bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential applications of OLi3-decorated h-BN monosheet for high hydrogen storage
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Shi Yongting , Li Jiwen , Zhang Yujuan , Guo Jinghua , Fu Zhenguo , Zhang Ping
Published: August 2023

In this work, we study the performance of hydrogen storage of superalkali cluster OLi3 decorated monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) by using first-principles calculations. We find that the O–B bond is strong enough for superalkali cluster OLi3 anchor to the monolayer h-BN substrate with thermodynamic stability at room temperature. The Li atom of monolayer OLi3-decorated h-BN becomes cationic leading to the form of a local electronic field around the Li atom and acts as a binding site to adsorb hydrogen molecules. The monolayer 2(OLi3)-decorated h-BN can adsorb 16 H2 molecules with the maximum average adsorption energy per hydrogen molecule of −0.175 eV, which falls in the ideal window for reversible uptake-release at ambient temperatures. The H2 molecules theory storage gravimetric density of 2(OLi3)-decorated h-BN reaches 9.67 wt. %. The mechanism of H2 molecules adsorbed on monolayer OLi3-decorated h-BN can be attributed to the weak orbital interaction and electrostatic mutual attraction between the H atom and Li atom. The effects of temperature and pressure on the hydrogen storage performance are also investigated, and the results show that the hydrogen adsorbed structures of superalkali cluster OLi3-decorated h-BN monolayer are stable at room temperature under mild pressure.
A non-iterative foveated single-pixel imaging using fast transformation algorithm
Authors: Wang Guan , Deng Huaxia , Ma Mengchao , Zhong Xiang , Gong Xinglong
Published: August 2023

Inspired by the human eye retina, foveated single-pixel imaging employs an iterative algorithm, which, unfortunately, poses a challenge for real-time imaging due to its time-consuming nature. To address this issue, we present a non-iterative foveated single-pixel imaging method based on a computationally fast algorithm, reducing time consumption by five orders of magnitude. The fast algorithmic transform facilitates the acquisition of foveated reconstructions. In addition to mimicking human saccadic eye movements, the foveated strategy adapts to motion tracking through the foveal gaze control method. During high-resolution imaging in the fovea area, the maximum sensing area expands 3.14 times, similar to human vision. The proposed retina-like single-pixel imaging has great potential in future applications with the advantages of avoiding complex optics design, low time consumption, and wider vision field.
Machine learning for predicting ZT values of high-performance thermoelectric materials in mid-temperature range
Authors: Parse Nuttawat , Pinitsoontorn Supree
Published: August 2023

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being adopted to accelerate the development of materials research. In this work, we applied the ML approach to predict the figure-of-merit (ZT) of thermoelectric (TE) materials. The experimental datasets were gathered from 150 published articles for five high-performance TE groups in the mid-temperature range, i.e., PbTe, Co4Sb12, Mg2Si, BiCuSeO, and Cu2Se, resulting in 1563 data points in total. The chemical formulas of individual compounds, including the dopant types and concentrations, were extracted as ML features using the Magpie software. The ZT value was set as the target value. The model was built based on different regression algorithms, and its accuracy for predicting ZT was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean squared error (RMSE). It was found that the model’s accuracy increased with increasing datasets and by incorporating features from experimental parameters (measurement temperature, sintering temperature, and sintering pressure). The final ML model showed relatively high accuracy, with an R2 of 0.859 and an RMSE of 0.156 for a test set. It means that the model can confidently predict the ZT of specific doped compounds in the selected TE groups. To utilize the model effectively, it is implemented as a webpage application with a user-friendly interface so that researchers without ML expertise can explore the ZT values of the doped TE materials. It will certainly be beneficial for experimentalists as a guideline for designing their experiments.
High temperature electromigration behavior of cobalt lines observed by in situ transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Engler Brent , Hull Robert
Published: August 2023

As industrial practices shift away from Cu as the initial back-end-of-line interconnect material due to size limitations, new candidate metals are being tested and characterized. Electromigration resistance is particularly important in ultra-narrow lines and an in situ study provides unique insight into the formation and progression of electromigration damage. This, in turn, helps to inform device design so that electromigration resistant circuits can be produced efficiently. In this work, the authors demonstrate an in situ transmission electron microscopy technique for electromigration analysis of Cu replacement metals in microelectronic interconnects. Using this method, candidate metal lines can be tested at high current densities, ∼5×106 A/cm2, at controllable temperatures over the range of 300–1000 °C. In this work, cobalt lines are tested in the range of the effective valence inversion temperature. The analysis examines void nucleation, growth, and migration as a function of temperature and line geometry. We find that there is a relative insensitivity of failure time to operating temperature, with samples tested between approximately 600 and 900 °C having roughly equivalent failure times. We ascribe this result to a combination of linewidth effects and a decrease in the magnitude of the effective valence approaching the inversion temperature. Failure mechanism is also not affected by temperature in this range, with the primary determining factor being the linewidth and corresponding availability of grain boundaries for diffusive mass transport. We also observe increased lifetimes of devices with uniform temperatures compared to those in which large thermal gradients exist.
A bottom-up approach for recurrence detection based on sampling distance
Authors: Delage Rémi , Nakata Toshihiko
Published: August 2023

