bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indoprofen in Rheumatic Patients with Acute Episodes: A Multicentre Trial
Authors: Ambanelli U , Bassi G , Bianchi V , Carcassi U , Caruso I , Colombo B , Goretti P , Mansoldo G , Marcolongo R , Pasero G , Pellegrini P , Pipitone V , Rubegni M , Todesco S , Accardo S , Bedendo A , Cervi G , Chérié-Lignière G , Ciompi M , Fumagalli M , Giordano N , Lavezzari M , Loizzi P , Manganelli P , Perpignano G , Provvedi D , Rossi R
Published: June 2017

The results are reported of an open multicentre trial in 228 rheumatic patients with flare-ups. Fourteen centres adopting the same investigational protocol collaborated in the study.

Indoprofen was administered for 1 week at a daily dosage of 1000 mg according to a treatment schedule used with success in acute gouty arthritis: a 400 mg i.v. bolus was followed by 200 mg (1 tablet) t.i.d. Subjective (pain) and objective variables were used for reliable assessment of activity.

Marked reduction of pain intensity was already noticeable on day 1 of treatment and was followed by progressive improvement in subjective and objective variables for all the diagnoses considered.

According to the patients' own overall assessments, results were good or very good in more than 50% of cases. The best outcomes were obtained in low back pain, acute gout and psoriatic arthritis. At the end of treatment only 7·4% of patients experienced no change or deterioration of symptoms.

Adverse reactions, consisting mostly of mild and reversible gastrointestinal disturbances, were reported by 9·2% of patients, but only in 1·8% was treatment discontinued.

Indoprofen administered according to the above schedule is an appropriate treatment for acute episodes of rheumatic diseases.
A Double-Blind Comparison of Meptazinol and Placebo in Patients with Acute and Chronic Pain Presenting to the General Practitioner
Authors: Parker C E , Langrick A F
Published: June 2017

In a double-blind study the analgesic efficacy and acceptability of meptazinol 200 mg was compared with placebo in patients suffering from acute or chronic pain. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either 200 mg of meptazinol or one tablet of placebo 4 to 6 hourly over a 14-day period. Clinical evaluations were made by the physician at baseline and again at the end of the study. The patients made daily recordings of pain using a visual analogue scale. The results showed that meptazinol was a more effective and acceptable analgesic than placebo. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse effects reported by patients in either treatment group.
Alclometasone Dipropionate in Psoriasis: A Clinical Study
Authors: Aggerwal Anand , Maddin Stuart
Published: June 2017

In a parallel group design, and using a ‘blind evaluator’ technique, alclometasone cream 0·05% and clobetasone butyrate cream 0·5% applied twice a day for 21 days were compared in thirty-one patients presenting with psoriasis. Erythema, induration and scaling were assessed at the start of treatment. Seven, 14 and 21 days later, effects of the two treatments were assessed and recorded together with the physician's global evaluation of overall improvement. Both drugs had similar beneficial effects on the clinical signs. No adverse experience was reported and the overall results indicate that alclometasone and clobetasone have comparable efficacy and safety.
Four-Week Tolerance Study of Chlormezanone for the Treatment of Insomnia in the Elderly
Authors: Ghosh A K
Published: June 2017

A 4-week study of chlormezanone was carried out in thirty-two patients admitted to a geriatric ward and requiring regular night sedation. Two patients required 400 mg nightly, the remainder only 200 mg nightly. The duration and quality of sleep, and frequency of awaking refreshed, all improved during chlormezanone therapy. There was no deterioration in mental agility test performance. There were no serious side-effects, no significant changes in blood urea or liver function tests, and no evidence of drug accumulation. It is concluded that chlormezanone appears to be a well tolerated drug for elderly patients with sleep disturbance meriting further controlled evaluation.
The Effect of Postprandial Hypotension on Rehabilitation of the Frail Elderly with Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Farnsworth T A , Heseltine D
Published: June 2017

A total of 15 elderly patients recovering from stroke were included in a random, observer-blind, crossover trial to investigate the effects of postprandial cardiovascular changes. Exercise capability, sitting and erect blood pressure and heart rate were recorded pre- and postprandially; a control group received water only. Exercise capability decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) in the control group, but not in the test group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the erect position post-exercise were significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced in the test group 15 min after eating; in the control group there was no significant change. A significant ( P < 0.05) increase in heart rate in the erect position was seen postprandially in the test group after exercise, but not in the control group. All other changes recorded did not reach statistical significance. No reduction in exercise capability occurred in patients exhibiting postprandial hypotension after food, as simultaneous increases in heart rate probably resulted in output being maintained.
Platelet Factor 4, β-Thromboglobulin and Thrombospondin Levels in Type I Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Bayraktar M , Dündar S , Kirazli S , Teletar F
Published: June 2017

