bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct production of naphthenes and paraffins from lignin
Authors: Kong Jiechen , He Mingyuan , Lercher Johannes A. , Zhao Chen
Published: September 2015

The utilization of lignin as a fuel precursor has attracted attention, and a novel and facile process has been developed for one-pot conversion of lignin into cycloalkanes and alkanes with Ni catalysts under moderate conditions.
The use of zinc ions to control the size of Yb/Er:KMnF3 nanocrystals with single band emission
Authors: Lei Lei , Zhou Jiajia , Zhang Junjie , Xu Shiqing
Published: September 2015

A novel method to modify the size of Yb/Er:KMnF3 NCs by introducing Zn2+ in the initial solution is presented, and the results can provide direct evidence for the size-dependent upconversion luminescence.
A DFT study of adsorption of imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole on oxidized copper surfaces: Cu2O(111) and Cu2O(111)-w/o-CuCUS
Authors: Gustinčič Dunja , Kokalj Anton
Published: September 2015

Adsorption of azoles on thermodynamically inferior Cu2O(111) is so much stronger than on superior Cu2O(111)-w/o-CuCUS that it compensates its thermodynamic deficiency, unless the conditions are too oxygen rich and/or azole lean.
Transition state geometry prediction using molecular group contributions
Authors: Bhoorasingh Pierre L. , West Richard H.
Published: September 2015

Geometries of reaction transition states can be predicted accurately using group-contribution scheme with data arranged in a hierarchical tree database.
Increase in the photoreactivity of uracil derivatives by doubling thionation
Authors: Pollum M. , Jockusch S. , Crespo-Hernández C. E.
Published: September 2015

Excitation of 2,4-dithiouracil with near-visible radiation is shown to (1) populate the triplet state on an ultrafast time scale in near unity yield, (2) generate singlet oxygen in 50% yield, and (3) induce photocrosslinking with the adenine nucleotide; thus laying a solid foundation for developing therapeutic and structural-biology applications targeting RNA.
Recasting the Callaway and von Baeyer thermal conductivity model on defective oxide materials: the ZnO–In2O3 system as an example
Authors: Liang Xin
Published: September 2015

Recasting the Callaway and von Baeyer model for calculating the thermal conductivity of oxide materials containing defects of various dimensions, illustrated with the ZnO–In2O3 system.
Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production in water under visible light using noble metal-free ferrous phosphide as an active cocatalyst
Authors: Sun Zijun , Chen Huanlin , Huang Qiang , Du Pingwu
Published: September 2015

For the first time, ferrous phosphide (Fe2P) is used as an active noble metal-free cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2 production under visible light in water. The rate of H2 production can be enhanced by more than 30 times by loading Fe2P on CdS nanorod surfaces.
Comparative study of sulfur-free nickel and palladium catalysts in hydrodeoxygenation of different fatty acid feedstocks for production of biofuels
Authors: Hachemi Imane , Jeništová Klara , Mäki-Arvela Päivi , Kumar Narendra , Eränen Kari , Hemming Jarl , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: September 2015

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of fatty acids has been investigated using different feedstocks for renewable diesel production.
Harvesting temperature fluctuations as electrical energy using torsional and tensile polymer muscles
Authors: Kim Shi Hyeong , Lima Márcio D. , Kozlov Mikhail E. , Haines Carter S. , Spinks Geoffrey M. , Aziz Shazed , Choi Changsoon , Sim Hyeon Jun , Wang Xuemin , Lu Hongbing , Qian Dong , Madden John D. W. , Baughman Ray H. , Kim Seon Jeong
Published: September 2015

Low-grade waste heat is harvested as electrical energy by employing thermally-powered torsional and tensile artificial muscles made from inexpensive polymer fibers used for fishing line and sewing thread.
A Schiff base modified gold catalyst for green and efficient H2 production from formic acid
Authors: Liu Qinggang , Yang Xiaofeng , Huang Yanqiang , Xu Shutao , Su Xiong , Pan Xiaoli , Xu Jinming , Wang Aiqin , Liang Changhai , Wang Xinkui , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2015

A novel Schiff base modified gold nanocatalyst was designed for H2 production from pure formic acid (FA) without any additives.
In situ synthesis of cotton-derived Ni/C catalysts with controllable structures and enhanced catalytic performance
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhao Zongbin , Dyatkin Boris , Liu Chang , Qiu Jieshan
Published: September 2015

Due to the good hydrophilicity of natural cotton, a simple, green, and low-cost strategy has been designed to in situ fabricate Ni/C catalysts with a controllable structure and catalytic performance.
Fragile X mental retardation protein interactions with a G quadruplex structure in the 3′-untranslated region of NR2B mRNA
Authors: Stefanovic Snezana , DeMarco Brett A. , Underwood Ayana , Williams Kathryn R. , Bassell Gary J. , Mihailescu Mihaela Rita
Published: September 2015

Fragile X syndrome, the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability, is caused by a trinucleotide CGG expansion in the 5′-untranslated region of the FMR1 gene, which leads to the loss of expression of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP).
A galactose-functionalized dendritic siRNA-nanovector to potentiate hepatitis C inhibition in liver cells
Authors: Lakshminarayanan Abirami , Reddy B. Uma , Raghav Nallani , Ravi Vijay Kumar , Kumar Anuj , Maiti Prabal K. , Sood A. K. , Jayaraman N. , Das Saumitra
Published: September 2015

