bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whole-Genome Sequence of a
Mycobacterium goodii
Isolate from a Pediatric Patient in South Africa
Authors: Allam Mushal , Joseph Lavania , Ismail Farzana , Said Halima , Ismail Nazir A. , Ismail Arshad , Mtshali Senzo , Mnyameni Florah , Goussard Pierre , Pekeur Jade C. , Lourens Adré , Omar Shaheed V.
Published: January 2018

We describe here the draft genome sequence of a
Mycobacterium goodii
isolate from a pediatric patient in Western Cape, South Africa. To our knowledge, this is the second reported genome of this rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterial species.
Genome Sequence of
Trypanosoma cruzi
Strain Bug2148
Authors: Callejas-Hernández Francisco , Gironès Núria , Fresno Manuel
Published: January 2018

Trypanosoma cruzi
belongs to the group of mitochondrion-containing eukaryotes and has a highly plastic genome, unusual gene organization, and complex mechanisms for gene expression (polycistronic transcription). We report here the genome sequence of strain Bug2148, the first genomic sequence belonging to cluster TcV, which has been related to vertical transmission.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Type Strain of
Macrococcus canis
Authors: Gobeli Brawand Stefanie , Rychener Lorenz , Schwendener Sybille , Pantůček Roman , Perreten Vincent
Published: January 2018

The first complete genome sequence of the recently described
Macrococcus canis
species has been determined for the strain KM45013
T
(=DSM 101690
T
= CCOS 969
T
= CCUG 68920
T
= CCM 8748
T
). The strain was isolated from a dog with rhinitis and contains a putative γ-hemolysin and a
mecB
-carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome
mec
element (SCC
mec
KM45013
).
Deep-basin evidence resolves a 50-year-old debate and demonstrates synchronous onset of Messinian evaporite deposition in a non-desiccated Mediterranean
Authors: Meilijson Aaron , Steinberg Josh , Hilgen Frits , Bialik Or M. , Waldmann Nicolas D. , Makovsky Yizhaq
Published: January 2018

The Messinian salinity crisis (MSC) is perceived as an environmental crisis governed by climatic and tectonic controls, affecting global oceans’ salinity and shaping the Mediterranean Sea’s biochemical composition. Recently drilled offshore wells in the Levant Basin retrieved a sedimentary record of the deep-basin Mediterranean MSC salt deposits and the underlying pre-evaporite unit. In this study, we have concentrated on the pre-evaporite interval and its transition into the overlying evaporites. Analysis of this data set changes the way these deposits have been perceived since the 1970s, when they were first penetrated in their uppermost part during Deep Sea Drilling Project expeditions. Using sedimentology, seismic interpretation, biostratigraphy, and astronomical tuning, we show that Messinian salt deposition in the Eastern Mediterranean began during stage 1 of the MSC. In contrast to the present paradigm, salt was deposited synchronously with gypsum in the marginal and intermediate-depth basins significantly before the 50 k.y. interval coined as the “MSC acme event”, ∼400 k.y. after the crisis began. Thus salt precipitation took place in a non-desiccated deep basin, having a restricted but often open connection with the Atlantic Ocean, substantially altering our understanding of the mechanisms governing the deposition of salt giants. A coeval onset of basinal halite and marginal gypsum precipitation calls for a revaluation of global-scale climatic and oceanographic models of the MSC, taking into account a much older age for the beginning of halite deposition.
Influence of knee joint position and sex on vastus medialis regional architecture
Authors: Gallina Alessio , Render Jacqueline N. , Santos Jacquelyne , Shah Hershal , Taylor Dayna , Tomlin Travis , Garland S. Jayne
Published: January 2018

Ultrasound imaging was used to investigate vastus medialis (VM) architecture in 10 males and 10 females at different knee angles. Increase in muscle thickness occurs predominantly when the knee angle is changed from 0° (full extension) and 45° (p < 0.05); increases in VM pennation angle can be predominantly observed between 45° and 90° (p < 0.05). Sex differences in the VM architecture can be observed in the distal (p < 0.01) but not in the proximal region of the muscle (p > 0.11).
Introduction of imidazolinone herbicide and Clearfield® rice between weedy rice—control efficiency and environmental concerns
Authors: Bzour Mahyoub Izzat , Zuki Fathiah Mohamed , Mispan Muhamad Shakirin
Published: January 2018

Water scarcity and increasing labor costs of rice cultivation have prompted many agro-ecosystems in the world to adopt the direct-seeded rice (DSR) method instead of the hand-transplanting method. However, there is a downside to this approach, which is the prevalence and spread of weedy rice (WR), a troublesome weed in paddy fields that has the potential to cause a 90% loss of total yield in high-infested areas. The progression, infestation, and dynamics of WR are linked to environmental circumstances, types of rice cultivar, established techniques, and field management. WR is viewed as a critical problem, as it may prove counterproductive in rice cultivation because it causes an overall increase in the production cost of paddy harvesting. For the purpose of our discussion, a method is explored that can be used to eliminate, or at least mitigate, the spread of WR, which is the Clearfield® Production System (CPS). This method consists of imidazolinone (IMI) herbicide, Clearfield® certified seeds, and the Stewardship Guide. However, use of the CPS has been known to negatively affect the environment, as it transfers resistance traits to WR, increasing IMI persistence in the cultivated soils, and contaminating soils and water with herbicide residues. These negative environmental effects could be dealt with by using integrated weed management systems (IWMS) that include the use of all viable tools and should be incorporated with the proper Stewardship Guide to reduce the growth of herbicide-resistant WR. This review aims to elucidate information pertaining to WR infestation, the characteristics thereof, sustainable techniques for WR control, IMI herbicides, and diverse methods for the extraction and determination of IMI residues in the environment. Understanding the conspecific nature of WR serves as a baseline for constructing novel WR control strategies in the future.
Intestinal lymph as a readout of meal-induced GLP-1 release in an unrestrained rat model
Authors: Jejelava Nino , Kaufman Sharon , Krieger Jean-Philippe , Terra Marcella Martins , Langhans Wolfgang , Arnold Myrtha
Published: January 2018

