bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Larval release rhythm of the land hermit crab Coenobita cavipes Stimpson, 1858 (Anomura, Coenobitidae) on Iriomote Island, Japan
Authors: Doi Wataru , Mizutani Akira , Kohno Hiroyoshi
Published: January 2018

The larval release behaviour of Coenobita cavipes Stimpson, 1858 was studied on Iriomote Island, Japan between June and September 2012. The larval release was observed for several days before and after the new and full moons between July and August and showed semi-lunar rhythms. The larval release occurred 1-3 h after sunset and the peak time was almost 30 min earlier in August than in July. The time was not synchronised with nocturnal high tides in earlier and later days in each phase of syzygy. Emerging from residual lowland forests behind the coast, ovigerous females walked towards the river’s water edge and released larvae at the swash zone on the riverbank in the lower river. Therefore, they do not need to synchronise the larval release to coincide with the timing of high tide, unlike their congeneric nearest neighbour, C. violascens Heller, 1862, which releases larvae on the mangrove roots in the upper river.
Endangered fairies: two new species of Caladenia (Orchidaceae; Orchidoideae; Diurideae), from the bauxite plateaux of southwestern Western Australia
Authors: DIXON KINGSLEY W. , CHRISTENHUSZ MAARTEN J. M.
Published: January 2018

Two new sympatric species of Caladenia from relatively inaccessible, high lateritic plateaux in a high rainfall area in southwestern Western Australia are described here as new to science. The species occur in a restricted area, c 100 km southeast of Perth, south of Dwellingup and northeast of Waroona. The two species co-occur and are associated with putative floral model species that they are mimicking. Caladenia lateritica mimics Conostylis setosa (Haemodoraceae) in terms of flowering time, height, colour and fragrance. Caladenia rosea mimics the flowers of Hypocalymma robustum (Myrtaceae) in terms of flowering time, colour and scent. We assume that these orchids share a pollinator with their mimics and attract the pollinator via food deception as the ‘hosts’ are sources of nectar and pollen for visiting native bees. Because the species co-occur and exhibit a remarkable evolutionary ‘arms race’, they would make an ideal model for further study of the processes driving sympatric speciation. Unfortunately, both new species are under threat from mining activities and poorly informed burning regimes.
The holotype of Chenopodium baryosmon (Chenopodiaceae) rediscovered: just one of many type specimens from the private herbarium of Schultes, now in the Turczaninow herbarium at KW
Authors: MOSYAKIN SERGEI L. , ESSER HANS-JOACHIM , FREITAG HELMUT
Published: January 2018

The holotype of Chenopodium baryosmon (Chenopodiaceae), described by Schultes in 1820 and now treated as a synonym of Caroxylon imbricatum, has been discovered in the historical Turczaninow herbarium at KW (National Herbarium of Ukraine, Kyiv). The lectotype designation by Botschantzev (1975) is thus superseded following Art. 9.19 of the ICN. The specimen is discussed and illustrated, and information on isotypes is updated. This specimen is evidently one of many previously missing types from the private herbarium of Schultes, which was sold to Turczaninow in the 1853 and is now part of KW. Brief information about the Turczaninow herbarium and its expected holdings of Schultes' specimens is provided.
Leksem 'apopleksja' w historii polszczyzny
Authors: Jankowiak Lucyna Agnieszka
Published: January 2018

The lexeme apopleksja in the history of PolishApopleksja ‘apoplexy’ is a word of Latin origin which was used for the first time as a medical term probably in 1534 in a herbarium by Stefan Falimirz. Since then it has been continuously included in dictionaries. Over the period of its presence in Polish, it has been considered to be a medical term, which has been numerously evidenced in medical texts of various epochs and also by the fact that it was referenced in two medical lexicons which are important in the history of the Polish medical terminology: one of 1881, the other of 1905. However, these lexicons show that the term apopleksja had competition. Most probably, the lexeme apopleksja was used for the last time as a strictly medical term before the Second World War. Today it belongs to a group of archaisms in the medical terminology and has been replaced by the following terms: udar (udar mózgu, udar mózgowy) ‘stroke (brain stroke, cerebral stroke).’ Leksem apopleksja w historii polszczyznyApopleksja to wyraz pochodzenia łacińskiego użyty po raz pierwszy prawdopodobnie w 1534 r. w zielniku Stefana Falimirza w funkcji ówczesnego terminu medycznego. Od tego momentu do dziś jest nieprzerwanie notowany przez słowniki. W ciągu swej bytności w polszczyźnie traktowany jest jako termin medyczny, o czym świadczą jego liczne poświadczenia w tekstach medycznych różnych epok oraz fakt odnotowania go w dwóch ważnych dla historii polskiej terminologii medycznej leksykonach medycznych: z 1881 r. i z 1905 r. Jednak już w tych leksykonach widać, że termin apopleksja miał konkurencję. Prawdopodobnie leksem apopleksja ostatni raz został użyty jako termin ściśle medyczny przed drugą wojną światową. Dziś należy do grupy archaizmów w terminologii medycznej, a jego miejsce zajęły terminy: udar (udar mózgu, udar mózgowy).
Ensemble Kalman Filtering with One-Step-Ahead Smoothing
Authors: Raboudi Naila F. , Ait-El-Fquih Boujemaa , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: January 2018

