bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sporulation and Identity of Tar Spot of Maple in Canada
Authors: Hsiang Tom , Tian Xiuling Lynn
Published: January 2024

Tar spot of maple has been increasing in incidence and severity in the Great Lakes region of eastern North America since the 1990's. The purpose of this work was to examine tar spot on native and imported maple species to determine the fungal species involved. By extracting and sequencing DNA from tar spot samples obtained from Europe and across Canada, we have found that giant tar spot on Norway maple (Acer platanoides) is caused by Rhytisma acerinum, the same fungus found in Europe, whereas native maple species in North America have the large tar spot caused by R. americanum (e.g. on silver maple, A. saccharinum) or the speckled tar spot caused by R. punctatum (on big-leaf maple, A. macrophyllum). We also found that ascospore release from tar spots on Norway maple in southern Ontario occurred over a three-week period, the start of which coincided with full leaf expansion in Norway maple.
How do the Epidemics of Gremmeniella abietina Start?
Authors: Uotila Antti , Petäistö Raija-Liisa
Published: January 2024

Gremmeniella abietina type A caused two widespread epidemics in Nordic countries: in 1982 in Finland and in 2001 in Sweden. The reasons for these epidemics are discussed based on the inoculation experiments in Finland and the literature. The fungus has been inoculated by putting a piece of mycelium in the phloem or by spraying the conidia or ascospores on pine shoots. Mycelial inoculations cause cankers in dormant period inoculations, but not in summer inoculations. During the dormant period, pine cannot actively defend against the fungus. Spore inoculations are successful in summer, which is also the natural spreading time of the fungus. The reason for infection seems to be poor structural resistance in infected shoots. Firstly the fungus infects the bract and during the dormant period it grows to the phloem through poorly developed cork layers between the dead bract and living phloem. A serious epidemic needs a rainy and cloudy summer and also the same kind of summer two years before. A mild winter enhances the growth in cankers, but a mild winter alone cannot cause the epidemics. Gremmeniella abietina damage is controlled by using local or a little bit of northern provenances.
Environmental Condition and Cypress Canker Disease
Authors: Feducci Matteo , Luchi Nicola , Capretti Paolo
Published: January 2024

Cypress canker by Seiridium cardinale (Wag.) Sutt. & Gibson is a disease particularly harmful for cypress trees in Tuscany where the landscape value of this species is very important. The paper reports on the relationship among S. cardinale and environmental factors that may influence the spreading of the fungus using GIS technology. The study conduced in the neighbourhood of Florence recording the occurrence of the fungus on a sample of about 6900 trees, demonstrate that the damage by S. cardinale varied according to the environmental conditions of the area. The study showed that the fungus affects the trees under relatively high humidity and mild temperature that in Tuscany occur during the growing season and enhance Cypress susceptibility to the disease.
Black Stain Root Disease Studies on Ponderosa Pine - Parameters and Disturbance Treatments Affecting Infection and Mortality
Authors: Otrosina W. J. , Kliejunas J. T. , Smith S. , Cluck D. R. , Sung S. S. , Cook C. D.
Published: January 2024

Black stain root disease of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Doug. Ex Laws.), caused by Leptographium wageneri var. ponderosum (Harrington & Cobb) Harrington & Cobb, is increasing on many eastside Sierra Nevada pine stands in northeastern California. The disease is spread from tree to tree via root contacts and grafts but overland spread of the disease is most likely due to woody root feeding bark beetle (Coleoptera:Scolytidae) vectors. Soil and site relations along with disturbance are factors in the etiology of the disease (Harrington and Cobb 1988). Thinning and prescribed burning are important silvicultural tools in maintaining forest health in eastside pine stands. Because soil compaction is a concern in many sites, skid trails are treated by subsoiling equipment to alleviate compaction where this might be an issue. However, little is known of the effects of these silvicultural treatments on incidence of black stain root disease on sites with high disease risk. Because the woody root feeding insects that vector the disease respond to disturbance (Otrosina – Ferrell 1995), understanding consequences of different disturbances resulting from silvicultural treatments is essential for devising management plans to mitigate disease impact This paper summarizes preliminary results from two long-term studies initiated in 1996 and 2000 to address these issues.
Spectral Extremal Problem on Disjoint Color-Critical Graphs
Authors: Lei Xingyu , Li Shuchao
Published: January 2024

