bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency Control of the Dynamic State of an Induction Motor Based on Forecasting
Authors:   T.F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Eshchin Evgeny
Published: November 2021

The problem of frequency control of the dynamic state of an induction motor (IM) is considered on the basis of predicting its state. The significance of L. Euler's method of the first order in the numerical solution of ordi-nary differential equations as a predictor - a tool for the formation of predicted values of control actions in de-termining the analytical designs of electric drive control systems based on IM, built using algorithms of the classical theory of the calculus of variations - is noted. It is proposed to use a digital dynamic model of IM, which is implemented on the basis of numerical methods for solving ordinary differential equations as a model that predicts the behavior of real IM. It has been established that the possible found solutions of the optimal problem of frequency control of the IM state in the form of analytical connections of control actions (frequency, voltage) with the parameters of the state estimation of the model - the IM predictor (electromagnetic torque, ro-tor speed, stator (rotor) flux linkage, etc.) can be used as predictors for real control.
Estimation of Damage Rotor Shaft of Turbogenerators with a Diode Brushless Excitation System
Authors:   Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Grabovskii Vladimir
Published: November 2021

The damage to the rotor shafts of high-power turbo generators is estimated as a result of the resonant in-teraction between the generator and the exciter caused by the operation of the automatic excitation regulator (AER) by mathematical modeling. The analysis covers turbo generators with a capacity of 300 to 1000 MW with a diode brushless excitation system (DBES). The simulated circuit includes a turbo generator with a block transformer, a power transmission line, an exciter in the form of a reversed synchronous generator with a rotat-ing rectifier diode converter unit, a static thyristor converter, and a sub-exciter in the form of a synchronous machine with permanent magnets. When modeling the electrical part, an approach is used from the positions of its own coordinates, which ensures maximum methodological consistency of the models of the listed devices and allows directly reproducing resonant phenomena at torsional vibration frequencies with the determination of instantaneous values of currents, voltages and electromagnetic moments of the turbo generator and exciter. The mechanical system is presented taking into account the exciter and sub-exciter as a seven-mass system. AER is introduced into the mathematical model by means of transfer functions with corresponding coefficients and time constants. The control system of the thyristor converter is represented in the model by a generator of line-arly increasing signals, a body for comparing these signals with the signal from the AER and a control pulse generator. To assess the damage rate, the deformation criterion for soft and hard loads in the zone of low-cycle fatigue and the force criterion in the zone of multi-cycle fatigue were used. A comparative quantitative assess-ment of the damage in the neck of the G-E shaft line in the resonant interaction between the exciter and the generator with different automatic excitation control systems is given. The influence of attenuation of electro-magnetic transients and damping of torsional vibrations on the damage values is analyzed. The results ob-tained can be used to analyze the functioning and determine the settings of the AER.
Epidemiological aspects of toxocariasis in the astrakhan region in 2000–2019
Authors: Irdeeva Victoria A. , Arakelian Rudolf S. , Okunskaya Elena I. , Karpenko Svetlana F. , Shendo Gennadiy L.
Published: November 2021

The clinical and epidemiological situations of toxocariasis were analyzed following the International Classification of Diseases X revision (B83.0 Visceral form of diseases caused by the migration of helminth larvae [visceral Larva migrans]. Toxocariasis) in the Astrakhan region from 2000 to 2019. During this period, 76 (0.096%) cases of toxocarous infestation in humans were reported. Clinically, typical toxocariasis was found in 53 (69.7%) cases, and atypical (erased or asymptomatic) was noted in 23 (30.3%) cases. A typical toxocariasis presented as a gastrointestinal lesion in 32 (60.4%) patients, pain in the epigastric region in 31 (96.9%), complaints in the right hand in 12 (37.5%), bloating in 4 (12.5%), decreased and/or lack of appetite and nausea in 7 (21.9%), coughing in 30 (93.8%), and feeling of asphyxiation at night in 6 (18.8%). In addition, toxocariasis was accompanied by muscle damage, manifested in the form of complaints of joint pain, in 13 (24.5%) cases and rapid fatigue in 12 (92.3%) cases. A mixed form of toxocariasis was observed, manifesting as complaints of general weakness in 8 (15.1%) cases, subphebrilitis in 7 (87.5%), allergic runny nose and urticaria in 6 (75%), and reduced body weight and stratification of nails correspondences in 3 (37.5%). Albendazole was used for treatment. Sanitary and parasitological analysis of soil samples from playgrounds in Astrakhan and Astrakhan region for the presence of eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa, showed fairly high contamination of toxocar eggs in environmental objects. Thus, toxocariasis was registered in individuals of different ages (children and adults). The main causes of infection were close contact with domestic and stray animals, noncompliance with personal hygiene rules, as well as a tendency to geophagia. The criteria for the diagnosis of toxocariasis were the clinical manifestations of invasion and presence of antibodies of 1:800 and higher in the formulation of the immunoassay method.
Prospects for improving immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases
Authors: Stepanov Alexander V. , Myasnikov Vadim A. , Apcel Vasiliy Ya.
Published: November 2021

