bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mastocytomas in dogs: the most common complications of surgical interventions
Authors: Ladanova M. A. , Smetanina E. S.
Published: January 2025

Mast cell tumors (MCTs) - is a malignant tumor consisting of mast cells (mastocytes). In English-language literature it is found under the terms "mast cell tumor", "mast cell sarcoma". It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. Some breeds are predisposed to MCT development, including Boxer; Bull Terrier; French Bulldog; Golden Retriever; Labrador Retriever; Shar-pei; and Dachshund. On the other hand, some breeds present a lower risk of MCT development, including the German Shepherd, Chihuahua, Poodle, Yorkshire Terrier, and Cocker Spaniel. The metastatic potential of MCTs varies according to its histopathological classification, occurring in less than 10% of cases of well-differentiated mast cell tumors, in 5% to 22% of moderately differentiated neoplasms, and in 55% to 95% of poorly differentiated cases. In order to exclude tumor metastasis to internal organs, it is recommended to perform ultrasound of the abdominal cavity, computed tomography, with further determination of the metastasis site. In 8 out of 10 cases, we encountered a strong reaction to the suture material, regardless of its choice, as well as abundant exudation and alternation of various drainage systems. To wash the wound pocket and treat it, we used a 0.9% sodium chloride solution, or a combination of 0.9% sodium chloride solution and betadine in a ratio of 1:10. When using a 0.05% chlorhexidine solution, a decrease in the regenerative ability of the tissue and painful sensations during washing were eliminated. The further prognosis depends on the results of histological examination, the degree of malignancy, high/medium/low differentiated according to Patnaik and Kiupel. With highly differentiated mastocytoma, wide boundaries and clean edges of resection, the risk of metastasis is minimal and there is no need for chemotherapeutic treatment. However, it is always necessary to monitor the condition of the animal: a checkup by an oncologist, ultrasound of the liver and spleen monthly for the first 3 months, then gradually reduce the number of visits to 1 every 3 months three times, 1 every six months. Further recommendations for visits will depend on the oncologist' s discretion.
Pasteurellosis in aviars (literature review)
Authors: Ovcharova E. S. , Maslov D. V. , Syvorotko E. V.
Published: January 2025

Respiratory diseases of birds cause great economic losses to industrial poultry farming. One of the causes of respiratory syndrome is the pathogen Pasteurella multocida. This is dangerous infectious disease characterized by high mortality and affects birds of all species and all ages. Pasteurellosis is widespread all around the world, including of the territory of the Russian Federation. The source of the pathogen is sick and oversick birds. The carriers of the pathogen of pasteurellosis might be rodents, insects, synanthropic birds, as well as animals of other species. The disease most often takes on a stationary character and requires constant epizootic monitoring. Great attention should be paid to the protection of farms from the introduction of the pathogen from the outside. It is necessary to carry out preventive measures in time – disinfection, deratization, disinfection and comply with biosafety requirements when conducting economic activities. For timely diagnosis and prevention, as well as for the successful prevention of the spread and elimination of foci of pasteurellosis, it is necessary to constantly update data on the disease, supplementing them with new information about the pathogen and its spread. For specific disease prevention, it is necessary to use vaccine The purpose of this article is to analyze the papers of native and foreign authors, which describe the work on the study of the morphology of the pathogen, the causes of the disease, the spread, prevention and control measures against the pathogen of infection. Scientific information and data on the study of avian pasteurellosis, methodological recommendations, regulatory documents of the Russian Federation aimed at diagnosis, prevention and establishment of restrictive measures (quarantine) were used as material for the study.
Evaluation of the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of a new complex antimycotic drug
Authors: Musin R. R. , Ganiev I. M. , Tremasova A. M. , Biryulya V. V. , Idiyatov I. I. , Eroshin A. I. , Safarova E. R.
Published: January 2025

