bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissemination of multi-resistant bacterial strains associated with the community and the hospital: an overview of public health risk
Authors: Lucena Bruna Jessica Dantas de , Morais Emanuelly Lorrany de Souza , Sousa Sarah Vitoria Gomes de
Published: January 2023

The evolutionary process of microorganisms favors their survival in hyspid environments. Annually thousands of lives are claimed as a result of resistant bacteria, pathogens previously restricted to the hospital environment can now be easily found in the community. The main objective of the present study is to provide information on the microbiological dissemination pathways in the community, focusing on food and surfaces. The study is a systematic review, in which several studies published in journals originally in the English language were analyzed and evaluated, during the period from 2017 to 2022. In order to select the studies with the greatest scientific evidence, favoring controlled and randomized clinical trials, in addition to systematic and bibliographic reviews. The lack of biosecurity when handling products of animal origin is a major risk to public health, these failures involve not washing hands after handling, using the same container for preparing or storing raw meat to ingest the cooked meat, without due prior cleaning. According to a survey, approximately 90% of the cell phones of health professionals were colonized by some microorganism, where 14% represented pathogenic and infection- causing bacteria. The dissemination of knowledge about hygiene and daily care is fundamental in controlling the transmission and spread of multidrug- resistant microorganisms. This action is capable of saving lives and helping the health system to develop more effective treatments, thus, research in the field of bacteriology is essential to improve academic and community knowledge.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of contraceptive methods, Chile
Authors: Calderón Canales Felipe , Agüero Guerra Nayarett , Álamos Silva Francisca , Andrade Millalonco Claudia , Jubal Morales Paulina , Waymann Landini Catalina
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Daily life was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, so there were difficulties in getting inputs (merchandise, job, services, etc.), and obtaining contraceptives were specifically affected.
Aim: describe the impact of the pandemic as regards the use of methods of contraception in women aged 18-23 living in Viña del Mar.
Methods: This study is cross-sectional, continuous quantitative, a non-probabilistic sampling denominated “snowball”. Women living in Viña del Mar City were surveyed, and the sample size amounts to 90 persons, with a cohort point ranging from 18 to 23 years.
Results: 85 % of surveyed women are students. The more frequently used methods of contraception are the pill and the external condom. During the pandemic (2020, 2021, 2022), 12,87 % of them left their method of contraception, whereas 17,76 % changed it.
Conclusion: The pandemic is a determining factor in adherence to methods of contraception. Even though the results we obtained in this study are positive as compared to other pieces of research, it must be considered that interrupting them entails a violation of sexual and reproductive rights, which must be guaranteed despite being in a crisis
The Climbing Swamp Fern, Stenochlaena palustris (Burm. F.) Bedd. (Blechnaceae) - A Noxious Weed in Oil Palm Estates and Its Management
Authors:   Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, GAIT FEE CHUNG
Published: January 2023

