bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal and psychosocial antecedents of anxiety and depression in extremely low gestational age newborns at age 15 years
Authors: Jalnapurkar Isha , Oran Ali , Frazier Jean A. , Cochran David , Kim Sohye , Jensen Elizabeth , Joseph Robert , Hooper Stephen R. , Santos Hudson , Jara Hernan , Kuban Karl C. K. , Msall Michael E. , Singh Rachana , Washburn Lisa , Gogcu Semsa , Hanson Shannon , Venuti Lauren , Fry Rebecca C. , O’Shea T. Michael
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The prevalence of many psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety and depression, is higher in individuals born extremely preterm (EP) than in term-born individuals during childhood and adolescence. In this prospective study of adolescents born EP, we examined associations between early-life risk factors (prenatal maternal health conditions, socioeconomic and social factors) and anxiety and depression at 15 years of age.

Methods

We included 682 participants (53.2% White, 57.8% male) who were born <28 weeks gestation. Data on demographic factors, maternal health conditions and socioeconomic status (SES) were collected in the first postnatal month, and data on the outcomes (anxiety and depression) were collected at 15 years by a structured clinical diagnostic interview. At the 15-year visit, the mother reported on her own experiences of childhood trauma. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between maternal health indicators, SES factors and mothers' childhood trauma and adolescent outcome variables of anxiety, depression and both anxiety and/or depression, adjusting for potential confounding factors and expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with anxiety (aOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.95) and depression (aOR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.23) in adolescents at age 15. Maternal exposure to active or second-hand smoke was associated with depression (aOR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.08, 3.00) and with anxiety and depression (aOR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.51, 5.31) at age 15. Other maternal pre-pregnancy health indicators of interest including asthma, hypertension and diabetes mellitus did not demonstrate significant associations with symptoms of anxiety or depression in adolescents at age 15 in univariable and multivariate analyses. Maternal childhood experience of parental upheaval was associated with anxiety and depression (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.01, 3.55) in adolescents, and maternal childhood experience of victim violence was linked with anxiety (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.22, 4.62) and anxiety and depression (OR: 2.49, 95% CI: 1.05, 5.42).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that prenatal maternal health and socioeconomic factors contribute to psychiatric disorders among adolescents born EP. These factors could serve as targets for interventions to improve mental health of individuals born EP.
Transnational practices of Kazakh repatriates: the role of family in the adaptation of ethnic Kazakh students from Mongolia and China
Authors: Zharkynbekova Sholpan , Tazhibayeva Saule , Shakhputova Zukhra , Agabekova Zhazira , Azamatova Ariya , Kuzar Zhanna
Published: September 2024

Migration processes, which intensified in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, occur within a context of constant challenges and changing realities, necessitating new research in this area. Nearly all migrants, adapting to new forms of everyday existence, might experience socio-psychological stress. This study focuses on the socio-cultural and linguistic adaptation of the young generation of ethnic Kazakhs, as well as their psychological state within the educational environment, grounded in the concept of transnationalism. The authors conducted a survey and interviews with repatriate students from China and Mongolia in their native language, Kazakh. The research methodology, survey methodology and applied tools are comparable in terms of both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The sample population consisted of 230 respondents from five regions, aged between 16 and 25 years old. Furthermore, 30 qualitative, focused interviews were conducted. The discussion questions are related to several important factors, including the impact of the presence of relatives in the country of origin, the establishment of ties with them, and the integration of individuals into the social spheres of their historical homeland during their stay in Kazakhstan, as well as the processes of adaptation and integration into the new society. The results demonstrate the existence of transnational practices among the informants, which permits the categorization of these individuals as transnational migrants, despite the fact that a considerable number of them have completed the migration process. The findings of the research also indicated that repatriate students from Mongolia showed greater ease of adaptation in Kazakhstan, largely due to their more active communication with relatives and stronger inclination toward integration into local society. Conversely, Kazakh ethnic students from China, despite using contemporary communication technologies, encountered more challenges, largely due to emotional difficulties associated with the lack of physical proximity to their families and a prevalent intention to return to their families after graduation.
Could measuring factors other than a lack of financial resources help in achieving the zero hunger goal
Authors: Hyink Jillian , McFadden Brandon R. , Phipps Brandy E. , Gundersen Craig
Published: September 2024

The second Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger, defined by the United Nations, broadly focuses on several dimensions of food access and availability, including measures of hunger and undernourishment, food insecurity, and malnutrition. Progress toward the Zero Hunger goal is monitored using indicators like the Prevalence of Undernourishment and the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity. These indicators are widely regarded as accurately portraying the underlying phenomena of concern. There are, however, other considerations one may want to include when considering the broader food system, including the role of food access and sovereignty in the rural areas of low-income countries. This paper reviews measurements of food insecurity and reflects on how food access and sovereignty may improve food security and, conversely, how it may impede advances toward alleviating food insecurity. These considerations can be helpful in tracking the need and progress toward the Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger.
Case Report: Clinical effect of combining auricular cartilage, full-thickness auricular skin graft, and local flap from the right nasal ala in complex nasal defect reconstruction
Authors: Zuo Jinfu , Wang Rong , Fan Xiaoting , Zhang Haixia , Zhai Zhaohui , Sun Huachang
Published: September 2024

