bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual antiplatelet therapy duration after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with indication to oral anticoagulant therapy. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Montalto Claudio , Costa Francesco , Leonardi Sergio , Micari Antonio , Oreglia Jacopo A , Vranckx Pascal , Capodanno Davide , ten Berg Jurriën , Lopes Renato D , Valgimigli Marco
Published: November 2022

Aims

Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in patients with concomitant indication to oral anticoagulation (OAC) is still debated.

Methods and results

A systematic review was performed on electronic databases to search for randomized controlled trials comparing an abbreviated or prolonged (≥3 months) DAPT regimen in patients with OAC and they were analysed in the framework of standard and network meta-analyses. Co-primary endpoints were major or clinically relevant non-major bleedings (MCRB) and major bleeding, while the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) was the key safety endpoint. Five studies and 7 665 patients (abbreviated DAPT n = 3 843; prolonged DAPT n = 3 822) were included. Both MCRB and major bleeding were lower with abbreviated DAPT [risk ratio (RR) 0.69 (0.52–0.91); P = 0.01 and 0.70 (0.52–0.95); P = 0.01, respectively] while MACE [RR: 0.96 (0.70–1.33); P = 0.6], all-cause death, cardiovascular death, stent thrombosis, or myocardial infarction did not differ. Network meta-analysis showed that peri-procedural DAPT had the highest probability to prevent MCRB and major bleeding (97.1 and 92.0% respectively) when compared with both short (4–6 weeks) and longer (≥3 months) DAPT regimens. Sensitivity analyses and meta-regressions showed consistency in different clinical scenarios and suggested a larger bleeding reduction with P2Y12 inhibitors vs. aspirin after DAPT discontinuation.

Conclusion

In patients undergoing PCI with concomitant OAC indication, an abbreviated DAPT regimen reduced MCRB and major bleeding without increasing MACE or other ischaemic events. Peri-procedural DAPT and P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy after DAPT withdrawal appear to be the best strategies to optimize the bleeding and ischaemic risk tradeoff.

Trial registration. PROSPERO CRD284001
Back to the roots: defining the core microbiome of Sorghum bicolor in agricultural field soils from the centre of origin
Authors: Abera Sewunet , Shimels Mahdere , Tessema Taye , Raaijmakers Jos M , Dini-Andreote Francisco
Published: November 2022

Sorghum is a major staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa with yields severely impacted by biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we analysed the taxonomic diversity and biogeographical distribution of bacterial taxa of 48 agricultural fields along a transect of approximately 2000 km across the Ethiopian sorghum belt, the centre of origin of sorghum. The ultimate goal is to identify—yet-unexplored—beneficial plant–microbe associations. Based on bulk soil bacterial communities and DArT-SNP analyses of 59 sorghum accessions, we selected three microbiologically distinct field soils and 12 sorghum genotypes, including commercial varieties, wild relatives, and farmer-preferred landraces. The results showed a core rhizosphere microbiome of 2125 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), belonging to eight bacterial families consistently found across the three soil types and the 12 sorghum genotypes. Integration of the rhizosphere bacterial community analysis with DArT-SNP sorghum genotyping revealed the association of differentially abundant ASVs with sorghum genotypic traits, including the distinct recruitment of Pseudomonadaceae by the stay-green, drought-tolerant, and wild sorghum genotypes. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the core and accessory bacterial taxa in the sorghum rhizosphere in the centre of origin, setting a baseline for targeted isolation and functional characterization of putative beneficial rhizobacteria.
Unravelling the genetic potential for hydrocarbon degradation in the sediment microbiome of Antarctic islands
Authors: Silva Jéssica B , Centurion Victor B , Duarte Alysson W F , Galazzi Rodrigo M , Arruda Marco A Z , Sartoratto Adilson , Rosa Luiz H , Oliveira Valéria M
Published: November 2022

Hydrocarbons may have a natural or anthropogenic origin and serve as a source of carbon and energy for microorganisms in Antarctic soils. Herein, 16S rRNA gene and shotgun sequencing were employed to characterize taxonomic diversity and genetic potential for hydrocarbon degradation of the microbiome from sediments of sites located in two Antarctic islands subjected to different temperatures, geochemical compositions, and levels of presumed anthropogenic impact, named: Crater Lake/Deception Island (pristine area), Whalers Bay and Fumarole Bay/Deception Island (anthropogenic-impacted area), and Hannah Point/Livingston Island (anthropogenic-impacted area). Hydrocarbon concentrations were measured for further correlation analyses with biological data. The majority of the hydrocarbon-degrading genes were affiliated to the most abundant bacterial groups of the microbiome: Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. KEGG annotation revealed 125 catabolic genes related to aromatic hydrocarbon (styrene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, naphthalene, and polycyclic hydrocarbons) and aliphatic (alkanes and cycloalkanes) pathways. Only aliphatic hydrocarbons, in low concentrations, were detected in all areas, thus not characterizing the areas under study as anthropogenically impacted or nonimpacted. The high richness and abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading genes suggest that the genetic potential of the microbiome from Antarctic sediments for hydrocarbon degradation is driven by natural hydrocarbon occurrence.
Capsaicin-Induced Endocytosis of Endogenous Presynaptic CaV2.2 in DRG-Spinal Cord Co-Cultures Inhibits Presynaptic Function
Authors: Ramgoolam Krishma H , Dolphin Annette C
Published: November 2022

