bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORAL HEALTH;
Authors: Memon Sarwat , Memon Hina
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Pregnancy is a high risk factor not only for the mother but for the fetus as well. Certain oral changes especially bleeding gums, loosening of teeth, bad breath altered taste etc  occurs secondary to factors like hormonal changes, lack of oral hygiene maintenance, diet, failure to visit dentist despite of having problems. Now a day along with that some other serious issues like low birth weight, pre-term labour, pre- eclampsia and certain oral infections have also been noticed. A study was conducted to evaluate the knowledge of pregnant patients regarding their oral health status, issues and the complications reported to the fetus so that necessary measures could be taken in addition to antenatal care for the health and benefit of mother and the fetus. Objectives: Assess the general and oral health status of expectant mothers along with their knowledge regarding the associated complications to fetus. Study Design: Random cross - sectional study design. Setting: Isra University Hospital. Period: August 2017 to January 2018. Methodology: A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the general and oral health status of expectant mothers along with their knowledge regarding the associated complications to fetus. Collected data was statistically analysed by using spss version 17. Conclusion: This study provided an invaluable awareness regarding knowledge of pregnant females. Majority of them were poorly educated, did not know even about simple methods of oral hygiene maintenance, refused to visit dentists rather of having problems and above all were completely unaware about the possible risks and hazards to their baby secondary to oral health issues. Thus it was felt deemed necessary to aware and educate expectant mothers regarding routine oral checkup during antenatal period.
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA;
Authors: Sardar Kashif , Saleem Sufyan , Javed Nasir
Published: January 2019

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two different diseases that may coexist within an individual and is known as overlap syndrome. Treatment of choice for overlap patients is CPAP along with supplemental oxygen for correction of upper airway obstructive episodes and hypoxemia during sleep, which is different from the treatment of COPD or OSA alone so detection of these cases is important for proper management of these patients. Objectives: To find out the frequency of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with COPD. Study Design: Cross section study. Setting: Department of Pulmonology Multan Medical and Dental College; Tertiary care hospital. Period: Six months from July to Dec 2017. Materials & Methods: 151 consecutive patients with diagnosed COPD attending our Pulmonology Outpatient Department and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. All the patients were asked questions from Berlin Sleep Questionnaire and categorized into high or low likelihood for having OSA. Overnight polysomnography was done in those with high likelihood to confirm the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. Results: There were 151 patients. Males were 125 (82.8%) whereas females were 26 (17.2%). Mean age of all patients was 54.49+10.33 years. Mean values for height and weight were 160.9+1.05cm and 62.33+1.39kg respectively. Mean BMI was 24.13+5. Mean for number of smoking pack years was 16.45+7.22. We found 16 patients (10.5%) to have OSA. Conclusion: Frequency of OSA in COPD patients is high and needs special attention while managing these patients. This can be achieved by routine use of screening questionnaires and by conducting polysomnography where indicated.
MEDICOLEGAL CERTIFICATE;
Authors: Hassan Syed Shah , Munir Suleri Khalid , Karim Abid , Sherazi Sarah , Zunnoor Syed Ahmad , Hussain Mujahid , Masood us Syed Sahibzada Syed , Ajmal Zeeshan , Ajmal Zainab
Published: January 2019

Objectives: To know the association between reporting of Qisas and Diyat Laws and elements in medicolegal certificates (MLCs)against injuries in children. Study Design: Retrospective cross sectional. Setting: Two DHQ and 2 THQ level hospitals in Sialkot, Pakistan. Period: January-March 2015. Method: The MLCs (issued from 1st January through 31st December 2014) were segregated on the basis of history of the cases. All the certificates of each history were reviewed for the criminal law reporting. The inclusion criteria (i.e. at least one MLC with law reporting) meeting histories were included in the study. The MLCs on history of fight were kept in group A while that of other histories in B. The data was subjected to SPSS for analysis of the variables. Results: Incidence rate of law reporting was found as 50.4% in the pooled data. Only 160 (71.1%) or 54 (43.2%) cases of group A or B were certified according to the Qisas and Diyat Laws, respectively. On the average, higher reporting rate was observed in group A and Bfrom July through November, 2014 (45.3 and 44.5%, respectively). The law certification had insignificant association with none of the elements in MLC except age in group A with more likelihood for a 10-18 years old child (RR = 1.69; 1.060-2.693; p = .04). Subsections 337-F1 (Ghayr Jaifah Damiyah) and 337-L2were frequently reported in almost all the histories of cases. Conclusion: Most of the MLCs on fight were certified according to the Qisas and Diyat Laws. Moreover, measures by authorities are needed to limit the incidences ofinjuries in children.
PTERYGIUM;
Authors: Hussain Arif , Shaukat Qundeel , Mahmood Nasir
Published: January 2019

