bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Integrated Bayesian and Machine Learning Approach Application to Identification of Groundwater Contamination Source Parameters
Authors: An Yongkai , Zhang Yanxiang , Yan Xueman
Published: August 2022

The identification of groundwater contamination source parameters is an important prerequisite for the control and risk assessment of groundwater contamination. This study developed an innovative approach for the optimal design of observation well locations and the high-precision identification of groundwater contamination source parameters. The approach involves Bayesian theory and integrates Markov Chain Monte Carlo, Bayesian design, information entropy, machine learning, and surrogate modeling. The optimal observation well locations are determined by information entropy, which is adopted to mine valuable information about unknown groundwater contamination source parameters from measurements of contaminant concentration according to Bayesian design. After determining the optimal observation well locations, the identification of groundwater contamination source parameters is implemented through a Bayesian-based Differential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis with Discrete Sampling–Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. However, the processes of both determination and identification are time-consuming because the original simulation model (that is, the contaminant transport model) needs to be invoked multiple times. To overcome this challenge, a machine learning approach, that is, Multi-layer Perceptron, is used to build a surrogate model for the original simulation model, which can greatly accelerate the determination and identification processes. Finally, two hypothetical numerical case studies involving homogeneous and heterogeneous cases are used to verify the performance of the proposed approach. The results show that the optimal design of observation well locations and high-precision identification of groundwater contamination source parameters can be implemented accurately and effectively by using the proposed approach. In summary, this study highlights that the integrated Bayesian and machine learning approach provides a promising solution for high-precision identification of groundwater contamination source parameters.
Arsenite to Arsenate Oxidation and Water Disinfection via Solar Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: A Kinetic and Statistical Approach
Authors: Silerio-Vázquez Felipe de J. , Núñez-Núñez Cynthia M. , Proal-Nájera José B. , Alarcón-Herrera María T.
Published: August 2022

Arsenic (As) poses a threat to human health. In 2014, more than 200 million people faced arsenic exposure through drinking water, as estimated by the World Health Organization. Additionally, it is estimated that drinking water with proper microbiological quality is unavailable for more than 1 billion people. The present work analyzed a solar heterogeneous photocatalytic (HP) process for arsenite (AsIII) oxidation and coliform disinfection from a real groundwater matrix employing two reactors, a flat plate reactor (FPR) and a compound parabolic collector (CPC), with and without added hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The pseudo first-order reaction model fitted well to the As oxidation data. The treatments FPR–HP + H2O2 and CPC–HP + H2O2 yielded the best oxidation rates, which were over 90%. These treatments also exhibited the highest reaction rate constants, 6.7 × 10−3 min−1 and 6.8 × 10−3 min−1, respectively. The arsenic removal rates via chemical precipitation reached 98.6% and 98.7% for these treatments. Additionally, no coliforms were detected at the end of the process. The collector area per order (ACO) for HP treatments was on average 75% more efficient than photooxidation (PO) treatments. The effects of the process independent variables, H2O2 addition, and light irradiation were statistically significant for the AsIII oxidation reaction rate (p < 0.05).
Spatiotemporal Variations in the Water Quality of Qionghai Lake, Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, China
Authors: Ran Jiao , Xiang Rong , Li Jie , Xiao Keyan , Zheng Binghui
Published: August 2022

Although Qionghai Lake is one of the 11 large and medium-sized lakes (lake area > 25 km2) in the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau (YGP), there has been little research on its water quality, especially over the long term. Herein, meteorological, hydrologic, trophic, and biochemical indices were investigated over the 2011–2020 period to explore the spatiotemporal variations in water quality in Qionghai Lake. The results showed that the CCME-WQI value for Qionghai Lake ranked between marginal and fair during 2011–2020, that the water quality of Qionghai Lake before 2017 was worse than after 2017, and that the water quality of the western part of Qionghai Lake was worse than that of the eastern part. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 0.39–0.51 and 0.019–0.027 mg/L during 2011–2020, respectively, and were the main pollution factors in Qionghai Lake. In addition, Qionghai Lake was at the mesotrophic level, but the chlorophyll and trophic state levels (TLI) increased year by year, and the levels in the western area were higher than in the eastern area. Increased anthropogenic activities (industrialization, urbanization, agricultural intensification, etc.) were the main reasons for the poor water quality of Qionghai Lake before 2017, while, after 2017, effective government environmental restoration and management measures improved the water quality. Moreover, the difference in land-use types within the watershed was the main reason for the spatial heterogeneity of water quality in Qionghai Lake. Potassium permanganate index (CODMn) and ammonia nitrogen content index (NH3-N) were not very high, but both showed seasonal variations. Water transparency (SD) in Qionghai Lake was reduced by sediment input and increased algal biomass, while dissolved oxygen (DO) decreased due to thermal stratification. This study is expected to provide a theoretical reference for understanding changes in the water quality and water environmental protection of Qionghai Lake and the YGP.
DRASTIC Index GIS-Based Vulnerability Map for the Entre-os-Rios Thermal Aquifer
Authors: Gonçalves Vanessa , Albuquerque Antonio , Almeida Pedro G. , Cavaleiro Victor
Published: August 2022

The sulphurous mineral waters of ‘Entre-os-Rios’, which is sited in NW Portugal, are famous for their long history as thermal baths dating back at least to the mid-sixteenth century. Because of the singularity of its water composition, especially the highest sulphur content, the mineral waters of ‘Entre-os-Rios’ are one of the most important sulphurous waters in Portugal. Despite these mineral waters having a protection perimeter buffer zone to avoid water contamination, there are potentially damaging installations (e.g., fuel station) in the closed protection buffer zone that, according to existing law, are not permitted within the protection perimeters, which defeats the purpose of their delineation. A vulnerability map was created using geographic information system (GIS) tools based on multi-criteria analysis, combining thematic maps and parameters of the DRASTIC index, for evaluating the risk of contamination in the protection area. The results showed that within the perimeter, there was a low risk of pollution. The alluvium-covered terrain was vulnerable to moderate contamination, but it was far from the catchment point. Areas of minimal risk corresponded to locations where the granitic massif had not been significantly weathered. The map enables information collection for a better definition of local resource structures and planning, namely, for restricted areas emplacement where some activities should not be allowed (e.g., agriculture and water prospection), given its influence on the confined granitic aquifer.
Problems of Local Flooding in Functional Urban Areas in Poland
Authors: Mrozik Karol Dawid
Published: August 2022

