bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Listeria monocytogenes infection differentially affects expression of ligands for NK cells and NK cell responses, depending on the cell type infected
Authors: Shegarfi Hamid , Rolstad Bent , Kane Kevin P , Nestvold Janne
Published: April 2016

The pivotal role of NK cells in viral infection is extensively studied, whereas the role of NK cells in bacterial infection has been poorly investigated. Here, we have examined how Listeria monocytogenes (LM) affects expression of ligands for NK cell receptors and subsequent NK cell responses, depending on the type of cell infected. LM infected rat cell lines derived from different tissues were coincubated with splenic NK cells, and NK cell proliferation and IFN-γ production were measured. In addition, expression of ligands for the NK cell receptors Ly49 and NK cell receptor protein 1 (NKR-P1), MHC class I and C-type lectin-related molecules, respectively, was assessed. Infected pleural R2 cells, but not epithelium-derived colon carcinoma cell line CC531 cells, induced proliferation of NK cells. Reporter cells expressing the inhibitory NKR-P1G receptor or the activating NKR-P1F receptor were less stimulated under incubation with infected CC531 cells versus uninfected CC531 controls, suggesting that the ligand(s) in question were down-regulated by infection. Conversely, LM infection of R2 cells did not affect reporter cell stimulation compared with uninfected R2 controls. We characterized a rat monocyte cell line, termed RmW cells. In contrast to LM infected R2 cells that up-regulate MHC class I molecules, RmW cells displayed unchanged MHC class I expression following infection. In line with MHC class I expression, more NK cells produced a higher amount of IFN-γ against infected R2 cells compared with RmW cells. Together, L. monocytogenes infection may variously regulate cellular ligands for NK cells, depending on the cell type infected, affecting the outcome of NK cell responses.
SOCS3 is a modulator of human macrophage phagocytosis
Authors: Gordon Peter , Okai Blessing , Hoare Joseph I , Erwig Lars P , Wilson Heather M
Published: April 2016

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are recognized as key feedback inhibitors modulating the inflammatory activities of macrophages, but comparatively little is known about whether and how they affect phagocytosis. Here, we evaluated the role of SOCS3 in driving the inflammatory phenotype and phagocytic uptake of apoptotic cells by human macrophages and the signaling pathways that are necessary for efficient phagocytosis. In M1-activated human monocyte-derived macrophages, SOCS3 silencing, using short interfering RNA technology, resulted in a decreased expression of proinflammatory markers and an increased expression of M2 macrophage markers. Strikingly, we demonstrated for the first time that SOCS3 knockdown significantly enhances the phagocytic capacity of M1 macrophages for carboxylate-modified beads and apoptotic neutrophils. With the use of live-cell video microscopy, we showed that SOCS3 knockdown radically affects the temporal dynamics of particle engulfment, enabling more rapid uptake of a second target and delaying postengulfment processing, as evidenced by deferred acquisition of phagosome maturation markers. SOCS3 knockdown impacts on phagocytosis through increased PI3K and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) activity, pathways essential for engulfment and clearance of apoptotic cells. Enhanced phagocytosis in SOCS3-silenced cells was reversed by pharmacological PI3K inhibition. Furthermore, we revealed that actin polymerization, downstream of PI3K/Rac1 activation, was significantly altered in SOCS3-silenced cells, providing a mechanism for their greater phagocytic activity. The findings support a new model, whereby SOCS3 not only plays an important role in driving macrophage inflammatory responses but modulates key signaling pathways organizing the actin cytoskeleton to regulate the efficiency of phagocytic processes.
The Accuracy of Pulse Spectroscopy for Detecting Hypoxemia and Coexisting Methemoglobin or Carboxyhemoglobin
Authors: Kulcke Axel , Feiner John , Menn Ingolf , Holmer Amadeus , Hayoz Josef , Bickler Philip
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

Pulse spectroscopy is a new noninvasive technology involving hundreds of wavelengths of visible and infrared light, enabling the simultaneous quantitation of multiple types of normal and dysfunctional hemoglobin. We evaluated the accuracy of a first-generation pulse spectroscopy system (V-Spec™ Monitoring System, Senspec, Germany) in measuring oxygen saturation (Spo
2) and detecting carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) or methemoglobin (MetHb), alone or simultaneously, with hypoxemia.

METHODS:

Nineteen volunteers were fitted with V-Spec probes on the forehead and fingers. A radial arterial catheter was placed for blood sampling during (1) hypoxemia with arterial oxygen saturations (Sao
2) of 100% to 58.5%; (2) normoxia with MetHb and COHb increased to approximately 10%; (3) 10% COHb or MetHb combined with hypoxemia with Sao
2 of 100% to 80%. Standard measures of pulse-oximetry performance were calculated: bias (pulse spectroscopy measured value − arterial measured value) mean ± SD and root-mean-square error (Arms).

