bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The possibility of introducing compulsory vaccination against COVID-19 by applying the principle of proportionality, and analysis of the ECtHR case law and the existing case law of the constitutional court of Croatia
Authors: Marochini-Zrinski Maša
Published: November 2022

Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) protects individuals from the so-called involuntary medical treatments within the framework of the right to respect for private life. Given that the rights guaranteed under Article 8 are not absolute but qualified rights (which can be limited for the reasons enlisted in Article 8, paragraph 2), it is crucial to examine the necessity and proportionality of the measures adopted by the state when deciding on the admissibility of these limitations. In its jurisprudence, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) addressed the issue of involuntary medical treatment in a number of cases, but the issue of compulsory vaccination (of children) was addressed in only one case, Vavrička and others v the Czech Republic (2021). The decision was rendered in April 2021, at the peak of the fight against the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 disease. Having in mind the circumstances at the moment when the decision was made, the fact that the case was decided by the Grand Chamber, and the fact that applications against Greece and France had already been lodged with the Court concerning compulsory vaccination against the COVID-19 disease, it is difficult to avoid the impression that the Court had the aforesaid applications in mind when addressing the issue in Vavrička and others. The importance of the Court's decision in the case Vavrička and others and the criteria stated therein for determining the proportionality and necessity of the measure of compulsory vaccination, as well as the width of the margin of appreciation enjoyed by states, is therefore evident. The paper also presents the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Croatia on the issue of compulsory vaccination of children. For the purpose of projecting the direction in which the ECtHR will go when deciding on such cases, the author elaborates on the aforesaid applications before the Court, where the applicants claimed the violation of their Article 8 right due to the introduction of compulsory vaccination against the COVID-19 disease for certain categories of employees. Finally, although the status of compulsory vaccination against the COVID-19 disease has not been resolved before the Court yet, we may draw certain conclusions on the basis of the current direction of the Court's legal reasoning on the proportionality of the measure of compulsory vaccination of children. For this reason, great attention will be given to the doctrine of the margin of appreciation, the concept of "weighing" the rights of individuals against the protection of certain legitimate goals, and the examination of necessity and proportionality by the ECtHR.
The SFRY experience in combating the Variola vera epidemic in 1972: The significance of historical heritage for ex-Yugoslav republics in the circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ristić Milica
Published: November 2022

The outbreak of the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic in early 2020 reminded many people in the Balkans of the somewhat forgotten case of Variola vera (small pox) epidemic in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) in 1972. The example of the former Yugoslav state, which managed to conduct fast and effective vaccination of about 18 million citizens and declare the end to the epidemic within two months, has been increasingly emphasized in public. By contrast, the ex-Yugoslav republics have been fighting the (COVID-19 pandemic for the past two years, unsuccessfully for the most part. In this context, the experience of the former SFRY could be valuable and instructive for the successor states in the fight against the current pandemic. In this paper, the author attempts to provide an insight into the regulations that were in force in the SFRY before, during and after the outbreak of the Variola Vera epidemic, both at the federal level and in individual republics. Taking into consideration the historical and political circumstances and the development of new technologies from 1972 to the present time, the author aims to address the following question: is the legal framework of a state the decisive factor in combating serious infectious diseases, or may the non-legal factors prevail over legal regulation and dictate the direction of the epidemic?
Theoretical-experimental estimation of weldability of different types of steels by hard facing
Authors: Ilić Marjan , Ivković Đorđe , Lazić Vukić , Arsić Dušan , Aleksandrović Srbislav , Arsić Miodrag
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the weldability of carbon and alloy steels during surfacing was considered. The paper consists of a theoretical and experimental part. In the theoretical part of the paper, the general concepts related to weldability are pointed out, the most important methods for the assessment of weldability are described and the assessment of weldability of some carbon and alloyed steels is determined. In the experimental part, two carbon and two alloyed steels were hard faced with different filler metals. After the hard facing, on prepared samples the hardness measurement was done as well as examination of the microstructure of specific zones of welded joint. The weldability of used steels was estimated on the basis of hardness and microstructure and it was compared to theoretical results.
Transformacja energetyczna i klimatyczna – wybrane dylematy i rekomendacje
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Nowak Alojzy Z. , Kurtyka Michał , Tchorek Grzegorz ,   University of Warsaw
Published: November 2022

A valuable and unique academic publication on important and topical issues, co-written by eminent specialists, practitioners and decision makers who have attempted to analyse the challenges faced by the modern civilisation in order to limit the adverse effects of climate change. The complex subject matter is presented in a way that is easily comprehensible and may serve as cognitive material for first- and second-cycle students, PhD students and those interested in energy issues. Due to the unique nature and substantive scope, the monograph should also be of interest to local governments in need of knowledge on energy transition and energy and climate policy evolution.
Organizacje sieciowe jako nośniki innowacyjnego rozwoju gospodarki
Authors:   Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Kisielnicki Jerzy , Sobolewska Olga ,   University of Warsaw, Warsaw University of Technology
Published: November 2022

