bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What the hell are counselors for? literary perceptions
Authors: KREMER BRUCE J.
Published: January 2012

The right to intervene in the life of another and the power helpers have when they do intervene are value‐laden issues. Excerpts from nonprofessional literature are used to stimulate a reexamination of these issues as they pertain to counseling.
Measuring women's interests: how useful?
Authors: HUTH CAROL MONNIK
Published: January 2012

Vocational interest inventories such as the SVIB are inherently appealing to women who seek career counseling. How useful they are to the counselor is another question. The author reviews studies employing the SVIB‐W conducted during the past decade in order to answer such questions as: How reliable is the SVIB‐W? How well does it differentiate interests? Can it effectively distinguish career commitments? Is it a good predictor? The author's conclusion is that information gained from this inventory is of minimal‐use in counseling women about careers.
Licensure in the helping professions: anatomy of an issue
Authors: SWEENEY THOMAS J. , STURDEVANT ALAN D.
Published: January 2012

The licensing of psychologists is not generally a concern of counselors, counselor educators, or supervisors. However, with the enactment of new licensing laws such as the one described here, an issue is emerging that members of the counseling professions should not leave unattended. Through ignorance or complacency, we may contribute to the demise of the counseling professions as self‐regulating groups. The authors examine this matter here and offer some recommendations for action.
Changes ahead! implications of the Vail Conference
Authors: IVEY ALLEN E. , LEPPALUOTO JEAN R.
Published: January 2012

Counseling practice is heavily influenced by psychological models. The summer 1973 conference at Vail, Colorado, examined the role of the applied psychologist. The recommendations of this conference are new and powerful and are likely to reverberate throughout the helping professions. The authors, both of whom were delegates to that conference, discuss major conference recommendations and their implications for professional counseling practice.
Activity group guidance: a developmental approach
Authors: HILLMAN BILL W. , PENCZAR JOHN T. , BARR REGINALD
Published: January 2012

Activity Group Guidance can be a useful tool for counselors who wish to include developmental guidance in their repertoire. The authors illustrate the content, process, and group dynamics of Activity Group Guidance, and they describe and evaluate a comprehensive Activity Group Guidance program. Finally, the authors give specific suggestions to counselors who wish to start Activity Groups.
a model for training workshops and labs
Authors: RICHARDSON FRANK D. , ISLAND DAVID
Published: January 2012

This article describes a model for designing workshops and laboratories for training people in helping skills. The model functions to assist planners in creating learning experiences that maximize retention and transfer to counselors' own work as trainers. The three levels of the model focus on meeting participant needs for acquiring (a) personal awareness and a theory base, (b) individual communication skills, and (c) selected professional competencies. Best results are obtained when workshop leaders follow an integrative principle of design that requires each activity to meet participant needs associated with at least two of the three levels of the model.
Re: Views
Authors: Weinrach Stephen G.
Published: January 2012

Book reviewed in this article:

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 Biofeedback Applications in Counseling and Education. David G. Danskin and Timothy J. Lowenstein

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 Behavioral Interviewing With Couples. Phil Stockton and John Gottman

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 Self‐Control: Learning to C.A.R.E. for Yourself. Educational film written by Carl E. Thoresen; produced and directed by Don L. Sorensen

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 Control Yourself. David R. Wheeler

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 Positive Addiction. William Glasser

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 Counseling Methods. John D. Krumboltz and Carl E. Thoresen

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 Self‐Directed Systematic Desensitization. Wes W. Wenrich, Harold H. Dawley, and Dale A. General

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 The Growing Edge of Gestalt Therapy. Edward W. L. Smith, Editor

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 The Passions: The Myth and Nature of Human Emotion. Robert C. Solomon

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 Rational Emotional Therapy: Clinicians Guide and Rational Emotive Self‐Help Techniques. Albert Ellis

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 Rational Emotive Psychotherapy: An Interview. (#77517) Albert Ellis

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 Rational Emotive Psychotherapy Applied to Groups. (#75518) Albert Ellis.

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 A Demonstration With a Young Divorced Woman. (#77520)

Adventures in Therapy Part 2 A Demonstration With an Elementary School Age Child. (#77519) Albert Ellis
Structured Experiences With the Educational Growth Group
Authors: Cerio James E.
Published: January 2012

A five‐step model is presented for conducting groups that enhance students' knowledge, self‐awareness, and interpersonal skills. Differences between the educational growth group (EGG) model and other forms of group work are outlined. The goals and potential benefits for counselors are listed, along with examples of counselors' applications of the model. Counselors are urged to experiment with the EGG model, to adapt it to their work environments, and to report their results.
Jealousy Workshop: A Conceptual Base and Format
Authors: Daher Douglas M. , Cohen Muriel
Published: January 2012

Jealousy is a problematic aspect of relationships that has received a minimal amount of attention in the research and professional intervention strategies. A discussion of a six‐session workshop on the theme of jealousy includes theoretical issues, conceptual framework of the program, overview of procedures for each session, and a summary of participant feedback.
Coping with Disillusionment, Abstract Images, and Uncertainty in Career Decision Making
Authors: BAUMGARDNER STEVE R.
Published: January 2012

The author examines sources of disillusionment and uncertainty in college students' career thinking.
Women and Career Competence: A Theoretical and Experiential Model
Authors: GERSON BARBARA , LEE SANDRA
Published: January 2012

The authors describe an experiential workshop, developed to help women with career difficulties, that emphasizes freedom and responsibility for choice.
Reviews of Recent Publications
Authors: CONTRIBUTORS VARIOUS
Published: January 2012

BUILDING YOUR LIFE. By M. E. Bennett. New York, Whittlesey House, McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc., 1935. Pp. 335. $2.50.

