bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the first wave of COVID‐19 on stroke admissions across three tertiary hospitals in Brisbane
Authors: Roizman Michael , Hartel Gunter , Wong Andrew , Brown Helen , Muller Claire , Gillinder Lisa
Published: May 2022

Background

COVID‐19 has caused a global shift in healthcare‐seeking behaviour; however, presentation rates with serious conditions, such as stroke in low COVID‐19‐prevalence cities, has received less attention.

Aims

To determine if there was a significant reduction in stroke admissions, delivery of acute reperfusion therapies, or increased delays to presentation during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort study was performed across three tertiary hospitals in Brisbane, Australia. Cases were identified using ICD‐10 codes and then individually reviewed for eligibility using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. All metrics were compared over 3 months from 1 March to 31 May 2020 with two corresponding 3‐month periods in 2018 and 2019.

Results

There was a mean of 2.15 (95% CI 1.87–2.48) stroke admissions per day in the examined pandemic months compared with 2.13 (95% CI 1.85–2.45) and 2.26 (95% CI 1.97–2.59) in March to May 2018 and 2019 respectively, with no significant difference found (P = 0.81). There was also no difference in rates of intravenous thrombolysis (P = 0.82), endovascular thrombectomy (P = 0.93) and time from last known well to presentation (P = 0.54). Conversely, daily emergency department presentations (including non‐stroke presentations) significantly reduced (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

During the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic there was no significant reduction in stroke presentations, use of acute reperfusion therapies or delays to presentation, despite a reduction in ED presentations for any cause. Our results differ from the global experience, with possible explanations, including differences in public health messaging and healthcare infrastructure.
Mental health nurses' constructions of compassion: A discourse analysis
Authors: Bond Carmel , Hui Ada , Timmons Stephen , Charles Ashleigh
Published: May 2022

Compassion is an important element of contemporary nursing work. Compassion has been recognized as necessary for improving health outcomes. However, very little is known about how compassion is understood in the mental health practice setting. We conducted interviews with seven mental health nurses to explore their perspectives on compassion and views on compassion policy. Analysis of the data revealed that compassion was identified and discussed as Compassion as part of the person (and the profession); Compassion: Fundamental to the nursing role; Barriers to compassion; Perspectives on compassion policy. In addition, findings demonstrated ethical constraints on compassion in the mental health context, as well as the administrative burden on nurses more broadly, which was also a reported barrier to compassion. Mental health nurses identified compassion as fundamental to their clinical practice, yet compassion was impeded owing to practical and emotional constraints upon nurses. System‐wide action must be taken to increase and support the mental health nursing workforce to strengthen the practice of compassion. This will be fundamental to improving health outcomes that are claimed to be enhanced by compassion. This study is reported according to the COREQ guidelines.
High hardness (TiZr)C ceramic with dislocation networks
Authors: Guo Xiao‐Jie , Xin Xiao‐Ting , Bao Weichao , Wang Xin‐Gang , Yang Qing‐Qing , Zeng Yi , Zhang Guo‐Jun , Xu Fangfang
Published: May 2022

Raising the configurational entropy in a solid solution ceramic is regarded as a promising strategy to improve the mechanical properties of ceramics, especially when five or more elements are mixed to form so‐called high‐entropy ceramics. However, in this study, we report that the binary (TiZr)C solid solution ceramics can demonstrate high hardness comparable or even superior to high‐entropy ceramics. Followed by a carbothermal reduction synthesis of carbide powders, the bulk ceramics were synthesized by hot pressing. Via increasing the hot pressing temperature to 2200°C, a full solid solution of equimolar (TiZr)C was obtained in contrast to phase separation at lower sintering temperatures, for example, 2000 and 2100°C. The dislocation networks are observed in the single‐phase (TiZr)C ceramic and should be the product of competition between enthalpy and entropy in a binary full solid solution. These defects finally contribute to the high nano‐hardness of 41.9 ± 1.4 GPa (H) and the Vickers hardness of 22.0 ± 0.6 GPa (HV at 49 N).
Nurse manager intentional rounding and outcomes: Findings of a systematic review
Authors: Bayram Aysun , Özsaban Aysel , Longhini Jessica , Palese Alvisa
Published: May 2022

Aim

To summarize the evidence available on Nurse Manager Intentional Rounding (NMIR) describing the main characteristics and methodological quality of studies available, the features of rounding and the outcomes as measured to date.

Design

A systematic review.

Data Sources

Electronic databases, including MEDLINE‐EBSCHOST, PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, Clinicalkey, ScienceDirect, OVID, Sage Journals and Web of Science, were searched up to June 2021.

Review Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement guideline was used to summarize methods and report findings. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools were used to evaluate the methodology quality of the studies included.

Results

Seven studies were included with pre‐post‐test (n = 3), longitudinal, two‐group post‐tests, quasi‐experimental, and retrospective study designs (n = 1, respectively). In five studies, the nurse managers were trained to conduct the rounding, which was shaped according to three main features: a structured (n = 4), a semi‐structured (n = 1) and an unstructured rounding (n = 2) delivered from high (twice a day 7/7) to low intensity (once a day, 5/7). Two main outcomes have been measured to date, the patient satisfaction and some aspects related to the care quality. Five studies reported that the satisfaction scores of patients who received rounding were significantly higher than that perceived by patients not receiving rounding. About the other aspects of the quality of care, two studies documented significant improvements as a consequence of the NMIR (e.g. information accessibility, discharge instructions, coordination of care after discharge).