The research process of developing recommendations for rural communities directly adjacent to metropolitan cities in the field of local flooding protection, especially retention fee was preceded by: analysis of secondary data in 100 communities in three Functional Urban Areas (Metropolitan Areas, MA) in Poland: Poznań MA, Wrocław MA and Łódź MA (assessment of flooding and urbanization), analysis of primary data in 18 rural communities immediately adjacent to the metropolitan centers: semi-structured telephone interviews (stormwater fee from the stakeholder perspective) and survey research (local floodings from the citizen perspectives). To illustrate the scale of the flooding problem in MAs, flood risk maps were used along with data from the State Fire Service on local threats, and for assessing the scale of suburbanization data obtained from Statistics Poland. Although residents confirmed their readiness to co-finance the activities supporting the development of water retention, local authorities were hesitant to introduce additional charges for the residents. Therefore, a better solution would be to set the fees already at the national level. However, communities should be given more power with regards to the distribution of collected funds which, in turn, should be allocated directly to the local programs for the enhancement of retention capacity in the local catchments.
Adsorption of Phosphate and Nitrate Ions on Oxidic Substrates Prepared with a Variable-Charge Lithological Material
Authors: Prato José Gregorio , Millán Fernando Carlos , González Luisa Carolina , Ríos Anita Cecilia , López Esteban , Ríos Iván , Navas Siboney , Márquez Andrés , Carrero Julio César , Díaz Juan Isidro
Published: August 2022

This work evaluates phosphate and nitrate ion adsorption from aqueous solutions on calcined adsorbent substrates of variable charge, prepared from three granulometric fractions of an oxidic lithological material. The adsorbent material was chemically characterized, and N2 gas adsorption (BET), X-ray diffraction, and DTA techniques were applied. The experimental conditions included the protonation of the beds with HCl and H2SO4 and the study of adsorption isotherms and kinetics. The lithological material was moderately acidic (pH 5) with very little solubility (electrical conductivity 0.013 dS m−1) and a low cation exchange capacity (53.67 cmol (+) kg−1). The protonation reaction was more efficient with HCl averaging 0.745 mmol versus 0.306 mmol with H2SO4. Likewise, the HCl-treated bed showed a better adsorption of PO4−3 ions (3.296 mg/100 g bed) compared to the H2SO4-treated bed (2.579 mg/100 g bed). The isotherms showed great affinity of the PO4−3 ions with the oxide surface, and the data fit satisfactorily to the Freundlich model, suggesting a specific type of adsorption, confirmed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. In contrast, the nitrate ions showed no affinity for the substrate (89.7 µg/100 g for the HCl-treated bed and 29.3 µg/100 g bed for the H2SO4-treated bed). Amphoteric iron and aluminum oxides of variable charges present in the lithological material studied allow for their use as adsorbent beds as an alternative technique to eliminate phosphates and other ions dissolved in natural water.
Close Association between Stream Water Quality and Fluorescence Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Agriculture-Dominated Watersheds
Authors: Jeon Pilyong , Cho Sohyun , Hur Jin , Mun Hyunsaing , Chae Minhee , Cho Yoonhae , Seok Kwangseol , Hong Seonhwa
Published: August 2022

The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its relationships with other environmental factors are beneficial for comprehending water pollution in watersheds. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the association of DOM with water quality by connecting the spectroscopic characteristics of DOM with land cover and land use (LCLU). Clustering the tributaries of the Miho upstream watershed according to LCLU resulted in Clusters 1 and 2 having a large proportion of farmland and a large forest area, respectively. Various fluorescence indices derived from fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectra revealed that livestock effluent resulted in the enrichment of autochthonous organic matter of algal or microbial origin in catchment areas with a high proportion of farmland. Furthermore, to analyze water quality changes according to the land-use characteristics, the water quality and spectroscopic characteristics of DOM were utilized based on the period of farmland use. Further correlation analysis indicated a high correlation between the fluorescence index (FI) in Cluster 1 and organic matter parameters and nitrogenous pollution (Total nitrogen (TN), Dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) and Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N)) (planting season, r = 0.991, post-planting season, r = 0.971). This suggests that the FI can be used as a surrogate to estimate the degree of water pollution in watersheds largely affected by land uses related to agricultural activity and the livestock industries.
Water, Water Everywhere, nor Any Drop to Drink? Options for Improving the Resilience of a Subtropical Island to Drought and the Sensitivity of Their Yield under a Projected Drier Future Climate
Authors: Petheram Cuan , Yang Ang , Hughes Justin , Seo Lynn , Rogers Lee , Vanderzalm Joanne , Taylor Andrew R , Marvanek Steve
Published: August 2022

