bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of BP neural network in cross-border e-commerce web pages quality evaluation
Authors: Liu Cong , Liu Rui
Published: February 2021

E-commerce companies have been already using their website to increase company popularity, advertise products, do online marketing and receive orders online. However, how a company web pages serves its function as a communication window with their customers always concerns trading companies. This paper, based on the experts consultation and customer opinions, combined with the literature review, establishes an evaluation indicator system of e-commerce web page quality. Also, an evaluation model is created to analyze the factors that will influence web page quality of trading company on the basis of BP neural network. Test results show that the BP neural network model is precise, stable and practical.
Method for sharing test data based on blackboard model
Authors: Du Zhanlong , Li Bo , Yang Qiushi , Wang Tianqi
Published: February 2021

With the accelerated development of the equipment under test towards informatization and systemization, higher requirements are put forward for the construction of the test capacity of the equipment under test. It is a good way to maximize the value of test data as a core resource through building a test data distributing and sharing platform. A test data distributing and sharing method based on the blackboard model is proposed in this paper. Then a data sharing model is established including data management service center, data demanders, and operating mechanism to meet the needs of remote storage and global sharing of test data.
Evaluation of green innovation ability of regional high-tech industries—Taking Hebei province as an example
Authors: Zheng Jing
Published: February 2021

Green innovation is one of the effective ways to realize national economic growth, environmental protection and social harmony. This paper takes the green innovation of high-tech-industry in Hebei Province as the empirical research object, and constructs the evaluation index system from three aspects: green innovation input capacity, green innovation output capacity and green innovation environment capacity. Taking 31 provinces/cities/autonomous regions across the country as a comparative sample, the factor analysis method is used to evaluate the green innovation capability of Hebei’s high-tech industry.The overall green innovation ability of high-tech industry in Hebei Province is relatively low. The comprehensive score of green innovation ability, countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to realize the green and innovation integration of high-tech industry in Hebei Province.
Evaluation of teaching quality of computing method course based on improved BP neural network
Authors: Deng Xiaotong , Gu Yi , Li Fei , Liu Xiaohui , Zeng Guoqiang
Published: February 2021

Calculation method is a very important basic course of engineering, in the environment of engineering education, a large number of colleges and universities bring calculation methods into the category of professional compulsory courses. This course is not only theoretical, but also practical. Therefore, teachers are required to combine the two organically. The evaluation of teaching quality is of great practical significance to the cultivation of students and the optimization of curriculum. This paper establishes a more convenient and efficient teaching quality evaluation model of calculation method course by making corresponding evaluation index of calculation method course, and proves its excellence through experiments.
Comprehensive evaluation on bed utilization efficiency of public TCM hospitals in 17 cities of Hubei province
Authors: Wu Xiaohua , Tian Shuanggui
Published: February 2021

To evaluate the bed utilization efficiency of public TCM hospitals in 17 cities of Hubei Province, the date of the bed utilization of public TCM hospitals in 17 cities of Hubei Province in 2017 was collected. Then, the entropy weight method was used to determine the weight of evaluation indicators, and the method of TOPSIS and RSR were used to evaluate bed utilization efficiency. The bed utilization efficiency of public TCM hospitals in 17 cities of Hubei Province can be divided into three levels. Ezhou, Yichang were in lower range, Huanggang, Enshi, Jingmen, Huangshi, Tianmen, Wuhan, Qianjiang, Xiangyang, Xianning, Shiyan, Shenlongjia, Xiantao were in midrange and Jingzhou, Suizhou, Xiaogan were in higher range. The method of entropy weight TOPSIS and RSR can reflect the bed utilization efficiency of public TCM hospitals in different cities objectively and comprehensively, and the results are scientific and reliable. There is a big gap in the bed utilization efficiency of public TCM hospitals in cities of Hubei Province. It is suggested that cities with low bed utilization efficiency should give full play to the characteristics and advantages of TCM to improve the core competitiveness of hospitals and to enhance the attractiveness of hospitals to patients. At the same time, public TCM hospitals should deepen the integration of TCM and Internet, and optimize the medical service process of TCM to improve the bed utilization efficiency.
Visual analysis of domestic and foreign Omni-channel retail research based on knowledge graph
Authors: Hou Yumei , Zheng Diwen , Guo Mengjin
Published: February 2021

