bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multilevel Examination of Health Disparity: The Role of Policy Implementation in Neighborhood Context, in Patient Resources, and in Healthcare Facilities on Later Stage of Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Warnecke Richard B. , Campbell Richard T. , Vijayasiri Ganga , Barrett Richard E. , Rauscher Garth H.
Published: October 2018

Background:

There is a substantial racial/ethnic disparity in female breast cancer mortality in Chicago between non-Hispanic black (NHblack) and Hispanic patients compared with their non-Hispanic white (NHwhite) counterparts. This observation prompted a multilevel examination of factors that might account for the disparity, with the goal of identifying potential policy interventions that might meaningfully address it

Methods:

In the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study, 411 NHblack, 397 NHwhite, and 181 Hispanic patients diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 79 were interviewed, and medical records were abstracted for information on screening and diagnostic follow-up. We conducted a multilevel analysis to assess the role of neighborhood context, patient resources, facility characteristics, and mode of detection in determining the disparity in later stage at diagnosis.

Results:

After adjustment for neighborhood context, mode of detection, and facility accreditation/resources, there was no significant disparity in later stage breast cancer diagnosis between NHblack or Hispanic patients compared with NHwhite patients.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that racial/ethnic differences in mode of detection and facility accreditation/resources account for most of the disparity in stage at diagnosis. Understanding the causes of differential screen detection and access to highly accredited facilities could inform interventions to meaningfully address this disparity.

Impact:

Multilevel approaches to studying health disparities are becoming the research standard for understanding and addressing health disparities. Optimal design of multilevel interventions addressing disparities in later stage diagnosis would benefit from enhanced understanding of pathways to detection and diagnosis available to patients in medically underserved communities.
Successful Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus by Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir in a Cirrhotic Patient with Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemia Minor
Authors: Al Moussawi Hassan , Polavarapu Abhishek D. , Asti Divya , Awada Zainab , Mulrooney Stephen 
Published: October 2018

Around 8% of patients diagnosed with sickle cell disease (SCD) are hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers. Previously, HCV treatment was seldom considered in SCD patients, as the ribavirin-induced hemolysis and interferon-induced cytopenias could lead to more profound anemia. Nowadays, several oral direct-acting antiviral drugs have been developed and approved by the FDA for hepatitis C treatment. While direct-acting antivirals mitigate many of these risks, their safety and efficacy in SCD patients remains insufficiently explored. Here, we report on successfully treating HCV with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in a compensated cirrhotic patient with SCD and thalassemia minor.
Reizreaktivität und Craving bei Verhaltenssüchten mit Fokus auf Internetnutzungsstörungen
Authors: Wegmann Elisa , Brand Matthias
Published: October 2018

Verhaltenssüchte sind gekennzeichnet durch das wiederholte Ausüben eines spezifischen Verhaltens unter Missachtung negativer Konsequenzen und des erlebten Kontrollverlusts im Alltag. Zentrale Konstrukte sind dabei Reizreaktivität und Craving, die aus der substanzbezogenen Suchtforschung auch durch aktuelle theoretische Modelle auf die Verhaltenssüchte übertragen werden. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über theoretische und empirische Arbeiten, die konsistent die Relevanz von Reizreaktivität und Craving als Schlüsselkonzepte auf subjektiver, peripherphysiologischer und neuraler Ebene bei der Entwicklung und Aufrechterhaltung spezifischer Verhaltenssüchte unterstreichen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt wird hierbei auf spezifische Internetnutzungsstörungen und die bisherigen empirischen Befunde gelegt. Aus den dargestellten Erkenntnissen werden Empfehlungen für therapeutische Konzepte abgeleitet, die vor allem Reizreaktivität und Craving in den Fokus rücken sollten. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Ansätze sollte in zukünftigen Studien systematisch zur Optimierung therapeutischer Interventionen im Rahmen der Behandlung von Verhaltenssüchten überprüft werden.
Influence of Laboratory Culture Media on in vitro Growth, Adhesion, and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wijesinghe Gayan , Dilhari Ayomi , Gayani Buddhika  , Kottegoda Nilwala , Samaranayake Lakshman , Weerasekera Manjula
Published: October 2018

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus dual-species biofilm infections are notoriously difficult to manage. This study aimed at investigating the influence of four different culture media on the planktonic growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Materials and Methods: We monitored four different culture media including Nutrient Broth, Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, Luria-Bertani broth, and RPMI 1640 medium on the planktonic growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) using MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The most robust growth of the mono- and dual-species cultures was noted in BHI broth. On the contrary, RPMI 1640 medium promoted maximal initial adhesion of both the mono- and dual-species, but BHI broth fostered the maximal biofilm growth. SEM images showed profuse extracellular polysaccharide production in biofilms, particularly in coculture, in BHI medium. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that BHI broth, relative to the other tested media, is the most conducive for in vitro evaluation of biofilm and planktonic growth kinetics of these two pathogens, both in mono- and coculture.
Clinical Correlates of Aortic Stiffness and Wave Amplitude in Black Men and Women in the Community
Authors: Tsao Connie W. , Washington Floyd , Musani Solomon K. , Cooper Leroy L. , Tripathi Avnish , Hamburg Naomi M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Mitchell Gary F. , Fox Ervin R.
Published: October 2018