RESULTS:

The Spo
2 bias for Sao
2 approximately 60% to 100% was 0.06% ± 1.30% and Arms of 1.30%. COHb bias was 0.45 ± 1.63, with an Arms of 1.69% overall, and did not degrade substantially during moderate hypoxemia. MetHb bias was 0.36 ± 0.80 overall and stayed small with hypoxemia. Arms was 0.88 and was <3% at all levels of Sao
2 and MetHb. Hypoxemia was also accurately detected by pulse spectroscopy at elevated levels of COHb. At elevated MetHb levels, a substantial negative bias developed, −10.3 at MetHb >10%.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pulse spectroscopy accurately detects hypoxemia, MetHb, and COHb. The technology also accurately detects these dysfunctional hemoglobins during hypoxemia. Future releases of this device may have an improved Spo
2 algorithm that is more robust with methemoglobinemia.
Costs Associated with Anesthesia-Related Adverse Events During Labor and Delivery in New York State, 2010
Authors: Hunt Tristan D. , Guglielminotti Jean , Li Guohua
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

The safety of anesthetic care provided during childbirth has improved during the past 2 decades in the United States, with a marked decrease in the rate of anesthesia-related adverse events (ARAEs). To date, there is little research on the costs of ARAEs in obstetrics. This study aims to assess the excess cost and cost per admission associated with ARAEs during labor and delivery.

METHODS:

Data came from the New York State Inpatient Database 2010. Discharge records indicating labor and delivery and ARAEs were identified with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. ARAEs were defined as minor if not associated with maternal death, cardiac arrest, or severe morbidity. Costs were calculated as the product of hospital charges and the group average all-payer inpatient charge-to-cost conversion ratio. Excess cost was calculated as the difference between the mean cost of discharges with and without ARAEs. The cost per admission was calculated as the product of the excess cost and ARAE incidence. Excess costs and cost per admission were also calculated for 2 pregnancy-related complications: postpartum hemorrhage and preeclampsia/eclampsia.

RESULTS:

There were 228,104 delivery-related discharges in the study; of these, 1053 recorded at least 1 ARAE (4.6 per 1000), with 1034 (98.2%) of the ARAEs being minor. The adjusted excess cost associated with ARAEs was $1189 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1033–1350) and the cost per admission $5.49 (95% CI, 4.77–6.23). The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage and preeclamspia/eclampsia was 25.1 and 43.8 per 1000, respectively. The adjusted excess cost was $679 (95% CI, 608–748) and $1328 (95% CI, 1272–1378), respectively; the cost per admission was $17.07 (95% CI, 15.27–18.81) and $58.16 (95% CI, 55.72–60.34), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

ARAEs during labor and delivery are associated with significant excess cost. However, the excess cost per admission for ARAEs is significantly less compared with the excess cost per admission for preeclampsia/eclampsia and postpartum hemorrhage.
Comparison of Changes in Tensile Strength in Three Different Flexible Epidural Catheters Under Various Conditions
Authors: Gonzalez Fiol Antonio , Horvath Robert , Schoenberg Catherine , Ahmed Nubyra , Dhar Sunil Kumar , Le Vanny
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

Rarely, epidural catheters may fracture upon removal or insertion. Understanding some of the mechanical properties of epidural catheters, such as their tensile strength and how external factors (including temperature) can influence their strength, will aid physicians in making decisions if faced with an entrapped catheter. In the present study, we evaluated the impact in tensile strength when catheters are exposed to 37 ± 1°C, after the removal of the inner metal coil and after the injection of sterile saline through the catheter.

METHODS:

We analyzed the tensile strength of a total of 120 catheters (19-gauge) from 3 different brands and materials. The reinforced epidural catheters were affixed to opposing, specially designed tensile test fixtures and then installed in an Applied Test System tensile test apparatus. We evaluated the strength of 10 catheters from different brands and materials for each of the following variables: at room temperature (control group), after the removal of the inner wire present in all the flexible catheters tested, injection of normal saline, and at 37 ± 1°C.

RESULTS:

When compared with their control groups, the Arrow catheter (2.85 kg) was shown to be superior to B-Braun (2.17 kg; P < 0.0001) and Smith catheters (2.33 kg; P < 0.0005). No statistical difference was noted between the Smith and B-Braun catheters (P = 0.39). When comparing catheters after wire removal against their respective control group, no statistical difference was noted. A decrease in tensile strength was noted in the B-Braun catheters (1.53 kg) when tested at 37°C (P ≤ 0.0001). In contrast, the Smith and the Arrow catheters did not show a statistically significant change when tested at 37°C (P = 1.0 and P = 0.063, respectively). After the injection of normal saline, the Arrow (2.33 kg) and the B-Braun (1.58 kg) catheters showed a decrease in tensile strength (P = 0.0010 and P = 0.0001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:

The current recommendation of injecting saline through an entrapped catheter resulted in a decrease in tensile strength of the Arrow and B-Braun catheters. A decrease in tensile strength also was noted in the B-Braun catheters when tested at 37°C. There is no benefit, at least in terms of tensile strength, in removing the wire or inner coil from any of the tested brands. The Smith catheter was the most resilient, showing no decrease in tensile strength at 37°C and after the injection of normal saline when compared with control.
One-Year Mortality, Causes of Death, and Cardiac Interventions in Patients with Postoperative Myocardial Injury
Authors: van Waes Judith A. R. , Grobben Remco B. , Nathoe Hendrik M. , Kemperman Hans , de Borst Gert Jan , Peelen Linda M. , van Klei Wilton A. ,   the Cardiac Health After Surgery (CHASE) Investigators
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

To evaluate the role of routine troponin surveillance in patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery, unblinded screening with cardiac consultation per protocol was implemented at a tertiary care center. In this study, we evaluated 1-year mortality, causes of death, and consequences of cardiac consultation of this protocol.

