bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approbation of body investment scale on youth sample in Azerbaijan
Authors: Ryzhov A. , Abanina N. , Sokolova E. , Pechnikova L. , Korneev A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Body attitudes may serve as both vulnerability and protective factors for various forms of emotional and behavioral disorders, including suicidal and self-harm behaviors in adolescent and youth populations. Body Investment Scale (BIS, Orbach & Mikulincer, 1998) is an instrument specially designed to account for body attitudes in suicide assessment.

Objectives

The study was aimed to provide a preliminary evidence for using the BIS translation in the assessment of suicide risk factors in Russian-speaking student population in Azerbaijan.

Methods

The common recommendations for test translation were used. The factor structure, inter-item consistency of scales, and retest reliability were assessed. The participants were 100 students (18-23 years, 40 females, 60 males), 50 of them completed the retest.

Results

The exploratory factor analysis with fixed number of factors reveals a homologous structure to the original BIS scales, explaining 48.2% of variance (in comparison to 55% of original measure). Inter-item reliability coefficients were lower: .989 for Body attitude, .696 for comfort with touch, .65 for Care and .61 for Protection scales. Pearson’s r for retest reliability (in a month) were above 0.9. Three items that could be excluded for enhancing the consistency of scales address physical contact and self-harm issues and might be culturally inappropriate.

Conclusions

BIS is a promising instrument due to its grounded factor structure, but refinement of some items of the Russian translation is desired, as well as further study of applicability for adolescent population. BIS could fill the gap in scarcity of instruments for suicide assessment for Russian speaking population.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Title: Haematological disorders revealing a raticide suicide attempt: A case report
Authors: Messedi N. , Abid W. , Krichen I. , Frikha I. , Ouali R. , Halouani N. , Kallel C. , Aloulou J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Suicide attempts are common in individuals with schizophrenia. These actions are marked by a greater lethality, due to the use of more violent means in particular the intentional ingestion of rodenticides.

Objectives

To describe the gravity of the heamatological disorders revealing suicide attempts by a rodenticides in patient with schizophrénia.

Methods

We repport the case of a patient who present a haematological disorders after an rodenticide intoxication.

Results

A 41-year-old man with schizophrénia since 2011 was brought to the department of psychiatry in july 2020 for behavioral disorders. On arrival, the patient was oriented but reticent and refuse to tell his full story. On examination, his vital signs were normals, and he did not show any externalized bleeding. Bilogical tests revealed the prothrombin time (PT) was <10% with an isolated and unexplained fall in vitamin K-factors. The etiological investigation was negative. Later,the patient admitted attempted suicide by taken 4 rodenticide packages orally three days prior admission to hospital. The initial treatment with intravenous vitamin K almost daily is effective. An improvement in PT (35%) and vitamin K-dependent factors was observed after one week of treatment. A Normalization of hemostasis disorders was obtained after two weeks of treatment.

Conclusions

It is imperative to suspect rodenticide intoxication in patient with scizophrenia with an isolated and an explained deficiency of vitamin K dependent factors. The particularity of this intoxication lies in the dangerous and prolonged side effects making the curative treatment difficult and long.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Https://cpaper.ctimeetingtech.com/epa21/submission/edit
Authors: Alonzo D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

During the last 15 years, an ideation-to-action framework has been proposed that has prompted the development of several models that account for the transition from ideator to attempter. Previous research on one such model, the Integrated Motivational Volitional Model of Suicide (IMV), suggests it accurately distinguishes between suicide ideators and attempters. However, no study has examined the utility of the model with a psychiatric sample of depressed suicide ideators and attempters.

Objectives

To address this gap in previous research, this study examines the ability of the IMV to distinguish between depressed adult suicide ideators with and without a history of suicide attempt presenting to the emergency department.

Methods

After providing informed consent and with the approval of the appropriate institutional review board, 68 adults presenting to the Emergency Department were recruited to participate in the study. Ideators and attempers were compared on sociodemographics, severity of depression/hopelessness/current suicide ideation, and volitional factors including, access, planning, exposure to family suicide, impulsivity, pain tolerance, fearlessness about death, and mental imagery of death. Group differences were evaluated using chi-square and t-tests. Multivariate group analyses were performed using logistic regression.

Results

Of the regression analysis indicate that fearfulness about death significantly predicts suicide attempt history (OR=10.560, p=.05). Ethnicity was also found to significantly predict suicide attempt history (OR=0.67, p=.006). No other sociodemographic variables or volitional moderators were significant.

Conclusions

Results of this study contribute to improving accuracy in this area and suggest that fearlessness about death should be routinely included in comprehensive suicide risk assessments.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Neuroimaging correlates of suicidal behavior in dementia
Authors: Mudrenko I. , Kolenko O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

At pathomorphological research of suicides reveal neurogenerative changes, which determines the relevance of the search for neuroimaging predictors (suicidal behavior) SB in dementia.

