bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Video Game Play: Practices of Teenaged Players from Pakistan
Authors: Ali Aniqa , Saleem Dr. Noshina
Published: September 2020

The present research study aimed to examining gender differences in gaming patterns and preferences of teenage gamers in Pakistan. The gaming patterns involve frequency of game play and time spent on game play. The video game preferences were measured by exploring game genres and style(mode) in which game players mostly play. The study was quantitative and survey is conducted by using purposive research method as only game player were selected as sample from schools of Islamabad, Pakistan. The close ended questionnaire adapted from ‘Media Self Report Questionnaire’ used by Elliot (2006), Bajovic (2012) and Hodge (2019) was filled by 576 respondents. The study found that teenage girls and boys significantly differ in terms of frequency of game play and time spent on video gaming. It was found that boys mostly play in multiplayer mode and prefer to play action, role playing game and sports game genres. On the other hand girls’ prefer single player mode and adventure, action and horror game genres. The present research can be used as baseline exploratory study for future studies in the domain of video gaming.
Korelasi Kadar HBA2 dengan Indeks Mentzer Pada Pasien Thalasemia Di RS Hermina Depok
Authors: Susanto Hadi , Susanti Diana
Published: September 2020

Thalasemia merupakan penyakit keturunan yang disebabkan oleh adanya mutasi gen globin α atau β, yang kemudian menimbulkan kelainan sintesis Hemoglobin. Secara klinis, Thalasemia sulit dibedakan dengan anemia defisiensi besi. Indeks Mentzer adalah satu metode skrining awal yang digunakan untuk membedakan kedua hal tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar HbA2 dengan indeks Mentzer pada pasien Thalasemia di RS Hermina Depok. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei – Agustus 2018 dengan sampel adalah 40 data hasil pemeriksaan Elektroforesa Hb dan indeks Mentzer pada pasien dengan diagnosa thalasemia di RS Hermina Depok. Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji korelasi Spearmanmenyimpulkan bahwa terdapat korelasi lemah dan berpola negatif (r = -0,078; p-value= 0,631), yang berarti apabila nilai kadar HbA2 bertambah maka nilai indeks Mentzer akan berkurang, dan sebaliknya. Indeks Mentzer dihitung dari hasil hitung darah lengkap (complete blood count /CBC). Jika MCV dibagi dengan RBC kurang dari 13, maka dinyatakan sebagai Thalasemia. Tapi jika hasilnya lebih besar dari 13, maka dinyatakan sebagai anemia defisiensi besi. Pada penderita Thalasemia ditemukan adanya peningkatan kadar HbA2 dengan pembacaan menggunakan Indeks Mentzer untuk penderita Thalasemia adalah kurang dari 13. Semakin meningkat kadar HbA2 maka nilai indeks Mentzer akan semakin rendah dari 13.Kata kunci: Thalasemia, HbA2, Indeks Mentzer
Perbandingan Hasil Agregasi Trombosit Tanpa Pengenceran dan dengan Pengenceran Spesimen 1:1 Di Rumah Sakit Premier Bintaro
Authors: Susanto Hadi , Yohana Yune , Kurniati Dewi
Published: September 2020

Frekuensi kematian akibat penyumbatan pembuluh darah di otak dan jantung yang meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Salah satu faktor terpenting yang berperan dalam proses penyumbatan tersebut adalah thrombosis. salah satu cara untuk menilai fungsi trombosit tersebut adalah dengan pemeriksaan agregasi trombosit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  Mengetahui hasil tes agregasi trombosit dengan pengenceran spesimen 1:1 menggunakan NaCl fisiologis. Metode Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pemeriksaan Agregasi trombosit dari spesimen tanpa pengenceran dan dengan pengenceran metode turbiditimetri Hasil Penelitian : Analisa  menggunakan uji  Paired sampel tes  Sig. (2-tailed) 0.05 yang menunjukan perbedaan dari hasil tanpa pengenceran dan dengan pengenceran. Terdapat adanya perbedaan hasil dari penelitian sehingga tidak dianjurkan untuk melakukan pengenceran pada pemeriksaan Agregasi trombosit. Kata kunci : Agregasi trombosit,Tanpa pengenceran, Pengenceran
Gambaran Titer CRP Pada Demam Akut Pasien Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Dan Demam Tifoid Pada Usia 3 Tahun Periode Januari 2017-Juni 2018 Di Rumah Sakit Hermina Kemayoran
Authors: Bedah Sumiati , Mahmudah Mahmudah , Putri Utami
Published: September 2020

Penyakit infeksi Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) dan demam tifoid masih menjadi permasalah kesehatan di Indonesia.Dalam mendiagnosis penyakit infeksi DBD dan infeksi demam tifoid, kedua penyakit infeksi tersebut memiliki gejala-gejala yang hampir sama pada demam hari ke 3 sehingga akan merasa sulit dalam membedakannya.C Reactive Protein merupakan protein fase akut yang dibentuk di hati (oleh sel hepatosit) akibat adanya proses peradangan atau infeksi. Oleh karena itu CRP Kuantitatif sangat baik untuk menilai aktivitas penyakit dalam keadaan demam akut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran kadar CRP Kuantitatif pada demam akut karena infeksi DBD dan infeksi demam tifoid di Rumah Sakit Hermina Kemayoran pada usia 3 tahun.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder pada 50 data pasien infeksi DBD dan 50 data pasien infeksi demam tifoid. Alat yang digunakan adalah menggunakan alat Nycocard Reader II dengan metode Sandwich Immunometri. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan prevalensi pasien terinfeksi DBD (34%), sedangkan prevalensi pasien terinfeksi demam tifoid (80%).Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa titer CRP Kuantitatif pada infeksi DBD dan infeksi demam tifoid terdapat perbedaan rata-rata yang bermakna di Rumah Sakit Hermina Kemayoran. Disarankan kepada para klinisi pemeriksaan CRP Kuantitatif agar dapat digunakan sebagai alat bantu penunjang diagnostik pada pasien demam akut. Kata Kunci                  : CRP, Dengue, Demam Tifoid
Infeksi Nematoda Usus Pada Anak Usia 6-12 Tahun Di Kampung Cipamuruyan Desa Sanghiangdengdek Kecamatan Pulosari Pandeglang
Authors: Harun Syahrial , Bedah Sumiati , Fasihat Iis Fatan
Published: September 2020