This study described the perspective and significance of using complex vaccine systems in improving immunoprophylaxis of major infectious diseases of various etiologies and genesis. Immunobiological drugs traditionally used for this purpose, along with the advantages, have disadvantages, such as increased reactogenicity and development of post-vaccine reactions and complications in some cases. Such adverse effects are serious obstacles to immunoprophylaxis on a mass scale. This circumstance was the reason for the improvement of immunoprophylaxis, and the main focus was the creation of chemical, recombinant, and subunit vaccines. However, compared with traditional drugs, these vaccines have inferior effectiveness, even if they are practically reactogenic and do not lead to the development of post-vaccine reactions and complications. The main approaches to the development of effective and safe methods of immunoprophylaxis are considered based on the development of complex vaccine systems, and the components can be protective antigens, biologically active substances of the corresponding microorganisms, adjuvants applied or embedded in the corresponding biologically active, and safe biotechnological platforms. Among the latter, nanoparticles and microparticles of polylactoglycolic acid, liposomes, lipids, and copolymers are recognized as the most suitable for the construction of complex vaccine systems. This paper highlighted new trends in the development of these methods of immunoprophylaxis and their advantages in comparison with traditionally used immunobiological drugs. Moreover, prospects are characterized and examples of developed vaccine preparations are presented. The mechanisms of action of postvaccination immunity and factors that influence its formation are described.
The development and experimental assessment of medical devices protecting eviscerated abdominal organs using the eventration model
Authors: Adamenko Valeriy N. , Golovko Konstantin P. , Suborova Tatiana N. , Toropova Yana G. , Zaichikov Denis A.
Published: November 2021

On an experimental model of eventration in small and large animals (94 rats and 12 pigs), the safety and effectiveness of samples of aseptic protective dressings made of nanomaterials with impregnations used to prevent the development of complications from abdominal organs and tissues in comparison with control ones gauze medical sterile ones were evaluated. After 3 hours, 3 and 7 days after surgery, the viability of the intestinal wall and the presence of complications were assessed on the basis of laboratory, experimental, instrumental and morphological techniques. The assessment of microcirculation (perfusion) of the intestine was carried out using the apparatus LAKK-02. It was found that according to the complex of clinical and laboratory, microbiological, morphological, microcirculatory data and expert assessment, the safest and most effective for the protection of abdominal organs was an aseptic bandage made of non-woven material spunbond impregnated with vinylin + silicone. The initial values of microcirculation parameters in the pig groups were: 18.4 [17.1; 19] perfusion units in the experimental group and 15.6 [6.8; 17.7] perfusion units in the control group. After applying the bandage in the experimental group, the level of microcirculation did not significantly change. In the control group, after 3-hour exposure to the bandage, a decrease in the level of microcirculation was observed to 6.5 [5.1; 8] perfusion units (p 0.05 compared to the initial and similar stage in the experimental group). Thus, an aseptic bandage made of spunbond nanomaterial impregnated with vinylin + silicone retains the necessary moisture and protects the eventrated abdominal organs, demonstrates safe adhesive properties and prevents the development of local and general complications in the early postoperative period.
Comprehensive assessment of hemorrhoidectomy with lateral ultrasonic dissection in the “cut” mode
Authors: Sazonov Aleksey A. , Maistrenko Nicolay A. , Romashchenko Pavel N. , Makarov Ivan A.
Published: November 2021

The effectiveness of the original technique of hemorrhoidectomy with lateral ultrasonic dissection in the cutting mode was analyzed from a clinical standpoint and studied according to pathomorphological changes in tissues during its use. A comparative assessment of the immediate results of treatment as well as pathomorphological changes in the tissue of removed hemorrhoids in two groups of patients was performed. The main group included 30 patients in whom the original hemorrhoidectomy technique with lateral ultrasound dissection in the cutting mode was used. The control group consisted of 30 patients who underwent Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy using electrocoagulation. No significant difference was found between these groups in terms of the age and sex structure of patients, as well as the main clinical characteristics of the disease. In a comparative analysis of the immediate treatment results, the intensity of the pain syndrome and the incidence of postoperative complications were lower in the main group than in the control group. In the assessment of pathomorphological changes, the depth of coagulation necrosis and the severity of necrobiotic changes in the underlying layer after hemorrhoidectomy with lateral ultrasonic dissection in the cutting mode were significantly less than those after Milligan Morgan surgery using electrocoagulation. A significant difference was also revealed in the timing of tissue regeneration. The formation of active granulations in the postoperative wound area in the main group was noted on postoperative days 1416, while this process developed no earlier than on postoperative day 20 in the control group. As a result, complete epithelialization of wounds after hemorrhoidectomy with lateral ultrasound dissection in the cutting mode occurred much earlier, i.e., postoperative days 2630. A similar process after the Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy using monopolar coagulation was completed only on postoperative days 3638. Thus, the use of the original technique of lateral ultrasound dissection provides a more sparing effect on tissues, which is the key to a favorable course of the postoperative period and rapid rehabilitation of patients.
Current aspects of diagnosis and treatment of patients with neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Lysanyuk Maxim V. , Romashchenko Pavel N. , Maistrenko Nicolay A.
Published: November 2021