Intestinal lymph supposedly provides a readout for the secretion of intestinal peptides. We here assessed how mesenteric lymph duct (MLD) lymph levels of glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1), insulin, and metabolites [glucose and triglycerides (TG)] evolve after isocaloric high- and low-fat diet (HFD and LFD) meals and how they compare with hepatic portal vein (HPV) plasma levels. Moreover, we examined the effects of intraperitoneally administered GLP-1 (1 or 10 nmol/kg) on these parameters. At 20 min after the HFD meal onset, GLP-1 levels were higher in MLD lymph than in HPV plasma. No such difference occurred with the LFD meal. Intraperitoneal injections of 10 nmol/kg GLP-1 before meals enhanced the meal-induced increases in MLD lymph and HPV plasma GLP-1 levels except for the MLD lymph levels after the HFD meal. Intraperitoneal injection of 1 nmol/kg GLP-1 only increased HPV plasma GLP-1 levels at 60 min after the HFD meal. GLP-1 injections did not increase the MLD lymph or HPV plasma GLP-1 concentrations beyond the physiological range, suggesting that intraperitoneal GLP-1 injections can recapitulate the short-term effects of endogenous GLP-1. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) activity in MLD lymph was lower than in HPV plasma, which presumably contributed to the higher levels of GLP-1 in lymph than in plasma. Insulin and glucose showed similar profiles in MLD lymph and HPV plasma, whereas TG levels were higher in lymph than in plasma. These results indicate that intestinal lymph provides a sensitive readout of intestinal peptide release and potential action, in particular when fat-rich diets are consumed.
Cutaneous exposure to lewisite causes acute kidney injury by invoking DNA damage and autophagic response
Authors: Srivastava Ritesh K. , Traylor Amie M. , Li Changzhao , Feng Wenguang , Guo Lingling , Antony Veena B. , Schoeb Trenton R. , Agarwal Anupam , Athar Mohammad
Published: January 2018

Lewisite (2-chlorovinyldichloroarsine) is an organic arsenical chemical warfare agent that was developed and weaponized during World Wars I/II. Stockpiles of lewisite still exist in many parts of the world and pose potential environmental and human health threat. Exposure to lewisite and similar chemicals causes intense cutaneous inflammatory response. However, morbidity and mortality in the exposed population is not only the result of cutaneous damage but is also a result of systemic injury. Here, we provide data delineating the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) following cutaneous exposure to lewisite and its analog phenylarsine oxide (PAO) in a murine model. Both agents caused renal tubular injury, characterized by loss of brush border in proximal tubules and tubular cell apoptosis accompanied by increases in serum creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and kidney injury molecule-1. Interestingly, lewisite exposure enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney and resulted in the activation of autophagic and DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathways with increased expression of beclin-1, autophagy-related gene 7, and LC-3A/B-II and increased phosphorylation of γ-H2A.X and checkpoint kinase 1/2, respectively. Terminal deoxyribonucleotide-transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells were detected in renal tubules along with enhanced proapoptotic BAX/cleaved caspase-3 and reduced antiapoptotic BCL2. Scavenging ROS by cutaneous postexposure application of the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine reduced lewisite-induced autophagy and DNA damage. In summary, we provide evidence that topical exposure to lewisite causes AKI. The molecular mechanism underlying these changes involves ROS-dependent activation of autophagy and DDR pathway associated with the induction of apoptosis.
Effect of the Noble Metals Addition on the Oxidation Behavior of Ni3Al
Authors: Ramos-Hernandez J. J. , Porcayo-Calderon J. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez J. G. , Mayén Jan , Lara-Rodriguez G. , Salinas-Bravo V. M. , Martinez-Gomez L.
Published: January 2018

This paper discusses the effect of the addition of noble metals on the microstructure, mechanism, and oxidation kinetics of the Ni3Al intermetallic alloy. Ni3Al was doped with 1% (atomic percent) of Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt. Oxidation behavior of the alloys was evaluated at 900, 1000, and 1100°C in O2 for 24 hours. XRD analysis showed that the addition of noble metals favored the oxide growth on preferential crystallographic planes. In addition, the preferential substitution of the noble metals in the Ni3Al structure modifies the surface composition by increasing the Al/Ni ratio. It was observed that most of the alloys showed a subparabolic behavior, and only the intermetallic base and the alloy doped with Ag show a parabolic behavior at 900°C. The developed oxides were analyzed both superficially and in cross section by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDXA). It was evident that only the intermetallic base showed the formation of a duplex oxide scale (Al2O3/NiO). The alloys doped with noble metals showed the oxide growth practically of pure Al2O3. This was due to a decrease in the diffusion of the Ni cations because of the presence of the noble metals in the crystalline structure.
The Ratio of Plasma and Urinary 8‐oxo‐Gsn Could Be a Novel Evaluation Index for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Mao Yong-Hui , Xu Leng-Nan , Weng Qing-Hua , Li Xiang-Yu , Zhao Ban , Nie Jing-Jing , Hu Ji-Hong , Zhang Li-Qun , Chen Zhe , Zuo Ming-Zhang , Ito Sadayoshi , Cai Jian-Ping
Published: January 2018

