bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanocellulose from citrus processing waste using water and electricity only
Authors: Jitan Samar Al , Scurria Antonino , Albanese Lorenzo , Pagliaro Mario , Meneguzzo Francesco , Zabini Federica , Sakkaf Reem Al , Yusuf Ahmed , Palmisano Giovanni , Ciriminna Rosaria
Published: May 2021

Along with a water-soluble fraction rich in pectin, the hydrodynamic cavitation of citrus processing waste carried out in water directly on a semi-industrial scale affords an insoluble fraction consisting of a new nanocellulose of high quality. Lemon and grapefruit nanocellulose powders isolated upon filtration and mild drying consist, respectively, of 100-500 nm wide cellulose nanorods, and of 500-1,000 nm wide ramified microfibrils extending for several μm. The process is general and can be applied to any citrus processing biowaste. These findings establish a long-sought technically viable route to a material whose numerous potential applications in fields ranging from biomedicine to composite production have been limited by the harsh conditions required for the extraction of nanocellulose via acid or enzymatic hydrolysis following pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with acid-chlorite or alkali.
AGAMA, TAKHAYUL DAN KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN MASYARAKAT BERBASIS PARIWISATA
Authors: Fatkhullah Mukhammad
Published: May 2021

Abstrak: Dalam pariwisata, eksotisme budaya merupakan daya tarik bagi wisatawan. Akan tetapi, tidak semua budaya menghasilkan dampak yang sama. Beberapa justru menjadi penghambat upaya mengembangan masyarakat, terlebih pada upaya eksplorasi sumberdaya alam potensial untuk menunjang tujuan pembangunan. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk melihat bagaimana budaya masyarakat lokal memberikan kontribusi pada sektor pariwisata, dengan menggunakan metode eksploratis berdasarkan studi literatur. Hasilnya, budaya masyarakat lokal mampu mendukung sektor pariwisata dengan syarat terdapat unsur kearifan didalamnya. Adapun unsur tersebut dapat bersumber dari Agama, bahkan takhayul sekalipun. Akan tetapi, hal tersebut hanya berlaku pada komunitas yang homogen. Takhayul yang ada pada masyarakat yang heterogen hanya akan menimbulkan keacuhan masyarakat, hingga penelantaran lingkungan. Adapun upaya untuk menghapus takhayul dapat dilakukan melalui peningkatan kualitas pendidikan dan aspek keagamaan. Lebih lanjut, studi ini menemukan bahwa pengembangan wisata berbasis budaya tetap dapat diupayakan dengan mempertimbangkan: (1) regulasi yang beroritentasi pada pengembangan masyarakat dan berwawasan lingkungan, (2) pengembangan yang berfokus pada keunikan dan identitas lokal, serta (3) strategi pemasaran yang menekankan pada pengalaman spiritual.
Kata Kunci: Agama; Takhayul; Kearifan Lokal; Pariwisata; Pengembangan Masyarakat.
 
Abstract: In the tourism industry, cultural exoticism is an asset that can attract tourists. However, not all cultures offer wisdom. Some become obstacles to community development efforts, especially the exploration of natural resource potentials to support development goals. This study intends to see how the local culture contributes to the tourism sector, using an exploratory method based on literature studies. As a result, the culture of local communities can support the tourism sector if there is an element of wisdom in it. These elements can be derived from religion, even superstition. However, this can only apply if society is homogeneous. A superstition exists in heterogeneous societies that can lead to natural resource neglect or destruction. Efforts to eradicate superstition can be made through improving the quality of education and religious aspects. Furthermore, this study finds that cultural-based tourism development efforts can still be pursued by considering: (1) regulations that are oriented towards community development and sustainable environment, (2) development that focuses on uniqueness and local identity, and (3) marketing strategies emphasize spiritual experiences.
Keywords: Religion; Superstition; Local Wisdom; Tourism; Community Development.
Community-acquired pneumonia in HIV patients
Authors: Viktorova I. B. , Zimina V. N. , Dadyka I. V. , Аndreeva I. V. , Golovina I. A. , Chuzhikova E. P.
Published: May 2021

The objective: to study the frequency and nature of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in HIV patients.

Subjects and methods: The continuous longitudinal retrospective study of all cases of respiratory diseases among HIV patients (n = 185), who received in-patient treatment in the therapy department.

Results. CAP was diagnosed in 38.4% (n = 71) of patients and it was the most frequent respiratory disease among HIV patients. The median CD4 count in CAP made 197.5 cells/μL, 9.1% of patients received antiretroviral therapy before hospital admission. 74.7% of CAP patients (n = 53) had lesions disseminated to several lobes. Laboratory parameters revealed in severe CAP (leukocytosis > 12 × 109/L, leukopenia < 4.0 × 109/L and thrombocytopenia < 100 × 1012/L) were associated with the degree of immunodeficiency and did not depend on the infiltration dissemination (p > 0.05). Bacteremia in CAP was detected in 20.8% of patients and it was associated with the failure of standard empiric antibiotic therapy (p < 0.05). 9.9% of CAP patients (n = 7) were diagnosed with polymicrobial infection. Lethal outcomes of CAP were recorded in 5.6% of cases (n = 4), all with severe immunosuppression (the median of CD4 count was 5 cells/μL), 2 cases had bilateral subtotal CAP and 2 suffered from polymicrobial infection.
Clinical aspects of using artificial intelligence for the interpretation of chest X-rays
Authors: Morozov S. P. , Kokina D. Yu. , Pavlov N. A. , Kirpichev Yu. S. , Gombolevskiy V. A. , Аndreychenko A. E.
Published: May 2021