Prevalensi infeksi Nematoda Usus masih tinggi terutama pada anak-anak. Kecacingan yang disebabkan oleh cacing yang ditularkan melalui tanah atau Soil Transmitted Helminths, yaitu Ascaris lumbricoides(cacing gelang), Trichuris trichiura(cacing cambuk), Ancylostoma duodenaledan Necator americanus(cacing tambang). Faktor yang menyebabkan tingginya infeksi Nematoda Usus adalah personal hyginedan fasilitas sanitasinya yang masih rendah terutama yang belum memiliki jamban dan kebiasaan buang air besar di tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi infeksi nematoda usus dan spesies nematoda usus di Kampung Cipamuruyan. Populasi ini diambil dari seluruh anak usia 6-12 tahun di Kampung Cipamuruyan Desa Sanghiangdengdek Kecamatan Pulosari. Pemeriksaan secara mikroskopik terhadap 52 sampel feses anak-anak dan dilakukan wawancara untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan perilaku kebersihan anak. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sedimentasi (pengendapan).  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapat besar angka infeksi Nematoda Usus yang ditularkan melalui tanah adalah 100% (52/52). Spesies cacing yang ditemukan ada 3 yaitu Ascaris lumbricoidessebanyak 28 (53,85%), Trichuris trichiurasebanyak 46 (88,46%) dan Cacing tambang sebanyak 2 (3,85%), diantara spesies yang didapat ada infeksi tunggal dan infeksi ganda. Data personal hygiene dan fasilitas sanitasiberdasarkan kuisionerdidapatkan tingkat personal hygiene baik dengan hasil positif sebanyak 17respondendan buruk dengan hasil positif sebayak 35responden. Sedangkan pada fasilitas sanitasi, yang mempunyai jamban dengan jumlah positif sebanyak 4 responden dan yang tidak memiliki jamban dengan jumlah positif sebanyak 48 responden. Kata kunci          : Nematoda Usus,kebersihan anak, STH.
Pemeriksaan Kualitas Bakteriologis Jus Jambu Biji Merah Yang Dijual Pedagang Kaki Lima Di Jalan Margonda Raya Kota Depok
Authors: Zuraida Zuraida
Published: September 2020

Minuman Jus merupakan minuman sari buah yang diperoleh dari proses pemerasan mesin mixersehingga akan diperoleh sari dari buah atau sayuran. Jambu Biji Merah merupakan salah satu buah-buahan yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat dan memiliki banyak khasiat bagi kesehatan. Jambu biji merah merupakan salah satu buah yang dapat diolah menjadi minuman jus. Tetapi juga dilaporkan banyak terjadi kasus keracunan yang disebabkan oleh mengkonsumsi minuman ini.Penelitian pemeriksaan kualitas bakteriologis terhadap 8 sampel jus jambu biji merah yang dijual dijalan margonda kota depok. Sampel diperiksa untuk mengetahui kualitas bakteriologisnya memenuhi persyaratan atau tidak berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia 3719:2014 mengenai Mutu Minuman Sari Buah  Sampel diperiksa menggunakan metode Most Probable Number(MPN), cara kerja berdasarkan SNI ISO ISO 7251:2005.Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan 6(75%)produsen tidak memenuhi persyaratan dikarenakan nilai MPN koliform melebihi ambang yaitu maksimal 20 MPN/ml. Dan MPN Eschericia colididapatkan 6(75%)produsen dengan hasil sampel positif mengandung bakteri E. coliyang melebihi batas persyaratan yaitu 3 koloni/ml. Kualitas Jus Jambu Biji Merah dapat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas air baku, mutu bahan baku, sanitasi peralatan, proses pembuatan, tindakan dan personal hygiene penjamah. Kata Kunci : Kualitas Bakteriologi, Jus Jambu Biji Merah, MPN
Perbandingan Kadar Boraks Pada Bakso Tusuk Sebelum Dibakar Dan Sesudah Dibakar Yang Dijual Di Kramat Jati Jakarta Timurperbandingan Kadar Boraks Pada Bakso Tusuk Sebelum Dibakar Dan Sesudah Dibakar Yang Dijual Di Kramat Jati Jakarta Timur
Authors: Masdianto Masdianto , Nurdiani Catu Umirestu , Iqbal Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Bakso tusuk bakar adalah yang diolah dengan bumbu khusus dan dibakar langsung. Salah satu penyalahgunaan pemakaian boraks yaitu untuk pembuatan bakso. Boraks toksik bersifat (racun) untuk semua sel dan jaringan tubuh, termasuk ginjal, dapat menimbulkan radang pada saluran pencernaan, degenerasi atau pengecilan hati.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar boraks pada bakso tusuk dengan membandingkan kadar boraks sebelum dibakar dan sesudah dibakar. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini 10 bakso tusuk. Uji kualitatif dengan cara uji nyala api dan kertas kurkumin, Uji kuantitatif dengan metode spektrofotometri.Hasil penelitian didapat  sampel positif mengandung boraks, dengan kadar tertinggi sebelum dibakar 1,94 ppm (sampel BF) dan kadar terendah sebelum dibakar 0,54 ppm (sampel BC). Kadar tertinggi sesudah dibakar 1,68 ppm (sampel BF) dan kadar terendah 0,50 ppm (sampel BC). Tidak ada perbedaan  kadar boraks pada bakso tusuk sebelum dibakar dan bakso tusuk sesudah dibakar. Proses pembakaran tidak mempengaruhi penurunan kadar boraks pada bakso tusuk. Kata kunci                :    Boraks, Bakso Tusuk, Sebelum dan Sesudah
Penerapan Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) Melalui Sosialisasi Potensi Bahaya di Sekolah
Authors: Djaali Nur Asniati , Usman Syarif , Agustino Rano , Simaibang Frenta Helena
Published: September 2020