Objectives: To compare graft stability, patient discomfort and surgical time between autologus blood and sutures for autologus conjunctival graft adherence in pterygium surgery. Study Design: Prospective interventional study. Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Pak Red Crescent Medical and Dental College, Dina Nath. Period: January 2017 to December 2017. Materials and Methods: Fifty eyes of fifty patients requiring pterygium surgery were enrolled. The patients were divided in two groups (A and B). Under peribulbar anesthesia pterygium was excised in all patients. Bare sclera was covered with conjuctival autograft using autologus blood as adhesive agentin Group A while in Group B conjuctival autograft was fixed with 10/0 Nylon sutures. The patients were examined postoperatively on day 1, day 7, day 14 and day 30. The groups were compared in terms of surgical time, graft displacement and patient discomfort. Results: Mean surgical time was (20.96 ±2.05 minutes) in Group A and (30.04±3.38 minutes) in Group B. There was nasal displacement of conjunctival autograft in 3 (12%) of patients on 1stpost-operative day in Group A whereas no graft displacement was seen in any case of Group B. Level of patient discomfort measured on visual analogue scale in Group A was (0.56 ± 0.92 on day 1, 0.40 ± 0.71 on day 7, 0.04 ± 0.20 on day 14 and 0 ± 0 on day 30). In Group B level of patient discomfort was (3.92 ± 1.12 on day1, 1.24 ± 1.09 on day 7, 0.12 ± 0.33 on day 14 and0 ±0 on day 30). Conclusions: The use of autologus blood to affix the conjuctival autograft in pterygium surgery is a reliable method. It is associated with less patient discomfort post operatively and requires shorter surgical time, as compared to conjunctival autograft with sutures.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY;
Authors: Shaheer Muhammad , Amjad Arooj , Rafique Asima
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT:

PURPOSE:

To study the changes in Ganglion Cell Complex as measured on OCT after

phacoemulsification with intra ocular lens implantation.

STUDY DESIGN:

Quasi experimental study

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY:

Department of Ophthalmology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore from 1-3-2017 to 30-4-2018

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Ethical approval of the study was obtained from ‘’Ethical Review Committee’’ of Lahore General

Hospital, Lahore. Patients presenting to the Eye OPD Lahore General Hospital were assessed for

inclusion and exclusion criteria. All patients (n=64) diagnosed with cataract requiring surgery

were included in study. Patients having any coexisting ocular pathology hindering the OCT

measurement i.e. Corneal opacity, Vitreous hemorrhage, Retinal detachment were excluded

from study. Retinal Ganglion Cell Complex thickness was measured in Superior, Inferior,

Supero-Nasal, Supero-Temporal, Infero-Nasal and Infero-Temporal quadrants. Besides that

Signal Strength on OCT was also documented. Pre-Operatively, Visual acuity was measured and

OCT performed and the findings were recorded on a designed proforma. Post-Operatively, the

patients were called for follow-up after one month at which time Visual acuity was again

measured and OCT performed and findings recorded in the proforma. All the surgeries were

performed by single surgeon.

RESULTS:

The thickness of Ganglion Cell Complex increased significantly (p<0.001) one month after

cataract surgery.

CONCLUSION:

Cataract surgery does affect the measurement of Retinal Ganglion Cell Complex thickness on

OCT.
Energy interpretation of solar radiation affects for Artemisa province
Authors: Noa Alixandra Perez , Perez Antonio Vazquez , Hechavarria Javier Moreno , Santos Raynel Diaz
Published: January 2019

Solar energy is one of the renewable sources with the best prospects for the future, which can have used directly in two fundamental ways: thermal energy and photovoltaic solar energy. Photovoltaic systems are a viable alternative to diversify the energy base worldwide, being able to inject electrical energy into the grid. The work shows the study of the energy interpretation of solar radiation that affects the province of Artemisa, for its possible use in the generation of electricity, based on the introduction of photovoltaic systems connected to the electricity grid. A theoretical analysis is made about the solar potential and the influence of the climatic variables in the use of it, the territory of the Artemisa province is characterized, where the solar radiation for the generation of electricity is valued, the energy impact is evaluated. Derives from the use of solar radiation that affects the territory to generate electrical energy.
Constructing assessment instrument models for teacher’s performance, welfare and education quality
Authors: Maba Wayan , Perdata Ida Bagus Ketut , Astawa I Nengah
Published: January 2019

The prime objective of this research is to design teacher performance assessment instrument model, teacher welfare instrument model, and instrument model of education quality improvement. To achieve these objectives needs analysis, potential field analysis, and other supporting analyzes were performed. The final product or outcome of this research is a set of assessment instrument models for teachers’ performance, teachers’ welfare, and educational quality improvement. The study was designed for two years adopting the Research and Development theory employing 4D model consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The first year designated as a phase of Define and Design, aims to design a draft of the assessment instrument models. The second year, the activity was focused on the refinement of the final draft of the assessment instrument models for teacher performance, teachers’ welfare, and quality of education outcomes through focus group discussion (FGD) with the selected teachers, principals and school supervisors. The final research result is a set of valid assessment models of teachers’ performance, teachers’ welfare, and quality improvement of education.
Writing English language test items as a learning device: a principle of habit formation rules
Authors: Astawa I Nengah , Handayani Nengah Dwi , Mantra Ida Bagus Nyoman , Wardana I Ketut
Published: January 2019