A multidisciplinary approach providing ‘proof-of-concept’ for liver-targeted delivery of siRNA using dendritic galactoside vector to combat HCV infection.
Extraordinary boundary morphologies of large-scale ordered domains of spheres in thin films of a narrowly dispersed diblock copolymer via thermodynamic control
Authors: Shi Ling-Ying , Li Hang , Lei Wei-Wei , Ni Wei , Ran Rong , Pan Yu , Fan Xing-He , Shen Zhihao
Published: September 2015

Long-range ordering of BCC spheres and extraordinary morphologies at boundaries of adjacent orderly oriented domains observed in BCP thin films via thermodynamical control may have specific potential in nanotechnology.
Tuning nonlinear optical absorption properties of WS2 nanosheets
Authors: Long Hui , Tao Lili , Tang Chun Yin , Zhou Bo , Zhao Yuda , Zeng Longhui , Yu Siu Fung , Lau Shu Ping , Chai Yang , Tsang Yuen Hong
Published: September 2015

Size and thickness-dependent nonlinear optical absorption of WS2 is studied. The results indicate that smaller and thinner WS2 exhibit better NOA properties.
Adsorbent 2D and 3D carbon matrices with protected magnetic iron nanoparticles
Authors: Carreño N. L. V. , Escote M. T. , Valentini A. , McCafferty L. , Stolojan V. , Beliatis M. , Mills C. A. , Rhodes R. , Smith C. T. G. , Silva S. R. P.
Published: September 2015

We report on the synthesis of two and three dimensional carbonaceous sponges produced directly from graphene oxide (GO) into which functionalized iron nanoparticles can be introduced to render it magnetic.
Experimental and theoretical photoluminescence studies in nucleic acid assembled gold-upconverting nanoparticle clusters
Authors: He Liangcan , Mao Chenchen , Cho Suehyun , Ma Ke , Xi Weixian , Bowman Christopher N. , Park Wounjhang , Cha Jennifer N.
Published: September 2015

Combinations of rare earth doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) and gold nanostructures are sought as nanoscale theranostics due to their ability to convert near infrared (NIR) photons into visible light and heat.
Nano-structured electron transporting materials for perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Hefei , Huang Ziru , Wei Shiyuan , Zheng Lingling , Xiao Lixin , Gong Qihuang
Published: September 2015

The properties, morphology and preparation methods of nano-structured electron transporting materials for perovskite solar cells are reviewed in this article.
One-pot and ultrafast synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots possessing bright dual wavelength fluorescence emission
Authors: Sun Xiangcheng , Brückner Christian , Lei Yu
Published: September 2015

Microwave-assisted synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon dots with high quantum yield and dual (blue and green) fluorescence emission.
The Ugi reaction in polymer chemistry: syntheses, applications and perspectives
Authors: Yang Bin , Zhao Yuan , Wei Yen , Fu Changkui , Tao Lei
Published: September 2015

The well-known Ugi reaction is becoming a novel, efficient and useful tool to prepare multifunctional polymers.
Saturated and stabilized white electroluminescence with simultaneous three-color emission from a six-armed star-shaped single-polymer system
Authors: Jiu Yuan-Da , Liu Cheng-Fang , Wang Jian-Yun , Lai Wen-Yong , Jiang Yi , Xu Wei-Dong , Zhang Xin-Wen , Huang Wei
Published: September 2015

A six-armed star-shaped single-polymer system with simultaneous red, green, and blue emission was explored to achieve saturated and stabilized white emission.
A synthetic peptide inhibits human ovarian cancer cell motility
Authors: Wei Yan , Huang Di , Wang Kaiqun , Du Jingjing , Hu Yinchun
Published: September 2015

The synthetic SV-peptide inhibits cancer cell migration through inhibition of FAK–Rho signaling and influences the small G protein family expression.
Quantum chemical and experimental insights for the ionic liquid facilitated thermal dehydrogenation of ethylene diamine bisborane
Authors: Banerjee Basudhrity , Kundu Debashis , Pugazhenthi G. , Banerjee Tamal
Published: September 2015

Ionic liquids (ILs) were screened on the basis of solubility of ethylene diamine bisborane (EDAB) using the COSMO-SAC model and LUMO–HOMO calculations. Thereafter, thermal dehydrogenation of EDAB was conducted with imidazolium-acetate based ILs.
Room temperature reaction of polycarbosilane with iodine under different atmospheres for polymer-derived silicon carbide fibres
Authors: Hong Junsung , Cho Kwang-Youn , Shin Dong-Geun , Kim Jung-Il , Riu Doh-Hyung
Published: September 2015

Iodisation of polycarbosilane under an oxygen-free atmosphere, even at room temperature, leads to the cleavage of Si–H and C–H bonds and construction of –Si–C– networks, thereby allowing oxygen-free curing for SiC fibres with low oxygen contents.
Tannin as a gatekeeper of pH-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles for drug delivery
Authors: Hu Chunlin , Yu Lingxue , Zheng Zhen , Wang Jing , Liu Yuan , Jiang Yifeng , Tong Guangzhi , Zhou Yanjun , Wang Xinling
Published: September 2015

Tannin grafted on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (tannin-MSNs) was synthesized by the amidation reaction of carboxyl benzyl borate with amino group modified MSN.
Preparation and characterization of potential doxorubicin-loaded mixed micelles formed from vitamin E containing graft copolymers and PEG-b-PLA diblock copolymers
Authors: Lee Kuan-Yi , Chiu Yu-Ting , Lo Chun-Liang
Published: September 2015