The monograph presents the issues of managing network organizations in both theoretical and practical terms. In six chapters the reader was presented with many years of research by its authors on virtual and network organizations, as well as issues closely related to the functioning of such structures, such as: the concept and analysis of the functioning of network organizations; basic construction models with particular emphasis on networks and nodes; the issues of management innovation were discussed; the conditions for knowledge flow in the context of network systems were assessed; communication in traditional and network structures; complicated problem of starting cooperation; the ICT infrastructure was discussed as the basis for all changes of interest to the authors of the monograph. The project management process was also presented on the example of a real large research and development project SYNAT, which was implemented within the network structure. The publication, compared to other existing works, is distinguished by a comprehensive analysis of the issues of network organization management, research on the role of a network organization as a carrier of innovation and presentation of unique research on the effects and barriers of this type of organization.
Eelectromagnetic field distribution of whispering gallery mode in a sapphire resonator
Authors: Fan Si-Chen , Yang Fan , Ruan Jun ,   National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China,   University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,   Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China
Published: November 2022

When the electromagnetic field in the sapphire resonator corresponds to the whispering gallery mode, it exhibits an extremely low dielectric loss. As result, sapphire oscillator has the characteristics of ultra-low phase noise and high short-term frequency stability. The distribution of electromagnetic field in the sapphire resonator is very important for realizing high-level oscillator. In this work, the radial-axial mode matching method is used to theoretically analyze the distribution of the field mode in the sapphire resonator, and the resonant frequency of the WGHm,0,0 mode is calculated. The field distribution of the sapphire resonator is simulated by the finite element analysis method. The gallery mode number of the sapphire resonator is studied and the electromagnetic field intensity distribution of the WGH15,0,0 mode in the azimuthal, axial and radial direction are obtained. Finally, a home-made gallery mode analyzer is used to measure the microwave field on the surface of sapphire resonator, which is composed of a three-dimensional rotating stage , the magnetic ring/probe coupling and a vector network analyzer. With the above theoretical analysis, the finite element analysis method and the experimental measurement, the working mode of the sapphire resonator and the resonant frequency of the WGHm,0,0 mode are determined. When the sapphire resonator works in WGH15,0,0 mode, the resonant frequency is 9.891 GHz, and the parameters of the whispering gallery mode in the resonator are obtained, and the unloaded Q value of the resonator is 94000. When the temperature is 292 K, the frequency-temperature sensitivity of the sapphire resonator working in the WGHm,0,0 whispering gallery mode is about \begin{document}$71.64 \times 10^{-6}$\end{document}. The microwave oscillator consisting of the high Q sapphire resonator can be used to make an oscillator with ultra-low phase noise and high frequency stability.
A Comparative Analysis of Advanced Ensemble Models in Cervical Cancer Prediction
Authors: Okaka Rebecca Adhiambo
Published: November 2022

There are no symptoms in the early stages of cervical cancer, detection can only be done through regular Papanicolaou (Pap) and Human papillomavirus (HPV) tests. However, most women are not aware of these tests, if not, shy away from taking these tests, this has led to late cervical cancer diagnosis, and now, cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths among women. Successful cervical cancer treatment can be improved by early diagnosis, which can be achieved by analysing potential risk factors. This paper presents the performance of two advanced ensemble models; Bagging Classifier and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) Classifier in predicting cervical cancer diagnosis based on documented cancer risk factors and target variables. The models were evaluated using accuracy, sensitivity and specificity metrics. Experiments done using the Cervical Cancer Risk Factors dataset found in the University of California at Irvine (UCI) repository shows that both models achieved good accuracy levels and can thus be used in early cervical cancer detection to avoid late diagnosis that has led to massive loss of lives.
Exploration on Cultivating the Situational Ability of Nursing Students in Nursing Teaching
Authors: Wang Chunyan
Published: November 2022

