bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delayed excretion of high‐dose methotrexate in pediatric acute leukemia correlates with laxative and constipation management
Authors: Belsky Jennifer A. , Chavana Ashley , Banerjee Ankona , Zobeck Mark , Schafer Eric S. , Rabin Karen R. , Gramatges Monica , Sim Alex , Leisinger Audrey , Reddy Trisha , Parod Megan J. , Lupo Philip , Scheurer Michael , Brown Austin L. , Bernhardt M. Brooke
Published: October 2024

Background

Delayed excretion of high‐dose methotrexate (HD‐MTX) in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) can result in significant morbidity. While methotrexate is primarily renally excreted, HD‐MTX may overwhelm renal excretion and increase reliance on fecal elimination. This study evaluated the association between laxative use for constipation and delayed excretion of HD‐MTX.

Methods

This multisite chart review included pediatric patients with ALL (2010–2020) who received HD‐MTX (5 g/m2). Delayed excretion was defined as a serum MTX concentration greater than 0.4 µM at Hour 48. We identified use of laxative medications after each HD‐MTX infusion, with receipt of two or more doses considered a proxy for constipation. Multilevel logistic regression models evaluated associations between clinical factors and delayed HD‐MTX excretion to account for multiple MTX cycles per individual.

Results

A total of 533 eligible patients received 1875 HD‐MTX infusions. Patients were mostly male (59.8%), Hispanic (56.7%), with a median age of 9.5 years. Delayed excretion was observed following 42.7% of HD‐MTX infusions, and patients received two or more laxative doses during 19.9% of infusions. Independent of other factors, individuals who received two or more laxative doses were nearly 60% (odds ratio 1.58; 95% confidence interval: 1.19–2.09; p = .002) more likely to experience delayed excretion compared to those receiving fewer than two laxative doses.

Conclusion

Receipt of at least two laxative doses was independently associated with delayed methotrexate excretion in pediatric patients with ALL. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm the secondary effects of constipation and confirm the association with constipation and identify clinical benefits that optimize drug excretion.
The improved viscoelastic properties of long‐length carbon nanotubes reinforced polyamide‐6 composites
Authors: Tripathy Sangita , Chauhan Gaurav Singh , Jyoti Jeevan , Dhakate S. R. , Singh Bhanu Pratap
Published: October 2024

The semi‐crystallinity, thermoplasticity, high toughness, and light weight of polyamide‐6 (PA6) when reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide outstanding physical properties to the nanocomposites by combining the physical properties of both components. The processing difficulties arising due to the high toughness and abrasion resistance of PA6 and the agglomeration of in‐house synthesized long‐length CNTs can be tackled by melt‐mixing the components inside a twin‐screw extruder with a back‐flow channel. The 0.1–7 parts per hundred ratios (phr) of CNTs reinforced PA6 composites were characterized for their viscoelastic properties through oscillatory rheometry and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) at fixed operating conditions. The outcomes showed continuous shiftings in storage and loss modulus values with increasing reinforcements along with a viscoelastic transition at 3 phr CNTs reinforcements observed in DMA. A 19°C rise in glass transition temperature (Tg) was observed in DMA with 0.1 phr CNTs reinforcement, which showed further improvements with increasing CNTs content. The interactions among PA6 and CNTs were further confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy curves. These nanocomposites promise mechanical applications in the equipments of automobiles, aerospace, defense, biomedical, bio‐sensors, etc.

Highlights

Viscoelastic properties study for CNTs/PA6 composites

Uniform intermixing of CNTs within PA6 via extrusion with back‐flow channel

Detailed analysis of rheometry and DMA of the composites

CNTs‐PA6 interactions estimated from rising intensity peaks in Raman spectra and X‐ray diffraction (XRD)

Potential candidates for components in automobiles, aircraft, biomedicals, and sports industry
Enhancing directional thermal conductivity in hexagonal boron nitride reinforced epoxy composites through robust interfacial bonding
Authors: Mehdipour Mostafa , Doğan Semih , Hezarkhani Marjan , Dericiler Kuray , Arık Muhammet Nasuh , Yıldırım Cennet , Beylergil Bertan , Yildiz Mehmet , Saner Okan Burcu
Published: October 2024

Establishing a robust interfacial bond between hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) plates and the epoxy matrix is essential for enhancing heat transfer, which is difficult because of h‐BN's low‐surface energy, tendency to clump together, and the chemical inertness of the epoxy matrix. This research shows different techniques for treating the surface of h‐BN fillers by applying acids and thermal processes to activate the surface. The silanization process was used to increase the silane content on the surface of activated h‐BN in order to make it more compatible with the epoxy matrix. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed silicon peaks (Si2s peak at 150.1 eV and Si2p peak at 100.3 eV) in the spectrum of silane‐treated samples. Heat treatment resulted in the production of more oxygen molecules on the shell of h‐BN compared to the acid treatment. Here, the primary focus was on examining how surface treatment affects thermal conductivity (TC) performance in both in‐plane and through‐thickness paths. There was an increase in the epoxy's TC perpendicular to the plane, going from 0.21 to 0.47 (W/mK), showing a remarkable 123.8% enhancement by adding 10 wt% of silane‐modified‐thermal treated h‐BN particles. The improvement resulted from effectively silanizing the exterior boundary of h‐BN particles, enhancing connection and distribution in the epoxy matrix. Surface modification of h‐BN‐epoxy composites improves TC, leading to better heat conduction in thermal management systems, benefiting industries like aerospace, automotive, and energy systems.

