bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategic transformation of land-sea complex India and analysis of port-oriented development strategies
Authors: PALIHATI Paerweina
Published: February 2025

India, as a land-sea complex country, shifting from a focus on land power to a focus on the sea, is also faced with the problem of allocating its relatively limited strategic resources among multiple strategic objectives. The transformation of strategy involves many factors, such as geopolitical factors, historical legacy factors, leadership factors, and security perception factors. In this case India’s choice of port oriented strategy is a choice as a land-sea complex country, in order to realize its great power ambitions, although it recognizes the importance of sea power and gradually shifts its strategic focus to the sea, but it will certainly not give up the development of its land power, being able to connect to the land and achieve a certain degree of power projection is the reason why India chooses to build a port, and it is only when this port is able to provide both maritime benefits and land benefits that it will have the motivation to practice difficult tasks. Only if the port can provide both maritime and land benefits will it have the incentive to carry out the difficult task.
Impact of bruxism in children: from occlusion to salivary quality
Authors: Medizza Alicia B. , Brusca Maria Isabel , Simoes Wilma A. , Jewtuchowicz Virginia , Garzon María Laura
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Bruxism was identified as a parafunctional activity capable of generating non-physiological wear facets and associated with non-carious lesions such as attrition, abrasion and abfraction. In children, this condition presented unique characteristics due to its high capacity for tissue regeneration and physiological adaptation, which generally caused asymptomatic pictures. Therefore, early diagnosis was based on the identification of occlusal imprints and their relationship with the stomatognathic system.Development: Several authors emphasized the importance of occlusal imprints as a diagnostic tool to differentiate between normal function and parafunction. It was pointed out that factors such as biotype, neuromuscular activity and individual adaptability influenced alterations of the masticatory system, including temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. In addition, the relationship between bruxism and saliva quality was critical, as the latter, regulated by the autonomic nervous system, played a protective and facilitating role in balancing the oral microenvironment. The variable composition of saliva and its influence on microbial growth, including bacteria and fungi such as Candida spp. was highlighted.Conclusion: The diagnosis of bruxism required a multidisciplinary approach integrating knowledge of oral neurophysiology, jaw biomechanics and salivary composition. This approach allowed the development of more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies, ensuring a better quality of life for pediatric patients. The findings reinforced the need for a detailed analysis of the factors involved in this pathology in order to implement comprehensive solutions.
Biosafety in Dentistry: A Comprehensive Approach to Workplace Accidents
Authors: Moreno Dommar Celeste , Jewtuchowicz Virginia , Garzón María Laura , Brusca Maria Isabel , Quiroga Ciro
Published: February 2025

Clinical dental practice presented a high risk of occupational accidents, especially sharps injuries, which exposed health care workers to contact with pathogens transmitted by contaminated blood and body fluids. These incidents, associated with sharps handling, frequently occurred due to factors such as inattention, stress and patient movement. Hollow needles were identified as the main cause of percutaneous injuries, accounting for 56% of cases. Globally, health care workers reported infection prevalence rates 3-5 times higher than the general population. Against this background, universal biosecurity measures were highlighted as key tools to reduce the risks of disease transmission. These included barrier techniques, proper handling of contaminated waste and accident response protocols, ranging from immediate wound cleaning to administration of post-exposure prophylaxis within 2 hours of the incident. Studies indicated that a high proportion of accidents went unreported and that more than half of the professionals were unaware of biosafety protocols. This picture highlighted the urgent need for continuing education and supervision in the clinical setting, especially for students, who faced greater challenges due to their inexperience and constant exposure. Compliance with biosafety standards was crucial to minimise risks and ensure a safe working environment.
Medical emergency at the dental office
Authors: Cardoso Maria Belen , Brusca Maria Isabel , Verdu Sergio Dario , Jewtuchowicz Virginia
Published: February 2025