One of the major problems faced in the recurrence analysis of dynamical systems is the tangential motion effect affecting the structures in recurrence plots and their quantification. This issue roots to the choice of a threshold for recurrence, making it a crucial parameter for such analyses. It has been shown that a variable threshold following the dynamical changes of the system is more suited to the analysis of non-stationary data as it mitigates this effect. We study here the use of the distance separating successive points in the phase space as a reference for the recurrence threshold. The method relies on a single parameter while qualitatively and quantitatively providing stable recurrence structures as the previously suggested threshold based on the local maximum pairwise distance. This complete bottom-up approach is shown to be beneficial in the presence of abrupt transitions. It is also fairly noise-resistant and is not dependent on the sampling frequency in its normalized formulation. Furthermore, the sampling distance provides a clear reference for the occurrence of the tangential motion effect, allowing to define a default value for the threshold parameter to avoid it.
4D potential energy surface of NCCN–H2 collision: Rotational dynamics by p-H2 and o-H2 at interstellar temperatures
Authors: Kushwaha Apoorv , Dhilip Kumar T. J.
Published: August 2023

The rotational excitation rates of NCCN species are studied for its collision with hydrogen (H2) in temperatures ranging from 1 to 100 K. Such collisions can occur in the interstellar medium with H2 in either para (p-) or ortho (o-) state, of which the p-H2 state can be approximated via its collision with He (using a scaling factor) or with a reduced rigid rotor-H2 surface (by averaging over various orientations of H2). In the current work, a four-dimensional (4D) ab initio potential energy surface (PES) is considered to study the collision dynamics of H2 in both p- and o-states and the results are compared with previous approximations. The 4D surface is constructed using the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster method CCSD(T)-F12b with the augmented triple zeta basis AVTZ and then fitted into an artificial neural networks (NN) model to augment the surface and account for missing data points. The radial coefficients are obtained from this NN fitted 4D PES via a least square fit over two spherical harmonics functions. The cross sections (σ) are computed using the close-coupling (CC) method (until 230 cm−1) for both p- and o-H2 collisions, and the rates are obtained by Boltzmann distribution over the translational energy of H2 until 100 K. The o-H2 rates are found to be higher by 25%–30% and 10%–20% compared to the p-H2 rates for Δj = 2 and higher order transitions, respectively. The coupled-state/centrifugal sudden approximated rates are also computed and found to have deviations as large as 40% when compared to CC rates, thus making quantitative descriptions unreliable.
Flow modeling and in situ viscosity monitoring for a combined rotational and pressure-driven flow of a non-Newtonian fluid through a concentric annulus
Authors: Gao Xuesi , Han Sang Mok , Hwang Wook Ryol
Published: August 2023

Based on the energy dissipation rate, we proposed a systematic method for quantifying the effective viscosity, effective shear rate, and flow characteristics in a drilling flow of non-Newtonian fluids in a concentric annulus subjected to a combined pressure-driven and rotational flow. Two flow parameters, i.e., the energy dissipation rate coefficient and the effective shear rate coefficient, were introduced to quantify flow characteristics, such as the relationship between pressure drop, flow rate, torque, and rotational speed, which are nearly independent of rheological behaviors. In this work, we began with flow quantification of the individual flow problem in a concentric annulus, i.e., pressure-driven flow and rotational flow, and derived expressions of two flow parameters analytically in each case. Then, we established the flow quantification method for the combined pressure-driven and rotational flow. The proposed flow modeling scheme was derived analytically with a power-law fluid and was validated for various non-Newtonian fluids, such as Carreau and Herschel–Bulkley fluids, through extensive numerical simulations. The method can be employed for the in situ viscosity measurement of drilling muds in terms of shear rate, as well as for the estimation of torque, pressure drop, and power consumption. Maximum errors between theoretical prediction and numerical simulation results in estimating torque, pressure drop, and shear-dependent viscosity were found to be 5.5%, 7.3%, and 6%, respectively.
A low-cost goniometer for contact angle measurements using drop image analysis: Development and validation
Authors: Chalise Roshan , Niroula Angash , Shrestha Pooja , Paudel Bimal , Subedi Deepak , Khanal Raju
Published: August 2023

Contact angle measurements are a widely used method for evaluating surface wettability, but their accessibility is limited by the high cost of commercial goniometers. To address this issue, we developed a low-cost prototype goniometer using locally available materials and a smartphone-based image analysis system to measure contact angles. We validated our approach by comparing its results with those of a standard goniometer for both organic and inorganic materials. For organic samples, the accuracy is greater than 86%, and for inorganic samples, it is greater than 94%. The good agreement between the two methods demonstrates the feasibility of our proposed method for accurate contact angle measurements at a lower cost.
Mean flow modeling in high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations
Authors: Gomel Alexis , Montessuit Corentin , Armaroli Andrea , Eeltink Debbie , Chabchoub Amin , Kasparian Jérôme , Brunetti Maura
Published: August 2023

