bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of prognostic impact of anticoagulants in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction: direct oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists
Authors: Sakai Takahiro , Motoki Hirohiko , Fuchida Aya , Takeuchi Takahiro , Otagiri Kyuhachi , Kanai Masafumi , Kimura Kazuhiro , Minamisawa Masatoshi , Yoshie Koji , Saigusa Tatsuya , Ebisawa Soichiro , Okada Ayako , Kitabayashi Hiroshi , Kuwahara Koichiro
Published: January 2022

Although high thromboembolic risk was assumed in elderly patients with heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF), inadequate control of prothrombin time/international normalized ratio was often observed in patients using vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). We hypothesized that patients treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) would have a better outcome than those treated with VKAs. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of DOACs and VKAs in elderly patients with HF and AF. We retrospectively analyzed data from a multicenter, prospective observational cohort study. A total of 1036 patients who were hospitalized for acute decompensated HF were enrolled. We assessed 329 patients aged > 65 years who had non-valvular AF and divided them into 2 groups according to the anticoagulant therapy they received. A subgroup analysis was performed using renal dysfunction based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; mL/min/1.73 m2). The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were non-cardiovascular death or stroke. The median follow-up period was 730 days (range 334–1194 days). The primary outcome was observed in 84 patients; non-cardiovascular death, in 25 patients; and stroke, in 14 patients. The Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that all-cause mortality was significantly lower in the DOAC group than in the VKA group (log-rank p = 0.033), whereas the incidence rates of non-cardiovascular death (log-rank p = 0.171) and stroke (log-rank p = 0.703) were not significantly different in the crude population. DOAC therapy was not associated with lower mortality in the crude population (log-rank p = 0.146) and in the eGFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 subgroup (log-rank p = 0.580). However, DOAC therapy was independently associated with lower mortality after adjustments for age, diabetes mellitus, and albumin level (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.30–0.99; p = 0.045) in the eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 subgroup. Compared with VKA therapy, DOAC therapy was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality in the elderly HF patients with AF and renal dysfunction.
The role of biopsy in diagnosing infection after hip and knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis
Authors: Li Cheng , Margaryan Donara , Perka Carsten , Trampuz Andrej
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Early diagnosis of periprosthetic hip and knee infection still represents a major challenge, as no single test can achieve ideal results. Currently, multiple preoperative indicators were performed to diagnose periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) to confirm or exclude infection in the early stage. However, the diagnostic value of biopsy-related tests in diagnosing periprosthetic hip and knee infection remains unclear.

Materials and methods

Publications in PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science databases were searched systematically until October 2020. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for screening biopsy-related studies of the diagnosis of periprosthetic hip and knee infection.

Results

Three biopsy-related tests were identified in 14 articles and further analyzed in the present meta-analysis. The combined method had the highest value for the area under the curve (0.9805), followed by histology (0.9425) and microbiological tests (0.9292). In the subgroup, statistical differences were identified in sensitivity and specificity for PJI diagnosis between the synovial fluid culture and biopsy culture group, as well as in the biopsy-related combined method and serum C-reactive protein.

Conclusions

Biopsy culture does not appear to be advantageous compared to synovial fluid culture in the preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic hip and knee infection. In contrast, combined biopsy microbial culture with histology analysis shows great potential in improving the preoperative diagnosis of PJI. The standard procedure of biopsy needs to be further explored. Further research is required to verify our results.
Don’t forget about tau: the effects of ApoE4 genotype on Alzheimer’s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in subjects with mild cognitive impairment—data from the Dementia Competence Network
Authors: Benson Gloria S. , Bauer Chris , Hausner Lucrezia , Couturier Samuel , Lewczuk Piotr , Peters Oliver , Hüll Michael , Jahn Holger , Jessen Frank , Pantel Johannes , Teipel Stefan J. , Wagner Michael , Schuchhardt Johannes , Wiltfang Jens , Kornhuber Johannes , Frölich Lutz
Published: January 2022

﻿ApoE4, the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has been shown to be associated with both beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathology, with the strongest evidence for effects on Aβ, while the association between ApoE4 and tau pathology remains inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate the associations between ApoE4 with CSF Aβ42, total tau (t-tau), phospho-tau181 (p-tau), and with the progression of decline in a large cohort of MCI subjects, both progressors to AD and other dementias, as well as non-progressors. We analyzed associations of CSF Aβ42, p-tau and t-tau with ApoE4 allele frequency cross-sectionally and longitudinally over 3 years of follow-up in 195 individuals with a diagnosis of MCI-stable, MCI-AD converters and MCI progressing to other dementias from the German Dementia Competence Network. In the total sample, ApoE4 carriers had lower concentrations of CSF Aβ42, and increased concentrations of t-tau and p-tau compared to non-carriers in a gene dose-dependent manner. Comparisons of these associations stratified by MCI-progression groups showed a significant influence of ApoE4 carriership and diagnostic group on all CSF biomarker levels. The effect of ApoE4 was present in MCI-stable individuals but not in the other groups, with ApoE4 + carriers having decreased CSF Aβ 42 levels, and increased concentration of t-tau and p-tau. Longitudinally, individuals with abnormal t-tau and Aβ42 had a more rapid progression of cognitive and clinical decline, independently of ApoE4 genotype. Overall, our results contribute to an emerging framework in which ApoE4 involves mechanisms associated with both CSF amyloid-β burden and tau aggregation at specific time points in AD pathogenesis.
Kluft-Matrix-Interaktion als bedeutendes Merkmal des Stofftransportes im karbonatisch gebundenen Luxemburger Sandstein
Authors: Thielen Claude , Rüde Thomas R.
Published: January 2022