Although medical emergencies in the dental office are rare, they can pose significant risks to patients' lives. The present work was designed in order to provide a prevention protocol, early diagnosis and initial interventions to guarantee patient safety and minimize serious adverse events. For this purpose, a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory approach was used, carried out through bibliographic analysis of primary sources related to the topic. The results identified the inadequacies of the theoretical and practical training of dentists to address medical emergencies. In particular, the authors note that professionals in the field lack skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and basic life support. Additionally, not all offices have the equipment or medications necessary to provide first aid. For example, most dentists today do not have defibrillators or emergency medications in their offices. Under these conditions, it would be appropriate to propose a formal protocol that includes preventive measures, risk identification, continuous training and provision of resources. Therefore, it can be assumed that the regular use of the proposed programs, together with other measures for practical training, will improve the response capacity of professionals to emergencies and reduce the morbidity of incidents. Before concluding, it is necessary to point out the need for future research related to the evaluation of training programs and the requested economic analyzes to ensure that the proposed interventions are sustainable.
Expanded mapping: the case of collaborative research with children from the El Morro neighborhood, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, S.L.P
Authors: Lugo Martínez Bárbara Cristina
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The cartographic method has traditionally been used in the geographical sciences to represent spatial configurations, although its use is usually limited by a hegemonic perspective. In this context, expanded cartography is proposed as a collaborative research methodology to explore the meanings and uses of the territory by the children of the El Morro neighborhood.Development: Through a methodology based on child participation, various research strategies were carried out, such as autobiographical mapping, body mapping and participatory mapping. These strategies made it possible to identify the territorial practices of nine children between the ages of eight and twelve. The research took into account the social conditions of the neighborhood, which is marked by problems of access to basic services, violence and social disintegration. Through games, tours and group interviews, the children's perceptions of the environment were analyzed, reflecting the way in which children live and transform their space. The data obtained showed the relevance of play and socialization in the appropriation of the territory, as well as the children's resistance to certain conditions in the environment.Conclusion: The study demonstrated that expanded cartography is an effective tool for making visible the relationship between children and their territory. Through this methodology, a deeper understanding of the spatial and affective practices of children was achieved, allowing the reconstruction of meanings based on their own experiences and languages.
I feel alone” Phenomenological study of elderly Cuban women who experienced the migration of first-order relatives
Authors: Betancourt Buron Déborah de la Caridad
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The increase of migratory processes is part of the reality in the Cuban context. It has an impact on the family and, especially, on elderly women who remain at home. The study of this phenomenon is at the crossroad of sociological theories of aging, migration and phenomenology, which allow us to make an analysis from the experience of research subjects, elderly women whose close relatives migrated. Objective. To examine experiences of a group of Cuban elderly women and the meaning they attribute to migratory process of their close relatives. Methods. A phenomenological study was carried out. Qualitative data was collected by semi-structured interviewing women over 60 whose close relatives had migrated. Additionally, experts were interviewed. Results. Changes were identified at individual, family and social levels after the family member of the older adult migrated. As a result women enrolled in the study attribute certain meanings to the migratory processes, which are associated with their personal experiences and move away from theoretical conventions. Conclusion. Migratory processes bring changes in life dynamics of elderly women. They have an impact on their quality of life, since there is an increased load of domestic and instrumental roles as a result of the migration of their close relatives.
Cultural Adaptation of Graduate School Chinese Students in a Philippine University: A Phenomenological Study
Authors:   Catanduanes State University, Dalipe Mark Anthony , Dominguez Niño ,   Catanduanes State University, Manlangit Dale Ivan ,   Catanduanes State University, Del Valle Garner Ted ,   Catanduanes National High School
Published: February 2025

This phenomenological study explores the cultural adaptation experiences of Chinese graduate students in one selected university in the Philippines. Through thematic analysis of interviews from four (4) participants, key motivations why they study in the Philippines include geographic and cultural proximity, a positive educational environment, expectations for improvement, cleanliness and safety, and economic considerations. Participants noted that there were differences in educational approaches, lifestyle changes, social traditions, and comparative comfort levels revealing the complexities of adapting to a new academic setting. In terms of adjustments encountered, cultural adaptability, physical adjustments, positive social interactions, and mental resilience emerged while their coping mechanisms include immersion and acceptance, social connections, gradual adjustment and maintaining a positive outlook. Recommendations include developing targeted support services for visa assistance and cultural orientation, promoting interaction between local and international students, and prioritizing mental health resources. Future research should focus on long-term adaptation experiences and comparative studies across institutions.
Optimizing General Clinic Workflows: A Systematic Review of Process Improvement Approaches
Authors: Al-Mansour Fahad Mohammed Saed , Alsharyah Rashed Mahdi , Al Mansour Ibrahim Hadi , Al Mansour Hadi Hassan Mahmoud , Hatem Hatem Mohammed , Almansour Saeed Hamad Saeed , Al Mansour Mana Mahdi Ali , Almansour Hamad Ali Suaydan , Alyami Hussain Ali Hussain , Alyami Hamad Hussain
Published: February 2025