The N-type calcium channel, CaV2.2 is key to neurotransmission from the primary afferent terminals of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to their postsynaptic targets in the spinal cord. In this study, we have utilized CaV2.2_HA knock-in mice, because the exofacial epitope tag in CaV2.2_HA enables accurate detection and localization of endogenous CaV2.2. CaV2.2_HA knock-in mice were used as a source of DRGs to exclusively study the presynaptic expression of N-type calcium channels in co-cultures between DRG neurons and wild-type spinal cord neurons. CaV2.2_HA is strongly expressed on the cell surface, particularly in TRPV1-positive small and medium DRG neurons. Super-resolution images of the presynaptic terminals revealed an increase in CaV2.2_HA expression and increased association with the postsynaptic marker Homer over time in vitro. Brief application of the TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin, resulted in a significant down-regulation of cell surface CaV2.2_HA expression in DRG neuron somata. At their presynaptic terminals, capsaicin caused a reduction in CaV2.2_HA proximity to and co-localization with the active zone marker RIM 1/2, as well as a lower contribution of N-type channels to single action potential-mediated Ca2+ influx. The mechanism of this down-regulation of CaV2.2_HA involves a Rab11a-dependent trafficking process, since dominant-negative Rab11a (S25N) occludes the effect of capsaicin on presynaptic CaV2.2_HA expression, and also prevents the effect of capsaicin on action potential-induced Ca2+ influx. Taken together, these data suggest that capsaicin causes a decrease in cell surface CaV2.2_HA expression in DRG terminals via a Rab11a-dependent endosomal trafficking pathway.
Structure of the Kathmandu basin inferred from microtremor measurements: a preliminary study
Authors: Pettenati Franco , Maharjan Dev Khumar , Paudyal Sarmila , Sandron Denis , Wagle Sharad , Cravos Claudio , Giorgi Massimo , Shrestha Surya Narayan
Published: November 2022

This research aims at characterizing the deep sedimentary basin of Kathmandu (Nepal) from microtremor measurements, by using two surveys carried out in November 2015 and November 2018. The data collected are sufficient for a qualitative investigation of the seismic response of such a complex basin. The measurements were undertaken in the framework of a collaboration between the NSET (National Society for Earthquake Technology, Nepal) and the OGS (National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, Italy). During the two campaigns, a series of passive seismic surveys were made, taking into consideration both single broad-band sensors and arrays. The 2015 study initially focused on the Lalitpur area (southern part of Kathmandu) and was later extended to the northern and more urbanized area of the capital city of Nepal. The 2018 survey focused on estimating the S-wave velocity field of the entire stratigraphic sequence by array and a repetition of some Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) measurements close to two boreholes with reliable stratigraphy. Two inversion methods, using the data from the seismic arrays, were useful to infer the S-wave velocity profiles of the shallower layers and to interpret some HVSRs. The outcome is a map of the periods of single station data representing the seismic response of the basin. Comparing these results with the strong motion data of the Gorkha 2015 main shock, we confirm that the longer periods are not only the effects of the earthquake source, but also of the local response of the basin itself.
Predictors of Clinical Remission to Placebo in Clinical Trials of Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Wong Emily C L , Dulai Parambir S , Marshall John K , Jairath Vipul , Reinisch Walter , Narula Neeraj
Published: November 2022

Background

In placebo-controlled clinical trials for Crohn’s disease (CD), some placebo-treated patients demonstrate improvement. However, it is unclear what factors contribute to placebo response and remission.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of 3 placebo-controlled clinical trial programs (GEMINI-2, UNITI-1/2, and CLASSIC-1) of moderate-severe CD evaluating the efficacy of vedolizumab, ustekinumab, and adalimumab. Baseline predictors of clinical remission at the end of induction (week 4/6), defined as Crohn’s Disease Activity Index <150 were evaluated among placebo-treated patients. Clinical response (decrease in Crohn’s Disease Activity Index ≥100 points from baseline) at the end of induction was also evaluated. Univariate analyses were performed and predictors with P < .10 were included in multivariable analyses.

Results

A total of 683 patients (148 from GEMINI-2, 470 from UNITI-1/2, and 65 from CLASSIC-1) treated with placebo were included. Of the predictors evaluated, C-reactive protein <5 mg/L (odds ratio [OR], 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.67; P = .035), albumin >40 g/L (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.05-2.93; P = .023), and disease duration <5 years (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.05-2.75; P = .032) were included in the multivariable model for clinical remission. Disease duration <5 years was the only variable that retained significance on multivariable analysis (adjusted OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.02-2.73; P = .040). For clinical response, isolated ileal disease and disease duration <1 year were included in the multivariable model, of which only the latter retained significance (adjusted OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.04-3.24; P = .035).