Highlights

Silanization of h‐BN for better filler‐matrix bonding leading to improved heat transfer

Boosting thermal conductivity in the through‐thickness direction with surface‐modified h‐BN

Significant improvement in through‐thickness thermal conductivity with treated h‐BN.

Thermal treatment of h‐BN produced better oxygenation than acid treatment.

Application in aerospace and automotive through improved heat transfer.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis with the Pasteurella hyaluronan synthase; production of a multitude of defined authentic, derivatized, and analog polymers
Authors: DeAngelis Paul L.
Published: October 2024

Hyaluronan (HA; [‐3‐GlcNAc‐1‐beta‐4‐GlcA‐1‐beta]n), an essential matrix polysaccharide of vertebrates and the molecular camouflage coating in certain pathogens, is polymerized by “HA synthase” (HAS) enzymes. Three HAS classes have been identified with biotechnological utility, but only the Class II PmHAS from Pasteurella multocida Type A has been useful for preparation of very defined HA polymers in vitro. Two general chemoenzymatic strategies with different size products are possible: (1) repetitive step‐wise extension reactions by sequential addition of a single monosaccharide from a donor UDP‐sugar onto an acceptor (or “primer”) comprised of a short glycosaminoglycan chain (e.g., HA di‐, tri‐ or tetrasaccharide) or an artificial glucuronide yielding homogeneous oligosaccharides in the range of 2 to ~20 monosaccharide units (n = 1 to ~10), or (2) “one‐pot” polymerization reactions employing acceptor‐mediated synchronization with stoichiometric size control yielding quasi‐monodisperse (i.e., polydispersity approaching 1; very narrow size distributions) polysaccharides in the range of ~7 kDa to ~2 MDa (n = ~17 to 5000). In either strategy, acceptors containing non‐carbohydrate functionalities (e.g., biotin, fluorophores, amines) can add useful moieties to the reducing termini of HA chains at 100% efficiency. As a further structural diversification, PmHAS can utilize a variety of unnatural UDP‐sugar analogs thus adding novel groups (e.g., trifluoroacetyl, alkyne, azide, sulfhydryl) along the HA backbone and/or at its nonreducing terminus. This review discusses the current understanding and recent advances in HA chemoenzymatic synthesis methods using PmHAS. This powerful toolbox has potential for creation of a multitude of HA‐based probes, therapeutics, drug conjugates, coatings, and biomaterials.
A proteomic atlas of glypican‐3 interacting partners: Identification of alpha‐fetoprotein and other extracellular proteins as potential immunotherapy targets in liver cancer
Authors: Zhang Yi‐Fan , Lin Shaoli , Xiao Zhen , Ho Mitchell
Published: October 2024

Antibody and cell‐based therapeutics targeting cell surface receptors have emerged as a major class of immune therapeutics for treating cancer. However, the number of cell surface targets for cancer immunotherapy remains limited. Glypican‐3 (GPC3) is a cell surface proteoglycan and an oncofetal antigen. In this study, we report a large‐scale tumor‐associated GPC3 co‐immunoprecipitation‐proteomic study using liver cancer xenograft tumors in mice. We identified 153 GPC3‐associated proteins through mass spectrometry. To identify potential drug targets, we categorized GPC3‐associated proteins based on their subcellular locations using UniProt annotations, with a focus on extracellular proteins. Additionally, we annotated differentially expressed proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma versus nontumor liver samples based on the literature, analyzed expression levels in tumor versus normal tissues using TCGA and GTEx databases via GEPIA, and identified prognostic liver cancer markers according to GEPIA. Among GPC3‐associated proteins, immunoglobulin superfamily member 1, alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), FAT atypical cadherin 1, formin 1, and guanylate cyclase 2 C, were identified as potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we validated the direct protein interaction between GPC3 and AFP through immunoprecipitation with purified proteins and through co‐localization imaging using immunofluorescence microscopy. This study provides large proteomic datasets related to GPC3‐associated proteins, enhancing our understanding of glypican biology in cancer cells and offering a new approach to identifying immunotherapy targets.
Evaluation of Voltage Effect on FE‐DBD Plasma for Skin Treatment: Biometrics Analysis and Hyperspectral Investigation
Authors: Charipoor Parisa , Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Ostovarpour Farzaneh , Amirkhani Mohammad Amir , Ghasemi Erfan , Nouri Maryam , Eskandari Najmeh , Dilmaghanian Aydin , Shokri Babak , Khani Mohammadreza
Published: October 2024

