bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
КЛІНІЧНЕ ВИМІРЮВАННЯ ІНДЕКСІВ ЗНОСУ ЗУБІВ. ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД.
Authors: Shcherbenko A. O.
Published: September 2017

Виснаження, ерозії і стирання проявляються у вигляді зносу зуба. Кожна класифікація відповідає різним процесам з конкретними клінічними ознаками. Класифікації, які представлені на даний час, не мають точних даних про поширеність зносу зубів, оскільки індекси не завжди вимірюють специфічну етіологію, або тому, що популяції дослідження можуть бути найрізноманітнішими за віком і характеристиками. Знос зубів (потертість, ерозії і стирання) розглядається на міжнародному рівні як зростаюча проблема. Існують як клінічні, так і наукові потреби виміряти знос зуба, і в літературі описано багато методів, які можна умовно розділити на кількісні та якісні. Проте інтерпретувати і порівнювати клінічні та епідеміологічні дослідження стає дедалі важче через відмінності в термінології і велике число індикаторів/показників, які було розроблено для діагностики, класифікації та моніторингу втрати твердих тканин зуба. Ці показники розроблено з метою виявлення підвищення точності, але ніхто не має загального визначення, що ускладнює оцінку істинного збільшення розповсюдження. У літературі визначено різні показники для використання в клінічних та лабораторних умовах  специфічних показників для стирання, зносу, ерозії зуба. Мета – аналіз спеціалізованої наукової літератури для узагальнення даних про погляди на етіологію та методи дослідження показників стертості зубів.Матеріали і методи. Вивчили та проаналізували доступну наукову літературу, присвячену особливостям етіопатогенезу, клінічного перебігу і методам дослідження показників стертості зубів.Результати. Вивчивши і проаналізувавши спеціалізовану наукову літературу, вичвили, що існує досить багато поглядів щодо етіології та методів дослідження індексів стертості зубів. Наявні як клінічні, так і наукові потреби виміряти знос зуба. Не існує ідеального індексу, який буде простим для використання і розуміння та підрахунку критеріїв.Висновки: Існує дуже багато індексів, які запропоновано і використано, з відсутністю стандартизації в термінології. На сьогодні не існує ідеального індексу, який може бути застосований при проведенні епідеміологічних досліджень, а також необхідно визнати, що немає показника, щоб задовольнити всі вимоги клінічних дослідницьких груп. Поточні діагностичні критерії різних форм зносу зубів не точні, тому є необхідність проведення подальших досліджень.
Murilo Rubião nos arredores do mito e do real maravilhoso
Authors: Gama-Khalil Marisa Martins
Published: September 2017

Murilo Rubião é o escritor que melhor representa a arte fantástica no Brasil, no século XX, com seus contos que trazem situações insólitas em meio a um cotidiano prosaico. Em seu labor estético, o escritor mineiro exercitou diversificadas formas de composição do insólito, dentre elas o trabalho com o mito e com o real maravilhoso, trabalho esse que será focalizado neste artigo por meio da análise do conto “Alfredo”.
Macropolitics of Micronesia: Toward a Critical Theory of Regional Environmental Governance
Authors: Gruby Rebecca L.
Published: September 2017

This article examines regional environmental governance (REG) through the lens of human geography theory on scale. Drawing on a case study of the Micronesia Challenge, a regional conservation commitment among five Pacific islands, I advance a critical theory of REG as a scaling process and tool of politics through which regions are (re)made and mobilized in support of diverse agendas. Results highlight understudied dimensions of REG, including: motivations for scaling environmental governance to regions; the co-production of regional and global environmental governance; the mutable expression of regionality within REG; and the ways in which REG is leveraged for resource mobilization, global visibility and influence, and conservation. The potential for REG to empower subaltern groups while advancing conservation is promising, and an important area for future research. The overall contribution of this article is a more complex, politicized understanding of REG that complicates a scholarly search for its inherent characteristics.
Leaders and Laggards: Climate Policy Ambition in Developed States
Authors: Tobin Paul
Published: September 2017

In 1992 the United Nations identified twenty-four “Annex II” states as being “developed” and holding the greatest responsibility for reducing emissions. Since then, the ambitions of these states toward mitigating climate change have varied significantly. This article is the first to employ fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze climate policy variation among the Annex II developed states. The presence of a left-wing government is shown to be sufficient for ambitious climate policy, as is having high GDP per capita in conjunction with close links to the EU and few political constraints. The analysis highlights Austria’s surprisingly unambitious climate policy, which is explained, following elite interviews, by the state’s unique social partnership governance model and unusual fuel tourism industry. Overall, fsQCA proves a useful method for examining variables in combination and for case study selection, although limited by the number of variables it can assess.
Process Tracing in the Study of Environmental Politics
Authors: Vanhala Lisa
Published: September 2017

