bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers to advance care planning with patients as perceived by nurses and other healthcare professionals: A systematic review
Authors: Blackwood Douglas H. , Walker David , Mythen Monty G. , Taylor Rachel M. , Vindrola‐Padros Cecilia
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Advance care planning is a means for patients to communicate their wishes, fears and desires for future health decisions should they lose the ability to consider or communicate these. Despite being supported by governments and healthcare leaders, uptake amongst the general population remains low. Nurses play a crucial role in promoting and engaging with these discussions given their close relationship with patients and families in a range of clinical settings.

Aim

To describe the barriers that nurses and healthcare professionals believe prevent them from exploring advance care planning with their patients.

Method

We carried out a systematic review of peer‐reviewed journal articles from the databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science and ProQuest Central, guided by the PRISMA checklist.

Results

Eleven articles were identified: all were self‐reporting surveys using a mix of open and closed questions. They originated in the USA, Canada, Australia and Ireland. The participants included various healthcare professionals, with the majority of studies focussing on nurses. The two most important barriers to advance care planning are lack of education and insufficient time. Advance care planning appears to be well supported, and nurses and healthcare professionals report themselves to be comfortable and confident to take on the responsibility.

Conclusion

There is a need for greater education and training for nurses and healthcare professionals. In particular, there needs to be better understanding of professional and legal responsibilities. The need for sufficient time to be made available to allow these conversations, in often busy settings, will need institutional and financial support.

Relevance to clinical practice

Increased training and knowledge are likely to lead to more positive attitudes and greater confidence for nurses, and other healthcare professionals, which should help support and encourage patient engagement with advance care planning.
Optimising compassionate nursing care at the end of life in hospital settings
Authors: Robinson Jackie , Moeke‐Maxell Tess , Parr Jenny , Slark Julia , Black Stella , Williams Lisa , Gott Merryn
Published: September 2019

Background

An urgent need to improve palliative care in hospital has been identified. Moreover, service users consistently report care delivered by nurses in hospital as lacking compassion. Compassion is a fundamental component of nursing care, and promoting compassionate care has been identified as a policy priority in many countries. To help address this within the hospital context, we recently completed research exploring bereaved family experiences of good end of life care in hospital. We found that family accounts of good care aligned with Nolan and Dewar's compassionate care framework and subsequently extended the framework to the bi‐cultural context of Aotearoa, New Zealand.

Aims and objectives

In this discussion paper, we explore synergies between our newly developedKapakapa Manawa Framework: a bi‐cultural approach to providing compassionate care at the end of lifeand the Fundamentals of Care. We argue that our framework can be used to support the implementation of the relational component of the Fundamentals of Care and the delivery of compassionate nursing practice in hospitals in Aotearoa, New Zealand.

Design

Discussion paper.

Methods

Review of relevant literature and construction of two vignettes describing good end of life care from the perspectives of bereaved family—one Māori and one non‐Māori. The vignettes provide practical examples of how the values of theKapakapa Manawa Frameworkcan be enacted by nurses to provide compassionate care in alignment with the relationship component of the Fundamentals of Care.

Conclusions

Whilst the Kapakapa Manawa bi‐cultural compassionate care framework has grown out of research conducted with people nearing the end of their lives, it has the potential to improve nursing care for all hospital inpatients.

Relevance to clinical practice

Addressing the wider policy and health system factors detailed in the Fundamentals of Care will support its implementation in the clinical setting.
HUMANITARIAN CRISES AND ADOLESCENT WELL‐BEING: KNOWLEDGE, GAPS, AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Cuesta Jose , Leone Marinella
Published: September 2019

Adolescence constitutes the second and final window of human growth and a period of specific vulnerabilities, such as early pregnancy, early marriage, HIV infection, suicide, violence, alcohol, and drugs. Only a limited body of research investigates the effects of humanitarian crises on the human capital and well‐being of adolescents. The evidence focuses on the short‐term effects of conflict and, to a lesser extent, natural disasters on education, physical health, and nutrition, but not on mental health. Most analyses examine the situations of individuals exposed in utero and young childhood, but rarely during adolescence. Typically missing are robust empirical identification strategies and estimates on heterogeneous effects across age or gender. The lack of quality data and challenges in defining adolescence, establishing causality, or ensuring ethical research explain the knowledge gaps. Possible ways to expand the evidence base include mixing georeferenced data on individual location with georeferenced data on crises, sharpening quasi‐experimental analytical techniques, and reconsidering the current timing of demographic data collection, now spanning 4‐ or 5‐year intervals. The failure to make such adjustments will end by ignoring specific vulnerabilities among adolescents and render sustainable progress in well‐being globally, narrowing inequalities, and guaranteeing human rights to all more difficult to achieve.
A Fifth Generation of Revolutionary Theory is Yet to Come
Authors: Abrams Benjamin
Published: September 2019