The aim of this report was to evaluate the efficacy of nasal reconstruction using auricular cartilage combined with auricular full-thickness skin graft and a local flap from the right nasal ala for correcting complex nasal defects, and its impact on the patient's quality of life and psychological well-being. We present the case of a 50-year-old female with a severe nasal deformity due to a car accident, characterized by a missing right alar flap and an exposed right nostril. The patient underwent nasal reconstructive surgery using auricular cartilage combined with an auricular full-thickness skin graft and a local flap from the right nasal ala. Detailed records of the patient's postoperative recovery, surgical outcomes, and satisfaction were made at follow-up. The survival rate of the grafted skin and flaps on the nasal ala, septum, and dorsum was high. The reconstructed right nasal ala closely resembled the left, and the patient was very satisfied. In patients with complex nasal deformities, nasal reconstruction using ear cartilage combined with auricular full-thickness skin grafts and local flaps can achieve satisfactory aesthetic and functional outcomes. The high level of postoperative satisfaction suggests that this technique significantly improves patients’ quality of life and psychological well-being.
Effects of grape seed extract supplementation on the growth performance, nutrients digestion and immunity of weaned lambs
Authors: Ma Jian , Li Tao , Lin Lu , Lu Yuezhang , Chen Xi , Li Sibing , Du Chunmei , Wei Chen , Yin Fuquan , Gan Shangquan
Published: September 2024

Grape seed extract (GSE) has a variety of biological functions. At present, there has been limited information on the utilization of GSE as a feed additive in weaned lambs. The aim of this experiment was to study the potential influence of dietary supplementation with GSE on the growth performance, rumen fermentation characteristics, apparent digestibility, blood parameters and immunity in weaned lambs. In total, 30 male Hu sheep lambs with similar body weight (15.43 ± 0.49 kg) and age (48 ± 2 days) were randomly divided into two treatments: control (CON, fed basal ration) and GSE [fed basal ration and 0.6 g/d GSE (main compositions: proanthocyanidin 50%, catechin 24%, gallic acid 16% and epicatechin 6%) per lamb]. The feeding experiment lasted for 60 d. Results showed that GSE supplementation significantly increased (p = 0.008) the average daily gain of lambs. Compared with CON group, the ruminal propionate and butyrate concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in GSE group, whereas the ammonia nitrogen was decreased (p = 0.007). Also, the crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and ether extract digestibility of GSE group were higher (p < 0.05) than those of CON group. The serum contents of glucose, triglyceride, immunoglobulin G, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in GSE group when compared to those in CON group. However, an opposite trend of urea nitrogen, non-esterified fatty acid, interleukin-1β, itumor necrosis factor-α and malondialdehyde was observed between the two groups. Additionally, supplementation of GSE increased (p < 0.05) the Lactobacillus and decreased (p < 0.05) the Escherichia coli and Salmonella counts in the feces of lambs. In summary, GSE supplementation can improve growth performance, nutrient digestion and immunity of weaned lambs.
Sperm quality and in vitro fertilizing ability of boar spermatozoa stored at 4 °C versus conventional storage for 1 week
Authors: Hallberg Ida , Morrell Jane M. , Malaluang Pack , Johannisson Anders , Sjunnesson Ylva , Laskowski Denise
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Since boar spermatozoa show a marked deterioration in sperm quality when cooled, insemination doses are usually stored at 16–18 °C. However, maintaining this temperature during transport of semen doses is challenging, particularly during the summer months. An alternative could be to store the doses at 4 °C if cold-shock to the sperm could be prevented. The objective of this study was to evaluate boar sperm quality and fertility in in vitro fertilization after storage in AndroStar Premium at 4 °C for 1 week.

Methods

Insemination doses (n = 9) in AndroStar Premium from a commercial boar semen collection station were transported to the laboratory at approximately 20 °C. At the laboratory, sperm quality evaluation and was preformed and each dose was split; half of each ejaculate was stored in a climate-controlled box at 16–18 °C, the other was slowly cooled to 4 °C. Both samples were stored for 1 week before further sperm quality evaluation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) were performed. Mean values were tested using generalized linear regression, with treatment and boar as fixed factors; p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Sperm membrane integrity (mean ± sem: 91 ± 0.05 and 83 ± 0.09% for 16 and 4 °C, respectively) and superoxide production (6.79 ± 2.37 and 13.54 ± 6.23% for 16 and 4 °C, respectively), were different between treatments. The DNA fragmentation index was lower in cold-stored samples than in conventionally stored samples (3.74 ± 2.25 and 7.40 ± 3.36% for 4 and 16 °C, respectively). The numbers of oocytes developing to blastocyst on Day 6 (mean ± sd: 9.0 ± 8.0 and 6.0 ± 5.0%, for storage at 16 and 4 °C, respectively) were not different between treatments.

