bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Southern introgression increases adaptive immune gene variability in northern range margin populations of Fire-bellied toad
Authors: Cahsan Binia De , Kiemel Katrin , Westbury Michael , Lauritsen Maike , Autenrieth Marijke , Gollmann Günter , Schweiger Silke , Stenberg Marika , Nyström Per , Drews Hauke , Tiedemann Ralph
Published: February 2021

Northern range margin populations of the European fire-bellied toad
(Bombina bombina) have rapidly declined during recent decades. Extensive
agricultural land use has fragmented the landscape, leading to habitat
disruption and loss, as well as eutrophication of ponds. In Northern
Germany (Schleswig-Holstein) and Southern Sweden, this decline resulted
in decreased gene flow from surrounding populations, low genetic
diversity, and a putative reduction in adaptive potential, leaving
populations vulnerable to future environmental and climatic changes.
Previous studies using mitochondrial control region and nuclear
transcriptome-wide SNP data detected introgressive hybridization in
multiple northern B. bombina populations after presumed illegal release
of toads from Austria. Here, we determine the impact of this
introgression by comparing the body conditions (as a proxy for fitness)
of introgressed and non-introgressed populations, and the genetic
consequences in two candidate genes for putative local adaptation (the
MHC II gene as part of the adaptive immune system and the stress
response gene HSP70 kDa). We detected regional differences in body
condition. We observed significantly elevated levels of within
individual MHC allele counts in introgressed Swedish populations,
associated with a tendency towards higher body weight, relative to
regional non-introgressed populations. These differences were not
observed among introgressed and non-introgressed German populations.
Genetic diversity in both MHC and HSP was generally lower in northern
than southern populations. Our study sheds light on the potential
benefits of translocations of more distantly related conspecifics as a
means to increase adaptive genetic variability and fitness of struggling
range margin populations without distortion of local adaptation.
PROTECTIVE ROLE OF CORTISTATIN IN PULMONARY INFLAMMATION AND FIBROSIS
Authors: Barriga Margarita , Benitez Raquel , Ferraz-de-Paula Viviane , Caro Marta , Robledo Gema , O'Valle Francisco , Campos-Salinas Jenny , Delgado Mario
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose: Acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis remain major causes of
morbidity, mortality and healthcare burden in the critically ill
patient. There is an urgent medical need for identifying factors of
susceptibility and prognosis and for designing new therapeutic tools for
treating these disorders. Here, we evaluate the capacity of the
immunomodulatory neuropeptide cortistatin to regulate pulmonary
inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. Experimental Approach: ALI/ARDS and
pulmonary fibrosis were induced experimentally in wild-type and
cortistatin-deficient mice by pulmonary infusion of the bacterial
endotoxin LPS or the chemotherapeutic drug bleomycin, and the
histopathological signs, pulmonary leukocyte infiltration and cytokines
and fibrotic markers were evaluated. Key Results: Partially-deficient
mice in cortistatin showed exacerbated pulmonary damage, pulmonary
inflammation, alveolar oedema and fibrosis, and subsequent increased
respiratory failure and mortality when challenged to LPS or bleomycin,
even at low doses. Treatment with cortistatin reversed these aggravated
phenotypes and protected from progression to severe ARDS and fibrosis
after high-exposition to both injury agents. Moreover,
cortistatin-deficient pulmonary macrophages and fibroblasts showed
exaggerated ex vivo inflammatory and fibrotic responses. The
anti-fibrotic protective effect of cortistatin was also observed in
experimental scleroderma, in which lack of cortistatin predisposes to
develop more severe dermal lesions and associated pulmonary fibrosis.
Conclusion and Implications: We identify to cortistatin as an endogenous
break of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. Deficiency in cortistatin
could be a marker of poor-prognosis in inflammatory/fibrotic pulmonary
disorders. Cortistatin-based therapies emerge as attractive candidates
to treat severe ALI/ARDS, including SARS-Cov-2-associated ARDS.
Latvian information technology companies’ export promotion to the US
Authors:   Riga Technical University, Batenko Agnese , Jurgelane-Kaldava Inguna ,   Riga Technical University
Published: February 2021

Information technology is one of the fastest growing service export industries in the world. According to information collected by LIAA (Information and Communications ..., 2018), in 2017, 40 % of Latvian information technology companies exported to the Baltic States. In 2017, the United States (further – US) was the ninth largest export partner and the 18 th largest import partner of Latvia. The US is the world’s largest software and information technology services provider, accounting for ¾ of the total global IT market. Latvian information technology companies have an interest in an information technology service exports to the US; however, currently IT companies mostly choose not to conduct market research and export strategy development. Consequently, it is necessary to evaluate the export potential of Latvian information technology services and to determine the export promotion activities of Latvian information technology services to the US. So far, there are no analysis of the Latvian IT export promotion to US that would be based on company’s needs, experience and resources available. The results of the research concluded that the export tendencies of IT services are upward and the export balance of Latvian IT services with the US is positive.
The use of public financial support: study of micro-enterprises
Authors:   Saeima of the Republic of Latvia, Beizitere Ilona , Brence Ieva ,   RISEBA University of Applied Sciences
Published: February 2021

