bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diverging views on the role of structured representations in linguistics and language modeling
Authors: Coopmans Cas W. , Martin Andrea E.
Published: November 2024

Recent years have seen dramatic advances in the linguistic abilities of language models, leading some authors to argue that they can be treated as models of language. Against this background, we provide a cognitive perspective on the place of language models in the science of language, with a particular focus on the role of structured representations. Evidence from linguistics, psychology and cognitive neuroscience shows that structured representations occupy a central place in the human mind. Structured representations constrain how linguistic forms map onto meanings, thereby determining the boundaries of possible human languages. In language modeling, instead, the place of structured representations is often peripheral. They are seen as optional end point of modeling, to be induced as a consequence of the objective the model tries to optimize – that is, next-word prediction. Because structured relations and representations are not necessarily useful for predicting the next word in a sequence, it is not guaranteed that the model’s internal organization will come to encode those representations. Indeed, contemporary language models struggle to use structured representations functionally to map form onto meaning, and to determine whether they should consider their input as a possible human language or not. Building on classic insights in linguistics and (computational) cognitive science, we suggest that any use of language models as models of language requires conceptualizing the role of structured representations as computational objects.
Defending or Defying Democracy? Reinvestigating the Relationship Between Conspiracy Beliefs and Support for Democratic Principles.
Authors: Bertlich Tisa , Imhoff Roland
Published: November 2024

The storm on the US Capitol on 6th of January 2021 demonstrates the conflicted relationship between conspiracy beliefs and democratic attitudes: While conspiracy believers claim to be defenders of democracy, research shows that conspiracy believers hold a plethora of potentially democracy-endangering attitudes and beliefs. Therefore, the studies at hand reinvestigate the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and their support for democratic principles. We hypothesize that the operationalization of conspiracy beliefs is important for the relationship at hand: We expect that implausible conspiracy beliefs are related to a lower support for democratic attitudes, and that this relationship exists for other implausible beliefs, too. In three cross-sectional survey studies conducted in the US and the UK, we indeed find evidence that people who endorse implausible conspiracy theories are less likely to support democratic principles. Furthermore, this relationship exists for other implausible beliefs, such as the tendency to perceive nonsense statements as profound, too. At the same time, we do not find evidence for the idea that believing in plausible conspiracy theories is related to support for democratic principles. The research at hand sheds light on the importance of the operationalization of conspiracy beliefs. Additionally, it calls researchers to demonstrate the unique contribution of conspiracy beliefs over and above overlapping or confounding variables, such shared thinking styles or political orientation. And lastly, it discussed the potential influence of careless responders in skewed variables such as conspiracy beliefs and support for democratic principles.
Identity bubbles on social media enhance the effects of intolerance of uncertainty and predict support for radical action
Authors: Plohl Nejc , Korošak Dean , Podobnik Boris
Published: November 2024

Radicalization and violent extremism endanger the security and stability of modern societies. In the present study, we aimed to improve our understanding of these phenomena by investigating the factors that determine individuals’ support for radical action, with a particular focus on the role of identity bubbles on social media. A sample of 563 Europeans filled out an online questionnaire containing demographic questions, scales related to intolerance of uncertainty and identity bubbles, and questions about their support for radical action in hypothetical scenarios. We found that men, younger individuals, those with more extreme political views, and those more prone to interacting with like minded users on social media (i.e., homophily) exhibited higher support for radical action. Moreover, social identification and information bias on social media moderated the association between intolerance of uncertainty and support for radical action, amplifying the positive association between the variables. These effects were not further moderated by partisanship.
The Behavior of Spanish Conquerors and Colonizers in America Is a Root Cause of Political Instability in Argentina
Authors: Felice Carmelo José , Ruiz Gabriel Alfredo
Published: November 2024