The proteins β-thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4 and thrombospondin are stored in platelet α-granules and released from the platelet by the release reaction. The assays of these proteins were studied in patients with type I diabetes mellitus ( n = 30) and a healthy control group ( n = 15). Platelet factor 4 and β-thromboglobulin levels were not significantly different in both groups but thrombospondin concentrations in diabetic patients were significantly higher than those of the control group (136.6 ± 14.2 ng/ml vs 91.2 ± 14.3 ng/ml, P < 0.05). When the diabetic patients were divided into those with or without complications, the diabetic patients with complications ( n = 11) had significantly elevated plasma thrombospondin concentrations compared with the control group (150.4 ± 23.7 ng/ml vs 91.2 ± 14.3 ng/ml, P < 0.05), while thrombospondin concentrations in the control group were not statistically different from the diabetic patients without complications. Plasma β-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 levels were not significantly different between the diabetic and the control group. It is suggested that thrombospondin may be a convenient marker of in vivo platelet release reaction.
A Study of Endotoxaemia in Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Yamamoto Y , Sezai S , Sakurabayashi S , Hirano M , Kamisaka K , Oka H
Published: June 2017

Hepatic reticuloendothelial function may be diminished in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Endotoxin concentrations in peripheral blood and in the superior mesenteric vein were measured, by the β-glucan sensitive, factor-free, endotoxin-specific limulus assay, in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and liver cirrhosis (non-PBC cirrhosis). Endotoxaemia was detected in the peripheral blood of seven out of nine patients (78%) with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis, but in only two out of thirteen patients (15%) with non-PBC cirrhosis. The endotoxin level was significantly higher in the earlier stages of primary biliary cirrhosis than in the later stages ( P < 0.05). The endotoxin level in superior mesenteric vein blood was significantly lower in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis than in patients with non-PBC cirrhosis. Peripheral endotoxaemia in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis may be due to the diminished capacity of the hepatic reticuloendothelial system, for phagocytosis of endotoxin.
Serum Levels of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Soluble Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 in Liver Disease, and Their Changes by Treatment with Interferon
Authors: Marui A , Fukuda Y , Koyama Y , Nakano I , Urano F , Yamada M , Hayakawa T
Published: June 2017

Serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with chronic hepatitis ( n = 57), liver cirrhosis ( n = 19) and hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 33). Serum levéis of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were significantly higher in liver disease than those in controls ( P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0005, respectively). A total of 22 patients with chronic hepatitis C were treated with interferon. Pretreatment levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were not significantly different between complete responders and non-responders. In complete responders, serum sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 levels 1 year after interferon treatment significantly decreased compared to the pretreatment levels ( P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). Post-treatment levels of sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in complete responders were also significantly lower than those in non-responders ( P < 0.005 and P < 0.05, respectively). This suggests that monitoring soluble adhesion molecules might be useful in the follow-up of patients with liver disease.
Partial Effective Time (teffp7): A New Spirometric Parameter for Lung Function Assessment
Authors: Tatsis G , Jordanoglou J
Published: June 2017

A new spirometric parameter for lung function assessment, the effective time at the 60 – 70% part of the forced vital capacity of the lung (teffp7), was considered. A total of 79 subjects were studied in two groups, A and B. In group A (5 healthy non-smokers, 22 patients with obstructive lung disease and 22 with pulmonary fibrosis), forced exhalation and the Helium closed-circuit technique were performed. From these tests, a number of lung function parameters were calculated, including teffp7. In group B (30 patients with bronchial asthma), the same tests were carried out before and 15 min after the administration of two puffs of a bronchodiluent, a β2-stimulant. From these tests, various lung function measures were again calculated, as well as the change in these parameters after bronchodilatation.

The study shows that teffp7 is a more sensitive index than all the other parameters considered for determining airways condition, either in healthy subjects or in those with airways obstruction. In patients with pulmonary fibrosis, the other parameters considered are also less sensitive than teffp7. From the study of the change after bronchodilatation in patients with bronchial asthma, change in teffp7 was greater than in any other parameter. As teffp7 was the more affected parameter, it was also the more sensitive index for diagnosis of airways obstruction.

In conclusion, teffp7 is a sensitive index for the diagnosis of airways obstruction or lung restriction, and it is markedly changed after bronchodilatation.
Reconstitution of Single Potassium Channels from Bovine Gallbladder Epithelium
Authors: Kyriacou E
Published: June 2017

The study of molecular transport across gall-bladder epithelium may contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiology of gall-bladder disease. The aim of this study was to reconstitute and characterize single potassium ion channels in bovine gall-bladder epithelial mucosa – both apical and basolateral aspects. Standard subcellular fractionation techniques were used to form either apical or basolateral closed-membrane vesicles from the mucosal epithelium of fresh gall bladders from healthy young adult cattle. Vesicular ion channels were incorporated into voltage-clamped planar lipid bilayers under known ionic conditions and their conductances, reversal potentials, and voltages were characterized. Low-conductance voltage-insensitive apical membrane vesicle channels of at least four conductance levels were found (mean ± SD): 12 ± 4 pS, n = 10; 40 ± 12 pS, n = 4; 273 ± 31 pS, n = 3; and 151 ± 24 pS, n = 5. Conductances of potassium ion channels in basolateral membrane vesicles were in the range 9–450 pS, and these channels included high-conductance calcium-activated potassium-ion channels ‘K(Ca)’ which were voltage- and calcium-dependent.
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Picotamide, a Dual-Action Antithromboxane Agent, in Diabetic Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis: A 6-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Coto V , Oliviero U , Cocozza M , Milani M
Published: June 2017