Exploration on cultivating the situational ability of nursing students in nursing teaching is the research focus of this study. On the basis of material development, it is necessary to design a complete set of narrative nursing teaching implementation plan for how teachers use narrative nursing materials and what kind of operating procedures to implement nursing narrative teaching, so as to provide teachers with creative design of classroom teaching. Hence, this paper considers the combination of the existing efficient work, there are many discussions on the influencing factors and related factors of nurses' emotional domain ability, but there is a lack of discussion on its constituent elements, and it is necessary to formulate evaluation indicators in a targeted manner, then, we provide the suggestions and also countermeasures.
Evaluation of Histopathological Findings in Lymph Node Lesions
Authors: Shiledar Ashwini Ashoksingh , Pandav Amitkumar Bapuso , Rajput Santoshsing Shivramsingh , Shiledar Ashish Ashoksingh
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Enlargement of lymph nodes is one of the most common presentations in inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. Persistent enlargement of lymph nodes requires detailed investigations to reveal an underlying pathology. Clinical features and radiology images may not be sufficient for diagnosing lymph node lesions. Hence, histopathology has become a mandatory tool to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Aim: To evaluate histopathological patterns of various lymph node lesions. Materials and Methods: The present prospective study was undertaken in the Department of Pathology, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India, from October 2016 to September 2018. Information regarding clinical history, and examination was noted from case sheet of patients. Total 104 lymph nodes were grossly examined and processed in routine paraffin technique and then stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Meticulous histopathological examination was done in each case to arrive at correct histopathological diagnosis. Special stains and immunohistochemistry were performed wherever mandatory or indicated. Qualitative data was presented as frequency and percentages. Results: Total 104 patients were studied, majority were males {n=56 (53.8%)} and mean age was 46 years. Reactive lymphadenitis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy forming 60 (57%) cases. The metastatic lesions were in 23 (21.1%) cases. Other lesions encountered were tubercular lymphadenitis in 15 (14.3%) cases, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in 3 (2.9%) cases, 58 (55.7%) patients had cervical lymphadenopathy and 35 (33.6%) patients had axillary lymphadenopathy. Conclusion: Reactive lymphadenitis was the most common cause of lymphadenopathy in present study. Causes of lymphadenopathy can be suspected on clinical grounds, but histopathological examination is gold standard for early diagnostic and prognostic purpose. Special stains and immunohistochemistry should be done wherever mandatory or when indicated.
Quantitative Definition of Fever Needs a Change: A Longitudinal Study from the Hospital Workers and their Family Members
Authors: Kumar Nitin , Kapoor Mayank , Panda Prasan Kumar , Singh Yogesh , Bhadoria Ajeet Singh , Dhar Minakshi
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The age-old definition of fever was derived using cross-sectional population surveying utilising old techniques without considering symptomatology. However, the diagnosis of fever must be made only in the presence of associated symptoms that can distinguish it from the mere asymptomatic physiologic rise of temperature. Aim: Analysis of symptoms to re-define the cut-off of fever based on symptomatology. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal study on the healthy population of Uttarakhand, India was conducted and the population was followed up from July 2019 to September 2020. Healthy staff and students of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), and their family members between 4-100 years of age were chosen. Participants were advised to self-monitor oral temperature with a standard digital thermometer in either left or right sublingual pocket and record it in the thermometry diary. The study was considered complete if the participant had all the three phases of the study (i.e., prefebrile, febrile, and postfebrile phases) or completed the duration of the study. The febrile phase was defined when the participants subjectively ‘felt feverish’. Associated symptoms like fatigue, warmth, headache, and feeling malaise were also recorded. Results: Mean age of the participants was 24.24±5.92 years, and 52.1% (75) were males. Per protocol analysis was done for febrile participants (n=144, temperature recordings=6544). The mean febrile phase temperature was 100.25±1.440 F. A temperature of 99.10 F had maximum diagnostic accuracy for feeling feverish (98.2%), along with one (98.3%) or two (99%) associated symptoms. Summer and spring months showed higher temperatures (100.38±1.44 v/s 99.80±1.49, p-value<0.001), whereas no significant temperature difference could be noted amongst the genders. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the revised temperature cut-off to define fever should be 99.10 F along with one or two associated symptoms.
Incidence of Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Submandibular Gland among N+ Cases of Neck Dissection: A Research Protocol
Authors: Shaikh Amjad Munir , Borle Rajiv M , Bhola Nitin
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignant diseases of the head and neck region. Management of OSCC involves removal of the Submandibular Gland (SMG) along with lymph nodes. The submandibular salivary gland is routinely removed, considering metastatic involvement from OSCC. Many studies show there is no or rare involvement of the submandibular gland. Aim: To find the incidence of metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the submandibular salivary gland during neck dissection. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional observational, descriptive study will be conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sharad Pawar Dental College and Hospital, Sawangi, Maharashtra, India, from November 2018. Data will be compilated in tabular form in term of descriptive statistics with frequency and proportion of submandibular gland involvement. It will be conducted on 90 operated cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma in whom one or both the submandibular glands will be removed during neck dissection. The outcome parameters will be the nature and site of lesion, clinical nodal status, clinical stage of disease, preoperative and post-operative histopathological examination of lesion, histopathological examination of resected lymph nodes and proportion of involvement of submandibular gland.
Liposarcoma of Spermatic CordEncountered While Operating the Inguinoscrotal Hernia
Authors: Chitrambalam Tharun Ganapathy , Paladugu Ramyasree , George Nidhi Mariam , Panicker Koshy Mathew , Selvamuthukumaran Sundeep
Published: November 2022