The climbing swamp fern or Stenochlaena palustris, is a fern that has a creeping stem/rhizome which often grows into a vigorous sheet colony over large areas and climbs robustly on palm trunks as an epiphyte. The young shoots or new fronds of this fern are consumed as vegetables by humans. The fern has other usages in local medicine, basket making and a beneficial role in pest management. In a field with thick tall sheet growth of S. palustris, the harvesting, evacuation of fresh fruit bunch (FFB), loose fruit collection and many field operations will be difficult to be carried out efficiently. The luxurious epiphytic growth on palm trunk up into the canopy prevents the sighting and cutting of FFB during harvesting and thus many ripe FFB are left unharvested, which subsequently become over-ripe/ rotten. In both situations, oil palm yield in severely infested fields is badly impacted. In line with the integrated weed management approach, prevention of the establishment of S. palustris is important by early control of isolated colonies or small patches of this noxious weed in the replanting fields, drain sides and on trunk chips. In the control of this serious noxious weed, various measures applied singly or in combination are necessary in line with integrated weed management approach. Over the years, chemical control has been widely practiced in rubber and oil palm plantations. The herbicides including 2,4,5-T, paraquat, DSMA (disodium methyl arsonate), MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate), diuron, sodium chlorate, 2,4-D sodium, 2,4-D amine, imazapyr, glyphosate, glufosinate-ammonium, metsulfuron-methyl, saflufenacil and sulfentrazone (and mixtures) are briefly discussed and reviewed. To mitigate the removal of paraquat, several alternatives have been identified and reported by several researchers. The writer’s recommendations to control S. palustris for mature plantings are: i) sodium chlorate + metsulfuron-methyl at 5.5 kg + 75 g per hectare (or 220 g + 3 g per 18 L water), ii) glyphosate + metsulfuron-methyl at 1.5 L + 75 g per hectare (or 60 ml + 3 g per 18 L water), iii) glufosinate-ammonium at 3.3 L per hectare (or 132 ml per 18 L water). For control of S. palustris in inter-row areas of immature plantings, treatments i) and iii) are recommended. This is to avoid unacceptable phytotoxicity to spear and new fronds of immature palms due to spray drift of glyphosate. For long-term control of S. palustris in pure stand and in inter-row areas, spraying of metsulfuron-methyl at 150 g product per hectare (or 20% product in 6 g per 18 L water) is recommended. For spraying of epiphytic S. palustris and other mixed species of epiphytes, glyphosate + metsulfuron-methyl at 1.5 L + 75 g per hectare (or 60 ml + 3 g per 18 L water) is recommended and the optimum spraying time is after frond pruning operation. Keywords: Stenochlaena palustris, noxious weed, climbing epiphytic weed, oil palm plantations, management, herbicides.
Survey of Key Descriptive References for Chemometric Methods Used for Spectroscopy: Part II
Authors: Workman Jerome , Mark Howard
Published: January 2023

This article is the second in a series that lists four key explanatory or tutorial references for each of the 29 chemometric methods previously described. The references selected are particularly helpful to explain the use of each method for spectroscopic data. Also included are common computer software platforms used for chemometrics.
The Nexus Between Urbanization, Renewable Energy, Financial Development, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Vurur N. Serap
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze the relationship between renewable energy production and financial development, urbanization, and economic growth in the 1980-2020 period of the Turkish economy, which draws attention to its high growth rate. Methodology: To determine the relationship between financial development, economic growth, urbanization, and renewable Energy, ARDL cointegration analysis, cointegration regression models, and Toda Yamamoto causality analysis will be applied using 1980-2020 period data. Results/Findings: The ARDL boundary test shows a long-run relationship between financial development, economic growth, urbanization, and energy consumption under structural breaks. According to the cointegration regression model results, renewable energy production is determined by financial development and per capita GDP. Toda Yamamoto causality analysis shows the existence of causality running from financial development, per capita GDP, and urbanization variables to renewable energy production. The results reveal that in determining Turkey long-term energy demand projections and strategies of Turkey's, it is necessary to consider both the impact of financial development and economic growth and the supply of energy needs with sustainable resources by minimizing foreign dependency. Originality and Practical Implications: According to the government's estimates, electricity consumption is expected to reach 370 TWh in 2025 and 591 TWh in 2040. These developments reveal the importance of energy consumption in the Turkish economy and make it necessary to investigate the factors affecting energy production.
Extreme Upwelling Events in the Seas of the Alor Kecil, Alor Island, Indonesia
Authors:   Universitas Diponegoro, Wirasatriya Anindya , Susanto Dwi , Setiawan Joga , Agustiadi Teguh , Iskandar Iskhaq , Ismanto Aris , Nugraha Arief Laila , Puryajati Ardiansyah , Kunarso  , Purwandana Adi , Ramdani Fatwa , Lestari Tri Ayu , Maro Jahved , Nungnulang Yupiter , Kitarake Sondy , Sailana Yansens , Goro Muhammad , Hidayah Baeti , Widiaratih Rikha , Fitria Shoimatul , Dollu Efrin
Published: January 2023