Fungal pathogens – dermatophytes are often the main cause of skin diseases in agricultural and domestic animals. These pathogens can cause superficial fungal infections – dermatophytosis. The market of veterinary drugs for the treatment of animals with dermatophytosis is represented by a wide range of antimycotic agents, however, treatment regimens using available drugs often become insufficiently effective, since dermatophytes infecting the skin become resistant to them. At the same time, certain pharmacological preparations, when ingested with food or as a result of external treatments, can negatively affect the physiological state of animals, in particular their reproductive function. The paper presents an assessment of the embryotoxic and teratogenic effects recorded in the antenatal and postnatal periods of development of the offspring of white rats with the external use of a new complex antimycotic agent against dermatophytosis of animals "Fungicor". It was found that the drug in the minimum (1500 mg / kg body weight) and maximum (15,000 mg / kg body weight) doses when applied to female white rats from the 1st to the 19th day of pregnancy did not have an adverse effect on the development of embryos and fetuses. There were no significant changes in the parameters of postnatal development of the offspring of the experimental groups in comparison with the control. Thus, the drug "Fungicor" does not have an embryotoxic and teratogenic effect.
Post-vaccinal diagnostics of the immune response induced by whole-virion, recombinant and subunit vaccines against highly pathogenic avian influenza
Authors: Tarlavin N. V. , Veretennikov V. V. , Javadov E. J. , Kudrya K. S. , Kraskov D. A. , Degtyareva A. V.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of a study of the immune response of chickens of the Dominant cross to vaccination with domestic and foreign vaccines against highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1. The following drugs were used as vaccines: Flu Protect H5, Reassortant Trivalent Vaccine (H5N6(H5Re13)+H5N8(H5Re14)+H7N9 (H7Re4)" and "Volvac® B.E.S.T. AI+ND". For quantitative analysis of the antigenic activity of vaccines in blood sera, ID Screen® Influenza H5 Indirect kits were used, designed to determine the titer of antibodies to hemagglutinin H5, and ID Screen® Influenza A Antibody Competition Multispecies, allowing to measure the titer of antibodies to NP protein (nucleoprotein of the influenza A virus). According to the results of the study, the Reassortant Trivalent Vaccine demonstrated the highest average antibody titer among the tested samples (10709.5), which indicates its high immunogenicity. The lowest efficiency indicators were shown by the vaccine "Volvac® B.E.S.T. AI+ND" with an average antibody titer of 2627.5. All three vaccines demonstrated high protective activity against influenza A virus of the H5N1 subtype, but the effectiveness and resistance of the immune response varied. A parallel study of blood sera using test kits focused on various influenza virus antigens (hemagglutinin and nucleoprotein) showed the possibility of differentiating an infected bird from a vaccinated one. This approach proved to be particularly effective in the use of subunit vaccines, allowing us to reliably distinguish natural infection from the vaccine immune response.
FEATURES OF EXOGENEOUS SORBITOL CLEARANCE IN LABORATORY ANIMALS
Authors: Ponamarev V. S. , Kostrova A. V.
Published: January 2025

Correlation analysis is an important tool in veterinary medicine, since it allows us to study the relationships between various indicators of animal health and the results of diagnostic tests, which allows us to confirm or reject the relevance of various biomedical hypotheses. The relevance of this method is due to the need to confirm the reliability of diagnostic models, which, in turn, helps to improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis, as well as the introduction of new similar methods with high prognostic value. Veterinary practice requires a high degree of reliability in the results, since incorrect diagnosis can lead to serious consequences for the health of animals. The pharmacokinetic parameters of caffeine in clinically healthy laboratory animals and cattle were used as material for the study. Correlation relationships between caffeine concentration (for equivalent time intervals), total plasma clearance, average residence time of the substance, and distribution volume were analyzed. For a complete analysis, parametric (Pearson correlation coefficient) and nonparametric (Spearman rank correlation coefficient) correlation indicators were used. The correlation coefficients we used to analyze relationships in pharmacokinetic studies show ambiguous results when comparing exogenous caffeine in two animal species. Despite the presence of similar correlation features, stable relationships were not established, which indicates the complexity of interactions and individual interspecies characteristics. In addition, differences in responses between males and females also do not show pronounced stability, which may be due to differences in metabolism and physiological characteristics. Thus, future studies should include the study of pharmacokinetic parameters in other animal species to provide more accurate predictions and improve understanding of metabolic processes associated with caffeine. This will allow the creation of reliable and universal methods for assessing the state of the hepatobiliary system in various animals.
Evaluation of lytic activity of commercial bacteriophage preparations against Klebsiella pneumoniae associated bronchopneumonia of cattle
Authors: Kiyanchuk M. V. , Sukhinin A. A.
Published: January 2025

