bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new species of the genus Indigofera (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) from central Mexico
Authors: RZEDOWSKI JERZY , GRETHER ROSAURA
Published: October 2018

Two new species of Indigofera from central Mexico are described and illustrated. Indigofera sousae, from northwestern Michoacán, is related to I. constricta known in the Mexican states of Sinaloa to Guerrero. Indigofera uniseminalis, from northeastern Guanajuato, is similar to I. sphaerocarpa, reported from southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, and to I. jaliscensis, of the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt.
Verbascum faik-karaveliogullarii (Scrophulariaceae), a new species from southeastern Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: ÇINGAY BURÇİN , DEMİR OGÜN , CABİ EVREN
Published: October 2018

Verbascum faik-karaveliogullarii Çıngay & Cabi (sect. Bothrospermae) is described as new to science from Hâkkari province (SE Anatolia, Turkey). This new species shows affinities to both Verbascum afyonense from inner Anatolia and Verbascum spectabile var. isandrum from N Anatolia. Its connections to and diagnostic differences from these species are discussed. A detailed description including pollen and seed morphologies, map and threat category of the new species are also given.
A new species of Acianthera (Pleurothallidinae, Orchidaceae) from Brazil
Authors: RYKACZEWSKI MAX , DRIESSEN WIEL , KOLANOWSKA MARTA
Published: October 2018

A new species of Acianthera from Brazil is described and illustrated here. The novelty belongs to the nominal subgenus of Acianthera and it resembles Acianthera hystrix and A. portilloi but it is easily distinguishable by the external and internal pubescence of the sepals, the pubescent ovary and the lip disc ornamented with three lamellae. A dichotomous key to identification of all known species of Apoda-prorepentia group is provided.
Influence of Atmospheric Rivers on Mountain Snowpack in the Western United States
Authors: Goldenson N. , Leung L. R. , Bitz C. M. , Blanchard-Wrigglesworth E.
Published: October 2018

In the coastal mountains of western North America, most extreme precipitation is associated with atmospheric rivers (ARs), narrow bands of moisture originating in the tropics. Here we quantify how interannual variability in atmospheric rivers influences snowpack in the western United States in observations and a model. We simulate the historical climate with the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) with physics from the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 [CAM5 (MPAS-CAM5)], using prescribed sea surface temperatures. In the global variable-resolution domain, regional refinement (at ~30 km) is applied to our region of interest and upwind over the northeast Pacific. To better characterize internal variability, we conduct simulations with three ensemble members over 30 years of the historical period. In the Cascade Range, with some exceptions, winters with more atmospheric river days are associated with less snowpack. In California’s Sierra Nevada, winters with more ARs are associated with greater snowpack. The slope of the linear regression of observed snow water equivalent (SWE) on reanalysis-based AR count has the same sign as that arrived at using the model, but is statistically significant in observations only for California. In spring, internal variance plays an important role in determining whether atmospheric river days appear to be associated with greater or less snowpack. The cumulative (winter through spring) number of atmospheric river days, on the other hand, has a relationship with spring snowpack, which is consistent across ensemble members. Thus, the impact of atmospheric rivers on winter snowpack has a greater influence on spring snowpack than spring atmospheric rivers in the model for both regions and in California consistently in observations.
Cross Validation of Rainfall Characteristics Estimated from the TRMM PR, a Combined PR–TMI Algorithm, and a C-POL Ground Radar during the Passage of Tropical Cyclone and Nontropical Cyclone Events over Darwin, Australia
Authors: Deo Anil , Munchak S. Joseph , Walsh Kevin J. E.
Published: October 2018

This study cross validates the radar reflectivity Z; the rainfall drop size distribution parameter (median volume diameter Do); and the rainfall rate R estimated from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite Precipitation Radar (PR), a combined PR and TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) algorithm (COM), and a C-band dual-polarized ground radar (GR) for TRMM overpasses during the passage of tropical cyclone (TC) and non-TC events over Darwin, Australia. Two overpass events during the passage of TC Carlos and 11 non-TC overpass events are used in this study, and the GR is taken as the reference. It is shown that the correspondence is dependent on the precipitation type whereby events with more (less) stratiform rainfall usually have a positive (negative) bias in the reflectivity and the rainfall rate, whereas in the Do the bias is generally positive but small (large). The COM reflectivity estimates are similar to the PR, but it has a smaller bias in the Do for most of the greater stratiform events. This suggests that combining the TMI with the PR adjusts the Do toward the “correct” direction if the GR is taken as the reference. Moreover, the association between the TRMM estimates and the GR for the two TC events, which are highly stratiform in nature, is similar to that observed for the highly stratiform non-TC events (there is no significant difference), but it differs considerably from that observed for the majority of the highly convective non-TC events.
Lotus Birth: A Case Series Report on Umbilical Nonseverance
Authors: Monroe Kimberly K. , Rubin Alexandra , Mychaliska Kerry P. , Skoczylas Maria , Burrows Heather L.
Published: October 2018