Liposarcomas in the spermatic cord are rare and difficult to diagnose preoperatively, since they present as inguinal or scrotal masses which are frequently evaluated only by ultrasonogram, and other imaging modalities. This case report is about a 48-yearold male, who presented with a painless swelling in the right inguinal region extending to the scrotum, since two years. Upon inguinal exploration, a single irregular fatty mass, arising from the cord, was found in addition to a small inguinal hernia. En-bloc resection of the mass with inguinal orchidectomy was done and histopathology proved it to be a well-differentiated liposarcoma. A rare malignancy with a deceptive presentation must be taken into account while evaluating scrotal masses, particularly in patients with suspected recurrent hernias of the inguinal region.
Ideal Timing of Prostate Operation in Chronic Urinary Retention due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Serial Urodynamic Study: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Atar Kasim Mainoddin , Maiti Krishnendu , Pal Dilip Kumar
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Chronic Urinary Retention (CUR) due to prostatomegaly causes impaired detrusor function, secondary to obstruction-related changes in the bladder wall. Urodynamic study is the “gold standard” to determine detrusor function in CUR patients. Traditional management of all CUR patients due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is temporary catheter drainage of the urinary bladder, so that detrusor impairment may be corrected. There is no consensus regarding the ideal timing of prostate operation in Bladder Outlet Obstruction (BOO) patients presenting with CUR due to BPH. Aim: To assess the ideal timing of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) in chronic urinary retention patients due to BPH. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal study of 57 eligible patients with non neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms, who presented with chronic urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia and attended the Department of Urology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital (IPGME&R SSKM) hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India from August 2019 to July 2022. Four serial Urodynamic Studies (UDS) were performed after initial catheterisation in sterile urine culture on the day 5, day 14, day 30, and at 6th week. As per UDS findings, patients were classified into Preserved Detrusor function group (n=18), at peak flow rate (Qmax) {Detrusor Pressure (Pdet) at peak flow rate} >30 cm H2 O and Impaired Detrusor function group (n=39), Pdet at Qmax ≤30 cm H2 O. Descriptive statistics were performed as means, standard deviations and ranges using Microsoft Excel software. For categorical variables percentages were used. The Student’s paired-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the present study, mean age of preserved detrusor function group was 56.17 years and impaired detrusor function group was 67.08 years. In preserved detrusor function group (n=18), 83.3% patients had upper urinary tract changes and in impaired detrusor function group (n=39) only 15.4% patients had upper tract changes (p-value <0.05). On the urodynamic study done 6 th week after initial catheterisation, in impaired detrusor function group, n=36 (92.30%) patients had Pdet at Qmax>30 cm H2 O and only n=3 (7.7%) patients had Pdet at Qmax≤ 30 cm H2 O (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Urodynamic study is the gold standard to determine detrusor function in chronic urinary retention patients. It is ideal to wait till six weeks or beyond, for TURP in chronic urinary retention patients due to BPH after initial catheterisation.
Rare and Aggressive Primary Amelanotic Melanoma in Anorectal Region: A Case Series
Authors: Elancheran M , Kaliyamoorthy K Siva , Sriram V , Archana V , Ragavendran S
Published: November 2022

Anorectal amelanotic melanoma is a rare and aggressive disease with high morbidity and mortality. A conclusive diagnosis of anorectal amelanotic melanoma poses a challenge to pathologists and clinicians due to the protean nature of this entity, be it in its initial clinical assessment appearing as non pigmented polypoidal growths usually mistaken for haemorrhoids or anorectal polyps. Histomorphologically, these entities get categorised in bewildering array of diagnoses like spindle cell carcinoma, Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST), High grade sarcomas and even lymphoma. Thus Immunohistochemistry (IHC) remains a vital tool for conclusive diagnosis. The purpose of the present case series is to discuss in detail about the three patients all aged above 55 years and clinically assessed with anorectal polypoidal growths. All three cases on histopathological evaluation were diagnosed as spindle cell neoplasm with no discernible melanin pigments. The IHC performed on all three cases turned positive for S-100 and Human Melanoma Black 45 (HMB 45). This case series highlights the challenging and bewildering nature of presentation of anorectal amelanotic melanomas, by virtue of its rarity and hence justifies the need for it to be considered as a possible differential diagnosis.
Nomadic Bedes are Experiencing Identity Crisis and Shifting of their Traditional Habitats in Bangladesh
Authors: Shawon Raf Ana Rabbi , Shyama Israt Jahan , Hossain Md. Jannat , Mamun Md. Shahin Al , Rabbi Mahbub E. , Rahman Md. Matiur
Published: November 2022

