bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambiance through Spatial Organization in Vernacular architecture of hot and dry regions of India − The case of Ahmedabad and Jodhpur
Authors: Gajjar Vibha , Bhavsar Foram
Published: August 2019

Most notable vernacular settlements of the past had a potential of generating stimulating ambiance because of their “organicness”. The understanding of the “Nature of order” in this informality can identify the factors or parameters generating the definite spatial character appropriate for the time and place. The spatial character generates the spirit of the place, what we call the genius loci. This paper analyses the relationship of spatial organization and ambiance of the old city settlements in hot and dry climatic regions of two selected cities of India − Ahmedabad and Jodhpur at various levels. Both the selected cities are informal in nature and rich with its ambiance. Space syntax and digital simulations are used to decode the parameters of the spatial organization. The spatial morphology is analysed using tools such as justified graph analysis, visibility graph analysis, isovists analysis, agent movement analysis and sunlight study. The result of the study is summarised in tabular format and presented in a graphical manner for better understanding. This analysis is valuable in the derivation of the constants and variables to define the learning from the vernacular spatial organization.
The Topological Reading of Ambiances in the Built Environment: The New Methodology for the Analysis of the Luminous Ambiance in the Museum Space
Authors: Saraoui Selma , Belakehal Azeddine , Attar Abdelghani , Bennadji Amar
Published: August 2019

Daylight is currently at the centre of discourse on architectural space. The definition of architectural space takes essence from Euclidean geometry related to metric dimensions. The present study is an attempt to shed light on topology which is a non-Euclidean geometry. It can support non-metric components of space such as light to define architectural space. A corpus of six European museums has been chosen to study the immaterial or material relationships between form and daylight, since light is an essential element for the success of the exhibition. It also seeks to highlight discontinuity reports, and to confirm their existence through their software visualizations Therefore, the current study has taken into account an analysis model based on the notions of "route" and "sequence". The contemporary architectural project focused on taking into account human postures, both physical and psychological, within the architectural space. The results obtained show that light can release other spatial features for the museum space that can be highlighted by visualization with sequential analysis.
Heritage interpretation through an architectural design
Authors: Walczak Bartosz Marek
Published: August 2019

The paper presents results of a heritage conservation studio at the Institute of Architecture and Urban Planning, Lodz University of Technology. Students were challenged to propose an architectural intervention aiming at storytelling of the palimpsestic past, as well as upkeeping the unique ambiance of the place. Furthermore, students were encouraged to play with the use of the building and perception of the site. Submitted projects allowed to make a number of interesting observations.
Design of new daylight simulators on architectural scale models
Authors: Blandet Thierry , Erbilgin Levin , Vergnes Nicolas , Hoerter Nicolas , Lehmann Olivier
Published: August 2019

To enable students to evaluate the impact of light on the scale models of their architectural projects, two physical simulation systems have been built: a mirror box and a sun and sky simulator. Both devices integrate LED-based light sources. We have integrated several models for the computation of the sky image: luminance models and colour appearance models. The integration of the recent and evolving LED technologies explains how our simulators are innovative.
Einschleusen des Patienten
Authors: Zander Sabine
Published: August 2019

In den nächsten Ausgaben stellen wir Ihnen Standards im OP vor. Die Serie ist
ideal geeignet, um neue Mitarbeiter zu informieren oder um eine Basis für die
Entwicklung eigener Standards zu haben. Aber auch erfahrene OP-Pflegende können
routinemäßig durchgeführte Handlungen neu reflektieren und Anregungen in der
Praxis umsetzen. Im 1. Teil geht es um das Einschleusen des Patienten.
Case Management in der Chirurgie
Authors: Ronellenfitsch Ulrich , Schwarzbach Matthias
Published: August 2019

Die für eine aus Sicht von Patienten, Arzt und Krankenhausträger erfolgreiche
stationäre Behandlung erforderlichen Schritte sind vielschichtig und müssen
sinnvoll miteinander verzahnt werden. Dies trifft in besonderem Maße für
operativ tätige Fächer zu. Zur Koordination dieser Schritte, die mit der Planung
der stationären Aufnahme beginnen und der Weiterversorgung nach Entlassung
enden, bietet sich das Konzept des Case Managements an.
Ultrasound Evaluation of the Cervix to Predict Failed Labor Induction
Authors: Sevrin Christian Eric , Martorelli Letícia Matheuz , Famá Eduardo Augusto Brosco , Fernandes César Eduardo , Sancovski Mauro , Oliveira Emerson
Published: August 2019

Objective Labor induction does not always result in vaginal delivery, and can expose both the mother and the fetus to the risks inherent to the induction procedure or a possible cesarean section. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) of the cervix is a useful tool to predict prematurity; in the present study, this tool was used to evaluate postterm induction.

Methods We evaluated the ultrasound characteristics of the cervix (cervical length, cervical funneling, internal os dilation, the presence or absence of the cervical gland area [CGA], and the morphological changes of the cervix as a result of applying fundal pressure) before the onset of labor induction among women with postterm pregnancy to identify the possible predictors of failed labor induction. The Bishop score (BS) was used for comparison purposes. Three groups were evaluated: successful versus unsuccessful induction; vaginal delivery versus cesarean delivery (excluding cases of acute fetal distress [AFD]); and vaginal delivery versus cesarean delivery (including cases of AFD). A fourth group including only the primiparous women from the three previous groups was also evaluated.