PROBLEMS OF SELF‐DISCOVERY AND SELF‐DIRECTION. By H. C. Hand and M. E. Bennett. New York, McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc. 1935. Pp. 171. $1.50.

A PLAN FOR SELF‐MANAGEMENT. By Everett W. Lord. New York, The Ronald Press., 1935. Pp. 215. $2.00.

OCCUPATIONAL ABILITIES: A STUDY OF UNEMPLOYED MEN. By N. W. Morton. New York, Oxford University Press, 1935. Pp. XXVI + 279. $3.00.

MANNERS IN BUSINESS. By Elizabeth Gregg MacGibbon. New York, Macmillan Co., 1936. Pp. 160. $1.50.

PRELIMINARY JOB SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE LAUNDRY INDUSTRY. Originally prepared by the New York State Employment Service. Edited and prepared for distribution by the Division of Standards and Research, United States Employment Service, Department of Labor. Washington, Government Printing Office, April 1935. Pp. 135. $1.00.

JOB SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY. Prepared by the Occupational Research Program, Division of Standards and Research, United States Employment Service, Department of Labor. Washington, Government Printing Office, June 1935. Pp. 254. 75 cents.

COLLEGE MEN — THEIR MAKING AND UNMAKING. By Dom Proface. New York, P. J. Kenedy and Sons, 1935. Pp. 314. Price $2.00.

THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF STUDENT COUNSELING: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ADJUSTMENT INVENTORY. By Hugh M. Bell. Palo Alto, Stanford University Press, 1935. Pp. 138. $1.00.

THE EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL PLANS OF COLLEGE SENIORS. By Hilda Threlkeld. New York, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1935. Pp. 194. $2.00.

BUSINESS OFFICES. By G. L. Harris. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1936. Pp. 238. $2.50.

A STUDY OF SOME ASPECTS OF SATISFACTION IN THE VOCATION OF STENOGRAPHY. By Margaret Sidney Quayle. New York, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1935. Pp. 121. $1.50.
Mainsprings of Men
Authors: WILLIAMS WHITING
Published: January 2012

“Desire for self‐justification, honor, and esteem is the mainspring of both wage‐earners and business men,” says the author who has spent many years studying wage‐earners by working and living among them in America and in various foreign countries.
Adapting Counseling to C.C.C. Needs
Authors: SLOPER KIRKLAND ,   C.C.C
Published: January 2012

Should group activities or individual counseling receive the major attention in a CCC camp? Attempting to find the answer, one camp set up an experiment to test the value of individual counseling in encouraging enrollee participation in voluntary educational activities. The results of the experiment, with the figures for five different mental ability classifications, have significance for counselors in various types of organizations.
Climatic influences on rainfall and runoff variability in the southeast region of the Murray‐Darling Basin
Authors: Kamruzzaman M. , Beecham S. , Metcalfe A. V.
Published: January 2012

The aim of this study is to establish a relationship between 11 correlated climatic indices and rainfall and runoff in the Murray‐Darling Basin (MDB). The climatic indices are functions of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) differentials. There are six Pacific Ocean indices, three Atlantic Ocean indices, one Indian Ocean index and one from the Southern Ocean. Trends in the climatic indices are investigated by fitting seasonal trend models using generalized least squares. Relationships between the indices are described by correlation analysis and factor analysis. Correlation analysis of the pre‐whitened series is first presented and this is used to guide the choice of climatic indices for the regression models. Regression analyses are then used to investigate the effects of climatic indices on rainfall and runoff at the monthly level during the period 1957–2009. This is undertaken using data from three stations in the southeast region of the MDB, namely Tooma River Basin, Jingellic Catchment and Ovens Catchment. Regression models are fitted using all or a sub‐set of the climatic indices and their interactions, and these are compared with regression models based on estimates of latent factors and their interactions. TypicalR2values of 20% were obtained. The Akaike Information Criterion indicated that statistically significant improvement could be obtained from a benchmark model using seasonality, trends and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). However, the gain in information is generally modest. This conclusion is specific to the southeast region of the MDB, but the methods used are generally applicable. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Rapid determination of 4‐aminobutyric acid and L‐glutamic acid in biological decarboxylation process by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Takeda Sahori , Yamano Naoko , Kawasaki Norioki , Ando Hisanori , Nakayama Atsuyoshi
Published: January 2012