Mixed micelles formed from mPEG-b-PLA and PHPMA-g-α-TOS were investigated to accelerate drug release, improve cancer cell uptake and enhance cytotoxicity.
Selective electrochemical detection of dopamine using nitrogen-doped graphene/manganese monoxide composites
Authors: Chen Ruwen , Wang Yangzhong , Liu Yang , Li Jinghong
Published: September 2015

Nitrogen doping plays a critical role in regulating the electronic properties of graphene, which has shown fascinating applications in bioelectronics and biosensors.
Self-assembled flower-like ZnCo2O4hierarchical superstructures for high capacity supercapacitors
Authors: Ratha Satyajit , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: September 2015

Self-assembled ZnCo2O4nanosheets were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method and their electrochemical supercapacitor properties were investigated in 2 M aqueous KOH solution.
Sediment microbial fuel cells as a new source of renewable and sustainable energy: present status and future prospects
Authors: Zabihallahpoor Atieh , Rahimnejad Mostafa , Talebnia Farid
Published: September 2015

SMFCs are a bioelectricity production technology for low power applications. Recent advances in SMFCs are investigated to enhance their performance. Power improvement and organic matter reduction in SMFCs enlarge their range of applications.
Flame retardant and toughening mechanisms of core–shell microspheres
Authors: Zhao Chunxia , He Da , Wang Yi , Xing Yunliang , Li Yuntao
Published: September 2015

Epoxy (EP) composites containing polystyrene-ammonium polyphosphate core–shell microspheres (CSPPS-APP) were developed for flame retardant and toughening effects.
Remarkable electrochemical lithium storage behaviour of two-dimensional ultrathin α-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets
Authors: Zhu Youqi , Cao Chuanbao
Published: September 2015

The as-synthesized 2D ultrathin α-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets show a reversible conversion-type electrochemical behaviour with a high activity toward lithium ions.
Copper-mediated aerobic oxidative synthesis of benzimidazo fused quinazolines via a multicomponent approach
Authors: Rai Byanju , Kumar Promod , Kumar Atul
Published: September 2015

First copper mediated aerobic oxidative multi-component synthesis of benzimidazo[1,2-c]quinazolines has been developed from 2-(2-halophenyl)benzoimidazoles, aldehydes and sodium azide as nitrogen source.
Hierarchically macro-mesoporous flowerlike Pt/NiO composite microspheres for efficient formaldehyde oxidation at room temperature
Authors: Nie Longhui , Meng Aiyun , Teng Fei , Cheng Bei
Published: September 2015

A hierarchically macro-mesoporous flowerlike Pt/NiO catalyst shows more enhanced catalytic activity than a particle-like Pt/NiO catalyst.
Metal free synthesis of morpholine fused [5,1-c] triazolyl glycoconjugates via glycosyl azido alcohols
Authors: Mishra Kunj B. , Shashi Somesh , Tiwari Vinod K.
Published: September 2015

A series of diverse glycosyl 1,2-azido alcohols, obtained from readily available carbohydrates, were converted to structurally varied rare and novel sugar derived morpholine fused [5,1-c]-triazoles via a one-pot strategy.
Conjugation of polyethylenimine and its derivatives to carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles
Authors: Kasprzak Artur , Popławska Magdalena , Bystrzejewski Michał , Łabędź Olga , Grudziński Ireneusz P.
Published: September 2015

Polyethylenimine and its pre-synthesized derivatives were conjugated to carbon-encapsulated iron nanoparticles.
Anion-exchange reaction synthesized CoNi2S4 nanowires for superior electrochemical performances
Authors: Hu Qingqing , Ma Wenqin , Liang Gan , Nan Honghong , Zheng Xiaoting , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we report CoNi2S4 nanowire arrays (NWAs) on 3D nickel foams based on an anion-exchange reaction which involved the pseudo Kirkendall effect.
Conversion of carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in an advanced single-phase reaction system consisting of water and 1,2-dimethoxyethane
Authors: Wang Shurong , Lin Haizhou , Chen Jingping , Zhao Yuan , Ru Bin , Qiu Kunzan , Zhou Jinsong
Published: September 2015

An advanced single-phase reaction system consisting of water–DMOE solvent and AlCl3 could be used efficiently and economically in HMF production.
Multistage drug delivery system based on microenvironment-responsive dendrimer–gelatin nanoparticles for deep tumor penetration
Authors: Hu Guanlian , Wang Yang , He Qin , Gao Huile
Published: September 2015

A multistage drug delivery system was designed, which showed MMP-2 sensitive shrinkage and enhanced penetration properties.
Structure, viscoelasticity, and interfacial dynamics of a model polymeric bicontinuous microemulsion
Authors: Hickey Robert J. , Gillard Timothy M. , Irwin Matthew T. , Lodge Timothy P. , Bates Frank S.
Published: September 2015

The properties of polymeric BμEs are controlled by the same interfacial dynamics that govern the behavior of undiluted diblock copolymer melts.
Microstructure and rheology of microfibril–polymer networks
Authors: Veen Sandra J. , Versluis Peter , Kuijk Anke , Velikov Krassimir P.
Published: September 2015