Nucleic acid oxidation plays an important role in the pathophysiology progress of a variety of diseases. 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2 ′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxo‐dGsn) and 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydroguanosine (8‐oxo‐Gsn), which originate from DNA and RNA oxidation, were the most widely used indicators for oxidative stress. The study investigated the relation between 8‐oxo‐dGsn, 8‐oxo‐Gsn, and CKD. 146 patients with CKD were divided into five disease stages, and their fasting blood and morning urine were collected. The levels of 8‐oxo‐dGsn and 8‐oxo‐Gsn in plasma and urine were quantified by LC‐MS/MS. The ratio of urinary 8‐oxo‐Gsn to creatinine increased from stages 1 to 4 corresponding to the increased severity of CKD, but it decreased in stage 5. And plasma 8‐oxo‐Gsn gradually increased with the decline of renal function. In particular, the increased ratio of plasma and urine 8‐oxo‐Gsn in stage 5 exceeded the concentration of creatinine. This trend was similar to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which indicates that 8‐oxo‐Gsn could be an appropriate indicator for renal function. Our finding indicates that as the disease progresses, RNA oxidation is increased. The significant increase in the ratio of plasma and urinary 8‐oxo‐Gsn is a novel evaluation index of end‐stage renal disease.
A Mathematical Pressure Transient Analysis Model for Multiple Fractured Horizontal Wells in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Zeng Yan , Wang Qing , Ning Zhengfu , Sun Hongliang
Published: January 2018

Multistage fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) have become the main technology for shale gas exploration. However, the existing models have neglected the percolation mechanism in nanopores of organic matter and failed to consider the differences among the reservoir properties in different areas. On that account, in this study, a modified apparent permeability model was proposed describing gas flow in shale gas reservoirs by integrating bulk gas flow in nanopores and gas desorption from nanopores. The apparent permeability was introduced into the macroseepage model to establish a dynamic pressure analysis model for MFHWs dual-porosity formations. The Laplace transformation and the regular perturbation method were used to obtain an analytical solution. The influences of fracture half-length, fracture permeability, Langmuir volume, matrix radius, matrix permeability, and induced fracture permeability on pressure and production were discussed. Results show that fracture half-length, fracture permeability, and induced fracture permeability exert a significant influence on production. A larger Langmuir volume results in a smaller pressure and pressure derivative. An increase in matrix permeability increases the production rate. Besides, this model fits the actual field data relatively well. It has a reliable theoretical foundation and can preferably describe the dynamic changes of pressure in the exploration process.
Comparative Study on Non‐Gaussian Characteristics of Wind Pressure for Rigid and Flexible Structures
Authors: Jiang Lei , Li Jin-hua , Li Chun-xiang
Published: January 2018

This paper summarizes a comprehensive study for non‐Gaussian properties of wind pressure. The field measurements are implemented on the structure surface of a rigid structure, while a large‐span membrane structure is selected as the flexible structure wind pressure contrast group. The non‐Gaussian characteristics of measured pressure data were analyzed and discussed through probability density distribution, characteristic statistical parameters, power spectral density function, and the correlations, respectively. In general, the non‐Gaussian characteristics of wind pressure present depending on tap location, wind direction, and structure geometry. In this study, the fluctuating wind pressures on the windward side and leeward side of the structures show obvious different degrees of non‐Gaussian properties; that is, the surface of rigid structure shows strong non‐Gaussian property in leeward, while the roof of flexible structure shows obvious non‐Gaussian property in windward. Finally, this paper utilizes the present autospectrum empirical formula to fit the wind pressure power spectrum density of the measured data and obtains the conclusion that the existing empirical formula is not ideal for fitting of the flexible structure.
T-type Ca2+ Channels: T for Targetable
Authors: Sallán Marta C. , Visa Anna , Shaikh Soni , Nàger Mireia , Herreros Judit , Cantí Carles
Published: January 2018

In the past decade, T-type Ca2+ channels (TTCC) have been unveiled as key regulators of cancer cell biology and thus have been proposed as chemotherapeutic targets. Indeed, in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that TTCC pharmacologic blockers have a negative impact on the viability of cancer cells and reduce tumor size, respectively. Consequently mibefradil, a TTCC blocker approved in 1997 as an antihypertensive agent but withdrawn in 1998 because of drug–drug interactions, was granted 10 years later the orphan drug status by the FDA to investigate its efficacy against brain, ovary, and pancreatic cancer. However, the existence of different channel isoforms with distinct physiologic roles, together with the lack of selective pharmacologic agents, has hindered a conclusive chemotherapeutic evaluation. Here, we review the available evidence on TTCC expression, value as prognostic markers, and effectiveness of their pharmacologic blockade on cancer cells in vitro and in preclinical models. We additionally summarize the status of clinical trials using mibefradil against glioblastoma multiforme. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives and the importance of further development of multidisciplinary research efforts on the consideration of TTCCs as biomarkers or targetable molecules in cancer. Cancer Res; 78(3); 603–9. ©2018 AACR.
Inhibition of FLT3 and PIM Kinases by EC-70124 Exerts Potent Activity in Preclinical Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Puente-Moncada Noelia , Costales Paula , Antolín Isaac , Núñez Luz-Elena , Oro Patricia , Hermosilla Maria Ana , Pérez-Escuredo Jhudit , Ríos-Lombardía Nicolás , Sanchez-Sanchez Ana M. , Luño Elisa , Rodríguez Carmen , Martín Vanesa , Morís Francisco
Published: January 2018

