based embedding techniques. However, there are recent studies have also demonstrated that the heterogeneous network/graph modelling and embedding through graph neural network (GNN) is not usually reliable. This challenge is original come from the fact that most of real-world heterogeneous networks are considered as incomplete and normally contain a large number of feature noises. Therefore, multiple attempts have proposed recently to overcome this limitation. Within this approach, the meta-path-based heterogeneous graph-structured latent features and GNN-based parameters are jointly learnt and optimized during the embedding process. However, this integrated GNN and heterogeneous graph structure (HGS) learning approach still suffered a challenge of effectively parameterizing and fusing different graph-structured latent features from both GNN- and HGS-based sides into better task-driven friendly and noise-reduced embedding spaces. Therefore, in this paper we proposed a novel attention-supplemented heterogeneous graph structure embedding approach, called as: AGSE. Our proposed AGSE model supports to not only achieve the combined rich heterogeneous structural and GNN-based aggregated node representations but also transform achieved node embeddings into noise-reduced and task-driven friendly embedding space. Extensive experiments in benchmark heterogeneous networked datasets for node classification task showed the effectiveness of our proposed AGSE model in comparing with state-of-the-art network embedding baselines.
Model Predictive Control for Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Systems with Unknown Time-Varying Delay in States and Input Vector
Authors: Sarbaz Mohammad
Published: May 2024

The time-varying delay is a peculiar phenomenon that occurs in almost all systems. It can cause numerous problems and instability during system operation. In this paper, the time-varying delay is considered in both the states and input vectors, which is a significant distinction between the proposed method here and previous algorithms. Furthermore, the time-varying delay is unknown but bounded. To address this issue, the Razumikhin approach is applied to the proposed method, as it incorporates a Lyapunov function with the original non-augmented state space of the system models, in contrast to the Krasovskii formula. Moreover, the Razumikhin method performs better and avoids the inherent complexity of the Krasovskii method, particularly when dealing with large delays and disturbances. For achieving output stabilization, the model predictive control (MPC) is designed for the system. The considered system in this paper is an interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy T-S model, which provides a more accurate estimation of the dynamic model of the system. The online optimization problems are solved using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which reduces the computational burden and online computational costs compared to offline and non-LMI approaches. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Enhancement of CuO/Si Solar Cell Efficiency by Cu2O Doping Prepared Via Thermal Evaporation Technique
Authors: Qassim Zainab , Mousa Al-Ogaili Abdulazeez O. , Haneen Abass Khalid
Published: May 2024

CuO:Cu2O/Si heterojunctions have been prepared with different concentrations of Cu2O nanoparticles using the thermal evaporation technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the prepared films are polycrystalline with orthorhombic structure and preferential orientation (110) direction along the [Formula: see text] axis at [Formula: see text], which corresponds to the pure CuO with crystallite size 18[Formula: see text]nm, while the particle size ranged from 14[Formula: see text]nm to 34 nm (resulted from SEM test). The optical properties were studied by recording the absorbance spectra using the UV–visible spectrophotometer. The absorbance increased with Cu2O doping. The high values of the energy gap refer to the quantization effect. The electrical properties including the Hall effect were studied. CuO:Cu2O/Si heterojunctions have been prepared at different concentrations. [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] characteristics show that the Cu2O doping increases the energy conversion efficiency by retarding the electron–hole recombination and the improved device performance is caused by the high short-circuit current ([Formula: see text] and open circuit voltage ([Formula: see text] and found that the highest efficiency ([Formula: see text] at doping 0.006 Cu2O 3.471% with [Formula: see text] of 2.20[Formula: see text]V, [Formula: see text] of 0.0170[Formula: see text]mA cm[Formula: see text] and F.F of 0.6497 at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mW/cm2.
In-vitro Isolation of Serratia marcescens and Computational Analysis of Lipase-Chitinase as a Hybrid Enzyme for the Degradation of Fungicides to Sustain the Ecosystem
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Iqbal Fatima , Aziz Tariq , Waseem Muhammad , Hassan Zainab , Arooj Rabia , Abid Amina , Alasmari Abdullah F. , Alshammari Abdulrahman
Published: May 2024