The microstructure and rheological properties of microfibril networks can be controlled by using an adsorbing charged polymer in combination with mechanical de-agglomeration.
Crystallization-driven one-dimensional self-assembly of polyethylene-b-poly(tert-butylacrylate) diblock copolymers in DMF: effects of crystallization temperature and the corona-forming block
Authors: Fan Bin , Liu Lei , Li Jun-Huan , Ke Xi-Xian , Xu Jun-Ting , Du Bin-Yang , Fan Zhi-Qiang
Published: September 2015

Crystallization temperature and the PtBA block length affect the growth of crystalline PE-b-PtBA cylindrical micelles, and quasi-living growth can be achieved.
Sandwich-like reduced graphene oxide wrapped MOF-derived ZnCo2O4–ZnO–C on nickel foam as anodes for high performance lithium ion batteries
Authors: Li Zhaoqiang , Yin Longwei
Published: September 2015

A MOF composite GO/Zn–Co–ZIF/nickel foam derived RGO/ZnCo2O4–ZnO–C/Ni sandwich-like anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance as a binder-free anode for LIBs.
Ultra-light and elastic graphene foams with a hierarchical structure and a high oil absorption capacity
Authors: Bai Jie , Zhou Anan , Huang Zhifeng , Wu Jifeng , Bai Hua , Li Lei
Published: September 2015

Graphene foams with large cells and excellent elasticity were prepared by the mechanical foaming method and used as oil absorbers.
Zn1−xFexO films: from transparent Fe-diluted ZnO wurtzite to magnetic Zn-diluted Fe3O4 spinel
Authors: Perrière J. , Hebert C. , Nistor M. , Millon E. , Ganem J. J. , Jedrecy N.
Published: September 2015

The resistivity of the Zn1−xFexO thin films drastically depends upon the nature of the phases which are present, i.e. highly resistive Fe-doped ZnO wurtzite and half-metallic Zn-doped Fe3O4 spinel.
Controlling and revealing the trap distributions of Ca6BaP4O17:Eu2+,R3+ (R = Dy, Tb, Ce, Gd, Nd) by codoping different trivalent lanthanides
Authors: Guo Haijie , Wang Yuhua , Chen Wenbo , Zeng Wei , Han Shaochun , Li Gen , Li Yanyan
Published: September 2015

The trap distributions in the band gap can be tuned by codoping different trivalent lanthanides.
Targeted delivery of “copper carbonate” nanoparticles to cancer cells in vivo
Authors: Pramanik Arindam , Laha Dipranjan , Chattopadhyay Sourav , Dash Sandeep Kumar , Roy Somenath , Pramanik Panchanan , Karmakar Parimal
Published: September 2015

Novel CuCO3 nanoparticles induced apoptosis in a human cervical cancer cell line. The folic acid mediated targeting of the CuCO3 receptor was studied in vitro & in vivo.
Closed‐form and dispersive model considerations for relative permittivity extraction at millimetre‐wave frequencies
Authors: Anderson Christopher Stephen , Aroor Supreetha R. , Henderson Rashaunda M.
Published: September 2015

This study provides a simple broadband method for determining the dielectric properties of laminate substrate materials used in integration and packaging solutions for commercial millimetre‐wave applications. Relative permittivity and loss tangent are extracted from coplanar lines using closed‐form equations that account for as‐fabricated transmission line dimensions. The method is applied to a low loss substrate alumina and further tested on glass impregnated epoxy resin materials with metals that have an appreciable metal surface roughness. The work expands existing material characterisation methods that are typically based on thin films. The dielectric substrates are thin, similar to integrated circuits, but the metal thicknesses remain on the order of packaging substrates. This study considers the critical parameters and manufacturing features for designs and millimetre‐wave material measurements on these types of materials. The method has an accuracy of within 10% of known values, utilises off‐the‐shelf software solutions when available, and requires no fixturing beyond the sample material. Error analysis is provided with material information on Isola FR408 up to 110 GHz.
Ludwig-Soret effect of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol oligomers, crown ethers, and glycerol: Temperature, molecular weight, and hydrogen bond effect
Authors: Maeda Kousaku , Shinyashiki Naoki , Yagihara Shin , Wiegand Simone , Kita Rio
Published: September 2015

The thermal diffusion, also called the Ludwig-Soret effect, of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol oligomers, crown ethers, and glycerol is investigated as a function of temperature by thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering. The Soret coefficient, ST, and the thermal diffusion coefficient, DT, show a linear temperature dependence for all studied compounds in the investigated temperature range. The magnitudes and the slopes of ST and DT vary with the chemical structure of the solute molecules. All studied molecules contain ether and/or hydroxyl groups, which can act as acceptor or donor to form hydrogen bonds, respectively. By introducing the number of donor and acceptor sites of each solute molecule, we can express their hydrogen bond capability. ST and DT can be described by an empirical equation depending on the difference of donor minus acceptor sites and the molecular weight of the solute molecule.
Relatively high plasma density in low pressure inductive discharges
Authors: Kang Hyun-Ju , Kim Yu-Sin , Chung Chin-Wook
Published: September 2015