Bangladesh is one of the world's most densely populated countries, with various ethnic communities scattered throughout the nation. The nomadic Bede are an ancient ethnic group that has traditionally lived, traveled, and earned their livelihood in Bengal's riverine systems. Snake charming is one of the main ways they make money. However, most of the Bedes are changing their inheriting characteristics of riverine system to a new habitat. The purpose of the study is to identify the actual scenario of the Bede community in selected areas of Bangladesh. The study revealed that Bedes are changing their traditional way of life by moving from boats to temporary land, where they live in a small collection of huts and makeshift homes for a long time. Few of them were still engaged in their traditional occupations, such as snake charming and selling ethno-medicines; however, the majority relied on the begging in the street by bluffing the street people or make the people fool or engage with other jobs to make ends meet. Although contemporary technology has brought new sorts of entertainment, decreasing the incentive for Bede’s to work, less Bedes may have been active in snake charming as a means of continuing their parental profession. Importantly, the young generations are not interested in their nomadic Bede life and few of them are doing snake-charming and other forms of traditional entertainment for a living. The mainstream of society does not accept them cordially due to their cultural, ritual, and occupational differences. As a whole, the Bede people lived below the poverty line, making them very vulnerable in the society and experiencing an identity crisis. The Bede community requires the government and human rights organizations' help to secure their house, make it easier for them to get work, and ensure their health and education so th5at they may survive as a people in the society's mainstream. This is a preliminary study that attempted to identify the reality of the Bede community in a small representative part of Bangladesh. Future study is needed to discover more information about the Bede community that lives around the country.
Efficacy of Apocyclops royi (Cyclopoida, Copepoda) Nauplii as Live Prey for the First Feeding Larvae of Silver Pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801)
Authors: Vijayaraj Radha , Jayaprakashvel Mani , Altaff Kareem
Published: November 2022

In the rearing of first exogenous feeding, marine finfish larvae availability of live prey with suitable size and nutritive content is vital for their growth and survival. Copepods represent an important alternative food to present traditional live feed organisms used in marine fish hatcheries. Use of copepods is known to improve survival, growth, and development of fish larvae. The silver pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepède, 1801) is one of the suitable candidate species for aquaculture due to its fast growth, good meat quality and high market demand. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Apocyclops royi nauplii in the rearing of first feeding larvae of T. blochii. The feeding experiments were conducted from 3 to 7 Day Post Hatch (DPH) using A. royi nauplii and Brachionus plicatilis (s type) diets. Higher growth of T. blochii larvae was evident with A. royi nauplii than that of rotifer diet. The A. royi nauplii fed experimental group of T. blochii larvae showed significantly different length (p <0.05) compared to rotifer fed larvae and the specific growth rate recorded was 29.42% and 24.28% in A. royi and rotifers fed experimental groups, respectively. On 7 DPH, A. royi nauplii fed T. blochii larvae showed higher mortality than rotifer fed group. With A. royi feed T. blochii larvae produced higher pigmentation which gradually started on the head and dorsal surface of the body from 3 DPH onwards and spread all over the body and became intense as the larvae grew to 7 DPH. Our results suggest the A. royi nauplii are suitable live prey for the T. blochii larvae during the initial feeding phase for better growth and pigmentation.
Food Composition and Feeding Intensity of Channa Striata from Selected Stations of River Krishna, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Krishna P. V. , Saroja K. , Kumar M. Naveen , Sarma B. V. L. Aradhya , Dedeepya P.
Published: November 2022

Aim of the current piece of work was to study the food composition and feeding intensity of     Channa striata from Krishna river from June, 2019 to July 2020. The gut contents   were analysed from the three stations to undertaken the food composition of the fish. The major components of food items in the gut of fish was: fishes and their larvae, crustaceans, insect larvae, annelids with semi digested material and unidentified items. Fishes are identified as of teleost, particularly carps and cat fish larvae but most of the fishes leftovers could not be recognized since they are found in advanced phases of digestion with only scales & skeleton remains. Gastropods are identified as polycheate larvae, and Crustaceans are prawn and  crab larvae. The percentage occurrence of fishes and their larvae in gut contents and also feeding intensity were indicated that   C. striata preferential food  was fishes followed by crustaceans.
Evaluation of Rice Varieties under Different Systems of Cultivation for Central Telangana Zone
Authors: Patil S. Vikas , Kumar G. Santhosh , Nagabhushanam U. , Ramulu CH. , Yakadri M.
Published: November 2022

A field study was conducted during kharif, 2021 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal to evaluate the performance of rice varieties under different systems of cultivation for central Telangana zone. The treatment consisted of three systems of cultivation i.e., transplanted rice system with 15x10 cm spacing, wet direct seeded rice (Drum seeding) with 30x6-8 cm spacing and dry direct seeded rice at 30 cm row spacing in main plots and four varieties i.e., RNR 15048 (Telangana sona), WGL 44 (Siddi), WGL 915 (Warangal Rice-1) and KNM 118 (Kunaran sannalu) in sub plots. Experimental data revealed that transplanted rice recorded significantly superior growth components and yield attributing characters i.e., number of tillers m-², number of effective tillers m-², dry matter production, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index (%) compared to other systems of cultivation. Significant higher grain and straw yield was recorded with transplanted rice system followed by wet DSR and least in dry DSR. Under varieties KNM 118 registered higher dry matter production, grain yield, straw yield and harvest index (%) as compared to remaining varieties.
A Review of Covid-19’s Impact on Pregnancy
Authors: Mitu Mehedi Mala , Nayan Md. Iqbal Hossain , Nandi Tirtha
Published: November 2022

Background and Aim: Since the new Coronavirus started spreading in December 2019, the virus has had enormous consequences on people’s health and way of life in every nation on earth has been touched. A pregnant lady is more susceptible to infection than a healthy one because she is immunocompromised throughout pregnancy. The purpose of this present paper is to review relevant published literature to determine the impact of covid-19 on pregnant women.