Lotus birth is the practice of leaving the umbilical cord uncut until separation occurs naturally. Our case series report describes delivery characteristics, neonatal clinical course, cord and placenta management, maternal reasons for a lotus birth, and desire for future lotus births. Between April 2014 and January 2017, six lotus births occurred. Mothers (four of the six) were contacted by phone after giving birth. A chart review was completed on each patient to evaluate if erythromycin ointment, hepatitis B vaccine, and vitamin K (intramuscular or oral) were administered, treatment of the placenta, maternal group B streptococcus status, postnatal infant fevers, infant hemoglobin or hematocrit levels, jaundice requiring phototherapy, and infant readmissions. Three of the six families decided to cut the cord before hospital discharge. No infections were noted. All contacted mothers would elect for a lotus birth again (4/6). One hepatitis B vaccine was given; all others declined perinatal immunization.
Predicting the Perceived Restorative Potential of Bird Sounds Through Acoustics and Aesthetics
Authors: Ratcliffe Eleanor , Gatersleben Birgitta , Sowden Paul T.
Published: October 2018

Some, but not all, bird sounds are associated with perceptions of restoration from stress and cognitive fatigue. The perceptual properties that might underpin these differences are understudied. In this online study, ratings of perceived restorative potential (PRP) and aesthetic properties of 50 bird sounds were provided by 174 residents of the United Kingdom. These were merged with data on objectively measured acoustic properties of the sounds. Regression analyses demonstrated that sound level, harmonics, and frequency, and perceptions of complexity, familiarity, and pattern, were significant predictors of PRP and cognitive and affective appraisals of bird sounds. These findings shed light on the structural and perceptual properties that may influence restorative potential of acoustic natural stimuli. Finally, through their potential associations with meaning, these findings highlight the importance of further study of semantic or meaning-based properties within the restorative environments literature.
The three facets of national identity: Identity dynamics and attitudes toward immigrants in Russia
Authors: Grigoryan Lusine K , Ponizovskiy Vladimir
Published: October 2018

This study contributes to the discussion on individual-level determinants of anti-immigrant prejudice by applying a multi-dimensional model of manifestations of national identity in Russia. This context is particularly interesting as anti-immigrant sentiments are widespread across all social strata and thus, socioeconomic indicators and political views are weak predictors of such sentiments. We use cross-sectional data from 1995, 2003, and 2013 ISSP National Identity module to assess the dynamics of three facets of national identity in Russia, namely nationalism, political patriotism, and cultural patriotism, and their relations with attitudes toward immigrants. We find nationalism, political patriotism, and anti-immigrant attitudes to increase over time. More importantly, our findings support the theoretical distinction between the facets of national identity: nationalism is linked to anti-immigrant attitudes, political patriotism is linked to more positive attitudes, and cultural patriotism is largely unrelated to attitudes toward immigrants. We show that these facets of national identity have much higher predictive power than sociodemographic indicators or political views. Our findings underscore the utility of a nuanced assessment of national identity in explaining attitudes toward immigrants in non-Western contexts.
Travelling home: Diasporic dis-locations of space and place in Tendai Huchu’s The Maestro, the Magistrate and the Mathematician
Authors: Moolla F. Fiona
Published: October 2018

The Maestro, the Magistrate and the Mathematician, a novel by Zimbabwean diasporic writer Tendai Huchu, adds to a growing body of global immigrant fiction. Huchu’s novel concerning Zimbabwean émigrés in the United Kingdom displays a heightened spatial consciousness that self-reflexively complicates the spatial tropes and trends of much migrant literature. The Maestro, the Magistrate and the Mathematician generates an unrelenting dialectic in which the national home, both for migrants and citizens, is often unhomely, while host spaces yield to various forms of place-making and belonging. City space, in this case the city of Edinburgh, is shown through the unique mobilities of the three protagonists to produce different senses of identity. However, the forms of identity that emerge ultimately succumb to the spatial implosion represented by the death (in contained spaces) of two of the principal characters, whose city perambulations are thus brought to a halt. The reader discovers, furthermore, that the third character is not the cartographer of his re-orienting mental map of the host city, but that his itinerary has been directed all along by a sinister Zimbabwean expatriate, to whom the third character, fooled by this regime spy’s buffoonery, condescends, and patronizes at his peril.
The Construal of Workplace Incivility in Honor Cultures: Evidence From Turkey
Authors: Wasti S. Arzu , Erdaş K. Duygu
Published: October 2018

