bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of early mortality after surgical treatment of infective endocarditis: a single-center experience
Authors: Jakuska Povilas , Ereminiene Egle , Muliuolyte Egle , Kosys Vidas , Pavlavičius Lukas , Zukovas Giedrius , Karciauskas Dainius , Benetis Rimantas
Published: September 2019

Objective:

Surgical management of infective endocarditis continues to be challenging and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of our study was to determine the risk factors and conditions associated with poor early infective endocarditis surgical treatment outcomes—30-day postoperative mortality.

Methods:

A total of 124 patients who underwent surgery for infective endocarditis at the Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics from January 2010 to December 2017 were retrospectively included in this study. The primary endpoints were 30-day postoperative mortality and identification of risk factors associated with it. Secondary endpoints were early postoperative outcomes and complication rates.

Results:

During the study period, 124 patients with infective endocarditis underwent cardiac surgery, presenting an overall 30-day postoperative mortality rate of 10.48%. Mean age was 58 ± 14.4 years with 95 (76.61%) males. Independent predictive factors of early mortality were age >63 years (odds ratio = 6.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.66-24.66, p = 0.003), body mass index >30 kg/m² (odds ratio = 7.74, 95% confidence interval = 2.20-27.27, p = 0.003), and ischemic heart disease (odds ratio, 6.6, 95% confidence interval = 1.62-26.90, p = 0.003), as well as intraoperative parameters—prolonged aortic cross-clamp >84.5 minutes (odds ratio = 3.79, 95% confidence interval = 1.10-13.08, p = 0.03) and cardiopulmonary bypass time >107.5 minutes (odds ratio = 10.0, 95% confidence interval = 1.26-79.58, p = 0.023). Staphylococcus aureus infection (odds ratio = 5.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.29-19.64, p = 0.012), infective endocarditis–related intracardiac complication such as paravalvular abscess detected by transesophageal echocardiography (odds ratio = 4.32, 95% confidence interval = 1.31-14.25, p = 0.01), and infective endocarditis complicated by septic or cardiogenic shock (odds ratio, 18.43, 95% confidence interval = 4.59-73.98, p = 0.001) were statistically significant factors for increased risk of 30-day postoperative mortality.

Conclusion:

Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis showed good results in our center. The independent predictors of 30-day postoperative mortality for patients who underwent cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis were age, body mass index, ischemic heart disease, prolonged aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass time, Staphylococcus aureus infection, paravalvular abscess, and septic or cardiogenic shock.
Art Is Metaphor
Authors: Rabb Nathaniel , Brownell Hiram
Published: September 2019

Art and metaphor both seem unnecessary for survival yet are unlikely to be spandrels given their ubiquity and apparent value. We discuss how art and metaphor play a similar, important role in cognition. Specifically, both are communications that are neither true nor false and so convey information by drawing attention to a limited isomorphism between target and source, a relationship that allows for ambiguity because it is assessed by “goodness of fit.” This combination of features means that art and metaphor require and, in turn, tune domain-general capacities for counterfactual reasoning and pattern detection.
Conflicts in racism: Broome and White Australia
Authors: Affeldt Stefanie , Hund Wulf D.
Published: September 2019

This study examines the character of racism as a social relation. As such, racism is continuously produced and modified, not only culturally and ideologically but also in social interaction. Understanding racism and its repercussions demands close investigation of all the processes involved. An instructive example is an incident that unfolded in the early 1910s in Broome, Western Australia. The exemption from immigration restriction of a Japanese doctor raised tempers at a time when the nationwide aspiration for a racially homogeneous society determined political and social attitudes, and ‘whiteness’ was a crucial element of Australianness. The possibility of admitting a Japanese professional to a town that was already suspected of race chaos fuelled debates about the question of ‘coloured labour’ and the ‘yellow peril’, while challenging the unambiguousness of class and race boundaries. The influence and wealth of some Japanese, the indispensable position of their compatriots in the pearling industry, and the skills and reputation of their doctor, supplemented with the distinct racial pride of the whole Japanese community, proved to massively impede and disrupt the unrestricted implementation of white supremacy.
The Economics of Defeat
Authors: Taylor Mark
Published: September 2019

These are the elements of contemporary power. The scale has tipped in the direction of economics rather than military might … At this stage of the game, objects that may be subject to a military takeover are no longer of value.

Shimon Peres, Israeli foreign minister, 19931
Suicide Means Used by the Older Adults in Rural China: A Comparison Between Those Using Pesticides and Other Means
Authors: Zhu Rong-Ting , Ma Zhenyu , Jia Cunxian , Zhou Liang
Published: September 2019

Background:

The most frequently used means of committing suicide was pesticide poisoning in rural China, yet little is known about the characteristics and risk factors for suicides committed with pesticides compared to those committed via other means in older adults.

Methods:

The participants were 242 older adults (aged 60 or older) who had committed suicide in the rural areas of 3 provinces (Shandong, Hunan, and Guangxi) in China. This study was conducted using the psychological autopsy (PA) method.