Methods: In this narrative review all publications published in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science from December 2019 to August 2022 by conducting a complete search with the required keywords, including covid-19, coronavirus illness 2019, SARS-CoV-2, and miscarriage, abortion, or pregnancy outcomes. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria and following the PRISMA guidelines, total 25 papers were identified and thoroughly examined. There are few accessible data on the effects of covid-19 on pregnancy. Every day, new information emerges on the management of pregnancy during the covid-19 era.

Results: Pregnant women with covid-19 experienced fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, and exhaustion in the early stages, while headache, chest discomfort, and diarrhea were less common. Results shows that covid-19 can cause fetal distress, miscarriage, respiratory distress, and preterm delivery in pregnant women, according to the reviewed literature.

Conclusion: There is a higher risk in women who have a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. covid-19 infection during pregnancy may cause pregnancy problems such as preterm birth, fetal distress and miscarriages. Due to the absence of adequate data regarding the effects of covid-19 on pregnancy, it is required to monitor suspected pregnant women to prevent miscarriage, fetal distress, respiratory distress and preterm delivery.
Computational Characterisation, Homology Modelling and Structure-based Functional Annotation of Very Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor of Salmo trutta fario
Authors: Qayoom Ubaid , Mushtaq Zahoor , Barik Pabitra
Published: November 2022

The present study was designed to enlist the physiochemical and functional properties of the very low-density lipoprotein receptor of Salmo trutta fario (brown trout), and provide information about its three-dimensional structure and interaction with partner molecules using standard bioinformatic tools. VLDL receptor is a large flexible protein with a molecular weight of around 95.9 kDa, relatively unstable, and hydrophobic with a primary transmembrane helix from N-786 to C-808. All of the 70 Cysteine residues (except four) are in a disulphide bonding state. Secondary structure analysis shows that most of the protein has a predominant random coiled configuration followed by extended strands. Six Epidermal growth factor-like domains and two EGF-like-Ca2+ binding domains were predicted. The protein plays a crucially important role in various metabolic pathways including vitellogenesis in fishes. Understanding the structural and functional properties of the VLDL receptor will facilitate a better understanding of its molecular dynamics and the designing of experimental procedures.
Analysis of Clinical Outcomes of Pregnant Patients Treated With Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir for Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Garneau William M. , Jones-Beatty Kimberly , Ufua Michelle O. , Mostafa Heba H. , Klein Sabra L. , Burd Irina , Gebo Kelly A.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Pregnant people are at increased risk of poor outcomes due to infection with SARS-CoV-2, and there are limited therapeutic options available.

Objective

To evaluate the clinical outcomes associated with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir used to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant patients.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This case series included pregnant patients who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection, received nirmatrelvir and ritonavir, and delivered their offspring within the Johns Hopkins Health System between December 22, 2021, and August 20, 2022.

Exposures

Treatment with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir for SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Clinical characteristics and outcomes were ascertained through manual record review.

Results

Forty-seven pregnant patients (median [range] age, 34 [22-43] years) were included in the study, and the median (range) gestational age of their offspring was 28.4 (4.3-39.6) weeks. Medication was initiated at a median (range) of 1 (0-5) day after symptom onset, and only 2 patients [4.3%] did not complete the course of therapy because of adverse effects. Thirty patients (63.8%) treated with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir had a comorbidity in addition to pregnancy that could be a risk factor for developing severe COVID-19. Twenty-five patients [53.2%] delivered after treatment with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. Twelve of these patients [48.0%] underwent cesarean delivery, 9 [75.0%] of which were scheduled. Two of 47 patients [4.3%] were hospitalized for conditions related to preexisting comorbidities.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this case series, pregnant patients who were treated with nirmatrelvir and ritonavir tolerated treatment well, although there was an unexpectedly high rate of cesarean deliveries. The lack of an increase in serious adverse effects affecting pregnant patients or offspring suggests that clinicians can use this drug combination to treat pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Towards effective ecological restoration: Investigating knowledge co‐production on fish–habitat relationships with Aquatic Habitat Toronto
Authors: Piczak Morgan L. , Anderton Rod , Cartwright Lyndsay A. , Little Don , MacPherson Gord , Matos Laud , McDonald Karen , Portiss Rick , Riehl Mike , Sciscione Thomas , Valere Brent , Wallace Angela M. , Young Nathan , Doka Susan E. , Midwood Jonathan D. , Cooke Steve J.
Published: November 2022

For decades, the working paradigm for ecological restoration was independent operation of knowledge generators (researchers and scientists) and knowledge users (decision makers and practitioners), resulting in a knowledge–action gap. Knowledge co‐production is a collaborative process where research is conducted in a respectful and engaging manner with continuous knowledge exchange and heralded as a means of bridging the divide.