For a given graph $F$, we say that a graph $G$ is $F$-free if it does not contain $F$ as a subgraph. A graph is color-critical if it contains an edge whose deletion reduces its chromatic number. Let $K_r^{+}(a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_r)$ be the graph obtained from complete $r$-partite graph with parts of sizes $a_1\geqslant 2, a_2, \ldots, a_r$, by adding an edge to the first part. In this paper, we focus on the spectral extrema of disjoint color-critical graphs. For fixed $t, a_1,\ldots, a_r\ (r\geqslant 2)$ and large enough $n$, we characterize the unique $n$-vertex $tK_r^+(a_1,\ldots,a_r)$-free graph having the largest spectral radius. Moreover, let $F_1,\ldots,F_t$ be $t$ disjoint color-critical graphs with the same chromatic number. We identify the unique $n$-vertex $\bigcup_{i=1}^tF_i$-free graph having the largest spectral radius for sufficiently large $n$. Consequently, we generalize the main results obtained by Ni, Wang and Kang [Electron. J. Combin. 30 (1) (2023), #P1.20] and by Fang, Zhai and Lin [arXiv:2302.03229v2].
Analysis of a Single Server Retrial Queueing System with Finite Capacity, F-Policy, Balking, Reneging and Server Maintenance
Authors: Jeyachandhiran R. , Rajendran P.
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we determine a single server retrial queuing system with finite capacity, F-policy, balking, reneging and server maintenance. The arriving customer when notices the server becomes free, then they get service immediately. In case server becomes busy, the customers are move to either orbit or may balk the system. In the orbit, after some random time the customer repeats their attempts for service. The customers are waiting in the orbit for longer time become impatient and leaves the orbit without getting service. Once the number of customers in the orbit reaches its full capacity then the arrival of customer is not allowed to enter into the orbit. The new customer is allowed into the orbit when the F-policy level is reached. If no more customer in the orbit, server will move to the vacation. By using recursive technique, the steady state distributions are obtained and we have developed various performance measures.
A 56-Year-Old Man with an Unusual Projectile Trajectory of Gunshot Wound at Head and Neck Region: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Zulfikar Welli , Moh. Habib
Published: January 2024

Background: Gunshot injuries to the neck are linked to a substantial risk of high mortality and morbidity due to the presence of critical vascular and vital structures. However, there are rare instances where a bullet trajectory through the neck region avoids damaging these vital structures. In this context, we report a specific case involving a 56-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with a gunshot wound to the right maxilla through the left anterior neck region.

Case presentation: During the examination, a hematoma was observed in the left neck without an apparent entrance wound. The occurrence of a bullet injury to the neck without affecting any vital structures is exceptionally uncommon. Effectively managing patients with high-velocity penetrating injuries to the head and neck entails prioritizing tasks such as securing the airway, controlling hemorrhage, and promptly addressing any residual traumatic deformities for optimal outcomes. The presented case involves a gunshot injury to the head and neck, and a comprehensive review of the literature is provided.

Conclusion: Gunshot injuries to the head and neck are complex and serious, demanding swift and thorough medical attention. The case emphasizes the significance of post-surgery monitoring for potential complications, contributing valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on managing such injuries.
الصراع السياسي والعسكري بين ملك بنطس ميثراداتس السادس وممالك آسيا الصغرى 120- 85 ق.م
Authors: مسعود أ/أحميده خير الله الداره
Published: January 2024

كان للعلاقات السياسية والعسكرية بين ملك بنطس ميثراداتس السادس والممالك المجاورة دور كبير في مراحل الصراع بين القوى الصاعدة والمتنافسة على بسط نفوذها في منطقة آسيا الصغرى، وقد تميزت هذه المرحلة بأحداث مهمة جسدت مدى عمق التنافس الشديد بين ممالك هذه المناطق وميثراداتس السادس، ولعل ما زاد في تطور الأوضاع السياسية والعسكرية في المنطقة هو بروز قادة وملوك عارضوا طموحات هذا الملك، ووقفوا ضد أعماله التوسعية؛ ما زاد من حدة التنافس بين هذه الممالك و ميثراداتس السادس؛ وعندما تمكن ميثراداتس السادس من دحر كل القوى الإقليمية في آسيا الصغرى ومد نفوذه على مساحات شاسعة، كان لزاماً عليه  عندئذ الاصطدام وجهاً لوجه مع  فيالق الجيش الروماني؛ لتشهد هذه المنطقة في بدايات القرن الأول ق.م، أـسوأ مراحل التطاحن بين روما و ميثراداتس السادس.
الإبداع وحرية الذات في مواجهة سلطة الواقع رواية( زرايب العَبيْدِ) أنمُوذجًا
Authors: البرغثي د. عصرانة علي مسعود , حسين د. عوض عقيلة عوض
Published: January 2024

ولأن للإبداع معان وصور قد  يتفق عليها وقد يختلف، حسب المسموح والممنوع في بيئة الكاتب،  ولأن الأديب كاتب الشعر والنثر  عندما يتجرأ على  كشف ما يحدث في واقعه، ويكتب عن المسكوت عنه  ويقدمه للمتلقي في قالب حكائي مشوق، يوصف عمله بأنه عمل إبداعي مختلف عن  كتابات أخرى في مجاله، هذا ما لفت نظري في رواية زرايب العبيد للروائية الليبية نجوى م وما تعرضوا له من قهر  وإذلال من قبل أسيادهم .
Revolutionizing gastric cancer treatment: The potential of immunotherapy
Authors: Christodoulidis Grigorios , Koumarelas Konstantinos Eleftherios , Kouliou Marina Nektaria
Published: January 2024