With the prevalence of e-commerce and the decline of traditional retail channels, the retail and manufacturing industries have expanded their sales channels. Omni-channel retail has become a “new star” in the retail industry and a research focus. Because the literature research content of omni-channel retail is complicated and large, in order to sort out the research results in this field, it is convenient for future scholars to study omni-channel retail. This paper uses Citespace software to conduct quantitative and visual analysis of “CNKI” and “Omni-Channel” research literature in WOS (web of science) from 2009 to 2019. Research findings: First, with the constant changes in research hotspots in the retail field, omni-channel retail has also continued to develop. Second, the “omni-channel” research method focuses on qualitative research, and quantitative research focuses on specific issues such as “consumer purchasing behavior” and specific issues such as procurement pricing. Third, with the further development of omni-channel retail, consumer purchasing behavior research, retail marketing system construction research, integration of warehouse operations and design suitable for omni-channel operation, and omni-channel e-logistics and distribution will become omni-channel research. The direction is worthy of attention.
Research on Anti-collision algorithm of Multi-RFID tags in intelligent clinical monitoring system
Authors: Zhang Helin , Huang Yiqun , Chen Qingmei , Zhang Kang
Published: February 2021

In view of the collision problem of multi Rfid Tags in recognition, the long recognition time of Deterministic algorithm and the low efficiency of the random algorithm are easily hungry and thirsty; In this paper, an improved anti-collision Algorithm (DFSA-CT) is proposed based on the design of dynamic environment. Compared with other collision algorithms, this algorithm has obvious advantages in time slot number and recognition efficiency. Finally, experimental simulation is used to analyze the algorithm and its superiority is verified.
Research on recommendation algorithm based on collaborative filtering of fusion model
Authors: Wang Yichen
Published: February 2021

Based on the facts nowadays, recommendation systems are widely used, the focus of this research is how to effectively improve the accuracy and adaptability of such systems. The research proposes a collaborative filtering model algorithm based on the fusion model, which combines five classical algorithms: Singular value decomposition, Knn-Baseline, K-Means, Non-negativistic matrix factorization and SlopeOne algorithm. By combining the outputs of five models, and then carrying out regression and fusion, a collaborative filtering algorithm is obtained. The model can effectively integrate the advantages of the five models, and can carry out experimental validation on the datasets of Movielens-1M and Movielens-100k. The experimental results are more accurate than applying the five algorithms individually, and the regression model has good adaptability and predictability.
Research on forecast model of Chinese coffee export trade market based on SVM
Authors: Chen Lijin
Published: February 2021

Aiming at the problem of the low share of China’s coffee exports in the international market, this paper studies the relationship between China’s coffee export amount and five major factors influencing on this. The results show that the coffee market should not only pay attention to internal factors-planting area, tea culture and export volume, but also pay close attention to international trends. It is necessary to analyze the requirements of the international market and keep up with the trend. At the same time, the results of using SVM and BP neural network to establish a mathematical model show that SVM has many unique advantages in solving small sample and nonlinear problems with acceptable stability. The prediction effect prove the SVM model has good generalization ability.
Design and research of wireless charging system of autonomous underwater vehicle based on magnetic coupling resonance
Authors: Yu Zhimin , Wang Renzhong
Published: February 2021

In order to apply wireless charging technology to autonomous underwater submersibles, exploring the application of magnetic coupling resonance wireless charging in the field of underwater wireless charging. To expand the application range of autonomous underwater submersibles and improve their endurance. Based on Matlab and multisim 14.0 co-simulation, the wireless charging system flow was designed, and the design of wireless charging device was optimized. Based on the design and modeling analysis of the implementation scheme, the underwater wireless charging system was studied and simulated, and the circuit load resistance was applied. The average power, the average power of the power supply output, the overall efficiency of the circuit, the coupling resonant radio energy transmission efficiency and the coupling coefficient between the coils are compared with theoretical calculations. The simulation results of the wireless charging system of the autonomous underwater submersible with magnetic coupling resonance are highly consistent with the trend of the calculation results, with verification method being effective. The circuit modeling method of underwater wireless charging system is proposed, which provides reference for underwater wireless charging system design. The wireless coupled system with magnetic coupling resonance is a feasible solution for autonomous underwater submersibles, and it is one of the important measures to improve the application performance of autonomous underwater submersibles.
Impacts of African swine fever on water quality in China
Authors: Bai Zhaohai , Jin Xinpeng , Oenema Oene , Lee Michael R F , Zhao Jun , Ma Lin
Published: February 2021

The outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) in China has significantly reduced the country’s pig production capability, whilst also having far-reaching impacts on livestock products supply in the wider food system. Previous studies have quantified the potential long-terms impacts on food prices, however, little information is available regarding the direct short-term impacts on food system changes (livestock products supply and consumption patterns) and water quality protection associated with the outbreak. Here, we used multiple sources of data in relation to consumption patterns and water quality to fill this knowledge gap. Our results indicate that the ASF outbreak has changed the short-term livestock products consumption pattern in China, with increasing reliance on importation of livestock products. A rapid change in pork self-sufficiency rate has also driven a rapid increase in the consumer price index of many cities. Banned swill feeding and reversed environmental regulations in the watercourse intense regions has unintended consequences, especially on water quality. Swill, which is no longer fed, was dumped into water waste streams and lowered the sewage treatment efficiency. The re-establishment of pig production back into watercourse intense regions has led to exceedance of local manure nutrient loading capacity of agricultural land. We suggest (a) a short-term intermediate policy to prohibit discharge of swill to sewage systems, to return their previous efficiency, (b) the development of new technologies for the safe recycling of swills, and (c) the design of a long-term intelligent spatial planning of pig production, slaughter and transportation within China to ensure continued protection of water quality vulnerable zones.
Environmental and economic impact of electric vehicle adoption in the U.S
Authors: Chen Zhenhua , Carrel Andre L , Gore Christina , Shi Wei
Published: February 2021