Most research on workplace incivility has been conducted in the United States, where the cultural logic of dignity prescribes that individuals’ worthiness be determined in reference to self-set standards. This inductive study explores the construal of workplace incivility in a contrasting cultural logic of honor, where an individual’s worth is largely dependent on the esteem of others. In particular, it seeks to understand how the logic of honor may influence which behaviors are labeled as incivility and which criteria are used to appraise uncivil behaviors in the Turkish context. In the first phase of the study, we asked 53 Turkish employees for examples of workplace incivility behaviors and generated 32 incivility episodes. In the second and third phases, using data from 35 business students and 106 Turkish employees, we analyzed these episodes using multidimensional scaling technique. The results suggested that workplace incivility may have both universal and culturally salient manifestations, and that Turkish respondents appraised uncivil behaviors along three dimensions: honor threatening versus ordinary, excluding versus intruding, inoffensive versus offensive. We further observed that Turkish participants differentiated the power of the instigator (supervisor vs. coworker) as well as the omission of versus commission of behaviors. We discuss the results with a focus on understanding how the honor logic may manifest itself in professional relationships.
Customer-Based Corporate Valuation for Publicly Traded Noncontractual Firms
Authors: McCarthy Daniel M. , Fader Peter S.
Published: October 2018

There is growing interest in “customer-based corporate valuation”—that is, explicitly tying the value of a firm’s customer base to its overall financial valuation using publicly disclosed data. While much progress has been made in building a well-validated customer-based valuation model for contractual (or subscription-based) firms, there has been little progress for noncontractual firms. Noncontractual businesses have more complex transactional patterns because customer churn is not observed, and customer purchase timing and spend amounts are more irregular. Furthermore, publicly disclosed data are aggregated over time and across customers, are often censored, and may vary from firm to firm, making it harder to estimate models for customer acquisition, ordering, and spend per order. The authors develop a general customer-based valuation methodology for noncontractual firms that accounts for these issues. They apply this methodology to publicly disclosed data from e-commerce retailers Overstock.com and Wayfair, provide valuation point estimates and valuation intervals for the firms, and compare the unit economics of newly acquired customers.
Obstruction and intimidation of peacekeepers: How armed actors undermine civilian protection efforts
Authors: Duursma Allard
Published: October 2018

While recent research focuses on why conflict parties attack peacekeepers, little attention has been given to other types of resistance against peacekeeping missions, such as intimidation and obstruction. It is argued in this article that one reason why peacekeepers are obstructed and intimidated is that armed actors that target civilians want to maintain the operational space to carry out attacks against civilians and want to prevent peacekeepers from monitoring human rights violations. A spatially and temporally disaggregated analysis on resistance against peacekeepers in Darfur between January 2008 and April 2009 indeed suggests that the intimidation and obstruction of peacekeepers is more likely to take place in areas with higher levels of violence against civilians. The findings hold when taking into account the non-random occurrence of violence against civilians through matching the data. Finally, anecdotal evidence from other sites of armed conflict than Darfur suggests that resistance against peacekeepers in these cases is also likely to be related to the targeting of civilians. This suggest that in order to be effective in protecting civilians, peace missions should not only be robust as highlighted in previous research, but peace missions should also develop an effective strategy to deal with armed groups that try to prevent peacekeepers from fulfilling their mandate.
The Action Is Everywhere, But Greater at More Localized Spatial Scales: Comparing Concentrations of Crime across Addresses, Streets, and Neighborhoods
Authors: O’Brien Daniel T.
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

Recent work has debated which geographic scale is most relevant to understanding the clustering of crime and disorder across a city. This study introduces nested Gini coefficients that help answer this question by disentangling concentrations of crime at multiple scales in a single city while also controlling for artifacts of arithmetic and urban form.

Methods:

The study examines six indices of crime and disorder drawn from requests for government services received by the City of Boston in 2011 for addresses ( N = 98,355) nested in street segments ( N = 13,048) nested in census tracts ( N = 178). Nested Gini coefficients assessed the average concentration at each level independent of the higher geographic unit (e.g., the streets of a single tract).

Results:

Concentrations were greatest at addresses, then at streets, and then at tracts. Compared to whole-city calculations, they showed equal or greater levels of concentration of crime and disorder for addresses, but lower concentrations for streets. Controlling for the number of locations on a street or in a tract also markedly diminished concentrations.

Conclusions:

The findings indicate a continued need to explain concentrations of crime, especially at localized geographic scales.
Collective Efficacy Belief, Within-Group Agreement, and Performance Quality Among Instrumental Chamber Ensembles
Authors: Ray James , Hendricks Karin S.
Published: October 2018