The evaluation and consideration of the mean flow in wave evolution equations are necessary for the accurate prediction of fluid particle trajectories under wave groups, with relevant implications in several domains, from the transport of pollutants in the ocean to the estimation of energy and momentum exchanges between the waves at small scales and the ocean circulation at large scale. We derive an expression of the mean flow at a finite water depth, which, in contrast to other approximations in the literature, accurately accords with the deep-water limit at third order in steepness and is equivalent to second-order formulations in intermediate water. We also provide envelope evolution equations at fourth order in steepness for the propagation of unidirectional wave groups either in time or space that include the respective mean flow term. The latter, in particular, is required for accurately modeling experiments in water wave flumes in arbitrary depths.
Hypoxia induces a glycolytic complex in intestinal epithelial cells independent of HIF-1-driven glycolytic gene expression
Authors: Kierans Sarah J. , Fagundes Raphael R. , Malkov Mykyta I. , Sparkes Ríona , Dillon Eugène T. , Smolenski Albert , Faber Klaas Nico , Taylor Cormac T.
Published: August 2023

The metabolic adaptation of eukaryotic cells to hypoxia involves increasing dependence upon glycolytic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, an event with consequences for cellular bioenergetics and cell fate. This response is regulated at the transcriptional level by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1)-dependent transcriptional upregulation of glycolytic enzymes (GEs) and glucose transporters. However, this transcriptional upregulation alone is unlikely to account fully for the levels of glycolytic ATP produced during hypoxia. Here, we investigated additional mechanisms regulating glycolysis in hypoxia. We observed that intestinal epithelial cells treated with inhibitors of transcription or translation and human platelets (which lack nuclei and the capacity for canonical transcriptional activity) maintained the capacity for hypoxia-induced glycolysis, a finding which suggests the involvement of a nontranscriptional component to the hypoxia-induced metabolic switch to a highly glycolytic phenotype. In our investigations into potential nontranscriptional mechanisms for glycolytic induction, we identified a hypoxia-sensitive formation of complexes comprising GEs and glucose transporters in intestinal epithelial cells. Surprisingly, the formation of such glycolytic complexes occurs independent of HIF-1-driven transcription. Finally, we provide evidence for the presence of HIF-1α in cytosolic fractions of hypoxic cells which physically interacts with the glucose transporter GLUT1 and the GEs in a hypoxia-sensitive manner. In conclusion, we provide insights into the nontranscriptional regulation of hypoxia-induced glycolysis in intestinal epithelial cells.
Resource competition can explain simplicity in microbial community assembly
Authors: Lee Hyunseok , Bloxham Blox , Gore Jeff
Published: August 2023

Predicting the composition and diversity of communities is a central goal in ecology. While community assembly is considered hard to predict, laboratory microcosms often follow a simple assembly rule based on the outcome of pairwise competitions. This assembly rule predicts that a species that is excluded by another species in pairwise competition cannot survive in a multispecies community with that species. Despite the empirical success of this bottom–up prediction, its mechanistic origin has remained elusive. In this study, we elucidate how this simple pattern in community assembly can emerge from resource competition. Our geometric analysis of a consumer-resource model shows that trio community assembly is always predictable from pairwise outcomes when one species grows faster than another species on every resource. We also identify all possible trio assembly outcomes under three resources and find that only two outcomes violate the assembly rule. Simulations demonstrate that pairwise competitions accurately predict trio assembly with up to 100 resources and the assembly of larger communities containing up to twelve species. We then further demonstrate accurate quantitative prediction of community composition using the harmonic mean of pairwise fractions. Finally, we show that cross-feeding between species does not decrease assembly rule prediction accuracy. Our findings highlight that simple community assembly can emerge even in ecosystems with complex underlying dynamics.
Phase separation of +TIP networks regulates microtubule dynamics
Authors: Miesch Julie , Wimbish Robert T. , Velluz Marie-Claire , Aumeier Charlotte
Published: August 2023

Regulation of microtubule dynamics is essential for diverse cellular functions, and proteins that bind to dynamic microtubule ends can regulate network dynamics. Here, we show that two conserved microtubule end-binding proteins, CLIP-170 and EB3, undergo phase separation and form dense liquid networks. When CLIP-170 and EB3 act together, the multivalency of the network increases, which synergistically increases the amount of protein in the dense phase. In vitro and in cells, these liquid networks can concentrate tubulin. In vitro, in the presence of microtubules, phase separation of EB3/CLIP-170 can enrich tubulin all along the microtubule. In this condition, microtubule growth speed increases up to twofold and the frequency of depolymerization events are strongly reduced compared to conditions in which there is no phase separation. Our data show that phase separation of EB3/CLIP-170 adds an additional layer of regulation to the control of microtubule growth dynamics.
Gap junction–transported cAMP from the niche controls stem cell progeny differentiation
Authors: Tu Renjun , Tang Xiaohan Alex , Xu Rui , Ping Zhaohua , Yu Zulin , Xie Ting
Published: August 2023