4‐Aminobutylic acid (GABA) is a monomer of plastic polyamide 4. Bio‐based polyamide 4 can be produced by using GABA obtained from biomass. The production of L‐glutamic acid (Glu) from biomass has been established. GABA is produced by decarboxylation of Glu in biological process. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with derivatization is generally used to determine the concentration of GABA and Glu in reacted solution samples for the efficient production of GABA. In this study, we have investigated the rapid determination of GABA and Glu by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) without derivatization. The determination was achieved with the use of a shortened capillary, a new internal standard for GABA, and optimization of sheath liquid composition. Determined concentrations of GABA and Glu by CE‐MS were compared with those by pre‐column derivatization HPLC with phenylisothiocyanate. The determined values by CE‐MS were close to those by HPLC with pre‐column derivatization. These results suggest that the determination of GABA and Glu in reacted solution is rapid and simplified by the use of CE‐MS.
Effects of prescribed burning on avian nest survival in the southern Great Plains
Authors: Long Ashley M. , Jensen William E. , Matlack Raymond S.
Published: January 2012

Shrubs, such as mesquite (Prosopis spp.) and cholla (Opuntia spp.), now dominate fire‐suppressed grasslands in southwestern North America. Responses of birds to prescribed burning of the shortgrass prairie in this region are poorly understood. We examined daily survival rates of mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) and lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus) nests in an experimental landscape (4,811 ha) of spatially replicated, inter‐annual fire frequencies (burning every 2 yr, 4 yr, or 10 yr) near Amarillo, Texas. Herbaceous habitat structure was most developed in infrequently burned plots, but shrub densities were less variable among the burn treatments. We modeled daily nest survival (DSR) against burn frequency, shrub density at nest sites, and nest stage (incubation or nestling). Daily survival of mourning dove nests was not well‐related to any measured covariate, but lark sparrow DSR was negatively related to the duration of inter‐annual burn frequency. In semiarid grasslands heavily inundated with shrubs, prescribed burning may positively influence the nest success of some bird species. © 2011 The Wildlife Society.
Concerted aminolysis of diaryl carbonates: Kinetic sensitivity on the basicity of the nucleophile, nonleaving group, and nucleofuge
Authors: Castro Enrique A. , Cubillos María , Iglesias Rocío , Santos José G.
Published: January 2012

The kinetics of the reactions of 4‐methylphenyl, phenyl, and 4‐chlorophenyl 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl carbonates (1, 2, and 3, respectively) with a series of anilines and secondary alicyclic (SA) amines has been carried out spectrophotometrically in 44 wt% ethanol–water, at 25.0°C, ionic strength 0.2 M. The Brønsted plots (statistically corrected) for the reactions of carbonates 1–3 with anilines and SA amines were linear with slopes (βN) in the range of 0.69–0.78 and 0.45–0.48, respectively, attributed to a concerted mechanism. The negative values found for the sensitivity of log kN to the basicity of the nonleaving (βnlg) and leaving (βlg) groups are discussed. Anilines are more reactive than isobasic SA amines, probably because of the greater steric hindrance offered by the latter. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 44: 604–611, 2012
Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus improves sense of well‐being in parkinson's disease
Authors: McDonald Louise M. , Page Donna , Wilkinson Leonora , Jahanshahi Marjan
Published: January 2012

Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective treatment for the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Although a range of psychiatric and behavioral problems have been documented following deep brain stimulation, the short‐term effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on patients' mood have only been investigated in a few studies. Our aim was to compare self‐reported mood in Parkinson's patients with deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus ON versus OFF. Twenty‐three Parkinson's patients with bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and 11 unoperated Parkinson's patients completed a mood visual analogue scale twice. Operated patients were tested with deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus both ON and OFF. All were assessed on medication. The operated Parkinson's group reported feeling significantly better coordinated, stronger, and more contented with deep brain stimulation ON compared to OFF. Fourteen of the 16 mood scales changed in a positive direction when deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus was ON. When changes in motor scores were taken into account, the operated patients still reported feeling better‐coordinated, but also less gregarious with stimulation ON. Unoperated Parkinson's patients showed no differences on any of these measures between their 2 ratings. Short‐term changes in deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus have a small and mostly positive effect on mood, which may be partly related to improvements in motor symptoms. The implications for day‐to‐day management of patients with deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus are discussed. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Concordance with Guideline Recommendations: previous and more recent Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory Drug prescriptions in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Rahme Elham , Roussy Jean‐Pascal , Lafrance Jean‐Philippe , Nedjar Hacene , Morin Suzanne
Published: January 2012

Background

Clinical practice guidelines for appropriate nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) utilisation focus on preventing NSAID‐related gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular (CV), congestive heart failure (CHF) and renal adverse events. We compared concordance of NSAID prescriptions with clinical practice guideline recommendations in Quebec, pre and post rofecoxib withdrawal from market.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Quebec Health Insurance Agency (RAMQ). All prescriptions for celecoxib and traditional NSAIDs (tNSAIDs) dispensed to patients ≥50 years of age were evaluated for concordance with clinical practice guidelines. Prescriptions were stratified by time period (pre and post rofecoxib withdrawal) and, GI, CV, CHF and renal risk factors at the dispensing date. Gastro‐protective agent (GPA) co‐prescriptions were also evaluated.

