bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traditional Versus Digital Assessment Methods
Authors: Devran Begüm Çubukçuoğlu , Elçi Alev
Published: February 2020

Higher education has focused on adopting emerging digital technologies for teaching and learning in recent years. Regarding the technology changes in empowering skills of students, assessment in teaching and learning started to evolve from traditional to more alternative and finally to digital assessment. For example, augmented reality and learning analytics are becoming more popular in assessments. After a comprehensive literature review, this chapter explains the types of digital assessment methods, their advantages, and disadvantages for both faculty and learners. The role of faculty and needs for faculty development are put forward.
Assessment as Learning
Authors: Novogen Olga , Nina Birnaz , Railean Elena Aurel
Published: February 2020

There are three types of assessment: assessment for learning, assessment of learning, and assessment as learning. Assessment as learning refers to the use of ongoing self-assessment, reflection, and deeper understanding. Within the entrepreneurial program of the initial vocational-technical schools, the role of assessment refers to the facilitation of the students' personality (commitment to self-assessment; tolerance to ambiguity, uncertainty, as well as creativity, self-reliance, adaptability, motivation to excel, leadership) that are expected to line skills for a successful entrepreneurial competence. This chapter analyzes the specific features of the assessment model for entrepreneurial education programs. The core of the model is an instructional dynamic and flexible strategy, based on integration formative and summative assessment. Thus, the course in entrepreneurial competence is divided into three modules. The finality of each module is measured by formative computer-based assessment tests.
Computer Technology of Pedagogical Monitoring of Foreign Language Training Based on Modular Approach
Authors: Bagateeva Angelina Olegovna , Akhmetzyanova Guliya Nailevna , Valeyeva Nailya Shaukatovna
Published: February 2020

This chapter presents the structure and content of foreign language communicative competence in the form of a set of competencies (linguistic; speech; sociocultural; strategic; self-education), each of which includes invariant and variable elements. Pedagogical monitoring of foreign language training is considered as a specially organized continuous process of selective monitoring to develop a control action based on the analysis of the results that is multifunctional, and implements information, analytical, diagnostic, monitoring, and corrective functions. The authors' computer program implements informational, analytical, diagnostic, and monitoring functions, and opens up fundamentally new opportunities for testing to assess the success of the development of language disciplines. In the future, the functionality of the authors' patented computer program can be expanded through the development of an intelligent core, which will make it possible to effectively use computer technology for monitoring, evaluation, and forecasting in the process of foreign language training.
Biodiesel Production
Authors: Alagumalai Avinash
Published: February 2020

Biodiesel, the best-suited replacement for petroleum diesel, is now drawing attention of researchers owing to its advantages and potential for environmental conservation. In this perspective, this chapter explores the need for biodiesel in present-day scenario by highlighting its properties, advantages, and disadvantages. The chapter presents an overview of different techniques proposed by researchers to produce biodiesel. Among different approaches, the emphasis is on catalytic transesterification, non-catalytic transesterification, microwave heating, and ultrasound assisted processes. The chapter also briefly notes the effects of experimental factors on final product recovery.
Magnetic biochar from alkali-activated rice straw for removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution
Authors: Ren Zhaogang , Chen Fang , Wang Bin , Song Zhongxian , Zhou Ziyu , Ren Dong
Published: February 2020

To address organic dye wastewater, economic and effective adsorbents are required. Here, magnetic biochar from alkali-activated rice straw (AMBC) was successfully synthesized using one-step magnetization and carbonization method. The alkaline activation caused the large specific surface area, high pore volume and abundant oxygen-containing groups of the AMBC, and the magnetization gave the AMBC a certain degree of electropositivity and fast equilibrium characteristics. These characteristics collectively contributed to a relative high adsorption capacity of 53.66 mg g−1 for this adsorbent towards rhodamine B (RhB). In brief, RhB can spontaneously adsorb onto the heterogeneous surface of the AMBC and reach the equilibrium in 60 min. Although the initial pH, ionic strength and other substances of the solution affected the adsorption performance of the AMBC, it could be easily regenerated and reused with considerable adsorption content. Based on the results, H-bonds, π–π stacking and electrostatic interactions were speculated as the primary mechanisms for RhB adsorption onto the AMBC, which was also demonstrated by the FTIR analysis. With the advantageous features of low cost, easy separation, considerable adsorption capacity and favorable stability and reusability, the AMBC would be a potential adsorbent for removing organic dyes from wastewater.
Medo e conjuração: desfazendo o parentesco na Amazônia
Authors: Moura Silva Marcelo
Published: February 2020

