bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the heritage of Tehran’s urban façades in the recent century
Authors: Khatami Seyed Mahdi , Boujari Pouria
Published: June 2022

Urban façades have been one of the most crucial issues in Iranian urban development and the disorder that has been around in this field reflects the unstable situation of the society. In spite of the clarity of the concept of façade in scientific circles as well as the fact that it has turned into a major concern among urban managers over the last decade, urban façades are still suffering from a severe lack of organization. The reason may be our narrow view of façade which confines it to its physical aspects. To this end, the present study seeks to analyze the architectural heritage of the city of Tehran over the recent century in terms of urban façades in order to develop a map of the way for the future. Thus, by drawing upon grounded theory and in-depth interview with experts, the factors affecting the evolution of urban façades in Tehran during the late Qajar period, Pahlavi dynasty, and the Islamic Republic of Iran were identified and the dominant styles of each period based on the identified factors were publicly evaluated in terms of identity, beauty and showy by means of a questionnaire.
Visual imaging as a predictor of neurodegeneration in experimental autoimmune demyelination and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mey Gabrielle M. , Evonuk Kirsten S. , Chappell McKenzie K. , Wolfe Laura M. , Singh Rupesh , Batoki Julia C. , Yu Minzhong , Peachey Neal S. , Anand-Apte Bela , Bermel Robert , Ontaneda Daniel , Nakamura Kunio , Mahajan Kedar R. , DeSilva Tara M.
Published: June 2022

Thalamic volume is associated with clinical disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is vulnerable to secondary neurodegeneration due to its extensive connectivity throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Using a model of autoimmune demyelination that exhibits CNS-infiltrating immune cells in both spinal cord white matter and optic nerve, we sought to evaluate neurodegenerative changes due to lesions affecting the spino- and retino-thalamic pathways. We found comparable axonal loss in spinal cord white matter and optic nerve during the acute phase of disease consistent with synaptic loss, but not neuronal cell body loss in the thalamic nuclei that receive input from these discrete pathways. Loss of spinal cord neurons or retinal ganglion cells retrograde to their respective axons was not observed until the chronic phase of disease, where optical coherence tomography (OCT) documented reduced inner retinal thickness. In patients with relapsing–remitting MS without a history of optic neuritis, OCT measures of inner retinal volume correlated with retino-thalamic (lateral geniculate nucleus) and spino-thalamic (ventral posterior nucleus) volume as well as neuroperformance measures. These data suggest retinal imaging may serve as an important noninvasive predictor of neurodegeneration in MS.
English Bulldogs in the UK: a VetCompass study of their disorder predispositions and protections
Authors: O’Neill Dan G. , Skipper Alison , Packer Rowena M. A. , Lacey Caitriona , Brodbelt Dave C. , Church David B. , Pegram Camilla
Published: June 2022

Background

The English Bulldog has risen sharply in popularity over the past decade but its distinctive and extreme conformation is linked to several serious health conditions. Using multivariable analysis of anonymised veterinary clinical data from the VetCompass Programme, this study compared the odds of common disorders between English Bulldogs and all remaining dogs in the UK during 2016.

Results

From 905,544 dogs under veterinary care during 2016, the analysis included a random sample of 2,662 English Bulldogs and 22,039 dogs that are not English Bulldogs. English Bulldogs had 2.04 times the odds of diagnosis with ≥ 1 disorder than dogs that are not English Bulldogs (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85 to 2.25). At a specific-level of diagnostic precision, English Bulldogs had increased odds of 24/43 (55.8%) disorders. These included: skin fold dermatitis (odds ratio [OR] 38.12; 95% CI 26.86 to 54.10), prolapsed nictitating membrane gland (OR 26.79; 95% CI 18.61 to 38.58) and mandibular prognathism (OR 24.32; 95% CI 13.59 to 43.53). Conversely, English Bulldogs had significantly reduced odds of 6/43 (14.0%) disorders. These included: retained deciduous tooth (OR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.17), lipoma (OR 0.06; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.40) and periodontal disease (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.30). At a grouped-level of diagnostic precision, English Bulldogs had significantly increased odds of 17/34 (50.0%) disorders. These included: congenital disorder (OR 7.55; 95% CI 5.29 to 10.76), tail disorder (OR 6.01; 95% CI 3.91 to 9.24) and lower respiratory tract disorder (OR 5.50; 95% CI 4.11 to 7.35). Conversely, English Bulldogs had significantly reduced odds of 3/34 (8.8%) disorders. These were: dental disorder (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.31), spinal cord disorder (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.71) and appetite disorder (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.91).

Conclusions

These results suggest that the health of English Bulldogs is substantially lower than dogs that are not English Bulldogs and that many predispositions in the breed are driven by the extreme conformation of these dogs. Consequently, immediate redefinition of the breed towards a moderate conformation is strongly advocated to avoid the UK joining the growing list of countries where breeding of English Bulldogs is banned.
Survival of conventional dental implants in the edentulous atrophic maxilla in combination with zygomatic implants: a 20-year retrospective study
Authors: Vrielinck Luc , Blok Jorden , Politis Constantinus
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation in the resorbed maxilla is a great challenge. The aim of this study was to determine the survival rate of conventional anterior implants placed in combination with zygomatic implants according to the Brånemark technique, and to identify risk factors for implant failure.

