bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gerybinių stemplės anastomozės striktūrų gydymas
Authors: Stratilovas Eugenijus , Sangaila Egidijus
Published: January 2019

Eugenijus Stratilovas,  Egidijus SangailaVilniaus universiteto Onkologijos instituto Bendrosios ir abdominalinės chirurgijosir onkologijos skyrius, Santariškių g. 1, LT-08660 VilniusEl paštas: eugenijus.stratilatovas@loc.lt
Įvadas
Viena iš dažniausiai pasitaikančių vėlyvųjų komplikacijų po stemplės rezekcinio pobūdžio operacijų yra gerybinė anastomozės striktūra. Dėl striktūros išsivysčiusi disfagija ilgam pablogina ligonio gyvenimo kokybę. Pagrindiniai šios komplikacijos gydymo metodai išlieka dažnos endoskopijos, dilatacijos bužais sukėlus nejautrą. Autoriai siūlo taikyti gana paprastą šių striktūrų gydymo metodą – dilataciją Folley kateteriu.
Rezultatai
Šiuo būdu gydyti keturi pacientai. Visi procedūrą pakėlė gerai, gydymo komplikacijų nebuvo. Po dviejų procedūrų rijimas tapo normalus, toliau procedūros tęstos ambulatoriškai, praėjus 3 mėn. rijimas išliko normalus.
Išvada
Anastomozės striktūros dilatacija Folley kateteriu yra saugus, veiksmingas ir pigus metodas.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: stemplės vėžys, anastomozės striktūra, dilatacija
The treatment of the benign esophagus anastomosis strictures
Eugenijus Stratilovas,  Egidijus SangailaVilnius University, Institute of Oncology, Department of Generaland Abdominal Surgery and Oncology, Santariškių str. 1, LT-08660 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: eugenijus.stratilatovas@loc.lt
Background
One of the most frequent late complications after the resectable type of esophageal surgery is benign anastomosis stricture. The subsequent dysphagia worsens the patients’ quality of life for a long time. The main treatment modalities for this complication remain frequent endoscopy, dilatation using weighted bougies under anesthesia. Authors recommend use a simple mode of treatment – dilatation with the Folley catheter.
Results
Four patients underwent the treatment. All patients felt well, there were no treatment complications. Swallowing after two procedures became normal, the treatment was continued in outpatient clinic; after three months the swallowing was good.
Conclusions
Dilatation of a stricture with the Folley catheter is a safe and cost-effective method.
Key words: esophageal cancer, anastomosis benign stenosis, dilatation
Galvos smegenų arterioveninės malformacijos
Authors: Bičkutė Irena , Avižonis Mindaugas
Published: January 2019

Irena Bičkutė1, Mindaugas Avižonis21 Švenčionių rajono ligoninė, Partizanų g. 4, LT-18126 Švenčionys2 Mykolo Marcinkevičiaus ligoninė, Kauno g. 7/2, LT-03215 VilniusEl paštas: ibickute@gmail.com
Galvos smegenų arterioveninė malformacija (AVM) – įgimta smegenų patologija, kuriai būdingos patologinės arterijų ir venų jungtys, kuriomis arterinis kraujas patenka į smegenų venas, aplenkdamas normalų kapiliarų tinklą. Ši patologija reta, tačiau sukelia daug anatominių ir fiziologinių pokyčių, kelia pavojų gyvybei. Straipsnyje trumpai aprašoma AVM paplitimas, kilmė, patologija, klinika, diagnostika ir gydymas.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: galvos smegenų arterioveninė malformacija, etiologija, epidemiologija, klinika, diagnostika, gydymas.
Arteriovenous malformations of the brain
Irena Bičkutė1, Mindaugas Avižonis21 The Švenčioniai Regional Hospital, Partizanų g. 4, LT-18126 Švenčionys, Lithuania2 The Mykolas Marcinkevičius Hospital, Kauno str. 7/2, LT-03215 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: ibickute@gmail.com
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the brain is a congenital vascular disease and has three morphologic components: the dysplastic vascular nidus, the feeding arteries, and the draining veins. The underlying lesion appears to represent a perpetuation of primitive arteriovenous communications which normally should be replaced by an intervening capillary network. AVM is potentially life-threatening and causes many anatomical and physiological changes. This article contains a description of epidemiology, etiology, pathology, clinic, diagnostics and treatment of brain AVM.
Key words: arteriovenous malformation of the brain, etiology, epidemiology, clinic, diagnostics, treatment
Diafragminių išvaržų diagnostikos ypatybės
Authors: Bičkutė Irena , Avižonis Mindaugas
Published: January 2019

Irena Bičkutė1, Mindaugas Avižonis21Švenčionių rajono ligoninė,Partizanų g. 4, LT-18126 Švenčionys2Mykolo Marcinkevičiaus ligoninė,Kauno g. 7/2, LT-03215 VilniusEl paštas: ibickute@gmail.com
Nepaisant diagnostikos ir chirurgijos pažangos, kartais sunku diagnozuoti diafragminę išvaržą, pasitaiko ir mirties atvejų. Pateikiame klinikinį atvejį, kai stemplės žiočių išvarža buvo diagnozuota tik atlikus kompiuterinę tomografiją su peroraliniu kontrastavimu. Aptariame kitų autorių aprašytas klinikines situacijas.
Specific features of diaphragmatic hernia diagnostics
Irena Bičkutė1, Mindaugas Avižonis2Vilnius University, General Surgery Center of Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology and Surgery, Vilnius University Emergency Hospital,Šiltnamių str. 29, LT-04130 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: ibickute@gmail.com
Despite the progres in medical and surgical care, sometimes it is difficult to diagnose diaphragmatic hernia, even death is possible. We present a clinical case when visualisation with computed tomography with per os contrasting helped to diagnose hiatal diaphragmatic hernia. Discussed are also the clinical situations presented by other authors.
Įstrigusi obturatorinė išvarža 49-erių metų moteriai: atvejo aprašymas ir literatūros apžvalga
Authors: Markevičius Marius , Lunevičius Raimundas , Markovas Vitalijus , Stanaitis Juozas
Published: January 2019