Norfolk Island, like many islands in the subtropical Pacific, is at increasing risk of drought. To test the hypothesis that desalination is the most cost-effective technology for providing potable water during ‘water emergencies’, this study calculated and compared the levelised cost on Norfolk Island of seven ‘centralised’ intervention options and two ‘diffuse’ options for increasing groundwater accessions. Gully dams were the ‘centralised’ intervention option found to have the lowest levelised cost but had the largest percentage reductions in yield (i.e., 39% for 1 ML storage) under a projected drier future climate, greater than twice the percentage reduction in rainfall (16%) but less than the percentage reduction in runoff (44%). Cluster-scale roof-harvested rainwater systems with ‘turkey nest’ earth embankment had the second lowest levelised cost but are probably socially unacceptable due to siting on the community’s premier sporting oval. Desalination had the third lowest levelised cost, followed by the use of existing deep groundwater bores to pump and store water exclusively for use during a water emergency. Although desalination was not the most cost-effective technology, it is likely to be more socially acceptable than the two more cost-effective options. After gully dams, rainwater harvesting intervention options had the second highest proportional reductions in yield under a projected drier future climate (~10%); however, the reductions were less than the percentage reductions in rainfall. The yield from desalination and groundwater were unaffected under a drier future climate projected for ~2060.
A Case Study on Deformation Failure Characteristics of Overlying Strata and Critical Mining Upper Limit in Submarine Mining
Authors: Li Guang , Wang Zhiwen , Ma Fengshan , Guo Jie , Liu Jia , Song Yewei
Published: August 2022

Unlike land mining, the safety of seabed mining is seriously threatened by an overlying water body. In order to ensure the safety of subsea mining projects, it is of great importance to understand the failure characteristics and influencing factors of overlying strata deformation. Focusing on the Sanshandao Gold Mine, a typical submarine deposit in China, geomechanical model testing and numerical simulations were carried out. The results show that in the mining of a steeply dipping metal ore body, subsidence deformation mainly occurs on the hanging wall; the subsidence center is located on the surface of the hanging wall, and the uplift center is located on the upper surface of the ore body. The critical mining upper limit, which represents the minimum thickness of the reserved isolation pillar between the overlying seawater and the goaf, was determined to be 50 m in the Xinli mine; fault slip would occur if this critical value was exceeded. The dip angle and thickness of the ore body were negatively correlated with the vertical surface deformation. As the dip angle and thickness increased, the critical upper mining limit increased. When the fault was located in the footwall, the critical upper mining limit increased as the distance between the fault and the ore body increased, and the failure mode of the goaf was fault slip. When the fault was located in the hanging wall, the final failure mode of the goaf changed to a combined failure mode of overlying rock collapse as well as fault slip. These research results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the reserved pillar height in the Xinli mining area, as well as a reference for safe mining practices under similar geological conditions.
Species-Specific Abundance Response of Montane Stream Fishes to Drought-Induced Variation in Streamflow
Authors: Larsen Noah E. , Simkins Richard M. , Wesner Jeff S. , Tuckfield R. Cary , Belk Mark C.
Published: August 2022

Climate change projections in the western United States suggest that snowpack levels and winter precipitation will decline, but mean annual precipitation levels will remain unchanged. Mountain streams that once saw a constant source of water from snowpack will begin to see large seasonal variation in flow. Increased stream intermittency will create significant conservation risks for fish species; however, few studies have examined the abundance responses of fish in high elevation streams to the shift from perennial to intermittent flow. To determine the effects of stream intermittency on fish abundance in a montane stream, we quantified changes in abundance for five species over a five-year period that exhibited extreme variation in streamflow. Responses varied by species and life stage, suggesting that the shift from perennial to intermittent flow will cause significant declines in abundance for some species. Northern leatherside chub may experience large decreases in their range as the availability of perennial streams decreases. The study of drought effects on fish abundance will be crucial to the conservation of biodiversity in montane regions of the world.
Description of Aliinostoc alkaliphilum sp. nov. (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria), a New Bioactive Metabolite-Producing Strain from Salina Verde (Pantanal, Brazil) and Taxonomic Distribution of Bioactive Metabolites in Nostoc and Nostoc-like Genera
Authors: Christodoulou Maria , Jokela Jouni , Wahlsten Matti , Saari Lyudmila , Economou-Amilli Athena , Fiore Marli de Fatima , Sivonen Kaarina
Published: August 2022

Cyanobacteria are a group of oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes found in almost all habitats on earth including those characterized as extreme environments. It has been observed that the number of studies dealing with the biodiversity of extremophilic cyanobacteria is limited while studies exploring their bioactive potential are even scarcer. The taxonomy of three Nostoc-like cyanobacterial strains isolated from a shallow lake in Brazil was studied by applying a polyphasic approach. The bioactive potential of the strains was also evaluated using antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The metabolites present in the bioactive HPLC fractions were identified by UPLC/ESI/Q-TOF. Based on our phylogenetic inferences in combination with morphological and ecological information, we describe Aliinostoc alkaliphilum sp. nov., exhibiting antibacterial and antifungal activities. The main bioactive metabolite in all three strains was nocuolin A, which represents the first report of this metabolite in Aliinostoc. Our phylogenetic studies also revealed that many bioactive metabolite-producting strains that are currently assigned to Nostoc belong to other distinct evolutionary lineages. These findings highlight the importance of polyphasic approach studies in both cyanobacterial taxonomy and natural product discovery programs.
Analysis of the IMERG-GPM Precipitation Product Analysis in Brazilian Midwestern Basins Considering Different Time and Spatial Scales
Authors: Duarte Luíza Virgínia , Formiga Klebber Teodomiro Martins , Costa Veber Afonso Figueiredo
Published: August 2022