Terjadinya kecelakaan dan penyakit akibat bekerja atau beraktifitas sehari-hari dapat terjadi pada siapa saja dan dimana saja, tidak terkecuali pada siswa saat berada di lingkungan sekolah. Kecelakaan dan penyakit akibat pekerjaan atau aktifitas adalah suatu hal yang dapat dihindari lebih dini seandainya pekerja atau siswa mengetahui tentang potensi bahaya yang ada di sekitar mereka. Tujuan dilaksanakannya kegiatan ini adalah memberikan kontribusi keilmuan prodi kesehatan masyarakat dalam memecahkan permasalahan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja (K3) yang ada di masyakarat khususnya di sekolah. Secara khusus kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa/i dan warga sekolah tentang potensi bahaya di sekolah dan kemungkinan faktor resiko kecekalaan dan penyakit akibat aktifitas disekolah, serta meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanganan terhadap bahaya atau penyakit akibat beraktifitas di sekolah. Mitra dalam kegiatan ini adalah SMA Negeri 93 Jakarta yang berlokasi di daerah kramat jati Jakarta Timur berjarak sekitar 1,5 km dari kampus UMHT.Â  SMA Negeri 93 merupakan salah satu sekolah pemerintah yang membutuhkan perhatian dalam penerapan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja di sekolah. Solusi yang ditawarkan melalui kegiatan ini adalah melakukan idenfitikasi potensi bahaya di sekolah, penyuluhan terkait faktor resiko dan penanganan terhadap kecelakaan dan penyakit akibat kerja di sekolah, pemasangan tanda bahaya dan poster K3, serta dilakukan simulasi dalam penerapan K3 di sekolah. Dengan kegiatan ini diharapkan akan terjadi penerapan budaya kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja di sekolah.
Evaluasi Ekstrak Daun Rhodomyrtus tomentosa sebagai Green Inhibitor pada Korosi Aluminium dalam Larutan Asam dan Basa
Authors: Mardiah Mardiah
Published: September 2020

Evaluasi ekstrak daun karamunting sebagai inhibitor korosi aluminium dalam larutan asam dan basa dipelajari dengan  menggunakan uji perendaman. Metode gravimetri digunakan untuk menghitung laju korosi aluminium dengan dan tanpa inhibitor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa yang terkandung dalam ekstrak daun karamunting merupakan senyawa heteroatom oksigen dan memilki ikatan rangkap. Berdasarkan hasil studi permukaan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), tingkat kerusakan aluminium dengan penambahan inhibitor lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tanpa inhibitor. Penambahan inhibitor dari ekstrak daun karamunting dapat mengurangi laju korosi aluminium. Efisiensi penggunaan inhibitor diperoleh 73,66% pada larutan NaOH dan 80,78% pada larutan HCl pada variabel konsentrasi inhibitor dan waktu perendaman tertinggi. Model regresi linier berganda digunakan pula dalam penelitian ini untuk memprediksi laju korosi aluminium.   Kata kunci: aluminium,  ekstrak alami,  inhibitor,  korosi, regresi linier
Prediction of Surface Roughness in Drilling of Polymers using a Geometrical Model and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Baroiu Nicusor , Costin Georgiana-Alexandra , Teodor Virgil Gabriel , Nedelcu Dumitru , Tabacaru Valentin
Published: September 2020

Polymeric materials are synthetic macromolecular products, of which, by mechanical or thermal processing, objects of various shapes can be obtained, with wide uses in industry and commerce. This paper deals with the roughness of surfaces obtained during drilling of three polymeric materials: polyamide - PA6, polyacetal - POM-C and high density polyamide - HDPE 1000. In the experimental research was used a EMCO MILL 55 milling machine numerical controlled and HS steel helical drills with two straight cutting edges with the diameter of �8 mm and �10 mm, respectively. Experimental determinations consisted in drilling of the polymeric materials by modifying some parameters of the cutting regime, and determining the roughness of the surface of the holes machined, using the Mitutoyo Surftest SJ-210 rough meter. The purpose of the paper is to predict the roughness of the machined surfaces as one of the important surface quality indicators by using a geometrical model and an artificial neural network (ANN) methodology.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Dosen Tamu Mata Kuliah PPh OP Terhadap Kepuasan Mahasiswa
Authors: Purnomolastu N. , Nabila D. Tialurra Della
Published: September 2020

One of the most critical objectives in all institutions of higher learning is attaining student satisfaction because student satisfaction has become an increasingly important component of institutional reports as a means of accountability to educational stakeholders. The aims of this study is  to determine the influence of guest lecturer competence of PPh OP toward students’ satisfaction at Prodi Perpajakan Politeknik Ubaya. The finding shows that the competence of guest lecturer is significantly relates to student satisfaction positively.
Pemanfaatan Internet Oleh Mahasiswa Dalam Menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN
Authors: Indrawati Lilik
Published: September 2020