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is widely used for sequential data assimilation. It operates as a succession of forecast and analysis steps. In realistic large-scale applications, EnKFs are implemented with small ensembles and poorly known model error statistics. This limits their representativeness of the background error covariances and, thus, their performance. This work explores the efficiency of the one-step-ahead (OSA) smoothing formulation of the Bayesian filtering problem to enhance the data assimilation performance of EnKFs. Filtering with OSA smoothing introduces an updated step with future observations, conditioning the ensemble sampling with more information. This should provide an improved background ensemble in the analysis step, which may help to mitigate the suboptimal character of EnKF-based methods. Here, the authors demonstrate the efficiency of a stochastic EnKF with OSA smoothing for state estimation. They then introduce a deterministic-like EnKF-OSA based on the singular evolutive interpolated ensemble Kalman (SEIK) filter. The authors show that the proposed SEIK-OSA outperforms both SEIK, as it efficiently exploits the data twice, and the stochastic EnKF-OSA, as it avoids observational error undersampling. They present extensive assimilation results from numerical experiments conducted with the Lorenz-96 model to demonstrate SEIK-OSA’s capabilities.
Metal artifact reduction in CT, a phantom study: subjective and objective evaluation of four commercial metal artifact reduction algorithms when used on three different orthopedic metal implants
Authors: Bolstad Kirsten , Flatabø Silje , Aadnevik Daniel , Dalehaug Ingvild , Vetti Nils
Published: January 2018

Background

Metal implants may introduce severe artifacts in computed tomography (CT) images. Over the last few years dedicated algorithms have been developed in order to reduce metal artifacts in CT images.

Purpose

To investigate and compare metal artifact reduction algorithms (MARs) from four different CT vendors when imaging three different orthopedic metal implants.

Material and Methods

Three clinical metal implants were attached to the leg of an anthropomorphic phantom: cobalt-chrome; stainless steel; and titanium. Four commercial MARs were investigated: SmartMAR (GE); O-MAR (Philips); iMAR (Siemens); and SEMAR (Toshiba). The images were evaluated subjectively by three observers and analyzed objectively by calculating the fraction of pixels with CT number above 500 HU in a region of interest around the metal. The average CT number and image noise were also measured.

Results

Both subjective evaluation and objective analysis showed that MARs reduced metal artifacts and improved the image quality for CT images containing metal implants of steel and cobalt-chrome. When using MARs on titanium, all MARs introduced new visible artifacts.

Conclusion

The effect of MARs varied between CT vendors and different metal implants used in orthopedic surgery. Both in subjective evaluation and objective analysis the effect of applying MARs was most obvious on steel and cobalt-chrome implants when using SEMAR from Toshiba followed by SmartMAR from GE. However, MARs may also introduce new image artifacts especially when used on titanium implants. Therefore, it is important to reconstruct all CT images containing metal with and without MARs.
Numerical studies on fire hazards of elevator evacuation in supertall buildings
Authors: Cai N. , Chow W.K.
Published: January 2018

Long evacuation time is a key fire safety concern for crowded supertall buildings. Elevator evacuation appears to be the only choice but fire safety provisions are not specially designed for the use of elevators. A fire safe elevator system was proposed earlier for supertall buildings by providing elevator accessible on each floor level and passing through the refuge place. The fire hazard associated with this design has been studied numerically through an example building in this paper. Smoke spread to the elevator system was considered in the study. The effect of ventilation of the shaft, stack effect and wind effect on smoke movement were studied by empirical equations in fire engineering and justified by computational fluid dynamics. Different designs of smoke extraction with pressurization system were evaluated by analysing the smoke dispersion and pressure distributions. The effect of fire at different heights on smoke spread was also investigated. Results show that the smoke extraction system can only delay smoke spread to the elevator shaft near the fire source for a short time. The “four-floor approach” pressurization system can confine the smoke in the area of fire floor for a sufficiently long time period for safe evacuation.
The veil of philanthropy: Kant on the political benefits of dissimulation and simulation
Authors: Church Jeffrey
Published: January 2018

Kant has traditionally been read as an excessively moralistic critic of lying in his ethics and politics. In response, recent scholars have noted that for Kant we have an ethical duty not to be completely candid, but rather we should practice reticence and simulate virtues even when we do not have them. This article argues that Kant extends the value of dissimulation and simulation beyond the interpersonal to society and politics. By examining three examples—politeness and decorum in society, and the veiled relationships between the rich and the poor and between government and the people in politics—this article further challenges the received reading of Kant as a defender of truth at all costs and reveals him to be much more attentive to the need for pretense, reserve, and appearance than is commonly understood.
Sense of Coherence, Smoking Status, Biochemical Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Body Mass in Blue Collar Workers—Short Report
Authors: Najder Anna
Published: January 2018

