bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surfactant modified carbon nanotube paste electrode for the sensitive determination of mitoxantrone anticancer drug
Authors: Manjunatha Jamballi G.
Published: March 2017

Surfactant modified carbon nanotube paste electrode is prepared as electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity in responding to Mitoxantrone (MTX). Electrochemical oxidation of MTX is investigated in buffered solution by cyclic voltammetry that is found very sensitive method for detection of MTX. It is shown that the sodium dodecyl sulfate modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (SDSMCNTPE) gives enhanced current response for MTX compared to the bare carbon nanotube paste electrode (BCNTPE). Different parameters were tested to optimize the conditions for MTX determination. The effects of different surfactant and surfactant concentration, pH, scan rate, detection limit (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and concentration of MTX on the oxidation peak current values were determined. Excellent results were obtained by cyclic voltammetry using SDSMCNTPE, where two MTX oxidation peaks appeared at 367 and 596 mV vs. SCE. Detailed analysis of the second voltammetric peak showed the linear dynamic range between 2×10−7 and 7×10−6 M MTX with the slope of co-relation coefficient of 0.99271. LOD and LOQ were determined as 3.5 ×10−8 M and 11×10−8 M, respectively. The SDSMCNTPE showed very good reproducibility, high stability in its voltammetric response, high electrochemical sensitivity and low detection limit for MTX.
Mixed tumor of the parotid gland spreading into the cranial cavity
Authors: Majszyk Daniel , Osuch-Wójcikiewicz Ewa , Czesak Małgorzata , Niemczyk Kazimierz
Published: March 2017

Pleomorphic adenoma is benign tumor of the salivary glands. It is the most common neoplasm occurring in salivary glands. Although it is a benign tumor, it should be treated as a clinically uncertain. In about half of the cases a blurred boundary between the tumor tissue and the parotid parenchyma can be observed. This tumor metastasize distant, even without malignant transformation. Malignant transformation of adenoma observed in 3-5% of cases. The aim of this study was to present the case of 75-year-old patient with recurrent mixed tumor spreading by continuity to the cranial cavity.
Congenital Cholesteatoma of Petrous Apex – case report and review of literature
Authors: Makuszewska Maria
Published: March 2017

Objective: Congenital cholesteatomas of the petrous apex are rare lesions that develop insidiously, which delays diagnosis and requires a high index of suspicion. A case report of supralabyrinthine congenital petrous bone cholesteatoma and review of recent literature are presented. Methods: A 27-year-old woman presented with progressive facial palsy. Otomicroscopy did not reveal any abnormalities, and hearing was normal. Although there were no complaints of vertigo or instability, vestibular examinations indicated a non-compensated peripheral vestibular lesion. Radiological examinations revealed a lesion in the petrous apex and epitympanum that had features of a cholesteatoma. Results: To preserve normal hearing, the middle fossa approach was chosen for surgery. A damaged part of the facial nerve was reconstructed with cable graft. Conclusion: Advances in radiological imaging facilitate surgical planning, and improvements in the techniques of lateral skull base surgery enable safe and radical removal of petrous bone cholesteatomas with minimal morbidity.
CRIANÇA E MENOR NA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA: SERVIÇOS, CUIDADOS E EXCLUSÃO
Authors: Gornes Fabíola Zioni , Adorno Rubens De C. Ferreira
Published: March 2017

Discutem-se as condições para emergência e desenvolvimento de programas de saúde infantil. Discorre-se sobre o conceito de criança, saúde e serviços de saúde prevalente em determinados períodos históricos, assim como suas relações com interesses políticoeconômicos dominantes nessas conjunturas, considerando-se os aspectos sociais do conhecimento. Reflete-se sobre a questão criançax menor na sociedade brasileira.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DOS ORGANIZADORES DA PSIQUÊ DE SPITZ COMO INSTRUMENTO DE ACOMPANHAMENTO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CRIANÇAS
Authors: Santos Neusa Guaraciaba dos , Rabinovich Elaine Pedreira , Oliveira Denize Cristina de , Siqueira Amado Augusto Franco de
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho é resultado de um estudo longitudinal que acompanhou 60 crianças por um período de 12 meses. Esse estudo buscou testar alguns indicadores do desenvolvimento infantil, dentre eles os organizadores da psique de Spitz.O que se pode observar com o presente estudo foi a dificuldade de delimitação conceitual dos orga^Iiizadores, acarretando dificuldades de observação em situaçãonatural; bem como a plasticidade etária no aparec~nento das reações indicativas de cada orgariizador. Concluem os autores que a reação do sornso, o medo de estranhos e o meneio negativo da cabeça sôo indicadores ricos do ponto de vista teórico, porém pouco sensíveis como instrumento de acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil.
ALGUMAS OBSERVAÇÕES PARA O ESTUDO DA UTILIZAÇÃO DA MÚSICA AMBIENTAL EM SALA DE AMAMENTAÇÃO DE CRECHE
Authors: Santos Neusa Guaraciaba dos , Cromberg Maria Cláudia Marzolla , Godeli Maria Regina de Souza
Published: March 2017

O presente estudo explora a possibilidade da utilização de músic em sala de aleitamento de creche e propõe uma lista de categorias de com portamento materno nesta situação, visando futuras investigações siste míticas. As observações foram registradas em vídeo com ausência e pre sença de música. Uma primeira observação que pode ser feita, embor ainda a título de hipótese, é que houve uma diminuição das interações entr as mães e um aumento de interação com os próprios filhos, sugerindo, pel, qualidade destas, um efeito facilitador da música na expressão de afeto entre mãe-bebê.
ESTATUTO DA CRIANÇA EXIGE O CUMPRIMENTO DAS LEIS SOCIAIS
Authors: Ramos Luiz Felipe Cunha
Published: March 2017