This article surveys the use of process tracing as a method in research on global and comparative environmental politics. It reveals that scholars have been reluctant to explicitly embrace the method, even though a great deal of environmental politics research relies on process tracing and studies causal mechanisms. I argue that the growing number of critiques that the subfield is overly descriptive and insufficiently focused on explanation is one consequence of the reluctance to explicitly embrace process tracing. Drawing on recent debates on causal mechanisms within the philosophy of social science and a growing literature on how to trace processes, this article outlines best practices in the application of the method in the study of environmental politics. I consider some ways in which the use of process tracing in the study of environmental politics may be different from its use in other areas of comparative politics and international relations.
The Astrolabe Finger Ring of Bonetus de Latis: Study, Latin text, and English Translation with Commentary
Authors: Rodríguez-Arribas Josefina
Published: September 2017

The subject of this article is the treatise on the astrolabe ring (1492/1493) by Bonetus de Latis (Jacob ben Emanuel Provenzale). The treatise belongs to a four-centuries-old tradition of Jewish treatises on the astrolabe, written mainly in Hebrew and more rarely in Judaeo-Arabic, Judaeo-Spanish, Spanish, and Latin, and produced mostly in southern Europe and Turkey. Bonetus’s text is the second treatise written in Latin by a Jew, following Abraham ibn Ezra’s treatise on the planispheric astrolabe (Rouen 1154). My purpose is to compare it with other contemporary treatises on similar instruments and with a little earlier treatise on the astrolabe in Hebrew (by Eliyahu Cohen of Montalto, fifteenth century) in order to understand the contribution of this instrument and why the treatise was so highly regarded among Bonetus’s contemporaries. The instrument depicted in Bonetus’s booklet can be considered one of the last contributions of Jewish culture to the history of the astrolabe; these contributions stretch back to the first Hebrew writings on the instrument in the twelfth century. The Latin text and the English translation are included at the end of the article together with the Latin text and translation of the longest version of the introduction to the treatise. The contents of the treatises are exactly the same in all editions of Bonetus’s text, but there are two versions of the introduction and one is longer and more complete than the other. I have used both versions in my study, the one in the version printed in 1557 (shorter) and the one in the version printed in 1507 (longer).
A Monumental Astrolabe Made for Shāh Jahān and Later Reworked with Sanskrit Legends
Authors: Sarma Sreeramula Rajeswara
Published: September 2017

When the astrolabe was introduced in India around the eleventh century, it was received with great enthusiasm. While the Muslims continued the Middle Eastern tradition of the study and manufacture of the astrolabe, the Hindus and Jains, who did not read Arabic, composed manuals on the astrolabe in Sanskrit, produced astrolabes with Sanskrit inscriptions, and also occasionally added Sanskrit legends to the Arabic/Persian astrolabes. A very large astrolabe, which is thoroughly reworked in this manner with Sanskrit legends, is the subject of this paper. During the process of reworking the name of the original maker of the astrolabe, the date of its manufacture, and other such details got effaced. But on the basis of the internal evidence, it will be argued that the astrolabe was originally produced between 1648 and 1658 by Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Muḥammad of Lahore for the Mughal Emperor Shāh Jahān. The study continues with a technical description of the components of the astrolabe, in which an attempt will be made to record all the original Arabic inscriptions and the subsequent engravings in Sanskrit.
Astrolabes on Parchment: The Astrolabes Depicted in Alfonso X’s Libro del saber de astrologia and Their Relationship to Contemporary Instruments
Authors: Fernández Laura Fernández
Published: September 2017

This article analyses the relationship between text and image in one of the most important scientific manuscripts commissioned by Alfonso x the Learned, El Libro del saber de astrologia (Ms. 156 bh Complutense University, Madrid). The main topic deals with the depiction of astrolabes in the four treatises devoted to this instrument in the codex, and the connexion established between the real astrolabes, the depicted ones, and the written sources used by the Alfonsine team.
Liparis meihuashanensis, a new orchid species from Fujian, China: Evidence from morphological and molecular analyses
Authors: FAN SHI-MING , LIU JIANG-FENG , ZHAI JUN-WEN , YANG CHENG-ZI , HUANG ZE-HAO
Published: September 2017

A new orchid species, Liparis meihuashanensis, from Fujian, China is described and illustrated based on morphological and molecular analyses. Detailed morphological comparisons indicate that L. meihuashanensis is similar to L. auriculata and L. pauliana, but it can be distinguished from them by the shorter inflorescence, triangular floral bract, and a lip with a truncate-emarginate and mucronate apex and 2 small subconical calli on contracted base. Molecular analyses based on nuclear ITS and plastid matK DNA sequence data support the L. meihuashanensis as a distinct species.
Description of a new flat gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae: Afroedura) from Mount Gorongosa, Mozambique
Authors: BRANCH WILLIAM R. , GUYTON JENNIFER A. , SCHMITZ ANDREAS , BAREJ MICHAEL F. , NASKRECKI PIOTR , FAROOQ HARITH , VERBURGT LUKE , RÖDEL MARK-OLIVER
Published: September 2017