At times when businesses are expected to contribute to economic growth, the topic of access to finance remains relevant. The study investigates the availability of public financial support for micro-enterprises which similarly to the European average is the largest enterprise category in Latvia (about 94%). In an ad hoc survey of the companies registered in Latvia in nationally defined sectors, entrepreneurs disclosed their sources of funding over the three-year period of 2015-2017. Valid responses from 2511 companies, of which 1879 were micro-enterprises, revealed not only the diversity of their financial sources but also funding conditions impracticable to companies. According to the data processed by SPSS, micro-enterprises still prefer bank financing (11%) among many sources, whereas only 4% of the respondents used loans supported by public funding. Surprisingly, while almost half of the micro-enterprises required new or additional funding, a large number relied solely on internal finance. Rejections were frequent not only from banks, but also from the institution providing for public financial support.
Factors contributing to the regional development of e-commerce in Latvia
Authors:   RISEBA University of Applied Sciences, Jekabsone Inga , Gudele Ina ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: February 2021

E-commerce contributes to the improvement of communications between the company, producers, distributors and customers. However, it should be noted that success in e-commerce depends upon determining effective factors in e-commerce. There is a set of effective inside organisational and outside organizational factors in e-commerce which should be taken into consideration during the development of e-commerce. According to the recent results of DESI Index, Latvia lags behind the EU average on integration of digital technology by businesses. Despite excellent connectivity and good digital public services, Latvian SMEs do not use effectively online selling, social media, cloud computing and big data possibilities. At the same time, it is recognised nationally that e-commerce provides good opportunities to develop business, including in the regions. Taking into account the before-mentioned, the aim of the paper is to analyse the factors contribution to the development of e-commerce in the regions in Latvia. Main results of the research: in general, factor groups “Technological development” and “Social factors (human skills)” were assessed the highest among Latvian entrepreneurs. Such individual factors as desire to develop, employee knowledge, and managerial attitude, technological development in the world, and managerial knowledge and existence of financial resources in the company were evaluated the highest in terms of effect on usage of e-commerce in the business. In case of regional cross-cut, in Kurzeme, Riga and Latgale regions entrepreneurs are rather in favour of technological development factors affecting the usage of e-commerce, while entrepreneurs in Zemgale and Vidzeme regions think that social factors affect the development of e-commerce the most.
Organophosphorous pesticide removal from water by graphene-based materials - only adsorption or something else as well?
Authors: Anicijevic Vladan , Jelic Marko , Jovanovic Aleksandar , Potkonjak Nebojsa , Pasti Igor , Lazarevic-Pasti Tamara
Published: February 2021

The extensive use of pesticides requires innovative approaches to remove these compounds from the environment. Carbon materials are traditionally used as adsorbents for removing pesticides, and the development of the new sorts of carbon materials allows more advanced approaches in environmental applications. Using density functional calculations, we have predicted chemical reaction between the S(O)=P moieties of the organophosphates with point defects in graphene ? single vacancies, Stone?Wales defects and epoxy- -groups. The reaction was confirmed using ultra high performance chromatography for two graphene oxide samples and dimethoate as a representative of organophosphates. The exact reaction mechanism is still elusive, but it is unambiguously confirmed that no selective oxidation of dimethoate to more toxic oxo-analog occurs. The presented results can help to develop novel systems for the irreversible conversion of organophosphates to non-toxic compounds, without using aggressive chemical agents or external physical factors like UV radiation.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Glucose Tolerance, and β-Cell Function in Adults With Prediabetes or Untreated Type 2 Diabetes in the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) Study
Authors: Mokhlesi Babak , Tjaden Ashley H. , Temple Karla A. , Edelstein Sharon L. , Sam Susan , Nadeau Kristen J. , Hannon Tamara S. , Manchanda Shalini , Mather Kieren J. , Kahn Steven E. , Ehrmann David A. , Cauter Eve Van , Consortium The RISE
Published: February 2021

Objective: Obstructive sleep
apnea (OSA) is associated with insulin resistance and has been described as a risk
factor for type 2 diabetes. Whether OSA adversely impacts pancreatic islet beta-cell
function remains unclear. We aimed to
investigate the association of OSA and short sleep duration with beta-cell
function in overweight/obese adults with prediabetes or recently-diagnosed, treatment-naïve type 2 diabetes.

Research
Design and Methods: 221 adults (57.5% men, age 54.5±8.7 years, BMI 35.1±5.5 kg/m2) completed one week of wrist actigraphy and one night
of polysomnography before undergoing a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
and a two-step hyperglycemic clamp. Associations
of measures of OSA and actigraphy-derived sleep duration with HbA1c,
OGTT-derived and clamp-derived outcomes were evaluated with adjusted regression
models.

Results: Mean±SD objective sleep duration by
actigraphy was 6.6±1.0 hours/night. OSA defined as an apnea-hypopnea index
(AHI) ≥5 events per hour was present in 89% of the participants; 20% mild, 28%
moderate and 41% severe. Higher AHI was associated with higher HbA1c (p
=0.007). However, OSA severity, measured by either AHI as a continuous variable
or by categories of OSA severity, and sleep duration (continuous or <6 h vs.
≥6 h) were not associated with fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, insulin
sensitivity or beta-cell responses.