Objectives

To study predictors of SB (in dementia, due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular (VD), mixed (MD) based on neuroimaging research.

Methods

We examined 213 patients with dementia in АD, VD, MD on a CT, which were divided by the factor of the presence of SB into the main and control groups.

Results

At patients with SB at AD expansion of basal cistern is revealed of the brain (59%), but signs of chronic ischemia in the form of a decrease in the density of brain matter in the projection of the basal ganglia and white matter (67%), dilation of the ventricular system of the brain (51%), more typical for patients without SB. At VD with SB periventricular leukoareosis (67%), expansion of subarachnoid spaces (82%) and deepening of cracks of a brain (67%) are found. Patients without SB were characterized by a decrease in the density of brain matter in the projection of the white matter (73%). At MD with SB expansion of subarachnoid spaces (100%), basal cistern of a brain (87%), periventricular leukoareosis (87%), decrease in density of substance in the brain were registered in the projection of the basal ganglia (100%). Patients without SB with MD had deepening of the brain slits (40%).

Conclusions

Neuroimaging signs in the form of chronic ischemia and pronounced atrophic changes in the brain are factors in the anti-risk of SB in dementia.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Frequency and correlates of suicidal ideation in preoperative cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Nikolaeva O. , Nikolaev E. , Hartfelder D. , Lazareva E. , Petunova S. , Grigorieva N.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Depressive disorders are common for cardiac patients; however, a surgical intervention enhances their distress. How typical is suicidal ideation for cardiac surgery patients and with what clinical and psychological signs does it correlate?

Objectives

To estimate the frequency of suicidal ideation and correlations between suicidal ideation, clinical and psychological manifestations in cardiac surgery patients.

Methods

We examined 60 cardiac surgery patients, aged 25 – 65, prior to their operation. The Pierson correlation between manifestation of suicidal ideation, clinical and psychological signs was calculated with p<0.05.

Results

We revealed suicidal ideation in 3.33% of cardiac surgery patients. Its intensity credibly correlated with the frequency of taking alcohol (r=.32), as well as with manifestation of dysorexia (r=.59), dissatisfaction with life (r=.53), general level of depression (r=.49), sleeping disorders (r=.44), sense of guilt (r=.43), asthenia (r=.31), self-abhorrence (r=.29), and irritability(r=.29). A higher level of suicidal ideation correlated with a lower index of Positive-Past in their personal time perspective (r=-.27), which revealed itself in a patient having lack of positive impressions and recollections of their past life, which reduced a person’s adaptability in the present.

Conclusions

The frequency of suicidal ideation in preoperative cardiac surgery patients is not high. Nevertheless, we should bear in mind that high suicidal risk is characteristic for patients with not only depression, but also alcohol problems, as well as for those who have manifestations of negative attitude to their past.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Bridging the treatment gap in India: Online training of psychologists in basic mental health services
Authors: Kapanee A. , Sudhir P. , Suman L.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The National Mental Health Survey of India 2015-16 (Gururaj et al., 2016) indicated a large treatment gap of 70-92% for mental disorders and a paucity of mental health specialists in the country. In order to address this treatment gap and develop human resources, the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India, with impetus from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, launched the online course of Diploma in Community Mental Health for Psychologists.

Objectives

The course was designed with the objective of training individuals with a Master’s Degree in Psychology, in providing first-level psychological care in the community.

Methods

The course is a 3-month online programme comprising of approximately 25 hours of self-paced e-learning and 11 hours of live real-time interactive discussion via video conference. The course comprises of 6 modules, with an assessment at the completion of each module. Pre- and Post-Assessment is conducted to evaluate competencies achieved.

Results

On successful completion of the course, trainees are expected to have achieved competencies to: Screen for and identify mental health problems in adults and children, and understand factors influencing them; Understand management options; Conduct interview-based functional developmental assessment for intellectual deficits; Conduct first-level brief psychosocial interventions; Make appropriate referrals to Mental Health Professionals and other health professionals.

Conclusions

This digitally-driven online course is a viable option for development of human resources on a large scale, in a resource-scarce (i.e. of mental health specialists) country such as India.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Intimate partner violence and self-esteem
Authors: Dhouib H. , Omri S. , Daoud M. , Amar W. Ben , Smaoui N. , Feki R. , Bouali M. Maalej , Charfi N. , Maalej M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) can be devastating on women’s psychology. Moreover, IPV may destroy women’s self-esteem and self-identity.

Objectives

To identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with IPV and to assess self-esteem among women victims of IPV.

Methods

It was a descriptive and analytical study over a period of 03 months from June 1st to August 31st, 2018 including all cases IPV female victims in forensic department at Habib BOURGUIBA University Hospital, Sfax. In addition to epidemiological data, Rosenberg scale were used to assess the victim’s self-esteem.