Results Based on the studied characteristics and combinations of variables, a cervical length ≥ 3.0 cm and a BS ≤ 2 were the best predictors of induction failure.

Conclusion Although TVS is useful for screening for induction failure, this tool should not be used as an indication for cesarean section.
Aquifer characterization based on geoelectric survey data in Issele Uku, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Oseji Julius O. , Egbai James C.
Published: August 2019

Twelve vertical electric soundings (VES) were carried out using the Schlumberger configuration with a maximum current electrode separation of 350 m using Abem Terrameter SAS 1000 AB in Issele Uku, Delta State, Nigeria, to determine the aquifer characterization of the area. The field data were analyzed by curve matching and computer iteration, and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer were determined using the Dar Zarrouk parameters. The transmissivity of the aquifer varied from Trmax = 208.32 m2/day to Trmin = 109.2 m2/day. The knowledge of aquifer transmissivity made it possible to demarcate the area with good groundwater potential for setting-up boreholes in Issele Ukwu. The results show that the aquifer was not protected because of poor longitudinal conductivity due to the absence of clay. The results of water analyses reveal that water obtained from the various locations was safe for drinking, and other domestic and industrial purposes compared with the World Health Organization Standard.
Role of interface quality for the spin Hall magnetoresistance in nickel ferrite thin films with bulk-like magnetic properties
Authors: Althammer Matthias , Singh Amit Vikram , Wimmer Tobias , Galazka Zbigniew , Huebl Hans , Opel Matthias , Gross Rudolf , Gupta Arunava
Published: August 2019

We utilized spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) measurements to experimentally investigate pure spin current transport in thin film heterostructures of nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4,NFO) and normal metals (NM) Ta and Pt. We grew (001)-oriented NFO thin films by pulsed laser deposition on lattice-matched magnesium gallate (MgGa2O4) substrates, thereby significantly improving their magnetic and structural properties. We performed SMR measurements at room temperature in patterned Hall bar structures for charge currents applied in the [100]- and [110]-directions of NFO. We found that the extracted SMR magnitude for NFO/Pt heterostructures depends crucially on the Pt resistivity of the investigated Hall bar structure. We further study this resistivity scaling of the SMR effect at different temperatures for NFO/Pt. Our results suggest that the spin mixing conductance of the NFO/Pt interface and the Pt resistivity depend on the interface quality and thus a correlation between these two quantities exists.
Cavity resonator for circularly polarized microwave irradiation mounted on a cryostat
Authors: Arakawa T. , Norimoto S. , Iwakiri S. , Asano T. , Niimi Y.
Published: August 2019

We have constructed a cylindrical cavity resonator with a hybrid coupler where circularly polarized microwaves can be irradiated to a sample. The polarity of the microwave can be switched by changing the input ports of the hybrid coupler. The cavity resonator is small enough to be mounted on a cryostat which enables us to change the sample temperature in a wide range. To demonstrate the performance of the cavity resonator mounted on a cryostat, Yttrium Iron Garnet (YIG) was used as a test sample. We succeeded in selectively exciting left and right circularly polarized modes with high polarization (>80%). We also evaluated the susceptibility tensor of YIG in the cryostat. The technique presented here would offer a new direction in the fields of spintronics and quantum information.
Photovoltaic field effect transistor (PVFET)-based Ge/Si photodetector for low-power silicon photonics
Authors: Zeng Q. Y. , Pan Z. X. , Zeng Z. H. , Liu J. C. , Liu X. Y. , Chen Z. T. , Gong Z.
Published: August 2019

We propose a Ge/Si photodetector based upon photovoltaic field effect transistor (PVFET) for low-power silicon photonics. The device realizes detection by modulating the conductivity of the FET channel through photo-induced gate voltage, exhibiting ultra-high responsivity. The responsivity can reach about 104 A/W at operating voltages lower than 1.5 V. Furthermore, its light-to-dark (on/off) current ratio and temporal response characteristics are studied numerically. A maximum on/off ratio up to 193 can be obtained by optimizing the doping concentration of Ge gate.
Design, modeling, and experimental validation of an acoustofluidic platform for nanoscale molecular synthesis and detection
Authors: Binkley M. M. , Cui M. , Li W. , Tan S. , Berezin M. Y. , Meacham J. M.
Published: August 2019

