bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Internações por obesidade: Tendências epidemiológicas e impactos na saúde pública
Authors: Saut Melissa Garcia Silva , Morais Sabrina Karen Meneses , Tramontin Katherine Mangili , Maccari Deise Aparecida , Igarashi Ágatha Thomé , Brustolon Lohanne de Lima , Ferreira Antônia Eduarda Moreira , Silva Gabriel Gonçalves Correia da , Santana Amanda Henrique , Ramos Isabelle Schuenck , Macedo Rayonara Franco , Araújo Marcelo Pereira de , Menezes Heloisa Mazetto , Monte Carlos Rodrigo Souza do
Published: September 2024

As internações causadas por obesidade têm se tornado uma preocupação crescente no sistema de saúde, refletindo o impacto desse problema crônico em várias regiões do mundo, incluindo o Brasil. A obesidade, associada a uma série de comorbidades, como doenças cardiovasculares, diabetes e hipertensão, frequentemente leva a complicações que exigem hospitalização. Embora algumas internações sejam programadas, como para cirurgias bariátricas, muitas são resultado do agravamento de condições de saúde. A análise das internações por obesidade é fundamental para entender a magnitude do problema e direcionar políticas públicas para a prevenção e manejo eficaz dessa condição. O objetivo desse trabalho foi descrever um panorama epidemiológico das internações causadas por obesidade no Brasil, no período de 2019 a 2023. Este é um estudo de séries temporais, que usou dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares (SIH) do DATASUS. Essa fonte abrangente oferece uma visão detalhada das internações causadas por obesidade no Brasil. As conclusões deste estudo indicam que, apesar de uma redução significativa nas internações por obesidade nos últimos cinco anos, a carga dessa condição ainda é expressiva no Brasil, com destaque para as regiões Sudeste e Sul, que concentram a maioria dos casos. As mulheres brancas, especialmente nas faixas etárias de 30 a 49 anos, são as mais afetadas, o que sugere a necessidade de estratégias de prevenção e tratamento direcionadas a esse grupo. A predominância de internações eletivas reforça a importância de uma abordagem preventiva e de planejamento no manejo da obesidade, evitando complicações graves e internações de urgência. Esses resultados ressaltam a relevância de políticas públicas eficazes, maior acesso a cuidados de saúde e programas educativos voltados para a prevenção e controle da obesidade, visando melhorar a qualidade de vida da população e reduzir o impacto dessa condição no sistema de saúde.
Maxillary first molar with extra palatal canals
Authors: EL MASRIL Souheir Saad , ABIAD Roula
Published: September 2024

Knowledge of the root canal anatomy and its variations is essential for successful completion of the endodontic treatment. Root canal treatment of maxillary first molars with aberrant canal configuration can be challenging. The incidence of two palatal canals in a palatal root is quite rare and had never been reported among Lebanese population. This manuscript reviews the incidence of maxillary molars with two palatal root canals reported in the literature as well as reporting the endodontic management of a maxillary first molar having two canals in the palatal root one mesial and another distal, in addition to one mesiobuccal and one distobuccal canals for a Lebanese patient.
Adverse Effects of Botulinum Toxin type-A injections in masticatory muscles on underlying bone and cartilage: a literature review
Authors: HADDAD Camille , MRAD Stephanie , El NAJJAR Georges
Published: September 2024

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injections in masticatory muscles are used to treat numerous clinical conditions. This neurotoxin causes atrophy and transient paralysis of the concerned muscles.The aim of this review is to gather and define the effects of BTA injections in masticatory muscles on the underlying cartilage and bone structures.Electronic search of Medline and Google scholar databases covering the period between January 2007 and July 2019 was carried out. Eligible articles were selected according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Fourteen articles were included. BTA injections may cause short term reduction of cortical bone thickness and trabeculation. On the long term, cartilage volume reduction and bone volume loss were evident on the condyle and mandibular angle, at bothinjected and non-injected mandibular bone structures. Bone mineral density remained unaffected when only one masticatory muscle was injected but was reduced when several masticatory muscles were treated with BTA. Several cellular and molecular alterations were noticed in some articles.Because of evidence of irreversible negative effects of BTA on the underlying structures, possible muscle, bone and cartilage volume reduction should be communicated to the patients prior to any intervention. Further studies are needed to fully understand the cellular mechanisms and molecular responses behind this phenomenon.
Bone regeneration using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) in a crestal sinus elevation technique: a histological and histomorphometrical pilot study
Authors: ABBOUD Hala , KASSIR Abdel Rahman , KHALIL Sara , SAADÉ Joseph , CHAKAR Carole
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to evaluate the percentage of new bone formation (NBF) and residual bone substitute following the use of a bovine demineralized xenograft (DBBM) in a sinus floor crestal approach elevation technique.
Materials and methods: Nine patients with unilateral or bilateral edentulous sites with less than 2 mm residual bone height under the sinus, were included in this study. Future site development was performed using deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) as graft material. In the second stage, performed after 6 to 9 months, nine implants were placed after harvesting bone biopsies from the regenerated sites. Histological and histomorphometric analysis were then undertaken to assess the regenerated bone.
Results: All the implants were placed successfully after 6 to 9 months following sinus floor elevation technique for future site development without any complications. The average percentage of new bone formation and residual bone substitute were of 24.37 % ± 13.12 % and 5.87 % ± 8.38 %, respectively.
Conclusion: Within the validity of this crestal approach in the treatment of the subantral region presenting 2 mm or less residual bone height, the DBBM has proved to be a osteoconductive biomaterials in bone regeneration procedures.
Periodontal Microbiome Part I: A Literature Review
Authors: CHAKAR Carole , MENASSA Gabriel , KHAYAT Roudy
Published: September 2024