Results

Among 142 female IPV victims, only 60 (22.3%) agreed to answer our questionnaire. Their median age was 33.5 years (27-41 years). Victims did not pass high school in 61.7% of cases and they were unemployed in 53.3% of cases. Most women got married at 23 years-old (20-26). The average length of marriage was 7 years (3-14 years). Bruises and abrasions were the most frequent lesions (58.3% and 56.7% of cases). Rosenberg Scale score’s mean was 28.3 ± 4.3. Self-esteem was low or very low among 70% of victims.

Conclusions

Female victims of IPV do not have a specific profile and low self-esteem is quite common among them. Additional research is needed to better understand the extent of the problem and to develop more effective reporting methods.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Prevention of the first episode of psychosis: What have we reached by 2021?
Authors: Rojnic-Kuzman M.
Published: February 2022

Abstract Body

Prevention of the First Episode of Psychosis: What Have we Reached by 2021? The first episode of psychosis is usually preceded by a prodromal period or stage of psychosis, where early signs of symptoms indicating onset of first episode psychosis (FEP) occur. In the last twenty years, enormous progress was made in the tretment of FEP and subsequently schizophrenia, as the focus of treatment of FEP shifted to this prodromal period with the aim of preventing the first episode of psychosis in people at risk.Treatment for the prodromal stage of psychosis is provided within specialized early intervention services, which are somtimes part of the services for the treatment of FEP. Early intervention services, which have been gradually developed in many countries worldwide, usually incorporate multimodal treatment approaches (pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and psychosocial interventions). However, there are still many differences in the treatment of prodromes across early intervention services, even within one country, leaving open the questions on what kind or combinations of treatments really work in the prevention of FEP. The methods of studies in the scientific psychiatric literature do not allow easy translation of scientific data to clinical practice. In the presentation, an up-to-date overview of the available treatments offered witin early intervention services for prevention of FEP is given.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders
Authors: Bles N. De , Van Der Does J. , Kortbeek L. , Hofhuis A. , Grootheest G. Van , Vollaard A. , Schoevers R. , Hemert A. Van , Penninx B. , Giltay E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular parasite that is estimated to be carried by one-third of the world population. While evidence has been found for a relationship between T. gondii infection and schizophrenia, its relationship with other psychiatric disorders like depressive and anxiety disorders shows inconsistent results.

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to examine whether T. gondii seropositivity is associated with affective disorders, as well as with aggression reactivity and suicidal thoughts.

Methods

In the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), T. gondii antibodies were assessed in patients with current depressive (n=133), anxiety (n=188), comorbid depressive and anxiety (n=148), and remitted disorders (n=889), as well as in healthy controls (n=373) based on DSM-IV criteria. Seropositivity was analyzed in relation to disorder status, aggression reactivity and suicidal thoughts using multivariate analyses of covariance and regression analyses.

Results

Participants were on average 51.2 years (SD = 13.2), and 64.4% were female. Seropositivity was found in 673 participants (38.9%). A strong positive association between T. gondii seropositivity and age was observed. No significant associations were found between T. gondii seropositivity and disorder status, aggression reactivity and suicidal thoughts. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for any remitted disorder versus controls was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.87-1.49), and for any current disorder versus controls was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.69- 1.28).

Conclusions

No evidence was found for a relationship between affective disorders and T. gondii infection

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Lithium-associated hypothyroidism: Reversible after lithium discontinuation?
Authors: Lieber I. , Ott M. , Öhlund L. , Lundqvist R. , Eliasson M. , Sandlund M. , Werneke U.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The association between lithium and thyroid dysfunction has long been known. Yet it is not known whether lithium-associated hypothyroidism is reversible, once lithium treatment has been stopped.

Objectives

To determine whether lithium-associated hypothyroidism was reversible in patients who subsequently discontinued lithium.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study in the Swedish region of Norrbotten into the effects and side- effects of lithium treatment and other drugs for relapse prevention (LiSIE). For this particular study, we reviewed medical records between 1997 and 2015 of patients treated with lithium.

Results

Of 1340 patients screened, we identified 90 patients with lithium-associated hypothyroidism who subsequently discontinued lithium. Of these, 27% had overt hypothyroidism at the time when thyroid replacement therapy was initiated. The mean delay from lithium start to thyroid replacement therapy start was 2.3 (SD 4.7) years. Fifty percent received thyroid replacement therapy within 10 months of starting lithium. Of 85 patients available for follow up, 35 (41%) stopped thyroid replacement therapy after lithium discontinuation. Six patients reinstated thyroid replacement therapy subsequently. Only one of these had overt hypothyroidism, occurring 13 days after stopping lithium and 11 days after stopping thyroid replacement therapy.

Conclusions

Lithium-associated hypothyroidism seems reversible in most patients, once lithium has been discontinued. In such cases, thyroid replacement therapy discontinuation could be attempted much more often than currently done. Based on the limited evidence of our study, we can expect hypothyroidism to recur early after discontinuation of thyroid replacement therapy if at all.