The review considers the possible use of artificial intelligence for the interpretation of chest X-rays by analyzing 45 publications. Experimental and commercial diagnostic systems for pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia, neoplasms and other diseases have been analyzed.
Retratação para 'Considerações sobre a importação de abelhas rainhas Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) originadas do Mercosul' [Rev. Bras. Gest. Amb. Sustent. (2020), vol. 7, n. 16, p. 1011-1019]
Authors: Fontes Yago Magalhães
Published: May 2021

Retratação de artigo.
On the issue of personal dispositions of participants in a special psychophysiological study using polygraph devices in the context of game theory
Authors:   the Department of Moral and Psychological Support of the Directorate for Work with  Personnel of the Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Belgorod Region, Savitsky A. , Romanova E. ,   the department for work with the personnel of the department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of Belgorod
Published: May 2021

The article gives an attempt at an interdisciplinary consideration of the process of interaction between a polygraph examiner and a person being examined within the framework of a special psychophysiological study using polygraph devices. This interaction is considered both from the point of view of the personal dispositions of the participants, and in the context of mathematical modeling of this interaction, using the developments of game theory.
Magneto-electric coupling constants in piezoelectric/piezomaganetic layered composite
Authors: Hernández Cabanas Joanka , Monsivais Galindo Guillermo , Otero Hernández José Antonio
Published: May 2021

During the last few years, piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composites have been studied due to the numerous applications related to the coupling between these materials and the fields. In the present work, two theoretical models for calculating the magneto/electric coupling factor of the composite with 2-2 connectivity, are presented. Using the asymptotic homogenization method, the effective coefficients of a periodic magneto–electro–elastic layered composite can be obtained in matrix form. By using this matrix, a two-layered composite formed by BaTiO3 and CoFe2O4 are studied, and expressions for the effective coefficients are obtained. The effective magneto/electric coupling factor as a function of the piezoelectric volumetric fraction are found from these particular coefficients. In addition, a dynamic model of the multilayer piezoelectric/piezomagnetic composite is discussed. The dynamical model has been used to determinate the magnetoelectric coupling constants.
Bioprospecting of haloalkaliphilic microorganisms isolated from a dried-out maar in the volcano “Hoya Rincón de Parangueo”
Authors: Gómez-Acata Elizabeth Selene , Ayala-Gámez Laura Mariana , García-Covarrubias Raúl , Torres-Núñez Martha Yvette , Vargas-López Liliana , Hernández-Camargo Susana , Becerril-Rojas Itzel Guadalupe , León-Domínguez Marcos , Zurita-García Lizbeth , Navarro-Noya Yendi E. , Conde-Barajas Eloy , Dendooven Luc
Published: May 2021

Halophiles can be found in hypersaline environments and they can synthesize products of industrial interest.
Method: In this work, 37 bacterial strains were isolated from the sediment of a dried-out maar of the “Hoya Rincón de Parangueo” (Mexico) on different culture media with 20% NaCl and pH 9, while potential industrial extracellular enzymes were determined.
Results: Eight genera Salsuginibacillus, Alkalibacillus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Oceanobacillus, Halomonas and Nesterenkonia besides 15 distinct species belonging to Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified. The L371, LTA7 and SU3 isolates produced proteases, M20, L5, L7, L8, Y1, Y2, M3, M9 and RA lipases, LTA4 and SU3 amylases, while LTA7, Y2, M5, M9 and RA caseinases with enzymatic activity at pH 9. Production of siderophore was found in 17 isolates. Discussion or Conclusion: It is reported for the first experimental evidence of siderophores production by N. alba, Alkalibacillus and Oceanobacillus at 6% NaCl (w/v). Isolates RE, RG1, RG2, RH1, RA and I11 showed 2.8% to 4.1% genetic distance with Nesterenkonia species and might represent new species.
La maternidad: percepción universitaria sobre sus efectos en el ámbito laboral, académico y social
Authors: Hernández Herrera Claudia Alejandra
Published: May 2021