Conclusions

Strategies that reduce placebo response rates in clinical trials of CD should be considered, including stratification or exclusion of subjects by disease duration and mild disease severity as measured by objective biomarkers.
How to estimate heritability: a guide for genetic epidemiologists
Authors: Barry Ciarrah-Jane S , Walker Venexia M , Cheesman Rosa , Davey Smith George , Morris Tim T , Davies Neil M
Published: November 2022

Traditionally, heritability has been estimated using family-based methods such as twin studies. Advancements in molecular genomics have facilitated the development of methods that use large samples of (unrelated or related) genotyped individuals. Here, we provide an overview of common methods applied in genetic epidemiology to estimate heritability, i.e. the proportion of phenotypic variation explained by genetic variation. We provide a guide to key genetic concepts required to understand heritability estimation methods from family-based designs (twin and family studies), genomic designs based on unrelated individuals [linkage disequilibrium score regression, genomic relatedness restricted maximum-likelihood (GREML) estimation] and family-based genomic designs (sibling regression, GREML-kinship, trio-genome-wide complex trait analysis, maternal-genome-wide complex trait analysis, relatedness disequilibrium regression). We describe how heritability is estimated for each method and the assumptions underlying its estimation, and discuss the implications when these assumptions are not met. We further discuss the benefits and limitations of estimating heritability within samples of unrelated individuals compared with samples of related individuals. Overall, this article is intended to help the reader determine the circumstances when each method would be appropriate and why.
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Strain Selection: Guidance From Influenza
Authors: Monto Arnold S , Lauring Adam S , Martin Emily T
Published: November 2022

When first approved, many hoped that the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine would provide long-term protection after a primary series. Waning of immunity and continued appearance of new variants has made booster inoculations necessary. The process is becoming increasingly similar to that used for annual updating of the influenza vaccine. The similarity has become even more apparent with selection of BA.4/BA.5 as the Omicron strain of the updated bivalent (Original + Omicron) COVID-19 vaccines. It is hoped that, if COVID-19 develops winter seasonality, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will require only annual review to determine if updates are necessary. Recommendations on whom should receive the booster would be based on conditions at that time.
Predicting hypertension onset from longitudinal electronic health records with deep learning
Authors: Datta Suparno , Morassi Sasso Ariane , Kiwit Nina , Bose Subhronil , Nadkarni Girish , Miotto Riccardo , Böttinger Erwin P
Published: November 2022

Objective

Hypertension has long been recognized as one of the most important predisposing factors for cardiovascular diseases and mortality. In recent years, machine learning methods have shown potential in diagnostic and predictive approaches in chronic diseases. Electronic health records (EHRs) have emerged as a reliable source of longitudinal data. The aim of this study is to predict the onset of hypertension using modern deep learning (DL) architectures, specifically long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, and longitudinal EHRs.

Materials and Methods

We compare this approach to the best performing models reported from previous works, particularly XGboost, applied to aggregated features. Our work is based on data from 233 895 adult patients from a large health system in the United States. We divided our population into 2 distinct longitudinal datasets based on the diagnosis date. To ensure generalization to unseen data, we trained our models on the first dataset (dataset A “train and validation”) using cross-validation, and then applied the models to a second dataset (dataset B “test”) to assess their performance. We also experimented with 2 different time-windows before the onset of hypertension and evaluated the impact on model performance.

Results

With the LSTM network, we were able to achieve an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value of 0.98 in the “train and validation” dataset A and 0.94 in the “test” dataset B for a prediction time window of 1 year. Lipid disorders, type 2 diabetes, and renal disorders are found to be associated with incident hypertension.

Conclusion

These findings show that DL models based on temporal EHR data can improve the identification of patients at high risk of hypertension and corresponding driving factors. In the long term, this work may support identifying individuals who are at high risk for developing hypertension and facilitate earlier intervention to prevent the future development of hypertension.
A dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on prediction
Authors: Wu Fei , Chen Jiacheng , Wang Wanliang
Published: November 2022

The dynamic multi-objective optimization problem (DMOP) is a common problem in optimization problems; the main reasons are the objective’s conflict and environment changes. In this paper, we provide a prediction approach based on diversity screening and special point prediction (DSSP) to tackle the dynamic optimization issue. First, we introduce a decision variable clustering and screening strategy that clusters the decision space of the non-dominated solution set to find the cluster centroids and then employs a decision variable screening strategy to filter out solutions that have an impact on the distribution of individuals. This approach can broaden the range of dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithms. Second, an approach for predicting special points is suggested. The algorithm’s convergence is improved following environmental changes by forecasting the special point tracking Pareto front in the object space. Finally, the forward-looking center points are used to predict the non-dominated solution set and eliminate the useless individuals in the population. The prediction strategy can help the solution set converge while maintaining its diversity, which is compared with the four other state-of-the-art strategies. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm, DSSP, can effectively tackle DMOPs.
Monitoring small mammal abundance using NEON data: are calibrated indices useful?
Authors: Parsons Arielle W , Clark James S , Kays Roland
Published: November 2022