Marius Markevičius, Raimundas Lunevičius, Vitalijus Markovas, Juozas Stanaitis
Vilnius University, Center of General Surgery, Vilnius University Emergency Hospital,Šiltnamių str. 29, LT-04139 Vilnius, LithuaniaEl. paštas: marijuss@gmail.com
Incarcerated obturator hernia in 49 year old women: a case report and review of the literature
Marius Markevičius, Raimundas Lunevičius, Vitalijus Markovas, Juozas Stanaitis
Vilnius University, Center of General Surgery, Vilnius University Emergency Hospital,Šiltnamių str. 29, LT-04139 Vilnius, LithuaniaE-mail: marijuss@gmail.com
Introduction Incarcerated obturator hernia is a rare cause of bowel obstruction. This case report aimed to review the diagnosis and management of obturator hernia by describing the anatomy, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and predisposing factors.
Case presentation A 49-year-old woman presented to emergency department with progressive spastic abdominal pain, vomiting, abdomen enlargement, and tenesmus. One month before this episode she was diagnosed a carcinoma of the cervix uteri which was defined as T1b N1 M0 G2. She has undergone a curative R0 type surgery and adjuvant chemoradiation. There were no pelvic abnormalities described in the operative protocol. She lost 20 kg in two years. Because of ineffective conservative treatment, progression of acute bowel obstruction and signs of local peritonitis, she underwent an urgent curative laparotomy. It was confirmed that a loop of ileum was incarcerated and irreducible in the canal of right side of pelvis that suited to obturatoric foramen.
Conclusion Rarity of such a condition makes great difficulties in diagnosing it. CT is needed to recognize obturator hernia in early stages before its incarceration. Significant lost weight (> 20 kg), and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy were most possible predisposing risk factors for right obturator hernia in 49 years old female.
Keywords: obturator hernia, strangulated hernia, risk factors, laparoscopy, laparotomy.
Nacionalinių sutarimo pagrindu priimtų nevarikozinio kraujavimo iš viršutinės virškinimo trakto dalies gydymo rekomendacijų komentaras
Authors: Pundzius Juozas , Lunevičius Raimundas
Published: January 2019

Juozas Pundzius1, Raimundas Lunevičius2
1 Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ligoninė Kauno klinikos, Chirurgijos klinika, Eivenių g. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lietuva2 Vilniaus universiteto Medicinos fakulteto Gastroenterologijos, nefrourologijos ir chirurgijos klinika, Londono universiteto King’s College ligoninė, Akademinis sveikatos mokslų centras, kepenų, inkstų ir bendrosios chirurgijos skyrius, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UKEl. paštas: juozas.pundzius@kmuk.lt, raimundas.lunevicius@nhs.net
Lietuviškasis rekomendacijų variantas galėtų būti skirtos gastroenterologams, bendrosios praktikos gydytojams, internistams ir endoskopuotojams, o ne visiems medikams, iš jų chirurgams ir radiologams, gydantiems pacientus dėl nevarikozinio kraujavimo iš viršutinės virškinimo trakto dalies. Geriausiu atveju jis gali būti skelbiamas kaip bazinis projektas, kviečiant kitus kolegas gerokai jas patobulinti atsižvelgus į tai, kas yra padaryta ir kas yra žinoma. Dviejų pirminių šaltinių rekomendacijos būtų puiki medžiaga startui.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: ūminis nevarikozinis kraujavimas, gydymas, rekomendacijos.
Commentary on national consensus recommendations on the management of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Juozas Pundzius1, Raimundas Lunevičius2
1Clinic of Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kauno Klinikos, 2 Eivenių Str., LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania2Clinic of Gastroenterology, Nephrourology, and Surgery, Vilnius University, Lithuania, and Major Trauma Liver, Renal & Surgery Department, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King’s Health Partners Academic Health Sciences Centre, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UKE-mail: juozas.pundzius@kmuk.lt, raimundas.lunevicius@nhs.net
Lithuanian version of recommendations on the management of patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding based on the International Consensus Recommendations. It was designed for gastroenterologists, general practitioners, internists, and endoscopists. Surgical and radiological management, when it is needed, was not taken into account. National version of the recommendations can be announced as a basic project for further development of new recommendations. Two primary references would be an excellent stand for a new start.
Keywords: acute nonvariceal bleeding, management, recommendations.
Имя Великого Князя Литовского Витовта в названиях Северного Причерноморья XVI–XVIII веков
Authors: Белецкая Ольга
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in Russian; abstract in English]

This research deals with the study of the toponyms of the Northern Black Sea Region, in which the name of Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, is fixed. The data of written (documentary, narrative, cartographic) and archaeological sources are considered concerning nine objects: The Bathhouse of Vytautas (1, 2, 3), the Wade of Vytautas, the Bridge of Vytautas, the Hillfort of Vytautas, Vytautas’s Tower, Vitovka and Lake Vidovo. The author has come to the conclusion that all the names are mentioned in the later sources. The results of the article may be interesting to all who study the activity of Vytautas as well as to scholars dealing with the historical geography of the Northern Black Sea Region.
Bazilijonų vienuolijos ryšiai su Vilniaus universitetu
Authors: Kažuro Ina
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]