Electron energy probability functions (EEPFs) were measured in a low pressure argon inductive discharge. As radio frequency (RF) power increases, discharge mode is changed from E-mode (capacitively coupled) to H-mode (inductively coupled) and the EEPFs evolve from a bi-Maxwellian distribution to a Maxwellian distribution. It is found that the plasma densities at low RF powers (<30 W) are much higher than the density predicted from the slope of the densities at high powers. Because high portion of high energy electrons of the bi-Maxwellian distribution lowers the collisional energy loss and low electron temperature of low energy electrons reduces particle loss rate at low powers. Therefore, the energy loss of plasma decreases and electron densities become higher at low powers.
Kinetic instabilities in pulsed operation mode of a 14 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source
Authors: Tarvainen O. , Kalvas T. , Koivisto H. , Komppula J. , Kronholm R. , Laulainen J. , Izotov I. , Mansfeld D. , Skalyga V.
Published: September 2015

The occurrence of kinetic plasma instabilities is studied in pulsed operation mode of a 14 GHz A-electron cyclotron resonance type electron cyclotron resonance ion source. It is shown that the temporal delay between the plasma breakdown and the appearance of the instabilities is on the order of 10-100 ms. The most important parameters affecting the delay are magnetic field strength and neutral gas pressure. It is demonstrated that kinetic instabilities limit the high charge state ion beam production in the unstable operating regime.
Boundary conditions for the solution of the three-dimensional Poisson equation in open metallic enclosures
Authors: Biswas Debabrata , Singh Gaurav , Kumar Raghwendra
Published: September 2015

Numerical solution of the Poisson equation in metallic enclosures, open at one or more ends, is important in many practical situations, such as high power microwave or photo-cathode devices. It requires imposition of a suitable boundary condition at the open end. In this paper, methods for solving the Poisson equation are investigated for various charge densities and aspect ratios of the open ends. It is found that a mixture of second order and third order local asymptotic boundary conditions is best suited for large aspect ratios, while a proposed non-local matching method, based on the solution of the Laplace equation, scores well when the aspect ratio is near unity for all charge density variations, including ones where the centre of charge is close to an open end or the charge density is non-localized. The two methods complement each other and can be used in electrostatic calculations where the computational domain needs to be terminated at the open boundaries of the metallic enclosure.
Room temperature Ultraviolet B emission from InAlGaN films synthesized by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Kong W. , Roberts A. T. , Jiao W. Y. , Fournelle J. , Kim T. H. , Losurdo M. , Everitt H. O. , Brown A. S.
Published: September 2015

Thin films of the wide bandgap quaternary semiconductor InxAlyGa(1−x−y)N with low In (x = 0.01–0.05) and high Al composition (y = 0.40–0.49) were synthesized on GaN templates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. High-resolution X-ray diffraction was used to correlate the strain accommodation of the films to composition. Room temperature ultraviolet B (280 nm–320 nm) photoluminescence intensity increased with increasing In composition, while the Stokes shift remained relatively constant. The data suggest a competition between radiative and non-radiative recombination occurs for carriers, respectively, localized at centers produced by In incorporation and at dislocations produced by strain relaxation.
Microscopic insight into the origin of enhanced glass-forming ability of metallic melts on micro-alloying
Authors: Chen C. J. , Podlesnyak A. , Mamontov E. , Wang W. H. , Chathoth S. M.
Published: September 2015

Extensive efforts have been made to develop metallic-glasses with large casting diameter. Such efforts were hindered by the poor understanding of glass formation mechanisms and the origin of the glass-forming ability (GFA) in metallic glass-forming systems. In this work, we have investigated relaxation dynamics of a model bulk glass-forming alloy system that shows the enhanced at first and then diminished GFA on increasing the percentage of micro-alloying. The micro-alloying did not have any significant impact on the thermodynamic properties. The GFA increasing on micro-alloying in this system cannot be explained by the present theoretical knowledge. Our results indicate that atomic caging is the primary factor that influences the GFA. The composition dependence of the atomic caging time or residence time is found to be well correlated with GFA of the system.
Demonstration of long minority carrier lifetimes in very narrow bandgap ternary InAs/GaInSb superlattices
Authors: Haugan H. J. , Brown G. J. , Olson B. V. , Kadlec E. A. , Kim J. K. , Shaner E. A.
Published: September 2015

Minority carrier lifetimes in very long wavelength infrared (VLWIR) InAs/GaInSb superlattices (SLs) are reported using time-resolved microwave reflectance measurements. A strain-balanced ternary SL absorber layer of 47.0 Å InAs/21.5 Å Ga0.75In0.25Sb, corresponding to a bandgap of ∼50 meV, is found to have a minority carrier lifetime of 140 ± 20 ns at ∼18 K. This lifetime is extraordinarily long, when compared to lifetime values previously reported for other VLWIR SL detector materials. This enhancement is attributed to the strain-engineered ternary design, which offers a variety of epitaxial advantages and ultimately leads to a reduction of defect-mediated recombination centers.
Band alignment of epitaxial SrTiO3 thin films with (LaAlO3)0.3-(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 (001)
Authors: Comes Ryan B. , Xu Peng , Jalan Bharat , Chambers Scott A.
Published: September 2015