METHODS:

This observational cohort included 3224 patients ≥60 years old undergoing major noncardiac surgery. Troponin I was measured routinely on the first 3 postoperative days. Myocardial injury was defined as troponin I >0.06 μg/L. Regression analysis was used to determine the association between myocardial injury and 1-year mortality. The causes of death, the diagnoses of the cardiologists, and interventions were determined for different levels of troponin elevation.

RESULTS:

Postoperative myocardial injury was detected in 715 patients (22%) and was associated with 1-year all-cause mortality (relative risk [RR] 1.4,P= 0.004; RR 1.6,P< 0.001; and RR 2.2,P< 0.001 for minor, moderate, and major troponin elevation, respectively). Cardiac death within 1 year occurred in 3%, 5%, and 11% of patients, respectively, in comparison with 3% of the patients without myocardial injury (P= 0.059). A cardiac consultation was obtained in 290 of the 715 patients (41%). In 119 (41%) of these patients, the myocardial injury was considered to be attributable to a predisposing cardiac condition, and in 111 patients (38%), an intervention was initiated.

CONCLUSIONS:

Postoperative myocardial injury was associated with an increased risk of 1-year all-cause but not cardiac mortality. A cardiac consultation with intervention was performed in less than half of these patients. The small number of interventions may be explained by a low suspicion of a cardiac etiology in most patients and lack of consensus for standardized treatment in these patients.
Time-resolved functional analysis of acute impairment of frataxin expression in an inducible cell model of Friedreich ataxia
Authors: Poburski Dörte , Boerner Josefine Barbara , Koenig Michel , Ristow Michael , Thierbach René
Published: April 2016

Friedreich ataxia is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a GAA triplet repeat expansion in the first intron of the frataxin gene, which results in reduced expression levels of the corresponding protein. Despite numerous animal and cellular models, therapeutic options that mechanistically address impaired frataxin expression are lacking. Here, we have developed a new mammalian cell model employing the Cre/loxP recombination system to induce a homozygous or heterozygous frataxin knockout in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Induction of Cre-mediated disruption by tamoxifen was successfully tested on RNA and protein levels. After loss of frataxin protein, cell division, aconitase activity and oxygen consumption rates were found to be decreased, while ROS production was increased in the homozygous state. By contrast, in the heterozygous state no such changes were observed. A time-resolved analysis revealed the loss of aconitase activity as an initial event after induction of complete frataxin deficiency, followed by secondarily elevated ROS production and a late increase in iron content. Initial impairments of oxygen consumption and ATP production were found to be compensated in the late state and seemed to play a minor role in Friedreich ataxia pathophysiology. In conclusion and as predicted from its proposed role in iron sulfur cluster (ISC) biosynthesis, disruption of frataxin primarily causes impaired function of ISC-containing enzymes, whereas other consequences, including elevated ROS production and iron accumulation, appear secondary. These parameters and the robustness of the newly established system may additionally be used for a time-resolved study of pharmacological candidates in a HTS manner.
PRDM14 promotes RAG-dependent Notch1 driver mutations in mouse T-ALL
Authors: Carofino Brandi L. , Ayanga Bernard , Tracey Lauren J. , Brooke-Bisschop Travis , Justice Monica J.
Published: April 2016

PRDM14 is an epigenetic regulator known for maintaining embryonic stem cell identity and resetting potency in primordial germ cells. However, hematopoietic expression of Prdm14 at supraphysiological levels results in fully penetrant and rapid-onset T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in the mouse. Here, we show that PRDM14-induced T-ALLs are driven by NOTCH1, a frequently mutated driver of human T-ALL. Notch1 is activated in this murine model via RAG-dependent promoter deletions and subsequent production of truncated, ligand-independent protein from downstream regions of the Notch1 locus. These T-ALLs also have focal changes in H3K4me3 deposition at the Notch1 locus and global increases in both H3K4me1 and H3K4me3. Using a PRDM14-FLAG mouse model, we show that PRDM14 binds within an intron of Notch1 prior to leukemia development. Our data support the idea that PRDM14 binding promotes a chromatin state that allows access of the RAG recombinase complex to cryptic RAG signal sequences embedded at the Notch1 locus. Indeed, breeding into a RAG recombination-deficient background abrogates T-ALL development and prevents Notch1 deletions, while allowing for transient hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-like pre-leukemia cell expansion. Together, our data suggest that PRDM14 expands a progenitor cell population while promoting a permissive epigenetic state for the creation of driver mutations (here, in Notch1), enabling cancer development through the misappropriation of endogenous cellular DNA recombination machinery.
Posttranslational Arginylation Regulates Striated Muscle Function
Authors: Leite Felipe de Souza , Kashina Anna , Rassier Dilson E.
Published: April 2016

In this article, we propose the hypothesis that the posttranslational arginylation of proteins, a process catalyzed by the enzyme arginyl-tRNA-transferase, regulates active and passive force generation in striated muscles. Specifically, we propose that proteins essential for muscle contraction and force production are regulated by arginylation, including myosin heavy chain, troponin, actin, and titin filaments.
Ευαγγέλου Σδράκα, Ο Μέγας Αλέξανδρος ως υιός του Θεού Άμμωνος-Διός
Authors: Κανατσούλης Δ.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Μόρουνατς, το δήθεν σλαβικόν όνομα της Καβάλας
Authors: Θεοχαρίδης Γ. Ι.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Περιγραφή της Θεσσαλονίκης από τον περιηγητή De la Croix στα 1679
Authors: Βακαλόπουλος Κωνσταντίνος Α.
Published: April 2016