Results

We assessed 1,966,793 celecoxib and 1,743,481 tNSAIDs prescriptions. Of celecoxib prescriptions, 87.2% and 86.5% were appropriate in the post‐ and pre‐periods, respectively, compared to 72.6% and 70.1% of tNSAIDs prescriptions, respectively. In logistic regression, ‘appropriateness’ of celecoxib prescriptions increased with age, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (OA), and was higher in the post‐ versus pre‐period (odds ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 1.18–1.26); it was lower in women and in patients with higher income. ‘Appropriateness’ of tNSAID prescriptions decreased in the post‐period (0.92, 0.89–0.95), was lower in older persons and those with OA, and higher in women and in higher income patients. Of tNSAID prescriptions that should have received a GPA co‐prescription, only 45.6% did.

Conclusion

Concordance with guideline recommendations increased for celecoxib and decreased for tNSAIDs after rofecoxib withdrawal; GPA co‐prescription with tNSAIDs remained suboptimal. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interactome of LIM domain proteins: The contributions of LIM domain proteins to heart failure and heart development
Authors: Li Amy , Ponten Fredrik , dos Remedios Cristobal G.
Published: January 2012

LIM domain proteins all contain at least one double zinc‐finger motif. They belong to a large family and here we review those expressed mainly in mammalian hearts, but particularly in cardiomyocytes. These proteins contain between one and five LIM domains and usually these proteins contain other domains that have specific functions such as actin‐binding, kinases and nuclear translocation motifs. While several recent reviews have summarised the importance of individual LIM domain proteins, this is the first review of its kind to cover all LIMs associated with the heart. Here we examine 33 LIM proteins (including three that bind to, but do not themselves contain, LIM domains) that are implicated in either the development of the heart, heart disorders and failure, or both. Our analysis is consistent with the view that cardiac LIM domain proteins form multiple extensive networks of multi‐protein complexes within the myocardium. This multiplicity of binding partners probably protects the heart as it is challenged to maintain cardiac output, until the imbalance reaches a turning point that results in failure. We believe that the complexity of LIM interactions is properly described by the term LIM interactome.
Open‐label, follow‐on study of azithromycin in pediatric patients with CF uninfected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Saiman Lisa , Mayer‐Hamblett Nicole , Anstead Michael , Lands Larry C. , Kloster Margaret , Goss Christopher H. , Rose Lynn M. , Burns Jane L. , Marshall Bruce C. , Ratjen Felix ,   the AZ0004 Macrolide Study Team
Published: January 2012

Background

We previously performed a randomized placebo‐controlled trial to examine the effects of azithromycin in children and adolescents 6–18 years of age with cystic fibrosis uninfected with Pseudomononas aeruginosa and demonstrated that while azithromycin did not acutely improve pulmonary function, azithromycin‐reduced pulmonary exacerbations, decreased the initiation of new oral antibiotics, and improved weight gain. We now report the results of the open‐label, follow‐on study to assess durability of response to azithromycin and continued safety and tolerability.

Methods

Eligible participants were enrolled in a 24‐week open‐label study of azithromycin to compare efficacy and safety endpoints during the placebo‐controlled trial versus open‐label study in two groups: participants initially on azithromycin continued azithromycin (azithromycin–azithromycin) and participants initially on placebo who then received azithromycin (placebo–azithromycin). As in the placebo‐controlled trial, the azithromycin dose in the open‐label study was 250 mg Monday–Wednesday–Friday for participants weighing 18–35.9 kg and 500 mg Monday–Wednesday–Friday for participants weighing 36 kg or greater.

Results

Of 174 eligible participants, 146 (83.9%) enrolled in the open‐label study. No significant improvements in lung function were observed within either group. There were no differences in outcomes in the placebo–azithromycin group during the placebo‐controlled versus open‐label phase. The azithromycin–azithromycin group had comparable odds of experiencing an exacerbation during the two phases (OR 1.6, CI95 0.8, 3.0) and stable weight gain, but new oral antibiotics were initiated more frequently during the open‐label study (OR 1.9, CI95 1.0, 3.5). In both groups, adverse event rates were comparable during the placebo‐controlled and open‐label study and treatment‐emergent pathogens were rare.

Conclusions

During the open‐label study, we observed continued durability of treatment response to azithromycin, as measured by pulmonary exacerbations and continued weight gain, although use of oral antibiotics increased. There were no new safety concerns. Currently available data suggest that azithromycin reduces exacerbations and improves weight gain for 6–12 months among children and adolescents with CF uninfected with P. aeruginosa. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:641–648. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of quantitative sweat chloride methods after positive newborn screen for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Laguna Theresa A. , Lin Nan , Wang Qi , Holme Bonnie , McNamara John , Regelmann Warren E.
Published: January 2012

Objectives

Rapid and reliable confirmatory sweat testing following a positive newborn screen (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) is preferred to allow for early diagnosis and to decrease parental anxiety. The Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) recently recommended a quantity not sufficient (QNS) rate of ≤10% in infants <3 months of age referred for quantitative sweat chloride analysis. Two CFF‐approved methods are available by which to quantitatively measure chloride concentration in sweat. Our objective was to compare the performance of the Macroduct® sweat collection system (MSCS) with the Gibson and Cooke technique (GCT) in the acquisition of samples for the determination of sweat chloride concentration in infants with a positive Minnesota State NBS for CF.

