bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Veterans With Diabetes Transition Study. Veterans Experience of the Process of Transition Following Active Duty Diagnosis
Authors: Malebranche Mark , Burkard Joseph , Georges Jane , Bittleman David
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Veterans face several potential difficulties upon leaving active duty. Among these is transition of healthcare to a different setting. The transition from active duty to veteran status is often a challenging time for veterans with diabetes. Changes in healthcare have been shown to decrease diabetes care compliance and diabetes self-management resulting in exacerbation in diabetes symptoms and increased healthcare expenditure. A seamless transition in healthcare management from active duty to veteran status has the potential to maintain or increase diabetes self-management. A gap in the literature exists regarding the transition process between healthcare systems, including the DoD and VA. This paper describes the transition experience of a sample of veterans with diabetes from active duty to veteran status.

Materials and Methods

A qualitative study was designed to document the experience of veterans diagnosed with diabetes while on active duty. A semi-structured questionnaire developed for the study served to elicit each veteran participant’s general description of the transition process. Quantitative instruments S-TOFHLA and DDS were used as measurements of potential barriers to diabetes self-management and navigating or adjusting to a changed priority within a healthcare system.

Results

Two main themes, those of unplanned and undesired end of a military career and feeling prepared to leave the military, were expressed by participants. Four additional themes were also discovered. Responses to quantitative instruments lacked variability and did not allow for further analysis. Specifically, the S-TOFHLA indicated all participants had adequate health literacy and the DDS showed no distress from diabetes.

Conclusions

Study participants reported consistent compliance in diabetes self-management. Skills and attitudes obtained during military service led to participant’s desire to manage their healthcare with determination to cope with challenges accompanying diabetes. The healthcare transition process would benefit from additional exploration of veteran’s needs. Improved processes may facilitate the healthcare management transition of personnel with diabetes from active duty to veteran status.
Infant Feeding Practices, Workplace Breastfeeding/Lactation Practices, and Perception of Unit/Service Support Among Primiparous Active Duty Servicewomen
Authors: Abbott Jonathan , Carty Jenava , Batig Alison L
Published: January 2019

Introduction

Successful breastfeeding provides multiple health benefits to Servicewomen and their infants and has positive indirect benefits to the military. Workplace lactation support influences breastfeeding continuation after a Servicewoman’s return to work.

Materials and Methods

This study evaluated the breastfeeding practices and workplace breastfeeding support among primiparous women serving in the U.S. Army. The study was a subanalysis of a non-blinded randomized controlled trial designed to determine the effect of postpartum appointment timing (either 2–3 or 6–8 weeks after delivery) on breastfeeding rates 6 months post-delivery. Subanalysis results were obtained through a telephonic follow-up survey 5–6 months after delivery; Servicewomen were queried to assess their breastfeeding/lactation practices and perception of unit and service support.

Results

Eighty of the 97 (82.5%) enrolled Servicewomen participated in the survey. Among respondents, 43.8% were still breastfeeding and 93.6% of those indicated an intent to breastfeed for a duration of 6 months or longer. Among respondents who provided feedback on their workplace, unit, and Army support for breastfeeding/lactation, only 13% reported they had access to a private room, sink, and refrigerator; 53% of respondents felt “mostly” or “very” supported by their assigned unit and 50% felt “mostly” or “very” supported by the Army.

Conclusion

While almost half of the respondents were still breastfeeding and planned to continue 5–6 months postpartum and the majority of respondents felt “mostly” or “very” supported in their breastfeeding by their unit and the Army, comprehensive physical support for lactation in the workplace was inconsistent. This study provides feedback to inform ongoing implementation of the existing Army breastfeeding support directive.
The Role of Sleep in Human Performance and Well-Being
Authors: Shattuck Nita Lewis , Matsangas Panagiotis , Mysliwiec Vincent , Creamer Jennifer L.
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores the influence of sleep on human performance and well-being. A general discussion of the role of sleep in humans is followed by a description of the functions of various stages of sleep. The authors explore causal factors of insufficient sleep and inventory known effects of sleep restriction on human performance. They then describe the particular challenges of fatigue and sleep deprivation in military operational environments. The efficacy of fatigue countermeasures and alertness aids commonly used in military settings is presented. The chapter concludes with an argument for more deliberately protecting and promoting sleep, particularly in vulnerable populations such as shiftworkers.
Alternative Futures
Authors: Luke Christina
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores heritage landscapes through the lens of extractive economies and jurisdiction of forests and archaeological zones. This new body politic rallies around economic profit that is bolstered by Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs, which enhance opportunities for social mobility and higher standards of living. Case studies explore the industries of marble and gold in the context of intangible and tangible heritage. Willful ignorance gives tacit approval for continued environmental degradation and erasure of archaeological heritage under the rhetoric of economic security. The evidence is contemporary, drawing from international fairs, ethnographic research, and the bureaucracies of heritage statecraft.
Tuning in to Very Fast Events
Authors: Riess Jones Mari
Published: January 2019