Vilnius University has been the preeminent high school of The Grand Duchy of Lithuania for several centuries, spreading its influence across different areas of public life – religion, politics, culture. This article analyzes the influence of the Vilnius Alma Mater on the development of the Order of Saint Basil the Great (which had operated between 1617–1839). To that end, three aspects, revealing the connections of the two establishments, are distinguished: Basilians as university students, Basilians as university professors, and Basilians as university partners in the field of education. The research indicates that over a hundred young Basilians were studying in Vilnius University between 1617 and 1832. The members of the Basilian Order constituted a significant group of monk students from the mid-18th to the early 19th centuries. Cooperation in administering secondary schools yielded mutual benefits for both Vilnius University, which supervised the Vilnius educational district in 1803–1832, and the Basilian Order. The Order secured maintenance and provided support for a certain part of the Vilnius educational district schools, while the University became the protector and representative of the Order’s interests in Russian governmental institutions. The employment of Basilian lecturers (professors and vice-professors) at Vilnius University indicates the public recognition of the Order.
Lenkijos–Lietuvos Respublikos veiksnys Očakovo krizės (1791) kontekste
Authors: Laurinavičius Česlovas
Published: January 2019

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
„Ни на кого надеи не маю, толко на милосердного Бога да на вашу милость“: Lietuvos kilmingųjų laiškai, adresuoti valdovo raštininkui Jonui Bogdanaičiui Sapiegai, [1507]–[1515] m.
Authors: Ryčkov Andrej
Published: January 2019

[text in Lithuanian]
In speculo. Respublikos šlėkta ir jos idealas. – Rec.: Urszula Świderska-Włodarczyk, Homo nobilis. Wzorzec szlachcica w Rzeczypospolitej XVI i XVII wieku, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, 2017
Authors: Čižauskas Karolis
Published: January 2019

[text in Lithuanian]
Holokaustas Lietuvoje iš keturių pusių (apie Stanislovo Stasiulio disertaciją „Holokausto Lietuvoje istoriografija: tradicijos ir problemos“ ir jos gynimą)
Authors: Dambrauskas Audrius
Published: January 2019

[text in Lithuanian]
Европейское и национальное в эмигрантском романе: „Жизнь Арсеньева“ И. Бунина и „Ушедшие не возвращаются“ М. Катилишкиса
Authors: Romanenkova Marina
Published: January 2019

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht das Moment des „Europäischen“ und „Nationalen“ in den Exilromanen von I. Bunin („Das Leben Arsenjews“) und M. Katiliškis („Die Weggegangenen kehren nicht zurück“). Dabei wird die Genrestruktur als eine Ausdrucksform des europäischen Romans im 20. Jahrhundert zu den irrationalen und schöpferischen Aspekten der inneren Welt des Menschen in Beziehung gesetzt. Die Kategorie der „nationalen Identität“, betrachtet als ein das Bewusstsein des Romanhelden wesentlich prägender Aspekt, eröffnet uns die Besonderheiten der intellektuellen und ästhetischen Konzeption Bunins und Katiliškis’. Dies findet seine Widerspiegelung in den Schicksalen der Protagonisten, die im Sinne der Durchdringung zweier gegensätzlicher Typen des künstlerischen Bewusstseins im 20. Jahrhundert interpretiert werden können – des dialogischen bei Bunin und des existentialistischen bei Katiliškis.
Иосиф Бродский о Тютчеве
Authors: Kostinas Jevgenijus
Published: January 2019

Šios pastabos – tai dar viena pastanga atskleisti Josifo Brodskio F. Tiutčevo kūrybos suvokimo ypatumus.
Motiejaus Kazimiero Sarbievijaus Akmens pašventinimas (Sacra Lithothesis): žanro problema
Authors: Šarkauskienė Skirmantė
Published: January 2019

The article attempts to define the genre of one of the earliest creations by Sarbievijus – Consecration of the Stone. Consecration of the Stone is a collection of poems illustrated with prints. Sarbievijus included these texts into his poetry collections, and therefore these poems are to be considered a significant part of the poet’s lyric creation. Due to formal similarity with the emblem genre (the prints correspond to icons, the inscription – to lemmas, and rhymed texts – to subscriptions), Consecration of the Stone may be analyzed as an emblematic creation.Taking into consideration the circumstances of the appearance of the creation and the peculiarities of the text itself, the author of this article tries to prove that the poems included in the collection were recited during festivities. In such case Consecration of the Stone is to be considered a dramatic creation. An important circumstance is that the creation reflects festivities that were organized by the Jesuits of Kraþiai college. Theatre and the forms common to it was the important range of the cultural programme pursueted by the Jesuits order. In addition to that, there are numerous similarities betweenConsecration of the Stone and another creation by Sarbievijus – an epithalamium Hymenodora(Wedding Gifts) – that has a number of characteristics of a dramatic creation. It includes descriptions of live pictures, and references showing that rhymed texts are speeches of characters. This is a dramatic pageant with antique mythological deities and personifications of abstract concepts expressing virtues acting as characters. Consecration of the Stone is associated with Wedding Gift through the emblematic structure (a feature typical of all theatrical activity of Jesuits), and the compositions of the reflection and the text meant for the glorification of some virtue performing the role of a character. The poems ofConsecration of the Stone feature appeals to the dedicate – the audience that sees and hears the recited texts.On the basis of the existing typology of paratheatrical works, Consecration of the Stone should be attributed to the genre of declamatory dialogue: here four personified virtues are acting, but there is no conversation between them that would serve as a means of disclosing the action.
Autorius, personažas, skaitytojas: retorinės įtaigos aspektas Ludovico Ariosto poemoje Pašėlęs Rolandas
Authors: Būrė Dainius
Published: January 2019