Methods

A retrospective database review of infants referred to the core Minnesota CF Center or its affiliate site for confirmatory sweat testing was performed to compare the QNS rates for the two techniques. Associations between birthweight, age at test, race, and QNS rates were examined.

Results

Five hundred sixty‐eight infants were referred for 616 sweat tests from March 2006 to January 2010. The mean age was 32.8 days at the initial sweat test. The GCT had a significantly higher QNS rate compared to the MSCS (15.4% vs. 2.1%, P < 0.0001). There was no association between age and the probability of QNS. The probability of QNS decreased as birthweight increased (P = 0.02). After adjusting for age, the odds of QNS using the GCT remained 8.34 (95% CI: 3.72–18.71) times that of the MSCS. Non‐White infants had a significantly higher likelihood of QNS compared to non‐Hispanic White infants (P = 0.0025).

Conclusions

Given the performance of the MSCS, the Minnesota CF Center has implemented the MSCS as its method of choice for diagnostic sweat testing in infants following a positive state NBS. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012. 47:736–742. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extracts of Cordyceps militaris Lower Blood Glucose via the Stimulation of Cholinergic Activation and Insulin Secretion in Normal Rats
Authors: Cheng Yu‐Wen , Chen Ying‐I , Tzeng Chung‐Yuh , Chen Hong‐Chen , Tsai Chin‐Chun , Lee Yu‐Chen , Lin Jaung‐Geng , Lai Yiu‐Kay , Chang Shih‐Liang
Published: January 2012

Previous studies have shown that Cordyceps militaris (CM) has a hypoglycemic effect, but the actual mechanism remains unclear. This study explored the hypoglycemic mechanism of aqueous extracts of CM in normal Wistar rats. First, the optimal dose of CM for lowering plasma glucose and insulin secretion was tested. Further, atropine and hemicholinium‐3 (HC‐3) were injected and a western blot was used to investigate insulin signaling. It was found that 10 mg/kg CM extracts had a stronger hypoglycemic effect than a higher dose (100 mg/kg); therefore, a dose of 10 mg/kg was used in subsequent experiments. In normal rats, CM extracts decreased plasma glucose by 21.0% and induced additional insulin secretion by 54.5% after 30 min. When atropine or HC‐3 was injected, CM induced a hypoglycemic effect, but the enhancement of insulin secretion was blocked. By western blotting, significant increases in the insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS‐1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT‐4) were observed after CM feeding. However, the elevation of these signaling proteins was abolished by atropine or HC‐3. Taken together, these findings indicate that CM can lower plasma glucose via the stimulation of insulin secretion and cholinergic activation involved in the hypoglycemic mechanism of normal Wistar rats. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A focus on science, engineering, and education for sustainability
Authors: Killeen Tim , van der Pluijm Ben , Cavanaugh Marge
Published: January 2012

In a sustainable world, human needs would be met without chronic harm to the environment and without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their needs. Addressing the grand challenge of sustainability, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) has developed a coordinated research and education framework, called the Science, Engineering, and Education for Sustainability (SEES) portfolio (http://www.nsf.gov/sees). The growing family of SEES activities, currently consisting of 11 programs, represents a major interdisciplinary investment by NSF that reflects the following topical themes: environment, energy and materials, and resilience. The SEES research and education program portfolio emphasizes the use of systems‐based approaches to address critical challenges at the nexus of environmental, energy and materials, and economic systems, including social and behavioral dynamics and questions of human resilience and vulnerability.
Louis J. Lanzerotti receives 2011 William Bowie Medal: Response
Authors: Lanzerotti Louis J.
Published: January 2012

Louis J. Lanzerotti was awarded the 2011 William Bowie Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, held on 7 December 2011 in San Francisco, Calif. The medal is for “outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in research.”
Scaling law describes Earth's electromagnetic environment
Authors: Balcerak Ernie
Published: January 2012

The electromagnetic environment surrounding Earth, including the geomagnetic field and atmospheric electric fields, varies on all time scales, but this frequency dependence has not been well studied. Analyzing observations compiled from several published sources,Füllekrug and Fraser‐Smith found that the energy density of the electromagnetic fields at the surface of the Earth follows a simple, fundamental scaling law: The energy density of the fields at a given frequency is inversely proportional to the square of the frequency. This relationship extends over a wide range of frequencies—16 orders of magnitude. The authors note that this is somewhat surprising, given the many different processes that cause electromagnetic field variations, including lightning discharge in the atmosphere, geomagnetic storms in the ionosphere, and many other electromagnetic effects, such as sprites in the middle atmosphere.
Automatic selection of reference taxa for protein–protein interaction prediction with phylogenetic profiling
Authors: Simonsen Martin , Maetschke Stefan R. , Ragan Mark A.
Published: January 2012

Motivation: Phylogenetic profiling methods can achieve good accuracy in predicting protein–protein interactions, especially in prokaryotes. Recent studies have shown that the choice of reference taxa (RT) is critical for accurate prediction, but with more than 2500 fully sequenced taxa publicly available, identifying the most-informative RT is becoming increasingly difficult. Previous studies on the selection of RT have provided guidelines for manual taxon selection, and for eliminating closely related taxa. However, no general strategy for automatic selection of RT is currently available.