The application of fungicides for commercial purposes has grown in response to increased food demand and shifting disease patterns. However, there is a scarcity of studies demonstrating their proper degradation. Due to the expanding global population, there is a heightened need for more agriculture to fulfill the growing demand for food, and this necessitates safeguarding crops from pests and diseases. Disease outbreaks in crops can result in the loss of food and the depletion of valuable resources. According to the European Union, organic fungicides constitute 60% of all fungicide sales, while synthetic fungicides make up the remaining 40% of pesticide sales. Fungicide usage is indispensable but needs to be considered within the context of potential environmental risks. Nonetheless, there is a pressing need to break down fungicides to preserve the natural environment. Our research is centered on hybrid enzymes derived from S. marcescens, which exhibit the capability to degrade fungicides. We employed computational techniques to assess the enzymes’ effectiveness in breaking down fungicides. S. marcescens was isolated from soil and identified through 16s rRNA analysis. Chitanase and lipase, enzymes identified in S. marcescens, can individually break down fungicides, as confirmed by auto-dock vina docking simulations. Notably, the combined action of these two enzymes surpasses the performance of individual docking, a result also corroborated by auto-dock vina. To further establish the efficacy and degradability of this approach, computational techniques were employed. In the future, it may be possible to create an in vitro antifungal agent, which could be categorized as a bioactive agent.
CHIPing Away at Proteomics to Find Correlations with Myeloid Neoplasms
Authors: Bhalgat Avni M. , Taylor Justin
Published: May 2024

Plasma proteomic profiling to identify associations with myeloid neoplasm (MN) risk highlights the potential of integrating proteins and genetic biomarkers for the detection of individuals at high risk of developing MN. These proteins also offer valuable insights into biological pathways and inflammatory mechanisms involved in the progression of clonal hematopoiesis to MN.

See related article by Tran et al., p. 3220
Clinically Relevant Humanized Mouse Models of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Facilitate Therapeutic Evaluation
Authors: Kostlan Raymond J. , Phoenix John T. , Budreika Audris , Ferrari Marina G. , Khurana Neetika , Choi Jae E. , Juckette Kristin , Mahapatra Somnath , McCollum Brooke L. , Moskal Russell , Mannan Rahul , Qiao Yuanyuan , Vander Griend Donald J. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Kregel Steven
Published: May 2024

There is tremendous need for improved prostate cancer models. Anatomically and developmentally, the mouse prostate differs from the human prostate and does not form tumors spontaneously. Genetically engineered mouse models lack the heterogeneity of human cancer and rarely establish metastatic growth. Human xenografts are an alternative but must rely on an immunocompromised host. Therefore, we generated prostate cancer murine xenograft models with an intact human immune system (huNOG and huNOG-EXL mice) to test whether humanizing tumor-immune interactions would improve modeling of metastatic prostate cancer and the impact of androgen receptor-targeted and immunotherapies. These mice maintain multiple human immune cell lineages, including functional human T-cells and myeloid cells.

Implications: To the best of our knowledge, results illustrate the first model of human prostate cancer that has an intact human immune system, metastasizes to clinically relevant locations, responds appropriately to standard-of-care hormonal therapies, and can model both an immunosuppressive and checkpoint-inhibition responsive immune microenvironment.
Mechanisms of Glioblastoma Replication: Ca2+ Flares and Cl− Currents
Authors: Li Yunzhen , Sanchez Triviño Cesar Adolfo , Hernandez Andres , Mortal Simone , Spada Federica , Krivosheia Ilona , Franco Nicoletta , Spelat Renza , Cesselli Daniela , Manini Ivana , Skrap Miran , Menini Anna , Cesca Fabrizia , Torre Vincent
Published: May 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is amongst the deadliest types of cancers, with no resolutive cure currently available. GBM cell proliferation in the patient’s brain is a complex phenomenon controlled by multiple mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine whether the ionic fluxes controlling cell duplication could represent a target for GBM therapy. In this work, we combined multi-channel Ca2+ and Cl− imaging, optical tweezers, electrophysiology, and immunohistochemistry to describe the role of ion fluxes in mediating the cell volume changes that accompany mitosis of U87 GBM cells. We identified three main steps: (i) in round GBM cells undergoing mitosis, during the transition from anaphase to telophase and cytokinesis, large Ca2+ flares occur, reaching values of 0.5 to 1 μmol/L; (ii) these Ca2+ flares activate Ca2+-dependent Cl− channels, allowing the entry of Cl− ions; and (iii) to maintain osmotic balance, GBM cells swell to complete mitosis. This sequence of steps was validated by electrophysiological experiments showing that Cl− channels are activated either directly or indirectly by Ca2+, and by additional live-cell imaging experiments. Cl− channel blockers with different molecular structures, such as niflumic acid and carbenoxolone, blocked GBM replication by arresting GBM cells in a round configuration. These results describe the central role of Ca2+ flares and Cl− fluxes during mitosis and show that inhibition of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels blocks GBM replication, opening the way to new approaches for the clinical treatment of GBM.