Internal tandem duplication (ITD) or tyrosine kinase domain mutations of FLT3 is the most frequent genetic alteration in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and are associated with poor disease outcome. Despite considerable efforts to develop single-target FLT3 drugs, so far, the most promising clinical response has been achieved using the multikinase inhibitor midostaurin. Here, we explore the activity of the indolocarbazole EC-70124, from the same chemical space as midostaurin, in preclinical models of AML, focusing on those bearing FLT3-ITD mutations. EC-70124 potently inhibits wild-type and mutant FLT3, and also other important kinases such as PIM kinases. EC-70124 inhibits proliferation of AML cell lines, inducing cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. EC-70124 is orally bioavailable and displays higher metabolic stability and lower human protein plasma binding compared with midostaurin. Both in vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic analyses demonstrate inhibition of FLT3-STAT5, Akt-mTOR-S6, and PIM-BAD pathways. Oral administration of EC-70124 in FLT3-ITD xenograft models demonstrates high efficacy, reaching complete tumor regression. Ex vivo, EC-70124 impaired cell viability in leukemic blasts, especially from FLT3-ITD patients. Our results demonstrate the ability of EC-70124 to reduce proliferation and induce cell death in AML cell lines, patient-derived leukemic blast and xenograft animal models, reaching best results in FLT3 mutants that carry other molecular pathways' alterations. Thus, its unique inhibition profile warrants EC-70124 as a promising agent for AML treatment based on its ability to interfere the complex oncogenic events activated in AML at several levels. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 614–24. ©2018 AACR.
Robust Antitumor Responses Result from Local Chemotherapy and CTLA-4 Blockade
Authors: Ariyan Charlotte E. , Brady Mary Sue , Siegelbaum Robert H. , Hu Jian , Bello Danielle M. , Rand Jamie , Fisher Charles , Lefkowitz Robert A. , Panageas Kathleen S. , Pulitzer Melissa , Vignali Marissa , Emerson Ryan , Tipton Christopher , Robins Harlan , Merghoub Taha , Yuan Jianda , Jungbluth Achim , Blando Jorge , Sharma Padmanee , Rudensky Alexander Y. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Allison James P.
Published: January 2018

Clinical responses to immunotherapy have been associated with augmentation of preexisting immune responses, manifested by heightened inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. However, many tumors have a noninflamed microenvironment, and response rates to immunotherapy in melanoma have been <50%. We approached this problem by utilizing immunotherapy (CTLA-4 blockade) combined with chemotherapy to induce local inflammation. In murine models of melanoma and prostate cancer, the combination of chemotherapy and CTLA-4 blockade induced a shift in the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment, with infiltrating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells increasing the CD8/Foxp3 T-cell ratio. These changes were associated with improved survival of the mice. To translate these findings into a clinical setting, 26 patients with advanced melanoma were treated locally by isolated limb infusion with the nitrogen mustard alkylating agent melphalan followed by systemic administration of CTLA-4 blocking antibody (ipilimumab) in a phase II trial. This combination of local chemotherapy with systemic checkpoint blockade inhibitor resulted in a response rate of 85% at 3 months (62% complete and 23% partial response rate) and a 58% progression-free survival at 1 year. The clinical response was associated with increased T-cell infiltration, similar to that seen in the murine models. Together, our findings suggest that local chemotherapy combined with checkpoint blockade–based immunotherapy results in a durable response to cancer therapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 189–200. ©2018 AACR.
Endoscopic Full-Thickness Resection of a Colonic Lateral Spreading Tumor
Authors: Bucalau Ana-Maria , Lemmers Arnaud , Arvanitakis Marianna , Blero Daniel , Neuhaus Horst
Published: January 2018

The Full-Thickness Resection Device (FTRD; Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany) combines endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) of gastrointestinal lesions with closure and cutting of the tissue in one integrated procedure. It provides en-bloc resection with an integral wall specimen for histopathological evaluation. This resection technique is partially filling of the gaps between the current procedures of choice in endoscopy (endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection) and surgery. We present the case of an EFTR procedure performed for a periappendicular lateral spreading tumor.
Glucocorticoids Modulate Th1 and Th2 Responses in Asthmatic Mouse Models by Inhibition of Notch1 Signaling
Authors: Hu Chengping , Li Zhifang , Feng Juntao , Tang Yongjun , Qin Ling , Hu Xinyue , Zhang Yan , He Ruoxi
Published: January 2018