Discussion

Therefore, storage of boar semen doses in AndroStar Premium at 4 °C for up to 7 days would be a viable alternative to current praxis.
Autonomous Trajectory Planning Method for Stratospheric Airship Regional Station-Keeping Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Liu Sitong , Zhou Shuyu , Miao Jinggang , Shang Hai , Cui Yuxuan , Lu Ying
Published: September 2024

The stratospheric airship, as a near-space vehicle, is increasingly utilized in scientific exploration and Earth observation due to its long endurance and regional observation capabilities. However, due to the complex characteristics of the stratospheric wind field environment, trajectory planning for stratospheric airships is a significant challenge. Unlike lower atmospheric levels, the stratosphere presents a wind field characterized by significant variability in wind speed and direction, which can drastically affect the stability of the airship’s trajectory. Recent advances in deep reinforcement learning (DRL) have presented promising avenues for trajectory planning. DRL algorithms have demonstrated the ability to learn complex control strategies autonomously by interacting with the environment. In particular, the proximal policy optimization (PPO) algorithm has shown effectiveness in continuous control tasks and is well suited to the non-linear, high-dimensional problem of trajectory planning in dynamic environments. This paper proposes a trajectory planning method for stratospheric airships based on the PPO algorithm. The primary contributions of this paper include establishing a continuous action space model for stratospheric airship motion; enabling more precise control and adjustments across a broader range of actions; integrating time-varying wind field data into the reinforcement learning environment; enhancing the policy network’s adaptability and generalization to various environmental conditions; and enabling the algorithm to automatically adjust and optimize flight paths in real time using wind speed information, reducing the need for human intervention. Experimental results show that, within its wind resistance capability, the airship can achieve long-duration regional station-keeping, with a maximum station-keeping time ratio (STR) of up to 0.997.
Adaptive Dynamic Programming with Reinforcement Learning on Optimization of Flight Departure Scheduling
Authors: Liu Hong , Li Song , Sun Fang , Fan Wei , Ip Wai-Hung , Yung Kai-Leung
Published: September 2024

The intricacies of air traffic departure scheduling, especially when numerous flights are delayed, frequently impede the implementation of automated decision-making for scheduling. To surmount this obstacle, a mathematical model is proposed, and a dynamic simulation framework is designed to tackle the scheduling dilemma. An optimization control strategy is based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP), focusing on minimizing the cumulative delay time for a cohort of delayed aircraft amidst congestion. This technique harnesses an approximation of the dynamic programming value function, augmented by reinforcement learning to enhance the approximation and alleviate the computational complexity as the number of flights increases. Comparative analyses with alternative approaches, including the branch and bound algorithm for static conditions and the first-come, first-served (FCFS) algorithm for routine scenarios, are conducted. Moreover, perturbation simulations of ADP parameters validate the method’s robustness and efficacy. ADP, when integrated with reinforcement learning, demonstrates time efficiency and reliability, positioning it as a viable solution for decision-making in departure management systems.
Design and Testing of Soybean Double-Row Seed-Metering Device with Double-Beveled Seed Guide Groove
Authors: Zhu Huajiang , Zhang Sihao , Wang Wenjun , Lv Hongqian , Chen Yulong , Zhou Long , Li Mingwei , Zhao Jinhui
Published: September 2024

During the operation of a shaped hole seed-metering device, poor seed-filling quality and inconsistent seed-casting points lead to poor seed spacing uniformity, especially in a one-chamber double-row seed-metering device. To solve this problem, a soybean double-row seed-metering device with double-beveled seed guide groove was designed to ensure a high single-seed rate and seed-casting point consistency. Through the theoretical analysis of the working process of the seed-metering device, dynamic and kinematic models of the seeds were established, and the main structural parameters of the seed discharge ring, triage convex ridge, shaped hole, and seed guide groove were determined. The main factors affecting the seeding performance were obtained as the following: the inclination angle of the triage convex ridge, the radius of the shaped hole, and the depth of the seed guide groove. A single-factor test was carried out by discrete element simulation to obtain the inclination angle of the triage convex ridge α3 = 29°, the radius of the shaped hole r1 = 4.16–4.5 mm, and the depth of the seed guide groove l1 = 0.49–1.89 mm. A two-factor, five-level, second-order, orthogonal rotation combination test was conducted to further optimize the structural parameters of the seed-metering device. The two test factors were the radius of the shaped hole and the depth of the seed guide groove, and the evaluation indices were the qualified rate, replay rate, and missed seeding rate. The results showed that the optimal combinations of the structural parameters were the radius of the shaped hole r1 = 4.33 mm and the depth of the seed guide groove l1 = 1.20 mm. Subsequent bench testing demonstrated that the seed discharge’s qualified rate was above 94% at operating speeds of 6–10 km/h, and the seeding performance was stable. The final results of the soil trench test showed that the seed-metering device exhibited a qualified rate of 93.31%, replay rate of 2.04%, and missed seeding rate of 4.65% at an operating speed of 8 km/h. This research outcome may serve as a valuable reference and source of inspiration for the innovative design of precision seed-metering devices.
The Impact of a Full-Cost Insurance Policy on Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency: The Case of China
Authors: Xiao Yu , Yang Caiyan , Zhang Lu
Published: September 2024