Conclusion: In this baseline cross-sectional
analysis of the RISE clinical trial of adults with prediabetes or recently-diagnosed,
untreated type 2 diabetes, the prevalence
of OSA was high. Although some measures of OSA severity were associated with
HbA1c, OSA severity and sleep duration were not associated with measures of
insulin sensitivity or beta-cell responses.
Cost-effectiveness of Community-Based Depression Interventions for Rural and Urban Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Projections From Program ACTIVE (Adults Coming Together to Increase Vital Exercise) II
Authors: Kuo Shihchen , Ye Wen , Groot Mary de , Saha Chandan , Shubrook Jay H. , Jr. W. Guyton Hornsby, , Pillay Yegan , Mather Kieren J. , Herman William H.
Published: February 2021

Objective: We estimated the cost-effectiveness of the Program ACTIVE II
community-based exercise (EXER), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and
EXER+CBT interventions in adults with type 2 diabetes and depression relative
to UC and each other.

Research Design and Methods: Data were integrated into the
Michigan Model for Diabetes to estimate cost and health outcomes over a 10-year
simulation time horizon from the healthcare sector and societal perspectives,
discounting costs and benefits at 3% annually.
Primary outcome was cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.

Results:
From the healthcare sector
perspective, the EXER intervention strategy saved $313 per patient and produced
0.38 more QALY (cost-saving), the CBT intervention strategy cost $596 more and
gained 0.29 more QALY ($2,058/QALY), and the EXER+CBT intervention strategy cost
$403 more and gained 0.69 more QALY ($585/QALY) compared to UC. Both EXER and
EXER+CBT interventions dominated the CBT intervention. Compared to EXER, the
EXER+CBT intervention strategy cost $716 more and gained 0.31 more QALY
($2,323/QALY). From the societal perspective, compared to UC, the EXER
intervention strategy saved $126 (cost-saving), the CBT intervention strategy cost
$2,838/QALY, and the EXER+CBT intervention strategy cost $1,167/QALY. Both EXER
and EXER+CBT interventions still dominated the CBT intervention. Compared to
EXER, the EXER+CBT intervention strategy cost $3,021/QALY. Results were robust
in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions: All
three Program ACTIVE II interventions represented a good value for money
compared to UC. The EXER+CBT intervention was highly cost-effective or
cost-saving compared to the CBT or EXER interventions.
Investigation of the effective parameters of scuffing failure in gears
Authors:   Yildiz Technical University, Bozca Mehmet
Published: February 2021

This study investigates the effective parameters of scuffing failure in gears using the integral temperature method. For this aim, the mass temperature, integral temperature and scuffing safety factor are calculated for a given parameters. Then, integral temperatures are simulated based on various geometrical, operational and lubrication parameters. Obtained results are presented graphically. The obtained results show that increasing the module mn results in a decrease in the integral temperature ϑint. Similarly, increasing the pinion teeth number zp results in a decrease in the integral temperature ϑint. Increasing the module and tooth number positively affects the scuffing failure in gears. In contrast, increasing the transmitted torque MT1T results in an increase in the integral temperature ϑint. Similarly, increasing the pinion speed np increases the mass temperature ϑM, and increasing the lubricant (oil) ϑÖ temperature increases the integral temperature ϑint. Increasing the transmitted torque, lubricant temperature and the pinion speed negatively affects the scuffing failure in gears. Finally, increasing the nominal kinematic viscosity v40 decreases the integral temperature ϑint. Increasing the nominal kinematic viscosity positively affects the scuffing failure in gears. By considering the effective parameters of scuffing failure such as geometrical, operational and lubrication, one can design and manufacture the desired gears without scuffing failure.
Modeling of partially regular microreliefs formed on the end faces of rotation bodies by a vibration method
Authors:   Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Dzyura Volodymyr
Published: February 2021

The scheme of formation of a set of variants of grooves of partially regular microreliefs formed on the end faces of rotation bodies by a vibration method has been developed, and the conditions of their existence have been determined. Using a block approach, mathematical models of partially regular microreliefs have been constructed, which described a set of their variants, taking into account such characteristics as the shape of axial lines of continuous regular microroughness, type, and location of axial symmetry lines of grooves, and groove shape. Using MathCAD software and developed mathematical models, graphic images of partially regular microreliefs were obtained.
Pengembangan LKPD Terintegrasi STEM-PBL (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics - Problem Based Learning) Pada Materi Hidrolisis Garam
Authors: Syafira Annisa , Effendi Effendi
Published: February 2021