Results: We present three novel methods for automating the selection of RT, using machine learning based on known protein–protein interaction networks. One of these methods in particular, Tree-Based Search, yields greatly improved prediction accuracies. We further show that different methods for constituting phylogenetic profiles often require very different RT sets to support high prediction accuracy.

Availability: The datasets and software used in the experiments can be found at http://users-birc.au.dk/zxr/phyloprof/

Contact:  zxr@birc.au.dk; somme89@gmail.com

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NetSeed: a network-based reverse-ecology tool for calculating the metabolic interface of an organism with its environment
Authors: Carr Rogan , Borenstein Elhanan
Published: January 2012

Summary: NetSeed is a web tool and Perl module for analyzing the topology of metabolic networks and calculating the set of exogenously acquired compounds. NetSeed is based on the seed detection algorithm, developed and validated in previous studies.

Availability: The NetSeed web-based tool, open-source Perl module, examples and documentation are freely available online at: http://depts.washington.edu/elbogs/NetSeed.

Contact:  elbo@uw.edu
Polyvascular Disease in Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Its Predictors and Outcomes
Authors: Al Thani Hassan , El-Menyar Ayman , AlHabib Khalid F. , Al-Motarreb Ahmed , Hersi Ahmad , AlFaleh Hussam , Asaad Nidal , Al Saif Shukri , Almahmeed Wael , Sulaiman Kadhim , Amin Haitham , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi A. , AlNemer Khalid , Al Suwaidi Jassim
Published: January 2012

We evaluated prevalence and clinical outcome of polyvascular disease (PolyVD) in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Data for 7689 consecutive ACS patients were collected from the 2nd Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events between October 2008 and June 2009. Patients were divided into 2 groups (ACS with versus without PolyVD). All-cause mortality was assessed at 1 and 12 months. Patients with PolyVD were older and more likely to have cardiovascular risk factors. On presentation, those patients were more likely to have atypical angina, high resting heart rate, high Killip class, and GRACE risk scoring. They were less likely to receive evidence-based therapies. Diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and hypertension were independent predictors for presence of PolyVD. PolyVD was associated with worse in-hospital outcomes (except for major bleedings) and all-cause mortality even after adjusting for baseline covariates. Great efforts should be directed toward primary and secondary preventive measures.
Cell-type-specific nuclei purification from whole animals for genome-wide expression and chromatin profiling
Authors: Steiner Florian A. , Talbert Paul B. , Kasinathan Sivakanthan , Deal Roger B. , Henikoff Steven
Published: January 2012

An understanding of developmental processes requires knowledge of transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes at the level of tissues and ultimately individual cells. However, obtaining tissue- or cell-type-specific expression and chromatin profiles for animals has been challenging. Here we describe a method for purifying nuclei from specific cell types of animal models that allows simultaneous determination of both expression and chromatin profiles. The method is based on in vivo biotin-labeling of the nuclear envelope and subsequent affinity purification of nuclei. We describe the use of the method to isolate nuclei from muscle of adult Caenorhabditis elegans and from mesoderm of Drosophila melanogaster embryos. As a case study, we determined expression and nucleosome occupancy profiles for affinity-purified nuclei from C. elegans muscle. We identified hundreds of genes that are specifically expressed in muscle tissues and found that these genes are depleted of nucleosomes at promoters and gene bodies in muscle relative to other tissues. This method should be universally applicable to all model systems that allow transgenesis and will make it possible to determine epigenetic and expression profiles of different tissues and cell types.
Australian mental health consumers’ priorities for research: Qualitative findings from the SCOPE for Research project
Authors: Banfield Michelle A. , Barney Lisa J. , Griffiths Kathleen M. , Christensen Helen M.
Published: January 2012

Background  There is growing acceptance of the importance of the consumer viewpoint in mental health research. Previous studies have identified differences in research priorities between researchers and mental health consumers in Australia defined broadly. However, little is known about the research priorities of consumers with specific mental health conditions.

Objective  The aim of this study was to explore Australian mental health consumers’ priorities for depression and bipolar disorder research.

Design  Focus groups with consumers and individual telephone interviews with consumer advocates. Participants were asked to discuss the topics they believed were priorities for depression or bipolar disorder research. Transcripts were thematically analysed using NVivo 7.

Setting and Participants  Ten people with depression and 19 with bipolar disorder participated in face‐to‐face focus groups held in three Australian capital cities. Five participants with each disorder participated in online focus groups. Five Australian consumer advocates with experience of depression and six with experience of bipolar disorder were individually interviewed by telephone.