In a controlled, randomized, 6-year trial the safety and efficacy of picotamide, a dual-action antithromboxane agent, were assessed in 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at increased risk of thrombotic vascular events. The patients were randomized to two groups of equal size and received 900 mg picotamide daily or placebo. After phase I (double-blind; years 1–2), patients receiving placebo were treated, if necessary, with antiplatelet drugs (aspirin, ticlopidine) while members of the other group continued to receive 600 mg picotamide daily. In the course of the study 21 vascular events occurred: 16 in the group receiving placebo (fatal myocardial infarction, n = 7; non-fatal stroke, n = 3) and five in the group receiving drug (fatal myocardial infarction, n = 2) ( P < 0.005; Fisher's exact test). One patient (placebo group) died of malignant disease. During the initial double-blind phase a total of nine vascular events was observed (six and three in the groups receiving placebo and drug, respectively). Picotamide treatment was well tolerated and no major side-effects were observed during the study periods.
Antithrombin III, Protein C and Protein S Plasma Levels in Patients with Behçet's Disease
Authors: Nalçaci M , Pekçelen Y
Published: June 2017

The association between natural inhibitors of coagulation and thrombophilia was investigated in 35 patients with Behçet's disease. Antithrombin III and protein C levels were measured using synthetic chromogenic substrate methods, and protein S levels by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There were no significant differences between patients and controls in plasma antithrombin III, protein C and free protein S concentrations. We conclude that there was no evidence of a primary coagulation inhibitor abnormality in patients with Behçet's disease.
Fluconazole Orally Dispersible Tablets for the Treatment of Patients with Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Authors: Vandercam B , Gibbs D , Valtonen M , Jäger H , Armignacco O
Published: June 2017

The efficacy and tolerability of fluconazole orally dispersible tablets (ODT) in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis was evaluated in this multicentre non-comparative study. A total of 89 adults with signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis were enrolled; 70 of whom completed therapy with fluconazole ODT 100 mg once daily for 7–14 days. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/ AIDS-related complex was an underlying illness in 69% of patients (61). An antimicrobial and corticosteroid therapy was given in 52% (46) and 20% (18) of patients, respectively. Of the 60 patients who had baseline signs and symptoms of infection and a culture positive for Candida albicans, 90% (54) were cured or had improved at the end of therapy, and the fungal pathogen was eradicated in 19/57 (33%) patients. At the 4-week post-treatment follow-up, signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis were absent in 73% (27/37) patients. The adverse events and laboratory abnormalities recorded during the study period were attributable to underlying illnesses rather than to fluconazole therapy. These results indicate that this novel dosage form of fluconazole is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis.
Granulombildungen in der Lunge des Huhnes
Authors: Gylstorff I.
Published: June 2017

The granuloma is a significant form of inflammatory response in chickens, and the various bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa which elicit granulomas are discussed. The granuloma is a frequent and important lesion of the lung in chickens, the inciting infection reaching this organ by the hematogenous or aerogenous route. The anatomy of the avian respiratory tract influences the pathogenesis of granulomatous inflammation; these anatomic features are described. It has not yet been determined whether any pulmonary necrosis, given sufficient time, can develop into a granuloma, or whether the process requires the participation of certain specific infectious agents.
Studies on the Pathology of Experimental Lantana (Lantana camara L.) Poisoning of Sheep
Authors: Seawright A. A.
Published: June 2017

A study was made of experimental poisoning of 10 sheep given powdered lantana leaf at 6g/kg and 12g/kg body weight after periods up to 96 hours of deprivation of food and water. Jaundice and photosensitization were evident in almost all animals after three days. At necropsy the most severely affected sheep showed necrosis of the liver and kidney, and pulmonary oedema. Less severely affected sheep showed vacuolar or hydropic degeneration of the hepatic peripheral parenchymal cells, bile ductule hyperplasia and slight portal cirrhosis while centrolobular cells remained normal. Myocardial necrosis and scarring were present in the hearts of some sheep. Hydropic and fatty degeneration of the tubular epithelium of the kidneys was seen in the acute phase and cast formation, occlusion and cystic dilatation of proximal tubules were present in the more chronic stages associated with dehydration.
Studies on Renal Pathology in Reptiles
Authors: Zwart P.
Published: June 2017

The literature on the gross and microscopic anatomy and on the physiology of the reptilian kidney is reviewed. The presence of a double blood supply—arterial to the glomeruli and venous to the proximal tubules—is of particular interest. A survey is made of the renal lesions observed in autopsies of 110 reptiles from the zoological parks at Amsterdam and Rotterdam, comprising 58 lizards, 39 snakes, 12 tortoises and 1 crocodile. The conditions observed encompass anomalies; degenerative and inflammatory lesions; calcific and gouty depositions; bacterial infections, including tuberculosis; and parasitism by amoebae and by renal coccidia, the latter a new species of Klossiella. Renal parasitism was also observed by microfilariae and by arthropod nymphs of the order Pentastomidae.
Gastric Ulcers in Swine
Authors: Nafstad Inger , Tollersrud Sverre , Baustad B⊘rge
Published: June 2017