The present study aims to uncover how valid and reliable the multiple-choice test items as learning device are and their effect on permanent language habit formation. In this pretest-posttest one group pre-experiment study, we observed and analyzed the English test constructed by junior high school teachers. The Pretest on constructing the test items was administered to fifteen English teachers and some weaknesses were revealed. These can be seen from the total score of 855 and the mean score was 57.00.  Treatment was given by ensuring them the rules of writing the test based on a principle of habit formation. The competence of teachers in constructing appropriate test items increased to higher quality indicated by scores of 79.33. It means the treatment has significantly influenced the ability of English teachers in constructing appropriate tests. The tests were tried out to 40 students of Junior High School and the result showed that 63 test items were valid and 37 was invalid. The fifty-valid test was administered to the students of different Junior High School and the result showed that the mean score was 72.53. 21 students from 40 students passed the minimum rank and 19 students still needed improving. The highest score was 95 and the lowest one was 26. The medium was 78 and the mode was 53. After measuring the reliability level, the standard deviation ranged 0.50 – 1.00, meaning that the test was appropriate to be applied as measuring device. The valid test was then reconstructed to be raw material of software module.
Implementation of communication ethics in building social harmony
Authors: Aryani Ni Luh
Published: January 2019

This research is intended to study the implementation of communication ethics in building social harmony at Banjar (Balinese community) Dharma Santhi, Labuapi Subdistrict, West Lombok Regency. This research is designed in the form of descriptive qualitative research by using case study model on social phenomenon of religion in that location. With regard to it in order to realize a harmonious religious social life one of the supporting factors is the ethics that needs to be applied in communicating, both interpersonal communication and group communication in activities related to the implementation of Hinduism. The implementation of communication ethics used as the basis of religious social life in Banjar Dharma Santhi relates to the application of the teaching of tri kaya parisudha (three things to be sanctified), especially the aspect of wacika parisudha (talking good and true). Application of communication ethics based on the teachings of Hinduism can realize a good communication, especially related to the implementation of religious life conducted by the people who are in Banjar Dharma Santhi. Communication in accordance with the teachings of wicika parisudha implemented by Hindus in the location can realize social relationships with fellow Hindus in religious ritual activities. The application of wacika parisudha teachings can also be a basis for communicating with the general public to realize harmony in religious social life.
An Advanced Simple Method for Generating Synthetic Average Instant Hourly Solar Energy
Authors: Coskun Can , Oktay Zuhal
Published: January 2019

The main objective of this study is to generate accurate synthetic hourly solar radiation data by using an easily accessible open source data. In this regard, a new approach is proposed for estimation of synthetic hourly global solar radiation during the day by utilizing only annual solar energy data. First time in literature, a model has been developed for prediction hourly and daily solar radiation based on annual solar energy parameter in this study. Parameters of the model were generated and tested for Turkey and one of them was presented as a case study within this paper. Long term measured hourly horizontal solar irradiance data from a network of Turkish meteorological stations was used to calibrate the model function. The predictions are compared with the solar data available in literature for Turkey. The advanced simple new model is utilized in open source computer program and has the potential to be adapted to other countries.
Lilium regale (Liliaceae) naturalizada en la Argentina y nuevos registros para Brasil austral
Authors: Hurrel Julio A. , Delucchi Gustavo , Keller Héctor A.
Published: January 2019

En este estudio se cita por primera vez a Lilium regale (Liliaceae) como especie naturalizada en Misiones, Argentina, y se suman nuevos registros para el sur de Brasil. Seincluye: descripción de la especie, sinonimia, iconografía, distribución, fenología, polinización, dispersión, nombres vernáculos, usos, materiales de referencia y comentarios sobre su naturalización. Además, se presenta una clave para diferenciar L. regale de L. longiflorum, la otra especie de Liliaceae naturalizada en la Argentina
Stability analysis for yield and its attributing traits in advanced breeding lines of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)
Authors: Girish G. , Kiran S. B. , Lokesh R. , Vikas Vikas , Kulkarni V. , Rachappa V. , Yogesh L. N. , Talwar A. M.
Published: January 2019

An experiment was carried out involving twenty three advanced breeding lines along with two checks M 35-1 and Muguthi during rabi season 2012-13 at four locations. Observations were recorded on 10 different characters viz., plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), ear head length (cm), ear head diameter (cm), days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, 100 seed weight (g), fodder yield per plot (kg), seed yield per plot (kg), and lodging percentage. The pooled analysis of variance revealed that mean sum of squares due to genotypes was significant for ear head diameter, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity and fodder yield, indicating presence of considerable amount of variability in the genotypes. The mean sum of square due to environment + (genotypes x environment) was significant for plant height, ear head length (cm), ear head diameter (cm), days to 50 per cent flowering, fodder yield per plot (kg), seed yield per plot (kg), and lodging percentage characters except stem diameter, days to maturity and 100 seed yield. On the basis of stability parameters a four genotypes viz., GS-6 (2364 kg/ha), GS-16 (2454 kg/ha), GS-22(2775 kg/ha) and GS-23(2978 kg/ha) were found most stable over Gulbarga, Raichur, Bellary and Malnoor environments of Hyderabad Karnataka region.
Evaluation of antifungal activity of seaweed extract (Turbinaria conoides) against Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Begum M. Ameer Junaithal , Selvaraju P. , Vijayakumar A.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the study was to determine the anti fungal activity of seaweed (Turbinaria conoides) extract against root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Seaweed extract was prepared from the species T. conoides collected from Rameswaram coastal area of Tamil Nadu during December was used for this study. Different concentrations of the extract viz., 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % was evaluated for their antifungal activity against F. oxysporum using poisoned food technique along with control and carbendazim (0.2 %) as check. No mycelial growth (0 cm) was observed in 15 % and 20 % sea weed extract weed extract treated plates even after 6 days ofincubation. Though the visible inhibition of mycelial growth was noticed in all the concentrations, the increased concentration of 15 and 20 % had shown 100 % inhibition. So, the lower concentration of 15 % can be best in controlling the F. oxysporum fungi. GC-MS analysis of seaweed extract showing the presence of several antimicrobial compounds in seaweeds may be the reason for such inhibition.
Variation in soluble extractives, lignin and holocellulose content of wood of different provenances of Tectona grandis L.
Authors: Meena R. K. , Nimkar A. U.
Published: January 2019