As the number of reports of antimicrobial resistance among various bacterial pathogens is increasing, there has been a revitalisation of research aimed at improving therapeutic measures associated with phage therapy. However, the fact that data on the effective use of phage-containing preparations are limited is of considerable concern, which, in turn, significantly hampers the active introduction of this alternative to antibiotics in the complex of anti-epizootic measures. In this regard, the aim of the study is to analyses the effectiveness of liquid commercial preparations of bacteriophages in assessing the lytic activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from calves with signs of bronchopneumonia, in vitro. Determination of phage particles was carried out by the conventional Gratia method (agar layers). The lytic activity of bacteriophages was evaluated by «spot-test» method. The analysis of our results demonstrates the possibility of potential application of commercial phage -containing preparations as part of the scheme of therapeutic measures in infectious bronchopneumonia of farm animals. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from nasopharyngeal mucus of calves showed sensitivity to bacteriophages included in commercial biopreparations used in the study. As the problem of growing antibiotic resistance among microorganisms is increasing, phage therapy becomes an attractive alternative.
THE USE OF QUERCUS CORTEX EXTRACT AND LACTOBIFADOL IN THE DIET: FODDER FLOW AND DIGESTIBILITY, GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS
Authors: Bukareva E. A. , Lazebnik K. S. , Duskaev G. K. , Rakhmatullin Sh. G.
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a combination of phytobiotic (Quercus cortex) and probiotic preparations (lactobifadol) as feed additives in the growth of broiler chickens. The studies were conducted in accordance with accepted zootechnical methods in poultry farming, under controlled conditions in a vivarium and the Center for Collective Use FRC BST RAS (Orenburg, Russia). The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that the primary factor contributing to the enhancement of poultry productivity and the production of quality products is the exclusion of antibacterial drugs from the feed ration. The use of these substances can result in both beneficial and adverse effects. For instance, they may cause toxic or allergic reactions, and the ingestion of antibiotic residues through the consumption of broiler meat is also a possibility. Currently, there is a great deal of scientific and practical interest in the identification and study of alternative feed additives, as well as their combined effects. The results demonstrated that animals receiving supplements consumed less feed and exhibited higher growth rates compared to the control group. The live weight gains of chickens receiving Quercus cortex extract and lactobifidol separately increased by 9.54 and 6.75%, respectively, while feed consumption decreased by 5.68 and 7.01%, respectively. The maximum reliable gain in live weight of broilers (16.9% (p≤0.01)) was observed on the background of combined feeding of Quercus cortex extract and lactobifadol, on the background of reduced feed consumption by 5.68 and 7.01%, respectively.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF LACTOBACILLI OF THE PROBIOTIC BIOCOMPLEX «AVIBIOLACT»
Authors: Ovcharova E. S. , Maslov D. V. , Novikova A. F.
Published: January 2025

Currently, the current method of correction and maintenance of the balance of intestinal microflora of birds is the use of probiotics - biopreparations created on the basis of live microbial cultures. Of particular interest for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases of birds are probiotics based on lactobacilli with high antagonistic ability, which determines their practical application in poultry farming. The introduction of probiotics into the diet of birds from the first days of life stabilizes the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract and improves physiological processes, which contributes to increased safety and increased productivity of birds. The article presents data from a comparative study of the antagonistic activity of the probiotic biocomplex "AVIBIOLAKT" and individual cultures of lactobacilli included in this biopreparation - Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris. Isolates of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms from the collection of the Museum of Working Cultures of the Bacteriology Department of the All-Russian Research Institute of Vitiligo and Infectious Diseases were used as test cultures: Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The present studies have confirmed the antagonistic efficiency of the biocomplex "AVIBIOLAKT" in relation to opportunistic and pathogenic test microorganisms. The probiotic biocomplex "AVIBIOLAKT" had the highest antagonistic activity in relation to test microorganisms. It formed a growth inhibition zone from 16.4 to 19.6 mm depending on the test strain. Thus, the growth inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus was 19.6 mm, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis - 19.3 and 18.8 mm, respectively, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 16.1 mm. It was established that the level of antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms - Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. was expressed to a greater extent in the biocomplex "AVIBIOLAKT". In individual cultures of lactobacilli of the studied probiotic biocomplex, the antagonistic ability was less pronounced. Lactobacillus acidophilus had the greatest antagonistic activity among individual cultures of lactobacilli.
PREVENTION OF METABOLIC DISORDERS IN RATS DURING STRESS MODELING
Authors: Kriyachko O. V. , Lukoyanova L. A.
Published: January 2025

Stress in animals poses a serious problem that affects their health, productivity, and overall well-being. In modern livestock farming, it is extremely important to develop methods that help minimize stress and its consequences. One such approach is the use of organic acids, which have a positive impact on metabolism and adaptive processes in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the organic-mineral supplement Klim on metabolic processes under conditions of cold stress. For this purpose, a study was conducted with laboratory rats, which were divided into three groups: intact, control (subjected to cold stress), and experimental (receiving the Klim supplement under stress conditions). Cold stress was modeled by placing the animals in a freezer at a temperature of -18°C for 4 hours. The results showed that stress significantly impaired protein metabolism indicators and activated catabolic processes in the control group, as evidenced by increased levels of total protein and urea, as well as decreased alkaline phosphatase activity. In the experimental group receiving the Klim supplement, there were no significant changes in protein metabolism parameters, indicating its effectiveness in reducing the negative effects of stress. The study confirmed that the Klim supplement contributed to the improvement of the overall condition of the animals and their adaptation to stress conditions, highlighting the potential for using organic additives in livestock farming to enhance health and productivity. The results indicate the need for further research into the application of various additives to minimize stress and improve the well-being of animals in the agricultural sector.
ANATOMICAL AND TOPOGRAPHIC JUSTIFICATION OF ACCESS TO THE PELVIC BONES BY OSTEOTOMY OF THE LARGE TROCHANTER OF THE FEMUR IN DOGS
Authors: Stratonov A. S. , Shchipakin M. V.
Published: January 2025