The political stability of Argentina is a striking phenomenon in the scientific realm. This work factually demonstrates that one of the origins of instability is the contempt of the Spanish in America for the authority of the Spanish Crown, a behavior born during the stage of conquest and colonization of America. The validation process consists of a historical analysis that is summarized in propositionally logical statements, which allow the deduction and confirmation of the initial hypothesis. For the demonstration, violations of Royal edicts are analyzed, including the prohibition of slave labor and the obligations to only buy products from Spain, to treat the indigenous people well, and to consider them free men with rights to their territories. In all cases, the violations did not have significant punishments, probably due to the practical impossibility of controlling offenders from a distance, in a historical context where efficient means of communication did not exist. This lack of punishment gave rise to a contempt for authority, a custom that was passed down from generation to generation and is currently manifested as the contempt of all citizens for laws and regulations issued by any authority. This behavior partially explains the current political instability in Argentina.
Pengaruh Latihan Variasi Ladder Drill terhadap Kelincahan pada Pemain Bulutangkis PB Putra Solo Yunior Kab. Rokan Hilir
Authors: Sindy Arfilia Deshinta  , Hirja Hidayat  , Alimandan
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh dari Latihan variasi ladder drill terhadap kelincahan pada pemain bulutangkis PB putra solo yunior Kab. Rokan Hilir. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pretest dan post test. Dimana dilakukan 2 kali tes yaitu tes awal yang dilakukan sebelum di adakan perlakuan dan tes akhir sesudah diberi perlakuan. Untuk memastikan apakah perubahan hasil pretest dan post test ini signifikan secara statistik, dilakukan uji paired sample test menggunakan SPSS. Uji ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan hasil pretest dan post test dari setiap peserta, serta untuk melihat apakah perbedaan tersebut cukup berarti secara statistik. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, nilai rata-rata selisih (mean difference) antara pretest dan post test adalah 2.102, dengan standar deviasi sebesar 0.43292. nilai t hitung yang diperoleh adalah 15.354 dengan derajat kebebasan (df) sebanyak 9. Yang paling penting, nilai signifikansi (Sig. 2-tailed) adalah 0.000, yang jauh lebih kecil dari 0.05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan antara hasil pretest dan post test sangat signifikan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa latihan variasi ladder drill memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan kelincahan pemain bulutangkis di PB Putra Solo Yunior Kabupaten Rokan Hilir
Optimizing Employee Engagement Post Mergers and Acquisitions in Nepalese Commercial Banks: A Comprehensive Examination of Key Influencing Factors
Authors: Poudel Omkar , Rijal Umesh , Acharya Pradeep
Published: November 2024

Mergers and acquisitions in Nepal's banking industry are experiencing a surge due to regulatory pressures and various other factors. However, these deals pose several challenges, including employee disengagement. Despite the upward trend in mergers and acquisitions, the researches on the factors influencing the engagement level of the employees, particularly among Nepalese commercial banks, are lacking. Nepalese commercial banks significantly neglect the level of the engagement of employees. Thus, this study delves into how various factors, such as leadership and communication styles, career development opportunities, incentives and benefits, health and safety provision impact employee engagement in the aftermath of mergers and acquisitions transactions. The study employs quantitative research design, utilizing structured questionnaires for data collection. A total of 372 responses from employees across various commercial banks, spanning different corporate hierarchies, who have remained employed in banks that underwent mergers and acquisitions since 2020, have been gathered and utilized for subsequent analysis. The study's findings shed light on different factors affecting employee engagement and the level of their impact on employee engagement during mergers and acquisitions in Nepalese commercial banks. These findings provide practical insights for management bodies, human resource professionals, and policymakers, underscoring the importance of considering these factors when planning and executing mergers and acquisitions activities.
Relocation of Greek Myth in Salvador Dali’s Painting Metamorphosis of Narcissus
Authors: Sharma Prakash , Upadhya Toya Nath
Published: November 2024

Critical observation of the surrealistic painting Metamorphosis of Narcissus (1939) by Salvador Dali unfolds his act of relocating the Greek myth of Narcissus in a unique way, which captures the multiple moments in a single painting. The painting beautifully captures Narcissus first in a crouched naked position and then in a transformed form holding an egg symbolizing the source of Narcissus' germination. At this backdrop, this research paper reveals how Dali has used the paranoiac-critical method, for which he is best known, to expose the transformative quality of Narcissus. It also reveals the multi layered structure of the painting encompassing multiple moments in a single painting by consequently setting a new trend in the history of painting. Based on the qualitative research design, this paper tries to explore the painting by using both primary and secondary data to justify the main claim. Critical ideas related to the paranoiac-critical method developed by Dali himself and ideas related to the timeless value of mythology are crucial for the analytic purpose of the painting. Indeed, the relocation of myth in the painting offers it a prime value exposing its potentiality to tell the complete mythical story in a single painting. Finally, the paper concludes that the painting is successful to relocate the Narcissus myth in it to reveal the universality of myth with its transformative quality. This research can be beneficial to those who are doing research on mythology, art and their unique potentialities.
Evaluation of Proso Millet (Panicummiliaceum L.) Germplasm for Yield and Related Traits in Godawari Municipality, Kailali, Nepal
Authors: Raut Sanjay Kumar , Sharma Rakshya , Ghimire Ritambar , Rajbanshi Devraj , Bohara Binod
Published: November 2024