Background: Notch1 has been linked to the pathogenesis of asthma due to its contribution on Th1/Th2 imbalance. γ-Secretase inhibitor (GSI) acts as an effective blocker of Notch1 signaling. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most effective anti-inflammatory drugs for asthma. The present study investigated the involvement of the Notch1 pathway in the anti-inflammatory effect of GCs and its association with Th1/Th2 balance. Methods: The asthma model was established in BALB/c mice by sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). Dexamethasone (DEX; 1 mg/kg) and/or GSI (0.03 mg/kg) was orally or intranasally administrated. Results: Compared to the OVA-sensitized mice, the administration of DEX and/or GSI significantly ameliorated the airway inflammation infiltration, goblet cell metaplasia, and airway hyper-responsiveness. The expression of IL-4 and IL-13, as well as the ratios of eosinophils and lymphocytes, were significantly decreased, whereas IFN-γ and IL-2 levels were significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after the administration of DEX and GSI. The expressions of the Notch1/NICD1 pathway were decreased after DEX and/or GSI administration in lung tissues, especially in CD4+ T cells. Also, a reduction of GATA3 and elevation of T-bet levels were correlated with the upregulation of Th1/Th2 ratios in lung tissues. Conclusions: Through the inhibition of Notch1 signaling, both GSI and GCs could regulate Th1/Th2 balance involved in allergic airway inflammation in OVA-induced asthma.
COOPERAÇÃO INTERNACIONAL E EFETIVAÇÃO DO DIREITO À SAÚDE: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DA AGENDA DO BRICS
Authors: Martini Sandra Regini , Wünsch Marina Sanches
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo pretende efetuar uma análise do potencial que a cooperação política entre Brasil, Rússia, China, Índia e África do Sul – países que compõem o Brics – tem de fomentar uma agenda pautada também na efetivação de direitos humanos. Acredita-se que a cooperação internacional seja um instrumento fraterno capaz de acelerar o processo de efetivação dos direitos humanos e que, por meio dela, seja possível não apenas buscar o desenvolvimento econômico, mas também, de fato, efetivar direitos, especialmente os direitos humanos. Nesse sentido, parte-se da ideia de que o marco da agenda de cooperação do Brics apresenta-se como uma possibilidade concreta de novas formas de cooperação internacional, pois se trata de um grupo de países distantes geograficamente, mas que visualizam na cooperação o fortalecimento das relações internacionais. Ademais, essa nova agenda de cooperação atribui um papel de destaque ao direito à saúde, representando um direito social básico para o desenvolvimento humano, que rompe fronteiras ao superar a barreira de Estados soberanos e, assim, possibilita a criação de consensos e pactos.
OPERACIONALIZAÇÃO DO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE E DE SUA ASSISTÊNCIA FARMACÊUTICA DIANTE DA JUDICIALIZAÇÃO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO JOSÉ/SC
Authors: Canut Letícia
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho baseia-se na premissa de que o Judiciário tem efetivado o direito à saúde sem observância das políticas públicas do setor e na identificação de efeitos negativos dessa judicialização sobre a operacionalização do Sistema Único de Saúde e de sua assistência farmacêutica. Assim procura verificar de que forma esses efeitos negativos da judicialização têm se manifestado nas decisões que condenam o Município de São José (SC) a fornecer medicamentos. Para enfrentar o problema apresentado, selecionaram-se as decisões prolatadas no período de 01/09/2013 a 31/08/2015 pelo Tribunal de Justiça de Santa Catarina, por meio de acórdãos e decisões monocráticas em apelações cíveis interpostas pelo Município de São José. Primeiramente, fez-se necessário explicar a relação entre o direito fundamental à saúde e a sistemática de operacionalização do Sistema Único de Saúde e de sua assistência farmacêutica, incluindo a realidade do município estudado. Na sequência, foram sistematizados os efeitos – positivos e negativos – da judicialização sobre tal operacionalização para, uma vez confirmada a premissa da não aplicação das políticas públicas do setor, verificar como os efeitos negativos sistematizados no trabalho estavam refletidos nas decisões examinadas. Ao final, foi possível identificar e apontar como tais efeitos se manifestaram nas decisões do tribunal catarinense, confirmando um cenário em que a atuação judicial colabora para a desorganização e desestruturação do sistema público de saúde brasileiro e a necessidade de que o Judiciário passe a atuar de forma a fazer com que este sistema funcione como um Sistema Único de Saúde.
Exposição ocupacional no transporte de materiais radioativos
Authors: Wagner Jairo , Faiman Carla Júlia Segre
Published: January 2018

O uso pacífico da radiação tem se expandido a partir da segunda metade do século XX, com aplicação em campos como a indústria, a agricultura, a medicina e também para geração de energia nuclear. A partir dos dados documentais e de medidas de radiação emitida por remessas de material radioativo para hospitais, e utilizando projeções estatísticas e avaliação de hipóteses, o objetivo deste estudo é inferir as taxas de exposição à radiação dos motoristas envolvidos no transporte de produtos radioativos e verificar se elas estão em conformidade com os limites determinados pelas normas brasileira e internacional vigentes. Almeja-se, assim, estimar se há riscos de que trabalhadores nesta ocupação ultrapassem o limite imposto pela Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) para o indivíduo ocupacionalmente exposto (IOE) e, consequentemente, estejam sujeitos aos riscos que a exposição indevida à radiação possa ter sobre sua saúde. Com base em nossas medidas e projeções, realizadas a partir de dados de entrega de material para hospitais na cidade de São Paulo, verificamos que é provável que motoristas que estão atualmente na atividade ultrapassem os limites de exposição mensal preconizados para a preservação de sua saúde.
Beyond Exacerbating Asymmetry and Sustaining Occupation: An Alternative Approach for United States Intervention in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Authors: Salem Walid
Published: January 2018