Upwelling is a process by which deep, colder, higher-nutrient waters are brought to the sea surface. In the tropics, an indicator that an upwelling event has occurred is lowering of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to 25°–27°C from a mean of ~28°C. Based on more than one year of in situ data, we observed an unusual extreme upwelling event (EUE) when the near-surface temperature (NST) dropped by 10°C within one hour during the spring tide in Mulut Kumbang Strait of Alor Kecil. The extreme minimum NST during this EUE was ~12°C, and the upward displacement speed of the cold water was ~0.012 m s–1. The increase in salinity from ~30‰ to 34‰–36 ‰ during the decrease in NST indicates a deep source for the cold water mass . From bathymetry and CTD data, the source of the cold water mass was a deep basin (>300 m) located at the southern part of Pantar Strait. In this basin, the temperature at 270 m depth can be as low as 8°C. We suggest that tidal sloshing (i.e., the back-and-forth movement of water) brings the cold water mass through a channel that connects this deep basin to Mulut Kumbang Strait. Interactions between semi-diurnal (M2, S2, and N2) tidal components strongly modulate the tidal signal with a period of nearly one month. That EUEs only occur from August to November also suggests a strong monsoonal influence. Because tides are predictable, we suggest that future EUEs are predictable.
Sistem SCADA pada miniatur Smart Home Bertenaga Surya
Authors: Alfa Z Fikri Mohammad , Sakhalish Zayyan Muhammad , Edo Mikrado Juan , B Sulistiawati Irrine , Soetedjo Aryuanto , Somawirata I Komang , Sotyohadi Sotyohadi
Published: January 2023

A smart home is a combination of technology and services in the home environment that aims to increase the efficiency, comfort and safety of its residents. This smart home is controlled by Outseal PLC which communicates locally using RS485 with Haiwell SCADA HMI. Apart from controlling and monitoring through the Haiwell SCADA HMI[1], you can do it via a smartphone by downloading the Haiwell Cloud app in the Playstore. When the light is turned on via the Haiwell Scada HMI or using a Smartphone, the buttons on the Haiwell Scada HMI and the smartphone will turn on. And there is a delay of about 5 seconds, due to the time it takes to send information to Outseal PLC. The main objective of this journal is to introduce children to smart home by making a miniature smart home using SCADA, Outseal PLC Arduino Mega and other components. In this paper we use SCADA, the RS 485 control protocol to create this miniature smart home. It used to be that if the user wanted to control equipment, he had to move near the wall and control the sacred. This method is inconvenient for the elderly and disabled. therefore created a smart home that can be controlled and controlled remotely This miniature smart home uses solar panels as an energy source so when there is a blackout, this miniature can still be used[2].
On Application of Fixed Point Theorem to Insurance Loss Model
Authors: ABIOLA Bankole , ABERE Omotayo Johncally
Published: January 2023

The future development when an insurance company is in a difficult circumstance can be described by a stochastic process which the insurance company is tasked to manage effectively in order to achieve best goal of the company. Application of an effective risk or loss management model in an insurance company brings in more revenue for the insurer and less conditional pay-out of claims to the insured. Insurance losses, risks and premium calculation or pricing have been active and essential topics in insurance and actuarial literatures but most of these literatures did not only stand the test of time due to dynamic nature of insurance principles and practices in highly evolving environment but also lack the intuitive and detailed standard rating logic to adjust loss rating to a particular experience. There is a need to strike a balance in charging an appropriate and equitable premium by applying a suitable loss model that gives a sufficient uniquely determined solution that will not necessarily put an insurer or the insured in uncertain awkward business situations. Therefore, the objective of this research is to obtain sufficient conditions for convergence of algorithm towards a fixed point under typical insurance loss and actuarial circumstances to achieve a uniquely determined solution. At the end, a unique fixed point was determined and the algorithm formulated converges towards that point through straightforward and simplified generalised formulae and functions.
Developing an Accounting Disclosure Framework in A Big Data Environment: An Applied Study in The Egyptian Banks
Authors: Mohamed Ibrahim Fadel Dr. Ahmed , Sayed Ahmed Amin Bassant
Published: January 2023