Le fait qu’Arioste se tienne à l’écart ou au-dessus du monde qu’il a forgé, a été plusieurs fois affirmé, en lui donnant des épithètes telles que d’observateur impassible et indifférent ou de démiurge dans l’univers de son poème ou encore d’un souverain qui règne sur le monde de sa création. De l’autre côté on sait déjà, par les études plus récentes, qu’on ne peut plus considérer le poème d’Arioste comme une évasion et qu’il ne cherche pas à éviter les actualités d’ordre historique et culturel de son époque. L’objet de cet article est d’examiner la spécificité des relations, dans le poème, entre l’auteur, le personnage et le lecteur par rapport à la signification de la persuasion rhétorique dans la culture de l’époque. On arrive à démontrer la mobilité du point de vu de l’auteur, la nécessité de balancer entre le rôle du créateur et celui du personnage pour actualiser la matière narrative du poème. Par le stratagème de lier son expérience personnelle, et humaine en général, avec le monde des personnages légendaires, l’auteur cherche à convaincre le lecteur, c’est à dire, à donner plus de vraisemblance à son oeuvre. On fait la conclusion que la poétique d’Arioste se fonde sur la rhétorique qui est à l’époque la méthode pour étudier les divers aspects de la réalité au niveau phénoménologique, en confrontant des points de vu divers. Cette perspective, bien qu’elle soit ouverte aux problèmes pratiques de la vie, ne donne pas la certitude définitive et portera plus tard à l’adoption de la poétique normative (celle d’Aristote), ce que fera Torquate Tasse en cherchant à arriver à l’idée métaphysique de l’oeuvre.
Ekspresionizmo apibrėžtys ir tyrinėjimai XX a. vokiečių literatūros kritikoje
Authors: Bajarūnienė Jadvyga
Published: January 2019

Die deutsche Literatur des 20. Jahrhunderts ist entscheidend durch den Expressionismus (1910–1925) geprägt. Seine Formierung und Entfaltung wurde von Anfang an von einer starken theoretischen Reflexion begleitet. Das wesentliche Merkmal der zeitgenössischen Manifeste und Dokumente war die Bestrebung, den Expressionismus von den anderen Richtungen und Tendenzen der Zeit abzugrenzen und die Andersartigkeit der „Ausdruckskunst“ hervorzuheben. Die Bezeichnungen des Expressionismus wurden vielfach durch die Schlagwörter „Wesen“, „Bewegung“, „Vision“, „der neue Mensch“ u. a. bestimmt. Im Jahre 1933 wurde die Rezeption des Expressionismus in Deutschland zwangsweise unterbrochen und konnte erst nach 1945 wieder einsetzen.Die Darstellungsformen des Expressionismus in der deutschen Literaturkritik richteten sich je nach der dominierenden Literaturmethode. So rückt am Ende der 50er und in den 60er Jahren unter dem Einfluss der werkimmanenten Kritik die Stil- und Formfrage in den Vordergrund. Man versucht, die stilistischen Dominanten der einzelnen Gattungen sowie des individuellen Schaffens einzelner Autoren herauszuarbeiten. Jedoch zeichnet sich auch die Tendenz ab, die Literatur des Expressionismus im Zusammenhang mit anderen Bereichen der Kunst (Malerei und Musik), derWissenschaft (Philosophie, Soziologie), der Technik zu betrachten. Die 70er Jahre gelten in der deutschen Literaturwissenschaft als eine Kulmination der Expressionismusforschung. Silvio Vietta und Hans-Georg Kemper modifizieren zum Teil den Begriff und meinen, dass man die Literatur des Expressionismus nicht aus dem Epochenzusammenhang lösen darf. Der Expressionismus kann erst im Kontext der zeitgenössischen Wissenschaft, Philosophie, Soziologie und Massenkultur adäquat erschlossen werden; am sinnvollsten erscheint dabei die hermeneutische Methode. Wolfgang Rothe ist der Ansicht, dass der Expressionismus keineswegs nur als ein auf die Sprachkunst beschränktes Stilphänomen, sondern als eine geistige Auffassungsweise und generelle Bewusstseinsäußerung begriffen werden muss. Solche Erkenntnisse der deutschen Literaturwissenschaftler sind ein wichtiger Ausgangspunkt zu einer weiteren Expressionismusforschung.In der litauischen Literaturkritik erfreut sich das Problem des Expressionismus einer großen Popularität und bleibt nach wie vor aktuell. Jedoch wird der Begriff selbst vielfach als selbstverständlich vorausgesetzt und theoretisch wenig reflektiert. Deshalb richtet sich der vorliegende Beitrag vor allem an den litauischen Adressaten – nicht nur, um über den Forschungsstand zu informieren, sondern auch, um auf die Komplexität des Phänomens des Expressionismus aufmerksam zu machen und die litauischen Forscher zu einer weiteren produktiven Auseinandersetzung mit der literarischen Moderne und Avantgarde anzuregen.
Intertekstinis Margaretos Atwood romano Tarnaitės pasakojimas skaitymas
Authors: Šlapkauskaitė Rūta
Published: January 2019

Since its publication in 1985, Margaret Atwood’s dystopia The Handmaid’s Tale has prominently secured its place among the most widely read novels of Canadian literature. The present article offers a reading of Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale as a narrative built on intertextual relationships with other texts, which are directly or implicitly referred to in the novel. This analysis of the novel emphasizes reading as a dynamic semiotic process and employs Gérard Genette’s notion of transtextuality to look into the narrative’s semantic field from the perspective of its paratextual, intertextual and metatextualrelationships. While focusing on the Bible as the major intertext that structures the semantic space of Atwood’s narrative, this intertextual reading of The Handmaid’s Tale also looks at the ways in which the biblical context of Atwood’s novel correlates with the paratexts of Jonathan Swift’s essay A Modest Proposal and sufi philosophy to delineate the dominant strategies of the reading and interpreting of Atwood’s text. Finally, the article analyzes the metatextual level of Atwood’s novel and points out the ways in which the writer ironizes the intertextual nature of her own text and fictionalizes its intertexts, thereby suggesting the impossibility of narrative and interpretative closure.
Ezoterizmas literatūroje ir literatūros istorijoje
Authors: Daujotytė-Pakerienė Iktorija
Published: January 2019