A new species of flat gecko, Afroedura gorongosa sp. nov., is described from Gorongosa National Park, Sofala Province, central Mozambique. The new species is morphologically similar to A. transvaalica and A. loveridgei, from both of which it is genetically distinct (15–17% divergence; 400 bp of 16S rRNA). Morphologically it can be distinguished from both species by having fewer midbody scale rows (97–101) and a higher number of precloacal pores in males (8–13). The type series was collected on the western flanks of Mount Gorongosa (900 and 1100 m a.s.l.) in comparatively cool and moist microclimates, where it is threatened by illegal deforestation. Additional material was collected as low as 212 m a.s.l. on an inselberg near Mount Gorongosa. The new discovery adds to the growing number of endemic montane reptiles discovered in Mozambique in recent years, and highlights the need for a national conservation assessment of the country’s herpetofauna and continued protection of the Mount Gorongosa region.
The National Health Services of Brazil and Northern Europe: Universality, Equity, and Integrality—Time Has Come for the Latter
Authors: Gurgel Garibaldi D. , de Sousa Islândia M. Carvalho , de Araujo Oliveira Sydia Rosana , de Assis da Silva Santos Francisco , Diderichsen Finn
Published: September 2017

In 1990 the national health services in the United Kingdom and Sweden started to split up in internal markets with purchasers and providers. It was also the year when Brazil started to implement a national health service (SUS) inspired by the British national health service that aimed at principles of universality, equity, and integrality. While the reform in Brazil aimed at improving equity and effectiveness, reforms in Europe aimed at improving efficiency in order to contain costs. The European reforms increased supply and utilization but never provided the large increase in efficiency that was hoped for, and inequities have increased. The health sector reform in Brazil, on the other hand, contributed to great improvements in population health but never succeeded in changing the fact that more than half of health care spending was private. Demographic and epidemiological changes, with more elderly people having chronic disorders and very unequal comorbidities, bring the issue of integrality in the forefront in all 3 countries, and neither the public purchaser provider markets nor the 2-tier system in Brazil delivers on that front. It will demand political leadership and strategic planning with population responsibility to deal with such challenges.
Transborder habitus in a within-country mobility context: A Bourdieusian analysis of mainland Chinese students in Hong Kong
Authors: Xu Cora Lingling
Published: September 2017

This article contributes to the updating of Bourdieusian sociology by proposing the notion of ‘transborder habitus’, a necessary extension of ‘habitus’ in a transborder context. ‘Transborder contexts’ refer to spaces that belong politically to the same country, share a deep level of historic cultural and/or ethnic entanglement, but can be ideologically, linguistically and socially divergent. Such transborder contexts present empirical challenges that notions such as ‘habitus’ and ‘transnational habitus’ cannot adequately address. First, the national borderline delineation presumed in ‘habitus’ and ‘transnational habitus’ can no longer account for the intricate and complex within-country border diversities. Second, although dissonances between border-crossing agents’ habitus and their original field have been sparsely noted in existing empirical work, few attempts have been made to offer theoretical accounts for habitus–field dissonances along the axes of religion, ethnicity and ideology. Drawing on in-depth interview data from an ongoing longitudinal study that explores the identity trajectories of 31 mainland Chinese students at a Hong Kong university, this article argues that ‘transborder habitus’ can effectively redress these two identified gaps and will show how it can offer a more adequate explanation in empirical contexts.
Laboratory parameters for predicting Salmonella bacteraemia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Suwarto Suhendro , Adlani Hadianti , Nainggolan Leonard , Rumende Cleopas Martin , Soebandrio Amin
Published: September 2017

Blood cultures for a definitive diagnosis of typhoid fever takes time and are not routinely available. We thus investigated laboratory parameters to predict Salmonella bacteraemia. We conducted a prospective cohort study in Jakarta, Indonesia. Patients with suspected typhoid fever admitted to hospital from October 2014 to December 2016 were included. Out of 187 individuals, 27 had Salmonella typhi and 12 had S. paratyphi in blood cultures. Absolute eosinopenia, elevated aspartate aminotransferase and elevated C-reactive protein > 40 mg/L were positive predictors.
Using Children’s Literature to Strengthen Social and Emotional Learning
Authors: Heath Melissa Allen , Smith Kathryn , Young Ellie L.
Published: September 2017

The introductory article to this special edition of School Psychology International, “Using Children’s Literature to Strengthen Social and Emotional Learning,” describes the need for a broader base of support for children’s mental health needs. Both nationally and internationally, the limited number of mental health professionals demands alternative options for the delivery of mental health services. Schools are recommended as one proposed venue for providing these services to children and youth. As such, teachers need easy-to-use basic information about mental health resources that are viable, yet rely on minimal professional support and supervision. One option is bibliotherapy, using books and stories to support social emotional needs. From the mental health perspective of both prevention and intervention, bibliotherapy is proposed not just as a professional’s therapeutic tool, but also as a layman’s resource to address students’ basic social emotional needs. We offer resources from a website that includes basic bibliotherapy lesson plans, posters, activities, and video clips—all centered on the five foundational competencies identified by the Collaborative for Academic, Social, and Emotional Learning (CASEL). This website [ http://education.byu.edu/sociallearning ] is geared to educators and mental health professionals who work with elementary school children, ages 5–11.
Measurements of renal shear wave velocities in chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Sasaki Yutaka , Hirooka Yoshiki , Kawashima Hiroki , Ishikawa Takuya , Takeshita Kyosuke , Goto Hidemi
Published: September 2017

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have advanced glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is useful to diagnose liver fibrosis. However, there are few data available regarding evaluation of kidney function on the use of SWE.