The research aims to suggest a model for accounting disclosure in a big data environment that improves the quality of accounting information of Egyptian banks. The researchers depend on the use of the content analysis method to analyze quarterly financial reports, the reports of the Board of Directors of banks operating in Egypt from 1/1/2019 to 31/12/2020. The E-VIEWS program have been used to test the study’s assumptions that reflect the relationship between disclosure development in a big data environment. Additionally, Qualitative Characteristics of Useful Financial Information. The results of the study indicate a significant digit’s correlation between the development of accounting disclosure in a big data environment expressed by the total disclosure model in a big data environment and relevance, as well as a non-significant digits and a direct correlation between the form disclosure index in a big data environment and relevance. It also indicates significant digits and a direct correlation between (the public content disclosure index, the financial content disclosure index, and between the disclosure index through the use of networks and social media) in a big data environment and relevance. It also indicates a significant digit’s relationship between the development of accounting disclosure in a big data environment expressed by the total disclosure model the form disclosure index in a big data environment and faithful representation. It also indicates significant digits and the expletive relationship between the public content disclosure index, as well as a significant digits and direct correlation between the financial disclosure index and faithful representation and specifies significant digits and direct correlation between the disclosure index through the use of networks and social media in the context of a big data environment and faithful representation.
Positive Deviant Intervention Prevents Acute Malnutrition in Younger Siblings of Undernourished Children in Migori County, Kenya
Authors:   Department of Environmental Health, University of Kabianga, Kenya, Otieno Anino Calvince , Mercy Were Grtrude ,   Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Eldoret, Kenya, Wanjiku Khamasi Jennifer ,   Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, Kenya
Published: January 2023

Positive Deviance (PD) Hearth program is designed to reverse Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) and prevent Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) in children below five years. The aim of the present study was to establish the degree to which PD Hearth prevents malnutrition among the younger siblings of children in the program and to identify the role of the PD Hearth program on improving local capacity and community participation and empowerment on nutrition interventions. PD Hearth program was designed in Migori County to reverse MAM and prevent SAM in undernourished children. Younger siblings of 60 children in the program were identified through single stage cluster sampling to evaluate the nutrition outcome six (6) months after the Hearth sessions. A pipeline quasi-experimental design and mixed methods were used to collect data and perform statistical analyses. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) for the younger siblings of the children in the program were taken; chiefs and the CHWs were also interviewed using a pretest questionnaire. Younger siblings aged 0-6 months and 6-12 months had high nutrition indicators (above -1 score) for mean Weight-for-Height (WAZ), Height-for-Age (HAZ) and Weight-for-Height (WHZ). Also, siblings in the age categories, 12-24 had high Z-scores (greater than -1 score) in WHZ and WAZ but not HAZ (-2.14±0.04). The PD Hearth program had positive influence on the home and health care practices by mothers and health workers respectively. The caregivers also noted that involvement of the local leaders contributed to the success of the PD Hearth program.
Household Food Security and Nutritional Status of HIV Sero-Positive Patients in Longisa County Hospital, Kenya
Authors:   Kenyatta University, Kipngeno Tonui Kenneth , Onyango Christine ,   Maseno University, Njogu Eunice ,   Kenyatta University
Published: January 2023