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have received increasing attention in recent years as BEV technical capabilities have rapidly developed. While many studies have attempted to investigate the societal impacts of BEV adoption, there is still a limited understanding of the extent to which widespread adoption of BEVs may affect both environmental and economic variables simultaneously. This study intends to address this research gap by conducting a comprehensive impact assessment of BEV adoption. Using demand estimates derived from a discrete choice experiment, the impact of various scenarios is evaluated using a computable general equilibrium model. Three drivers of BEV total cost of ownership are considered, namely, subsidy levels, cash incentives by manufacturers, and fuel costs. Furthermore, in light of current trends, improvements in BEV battery manufacturing productivity are considered. This research shows that changes in fuel price and incentives by manufacturers have relatively low impacts on GDP growth, but that the effect of subsidies on GDP and on BEV adoption is considerable, due to a stimulus effect on both household expenditures and on vehicle-manufacturing-related sectors. Productivity shocks moderately impact GDP but only affect BEV adoption in competitive markets. Conversely, the environmental impact is more nuanced. Although BEV adoption leads to decreases in tailpipe emissions, increased manufacturing activity as a result of productivity increases or subsidies can lead to growth in non-tailpipe emissions that cancels out some or all of the tailpipe emissions savings. This demonstrates that in order to achieve desired emissions reductions, policies to promote BEV adoption with subsidies should be accompanied by green manufacturing and green power generation initiatives.
Research on Urban River Spatial Continuity Design Based on RSC Model
Authors: Fan Zhiqiang , Wang Feng
Published: February 2021

In order to solve the problem of river spatial fragmentation and heterogeneity caused by urban expansion, a River Spatial Continuity (RSC) analysis model is proposed to explore the design strategy of spatial continuity, and alleviating the problem of uneven urban space construction. The river spatial continuity includes macroscopic spatial continuity and microscopic spatial continuity. This article takes the river microspace as the main object, and use the section from Mudugang to West qiujiang River in Putuo District, Shanghai as an example. The analysis results show that the spatial continuity index of the site is low (c1=0.33) and the visual continuity is poor (C2=0.26). In the industrial and commercial gathering areas (upstream and middle reaches), the river space has varied spatial changes and uneven quality distribution. However, in the residential areas (downstream) have similar types and densely distributed functions. The mixing of various types of surrounding environments leads to the fragmentation of the river space and heterogeneity. Because of this, the strategy has been proposed to optimizing land use space and improving the quality of details in the upper and middle reaches, while implementing standardized design in the downstream areas. In this way can promote the formation of regional linkage and coordinated development of the city.
A Study on the Optimization of Green Efficiency of Connected Underground Streets in Rail Transit Stations
Authors: Xu Bin , Zhang Zequn
Published: February 2021

With increasingly growth of national economy, rail transit constructions in China are in full swing, which bring about rapid development of underground space in urban areas and further improvement of function and space of the area around rail transit stations. Based on the analysis of different space types of underground streets around rail-transit junctions, this paper discusses some concepts of connected space in rail transit stations from the perspective of rail transit junctions, analyses the details of function, space, business format and environment of two typical cases, and summarizes the key points of promoting green efficiency of connected underground streets at metro stations, so as to provide references for design and construction of similar cases.
Pollution characteristics and risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments of Wolong Lake
Authors: Ma Shanshan , Geng Shicong , Wang Guofeng , Yang Shuo , Ma Rui , Gao Yu
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the heavy metal content in the surface sediment of 20 sampling points in Wolong Lake of Shenyang was analyzed. The accumulation degree and potential risk of heavy metal pollution in the sediment were evaluated by the geological accumulation index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that the order of the six heavy metals accumulation index was Cd> Zn > Ni > Cr> Cu > Pb. According to the relevant evaluation standards, the main heavy metal pollutant in the sediment was Cd, and the risk order of ecological hazards was Cd> Ni > Cu > Zn = Pb> Cr. The evaluation of potential ecological risk index showed that the risk level of heavy metals in the sediment of Wolong Lake was low.
Subjective Assessment Research of Middle Pressure Regulator Boxes in Urban Gas Industry
Authors: Sun Dezhi , Xin Yan , Zhao Yang , Kang Jian , Ni Zhiguo , Li Mengyin , Chong Wanchen , Zhang Zifeng
Published: February 2021