This chapter demonstrates that entrainment applies to very fast events, namely sounds with high frequencies. To illustrate this, prominent approaches to pitch perception are sketched along with basic pitch perception phenomena (e.g., virtual pitch perception). In this chapter, multiple frequency components comprise a single complex sound, and people must judge the pitch of this collection of frequencies. Both a successful psychoacoustic theory of pitch perception and a dynamic attending approach offer valid explanations of various phenomena surrounding the pitch of such sounds. This suggests the potential of entrainment in describing pitch perception (i.e., entrainments at fast time scales). The perception of consonance and dissonance is also considered, where dissonance is linked to complex synchronicities termed attractors. Finally, this chapter introduces oscillator clusters, a group of endogenously entrained oscillations.
Learning Time Patterns
Authors: Riess Jones Mari
Published: January 2019

This chapter is important in that it lays a foundation for claims throughout this book that entrainment serves a platform for learning. In this chapter, this idea is developed in the context of learning categories of meter (e.g., duple meter vs. triple meter). The key difference is that entrainment depends on coupling parameters supplied by external driving rhythm force, whereas learning depends on a binding parameter which is strengthened simply by repeated synchronous activity of two or more oscillations. Against a backdrop of evidence indicating that musicians especially possess skill in recognizing metric categories, this chapter develops the coupling–binding distinction with the aim of showing that what people learn when exposed to metrical time patterns are global attractors instilled by learning a variety of different instances in a given metric category.
Concluding Speculations
Authors: Riess Jones Mari
Published: January 2019

This final chapter is speculative. It addresses the entrainment assumptions of universality and resonance by reviewing the natural environments of a range of different species, from crickets to whales. The idea is that sensitivity to both rate and rhythm across different species is support for assuming natural driving rhythms exist that facilitate entrainment in a wide range of other species. Also discussed are two artifactual environments experienced by humans: namely, that of laboratory studies that artificially control stimulus timing and the contemporary machine-driven environment of computers and iPhones. The latter are speculated to lead to a sporadic habitat based on fast irregular (artifactual) driving rhythms.
Observing Inequalities
Authors: Tomaskovic-Devey Donald , Avent-Holt Dustin
Published: January 2019

This chapter advocates the development of comparative organizational research designs as the empirical basis for studying both the generic and contingent processes that generate inequality. After explaining where past quantitative and qualitative researchers have gone wrong, it goes on to examine and promote contemporary comparative organizational research designs. Two in-depth case studies highlight the intersection between a relational inequality theoretical approach and comparative organizational research designs. The first examines organizational variation quantitatively, highlighting the roles of categorical intersectionality, organizational practices, and US and Australian national political economic institutions in expanding and contracting workplace class inequalities. The second focuses on three qualitative case studies of claims-making over surgical training regimes, highlighting the role of institutionalized power, gendered struggles, and cultural framing in contestation over status and divisions of labor. Finally, the chapter examines the potential of comparative meta-analyses across existing single-organization case studies for generating generic theories about relational inequalities.
Orphic Traditions and the Birth of the Gods
Authors: Meisner Dwayne A.
Published: January 2019

Orphic Tradition and the Birth of the Gods is a literary history that attempts to reconstruct the fragments of four theogonies that were attributed to the legendary singer Orpheus: the Derveni, Eudemian, Hieronyman, and Rhapsodic Theogonies. Most modern scholars have described these poems as if they were similar to Hesiod’s Theogony—lengthy chronological accounts of the births of the gods from the beginning of time to the present—but this book suggests that a better model for understanding how these poems were composed is to see each of them as an individual product of bricolage (as explained by Claude Lévi-Strauss), rather than as items in the stemma of a static manuscript tradition (as reconstructed by Martin West). The Orphic tradition was more fluid and fragmented than modern reconstructions would lead one to believe, but in these four Orphic theogonies certain features stand out, such as points of comparison with Near Eastern myths, the continuous discourse between Orphic poetry and philosophy, and speculations on the nature of the gods in ways that generated unique deities and new narratives. A study of Orphic theogonies reveals that the Orphic myths of Phanes and Zeus were no less important than the Orphic myth of Dionysus.
Citizenship and Cyber Politics in Iran
Authors: Khiabany Gholam
Published: January 2019

All developments in relation to the Internet and cyberspace in Iran have occurred in a highly politicized post-revolutionary environment. Yet the central issue is not the obvious and crude divide between a ‘traditional’ and ‘religious’ state and ‘modern’ technology, since that very state has adopted new information technologies. There are two more subtle lines of tension running through Internet development and digital activism in Iran.  The first is the centralizing state’s desire to control expression in a ‘new technology’ environment that is highly conducive to widespread and popular participation. The second is the centralizing state’s desire to orchestrate and manage the slow development of the private sector and the inhibitions placed on entrepreneurial ICT activity in a field that has made net millionaires in other parts of the world. This chapter examines the relationship between the internet and politics in Iran. It engages with the possible lessons of digital activism, examines various organizational and media strategies, and factors in broader internal and external issues that help or hinder the growth or success of rebellion against regressive and repressive state and policies, and then moves on to explore the expansion of the Internet in the country in its wider social context.
Comparing Youth Transitions in Europe
Authors: O’Reilly Jacqueline , Leschke Janine , Ortlieb Renate , Seeleib-Kaiser Martin , Villa Paola
Published: January 2019