Periodontal disease is one of the most chronic infectious diseases, it is initiated by a reversible inflammatory condition called gingivitis, if untreated, it progresses to an irreversible condition called periodontitis, if not resolved, it leads to tooth loss. Periodontitis is a multifactorial disease, one of these factors is the periodontal microbiome. Consequently, the microbiome is altered according to the host state i.e., health, gingivitis, periodontitis. The microbiome in health is comprised of a variety of microorganisms called health-associated species. They consist of gram-positive cocci and rod with gram-negative species. In this state, the microbiome participates in various physiological functions. While in gingivitis, the microbiome shifts in its composition and can now initiate an inflammatory condition. While in periodontitis, the microbiome is changed to a state where new microorganisms emerge which initiate a periodontal tissue destruction phenomenon. These microorganisms are referred to disease-associated species. Environmental factors are present in which they alter the microbiome composition. Smoking and diabetes were one of the strong extrinsic factors that negatively shape the microbiome into a more aggressive form. Individuals with poor glycemic control or consume tobacco products are more prone to periodontal diseases because their microbiome is rich in bacterial complexes which negatively affects the periodontium. The effect of antibiotic consumption on the microbiome was more or less advantageous, it was observed that not all antibiotics affect the microbiome composition.
The Clinical Practice of Oral Medicine in Specialty Dental Centres of Kuwait
Authors: ALSARRAF Abdulhameed , ALFADALAH Qutaibah
Published: September 2024

This article aims to define the current state of clinical practice pertaining to the specialty of oral medicine in Kuwait, and to provide recommendations for future modeling of the clinical practice of oral medicine. An overview of the dental specialties organisational framework will be illustrated with view of current administrative and clinical protocols. Future directions are explained for promoting specialty recognition to improve quality of care while avoiding the many impediments relevant to the clinical practice of oral medicine in Kuwait.
Effect of the Implant Macro-Design on Primary Stability: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: ZAAROUR Joseph , CHRABIEH Emile , RAMEH Stephanie , KHOURY Antoine , YOUNES Ronald
Published: September 2024

Aim of the study: Comparing the impact of two different implant macro-designs on the primary stability.
Material and methods: Patients received implants in the lower posterior jaw (bone type II and III). Two different macro-design implants were inserted randomly in accordance with a conventional drilling protocol, the first one is the hybrid self-tapping implant: Straumann® bone level BL and the second one is tapered self-tapping implant: Straumann® bone level tapered BLT.16 implants (3.3 and 4.1 mm diameter, length between 8 and 10 mm) of each of the two above-mentioned implants were used. The assessment of the primary stability of each implant design was carried out by using two methods, recording the maximum insertion torque IT (DTA device) and recording the implant stability quotient ISQ using the resonance frequency analysis RFA (with the Osstell device).
Results: Within the limitation of the present study, in all bone types, BLT implants showed significantly higher mean insertion torque IT when compared to BL with respectively 46.67±6.85 Ncm for BLT implants and 35.77±6.72 Ncm for BL implants (p=0.01 as per the Anova test), and higher mean ISQ with respectively 77.15±5.16 and 70.74±4.83. (p=0.01 as per the Anova test).
Conclusion: In type II and III bone, the tapered self-tapping implant (Straumann® BLT) statistically showed better primary stability when compared to hybrid self-tapping implant: Straumann® bone level BL. Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that the implant Macro-Design might be considered as a reliable parameter to achieve acceptable primary stability of dental implants in areas with low bone density. In the present study, the two methods used to assess the primary stability of the different macro-designs, torque assessment and the resonance frequency analysis RFA, showed a weak correlation. The macro-geometry is basically made to satisfy the needs in some critical bone situations and in immediate loading protocol.
Editorial
Authors: KHOURY Elie
Published: September 2024

As we all know “The International Arab Journal of Dentistry” (IAJD), is the official Journal of the Association of Arab Dental Faculties. This Journal, published biannually, is fighting to evolve in its natural environment being the Arab Dental Faculties, in the presence of tremendous worldwide competition. Since 2021 we were determined to move our journal to the next level...
An update of additive manufacturing (3D printing) technology in dentistry
Authors: AL-FODEH Rami S. , AL-WAHADNI Ahed , OTMAN Baker , ALMASRI Mahmoud
Published: September 2024