Conclusion

Studies available report in general a low methodological quality, mainly due to their pragmatic nature as quality improvement projects. Therefore, transforming this field of research by establishing a methodological rigour and a theoretical foundation in both interventions and outcomes and by designing experimental approaches, might expand the evidence available on the effects of nurse managers intentional rounding.
Erythema multiforme associated with anti‐plakin antibodies: a multicentric retrospective case series
Authors: Weill A. , Descamps V. , Chasset F. , Mahévas T. , Bourgault‐Villada I. , Wolkenstein P. , Chollet‐Martin S. , Ingen‐Housz‐Oro S. , Grootenboer‐Mignot S.
Published: May 2022

Background

Erythema multiforme (EM) is a muco‐cutaneous inflammatory disease mainly triggered by herpes simplex virus (HSV) recurrences. Association of EM and circulating auto‐antibodies against plakins (anti‐PLK‐Abs [EM‐PLK+]) has been reported. However, little is known about this subset of EM.

Objectives

We aimed to describe the clinical and immunological features and response to treatment of EM‐PLK+.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective multicentric study of EM‐PLK+ selected from the database of the immunological laboratory of Bichat hospital, Paris, France, from January 2009 to December 2020. Anti‐PLK‐Abs were detected in ≥1 immunological tests: immunofluorescence assay, immunoblotting and/or ELISA. Patients with alternative diagnoses were excluded.

Results

We included 29 patients (16 women, median age 25 [range 2–58] years). EM‐PLK+ were mostly major (EM with ≥2 mucosal involvements; n = 24, 83%) and relapsing (≥2 flares; n = 23, 79%). Cutaneous lesions were target (n = 13, 54%) and target‐like lesions (n = 9, 38%) with usual topography (acral, n = 19, 79%; limbs, n = 21, 88%). Mucosal lesions affected the mouth (n = 27, 96%) and genitalia (n = 19, 68%), with a median of 2 [range 0–5] mucous membranes. EM‐PLK+ were suspected as certain or possible postherpetic (EM‐HSV) in 19 cases (65.5%); no triggering factors were detected in 9 (31%) patients. Desmoplakin‐I/II Abs were the most frequent anti‐PLK‐Abs (n = 20, 69%); envoplakin and periplakin Abs were detected in 11 and 9 cases. Relapsing EM‐PLK+ (n = 23) were still active (≥1 flare within 6 months) in 13 (57%) patients despite immunosuppressive therapy (n = 8, 62%). Antiviral drugs were ineffective in preventing relapse in 15/16 (94%) EM‐HSV.

Conclusion

The rationale for anti‐PLK‐Ab detection in EM is not elucidated. More systematic research of anti‐PLK‐Abs is warranted to better understand whether this association reflects humoral immune activity in a subset of EM or is fortuitous, related to an epitope spreading process. However, EM‐PLK+ seems to be associated with major and relapsing subtypes, and difficult‐to‐treat cases.
Spawning and maturity traits of coexisting Platycephalidae (Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus, Platycephalus grandispinis, Platycephalus richardsoni) from southeast Australia
Authors: Barnes Lachlan M. , Gray Charles A. , Williamson Jane E.
Published: May 2022

Examination of the spawning and maturity traits of coexisting Platycephalus caeruleopunctatus, Platycephalus grandispinis and Platycephalus richardsoni (Pisces: Platycephalidae) in coastal waters of southeastern Australia identified many commonalities. Each species was gonochoristic, reproductively active for a prolonged period each year, displayed asynchronous oocyte development with indeterminate fecundity and thus likely spawned multiple times throughout each spawning season. Males of all three species matured at smaller total lengths and younger ages than females, with skewed sex ratios reflecting divergent growth characteristics between sexes. Reproductive isolation among species is likely maintained through behavioural and morphological factors as well as species‐specific depth‐related separation of reproductively active individuals. General similarities in the reproductive strategies of each species and with other sympatric coastal teleosts suggest similar ecological adaptations to a variable coastal environment.
Clinical observation and evaluation of CGF in the treatment of androgenic alopecia
Authors: Zhao Fangning , Hao Lijun , Jin Xiaolei
Published: May 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of concentrated growth factor (CGF) injections in patients with androgenic alopecia.

Methods

Venous blood of 60 patients (aged 18–55 years old with a mean age of 38 years) with androgenic alopecia who were treated from September 2017 to September 2019 were collected to prepare CGF. 0.1 ml CGF was injected into the alopecia area with an interval of 30–35 days for a total of 6 times. The evaluation was performed before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after the first injection and 3 and 6 months after the last injection.

Results

Among the 60 patients, 58 cases received 6 treatments completely, 52 cases showed significant improvement, 8 cases improved, and no ineffective or worsening cases were found. Among the 58 patients, hair density, hair follicle density, and hair diameter increased significantly. Furthermore, the hair status of all patients was improved to varying degrees during the 6‐month follow‐up from the digital photographs. No complications such as redness, swelling, infection, and ulceration were found in the injection area, and the patient satisfaction was 93% (56/60).