Gastric cancer, a prevalent malignancy worldwide, ranks sixth in terms of frequency and third in fatality, causing over a million new cases and 769000 annual deaths. Predominant in Eastern Europe and Eastern Asia, risk factors include family medical history, dietary habits, tobacco use, Helicobacter pylori , and Epstein-Barr virus infections. Unfortunately, gastric cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to a grim prognosis, with a 5-year overall survival rate below 5%. Surgical intervention, particularly with D2 Lymphadenectomy, is the mainstay for early-stage cases but offers limited success. For advanced cases, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommends chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy. Emerging immunotherapy presents promise, especially for unresectable or metastatic cases, with strategies like immune checkpoint inhi-bitors, tumor vaccines, adoptive immunotherapy, and nonspecific immunomodulators. In this Editorial, with regards to the article “Advances and key focus areas in gastric cancer immunotherapy: A comprehensive scientometric and clinical trial review”, we address the advances in the field of immunotherapy in gastric cancer and its future prospects.
Gastrointestinal manifestations of critical ill heatstroke patients and their associations with outcomes: A multicentre, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Wang Yu-Cong , Jin Xin-Yang , Lei Zheng , Liu Xiao-Jiao , Liu Yu , Zhang Bang-Guo , Gong Jian , Wang Lie-Tao , Shi Lv-Yuan , Wan Ding-Yuan , Fu Xin , Wang Lu-Ping , Ma Ai-Jia , Cheng Yi-Song , Yang Jing , He Min , Jin Xiao-Dong , Kang Yan , Wang Bo , Zhang Zhong-Wei , Wu Qin
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Extreme heat exposure is a growing health problem, and the effects of heat on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is unknown. This study aimed to assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on outcomes.

AIM

To assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on outcomes.

METHODS

Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to heatstroke were included from 83 centres. Patient history, laboratory results, and clinically relevant outcomes were recorded at ICU admission and daily until up to day 15, ICU discharge, or death. GI symptoms, including nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea, flatulence, and bloody stools, were recorded. The characteristics of patients with heatstroke concomitant with GI symptoms were described. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of GI symptoms.

RESULTS

A total of 713 patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 132 (18.5%) patients had at least one GI symptom during their ICU stay, while 26 (3.6%) suffered from more than one symptom. Patients with GI symptoms had a significantly higher ICU stay compared with those without. The mortality of patients who had two or more GI symptoms simultaneously was significantly higher than that in those with one GI symptom. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that older patients with a lower GCS score on admission were more likely to experience GI symptoms.

CONCLUSION

The GI manifestations of heatstroke are common and appear to impact clinically relevant hospitalization outcomes.
Antiviral treatment standards for hepatitis B: An urgent need for expansion
Authors: Bao Zi-Hong , Dai Zhi-Kun , Tang Hao-Xian
Published: January 2024

The present letter to the editor is related to the review with the title “Past, present, and future of long-term treatment for hepatitis B virus.” Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) represents an important and pressing public health concern. Timely identification and effective antiviral therapy hold the potential to reduce liver-related mortality attributable to chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) substantially. However, the current global treatment rates for CHB remain conspicuously low, with the excessively stringent treatment criteria advocated by national CHB gui-delines being a contributing factor to these low rates. Nevertheless, recent strides in comprehending this malady and the emergence of novel antiviral agents prompt the imperative re-evaluation of treatment standards to extend the sphere of potential beneficiaries. An impending need arises for a novel paradigm for the classification of patients with CHB, the expansion of antiviral treatment eligibility for HBV-infected individuals, and even the streamlining of the diagnostic process for CHB to amplify cost-effectiveness and augment survival prospects.
ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCES OF EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISMS OF AGROCLUSTERS
Authors:   Independent Researcher (Doctor Of Science), Associate Professor, Uzbekistan, Ochilov Ilhom Sayitkulovich
Published: January 2024

In this article, suggestions and recommendations have been developed regarding the foreign experiences of the effectiveness of the organizational and economic mechanisms of agriculture, including the analysis of the effectiveness of clusters in the countries of the USA, Japan, South Korea, and the European Union, as well as the evaluation of the effectiveness of agricultures.
El régimen jurídico de mujeres en lactancia en detención provisional o cumplimiento de una sentencia condenatoria
Authors: Villalobos Khumar
Published: January 2024

Este proyecto de investigación se centra en el estudio denominado “El régimen jurídico de mujeres en lactancia en detención provisional o en cumplimiento de una sentencia condenatoria” en dicha investigación se pretende describir y conocer su normativa jurídica en que esta es fundamentada. Dentro de esta  investigación haremos un breve análisis sobre las distintas normativas jurídicas en que se basa el sistema penitenciario panameño, los derechos y garantías que consagran la Constitución Política de Panamá, decretos, los tratados y convenios internacionales de derechos humanos, código procesal penal y el código penal de Panamá en cuanto al ejercicio de la maternidad y lactancia en mujeres privadas de libertad que están en detención provisional o cumpliendo una sentencia condenatoria. Estos instrumentos jurídicos establecen la protección de todos los derechos inherente de toda persona que guardan relación con el derecho a la vida, salud, alimentación, el derecho al ejercicio de la maternidad y lactancia dentro de los centros penales y las condiciones deben garantizarse a las madres y los menores dentro del centros penitenciarios.
El papel de la familia en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de la institución educativa “El Siglo” del municipio de Ciénaga de Oro
Authors: Domínguez Pérez Yaneth del Socorro , Quintero Aleans Berenice del Carmen , Hernández Hernández Darwin Yesid
Published: January 2024