No abstract
Istorija na Makedonskiot Narod («Ιστορία του Μακεδονικού Έθνους») τόμ. β', γ'
Authors: Αγγελόπουλος Αθανάσιος
Published: April 2016

No abstract
An international survey to identify the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of research studies most likely to change orthopaedic practice
Authors: Thornley P. , de SA D. , Evaniew N. , Farrokhyar F. , Bhandari M. , Ghert M.
Published: April 2016

Objectives

Evidence -based medicine (EBM) is designed to inform clinical decision-making within all medical specialties, including orthopaedic surgery. We recently published a pilot survey of the Canadian Orthopaedic Association (COA) membership and demonstrated that the adoption of EBM principles is variable among Canadian orthopaedic surgeons. The objective of this study was to conduct a broader international survey of orthopaedic surgeons to identify characteristics of research studies perceived as being most influential in informing clinical decision-making.

Materials and Methods

A 29-question electronic survey was distributed to the readership of an established orthopaedic journal with international readership. The survey aimed to analyse the influence of both extrinsic (journal quality, investigator profiles, etc.) and intrinsic characteristics (study design, sample size, etc.) of research studies in relation to their influence on practice patterns.

Results

A total of 353 surgeons completed the survey. Surgeons achieved consensus on the ‘importance’ of three key designs on their practices: randomised controlled trials (94%), meta-analyses (75%) and systematic reviews (66%). The vast majority of respondents support the use of current evidence over historical clinical training; however subjective factors such as journal reputation (72%) and investigator profile (68%) continue to influence clinical decision-making strongly.

Conclusion

Although intrinsic factors such as study design and sample size have some influence on clinical decision-making, surgeon respondents are equally influenced by extrinsic factors such as investigator reputation and perceived journal quality. Cite this article: Dr M. Ghert. An international survey to identify the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of research studies most likely to change orthopaedic practice. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:130–136. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.54.2000578.
Plants diversity of the deforested peat-swamp forest of Tripa, Indonesia
Authors: DJUFRI DJUFRI , WARDIAH WARDIAH
Published: April 2016

Djufri, Wardiah, Muchlisin ZA. 2016. Plants diversity of the deforested peat-swamp forest of Tripa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 372-376. Tripa peat swamp forest has been degraded due to human perturbation and resulted in decreasing the plant diversity.Currently, no report on plant diversity from this region in another hand the degradation is occurring continuously. Hence, the purpose ofthe present study was to evaluate the plants diversity of the Tripa peat swamp forest in Aceh Barat District, Indonesia. A quadraticmethod was employed in this study. Determination of the square area was carried out based on the curve of minimum area. The resultshowed that there were 41 species of herbs with diversity index ranging from 1.8785 to 2.4180 classified as low to moderate categories.A total of seven species of shrubs and 24 species of trees were found at the locations with diversity index (H') ranging from 1.5186 to 1.7496 and 2.1713 to 2.9133 respectively, indicating the diversity of shrubs was in a low category, while the diversity of tress was in the moderate level. It is concluded that the diversity index of herbs and shrubs were in a low category while the tree groups were in the medium category. According to the diversity index and direct observation of the Tripa peat swamp forest, this area had been degraded due to land conversion.
Conceptualising the active welfare subject: welfare reform in discourse, policy and lived experience
Authors: Wright Sharo
Published: April 2016

The idea of the active welfare subject has become irresistible to both policy makers and academics and has taken a lead role in the transformation of twenty-first century social security systems. Two distinguishable approaches have emerged – the dominant model and a counter model. The dominant model emphasises moralised individual responsibility for ‘wrong choices’ and mandates behavioural change to become active. The counter model situates benefit recipients in the present as disempowered creative, reflexive and resourceful beings. This article develops conceptualisations by comparing benefit recipients’ accounts (from an exploratory qualitative study) of lived experience with both models.
UK employment services: understanding provider strategies in a dynamic strategic action field
Authors: Taylor Rebecca , Rees James , Damm Christopher
Published: April 2016

UK employment services are increasingly delivered by public, private and third sector organisations in quasi-markets that can be viewed as fields with actors (providers) competing for resources and position. The commissioning of the Work Programme produced an ‘episode of contention’ as fewer resources, shifting policy priorities and new contractual arrangements restructured relationships within the field. Drawing on empirical research the paper demonstrates how providers with different resources have navigated this period, employing strategies to manage challenger and incumbent roles and maintain their position in the field. The findings contribute to both field theory and our theoretical understanding of employment services.
How much change? Pierson and the welfare state revisited
Authors: McCashin Anthony
Published: April 2016

This article reconsiders Paul Pierson’s influential ideas about the welfare state. It suggests that his downplaying of globalisation is supported by the evidence, but that his assertion of new politics requires qualification in the light of evidence about the role of Left–Right politics. Social security has changed, albeit in ways not easily captured by temporal comparisons of benefit levels and the like. The paper concludes with a plea for researchers to focus on the direction of change, rather than quantifying change, and to integrate time into welfare state analyses.
Evidence translation: an exploration of policy makers’ use of evidence
Authors: Ingold Jo , Monaghan Mark
Published: April 2016

