bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Picomole‐Scale Synthesis and Screening of Macrocyclic Compound Libraries by Acoustic Liquid Transfer
Authors: Sangouard Gontran , Zorzi Alessandro , Wu Yuteng , Ehret Edouard , Schüttel Mischa , Kale Sangram , Díaz‐Perlas Cristina , Vesin Jonathan , Bortoli Chapalay Julien , Turcatti Gerardo , Heinis Christian
Published: July 2021

Macrocyclic compounds are an attractive class of therapeutic ligands against challenging targets, such as protein–protein interactions. However, the development of macrocycles as drugs is hindered by the lack of large combinatorial macrocyclic libraries, which are cumbersome, expensive, and time consuming to make, screen, and deconvolute. Here, we established a strategy for synthesizing and screening combinatorial libraries on a picomolar scale by using acoustic droplet ejection to combine building blocks at nanoliter volumes, which reduced the reaction volumes, reagent consumption, and synthesis time. As a proof‐of‐concept, we assembled a 2700‐member target‐focused macrocyclic library that we could subsequently assay in the same microtiter synthesis plates, saving the need for additional transfers and deconvolution schemes. We screened the library against the MDM2–p53 protein–protein interaction and generated micromolar and sub‐micromolar inhibitors. Our approach based on acoustic liquid transfer provides a general strategy for the development of macrocycle ligands.
Carbene‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Construction of Atropisomers
Authors: Song Runjiang , Xie Yongtao , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: July 2021

Atropisomeric molecules have found proven applications and have shown promising potential in chemistry and medicine. The design of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed reactions to construct atropisomerically enriched molecules has emerged as an important research topic in recent years. These reactions include kinetic resolutions, asymmetric desymmetrizations, central‐to‐axial chirality conversions, and cycloadditions. This Minireview evaluates and summarizes the progress in NHC‐based organic catalysis for access to atropisomers, and briefly states our personal perspectives on the future advancement of this topic. NHC catalysis has provided rich and unique reaction modes that have led to success in the asymmetric synthesis of central‐chiral molecules. It is expected that similar success could also be achieved in developing NHC catalysis to prepare atropisomeric molecules, including those not easily accessible by other methods.
Nachtaktiv: Eisen‐Guanidin‐Komplex katalysiert ROP auf der schlafenden Seite der ATRP
Authors: Rittinghaus Ruth D. , Karabulut Aylin , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: July 2021

Copolymere sind die Antwort auf die limitierten Eigenschaften von Homopolymeren. Um die gesamte Vielfalt der verfügbaren Monomere nutzen zu können, werden derzeit Katalysatoren untersucht, die in mehr als einem Polymerisationsmechanismus aktiv sind. Eisen‐Guanidin‐Katalysatoren haben sich bei der ROP von Lactid als außerordentlich aktiv erwiesen und zeigen jetzt ihre Vielseitigkeit, indem sie auch die ATRP von Styrol katalysieren. Der vorgestellte Eisenkomplex ist der erste, der Lactid und Styrol gleichzeitig zu einem definierten Blockcopolymer in einem Reaktionsgefäß polymerisiert. Beide Mechanismen arbeiten dabei Hand in Hand, wobei die ROP die überwiegend vorhandene FeII‐Spezies auf der inaktiven Seite des ATRP‐Gleichgewichts nutzt. Diese orthogonale Copolymerisation durch einen nicht‐toxischen Eisenkatalysator ebnet neue Wege zu biokompatiblen Polymerisationsverfahren und erweitert den Anwendungsbereich der ATRP.
In Vivo Tracking of Cell Viability for Adoptive Natural Killer Cell‐Based Immunotherapy by Ratiometric NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Liao Naishun , Su Lichao , Zheng Youshi , Zhao Bixing , Wu Ming , Zhang Da , Yang Huanghao , Liu Xiaolong , Song Jibin
Published: July 2021

The therapeutic efficacy of natural killer (NK) cells‐based immunotherapy is greatly related with the survival of transplanted NK cells. However, no effective strategy was reported to monitor NK cell viability in adoptive immunotherapy in vivo. Herein, we develop a ratiometric NIR‐II fluorescence imaging strategy to quantitively track and visualize the adoptive NK cell viability in vivo in real‐time. The nanoprobe consists of lanthanide‐based down‐conversion nanoparticles (DCNP) coated with IR786s, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) sensitive to NIR dye, which was directly labeled with NK cells. Upon cell death, the excessive ROS generation occurred within NK cells, along with IR786s degradation, turning on NIR‐II fluorescent signal at 1550 nm of DCNP under 808‐nm excitation, while the fluorescent signal at 1550 nm of DCNP under 980‐nm excitation was stable. Such an intracellular ROS‐induced ratiometric NIR‐II fluorescent signal was validated to correlate well with NK cell viability in vivo. Using this nanoreporter, we further demonstrated that co‐treatment with IL‐2, IL‐15, and IL‐21 could improve NK cell viability in vivo, achieving enhanced immunotherapy for orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma. Overall, this strategy allows for longitudinal and quantitative tracking of NK cell viability in NK cell‐based immunotherapy.
A Highly Selective Supramolecule Array Membrane Made of Zero‐Dimensional Molecules for Gas Separation
Authors: Zhao Meng , Ban Yujie , Yang Kun , Zhou Yingwu , Cao Na , Wang Yuecheng , Yang Weishen
Published: July 2021