SrTiO3 (STO) epitaxial thin films and heterostructures are of considerable interest due to the wide range of functionalities they exhibit. The alloy perovskite (LaAlO3)0.3-(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 (LSAT) is commonly used as a substrate for these material structures due to its structural compatibility with STO and the strain-induced ferroelectric response in STO films grown on LSAT. However, surprisingly little is known about the electronic properties of the STO/LSAT interface despite its potentially important role in affecting the overall electronic structure of system. We examine the band alignment of STO/LSAT heterostructures using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for epitaxial STO films deposited using two different molecular beam epitaxy approaches. We find that the valence band offset ranges from +0.2(1) eV to −0.2(1) eV depending on the film surface termination. From these results, we extract a conduction band offset from −2.4(1) eV to −2.8(1) eV, indicating that the conduction band edge is more deeply bound in STO and that LSAT will not act as a sink or trap for electrons in the supported film or multilayer.
Generation of broadband terahertz radiation using a backward wave oscillator and pseudospark-sourced electron beam
Authors: He W. , Zhang L. , Bowes D. , Yin H. , Ronald K. , Phelps A. D. R. , Cross A. W.
Published: September 2015

This paper presents for the generation of a small size high current density pseudospark (PS) electron beam for a high frequency (0.2 THz) Backward Wave Oscillator (BWO) through a Doppler up-shift of the plasma frequency. An electron beam ∼1 mm diameter carrying a current of up to 10 A and current density of 108 A m−2, with a sweeping voltage of 42 to 25 kV and pulse duration of 25 ns, was generated from the PS discharge. This beam propagated through the rippled-wall slow wave structure of a BWO beam-wave interaction region in a plasma environment without the need for a guiding magnetic field. Plasma wave assisted beam-wave interaction resulted in broadband output over a frequency range of 186–202 GHz with a maximum power of 20 W.
Significance of accurate diffraction corrections for the second harmonic wave in determining the acoustic nonlinearity parameter
Authors: Jeong Hyunjo , Zhang Shuzeng , Barnard Dan , Li Xiongbing
Published: September 2015

The accurate measurement of acoustic nonlinearity parameter β for fluids or solids generally requires making corrections for diffraction effects due to finite size geometry of transmitter and receiver. These effects are well known in linear acoustics, while those for second harmonic waves have not been well addressed and therefore not properly considered in previous studies. In this work, we explicitly define the attenuation and diffraction corrections using the multi-Gaussian beam (MGB) equations which were developed from the quasilinear solutions of the KZK equation. The effects of making these corrections are examined through the simulation of β determination in water. Diffraction corrections are found to have more significant effects than attenuation corrections, and the β values of water can be estimated experimentally with less than 5% errors when the exact second harmonic diffraction corrections are used together with the negligible attenuation correction effects on the basis of linear frequency dependence between attenuation coefficients, α2 ≃ 2α1.
Structural characterization of electric-field assisted dip-coating of gold nanoparticles on silicon
Authors: Dushaq Ghada H. , Alkhatib Amro , Rasras Mahmoud S. , Nayfeh Ammar M.
Published: September 2015

We report the effect of applying an electric field on the surface coverage of 40nm gold colloidal nanoparticles on silicon wafer using dip-coating and electrochemical cell set up. By applying electric field during the dip-coating of silicon wafer in a solution of gold nano particles (GNP) the surface coverage increased by 10% when the electric field varied from 5V/cm to 25V/cm at fixed deposition time of 90s. Ultra High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HRSEM) images shows that the particle agglomeration becomes more noticeable at higher electric field and as the deposition time increases from 90 s to 20 min a thin film of gold is achieved. Moreover, the results are discussed in terms of chemical bonding, electrostatic force and electrophoretic mobility of Au nano particles during the electric field enhanced deposition on the Si surface. Applied voltage, time of dipping, concentration of the aqueous solution, and particles zeta potential are all can be controlled to enhance the uniformity and particles profile on the silicon surface.
Picture of the health status of Aboriginal children living in an urban setting of Sydney
Authors: Gardner Suzie , Woolfenden Susan , Callaghan Lola , Allende Trudy , Winters Jennifer , Wong Grace , Caplice Shea , Zwi Karen
Published: September 2015

Objectives The aims of the present study were to: (1) describe the health status and health indicators for urban Aboriginal children (age 0–16 years) in south-east Sydney; and (2) evaluate the quality of routinely collected clinical data and its usefulness in monitoring local progress of health outcomes. Methods Aboriginal maternal and child health routine data, from multiple databases, for individuals accessing maternal and child health services between January 2007 and December 2012 were examined and compared with state and national health indicators. Results Reductions in maternal smoking, premature delivery and low birthweight delivery rates were achieved in some years, but no consistent trends emerged. Paediatric services had increased referrals each year. The most frequent diagnoses were nutritional problems, language delay or disorder and developmental delay or learning difficulties. Twenty per cent of children had a chronic medical condition requiring long-term follow-up. Aboriginal children were more likely to be discharged from hospital against medical advice than non-Aboriginal children. Routinely collected data did not include some information essential to monitor determinants of health and health outcomes. Conclusions Aboriginal children living in this urban setting had high levels of need. Routinely recorded data were suboptimal for monitoring local health status and needed to reflect national and state health indicators. Routinely collected data can identify service gaps and guide service development. What is known about this topic? Despite improvements in some areas, there continue to be significant gaps in maternal and child health outcomes between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australians. These are poorly documented at a local service level. What does this paper add? Intensive, local services offered to Aboriginal women and children can result in rapid service engagement. Health service data routinely collected by local services can be used to demonstrate reductions in antenatal risk factors in pregnant Aboriginal women, even within the short time frame of 6 years. However, improvements in child health outcomes may require longer time frames. In this urban setting, the most frequent diagnoses in Aboriginal children attending the service were nutritional problems, language delay or disorder and developmental delay or learning difficulties. What are the implications for practitioners? Key information regarding determinants of health should be routinely monitored at a local level to understand local rates and health needs in addition to evaluating and quantifying the effectiveness of service delivery or health promotion activities.
Clinical supervision for allied health staff: necessary but not sufficient
Authors: Leggat Sandra G. , Phillips Bev , Pearce Philippa , Dawson Margaret , Schulz Debbie , Smith Jenni
Published: September 2015

Objectives
The aim of the present study was to explore the perspectives of allied health professionals on appropriate content for effective clinical supervision of staff.