Globally a total of 842 million people was food insecure between 2011 and 2013. The prevalence of food insecurity in Africa is high whereby close to 25% of Africa’s population is food insecure More than 10 million Kenyans are chronically food insecure and 1.6 million have HIV. Food insecurity remains a crucial problem in poor households, and its implications worsen in disease states including Human Immuno-deficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The purpose of this study was to assess the household food security and the nutritional status of HIV sero-positive patients attending Comprehensive Care Clinic at Longisa County Hospital, Bomet County. The study used a cross-sectional study design on a sample size of 210 HIV sero-positive patients. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic and socio-economic factors, anthropometric measurements, and food security status. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson-moment correlation, Chi-square, Independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results showed that 61.6% were females, household food insecurity prevalence was 17.7% About 23.7% of the respondent’s households had severe household hunger. Mean Household Hunger Scale score (HHS) was 1.56±0.061 indicating that most of the respondent’s households experienced moderate household hunger. 7.6% of the respondents were severely undernourished, and 15.2% were moderately undernourished. There was a significant relationship between nutritional status measured by BMI and household food security status at p=0.001. Household food security status measured by HHS and nutritional status had a significant association at p=0.001. Household food security status is a core determinant of the nutritional status of HIV sero-positive clients. Such information provides an ample platform for optimizing ART, enhancing rehabilitation, and adherence to treatment.
Cancer Screening and Consumption of Leafy Vegetables Among a Peri Urban Community of Nairobi Metropolis
Authors:   University of Nairobi, Wakuthie Muthike Caroline , Imungi Jasper ,   University of Nairobi, Kogi -Makau Wambui ,   University of Nairobi, Muge Edward ,   University of Nairobi
Published: January 2023

Cancer is an increasing health burden in the developing world. Diet and early cancer screening have been shown to be among the few measures that could either prevent or enable early detection hence higher chances of cure. Consumption of at least five servings of vegetables per day has been recommended in order to combat cancer and other non-communicable diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the consumption of green leafy vegetables and cancer screening. This study was cross-sectional in design which used a structured questionnaire to get quantitative information. Random sampling was used to get 439 households which participated through one respondent. The method used was interviewer administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) over a week’s period and a demographics and economics questionnaire. Data was computed using the SPPS V. 16 software. Association was done using chi-square analysis individuals were interviewed on cancer screening. Significance level was at 95% or a P=0.05.The prevalence of cancer in the area was at 4%. More females (23%) than males (14%) went for cancer screening. There was a significant association between gender and cancer screening (χ28.034, df=1, P=0.005). There was also a significant association between occupation and cancer screening (χ228.158, df =6, P=0.000). The most daily consumed leafy vegetables were kales (18.72%), spinach (16.44%) and cabbages (5.71%). Consumption frequency of vegetables that were associated with cancer screening include: broccoli (P=0.00,Cl(0.000-0.001), kales(P=0.01,Cl(0.009-0.015), mushroom P=0.02,Cl(0.014-0.021), Spinach P=0.00,Cl(0.001-0.003) and pumpkin P=0.02Cl(0.019-0.027).The demographics associated with cancer screening were found to be gender and occupation. The vegetable consumption frequency that was associated with cancer screening includes: broccoli, kales, mushroom, spinach and pumpkin leaves.
Commercially Caught Freshwater Fishes in the Philippines: Status, Issues, and Recommendations
Authors:   Agricultural Sciences Division, National Academy of Science and Technology Philippines, Guerrero III Rafael
Published: January 2023

The Philippines is endowed with 406,328 hectares of inland waters consisting of lakes, marshes, and reservoirs. In 2018, the production of inland fisheries in the country was 164,835 metric tons (3.8% of total fisheries production) with a value of PHP 5.8 billion. This study was conducted to determine the status of commercially caught freshwater fishes in major inland waters based on available data, literature, and information from key informants and personal observations, and identify issues and recommend strategies for the sustainability of such fishes. Results of the analyses showed that the top 10 commercially caught freshwater fishes in 2017 were tilapia (50%), carp (16.4%), mudfish (11.0%), Asiatic catfish (6.6%), gourami (5.0%), white goby (3.8%), Manila catfish (2.6%), climbing perch (2.4%), silver perch (1.7%), and freshwater sardine (1.5%). Between 2005 and 2017, the highest increases in production were for the freshwater sardine (+49.7%), Asiatic catfish (+41.6%), and carp (+32.5%) while the highest decreases were for the silver perch (-69.8%), white goby (-39.5%), and Manila catfish (-26.6%). There was an average annual increase of 4.2% in the production of the 10 fishes for 2005-2017. The tilapia, mudfish, Asiatic catfish, and climbing perch were found in all regions of the country while the carp, gourami, white goby, Manila catfish, and silver perch were found in most regions. The freshwater sardine, on the other hand, was only found in the Lake Taal of Region IV-A (CALABARZON). The major issues threatening the sustainability of freshwater fishes were identified as overfishing, water pollution, invasive fishes, and environmental degradation. Recommendations for addressing such issues include the imposition of a closed fishing season, strict implementation of water quality standards, firm enforcement of rules and regulations for foreign/exotic fishes, and the reforestation of denuded forests.
Critical Analysis of BAZNAS Financial Performance
Authors: Ahmad Muhammad Malik Sayyid , Mulyati Sri , Maulidha Erina
Published: January 2023