Purpose

To assess the utility of SWE by evaluating the correlation between renal function and renal elasticity using SWE.

Material and Methods

A total of 187 participants who had available serum creatinine levels and also underwent SWE of the kidney using a transabdominal ultrasonography were recruited at Nagoya University Hospital. We measured the depth of the shear wave (SW) in the right and left kidneys and calculated the measurement success rates. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) classification and shear wave value (SWV) were compared.

Results

The success rates of the right and left kidneys were 93.6% and 71.6%, respectively. Based on these results, the correlation between GFR classification and SWV were analyzed in only the right kidneys because the success rates and the number of enrolled patients were low for the left kidney. There were significant differences found between G1 and G3a, G2 and G3a, G3a and G3b, G3a and G4, and G3a and G5. SWV significantly negatively and positively correlated with the G2–G3a and G3a–G3b classifications.

Conclusion

There is no correlation between renal function and SW. However, we can diagnose the progression to the CKD stages G3a and G3b by observing the changes over time using the SWV.
Complications and Perioperative Management of Patients Undergoing Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair
Authors: Sattah Anna P. , Secrist Michael H. , Sarin Shawn
Published: September 2017

Endovascular treatments have become increasingly common for patients with a variety of thoracic aortic pathologies. Although considered less invasive than traditional open surgical approaches, they are nonetheless complex procedures. Patients undergo manipulation of an often calcified aorta near the origin of the carotid and subclavian vessels and have stents placed in a curved vessel adjacent to a perpetually beating heart. These stents can obstruct blood flow to the spinal cord, induce an inflammatory response, and in rare cases erode into the adjacent trachea or esophagus. Renal complications range from contrast-induced nephropathy to hypotension and ischemia to dissection. Emboli can lead to strokes and mesenteric ischemia. These patients have complex medical histories, and skilled perioperative management is critical to achieving the best clinical outcomes. Here, we review the medical management of the most common complications in these patients including stroke, spinal cord ischemia, renal injury, retrograde dissections, aortoesophageal and aortobronchial fistulas, postimplantation syndrome, mesenteric ischemia, and endograft failure.
Breaking up and hooking up: A young woman’s experience of “sexual empowerment”
Authors: Meenagh Joni
Published: September 2017

With the rise of neoliberalism, postfeminism and “hookup culture,” young women face both challenges and opportunities when constructing themselves as sexual subjects. This paper explores the experiences of a young woman who sought to have sex with someone new in order to move on from the breakup of a long-term relationship. This case study is part of a larger project which explored how young people (aged 18–25) negotiate their love/sex relationships within the context of new media environments. While this young woman described her experience of having sex with someone new as “empowering,” within a neoliberal, postfeminist context the concept of empowerment may not be a useful theoretical tool for understanding young women’s sexuality. Situating her story within its broader sociocultural context, this paper explores how structural factors shape this young woman’s ability to navigate normative discourses about sexual empowerment and construct herself as a sexual subject.
Does Surveillance Bias Influence the Validity of Measures of Inpatient Complications? A Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Liang , Chan Jeffrey A. , Alligood Elaine , Rosen Amy K. , Borzecki Ann M.
Published: September 2017

Surveillance bias may threaten the accuracy of inpatient complication measures. A systematic literature review was conducted to examine whether surveillance bias influences the validity of selected Patient Safety Indicator– and health care associated infection–related measures. Ten venous thromboembolism (VTE) articles were identified: 7 trauma related, 3 postoperative, and 1 central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) article. Nine VTE articles found positive associations between deep vein thrombosis imaging and VTE diagnoses. Because imaging also may be symptom driven, most studies performed additional analyses to corroborate findings. Six trauma-related and 2 postoperative VTE studies concluded that surveillance bias was present, the latter based on circumstantial evidence. The non-VTE study found a significant positive correlation between surveillance aggressiveness and intensive care unit CLABSI rates. Even considering VTE, relatively little is known about the impact of surveillance bias on inpatient complication measures. Given the implications of misclassifying hospitals on quality, this issue requires further investigation using more direct measurement methods.
Elevated DNA Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Impaired Response Defense System Inflicted in Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shahzad Sumayya , Hasan Asif , Faizy Abul Faiz , Mateen Somaiya , Fatima Naureen , Moin Shagufta
Published: September 2017

Background:

Ischemic tissue damage in myocardial infarction (MI) is allied with the exaggerated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) beyond the countering capability of chain-breaking radical scavengers, fallouts in the form of oxidatively burdened myocardial tissue.

