bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mbt/PAK4 together with SRC modulates N-Cadherin adherens junctions in the developingDrosophilaeye
Authors: Pütz Stephanie M.
Published: March 2019

Tissue morphogenesis is accompanied by changes of adherens junctions (AJ). During Drosophila eye development, AJ reorganization includes the formation of isolated N-Cadherin AJ between photoreceptors R3/R4. Little is known about how these N-Cadherin AJ are established and maintained. This study focuses on the kinases Mbt/PAK4 and SRC, both known to alter E-Cadherin AJ across phyla. Drosophila p21-activated kinase Mbt and the non-receptor tyrosine kinases Src64 and Src42 regulate proper N-Cadherin AJ. N-Cadherin AJ elongation depends on SRC kinase activity. Cell culture experiments demonstrate binding of both Drosophila SRC isoforms to N-Cadherin and its subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, Mbt stabilizes but does not bind N-Cadherin in vitro. Mbt is required in R3/R4 for zipping the N-Cadherin AJ between these cells, independent of its kinase activity and Cdc42-binding. The mbt phenotype can be reverted by mutations in Src64 and Src42. Because Mbt neither directly binds to SRC proteins nor has a reproducible influence on their kinase activity, the conclusion is that Mbt and SRC signaling converge on N-Cadherin. N-Cadherin AJ formation during eye development requires a proper balance between the promoting effects of Mbt and the inhibiting influences of SRC kinases.
Protocol: New approaches to managing the social deficits of Turner Syndrome using the PEERS program
Authors: Wolstencroft Jeanne , Mandy William , Skuse David
Published: March 2019

Turner Syndrome (TS) is a sex chromosome aneuploidy (45,X) associated with social skill difficulties. Recent clinical care guidelines recommend that the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS) social skills intervention programme be trialled in this population. PEERS has been successfully used in adolescents with autism spectrum conditions without intellectual disabilities. The PEERS program will be piloted with adolescents and young women with TS aged 16-20 using an uncontrolled study trial with a multiple-case series design. The program will be delivered face to face and online. The assessment battery is designed to measure social skills comprehensively from diverse informants (parent, teacher young person). It includes measures of social performance, social knowledge and social cognition. Parents and young people taking part in the intervention will also feedback on the acceptability and feasibility of the pilot. The outcomes of this small scale pilot (n=6-10) will be used to adapt the programme based on feedback and estimate the sample for a future randomised controlled trial.
Recent advances in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Garg Ravi , Biller José
Published: March 2019

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a stroke subtype associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on important research on ICH over the past three years. Topics covered include risk factors, imaging predictors of hematoma expansion, scoring schema to predict hematoma expansion, hemostatic therapies, acute blood pressure lowering, intraventricular administration of alteplase for intraventricular hemorrhage, and the current status of surgical therapies.
Comparative antimicrobial studies on plant species known as ’Pasak Bumi': Eurycoma longifolia Jack., Rennelia elliptica Korth. and Trivalvaria macrophylla miq.
Authors: Kuspradini Harlinda , Silau Sisilia , Supartini Supartini , Rosamah Enih ,   ICTROPS
Published: March 2019

Pasak Bumi is a local name for a medicinal plant in Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is a famous medicinal plant and commonly used in traditional medicine as an aphrodisiac, as well as in the treatment of malaria. Pasak Bumi is a commercial name for Eurycoma longifolia (Simaroubaceae) plant species. Besides Eurycoma longifolia there are two other plant species also known locally as Pasak Bumi, Rennelia elliptica (Rubiaceae) and Trivalvaria macrophylla (Annonaceae). This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial activities of the different species of Pasak Bumi and its total phenol contents. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was determined using the Agar Well Diffusion method at various concentrations while the phenol content was determined by the Folin - Ciocalteu method. The results of the ethanol extract from the different root showed that the T. macrophylla had the highest phenol content, and the highest activity index (AI) was found in the E. longifolia (0.96 at 1000 µg concentration). The results of this study show that the three different Pasak Bumi have potential as antimicrobials against oral pathogen; 1 yeast: Candida albicans, and 3 bacterias: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sobrinus.
Highly Efficient Clinical Trials Simulator (HECT): Software application for planning and simulating platform adaptive trials
Authors: Thorlund Kristian , Golchi Shirin , Haggstrom Jonas , Mills Edward
Published: March 2019

Background: Adaptive designs and platform designs are among two common clinical trial innovations that are increasingly being used to manage medical intervention portfolios and attain faster regulatory approvals. Planning of adaptive and platform trials necessitate simulations to understand how a set of adaptation rules will likely affect the properties of the trial. Clinical trial simulations, however, remain a black box to many clinical trials researchers who are not statisticians.

Results: In this article we introduce a simple intuitive open-source browser-based clinical trial simulator for planning adaptive and platform trials. The software application is implemented in RShiny and features a graphical user interface that allows the user to set key clinical trial parameters and explore multiple scenarios such as varying treatment effects, control response and adherence, as well as number of interim looks and adaptation rules. The software provides simulation options for a number of designs such as dropping treatment arms for futility, adding a new treatment arm (i.e., platform design), and stopping a trial early based on superiority. All available adaptations are based on underlying Bayesian probabilities. The software comes with a number of graphical outputs to examine properties of individual simulated trials. The main output is a comparison of trial design performance across several simulations, graphically summarizing type I error (false positive risk), power, and expected cost/time to completion of the considered designs.