In this research, animal samples were subjected to skin rejuvenation using the floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge plasma device. Plasma processing was performed on the dorsal area of the rat's neck, covering a surface area of 18 cm2. Biometric assessments, encompassing measurements of skin surface evaporation, moisture content, melanin and erythema levels, as well as skin firmness and elasticity, were conducted before treatment initiation, immediately posttreatment, at the 4th and the 10th week during the follow‐up period. Physical examinations were employed to investigate and record the active species generated by plasma as well as the temperature of the skin surface. The skin ultrasound device was utilized to assess the density and thickness of both the epidermis and dermis.
Condition assessment and predictive maintenance for contact probe using health index and encoder‐decoder LSTM model
Authors: Luk Shun‐Sun , Jin Yanwen , Zhang Xiaoge , Ng Vincent To‐Yee , Huang Jingyuan , Wong Chak‐Nam
Published: October 2024

Contact probe is broadly used for the continuous monitoring of microelectronic components in manufacturing industries. False rejection of fine product due to defective contact probe significantly reduces the yield in production. Traditionally, defect detection for contact probes heavily depends on a valid range manually defined by engineers over the measured value of certain parameters. However, the subjective range defined according to engineer experience is prone to trigger a high rate of false alarms due to the inherent noise in the measured parameters. To address this issue, we construct a health index (HI) with the contact resistance‐directly‐related features to help monitor and assess the condition of contact probe. Based on the established HI, we develop Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) encoder‐decoder machine learning model to assess the condition of contact probe by forecasting the HI value in the future. Encoders from LSTM and convolutional neural network (CNN) are selected as the encoder‐decoder architecture for the sequence‐to‐sequence prediction due to their advantage in extracting the correlation of features at different scales. An explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) technique named Local interpretable model‐agnostic explanations (LIME) is used to quantify the contribution of each feature to the model prediction. The encoder from CNN is found to outperform the LSTM encoder in extracting the inter‐feature correlation. Finally, the predicted HI is used to signal the alarm for the maintenance action of contact probe when its value is below a predefined threshold. Comparison between the action alarm triggered by the developed HI and the actual maintenance records suggests that the proposed approach achieves at least 75% accuracy for the triggered alarm in the next 15 mins.
Developmental and functional roles of androgen and interactive signals for external genitalia and erectile tissues
Authors: Hashimoto Daiki , Fujimoto Kota , Nakata Masanori , Suzuki Takuya , Kumegawa Shinji , Ueda Yuko , Suzuki Kentaro , Asamura Shinichi , Yamada Gen
Published: October 2024

Background

Recent progress in molecular and signal analyses revealed essential functions of cellular signals including androgen and related growth factors such as Wnt regulators for external genitalia (ExG) development and its pathogenesis. Accumulated data showed their fundamental functions also for erectile tissue (corporal body) development and its abnormalities. The current review focuses on such signals from developmental and functional viewpoints.

Methods

Experimental strategies including histological and molecular signal analyses with conditional mutant mice for androgen and Wnt signals have been extensively utilized.

Main findings

Essential roles of androgen for the development of male‐type ExG and urethral formation are shown. Wnt signals are associated with androgen for male‐type ExG organogenesis. Androgen plays essential roles in the development of erectile tissue, the corporal body and it also regulates the duration time of erection. Wnt and other signals are essential for the regulation of mesenchymal cells of erectile tissue as shown by its conditional mutant mouse analyses. Stress signals, continuous erection, and the potential of lymphatic characteristics of the erectile vessels with sinusoids are also shown.

Conclusion

Reiterated involvement of androgen, Wnt, and other regulatory factors is stated for the development and pathogenesis of ExG and erectile tissues.
Overcoming the Blood–Brain Barrier: Multifunctional Nanomaterial‐Based Strategies for Targeted Drug Delivery in Neurological Disorders
Authors: McLoughlin Callan D. , Nevins Sarah , Stein Joshua B. , Khakbiz Mehrdad , Lee Ki‐Bum
Published: October 2024

The development of effective therapies for neurological disorders is a growing area of research due to the increasing prevalence of these conditions. Some neurological disorders that are prevalent and remain difficult to treat are glioma, neurodegenerative disease, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Subsequently, the therapeutic efficacy of small molecules, proteins, and oligonucleotides remains a challenge due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a highly selective semipermeable membrane. To this end, multifunctional nanomaterials have emerged as promising vehicles for targeted drug delivery to the brain, due to their ability to transport therapeutics across the BBB selectively. The design of advanced nanomaterial‐based drug delivery systems capable of overcoming the BBB is influenced by many factors, such as fabrication technique and surface modification. This review explores the diverse range of nanomaterials, including polymer, lipid, gold, magnetic, and carbon‐based nanostructures, capable of effectively passing the BBB. These materials cross the BBB via a variety of established transport mechanisms for targeted delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Moreover, the structure and function of the BBB are highlighted and the potential for nanotechnology to aid the treatment of neurological disorders based on their ability to undergo transcytosis into the brain is highlighted.
Novel Understanding of the Formation and Protectiveness of Corrosion Product Film on Ca–Sb–Cr Weathering Steel
Authors: Zhang Tianyi , Li Yilun , Zhou Yunhua , Jiang Zaihao , Cheng Xuequn , Liu Chao , Li Xiaogang
Published: October 2024