Background

Black individuals have greater risk for cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) than whites. Identifying
CVD
risk factors associated with abnormal aortic hemodynamics in blacks may optimize
CVD
prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods and Results

Jackson Heart Study participants underwent applanation tonometry (2011–2016) with assessment of carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (
CFPWV
) and forward wave amplitude (
FWA
).
CVD
risk factors were assessed during examination 3 (2009–2012). We examined the association of risk factors with binary and continuous
CFPWV
and
FWA
in multivariable stepwise models. We evaluated for effect modification by sex to determine differential associations of risk factors with aortic hemodynamics in men and women. We examined 1322 individuals (mean age 66±11 years, 66% women). Age was strongly associated with elevated
CFPWV
(odds ratio, 4.76; 95% confidence interval, 3.84–5.89 [
P
<0.0001]) and
FWA
(odds ratio, 2.30; 95%
CI
, 1.98–2.69 [
P
<0.0001]). Men had greater odds of elevated
CFPWV
compared with women (odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–2.13 [
P
=0.009]). Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and use of antihypertensive medications were associated with elevated
CFPWV
and
FWA
(all
P
≤0.02). Additionally, total/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting glucose were associated with elevated
CFPWV
(both
P
≤0.002) and use of diabetes mellitus medications was associated with elevated
FWA
(
P
≤0.0001). We observed a steeper association of age and mean arterial pressure with unfavorable aortic hemodynamics in women than men.

Conclusions

In blacks in the community, differential
CVD
risk factors are associated with aortic stiffness and FWA. Future work may determine the impact of risk factor modification on abnormal central aortic hemodynamics and
CVD
outcomes.
Ardisia medogensis (Primulaceae), a new species from Xizang, China
Authors: WU XING , YE YU-SHI , LIU HUA , HU CHI-MING , HAO GANG
Published: October 2018

A new species of Primulaceae, Ardisia medogensis C.M. Hu & G. Hao, is described and illustrated. It is an interesting and highly distinctive species of Ardisia. The combination characteristics of its 4-merous flowers and crenate leaves with marginal glands (vascularized nodules) is unique in the eastern-Himalaya representatives of the genus and renders it easily identifiable.
A new Lamellibrachia species and confirmed range extension for Lamellibrachia barhami (Siboglinidae, Annelida) from Costa Rica methane seeps
Authors: MCCOWIN MARINA F. , ROUSE GREG W.
Published: October 2018

Lamellibrachia Webb, 1969 has eight currently recognized species reported from chemosynthetic environments in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Mediterranean. Of these, Lamellibrachia barhami Webb, 1969 has been reported in the eastern Pacific from Canada to Costa Rica. In this study, phylogenetic analyses of Lamellibrachia tubeworms sampled from the Costa Rica margin confirm the large geographic range of L. barhami and reveal a new Lamellibrachia species from a single methane seep between 999 and 1,040 meters. Lamellibrachia donwalshi sp. nov. differs genetically and morphologically from all congeneric species. Despite its geographic proximity to the eastern Pacific L. barhami, L. donwalshi sp. nov. formed a clade with Atlantic and Mediterranean Lamellibrachia species. This suggests a vicariant event may have occurred after an Atlantic radiation of Lamellibrachia.
An update to the taxonomy of the genus Macroderes Westwood 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with descriptions of new species from South Africa
Authors: ABDALLA ISHTIAG H. , DESCHODT CHRISTIAN M. , SCHOLTZ CLARKE H. , SOLE CATHERINE L.
Published: October 2018

The genus Macroderes Westwood, 1842 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae, tribe incertae sedis) is practically endemic to South Africa with only one species that is found little north in southern Namibia. The ranges of the species are limited to the winter-fall and bimodal biomes of South Africa comprising the regions of Richtersveld as extreme points of its northerly distribution, and extending to the south through Namaqualand to Cape Agulhas. The taxonomy of the genus is revised. Fourteen valid species are recognised and three others are of doubtful validity. Seven new species are described, these are: M. cederbergensis Abdalla & Deschodt, new species, M. tortuosus Abdalla & Scholtz, new species, M. gifboomi Abdalla & Scholtz, new species, M. leipoldti Abdalla & Deschodt, new species, M. oreatus Abdalla & Deschodt, new species, M. porselinus Abdalla, new species, and M. soleiana Abdalla & Deschodt, new species. Macroderes nitidus Harold, 1877 is redescribed and its lectotype is designated. The diagnostic characters as well as an updated geographic distribution of each species are summarised. An updated key of the genus, photographs of habitus, sclerites of internal sac, pronotum, pronotal punctures and elytra also are provided.
Neuromodulator for the Treatment of Congenital Unilateral Lower Lip Palsy
Authors: Krane Natalie A. , Markey Jeffrey D. , Loyo Myriam
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Congenital unilateral lower lip palsy is an infrequently encountered condition that manifests as lower lip asymmetry during smiling, laughing, and crying. Treatment options are not well characterized.

Methods:

The authors present the case of a 51-year-old woman who was referred for surgical intervention for facial paralysis. Physical examination demonstrated a symmetric face at rest that became asymmetric when smiling. The asymmetry, evident by inappropriate inferior displacement of the lower lip, was secondary to unilateral contraction and presence of the depressor labii inferioris. The depressor anguli oris was symmetric bilaterally. Her presentation was consistent with congenital unilateral lower lip palsy.