We examined collective efficacy beliefs, including levels of within-group agreement and correlation with performance quality, of instrumental chamber ensembles (70 musicians, representing 18 ensembles). Participants were drawn from collegiate programs and intensive summer music festivals located in the northwestern and western regions of the United States. Individuals completed a five-item survey gauging confidence in their group’s performance abilities; each ensemble’s aggregated results represented its collective efficacy score. Ensembles provided a video-recorded performance excerpt that was rated by a panel of four string specialists. Analyses revealed moderately strong levels of collective efficacy belief and uniformly high within-group agreement. There was a significant, moderately strong correlation between collective efficacy belief and within-group agreement ( rs = .67, p < .01). We found no relationship between collective efficacy belief and performance quality across the total sample, but those factors correlated significantly for festival-based ensembles ( rs = .82, p < .05). Reliability estimates suggest that our collective efficacy survey may be suitable for use with string chamber ensembles. Correlational findings provide partial support for the theorized link between efficacy belief and performance quality in chamber music settings, suggesting the importance for music educators to ensure that positive efficacy beliefs become well founded through quality instruction.
Effects of Pre-Tuning Vocalization Behaviors on the Tuning Accuracy of College Instrumentalists
Authors: Silvey Brian A. , Nápoles Jessica , Springer D. Gregory
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two pre-tuning vocalization behaviors (humming and singing) on the tuning accuracy of woodwind and brass instrumentalists. Undergraduate collegiate musicians ( N = 72) performed a sustained stimulus pitch (concert B-flat) while engaging in one of the two conditions or the control condition (silence). We also explored the relationships between participants’ tuning accuracy and their tuning confidence, examined the reasons instrumentalists provided for their pre-tuning vocalization preferences, and compared their most accurate performance condition with the condition they perceived to result in their most accurate tuning. Although participants performed with better tuning accuracy in the singing condition than the humming and silence conditions, these differences were not significant. Correlation analyses examining relationships between participants’ tuning accuracy and their tuning confidence in each condition yielded mostly weak and nonsignificant results. Participants reported internalization of pitch, physical response, and focus of attention issues most frequently when asked why they preferred a particular tuning condition.
Surgery, obstetrics and anaesthesia: a Cambrian explosion for global health
Authors: Vaughan Kerry A , McKirdy Michael J , Meara John G
Published: October 2018

Our current global health structure has not yet evolved to do what the world needs of it. Despite significant advances in some areas of public health over the past few decades, disparities in health have worsened in many areas. The historical approach of global health governance to health issues has been overwhelmingly led by vertical, single disease efforts. Yet, this structure cannot effectively implement broad-reaching international development goals set forth by the United Nations. The solution requires a rapid evolution of the present health system conceptualisation. As the Cambrian period brought skeletal infrastructure to life on our planet with vertebrates, allowing life to take on new capabilities never before witnessed on earth, so will surgery, obstetrics and anaesthesia provide the much needed healthcare delivery infrastructure that will allow health system strengthening to take global healthcare along a new path. Surgery, anaesthesia and obstetrics form the core foundation upon which the whole of global health is built and serve as the skeletal structure and indicator of robust health systems. Integrating these domains as the backbone of health system strengthening will finally allow global health to stand and support all sectors of healthcare delivery as an equal partner in health.
Guess the weight: the accuracy of estimated weight for surgical admissions – a comparison study
Authors: Thomas Rachel AB , Empey Julie-Ann , Seth Subodh , Crozier Joseph
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

An accurate body weight is vital for safe dosing of many drugs. Weight is often unavailable for emergency admissions and an estimation is used. Emergency Department staff are poor at estimating patient weight, but no data existed for surgical admissions. This study assesses the reliability of weight estimation by patients and healthcare workers.

Methods and results

All emergency surgical patients admitted during one week were approached. If consented, four healthcare workers (consultant, foundation doctor, nurse, support worker) independently estimated their weight. The patients then gave their estimate. Actual weight was measured and data analysed. Seventy-two consecutive surgical admissions were included, aged 16–95 and 52% male. Healthcare workers correctly (within ±10% margin) estimated the weight for only 57% of patients. Further statistical analysis confirmed that staff are inaccurate estimators and patients are better at estimating their own weight (p < 0.006).

Conclusions

Staff are poor at estimating weight and the study was unable to show statistical superiority of any professional group when guessing weights. There was also a tendency for staff to increasingly under-estimate as weight increases. Patients are the most accurate estimators, but self-reporting is still too unreliable for drug dosing and should stop.
Prediction and optimization of chemical fiber spinning tension based on grey system theory
Authors: Zhou Qihong , Wei Tianlun , Qiu Yiping , Tang Fangmin , Yin Lixin , Gan Xuehui
Published: October 2018