Excessive fertilizer input and inefficient utilization in agricultural production have caused significant negative environmental impacts. Based on provincial panel data in China from 2005 to 2021, this study adopts the full-cost insurance pilot launched in 2018 and uses the DID method to empirically analyze its impact on fertilizer application intensity and utilization efficiency. The study reveals the following findings: (1) Implementing full-cost insurance can reduce fertilizer application intensity by 21.761% and increase utilization efficiency by 1.915%. (2) Full-cost insurance reduces fertilizer application intensity and improves fertilizer utilization efficiency by expanding the land scale and reducing the agricultural labor force. (3) Full-cost insurance significantly improves fertilizer utilization efficiency in high-risk and low-risk areas. Nevertheless, while the policy significantly reduces fertilizer application intensity in high-risk areas, its effect on low-risk areas is not apparent. (4) Full-cost insurance has an environmental protection effect. It can significantly reduce 11.593% of nitrogen pollution emissions, 2.577% of phosphorus pollution emissions, and 35.400% of equivalent pollution emissions. The implementation of full-cost insurance plays an important role in reducing fertilizer use and improving utilization efficiency. So, we should continue to intensify the promotion of full-cost insurance policy to fully leverage the advantages of agricultural insurance and promote sustainable agricultural development.
Spatial–Temporal Dynamics of Land Use and Cover in Mata da Pimenteira State Park Based on MapBiomas Brasil Data: Perspectives and Social Impacts
Authors: Cruz Júlio Cesar Gomes da , Jardim Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz , Silva Anderson Santos da , Silva Marcos Vinícius da , Silva Jhon Lennon Bezerra da , Marques Rodrigo Ferraz Jardim , Alba Elisiane , Nascimento Antônio Henrique Cardoso do , Silva Araci Farias , Silva Elania Freire da , Cézar Bezerra Alan
Published: September 2024

Caatinga is a typical Brazilian biome facing severe threats despite its ecological and socio-economic importance. Conservation strategies are essential in protecting ecosystems and ensuring natural resource sustainability. Mata da Pimenteira State Park (PEMP), launched in 2012, is an example of such a strategy. The current study aims to use orbital remote sensing techniques to assess human impacts on changes in land use and land cover (LULC) after the establishment of PEMP in the semi-arid region known as Caatinga, in Pernambuco State. The effects of this unit on vegetation preservation were specifically analyzed based on using data from the MapBiomas Brasil project to assess trends in LULC, both in and around PEMP, from 2002 to 2020. Man–Kendall and Pettitt statistical tests were applied to identify significant changes, such as converting forest areas into pastures and agricultural plantations. Trends of the loss and gain of LULC were observed over the years, such as forest areas’ conversion into pasture and vice versa, mainly before and after PEMP implementation. These findings highlight the importance of developing conservation measures and planning to help protecting the Caatinga, which is a vital biome in Brazil.
Facing Heavy Metal Stress, What Are the Positive Responses of Melatonin in Plants: A Review
Authors: Cheng Xianghan , Liu Xiaolei , Liu Feifei , Yang Yuantong , Kou Taiji
Published: September 2024

With the growth of the population and the development of modern industry and the economy, the problem of heavy metal pollution in cultivated soil has become increasingly prominent. Moreover, heavy metal poses a serious threat to plant growth due to its characteristics of difficult degradation, high mobility, easy enrichment, and potential toxicity and has become a social topic. Melatonin is a new type of plant hormone widely present in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria, and its biological role has begun investigated in the last dozen years. Facing heavy metal stress, melatonin can play a pleiotropic role in the physiological processes of plants, such as stress resistance and growth regulation, mitigate the damage caused by stress on plants, and provide a new research idea for alleviating heavy metal stress in plants. From the aspects of the plant phenotype, physiology, element absorption, and molecular structure, this paper, therefore, mainly reviews the effects of melatonin on plants subjected to heavy metal stress and the mechanism of melatonin alleviating heavy metal stress and then puts forward future research directions. This information may be of great significance to the normal growth of crops under heavy metal stress and will provide an important theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of crop resistance in the future.
Anatomical and Histological Analyses of Rare Pancake Kidney
Authors: Koper Lindsey , Quarles Rachell L. , Ziermann-Canabarro Janine M. , Bridgett Tashanti , Correa-Alfonzo Paola , Rahmat Sulman J.
Published: September 2024