Microfluidic technologies are increasingly implemented to replace manual methods in biological and biochemical sample processing. We explore the feasibility of an acoustofluidic trap for confinement of microparticle reaction substrates against continuously flowing reagents in chemical synthesis and detection applications. Computational models are used to predict the flow and ultrasonic standing wave fields within two longitudinal standing bulk acoustic wave (LSBAW) microchannels operated in the 0.5–2.0 MHz range. Glass (gLSBAW) and silicon (siLSBAW) pillar arrays comprise trapping structures that augment the local acoustic field, while openings between pillars evenly distribute the flow for uniform exposure of substrates to reagents. Frequency spectra (acoustic energy density Eac vs frequency) and model-predicted pressure fields are used to identify longitudinal resonances with pressure minima in bands oriented perpendicular to the inflow direction. Polymeric and glass particles (10- and 20-µm diameter polystyrene beads, 6 µm hollow glass spheres, and 5 µm porous silica microparticles) are confined within acoustic traps operated at longitudinal first and second half-wavelength resonant frequencies (f1,E = 575 kHz, gLSBAW; f1,E = 666 kHz; and f2,E = 1.278 MHz, siLSBAW) as reagents are introduced at 5–10 µl min−1. Anisotropic silicon etched traps are found to improve augmentation of the acoustic pressure field without reducing the volumetric throughput. Finally, in-channel synthesis of a double-labeled antibody conjugate on ultrasound-confined porous silica microparticles demonstrates the feasibility of the LSBAW platform for synthesis and detection. The results provide a computational and experimental framework for continued advancement of the LSBAW platform for other synthetic processes and molecular detection applications.
Net optical parametric gain in a submicron silicon core fiber pumped in the telecom band
Authors: Wu Dong , Shen Li , Ren Haonan , Campling Joseph , Hawkins Thomas W. , Ballato John , Gibson Ursula J. , Peacock Anna C.
Published: August 2019

A silicon core fiber (SCF) has been designed and fabricated with a dispersion engineered profile to support broadband optical parametric amplification across the telecom window. The combination of low optical transmission losses and high coupling efficiency of the SCF platform has allowed for an on-off optical parametric gain up to 9 dB, without experiencing gain saturation due to nonlinear absorption, resulting in a net off-waveguide gain of ∼2 dB. The ability to splice the SCFs with conventional silica fiber systems opens a route to compact and robust all-fiber integrated optical parametric amplifiers and oscillators that could find use in telecoms systems.
Theory of Alfvén-slow frequency gaps and discovery of Alfvén-slow eigenmodes in tokamaks
Authors: Cheng C. Z. , Kramer G. J. , Podesta M. , Nazikian R.
Published: August 2019

An analytical theory based on the MHD model is presented for understanding the coupling between the shear Alfvén wave and the slow magnetosonic wave (or the so called slow mode) in the frequency range below the Toroidal Alfvén Eigenmode (TAE) continuum spectrum gap. In tokamak plasmas, coupling of the Alfvén m poloidal harmonic and the slow mode m ± 1 harmonics causes the Alfvén m harmonic continuous spectrum to be uplifted from the uncoupled Alfvén spectrum by an amount related to the plasma pressure and the geodesic magnetic field curvature. However, the frequency of one of the slow mode m ± 1 harmonics is reduced by the same pressure-curvature coupling effect. But the frequency of the other slow mode harmonic is relatively unaffected. As a result, the Alfvén-slow (AS) mode continuous spectrum is broken up into two Alfvén-Slow (AS) gaps below the TAE continuum gap. Coupling of the Alfvén m harmonic with the slow mode m ± 2 harmonics also creates additional AS gaps if their frequencies cross each other. The AS gap widths increase with the plasma pressure. The creation of AS gaps allows the existence of several new types of Alfvén-Slow Eigenmodes (ASEs). The radial structure of these new ASEs does not intersect with the continuous spectrum and thus does not suffer from continuum damping. The Beta-induced Alfvén-Acoustic Eigenmode (BAAE) is one type of ASEs with frequency in the lowest AS frequency gap. However, the BAAE usually interacts with the Alfvén-Slow continuum and suffers from continuum damping. The existence of ASEs is ubiquitous for normal and reserve safety factor profiles, broad range of plasma β values, different plasma shapes, and many different toroidal mode numbers. The newly discovered ASEs provide explanation for the experimentally observed Beta-induced Alfvén Eigenmodes destabilized by fast ions with frequencies below the TAE frequency gap.
Interaction of semiconductor metasurfaces with short laser pulses: From
nonlinear-optical response toward spatiotemporal shaping
Authors: Shcherbakov M. R. , Eilenberger F. , Staude I.
Published: August 2019

The interaction of optically resonant semiconductor metasurfaces with intense, ultrashort laser pulses can be harnessed for enhancing and tailoring nonlinear frequency generation and ultrafast all-optical effects. Additionally, the dispersive nature of the metasurface response offers important opportunities to temporally shape the pulses themselves. Following a brief review of the state of the art of nonlinear, dispersive, and ultrafast semiconductor metasurfaces, this Perspective outlines possible future research directions and application opportunities for semiconductor metasurfaces operated in conjunction with ultrashort or shaped laser pulses. In particular, we speculate on possibilities for synthesizing arbitrary spatiotemporal light fields using specially designed metasurfaces as well as on potential application scenarios of the generated light fields.
Production of ultracold 85Rb133Cs molecules in the lowest ground state via the B
1Π1 short-range state
Authors: Liu Yuting , Gong Ting , Ji Zhonghua , Wang Gaoren , Zhao Yanting , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: August 2019