The article presents modern possibilities and existing problematic aspects of the choice of therapeutic and diagnostic tactics in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas are presented. The asymptomatic course of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas was established in 18.5% and 24.6% of cases, respectively. Carcinoid syndrome was detected in 12.9%. The sensitivity rates of chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase in the diagnosis of tumors were 54% and 13%, respectively. The levels of cancer-embryonic antigen in G-1/G-2 and G-3 tumors were 5 ng/ml and 8.9 ng/ml, respectively (p 0.001). A pathognomonic sign of neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine is a mesentery tumor conglomerate, and the sensitivity rates of computed tomography and positron emission tomography with 68Ga to detect this sign were 92.3% and 92.9%, respectively (p 0.05). The computed tomographic density of neuroendocrine pancreatic tumors G-1/G-2 in the arterial phase was 112.1 40.2 HU and that of G-3 tumors was 54.0 10.4 HU (p = 0.025). Surgical treatment was performed in 259 (79.7%) patients. Postoperative complications that developed in localized and locally distributed neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and of the pancreas were found in 3.5% and 8.8%, and in 58.1% and 40% of the cases, respectively, and those of generalized tumors were noted in 20%. The tumor-specific 5-year survival rates of patients with localized neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas were 92.5% and 94.4%, those with locally distributed tumors had 66.8% and 77.8%, and those with generalized tumors had 51.8% and 47.1%, respectively. In patients with generalized tumors, the 5-year survival rates after cytoreduction and removal of the primary tumor were 88.2% and 64.6%, respectively (p = 0.097), and the rate after drug therapy was 28.8% (p 0.001). The prognosis of the 5-year survival of patients is determined by the degree of malignancy and tumor localization, treatment method, and patient age. In general, neuroendocrine tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that require a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and choice of therapeutic strategies.
180 years of serving The Homeland (for the anniversary of the department and сlinic of faculty surgery of S.P. Fedorov)
Authors: Maistrenko Nicolay A. , Romashchenko Pavel N.
Published: November 2021

This study presents the main historical aspects of the formation and subsequent development of the department and clinic of the faculty surgery of S.P. Fedorov, which is one of the leading surgical institutions in Russia. The main achievements of the multifaceted activities of the department and clinical teams over a 180-year period of fruitful work are analyzed. The paper also highlighted the role of N.I. Pirogov as a brilliant surgeon and the first head of the department in the formation of the basic principles of the development of surgery as a clinical and scientific discipline, which formed the basis for the subsequent work of the department team. The implementation of his innovative idea at that time of combining the department and clinic made it possible to implement the concept of surgery at the patients bedside; as a result, its theoretical and practical foundations were harmoniously combined in the educational process. This contributed to the formation of clinical thinking and significantly increased the level of professional training of doctors. Students of N.I. Pirogov have rich scientific, clinical, and pedagogical potential, which was accompanied by loyalty to traditions. Professor S.P. Fedorov made a huge contribution to the development of the scientific department school. For more than 30 years of his brilliant leadership, the department has become a real cradle of several scientific and practical areas, including urology, oncology, transfusiology, neurosurgery, hepatobiliary, and endocrine surgery. Compliance with the continuity between subsequent generations of surgeons, together with the talent and outstanding abilities of the department heads, such as V.N. Shamov, V.M. Sitenko, and N.A. Maistrenko, made it possible not only to implement the ideas of N.I. Pirogov but also to create a unique scientific school, whose representatives have made a great contribution to the development of several surgical disciplines.
Endovideogernioplasty in patients with inguinal hernias: advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Romashchenko Pavel N. , Kurygin Alexander A. , Semenov Valery V. , Mamoshin Alexey A.
Published: November 2021

This study analyzed the results of treatment of patients with inguinal hernias, with an assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of endovideosurgical hernioplasty techniques. The clinical study used the data of 1317 patients with inguinal hernias. The results revealed that the totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair had some advantages over laparoscopic hernioplasty, such as a shorter duration of surgery (43 15 min), mild pain on a visual analog scale, and an average bed-day after surgery. Complications were diagnosed in 16 (1.2%) patients, and most had ClavienDindo grade II complications. Relapses were detected in 7 (0.5%) cases. Thus, endoscopic hernioplasty (laparoscopic and totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty) was the preferred surgery for patients with bilateral inguinal hernia, recurrent hernia after traditional hernioplasty, and metabolic syndrome and young people of working age. The use of a modified technique of totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty with a clear understanding of the multifascial structure of the anterior abdominal wall may reduce the risks of both intraoperative and postoperative complications and increase the cost-effectiveness of treatment of patients with inguinal hernias, allowing us to obtain good results.
Infectious and inflammatory complications after endoscopic hernioplasty in patients with postoperative ventral hernias: features of diagnosis and treatment strategies
Authors: Semenov Valery V. , Prudyeva Sofya А. , Kurygin Alexander A.
Published: November 2021

An algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious and inflammatory complications after endovideosurgical hernioplasty in patients with postoperative ventral hernias using traditional and minimally invasive methods of therapy was proposed. The study was based on the treatment results of 177 patients who underwent endovideosurgery for postoperative ventral hernias. Despite the perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis according to the accepted at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, according to the protocol scheme (first-generation cephalosporin at a dose of 1 g once parenterally 30 min before the operation, followed by repeated administration in case of operation duration of 3 h), course of the early postoperative period on days 35 in 8 (4,5%) patients after endovideosurgical hernioplasty was complicated by suppuration in the intervention area. When analyzing the causes of infectious and inflammatory complications, in both the main and control groups of observations, all suppuration in the area of surgical interventions was diagnosed in patients with metabolic syndrome (stages IIIII obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus). The use of the negative pressure wound therapy resulted in wound cleansing for 4.1 2.5 days (p 0.05) and was comparable with the traditional method of treatment, but more active growth of granulation tissue prevailed in the wound, which contributed to its accelerated healing. The negative pressure wound therapy is effective in the systemic infectious and inflammatory process, especially after prosthetic hernioplasty of large W3-postoperative hernias. Drainage of abscesses under ultrasound navigation is possible with small (S 10 cm2) delimited purulent processes in the area of the polypropylene implant with the preservation of the latter.
The July 2020 Mw 6.3 Nima Earthquake, Central Tibet: A Shallow Normal-Faulting Event Rupturing in a Stepover Zone
Authors: Yang Jiuyuan , Xu Caijun , Wen Yangmao , Xu Guangyu
Published: November 2021

On 22 July 2020, an Mw 6.3 earthquake with a predominantly normal-faulting mechanism struck the Yibug Caka fault zone, central Tibet, where the overall tectonic environment is characterized by left-lateral strike-slip motion. This event offers a chance to gain insight into the tectonic deformation and the cause of shallow normal-faulting earthquakes in this little studied region. Here, we use Sentinel-1A/B Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data to investigate the coseismic and postseismic deformation related to this earthquake. The earthquake ruptured a previously mapped West Yibug Caka fault and is dominated by normal slip with a peak value of 1.9 m at depth of 6.9 km. Postseismic deformation analysis indicates that the observed subsidence signals of up to ∼4.7 cm are a consequence of afterslip. Most of the afterslip is confined at depths between 0.8 and 8.4 km, peaking at 0.27 m at depth of 6.1 km. The significant coseismic slip and afterslip involved in the earthquake highlights a complex interaction between the major normal fault and the secondary synthetic fault. By an integrated analysis of the inversions, regional geology geomorphology, fault kinematics, and seismicity background, we propose a tectonic model that attributes the occurrence of this normal-faulting event to the release of extensional stress in a stepover zone controlled by the northeast-striking sinistral strike-slip Riganpei Co fault and Bu Zang Ai fault. Compared with that the structural stepover often acts as a barrier to affect the propagation of earthquake rupture, our study demonstrates that the failure of a stepover may potentially induce the occurrence of earthquake along the bounding strike-slip faults.
Unexpected Directionality of Failures in the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake near Point Reyes Station
Authors: Brune Richard , Anderson John G. , Brune James N.
Published: November 2021

This study investigates the directions of structural failures and toppling near Point Reyes Station during the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (Mw 7.9). We examined archives of the Jack Mason Museum of West Marin History and other historical sources for photographs and other evidence relevant to the dynamics of the 1906 rupture in this area. Using historical maps, site investigations, and previously unpublished photographs, we determined the precise locations and orientations of several structures, including a correction to the orientation of the train that was the subject of previous studies. Based on the photographic evidence and written accounts, we estimate the direction of toppling or collapse of each structure. Nearly all objects found were thrown in a direction approximately parallel to the right-lateral San Andreas fault, and in the same direction as the static ground displacement. This suggests that fault-parallel accelerations may have been stronger than fault-normal accelerations, and that the slip on the fault may have begun slowly and stopped more suddenly.
Comment on “Which Earthquake Accounts Matter?” by Susan E. Hough and Stacey S. Martin
Authors: Wald David J.
Published: November 2021

In their analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI) data Hough and Martin (2021) claim, among other assertions, that the following: Socioeconomic and geopolitical factors can introduce biases in the USGS’ characterization of earthquakes and their effects, especially if online data collection systems are not designed to be broadly accessible;These biases can, in turn, potentially cascade in myriad ways, potentially shaping our understanding of an earthquake’s impact and the characterization of seismic hazard; andCaution should be urged when relying on data from the DYFI system to characterize the distribution of shaking from large earthquakes in India and other parts of the world (outside of the United States).