We orderly assembled zero‐dimensional 2‐methylimidazole (mim) molecules into unprecedented supramolecule array membranes (SAMs) through solvent‐free vapor processing, realizing the intermolecular spacing of mim at ca. 0.30 nm available as size‐sieving channels for distinguishing the tiny difference between H2 (kinetic diameter: 0.289 nm) and CO2 (kinetic diameter: 0.33 nm). The highly oriented and dense membranes yield a separation factor above 3600 for equimolar H2/CO2 mixtures, which is one order of magnitude higher than those of the state‐of‐the‐art membranes defining 2017’s upper bound for H2/CO2 separation. These SAMs define a new benchmark for molecular sieve membranes and are of paramount importance to precombustion carbon capture. Given the range of supramolecules, we anticipate SAMs with variable intermolecular channels could be applied in diversified separations that are prevalent in chemical processes.
Active in Sleep: Iron Guanidine Catalyst Performs ROP on Dormant Side of ATRP
Authors: Rittinghaus Ruth D. , Karabulut Aylin , Hoffmann Alexander , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja
Published: July 2021

Copolymers are the answer to property limitations of homopolymers. In order to use the full variety of monomers available, catalysts active in more than one polymerization mechanism are currently investigated. Iron guanidine catalysts have shown to be extraordinarily active in ROP of lactide and herein prove their versatility by also promoting ATRP of styrene. The presented iron complex is the first polymerizing lactide and styrene simultaneously to a defined block copolymer in a convenient one‐pot synthesis. Both mechanisms work hand in hand with ROP using the dominantly present FeII species on the dormant side of the ATRP equilibrium. This orthogonal copolymerization by a benign iron catalyst opens up new pathways to biocompatible polymerization procedures broadening the scope of ATRP applications.
Sample size determination to estimate mediation effects in cell transformation assays: A Bayesian causal model
Authors: Stefanini Federico M. , Magrini Alessandro
Published: July 2021

Cell transformation assays (CTAs) are in vitro methods used in the preliminary assessment of the carcinogenic potential of substances. CTAs are promising tests for cosmetic, food, and pharma companies because they are not only quick‐and‐cheap, but also able to reduce animal‐based testing. An assay has the simple structure of a randomized one‐way experiment, where the experimental factor is defined by 5 increasing concentrations. Different families of distributions have been proposed to evaluate the effect of a substance on counts of Type III foci, but all models proposed so far do not consider differences in the number of viable cells and in the total number of foci occurring among Petri dishes. In this article, a Bayesian structural causal model is proposed to distinguish total, direct, and indirect effects of a carcinogen in CTA experiments. The recommended sample size is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation given the type of effect and the magnitude to detect. An informative joint prior distribution on parameters elicited for BALB/c 3T3 CTAs is exploited to obtain the posterior distribution from each simulated dataset.
A multilevel structural equation model for assessing a drug effect on a patient‐reported outcome measure in on‐demand medication data
Authors: Kessels Rob , Moerbeek Mirjam , Bloemers Jos , van der Heijden Peter G.M.
Published: July 2021

We analyze data from a clinical trial investigating the effect of an on‐demand drug for women with low sexual desire. These data consist of a varying number of measurements/events across patients of when the drug was taken, including data on a patient‐reported outcome consisting of five items measuring an unobserved construct (latent variable). Traditionally, these data are aggregated prior to analysis by composing one sum score per event and averaging this sum score over all observed events. In this paper, we explain the drawbacks of this aggregating approach. One drawback is that these averages have different standard errors because the variance of the underlying events differs between patients and because the number of events per patient differs. Another drawback is the implicit assumption that all items have equal weight in relation to the latent variable being measured. We propose a multilevel structural equation model, treating the events (level 1) as nested observations within patients (level 2), as alternative analysis method to overcome these drawbacks. The model we apply includes a factor model measuring a latent variable at the level of the event and at the level of the patient. Then, in the same model, the latent variables are regressed on covariates to assess the drug effect. We discuss the inferences obtained about the efficacy of the on‐demand drug using our proposed model. We further illustrate how to test for measurement invariance across grouping covariates and levels using the same model.
Rejoinder for discussions on correct and logical causal inference for binary and time‐to‐event outcomes in randomized controlled trials
Authors: Liu Yi , Wang Bushi , Tian Hong , Hsu Jason C.
Published: July 2021

Our paper differs from previous literature in two ways:

We think in terms of clinical consequences, what benefits patients, what harms patients. Our main message is: using a not logic‐respecting efficacy measure can potentially harm patients in a randomized controlled trial (RCT), as we prove analytically, and demonstrate with the OAK blood‐based tumor mutational burden (bTMB) study.