The effects of saturated dietary fats and different protein sources on gastric ulcers in pigs were studied in two experiments. Diets with hydrogenated cocoanut oil and soybean meal replacing the cod liver oil and casein in our original ulcerogenic diet were tested. The feeding of saturated instead of unsaturated dietary fats resulted in a reduction of the severity of gastric lesions. By partly replacing casein by soybean meal or by using soybean meal as the only source of protein (at a level of 27%) no ulcers, but some epithelial changes occurred in the stomachs. Swine on a ration containing 36% soybean meal, however, had 100% normal stomachs. The results are compared to some other reported studies.
The Pathology of Proliferative Ileitis of the Golden Syrian Hamster
Authors: Boothe Arlis D. , Cheville Norman F.
Published: June 2017

Lesions of an acute and chronic ileitis of hamsters were studied. A total of 92 animals between 6 and 12 weeks old was examined. Morbidity and mortality rates were 25 to 60% and 90% respectively. The initial lesion was epithelial hyperplasia of the ileal mucosa. Severe inflammatory changes in the ileum and adjacent structures were secondary. No etiologic agent was isolated. The disease was not neoplastic.
Untersuchungen zur Pathomorphologie und Pathogenese der Aujeszkyschen Krankheit
Authors: Bergmann V. , Becker C.-H.
Published: June 2017

Lumbo-intramuscular or naso-oral infection of 15 rabbits with Aujeszky's virus consistently produced alterations in the nerve cells of the spinal ganglia, the spinal nerve roots and the spinal cord, viz. nuclear inclusions of Cowdry types A and B. Lumbar infection produced neural lesions extending continuously from the site of infection via the spinal nerve roots and spinal ganglia as far as the dorsal and ventral nuclear regions of the spinal cord. The viral lesions following nasooral infection involved electively the sympathetic centers of the spinal cord with severe alterations of the sympathetic trunk ganglia. Despite this demonstration of viral propagation along neural routes, one should not disregard the possibility of hematogenous-lymphogenic propagation.
The Histogenesis of Canine Ovarian Tumours Induced by Stilboestrol Administration
Authors: O'Shea J. D. , Jabara Anne G.
Published: June 2017

Ovarian tumours arising in dogs following administration of diethylstilbœstrol consist of proliferating surface epithelium and epithelial cell-groups closely resembling the sub-surface epithelial structures (SES) found in normal canine ovaries. The main points of similarity of the neoplastic groups to normal SES were: (a) Frequent direct attachment to the surface epithelium, (b) Limitation to the outer part of the ovarian cortex, (c) Epithelial nature and general histological features, (d) Production of a histochemically identical mucinous secretion and intracytoplasmic droplets.

The epithelial proliferation was derived mainly from the surface epithelium but some may have come from pre-existing SES. Follicular growth and maturation were suppressed.

Histochemical observations on secretory activity indicate that lesions on serosal surfaces and in lymph nodes were metastases of ovarian origin.
An Ovarian Tumor of Dual Nature in a Rhesus Monkey
Authors: Crews Louis M. , Kerber William T. , Feinman Howard
Published: June 2017

In the course of evaluating the toxicity of various anti-neoplastic agents, a female rhesus monkey was given a total of 236.50 mg of imidazolidinone in two intravenous injections 21 days apart. At the end of an observation period of 227 days after the second dose, necropsy revealed an enlarged spleen and replacement of the right ovary by a 168-gram cystic tumor. Two major and several smaller cysts were present. One of the large cavities was a typical dermoid cyst and the other was considered to be a papillary serous cystadenoma. The wall of the dermoid cyst contained several mature tissues derived predominately from the ectodermal and mesodermal cell layers.
Experimental Porcine Polioencephalomyelitis in Germfree Pigs
Authors: Long John F. , Koestner Adalbert , Liss Leopold
Published: June 2017

The neuronal changes and glial response in the spinal cord were studied by silver impregnation techniques in 23 germfree pigs orally infected with a porcine polioencephalomyelitis viras. By the sixth day swelling occurred in motor neurons. During the next 24 to 96 hours this progressed to diffuse chromatolysis, vesiculation, necrosis, and neuronophagia in massive areas of the ventral horns. Massive degeneration of axons in tracts originating in the ventral horns and from dorsal root ganglia correlated well with the extensive destruction of both motor and sensory neurons.