This study aims to analyze and find out the financial performance of the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) during the period 2014 to 2018. The measurement of financial performance is carried out using financial ratio indicators published by the BAZNAS Strategic Study Center (PUSKAS). The financial ratios consist of components of activity, efficiency, amil funds, liquidity, and growth. The objects used in this research are the financial statements, and / or annual reports of BAZNAS. The results of this study indicate that in terms of activity, it can be said that one ratio is less effective, one ratio is quite effective, five effective ratios, one ratio is very effective, then two ratios are not good conditions, five ratios are good conditions, and three ratios are very good conditions. In terms of efficiency, one ratio can be said to be quite efficient and one ratio is inefficient. In terms of amil funds, three ratios can be said to be in bad condition. In terms of liquidity, one ratio can be said to be in bad condition, and one ratio in good condition. In terms of growth, it can be said that one ratio is out of tune, two ratios are in good condition, and two ratios are in very good condition. BAZNAS still has to maintain good performance, and continue to make changes and improvements even better on a performance that has not been good
A Fintech-Backed Effective Mosque-Funds Mobilization and Collection Framework in Uganda
Authors: Hamzah Namungo , Haji-Othman Yusuf , Cheumar Mohammadtahir
Published: January 2023

This paper's purpose is to explore the role financial technology (FinTech) plays in the effective finance mobilization and management in Mosques in Uganda. This paper looks into the concept of FinTech, its evolution, operation in Uganda and goes further to propose an effective framework through which it can contribution to the effective Mosque funds mobilization and management in Uganda. Financial technology, also known as FinTech, is sub-domain of information technology that is often used to underscore new technological systems that automate, speed up and effectively deliver transactions and financial information through specialized software and hardware built for specific purposes. This qualitative research aims to propose an effective FinTech-backed framework through which mosques can achieve higher funds (Zakat, Sadaqa etc.) collection margins as compared to the traditional methods.
The effect of Acacia nilotica bark extract on growth performance, carcass characteristics, immune response, and intestinal morphology in broilers as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoter
Authors: Zahid Muhammad Umer , Khalique Anjum , Qaisrani Shafqat Nawaz , Ashraf Muhammad , Sheikh Ali Ahmad , Yaqoob Muhammad Umar
Published: January 2023