The education process is basically the transfer of information. The rapid development of information technology have an impact on human life, especially education. Its positive impact is closely linked to improved quality of life. Information facing ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is so easily obtained

either through the mass media, electronics, as well as through a network of  internet technology. The Internet is a network of information, communication, and various sources are not infinite number of which can be used to help users produce a final project, thesis, thesis, dissertation, project work, and so on. Internet as a tool for achieving information on a global scale. Users can now obtain more information than what is contained in the textbooks by searching and accessing all websites around the world. Especially for the students, with the internet which is easily accessible anywhere, using either WIFI or a particular provider, making it easier for students to obtain data or news from domestic and foreign news. Students may also work on assignments, tests, and develop materials that have been received in the lecture. Thus, more extensive knowledge of students.
Analisis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Home Industry Dalam Rangka Mendorong Kemandirian Ekonomi
Authors: Rifai Muhamad , Agustim Warter , Indrihastuti Poppy
Published: September 2020

Shoots is one type of foodstuffs from young shoots of bamboo plants are quite popular in the community. The young shoots can be consumed, thus classified into vegetable. The main ingredient  in the crude bamboo shoot is water, which is about 91%. In addition, bamboo shoots contain protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, as well as other minerals for instance calcium, phosphorus, iron, and calcium. This shoots is often processed into a variety of materials snacks. One of them is the spring rolls bamboo shoots. Spring rolls bamboo shoots business is generally carried out by SME entrepreneurs in many areas in Indonesia, one of which is done by MSMEs in Desa Pakis, Kabupaten Malang. This study aims to look at the extent to which the development of this business in the Desa Pakis, Kabupaten Malang and explore the factors that hinder the development of its business and give suggestions so that this business can be developed further in the future. The findings concerning the factors inhibiting the development of this business, among others, are a product of spring rolls bamboo shoots produced is not hygienic, not durable, not registered at the Malang District Health Office, sales are made to the model consignment with the scope of the marketing area is still very limited, the product packaging is not interestingly, the business has not been registered in the Malang District Industry and Trade Office and difficulty in obtaining loans from banks additional capital for business development.
Almanca Öğretmenliği Programı Öğrencilerinin Bakış Açısından Çift Anadal Programları
Authors: ŞAHİN Hamdullah , ÖZTÜRK Kadriye
Published: September 2020

Türkiye’de 1998 yılından bu yana üniversitelerde lisans düzeyinde uygulanmakta olan Çift Anadal Programları, şartları sağlayabilen öğrencilere iki ayrı anadaldan aynı zamanda mezun olma şansı tanımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bu programları bütün yönleri ile Almanca Öğretmenliği bölümlerinin gözünden incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Buna yönelik olarak veri toplamak için bir anket geliştirilmiş ve bu anket Türkiye’deki altı üniversitenin Almanca Öğretmenliği Programı öğrencisi olan 513 kişi üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre çift anadala katılımcıların ilgisi beklenilenin çok üstündedir. Katılımcılar özellikle ileride atanma şanslarını çift diploma sayesinde artırmak için çift anadal yapmak istediklerini belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca katılımcıların büyük bir çoğunluğu İngilizce Öğretmenliği bölümünde çift anadal yapmak isterken bu seçimin başlıca nedenleri olarak katılımcıların İngilizce dil bilgilerinin iyi olması ve bu bölümün atanma oranlarının yüksek olması bulunmuştur. Katılımcılar, çift anadal sayesinde disiplinlerarası çalışma becerilerinin gelişmesine ve çift anadalın hem mesleki hem de bilişsel birçok faydası olduğuna da işaret etmişlerdir. Bununla beraber çift anadal yapmak katılımcılar tarafından stresli, zaman açısından ve iş yükü bakımından zor bir program olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre çift anadalın daha da geliştirilmesi ve sorunlarının ortadan kaldırılmasına yönelik bazı öneriler verilmiştir.
Talent Management Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Lembaga KSPPS BMT Mitra Sadaya Cabang Purwakarta
Authors: Jalaludin Jalaludin , Komarujaman Heru
Published: September 2020

Adaptation companies to pass talent management need at global era in view of information current and fast change and then continuous.Human resources with new talent for organization is need to achieve organization success/performance. Organization must time increase and energy to repair performance from new talent. Talent will compete do the best for organization when organization will appreciate the job.
Effect of Product Quality and Paint Prices on Consumer Satisfaction of Adeng Jaya TB, Tanjungsiang Subang District
Authors: Rodiah Roro Rodiah , Jalaludin Jalaludin , Damiri Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Based on Observations in Tanjungsiang District There are several building shops that sell paint, but the majority of people buy paint at TB Adeng Jaya because there are several kinds of paint products that are sold from paint kilos, cans, to buckets. Making it easier for consumers to buy paint in accordance with what is desired. This study aims to discuss and analyze. Effect of product quality on customer satisfaction, The effect of paint prices on customer satisfaction, as well as the influence of product quality and paint prices on customer satisfaction. The effect of paint prices on customer satisfaction, as well as the influence of product quality and paint prices on customer satisfaction. The research method used is the survey method which is sourced from primary and secondary data about the quality of product X1 and the price of paint X2 on customer satisfaction Y. seen from the purpose of this study included in the research explanatory research, because it involves 3 variables that are interconnected with each other. Based on the results of testing using SPSS 26.0 software, this study can be concluded as follows,, the effect of (X1) on (Y) has a value of Tcount 9,055> Ttable 1,988 with a significance value of 0,000 <0.05 and R square value of 0.494, this shows the quality of paint products (X1) significantly influence customer satisfaction (Y) 49.4% while the remaining 50.6% is determined by other variables, the influence of (X2) on (Y) has a T-value of 2.081> Ttable 1.988 with a significance value of 0.000 <0.05, and an R Square value of 0.049, this shows that the price of paint (X2) has a significant effect on customer satisfaction (Y) of 4.9% while the remaining 95.1% is determined by other variables,and the influence of (X1) and (X2) on (Y) has a value of F count 0.330 < Ftable 3.11 with a significance value of 0.720> 0.05, and the R square value of 0.089 does not lie in the correlation interval, this shows the quality of the product (X1) and the price of paint (X2) has no effect on customer satisfaction (Y).
OPTIMIZACIÓN DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE FRUCTOOLIGOSACÁRIDOS A PARTIR DEL EXTRACTO DE ALGARROBO UTILIZANDO FRUCTOSILTRANSFERASAS
Authors: Peña Suasnabar Carmen , Iris Zavaleta Amparo
Published: September 2020