We follow nature, which mixes effects within each treatment arm. Our secondary message is that following nature to mix within each treatment arm first before calculating any efficacy measure between treatments resolves issues. For example, following natural mixing to prove ratio of time is logic‐respecting avoids the issue that weights of efficacy measures are implicit solution to an equation that depends on the unknown prognostic effect. More importantly, coding subgroup mixable estimation (SEM) by mixing within each treatment arm first and then calculating efficacy will make marginal and conditional efficacy agree, for logic‐respecting efficacy measures (be it a ratio or a difference), no matter the outcome is continuous, binary, or time‐to‐event. One does not have to choose between marginal and conditional.
Fluorescence and crystal structure of SrLa1−xAlO4:xEu3+ phosphor synthesized using a sol–gel method
Authors: Yan Mei , Yue Cheng , Pu Yong , Zhu Dachuan , Yan Qun
Published: July 2021

The SrLa1−xAlO4:xEu3+ phosphors were obtained using one calcination of a precursor synthesized using a sol–gel method. When excited at 396 nm, this phosphor emits a red light mixed with several strong peaks centred at 596 nm, 616 nm and 625 nm, attributed to 5D0→7F1, 2 transitions of Eu3+ ions, respectively. The concentration quenching occurs at x = 1.5 mol% mol of SrLa1−xEuxAlO4 and the critical energy transfer distance is calculated to be 13.13 Å, the dipole–dipole interaction was found to play a role. In addition, the colour purity could be up to 97.5%. Simultaneously, the thermal stability of SrLaAlO4:Eu3+ was measured and the thermal quenching was found at c. 275°C (T0.5), the excitation energy was 0.19 eV. Current results demonstrate that SrLaAlO4:Eu3+ could be a red component candidate for white light LEDs pumped by near‐UV chips.
Targeting molecular signal transduction pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma and its implications for cancer therapy
Authors: Mir Ishfaq Hassan , Guha Shreyoshi , Behera Jajnasenee , Thirunavukkarasu Chinnasamy
Published: July 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a substantial health concern. It is currently the third dominating cause of mortality associated with cancer worldwide. The development of hepatocellular carcinoma is an intricate process that encompasses the impairment of genetic, epigenetic, and signal transduction mechanisms contributing to an aberrant metabolic system, enabling tumorigenesis. Throughout the past decade, research has led to the revelation of molecular pathways implicated in the progression of this notorious disorder. The altered signal transduction pathways, such as the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway, phosphoinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, WNT/β‐catenin pathway, hepatocyte growth factor/c‐MET pathway, and just another kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway is of much therapeutic significance, as targeting them may avail to revert, retard or avert hepatocarcinogenesis. The present review article sums up the contemporary knowledge of such signaling mechanisms, including their therapeutic targets and betokens that novel and efficacious therapies can be developed only by the keen understanding of their character in hepatocarcinogenesis. In additament, we address the role of consequential therapeutic agents and preclinical nondrug therapies known for combating hepatocarcinogenesis.
Health‐promoting effect of tofus prepared with mung bean and soybean
Authors: Han Inhwa , Na Sumi
Published: July 2021

Background and objectives

Mung bean is a nutritious legume rich in proteins, vitamins, and minerals but low in lipid and diverse health‐promoting effects of that were known. This study prepared tofu with mung bean and soybean to incorporate the health‐promoting effect of mung bean into tofu and to extend diversity of food products of mung bean.

Findings

Flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of tofus prepared with mung bean and soybean increased significantly with the addition of mung bean. Meanwhile, total phenolic content and ABTS radical scavenging activity were not significantly different among tofus, and reducing power was higher in tofu made with only mung bean than the other tofus. α‐Glucosidase inhibitory activity was the highest in the tofu with only soybean and decreased with the dosage of mung bean. Tofus with mung bean was more effect to improve cell viability and to reduce nitric oxide production ratio than that with only soybean.

Conclusions

The health‐promoting effects examined in this study were enhanced or similar in tofus with mung bean compared to that with soybean except α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. This result implies that mung bean could be a good source for healthy food and useful ingredient to enhance the effect of diverse food products including tofu.

Significance and novelty

The health‐promoting effect of tofu with mung bean was rarely reported. The result of this study is obvious proof of the health benefit of mung bean resulting the promotion of mung bean consumption.
Palatine tonsil metastasis of cecal mixed neuroendocrine‐non‐neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN): A unique case
Authors: Tsakiraki Zoi , Delides Alexander , Damaskou Vasileia , Psarogiorgou Sofia , Athanasiadis Ilias , Spathis Aris , Giotakis Evangelos , Panayiotides Ioannis G.
Published: July 2021

This case demonstrates the importance of understanding that patients with malignant neoplasms may exhibit metastases in unexpected sites and illustrates the necessity of a thorough clinical examination and pathologic correlation.
Daunorubicin induced Stevens‐Johnson syndrome: A case report
Authors: Shakya Preeti , Sharma Nepal Amit
Published: July 2021

Clinicians should consider the possible association of Daunorubicin with Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), administer it with caution and promptly evaluate all subsequently developing cutaneous reactions with a high index of suspicion for Stevens‐Johnson syndrome.
SARS‐CoV‐2 and guttate psoriasis: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Ali Elrazi , Mohamed Abdelaziz , Abuodeh Joud , Albuni Mhd Kutaiba , Al‐Mannai Najlaa , Salameh Sarah , Petkar Mahir , Habas Elmukhtar
Published: July 2021

Guttate psoriasis is a rare dermatological presentation of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and is seen mainly in patients with an underlying disease psoriasis.
Batch Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Light Gasoil over a Bimetallic Nanocatalyst
Authors: Abdulateef Layth T. , Nawaf Amer T. , Al-Janabi Omer Yasin Thayee , Foot Peter J. S. , Mahmood Qahtan A.
Published: July 2021