Methods:

One hundred and twenty five patients with MI were included in the study to evaluate the dynamics of redox status of patients by monitoring the antioxidant potential, biomarkers of oxidative stress, lipid indices, RBC membrane damage when compared to healthy individuals in patients with MI congregated on the basis of Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score, risk factors, and age.

Results:

Higher levels of malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, lipid indices, ROS content, and membrane deterioration in erythrocytes were seen in patients with MI. Furthermore, reduced activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and lower concentrations of antioxidant molecules, plus reduced total antioxidant capacity, were observed in plasma of all patients with MI with respect to control. However, elevation in oxidative stress was found to be significantly marked in patients having GRACE score >100, risk factors, and MI >45 years when compared to patients with GRACE score ≤100, without risk factors, and MI ≤45 years, respectively.

Conclusion:

These findings indicate the existence of increased oxidative damage and reduced antioxidant potential in patients with MI have a potent relationship with their GRACE risk score, risk factors, and age.
Infrared thermography: a rapid and accurate technique to detect feline aortic thromboembolism
Authors: Pouzot-Nevoret Céline , Barthélemy Anthony , Goy-Thollot Isabelle , Boselli Emmanuel , Cambournac Maxime , Guillaumin Julien , Bonnet-Garin Jeanne-Marie , Allaouchiche Bernard
Published: September 2017

Objectives

The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of infrared thermography in cats with acute pelvic paralysis to differentiate feline aortic thromboembolism (FATE) from non-ischaemic conditions.

Methods

Thermographic images were prospectively obtained at admission from cats presented for acute bilateral pelvic paralysis. Based on the final diagnosis, cats were divided into a FATE and a control group (ischaemic and non-ischaemic related pelvic paralysis, respectively). The maximum (Tmax), minimum (Tmin) and average (Tav) temperatures were determined for each of the four limbs within a hand-drawn region of interest on the dorsal limb extremity. Temperature differences between the forelimb (non-affected) and hindlimb (affected) with the highest temperature (ΔT), with the lowest temperature (δT) and from the right and left side (RightΔT and LeftΔT, respectively) were calculated.

Results

The FATE and control groups included 10 and six cats, respectively. In the FATE group, right hindlimb mean Tmax (23.6°C ± 1.9), left hindlimb mean Tmax (23.6°C ± 2.2) and mean Tav (22.7°C ± 2.2) were significantly lower than in the control group (26.6°C ± 3.5 [ P = 0.042]; 26.6°C ± 2.4°C [ P = 0.024] and 25.7°C ± 2.0 [ P = 0.020], respectively). ΔT, δT, RightΔT and LeftΔT were significantly higher in the FATE group than in the control group. A cut-off value of 2.4°C for RightΔTmax and LeftΔTmax allowed discrimination between the FATE and control groups with a sensitivity of 80% and 90%, respectively, a specificity of 100% for both, a positive predictive value of 100% for both, and a negative predictive value of 75% and 86%, respectively.

Conclusions and relevance

A minimal difference of 2.4°C between ipsilateral affected and non-affected limbs has an excellent specificity and high sensitivity for FATE diagnosis. Infrared thermography seems to be a promising, useful, easy, non-invasive and rapid method for detecting aortic thromboembolism in cats, particularly in emergency situations.
Brexpiprazole in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Al Shirawi Maryam I , Edgar Nicole E , Kennedy Sidney H
Published: September 2017

Brexpiprazole, a novel atypical antipsychotic agent, has recently been approved as an adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) when monotherapy only provides a partial response. The mechanism of action is likely related to its partial agonist activity at D2 and 5-HT1A receptors, as well as potent 5-HT2A antagonist effects. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a detailed overview available evidence on its role in treating MDD, based on all clinical publications in the English language between January 1, 2014 and April 30, 2017 identified from PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ClinicalTrials.gov . Two primary pivotal trials are reviewed in detail and a further 10 supporting reviews and open-label studies are discussed. Brexpiprazole is compared with aripiprazole according to pharmacologic and clinical activities. Overall, this appears to be a useful antidepressant adjunctive therapy with a favorable side effect profile and comparable efficacy with existing agents.
Lymphatic Leak After Intestinal Transplantation
Authors: Girlanda Raffaele , Desai Chirag , Matsumoto Cal , Fishbein Thomas
Published: September 2017

The rich component of lymphatics makes the intestine prone to leaks of lymph after transplantation secondary to their transection during procurement. We describe our technique for isolation and ligation of the small lymphatics at the root of the mesentery during the procurement of the small intestine and report our experience with the management of lymphatic leaks posttransplant.
miR-124-3p attenuates MPP+-induced neuronal injury by targeting STAT3 in SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Geng Lijiao , Liu Wei , Chen Yong
Published: September 2017