Aquatic Habitat Toronto (AHT) is a unique consensus‐based partnership with diverse member agencies that engage in restoration ecology and practice along the Toronto Waterfront of Lake Ontario, Canada. Here, we examine the process that AHT uses to enable knowledge co‐production and identify associated benefits and challenges.

Benefits to AHT's consensus‐based partnership include advanced notice of projects, access to diverse expertise and local knowledge, increased understanding of fish habitat, adoption of novel restoration techniques and more effective restoration and improved knowledge exchange, collectively mitigating the knowledge–action divide.

Challenges of knowledge co‐production facilitated by AHT include consistent agency participation and meaningful engagement, closed or exclusive networks, time commitments and limited financial resources, evolving political landscapes, stability of funding cycles and issues stemming from varying goals and relevancy.

Key recommendations for ensuring that knowledge co‐production results in actionable science and for maximizing the effectiveness of ecological restoration using AHT's format include securing long‐term and stable funding, developing relationships across agencies and allied partners, engaging early, outlining goals/objectives collaboratively, conducting before and after scientific monitoring, minimizing personal biases, periodically reviewing partnerships to maximize inclusivity, sharing successes (and failures) broadly, and providing open data. AHT embraces an approach that includes integrated planning with multi‐jurisdictional support with diverse partners at a tractable scale and we argue that this should be the standard model of aquatic ecosystem management.
Pd‐Catalyzed C(sp
3
)H Activation by Native Directing Groups
Authors: Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda , Padmavathi Rayavarapu , Aggarwal Yashika , Kaur Ramandeep , Suwasia Sonam
Published: November 2022

In this article, we discuss the recent developments in palladium (Pd)‐catalyzed C(sp
3
)H activation assisted by native directing groups. Although studies on preinstalled (exogenous) directing group‐aided Pd‐catalyzed C(sp
3
)H functionalization reactions are still emerging, research on Pd‐catalyzed C(sp
3
)H activation assisted by native directing groups is growing at a considerable pace. Native directing groups refer to inherent functional groups or moieties present in small organic molecules. Accordingly, this article presents developments involving the Pd‐catalyzed C(sp
3
)H functionalization of small organic molecules containing functional groups, such as carboxylic acid, amine, azaarene, ketone, and part of peptide moieties, which act as native directing groups.
Rh‐Catalyzed Arene Distal
meta
‐ and
para
‐CH Functionalization
Authors: Ali Wajid , Prakash Gaurav , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel A. , Mokhtar Mohamed , Maiti Debabrata
Published: November 2022

In literature many reports are documented for the Rh‐catalyzed proximal CH functionalization, however introduction of Rh in distal CH activation is a newly instituted field in organic synthesis. In this chapter, we summarized the successful achievement in Rh‐catalyzed
meta
and
para
‐CH functionalization. Rh‐catalyzed reactions are analogous to Pd‐catalysis, however it is different in term of using ligand and oxidant type. These differences allow to explore different kind of ligand apart from MPAA, providing room for stereoselective CH activation as well utilization of cheaper oxidants for closing the mechanistic cycle. Here, we provided a comprehensive discussion on scope, limitation, mechanism and its application in synthetic organic chemistry.
Iron‐Catalyzed CH Halogenation
Authors: Jana Rahul Dev , Paine Tapan Kanti
Published: November 2022

Organohalogen compounds are of particular interest in pharmaceutical, therapeutic peptides, agrochemicals, detergents, pigments, and polymer sciences. Therefore, facile and selective halogenation of aliphatic and aromatic CH bonds using the abundant and cheap oxidant is extremely attractive from the chemical and industrial perspective. Despite the significant development in CH functionalization chemistry, selective and catalytic halogenation under sustainable conditions remains a challenge. In biological systems, CH bond halogenation reactions are catalyzed by metalloenzymes under ambient conditions using aerial oxygen and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. Among these metalloenzymes, iron‐containing halogenases utilize high‐valent iron‐oxo intermediates to install halogen atoms into aromatic and aliphatic substrates. As a result, high‐valent iron‐oxo oxidants have recently attracted considerable attention in developing structural and functional models of halogenase enzymes. The characterization and reactivity studies of iron‐oxo/iron‐oxo‐halide species help understand the influence of steric‐ and electronic properties of metal centers on the CH bond halogenation reactivity. In that direction, several iron complexes supported by polydentate nitrogen ligands have been developed by exploring bio‐inspired approaches, i.e. mimicking essential aspects of halogenase enzymes. This article provides a focused overview of the development of iron‐based systems for selective halogenation reactions and understanding the mechanism of their activity.
Mechanistic Understanding on Iron‐Catalyzed CH Activation
Authors: Gallego Daniel , Baquero Edwin A.
Published: November 2022