During anatomical dissection of a female body donor at the Howard University College of Medicine, a rare renal anomaly was discovered. Detailed anatomical and histological analyses on this anomaly were compared to a normal kidney from another donor and previously published reports from a comprehensive literature review. Anatomical assessment confirmed the condition of pancake kidney, a rare form of completely fused, ectopic kidneys without an isthmus. Due to the lack of symptoms in patients with this condition and the limited number of published case reports, very little information is available regarding the anatomy, development, and histology of pancake kidneys, making it difficult to determine an accurate estimate of the number of individuals who are affected. In the case presented here, a single kidney was located in the pelvis, below the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta into the common iliac arteries. The histological analysis of the pancake kidney revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, dilated renal tubules, and increased interstitial fluid, all common characteristics of renal disease and not present in the normal kidney of the other donor. Future studies are needed to compare the histology of pancake kidneys and typical kidneys in order to help determine potential pathologies.
Microbial–Metabolomic Exploration of Tea Polyphenols in the Regulation of Serum Indicators, Liver Metabolism, Rumen Microorganisms, and Metabolism in Hu Sheep
Authors: Wang Haibo , Zhan Jinshun , Zhao Shengguo , Jiang Haoyun , Jia Haobin , Pan Yue , Zhong Xiaojun , Huo Junhong
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the impact of tea polyphenols on serum indices, rumen microorganisms, rumen metabolism, and liver metabolism in Hu sheep. Sixty healthy lambs, aged three months and with similar average weights, were chosen and randomly assigned to control (CON), TP400, TP800, and TP1200 groups, each consisting of fifteen lambs. The control group received a basal diet, while the experimental groups were provided with basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg of tea polyphenols, respectively. Compared with the CON group, the addition of tea polyphenols to the diet significantly increased serum IgA, GSH−Px, and TSOD. In addition, tea polyphenols were able to increase rumen pH but had no significant effect on the rumen NH3−N, VFA molar content, and the microbial top 10 phylum and genus levels. Moreover, Firmicutes predominated in the network map of the top 80 abundant microorganisms at the genus level, identifying 13 biomarkers at the genus level. In addition, strong correlations were observed between liver and rumen metabolites, particularly between rumen succinic acid and liver alanyl−serine and methylmalonic acid. Furthermore, tea polyphenol additions changed the enrichment of liver and rumen metabolites in the top five KEGG metabolic pathways, but 400−1200 mg/kg additions had no negative impact on the liver and rumen. In summary, TP significantly influences rumen and liver metabolites in Hu sheep, enhancing lamb immunity and antioxidant capacity, with 400 mg/kg being the most effective dosage.
Applying the Techniques of Materials Science towards an Understanding of the Process of Canine Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Rojas Viviana , Jugdaohsingh Ravin , Rayment Andrew , Brown Andrew , Fenn Joseph , Crowley James , Lovric Vedran , Powell Jonathan , Freeman Paul
Published: September 2024

Intervertebral disc degeneration in dogs occurs in an accelerated way and involves calcification, which is associated with disc herniation or extrusion. The degenerative process is complex and involves the transformation of collagen fibres, loss of proteoglycans and notochord cells and a reduction in water content; however, how these processes are linked to future disc extrusion remains unknown. We have employed techniques including Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Uniaxial Compression Loading and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in an attempt to gain a greater understanding of the degenerative process and its consequences on the physical properties of the disc. FTIR verified by TEM demonstrated that calcium phosphate exists in an amorphous state within the disc and that the formation of crystalline particles of hydroxyapatite occurs prior to disc extrusion. AFM identified crystalline agglomerates consistent with hydroxyapatite as well as individual collagen fibres. SEM enabled the identification of regions rich in calcium, phosphorous and oxygen and allowed the visualization of the topographical landscape of the disc. Compression testing generated stress/strain curves which will facilitate investigation into disc stiffness. Ongoing work is aimed at identifying potential areas of intervention in the degenerative process as well as further characterizing the role of calcification in disc extrusion.
Correction: Wang et al. Effects of Heat-Treated Bifidobacterium longum CECT-7347 Combined with Fibersol-2 on the Intestinal Health of Cats Submitted to an Abrupt Dietary Change: A Randomized Controlled Study. Animals 2024, 14, 2179
Authors: Wang Fan , Gao Siyuan , Peng Qianqian , Tan Lili , Chen Siyu , Xia Zhaofei
Published: September 2024

In the original publication [...]
Techniques, Databases and Software Used for Studying Polar Metabolites and Lipids of Gastrointestinal Parasites
Authors: Wangchuk Phurpa , Yeshi Karma
Published: September 2024

Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) are organisms known to have coevolved for millennia with their mammalian hosts. These parasites produce small molecules, peptides, and proteins to evade or fight their hosts’ immune systems and also to protect their host for their own survival/coexistence. The small molecules include polar compounds, amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Metabolomics and lipidomics are emerging fields of research that have recently been applied to study helminth infections, host–parasite interactions and biochemicals of GIPs. This review comprehensively discusses metabolomics and lipidomics studies of the small molecules of GIPs, providing insights into the available tools and techniques, databases, and analytical software. Most metabolomics and lipidomics investigations employed LC-MS, MS or MS/MS, NMR, or a combination thereof. Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted software tools and databases have propelled parasitomics forward, offering new avenues to explore host–parasite interactions, immunomodulation, and the intricacies of parasitism. As our understanding of AI technologies and their utilisation continue to expand, it promises to unveil novel perspectives and enrich the knowledge of these complex host–parasite relationships.
Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance in Pediatric Infections: A Romanian Case Study on Pathogen Prevalence and Effective Treatments
Authors: Singer Maria Madalina , Văruț Renata Maria , Popescu Cristina , Radivojevic Kristina , Rotaru Luciana Teodora , Octavian Damian Roni , Mihai-Covei Banicioiu , Popescu Mihaela , Irina Oancea Andreea , Oancea Dragos , Popescu Alin Iulian Silviu , Singer Cristina Elena
Published: September 2024

Antibiotic misuse in Romania has exacerbated the issue of antibiotic resistance, as patients often use antibiotics without proper medical consultation. This study aimed to assess the resistance of prevalent bacteria to different antibiotics. In this observational study conducted over six months, we analyzed 31 pediatric patients aged from 12 days to 13 years using the disk diffusion method. We identified 31 bacterial isolates, including 8 Gram-negative and 8 Gram-positive strains, with the most common being Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica. Our findings revealed that the most effective antibiotics were linezolid, ertapenem, and teicoplanin. In contrast, nearly all tested bacteria exhibited resistance to penicillin, followed by oxacillin and ampicillin. Resistance to cephalosporins varied with generation, showing higher resistance to lower-generation cephalosporins. The study highlights significant antibiotic resistance among common bacterial pathogens in Romanian pediatric patients, emphasizing the urgent need for controlled antibiotic use and alternative treatment strategies to combat this growing issue. Effective antibiotics such as linezolid and ertapenem offer potential solutions, whereas reliance on penicillin and lower-generation cephalosporins is increasingly futile.
A Rhein-Based Derivative Targets Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Liu Xiaojia , Liu Yuan , Song Meirong , Zhu Kui , Shen Jianzhong
Published: September 2024

The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria highlights the need for novel antimicrobial agents. This study presents the design and synthesis of a series of rhein (RH)-derived compounds with improved antimicrobial properties. The lead compound, RH17, exhibited a potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 8 to 16 μg/mL. RH17 disrupted bacterial membrane stability, hindered metabolic processes, and led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These mechanisms were confirmed through bacterial growth inhibition assays, membrane function assessments, and ROS detection. Notably, RH17 outperformed the parent compound RH and demonstrated bactericidal effects in S. aureus. The findings suggest that RH17 is a promising candidate for further development as an antimicrobial agent against Gram-positive pathogens, addressing the urgent need for new therapies.
The Influence of Vibration Frequency and Vibration Duration on the Mechanical Properties of Zhanjiang Formation Structural Clay
Authors: Xie Yanhua , Tang Bin , Shi Yansong , Liu Shuaiyu , Hu Jiankun , Zhang Binghui
Published: September 2024

Vibration frequency and vibration duration are disturbance factors for the structural properties of clay. This study investigates how the vibration frequency and vibration duration from construction disturbances affect the mechanical properties of Zhanjiang Formation structural clay. An electric, frequency-adjustable vibration table applied varying frequencies and durations of vibration to undisturbed soil, creating structural clay samples with different disturbance degrees. Unconfined compressive strength tests and one-dimensional consolidation compression tests were conducted on these samples to obtain disturbance degrees RDq and RDS, defined by strength loss values and compression deformation characteristics, respectively. Orthogonal experiments and grey correlation analysis were used to explore the effects of vibration frequency and vibration duration on the mechanical properties of Zhanjiang Formation structural clay. The results indicated that disturbance degrees RDq and RDS increased linearly with increase in vibration frequency and vibration duration. Range analysis was conducted using two-factor three-level orthogonal experiment of disturbance degrees, and a grey relational analysis model was established to determine the primary and secondary effects of vibration duration and vibration frequency on the mechanical properties of Zhanjiang Formation structural clay. The results demonstrated that the findings from orthogonal experiments and grey relational analysis were consistent, showing that vibration duration had a more significant impact than vibration frequency on the mechanical properties of structural clay. The conclusion suggests that vibration disturbance manifests as a “fatigue damage effect”. Continuous vibration disturbance progressively weakens the cementation bonds between soil particles due to “accumulated” energy, leading to gradual fracture and destruction. With constant vibration frequency, longer durations, or with constant duration, higher frequencies intensify the “fatigue damage effect” of vibration disturbance. Furthermore, during vibration disturbance, Zhanjiang Formation structural clay shows a more pronounced “fatigue damage effect” from vibration duration than from vibration frequency, with cementation bonds between soil particles weakening more effectively due to “accumulated” energy. The research findings enhance the understanding of how vibration frequency and vibration duration from disturbance sources impact the mechanical properties of Zhanjiang Formation structural clay, offer theoretical guidance for using construction vibration machinery, and provide a reference for preventing and controlling soil disturbance.
Azimuthal Solar Synchronization and Aerodynamic Neuro-Optimization: An Empirical Study on Slime-Mold-Inspired Neural Networks for Solar UAV Range Optimization
Authors: Hazare Graheeth , Sultan Mohamed Thariq Hameed , Mika Dariusz , Shahar Farah Syazwani , Skorulski Grzegorz , Nowakowski Marek , Holovatyy Andriy , Mircheski Ile , Giernacki Wojciech
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a novel methodology for enhancing the efficiency of solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) through azimuthal solar synchronization and aerodynamic neuro-optimization, leveraging the principles of slime mold neural networks. The objective is to broaden the operational capabilities of solar UAVs, enabling them to perform over extended ranges and in varied weather conditions. Our approach integrates a computational model of slime mold networks with a simulation environment to optimize both the solar energy collection and the aerodynamic performance of UAVs. Specifically, we focus on improving the UAVs’ aerodynamic efficiency in flight, aligning it with energy optimization strategies to ensure sustained operation. The findings demonstrated significant improvements in the UAVs’ range and weather resilience, thereby enhancing their utility for a variety of missions, including environmental monitoring and search and rescue operations. These advancements underscore the potential of integrating biomimicry and neural-network-based optimization in expanding the functional scope of solar UAVs.
Numerical Simulation of Seismic-Wave Propagation in Specific Layered Geological Structures
Authors: Hao Chunyue , Gu Zhoupeng , Li Kai , Wu Xianqian
Published: September 2024