A novel AgO/ZnO/HY‐zeolite bimetallic nanocatalyst was designed and synthesized by an impregnation method. The purpose of this nanocatalyst was to remove dibenzothiophene as the primary sulfur content from a model light gasoil in a catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process. The characteristics of the synthesized nanocatalyst were determined by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The ODS study revealed high sulfur conversion under optimal ODS reaction conditions and very good reusability of the catalyst after recycling five times.
Binding Sites, Vibrations and Spin‐Lattice Relaxation Times in Europium(II)‐Based Metallofullerene Spin Qubits
Authors: Hu Ziqi , Ullah Aman , Prima‐Garcia Helena , Chin Sang‐Hyun , Wang Yuanyuan , Aragó Juan , Shi Zujin , Gaita‐Ariño Alejandro , Coronado Eugenio
Published: July 2021

To design molecular spin qubits with enhanced quantum coherence, a control of the coupling between the local vibrations and the spin states is crucial, which could be realized in principle by engineering molecular structures via coordination chemistry. To this end, understanding the underlying structural factors that govern the spin relaxation is a central topic. Here, we report the investigation of the spin dynamics in a series of chemically designed europium(II)‐based endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs). By introducing a unique structural difference, i. e. metal‐cage binding site, while keeping other molecular parameters constant between different complexes, these manifest the key role of the three low‐energy metal‐displacing vibrations in mediating the spin‐lattice relaxation times (T1). The temperature dependence of T1 can thus be normalized by the frequencies of these low energy vibrations to show an unprecedentedly universal behavior for EMFs in frozen CS2 solution. Our theoretical analysis indicates that this structural difference determines not only the vibrational rigidity but also spin‐vibration coupling in these EMF‐based qubit candidates.
Design of Stimuli‐Responsive Dynamic Covalent Delivery Systems for Volatile Compounds (Part 1): Controlled Hydrolysis of Micellar Amphiphilic Imines in Water
Authors: Lutz Eric , Moulin Emilie , Tchakalova Vera , Benczédi Daniel , Herrmann Andreas , Giuseppone Nicolas
Published: July 2021

Despite their intrinsic hydrolysable character, imine bonds can become remarkably stable in water when self‐assembled in amphiphilic micellar structures. In this work, we systematically studied some of these structures and the influence of various parameters that can be used to take control of their hydrolysis, including pH, concentration, the position of the imine function in the amphiphilic structure, relative lengths of the linked hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. Thermodynamic and kinetic data led us to the rational design of stable imines in water, partly based on the location of the imine function within the hydrophobic part of the amphiphile and on a predictable quantitative term that we define as the total hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB). In addition, we show that such stable systems are also stimuli‐responsive and therefore, of potential interest in trapping and releasing micellar components on demand.
Type‐II Clathrate Na24‐δGe136 from a Redox‐Preparation Route
Authors: Feng Xian‐Juan , Bobnar Matej , Lerch Swantje , Biller Harry , Schmidt Marcus , Baitinger Michael , Strassner Thomas , Grin Yuri , Böhme Bodo
Published: July 2021

The metastable type‐II clathrate Na24‐δGe136 was obtained from Na12Ge17 by applying a two‐step procedure. At first, Na12Ge17 was reacted at 70 °C with a solution of benzophenone in the ionic liquid (IL) 1,3‐dibutyl‐2‐methylimidazolium‐bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) azanide. The IL was inert towards Na12Ge17, but capable of dissolving the sodium salts formed in the redox reaction. By annealing at 340 °C under an argon atmosphere, the X‐ray amorphous intermediate product was transformed to crystalline Na24‐δGe136 (δ≈2) and α‐Ge in an about 1 : 1 mass ratio. The product was characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, chemical analysis, and 23Na solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. Metallic properties of Na24‐δGe136 were revealed by a significant Knight shift of the 23Na NMR signals and by a Pauli‐paramagnetic contribution to the magnetic susceptibility. At room temperature, Na24‐δGe136 slowly ages, with a tendency to volume decrease and sodium loss.
Assessing the calibration of subdistribution hazard models in discrete time
Authors: Berger Moritz , Schmid Matthias
Published: July 2021

The generalization performance of a risk prediction model can be evaluated by its calibration, which measures the agreement between predicted and observed outcomes on external validation data. Here, we propose methods for assessing the calibration of discrete time‐to‐event models in the presence of competing risks. Specifically, we consider the class of discrete subdistribution hazard models, which directly relate the cumulative incidence function of one event of interest to a set of covariates. We apply the methods to a prediction model for the development of nosocomial pneumonia. Simulation studies show that the methods are strong tools for calibration assessment even in scenarios with a high censoring rate and/or a large number of discrete time points.
Insights Into the Mechanism of Energy Transfer with Poly(Heptazine Imide)s in a Deoximation Reaction
Authors: Galushchinskiy Alexey , ten Brummelhuis Katharina , Antonietti Markus , Savateev Aleksandr
Published: July 2021