The article is inspired by intensified attention to the esoteric in humanities. The author tries to find out what are the roots of esoterism in tradition, what are the links between esoterism and an idealistic explanation of art and creative nature. The connection between esoterism and modernism is being stressed. The main attention is paid to Lithuanian literature of the beginning of the 20th century: it programically declared the longing towards the secret, the mystical. Links are established between esoterism, occultism, mysticism and partly hermetism.From the methodological point of view, the main orientation is towards phenomenological notion of literature and literary process. The creative activity of consciousness has many various levels of experience, however, it is impossible divide this activity into rational levels of reason and result. In the literary process there are important not only external (social, political, economical factors) but internal movements of consciousness as well. They are linked with the state of longing, anxiety, seeking, more or less explainable, and with personal experience of artists.Esoterism is rooted in ancient mysterious religions and shows the secretness of religious doctrines and cults. In cultural history esoterism denotes an attention to the mystical, unexplainable (both in personal life and in the world); the attention is of a more general type. Magic and ocultism in some cases are the broader, in other cases the narrower frames of esoterism.
Автобио-реконструктивная маска в письмах М. И. Цветаевой
Authors: Туганова Наталия
Published: January 2019

Teatrinis kodas yra vienas iš M. Cvetajevos kūrybos kodų ir išryškinamas įvairiuose jos tekstų lygmenyse. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamas toks teatrinio kodo elementas kaip vaidmuo ir prieinama išvados, kad toks teatro elementas kaip vaidmuo Cvetajevos laiškuose yra susijęs su N. Jevreinovo teatrine novacija – autobiorekonstruktyvia kauke. M. Cvetajevos laiškuose A. Bahrahui tai Fedros autobio-rekonstruktyvi kaukė.
Graikų karų su persais recepcija romėniškoje Graikijoje: Herodotas Plutarcho akimis
Authors: Juchnevičienė Nijolė
Published: January 2019

The traditional image of Sparta in the European cultural tradition is an idealized distortion of reality, based on the works of non-Spartan writers in both Greek and Roman antiquity. Plutarch has influenced our image of Sparta more than any other author, though he was not the first to create the so-called Spartan mirage. Plutarch idealized Sparta, according to him the ideal of a polis community was best of all realized in the Sparta of Lycurgus. It is the ethics of the rulers, not the type of the political system, that really matters for him; the moral standards of the rulers determine the moral value of the state. The example of the Spartan ethics to the last degree has been demonstrated, according Plutarch, in the battle at Thermopylae. Plutarch regards this battle as the most important moment of the Greco-Persian wars; in his eyes it brought the final victory to Greeks at the end. Therefore he is extremely harsh in criticizing Herodotus for his description of this epizode (De malignitate Herodoti). Plutarch’s attitude towards Herodotus in this work and in Lives, which owe material to Herodotus, is extremely different. According to Plutarch, Herodotus had a personal dislike for Sparta and therefore he had blackened the greatest deed of Leonidas.Herodotus and Plutarch look at this epizode from the different points of view. Herodotus is not influenced by later Spartan ideology here. Though his narrative of Thermopylae is infused with Homeric elements, he presents it not simply as an act of heroism, but as the deepest personal tragedy of Leonidas and the 300 Spartiatai; there is a colour of ambivalence in his story. Therefore Plutarch relies more on Ephorus/Diodorus than on Herodotus reconstructing his version of events and widely uses the rhetorical and moralistic approach, elaborated already by the authors mentioned. It is the rhetorics of Plutarch and his predecessors that underlies the ideological cliché of nowadays political rhetorics.
Балис Сруога (1896–1947)
Authors: Ивинская Марина
Published: January 2019

B. Sruogos disertacija “Die Darstellung im litauischen Volksliede” (München 1923) ir vadovėlis “Rusų senoji literatūra” (Kaunas 1931) nagrinėjami komparatyvistiniu aspektu. Sruoga nuosekliai išaiškina lietuvių ir slavų (rusų, lenkų, ukrainiečių, baltarusių) liaudies dainų poetikos paraleles: struktūrą ir rimą, ritmą, refreną, paralelizmo tipus, palyginimus ir epitetus, metaforines konstrukcijas, simboliką.Europietiškos teorinės ir lyginamosios tradicijos panaudojimas, leido atskleisti dainų poetikos archaiškumą ir ją susisteminti. “Rusų senoji literatūra” – pirmas ir kol kas vienintelis vadovėlis, kurio ypatumai nulemia didėjantį jo aktualumą. Tai yra: 1) išsamus Senovės Rusijos raštijos ir istoriografijos apie ją pateikimas; 2) senosios rusų literatūros nagrinėjimas istoriniame ir Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės polifoninės kultūros aspektuose; 3) istorinio-sociologinio ir estetinio-poetinio traktavimo sintezė – čia pasireiškė mokslinis ir poetinis Sruogos talentas; 4) specifinės rusų viduramžių raštijos tradicijos įtraukimas į Lietuvos mokslinę, švietimo ir kultūrinę apyvartą (vertimai ir transkripcijos, rašytojų, knygininkų pavardžių, kūrinių pavadinimų, senųjų rusų žodžių ir posakių, literatūrinių ir kitokių terminų lituanizavimo variantiškumas).
Bifidobacterium Abundance in Early Infancy and Vaccine Response at 2 Years of Age
Authors: Huda M. Nazmul , Ahmad Shaikh M. , Alam M. Jahangir , Khanam Afsana , Kalanetra Karen M. , Taft Diana H. , Raqib Rubhana , Underwood Mark A. , Mills David A. , Stephensen Charles B.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:

The intestinal microbiome in early infancy affects immunologic development and thus may affect vaccine memory, though few prospective studies have examined such associations. We examined the association of Bifidobacterium levels in early infancy with memory responses to early vaccination measured at 2 years of age.