This study presents a numerical simulation approach used to investigate seismic-wave propagation in specific geological structures. Using the LS-DYNA software, the simulation incorporated a TNT explosion model to simulate seismic energy released during earthquakes. It provides a new method to investigate the propagation characteristics of seismic-waves within geological structures. Firstly, the measurement conditions and geological settings of the seismic event on 18 February 2012 in Northeast China are presented. Subsequently, a numerical simulation model of seismic-wave propagation is developed. The simulation result validates it by comparing it with recorded data from seismic stations, demonstrating a promising correspondence between the simulated and observed data. Additionally, the simulation simulates the seismic-wave propagation within water and layered geological structures, validating the numerical simulation model. The numerical model is an effective tool for simulating the propagation of seismic waves in geological structures. This study is important for evaluating seismic-wave propagation using the simulation method.
Dynamics of a New Four-Thirds-Degree Sub-Quadratic Lorenz-like System
Authors: Ke Guiyao , Pan Jun , Hu Feiyu , Wang Haijun
Published: September 2024

Aiming to explore the subtle connection between the number of nonlinear terms in Lorenz-like systems and hidden attractors, this paper introduces a new simple sub-quadratic four-thirds-degree Lorenz-like system, where x˙=a(y−x), y˙=cx−x3z, z˙=−bz+x3y, and uncovers the following property of these systems: decreasing the powers of the nonlinear terms in a quadratic Lorenz-like system where x˙=a(y−x), y˙=cx−xz, z˙=−bz+xy, may narrow, or even eliminate the range of the parameter c for hidden attractors, but enlarge it for self-excited attractors. By combining numerical simulation, stability and bifurcation theory, most of the important dynamics of the Lorenz system family are revealed, including self-excited Lorenz-like attractors, Hopf bifurcation and generic pitchfork bifurcation at the origin, singularly degenerate heteroclinic cycles, degenerate pitchfork bifurcation at non-isolated equilibria, invariant algebraic surface, heteroclinic orbits and so on. The obtained results may verify the generalization of the second part of the celebrated Hilbert’s sixteenth problem to some degree, showing that the number and mutual disposition of attractors and repellers may depend on the degree of chaotic multidimensional dynamical systems.
The Multi-Parameter Fusion Early Warning Method for Lithium Battery Thermal Runaway Based on Cloud Model and Dempster–Shafer Evidence Theory
Authors: Xie Ziyi , Zhang Ying , Wang Hong , Li Pan , Shi Jingyi , Zhang Xiankai , Li Siyang
Published: September 2024

As the preferred technology in the current energy storage field, lithium-ion batteries cannot completely eliminate the occurrence of thermal runaway (TR) accidents. It is of significant importance to employ real-time monitoring and warning methods to perceive the battery’s safety status promptly and address potential safety hazards. Currently, the monitoring and warning of lithium-ion battery TR heavily rely on the judgment of single parameters, leading to a high false alarm rate. The application of multi-parameter early warning methods based on data fusion remains underutilized. To address this issue, the evaluation of lithium-ion battery safety status was conducted using the cloud model to characterize fuzziness and Dempster–Shafer (DS) evidence theory for evidence fusion, comprehensively assessing the TR risk level. The research determined warning threshold ranges and risk levels by monitoring voltage, temperature, and gas indicators during lithium-ion battery overcharge TR experiments. Subsequently, a multi-parameter fusion approach combining cloud model and DS evidence theory was utilized to confirm the risk status of the battery at any given moment. This method takes into account the fuzziness and uncertainty among multiple parameters, enabling an objective assessment of the TR risk level of lithium-ion batteries.
Vascular Impairment, Muscle Atrophy, and Cognitive Decline: Critical Age-Related Conditions
Authors: de Lima Enzo Pereira , Tanaka Masaru , Lamas Caroline Barbalho , Quesada Karina , Detregiachi Claudia Rucco P. , Araújo Adriano Cressoni , Guiguer Elen Landgraf , Catharin Virgínia Maria Cavallari Strozze , de Castro Marcela Vialogo Marques , Junior Edgar Baldi , Bechara Marcelo Dib , Ferraz Bruna Fidencio Rahal , Catharin Vitor Cavallari Strozze , Laurindo Lucas Fornari , Barbalho Sandra Maria
Published: September 2024