Disclosure

MO: scient adv. board member Astra Zeneca Sweden; UW: educ. activities Norrbotten Region: Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Otsuka/Lundbeck, Servier, Shire and Sunovion. All others: none.
Higher illness burden is associated with reduced heart rate variability in bipolar disorder
Authors: Ortiz A. , Husain I. , Moorti P. , Alda M. , Sanches M. , Mulsant B.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with premature death and ischemic heart disease is the main cause of excess mortality. The predictive power of heart rate variability (HRV) for mortality has been confirmed in patients with or without cardiovascular disease. While several studies have analyzed the association between HRV and BD, their results are incongruent; and none has analyzed the effect of the clinical factors characterizing illness burden on HRV.

Objectives

To assess the association between HRV and the following factors characterizing illness burden: illness duration, number and type of previous episode(s), duration of the most severe depressive or hypomanic/manic episode, severity of episodes, co-morbid psychiatric disorders, family history of BD or suicide, and duration and polarity of current episode in participants experiencing one.

Methods

We used a wearable device in 53 BD participants to assess the association between HRV using 4 measures (RMSSD, SDANN, SDNN and RR Triangular Index) and the abovementioned clinical factors characterizing illness burden. For each of the 4 HRV measures we ran 11 models, one for each burden of illness clinical factor as an independent variable.

Results

Longer illness duration, higher number of depressive episodes, and family history of suicide were negatively correlated with HRV; in the 14 participants experiencing a depressive episode, the MADRS score was negatively correlated with HRV

Conclusions

Our study analyzed the association between burden of illness and HRV in BD, while controlling for functional cardiovascular status, age, sex, BMI, education, and treatment. Our results showed that high illness burden is associated with reduced HRV.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Game changer in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder using RNA editing-based blood biomarkers
Authors: Abraham J.-D. , Salvetat N. , Checa-Robles F. , Patel V. , Cayzac C. , Dubuc B. , Vetter D. , Lang J.-P. , Courtet P. , Kupfer D. , Weissmann D.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

In clinical practice, differentiating Bipolar Disorder (BD) from unipolar depression is challenging due to the depressive symptoms, which are the core presentations of both disorders. Patients with BD are often misdiagnosed during depressive episodes resulting in a delay in proper treatment and a poor management of their condition.

Objectives

The aim of the present study is to discriminate between unipolar depression and BD using a panel of RNA edited blood biomarkers.

Methods

Depressed patients were classified according to clinical scores in MADRS and IDSC-30 depression scales. After blood collection and RNA extraction, we used whole-transcriptome sequencing to identify differential A-to-I editing events, and Targeted Next Generation Sequencing to validate those biomarkers.

Results

We discovered 646 variants differentially edited between depressed patients and control in a discovery cohort of 57 participants. After using stringent criteria and biological pathway analysis, 6 biomarker candidates were singled out and tested in a validation cohort of 160 patients suffering from unipolar depression and 95 BD patients in a depressive episode, which allowed a differential diagnosis of BD with an AUC of 0.935 and high specificity (Sp=84.6%) and sensitivity (Se=90.9%).

Conclusions

We have shown that a combination of 6 blood RNA editing-related biomarkers allows to discriminate unipolar and bipolar depression This 6 BMKs panel may be crucial to improve BD diagnosis and orientate the treatment therefore addressing the needs of millions of patients suffering from misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment for their diseases. This will change the game for the management of patients.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Polygenic risk and predominant polarity in individuals with bipolar disorder
Authors: Jensen S.H. , Østergaard S. , Musliner K.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Individuals with bipolar disorder often have a ‘predominant polarity’ (e.g. depressive or manic) that characterizes the majority of episodes over the course of the illness. Genome-wide association studies have suggested a relationship between genetic risk and phenotypic heterogeneity in bipolar disorder. However, to date, no study has directly examined the association between polygenic liabilities and predominant polarity in bipolar disorder.

Objectives

To estimate the associations between the polygenic risk score for major depressive disorder (PRS-MD), bipolar disorder (PRS-BD) and schizophrenia (PRS-SZ), and predominant polarity among individuals with bipolar disorder in hospital-based settings in Denmark.

Methods

The study sample will include all individuals from the Initiative for Integrated Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH2015) sample who received a diagnosis of bipolar disorder and were successfully genotyped (approximately 3,400). Information on polarity will be computed based on data from the Danish Central Psychiatric Research Register. PRS variables will be generated using the most recent results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Odds ratios for the associations between PRS variables and polarity will be estimated using logistic regression.

Results

We hypothesize that PRS-MD will be highest among the predominantly depressed patients, that PRS-BD will be highest among those with predominantly manic/mixed episodes, and that PRS-SZ will be highest among those who experience psychotic mania or psychotic bipolar depression. The results will be shown at the conference.

