bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liquid Crystals Based on Axially Fluorinated 1,3‐Dioxanes: Synthesis, Properties and Computational Study
Authors: Kirsch Peer , Hahn Alexander , Fröhlich Roland , Haufe Günter
Published: August 2006

A new class of liquid crystals with strongly negative dielectric anisotropy has been prepared by the exploitation of the somewhat “ambivalent” characteristics of the 1,3‐dioxane structure with respect to its polarity and by the axial fluorination of this structure, which gives these compounds attractive mesogenic and electrooptic properties. The increased chemical stability of these materials compared with their carbocyclic analogues has been analyzed and explained by molecular modelling. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Qualitative lessons from a community‐based violence prevention project with null findings
Authors: Williams Kirk R. , Mattson Sabrina Arredondo
Published: August 2006

This chapter, which documents lessons from a collaborative project involving researchers, youth service organizations, and a private grant‐making foundation, notes the challenge of changing deeply rooted attitudes and behaviors.
Evaluation of a teen dating violence social marketing campaign: Lessons learned when the null hypothesis was accepted
Authors: Rothman Emily F. , Decker Michele R. , Silverman Jay G.
Published: August 2006

This chapter describes an evaluation of a teen dating violence prevention media campaign, including evaluation design and results, and the challenges that arose during the evaluation process. It makes recommendations for future evaluations of mass media campaigns that target adolescents.
How much of a good thing is too much? Explaining the failure of a well‐designed, well‐executed intervention in Juvenile Hall for “hard‐to‐place” delinquents
Authors: Parker Robert Nash , Asencio Emily K. , Plechner Deborah
Published: August 2006

This chapter focuses on lessons concerning the design of interventions and the interpretation of outcome and cost‐benefit analyses. An intervention can “fail” due to the implementation of an intervention component in the context of standard treatments, and the interpretation of costs and benefits can change substantially if one considers the alternative long‐term outcomes in the absence of the intervention.
What works (and what does not) in youth violence prevention: Rethinking the questions and finding new answers
Authors: Guerra Nancy G. , Boxer Paul , Cook Clayton R.
Published: August 2006

Over the past decades, public concern over youth violence has led to a proliferation of prevention programs as well as a corresponding push to identify programs that “work.” A more accurate understanding of effectiveness as well as failure can be found by reframing the questions to ask what works, for whom, and under what conditions.
Who is watching the watchers? The challenge of observing peer interactions on elementary school playgrounds
Authors: Hudley Cynthia
Published: August 2006

This chapter discusses a multisite program evaluation in elementary schools that incorporated playground observations to document student behavior. A number of challenges are discussed, some of which were consistent with observer reactivity effects long documented in the literature, while others we believe were unique to this particular setting and provide a cautionary tale for those collecting school‐based observation data.
Commentary on the Pitfalls and Pratfalls of evaluation research with intervention and prevention programs
Authors: Bierman Karen L.
Published: August 2006

This final chapter analyzes the content of the preceding examples, suggesting implications for the field of prevention research and practice.
Spatial relationship of source localizations in patients with focal epilepsy: Comparison of MEG and EEG with a three spherical shells and a boundary element volume conductor model
Authors: Scheler Gabriela , Fischer Michael J.M. , Genow Alexandra , Hummel Cornelia , Rampp Stefan , Paulini Andrea , Hopfengärtner Rüdiger , Kaltenhäuser Martin , Stefan Hermann
Published: August 2006

Epilepsy surgery is an option for patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies, but it requires a precise focus localization procedure. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) can be used for analysis of interictal activity. The aim of this prospective study was to compare clusters of source localization results with MEG and EEG using a three spherical shells (3SS) and a boundary element method (BEM) volume conductor model. The study was closed when 100 patients met the inclusion criteria. Simultaneous MEG and EEG were recorded during presurgical evaluation. Epileptiform signals were analyzed using an equivalent current dipole model. Centroids of source localizations from MEG, EEG, 3SS, and BEM in their respective combinations were compared. In a 3SS model, MEG source localizations were 5.6 mm inferior to those obtained by EEG, while in a BEM model MEG source localizations were 6.3 mm anterior and 4.8 mm superior. The mean scattering of source localizations between both volume conductor models was 19.5 mm for EEG and 9.6 mm for MEG. For MEG no systematic difference between BEM and 3SS source localizations was found. For EEG, source localizations with BEM were 5.9 mm posterior and 11.7 mm inferior to those determined using 3SS. No differences were found between the 46 temporal and the 54 extratemporal lobe epilepsy patients. The observed systematic differences of source localizations of epileptic spikes due to the applied source signal modality and volume conductor model should be considered in presurgical evaluation when only one source signal and volume conductor model is available. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonlinear local electrovascular coupling. II: From data to neuronal masses
Authors: Riera J.J. , Jimenez J.C. , Wan X. , Kawashima R. , Ozaki T.
Published: August 2006