This systematic review explores process improvement approaches in general clinics, focusing on methodologies that enhance workflow efficiency, reduce patient wait times, and optimize resource utilization. By analyzing studies published between 2016 and 2024, this review identifies key interventions, including Lean, Six Sigma, workflow automation, patient-centered redesign, and AI-driven predictive analytics. Findings indicate that these approaches contribute significantly to operational efficiency, staff productivity, and patient satisfaction. However, challenges such as staff resistance, high implementation costs, and the lack of standardization remain barriers to widespread adoption. The review highlights the need for further research on integrating digital transformation with traditional process improvement models to create sustainable and scalable solutions for general clinics.
Business Confidence and the Economic Activity in South Africa
Authors: Kutu Augustine Adebayo , Ngalawa Harold , Nzimande Ntokozo
Published: February 2025

The objectives of this study are: to examine the impact of business confidence on economic activity in South Africa; to determine whether the indicator of business confidence can predict movements of economic activity over business cycles, and to forecast business confidence and economic activity in South Africa. Employing a Vector Autoregressive model and data from 1994Q1 – 2019Q4, we find that business confidence can predict the direction of economic activity in South Africa. It is also revealed that an increase in the level of business confidence can lead to an increase in economic growth and reduce unemployment rate. The result from the forecasting analysis indicate that economic agents can monitor the current economic situation and future direction of output growth. We recommend that policymakers should include the business confidence index as a policy tool in tracking the performance of economic activity due to its significant role in predicting economic downturns.
Establishing the Participatory Area-based Mechanisms for the Development of the Old Town in Surat Thani Municipality, Thailand to Improving the Quality of Economy, Society and Environment to the Smart City
Authors: Phongphanich Nara , Phongphanich Dolluck
Published: February 2025

Surat Thani old town into a smart city through collaborative efforts across sectors, utilizing participatory action research and community action planning, leaders from various sectors were engaged. Qualitative and quantitative methods were employed, with data analyzed through content analysis and descriptive statistics. The study area included several key locations within Surat Thani Municipality. Results indicated the successful development of creative mechanisms for the town's preservation and transition to a smart city, achieved through sector-wide participation. Seven community researchers, representing different sectors, facilitated the process. Proposed guidelines and innovations were formulated to guide preservation and development efforts, emphasizing participatory planning and the integration of smart city concepts. The research outcomes informed policymaking, academic collaboration, and commercial ventures, contributing to Surat Thani’s vision as a livable smart city. The findings were utilized to create a master plan and strategic framework for short, medium, and long-term development goals. Collaboration among academic institutions and government agencies further enhanced the implementation of these plans. Commercially, public relations media were utilized to promote tourism and community development, fostering additional income opportunities within the community.
Strategies for Developing Teachers' Digital Teaching Competency in Fujian Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Mao Chen , Noirid Surachet
Published: February 2025

This study outlines a strategy for developing digital teaching skills among faculty at Fujian's vocational colleges. It has three goals: to identify key components of digital teaching competency, to evaluate current and desired levels of competency, and to create effective strategies for improvement. The research involves 412 educators and uses interviews, questionnaires, and evaluations.The strategy includes four components with 14 indicators: Digital Awareness, Skills and Training, Institutional Construction, and Teaching Experience. Current competency is moderate, with Teaching Experience highest. Desired levels are higher, led by Digital Skills. Priorities are to establish support systems, enhance skills, foster positive attitudes, and accumulate experience.Experts rate the strategy highly for appropriateness, accuracy, and feasibility. It meets the colleges' needs, covers all aspects of management and teaching, and provides a model for other institutions to follow in promoting digital teaching and cultural heritage.
Market Orientation of Moroccan SME Managers and Performance: Does Innovation Capability Matter?
Authors: Allammari Yassin , Boujaddaine Ouiam , Taqi Ahmed
Published: February 2025

Although previous studies have established a positive relationship between market orientation (MO), innovation capabilities (IC), and SME performance, the specific context of Moroccan SMEs remains underexplored. This study aims to examine how MO and IC interact to enhance the performance of Moroccan SMEs. A quantitative survey was conducted among 84 SME managers operating in various sectors. Data analysis was performed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method via SmartPLS 4. The results indicate that MO has a positive and direct effect on the performance of Moroccan SMEs. Additionally, IC play a partial mediating role in this relationship. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings provide concrete guidance for SME managers and policymakers, highlighting the strategic importance of strengthening MO and enhancing IC to foster sustainable SME performance in Morocco.
The Fourth Political Theory
Authors: al-Hussein Huda Abd al-Ghaib Abd , Shabib Asaad Kazem
Published: February 2025