Methods

We collected data retrospectively from 72 consecutive patients who received treatment from 1998 to 2018 at our center, according to Brånemark’s original technique. Kaplan–Meier analysis was conducted to assess survival rate, and a survival regression model was used with the patient as the random factor, applying the Weibull distribution.

Results

A total of 236 maxillary anterior implants were included, with a mean follow-up of 12.1 years. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed overall cumulative survival rates of 95.3% at 1 year, 94.8% at 2 years, 93.0% at 5 years, 90.5% at 10 years, 81.6% at 15 years, and 67.7% at 20 years. Survival regression showed an association between bruxism and implant failure as well as implants bearing an overdenture. Implants with length ≤ 10 mm had a significantly lower survival time. No significant association was found between the number of anterior implants and survival rate.

Conclusions

We found acceptable long-term anterior conventional implant survival. Significant risk factors for failure were bruxism, overdentures, and implants shorter than 10 mm.
A study on the effect of biconvex compact shape factors on prediction of dilution potential from tensile strength–compaction force data of coprocessed diluents
Authors: Salim Ilyasu , Olowosulu Adeniji Kehinde , Abdulsamad Abdulrahman
Published: June 2022

Background

The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of shape factors of biconvex compacts on prediction of dilution potential from polynomial regression models of area ratio-mass fraction data of novel α-lactose monohydrate-starch orodispersible diluent (α-LSOD) and StarLac®. Ibuprofen-diluent blends were compacted between 4.98 and 29.89 kN. Given the biconvex round compact dimensions (t = axial thickness, w = central cylinder thickness, and d = diameter), tensile strength was computed as $$\sigma_{{{\text{biconvex}}}} = \Phi \frac{F}{{\pi {\text{d}}t}}$$

σ
biconvex

=
Φ

F

π
d
t

, where F is the breaking force. The shape factor (Φ) was defined as $$\left[ \frac{t}{2d} \right]^{ - 1} ,\left[ {\frac{0.14t}{d} + \frac{0.36w}{d}} \right]^{ - 1} ,\left[ {10/\left[ {\left( {\frac{2.84t}{d}} \right) - \left( {\frac{0.126t}{w}} \right) + \left( {\frac{3.15w}{d}} \right) + 0.01} \right]} \right]$$

t

2
d

-
1

,

0.14
t

d

+

0.36
w

d

-
1

,

10
/

2.84
t

d

-

0.126
t

w

+

3.15
w

d

+
0.01

for Podczeck (ΦPz), Shang (ΦSh), and Pitt (ΦPt) models, respectively. Area under the curve (AUC) was obtained by second-order polynomial fitting of the tensile strength–compaction force curve followed by integration of the quadratic regression equation between the two compaction force limits. The AUC of each powder system was normalised with the AUC of ibuprofen-free powder to obtain area ratio (AR). The AR was plotted against mass fraction of ibuprofen, and the curvilinear data was fitted by third-order polynomial fitting. Dilution potential was obtained from the regression equation by back extrapolation to zero area ratio.

Results

Tukey’s multiple comparison test indicated statistically significant differences between the three shape factors (p < 0.001). The shape factors ΦSh and ΦPt were higher than ΦPz by a factor of 2.4 and 1.2, respectively. The quadratic regression model sufficiently explained the observed relationship between tensile strength and compaction force as indicated by the coefficient of determination whose values ranged between 0.9344 and 0.99843 and 0.93725 and 0.99812 for α-LSOD and Starlac®, respectively. Dilution potential was predicted as $$AR = B_{3} x^{3} + B_{2} x^{2} + B_{1} x + c$$

A
R
=

B
3

x
3

+

B
2

x
2

+

B
1

x
+
c

, where x and its coefficients are ibuprofen mass fraction and regression constants, respectively. The predicted dilution potential of the three tensile strength models were within a close range of $$\approx 110.93 \pm 1.02$$

≈
110.93
±
1.02

and $$\approx 116.02 \pm 0.62$$

≈
116.02
±
0.62

for both α-LSOD and StarLac®.

Conclusions

This study suggests the adoption of the simplest Podczeck model given a biconvex round punch tooling and highlights the suitability of polynomial regression to predict dilution capacity from nonlinear area ratio-mass fraction data.
Structural, genomic information and computational analysis of emerging coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Agarwal Deepak , Zafar Imran , Ahmad Syed Umair , Kumar Sujit , Ain Qurat ul , Sundaray Jitendra Kumar , Rather Mohd Ashraf
Published: June 2022

Background

The emerging viral pandemic worldwide is associated with a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). This virus is said to emerge from its epidemic center in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are single-stranded, giant, enveloped RNA viruses that come under the family of coronaviridae and order Nidovirales which are the crucial pathogens for humans and other vertebrates.