Conclusion: We have developed and validated an intuitive highly efficient clinical trial simulator for planning of clinical trials. The software is open-source and caters to clinical trial investigators who do not have the statistical capacity for trial simulations available in their team. The software can be accessed via any web browser via the following link: https://mtek.shinyapps.io/hect/
Postpartum family planning in Rwanda: a cost effectiveness analysis
Authors: Williams Pamela , Morales Katie , Sridharan Vikram , Tummala Alekya , Marseille Elliot
Published: March 2019

Background: Globally, there is a large unmet need for family planning in the postpartum period: 90% of women in this group want family planning for birth spacing or to avoid unintended pregnancies and stop child bearing once desired family size has been reached. Women spend on average about 30 years, or three-quarters of their reproductive lives, attempting to avoid pregnancy. In total 76% of Rwandan women want family planning postpartum, yet a 26% unmet need remains.

Methods: This cost effectiveness analysis compared the two most frequently-used family planning methods in Rwanda, longer-acting reversible contraception (LARC), injections and subdermal implants, and shorter-acting reversible contraceptives (non-LARC), pills and condoms. Women who do not use contraception postpartum were also represented. A time horizon of 24 months was used to reflect the World Health Organization suggested two-year spacing from birth until the next pregnancy, and the analysis was conducted from a health systems perspective.

Results: For women of reproductive age (12-49 years) in Rwanda, including LARC postpartum family planning methods in the options, saves $18.73 per pregnancy averted, compared to family planning options that offer non-LARC methods exclusively.

Conclusion: $2.8 million US$ per year can be saved if LARC is included as a contraceptive choice across all health centers in Rwanda; this cost savings provides the opportunity for these funds to be allocated to other high value interventions. Potential inclusion of these methods at Rwanda’s faith-based health facilities warrants further attention.
Quantitative Assessment of the Complexity of the Electric and Magnetic Fields Study in Various Physics Textbooks
Authors: Майер Роберт , Mayer Robert
Published: March 2019

Improvement of textbooks and manuals assumes the creation and development of quantitative estimation methods of didactic characteristics of these or those learning material elements. Not small interest is represented by the determination problem of didactic complexity of the educational texts on electrodynamics connected with introduction of the concepts "electric field" and "magnetic field". The research aim is to develop an objective method of quantitative complexity assessment of the physics course issues and the use of this method to determine the complexity of the study of electric and magnetic fields in various textbooks on physics for schools and universities. At this the educational text is considered as a set of sentences, each of which carries a certain idea and consists of “ordinary” words and scientific terms. It is supposed that the sentence complexity is the sum of the complexity of understanding each words (terms). The term complexity can be characterized by the folding coefficient which equal to the number of words in the corresponding concept explanation. To find the text complexity it is necessary to multiply the folding coefficient by the average quantity of words in the sentence. We applied the special computer program which analyzed the file and counted number of the each term uses and summarized their complexities. Thus it addressed to the dictionary-thesaurus, — special file containing a list of terms and folding coefficients corresponding to them. To assess the complexity of the formulas included in the educational text, they are replaced by verbal descriptions, and the resulting file is also analyzed using the computer program. Results of the content analysis of seven paragraphs from various physics textbooks for school and higher education institution are presented in article. They allow us to claim that the developed methodology of the folding coefficient assessment for educational information and complexity of the text is effective and gives the correct results.
Individual Personal Factors of Professional Training of Persons with Disabilities and Limited Opportunities of Health as Competitive Specialists in Adaptive Physical Culture
Authors: Шмелева С. , Shmeleva S. , Логачев Н. , Logachev N. , Бонкало Т. , Bonkalo T.
Published: March 2019

The article contains the results of an empirical research aimed at identifying the factors hindering the successful training of persons with disabilities and disabilities as competitive specialists in adaptive physical culture. An empirical study was conducted for four years at twelve Russian universities that provide professional training for future specialists in adaptive physical culture. The study involved 42 graduate students with disabilities and disabilities and 132 graduate students without deviations in health status. The organizational and methodological basis of the study was a complex of reliable and valid methods aimed at identifying the individual characteristics of their personality. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the individual and personal factors of professional training of persons with disabilities and disabilities as future specialists in adaptive physical culture are the low level of their volitional regulation, due to their orientation towards states and a tendency to fixation on their experiences, the inability to realize their intentions, to really perceive reality, their strengths and weaknesses.
Near-Optimal Bayesian Ambiguity Sets for Distributionally Robust Optimization
Authors: Gupta Vishal
Published: March 2019

We propose a Bayesian framework for assessing the relative strengths of data-driven ambiguity sets in distributionally robust optimization (DRO) when the underlying distribution is defined by a finite-dimensional parameter. The key idea is to measure the relative size between a candidate ambiguity set and a specific asymptotically optimal set. As the amount of data grows large, this asymptotically optimal set is the smallest convex ambiguity set that satisfies a novel Bayesian robustness guarantee that we introduce. This guarantee is defined with respect to a given class of constraints and is a Bayesian analog of more common frequentist feasibility guarantees from the DRO literature. Using this framework, we prove that many popular existing ambiguity sets are significantly larger than the asymptotically optimal set for constraints that are concave in the ambiguity. By contrast, we construct new ambiguity sets that are tractable, satisfy our Bayesian robustness guarantee, and are at most a small, constant factor larger than the asymptotically optimal set; we call these sets Bayesian near-optimal. We further prove that asymptotically, solutions to DRO models with our Bayesian near-optimal sets enjoy strong frequentist robustness properties, despite their smaller size. Finally, our framework yields guidelines for practitioners selecting between competing ambiguity set proposals in DRO. Computational evidence in portfolio allocation using real and simulated data confirms that our framework, although motivated by asymptotic analysis in a Bayesian setting, provides practical insight into the performance of various DRO models with finite data under frequentist assumptions.