Despite revolution's recent return to the world stage, the progress of revolutionary theory has markedly stalled. While some have argued that recent work on the 2011 Arab Spring constitutes a new, misguided ‘fifth generation’ of theory, I show this claim to be misplaced, demonstrating the remarkable continuity between foundational fourth‐generation scholarship and present‐day analyses. Furthermore, I critically analyse the theoretical, methodological and professional obstacles which fourth‐generation theory has encountered, concluding that scholars must move beyond the fourth generation if we are to surmount them. Finally, I consider the theoretical, methodological and ethical prospects of a true fifth generation of revolutionary theory.
Mate preference priorities in the East and West: A cross‐cultural test of the mate preference priority model
Authors: Thomas Andrew G. , Jonason Peter K. , Blackburn Jesse D. , Kennair Leif Edward Ottesen , Lowe Rob , Malouff John , Stewart‐Williams Steve , Sulikowski Danielle , Li Norman P.
Published: September 2019

Objective

Mate choice involves trading‐off several preferences. Research on this process tends to examine mate preference prioritization in homogenous samples using a small number of traits and thus provide little insight into whether prioritization patterns reflect a universal human nature. This study examined whether prioritization patterns, and their accompanying sex differences, are consistent across Eastern and Western cultures.

Method

In the largest test of the mate preference priority model to date, we asked an international sample of participants (N = 2,477) to design an ideal long‐term partner by allocating mate dollars to eight traits using three budgets. Unlike previous versions of the task, we included traits known to vary in importance by culture (e.g., religiosity and chastity).

Results

Under low budget conditions, Eastern and Western participants differed in their mate dollar allocation for almost every trait (average d = 0.42), indicating that culture influences prioritization. Despite these differences, traits fundamental for the reproductive success of each sex in the ancestral environment were prioritized by both Eastern and Western participants.

Conclusion

The tendency to prioritize reproductively fundamental traits is present in both Eastern and Western cultures. The psychological mechanisms responsible for this process produce similar prioritization patterns despite cross‐cultural variation.
A Practical Guide to Cluster Randomized Trials in School Health Research
Authors: Goesling Brian
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

When well‐designed and implemented, cluster randomized trials can meet the high standards federal agencies and other funders increasingly require for evidence on the effectiveness of school health programs and services. However, designing and implementing these studies can present more challenges than at first appears.

METHODS

I reviewed summaries of the methodological literature on cluster randomized trials. I then conducted a search to identify practical applications of these methods in school health research.

RESULTS

The review identified 6 key issues or decisions school health researchers must address when designing, conducting, and analyzing data from a cluster randomized trial: (1) reasons to use a clustered design, (2) sample size calculation, (3) the use of matching or stratification, (4) definition of the school and student samples, (5) consent gathering, and (6) analysis methods.

CONCLUSIONS

School health researchers can take several practical steps to ensure the availability of high‐quality research evidence and meet the growing demands for evidence and accountability in education policy and programming. These steps include selecting the right research design for the intervention and evaluation setting, identifying appropriate sample definitions and analysis methods, and developing appropriate procedures for gathering parental permission and student assent.
Growth and development under different corruption regimes
Authors: Wang Yuan
Published: September 2019

This paper explicitly models four different corruption regimes according to the way in which corruption is practised. It distinguishes between organized and disorganized, collusive and non‐collusive corruption. The implications of these are compared and contrasted to provide ranking regarding their impacts on growth. Corruption is always bad, but the extent of the detrimental effect on growth is sensitive to the corruption regime observed. The least (or most) damaging regime is the one in which corruption is both organized and collusive (or disorganized and non‐collusive), as broadly characterizes the situation in China and its fast‐growing neighbours (or some African countries). An effective anti‐corruption policy should focus on fighting embezzlement and discretionary rent‐seeking first, which will dramatically reduce the adverse effect of corruption on growth.
Influence of host plant, geography and pheromone strain on genomic differentiation in sympatric populations of Ostrinia nubilalis
Authors: Coates Brad S. , Kozak Genevieve M. , Seok Kim Kyung , Sun Jing , Wang Yangzhou , Fleischer Shelby J. , Dopman Erik B. , Sappington Thomas W.
Published: September 2019

Patterns of mating for the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) moth depend in part on variation in sex‐pheromone blend. The ratio of (E)‐11‐ and (Z)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (E11‐ and Z11‐14:OAc) in the pheromone blend that females produce and males respond to differs between strains of O. nubilalis. Populations also vary in female oviposition preference for and larval performance on maize (C4) and nonmaize (C3) host plants. The relative contributions of sexual and ecological trait variation to the genetic structure of O. nubilalis remains unknown. Host‐plant use (13C/14C ratios) and genetic differentiation were estimated among sympatric E and Z pheromone strain O. nubilalis males collected in sex‐pheromone baited traps at 12 locations in Pennsylvania and New York between 2007 and 2010. Among genotypes at 65 single nucleotide polymorphism marker loci, variance at a position in the pheromone gland fatty acyl‐reductase (pgfar) gene at the locus responsible for determining female pheromone ratio (Pher) explained 64% of the total genetic differentiation between males attracted to different pheromones (male response, Resp), providing evidence of sexual inter‐selection at these unlinked loci. Principal coordinate, Bayesian clustering, and distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) demonstrate that host plant history or geography does not significantly contribute to population variation or differentiation among males. In contrast, these analyses indicate that pheromone response and pgfar‐defined strain contribute significantly to population genetic differentiation. This study suggests that behavioural divergence probably plays a larger role in driving genetic variation compared to host plant‐defined ecological adaptation.
Environmental filtering structures fungal endophyte communities in tree bark
Authors: Pellitier Peter T. , Zak Donald R. , Salley Sydney O.
Published: September 2019