Ample evidence has demonstrated the involvement of microRNAs in Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis. miR-124-3p was reported to be able to improve neural functional recovery. However, the underlying mechanism of miR-124-3p in Parkinson’s disease progression was not well established. This study was designed to investigate the role of miR-124-3p in methyl phenyl pyridinium iodide (MPP)+-induced SH-SY5Y cells, an in vitro Parkinson’s disease model. It is observed that miR-124-3p expression was decreased, and STAT3 expression was increased in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. miR-124-3p overexpression attenuated MPP+-induced neuronal injury, displayed as increased cell viability and superoxide dismutase activities, as well as reduced cell apoptosis, Caspase-3 activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, inflammatory factors TNF-α, and IL-1β levels and reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, STAT3 was confirmed to be a miR-124-3p target. Restored STAT3 expression reversed miR-124-3p-induced neuroprotective effects against MPP+-mediated neuronal injury. These data demonstrated that miR-124-3p contributed to neuroprotective effects in MPP+-induced Parkinson’s disease cell model by targeting STAT3.

Impact statement

PD affects millions of people in the world, causing uncontrolled tremors. MicroRNAs, a class of endogenous single-stranded non-coding transcript with approximately 22 nucleotides, could bind to the 3″ UTR of their targets. The functional action of miR-124-3p in PD was not fully elucidated. Our study found that ectopic expression miR-124-3p attenuated MPP+-induced injury in PD model in vitro by suppressing neurotoxicity, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, we validated that miR-124-3p could bind to STAT3 mediating the neuroprotective effect of miR-124-3p. We believe this study will be interesting for readers of this area.
Whole-Body Distribution of Leukemia and Functional Total Marrow Irradiation Based on FLT-PET and Dual-Energy CT
Authors: Magome Taiki , Froelich Jerry , Holtan Shernan G. , Takahashi Yutaka , Verneris Michael R. , Brown Keenan , Dusenbery Kathryn , Wong Jeffrey , Hui Susanta K.
Published: September 2017

This report describes a multimodal whole-body 3′-deoxy-3′[(18)F]-fluorothymidine positron emission tomography (FLT-PET) and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) method to identify leukemia distribution within the bone marrow environment (BME) and to develop disease- and/or BME-specific radiation strategies. A control participant and a newly diagnosed patient with acute myeloid leukemia prior to induction chemotherapy were scanned with FLT-PET and DECT. The red marrow (RM) and yellow marrow (YM) of the BME were segmented from DECT using a basis material decomposition method. Functional total marrow irradiation (fTMI) treatment planning simulations were performed combining FLT-PET and DECT imaging to differentially target irradiation to the leukemia niche and the rest of the skeleton. Leukemia colonized both RM and YM regions, adheres to the cortical bone in the spine, and has enhanced activity in the proximal/distal femur, suggesting a potential association of leukemia with the BME. The planning target volume was reduced significantly in fTMI compared with conventional TMI. The dose to active disease (standardized uptake value >4) was increased by 2-fold, while maintaining doses to critical organs similar to those in conventional TMI. In conclusion, a hybrid system of functional–anatomical–physiological imaging can identify the spatial distribution of leukemia and will be useful to both help understand the leukemia niche and develop targeted radiation strategies.
Baseline mutational patterns and sustained MRD negativity in patients with high-risk smoldering myeloma
Authors: Mailankody Sham , Kazandjian Dickran , Korde Neha , Roschewski Mark , Manasanch Elisabet , Bhutani Manisha , Tageja Nishant , Kwok Mary , Zhang Yong , Zingone Adriana , Lamy Laurence , Costello Rene , Morrison Candis , Hultcrantz Malin , Christofferson Austin , Washington Megan , Boateng Martin , Steinberg Seth M. , Stetler-Stevenson Maryalice , Figg William D. , Papaemmanuil Elli , Wilson Wyndham H. , Keats Jonathan J. , Landgren Ola
Published: September 2017

Key Points

Patients with high-risk smoldering myeloma treated with 3-drug combinations have deep and durable responses with 63% MRD negativity. Baseline mutations in high-risk smoldering myeloma and newly diagnosed myeloma are different, which suggests treatment-responsive biology.
Differences in Perception of Breast Cancer Among Muslim and Christian Women in Ghana
Authors: Gyedu Adam , Gaskill Cameron E. , Boakye Godfred , Abdulai Abdul Rashid , Anderson Benjamin O. , Stewart Barclay
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The burden of breast cancer continues to increase in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where women present with more advanced disease and have worse outcomes compared with women from high-income countries. In the absence of breast cancer screening in LMICs, patients must rely on self-detection for early breast cancer detection, followed by a prompt clinical diagnostic work-up. Little is known about the influence of religious beliefs on women’s perceptions and practices of breast health.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was administered to female members of Islamic and Christian organizations in Ghana. Participants were asked about their personal experience with breast concerns, knowledge of breast cancer, performance of breast self-examination, and experience with clinical breast exam.