Following our previous studies on potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K‐PHI), that is, catalyzed photooxidative [3+2] aldoxime‐to‐nitrile addition to form 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles, we discovered that electron‐rich oximes yield the parent aldehydes instead of target products. In this work, the mechanism of this singlet oxygen‐mediated deoximation process was established using a series of control reactions and spectroscopic measurements such as steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence quenching experiments. Additionally, the singlet‐triplet energy gap value was obtained for K‐PHI in suspension, and the reaction scope was broadened to include ketoximes.
Optimizing selection indices in sugarcane seedlings
Authors: Yang Kun , Jackson Phillip Andrew , Wei Xianming , Wu Cai Wen , Qing Wei , Zhao Jun , Yao Li , Zhao Liping , Zhao Yong , Zhao Peifang , Chen Xuekuan , Liu Jiayong , Li Fu‐qing
Published: July 2021

Selection of superior clones in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) breeding programs follows a multistage process, starting in the first stage with selection of seedlings grown from seeds obtained from crosses. Effective selection of seedlings is important but notoriously difficult. Selection validity is affected by experimental error variation and interplant competition effects and is also complicated by the need to consider many different traits that affect economic value of cultivars (e.g., cane yield, sugar content, fiber content, disease resistance, etc.). In this study, we developed an optimized protocol for selection of sugarcane seedlings that balances the desire to maximize genetic gains but also be cost and labor efficient. A population of seedlings in commercial sugarcane breeding programs was first evaluated in a field trial (Stage 1). A subset of the population was then taken at random and grown in a subsequent trial (Stage 2) for evaluation in small plots. Minor modifications to application of the complete selection index that would greatly reduce labor requirements but have only a small impact on reducing genetic gains were then explored, to identify optimal selection protocols for routine application in commercial breeding programs. A procedure is recommended for routine selection of seedlings that involves (a) selection of families based on an index of four traits (stalk diameter, stalk height, trashiness, and pith rating, all derived from measurements of a small sample of seedlings in each family), followed by (b) sequential measurement and culling of individual seedlings in each selected family based on (in order) trashiness, stalk diameter, and pith rating.
Reading the Digital Muslim Romance
Authors: Izharuddin Alicia
Published: July 2021

This article considers the practices of social formation on the online self‐publishing platform Wattpad. Interactive and interfaced with other social media, Wattpad was founded in 2006 by Allen Lau and Ivan Yuen to facilitate self‐publishing by well‐known and emerging authors alike. Wattpad is popular among Malay readers and authors in Malaysia with stories clocking up millions of reads each. Most stories are aimed at women readers and preoccupied with themes of love and romance. However, this article turns its attention to the much‐read Wattpad stories about forced marriage and romantic Islamic masculinity, the kinds of affordances Wattpad provides for Malay language authors and their readership, and the reading publics they cultivate. This article frames Wattpad as an archive of affect for vernacular religious engagement that mirrors the alternative spaces that women occupy as digital labourers and as agents of religious knowledge. It shows that digital spaces are affective spaces as much as they are domains that replicate and rewrite sharia‐compliant gendered and religious relations offline.
Emerging Islamic Representations in the Cambodian Muslim Social Media Scene: Complex Divides and Muted Debates
Authors: Pall Zoltan , Pereiro Alberto Pérez
Published: July 2021

This article explores the characteristics and structure of the Cambodian Muslim social media scene and considers what they tell us about the sociopolitical setting of the country's Muslim minority. It focuses on how the relationship between Islamic actors of the Cambodian Muslim minority, that is, groups, movements and institutions, and their offline environment shape their online representations and proselytization activities. It particularly considers the observation that theological debate is almost absent in this Islamic social media scene compared to that of other Southeast Asian Muslim societies and attempts to find answers to the question of why this is the case. The article particularly examines the Facebook pages of various Islamic groups and explains the sociopolitical factors and language politics that inform the ways in which they formulate the contents and style of their posts. It shows how the close connections between the political and the religious fields in an authoritarian setting, where the state strongly discourages social discord, have the effect of largely muting debates on social media.
Ambivalence, Discontent, and Divides in Southeast Asia's Islamic Digital Realms: An Introduction
Authors: Slama Martin , Hoesterey James Bourk
Published: July 2021

This introductory article to the special issue Ambivalence, Discontent, and Divides in Southeast Asia's Islamic Digital Realms discusses the latest transformations in the field of Islam in Southeast Asia with a particular focus on digital media. It introduces the three key themes – ambivalence, discontent, divides – through which the special issue approaches contemporary socioreligious phenomena in Islamic Southeast Asia as they find their expressions online, often in close relation with offline dynamics. This approach allows this special issue to uncover the possibilities and predicaments afforded by engagement with digital and social media across Islamic Southeast Asia, understanding the latter as the locus of complex contestations, unanticipated affect, and poignant uncertainty. This introduction points to such un‐ or underexplored phenomena that considerably add to our understanding of religious and sociopolitical developments in contemporary Southeast Asia. The articles are introduced by highlighting how they contribute to our understanding of a broad mosaic of Islamic digital realms and how the latter have become sites of ambivalence, discontent, and divides. From Sufis to Salafis, masculinities to queer identities, and serious theologies to ludic critique, the case studies of this special issue devote special attention to the ambiguity, uneasiness, and division that marks Muslim engagement with digital domains across Southeast Asia.
Spatial and seasonal patterns of fish assemblages in mountain streams of the Ren River, southwest China
Authors: Liu Fei , Lin Pengcheng , Liu Huanzhang , Wang Jun
Published: July 2021