This paper was accepted by Yinyu Ye, optimization.
Aplicabilidade dos Exercícios de Vibração de Corpo Inteiro como nova ferramenta da Medicina Veterinária
Authors: Gomes Mayara V. F. , Santos Ivan F. C. , Rahal Sheila C. , Silva Bruna M.
Published: March 2019

As vibrações de corpo inteiro são geradas por dispositivoscapazes de gerar oscilações - plataformas vibratórias. Diversosbenefícios do uso de plataformas vibratórias têm sido descritos,como aumento da força muscular, melhora do desempenhofísico e melhora do equilíbrio e da mobilidade funcional. Avibração de corpo inteiro tem sido estudada e usada em muitasaplicações em seres humanos, existindo apenas alguns estudospublicados sobre vibração de corpo inteiro como modalidadeterapêutica em animais. A presente revisão teve como objetivoresumir os resultados de artigos originais que investigaramos efeitos da vibração de corpo inteiro em animais. Foramutilizados artigos publicados em revistas internacionais emMedicina Veterinária, e foram incluídos pequenos animais,animais de grande porte e animais silvestres. Poucos estudosrelacionados ao uso da vibração de corpo inteiro foramidentificados e as publicações sobre animais silvestres foramescassas. O uso de parâmetros de vibração errados, incluindoa intensidade de vibração, tempo de exposição, amplitude eaceleração, também causa efeitos adversos em animais. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar um protocolo adequado e a eficácia da vibração de corpo inteiro em cada espécie, como também para explorar outras aplicações terapêuticas.Descritores: Plataforma vibratória; Vibrações mecânicas; Veterinária.
Resposta dos aferentes mecanorreceptivos humanos após Vibração de Corpo Inteiro: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Anelise Sonza
Published: March 2019

Introdução: Altos níveis de informação sensorial fazem partedo sistema de feedback sensorial que proporciona o equilíbrioe está relacionado à precisão de tarefas motoras e à regulaçãopostural em seres humanos. Considerando que a vibração docorpo inteiro afeta em parte os receptores sensoriais, é importanteentender essa relação. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisara literatura sobre os efeitos da vibração de corpo inteiro (VCI)na sensibilidade cutânea vibratória e de toque-pressão.Materiais e Métodos: Uma revisão de artigos identificados queutilizaram VCI e mediram seus efeitos sobre receptores cutâneosvibratórios e/ou de toque-pressão para abordar a seguintequestão: A VCI afeta os receptores de vibração e sensibilidadeao toque-pressão? Resultados e Discussão: Os efeitos agudos daVCI em vibração e receptores de pressão de toque mostramque a vibração prejudica sua função temporariamente deforma significativa. A duração das mudanças da VCI (tempode recuperação) é de cerca de 1h para pressão de toque e cercade 2,5h para receptores de vibração. Efeitos da VCI no longoprazo ainda precisam ser investigados.Descritores: Mecanorreceptores; Vibração de corpo inteiro;Sensibilidade cutânea; Vibro-receptores.
Associação entre consumo de álcool, quedas e internação em idosos
Authors: Sequeto Gleiverson S. , Santos Natalia A. , Atalaia-Silva Lilian , Mármora Cláudia Helena C.
Published: March 2019

Introdução: O envelhecimento associado a perdas cognitivas,como velocidade de processamento e tempo de reação, eao alto consumo de álcool aumenta o risco de quedas tendocomo desfecho a internação. Objetivo: Analisar a associaçãoentre o consumo alcoólico de risco e quedas em idosos, relacionandoa incidência de quedas a períodos de internaçõesanteriores verificando diferenças no consumo alcoólico derisco entre homens e mulheres. Materiais e métodos: Estudodo tipo transversal, descritivo, utilizando dados do projetoFIBRA-JF com idosos que declararam consumo de álcool.Foram analisados dois subgrupos (M e F) relacionando oconsumo de risco com quedas e internação por pelo menosuma noite nos últimos doze meses. Resultados: A amostracomposta por 128 idosos que relataram consumir álcool foide 73 mulheres e 55 homens. Os resultados demonstraramque não houve diferença significativa para o consumo derisco de bebidas alcoólicas tanto nos homens (n=16,51%)quanto nas mulheres (n=37,16%) com (p≤0,05). Não houvecorrelação entre consumo de risco e quedas nos homens(p=69,41%), sendo observada diferença estatisticamentesignificativa nas mulheres, com p= 99,55%). Os idosos queconsumiram de 2 a 3 doses por dia sofreram 3 quedas nosúltimos 12 meses e aqueles que consumiram de 4 a 5 doses,sofreram 2 quedas nos últimos 12 meses. O consumo de riscode álcool em homens e mulheres associado à internação porpelo menos uma noite não apresentou relevância estatisticamentesignificativa. Com relação ao número de dosesconsumidas entre homens e mulheres, não se atingiu o nívelde significância estabelecido inicialmente (p=0,07, parap≤0,05), sendo que os homens ingerem maior quantidadede bebidas alcoólicas em relação às mulheres. Conclusões:O consumo de risco de bebidas alcoólicas em idosos podeestar relacionado com maior ocorrência de quedas nestapopulação, principalmente no gênero feminino devido adiversos fatores biológicos. Sendo assim, as mulheres possuemmaior predisposição a sofrer quedas.Descritores: Acidentes por quedas; Alcoolismo;Envelhecimento.
Minimising hospitalisation with telehealth technology
Authors: Turner Christopher
Published: March 2019