Conclusions

A finding of association between genetic liability and predominant polarity in bipolar disorder could pave the way for stratification on genetic liability in future treatment studies and in clinical practice.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Restricted visual scanpaths and hyperarousal during emotion recognition in childhood social anxiety disorder
Authors: Högström J. , Kleberg J. Lundin , Serlachius E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) typically develops during late childhood or early adolescence, and often runs a chronic course if left untreated. Maladaptive processing of social information has been suggested to contribute to the etiology and maintenance of SAD. Scanpaths are a succession of visual fixations and saccades through which individuals extract information during face perception. Atypically long scanpaths have previously been reported in adults with SAD but no studies have been conducted on youth samples. SAD has previously also been linked to atypical arousal during face processing.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate differences in visual attention and arousal to emotional faces comparing children and adolescents with SAD to a non-psychiatric population of youths.

Methods

In one of the largest eye-tracking studies of pediatric SAD to date, children and adolescents with SAD (n = 62) and healthy controls (n = 39) completed a task where they were meant to recognise different emotional expressions in pictures of faces while their eye movements were recorded. The visual scanpath and the pupil dilation response were examined.

Results

Youth with SAD showed restricted scanpaths, suggesting they scanned a more limited part of the face during face perception. Higher pupil dilation was also observed in the children and adolescents with SAD.

Conclusions

The restricted pattern of scanpath observed in youth with SAD is contrary to findings among adults, but similar to what has been reported in neurodevelopmental disorders associated with social interaction impairments such as autism. Restricted scanpaths may partially contribute to the maintencance of social anxiety disorder.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Exploring depression in adolescents: How depression changes in early onset psychosis (EOP), clinical high risk (UHR) and clinical control (CC) patients
Authors: Monducci E. , Colafrancesco G. , Masillo A. , Brandizzi M. , Nastro P. Fiori , Ferrara M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Depression is very common in adolescent patients and impacts on their quality of life and functioning. Indeed, depression is an important clinical aspect for treatment, outcome, and prognosis.

Objectives

This pilot study investigated the factorial structure of the Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia (CDSS) in a sample of help seeking adolescent patients, stratified in three clinical diagnostic subgroups: early onset psychosis (EOP), clinical high risk (UHR) and clinical control (CC). The relationships between these factors and SIPS domains and subjective experiences were also explored.

Methods

Sixty-nine subjects were examined to assess the severity of depressive symptoms and the degree of subjectively felt cognitive-affective vulnerability (i.e. basic symptoms)

Results

Principal component analysis revealed CDSS to include two main factors, namely: “guilty idea of reference-pathological guilt” (factor I), “depression-hopelessness” (factor II). Two factors revealed multiple correlations with SIPS domains and subjective experiences.

Conclusions

The results confirm the dual factorial structure of CDSS previously reported in the literature in adult samples, further increase our knowledge of the psychopathological components of depression in adolescents, and strongly suggest that CDSS can also be used in early diagnostic settings

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Emotional experience of various types of cyberaggression by adolescents and youth
Authors: Soldatova G. , Chigarkova S. , Koshevaya A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The integration of digital technologies into everyday life leads to transformation of various socio-cultural practices, including related to destructive behavior. Among them, cyberaggression holds a leading position, especially in younger generation, and causes direct lasting negative impact on the psychological state of participants and affects (Martínez-Monteagudo et al., 2019; Wright, Wachs, 2020).

Objectives

The goal of the study is to analyze the relationship between offline and online aggressions and the strength of negative emotional experiences of adolescents and youth, as well as parents’ awareness of this experience with their children.

Methods

The questionnaire was completed by 3395 people: 1554 adolescents aged 12-17 and 736 young people aged 18-30 from 8 federal districts of Russia.

Results

Respondents of all generations (64-74%) believe that people are more likely to experience painful or hostile situations in real life than online. Nevertheless, every fourth respondent (19-23%) says that events on the Internet can cause as much anxiety as events in real life. The least emotionally significant situations are flaming and cyberhate. Trolling causes strong feelings in every third adolescent, cyberstalking in every fifth, cyberbullying in every second. Both trolling and cyberstalking make girls more upset than boys, this is true for adolescents (12-13 and 14-17 years old) and youth (χ2=19.01-67.21, p<0.01, V=0.16-0.30).

Conclusions

Differences in emotional response to various types of cyberaggression require the development of differentiated approaches to the prevention of various situations of cyberaggression and the development of specific coping strategies in the collision with them. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project No. 20-013-00857.

Disclosure

The reported study was funded by RFBR, project No. 20-013-00857.
Mood and suicidality amongst cyberbullied adolescents- a cross-sectional study from youth risk behavior survey
Authors: Hsieh Y.C. , Jain P. , Veluri N. , Bhela J. , Sheikh B. , Bangash F. , Gude J. , Subhedar R. , Zhang M. , Shah M. , Mansuri Z. , Aedma K. , Parikh T.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

There is a limited literature available showing mental health burden among adolescents following cyberbullying.