The addition of Ca and Sb in Cr‐bearing steel presents improved corrosion resistance during the field exposure test in a marine atmosphere environment. Through local hydrolysis reactions, Ca and Sb can form CaO, Sb2O3, and Sb2O5 to prevent the intrusion Cl− into the corrosion product film, which improves the protectiveness of the corrosion product film and reduces the corrosion rate. The formation of CaCl2 decreases the relative content of β‐FeOOH and makes the corrosion product film more stable. Due to the inhibition of Sb on the local acidification of corrosion product film, Ca and Cr are able to bond with more hydroxide for generating the corresponding oxides and improving the corrosion resistance of Cr‐bearing steel.
Effect of Electroslag Remelting on the Microstructure and Ballistic Penetration Characteristics of an Austenite‐Based Lightweight Steel
Authors: Zhang Ning Fei , Wang Yu Hao , Hu Xu Fan , Zhou Deng Hu , Hou Qing Yu , Huang Zhen Yi
Published: October 2024

Herein, the effects of electroslag remelting (ESR) and impurities in ESR slag on the composition, microstructure, and properties of lightweight steel with a nominal composition in wt% of Fe‐20Mn‐10Al‐1.5C are studied. These results can provide a reference for the production of such steels using ESR and the design of the composition of such steels. The results show that ESR can make the contents of Si increase and that of S decrease, make the grain size decrease, make the phase transformation of austenite at about 540 °C change from spinodal decomposition to ordered transformation, make the contents of MnS and SiO2 and inclusions greater than 5 μm decrease, make the distribution of inclusions homogenize, and make the shape of inclusions change from long strip with sharp corners to spherical shape. ESR can improve its strength, plasticity, and antiballistic penetration properties.
Catalysts for Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHCs): Efficient Storage and Transport for Renewable Energy
Authors: Alghamdi Huda S. , Ali Ahsan , Ajeebi Afnan M. , Jedidi Abdesslem , Sanhoob Mohammed , Aktary Mahbuba , Shabi A. H. , Usman Mohammad , Alghamdi Wasan , Alzahrani Shahad , Abdul Aziz Md. , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman
Published: October 2024

Restructuring the current energy industry towards sustainability requires transitioning from carbon based to renewable energy sources, reducing CO2 emissions. Hydrogen, is considered a significant clean energy carrier. However, it faces challenges in transportation and storage due to its high reactivity, flammability, and low density under ambient conditions. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers offer a solution for storing hydrogen because they allow for the economical and practical storage of organic compounds in regular vessels through hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. This review evaluates several hydrogen technologies aimed at addressing the challenges associated with hydrogen transportation and its economic viablity. The discussion delves into exploring the catalysts and their activity in the context of catalysts′ development. This review highlights the pivotal role of various catalyst materials in enhancing the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation activities of multiple LOHC systems, including benzene/cyclohexane, toluene/methylcyclohexane (MCH), N‐ethylcarbazole (NEC)/dodecahydro‐N‐ethylcarbazole (H12‐NEC), and dibenzyltoluene (DBT)/perhydrodibenzyltoluene (H18‐DBT). By exploring the catalytic properties of noble metals, transition metals, and multimetallic catalysts, the review provides valuable insights into their design and optimization. Also, the discussion revolved around the implementation of a hydrogen economy on a global scale, with a particular focus on the plans pertaining to Saudi Arabia and the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) countries. The review lays out the challenges this technology will face, including the need to increase its H2 capacity, reduce energy consumption by providing solutions, and guarantee the thermal stability of the materials.
Not all that glitters is gold: Financial access, microfinance, and female unemployment in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Asongu Simplice A. , Zogo Therese E. , Mete Mariette C. N. , Mensah Barbara D.
Published: October 2024

The present study assesses the relevance of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in the effect of financial access on gender economic inclusion in 44 countries in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) for the period 2004–2018. The adopted empirical strategy is interactive quantile regressions that are tailored to account for both simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity. Two MFI dynamics are employed: MFIs per 1,000 km2 and MFIs per 100,000 adults. Financial access is measured in terms of female bank account ownership while gender inclusion is measured in terms of reducing female unemployment. We find that MFIs per 1,000 km2 must reach thresholds of between 2.328 and 2.490 at the 90th quantile of the female unemployment distribution in order for female bank account ownership to reduce female unemployment. The partial validity of the tested hypothesis is clarified and we note a few policy implications.
Teaching Architecture in the Age of Fragility
Authors: Frattari Camillo
Published: October 2024