This paper combines the evidence-based policy making and ‘policy as translation’ literatures to illuminate the process by which evidence from home or overseas contexts is incorporated into policy. Drawing upon focus groups with Department for Work and Pensions officials, a conceptual model of ‘evidence translation’ is introduced, comprising five key dimensions which influence how evidence is used in policy: the perceived policy problem, agenda-setting, filtration processes, the policy apparatus and the role of translators. The paper suggests the critical role of ‘evidence translators’ throughout the process and highlights the perceived importance of methodology as an evidence selection mechanism.
Impact of gold prices on stock exchange market: a case of Karachi stock exchange market of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shaique , Aziz Abdul , Herani Gobind M.
Published: April 2016

The objective of the study is to examine the long-term relationship between gold prices and KSE-100 index of the Karachi stock market Pakistan. For the foreign and domestic capital investors, it is assumed that the gold is the safest heaven for making investment. On the other handstock markets are considered highly volatile. This study uses monthly data of two hundred forty eight months from October 1993 to May 2014. Time-series data of both variables Karachi Stock Exchange 100 index (KSE-100) and gold prices have been collected from the official website of Karachi stock market and Forex.com. To achieve the aims of the study, several econometric tests have been applied such as unit root test by using Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Johnson Co-integration test and Vector Auto-regressive Model (VAR). This study finds that there is no long-run relationship between KSE 100 index and gold prices. It is concluded investors should not consider KSE 100 index and gold prices as close alternatives rather they should make their decisions on subjective knowledge by aligning them with empirical evidence. While making decisions about gold prices last monthâ€™s price must be taken into consideration because current gold price is significantly influenced by last monthâ€™s gold price. Whilst making decision regarding KSE 100 index last two monthsâ€™ fluctuations taken into consideration.
The effects of perceptions about Turkish baths on future intentions in context of thermal tourism
Termal turizm kapsamında hamamlarla ilgili algıların gelecek niyeti üzerine etkileri
Authors: Temizkan Saadet Pınar , Ekici Aykut , Demirci Barış
Published: April 2016

This study aims to explore the service quality perceptions of visitors who experience the Turkish baths in Eskisehir and determine the effects of these perceptions’ on future intentions. The future intention includes behaviors that formed within customers' experience after the acquired service. Within this context, the future intention topics discussed in the study were revisit intention and recommendation factor. Research population constituted visitors benefiting from Turkish baths in Eskisehir Center hot water region. There are 14 baths businesses located in the area. Data is gathered through survey method. The survey consisted two parts. In the first part, there were six expressions to determine the demographic characteristics of participants. The second part consisted 16 expressions to determine the perception and future intentions of the participants regarding Turkish baths. 369 surveys which are collected by convenience sampling method are analyzed with a statistic software and interpreted in accordance with the aims of study. Results indicate that service quality perceptions about Turkish baths have influence on future intentions (r=,458) and 20,9% of future intentions could be explained with perceptions about Turkish baths. ÖzetBu araştırma Eskişehir’de termal hamam deneyimlerinde bulunan ziyaretçilerin hamamlardaki hizmet kalitesi algılarına ilişkin değerlendirmelerini ortaya koymak ve bu algıların gelecek niyeti üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek maksadıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada gelecek niyeti kapsamında ele alınan konu; hamamlardan yararlanan müşterilerinin aldıkları hizmet sonrası sahip olduğu düşüncelerdir. Bu çerçevede tekrar ziyaret niyeti ve tavsiye faktörü gelecek niyeti olarak adlandırılmıştır. Araştırma evrenini Eskişehir Merkez Sıcak Sular bölgesinde yer alan hamamlardan yararlanan ziyaretçiler oluşturmaktadır. Söz konusu bölgede 14 hamam işletmesi yer almaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Anket iki bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde katılımcıların demografik özelliklerini belirlemeye yönelik 6 ifade bulunmaktadır. İkinci bölümde ise katılımcıların hamamlarla ilgili algılarını ve gelecek niyetlerini belirlemeye yönelik 16 ifade yer almaktadır. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemine göre 396 kişiden elde edilen veriler, güncel istatistik programında analiz edilerek, araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda yorumlanmıştır. Araştırmada hamamlar ile ilgili hizmet kalitesi algılarının gelecek niyeti üzerinde etkisi olduğu (r=,458); gelecek niyetinin % 20,9’unun hamamlar ile ilgili algılarla açıklanabileceği tespit edilmiştir.
Microscopy Techniques for Viewing the Inner Structure of Shear Bands in Sensitive Clays
Authors: Samstad Gylland A. , Rueslåtten H. , Paniagua P. , Nordal S.
Published: April 2016

Sample preparation and imaging techniques were evaluated for the investigation of fabric and the structures of shear bands in sensitive clays. This included the preparation of polished thin sections, which were studied in a polarized light microscope and in an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). In addition, a set of samples was investigated by X-ray micro-Computerized Tomography, micro-CT. The shear band was seen as a non-continuous displacement field with complex inner patterns of shear fractures, like Riedel shears. Light microscopy of the thin sections was found to be useful for studying the outline and distribution of Riedel shears in the millimeter-sized shear band, whereas EPMA allows for studying microstructures at the micrometer level. The micro-CT makes it possible to extend the 2D representation of the studied macro-features from EPMA and light microscopy into 3D space. The main challenge with sensitive clays is sample preparation; the material can take little or no handling in its wet state, and when dried, substantial shrinkage occurs. The micro-CT holds several strong advantages which overcome these issues and also adds 3D visualization. Despite challenges related to image processing and image resolution versus sample size, the CT-tool is preferred for future studies of shear features in sensitive clays.
Consolidation Coefficient by Combined Probabilistic and Least Residuals Methods
Authors: Sebai S. , Belkacemi S.
Published: April 2016