Proso millet (Panicummiliaceum L.), a short-duration C4 plant, is sparsely grown in mid hills of Karnali and Far western province during summer and rainy season. This crop has hugepotential for enhancing the food security in Nepal. To explore its suitability as a catch crop after wheat harvest in Terai, a field experiment was carried out considering 6 genotypes and 2 local varieties from Bajura, at Godawari municipality-8, Kailali. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with 8 treatments and three replications. Data on plant height, panicle count/m2, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield, days to panicle emergence and maturity were analyzed and treatment means were compared at 5% level of significance. Results showed significant variation in growth, yield and yield attributes among the genotypes and varieties. Malchino exhibited smallest height, highest number of panicles/m2, smallest panicle, lightest seed, lowest grain sterility and short period to panicle emergence and maturity. Hence, Malchino yielded 3 times more grains and 2 times less straw than Dudhe chino, another popular variety from Bajura. Straw yield was significantly lower in Malchino, followed by NGRCO 7346, NGRCO7340, and Dudhe chino. NGRCO7339 produced significantly higher yield, revealing its potential to be grown as fodder crop in terai region. A significant positive association (r=0.96) between grain yield and harvest index, indicating that higher harvest index tend to produce higher yields, while an inverse correlation (r = -0.94) between grain sterility and grain yield suggested that lowering grain sterility could improve yield. The genetic analysis showed strong heritability and advancement for grain yield, highlighting its potential as a drought tolerant crop. The results also revealed that proso millet, a short cycle crop, is suitable for cultivation during the fallow period between two cropping season. The finding also suggests that further research needed to be conducted on date of planting to reduce grain sterility.
Urban Growth Prediction Using Satellite Imageries with Applications of Machine Learning Algorithm in Pokhara Metropolitan City
Authors: Sapkota Sandesh , K C Niraj , Bhurtyal Umesh
Published: November 2024

Accurate land use and land cover (LULC) classification is essential for sustainable resource management and understanding landscape changes due to climate variations. High-quality datasets and robust classification methods are necessary for effective LULC classification. This study evaluates the LULC pattern of Pokhara Metropolitan City using Landsat 5, 7, and 8 satellite imagery over 30 years (1991-2021) through supervised classification techniques, employing random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to compare their accuracy. The study further utilizes the artificial neural network (ANN) model in the MOLUSCE plugin in QGIS to predict future LULC patterns for 2031 and 2050. Results indicate a significant urbanization trend, with agricultural land decreasing from 54.74% in 1991 to 32.02% in 2021, while built-up areas and forest cover increased from 2.93% to 10.96% and from 38.87% to 53.56%, respectively. Future predictions show continued trends, with agricultural land decreasing to 26.62% and built-up areas increasing to 12.08% by 2031. The findings provide crucial spatial information for urban planners, meteorologists, and policymakers to develop local and regional strategies for sustainable development.
Pengaruh Debt To Assets Ratio dan Return On Assets Terhadap Harga Saham
Authors: Ayu Lestari Devanka Regina , Lestiningsih Amin Setio , Dewi Intan Kusuma
Published: November 2024

Pademi Covid-19 telah memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap berbagai sektor, termasuk perekonomian dan khususnya sektor transportasi dan logistik di Indonesia. Dampak ini tercermin dalam penurunan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara dan penurunan pendapatan serta laba perusahaan transportasi dan logistik pada tahun 2020. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR) dan Return On Assets (ROA) terhadap harga saham. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan menggunakan jenis data sekunder yang diperoleh dari website resmi IDX dan Britama. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, diperoleh 11 perusahaan dengan total data sebanyak 33 yang sesuai dengan kriteria. Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial DAR berpengaruh terhadap harga saham, dan ROA tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga saham. Sedangkan secara simultan DAR dan ROA terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap harga saham. Kesimpulannya bahwa secara bersama-sama (simultan) Debt to Assets Ratio (DAR) dan Return On Assets (ROA) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham pada sektor transportasi dan logistik yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2020-2022.
Predicting Admission and Future Performance of Veterinary School Applicants: Evaluation of Scores of Self-Reported Animal Experience and Rural Versus Urban Background
Authors: Fernandez Nicole J. , Read Matt R. , McCorkell Robert , Maxey Connor , Hecker Kent G.
Published: November 2024

Admission to veterinary school is generally based on academic and nonacademic measures. Descriptions of animal or veterinary experience and rural versus urban background are often sought from applicants, but little is objectively known about their impact on admission success or future performance. We evaluated scores from written descriptions from 590 veterinary school applicants for the nature and extent of self-reported animal experience. For those admitted to the program, we compared animal experience and rural versus urban background to performance in discipline-based courses, professional skills courses, clinical rotations, and the North American Veterinary Licensing Exam (NAVLE). More than 98% of applicants reported animal experience, with small animal veterinary experience most reported. There was no difference in animal experience or background between successful and unsuccessful applicants, but rural and urban applicants reported different experiences. There was a small correlation between small animal experience and performance in clinical rotations (.21), a small negative correlation between rural background and NAVLE performance (−.23), but otherwise, no significant correlations between animal experience or background and future performance. These findings suggest that scores of self-reported animal experience do not provide predictive information on applicants, or, alternatively, that the nature and extent of animal experience, the methods used to score these experiences, and/or the measures assessed during veterinary school need to be explicitly defined to ensure that we are capturing the appropriate information. More investigation into the scoring and impact of animal experience and background on applicant performance in the DVM program and success in a veterinary career is warranted.
Epistemic Emotions in Learning: Using Qualitative Inquiry to Explore Implications for Veterinary Educators in Responding to Student Emotions in Their Classrooms
Authors: Davis Rachel , Kedrowicz April , Moffett Jenny , Zaneb Hafsa , Armitage-Chan Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