The initial responses to necrosis of ganglion cells were infiltration and proliferation of microglial cells. As active neuronal destruction ceased (about two weeks following infection) the microglial reaction began to decline and proliferative astrocytosis became the predominant feature. The paucity of surviving neurons in the ventral horns, and the density of the mesh of astrocytic processes marked the chronic regressive phase of the disease.
Experimental Hyperparathyroidism in Young Cats
Authors: Rowland G. N. , Capen C. C. , Nagode L. A.
Published: June 2017

Hyperparathyroidism was produced experimentally in 23 rapidly growing kittens with an immature skeleton by feeding a diet of beef heart and distilled water. The experimental diet was deficient in calcium but contained an adequate amount of phosphorus. Weekly serum analyses revealed a significant hypocalcemia after feeding the diet for 3 weeks. The parathyroid glands of experimental cats were hyperplastic and were dominated by hypertrophied light chief cells. There was a generalized decrease in density of the bones roentgenographically by the 3rd week with a loss of fine trabeculation and thinning of bone cortices in the appendicular skeleton. Clinical signs were first observed at 4 weeks. The cats developed a posterior lameness, were quiet and reluctant to move. The skeletal lesions of increased osteocytic and osteoclastic resorption, osteoblastic apposition, diminished mineral content, and replacement of resorbed bone by fibrous connective tissue were considered to be a morphologic reflection of increased secretion of parathyroid hormone. The osteitis fibrosa produced in kittens differed from the osteoporosis reported in adult cats with a mature skeleton fed a similar diet.
Enzootic Toxoplasmosis in Caged Squirrel Monkeys Saimiri sciureus
Authors: McKissick G. E. , Ratcliffe H. L. , Koestner A.
Published: June 2017

An enzootic of toxoplasmosis occurred in caged squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri sciureus, a New World primate) which resulted in 9 deaths during an interval of 22 months. Diagnosis was based on morphology of the organism, character and distribution of the lesions, and laboratory history of the monkeys. The character of the lesions was essentially necrotic. The chronological incidence of the disease and distribution of lesions and organisms are tabulated. Trypanosoma cruzi which causes Chaga's disease is differentiated morphologically from toxoplasma. Incidence and lesions of the enzootic suggest 5 factors to be considered in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis in squirrel monkeys. They are: (1) lack of protective immunity, (2) local concentration of toxin and/or catabolites of reproduction of the organism, (3) individual tissue susceptibility to the organism, (4) capillary thrombosis, and (5) ability of the individual to adapt to its environment.
Mechanical Properties of Knitted Fabric Composites
Authors: Hamada H. , Sugimoto K. , Nakai A. , Takeda N. , Gotoh S. , Ishida T.
Published: June 2017

Knitted fabric in this study is one of the textile fabrics that has been mainly used as reinforcements for applications of large scale composite structures in the United States. The structure of the knitted fabric is that unidirectional fiber bundles are orientated in multi-direction and linked with knitted yam. Therefore, the knitted fabric has good mechanical properties due to no crimps of fiber bundle and excellent drapability and so on. Their superior points can reduce the volume of stacking in a molding and cost of fabrication.

In this paper, tensile test, three points bending test and plate-bending test were performed on the knitted fabric composites to investigate basic mechanical properties. In addition, tensile test of wet-on-wet adhesive joint was carried out to investigate for the mechanical properties of large scale composite structure. In all the tests, the knitted fabric was compared with a roving cloth composite because it is a common reinforcement of large scale composite structure.
A Simulation Approach to Crystallinity Gradients Developed in the Injection Molding Process of Slowly Crystallizing Polymers
Authors: Sheng Qin , Duan Shangyu , Hsiung Chang-Meng
Published: June 2017

A modified three-dimensional (3D) rectilinear flow model is considered to study and analyze crystallinity gradients of slowly crystallizing polymers, such as syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS) and poly (p-phenylene sulfide) (PPS), developed during the injection molding process. A slit mold is used. Highly efficient computational procedures are achieved through a specially designed order-two parallel splitting formula. Detailed three dimensional crystallinity distribution, together with the temperature, pressure and velocity profiles, is predicted through the simulation and compared with experimental results with satisfaction. The computational method developed can be further generalized for more complicated flow model problems in irregular injection molds.
Ultimate Strength Failure Probability Estimation of Composite Structures
Authors: Liu X. , Mahadevan S.
Published: June 2017

A probabilistic progressive failure analysis method is opposed to estimate the ultimate strength failure probability of composite structures by combining the system reliability method with deterministic progressive failure analysis. Ply-level failure modes such as matrix cracking, fiber breakage and delamination, are considered. Probabilistically dominant ply-level failure sequences leading to overall system failure are identified using branch and bound method. The system failure probability is estimated through the union of significant failure sequences. The method is formulated in the context of three-dimensional finite element analysis of composite structures, using the first-order shear deformation theory.
Influence of Fibre-Matrix Adhesion on Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Epoxy Composites: III. Impact and Dynamic Mechanical Properties
Authors: Deng Shiqiang , Ye Lin
Published: June 2017