The niche has been shown to control stem cell self-renewal in different tissue types and organisms. Recently, a separate niche has been proposed to control stem cell progeny differentiation, called the differentiation niche. However, it remains poorly understood whether and how the differentiation niche directly signals to stem cell progeny to control their differentiation. In theDrosophilaovary, inner germarial sheath (IGS) cells contribute to two separate niche compartments for controlling both germline stem cell (GSC) self-renewal and progeny differentiation. In this study, we show that IGS cells express Inx2 protein, which forms gap junctions (GJs) with germline-specific Zpg protein to control stepwise GSC lineage development, including GSC self-renewal, germline cyst formation, meiotic double-strand DNA break formation, and oocyte specification. Germline-specific Zpg and IGS-specific Inx2 knockdowns cause similar defects in stepwise GSC development. Additionally, secondary messenger cAMP is transported from IGS cells to GSCs and their progeny via GJs to activate PKA signaling for controlling stepwise GSC development. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the niche directly controls GSC progeny differentiation via the GJ-cAMP-PKA signaling axis, which provides important insights into niche control of stem cell differentiation and highlights the importance of GJ-transported cAMP in tissue regeneration. This may represent a general strategy for the niche to control adult stem cell development in various tissue types and organisms since GJs and cAMP are widely distributed.
Immune-infiltrated kidney organoid-on-chip model for assessing T cell bispecific antibodies
Authors: Kroll Katharina T. , Mata Mariana M. , Homan Kimberly A. , Micallef Virginie , Carpy Alejandro , Hiratsuka Ken , Morizane Ryuji , Moisan Annie , Gubler Marcel , Walz Antje-Christine , Marrer-Berger Estelle , Lewis Jennifer A.
Published: August 2023

T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are the focus of intense development for cancer immunotherapy. Recently, peptide-MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-targeted TCBs have emerged as a new class of biotherapeutics with improved specificity. These TCBs simultaneously bind to target peptides presented by the polymorphic, species-specific MHC encoded by the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele present on target cells and to the CD3 coreceptor expressed by human T lymphocytes. Unfortunately, traditional models for assessing their effects on human tissues often lack predictive capability, particularly for “on-target, off-tumor” interactions. Here, we report an immune-infiltrated, kidney organoid-on-chip model in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) along with nontargeting (control) or targeting TCB-based tool compounds are circulated under flow. The target consists of the RMF peptide derived from the intracellular tumor antigen Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) presented on HLA-A2 via a bivalent T cell receptor-like binding domain. Using our model, we measured TCB-mediated CD8
+
T cell activation and killing of RMF-HLA-A2-presenting cells in the presence of PBMCs and multiple tool compounds. DP47, a non-pMHC-targeting TCB that only binds to CD3 (negative control), does not promote T cell activation and killing. Conversely, the nonspecific ESK1-like TCB (positive control) promotes CD8
+
T cell expansion accompanied by dose-dependent T cell–mediated killing of multiple cell types, while WT1-TCB* recognizing the RMF-HLA-A2 complex with high specificity, leads solely to selective killing of WT1-expressing cells within kidney organoids under flow. Our 3D kidney organoid model offers a platform for preclinical testing of cancer immunotherapies and investigating tissue-immune system interactions.
Molecular recognition of trehalose and trehalose analogues by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
LpqY-SugABC
Authors: Liang Jingxi , Liu Fengjiang , Xu Peng , Shangguan Wei , Hu Tianyu , Wang Shule , Yang Xiaolin , Xiong Zhiqi , Yang Xiuna , Guddat Luke W. , Yu Biao , Rao Zihe , Zhang Bing
Published: August 2023

Trehalose plays a crucial role in the survival and virulence of the deadly human pathogen
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
). The type I ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter LpqY-SugABC is the sole pathway for trehalose to enter
Mtb
. The substrate-binding protein, LpqY, which forms a stable complex with the translocator SugABC, recognizes and captures trehalose and its analogues in the periplasmic space, but the precise molecular mechanism for this process is still not well understood. This study reports a 3.02-Å cryoelectron microscopy structure of trehalose-bound
Mtb
LpqY-SugABC in the pretranslocation state, a crystal structure of
Mtb
LpqY in a closed form with trehalose bound and five crystal structures of
Mtb
LpqY in complex with different trehalose analogues. These structures, accompanied by substrate-stimulated ATPase activity data, reveal how LpqY recognizes and binds trehalose and its analogues, and highlight the flexibility in the substrate binding pocket of LpqY. These data provide critical insights into the design of trehalose analogues that could serve as potential molecular probe tools or as anti-TB drugs.
Intersubject similarity in neural representations underlies shared episodic memory content
Authors: Sheng Jintao , Wang Sisi , Zhang Liang , Liu Chuqi , Shi Liang , Zhou Yu , Hu Huinan , Chen Chuansheng , Xue Gui
Published: August 2023

Individuals generally form their unique memories from shared experiences, yet the neural representational mechanisms underlying this subjectiveness of memory are poorly understood. The current study addressed this important question from the cross-subject neural representational perspective, leveraging a large functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset (
n
= 415) of a face–name associative memory task. We found that individuals’ memory abilities were predicted by their synchronization to the group-averaged, canonical trial-by-trial activation level and, to a lesser degree, by their similarity to the group-averaged representational patterns during encoding. More importantly, the memory content shared between pairs of participants could be predicted by their shared local neural activation pattern, particularly in the angular gyrus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, even after controlling for differences in memory abilities. These results uncover neural representational mechanisms for individualized memory and underscore the constructive nature of episodic memory.
The essence of phase transitions in condensed matter by an information theoretic approach
Authors: Raz T. , Levine R. D.
Published: August 2023