Background: The development of procedures known as additive manufacturing, which aim to produce more complex items with a lower overall material consumption compared to processes known as subtractive manufacturing. In addition, in recent years there has been a significant rise in the quantity of dental materials that are produced via the use of these techniques. As a consequence of this, scientific research has been concentrating more and more on such technologies, particularly in order to shed light on the methodology, indicators, and boundaries of the emerging technology.
Methods: The purpose of this paper is to provide a narrative assessment of the state-of-the-art in the area of these popular additive manufacturing methods, as well as the appropriate dental applications, by using scientific literature analysis and references to the authors’ clinical experience. In addition, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the appropriate dental applications.
Results: The end result was a tremendous amount of data, most of it is conflicting, is now available for viewing. In tests conducted both in vitro and in vivo, the following additive manufacturing procedures were shown to be effective: Milling results in a number of negative side effects, including the loss of material, increased costs associated with equipment maintenance, and wasted production time. Additive manufacturing, often known as 3D printing, allows for the production of prostheses and models at a quicker rate and with less waste material.
Conclusions: In order to successfully manufacture complex component geometries, CAM configuration and process design must be carefully considered. As a consequence of this, the speed at which the process is carried out is of equal importance to the interaction between the individual components. When dealing with geometry that is more complicated, 3D printing beats CAM.
Recent innovations and technological advancements in Dentistry and Medicine
Authors: RAJARAM MOHAN Karthik , MATHEW FENN Saramma , PETHAGOUNDER THANGAVELU Ravikumar
Published: September 2024

The newer innovations play an important role in the earlier diagnosis of dental caries based on near-infrared transillumination imaging such as Diagnocam and Soprocare intraoral digital cameras, which aid in the diagnosis of dental caries and also differentiate old and newer dental plaques, respectively. Nanoparticles used as carriers for effective and targeted drug therapies in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and candidiasis among chronic denture wearers provided better-increased bioavailability than oral formulations. Artificial intelligence (AI) uses machines to simulate intelligent human behavior. Augmented reality has been presented as a cognitive extension of AI in health care, emphasizing the auxiliary and supplemental roles of dental and medical practitioners. The article enlightens readers with newer diagnostic methods in dentistry and medicine and innovations such as Surface Topography-Assisted Robotic Superstructures (STARS), Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Ligand Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PSMA-PETCT), toothbrushes with augmented reality, new hydrogel-based electrodes for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) applications, and robotics in dentistry.
Development of Augmented Reality Media to Grow Numerical Literacy of Elementary School Students
Authors: Nafian Muhammad Ilman
Published: September 2024

The use of augmented reality (AR) in education has shown potential to improve primary school students' numeracy skills. However, AR research for elementary school geometry is still rare. This study aims to develop augmented reality (AR)-based interactive learning media using the assembler edu platform to improve students' numeracy literacy in geometry subjects. The development method uses ADDIE, the research stages include needs analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The needs analysis identified problems such as the lack of interactive learning materials and students' difficulties in understanding geometry material. At the design stage, the storyboard and flowchart are made using assembler applications. Media development is done by combining components such as materials, geometry images, animations, and music. Implementation is done through trials by material experts, media experts, and field practitioners, as well as small group and large group trials. The evaluation results show that the developed media has high validity with a percentage of 92% from material experts and 88% from media experts, as well as a significant increase in student numeracy literacy with the percentage of completeness increasing from 6.15% (pre-test) to 79.8% (post-test). With an N-Gain Score of 0.52, this media is proven effective and feasible to use as an additional learning resource.. Recommendations for future research include developing content for other topics, testing in different conditions, and improving interactive features.
Cross-Cultural Poetics: Exploring the Impact of Poetry Teaching Methods on Enhancing Cultural Comprehension in Chinese Language Education in Japan and Korea
Authors: Cao Xinyun , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2024

This study explores the effectiveness of poetry teaching in enhancing students' cultural understanding within Chinese language education in Japan and South Korea. From the perspective of cross-cultural education, this paper analyzes the teaching methods of poetry, a core element of Chinese language education, in Japanese and Korean classrooms, focusing on phonetic learning methods and historical cultural background teaching methods. By combining qualitative and quantitative research approaches, the study examines the impact of different teaching methods on students' language proficiency and cultural understanding. The research subjects include Chinese language students from Korea University and Kyoto University, with data collected through various methods such as classroom observations, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires. The study concludes that both the historical cultural background poetry teaching method and the phonetic learning method significantly enhance students' cultural understanding within Chinese language education. This research provides new recommendations for poetry teaching in Chinese education in Japan and South Korea, as well as for improving students' literary literacy and aesthetic appreciation abilities
Situación del gato montés europeo (Felis silvestris) en la provincia de Cádiz
Authors: Gómez-Chicano Francisco Javier , Ferreras Pablo , Briones Eduardo
Published: September 2024