An experimental investigation was carried out on the graphite/epoxy composites with two different fibre surface conditions to identify the effect of fibre-matrix adhesion on the impact and dynamic mechanical properties. The results obtained from Charpy and falling weight impact tests did not show a clear influence of fibre-matrix adhesion on the impact properties of the composites. This is attributed to the highly localised damage process of impact tests, in which the main damage mechanism is the fibre breakage and there are no extensive delamination and fibre pull-out mechanisms involved. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is a non-destructive method and it is different from the common methods for characterisation of fibre-matrix interfacial properties such as fibre pull-out and fibre fragmentation tests in which fibre-matrix interface debonding is produced. The results of DMA tests indicate the dynamic properties of the composites are not very sensitive to the change of fibre-matrix adhesion. During the DMA tests, there is no or little fibre-matrix debonding induced. Therefore, the DMA method may not be very applicable for evaluating the fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion in practical applications.
Designed Granite: Solid-Surface Countertops through Compression Molding
Authors: Itoyama H. , Ishida Y. , Hama Y. , Ikezoe M.
Published: June 2017

In this paper we introduce the novel molding material "Designed Granite;" a combination of high performance resin and natural granite. In kitchen countertops, furniture or interior decoration, natural stone, with its high-grade image, is widely used but it has some severe disadvantages: e.g., heavy weight, brittleness, porosity, nonuniform surface pattern, along with poor workability.

We have now developed a unique aesthetic material which overcomes these disadvantages of natural stone. This material was developed using both material and process to combine:

(a) High filler content of crushed natural granite of large diameter

(b) A new compounding and mixing process to produce BMC

(c) Special tool design

(d) High pressure and temperature compression molding

(e) Polishing and cutting operations

In comparison with a natural granite, DIC HICERAMI8 stone has better durability, stain resistance and workability. It is the best material for kitchen countertops, walls, floors, furniture and other high fashion surface-decoration applications.
Testing of In-Plane Shear Properties under Fatigue Loading
Authors: Lessard Larry B. , Eilers Olivia P. , Shokrieh Mahmood M.
Published: June 2017

A two-dimensional finite element analysis is performed in order to analyze and improve the performance of the three-rail shear test specimen as prescribed by the ASTM Standard Guide for testing of in-plane shear properties of composite laminates [1]. Of main interest is the location of high-magnitude stresses in the matrix direction that affect the fatigue life of the specimen. Through finite element analysis, the optimal specimen configuration is determined by inserting slots in the positions at which there are stress concentrations. This has the effect of transferring the location of high stress away from critical areas, thus increasing the fatigue life of the specimen. The results are verified by three-rail shear tests performed for both standard un-notched and new notched specimens. The notched specimens show great improvement in both static strength and fatigue life.
Influence of Solvent Absorption on the Mechanical Behavior of SMC Laminates
Authors: Etxeberria I. , Valea Franco A. J. C. , Llano-Ponte R. , Mondragon I.
Published: June 2017

The effects of aging on sheet molding compounds (SMC) by immersion in water at 100°C, hexane at 70°C, benzene at 80°C, and engine oil at 60°C, have been investigated for two laminates with different styrene contents. Tests have been conducted under the above conditions for 9 days in order to follow the liquid uptake, and for 30 days to know the variation on the mechanical properties. The overall weight gain was found to be dependent on the chemical structure of the solvent used, and it was clearly higher in both laminates for aging treatment including a solvent able to interact with the polyester resin. Differences on solvent uptake were subsequently reflected in the mechanical behavior. The amount of solvent absorbed in the laminates made from endomaged molding compounds was clearly higher, and subsequently poorer the mechanical behavior, than that for those containing a higher content of styrene. This has been attributed to the lower crosslink density and to a higher amount of defects in the materials made from compounds with a low content of styrene. The influence of solvent desorption on the mechanical behavior has also been analysed.
The Effects of Fluid Type and Viscosity on the Steady-State and Advancing Front Permeability Behavior of Textile Preforms
Authors: Hammond V. H. , Loos A. C.
Published: June 2017

The effects of fluid type and viscosity on the permeability of both saturated and dry preforms were investigated. Fluids used were water, corn oil, and Epon 815, an epoxy resin. Preforms tested included style 162 E-glass, a plain weave E-glass fabric, and IM7/8HS, an eight harness satin carbon fabric. Two methods were used to measure the permeability of the textile preforms. The first, known as the steady-state method, measures the permeability of a saturated preform under constant flow rate conditions. The second, denoted the advancing front method, measures the permeability of a dry preform to an advancing fluid. Results from the two methods showed that fluid viscosity had no significant influence on the permeabilities of the two fabrics. Steady-state and advancing front permeabilities for the warp direction of the two fabrics were similar. In addition, advancing front permeability values were found to be similar for different fluids over a wide range of values for the capillary number. Contact angle measurements indicated that Epon 815 wets both fibers better than the corn oil. In addition, E-glass has lower contact angles with both fluids.
Shear-Lag Analysis about an Internally-Dropped Ply
Authors: Vizzini A. J.
Published: June 2017