Veterinary students frequently experience heightened emotions which can stimulate or compromise learning. The impact of student emotions on educators, or the ways that educators can respond to these is less well known. This has potential impacts for educators’ own emotional responses, and for educators’ effectiveness in supporting learning. To better support educators in facilitating student learning, this study sought to further understand how students’ epistemic emotions are experienced by educators. We explored the experiences of educators from three international veterinary schools, using iterative interpretive analysis of workshop discussions designed and implemented for the purpose of the study. Analysis revealed that veterinary educators experience a range of emotions in the course of teaching their students, arising from events, such as emotional topics or clinical situations; receipt of grades; and the experience of uncertainty, e.g., in teaching methods or open-ended tasks. The educators’ responses to these included feeling overwhelmed and anxious - wanting to help facilitate student learning but lacking the tools to do so. Consequently, educators felt unable to engage effectively with students, and learning was deactivated. This could occur even when students were interested and curious. Educators’ responses were particularly challenged by time and assessment pressures (needing to remain on topic and teach to learning outcomes). Strategies for responding to student emotions and to support development of educator emotional intelligence have been generated, which include a need for institutional recognition of the time resources necessary for educators to reflectively learn from complex situations experienced in their classrooms.
Las crisis en la literatura de políticas públicas
Authors: Cardozo Nelson
Published: November 2024

Este artículo es una revisión de la bibliografía sobre políticas públicas en contextos de crisis, con énfasis en las respuestas gubernamentales durante la pandemia de covid–19. Examina el concepto de crisis, la evolución hacia perspectivas de gobernanza flexible y discute las coyunturas fluidas en la formulación de políticas. Se argumenta la necesidad de sistemas de gobernanza más adaptativos para enfrentar crisis con mayor efectividad.
Периодические возмущения и малые вариации солярного климата Земли
Authors: Федоров В.М. , Залиханов А.М.
Published: November 2024

С учетом периодических возмущений орбитального движения Земли исследуется хронологическая структура ее солярного климата (теоретически рассчитанного поступления солнечной энергии на верхнюю границу атмосферы).
На основе высокоточного блока астрономических данных (эфемериды DE–406) выполнены теоретические расчеты изменения расстояний между Землей и Солнцем и, связных с этим, вариаций солнечной постоянной. Рассчитаны величины продолжитель-ности тропического года – периода обращения Земли вокруг Солнца, а так же полугодий и астрономических сезонов. На основе этих данных, рассчитаны годовые, полугодовые и сезонные значения поступающей на верхнюю границу атмосферы солнечной энергии за период с 1500 по 2200 гг. и получены энергетические характеристики солярного климата с учетом периодических возмущений орбитального движения Земли, определены тенденции и малые вариации в эволюции солярного климата Земли.
Определено, что в многолетнем ряду поступающей на верхнюю границу атмосферы солнечной энергии проявляется 19-ти летняя периодичность, связанная с периодом обращения лунной орбиты (лунных узлов) или циклом Метона, а также 2-х и 3-х летняя цикличность, связанная с резонансным возмущением орбитального движения Земли ближайшими планетами Марсом и Венерой. Эти циклы образуют серии продолжитель-ностью 8 и 11 лет, которые в сумме составляют 19-ти летний нутационный цикл и цикл Метона. В межгодовой изменчивости отчетливо выражена только 2-х и 3-х летняя периодичность. Отмеченные вариации в поступлении солнечной радиации проявляются на фоне вековых тенденций (годовых, полугодовых и сезонных) изменения солярного климата в виде их нарушений. Определяются временные интервалы устойчивости и неустойчивости в динамике солярного климата Земли.
Книга представляет интерес для специалистов – геофизиков, астрономов, биофизиков, климатологов, метеорологов, океанологов, гляциологов, криолитологов, экологов и для широкого круга читателей с естественнонаучным и техническим образованием.
The Impact of a Quality Assurance System and Leadership on the Performance of Lecturers at Banten Private Universities
Authors: Subai  , Hanafi Syadeli , Hidayat Sholeh
Published: November 2024

Public participation, research and publication, and teaching are all associated with higher educational standards. University administrators must be competent and dedicated if they want to see improved performance. This study aims to investigate how Banten Private Universities' degree programs are affected by peer pressure and the quality system. The multiple line regression approach was employed in this investigation. There were 48 dosages among the research subjects. Angles were used to gather data. The influence on lecturer performance is considerable, according to the linearity test results, which have a significance level of Sig. 0.010 <0.05. As a result, it is evident that H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected, demonstrating the strong and favorable effects of behavioral system and leadership characteristics on lecturer.
Development of Islamic Religious Education Teacher Competency and Character Through Blended Learning
Authors: Laili St Rohmatul , Supriyatno Triyo , Gafur Abd.
Published: November 2024