The factors that control the assembly and composition of endophyte communities across plant hosts remains poorly understood. This is especially true for endophyte communities inhabiting inner tree bark, one of the least studied components of the plant microbiome. Here, we test the hypothesis that bark of different tree species acts as an environmental filter structuring endophyte communities, as well as the alternative hypothesis, that bark acts as a passive reservoir that accumulates a diverse assemblage of spores and latent fungal life stages. We develop a means of extracting high‐quality DNA from surface sterilized tree bark to compile the first culture‐independent study of inner bark fungal communities. We sampled a total of 120 trees, spanning five dominant overstorey species across multiple sites in a mixed temperate hardwood forest. We find that each of the five tree species harbour unique assemblages of inner bark fungi and that angiosperm and gymnosperm hosts harbour significantly different fungal communities. Chemical components of tree bark (pH, total phenolic content) structure some of the differences detected among fungal communities residing in particular tree species. Inner bark fungal communities were highly diverse (mean of 117–171 operational taxonomic units per tree) and dominated by a range of Ascomycete fungi living asymptomatically as putative endophytes. Together, our evidence supports the hypothesis that tree bark acts as an environmental filter structuring inner bark fungal communities. The role of these potentially ubiquitous and plant‐specific fungal communities remains uncertain and merits further study.
The stress paradox: how stress can be good for learning
Authors: Rudland Joy R. , Golding Clinton , Wilkinson Tim J.
Published: September 2019

Context

This article explores the myth that stress is always bad for learning. The term “stress” has been narrowed by habitual use to equate with the negative outcome ofdistress; this article takes an alternative view that ultimately rejects the myth that demonises stress. The avoidance of distress is important, but a broader view of stress as something that can have either positive or negative outcomes is considered.

Proposal

We propose that stress is important for learning and stress‐related growth. We explore the little‐mentioned concept ofeustress (good stress) as a counter to the more familiar concept of distress. We further consider that the negative associations of stress may contribute to its negative impact. The impact of stress on learning should be deliberately and carefully considered. We offer a hypothetical learning journey that considers the cause of potential stress, a stressor, and how a stressor is moderated to result in stress that may influence learning either by positively challenging the learner or by functioning as a hindrance to learning.

Conclusions

In thinking more positively about stress, health professional educators may better support the student's learning journey.
Faculty development and the growth mindset
Authors: Shapiro Neil , Dembitzer Anne
Published: September 2019

The authors outline how utilizing the concept of the growth mindset can promote the success of peer supported faculty development programs.
Minority reports: Consciousness and the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Michel Matthias , Morales Jorge
Published: September 2019

Whether the prefrontal cortex is part of the neural substrates of consciousness is currently debated. Against prefrontal theories of consciousness, many have argued that neural activity in the prefrontal cortex does not correlate with consciousness but with subjective reports. We defend prefrontal theories of consciousness against this argument. We surmise that the requirement for reports is not a satisfying explanation of the difference in neural activity between conscious and unconscious trials, and that prefrontal theories of consciousness come out of this debate unscathed.
Survey of infection and determination of the transmission vector of Onchocerca fasciata in camels (Camelus bactrianus) in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Wang R. , Yu Z. C. , Luo X. P. , Chen L. J. , Shao G. Y. , Yang X. Y.
Published: September 2019

Onchocerciasis in camels is caused by adult Onchocerca spp. and results in great economic losses to the camel industry. However, only a few studies on Onchocerca have been conducted, especially regarding the intermediate host and vector(s). In the present study, 192 camels were examined from December and January during 2013 and 2016, and the filarial larvae suspected to be Onchocerca spp. were further identified. Furthermore, aquatic dipteran insects in the living environment of camels were collected from May to September between 2013 and 2017 and dissected. Eventually, onchocercal lesions were observed in 95 of 192 (49%) camels and the captured insects were classified into 49 species from 42 genera in 21 families, among which 18 species were newly recorded in Inner Mongolia and 14 were haematophagous species. The filarial larvae were found in Culicoides puncticollis and identified as Onchocerca fasciata, indicating that C. puncticollis is the vector of O. fasciata in Inner Mongolia. These findings provide an estimate of onchocerciasis infection in camels and an alternative method of identifying insects and screening vectors using molecular methods. Important data are also provided for the diagnosis and control of onchocerciasis, thereby further filling the gap in knowledge regarding transmission vectors in China.
Disruption of the light cycle ablates diurnal rhythms in gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity
Authors: Kentish Stephen J. , Christie Stewart , Vincent Andrew , Li Hui , Wittert Gary A. , Page Amanda J.
Published: September 2019