The region around a terminated ply is modeled as several elastic layers separated by shear regions. A shear-lag analysis is then performed allowing for the thickness of the elastic and shear layers to vary. Boundary conditions, away from the ply drop, are based on the deflections determined by a finite element model. The interlaminar stresses are compared against those generated by the finite element model for tapered laminates under pure extension, pure bending, and extension-bending coupling. The shear-lag analysis predicts the interlaminar shear at and near the ply drop for pure extension and in cases involving bending if the deflections due to bending are removed. The interlaminar shear stress and force equilibrium are used to determine the interlaminar normal stress. The trends in the interlaminar normal stress shown by the finite element model are partially captured by the shear-lag analysis. This simple analysis indicates that the mechanism for load transfer about a ply drop is primarily due to shear transfer through the resin-rich areas.
Experimental Verification of Spline Stress Analysis Method for a Structural Composite Laminate Containing a Hole
Authors: Mollenhauer David H. , Schaff Jeffery R. , Rose David H.
Published: June 2017

Moire interferometry surface strain measurements for a uniaxially loaded composite laminate with an open hole were compared to predictions from threedimensional spline variational theory, from two-dimensional finite element analysis, and from two-dimensional elasticity theory. Strain measurements and a progressive damage investigation were accomplished using twenty-eight ply fiber dominated, IM7/5250-4, laminates. At low load levels, prior to matrix cracking, phase shifting moire interferometry was used to measure in-plane displacements. Experimental surface strains were calculated based on digital analysis of the displacement fields. Direct comparisons between theory and experiment were made using contour plots of ex,, Eyy, and yxy. For all in-plane surface strains, the spline variational theory results showed good agreement with experiment in close proximity to the hole. A separate group of specimens were loaded incrementally until failure, and the initiation and progression of damage was documented using x-ray images. Regions where the stress exceeded the ultimate transverse strength are compared to the actual damage images using contour plotting schemes. Overall, the location of initial failure as predicted by the spline variational theory corresponded well with damage observations for early stages of damage.
Study of Impact Damage of Composite Laminates Using Five-Point Bending
Authors: Robeson Mark E.
Published: June 2017

The low-velocity impact of composite laminates can induce high transverse shear strains, resulting in severe damage within the laminate. This type of damage may be studied by the use of a five-point bending test configuration. An investigation of composite laminate failure induced by transverse shear strains is described in the present paper. In order to gain insight into the representation of low-velocity impact damage by the five-point bending configuration, low-velocity impact tests were performed. Five-point bending tests were also perforned, producing transverse shear cracks, delaminations, and other types of failures. Since transverse shear strain causes failure under conditions of low-velocity impact, a comparison between the results of the five-point bending tests and established results of impact tests is presented, showing that both types of tests produce the same failure modes. Also, AS4-PEEK graphite-thermoplastic is shown to be more resistant to five-point bending damage than is AS4-3502 graphite-epoxy.
Impact Strength of Fiber Pre-Stressed Composites
Authors: Motahhari Siamak , Cameron John
Published: June 2017

By applying the appropriate tension to the fibers during the curing process, the impact strength of glass-epoxy composites is improved up to 33%. Charpy tests show that the increase of the fiber prestressing increases the impact strength up to a particular level. Beyond this level, however, the increase of prestressing reduces the impact strength. The fiber prestressed samples indicate splitting breakage within the polymer that creates more new surfaces as compared with unprestressed composites. This results in the sample absorbing more energy during the impact. The splitting breakage is explained by the formation of the residual stresses in the polymeric matrix. Those stresses are controlled and promoted by fiber prestressing during the curing process.
Influence of Fiber-Matrix Adhesion on Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Epoxy Composites: I. Tensile, Flexure, and Fatigue Properties
Authors: Deng Shiqiang , Ye Lin
Published: June 2017

Tension, flexure and fatigue tests were carried out using the graphite/epoxy composites with two different fiber surface conditions to identify the effects of fiber-matrix adhesion on the mechanical properties of composites in conjunction with the variation of fiber volume fraction. Only a slight increase in longitudinal tensile and flexural strengths as well as strains-to-failure is obtained with the substantially increased interfacial shear strength, while the longitudinal tensile and flexural moduli are nearly the same. However, a significant increase in transverse tensile and flexural strengths or strains-to-failure is accompanied with the improvement of fiber-matrix adhesion, though the transverse tensile and flexural moduli are basically independent of the variation of fiber-matrix adhesion. Under tension-tension fatigue loading, the composites with a strong fiber-matrix adhesion have a clearly longer fatigue life at high applied fatigue stresses, while at low applied fatigue stresses the effect of fiber-matrix adhesion on the fatigue life of a composite becomes less pronounced. It was found that the mechanical properties of a composite with a high fiber volume fraction are more sensitive to the change of fiber-matrix adhesion than those with a low fiber volume fraction.
Influence of Fiber-Matrix Adhesion on Mechanical Properties of Graphite/Epoxy Composites: II. Interlaminar Fracture and Inplane Shear Behavior
Authors: Deng Shiqiang , Ye Lin
Published: June 2017