The present studies were conducted on variation in soluble extractives, lignin and holocellulose content of wood of different provenances of Tectona grandis. The data on cold and hot water solubility, alcohol-benzene solubility, lignin and holocellulose content of wood exhibited significant variation in different provenances of Teak. Among different selected provenances, the highest cold water solubility [16.43% (4.05)] and hot water solubility [19.56% (4.42)] was recorded in APNPL-10 and lowest was recorded in ORPLM-1 [6.34% (2.52)] and [8.34% (2.89)], respectively. Maximum percentage of alcohol-benzene solubility was observed in KLN-2 [17.64% (4.20)] andminimum per cent was recorded in MHSC-J1 [7.13% (2.67)]. Maximum percentage of lignin [39.00 % (38.64)] and holocellulose (76.53%) content was noticed in ORANP-6 and APT-11, respectively. whereas, minimum percentage of lignin 20.83% (27.15) and holocellulose (64.20%) content were found in TNT-10 and APT-20, respectively. Thestudy would help to utilize the findings and developing future strategies for screening the provenances of Tectona grandis.
Constraints analysis in adoption of best farm practices towards sequestration of greenhouse gases
Authors: Mukteshawar Rati , Seharawat P. S.
Published: January 2019

The aim of this paper is to find out the major losses due to emission of green house gases (GHGs) and investigate the major constraints that are responsible for non-adoption of best farming practices to minimize the emission of GHG in agricultural sectors in Haryana state. The study was conducted in two districts of Haryana state namely; Hisar and Karnal. A total number of 120 farmers were interviewed to analyze the constraints in adoption of best farm practices towards sequestration of GHGs and losses occurred. The study resulted that very serious losses occurred due to greenhouse gases were found crop benefit ratio decreased with mean score of 1.23, crop damaged due to adverse climatic uncertainty (1.07), crop production decreased (0.89), sowing season changed (0.86), loss in bio-diversity (0.84), less income earned from agriculture (0.81), soil water holding capacity decreased (0.68). The other serious losses perceived due to emission of GHGs were deeper level of ground water table (0.31), cropping pattern and cropping system changed (0.28), high usages of inorganic fertilizers (0.23), soil fertility decreases (0.13). While the constraints that were found responsible in non-adoption of best farming practices towards sequestration of GHGs were noticed as non- availability of package of practices (96.11%), lack of awareness about health risk in humans (94.72%), no reward for adoption of environmental measures (93.05%), lack of demonstration/training for reducing GHG emission (91.11%), less credibility in farm practices (90%) were major problems observed in adoption of farm practices.
Phosphate solubilizing activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens PSM1 isolated from wheat rhizosphere
Authors: Yadav Anurag , Yadav Kusum , Vashistha Anupam
Published: January 2019

A study was designed to screen and analyze the efficient phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSBs) from wheat rhizosphere. Five biovars of Pseudomonas fluorescens (PSM1, PSM2, PSM3, PSM4 and PSM5) were isolated from wheat rhizosphere and Bacillus megaterium MTCC 8755 procured from microbial type culture collection (MTCC) Chandigarh, India. The P. fluorescens biovar PSM1 was observed to be most efficient phosphate solubilizer. Inoculation of P. fluorescens PSM1 and B. megaterium MTCC 8755, alone and in combination, caused the highest phosphate solubilization at pH 5. At this pH, maximum phosphate solubilization was observed with B. megaterium MTCC 8755 inoculation (8.2 mg mL-1) on sixth day of incubation with P. fluorescens PSM1 (8 mg mL-1) on seventh day of incubation and with dual bacterial treatment (10.5 mg mL-1) on the fourth day of incubation. A correlation coefficient of linear regression equation of phosphate solubilization with pH indicated that pH value of the medium was directly correlated with tricalcium phosphate solubilization. The study will help in choosing soil pH specific PSB inoculant for optimizing plant growth.
Effect of climate change in Meghalaya as perceived by the scientists of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Meghalaya, India
Authors: Maisnam Guneshori , Nongtdu Deimayami , Rangad Lewotki
Published: January 2019