ResumoA proposta deste artigo é promover uma análise das dinâmicas do parentesco na Amazônia que tome os procedimentos que o desfazem, ou a decisão de não fazê-lo, como índices da influência de um método de administração da alteridade característico das sociedades das terras baixas da América do sul. As múltiplas modulações possíveis que o sujeito ameríndio pode assumir na ontologia multinaturalista, aqui, nos levam a questões que permitem uma análise que conecta as alianças interespecíficas do ambiente perspectivista com as relações interpessoais dos processos do parentesco e as redes intercomunitárias que interligam as diferentes comunidades na Amazônia, como procedimentos que atuam dentro de um mesmo complexo cosmopolítico.Palavras-ChaveParentesco; Multinaturalismo; Cosmopolítica; Identificação; DiferenciaçãoAbstractThe purpose of this article is to promote an analysis of the kinship dynamics in the Amazon taking the procedures that undo it, or the decision not to do it, as indices of the influence of the otherness administration method, characteristic of South America lowlands societies. The multiple possible modulations that the Amerindian subject can assume in the multinaturalist ontology, here, lead us to questions that allow an analysis that connects the interspecific alliances of the perspectivist environment with the interpersonal relations of the kinship processes and the intercommunal networks that connect the different communities in the Amazon, as procedures that operate within the same cosmopolitical complex.KeywordsKinship; Multinaturalism ; Cosmopolitcs; Identification ; Differentiation.
A tessitura da pessoa: o sistema de nomeação Wapichana
Authors: De Sousa Lima Fabio , De Carvalho Cavalcante Olendina , Dos Santos Pereira Lima Danielle
Published: February 2020

A maioria das sociedades indígenas das Terras Baixas da América do Sul privilegia uma reflexão sobre a corporalidade não apenas na elaboração de suas cosmologias, mas também quando elaboram um idioma simbólico focal para a pessoa. A proposta deste artigo consiste em problematizar como o sistema de nominação utilizado pelos Wapichana da aldeia Malacacheta, atual estado de Roraima, enfeixa processos de comunicação do corpo com o mundo. Nominar implica fabricar corpos e tal prática é suplementada pela decoração, afirmação e ritualização dos corpos. O fundamento epistemológico dessa produção converge para os postulados de pessoa, corpo e corporalidade. Trata-se de um estudo onomástico, com enfoque qualitativo, cujo objetivo é mostrar como os Wapichana moldam o corpo por meio de palavras, gestos simbólicos, pinturas, fumigações, ornamentos, rituais e visões cosmogônicas, de modo que o corpo pode ser pensado como matriz de símbolos culturais e configura um objeto de significação social.
Chapando com Benjamin e Burroughs
Authors: Araujo Felipe Neis
Published: February 2020