Background

Gastric vagal afferents (GVAs) respond to mechanical stimulation, initiating satiety. These afferents exhibit diurnal fluctuations in mechanosensitivity, facilitating food intake during the dark phase in rodents. In humans, desynchrony of diurnal rhythms (eg, shift work) is associated with a higher risk of obesity. To test the hypothesis that shift work disrupts satiety signaling, the effect of a rotating light cycles on diurnal rhythms in GVA mechanosensitivity in lean and high‐fat diet (HDF)‐induced obese mice was determined.

Methods

Male C57BL/6 mice were fed standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 12 weeks. After 4 weeks, mice were randomly allocated to a normal light (NL; 12 hour light: 12 hour dark; lights on at zeitgeber time [ZT] 0) or rotating light (RL; 3‐day NL cycle, 4‐day reversed light cycle [lights on: ZT12] repeated) cycle for 8 weeks. At week 12, eight mice from each group were housed in metabolic cages. After 12 weeks, ex vivo GVA recordings were taken at 3 hour intervals starting at ZT0.

Key Results

SLD‐RL and HFD‐RL gained more weight compared to SLD‐NL and HFD‐NL mice, respectively. Gonadal fat pad mass was higher in SLD‐RL compared to SLD‐NL mice. In SLD‐NL mice, tension and mucosal receptor mechanosensitivity exhibited diurnal rhythms with a peak at ZT9. These rhythms were lost in SLD‐RL, HFD‐NL, and HFD‐RL mice and associated with dampened diurnal rhythms in food intake.

Conclusions & Inferences

GVA diurnal rhythms are susceptible to disturbances in the light cycle and/or the obese state. This may underpin the observed changes in feeding behavior.
The nature of interspecific interactions and co‐diversification patterns, as illustrated by the fig microcosm
Authors: Wang Ai‐Ying , Peng Yan‐Qiong , Harder Lawrence D. , Huang Jian‐Feng , Yang Da‐Rong , Zhang Da‐Yong , Liao Wan‐Jin
Published: September 2019

Interactions between mutualists, competitors, and antagonists have contrasting ecological effects that, sustained over generations, can influence micro‐ and macroevolution. Dissimilar benefits and costs for these interactions should cause contrasting co‐diversification patterns between interacting clades, with prevalent co‐speciation by mutualists, association loss by competitors, and host switching by antagonists.

We assessed these expectations for a local assemblage of 26 fig species (Moraceae: Ficus), 26 species of mutualistic (pollinating), and 33 species of parasitic (galling) wasps (Chalcidoidea). Using newly acquired gene sequences, we inferred the phylogenies for all three clades. We then compared the three possible pairs of phylogenies to assess phylogenetic congruence and the relative frequencies of co‐speciation, association duplication, switching, and loss.

The paired phylogenies of pollinators with their mutualists and competitors were significantly congruent, unlike that of figs and their parasites. The distributions of macroevolutionary events largely agreed with expectations for mutualists and antagonists. By contrast, that for competitors involved relatively frequent association switching, as expected, but also unexpectedly frequent co‐speciation. The latter result likely reflects the heterogeneous nature of competition among fig wasps.

These results illustrate the influence of different interspecific interactions on co‐diversification, while also revealing its dependence on specific characteristics of those interactions.
Looking back to look forward: protein–protein interactions and the evolution of development
Authors: Bartlett Madelaine
Published: September 2019

The evolutionary modification of development was fundamental in generating extant plant diversity. Similarly, the modification of development is a path forward to engineering the plants of the future, provided we know enough about what to modify. Understanding how extant diversity was generated will reveal productive pathways forward for modifying development. Here, I discuss four examples of developmental pathways that have been remodeled by changes to protein–protein interactions. These are cases where changes to developmental pathways have been paralleled by recent changes, selected for or engineered by humans. Extant plant diversity represents a vast treasure trove of molecular solutions to ecological problems. Mining this treasure trove will allow for the intentional modification of plant development for solving future problems.
Of floral fortune: tinkering with the grain yield potential of cereal crops
Authors: Sakuma Shun , Schnurbusch Thorsten
Published: September 2019

Enhancing the yield potential and stability of small‐grain cereals, such as wheat (Triticum sp.), rice (Oryza sativa), and barley (Hordeum vulgare), is a priority for global food security. Over the last several decades, plant breeders have increased grain yield mainly by increasing the number of grains produced in each inflorescence. This trait is determined by the number of spikelets per spike and the number of fertile florets per spikelet. Recent genetic and genomic advances in cereal grass species have identified the molecular determinants of grain number and facilitated the exchange of information across genera. In this review, we focus on the genetic basis of inflorescence architecture in Triticeae crops, highlighting recent insights that have helped to improve grain yield by, for example, reducing the preprogrammed abortion of floral organs. The accumulating information on inflorescence development can be harnessed to enhance grain yield by comparative trait reconstruction and rational design to boost the yield potential of grain crops.
The association between weight stigma and mental health: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Emmer Christine , Bosnjak Michael , Mata Jutta
Published: September 2019