The crucial cause of cardiovascular disorders is atherosclerosis developed by abnormal cholesterols levels or disorders affecting blood glucose. One of the best-known cardiovascular risk factors is also tobacco smoking. Simultaneously, sense of coherence (SoC) as a personal resource motivating to managing one’s own health behaviors, such as avoiding tobacco smoking, was reported to be protective against coronary heart disease. Such association was observed in white-collar workers but not in blue-collar workers. According to the above, the present article aims to establish relationships between SoC, smoking behaviors, biochemical markers (BM): lipids and glucose levels and body mass index (BMI) in blue-collar workers.

Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (SOC-29), fasting blood test, and BMI were used to assess such relationships. The study group consisted of 304 Polish males working 8-hr shifts in a 4-brigade rotating system.

The analysis revealed that SoC level did not differ depending on smoking behavior. The analysis also showed no differences in BMI and BM depending on SoC. Concerning smoking status, the study group was divided into three subgroups which differed regarding triglycerides and glucose levels.

The present findings considering SoC indicate that any psychological construct should not be studied separately because probably only some sets of different features may influence one’s behavior and BM as well.
Pyrrhic liturgy
Authors: Graham Hannah
Published: January 2018

A poem about the enculturated rhetoric, rituals and degradation ceremonies within tabloid news cycles and consumption, and the costliness of their collateral consequences.
Central line replacement following infection does not improve reinfection rates in pediatric pulmonary hypertension patients receiving intravenous prostanoid therapy
Authors: McCarthy Elisa K. , Ogawa Michelle T. , Hopper Rachel K. , Feinstein Jeffrey A. , Gans Hayley A.
Published: January 2018

Treatment of pediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH) with IV prostanoids has greatly improved outcomes but requires a central line, posing inherent infection risk. This study examines the types of infections, infection rates, and importantly the effect of line management strategies on reinfection in children receiving IV prostanoids for PH. This study is a retrospective review of all pediatric PH patients receiving intravenous epoprostenol (EPO) or treprostinil (TRE) at one academic tertiary care center between 2000 and 2014. No patients declined participation in the study or were otherwise excluded. Infectious complications were characterized by organism(s), infection rates, time to next infection, and line management decisions (salvage vs. replace). Of the 40 patients followed, 13 sustained 38 infections involving 49 pathogens, with a predominance of gram‐positive (GP) organisms (n = 35). The pooled infection rate was 1.06 per 1000 prostanoid days with no difference between EPO and TRE. No significant difference in reinfection rate was observed when comparing line salvage to replacement, regardless of organism type. Both overall and organism‐type comparisons suggest longer time between line infections following line salvage compared with line replacement (732 vs. 410 days overall; 793 vs. 363 days for GP; 611 vs. 581 days for gram‐negative [GN]; P > 0.05 for all comparisons). Central line replacement following blood stream infections in pediatric PH patients does not improve subsequent infection rates or time to next infection, and may lead to unnecessary risks associated with line replacement, including potential loss of vascular access. A revised approach to central line infections in pediatric PH is proposed.
Network meta-analysis: a useful tool for comparing different psychological treatments for panic disorder?
Authors: Smith Katharine
Published: January 2018

Network meta-analysis (NMA) is a statistical method that allows comparison of multiple treatments against each other. The use of NMA, and its advantages and potential limitations, is discussed here in the context of this issue's Cochrane review of psychological treatments for panic disorder. The review showed benefits for psychological treatment when compared to a waiting list, particularly for cognitive behavioural therapy in both the short and longer term. The findings were limited by the primary studies available, but despite these, this analysis using NMA presents the best evidence to date of the relative benefits of different types of psychological treatments in panic disorder.

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

None.
Relocation of long-stay general psychiatric in-patients
Authors: Chong L. S. , Abbott P. M.
Published: January 2018

The need for severely disabled long-stay general psychiatric in-patients to be resettled within their own districts is likely to arise increasingly as area mental hospitals close. The White Paper, Caring for People, acknowledges that some of these patients will continue to require hospital care. Transfer between hospitals might be considered a major life event for these patients, some of whom will have spent many years in the area mental hospital. Conflicting results have been found in studies of mortality rate following relocation (Morriss et al, 1988). Pryce's (1977) study with long-stay chronic schizophrenic patients and other more recent studies with new long-stay patients yielded data suggesting optimal environmental factors in keeping with Wing & Brown's (1970) observations.
Comments on a Case of Fractured Ribs,
Authors: Ley W.
Published: January 2018