The triad of vascular impairment, muscle atrophy, and cognitive decline represents critical age-related conditions that significantly impact health. Vascular impairment disrupts blood flow, precipitating the muscle mass reduction seen in sarcopenia and the decline in neuronal function characteristic of neurodegeneration. Our limited understanding of the intricate relationships within this triad hinders accurate diagnosis and effective treatment strategies. This review analyzes the interrelated mechanisms that contribute to these conditions, with a specific focus on oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and impaired nutrient delivery. The aim is to understand the common pathways involved and to suggest comprehensive therapeutic approaches. Vascular dysfunctions hinder the circulation of blood and the transportation of nutrients, resulting in sarcopenia characterized by muscle atrophy and weakness. Vascular dysfunction and sarcopenia have a negative impact on physical function and quality of life. Neurodegenerative diseases exhibit comparable pathophysiological mechanisms that affect cognitive and motor functions. Preventive and therapeutic approaches encompass lifestyle adjustments, addressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and integrated therapies that focus on improving vascular and muscular well-being. Better understanding of these links can refine therapeutic strategies and yield better patient outcomes. This study emphasizes the complex interplay between vascular dysfunction, muscle degeneration, and cognitive decline, highlighting the necessity for multidisciplinary treatment approaches. Advances in this domain promise improved diagnostic accuracy, more effective therapeutic options, and enhanced preventive measures, all contributing to a higher quality of life for the elderly population.
Sensor-Based Balance Training with Exergaming Feedback in Subjects with Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Martino Cinnera Alex , Ciancarelli Irene , Marrano Serena , Palagiano Massimiliano , Federici Elisa , Bisirri Alessio , Iosa Marco , Paolucci Stefano , Koch Giacomo , Morone Giovanni
Published: September 2024

Background: As one of the leading causes of disability in the world, stroke can determine a reduction of balance performance with a negative impact on daily activity and social life. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of sensor-based balance training with exergaming feedback on balance skills in chronic stroke patients. Methods: 21 individuals (11F, 57.14 ± 13.82 years) with a single event of ischemic stroke were randomly assigned to the sensor-based balance training group (SB-group) or the usual care balance training group (UC-group). Both groups received 10 add-on sessions with exergaming feedback (SB-group) or conventional training (UC-group). Clinical and instrumental evaluation was performed before (t0), after (t1), and after one month (t2) from intervention. Participation level was assessed using the Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale at the end of each session. Results: The SB-group showed an improvement in postural stability (p = 0.02) when compared to the UC-group. In the evaluation of motivational level, the score was statistically higher in the SB-group with respect to the UC-group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Except for the improvement in postural stability, no difference was recorded in clinical score, suggesting a comparable gain in both groups. However, patients undergoing sensor-based training exhibited a higher participation score, ultimately indicating the use of this training to improve the adherence to rehabilitation settings, especially in patients with lower compliance.
A Burnt-Out Health: Stigma towards Mental Health Problems as a Predictor of Burnout in a Sample of Community Social Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Zamorano Sara , González-Sanguino Clara , Fernández-Jiménez Eduardo , Muñoz Manuel
Published: September 2024

Burnout is a primary psychosocial risk factor in the workplace. Mental health stigma, which includes negative cognitions, emotions, and behaviors, also undermines the performance of social healthcare professionals. This study aimed to explore the levels of burnout in a sample of community social healthcare workers as well as its relationships with variables such as stigma towards mental health problems, professional skills, and job characteristics. An online assessment was conducted with 184 social healthcare professionals (75.5% female, mean age = 40.82 years, SD = 9.9). Medium levels of burnout and stigma and high levels of professional skills were observed. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that stigma towards mental health problems and professional skills predicted emotional exhaustion (R2 = 0.153, F(4, 179) = 9.245, p < 0.001), depersonalization (R2 = 0.213, F(3, 180) = 17.540, p < 0.001), and personal accomplishment (R2 = 0.289, F(5, 178) = 15.87, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that social healthcare systems could benefit from taking care of the mental health of their workers by addressing burnout, tackling negative attitudes towards mental health problems, and providing professional skills training. This would help to make social healthcare systems more inclusive and of higher quality, thereby reducing health costs.