We investigate the production of cold 85Rb133Cs molecules in the lowest vibronic level of the ground electronic state via the B1Π1 short-range state. The photoassociation (PA) spectra of the B1Π1 state, including newly observed transition to 2 vibronic levels, are obtained by high sensitivity time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Based on these PA spectra, the harmonic and anharmonic constants of vibronic states are obtained, resulting in predicted vibronic energies with an uncertainty of 1–2 cm−1. The B1Π1 (v = 3) state is found to have the maximum production rate for ground-state molecules with a value of 3(1) × 104 s−1, which is 3 times larger than the value via the previously studied 23Π0+ (v = 10, J = 0) state with two-photon cascade decay. The populations of J = 0, 1, and 2 rotational levels of X1Σ+ (v = 0) state molecules formed via the B1Π1 (v = 3, J = 1) state are measured to be around 20%, 40%, and 20%. To quantify the coupling strength between the B1Π1 (v = 3) state and X1Σ+ (v = 0) state, the transition dipole moment between them is measured to be 7.2(2) × 10−3ea0, which is also 3 times larger than the value between the 23Π0+(v=10) state and X1Σ+ (v = 0) state, meaning the B1Π1 (v = 3) state has a stronger coupling with the X1Σ+ (v = 0) state. Our detailed measurements provide relevant parameters for investigation on direct stimulated Raman adiabatic passage transfer between the atomic scattering state and molecular bound state for 85Rb133Cs molecules.
Flexible lamb wave resonators with high figure of merit
Authors: Sun Xin , Zhang Menglun , Gao Chuanhai , Ning Yuan , Yuan Yi , Pang Wei
Published: August 2019

This paper presents a 429 MHz flexible Lamb wave resonator based on lithium niobate thin films with a high figure of merit (FoM) of 205, which is about 10 times higher than the FoM of the flexible resonator presented in our previous work. The measured corresponding quality factor (Q) and electromechanical coupling coefficient (Kt2) are 1268 and 16.2%, respectively. The resonant frequency, Q, and Kt2 of the flexible resonator show maximum changes of only 0.11%, 0.37%, and 0.31%, respectively, under a repeated mechanical bending condition up to 10 000 times at a bending radius of 3 mm. We also found that FlexMEMS technology we proposed not only endows Lamb wave resonators with mechanical flexibility but also improves FoM by ∼180% compared to their counterpart, conventional Lamb wave resonators on rigid silicon substrates. The flexible resonators with much improved FoM will find applications as low-power radio frequency key components in emerging applications, especially Internet of Things.
Measurement of electrical contact resistance at nanoscale gold-graphite interfaces
Authors: Vazirisereshk Mohammad R. , Sumaiya Saima A. , Martini Ashlie , Baykara Mehmet Z.
Published: August 2019

An approach to measuring electrical contact resistance as a direct function of the true contact size at the nanoscale is presented. The approach involves conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) measurements performed on a sample system comprising atomically flat interfaces (up to several hundreds of nanometers in lateral size) formed between gold islands and a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate. The method overcomes issues associated with traditional C-AFM such that conduction can be correlated with a measurable true, conductive contact area. Proof-of-principle experiments performed on gold islands of varying size point toward an increasing contribution of the island-HOPG junction to the measured total resistance with decreasing island size. Atomistic simulations complement and elucidate experimental results, revealing the maximum island size below which the electrical contact resistance at the island-HOPG junction can be feasibly extracted from the measured total resistance.
Stacking defects in GaP nanowires: Electronic structure and optical properties
Authors: Gupta Divyanshu , Goktas Nebile Isik , Rao Amit , LaPierre Ray , Rubel Oleg
Published: August 2019

Formation of twin boundaries during the growth of semiconductor nanowires is very common. However, the effects of such planar defects on the electronic and optical properties of nanowires are not very well understood. Here, we use a combination of ab initio simulation and experimental techniques to study these effects. Twin boundaries in GaP are shown to act as an atomically narrow plane of wurtzite phase with a type-I homostructure band alignment. Twin boundaries and stacking faults (wider regions of the wurtzite phase) lead to the introduction of shallow trap states observed in photoluminescence studies. These defect states may cause undesired radiative or nonradiative recombination impacting on the performance of nanowire-based devices.
Broadband supercontinuum generation from 600 to 5400 nm in a tapered fluorotellurite fiber pumped by a 2010 nm femtosecond fiber laser
Authors: Li Zhenrui , Yao Chuanfei , Jia Zhixu , Wang Fang , Qin Guanshi , Ohishi Yasutake , Qin Weiping
Published: August 2019

We demonstrate broadband supercontinuum (SC) generation from 600 to 5400 nm in a tapered fluorotellurite fiber pumped by a 2010 nm femtosecond fiber laser. All-solid fluorotellurite fibers with a core diameter of ∼6 μm are fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method. Tapered fluorotellurite fibers with an untapered region length of ∼2 cm and a tapered transition region length of ∼1.05 cm are prepared by employing an elongation machine. By using the tapered fiber as the nonlinear medium and a 2010 nm femtosecond fiber laser as the pump source, SC generation from 600 to 5400 nm is obtained, the 30 dB bandwidth of the generated SC light is about 3600 nm, and the corresponding output power is about 0.85 W for a launched average pump power of ∼1.57 W. The spectral broadening in the tapered fiber is caused by higher order soliton compression, Raman soliton, and blue-shifted and red-shifted dispersive wave generation. Our results show that fluorotellurite fibers are promising nonlinear media for generating broadband SC light expanding from visible to 5400 nm.
Decomposition of the mean friction drag in zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Fan Yitong , Li Weipeng , Pirozzoli Sergio
Published: August 2019