Results:

Lidocaine was injected into the depressor labii inferioris on the side of the face that demonstrated unilateral presence and contraction. This resulted in symmetry of the smile and lower lip without untoward effect. Onabotulinum toxin A was thereafter injected into the depressor labii inferioris. In-office treatment with botulinum toxin injection resulted in a 4-month improvement in smile symmetry.

Conclusion:

Chemodenervation is a safe and minimally invasive method to improve smile symmetry and lower lip position in cases of congenital unilateral lower lip palsy.
PD-type iterative learning control for linear continuous systems with arbitrary relative degree
Authors: Fu Qin , Du Lili , Xu Guangzhao , Wu Jianrong , Yu Pengfei
Published: October 2018

This article investigates the iterative learning control problem for linear continuous systems with fixed initial shifts. The systems have arbitrary relative degree and PD-type learning schemes are proposed. Under the effect of the PD-type learning schemes, the output-limiting trajectory is constructed. Based on the contraction mapping method, we show that the schemes can guarantee that the output of the iterative system converges uniformly to the output-limiting trajectory on the finite-time interval as the iteration index tends to infinity. A simulation example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Healing Effects of Conditioned Medium Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Radiation-Induced Skin Wounds in Rats
Authors: Sun JiaYang , Zhang YunFeng , Song XianJi , Zhu Jiajing , Zhu QingSan
Published: October 2018

Radioactive dermatitis is caused by the exposure of skin and mucous membranes to radiation fields. The pathogenesis of radioactive dermatitis is complex and difficult to cure. Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) may serve as a promising candidate for the therapy of cutaneous wounds. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a WJ-MSC-derived conditioned medium (MSC-CM) could be used to treat radiation-induced skin wounds in rats using a radiation-induced cutaneous injury model. The present study was designed to examine MSC-CM therapy in the recovery of radiation-induced skin wounds in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, we prepared the MSC-CM and tested the effects of the MSC-CM on human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. After that, we used a β-ray beam to make skin wounds in rats and tested the effects of MSC-CM on cutaneous wound healing in vivo. Our results indicated that MSC-CM secreted factors that promoted HUVEC proliferation, regeneration of sebaceous glands, and angiogenesis. Importantly, MSC-CM promoted wound healing in excess of the positive control (epidermal growth factor), with no, or smaller, scar formation. In conclusion, MSC-CM significantly accelerated wound closure and enhanced the wound healing quality. MSC-CM has a beneficial therapeutic effect on radiation-induced cutaneous injury skin in rats and in this way MSC-CM may serve as a basis of a novel cell-free therapeutic approach for radiation dermatitis.
Bufotoxin poisoning that showed the sign of acute digitalis overdose in the patient of Kyushin® intoxication
Authors: Cha Kyungman , So Byung Hak , Jeong Won Jung
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Kyushin® is a widely used herbal medicine in East Asia for heart failure. Toad venom in present in Kyushin®, which has positive inotropic effect as digitoxin.

Case presentation:

An 81-year-old, female patient presented with decreased mental status after overdose of Kyushin®. The first electrocardiogram showed junctional tachycardia with 142/min, suddenly dropped to 27/min and followed by ventricular fibrillation. After one cycle of CPR, spontaneous circulation returned but junctional bradycardia, tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation appeared. After six times of defibrillation, spontaneous circulation returned, and mechanical ventilator and transcutaneous pacing were applied. Plasma toxicology test revealed digitoxin 66.90 ng/mL by cloned enzyme donor immunoassay and digoxin 0.76 ng/mL by kinetic interaction of microparticles in solution immunoassay. After 8 h from presentation, the patient’s mental status came to be alert, and then transcutaneous pacing was removed.

Discussion:

Cloned enzyme donor immunoassay has been reported to be highly cross-reactive with digoxin-like substances, which strongly supports bufotoxin to be responsible for arrhythmia of the patient.

Conclusion:

Poisoning of bufotoxin in Kyushin® can cause cardiac arrhythmia, even arrest, but without digoxin-specific Fab, conventional therapy could be successful.
A Model for Out-of-Hospital Multispecialty Emergency Medicine: Accomplishments and Challenges
Authors: Theocharis George , Kechagias Konstantinos S , Oikonomou Michael , Chorepsima Stamatia , Rodis Dionisis , Salpigktis Ioannis , Falagas Matthew E
Published: October 2018

Home care has been traditionally considered as an important type of medical service. “SOS Doctors” is a Greek organization providing out-of-hospital multispecialty emergency medicine services the past 25 years. Its services mainly meet the demands of the elderly and the nonambulatory patients. The decreased number of hospitalizations, hospital-related infections, and need for patient transportation are the main advantages of a model for out-of-hospital multispecialty emergency medicine. However, the time consumed by the doctor related to transportation is a drawback of medical house calls. Despite the challenges, medical house calls are a useful part of health services in the modern health care system.
Preform designing approach in cold orbital forging of flange gear
Authors: Jin Qiu , Gu Zhiqiang , Hua Jian
Published: October 2018