Our information theoretic considerations suggest that the essence of phase transitions in condensed matter is the change in entropy as reflected in the change in the number of isomers between two phases. The explicit number of isomers as a function of size is computed using a graph theoretic approach that is compared to a direct count for smaller systems. This allows us to apply a common approach to both nanosystems and their macroscopic limit. The entropy increases very rapidly with size with the results that replacing the actual distribution over size by an average is not an accurate approximation. That the phase transition is a sharp function of the temperature is due to the high heat capacity of both the solid and liquid phases. The difference in entropy at the transition is related to the Trouton–Richards considerations. The finite width of the boundary between two phases of a finite system is related to the inherent uncertainty product that is derived from the maximum entropy formalism and that is a result of the fluctuations about equilibrium. As the system size increases, the boundary becomes sharper and one recovers the usual thermodynamic description.
Effect of in on Fe phase morphology and properties of Cu-Fe alloy
Authors: Yuan Dawei , Liu Zhenxia , Guo Chengjun , Zeng Hao , Zhang Jianbo , Li Mingmao , Peng Bingfeng , Yang Bin
Published: August 2023

In this paper, Cu-6.2Fe-xIn (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4) alloy was prepared by melting casting and mechanical heat treatment. The Fe phase morphology of Cu-6.2Fe-xIn alloy was observed by SEM, EBSD and TEM. The results show that the addition of In element refines the primary Fe phase and optimises its distribution. After large plastic deformation, the Fe phase was fibrillated and the addition of In refines the Fe fibre and increases its density. The strength of Cu-6.2Fe-0.4In alloy with strain of 7 were 901 MPa, which was 201 MPa higher than that of Cu-6.2Fe alloy. The refining effect of In on the primary Fe phase was the main reason for the significant improvement of the strength of Cu-Fe-In alloy.
Impact of cosmology on Lorentz Invariance Violation constraints from GRB time-delays
Authors: Staicova Denitsa
Published: August 2023

Putting constraints on a possible Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) from astrophysical sources such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is essential for finding evidences of new theories of quantum gravity (QG) that predict an energy-dependent speed of light. This search has its own difficulties, so usually, the effect of the cosmological model is understudied, with the default model being a fixed-parameters ΛCDM.In this work, we use various astrophysical datasets to study the effect of a number of dark energy models on LIV constraints. To this end, we combine two public time-delay (TD) GRB datasets with the supernovae Pantheon dataset, several measurements of angular baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO), the cosmic microwave background (CMB) distance prior and an optional GRB or quasars dataset. For the LIV parameterα, we find the expected from previous works average value ofα∼4×10−4, corresponding toEQG⩾1017 GeV for both TD datasets, with the second one being more sensitive to the cosmological model. The cosmology results in a minimum 20% deviation in our constraints on the energy. Interestingly, adding the TD points makes the DE models less-preferable statistically and shifts the value of the parameterc/(H0rd)down, making it smaller than the expected value. We observe that possible LIV measurements critically depend on the transparency of the assumptions behind the published data concerning cosmology, and taking this into account may be an important contribution in the case of possible detection.
Quantum sensing of microwave electric fields based on Rydberg atoms
Authors: Yuan Jinpeng , Yang Wenguang , Jing Mingyong , Zhang Hao , Jiao Yuechun , Li Weibin , Zhang Linjie , Xiao Liantuan , Jia Suotang
Published: August 2023

Microwave electric field (MW E-field) sensing is important for a wide range of applications in the areas of remote sensing, radar astronomy and communications. Over the past decade, Rydberg atoms have been used in ultrasensitive, wide broadband, traceable, stealthy MW E-field sensing because of their exaggerated response to MW E-fields, plentiful optional energy levels and integratable preparation methods. This review first introduces the basic concepts of quantum sensing, the properties of Rydberg atoms and the principles of quantum sensing of MW E-fields with Rydberg atoms. An overview of this very active research direction is gradually expanding, covering the progress of sensitivity and bandwidth in Rydberg atom-based microwave sensing, superheterodyne quantum sensing with microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms, quantum-enhanced sensing of MW E-field and recent advanced quantum measurement systems and approaches to further improve the performance of MW E-field sensing. Finally, a brief outlook on future development directions is provided.
Efficient single-pixel imaging encrypted transmission based on 3D Arnold transformation
Authors: Liang 梁 Zhen-Yu 振宇 , Wang 王 Chao-Jin 朝瑾 , Wang 王 Yang-Yang 阳阳 , Gao 高 Hao-Qi 皓琪 , Zhu 朱 Dong-Tao 东涛 , Xu 许 Hao-Li 颢砾 , Yang 杨 Xing 星
Published: August 2023