The situation of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris) in the Iberian Peninsula differs between the northern populations, mostly healthy, and the centre-southern populations, with mainly regressive trends or scarcely known situations. Cádiz province is one of these zones where the species situation is little known. Therefore, we aimed with this work to assess the situation of the European wildcat in the province of Cádiz, through the study focussed on public and private estates in the natural parks of Los Alcornocales and Sierra de Grazalema. We employed several methodologies to detect the species: 1) camera-trapping (240 camera with attractants), 2) information of historical records by searching the bibliography and on the internet, 3) a questionnaire to environmental rangers (Agentes de Medio Ambiente) of the whole province on the presence of wildcat and other mesocarnivores, and 4) data on road kills of carnivores occurring on provincial roads. During the five years of study (2018-2023) we obtained 5,184 independent records of mesocarnivores from camera-trapping, including eight wild and one domestic species, but no wildcat records. The most recent reliable records found corresponded to year 2000, in agreement with the results from the questionnaire to environmental rangers. We did neither find road kill records of the species on provincial roads during the last three years. According to the results from the different methodologies, we conclude that the Cádiz wildcat population could either be already extinct or close to extinction.
Fitspiration – zdrowy tryb życia czy fit obsesja? Przegląd literatury i badań
Authors: Kierońska-Olszewska Karolina
Published: September 2024

We współczesnym świecie media społecznościowe odgrywają istotną rolę w kształtowaniu stylu życia jednostek. Kobiety oceniane są głównie ze względu na swój wizerunek i starają się sprostać zmieniającym się normom piękna. Nadmierne dyscyplinowanie kobiecych ciał doprowadziło do sytuacji, w której zaburzenia odżywiania zostały uznane za chorobę cywilizacyjną (Wojnarska, 2019). Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie głównych wniosków z badań medialnych przekazów dotyczących trendu fitspiration w latach 2016–2023. Autorka poddała analizie recenzowane artykuły naukowe w języku angielskim, korzystając z baz ScienceDirect, EBSCO oraz Google Scholar. Na ich podstawie można wnioskować, że fitspiration jest rozwijającym się, niebezpiecznym trendem cyfrowym. Pomimo jego prozdrowotnych cech większość badań wskazuje na negatywny aspekt powiązany z niezadowoleniem z ciała oraz niekorzystnymi zachowaniami żywieniowymi młodych kobiet. Uznano również, że obrazy fit sylwetek wywierają na kobiety silną presję. Co więcej, stwierdzono, że proces samoizolacji spowodowanej pandemią zwiększył popularność social mediów promujących negatywne treści fitspiration (Cataldo et al., 2022).
„Ale dlaczego dwaj do ciebie mówią »kochanie«?”. Konsensualna niemonogamia w Polsce w perspektywie antropologicznej
Authors: Stasińska Antonina
Published: September 2024

Artykuł podejmuje temat konsensualnej niemonogamii jako nowego dla antropologii obszaru badań nad intymnymi związkami w czasach ponowoczesności. Tematyka ta jest obecnie zdominowana przede wszystkim przez psychologię i socjologię. Podejście antropologiczne oparte na badaniach etnograficznych może pozwolić na lepsze zrozumienie tego zjawiska. Etnografia umożliwia ujęcie zróżnicowanych strategii i praktyk podejmowanych przez ludzi żyjących w sposób niemonogamiczny. Podejście antropologiczne, które z założenia stawia w centrum indywidualne doświadczenie ludzkie osadzone w kontekście kulturowym, ma szansę poszerzyć rozumienie pojęć takich jak zazdrość, związek/przyjaźń czy rodzina. Autorka, analizując rozwój między innymi określeń: niemonogamia, poligamia czy rodzina monogamiczna, przygląda się nurtom początków antropologii, a następnie krytycznie czyta je w odniesieniu do dzisiejszego świata społecznego oraz własnych badań terenowych prowadzonych w Polsce wśród kobiet żyjących we współczesnych związkach konsensualnie niemonogamicznych.
Edukacja w erze cyfrowej: adaptacja procesu kształcenia z wykorzystaniem potencjału wirtualnej rzeczywistości
Authors: Smolak Agata
Published: September 2024

Współczesna edukacja staje wobec wyzwań związanych z indywidualizacją nauczania oraz rozwijaniem kluczowych umiejętności miękkich u uczniów. W odpowiedzi na te potrzeby artykuł przedstawia analizę zastosowania technologii wirtualnej rzeczywistości (VR) w edukacji jako skutecznej platformy do osiągnięcia tych celów. VR pozwala na stworzenie realistycznych i angażujących doświadczeń, które umożliwiają personalizację materiałów i zadań edukacyjnych, a także wspierają rozwój kompetencji miękkich. Dzięki wirtualnym środowiskom uczniowie mogą eksplorować, powtarzać i podejmować decyzje w procesie nauki, co zwiększa zaangażowanie i skuteczność przyswajania wiedzy. Ponadto VR umożliwia ćwiczenie umiejętności interpersonalnych przez interakcję z wirtualnymi postaciami i symulację różnych scenariuszy. Artykuł przedstawia również wyzwania związane z implementacją VR w edukacji, takie jak koszty, dostępność sprzętu i potrzeba szkoleń dla nauczycieli. Zaproponowane są potencjalne rozwiązania tych problemów, takie jak dofinansowanie, współdzielenie zasobów sprzętowych między szkołami i organizowanie szkoleń dla nauczycieli. W zakończeniu artykuł podkreśla znaczenie dalszych badań i rozwoju w dziedzinie VR w edukacji, aby lepiej wykorzystać potencjał tej technologii i przyczynić się do lepszego dostosowania edukacji do potrzeb i umiejętności uczniów.
A statistical interpretation of a market demand curve for a commodity obeying the law of demand
Authors: Lahiri Somdeb
Published: September 2024