Der Luxemburger Sandstein ist eine kalkgebundene Sandsteinfazies, die sich während des frühen Jura auf einem flachmarinen Schelf abgelagert hat. Mit seinem ausgezeichneten Porenanteil bildet er das wichtigste Grundwasservorkommen Luxemburgs, besitzt durch seine Klüfte und deren Bedeutung für den Grundwassertransport jedoch einen komplexen Stofftransport. Diese Arbeit untersucht mithilfe von Laborexperimenten die Kluft-Matrix-Interaktion und ihre Auswirkung auf den Stofftransport im oberflächennahen Aquifer. An Bohrkernen und frisch gebrochenem Material aus einem Steinbruch werden Matrixparameter wie Porenvolumen, effektiver Diffusionskoeffizient, Durchlässigkeitsbeiwert und Porendurchmesser ermittelt. Der Stofftransport und die Interaktion der Matrix mit den Klüften als vorrangigem Transportweg werden in einem Einzelkluftversuch im Labormaßstab mit Tracerversuchen untersucht. Der Stoffaustrag lässt sich auf die Rückdiffusion aus der Matrix in das Kluftwasser, die Durchströmung poröser Matrix-Kluft-Randzonen sowie der Kluft selbst zurückführen.
Affine-Invariant Ensemble Transform Methods for Logistic Regression
Authors: Pidstrigach Jakiw , Reich Sebastian
Published: January 2022

We investigate the application of ensemble transform approaches to Bayesian inference of logistic regression problems. Our approach relies on appropriate extensions of the popular ensemble Kalman filter and the feedback particle filter to the cross entropy loss function and is based on a well-established homotopy approach to Bayesian inference. The arising finite particle evolution equations as well as their mean-field limits are affine-invariant. Furthermore, the proposed methods can be implemented in a gradient-free manner in case of nonlinear logistic regression and the data can be randomly subsampled similar to mini-batching of stochastic gradient descent. We also propose a closely related SDE-based sampling method which again is affine-invariant and can easily be made gradient-free. Numerical examples demonstrate the appropriateness of the proposed methodologies.
Evaluation of admission levels of P, E and L selectins as predictors for thrombosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Watany Mona M. , Abdou Saied , Elkolaly Reham , Elgharbawy Nashwa , Hodeib Hossam
Published: January 2022

Thromboembolic complications are the most reported cause of death in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Hypercoagulability, platelets activation and endotheliopathy are well-recognized features in COVID-19 patients. The aim of this work was to evaluate circulating soluble selectins P, E and L at the time of hospital admission as predictors for upcoming thrombosis. This retrospective study included 103 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 50 healthy volunteer controls. COVID-19 patients were categorized into two groups; group 1 who developed thrombosis during hospitalization and group 2 who did not. Soluble selectins were quantitated using ELISA technique. Higher levels of sP-selectin, sE-selectin and sL-selectin were detected in COVID-19 patients compared to controls. Furthermore, significantly higher levels were found in group 1 compared to group 2. Their means were [5.86 ± 1.72 ng/mL vs. 2.51 ± 0.81 ng/mL]; [50 ± 8.57 ng/mL vs. 23.96 ± 6.31 ng/mL] and [4.66 ± 0.83 ng/mL vs. 2.95 ± 0.66 ng/mL] for sP-selectin, sE-selectin and sL-selectin respectively. The elevated selectins correlated with the currently used laboratory biomarkers of disease severity. After adjustment of other factors, sP-selectin, sE-selectin and sL-selectin were independent predictors for thrombosis. At sP-selectin ≥ 3.2 ng/mL, sE-selectin ≥ 32.5 ng/mL and sL-selectin ≥ 3.6 ng/mL thrombosis could be predicted with 97.1%, 97.6% and 96.5% sensitivity. A panel of the three selectins provided 100% clinical sensitivity. Admission levels of circulating soluble selectins P, E and L can predict thrombosis in COVID-19 patients and could be used to identify patients who need prophylactic anticoagulants. E-selectin showed a superior clinical performance, as thrombo-inflammation biomarker, to the most commonly studied P-selectin.
Heterogeneous impacts of climate change on crop yields across altitudes in Ethiopia
Authors: Ginbo Tsegaye
Published: January 2022

Impacts of climate change can differ from one region to another. We combine the household-level panel data with weather and climate data to examine the heterogeneity of the impacts of climate change on crop yields across different crops and agro-ecologies in Ethiopia. Our results show that climate change will induce an increase in coffee and teff yields by 31% and 8.3%, respectively, at high altitudes by the years 2041–2060 compared to 1988–2018, under a medium emissions scenario. Conversely, it will reduce coffee yield by 3% at low altitudes, and barley, maize, and wheat yield by 22.7%, 48%, and 10%, respectively, at high altitudes. These findings suggest that tailoring agricultural development programs and climate adaptation strategies to address location and crop-specific sensitivity to climate change may help to build resilience and improve the livelihood of smallholder farmers.
Creativity and vocational identity in late adolescence. A study using the person-centred approach
Authors: Sica Luigia Simona , Di Palma Tiziana , Fusco Luca , Aleni Sestito Laura , Ragozini Giancarlo
Published: January 2022