Single-pixel imaging (SPI) can transform 2D or 3D image data into 1D light signals, which offers promising prospects for image compression and transmission. However, during data communication these light signals in public channels will easily draw the attention of eavesdroppers. Here, we introduce an efficient encryption method for SPI data transmission that uses the 3D Arnold transformation to directly disrupt 1D single-pixel light signals and utilizes the elliptic curve encryption algorithm for key transmission. This encryption scheme immediately employs Hadamard patterns to illuminate the scene and then utilizes the 3D Arnold transformation to permutate the 1D light signal of single-pixel detection. Then the transformation parameters serve as the secret key, while the security of key exchange is guaranteed by an elliptic curve-based key exchange mechanism. Compared with existing encryption schemes, both computer simulations and optical experiments have been conducted to demonstrate that the proposed technique not only enhances the security of encryption but also eliminates the need for complicated pattern scrambling rules. Additionally, this approach solves the problem of secure key transmission, thus ensuring the security of information and the quality of the decrypted images.
State transfer and entanglement between two- and four-level atoms in a cavity
Authors: Li 李 Si-Wu 思吾 , Feng 冯 Tianfeng 田峰 , Hu 胡 Xiao-Long 骁龙 , Zhou 周 Xiaoqi 晓祺
Published: August 2023

Qudits with a large Hilbert space to host quantum information are widely utilized in various applications, such as quantum simulation and quantum computation, but the manipulation and scalability of qudits still face challenges. Here, we propose a scheme to directly and locally transfer quantum information from multiple atomic qubits to a single qudit and vice versa in an optical cavity. With the qubit–qudit interaction induced by the cavity, our scheme can transfer quantum states efficiently and measurement-independently. In addition, this scheme can robustly generate a high-dimensional maximal entangled state with asymmetric particle numbers, showing its potential in realizing an entanglement channel. Such an information interface for qubits and qudit may have enlightening significance for future research on quantum systems in hybrid dimensions.
Kinetic study of the bifurcation of resonant magnetic perturbations for edge localized mode suppression in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Markl Markus , Ulbl Philipp , Albert Christopher G. , Angioni Clemente , Buchholz Rico , Heyn Martin F. , Kasilov Sergei V. , Kernbichler Winfried , Suttrop Wolfgang , Willensdorfer Matthias ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: August 2023

The correlation between the bifurcation of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) to the unshielded state and edge localized mode (ELM) suppression in ASDEX Upgrade is studied using a kinetic plasma response model numerically and analytically. For the numerical studies, the linear kinetic Maxwell solver KiLCA for cylindrical geometry and the quasilinear transport code QL-Balance are used in combination with the ideal MHD solver GPEC to account for realistic tokamak geometry. Based on this modelling, a numerical local bifurcation criterion is introduced which estimates the effect of RMP-induced temperature plateau formation in the resonant layer. Its analytical form is derived in constant-psi approximation. The kinetic model reproduces the known gyrocenter resonance,

E
r

=
0

, and the electron fluid resonance. In contrast to MHD theory, the latter is located at the zero of the perpendicular electron fluid velocity computed only with half of the electron temperature gradient. The application of the criterion to experimental data shows a correlation between bifurcation and the ELM suppression phase. Moreover, an electron density limit is found resembling the one observed in experiments.
Performance of a front-end prototype ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity timing detector
Authors: Agapopoulou C. , Beresford L.A. , Boumediene D.E. , Castillo García L. , Conforti S. , de la Taille C. , Corpe L.D. , Da Cunha Sargedas de Sousa M.J. , Dinaucourt P. , Falou A. , Gautam V. , Gong D. , Grieco C. , Grinstein S. , Guindon S. , Howard A. , Kurdysh O. , Kuwertz E. , Li C. , Makovec N. , Markovic B. , Martin-Chassal G. , Mazini R. , Milke C. , Morenas M. , Perrin O. , Raskina V. , Rizzi C. , Ruckman L. , Rummler A. , Sacerdoti S. , Saito G. , Seguin-Moreau N. , Serin L. , Yang X. , Ye J. , Zhou W.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents the design and characterisation of a front-end prototype ASIC for the ATLAS High Granularity Timing Detector, which is planned for the High-Luminosity phase of the LHC.
This prototype, called ALTIROC1, consists of a 5 × 5-pad matrix and contains the analog
part of the single-channel readout (preamplifier, discriminator, two TDCs and SRAM).
Two preamplifier architectures (transimpedance and voltage) were implemented and tested.
The ASIC was characterised both alone and as a module when connected to a 5 × 5-pad array of LGAD sensors.
In calibration measurements, the ASIC operating alone was found to satisfy the technical requirements for the project, with similar performances for both preamplifier types. In particular, the jitter was found to be 15 ± 1 ps (35 ± 1 ps) for an injected charge of 10 fC (4 fC).
A degradation in performance was observed when the ASIC was connected to the LGAD array. This is attributed to digital couplings at the entrance of the preamplifiers.
When the ASIC is connected to the LGAD array, the lowest detectable charge increased from 1.5 fC to 3.4 fC. As a consequence, the jitter increased for an injected charge of 4 fC. Despite this increase, ALTIROC1 still satisfies the maximum jitter specification (below 65 ps) for the HGTD project.
This coupling issue also affects the time over threshold measurements and the time-walk correction can only be performed with transimpedance preamplifiers.
Beam test measurements with a pion beam at CERN were also undertaken to evaluate the performance of the module. The best time resolution obtained using only ALTIROC TDC data was 46.3 ± 0.7 ps for a restricted time of arrival range where the coupling issue is minimized.
The residual time-walk contribution is equal to 23 ps and is the dominant electronic noise contribution to the time resolution at 15 fC.
High average power ultrafast laser technologies for driving future advanced accelerators
Authors: Kiani Leily , Zhou Tong , Bahk Seung-Whan , Bromage Jake , Bruhwiler David , Campbell E. Michael , Chang Zenghu , Chowdhury Enam , Downer Michael , Du Qiang , Esarey Eric , Galvanauskas Almantas , Galvin Thomas , Häfner Constantin , Hoffmann Dieter , Joshi Chan , Kanskar Manoj , Lu Wei , Menoni Carmen , Messerly Michael , Mirov Sergey B. , Palmer Mark , Pogorelsky Igor , Polyanskiy Mikhail , Power Erik , Reagan Brendan , Rocca Jorge , Rothenberg Joshua , Schmidt Bruno E. , Sistrunk Emily , Spinka Thomas , Tochitsky Sergei , Vafaei-Najafabadi Navid , van Tilborg Jeroen , Wilcox Russell , Zuegel Jonathan , Geddes Cameron
Published: August 2023