Results:

In univariate analyses, no statistically significant differences were found between those who committed suicide with pesticide or with other means in terms of demographic and clinical variables except age, prevalence of mental disorders, suicidal intent, number of recent life events, social support, hopelessness, impulsivity, and depressive symptoms ( P > .05); age, history of suicide attempts, having pesticides available at home, the total number of life events, and the number of long-term life events were significantly different ( P < .05) between the 2 groups. In multivariate logistic regression model, the factors associated with committing suicide with pesticides were the availability of pesticides at home (odds ratio [OR] = 3.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.99-6.08) and the number of long-term life events (OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.97).

Conclusion:

The older adults who committed suicide by pesticides and those using other means are probably the same population. The main determinant of choosing pesticides as suicide means was likely the availability of pesticides at home. Suicide risk among older adults might be reduced by placing appropriate restrictions on access to pesticides.
Cliveden: The Canadian Red Cross Hospital, William Osler and the ‘Taplow Affair’
Authors: Roxanas Miltiadis G , Gendek Marilyn A , Lane Vivien E
Published: September 2019

At the start of the First World War, the estate of Cliveden was offered as a hospital to the Canadian Government by its owner William Astor. This article describes its history, Sir William Osler's involvement in the hospital, and the involvement of other doctors and some of their research. The rehabilitation programs to help the injured soldiers are described, including the physical, occupational, sporting and social activities undertaken in order to help them towards their return to civilian life. Political ambitions in Canada and friction between the owner of Cliveden, Nancy Astor, and the medical/military establishment led to turmoil which engulfed Osler and is known as the ‘Taplow Affair’. The hospital was dismantled after the war but became re-activated in the Second World War and is now a National Trust property.
Vibration performance evaluation of smart magneto-electro-elastic nanobeam with consideration of nanomaterial uncertainties
Authors: Liu Hu , Lv Zheng
Published: September 2019

This study is devoted to examining the vibration behaviors of magneto-electro-elastic nanobeams with consideration of nanomaterial uncertainties induced by the atom defect and manufacturing deviation. Based on the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory, the governing equations of a magneto-electro-elastic nanobeam resting on a Winkler–Pasternak foundation and subjected to electric and magnetic potentials are derived. The material properties of the magneto-electro-elastic nanobeam are treated as uncertain parameters with well-defined bounds to overcome the extensive information required in probabilistic evaluation. The range of natural frequency of the magneto-electro-elastic nanobeam is predicted via a non-probabilistic evaluation methodology, which is validated by comparing with Monte Carlo simulation and probabilistic evaluation methodology. Then, the parametric analyses are performed to reveal the coupling effects of nanomaterial uncertainties, and nonlocal parameter, as well as elastic foundation parameters on the vibration performance of magneto-electro-elastic nanobeams. It is demonstrated that the nanomaterial uncertainties affect the mechanical behaviors of magneto-electro-elastic nanostructures significantly and the present model can be degenerated into the deterministic model as the nanomaterial uncertainty is eliminated.
Leadership for Youth Empowerment Within a Family-Based Community Program
Authors: Gil Elizabeth
Published: September 2019

This article examines the perceptions of students who observed their adult family members’ participation and also participated in Connection and Access through Technology (CAtT), a family-oriented community-based program that taught technology skills to adult family members of school-aged children. This qualitative study applies conceptions of empowerment, for youth and community settings, to understand how program structures promoted immigrant Latino family members’ empowerment. In CAtT, parents gained technology skills, which they applied to their daily lives and to their children’s schooling, and developed leadership skills. Students experienced a sense of belonging, agency, competence, and leadership through increasing technology skills and having opportunities to contribute to the program, including through teaching others. Witnessing positive experiences of adult family members in the program also represented possibilities for children’s personal successes. Findings suggest that leaders’ ability to recognize and employ nontraditional parental involvement that builds on families’ cultural characteristics results in fostering student empowerment. Exposure to programs such as CAtT, which empower Latino immigrant families and which have the potential to alter traditional structures, is essential in the development of leaders for social justice and culturally responsive leadership.
Rigor, Relevance, and Resilience in Management Research
Authors: Rajagopalan Nandini
Published: September 2019

In this essay, I discuss a few characteristics of research that is rigorous, resilient, and impactful and identify some research topics that share these characteristics. I then share some observations on trends in the broader research environment that pose opportunities and threats for our continued ability to conduct research that is both rigorous and relevant. Finally, I offer some strategies to enhance our ability to continue to produce management knowledge that remains impactful over time.
The Impetus for Resilience and Change in Business Education and Management Research
Authors: Kovoor-Misra Sarah
Published: September 2019