Modern synthetic chemistry has explored the applicability of more abundant and less toxic transition metals based on their reactivity towards CH functionalization reactions despite their lower catalytic performance compared to noble‐metal catalysis. However, a strong understanding of the reaction mechanism is required to make a rational design of a catalytic system without the need to test a wide variety of conditions libraries with poor results. Mechanistic studies are not trivial, and comprehensive experimental and computational data is preferred to draw a complete mechanistic scenario for each catalytic system. In this sense, during the last decade, iron‐based catalysts have presented very prominent results in the CH functionalization arena. Nevertheless, there is plenty of room to improve their catalytic performance to reach activities to the noble metal‐based catalysts. Thus, in order to give an overview to the reader, we focus this review on the recent articles digging into mechanistic aspects from different perspectives covering spectroscopic analyses of possible reaction intermediates, kinetic, thermodynamic, and theoretical studies on iron‐based CH functionalizations following inner‐sphere mechanisms. Hence, the critical parameters and conditions are summarized to clarify the iron catalysts' mode of action on the CH activation to enhance their catalytic performances and look for more sustainable catalytic transformations with this metal.
Photochemical CH Bond Activation by Gold, Platinum, Tungsten, and Osmium Complexes
Authors: Liu Yungen , Tan Hao‐Chong , Yu Daohong , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: November 2022

To meet the increasing demand for environmentally benign and sustainable chemical processes, the use of light in organic synthesis is blossoming. Over the past decades, luminescent transition metal complexes have been extensively studied as photosensitizers due to their excellent photophysical properties and flexibility in structure modification. The visible‐light photo‐catalysis has been developed rapidly, from “proof of concept” to “a useful strategy,” in a broad range of organic transformation reactions that can be used in practical organic synthesis. Compared with the extensive literatures on ruthenium and iridium complexes used in visible‐light catalysis, the summaries on gold, platinum tungsten (except polyoxotungstates), and osmium complexes catalyzed photochemical reactions are scarce. In this article, the recent developments in photochemical reactions catalyzed by gold (Au), platinum (Pt), tungsten (W), and osmium (Os) complexes, as well as the mechanistic studies and their applications in organic synthesis are summarized. The photochemical reactions discussed herein mainly refer to the ones with transition metal complexes that absorb light in the UV–visible spectral region and which serve as a photo‐redox catalyst or a photosensitizer.
Pincer‐Metal Complexes as Catalysts for CH Activation and Functionalization in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Reyes‐Sanchez Adan , González‐Sebastián Lucero , Morales‐Morales David
Published: November 2022

This article describes applications of pincer complexes in the CH bond activation and functionalization. The reader is provided with an overview of this important area and its crucial role in forging stoichiometric intra‐ and intermolecular CH activations in organometallic pincer compounds. A special emphasis is given to the role of pincer ligands in promoting challenging CH activation methods. Applications in the stoichiometric and catalytic formation of CC and CB bonds via CH activation in organic substrates are also presented. The scope of this article is limited to complexes of late transition metals and therefore, reactions involving main group metals are not included.
Transition Metal‐Free Decarboxylative
CH
Bond Functionalization
Authors: Bisht Shweta , Batra Sanjay
Published: November 2022

This article highlights the recent advances in metal‐free decarboxylative coupling reactions for the CH bond functionalization leading to CC or CX bond formation. The ready availability of a variety of carboxylic acids and extrusion of CO
2
as the only by‐product are some of the attributes, which make this coupling approach sustainable and environmentally benign as compared to the conventional coupling reactions. This article features three major routes for nonmetallic decarboxylative CH bond functionalization viz. (i) oxidative CH bond functionalization; (ii) visible‐light CH bond functionalization, and (iii) electrochemical CH bond functionalization.
Site‐Selective CH Functionalization with Diazo Compounds (Carbenes)
Authors: Laha Debasish , Shaikh Javed Y. , Bhat Ramakrishna G.
Published: November 2022

The realization of the direct CH bond functionalization has really brought the radical change in planning the organic synthetic strategies via traditional logics. The CH bond functionalization is an art of selective functionalization even in presence of more reactive functional groups. In this article, we have highlighted more challenging intermolecular site‐selective CH bond functionalization of unactivated CH bonds of small organic scaffolds using different diazo carbonyl reagents, substrates, and catalysts‐controlled processes. This article has covered the selective and undirected CH functionalization of alkanes, arenes,
N
‐substituted and free aromatic amines, phenols, naphthols, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds, and benzofurans with different diazo carbonyl compounds under metal catalysis. This article has been written to serve as a guide for understanding the principle and for accessing newer approaches to achieve the selective CH bond functionalization.