La maternidad—uno de los roles más exigentes y no remunerados—puede ocasionar, cuando se presenta en la adolescencia, que las mujeres suspendan o abandonen sus estudios, lo que limita sus oportunidades de trabajo y desarrollo profesional, aunado al posible rechazo y discriminación de la sociedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las percepciones que tienen los jóvenes universitarios mexicanos con respecto a la maternidad en el ámbito laboral, escolar y social.
Método: Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo. Los datos se recabaron por medio de un cuestionario con escala tipo Likert, el cual se aplicó a 2 360 jóvenes de dos instituciones de educación superior de la Ciudad de México, durante los meses de septiembre a noviembre de 2017. Se empleó análisis factorial y modelos lineales generalizados.
Resultados: Se encontró que los hombres, hijos de madres que se dedicaban al hogar, fueron los que percibieron más fuerte, que la maternidad es un obstáculo para el empleo femenino. En las mujeres quienes tenían una actividad laboral, tuvieron una menor percepción de que la maternidad fuera un obstáculo para el sector laboral.  
Conclusión: Se concluye que los varones siguen manteniendo las creencias de que la maternidad es un obstáculo que corta la vida laboral de las mujeres, debido a que ellos continúan atribuyéndoles a ellas la responsabilidad de la crianza de los hijos, así como la prevención del embarazo.
Evaluación de control y filtros fraccionales en la reducción de la interacción del acoplamiento cruzado en el modelo no lineal de una estación hidroeléctrica
Authors: Muñoz-Hernández Germán Ardul , Díaz-Sánchez Alejandro , Gracios-Marín Carlos Arturo , Castañeda-Camacho Josefina
Published: May 2021

En este artículo, un modelo matemático multivariable no lineal de una central hidroeléctrica reversible, desarrollado en Matlab-Simulink, es empleado para evaluar el desempeño de un controlador Proporcional Integral Derivativo (pseudo derivativo) con anti-windup, donde las acciones integral y derivativa son de orden fraccional. Este control se muestra robusto, manteniendo su rendimiento tanto en el caso de respuesta directa como en la respuesta de acoplamiento cruzado. De igual forma, se muestra la ventaja de usar un filtro para reducir la interacción de acoplamiento cruzado de este sistema. El efecto de este filtro, de orden fraccional, en el desempeño del sistema, se muestra mediante la reducción de la integral del error cuadrático.
Vitorlás kishajóra ható ellenállás erő visgálata hajtáslánc csere okozta merülésváltozás esetén numerikus áramlástani szimulációk használatával
Authors: Ficzere Péter , Lévai Emese
Published: May 2021

Kedvtelési célú vízijárművek esetén a környezetvédelmi okokból egyre szigorodó szabályok miatt a motoros hajtások megoldásaiba való beavatkozás napjainkban gyakori munkafolyamat. Belsőégésű motorról elektromos motorra való átváltáskor a merülésváltozás hajónként eltérő, azonban közösen elmondható minden esetben, hogy a tömeg változásával a merülés is változik. Emiatt a hajóra ható ellenállási erő nagysága is változik. Jelen cikkben egy konkrét példán keresztül vizsgáljuk, milyen hozadékai vannak a tömegnövekedés okozta merülésváltozásnak különféle haladási sebességeknél.
Generative Design of a Mechanical Pedal
Authors: Nisar Mohammad Musa , Zia Salman , Fenoon Mahmoud , Alquabeh Omar
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, there are various tools that support the initial stages of design available to use for engineers, the traditional Computer-Aided Design (CAD) has been implemented in the engineering components design and replaced manual drafting. However, with the advances and the rapid technology development, new trends emerged to cope with this evolution, namely, Generative Design, Topology Optimization, and Generative Engineering Design. The method is based on numerical algorithms that generate a variety of design and modelling options based on the criteria and constraints set by the designer to allow further design exploration. Proposed in this paper is an implementation of the generative design of a mechanical pedal with further finite element analysis.
Latest Trends and New Tools Being Used in Strategic Management
Authors: Prof. Dr. Nábrádi András , Forest David , Bittner Beáta , Kovács Tünde Zita , Madai Hajnalka , Dr. Nagy Adrián
Published: May 2021

In today’s rapidly changing world, there is an increased need for excellent strategic planning. A firm’s survival may indeed hinge on the firm’s planning process being exemplary. Various aspects of the strategic planning process are under review today as organizations wrestle to compete more effectively in an ever-changing world. This paper reveals and describes five new trends or tools being utilized today by firms to more effectively engage in strategic planning. Specifically, the new trends and tools to be discussed in this paper are as follows: increased need to follow a strategic planning model; increased need to develop quality vision and mission statements; a new improved method for incorporating SWOT analysis into practice. Utilizing two matrices one internal and one external to provide a less biased way to access the current strategy fit with conditions facing the firm. Explain the use of a decision matrix commonly called the QSPM (Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix) for assessing the relative attractiveness of various strategies being considered for implementation. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with basic new tools and techniques being used by organizations to effectively develop an improved strategic plan for the firm.
LOCATION HOUSING AFFORDABILITY INDEX: ANALYSING THE RELATIONSHIPS
Authors: Hassan Mohd Azren , Abdullah Yusfida Ayu , Omar Dasimah , Danial Muhammad Hakim
Published: May 2021

Previous studies claimed that Malaysia is inclined towards a severely unaffordable housing price. Despite such crucial studies, the topics do not provide sufficient empirical evidence to establish a relationship between housing prices, housing and transportation expenditure in Malaysia. Therefore, this study examines the role of these variables in determining the Location Housing Affordability Index. The research had therefore identified measurement items that contribute to Location Housing Affordability Index. The primary data was obtained from urban areas in the Klang Valley using questionnaires, where a total of 363 respondents were selected using the Simple Random Sampling technique. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) method was adopted in analysing the collected data to determine the relationship. The outcome demonstrated the relationship between housing price, housing and transportation expenditure, indicating the significance of the Location Housing Affordability Index and can be a reference for housing policymakers.
ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PLOT RATIO AS A DEVELOPMENT CONTROL TOOL IN GEORGE TOWN, PENANG
Authors: Abd Razak Syafiqah Humairah , Yin Izuandi
Published: May 2021