New technologies make it possible to remotely monitor patients, allowing them to stay in their home for longer and enabling clinicians to react to real-time clinical data. Christopher Turner outlines the possibilities of these technologies.
Are primary care networks the future of general practice?
Authors: McCutcheon Jonathan
Published: March 2019

The primary care network model appears to be an exciting development that takes into account the whole health economy, with general practice at its foundation with a focus on positive patient outcomes. Does it offer a more efficient way of working?
Synthesis and Electrical, Optical, Electrochemical Properties of Chemically Deposited PbS Thin Films
Authors: Gite A. B.
Published: March 2019

Lead Sulphide (PbS) thin film was deposit by chemical bath deposition (CBD) process on the glass substrate at room temperature for various time intervals. The precursors used for this deposition are lead acetate since as a supply of lead ions (Pb2+) and thiourea the same as the supply of sulfide ions (S2-) with 0.1M concentration. The pH of the mixed precursors solution was maintained at 9.5-10 by addition of drop by drop ammonia very slowly. The cause of deposition time for different hours studied. The influence of deposition time on properties of PbS film was investigated. The color of films appears black-gray after taking out of the bath. The thickness of the film is increased with increase in deposition time. The electrical resistance and resistivity were 500MΩ and 18.75 MΩ-cm and band gap measured as a function of temperature using D.C. four probe methods was 0.3742 eV. The Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), Chronoamperometry were studied by using potentiostat.
Solving Linear Programming Problems with Grey Data
Authors: Gr. Voskoglou Michael
Published: March 2019

A Grey Linear Programming problem differs from an ordinary one to the fact that the coefficients of its objective function and / or the technological coefficients and constants of its constraints are grey instead of real numbers. In this work a new method is developed for solving such kind of problems by the whitenization of the grey numbers involved and the solution of the obtained in this way ordinary Linear Programming problem with a standard method. The values of the decision variables in the optimal solution may then be converted to grey numbers to facilitate a vague expression of it, but this must be strictly checked to avoid non creditable such expressions. Examples are also presented to illustrate the applicability of our method in real life applications.
Formation of OH Groups and Hydrogen Peroxide Molecules on the Tio2 Anatase Surface: Pseudopotential Calculations
Authors: Zavodinsky V.G. , Makarevich K.S. , Pyachin S.V.
Published: March 2019

The density functional pseudopotential simulation was carried out to study dissociation of the H2O molecule on the TiO2 anatase surface (pure and W doped). Formation and desorption of the OH groups were studied, and it was shown that the adding of tungsten into titanium dioxide leads to reduction of the desorption energy of OH groups from 6.06 eV to 4.74 eV. Creation of the hydrogen peroxide H2O2 molecules was also investigated. Substitution of Ti with W on the TiO2 anatase surface decreases the formation energy of hydrogen peroxide molecules and moves it up to the range of visible sun light. Decrease of the formation energy of free OH groups and H2O2 molecules, which are fissile oxidizers, increases their quantity in water and promotes increase in effectiveness of organic pollutants decomposition.
Reliability of the sourcil method of acetabular index measurement in developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Maddock C. L. , Noor S. , Kothari A. , Bradley C. S. , Kelley S. P.
Published: March 2019

Purpose

The ability to monitor and study developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) requires validated radiographic outcome measures. The sourcil method of acetabular index measurement (AI-S) has not yet been shown to be a reliable measure of acetabular dysplasia in a DDH population, despite its widespread use. The aims of this study were to test the reliability of the AI-S method in a DDH population, and to compare the reliability of the AI-S method with that of the classic lateral edge method (AI-L).

Methods

From an institutional database, standardized anteroposterior hip radiographs were obtained from a cohort of 35 female patients (70 hips) at two and five years of age who had been treated nonoperatively for DDH. Three observers independently measured the acetabular index using the AI-L and AI-S methods on all 70 hips at two time points, four weeks apart.

Results

The inter-rater reliability intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the AI-L and AI-S methods was between good and excellent at 0.94 (confidence interval (CI) 0.89 to 0.96) and 0.91 (CI 0.87 to 0.94), respectively. The ICCs for intra-rater reliability for the AI-L method were excellent at 0.93 (CI 0.90 to 0.95), 0.95 (CI 0.93 to 0.97) and 0.95 (CI 0.94 to 0.97) for raters 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The ICCs for intra-rater reliability for the AI-S method were between good and excellent at 0.91 (CI 0.87 to 0.93), 0.93 (CI 0.90 to 0.95) and 0.90 (CI 0.86 to 0.93) for raters 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

Conclusion

Both AI-S and AI-L methods are equally reliable radiographic measures of DDH.