Conclusion

Concentrated growth factor treatment can significantly improve the symptoms of hair loss and increase hair diameter in patients with androgenic alopecia. It is effective, safe, and worth popularizing.
Trusting without a Safety Net: The Peril of Trust in Base of the Pyramid Economies
Authors: Pryor Christopher , Zahra Shaker A. , Bruton Garry D.
Published: May 2022

In high‐transaction‐cost environments, such as the world's poorest base‐of‐the‐pyramid economies (BOP), trust helps entrepreneurs form partnerships while conserving resources related to monitoring, contracting, and other transaction costs. However, trust can also expose entrepreneurs to their partners' opportunism. In developed economies, effective and consistent legal systems can protect against such opportunism. But what happens when formal institutions are ineffective and inconsistent, as is common in BOP economies, and how does trust influence entrepreneurs' performance subsequent to forming partnerships? We answer these questions, drawing on a sample of 338 entrepreneurs in the Kingdom of Eswatini (formerly known as Swaziland). We find that entrepreneurs' trust has a negative effect on business operating performance, indicating that, given the legal systems in the BOP context, trusting entrepreneurs bear more fully the brunt of opportunism. However, this negative effect can be mitigated when entrepreneurs register their businesses with the government and pay taxes. We also find that, for entrepreneurs who earn income from other businesses, the negative effect of trust on performance is stronger. We found no moderating effect related to entrepreneurs' education.
Slip slidin’ away: Bristle‐driven gliding by Tetradesmus deserticola (Chlorophyta) in microfluidic chambers
Authors: Cardon Zoe G. , Peredo Elena L. , Enloe Cassidy M. , Oakey John S. , Wu Shu‐Zon , Bezanilla Magdalena
Published: May 2022

Microalgae within the Scenedesmaceae are often distinguished by spines, bristles, and other wall characteristics. We examined the dynamic production and chemical nature of bristles extruded from the poles of Tetradesmus deserticola previously isolated from microbiotic crust. Rapidly growing cells in a liquid growth medium were established in polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic chambers specially designed to maintain aerobic conditions over time within a chamber 6–12 μm deep. This geometry enabled in‐focus imaging of single cells over long periods. Differential interference contrast (DIC) imaging revealed that after multiple fission of mother cells, the newly released, lemon‐shaped daughter cells began extruding bristles from each pole. In some instances, the bristles became stuck to either the glass floor or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) walls of the chamber, and the force by which the new bristle was extruded was sufficient to propel the cells across the field of view at ~1.2 μm · h−1. Confocal fluorescence and DIC imaging of cells stained with pontamine fast scarlet and calcofluor, and treated with proteinase K, suggested that bristles are proteinaceous and may also host carbohydrate modifications. The polar bristles extruded by this desert‐derived T. deserticola may simply be relics of bristles produced by an aquatic ancestor for flotation or predator deterrence. But, their tendency to attach to glass (silicate) and/or PDMS surfaces suggests a potential role in tethering cells in place or binding soil particles. T. deserticola is closely related to T. obliquus, which is of interest for biofuels development; extruded bristles in T. deserticola may offer tethers for industrial use of these stress‐tolerant algae.
Gastroenterology Trainees’ Attitudes and Knowledge towards Patients with Disorders of Gut‐Brain Interaction
Authors: Luo Yuying , Dixon Rebekah E. , Shah Brijen J. , Keefer Laurie A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) are highly prevalent, estimated to affect about 40% of the global population. Patients with DGBI are still inadequately treated and face stigma which adversely impacts their disease course.

Methods

A 12‐question multiple‐choice anonymous survey was distributed electronically to all adult gastroenterology fellowship program directors across the United States. Data were collected on demographics, training, attitudes, and knowledge in managing patients with DGBI.

Results

9.8% and 15.9% of all trainees reported that their attendings and peers often demonstrated a dismissive attitude towards patients with DGBI, respectively. 21.4% of all trainees often felt frustrated or burned out when seeing patients with DGBI with increasing odds of burnout by years of training (OR 4.4 for F3 trainees, trainees in their third year of training). Significantly, more female trainees reported frustration and burnout when seeing patients with DGBI (p = 0.005). 28.6% of all trainees report they often do not want to see patients with DGBI in their outpatient GI practice, including 39.6% of F3 trainees. 27.1% of F3 trainees reported that they were uncomfortable with titrating neuromodulators and only 31.6% of all trainees were comfortable knowing when to refer to a gastropsychologist.