The link between identity and creativity has received attention from developmental psychology only recently, even if these competences are also critical for the formation processes of vocational identity, mainly during late adolescence when young people have to define plans for their professional future. The current study aims at identifying typologies of ‘creativity–vocational identity interplay’ in 190 late adolescence. Using a person-centred approach, our findings confirm the relationship between vocational identity and creativity identifying a two-cluster solution with differences in terms of creativity processes involved in the formation of vocational identity.
The Prevalence and Correlates of Gambling in Australian Secondary School Students
Authors: Freund Megan , Noble Natasha , Hill David , White Victoria , Evans Tiffany , Oldmeadow Christopher , Guerin Nicola , Sanson-Fisher Robert
Published: January 2022

Youth gambling is associated with a range of harms. This study aimed to examine, among Australian adolescents, the prevalence of gambling (ever, in the last month, at-risk and problem), the most frequent gambling types and modalities, and to explore the student characteristics associated with gambling in the last month and with at-risk or problem gambling. Students aged 12–17 years from Victoria and Queensland answered gambling questions as part of the Australian Secondary School Alcohol and Drug (ASSAD) Survey in 2017. The ASSAD also included a series of questions about smoking, alcohol and other drug use, and mental health. A total of 6377 students from 93 schools were included in analysis. The prevalence of ever gambling and gambling in the last month was 31% and 6% respectively. Of students who had gambled in the last month, 34% were classified as at-risk and 15% were classified as problem gamblers. The most frequent types of gambling in the last month were horse or dog race and sports betting. Students who gambled in the last month did so most frequently via a parent or guardian purchasing or playing for them, at home or at a friends’ house, and online or using an app. Regression analysis indicated that male gender, having money available to spend on self, alcohol consumption in the last seven days, the number of types of advertisements seen in the last month, and the number of peer or family members who gambled in the last month, were significantly associated with the likelihood of students gambling in the last month. Male gender, some age categories, and exposure to more types of gambling advertising were also significant predictors of being classified as an at-risk or problem gambler. This large study of youth gambling provides data on gambling behaviours and related variables from a large sample of Australian secondary school students. Student characteristics, including male gender and exposure to more types of gambling advertising, were associated with an increased likelihood of gambling in the last month and of being classified as an at-risk or problem gambler. Further implications of the study findings are discussed.
JRP analysis of synchronization loss between signals recording during bubble departures
Authors: Dzienis P. , Zaborowska I. , Mosdorf R.
Published: January 2022

The synchronization between the air pressure fluctuations and the depth of liquid penetration into the nozzle during bubble departures was investigated using joint recurrence quantification analysis. In the experiment, the bubbles were generated from a glass nozzle into distilled water. During the analysis, the recurrent rate coefficients were calculated for the depth of liquid penetration into the glass nozzle and pressure changes in the gas supply system. The study was conducted by two air volume flow rates, i.e. 0.023 l/min and 0.026 l/min. The air volume flow rates were selected so that the appearance and disappearance of period bubble departures were clearly visible. It has been shown that the synchronization of the pressure changes and the depth of liquid penetration appears when periodic changes in the depth of liquid penetration occur in a relatively long period of time. The process of changing the distance between the extremes of liquid penetration into the nozzle and pressure changes in the gas supply system was observed. It has been found that the decrease in the distance between these extremes is responsible for the appearance of periodic bubble departures. This behaviour has not been reported in previous papers. This process was modelled by numerical simulations.
Controlling pore-scale processes to tame subsurface biomineralization
Authors: Jimenez-Martinez Joaquin , Nguyen Jen , Or Dani
Published: January 2022

Microorganisms capable of biomineralization can catalyze mineral precipitation by modifying local physical and chemical conditions. In porous media, such as soil and rock, these microorganisms live and function in highly heterogeneous physical, chemical and ecological microenvironments, with strong local gradients created by both microbial activity and the pore-scale structure of the subsurface. Here, we focus on extracellular bacterial biomineralization, which is sensitive to external heterogeneity, and review the pore-scale processes controlling microbial biomineralization in natural and engineered porous media. We discuss how individual physical, chemical and ecological factors integrate to affect the spatial and temporal control of biomineralization, and how each of these factors contributes to a quantitative understanding of biomineralization in porous media. We find that an improved understanding of microbial behavior in heterogeneous microenvironments would promote understanding of natural systems and output in diverse technological applications, including improved representation and control of fluid mixing from pore to field scales. We suggest a range of directions by which future work can build from existing tools to advance each of these areas to improve understanding and predictability of biomineralization science and technology.
Supporting strategic and meta-strategic development of argument skill: the role of reflection
Authors: Iordanou Kalypso
Published: January 2022