Flange gear has a complex geometry and its volume distribution along the axial direction changes suddenly. This makes it difficult to be formed by a single step using a simple cylinder workpiece and the preform is necessary. This research aims at proposing a preform designing approach in cold orbital forging of flange gear. A three-dimensional finite element model of cold orbital forging of flange gear is first constructed. Then, the cold orbital forging processes are simulated under different preform geometries and the insufficient filling and folding defects are studied. At last, the preform is optimized and the defects are eliminated. The experiments are also performed and the preform designing approach in cold orbital forging of flange gear is verified.
New and emerging concepts in the use of denosumab for the treatment of osteoporosis
Authors: Lewiecki E. Michael
Published: October 2018

Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), a cytokine expressed by cells of the osteoblast lineage that is a key regulator of osteoclastic bone resorption. By binding and neutralizing RANKL, denosumab inhibits osteoclast differentiation, activity, and survival. Clinical trials in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis have shown that it reduces the risk of vertebral fractures, nonvertebral fractures, and hip fractures, with a generally favorable safety profile. With a dose of 60 mg subcutaneously every 6 months, it is approved for: treatment of postmenopausal women and men with osteoporosis, and for women and men with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis who are at high risk for fracture; treatment to increase bone mass in men at high risk for fracture receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer; and treatment to increase bone mass in women at high risk for fracture receiving adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer. Atypical femur fractures and osteonecrosis of the jaw have been reported in patients treated with denosumab. Discontinuation of denosumab is followed by rapidly rising bone turnover markers, decreasing bone density, and vertebral fracture risk that returns to baseline, with a possible increase in the risk of multiple vertebral fractures. Further study is needed to clarify this potential risk. After stopping long-term denosumab, patients should be switched to another antiresorptive agent to maintain the benefit achieved with denosumab.
Knowledge Management, Knowledge Creation, and Open Innovation in Icelandic SMEs
Authors: Grimsdottir Elsa , Edvardsson Ingi Runar
Published: October 2018

The aim of this article is to present findings on knowledge management (KM) and knowledge creation, as well as open innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Iceland. Two SME company case studies are presented in the form of a case study involving semistructured interviews with managers and selected employees and in-field observation. Company Alpha is a software company, whereas Company Beta is a family company which produces drinks and snacks. Knowledge creation and innovation is a learning process in both companies. The two companies show very different open-innovation models in practice. The findings regarding the two companies are in accordance with the arguments of Chiaroni et al., where they state that high-tech companies tend to prefer inside-out strategies of open innovation, whereas low-tech companies prefer outside-in strategies. Company Alpha relates to customers late in the process, whereas Company Beta relies on knowledge from customers and suppliers and for new knowledge early on in the process.
Decomposition of reflection and scattering by multiple-weighted measurements
Authors: Takatani Tsuyoshi , Mukaigawa Yasuhiro , Matsushita Yasuyuki , Yagi Yasushi
Published: October 2018

An observed image is composed of multiple components based on optical phenomena, such as light reflection and scattering. Decomposing the observed image into individual components is an important process for various computer vision tasks. No general approach to combine them exists although many decomposition methods exist. This paper proposes a general approach to combine different decomposition methods in a linear algebraic manner called multiple-weighted measurements.

Experimental results show that the proposed approach decomposes observed images into four optical components based on diffuse and specular reflection and single and multiple scattering. The decomposed components are applied to material segmentation as an application.
BRAF Inhibition in BRAFV600-Mutant Gliomas: Results From the VE-BASKET Study
Authors: Kaley Thomas , Touat Mehdi , Subbiah Vivek , Hollebecque Antoine , Rodon Jordi , Lockhart A. Craig , Keedy Vicki , Bielle Franck , Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter , Joly Florence , Blay Jean-Yves , Chau Ian , Puzanov Igor , Raje Noopur S. , Wolf Jurgen , DeAngelis Lisa M. , Makrutzki Martina , Riehl Todd , Pitcher Bethany , Baselga Jose , Hyman David M.
Published: October 2018

Purpose

BRAFV600 mutations are frequently found in several glioma subtypes, including pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) and ganglioglioma and much less commonly in glioblastoma. We sought to determine the activity of vemurafenib, a selective inhibitor of BRAFV600, in patients with gliomas that harbor this mutation.

Patients and Methods

The VE-BASKET study was an open-label, nonrandomized, multicohort study for BRAFV600-mutant nonmelanoma cancers. Patients with BRAFV600-mutant glioma received vemurafenib 960 mg twice per day continuously until disease progression, withdrawal, or intolerable adverse effects. Key end points included confirmed objective response rate by RECIST version 1.1, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety.

Results

Twenty-four patients (median age, 32 years; 18 female and six male patients) with glioma, including malignant diffuse glioma (n = 11; six glioblastoma and five anaplastic astrocytoma), PXA (n = 7), anaplastic ganglioglioma (n = 3), pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 2), and high-grade glioma, not otherwise specified (n = 1), were treated. Confirmed objective response rate was 25% (95% CI, 10% to 47%) and median progression-free survival was 5.5 months (95% CI, 3.7 to 9.6 months). In malignant diffuse glioma, best response included one partial response and five patients with stable disease, two of whom had disease stabilization that lasted more than 1 year. In PXA, best response included one complete response, two partial responses, and three patients with stable disease. Additional partial responses were observed in patients with pilocytic astrocytoma and anaplastic ganglioglioma (one each). The safety profile of vemurafenib was generally consistent with that of previously published studies.