This article aims to determine the development of IRE (Islamic Religious Education) teacher competence and character through hybrid learning at SMP N 2 Kedungpring. The research method uses a qualitative research type with a case study approach. The results of the study stated that: (1) the development of the competence of IRE teachers at SMP N 2 Kedungpring was carried out through increasing the branding personality of each educator with the support of school programs in the form of workshops, seminars, training, mentoring, training, and others, (2) competence The teacher's pedagogy is realized by mastering the material, optimal classroom management, understanding student characteristics, selecting media, methods, and learning strategies according to student needs, while the professional competence of teachers is shown through the background of educators who have met the qualifications of national standards, are competent in the field, trustworthy in carrying out their duties, and have an average teaching experience of more than 5 years, (3) the use of the hybrid learning method is shown through teacher preparation in improving competence, hybrid learning is used as a learning tool during a pandemic, through hybrid learning teacher competence in schools increases because of the series Participate in workshop forums, seminars, education and training, and so on.
Overhuman and Hegemony in the Context of Trans-Humanism
Authors: Akpınar Mustafa Eren
Published: November 2024

In today's structure, where technological developments are making greater breakthroughs day by day, many complex concepts brought about or created by technology are exposed. In particular, it is necessary to mention many concepts that have been newly conceptualised or have been mentioned again. Among these concepts, transhumanism, theorised by Julian Huxley is of particular importance. Indeed, the fact that this concept, which focuses on the elimination of situations that may be considered unnecessary for humanity with developing technologies, becomes realistically possible creates a very valuable formation. At the same time, Friedrich Nietzsche, with his concept of the overhuman (übermensch), emphasised that the creation of a kind of overhuman could be in question by evaluating the level of humanity in general between the animal level and the transhuman level. In this case, the concepts of transhumanism and overhuman have become intertwined. Likewise, when the concept of hegemony, which is frequently encountered in the works of Antonio Gramsci, that is, the dominant class gaining power with the permission of the subjugated, is handled together with the concepts of overhuman (overman, übermensch), trans-humanism, the process of imagining the future of the social structure obtained will also show a very important development.
For this reason, within the scope of this article, which is written as a compilation study, literature review will be frequently utilised and each of the concepts mentioned in the title will be shed light on both in detail and by harmonising and associating them with each other. Thus, within the framework of the study, these concepts, which may affect each other in the future, will be handled holistically and will focus on the foundations of the future age that appears before us.
El papel del disclosure en los posts de los influencers en Instagram
Authors: Trelles Villanueva Alicia , Martín-Cárdaba Miguel Angel
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Ante el creciente auge del marketing de influencers, cada vez son más las investigaciones que están prestando atención a los diferentes aspectos éticos y comunicativos de esta nueva forma de publicidad. En concreto, muchos estudios han comenzado a examinar el impacto del disclosure en los posts esponsorizados. Así, esta investigación tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión teórica comprehensiva acerca del impacto comunicativo que el disclosure tiene sobre los receptores de estos mensajes publicitarios. Metodología: Para ello, en la presente investigación se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura publicada hasta el momento sobre el disclosure y sus efectos.  Resultados: Este concepto ayuda a proteger a la audiencia y a detectar la naturaleza comercial de estas comunicaciones pero suele tener un impacto negativo en su eficacia publicitaria. Discusión: Es necesario tener en cuenta qué otras variables influyen y moderan el impacto del disclosure en la percepción de los seguidores. Conclusiones:  El revelar la relación comercial es un recurso necesario para proteger a las audiencias ante este tipo de publicidad. Se requiere avanzar en la investigación para poder entender la manera más eficaz de realizarlo para que beneficie a consumidores, influencers y marcas.
Respeto hacia otras culturas por parte de maestros: revisión sistemática
Authors: Peña-Acuña Beatriz , Pintado Giménez María del Mar
Published: November 2024

Introducción: Es preciso abordar el respeto cultural en el aula desde el enfoque docente para garantizar la educación de calidad desde el punto de vista multicultural. Metodología: se ha abordado una revisión sistemática sobre artículos científicos relacionados con el respeto cultural en el aula y la apertura cultural. Para ello, se han consultado tres bases de datos, WOS, Scopus y ERIC, y se han seleccionado 18 fuentes bibliográficas de entre 2014 y 2024. Resultados: existe una profunda disparidad en la concepción del respeto y la apertura culturales en el aula desde el enfoque del docente, de forma que se evidencian carencias a la hora de trabajar en entornos multiculturales. Discusión: los motivos por los que existe disparidad en la atención a la multiculturalidad en la práctica docente son su formación, sus criterios personales, las motivaciones personales y la influencia del contexto. Conclusiones: es necesario trabajar sobre estrategias generales que palien los efectos negativos del rechazo a la atención y el respeto culturales desde la práctica docente.
El ejercicio periodístico en Ecuador y las normativas de comunicación
Authors: Guamán Guadalima Nelly
Published: November 2024