In this note we provide a statistical interpretation of the Marshallian market demand curve of a commodity that obeys the law of demand and which has a finite and positive level of satiation. A consequence of our approach is that in the context of two goods, we are able to obtain demand functions which are very similar to those obtained by “budget-constrained Cobb–Douglas utility maximization”, but now as a result of a “budget-constrained linear utility maximization” exercise, although our budget constraint is “slightly different” from the one that would be used for the former optimization problem.
Hedging the investment portfolio with derivatives present on the Polish market
Authors: Bernat Tomasz , Ruszkiewicz Robert
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the evolving nature of the capital market in the second and third decades of the 21st century, characterized by its widespread accessibility to individual investors. Howthe study investigates practical methods to minimize risk, focusing on the limited availability of derivatives in the Polish capital market. The research develops and tests an investment portfolio, drawing on Markowitz’s portfolio construction theory and Hull’s hedging strategy. The Polish conditions using available tools and strategies.
Fighting recent inflation: An empirical literature review of monetary and governmental policies
Authors: Haar Christof
Published: September 2024

Inflation is a crucial issue for businesses and households, central banks and governments, in fact for all economic actors, as it has a strong impact on economic growth and welfare. This literature review captures how monetary policy and governmental policy can control inflation, how their measures work, and which are the key points to consider when conducting these policies, especially in times of crisis. It uses academic papers from the past eight decades, supplemented by publications from financial and economic institutions, but focuses on literature beginning with the 2000s to capture the latest methods and techniques to find out what drives inflation and how. Monetary policy and governmental policy should act together to effectively fight inflation. Monetary policy can have adverse effects on governments’ future tax revenues and debt-to-GDP ratios. Fiscal policy measures should be associated with altered government spending to avoid high inflation rates and/or high debt burdens in the future. Especially during and right after crises, measures have to be evaluated as too long support can fuel inflation in the future. Both parties should also take into account people’s inflation expectations, as these shape their economic behaviour.
Human birth tissue products as a non-opioid medicine to inhibit post-surgical pain
Authors: Zhang Chi , Huang Qian , Ford Neil C , Limjunyawong Nathachit , Lin Qing , Yang Fei , Cui Xiang , Uniyal Ankit , Liu Jing , Mahabole Megha , He Hua , Wang Xue-Wei , Duff Irina , Wang Yiru , Wan Jieru , Zhu Guangwu , Raja Srinivasa N , Jia Hongpeng , Yang Dazhi , Dong Xinzhong , Cao Xu , Tseng Scheffer C , He Shao-Qiu , Guan Yun
Published: September 2024

Pain after surgery causes significant suffering. Opioid analgesics cause severe side effects and accidental death. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop non-opioid therapies for managing post-surgical pain. Local application of Clarix Flo (FLO), a human amniotic membrane (AM) product, attenuated established post-surgical pain hypersensitivity without exhibiting known side effects of opioid use in mice. This effect was achieved through direct inhibition of nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons via CD44-dependent pathways. We further purified the major matrix component, the heavy chain-hyaluronic acid/pentraxin 3 (HC-HA/PTX3) from human AM that has greater purity and water solubility than FLO. HC-HA/PTX3 replicated FLO-induced neuronal and pain inhibition. Mechanistically, HC-HA/PTX3 induced cytoskeleton rearrangements to inhibit sodium current and high-voltage activated calcium current on nociceptive neurons, suggesting it is a key bioactive component mediating pain relief. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of naturally derived biologics from human birth tissues as an effective non-opioid treatment for post-surgical pain and unravel the underlying mechanisms.
Transcriptome analysis of Citrus Aurantium L. to study synephrine biosynthesis during developmental stages
Authors: Zhong Can , Yang Xitao , Niu Juan , Zhou Xin , Zhou Jiahao , Pan Gen , Sun Zhimin , Chen Jianhua , Cao Ke , Luan Mingbao
Published: September 2024