Objectives

Aim is to evaluate the association of low mood and suicidality amongst cyberbullied adolescents.

Methods

A study on CDC National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance (YRBS) (1991-2017). Responses from adolescence related to cyberbullying and suicidality were evaluated. Chi-square and mix-effect multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to find out the association of cyberbullying with sadness/hopelessness, suicide consideration, plan, and attempts.

Results

A total of 10,463 adolescents, 14.8% of adolescents faced cyberbullying a past year. There was a higher prevalence of cyberbullying in youths aged 15-17 years (25 vs 26 vs 23%), which included more females to males (68 vs 32%).(p<0.0001) Caucasians (53%) had the highest number of responses to being cyberbullied compared to Hispanics (24%), African Americans (11%).(p<0.0001) There was an increased prevalence of cyberbullied youths with feelings of sadness/hopelessness (59.6 vs 25.8%), higher numbers considering suicide (40.4 vs 13.2%), suicide plan (33.2 vs 10.8%), and multiple suicidal attempts in comparison to non-cyberbullied.(p<0.0001) On regression analysis, cyberbullied adolescence had a 155% higher chance of feeling sad and hopeless [aOR=2.55; 95%CI=2.39-2.72], considered suicide [1.52 (1.39-1.66)], and suicide plan [1.24 (1.13-1.36)].

Conclusions

In our study, cyberbullying was associated with negative mental health outcomes. Further research is warranted to examine the impact and outcomes of cyberbullying amongst adolescents and guiding the policies to mitigate the consequences.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Bullying victimization/perpetration and non-suicidal self-injury: A systematic review
Authors: Serafini G. , Canepa G. , Aguglia A. , Amerio A. , Flouri E. , Pompili M. , Amore M.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Experience of bullying may be a significant risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI).

Objectives

This study had three aims: to systematically investigate the association between bullying and NSSI, to analyze the possible mechanisms underlying the two phenomena, and to evaluate any differences between bullying victimization and bullying perpetration with respect to NSSI.

Methods

A systematic search about the association between bullying victimization and perpetration and NSSI was conducted using specific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct). The following keywords were used in all database searches: “bullying” AND “NSSI” OR “peer victimization” and NSSI.

Results

The searches in PubMed, Scopus and Science Direct revealed a total of 88 articles about bullying or peer victimization and NSSI. However, only 29 met our inclusion criteria and were used for the present review. Overall, all studies examined victimization; 4 studies also evaluated the effects of perpetration and 1 included bully-victims. According to the main findings, both being a victim of bullying and perpetrating bullying may increase the risk of adverse psychological outcomes in terms of NSSI and suicidality in the short and the long run.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to systematically evaluate the relation between bullying victimization/perpetration and NSSI. The main results support a positive association. Future research should evaluate the possible role of specific mediators/moderators of the association between experience of bullying and NSSI.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
“Young people are not invincible”: What drives young people’s health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in greece?
Authors: Peppou L.E. , Giannouchos T. , Samara M. , Nimatoudis I. , Papageorgiou C. , Economou M. , Souliotis K.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The illusion of invulnerability has been linked to lower perceived risk and increased engagement in risky behaviors among youth. Therefore, it has been purported to influence young people’s poor adherence to public health measures aiming to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. Concomitantly, beliefs about the virus and mental health may also shape public health behaviours.

Objectives

To investigate the role of beliefs, perceived invincibility and mental health status in explaining frequency of hand-washing and hours outside the house among youth in Greece

Methods

A total of 1.899 students, aged between 18-29 years old, were recruited from the main universities of the country. An online questionnaire entailing: (i) popular beliefs about COVID-19, (ii) the DASS-21, (iii) the Adolescent Invincibility Tool and (iv) queries about health behaviours, was distributed during the lockdown period.

Results

Most participants reported washing their hands rarely/never within a day (78.6%) and spending 2-6 hours outside the house (68.1%). Handwashing was largely influenced by mental health [OR = 0.94, 95%CI= 0.91 – 0.98 for stress; OR = 0.96, 95%CI = 0.93-0.99 for anxiety and OR = 1.05, 95%CI= 1.02-1.08 for depression]; while hours outside the house by perceptions that the virus is out of control [OR=0.76, 95%CI = 0.61-0.95], manufactured [OR=1.21, 95%CI = 1.53, 95%CI =1.21 – 1.93] and airborne [OR= 0.78, 95%CI = 0.64-0.95].

Conclusions

Addressing stress and anxiety as well as health education interventions should be prioritized to foster young people’s adherence to public health measures amid the pandemic.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Perinatal depression and developmental risk of the infant: Analysis of a clinical sample and assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pucci C. , O. P. M. Caccialupi , Panfili M. , Giacchetti N. , Aceti F. , Sogos C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Studies on large samples agree on the negative impact of maternal perinatal depression (PD) on child’s cognitive development. Early experience with insensitive maternal interactions appears to be predictive of poorer cognitive functioning. These children present a higher risk for the onset of socioemotional development, nutrition, growth and sleep disorders. Research on Covid-19 pandemic suggests that families, particularly mothers, may be at increased risk of psychological distress.