Results  Participants raised a broad variety of topics for research. The most salient themes included the need for research on medication, and lifestyle and psychosocial influences on depression and bipolar disorder.

Conclusions  Participants’ priorities reflect an interest in a holistic approach to mental health research that examines the influences of everyday life and psychosocial influences both on the development and on the management of these disorders. Their focus was on research that explores individualized care and the active role that consumers can play in their own care and recovery.
A SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF AMENITY AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NORTHEAST REGION
Authors: Kahsai Mulugeta S. , Gebremedhin Tesfa G. , Schaeffer Peter V.
Published: January 2012

Amenities are expected to impact regional economic growth by affecting growth in population, employment, income, and house values. This study assesses whether the 299 counties in the Northeast (NE) region of the US can build and pursue a growth strategy that depends on their local and neighborhood amenities (natural and built). It extends previous studies by estimating a simultaneous spatial Durbin model (SDM) using the two stages least square method. Historical and cultural amenities and water based recreational amenities are found to play a positive role in shaping the growth of population in the northeast region of the US. The role of natural amenities, land and winter based amenities is found to be negative or insignificant. One of the important findings of the study is the positive role of surrounding counties’ historical and cultural amenities in the growth of population and employment densities. Overall there is no evidence of a consistent and strong relationship between amenities and regional economic growth, and the results can be termed “mixed and inconclusive”.
Confessions of a Psikhopatka: Opera Fandom and the Melodramatic Sensibility in Fin‐de‐Siècle Russia
Authors: FISHZON ANNA
Published: January 2012

This article looks at satirical depictions of opera fans and devotees' letters to the Bolshoi Theater celebrity bass Fedor Shaliapin to gain a sense of the ways urbanites fantasized and moralized on the eve of revolution. It argues that the imperatives and narrative structure of melodrama–both as a genre and meaning‐making system–shaped fans' yearnings and self‐expression. The letters document the emergence of new sensibilities regarding self, desire, and feeling–sensibilities made possible and reinforced by Europe‐wide phenomena like modernism, mass media, celebrity culture, and consumerism, as well as a political culture and myths specific to Russia. Fans loved and confessed melodramatically, verbally paying tribute to the authenticity and extraordinariness of the star, the virtue of pathos, and the autonomy of the emoting individual. Devotees appropriated press‐generated negative images of fans (as transgressive psikhopatki) in the arrangement of their identity, inverting the valuation and meaning commonly ascribed to them. Through the practice of confessional letter writing, born of an unrequited desire for intractable personalities who constantly alternated between operatic roles and “real life,” fans imagined and fashioned themselves as highly expressive, exceptional, and therefore ethical beings. The article seeks ultimately to initiate a discussion about the relevance of the melodramatic sensibility beyond the fin de siècle: melodramatic understandings of self and sincerity were furthered by Bolshevik political culture, autobiographical practices, and performances. Melodrama also offered a potentially radical aesthetics and subversive approach to Soviet life.
Parental Risk Attitudes and Children's Academic Test Scores: Evidence from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Authors: Brown Sarah , Ortiz‐Nuñez Aurora , Taylor Karl
Published: January 2012

Using a sequence of questions from the 1996 US Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we explore the implications of interpersonal differences in parent's attitudes towards risk for the academic test scores of their children focusing on information drawn from the 1997 Child Development Supplement of the PSID. In addition, we explore whether parental risk preference influences whether the child subsequently attends college. Our findings suggest that a parent's degree of risk aversion is inversely related to the academic test scores of their children as well as being inversely related to the probability of attending college post high school.
Engaging Diversity in Teaching Religion and Theology: An Intercultural, De‐colonial Epistemic Perspective
Authors: Andraos Michel Elias
Published: January 2012

This essay explores new ways of engaging diversity in the production of knowledge in the classroom using coloniality as an analytical lens. After briefly engaging some of the recent literature on coloniality, focusing on the epistemic dimension, the author uses the example of teaching a course on religion, culture, and theology, where he employs this analysis, to develop a new pedagogical approach as a step towards an intercultural, de‐colonial theological education.
How word frequency modulates masked repetition priming: An ERP investigation
Authors: Grainger Jonathan , Lopez Danielle , Eddy Marianna , Dufau Stéphane , Holcomb Phillip J.
Published: January 2012

The present study used event‐related potentials (ERPs) to provide precise temporal information about the modulation of masked repetition priming effects × word frequency during the course of target word recognition. Contrary to the pattern seen with behavioral response times in prior research, we predicted that high‐frequency words should generate larger and earlier peaking repetition priming effects than low‐frequency words in the N400 time window. This prediction was supported by the results of two experiments. Furthermore, repetition priming effects in the N250 time window were found for low‐frequency words in both experiments, whereas for high‐frequency words these effects were seen only at the shorter (50 ms stimulus onset asynchrony [SOA]) used in Experiment 2, and not in Experiment 1 (70 ms SOA). We explain this pattern as resulting from reset mechanisms operating on the form representations activated by prime stimuli when primes and targets are processed as separate perceptual events.
Integrating multidirectional connectivity requirements in systematic conservation planning for freshwater systems
Authors: Hermoso Virgilio , Kennard Mark J. , Linke Simon
Published: January 2012