In urban gas industry there are many middle pressure regulator boxes which locate in noise sensitive areas like Class 1 and Class 2 acoustic environment functional areas in where exist strict noise emission limit requirement. Compared with high pressure regulation stations these middle pressure ones generate lower level noise but they are still complained because of the boundary noise excessive emission caused by direct exposure outdoors and lack of noise control treatment like acoustic enclosures, sound barriers and walls’ baffle. Most of the existing research focused on the parameters like noise sound pressure level, sound power level and so on of these regulator boxes, and there is little achievement about the subjective assessment of the noise generated by them. But the values of noise subjective assessment are the major reasons and influential index of the surrounding environmental complaints. In this paper, some objective values of subjective assessment base on several typical middle pressure regulator boxes noise emission during gas supply peak are measured, calculated and analyzed, the results offer the scientific evidence for the noise control and subjective feeling improvement of these boxes.
Two-Stage Damage Detection of Beam Structure Based on Improved PSO Algorithm
Authors: Debing Zhuo , Hui Cao , Weifeng Niu
Published: February 2021

In order to solve the problem of damage location and degree identification of beam structure under multiple damage and small damage condition, a two-stage recognition method based on the improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was proposed. Firstly, the first stage damage localization is carried out. The D-S evidence theory fusion algorithm is used to fuse element damage variable and element stiffness reduction coefficient. Then, the improved PSO algorithm is used to update the location results and accurately quantify the damage. The results of simulation and experiment show that the two-stage recognition method can identify the damage locations and detect the damage extent precisely for multi-damage and small damage, and has the advantage of good anti-noise performance.
Research on vehicle performance test based on DirectInput data acquisition
Authors: Gui Gensheng , Li Longhui
Published: February 2021

Aiming at the high cost of high-performance driving simulator at present, a low-cost vehicle simulation system with universal applicability was developed based on Microsoft Visual C++6.0 software platform. A data acquisition interface program based on DirectInput components and the real-time data acquisition program of driving operation was designed. Based on the dynamic model of vehicle simulation, a data output conversion model was established for the driver operation input collected in real time. For real-time vehicle dynamics simulation model, the real-time simulation control process was realized, the simulation description and decoding quality of the ground, hanging, no suspension quality coordinate system and the real-time simulation for buses with nine degrees of freedom dynamic model were established. Finally, the real-time and reliability of the simulation system were verified through the simulation test. The experiment results show that the average response time of the simulation system is 11.465ms. Emergency braking time is 4.40s with an error of 4.762%. The braking distance is 70.145m and the error is 5.959%.
Fault analysis of cement pole and wire in 110kV transmission line
Authors: Li Wei , Qiao Lei , Feng Chao , Xie Yi , Long Yi , Liu Weike
Published: February 2021

The trip on the 110kV transmission line was caused by the collapse of cement pole and disconnection of wire. A series of tests including macro check, dimensional measurement, mechanical property test and metallographic observation, have been carried out for the failure investigation. The experimental results showed that the failure of #43 pole was caused by combination of the rusting and breakage of transmission line under corrosive conditions and the unqualified hoops cannot bear the impact load and unbalanced tension of broken wires. At the same time, the corresponding supervision measures concerning about the design and purchase of materials used in Grid system and operation and maintenance inspection requirements were also put forward.
Study on Economic Operation and Optimal Dispatching of VPP
Authors: Song Xinxin , Gui Shunsheng , Shan Chunhong , Wang Shitao , Wang Lulu
Published: February 2021

Large scale grid-connected wind power will have a great impact on the power grid. In order to ensure the safetyof power grid operation, it is necessary to quickly adjust the load of thermal power plants to stabilize the fluctuation ofwind power output. The economy of thermal power unit is poor in low load operation, and the safety and service life of theunit will be reduced when the load is adjusted frequently. In order to solve the problems, wind and thermal powercomplementarity is proposed, and the wind farm and thermal power plant constitute a virtual power plant (VPP) toparticipate in the grid dispatching. A multi-objective optimal dispatching model of VPP considering economy and rapidity isestablished, which is solved by improving genetic algorithm. The results show that the multi-objective optimal dispatchingmodel can make the economy of VPP the best on the premise of meeting the requirements of grid dispatching time throughthe simulation of differentscenarios. Furthermore, the strategy of selecting the weight coefficient of multi-objectiveoptimization model is given, and the wind power consumption capacity of VPP is analysed.
Studies and Prospects of Technologies for Monitoring Highway Tunnel Fire
Authors: Lu Yi , Liu Shuai , Tian Fang , Chen Jianzhong , Deng Shiqiang
Published: February 2021

Because the tunnel fire poses a great threat to the personal and property safety of the trapped people, it is urgent to monitor the tunnel fire in real time, which will help the emergency rescue and evacuation of the tunnel fire accidents. This paper summarizes the studies of technologies for detecting highway tunnel fire and traffic accidents, and discusses the prospect of monitoring the fire of tunnel vehicles through video images.
Reliability Analysis of Deflection Control of Prestressed Concrete Crane Beam
Authors: Hu Yukun , Yao Jitao , Du Jing
Published: February 2021