Salah satu target dari Kurikulum 2013 adalah menciptakan peserta didik yang berguna, imajinatif, artistik dan amotif serta mempunyai andil dalam aktivitas masyarakat. Sejalan pada kurikulum 2013, kecakapan abad 21 juga menuntut peserta didik untuk memiliki kemampuan 4C yaitu critical thinking, creativity, communication and colaboration.  Hal tersebut dapat diwujudkan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran berbasis penyelesaian masalah (PBL) dengan pendekatan STEM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan LKPD terintegrasi STEM-PBL pada materi Hidrolisis Garam dan menentukan validitas dan kepraktisan LKPD yang dikembangkan. Jenis penelitian berupa Research and Development (R&D) dengan menerapkan model 4D, yang meliputi empat tahap yaitu: tahap define, tahap design, tahap develop dan tahap disseminate. Penelitian ini dibatasi hingga tahap develop, tahap disseminate tidak dilaksanakan karena keterbatasan waktu. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar validasi dan angket praktikalitas. Validitas dan juga kepraktisan data dianalisis menggunakan Formula Cappa Cohen. Berdasarkan hasil analisis angket validitas yang dilakukan oleh 5 orang validator didapatkan moment kappa (k) sejumlah 0,89 pada kategori kevalidan sangat tinggi. Hasil analisis uji praktikalitas terhadap 2 orang guru kimia diperoleh moment kappa (k) sejumlah 0,73 dengan kategori kepraktisan tinggi dan praktikalitas terhadap 9 orang peserta didik kelas XII sejumlah 0,92 pada kategori kepraktisan sangat tinggi. Hasil data mengungkapkan LKPD terintegrasi STEM-PBL valid dan praktis untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran Kimia, terutama materi Hidrolisis Garam.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran PowerPoint-iSpring Terintegrasi Multipel Representasi Kimia Pada Materi Asam Basa Kelas XI SMA/MA
Authors: Nugiasari Veny , Guspatni Guspatni
Published: February 2021

Media pembelajaran PowerPoint-iSpring pada materi asam basa kelas XI SMA/MA ini terintegrasi multipel representasi kimia yang mana pemahaman siswa ditunjukkan oleh kemampuannya untuk mentransfer dan menghubungkan tiga level representasi kimia yaitu, makroskopik, submikroskopik dan simbolik. Interkoneksi ketiga level representasi ini merupakan kunci pokok dalam memecahkan permasalahan kimia, salah satunya pada materi asam basa. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaranPowerPoint-iSpring terintegrasi multipel representasi kimia pada materi asam basa kelas XI SMA/MA. Jenis penelitian ini dikembangkan menggunakan Research and Development (R&D). Model 4D adalah model yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yang terdiri dari 4 tahap yakni tahap define (pendefinisian), design (perancangan), develop (pengembangan) dan disseminate (penyebaran). Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yakni berupa angket dari lembar validasi. Data hasil validasi diolah dengan 2 teknik yakni menggunakan teknik Cohen’s Kappa dan Aiken’s V. Nilai rata-rata moment kappa dengan menggunakan teknik Cohen’s Kappa adalah 0,90 dengan kategori kevalidan sangat tinggi dan nilai rata-rata V dengan menggunakan teknik Aiken’s V sebesar 0,89 dengan kategori valid. Hasil analisis data uji validitas tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa media pembelajaran PowerPoint-iSpring terintegrasi multipel representasi kimia pada materi asam basa kelas XI SMA/MA sudah valid.
Improving the environmental situation and safety of the megalopolis by modernizing the energy industry
Authors: Gasho E. G. , Martynov A. V. , Kutko N. E. , Cherkhanova O. A. , Rudomazin V. V.
Published: February 2021

Options are considered for modernization of the energy industry complex, which includes a large number of enterprises and combined heat and power plants (CHPP) with low-potential waste heat. For modernization, it is proposed to use heat pumps (HPI) in CHPP systems. A variant is presented of using the low-potential heat of the ice-free Yenisei River. The environmental and economic efficiency of the proposed options have been evaluated.

The city of Krasnoyarsk located on both banks of the Yenisei River, is considered as an example. In Krasnoyarsk, there are large hydroelectric power plants that generate excess power for electricity. CHPP-1, CHPP-2 and CHPP-3 also operate, as well as a large number of boiler houses, whose harmful emissions are described in detail in the article. In addition, data on the number of low-potential sources are provided, and options for using low-potential heat sources in heat pump installations are considered. The output of low-potential heat by month is presented, and the calculation results are based on comparison of options for using HPI at three CHPPs. The possibility of closing inefficient coal-fired boilers has been examined, which would reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere and reduce the cost of heat production in the megalopolis for district heating systems.