Third party mediation is critical in pushing forward a new peace process that is based on Israeli and Palestinian compliance in fulfilling previous agreements, including an Israeli freeze on settlements. The freeze will be part of a transformative constructionist process that will allow both sides to negotiate from a more symmetrical position. It will also create more trust among the Palestinians by communicating that Israeli intentions are not about grabbing their land while discussing peace.
Mediating among Mediators: Building a Consensus in Multilateral Interventions
Authors: Spitka Timea
Published: January 2018

The conditions under which multilateral international intervention are effective in ending a violent conflict is a critical question for scholars and practitioners. Scholarly studies have demonstrated the importance of a united intervention but have been in disagreement over the effectiveness of neutral versus partisan intervention. This article examines the conditions under which mediators construct a consensus on the type of intervention process. What are the factors that enable a consensus on a neutral versus a partisan intervention? Distinguishing between four types of international intervention processes – united-neutral, united-partisan, divided-partisan, and divided neutral and partisan intervention – this article argues that it is a united intervention, whether united partisan or united-neutral, that contributes to creating leverage on conflicting parties to end a conflict. The article examines consensus building among mediators within two divergent case studies: Northern Ireland and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Assimilating All-Sky Himawari-8 Satellite Infrared Radiances: A Case of Typhoon Soudelor (2015)
Authors: Honda Takumi , Miyoshi Takemasa , Lien Guo-Yuan , Nishizawa Seiya , Yoshida Ryuji , Adachi Sachiho A. , Terasaki Koji , Okamoto Kozo , Tomita Hirofumi , Bessho Kotaro
Published: January 2018

Japan’s new geostationary satellite Himawari-8, the first of a series of the third-generation geostationary meteorological satellites including GOES-16, has been operational since July 2015. Himawari-8 produces high-resolution observations with 16 frequency bands every 10 min for full disk, and every 2.5 min for local regions. This study aims to assimilate all-sky every-10-min infrared (IR) radiances from Himawari-8 with a regional numerical weather prediction model and to investigate its impact on real-world tropical cyclone (TC) analyses and forecasts for the first time. The results show that the assimilation of Himawari-8 IR radiances improves the analyzed TC structure in both inner-core and outer-rainband regions. The TC intensity forecasts are also improved due to Himawari-8 data because of the improved TC structure analysis.
Evaluation of Preprocedural Laboratory Parameters as Predictors of Drug-Eluting Stent Restenosis in Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Lesions
Authors: Li Chenguang , Shen Yi , Xu Rende , Dai Yuxiang , Chang Shufu , Lu Hao , Dong Zhaohui , Deng Jianxin , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo
Published: January 2018

This retrospective, single-center study assessed the prognostic value of several emerging inflammatory markers as predictors of in-stent restenosis (ISR) after drug-eluting stent implantation for coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions. Consecutive patients (n = 416) who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for documented CTO lesions and with follow-up angiography were enrolled. Preprocedural high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red cell distribution width (RDW) were analyzed. At mean follow-up of 14.4 ± 3.3 months, ISR occurred in 72 patients. Compared with the non-ISR group, preprocedural hsCRP level, PLR, NLR, and RDW were significantly higher in the ISR group. The ISR group also had significantly greater proportions of patients with diabetes and smoking history, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level and neutrophil count, longer stent length, and higher rate of severe dissection. In multivariate analysis, NLR (odds ratio [OR]: 3.110; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.102-4.063; P < .001) and PLR (OR: 1.029; 95% CI, 1.016-1.143; P < .001) were independent predictors of ISR, along with LDL-C level and stent length. In conclusion, higher preprocedural NLR and PLR levels were independent risk factors for the development of ISR in patients who underwent PCI for CTO lesions.
Indications for Surgical Repair of Type 1 Laryngeal Cleft
Authors: Berzofsky Craig E. , Lando Tali , Ettema Sandra , Nelson Jennifer , Woodson Gayle
Published: January 2018

Objectives:

Type 1 laryngeal cleft (T1LC) is a congenital deficiency in the posterior glottis, resulting in a communication between the hypopharynx and glottis. No consensus treatment paradigm exists for timing and criteria for patient selection for surgical repair. Our goal is to assess whether patient characteristics can help predict improvement after surgery.

Methods:

After Institutional Review Board exemption, a retrospective chart review was performed for patients undergoing surgery to diagnose a T1LC. Charts were examined for age, presenting symptoms, comorbidities, pre/postoperative videoflouroscopic swallow study reports, and outcomes.

Results:

Ninety-seven patients with clinical suspicion for T1LC underwent direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, and 63 (64%) were diagnosed with a T1LC. Twenty-two patients (63%) undergoing surgery achieved clinical or radiographic improvement. There was no difference in average age, aspiration, or penetration between clinical improvement and no improvement groups. Of 13 patients with comorbidities that increase their risk of aspiration, 12 were significantly improved. There were 5 complications, which were managed conservatively.

Conclusions:

Our experience supports the repair of T1LC repair at time of diagnostic laryngoscopy if satisfactory improvement is not noted with conservative treatment. This should be performed without segregation for age, comorbidities, or degree of dysphagia. Our technique is performed with minimal complications and achieves satisfactory results.
A systematic review of risk factors for methamphetamine-associated psychosis
Authors: Arunogiri Shalini , Foulds James A , McKetin Rebecca , Lubman Dan I
Published: January 2018

Objective:

Chronic methamphetamine use is commonly associated with the development of psychotic symptoms. The predictors and correlates of methamphetamine-associated psychosis are poorly understood. We sought to systematically review factors associated with psychotic symptoms in adults using illicit amphetamine or methamphetamine.