The origin of academic architectural education can be found in the inauguration of the Académie d'Architecture in 1671 in France based on the idea of knowledge as the transmission of a ‘style’. This idea continues to characterize contemporary architectural education but in a different way, through the pursuit of a personal aesthetic expression or in the satisfaction of real estate and construction market requirements as a cynic acceptance of reality. To conceive architectural education only as serving the market is to lose the meaning of architecture itself as a way to design, and improve, humanity. The contemporary age is characterized by the notion of fragility that represents the many uncertainties of our time related to different issues involved in politics, economy, energy, ecology, and demography. In the field of architecture and urban design, the main causes of fragility come from the phenomena of planetary urbanization and climate change that are visible in disaster, migration, periphery, inequality, diversity, and planetary crisis. While the ‘Academié’ model of education is founded on the knowledge of historical buildings in their aesthetical prerogatives, an architectural education focused on the contemporary issues of fragility needs to be based on the knowledge of projects that faced these challenges, to define a conceptual framework of a new agenda with new theories, technics, and references. Teaching architecture in the age of fragility means promoting the critical role of architects inside, and for, human society through projects of adaptation, hospitality, community, process, coexistence, and imaginary.
Risk, Trust and Big Beautiful Mistakes*: Keys to Innovation in Architectural Education
Authors: Gullberg Johanna S. , Rødne Gro
Published: October 2024

By presenting examples from Making is Thinking and other educational initiatives in the architecture programme at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, this paper points to why risk-taking is especially needed in architectural education today, as global crises demand new and critical ways of working with architecture. From a Scandinavian horizon, the paper problematizes the paradox that educational systems instead of promoting education as the uncertain and troublesome business it is, tend to please students in their longing for predictability. The paper describes risky learning spaces where learners start by doing, preferably in teams and off campus, thereby counteracting predictability and opening up for unexpected mishaps to occur – mishaps with innovative potential. The paper shows that such risky learning spaces introduce collective, emotional and embodied dimensions in architectural education. Moreover, the paper contributes with experience-based knowledge regarding how trust – a precondition for risk-taking and a notion underexplored in research on higher education – may be established in educational settings. Building on the idea of a fruitful tension between risk and trust in educational spaces, the paper ends with a list of gutsy proposals for a pedagogy of mistakes. *“Big beautiful mistakes” is an expression used with inspiration from architect and educator Sami Rintala.
Stumbling as a Praxis of Design Practice. A Pedagogical Experiment in “Theory and Criticism of Architectural Action”
Authors: Quaglio Caterina , Bruno Edoardo
Published: October 2024

The Thesis Seminar “Theory and Critique of Architectural Action” is a multidisciplinary educational experience designed to explore the methodological aspects associated with the development of a research project in architectural design, with a focus on Master’s Degree Graduation. The Seminar identifies six key methodological issues in research related to project practices and approaches them from a multidisciplinary perspective, subjecting each component to critical examination. Through lectures and Seminar meetings, each discipline challenges these issues based on its scientific status, providing specialized disciplinary insights. In doing so, the Seminar equips students with the necessary theoretical and practical tools to test the application of a robust methodological structure to address various challenges arising from the real world in their research activities. The structure of the Seminar is not intended to establish a specific sequence among the research activities object of inquiry, nor does it seek to offer exhaustive solutions to every issue raised. Instead, the Seminar’s aim is to provide students with critical and methodological instruments within a collegial space for open discussion and debate. The pedagogical objective is to enable students to critically evaluate and systematize interdisciplinary knowledge and skills acquired during their previous academic journey, allowing them to position original research programs within the broader framework of design practice.
Seeds of Architecture: Ways of Teaching
Authors: Barosio Michela
Published: October 2024

Within the general frame of the conference enquiring about the plurality of architecture as a discipline, the two sessions dedicated to the ways of teaching specifically addressed the different teaching approaches questioning two of the six dichotomies characterizing the contemporary debate on architectural education. The first tension explored is the supposed opposition between architecture considered as a discipline, with its specific field of knowledge and epistemology, and, on the other hand, architecture is regarded as a method, a mindset, a modus operandi that can be applied to other fields than the built environment. The second dichotomy concerns the origin of architectural education which can be grounded on the study and imitation of the Masters of Architecture, as it was when architecture was taught in the frame of the École des Beaux-arts, or can be grounded in training the student to face specific topics or burning issues of the architectural discipline.
Mountains in Motion, Visions in Nutshells. The Alpine Way for Common Living
Authors: Tognon Alisia
Published: October 2024

Architectural research is defined as community practice and for communities. Architecture has always been constituted as an action of territorial settlement and domestication for the community liveability of places.

This article, referring to the concepts of resilience and transformability of mountain systems, proposes to reflect on how rural mountain areas have always been able to adapt to changes thanks to the ability of communities to conceive common and shared design directions.

The paper reflects on the conceptualization of commons and how they can be a model for resilient development in socially inclusive contexts. For this reason, an extensive review of historical palimpsests was conducted to understand how to start from the roots of the operating models.

The article includes a field approach in Trentino’s valleys. The results are exploratory, as the process cannot be concluded and requires a long time for validation. From it, some working hypotheses are derived to be explored in further studies, such as reintroducing the commons into projects and societies in transformation.