This introductory chapter outlines the key trends and debates concerning the rapid growth of youth unemployment and early career labor market insecurity in Europe. It discusses new forms of segmentation and the distinction between “poorly integrated youth” and those “left behind” in relation to gender, ethnicity, and class inequalities. The chapter begins by contextualizing European youth employment trends. Subsequently, it examines how European countries have performed in relation to integrating young people into work, as captured by the use of different indicators and typologies in comparative research on youth transition regimes. It points to how these types of analysis affect policy debates. Providing an overview of the contributions to this volume, it suggests that an inclusive analysis of both the sphere of social reproduction and economic production are required to improve our understanding of youth labor market transitions and insecurity since the Great Recession.
Electronic Inspirations
Authors: Iverson Jennifer
Published: January 2019

Cold War electronic music—made with sine tone and white-noise generators, filters, and magnetic tape—was the driving force behind the evolution of both electronic and acoustic music in the second half of the twentieth century. Electronic music blossomed at the Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR [West German Radio]) in Cologne in the 1950s, when technologies were plentiful and the need for cultural healing was great. Building an electronic studio, West Germany confronted the decimation of the “Zero Hour” and began to rebuild its cultural prowess. The studio’s greatest asset was its laboratory culture, where composers worked under a paradigm of invisible collaboration with technicians, scientists, performers, intellectuals, and the machines themselves. Composers and their invisible collaborators repurposed military machinery in studio spaces that were formerly fascist broadcasting propaganda centers. Composers of Cold War electronic music reappropriated information theory and experimental phonetics, creating aesthetic applications from military discourses. In performing such reclamations, electronic music optimistically signaled cultural growth and progress, even as it also sonified technophobic anxieties. Electronic music—a synthesis of technological, scientific, and aesthetic discourses—was the ultimate Cold War innovation, and its impacts reverberate today.
Slave Traders by Invitation
Authors: Fuglestad Finn
Published: January 2019

The small Slave Coast between the river Volta and Lagos, and especially its central part around Ouidah, was the epicentre of the slave trade in West Africa. But it was also an inhospitable, surf-ridden coastline, subject to crashing breakers and devoid of permanent human settlement. Nor was it easily accessible from the interior due to a lagoon which ran parallel to the coast. The local inhabitants were not only sheltered against incursions from the sea, but were also locked off from it. Yet, paradoxically, this small coastline witnessed a thriving long-term commercial relationship between Europeans and Africans, based on the trans-Atlantic slave trade. How did it come about? How was it all organized? Dahomey is usually cited as the Slave Coast's archetypical slave raiding and slave trading polity. An originally inland realm, it was a latecomer to the slave trade, and simply incorporated a pre-existing system by dint of military prowess, which ultimately was to prove radically counterproductive. Dahomey, which never controlled more than half of the region we call the Slave Coast, represented an anomaly in the local setting, an anomaly the author seeks to define and to explain.
India’s Porous State
Authors: Sinha Aseema
Published: January 2019

This chapter presents evidence and a theory to understand the current topography of the business-politics relationship in India. Such a theory helps us understand a dual movement: the emergence of a new developmental state as well as the movement of business inside democratic institutions even as India’s political actors engage in numerous business activities. The state has become more porous as business has moved into diverse institutions. Both corrupt and legitimate development activities take place in the shadow of this porous state. The chapter maps the presence of business actors within legislative bodies, parties, independent agencies, and other public agencies to document this trend. Joint-decision arenas such as public private partnerships are key to this business-state compact. Brokers and agents such as key personalities and business associations mediate and move between blurred boundaries of state and regulatory institutions. Politicians have become businessmen and create both laws and invest in business enterprises.
Opera in the Jazz Age
Authors: Wilson Alexandra
Published: January 2019

Opera in the Jazz Age examines the place of opera in the contemporary ‘battle of the brows’: a debate, prompted by the growth of the mass entertainment industry, about the extent to which art forms ought to be labelled ‘highbrow’, ‘middlebrow’, or ‘lowbrow’. The book considers this question from a number of viewpoints, examining topics including: the audience for opera during the period; opera’s interactions with forms of popular culture including jazz, film, and middlebrow novels; and the ways in which different types and nationalities of opera were categorised differently. A number of significant figures in the highbrow–lowbrow debate are scrutinised, among them highbrow and middlebrow critics, the mythical figure of the ‘man in the street’, and the much reviled celebrity singer. The book explains how modern technological dissemination methods such as gramophone recordings and broadcasting came to bear upon questions of cultural categorisation, as did contemporary anxieties about national identity. The book concludes that opera was very difficult to categorise according to the new terms: for some commentators it was too highbrow; for others not highbrow enough. Examining the battle of the brows through an operatic lens challenges received wisdom by revealing the fault lines in this supposedly definitive system of cultural categorisation, undermining any simplistic binary between the high and the low. More broadly, the book also gives a detailed account of British operatic culture of the 1920s from the perspectives of performance, staging, opera-going, and criticism.
Undocumented Storytellers
Authors: Bishop Sarah C.
Published: January 2019