Discussion

Many trainees expressed some unwillingness and discomfort in managing patients with DGBI. Potential interventions will require a multi‐pronged and longitudinal approach with education and training initiatives at the trainee level and beyond and exploring systemic healthcare delivery innovations to remove barriers.
The effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa eradication regimens on chronic colonization and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Nayir Buyuksahin Halime , Yalçın Ebru , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Hazırolan Gulsen , Ademhan Tural Dilber , Ozsezen Beste , Sunman Birce , Guzelkas Ismail , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur , Kiper Nural
Published: May 2022

Background

Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization (Pa‐CC) affects cystic fibrosis (CF) progression, including pulmonary exacerbations and pulmonary function tests. There are few studies of the effects of eradication protocols on colonization time. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of eradication regimens on chronic colonization and assess the impact of Pa‐CC on body mass index, lung functions, and pulmonary exacerbations.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted of medical records, over a period of 11 years, of children aged under 18 years with CF who had Pa‐CC in our tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Results

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 215 of our patients with CF during the study period. Forty‐four patients with Pa‐CC were recruited for the study. The eradication treatment for the initial acquisition of P. aeruginosa was inhaled antibiotics in 27 (61.4%) patients; the remainder were given intravenous antibiotics. It was observed that eradication treatment with either IV or inhaled antibiotics did not affect the time between the P. aeruginosa and the time of Pa‐CC(P = 0.791). There was a non‐significant decrease in the body mass index z‐score from the Pa‐IA to the last visit(P = 0.27), a significant decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) (P = 0.01) over time, and the annual number of exacerbations after colonization was significantly higher than before colonization (P = 0.03).

Conclusions

There was no difference between eradication regimens in delaying the age at Pa‐CC. Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization in patients with CF was also associated with poorer lung functions, lower body mass index, and more pulmonary exacerbation regardless of mucoid type. Consequently, to slow the progression of lung disease, we must prevent Pa‐CC, which we can achieve with early eradication. Despite conventional eradication protocols, future studies need to evaluate those who fail to clear P. aeruginosa.
Adaptive digital elevation models construction method based on nonparametric regression
Authors: Li Xiuquan , Hu Jiapei , Liu Xuejun , Yu Jinhui , Feng Chen‐Chieh
Published: May 2022

Interpolation is one of the most critical factors affecting the quality of digital elevation models (DEM) generated from sampling point data. However, existing methods have not taken into full account that the interpolation function should be consistent with the density and direction characteristics of sampling points. Therefore, an adaptive DEM construction method based on nonparametric regression (AdpNPR‐DEM) is proposed, which incorporates an adaptive kernel that changes according to local landform types. The method first estimates local terrain features, and second the dominant orientation of the local gradients. The orientation information adaptively “steers” the local kernel to produce elongated, elliptical contours that spread along the directions of local terrain features. The effectiveness of the AdpNPR‐DEM is verified based on directional features, the number of sampling points, and typical landform types. The results show that, compared with triangulated irregular network (TIN), natural neighbor interpolation (NNI), and the Australian National University digital elevation model (ANUDEM) interpolation method, AdpNPR‐DEM has the highest accuracy for all landform types and a better level of robustness. Our method improves the quality of DEM in areas with complex landforms. It could significantly promote the high‐quality production of DEMs, and also promisingly broaden and deepen its applications.
Cysteines have a role in conformation of the UVR8 photoreceptor
Authors: Liao Xinyang , Jenkins Gareth I.
Published: May 2022

The UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) photoreceptor mediates plant responses to Ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) wavelengths. The UVR8 dimer dissociates into monomers following UV‐B photoreception, a process accompanied by conformational changes that facilitate interaction of UVR8 with proteins that initiate responses. However, the importance of particular amino acids in maintaining UVR8 conformation and modulating protein interactions is poorly understood. Here we examine the roles of cysteine amino acids C231 and C335 in UVR8 structure and function. UVR8C231S,C335S mutant protein forms dimers and monomerizes similarly to wild‐type UVR8. UVR8C231S,C335S interacts with CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) in plants to initiate photomorphogenic responses to UV‐B, although the interaction is weaker when examined in yeast two‐hybrid assays. Similarly, the interaction of UVR8C231S,C335S with REPRESSOR OF UV‐B PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS (RUP) proteins is weaker in both plants and yeast compared with wild‐type UVR8. Re‐dimerization of UVR8 in plants, which is mediated by RUP proteins, occurs with reduced efficiency in UVR8C231S,C335S. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer analysis indicates that UVR8C231S,C335S has an altered conformation in plants, in that the N‐ and C‐termini appear closer together, which may explain the altered protein interactions.
How do we…form and coordinate a national serosurvey of SARS‐CoV‐2 within the blood collection industry?
Authors: Fink Rebecca V. , Fisher Lois , Sulaeman Hasan , Dave Honey , Levy Matthew E. , McCann Lily , Di Germanio Clara , Notari Edward P. , Green Valerie , Cyrus Sherri , Williamson Phillip , Saa Paula , Haynes James M. , Groves Jamel , Mathew Sunitha , Kaidarova Zhanna , Bruhn Roberta , Grebe Eduard , Opsomer Jean , Jones Jefferson M. , Miller Maureen J. , Busch Michael P. , Stone Mars
Published: May 2022

Background

A national serosurvey of U.S. blood donors conducted in partnership with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was initiated to estimate the prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and vaccinations.

Methods

Beginning in July 2020, the Nationwide Blood Donor Seroprevalence Study collaborated with multiple blood collection organizations, testing labs, and leadership from government partners to capture, test, and analyze approximately 150,000 blood donation specimens per month in a repeated, cross‐sectional seroprevalence survey.