This paper investigates the changes of buildings to what extent the regulations related to plot ratio are implemented in the city of George Town, Penang, give impact on land use distribution. This study used a quantitative method by conducting field observations to identify building heights in the city of George Town, which was divided into two segments of the road. Then, GIS software was also used as one of the instruments to map the compliance analysis on study area in the city for the development control tool. The results show that quantitatively, the buildings along Jalan Dato Keramat that have been monopolised by residential activities acquire a higher building height and the maximum of plot ratio caps. There is only a small portion in Jalan Gurdwara that complies with the plot ratio limit. However, the characteristics of the area were determined by several parameters, such as building height, zoning land use activities, and building conformity. Thus, more detailed regulations regarding the changes in shape and plot ratio cap according to zoning activities on the exact location and activities are highly required.
The effect of consuming Pokea clam meat on nitric oxide plasma levels in hypertensive patients in Sampara District, Konawe District
Authors: Sudayasa I Putu , As’ad Suryani , Natsir Rosdiana , Hadju Venny , Hatta Mochammad , Massi Muh. Nasrum , Bahar Burhanuddin , Rahmadhani Sri , Hala Yusminah , Alifariki La Ode
Published: May 2021

The high number of vitamins and minerals in Pokea meat encouraged us to determine the effect of consuming Pokea meat on Nitric Oxide Plasma levels in patients with hypertension and normotension. This study aimed to analyze Pokea meat consumption (Batissa violacea var. celebensis von Martens) on plasma oxide (NO) levels in hypertensive patients in Sampara, Konawe District. This research uses an observational analytic method with a case-control study design through molecular biology approach. The sample comprises 60 people consisting of 30 case samples and 30 control samples using the purposive sampling technique. Laboratory examination data is on NO plasma levels. Statistical analysis used data analysis use-dependent t-test. The distribution of Pokea meat consumption variables in the Hypertension group respondents had a mean value of 35.14 ± 17.66, while in the Non-Hypertension group of respondents was 41.10 ± 19.82. In the variable nitric oxide, the Hypertension group had a mean and standard deviation of 69.48 ± 42.78 µmol / L while the Non-Hypertension group had a mean and standard deviation of 262.8 ± 39.90 µmol / L. The statistical test analysis results showed an effect of Pokea consumption on plasma NO levels (p = 0,000). Pokea Consumption Influences NO Plasma Levels in Hypertension Patients, and there are also differences in NO Plasma Levels in Patients with Hypertension and non-hypertension in Sampara District, Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi.
Induction of apoptosis by Kola nut extract as a recent and promising treatment strategy for Leukemia
Authors: Alsaeedi Hamdah , Qahwaji Rowaid , Qadah Talal
Published: May 2021

Kola nut extracts have recently been reported to contain chemopreventive compounds providing several pharmacological benefits. This study investigated Kola nut extracts' anti-cancer activity on human immortalized myelogenous leukemia cell line K562 through apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Fresh Kola nuts were prepared as powder and dissolved in DMSO. Different concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 μg/ml) of working solutions were prepared. The K562 cells were treated with the different concentrations of Kola nut extract or vehicle control (10% DMSO) followed by incubation at 37°C for 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively.
Treatment activity was investigated in K562 cells; by Resazurin, and FITC/Propidium Iodide and 7-AAD stained cells to evaluate apoptotic cells and the cell cycle's progression. Inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation was observed. The extract effectively induced cell death, early and late apoptosis by approximately 30% after 24 and 48 hours incubation, and an increase in the rate of dead cells by 50% was observed after 72 hours of incubation. Also, cell growth reduction was seen at high dose concentrations (150 and 200 µg/ml), as evident by cell count once treated with Kola nut extract. The total number of apoptotic cells increased from 5.8% of the control group to 27.4% at 250 µg/ml concentration.
Moreover, Kola nut extracts' effects on K562 cells increased gradually in a dose and time-dependent manner. It was observed that Kola nut extracts could arrest the cell cycle in the G2/M phase as an increase in the number of cells by 29.8% and 14.6 % were observed from 9.8% and 5.2% after 24 and 48 hours of incubation, respectively. This increase was detected in a dose and time-dependent manner. Kola nut extracts can be used as a novel anti-cancer agent in Leukemia treatment as it has shown significant therapeutic potential and therefore provides new insights in understanding the mechanisms of its action.
Keywords: Kola nut extracts, Leukemia, K562 cell line, Apoptosis, Cancer.
COVID-19 infected patients in a Hemodialysis facility in Ecuador, 2020.
Authors: Hernández Mario , Fors Emilio , Massuht Fresia , Figueredo Ingrid , Caballero Raúl , Berruz Christian , Ramirez Yinet , Bernal Elsa , Fors Martha
Published: May 2021