O autor explora as experiências de Walter Benjamin com o haxixe e as de William Burroughs com o yagé, ensaiando uma reflexão sobre a influência do uso dessas substâncias nos estilos narrativos dos autores. A discussão gira em torno da importância das viagens dos autores – tanto no sentido de deslocamentos físicos quanto de efeitos das substâncias que consumiam – para seus modos de coletar e inventar histórias e descrições etnográficas.
Contribution of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) to severe winter haze in the North China Plain
Authors: Ma Tao , Furutani Hiroshi , Duan Fengkui , Kimoto Takashi , Jiang Jingkun , Zhang Qiang , Xu Xiaobin , Wang Ying , Gao Jian , Geng Guannan , Li Meng , Song Shaojie , Ma Yongliang , Che Fei , Wang Jie , Zhu Lidan , Huang Tao , Toyoda Michisato , He Kebin
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Severe winter hazes accompanied by high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) occur frequently in the North China Plain and threaten public health. Organic matter (OM) and sulfate are recognized as major components of PM2.5, while atmospheric models often fail to predict their high concentrations during severe winter hazes due to incomplete understanding of secondary aerosol formation mechanisms. By using a novel combination of single particle mass spectrometer and optimized ion chromatography measurement, here we show that hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS), formed by the reaction between formaldehyde (HCHO) and dissolved SO2 in aerosol water, is ubiquitous in Beijing winter. The HMS concentration and the molar ratio of HMS to sulfate increased with the deterioration of winter haze. High concentrations of precursors (SO2 and HCHO) coupled with low oxidant levels, low temperature, high relative humidity, and moderately acid pH facilitate the heterogeneous formation of HMS, which could account for up to 15 % of OM in winter haze and lead to 36 % overestimates of sulfate when using traditional ion chromatography measurements. Despite the clean air actions have substantially reduced SO2 emissions, HMS concentration and molar ratio of HMS to sulfate during severe winter hazes increased from 2015 to 2016 with the growth of HCHO concentration. Our findings illustrate the significant contribution of heterogeneous HMS chemistry to severe winter hazes in Beijing, which help to improve the prediction of OM and sulfate, and suggest that the reduction in HCHO can help to mitigate haze pollution.
Rainforest-like Atmospheric Chemistry in a Polluted Megacity
Authors: Newland Mike J. , Bryant Daniel J. , Dunmore Rachel E. , Bannan Thomas J. , Acton W. Joe F. , Langford Ben , Hopkins James R. , Squires Freya A. , Dixon William , Drysdale William S. , Ivatt Peter D. , Evans Mathew J. , Edwards Peter M. , Whalley Lisa K. , Heard Dwayne E. , Slater Eloise J. , Woodward-Massey Robert , Ye Chunxiang , Mehra Archit , Worrall Stephen D. , Bacak Asan , Coe Hugh , Percival Carl J. , Hewitt C. Nicholas , Lee James D. , Cui Tianqu , Surratt Jason D. , Wang Xinming , Lewis Alastair C. , Rickard Andrew R. , Hamilton Jacqueline F.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The impact of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions to the atmosphere on the production of secondary pollutants, such as ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), is mediated by the concentration of nitric oxide (NO). Polluted urban atmospheres are typically considered to be high-NO environments, while remote regions such as rainforests, with minimal anthropogenic influences, are considered to be low-NO. Policy to reduce urban air pollution is typically developed assuming that the chemistry is controlled by the high-NO regime. However, our observations from central Beijing show that this simplistic separation of regimes is flawed. Despite being in one of the largest megacities in the world, we observe significant formation of gas and aerosol phase oxidation products associated with the low-NO rainforest-like regime during the afternoon. This is caused by a surprisingly low concentration of NO, coupled with high concentrations of VOCs and of the atmospheric oxidant hydroxyl (OH). Box model calculations suggest that during the morning high-NO chemistry predominates (95 %) but in the afternoon low-NO chemistry plays a greater role (30 %). With increasing global emphasis on reducing air pollution, the modelling tools used to develop urban air quality policy need to adequately represent both high- and low-NO regimes if they are to have utility.
ESTIMATION OF CHL-A CONCENTRATION IN LAGUNA LAKE USING SENTINEL-3 OLCI IMAGES
Authors: Blanco A. C. , Manuel A. , Jalbuena R. , Ticman K. , Medina J. M. , Gubatanga E. , Santos A. , Sta. Ana R. , Herrera E. , Nadaoka K.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The use of Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) images in estimating chlorophyll-a (total and class-differentiated)a concentration is promising owing to Sentinel-3’s 21 bands. This was investigated for the case of Laguna de Bay (or Laguna Lake), Philippines. Field surveys were conducted on 13–17 November 2018 using FluoroProbe, a submersible fluorimeter capable of quantifying concentrations of spectral classes of microalgae. These were regressed with reflectance data obtained from 10-day composite Sentinel-3 reflectance images as well as ten empirical algorithms (indices) for OLCI. Compared to band reflectance, the 10 indices yielded stronger correlations, especially with R665/R709, R674/R709, and (1/R665-1/R709)xR754 with the following respective correlation values: −0.623, −0.646, and 0.628. Multiple regression results indicates that 48% of the variability of total chl-a concentration is explained by five explanatory (reflectance) variables (R412, R443, R560, R681, and R754) with RMSE of 2.814 μg/l. In contrast, the two indices R674/R754 and (1/R665-1/R709)xR754 accounted for about 46% of the variability of total chl-a concentration with RMSE of 2.475 μg/l. For diatoms and bluegreen microalgae, R560/R665 and (1/R665-1/R709)xR754 constitute the models with R2 of 0.21 and 0.435, and RMSE of 2.516 and 2.163 ug/l, respectively. Green microalgal concentration is jointly described by three indices: R560/R665, R674/R754, and R709-R754, with R2 = 0.182 and RMSE = 1.219 μg/l. From cryptophytes, the model comprising of R560/R665, (1/R665-1/R709)xR754, and R709-R754 produced an R2 = 0.289 and RMSE = 0.767 μg/l. It can be said that the empirical algorithms can be used for Sentinel-3 OLCI data providing acceptable estimations of total and spectral class-differentiated chl-a concentration.
MANAGING URBAN SPRAWL USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
Authors: Krishnaveni K. S. , Anilkumar P. P.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Indian cities, like several other developing cities around the world, are urbanizing at an alarming rate. This unprecedented and uncontrolled urbanization may result in urban sprawl, which is characterized by low-density impervious surfaces, often clumsy, extends along the fringes of metropolitan areas with unbelievable pace, disperse, auto-dependent with environmentally and socially impacting characteristics. The ill-effects of urban sprawl in developing countries scenario is a bit complicated compared to that of developed countries because of uncontrolled population growth and haphazard urbanization. This paper attempts to investigate the capabilities of remote sensing and GIS techniques in understanding the urban sprawl phenomenon in a better way compared to time- consuming conventional methods. An overview of the enormous potential of remote sensing and GIS techniques in mapping and monitoring the Spatio-temporal patterns urban sprawl is dealt with here. The spatial pattern and dynamics of the urban sprawl of Kozhikode Metropolitan Area (KMA, Kerala, India) during the period from 1991 to 2018 using the integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS are attempted here. Index derived Built-up Index (IDBI) which is a thematic index-based index (combination of Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI)) is used for the rapid and automated extraction of built-up features from the time series satellite imageries. The extracted built-up areas of each year are then used for Shannon’s entropy calculations, which is a method for the quantification of urban sprawl. The results of IDBI and Shannon’s entropy analysis highlight the fact that there occurs an alarming increase in the built-up areal extent from 1991 to 2018. The urban planning authorities can make use of these techniques of built-up area extraction and urban sprawl analysis for effective city planning and sprawl control.
Aero-elastic load validation in wake conditions using
nacelle-mounted lidar measurements
Authors: Conti Davide , Dimitrov Nikolay , Peña Alfredo
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We propose a method for carrying out wind turbine load validation in wake conditions using measurements from forward-looking nacelle lidars. Two lidars, a pulsed and a continuous wave system, were installed on the nacelle of a 2.3 MW wind turbine operating in free-, partial- and full-wake conditions. The turbine is placed within a straight row of turbines with a spacing of 5.2 rotor diameters and wake disturbances are present for two opposite wind direction sectors. We account for wake-induced effects by means of wind field parameters commonly used as inputs for load simulations, which are reconstructed using lidar measurements. These include mean wind speed, turbulence intensity, vertical and horizontal shear, yaw error and turbulence-spectra parameters. The uncertainty and bias of aero-elastic load predictions are quantified against wind turbine on-board sensor data. We consider mast-based load assessments in free wind as a reference case and assess the uncertainty in lidar-based power and load predictions when the turbine is operating in partial- and full-wake. Compared to the reference case, the simulations in wake conditions lead to an increase of the relative error as low as 4 %. It is demonstrated that the mean wind speed, turbulence intensity and turbulence length scale have a significant impact on the predictions. Finally, the experiences from this study indicate that characterizing turbulence inside the wake as well as defining a rotor equivalent wind speed model are the most challenging aspects of load validation in wake conditions.
Preaching the Imago Dei: Robert Rypon’s Sermon for Trinity Sunday
Authors: Johnson Holly
Published: February 2020