A nova legislação brasileira relativa à criança e ao adolescente propõe o exercício da cidadania e a descentralização politico-administrativa das diretrizes sociais básicas. Ao exigir o cumprimento das leis sociais, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente introduz um novo jogo, do qual devem participar os representantes do governo, profissionais envolvidosna questão do menor e membros da comunidade.A pariicipação da sociedade civil é facilitada pelos Conselhos de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente, propostos pelo Estatuto, que preve ainda fundos para dar suporte ao movimentode defesa do menor no Brasil. Já existem centenas de conselhos municipais, mas ainda falta a muitos de seus meandros uma plena conscientização das responsabilidades que tem em mãos.
MODALIDADES DE ATENDIMENTO EDUCACIONAL NA FRANÇA
Authors: Mansour Sylvie
Published: March 2017

Utilizando-se das pesquisas feitas por renomados pesquisadores internacionais da área educacional infantil, a pesquisadora francesa apresenta um quadro abrangente doatendimento educacional que, para ser eficaz, não deve isolar a criança do seu meio familiar e da comunidade.Os diferentes tipos de creches, o perfil profissional e psicológico dos atendentes e o reflexo de sua intervenção no processo educacional das crianças são outros lemas analisados emprofundidade. Além das creches coletivas, tem papel importante na França as creches familiares (ou selvagem) e a parental, administrada conjuntamente pelos próprios pais, com a ajuda de um ou dois adultos contratador.
REPRESENTAÇÃO SOCIAL: PRAXIS E CONHECIMENTO SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CRIANÇA
Authors: Oliveira Denize Cristina de , AIvarenga Augusta Thereza de
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho trata das representações sociais de mães e de profissionais de saúde sobre o processo de desenvolvimento infantil. O estudo das representações foi realizado por meio de análise de discursos, coletados em 54 entrevistas realizadas com mulheres usuárias de duas unidades básicas de saúde, localizadas na Grande São Paulo, e de 25 entrevistas efetuada.s com profissionais de formação variada atuando em programas de saúde dirigidos à criança. As formas de estruturação do grupo familiar, os valores incorporados pela família e transmitidos aos filhos através do processo de socialização das crianças, a própria socialização como elemento importante no processo de crescimento e de desenvolvimento, foram alguns dos temas discutidos a partir da análise das entrevistas de mães. No que se refere às práticas profissionais, destacam-se as relações de poder estabelecidas entre mulheres usuárias dos serviços e o grupo profissional a eles vinculados. Busca-se contribuir para o processo de entendimento da dinâmica das relações estabelecidas entre os níveis de saber envolvidos nas práticas institucionais da Saúde Pública - o saber do senso comum, por um lado, o saber técnico profissional, por outro, além do conhecimento científico especializado do Setor.
MODO DE VIDA DE CRIANÇAS “SEM CASA” “SEDENTARIAS”: SUAS CASAS, SUAS FAMÍLIAS, SUAS VIDAS
Authors: Rabinovich Elaine Pedreira
Published: March 2017

Este estudo objetiva descrever algumas condições do modo de vida infantil de um agrupamento “sedentário” de 20 famílias cujas “casas” estavam localizadas sob um viaduto da cidade de São Paulo, visando compreender os mecanismos mediadores entre este modo de vida e aspectos do desenvolvimento infantil. Este modo de vida é intermediário entre crianças “de rua”, desde que elas têm “casas” e famílias, e “favelados”, dado o caráter temporário destas moradias. Vários recursos metodológicos foram utilizados para realizar esta tarefa, incluindo a observação direta dos arranjos espaciais das casas, observações das atividades infantis dentro e fora da casa e anamnese infantil. Algumas características do contexto desenvolvimental destas crianças foram: contexto favorecendo não apenas o apego mãe-criança como outras relações múltiplas e simultaneas; forte influência do grupo de coetaneos; autonomia percebida como “ameaçadora” pelas mães embora as crianças estivessem “na rua”; espaço pessoal coletivo ou “um sentido do self” que incorpora outraspessoas «IRONICK, 1992): tempo ^policrônico (HALL, 1983); falta ou dificuldade de manter os cuidados sanitários favorecendo morbidade; diferenciação precoce entre crianças“bem” e ~ mal’ desenvolvidas dada a falta de suporte social aos pais; escolaridade ausente ou atrasada; falta de estabilização social refletida na criança como instabilidadecomportamental, sentimentos de desenraizamento e dificuldade de projetar o futuro.
NASCEU UMA CRIANÇA NA “SARJETA”: E AGORA?
Authors: Alvarez Aparecida Magali de Souza
Published: March 2017

Este texto focaliza o caso de uma jovem mulher que, contrariando as expectativas comuns para o tipo de populac,ão da qual fez parte, ou seja, “moradores de rua/selvagens” (Rabinovich, 1992), fez uma transição gradativa para outro tipo de vida com o nascimento de seu filho.Com este estudo de caso, a autora procura trazer à luz a riqueza do perfil e expectativas de alguns participantes desse grupo de seres humanos, moradores das sarjetas da cidade de São Paulo, resgatando-os do anonimato de simples componentes de dadosestatísticas.
O PERFIL DO PAI CUIDADOR
Authors: Rezende Ana Lúcia M. de , Alonso Ilca L.K
Published: March 2017