La investigación se desarrolla con la finalidad de analizar el papel de la familia en el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes de grado tercero de Educación Básica Primaria de la IE el Siglo del municipio de Ciénaga de Oro.  El anterior propósito permitió la configuración de las categorías de análisis: Familia proceso de aprendizaje, Familia proceso de enseñanza, Acompañamiento de los padres de familia a sus hijos e Interacción padres de familia-docentes, se abordan desde los postulados de Vidal (2001); Minuchin (1982); Sánchez (1994). De igual forma, se presentan argumentos asociados a la relación familia-escuela, la misma desde los aportes de Gubbins y Berger (2002); Riviera y Milicic (2006), entre otros. Metodológicamente, la investigación se ubicó en el paradigma de investigación cualitativo con un tipo de estudio fenomenológico, que, desde la aplicación de una entrevista estructurada y un grupo focal, como técnicas de recolección de información se pudo captar el discurso de los padres de familia, con relación a lo que ellos consideran es el acompañamiento que deben brindar a sus hijos en el proceso de aprendizaje. Los resultados dan cuenta de una caracterización positiva de las categorías mencionadas, esto es, los padres de familia reconocen que si brindan acompañamiento a sus hijos y que este influye en el proceso formativo continuado en la institución educativa.
Preliminares e índice
Authors: Nieto Arturo
Published: January 2024

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La transformación curricular: Un paradigma emergente como aporte a la educación holística
Authors: Cardozo Cruz Jonatan Julian , Mejia Guarin Sandra Milena , Alvarez Giraldo Neidy Bibiana
Published: January 2024

Esta publicación científica pretende exponer algunas de las tendencias curriculares contemporáneas que están directamente relacionadas con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los estudiantes, las prácticas pedagógicas docentes, la calidad educativa, las habilidades que desarrollan los educandos inmersos en diferentes contextos socio-culturales y educativos.

En consideración a lo anterior, no solo se presenta la relevancia que tiene en la actualidad el currículo frente a la mitigación de la brecha entre la escuela y la sociedad, sino también la interacción e interrelación que debe existir entre la teoría y práctica del mismo; a su vez, se resalta la importancia y flexibilidad del currículo para la formación de seres humanos integrales dentro de las instituciones educativas, teniendo en cuenta el contexto real y por ende su incidencia en los procesos de transformación social, de donde se reconfigura como un paradigma emergente que incide de manera pertinente en la educación holística.

La metodología desarrollada, en la cual se argumentó esta propuesta, se enfoca en la investigación cualitativa, la técnica para el rastreo e identificación de la información empleada fue la revisión documental, en donde de manera complementaria se recurre a la hermenéutica como medio para entender, aclarar y repensar acerca de la información recopilada de los diferentes antecedentes bibliográficos analizados.

La principal deducción a la que se llego es que, en la época actual la educación enfrenta múltiples retos en un mundo en constante evolución en donde la modificación y mejoramiento continuo del currículo, la renovación de las prácticas pedagógicas, el desarrollo de habilidades sociales, personales, profesionales e interdisciplinares en el estudiante promoverán una transformación en la manera holística de ver el mundo e interactuar con él; en consideración a esta realidad educativa es imprescindible reflexionar desde múltiples puntos de vista los fenómenos que emergen del acto educativo, el cual pretenderá dar respuesta a las necesidades que demande el contexto socio-cultural en el que habiten los actores que intervienen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en relación al currículo y como aporte a la educación holística.
La pérdida de aprendizajes en estudiantes de educación básica en tiempos de pandemia: Una secuela académica durante el retorno a la presencialidad
Authors: Contreras Roa Jorge Alexander , Vera Villamizar Jairo Alberto , Villamizar Cote Clara Noelia
Published: January 2024

En este ensayo se hace una reflexión sobre la pérdida de aprendizajes en estudiantes de educación básica como consecuencia del proceso de educación en casa implementado debido a la pandemia de COVID-19. El propósito es indagar sobre la manera en la cual se ha evidenciado la pérdida de aprendizajes en los estudiantes en tiempos de post pandemia, los factores que han influido y las posibles estrategias a implementar para superar dicha problemática. Como fruto de la reflexión se encuentra que existen factores metodológicos, didácticos, pedagógicos, económicos y socioemocionales que incidieron en la pérdida de aprendizajes. Adicionalmente, se proponen estrategias que abarcan procesos de nivelación académica para los estudiantes, apoyo socioemocional y formaciones docentes centradas en uso de las nuevas tecnologías y mejoramiento de su práctica pedagógica.
Estándares y criterios de calidad presentes en aplicaciones educativas para la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras
Authors: Briceño Nuñez Chess Emmanuel
Published: January 2024

La investigación que se presentó tuvo como propósito revisar los estándares y criterios presentes en una aplicación educativa para la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras. La metodología siguió un enfoque mixto en el que se obtuvieron insumos mediante la aplicación de una lista de verificación a la aplicación educativa Duolingo, para ello se seleccionó una muestra de 25 docentes de inglés, italiano y francés como lengua extranjera. Los participantes laboraban activamente en dos instituciones educativas particulares del cantón Guayaquil, en Guayas Ecuador. Los resultados demostraron de manera contundente que la aplicación resulta efectiva en la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras debido a que cumple plenamente con los estándares y criterios de usabilidad, adecuación al contenido, metodologías activas y satisfacción, requeridos por las Normas ISO, para que una aplicación educativa se considerada de calidad.
Los juegos infantiles como estrategia lúdica para mejorar la inclusión: en contra de la exclusión educativa
Authors: Aguirre Quintero Johanna Paulina
Published: January 2024