That man was created in the image of a triune God has been the subject of much theological speculation. It was posited that this image is reflected within the human mind in the Augustinian triad of memory, understanding, and will. For a medieval preacher the challenge is to make this theological notion a lived reality for his audience. This article explores one preacher’s approach to this challenge. In a lengthy sermon for Trinity Sunday, the English Benedictine monk-preacher Robert Rypon (ca. 1350–1421/22) elucidates the complex way the human mind was created to reflect the image of God and offers a retelling of biblical history as the deformation of this image. Rypon then presents a solution for restoring this image, which involves a radical reformation of the memory from which right understanding and a will for behaving virtuously inevitably follow. This article includes an edition of several sections of the sermon.
Visionary Metaphors: Sight, Sickness, and Space in Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy and Julian of Norwich’s Showings
Authors: Adler Gillian
Published: February 2020

Although Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy and Julian of Norwich’s Showings are associated with different visionary traditions of the Middle Ages, the shared metaphors of sight, sickness, and space in these works suggest that they in fact may be read within the same textual community. Using the vision form, Boethius and Julian demonstrate how personal transformation and spiritual illumination depend upon spaces of seemingly restrictive confinement. These authors similarly stress the idea of vision as a metaphor for spiritual insight and sickness as the opportunity for recuperation, as they pluralize the meaning of their physical cells. The attention to spatial orientation and physical circumstance emphasizes the cataphatic articulation of both authors’ visionary experiences and undermines traditional Augustinian attitudes toward the division of body and soul.
The Pastoral Epistles: Common Themes, Individual Compositions? An Introduction to the Quest for the Origin(s) of the Letters to Timothy and Titus
Authors: Nes Jermo van
Published: February 2020

In New Testament scholarship, the pseudonymity of the so-called Pastoral Epistles (1–2 Timothy and Titus) continues to be a majority position, partially because many scholars assume that they were originally designed as a tripartite letter corpus. Over the past decades, however, a growing group of scholars has started to challenge this corpus theory by pointing out the individual qualities of the letters to Timothy and Titus and their mutual differences. These research findings have brought a number of scholars to believe that the letters were composed by more than one author. When the arguments for plural authorship are compared to the traditional arguments for common authorship, it seems the pseudonymity of the Pastoral Epistles is by no means a foregone conclusion. Accordingly, the quest for the origin(s) of the letters to Timothy and Titus must be continued.
Narration, Genre, and Pseudonymity: Reconsidering the Individuality and the Literary Relationship of the Pastoral Epistles
Authors: Herzer Jens
Published: February 2020

In the last two decades, the classical paradigm of the literary unity of the Pastoral Epistles as a three-part “Corpus Pastorale” has been challenged and defended in various ways. The discussion has accompanied a new discourse on pseudonymity and its relevance for New Testament writings. This article traces the development of the hypothesis of the Pastoral Epistles’ pseudonymity and illuminates the problems this hypothesis entails. Focusing on narrative elements and genre (such as mandata or ancient letter novel), individual traits of each letter will be discussed exemplarily in order to reconsider their relationship. Highlighting the letters’ individual profiles leads to a more refined interpretation beyond the old controversy between authenticity and pseudonymity. As a result (which cannot be a substantial part of this article), Titus and 2 Timothy can be interpreted as authentic letters of Paul, written in his last years, whereas 1 Timothy is best situated in the anti-heretic struggles of the second century AD.
Supermen and Sissies: Masculinities in Titus and 1 Timothy
Authors: Smit Peter-Ben
Published: February 2020

This paper addresses the question of gender scripts in the Pastoral Epistles from the point of view of masculinities studies. Two of the Pastoral Epistles will be studied in particular, Titus and 1 Timothy, given their high degree of comparability when it comes to the questions of (a) Pauline self-presentation and (b) the outline of various roles in the communities addressed through these epistles. By analyzing key aspects of the gender (and more specifically, masculinity) scripts in play, it will be shown that the Pastoral Epistles espouse a view of masculinity that suited the (dominant) contemporary ideals of what a “real man” looked like. This, it will be suggested, is in fact an expression of what may well be called “precarious” masculinity: masculinity that feels threatened and therefore establishes control over others, attempting to safeguard its own position and standing. This may shed light on the provenance of the Pastoral Epistles: out of a marginal milieu. Also, it will be argued that the agreement in gender scripts among these two pastorals would suggest that they stem from the same social milieu and may well have been considered as a corpus from a very early stage onward. Finally, a hermeneutical observation will be made concerning the reception of the views on masculinity in these two pastorals (and the Pastorals at large).
Stylistic Diversity in the Corpus Ciceronianum and in the Corpus Paulinum: A Comparison and Some Conclusions
Authors: Baum Armin D.
Published: February 2020