Objective: Present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Acacia nilotica bark extract as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers.Methods: Six hundred, day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups (NC, without any supplementation; AB, NC+Zinc Bacitracin; PB, NC+Safmannan; ANBE1, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.1%; ANBE3, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.3%; ANBE5, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.5%), with ten replicates per group (10 chicks/replicate) and feeding trial was lasted for 35 days.Results: Results showed that weight gain (1,296.63 g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.59) of AB was better than NC, during the finisher phase. Overall FCR of AB (1.53), PB (1.54), and ANBE5 (1.54) was significantly (p<0.05) better than NC. From carcass parameters relative weight of wing and heart were highest in ANBE3 (2.5% and 1.51%, respectively). Significantly (p<0.05) highest blood glucose level was observed in NC (264.5 mg/dL) and highest albumin concentration was found in AB (1.46 mg/dL). In addition, antibody titer levels against ND and IBD were higher in ANBE5 than NC, while higher relative weight of bursa was observed in ANBE3 than NC. The villus height to crypt depth ratio in all experimental groups was better than NC.Conclusion: Acacia nilotica bark extract could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to support the growth in broilers.
Effect of ACADL on the differentiation of goat subcutaneous adipocyte
Authors: Li A , Li YY , Wuqie QB , Li X , Zhang H , Wang Y , Wang YL , Zhu JJ , Lin YQ
Published: January 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to clone the mRNA sequence of the Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long chain (ACADL) gene of goats and explore the effect of ACADL on the differentiation of subcutaneous fat cells on this basis.Methods: We obtained the ACADL gene of goats by cloning and used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect the ACADL expression patterns of different goat tissues and subcutaneous fat cells at different lipid induction stages. In addition, we transfect intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes separately by constructing overexpressed ACADL vectors and synthesizing Si-ACADL; finally, we observed the changes in oil red stained cell levels under the microscope, and qPCR detected changes in mRNA levels.Results: The results showed goat ACADL gene expressed in sebum fat. During adipocyte differentiation, ACADL gradually increased from 0 to 24 h of culture, and decreased. Overexpression of ACADL promoted differentiation of subcutaneous adipocytes in goat and inhibited their differentiation after interference.Conclusion: So, we infer ACADL may have an important role in positive regulating the differentiation process in goat subcutaneous adipocytes. This study will provide basic data for further study of the role of ACADL in goat subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation and lays the foundation for final elucidating of its molecular mechanisms in regulating subcutaneous fat deposition in goats.
Effects of crude oligosaccharide extract from agricultural by-products on the performance and gut development of broilers
Authors: Sittiya Janjira , Chimtong Suphavadee , Sriwarcharameta Phumipat
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of crude oligosaccharide extract from coconut milk meal (CMM) and spent tea leaves (ST) on the performance and gut development of broiler chickens.Methods: A total of 240 one-day-old unsexed broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were raised on litter-floored pens and had ad libitum access to water for 42 days. The experiment was conducted on chicks fed with basal diet (CON), commercial mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), crude oligosaccharide extract from CMM, and crude oligosaccharide extract from ST. The experimental diets were supplemented with 2 and 1 g/kg oligosaccharides during the starter and grower periods, respectively.Results: The body weight gain (BWG) of birds in the MOS group was higher than that of birds in the other groups (p<0.05) in the starter period. However, during the grower period, ST significantly improved the BWG compared to the MOS (p<0.05). MOS, CMM, and ST showed no influence on the carcass and visceral organ weight and the weight and length of intestine (p>0.05). The digestibility of gross energy was greater (p<0.05) in the CMM group than in the CON group during the grower period. Morphological changes were absent in the dietary treatments (p>0.05).Conclusion: The improvements in the growth performance were partly driven by nutrient digestibility of such oligosaccharides having prebiotic properties. This result can indicate that supplementing broiler diets with crude oligosaccharides from CMM and ST had no negative effect on the growth performance and gut development of broilers.
Exosome-mediated delivery of gga-miR-20a-5p regulates immune response of chicken macrophages by targeting IFNGR2, MAPK1, MAP3K5, and MAP3K14
Authors: Hong Yeojin , Heo Jubi , Kang Suyeon , Vu Thi Hao , Lillehoj Hyun S. , Hong Yeong Ho