The present work examines the role of reflection in supporting the development of argument skill. Participants who engaged in argumentation practice with additional reflective activities outperformed a control group who only engaged in the argumentation practice. The experimental group showed greater gains in developing argument skill – particularly in employing evidence to weaken an opposing position. Experimental condition participants also exhibited greater gains in content knowledge on the intervention topic compared to the control condition participants. Microgenetic analysis of dialogs during the interventions revealed a different pattern of progress across the two conditions. Experimental condition participants exhibited gradual and overall greater improvements at both strategic and meta levels ‒ meta-strategic and epistemic ‒ compared to control condition participants. Findings support the hypothesis that engagement in reflection during dialogic argumentation supports the development of metacognition, both as competence and disposition, which in turn supports performance at the strategic level. Educational implications are discussed, stressing the beneficial role of engagement in reflective activities for promoting argument skill, above and beyond practice.
A Consistent Finite Element Formulation of the Geometrically Non-linear Reissner-Mindlin Shell Model
Authors: Müller Alexander , Bischoff Manfred
Published: January 2022

We present an objective, singularity-free, path independent, numerically robust and efficient geometrically non-linear Reissner-Mindlin shell finite element formulation. The formulation is especially suitable for higher order ansatz spaces. The formulation utilizes geometric finite elements presented by Sander [74] and Grohs [34] for the interpolation on non-linear manifolds. The proposed method is objective and free from artificial singularities and spurious path dependence. Due to the fact that the director field lives on the unit sphere, a special linearization procedure is required to obtain the stiffness matrix. Here, we use the simple constructions of Absil et al. [2, 3], which yields an easy way to obtain the correct tangent operator of the potential energy. Additionally, we compare three different interpolation schemes for the shell director that can be found in the literature, where one of them is applied for the first time for the Reissner-Mindlin shell model. Furthermore, we compare the exponential map to the radial return normalization as procedure to update the nodal directors and conclude the superiority of the latter, in terms of fewer load steps. We also investigate the construction of a consistent tangent base update scheme. Path independence, efficiency and objectivity of the formulation are verified via a set of numerical examples.
Prospective cohort study reveals MMP-9, a neuroplasticity regulator, as a prediction marker of cochlear implantation outcome in prelingual deafness treatment
Authors: Matusiak Monika , Oziębło Dominika , Ołdak Monika , Rejmak Emilia , Kaczmarek Leszek , Skarżyński Piotr Henryk , Skarżyński Henryk
Published: January 2022

Because of vast variability of cochlear implantation outcomes in prelingual deafness treatment, identification of good and poor performers remains a challenging task. To address this issue, we investigated genetic variants of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and plasma levels of MMP-9, BDNF, and pro-BDNF that have all been implicated in neuroplasticity after sensory deprivation in the auditory pathway. We recruited a cohort of prelingually deaf children, all implanted before the age of 2, and carried out a prospective observation (N = 61). Next, we analyzed the association between (i) functional MMP9 (rs20544, rs3918242, rs2234681) and BDNF (rs6265) gene variants (and their respective protein levels) and (ii) the child’s auditory development as measured with the LittlEARS Questionnaire (LEAQ) before cochlear implant (CI) activation and at 8 and 18 months post-CI activation. Statistical analyses revealed that the plasma level of MMP-9 measured at implantation in prelingually deaf children was significantly correlated with the LEAQ score 18 months after CI activation. In the subgroup of DFNB1-related deafness (N = 40), rs3918242 of MMP9 was significantly associated with LEAQ score at 18 months after CI activation; also, according to a multiple regression model, the ratio of plasma levels of pro-BDNF/BDNF measured at implantation was a significant predictor of overall LEAQ score at follow-up. In the subgroup with DFNB1-related deafness, who had CI activation after 1 year old (N = 22), a multiple regression model showed that rs3918242 of MMP9 was a significant predictor of overall LEAQ score at follow-up.
Facing the pandemic lockdown questionnaire - FPLQ: A brief tool to assess individual differences in front of pandemic experience
Authors: Baroncelli Andrea , Tomberli Lucrezia , Taddei MariaGiulia , Ciucci Enrica
Published: January 2022