Los fructooligosacáridos (FOS) son polímeros de fructosa, unidos mediante enlaces glucosídicos β(2-1), considerados edulcorantes de bajo aporte calórico con función prebiótica que pueden ser obtenidos a partir de sacarosa por biosíntesis. Los frutos del algarrobo (Prosopis pallida) contienen principalmente carbohidratos y, en particular, alta concentración de sacarosa. Por tal motivo, se optimizó la producción de FOS a partir del extracto de algarrobo usando pectinasa de A. aculeatus. La metodología de superficie de respuesta se aplicó para optimizar los parámetros que afectan la producción como: tiempo, temperatura y extracto de algarrobo; después se verificaron experimentalmente. El proceso de biosíntesis de FOS se realizó con extracto de algarrobo a las concentraciones de 20, 35 y 50 °Bx, pectinasa a 10, 35 y 61 mg, a 45, 55 y 65 °C durante 0,5; 9,5 y 18 h, con agitación a 150 rpm. Los métodos de análisis para glucosa y FOS fueron glucosa oxidasa y AOAC 999,03 respectivamente y el programa Minitab 16. Las condiciones óptimas de reacción para la producción de FOS fueron: extracto de algarrobo 38 °Bx, pectinasa 31 mg, 54 °C, 150 rpm y 12 h. El rendimiento experimental en el extracto transformado fue FOS 16,1 % cuantificados por HPLC.
COVID-19 Vaccines-Safety First, Alleged “Greater Good” Last
Authors: Jeon Ki-Yeob
Published: September 2020

Some experts say that mandatory COVID-19 vaccinations will be necessary when COVID-19 vaccines are ready. But a red fl ag was raised when one of the fi ve core candidates of Operation Warp Speed Vaccines of COVID-19 [1] showed a transverse myelitis-like case in its third vaccine trial [2].
MURAKAMİ’NİN HAŞLANMIŞ HARİKALAR DİYARI VE DÜNYANIN SONU ADLI ESERİNDEKİ KAFKAESK İMGELER
Authors: DEPCİ Aytemis
Published: September 2020

Çağdaş edebiyat eleştirisinde en sık kullanılan kavramlardan biri olan Metinlerarasılık, her metnin sadece diğer metinlerle ilişkili olarak bir anlamı olduğunu, bir metnin diğer tüm metinlerden bağımsız olarak anlam üretemeyeceğini savunan ve okuma eylemini metinsel ilişkiler ağına oturtan bir söylemdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı metinlerarası söylemden faydalanarak Murakami’nin Haşlanmış Harikalar Diyarı ve Dünyanın Sonu adlı romanında Kafkaesk referansların sanatsal bir araç olarak kullanıldığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu makalede, Murakami’nin Haşlanmış Harikalar Diyarı ve Dünyanın Sonu adlı romanındaki Kafkaesk yabancılaşma ve izole olma kapı imgesi üzerinden değerlendirilecek hem Murakami’nin eseri hem de Kafka’nın Dönüşüm adlı eserindeki kapı metaforuna odaklanılarak eserler arasındaki ilişki metinlerarasılık söylemi bağlamında ele alınacaktır. Her iki metin de detaylı incelendiğinde, kapı metaforunun her iki çalışmada da temel bir rol oynadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca her iki romandaki zırh-kabuk metaforları irdelenerek kendini koruma dürtüsüne açıklama getirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu çalışma Murakami’nin kullandığı Kafkaesk metaforlara odaklanarak eseri oluşturan bu küçük detayların romanın dünyasını yansıtan önemli parçalar olduğunu göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Rechtsvisualisierung Quo Vadis? Von der schematisch-logischen zur szenisch-situativen Rechtsvisualisierung
Authors: Holzer Florian
Published: September 2020

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der schematisch-logischen und der szenisch-situativen Rechtsvisualisierung. Es wurden Unterschiede herausgearbeitet und Chancen und Risiken für den Bereich der Rechtsdidaktik begutachtet.
Introduction to Legal Visualization
Authors: Čyras Vytautas , Lachmayer Friedrich , Hoffmann Harald , Weng Yueh-Hsuan
Published: September 2020

The law appears in legal texts and in typed legal situations. Textuality began to dominate with the reception of Roman law. The advancement of socially and legally used machines will decrease the importance of textuality and increase that of legal programming. Legal visualization fits this trend. The peculiarities of law form an object of visualization. Legal texts are in an abstract frame, which is not linguistically structured. Besides the types of legal situations, the pre-textual interdependencies of legal terms should be made visible. Situations can be governed by legal machines.
A Multiperspective View of Unified Identification and Authentication Spaces
Authors: Riedl Reinhard , Spichiger Andreas , Bernold Ronny , Smith Eric , Brugger Jerome
Published: September 2020