METHODS:

In this prospective observational study, we examined the association of Bifidobacterium abundance in the stool of healthy infants at 6 to 15 weeks of age, near the time of vaccination, with T-cell and antibody responses measured at 6 weeks, 15 weeks, and 2 years of age. Infants were vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) (at birth), oral polio virus (at birth and at 6, 10, and 14 weeks), tetanus toxoid (TT) (at 6, 10, and 14 weeks), and hepatitis B virus (at 6, 10, and 14 weeks). Fecal Bifidobacterium was measured at 6, 11, and 15 weeks. Bifidobacterium species and subspecies were measured at 6 weeks.

RESULTS:

Mean Bifidobacterium abundance in early infancy was positively associated with the CD4 T-cell responses to BCG, TT, and hepatitis B virus at 15 weeks, with CD4 responses to BCG and TT at 2 years, and with plasma TT-specific immunoglobulin G and stool polio-specific immunoglobulin A at 2 years. Similar associations were seen for the predominant subspecies, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Bifidobacterium abundance in early infancy may increase protective efficacy of vaccines by enhancing immunologic memory. This hypothesis could be tested in clinical trials of interventions to optimize Bifidobacterium abundance in appropriate populations.
As especificidades urbanas na relação do serviço social com os movimentos sociais / Urban specificities on the relationship of social work with social movements
Authors: Suave Angela Michele
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo traz reflexões acerca do impacto da configuração sócio-política dos movimentos sociais urbanos na intervenção profissional do Serviço Social. Foi pautado na necessidade do estreitamento da relação do Serviço Social com os movimentos sociais. Revelou a importância da construção de possibilidades na objetivação do trabalho profissional para o alcance estratégico da finalidade profissional. A intervenção política no âmbito privilegiado da luta pelo direito à cidade possibilita uma contribuição efetiva na resistência à assolada alienação e perpassa o cotidiano profissional no contexto das relações entre as classes sociais. Do ponto de vista metodológico foi feita uma pesquisa bibliográfica. No que se refere à intervenção profissional do Serviço Social, tratou-se das dimensões que abarcam o compromisso ético-político dos profissionais e a competência técnico-operativa.
Graduação e pós-graduação em serviço social no Brasil / Undergraduate and graduate studies programs in social work in Brazil
Authors: Garcia Maria Lúcia Teixeira , Fernandez Cristiane Bonfim
Published: January 2019

Este artigo analisa a expansão da graduação e da pós-graduação em Serviço Social no Brasil, caracterizando as convergências e divergências entre os dois níveis de formação nos últimos 15 anos. Trata-se de pesquisa documental com base em dados disponíveis nos sites do Ministério da Educação e da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. A graduação em Serviço Social é ofertada, atualmente, por 575 Instituições, distribuídas pelas cinco regiões brasileiras, com concentração no Sudeste e no Sul. Essas Instituições são, em sua maioria, privadas e disponibilizam tanto a modalidade presencial quanto a modalidade a distância. A pós-graduação segue um fluxo de expansão diferente. É vinculada sobretudo às instituições públicas, com oferta de ensino presencial e maior quantitativo de doutores entre seus docentes.
REFINING THE MATERIAL SUBSTANCE: ARISTOTLE’S PROGRAM IN METAPHYSICS H1-5
Authors: Mié Fabián
Published: January 2019

En Metaph. Z17, Aristóteles toma un nuevo punto de partida (1041a6) en su discusión sobre la sustancia: la forma sustancial es principio y causa (1041a6-10, 1041b8), mientras que la mate­ria es un elemento (1041b31) de las sustancias mate­riales. Además, un compromiso de Aristóteles, quizá no totalmente acla­rado en Z17, es que las sustancias materiales son todos unificados (1041b11-12). Éstas son dos tesis centrales de Z17, cuya aparente ausencia en el resu­men de H1 (1042a3-23) ha despertado dudas entre los co­menta­do­res acerca del mismo proyecto de H; un libro que es visto comúnmente como un mero ma­nojo de notas so­bre temas de Z. En cuanto a la con­tribución positiva de H, los comentadores destacan poco más que la in­troducción del vocabu­lario modal de potencia y acto, en el cual se habría traducido la distinción de Z entre ma­teria y forma; y encuentran recién en la solución que H6 (1045a23-25, 1045b18-19) ofrece al pro­blema de la unidad la genuina con­tribución que hace el entero libro H. Como conse­cuencia de esta lectura, H1-5 que­dan a la sombra de H6 y resultan escasamente atendi­dos. En contra de la tendencia todavía predominante a no considerar H1-5 en sí mismos, en este artículo in­tentaré mostrar que esos capítulos desarrollan un pro­grama que prepara adecuada­mente la conclu­sión de H6. H2-3 son la pri­mera gran estación en ese progra­ma; allí Aristóteles justifica la priori­dad de la forma; posteriormente, en H4-5 hace algo similar con la uni­dad de los compues­tos materiales. De tal manera, tra­taré de mostrar que H1-5 constituyen una pieza cen­tral en el acaba­miento de la teoría sobre la sustancia material ini­ciada en Z17.
TELEOLOGÍA Y NATURALEZA EN ARISTÓTELES
Authors: Ross Alberto
Published: January 2019