Citrus aurantium L., sometimes known as “sour orange,” is an important Chinese herb with young, immature fruits, or “zhishi,” that are high in synephrine. Synephrine is a commonly utilized natural chemical with promising applications in effectively increasing metabolism, heat expenditure, energy level, oxidative fat, and weight loss. However, little is known about the genes and pathways involved in synephrine production during the critical developmental stages of C. aurantium L., which limits the development of the industry. According to this study, the concentration of synephrine gradually decreased as the fruit developed. Transcriptome sequencing was used to examine the DEGs associated with synephrine connections and served as the foundation for creating synephrine-rich C. aurantium L. Comparisons conducted between different developmental stages to obtain DEGs, and the number of DEGs varied from 690 to 3,019. Tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, phenylalanine, and tyrosine metabolism were the main KEGG pathways that were substantially enriched. The results showed that 25 genes among these KEGG pathways may be related to synephrine synthesis. The WGCNA and one-way ANOVA analysis adoption variance across the groups suggested that 11 genes might play a crucial role in synephrine synthesis and should therefore be further analyzed. We also selected six DEGs at random and analyzed their expression levels by RT-qPCR, and high repeatability and reliability were demonstrated by our finished RNA-seq study results. These results may be useful in selecting or modifying genes to increase the quantity of synephrine in sour oranges.
Otellos apropiados: Un análisis comparativo de traducciones del Otello de Rossini en fuentes iberoamericanas del siglo XIX
Authors:   , Curtis Kathleen
Published: September 2024

La presente investigación de magíster examina el rol de libretos y partituras traducidas al español durante el siglo XIX en Chile, mediante un análisis comparativo de traducciones de la ópera Otello de Rossini, realizadas tanto en Chile como en España. Durante este periodo, las puestas en escena realizadas por compañías europeas en el territorio de Latinoamérica eran bastante escasas, por lo tanto, los libretos y reducciones de las óperas a voces y piano, representaban el modo más accesible, a través del cual un público interesado podía acercarse a óperas europeas de sus compositores favoritos.Incorporando evidencia de análisis de prensa, álbumes musicales y libretos de la época, esta tesis demuestra cómo una audiencia en Chile podía aproximarse al texto de Otello de Rossini, sin necesariamente haber presenciado una performance de la misma ópera. Mediante la utilización de la teoría del Escopo, demuestro cómo las distintas traducciones modifican el texto original, considerando el objeto al cuál se está adaptando y el público objetivo. Más aún, tomando como figura central el personaje de Desdémona, expongo como su personaje en particular es cambiado dependiendo del texto al que se traduce.
Estrategia de Gestión del Cambio y Plan de Comunicación Integral para Educación Continua del Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación de la U. de Chile
Authors:   , Lecaros Carreño María Verónica
Published: September 2024

Consiste en implementar una Estrategia de Gestión del Cambio y un Plan de Comunicación Integral para fortalecer Educación Continua del DCC de la Universidad de Chile, con el objetivo de aumentar su visibilidad, valoración, mejorar la comprensión y percepción de los stakeholders, incrementar la matrícula y aumentar la satisfacción de los estudiantes, todo ello a través de un diagnóstico exhaustivo, un Plan de Acción detallado, implementación, evaluación y monitoreo continuo, y mitigación de riesgos potenciales.
Reacondicionamiento del generador GEPOPU y experimentos de colisiones de flujos de plasmas contra objetos sólidos
Authors:   , Díaz Pacheco Juan Pablo José
Published: September 2024

En esta tesis se presenta el reacondicionamiento del generador GEPOPU de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile de modo de utilizarlo para experimentos de ísica del plasma y se presentan resultados de colisiones de flujos de plasma contra objetos sólidos.Se confeccionó un banco de condensadores Marx con valores de inductancia y capacitancia de LMarx = 2.57±0.02 μH y CMarx = 3.66±0.02 nF respectivamente, acoplado a una línea de transmisión de modo de comprimir el pulso. Se montaron diagnósticos eléctricos de modo de medir el voltaje y la corriente generado por el pulso, con los cuales se obtuvo un pulso en cortocircuito de Imax = 163 ± 5 kA y tiempo de subida de 122 ± 4 ns con una tasa de corriente dI/dt = 1.34 ± 0.06 · 10^12 A/s.Utilizando este generador y a modo de estudiar fenómenos de choques en un contexto de objetos astrofísicos, se montó un arreglo de alambres inverso, lo que produjo un flujo de plasma el cual se hizo colisionar con un objetivo plano de mica y se logró generar un choque supersónico tipo bowshock. En este nuevo montaje se logró producir un pulso de corriente máxima de Imax = 192±4 kA en 102±2 ns con una tasa dI/dt = 1.88±0.05 · 10^12 A/s. De forma de medir la densidad electrónica del choque se montó un diagnóstico óptico refractivo de interferometría mediante un láser (Nd:YAG 4 ns, 532 nm) el cual incidió en el arreglo. Resultados de los mapas de densidad de los choques nos permitieron medir el número de Mach M para la velocidad del flujo del plasma y el ´índice adiabático γ, el cual nos da indicios del proceso de enfriamiento del choque el cual puede ser adiabático con γ = 5/3 o radiativo con γ < 5/3, obteniendo valores de M = 1.7 − 1.9 y γ = 1.3 − 1.9 para disparos en un tiempo de ∼ 200ns después de la subida de corriente.Por otro lado, resultados utilizando dos objetivos de mica generaron dos choques simultáneamente, lo que permitió estudiar la zona de interacción entre ambos. Se logró calcular el ´angulo crítico ϕcrit de interacción indicador de la generación de un Mach stem, y comparándolo con mediciones directas del ´angulo de incidencia entre los choques, se obtuvo que los ´angulos de incidencia fueron mayores a los ´angulos críticos calculados, indicando la producción de un Mach stem. La mayor fuente de error se asocia a la medición del ´ángulo del cono de Mach, el cual tuvo una dispersión bastante significativa (∼ 35±8◦). A futuro se pretende acoplar un prepulso a GEPOPU de manera de generar una columna de plasma por la cual circulará el pulso principal, acelerando más fácilmente el flujo. Futuros diagnósticos incluyen medición de velocidad y temperatura del plasma de manera de determinar la colisionalidad del choque, el cual es un parámetro relevante si se quiere comparar con fenómenos astrofísicos.
ircraft maintenance scheduling under uncertain task processing time
Authors:   , Villafranca Schwarzenberg Matías Alberto
Published: September 2024