We discuss the requirements for a unified European identification and authentication space. In particular we depict the legal, economic, cultural, social, and technical requirements and we formulate open research questions.
Program Transparency for Legal Machines
Authors: Čyras Vytautas , Lachmayer Friedrich
Published: September 2020

This paper attempts to define the transparency problem. The context is the changeover from a text culture to a machine culture in law. The paradigm change to electronic procedures reveals new contexts for justice. Note that equal access to e-procedures does not guarantee justice. The transparency of the law leads to the transparency of programs. We formulate two requirements for legal machines: 1) the architecture of the program must be made accessible; and 2) the program must provide legal protection. The implementation of these requirements is a subject for software engineering. A need therefore arises for the requirements to flow down to lower level specifications. In the end we define program transparency as a compliance problem.
How Social Media Changes Today’s Marketing Strategies
Authors: Murshed Nasr Abdulaziz
Published: September 2020

In the past recent years, WhatsApp and WeChat have surprisingly fast growth. Facebook as well became the first social network to reach 1 billion active users every month. The presence of social media is an expectation for brands instead of an exception to the rule. Social events and shared information within your target market will help you understand developments in the industry. The opportunity to expose patterns in business in real time is a potential business intelligence goldmine. The worldwide rate of social penetration reached 49% in 2020, with the highest penetration rates in East Asia and North America. Instagram enables users, through their standards of credibility, authenticity and transparency, to develop themselves. Influencers from social media have a personal recognizable identity, also known as the "true brand" An influencer has tools and values that can motivate many other followers to increase their presence in the media. Even if these leads do not directly buy via social, awareness-raising can lead them to become full-time buyers. The overwhelming majority of users in Instagram are under the age of 30 according to recent Social Media demographics. Marketers face a dilemma: more and more people want businesses to take a social stand, but 79% of CMOs fear that their capacity to attract consumers will be adversely affected. Businesses can mitigate negative emotions by providing positive information to popular social media users. Marketing managers will encourage consumers through tournament and influencer programmers to engage in contact practices so customers can evangelize and encourage their loyalty to the organization through the creation and delivery of user-generated content
The Role of Enterprise Risk Management as a Moderation in Increasing Company Value
Authors: Burhanuddin Fia Fauzia , Pagalung Gagaring , Damayanti R.A
Published: September 2020

We try to explain the role of enterprise risk management as a moderation in increasing firm value (empirical study on manufacturing companies that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period of 2016-2018. in this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) during the period 2016 to 2018. Samples using the purposive sampling method, there are 14 companies as samples.The analytical tool used is multiple linear regression analysis with Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) which aims to analyze the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR), managerial ownership, independent commissioners and audit committees on firm value with enterprise risk management as a moderating variable using SPSS v.22 software The results of the study show evidence that: (1) Corporate social responsibility sponsibility has a positive and significant effect on firm value. (2) Managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on firm value. (3) Independent commissioners have a positive and significant effect on company value. (4) The audit committee has a positive and significant effect on the value of the company. (5) Enterprise risk management is able to moderate the influence of corporate social responsibility on corporate value. (6) Enterprise risk management is able to moderate the influence of managerial ownership on firm value. (7) Enterprise risk management is able to moderate the influence of independent commissioners on company value. (8) Enterprise risk management is able to moderate the influence of the audit committee on the company's value.
THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL VITAMIN LEVELS ON INFANT BIRTH WEIGHT
Authors: HOCAOĞLU Meryem , BULUT Özgül , GÜNAY Taner , TURGUT Abdulkadir , OVALI Fahri
Published: September 2020

Aim: Malnutrition and vitamin deficiency during pregnancy result in low birth weight, neural tube defects, placenta and fetus anomalies and preterm delivery. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of maternal vitamin D, B12, folate and homocysteine levels on infant birth weight. Materials and Method: The retrospective study population comprised 76 pregnancies delivered at Goztepe Training and Research Hospital affiliated to Istanbul Medeniyet University between January 2017 and December 219. Womens were grouped as normal and low according to the vitamin D, B12, folate and homocysteine levels recorded at 37-42 weeks of gestation. Maternal serum vitamin D, B12, folate and homocysteine levels were defined as low <20 ng/mL, <200 pg/mL<2.5 ng/mL, and <5 µM/L, respectively. It was investigated whether there was a significant difference between infant birth weight in both groups and the effects of mother serum vitamin levels on the infant birth weight. Results: The mean maternal age and gestational age were 24.7±4.5 and 39.6±1 week, respectively. The mean infant birth weight was 3320±345 gram. There was no relationship between maternal vitamin D, B12 and homocysteine levels during pregnancy and neonatal birth weight (p >0.05). When confounding variables were adjusted, a positive correlation was found between maternal folate level and infant birth weight (p <0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be considered that the level of maternal folate plays an important role in determining the birth weight of the infants.
Is there an association between pathologic cervicovaginal smears and urinary tract infection?
Authors: BEKSAC Alp , DONMEZ Hanife Guler
Published: September 2020

Aim: To evaluate the association between pathologic cervicovaginal smears (abnormal cytological findings, fungal infections, bacterial vaginosis, and inflammation) and urinary tract infection (UTI).

Materials and Method: We evaluated Pap-stained cervicovaginal smears of 222 patients. Pathologic cervicovaginal smears were accepted as a study group (n = 59, 26.6%) while the remaining 163 (73.8%) patients who had no pathologic smears were accepted as a control group. Study and control groups were compared in terms of the presence of UTI.