Methods
A set of statements regarding clinical supervision was identified from the literature and confirmed through a Q-sort process. The final set was administered as an online survey to 437 allied health professionals working in two Australian health services.

Results
Of the 120 respondents, 82 had experienced six or more clinical supervision sessions and were included in the analysis. Respondents suggested that clinical supervision was beneficial to both staff and patients, and was distinct from line management performance monitoring and development. Curiously, some of the respondents did not agree that observation of the supervisee’s clinical practice was an aspect of clinical supervision.

Conclusions
Although clinical supervision is included as a pillar of clinical governance, current practice may not be effective in addressing clinical risk. Australian health services need clear organisational policies that outline the relationship between supervisor and supervisee, the role and responsibilities of managers, the involvement of patients and the types of situations to be communicated to the line managers.

What is known about the topic?
Clinical supervision for allied health professionals is an essential component of clinical governance and is aimed at ensuring safe and high-quality care. However, there is varied understanding of the relationship between clinical supervision and performance management.

What does this paper add?
This paper provides the perspectives of allied health professionals who are experienced as supervisors or who have experienced supervision. The findings suggest a clear role for clinical supervision that needs to be better recognised within organisational policy and procedure.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Supervisors and supervisees must remember their duty of care and ensure compliance with organisational policies in their clinical supervisory practices.
Marine and continental distribution and dynamic of the early spawning migration of twaite shad (Alosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803)) and allis shad (Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758)) in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Nachón D. J. , Mota M. , Antunes C. , Servia M. J. , Cobo F.
Published: September 2015

Knowledge regarding the marine phase of twaite shad (Alosa fallax (Lacépède, 1803)) and allis shad (Alosa alosa (Linnaeus, 1758)) remains limited. To understand the coastal and continental distribution and dynamic of migration of these species, in the present study we collected official data records of marine landings (kg), separated according to species, for all fish markets in Galicia (north-west of the Iberian Peninsula) and undertook freshwater field sampling campaigns. The findings indicate that both species of shad exhibit a coastal distribution near the rivers where they spawn, namely the Minho and Ulla rivers. Catches at sea declined from January, a phenomenon that can be understood as the onset of migration to the rivers. Bycatch reports are important because both A. fallax and A. alosa are listed in the Annex V of the European Union Habitats Directive, which lists animal species whose exploitation and taking in the wild may be subject to management measures. However, for a better management of these species it is necessary to understand the magnitude of displacements and connection of shad populations at sea.
Variation in morphology and life-history strategy of an exploited sparid fish
Authors: Parsons D. M. , Morrison M. A. , Gillanders B. M. , Clements K. D. , Bury S. J. , Bian R. , Spong K. T.
Published: September 2015

Defining appropriate management units to balance productivity and yield of exploited species is fundamental to effective resource management. Anecdotal and tag–recapture information related to morphology, movement behaviour and life-history strategy suggest that separate groups of snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) exist in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. To address the existence of discrete groups, we examined morphology, meristics and otolith chemistry from snapper collected throughout the Hauraki Gulf. We also used tag–recapture information, stable isotope analysis and interpreted functional aspects of morphology and meristics data to understand potential life-history strategy differences. Snapper from rocky reef habitats did not display morphology and meristic features distinct from snapper from soft sediment habitats and differences in otolith chemistry and stable isotope ratios could respectively be explained by a locational influence and predominance of kelp in rocky reef food webs. Conversely, snapper collected from a known spawning area had distinct morphological and meristic features consistent with semi–pelagic sparids and stable isotope analysis also indicated a potentially more pelagic and higher trophic-level diet. Maintenance of population complexity such as this is generally beneficial to fish populations, and can be achieved by revisiting the spatial units used for fishery management.
Low diversity of helminth parasites in Sardina pilchardus and Engraulis encrasicolus (Clupeidae) from the Bay of Biscay
Authors: Dessier Aurélie , Dupuy Christine , Trancart Thomas , Audras Alexandre , Bustamante Paco , Gérard Claudia
Published: September 2015

Parasitological data are increasingly used to provide information on host populations, trophic interactions and free-living biodiversity. In the present study, we investigated parasitic helminths in Sardina pilchardus and Engraulis encrasicolus from the Bay of Biscay (north-east Atlantic). In addition, helminths infecting E. encrasicolus were reviewed. Surprisingly, the field study revealed the occurrence of only three species of Ascaridoidea (Anisakis simplex s.s., Anisakis pegreffi and Hysterothylacium aduncum) in both fish species despite the high diversity of helminth parasites (mostly heteroxenous trophically transmitted) recorded throughout their distribution range (i.e. 39 and 15 taxa for S. pilchardus and E. encrasicolus respectively, with 12 shared taxa among them). This low diversity of helminth parasites in the Bay of Biscay may be indicative of a low free-living biodiversity. Moreover, similarities in the helminth parasites of S. pilchardus and E. encrasicolus, recorded both in the present field study and across their entire geographic distribution, suggest ecological and feeding similarities between these two planktivorous fish. However, the higher prevalence and mean intensity of Ascaridoidea in E. encrasicolus (v. S. pilchardus) in the Bay of Biscay also highlighted differences that were considered the result of its higher trophic plasticity.
Placenta-derived extracellular vesicles: their cargo and possible functions
Authors: Familari Mary , Cronqvist Tina , Masoumi Zahra , Hansson Stefan R.
Published: September 2015