El propósito de este trabajo es presentar una recons­trucción de cómo se articulan las nociones de finalidad y naturaleza en la física de Aristóteles, así como de la relación que guardan estos principios con la substan­cia eterna e inmóvil que introduce el filósofo griego en Metaph. XII. Como es bien sabido, hay un espectro amplio de lecturas acerca de la postura aristotélica sobre el particular, las cuales responden a distintas valoraciones de los argumentos que aparecen en los pasajes que el filósofo griego dedica al estudio de estos temas. La lectura que se defenderá en el presente texto podría describirse como minimalista.
Crystal structure and properties of novel oxide Sm0.9Ca1.1Fe0.7Co0.3O4-d
Authors: Galayda Anastasia P. , Volkova Nadezhda E. , Dyagileva Anastasia I. , Gavrilova Ludmila Ya. , Cherepanov Vladimir A. , Battle Peter D.
Published: January 2019

Sm0.9Ca1.1Fe0.7Co0.3O4-δ oxide with the K2NiF4-type structure was prepared using a glycerin-nitrate technique. The XRD pattern of Sm0.9Ca1.1Fe0.7Co0.3O4-δ was refined by the Rietveld method within an orthorhombic structure (space group Bmab). The electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermal expansion of Sm0.9Ca1.1Fe0.7Co0.3O4-δ were measured depending on temperature in air. The change of oxygen nonstoichiometry determined by TGA in air does not exceed 0.01. The oxygen content in Sm0.9Ca1.1Fe0.7Co0.3O4-δ determined by the reduction in a hydrogen flux is equal to 3.96 ± 0.01. The positive value of Seebeck coefficient indicates that the predominant charge carriers in the oxide studied are electron holes.
Checklist of marine demersal fishes captured by the pair trawl fisheries in Southern (RJ-SC) Brazil
Authors: Rotundo Matheus Marcos , Severino-Rodrigues Evandro , Barrella Walter , Petrere Junior Miguel , Ramires Milena
Published: January 2019

Abstract: Demersal fishery resources are abundant on continental shelves, on the tropical and subtropical coasts, making up a significant part of the marine environment. Marine demersal fishery resources are captured by various fishing methods, often unsustainably, which has led to the depletion of their stocks. In order to inventory the marine demersal ichthyofauna on the Southern Brazilian coast, as well as their conservation status and distribution, this study analyzed the composition and frequency of occurrence of fish captured by pair trawling in 117 fishery fleet landings based in the State of São Paulo between 2005 and 2012. The ichthyofauna consisted of 245 species (81 families, 32 orders and 2 classes). Among the species, 50 species were classified as constant, 38 accessory and 157 accidental. Still, 13.47% of the species were listed as endangered; 35.29% of the Chondrichthyes and 11.85% of the Actinopterygii (15.1% of the total species) belong to the endemic fauna of the Biogeographic Province of Argentina. The richness was directly related to the oceanographic features of the study area, which determined the southern boundary of occurrence of several tropical species and the northern boundary of occurrence for temperate species. This is the region with the highest abundance of fishery resources in Brazil.
Abstracts of Current Foreign Publications
Authors: Akhaladze G. G. , Akhaladze D. G.
Published: January 2019

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Prognostic criteria of variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Zhigalova S. B. , Manukiyan G. V. , Shertsinger A. G. , Fandeyev E. E. , Semenova T. S. , Korshunov I. B. , Martirosyan R. A.
Published: January 2019

Aim. To determine prognostic criteria of variceal bleeding in patients with portal hypertension.

Material and methods. There were 53 patients with portal hypertension and the threat of variceal bleeding from the esophagus and stomach without previous hemorrhage. Univariate and multivariate analysis was applied to determine prognostic criteria of the first bleeding. Patients with esophageal and gastroesophageal varices were analyzed separately. The following prognostic criteria were considered: dimensions of the veins, vasculopathy and gastropathy, liver function.

Results. Incidence of hemorrhage was 72.7% in patients with esophageal varices grade 3, in case of vasculopathy — 80%. Child-Pugh class A was followed by incidence of hemorrhage near 12.5%, class B — 44%, C — 100%. MELD score < 9 was associated with bleeding rate 28.6%, 10—19 — 39.3%, over 20 scores — 100%. According to multivariate analysis consisting of Child—Pugh classification, in patients with < 11 scores 1-year incidence of bleeding was 13.3%, in case of MELD classification — 16.7%. The same values in patients with 11—16 scores were 77.8% and 31.3%, respectively. Analysis including both classifications (overall score over 16) was associated with incidence of hemorrhage up to 100%. Gastroesophageal varices grade 3 were associated with the risk of hemorrhage near 44.4% within 12 months, in case of vasculopathy — 60%, gastropathy — 37.5%. Incidence of hemorrhage in patients with Child-Pugh class A was 12.5%, class B — 44%, class C — 100%. In patients with MELD score < 9 bleeding rate was 28.6%, 10—19 scores — 39.3%, over 20 scores — 100%. According to multivariate analysis consisting of Child—Pugh classification, patients with gastroesophageal varices and less than 11 scores have the probability of hemorrhage near 15.4% within 12 months, in case of MELD score — 23%. The same values were 55.6% and 50%, respectively in case of 11—18 scores. In patients with more than 18 scores incidence of hemorrhage was 75% considering Child-Pugh classification and 100% for the MELD classification.