Conclusion

Vemurafenib demonstrated evidence of durable antitumor activity in some patients with BRAFV600-mutant gliomas, although efficacy seemed to vary qualitatively by histologic subtype. Additional study is needed to determine the optimal use of vemurafenib in patients with primary brain tumors and to identify the mechanisms driving differential responses across histologic subsets.
A Visible-Light-Driven Z-Scheme CO2 Reduction System Using Ta3N5 and a Ru(II) Binuclear Complex
Authors: Muraoka Kanemichi , Uchiyama Tomoki , Lu Daling , Uchimoto Yoshiharu , Ishitani Osamu , Maeda Kazuhiko
Published: October 2018

A hybrid photocatalyst constructed with Ta3N5 and a binuclear ruthenium(II) complex had the ability to reduce CO2 into formate with >99% selectivity under visible light (λ > 480 nm), presenting the first report of a semiconductor material with a 600-nm absorption edge that is operable in a metal-complex/semiconductor photocatalyst.
Helminth parasites and immune regulation
Authors: Gazzinelli-Guimaraes Pedro H. , Nutman Thomas B.
Published: October 2018

Helminth parasites are complex metazoans that belong to different taxonomic families but that collectively share the capacity to downregulate the host immune response directed toward themselves (parasite-specific immunoregulation). During long-standing chronic infection, these helminths appear able to suppress immune responses to bystander pathogens/antigens and atopic, autoimmune, and metabolic disorders. Helminth-induced immunoregulation occurs through the induction of regulatory T cells or Th2-type cells (or both). However, secreted or excreted parasite metabolites, proteins, or extracellular vesicles (or a combination of these) may also directly induce signaling pathways in host cells. Therefore, the focus of this review will be to highlight recent advances in understanding the immune responses to helminth infection, emphasizing the strategies/molecules and some of the mechanisms used by helminth parasites to modulate the immune response of their hosts.
Increasing workflow development speed and reproducibility with Vectools
Authors: Weirick Tyler , Müller Raphael , Uchida Shizuka
Published: October 2018

Despite advances in bioinformatics, custom scripts remain a source of difficulty, slowing workflow development and hampering reproducibility. Here, we introduce Vectools, a command-line tool-suite to reduce reliance on custom scripts and improve reproducibility by offering a wide range of common easy-to-use functions for table and vector manipulation. Vectools also offers a number of vector related functions to speed up workflow development, such as simple machine learning and common statistics functions.
Migraine and CGRP: an overview of current preventive treatments and new CGRP pathway monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Bhola Ria , Greenwood Fiona
Published: October 2018

Migraine is a complex, disabling neurological disorder, characterised by repeated bouts of headache and associated symptoms. The ongoing management of frequent migraine relies on preventive treatments and several drugs that have been approved for migraine prevention. However, the majority of these drugs have been developed for other indications, and their regular use is limited by side effects, patient comorbidities and/or inadequate efficacy. This lack of appropriate, well-tolerated treatments leaves a substantial number of sufferers with unmet treatment needs. New migraine-specific treatments are therefore sought. On the horizon is a new class of compounds, monoclonal antibodies, targeting the CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) pathway. In this paper we present an overview of migraine, current preventive treatments and the new CGRP monoclonal antibodies.
Physician and advanced nurse practitioner decision-making in the management of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Leahy Teresa , Counihan Timothy J
Published: October 2018

The aim of this service evaluation study was to establish the extent of concordance in decision-making between the senior attending neurologist and the advanced nurse practitioner (ANP) in neurology, regarding identification and management of 15 participants with multiple sclerosis and reporting potential new/escalating neurological symptoms via the ANP telephone support service. Results showed 100% agreement between neurologist and ANP regarding whether to manage patient concerns via telephone or in the outpatient clinic. In the patients seen in clinic, no inconsistencies were noted in neurological findings recorded by both clinicians. Diagnostic concordance was 93.4%, with 80% management concordance between the ANP and neurologist. There was 100% agreement between the ANP and neurologist regarding the need for treatment escalation. The analysis of this study suggests that diagnostic and management decision-making provided by the ANP for patients with potential relapses and/or treatment escalation is on a par with that of the neurologist, which is the traditional model of care. Our findings support the increasing role of the ANP in the active and independent care of patients with MS.
Entering precarious job markets in the era of austerity measures: the perceptions of Master of Social Work students
Authors: Karki Karun Kishor , Chi Monica , Gokani Ravi , Grosset Cara , Vasic Jennifer , Kumsa Martha Kuwee
Published: October 2018

Despite the positive outlook for social work job prospects reported by governmental and professional associations, the reality on the front line looks bleak. There are growing concerns that social work jobs have become increasingly precarious under the dominance of neoliberal policies, through which governments cut back on social services in the name of austerity. Surprisingly, we were unable to locate research exploring the perceptions of social work students about to enter these precarious job markets. To address this gap, we conducted a qualitative study with Master of Social Work students at a mid-sized Canadian university. Students were asked what they thought about their employment prospects after graduation and what they were doing to prepare themselves. The thematic analysis of students’ narratives suggested that Master of Social Work students rode a creative tension between the fear of precarious jobs and the hope of non-precarious employment. Implications for social work education, policy and practice are discussed.
INSTRUMENTATION OF SPLIT HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR FOR TESTING OF CELLULAR METALLIC MATERIALS
Authors: Falta Jan , Zlámal Petr , Adorna Marcel
Published: October 2018