In the past hundred years, business schools in the United States have had to be resilient and undergo change in order to address various challenges. They have faced issues pertaining to their legitimacy, rigor, and relevance. This article suggests that business schools are once again in a period of change that requires resilience and that these age old issues have to be reconsidered in this new environment, and it describes some of the economic, reputational, technological, and psychosocial threats and opportunities that are currently creating an impetus for change. The other articles that comprise this dialog series on Resilience and Change in Business Education and Management Research are also introduced.
Sex Education, Condom Access, and Contraceptive Referral in U.S. High Schools
Authors: Maziarz Lauren N. , Dake Joseph A. , Glassman Tavis
Published: September 2019

In the United States, sex education in schools varies significantly across districts. Many schools operate without state-guided health education curricula, leaving decisions up to individual districts. The purpose of this study was to explore what type of sex education is being offered in U.S. high schools in addition to assessing the frequency of condom access and contraceptive referral. A total of 772 high school superintendents were surveyed with a response rate of 40.4% ( n = 297). Data show most districts teach comprehensive sex education (63%), while only 7% of districts offer condoms to high school students. Twenty-nine percent of superintendents reported their district refers out for contraceptive services to a variety of agencies. School nurses can use this information to inform health policy discussions in their district as well as advocate for awareness among district officials regarding existing health service offerings.
Too Late? What Do You Mean? Cultural Norms Regarding Lateness for Meetings and Appointments
Authors: van Eerde Wendelien , Azar Sana
Published: September 2019

In this study, we extend the research on lateness for meetings and appointments by taking a cultural norms perspective among South African ( n = 76), Dutch ( n = 86), and Pakistani ( n = 83) respondents. Based upon the distinction between clock time and event time cultures, we examined time norms related to lateness. Pakistani respondents (from an event time culture) differed from the other two groups (from clock time cultures) in how they defined lateness to business meetings. Also, they found larger time intervals of lateness acceptable for appointments than the other two groups Based upon considerations related to power distance, we additionally tested whether not only clock or event time but also status would matter to lateness norms. In contrast to the South African and Pakistani respondents, Dutch respondents did not allow longer waiting times for people with higher status. We discuss our results in light of theoretical and practical implications and provide suggestions for future research.
Effects of content and language integrated learning in Europe A systematic review of longitudinal experimental studies
Authors: Goris JA , Denessen EJPG , Verhoeven LTW
Published: September 2019

Content and language integrated learning (CLIL), an educational approach in which subject matter and a foreign language – predominantly English – are taught and learnt side by side, has developed into a very popular educational innovation in most European countries. A host of research studies have shown its benefits, and discuss favourable effects especially with respect to L2 gains. However, critical voices have underscored the fact that CLIL attracts or selects mainly high-achieving learners. Hence, the question arises whether it is justified to attribute improved L2 performance mainly to the CLIL intervention, or to favourable learner characteristics. Several reviews of literature were published in the past, but due to a lack of longitudinal findings no conclusive evidence about the added value of CLIL in the process of L2 learning could be produced. The present review aims to fill this void and has undertaken a search of two decades of longitudinal studies into the effects of CLIL on various linguistic skills in the field of English as a foreign language. The findings indicate that robust studies were undertaken in only a limited number of European countries, and that only a few of them were large scale. Yet, the conclusions provide clear indications regarding the contexts in which CLIL leads to significantly better L2 results.
Smartphone “Selfies”—A reliable and accurate tool for measuring elbow range of motion
Authors: Shields Maegan N , Vaichinger Anthony M , O’Driscoll Shawn W
Published: September 2019

Background

To determine if self-taken photographs (“selfies”), performed independently after instruction by video or illustrated handout, would be an accurate and reliable tool for capturing elbow range of motion in patients with elbow contractures.

Methods

Fifty patients presenting with elbow contractures participated in the study. After completion of the selfie, the senior author clinically measured flexion and extension with a goniometer. The angles from the photographs were measured and analyzed.

Results

The agreement between goniometer and “selfie” measurements correlated closely (R2 = 0.98) and agreement was excellent in both extension and in flexion with intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.95 (95% CI 0.92 to 0.97) in extension with a mean difference of 2° (95% CI −3° to 7°), and 0.93 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.96) in flexion with a mean difference of 4° (95% CI 0° to 8°). Systematic errors were low in extension, 0° (95% CI, ±11°) and in flexion −3° (95% CI, ±10°). Six patients demonstrated ≥10° difference between clinical and selfie measurements. Ability to take a usable selfie was inversely correlated with age (R2 = 0.97).

Discussion

Self-taken flexion–extension photographs are a reliable and accurate tool for measuring elbow range of motion. Errors in the selfie technique are well tolerated and appear to have a negligible effect upon measurements of motion. This important parameter of elbow function can therefore be obtained outside a normal clinic visit, thereby improving frequency of follow-up assessments (and minimizing loss to follow-up) necessary for quality control and research.
Distal clavicle autograft for anterior-inferior glenoid augmentation: A comparative cadaveric anatomic study
Authors: Hudson Parke W , Pinto Martim C , Brabston Eugene W , Hess Matthew C , Cone Brent M , Williams Johnathan F , Brooks William S , Momaya Amit M , Ponce Brent A
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to anatomically compare distal clavicle and coracoid autografts and their potential to augment anterior-inferior glenoid bone loss.