Results

The survey was administered to 432 Muslim and 339 Christian women. Fewer Muslim women knew someone with breast cancer (31% v 66%; P < .001) or had previously identified a concerning mass in their breast (16% v 65%; P < .001). Both groups believed that new breast masses should be evaluated at clinic (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.08; 95% CI, 0.58 to 2.01), but Muslim women were less likely to know that breast cancer can be effectively treated (AOR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.50). Muslim women were less likely to have performed breast self-examination (AOR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.88) or to have undergone clinical breast exam (AOR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.84).

Conclusion

Muslim women were found to be less likely to participate in breast health activities compared with Christian women, which highlights the need to consider how religious customs within subpopulations might impact a woman’s engagement in breast health activities. As breast awareness initiatives are scaled up in Ghana and other LMICs, it is essential to consider the unique perception and participation deficits of specific groups.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Donofrio Peter D.
Published: September 2017

Purpose of Review: This article reviews the current state of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), including its clinical presentation, evaluation, pathophysiology, and treatment.

Recent Findings: GBS is an acute/subacute-onset polyradiculoneuropathy typically presenting with sensory symptoms and weakness over several days, often leading to quadriparesis. Approximately 70% of patients report a recent preceding upper or lower respiratory tract infection or gastrointestinal illness. Approximately 30% of patients require intubation and ventilation because of respiratory failure. Nerve conduction studies in the acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) form of GBS typically show evidence for a multifocal demyelinating process, including conduction block or temporal dispersion in motor nerves. Sural sparing is a common phenomenon when testing sensory nerves. CSF analysis commonly shows an elevated protein, but this elevation may not be present until the third week of the illness. Patients with AIDP are treated with best medical management and either IV immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasma exchange.

Summary: GBS is a common form of acute quadriparesis; a high level of suspicion is needed for early diagnosis. With appropriate therapy, most patients make a very good to complete recovery.
Chronic Demyelinating Polyneuropathies
Authors: Allen Jeffrey A.
Published: September 2017

Purpose of Review: This article reviews the chronic demyelinating neuropathies, with a focus on the diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated neuropathies and the features that can help differentiate immune-mediated neuropathies from other chronic demyelinating peripheral nerve conditions.

Recent Findings: Advances in clinical phenotyping and outcomes assessment have enabled neurologists to improve disease recognition, treatment, and disease monitoring. Our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of demyelinating neuropathies is evolving. Identification of new antibodies and recognition that node of Ranvier dysfunction may be an early pathogenic feature may herald further diagnostic and treatment advancements.

Summary: The chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies are heterogeneous. The clinical and diagnostic features are sometimes overlapping, and the specific disorders are variable in pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis. This heterogeneity underscores the importance of achieving diagnostic accuracy and implementing disease-specific treatment approaches.
Ultrasonography in Peripheral Nervous System Diagnosis
Authors: Walker Francis O.
Published: September 2017

Purpose of Review: High-resolution ultrasound has made it possible to view most nerves and muscles in real time and to identify pathologic change in size, echo texture, and vascularity. This article focuses on the principles underlying ultrasound imaging and the application of ultrasound imaging to clinical disorders commonly seen in an electrodiagnostic laboratory.

Recent Findings: Ultrasound is a sensitive and specific tool for evaluating myopathic and neurogenic muscle disease. It provides useful information about muscles difficult to study with other technologies, such as the tongue and diaphragm, and is also helpful in evaluating smaller muscles in the hands or feet where correlation with electrodiagnostic studies is possible. For nerves, the resolution of ultrasound is such that it can sensitively identify focal nerve enlargement, which is accurate in the diagnosis of entrapment neuropathies. Furthermore, it can recognize diffuse or multifocal nerve enlargement seen in hereditary and inflammatory neuropathies.

Summary: Neuromuscular ultrasound is an informative noninvasive tool for evaluating nerve and muscle disease. As the technology continues to advance and becomes widely available, it may become a routine part of residency training, neuromuscular research, and clinical practice.
The Costs of Sovereign Default: Evidence from Argentina
Authors: Hébert Benjamin , Schreger Jesse
Published: September 2017

We estimate the causal effect of sovereign default on the equity returns of Argentine firms. We identify this effect by exploiting changes in the probability of Argentine sovereign default induced by legal rulings in the case of NML Capital, Ltd. v. Republic of Argentina. We find that a 10 percent increase in the probability of default causes a 6 percent decline in the value of Argentine equities and a 1 percent depreciation of a measure of the exchange rate. We examine the channels through which a sovereign default may affect the economy. (JEL D22, F31, F34, G32, O14, O16, O19)
Parameters of current systems in the magnetosphere as derived from observations of cosmic rays during the June 2015 magnetic storm
Authors: Кичигин Геннадий , Kichigin Gennadiy , Кравцова Марина , Kravtsova Marina , Сдобнов Валерий , Sdobnov Valeriy
Published: September 2017