This paper presents an overview of the custom design instrumentation of a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar modified for dynamic testing of materials with low mechanical impedance, particularly for cellular metallic materials (e. g. metal foams, laser sintered structures). Design and implementation of the components related to the strain wave measurement based on strain gauges (i.e. strain-gauge measurement unit, power supply unit, filtration) and the components used for the control and synchronization of the experiment, such as module of laser trough-beam photoelectric sensor are summarized in the paper. Aside from the design of the hardware components, the contribution deals also with development of a control software with graphical user interference using LabView (National Instruments, USA) programming environment, that allows selection of parameters of the dynamic tests and their storage for the evaluation of experiments.
MULTI-CHANNEL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR IN-SITU LABORATORY LOADING DEVICES
Authors: Rada Václav , Fíla Tomáš , Zlámal Petr , Kytýř Daniel , Koudelka Petr
Published: October 2018

In recent years, open-source applications have replaced proprietary software in many fields. Especially open-source software tools based on Linux operating system have wide range of utilization. In terms of CNC solutions, an open-source system LinuxCNC can be used. However, the LinuxCNC control software and the graphical user interface (GUI) could be developed only on top of Hardware Abstraction Layer. Nevertheless, the LinuxCNC community provided Python Interface, which allows for controlling CNC machine using Python programming language, therefore whole control software can be developed in Python. The paper focuses on a development of a multi-process control software mainly for in-house developed loading devices operated at our institute. The software tool is based on the LinuxCNC Python Interface and Qt framework, which gives the software an ability to be modular and effectively adapted for various devices.
Dinámicas de la construcción social del territorio de la localidad de Sumapaz (Bogotá, Colombia): entre los conflictos socioambientales y la resistencia campesina
Authors: Bautista Gómez Martha Milena
Published: October 2018

Los estudios sobre el territorio han suscitado diversas aproximaciones teóricas que van desde las ciencias naturales a las ciencias sociales, y cada vez más, desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria. Tales estudios, con frecuencia buscan en la comprensión de la construcción de los territorios, entender la naturaleza de los conflictos socioambientales, que hoy tienen lugar a escala local y global.

Desde la perspectiva del territorio, entendido como un proceso de construcción social, y a través de una metodología cualitativa; este artículo presenta un análisis dela construcción social del territorio de la localidad rural de Sumapaz (Bogotá, Colombia), a través de las prácticas espaciales, elespacio vivido por sus actores y las concepciones institucionales sobre el territorio.Todo ello como producto de la acción humana a través de un proceso histórico, que en cada período devela unos esquemas de poder específicos y con ello diferentes formas de conflicto.
Conflictos territoriales y controversias sociotécnicas por el acceso al agua en Buenos Aires. El caso del Foro Hídrico de Lomas de Zamora
Authors: Tobias Melina Ayelén
Published: October 2018

En la última década la crítica situación hídrica que afecta gran parte del Gran Buenos Aires expresada en el déficit del agua potable y saneamiento, la falta de infraestructura y de medidas destinadas a afrontar las inundaciones, y la contaminación de ríos, arroyos y suelos, dio lugar a la emergencia de conflictos territoriales que cuestionan el diseño y la implementación de las políticas públicas vinculadas al manejo del agua en la región.

El presente artículo se propone estudiar la emergencia de dichos conflictos a través de la actuación de una organizaciónlocal,el Foro Hídrico de Lomas de Zamora. Centrándose en un enfoque cualitativo, el trabajo analizalos mecanismos con los que la organización ha logrado visibilizar la situación hídrica que los afecta y formular contrargumentos capaces de ampliar el espacio de debate sobre las opciones posibles para resolver el problemadel agua en la región.
Narrations of Sustainability: How to Tell the Story of the Socio-Ecological Transformation
Authors: Fischer Daniel , Schäfer Torsten , Borner Joachim
Published: October 2018

The potential of stories to explain problems and to arouse emotions has attracted the interest of various scientific disciplines under the concept of storytelling. The conference Narrations of Sustainability brought together researchers and practitioners with a focus on sustainability-related
storytelling.
What Kind of Great Transformation? The Imperial Mode of Living as a Major Obstacle to Sustainability Politics
Authors: Brand Ulrich , Wissen Markus
Published: October 2018

The debate over a great transformation has contributed to emphasize the depth of the social-ecological crisis and the urgency of effecting far-reaching societal change. However, it fails to provide a critical analysis of the social causes of the crisis or to properly identify the unsustainable
nature of current trends. Here the concept of the imperial mode of living steps in. It sheds light on the mechanisms through which unsustainable social relations are both reproduced and obscured. It outlines the contradictions from which, once politicized, a fundamental social-ecological transformation
may emerge.
The effect of Mesnevî supported values education on the attitudes of 4th grade students in primary school
Authors: Taş Halil , Kıroğlu Kasım
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study is to define the effect of Mesnevî Supported Values Education on the attitudes of 4th grade students in primary school towards the values such as Hospitality, Philanthropy, Patriotism, Giving Importance to the Family Unity and Tolerance. The experimental method including pretest and posttest experimental and control groups was used in order to demonstrate the differences between the attitudes of the experimental group Education was applied and the control group on which Mesnevî Supported Values Education was not applied. The data has been gathered by using attitude scale and interview forms developed by the researchers in this study. In the results obtained by analysing the data, after the application, a significant difference in favor of the experimental group between the attitude scores regarding values such as Hospitality, Philanthropy, Patriotism, Giving Importance to the Family Unity and Tolerance was found between experimental and control groups. No significant difference between the attitude scores of experimental and control groups was found in according to gender, educational background and level of income of parents. In the interviews, it is found that Mesnevî Supported Values Education application objectifies the process of value education, makes value learning easy and has a positive impact on the attitudes of students towards values.
Spis treści
Authors: - Spis treści
Published: October 2018