Main body

Coronaviruses are divided into several subfamilies and genera based on the genomic structure and phylogenetic relationship. The name corona is raised due to the presence of spike protein on the envelope of the virus. The structural and genomic study revealed that the total genome size of SARS-CoV-2 is from 29.8 kb to 29.9 kb. The spike protein (S) is a glycoprotein that attaches to the receptor of host cells for entry into the host cell, followed by the attachment of virus RNA to the host ribosome for translation. The phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 revealed the similarity (75–88%) with bat SARS-like coronavirus.

Conclusion

The sign and symptoms of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are also discussed in this paper. The worldwide outbreak and prevention from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are overviewed in the present article. The latest variant of coronavirus and the status of vaccines are also overviewed in the present article.
Detailed insight into the pathophysiology and the behavioral complications associated with the Parkinson's disease and its medications
Authors: Wal Pranay , Dwivedi Jyotsana , Wal Ankita , Vig Himangi , Singh Yatendra
Published: June 2022

Background

The loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, as well as other mostly catecholaminergic neurons, causes many of the motor symptoms that define Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is commonly thought of as a movement disorder, the significant prevalence of psychiatric complications such as cognitive impairment, and psychosis suggests it should be considered a neuropsychiatric illness, and all behavioral complications are linked to growing disability and the medication.

Main body

Apart from the disease-induced abnormalities, there are several other side effects of the disease and also from the medication used to prevent the disease. This article focuses on the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and also the behavioral abnormalities caused by the disease and its medication. The study's data were gathered by searching several review articles and research papers from a variety of sources, including Elsevier, PubMed, Research Gate, Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, etc., from the year 1985 to 2021. Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a variety of complex processes. It is responsible not just for motor symptoms, but also for a variety of behavioral symptoms that can arise as a result of the disease and/or medication.

Conclusion

Only symptomatic drugs are available; thus, finding treatments that directly address the disease mechanisms causing Parkinson’s disease is essential. To alleviate the disease's burden on patients and their families, better treatments for the neuropsychiatric repercussions of Parkinson's disease are required.

Graphical Abstract
Thoughts of suicide or self-harm among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: qualitative analysis of open-ended survey responses
Authors: Bismark Marie , Smallwood Natasha , Jain Ria , Willis Karen
Published: June 2022

Background

Healthcare workers are at higher risk of suicide than other occupations, and suicidal thoughts appear to have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aims

To understand the experiences of healthcare workers with frequent thoughts of suicide or self-harm during the pandemic, including factors that contributed to their distress, and the supports that they found helpful.

Method

We used content analysis to analyse free-text responses to the Australian COVID-19 Frontline Healthcare Workers Study, from healthcare workers who reported frequent thoughts that they would be better off dead or of hurting themselves, on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.

Results

A total of 262 out of 7795 healthcare workers (3.4%) reported frequent thoughts of suicide or self-harm in the preceding 2 weeks. They described how the pandemic exacerbated pre-existing challenges in their lives, such as living with a mental illness, working in an unsupportive environment and facing personal stressors like relationship violence or unwell family members. Further deterioration in their mental health was triggered by heavier obligations at home and work, amid painful feelings of loneliness. They reported that workplace demands rose without additional resources, social and emotional isolation increased and many healthful activities became inaccessible. Tokenistic offers of support fell flat in the face of multiple barriers to taking leave or accessing professional help. Validation of distress, improved access to healthcare and a stronger sense of belonging were identified as helpful supports.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the need for better recognition of predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating and protective factors for thoughts of suicide and self-harm among healthcare workers.
Ventilation Strategies During General Anesthesia for Noncardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bolther Maria , Henriksen Jeppe , Holmberg Mathias J. , Jessen Marie K. , Vallentin Mikael F. , Hansen Frederik B. , Holst Johanne M. , Magnussen Andreas , Hansen Niklas S. , Johannsen Cecilie M. , Enevoldsen Johannes , Jensen Thomas H. , Roessler Lara L. , Carøe Lind Peter , Klitholm Maibritt P. , Eggertsen Mark A. , Caap Philip , Boye Caroline , Dabrowski Karol M. , Vormfenne Lasse , Høybye Maria , Karlsson Mathias , Balleby Ida R. , Rasmussen Marie S. , Pælestik Kim , Granfeldt Asger , Andersen Lars W.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND:

The optimal ventilation strategy during general anesthesia is unclear. This systematic review investigated the relationship between ventilation targets or strategies (eg, positive end-expiratory pressure [PEEP], tidal volume, and recruitment maneuvers) and postoperative outcomes.