The report is intended to establish the reliability analysis method of prestressed concrete crane beam and analyze its influence factors. Previous studies have shown that due to lack of an appropriate probability model to accurately reflect the random variables of the vertical crane load and determination of variable effect by the maximum value of the combination of random variables, the deflection control level is unknown. Therefore, to make up for the deficiency, the design method of deflection control of prestressed concrete crane beam was analyzed using the probability model of crane vertical load and the stochastic process combination method. Then, the reliability indexes of prestressed concrete crane beams required not to crack and prestressed concrete crane beams allowed to crack are calculated under different control years, and the factors affecting the deflection control are analyzed. The results revealed that it is appropriate for reliability control of prestressed concrete crane beam required not to crack, but a little conservative for reliability control of prestressed concrete crane beam allowed to crack in the national standard GB 50153-2008[1], which can be adjusted. From these results, it is recommended that reliability control level can be adjusted appropriately according to the importance of influencing factors.
Discussion on Experimental Teaching of Mechanics of Materials
Authors: Enyang Zhu , Yihe Wang , Shaokun Wang
Published: February 2021

Based on the teaching practice of both the theory and experiment of mechanics of materials by the author, discussion is attempted to add into experimental teaching part. In the discussion, some hidden correlations, perceptual cognitions and interesting problems are illustrated. This attempt is confirmed to be effective in improving the understanding of mechanics knowledge of the undergraduate students and in promoting the combination of theoretical teaching and experimental teaching of mechanics of materials.
Investigation on the dynamic shear modulus of fiber-reinforced sand
Authors: Liu Jia , Li Xi’an , Li Gang , Zhang Jinli
Published: February 2021

As a new type of composite material, fiber-reinforced soil has attracted much attention due to its good dispersibility, mechanical properties and durability. Based on the dynamic triaxial test, the dynamic characteristics of polypropylene fiber-reinforced sand were studied, and the effects of fiber content (w), fiber length (lf
), and cyclic stress ratio (CSR) on the dynamic shear modulus (G) of polypropylene fiber-reinforced sand were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the curves of dynamic shear modulus ratio (G/G0
) and cycles ratio (N/NL
) had piecewise linear characteristics. The slope of the curves was small before the segment point, whereas was large after the segment point. The G/G0 decreased with the increasing of the CSR, whereas the effect of w, lf
and CSR on the curve was not significant. The curves of G/G0
and dissipated energy per unit volume ratio (W/WL
) also had piecewise linear characteristics. The G/G0 decreased rapidly as the increasing of W/WL
until it was close to 0, and then kept stable. The decreasing rate of G/G0
at low CSR was greater than that at high CSR, which indicated that high CSR had great affect on the G.
Availability analysis of precipitation forecast results in reservoir flood control operation in Anqiu
Authors: Wei Zhaozhen , Liu Lili , Wang Guanghui , Yang Dawei
Published: February 2021

Anqiuis located in the Weihe River basin. The precipitation is mainly concentrated in the flood season. There are more than 100 large, medium and small reservoirs such as Shangzhuang reservoir and Moushan reservoir. It is of great significance for reservoir operation and flood control decision-making to study the accuracy of precipitation forecast in flood season in Anqiu and to analyse the availability of the forecast results.
Influence of anchor cable failure on a supporting system of pile anchor foundation pit
Authors: Song Weili , Liu Yan , Zheng Quanming
Published: February 2021

The prestressed anchor cable plays an important role in controlling the deformation of the foundation pit. The failure of anchor cable will cause a series of safety problems of foundation pit. Aiming at this problem, with a deep foundation pit in Jinan as the engineering background, the deformation laws of the supporting structure caused by the failure of single-row anchor cables and local anchor cables are studied. For the failure of a single row of anchor cables, when the first row of anchor cables fails, the horizontal displacement of the pile body is the largest at the top of the pile, which has the most obvious impact on the deformation of the supporting pile. When the first row of anchor cables fails in a combination of 1, 2, 4, 9, 17, or 34 in the positive direction of the X-axis, the horizontal displacement of the pile top at the failure point will increase with the number of anchor cable failures. the greater the increase in displacement, the greater the axial force of the two anchor cables near the point of failure.
Multiple Face Detection Using Haar - AdaBoosting, LBP-AdaBoosting and Neural Networks
Authors: Devi B.Thirumaleshwari , Shitharth S.
Published: February 2021