Quite often, a veterinarian in daily practice is faced with the need for access to the pelvic bones during surgical intervention of various pathologies of this area in dogs and cats. Dogs with severe pelvic injuries received as a result of an accident, falls from a height or under other circumstances are regularly admitted to veterinary clinics in St. Petersburg. Very often, radiography reveals fractures of the iliac body, intra-articular fractures of the articular cavity of the pelvis of varying complexity and localization, fractures of the concave branch of the sciatic bone. Also, in young animals, cases of developmental disorders (dysplasia) of the hip joints are common, requiring correction of angles in the pelvic bones by osteotomy. The purpose of the study is to study and provide anatomical and topographic justification for access to pelvic bones by osteotomy of the great trochanter of the femur during osteosynthesis of fractures of the body of the pubis, intra–articular fractures of the articular cavity of the pelvis, acetabular branch of the sciatic bone, sciatic spine, combined fractures of the listed structures. The work on the study was carried out on the material and technical base of the network of veterinary clinics "TrustVet" and at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education. As a result of our research, we were convinced that performing access through osteotomy of the great trochanter of the femur allows us to significantly atraumatic for the gluteal muscles, piriformis muscles, rotator muscles, as well as for vessels and nerves to find an approach to the hip joint, the iliac body, the hollow branch of the sciatic bone. This access provides the greatest comfort, convenience and safety when manipulating surgical treatment objects in an operating wound. Consolidation of the osteotomy line was completed in all cases after 3-5 weeks. In no case did such complications develop as: failure of the metal structure and subsequent diastasis of the great trochanter of the femur, contracture of the muscles of the gluteal or posterior femoral groups, neurological deficiency, bleeding, formation of seromas and other complications.
To study the effect of probiotic strains of the genus Bacillus on the state of internal organs and humoral immunity of Coturnix coturnix and Mus musculus
Authors: An K. V. , Mironova T. E. , Kilp A. S. , Afonyushkin V. N. , Afonyushkin A. V.
Published: January 2025

Studies of Bacillus microorganisms open up broad opportunities for the use of probiotic strains in various fields of biotechnology. Bacillus microorganisms exhibit antiallergic and antioxidant effects, and produce antibacterial substances, bacteriocins and enzymes, which makes them promising for use as dietary supplements in agriculture and the food industry. Bacillus-based probiotics, especially in spore form, are resistant to aggressive conditions and are able to activate a nonspecific cellular immune response. In our study, we evaluated 5 cultures of Bacillus microorganisms for the development of probiotic drugs, with a focus on stimulating the humoral antigen response. The studies were conducted on Coturnix coturnix quails of the Texas breed (aged 14 days), the birds were divided into 5 experimental groups and 1 control (n = 7), as well as on ICR mice (CD1), which were divided into one experimental group and one control (n = 8). Antagonistic, hemolytic, galactosidase and DNase activities, as well as sensitivity to kanamycin, were studied. Immunogenicity and invasiveness of cultures were screened by evaluating sera in the immunofluorescence agglutination reaction. The length of intestinal villi in experimental animals was determined, and organs were weighed to determine mass coefficients. It was found that B. halotolerans strain No. 5.6 effectively lengthens intestinal villi in quails, but does not affect the mucous membrane in mice. Our studies confirmed that many B. subtilis strains are invasive, which is considered to be the main factor determining their immunostimulatory effects. This property is also useful for delivering vaccine antigens through mucous membranes, but the results showed that immunogenicity and the ability to overcome food tolerance in B. subtilis do not depend solely on invasiveness. Other Bacillus species, such as B. halotolerans, may hold promise for probiotic development.
COMPARISON OF SEX HORMONES LEVELS IN FEMALE REINDEER DURING ANESTRUS AND THE BREEDING PERIOD
Authors: Krutikova A. A. , Shiriaev G. V. , Nikitkina E. V. , Peglivanian G. K. , Belikova A. O. , Musidray A. A. , Nikitin G. S.
Published: January 2025

Reindeer husbandry is a historically established main branch of animal husbandry in the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Despite the active of domestic reindeer breeding within the northern latitudes of our country, the features of the biological processes of this animal species remain incompletely understood. The importance is a detailed study the reproductive system physiology, which is relevant in light of the prospects for introducing assisted reproductive technologies into reindeer husbandry practice in order to intensify the selection process. Assisted reproductive technologies in reindeer husbandry are currently not used even in breeding herds due to the low level of development, although their introduction can significantly reduce the time and financial costs of selection and breeding work carried out to improve the productive qualities of domestic reindeer breeds. In mammals, the sexual process is under the complex subordinate control of neurohumoral mechanisms, which are based on changes in hormonal status, that is, the levels and ratios of the hormones in accordance with the physiological cycle. Reindeer are the least studied productive farm animals in terms of reproduction. The current trend is to study the hormonal regulation of reproductive processes in female reindeer in different physiological states, such as anestrus, rut, pregnancy, and the post-calving period. We studied the concentration of estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the blood of female reindeer before the rut (early summer, early autumn, and at the beginning of the rut). The levels of hormones were determined using enzyme immunoassay. The study determined the level hormones in physiologically healthy female domestic reindeer in the early summer and early autumn periods and at the beginning of the rut. The results obtained showed a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of progesterone and estradiol. A decrease in LH was recorded in the warm period with an increase towards the breeding period.
CONCENTRATIONS OF ESTRADIOL, ESTRONE, ESTRIOL IN THE BLOOD SERUM OF CHICKENS WITH DIFFERENT EGG YOLK WEIGHTS
Authors: Perinek O. Yu. , Shiryaev G. V.
Published: January 2025