Based on the grey prediction model, this paper studied the effect of the chemical fiber spinning process parameters on the winding tension. Suitable process parameters were selected to carry out grey incidence analysis with winding tension, and the feasibility of the grey prediction model in spinning tension prediction was validated by the designed experiments. The corresponding algorithm routines of various grey prediction models were written in MATLAB. The single-variable grey prediction model of GM(1,1) showed a higher prediction accuracy in the effect of the single process parameter changing on spinning tension; when multiple process parameters changed at the same time, the average modeling error of the MGM(1, n) multi-variable grey prediction model was 7.70%, and the maximum error was as high as 32.99%. The original MGM(1, n) model was optimized and the model background value was adjusted by using the auto-optimization and weighting method. The average modeling error of the improved model was reduced to 2.02%, which could meet the general accuracy requirement of tension prediction. Further combining fractional-order accumulation and adjusting the background value coefficient α and the cumulative order r jointly, the smallest prediction error was found among the 100,000 combinations, and the final error was further reduced to 1.30%. The results show that the grey prediction model is suitable and effective for predicting the spinning tension based on the process parameters. Appropriate model improvement mechanisms will increase the prediction accuracy significantly. This application provides a suitable method for spinning tension prediction, which has great significance for the tension control of chemical fiber products.
Reclaiming Our Time: A 21st-Century Response to Banks’ “Afro-American Scholars in the University”
Authors: Reddick Richard J.
Published: October 2018

William Banks’ 1984 article “Afro-American Scholars in the University” situated Black faculty at predominantly White institutions in a milieu noting the uses and misuses of Black scholars, constituencies in conflict, the range of responses from Black scholars, and the standards and realities for their advancement in academia. Banks further discussed the stigma of affirmative action and the burden of symbolism for Black faculty. This article, written in the #BlackLivesMatter and Trump era, engages with the same questions that Banks raised 34 years prior. This response expands the context to the field of urban education, and Black urban educators in the academy particularly, through an analysis of community engagement experiences, the burdens of cultural taxation, and the impact of affirmative action in a post-Fisher political context. Incorporating events both inside and outside of academia, the author considers the centrality of creating spaces of resistance and leveraging the gains for Black academics over the past three decades to alter the standards of the academy to support Black scholars and their allies.
Petrography and facies distribution of Middle Ordovician Ma 51 + 2 tight dolomite reservoirs in the Ordos Basin, Central China
Authors: Liu Xinshe , Zhang Daofeng , Dong Guodong , Wang Baobao , Xiao Di
Published: October 2018

The Middle Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the eastern Ordos Basin, central China, is an important area in the exploration for tight carbonate gas, especially within weathering crust layers in the first and second submembers of the fifth member of the formation (herein referred to as Ma 51 + 2). However, karstification prevents a clear understanding of the petrological characteristics and facies distribution of these layers, which hinders exploration. Based on cores, thin sections, and cathodoluminescence analysis, we investigate the petrological characteristics of Ma 51 + 2, determine the nature of lateral lithological variations in the eastern and central parts of the Ordos Basin, and constrain facies distribution in the region. In addition to karst breccias with unrecognizable parent rocks, Ma 51 + 2 comprises four lithologies: gypsum/halite mold-bearing micritic dolomite, micritic dolomite, grain dolomite, and microbial dolomite. We recognize three main sedimentary subfacies: restricted lagoon, grain shoal, and mound–shoal complex. Ma 51 + 2 records a complete transgression–regression cycle. The Ma 522 layer was deposited during a transgression associated with enhanced water circulation and abundant mound–shoal complexes, for which their frequency is positively correlated with the thickness of the unit. The Ma 512 layer and overlying deposits correspond to a regression cycle, and the abundance of mound–shoal complexes in these units is negatively correlated with layer thickness. The Ma 513 period represents the timing of maximum regression, when a gypsum-bearing dolomitic lagoon was dominant, associated with a restricted water body. The overall facies distribution is one of a restricted evaporite lagoon environment, similar to the central basin. Therefore, reservoir tightness is unlikely to be related to the sedimentary facies. The next phase of exploration should focus on “sweet spots” resulting from differential diagenesis or hydrocarbon accumulation. Our results provide guidance for research on tight carbonate reservoirs and hydrocarbon accumulation in other regions that experienced similar geological conditions.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Korean Version of Patient-Centered Care Scale for Hospital Nurses
Authors: Lee Yun Mi , Song Ju-Eun , Park Chanhee , Son Youn-Jung
Published: October 2018

Patient-centered care (PCC) encourages active collaboration and effective communication among patients, their family caregivers, and health-care providers to achieve high-quality care. Despite its importance, there is no validated and reliable Korean instrument for assessing PCC among health-care providers yet. This study aimed to establish a Korean version of the PCC (K-PCC) Scale using international translation guidelines and systematically evaluating its psychometric properties. The participants in this study were 424 nurses with a mean age of 28.07 years (±4.56) from two university hospitals in South Korea. Confirmatory factor analysis identified that the revised model, which included three factors (holistic, collaborative, and responsive care), had a satisfactory goodness of fit. The testing of item convergent and item-discriminant validity revealed a 100% scaling success. Criterion validity showed that nurses who had positive perceptions of K-PCC were more likely to practice PCC ( r = .692, p < .001). The internal consistency for 23 items as a whole was good, at .935. From these results, K-PCC is considered a valid and reliable instrument for measuring health-care providers’ perceptions of PCC among Korean populations. Scale brevity and simplicity, together with rigorous testing, indicate that validation of the PCC Scale may be helpful for ensuring quality improvement in hospital settings.
Commentary: Necessity of Blending Dental Education Into the Mainstream of Medical Education as a Specialty Area: Advocating for a Reform Idea Aiming to Promote the Health System Performance in Iran
Authors: Jadidfard Mohammad-Pooyan , Yazdani Shahram
Published: October 2018