Los agentes principales de toda institución educativa son los estudiantes, en tanto, su comportamiento dentro o fuera del aula son motivo de análisis y debate, pues, con estos reflejan su personalidad, convivencia, socialización e integración con otros; así, a través de la implementación de juegos infantiles como estrategias lúdicas, se pretende mejorar, no solo la convivencia, sino también, la inclusión y la participación activa de los estudiantes; para ello, en la presente se diseñaron estrategias basadas en la epistemología critico - social, mediante una investigación acción bajo un enfoque cualitativo de tipo descriptivo, con técnicas cuantitativas que incluyeron: 2 encuestas con 10 preguntas para docentes y padres de familia, y 1 ficha de observación con 10 ítem a observar en los estudiantes, todo, a través de una estructura metodológica en donde la investigadora tuvo una relación directa con la población investigada, en su contexto, propendiendo por la transformación de las conductas de la comunidad. Resultado de lo anterior, entre otras cosas, se diseñaron jornadas lúdicas para el fortalecimiento de la convivencia y con ello, el desarrollo emocional de los estudiantes; así mismo, capacitaciones para todos los padres de familia, sobre como reconocer comportamientos que indiquen conductas de exclusión.
Desafíos de la investigación en el siglo XXI
Authors: Guzmán Nariño Víctor Fernando , Rivera Arrieta Elisa Eugenia , Santos Hernández Vanesa
Published: January 2024

La investigación es un proceso que abarca muchas variables y constituye un pilar fundamental para la educación y el progreso, ya que promueve el desarrollo humano desde todas sus dimensiones, desarrollando numerosas competencias y habilidades. La investigación en el siglo XXI afronta muchos desafíos, pero sin duda, uno de los más relevantes es lograr que los individuos se interesen y sean actores de un proceso de investigación continuo, en donde sea posible la articulación de diferentes escenarios estrechamente relacionados con el desarrollo humano como son; la escuela, la universidad, el estado y la sociedad. Sin duda alguna, existe una amplia diferencia entre la cultura investigativa de las grandes potencias mundiales y la región de América latina y el Caribe; partiendo de esta realidad, el presente ensayo intenta hacer un análisis de algunas de las causas claramente identificadas, principalmente en Colombia, por investigadores, entidades estatales, y desde la práctica pedagógica personal de sus autores y; plantea algunas de las necesidades y oportunidades que se vislumbran desde el establecimiento de políticas públicas, la asignación de un presupuesto ajustado a las necesidades y sus garantías de cumplimiento.
Presentación de la edición
Authors: De Las Salas Magdy
Published: January 2024

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A Study on the Place of Supply of Service in the Value Added Tax Act and Taxing right : Focused on the Supreme Court Decision 2018Du39621 dated July 29, 2022
Authors:   KOREAN SOCIETY OF TAX LAW, Lee Hyunhee , Kwon Hyungki
Published: January 2024

The value-added tax (VAT) of each country has been levied according to the policies of each individual country based on tax neutrality to protect the competitiveness of domestic industries, under the two principles of destination principle and origin principle without adjustment through separate tax treaties between countries. As these two principles suggest, in order to apply these principles, consumption and production of taxable services must be clearly distinguished in terms of their behavior and place. However, with the changes in the industrial environment, IT-enabled services have emerged, making it difficult to distinguish between the production (provision) and consumption (use) of services, and it is sometimes difficult to specify the production (provision) and consumption (use) places.
In the supreme court decision 2018du39621 dated July 29, 2022(hereinafter “the Decision”), the Supreme Court judged the place of supply of service based on the place where the important and essential part of the service was performed, not on the VAT tax principle or the VAT Act, for IT-enabled services supplied across borders. However, it was found that this judgment was problematic and began this study.
In this paper, it was reviewed the taxing right and the place of supply of service under the VAT Act from an academic and legal perspective, analyzed the precedents in which the controversy over the place of supply of service was an issue, and confirmed that the Supreme Court's position has generally been to judge the place of supply of service as the place where it is consumed. It was also suggested that the Korean VAT Act be amended in the direction of specifying the general principle of the place of supply of services in the law text, and establishing exceptions for each type of service in subordinate legislation, as in the VAT Acts of Germany, the United Kingdom, and the Consumption Tax Act of Japan.
This study will be an opportunity to establish new criteria for the place of supply by considering the characteristics of IT-enabled services, and that it will be helpful for the future improvement of the VAT Act.
Developing Dual Language Skills and Intercultural Communication Strategies in a Bilingual Learning Environment: Investigating a Project Based Learning Programme
Authors: Probert Gareth John
Published: January 2024