Precipitation products derived from satellites have emerged as a promising approach for obtaining precipitation estimates, enabling accurate long-term observations and describing the water cycle dynamics from a global scale to a local scale. The quality of these products has improved significantly in the last decades, especially with the emergence of TRMM missions and its successor GPM. The objective of this study was to evaluate the daily, monthly and annual precipitation estimates provided by IMERG version 05 of the GPM, with the data observed by the rainfall stations of the Brazilian Agency of Water and Sanitation (ANA) in the basins of the Brazilian midwest. In order to compare the data, the spatialization of the data of the rainfall stations was performed by means of the ordinary kriging technique, interpolating the data for grids of 0.1° × 0.1° that correspond to the specialized grids of the GPM satellite. The data were evaluated quantitatively by means of statistical metrics. The GPM satellite precipitation product performed relatively well on a daily scale for regions with smooth topography, and was able to describe the rainfall regime on larger time scales, regardless of the terrain conditions. However, the satellite retrievals were unable to reproduce rainfall extremes in virtually all situations, which may limit their application in frequency analyses.
Sejarah dan Perkembangan Tradisi Mogang di Batu Bara
Authors: Khoiruddin Rudi , Harahap Nursapia , Hamdani Muhammad Faisal
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the history of the Mogang tradition in Batu Bara. This tradition has been carried out since the 1700s. In Batu Bara, this tradition has been a hereditary culture since the Kedatuan era until now. Batu Bara is an area located on the eastern coast of Sumatra and faces the Strait of Malacca, precisely at the mouth of the Batu Bara River. This study uses the historical method in four writing steps, namely; heuristics, verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography, with a cultural approach. Based on the information the author got, in Batu Bara there are ancient tombs that are thought to be from the 18th century. This proves that, there were already human settlements in the area before the 18th century. Mogang itself means slaughtering or slaughtering. Usually, this tradition is carried out by Kedatuan in welcoming the Holy month of Ramadan and Eid al-Fitr. In this tradition, Kedatuan slaughtered livestock to be distributed to the community. Along with its development, this tradition also has economic, social, cultural and religious values.
Sejarah Peninggalan Rumah Adat Bolon di Desa Pematang Purba, Kabupaten Simalungun
Authors: Saragih Hakimi Arsya , Lubis Fauziah , Jamil Khairul
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the architectural history of Rumah Bolon in Pematang Purba Village, Simalungun Regency. Rumah Bolon is a typical Batak traditional house which is usually the residence of the king and his entire extended family. This research uses qualitative research methods, with a historical approach. In the historical approach, there are four writing steps, namely: heuristics, verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Bolon's house is a symbol of the greatness and beauty of Simalungun's distinctive architecture. In its construction, it must go through various kinds of long and strict ceremonies. Not all wood can also be used as raw material for dast in its manufacture. In the Rumah Bolon architecture, the design from top to bottom, has been arranged in great detail. In addition, in the Rumah Bolon building there are also Simalungun colors; red; white; and black. There are also several carvings in Rumah Bolon that symbolize the meanings of greatness, mutual cooperation, and togetherness.
Evaluation of the possibility of using brominated phthalates from production waste as a plasticizer-flame retardant for cellulose ethers
Authors: PLOTNIKOVA R. N. , KORCHAGIN V. I. , POPOVA L. V.
Published: August 2022

The possibility of using brominated phthalates obtained from wastes of butyl alcohol production by oxosynthesis as a plasticizerflame retardant in composites based on cellulose ethers is considered. A regression equation has been obtained for the quantitative description of the cellulose compositions flammability depending on the type of cellulose ether, the type of plasticizer-flame retardant and its content in the composite. It has been shown that the flammability of plasticized compositions based on various cellulose ethers depends only on the content of the flame retardant element in the composition. An indicator to assess the degree of inhibition of the flame propagation in compositions based on cellulose ethers from the content of brominated phthalate plasticizer from waste production is proposed, which can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various flame retardants in such compositions.
La influencia del populismo punitivo en la práctica judicial
Authors: Chiroque Bances María Dolores
Published: August 2022

El presente trabajo nos demuestra que el populismo punitivo es un mecanismo que utilizan los legisladores de turno para hacer frente al sufrimiento de la ciudadanía afectada por los conflictos sociales: inseguridad ciudadana y criminalidad. Para ello, toman a la norma penal y emiten leyes de incremento de pena, cadena perpetua y eliminación de beneficios procesales y penitenciarios, especialmente frente a casos mediáticos: violación sexual de menores, sin tomar en consideración la realidad problemática y los derechos fundamentales del delincuente, sino solamente el sufrimiento de la víctima. Por ello, en este artículo se busca establecer parámetros para los encargados de la administración de justicia, quienes deben gozar del conocimiento y la capacitación en derecho constitucional y no ser más la boca de ley, pues se ha demostrado que este mecanismo viene dejando consecuencias negativas debido a que los establecimientos penitenciarios se encuentran hacinados.
Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among female football players and non-players
Authors: Puš Katarina , Kajtna Tanja
Published: August 2022

Purpose: Depression and anxiety are mental illnesses which affect many people worldwide. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among Slovenian female football players and non-players.
Methods: The sample consisted of Slovenian female football players playing in the Slovenian 1st female football league or youth league (n = 78) and non-player peers (n = 120) with an average age of the total sample 22±4 years. The participants filled out a questionnaire including some general questions (age, physical activity levels, participation in competitive sports), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21).
Results: The most commonly observed were normal and mild levels of depression and anxiety. According to the results of depression in BDI-II, 43.6% of athletes experienced moderate to severe depression compared to 15.8% of peers (p = 0.001). Results from DASS-21 show that 71.8% of athletes experience normal to mild symptoms of depression and 56.4% experience the same levels of anxiety. Similarly, 75% of peers experience normal to mild depressive symptoms and 56.7% reported normal to mild symptoms of anxiety. No statistical differences were found in these categories.
Conclusion: We have gained insight into the current prevalence of depression and anxiety among female football players and their peers but more research needs to be done.
Pengaruh Laju Aliran Fluida Helical Coil Terhadap Efektivitas Kondensor Minyak Atsiri Cengkeh Berbasis Shell
Authors: Tupamahu Cendy S. E. , Sarwuna Sefnath J. E.
Published: August 2022