Basing on measurements of cosmic rays at the worldwide network of stations, we calculate variations in the planetary system of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity for the 2015 June moderate geomagnetic storm. Using the axisymmetric model of the limited magnetosphere taking into account magnetopause currents and the ring current, we determine the distance to the subsolar point and the ring current radius, as well as the contribution of the ring current to variations in the geomagnetic cutoff rigidity and to the Dst index.
Business Analytics for Streamlined Assort Packing and Distribution of Fashion Goods at Kolon Sport
Authors: Woong Sung Shin , Jang Young Jae , Hoon Kim Jung , Lee Juyeong
Published: September 2017

Kolon Sport (K/S), a leading outdoor fashion brand in South Korea, must deal with a large variety of items during each selling season. In doing so, the company has encountered a challenging operational problem—the assort-packing and distribution problem. The problem involves making decisions on the optimal method to use in packing a set of different items in a box and allocating the boxes to stores to meet the stores’ demands. In this paper, we introduce an analytics project initiated to improve the assort-packing and distribution process, and we describe the formulation and solution approach we developed to solve this industrial problem in a timely manner. We validated the proposed approach by computational and onsite pilot testing, which demonstrated that the decisions made using this approach are superior to those made with the manual method K/S used previously. Inventory is distributed to all stores in a more balanced way by considering the demands of the stores. K/S, which implemented the proposed approach into its internal system in July 2015, estimates that the new system improves sales by approximately eight percent.
Profit Sharing and Peer Reporting
Authors: Carpenter Jeffrey , Robbett Andrea , Akbar Prottoy A.
Published: September 2017

Despite the “1/N problem” associated with profit sharing, the empirical literature finds that sharing profits with workers has a positive impact on work team and firm performance. We examine one possible resolution to this puzzle by observing that, although the incentive to work harder under profit sharing is weak, it might be sufficient to motivate workers to report each other for shirking, especially if the workers are reciprocally minded. Our model provides the rationale for this conjecture, and we discuss the results of an experiment finding that workers who share in firm profits are more willing to provide accurate information about their peers to management and that profit sharing is most effective when peer reporting is possible.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2831 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
How is lymphofluoroscopy mapping altering lymphoedema management?
Authors: Wigg Jane , Cooper Garry
Published: September 2017

Lymphoedema management has evolved over many decades, but the core components of treatment remain largely unaltered, such as skin care, compression and self-lymphatic drainage. Near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging (NIRFLI) offers an opportunity to enhance patient outcomes by evaluating and increasing the effectiveness of these treatment options. This is relevant when we consider the impact of this chronic condition and its endemic proportions ( Mortimer, 2014 ), while Moffatt et al (2017) suggests it is one of the biggest health risks in the Western world, due to the multiple causes, such as cancer, obesity and as a complication of an ageing population. The impact of the condition can be reduced through early identification and the risk-reduction strategies that NIRFLI can offer through greater understanding of its chronicity. The use of NIRFLI has also led to the development of a new manual lymphatic drainage technique to assist in the management of lymphoedema ( Belgrado et al, 2016 ).

The aim of this article is to introduce and describe NIRFLI and its use within lymphoedema management. It will discuss use with early detection of lymphoedema and expand further, focusing on its use within the management of lymphoedema.
Case study: Obesity, genital oedema and lower limb compression bandaging
Authors: Lister Lindsey , Noble-Jones Rhian
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this article is to present an evidence-based rationale for lymphoedema compression bandaging, one aspect of treatment for a patient with complex lower limb lymphoedema. The current health care climate requires treatment decisions to be transparent, based on the best available evidence. The challenge faced by community nurses is to formulate treatment plans which incorporate patients' preferences and best use limited resources provided by clinical environments. The article appraises research in order to formulate a suitable treatment plan and provides discussion and reflection regarding the challenges faced by the nursing profession in achieving evidence-based practice. Evidence-based practice is beneficial in formulating patient-centred and cost-effective treatment plans. Developing competence is not straightforward; however, clinical guidelines can provide much needed guidance.
Impact of JOBST® Elvarex® knee and elbow functional zones on quality of life
Authors: Elwell Rebecca , Heal Dawn , Lister Lindsey
Published: September 2017

Lymphoedema results from a failure of the lymphatic system. The consequences are swelling, skin and tissue changes and predisposition to infection. Lipoedema, however, results from the predisposition of an excessive number of fat cells in the lower limbs, typically from the ankle to the waist. Management for lymphoedema consists of volume reduction, reduction in shape distortion and improvement of skin condition. Treatment consists of a two-phase approach including an intensive and maintenance phase. The maintenance stage of treatment or self-care consists of skin care, exercise and compression garments.

Case studies are presented featuring lower limb lymphoedema and upper limb lymphoedema and a patient affected by lipoedema. The case studies demonstrate how JOBST Elvarex custom-fit, flat-knit compression garments with knee and elbow functional zones enhances patient choice, garment suitability and potential for improved quality of life.