With the knowledge we have today about the concept of health and its complexities and determinants, the separation between medical and dental education (DE) does not seem reasonable anymore. Dentistry has mainly developed based on a mechanical approach to treat the related problems. This makes the efforts for reorientation of dental care (DC) toward a preventive approach, relying upon dentists as the chief oral health (OH)-related workforce, inefficient. This is while effective strategies have been identified for prevention, as the key to simultaneously control the burden and costs of the ubiquitous oral diseases, at both individual and population levels without dentists. We think that approaching OH as an integral part of the general well-being requires fundamental changes in the structure of OH system including a substantial revision in the current situation of dentistry as an autonomous health profession with a separate education from the main body of the medicine. In this short article, we briefly discuss the necessity of blending DE into the mainstream of medical education and actual consideration of dentistry as a medical specialty area. After discussing the subject at two levels (health-care system and national levels), the next sections draw attention to some complementary issues.
Author–Subject–Topic model for reviewer recommendation
Authors: Jin Jian , Geng Qian , Mou Haikun , Chen Chong
Published: October 2018

Interdisciplinary studies are becoming increasingly popular, and research domains of many experts are becoming diverse. This phenomenon brings difficulty in recommending experts to review interdisciplinary submissions. In this study, an Author–Subject–Topic (AST) model is proposed with two versions. In the model, reviewers’ subject information is embedded to analyse topic distributions of submissions and reviewers’ publications. The major difference between the AST and Author–Topic models lies in the introduction of a ‘Subject’ layer, which supervises the generation of hierarchical topics and allows sharing of subjects among authors. To evaluate the performance of the AST model, papers in Information System and Management (a typical interdisciplinary domain) in a famous Chinese academic library are investigated. Comparative experiments are conducted, which show the effectiveness of the AST model in topic distribution analysis and reviewer recommendation for interdisciplinary studies.
Profiles of Language and Behavior in Students With Emotional Disturbance
Authors: Hollo Alexandra , Chow Jason C. , Wehby Joseph H.
Published: October 2018

Although global associations between language and behavioral development are well established, relations among components and subgroups within these disorders remain unclear. The primary aim of this study was to explore whether language components differed by behavioral subtypes: internalizing only, externalizing only, or both. To control for confounding factors identified in prior studies related to sampling and measurement, we conducted profile analyses of receptive, expressive, pragmatic, semantic, syntactic, or higher order language skills in 46 boys with emotional disturbance (ED) using one comprehensive language measure. On average, the internalizing-only group outperformed all other behavioral subgroups. Absence of interaction effects indicated similar patterns of performance, with all groups performing lowest in pragmatic language. We also report prevalence rates of language deficits in the sample and analyze results using two different grouping strategies. Discussion includes the importance of considering comorbidity and establishing independent behavioral subgroups in research, as well as implications for assessment and intervention in practice.
Different early and late processing of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words in a second language: An ERP study
Authors: Zhang Juan , Wu Chenggang , Yuan Zhen , Meng Yaxuan
Published: October 2018

Although increasing literature has suggested that emotion-label words (e.g., anger, delight) and emotion-laden words (e.g., thief, bride) were processed differently in native language (L1), there was a lack of neuroimaging evidence showing such differences in second language (L2). The current study compared the cortical responses to emotion-label words and emotion-laden words in L2 using event-related potentials (ERPs) technique. Sixteen Chinese–English bilingual college students were asked to finish a lexical decision task with their brain activations recorded. Overall, emotion-label words and emotion-laden words showed diverse processing characteristics. Specifically, such differences were evidenced by the results that (1) larger N170 was elicited by negative emotion-label words than by negative emotion-laden words while positive emotion-laden words evoked larger N170 than positive emotion-label words at occipito-temporal sites, and (2) emotion-laden words evoked larger Late Positive Complex (LPC) than emotion-label words at parietal sites over the right hemisphere. The implication of the current findings was also discussed.
Assessment of three methods for removing massive air in a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit: simulation-based multi-discipline training in West China Hospital
Authors: Liu Ting , Qin Zhen , Luo Ming , Tan Zhao-Xia , Xiong Ji-Yue , Gu Gang-Jian , Yu Xiang , Li Qi , Zhou Rong-Hua
Published: October 2018

Background and Objective:

A multi-discipline cardiac and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) team simulation scenario was established to compare three different de-airing approaches dealing with massive air embolism in CPB, so as to formulate a standardized procedure to handle this adverse acute event more proficiently and ensure clinical safety.