Implications: Our work identifies ionic fluxes occurring during cell division as targets for devising novel therapies for glioblastoma treatment.
Supplementary Table 1 from LYVE-1–expressing Macrophages Modulate the Hyaluronan-containing Extracellular Matrix in the Mammary Stroma and Contribute to Mammary Tumor Growth
Authors: Elfstrum Alexis K. , Rumahorbo Annisa H. , Reese Lyndsay E. , Nelson Emma V. , McCluskey Braedan M. , Schwertfeger Kathryn L.
Published: May 2024

Table depicting differential gene expression data comparing each cluster relative to all other clusters within tumors derived from Csfrfl/fl mice.
Apontamentos sobre o campo da terapia ocupacional
Authors: Mângia Elisabete Ferreira
Published: May 2024

Contemporâneamente encontramos na Terapia Ocupacional um conjunto de debates e polêmicas que mereceriam ser melhor enfrentados. O problema da validação científica dos discursos e das diferentes possibilidades de pensar os desafios profissionais será abordado neste artigo. O objetivo é oferecer pontos de vista que possam sustentar uma discussão mais fecunda na área e que articule aspectos que são freqüentemente pensados em separado; especialmente o problema da identidade profissional, das populações assistidas, e aspectos da conjuntura social que determinam as práticas.
O atendimento terapêutico ocupacional aos pacientes com demência
Authors: Coppini Rosana Zuolo
Published: May 2024

O trabalho que se segue é sobre uma possibilidade de atendimento em grupo de Terapia Ocupacional a idosos em estágios iniciais de demência. Numa perspectiva dinâmica, o programa tem um caráter preventivo, quanto aos aspectos de isolamento social e inatividade.
At the Hawk's Well - a dialogue between Japan and the West through the dances of a hawk woman
Authors: Greiner Christine
Published: May 2024

The aim of this article is to compare different versions of a dance solo created for William Butler Yeats's At the Hawk's Well. This play was recognised as part of the Noh theatre repertory in Japan. We suggest that through the hawk woman's solo it is possible to observe the evolution of a dialogue between Japan and the West, since dance itself can be considered a whole universe of know-edge. In the specific case of Yeats' drama, the discussion also extends to the relationship between tradition and avant-garde, past and future, life and death.From the many different versions of At the Hawk's Well we chose the first, created by the Japanese choreographer Michio Ito, and the 1981, 1982 and 1991 Noho productions. In all of them the characters of the old man, the hawk woman and the young Cuchulain were maintained. The mood was dreamlike, exactly as the poet always wished.
Beckett and Beyond: A Review
Authors: Betti Maria Sílvia
Published: May 2024

Bruce Stewart. Beckett and Beyond. Monaco: The Princess Grace Irish Library, 1999.
Surviving on Paper: Recent Indigenous Writing in Brazil
Authors: Souza Lynn Mario T. Menezes de
Published: May 2024

The revised Brazilian constitution of 1988 represents a sea-change in Brazilian indigenism, by officially recognizing Brazil as a multi-lingual and multi-cultural society. This modified the constitution of national identity and consequently modified the previous tenet of Brazilian official indigenism, which was to acculturate indigenous cultures into a monolingual Portuguese-speaking national culture by eliminating the cultural and linguistic characteristics, which were their marks of difference. What official policy has not modified, however, is the need for tutelage and protection which continues to subjugate the indigenous population to official federal policy, given that this protection and tutelage are seen to be the jurisdiction of the central federal government.
Reading Contemporary Irish Literature
Authors: Grene Nicholas
Published: May 2024

Christina Hunt Mahony, Contemporary Irish Literature: Transforming Tradition (New York: St Martin's Press, 1998).
The Colloquy of the Old Men: An Introduction
Authors: Harmon Maurice
Published: May 2024

The Colloquy of the Old Men, a translation of Acallam na Senorach, is an early thir-teenth-century text of about 80,000 words mainly of prose but with many poems interspersed in the prose. A medieval Irish romance, the Colloqwy tells of the meeting between Oisin and Cailte, two surviving members of the third century Fian, a band of roving warriors who used to guard Ireland, and saint Patrick, who brought Christianityity to Ireland in the fifh centurv. Cailte and Patrick travel round Ireland together. Patrick is concerned with converting the provincial kings, their nobles and followers, but Cailte wants to revisit places associated with his former comrades. The frame story deals with Patrick's journevs but within that are over two hundred stories told mainly by Cailte about people, places, and events in the legendary past.
The Playwright's Response to the Colonial Process: Innovatory Dramatic Structure In Brian Friel's The Freedom of the City (1973) and David Rudkin's The Saxon Shore (1986)
Authors: James Peter Harris
Published: May 2024