The obtained data biologically confirm the feasibility of breeding chickens by the size of the egg yolk to increase their nutritional and biotechnological value. In the yolks of eggs of chickens of group III (with a yolk weight of M+0.5σ), the prevalence of triglycerides over group I (with a yolk weight of M-0.5σ) and II (with a yolk weight of M±0.3σ) was observed: by 24.0% (p<0.001) and 12.4%, cholesterol by 37.2% (p<0.01) and 13.5% and total protein by 22.8% (p<0.01) and 5.2%, respectively. It was established that the concentrations of estradiol, estriol and estrone change during the 6-hour period of the ovulatory cycle of chickens under study. The fluctuations of the 3 hormones in groups I and III do not coincide, in group II they coincide in two periods: 1-0 hours before laying an egg - a decline and 1-2 hours after laying an egg - an increase. In hens of groups I and II, changes in individual estrogen concentrations are subject to frequent fluctuations - declines and increases, and in hens of group III, hormone levels showed gradual decreases and increases. The predominant estrogen hormone in the blood serum of hens of the 3 groups in the studied periods of the ovulatory cycle is estriol (p < 0.001), the concentration of which is on average 1.77 ... 2.30 nmol / l for the entire period, while estradiol is 1.30 ... 1.47 nmol / l and estrone is 0.18 ... 0.23 nmol / l. The percentage of individual hormones in the sum of estrogens in the studied periods has different trends, so on average for the entire period for Group I the following percentage of estradiol, estriol and estrone in the sum of estrogens is characteristic: 37.2%, 58.2% and 4.6%, respectively, for Group II - 39.4%, 53.6% and 7.0%, and for Group III - 36.8%, 57.6% and 5.6%. Consequently, the ratios of estrogens in the groups of hens by periods of the ovulatory cycle are different. The obtained differences in the concentrations of estrogens by periods, and, consequently, the percentage of individual hormones to the sum of estrogens and their ratios to each other, are associated with differences in the synthesis of these hormones by the follicular membranes of oocytes in hens of the 3 studied groups, which affects the content of ovogenic substances of the yolk in the blood, and subsequently on the weight of the yolk of hens' eggs. Also, in the body of chickens, by changing the concentrations of estrogens and, consequently, their ratios, which are the executive mechanisms in the regulation of reproductive function in chickens in the general chain hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary, a switching of synthetic systems occurs during the ovulatory cycle, which ensure, in addition to the formation of ovogenic substances of the yolk, the formation of protein and mineral components of the shell.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE NATURAL ADAPTOGEN BETULIN ON THE CLINICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CALVES OF THE BREEDING HERD
Authors: Gnezdilova L. A. , Kruglova Yu. S. , Muradyan Zh. Yu. , Rozinsky S. M.
Published: January 2025

Experimental work was carried out within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation grant “Natural adaptogens for restoring reproductive function in cattle with mycotoxicosis (agreement No. 23-26- 00150). ABSTRACT The immunostimulating activity of betulin is manifested in the ability to induce the production of endogenous interferon in the body, as well as to increase cellular and humoral immunity, enhance the activity of some immunocompetent cells, in particular activating all indicators of phagocytosis (the ability of phagocytes to destroy viruses and bacterial cells). The purpose of the study is to study the effect of betulin on the clinical status and hematological indicators of breeding calves. The studies were conducted in the dairy complexes of the breeding farm of the Agricultural Enterprise Kolkhoz "Soznatelny", Zubtsovsky District, Tver Region, on the basis of the Department of Disease Diagnostics, Therapy, Obstetrics and Reproduction of Animals and the Treatment and Diagnostic Center of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Skryabin (hereinafter referred to as the PH). Betulin was given to each animal of the group orally at a dose of 10 mg / kg of weight with water individually 1 time per day for 14 days. To assess the effect of betulin on the body of experimental animals, as well as to exclude concomitant diseases, a clinical study of all experimental animals and a hematological analysis were conducted at the beginning and end of the experiment. An automatic hematological analyzer Abacus Junior Vet (Austria) was used to conduct clinical blood tests. The number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes, eosinophils, segmented neutrophils was calculated, as well as the hemoglobin level, color index, anisocytosis index, and hematocrit value were determined. The results of the effect of betulin on hematological indices of five-month-old breeding calves showed that the preparation causes a reliable increase in the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (p≤0.01), eliminates the phenomenon of neutrophilic leukocytosis, reducing the number of neutrophils (p≤0.05) and the total number of leukocytes (p≤0.01) to the physiological norm. Thus, it can be assumed that the drug "Betulin" stimulates active reproduction of lymphocytes, enhances phagocytosis, which leads to the relief of the inflammatory process and a decrease in the number of neutrophils.
Ichthyopathological studies of fish in open reservoirs of the far Northeast
Authors: Vitomskova E. A. , Ginter E. V.
Published: January 2025