Neste estudo, procuramos esboçar o perfil de alguns homens-pais que desejavam participar dos cuidados de seus filhos lactentes. Buscamos detectar as suas expectativas, dificuldades, gratificações, percepções e sentimentos com relação aos atos de paternar o filho. Este estudo foi desenvolvido através da análise de dados obtidas na observação e nos depoimentos apresentados em 18 entrevistas realizadas com homens-pais, usuários de uma unidade básica de saúde, em Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Os resultados demonstraram que atualmente, os homens parecem estar desejando se envolver mais proximamente nos cuidados das crianças; no entanto, em muitas situações, esta nova face da paternidade não é compreendida e nem estimulada por parte das mulheres e da equipe de profissionais da saúde. Os autores almejam que este estudo possa contribuir para aprimorar a qualidade da assistência às crianças em processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento, com destaque à importância da inclusão dos homens-pais nos programas de assistência à saúde infantil; para tanto, faz-se necessária uma atitude reflexiva por parte dos profissionais de saúde, no cotidiano da sua prática profissional.
Editorial
Authors: Lefèvre Ferrando
Published: March 2017

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AÇÕES EDUCATIVAS EM SAUDE DA CRIANÇA: O BRINCAR ENQUANTO RECURSO PARA PARTICIPAÇÃO DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Penteado Regina Zanella , Seabra Mônica Nicolau , Bicudo-Pereira Isabel Maria T.
Published: March 2017

Brincar é uma ação aprendida na relação interpessoal, sendo a principal maneira da criança agir sobre o mundo. Exerce função significativa no processo dinamico de seu desenvolvimento,nos aspectos social, cultural, afetivo, motor, cognitivo, emocional, lingüistico, comunicativo, dentre outros. Neste processo, a familia é o principal interlocutor da criança, servindo de mediador nas relações desta com o mundo.A atividade de brincar tem diferentes sentidos em cada cultura, hábitos e rotina de vida em sociedade. Os profissionais da saúde devem buscar compreender como ocorre o brincar na sociedade atual, os papéis e valores criados a partir doconsumo, dos brinquedos industrializamos e das novas formas de interação criança/familia.Cabe ao profissional da saúde auxiliar a familia em seu compromisso educativo com a criança, através de ações educativas em saúde.O brincar é um recurso educativo para a saúde, que pode ser utilizado no envolvimento e ação participativa da familia em práticas de proteção especifica e promoção da saúde da criança.
SOCIALIZAÇAO E DEPRESSÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Cavalcante Roseli Schultz Chiovitti
Published: March 2017

A depressão infantil e a depressão em adultos tendem a se manifestar de maneiras semelhantes. Além dos problemas emocionais e fisicos que a depressão causa, esta pode também interferir na competência social das crianças deprimidas. Por sua vez, estes problemas sociais podem exacerbar os sintomas depressivos além de causar problemas adicionais.Assim sendo, é importante que profissionais da saúde e educação estejam preparados para intervir junto às crianças deprimidas com as quais entrem em contato. Este artigo não somente discute as repercussões que a depressão pode ter na vida e desenvolvimento social normal da criança, como também sugere intervenções práticas que educadores e terapeutas podem implementar para amenizar os efeitos desta psicopatologia e prevenir uma socialização inadequada.
ASPECTOS DE SAUDE NA ROTINA DA CRECHE E O PAPEL DO CUIDADOR DA CRIANÇA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Moraes Maria Cecília Leile de
Published: March 2017

Este artigo é uma leitura sobre as ações rotineiras da creche e suas relações com o aspecto de saúde. Esta última é analisada como um substrato amplo que perrneia todo o cotidiano desta instituição. Observa-se, ainda, neste contexto as relações da creche e da família. Aborda a importância do intercâmbio entre estes dois componentes, levando-se em conta que o ator principal é a criança. Discute-se, ainda, a relevância do papel do “cuidador” e a necessidade de implementos na sua formação inicial, assim como constantes reciclagens.
ESPELHOS E IMAGENS: UM LEVANTAMENTO DO REPERTÓRIO SOBRE SEXUALIDADE EXISTENTE NA FEBEM/SP
Authors: Adorno Rubens De Camargo Festeira , Castro Ana Lúcia de , Vianna Rosane De Lourdes Silva , Farias Mara De Mello , Silva Selma Lima da
Published: March 2017

O tema da sexualidade experimenta grande visibilidade nas sociedades contemporâneas. O advento da AIDS, a liberação sexual promovida pelo movimento de contracultura do final dos anos sessenta e as reivindicações do direito ao prazer e ao corpo colocadas em cena, principalmente, pelo movimento feminista, certamente produziram mudanças, no plano do discurso, introduzindo uma nova coloração à discussão. Contudo, essa mudança perceptível no discurso sobre sexualidade estaria se confirmando no que diz respeito às práticas? Estariam as pessoas, de Pato, lidando melhor com as questões relativas à sexualidade e conhecendo melhor, de fato, o próprio corpo e os caminhos do prazer? Este texto apresenta alguns resultados de pesquisa realizada com jovens que se encontram em regirr.e de privação de liberdade na FEBE2víJSP, sobre o tema AIDS e sexualidade.
ESTUDO DAS OPINIÕES DO PAI SOBRE O ALEITAMENTO MATERNO E SUA PARTICIPAÇÃO NESTE PROCESSO
Authors: Serafim Deise
Published: March 2017