This paper presents the development and the initial validation of a self-report questionnaire (the Facing the Pandemic Lockdown Questionnaire - FPLQ) focused on the way in which people faced the impact of the lockdown related to the Coronavirus Disease 19. 504 adults (81.55% females; M age = 32.71 years, SD = 11.19) took part to the study. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed a 15-item 4-factor structure, invariant for gender and age: two dimensions related to maladaptive processes (i.e., “Perception of low social connectedness and lack of routines” and “Health worry”) and two dimensions related to adaptive processes (i.e., “Positive re-thinking” and “Perception of online social connectedness”). Further, we investigated the associations between these dimensions and measures pertaining cognitive (i.e., internal and external health locus of control), emotional (i.e., positive and negative affect), and relational (i.e., attitude and behaviors toward civic engagement) processes, also testing the moderating role of gender and age. Finally, the potential usefulness of this new tool for both extant and future psychological research was highlighted.
De jeugdarts en gemeente in transitie
Authors: Hilhorst Judith , Reurslag Ellen C. , Hoogsteder Mariëtte H. H.
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Sinds de transitie Jeugdzorg is het belangrijk en volgens de Jeugdwet verplicht voor gemeenten om de inzet op preventie te vergroten. Aangezien preventie een belangrijk onderdeel van de werkzaamheden van jeugdartsen is, kunnen zij waardevol zijn voor gemeenten. Het is echter onduidelijk of gemeenten de werkzaamheden van jeugdartsen kennen. Dit kwalitatief exploratief onderzoek vergelijkt de rollen van jeugdartsen vanuit het perspectief van gemeenten en vanuit dat van jeugdartsen. We hebben achttien beleidsdocumenten over zorg voor jeugd van 33 gemeenten en zes documenten over jeugdartsen uit de JGZ-sector verzameld. Op basis van een documentanalyse onderscheidden we zeven rollen van jeugdartsen. Twee rollen, die van beleidsadviseur en academicus, vonden we alleen in JGZ-documenten. Vijf rollen vonden we zowel in beleids- als JGZ-documenten: die van zorgverlener, samenwerker/verbinder, poortwachter, verwijzer en belangenbehartiger van het kind. Bij deze rollen zagen we wel inhoudelijke verschillen: zo legden gemeenten nadruk op de opvoedkundige expertise van jeugdartsen en besteedden ze nauwelijks aandacht aan medische en diagnostische vaardigheden. Dit onderzoek laat zien dat de visie van gemeenten op de rollen van jeugdartsen verschilt van die van de JGZ-sector. Uitgaande van de rollen die jeugdartsen zichzelf toeschrijven zouden gemeenten jeugdartsen vaker kunnen inzetten als beleidsadviseur en academicus, en hun sociaal-medische expertise meer kunnen benadrukken in hun beleidsdocumenten.
De werkzame elementen van een gecombineerde leefstijlinterventie voor mensen met een lage sociaaleconomische status. Een concept mapping-caseonderzoek
Authors: Mulderij Lisanne S. , Verkooijen Kirsten T. , Koelen Maria A. , Wagemakers Annemarie
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Mensen met een lage sociaaleconomische status (SES) zijn minder gezond en hebben vaker overgewicht en obesitas dan mensen met een hoge SES. Gecombineerde leefstijlinterventies (GLI’s) kunnen worden ingezet voor de aanpak van overgewicht en obesitas. Het is echter niet duidelijk welke elementen van de GLI effectief zijn voor mensen met een lage SES. Het doel van dit onderzoek was daarom om de werkzame elementen van X‑Fittt 2.0, een GLI voor mensen met een lage SES, te bepalen. Negen professionals en één deelnemer van X‑Fittt 2.0 namen deel aan een concept mapping (CM)-proces om de werkzame elementen van X‑Fittt 2.0 in kaart te brengen. CM bestaat uit zes stappen: voorbereiden, brainstormen, clusteren, scoren, analyseren en discussiëren en interpreteren. Dit proces resulteerde in 72 werkzame elementen, ingedeeld in negen clusters, gericht op monitoring (12), interne (7) en externe (4) samenwerking, structuur en begeleiding (10), afspraken met deelnemers (5), beweegaanbod in de eerste twaalf weken (10), de beweegomgeving (10), wervingsstrategieën (5) en randvoorwaarden voor X‑Fittt 2.0 (9). Deze resultaten bieden een waardevolle eerste verkenning van de werkzame elementen van GLI’s voor mensen met een lage SES.
Ervaringen en visies van professionals over gebruik en misbruik van methylfenidaat door studenten in het hoger onderwijs
Authors: van der Heijde Claudia , van den Berk Carmel , Vonk Peter
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Een groeiend aantal studenten in het hoger onderwijs misbruikt methylfenidaat (MF) ter verbetering van academische prestaties. Meer inzicht in de manier waarop professionals het gebruik van MF waarnemen en MF voorschrijven draagt bij aan een verbetering in het volgen van de vastgestelde richtlijnen, om zo misbruik vast te stellen en te voorkomen. Kwalitatieve, semigestructureerde interviews zijn thematisch geanalyseerd. In totaal zijn drie huisartsen, drie psychiaters en twee studentenpsychologen geïnterviewd. Naast overeenstemming op verschillende vlakken bestaat er onder de bevraagde professionals ook een behoorlijke diversiteit aan ervaringen en visies met betrekking tot het gebruik en misbruik van MF door studenten in het hoger onderwijs. Hun verschil in opinie is niet altijd direct te relateren aan de beroepsgroepen. Er zijn meerdere mogelijkheden om misbruik van MF onder studenten te voorkomen. Meer voorzichtigheid is geboden, zowel met betrekking tot de nauwkeurigheid van het stellen van ADHD-diagnoses, als wat betreft het voorschrijven van MF. Misbruik kan ook worden voorkomen door ADHD-patiënten (inclusief studenten) en hun MF-gebruik nauwkeuriger te monitoren, meer aandacht te besteden aan leefstijlverbetering, effectievere studiemethoden, stressmanagement, betere informatievoorziening over risico’s van MF-gebruik, en preparaten voor te schrijven die minder makkelijk te misbruiken zijn.
De invloed van de schoolcontext op de effecten van de Gezonde Basisschool van de Toekomst
Authors: Bartelink Nina , van Assema Patricia , Kremers Stef , Savelberg Hans , Jansen Maria
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Inleiding

Scholen zijn een belangrijke setting om gezondheidsgedrag van kinderen te verbeteren. Het initiatief ‘De Gezonde Basisschool van de Toekomst (GBT)’ heeft als doel om gezondheid en welzijn te integreren in het schoolsysteem en is gebaseerd op de door de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie ontwikkelde Health Promoting School (HPS)-benadering. Uitgangspunten voor GBT zijn het aanbieden van een gezonde lunch en een gestructureerd beweeg- en cultuuraanbod met verruiming van schooltijd. In dit artikel worden de effecten na twee jaar follow-up en de invloed van de context op deze effecten beschreven.