A study was conducted to assess the adverse effect of climate change as perceived by the scientists of Krishi Vigyan Kendra,Megahlaya. Data were collected from 25 scientists by questionnaire method in the month of October,2012 to January,2013. For this purpose five important components viz. Environment, Hill agriculture and allied, Human and animal health, Forest and wildlife and Hydrology and water resources were identified and presented to the scientists in pairs, in 10 possible combinations, and the scientists were requested to select one component from each pair separately which would be more adversely affected, than the other component due to climate change. For analysis of data the method of Paired Comparisons was followed.It was found that due to climate change Hill agriculture and allied may be severely damaged with highest scale value of 1.513 followed by hydrology and water resources(0.629),environment(0.418),forest and wildlife(0.029) and least affected component is Human and animal health(0.00).The findings revealed that Hill agriculture will be most adversely affected due to climate change in Meghalaya.One of the main reason is practising of jhum cultivation. Therefore,the scientists and the government of Meghalaya may adopt some necessary steps for controlling jhum cultivation
Variability and trend analysis of rainfall data of Jhalawar district of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh Bhim
Published: January 2019

An attempt has been made to study the variability and trends of annual and seasonal rainfall for the period of 38 years (1973-2010) for all seven tehsils of Jhalawar district of Rajasthan. The mean annual rainfall of the district was found to 910 mm with standard deviation 218 mm and coefficient of variation 24 per cent. Annual rainfall varied from about 831 mm in Khanpur to more than 1022 mm in the Pirawa tehsil of the district. The annual rainfall showed declined trend (-0.23 to -17.41 mm/year) in all seven tehsils of the district. The negative trends at Pirawa (17.407 mm/year), Manoharthana (11.595 mm/year) and Aklera (5.789 mm/year) are statistically significant at less than 0.001, 0.05 and 0.05 levels, respectively. During the study period maximum dry period was recorded during postmonsoon and winter. Also, for the entire 38 years period maximum dry months were recorded during December till April. August was normal month for about 87 per cent followed by July and June for about 84 per cent and 66 per cent respectively. It was evident that the onset of south-west (SW) monsoon took place in the month of June and chancesof drought occurrence during kharif season were very low. Hence, SW monsoon rainfall is found ideal for raising kharif crops like soybeans, urd, moong, jowar, maize, tomato, brinjal, chilli, okra, kharif onion, amaranth, rainfed green gram, red gram, castor, etc in the district.
Quantitative changes in phytochemicals in tomato plant due to application of resistance inducing chemicals and their role in inhibition of early blight pathogen Alternaria alternata
Authors: Raut S. A. , Borkar S. G.
Published: January 2019

Phytochemicals viz. soluble protein, reducing sugar and phenols were quantified from tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) leaves after application of resistance inducing chemicals viz. salicylic acid, ?-aminobutyric acid, chitosan and 2,6- dichloroisonicotinic acid as 8 hr seed dip treatment or 2 hr seedling dip treatment or both treatment to study their effect on induction of resistance and inhibition of growth of pathogen. Soluble proteins and phenols were found maximum due to seed+seedling treatment of salicylic acid @ 1.5 mM concentration with 76.90 per cent and 102.68 per cent increase over control whereas reducing sugar was maximum for seed+seedling treatment of ?-aminobutyric acid @ 15.0 mM concentration with 61.38 per cent increase over control. The increased level of protein quantity had no effect on inhibition of Alternaria alternata growth, whereas the increased quantity of sugar inhibited the average growth of Alternaria up to 19.39 per cent. Among phenolic compounds catechol and the cinnamic acid (formed in shikimic acid pathway of phenol biosynthesis) was inhibitory to the A. alternata whereas tannic acid hadsome effect on inhibition of Alternaria growth (13.84 % fungal growth inhibition). The increased level of sugar+phenol tested against the pathogen completely inhibited the growth of Alternaria fungus. Thus, the increased level of reducing sugar and phenol in tomato leaves due to the application of resistance inducing chemicals seemsto be inhibitory to the pathogens multiplication and pathogenesis.
A linear model for leaf area measurement to screen potential leaf material for herbal drug in Adhatoda vasica L.
Authors: Thaker J. V. , Kuvad R. P. , Thaker V. S.
Published: January 2019

Leaf area is an important parameter in physiology and agronomy studies. Linear models for leaf area measurement are developed for plant species as a nondestructive method. The plant Adhatoda vasica L. (a medicinal plant) was selected and the leaves of this plant were used for development of linear model for leaf area using Leaf Area Meter (LAM) software. Planimetric parameters (length, length2, width and width2) and gravimetric (dry weight and water content) parameters are considered for the development of linear model for this plant species. Single factor ANOVA and linear correlations were worked out using these parameters and leaf area. The plant was showed significant relationship with the parameters studied. The best correlation as represented by regression coefficient (R2) was used and improved R2 is worked out. It is observed that with increase in leaf area, water content is also increased and showed best correlation with the leaf area. Thus water content can be taken as a parameter for developing linear model for leaf area is concluded.
Pollen morphology in two Urgineoid species of Drimia (Baker) Jessop
Authors: Prathima P. , Kameshwari M. N. Shiva , Nijagunaiah R.
Published: January 2019