The spatial–temporal patterns of fish assemblages in lotic systems can provide useful information in developing effective conservation measures. This study aimed to explore the spatial and seasonal changes in fish assemblages and their association with environmental factors in mountain streams of the Ren River, southwest China. Field investigations were conducted at 18 sites during the rainy and dry seasons in 2017. A total of 1,330 individuals, belonging to three orders, eight families, 19 genera, and 21 species, were collected. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed that the structure of fish assemblages varied significantly at the spatial scale, but not at the seasonal scale. In low‐order sites, fish assemblages were mainly dominated by cold‐water and rheophilic species (e.g., Rhynchocypris oxycephalus, Scaphesthes macrolepis, Metahomaloptera omeiensis, and Gnathopogon herzensteini), while those in high‐order sites were predominated by warm‐water and eurytopic or stagnophilic species (e.g., Squalidus argentatus, Hemiculter leucisculus, and Zacco platypus). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the fish assemblages were structured by a combination of large‐scale landscape factors (e.g., altitude and C‐link) and small‐scale habitat features (e.g., channel width, water temperature, and depth). Among these factors, landscape had the greatest influence on fish assemblages, while local habitat variables were less important or were only significant in certain seasons.
Enzyme Free Electrochemiluminescence Sensor of Histamine Based on Graphite‐carbon Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: Mesgari Fazeleh , Salehnia Foad , Beigi Sepideh Mohammad , Hosseini Morteza , Ganjali Mohammad Reza
Published: July 2021

The determination of histamine as one of the most important seafood poisoning compounds is essential nowadays. This paper reports a simple novel ECL sensor with g−C3N4 nanosheets (NSs) as an effective signal probe for the measurement of histamine without using any enzymatic reactions or complicated modifications. The ECL response of the sensor was linearly proportional to the concentration of histamine ranging from 1.0×10−7 to 7.5×10−4 mol/L, with a detection limit of 4.30×10−8 mol/L (R2=0.98401). The relative standard deviation (RSD) in repeatability and reproducibility tests were calculated to be 4.7 % and 3.6 % respectively. The presented sensor was successfully applied to the determination of histamine in canned tuna fish samples where it gave recoveries that ranged from 99.72 % to 101.96 % indicating that the method presented here is sensitive with high precision and is expected to have significant potential applications in clinical and the freshness quality of seafood.
Experimental and model validation of a phase change material heat exchanger integrated into a real building
Authors: Triscari Gabriele , Santovito Michele , Bressan Maurizio , Papurello Davide
Published: July 2021

Latent heat thermal energy storages (LHTES) are a promising technology with a wide range of applications in the framework of energy efficiency improvement. Phase change materials provide a big storage capacity, but their thermal conductivities are always extremely low. The use of finned tube heat exchangers is nowadays the best solution to enhance PCMs thermal performances. This allows significant charging and discharging rates. The major challenge concerns the balance between thermal performances and high material costs. A proper design of the heat transfer surfaces is essential to limit the system overall cost. Two different heat exchangers solutions, with radial and longitudinal fins are here examined. The design of the LHTES is performed by deploying a simplified FEM numerical model specifically developed for the application. A validation procedure based on laboratory tests with a small LHTES prototype was also carried out. The obtained results confirmed the reliability of the numerical model and justify its adoption as a tool for the design phase. The FEM model allows to effectively simulate the system thermal behaviour and assess the impact of the different HEX geometrical parameters on thermal performances. Based on this information it was possible to perform the optimization of the heat transfer surfaces and to derive the best heat exchanger layout in terms of material usage. The results showed that the solution with longitudinal fins is the most efficient, with 215 kg of steel less required for the realization of the finned heat exchanger.
Profiles and interrelationships of functional soil microbiomes involved in phosphorus cycling in diversified agricultural land‐use systems
Authors: Li Minghui , Hu Junli , Lin Xiangui
Published: July 2021

Soil microbiomes play important roles in both transformation and utilization of phosphorus (P) in agroecosystems. By targeting at 18S rRNA, pqqC, and phoD genes, respectively, the community compositions of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and inorganic P‐solubilizing and organic P‐mineralizing prokaryotes were investigated across fields with annual crops or vegetables and orchards with peach trees or tea bushes in a common Agri‐technology Park, representing four typical agricultural land‐use types in Eastern China. Both annual crop and vegetable fields exhibited higher soil fertility and phosphatase activity, while both peach tree and tea bush orchards contained greater abundances of AM fungal and pqqC genes. Land‐use type also significantly affected the community compositions of soil AM fungi, and pqqC‐ and phoD‐harboring prokaryotes, with soil available P as the common driver for all functional groups above. Three main ecological clusters (modules) with distinctive interactive features, that is, synergistic, competitive, and inactive were observed in the co‐occurrence network comprised of the three groups involved in P‐cycling. The modules exhibited various distributions among the four land‐use types, and the correlations with soil pH, available P and K, and N:P were shown. Altogether, the results demonstrated the changes in gene abundances, diversity indices, community compositions, and interrelationships of functional groups involved in P‐cycling in response to distinct land‐use types, and highlighting the synergistic potential among groups to alleviate P deficiency.
Review on heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of perfumery chemicals via isomerization, acetalization and hydrogenation
Authors: Hartati  , Firda Putri Bintang Dea , Bahruji Hasliza , Bakar Mohd Bakri
Published: July 2021