Level of Evidence

Level III (diagnostic)
Helicobacter pullorum in broiler chickens and the farm environment: A one health approach
Authors: Wai Soe Soe , Abdul-Aziz Saleha , Bitrus Asinamai Athliamai , Zunita Zakaria , Abu Jalila
Published: March 2019

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of Helicobacter pullorum in broiler chickens and their farm environment. Materials and Methods: The ceca from 100 broiler chickens from ten farms were sampled from processing sites or markets. The cecal contents were aseptically collected from each cecum and cultured. The farms were visited, and environmental samples were collected which included water, house flies, floor swabs and soils in chicken houses. Results: H. pullorum was present in 51% of the broilers; 17.5% of the flies were found to carry H. pullorum and Campylobacter spp., 30% of house floors were positive, while all water samples were negative. Conclusion: Flies could have picked up the organisms from the chickens' feces and/or the environment of the chicken houses or they could be one of the sources in the spread of the organisms. This study also showed that broiler chickens are potential reservoirs for H. pullorum and may serve as a source of infection for humans through the food chain.
Efeitos da aplicação de vinhaça “in natura” ou concentrada associado ao n-fertilizante em soqueira de cana-de-açúcar e no ambiente
Authors: Silva Gael Silvia Peñaranda Liendo , Silva Fabio Cesar da , Alves Bruno José Rodrigues , Tomaz Edson , Berton Ronaldo Severiano , Marchiori Luis Fernando Sanglade , Silveira Felipe Gomes da
Published: March 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da fertilização com vinhaça “in natura” ou concentrada com e sem adição de fertilizante nitrogenado na produtividade, qualidade da cana-de-açúcar e dinâmica do N e seus reflexos na fertilidade, verificar ainda, se há influência dos tratamentos aplicados na biometria da planta, bem como, avaliar se a demanda nutricional da cultura foi atendida, através de análise de sua composição foliar aos quatro meses. O experimento foi realizado em campo com cana soca no 2º corte, com delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com total 30 parcelas, sendo cinco tratamentos com seis repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1 - Vinhaça “in natura” (120 m³.ha-1), T2 - Vinhaça (120 m³.ha-1) + 60 Kg de N-ureia.ha-1, T3 - Vinhaça concentrada (20 m³.ha-1), T4 - 60 Kg de N-ureia.ha-1 e T5- Testemunha. Constatou-se que não houve diferença significativa para a qualidade tecnológica da cana de açúcar, entretanto para a qualidade do caldo e produtividade os tratamentos T1, T2 e T3 apresentaram concentração de K (potássio) superior aos tratamentos T4 e T5. Entre os tratamentos de fertilidade foliar constataram-se valores que atendem a suficiência da cultura. Para a fertilidade do solo temos diferenças significativas de K, entre profundidades, localização e tratamentos. Houve efeito da aplicação da vinhaça e fertilizante nitrogenado significativamente relacionamento com parâmetros do solo (NO3, C solúvel e umidade).
Efeitos da implantação e operação do complexo minerário do sistema Minas-Rio na qualidade das águas superficiais
Authors: Oliveira Gabriela Santos , Pereira Adriana Alves
Published: March 2019

Diversos são os impactos ambientais causados por atividades de mineração e beneficiamento de minério de ferro. No caso específico da mineração do Sistema Minas-Rio, localizada no município de Conceição do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais, não há publicações a respeito da influência dessas atividades na qualidade das águas superficiais da região. Ao mesmo tempo, comunidades do entorno demonstram preocupações relacionadas ao comprometimento dos diversos usos dessas águas. Este artigo objetivou analisar o efeito da implantação e operação desse complexo minerário na qualidade das águas superficiais das sub-bacias do entorno, bem como o atendimento dos parâmetros de qualidade da água aos padrões ambientais legais. Foram analisados dados de monitoramento (médias mensais) referentes aos períodos anterior (2006, 2007) e posterior (2010 a 2016) à implantação e operação do empreendimento para os seguintes parâmetros: pH, sólidos dissolvidos totais, sólidos suspensos totais, turbidez, ferro total, manganês total, DBO, chumbo total, mercúrio total e coliformes termotolerantes. O efeito do local (sub-bacias do Córrego Passa Sete, do Ribeirão Folheta e do Rio Santo Antônio) e do período de coleta de amostras (anterior x posterior) foram testados (Testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney). Relações entre as variáveis foram testadas através da correlação de Spearman. Conclui-se que as atividades de implantação e operação do complexo minerário contribuíram para aumentar os níveis de pH, sólidos dissolvidos totais, sólidos suspensos totais, turbidez, ferro total e manganês total nos corpos hídricos do entorno (sub-bacia do Córrego Passa Sete). Os parâmetros turbidez, manganês total, DBO e coliformes termotolerantes mostraram resultados maiores que os limites legais, indicando não adequação da qualidade das águas da região a diversos usos.
Nutrition Transition in Africa: Consequences and Opportunities
Authors: Mbogori Teresia , Mucherah Winnie
Published: March 2019