METHODS:

PubMed and Embase were searched on March 8, 2021, for randomized trials investigating the effect of different respiratory targets or strategies on adults undergoing noncardiac surgery. Two investigators reviewed trials for relevance, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed for relevant outcomes, and several subgroup analyses were conducted. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

RESULTS:

This review included 63 trials with 65 comparisons. Risk of bias was intermediate for all trials. In the meta-analyses, lung-protective ventilation (ie, low tidal volume with PEEP) reduced the risk of combined pulmonary complications (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28–0.49; 9 trials; 1106 patients), atelectasis (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.25–0.60; 8 trials; 895 patients), and need for postoperative mechanical ventilation (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.13–1.00; 5 trials; 636 patients). Recruitment maneuvers reduced the risk of atelectasis (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.21–0.92; 5 trials; 328 patients). We found no clear effect of tidal volume, higher versus lower PEEP, or recruitment maneuvers on postoperative pulmonary complications when evaluated individually. For all comparisons across targets, no effect was found on mortality or hospital length of stay. No effect measure modifiers were found in subgroup analyses. The certainty of evidence was rated as very low, low, or moderate depending on the intervention and outcome.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although lung-protective ventilation results in a decrease in pulmonary complications, randomized clinical trials provide only limited evidence to guide specific ventilation strategies during general anesthesia for adults undergoing noncardiac surgery.
Unknown Etiology for Ataxia and Vertigo After Trigeminal Nerve Block: A Case Report
Authors: Jayasinghe Amila Udayangani , Kumarihamy Hemantha
Published: June 2022

Acute transient vertigo, ataxia, and hypertension after trigeminal nerve block via a coronoid approach with alcohol have been reported previously. We report a similar complication after the same block with nerve stimulator guidance with bupivacaine without alcohol. Stimulation of the vestibular canal by the needle, or disturbance to its blood supply, presence of an abnormal anatomical connection of the mandibular nerve and vestibular system or spasm of cerebellar arteries from the stimulating needle are possible causations rather than the drug used, whether it is alcohol or bupivacaine. Awareness of such rare but serious complications is important, and radiological-guided interventional treatment may minimize such complications.
CO Binding onto Heterometals of [Mo3S4M] (M = Fe, Co, Ni) Cubes
Authors: Tanifuji Kazuki , Sakai Yuta , Matsuoka Yuto , Tada Mizuki , Sameera W M C , Ohki Yasuhiro
Published: June 2022

We have previously shown that cyclopentadienyl (CpR)-supported [Mo3S4] platforms capture and stabilize halides of hetero-metals (M) under reducing conditions to give [Mo3S4M] cubes. Here we report Co and Ni variants with CpXL ligands (CpXL = C5Me4SiEt3) and CO binding to the [Mo3S4M] clusters (M = Fe, Co, Ni). Properties of the isolated CO-bound [Mo3S4M] cubes were investigated by X-ray diffraction, IR, and electrochemical analyses. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed for the isolated CO-bound clusters to evaluate M-CO interactions. These analyses constitute foundations to develop bio-mimetic molecular catalysts for the direct conversion of CO and/or CO2 into hydrocarbons, which can contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions.
Impact of COVID on Sports Injury Patterns, Changes in Mental Well-Being, and Strategies to Prepare for Future Pandemics in Sport
Authors: Vincent Heather K. , Patel Shammi , Zaremski Jason L.
Published: June 2022

This review describes the available evidence of the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, referred to COVID-19) pandemic on musculoskeletal injury patterns and prevalence in athletes. A brief overview of the epidemiology of COVID-19 and prevalence in active populations from youth through professional are provided. Responses to COVID-19 regarding sport participation at regional, national, and international organizations are summarized. Downstream effects of complete or partial training shutdown on injury risk and mental health are discussed. Strategies to maintain athletic potential and overall well-being include maintaining safe access to training facilities and resources, implementation of injury prevention programs, organization of athlete support networks, and incorporation of resilience and coping training.
Knee Extensor Mechanism Tendinopathy: Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention
Authors: Catapano Michael , Babu Ashwin N. , Tenforde Adam S. , Borg-Stein Joanne , McInnis Kelly C.
Published: June 2022

Knee extensor mechanism tendinopathy, including patellar and quadriceps tendinopathy, is common among athletes and those involved in jumping sports. It is largely a clinical diagnosis that presents as anterior knee pain and stiffness with associated tenderness over the affected tendon. Imaging modalities, including ultrasound and/or magnetic resonance imaging, may be helpful with the diagnosis of difficult cases or in the planning of interventional procedures. Focused and structured rehabilitation using eccentric or heavy slow resistance exercise in conjunction with load management is important for recovery. Adjuvant therapies (e.g., injections or surgery) may be necessary in recalcitrant cases or those with insufficient response to rehabilitation efforts. Prevention strategies focus on improving biomechanics, landing mechanism and lower-extremity balance, flexibility, and strength.
The objectivity requirement in crimes related to electronic or magnetic records containing unauthorized commands
Authors: Takara Kouya
Published: June 2022