The ability to understand and predict mean friction drag generation in wall-bounded turbulence is highly desirable in many engineering applications. In this paper, we decompose the mean friction drag in incompressible (250 ≤ Reτ ≤ 1270) and compressible (M = 2.0 and 250 ≤ Reτ ≤ 1110) zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) into three physics-informed contributions, by using the identity of Renard and Deck [“A theoretical decomposition of mean skin friction generation into physical phenomena across the boundary layer,” J. Fluid Mech. 790, 339–367 (2016)] and its compressible-flow extension [Li et al., “Decomposition of the mean skin-friction drag in compressible turbulent channel flows,” J. Fluid Mech. 875, 101–123 (2019)], respectively. The Reynolds number effects and scaling of each contributing term are investigated. Proportionality of the viscous and logarithmic increase with Reτ of the turbulent one when scaled by Cf3/2 are found, with different scaling coefficients in incompressible and compressible TBLs, owing to variation in the thermodynamic properties in the compressible cases. On use of compressibility transformations to account for variation in the thermodynamic properties in the wall-normal direction, the terms contributing to friction in compressible TBLs are found to reduce to those in the incompressible limit, with good accuracy. At M = 2.0, deviations from universality are mainly confined to the near-wall region, say y+ < 30, and account for approximately 16% of the generated friction.
Chemisorption of aligned O2 on Ag(110)
Authors: Kurahashi Mitsunori
Published: August 2019

A fully alignment-resolved O2 chemisorption experiment on Ag(110) conducted with a single rotational state selected O2 beam is presented. Initial sticking probabilities (S0) of O2 impinging with its axis aligned along the [11¯0], [001], and [110] directions of the surface have been derived. The results indicate that, in the case of normal incidence, O2 molecules perpendicular to the [11¯0] azimuth are more reactive than those parallel to it at translational energies (E0) <0.3 eV while the alignment preference reverses at higher E0. The S0(E0) curve measured at off-normal incidence does not scale with normal translational energy in case that O2 impinges along the [001] azimuth with its axis parallel to the [11¯0] direction. These observations have been discussed based on the alignment dependence of the chemisorption barrier and the surface corrugation felt by O2.
Traveling amplitude death in coupled pendula
Authors: Dudkowski Dawid , Czołczyński Krzysztof , Kapitaniak Tomasz
Published: August 2019

We investigate the phenomenon of amplitude death [in two scenarios—traveling (TAD) and stationary] in coupled pendula with escapement mechanisms. The possible dynamics of the network is examined in coupling parameters’ plane, and the corresponding examples of attractors are discussed. We analyze the properties of the observed patterns, studying the period of one full cycle of TAD under the influence of system’s parameters, as well as the mechanism of its existence. It is shown, using the energy balance method, that the strict energy transfer between the pendula determines the direction in which the amplitude death travels from one unit to another. The occurrence of TAD is investigated as a result of a simple perturbation procedure, which shows that the transient dynamics on the road from complete synchronization to amplitude death is not straightforward. The pendula behavior during the transient processes is studied, and the influence of parameters and perturbation magnitude on the possible network’s response is described. Finally, we analyze the energy transfer during the transient motion, indicating the potential triggers leading to the desired state. The obtained results suggest that the occurrence of traveling amplitude death is related to the chaotic dynamics and the phenomenon appears as a result of completely random process.
Impact of Bi incorporation on the evolution of microstructure during growth of low-temperature GaAs:Bi/Ga(As,Bi) layers
Authors: Luna E. , Wu M. , Aoki T. , McCartney M. R. , Puustinen J. , Hilska J. , Guina M. , Smith D. J. , Trampert A.
Published: August 2019

Complex morphology is observed in the GaAs:Bi cap layer of Ga(As,Bi) films grown on GaAs(001) substrates by low-temperature (LT) molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The microstructure is dominated by the presence of V-shaped domains in the LT-GaAs cap layer and by the (unintentional) inhomogeneous incorporation of Bi from the underlying Ga(As,Bi) layer growth. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques enabled two types of domain to be identified: (i) twinned domains and (ii) Bi-rich atomically ordered domains with triple periodicity. The observed microstructure is discussed in the context of LT-MBE growth in combination with the presence of a small amount of Bi, which seemingly alters adatom diffusivity. Surface processes and (surface) kinetic factors play a key role in the resultant morphology and explain the appearance of both types of domains.
Absence of ferroelectricity in double-perovskite Y2CoMnO6 single crystals
Authors: Wang S. M. , Zheng S. H. , Lin L. , Tang Y. S. , Zhang J. H. , Chen R. , Wang J. F. , Lu C. L. , Yan Z. B. , Jiang X. P. , Liu J.-M.
Published: August 2019