By projecting their stories into the public arena, undocumented storytellers refute mainstream discourse, trade anonymous narratives for individuality, and reveal the determination of those who elsewhere have been vilified by stereotype and presupposition. Taking a holistic approach to the role of storytelling in the immigrant rights movement, Bishop chronicles the ways young people uncover their lack of legal status experientially—through interactions with parents, in attempts to pursue rites of passage reserved for citizens, and as audiences of political and popular media. She provides both theoretical and pragmatic contextualization as activist narrators recount the experiences that influenced their decisions to cultivate public voices. Undocumented Storytellers offers a critical exploration of the ways undocumented immigrants harness the power of storytelling as a means of self-actualization, to mitigate the fear and uncertainty of life without legal status, and to advocate immigration reform. The book draws from a mixed methodology of forty in-depth interviews with undocumented immigrants from eighteen unique nations of origin, critical-rhetorical ethnographies of immigrant rights events and protests, and narrative analysis of immigrant-produced digital media to interrogate the power and limitations of autobiographical narrative activism. Offering an unparalleled view into the ways immigrants’ stories appear online, this book illuminates the power and limitations of digital narrative strategies by detailing how undocumented storytellers reframe their messages when stories have unintended consequences. The resulting work provides broad insights into the role of strategic framing and autobiographical story-sharing in advocacy and social movements.
Brazilian Portuguese rhotics in poem reciting
Authors: Madureira Sandra
Published: January 2019

Rhotics are diverse in nature and conditioning factors. In this work the use of Brazilian Portuguese rhotic varieties in the context of recitation of a poem by a professional actor is analyzed and articulatory and acoustic descriptions of the Brazilian Portuguese rhotic varieties are provided. The choice of varieties in the analyzed speech data is interpreted as deriving from the shaping of acoustic characteristics so as to produce impressive meaningful effects. These effects are achieved through the symbolic use of sound, and the fact that sounds are sense-impressive and meaning-expressive is taken to be the foundation of speech expressivity.
Production of French close rounded vowels by Spanish learners
Authors: Racine Isabelle , Detey Sylvain
Published: January 2019

This chapter introduces the corpus-based L;2 French phonology research program Interphonologie du Français Contemporain (IPFC, Interphonology of Contemporary French) and provides an illustration of its methodological approach with a population of Spanish university students learning French as an L;2. For these learners the phonemic contrast between the two close rounded French vowels /y/ and /u/ is known to be difficult to acquire, but most studies in the past relied only on acoustic analyses of laboratory speech data elicited from rather few subjects. Within the IPFC framework, on the basis of a single multitask survey protocol for all populations of learners of L;2 French to ensure data comparability, data processing is carried out with an ad hoc auditory coding procedure which integrates contextual information and target-likeness assessment. In this chapter the results of three different approaches to process the /y-u/ Spanish production data are compared.
The Politics of the Anthropocene
Authors: Dryzek John S. , Pickering Jonathan
Published: January 2019

The Politics of the Anthropocene is a sophisticated yet accessible treatment of how human institutions, practices, and principles need to be re-thought in response to the challenges of the Anthropocene, the emerging epoch of human-induced instability in the Earth system and its life-support capacities. However, the world remains stuck with practices and modes of thinking that were developed in the Holocene – the epoch of around 12,000 years of unusual stability in the Earth system, toward the end of which modern institutions such as states and capitalist markets arose. These institutions persist despite their potentially catastrophic failure to respond to the challenges of the Anthropocene, foremost among them a rapidly changing climate and accelerating biodiversity loss. The pathological trajectories of these institutions need to be disrupted by advancing ecological reflexivity: the capacity of structures, systems, and sets of ideas to question their own core commitments, and if necessary change themselves, while listening and responding effectively to signals from the Earth system. This book envisages a world in which humans are no longer estranged from the Earth system but engage with it in a more productive relationship. We can still pursue democracy, social justice, and sustainability – but not as before. In future, all politics should be first and foremost a politics of the Anthropocene. The arguments are developed in the context of issues such as climate change, biodiversity, and global efforts to address sustainability.
Miscellaneous Order
Authors: Vine Angus
Published: January 2019