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Pruskie sądy administracyjne gwarantem praw podmiotowych? Organizacja sądów i praktyka orzecznicza Najwyższego Sądu Administracyjnego (OVG) a prawa polskiej mniejszości narodowej (1875-1914)
Authors: Tarnowska Anna
Published: October 2018

Pojęcie „sąd administracyjny” zasadnie kojarzy się z wyrównywaniem szans obywateli, jako słabszej strony sporu z organem administracji rządowej czy samorządowej. Istnienie tych sądów nierozerwalnie związane jest z konstrukcją państwa prawa. Jednakże w niektórych państwach doszło do powołania szczególnych sądów – trybunałów, stojących na straży praw obywatelskich, zwłaszcza tych zagwarantowanych konstytucyjnie, czego przykładem mogą być kraje Niemiec południowych. Prusy nie powołały odrębnego sądu dla ochrony praw konstytucyjnych, czy też inaczej praw podstawowych. Ta kategoria pozostawała zresztą w prawie i doktrynie wyjątkowo mglista, o czym będzie jeszcze mowa. Czy zatem gwarantem praw obywatelskich mogły być sądy administracyjne? Jakie były ku temu sposobności, a jakie przeszkody? W niniejszym opracowaniu spróbowano wskazać główne aspekty tego zagadnienia.
Dwie dekady prawa rodzinnego. Uwagi w związku z monografią Piotra Fiedorczyka Unifikacja i kodyfikacja prawa rodzinnego w Polsce (1945-1964), Białystok 2014, ss. 811
Authors: Moszyńska Anna
Published: October 2018

Zagadnienie historii prawa rodzinnego w pracach Piotra Fiedorczyka zajmuje od wielu lat miejsce szczególne. Choć autor znany jest z opracowań dotyczących m.in. Najwyższego Trybunału Administracyjnego czy Komisji Specjalnej do Walki z Nadużyciami i Szkodnictwem Gospodarczym, to gros jego ponad stu publikacji dotyczy zagadnień historii prawa rodzinnego i kodyfikacji prawa cywilnego w początkach Polski Ludowej. Ostatnia monografia jest zwieńczeniem wieloletnich badań Autora nad tym tematem.
"O pionierach nauk kryminologicznych w Polsce"
Authors: Janicka Danuta
Published: October 2018

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest uporządkowanie problematyki, a w szczególności próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie, kiedy polscy prawnicy wyszli ponad uprawianie dogmatyki prawa karnego, a także w jakim zakresie współpracowali z przedstawicielami innych dziedzin, zwłaszcza lekarzami. Dalszym zamiarem autorki jest ustalenie, w jakim stopniu pomocnicze nauki prawa karnego, w szczególności kryminologia, były przedmiotem zainteresowania lub badań czołowych polskich karników – wybitnych profesorów uniwersyteckich działających pod zaborami i w odrodzonej Rzeczypospolitej.
"Istota i rola wolności w demokracji liberalnej w myśli Raymonda Arona (1905-1983)"
Authors: Urbańczyk Michał
Published: October 2018

Zgodnie z tytułem celem opracowania jest przedstawienie poglądów Raymonda Arona na temat wolności, zwłaszcza jej istoty oraz roli, jaką odgrywa w demokracji liberalnej. Przy czym Aron pisał nie tyle o wolności w liczbie pojedynczej, lecz o wolnościach w liczbie mnogiej, wskazując między innymi na wolności realne i formalne (w szczególności wolności polityczne) oraz wolność zbiorowości jaką jest naród
"Proces sądowy jako theatrum w świetle dzieł Bartłomieja Groickiego"
Authors: Marciniak Kamila Aleksandra
Published: October 2018

„Prawo tedy jest nauka, która wiedzie ku wszelkiej poczciwości, a odwodzi od każdej nieprawości, aby przez taką naukę i skutek jej zuchwalstwo złych ludzi hamowane było, a miedzy dobremi niewinność w bezpieczeństwie trwała” – objaśnia Bartłomiej Groicki na początku jednej ze swoich prac. Kształtowanie określonych postaw, a w szczególności funkcję prewencyjną (w odniesieniu do prawa karnego), postrzegał on jako jedno z podstawowych zadań prawa, zaś proces sądowy – jako okazję do ugruntowania w świadomości społecznej jego norm. Przedmiotem zainteresowania Groickiego był przede wszystkim proces miejski, regulowany w większości polskich miast przez normy prawa niemieckiego magdeburskiego
O prapoczątkach ruchu kodyﬁkacyjnego w Szwajcarii w XVIII w. w świetle traktatu Johanna Jakoba von Leua
Authors: Lewandowicz Maria
Published: October 2018