In the companion article a local electrovascular coupling (LEVC) model was proposed to explain the continuous dynamics of electrical and vascular states within a cortical unit. These states produce certain mesoscopic reflections whose discrete time series can be reconstructed from electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this article we develop a recursive optimization algorithm based on the local linearization (LL) filter and an innovation method to make statistical inferences about the LEVC model from both EEG and fMRI data, i.e., to estimate the unobserved states and the unknown parameters of the model. For a better understanding, the LL filter is described from a Bayesian point of view, providing the particulars for the case of hybrid data (e.g., EEG and fMRI), which could be sampled at different rates. The dynamics of the exogenous synaptic inputs going into the cortical unit are also estimated by introducing a set of Gaussian radial basis functions. In order to study the dynamics of the electrical and vascular states in the striate cortex of humans as well as their local interrelationships, we applied this algorithm to EEG and fMRI recordings obtained concurrently from two subjects while passively observing a radial checkerboard with a white/black pattern reversal. The EEG and fMRI data from the first subject was used to estimate the electrical/vascular states and parameters of the LEVC model in V1 for a 4.0 Hz reversion frequency. We used the EEG data from the second subject to investigate the changes in the dynamics of the electrical states when the frequency of reversion is varied from 0.5–4.0 Hz. Then we made use of the estimated electrical states to predict the effects on the vasculature that such variations produce. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
fMRI changes in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis patients complaining of fatigue after IFNβ‐1a injection
Authors: Rocca Maria A. , Agosta Federica , Colombo Bruno , Mezzapesa Domenico M. , Falini Andrea , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo
Published: August 2006

If fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) is related to an abnormal activation of the sensorimotor brain network, the activity of such a network should vary with varying fatigue. We studied 22 patients treated with interferon beta 1a (IFNβ‐1a; Avonex, Biogen, Cambridge, MA) with no fatigue (10) and with reversible fatigue (12). fMRI examinations were performed: 1) the same day of IFNβ‐1a injection (no fatigue; entry), 2) the day after IFNβ‐1a injection (fatigue; time 1), and 3) 4 days after IFNβ‐1a injection (no fatigue; time 2). Patients performed a simple motor task with the right, clinically unaffected hand. At time 1, compared with entry and time 2, MS patients with reversible fatigue showed an increased activation of the thalamus bilaterally. In MS patients without fatigue thalamus was more activated at entry than at time 1. In both groups at entry the primary SMC and the SMA were more activated than at times 1 and 2. At entry and time 1, when compared to patients with reversible fatigue, those without showed increased activations of the SII. Conversely, patients with reversible fatigue had increased activations of the thalamus and of several regions of the frontal lobes. An abnormal recruitment of the fronto‐thalamic circuitry is associated with IFNβ‐1a‐induced fatigue in MS patients. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) serology for predicting distant metastases in a white juvenile patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and no clinical response to EBV lytic induction therapy
Authors: Stevens Servi J. C. , Zwaan Christian M. , Verkuijlen Sandra A. W. M. , Middeldorp Jaap M.
Published: August 2006

Background.

We describe a case of a 16‐year‐old white girl with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods.

At diagnosis, the patient had characteristic immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG responses to EBNA1, viral capsid antigen (VCA)‐p18, and early antigens (EAs), with no detectable EBV DNA in her blood. Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy resulted in complete remission. Eighteen months later, the patient's IgA responses to EBNA1 and p18 and both IgA and IgG anti‐EA increased, without apparent recurrence. Five months later, lung metastases were found. She underwent surgical removal of the lung metastases and conventional chemotherapy, but had intraabdominal lymph node metastasis and mediastinal lesions develop. The patient was then treated with a novel treatment consisting of 5‐fluorouracil plus valproic acid and subsequent valganciclovir to induce lytic EBV replication. This resulted in the first detectable EBV DNA levels in the blood but did not result in clinical response.

Results.

The patient's disease progressed, and the patient declined further cancer treatment and died.

Conclusion.

In contrast to EBV DNA load, EBV serology was useful in predicting distant NPC metastasis after initial complete remission in this patient. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Rare living hypopharyngeal foreign body
Authors: Kuehnemund Matthias , Bootz Friedrich
Published: August 2006

Background.

This is a case report about a rare hypopharyngeal foreign body causing dysphagia, dyspnea, and hemoptysis as well as melena: an ingested leech. The patient was in this condition for more than 1 week.

Methods.

The ingested leech, attached to the right piriform fossa partially obstructing the larynx, had to be removed under general anesthesia.

Results.

After removal, no further symptoms occurred. The leech was identified as the species Theromyzon tessulatum.

Conclusions.

Human infestation of a leech in the upper aerodigestive tract is a very rare condition in urban areas. The current literature is reviewed and the diagnostic approach as well as therapeutic options are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Thoracic duct cyst: Sclerotherapy as alternative for surgical treatment
Authors: Dool Johannes J. , de Bree Remco , van den Berg René , Leemans C. René
Published: August 2006

Background.

Thoracic duct cysts of the cervical portion are rare benign lesions for which surgery is the treatment of choice.

Methods.

We present 2 cases of a thoracic duct cyst of the cervical portion. One patient was treated by surgery and the other patient by ethanol sclerotherapy.

Results.

After establishing diagnosis by radiologic assessment and chemical and cytological fine‐needle aspirate of the cystic masses, both patients were treated successfully.