Methode

GBT is geïmplementeerd in vier basisscholen in de Parkstadregio (Zuid-Limburg) en vergeleken met vier controlescholen. De gegevens zijn verzameld via onder andere antropometriemetingen, vragenlijsten, interviews en observaties.

Resultaten

GBT heeft geleid tot verbeteringen in het voedings- en beweeggedrag van kinderen en tot een gezondere gewichtsstatus van deze kinderen. De schoolcontext bleek op diverse manieren van invloed te zijn op de gevonden effecten.

Conclusie

GBT is een haalbare uitwerking van de HPS-benadering gebleken. Het is een veelbelovend initiatief dat passend en effectief is om de gezondheid en het gezondheidsgedrag van kinderen te verbeteren. Wanneer scholen als complex en adaptief worden beschouwd, kan dat bijdragen aan een betere integratie en evaluatie van gezondheidsbevordering op scholen.
Gezondheidsverschillen voorbij
Authors: Bussemaker Jet , ’S Jongers Tim , Vonk Robert
Published: January 2022

Samenvatting

Er zijn in Nederland hardnekkige gezondheidsverschillen. Decennia aan beleid hebben die niet kunnen verkleinen. De Raad voor Volksgezondheid & Samenleving pleit voor een heroverweging van de aanpak van sociaaleconomische gezondheidsverschillen. Gezondheidsverschillen zijn niet alleen de uitkomst van ongezond gedrag, maar ook van een complexe ongelijkheid in de samenleving. Die ongelijkheid wordt in het huidige beleid onvoldoende aangepakt. De geschiedenis leert echter dat de volksgezondheid het meest profiteerde van collectieve maatregelen rondom de leefomgeving, bestaanszekerheid en onderwijs. Om gezondheidsverschillen daadwerkelijk te verkleinen, hebben we een nieuwe doorbraak nodig. We moeten op zoek naar het rioleringsstelsel van deze tijd.
New Pliocene Rhinocerotidae findings from the Iberian Peninsula and the revision of the Spanish Pliocene records
Authors: Pandolfi Luca , Sendra Joaquín , Reolid Matías , Rook Lorenzo
Published: January 2022

A fragmentary mandible from the early Pliocene of the Vera Basin is here investigated to clarify its taxonomic position. The studied specimen is here assigned to Pliorhinus megarhinus, documented in Europe from the latest Miocene to the mid-Pliocene. The morphometrical comparison reveals that this taxon is larger than Stephanorhinus etruscus and S. jeanvireti but overlaps with Dihoplus schleiermacheri. P. megarhinus and D. schleiermacheri differ in some characters of the lower molars, such as the length of the metalophid and the shape of the trigonid in occlusal view, thus allowing new considerations on the Pliocene Spanish rhinocerotine record. According to the results here obtained, three species are at least documented in Span during the Pliocene: P. megarhinus, P. miguelcrusafonti, and S. etruscus. The presence of S. jeanvireti has to be verified and confirmed by further evidence. The presence of Dihoplus schleiermacheri as a relict taxon in the Pliocene of Spain is here discarded.
Group decision making method with hesitant fuzzy preference relations based on additive consistency and consensus
Authors: Li Jian , Niu Li-li , Chen Qiongxia , Wang Zhong-xing , Li Wenjing
Published: January 2022

To address the situation where the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) has problems with hesitant fuzzy preference relations (HFPRs), this paper develops a group decision making method considering the additive consistency and consensus simultaneously. First, a new normalized method for HFPRs is developed to address the situation where the evaluation information has different number of elements. Second, for improving the unacceptable consistent HFPRs, an algorithm is designed to derive acceptable consistent HFPRs. The main characteristic of the design algorithm is that the values that need to be revised are identified first, and then design the local adjustment process. Third, an algorithm is developed to obtain a group of normalized HFPRs (NHFPRs), considering the additive consistency of HFPRs. Fourth, for improving the individual consistency and group consensus simultaneously, an algorithm is designed to obtain a group of HFPRs with acceptable consistency and consensus. Finally, the method of determining the decision makers’ weights and a procedure for MCDM problems with HFPRs are given. An illustrative example in conjunction with comparative analysis is used to demonstrate the proposed method which is feasible and efficient for practical MCDM problems.
Reverse Subsidies in Global Monopsony Capitalism
Authors: Nathan Dev , Silliman Bhattacharjee Shikha , Rahul S. , Kumar Purushottam , Dahagani Immanuel , Singh Sukhpal , Swaminathan Padmini
Published: January 2022

This book provides a firm analytical base to discussions about injustice and the unequal distribution of gains from global production in the form of global monopsony capitalism. It utilizes the concept of reverse subsidies as the purchase of gendered labour and environmental services below their costs of production in garment value chains in India and other garment producing countries, such as Bangladesh and Cambodia. Environmental services, such as freshwater for garment manufacture and land for cotton production, are degraded by overuse and untreated waste disposal. The resulting higher profits from the low prices of garments are captured by global brands, using their monopsony position, with few buyers and myriad sellers, in the market. This book links the concept of reverse subsidies with those of injustice, inequality and sustainability in global production.
Unstable turbulent channel flow response to spanwise-heterogeneous heat fluxes: Prandtl's secondary flow of the third kind
Authors: Salesky Scott T. , Calaf M. , Anderson W.
Published: January 2022