Methods:

A systematic literature search was performed on MEDLINE (OVID), PsycINFO and EMBASE databases from inception to 8 December 2016. The search strategy combined three concept areas: methamphetamine or amphetamine, psychosis and risk factors. Included studies needed to compare adults using illicit methamphetamine or amphetamine, using a validated measure of psychosis, on a range of risk factors. Of 402 identified articles, we removed 45 duplicates, 320 articles based on abstract/title and 17 ineligible full-text articles, leaving 20 included studies that were conducted in 13 populations. Two co-authors independently extracted the following data from each study: country, setting and design; participant demographic and clinical details; sample size; measure/s used and measures of association between psychosis outcomes and risk factors. Individual study quality was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and strength of evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria.

Results:

Frequency of methamphetamine use and severity of methamphetamine dependence were consistently found to be associated with psychosis, and sociodemographic factors were not. There was inconsistent evidence available for all other risk factors. Individual study quality was low–moderate for the majority of studies. Heterogeneity in study outcomes precluded quantitative synthesis of outcomes across studies.

Conclusion:

The most consistent correlates of psychotic symptoms were increased frequency of methamphetamine use and dependence on methamphetamine. The findings of this review highlight the need for targeted assessment and treatment of methamphetamine use in individuals presenting with psychosis.
Educational and Criminal Justice Outcomes 12 Years After School Suspension
Authors: Rosenbaum Janet
Published: January 2018

A third of U.S. students are suspended over a K-12 school career. Suspended youth have worse adult outcomes than nonsuspended students, but these outcomes could be due to selection bias: that is, suspended youth may have had worse outcomes even without suspension. This study compares the educational and criminal justice outcomes of 480 youth suspended for the first time with those of 1,193 matched nonsuspended youth from a nationally representative sample. Prior to suspension, the suspended and nonsuspended youth did not differ on 60 pre-suspension variables including students’ self-reported delinquency and risk behaviors, parents’ reports of socioeconomic status, and administrators’ reports of school disciplinary policies. Twelve years after suspension (ages 25-32), suspended youth were less likely than matched nonsuspended youth to have earned bachelor’s degrees or high school diplomas, and were more likely to have been arrested and on probation, suggesting that suspension rather than selection bias explains negative outcomes.
Coronary artery perforation complicating percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Mirza Aram J , Taha Abdulsalam Y , Aldoori Jaafar S , Hawas Jawad M , Hassan Kawa W
Published: January 2018

Background

Coronary artery perforation is a rare but serious complication of percutaneous coronary interventions. We aimed to evaluate the management of coronary artery perforation in Sulaimaniyah, Iraq.

Methods

A retrospective review of our medical records from 2009 to 2016 identified 24 patients (15 males, 9 females) with coronary artery perforation. Mean age was 60 ± 9.2 years (range 40–74 years). Standard diagnostic angiography or percutaneous interventions were performed. Coronary artery perforation was diagnosed by worsening of symptoms, hypotension, or angiographic evidence of type I (extraluminal crater), II (myocardial or pericardial blushing), or III (contrast streaming or cavity spilling) perforation. Stenosis was graded as >85%, 60%–85%, or < 60%. Once coronary artery perforation was diagnosed, heparin was reversed, antiplatelets were stopped, and pericardial effusions were aspirated. Type II and III coronary artery perforations were sealed using covered stents or repeated brief balloon inflations.

Results

The most frequently injured artery was the left anterior descending ( n = 14, 58.3%). Type II and III coronary artery perforations constituted the majority ( n = 18, 75%). Thirteen (54.2%) patients had severe coronary stenosis. Perforations were caused by stents ( n = 10), angioplasty wires ( n = 8), and balloons ( n = 6). Fifteen perforations were sealed with covered stents, 2 by balloon inflations, and 7 resolved spontaneously. Pericardial effusion was drained in 13 (54.2%) patients. No patient required surgery, and none died.

Conclusion

The low rate and early management of coronary artery perforations, mainly by covered stents, were the hallmarks of this study.
Assessing the acute effects of CDP-choline on sensory gating in schizophrenia: A pilot study
Authors: Aidelbaum Robert , Labelle Alain , Baddeley Ashley , Knott Verner
Published: January 2018

Deficient sensory gating (SG) in schizophrenia is associated with functional outcome and offers a therapeutic target as it is linked to the altered function/expression of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This study analyzed the effects of citicoline (CDP-choline), a supplement with α7 nAChRs agonist properties, on SG in a sample of schizophrenia (SZ) patients. Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design the dose-dependent (500 mg, 1000 mg, 2000 mg) and baseline-dependent (deficient versus normal suppressors) effects of CDP-choline on SG were examined using the P50 event-related potential (ERP) index of SG. Overall analysis failed to demonstrate treatment effects but CDP-choline improved SG (500 mg) in the deficient SZ subgroup by increasing suppression of the S2 P50 amplitude. These findings tentatively support α7 nAChR dysfunction in the expression of SG deficits and suggest further trials to assess the effects of sustained α7 nAChR activation on SG with low doses of CDP-choline.
Systemic Loss of C-terminal Src Kinase Expression Elicits Spontaneous Suppurative Inflammation in Conditional Knockout Mice
Authors: Berman-Booty Lisa D. , Eraslan Rukiye , Hanumegowda Umesh , Cantor Glenn H. , Bounous Denise I. , Janovitz Evan B. , Jones Beverly K. , Buiakova Olesia , Hayward Michael , Wee Susan
Published: January 2018