Synthetic fragrance has dominated the perfumery industry in recent decades due to the ability to produce perfumery ingredients on a large scale at a low cost. Extensive research in the field of synthetic perfumery chemical involved the utilization of catalysts to improve the productivity. This review will discuss recent advances of heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of perfumery chemicals as fragrance ingredients. Transition from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysts will be included in order to provide insight into the benefits of heterogeneous catalysts to overcome the limitation of homogeneous reaction. Isomerization, acetalization and hydrogenation were identified as three main reactions for the synthesis of perfumery chemicals based on the number of reported work since 2000. This review will focus on α‐pinene and α‐pinene oxide as the main molecular substrates, however, different molecules, for example, linalool, citronellal and cinnamaldehyde will also be included. The synthesis, modification and possible mechanisms for the reactions involving zeolite, aluminosilicate, metal oxides, metal organic framework, monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalysts will be discussed. Discussion on isomerization and acetalization reactions will focus on the acidity and the porosity of the catalysts as the two main factors that determine the conversion and selectivity. For perfumery chemicals produced via hydrogenation reaction, the role of monometallic and bimetallic nanoparticles catalysts will be discussed in the chemoselective reduction of cinnamaldehyde and citronellal.
Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 as a novel regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation in the central nervous system remyelination
Authors: Uyeda Akiko , Quan Lili , Kato Yuki , Muramatsu Nagaaki , Tanabe Shogo , Sakai Kazuhisa , Ichinohe Noritaka , Kawahara Yukio , Suzuki Tatsunori , Muramatsu Rieko
Published: July 2021

Remyelination is a regenerative process that restores the lost neurological function and partially depends on oligodendrocyte differentiation. Differentiation of oligodendrocytes spontaneously occurs after demyelination, depending on the cell intrinsic mechanisms. By combining a loss‐of‐function genomic screen with a web‐resource‐based candidate gene identification approach, we identified that dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) is a novel regulator of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Silencing DDAH1 in oligodendrocytes prevented the expression of myelin basic protein in mouse oligodendrocyte culture with the change in expression of genes annotated with oligodendrocyte development. DDAH1 inhibition attenuated spontaneous remyelination in a cuprizone‐induced demyelinated mouse model. Conversely, increased DDAH1 expression enhanced remyelination capacity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These results provide a novel therapeutic option for demyelinating diseases by modulating DDAH1 activity.
Simple, but effective: Nasal splinting for airway securement in free flap reconstruction following orbital exenteration
Authors: Rauchenwald Tina , Dejaco Daniel , Henninger Benjamin , Morandi Evi M. , Pülzl Petra , Pierer Gerhard , Riechelmann Herbert , Wolfram Dolores
Published: July 2021

Orbital exenteration is a disfiguring procedure that often results in free tissue transfer for reconstructive purposes. The reconstructive focus is the obliteration of dead space while sparing the nasal airway, particularly if the medial orbital wall was resected. Prolapse of transferred tissue into the nasal airway may cause breathing difficulties drastically compromising quality of life. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of temporary nasal septum splints as mechanical support for transferred tissue, to prevent airway obstruction. This novel application technique was employed in three patients between 2017 and 2018. No flap loss or sino‐orbital fistulas were observed. On postoperative MRI and endoscopy, a patent nasal airway was observed at all times. Temporary nasal splinting in combination with free tissue transfer proved to be a simple, but effective reconstructive option for securing the nasal airway following orbital exenteration with resection of the medial orbital wall.
Tissue‐Specific Regulation of Ferroportin in Wild‐Type and Hjv‐/‐ Mice Following Dietary Iron Manipulations
Authors: Katsarou Angeliki , Gkouvatsos Konstantinos , Fillebeen Carine , Pantopoulos Kostas
Published: July 2021

Hepcidin is a liver‐derived peptide hormone that limits iron egress from tissues to the bloodstream. It operates by binding to the iron exporter ferroportin, which blocks iron transport and tags ferroportin for degradation. Genetic hepcidin inactivation leads to hereditary hemochromatosis, a disease of iron overload. We used wild‐type and Hjv‐/‐ mice, a model of hemochromatosis, to examine the expression of ferroportin and other proteins of iron metabolism in hepcidin target tissues. The animals were previously subjected to dietary iron manipulations. In Hjv‐/‐ mice, hepcidin messenger RNA correlated significantly with hepatic iron load (r = 0.8211, P < 0.001), but was substantially lower compared with wild‐type controls. Duodenal ferroportin and divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), as well as splenic and hepatic ferroportin, were overexpressed in these animals. A high‐iron diet (2% carbonyl iron) suppressed duodenal DMT1 levels in both wild‐type and Hjv‐/‐ mice; however, it did not affect duodenal ferroportin expression in Hjv‐/‐ mice, and only reduced it in wild‐type mice. In contrast, the high‐iron diet decreased splenic ferroportin exclusively in Hjv‐/‐ mice, whereas it induced hepatic ferroportin exclusively in wild‐type mice. Conclusion: Our data show that dietary iron differentially affects ferroportin expression in mouse tissues and are consistent with hepcidin‐dependent and hepcidin‐independent mechanisms for ferroportin regulation. In the Hjv‐/‐ mouse model of hemochromatosis, duodenal ferroportin remains unresponsive to iron but DMT1 is appropriately iron‐regulated.
Ethnic, socio‐economic and geographic inequities in maternal health service coverage in Australia
Authors: Fox Haylee , Topp Stephanie M. , Lindsay Daniel , Callander Emily
Published: July 2021