The operation of the Krasnoyarsk Aluminium Plant is considered, which has harmful emissions (fluorine, sulfur oxides, dust, resinous substances), as well as primary energy losses of 13.5 million Gcal, of which only 40% goes to aluminium production, and 60% is lost and released into the environment. To reduce these losses by 1.5 times, it is proposed to install air heat exchangers. The prospect of using high-capacity HPIs is provided by the presence of river water from the Yenisei, the temperature of which does not fall below 3°C even in winter. Powerful HPIs with centrifugal compressors manufactured in Kazan will provide heat to administrative and residential buildings under construction in Krasnoyarsk with a total heat load of 803 Gcal/h. The payback period of systems with HPI is 6÷8 years.
Study of power transformer loading in rural power supply systems
Authors: Naumov I. V. , Karamov D. N. , Tretyakov A. N. , Yakupova M. A. , Fedorinovа E. S.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to study the effect of loading power transformers (PT) in their continuous use on their energy efficiency on a real-life example of existing rural electric networks. It is noted that the vast majority of PT in rural areas have a very low load factor, which leads to an increase in specific losses of electric energy when this is transmitted to various consumers. It is planned to optimize the existing synchronized power supply systems in rural areas by creating new power supply projects in such a way as to integrate existing power sources and ensure the most efficient loading of power transformers for the subsequent transfer of these systems to isolated ones that receive power from distributed generation facilities. As an example, we use data from an electric grid company on loading power transformers in one of the districts of the Irkutsk region. Issues related to the determination of electric energy losses in rural PT at different numerical values of their load factors are considered. A computing device was developed using modern programming tools in the MATLAB system, which has been used to calculate and plot the dependence of power losses in transformers of various capacities on the actual and recommended load factors, as well as the dependence of specific losses during the transit of 1 kVA of power through a power transformer at the actual, recommended and optimal load factors. The analysis of specific losses of electric energy at the actual, recommended and optimal load factors of PT is made. Based on the analysis, the intervals of optimal load factors for different rated power of PT of rural distribution electric networks are proposed. It is noted that to increase the energy efficiency of PT, it is necessary to reduce idling losses by increasing the load of these transformers, which can be achieved by reducing the number of transformers while changing the configuration of 0.38 kV distribution networks.
Peningkatan Higher Order Thinking Skill dan Kemampuan Kognitif pada Mahasiswa melalui Pendekatan Science, Environment, Technology and Society Berbantuan Modul Pembelajaran
Authors: Puspitasari Yulia Dewi , Nugroho Purwo Adi
Published: February 2021

The background is the Higher order thinking skills of students that have not been developed to the maximum, the learning approaches used have not varied, and the lack of learning media. The cognitive abilities of students are also not yet developed. This study aims to: (1) Improve Higher Order Thinking Skills of Science Education students, (2) Increase Student Cognitive Ability. The research method used was Classroom Action Research with the Kurt Lewin model and the Collaborative Model with more than one cycle. Every cycle there are stages that must be passed systematically, namely the preparation phase, the implementation phase, observation, evaluation, and reflection. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The data analysis technique used is quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results of this study concluded that the HOTS of Science Education students in a fluid course increased with the module-assisted SETS approach with the results of the first cycle with an increase of 46% of the target, and the second cycle increased by 65% of the target. Fluid cognitive abilities can be improved through the application of the module-assisted SETS learning approach with a cognitive increase of 72%.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Berpendekatan Etnosains untuk Mengetahui Profil Literasi Sains Siswa SMP
Authors: Hadi* Wiwin Puspita , Munawaroh Fatimatul , Rosidi Irsad , Wardani Winda Kusuma
Published: February 2021

Science literacy is a means for students to practice scientific thinking to solve problems in everyday life. Discovery learning with Madura Ethnoscience approach can improve scientific literacy skills. The aim was to determine the students' scientific literacy profile by applying discovery learning with the Madura ethnoscience approach. The study design used the one-shot case study method. The research subjects were 27 students of SMP Negeri 1 Labang Bangkalan Madura. Data collection used scientific literacy questions in the form of essay questions. Research showed students' scientific literacy skills based on the results of the literacy test, results obtained an average value of 67.93% with an average functional level of 71%, conceptual and procedural 65%, and multidimensional 66%. The average level of student's literacy ability is at level 3 of 10 students; level 4 as many as two students; level 5 as many as ten students; and five students are at level 6. The ability to explain phenomena scientifically, evaluate and investigate scientific, and interpret data and scientific evidence was based differences in each level in the aspect of competence.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Dengan Modul Kontruktivisme Radikal Terhadap Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik
Authors: Ulhaq* Riza , Huda Ismul , Rahmatan Hafnati
Published: February 2021

The low students' learning achievement is one of the problems that is occurred in learning process that is caused by the inappropriate learning strategy that was applied in the classroom in delivering the lesson, therefore the expected goal cannot be achieved. Learning in the classroom should be able to guide the students to be more creative and independent through a series of scientific activity. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of Problem Based Learning (PBL) models and radical constructivism module on students' learning outcome in the Madrasah Tsanawiyah, Banda Aceh. The data were collected since November 2019 until April 2020. The method used in this study was an experimental method with randomized post-test only control- group design. This research was conducted in two classes: experimental class with PBL model learning with radical constructivism module and the control class with PBL model learning only. The number of samples for this research were 160 students. The samples were chosen through random sampling method by observing the students’ chances in each class and the Madrasah as the experiment and control classes. The objective tests were used as an instrument to measure students' learning outcome. The data were collected through post-test about the pollution of environment. The independent sample t-test was used to test the hypotheses to see the effect of Problem Based Learning (PBL) models and radical constructivism module on students’ learning outcome.  The results analysis based on the outcome learning score was the value of Sig 0,05, t valuet table, 4,741,97. Hence, the students who took part in learning PBL model and radical constructivism module showed significantly better in their learning outcomes compared to students who took part in learning PBL model only.
Combining Virtual and On-site Teaching for Innovation Training in Robot Engineering
Authors: Pan Xudong , Huo Hong , Jiang Yu , Cui Xinyu , Peng Bo , Gao Haibo , Han Xiuqin
Published: February 2021