The Corpus Paulinum can roughly be divided into four letter groups, the Thessalonian letters, the Hauptbriefe, the Prison Letters, and the Pastoral Letters. As New Testament style criticism has revealed, each of these letter groups displays a number of lexical, syntactical, and other stylistic peculiarities. In order to interpret this stylistic diversity in the Pauline corpus on a broader basis and to explore all possible explanations for the different stylistic phenomena, it proves helpful to take into account the scholarly explanations for similar style differences in the much larger oeuvre of Cicero. Cicero’s writings confirm the prevalent observation that the same ancient author could write in very different styles. In addition, they demonstrate how different communication situations, different text genres, and different addressees could influence not only Cicero’s but also Paul’s style.
Deciding What Counts: The Difficulties of Comparing Stylistic Diversity. A Response to Armin D. Baum
Authors: Percival John
Published: February 2020

This response to Armin Baum argues that he has asked an important question about the stylistic variation in Paul and Cicero but that his analysis lacks adequate statistical rigor. Cicero’s writing certainly reveals a range of styles, depending on genre, chronology, and communicative recipients. However, it is not straightforward to compare Cicero with Paul because of the narrower range of genre and shorter timespan for Paul, and also the differing methodologies for stylistic analysis in the existing literature. Baum’s analysis of the Pauline material does not adequately handle statistical significance, dependent variables, the effects of lumping, or more-recent advances in multivariate analysis.
Ulnar Nerve Injury Caused by the Incomplete Insertion of a Screw Head after Internal Fixation with Dual Locking Plates in AO/OTA Type C2 Distal Humerus Fractures
Authors: Shin Jae Hyuk , Kwon Whan Jin , Hyun Yoon Suk
Published: February 2020

After dual plating with a locking compression plate for comminuted intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus, the incidence of ulnar nerve injury after surgery has been reported to be up to 38%. This can be reduced by an anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve but some surgeons believe that extensive handling of the nerve with transposition can increase the risk of an ulnar nerve dysfunction. This paper reports ulnar nerve injuries caused by the incomplete insertion of a screw head in dual plating without an anterior ulnar nerve transposition for AO/OTA type C2 distal humerus fractures. When an anatomical locking plate is applied to a distal humeral fracture, locking screws around the ulnar nerve should be inserted fully without protrusion of the screw because an incompletely inserted screw can cause irritation or injury to the ulnar nerve because the screw head in the locking system usually has a slightly sharp edge because screw head has threads. If the change in insertion angle and resulting protruded head of the screw are unavoidable for firm fixation of fracture, the anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve is recommended over a soft tissue shield.
Anterior Dislocation of the Radial Head Combined with Plastic Deformity of the Ulnar Shaft in an Adult: A Case Report
Authors: Moon Sang Won , Kim Youngbok , Kim Young Chang , Kim Ji Wan , Yoon Taiyeon , Kim Seung Chul
Published: February 2020

A 25-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with a painful and swollen right forearm. She had just sustained an injury from an accident during which her arm was tightly wound by a rope as she was lowering a net from a fishing boat. Before being released, her arm was rigidly trapped in the rope for approximately ten minutes. Radiographs revealed anterior dislocation of the radial head that was accompanied by plastic deformation of the proximal ulna, manifested as a reversal of the proximal dorsal angulation of the ulna (PUDA); suggested a Monteggia equivalent fracture. With the patient under general anesthesia, we reduced the radial head by posterior compression at 90° of elbow flexion and at neutral rotation of the forearm. However, the reduction was easily lost and the elbow re-dislocated with even slight supination or extension of the arm. After the osteotomy of the ulnar deformity to restore the PUDA to normal, the reduction remained stable even with manipulation of the arm. We found that the patient could exercise a full range of motion without pain at the 3-month follow-up, and neither residual instability nor degenerative changes were observed at the final 3-year follow-up.
Relationship of Intraoperative Anatomical Landmarks, the Scapular Plane and the Perpendicular Plane with Glenoid for Central Guide Insertion during Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Kim Jung Han , Min Young Kyoung
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to evaluate the positional relationship between planes of the glenoid component (the scapular plane and the perpendicular plane to the glenoid) and its surrounding structures.METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) images of both shoulders of 100 patients were evaluated using the 3-dimensional CT reconstruction program (Aquarius®; TeraRecon). We determined the most lateral scapular bony structure of the scapular plane and measured the shortest distance between the anterolateral corner of the acromion and the scapular plane. The distance between the scapular plane and the midpoint of the line connecting the posterolateral corner of acromion and the anterior tip of the coracoid process (fulcrum axis) was also evaluated. The perpendicular plane was then adjusted to the glenoid and the same values were re-assessed.RESULTS: The acromion was the most lateral scapular structure of scapular plane and perpendicular plane to the glenoid. The average distance from the anterolateral corner of the acromion to the scapular plane was 10.44 ± 5.11 mm, and to the plane perpendicular to the glenoid was 9.55 ± 5.13 mm. The midpoint of fulcrum axis was positioned towards the acromion and was measured at 3.90 ± 3.21 mm from the scapular plane and at 3.84 ± 3.17 mm from the perpendicular plane to the glenoid.CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicates that the relationship between the perpendicular plane to the glenoid plane and its surrounding structures is reliable and can be used as guidelines during glenoid component insertion (level of evidence: Level IV, case series, treatment study).
Long-term Follow-up of Extensive Peri-anchor (Poly-L/D-lactic Acid) Cyst Formation after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Jong-Ho , Kim Jong-Ick , Lee Hyo-Jin , Kim Dong-Jin , Sung Gwang Young , Kwak Dong-Ho , Kim Yang-Soo
Published: February 2020