Conclusion.

Ethanol sclerotherapy provides an alternative therapy for thoracic duct cyst when evaluation establishes a high likelihood of clinical diagnosis. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Inducible nitric oxide synthase up‐regulation and mitochondrial glutathione depletion mediate cyanide‐induced necrosis in mesencephalic cells
Authors: Prabhakaran K. , Li L. , Borowitz J.L. , Isom G.E.
Published: August 2006

We have previously shown in rat primary cultured mesencephalic cells that cyanide induces a high level of oxidative stress and necrotic death. To evaluate the mechanism of the cytotoxicity, the effects of cyanide on intracellular glutathione (GSH) pools and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)‐mediated reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generation were studied. Cyanide rapidly depleted intracellular GSH. Restoration of GSH blocked cell death, whereas depletion of GSH by synthesis inhibition increased the necrosis. Selective depletion of mitochondrial GSH (mtGSH) increased oxidative stress and enhanced cell death, whereas the cytoplasmic pool was not critical to cell survival. These actions were accompanied by increased iNOS expression as determined by Western blot analysis, RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. Up‐regulation of iNOS led to increased generation of NO as reflected by elevated nitrite levels (an end product of NO metabolism). It was determined by use of a selective inhibitor that up‐regulation of iNOS expression was transcriptionally regulated by activation of nuclear factor‐κB, a redox‐sensitive transcription factor. It was concluded that, in cyanide‐mediated neurotoxicity, mtGSH is a vital component of the cellular antioxidant defense, and its depletion can lead to oxidative stress‐mediated iNOS up‐regulation, thus enhancing RNS generation and necrosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspiration during swallowing in typically developing children of the first nations and inuit in Canada
Authors: Rempel Gina R. , Borton Barbara L. , Kumar Rajesh
Published: August 2006

Children of the First Nations and Inuit in Canada have a high propensity for lower respiratory tract infections. Overcrowding, poor housing, passive smoke exposure, and lack of breast feeding (Martens P, Bond R, Jebamani L, Burchill C, et al.http://www.umanitoba.ca/centres/mchp/reports/pdfs/rfn_pdfs/rfn_report.pdf.; MacMillan H, Walsh C, Jamieson E, Crawford A, Boyle M.http://www.hcsc.gc.ca/fnihbdgspni/fnihb/aboriginalhealth/reports_summaries/regional_survey_ch1.pdf.; Wardman AE, Khan NA. Int J Circumpolar Health 2004;63:81–92) have been cited as important contributing factors in the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections. However, aspiration during swallowing has thus far not been considered as a co‐factor in the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections in these children. We present a retrospective case series of seven typically developing children of the Canadian First Nations and Inuit, in whom aspiration during swallowing was detected in the course of investigating associations with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. None of the children had any of the known risk factors for aspiration during swallowing such as developmental variation, prematurity, neuromotor problems, or anatomic abnormalities of the upper aerodigestive tract. We speculate that aspiration during swallowing in typically developing children may be an important, previously unrecognized co‐factor in the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections, particularly in the communities of the Canadian First Nations and Inuit. Further prospective studies will be needed to determine whether aspiration during swallowing represents an independent risk factor for the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections in these children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:912–915. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PIPER: An FFT‐based protein docking program with pairwise potentials
Authors: Kozakov Dima , Brenke Ryan , Comeau Stephen R. , Vajda Sandor
Published: August 2006

The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) correlation approach to protein–protein docking can evaluate the energies of billions of docked conformations on a grid if the energy is described in the form of a correlation function. Here, this restriction is removed, and the approach is efficiently used with pairwise interaction potentials that substantially improve the docking results. The basic idea is approximating the interaction matrix by its eigenvectors corresponding to the few dominant eigenvalues, resulting in an energy expression written as the sum of a few correlation functions, and solving the problem by repeated FFT calculations. In addition to describing how the method is implemented, we present a novel class of structure‐based pairwise intermolecular potentials. The DARS (Decoys As the Reference State) potentials are extracted from structures of protein–protein complexes and use large sets of docked conformations as decoys to derive atom pair distributions in the reference state. The current version of the DARS potential works well for enzyme–inhibitor complexes. With the new FFT‐based program, DARS provides much better docking results than the earlier approaches, in many cases generating 50% more near‐native docked conformations. Although the potential is far from optimal for antibody–antigen pairs, the results are still slightly better than those given by an earlier FFT method. The docking program PIPER is freely available for noncommercial applications. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pump‐probe molecular dynamics as a tool for studying protein motion and long range coupling
Authors: Sharp Kim , Skinner John J.
Published: August 2006