Pollen grains of eight accessions of Urginea indica (Roxb) Kunth. and two accessions of Urgineawightii (Wight) Lakshmin. were examined by Light microscopy and Scanning electron microscopy. Detailed pollen morphological characters are given for these accessions. Our investigation revealed several variations in pollen size, exine ornamentation among the accessions of U. indica (Roxb) Kunth. and U. wightii (Wight) Lakshmin. The study confirmed that the exine sculpting provides valuable characters for separating the species of Urginea. Reticulate ornamentation of the exine was observed in the accessions of U. indica complex and perforated exineornamentation in accessions of U. wightii complex. Minor variations with regard to measurements of dimensions in size, shape and ornamentation were also observed in accessions of U. indica and U. wightii . Pollen fertility analysis revealed highest percentage fertility in Sitampoondi accession of U. indica complex and Gulbargha accession of U. wightii complex but in most of the accessions seed setting is not observed in natural conditions. Pollen germination studies revealed highest germination rate in Brew Baker’s and Kwack medium supplemented with 25% sucrose concentration for Urginea pollen.
Impact of cropping systems on physico-chemical characteristics of surface water during different seasons in Shimla region of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Chauhan Aakriti , Verma S. C. , Bhardwaj S. K. , Sharma Uday , Gupta Rakesh Kumar , Sharma Rajnish
Published: January 2019

The present investigations were carried out in the year 2014 with an objective to find out the impact of different cropping systems on nearby surface water resources in Shimla region of Himachal Pradesh. The aim of the study was to monitor the surface water bodies for pollution caused by nearby cropping systems in the Shimla area. In this study fruit, fruit + vegetable, vegetable and cereal based cropping systems were selected along with control (uncultivated land) and sampling was done during winter, summer and rainy seasons. The estimated water quality parameters revealed very less organic pollution and pH values were within the BIS prescribed limits of 6.5-8.5. Under vegetable based cropping system EC (500.23 µS cm?1), TDS (329.17 mg/l), BOD (1.48 mg/l), COD (31.09 mg/l), Cl- (25.66 mg/l), Ca (75.59 mg/l) and Mg (11.14 mg/l) were in high concentration, whereas No3- content were high under fruit + vegetable based cropping system. DO were maximum (8.61mg/l) under uncultivated land. Calcium and COD were high in some samples, which could be from anthropogenic sources, rest of the parameters were within the desirable limits prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The experimental data were statistically analysed through Analysis of variance (two way classification of data) indicated positive correlation among most of the physical and chemical parameters. Study reveals that cropping systems as well as seasonal changes has affected the water quality. The study carried out for water quality parameters, revealed the correlation of each parameter with one another under different cropping systems.
Heterosis studies in rice for the identification of better hybrids for Telangana, India
Authors: Srijan A. , Kumar S. Sudheer , Raju Ch. Damodar , Jagadeeshwar R.
Published: January 2019

In the present study, 23 elite rice genotypes were test crossed with IR 58025A and based on which, 12 restorer lines viz., Rajendra, MTU 1010, IR 64, KNM 118, NLR 33358, Satya, Varalu, RNR 15048, RNR 15038, Tel- lahamsa, RNR(RK) 28 and RNR(RK) 53 were identified during Kharif- Rabi 2013-14. Then, three CMS lines viz., IR 58025A, IR 68902A and IR 72081A were crossed with these identified 12 restorer lines to produce 36 hybrids in line × tester mating design and were evaluated along with standard hybrid check, PA 6129 at Rice Research Centre, Rajendranagar, during Kharif 2014 to find out the best heterotic combinations in terms of grain yield and yield component characters. The degree of heterosis varied from trait to trait. Out of 36 hybrids studied, the significant standard heterosis for grain yield is observed in 3 hybrids, over best check PA 6129, viz., IR 58025A × MTU 1010 (18.25), IR 68902A × RNR 15038 (14.59) and IR 72081A × RNR 15038 (9.57). The best experimental hybrid IR58025A × MTU 1010 recorded average heterosis (78.26) and heterobeltiosis (64.37). These three experimental hybrids can be further evaluated over locations for large scale commercialization in Telangana.
Response of different wheat varieties towards Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) seed inoculation
Authors: Pathak Animesh , Chakrabarti S. K. , Das Rajib , Mandal M K.
Published: January 2019

Present investigation was undertaken to utilize Azospirillum and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) to avail atmospheric nitrogen and soluble phosphate in soil for the wheat crop. The sonalika variety (V1) responded best towards seed inoculation by Azospirillum and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) for the character speed of germination which is regarded as very important indicator of seed vigour. Germination percentage for untreated control was 86.6% after one month of storage and found to be reduced to 76.67% after three month of storage but for treated Azospirillum in case of sonalika it was retained at 83.33%. V1T1, V2T1 and V3T1 recorded improved germination even after six month of storage. The seedling characters like shoot and root length was greatly improved with T1 and T2 for almost the varieties included in this programme. The character vigour index greatly enhanced in case of V1T1, V1T2, V3T1 and V3T2 after one month and six months of storage. This work reported utilization of Azospirillum and PSB as seed inoculation for wheat varieties to enhance seed storability and seedling growth parameter. It can be concluded that, Azospirillum and PSB seed inoculation can be recommended for wheat for better seedling growth storability of seed.
Effect of rib roughness pitch on thermal and thermo-hydraulic performance of a solar air heater roughened artificially with arc rib having gap
Authors: Hans V. S. , Gill R. S. , Singh Rupinderpal
Published: January 2019