Nutrition transition, defined as a shift in dietary patterns and energy expenditure, is a major concern worldwide and especially in low and middle-income countries. Nutrition transition is linked to an increased prevalence of metabolic disorders and non-communicable diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In regions such as the sub-Saharan Africa, prevalence of overweight and obesity has steadily increased in the recent years despite the high prevalence of hunger and malnutrition. Factors that have contributed to nutrition transition include urbanization, socio-economic developments and technological advancements. Food consumption in some households has shifted to diets rich in fats and oils, calorie-based sweeteners, and animal-based products high in saturated fats (referred to as “western diets”), from traditional African diets based on legumes, whole grain products and traditional vegetables.  Opportunities to slow down the effects of nutrition transition in Africa may exist through education and policy changes that are culturally sensitive.
Open Call for Papers
Authors: Editors GJTE
Published: March 2019

The Global Journal of Transformative Education issues an open call for authors to submit manuscripts for review and possible publication.
GJTE Editorial Board
Authors: Editors GJTE
Published: March 2019

List of members of GJTE's Editorial Board
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF A PATIENT WITH MULTIPLE FRACTURES OF THE THORACIC AND LUMBAR VERTEBRAE ASSOCIATED WITH HAJDU – CHENEY SYNDROME
Authors: Vissarionov S. V. , Filippova A. N. , Zhurbitskaia M. V. , Khusainov N. O. , Belyanchikov S. M.
Published: March 2019

A clinical case of surgical and multimodal conservative treatment of an 11-year-old female patient with Hajdu – Cheney syndrome with multiple vertebral fractures in the thoracic and lumbar spine is presented. The main and significant manifestations of this syndrome are osteoporosis and acroosteolysis. After the injury, the child underwent correction of posttraumatic spinal deformity and stabilization of spinal motion segments by a placement of multi-anchor instrumentation through a posterior approach. The long-term postoperative period was characterized by the absence of bone block formation, development of distal junctional kyphosis and scoliotic deformity, which required additional surgical intervention in the amount of elongation of instrumentation and correction of the developed curvature. The paper describes in detail the clinical manifestations of the syndrome, the results of surgical treatment, and clinical and radiological characteristics.
TOTAL ARTHROPLASTY AND ANTERIOR CERVICAL DISCECTOMY WITH FIXATION: LONG-TERM RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: Byvaltsev V. A. , Stepanov I. A. , Kalinin A. A. , Aliyev M. A. , Aglakov B. M. , Yusupov B. R. , Shepelev V. V.
Published: March 2019

Objective.To perform comparative analysis of the long-term results of using the methods of total cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in the surgical treatment of patients with single-level degenerative diseases of cervical intervertebral discs.

Material and Methods.The study included 186 patients aged 21–60 years. Independent sequential randomization (1:1) of 173 patients was performed using software. The following parameters were used to evaluate patients: the VAS score of pain syndrome severity in the cervical spine and upper extremities, the Neck Disability Index (NDI) score of the quality of life, the amplitude of movements of the operated segment, the frequency of adjacent discs degeneration and of repeated surgical interventions and adverse events.

Results.In the long-term follow-up, the best clinical outcomes according to VAS and NDI data were recorded in patients from the CDA group. Their amplitude of movements in the segment remained in the physiological volume. In the ACDF group, a complete fusion was verified in 83 (93.3 %) cases. A significantly higher degree of degenerative disease of superjacent intervertebral discs was revealed in ACDF group (p < 0.01), while no significant degenerative changes were recorded in the subjacent discs (p > 0.05). The number of intraoperative and early postoperative complications did not have a statistically significant intergroup difference (p > 0.05). Symptomatic degeneration of adjacent segments was verified in 2 (2.4 %) respondents from the CDA group and in 8 (9.0 %) from the ACDF group (p < 0.001). Symptomatic adverse effects were found in 3 (3.6 %) CDA patients in the form of heterotopic ossification and in 6 (6.7 %) ACDF patients in the form of pseudoarthrosis.

Conclusions.The operations of total disc arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) are safe and effective methods of surgical treatment of patients with single-level degenerative diseases of cervical intervertebral discs. In CDA patients, significantly better clinical results were noted, as compared with the ACDF group. The CDA method allowed preserving the normal biomechanics of the cervical spine and preventing the development of degenerative disease of adjacent segments.
SURGERY OF THORACIC DISC HERNIATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ENGLISH-LANGUAGE LITERATURE
Authors: Simonovich A. E.
Published: March 2019

The presented review of scientific publications from the Medline (PubMed) and Scopus databases considers modern surgical approaches used to remove intervertebral hernias in the thoracic spine. The advantages and disadvantages of anterior and posterior approaches are analyzed. It has been revealed that the anterior approaches, providing a good opportunity to remove a hernia, are associated with the risk of serious complications, including pulmonary ones, and often lead to the formation of a post-thoracotomy pain syndrome. Mini-thoracotomy and percutaneous thoracoscopy, although less invasive, do not exclude the development of complications inherent in conventional thoracotomy. Modern posterior approaches are less traumatic and allow, with minimal contact with the spinal cord, to successfully remove not only soft tissue, but also ossified disc herniation. The choice of the optimal method of discectomy remains an unsolved problem and depends on practical skills, experience and preferences of the surgeon. For an objective and reliable assessment of the efficiency of surgical technologies and the determination of optimal indications for each of them, a prospective multicenter study is necessary.
The ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method in the characterization of the Monastery of Batalha
Authors: Barraca Nuno , Matias Manuel , Almeida Fernando
Published: March 2019