The literature on extracellular vesicles consists of rapidly expanding and often contradictory information. In this paper we attempt to review what is currently known regarding extracellular vesicles released specifically from human placental syncytiotrophoblast cells with a focus on the common but complex pregnancy-associated syndrome pre-eclampsia, where the level of syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicle release is significantly increased. We review common methods for syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicle derivation and isolation and we discuss the cargo of syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles including proteins, RNA and lipids and their possible functions. A meta-analysis of available trophoblast-derived extracellular vesicle proteomic datasets revealed only three proteins in common: albumin, fibronectin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, suggesting some variability in vesicle cargo, most likely reflecting stage and cell type of origin. We discuss the possible sources of variability that may have led to the low number of common markers, which has led us to speculate that markers and density in common use may not be strict criteria for identifying and isolating placenta-derived exosomes.
Space use by resident and transient coyotes in an urban–rural landscape mosaic
Authors: Mitchell Numi , Strohbach Michael W. , Pratt Ralph , Finn Wendy C. , Strauss Eric G.
Published: September 2015

Context
Coyotes (Canis latrans) have adapted successfully to human landscape alteration in the past 150 years and in recent decades have successfully moved into urban areas. While this causes concern about human–wildlife conflicts, research also suggests that coyotes tend to avoid humans and human activity in urban areas. For improving management, a better understanding of space use by coyotes is needed.

Aims
To study how coyote social behaviour influences fine-scale space use in urban areas we present results from an extensive, multi-year GPS telemetry study (2005–13). The study area in coastal Rhode Island is a mosaic of rural, suburban and urban land use and coyotes have only recently arrived.

Methods
We differentiated between two social classes: residents (individuals that have established a territory; n = 24) and transients (individuals that have no territory; n = 7). Space use was analysed using mixed effect models and detailed land-cover data.

Key results
Coyotes tended to select for agricultural and densely vegetated land cover and against land used for housing and commerce. Pasture and cropland were preferred by residents and avoided by transients, especially at night, indicating the role of agricultural land as prime foraging habitat. Both groups selected densely vegetated land cover for daytime shelter sites. Transients selected for densely vegetated land cover both day and night, indicating use for both shelter and foraging. Resident coyotes avoided high- and medium-density housing more than transients.

Conclusions
We interpret land-cover selection by resident coyotes as indicative of coyote habitat preference, while transients more often occupied marginal habitats that probably do not reflect their preferences. Differences in land cover selection between residents and transients suggest that transients have a corollary strategy to avoid residents.

Implications
With cover and food appearing to be important drivers of space use, coexistence strategies can build on controlling food resources as well as on the tendency of coyotes to avoid humans. Nevertheless, transients, having the need to avoid territorial resident coyotes as well, show a reduced aversion to land cover with high human activity, creating a higher potential for human–wildlife conflicts.
The “Belgian Tetris”
Authors: Perrez Julien , Reuchamps Min
Published: September 2015

As metaphors not only reflect perceived reality, but can also function as cues through which citizens come to understand complex political processes, the aim of this study is to look at how specific metaphors might impact on the citizens’ framing of Belgian federalism. To measure the impact of metaphors on political representations, we conducted an experiment among 493 citizens based on an article published in the newspaper “Le Soir”, in which Belgian federalism was compared to a Tetris game in both a text and an image. The participants were distributed across four experimental conditions according to the type of input they had been exposed to (text and image, text only, image only, no input) and were asked to perform a free description task. The productions of the participants were analyzed using keyword and content analyses. The results suggest that the participants who had been exposed to the experimental text tended to frame their perception of Belgian federalism in different ways. They also show that reading the text had more of an impact on the representations than looking at the image, but that this impact was in both cases short-lived.
How viruses and beasts affect our opinions (or not)
Authors: Reijnierse W.Gudrun , Burgers Christian , Krennmayr Tina , Steen Gerard J.
Published: September 2015

Based on the assumption that extended metaphor may constitute a case of deliberate metaphor and therefore has the potential to influence people’s opinions, this paper investigates whether extending a metaphorical frame in a text leads people to perceive policy measures that are in line with that frame as more effective for solving a crime problem than other policy measures. The metaphorical frames ‘Crime is a virus’ and ‘Crime is a beast’ were extended in one experiment each via a series of additional conventional metaphorical expressions having crime as the target domain and beasts/viruses as the source domain. Participants (N = 354, Experiment 1; N = 361, Experiment 2) were randomly assigned to one of five experimental conditions with increasing numbers of sentences containing metaphorical expressions, and rated the effectiveness of a set of policy measures to solve the crime problem described in the text. The data yield limited support for our hypothesis. When controlling for political affiliation, the ratings for frame-consistent measures trended in the hypothesised direction in Experiment 2. Experiment 1 yielded a trend for frame-inconsistent measures. These results suggest that metaphorical framing effects may be more subtle than has been assumed.