Turbulent secondary flows are defined as Prandtl's secondary flow of the first or second kind, the former produced by stretching and/or tilting of vorticity, the latter produced via spatial heterogeneity of Reynolds stresses. Both mechanisms are instantaneously active within inertia-dominated wall turbulence; Reynolds stress spatial heterogeneity is required for Reynolds-averaged secondary flows. Spanwise-variable surface roughness can induce turbulent stress spatial heterogeneity in the spanwise–wall-normal plane and provide sustenance for streamwise-aligned mean secondary flows. Herein, we demonstrate that turbulent secondary flows can also be sustained by spanwise variability in the surface heat flux in unstably stratified turbulent channels, defined hereafter as Prandtl's secondary flow of the third kind. Support for this mechanism is established with scaling arguments, while large-eddy simulation is used to model inertia-dominated channel turbulence responding to a lower boundary with uniform aerodynamic/hydrodynamic roughness but spanwise-variable surface heat flux. Transport equations for streamwise vorticity and turbulent kinetic energy,

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, outline the conditions needed for third-kind production: shear and buoyancy production over the elevated heat flux regions necessitates lateral entrainment of low-

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fluid, inducing mean counter-rotating secondary cells aligned such that upwelling and downwelling occur over the high and low heat flux regions, respectively. Buoyancy-driven production of

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alters aggregate flow response and thus is a distinctly different mechanism responsible for sustenance of secondary flows.
Polycentric governance of transit migration: A relational perspective from the Balkans and the Middle East
Authors: Koinova Maria
Published: January 2022

State and non-state actors interact in both formal and informal ways during migration governance. Yet, we know little about such interactions, especially in the field of transit migration, a largely regional phenomenon. Here the categories of migrants are fluid between refugees, regular and irregular migrants, including those from conflict regions. Governance takes place also informally. Building on relational theories in International Relations, this article introduces a novel relational approach to polycentric governance. I argue that at the centre of such governance are not simply institutions or migration regimes, but power-laden relations among governmental, non-governmental, supranational, and non-state actors, as well as sending and destination states. These form architectures of partially official, partially informal dynamics that govern transit migration in a particular world region. Such architectures are based on mechanisms of cooperation, conditionality, containment, contestation, and others, combined in regionally specific ways. The mechanisms manifest themselves differently depending on how actors are embedded in places with different political regimes and statehood capacities. The article illustrates this relational perspective to polycentric governance with comparative evidence from the Balkans and the Middle East.
Paediatric In-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and outcomes in children with CHD during nights and weekends
Authors: Yu Priscilla , Esangbedo Ivie , Zhang Xuemei , Hanna Richard , Niles Dana E. , Nadkarni Vinay , Raymond Tia
Published: January 2022

Background:

Survival after paediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest is worse on nights and weekends without demonstration of disparity in cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality. It is unknown whether these findings differ in children with CHD. This study aimed to determine whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality might explain the hypothesised worse outcomes of children with CHD during nights and weekends.

Methods:

In-hospital cardiac arrest data collected by the Pediatric Resuscitation Quality Collaborative for children with CHD. Chest compression quality metrics and survival outcomes were compared between events that occurred during day versus night, and during weekday versus weekend using multivariable logistic regression.

Results:

We evaluated 3614 sixty-second epochs of chest compression data from 132 subjects between 2015 and 2020. There was no difference in chest compression quality metrics during day versus night or weekday versus weekend. Weekday versus weekend was associated with improved survival to hospital discharge (adjusted odds ratio 4.56 [1.29,16.11]; p = 0.02] and survival to hospital discharge with favourable neurological outcomes (adjusted odds ratio 6.35 [1.36,29.6]; p = 0.02), but no difference with rate of return of spontaneous circulation or return of circulation. There was no difference in outcomes for day versus night.

Conclusion:

For children with CHD and in-hospital cardiac arrest, there was no difference in chest compression quality metrics by time of day or day of week. Although there was no difference in outcomes for events during days versus nights, there was improved survival to hospital discharge and survival to hospital discharge with favourable neurological outcome for events occurring on weekdays compared to weekends.
Early postnatal exposure of rat pups to methylglyoxal induces oxidative stress, inflammation and dysmetabolism at adulthood
Authors: Francisco Flávio A. , Saavedra Lucas P. J. , Ferreira-Junior Marcos D. , Cavalcante Keilah V. N. , Moreira Veridiana M. , Prates Kelly V. , Borges Stephanie C. , Buttow Nilza C. , Ribeiro Tatiane A. , Pedrino Gustavo R. , Xavier Carlos H. , Matafome Paulo , de Freitas Mathias Paulo C. , Gomes Rodrigo M.
Published: January 2022