Introducción: El periodismo, una profesión esencial para la formación de la opinión pública y el desarrollo informativo de las sociedades, ha experimentado cambios regulatorios significativos en Ecuador que han buscado equilibrar los derechos a la comunicación y la información. Metodología: se elaboró un cuestionario de 9 preguntas (nivel de confianza 95% y error muestral ±5%) que se aplicó a 352 periodistas del país. Resultados: Los resultados de la encuesta indican que los periodistas consideran que las normativas de comunicación, los dueños de los medios y el gobierno son los principales elementos y actores que influyen en el ejercicio del periodismo. Conclusiones: En este escenario comunicacional, los diferentes actores (dueños de medios, Estado, entes gubernamentales) han jugado un papel fundamental en el desarrollo del periodismo ecuatoriano. Cabe indicar, en Ecuador la ley se ha reformado en 2019 y 2022, y se ha dado prioridad a los derechos laborales de los periodistas, ofreciendo protección frente a posibles amenazas y brindando oportunidades para la investigación y el crecimiento profesional.
Horta comunitária
Authors: Morelato Rodrigo
Published: November 2024

O artigo investiga correlações entre agricultura urbana, comunicação comunitária e desenvolvimento sustentável na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Metodologicamente, é fruto de uma pesquisa-ação participante realizada desde 2015 junto a movimentos sociais da cidade. A hipótese sustentada é de ser a agricultura urbana uma prática social embasada na comunicação comunitária, as quais são capazes de promover desenvolvimento sustentável na vida cotidiana. Para tanto, exponho a trajetória do discurso desenvolvimentista, apresento um panorama da agricultura urbana carioca, descrevo os contraditórios da territorialização da sustentabilidade nessa cidade e narro atividades desenvolvidas a nível cotidiano, através de hortas comunitárias, por moradores das favelas da Zona Norte carioca. Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento sustentável, antes de fruto da comunicação organizacional, deve ser pensado como um conjunto de mudanças sociais de nível cotidiano, as quais podem ser operadas pela comunicação comunitária.
Sustainable Mental Health Literacy among Nursing Students: A Cross-sectional Study in West Bengal, India
Authors: Chakraborty Soma Naskar , Paul Talagatoti David Ratna , Ray Aparna
Published: November 2024

Background: Mental health nursing is one of the major subjects in all types of nursing curricula. Assessment of mental health literacy of nursing students is very crucial, as they will play a key role in nursing fraternities and society as well. The present study is aimed at assessing the level of mental health literacy among nursing students at selected nursing training institutes in West Bengal, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted for the collection of data from a total of 240 female nursing students using a census or complete enumeration sampling technique from two General Nursing and Midwifery training schools and two basic bachelor nursing colleges in West Bengal. The tool consisted of six items of structured socio-demographic profile, and the “Mental Health Literacy Scale” consisted of 35 items. Results: The overall mean score of the mental health literacy of nursing students was 117.04 (SD=11.34). General Nursing and Midwifery students scored a higher mean (119.43), (SD=9.93) than Basic Bachelor Nursing students (114.84), (SD=12.12), which was statistically non-significant (Mann-Whitney U test, U=6371, p=0.128). The Chi-Square test confirmed that there was a significant association between mental health literacy and selected demographic components, ‘Whether any previous exposure to mental health awareness programme / survey’ (5.54) and ‘Whether any previous experience of observing or caring for a person with mental illness other than in the clinical area’ (4.82), of nursing students at df (1) at the 0.05 level of significance. Conclusion: The present study results reveal a comparatively lower level of “mental health literacy” among student nurses despite an effective mental health curriculum than that of the other available studies.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Nursing Errors and Prevention Strategies among Nursing Students
Authors: Hai Mai Ba , Truong Son Nguyen , Minh Khue Duong Ha , Duc Hoa Duong
Published: November 2024

Background: In healthcare, nursing errors are a serious problem that frequently arise from a lack of experience, insufficient information, or difficult clinical settings. Developing successful preventative tactics and improving patient safety require an understanding of the types and prevalence of these errors among nursing students. Objective: This study aimed to determine the incidence of nursing errors among nursing students and explore the strategies of clinical instructors in controlling nursing errors. Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory sequential design was used, with 332 students recruited from the third and fourth years of nursing school to investigate the incidence of nursing errors. Five clinical instructors who taught these students were interviewed to explore their strategies for decreasing students' nursing errors. Data were examined quantitatively using descriptive statistics and qualitatively using content analysis. Results: The most common nursing errors noted by students were not cleaning the thermometer while measuring body temperature (2.38 + 1.41) and providing care without the proper equipment (2.31 + 1.25). In contrast, the least common nursing error was giving oxygen to a patient with the incorrect equipment (1.20 + 0.61) and giving oxygen regardless of the patient's illness (1.10 + 0.43). The study demonstrated significant differences between gender, year of education, career interest, and nursing errors (p<0.05). The primary reasons for these errors were a lack of clinical skills and pharmacological knowledge. The results from qualitative analysis suggested that the clinical instructors' strategies for dealing with these errors among students can be explained from different perspectives, including theoretical, practical, and clinical teaching environments. Conclusion: According to study findings, nursing errors can be caused by various factors. During clinical courses, all students committed at least one nursing error, most of which derived from a lack of clinical skills and pharmacological knowledge. In addition, clinical instructors must change their teaching approaches and integrate nursing error information into the curriculum. Technology in education is one of the innovative approaches to minimize nursing errors.
Application of Lean Six Sigma to Improve Turnaround Time for Orthopedic Patients in Emergency Room of a Public Hospital in Southern Philippines
Authors: Mae V. Deang Gretzel , A. Bangcola Ashley
Published: November 2024