In the October number of the Asylum Journal, an account was given of an inquest that had been held at the Asylum for the county of Norwich, on a patient who had died, having at the time of hit decease, an ununited and undetected fracture of the ribs. For many reasons it was a case of great interest. First, the liability of such injuries to be inflicted before the patient is sent to the asylum, of which no information is given. Secondly, the probability of the injury remaining undetected at the time of admission or for a lengthened period afterwards. Thirdly, the probability of the injury being laid to the charge of ill-treatment in the asylum. Fourthly, the crimination and recrimination produced amongst the officers of the asylum by such imputations on imperfect evidence. Fifthly, the great difficulty that will always exist in fixing the time at which an injury wag inflicted by appearances observed at a long subsequent period.
Plea of Insanity—The Trial of William Dove
Authors: J. C. B.
Published: January 2018

When an arduous juridical contention is at its height, when a man's life is in the balance of opinion between those who hold him to be insane and irresponsible, and those who believe him to be a cruel and calculating murderer, the passions of men are so much involved that it is difficult to estimate the merits of a scientific question, with a perfect impartiality and freedom from prejudice and a single regard to truth. The trial of Wm. Dove, for the murder of his wife by strychnine, and his defence upon the plea of insanity, has been of a nature to elicit an unusual amount of personal feeling, both among those who considered him one of the most atrocious criminals of modern times, and those who conscientiously believed him to be incapable of crime on account of mental disease or infirmity. Sane or insane, Wm. Dove has paid the penalty of a murderer, and hath been sent to appear before the judgment seat of Him who “knoweth all things,” and will “judge righteous judgment.”
The Diagnosis of Insanity
Authors: Bucknill John Charles
Published: January 2018

The Diagnosis of Mania — Melancholia — Monomania — Moral Insanity—General Paralysis—Feigned Insanity —Concealed Insanity

Mania is the term applied to that large class of mental disorders in which the functions are in a state of excitement, and their mutual dependence and proportion disturbed. It embraces forms of disease so widely apart from each other, that in treating practically of its diagnosis it will be essential to make some classification. For practical purposes it will be sufficient to distinguish its forms into those of acute mania, comprising cases which present recent and active symptoms; chronic mania, in which acute symptoms have given way to others of a more tranquil and permanent kind; and incomplete mania, corresponding to the “mania raisonante” of the French, and embracing those anomalous and undeveloped forms of mental disorder in which defective power of volition and morbid propensities are prominent symptoms.
Does Civilization favour the Generation of Mental Disease?
Authors: Tuke Daniel H.
Published: January 2018

This question may conveniently be regarded from two different points of view. Apart from the information to be derived from actual observation or statistical inquiry, it is manifestly very important also to inquire, whether the most frequent causes of insanity are to be found in greater force in civilized countries than in those which are not civilized.
Complications Associated With Mortality in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database
Authors: Freundlich Robert E. , Maile Michael D. , Sferra Joseph J. , Jewell Elizabeth S. , Kheterpal Sachin , Engoren Milo
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:

Attributing causes of postoperative mortality is challenging, as death may be multifactorial. A better understanding of complications that occur in patients who die is important, as it allows clinicians to focus on the most impactful complications. We sought to determine the postoperative complications with the strongest independent association with 30-day mortality.

METHODS:

Data were obtained from the 2012–2013 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Use Data Files. All inpatient or admit day of surgery cases were eligible for inclusion in this study. A multivariable least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis was used to adjust for patient pre- and intraoperative risk factors for mortality. Attributable mortality was calculated using the population attributable fraction method: the ratio between the odds ratio for mortality and a given complication in the population. Patients were separated into 10 age groups to facilitate analysis of age-related differences in mortality.

RESULTS:

A total of 1,195,825 patients were analyzed, and 9255 deceased within 30 days (0.77%). A complication independently associated with attributable mortality was found in 1887 cases (20%). The most common causes of attributable mortality (attributable deaths per million patients) were bleeding (n = 368), respiratory failure (n = 358), septic shock (n = 170), and renal failure (n = 88). Some complications, such as urinary tract infection and pneumonia, were associated with attributable mortality only in older patients.

DISCUSSION:

Additional resources should be focused on complications associated with the largest attributable mortality, such as respiratory failure and infections. This is particularly important for complications disproportionately impacting younger patients, given their longer life expectancy.
Magnetic Field Effects on Electroless Deposition of Lead Metal—Lorentz Force Effects—
Authors: Udagawa Chikako , Ueno Mai , Hisaki Toshinari , Maeda Mina , Maki Syou , Morimoto Shotaro , Tanimoto Yoshifumi
Published: January 2018

The magnetic field effect (MFE) on lead metal deposition from the reaction of lead(II) acetate aqueous solution and a zinc metal plate was studied. The effect depends on the lead(II) acetate concentration. By applying a 0.38 T field, the deposition yield increased by 50% and 10%, respectively, when a 0.2 M and a 0.5 M solution was used. It decreased by about 5% when a 0.1 M solution was used. The effect is explainable by Lorentz-force-induced convection. The decrease or increase of the yield is probably attributable to the change of the rate-controlling step in this inhomogeneous reaction by the change of lead(II) ion concentration.
The twin fetus
Authors: Stagiannis Konstantinos , Bower Sarah , Fisk Nicholas
Published: January 2018