This experimental study on a solar air heater having absorber plate roughened artificially by providing roughness in the form of arc ribs having gap was carried out in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to study the effect of relative roughness pitch on thermal and thermohydraulic performance as well as to compare the performance of arc rib with gap roughened solar air heater with that of continuous arc rib roughened solar air heater. The roughness geometry parameters included relative roughness height of 0.043, angle of attack of 30 degree, relative gap position of 0.80, gap-width equal to the width of the rib and five values of relative roughness pitch ranging from 4 to 12 for flow Reynolds number range of 2000 to 16,000. The Nusselt number and friction factor were found to be more for relative roughness pitch value of 10 as compared to other values of relative roughness pitch. Thermo-hydraulic performance of solar air heaters roughened by arc with gap and continuous arc roughness geometries were found to be 1.91 times and 1.78 times respectively as compared to that of solar air heater having smooth absorber plate due to generation of turbulence in laminar sublayer region. However, improvement in thermo-hydraulic performance of solar air heater roughened by arc with gap geometry over continuous arc rib roughened solar air heater was attributed to generation of a region of turbulence on downstream side of the gap.
Study on interventions to reduce vibration transmission to power tiller operator
Authors: Chaturvedi Varun , Kumar Adarsh , Mishra I. M. , Singh J. K. , Sahoo R. N. , Jha G. K. , Lal S. B.
Published: January 2019

Present study focuses on interventions to reduce vibration transmitted to power tiller operator. In this study two operations (namely: standing mode and transportation) and three forward speeds (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kmh-1) were selected. In both selected operations vibration magnitudes were maximum at 2.0 kmh-1. In the standing mode vibration magnitudes in x, y and z direction were 5.83, 1.37 and 2.36 ms -2 at 2.0 kmh-1. In transportation vibration magnitudes were 6.81, 1.49, 2.82 ms-2 respectively in x, y and z direction at 2.0 kmh-1. The selection of vibration isolators were done on the basis of the transmissibility curves and the isolation region. The selected isolators were installed at interface between engine and the chassis. These interventions along with previously developed bush and sheet type interventions reduced vibrations up to 50.24, 69.06 and 59.08 % at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kmh-1 in stationary mode. In transportation vibration reduction were 52.96, 65.98 and 36.67 % at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kmh-1, respectively. The vibration reduction were high in stationary mode than transportation mode because in stationary mode vibration comes only from the engine but in transportation vibration comes from engine and the surface profile as well.
Management of Ashwagandha root rot disease with fungicides, biocontrol agents and botanicals
Authors: Jetawat R. P. S. , Mathur K.
Published: January 2019

The experiment was conducted to study fungicides, biocontrol agents and botanicals for management of ashwagandha root rot disease. Ashwagandha root rot disease caused by two pathogen Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani. In field trial, seed treatments with integration of fungicides, neem cake manure, neem oil and Trichoderma viride agent evaluated as seed treatments individually as well as in different combination of seed treatment and soil application of neem cake was found effective integrated treatment (ST SAAF + neem cake manure + T. viride) and soil application of neem cake manure@500g/plot showed minimum per cent root rot and maximum per cent germination and maximum yield of Ashwagandha as compared to their individual applications over the untreated control.
Effect of integrated nutrient management and spacing on seed quality parameters of black gram cv. Lbg-625 (rashmi)
Authors: Amruta N. , Devaraju P. J. , Mangalagowri Mangalagowri , Kiran S. P. , Ranjitha H. P. , Teli Kalavati
Published: January 2019

A field experiment was conducted to assess the response of nutrient levels and spacing on seed quality attributes of black gram cv. LBG-625 (Rashmi). Experimental results revealed that fertilizer application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- Bacillus megaterium (250 g ha-1) recorded highest test weight (39.27 g), germination (90.60%), root length (15.77 cm), shoot length (13.43 cm), mean seedling length (29.20 cm), mean seedling dry weight (57.99 mg), seedling vigour index-I (2656), seedling vigour index-II (525), total dehydrogenase activity (0.998), protein content (23.16%), field emergence (86.56 %) lowest electrical conductivity (0.813 dSm-1) were superior over other fertilizer treatments. Among the planting geometry 60 x 10 cm recorded more germination per cent (90.48 %) compared to 45 x 10 cm (87.64 %) and 30 x 10 cm (86.91 %). Interaction of nutrient levels and spacing through the application of 50:100:100 + black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cm recorded more mean seedling length (34.40 cm), mean seedling dry weight (58.30 mg),and field emergence (90.24 %) lowest electrical conductivity (0.776 dSm-1) compared to control. The application of 50:100:100 + Black gram rhizobia (250 g ha-1) + PSB- B. megaterium (250 g ha-1) with planting geometry 60 x 10 cm were considered as seed quality improvement approach in blackgram, therefore conjunctive use of inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizer may be suggested for higher seed quality parameters along with overall betterment of crop.
Role of vitamin C against bifenthrin induced oxidative damage in lungs of Wistar rats
Authors: Dar Muneer Ahmad , Raina Rajinder , Mir Arshad Hussain , Verma Pawan Kumar , Ahmad Mahrukh
Published: January 2019