Accurate prediction of the rate of consolidation settlement is dependent upon a reliable method of determining the coefficient of consolidation (cv) and the time to end of primary consolidation of the natural soil. For this purpose, and to circumvent errors associated with graphical procedures in evaluating cv, a FORTRAN program was developed to determine the best fit of laboratory consolidation test data using a combination of a probabilistic method and a minimization of the sum of squared residual (SSR) method. The proposed computer procedure does not use any particular point on the time-settlement curve. The program uses ranges of probable values of d0, d100, and cv. For each set of values d0, d100, and cv selected in a random manner, the SSR is computed. The set of values with the smallest SSR is considered as the best fit. This procedure leads to suitable reference values of the coefficient of consolidation and the end of primary consolidation, and permits an assessment of the accuracy of classical graphical log(t) and t1/2 procedures.
Effects of Chronic Sleep Restriction during Early Adolescence on the Adult Pattern of Connectivity of Mouse Secondary Motor Cortex
Authors: Billeh Yazan N. , Rodriguez Alexander V. , Bellesi Michele , Bernard Amy , de Vivo Luisa , Funk Chadd M. , Harris Julie , Honjoh Sakiko , Mihalas Stefan , Ng Lydia , Koch Christof , Cirelli Chiara , Tononi Giulio
Published: April 2016

Cortical circuits mature in stages, from early synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning to late synaptic refinement, resulting in the adult anatomical connection matrix. Because the mature matrix is largely fixed, genetic or environmental factors interfering with its establishment can have irreversible effects. Sleep disruption is rarely considered among those factors, and previous studies have focused on very young animals and the acute effects of sleep deprivation on neuronal morphology and cortical plasticity. Adolescence is a sensitive time for brain remodeling, yet whether chronic sleep restriction (CSR) during adolescence has long-term effects on brain connectivity remains unclear. We used viral-mediated axonal labeling and serial two-photon tomography to measure brain-wide projections from secondary motor cortex (MOs), a high-order area with diffuse projections. For each MOs target, we calculated the projection fraction, a combined measure of passing fibers and axonal terminals normalized for the size of each target. We found no homogeneous differences in MOs projection fraction between mice subjected to 5 days of CSR during early adolescence (P25–P30, ≥50% decrease in daily sleep,n=14) and siblings that slept undisturbed (n=14). Machine learning algorithms, however, classified animals at significantly above chance levels, indicating that differences between the two groups exist, but are subtle and heterogeneous. Thus, sleep disruption in early adolescence may affect adult brain connectivity. However, because our method relies on a global measure of projection density and was not previously used to measure connectivity changes due to behavioral manipulations, definitive conclusions on the long-term structural effects of early CSR require additional experiments.
UBQLN4 recognizes mislocalized transmembrane domain proteins and targets these to proteasomal degradation
Authors: Suzuki Rigel , Kawahara Hiroyuki
Published: April 2016

The majority of transmembrane proteins are integrated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by virtue of a signal sequence‐mediated co‐translational process. However, a substantial portion of transmembrane proteins fails to reach the ER, leading to mislocalized cytosolic polypeptides. Their appropriate recognition and removal are of the utmost importance to avoid proteotoxic stress. Here, we identified UBQLN4 as a BAG6‐binding factor that eliminates newly synthesized defective polypeptides. Using a truncated transmembrane domain protein whose degradation occurs during a pre‐ER incorporation process as a model, we show that UBQLN4 recognizes misassembled proteins in the cytoplasm and targets these to the proteasome. We suggest that the exposed transmembrane segment of the defective polypeptides is essential for the UBQLN4‐mediated substrate discrimination. Importantly, UBQLN4 recognizes not only the defective model substrate but also a pool of endogenous defective proteins that were induced by the depletion of the SRP54 subunit of the signal recognition particle. This study identifies a novel quality control mechanism for newly synthesized and defective transmembrane domain polypeptides that fail to reach their correct destination at the ER membrane.
An inter‐species protein–protein interaction network across vast evolutionary distance
Authors: Zhong Quan , Pevzner Samuel J , Hao Tong , Wang Yang , Mosca Roberto , Menche Jörg , Taipale Mikko , Taşan Murat , Fan Changyu , Yang Xinping , Haley Patrick , Murray Ryan R , Mer Flora , Gebreab Fana , Tam Stanley , MacWilliams Andrew , Dricot Amélie , Reichert Patrick , Santhanam Balaji , Ghamsari Lila , Calderwood Michael A , Rolland Thomas , Charloteaux Benoit , Lindquist Susan , Barabási Albert‐László , Hill David E , Aloy Patrick , Cusick Michael E , Xia Yu , Roth Frederick P , Vidal Marc
Published: April 2016