The crime of electromagnetic records under unauthorized instruction (Article 168-2 and 3 of the Penal Code) requires that the program or the instruction code in question is against the intention of the computer user (counterintentionality) and socially unacceptable (unauthorized), as the requirements of objectivity. The significance or factors to be considered in the requirements of “counterintentionality” and “unauthorized” have not been clarified in practice. This paper examines the requirements of “counterintentionality” and “unauthorized” intent in crimes related to electromagnetic records with the Coinhive case as material, by means of a literature survey and case study. In addition, the significance and scope of the Supreme Court’s decision in the Coinhive case will be clarified.
Actual and potential drug interactions of psychotropic drugs in patients of the COVID-19 medicine service of the emergency hospital-Lima, 2021
Authors: Esteves Pairazaman Ambrocio Teodoro , Caldas Herrera Emma , Leon Apac Gabriel , Collanque Pinto Jesús Daniel , Caldas Herrera María Evelina , Ñañez del Pino Daniel , Martínez Carreras Javier Francisco , Robles Huaranca Ricardo
Published: June 2022

Background: Actual and potential drug–drug interactions of psychotropic drugs in patients of the COVID-19 Medicine Service of the Villa El Salvador Emergency Hospital during the months of February to July, 2021.

Methods: The study is deductive, retroprospective, quantitative, applied, cross-sectional observational. The instrument used was a collection card for 86 pharmacotherapeutic follow-ups where psychotropic drugs for anxiety, depression and insomnia were registered.

Results: In the actual and potential drug interactions of psychotropic drugs, according to the degree of severity dimension, it was identified that the important indicator represented the highest frequency of 89% of the interactions; according to the type of interaction dimension, it was identified that the pharmacodynamic indicator presented a higher frequency with 53%; according to the clinical evidence dimension, it was identified that the fair indicator had a higher frequency with 73% interactions; in the manifestation dimension, it was identified that the potential indicator presented a higher frequency with 92.2% interactions. In its moment of appearance dimension, it was identified that the quick indicator had a higher prevalence with 5.5% of real interactions. In its causality algorithm dimension, the probable indicator was identified as having the highest frequency with 7.25% of actual interactions. With respect to sex, the male presented 49.9% of potential interactions and in the real interactions, the female sex presented a higher incidence with 4.3% interactions. The average age of the potential interactions was 48.83 years, and the average age of the real interactions was 45.67 years. Sertraline presented 53.2% of potential interactions and in relation to real drug interactions the one that presented the highest frequency was mirtazapine with 3.5% interactions.

Conclusion: We conclude that the increase in the prescription of psychotropic drugs is related to a higher probability of interactions.
Maximum length record and some biological characters of devil firefish Pterois miles Bennett, 1828 for Aegean Sea, Turkey
Authors: Soykan Ozan , Ulaş Ali
Published: June 2022

Present work reports the maximum size record of Pterois miles for Turkish Seas with some additional biological information. The greatest individual of P. miles was caught off Çökertme Bight, Bodrum (Southern Aegean Sea) at 10 m depth with a spear gun on 15 July 2021. Captured individual of devil firefish was 34.0 cm in total length and 707.55 g in total weight. Specimen was male with a gonad weight of 13.6 g and it was determined to be 6 years old. A prey fish Chromis chromis were detected in the stomach in definable visible condition. Total length and weight of the mentioned individual are the greatest for the Turkish Seas among the reported studies up to date.
Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in a Young Woman with Type 1 Gaucher Disease
Authors: Ridova Nevenka , Trajkova Sanja , Popova-Labachevska Marija , Stojanovska – Jakimovska Simona , Nikolov Filip , Panovska-Stavridis Irina
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disease characterized by multi-system impairment. One of its main features is the over-expressed chronic stimulation and activation of the immune system, which may play a crucial role in the development of some malignancies associated with GD.  Case description: We describe a young woman diagnosed with GD type 1 in early adulthood who developed early-onset colorectal cancer shortly after GD diagnosis and the initiation of enzyme replacement therapy. She underwent radical surgical resection of the colon and adjuvant chemotherapy due to metastatic disease in the liver. She failed first-line therapy with capecitabine and is currently being treated with irinotecan plus the monoclonal antibody cetuximab.  Discussion: Although there is no evidence of an association between GD and colorectal cancer, this presentation in a young woman without a family history or risk factors may indicate a link. During anticancer treatment, only grade 3 anaemia was documented and no other haematological toxicities were observed. Enzyme replacement therapy at the recommended dose is regularly administered at scheduled intervals. The dosage may be increased in future if necessary to alleviate profound cytopenia. Conclusion: Anticancer treatment in patients with GD can be challenging due to the accompanying cytopenia. Optimal treatment of these patients with cancer requires greater understanding of the pathophysiology of GD and its impact on haematopoiesis.
Journal scan
Authors: Welyczko Nikki
Published: June 2022

A brief overview of recently published articles on gastroenterology, hepatology and stoma care
Postoperative histology discussion in the colorectal multidisciplinary team: requirement for the colorectal nurse specialist
Authors: Kulkarni Nikhil , Khalil Ahmed , Lee Roberta
Published: June 2022

Background:

COVID-19-related workforce absences have led to shortages of frontline healthcare staff. The colorectal nursing unit at Lincoln County Hospital was short-staffed for a few months due to the pandemic. This led to a change in the system of flagging postoperative histology results to the colorectal cancer multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting. Data for patients during this period were studied to assess if this led to delays in MDT discussion.