A new method for analyzing the dynamics of proteins is developed and tested. The method, pump‐probe molecular dynamics, excites selected atoms or residues with a set of oscillating forces, and the transmission of the impulse to other parts of the protein is probed using Fourier transform of the atomic motions. From this analysis, a coupling profile can be determined which quantifies the degree of interaction between pump and probe residues. Various physical properties of the method such as reciprocity and speed of transmission are examined to establish the soundness of the method. The coupling strength can be used to address questions such as the degree of interaction between different residues at the level of dynamics, and identify propagation of influence of one part of the protein on another via “pathways” through the protein. The method is illustrated by analysis of coupling between different secondary structure elements in the allosteric protein calmodulin, and by analysis of pathways of residue–residue interaction in the PDZ domain protein previously elucidated by genomics and mutational studies. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transport through (Ga,Mn)As nanoconstrictions
Authors: Schlapps Markus , Doeppe Matthias , Wagner Konrad , Reinwald Matthias , Wegscheider Werner , Weiss Dieter
Published: August 2006

We investigate magnetoresistance effects for transport across (Ga,Mn)As nanoislands, detached by nanoconstrictions from wider (Ga,Mn)As input leads. As in previous studies a huge magnetoresistance was found for nanoconstrictions in the tunnelling regime. For slightly wider junctions an enhanced anisotropic magnetoresistance effect was observed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Diamond – Application to piezoelectric bimorph cantilever sensors
Authors: Mortet V. , Haenen K. , Potmesil J. , Vanecek M. , D'Olieslaeger M.
Published: August 2006

Micro‐cantilevers are excellent tools to measure tiny forces (from 1 nN up to 10 μN) as shown by the development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. That is the reason why micro‐cantilevers are also the most sensitive acoustic sensors. For instance, one can use the variation of the cantilever's resonant frequency to measure mass loading. In this work, we will show first why diamond is the most suitable material for a special type of cantilever sensors: piezoelectric bimorph cantilever sensors. In contrast to other cantilevers, it is possible to actuate piezoelectric bimorph cantilevers and to detect their resonance frequencies simultaneously. Then, we present one application of this type of cantilever: a diamond/AlN cantilever used as a high pressure sensor (up to 7 ar). The sensor operates by monitoring the frequency shift of the first resonant mode (f 1 ∼ 36.5 kHz). We have measured a sensitivity of 0.155 Hz/mbar in pure nitrogen. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Infrared optical properties of heavily B‐doped nanocrystalline diamond films on low alkaline glass substrates
Authors: Remes Z. , Nesladek M.
Published: August 2006

We measured the optical reflectance and transmittance spectra of the heavily B‐doped nanocrystalline diamond thin films deposited on low alkali barium alumino‐borosilicate glasses in a broad spectral range from ultraviolet to infrared light. We succeed to calculate separately the dielectric functions of the semitransparent B‐doped nanodiamond film and the glass substrate. The infrared dielectric function of a glass substrate is approximated by the classical Lorentz sum model of bounded oscillators whereas the infrared dielectric function of the heavily B‐doped nanodiamond film by the Drude model of free carriers. The free carrier concentration calculated from the plasma frequency only roughly corresponds to the free carrier concentration measured in Hall effect. Moreover, from the Drude model follows the high damping of free carrier oscillations in B‐NCD that correlates to their low Hall mobility. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
n‐type CVD diamond doped with phosphorus using the MOCVD technology for dopant incorporation
Authors: Kociniewski T. , Barjon J. , Pinault M.‐A. , Jomard F. , Lusson A. , Ballutaud D. , Gorochov O. , Laroche J. M. , Rzepka E. , Chevallier J. , Saguy C.
Published: August 2006

Until now, phosphorus is the best substitutional dopant for n‐type diamond. Its incorporation is usually achieved using phosphine gas. However, organic precursors of phosphorus have been recently investigated. Among them, tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) appears as an alternative to phosphine. In this report, we investigate the n‐type doping of diamond with liquid TBP using the metal‐organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) technology for dopant incorporation. Our first results with liquid TBP precursor are compared with the results published for gaseous organic precursors of phosphorus. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of the degradability of poly(lactide) packages in composting and ambient exposure conditions
Authors: Kale Gaurav , Auras Rafael , Singh Sher Paul
Published: August 2006

The adoption of biodegradable polymeric materials is increasing in food and consumer goods packaging applications, due to concerns about the disposal of petroleum‐based polymers and the increasing cost of petroleum‐based polymer resins. Currently, poly(lactide) (PLA) polymers are the biggest commercially available bio‐based polymeric packaging materials. As the main motivation for adopting biopolymers is environmental, there is a need to address the degradability and environmental performance of biodegradable packages. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the degradation of two commercially available biodegradable packages made of PLA under real compost conditions and under ambient exposure, using visual inspection, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. A novel technique to study and track the degradability of these packages under real compost conditions was used. Both packages were subjected to composting and ambient exposure conditions for 30 days, and the degradation of the physical properties was measured at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 15 and 30 days. PLA bottles made of 96% l‐lactide exhibited lower degradation than PLA delicatessen (‘deli’) containers made of 94% l‐lactide, mainly due to their highly ordered structure and, therefore, their higher crystallinity. The degradation rate changed as the initial crystallinity and the l‐lactide content of the packages varied. Temperature, relative humidity and pH of the compost pile played an important role in the rate of degradation of the packages. First‐order degradation kinetics and linear degradation trends were observed for both packages subjected to composting conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation Models for Optimizing the Design of Clinical Trials
Authors: Abbas Ismail , Rovira Joan , Cobo Erik , Casanovas Josep
Published: August 2006