The aim of present study was to unravel the protective role of vitamin C on oxidative stress parameters in lung homogenates of bifenthrin intoxicated rats. Rats were divided into four groups. Group I served as control while group II animals were treated with bifenthrin @ 5.8mg/Kg/day. In group III, vitamin C was orally administered @ 60mg/Kg/day where as group IV received both vitamin C and bifenthrin @ 60mg/Kg/day and 5.8mg/Kg/day respectively. After 30th day of treatment, lung samples were taken and analysed for oxidative stress parameters. Significant (P<0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation was observed from control value of 4.80±0.39 to 7.90±0.50 in bifenthrin treated animals. Mean control values of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were 0.55±0.05, 0.98±0.03 and 138.70±6.01 which were significantly (P<0.05) decreased to values of 0.27±0.0, 0.53±0.05 and 91.10±9.70 respectively in bifenthrin treated animals. The value of GST increased significantly (p<0.05) to 1.05±0.06 in bifenthrin administered animals from control value of 0.70±0.08. Pre-treatment with vitamin C in ameliorative group IV significantly restored the normal values of lipid peroxidation, SOD, GST and CAT but could not reverse the decreased values of GSH-Px. The present research is first of its type where in free radical generation due to bifenthrin –a commonly used insecticide was evaluated in lung homogenates when given orally which might be due to residues present in the lung. Besides it will be helpful in better understanding of toxicological profile of pyrethoids, the most commonly used insecticides.
Genetic analysis of grain yield and its contributing traits for their implications in improvement of bread wheat cultivars
Authors: Kumar Pradeep , Singh Gyanendra , Kumar Sarvan , Kumar Anuj , Ojha Ashish
Published: January 2019

Genetic analysis was carried out in 55 genotypes (10 parents and 45 F1s) through diallel mating design excluding reciprocals in bread wheat. Analysis of variance showed appreciable variability among the breeding material for almost all the traits under study. The highest value of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was found for flag leaf area (PCV=18.82, GCV=17.74), biological yield (PCV=12.98, GCV=11.70), grain yield (PCV=11.90, GCV=10.39) and harvest index (PCV=10.39, GCV=10.05). Highest heritability with highest genetic advance was estimated for flag leaf area (h2=52.24, GA=34.64), biological yield (h2=15.04, GA=21.71), harvest index (h2=18.19, GA=20.01), peduncle length (h2=31.72, GA=15.96) and spikelets per spike (h2=34.92, GA=12.96), therefore selection will be effective based on these traits. Grain yield was found significantly correlated (at <1% level of significance) with productive tillers (gr=0.3283**, pr=0.4347**), spike length (gr=0.1959**, pr=0.2203**), spikelets per spike (gr=0.4342**, pr=0.3813**), grains per spike (gr=0.7188**, pr=0.4918**), biological yield (gr=0.6101**, pr=0.6616**), harvest index (gr=0.3518**, pr=0.3227**) and thousand grain weight (gr=0.5232**, pr=0.3673**). Similarly path coefficient analysis estimates for biological yield (g=1.0524, p=1.0554), harvesting index (g=0.8862, p=0.8291), thousand grain weight (g=0.0588, p=0.0269), grains per spike (g=0.0496, p=0.0074), spike length (g=0.0209, p=0.0289), days to maturity (g=0.0142, p=0.0127), productive tillers (g=0.0186, p=0.0147), peduncle length (g=0.0123, p=0.0157), days to 50% flowering (g=0.0093, p=0.0072) and plant height (g=0.0042, p=0.0020) showed high positive direct effects on grain yield indicating that due importance should be given to these traits during selection for high yield.
Symbiotic characters, thermal requirement, growth, yield and economics of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) genotypes sown at different dates under Punjab conditions
Authors: Singh Guriqbal , Kaur Harpreet , Aggarwal Navneet , Ram Hari , Gill K. K. , Khanna Veena
Published: January 2019

A field experiment was conducted during kharif (rainy season) 2008 and 2009 at research farm of the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, to study the effect of four/three sowing dates (1 May, 15 May, 1 June and 15 June in 2008 and 15 May, 1 June and 15 June in 2009) on the symbiotic characters, thermal requirement, growth, productivity and economics of four pigeonpea genotypes (AL 201, AL 1507, AL 1578 and AL 1593). Days taken to 50% flowering, physiological maturity, and various agroclimatic indices i.e. AGDD, AHTU, APTU and HUE decreased with delay in sowing. The crop sown on 15 May recorded the highest nodule dry weight plant -1. The grain yield was significantly higher for the 15 May sowing compared to the 15 June sowing. During the two years, the crop sown on 15 May registered on average 6.7 and 48.0 percent higher grain yield than the1 June and 15 June sowings, respectively. The crop sown on 15 May gave the maximum gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost (B:C) ratio. Among the genotypes, AL 1507 recorded the highest nodule number plant-1 and AL 1578 recorded the maximum nodule dry weight plant-1.Genotypes AL 1507, AL 1578 and AL 1593 registered on average 19.4, 19.2 and 20.0 percent higher grain yield relative to AL 201, respectively. The genotype AL 1507 in 2008 and AL 1593 in 2009 performed better in terms of heat use efficiency for grain yield.