Innovation training in engineering is an important facet of technical education in universities across China. Robotics training is a new course that has been developed using an informatization-based engineering training system at the Engineering Innovation Practice Center of the Harbin Institute of Technology. In this study, we propose a pedagogical method that combines virtual and on-site modes of teaching. Feedback obtained from students enrolled in the course showed a positive response to it. They claimed that they gained valuable knowledge from it that enabled them to carry out the relevant tasks in a better manner and more quickly. The feasibility of the proposed scheme was verified by a virtual simulation.
Advanced Joining Processes Unit
Authors: Carbas Ricardo , Marques Eduardo , Da Silva Lucas
Published: February 2021

The Advanced Joining Processes (AJP) is an autonomous research unit at the Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI) that works closely with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP). This unit is staffed by professors, post-doctoral researchers, PhD students, MSc students and research fellows. The AJP unit has four key competences, established to support all aspects related to the study of advanced joining processes: testing, simulation, production and machine design. The AJP unit has robust and fully independent competences in the manufacture of experimental specimens and components. The unit operates a fully equipped laboratory with all facilities necessary to manufacture specimens, moulds, test fixtures and testing equipment. The unit has extensive experience in testing complex specimens’ geometry under a wide range of conditions. Research is carried out to determine the performance of structural joints under quasi-static loads, high strain rates, fatigue and creep conditions, among many others. Complementarily, the unit also has a strong machine design capability, being experienced in the development and manufacture of custom designed testing equipment (such as creep testing machines, drop-weight testing machines, torsion testing machines, split Hopkinson pressure bars and devices for glass transition temperature measurement). These experimental capabilities are complemented with robust numerical simulation competencies, which allow to streamline the design process by creating powerful models that can accurately predict the mechanical behaviour of advanced structural joints. These capabilities enable the AJP unit to undertake new and challenging research projects, reacting quickly to current industrial demands and scientific trends, due to its autonomy. This work methodology allows the AJP unit to simultaneously operate in two main fronts. One is fundamental academic research, resulting in MSc and PhD thesis and scientific publication, and the other is comprised of knowledge-transfer activities with industrial partners, which generate funding that can be used to support additional fundamental research. By combining these two approaches, the AJP unit proves that sound technological based educational processes can be achieved while undertaking cutting edge research with practical and industrial value.
A CT emphysema pattern in a non-smoker classical guitar teacher
Authors: Roncella Claudia , Busatto2 Paolo , Alì Greta , Rossi Giulio , Liperi Annalisa De , Fiorini Sara , Tavanti Laura , Romei Chiara
Published: February 2021

Background:

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a complex syndrome due to an inflammatory response of the lungs to many aerosolized antigens. HP can be divided into acute, subacute, and chronic phenotypes, which frequently overlap.

Case presentation:

We describe the case of a non-smoker man admitted to the hospital for flu-like symptoms who presented emphysema as an evolution of HP. The diagnosis of HP was proposed by a multidisciplinary team based on the clinical/functional data and CT findings; two chest CTs were compared: a CT was performed during the hospitalization of the patient and a CT had been performed 5 years before. The diagnosis was confirmed through a lung biopsy. Examining the patient history, a domestic exposition to pigeons and poultry was revealed.

Conclusion:

HP can lead to emphysema instead of fibrosis. This atypical evolution of HP should be known by clinicians and radiologists in order to suspect it and promptly start the correct diagnostic workup.
Implementation of Flipgrid as a Self-Reflection Tool for Student Engagement– A Pilot Study
Authors: Kiles Tyler M. , Vishenchuk Julia , Hohmeier Kenneth
Published: February 2021

Background: Self-reflection is important for professional development, critical thinking, and engagement. However, self-reflection is not habitual or instinctive, and reflection assignments are often met with resistance from students. While written reflections are popular, other self-reflection mediums should be investigated.
Innovation: Flipgrid by Microsoft, an online video response tool, was used in an elective course for self-reflection and student engagement. To assess the impact of Flipgrid on the student experience in the course, two cohorts of students were evaluated. Overall 96% of respondents reported satisfaction with Flipgrid as an educational tool, however engagement was not significantly increased over the use of written reflection.
Implications: The results of this pilot study suggest that Flipgrid appears to have potential as a self-reflection tool, but may not be a “magic-bullet” to increase student engagement. Recommendations and considerations for implementing Flipgrid into a course to facilitate student engagement are provided.
Identifying Potential High-Risk Medication Errors Using Telepharmacy and a Web-Based Survey Tool
Authors: Huq Nishat , Padilla-Tolentino Eimeira , McGinnis Brandy
Published: February 2021