Methods:

Data were extracted from a prospectively maintained database for all colorectal cancer patients undergoing resection surgery from 1 April 2021 to 31 July 2021. Data collected included: date of surgery, operation notes, histology results and date of postoperative MDT discussion. The time interval between date of surgery and date of MDT discussion was tabulated from this data.

Results:

Out of 98 patients identified on the database, 76 were included in this study. Eight (11%) of these patients did not have their histology results discussed in a timely fashion in the colorectal MDT. Four out of these eight subsequently required adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy or radiotherapy).

Conclusion:

There was a delay in discussion of postoperative histology in the colorectal MDT due to the change of pathway. This highlights the important role of the colorectal nurse specialists (CNSs) in the overall management of colorectal cancer patients. This article highlights the need to avoid burdening the CNS with tasks that can easily be completed by implementing advanced electronic MDT reporting systems.
Quantifying and Evaluating Male Child Preference in Pakistan
Authors:   Community Medicine Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Zaidi Tafazzul Hyder , Zafar Mubashir ,   Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Ali Nouman Mansoor ,   Community Medicine Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Parveen Saima ,   Community Medicine Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Ashraf Hira ,   Foundation University Islamabad, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Awan Mahnoor ,   Community Medicine Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Rashid Ahmed Mustafa ,   Community Medicine Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Tariq Muntaha ,   Community Medicine Department, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT Preference for male over female children is entrenched in many Asian and African countries. This can result in premature mortality of female babies, an increase in the number of young unmarried males, an excalation in violence, antisocial behavior and frustration due to a lack of females. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of desire for male children among the general population of parents in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Karachi public sector hospital with 300 participants selected through convenience sampling. Data was analyzed using statistical software and the chi-square test and logistic regression was used to determine the outcome variable and associated risk factors. Of the 300 participants, 53.3 percent of study participants were in the age group of 18–30 years. The preference for male and female children was 37.5 percent and 23.9 percent, respectively. The overall son preference index was 1.94; showing a strong preference toward sons. After adjustment of covariates, the age group of 18–30 years and those of lower and middle socioeconomic class significantly preferred male over female children. Participants in general showed interest in both male and female children, but there was a stronger desire for a male child, showing a deeply rooted cultural mindset. The approach of parents towards females should be changed in order to eliminate existing omnipresent discrimination against female children. Keywords: Male child prevalence, Male child desire, Female child, inequality.
Comparative Techniques Using Hierarchical Modelling and Machine Learning for Procedure Recognition in Smart Hospitals
Authors: Noor Shaheena , Aamir Muhammad , Ismat Najma , Saleem Muhammad Imran
Published: June 2022

6G is one of the key cornerstone elements of the futuristic smart system setup – the others being cloud computing, big data, wearable devices and Artificial Intelligence. Also, smart offices and homes have become even more popular than before, because of the advancement in computer vision and Machine Learning (ML) technologies. Recognition of human actions and situations are fundamental components of such systems, especially in complex environments like healthcare, for example at the dentist clinic, where we need cues such as eye movement to distinguish procedures being undertaken. In this work, we compare models based on hierarchical modelling and machine learning to identify the dental procedure. We used the objects seen while following the eye trajectories and focussed on elements including material used for treatment, equipment involved and the teeth conditions i.e. symptoms. Our experiments showed that using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) increased the accuracy of prediction compared to hierarchical modelling. Our experiments show an improvement in accuracy for each of the constituent parameters i.e., symptom (ANN: 95.58% vs. Hierarchical: 45.68%), material (ANN: 86.32% vs. Hierarchical: 45.18%) and equipment (ANN: 92.65% vs. Hierarchical: 59.39%).
Fuzzy Based Predication Technique for Diabetics Association Analysis for Salem District Farmers
Authors: Kumar A. Dalvin Vinoth
Published: June 2022