O presente trabalho trata das opiniões do pai sobre o aleitamento materno e sua participação neste processo na fase em que a esposa estava amamentando. Teve como propósito a obtenção de subsídios para a elaboração de programas educativos de incentivo ao aleitamento materno dirigidos ao pai da criança. Foram entrevistados 100 pais de crianças com idade entre um e doze meses que estavam sendo ou haviam sido amamentadas no peito, presentes no Ambulatório de Pediatria da Escola Paulista de Medicina, no município de São Paulo, no periodo de Janeiro a março de 1992. O estudo mostrou que os pais reconhecem a importância da amamentação natural, porém precisam ser melhor orientados sobre o tema e  incentivador a participar mais ativamente do processo.
AUTO-ORGANIZAÇAO EM NEONATOS PRE-TERl\IO: COMPORTAMENTOS INTERATIVOS E NÃO INTERATIVOS
Authors: Meyerhof Pessia Grywac
Published: March 2017

Neste artigo descreve-se, através de fotografias, os comportamentos expressivos e comunicativos que cada neonato pré-termo pode apresentar além de sugerir modos de atuaçãodo adulto como um facilitador da auto organização do bebê.
CRÔNICAS, DESENHOS, POESIAS E ESCRITOS DE ALUNOS NEGROS, DE DUAS ESCOLAS PUBLICAS PAULISTANAS
Authors: Memeyer Ana Maria
Published: March 2017

Este artigo relata e discute a etapa atual de um estudo de cunho antropológico - financiado pela FAPESP- que visa produzir conhecimento científico e propiciar ações pedagógicas em duas escolas públicas da periferia paulistana. Os temas abordados são as relações raciais e a dinâmica de género: o objetivo principal é torná-los prioritários no processo de aprendizado das escolas, visando melhorar a auto-estima dos alunos e alunas e a sua consciência e atuação cidadã.
Editorial
Authors: Rabinovich Elaine Pedreira
Published: March 2017

This issue of RCDH is honoured to have the collaboration of Prof. Jean-Pierre Goubert, from the École des Hautes Études em Sciences Sociales. In a succinct way, Prof. Goubert offers an extensive and deep reflection which, from his specific disciplinary field, History, embraces all the human disciplines.
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Authors: Ziliotto Maria Cecíla
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar o processo de construção da política de atendimento aos direitos da criança e do adolescente, preconizada pelo Estatuto da Cnança e do Adolescente. O artigo desenvolve, em primeiro lugar, os fundamentos constitucionais que dão base ao reconhecimento jurídico-institucional incorporados pelo Estatuto e que alicerça a nova ordem social. Tais fundamentos apontaun não só as questões relativas à compreensão da criança e do adolescente como sujeitos de direito e como prioridade absoluta em todas as políticas sociais, mas também à participação comunitária, à municipalização e a descentralização como diretrizes norteadoras das mesmas políticas. Em segundo lugar, o artigo destaca a questão da construção da política de garantia e atendimento dos direitos, enfatizando aspectos relativos à base doutrinária, às instâncias organizacionais, as linhas de ação e estratégias operacionais. Focaliza também os níveis de competência das esferas federal estadual e municipal, colocando em questão o papel do poder público estadual,pouco deduzido pela legislação.
”Så griner vi heldigvis lidt af det”. Ægtepars erfaringer med demens i et hverdagslivs sociologisk perspektiv
Authors: Dræbel Tania , Lund Kirsten Teglgaard , Liveng Anne
Published: March 2017

“Fortunately, we laugh a bit about it”. Couples experiences with dementia in an everyday life sociological perspectiveThe article examines changes in the relation between spouses in married couples, where one partner has a dementia diagnosis. Seven qualitative interviews with couples are analyzed with Alfred Schutz sociology of everyday life as a theoretical framework. The analysis asks the question how spouses reinvent routines in an everyday life characterized by a growing unpredictability, and thereby creates new meaningfulness and roles. The analysis illustrates how partners orient themselves in a changed social world, and thereby manage to live an everyday life with dementia. Three modes of relation to each other and to the illness are found, which could partly be understood in connection to the seriousness of the illness: first the couple manage challenges in a marital alliance, later an agreement with new roles and tasks for the partners is established, and towards the final stages of dementia marriage is described as an asymmetrical care relationship.
Metagenomic analysis exploring taxonomic and functional diversity of soil microbial communities in Chilean vineyards and surrounding native forests
Authors: Castañeda Luis E. , Barbosa Olga
Published: March 2017