Small mammals are important to the functioning of ecological communities with changes to their abundances used to track impacts of environmental change. While capture–recapture estimates of absolute abundance are preferred, indices of abundance continue to be used in cases of limited sampling, rare species with little data, or unmarked individuals. Improvement to indices can be achieved by calibrating them to absolute abundance but their reliability across years, sites, or species is unclear. To evaluate this, we used the US National Ecological Observatory Network capture–recapture data for 63 small mammal species over 46 sites from 2013 to 2019. We generated 17,155 absolute abundance estimates using capture–recapture analyses and compared these to two standard abundance indices, and three types of calibrated indices. We found that neither raw abundance indices nor index calibrations were reliable approximations of absolute abundance, with raw indices less correlated with absolute abundance than index calibrations (raw indices overall R2 < 0.5, index calibration overall R2 > 0.6). Performance of indices and index calibrations varied by species, with those having higher and less variable capture probabilities performing best. We conclude that indices and index calibration methods should be used with caution with a count of individuals being the best index to use, especially if it can be calibrated with capture probability. None of the indices we tested should be used for comparing different species due to high variation in capture probabilities. Hierarchical models that allow for sharing of capture probabilities over species or plots (i.e., joint-likelihood models) may offer a better solution to mitigate the cost and effort of large-scale small mammal sampling while still providing robust estimates of abundance.
Prediction of tissue-of-origin of early stage cancers using serum miRNomes
Authors: Matsuzaki Juntaro , Kato Ken , Oono Kenta , Tsuchiya Naoto , Sudo Kazuki , Shimomura Akihiko , Tamura Kenji , Shiino Sho , Kinoshita Takayuki , Daiko Hiroyuki , Wada Takeyuki , Katai Hitoshi , Ochiai Hiroki , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Takamaru Hiroyuki , Abe Seiichiro , Saito Yutaka , Boku Narikazu , Kondo Shunsuke , Ueno Hideki , Okusaka Takuji , Shimada Kazuaki , Ohe Yuichiro , Asakura Keisuke , Yoshida Yukihiro , Watanabe Shun-Ichi , Asano Naofumi , Kawai Akira , Ohno Makoto , Narita Yoshitaka , Ishikawa Mitsuya , Kato Tomoyasu , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Niida Shumpei , Sakamoto Hiromi , Takizawa Satoko , Akiba Takuya , Okanohara Daisuke , Shiraishi Kouya , Kohno Takashi , Takeshita Fumitaka , Nakagama Hitoshi , Ota Nobuyuki , Ochiya Takahiro ,   Project Team for Development and Diagnostic Technology for Detection of miRNA in Body Fluids, Hotta Tomomitsu , Nakagama Hitoshi , Ochiya Takahiro , Furuta Koh , Kato Ken , Ochiai Atsushi , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Niida Shumpei , Mimori Koshi , Hatada Izuho , Kuroda Masahiko , Yokota Takanori , Mori Masaki , Ishii Hideshi , Murakami Yoshiki , Tahara Hidetoshi , Baba Yoshinobu , Akio Kobori , Takizawa Satoko , Hashimoto Koji , Hirai Mitsuharu , Kobayashi Masahiko , Fujimiya Hitoshi , Okanohara Daisuke , Nakae Hiroki , Takashima Hideaki
Published: November 2022

Background

Noninvasive detection of early stage cancers with accurate prediction of tumor tissue-of-origin could improve patient prognosis. Because miRNA profiles differ between organs, circulating miRNomics represent a promising method for early detection of cancers, but this has not been shown conclusively.

Methods

A serum miRNA profile (miRNomes)–based classifier was evaluated for its ability to discriminate cancer types using advanced machine learning. The training set comprised 7931 serum samples from patients with 13 types of solid cancers and 5013 noncancer samples. The validation set consisted of 1990 cancer and 1256 noncancer samples. The contribution of each miRNA to the cancer-type classification was evaluated, and those with a high contribution were identified.

Results

Cancer type was predicted with an accuracy of 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87 to 0.90) in all stages and an accuracy of 0.90 (95% CI = 0.88 to 0.91) in resectable stages (stages 0-II). The F1 score for the discrimination of the 13 cancer types was 0.93. Optimal classification performance was achieved with at least 100 miRNAs that contributed the strongest to accurate prediction of cancer type. Assessment of tissue expression patterns of these miRNAs suggested that miRNAs secreted from the tumor environment could be used to establish cancer type–specific serum miRNomes.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that large-scale serum miRNomics in combination with machine learning could lead to the development of a blood-based cancer classification system. Further investigations of the regulating mechanisms of the miRNAs that contributed strongly to accurate prediction of cancer type could pave the way for the clinical use of circulating miRNA diagnostics.
Optical manipulation of optical vortex beam on gold nanoparticle
Authors: Liaw Jiunn-Woei , Chen Bing-Xian , Ku Yun-Cheng , Yang Chun-Yi , Lin Chun-Wei , Kuo Mao-Kuen
Published: November 2022