This book examines one of the most pervasive, but also perplexing, textual phenomena of the early modern world: the manuscript miscellany. Faced with serial problems of definition, categorization, and (often conflicting) terminology, modern scholars have tended to dismiss the miscellany as disorganized and chaotic. Miscellaneous Order radically challenges that view by uncovering the various forms of organization and order previously hidden in early modern manuscript books. Drawing on original literary and historical research, and examining both the materiality of early modern manuscripts and their contents, this book sheds new light on the transcriptive and archival practices of early modern Britain, as well as on the broader intellectual context of manuscript culture and its scholarly afterlives. Based on extensive archival research, and interdisciplinary in both subject and matter, it focuses on the myriad kinds of miscellaneous manuscript compiled and produced in the early modern era. Showing that the miscellany was essential to the organization of knowledge across a range of genres and disciplines, from poetry to science, and from recipe books to accounts, Miscellaneous Order proposes a new model for understanding the proliferation of manuscript material in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. By restoring attention to ‘miscellaneous order’ in this way, it shows that we have fundamentally misunderstood how many early modern men and women read, wrote, and thought. Rather than a textual form characterized by an absence of order, the miscellany, it argues, operated as an epistemically and aesthetically productive system throughout the early modern period.
The Record Keeper
Authors: Corens Liesbeth
Published: January 2019

This chapter reflects on the ways in which past conceptions of mobility have shaped our knowledge and understanding of expatriate Catholics. Through a study of the multiple English Catholic record-collecting projects which converged in the decades around 1700, this chapter explores the roles of scholarship, archives, and written memory for a dispersed community. Understanding the collections not as neutral repositories, but as processes and practices indicates their role in sustaining their scattered community. Through commemoration, they consciously tried to maintain the continuity of their community, despite their dispersal across England and Europe. Behind that preoccupation with their uninterrupted line of English Catholics and English Catholic practices lay a commitment to returning England to the Catholic fold.
Epistemic Postures
Authors: Cassam Quassim
Published: January 2019

Epistemic insouciance is an epistemic vice that takes the form of an affective epistemic posture. Epistemic insouciance is the epistemic vice behind bullshit in Harry Frankfurt’s sense. Epistemic insouciance, which consists in a casual lack of concern about whether one’s beliefs have any basis in reality or adequate evidential support, is different from epistemic malevolence. The latter is a voluntarily adopted epistemic stance rather than an affective posture. Epistemic malevolence, defined by Jason Baehr as opposition to knowledge as such or to another person’s share of knowledge, is illustrated by reference to what Naomi Oreskes and Erik Conway refer to as the ‘tobacco strategy’.
Tracing the Late Viking Age and Medieval Butter Economy
Authors: Critch Aaron J. , Harland Jennifer F. , Barrett James H.
Published: January 2019

Easily preserved and high in energy, butter was a reliable foodstuff during the medieval period for northerners vulnerable to short growing seasons and occasional crop failure. This chapter assesses the value of butter as commodity-money in late Viking Age and medieval Orkney, and advances new methodologies to aid the identification of perishable foodstuffs used in payments. It reviews documentary evidence for payments in butter, which indicates that farms produced butter not only to meet their own needs, but also to pay taxes, rents, and tithes. It then proposes a means of identifying butter payment in the archaeological record. It argues that zooarchaeological and other bioarchaeological evidence from excavated farm sites can elucidate the strategies employed in raising dairy animals, allowing the identification of sites that probably produced high quantities of butter. This is demonstrated through an investigation of local subsistence strategies at Quoygrew, a settlement of farmers and fishers on the island of Westray in Orkney.
Cosmic Spacequakes
Authors: Mee Nicholas
Published: January 2019

The fourth gravitational wave signal detected by LIGO GW170817 coincided with a short gamma ray burst and these signals have been interpreted as the result of a binary neutron star merger. It is thought that gold and other heavy elements are produced in binary neutron star collisions and the GW170817 event has provided support for this idea. Further evidence that heavy elements are produced in extremely rare events such as binary neutron star mergers has been deduced from the scarcity of these elements in dwarf galaxies. The Reticulum II dwarf galaxy is an exceptional case that does contain heavy elements that might have been created in a single such event.
Ancient Rome and Victorian Masculinity
Authors: Eastlake Laura
Published: January 2019