Claims of inequity in access, systematic data biases, or urging caution in the usage of data from critical governmental earthquake information systems should not be made, nor taken, lightly. Several assertions made by Hough and Martin (hereafter, H&M) about the nature of DYFI contributors—and the data they provide—leave a false narrative concerning DYFI system accessibility and quality that H&M have not adequately substantiated.

I describe several shortcomings of H&M’s demographic statistics and methodology, focusing on four main concerns. First, DYFI has revolutionized and greatly facilitated access to reporting intensities, in contrast to H&M claims to the contrary. Second, because DYFI does not directly collect demographic data other than the observer’s location, any demographic analyses require extraordinary inferences, well outside the normal bounds of sociodemographic analyses. Third, independent of accessibility and the geographic distribution of contributions from the public, the macroseismic data collected are nonetheless representative of the shaking and impact at each location, of quality, rapid, and thus extremely useful. Lastly, H&M fail to cite critical and pertinent prior, highly relevant scholarly studies, and as such, they misrepresent the novelty of their own work as well as miss key practical matters detailed in those prior studies. Prior to rebutting what H&M claim DYFI does not do, I will remind the reader the ways in which DYFI excels.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Which Earthquake Accounts Matter?’ by Susan E. Hough and Stacey S. Martin” by David J. Wald
Authors: Hough Susan E. , Martin Stacey S.
Published: November 2021

We thank David Wald (Wald, 2021; henceforth, W21) for his interest in our recent article (Hough and Martin, 2021; henceforth, HM21). Although different perspectives are vital in science, we are concerned that W21 misrepresents HM21 as an oblique criticism of the U.S. Geological Survey “Did You Feel It?” (DYFI) system, calling for HM21 to be retracted. Readers who are interested in the issues raised by HM21 and the statements made by us therein are referred to that article. In this brief reply, we respond to specific accusations made by W21 and return to the focus of HM21, calling attention to the extent to which macroseismic data sets and inferences drawn from them can be shaped by a lack of representation among individuals whose observations are available to science. HM21 never questioned the benefits of the community science DYFI project to science. HM21 noted, however, and we reiterate here, that community science also potentially benefits the community. Whether or not it matters for science, if participation in community science projects is unrepresentative across socioeconomic groups, it underscores the need for the scientific community to be proactive in its efforts to reach out to groups that have been underserved by current outreach and education programs. We appreciate this opportunity to continue the important conversation about representation.
Google Street View as a Teaching Tool for Assessing Earthquake Building Damage
Authors: Davis William
Published: November 2021

Damage to infrastructure is one of the most visible impacts that earthquakes have on our daily lives. For this reason, introductory undergraduate courses in seismology and related fields often cover earthquake damage in relation to seismic hazard and risk. This topic is commonly introduced by viewing examples of damage, either through static images or videos. Subsequent coursework frequently involves excursions to the field for in-person site inspections and relating the damage to seismic intensity and other parameters of strong ground motion. These field visits provide students with valuable opportunities to apply classroom knowledge to real-world settings. At the time of writing, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has forced many university classes to cancel field visits, depriving students of these experiences. In this EduQuakes article, I present a lesson plan that attempts to simulate a field visit for assessing earthquake damage in an online setting using the interactive online resource Google Street View to view an area before and after an earthquake. This format facilitates active and exploratory learning and encourages students to build the necessary skills required for further studies in more advanced geoscience courses. I include the lesson plan and a compilation of relevant resources in the supplemental material to this article.
Bioética en lo cotidiano como acontecimiento educativo para el siglo XXI: Estructura mental colectiva para favorecer la Ecología Humana
Authors:   Universidad Libre, Cabrera Esperanza
Published: November 2021

Este texto, producto de la labor investigativa propone generar espacios y estilos de trabajo diferentes para reflexionar, discutir y razonar asuntos que afectan nuestra vida. Invita a comprender con la Bioética que para incidir en la vida de comunidad se hace necesario incluir en la agenda educativa temas que fortalezcan los nexos entre educación y educación moral, educación con justicia social y formación ciudadana. En otras palabras, prudentemente alienta a que la educación debe atender rigurosamente el asunto del desarrollo moral. Es así como se puede aportar para formar seres humanos íntegros, como señala Lawrence Kohlberg en sus propuestas. Es necesario potenciar personas que logren asumir una moral postconvencional, centrada en reflexionar, analizar, argumentar desde principios y valores éticos universales el quehacer cotidiano, para decidir a favor de la vida en cada contexto según su rol en el actuar protegiendo la vida. Esta es una urgencia en el mundo actual. Por lo anterior, el presente texto aporta en la reflexión mediante la síntesis de asuntos que inciden en el formar personas moralmente íntegras. Parte de reconocer la universidad como el espacio privilegiado para formar personas que aprendan a pensar sobre lo que se piensa, sobre lo que se decide, sobre lo que se hace. La universidad, debe reconocer que es el lugar para responder a la pregunta: ¿Cómo crear un mundo que dé significado a lo que pensamos y sentimos, a lo que decidimos, a lo que hacemos? La universidad5 está llamada a abrir espacios que generen prácticas desde los pilares declarativos de libertad, justicia y fraternidad; se necesitan espacios donde se consideren situaciones que operen de acuerdo con valores democráticos. Necesitamos aprender a pensar sobre lo que pensamos, decidimos y hacemos. Este trabajo investigativo se teje principalmente al caminar el siguiente interrogante: ¿Cómo crear un mundo que dé significado a nuestras vidas, a nuestros actos y a nuestras relaciones? Para responder es necesario retomar a Jerome Bruner desde su libro, “La educación, puerta de la cultura”6, cuando señala: “el objetivo de la educación es ayudarnos a encontrar nuestro camino en nuestra cultura, a comprenderla en sus necesidades y contradicciones”. Asumirla desde lo que requiere continuarse o modificarse cuando se reconocen las bondades de lo que se vive o se ha vivido asume como creencia y se comprenden las limitantes que ella genera para un estar y un desarrollo del ser.
Atmospheric reactive oxygen species and some aspects of the antiviral protection of the respiratory epithelium
Authors: Salmin V.V. , Morgun A.V. , Olovyannikova R.Ya. , Kutyakov V.A. , Lychkovskaya E.V. , Brusina E.B. , Salmina A.B.
Published: November 2021