Methods

Ten millimeters of distal clavicle and 20 mm of coracoid were harvested bilaterally from 32 cadavers. Length, weight, and height were measured and surface area and density were calculated. For each graft, ipsilateral measurements were compared and the ability to restore corresponding glenoid bone loss was calculated.

Results

Distal clavicle grafts were larger than coracoid grafts with respect to length (22.3 mm versus 17.7 mm; p < 0.001), height (12.49 mm versus 9.65 mm; p < 0.001), mass (2.72 g versus 2.45 g; p = 0.0437), and volume (2.36 cm3 versus 1.96 cm3; p = 0.002). Coracoid grafts had larger widths (14.56 mm versus 10.52 mm; p < 0.001) and greater density (1.24 g/cm3 versus 1.18 g/cm3; p < 0.001). Distal clavicle surface area was greater on both the articular (2.93 cm2 versus 1.5 cm2; p < 0.001) and superior surfaces (2.76 cm2 versus 1.5 cm2; p < 0.001) when compared to lateral coracoid surface area.

Discussion

Distal clavicle grafts were larger and restored larger bony defects but had greater variability and lower density than coracoid grafts. Clinical studies are needed to compare these graft options.
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Secondary Metabolites From an Endophytic Fungus Annulohypoxylon ilanense
Authors: Cheng Ming-Jen , Yang Shuen-Shin , Wu Ming-Der , Chang Hsun-Hsuo , Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Hsieh Sung-Yuan , Chen Jih-Jung , Wu Ho-Cheng
Published: September 2019

Fractionation of the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the liquid fermentation of an endophytic fungus Annulohypoxylon ilanense associated with the wood of medicinal plant Cinnamomum species resulted in the isolation of 1 new α-pyrone, ilanpyrone (1), along with 3 previously identified compounds, 2 to 4. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric analyses, especially 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as well as high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity against MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268 cell lines using the MTT assay. Among them, compounds 1 and 4 were found to have moderate-to-weak cytotoxic effects against these 3 cell lines in vitro.
Unfenced Borders Cause Differences in Vegetation and Fauna Between Protected and Unprotected Areas in a Tropical Savanna
Authors: Nyamukuru Antonia , Grytnes John-Arvid , Tabuti John R. S. , Totland Ørjan
Published: September 2019

Protected areas generally occur within a matrix of intensively human-modified landscapes. As a way to maintain the biodiversity in these areas, enclosure by fencing is often preferred. This strategy, however, is costly and little is known about the effectiveness of the alternative of unfenced borders on the vegetation and fauna. The objectives of this study are to assess whether there is a distinct difference in biodiversity and composition of plants and mammals between the protected Lake Mburo National Park and the adjacent ranchlands across an unfenced border and to determine the associations between vegetation and faunal species over the same border. We recorded herbaceous vegetation, woody vegetation, and mammal species composition in plots 300 to 500 m away from the border both inside the protected area and in the adjacent ranchlands. The species composition of herbs and mammals in the protected area differ from the adjacent ranchlands, but there is no difference for trees and shrubs. After accounting for land-use type, distance from the border did not significantly account for any additional variation. We also find a correlation between the species composition of vegetation and fauna. Our results suggest that unfenced borders around protected areas create a clear effect.
Does the Genetic Diversity of Macuilillo, Oreopanax xalapensis (Araliaceae), Change Along Successional Gradients of the Montane Cloud Forest?
Authors: Vera-Maloof Farah Z. , Ruiz-Montoya Lorena , Ramírez-Marcial Neptalí
Published: September 2019

Forest regeneration after human-induced or natural disturbances results in a sequential replacement of species, starting with colonizing of pioneer species that modifies the physical conditions of the environment, which later allows the establishment of mid- and late-successional species. Whether the forest succession implies a reduction of population size of tree species might be expected a less genetic diversity in populations inhabiting oldest succession stages. We aimed to study whether genetic diversity of Macuilillo, Oreopanax xalapensis (a understory tree), decreases in advanced age-classes and in late successional of montane cloud forest at Huitepec Ecological Reserve (Chiapas, Mexico). We counted individuals from three age classes: seedlings, saplings, and young reproductive individuals in nine plots along three successional stages (early-, middle-, and late-successional forests). Seven enzyme systems (SOD, AP, FUM, G6PDH, GOT, GPI, and G3PDH) were used to obtain common genetic diversity; Φ-statistics and a Bayesian model were used to infer population structure. At the early-successional stage, O. xalapensis had a bigger population size and significantly high numbers of seedlings. In general, among the successional stages, the genetic diversity of O. xalapensis was moderate to high ( He = 0.25–0.46); the saplings presented the highest expected genetic diversity ( He). Populations were genetically structured by age-classes but not by successional stages. The successional stages affected the demographic dynamics with a mild impact on the genetic structure across age-classes of O. xalapensis. The scenic and recreational conservation strategies implemented in this forest have effectively allowed for population development of O. xalapensis and provide some explanation of genetic diversity at early-succession stage.
Does prior antithrombotic therapy influence recurrence and bleeding risk in stroke patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter?
Authors: Gamble David T , Buono Romain , Mamas Mamas A , Leslie Stephen , Bettencourt-Silva Joao H , Clark Allan B , Bowles Kristian M , Metcalf Anthony K , Potter John F , Myint Phyo K
Published: September 2019