Mediterranean biomes are biodiversity hotspots, and vineyards are important components of the Mediterranean landscape. Over the last few decades, the amount of land occupied by vineyards has augmented rapidly, thereby increasing threats to Mediterranean ecosystems. Land use change and agricultural management have important effects on soil biodiversity, because they change the physical and chemical properties of soil. These changes may also have consequences on wine production considering that soil is a key component ofterroir. Here, we describe the taxonomic diversity and metabolic functions of bacterial and fungal communities present in forest and vineyard soils in Chile. To accomplish this goal, we collected soil samples from organic vineyards in central Chile and employed a shotgun metagenomic approach to sequence the microbial DNA. Additionally, we studied the surrounding native forest to obtain a baseline of the soil conditions in the area prior to the establishment of the vineyard. Our metagenomic analyses revealed that both habitats shared most of the soil microbial species. The most abundant genera in the two habitats were the bacteriaCandidatus SolibacterandBradyrhizobiumand the fungusGibberella. Our results suggest that the soil microbial communities are similar in these forests and vineyards. Therefore, we hypothesize that native forests surrounding the vineyards may be acting as a microbial reservoir buffering the effects of the land conversion. Regarding the metabolic diversity, we found that genes pertaining to the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides as well as genes involved in secondary metabolism were enriched in forest soils. On the other hand, genes related to miscellaneous functions were more abundant in vineyard soils. These results suggest that the metabolic function of microbes found in these habitats differs, though differences are not related to taxonomy. Finally, we propose that the implementation of environmentally friendly practices by the wine industry may help to maintain the microbial diversity and ecosystem functions associated with natural habitats.
17β-estradiol upregulates oxytocin and the oxytocin receptor in C2C12 myotubes
Authors: Berio Enrica , Divari Sara , Starvaggi Cucuzza Laura , Biolatti Bartolomeo , Cannizzo Francesca Tiziana
Published: March 2017

Background

The endocrinology of skeletal muscle is highly complex and many issues about hormone action in skeletal muscle are still unresolved. Aim of the work is to improve our knowledge on the relationship between skeletal muscle and 17β-estradiol.

Methods

The skeletal muscle cell line C2C12 was treated with 17β-estradiol, the oxytocin peptide and a combination of the two hormones. The mRNA levels of myogenic regulatory factors, myosin heavy chain, oxytocin, oxytocin receptor and adipogenic factors were analysed in C2C12 myotubes.

Results

It was demonstrated that C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes express oxytocin and its receptor, in particular the receptor levels physiologically increase in differentiated myotubes. Myotubes treated with 17β-estradiol overexpressed oxytocin and oxytocin receptor genes by approximately 3- and 29-fold, respectively. A decrease in the expression of fatty acid binding protein 4 (0.62-fold), a fat metabolism-associated gene, was observed in oxytocin-treated myotubes. On the contrary, fatty acid binding protein 4 was upregulated (2.66-fold) after the administration of the combination of 17β-estradiol and oxytocin. 17β-estradiol regulates oxytocin and its receptor in skeletal muscle cells and they act in a synergic way on fatty acid metabolism.

Discussion

Oxytocin and its receptor are physiologically regulated along differentiation. 17β-estradiol regulates oxytocin and its receptor in skeletal muscle cells. 17β-estradiol and oxytocin act in a synergic way on fatty acid metabolism. A better understanding of the regulation of skeletal muscle homeostasis by estrogens and oxytocin peptide could contribute to increase our knowledge of muscle and its metabolism.
Comparative proteomics ofRhizopus delemarATCC 20344 unravels the role of amino acid catabolism in fumarate accumulation
Authors: Odoni Dorett I. , Tamayo-Ramos Juan A. , Sloothaak Jasper , van Heck Ruben G.A. , Martins dos Santos Vitor A.P. , de Graaff Leo H. , Suarez-Diez Maria , Schaap Peter J.
Published: March 2017

The filamentous fungusRhizopus delemarnaturally accumulates relatively high amounts of fumarate. Although the culture conditions that increase fumarate yields are well established, the network underlying the accumulation of fumarate is not yet fully understood. We set out to increase the knowledge about fumarate accumulation inR. delemar. To this end, we combined a transcriptomics and proteomics approach to identify key metabolic pathways involved in fumarate production inR. delemar, and propose that a substantial part of the fumarate accumulated inR. delemarduring nitrogen starvation results from the urea cycle due to amino acid catabolism.
Universal time variation of high‐latitude thermospheric disturbance wind in response to a substorm
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Ke Deng , Wan Xin , Lühr Hermann
Published: March 2017

The temporal and spatial variation in thermospheric winds are studied at 400 km altitude in response to substorms that start at different universal time (UT), using a global ionosphere and thermosphere model. The substorm‐induced disturbance winds at high latitudes are mainly in the poleward, westward, and upward directions in the dusk sector and in the equatorward, westward, and upward directions in the nighttime. The daytime perturbation is due to ion drag, driven by variations in interplanetary magnetic field Bz, whereas the nighttime perturbation is due to both the Bz and hemispheric power input. The nightside disturbed winds respond somewhat later than the dayside owing to low background ion density. Ion drag is the dominant driving force in the daytime for both meridional and zonal disturbed winds, whereas Joule heating is the dominant factor for the vertical winds. The nighttime meridional and zonal winds are driven by a combination of ion drag, Joule heating, and heating of the auroral belt, whereas the vertical winds are mainly caused by auroral belt heating. The viscous force acts to resist the ion drag, whereas the Coriolis force is negligible. The disturbed winds exhibit large variations with UT during equinox and local winter conditions. With more solar illumination, stronger disturbed winds can be generated. Weak or even opposite variations with UT in the disturbed winds are found in local summer, which is due to a smaller UT variation of the daytime ion density and a larger contribution from auroral heating than from ion drag.
Direct valorisation of waste cocoa butter triglycerides via catalytic epoxidation, ring‐opening and polymerisation
Authors: Plaza Dorota D , Strobel Vinzent , Heer Parminder Kaur KS , Sellars Andrew B , Hoong Seng‐Soi , Clark Andrew J , Lapkin Alexei A
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

Development of circular economy requires significant advances in the technologies for valorisation of waste, as waste becomes new feedstock. Food waste is a particularly important feedstock, containing large variation of complex chemical functionality. Although most food waste sources are complex mixtures, waste from food processing, no longer suitable for the human food chain, may also represent relatively clean materials. One such material requiring valorisation is cocoa butter.