The rare-earth double-perovskite R2CoMnO6 family has been reported to be promising multiferroics where the predicted ferroelectric polarization along the b-axis is induced by the Co2+/Mn4+ collinear magnetic order. In this work, we report our characterizations on the structural, magnetic, dielectric, and ferroelectric behaviors of flux-grown Y2CoMnO6 single crystals. A weak ferromagnetic transition with the Curie point TC ∼ 70 K is evident in combination with a remarkable magnetic hysteresis loop along the c-axis. The earlier reported dielectric anomaly at the magnetic transition is not detected in our single crystals. In addition, the peak of each electric current curve as a function of temperature, probed along different crystallographic directions, shows serious shifting with the temperature ramping rate, excluding the intrinsic ferroelectric contribution. The measured data are not in conformity with theoretical predictions and earlier experiments on polycrystalline samples. In addition, no reliable sign for magnetoelectric coupling can be detected. The present work seems to exclude the existence of magnetism-driven ferroelectricity in Y2CoMnO6.
On analytical approximations for the structure of a shock wave in a fully ionized plasma
Authors: Domínguez-Vázquez D. , Fernandez-Feria R.
Published: August 2019

Two approximate solutions for the shock wave structure in a fully ionized plasma are given for weak and moderately strong shocks. Both solutions are algebraically very simple in the phase space of the electron and ion temperatures as functions of the plasma velocity, being algebraically more involved in the physical spatial coordinate, except when constant electron conductivity is assumed. One solution is based on the observation that for weak, relaxation shocks, the electron and ion temperatures are very close to each other. However, for sufficiently large ionization (atomic) number Z, this solution is valid even for any difference between both temperatures, capturing quite accurately the ion temperature overshoot appearing in moderately strong relaxation shocks for large Z. For stronger shocks with an internal ion shock, this first approximate solution remains quite accurate in the preheating region upstream of the inner shock but not in the relaxation downstream region. For the latter region, we find another good algebraic approximation based on the almost constancy of the electron entropy. The combination of these two approximations upstream and downstream of the inner shock, connected through the algebraic Rankine-Hugoniot relations for the inner shock, provides a good approximation for the entire shock structure even for moderately strong shocks. These algebraic approximate solutions are compared with exact numerical solutions for several values of the Mach and ionization numbers. Some relevant features such as the shock thickness and the ion temperature overshoot are analyzed.
Thermoelectric properties of Ti0.3Zr0.35Hf0.35Ni1.005Sn half-Heusler alloy
Authors: Appel Oshrat , Zaharoni Tal , Breuer Gil , Beeri Ofer , Gelbstein Yaniv
Published: August 2019

Thermoelectrics enabling a direct conversion of waste heat into useful electricity is widely investigated for renewable energy applications. n-type half-Heusler (HH) MNiSn (M = Ti,Zr,Hf) thermoelectric (TE) elements are known as attractive semiconducting candidates for such purposes. Yet, both electronic and phonon scattering optimization are still required for fulfilling their full potential. In the current research, Ti0.3Zr0.35Hf0.35Ni1.005Sn separating into a main Ti0.3Zr0.35Hf0.35NiSn HH matrix and a minority full-Heusler (FH) Ti0.3Zr0.35Hf0.35Ni2Sn phase is reported. Adverse electronic effects of the metallic FH phase are nearly avoided by its small relative amount and dimension, while maintaining nearly optimal electronic TE performance along with large phonon scattering, minimizing the lattice thermal conductivity. Consequently, a very high maximal TE figure of merit, ZT, of ∼1.04 is obtained, which is among the highest ever reported for n-type MNiSn HH compounds.
Snap-back induced hysteresis in an elastic mechanical metamaterial under tension
Authors: Sun Shanwen , An Ning , Wang Guoli , Li Meie , Zhou Jinxiong
Published: August 2019

We combine experiment and finite element simulation and come up with a design for a mechanical metamaterial which demonstrates snap-back induced hysteresis and energy dissipation. The resultant is an elastic system that can be used reversibly for many times. The underlying mechanism of the existence of hysteresis and the physics of snap-back induced elastic instability is unveiled. Our results open an avenue for the design and implementation of recoverable energy dissipation devices by harnessing mechanical instability.
Excited states in the conduction band and long-lifetime hot electrons in TiO2 nanoparticles observed with photoemission electron microscopy
Authors: Li Bochao , Li Hao , Yang Chang , Ji Boyu , Lin Jingquan , Tomie Toshihisa
Published: August 2019

The authors propose that high catalysis of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) originates in the generation of excited states in the conduction band, which realize a long lifetime of hot electrons. This paper confirms their claim by observing individual NPs in the femtosecond laser pump-and-probe technique using photoemission-electron-microscopy. The low slope of the power dependence of the brightness of NPs is attributed to thermionic electron emission from an excited state below the vacuum level. An intermediate excited state is required to explain the asymmetrical delay dependence of the brightness enhancement, and the energy position is assigned to 0.78 eV above the conduction band minimum from the laser wavelength for the longest decay time of the brightness enhancement. A lifetime as long as 4 ps for hot electrons of 0.8 eV kinetic energy is observed when resonantly excited by a 760 nm light. The observed lifetime in TiO2 NPs is more than 10 times longer than those in previous papers using single crystals, which supports the authors’ claim.
How solar thermophotovoltaics are paving the way for a renewable future
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: August 2019

A review of solar thermophotovoltaics analyzes the best way to improve system efficiency.
Reversible and Vapochromic Chemisorption of Ammonia by a Copper(II) Coordination Polymer
Authors: Wegeberg Christina , Nielsen David , Mossin Susanne , Abrahams Brendan F. , McKee Vickie , McKenzie Christine J.
Published: August 2019