In recent years, there has been considerable research on the relation between weight stigma and mental health, but no quantitative synthesis of the empirical evidence is available to date. This meta‐analysis (105 studies, 59 172 participants, and 497 effect sizes) fills this gap by quantifying the association between weight stigma and mental health. Age, gender, and factors presumed to exert a protective role (i.e., adaptive coping strategies and perceived social support) were tested as potential moderators. The three‐level meta‐analytic model estimated under a random effects assumption revealed a medium to large negative association between weight stigma and mental health (r= −0.35). The overall association remained significant when controlling for publication year, education, and body weight. There was substantial heterogeneity in effect sizes between studies (I2= 43%) and within studies (I2= 56%). Surprisingly, all moderator hypotheses had to be rejected. Body weight was a significant moderator, indicating a stronger association between weight stigma and diminished mental health with increasing body mass index. Future research might focus on explaining the heterogeneity of findings and on testing causality as well as potential underlying mechanisms.
Fast‐food restaurant, unhealthy eating, and childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jia Peng , Luo Miyang , Li Yamei , Zheng Ju‐Sheng , Xiao Qian , Luo Jiayou
Published: September 2019

Excessive access to fast‐food restaurants (FFRs) in the neighbourhood is thought to be a risk factor for childhood obesity by discouraging healthful dietary behaviours while encouraging the exposure to unhealthful food venues and hence the compensatory intake of unhealthy food option. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for articles published until 1 January 2019 that analysed the association between access to FFRs and weight‐related behaviours and outcomes among children aged younger than 18. Sixteen cohort studies and 71 cross‐sectional studies conducted in 14 countries were identified. While higher FFR access was not associated with weight‐related behaviours (eg, dietary quality score and frequency of food consumption) in most studies, it was commonly associated with more fast‐food consumption. Despite that, insignificant results were observed for all meta‐analyses conducted by different measures of FFR access in the neighbourhood and weight‐related outcomes, although 17 of 39 studies reported positive associations when using overweight/obesity as the outcome. This systematic review and meta‐analysis revealed a rather mixed relationship between FFR access and weight‐related behaviours/outcomes among children and adolescents.
The state of the German social insurance state: Reform and resilience
Authors: Blank Florian
Published: September 2019

At the core of the German system of welfare provision stand social insurance schemes whose central role contributes to Germany being labelled a social insurance state. In recent decades, Germany has been experiencing major social policy reforms that are often evaluated as paradigm changes. These changes have been reflected in analyses that sometimes even questioned common classifications of the German welfare state. The article sheds light on recent developments that have affected the German system of social insurance. It focuses on four aspects of social insurance: benefits, financing, governance, and coverage. Although confirming many earlier analyses of reforms in detail and sharing assessments of changes such as retrenchment and marketization, the article nevertheless stresses that social insurance remains structurally intact and that the work–welfare nexus underlying welfare provision has been reinterpreted but not surrendered.
Dysfunction of the auditory system in sickle cell anaemia: a systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Rissatto - Lago Mara Renata , Fernandes Luciene da Cruz , Alves Agda Araujo Gomes , de Oliveira Ana Carolina Guimarães , de Andrade Caio Leônidas Oliveira , Salles Cristina , Ladeia Ana Marice Teixeira
Published: September 2019

Objectives

To describe the occurrence of both peripheral and central auditory system dysfunction in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) patients and discuss the different mechanisms hypothesised to be responsible for these alterations.

Methods

An electronic search was conducted using PubMed Central® (MEDLINE), LILACS® and Scopus® databases. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement. Original observational studies that utilised audiological tests for auditory system evaluations in SCA were included.

Results

A total of 183 records were found in the databases searched. Twenty‐one of these studies met the inclusion criteria. Pooled prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was 20.5% (CI: 10.3–33%). Retrocochlear involvement was detected with the auditory brainstem response, which assesses integrity of the cochlea, 8th cranial nerve and brainstem structures. In addition, the increase in otoacoustic emission amplitudes in SCA patients indicates changes in cochlear micromechanics and precedes the expression of a detectable cochlear pathology.