One of the main tools in the process of making essential oils is a condenser. The simple use of condensers is still used for essential oil processing by small business groups of Clove essential oil in Suli Village, Central Maluku. This is what encourages this research to be carried out. This research includes designing and testing the condenser model using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.5 Software to determine the optimal efficiency of the condenser by varying the mass flow rate of cold fluid on the shell side. The condenser used in this study is a helical coil condenser where hot fluid flows on the tube side and cold fluid flows on the shell side. Tube and shell materials are made of stainless steel 304, with a tube diameter of 1.905 cm, shell diameter 30 cm, shell height 57 cm, coil diameter 24 cm, coil height 50 cm. mass flow rate variations of 0.25, 0.51, 0.76, 1.01, and 1.26 kg / s. The results showed that the effectiveness of the condenser was effective at the mass flow rate m ̇ = 1.26 kg/s where the effectiveness (ɛ) was 91%.
Potensi Energi Angin pada Sisi Siku Atap Gedung Tinggi
Authors: Aryabathi Wildane , Erwin Erwin , Wiyono Slamet
Published: August 2022

Wind is moving air caused by the earth's rotation and also because of the difference in air pressure around it. The wind flows that occur include laminar flow and turbulent flow. Judging from the effect of spreading its direction, the wind that passes through a building, its flow will split into horizontal and vertical axes and pass along the geometry and structure of the building. This happens because the wind speed increases due to the increased wind pressure along the side of the building. Departing from this hypothesis, this research was conducted to compare the velocity potential on the angle side of the building roof with the speed at the top of the building (Rooftop) as a starting point for the development of new renewable energy engineering, especially wind energy. This experiment was conducted at the Dean Building of the Faculty of Engineering, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Cilegon, Banten. After conducting experiments with reference to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61400-12-1 standard, this research found that on the angle side of the building the average and maximum velocity are higher than those on the roof of the building, also the wind energy potential is higher, amounting to ≥20.94%. In terms of Daily Wind Energy Potential, the elbow side of the building is proven to be more efficient with an increase in efficiency of 42.2%.
Enhanced high-temperature volume resistivity of AlN by doping
Authors: Kato Daiki , Feng Bin , Noritake Yasunobu , Hishida Tomoko , Shibata Naoya , Ikuhara Yuichi
Published: August 2022

The addition of various oxide dopants for AlN were investigated aiming to increase the AlN volume resistivity at high temperature. It was confirmed that the volume resistivity of 1 mol% MgO doped AlN shows four orders of magnitude higher than that of non-doped AlN. To further clarify the effect of MgO doping, we sintered various kinds of AlN with different MgO concentration and grain sizes, and the microstructures were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The results suggest the inversion domain boundary appeared in the MgO doped AlN might be the possible reason for the increase of volume resistivity.
Bibelkunde
Authors: Bormann Lukas
Published: August 2022

Diese Bibelkunde führt in den Aufbau der Bibel ein, informiert über die Beziehungen zum Koran und erläutert die wichtigsten Bibelübersetzungen. In 14 Paragraphen behandelt sie die Schriften des Alten und Neuen Testaments. Eine in der Praxis erprobte, bibeldidaktisch reflektierte Auswahl von 50 biblischen Erzählungen ermöglicht eine Schnelllektüre der wichtigsten erzählerischen Inhalte der Bibel.
Jeder Paragraph enthält:
- Lektüreempfehlungen
- einen Leitfaden zum eigenständigen Lernen
- Hinweise zu weiterführender Literatur.
Zahlreiche Übersichten und Schemata erschließen den umfangreichen Stoff, erleichtern so die Prüfungsvorbereitung und dienen auch in der Praxis als Orientierung.
The Experimental Experience of Motion Kinematics in Biology Class Using PhET Virtual Simulation and Its Impact on Learning Outcomes
Authors: Verawati Ni Nyoman Sri Putu , Handriani Lia Saptini , Prahani Binar Kurnia
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to provide biology students with a motion kinematics experimental experience using virtual PhET simulations and explore the improvement of their physics learning outcomes. Pre-experimental (pretest-posttest experimental design) was conducted in this study, pretest-posttest was carried out before and after the learning treatment, while the learning treatment was motion kinematics experiment using virtual PhET simulation. The research sample was taken purposively, they were 24 students of the Biology Education Study Program, FKIP Mataram University who took Basic Physics courses. Student learning outcomes were measured using a test instrument. Learning outcomes data were analyzed descriptively with the average score of achievement or performance of students' cognitive learning outcomes on pretest and posttest, as well as n-gain analysis. In addition, statistical analysis (Wilcoxon test) was used to determine the difference in the average score of student learning outcomes between pre-posttest (p < 0.05). The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the average score of student learning outcomes increased from pretest to posttest with successive criteria from "less" to "good," an increase in student learning outcomes with high criteria with an n-gain score of 0.71. The results of the statistical test showed that there was a significant difference in the average score of student learning outcomes before and after the motion kinematics experiment using PhET virtual simulation. The results in this study provide a learning experience related to ways of conducting physics concepts that are more meaningful in the learning process that can be widely used in routine physics teaching in the classroom.
Development of Evaluative-Process Learning Tools Integrated with Conceptual-Problem-Based Learning Models: Study of Its Validity and Effectiveness to Train Critical Thinking
Authors: Fitriani Herdiyana , Samsuri Taufik , Rachmadiarti Fida , Raharjo Raharjo , Mantlana Christabel Dudu
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to develop an evaluative-process learning tool integrated with the conceptual-problem-based learning (CPBL) model to train students' critical thinking skills. The learning tools developed (lesson plans, textbooks, worksheets, and critical thinking test instruments) were evaluated for validity and Effectiveness in training students' critical thinking skills at the higher education level. Validity evaluation is carried out on content and construct validity aspects. This is done through a focus group discussion (FGD) mechanism involving four expert validators. Furthermore, the Effectiveness of the developed learning tools is evaluated by implementing them in the classroom. The experimental design (intact-group comparison) involved a sample group from the State Islamic University of Mataram. The experimental group was taught by evaluative-process learning tools integrated with the CPBL model, while lectures and discussions taught the control group. Critical thinking data were collected using a valid essay test instrument, and the results were analyzed. The validity test results show that all the elements that make up the learning tools in the aspect of content and construct validity have been declared valid. Furthermore, at the implementation stage in the classroom, evaluative-process learning tools integrated with the CPBL model have been effective in training students' critical thinking skills compared to teaching that relies on lectures and discussion. This Effectiveness is based on two aspects, (1) the conceptual framework of the CPBL model, which is constructed and arranged from a problem-based learning model with five learning steps, namely prior knowledge, organize, investigate, analyze, and evaluation; (2) the concept of evaluative-process which is integrated with the CPBL model. These two aspects support capacity in training students to think critically.
دراسة تحليلية لوضع الرمي لبطل العالم ومقارنتها مع بطل العراق لفعالية رمي الرمح
Authors: محمد الخالدي محمد جاسم , مهدي علي , حمد العامري حيدر فياض
Published: August 2022