The single crystal X-ray structure determination of {[Cu(tpt)(o-phthalate)]·31/3(C2H2Cl4)}n (tpt=2,4,6-tri-4-pyridyl-1,3,5-triazine, C2H2Cl4=1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane=TCE) shows a 3D network in which CuII centres are linked by 3-connecting tpt ligands with the topology of a 12,3 net. CuII centres are further linked by o-phthalate dianions. The copper coordination geometry is square pyramidal, with o-phthalate oxygen donors trans to each other in the basal plane and the remaining positions taken by the pyridines of three linking tpt units. The solvent accessible void space is ~65%. The pale blue-green crystalline desolvate, obtained by heating to 200°C or washing the TCE solvate with acetone is formulated as [Cu(tpt)(o-phthalate)]n. Powder X-ray diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy show that the crystal structure and the CuII geometry changes upon desolvation. The crystalline desolvated phase sorbs two equivalents of ammonia per copper ion. The adduct, mauve [Cu(tpt)(o-phthalate)(NH3)2]n, shows reasonable crystallinity and is stable up to ~150°C under ambient conditions before the reversible desorption (minimum 10 cycles) of the guest ammonia. The colour change and high desorption temperature, along with changes in g values, is suggestive of chemisorption in two steps with Cu–ammine bonding in the loaded phase.
Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 alleviates allergic symptoms in a murine model for pollen allergy
Authors: Makino Tomoyuki , Yamashita Maya , Takeuchi Natsumi , Kabuki Toshihide , Hattori Makoto , Yoshida Tadashi
Published: August 2019

Lactic acid bacteria are known to have various health-promoting effects and are highly expected to find applications in anti-allergic food materials. In this study, we focused on Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 (LH2171), which reportedly modifies some unique immune responses and ameliorated symptoms of patients allergic to mites and house dust in the previous studies. We examined the effect of LH2171 on cytokine production by antigen-stimulated murine naïve splenocytes in vitro and demonstrated that it inhibited IL-4 and IL-13 production while enhancing IFN-γ and IL-10 production. Then, we examined the anti-allergic effect of LH2171 in vivo using a murine model of pollen allergy and found that LH2171 reduced the sneezing frequency when orally administered to mice. We successfully confirmed the immune modulatory activity of LH2171 and its anti-allergic activity against inhaled antigens. These evidences would contribute to identifying the anti-allergic mechanism of LH2171.

Abbreviations: ALDH: aldehyde dehydrogenase; EGCG: epigallocatechin gallate; LAB: lactic acid bacteria; LH2171: Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171; NALT: nasal-associated lymphoid tissue; OVA: ovalbumin
Isolation and characterization of the insecticidal, two-domain toxin LaIT3 from the Liocheles australasiae scorpion venom
Authors: Juichi Hironori , Miyashita Masahiro , Nakagawa Yoshiaki , Miyagawa Hisashi
Published: August 2019

A novel insecticidal peptide (LaIT3) was isolated from the Liocheles australasiae venom. The primary structure of LaIT3 was determined by a combination of Edman degradation and MS/MS de novo sequencing analysis. Discrimination between Leu and Ile in MS/MS analysis was achieved based on the difference in side chain fragmentation assisted by chemical derivatization. LaIT3 was determined to be an 84-residue peptide with three intrachain disulfide bonds. The sequence similarity search revealed that LaIT3 belongs to the scorpine-like peptides consisting of two structural domains: an N-terminal α-helical domain and a C-terminal cystine-stabilized domain. As observed for most of the scorpine-like peptides, LaIT3 showed significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, which is likely to be caused by its membrane-disrupting property.
Dynamic instability of clathrin assembly provides proofreading control for endocytosis
Authors: Chen Yan , Yong Jeffery , Martínez-Sánchez Antonio , Yang Yang , Wu Yumei , De Camilli Pietro , Fernández-Busnadiego Rubén , Wu Min
Published: August 2019

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis depends on the formation of functional clathrin-coated pits that recruit cargos and mediate the uptake of those cargos into the cell. However, it remains unclear whether the cargos in the growing clathrin-coated pits are actively monitored by the coat assembly machinery. Using a cell-free reconstitution system, we report that clathrin coat formation and cargo sorting can be uncoupled, indicating that a checkpoint is required for functional cargo incorporation. We demonstrate that the ATPase Hsc70 and a dynamic exchange of clathrin during assembly are required for this checkpoint. In the absence of Hsc70 function, clathrin assembles into pits but fails to enrich cargo. Using single-molecule imaging, we further show that uncoating takes place throughout the lifetime of the growing clathrin-coated pits. Our results suggest that the dynamic exchange of clathrin, at the cost of the reduced overall assembly rates, primarily serves as a proofreading mechanism for quality control of endocytosis.
A theory of centriole duplication based on self-organized spatial pattern formation
Authors: Takao Daisuke , Yamamoto Shohei , Kitagawa Daiju
Published: August 2019