In the period from 1989 to 2022, bacteriological and helminthological studies of commercial marine and passing salmon fish of the northern Okhotsk Sea were carried out on the basis of the Magadan Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture in order to determine their infection with pathogens of important epizootological and epidemiological significance. Bacteriological research methods have established that a monoculture of virulent bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila has been isolated from the blood and parenchymal organs of pink salmon, chum salmon and coho salmon. 1772 cultures of microorganisms were isolated and identified with the determination of the virulence of aeromonads by the degree of DNA activity.When studying the helminthofauna, the objects of research were 4 species of marine fish in the amount of 3,621 specimens: herring, navaga, spiny flounder and toothed smelt, in which five pathogens of invasions Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Pyramicocephalus phocarum, Diphyllobothrium sobolevi, Corynosoma strumosum were registered.The highest rates were observed in Pacific herring - 97.4%, in navaga - 45.3%, smelt - 40.8%. Individuals with combined invasion have been identified: navaga A. simplex, P. phocarum, C. strumosum; flounder A. simplex (P. decipiens), C. strumosum; smelt A.simplex (P. decipiens), D. sobolevi, C. strumosum. In 59.8% of the navaga, plerocercoids of the diphyllobothriid P. phocarum were found. The infection of smelt with diphyllobothria D. sobolevi plerocercoids was 64.8%.During the study of spiny flounder, toothed smelt and navaga, acanthellae of the scraper Corynosoma strumosum were found, which were located on the internal organs and in the body cavity of fish. The total infection rate with this helminth over all the years of research was 98.9%, with an invasion intensity of 74.0.
Pengaruh Interlayer Partikel Zn dengan Diameter Shoulder terhadap Struktur Mikro dan Sifat Mekanik Pengelasan Sambungan Friction Stir Spot Welding Alumunium AA1100
Authors: Budianti Siska Irma , Saputra Lingga Arti , Ito Yonathan
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is the effect of shoulder diameter with the addition of Zn particle interlayer on FSSW welding joints. The materials used are two aluminum plates with dimensions of 125 x 40 x 2 mm. The design of the FSSW welding specimen is in accordance with JIS G 3136. The results of the tensile test without Zn with the highest value at the tool diameter with a 14 mm pin of 29.8 MPa and the lowest value at the tool diameter with a 12 mm pin of 21 MPa. The tensile test results with Zn with the highest value at the tool diameter with a pin of 14 mm of 24.3 MPa and the lowest value at the tool diameter with a pin of 12 mm of 17.7 MPa. The specimen without Zn 61 HV is the area with the highest hardness value and the lowest hardness value without Zn 43 HV. While the specimen with 62 HV is the area with the highest hardness value and the lowest hardness value with Zn 42 HV.
Data-Driven Temperature and Catalyst Optimization in Hydrogen Production using K-means Clustering
Authors: Subhan Azeem  , Abdul Khaliq  , Furqan Memon  , Abdul Manan Razzaq
Published: January 2025

The optimization of hydrogen production as part of the transition to sustainable energy presents a challenge as the interplay of operational parameters decides the production rate such as temperature and the reaction performance of a catalyst. Typically, efficiency gains are sought through trial-and-error experimentation, or using linear models, which cannot model nonlinear relationships or high dimensional interactions. These issues must be dealt with advanced, data-driven techniques to uncover hidden patterns in large data sets. In this research K-means clustering, a machine learning technique, is used to analyze and optimize hydrogen production processes. The study used a dataset of 980 records derived from experimental results to discover five distinct catalyst behavior clusters based on different temperature conditions. The methodology consisted of data preprocessing, exploratory analysis, and model training and it was validated using the Elbow Method and silhouette scores. At the end, the optimal cluster configuration resulted in an SSD of 150.23 and a silhouette score of 0.72, suggesting good-quality clustering. We then used cluster analysis to derive operational patterns including temperature ranges for which certain catalysts operate at their optimum and unique performance profiles, to make more precise data-driven recommendations. Results show that machine learning is novel and superior to prior approaches to this problem, offering additional insight than traditional statistical methods. The approach allows for higher precision in the selection of the catalyst and in the process, optimization employing the identification of different operational profiles. Additional variables, like pressure and reaction times, could be added to this framework for future research, or adaptive clustering models could be used to improve real-time production optimization. This work demonstrates the utility of machine learning in the development of efficient and sustainable systems to produce hydrogen.
Perinatal aspects are at the intrauterine infection
Authors: Prishchepa Andrey
Published: January 2025