All twin pregnancies are at an increased risk of pregnancy complications. Those at highest risk are identical twins surrounded by one chorionic membrane and sharing a placenta. Early ultrasound diagnosis and determination of chorionicity is important to allow appropriate targeting of antenatal care.
Use of TENS for pain relief in labour
Authors: Hawkins Joyce
Published: January 2018

This article examines the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation Machines (TENS) in relieving labour pains, and describes two case studies where the machines were used.
Hypnosis and acupuncture in pregnancy
Authors: Arthurs Graham
Published: January 2018

This article considers how hynosis and acupuncture are used in relieving pain in pregnancy. It describes the procedure behind each technique and shows how they can be used to combat pain, nausea, vomiting and any other side effects in pregnancy.
Antenatal care in the 90s
Authors: Gladman Janet
Published: January 2018

There is a general assumption that women benefit from receiving antenatal care, but the current service often fails to meet women's real needs and is a waste of both human and financial resources.
Jobs for the boys: male domination within nursing and midwifery
Authors: Edwards Grace
Published: January 2018

The Western world mainly operates within a patriarchal system which serves to subordinate women and results in social and educational inequality, based purely on gender. This has implications for the status of women both socially and educationally and may be detrimental to the professional aspirations of women compared with those of men. I would suggest that the traditional female role is one that has learnt gender socialisation and will influence professional development.
Maternity bereavement counselling: how it has changed
Authors: Thomas Jenni
Published: January 2018

This article elaborates the role of a maternity and paediatric counsellor in bereavement counselling and staff training. It describes the importance of immediate help for bereaved parents and how staff training can develop professionals' natural skills and promote optimal care.
Home and domino births: resource implications
Authors: Twaddle Sara , Stuart Bridget
Published: January 2018

This article describes the likely resource implications of providing a home birth and domino delivery service, using the findings of an audit of the service. Key areas that need to be considered in the planning of such services are identified and discussed.
Midwives must be directive as well as supportive
Authors: Harmond Kate
Published: January 2018

The 1990s have been an exciting time for those of us involved in maternity services. We have enjoyed the publication of a plethora of charters and policies which establish or reaffirm the rights and entitlements of pregnant women and their families.
The research process: a mind map
Authors: Murphy-Black Tricia
Published: January 2018

This article explores the benefits of using a mind map when trying to remember different aspects of the same topic, and, with the aid of the colour map on the next page, guides the reader through the research process.
Maternity care and the paradox of plenty
Authors: Tyler Suzanne
Published: January 2018

The publication of The Winterton Report has highlighted the need for maternity care to be women-centred. Much has been written about the midwife's role in providing women with choice, continuity and control, and this article aims to contribute to a wider perspective on maternity care, focusing, in particular, on the midwife's role in the service.
User involvement in setting standards for maternity care
Authors: Whitfield Sarah , Lewison Helen
Published: January 2018

The responsibility for setting and monitoring quality standards for care lies with district health authorities as part of their contracts with local provider units. It is important to involve users and their representatives in the development of standards in order to ensure that they reflect their needs.
Collaborative care planning: 2
Authors: Mason Frances , Clark Jenny
Published: January 2018

This second article on collaborative care planning looks at a case study within one health authority and the effect it had on mothers and midwives.
Direct but different: midwifery education since 1989
Authors: Maggs Christopher
Published: January 2018

Preregistration midwifery education opens a new chapter in midwifery education for practice, aimed at producing the research-minded practitioner of the future. This article discusses the challenges this initiative has faced, the ways these were overcome and makes suggestions for further development.
Screening for genetic abnormalities: risks and benefits
Authors: Downe Soo
Published: January 2018

Practitioners working within the maternity services have often been accused of introducing new ideas and developments into the service willy-nilly, with little or none of the stringent criteria applied to the introduction of drugs. Criticism has slowed but not prevented the onslaught of new, unproven technology. There has been one major recent development in the new maternity services which, although tested on a clinical level, is a massive, uncontrolled, and unevaluated experiment in psychological adaption — that of screening for genetic abnormality.
Are we obliged to keep very premature infants alive?
Authors: Gill Susan
Published: January 2018

Advances in neonatal intensive care, particularly the ability to sustain the lives of neonates who would previously have died, have presented health care professionals with moral and ethical dilemmas — are they obliged to instititute therapeutic measures? This article will discuss the obligation to treat very premature infants and highlight the dilemmas faced by health care professionals.
Maternal-fetal attachment, loss and grief
Authors: Miller Beverley
Published: January 2018

This article explores maternal–fetal attachment from a psychological perspective. The literature suggests that the fetus does acquire an identity of its own which is realised by the mother, thereby creating an attachment bond. Thus, grief will be experienced when a loss is suffered. The losses examined here are spontanteous abortion and stillbirth.
Do you have to know your midwife?
Authors: Stewart Mary
Published: January 2018