Results

A CDC website (https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#nationwide-blood-donor-seroprevalence) provided stratified, population‐level results to public health professionals and the general public.

Discussion

The study adapted operations as the pandemic evolved, changing specimen flow and testing algorithms, and collecting additional data elements in response to changing policies on universal blood donation screening and administration of SARS‐CoV‐2 spike‐based vaccines. The national serosurvey demonstrated the utility of serosurveillance testing of residual blood donations and highlighted the role of the blood collection industry in public–private partnerships during a public health emergency.
Suppurative spinal meningomyelitis in a dog with intra‐neutrophilic cerebrospinal fluid cells Ehrlichia canis morulae
Authors: Frankar Hadrien , Le Boedec Kevin , Beurlet Stéphanie , Cauzinille Laurent
Published: May 2022

A 2‐year‐old castrated male Creole Shepherd mixed dog was presented for non‐ambulatory paraparesis of the pelvic limbs. The magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were consistent with meningomyelitis. Positive serology for Ehrlichia canis/Ehrlichia ewingii suggested exposure to a pathogen; qPCR on the serum and the CSF confirmed active infection. Ehrlichial morulae were observed within CSF and peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils; a species‐specific PCR confirmed E. canis infection. This is an interesting report of E. canis infection in a dog with morulae observed in neutrophils both in the peripheral blood and CSF.
Influence of unilateral and bilateral vocal cordectomy on airflow across cadaveric equine larynges at different Rakestraw grades of arytenoid abduction
Authors: Lean Natasha E. , Bertin Francois R. , Ahern Benjamin J.
Published: May 2022

Objective

To assess the effect of vocal cordectomy on airflow across equine larynges at different Rakestraw grades of arytenoid abduction using a unidirectional airflow model.

Study design

Ex vivo, repeated measures.

Sample population

Twenty cadaveric equine larynges.

Methods

The right arytenoid cartilage was maximally abducted in all larynges. Each larynx was assigned a Rakestraw grade A or B, and the left arytenoid was abducted accordingly. Each larynx was tested under 3 conditions: intact, left vocal cordectomy (LVC), and bilateral vocal cordectomy (BVC). Translaryngeal pressure and airflow were measured, and digital video footage was obtained. Translaryngeal impedance (TLI) was calculated, and the arytenoid left‐to‐right quotient angle (LRQ) and rima glottis cross‐sectional area (CSA) were measured from standardized still images.

Results

Vocal cordectomy reduced TLI by 14.5% in LVC in comparison with intact larynges at Rakestraw grade B (P = .014). In Rakestraw grade A position, neither unilateral nor bilateral vocal cordectomy had any effect on TLI. Regardless of Rakestraw allocation, both LVC and BVC increased CSA in comparison with intact larynges (P < .005), with BVC larynges experiencing a greater effect than LVC (P < .0001).

Conclusion

Using a unilateral airflow model, LVC improved TLI in larynges where arytenoid position approximated Rakestraw grade B. However, when the arytenoid position approximated Rakestraw grade A, there was no effect on TLI following LVC or BVC.

Clinical significance

Surgeons considering a vocal cordectomy should take into account the degree of arytenoid abduction before performing the procedure, as it may not be warranted from a TLI point of view.
Strong Branding for World Recognition
Authors: Ding Xiaoming , Lesh Tom
Published: May 2022

This article elaborates how ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code has played an integral role in supporting the success of Foster Wheelers’ business in the past 87 years. Foster Wheeler Power Machinery Co. Ltd. (FWPMCL) was established in China over 20 years ago and is today Foster Wheeler’s largest manufacturing facility. FWPMCL possesses an impressive résumé, supplying high-quality boiler pressure part components for the entire range of Foster Wheeler designs such as super- and subcritical pulverized coal and circulating fluidized bed equipment, heat recovery steam generators, and waste heat and solar boilers to customers around the world. All Foster Wheeler manufacturing facilities are proud holders of ASME Certificates of Authorization. FWPMCL in China holds both ‘S’ and ‘PP’ stamps. The Code has supported Foster Wheeler in maintaining the integrity of its brand and reputation for consistently delivering high-quality products globally at a competitive price.
Model-Based Transmission Control
Authors: Sun Zongxuan , Dourra Hussein
Published: May 2022

This article presents an overview of model-based transmission control. The transmission is an integral part of the automotive powertrain and connects the engine to the vehicle via the driveline. Just as for the internal combustion engine, traditional transmission control has been conducted with extensive calibrations. This is mainly due to the lack of precise models and low cost sensors that can enable real-time model-based feedback control. However the calibration-based approach is facing more challenges as the recent trend in transmission systems has driven up the time and cost associated with the calibration process. Recently, eight and nine speed transmissions have been introduced. The increasing number of different types of transmissions and the gear ratios can drastically increase the burden for control calibration. This calls for control-oriented model development and model-based control. Transmission control is mainly concerned with the transmission shift scheduling and gear ratio shift control. This shift scheduling determines when to shift and which gear to shift.
Influence of the electron kinetics on Ar/NF3 inductively coupled plasma
Authors: Levko Dmitry , Raja Laxminarayan L.
Published: May 2022