Multiple Face Detection may be a process of identifying or recognizing quite one face on a picture. Face detections have recently attracted increasing interests thanks to the multitude of applications that end in format. There are numerous methods for identifying the face on the image but here we are using ‘Haar-AdaBoost’, ‘LBP-AdaBoost’, and ‘Neural Networks’ for identifying the faces on the image. And also we are comparing each of the methods to urge which method is giving highly accurate results and which method is giving results very quickly. In humans, by seeing the positions of Eyes, Nose, and Mouth another person can identify the face. The neural mechanism within the brain controls these all and provides the result. We are implementing an equivalent concept on the machine so that the machine can identify the faces by using the positions of the Eyes, Nose, and Mouth. The machine will identify quite one face or multiple faces within the image by using this, and that we also can compare which algorithm will provide a good percentage of accurate results.
Human Action Recognition Using A Novel Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Kumar Badhagouni Suresh , Raju S. Viswanadha , Reddy H.Venkateswara
Published: February 2021

Behavior human analysis is always a significant aspect in societal communication. The human behavior analysis is developed based on few factors like human activity and action recognition. Human action recognition is an significant feature in different safety fields. The assessment of the action recognition algorithm depends on the appropriate extraction and the learning data. In the human action recognition, classification plays the major role so in order to this effectively Gated Recurrent Neural Network is used with an increased computation level. Feature extraction is one of the essential factor in human action recognition it will influence the performance and computation time of the algorithm. This paper presented an approach for human action recognition based on new mixture deep learning model. The proposed method is evaluated on the different data sets like UCF Sports, KTH and UCF101. On UCF Sports data set the proposed method has given an average of 96.8%.
Descriptors of atoms and structure information for predicting properties of crystalline materials
Authors: Lee Jonggul , Shin Jungho , Ko Tae-Wook , Lee Seunghee , Chang Hyunju , Hyon YunKyong
Published: February 2021

Machine learning (ML) has increasingly been of interest in the design of new materials. However, it is still challenging to exploit an ML model in this field because its performance highly depends on the representation of materials, its properties, and the amount of data. In this study, for the cases of prediction of properties of crystalline materials, we explore a systematic comparison of two state-of-the-art frameworks: Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (CGCNNs) and the Sure Independence Screening and Sparsifying Operator (SISSO). The common key advantage of these two models is the fact that painstakingly handcrafted descriptors from simple material properties are not required. The main differences between the two models are (1) the use of structure information in the arbitrary size of compounds (CGCNN) and (2) limited interpretability (CGCNN) but simple and analytic relations between descriptor-property (SISSO). Using these two ML algorithms we evaluate the prediction performance on the target properties, which are band gap, formation energy, and elasticity of crystalline compounds in the database of Materials Project (MP). Moreover, to improve prediction of the properties of the materials without human bias in the selection of initial atomic features for the CGCNNs, we use Atom2Vec that provides atom representation obtained in an unsupervised manner from the materials. We also perform the predictions with the different sizes of training set to investigate the data-size dependency of the predictive models. According to the amount of dataset, the use of structural information, and the ability to identify the best descriptor with its interpretability, these algorithms showed different prediction performances. This result will enable researchers in materials discovery to gain appropriate choices and insights in various attempts to improve the prediction performance of crystalline materials’ properties.
Nanoscale investigation of two-photon polymerized microstructures with tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kazantseva Anastasiya V , Chernykh Elena A , Crook Cameron , Garcia Evan P , Fishman Dmitry A , Potma Eric O , Valdevit Lorenzo , Kharintsev Sergey S , Baldacchini Tommaso
Published: February 2021

We demonstrate the use of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) on polymeric microstructures fabricated by two-photon polymerization direct laser writing (TPP-DLW). Compared to the signal intensity obtained in confocal Raman microscopy, a linear enhancement of almost two times is measured when using TERS. Because the probing volume is much smaller in TERS than in confocal Raman microscopy, the effective signal enhancement is estimated to be ca. 104. We obtain chemical maps of TPP microstructures using TERS with relatively short acquisition times and with high spatial resolution as defined by the metallic tip apex radius of curvature. We take advantage of this high resolution to study the homogeneity of the polymer network in TPP microstructures printed in an acrylic-based resin. We find that the polymer degree of conversion varies by about 30% within a distance of only 100 nm. The combination of high resolution topographical and chemical data delivered by TERS provides an effective analytical tool for studying TPP-DLW materials in a non-destructive way.
Delayed transfers of care for older people: a wider perspective
Authors: Hinde Sebastian , Bojke Laura , Richardson Gerry , Birks Yvonne , Whittaker William , Wilberforce Mark , Clegg Andrew
Published: February 2021

Delayed transfers of care (DTOC), often unhelpfully referred to as ‘bed blocking’, has become a byword for waste and inefficiency in healthcare systems throughout the world. An estimated 2.7 million bed days are occupied each year in England by older people no longer in need of acute treatment, estimated to cost £820 million (2014/15) in inpatient care. Policy and media attention have often been drawn to this narrative of financial waste, resulting in policy setting that directly targets the level of DTOC, but has done little to put patient health first.