RESULTS

Epoxidation of a triglyceride from a food waste source, processing waste cocoa butter, into the corresponding triglyceride epoxide was carried out using a modified Ishii‐Venturello catalyst in batch and continuous flow reactors. The batch reactor achieved higher yields due to the significant decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the laminar flow tubular reactor. Integral and differential models describing the reaction and the phase transfer kinetics were developed for the epoxidation of cocoa butter and the model parameters were estimated. Ring‐opening of the epoxidised cocoa butter was undertaken to provide polyols of varying molecular weight (Mw = 2000–84 000 Da), hydroxyl value (27–60 mg KOH g−1) and acid value (1–173 mg KOH g−1), using either aqueous ortho‐phosphoric acid (H3PO4) or boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3·OEt2)‐mediated oligomerisation in bulk, using hexane or tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvents. The thermal and tensile properties of the polyurethanes obtained from the reaction of these polyols with 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) are described.

CONCLUSION

The paper presents a complete valorisation scheme for a food manufacturing industry waste stream, starting from the initial chemical transformation, developing a process model for the design of a scaled‐up process, and leading to synthesis of the final product, in this case a polymer. This work describes aspects of optimisation of the conversion route, focusing on clean synthesis and also demonstrates the interdisciplinary nature of the development projects, requiring input from different areas of chemistry, process modelling and process design. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Extreme events in lake ecosystem time series
Authors: Batt Ryan D. , Carpenter Stephen R. , Ives Anthony R.
Published: March 2017

Climate change has generated growing interest in extreme events, and extremes are known to have important consequences for ecosystems. Theoretical mechanisms generating frequent extremes apply to both environmental and biological processes, yet past studies of ecological extremes have focused primarily on the abiotic environment. The rarity or commonness of extremes in biological time series is unknown. We evaluated the statistical tendency to produce extreme events in 595 biological, chemical, physical, and meteorological time series taken from 11 lakes. We found that extreme events were much more likely to occur for biological variables than for other categories. Additional analysis revealed that the tendency to produce extremes was driven primarily by within‐year dynamics, suggesting that processes occurring at short time scales underlie the high frequency of extremes in biological variables. These results should lead us to expect surprises in long‐term observations of biological populations.
AcuC, a histone deacetylase, contributes to the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Jiang Qingling , Chen Wenbo , Qin Yingxue , Huang Lixing , Xu Xiaojin , Zhao Lingmin , Yan Qingpi
Published: March 2017

The interactions of pathogens and phagocytes are complex. Our study demonstrated that Aeromonas hydrophila B11 can survive in the macrophagocytes of Tilapia mossambica. To explore the regulatory processes of A. hydrophila survival in the macrophagocytes, we used the mini‐Tn10 transposon mutagenesis system to build a mutant library by mixing Escherichia coli Sm10 (pLOFKm) and A. hydrophila B11. In total, 102 mutant colonies were detected, and 11 of them showed reduced survival in macrophagocytes. The mutant with the most severe phenotype, AM73, was chosen for further research. The ORF interrupted by mini‐Tn10 in AM73 was approximately 960 bp and was deposited in GenBank with the accession number SRP049226. The 319 amino acid protein encoded by the ORF showed a high degree of identity (89%) with proteins in the histone deacetylase/AcuC/AphA family of A. hydrophila subsp. hydrophila ATCC7966. A strain (AC73) in which the acuC mutation was complemented was constructed by generating the recombinant expression plasmid pACYC184‐acuC and introducing it into the AM73 mutant strain. Our experiments revealed that strain AM73 was deficient in biofilm formation, adhesion, survival in macrophagocytes, and virulence compared with A. hydrophila B11, and all of these biological properties were improved in strain AC73. The expression of 10 significant virulence genes was significantly inhibited in strain AM73. The results indicated that AcuC was an important regulatory protein contributing to the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila.
Internal and International Mobility as Adaptation to Climatic Variability in Contemporary Mexico: Evidence from the Integration of Census and Satellite Data
Authors: Leyk Stefan , Runfola Dan , Nawrotzki Raphael J. , Hunter Lori M. , Riosmena Fernando
Published: March 2017

Migration provides a strategy for rural Mexican households to cope with, or adapt to, weather events and climatic variability. Yet prior studies on environmental migration in this context have not examined the differences between choices of internal (domestic) or international movement. In addition, much of the prior work relied on very coarse spatial scales to operationalise the environmental variables such as rainfall patterns. To overcome these limitations, we use fine‐grain rainfall estimates derived from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. The rainfall estimates are combined with population and agricultural census information to examine associations between environmental changes and municipal rates of internal and international migration during 2005–2010. Our findings suggest that municipal‐level rainfall deficits relative to historical levels are an important predictor of both international and internal migration, especially in municipalities with predominantly rainfed agriculture. Although our findings do not contradict results of prior studies using coarse spatial resolution, they offer clearer evidence and a more spatially nuanced examination of migration as related to social and environmental vulnerability. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
‘from education, from duty, and from principle’: Irish Catholic loyalty in context, 1829-1874
Authors: Keogh Richard A.
Published: March 2017