Clinical trials can be looked at as an economic optimization problem. They are often costly and take a great deal of time. Inappropriate design and management of a clinical trial can lead to inefficient and wasteful use of resources. The objective of our research programme is to develop simulation models for the economic optimization of clinical trial designs and management. A simulation model for optimizing the design of clinical trials has been developed. An economic optimization function integrating the statistical power, cost and duration variables of clinical trials was formulated, and the use of simulation to assess this optimization is described. This paper suggests that there is a need to integrate clinical research with statistics, economics and computer considerations in a general model for optimizing clinical trials, subject to explicit criteria and assumptions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bootstrap Analysis of Designed Experiments
Authors: Kenett Ron S. , Rahav Effi , Steinberg David M.
Published: August 2006

In the first ENBIS conference in Oslo, Kenett and Steinberg (On the application of bootstrapping in analyzing designed experiments. Proceedings of the 1st Annual Conference on Business and Industrial Statistics, Oslo, Norway, 17–18 September 2001) proposed the application of bootstrapping to the analysis of data derived from moderate size designed experiments. In this paper we present follow‐up work with an emphasis on designed experiments with censored data, heteroscedasticity and constraints related to the structure of the experiment. Our results show clear advantages to bootstrap‐based data analysis, which is both robust and relatively easy to apply. The bootstrap analysis often points to problems in linear model analyses that might easily be overlooked. These findings suggest that bootstrapping can contribute significantly to the design of experiments methodology. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Features of Kansei Engineering Characterizing its Use in Two Studies: Men's Everyday Footwear and Historic Footwear
Authors: van Lottum Carolyn , Pearce Kim , Coleman Shirley
Published: August 2006

The consumer goods sector is increasingly competitive with many manufacturers now operating in a global market. The growing numbers of on‐line stores and product review Web sites have given the consumer new ways to compare and contrast product features before making a choice. The need for manufacturers to understand and interpret the wishes of their target consumer has led to the development of a number of techniques aimed at bringing the ‘voice of the customer’ into the design process. These have been successfully used by European manufacturers to identify quality and functional features critical to their customer base. However, an approach called Kansei engineering developed in the Far East uses the voice of the customer in a different way, identifying subjective emotional requirements as opposed to quality/functional requirements. Using Kansei engineering, it is possible to incorporate consumer emotion into the product design process, creating products that appeal to customers on a subjective level. This paper outlines the results of two field studies carried out as part of KENSYS, a Fifth Framework European project examining the use of Kansei engineering and product semantics as a suitable tool for European small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of a 12‐run Plackett–Burman Design in the Injection Moulding of a Technical Plastic Component
Authors: Tyssedal John , Grinde Hallgeir , Røstad Carl C.
Published: August 2006

During injection moulding of technical plastic components it is often the case that 15–20 variables need to be set to operational conditions when the production of a new plastic components is started. In this case study, a 12‐run Plackett–Burman design is used in the experimentation with eight factors and nine responses to obtain better operational conditions for the production of a certain product. A 12‐run Plackett–Burman design belongs to the class of non‐geometric orthogonal arrays. Most of these designs have very good projection properties compared with their run sizes, but due to partial aliasing among effects, standard methods of analysing fractional factorial two‐level designs do not apply. In this paper, part of the planning of the experiment, the method of analysis used and the results achieved are presented. Substantial improvement in the operational conditions was obtained. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistics‐driven Development of OBD Systems: An Overview
Authors: Barone Stefano
Published: August 2006

Automotive on‐board diagnostic (OBD) systems are designed to keep critical components under control during vehicle functioning, and to alert the driver in case of severe malfunctions. OBD systems aimed at reducing polluting emissions are mandatory on new motor vehicles. Some research projects conducted in cooperation between universities and the automotive industry have been quite successful in terms of knowledge advancement and industrial gain. An updated overview of the adopted methodologies and results obtained are given in this article. Such results can be valuable for both theorists and practitioners, since they witness the use of statistics as a powerful catalyst of technical progress, and give a possible line of action for further application in several scientific fields. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate Control Charts Based on Bayesian State Space Models
Authors: Triantafyllopoulos K.
Published: August 2006

This paper develops a new multivariate control charting method for vector autocorrelated and serially correlated processes. The main idea is to propose a Bayesian multivariate local level model, which is a generalization of the Shewhart–Deming model for autocorrelated processes, in order to provide the predictive error distribution of the process and then to apply a univariate modified exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart to the logarithm of the Bayes' factors of the predictive error density versus the target error density. The resulting chart is proposed as capable of dealing with both the non‐normality and the autocorrelation structure of the log Bayes' factors. The new control charting scheme is general in application and it has the advantage of controlling simultaneously not only the process mean vector and the dispersion covariance matrix, but also the entire target distribution of the process. Two examples of London Metal Exchange data and of production time series data illustrate the capabilities of the new control chart. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid Method for Quantifying and Analyzing Bayesian Belief Nets
Authors: Hanea A. M. , Kurowicka D. , Cooke R. M.
Published: August 2006