The characterization of the Monastery of Batalha included the use of the geophysical method of ground-penetrating radar (GPR), a non-destructive and indirect method that provides highresolution 2D/3D images of the structures to investigate. Owing to the nature and aims of the survey, appropriate measurement grids, acquisition parameters and adapted data processing techniques were used. The GPR survey provided important information about the Monastery foundations, construction and conservation. GPR high-resolution images allowed to locate recent and ancient infrastructures, columns foundations and structures of historical-archaeological interest. The characterization of the Monastery walls was also carried out using GPR on the surface of walls of the Cloister of D. João I and of the Church. These results contribute for the proposal of an inner structure model of the walls. GPR proved to be an efficient and expeditious method that allowed obtaining information to be used in the preservation, recovery and rehabilitation of the Monument.
Katarzyna Buczek, Hugo Kołłątaj i edukacja, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2007, ss. 194
Authors: Falkowska Joanna
Published: March 2019

Katarzyna Buczek, Hugo Kołłątaj i edukacja, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2007, ss. 194
Teresa Wróblewska, Duch narodowy. Postacie polskich polityków XX w., Oficyna Wydawnicza „Stopka”, Łomża 2007, ss. 325
Authors: Kulbaka Jacek
Published: March 2019

Teresa Wróblewska, Duch narodowy. Postacie polskich polityków XX w., Oficyna Wydawnicza „Stopka”, Łomża 2007, ss. 325
Seminarium naukowe nt. „Badania regionalne w polskiej historii wychowania” - Obrzycko 11-12 czerwca 2008 r.
Authors: Falkowska Joanna
Published: March 2019

Seminarium naukowe nt. „Badania regionalne w polskiej historii wychowania” - Obrzycko 11-12 czerwca 2008 r.
Sesja popularnonaukowa z okazji 50-lecia Drużyn „Nieprzetartego Szlaku”
Authors: Jamrożek Wiesław
Published: March 2019

Sesja popularnonaukowa z okazji 50-lecia Drużyn „Nieprzetartego Szlaku”
Stan badań nad dziejami Akademii Lubrańskiego
Authors: Nowicki Michał
Published: March 2019

The article tells about the historiography of a famous Polish school - Collegium Lubranscianum (English Lubrański Academy), which originated in 1519 and existed until 1780. The whole text was divided into few groups, showing the position of Lubranscianum in the interpretations of historians and the lack of research allowing recognition of some aspects of Lubranscianum history, such as the educational process of young people in the school, including the methods and handbooks, or, in general, the history of the school in the seventieth and eighteenth century. It is stressed that only few works bring new knowledge into our problem and most of the historiography is based on previously published works.
Partie mniejszości węgierskiej na Słowacji w latach 1989–1998. Aktorzy, elity, wyborcy
Authors: Wojtas Kinga
Published: March 2019

Celem artykułu jest pokazanie wielości i różnorodności partii węgier­skich funkcjonujących w latach 1990-1998 w systemie partyjnym Słowacji, a zatem przed powstaniem w 1998 r. Partii Węgierskiej Koalicji - Strana mad’arskej koalicie (SMK). Tekst ten koncentruje się na odpowiedzi na pytania: 1) kim byli ich liderzy i elita partyjna - czy można mówić o ciągłości personalnej reprezentacji mniejszości od 1990; oraz 2) kto głosował na poszczególne partie mniejszości węgierskiej. Wąt­kiem marginalnym, będzie refleksja na temat, jakie miejsce zajmowały analizowane partie w układzie rywalizacyjnym. Tekst też próbuje odpowiedź na pytanie, czy po­wstanie SMK oznaczało intensyfikację konfliktu narodowościowego w słowackim systemie partyjnym.
New homogeneous Einstein metrics on quaternionic Stiefel manifolds
Authors: Arvanitoyeorgos Andreas , Sakane Yusuke , Statha Marina
Published: March 2019

We consider invariant Einstein metrics on the quaternionic Stiefel manifold V

p
ℍ
n
of all orthonormal p-frames in ℍ
n
. This manifold is diffeomorphic to the homogeneous space Sp(n)/Sp(n − p) and its isotropy representation contains equivalent summands. We obtain new Einstein metrics on V

p
ℍ
n
≅ Sp(n)/Sp(n − p), where n = k
1 + k
2 + k
3 and p = n − k
3. We view V

p
ℍ
n
as a total space over the generalized Wallach space Sp(n)/(Sp(k
1)×Sp(k
2)×Sp(k
3)) and over the generalized flag manifold Sp(n)/(U(p)×Sp(n − p)).
How Badly Will I Feel if You Don't Like Me? Social Anxiety and Predictions of Future Affect
Authors: Glenn Jeffrey J. , Chow Philip I. , Teachman Bethany A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The current study investigated whether high and low socially-anxious individuals would show differences in affective forecasting accuracy (i.e., the prediction of emotional states in response to future events) to positive versus negative social evaluation.

Method: High (n = 94) and low (n = 98) socially-anxious participants gave a speech and were randomly assigned to receive a positive or negative evaluation.