Ancient Rome and Victorian Masculinity examines Victorian receptions of ancient Rome from the French Revolution to the First World War, with a specific focus on how those receptions were deployed to create useable models of masculinity. Romans in Victorian literature were at once pagan persecutors, pious statesmen, pleasure-seeking decadents, and heroes of empire. The Roman parallel was used to capture the martial virtue of Wellington just as it was used to condemn the deviance and degeneracy of Oscar Wilde. Using approaches from literary and cultural studies, reception studies, and gender studies, this book is the first comprehensive examination of the importance of ancient Rome for Victorian ideas about masculinity. With chapters on education, politics, empire, and late Victorian decadence, it makes sense of the manifold and often contradictory representations of Rome—as distinct from Greece—in authors like Wilkie Collins, Anthony Trollope, H. Rider Haggard, Rudyard Kipling, and others.
Taking Plantinga Seriously
Authors: Westphal Merold
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, Merold Westphal suggests that Christian philosophers pay more attention to their other audience, the Church, that they reflect on ways in which their situation is similar to that of feminist philosophers, and that they seek to transcend not only the foundationalism and evidentialism of modernity, but also to go beyond its monological concept of reason to a dialogical concept. Finally, and at greater length, Westphal suggests that Christian philosophers abandon the widespread assumption that the coin of their realm is propositions, assuming too easily that we have already transcended Plato’s cave when we start our work and speak a language that is no natural language. The bearing of this issue on the realism/anti-realism issue and on the relation of metaphysics to both politics and spirituality is explored.
Christian Phenomenology
Authors: Hart Kevin
Published: January 2019

Christian phenomenology is irreducible to philosophical phenomenology. It begins by considering the testimony of Scripture, especially what is said about “world” and “kingdom,” and attends, in particular, to the parables of Jesus. Accordingly, Hart proposes the idea of a Basilaic reduction, which is not a movement inwards, as one finds from Augustine to Husserl, but rather a passage from “world” to “kingdom.” The philosophical questions “what?” and “why?” give way to the phenomenological question “how?” Christian phenomenology is about passing to the question “how?” in the sense of “How am I to live so as to please the Father of Jesus?”
Christian Philosophy and Disability Advocacy
Authors: Timpe Kevin
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, Kevin Timpe explores a number of similarities between one approach to Christian philosophy and disability advocacy. Both tasks are normatively loaded in that they assume certain views about truth, the good life, the extant and source of value. Both are hermeneutically situated, shaped by their historical contexts, and as a result are also developmental—i.e., the particular normative agenda changes as the context develops. Finally, Timpe argues that Christian philosophy and disability are inherently communal, both in that they’re done communally and also that they have communal effects.
Advice for Analytic Theologians
Authors: Dougherty Trent
Published: January 2019

Extending the model of Alvin Plantinga’s “Advice to Christian Philosophers,” in this chapter, Trent Dougherty offers his own “advice” to those working in the emerging field of analytic theology. Through a series of specific suggestions regarding the best practices of analytic theology, Dougherty describes some of the Christian’s community-specific projects that stand in need of attention, and then issues a call to Christians—of all stations of academic rank—to attend to these problems. Partly an exercise in “practical theology” itself, this chapter seeks to be sensitive to the real-world problems connected to how students of analytic theology find themselves situated.
‘Why Do We Still Sift the Husk-Like Upaniṣads?’
Authors: Lutjeharms Rembert
Published: January 2019

Examining the Padyāvalī of the preeminent Gaudiya theologian Rupa Gosvami, Lutjeharms examines how Rupa creatively arranges both religious and non-religious verses by numerous poets into a dissertation that evinces intimate familiarity with Vedanta (particularly Advaita Vedanta), but ultimately establishes bhakti as being superior to Vedanta’s primary object, liberation. Redrawing the lines between Vedanta and Vaishnavism also affords Rupa the opportunity to distinguish Chaitanyaite theology from that of other Vaishnava sects like the Sri Vaishnava Sampraday, which had also wrestled with Vedanta in its own theological literature.
Archaeology and the Letters of Paul
Authors: Nasrallah Laura Salah
Published: January 2019

Through case studies of archaeological materials from local contexts, Archaeology and the Letters of Paul illuminates the social, political, economic, and religious lives of those whom the apostle Paul addressed. Roman Ephesos, a likely setting for the household of Philemon, provides evidence of the slave trade. An inscription from Galatia seeks to restrain traveling Roman officials, illuminating how the travels of Paul, Cephas, and others may have disrupted communities. At Philippi, a donation list from a Silvanus cult provides evidence of abundant giving amid economic limitations, paralleling practices of local Christ followers. In Corinth, a landscape of grief includes monuments and bones, a context that illumines Corinthian practices of baptism on behalf of the dead and the provocative idea that one could live “as if not” mourning. Rome and the Letter to the Romans are the grounds to investigate ideas of time and race not only in the first century, when we find an Egyptian obelisk inserted as a timepiece into Augustus’s mausoleum complex, but also of Mussolini’s new Rome. Thessalonikē demonstrates how letters, legend, and cult are invented out of a love for Paul, after his death. The book articulates a method for bringing together biblical texts with archaeological remains in order to reconstruct the lives of the many adelphoi—brothers and sisters—whom Paul and his co-writers address. It is informed by feminist historiography and gains inspiration from thinkers like Claudia Rankine, Judith Butler, Giorgio Agamben, Wendy Brown, and Katie Lofton.
Introduction
Authors: Adamson Peter
Published: January 2019