A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of fiber-matrix adhesion on Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness, interlaminar shear strength, and inplane shear properties of the graphite/epoxy composites with different fiber volume fractions. With the improvement of fiber/matrix adhesion by fiber surface treatment and sizing, Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness, interlaminar shear strength and inplane shear strength of the composites were clearly increased. However, the interlaminar fracture properties were not so sensitive to the variation of fiber volume fraction. Only a slight increase in the interlaminar shear strength was found when the fiber volume fraction of the graphite/epoxy composites was increased. The results also indicate that although the fiber/matrix interface can play a role in controlling the interlaminar fracture behavior to a certain extent, the improvement of interlaminar fracture toughness resulting from interfacial modification is not as great as that obtained by the use of the toughened matrices.
Adaptation of the Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire for Use with Hispanic Elders
Authors: Santisteban David , Szapocznik José
Published: June 2017

This article reports the translation and adaptation of the Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire (MFAQ) for use with Hispanic elders. The MFAQ was translated using the back-translation method. The inter-rated reliability of the abstained Spanish MFAQ and a comparison of these reliability ratings with those reported in the literature for the English MFAQ documented the appropriateness of the translation. A second measure of the appropriateness of the Spanish MFAQ came from its use with a client population of more than 90 Hispanic elders seeking mental health counseling. Results indicated that the Spanish MFAQ has a high degree of correlation with other measures of psychosocial functioning, is effective as a measure of treatment outcome, and is useful in presenting a comprehensive profile on clients based on several areas of functioning.
Enhancement of Autologous Fat Transplantation with Platelet Rich Plasma
Authors: Abuzeni Patrick Z. , Alexander Robert W.
Published: June 2017

Introduction:

Adipose tissue is readily available for autotransplantation. Over many years, the popularity of fat transplantation surgery has waxed and waned as a result of relatively inconsistent and unpredictable survival. Many factors influence the success of autologous fat tissue grafts, some of which can be controlled by the surgeon. Examples include the use of minimally traumatic cannulae, low pressure suction, careful handling of graft tissues, and aseptic techniques. There is emerging evidence that fat grafts may be made more reliable and consistent by careful selection of donor sites and by influencing certain healing mechanisms that control cellular recruitment, migration, and differentiation at the recipient site.

Materials and Methods:

This paper presents an innovative technique that provides a means to isolate autologous platelet rich plasma for use with autologous fat for the purposes of enhanced tissue augmentation.

Results:

The apparent concentration and greater quantity of cellular grafts observed after utilization of these techniques seem to yield a higher proportion of graft volume retention.

Discussion:

This technique is intended to promote or accelerate the healing phase after grafting, enhance the intended augmentation retention volume, potentially reduce secondary calcifications and microcyst formation, and maximize the transplant unit volume by reducing the extracellular fluids transferred with the grafts.
A Technique for Permanent Malar Implant Fixation
Authors: Dedo Douglas D.
Published: June 2017

A common problem with every shape and size of malar/cheek implant is movement, either immediate or delayed, from its desired position on the malar bone. Once the pocket has been created and the implant inserted, suturent bolsters must be tried with limited success to prevent immediate slippage of the implant. Postoperatively, delayed implant mobility can occur anytime and is particularly annoying to the patient when the cheek is palpated. From the success of miniplating of facial fractures, a technique has been developed that allows the immediate, permanent fixation of the silastic implant to the facial skeleton with stainless steel screws.
Secondary Tuck Revisited
Authors: Tobin Howard A. , Nguyen C. Thu
Published: June 2017

Introduction:

The best result from a facelift cannot last forever. We cannot stop the clock on the aging process, but with a planned surgical maintenance program the effects of aging can be retarded.

Materials and Methods:

This article will describe the technique of a secondary tuck as well as provide the results of a quality evaluation study of our patients who have undergone a secondary tuck.

Results:

The study revealed that more than 90% of those who had responded were satisfied with the secondary tuck and would undergo the surgery again. Respondents also stated that recovery time for the surgery was less than 1 week, and that they experienced little to no complications.

Discussion:

A traditional facelift combined with a secondary tuck, performed under local anesthesia preferably 12–24 months after the original facelift, is a viable option for those seeking to maintain the youthful appearance obtained from the original facelift. The secondary tuck can be performed periodically thereafter when the patient desires further maintenance.
Soft Tissue Augmentation of the Lips Using AlloDerm: A Review of Postoperative Complications
Authors: Palmer Francis R. , Hurvitz Keith A. , Koire B. , Sinha Uttam K. , Rice Dale H.
Published: June 2017

Introduction:

Lip augmentation continues to gain popularity. To keep up with demand, physicians are continually seeking out safer and more efficient methods. We have been using acellular human dermal matrix or AlloDerm (LifeCell Corp, Branchburg, NJ) for the past 7 years with dependable results. In this study, we present a 5-year review of our postoperative complications using AlloDerm for soft tissue augmentation of the lips.

Materials and Methods:

We reviewed the postoperative courses of 104 patients (117 procedures in total) who received AlloDerm lip implants. Signs of postoperative infection, hematoma, seroma, rejection, or extrusion were specifically noted.

Results:

Of the 117 procedures performed, only 7 postoperative complications were noted. All resolved easily with outpatient intervention. None of the AlloDerm implants had to be removed as a result of these complications.

Conclusions:

Our results show that lip augmentation using AlloDerm has a low postoperative complication rate. In addition, those complications encountered can be easily treated with complete resolution.