The passage of the Emancipation Act in 1829 presented an opportunity for Catholics to reimagine their loyalty as equal subjects for the first time under the union between Great Britain and Ireland. This article explores the way Catholic loyalty was conceived in the decades that followed the act of 1829 through to the mid 1870s, when there was renewed focus on the civil allegiance of Catholics following the declaration of Papal infallibility. Historians are increasingly exploring a range of social, political and religious identities in nineteenth century Ireland, beyond the rigid binary paradigm of Catholic nationalisms and Protestant loyalisms that has dominated Irish historiography. However, Catholic loyalty in particular remains an anachronism and lacks sufficient conceptual clarity. Our understanding of a specifically Catholic variant of loyalty and its public and associational expression, beyond a number of biographical studies of relatively unique individuals, remains limited. By providing an exposition of episodes in the history of Catholic loyalty in the early and mid-Victorian years this article illuminates the phenomenon. It demonstrates that Irish Catholic loyalty took on different expressive forms, which were dependent on the individuals proclaiming their loyalty, their relationship to the objects of their loyalty, and its reception by the British state and Protestant establishment.
Racial differences in seroprevalence of HAV and HEV in blood donors in the Western Cape, South Africa: a clue to the predominant HEV genotype?
Authors: LOPES T. , CABLE R. , PISTORIUS C. , MAPONGA T. , IJAZ S. , PREISER W. , TEDDER R. , ANDERSSON M. I.
Published: March 2017

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. This infection causes major water-borne outbreaks in low- and middle-income countries, whilst in industrialised countries this infection is zoonotic. These differences in epidemiology are related to different HEV genotypes. HEV genotype 3 is a zoonotic infection, whilst genotype 2 causes large outbreaks. This study determined the seroprevalence of HEV in blood donors from the Western Cape. Anti-hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) antibody was detected in 184/300 (61%) donors. Antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) was detected in 78 of 300 donors (26%). It was highest in mixed race donors (62/100), followed by white donors (23/100) and lowest in black donors (19/100) P = 0.019. Since it is thought that genotypes 1 and 2 predominate both viruses would be acquired by the oro-faecal route, it is surprising that HEV seroprevalence does not mirror that of HAV. We postulate that this may reflect differences in socio-economic status and consumption of dietary meat. So the marked divergence between HEV and HAV seroprevalence may be the result of different routes of transmission. Further data are needed to explore the risk factors associated with HEV infection.
Echocardiographic right ventricular function correlations with cardiac catheterisation data in biventricular congenital heart patients
Authors: Nadorlik Holly , Stiver Corey , Khan Sairah , Miao Yongjie , Holzer Ralf , Cheatham John P. , Cua Clifford L.
Published: March 2017

Background

Newer echocardiographic techniques may allow for more accurate assessment of right ventricular function. Adult studies have correlated these echocardiographic measurements with invasive data, but minimal data exist in the paediatric congenital heart population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate echocardiographic measurements that correlate best with right ventricular systolic and diastolic catheterisation parameters.

Methods

Patients with two-ventricle physiology who underwent simultaneous echocardiogram and cardiac catheterisation were included in this study. Right ventricular systolic echocardiographic data included fractional area change, displacement, tissue Doppler imaging s’ wave, global longitudinal strain, and strain rate s’ wave. Diastolic echocardiographic data included tricuspid E and A waves, tissue Doppler imaging e’ and a’ waves, and strain rate e’ and a’ waves. E/tissue Doppler imaging e’, tissue Doppler imaging e’/tissue Doppler imaging a’, E/strain rate e’, and strain rate e’/strain rate a’ ratios were also calculated. Catheterisation dP/dt was used as a marker for systolic function and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure for diastolic function.

Results

A total of 32 patients were included in this study. The median age at catheterisation was 3.1 years (0.3–17.6 years). The DP/dt was 493±327 mmHg/second, and the right ventricular end-diastolic pressure was 7.7±2.4 mmHg. There were no significant correlations between catheterisation dP/dt and systolic echocardiographic parameters. Right ventricular end-diastolic pressure correlated significantly with strain rate e’ (r=−0.4, p=0.02), strain rate a’ (r=−0.5, p=0.03), and E/tissue Doppler imaging e’ (r=0.4, p=0.04).

Conclusion

Catheterisation dP/dt did not correlate with echocardiographic measurements of right ventricular systolic function. Strain rate and tissue Doppler imaging analysis significantly correlated with right ventricular end-diastolic pressure. These values should be further studied to determine whether they may be used as an alternative method to estimate right ventricular end-diastolic pressure in this patient population.
SUR LA TORSION DANS LA COHOMOLOGIE DES VARIÉTÉS DE SHIMURA DE KOTTWITZ-HARRIS-TAYLOR
Authors: Boyer Pascal
Published: March 2017

(Torsion in the cohomology of Kottwitz–Harris–Taylor Shimura varieties) When the level at $l$ of a Shimura variety of Kottwitz–Harris–Taylor is not maximal, its cohomology with coefficients in a $\overline{\mathbb{Z}}_{l}$-local system isn’t in general torsion free. In order to prove torsion freeness results of the cohomology, we localize at a maximal ideal $\mathfrak{m}$ of the Hecke algebra. We then prove a result of torsion freeness resting either on $\mathfrak{m}$ itself or on the Galois representation $\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}}_{\mathfrak{m}}$ associated to it. Concerning the torsion, in a rather restricted case than Caraiani and Scholze (« On the generic part of the cohomology of compact unitary Shimura varieties », Preprint, 2015), we prove that the torsion doesn’t give new Satake parameters systems by showing that each torsion cohomology class can be raised in the free part of the cohomology of a Igusa variety.
K-STABILITY OF FANO MANIFOLDS WITH NOT SMALL ALPHA INVARIANTS
Authors: Fujita Kento
Published: March 2017