Conclusion

The prevalence of the SNHL is higher than in the general population. Dysfunction of the auditory system may be present in SCA patients, with the most probable mechanism being the presence of circulatory disturbances resulting from the chronic inflammatory state of the disease.
Organizational Commitment And Employee Engagement Among Administrators In Public Universities In Malaysia
Authors: Ibnu Ruslan Ruswahida , Islam Md. Aminul , Mohd Noor Idris , Mat Norsiah , Amiruddin Aina Afiqah
Published: September 2019

This study attempted to examine the effect of organizational commitment on employee engagement among universities’ administrators in public universities of Malaysia. For the purpose of the study, data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 400 participants consisting of administrators in public universities in Malaysia. Collected data were analyzed using partial least square (PLS) structured equation modeling with the support of SMART PLS 2.0. Findings revealed that affective commitment and normative commitment has significant effect on employee engagement while continuance commitment was not found to have any significant effect on employee engagement. The outcomes of this empirical study will help in designing appropriate human resource management policies to improve the engagement level of administrator at all public universities in Malaysia.
The Influence of Training on Business Performance of Women Entrepreneurs: The Mediating Role of Innovation
Authors: Aliyu Rahmat Magajiya , Tunku Ahmad Tunku Salha , Nordin Norshahrizan
Published: September 2019

This study examined the effect of Training (TR) on the Business Performance (BP) of women in Nigeria using Innovation (I) as a mediator in order to improve the business performance of women which in the long-run contribute positively towards the increase of the Nigerian GDP. Data required for the study was collected from the Women Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) operating in the North-Western States of Nigeria using a survey design and stratified disproportionate sampling. A designed questionnaire has been distributed across the target population of 576 respondents through self-administration. In order to evaluate the proposed data, the study has adopted the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed that the mediating effect of Innovation on Training is an important strategic element for the enhancement of business performance among women in the MSMEs in Nigeria. The findings also revealed that the business performance of women in the MSMEs depends on the degree of Training that the women attend. Innovation was found to mediate the effects between Training and Business Performance of women. The findings of this study have provided important insights to women owners/managers of the MSMEs, policy makers and researchers to further understand the effects of Training on Innovation and the Business Performance of women in the MSMEs. Thus, women should also be encouraged to improve their Training on Innovation which may increase their business performance.
Interface Design of Learning Object Repository Based on Heuristic Approach/ Mereka Bentuk Antara Muka Repositori Objek Pembelajaran Berdasarkan Pemeriksaan Heuristik
Authors: Mat Noor Siti Fadzilah , Mat Ishak Shah Mohd Irwan , Sahari@Ashaari Noraidah
Published: September 2019

A Learning Object Repository (LOR) is a concept of storage, reuse and sharing of learning objects accompanied by the community in the education sector consists of students and educators. One of the elements identified to distinguish the quality of a learning object repository is the interface usability. Usability is critical for the success of an application to help users achieve their objectives. Based on previous studies, very few researches have been conducted to highlight problems in the usability of LORs. In addition, the current LOR interfaces did not help facilitate users to achieve the objectives of their assignments. Hence, a comprehensive heuristic study on interface usability was conducted on three chosen LORs in order to identify the basic functions that must exist in the LOR interface, to develop an interface prototype to be used as a model reflecting the heuristic results, and to perform tests on the interface prototype developed. The methodology of this study involves three phases: planning, execution, and development. In the execution phase, the severity ratings for the LOR interfaces were identified by Nielsen Evaluation. The prototype was tested to ensure that the usability principles were adhered.
Deconvolution of transcriptional networks identifies TCF4 as a master regulator in schizophrenia
Authors: Doostparast Torshizi Abolfazl , Armoskus Chris , Zhang Hanwen , Forrest Marc P. , Zhang Siwei , Souaiaia Tade , Evgrafov Oleg V. , Knowles James A. , Duan Jubao , Wang Kai
Published: September 2019

TCF4
acts as a master regulator affecting expression of other genes, which may contribute to the development of schizophrenia.
Decadal-scale shifts in soil hydraulic properties as induced by altered precipitation
Authors: Caplan Joshua S. , Giménez Daniel , Hirmas Daniel R. , Brunsell Nathaniel A. , Blair John M. , Knapp Alan K.
Published: September 2019

Climate change may alter the physical properties that control soil water storage and fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems.
Unexpected fish diversity gradients in the Amazon basin
Authors: Oberdorff Thierry , Dias Murilo S. , Jézéquel Céline , Albert James S. , Arantes Caroline C. , Bigorne Rémy , Carvajal-Valleros Fernando M. , De Wever Aaike , Frederico R. G. , Hidalgo Max , Hugueny Bernard , Leprieur Fabien , Maldonado Mabel , Maldonado-Ocampo Javier , Martens Koen , Ortega Hernan , Sarmiento Jaime , Tedesco Pablo A. , Torrente-Vilara Gislene , Winemiller Kirk O. , Zuanon Jansen
Published: September 2019

Atypical fish diversity gradients suggest a recent formation of the Amazon system such as we know it today.
Deglacial grounding-line retreat in the Ross Embayment, Antarctica, controlled by ocean and atmosphere forcing
Authors: Lowry Daniel P. , Golledge Nicholas R. , Bertler Nancy A. N. , Jones R. Selwyn , McKay Robert
Published: September 2019