We retrospectively analyzed the data of 38 hemodialysis patients with COVID-19, including demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from the medical records of patients from Reynadial center from April to June 2020. Of 125 patients from the clinic, 38 (30.4%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. The third part of patients (12) died, the mortality rate was 31%. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 61±13 years, 57.9% were men. The most common symptoms were shortness of breath and cough; 80% of patients had fever on admission, and more than 90% had hypertension. No significant differences were observed between survivors and non-survivors in demographic and epidemiological characteristics except for gender. We found statistically significant differences between blood pressure and weight before and after the infection by COVID-19. We found a high COVID-19 prevalence in our hemodialysis patients and a high rate of deaths among them, with non-significant statistical differences between survivors and non-survivors of the disease regarding most of the variables studied.
Biorremediación de carbamazepina por hongos y bacterias en aguas residuales
Authors: Morales Leslie Tatiana , Méndez Gabriela Inés
Published: May 2021

La carbamazepina (CBZ), un fármaco psiquiátrico, antiepiléptico; mayormente utilizado en la actualidad para tratar enfermedades como la epilepsia y neuralgia del trigémino; es un contaminante emergente, considerado como una fuente importante de contaminación de fuentes hídricas, al no ser totalmente metabolizado por el organismo y ser excretado por vía urinaria y fecal, sin cambios o en forma de metabolitos conjugados. Estos contaminantes pasan por tratamientos de aguas residuales, sin embargo, los tratamientos convencionales no son capaces de degradarlo, produciendo daños a los seres vivos que habitan y necesitan de este recurso natural para poder sobrevivir. Frente a este problema, el objetivo de esta revisión fue identificar tratamientos biológicos con la utilización de microorganismos (bacterias y hongos) para la degradación de este compuesto recalcitrante. Los microorganismos identificados con mayor porcentaje de degradación de carbamazepina fueron Labrys portucalensis F11 y Trametes versicolor; la primera una bacteria que se adapta a diferentes fuentes de carbono; y el segundo un hongo denominado de pudrición de la madera, que presenta enzimas oxidativas que le permiten degradar una amplia gama de contaminantes emergentes. Trametes versicolor, es el microorganismo mayormente estudiado para los procesos de degradación de carbamazepina, con porcentajes de degradación de hasta el 94% a una temperatura de 25°C y un pH de 4.5.
Hepatobiliary involvement in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Amin Akbarzadeh Mohammad , Mohammad-Salar Hosseini
Published: May 2021

As the new data emerges from the studies regarding COVID-19 infection, various complications are detected among the infected patients. Unlike its name, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not limited to the respiratory system1. Some studies have suggested the impact of COVID-19 on liver function2,3. Since the liver plays essential intoxication, enzyme activation, storage, and synthesis of necessary proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, the potential liver complications may affect the body beyond ordinary expectations.
A Competitive Analysis Of Top Ten Pharmaceutical Companies In India
Authors: Saha Anupam , Das Arijit , Dutta Subhasish , Mandal Suprodip
Published: May 2021

Contemplating the activities and conduct of close contenders is fundamental. Competitive analysis is a significant piece of the vital arranging process, and the wellsprings of such Web data are enhanced, and the data are refreshed much of the time. This expansive intrigue has brought about different definitions and conceptualizations of recognizable contender proof just as different ways to deal with considering it, which disables the reconciliation of existing information planned for responding to fundamental inquiries regarding its revenue, procedures, and suggestions. To compete with the opposition organizations are against, it is essential to survey things that are genuinely working in the business. Inquire about rely upon measurable studying, which is limited most definitely and limit. There can be more recommendations, which can show profitability to the association. In this task, the top ten pharmaceutical organizations of India are firmly watched. The absolute positioning gives according to general income, i.e., overall revenue.
Assessing sugarcane brown rust resistance using Image analysis
Authors: Puchades-Izaguirre Yaquelin Puchades-Izaguirre , Tamayo-Isaac Mónica , Abiche-Maceo Wilfre , Rodríguez-Gross Reynaldo , Hechavarría María La O , Rodríguez-Regal Mérida L.
Published: May 2021

Image analysis provides an accurate and precise method of pest evaluation. This work's objective was to compare the usefulness of the ImageJ® 1.43u image processor and visual estimation as methods to characterize brown rust lesions and estimate the resistance of new sugarcane cultivars. For this, leaves images of 10 cultivars were captured, and the parameters quantity, most regular size of the pustules, and leaf area affected were determined. The data were correlated with the eight control (standard) genotypes' evaluations to obtain a classification of disease resistance. The results showed that the software's determinations were the most accurate, although all the methods were reliable for rating the reaction to brown rust. Therefore, it is proposed to move away from visual disease assessment toward a system based on digital image analysis.
Using Social Media for the Prevention of Pediatric Burn Injuries: Pilot Design and Usability Study
Authors: Batra Nikita , Colson Cindy D , Alberto Emily C , Burd Randall S
Published: May 2021

Background

Most pediatric burn injuries are preventable. Social media is an effective method for delivering large-scale messaging and may be useful for injury prevention in this domain.