The optomechanical manipulation of an optical vortex beam (Bessel beam) upon a single gold nanoparticle (GNP) was studied theoretically. This structured light carries spin angular momentum (SAM) and orbital angular momentum (OAM) simultaneously via the spin-orbit interaction (SOI) of light. Due to the plasmon-enhanced light absorption and scattering of GNP, the SAM and OAM of photons are transferred to GNP, exhibited by the spin and orbital motions of GNP. The optical force and torque upon GNP are analyzed through the surface integrals of Maxwell's stress tensor. We found that there are specific stable circular orbits of GNP through the simulation of GNP's equation of motion; the revolution direction depends on the sign of the order of Bessel beam. If the order of Bessel beam is a positive integer, the GNP performs an orbital motion with a counterclockwise revolution. On the contrary, for a Bessel beam of a negative order, a clockwise revolution of GNP is induced. Additionally, the spin direction of GNP depends on the handedness of light: right-hand or left-hand circular polarization.
Ruptured gastro-intestinal stromal tumor as a surgical emergency: A case report and literature review
Authors: Abdelgawad Mohamed , Kamel Omar M , Issa Peter P , Omar Mahmoud , Barghuthi Lutfi , Davis Tyler , Ismael Hishaam
Published: November 2022

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs of the small bowel are rare, and often present with an abdominal mass and/or bleeding. Chemotherapy and surgery are the mainstay of therapy. Here, we discuss an unusual case of a ruptured jejunal GIST with hemoperitoneum and recurrence despite surgical excision followed by Imatinib treatment. Forty-five cases of ruptured small intestinal GISTs were identified in the literature. Most cases were in males and were found to be at the site of the jejunum.
Banks in Distress
Authors: Olivares-Caminal Rodrigo , Guynn Randall D , Kornberg Alan W , Paterson Sarah , Singh Dalvinder
Published: November 2022

Chapter 6 explains the main provisions of the UK’s Banking Act 2009. Part 1 of the Banking Act gives the authorities the tools to deal with banking institutions in financial difficulties and replaces the temporary special provisions regime that was provided by the Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008 (BSPA) with a permanent Special Resolution Regime (SRR); Part 2 introduces the Bank Insolvency Procedure (BIP), which provides for the winding up of a failed or failing bank; and Part 3 introduces the Bank Administration Procedure (BAP) for use where part of a failing bank’s business has been transferred, by means of the SRR, to a private bank or a bridge bank. The transposition of the Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) has extended the resolution regime to investment banks and financial groups. The chapter also explains objectives to safeguard depositors and client assets and money. The chapter also explains the resolution techniques to assist the resolution process. The chapter also looks at the UK’s relationship and responsibilities with the European Union in resolution post Brexit.
Challenge of Arbitral Awards
Authors: Blackaby Nigel , Partasides Constantine , Redfern Alan
Published: November 2022

This chapter expounds on the methods, grounds, and effects of challenging arbitral awards. The appeal over an arbitral award depends on whether the relevant rules of arbitration established any international appeal procedure or investment arbitration systems. Unlike litigation and mitigation, parties choosing arbitration means they are chasing finality and prepared to for a fight in the highest court. The purpose of challenging an award before a national court is to declare that the award will become null and void. However, a competent court could refuse to grant recognition to the declaration that has been set aside by a court of the seat of arbitration.
European Cross-Border Insolvency Law
Authors: Bork Reinhard , Mangano Renato
Published: November 2022

The first edition of this textbook was published in 2016, but since then the legal and factual scenario of European cross-border insolvency law has changed dramatically. In particular, three main events have occurred. First, the prescriptions of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 (Recast) have become applicable; second, the UK has left the European Union, without this completely reducing the meaning of the regulation for the UK though; and third, the European Union has enacted Directive (EU) 2019/1023 on preventive restructuring and insolvency. Moreover, since 2016, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has delivered significant new judgments, albeit regarding the Regulation (EU) 1346/2000; national courts have started applying the prescriptions of Regulation (EU) 2015/848; scholars have produced numerous papers and commentaries on Regulation (EU) 2015/848; and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) has issued relevant new documents such as the 2018 'Model Law on Recognition and Enforcement of Insolvency-Related Judgments' and the 2019 'Model Law on Enterprise Group Insolvency'. The second edition of this textbook maintains its original purpose of providing readers with a user-friendly framework so that they may understand the rationale of Regulation (EU) 2015/848 and be consistent in their application of its prescriptions. However, in order to analyse the impact of the new events and discuss the most recent interpretations of judges and scholars, each chapter has been given new bibliographical references, supplemented with further observations, and, in some cases, even reorganised.
International Jurisdiction
Authors: Bork Reinhard
Published: November 2022

This chapter tackles the European Insolvency Regulation (EIR) covering Member States’ jurisdiction on opening main insolvency proceedings. The decisiveness of the Centre of Main Interests (COMI) play a vital role within the system of the EIR and the matter of Member States opening main insolvency proceedings across Europe. COMI is referred to be the place where the debtor conducts the administration of its interests regularly. Additionally, COMI is a place that is ascertainable by third parties. The EIR contains a specific regulation wherein it concerns jurisdiction for related actions, which is tested through the Gourdain formula as per Article Six of the EIR.
Secondary Insolvency Proceedings
Authors: Bork Reinhard
Published: November 2022