Oceanic and atmospheric warming were dominant controls of past ice sheet retreat in Antarctica’s largest catchment.
Boutique neutrons advance
40
Ar/
39
Ar geochronology
Authors: Rutte Daniel , Renne Paul R. , Morrell Jonathan , Qi Liqiang , Ayllon Mauricio , van Bibber Karl , Wilson Jonathan , Becker Tim A. , Batchelder Jon , Bernstein Lee A. , Lebois Mathieu , James Jay , Chong Su-Ann , Heriot Will L. , Wallace Max , Marcial Angel , Johnson Charles , Woolley Graham , Adams Parker A.
Published: September 2019

Use of deuteron-deuteron fusion neutrons may substantially improve applicability and accuracy of the
40
Ar/
39
Ar technique.
Age- and sex-dependent effects of metformin on neural precursor cells and cognitive recovery in a model of neonatal stroke
Authors: Ruddy Rebecca M. , Adams Kelsey V. , Morshead Cindi M.
Published: September 2019

Metformin expands the neural precursor pool in adult females, but not males, and is correlated with cognitive recovery.
High-performance suction feeding in an early elasmobranch
Authors: Coates Michael I. , Tietjen Kristen , Olsen Aaron M. , Finarelli John A.
Published: September 2019

Paleozoic sharks evolved innovative jaw apparatus in extinction aftermath, tens of millions of years in advance of bony fishes.
Structure of human Vitronectin C-terminal domain and interaction with
Yersinia pestis
outer membrane protein Ail
Authors: Shin Kyungsoo , Lechtenberg Bernhard C. , Fujimoto Lynn M. , Yao Yong , Bartra Sara Schesser , Plano Gregory V. , Marassi Francesca M.
Published: September 2019

The blood protein Vitronectin forms a four-bladed propeller that is a hub for multiple functions and binds pathogenic bacteria.
Canadia spinosa
and the early evolution of the annelid nervous system
Authors: Parry Luke , Caron Jean-Bernard
Published: September 2019

Exceptional fossils reveal annelid nervous system evolution.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium xerosis Strain GS1, Isolated from Yak in Gansu Province, China
Authors: Wen Fengqin , Xing Xiaoyong , Bao Shijun , Hu Yonghao , Hao Bao-cheng
Published: September 2019

We report here the isolation, sequencing of the complete closed genome, and annotation of
Corynebacterium xerosis
strain GS1. This strain was isolated from the liver lesion of a yak in Gansu Province, China. The genome consists of one chromosome with 2,738,835 bp and comprises 2,304 protein-coding genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Marinobacter
sp. Strain LZ-6, Isolated from the Toxic Dinoflagellate
Alexandrium catenella
Authors: Yang Qiao , Jiang Zhiwei , Zhou Xin , Zhang Xiaoling
Published: September 2019

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Marinobacter
sp. strain LZ-6, isolated from the cell culture of a toxic marine dinoflagellate,
Alexandrium catenella
LZT09. A total of 4,405 predicted protein-coding genes were revealed, including those associated with initial biosynthesis of the key intermediate of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs), namely saxitoxin, and with toxic compound extrusion.
Complete Genome Sequence of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Strain MacIntyre
Authors: Jiao Xiaoli , Sui Hongyan , Lyons Christopher , Tran Bao , Sherman Brad T. , Imamichi Tomozumi
Published: September 2019

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) strain MacIntyre has a severe defect in the anterograde spread after replication in the nucleus. To better understand and identify the genetic determinants that lead to the unique phenotypes of the MacIntyre strain, we sequenced its genome with PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing technology and resolved the complete sequence.
Complete Genome Sequences of Three
Mycoplasma anserisalpingitis
(
Mycoplasma
sp. 1220) Strains
Authors: Grózner Dénes , Forró Barbara , Kovács Áron Botond , Marton Szilvia , Bányai Krisztián , Kreizinger Zsuzsa , Sulyok Kinga Mária , Gyuranecz Miklós
Published: September 2019

Mycoplasma anserisalpingitis
is a goose pathogen. The main symptoms in affected flocks are inflammation of the cloaca and the reproductive organs, decreased egg production, and increased embryo mortality. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of the type strain (ATCC BAA-2147) and two clinical isolates.
Postcolonoscopy splenic rupture: the under-reporting of an unpropitious phenomena?
Authors: Chow Bing Lun , Zia Khawaja
Published: September 2019

Splenic rupture secondary to colonoscopy is a rare but potentially fatal complication. Given the disparity between the small number of case reports with the incidence reported by some investigators, we contend that the former is not representative of the true extent of this sequela. We present a case report of postcolonoscopy splenic rupture, where the patient had a bizarre initial presentation of chest pain and collapse; and only developed haemodynamic instability and abdominal pain on day 2 postprocedure. Diagnosis was made with a CT scan, and resolution of symptoms was achieved with a splenectomy.
Robotic resection of a multicystic tailgut cyst
Authors: Roy Susmit Prosun , Khalessi Amirala , Phan-Thien Kim-Chi
Published: September 2019