Suture anchors are commonly used in shoulder surgeries, especially for rotator cuff tears. Peri-anchor cyst formation, however, is sometimes detected on follow-up radiologic image after surgery. The purpose of this report is to discuss the case of a patient who presented with regression of extensive peri-anchor cyst on postoperative 4-year follow-up magnetic resonance imaging and had good clinical outcome despite peri-anchor cyst formation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
Acute Displaced Fracture of Lateral Acromion after Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Case Report and Surgical Technique
Authors: Cho Chul-Hyun , Jung Jae-Won , Lim Young-Jae , Na Sang-Soo , Kim Du-Han
Published: February 2020

Acromial fractures are well-documented complications subsequent to reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA), and most appear as stress fractures with no history of single trauma. To date, no study has reported the occurrence of acute displaced acromial fracture due to sudden strong deltoid contraction during heavy work. Displacement of the fracture results in a challenging surgery since it is difficult to obtain adequate fixation in thin and osteoporotic bones. We report a rare case of acute displaced acromial fracture after successful RSA treatment, using a novel technique of open reduction and internal fixation, applying two 4.5 mm cannulated screws and lateral clavicle precontoured plate.
Evaluation of Muscular Atrophy and Fatty Infiltration Using Time-zero Magnetic Resonance Imaging as Baseline Data, After Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Kim Hyoung Bok , Yoo Jae Chul , Jeong Jeung Yeol
Published: February 2020

Background: This study evaluated postoperative changes in the supraspinatus from time-zero to 6 months, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that restoration of the musculotendinous unit of the rotator cuff by tendon repair immediately improves the rotator cuff muscle status, and maintains it months after surgery.Methods: Totally, 76 patients (29 men, 47 women) with rotator cuff tears involving the supraspinatus tendon who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs were examined. MRI evaluation showed complete repair with intact integrity of the torn tendon at both time-zero and at 6 months follow-up. All patients underwent standardized MRI at our institution preoperatively, at 1 or 2 days postoperative, and at 6 months after surgery. Supraspinatus muscular (SSP) atrophy (Thomazeau grade) and fatty infiltrations (Goutallier stage) were evaluated by MRI. The cross-sectional area of SSP in the fossa was also measured.Results: As determined by MRI, the cross-sectional area of SSP significantly decreased 11.41% from time-zero (immediate repair) to 6 months post-surgery, whereas the Goutallier stage and Thomazeau grade showed no significant changes (p<0.01). Furthermore, compared to the preoperative MRI, the postoperative MRI at 6 months showed a no statistically significant increase of 8.03% in the crosssectional area. In addition, morphological improvements were observed in patients with high grade Goutallier and Thomazeau at timezero, whereas morphology of patients with low grade factors were almost similar to before surgery.Conclusions: Our results indicate that cross-sectional area of the initial repair appears to decrease after a few months postoperatively, possibly due to medial retraction or strained muscle.
A Comparative Study on Internal Fixation Using Long Proximal Intramedullary Nail for the Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fracture according to Fracture Types
Authors: Choi Chang-Hyuk , Jun Chung-Mu , Kim Jun-Young
Published: February 2020

Background: This study was conducted to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes of internal fixation using a Polarus humeral nail for treatment of a humeral shaft fracture according to fracture types.Methods: From 43 patients, 13 were excluded and 30 patients were included. The 30 patients were divided into 2 groups: 15 in group I (Orthopaedic Trauma Association/Arbeitsgemeinschaft f?r Osteosynthesefragen classification type A and B) and 15 in group II (type C). The mean age was 63.1 years (range, 20?87 years), and mean follow-up period was 2.3 years (range, 1.0?6.1 years). The causes of injuries were as follows: 12, traffic accidents; 14, simple slips; 2, simple falls; 2, contusions after lower energy trauma. Radiological and clinical evaluations were performed.Results: Radiological union was confirmed by plain anteroposterior and lateral radiographs on average of 5.0 months in group I, and 8.4 months in group II, respectively. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). The clinical union value was 1.6 in group I, and 2.0 months in group II, but these values did not differ significantly (p=0.441). The mean Korean shoulder scoring system scores were 89.7 and 90.6, which did not differ significantly (p=0.352).Conclusions: Intramedullary nailing using the Polarus humeral nail is considered to be a good treatment modality for all types of humeral shaft fractures. Additionally, the Polarus humeral nail can be an optimal choice for the treatment of complex type fractures such as segmental or comminuted humeral shaft fractures.
Relationship of Posterior Decentering of the Humeral Head with Tear Size and Fatty Degeneration in Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Kim Jung-Han , Seo Hyeong-Won
Published: February 2020