Objectives

This study evaluates the effect of perinatal depression on child development and the impact of distress caused by the Covid-19 pandemic.

Methods

We designed a case-control study comparing, during Covid-19 pandemic, a group-A of children of mothers with PD (n=19), with a group-B of children of healthy mothers (n=21). The age of the children recruited was 4-35 months. Participating mothers underwent DP3-Interview and the socioemotional and adaptive-behavior Bayley’s scales by telephone and completed an online survey (IES-R).

Results

We found significantly lower scores on the Bayley socioemotional scale and in all the DP3-scales, in group-A. There is an inversely proportional correlation between the age of these children and overall development score of the DP3. On the IES-R scale, the medium scores in both groups show no psychological distress as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic, although mothers with PD show borderline total scores and higher hyperarousal scale values.

Conclusions

This study confirms that PD is a risk factor for the onset of disorders in all areas of the child’s development. Mothers with PD are less likely to manage psychological distress secondary to the pandemic.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
In this study: Adapting to the new normal in COVID-19 pandemic; a global survey & literature review
Authors: Arain F. , Tohid A. , Arain A. , Adam D. , Khan F. , Talpur A. , Arain A. , Azeem W.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Globally, governments have enforced protective measures of social distancing to prevent COVID-19 spread. The lifestyles of public have essentially transformed due to these actions. This study evaluates the effects of COVID-19 on connections and behavior/life adaptations.

Objectives

Changes in life style and behavior in COVID-19-Pandemic

Methods

We conducted a global cross-sectional study via survey on phone apps and social media platforms in population aged ≥ 16, including questions regarding demographic data and lifestyle changes. We also searched databases APA PsycNet, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Medline; reviewed 40 articles and included 3 in this review, a cross-sectional online survey1, a planned questionnaire2, and a study on 600 adolescents, age 10-19 in Palestine3

Results

Our survey data showed total of 1002 responses, 31.7% decreased sleep, 42.1% increased appetite, 70.6% bulk-buying, and 50.2% weight gain. 43.1% less socialization than before, 78.7% increased screen time, 53.5% excessive hand washing/wiping surfaces, 45% reported social distancing facilitated in overpowering the fear of contracting infection, 29.4% negative impact on relationships, 80.7% noticed changes in behavior including shaking hands/hugging/speaking with a mask on, 49.5% adopted new hobbies, 34.9% showed increase in meditation. The literature review revealed that since COVID-19, there is an increase in screen time, weight, appetite, sleep, and a decrease in physical activity1-3, and greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet in younger population2

Conclusions

COVID-19 induced quarantine has caused increased screen time, appetite, weight gain, adoption of new hobbies, bulk-buying, hand washing, meditation, reduced sleep, and negatively impacted interaction/relationships. COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing and our data needs further assessment in more population studies.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychopathological consequences and dysfunctional behaviours during the COVID-19 epidemic in italy: A longitudinal study before and after the lockdown
Authors: Cassioli E. , Rossi E. , Castellini G. , Sanfilippo G. , Silvestri C. , Voller F. , Ricca V.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

In the first months of 2020 the COVID-19 epidemic spread in Italy, and the Italian government implemented a general lockdown. These events are at high risk for psychiatric symptoms in the general population, including anxiety/depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).

Objectives

To characterize the psychopathological correlates of the spread of COVID-19 and lockdown in a sample of subjects from the Italian population, with a before-after follow-up.

Methods

Six weeks after the lockdown, 671 subjects aged 18-60 years completed the Brief Symptom Inventory and Impact of Event Scale-Revised, for the evaluation of psychopathology and PTSS respectively. Environmental factors and subjectively-perceived deteriorations related to COVID-19 were also investigated. Pre-COVID-19 data on psychopathology, collected in December 2019/January 2020, were available for 130 subjects and were used for longitudinal analyses.

Results

With respect to males, female subjects more frequently reported deteriorations of relations (21.5% vs 10.9%), household arguments (26.0% vs 12.6%), sleep quality (47.6% vs 26.6%), episodes of overeating (22.5% vs 12.5%), worries for oneself (19% vs 8.9%) and for loved ones (55.7% vs 36.5%). These changes were associated with increased psychopathology, PTSS, and numerous environmental conditions, including significant economic damage from COVID-19/lockdown. Longitudinal analyses showed an increase in phobic anxiety in the whole sample, and in depression for female subjects only, following the spread of COVID-19. Pre-existing psychopathology was a significant predictor of PTSS.