إن مستوى ابطال العالم في فعالية رمي الرمح على وجه الخصوص يعد مستوى القمة في هذا التخصص ولك الرماة من المستويات الاقل يعمل بجد من اجل التعرف على مستوى القمة من خلال التحليل لاظهار النقاط الدقيقة المتعلقة بالانجاز كخطوة أولى ثم اكمال العمل بالخطوة الثانية عن طريق مقارنة تلك الحرجة والمهمة مع المستويات المحلية التي تكون في الغالب اقل من مستوى القمة للمساعدة في رفع المستوى المحلي .
الامام جعفر بن محمد الصادق وتغيير الدولة دراسة في الوعي التاريخي
Authors: المظفر علي عبد الحسين , ماجد حسن كريم
Published: August 2022

هذا بحث بعنوان (الإمام جعفر بن محمد الصادق وتغيير الدولة دراسة في الوعي التأريخي) تناولنا فيه مرحلة خطيرة من مراحل التغيير في التأريخ الإسلامي من مرحلة إلى أخرى وأوضحنا فيه رؤى الإمام الصادق(عليه السلام) لمجريات الأحداث وسلوكه في أتونها ثم إبداء النصيحة لأبناء الحسن (عليه السلام) في عدم الخوض في الصراعات والنزاعات الداخلية لأن مصيرها لغيرهم، وهم العباسيون الذين بذلوا جهدهم ووسعهم في الوصول إلى السلطة بذكاء وفطنة من مستوى الشعارات المعروضة والسر والكتمان في التحرك السياسي لتغيير الحكم لصالحهم بعد أن تحول سر الدعوة والدعاة من أبي هاشم في منطقة الحميمة إلى العباسيين في سر وغموض وحلقة مفقودة لا تعرف، وكل هذا وعاه الإمام الصادق(عليه السلام) فقام بثورة إصلاحية تغييرية على المستوى العلمي فجعل مدرسته تعج بطلاب العلوم الدينية والعلوم الصرفة وابتعد عن التحرك السياسي وكأنه أعطانا درسا لخلود الكلمة والعلم وذهاب الحكم بذهاب الحاكم.
تعدد الجرائم واثره في العقاب مقارنة بين التشريع العراقي والمصري والاردني
Authors: كاشف الغطاء علي عادل , حسن مروه يوسف
Published: August 2022

الأصل إذا كانت الجريمة المرتكبة واحدة فإن الجاني يعاقب عليها بعقوبة أصلية واحدة ولكن في حالة ارتكابه أكثر من جريمة فنكون بصدد تعدد للجرائم, واستناداً لذلك فإن حكم القانون في هذه الحالة يختلف لأنه قد يرتكب الجاني جرائم عدة أو أفعال مادية يكوَّن كل منها جريمة قائمة بذاتها معاقب عليها في القانون نكون عندئذ بصدد تعدد مادي للجرائم أو قد يرتكب الجاني فعلا جرميا واحدا ينطبق عليه أكثر من نص قانوني فنكون بصدد تعدد معنوي للجرائم.
حوار الاديان والثقافات اشكالية الجدوى
Authors: زاهد عبد الامير كاظم
Published: August 2022

تقول الدراسات السكانية و دراسات التوزيع البشري ضمن نطاق الاديان و الثقافات ان في عالمنا المعاصر ثلاثة وثلاثون الف دين ومعتقد ,منها 125 دين يتعامل الناس معها العالم على انها اديان اذ يبلغ معتنقو كل منها قرابة المليون في الحد الادنى من بينها ثلاثة وعشرون ديناً رئيسياً. و تؤكد تلك الدراسات ان 60% من سكان الارض البالغين سبعة مليارات من البشر تقريباً يتوزعون بين الاسلام و المسيحية فيقدر عدد المسيحين (2,2) مليار(1) و تعتبر الولايات المتحدة في مقدمة الدول الكبرى التي لم تهمل تأثير الدين في عملية صنع القرار السياسي و تزعم حرصها على الحوار بين الاديان ونشر ثقافة التسامح لذلك انشأت لجنة الحريات الدينية الدولية (useirf) (IRAF) على اساس قانون الحرية الدينية 1998 والذي يصدر تقريراً دولياً كل عام في الاول من ايلول, بخصوص تجاوزات الدول على الحريات الدينية و قد اشار التقرير في نسخة منه التقرير ان المسلمين في اوروبا الغربية غالبيتهم من المهاجرين اما مسلمي اوروبا الشرقية (ألبانيا و كوسوفو) فهم من السكان الاصليين بحيث يذكر ان اكثر من نصف مسلمي اوروبا من السكان الاصليين (2). تقول الاحصائيات انه يبلغ الكاثوليك منهم فقط حسب احصائية الفتيكان 1,166 مليار و عدد المسلمين 1,7 مليار نسمة بحيث يشكلون 25% من السكان ويبلغ عدد اليهود في العالم (14مليون) (3) .
الشيخ محمد حسين كاشف الغطاء قدس وجهوده الادبية والنقدية
Authors: حافظ حسين لفته
Published: August 2022