These figures and policies portray a misleading image of the delays as primarily of concern in terms of their financial burden on acute hospital care, with little consideration given to the quantification on patient health or wider societal impacts. In spite of the multi-factorial decision-making process that occurs for each patient discharge, current evaluation frameworks and national policy setting fail to reflect the complexity of the process.

In this commentary, we interrogate the current approach to the quantification of the DTOC impact and explore how policies and evaluation methods can do more to reflect the true impact of the delays.
Abdominal obesity, body mass index and the risk of frailty in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Linli , Chang Meilian , Wang Jing
Published: February 2021

Obese older people are more likely to be frail than those with a normal body mass index (BMI), but the results of individual studies have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between obesity and the risk of frailty, and whether there was a relationship between BMI and frailty, in community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years. Eight databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBSCO, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception to August 2020. Relative risks for incident frailty were pooled using a random-effects model. We found a positive association between abdominal obesity and frailty [relative risk (RR) = 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–1.91, I2 = 48.1%, P = 0.086, six observational studies, 18,764 subjects]. People in the higher category of waist circumference had a pooled 57% higher risk of frailty than those with a normal waist circumference. In addition, a total of 12 observational studies comprising 37,985 older people were included in the meta-analysis on the relationship between BMI and the risk for frailty. Taking the normal BMI as the reference group, the pooled RR of frailty risk ranged from 1.45 (95% CI 1.10–1.90, I2 = 83.3%; P < 0.01) for the underweight group, to 0.93 (95% CI 0.85–1.02, I2 = 34.6%; P = 0.114) for the overweight group and to 1.40 (95% CI 1.17–1.67, I2 = 86.1%; P < 0.01) for the obese group. We have shown that obesity or underweight is associated with an increased risk of frailty in community-dwelling older adults.
IDH1 and IDH2 Mutations in Colorectal Cancers
Authors: Huang Jialing , Tseng Li-Hui , Parini Vamsi , Lokhandwala Parvez M , Pallavajjala Aparna , Rodriguez Erika , Xian Rena , Chen Liam , Gocke Christopher D , Eshleman James R , Lin Ming-Tseh
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To elucidate clinicopathologic and molecular characteristics of IDH1 and IDH2 (IDH1/2) mutations in colorectal cancers (CRCs).

Methods

We evaluated IDH1/2 mutations in 1,623 CRCs using a next-generation sequencing assay.

Results

IDH1/2 mutations, predominantly IDH1 p.R132C, were detected in 15 (0.9%) CRCs and in 5 (3.0%) of 167 BRAF p.V600E–mutated CRCs. Three IDH1/2-mutated CRCs were associated with inflammatory bowel disease. They were significantly associated with old age, mucinous or signet ring cell adenocarcinoma, and high-grade histomorphology. Concordance of variant allele frequency between IDH1/2 mutants and other trunk drivers in CRCs and presence of IDH1/2 mutation in the adenoma and early adenocarcinoma indicated IDH1/2 mutations could be trunk drivers suitable for targeted therapy.

Conclusions

IDH1/2 mutations in CRCs were uncommon but enriched in BRAF p.V600E–mutated CRCs and perhaps colitis-associated CRCs. Further studies on IDH1/2-mutated CRCs are needed to clarify their clinicopathologic features and implications for targeted therapy.
Fine-scale habitat selection limits trade-offs between foraging and temperature in a grassland bird
Authors: Londe David W , Elmore R Dwayne , Davis Craig A , Fuhlendorf Samuel D , Hovick Torre J , Luttbeg Barney , Rutledge Jimmy
Published: February 2021

Many species are frequently faced with the decision about how to balance the use of thermal refuge against access to food resources. We evaluated the habitat use of female greater prairie chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) to assess the potential for trade-offs between thermal conditions and food resources during the habitat selection process. Our objectives were to 1) compare near-ground temperatures, invertebrate availability, and vegetation characteristics at sites used by greater prairie chickens to conditions at random landscape locations in various time since fire patches and 2) assess changes in conditions at used sites throughout the day to determine if selection for resources changes relative to ambient conditions, resulting in trade-offs between foraging sites and thermal refuge. We found that greater prairie chickens primarily used patches 0–12 months postfire that had relatively high abundances and biomasses of invertebrates compared to other time since fire patches. Greater prairie chickens further modified their selection at relatively fine spatial scales within these food-rich patches to select for areas with cooler temperatures during the hottest part of the day. The use of thermal refuge did not appear to influence the access to food resources as invertebrate abundance and biomass at used sites were consistent throughout the day. Our results show that food resources and thermal cover influences habitat selection for greater prairie chickens, but there was little evidence for trade-offs during the habitat selection process. Consideration of spatial and temporal scales is critical for evaluating trade-offs in habitat selection for animals and this research provides insights into the decision-making process by prairie chickens.
SBGN Bricks Ontology as a tool to describe recurring concepts in molecular networks
Authors: Rougny Adrien , Touré Vasundra , Albanese John , Waltemath Dagmar , Shirshov Denis , Sorokin Anatoly , Bader Gary D , Blinov Michael L , Mazein Alexander
Published: February 2021