This work aimed to investigate the effects of early progeny exposure to methylglyoxal (MG), programming for metabolic dysfunction and diabetes-like complications later in life. At delivery (PN1), the animals were separated into two groups: control group (CO), treated with saline, and MG group, treated with MG (20 mg/kg of BW; i.p.) during the first 2 weeks of the lactation period. In vivo experiments and tissue collection were done at PN90. Early MG exposure decreased body weight, adipose tissue, liver and kidney weight at adulthood. On the other hand, MG group showed increased relative food intake, blood fructosamine, blood insulin and HOMA-IR, which is correlated with insulin resistance. Besides, MG-treated animals presented dyslipidaemia, increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Likewise, MG group showed steatosis and perivascular fibrosis in the liver, pancreatic islet hypertrophy, increased glomerular area and pericapsular fibrosis, but reduced capsular space. This study shows that early postnatal exposure to MG induces oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis markers in pancreas, liver and kidney, which are related to metabolic dysfunction features. Thus, nutritional disruptors during lactation period may be an important risk factor for metabolic alterations at adulthood.
Social Media Posting Anxiety
Authors: Shabahang Reza , Aruguete Mara S. , Shim Hyejin
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Although many studies have shown the association between anxiety and use of social media, the extant literature has not investigated social media posting anxiety, or fears associated with sharing online content. The current study reports the development of a brief self-report questionnaire addressing social media posting anxiety. In addition, we examine psychological predictors of social media posting anxiety. The findings demonstrate good content validity for the Social Media Posting Anxiety Questionnaire (SMPAQ; S-CVI/Avg: .89; mean CVRs: .90). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the 6-item SMPAQ measured a single dimension, accounting for 49.90% of the explained variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed support for this one-factor model. Internal consistency was established using inter-item correlation, corrected item-total correlation, and Cronbach’s α. Low interpersonal trust, high fear of negative evaluation, and high proneness to hurt feelings were associated with high social media posting anxiety. Notably, social media posting anxiety was a predictor of unwillingness to post in social media platforms. Our results support the SMPAQ as a promising measure that can facilitate better understanding of the role of anxiety in social media posting.
Sediment Recycling and the Evolution of Analog Orogenic Wedges
Authors: Reitano R. , Faccenna C. , Funiciello F. , Corbi F. , Sternai P. , Willett S. D. , Sembroni A. , Lanari R.
Published: January 2022

In convergent systems, the interplay between tectonics, erosion, and sedimentation controls the orogenic evolution. The nature of the interactions between these factors is still elusive due to the complex feedbacks that operate across different temporal and spatial scales. Here, we investigate these feedbacks with analog models of landscape evolution designed to account for both tectonic forcing and surface processes, using a water‐saturated granular material that allows to simulate contemporary brittle deformation and surface processes. The deformation is imposed by the movement of a rigid backstop, and surface processes are triggered by simulated rainfall and runoff. We vary the convergence velocity, rainfall rate, and basal angle of the box, testing how different boundary conditions affect the balance between tectonics and surface processes. We measure the competition between input fluxes (tectonics) and output fluxes (erosion) of material, showing how sedimentation strongly affects the balance between these fluxes. The results suggest that the experimental equilibrium between tectonics and erosion can be achieved, in the analog models, only for low convergence rates (about 10 mm hr−1) and/or for high basal angle (>2°, limited sedimentation). If the foreland is overfilled with sediments and/or if convergence velocity is higher, channels decrease their erosional efficiency, moving the dynamic equilibrium between tectonics and erosion toward the former.
A large dataset of white blood cells containing cell locations and types, along with segmented nuclei and cytoplasm
Authors: Kouzehkanan Zahra Mousavi , Saghari Sepehr , Tavakoli Sajad , Rostami Peyman , Abaszadeh Mohammadjavad , Mirzadeh Farzaneh , Satlsar Esmaeil Shahabi , Gheidishahran Maryam , Gorgi Fatemeh , Mohammadi Saeed , Hosseini Reshad
Published: January 2022

Accurate and early detection of anomalies in peripheral white blood cells plays a crucial role in the evaluation of well-being in individuals and the diagnosis and prognosis of hematologic diseases. For example, some blood disorders and immune system-related diseases are diagnosed by the differential count of white blood cells, which is one of the common laboratory tests. Data is one of the most important ingredients in the development and testing of many commercial and successful automatic or semi-automatic systems. To this end, this study introduces a free access dataset of normal peripheral white blood cells called Raabin-WBC containing about 40,000 images of white blood cells and color spots. For ensuring the validity of the data, a significant number of cells were labeled by two experts. Also, the ground truths of the nuclei and cytoplasm are extracted for 1145 selected cells. To provide the necessary diversity, various smears have been imaged, and two different cameras and two different microscopes were used. We did some preliminary deep learning experiments on Raabin-WBC to demonstrate how the generalization power of machine learning methods, especially deep neural networks, can be affected by the mentioned diversity. Raabin-WBC as a public data in the field of health can be used for the model development and testing in different machine learning tasks including classification, detection, segmentation, and localization.
A fully integrated sample preparation strategy for highly sensitive intact glycoproteomics
Authors: Yang Lijun , Liu Jie , Li Hua , Liu Yilian , He An , Huang Peiwu , Gao Weina , Cao Hua , Xu Ruilian , Tian Ruijun
Published: January 2022

A fully integrated spintip-based glycoproteomic technology, termed Intact GlycoSISPROT, was developed for highly sensitive intact glycoproteome analysis with low microgram to nanogram level protein samples.
Collagen mineralization with lepidocrocite via Fe(OH)2 addition
Authors: Oosterlaken Bernette M. , van Rijt Mark M. J. , Friedrich Heiner , de With Gijsbertus
Published: January 2022

Intrafibrillar lepidocrocite platelets are shown to be present throughout the entire thickness of collagen fibrils using electron tomography.