Los atrasos inesperados en la ejecución de tareas de mantenimiento de aeronaves pueden producir costosas disrupciones operativas para las aerolíneas, incluyendo atraso en vuelos, impactando significativamente sus operaciones y gastos. En este estudio, abordamos la incertidumbre en los tiempos de procesamiento de las tareas de mantenimiento y diseñamos horarios de mantenimiento de aeronaves costo-eficientes mediante programación estocástica de dos etapas. En la primera etapa, determinamos las tareas diarias a ejecutar en cada aeronave, especificando su tiempo de inicio, base de mantenimiento y técnico asignado. En la segunda etapa, ajustamos el tiempo de inicio de cada tarea y el horario de despegue de cada vuelo según los tiempos de procesamiento de tareas realizados. Nuestro objetivo es minimizar los costos esperados incurridos por tareas de mantenimiento tercerizadas, horas extras de los técnicos y atrasos en los vuelos. Para resolver nuestro modelo, diseñamos una heurística de Búsqueda Local Iterativa Adaptativa que explora soluciones de primera etapa con una evaluación eficiente del costo de la segunda etapa. Probamos nuestro enfoque en un conjunto de instancias simuladas computacionalmente. Nuestro modelo y solución propuestos generan ahorros promedios del 77% y 45%, respectivamente, en comparación con un enfoque determinístico que asume tiempos esperados de procesamiento de tareas y con una solución conservadora que asume los máximos tiempos de procesamiento posibles. Además, obtenemos un ahorro promedio del 12% en comparación con una solución benchmark que planea las tareas de mantenimiento con un buffer de tiempo optimizado. También, estudiamos el impacto en el costo de variar los parámetros estructurales, como la granularidad de las tareas, la variabilidad de los tiempos de procesamiento, la carga de trabajo y la estructura de costos.
Enhancing CLIL Teacher-training In Preschool Education Through R2L Implementation
Authors:   , Gahona Rojas Nicole
Published: September 2024