Results: For affective forecasts made proximally (moments before the speech), those low in social anxiety overpredicted their affect to a greater extent to a negative evaluation versus a positive evaluation. In contrast, those high in social anxiety overpredicted their affect to positive and negative evaluations comparably, and failed to adjust their prediction for a future hypothetical negative evaluation—in effect, not learning from their prior forecasting error.

Discussion: Results suggest that affective forecasting biases deserve further study as a maintaining factor for social anxiety symptoms.
Attention Periodically Binds Visual Features As Single Events Depending on Neural Oscillations Phase-Locked to Action
Authors: Nakayama Ryohei , Motoyoshi Isamu
Published: March 2019

Recent psychophysical studies have demonstrated that periodic attention in the 4–8 Hz range facilitates performance on visual detection. The present study examined the periodicity of feature binding, another major function of attention, in human observers (3 females and 5 males for behavior, with 7 males added for the EEG experiment). In a psychophysical task, observers reported a synchronous pair of brightness (light/dark) and orientation (clockwise/counterclockwise) patterns from two combined brightness–orientation pairs presented in rapid succession. We found that temporal binding performance exhibits periodic oscillations at ∼8 Hz as a function of stimulus onset delay from a self-initiated button press in conditions where brightness–orientation pairs were spatially separated. However, as one would expect from previous studies on pre-attentive binding, significant oscillations were not apparent in conditions where brightness–orientation pairs were spatially superimposed. EEG results, while fully compatible with behavioral oscillations, also revealed a significant dependence of binding performance across trials on prestimulus neural oscillatory phases within the corresponding band. The peak frequency of this dependence was found to be correlated with intertrial phase coherence (ITPC) around the timing of button press in parietal sensors. Moreover, the peak frequency of the ITPC was found to predict behavioral frequency in individual observers. Together, these results suggest that attention operates periodically (at ∼8 Hz) on the perceptual binding of multimodal visual information and is mediated by neural oscillations phase-locked to voluntary action.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent studies in neuroscience suggest that the brain's attention network operates rhythmically at 4–8 Hz. The present behavioral task revealed that attentional binding of visual features is performed periodically at ∼8 Hz, and EEG analysis showed a dependence of binding performance on prestimulus neural oscillatory phase. Furthermore, this association between perceptual and neural oscillations is triggered by voluntary action. Periodic processes driven by attention appear to contribute not only to sensory processing but also to the temporal binding of diverse information into a conscious event synchronized with action.
A thyroid gland with over 30 foci of papillary thyroid carcinoma with activating BRAF V600E mutation
Authors: Pancer Jill , Mitmaker Elliot , Ajise Oluyomi , Tabah Roger , How Jacques
Published: March 2019

Multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is common and the number of tumor foci rarely exceeds ten. The mechanism of multifocal disease is debated, with the two main hypotheses consisting of either intrathyroidal metastatic spread from a single tumor or independent multicentric tumorigenesis from distinct progenitor cells. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman who underwent total thyroidectomy and left central neck lymph node dissection after fine-needle aspiration of bilateral thyroid nodules that yielded cytological findings consistent with PTC. Final pathology of the surgical specimen showed an isthmic dominant 1.5 cm classical PTC and over 30 foci of microcarcinoma, which displayed decreasing density with increasing distance from the central lesion. Furthermore, all malignant tumors and lymph nodes harbored the activating BRAF V600E mutation. The present case highlights various pathological features that support a mechanism of intraglandular spread, namely a strategic isthmic location of the primary tumor, radial pattern of distribution and extensive number of small malignant foci and BRAF mutational homogeneity.

Learning points:

Multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is commonly seen in clinical practice, but the number of malignant foci is usually limited to ten or less.

There is no clear consensus in the literature as to whether multifocal PTC arises from a single or multiple distinct tumor progenitor cells.

Strategic location of the dominant tumor in the thyroid isthmus may favor intraglandular dissemination of malignant cells by means of the extensive lymphatic network.

An important pathological finding that may be suggestive of intrathyroidal metastatic spread is a central pattern of distribution with a reduction in the density of satellite lesions with increasing distance from the dominant focus.

PTCs originating from the isthmus with intraglandular metastatic dissemination behave more aggressively. As such, a more aggressive treatment course may be warranted, particularly with regard to the extent of surgery.
AC002454.1 and CDK6 synergistically promote endometrial cell migration and invasion in endometriosis
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Yang , Chen Peng , Ma Yue , Wang Shuo , Tian Ye , Wang Anna , Wang Danbo
Published: March 2019

Previous lncRNA microarray screening found that the AC002454.1 gene was highly expressed in endometriosis (EMS), and these expression levels were highly correlated with cyclin-dependent kinase-6 (CDK6). This study investigated the expression level and correlation between AC002454.1 and CDK6 in endometrium tissues and the influence of these changes in expression upon the biological behavior of eutopic endometrial cells. We confirmed AC002454.1 and CDK6 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in ectopic and eutopic endometrial tissue from patients with EMS and were clearly correlated. In vitro, both AC002454.1 and CDK6 positively regulated the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of eutopic endometrial cells and could promote the transformation of cells from G0/G1 phase to S phase. AC002454.1 and CDK6 may have synergistic effects, thereby affecting the biological behavior of endometrial cells, and thus promote the progression of EMS.