In each cell cycle, centrioles are duplicated to produce a single copy of each preexisting centriole. At the onset of centriole duplication, the master regulator Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) undergoes a dynamic change in its spatial pattern around the preexisting centriole, forming a single duplication site. However, the significance and mechanisms of this pattern transition remain unknown. Using super-resolution imaging, we found that centriolar Plk4 exhibits periodic discrete patterns resembling pearl necklaces, frequently with single prominent foci. Mathematical modeling and simulations incorporating the self-organization properties of Plk4 successfully generated the experimentally observed patterns. We therefore propose that the self-patterning of Plk4 is crucial for the regulation of centriole duplication. These results, defining the mechanisms of self-organized regulation, provide a fundamental principle for understanding centriole duplication.
Pediatric Burn Treatment Using Tilapia Skin as a Xenograft for Superficial Partial-Thickness Wounds: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lima Júnior Edmar Maciel , Moraes Filho Manoel Odorico de , Forte Antonio Jorge , Costa Bruno Almeida , Fechine Francisco Vagnaldo , Alves Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes , Moraes Maria Elisabete Amaral de , Rocha Marina Becker Sales , Silva Júnior Francisco Raimundo , Soares Maria Flaviane Araújo do Nascimento , Bezerra Alane Nogueira , Martins Camila Barroso , Mathor Mônica Beatriz
Published: August 2019

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Nile tilapia skin as a xenograft for the treatment of partial-thickness burn wounds in children. This is an open-label, monocentric, randomized phase II pilot study conducted in Fortaleza, Brazil. The study population consisted of 30 children between the ages of 2 and 12 years with superficial “partial-thickness” burns admitted less than 72 hours from the thermal injury. In the test group, the tilapia skin was applied. In the control group, a thin layer of silver sulfadiazine cream 1% was applied. Tilapia skin showed good adherence to the wound bed, reducing the number of dressing changes required, the amount of anesthetics used, and providing benefits for the patients and also for healthcare professionals, by reducing the overall work load. The number of days to complete burn wound healing, the total amount of analgesics required throughout the treatment, burn improvement on the day of dressing removal, and pain throughout the treatment were similar to the conventional treatment with silver sulfadiazine. Thus, tilapia skin can be considered an effective and low-cost extra resource in the therapeutic arsenal of pediatric superficial partial thickness burns.
Future Directions of Flow Diverter Therapy
Authors: Chiu Albert Ho Yuen , Phillips Timothy John
Published: August 2019

The treatment of intracranial aneurysms has undergone a few very significant paradigm shifts in its history. Needless to say, microsurgery and surgical clipping served as the initial basis for successful treatment of these lesions. The pursuit of endovascular therapy subsequently arose from the desire to reduce the invasiveness of therapy. While the first breakthrough arose with Guido Guglielmi's invention of the detachable platinum coil, commercialized flow diverter therapy represents a disruptive therapy with a completely different paradigm for aneurysmal obliteration. This has not only altered the distribution of aneurysmal management strategies, but also opened the gateway to the treatment of previously inoperable lesions. With the basic flow diverter stent technology now considered an integral part of the neurointerventional armamentarium, we now consider what may lay in the future – including potential directions for research with regards to case selection; the location and type of aneurysms which may become routinely treatable; and modifications to the flow diverter, which may increase its utility and safety in terms of size, structural design, and surface modifications.
Dopaminergic neurons mediate maleDrosophilacourtship motivational state
Authors: Wang Guangxia
Published: August 2019

Motivational states are important determinants of behavior. InDrosophila melanogaster, courtship behavior is robust and crucial for species continuation. However, the motivation of courtship behavior remains unexplored. We first find the phenomenon that courtship behavior is modulated by motivational state. A male fly courts another male fly when it first courts a decapitated female fly however, male– male courtship behavior rarely occurs under normal conditions. Male flies that have satisfied the need for sexual behavior show a decreased male–female sex drive. Therefore, in this phenomenon, the male fly’s courtship motivational state is induced by its exposure to female flies. Blocking dopaminergic neurons by expressing TNTe decreases motivational state-induced male–male courtship behavior without affecting male–female courtship behavior. Vision cues are another key component in sexually driven male–female courtship behavior. Here, we identify a base theory that the inner motivational state could eventually decide fly behavior.
Therapeutic approaches for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: One size does not fit all
Authors: Koufakis Theocharis , Katsiki Niki , Zebekakis Pantelis , Dimitriadis George , Kotsa Kalliopi
Published: August 2019

Recent advances in the understanding of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) pathophysiology make it increasingly evident that people with LADA comprise a heterogenous group of patients. This makes the establishment of a standard treatment algorithm challenging. On top of its glucose‐lowering action, insulin may exert anti‐inflammatory effects, rendering it an attractive therapeutic choice for a type of diabetes in which autoinflammation and beta cell insufficiency play major pathogenetic roles. However, there is growing evidence that other antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, and thiazolidinediones, might have a role in optimizing glycemic control and preserving beta cell function in individuals with LADA, either alone or in combination with insulin. Although most of these drugs have been routinely used in the daily clinical setting for years, large prospective randomized trials are needed to assess whether they are capable of delaying progression to insulin dependence as well as their effects on diabetic complications. The aim of the present review is to discuss the current state and future perspectives of LADA therapy, emphasizing the need for individualized and patient‐centered therapeutic approaches.