Background and Introduction: Obtaining patient medication histories during emergency department (ED) admissions is an important step towards identifying potential errors that could otherwise remain in the patient’s active medication list. This is a descriptive report of a standardized, electronic data collection tool created to document potential medication errors in patients receiving high-risk medications during ED admissions.
Materials and Methods: Trained pharmacy technicians completed a survey following medication history collection using a secure web platform called REDCap®. Data collected included patient-specific information, the number and type of high-risk medications, and potential medication errors identified in the collection process.
Results: During a pilot period of April 2019 to October 2020, 191 patient records were completed using the survey tool. Out of a total of 1088 medications recorded, 41% were considered high-risk medications. 42% of potential medication errors were classified as high-risk medication errors. Results from this survey tool demonstrated that 58% of high-risk medication orders could potentially result in a medication error that can be carried through patient admission and discharge.
Discussion: Accurate medication history and transitions of care can significantly impact patient quality of life. The cost of addressing a medication related-adverse event is also substantial. Based on published reports, annual gross savings to a hospital is estimated to be $4532 per harmful error in 2020, after adjusting for inflation. This equated to approximately $1,182,852 in estimated savings for Ascension Texas in 18 months. Nationwide, preventing potential medication errors in an outpatient setting can save on average $3.5 billion per year.
Conclusion: This web-based survey tool has improved the quality and efficiency of potential error identification during medication history collection by pharmacy technicians. This information can be easily retrieved and aid in discussions regarding medication reconciliation at the leadership level and impact patient treatment outcomes by developing virtual processes that may result in fewer medication related events.
Managing Climate Change: The Role of Multi-Stakeholder Partnerships in Building Climate Resilience in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Graham Christopher
Published: February 2021

Research increasingly suggests that climate change has intensified the frequency of droughts, floods, and other environmental disasters across sub-Saharan Africa. In response to the resulting array of climate-induced challenges, various stakeholders are working collectively to build climate resilience in rural and urban communities and trans-continentally. This paper examines key climate resilience-building projects that have been implemented across sub-Saharan Africa through multi-stakeholder partnerships. It uses a vulnerabilities assessment approach to examine the strategic value of these projects in managing the mitigation of climate shocks and long-term environmental changes. There are still many challenges to building climate resilience in the region, but through multi-stakeholder partnerships, sub-Saharan African nations are expanding their capacity to pool resources and build collective action aimed at financing and scaling up innovative climate solutions. This article contributes to ongoing interdisciplinary academic, management, and policy discourses on global climate adaptation focused on populations and landscapes most at risk.
Media Review: Camp Forgotten/Big Shoulders, By William Jamerson
Authors: Amberg Ann
Published: February 2021

The Civilian Conservation Corps, a Depression-era federal program founded in 1933 as part of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal, provides a unique example of a successful partnership-based government program. The CCC provided a win-win solution linking the needs of families experiencing poverty and unemployment with innovative approaches to land restoration. The young men who enrolled in the camps helped to restore natural resources, build roads and park structures, fight fires, and plant trees. They worked hard for their earnings, building confidence and self-respect, and matured from boys to men. This is a review of the documentary film Camp Forgotten: The Civilian Conservation Corps in Michigan, and the historical novel Big Shoulders, both by Bill Jamerson.
Analytic Decision Gaming: A Tool for Crisis Response and Clinical Reasoning
Authors: Decker Morgan , Graham Jacob , Stephens Mark
Published: February 2021

Issue:  Medical education traditionally focuses on basic science during the first two years of medical school. To “flip” this model, the Penn State College of Medicine has introduced and inquiry-based educational strategy that introduces students to the challenges of patient care immediately upon their arrival.  To engage students in a process to promote clinical reasoning, we have modified an Analytic Decision Game (ADG) called “EpiCentre” to address a notional public health crisis facing Centre County, Pennsylvania.

Methods: In phase 1 of the activity, students are provided with materials describing the ethnography and infrastructure of Centre County.  Students are divided into three communities (teams) to create a strength, weakness, threat, opportunity (SWOT) analysis of local healthcare capabilities.  In phase 2 of the activity, students meet with a standardized patient presenting with a targeted medical complaint. They are pushed to think about their approach to taking a medical history and asked to generate a differential diagnosis.  In phases 3 and 4, students are faced with the challenge of triaging a number of patients with similar medical complaints and create a plan to deal with a likely outbreak scenario.

Findings:  Students have found the EpiCentre activity to be worthwhile in multiple contexts.  They have been able to develop an initial approach to medical history taking and creating a differential diagnosis.  They have formulated an approach to the recognition and control of a potential public health crisis. An additional benefit of the exercise has been the overarching theme of teamwork. Students begin the activity (occurring in the first few weeks after arrival to medical school) as relative strangers and quickly develop a sense of camaraderie and mission focus.

Conclusions: The EpiCentre ADG has been a successful activity to introduce medical students to Centre County in the context of healthcare infrastructure, an approach to medical history taking, disaster planning, clinical reasoning and team-building.