Bayesian belief nets (BBNs) have become a popular tool for specifying high‐dimensional probabilistic models. Commercial tools with an advanced graphical user interface that support BBNs construction and inference are available. Thus, building and working with BBNs is very efficient as long as one is not forced to quantify complex BBNs. A high assessment burden of discrete BBNs is often caused by the discretization of continuous variables. Until recently, continuous BBNs were restricted to the joint normal distribution. We present the ‘copula–vine’ approach to continuous BBNs. This approach is quite general and allows traceable and defendable quantification methods, but it comes at a price: these BBNs must be evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. Updating such a BBN requires re‐sampling the whole structure. The advantages of fast updating algorithms for discrete BBNs are decisive. A hybrid method advanced here samples the continuous BBN once, and then discretizes this so as to enable fast updating. This combines the reduced assessment burden and modelling flexibility of the continuous BBNs with the fast updating algorithms of discrete BBNs. Sampling large complex structures only once can still involve time consuming numerical calculations. Therefore a new sampling protocol based on normal vines is developed. Normal vines are used to realize the dependence structure specified via (conditional) rank correlations on the continuous BBN. We will emphasize the advantages of this method by means of examples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paleoceanographic evolution of the SW Svalbard margin (76°N) since 20,000 14C yr BP
Authors: Rasmussen Tine L. , Thomsen Erik , Ślubowska Marta A. , Jessen Simon , Solheim Anders , Koç Nalân
Published: August 2006

Two cores from the southwestern shelf and slope of Storfjorden, Svalbard, taken at 389 m and 1485 m water depth have been analyzed for benthic and planktic foraminifera, oxygen isotopes, and ice-rafted debris. The results show that over the last 20,000 yr, Atlantic water has been continuously present on the southwestern Svalbard shelf. However, from 15,000 to 10,000 14C yr BP, comprising the Heinrich event H1 interval, the Bølling–Allerød interstades and the Younger Dryas stade, it flowed as a subsurface water mass below a layer of polar surface water. In the benthic environment, the shift to interglacial conditions occurred at 10,000 14C yr BP. Due to the presence of a thin upper layer of polar water, surface conditions remained cold until ca. 9000 14C yr BP, when the warm Atlantic water finally appeared at the surface. Neither extensive sea ice cover nor large inputs of meltwater stopped the inflow of Atlantic water. Its warm core was merely submerged below the cold polar surface water.
Resolving Conflicts at Work: A Complete Guide for Everyone on the Job
Authors: Scherffius Jo Ann
Published: August 2006

Resolving Conflicts at Work: A Complete Guide for Everyone on the Job, Kenneth Cloke, Joan Goldsmith, 2000, hardback, 251 pp $25.50
If Disney Ran Your Hospital: 9½ Things You Would Do Differently
Authors: Harvey Mary Kay
Published: August 2006

If Disney Ran Your Hospital: 9½ Things You Would Do Differently, Fred Lee, 2004, softcover, 203 pp $ 22
Executive Excellence: Protocols for Healthcare Leaders
Authors: Zuber Jennifer
Published: August 2006

Executive Excellence: Protocols for Healthcare Leaders, Carson F. Dye, 2nd edition, 2000, softcover, 176 pp $63
Trials to Triumphs: Perspectives from Successful Healthcare Leaders
Authors: Hennessey Jeannemarie
Published: August 2006

Trials to Triumphs: Perspectives from Successful Healthcare Leaders, Donald J. Lloyd, D.C. Wegmiller, W. Robert Wright, Jr, 2001, softcover, 235 pp $16
Healthcare Marketing, Sales and Service: An Executive's Companion
Authors: Giarrizzo‐Wilson Sharon
Published: August 2006

Healthcare Marketing, Sales and Service: An Executive's Companion, John F. O'Malley, 2001, softcover, 167 pp $63
The DASH Diet for Hypertension
Authors: Brechtel Royceann D.
Published: August 2006

The DASH Diet for Hypertension, Thomas Moore et al, 2003, softcover, 345 pp $6.99
Strategies for Nursing Leadership
Authors: Brian Sara Lynn
Published: August 2006

Strategies for Nursing Leadership, Harriet R. Feldman, 2001, hardcover, 346 pp 51.95
Healthy Children Sourcebook
Authors: Beckwith Helen
Published: August 2006

Healthy Children Sourcebook, Chad T. Kimball, 2003, hardcover, 647 pp $78
Eliminate Stress From Your Life Forever: A Simple Program for Better Living
Authors: Golobich Linda M.
Published: August 2006

Eliminate Stress From Your Life Forever: A Simple Program for Better Living, William Atkinson, 2004, softcover, 171 pp $12.95
Leading and Managing in Nursing
Authors: Turner Cynthia D.
Published: August 2006

Leading and Managing in Nursing, Patricia S. Yoder‐Wise, third edition, 2003, paperback, 656 pp $44.95
Managing Health Services: Cases in Organization Design and Decision Making
Authors: Shatto Nancy J.
Published: August 2006