Background

Whilst antithrombotic therapy is recommended in people with atrial fibrillation, little is known about the survival benefits of antithrombotic treatment in those with both high ischaemic and bleeding risk scores. We aim to describe the distribution of these risk scores in those with a prior diagnosis of atrial fibrillation who have suffered stroke and to determine the net clinical benefit of antithrombotic treatment.

Methods

We used regional stroke register data in the UK. Patients with a prior diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke patients were selected and their ischaemic stroke risk score (CHA2DS2-VASc) and bleeding risk score (HEMORR2HAGES) scores retrospectively calculated. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to determine the association between antithrombotic therapy prior to stroke and in-hospital and long-term mortality.

Results

A total of 1928 stroke patients (mean age 81.3 years (standard deviation 8.5), 56.8% women) with prior atrial fibrillation were included. Of these, 1761 (91.3%) suffered ischaemic stroke. The most common phenotype (64%) was of those with both high CHA2DS2-VASc (≥2) and high HEMORR2HAGES score (≥4). In our fully adjusted model, patients on antithrombotic treatment with both high ischaemic and bleeding risk had a significant reduction in odds of 31% for in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.48–1.00: p = 0.049)) and 17% relative risk reduction for long-term mortality (hazard ratio 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.71–0.97: p = 0.02)).

Conclusions

Our study suggests that antithrombotic treatment has a prognostic benefit following incident stroke in those with both high ischaemic risk and high bleeding risk. This should be considered when choosing treatment options in this group of patients.
Pathways to Inequality: Between-District Segregation and Racial Disparities in School District Expenditures
Authors: Sosina Victoria E. , Weathers Ericka S.
Published: September 2019

Recent causal evidence connects levels of per pupil spending and short- and long-term student outcomes. This evidence further suggests that specific types of spending may mediate the relationship between expenditures and student outcomes. Yet race remains related to funding disparities and schooling experiences in ways that raise concerns about the role of school finance in perpetuating racial opportunity gaps. We explore this potential source of educational inequality by asking how racial segregation and racial socioeconomic disparities are related to racial disparities in school district spending over time. We use 15 years of data from the School Funding Fairness Data System on school district expenditures and demographics to explore patterns of racial/ethnic segregation and racial/ethnic disparities across six categories of per pupil expenditures. We find that changes in racial/ethnic segregation within a state from 1999 through 2013 are associated with racial/ethnic disparities in spending, even after accounting for disparities in poverty.
Introduction to this special section: Acquisition and sensing
Authors: Corzo Margarita , Brice Tim , Abma Ray
Published: September 2019

Seismic acquisition has undergone a revolution over the last few decades. The volume of data acquired has increased exponentially, and the quality of seismic images obtained has improved tremendously. While the total cost of acquiring a seismic survey has increased, the cost per trace has dropped precipitously. Land surveys have evolved from sparse 2D lines acquired with a few dozen receivers to densely sampled 3D multiazimuth surveys. Marine surveys that once may have consisted of a small boat pulling a single cable have evolved to large streamer vessels pulling multiple cables and air-gun arrays and to ocean-bottom detectors that require significant fleets to place the detectors, shoot the sources, and provide support. These surveys collect data that are wide azimuth and typically fairly well sampled.
Deep learning for 3D seismic compressive-sensing technique: A novel approach
Authors: Lu Ping , Xiao Yuan , Zhang Yanyan , Mitsakos Nikolaos
Published: September 2019

A deep-learning-based compressive-sensing technique for reconstruction of missing seismic traces is introduced. The agility of the proposed approach lies in its ability to perfectly resolve the optimization limitation of conventional algorithms that solve inversion problems. It demonstrates how deep generative adversarial networks, equipped with an appropriate loss function that essentially leverages the distribution of the entire survey, can serve as an alternative approach for tackling compressive-sensing problems with high precision and in a computationally efficient manner. The method can be applied on both prestack and poststack seismic data, allowing for superior imaging quality with well-preconditioned and well-sampled field data, during the processing stage. To validate the robustness of the proposed approach on field data, the extent to which amplitudes and phase variations in original data are faithfully preserved is established, while subsurface consistency is also achieved. Several applications to acquisition and processing, such as decreasing bin size, increasing offset and azimuth sampling, or increasing the fold, can directly and immediately benefit from adopting the proposed technique. Furthermore, interpolation based on generative adversarial networks has been found to produce better-sampled data sets, with stronger regularization and attenuated aliasing phenomenon, while providing greater fidelity on steep-dip events and amplitude-variation-with-offset analysis with migration.
Reviews
Authors: Walker Kristoffer , Taylor Patrick , Rodi William L.
Published: September 2019