This study investigated a project-based learning approach and explored developing bilingual language skills and enhanced intercultural communication within an existing Bilingual Learning Community. The study mainly looked at the increased importance of bilingualism and intercultural understanding needed to be successful in a global society. It investigated the effectiveness of using Project-based learning to promote these essential skills and competencies. The research used a mixed methods approach that integrated qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods. The study took place in an international school setting in China within a bilingual learning community using English and Chinese, project-based learning, and STEM activities to enhance language proficiency and intercultural understanding. The qualitative component of the study involved interviews with various teachers involved in the Bilingual Learning Community study, and the specific students in the classes were analysed regarding their understanding of intercultural communication. Questionnaires gathered information about the teacher’s and student’s knowledge of the concepts. Observations and comprehensive notes were utilised, and natural interactions with students were encouraged so they could be observed under normal circumstances. The quantitative phase employed pre-and post-tests to measure the students’ language proficiency and focused explicitly on developing cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) skills. These tests also measured the student’s intercultural learning and competencies. The data collected was analysed using statistical methods. These statistical methods determined the effectiveness of Project-based Learning as a pedagogy to promote bilingual language acquisition and develop intercultural understanding and communication. The findings of this study contributed to the existing body of knowledge on bilingual learning communities, intercultural understanding, and Project-based learning. The study also significantly contributed to the theoretical scientific knowledge by creating a detailed framework with descriptors that related to bilingual language development for students and intercultural communication competence that other scholars could develop further. It was also expected to contribute significantly to applied scientific knowledge. It provided practical information about the students' language skills, communicative behaviours, and difficulties when dealing with problems and will be helpful for teachers in China and abroad.
Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors:   Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, Jalil Mays B. , Mohammed Ali Mariem N. ,   Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, Jihad Ibrahim A. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Al-Zahraa College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq, Alabadi Hadi I. ,   Basrah Health Directorate, Basrah, Iraq
Published: January 2024

Introduction. An estimated one-third of people worldwide are thought to be affected by toxoplasmosis, a common tropical disease with a wide geographic spread. The most common form of DM, namely type 2 diabetes arises from a combination of insulin resistance and inadequate compensatory insulin secretion. Methods. A case-control study was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023 from type 2 diabetic patients who attended outpatient clinics. Overall 96 patients who diabetes patients were screened for T. gondii seroprevalence. Results. By the ELISA method, the IgG antibodies in those were 90.63% and compared with a control group which the positive for T. gondii IgG antibodies 28%. The seropositivity of T. gondii IgG revealed that the patients living in urban areas were slightly higher than those in rural areas 58.3%, and 32.3%. The results showed that diabetic patients >60 years old had the highest rate of seropositive T. gondii infections (40.23%), while those ≤30 years old had the lowest rate (4.60%) with the mean of T2DM patients is 7.15 ± 1.94. Conclusion The current study revealed a high prevalence of T. gondii IgG among T2DM patients. The rate of seropositivity for T. gondii among patients living in the urban areas was slightly higher than in those in rural areas. The objective of the research was to ascertain whether T. gondii seropositivity and type 2 diabetes might be related.
Narrative Policy Analysis: Utilization of Dimethyl Ether as an LPG Mixed Fuel (Case Study in Indonesia)
Authors: Suraputra Reza , Nugroho Bernardus Yuliarto
Published: January 2024

Dimethyl Ether (DME) utilization as an LPG fuel mix policy has become a polemic among several groups. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of narrative constructed by Government, analyze the counter narrative, and formulate a strategy to strengthen the Government narrative regarding the use of DME as an LPG mixed fuel. This research uses the Narrative Policy Analysis (NPA) method. The counter narrative is compared with Government narrative to obtain a meta narrative. The level of analysis in this research is meso. The conclusions from this research are: 1) Indonesia Government continues to use DME as a mixed fuel for LPG; 2) The obstacles of policy narrative constructed by the Indonesia Government are differences viewpoints regarding the availability and use of coal as raw material for DME and differences in belief system regarding greenhouse gas emissions. The recommended strategy to strengthen the Government’s policy narrative are: 1) Comprehensive discussion by involving groups that oppose the narrative, 2) present the result of the feasibility study on greenhouse gas emmision resulting fro DME production process from coal which has been carried out by the Government by providing socialization regarding tax policy carbon as well as technical implementation of carbon economic value and controlling greenhouse gas emmision.
Roberto Torretti y Tucídides: ecos de una profunda cultura histórica
Authors: Corti Paola
Published: January 2024

A la luz del análisis de dos traducciones de pasajes de la obra de Tucídides publicadas por Roberto Torretti, este texto aborda la especial relación y profundo conocimiento de obras clásicas, tanto de carácter histórico como poético, que el autor destila en dichos escritos. A pesar de tratarse de libros no muy extensos, ellos son suficientes para aproximarse a la profunda cultura histórica de este filósofo chileno.
Growth in small cities: the case of Aragon (Spain)
Authors: González-Val Rafael , Marcén Miriam
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we analyse the eﬀects of productive specialisation and diversity on population growth at the local level in Aragon, a NUTS 2 region in Spain. is region is characterised by a highly uneven population distribution, with numerous small cities, and a large proportion of small businesses. We estimate panel data models considering data from 2000 to 2015 at the local level, encompassing 577 municipalities. Our results show that both localisation and urbanisation have a statistically signiﬁcant positive eﬀect on growth in Aragonese municipalities but only in cities with a population threshold of 3,000 or more inhabitants.
Spin Dynamics of Planets in Resonant Chains
Authors: Millholland Sarah C. , Lara Teo , Toomlaid Jan
Published: January 2024