The review focuses on molecular and biochemical mechanisms of nonspecific protection of respiratory epithelium. The authors provide a comprehensive analysis of up-to-date data on the activity of the lactoperoxidase system expressed on the surface of the respiratory epithelium which provides the generation of hypothiocyanate and hypoiodite in the presence of locally produced or inhaled hydrogen peroxide. Molecular mechanisms of production of active compounds with antiviral and antibacterial effects, expression profiles of enzymes, transporters and ion channels involved in the generation of hypothiocyanite and hypoiodate in the mucous membrane of the respiratory system in physiological and pathological conditions (inflammation) are discussed. In the context of antibacterial and antiviral defense special attention is paid to recent data confirming the effects of atmospheric air composition on the efficiency of hypothiocyanite and hypoiodate synthesis in the respiratory epithelium. The causes and outcomes of lactoperoxidase system impairment due to the action of atmospheric factors are discussed in the context of controlling the sensitivity of the epithelium to the action of bacterial agents and viruses. Restoration of the lactoperoxidase system activity can be achieved by application of pharmacological agents aimed to compensate for the lack of halides in tissues, and by the control of chemical composition of the inhaled air.
Increase in the level of orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) mRNA in the brain structures of rats prone to impulsivity in behavior
Authors: Sekste E.A. , Lebedev A.A. , Bychkov E.R. , Airapetov M.I. , Gramota K.E. , Thyssen I.Yu. , Shabanov P.D.
Published: November 2021

Orexin and its receptors are involved in the mechanisms of pathological craving for alcohol and psychoactive drugs. The orexin system is also involved in the mechanisms of non-chemical forms of addiction: binge eating and gambling. The aim of this work was to study the level of orexin receptor mRNA in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex of rats prone to impulsivity in behavior in a model for studying the elements of gambling addiction (a variant of the Iowa Gambling Task test). Brain structures were isolated on the 22nd day of the experiment. The expression of the OX1R gene was higher in the hypothalamus by 122% and in the hippocampus by 149% in rats that preferred to receive a high reward, but with a low probability as compared with a group of animals that preferred a low level of reinforcement, but with a 100% probability. In the prefrontal cortex, on the contrary, no significant changes were observed in the level of OX1R mRNA. The level of OX2R mRNA insignificantly changed in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex of rats prone to impulsivity in behavior. The data indicate involvement of OX1R in the hypothalamus and hippocampus in mechanisms mediating impulsive behavior and the choice of the significance of positive reinforcement in terms of its varying strength and probability.
The Impact of ISO 14001 environmental standards on exports
Authors: Blyde Juan S.
Published: November 2021

Analyses that examine the role of international standards on export performance has been concentrated on quality certifications. Very little is known about the impact of environmental certifications on exports. In this paper we employ firm-level data from Ecuador to assess the impact of the ISO 14001 environmental certification on export outcomes. The results show that holding an ISO 14001 increases the likelihood of becoming an exporter by 0.31 percentage points (equivalent to 4%), and that this positive effect is concentrated among large firms. We did not find evidence that the environmental certification has a causal impact on the level or the growth rate of exports. Consequently, the results suggest that the ISO 14001 certification is most useful in reducing information frictions, allowing firms to initiate export transactions.
Діяльність необанків на ринку фінансових послуг в Україні та світі
Authors: Лобозинська Софія , Скоморович Ірина , Владичин Уляна
Published: November 2021