This article is a personal response to the recommendations of the Expert Maternity Group that ‘at least 75% of women should know the person who cares for them during their delivery.' (Department of Health, 1993). It has been written, not to provide answers, but to put forward an alternative point of view, in the hope of generating further debate and discussion.
Siblings in the delivery room: some issues explored
Authors: Scullion Philip A , McCalmont Carmel P
Published: January 2018

The increasing presence of children during labour may be attributed to improved consumer choice within midwifery practice. This article reviews some relevant background and research, discusses implications for midwifery services and highlights the importance of choice and preparation for children.
Learning the hard way
Authors: Jackson Kate
Published: January 2018

When I think back to conversations I have had with women, I still feel uneasy as I recall in appropriate, thoughtless or perhaps naive comments that I have made in the course of a day's work.
New reproductive technologies: report of the Canadian Commission
Authors: King Marion
Published: January 2018

This article discusses the recommendations of the Canadian Royal Commission on New Reproductive Technologies. It is worth noting that these are not unlike the current UK legislation (Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act, 1990). Two points are of particular interest. First, the inclusion of ‘judicial intervention’, which should prevent such incidents as enforced caesarean section, as has occurred in the USA and, on one occasion, in Britain (Re S, 1992). Second, the prohibition of the use of fetal ova for implantation, especially as the UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority are now in the process of general consultation regarding donation of fetal and cadaverous ovarian tissue.
Correspondence
Authors: Hallworth Chris P , Mcllwee Anthony
Published: January 2018

Call for withdrawal of ENB decision

Viewing the male perspective

Acknowledgement of co-authorship
Teenage pregnancy: a continued cause for concern?
Authors: van den Akker Olga
Published: January 2018

Teenage pregnancy rates are still on the increase in the UK, with particularly high rates in the Midlands. This causes concern to health care professionals, since teenage mothers are at a greater risk of pregnancy complications, only about half choose to keep their babies, and many teenagers who have been pregnant present with a subsequent pregnancy before they reach the age of 20.
What price midwifery excellence?
Authors: Kroll Debra
Published: January 2018

As the 1st of April and the new financial year looms ever closer, those of us holding budgets in the maternity services around the country will be reflecting on the educational and developmental needs of the midwifery staff in our units. The limited and precious resources that are allocated to us for educational purposes in the next financial year must be spent wisely to ensure a safe and effective service which also meets the developmental and educational needs of the midwives.
The provision of family planning services
Authors: French Kathy
Published: January 2018

This article takes a historical perspective on the provision of family planning services. The focus has changed from the provision of occlusive methods to hormonal, intrauterine and the most recent implant contraceptive. Family planning nurses are ideally suited to assist with the targets set out in the Health of the Nation document.
Teenage attitudes to conception and contraception
Authors: Kitchin Lindsey F
Published: January 2018

The teenage pregnancy rate in Britain today is one of the highest in Europe (Payne, 1994). In fact the overall conception rate in England and Wales rose in 1990 due to the increase in pregnancy rates among 14- 17 year olds. This article discusses the issues surrounding pregnancy and contraception in adolescent girls, and considers the implications for health care professionals who may have contact with these young women during the course of their work.
Class and ethnicity
Authors: Powell Alison
Published: January 2018

This article discusses factors of social class and ethnicity which affect the birth outcome and midwifery care. Midwives need to be knowledgeable about social and cultural issues in order to provide effective care which meets the needs and choices of all women, irrespective of their social circumstances.
Correspondence
Authors: Silverton Louise , Everitt Nikki , Le Var Rita
Published: January 2018

Promoting the craft of midwifery

Fulfilling the needs of all

ENB commitment to education
Chorionic villus sampling: what are the risks?
Authors: Obbrai Manjit , Churchill David
Published: January 2018

Once again, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), or placental biopsy as it is sometimes known, has become the subject of public interest. CVS offers a rapid diagnosis for women whose babies are at risk of a genetic or chromosomal abnormality, at earlier gestations than previously provided by the traditional second trimester amniocentesis test. This means that the agonising wait for results and the trauma of a second trimester termination are greatly reduced. However, CVS is not without its disadvantages. For the lay public, the academic ‘ping pong’ between the protagonists and antagonists of CVS must be confusing and worrying. Much of the ‘evidence’ about the risks published in the press or broadcast by the media, are more concerned with creating an impact rather than an open and well informed debate.
The National Board for Scotland
Authors: McDonald Karen
Published: January 2018

This article considers the importance of the statutory framework within which midwives in Scotland practise and details the contribution of the National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting for Scotland (NBS) in guiding and regulating practice.
Midwives' pay: getting it right
Authors: Jackson Kate
Published: January 2018