Subsurface Fluid Flow and Imaging with Applications for Hydrology, Reservoir Engineering, and Geophysics, by Donald Wyman Vasco and Akhil Datta-Gupta, ISBN 978-0-521-51633-4, 2016, Cambridge University Press, 364 p. Principles of Seismology, by Agustín Udías and Elisa Buforn, ISBN 978-1-107-13869-8, 2018, Cambridge University Press, 558 p. Velocities, Imaging and Waveform Inversion - The Evolution of Characterizing the Earth's Subsurface, by Ian F. Jones, ISBN 978-9-462-82253-5, 2018, EAGE, 238 p.
Effects of Ketone Bodies on Endurance Exercise
Authors: Sansone Massimiliano , Sansone Andrea , Borrione Paolo , Romanelli Francesco , Di Luigi Luigi , Sgrò Paolo
Published: September 2019

Priorities for every athlete include improving endurance performance, optimizing training, nutrition, and recovery. Nutritional strategies are crucial to support athletes to perform at the highest level, and considering that muscular and hepatic glycogen stores are limited, alternative strategies to maximize fat metabolism have been suggested. A ketogenic diet has been proposed as a possible method of providing metabolic fuel during prolonged periods of exercise. However, clinical trials and empirical experience have produced contrasting results regarding the ergogenic value of a ketogenic diet. For this reason, using ketone esters and/or salts have been proposed to obtain nutritional ketosis without limiting carbohydrate intake. Exogenous ketones should not only represent an alternative metabolic fuel source, sparing carbohydrates, but they also may increase postexercise glycogen replenishment, decrease proteolysis, and act as metabolic modulators and signaling metabolites. While there are some encouraging results showing an increase in endurance performance, contrasting evidence regarding the efficacy of exogenous ketones for endurance performance is present and further studies should be performed to make a definitive statement.
The Effect of Exercise Training on Autonomic Cardiovascular Regulation: From Cardiac Patients to Athletes
Authors: Iellamo Ferdinando , Volterrani Maurizio , Di Gianfrancesco Alessia , Fossati Chiara , Casasco Maurizio
Published: September 2019

Exercise training is increasingly promoted for physical and mental health and represents a major factor in both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. The beneficial effects of exercise, in part, can be ascribed to adaptations of neural CV regulation through several mechanisms. In this article, we summarize how exercise training affects neural CV regulation and outline the plasticity of neural network in the continuum from cardiac patients to elite athletes.
Musculoskeletal Simulation Tools for Understanding Mechanisms of Lower-Limb Sports Injuries
Authors: Bulat Muge , Korkmaz Can Nuray , Arslan Yunus Ziya , Herzog Walter
Published: September 2019

Musculoskeletal simulation and dynamic modeling programs have been used to gain insight into lower-limb musculoskeletal injury mechanisms. In addition to the temporospatial, kinematic, and kinetic data obtained from motion analysis systems, musculoskeletal simulation programs also can provide information on joint contact and muscle forces, musculotendinous lengths and velocities, and muscle activation levels. Musculoskeletal simulation platforms may help in the assessment of risk factors for sports-related injuries. Using musculoskeletal simulations for injury prevention programs may help lower the incidence of sports injuries, and may allow for fast recovery from injury. In this review, injury mechanisms and risk factors of some of the most common lower-limb musculoskeletal injuries, including anterior cruciate ligament, patellofemoral, and hamstring injuries were summarized from a biomechanical perspective. Also, the efficacy of musculoskeletal modeling and dynamic simulation tools in helping our understanding of these injury mechanisms was discussed.
Running Dose and Risk of Developing Lower-Extremity Osteoarthritis
Authors: Gessel Trevor , Harrast Mark A.
Published: September 2019

Whether or not running leads to the development of knee and hip osteoarthritis has been a much-debated topic and is often a question patients pose to their physicians. Recent literature adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that lower-dose running may be protective against the development of osteoarthritis, whereas higher-dose running may increase one's risk of developing lower-extremity osteoarthritis. However, running dose remains challenging to define, leading to difficulty in providing firm recommendations to patients regarding the degree of running which may be safe. Furthermore, when counseling patients regarding their risk of developing lower-extremity osteoarthritis secondary to running, clinicians must consider many additional factors, such as the numerous health benefits from running and individual risk factors for developing osteoarthritis.
Intermittent Fasting and Its Effects on Athletic Performance: A Review
Authors: Levy Emily , Chu Thomas
Published: September 2019