This article compares the dramatic structure used by Brian Friel and david Rudkin in The Freedom of the City and The saxon Shore respectively. It is argued that each playwright employs innovatory techniques in order to underline his particular response to the colonial process in Northern Ireland. Brian Friel uses techniques of disorientation and displacement aimed at placing the theatre audience in the situation of the colonised. On the other hand, David Rudkin reinforces the central metaphor of his play, Hadrian's Wall at the very time of the Roman withdrawal from Britain, with the doubling of roles in such a way as to demonstrate not only the fundamental similarities between individuals in apparently opposing groups, but also, consequently, the vulnerability of the coloniser's position.
Prince of Ulster or Arch-Traitor? The Self Fashioning of Hugh O'Neill
Authors: O‘Neill Eoin , Portela Irene
Published: May 2024

Although in England the Elizabethan era is regarded as a golden age, the same period in Ireland has a much darker and murkier appear-ance. The aim of this paper is to try to somewhat illuminate this period by looking at the Hugh O'Neill, the dominant Irish figure in the last decades ofElizabeth's reign, leader of the Gaelic forces in the Nine Years War Rather than trying to minutely analyse O'Neill's life, we intend to use the concepts of 'self fashioning and 'the flexibility of the self' to see if they can aid to unravel the puzzle of Elizabethan Ireland.
Chinese Universities on the Global Stage: Perspectives from the Recent Past
Authors: Yeh Wen-hsin
Published: May 2024

Institutional reforms in higher education in China have produced impressive results both in the quality of scholarly work and the quantity of degree-holders. The higher-education system effectively complemented China's stellar economic transformation in the post-Mao decades. But it has yet to earn unalloyed admiration in the world of universities. This essay draws on my research as a historian of modern China and my time as faculty adviser on China engagement at the University of California, Berkeley. I argue that the rise in eminence of Chinese universities is about the system becoming more Western-oriented, more elitist in ethos, less overtly top-down in directives, and more techno-bureaucratic in means. The university system is also reaching an inflection point thanks to tension between ideologized cultural nationalism and headwinds on the course of further techno-professional internationalization.
The Liberal Arts in a Chinese Tech University: ShanghaiTech
Authors: Jiang Mianheng
Published: May 2024

A newly founded, small-scale research university geared toward international standards and competitiveness, ShanghaiTech University has three STEM divisions (information science and technology, physical science and technology, and life science and technology) and three HASS divisions (creativity and arts, entrepreneurship and management, and the humanities). The university's undergraduate education receives its inspiration from the whole-person approach, and gives particular weight to a “broadly based and in-depth” pedagogical framework, in which the liberal arts make up an indispensable component. Through interdisciplinary curricular planning, small class sizes, emphasis on interaction and openness in learning, and international exchange programs, I explore effective measures to grow general education at ShanghaiTech as well as address challenges that are unique to a Chinese tech university.
Teaching for Synthesis at The London Interdisciplinary School
Authors: Gombrich Carl , Peterson Amelia
Published: May 2024

The London Interdisciplinary School (LIS) is a British higher-education institution that opened in 2021, with a base in Whitechapel, London. It seeks to advance higher education through innovation in curriculum, with the creation of two new degrees: the Bachelor's in Arts and Science (BASc) and Master's in Arts and Science (MASc). While a traditional liberal arts degree might expose students to a wide range of fields of knowledge, a particularly unique part of degrees at LIS is an explicit focus on knowledge synthesis across different disciplines and methods, allowing us to understand and tackle complex problems. In this essay, we describe the founding of LIS and then briefly detail three distinct aspects of teaching for synthesis. In contrast to a “bottom up” approach-which relies on interdisciplinarity to result incidentally from disciplinary combinations-this technique is part of a series of coherent actions that synthesize knowledge broadly across different disciplines and methods.
Newtonianism, Relationality, and the Ethical Intersubjectivity of Time
Authors: Gantt Edwin E. , Purtschert Emily , Aguirre Kiara
Published: May 2024

Insufficient attention has been paid to the ways in which Newtonian conceptualizations of time encourage the view in contemporary psychology that only efficient causal explanations are viable, explanations that ultimately render meaningful, purposive, morally rich human actions and relationships illusory. In short, psychology’s pervasive adoption of Newtonian assumptions about time and causation renders the discipline incapable of understanding human behavior, its primary focus of study, in any but fundamentally inhuman ways. This paper aims (1) to provide a critique of the Newtonian conception of time and its commitment to efficient causality, particularly as commonly present in contemporary psychological theory and practice, and (2) to examine the phenomenological account of time provided in the work of Emmanuel Levinas. Specifically, we will explore some of the ways in which Levinas’ account of time as fundamentally intersubjective provides an alternative conceptual grounding for understanding the therapeutic relationship as one of infinite ethical responsibility.