This introduction to the volume gives an overview of the chapters, setting out a case for integrating the history of philosophy with the history of medicine and sketching some of the key philosophical issues that arise around the concept of health. These include the difficulty of defining “health,” the mind-body relationship, and questions about how philosophy informs medical science and practice. A central idea is that the concept of health operates at two levels, the mental and the physical (or the soul and the body), so that ethical virtue and physical well-being have often been seen as parallel or mutually dependent.
Reflection
Authors: Jordanova Ludmilla
Published: January 2019

It is common enough to hear someone described as a “picture of health,” a compliment, possibly tinged with gendered assumptions, that hints at contentment and bonny appearance. The phrase has been used as a title for books on subjects such as sickness and inequality, advice for young girls, and health propaganda. “Picture of health” sounds straightforward, but once probed, it reveals many of the complexities of the concept “health.” What does “health” look like, especially if it is an ideal, a notion that tends to be future directed? Is it more than the absence of obvious illness? How does it vary from one person to another? How is it related to changing aesthetic ideals?...
Lysyl oxidase—a possible role in systemic sclerosis–associated pulmonary hypertension: a multicentre study
Authors: Vadasz Zahava , Balbir Gurman Alexandra , Meroni Pierluigi , Farge Dominique , Levi Yair , Ingegnoli Francesca , Braun-Moscovici Yolada , Rosner Itzhak , Slobodin Gleb , Rozenbaum Michael , Jiries Nizar , Kaly Lisa , Boulman Nina , Zilber Karina , Ginsberg Shira , Awisat Abid , Goldberg Yair , Lurie Michael , Ghigna Maria-Rosa , Guignabert Christophe , Humbert Marc , Rimar Doron
Published: January 2019

Objective

Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an extracellular enzyme that cross-links collagen fibrils. LOX was found to be increased in serum of SSc patients and was suggested to be related to skin fibrosis, yet a vascular source of LOX has been demonstrated in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH). We aimed to validate elevated LOX serum levels in SSc and to study its correlation with clinical characteristics and investigate its main source at the tissue level.

Methods

A total of 86 established SSc patients were compared with 86 patients with very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (VEDOSS), 110 patients with primary RP (PRP) and 80 healthy controls. LOX serum levels were determined by ELISA. Five lung and 12 skin biopsies from SSc patients were stained for LOX and compared with controls.

Results

Serum levels of LOX in SSc were significantly higher than in VEDOSS, PRP and healthy controls (P < 0.001). LOX inversely correlated with the diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) in diffuse SSc (r = −0.376, P = 0.02). Patients with moderate to severe estimated systolic PAH had higher LOX levels (P < 0.01). Lung biopsies demonstrated intense LOX staining in SSc patients with PAH that was predominantly located in the endothelium of the remodelled pulmonary vessels.

Conclusion

Serum LOX levels are increased in established SSc and inversely correlate with the DLCO. LOX is elevated in patients with moderate to severe PAH and is located in the proliferating endothelium in lung arterioles, suggesting a possible role for LOX in SSc-associated PAH.
Estranged Pioneers: The Case of African American and Asian American Multiracial Church Pastors
Authors: Edwards Korie L , Kim Rebecca
Published: January 2019

This article draws upon 121 in-depth interviews from the Religious Leadership and Diversity Project (RLDP)—a nationwide study of leadership of multiracial religious organizations in the United States—to examine what it means for African American and Asian American pastors to head multiracial churches. We argue that African American and Asian American pastors of multiracial churches are estranged pioneers. They have to leave the familiar to explore a new way of doing church, but their endeavors are not valued by their home religious communities. African American pastors face challenges to their authenticity as black religious leaders for leading multiracial congregations. Asian American pastors experience a sense of ambiguity that stems from a lack of clarity about what it means for them to lead multiracial congregations as Asian Americans. Yet, despite differences in how they experience this alienation, both are left to navigate a racialized society where they are perceived and treated as inferior to their white peers, which has profound personal and social implications for them.
Mgl2 Is a Hypothetical Methyltransferase Involved in Exopolysaccharide Production, Biofilm Formation, and Motility in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii
Authors: Marczak Małgorzata , Żebracki Kamil , Koper Piotr , Turska-Szewczuk Anna , Mazur Andrzej , Wydrych Jerzy , Wójcik Magdalena , Skorupska Anna
Published: January 2019

In this study, functional characterization of the mgl2 gene located near the Pss-I exopolysaccharide biosynthesis region in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii TA1 is described. The hypothetical protein encoded by the mgl2 gene was found to be similar to methyltransferases (MTases). Protein homology and template-based modeling facilitated prediction of the Mgl2 structure, which greatly resembled class I MTases with a S-adenosyl-L-methionine–binding cleft. The Mgl2 protein was engaged in exopolysaccharide, but not lipopolysaccharide, synthesis. The mgl2 deletion mutant produced exopolysaccharide comprised of only low molecular weight fractions, while overexpression of mgl2 caused overproduction of exopolysaccharide with a normal low to high molecular weight ratio. The deletion of the mgl2 gene resulted in disturbances in biofilm formation and a slight increase in motility in minimal medium. Red clover (Trifolium pratense) inoculated with the mgl2 mutant formed effective nodules, and the appearance of the plants indicated active nitrogen fixation. The mgl2 gene was preceded by an active and strong promoter. Mgl2 was defined as an integral membrane protein and formed homodimers in vivo; however, it did not interact with Pss proteins encoded within the Pss-I region. The results are discussed in the context of the possible involvement of the newly described potential MTase in various metabolic traits, such as the exopolysaccharide synthesis and motility that are important for rhizobial saprophytic and symbiotic relationships.
Proposed Changes to the Hospital Improvement Rule
Authors: Kritz Fran
Published: January 2019