Large scale laser facilities are needed to advance the
energy frontier in high energy physics and accelerator
physics. Laser plasma accelerators are core to advanced accelerator
concepts aimed at reaching TeV electron electron colliders. In these
facilities, intense laser pulses drive plasmas and are used to
accelerate electrons to high energies in remarkably short
distances. A laser plasma accelerator could in principle reach high
energies with an accelerating length that is 1000 times shorter than
in conventional RF based accelerators. Notionally, laser driven
particle beam energies could scale beyond state of the art
conventional accelerators. LPAs have produced multi GeV electron
beams in about 20 cm with relative energy spread of about 2
percent, supported by highly developed laser technology. This
validates key elements of the US DOE strategy for such accelerators
to enable future colliders but extending best results to date to a
TeV collider will require lasers with higher average power. While
the per pulse energies envisioned for laser driven colliders are
achievable with current lasers, low laser repetition rates limit
potential collider luminosity. Applications will require rates of
kHz to tens of kHz at Joules of energy and high efficiency, and a
collider would require about 100 such stages, a leap from current Hz
class LPAs. This represents a challenging 1000 fold increase in
laser repetition rates beyond current state of the art. This
whitepaper describes current research and outlook for candidate
laser systems as well as the accompanying broadband and high damage
threshold optics needed for driving future advanced accelerators.
Biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol nanofibers loaded with amoxicillin and salicylic acid to prevent wound infections
Authors: Aydin Ayca , Ulag Songul , Sahin Ali , Aksu Burak , Gunduz Oguzhan , Ustundag Cem Bulent , Marinas Ioana Cristina , Georgescu Mihaela , Chifiriuc Mariana Carmen
Published: August 2023

Diabetic wounds are one of the most challenging clinical conditions in diabetes, necessitating the development of new treatments to foster healing and prevent microbial contamination. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol was used as a matrix polymer, and amoxicillin (AMX) and salicylic acid (SA) were selected as bioactive compounds with antimicrobial (with AMX) and anti-inflammatory action (with SA) to obtain innovative drug-loaded electrospun nanofiber patches for the management of diabetic wounds. Scanning electron microscope images revealed the uniform and beadless structure of the nanofiber patches. Mechanical tests indicated that AMX minimally increased the tensile strength, while SA significantly reduced it. The patches demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) strains. The potential of these patches in the development of novel wound dressings is highlighted by the excellent biocompatibility with fibroblast cells maintained for up to 7 d.
Optimized osteogenesis of porcine bone-derived xenograft through surface coating of magnesium-doped nanohydroxyapatite
Authors: Xing Yihan , Zhong Xinyi , Chen Shoucheng , Wu Shiyu , Chen Kaidi , Li Xiyan , Su Mengxi , Liu Xingchen , Zhong Juan , Chen Zetao , Pan Haobo , Chen Zhuofan , Liu Quan
Published: August 2023

As one of the key factors influencing the outcome of guided bone regeneration, the currently used xenografts possess insufficient capability in osteogenesis. With the aim of improving the osteogenic performance of xenografts, porcine bone-derived hydroxyapatite (PHA) was prepared and subsequently coated by magnesium-doped nano hydroxyapatite (nMgHA, 10%, 20%, and 30% of Mg/Ca + Mg) through a straightforward and cost-efficient approach. The physiochemical and biological properties of nMgHA/PHAs were examined in vitro and in vivo. The inherent three-dimensional (3D) porous framework with the average pore size of 300 μm was well preserved in nMgHA/PHAs. Meanwhile, excess magnesium released from the so-called ‘surface pool’ of PHA was verified. In contrast, slower release of magnesium at lower concentrations was detected for nMgHA/PHAs. Significantly more newly-formed bone and microvessels were observed in 20%nMgHA/PHA than the other specimens. With the limitations of the present study, it could be concluded that PHA coated by 20%nMgHA may have the optimized osteogenic performance due to the elimination of the excess magnesium from the ‘surface pool’, the preservation of the inherent 3D porous framework with the favorable pore size, and the release of magnesium at an appropriate concentration that possessed osteoimmunomodulatory effects on macrophages.
Important non-local effects of deforestation on cloud cover changes in CMIP6 models
Authors: Hua Wenjian , Zhou Liming , Dai Aiguo , Chen Haishan , Liu Yi
Published: August 2023