Intermittent fasting (IFast) has been around for most of human history, and its proposed health benefits have been mentioned in ancient civilizations. However, recently, there has been a renewed public interest in IFast. Given the importance of nutrition in optimizing athletic performance, there is a concern about the effects of IFast on athletics. Most of the studies looking at performance and fasting are regarding athletes who observe Ramadan. Looking at high-intensity, endurance, and resistance exercises, studies have been varied but are uniform in showing that there is no benefit to athletic performance while fasting. More long-term studies need to be done to evaluate specific fasting protocols during sport.
Agenda governamental brasileira: uma análise da capacidade e diversidade nas prioridades em políticas públicas no período de 2003 a 2014
Authors: Brasil Felipe Gonçalves , Capella Ana Claudia Niedhardt
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os primeiros resultados da pesquisa conduzida pelo Laboratório de Agenda Governamental no Brasil. Os resultados a serem apresentados e discutidos no trabalho focalizam análises sobre a capacidade e a diversidade da atenção presidencial sobre políticas públicas em três períodos de governo: primeiro e segundo governos Lula e o primeiro governo Dilma. As análises e conclusões corroboram os preceitos teóricos dos estudos de agenda-setting que evidenciam manutenções e mudanças em prioridades de políticas públicas, ou seja, momentos incrementais e momentos de mudança na agenda. Apontam, ainda, para movimentações decisivas na capacidade, diversidade e elasticidade da agenda governamental, causadas, sobretudo, por distintos momentos de fricção institucional e cognitiva nos ambientes doméstico e externo. Demonstram, por fim, que as variações ocorridas nas prioridades da presidência vão muito além de mudanças macrossistêmicas consequentes de alterações partidárias e/ou de caráter partidário-ideológico. Mudanças em prioridades governamentais podem acontecer e, de fato, ocorrem, dentro dos próprios governos e em governos do mesmo partido.
Descentralización subnacional, autonomía y disparidades fiscales en Brasil
Authors: Porto Alberto , Rosales Walter Rubén
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo es un estudio aplicado de finanzas públicas subnacionales enfocado en los aspectos de descentralización, autonomía e incidencia fiscal territorial en Brasil. Se presentan mediciones y estimaciones de descentralización, autonomía e igualdad territorial de oportunidades (de gastos, ingresos propios y transferencias) en el sector subnacional y se evalúa el impacto regional de políticas fiscales alternativas. Los resultados muestran que los Estados y Municipalidades son un conjunto muy heterogéneo, que existen fuertes desequilibrios fiscales horizontales, que las transferencias tienen un componente distributivo que los atenúan, pero no los compensan totalmente, y que puede esperarse un rol creciente de los gobiernos municipales.
KariGhana Alliance: developing a social balanced scorecard to monitor the break-even
Authors: Gadbois Benjamin , Molina David , Petrini Maira , Pozzebon Marlei
Published: September 2019

KariGhana Alliance is a social business operating in the shea industry since 2012. One of the first objectives of the KariGhana Alliance was to bring together women working in the informal shea sector, in order to improve their economic and social situation, as well as their health. In order to be financially sustainable, the company has met with a team of consultants who suggested creating a social balanced scorecard (SBSC). SBSC could serve as an efficient tool to meet the company’s goals: 1) improve the women’s quality of life and 2) to achieve the company’s break-even.
Separar o joio do trigo: o que importa na educação
Authors: Abrucio Fernando Luiz
Published: September 2019

A política educacional brasileira melhorou nas últimas três décadas, mas a situação ainda é ruim. o momento exige escolher prioridades e caminhos calcados em conhecimento científico e em experiência internacional, evitando soluções exóticas e sem fundamento.
Dinheiro × presente: o que vale mais?
Authors: Dana Samy
Published: September 2019

Só o dinheiro é capaz de oferecer exatamente o que o presentado deseja, mas o mundo não obedece apenas às leis da economia.
Aprendendo com o erro
Authors: Wilner Adriana , Dos Santos Aline Lilian
Published: September 2019

“Coloque no arquivo APP”, dizia a mensagem cifrada. “A” significa “2”, e “P”, “5”, um alto executivo explicou aos investigadores. Significava que uma propina de 2,55% havia sido autorizada. Poderia ser um trecho da Lava Jato, mas se trata de um depoimento que fez parte do escândalo de corrupção envolvendo a alemã Siemens, em 2006. À época, descobriu-se que a empresa mantinha um esquema de pagamentos ilegais em diversos países para conseguir contratos de obras públicas.Em meio a multas, baixa nas ações e demissão de executivos, entre eles o então presidente global Klaus Kleinfeld, a empresa criou e instaurou um programa de compliance que se tornou referência para outras corporações e instituições. Uma das primeiras medidas implantadas foi o canal de denúncias, que permitiu, por exemplo, que, dois anos depois do escândalo inicial, um funcionário da filial brasileira trouxesse à tona o pagamento de propinas em obras do Metrô de São Paulo. Hoje, no site nacional da Siemens, o primeiro item que aparece para pesquisa quando se quer conhecer a empresa é compliance.Nesta entrevista à GV-executivo, André Clark, CEO da Siemens no Brasil, revela como a empresa fez para superar o momento difícil e de que forma busca ampliar o conceito de compliance na organização associando o comportamento ético e responsável ao meio ambiente, à diversidade e à sociedade. O executivo também fala sobre as vantagens e os desafios da gestão no atual momento econômico e político do país, além das oportunidades que enxerga no campo da infraestrutura.
O diferencial de ir além
Authors: Orsato Renato , Baraka Simone , De Campos José Guilherme
Published: September 2019