The fourth political theory proposed by the Russian philosopher (Alexander Dugin) included a set of political ideas, principles and practices that developed in the twentieth century. Dugin considered his theory to be a reaction to traditional political theories, such as the liberal theory, the communist theory, and the fascist theory.,The fourth political theory expressed a desire to go beyond the traditional divisions of political ideas, and presented a new vision, which included a number of principles and ideas from previous theories. It took cooperation and competition from liberalism, took the desire to establish the Russian Empire, and restore the glories of the Soviet Union from communist theory, and took the interest and focus on cultural and national identities from fascist theory. Therefore, Dugin emphasized that his theory does not represent an extension of previous theories, but rather is a comprehensive theory for all ages and for different human groups.
Penggunaan Smart Tv Dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar PAI di SDN Susukan II
Authors: Siti Aisyah
Published: February 2025

Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) secara formal di sekolah selama ini memiliki tantangan tersendiri diantaranya pendekatan pembelajaran, pemanfaatan media pembelajaran, dan kurang minatnya siswa dalam belajar PAI. Di sisi lain perkembangan perangkat berbasis teknologi informasi yang terkoneksi dengan internet saat ini berkembang sangat pesat dan salah satunya adalah Smart TV. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali potensi penggunaan Smart TV dalam PAI dan mengetahui efektivitas penggunaanya untuk meningkatkan minat belajar PAI pada siswa Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian dilakukan di SDN Susukan II Kabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat yang telah menerapkan penggunaan Smart TV dalam proses pembelajarannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik observasi dan wawancara kepada siswa, guru, dan manajemen sekolah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Smart TV memiliki potensi yang besar untuk digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran PAI dan terbukti efektif untuk meningkatkan minat belajar PAI di kalangan siswa. Kesimpulannya hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa guru dituntut lebih kreatif lagi dalam mengoptimalkan Smart TV sebagai media pembelajaran.
Training on awareness of consuming halal and nutritious food among Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan
Authors: Setyawan Ari , Linda Ony , Ashari Chica Riska
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Awareness on consuming halal and nutritious food within the global Muslim community requires thorough more exploration. This activity aims to enhance understanding and practices of selecting halal and nutritious food among Indonesian migrant workers (IMWs) in Taiwan also to assess the knowledge level of consuming halal and nutritious food and examine its association with gender.Methods: The community service method included delivering lectures and training for Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan, with a total of 21 participants. To assess the success of the training, an evaluation was conducted by giving a post-test. The analysis included descriptive and Chi-Square to examine the association between gender and the knowledge level of consuming halal and nutritious food.Results: Among the participants, 57.1% achieved high scores, while 42.9% were in the low-score regarding the knowledge level of halal and nutritious food consumption. The analysis result of this study revealed there was no statistically significant association between gender and the level of knowledge of consuming halal and nutritious food among Indonesian migrant workers in Taiwan, with a p-value of 0.350.Conclusions: This study highlights the significant enhancement for Indonesian migrant workers' knowledge of halal and nutritious food in Taiwan through facilitator training, suggesting that future community programs should include continuous support, advanced training, and collaborations with local halal food providers to improve accessibility, with further research exploring the attitudes and preferences related to halal food consumption, including gender and cultural dynamics.
Iraq’s Desertification: The Complication of Environmental Security Issues
Authors: Abdulrahman Salam Abdulqadir
Published: February 2025

Iraq’s numerous environmental problems are interconnected, with one issue leading to another and complicating matters further. Natural and human-induced climate change, a significant decline in rainfall, surface and groundwater depletion, reduced vegetation, deforestation, increasing dust and sandstorms, soil erosion, loss of fertile land and green cover, and the shrinkage of marshes are all intertwined and affecting one another. Their most prominent manifestation is perhaps the transformation of Iraq’s fertile lands into deserts, a phenomenon known as desertification. This paper examines the government’s attempts to combat the problem and the obstacles encountered. It contrasts the efforts of China and Africa against desertification and draws lessons for Iraq. It argues that desertification, along with other environmental issues, poses a genuine threat to the security of the populace and the future of the country.
Il progetto H2AL, opportunità e limiti della produzione di alluminio con idrogeno verde
Authors: Di Fresco L. , Barberis S.
Published: February 2025