Objective

This study evaluates the feasibility of creating a social media campaign for pediatric burn injury prevention.

Methods

Ad spots containing a headline, short introduction, and video were created and posted on Facebook and Instagram over 4 months. Ad spots were targeted to parents and caregivers of children in our region with the highest number of burn injuries. We assessed the impact of each ad set using ThruPlays, reach, and video plays.

Results

We created 55 ad spots, with an average length of 24.1 (range 10-44) seconds. We reached 26,496 people during the campaign. The total ThruPlays of the 55 ad spots were 14,460 at US $0.19 per ThruPlay. Ad spots related to home safety had a significantly higher daily ThruPlay rate than those related to fire safety (6.5 vs 0.5 per day; P<.001).

Conclusions

Social media is a feasible modality for delivering public health messages focused on preventing pediatric burn injuries. Engagement with these ads is influenced by ad presentation and the focus of the underlying injury prevention message.
eHealth Implementation Issues in Low-Resource Countries: Model, Survey, and Analysis of User Experience
Authors: Archer Norman , Lokker Cynthia , Ghasemaghaei Maryam , DiLiberto Deborah
Published: May 2021

Background

The implementation of eHealth in low-resource countries (LRCs) is challenged by limited resources and infrastructure, lack of focus on eHealth agendas, ethical and legal considerations, lack of common system interoperability standards, unreliable power, and shortage of trained workers.

Objective

The aim of this study is to describe and study the current situation of eHealth implementation in a small number of LRCs from the perspectives of their professional eHealth users.

Methods

We developed a structural equation model that reflects the opinions of professional eHealth users who work on LRC health care front lines. We recruited country coordinators from 4 LRCs to help recruit survey participants: India, Egypt, Nigeria, and Kenya. Through a web-based survey that focused on barriers to eHealth implementation, we surveyed 114 participants. We analyzed the information using a structural equation model to determine the relationships among the constructs in the model, including the dependent variable, eHealth utilization.

Results

Although all the model constructs were important to participants, some constructs, such as user characteristics, perceived privacy, and perceived security, did not play a significant role in eHealth utilization. However, the constructs related to technology infrastructure tended to reduce the impact of concerns and uncertainties (path coefficient=−0.32; P=.001), which had a negative impact on eHealth utilization (path coefficient=−0.24; P=.01). Constructs that were positively related to eHealth utilization were implementation effectiveness (path coefficient=0.45; P<.001), the countries where participants worked (path coefficient=0.29; P=.004), and whether they worked for privately or publicly funded institutions (path coefficient=0.18; P<.001). As exploratory research, the model had a moderately good fit for eHealth utilization (adjusted R2=0.42).

Conclusions

eHealth success factors can be categorized into 5 groups; our study focused on frontline eHealth workers’ opinions concerning 2 of these groups: technology and its support infrastructure and user acceptance. We found significant disparities among the responses from different participant groups. Privately funded organizations tended to be further ahead with eHealth utilization than those that were publicly funded. Moreover, participant comments identified the need for more use of telemedicine in remote and rural regions in these countries. An understanding of these differences can help regions or countries that are lagging in the implementation and use of eHealth technologies. Our approach could also be applied to detailed studies of the other 3 categories of success factors: short- and long-term funding, organizational factors, and political or legislative aspects.
Correlation of Population SARS-CoV-2 Cycle Threshold Values to Local Disease Dynamics: Exploratory Observational Study
Authors: Tso Chak Foon , Garikipati Anurag , Green-Saxena Abigail , Mao Qingqing , Das Ritankar
Published: May 2021

Background

Despite the limitations in the use of cycle threshold (CT) values for individual patient care, population distributions of CT values may be useful indicators of local outbreaks.

Objective

We aimed to conduct an exploratory analysis of potential correlations between the population distribution of cycle threshold (CT) values and COVID-19 dynamics, which were operationalized as percent positivity, transmission rate (Rt), and COVID-19 hospitalization count.

Methods

In total, 148,410 specimens collected between September 15, 2020, and January 11, 2021, from the greater El Paso area were processed in the Dascena COVID-19 Laboratory. The daily median CT value, daily Rt, daily count of COVID-19 hospitalizations, daily change in percent positivity, and rolling averages of these features were plotted over time. Two-way scatterplots and linear regression were used to evaluate possible associations between daily median CT values and outbreak measures. Cross-correlation plots were used to determine whether a time delay existed between changes in daily median CT values and measures of community disease dynamics.

Results

Daily median CT values negatively correlated with the daily Rt values (P<.001), the daily COVID-19 hospitalization counts (with a 33-day time delay; P<.001), and the daily changes in percent positivity among testing samples (P<.001). Despite visual trends suggesting time delays in the plots for median CT values and outbreak measures, a statistically significant delay was only detected between changes in median CT values and COVID-19 hospitalization counts (P<.001).

Conclusions

This study adds to the literature by analyzing samples collected from an entire geographical area and contextualizing the results with other research investigating population CT values.
Preferences of the Public for Sharing Health Data: Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Viberg Johansson Jennifer , Bentzen Heidi Beate , Shah Nisha , Haraldsdóttir Eik , Jónsdóttir Guðbjörg Andrea , Kaye Jane , Mascalzoni Deborah , Veldwijk Jorien
Published: May 2021

Background

Digital technological development in the last 20 years has led to significant growth in digital collection, use, and sharing of health data. To maintain public trust in the digital society and to enable acceptable policy-making in the future, it is important to investigate people’s preferences for sharing digital health data.