The objective: а decline of frequency of perinatal pathology is at the intrauterine infection of fetus on the basis of study of features of the functional state of fetoplacental complex, system immunity and microbiocenosis of sexual ways and intestine, and also development and introduction of complex of treatment-and-prophylactic measures. Materials and methods. By us 150 patients were inspected, among what 100 pregnant with the intrauterine infection, which were up-diffused on such groups: 1 group – 50 pregnant which got the generally accepted treatment-and-prophylactic measures; 2 group – 50 pregnant which got the method offered by us. A control group was made 50 pregnant which gave birth for the first time, without obstetric and somatic pathology, delivered through natural maternity ways. In the complex of methods of researches were included clinical, instrumental, microbiological, immunological and statistical. Results. The use of the treatment-and-prophylactic measures, directed on the correction of hormone-synthesizing function of placenta, state of system and local immunity improvement of uteroplacental circulation of blood for pregnant at the intrauterine infection, offered by us was instrumental in activating of structural mechanisms of adaptation of placenta, to the maintainance of morphometric and diffusive indexes of villiferous tree at the level of proof indemnification which is a major adaptive mean for support of viability of fetus and prevention of his infection. It allowed to reduce frequency caesar section at 2,3 time, premature break of fetus shells at 3,6 time, placenta disfunction at 1,9 time, delays of growth of fetus at 1,7 time, fetal distress in 4,5 times, realization of the intraamnial infection at 3,7 time. Conclusions. The results of the conducted researches testify to the necessity to all pregnant at the intrauterine infection ultrasonic research it is required to conduct in 24-26 week to pregnancy for by determination of localization and thickness of placenta, it echostructure, to the degree of maturity and Doppler research of the crooked speeds of circulation of blood in uterine arteries and vessels of umbilical cord, in a venous channel for early diagnostics of placenta disfunction of infectious genesis. For the prophylaxis of obstetric and perinatal complications for pregnant it is necessary to use additionally to the generally accepted recommendations of tivortin, chophytol or essentiale in the generally accepted dosages by courses for 14–21 days in the followings terms of pregnancy: 18–20; 28–30 and 36–38 weeks pregnancy. With the purpose of control after efficiency of the conducted treatment-and-prophylactic measures, except for the functional methods of research, from 22 weeks of pregnancy it is necessary to determine in the whey of blood a level placenta lactogen, estriol and progesterone, and also and the state of microbiocenosis of sexual ways and intestine, as markers of efficiency of the conducted therapy.Keywords: intrauterine infection, perinatal aspects.
Modern aspects of early diagnostics of violations in the system mother­placenta­fetus
Authors: Susidko Olena , Kovalishin Orysya
Published: January 2025

The objective:to develop the modern method of early diagnostics of heavy forms of placenta disfunction.Materials and methods. For realization put purpose, taking into account the developed prognostic scale of heavy forms of placenta disfunction, there was the formed group of supervision, which consists of 100 expectant mothers which in the terms of 18-24 weeks and 28-38 weeks gestation the conducted determination in blood of content of markers of endothelial
disfunction. Taking into account clinical motion of pregnancy, from 100 women two groups of comparison were formed: I a group was made by 50 women with placenta disfunction; II group – 50 women with placenta disfunction in combination with preeclampsia and by extragenital pathology. A control group (III group) was made 30 healthy expectant mothers. In the II group of comparison of preeclampsia diagnosed in 100% supervisions (mild severity – in 88,0% pregnant and moderate severity – in 12,0%). Results.The got results allowed nosotropic to ground including of the developed criteria of placenta disfunction and degree of severity, together with an ultrasonic constituent, in the diagnostic of this complication of pregnancy program with the purpose of increase of its exactness. Results of early diagnostics of placenta disfunction and estimation of degree of severity during pregnancy, based on the laboratory and ultrasonic testing (modified scale), in comparison with the histological verified diagnosis rotined that placenta disfunction correctly diagnosed in 91% supervisions, uncoincidences was 9%. The analysis of coincidence of clinical and histological diagnoses at the heavy forms of placenta disfunction rotined an increase to exactness of diagnostics at the use of the modified scale on 39,5% as compared to the use of scale, based only on echographic criteria. Conclusions. The results of the conducted researches testify that the clinical algorithm of conduct of expectant mothers of risk group developed on the basis of evaluation diagnostic scale (ultrasonic and laboratory testing) is promoted by exactness of diagnostics of placenta disfunction on 26,1%, it heavy forms on 39,5%, instrumental in the choice of adequate obstetric tactic, to the improvement of perinatal results at the heavy forms of placenta disfunction on 60%. The got results allow to recommend the method of early diagnostics of heavy forms of placenta disfunction in a practical health protection. Keywords: the system is a mother-placenta-fetus, diagnostics, violation.
Influence of hysterectomy is on the functional state of ovaries
Authors: Klimova Vladyslavа
Published: January 2025