Results: In this cohort (n = 222), we have demonstrated abnormal cytological findings, bacterial vaginosis, fungal infection, and inflammation with rates of 5.4%, 5.9%, 8.6%, and %6.8, respectively. The rate of UTI was demonstrated to be 5.1% and 3.1% in the study and control groups, respectively (p = 0.441). When the presence of abnormal cytological findings, bacterial vaginosis, fungal infection, and inflammation were considered separately, UTI was found to be significantly more frequent in patients with fungal infection compared to controls (p = 0.039).

Conclusion: UTI was found to be more frequent in patients with fungal infection.
The Effect of Cosmic Rays on Cometary Nuclei. II. Impact on Ice Composition and Structure
Authors: Maggiolo R. , Gronoff G. , Cessateur G. , Moore W. B. , Airapetian V. S. , De Keyser J. , Dhooghe F. , Gibbons A. , Gunell H. , Mertens C. J. , Rubin M. , Hosseini S.
Published: September 2020

Since their formation in the protosolar nebula some ∼4.5 billion years ago, comets are in storage in cold distant regions of the solar system, the Kuiper Belt/scattered disk or Oort Cloud. Therefore, they have been considered as mostly unaltered samples of the protosolar nebula. However, a significant dose of energy is deposited by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) into the outermost tens of meters of cometary nuclei during their stay in the Oort Cloud or Kuiper Belt. We investigate the impact of energy deposition by GCRs on cometary nuclei. We use experimental results from laboratory experiments and the energy deposition by GCRs estimated by Gronoff et al. (2020), to discuss the depth down to which the cometary nucleus is altered by GCRs. We show that GCRs do not significantly change the isotopic composition of cometary material but modify the chemical composition and the ice structure in the outer layers of the nucleus, which cannot be considered as pristine solar nebula material. We discuss the effect of the collisional history of comets on the distribution of processed material inside the nucleus and its implication on the observation of comets.
Disentangling the Cosmic Web toward FRB 190608
Authors: Simha Sunil , Burchett Joseph N. , Prochaska J. Xavier , Chittidi Jay S. , Elek Oskar , Tejos Nicolas , Jorgenson Regina , Bannister Keith W. , Bhandari Shivani , Day Cherie K. , Deller Adam T. , Forbes Angus G. , Macquart Jean-Pierre , Ryder Stuart D. , Shannon Ryan M.
Published: September 2020

Fast radio burst (FRB) 190608 was detected by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and localized to a spiral galaxy at

in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) footprint. The burst has a large dispersion measure (

) compared to the expected cosmic average at its redshift. It also has a large rotation measure (

) and scattering timescale (τ = 3.3 ms at 1.28 GHz). Chittidi et al. perform a detailed analysis of the ultraviolet and optical emission of the host galaxy and estimate the host DM contribution to be

. This work complements theirs and reports the analysis of the optical data of galaxies in the foreground of FRB 190608 in order to explore their contributions to the FRB signal. Together, the two studies delineate an observationally driven, end-to-end study of matter distribution along an FRB sightline, the first study of its kind. Combining our Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI) observations and public SDSS data, we estimate the expected cosmic dispersion measure

along the sightline to FRB 190608. We first estimate the contribution of hot, ionized gas in intervening virialized halos (

). Then, using the Monte Carlo Physarum Machine methodology, we produce a 3D map of ionized gas in cosmic web filaments and compute the DM contribution from matter outside halos (

). This implies that a greater fraction of ionized gas along this sightline is extant outside virialized halos. We also investigate whether the intervening halos can account for the large FRB rotation measure and pulse width and conclude that it is implausible. Both the pulse broadening and the large Faraday rotation likely arise from the progenitor environment or the host galaxy.
A Two-zone Photohadronic Scenario for EHBL-like Behavior of Mrk 501
Authors: Sahu Sarira , López Fortín Carlos E. , Castañeda Hernández Luis H. , Nagataki Shigehiro , Rajpoot Subhash
Published: September 2020

Major outbursts have been observed from the well known high-energy-peaked blazar Markarian 501 since its discovery in 1996. Two episodes of very-high-energy gamma-ray flaring events during 2005 May–July and 2012 June are of special significance, as the source exhibited extreme HBL-like behavior. The successful standard photohadronic model does not adequately explain these extraneous behaviors. We propose a two-zone photohadronic scenario to overcome this problem. In this picture, the low-energy regime (zone-1) of the spectrum follows the standard photohadronic interpretation, while the high-energy regime (zone-2) of the spectrum is new, with a spectral index δ
2 ≥ 3.1, which is solely due to the extreme nature of the flaring event. We also estimate the bulk Lorentz factor corresponding to these extreme flaring events. By analyzing many flaring events before and after these extreme events we argue that the extreme HBL-like events are transient and may repeat in the future.
The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. VIII. Radio Activity in Massive Galaxy Clusters
Authors: Mo Wenli , Gonzalez Anthony , Brodwin Mark , Decker Bandon , Eisenhardt Peter , Moravec Emily , Stanford S. A. , Stern Daniel , Wylezalek Dominika
Published: September 2020

We present a study of the central radio activity of galaxy clusters at high redshift. Using a large sample of galaxy clusters at 0.7 < z < 1.5 from the Massive and Distant Clusters of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Survey and the Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-Centimeters 1.4 GHz catalog, we measure the fraction of clusters containing a radio source within the central 500 kpc, which we term the cluster radio-active fraction, and the fraction of cluster galaxies within the central 500 kpc exhibiting radio emission. We find tentative (2.25σ) evidence that the cluster radio-active fraction increases with cluster richness, while the fraction of cluster galaxies that are radioluminous (

W Hz−1) does not correlate with richness at a statistically significant level. Compared to that calculated at 0 < z < 0.6, the cluster radio-active fraction at 0 < z < 1.5 increases by a factor of 10. This fraction is also dependent on the radio luminosity. Clusters at higher redshift are much more likely to host a radio source of luminosity