Objective

The aim of this study is to elicit the preferences of the public in different Northern European countries (the United Kingdom, Norway, Iceland, and Sweden) for sharing health information in different contexts.

Methods

Respondents in this discrete choice experiment completed several choice tasks, in which they were asked if data sharing in the described hypothetical situation was acceptable to them. Latent class logistic regression models were used to determine attribute-level estimates and heterogeneity in preferences. We calculated the relative importance of the attributes and the predicted acceptability for different contexts in which the data were shared from the estimates.

Results

In the final analysis, we used 37.83% (1967/5199) questionnaires. All attributes influenced the respondents’ willingness to share health information (P<.001). The most important attribute was whether the respondents were informed about their data being shared. The possibility of opting out from sharing data was preferred over the opportunity to consent (opt-in). Four classes were identified in the latent class model, and the average probabilities of belonging were 27% for class 1, 32% for class 2, 23% for class 3, and 18% for class 4. The uptake probability varied between 14% and 85%, depending on the least to most preferred combination of levels.

Conclusions

Respondents from different countries have different preferences for sharing their health data regarding the value of a review process and the reason for their new use. Offering respondents information about the use of their data and the possibility to opt out is the most preferred governance mechanism.
Using Machine Learning–Based Approaches for the Detection and Classification of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Misinformation: Infodemiology Study of Reddit Discussions (Preprint)
Authors: Du Jingcheng , Preston Sharice , Sun Hanxiao , Shegog Ross , Cunningham Rachel , Boom Julie , Savas Lara , Amith Muhammad , Tao Cui
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

The rapid growth of social media as an information channel has made it possible to quickly spread inaccurate or false vaccine information, thus creating obstacles for vaccine promotion.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate an intelligent automated protocol for identifying and classifying human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine misinformation on social media using machine learning (ML)–based methods.

METHODS

Reddit posts (from 2007 to 2017, N=28,121) that contained keywords related to HPV vaccination were compiled. A random subset (2200/28,121, 7.82%) was manually labeled for misinformation and served as the gold standard corpus for evaluation. A total of 5 ML-based algorithms, including a support vector machine, logistic regression, extremely randomized trees, a convolutional neural network, and a recurrent neural network designed to identify vaccine misinformation, were evaluated for identification performance. Topic modeling was applied to identify the major categories associated with HPV vaccine misinformation.

RESULTS

A convolutional neural network model achieved the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7943. Of the 28,121 Reddit posts, 7207 (25.63%) were classified as vaccine misinformation, with discussions about general safety issues identified as the leading type of misinformed posts (2666/7207, 36.99%).

CONCLUSIONS

ML-based approaches are effective in the identification and classification of HPV vaccine misinformation on Reddit and may be generalizable to other social media platforms. ML-based methods may provide the capacity and utility to meet the challenge involved in intelligent automated monitoring and classification of public health misinformation on social media platforms. The timely identification of vaccine misinformation on the internet is the first step in misinformation correction and vaccine promotion.

CLINICALTRIAL
Effect of Early Application of Nursing Rehabilitation on Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in Phu Tho General Hospital, Vi-etnam: Heavy Case Observation (Preprint)
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Huy , Nguyen An Quang , Lam Mai Thuy , Nguyen Thong Van
Published: May 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Globally, stroke is considered to be the most common cause of disability in adults. Most patients need nursing intervention to recover their normal functions. Moreover, early nursing intervention is recommended as soon as possible. Case study: The paper describes the outcomes of a 60-year-old patient with stroke according to an assessment of motor control conducted using the Bobath and Barthel index scoring form. He was diagnosed with cerebral infarction and hypertension. At the time, he was unable to sit, stand, or walk. The man was indicated for early nursing interven-tion immediately after hospitalization for one day. After hospitalization for 6 weeks, the patient was able to sit, stand, and walk with moderate assistance.
Marginal cost of multiple nomenclature conventions for SARS-CoV-2 variants (Preprint)
Authors: Hu Zhiwen , Huang Zhangqiu , Hu Qihao , Liu Mengting , Jiang Haihua
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Scientists placed less aligned emphasis on naming the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, and yet a holistic standard nomenclature scheme for viral variants remains to be fleshed out and full-fledged. In the context of the COVID-19 infodemic, the global profusion of stigmatizing geographical names for those variants have found their way into daily communication at the cost of social stigma in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines why standard nomenclature for SARS-CoV-2 variants rises to the occasion, as well as the rational principles of a curated nomenclature framework for viral variants and abbreviations.