Method:

A simulation-based clinical CPB massive air embolism scenario was developed by a cardiac and CPB team. Study Objects: Five licensed perfusionists and five CPB trainees were matched randomly into five pairs. Each pair would simulate the three different de-airing approaches separately as followed: (1) Conventional Method: arterial line filter (ALF) de-airing purge line and oxygenator self-recirculation bypass were used to de-air; (2) Arterial-Venous Loop (A-V Loop) Method: surgeons reconnected the arterial and venous lines to de-air by restoring the original priming A-V loop configuration; (3) Isolation of the ALF Method: this ensures de-bubbling of the CPB circuit, but bypasses the ALF function. Assessment Criteria: (1) Times to recovery (duration of the circulation suspension); (2) Subjective evaluation of skill and non-skill performances.

Results:

As to times to recovery, the Conventional Method group took 290.6 s ± 36.2, the A-V Loop Method group took 196.8 s ± 52.0 and the Isolation of ALF group took 99.4 s ± 15.1. The statistical difference is significant among the three groups (p<0.01). The subjective evaluation of training performance indicates that this simulation-based training is effective in assessing both skill and non-skill abilities.

Conclusion:

CPB simulation-based training was effective in comparing de-airing strategies and can instruct perfusion practices how to optimize techniques. For well-trained, multi-discipline cardiac teams, the A-V Loop Method is highly efficient and reliable in managing CPB massive air embolism. For cardiac teams that do not have this sophisticated training, the Isolation of ALF Method should be their alternative option.
Performance changes of venous valves following tissue treatment with novel in vitro system
Authors: Easson Garrett , Laughlin Megan , Jensen Hanna , Haney Kevin , Girardot Marc , Jensen Morten
Published: October 2018

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to test venous valve performance and identify differences between native tissue and replacement devices developed with traditional tissue treatment methods using a new in vitro model with synchronized hemodynamic parameters and high-speed valve image acquisition.

Methods

An in vitro model mimicking the venous circulation to test valve performance was developed using hydrostatic pressure driven flow. Fresh and glutaraldehyde-treated vein segments were placed in the setup and opening/closing of the valves was captured by a high-speed camera. Hemodynamic data were obtained using synchronized hardware and virtual instrumentation.

Results

Geometric orifice area and opening/closing time of the valves was evaluated at the same hemodynamic conditions. A reduction in geometric orifice area of 27.2  ± 14.8% (p < 0.05) was observed following glutaraldehyde fixation. No significant difference in opening/closing time following chemical fixation was observed.

Conclusions

The developed in vitro model was shown to be an effective method for measuring the performance of venous valves. The observed decrease in geometric orifice area following glutaraldehyde treatment indicates a decrease in flow through the valve, demonstrating the consequences of traditional tissue treatment methods.
Percutaneous sclerotherapy of para-orbital and orbital venous malformation: A single center, case series
Authors: Ahmad Saima , Akhtar Fahd Kamal
Published: October 2018

Purpose

To present a case series of percutaneous sclerotherapy of para-orbital and orbital venous malformations.

Method

Seven patients with venous malformations in the orbital and para-orbital region were reviewed. Puncture venogram was performed on all patients and image guided bleomycin injections using biplane digital subtraction in angiography suite.

Results

Average age of patients at the time of the procedure was 22 years old with the youngest being five years of age and the oldest being 50 years. Follow-ups ranged from 3 months to 18 months and the average follow-up duration was 13 months. The patients had no intraprocedural complications and reported symptomatic relief of pain as per the last follow-up. Patients have shown no symptoms or signs of recurrence of lesions with uneventful recovery so far.

Conclusions

Percutaneous sclerotherapy of orbital Venous Malformations with bleomycin is a safe and well-controlled procedure done in real time; it has no major systemic adverse side effects and higher efficacy than other sclerosing agents.
Publication of UK NICE Clinical Guidelines 168 has not significantly changed the management of leg ulcers in primary care: An analysis of The Health Improvement Network database
Authors: Davies Huw OB , Popplewell Matthew , Bate Gareth , Ryan Ronan P , Marshall Tom P , Bradbury Andrew W
Published: October 2018

Background

NICE Clinical Guidelines (CG) 168, published in July 2013, recommend specialist vascular referral for all leg ulcers, defined as a break in the skin below the knee that has not healed within two weeks.

Aim

To examine the impact of CG168 on the primary care management of leg ulcers using The Health Improvement Network database.

Methods

An eligible population of approximately two million adult patients was analysed over two 18-month periods before and after publication of CG168. Those with a new diagnosis of leg ulcers in each time period were analysed in terms of demographics, specialist referral and superficial venous ablation.