Background: The Lean Six Sigma Methodology (LSS) is acknowledged for its potential in optimising emergency room (ER) efficiency, particularly turnaround time. Objective: This study explores the impact of LSS on ER turnaround time at Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital (GTLMH) in Iligan City, Philippines, using a mixed-methods approach. The aim is to fill the research gap by empirically investigating the effects of LSS implementation on the turnaround time for orthopaedic patients in the ER. Methods: Analysing data from 50 orthopaedic patients admitted to the ER from September to November 2023, the study employed descriptive statistics, chi-square, and three-way ANOVA. Qualitative interviews with six GTLMH personnel provided nuanced insights. Results: The findings revealed a higher prevalence of trauma-related injuries among orthopaedic patients, emphasizing the need for injury prevention. A significant association between lower family income and longer turnaround times suggests socio-economic factors influence timely care. The study underscores the importance of addressing healthcare disparities and improving registration efficiency. Challenges include patients not meeting admission criteria and those with political connections bypassing ER protocols. Strict adherence to admission criteria and protocol enforcement can address these issues. Conclusion: Despite challenges, the medical staff perceives the current system as efficient, indicating efforts to provide quality care. In conclusion, LSS is highly applicable for enhancing patient outcomes in GTLMH's ER. Utilising a data-driven approach, LSS can eliminate waste, reduce variation, and optimise processes, addressing inefficiencies in registration, streamlining workflows, and improving resource allocation. It also proves instrumental in addressing root causes of staff scarcity and bed capacity issues, leading to improved patient flow and more timely, efficient care.
Investigating the Dynamics of Women's Health Information on Social Media: Nursing Perspective
Authors: Habow Hadeel Daham , Ibrahim Radhwan Hussein
Published: November 2024

Background: The digital era has revolutionised health information dissemination, with social media emerging as a pivotal resource. This study explores how female university staff in Mosul, Iraq, utilise social media for health information seeking, emphasizing their engagement patterns, preferred platforms, and perceived benefits and challenges. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 500 female University of Mosul and Nineveh University staff members. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire addressing demographic characteristics, social media usage patterns, and health information-seeking behaviours, and the study period, chosen to capture a comprehensive snapshot of social media usage, spanned from November 2 to December 10, 2023. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using SPSS software. Results: Most participants (68.0%) had been using social media for over five years, with Facebook (40.8%) and YouTube (14.4%) being the most popular platforms for health information. Most participants (93.6%) actively sought health information on social media, spending 3-6 hours daily. Video clips (47.0%) were the preferred content format. Significant sources included well-known medical professionals (31.8%) and health influencers (14.8%). Trust in the source (39.2%) was the primary factor influencing the sharing of health information. A notable 56% of participants made health-related decisions based on information obtained from social media. The benefits were perceived as good by 47.8% of participants, highlighting the positive impact of social media on health information-seeking behaviour. Conclusion: This study's findings underscore the crucial role of social media as a platform for health information among female university staff. The significant engagement and reliance on trusted sources highlight social media's potential to shape future health information dissemination strategies. However, the potential for misinformation necessitates urgent and improved digital health literacy and critical evaluation skills, a key area for future research and intervention. Recommendations: Nurses should develop tailored communication strategies that consider individual preferences and promote digital health literacy. Policymakers should establish guidelines to ensure the credibility of health information on social media. Future research should explore longitudinal impacts and intervention strategies to enhance health outcomes through social media.
Case Study on Exploration of Paediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation among Involved Team Members in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit Institute Jantung Negara, Malaysia
Authors: Hilmy Zaki Farah Syazwani , Hashim Noraini , Wai Soo Kok
Published: November 2024