تناول المبحث الاول خطب الشيخ محمد حسين كاشف الغطاء(قُدّس): يرى اغلب الباحثين ان الخطابة أخذت تتطور وتنتعش منذ أواخر القرن الماضي ,وخاصة الخطب الاجتماعية والوعظية التي يهدف من وراءها الى إصلاح الأمة، والمبحث الثاني : شاعريّة الشيخ محمد حسين كاشف الغطاء (قُدّس): برع الشيخ في نظم الشعر , حتى وصل مرحلة متقدمة وقصائده التي نظمها تشهد على قوة شاعريته, الا انه توقف عن نظم الشعر ليتفرغ للزعامة الدينية بعدما وصل مرحلة الاجتهاد,اما المبحث الثالث في فن المقالة الأدبية: وهو فن آخر من الفنون الأدبية التي برع فيها الشيخ محمد حسين كاشف الغطاء حتى عده الدارسون من رواده ومنهم الدكتور منير بكر الذي رأى انه : " مُنح قدرة المصلح, وموهبة الأديب, فاستطاع أن يتحرى الحقائق،والاخير جهود الشيخ محمد حسين (قُدّس )النقديّة : تنوعت جهود الشيخ محمد حسين النقدية فقد عالج في مؤلفاته مختلف أنواع القضايا النقدية , وقد انتشرت هذه القضايا في ثنايا مؤلفاته الأدبية , امتلك الشيخ رؤية واسعة لا تقف عند حد معين ، فلم يكن قلمه مقصوراً على ميدان بعينه، بل امتد الى ميادين متعددة يجول فيها ويلتقط منها مادة مقالاته ، حتى يحولها الى مادة ممتعة تمس هموم الناس ومشاكلهم , بلغة سليمة فصيحة تشتمل على السهل الممتنع , ومن ثم صار للشيخ أسلوبه الخاص في الكتابة بفعل تلك الصفات
البناء القصصي في القصيدة العربية دراسة تحليلية في قصيدة أبي ذؤيب الهذلي
Authors: صالح ميثم مهدي
Published: August 2022

تناول الباحث مدى ملازمة وجود الإنسان ونشأت القصة ، وما تحققه من أمرين : إما الإخبار عما يجري للإنسان من أحداث عاشها ، أو تتحقق المتعة والتسلية للمستمعين ، فهي ليست وليدة العصور المتأخرة ، وإنما هي قديمة قدم الحياة الاجتماعية ..
المصطلح اللغوي والمصطلح القرآني دراسة مقارنة في المفهوم والاسس
Authors: الشبلي عدوية حياوي
Published: August 2022

المفاهيم التي جاء بها المحدثون للمصطلح اللغوي متقاربة في أطرها العامة ، فهي تدور حول نقل دلالة الألفاظ أو تغييرها أو تبديلها ، وهذا الانتقال أو التغير بعضهم يراه مقيدا بشروط كالمحافظة على المناسبة أو الارتباط بين الدلالتين أو الالتزام بالصورة اللفظية الأصلية للكلمة ..
قراءة دلالية في محذوف سوره الضحى
Authors: الجنابي سيروان عبد الزهرة
Published: August 2022

يرى الباحث أن للخطاب القرآني وضعه المميز في موضوعية تشكلات النص وبنائيته ، انسجاماً ومواقف غاية في الروعة والإعجاز ، ولا ينحصر هذا في مدخل مضمونيات الخطاب فحسب ، بل يسري إلى جمالياته المعمارية المنحصرة في الألفاظ ..
نظرات في مزايا التسوية الصلحية الضريبية دراسة قانونية
Authors: طالب نظام جبار
Published: August 2022

تمثل التسوية الصلحية الضريبية نظام قانوني يهدف إلى انقضاء الخصومة الجزائية القائمة بين السلطة المالية والمخالف في جريمة تقبل فيها التسوية بشروط يحددها القانون ، والدراسة تلقي نظرة موجزة على مزايا التسوية الصلحية الضريبية.
المؤشرات الكمية لتقويم كفاءة الاداء مستشفى النجف التعليمي حالة دراسية
Authors: محمد فؤاد عبد الله
Published: August 2022

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة وبيان نتائج تقويم الأداء لمستشفى النجف التعليمي ، كمؤشرات كمية وطبقاً لمعايير محلية وعالمية ، وأهمية الاستعمال الوظيفي والمكاني ، لارتباطه بحياة السكان ، لذا فأهمية ومستوى هذه الخدمة ، يعبر عن أهمية الدور الوظيفي الذي تقوم به ..
تطبيق عناصر الجوده الشاملة في القطاع الفندقي دراسة ميدانية في شركة فندق بابل
Authors: ابو حمد رضا صاحب , الحميري عباس جواد , جواد رحاب حسين
Published: August 2022

يشغل موضوع الجودة مكان الصدارة في الخطط الاستراتيجية لاي منظمة اعمال خدمية بوصفها احدى اهم الاسبقيات التنافسية بسبب تنافس في سبيل الوصول الى اكبر شريحة ممكنة من الزبائن لذا وجب الاعداد والتهيئة للجودة وهذا امر يجتاج الى جهد وعناء وامكانيات وكفاءات وخبرات في مجالات متنوعة اذا المشكلة هي كيفية التعامل مع ادارة الجودة لاجل تطبيق هذه الجودة الشاملة في القطاع الخدمي السياحي الفندقي وذلك عن طريق تحسين عملية الخدمة الفندقية وتحقيق رضا الزبون.
ابن خفاجه الاندلسي ناثرا
Authors: ابراهيم خليل عبد الساده
Published: August 2022