Managing Health Services: Cases in Organization Design and Decision Making, Deborah E. Bender, Julie Curkendall, Heather Manning, 2000, softcover, 214 pp $55
How to Survive Your Hospital Stay: The Complete Guide to Getting the Care You Need—and Avoiding the Problems You Don't
Authors: Scarbrough Mary Ellen
Published: August 2006

How to Survive Your Hospital Stay: The Complete Guide to Getting the Care You Need—and Avoiding the Problems You Don't, Gail Van Kanegan, Michael Boyette, 2003, softcover, 248 pp $14
Digital Capital: Harnessing the Power of Business Webs
Authors: Davis Janice
Published: August 2006

Digital Capital: Harnessing the Power of Business Webs, Don Tapscott, David Ticoll, Alex Lowy, 2000, hardback, 272 pp $27.50
New Century Healthcare: Strategies for Providers, Purchasers, and Plans
Authors: Koch Fran
Published: August 2006

New Century Healthcare: Strategies for Providers, Purchasers, and Plans, Russell C. Coile, Jr, 2000, paperback, 260 pp $63
Good Carbohydrate Revolution
Authors: Gay Lisa
Published: August 2006

Good Carbohydrate Revolution, Terry Shintani, 2003, paperback, 448 pp $14
Your Career in Nursing: Manage Your Future in the Changing World of Healthcare
Authors: Brechtel Royceann D.
Published: August 2006

Your Career in Nursing: Manage Your Future in the Changing World of Healthcare, Annette T. Vallano, 2002, paperback, 357 pp $18
Effective Phrases for Performance Appraisals
Authors: Turner Cynthia D.
Published: August 2006

Effective Phrases for Performance Appraisals, James E. Neal, Jr, 10th edition, 2003, spiral‐bound, 224 pp $13.95
Tapestry of Healing: Where Reiki and Medicine Intertwine
Authors: Shatto Nancy J.
Published: August 2006

Tapestry of Healing: Where Reiki and Medicine Intertwine, Jeri Mills, 2001, paperback, 203 pp $15.95
Nursing the Surgical Patient
Authors: Crisman Karen S.
Published: August 2006

Nursing the Surgical Patient, Rosemary Pudner, 2000, paperback, 544 pp $51.85
Learning in Action: A Guide to Putting the Learning Organization to Work
Authors: Henderson Lesley J.
Published: August 2006

Learning in Action: A Guide to Putting the Learning Organization to Work, David A. Garvin, 2000, hardcover, 272 pages $29.95
Medication Safety and Cost Recovery: A Four‐Step Approach for Executives
Authors: Herlehy Anne Marie
Published: August 2006

Medication Safety and Cost Recovery: A Four‐Step Approach for Executives, Chip Caldwell, Charles R. Denham, 2001, paperback, 174 $68
Comfort Theory and Practice
Authors: Tiase Victoria L.
Published: August 2006

Comfort Theory and Practice, Katharine Kolcaba, 2003, paperback, 288 pp $37.95
CRNFA Study Guide and Practice Resource
Authors: Shipman Juli L.
Published: August 2006

CRNFA Study Guide and Practice Resource, Sheila L. Allen, 2004, softcover, ed 107 pp $95
Staffing Management Methods: Tools and Techniques for Nurse Leaders
Authors: Tiase Victoria L.
Published: August 2006

Staffing Management Methods: Tools and Techniques for Nurse Leaders, Maryann F. Fralic, 2000, softcover, ed 256 pp $40
Use of Nontraditional Therapies—Implications for Older Adults
Authors: Haynes Linda C. , Martin Jan Hoot , Endres Dianne
Published: August 2006

Using nontraditional therapies to replace traditional medical treatment is becoming more popular in the United States. Nurses in the twenty‐first century are faced with the challenge of broadening their view of health care and discovering the benefits of nontraditional, often ancient, health care principles and practices. Health care professionals and patients need to understand, however, that although a nontraditional therapy may be natural or noninvasive, it is not necessarily safe and without consequences. This article discusses the increased use of nontraditional therapies among older adults with a focus on the use and perioperative implications of botanical, herbal, and nutritional supplements. AORN J 77 (May 2003) 913–922.
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding for Morbid Obesity
Authors: Ferraro Dorothy Roedel
Published: August 2006

Morbid obesity, with its accompanying human and monetary costs, is a serious and growing health problem worldwide. Surgical treatments are recognized as being effective, but until recently, the available surgical options entailed invasive techniques that permanently altered the gastrointestinal tract. In June 2001, the US Food and Drug Administration approved an adjustable gastric banding system that can be implanted laparoscopically for the treatment of morbid obesity. This article discusses laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, including patient selection and evaluation, perioperative care, and the importance of a team approach to patient management and follow‐up care. AORN J 77 (May 2003) 924–940.
What is New with Renal Transplantation?
Authors: Wallace Miriam A.
Published: August 2006