Diabetes is a one of the major issue that all people in the world currently face. Diabetes is caused by excessive amounts of sugar in the blood. Once diabetes is diagnosed, it is not completely curable, but it can be controlled with proper medication, exercise and a balanced diet. Diabetes affects the vital organs of the body such as the heart, kidneys, brain and eyes. The diabetes mellitus and its complications can be determined using a variety of pathological tests, such as patients’ symptoms and blood sugar, urine and lipid profile. The use of fuzzy logic in diagnosis is very common and useful because it combines the knowledge and experience of the physician into ambiguous sets and rules. Most of the researchers proposed methods to diagnosis the diabetes mellitus but still it in their infancy level. This work proposed a fuzzy based system for diagnosing diabetes disease. The usage of pesticides in agriculture by farmers is treated as one of the dependent variable for predication. The empirical zif’s law is used to compute the frequency of farmers using pesticides are predicated as diabetic. The output of the proposed system proved that the fuzzy based prediction model diagnosis the disease accurately.
Natural distribution of the genus Dacrydium Lamb. (Podocarpaceae) in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: MAIMUNAH SITI , KESSLER PAUL J.A. , INDRIOKO SAPTO , NAIEM MUHAMMAD
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Maimunah S, Kessler PJA, Indrioko S, Naiem M. 2022. Natural distribution of the genus Dacrydium Lamb. (Podocarpaceae) in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2816-2822. The tropical coniferous genus Dacrydium is widespread in Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is estimated that four species still exist in Borneo, locally known as Alau. This genus thrives in a range of habitats, from heath to deep-peat forests in Central Kalimantan. This genus is currently threatened by logging, fire, and forest conversion to plantations. The objectives of this study were: 1) to know the distribution and abundance of Dacrydium, and 2) to describe the Dacrydium’s habitat. The research was conducted in a heath forest located in PT Taiyoung Engreen (PTTE) in Gunung Mas District and PT Dasa Intiga (PTDI) in Kapuas and North Barito District, and in deep-peat swamp forest located in Sebangau National Park (SNP) in Palangka Raya and Pulang Pisau District. Data were collected in plots, each measuring 50 x 80 m, and the collected data were analyzed using a biodiversity calculator device created by MSU in USAID Lestari 2019. The identified specimens of alau found were sent to Herbarium Bogoriense for validation. The results of the analysis showed that we could identify three species of alau from the four species that are suspected to exist in Kalimantan. namely Dacrydium beccarii Parl. (alau bakam (B)); Dacrydium pectinatum de Laub. (alau kelangkang (K)), and Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Hook. (alau tombak (T)) with various abundance. Depending on the conditions of habitat, Alau could be found only in some parts of heath to deep-peat swamp forest. The finding of D. pectinatum in the study areas is a new discovery because it was previously reported that this species was not found in Central Kalimantan.
Bacterial vaginosis pattern and antibiotic susceptibility testing in female patients using high vaginal swabs
Authors: AL-KRAETY ISRAA ABDUL AMEER , AL-MUHANNA SDDIQ GHANI , BANOON SHAIMA RABEA , GHASEMIAN ABDOLMAJID
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Al-Kraety IAA, Al-Muhanna SG, Banoon SR, Ghasemian A. 2022. Bacterial vaginosis pattern and antibiotic susceptibility testing in female patients using high vaginal swabs. Biodiversitas 23: 2838-2844. Bacterial species found in the vaginal environment encompass a wide variety of species. A common cause of vaginal discharge in women is bacterial vaginosis BV (BV). Various Gram-positive and Gram-negative rod shaped bacteria, including E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Raoultella ornithinolytica, and Staphylococcus spp. contribute significantly to bacterial vaginosis. In this study, vaginal swabs (VS) were obtained from 50 individuals with symptoms of vaginal discharge. The swabs were inoculated on blood, Mannitol, and MacConkey agar culture media. Biochemical tests were performed after an overnight incubation period to determine growth and colonial morphology. In addition to VITEK® 2 compact system and PCR technique by using a 16s RNA gene where all bacteria isolates were positive for this gene. Antibiotic sensitivity was investigated through compact VITEK® 2 and sensitivity cards (AST-P580), (AST-N222), and (AST-GN76). The bacterial isolates including 20 (43.4%) of E. coli, 8 (17.3%) of Klebsiella spp. and 8 (17.3%) of Staphylococcus spp. were investigated in present study. Additionally, 4 (8.6%) isolates of Enterobacter spp., 3 (6.5%) of E. faecalis, and 3 (6.5%) of R. ornithinolytica. The E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., E. faecalis and R. ornithinolytica isolates were found resistant to several antibiotics and considered multi-resistance (MDR).
High impact of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaf extract to suppress zucchini yellow mosaic virus infection in zucchini plants