This action research aims to enhance the quality of teacher-training for preschool teachers in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) program. The study was conducted in a teacher-training course for preschool teachers from three public schools in Santiago, all participating in a bilingual project. The course aims to provide teaching strategies for preschool non-EFL teachers to integrate content and language knowledge in their classrooms. This study addresses the challenges identified in CLIL training by proposing a more effective integration of content and language, specifically through a pedagogic approach known as Reading to Learn (R2L).The general objective of this study is to implement the R2L approach as a method for providing effective CLIL teacher training in preschool education, by fostering meaningful pedagogic interactions and activities. The objective is achieved through action research methodology. The intervention provided workshops that teaches R2L as an explicit teaching approach that guides the development of CLIL activities in preschool classrooms. The R2L pedagogy was taught using the scaffolding principles informed by the genre-based pedagogy, including modelling and deconstruction of the R2L pedagogy, joint planning, before participants’ individual practice in the preschool classrooms. The impact of the intervention is assessed through two different types of data – that are the recording of participant’s teaching performances, and one- on-one interviews with the participants.The analysis of participants’ performances revealed that R2L helped preschool teachers develop teaching activities that integrated content and language effectively. Additionally, it supported teachers in creating effective pedagogic interactions in the classroom. Analysis of teacher interviews revealed that R2L provided an explicit approach to work with CLIL in very young learners, they highlighted the usefulness of having a script to guide their interactions, together with the support of multimodal resources. However, they acknowledge that further training was needed to improve proficiency and interaction in L2 in the future.This study contributes to the teacher-training program by developing understanding of the R2L approach for preschool teachers in CLIL contexts. The results demonstrate that enhancing teachers’ knowledge about language can lead to a systematic understanding of the linguistic characteristics present in texts, providing an explicit framework for developing pedagogic approaches that address both content and language knowledge with EFL learners.
Relationship between Gerotranscendence and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Elderly Population in Tertiary Care Hospital, Wardha, Maharashtra: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gabada Dolly , Khubchandani Sheetal , Paul Priyanka , Reche Amit
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Gerotranscendence represents a shift in metaperspective, transitioning from a materialistic and rational outlook to a more cosmic and transcendent one. This phase fosters resilience in older individuals, enabling them to overcome the challenges and despondency associated with ageing, thereby promoting a positive embrace of the ageing process. Remarkably, individuals with high levels of gerotranscendence, even in the presence of poor oral health, demonstrate the capacity to cope and adapt to their circumstances. This adaptive capability may contribute to an enhancement in their self-reported Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL). Aim: To evaluate the relationship between gerotranscendence and OHRQoL among the elderly population in the Vidarbha region. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a 6-month period from March 2023 to August 2023 in collaboration with the Department of Prosthodontics and the Department of Public Health Dentistry at the Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra on 350 participants. The study included volunteers aged ≥70 years, residing in homes or old age homes, and those visiting tertiary healthcare centers. Methodologically, data collection employed a self-made organised proforma. Oral examinations were conducted using Type III inspections with a mouth mirror. Gerotranscendence was assessed using the Gerotranscendence Scale Type 2 (GST2), which was validated and translated into Marathi. The Geriatric OHRQoL was evaluated using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), also translated into Marathi. The study used Chi-square tests for categorical variables and Pearson’s and Spearman’s tests for correlation analyses. Results: The average gerotranscendence score was 23.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.96, 23.94), reflecting a mid-level of gerotranscendence, indicating that the gerotranscendence score was neither low nor high. According to Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests, the gerotranscendence score was significantly positively correlated with age and self-perceived need for treatment. The mean GOHAI score was 40.16 (95% CI: 39.55, 40.76). A substantial positive association between the GOHAI and self-perceived need for treatment was found using Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation tests. When comparing gerotranscendence and GOHAI, Pearson and Spearman correlation tests revealed a significant positive association (p<0.001). Conclusion: Gerotranscendence was significantly positively correlated with OHRQoL, independent of objective oral status. Despite having poor oral health, elderly individuals with high levels of gerotranscendence may be better able to handle and adapt to their circumstances, which could result in an improvement in self-reported OHRQoL.
Ayurvedic Management of Pakshmashata (Madarosis): A Case Report
Authors: Bansal Priyal , Sarvade Dattatray , Nycy BS , Sheikh Mohammed Farhan
Published: September 2024

Madarosis is characterised by either complete or partial loss of eyebrow or eyelash hair. Hair loss occurs due to interrupted blood supply to that region. In contemporary medicine, the management of madarosis includes hair transplant surgery or the use of steroids. There is no direct correlation to madarosis in Ayurveda; however, concepts like “Pakshmashata” described by Acharya Vagbhata exhibit symptoms that closely resemble this condition. In the present case report, a 30-year-old female patient presented to the Outpatient Department (OPD) of Kayachikitsa, complaining of sudden hair loss over the past month, accompanied by itching and a burning sensation in the affected area. A physical examination was conducted, and the patient was diagnosed with Pakshmashata. The treatment included Asthi Majja Pachak Kwath (a decoction for bone and bone marrow tissues), along with Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia) and Haridra (Curcuma longa), as well as a local paste (lepa). Jaloka Avcharan (leech therapy) was administered to the patient twice a month. For local application, Snehana (oil massage) with Eranda (Ricinus communis), taila was used three times a day. Significant improvement in hair growth in the affected area was observed during follow-ups on the 45th and 60th days.
Radiological Evaluation of Huntington’s Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Debnath Soumyabrata , Harshith R
Published: September 2024

Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative condition inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, where Gamma Amino Butyric Acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons in the basal ganglia progressively deteriorate. Symptoms include subcortical dementia, behavioural changes, midlife psychosis, and involuntary choreoathetosis movements. Imaging techniques like Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) show shrinkage of the caudate nucleus and putamen, alongside enlarged lateral ventricles. Diagnosis is confirmed through molecular analysis identifying the hallmark amplified Cytosine Adenine Guanine (CAG) triplet. The case report describes a 57-year-old female diagnosed with HD, presenting symptoms of accidental falls caused by involuntary jerky movements, along with behavioural changes and cognitive decline over three years. Initial Non Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) of the brain revealed bilateral basal ganglia and diffuse cerebral atrophy. Quantitative analysis indicated a decreased frontal horn width to intercaudate distance (FH/CC) ratio of 1.24 and an increased Intercaudate distance to inner table width (CC/IT) ratio of 0.30. Multivoxel Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) showed reduced N-Acetyl Alanine (NAA) and creatine (Cr) levels with an NAA/Cr ratio of 0.84. Magnetic Resonance Tractography and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) revealed elevated Fractional Anisotropy (FA) and diffusivity in the basal ganglia, and reduced FA with increased diffusivity in white matter tracts. Genetic analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed HD. Newer MRI like DTI allows early identification of disease and better assessment of disease progression and response to therapy. A multidisciplinary approach involving neurologists, psychiatrists, and other healthcare professionals is essential. Genetic counseling and psychosocial support are crucial for patients and their families. Early and accurate identification of HD is vital for timely interventions and improved symptom control.