About a dozen exoplanetary systems have been discovered with three or more planets participating in a sequence of mean-motion resonances. The unique and complex architectures of these so-called “resonant chains” motivate efforts to characterize their planets holistically. In this work, we perform a comprehensive exploration of the spin-axis dynamics of planets in resonant chains. Planetary spin states are closely linked with atmospheric dynamics and habitability and are thus especially relevant to resonant chains like TRAPPIST-1, which hosts several temperate planets. Considering a set of observed resonant chains, we calculate the equilibrium states of the planetary axial tilts (“obliquities”). We show that high-obliquity states exist for ∼60% of planets in our sample, and many of these states can be stable in the presence of tidal dissipation. Using case studies of two observed systems (Kepler-223 and TOI-1136), we demonstrate how these high-obliquity states could have been attained during the initial epoch of disk-driven orbital migration that established the resonant orbital architectures. We show that the TRAPPIST-1 planets most likely have zero obliquities, with the possible exception of planet d. Overall, our results highlight that both the orbital and spin states of resonant chains are valuable relics of the early stages of planet formation and evolution.
The Common Envelope Evolution Outcome. II. Short-orbital-period Hot Subdwarf B Binaries Reveal a Clear Picture
Authors: Ge Hongwei , Tout Christopher A , Webbink Ronald F , Chen Xuefei , Sarkar Arnab , Li Jiao , Li Zhenwei , Zhang Lifu , Han Zhanwen
Published: January 2024

Common envelope evolution (CEE) is vital for forming short-orbital-period compact binaries. It covers many objects, such as double compact merging binaries, Type Ia supernovae progenitors, binary pulsars, and X-ray binaries. Knowledge of the common envelope (CE) ejection efficiency still needs to be improved, though progress has been made recently. Short-orbital-period hot subdwarf B star (sdB) plus white dwarf (WD) binaries are the most straightforward samples with which to constrain CEE physics. We apply the known orbital period–WD mass relation to constrain the sdB progenitors of seven sdB+WD binaries with a known inclination angle. The average CE efficiency parameter is 0.32. This is consistent with previous studies. However, the CE efficiency need not be constant, but a function of the initial mass ratio, based on well-constrained sdB progenitor mass and evolutionary stage. Our results can be used as physical inputs for binary population synthesis simulations of related objects. A similar method can also be applied to study other short-orbital-period WD binaries.
Asteroseismic Inversions for Internal Sound Speed Profiles of Main-sequence Stars with Radiative Cores
Authors: Buchele Lynn , Bellinger Earl P. , Hekker Saskia , Basu Sarbani , Ball Warrick , Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen
Published: January 2024

The theoretical oscillation frequencies of even the best asteroseismic models of solar-like oscillators show significant differences from observed oscillation frequencies. Structure inversions seek to use these frequency differences to infer the underlying differences in stellar structure. While used extensively to study the Sun, structure inversion results for other stars have so far been limited. Applying sound speed inversions to more stars allows us to probe stellar theory over a larger range of conditions, as well as look for overall patterns that may hint at deficits in our current understanding. To that end, we present structure inversion results for 12 main-sequence solar-type stars with masses between 1 and 1.15 M
⊙. Our inversions are able to infer differences in the isothermal sound speed in the innermost 30% by radius of our target stars. In half of our target stars, the structure of our best-fit model fully agrees with the observations. In the remainder, the inversions reveal significant differences between the sound speed profile of the star and that of the model. We find five stars where the sound speed in the core of our stellar models is too low and one star showing the opposite behavior. For the two stars in which our inversions reveal the most significant differences, we examine whether changing the microphysics of our models improves them and find that changes to nuclear reaction rates or core opacities can reduce, but do not fully resolve, the differences.
Fluid Mixing during Phase Separation in Crystallizing White Dwarfs
Authors: Montgomery M. H. , Dunlap Bart H.
Published: January 2024

Accurate models of cooling white dwarfs must treat the energy released as their cores crystallize. This phase transition slows the cooling by releasing latent heat and also gravitational energy, which results from phase separation: liquid C is released from the solid C/O core, driving an outward carbon flux. The Gaia color–magnitude diagram provides striking confirmation of this theory by revealing a mass-dependent overdensity of white dwarfs, indicating slowed cooling at the expected location. However, the observed overdensity is enhanced relative to the models. Additionally, it is associated with increased magnetism, suggesting a link between crystallization and magnetic field generation. Recent works aimed at explaining an enhanced cooling delay and magnetic field generation employ a uniform mixing prescription that assumes large-scale turbulent motions; we show here that these calculations are not self-consistent. We also show that thermohaline mixing is most likely efficient enough to provide the required chemical redistribution during C/O phase separation, and that the resulting velocities and mixing lengths are much smaller than previous estimates. These reduced fluid motions cannot generate measurable magnetic fields, suggesting any link with crystallization needs to invoke a separate mechanism. Finally, this mixing alters the chemical profiles, which in turn affects the frequencies of the pulsation modes.
The Long-term Spin-down Trend of Ultraluminous X-Ray Pulsar M82 X-2
Authors: Liu Jiren
Published: January 2024