Background: Posterior decentering is not an uncommon finding on rotator cuff tear patients’ shoulder magnetic resonance imaging. No previous study has reported on the relationship between posterior decentering and rotator cuff tear.Methods: We assessed patients’ rotator cuff tear humeral head positions based on humeral?scapular alignment (HSA). Subjects were classified into centering and decentering groups based on a <2 mm or >2 mm HSA value, respectively. Differences in rotator cuff tear size, degree of tear, and fatty degeneration between the two groups were evaluated.Results: One hundred seventy-five patients (80 males, 95 females; mean age: 59.7 ± 6.5 years old) were selected as subjects (casecontrol study; level of evidence: 3). Tear size, degree of subscapularis tendon tear, and fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001).Conclusions: The occurrence of decentering was related to rotator cuff tear size, degree of subscapularis tendon tear, and fatty degeneration of the rotator cuff muscles.
Rotating Arm Internally Can Change the Arthroscopic Diagnosis of a Partial-thickness Tear of the Subscapularis
Authors: Kim Hyungsuk , Song Hyun Seok , Kang Seung Gu , Han Sung Bin
Published: February 2020

Background: The aims of this study were (1) to examine the footprint of the subscapularis tendon using the traditional posterior portal and 30° arthroscope by simple internal rotation of the arm during surgery, and (2) to classify the pattern of a subscapularis partial-thickness tear.Methods: This study analyzed a total of 231 patients with a partial-thickness subscapularis tear from 550 consecutive patients undergoing an arthroscopic operation who had a visualization of the subscapularis tendon footprint by internal rotation of the arm. First, the patients were classified into four categories according to the tear pattern: (1) stable lamination, (2) unstable lamination, (3) avulsion, and (4) laminated avulsion. Randomized arthroscopic videos were reviewed blindly by two independent orthopedic surgeons. The pattern of the tear of the subscapularis at the neutral position and after internal rotating the arm were assessed and compared with the treatment decision (level IV case series).Results: Stable lamination, unstable lamination, avulsion, and laminated avulsion were observed in 9.1% (n=21), 20.8% (n=48), 41.1% (n=95), and 29.0% (n=67) of cases, respectively. In 145 out of 231 cases (62.8%), the decision was changed after inspecting the footprint after internal rotation of the arm, and the treatment method was changed in 116 (50.2%) cases.Conclusions: In a subscapularis tendon partial-thickness tear, inspecting the footprint of the subscapularis tendon is essential to diagnosing and deciding on the appropriate treatment. In addition, simply internal rotating the arm during surgery when using the traditional posterior portal and 30° arthroscope can be a valuable method.
Arthroscopic Capsular Repair without Relaying Sutures: ‘Simple Sewing Technique’
Authors: Kim Hyungsuk , Song Hyun Seok , Kang Seung Gu , Han Sung Bin
Published: February 2020

We report a simple technique for repairing capsular tear, using only a hook-like, cannulated instrument and braided sutures without relaying steps. A No. 2 braided suture is passed through the lumen of the instrument. Under direct arthroscopic view, the tip of the instrument is passed through the side of the capsule that has previously been separated with the probe. One end of the suture is retrieved with a grasper through a separate portal. The tip is moved back without withdrawing through the skin, and reinserted into the other side of the capsule. Holding the end retrieved earlier, the other end of the suture is retrieved with a suture retriever. After complete removal of the instrument, the suture is tied through a cannula using the standard knot tying techniques. The same procedures are repeated for other required knots.
Total Ankylosis by Heterotopic Ossification in an Adolescent Anterior Trans-olecranon Fracture Dislocation: A Case Report
Authors: Kim Beom-Soo , Song Kwang-Soon , Bae Ki-Cheor , Lee Si-Wook , Um Sang-Hyun , Cho Chul-Hyun
Published: February 2020

The incidence of heterotopic ossification in adolescents appears to be lower than in adults. There exist very few reports of heterotopic ossification with total bony ankylosis in child or adolescent populations. We describe a case of total bony ankylosis of the elbow secondary to heterotopic ossification, in a 14-year-old female. Total ankylosis of the elbow at 45 degrees of flexion was noted 6 months postsurgery, and complete surgical excision of the heterotopic mass was performed. After an additional one-time dose of radiation therapy and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug medication, full range of motion was obtained without any recurrence or other complications, up to the last follow-up of 30 months.
Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tear: Concurrent Concept and Treatment
Authors: Kim Jung-Han , Jung Soo-Hwan
Published: February 2020