Background: Paediatric in-hospital resuscitations also occur frequently and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To explore the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) CPR current practices in PICU of Institute Jantung Negara (IJN) Malaysia. Methods: The research employed a qualitative approach, utilising case study research design. The data collection process involved in-depth interviews and reviewing the Resuscitation Feedback Form. Purposive sampling was used to select two cases consisting of 14 participants. The study participants comprised a cardiologist, one anaesthetist, and twelve nurses. The data collected were transcribed and entered into NVivo software to facilitate theme development. Subsequently, thematic analysis was conducted to analyse the data. Results: The research yielded significant findings for improving practices related to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). These findings are organised into four main themes: routine procedures, resuscitation techniques, team dynamics, and individual contributions. Participants emphasised the importance of establishing a cohesive team to enhance the efficiency of resuscitation efforts. They identified challenges of lack of confidence, skills, and knowledge as significant barriers to effective CPR in the PICU. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that the participants expressed satisfaction with the current practices of PICU CPR. However, the research also highlights the need for enhancements in various areas, including routine procedures, resuscitation techniques, and team and individual factors. Furthermore, it was suggested that additional training be conducted on the resuscitation process to enhance the preparedness of the medical team.
Буковина у структурі імпорту товарів міжвоєнної Румунії
Authors: Руснак Олександр , Городинська Лілія
Published: November 2024

У міжвоєнний період зросло значення Буковини як центру імпорту товарів. Адже їхній потік через Чернівці значно збільшився після Першої світової війни. Цьому сприяли транспортна інфраструктура, вдале географічне положення, торгівельна мережа та досить розвинута банківська система.Якщо до війни імпорт обмежувався лише необхідними для жителів Буковини товарами, то потім Чернівці стали важливим центром для імпорту товарів у значну частину Румунії, постачаючи після приєднання імпортні товари у всі сусідні повіти Буковини.Імпорт стрімко зростав протягом 1920-х рр. Але «велика депресія» майже повністю загальмувала ввезення промислових товарів та предметів розкоші. Негативний вплив на основні показники імпорту мала й економічна криза кінця 1930-х рр.В першу чергу, торговці Чернівців імпортували різні машини для промисловості, зокрема обладнання для пекарень, обробки деревини та бляхи, машини для вишивки і гаптування. Імпорт машин та устаткування йшов з Чехословаччини та Польщі. З Німеччини, Чехословаччини, Австрії, Італії та Швейцарії завозили електротовари: електромотори, генератори, електроосвітлювальні прилади, фото- і радіотовари. Розвивалася торгівля автомобілями європейських та американських марок.Торговці Чернівців після Першої світової війни також успішно завозили тканини і текстильні вироби з Чехословаччини, Німеччини та Англії. Популярними були „колоніальні” товари (кава, чай, тропічні фрукти, какао, скумбрія, рис) та мінеральні води. Їх завозили з різних країн Європи і навіть з Перу, Цейлону, Колумбії, Китаю, Індії, Алжиру, Аргентини, Персії (Ірану), Бразилії та Єгипту.Також в досліджуваний період з країн Європи імпортувалися канцелярські вироби, художня й наукова література, музичні інструменти, вироби зі скла і порцеляни, різноманітні медикаменти та хімія, вугілля і кокс, сировина для виробництва мила.Особливу роль у торгівлі краю (у тому числі й імпортними товарами) відігравали ярмарки. В міжвоєнний період здебільшого в повітових містах дедалі активніше розвивалися магазини, кафе, ресторани та розважальні заклади, які були одним із основних «споживачів» продукції імпортного походження.
Ні, таки не наш, Григорій! (Частина 2)
Authors: Добржанський Олександр
Published: November 2024

Григорій Купчанко – відома постать в історії Буковини другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. Майже все своє доросле життя він прожив у Відні, але не поривав зв’язків із Буковиною, активно займався дослідженням етнографії українців краю. Воднораз він був одним з найбільш послідовних популяризаторів проросійських ідей на західноукраїнських землях, фактично одним із фундаторів радикального москвофільства. Щодо його постаті досі точаться суперечки, є різні підходи до оцінки його діяльності.Стаття присвячена аналізу життєвого шляху, наукових досліджень, пропагандистської діяльності Г. Купчанка. На основі широкої джерельної бази доводиться, що він завдав чималої шкоди формуванню національної свідомості українців краю, прагнув насаджувати російську ідентичність, популяризував імперію Романових як ледве не взірцеву державу. Тому спроби виправдати Г. Купчанка, представити його лише як науковця, не витримують критики. Аналіз його діяльності актуалізує потребу переосмислення місця радикальних москвофілів у суспільнополітичному житті українців західноукраїнських земель другої половини ХІХ – початку ХХ ст.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МОДЕЛЕЙ ВИЯВЛЕННЯ АТАК НА РОЗПОДІЛЕНІ СИСТЕМИ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ ЗГОРТКОВИХ НЕЙРОННИХ МЕРЕЖ
Authors: ВОЛОКИТА Артем , МЕЛЕНЧУКОВ Микита
Published: November 2024

Актуальною є задача захисту розподілених систем обробки даних, які є вразливими до кібератак, за допомогою спеціалізованих систем виявлення атак (СВА). У цій роботі досліджено застосування нейронних мереж для виявлення атак на мережі із розподіленою архітектурою. Проведено аналіз та попередню обробку даних для машинного навчання. Розроблено групу моделей виявлення атак на розподілені системи. Виконано експериментальні дослідження для знаходження оптимального рішення з найвищою точністю визначення атак на такі системи.