Aim Recent efforts to apply the principles of systematic conservation planning to freshwater ecosystems have focused on the special connected nature of these systems as a way to ensure adequacy (long‐term maintenance of biodiversity). Connectivity is important in maintaining biodiversity and key ecological processes in freshwater environments and is of special relevance for conservation planning in these systems. However, freshwater conservation planning has focused on longitudinal connectivity requirements within riverine ecosystems, while other habitats, such as floodplain wetlands or lakes and connections among them, have been overlooked. Here, we address this gap by incorporating a new component of connectivity in addition to the traditional longitudinal measure.

Location Northern Australia.

Methods We integrate lateral connections between freshwater areas (e.g. lakes and wetlands) that are not directly connected by the river network and the longitudinal upstream–downstream connections. We demonstrate how this can be used to incorporate ecological requirements of some water‐dependent taxa that can move across drainage divides, such as waterbirds.

Results When applied together, the different connectivity rules allow the identification of priority areas that contain whole lakes or wetlands, their closest neighbours whenever possible, and the upstream/downstream reaches of rivers that flow into or from them. This would facilitate longitudinal and lateral movements of biota while minimizing the influence of disturbances potentially received from upstream or downstream reaches.

Main conclusions This new approach to defining and applying different connectivity rules can help improve the adequacy of freshwater‐protected areas by enhancing movements of biodiversity within priority areas. The integration of multiple connectivity needs can also serve as a bridge to integrate freshwater and terrestrial conservation planning.
Mutant HrasG12V and KrasG12D have overlapping, but non‐identical effects on hepatocyte growth and transformation frequency in transgenic mice
Authors: Figueiredo Marxa L. , Stein Timothy J. , Jochem Adam , Sandgren Eric P.
Published: January 2012

Background

Mouse hepatocarcinogenesis is associated with mutations in Hras, but infrequently in Kras. The effect on carcinogenesis of developmental age at the time of ras mutation remains unknown.

Aim

We sought to compare quantitatively the effects of expressing mutant H‐ or Kras genes in fetal vs. adult mouse liver.

Methods

We established an inducible system of gene expression in mouse liver to define disease pathogenesis associated with activation of oncogene expression.

Results

Diffuse expression of either oncogene in fetal or adult hepatocytes caused hepatomegaly. For mutant HrasG12V, this phenotype was almost fully reversible and accompanied by apoptosis, indicating that maintenance of hepatomegaly requires continuous HrasG12V expression. We also examined the effect of ras expression on growth of transplanted hepatocytes in an in vivo system that allows us to quantify hepatocyte growth effects in both permissive and restrictive hepatic growth environments. Mutant KrasG12D had no effect on hepatocyte growth in this system. In contrast, HrasG12V induced increased hepatocyte focus growth in quiescent liver, the hallmark of a cell autonomous growth stimulus. HrasG12V also increased the fraction of donor hepatocyte foci that displayed extreme growth, a characteristic of preneoplastic lesions.

Conclusions

The primary effect of diffuse, whole‐liver expression of either mutant ras gene in fetal or adult mouse liver is diffuse and progressive hepatic growth. HrasG12V mutation influences hepatocarcinogenesis by conferring cell autonomous growth potential upon foci of expressing cells and by increasing the risk of neoplastic progression. KrasG12D does not share these latter carcinogenic effects in mouse liver.
Natural History of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Childhood: Eight‐Year Follow‐Up Cohort Study in an Urban Community in Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Queiroz Dulciene M. , Carneiro Jessica G. , Braga‐Neto Manuel B. , Fialho Andrea B. C. , Fialho Andre M. , Goncalves Maria H. B. , Rocha Gifone A. , Rocha Andreia M. C. , Braga Lucia L. B.
Published: January 2012

Background:  Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired predominantly in childhood. There is also evidence that children loss the infection. Therefore, factors that account for children remain infected need to be investigated because once established the infection persists throughout the life unless treated.

Methods:  This study aimed to evaluate the H. pylori infection in children of a low‐income community at baseline and 8 years later to determine the predictor factors linked to the maintenance, acquisition, and loss of the infection using regression models of generalized estimating equations. H. pylori status was determined by 13C‐urea breath test.

Results:  Data from 37.7% (133/353) of the children were available. No difference between the characteristics of the included and nonincluded children was observed. The prevalence of infection increased from 53.4 to 64.7%. Thirty‐nine children (29.3%) remained noninfected, 47.4% remained infected, 17.3% became infected, and 6.0% lost the infection. Factors associated with to remain infected compared with to remain noninfected included the age, increased number of children in the household, and the use of well water instead of municipal water. The acquisition of the infection was associated with the male gender.

Conclusion:  Factors linked to remain and to gain H. pylori infection in a poor region were increased number of children in the household and the male gender. Also, the acquisition rates were higher than the loss rates, which lead to an increase in the infection prevalence with age.