Ao aderirem a iniciativas voluntárias beyond compliance, como os clubes verdes, as organizações conseguem reduzir riscos, proteger sua reputação e alcançar soluções inovadoras para problemas complexos.
No caminho certo
Authors: Verona Carlo
Published: September 2019

Um balanço dos cinco anos de vigência da Lei Anticorrupção brasileira mostra o quanto já avançamos nessa longa jornada de combate a atos ilícitos praticados por pessoas jurídicas contra a administração pública.
O futuro que nos espera
Authors: Tonelli Maria José , Wilner Adriana
Published: September 2019

O tempo circular, a repetição das estações e a inexistência do relógio organizaram a vida cotidiana até meados da Idade Média. Com o advento do relógio, que marcava apenas o horário das rezas nas grandes torres das igrejas, no território que chamamos hoje de Europa, a vida passou a ser organizada também por um tempo chamado linear, infinito. A incorporação do tempo do relógio na vida cotidiana levou vários séculos, e só recentemente o tempo mundial foi unificado, apesar de alguns países ainda guardarem temporalidades diferentes (como China e Israel). A noção de tempo, uma construção humana, passou a guiar a vida nas escolas, no trabalho, no lazer, no transporte, enfim, em todas as atividades do dia a dia.Todavia, esse tempo linear transformou-se no tempo simultâneo dos computadores, que nos bombardeia com informações de toda ordem. Não é possível prever o que vai acontecer quando os humanos incorporarem o tempo simultâneo, mas já podemos sentir o sabor do futuro que nos espera. Milhões de dados podem ser acessados ao mesmo tempo, decisões precisam ser tomadas sem que se possa avaliar a totalidade das informações... Torna-se cada vez mais necessário desenvolver a capacidade de processar e de interpretar dados para decisões em tempo real.
Em busca do investimento sustentável
Authors: Belinky Aron
Published: September 2019

Como a era dos dados abre novas perspectivas para a identificação de negócios afinados com a sustentabilidade.
Inovar pela lei
Authors: Bioni Bruno Ricardo
Published: September 2019

A formação de uma cultura de proteção de dados a partir da nova legislação pode trazer valor agregado para as organizações.
Siga-me
Authors: Bogéa Felipe , Zamith Brito Eliane Pereira , Carvalho Lilian
Published: September 2019

As empresas adotam marketing nas redes sociais não pela racionalidade econômica, mas por influência ou pressão de pares, funcionários, concorrentes e clientes.
Quem quer produtos para durar?
Authors: Monteiro Viviane
Published: September 2019

A obsolescência planejada mudou. Hoje, as pessoas trocam de celular muito antes que este deixe de funcionar, seja por pressão de pares, seja para se atualizarem tecnologicamente.
O fim da fantasia
Authors: Barros Amon Narciso
Published: September 2019

A confiança do mercado no governo cai à medida que se desfaz o mito do líder como alguém que não dialoga e manda da maneira como deseja.
Biological effects of nicotine exposure: A narrative review of the scientific literature
Authors: Price Leonie R. , Martinez Javier
Published: September 2019

The emergence of new tobacco heating products and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) is changing the way humans are exposed to nicotine. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a broad overview of published scientific literature with respect to the effects of nicotine on three key health-related areas: 1) cardiovascular risk, 2) carcinogenesis and 3) reproductive outcomes. These areas are known to be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cigarette smoke, and in addition, nicotine has been hypothesized to play a role in disease pathogenesis. Acute toxicity will also be discussed.

The literature to February 2019 suggests that there is no increased cardiovascular risk of nicotine exposure in consumers who have no underlying cardiovascular pathology. There is scientific consensus that nicotine is not a direct or complete carcinogen, however, it remains to be established whether it plays some role in human cancer propagation and metastasis. These cancer progression pathways have been proposed in modelsin vitroand in transgenic rodent linesin vivobut have not been demonstrated in cases of human cancer.

Further studies are needed to determine whether nicotine is linked to decreased fertility in humans. The results from animal studies indicate that nicotine has the potential to act across many mechanisms during fetal development. More studies are needed to address questions regarding nicotine exposure in humans, and this may lead to additional guidance concerning new ENDS entering the market.