Results

We identified 7532 and 7462 new diagnoses of leg ulcers in the pre- and post-CG168 cohorts, respectively. Patients with a new diagnosis of leg ulcers were elderly (median age: 77 years both cohorts) and less likely to be male (47% both cohorts). There were 2259 (30.0%) and 2329 (31.2%) vascular service referrals in the pre- and post-CG168 cohorts, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.05, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.11, p = 0.096). The median interval between general practitioner diagnosis and referral was 1.5 days in both cohorts. Patients from both cohorts who were referred for a new diagnosis of leg ulcers were equally likely to receive superficial venous ablation.

Conclusions

Disappointingly, we have been unable to demonstrate that publication of NICE CG168 has been associated with a meaningful change in leg ulcer management in primary care in line with guideline recommendations.
Wealth for all: Building new local economies
Authors: McInroy Neil
Published: October 2018

Economic development mainstream is failing to ensure that economic gains and wealth are delivering socially or at scale. Poverty, wage stagnation, underinvestment, low productivity and widening inequalities of income and wealth are now entrenched features of many local economies. To address this failing, a new movement is growing, characterised by an intentional reorganisation of the economy. Local Wealth Building is a practical systems approach to economic development, which is built on local roots and plurality of ownership. In this there is a rejection of liberal economics. In local wealth building, social and environmental gains are not an afterthought, but rather built in as an intentional function of the economy. As such it is a process which ensures a more reliable set of outcomes including jobs and meaningful work, equity, inclusion, economic stability and environmental sustainability. Work by the Centre for Local Economic Strategies with a number of Local Authorities and local anchor organisations is at the vanguard of this movement. This work is bespoke to place and is contributing to a new democratisation of the economy which seeks to provide resilience where there is risk and local economic security where there is fragility.
Differences in Adolescents’ Response Decision and Evaluation for Face-to-Face and Cyber Victimization
Authors: Wright Michelle F. , Harper Bridgette D. , Wachs Sebastian
Published: October 2018

The current study was designed to assess early adolescents’ response evaluation and decision for hypothetical peer victimization vignettes. Participants were 336 (59% girls; [Formula: see text] age = 12.55) seventh and eighth graders from one school in the Midwestern United States. Adolescents read a hypothetical online or offline social situation and answered questions designed to access internal congruence, response evaluation, response efficacy, emotional outcome expectancy, and social outcome expectancy. Girls were more likely to believe that aggressive responses online and offline would lead to positive social and emotional outcome expectancies when compared with boys. Adolescents were more likely to believe that offline and online aggressive responses were legitimate responses to face-to-face victimization, feel that aggressive responses online or offline were easier to execute in response to face-to-face victimization, and that aggressive responses online or offline would lead to positive emotions and better social outcomes.
Working County Lines: Child Criminal Exploitation and Illicit Drug Dealing in Glasgow and Merseyside
Authors: Robinson Grace , McLean Robert , Densley James
Published: October 2018

This article explores recent developments within the U.K. drug market: that is, the commuting of gang members from major cities to small rural urban areas for the purpose of enhancing their profit from drug distribution. Such practice has come to be known as working “County Lines.” We present findings drawn from qualitative research with practitioners working to address serious and organized crime and participants involved in street gangs and illicit drug supply in both Glasgow and Merseyside, United Kingdom. We find evidence of Child Criminal Exploitation (CCE) in County Lines activity, often as a result of debt bondage; but also, cases of young people working the lines of their own volition to obtain financial and status rewards. In conclusion, we put forward a series of recommendations which are aimed at informing police strategy, practitioner intervention, and wider governmental policy to effectively address this growing, and highly problematic, phenomenon.
Resting Heart Rate and Psychopathy Revisited: Findings From the Add Health Survey
Authors: Kavish Nicholas , Fu Q. John , Vaughn Michael G. , Qian Zhengmin , Boutwell Brian B.
Published: October 2018

Despite the prior linkages of low resting heart rate to antisocial behavior broadly defined, less work has been done examining possible associations between heart rate to psychopathic traits. The small body of research on the topic that has been conducted so far seems to suggest an inverse relationship between the two constructs. A smaller number of studies has found the opposite result, however, and some of the previous studies have been limited by small sample sizes and unrepresentative samples. The current study attempts to help clarify the relationship between resting heart rate and psychopathic traits in a large, nationally representative sample (analytical N ranged from 14,173-14,220) using an alternative measure of psychopathic traits that is less focused on antisocial processes, and rooted in personality traits. No significant relationship between heart rate and psychopathic traits, or heart rate and a measure of cold-heartedness, was found. It is possible that previous findings of a link between heart rate and psychopathy have been driven by the inclusion of overt antisocial behavior in many traditional psychopathy measures. Further work is needed to confirm the associations (or lack thereof) between heart rate and the behavioral, affective, and personality trait aspects of psychopathy.