A self-consistent two-dimensional axisymmetric fluid plasma model coupled with Maxwell's equations is used to analyze the plasma kinetics of inductively coupled Ar/NF3 low-pressure plasma. We have developed a plasma chemical reaction mechanism for Ar/NF3 plasma and validated the same against the experimental data found in the literature. We analyze two sets of the electron-neutral reaction rate coefficients obtained for assumed Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution functions. We find that the electron density in the discharge is sensitive to the choice of the electron energy distribution, while the fluorine atoms density is less sensitive. Since the density of atoms is controlled by a balance between production by dissociation reactions and diffusion to the walls, their density is very sensitive to the wall sticking probability.
Detection of Bourbon Virus-Specific Serum Neutralizing Antibodies in Human Serum in Missouri, USA
Authors: Bamunuarachchi Gayan , Harastani Houda , Rothlauf Paul W. , Dai Ya-nan , Ellebedy Ali , Fremont Daved , Whelan Sean P. J. , Wang David , Boon Adrianus C. M.
Published: May 2022

Since the discovery of the Bourbon virus (BRBV) in 2014, a total of five human cases have been identified, including two fatal cases. BRBV is thought to be transmitted by the lone star tick, which is prevalent in the eastern, southeastern, and midwestern United States.
Development of an Efficient C-to-T Base-Editing System and Its Application to Cellulase Transcription Factor Precise Engineering in Thermophilic Fungus
Myceliophthora thermophila
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Li Nan , Rao Lang , Li Jingen , Liu Qian , Tian Chaoguang
Published: May 2022

A CRISPR/Cas-based base-editing approach has been developed to introduce point mutations without inducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) and attracted substantial academic and industrial interest. Our study developed the deaminase-cytosine base-editing system to efficiently edit three target genes,
amdS
,
cre-1
, and the essential cellulase regulator gene
Mtclr-2
, in
Myceliophthora thermophila
.
Impact of dapagliflozin treatment on renal function and diuretics use in acute heart failure: a pilot study
Authors: Charaya Kristina , Shchekochikhin Dmitry , Andreev Denis , Dyachuk Irina , Tarasenko Svetlana , Poltavskaya Maria , Mesitskaya Dinara , Bogdanova Alexandra , Ananicheva Natalia , Kuzub Alina
Published: May 2022

Objective

To determine the impact of sodium-dependent glucose type 2 cotransporter inhibitors on the renal function in acute heart failure.

Methods

In a single-centre, controlled, randomised study, patients were prescribed dapagliflozin in addition to standard therapy, or were in receipt of standard therapy. The prespecified outcome was renal function deterioration; the secondary outcomes were the development of resistance to diuretics, weight loss, death during hospitalisation and the rehospitalisation or death for any reason within 30 days following discharge.

Results

102 patients were included (73.4±11.7 years, 57.8% men). The average left ventricular ejection fraction was 44.9%±14.7%, the average N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was 4706 (1757; 11 244) pg/mL, the average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 51.6±19.5 mL/min. eGFR decreased 48 hours after randomisation in the dapagliflozin group (−4.2 (−11.03; 2.28) mL/min vs 0.3 (−6; 6) mL/min; p=0.04) but did not differ between the groups on discharge (54.71±19.18 mL/min and 58.92±24.65 mL/min; p=0.36). The incidence of worsening renal function did not differ (34.4% vs 15.2%; p=0.07). In the dapagliflozin group, there was less tendency to increase the dose of loop diuretics (14% vs 30%; p=0.048), lower average doses of loop diuretics (78.46±38.95 mg/day vs 102.82±31.26 mg/day; p=0.001) and more significant weight loss (4100 (2950; 5750) g vs 3000 (1380; 4650) g; p=0.02). In-hospital mortality was 7.8% (4(8%) in the dapagliflozin and 4 (7.7%) in the control group (p=0.95). The number of deaths within 30 days following discharge in the dapagliflozin group and in the control group was 9 (19%) and 12 (25%), p=0.55; the number of rehospitalisations was 14 (29%) and 17 (35%), respectively (p=0.51).

Conclusion

The use of dapagliflozin was associated with a more pronounced weight loss and less need to increase diuretic therapy without significant deterioration of the renal function. Dapagliflozin did not improve the in-hospital and 30-day prognosis after discharge.

Trial registration number

N04778787.
Neurology teambuilding event
Authors: Smith Phil E M , Pierri Malisa
Published: May 2022

Good teamwork underpins excellent clinical services; a formal (typically annual) teambuilding event can help to foster a team’s sense of purpose and ensure solidity and collaboration between team members. We have held several Epilepsy Unit teambuilding events and use this experience to identify their essential components and suggestions for various workplace-based and leisure activities to include. Other neurology teams might consider similar events to help develop their teamworking.
Tidal forces in dirty black hole spacetimes
Authors: Lima Junior Haroldo C. D. , Corrêa Mateus M. , Macedo Caio F. B. , Crispino Luís C. B.
Published: May 2022