C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) is one of the critical negative regulators of the Src family of kinases. The Src family of kinases are nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that regulate inflammation, cell proliferation, motility, and adhesion. To investigate potential histologic lesions associated with systemic loss of Csk gene activity in adult mice, conditional Csk-knockout mice were examined. Cre-mediated systemic excision of Csk induced by tamoxifen treatment resulted in multiorgan inflammation. Specifically, induction of Csk gene excision with three days of tamoxifen treatment resulted in greater than 90% gene excision. Strikingly, these mice developed enteritis that ranged from minimal and suppurative to severe, fibrinonecrosuppurative and hemorrhagic. Other inflammatory lesions included suppurative pneumonia, gastritis, and myocarditis, and increased numbers of inflammatory cells within the hepatic parenchyma. When tamoxifen treatment was reduced from three days to one day in an effort to lower the level of Csk gene excision and limit lesion development, the mice developed severe suppurative to pyogranulomatous pneumonia and minimal to mild suppurative enteritis. Lesions observed secondary to Csk gene excision suggest important roles for Csk in downregulating the proinflammatory activity of the Src family of kinases and limiting neutrophil-mediated inflammation.
The Tomb-Chambers of Iurudef: Preliminary Report on the Saqqâra Excavations, 1985
Authors: Martin Geoffrey T. , Raven Maarten J. , Aston David A.
Published: January 2018

The tomb chambers of Iurudef are on two levels, both used for burials of the owner and, doubtless, members of his family. Much skeletal material was found, together with an extensive group of funerary furnishings. Associated with the New Kingdom ceramic material were two fragments of Mycenaean stirrup jars, one dated to LH IIIA, 2-B. The chambers in the upper level were, after firing, reused for multiple burials provisionally dated to the Third Intermediate Period. Evidence of some seventy-five burials, including many children, was found and a large deposit of coffins, decorated and undecorated, was recovered, as well as papyrus coffers and reed mat burials. A few of the coffins are inscribed, mostly in pseudo-hieroglyphs and only one with a personal name. Burial gifts found in the coffins included necklaces, amulets, wooden staves, and a curious wooden sceptre. Preliminary examination of the mummies and skeletal material has yielded evidence of various diseases.
The phrase šd dšr, šd m dšr in Boat-Building Scenes
Authors: Jones D.
Published: January 2018

It is suggested that the meaning of the phrase šd (m) dšr is ‘hollowing out with an adze’.
L'Administration Locale à La Lumière Du Décret Du Roi Horemheb
Authors: Allam S.
Published: January 2018

The local qnbt councils, as reorganized in the decree of Horemheb, are argued to have had administrative as well as judicial responsibilities.
The King-Title βασιλίσx∘ς in Nubia in the Fourth to Sixth Century AD
Authors: Hansen Ove
Published: January 2018

The author suggests that the king-title ‘basiliskos’ from the fourth to sixth century AD implied that the king was a pagan.
The Amarna Workmen's Village in Retrospect
Authors: Kemp Barry J.
Published: January 2018

The excavations of the Egypt Exploration Society at the Workmen's Village at el-Amarna began in 1979 and were completed in 1986. The eight seasons saw extensive investigation of the ground outside the walled village as well as limited excavation inside. A wide range of evidence has been gathered, relating to the life and economic basis of this community, with particular reference to animal-keeping. Although an annual report has made available a summary of each season's results, this article offers a general survey of the village in the light of the new work, and sets the latter within a broader framework of research on ancient Egyptian society.
Practical Religion and Piety
Authors: Baines John
Published: January 2018

Official religion is presented as centring on royal-divine relations; decorum excludes human non-funerary religious concerns. For want of evidence, pre-New Kingdom personal religion must therefore be approached through constructing hypotheses rather than accumulating evidence. A biographical model suggests that practical religionȔreligious action in an everyday contextȔmay focus on affliction, to which responses include communication with the deadȔletters to the dead among the literateȔand perhaps divination through oracles and consulting seers. These approaches may precede further, unknown actions. The use of intermediaries to deities and the deification of non-royal individuals does not certainly extend beyond the élite. PietyȔpersonal relations with deitiesȔis most clearly attested in personal names, while the élite display of personal religious involvement implies some general aspiration to divine contact. Later Egyptian society, in which practical religion and piety are more visible and integrated, had different rules of decorum and perhaps a different organization, in which values and religious action were less local in their focus.
A Seated Man Wearing a Cloak (Naples no. 237)
Authors: Lillesø E. Kerrn
Published: January 2018

Publication of Naples 237, an Eighteenth Dynasty statuette reworked in about the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, when it was inscribed for the northern Vizier Horkheb.
Chatby Reconsidered
Authors: Coulson William D. E.
Published: January 2018

This paper re-examines the evidence for the dating of the Chatby necropolis in Alexandria. The finds from the cemetery were originally dated by Breccia to the late fourth century bc, a dating which has long been maintained because of the similarity between the Chatby finds and the latest material from Olynthus. Re-examination of the evidence for Philip's 348 bc destruction of Olynthus now seems to indicate that the city was not finally abandoned until 316 bc, thus lowering the dates for the use of the necropolis. Re-examination of the hydriai and terracottas from the cemetery and comparison with the finds from Koroni further indicate that use of the cemetery extended at least until the middle of the third century bc.