A comprehensible representation of a molecular network is key to communicating and understanding scientific results in systems biology. The Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) has emerged as the main standard to represent such networks graphically. It has been implemented by different software tools, and is now largely used to communicate maps in scientific publications. However, learning the standard, and using it to build large maps, can be tedious. Moreover, SBGN maps are not grounded on a formal semantic layer and therefore do not enable formal analysis. Here, we introduce a new set of patterns representing recurring concepts encountered in molecular networks, called SBGN bricks. The bricks are structured in a new ontology, the Bricks Ontology (BKO), to define clear semantics for each of the biological concepts they represent. We show the usefulness of the bricks and BKO for both the template-based construction and the semantic annotation of molecular networks. The SBGN bricks and BKO can be freely explored and downloaded at sbgnbricks.org.
Machine learning on ligand-residue interaction profiles to significantly improve binding affinity prediction
Authors: Ji Beihong , He Xibing , Zhai Jingchen , Zhang Yuzhao , Man Viet Hoang , Wang Junmei
Published: February 2021

Structure-based virtual screenings (SBVSs) play an important role in drug discovery projects. However, it is still a challenge to accurately predict the binding affinity of an arbitrary molecule binds to a drug target and prioritize top ligands from an SBVS. In this study, we developed a novel method, using ligand-residue interaction profiles (IPs) to construct machine learning (ML)-based prediction models, to significantly improve the screening performance in SBVSs. Such a kind of the prediction model is called an IP scoring function (IP-SF). We systematically investigated how to improve the performance of IP-SFs from many perspectives, including the sampling methods before interaction energy calculation and different ML algorithms. Using six drug targets with each having hundreds of known ligands, we conducted a critical evaluation on the developed IP-SFs. The IP-SFs employing a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) algorithm in conjunction with the MIN + GB simulation protocol achieved the best overall performance. Its scoring power, ranking power and screening power significantly outperformed the Glide SF. First, compared with Glide, the average values of mean absolute error and root mean square error of GBDT/MIN + GB decreased about 38 and 36%, respectively. Second, the mean values of squared correlation coefficient and predictive index increased about 225 and 73%, respectively. Third, more encouragingly, the average value of the areas under the curve of receiver operating characteristic for six targets by GBDT, 0.87, is significantly better than that by Glide, which is only 0.71. Thus, we expected IP-SFs to have broad and promising applications in SBVSs.
Provoking a Cultural Shift in Data Quality
Authors: McCord Sarah E , Webb Nicholas P , Van Zee Justin W , Burnett Sarah H , Christensen Erica M , Courtright Ericha M , Laney Christine M , Lunch Claire , Maxwell Connie , Karl Jason W , Slaughter Amalia , Stauffer Nelson G , Tweedie Craig
Published: February 2021

Ecological studies require quality data to describe the nature of ecological processes and to advance understanding of ecosystem change. Increasing access to big data has magnified both the burden and the complexity of ensuring quality data. The costs of errors in ecology include low use of data, increased time spent cleaning data, and poor reproducibility that can result in a misunderstanding of ecosystem processes and dynamics, all of which can erode the efficacy of and trust in ecological research. Although conceptual and technological advances have improved ecological data access and management, a cultural shift is needed to embed data quality as a cultural practice. We present a comprehensive data quality framework to evoke this cultural shift. The data quality framework flexibly supports different collaboration models, supports all types of ecological data, and can be used to describe data quality within both short- and long-term ecological studies.
‘Private Family Arrangements’ for Children in Ireland: The Informal Grey Space In-Between State Care and the Family Home
Authors: Burns Kenneth , O’Mahony Conor , Brennan Rebekah
Published: February 2021

The literature on alternative care focuses overwhelmingly on formal, court-ordered placements; voluntary care placements are discussed less frequently. Least attention of all has been given to informal kinship care placements, where a child is cared for by relatives but is not formally in the legal care of state authorities. In Ireland, these placements, when facilitated by state authorities in lieu of a care order or voluntary care agreement, are known by professionals as ‘private family arrangements’. This article explores evidence which shows that the use of such arrangements is motivated partly by a concern for subsidiarity, and partly by necessity: they provide a source of placements in cases where regulatory requirements and a lack of resources would otherwise make the placement challenging or impossible. However, this strategy carries significant risks. Private family arrangements receive less support and oversight from state authorities than formal care placements, and family members providing care under this model have no legal rights or responsibilities in respect of the child(ren). This places the child(ren) in a precarious position and raises concerns regarding a lack of equity of care. The article will illustrate the impact of these concerns and make recommendations for reform.