In cellular systems, biophysical interactions between macromolecules underlie a complex web of functional interactions. How biophysical and functional networks are coordinated, whether all biophysical interactions correspond to functional interactions, and how such biophysical‐versus‐functional network coordination is shaped by evolutionary forces are all largely unanswered questions. Here, we investigate these questions using an “inter‐interactome” approach. We systematically probed the yeast and human proteomes for interactions between proteins from these two species and functionally characterized the resulting inter‐interactome network. After a billion years of evolutionary divergence, the yeast and human proteomes are still capable of forming a biophysical network with properties that resemble those of intra‐species networks. Although substantially reduced relative to intra‐species networks, the levels of functional overlap in the yeast–human inter‐interactome network uncover significant remnants of co‐functionality widely preserved in the two proteomes beyond human–yeast homologs. Our data support evolutionary selection against biophysical interactions between proteins with little or no co‐functionality. Such non‐functional interactions, however, represent a reservoir from which nascent functional interactions may arise.
Pooled‐matrix protein interaction screens using Barcode Fusion Genetics
Authors: Yachie Nozomu , Petsalaki Evangelia , Mellor Joseph C , Weile Jochen , Jacob Yves , Verby Marta , Ozturk Sedide B , Li Siyang , Cote Atina G , Mosca Roberto , Knapp Jennifer J , Ko Minjeong , Yu Analyn , Gebbia Marinella , Sahni Nidhi , Yi Song , Tyagi Tanya , Sheykhkarimli Dayag , Roth Jonathan F , Wong Cassandra , Musa Louai , Snider Jamie , Liu Yi‐Chun , Yu Haiyuan , Braun Pascal , Stagljar Igor , Hao Tong , Calderwood Michael A , Pelletier Laurence , Aloy Patrick , Hill David E , Vidal Marc , Roth Frederick P
Published: April 2016

High‐throughput binary protein interaction mapping is continuing to extend our understanding of cellular function and disease mechanisms. However, we remain one or two orders of magnitude away from a complete interaction map for humans and other major model organisms. Completion will require screening at substantially larger scales with many complementary assays, requiring further efficiency gains in proteome‐scale interaction mapping. Here, we report Barcode Fusion Genetics‐Yeast Two‐Hybrid (BFG‐Y2H), by which a full matrix of protein pairs can be screened in a single multiplexed strain pool. BFG‐Y2H uses Cre recombination to fuse DNA barcodes from distinct plasmids, generating chimeric protein‐pair barcodes that can be quantified via next‐generation sequencing. We applied BFG‐Y2H to four different matrices ranging in scale from ~25 K to 2.5 M protein pairs. The results show that BFG‐Y2H increases the efficiency of protein matrix screening, with quality that is on par with state‐of‐the‐art Y2H methods.
Endogenous GLP1 and GLP1 analogue alter CNS responses to palatable food consumption
Authors: ten Kulve Jennifer S , Veltman Dick J , van Bloemendaal Liselotte , Groot Paul F C , Ruhé Henricus G , Barkhof Frederik , Diamant Michaela , Ijzerman Richard G
Published: April 2016

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) affects appetite, supposedly mediated via the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we investigate whether modulation of CNS responses to palatable food consumption may be a mechanism by which GLP1 contributes to the central regulation of feeding. Using functional MRI, we determined the effects of endogenous GLP1 and treatment with the GLP1 analogue liraglutide on CNS activation to chocolate milk receipt. Study 1 included 20 healthy lean individuals and 20 obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Scans were performed on two occasions: during infusion of the GLP1 receptor antagonist exendin 9–39 (blocking actions of endogenous GLP1) and during placebo infusion. Study 2 was a randomised, cross-over intervention study carried out in 20 T2DM patients, comparing treatment with liraglutide to insulin, after 10 days and 12 weeks. Compared with lean individuals, T2DM patients showed reduced activation to chocolate milk in right insula (P= 0.04). In lean individuals, blockade of endogenous GLP1 effects inhibited activation in bilateral insula (P≤ 0.03). Treatment in T2DM with liraglutide, vs insulin, increased activation to chocolate milk in right insula and caudate nucleus after 10 days (P≤ 0.03); however, these effects ceased to be significant after 12 weeks. Our findings in healthy lean individuals indicate that endogenous GLP1 is involved in the central regulation of feeding by affecting central responsiveness to palatable food consumption. In obese T2DM, treatment with liraglutide may improve the observed deficit in responsiveness to palatable food, which may contribute to the induction of weight loss observed during treatment. However, no long-term effects of liraglutide were observed.
Endocrine regulation of circadian physiology
Authors: Tsang Anthony H , Astiz Mariana , Friedrichs Maureen , Oster Henrik
Published: April 2016

Endogenous circadian clocks regulate 24-h rhythms of behavior and physiology to align with external time. The endocrine system serves as a major clock output to regulate various biological processes. Recent findings suggest that some of the rhythmic hormones can also provide feedback to the circadian system at various levels, thus contributing to maintaining the robustness of endogenous rhythmicity. This delicate balance of clock–hormone interaction is vulnerable to modern lifestyle factors such as shiftwork or high-calorie diets, altering physiological set points. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the communication between the circadian timing and endocrine systems, with a focus on adrenal glucocorticoids and metabolic peptide hormones. We explore the potential role of hormones as systemic feedback signals to adjust clock function and their relevance for the maintenance of physiological and metabolic circadian homeostasis.
Loss of Mrap2 is associated with Sim1 deficiency and increased circulating cholesterol
Authors: Novoselova T V , Larder R , Rimmington D , Lelliott C , Wynn E H , Gorrigan R J , Tate P H , Guasti L , _ _ , O’Rahilly S , Clark A J L , Logan D W , Coll A P , Chan L F
Published: April 2016

Melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) is a transmembrane accessory protein predominantly expressed in the brain. Both global and brain-specific deletion of Mrap2 in mice results in severe obesity. Loss-of-function MRAP2 mutations have also been associated with obesity in humans. Although MRAP2 has been shown to interact with MC4R, a G protein-coupled receptor with an established role in energy homeostasis, appetite regulation and lipid metabolism, the mechanisms through which loss of MRAP2 causes obesity remains uncertain. In this study, we used two independently derived lines of Mrap2 deficient mice (Mrap2tm1a/tm1a) to further study the role of Mrap2 in the regulation of energy balance and peripheral lipid metabolism. Mrap2tm1a/tm1a mice have a significant increase in body weight, with increased fat and lean mass, but without detectable changes in food intake or energy expenditure. Transcriptomic analysis showed significantly decreased expression of Sim1, Trh, Oxt and Crh within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of Mrap2tm1a/tm1a mice. Circulating levels of both high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein were significantly increased in Mrap2 deficient mice. Taken together, these data corroborate the role of MRAP2 in metabolic regulation and indicate that, at least in part, this may be due to defective central melanocortin signalling.
Adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor has a minor contribution in adipose tissue growth
Authors: Desarzens Sébastien , Faresse Nourdine
Published: April 2016

The glucocorticoids bind and activate both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as well as the mineralocorticoid receptor in adipocytes. Despite several studies to determine the function of these two receptors in mediating glucocorticoids effects, their relative contribution in adipose tissue expansion and obesity is unclear. To investigate the effect of GR in adipose tissue function, we generated an adipocyte-specific Gr-knockout mouse model (Grad-ko). These mice were submitted either to a standard diet or a high-fat high sucrose diet. We found that adipocyte-specific deletion of Gr did not affect body weight gain or adipose tissue formation and distribution. However, the lack of Gr in adipocyte promotes a diet-induced inflammation determined by higher pro-inflammatory genes expression and macrophage infiltration in the fat pads. Surprisingly, the adipose tissue inflammation in Grad-ko mice was not correlated with insulin resistance or dyslipidemia, but with disturbed glucose tolerance. Our data demonstrate that adipocyte-specific ablation of Gr in vivo may affect the adipose tissue function but not its expansion during a high calorie diet.
Induction of expression and phosphorylation of heat shock protein B5 (CRYAB) in rat myometrium during pregnancy and labour
Authors: Nicoletti J G , White B G , Miskiewicz E I , MacPhee D J
Published: April 2016

During pregnancy the myometrium undergoes a programme of differentiation induced by endocrine, cellular, and biophysical inputs. Small heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of ten (B1–B10) small-molecular-weight proteins that not only act as chaperones, but also assist in processes such as cytoskeleton rearrangements and immune system activation. Thus, it was hypothesized that HSPB5 (CRYAB) would be highly expressed in the rat myometrium during the contractile and labour phases of myometrial differentiation when such processes are prominent. Immunoblot analysis revealed that myometrial CRYAB protein expression significantly increased from day (D) 15 to D23 (labour;P<0.05). In correlation with these findings, serine 59-phosphorylated (pSer59) CRYAB protein expression significantly increased from D15 to D23, and was also elevated 1-day post-partum (P<0.05). pSer59-CRYAB was detected in the cytoplasm of myocytes within both uterine muscle layers mid- to late-pregnancy. In unilaterally pregnant rats, pSer59-CRYAB protein expression was significantly elevated in the gravid uterine horns at both D19 and D23 of gestation compared with non-gravid horns. Co-immunolocalization experiments using the hTERT-human myometrial cell line and confocal microscopy demonstrated that pSer59-CRYAB co-localized with the focal adhesion protein FERMT2 at the ends of actin filaments as well as with the exosomal marker CD63. Overall, pSer59-CRYAB is highly expressed in myometrium during late pregnancy and labour and its expression appears to be regulated by uterine distension. CRYAB may be involved in the regulation of actin filament dynamics at focal adhesions and could be secreted by exosomes as a prelude to involvement in immune activation in the myometrium.
La lingüística cognitiva: una aproximación al abordaje del lenguaje como fenómeno cognitivo integrado
Authors: Moreno Mojica Javier Aníbal
Published: April 2016

La lingüística cognitiva es un movimiento lingüístico que concibe el lenguaje como una capacidad integrativa dentro de las tareas cognitivas propias del hombre, lo que devela que el lenguaje está basado en procesos de cognición complejos tales como la percepción, conceptualización, categorización, inferencia, entre otros, los que de una u otra forma permiten una aprehensión, funcionamiento, estructuración y adecuación de la realidad y el mundo. No obstante, debido a sus postulaciones en contraposición de paradigmas lingüísticos tradicionales, ha sido señalada más de teoría unificada que de una corriente como tal, llegando a desconocerse no solo sus orígenes, preguntas fundamentales, principios teóricos y tareas propias, sino sus aportes a la ciencia lingüística en lo que atañe a la concepción y comprensión de la facultad del lenguaje humano. A través de este artículo se presenta una aproximación a la lingüística cognitiva en cuanto a su desarrollo histórico, constructos teóricos fundamentales y tendencias particulares en lo propio a la relación lenguaje-cognición-realidad.