Implications:  EpiCentre derives from an interprofessional collaboration between the College of Medicine and the College of Information Sciences and Technology.  It represents one of potentially limitless opportunities to engage students and faculty from multiple disciplines to address challenges of public health within the academic setting.
Surveillance in the liquid modern times
Authors: Baraniewicz-Kotasińska Sabina , Czapnik Sławomir
Published: February 2021

Surveillance, nowadays especially provided by information and communication technology, is at the core of social control that has been largely commoditised and privatized.Consumer culture gives hope for freedom lives, challenging the social hierarchies that dominated the earlier – in Bauman’s vocabulary, “solid” – phase of modernity. The aim of this paper is to present two of many tools, which are used by biggest IT companies to keep under surveillance the individuals, societies and nations in the Liquid Modern Times. There has been the socio-cultural context of Internet’s development analyzed to fnd the premises that led to a transformation of cyberspace from a freedom to a surveillance place, and conducted a case study of Facebook’s facial recognition technology and Google Street View practices. Non-reactive research methods have been used in the paper.
Niewolnicy Elseviera. Konsensus Waszyngtoński w naukach społecznych?
Authors: Klementewicz Tadeusz
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie zagadnienia nauk społecznych i humanistyki w kontekście neoliberalnego kapitalizmu. Na początku zwraca się uwagę na rolę innowacji w akumulacji kapitału. Następnie przechodzi się do tzw. trójkąta bermudzkiego eksploatacji pracy akademickiej: biurokracji rządowej–uniwersytetu–biznesu. Kolejna część skupia się na funkcjach i specyfice nauk przyrodniczych i technicznych a humanistyki. Czwarty rozdział jest poświęcony wyjaśnianiu i rozumieniu w nauce o polityce. Tekst kończy się rozważaniami o sposobach oceniania humanisty.
Jak być kobietą? Kreowanie stereotypów i modele kobiecych zachowań prezentowane w reality shows
Authors: Drewniak Ineza
Published: February 2021

Autorka w niniejszym artykule stara się przedstawić bliżej ogólną problematykę kształtowaniasię stereotypów dotyczących kobiet w programach reality show. Pragnie równieżskupić się na tworzeniu się modeli kobiecych zachowań, które są jak klasycznaetykietka przypinane wszystkim kobietom. Tekst skupia się na programach, którez reguły stawiają kobiety w negatywnym świetle, opisuje zjawisko uprzedmiotowieniaoraz traktowania kobiet jako towar na sprzedaż. W celu ukazania kontrastu, zderza zesobą dwa skrajne modele kobiet. Kobieta tradycyjna, żyjąca w duchu konserwatywnychwartości przeciwstawiona jest kobiecie nowoczesnej, wyzwolonej. Dodatkowo zwracasię uwagę na obnażanie kobiecych wad programach, które są oglądane przez milionyosób w Polsce.
Ból po amerykańsku. Dramat opioidowy w pięciu aktach
Authors: KAMIEŃSKI ŁUKASZ
Published: February 2021

Najpoważniejsza epidemia narkotykowa w amerykańskiej historii nie została wywołana przez nieumiarkowane rekreacyjne stosowanie narkotyków ani przez podstępną działalność karteli narkotykowych. Trzema powodami, które przyczyniły się do wybuchu współczesnego kryzysu opiodowego, były: zmiana paradygmatu w leczeniu bólu i związana z nią nierozważna praktyka lekarzy, działalność wielkich koncernów farmaceutycznych (Wielkiej Farmy) oraz brak wystarczająco restrykcyjnej kontroli ze strony władz państwowych. Konceptualizując epidemię w kategoriach tragedii, artykuł naśladuje strukturę dramatu. Poszczególne części - pomyślane w formie „aktów” - syntetycznie przedstawiają genezę i rozwój epidemii, omawiają jej charakter i zasięg oraz analizują środki zaradcze podjęte ostatecznie w celu okiełznania problemu. Oprócz oczywistego zaostrzenia regulacji prawnych, omówiono nowe metody leczenia uzależnienia od opioidowych środków narkotycznych, takie jak szczepionki antyopioidowe i przezczaszkową stymulację mózgu.
Conhecimento e condutas dos enfermeiros na paliação oncológica
Authors: De Melo Yasmim Simão Tenório , Lopes Matheus Felipe Gonçalves  de Lima , Araújo Luanne Gomes , Ferraz Ana Clícia Delmondes , Vasconcelos Juliana Lúcia de Albuquerque , Sobral Maria Mickaelly Salgado , De Lima Aléxia Silmara Pereira , Da Silva Allan Alisson , De Oliveira Áurea Nunes
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento dos profissionais enfermeiros acerca de cuidados paliativos em oncologia. Métodos: Descritivo, transversal com abordagem quantitativa realizado com 17 enfermeiros assistenciais que atendem pacientes oncológicos. Realizou-se a coleta de dados por questionário estruturado elaborado pelos pesquisadores e a análise dos dados se deu por estatística descritiva. Resultados: A maior parte dos entrevistados afirmaram que a eutanásia não é vista como uma medida paliativa. Apontaram que em sua formação as disciplinas aplicadas na grade curricular em sua maioria abordam o cuidado paliativo, porém de forma superficial. Identificou a ausência da sistematização da assistência a enfermagem (SAE) e de protocolos de rotina nos serviços estudados, bem como a falta de comunicação efetiva entre a equipe de enfermagem. Conclusão: Apesar do cuidado paliativo (CP) não ser mais algo tão incomum na vivência hospitalar, ainda há escassez de debates eficazes para que as equipes de enfermagem estejam empoderadas e consigam pensar no CP como algo positivo e consiga enxergá-lo como método imprescindível na sua rotina de cuidados.