O szwajcarskim ruchu kodyﬁ kacyjnym możemy mówić w zasadzie od połowy XIX w., kiedy Szwajcaria, zyskując status niepodległego i neutralnego państwa, przystąpiła do budowy spójnego systemu prawnego na drodze konstytucji, a następnie poprzez ustawy kompleksowo regulujące określone obszary życia społecznego. W szwajcarskiej historii był to okres szczególny, ponieważ po raz pierwszy kraj ten przystąpił do działania jako państwo związkowe, a nie luźny związek kantonów
Projekt urządzenia ogólnego ludności żydowskiej w Księstwie Warszawskim z 1809 r.
Authors: Filipiak Zbigniew
Published: October 2018

Powstałe w 1807 r. Księstwo Warszawskie dawało szansę nie tylko na odzyskanie niepodległości przez Rzeczpospolitą, lecz także nadzieję na zreformowanie ustroju i prawa pod kątem liberalnych haseł rozprzestrzeniających się wówczas po Europie, choć co do tego nie było zgody wśród elit młodego państwa. Wielu Polaków wywodzących się z warstw szlacheckich przywiązanych było do utrwalonych przez wieki (i korzystnych dla siebie) stosunków społecznych i prawnych; z niechęcią przyjęło narzucenie Księstwu liberalnej konstytucji w listopadzie 1807 r., podobnie jak epokowego pomnika prawnego, za jaki bez wątpienia uznać należy Kodeks Napoleona, wprowadzony na terytorium Księstwa w maju 1808 r. W szczególności obawiano się zrównania w prawach warstw dotąd upośledzonych, a mianowicie chłopów i Żydów. W rezultacie konserwatywnym kręgom rządowym udało się znacznie zminimalizować skutki ustanowienia w konstytucji i w kodeksie cywilnym zasady równości wobec prawa.
Francuski Kodeks procedury cywilnej z 1806 roku - kodeks Napoleona Bonaparte czy Ludwika XIV?
Authors: Klimaszewska Anna
Published: October 2018

The French Code of Civil Procedure of 1806 remained binding on the Polish territories for about 70 years and it exerted a significant influence on, among others, the shaping of the contemporary Polish terminology in this area.The present publication analyzes the issue of the nature of Code de procédure civile which – despite the extremely strong pressure during the French Revolution to introduce drastic change in the court procedure – in large part reproduced the solutions put forward in the ordinance by Louis XIV from April 1667 (Ordonnance civile touchant la réformation de la justice). On its basis, this branch of the law had been already codified in 17th century. Thus Code de procédure civile was certainly not the first code pertaining to civil procedure in France. Furthermore, the extent of the borrowings described in the article justifies the assumption that it was more of an amendment to the 1667 ordinance rather than a separate codification.
Nowy Ład wobec tradycji klasycznej
Authors: Błaszczyk Cezary
Published: October 2018

Franklin Delano Roosevelt promised the Americans the creation of the New Deal as he won the 1932 presidential election. It was a realization of a new and progressive vision of the world and, in consequence, it was to bring the Great Depression to an end. The scale of the metamorphosis was of unprecedented magnitude in the history of the United States. The next decade witnessed a doctrinal shift from the negative to a positive freedom,from deontological ethics to consequentionalism, and from the night watchman state to the welfare state. These changes found further reflection in the introduction of economic interventionism, centralization, trade protectionism and the development of the social care system. However, while seeking an ideological support for the transformational reform of the liberal doctrine, Roosevelt appealed to the traditional values of the American classical liberalism – freedom and equality. The legitimization of the system and of the political reforms was to be accomplished mainly by using the authority of the Founding Fathers. This rhetoric allowed Roosevelt to gain public support for the New Deal. The president-successor to the heritage of Jefferson and Madison acquired a moral right to lead the nation andsteer the state in a new direction. His program became “liberal” and “American” even if it bore a startling resemblance to the European authoritarian regimes of the age.
Na gruzach imperium. Ukraina po upadku cesarstwa rosyjskiego: od rewolucji lutowej 1917 do traktatu brzeskiego 1918
Authors: Hołubko Wiktor , Lityński Adam
Published: October 2018

Revolution of 1917 in the Russian Empire took place in February (according to the Julian calendar) or in March (according to the Georgian calendar used in Western Europe). As a result, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicated in the first phase of the revolution which caused the fall of the Romanov dynasty. Consequently, the Provisional Government was brought into power. At the time, the First World War was ongoing and Russia suffered severe defeats in the conflict. The country was ruled by chaos and various political groupswere fighting against each other. Furthermore, many nations started their fight for independence from the Russian Empire. The most significant events took place in Ukraine. The national activists set up their own governmental authority – Central Council of Ukraine. And, at the same time, various domestic conflicts took place in Ukraine as well. The situation was very complicated then as a 600 kilometer-long front line ran across Ukraine.Moreover, most of the country was occupied by German and Austria-Hungarian armies. It is common knowledge that the Bolsheviks led their forces against the Provisional Government in Petrograd, which was the contemporary capital of Russia (modern-day Saint Petersburg), in October / November 1917. The Bolsheviks seized power in Russia and, in consequence, the Russian Civil War started. The Bolsheviks were in no position to continue fighting in World War I and so they signed a separate peace treaty with Germany and Austria-Hungary in March 1918 in order to focus on the Russian Civil War. Ukraine, which was independent at the time, also signeda separate peace treaty with Germany and Austria-Hungary. A new phase in the war between Russia and Ukraine started which Ukraine eventually lost.