Il progetto H2AL sviluppa un bruciatore a idrogeno da circa 2 MWth per un forno di riscaldamento per il riciclaggio dei rottami di alluminio, che potrà lavorare sia in blending che al 100% in H2, tramite processo di oxy-combustion (minimizzazione Nox) e studierà l’impatto della combustione di H2 sia rispetto alla struttura del forno che alla qualità del prodotto finale, riducendo al minimo le emissioni in atmosfera. Il progetto svilupperà modelli tecno-economici e linee guida per l’integrazione tecnologica, tenendo in conto delle specificità geografiche/infrastrutturali e proponendo nuovi modelli di business. BluEnergy Revolution, PMI genovese che fa parte del consorzio H2AL (composto di 10 partner provenienti da quattro paesi, tra cui 4 organizzazioni di ricerca, 5 partner industriali e un’associazione industriale), svilupperà modelli di business e valutazioni di mercato relativi all’utilizzo dell’idrogeno verde nell’industria della fonderia di alluminio eseguendo la valutazione tecnico-economica per la produzione e lo stoccaggio dell’idrogeno utile al processo, affrontando i requisiti operativi, di sicurezza e autorizzativi. L’articolo presenta i risultati dell’analisi di fattibilità tecnico-economica che BER ha realizzato per la conversione a idrogeno dell’intero processo manufatturiero della fonderia 2A di Santena verificando la possibilità di massimizzare l’autoconsumo del locale generatore FV e di avviare una filiera dell’idrogeno attraverso adeguati business models
Identifikasi Jenis dan Kepadatan Sampah Laut di Pantai Melon Kabupaten Selayar
Authors: Isman Muh , Noor Rahmat Januar , Afdal Muh
Published: February 2025

The presence of marine debris in the waters can change the quality of the waters, which is caused by anthropogenic activities. This marine debris is a persistent solid material, which is intentionally or unintentionally thrown away and left in the marine environment. This research aims to determine the type and density of marine debris. The research was carried out in August 2022 at Melon Beach, Selayar Regency. The research uses a descriptive quantitative approach by conducting field surveys. Data analysis uses descriptive techniques to classify the types of marine waste collected and calculate the density and mass of the waste. The research results showed that there were 27 types of macro waste and 5 types of micro waste. The density of plastic waste ranged from 3-6 items/m2, whereas in this study the density of plastic waste ranged from 0.0001-0.008 items/m2.
Technology and Illusions: An Analysis of the Jade Dragon Design for AIGC IP Image at Milan Design Week
Authors: Fuchuan TAN  , Xiaodong WANG
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the fusion of artificial intelligence technology and traditional Chinese culture in design, focusing on the creation of a 2024 zodiac “Dragon” as the central IP image for the 2024 Milan Design Week. By integrating AIGC (AI-Generated Content) technology, the work showcases a blend of creativity, technological advancement, and futuristic design elements. The jade dragon design highlights the potential of AIGC in pushing the boundaries of design innovation, offering a unique combination of cultural heritage and cutting-edge technology. The study explores the design process, technical expressions, and the broader implications of merging traditional culture with modern AI technology in the context of global design trends.
Contemporary Exploration in Ancient Bookbinding Design Practice: A Case Study on the Compilation of Guangyuan Local Chronicles
Authors: Chuyue HUANG  , Xiaodong WANG
Published: February 2025

This paper delves into the exploration and application of ancient Chinese bookbinding art in contemporary design, focusing on the binding practices of Guangyuan local chronicles. Through an analysis of traditional bookbinding styles, materials, layout, and hand-drawn illustrations, the study highlights the cultural, historical, and aesthetic value of ancient bookbinding techniques. The research aims to bridge the gap between ancient craftsmanship and modern design by blending historical elements with contemporary aesthetics. Employing literature review, data analysis, social surveys, and physical inspections, the study offers insights into the preservation and innovation of cultural heritage through design, providing valuable references for future studies.
Food Safety Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of School Canteen Food Handlers in the District of Maria, Siquijor, Philippines
Authors: Ramos Falan Gay , Despojo Antonia Gueyndoline
Published: February 2025