Recent satellite and in-situ measurements show that forests can influence regional and global cloud cover through biophysical processes. However, forest’s possible local and non-local impacts on clouds remain unclear. By analyzing the model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, here we show that deforestation-induced cloud cover changes have a strong latitudinal dependence, with decreased cloudiness in the tropics but increased cloudiness in the temperate and boreal regions. We further disentangle the local and non-local effects in influencing the cloudiness changes in model simulations. Results show that deforestation leads to a local cloud reduction in the tropics and a non-local cloud enhancement in the temperate and boreal regions. We demonstrate that the relationship between changes in cloud cover and deforestation would be misinterpreted without considering the non-local signals. Furthermore, our modeling results are inconsistent with recent observational studies, with enhanced clouds in model simulations but reduced clouds in observations in the temperate and boreal regions. Further efforts to explore the non-local effect and to reduce the model uncertainty could help advance our understanding of the biophysical effects of deforestation.
Hot deformation and fatigue behaviour of a zinc base doped biocompatible material: characterization of plasma spray coating on surface
Authors: B Vinod , Sonagiri Suresh , S Sunil Kumar Reddy
Published: August 2023

Composite materials are natural or man-made substances put into the body to turn a living cell into a working organ. Bone tissue and biocompatibility are emerging as an alternative approach to regenerating bone due to some distinct advantages over autografting. This research aimed to fabricate a novel porous scaffold that can be utilized as a bone substitute. Zn-nHApx-Srx (x = 0, 3, 6, 9) was selected by different weight ratios and synthesized using the powder metallurgy method. The utilization of nanohydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is due to its excellent biocompatibility with the human body. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is incorporated to get enhanced biological performance. Plasma spray coating was performed on a zinc substrate using pure and doped biocomposites calcined at 800 °C. The biocomposites tensile strength increased between 0.4 and 19.8 MPa by increasing Zn and Sr weight ratios. In addition, 3% Sr/2.5% Zn with 2% of nHAp-PLGA composite showed improved hardness, which is beneficial for resembling bone tissue and die-casting fittings in automobile manufacturing applications. Mechanical properties, FT-IR, hot deformation behaviour, and SEM techniques help us understand the behaviour of Zn-Sr-nHAp in a vial containing PLGA. The highest ultimate tensile strength of 182 MPa and improved flow softening behaviour are achieved in a coated Zn/6% (nHAp-Sr) mixture suitable for biodegradable implant applications.
Evaluating the angiogenic and mechanical properties of hydrogels and physical constructs derived from spinal cord meninges extracellular matrix
Authors: Samancioglu Aybuke , Aydin Beyza , Ozudogru Eren , Arslan Yavuz Emre
Published: August 2023

The vasculature is an integral unit of the tissue microenvironment due to providing nutrients and oxygen to surrounding cells. Therefore, pro-angiogenic biomaterials have the potential to improve the success of a wide range of medical therapies, including tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery. Herein, we decellularized bovine spinal cord meninges with Triton X-100 and digested them with pepsin to obtain a hydrogel (MeninGEL). The cryogel form of the MeninGEL was also prepared by lyophilization process (named as MeninRIX). DNA content analysis showed that the nuclear content was significantly reduced by 98.6% after decellularization process. Furthermore, the effect of decellularization on extracellular matrix components was investigated with glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and hydroxyproline (HYP) content analyses. Tensile, compression, and suture retention tests were performed to elucidate the mechanical properties. The physiological degradation behavior of the bioscaffolds was investigated by hydrolytically. Both MeninGEL and MeninRIX have good biocompatibility and pro-angiogenic properties, as proved by the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) assay. Moreover, SEM and histological analyses indicated cellular migration, attachment, and dynamism on the bioscaffolds’ surfaces. On the basis of these data, MeninGEL and MeninRIX are pro-angiogenic structures and have adequate mechanical properties, which makes them promising candidates for soft regenerative medicine applications.
Modeling and compensation of twist error of helical gear with lead modification in continuous generating grinding
Authors: He Kun , Wang Aoting , Du Yanbin
Published: August 2023

A compensating method based on continuously deflecting the dressing wheel is proposed to eliminate the twist error of the lead modification tooth flank. Combining the tooth flank contact trace and the lead modification curve, the mechanism of the twist error is first analyzed. Second, a tooth profile error model is developed at the upper and lower end faces. The flank twist amount is calculated by subtracting the tooth profile error at the upper and lower end faces. Then, the profile slope deviation of the twisted tooth flank is transformed into the pressure angle deviation of the tooth profile, and the method of compensating the pressure angle of the worm wheel is applied to eliminate the pressure angle deviation of the tooth flank caused by the twist error. The grinding partition of the worm wheel is performed according to the diagonal grinding process, and a worm wheel dressing method for continuously deflecting the dressing wheel is provided to compensate for the twist error. Finally, the continuous generating grinding experiment of the lead modification gear verifies the feasibility of the proposed method.