Architectural research in these contexts contributes to orienting knowledge through fundamental collaboration with other disciplines, which is helpful in defining regenerative processes consistent with specific environmental contexts.
Research on Environmental Perception and Preferences of Traditional Villages from the Perspective of Local Gaze: A Chinese Case Study
Authors: Xintong Wei , Haoming Zhou
Published: October 2024

The advent of mass tourism has endowed traditional villages with multiple identities as heritage sites, communities, and tourist attractions. As hosts, local villagers have begun to introspect and reevaluate the village environment that was once a part of their everyday landscape, giving rise to new spatial perceptions. As the primary stakeholders in village communities, indigenous inhabitants’ perceptions, preferences, and identifications with village spaces hold significant significance in preserving rural characteristics and sustaining village vitality. Using Hongkeng Village in southwest Fujian Province, China, as a case study, this study investigated local villagers’ perception of traditional village daily life space and activity paths from three dimensions: cultural cognition, emotional preference, and behavioral activities through observation, questionnaire surveys, and cognitive maps. The results show that villagers generally have high cognitive and low emotional perceptions of the exhibition space and the former staging space; they have high emotional perceptions of the neighborhood interaction space and the collective memory place; the activity path spreads from home to the surrounding area, and there are gender differences in the scope of activities. The study suggests that the development of the tourism industry has often overlooked historical context and the spirit of places. It emphasizes the need to rekindle the identity of “home” within the Tulou clusters of Hongkeng Village while maintaining a balanced distribution of public facilities and enriching residents’ leisure lives. This study is expected to provide insights for improving the living environment of tourism-oriented villages in China.
Branches of Architecture: Ways of Practice
Authors: Gomes Santiago
Published: October 2024

In the session dedicated to Ways of Practice, the contributions explored the domains of professional activity in architecture today.
A New Form of Practice: La Rivoluzione delle Seppie
Authors: Adamo Rita Elvira
Published: October 2024

The paper describes the work of La Rivoluzione delle Seppie in Belmonte Calabro, where they have regenerated places and promoted new forms of community and social cohesion. The tested and implemented strategies aim to make these so-called marginal areas competitive and attractive within local and territorial systems and globally. The experimental nature of this practice is characterized by a methodology for designing and constructing placed-based interventions tailored to the territories and carried out through the involvement and protagonism of academics, students, institutions and local communities. A methodology that enhances the local skills implemented by knowledge of global stakeholders and it uses critical issues as opportunities to generate elements of innovation necessary to qualify the relaunch and the development of the area concerned. The action of La Rivoluzione delle Seppie started in Belmonte Calabro. The group acted as an agent of change and, above all, as a facilitator between the old and the new inhabitants. Not only Belmonte, but also BelMondo!
Architectural Thresholds: Critical Theory as soglia in Teaching Architecture and Urban Design
Authors: Boano Camillo
Published: October 2024

In Architecture and urban design education, critique it is hard to find anymore: it does seem lost in the call for a renewed disciplinary autonomy, localised territorial interests and the sole artistic and sovereign agency of the maestro: it seems hidden in the sustainability solutionism or reduced to margins, the sole negative with its arrogant tone, stripped from the forms of seminars and discussions and forced to be ancillary to design studios extremisms. The same happen to any form of critical theory, being marxist, relegated to its obsolescence, feminist labelled as activist and anti disciplinar or decolonial, still misjudged as infused in the call of social justice and exoticism. Starting from these assumptions and grounding the reflections in the pedagogical experiences of the author, the paper ask how is then possible to reconfigure critique in the present within a planetary catastrophe in which design is always/already implicated and entangled? What visions of critique are required to intervene into the tangle of ecological, economic, cultural, and sociopolitical conditions of today? What form this could take in architectural and urban design education? Mobilising a Foucault definition of critique as gesture that arrest, disorganise, denaturalise and dehegemonise and expanding it with a partial reading of abolitionist literature.
Weak and strong solutions to nonlinear SPDEs with unbounded noise
Authors: Goodair Daniel
Published: October 2024

We introduce an extended variational framework for nonlinear SPDEs with unbounded noise, defining three different solution types of increasing strength along with criteria to establish their existence. The three notions can be understood as probabilistically and analytically weak, probabilistically strong and analytically weak, as well as probabilistically and analytically strong. Our framework facilitates several well-posedness results for the Navier–Stokes Equation with transport noise, equipped with the no-slip and Navier boundary conditions.
Birkhoff Conjecture for Nearly Centrally Symmetric Domains
Authors: Kaloshin V. , Koudjinan C. E. , Zhang Ke
Published: October 2024