This chapter expounds on how the Insolvency Regulation permits the opening of territorial proceedings conducted parallel to main proceedings. It includes how it would change the concept of universality through the existence of secondary proceedings, which serves the purpose of affecting assets within the Member State. The EIR implements the international insolvency laws which are guided by the principles of unity and universalism. While the EIR does not define secondary proceedings, the conclusion could be derived from the EIR’s Article Three which explained that secondary proceedings are territorial proceedings opened in a Member State. The chapter also explores the principles of modified unity and modified universalism.
Military HealthySteps Pilot Program Outcome Study
Authors: Chooey Jonathan , Scott Matthew , Patterson Paul , Jordan Bonnie , Roy Daniel , Flake Eric
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Military families face many unique challenges, including frequent separations, demanding work hours, and relocations. The HealthySteps (HS) program may offset these challenges utilizing the expertise of a nonclinical child development specialist called a HS specialist who offers enhanced well-child visits (WCVs), support between visits, and connections to community resources. Our study sought to identify the impact of the military HS pilot program on the timeliness of WCVs, immunizations, routine behavioral and developmental screenings, and referrals to community resources within the first 15 months of life (MOL).

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed charts of 26 HS-enrolled and 26 randomly selected age-matched non-HS–enrolled children from age 2 to 15 MOL. Demographic variables obtained include child’s gender, child’s birth order, mother’s age, active duty parent’s rank classification, and active duty parent’s gender. We examined five outcomes measures aligning with the American Academy of Pediatrics health supervision, immunization, and screening recommendations and National Committee for Quality Assurance Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set measures: (1) completed six or more WCVs in the first 15 MOL, (2) completed developmental screening at the 9-month WCV, (3) up to date on vaccinations at 15 MOL, (4) completed three or more postpartum depression (PPD) screens in the first 6 MOL, and (5) the total number of documented referrals to community resources within the first 15 MOL. Chi-square analysis and independent t-tests were used to compare the groups.

Results

There was no statistical significance (P > .05) between the HS-enrolled and control groups for all five demographic variables. A significantly higher percentage of children in the HS-enrolled group received PPD screening compared to the control group (96% vs. 73.1%, P = .021). The HS-enrolled group had a higher mean number of community resource referrals at 15 MOL of 2.46 (SD = 1.14) vs. the control group with a mean of 0.19 (SD = 0.49). None of the other outcomes showed a statistically significant difference between groups.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate the positive impacts of the military HS program on referrals to community resources and PPD screening, reflecting the HS specialist focus on the family unit. Limitations of this study include the small population size and limited demographic information resulting from the retrospective nature of the study and pilot status of the HS program. Larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the true impact of the HS program in the military health system.
qwind3: UV line-driven accretion disc wind models for AGN feedback
Authors: Quera-Bofarull Arnau , Done Chris , Lacey Cedric G , Nomura Mariko , Ohsuga Ken
Published: November 2022

The ultraviolet (UV) bright accretion disc in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) should give rise to line driving, producing a powerful wind that may play an important role in AGN feedback as well as in producing structures like the broad-line region. However, coupled radiation-hydrodynamic codes are complex and expensive, so we calculate the winds instead using a non-hydrodynamical approach (the qwind framework). The original qwind model assumed the initial conditions in the wind, and had only simple radiation transport. Here, we present an improved version that derives the wind initial conditions and has significantly improved ray tracing to calculate the wind absorption self-consistently, given the extended nature of the UV emission. We also correct the radiation flux for relativistic effects and assess the impact of this on the wind velocity. These changes mean the model is more physical, so its predictions are more robust. We find that, even when accounting for relativistic effects, winds can regularly achieve velocities ≃(0.1−0.5)c, and carry mass-loss rates that can be up to 80 per cent of the accreted mass for black hole masses of 107−9 M⊙, and mass accretion rates of 50 per cent of the Eddington rate. Overall, the ratio of kinetic power carried by the wind to bolometric luminosity increases with mass accretion rate at a given black hole mass, unlike the constant fraction generally assumed in current cosmological simulations that include AGN feedback. The updated code, qwind3, is publicly available in GitHub.1
Dust dynamics in ramses – I. Methods and turbulent acceleration
Authors: Moseley Eric R , Teyssier R , Draine B T
Published: November 2022

Supernova ejecta and stellar winds are believed to produce interstellar dust grains with relatively large sizes. Smaller grains can be produced via the shattering of large grains that have been stochastically accelerated. To understand this stochastic acceleration, we have implemented novel magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) particle-in-cell methods into the astrophysical fluid code ramses. We treat dust grains as a set of massive ‘superparticles’ that experience aerodynamic drag and Lorentz force. We subject our code to a range of numerical tests designed to validate our method in different physical conditions, as well as to illustrate possible mechanisms by which grains can be accelerated. As a final test as well as a foundation for future work, we present the results of decaying dusty MHD turbulence simulations with grain parameters chosen to resemble 1–2 μm grains in typical cold neutral medium conditions. We find that in these conditions, these grains can be effectively accelerated to well beyond their shattering velocities. This is true for both electrically charged and neutral grains. While the peak of the gas-grain relative drift velocity distribution is higher for neutral grains, the drift velocity distribution of charged grains exhibits an extended exponential tail out to much greater velocities. Even so, the shapes of the distributions are such that the extra gas-grain coupling provided by the Lorentz force offers grains relative protection from shattering. We also discuss the connection between our simulations and the relatively pristine ∼μm-sized pre-solar grains that do not appear to have undergone significant wear in their lifetimes.
Modelling internal structure of differentiated asteroids via data-driven approach
Authors: Liang Yuying , Ozaki Naoya , Kawakatsu Yasuhiro , Fujimoto Masaki
Published: November 2022