Black holes can be inserted in very rich astrophysical environments, such as accretion disks. Although isolated black holes are simple objects in general relativity, their accretion disks may significantly enrich the field configurations of their surroundings. Alternative theories of gravity can lead to novel black hole solutions, which can be represented by small deviations in the metric due to an effective stress-energy tensor. Among the key aspects of the interaction of black holes with their surroundings, stand tidal forces phenomena. We study the tidal forces of spherically symmetric black holes in the presence of effective matter fields, dubbed asdirty black holes. These effective fields can generically represent usual or exotic matter associated to a variety of gravity theories. We show that thisdirtinessleads to characteristic imprints in the tidal forces, which are absent in the case of a black hole surrounded by vacuum. We apply our results to particular cases, such as black holes coupled to linear and nonlinear electrodynamics theories and a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by a spherical shell.
Normalized solutions with positive energies for a coercive problem and application to the cubic–quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Jeanjean Louis , Lu Sheng-Sen
Published: May 2022

In any dimension [Formula: see text], for given mass [Formula: see text] and when the [Formula: see text] energy functional [Formula: see text] is coercive on the mass constraint [Formula: see text] we are interested in searching for constrained critical points at positive energy levels. Under general conditions on [Formula: see text] and for suitable ranges of the mass, we manage to construct such critical points which appear as a local minimizer or correspond to a mountain pass or a symmetric mountain pass level. In particular, our results shed some light on the cubic–quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in [Formula: see text].
Proper time quantization of a thin shell
Authors: Vaz Cenalo
Published: May 2022

“Time” has different meanings in classical general relativity and in quantum theory. While all choices of a time function yield the same local classical geometries, quantum theories built on different time functions are not unitarily equivalent. This incompatibility is most vivid in model systems for which exact quantum descriptions in different time variables are available. One such system is a spherically symmetric, thin dust shell. In this paper, we will compare the quantum theories of the shell built on proper time and on a particular coordinate time. We find wholly incompatible descriptions: whereas the shell quantum mechanics in coordinate time admits no solutions when the mass is greater than the Planck mass, its proper time quantum mechanics only admits solutions when the mass is greater than the Planck mass. The latter is in better agreement with what is expected from observation. We argue that proper time quantization provides a superior approach to the problem of time in canonical quantization.
An improvement of a key exchange protocol relying on polynomial maps
Authors: Suzuki Keita , Nuida Koji
Published: May 2022

Akiyama et al. [A key exchange protocol relying on polynomial maps, Int. J. Math. Ind. 11 (2019) 195003] proposed a post-quantum key exchange protocol that is based on the hardness of solving a system of multivariate nonlinear polynomial equations but has a design strategy different from ordinary multivariate cryptography. Their protocol has two versions, an original one and a modified one, where the modified one has a trade-off that its security is strengthened while it has nonzero error probability in establishing a common key. In fact, the evaluation in their paper suggests that the probability of failing to establish a common key by the modified protocol with the proposed parameter set is impractically high. In this paper, we improve the success probability of Akiyama et al.’s modified key exchange protocol significantly while keeping the security, by restricting each component of the correct common key from the whole of the coefficient field to its small subset. We give theoretical and experimental evaluations showing that our proposed parameter set for our protocol is expected to achieve both failure probability [Formula: see text] and 128-bit security level.
Application of Homogenized Load-Bearing Ring Hypothesis in Roadway Supporting
Authors: Zhang Quntao , Zheng Jianwei , Sun Xiaodong , Li Wenzhou , Yi Kang , Fu Yukai , Shi Jiulin , Wang Shuai , Liu Biao , Wang Qi
Published: May 2022

Artificial support system takes advantages of self-bearing capacity of surrounding rock mass in roadway support, which is one of the important supporting ideas in modern times. The implementation way of an artificial support system is worthy of deep investigation. In this study, an HLBR hypothesis was proposed with comprehensive consideration of mechanical properties of surrounding rock mass based on the reinforced arch theory and axial variation theory. A model of bearing structure in surrounding rock mass was constructed, and the stress state on the bearing structure was analyzed. It was believed that when the axial ratio (k) of this bearing structure is equal to the lateral stress factor (λ) (which is the optimal axial ratio), the tangential stress on the bearing boundary reaches the minimum and is in uniform distribution. At this moment, the roadway and the supporting structure can make good use of the self-carrying capacity of surrounding rock mass, which is conducive to lowering the stress distribution level of surrounding rock mass. According to prestress diffusion characteristics of bolt, some ways to achieve HLBR were proposed, which were the optimal axial ratio design, difference support and local grouting modification, and finally performance of the original support design in a belt roadway of the mining district IV of a mine in Shanxi Province. A new supporting scheme was provided according to the HLBR hypothesis. In addition, the FLAC3D strain-softening model was modified by C++, which was used to interpret the reasonability of the suggested supporting scheme. The proposed HLBR hypothesis discloses ways to use self-capacity of surrounding rock mass. This study provides a new idea for roadway sectional design and roadway support design, which are beneficial to maintaining the stability of surrounding rock mass in roadways.
Online Visual Communication and Scene Reconstruction of Cruise Travel under the Background of Virtual Reality
Authors: Su Aihua , Wang Yajuan
Published: May 2022