The results of the recent ballot of RCM members regarding a change in the ‘no industrial action’ policy that the College has always maintained should not have come as a shock to those people who are involved in the management or delivery of maternity services. What was surprising was the response rate to the ballot, with 53% of the membership returning ballot papers. It was the highest ever membership response to a ballot, with 82% of those who responded, saying that they believed the clause should be changed.
Midwives need to be internationally aware
Authors: Barber Gillian
Published: January 2018

This article explores some of the benefits that can result from increasing international awareness of how other midwifery systems operate, how these may be enhanced informally, and describes one framework for study.
The importance of cultural beliefs
Authors: Chesney Margeret
Published: January 2018

This article details the insights that were gained by the author during 5 years of working intermittently in a maternity hospital in Pakistan.
Creating confidence by building on experience
Authors: Skinner Gillian , Roch Saran
Published: January 2018

Midwives are faced with overwhelming change to the organisation of the maternity services, with the publication of Changing Childbirth (Department of Health, 1993). This article describes how the majority of midwives have been prepared for the proposed change to their current role so that they can provide a woman-centred service.
It's not them, it's us
Authors: Jackson Kate
Published: January 2018

One of the recurring discussions I have when talking about the implementation of Changing Childbirth (Department of Health, 1993) is how difficult it seems to be for some people to accept the need to change the way maternity services are provided. As such change invariably includes the need for individual practitioners to alter their practice, an acceptance that change is necessary on the part of the practitioners is a prerequisite if progress is to occur.
Practising and preaching: confidentiality, anonymity and the researcher
Authors: Mander Rosemary
Published: January 2018

It is clear that the principle of confidentiality in health care, while carrying certain questionable benefits, is not contentious. In the course of research, confidentiality carries many benefits for all parties, but may present the researcher with certain practical difficulties. This article explores this issue, demonstrating that it is often difficult and inconsistent to implement confidentiality in research.
Marketing midwifery's future
Authors: Hauxwell Brenda , Rees Colin
Published: January 2018

We need to take marketing seriously if midwifery is to maintain its influence within the maternity services. This article makes a number of clear recommendations for the way in which we should now think about promoting ourselves and the services that we provide.
Book reviews
Authors: van den Akker Olga , Stammers Pauline , Bick Debra
Published: January 2018

The Real Facts of Life, Feminism and the Politics of Sexuality cl850-1940

Birth to five (A complete guide to the first five years of being a parent)

Where to be Born? The Debate and the Evidence
Why do some women snatch babies?
Authors: Henry Christine
Published: January 2018

Five years ago, Dawn Griffiths experienced every woman's nightmare when her baby daughter was snatched from St Thomas' hospital in London. Alexandra was only 36 hours old. Seventeen days of agonising worry and anxiety followed until the police eventually traced the woman who had taken her daughter. There have been other incidences similar to this one, the most recent case being that of Abbie Humphries who was taken when she was only 4 hours old. This was reported in the press in July 1994. Abbie's mother was a midwife who had previously worked in the same maternity unit where she had given birth b(Durham and Nelson, 1994).
Assessment overload of student midwives: fact or fiction?
Authors: Steele Rosaline
Published: January 2018

As all courses leading to admission to part 10 of the UKCC Register are now at the minimum of diploma of higher education level, it is opportune to review concerns about the high number of assessments which are a feature of many diploma courses. This article highlights the effects of assessment overload on student midwives' learning as they begin to develop their midwifery skills.
Midwifery in Nepal
Authors: Frazer Patricia E
Published: January 2018

Nepal is a land of great beauty, but the mountainous terrain makes it difficult to develop health-care programmes and provide good education, particularly for women. This article describes how the advent of midwifery education is slowly changing traditional midwifery practice.
Danger – midwives changing shift!
Authors: Robinson Jean
Published: January 2018

At the Association for Improvements in the Maternity Services (AIMS), we have a standard checklist we go through with families who tell us about disastrous birth outcomes. Many years experience with complaints has shown us that certain risk factors keep recurring, and often there is a combination of two or more.

Did staff misinterpret or ignore the information from the fetal heart monitor? Was it night time/weekend/bank holiday? Was a junior hospital doctor/GP trainee dealing with a situation beyond his or her competence? Was it a student or newly qualified midwife? Were the midwives short staffed? Were the midwives changing shift at a crucial time?
Preparing for future incapacity: part 2
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: January 2018

In the second of two articles on the benefits of preparing for future incapacity Richard Griffith discusses the formal powers of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 that promote autonomy and give effect to a person's wishes and feelings
Safeguarding vulnerable adults
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: January 2018

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, focuses on the use of deprivation of liberty safeguards and the Mental Capacity Act and the importance of providing clarity for staff
Reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections: standardising practice
Authors: Cartwright Amy
Published: January 2018