METHODS

In the scientometric analysis experiment, we retrieved the metadata of 693 articles from the Web of Science Core Collections between 30 December 2019 and 25 March 2021, to demonstrate the stigmatizing geographical names of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the scientific sphere. In the global online news coverage experiments, we examined the compiled global online news volumes and emotional tones between December 2019 and May 2021 to demonstrate the emotional polarity of the contextualizing stigma over time. The results could cover 65 multilingual textual and visual narratives by leveraging the capacity of GDELT’s machine translation and neural network image recognition. In the genomic epidemiology experiment, we reproduced the genomic epidemiology of evolutionary SARS-CoV-2 exemplified by 3955 genomes from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic based on the Nextstrain database.

RESULTS

The results of the scientometric analysis show that some racial stereotypes of SARS-CoV-2 variants like “UK variant” have found their way in scientific literature. The global online news coverage experiments also indicate that such flawed word-blends are widely professed in news outlets in 65 different languages. After December 2020, those contextualizing stigmas in textual and visual narratives with extremely negative tones are fuelling the current COVID-19 infodemic in up to 100 countries. The genomic epidemiology experiment exemplifies that simply distinguishing variants based on the presumed locations would introduce new confusions in both the scientific sphere and the public.

CONCLUSIONS

The surveys suggest that current collective propensities to contextualizing stigmas would result in social costs, without a one-size-fits-all nomenclature framework for SARS-CoV-2 variants. Such urgent concern that evoked by multiple nomenclature conventions needs coordinated global responses. As an integral component of preparedness, we propose the rational principles of a standard nomenclature framework for viral variants and abbreviations based on heuristic introspection of naming practices for viral variants.
Genetic emergence of B.1.617 in COVID-19 (Preprint)
Authors: Kirola Laxmi
Published: May 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

NONE
The Carrying Capacity Assessment of Two MRTStations Transit-Oriented Development Areas in Jakarta
Authors: Hasibuan Hayati Sari , Sodri Ahyahudin , Harmain Riza
Published: May 2021

Many studies have investigated the effects of transit-oriented development (TOD) on density, design, diversity development, and transit ridership. However, fewer studies address the issue of carrying capacity of TOD. This paper aims to assess TOD areas' carrying capacity using four criteria (land capability, water availability, socio-economic, and green infrastructure) and  14 indicators on Jakarta's two TOD areas. These results show that even though both of the TOD area, Dukuh Atas and Lebak Bulus, are in the good of carrying capacity in land capability, there are some issues to address the possibility of water availability. For TOD's success, the socio-economic criteria should be promoted in the fringe-urban TOD area like Lebak Bulus. We identified the green infrastructure, such as pedestrian, cycling route, and green open space, still in low development and should be pursued to extend the TOD carrying capacity for the future.
Lineament Extraction using Gravity Data in the Citarum Watershed
Authors: Nugraha Gumilar Utamas , Goal Karit Lumban , Handayani Lina , Lubis Rachmat Fajar
Published: May 2021

Lineament is one of the most important features showing subsurface elements or structural weakness such as faults. This study aims to identify subsurface lineament patterns using automatic lineament in Citarum watershed with gravity data. Satellite gravity data were used to generate a sub-surface lineament. Satellite gravity data corrected using Bouguer and terrain correction to obtain a complete Bouguer anomaly value. Butterworth filters were used to separate regional and residual anomaly from the complete Bouguer anomaly value. Residual anomaly gravity data used to analyze sub-surface lineament. Lineament generated using Line module in PCI Geomatica to obtain sub-surface lineament from gravity residual value. The orientations of lineaments and fault lines were created by using rose diagrams. The main trends observed in the lineament map could be recognized in these diagrams, showing a strongly major trend in NW-SE, and the subdominant directions were in N-S. Area with a high density of lineament located at the Southern part of the study area. High-density lineament might be correlated with fractured volcanic rock upstream of the Citarum watershed, meanwhile, low-density lineament is associated with low-density sediment. The high-density fracture might be associated with intensive tectonics and volcanism.
The Millennials Metacognitive Assessment toward Flood-Disaster in Semarang City
Authors: Suharini Erni , Kurniawan Edi
Published: May 2021

Disaster management action should be built up through developing metacognitive and action skills. The metacognitive strategy includes aspects of knowledge about when and how to use it by type, specific technique, and response that are assumed related to deal with disasters. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the metacognitive abilities of millennials who are affected by disasters and its relation to disaster management. This study used an observatory exploration and inventory (EOI) method involving 248 respondents in flood-prone areas in the city of Semarang. Data were obtained using a questionnaire-based Guttman model electronic survey as many as 52 statements to inventory metacognition abilities and 48 statements related to actions in flood disaster management. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s linear and regression analysis. The non-parametric analysis: Kruskal-Wallis test was run to distinguish metacognitive scores in dealing with food-related problems among millennials groups. For metacognitive awareness, the cognition knowledge was higher than controlling knowledge (p < 0.05). The highest score of metacognitive variables was debugging strategy, which represents a corrective attitude. As described in the value of conditional knowledge, the ability to think fast shows that the millennials are quickly responding and understanding how to act. Most of the respondent actively involved in mitigation and rehabilitation as a volunteer in youth-events such us mangrove planting and cleaning plastic-trash in coastal areas. But, lack involvement of millennial in arranging flood-disaster management make less youth’s responsibility during the disaster. It should be overcome to create a comprehensive approach to community-based disaster resilience.