مال كثير من الشعراء العرب الى الجمع بين المنظوم والمنثور فتردّد في نثر كثير منهم صدى قرائحهم وملامح فنهم الشعري وكانهم بذلك يريدون ان يظهروا تفوقهم في فني الكلام الشعر والنثر وانهم امراء الكلام او انهم يحاولون بذلك جلب انتباه المتلقي ودفع السام عنه بما يجعله يشعر باللذة الفنية وذلك بايراد مات يجمل به قطعته النثرية ويزينها مما يجعله مشاركا له فيما يقول اذ ان الجمال هو وسيلة الفنان لاثارة الانفعال الذي يضمن للاديب مشاركة المتلقي .
الطبيعة القانونية للصلح في النطاق الإداري-دراسة مقارنة
Authors: الحسيني صادق , محمد علي زينب
Published: August 2022

الصلح هو عقد ينهي بموجبه عاقداه نزاعا قائما او يتوقيان به نزاعا محتملا عن طريق التنازلات المتبادلة ، وهذا التعريف المدني للصلح اقره الفقه لعقد الصلح الاداري ، اذ يعد الصلح الاداري ضرورياً لحل المنازعات الادارية نظرا لما يتسم به من سرعة في حل المنازعات و لما يؤدي اليه من تحسين العلاقة بين الادارة والمواطنين وتوفير في النفقات العامة ، والصلح قد يكون قضائيا وقد يكون غير قضائي، هذا وقد استقر القضاء الاداري في فرنسا على ان عقد الصلح المبرم من قبل الادارة في مجال الحقوق الذاتية الموضوعية يعد عقدا اداريا اذا كان موضوعه ما يدخل في نطاق اختصاص القضاء الاداري، ولكن اذا تم تكييفه كعقد اداري فانه يعد من قبيل العقود التي لايمكن للإدارة ان تعمل في معرضها سلطاتها المعروفة في اطار العقود الادارية ، وذلك في سبيل المحافظة على الامن القانوني لمثل هذا النمط من العقود.
روّاد مركز مشغرى العلمي في جبل عامل دراسة تاريخية في جذور الحراك العلمي العاملي والصلات العلمية
Authors: الصراف علي
Published: August 2022

ارتبط مركز مشغرى ونهوضه مع أسرة آل الحر العلمية العاملية فيه؛ فمع نهوضهم بأعباء العلم في وقت متأخر من زمن الحراك العلمي العاملي عند الإمامية نهضت مشغرى آخر المراكز العلمية العاملية. ويحاول البحث من خلال أساليب التحليل التاريخي وتحليل النص الكشف عن جذور التشيع في جبل عامل وأهم النظريات فيه ثم فهم إرهاصات تغلغل الفكر الإمامي في جبل عامل والمراكز العلمية فيه قبل مركز مشغرى وصولاً بجذور الحراك العلمي في مشغرى. وقد نشأ وتطوّر مركز مشغرى نشأة دينية شرعية. وامتاز مشغرى بصبغة إخبارية في إشارة إلى عودة التمسك بالأخبار كخطوة تصحيحية كانت سمة ذلك العصر.
إسماعيل الأزهري ودوره في مؤتمر الخريجين (1938- 1942)
Authors: الخفاجي احمد , سالم تحسين
Published: August 2022

يعد مؤتمر الخريجين العام في السودان الذي تأسيس عام 1938م, المتكون من مجموعة من المتعلمين السودانيين وكان في مقدمتهم اسماعيل الأزهري الذي كان له الدور الكبير في تأسيس وقيادة مؤتمر الخريجين بسبب شخصيته التي يمتاز بها.

ومر المؤتمر بمرحلة مهمة من تاريخ السودان ومؤتمر الخريجين خاصة, وهو الانقسام السياسي والطائفية التي بلغت  ذروتها  بين أعضاء مؤتمر الخريجين , بالرغم من سعي الأزهري الذي  كان في حينها رئيساً لمؤتمر الخريجين , الذي أعطي له نوعاً من الاستقرار والتوزان إذ لم يكن الأزهري خلال هذه المدة يميل إلى جهة على حساب اخرى . وهذا اعطى مقبولية لدى أغلب أعضاء في مؤتمر الخريجين العام.
تداعي الحروف في الحديث النبوي الشريف
Authors: جاسم فلاح
Published: August 2022

درس الدكتور حسن الحكيم ثقافة المستشرقين ومدى فهمهم للنص الاسلامي، واشار الى ضرورة وضع النصوص القرآنية والحديثية والتاريخية موضع التحليل والتدقيق بعيداً عن التبشير والغايات السياسية واهدافها، وذكر بعض تخبطات المستشرقين في الدراسات القرآنية مثل (ظاهرة الوحي).

وبين الحكيم اهم الدراسات العالمية التي تناولت شخصية الرسول محمد (ص) وسيرته العطرة وقسمها الى قسمين: الدراسات المحايدة والثاني: الدراسات المعادية، وتناول الحكيم الحضارة العربية الاسلامية في الدراسات والابحاث الاستشراقية التي اخذت حيزاً كبيراً في التراث الاسلامي، كما اعطى صورة مهمة للدراسات الاستشراقية والبحوث التي تناولت مدينتا النجف الاشرف والكوفة لما يشغلان عمقاً مهماً في التاريخ الإسلامي.
المعاهده الدولية كطريق لوضع الدستور في ضوء قانون ادارة الدولة العراقية للمرحلة الانتقالية
Authors: البصيصي صلاح جبير
Published: August 2022

ينشأ الدستور بطريقين، الاولى ديمقراطية والاخرى غير ديمقراطية، ويذهب بعض علماء فقه القانون الى القول أن هناك طريقة ثالثة، وهي ان الدستور ينشأ عن طريق معاهدة دولية – وهذه القضية هي مشار البحث هنا – الذي يتطلب بيان هذه الطريقة من اجل الحكم عليها بكونها طريقة ديمقراطية أم غير ديمقراطية في خلق القواعد الدستورية، وانما يجري كل ذلك في ضوء دراسة قانون ادارة العراق للمرحلة الانتقالية، اذ تظهر الحاجة ملحة الى ذلك في مثل هذه المرحلة الصعبة التي يمر بها العراق وما يحيط به مخاطر اقليمية وداخلية.