We show that any $n$-dimensional Fano manifold $X$ with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}(X)=n/(n+1)$ and $n\geqslant 2$ is K-stable, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}(X)$ is the alpha invariant of $X$ introduced by Tian. In particular, any such $X$ admits Kähler–Einstein metrics and the holomorphic automorphism group $\operatorname{Aut}(X)$ of $X$ is finite.
Introduction to Symposium on the Colombian Peace Talks and International Law
Authors: Huneeus Alexandra , Urueña René
Published: March 2017

In September and October of 2016, Colombians witnessed a series of political events that defied their belief. First, the Colombian Government and theFuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia—Ejército del Pueblo(FARC—EP), signed to great fanfare a historic peace agreement finalizing Colombia’s armed conflict. The Un Secretary-General, the U.S. Secretary of State, and dozens other top diplomats and heads of states gathered in Cartagena for an emotional signing ceremony, symbolically ending a fifty-year armed confrontation that, according to the Colombian Center for Historic Memory, killed more than two hundred thousand people, 80 percent of which were noncombatants.
miR-127 enhances myogenic cell differentiation by targeting S1PR3
Authors: Zhai Lili , Wu Rimao , Han Wanhong , Zhang Yong , Zhu Dahai
Published: March 2017

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been implicated in muscle stem cell function. miR-127 is known to be predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, but its roles in myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration are unknown. Here, we show that miR-127 is upregulated during C2C12 and satellite cell (SC) differentiation and, by establishing C2C12 cells stably expressing miR-127, demonstrate that overexpression of miR-127 in C2C12 cells enhances myogenic cell differentiation. To investigate the function of miR-127 during muscle development and regeneration in vivo, we generated miR-127 transgenic mice. These mice exhibited remarkably accelerated muscle regeneration compared with wild-type mice by promoting SC differentiation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that the gene encoding sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), a G-protein-coupled receptor for sphingosine-1-phosphate, is a target of miR-127 required for its function in promoting myogenic cell differentiation. Importantly, overexpression of miR-127 in muscular dystrophy model mdx mice considerably ameliorated the disease phenotype. Thus, our findings suggest that miR-127 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of skeletal muscle disease in humans.
Tumor-treating fields elicit a conditional vulnerability to ionizing radiation via the downregulation of BRCA1 signaling and reduced DNA double-strand break repair capacity in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Karanam Narasimha Kumar , Srinivasan Kalayarasan , Ding Lianghao , Sishc Brock , Saha Debabrata , Story Michael D
Published: March 2017

The use of tumor-treating fields (TTFields) has revolutionized the treatment of recurrent and newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). TTFields are low-intensity, intermediate frequency, alternating electric fields that are applied to tumor regions and cells using non-invasive arrays. The predominant mechanism by which TTFields are thought to kill tumor cells is the disruption of mitosis. Using five non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines we found that there is a variable response in cell proliferation and cell killing between these NSCLC cell lines that was independent of p53 status. TTFields treatment increased the G2/M population, with a concomitant reduction in S-phase cells followed by the appearance of a sub-G1 population indicative of apoptosis. Temporal changes in gene expression during TTFields exposure was evaluated to identify molecular signaling changes underlying the differential TTFields response. The most differentially expressed genes were associated with the cell cycle and cell proliferation pathways. However, the expression of genes found within the BRCA1 DNA-damage response were significantly downregulated (P<0.05) during TTFields treatment. DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair foci increased when cells were exposed to TTFields as did the appearance of chromatid-type aberrations, suggesting an interphase mechanism responsible for cell death involving DNA repair. Exposing cells to TTFields immediately following ionizing radiation resulted in increased chromatid aberrations and a reduced capacity to repair DNA DSBs, which were likely responsible for at least a portion of the enhanced cell killing seen with the combination. These findings suggest that TTFields induce a state of ‘BRCAness’ leading to a conditional susceptibility resulting in enhanced sensitivity to ionizing radiation and provides a strong rationale for the use of TTFields as a combined modality therapy with radiation or other DNA-damaging agents.
The Magnetic and Crystal Structure of MnxGa (1.15 ≤ x ≤ 1.8) Alloys
Authors: Ryan D. H. , Yue Ming , Boyer C. B. , Liu X. B. , Lu Qingmei , Zhang Hongguo , Li Chenhui , Wang Manli , Altounian Z.
Published: March 2017

Neutron powder diffraction patterns measured above T
C
have been used to determine the location of the excess Mn in MnxGa (1.15 ≤ x ≤ 1.8). This information has then been used to constrain the fits to neutron powder diffraction patterns measured at ambient temperature and so determine unambiguously the Mn moments in this system. We find that Mn randomly occupies the two Ga sites (2a and 2b) in the I4/mmm structure and propose that it is more appropriate to use a simpler structure based on the P4/mmm space group with a reduced unit cell. In this structure the two Ga sites are formally equivalent (they occupy the 1a site while Mn occupies the 1d site). Our experimental observations are supported by DFT calculations. Below T
C
we find that the Mn(1d) moment is constant at 2.45(3) μ
B
, while Mn on the 1a site carries a slightly larger moment (~3 μ
B
) that is coupled antiparallel to the Mn(1d) moments, leading to the observed drop in magnetisation with increasing Mn content in MnxGa.