W Hz−1 than are lower-redshift clusters. We compare the fraction of radioluminous cluster galaxies to the fraction measured in a field environment. For 0.7 < z < 1.5, we find that both the cluster and field radioluminous galaxy fraction increases with stellar mass, regardless of environment, though at fixed stellar mass, cluster galaxies are roughly 2 times more likely to be radioluminous than field galaxies.
Combinations of Standard Pings and Standard Candles: An Effective and Hubble Constant-free Probe of Dark Energy Evolution
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Zhengxiang
Published: September 2020

On the basis of the theoretical predication that a small fraction of fast radio bursts (FRBs) might be associated with gravitational waves (GWs), Wei et al. proposed FRB/GW association systems, i.e., the joint measurement of dispersion measures (DM) of FRBs and luminosity distances D
L of GWs (the combination DM · D
L), as an effective complementary cosmic probe, which has the advantage of being independent of the Hubble constant H
0. However, it is still unclear what the progenitor of FRBs is and whether a GW signal should be associated with them. In this paper, we propose that, with the fundamental assumption that luminosity distance is a monotonously increasing function of redshift, this DM · D
L method could be further extended to the combination of DM measurements of localized FRBs and independent D
L measurements of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) at similar redshifts. In practice, this extended combination, i.e., DM · D
L as a function of redshift from independent DM and D
L measurements, may be more applicable. In addition, we investigated the constraining power of this extended combination on dark energy evolution. It was obtained that, in the frame of the Chevalier–Polarski–Linder parameterization, the power of constraints on the dark energy equation of state from only ∼500 DM · D
L combinations is even stronger than the one from the currently available 1048 Pantheon SNe Ia. More interestingly, we also found that, compared with the popular luminosity distance–redshift relation alone, the combination DM · D
L, as a function of redshift, is more effective in constraining the parameter characterizing the evolution of dark energy. This benefit, along with rapid progress in the upcoming FRB observations, can be of great importance for studying the nature of dark energy.
Model-independent Constraints on Cosmic Curvature: Implication from Updated Hubble Diagram of High-redshift Standard Candles
Authors: Liu Yuting , Cao Shuo , Liu Tonghua , Li Xiaolei , Geng Shuaibo , Lian Yujie , Guo Wuzheng
Published: September 2020

The cosmic curvature (Ω
k
) is a fundamental parameter for cosmology. In this paper, we propose an improved model-independent method to constrain the cosmic curvature, which is geometrically related to the Hubble parameter H(z) and luminosity distance D

L
(z). Using the currently largest H(z) sample from the well-known cosmic chronometers, as well as the luminosity distance D

L
(z) from the relation between the UV and X-ray luminosities of 1598 quasars and the newly compiled Pantheon sample including 1048 SNe Ia, 31 independent measurements of the cosmic curvature Ω
k
(z) can be expected covering the redshift range of 0.07 < z < 2. Our estimation of Ω
k
(z) is fully compatible with flat universe at the current level of observational precision. Meanwhile, we find that, for the Hubble diagram of 1598 quasars as a new type of standard candle, the spatial curvature is constrained to be Ω
k
 = 0.08 ± 0.31. For the latest Pantheon sample of SNe Ia observations, we obtain Ω
k
 = − 0.02 ± 0.14. Compared to other approaches aiming for model-independent estimations of spatial curvature, our analysis also achieves constraints with competitive precision. More interestingly, it is suggested that the reconstructed curvature Ω
k
is negative in the high-redshift region, which is also consistent with the results from the model-dependent constraints in the literature. Such findings are confirmed by our reconstructed evolution of Ω
k
(z), in the framework of a model-independent method of Gaussian processes (GP) without assuming a specific form.
Laser Doppler Assessment of Microcirculation of Apical Periodontitis before Nonsurgical and during Surgical Laser Treatment
Authors: Krastev Bogdan , Filipov Ivan
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Laser doppler flowmetry is a non-invasive method of measuring microcirculatory blood flow in tissue. Using laser doppler flowmetry Moor VMS-LDF1-HP and CP1T-HP probe combined with Moor VMS-PC software to evaluate the state of the periapical lesion (cyst) before nonsurgical endodontic treatment with bioceramics (Well Root SP™) and compare it to a healthy vital tooth of the same type with no periapical lesions. Later the bony crypt of the cyst was evaluated with Moor VMSLDF1-HP and VP7BS-HP probe during periapical surgery after the cyst was ablated with Er: YAG laser Lite Touch™ (Sineron, Israel) and retrogradely obturated with TheraCal LC®. Then the cyst received a bioceramic bone graft. To our knowledge, this is the first time laser doppler has been used during periapical surgery to evaluate tissue perfusion. Lesion type was confirmed with a histological examination after surgery.

Aim: Evaluate tissue perfusion of a periapical lesion before nonsurgical treatment and during surgical endodontic treatment with Er:YAG laser with the help of laser doppler flowmeter.

Results: Laser doppler flowmetry shows that the cystic tooth has a decreased blood flow, decreased concentration, direct current, speed, and lower temperature compared to a healthy tooth of the same type. During periapical surgery, the direct laser blood flow evaluation of the surgical crypt shows different values of the flux, speed, direct current, concentration, and temperature, which could be attributed to the mechanical trauma, adrenaline in the local anaesthetic or laser irradiation of tissues.

Conclusions: Laser doppler flowmetry is a valuable method to perform tissue evaluation before, during and after treatment. It allows us to follow up the healing and pathological dynamics of microcirculatory tissue changes as well as evaluate and compare different methods and materials for treatment of apical periodontitis.