Food safety is a vital public health concern impacting communities around the globe. It encompasses the management of various biological, chemical, and physical hazards that can compromise food safety and lead to adverse health outcomes. Undoubtedly, ensuring food safety in school canteens is crucial, as it directly influences the health and well-being of students. This study explored the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the 43 school canteen food vendors regarding food safety in the District of Maria, Siquijor. The researcher used a descriptive-correlational research method and a validated questionnaire to collect data. The statistical tools used in the study were weighted mean, multiple regression analysis, and Spearman rank correlation Coefficient. This motivated the researcher to study the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of food handlers in school cafeterias, as they are essential in ensuring the preparation and serving of safe food to students, teachers, and other patrons. The results revealed that the school canteen vendors' knowledge and practices in food handling and safety in terms of food packaging, food preparation, and food service process is “very high.” Furthermore, the data indicated that the school canteen vendors have a favorable attitude toward food packaging, food preparation, and food service norms. Additionally, the findings revealed a significant relationship between the vendors' knowledge and their attitudes regarding food packaging, preparation, and service processes. The study also found a significant relationship between the school canteen vendors’ knowledge and their practices, as well as between attitudes and practices in food preparation. The findings further discovered that school canteen vendors’ profiles and KAP on food handling and safety are unrelated. Although the study revealed high levels of reported knowledge, favorable attitudes, and substantial compliance with food safety practices, the actual behaviors of food handlers observed may not align with the DepEd guidelines. This discrepancy indicates that the respondents might have overestimated their adherence to the established policies, highlighting the need for continuous training and supervision by teachers responsible for school canteens.
Assessment of the Implementation of Special Program in Journalism (SPJ): Basis for an Intervention Program
Authors: Tura Ryan
Published: February 2025

In light of the implementation of the Special Program in Journalism (SPJ) and the low performance of the school in school’s press conference competitions, the study aims to assess the level of standard, performance, and challenges in implementing the SPJ program through the lens of student journalists as a basis for an intervention program. The study consists of one hundred (100) journalist respondents purposively selected through purposive sampling. The study used a mixed method research design using sequential explanatory methods, which employ survey questionnaires and polyangulation, which consist of interviews and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) as tools for data gathering. The survey questionnaires were adopted from existing studies and underwent validation and reliability testing. The study used semistructured questions for the interview questions to allow the respondents to respond extensively. To analyze and interpret the quantitative data, the study used descriptive statistics using weighted mean, while for qualitative, the study adopted Colaizzi's 1978 method of data analysis, which involves steps such as transcribing significant statements into meaning units and extracting emerging themes. The study found that the level of standard and performance and outcomes in implementing a Special Program in Journalism (SPJ) in school is satisfactory. Meanwhile, themes such as a lack of facility, uniformity of instruction, disengagement in the training, and lack of parental support emerged as challenges in the implementation of the program. The study concludes that implementing the SPJ program fosters challenges like lack of facility, student disengagement among journalists, and uniformity of instruction, which constitutes a low level of performance and standards; thus, an intervention program is recommended.
Water Security Challenges in Households in Tuba, Benguet, Philippines
Authors: Coquilla Christian Rey , Melisimo Isie John , Pacardo Daryl Paul , Sayse Joshua , Tayaban Joydee , Viana John Alexis
Published: February 2025

Water is a basic need and right of people. Yet there are water security issues, even in the Philippines. These are linked to global and national security and overall well-being. This study, therefore, describes the domestic water security issues of the households of the Twin Peaks National High School, Tuba, Benguet catchment areas, as represented in 2023 by the school’s students and personnel who reside in the locale. A sample of them voluntarily answered the researcher-prepared online survey questionnaire; 226 response sets were valid. Where appropriate, the researchers checked the Cronbach alpha to be acceptable. They summarized the responses in percentage and mean. As reported by the respondents, their households’ non-drinking waters are, from the most to least frequent source, via hosepipes from springs, streams, and waterfalls; private deep wells; commercial water delivery trucks; and rainwater harvesting. Most households experienced domestic water shortages and interruptions, mitigated by sufficient water storage containers and buying their drinking water. The households experienced problems with their non-drinking domestic water quality at the second highest level of “often”; 40% found their water supply generally unacceptable (odor, color, flavor, and dirt particles). Around 15% of them find their domestic water supply costly. Thirty-eight percent of them “often” or “very often” experienced the four adverse effects of the issues on their domestic waters’ properties. However, the households practice ecologically responsible water-related behaviors only at the second least ideal level of “sometimes true.” The findings add to the data-based information that domestic water security issues negatively affect households and individuals like those in the school’s catchment areas. They and everyone need to practice ecologically
Factors Affecting the Capital Market Value of the Lao PDR
Authors:   Namtom secondary school, Sengphachanh Saiphone
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is: 1) authenticate the property of the Freedom of the Lao PDR. And 2) the factors that affect the capital market value of the Lao PDR since 201223. The researchers used time series data from the Lao Stock Exchange, the National Statistics Center, and the Central Bank of the Lao PDR, which are quarterly data starting from the first quarter of 2012 to the fourth quarter of 2023, a total of 48 quarters, and used multiple regression analysis with the ordinary least squares (OLS) method to estimate the coefficients of the variables using a statistical program.