Clarifications for nursing leadership and staffing are expected.
FDA Approves New Antiviral for Influenza
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S.
Published: January 2019

Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) is a newly approved antiviral drug to treat influenza. It works by decreasing influenza virus replication.

In clinical trials, baloxavir marboxil significantly decreased the duration of flu symptoms compared with placebo.

The drug is administered as a single oral dose. It should be given no more than 48 hours after the onset of flu symptoms.

Baloxavir marboxil should not be taken with dairy products, calcium-fortified beverages, laxatives, antacids, or oral supplements (such as iron, zinc, selenium, calcium, or magnesium), as these will decrease the circulating dose of the drug.
Ethical Considerations When Dismissing Patients for Noncompliance
Authors: Olsen Douglas P.
Published: January 2019

APRNs remain guided, first of all, by the ANA Code of Ethics.
Risk Factors for Lower-Extremity Injuries in Female Ballet Dancers: A Systematic Review
Authors: L. Biernacki Jessica , Stracciolini Andrea , Fraser Joana , J. Micheli Lyle , Sugimoto Dai
Published: January 2019

Background:

Ballet dancers have a high prevalence of injuries to the lower extremity. Many studies have investigated the relationship between dance injury and risk factors. However, risk factors for lower-extremity injury comparing recreational- and elite-level ballet dancers are scarce.

Objective:

To systematically review available original studies to assess risk factors for lower-extremity injury in female ballet dancers between recreational and elite ballet dancers.

Data Sources:

Five online databases [Web of Science, PubMed, OVID (Medline), EBSCO, and ProQuest] were searched systematically.

Study Selection:

Included studies had an analytic study design published in the past 11 years and investigated an association between potential risk factors and lower-extremity injury in female ballet dancers.

Study Appraisal:

Assessed independently by 2 reviewers using the Downs and Black (DB) criteria and Oxford Centre of Evidence-Based Medicine.

Results:

Seventeen studies were included. Alignment was a risk factor for lower-extremity injury in both recreational and elite ballet dancers. In elite ballet dancers, poor lumbopelvic movement control, inappropriate transversus abdominis contraction, decreased lower-extremity strength, and poor aerobic fitness were risk factors for lower-extremity injury. In recreational ballet dancers, hypermobility of the hip and ankle and longer training hours were risk factors for lower-extremity injury. Mean DB score was 15.94 (SD 1.57). The majority of studies were retrospective cohort studies or had poor follow-up, with 7 level 2b studies, 6 level 3b studies (cross-sectional), and 4 level 1b studies (prospective cohort with good follow-up).

Conclusions:

Alignment was identified as a common risk factor for recreational and elite ballet dancers. Other risk factors differed between recreational ballet dancers and elite ballet dancers. Future studies are warranted to use a prospective study design, identify dance level–specific risk factors, and implement evidence-based prevention strategies.
Assessment of diaphragm motion using ultrasonography in a patient with facio-scapulo-humeral dystrophy
Authors: Fayssoil Abdallah , Stojkovic Tanya , Ogna Adam , Laforet Pascal , Prigent Helene , Lofaso Frederic , Orlikowski David , Bassez Guillaume , Eymard Bruno , Behin Anthony
Published: January 2019

Rationale:

Diaphragm is the main inspiratory respiratory muscle and little is known about diaphragm ultrasound in facio-scapula-humeral muscular dystrophy, a neuromuscular disease characterized by an asymmetric skeletal muscle involvement.

Patient concerns:

Diaphragm function evaluation

Diagnosis:

Diaphragm muscle weakness attested by the drop of vital capacity (VC) value from sitting position (74%) to supine position (46%).

Interventions:

A diaphragm ultrasound was performed in supine position, from the anterior subcostal window

Outcomes:

We found an opposite side to side hemi diaphragm displacement, either during sniff maneuver or during deep inspiration maneuver, showing a cranial abnormal reduced motion of the right hemi diaphragm whereas the left hemi diaphragm moved caudally.

Lessons:

Diaphragm weakness may be present with an asymmetric pattern and an opposite motion during inspiration or sniff manoeuver in facio-scapula-humeral muscular dystrophy. A future study with a systematic evaluation of a greater number of FSHD1 patients will be necessary to characterize this population.