Dialysis and transplantation bring new hope and life to thousands of patients with end‐stage renal disease. Renal transplantation restores reasonably normal health to patients whose kidneys no longer function and frees them from the limitations imposed by dialysis. Improved graft survival rates have further enhanced the desirability of transplantation. Currently in the United States, more than 80,000 people are living with a functioning renal transplant. The introduction of laparoscopic and laparoscopy‐assisted techniques has proven to be a major improvement to living donation. This less invasive method of donating a kidney has more than doubled the chance that a patient with kidney failure will receive a transplant from a friend or loved one. New immunosuppressant medications, improved success rates, and the proliferation of transplantation centers have made renal transplantation a viable choice for many patients. The future will be dependent upon a marked increase in organ donation, which in turn will bring about earlier transplantation for patients with end‐stage organ failure. AORN J 77 (May 2003) 946–966.
Legal and Ethical Issues Related to Nonheart Beating Organ Donation
Authors: McKenney Elizabeth , Parker Bridgette
Published: August 2006

Major breakthroughs in immunosuppressant medication and advances in surgical techniques have increased the number of successful transplantations, but the demand for organs far outweighs the supply. People continue to die while waiting for donor organs to become available. Nonheart beating organ donation is a means of increasing the supply of organs to be transplanted. It is based on cardiac cessation criteria. This article explores the ethical and legal considerations, as well as implications for perioperative nurses. AORN J 77 (May 2003) 973–976.
The Cost and Efficacy of Two Wound Treatments
Authors: Capasso Virginia A. , Munro Barbara Hazard
Published: August 2006

Using the physiology of moist wound healing as the framework, this nonexperimental, retrospective chart review compared the rate of wound healing and cost of wound care associated with wet‐to‐dry normal saline gauze dressings to the rate of wound healing and cost of wound care associated with amorphous hydrogel dressings for patients with infrainguinal arterial disease and diabetes. These patients were discharged from the hospital to home care for management of perioperative arterial surgical wound dehiscence and nonhealing ulcerations. The sample included 25 patients who used wet‐to‐dry normal saline gauze dressings and 25 patients who used amorphous hydrogel dressings. Repeated measures of analysis of covariance revealed a similar rate of wound healing in the two groups. The overall cost of wound care was significantly higher (P= .006) for patients in the normal saline group, with a higher number and cost of home nursing visits. The cost of supplies was not significantly different between groups, although amorphous hydrogel dressings cost an average of $50 more than wet‐to‐dry normal saline gauze dressings. The two treatments are equally efficacious in promoting wound healing, but amorphous hydrogel dressings are significantly more cost effective and, thus, a better value for the home care dollar.AORN J77 (May 2003) 984–1004.
CLNC SUCCESS STORIES
Authors: Annis Winnie
Published: August 2006

CLNC SUCCESS STORIES, Vickie L. Milazzo, 2002, paperback, 81 pp $12.95
HEALTH CARE USA: UNDERSTANDING ITS ORGANIZATION AND DELIVERY
Authors: Saletnik Laurie
Published: August 2006

HEALTH CARE USA: UNDERSTANDING ITS ORGANIZATION AND DELIVERY, Harry A. Sultz, Kristina M. Young, third ed, 2001, paperback, $57
LIVING PROOF: A MEDICAL MUTINY
Authors: Shatto Nancy J.
Published: August 2006

LIVING PROOF: A MEDICAL MUTINY, Michael Gearin‐Tosh, 2002, hardback, $25
Making Sense of Spirituality in Nursing Practice—An Interactive Approach
Authors: Rogers Gretchen
Published: August 2006

Making Sense of Spirituality in Nursing Practice—An Interactive Approach, Wilfred McSherry, 2000, paperback, 200 pp $24.95
Orthopedic Nursing Secrets
Authors: Smith Kay
Published: August 2006

Orthopedic Nursing Secrets, Michael E. Zychowicz, 2003, paperback, 294 pp $34.95
Manual of Medical‐Surgical Nursing Care
Authors: Barton Ann M.
Published: August 2006

Manual of Medical‐Surgical Nursing Care, Pamela L. Swearingen, fifth edition, 2003, paperback, 896 pp $39.95
Foundations of Nursing
Authors: Miller Deb
Published: August 2006

Foundations of Nursing, Barbara L. Christensen, Elaine O. Kockrow, fourth edition, 2003, paperback, 1,092 pp $49.95
Pocket Guide to Basic Skills and Procedures
Authors: Welter C.J.
Published: August 2006

Pocket Guide to Basic Skills and Procedures, Anne Griffin Perry, Veronica Peterson, Patricia A. Potter, fifth edition, 2003, hardback, 555 pp $24.99
The 108 Skills of Natural Born Leaders
Authors: Cook Brenda J.
Published: August 2006

The 108 Skills of Natural Born Leaders, Warren Blank, 2001, hardback, 272 pp $24.95
Preoperative Skin Testing of Materials Used in Surgical Procedures
Authors: Hammarsten Rosalie , Hammarsten Jan , Jemsby Per
Published: August 2006

Postoperative skin complications increase health care costs and cause patient suffering. In the OR, patients are exposed to materials with adhesive substances that have the potential to cause allergic or toxic effects on the skin. Intraoperatively and postoperatively, these reactions can result in skin complications. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of skin reactions in connection with the application of different materials. Skin reactions after preoperative skin testing occurred in 3% to 50% of patients with atopic or contact eczema, allergy, or asthma in their medical history. AORN J 77 (April 2003) 762–771.