Conclusion. The group of patients with threat of bleeding within 12 months was determined that makes possible a differentiated approach to patients who for need primary prevention of bleeding.
MEGA-Marx
Authors: Bluhm Harald
Published: January 2019

Ob am Anfang die «geniale Intuition» und die darauf aufbauende systematische Auffächerung oder aber ein radikaler Bruch im Werk, gar die Preisgabe «aufrechter Jugendgedanken» steht – keine Klassikerausgabe kommt ohne Autorfiktion aus. Weil Editionen lange Zeiträume in Anspruch nehmen, wandeln sich die Vorstellungen im Verlauf einer Ausgabe.
Alte Hüte. Preußen, Reformen und Moderne
Authors: Richter Hedwig , Stamm-Kuhlmann Thomas
Published: January 2019

Auch Wissenschaft kann sich nicht den Fragen der Mode entziehen. Als neulich auf einer Tagung das Wort «Moderne» fiel, erklärte ein junger Herr (mit Bart, Undercut und dunklem Brillengestell): «‹Moderne›» (angewidertes Kräuseln der Gesichtszüge), «nein, das geht nicht mehr.» Keine Frage, ein unschlagbares Argument.
Editorial
Authors: Smit Johannes A. , Chetty Denzil
Published: January 2019

In this Festschrift we want to both celebrate Professor Dr. Martin Prozesky's academic career as student and scholar in Religious Studies and Ethics, and his substantial impact on South Africans of all walks of life through his thought, publications, and practical ethics training in the academy, and in the corporate and public domains. This comes after nearly 50 years since he started teaching Comparative Religion in the then Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 1969, and also 40 years, since he started as Senior Lecturer in 1977, at the then University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg campus, teaching Philosophy of Religion in the Department of Divinity1. It is also nearly 40 years since he was introduced to Process Philosophy and wrote his review of Process Theology: An Introductory Exposition, by John B. Cobb Jr. and David Ray Griffin (1979). It is also now 10 years since he took early retirement from the University of KwaZulu-Natal in 2007, and the publication of his very significant Conscience: Ethical Intelligence for Global Well-Being (2007). This year, Prof. Dr. Prozesky will celebrate his seventy-fourth birthday, and we are celebrating his contributions to our discipline, and its sub-disciplines, at the 40th Congress of the Association for the Study of Religion in Southern Africa (ASRSA).
The ethical and spiritual project of Martin Prozesky: Influences and interests
Authors: Sukdaven Maniraj
Published: January 2019

This article provides a cursory overview of the life and thought of Professor Martin Prozesky, and his contributions to academia via his ethical and spiritual project. There were many people of various personalities that influenced his life, including the path he chose in academia. Some of these were scholars, such as the internationally acclaimed Professors Alister Hardy, John Hick, Lloyd Geering, Ninian Smart, Wilfred Cantwell Smith, feminist Professors Mary Daly, Ursula King and Rosemary Radford Ruether, and various process theologians. Others were spiritual leaders such as Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Mahatma Gandhi, the Chief Rabbi of the orthodox United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth (1991 - 2013), Jonathan Sacks, and the Dalai Lama. THESE ARE: From his base in Theology and Religious Studies to his move to Ethics and Spirituality it could be established that there are five main contributions in Martin Prozesky's work which he had made to academia and of which cognizance should be taken. : (1) the religious philosophy of Friedrich Schleiermacher; (2) the development of a critical theology; (3) his values-based explanation of religion; (4) the debate about God; and (5) the need for a multi-cultural, even global, multi-disciplinary approach to applied ethics with special attention to African ethics. These contributions among other works are discussed in this article. (The article was made possible through an interview with Prof. Prozesky that was recorded and transcribed
Reflection in practice as source of values: The cross-cultural creation of a health-care ethic in post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Shutte Augustine
Published: January 2019

As a starting-point, in his well-known definition of a 'practice', Alasdair MacIntyre argues that the 'reflection' involved in 'practice', is best understood as a dialogue between different partners, whether individuals or groups. Such reflection, aimed as it is at the achievement of excellence in the practice concerned, can (if pursued with rigour and commitment), uncover values embedded in the practice which, however limited the practice (rugby, gardening), have a wider, even universal, scope. When the partners in dialogue have general recognition of one another (religions, countries, professional bodies, political parties), these values can provide materials for a Global Ethic (Parliament of the World's Religions), that is constructed from the bottom up (the Oregon Plan), rather than by some public authority (the United Nations). This article provides grounds for this view by examining the practice of health-care in post-apartheid South Africa, and the co-reflection of scientific health-care professionals and traditional healers, that are part of constructing a new model for health-care that better serves the needs of all South Africans. This dialogue may uncover values whose scope is wider than that of health-care and which could provide a really humane foundation for a society containing different cultures.
Theology before and after Bishop Robinson's Honest to God (1963)
Authors: Geering Lloyd
Published: January 2019

Bishop John Robinson's Honest to God (1963) may be judged as a bombshell that blew the roof off the church, not because it introduced original thinking, but because it brought to unsuspecting people in the pews some knowledge of the developments that had been taking place for quite some time in academic theology. It initiated the turbulent sixties from which time onwards the slow decline in church allegiance began to accelerate in the Western world. The thought of Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Rudolf Bultmann and Paul Tillich, which Robinson summarized in his book, were themselves simply the twentieth century version of the radical changes in theology made necessary by the advent of the post-Enlightenment world, and which had been set in motion in rather different ways at the beginning of the nineteenth century by the philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and the theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher. Since the Enlightenment brought to humans the freedom to think for themselves - Bonhoeffer labelled this phenomenon 'Humanity's coming of age' - so the theological enterprise gradually changed from being the exposition of divinely revealed dogmas to the human exploration of religious experience. In retrospect, Robinson's book is to be judged a significant marker in a process of ever-changing theological thought.