In this paper we prove a perturbative version of a remarkable Bialy–Mironov (Ann. Math. 196(1):389–413, 2022) result. They prove non perturbative Birkhoff conjecture for centrally-symmetric convex domains, namely, a centrally-symmetric convex domain with integrable billiard is ellipse. We combine techniques from Bialy–Mironov (Ann. Math. 196(1):389–413, 2022) with a local result by Kaloshin–Sorrentino (Ann. Math. 188(1):315–380, 2018) and show that a domain close enough to a centrally symmetric one with integrable billiard is ellipse. To combine these results we derive a slight extension of Bialy–Mironov (Ann. Math. 196(1):389–413, 2022) by proving that a notion of rational integrability is equivalent to the C0-integrability condition used in their paper.
Optimality Conditions for Sparse Optimal Control of Viscous Cahn–Hilliard Systems with Logarithmic Potential
Authors: Colli Pierluigi , Sprekels Jürgen , Tröltzsch Fredi
Published: October 2024

In this paper we study the optimal control of a parabolic initial-boundary value problem of viscous Cahn–Hilliard type with zero Neumann boundary conditions. Phase field systems of this type govern the evolution of diffusive phase transition processes with conserved order parameter. It is assumed that the nonlinear functions driving the physical processes within the spatial domain are double-well potentials of logarithmic type whose derivatives become singular at the boundary of their respective domains of definition. For such systems, optimal control problems have been studied in the past. We focus here on the situation when the cost functional of the optimal control problem contains a nondifferentiable term like the

$$L^1$$

L
1

-norm, which leads to sparsity of optimal controls. For such cases, we establish first-order necessary and second-order sufficient optimality conditions for locally optimal controls. In the approach to second-order sufficient conditions, the main novelty of this paper, we adapt a technique introduced by Casas et al. in the paper (SIAM J Control Optim 53:2168–2202, 2015). In this paper, we show that this method can also be successfully applied to systems of viscous Cahn–Hilliard type with logarithmic nonlinearity. Since the Cahn–Hilliard system corresponds to a fourth-order partial differential equation in contrast to the second-order systems investigated before, additional technical difficulties have to be overcome.
The effects of herding and dispersal behaviour on the evolution of cooperation on complete networks
Authors: Haq Hasan , Schimit Pedro H. T. , Broom Mark
Published: October 2024

Evolutionary graph theory has considerably advanced the process of modelling the evolution of structured populations, which models the interactions between individuals as pairwise contests. In recent years, these classical evolution models have been extended to incorporate more realistic features, e.g. multiplayer games. A recent series of papers have developed a new evolutionary framework including structure, multiplayer interactions, evolutionary dynamics, and movement. However, so far, the developed models have mainly considered independent movement without coordinated behaviour. Although the theory underlying the framework has been developed and explored in various directions, several movement mechanisms have been produced which characterise coordinated movement, for example, herding. By embedding these newly constructed movement distributions, within the evolutionary setting of the framework, we demonstrate that certain levels of aggregation and dispersal benefit specific types of individuals. Moreover, by extending existing parameters within the framework, we are not only able to develop a general process of embedding any of the considered movement distributions into the evolutionary setting on complete graphs but also analytically produce the probability of fixation of a mutant on a complete N-sized network, for the multiplayer Public Goods and Hawk–Dove games. Also, by applying weak selection methods, we extended existing previous analyses on the pairwise Hawk–Dove Game to encompass the multiplayer version considered in this paper. By producing neutrality and equilibrium conditions, we show that hawks generally do worse in our models due to the multiplayer nature of the interactions.
Lines on $$K3$$–Quartics Via Triangular Sets
Authors: Degtyarev Alex , Rams Sławomir
Published: October 2024

We prove the sharp upper bound of at most 52 lines on a complex $$K3$$

K
3

–surface of degree 4 with a non-empty singular locus. We also classify the configurations of more than 48 lines on smooth complex quartics.
Neuromorphic computing for modeling neurological and psychiatric disorders: implications for drug development
Authors: Raikar Amisha S. , Andrew J , Dessai Pranjali Prabhu , Prabhu Sweta M. , Jathar Shounak , Prabhu Aishwarya , Naik Mayuri B. , Raikar Gokuldas Vedant S.
Published: October 2024

The emergence of neuromorphic computing, inspired by the structure and function of the human brain, presents a transformative framework for modelling neurological disorders in drug development. This article investigates the implications of applying neuromorphic computing to simulate and comprehend complex neural systems affected by conditions like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and epilepsy, drawing from extensive literature. It explores the intersection of neuromorphic computing with neurology and pharmaceutical development, emphasizing the significance of understanding neural processes and integrating deep learning techniques. Technical considerations, such as integrating neural circuits into CMOS technology and employing memristive devices for synaptic emulation, are discussed. The review evaluates how neuromorphic computing optimizes drug discovery and improves clinical trials by precisely simulating biological systems. It also examines the role of neuromorphic models in comprehending and simulating neurological disorders, facilitating targeted treatment development. Recent progress in neuromorphic drug discovery is highlighted, indicating the potential for transformative therapeutic interventions. As technology advances, the synergy between neuromorphic computing and neuroscience holds promise for revolutionizing the study of the human brain’s complexities and addressing neurological challenges.
The Israeli queue with a capacitated server: modeling and approximations
Authors: Perel Nir , Perel Efrat , Kaspi Mor
Published: October 2024