Conclusions

COVID-19 epidemic and lockdown have a high impact on psychopathology and PTSS. Female subjects and those with pre-existing psychopathology were found to be more vulnerable and may need additional support.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Professionals’ experience of the rapid implementation of a remote consultation model of healthcare: A survey of clinicians in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Boughdady M. , Connah L. , Inman J. , Jaydeokar S. , Marnoch D. , Nathan R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Despite the availability of remote consolation and the evidence for its effectiveness, its adoption has been relatively limited (Hashiguchi, 2020). In light of COVID social distancing measures, there was an immediate requirement to adopt this technology into routine practice.

Objectives

The objective of this evaluation was to examine clinicians’ experiences of the urgent adoption of digital technology in a NHS provider of mental health and community physical health services.

Methods

From a staff survey (n=234) of experiences of working during a period when there were significant levels of Covid-related restrictions, data was extracted and subject to thematic analysis by a research team made up of clinicians, academics, and quality improvement specialists.

Results

Five key themes relevant to the urgent adoption of digital technology were identified (figure 1): (1) Availability of staff for patient contact was generally felt to be improved; (2) Quality of contact was reported to be variable (e.g. some respondents reporting better rapport with patients, whereas others found remote contact interfered with rapport building); (3) Safeguarding concerns were reported to be more difficult to identify through remote consultation; (4) Contingency plans were recommended to allow for vulnerable patients for whom remote consultation was a problem; (5) Multi-agency working was reported to be strengthened.

Conclusions

The findings from this evaluation allow for an informed approach to future adoption of remote consultation in routine practice.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Fear of infection and optimism predict following stay-at-home recommendations during COVID-19 pandemic in russian young people
Authors: Gordeeva T. , Sychev O. , Vindeker O.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

. Self-isolation regime is an effective measure to contain the pandemic (Alfano, Ercolano, 2020), but the psychological factors predicting compliance with stay-at-home recommendations (CSHR) are understudied. We hypothesized that 1) defensive optimism and constructive optimism will have opposite effects on CSHR, 2) the effect of defensive optimism will be mediated through a decrease of anxiety (fear of infection).

Objectives

. The purpose of this study was to assess the direct and indirect (through the fear of infection) effects of defensive optimism (belief that coronavirus problem is exaggerated) and constructive optimism (belief that people’s efforts help to prevent infection and spread of the virus) on CSHR, controlling for dispositional optimism.

Methods

. A longitudinal study (from 10/4/2020 till 2/6/2020) was conducted on a sample of 306 university students (89% women, MA=21.20, SD=4.54) using a single-item measure of CSHR, LOT-R (Scheier et al., 1994), the scales of defensive and constructive optimism (Gordeeva, Sychev, 2020), and anxiety in a pandemic situation questionnaire (Tkhostov, Rasskazova, 2020).

Results

. During seven-week interval CSHR has decreased dramatically (Cohen’s d=0.66, p<0.001) while the other variables remained stable. Using SEM we have showed that CSHR at the end of study (T2) is predicted by the CSHR (T1) and through it by the defensive optimism (negative effect, p<0.05) and constructive optimism (positive effect, p<0.001). Negative effect of defensive optimism on CSHR is also mediated by the fear of infection (T2), reducing it. Dispositional optimism is associated only with constructive optimism.

Conclusions

. Defensive and constructive optimism/ pessimism are essential in explaining health-related behavior.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.
Psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis on young swiss men participating in a cohort study: Differences due to socioeconomic status and work situation
Authors: Marmet S. , Wicki M. , Gmel G. , Gachoud C. , Bertholet N. , Studer J.
Published: February 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted daily life worldwide. It may also have had a psychological impact, especially on those with less resources already before the crisis and those who reported substantial changes to their work situation.

Objectives

To investigate whether socioeconomic status before the crisis and changes in work situation during the crisis (unemployment, home-office) are associated with psychological impact in a cohort of young Swiss men.

Methods

A total of 2345 young Swiss men (mean age = 29) completed assessments shortly before (April 2019 to February 2020) and early during the COVID-19 crisis (May to June 2020). Assessments covered psychological outcomes assessed before and during COVID-19 crisis (depression, perceived stress and sleep quality), and assessed during the crisis (fear, isolation and COVID-19 psychological trauma), socioeconomic status (relative financial status and difficulty to pay bills) before the crisis and changes in work situation (unemployment, home-office).

Results

About a fifth of the sample were in partial unemployment or lost their job during COVID-19 crisis. Those in partial or full unemployment, those mostly working from home and those with a lower socioeconomic status already prior to the crisis showed overall higher levels of depression, stress, psychological trauma, fear and isolation.

Conclusions

Even in a country with high social security such as Switzerland, the COVID-19 crisis had a higher psychological impact on those who were already disadvantaged before the crisis or experienced deteriorations in their work situation. Supporting disadvantaged subpopulations during the crisis may help to prevent an amplification of pre-existing inequalities.

Disclosure

No significant relationships.