The objective: to learn the clinical aspects of posthysterectomy syndrome, and also anatomical-functional to the state of ovaries for the women of perimenopausal period.Materials and methods. By us 150 women of perimenopausal period, middle age of which made 46,9±1,1 years, were inspected. To 120 women with different gynaecological diseases was mine-out hysterectomy, thus a 1 clinical group was made by 60 patients which was executed hysterectomy without appendages; 60 patients after hysterectomy with appendages were 2 clinical group, and in the group of control 30 women entered without operative treatment in anamnesis.Results. Ultrasonic research allowed to learn a structure and sizes of ovaries for the inspected patients. Thus, in an early postoperative period the volume of ovaries as compared to preoperated was increased on 60% in A to the sub-group and on 70% in the sub-group of B. Wherein, the change of volume of ovaries took place due to diminishing of number and sizes of follicles and increase hereupon of homogenity of ovaries. The similar structure of ovaries, presumably, foresaw diminishing of steroidogenesis, what the results of the conducted endocrinology researches testify to. Such increase of volumes of ovaries, probably, arises up as a result of one bandaging of basic sources of blood supply of ovaries, which results in oppression of regional hemodynamics, development of ischemia to the edema of ovaries. Possibly, exactly this process results in the decline of steroidogenesis in ovaries and development of posthysterectomy syndrome in the first 10 days after an operation. Conclusions. Frequency of origin and degree of severity of posthysterectomy syndrome for the women of perimenopausal period has direct cross-correlation dependence on general-somatic status (presence two and more extragenital diseases, including endocrine-dependent pathologies) and volume of operative interference. Hysterectomy results in the substantial changes of anatomic descriptions of ovaries which remained, expressed in the increase of volume, decline of echogenicity and disappearance of ordinary «ultrasonic» structure of ovaries, that blood supply of ovaries related to violation is during an operation. Spontaneous renewal of volume of the operated ovaries originates from 9 to 12 months after surgical treatment. The got results it must draw on at development of complex of rehabilitation measures.Keywords: hysterectomy, functional state of ovaries.
Optimization of treatment of recurrent diseases of servix is on the stage of pregravid preparation
Authors: Kostyuk Irina , Kovalishin Orysya
Published: January 2025

The objective: to promote efficiency of treatment of recurrent background diseases of servix on the basis of study of basic clinical-and-functional, biochemical, immunological and microbiological changes, and also improvement of algorithm of treatment-and-prophylactic measures. Materials and methods. By us it was conducted complex clinical-and-functional and laboratory inspection 120 women in age 20–40 from recurrent background diseases of servix: ectopia of servix, leukoplakia and papilloma servix, which developed on a background a urogenital infection. All patients were up-diffused on four groups depending on in-use medical measures. Were used clinical, instrumental, microbiological, immunological, cytological and statistical. Results. For patients with the recurrent background diseases of servix a disbalance is marked from the side of cellular and humoral immunity, and also decompensated changes of the functional state of phagocytosis and cytokine status. To our opinion it is conditioned by negative influence of chronic urogenital infection which is confirmed by high-frequency of semination of sexual ways pathogenic and de bene esse pathogenic by a microflora. The got results are a ground for the conducting of specific preparation with the obligatory use of immunocorrection and sanation of sexual ways. The decision of clinical signs of disease for all inspected patients was observed during 2–4 weeks from the beginning of treatment and accompanied by normalization of picture of strokes of scraping material from an urethra, vagina, cervical channel: diminishing of number of leucocytes, amount of mucus, disappearance of yeast mycelium, diminishing of number of cocci, shallow sticks, appearance of large number of lactobacterium. Elimination of pathogenic agent which is set on the basis of polymerase chain reaction was attained for almost all patients, plugged in an inspection during 6 weeks after the beginning of treatment which testifies to efficiency of the individually conducted treatment. Conclusions. The use of the offered algorithm of treatment-and-prophylactic measures for patients with the recurrent background diseases of servix promotes the less expressed inflammatory reaction of surrounding tissue, to reduction of term of wound healing, formation of thin and barely visible scar, complete epitelialization of defect already to the fifth days, to minimum necrosis of tissue, poorly expressive inflammatory reaction and development of granulation tissue complete epitelialization of wound in 7–10 days. The remote results of the offered algorithm of treatment-and-prophylactic measures (to 1 year) testify to absence of anomalous colposcopic picture, minimum relapse (1 case) at simultaneous normalization of microbiocenosis of sexual ways and local immunity. It allows to recommend this method for the wide use in a practical health protection. Keywords:disease of servix, relapse, treatment, pregravid preparation