A 29-year-old woman with recurrent pelvic pain that progressed post partum was diagnosed with a multicystic pararectal lesion on ultrasound and CT scan. Physiology was conducted to establish a preoperative function and pudendal nerve integrity. The lesion was resected using a Da Vinci Xi robotic system. She recovered uneventfully with complete resolution of her symptoms. Hindgut cysts most often arise in the presacral space as the result of incomplete embryogenesis. Patients may present with various non-specific symptoms. Although the majority are benign, resection is recommended, as there is a 30%–43% risk of malignancy.
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in sports injury research: authors—please report the compliance with the intervention
Authors: Nielsen Rasmus Oestergaard , Bertelsen Michael Lejbach , Ramskov Daniel , Damsted Camma , Verhagen Evert , Bredeweg Steef W , Theisen Daniel , Malisoux Laurent
Published: September 2019

Background

In randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions that aim to prevent sports injuries, the intention-to-treat principle is a recommended analysis method and one emphasised in the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement that guides quality reporting of such trials. However, an important element of injury prevention trials—compliance with the intervention—is not always well-reported. The purpose of the present educational review was to describe the compliance during follow-up in eight large-scale sports injury trials and address compliance issues that surfaced. Then, we discuss how readers and researchers might consider interpreting results from intention-to-treat analyses depending on the observed compliance with the intervention.

Methods

Data from seven different randomised trials and one experimental study were included in the present educational review. In the trials that used training programme as an intervention, we defined full compliance as having completed the programme within ±10% of the prescribed running distance (ProjectRun21 (PR21), RUNCLEVER, Start 2 Run) or time-spent-running in minutes (Groningen Novice Running (GRONORUN)) for each planned training session. In the trials using running shoes as the intervention, full compliance was defined as wearing the prescribed running shoe in all running sessions the participants completed during follow-up.

Results

In the trials that used a running programme intervention, the number of participants who had been fully compliant was 0 of 839 (0%) at 24-week follow-up in RUNCLEVER, 0 of 612 (0%) at 14-week follow-up in PR21, 12 of 56 (21%) at 4-week follow-up in Start 2 Run and 8 of 532 (1%) at 8-week follow-up in GRONORUN. In the trials using a shoe-related intervention, the numbers of participants who had been fully compliant at the end of follow-up were 207 of 304 (68%) in the 21 week trial, and 322 of 423 (76%), 521 of 577 (90%), 753 of 874 (86%) after 24-week follow-up in the other three trials, respectively.

Conclusion

The proportion of runners compliant at the end of follow-up ranged from 0% to 21% in the trials using running programme as intervention and from 68% to 90% in the trials using running shoes as intervention. We encourage sports injury researchers to carefully assess and report the compliance with intervention in their articles, use appropriate analytical approaches and take compliance into account when drawing study conclusions. In studies with low compliance, G-estimation may be a useful analytical tool provided certain assumptions are met.
Interventions addressing men, masculinities and gender equality in sexual and reproductive health and rights: an evidence and gap map and systematic review of reviews
Authors: Ruane-McAteer Eimear , Amin Avni , Hanratty Jennifer , Lynn Fiona , Corbijn van Willenswaard Kyrsten , Reid Esther , Khosla Rajat , Lohan Maria
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Working with men/boys, in addition to women/girls, through gender-transformative programming that challenges gender inequalities is recognised as important for improving sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for all. The aim of this paper was to generate an interactive evidence and gap map (EGM) of the total review evidence on interventions engaging men/boys across the full range of WHO SRHR outcomes and report a systematic review of the quantity, quality and effect of gender-transformative interventions with men/boys to improve SRHR for all.

Methods

For this EGM and systematic review, academic and non-academic databases (CINAHL, Medline, PsycINFO, Social Science Citation Index-expanded, Cochrane Library, Campbell Collaboration, Embase, Global Health Library and Scopus) were searched using terms related to SRHR, males/masculinities, systematic reviews and trials (January 2007–July 2018) with no language restrictions for review articles of SRHR interventions engaging men/boys. Data were extracted from included reviews, and AMSTAR2 was used to assess quality. Outcomes were based on WHO reproductive health strategy.

Results

From the 3658 non-duplicate records screened, the total systematic reviews of interventions engaging men/boys in SRHR was mapped through an EGM (n=462 reviews) showing that such interventions were relatively evenly spread across low-income (24.5%), middle-income (37.8%) and high-income countries (37.8%). The proportion of reviews that included gender-transformative interventions engaging men/boys was low (8.4%, 39/462), the majority was in relation to violence against women/girls (n=18/39, 46.2%) and conducted in lower and middle-income countries (n=25/39, 64%). Reviews of gender-transformative interventions were generally low/critically low quality (n=34/39, 97.1%), and findings inconclusive (n=23/39, 59%), but 38.5% (n=15/39) found positive results.

Conclusion

Research and programming must be strengthened in engagement of men/boys; it should be intentional in promoting a gender-transformative approach, explicit in the intervention logic models, with more robust experimental designs and measures, and supported with qualitative evaluations.