У статті розкрито сутність та специфіку діяльності необанків в умовах цифрової трансформації фінансового ринку. Авторами виокремлено типи необанків, здійснено порівняльну характеристику необанків та традиційних банків. Розкрито шляхи взаємодії банків з фінансово-технологічними компаніями. Досліджено діяльність українських необанків та окреслено перспективи побудови сприятливої еко-системи розвитку необанків в Україні.
Розвиток програмного забезпечення як технічної складової організації бухгалтерського обліку в ломбардах
Authors: Гончаренко Олена , Шинкаренко Ольга
Published: November 2021

В статті деталізовані вимоги до програмного забезпечення ломбардів, що повинні корелювати як з нормативним вимогам, так і забезпечувати інформаційні потреби внутрішніх користувачів. Відповідно до визначених вимог, надано оцінку сучасним програмним продуктам і сервісам, призначеним для ведення бухгалтерського обліку діяльності ломбардів, та відзначено їх «неповноцінність» в реалізації процесу звітування. Виокремлено системи забезпечення подання електронної звітності та обміну електронними документами, які можуть бути інтегровані з існуючими програмними продуктами і сервісами ломбардів. Обґрунтовано та деталізовано критерії оптимального вибору програмного забезпечення ломбардів, конкретизація яких повинна здійснюватися кожною установою самостійно та враховувати реципрокність технічних пристроїв та програмного забезпечень.
Identification of key genes involved in Brg1 mutation-induced cataract using bioinformatics analyses with publicly available microarray data
Authors: Li Chen , Li Jianqing , Lu Peirong
Published: November 2021

Background: Cataract is a common and frequently occurring disease in the elderly. The Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) is believed to be related to the formation of cataract, but its mechanisms still remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate how a Brg1 mutation affects lens development and promotes the formation of cataract in mice. Methods: We used mRNA profiles downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to compare the tissue samples of lenses from 4 dominant-negative Brg1(dnBrg1) transgenic mice and 4 wild-type mice. Then, the NetworkAnalyst online tool was employed to screen for the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Reactome pathway analysis were examined in DEGs by using Metascape. In addition, we applied the STRING online tool and Cytoscape software to build the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, the CytoNCA plug-in was used to choose the central modules from the PPI network. Results: 323 DEGs were filtered in total, 222 of which were up-regulated genes and enriched in the cell cycle process regulation, mitotic G1-G1/S phase, mRNA splicing, etc., while 101 of which were down-regulated genes and enriched in the organ hydroxy compound transport, synaptic vesicle cycle and neuron migration. Within this network of PPI, we found that the heat shock protein 90 alpha (cytosolic), class B member 1 (HSP90ab1), the polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide E (Polr2e), the cell division cycle 20 (Cdc20) and the polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide C (Polr2c) had higher connectivity degrees and may interact and influence each other. Conclusions: The Brg1 mutation affected expression of various genes in mice, such as HSP90ab1, Polr2e, Cdc20, and Polr2c. These genes may have some effects on the occurrence and development of cataract, and may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the cataract treatment.
Corylin sensitizes breast cancer cells to overcome tamoxifen resistance by regulating OAS1/miR-22-3p/SIRT1 axis
Authors: Che Li , Yang Hongru , Wang Daijie , Liu Shourong
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer (BCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death among women worldwide. At present, the clinical treatment with tamoxifen (TAM) is challenged by the development of drug resistance. To investigate the effect of corylin on TAM resistance in BCa cells, this study investigated the molecular mechanisms involving miRNA-mRNA targets modulated by corylin. The TAM-resistant MCF-7TR and T47DTR cell lines were generated, and it was found that corylin treatment reduced the cell viability of these cells significantly. Furthermore, OAS1 was validated to be highly expressed in TAM-resistant cells, while OAS1 knockdown sensitized MCF-7TR and T47DTR cells to TAM treatment. Meanwhile, OAS1 was also repressed by corylin treatment, indicating that OAS1 was a key regulator of corylin function. Through bioinformatic analysis, the tumor suppressive miRNA miR-22-3p was identified to directly target and inhibit OAS1. Moreover, corylin treatment up-regulated miR-22-3p expression, which thus down-regulated the OAS1 expression. Interestingly, OAS1 itself functioned as a miR-22-3p sponge to repress miR-22-3p expression. Further, SIRT1 was identified to be up-regulated in TAM-resistant cells and participated in the OAS1/miR-22-3p regulatory axis via the miR-22-3p direct target. In conclusion, corylin sensitized TAM-resistant cells to TAM treatment by inhibiting OAS1 expression and modulating the OAS1/miR-22-3p/SIRT1 axis.
Farmers’ Use of Social Media and its Implications for Agricultural Extension: Evidence from Thailand
Authors: Kanjina Sukit
Published: November 2021

Social media are viewed as having potential for agricultural extension. This study therefore surveyed social media use by farmers in a developing country, and their role as a source of agricultural information. To this end, 365 farmers in Chiang Mai, Thailand, were sampled and interviewed using a questionnaire. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents (81.92%) did not adopt social media and, these remained marginal as a source of agricultural information for farmers. Those using social media (18.08%) employed certain applications, i.e., LINE, Facebook and YouTube, mainly for communication, new updates and entertainment. Younger farmers and farmers with a higher formal education related to social media use significantly. To fully harness the potentials of social media for agricultural extension, more farmers need to be encouraged to use them, while relevant agencies also are required to provide support for this effort, such as staff training in social media use, and enabling a social media policy.
Incivility toward nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Atashzadeh Shoorideh Foroozan , Moosavi Soolmaz , Balouchi Abbas
Published: November 2021