The discovery in 2014 of the pulsation from the ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) M82 X-2 has changed our view of ULXs. Because of the relatively short baseline over which pulsations have been detected so far, M82 X-2's spin state had been assumed to be in an equilibrium state. Using Chandra and XMM-Newton archive data, we are able to investigate the pulsation of M82 X-2 back to 2005 and 2001. The newly determined spin frequencies clearly show a long-term spin-down trend. If this trend is caused by magnetic threading, we infer a dipolar magnetic field of ∼1.2 × 1013 G and that a mild beaming factor (∼4) is needed to match the braking torque with the mass accretion torque. On the other hand, there are NuSTAR observations showing instantaneous spin-down behaviors, which might favor a variable prograde/retrograde flow scenario for M82 X-2.
Pilsbrylia, a dextral-shelled door snail from South America (Gastropoda, Clausiliidae)
Authors: Salvador Rodrigo B. , Breure Abraham S. H.
Published: January 2024

The land snail genusPilsbryliaHylton Scott, 1952 has been recently shown to not belong to the superfamily to which it was originally assigned (i.e., the Orthalicoidea), instead pointing out a relationship with the Clausilioidea. In this study, we included the type species of the genus in a multi-marker molecular phylogenetic framework to reassess its family-level classification. Our results show thatPilsbryliabelongs to family Clausiliidae (known as ‘door snails’) and more specifically, to subfamily Peruiniinae. This family is unique among stylommatophorans for consisting almost exclusively of animals with sinistral (left-handed) shells, whilstPilsbryliahas a “typical” dextral shell.
Toeplitz operators on two poly-Bergman-type spaces of the Siegel domain $ D_2 \subset \mathbb{C}^2 $ with continuous nilpotent symbols
Authors: Hernández-Eliseo Yessica , Ramírez-Ortega Josué , Hernández-Zamora Francisco G.
Published: January 2024

We studied Toeplitz operators acting on certain poly-Bergman-type spaces of the Siegel domain $ D_{2} \subset \mathbb{C}^{2} $. Using continuous nilpotent symbols, we described the $ C^* $-algebras generated by such Toeplitz operators. Bounded measurable functions of the form $ \tilde{c}(\zeta) = c(\text{Im}\, \zeta_{1}, \text{Im}\, \zeta_{2} - |\zeta_1|^{2}) $ are called nilpotent symbols. In this work, we considered symbols of the form $ \tilde{a}(\zeta) = a(\text{Im}\, \zeta_1) $ and $ \tilde{b}(\zeta) = b(\text{Im}\, \zeta_2 -|\zeta_1|^{2}) $, where both limits $ \lim\limits_{s\rightarrow 0^+} b(s) $ and $ \lim\limits_{s\rightarrow +\infty} b(s) $ exist, and $ a $ belongs to the set of piece-wise continuous functions on $ \overline{\mathbb{R}} = [-\infty, +\infty] $ and with one-sided limits at $ 0 $. We described certain $ C^* $-algebras generated by such Toeplitz operators that turned out to be isomorphic to subalgebras of $ M_n(\mathbb{C}) \otimes C(\overline{\Pi}) $, where $ \overline{\Pi} = \overline{ \mathbb{R}} \times \overline{ \mathbb{R}}_+ $ and $ \overline{\mathbb{R}}_+ = [0, +\infty] $.
Bald eagle search algorithm for solving a three-dimensional path planning problem
Authors: Zhang Yunhui , Zhou Yongquan , Chen Shuangxi , Xiao Wenhong , Wu Mingyu
Published: January 2024

Three-dimensional path planning refers to determining an optimal path in a three-dimensional space with obstacles, so that the path is as close to the target location as possible, while meeting some other constraints, including distance, altitude, threat area, flight time, energy consumption, and so on. Although the bald eagle search algorithm has the characteristics of simplicity, few control parameters, and strong global search capabilities, it has not yet been applied to complex three-dimensional path planning problems. In order to broaden the application scenarios and scope of the algorithm and solve the path planning problem in three-dimensional space, we present a study where five three-dimensional geographical environments are simulated to represent real-life unmanned aerial vehicles flying scenarios. These maps effectively test the algorithm's ability to handle various terrains, including extreme environments. The experimental results have verified the excellent performance of the BES algorithm, which can quickly, stably, and effectively solve complex three-dimensional path planning problems, making it highly competitive in this field.
Entre casticismo y europeísmo: algunas lecturas del Quijote en la Edad de Plata desde el ensayo (1905-1931)
Authors: Fernández Gallardo Luis
Published: January 2024

Selección de ensayos cervantinos entre el centenario y la Guerra Civil, período correspondiente a la Edad de Plata (1898-1936), en que la interpretación del Quijote se enriqueció notablemente. Unamuno aplicó los principios de la exégesis bíblica al Quijote para revelar su sensus mysticus, lejos del positivismo. Azorín revive el Quijote, en la contemplación del paisaje y en la escritura. Maeztu establece como marco interpretativo la decadencia nacional, comienzos de la identidad nacional-católica. La interpretación de la Generación del 14 refleja su europeísmo. Ortega integra su lectura del Quijote en la formulación de su filosofía. Madariaga ofrece una “guía” con un perspicaz análisis psicológico. Azaña une al enfoque biográfico-histórico una dimensión estética, una reflexión sobre la naturaleza de la creación literaria. Los grandes filólogos, Menéndez Pidal y Américo Castro, desde la práctica más rigurosa de la “Quellenforschung”, ilustraron la génesis del protagonista y la incardinación de Cervantes en su contexto del Renacimiento europeo.