The results of the research found: the Multi-collinearity problem found that the correlation coefficient of the independent variables with each other is not more than 0.8, indicating that there is no serious Multi-collinearity problem in the model. Also, through checking the autocorrelation problem of the variables, it was found that the statistical value DW = 1.5278 indicates that the expectation of each value of the variable is independent of each other. It means that the factors that the students put into the model of the factors that affect the capital market value of Laos this time are reliable and can be used in the next level of analysis. As for the analysis of the factors affecting the capital market value in Laos, it was found that among the 6 independent variables studied, there is only one variable that is not statistically significant and cannot explain the change in the capital market value. The remaining 5 variables are statistically significant and can explain the change in the capital market value of Laos. In that is the most common factor of the Lao stock exchange (LSX).
Guidelines for the Conservation of Local Knowledge on Silk Weaving in Phanom Village, Luang Prabang Capital, Luang Prabang Province
Authors:   Faculty of Education SU, invankham maiphone
Published: February 2025

This study used a qualitative method through inherited weaving to reserve for generation to generation. The purposes of this study were to study: 1) the local knowledge about the silk weaving of women in Phanom Village; 2) the way to preserve the local knowledge of silk weaving of women in Phanom Village, Luang Prabang. The target group was 30 participants, using document analysis, related studies, focus group interviews, and direct interviews with silk producers. Data analysis was implemented with a descriptive method to lead to a causal explanation of the data.

The results showed that 1) The inheritance of local knowledge in silk weaving by women in Ban Phanom, Luang Prabang City, Luang Prabang Province. First, it is inherited from mothers, secondly, it is inherited from relatives, and then it is inherited from friends and society and 2) The guidelines for the conservation of silk weaving were organized through the operation process as follows: (1) The target group was defined by the weaving group, the head of the weaving center, and the village chief; (2) determined the pattern of transferring knowledge by continuous operation; (3) the ancestors had to be individuals in the target community, who were knowledgeable and accepted by the members of the village; (4) those who inherited weaving had to be interested and highly motivated; (5) the place to transfer knowledge was the area of the center and each person’s house; (6) The transmission process was divided into two periods: the actual study period and the performance monitoring period; (7) the method of transmission was the nature of practical training, while the atmosphere was carried out independently and (8) the assessment was based on the standards of the transmitters, the production center, and the markets.
Risk Factors Associated with Periodontal Diseases for Patients over 30 years old Attending the Dental Department, Mahosoth Hospital, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR
Authors:   University of Health sciences, THAMMAVONGSA Viengsay
Published: February 2025

This research was a descriptive the risk factors associated with periodontitis diseases for respondents age over 30 years old at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR. The aims of this were to: 1) investigate of periodontitis diseases situation and 2) analyse the factors effecting periodontitis diseases with thesample group of 297 respondents and analyzed the data by using the SPSS program. The result found that age between 36-59 years old have got risk periodontitis diseases equal 22.2 %, and 34.4% was pocket depth (PD) morethan 4 mm. The study also found that personal diseasesfactor, behaviour of cleaning mouth or times of brush tooth factor, and go to see the Doctor every year or once a year factor these were related to periodontitis diseases and protect periodontitis diseases with the statistically significant (p-value <0.05).
The Relationship Between the Roles of Teachers’ Effectiveness and Language Activities Utilization in English Instruction at Higher Education Institutions in Southern Laos
Authors:   A head if Scientific Research and Academic Services Division, SORKEOMANY Bounsong
Published: February 2025

This study identifies three key objectives were to: (1) investigate the effective roles of English Language Teaching (ELT) teachers in English courses, (2) identify the English language activities implemented in these courses, and (3) examine the relationship between effective ELT teachers' roles and their application of ELT activities. A purposive sampling technique, based on Krejcie and Morgan's formula, was utilized to select 78 EFL teachers and 365 English major students. Data were collected through a mixed-methods approach, employing a survey questionnaire and focus-group interviews. Statistical analyses, including frequency, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation coefficients were conducted to interpret the data.