One important part of a nurse’s job is to create and help maintain a safe work environment. Evidence shows that negative behaviors such as incivility are not uncommon in the nursing profession. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the prevalence of incivility toward nurses. For this purpose, all observational studies that primarily investigated the rate of incivility toward nurses were selected. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciences, Magiran, IranDoc, and Scopus were searched for studies published during the period of January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2019. The quality of studies was assessed using Hoy’s Critical Assessment Checklist. The study was undertaken using the random effects model, and data were analyzed using STATA14. 
Data on 60 articles, including data on 30801 individuals, published between 1997 and 2019, entered the study. The findings showed the prevalence of incivility to be 55.10% (95%, CI: 48.05, 62.06).
Due to the high prevalence of uncivil behavior, especially of the verbal type, nursing managers should identify risk factors in the workplace. Planners should develop programs to increase workplace safety, especially in centers that are most exposed to these behaviors. It is also recommended that future studies focus on implementation of effective evidence-based interventions based on organizational culture.
Association of IL4 rs2070874, FoxP3 rs3761548 Polymorphisms with Keratoconus in Algeria
Authors: Meteoukki Wafaa , Fodil Mostefa , Adda Negaz Nawel , Rahmoun Nesrine , Lardjam Hetraf Sarah , Ouhaibi Djellouli Hadjira , Djelti Messal Ahlem , Abdi Meriem , Samia Aberkane Meriem , Chiali Abdelillah , Derdour Amine , Idder Aicha , Zemani-Fodil Faouzia
Published: November 2021

Purpose: The aim of this case–control study was to determine the impact of environmental factors on the predisposition to develop keratoconus in a sample of Western Algerian population. Subsequently, we were interested in the implication of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) IL4 rs2070874 and FOXP3 rs3761548, previously described as contributing to the occurrence of allergy, in the development of keratoconus.
Methods: The study included 70 unrelated KC cases and 70 controls originating from Western Algeria. DNA genotyping was done using predesigned probe-based allelic discrimination TaqMan® assays. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the cases and controls by Chi-square test and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
Results: A significant association between risk factors such as family history, atopy, eye rubbing, and the development of keratoconus was found in our sample. Smoking would provide a protective effect against the pathology. No statistically significant differences were found in the allele and genotype frequencies between cases and controls neither for IL4 rs2070874 nor for FOXP3 rs3761548.
Conclusion: Our study provides, for the first time, a clear demonstration of the absence of association of the allergy-associated IL4 and FOXP3 polymorphisms with KC in a sample from Western Algerian population.
Carrier Status for p.Gly61Glu and p.Arg368His CYP1B1 Mutations Causing Primary Congenital Glaucoma in Iran
Authors: Heshmati Ali , Taghizadeh Peyman , Ahmadieh Hamid , Yaseri Mehdi , Suri Fatemeh , Alizadeh Mahsa , Dadashzadeh Marjan , Khatami Hajar , Moradkhah Navi Monireh , Zamanparvar Parisa , Behboudi Hassan , Elahi Elahe
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To estimate carrier frequencies of CYP1B1 mutations p.Gly61Glu and p.Arg368His, respectively, in Talesh and the east of Guilan province in Iran with a maximum error of 2%. Previously, it was shown that these CYP1B1 mutations may be relatively prevalent in these regions.
Methods: Population-based screenings were performed. DNA was extracted from saliva samples of 1036 individuals from Talesh and 3029 individuals from the east of Guilan. P.Gly61Glu and p.Arg368His screenings were performed, respectively, by RFLP and ARMS-based PCR protocols. For confirmation, the DNA of individuals with mutations was sequenced using the Sanger protocol.
Results: Nine individuals from Talesh (0.86%; 95%CI: 0.45–1.64%) carried the p.Gly61Glu mutation, and 73 from the east of Guilan (2.41%; 95%CI: 1.91–3.04%) carried p.Arg368His. There was no significant difference in frequencies between urban and rural regions of the various cities, nor among four cities within the east of Guilan.
Conclusion: The frequencies of p.Gly61Glu carriers in Talesh and of p.Arg368His carriers in the east of Guilan were within the 95% confidence interval of a previous study based on screenings of fewer individuals. The reliability of the recent estimates is higher, as the confidence interval for p.Gly61Glu decreased from 6.5% to 1.19% and the interval for p.Arg368His decreased from 4% to 1.13%. Based on the new findings, the maximum expected frequency of p.Gly61Glu carriers in Talesh is 1.64%, and of p.Arg368His carriers in the east of Guilan is 3%. The need for performing premarital screenings in the respective cities can be evaluated.