This paper is devoted to an interdisciplinary method modelling the internal structure of differentiated asteroids via a data-driven approach called invertible neural networks (INNs). The model estimation of the internal structure can be generalized as an inverse problem of estimating internal parameters from a set of observations. Previous works (e.g. Park et al. 2014; Takahashi and Scheeres 2014) used the full gravity field data measures to derive the heterogeneous mass distribution. However, in our method, only the flight state of the spacecraft is adopted as the observation data. Since the internal parameters may not be uniquely determined, typical feedforward neural networks cannot simply be applied to such an inverse problem. The INNs adopted in this paper can ‘read’ the interior information from a flight trajectory of the spacecraft directly. The INNs are employed to establish the two-directional mapping between the group of physical parameters and the set of flight state observations of position and velocity. The INNs are trained in a bi-directional way using four losses. Finally, the performances of the trained networks are shown in both overfit and underfit situations where the internal structure of asteroids can be estimated by this INNs-based method accurately and effectively. The results also show that even when the degeneracy occurs, the true solution still falls inside the estimation distribution.
Gravitational waves from small spin-up and spin-down events of neutron stars
Authors: Yim Garvin , Jones D I
Published: November 2022

It was recently reported that there exists a population of ‘glitch candidates’ and ‘antiglitch candidates’ which are effectively small spin-ups and spin-downs of a neutron star with magnitudes smaller than those seen in typical glitches. The physical origin of these small events is not yet understood. In this paper, we outline a model that can account for the changes in spin, and crucially, is independently testable with gravitational wave observations. In brief, the model posits that small spin-up/spin-down events are caused by the excitation and decay of non-axisymmetric f-modes which radiate angular momentum away in a burst-like way as gravitational waves. The model takes the change in spin frequency as an input and outputs the initial mode amplitude and the signal-to-noise ratio achievable from gravitational wave detectors. We find that the model presented here will become falsifiable once third generation gravitational wave detectors, like the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, begin taking data.
Sub-mm/mm optical properties of real protoplanetary matter derived from Rosetta/MIRO observations of comet 67P
Authors: Bürger Johanna , Glißmann Thilo , Lethuillier Anthony , Bischoff Dorothea , Gundlach Bastian , Mutschke Harald , Höfer Sonja , Wolf Sebastian , Blum Jürgen
Published: November 2022

Optical properties are required for the correct understanding and modelling of protoplanetary and debris discs. By assuming that comets are the most pristine bodies in the Solar system, our goal is to derive optical constants of real protoplanetary material. We determine the complex index of refraction of the near-surface material of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko by fitting the sub-millimetre/millimetre observations of the thermal emission of the comet’s sub-surface made by the Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter with synthetic temperatures derived from a thermophysical model and radiative-transfer models. According to the two major formation scenarios of comets, we model the sub-surface layers to consist of pebbles as well as of homogeneously packed dust grains. In the case of a homogeneous dusty surface material, we find a solution for the length-absorption coefficient of α ≈ 0.22 cm−1 for a wavelength of 1.594 mm and α ≥ 3.84 cm−1 for a wavelength of 0.533 mm and a constant thermal conductivity of 0.006 W m−1 K−1. For the pebble scenario, we find for the pebbles and a wavelength of 1.594 mm a complex refractive index of $n = (1.074 \!-\! 1.256) + \mathit{i} \, (2.580 \!-\! 7.431)\times 10^{-3}$ for pebble radii between 1 and 6 mm. Taking into account other constraints, our results point towards a pebble make-up of the cometary sub-surface with pebble radii between 3 and 6 mm. The derived real part of the refractive index is used to constrain the composition of the pebbles and their volume filling factor. The optical and physical properties are discussed in the context of protoplanetary and debris disc observations.
Energy wrinkles and phase-space folds of the last major merger
Authors: Belokurov Vasily , Vasiliev Eugene , Deason Alis J , Koposov Sergey E , Fattahi Azadeh , Dillamore Adam M , Davies Elliot Y , Grand Robert J J
Published: November 2022

Relying on the dramatic increase in the number of stars with full 6D phase-space information provided by the Gaia Data Release 3, we resolve the distribution of the stellar halo around the Sun to uncover signatures of incomplete phase-mixing. We show that, for the stars likely belonging to the last massive merger, the (vr, r) distribution contains a series of long and thin chevron-like overdensities. These phase-space substructures have been predicted to emerge following the dissolution of a satellite, when its tidal debris is given time to wind up, thin out, and fold. Such chevrons have been spotted in external galaxies before; here, we report the first detection in our own Milky Way. We also show that the observed angular momentum Lz distribution appears more prograde at high energies, possibly revealing the original orbital angular momentum of the in-falling galaxy. The energy distribution of the debris is strongly asymmetric with a peak at low E – which, we surmise, may be evidence of the dwarf’s rapid sinking – and riddled with wrinkles and bumps. We demonstrate that similar phase-space and (E, Lz) substructures are present in numerical simulations of galaxy interactions, both in bespoke N-body runs and in cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in suites. The remnant traces of the progenitor’s disruption and the signatures of the on-going phase-mixing discovered here will not only help to constrain the properties of our Galaxy’s most important interaction, but also can be used as a novel tool to map out the Milky Way’s current gravitational potential and its perturbations.
Predicting sub-millimetre flux densities from global galaxy properties
Authors: Cochrane R K , Hayward C C , Anglés-Alcázar D , Somerville R S
Published: November 2022