Authors: PANDAWANI NI PUTU , LISTIHANI LISTIHANI , WIDNYANA I KETUT , ARIATI PUTU EKA PASMIDI , SELANGGA DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Pandawani NP, Listihani L, Widnyana IK, Ariati PEP, Selangga DGW. 2022. High impact of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaf extract to suppress zucchini yellow mosaic virus infection in zucchini plants. Biodiversitas 23: 2914-2919. Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an important virus in zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo L.). ZYMV infection is prevalent in C. pepo in Bali and is extremely difficult to eradicate. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of pagoda leaf extract (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) in reducing yield loss in C. pepo. A factorial randomized block design with two variables was employed in this study. The application time of the C. paniculatum extract was the first variable, and concentration was the second. Plant extract was applied during seed immersion, one day before and after inoculation, and on the same day of virus inoculation. The concentrations of C. paniculatum extract employed were 10%, 30%, and 50%. The crude extract was sprayed onto the C. pepo leaves. Plants treated with extract one day after virus inoculation at 10%, 30%, and 50% concentrations exhibited yellowing, yellowing with cupping, mosaic, mosaic with cupping, and stunting. While application of extract one day before virus inoculation at 30% and 50% concentrations resulted in yellowing and yellowing with cupping signs. Plants infected with ZYMV first showed flowering at 37 DAP, whereas plants treated with C. paniculatum leaf extract one day before virus inoculation started flowering at 32 DAP. Application of C. paniculatum leaf extract one day before ZYMV inoculation on C. pepo effectively suppressed 40% yield loss. The findings of present investigation revealed information about the potential of C. paniculatum leaf extract as a plant virus control agent through the mechanism of induction in C. pepo.
Genetic diversity based on SSR markers of 30 Aeridinae sub-tribe orchid genetic resources of Indonesian Ornamental Crop Research Institute, Cianjur, Indonesia
Authors: WEGADARA MEGA , DEWANTI MINANGSARI , DININGSIH ERNIAWATI , RACHMAWATI FITRI , SUKMA DEWI , SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Wegadara M, Dewanti M, Diningsih E, Rachmawati F, Sukma D, Sudarsono. 2022. Genetic diversity based on SSR markers of 30 Aeridinaesub-tribe orchid genetic resources of Indonesian Ornamental Crop Research Institute, Cianjur, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2943-2956. Advances in molecular biotechnology encourage molecular markers to identify plant diversity to become increasingly common. Using SSR markers, this study will determine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of 30 accessions from five parental genera of Aeridinaeorchids from the IOCRI genetic resource collection. Molecular characterization of 30 orchid sub-tribes Aeridinaegenetic resources of IOCRI was carried out using 17 polymorphic SSR markers. The resulting binary data was then analyzed using the GenAlEX program to determine Na, Ne, Ho, He, and the PowerMarker V3.25 program to determine the values of MAF, D, and PIC. Molecular characterization using 17 SSR primers generated 240 amplified DNA fragments across 30 accessions, with the fragment sizes ranging from 56-4818 bp. Factorial analysis (PCoA) and phylogenetic tree construction clustered the 30 Aeridinae accessions into three major clusters. Accessions belonging to the Vanda genus are clustered into three clusters (Clusters I, II, and III). The Vascostylisis in Cluster I, along with 12 Vanda accessions. Two accessions of Vanda, two Aranthera, three Arachnis, and one Aerides genera are clustered into Cluster III. This study showed that interspecific hybrids among accessions of Vanda within Cluster I and Cluster II should be possible since they are genetically closely related. Intergeneric hybrids among the accession of Vascostylis and Vanda's genera belonging to Cluster I, should also be possible. Furthermore, intergeneric hybrids among Aerides, Arachnis, Aranthera, and Vanda accessions within Cluster III should also be possible. The generated data from this study should be helpful for future Aeridinae breeding activities intended to generate new hybrid varieties.
Range of host plants, spatial distribution, and insect predator of Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as an emerging pest of cassava plants in Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Supartha I Wayan , Widaningsih Dwi , Susila I Wayan , Yudha I Kadek Wisma , Utama I Wayan Eka Karya , Wiradana Putu Angga
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Supartha IW, Widaningsih D, Susila IW, Yudha IKW, Utama IWEK, Wiradana PA. 2022. Range of host plants, spatial distribution, and insect predator of Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as an emerging pest of cassava plants in Bali. Biodiversitas 23: 3022-3030. The cassava mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a very destructive pest in cassava farming in Indonesia. The insect has already made its way into Indonesia, where it has attacked cassava plants with indications of a bunchy top, which may cause plant death. The objectives of this study were to 1) discover and identify an invasive pest of cassava mealybug pest, P. manihoti, that attacks cassava plants in Bali; 2) map the distribution and abundance of these pest species populations on cassava plants in Bali; 3) describe the structure of the pest population in cassava plantations in Bali; 4) identify the dominant factors that influence the population structure of P. manihoti in Bali, and 5) evaluate the predator fauna in regulating the population. The findings revealed that the mealybug species that attacked cassava in Bali was P. manihoti, an exotic species that had never been published earlier. With a high population abundance, the pest has spread far and effectively overall in regencies/cities in Bali Province. In all regency/city regions, the population structure of P. manihoti was dominated by age groups of instar-1 and two nymphs, with the exception of the Buleleng Regency, which was dominated by age groups of nymphs instar 3 and 4. The nature of polyphagy and cosmopolite features that are readily adaptable to the environment and host plant variables, farming pattern, temperature and rainfall factors were the key factors impacting the population structure of P. manihoti in the field. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Chrysoperla carnea, and Scymnus sp. were discovered to have a role in managing P. manihoti populations in the field. The predator fauna community is structurally diverse, abundant, and has a low dominance. Cryptolaemus montrouzieri was the most dominant of the three producer species in the field. These results indicate that there is a positive potential shown by predatory mealybugs in the field and can be used as an initial model by related parties in formulating policies related to controlling insect pests of cassava plants.