Delaminated rotator cuff tear pertains to the horizontal split of the tendon substance. As reported previously, the presence of a delaminated tear and incidence of delaminated rotator cuff tear ranges from 38% to 92%. The different strain intensities applied across the rotator cuff tendon, and the shear stress between the bursal and articular layers seem to play a role in its pathogenesis. In a delaminated rotator cuff tear, the degree and direction of retraction between two layers differ, with accompanying intrasubstance cleavage. A surgeon therefore needs to consider and carefully evaluate the tear characteristics when repairing delaminated rotator cuff tear. Delaminated rotator cuff tear is considered to be a poor prognostic factor after rotator cuff repair, but numerous surgical repair techniques have been introduced and applied to resolve this problem. Recent literature has reported good clinical outcomes after delaminated rotator cuff repair.
Effects of Electrical Muscle Stimulation for Preventing Deltoid Muscle Atrophy after Rotator Cuff Repair: Preliminary Results of a Prospective, Randomized, Single-blind Trial
Authors: Lee Goo Joo , Cho Hangyeol , Ahn Byung-Hyun , Jeong Ho-Seung
Published: February 2020

Background: This study investigates the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) in preventing deltoid atrophy during the first 12 weeks after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.Methods: Eighteen patients undergoing arthroscopic repair of a medium-sized rotator cuff tear by a single surgeon, were randomized into two groups: NMES and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Each group used the respective device for 6 weeks after surgery. Pain was measured at baseline, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively, using the visual analogue scale (VAS); range of motion (ROM), abduction strength and functional scores were measured at baseline and 12 weeks postoperatively. Deltoid thickness and cross-sectional areas were measured using magnetic resonance imaging at 12 weeks postoperatively.Results: At 12 weeks post-surgery, no statistically significant difference was observed between the NMES and TENS groups in the pain VAS, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score, ROM, and abduction strength. Postoperative decrease in the thickness of the anterior, middle, and posterior deltoid, at the level just below the coracoid, was -2.5%, -0.7%, and -6.8%, respectively, in the NMES group, and -14.0%, -2.6%, and -8.2%, respectively, in the TENS group (p=0.016, p=0.677, and p=0.791, respectively). At the level of the inferior glenoid tubercle, postoperative decrease in area of the deltoid was -5.4% in the NMES group and -14.0% in the TENS group, which was significantly different (p=0.045).Conclusions: NMES has the potential for reducing deltoid atrophy after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, suggesting that NMES might help minimize postoperative atrophy after various shoulder surgeries.
Treatment of Large and Massive Rotator Cuff Tears: Does Infraspinatus Muscle Tear Affect Repair Integrity?
Authors: Choi Sungwook , Yang Hyunchul , Kang Hyunseong , Kim Gyeong Min
Published: February 2020

Background: Clinical outcomes and prognosis of large and massive rotator cuff tears are known to be unpredictable not only in degeneration of the rotator cuff, but also due to a high rate of retear.Methods: Totally, 81 patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from May 2008 to February 2016 were evaluated in our study. Clinical and functional evaluations were performed with the Constant score and the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) score, as well as full physical examination of the shoulder. All patients were confirmed to have magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tendon healing at least 1 year postoperatively.Results: The average age at the time of surgery was 65 years (range, 47?78 years). The average duration of postoperative time in which a follow-up MRI was performed was 36.1 months (range, 12?110 months). Large tears were present in 48 cases (59.3%) and massive tears in 33 cases (40.7%). Overall, there were 33 retear cases (40.7%). All the average clinical outcome scores were significantly improved at the last follow-up (p<0.001), although repair integrity was not maintained. Compared to type A, types C, and D of the Collin’s classification showed significantly higher retear rates (p=0.036).Conclusions: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair yields improved clinical outcomes and a relatively high degree of patient satisfaction, despite the repair integrity not being maintained. Involvement of the subscapularis muscle or infraspinatus muscle had no effect on the retear rate.
How to Architecture Open-ended Problem-solvers? Student Reflections on Scaffolding Experiences in an Open-ended Problem-solving Bioengineering Course Sequence
Authors: Mahboobin Arash , Clark Renee M.
Published: February 2020

Through reflection, learning experiences that students most-frequently valued during open-ended, scaffolded problem solving in a bioengineering two-course sequence were identified in this study. Reflective knowledge of this type can inform instructors in orchestrating experiences to scaffold problem solving of this kind and were useful in directly demonstrating students’ development in problem solving. Reflection is necessary for learning and is an important aspect of scaffolding. The literature has made recent calls for the additional use and study of reflection and scaffolding within STEM. This paper is intended to respond to these calls by focusing on students’ reflections about the experiences they most-frequently valued during scaffolded work. Students reflected at multiple points about their scaffolded, problem-solving experiences. These reflections were systematically content-analyzed for the experiences valued by students for their learning and development. These valued experiences can be the focus of instructional and scaffolding efforts for open-ended problem-solving in similar courses.
A sala de aula no arquivo: análise de uma experiência no Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo com alunos da Educação Básica
Authors: Silva Stanley Plácido da Rosa , Barbosa Andresa Cristina Oliver
Published: February 2020

O artigo analisa o programa “A sala de aula no Arquivo”, realizado pelo Arquivo Público do Estado entre os anos de 2013 e 2015, cujo objetivo era problematização de documentos de arquivo em seus variados usos na construção do conhecimento histórico em sala de aula. Do mesmo modo, propõe uma reflexão sobre a importância do diálogo entre Arquivos e escolas.