The Israeli Queue is a batch service polling system where a single server attends to multiple queues based on seniority. Each arriving customer belongs to one of several classes. Upon arrival, a customer either joins an existing queue for their class or initiates a new queue if they are the first of their class to arrive. Customers from the class with the most senior member are served together as a batch, with the service time remaining constant regardless of the batch size. This service model is found in applications like advanced elevator systems and on-demand shared mobility, where passengers heading to the same destination can share a ride. However, in many real-world scenarios, the vehicle capacities are small and constraining, which calls for a deeper exploration of the Israeli queue with a capacitated server (IQCS). In this paper, we formally define the IQCS and address the challenges of creating a mathematically tractable model to represent it. To approximate the IQCS, we develop a quasi-birth-death process and derive approximations for key performance measures. To validate our approach, we implement a simulation model and use it to compare the IQCS, the approximate model, and the original Israeli Queue. Our results across various scenarios demonstrate the accuracy of the approximate model. Nonetheless, the presence of a remaining gap underscores the ongoing challenge of precisely and efficiently modeling the IQCS, posing an open question for the research community.
On the classification of low-degree ovoids of $$Q^+(5,q)$$
Authors: Bartoli Daniele , Durante Nicola , Grimaldi Giovanni Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Ovoids of the Klein quadric $$Q^+(5,q)$$

Q
+

(
5
,
q
)

of $$\textrm{PG}(5,q)$$

PG
(
5
,
q
)

have been studied in the last 40 years, also because of their connection with spreads of $$\textrm{PG}(3,q)$$

PG
(
3
,
q
)

and hence translation planes. Beside the classical example given by a three-dimensional elliptic quadric (corresponding to the regular spread of $$\textrm{PG}(3,q)$$

PG
(
3
,
q
)

) many other classes of examples are known. First of all the other examples (beside the elliptic quadric) of ovoids of Q(4, q) give also examples of ovoids of $$Q^+(5,q)$$

Q
+

(
5
,
q
)

. To every ovoid of $$Q^+(5,q)$$

Q
+

(
5
,
q
)

two bivariate polynomials $$f_1(x,y)$$

f
1

(
x
,
y
)

and $$f_2(x,y)$$

f
2

(
x
,
y
)

can be associated. Another important class of ovoids of $$Q^+(5,q)$$

Q
+

(
5
,
q
)

is given by the ones associated to a flock of a three-dimensional quadratic cone and in this case $$f_1(x,y)=y+g(x)$$

f
1

(
x
,
y
)

=
y
+
g

(
x
)

. In this paper, we classify such ovoids of $$Q^+(5,q)$$

Q
+

(
5
,
q
)

with the additional properties that $$\max \{\deg (f_1),\deg (f_2)\}<(\frac{1}{6.31}q)^{\frac{3}{13}}-1$$

max

{
deg

(

f
1

)

,
deg

(

f
2

)

}

<

(

1

6.31

q
)

3
13

-
1

, that is $$f_1(x,y)$$

f
1

(
x
,
y
)

and $$f_2(x,y)$$

f
2

(
x
,
y
)

have “low degree" compared with q.
Danger of Slippery Slopes in Nudge Research
Authors: Siipi Helena
Published: October 2024

Nudges are a way to steer people’s behavior through changes in how choices are presented. Nudge research has been incorporated into public policy in many countries, and nudge research, thus, has the potential to directly influence societies and individuals. As a result, research ethics for nudge research is needed to ensure that nudges developed are not instances of unethical manipulation of people. In this paper, I argue that two types of slippery slopes from ethically fine nudges to ethically problematic ones can take place in nudge research. The conceptual slippery slope follows from (1) the broad way of defining nudges, (2) the multitude of different ways of understanding manipulation of people, (3) many manipulation definitions implying that some nudges are manipulative, and (4) some forms of manipulation of people being prima facie wrong. The empirical slippery slope rests, first, on the possibility of small steps from ethically acceptable to wrong nudges, and second, on the cognitive limits typical to human beings (including nudge researchers). Both slippery slope arguments imply the need to of nudge researchers to create so-called firebreaks. The firebreaks can take the form of ethical justifications. To avoid slippery slopes, certain types of arguments should be excluded from these justifications.
Twin-roll casting defects in light metals
Authors: Ullmann Madlen , Stirl Max , Prahl Ulrich
Published: October 2024

The twin-roll casting (TRC) of light metal alloys, in particular aluminium and magnesium alloys, represents a promising technology for the production of lightweight components thanks to its short process chain and promising combinations of properties. In the production of strip products, TRC is susceptible to a number of defects due to the coupled process steps of casting and forming, which prevent its use for more complex alloy combinations in the field. In this review, the defects in TRC of light metal alloys will be summarized and discussed. In addition to a basic classification of the defect types and definition of these, the formation mechanisms and avoidance strategies will be discussed. Special focus is placed on centreline segregation defects and surface bleeds, which occur in a large number of investigations in the literature. Effective avoidance strategies are defect-specific, but are mostly due to the combination of the plant design of the TRC process, the TRC parameters or the use of alloying elements to influence the solidification process.