Background

Disparities in health service use exist in many sectors of Australia's health system, particularly affecting the most vulnerable people in the population, who are typically those with the greatest healthcare needs. Understanding patterns of health service coverage is critical for acknowledging the underlying, systemic drivers including racialised practices that inhibit the uptake of health services for certain population groups. This study aims to determine whether there are disparities in health service utilisation between socioeconomic, geographic and ethnic groups of mothers who experience hypertension, diabetes and mental health conditions.

Methods

This study utilised a linked administrative healthcare dataset containing data of all mothers who gave birth in Queensland, Australia, between 2012 and 2015 (n = 186,789), plus their resultant babies (n = 189,909). The study compared health service utilisation for mothers with maternal health conditions between population groups.

Results

The results of this study showed a broad trend of inequitable health service utilisation, with mothers who experienced the greatest healthcare needs—First Nations, rural and remote and socio‐economically disadvantaged mothers—being less likely to access health services and in some cases when care was accessed, fewer services being utilised during the perinatal period.

Conclusion

Access to health care during the perinatal period is a reflection of Australia's general health system strengths and weaknesses, in particular a failure of the government to translate national and state policy intent into acceptable and accessible care in rural and remote areas, for First Nations women and for mothers experiencing socio‐economic disadvantage.
Exploring the pandemic's potential effects on workers' collectivist values, prosocial behaviors, and attitudes toward mistreatment
Authors: Li Ning , Liao Huiyao , Pan Jingzhou , Harris T. Brad
Published: July 2021

The global COVID‐19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the way we live and work in the short‐term, but history suggests that the crisis may also exert deeper, longer‐lasting effects. With the aim of providing preliminary insight into this possibility, we theoretically construct and empirically test hypotheses for how exposure to COVID‐19 stimuli (e.g., reading or watching media coverage, observing relief efforts) relates to the deep‐seated values that guide workers' attitudes and behaviors. Specifically, we build from prior work to posit that exposure to COVID‐19 stimuli is positively associated with workers' self‐transcendent prosocial values, which motivate prosocial behaviors directed toward society as a whole (i.e., charitable donations) and coworkers (i.e., helping). Extend the extant literature, we further argue that exposure to COVID‐19 stimuli will be positively associated with conservation values emphasizing self‐restraint, submission, protection of order, and harmony in relations, which in turn influences workers' willingness to tolerate mistreatment by authorities (i.e., abusive supervision, authoritarian leadership, exploitation). Evidence from 2,929 full‐time Chinese employees tracked for nearly 2 months and a diverse sample of 310 workers in the United States generally support our arguments, but also provide insight into potential cultural nuances.
Occupational insecticide exposure and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: A pooled case‐control study from the InterLymph Consortium
Authors: De Roos Anneclaire J. , Schinasi Leah H. , Miligi Lucia , Cerhan James R. , Bhatti Parveen , ‘t Mannetje Andrea , Baris Dalsu , Benavente Yolanda , Benke Geza , Clavel Jacqueline , Casabonne Delphine , Fritschi Lin , Hofmann Jonathan N. , Huynh Tran , Monnereau Alain , Piro Sara , Slager Susan L. , Vajdic Claire M. , Wang Sophia S. , Zhang Yawei , Bernstein Leslie , Cocco Pierluigi
Published: July 2021

Evidence for the human health effects of pesticides is needed to inform risk assessment. We studied the relationship between occupational insecticide use and risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) by pooling data from nine case‐control studies participating in the InterLymph Consortium, including 7909 cases and 8644 controls from North America, the European Union and Australia. Insecticide use was coded using self‐report or expert assessment, for insecticide groups (eg, organophosphates, pyrethroids) and active ingredients (eg, malathion, permethrin). Associations with insecticides were estimated using logistic regression to produce odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all NHL and NHL subtypes, with adjustment for study site, demographic factors and use of other pesticides. Occupational insecticide use, overall, was not associated with risk of NHL. Use of organophosphate insecticides was associated with increased risk of all NHL and the subtype follicular lymphoma, and an association was found with diazinon, in particular (ever use: OR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.24‐3.37). The carbamate insecticide, carbaryl, was associated with risk of all NHL, and the strongest associations were found with T‐cell NHL for ever‐use (OR = 2.44, 95%CI: 1.13‐5.28) and longer duration (>8 years vs never: OR = 2.90, 95%CI: 1.02‐8.25). There was no association of NHL with other broad groups of insecticides, including organochlorines and pyrethroids, and some inverse associations were estimated in relation to historical DDT use. Our findings contribute to the totality of evidence available to help inform risk decisions by public health and regulatory agencies of importance given continued, widespread use of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.