This paper takes the cruise passenger cabin as the research object, builds the virtual environment model according to the relevant theoretical knowledge and materials, introduces and studies the theory of ergonomic design evaluation, establishes the human-machine environment evaluation index system and comprehensive evaluation model of the cruise passenger cabin, introduces several common comprehensive evaluation methods, compares the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, and combines them with this design object so as to select the applicable evaluation method to evaluate the cabin design scheme. It also introduces several common comprehensive evaluation methods, compares the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, combines them with the design object, so as to select the applicable evaluation methods to evaluate the cabin design scheme and make the cabin design evaluation more systematic, accurate, and reasonable, realizes the three-dimensional visualization of the cruise ship cabin based on virtual reality technology and other technologies, and conducts the ergonomic evaluation of the design effect. The relevant knowledge involved includes human-machine-environment system engineering theory, 3D modeling theory, hierarchical analysis theory, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation theory, and virtual reality development theory. The concept of intelligent environment design is introduced into the environmental design of the intelligent entertainment system of cruise ships, and after the systematic study of the user’s demand level and cabin environment design element system, the problems existing in it are handled and combined with intelligent products, the different functions of intelligence are classified and studied, and the different forms of control are specifically studied to provide the basis for the subsequent specific design. In the case study, an overall evaluation of the architectural aesthetics of the target ship was derived through evaluation experiments. Based on the results, specific indicators at different levels can be traced, thus providing guidance directions for optimal design. The methods such as fuzzy synthesis evaluation and the idea of integrating the evaluation process with VR experience adopted in this paper can provide reference ideas for similar studies.
Mathematical Analysis of the Healthcare Treatment of 215 Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Tao Meiyi , Sun Shengli , Qin Yuelan , Wu Juan , Cai Yimin , Li Dandan , Tang Ke , Li Ling , Wu Shuang
Published: May 2022

The main risk factors for CHD and the comorbidity include hyperlipidemia (HL), hypertension, smoking, dietary factors, and genetic factors. In this work, 215 patients with coronary heart disease, including 128 males and 87 females, were analyzed for a better understanding of the related clinical pharmacology. Nonparametric test, analysis of variance, chi-square test, correlation analysis, and other methods were used to sort out the data. From the analysis, there are significant differences in age among different gender samples. The incidence of coronary heart disease in men is five years younger than that in women. The sample pairs from different regions showed differences in the presence of family history of diabetes, indicating that a series of patients in some regions concentrated on the disease status of family history of diabetes. Age has a significant positive effect on cardiac functional classification. The older you are, the larger the cardiac functional classification is and the worse the cardiac function is. Age was negatively correlated with VTE score, diastolic blood pressure, CAR, TG, neutrophil, and TC. The older you are, the lower these six values are. Samples of different types of CHD showed significant differences in the presence of comorbidity and family history of CHD. The most significant are unstable angina pectoris and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Samples of different CHD types showed significant effects on VTE score, creatine kinase, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL⁃C), and lactate dehydrogenase. The highest lactate dehydrogenase is ischemic cardiomyopathy. The highest LDL cholesterol is ST-segment elevation angina. The highest creatine kinase is ischemic cardiomyopathy. The VTE score was the highest for ischemic cardiomyopathy, followed by non-ST-segment elevation angina. Samples taken with or without lipid-lowering drugs showed significant differences in lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and TC. There was a significant positive correlation between VTE scores and lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and creatine kinase. High VTE score indicates high lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and creatine kinase. TC has a significant positive correlation with HDL⁃C and TG, respectively. Higher TC values indicate higher HDL⁃C and TG values.
An Anchor Node Selection Scheme for Improving RSS-Based Localization in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Cheng Jing , Li Ya , Xu Qingyuan
Published: May 2022

Accurate location information is essential for various emerging applications in wireless sensor network (WSN). In order to improve localization accuracy, it is of paramount importance to reduce the effects of noisy distance measurements. This paper proposes an anchor node selection scheme for Received Signal Strength- (RSS-) based localization in WSN. In the proposed approach, the nodes are sorted firstly to select anchor nodes reasonably, and to further reduce the influence of range error, the weight is assigned to each selected anchor node. Finally, an effective modified cuckoo search algorithm is used to compute the coordinates of unknown nodes. Extensive experiments are conducted to study the effects of anchor node ratio, ranging error factor and node density on the localization accuracy performance of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method performs better in improving localization accuracy compared with the localization technique without special anchor selection scheme which selects all anchors’ information received and the localization technique selecting nearest anchors.
Decision-Making Framework Based on Multineutrosophic Soft Rough Sets
Authors: Alsager Kholood Mohammad
Published: May 2022

The uncertain data appear in majority of real-world phenomena regarding business, engineering, manufacturing, industries, medical, and other social fields. The neutrosophic sets (NSs), soft sets (SSs), and rough sets (RSs) are distinct mathematical models to deal with different types of uncertainties in data and information. Nowadays, several hybrid models are emerging as their combination or their further generalizations. In this paper, the concept of multineutrosophic fuzzy soft rough sets (MNFSRSs) by combining multineutrosophic fuzzy soft sets (MNSSs) with RSs is presented. Certain eminent features of the proposed structure are investigated. Moreover, a general decision-making (DM) algorithm is described for DM problems to indicate the effectiveness of the presented model.