The findings revealed that the highest mean scores were associated with the 'Cognitive Roles' of EFL teachers, indicating a strong foundation for effective teaching as perceived by participants. However, lower scores in the 'Neutral' category suggested a gap in utilizing video and audio strategies, pointing to potential limitations in integrating technology into instruction. Additionally, EFL teachers' managerial roles received positive evaluations, with most indicators rated at the 'Extremely Agree' level. Nonetheless, some indicators also fell into the 'Neutral' range, highlighting areas for improvement. The analysis of EFL teachers' 'Affective Roles' showed generally strong capabilities; however, similar lower scores in the 'Neutral' range indicated further areas for development. Furthermore, the Classroom Activities Inventory indicated that "Meaning-focused interactive activities" received the highest mean scores, and followed by the use of ‘One-way language exercises Activities’ while "Real-Life Skills Task Activities" were utilized least frequently. The Pearson correlation coefficients revealed a significant positive correlation among the three roles of EFL teachers and their use of classroom activities. This finding highlights the interconnectedness between teacher effectiveness and the utilization of instructional activities in English language teaching. However, there are areas within the teachers' roles that require improvement.
Evaluation of Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of Complications in Dengue Infection
Authors:   Professor & Head, Department of Medicine, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College. amit.bcps.2552@gmail.com, Wazib Amit , Rahman Shaila ,   Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College., Belal Munshi Mohammad ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College., Shamme Sheikh Shamsunnahar ,   Junior Consultant, Department of Paediatrics, Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College Hospital., Ahmed Md. Rayhan ,   Assistant Registrar, Department of Medicine, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College Hospital, Kamal Farah Naz ,   General Practitioner., Mani Md. Shahidul Islam ,   Intern, Department of Medicine, Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College Hospital., Kamal Mehnaz ,   Senior Manager, Research & Advocacy, BRAC Health Programme, BRAC.
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Introduction: Dengue is an endemic infection in Bangladesh with frequent outbreaks. Severe dengue including dengue shock syndrome (DSS), severe haemorrhage and expanded dengue syndrome (EDS), is the major contributor of morbidity and mortality in dengue infection. This study aimed to assess the association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with severe dengue, DHF, DSS, severe haemorrhage and EDS in dengue fever.
Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 250 randomly selected dengue patients admitted under the Department of Medicine in Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July to December 2023. The study participants were divided into two groups – with NLR≥2 and NLR<2, on the third day of fever. Frequencies severe dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF), DSS, severe haemorrhage and EDS were compared between the two groups.
Results: NLR ≥2 on the third day of fever was associated with a statistically significant higher frequency of DHF, DSS, EDS and severe dengue.
Conclusion: NLR can be used as a predictor of complications in dengue infection. Dengue patients with NLR ≥2 on the third day of fever possess a higher risk of developing complications, and hence need close monitoring.
Changes in Serum Sodium Level in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh, taufiqbd93@gmail.com., Taufiq-Ul-Alam Mohammad , Diluara Khadiza ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh,, Chowdhury Nafisa Marzan ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Central Medical College, Cumilla, Bangladesh., Tasnim Nafisa ,   Department of Biochemistry, Anwar Khan Modern Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh., Hassan S. M. Tauhid ,   Assistant Professor (C.C), Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh., Yesmin Farjana ,   Assistant Professor (C.C), Department of Biochemistry, Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh.
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is defined as the death of cardiac muscle due to prolong ischemia. It is more commonly known as heart attack, is a medical emergency and the leading cause of death for both men and women all over the world. There is a correlation between changes in the serum sodium in acute myocardial infarction. Changes in serum sodium in AMI have not been studied extensively and paucity of information in the literature in this regard.
Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the changes in serum sodium status in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Methods: The present cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh with the collaboration of the Department of Cardiology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, during the period of July-2019 to June 2020. A total of 100 subjects were included in this study among them, 50 were diagnosed AMI patients denoted as case group & 50 were normal healthy individuals denoted as control group. Serum Sodium was determined by colorimetric method by using electrolyte analyzer for each sample. All statistical analysis was done by using SPSS (statistical package for social science) windows package version 21. P value <0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean ± SD values of serum sodium were 136.78 ± 1.63 mmol/L and 130.28 ± 1.82 mmol/L in control group and case group respectively. The analysis showed that, there was highly significant decrease in mean serum sodium level between two groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: This was a cross sectional study. Analyzing the findings of the present study, highly significant decrease in serum sodium level were observed in AMI patients. A large scale prospective study with the application of more sophisticated technology may be planned to find out the relationship of this biochemical variables with AMI.