Inspired by innovations in catheter practice from the USA, in 2014 Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust introduced catheterisation standardisation across the Trust's two acute sites. Standardisation was achieved by the introduction of an all-in one catheterisation tray (Bard® Tray), which included all the necessary equipment required for catheterisation, coupled with a training programme. The introduction of the tray was followed by a clinically significant 80% reduction in the CAUTI rate from 2014 to 2016. This reduction in CAUTI rate provided the Trust with a considerable reduction on annual expenditure (nearly £160 000 less in 2016 compared with 2014). The introduction of the tray has additionally improved practice with nursing staff now less likely to forget the necessary equipment before commencing catheterisation as all the components are provided in one place.
The care plan revolution
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: January 2018

Adrian Ashurst, from a personal perspective, outlines the potential benefits from and importance of effective careplanning within a nursing home environment. He illustrates a step-bystep guide to implementing a systematic approach to care plans that can be used by all members of the multidisciplinary team involved in caring for elderly people.
Anatomy and the health professional
Authors: Soames Roger
Published: January 2018

The advent of new imaging and visualising techniques within the past 20 years, in all branches of the anatomical sciences, has revolutionised the understanding of three-dimensional structure and function, as well as the diagnosis and treatment of disease. With these advances, traditional methods of teaching are, quite rightly, being questioned. The great challenge today is to impart an understanding and working knowledge of anatomy without recourse to excessive didactic teaching. In many disciplines problem-based learning may provide the answer, but at what stage within training should it be incorporated? Some advocate its use from day one, while others would insist on an initial period of more formal teaching in order to establish the fundamental principles and concepts.
A transdisciplinary approach to brain injury rehabilitation
Authors: Jackson Howard F , Davies Mark
Published: January 2018

An example of a transdisciplinary model of rehabilitation employed at the Transitional Rehabilitation Unit in Wigan is examined as it relates to the clinical handicaps and impairments of traumatic brain-injured adults. It is argued that the interface between clinical need and organisation of post-acute/community re-entry rehabilitation services is more appropriate within the transdisciplinary framework. Practical issues in relation to the difficulties of implementing a transdisciplinary approach are examined.
The multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinic — the North Tees experience
Authors: Bradshaw Terry
Published: January 2018

A multidisciplinary diabetic foot clinic can make a substantial contribution to the care of the ‘at risk’ diabetic foot. However, such a clinic can be difficult to establish and maintain. Consistent commitment from all team members is vital. This article shares some of the experiences of the diabetic foot clinic team at North Tees General Hospital.
A feminist perspective on the researcher-researched relationship
Authors: Gould Alison
Published: January 2018

This article emphasises the traditional androcentric ‘scientific’ approach to the relationship between the researcher and the researched. It then progresses to justify the feminist perspective on this issue; evaluating if a distinctive feminist methodology exists regarding this relationship. The term ‘researched’ is used to describe the subject of a research study.
The challenges of conducting clinical trials in palliative care
Authors: Ling Julie , Penn Katherine
Published: January 2018

Research is a prerequisite for every specialty; palliative care is no exception. Clinical observation and anecdotal evidence are insufficient, and well designed scientific clinical research trials are required to promote advances within the specialty. Certain challenges exist for the researcher. This article will discuss these demands with reference to informed consent, factors which influence accrual (recruitment) and attrition rates (the loss of participants during the course of a study (Polit and Hungler, 1991), prevailing attitudes and clinical research design.
The need for an International Journal of Palliative Nursing
Authors: Webber Jeanette
Published: January 2018

Responses to the launch of a new journal may vary from pleasure and satisfaction, to a total lack of interest or even frustration. ‘Oh no, not another journal!’, someone will exclaim and, in certain circumstances, this may be a reasonable reaction. However, in the case of the International Journal of Palliative Nursing, it certainly is not. For a variety of reasons, I believe its launch is both timely and appropriate. So, why do we need this journal?
Palliative care in developing countries: luxury or necessity?
Authors: Sembhi Kathleen
Published: January 2018

Palliative care is not a luxury in developing countries. This article challenges the assumption that money spent on the care of people who are terminally ill cannot be justified in the face of many competing claims. The absence of screening and diagnostic services, combined with a cultural reluctance to seek help, frequently results in patients presenting at a late stage in the natural history of their disease. Pain and symptom relief remain the only options. In developing countries, the health care systems and social networks are often inadequate to support terminally ill members of society and it is argued that palliative care home teams would provide the ideal model of care. Palliative care's eligibility for inclusion in the health care budget of Kenya is demonstrated in this article and the difficulties it is facing in other developing countries are described. A case history seeks to show the necessity of palliative care in these areas of the world.
Developing a nursing approach to managing dyspnoea in lung cancer
Authors: Corner Jessica , Plant Hilary , Warner Lynda
Published: January 2018

Dyspnoea, or breathlessness, is a common problem in lung cancer and is frequently difficult to alleviate. Most studies exploring strategies for dyspnoea intervention have focused on pharmacological intervention. The approach described in this article has been developed through an evaluative study of a nursing clinic for lung cancer patients with breathlessness. It used an integrative model of dyspnoea and techniques derived from chronic pulmonary disease rehabilitation. Case examples suggest that this may offer a positive intervention approach in breathlessness management by nurses.