Recent years have seen growing interest in post-processing cosmological simulations with radiative transfer codes to predict observable fluxes for simulated galaxies. However, this can be slow, and requires a number of assumptions in cases where simulations do not resolve the interstellar medium (ISM). Zoom-in simulations better resolve the detailed structure of the ISM and the geometry of stars and gas; however, statistics are limited due to the computational cost of simulating even a single halo. In this paper, we make use of a set of high-resolution, cosmological zoom-in simulations of massive ($M_{\star }\gtrsim 10^{10.5}\, \rm {M_{\odot }}$ at z = 2), star-forming galaxies from the FIRE suite. We run the skirt radiative transfer code on hundreds of snapshots in the redshift range 1.5 < z < 5 and calibrate a power-law scaling relation between dust mass, star formation rate, and $870\, \mu \rm {m}$ flux density. The derived scaling relation shows encouraging consistency with observational results from the sub-millimetre-selected AS2UDS sample. We extend this to other wavelengths, deriving scaling relations between dust mass, stellar mass, star formation rate, and redshift and sub-millimetre flux density at observed-frame wavelengths between $\sim \! 340$ and $\sim \! 870\, \mu \rm {m}$. We then apply the scaling relations to galaxies drawn from EAGLE, a large box cosmological simulation. We show that the scaling relations predict EAGLE sub-millimetre number counts that agree well with previous results that were derived using far more computationally expensive radiative transfer techniques. Our scaling relations can be applied to other simulations and semi-analytical or semi-empirical models to generate robust and fast predictions for sub-millimetre number counts.
Euclid detectability of pair instability supernovae in binary population synthesis models consistent with merging binary black holes
Authors: Tanikawa Ataru , Moriya Takashi J , Tominaga Nozomu , Yoshida Naoki
Published: November 2022

We infer the expected detection number of pair instability supernovae (PISNe) during the operation of the Euclid space telescope based on binary population models. Our models reproduce the global maximum at the primary BH mass of ∼9–10 M⊙ and the overall gradient of the primary BH mass distribution in the binary BH merger rate consistent with recent observations. We consider different PISN conditions depending on the 12C(α, γ)16O reaction rate. The fiducial and 3σ models adopt the standard and 3σ smaller reaction rates, respectively. Our fiducial model predicts that Euclid detects several hydrogen-poor PISNe. For the 3σ model, detection of ∼1 hydrogen-poor PISN by Euclid is expected if the stellar mass distribution extends to Mmax  = 600 M⊙, but the expected number becomes significantly smaller if Mmax  = 300 M⊙. We may be able to distinguish the fiducial and 3σ models by the observed PISN rate. This will help us to constrain the origin of binary BHs and the reaction rate, although there remains a degeneracy between Mmax  and the reaction rate. PISN ejecta mass estimates from light curves and spectra obtained by follow-up observations would be important to disentangle the degeneracy.
SEVA 4.0: an update of the Standard European Vector Architecture database for advanced analysis and programming of bacterial phenotypes
Authors: Martínez-García Esteban , Fraile Sofía , Algar Elena , Aparicio Tomás , Velázquez Elena , Calles Belén , Tas Huseyin , Blázquez Blas , Martín Bruno , Prieto Clara , Sánchez-Sampedro Lucas , Nørholm Morten H H , Volke Daniel C , Wirth Nicolas T , Dvořák Pavel , Alejaldre Lorea , Grozinger Lewis , Crowther Matthew , Goñi-Moreno Angel , Nikel Pablo I , Nogales Juan , de Lorenzo Víctor
Published: November 2022

The SEVA platform (https://seva-plasmids.com) was launched one decade ago, both as a database (DB) and as a physical repository of plasmid vectors for genetic analysis and engineering of Gram-negative bacteria with a structure and nomenclature that follows a strict, fixed architecture of functional DNA segments. While the current update keeps the basic features of earlier versions, the platform has been upgraded not only with many more ready-to-use plasmids but also with features that expand the range of target species, harmonize DNA assembly methods and enable new applications. In particular, SEVA 4.0 includes (i) a sub-collection of plasmids for easing the composition of multiple DNA segments with MoClo/Golden Gate technology, (ii) vectors for Gram-positive bacteria and yeast and [iii] off-the-shelf constructs with built-in functionalities. A growing collection of plasmids that capture part of the standard—but not its entirety—has been compiled also into the DB and repository as a separate corpus (SEVAsib) because of its value as a resource for constructing and deploying phenotypes of interest. Maintenance and curation of the DB were accompanied by dedicated diffusion and communication channels that make the SEVA platform a popular resource for genetic analyses, genome editing and bioengineering of a large number of microorganisms.