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the target genes of gga-miR-20a-5p and the regulated immune responses in the chicken macrophage cell line, HD11, by the exosome-mediated delivery of miR-20a-5p.Methods: Exosomes were purified from the chicken macrophage cell line HD11. Then, mimic gga-miR-20p or negative control miRNA were internalized into HD11 exosomes. HD11 cells were transfected with gga-miR-20a-5p or negative control miRNA containing exosomes. After 44 h of transfection, cells were incubated with or without 5 μg/mL poly(I:C) for 4 h. Then, expression of target genes and cytokines was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: Using a luciferase reporter assay, we identified that gga-miR-20a-5p directly targeted interferon gamma receptor 2 (IFNGR2), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 (MAP3K5), and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 (MAP3K14). Moreover, the exosome-mediated delivery of gga-miR-20a-5p successfully repressed the expression of IFNGR2, MAPK1, MAP3K5, and MAP3K14 in HD11 cells. The expressions of interferon-stimulated genes (MX dynamin like GTPase 1 [MX1], eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A [EIF2A], and oligoadenylate synthase-like [OASL]) and proinflammatory cytokines (interferon-gamma [IFNG], interleukin-1 beta [IL1B], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNFA]) were also downregulated by exosomal miR-20a-5p. In addition, the proliferation of HD11 cells was increased by exosomal miR-20a-5p.Conclusion: The exosome-mediated delivery of gga-miR-20a-5p regulated immune responses by controlling the MAPK and apoptotic signaling pathways. Furthermore, we expected that exosomal miR-20a-5p could maintain immune homeostasis against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 infection by regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and cell death.
Effects of diet and castration on fatty acid composition and volatile compounds in the meat of Korean native black goats
Authors: Lee Jinwook , Kim Hye-Jin , Lee Sung-Soo , Kim Kwan-Woo , Kim Dong-Kyo , Lee Sang-Hoon , Lee Eun-Do , Choi Bong-Hwan , Barido Farouq Heidar , Jang Aera
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study determined the effects of dietary treatments and castration on meat quality, fatty acids (FAs) profiles, and volatile compounds in Korean native black goats (KNBG, Capra hircus coreanae), including the relationship between the population of rumen microbiomes and meat FA profiles.Methods: Twenty-four KNBG (48.6±1.4 kg) were randomly allocated to one of four treatments arranged into a 2×2 factorial structure. The factors were dietary forage to concentrate ratio (high forage [HF, 80:20] and low forage [LF, 20:80]), and a castration treatment (castration [CA] vs non-castration [NCA]).Results: Among meat quality traits, the CA group exhibited a higher percentage of crude fat and water holding capacity (p<0.05). The profiles of the saturated fatty acid (SFA) in meat sample derived from CA KNBG showed a significantly lower percentage compared to NCA individuals, due to the lower proportion of C14:0 and C18:0. Feeding a high-forage diet to KNBG increased the formation of C18:1n7, C18:3n3, C20:1n9, C22:4n6 in meat, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) profiles (p<0.05). Consequently, the n6:n3 ratio declined (p<0.05). There was an interaction between dietary treatment and castration for formation of C20:5n3 (p<0.05), while C18:1n9, C22:6n3, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and the MUFA:SFA ratio were influenced by both diet and castration (p<0.05). Nine volatile compounds were identified and were strongly influenced by both dietary treatments, castration (p<0.05), and their interaction. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinctly different odor patterns in the NCA goats fed LF diets. Spearman correlation analysis showed a high correlation between rumen bacteria and meat PUFAs.Conclusion: These results suggest the essential effects of the rumen microbial population for the synthesis of meat FAs and volatile compounds in KNBG meat, where dietary intake and castration also contribute substantially.
Android Adware Detection using Soot and CFG
Authors: Park Jungsoo , Jung Souhwan
Published: January 2023

Adware is the most common type of malware. While considered not harmful in nature, it disrupts the user experience and generates unwanted revenue. Adware is also difficult to analyze and detect, therefore it is actively distributed through the Google Play Store. In the case of known adware detection, analysis takes a long time due to prolonged dynamic analysis to reveal Ads, and the result of network traffic analysis is difficult to determine traffic such as multimedia streaming, which results in a high probability of false positives. In this paper, we introduce a method to efficiently detect adware using static analysis. CFG(Control Flow Graph) analysis was performed using Soot to identify the adware signatures. 52 signatures were obtained through analysis of 1000 samples, and the optimized detection efficiency was measured while changing the depth (level) of the CFG. In addition, it achieves 91.92% of accuracy when analyzing 1380 normal and 4490 adware samples. This approach has similar detection rate in a shorter time compared to the existing dynamic analysis, and it does not require operation check as in previous dynamic analysis approaches.
Malaysian Public Sector Accounting Standards (MPSAS) Implementation in State Governments of Malaysia: Status and Challenges
Authors: Abu Hasan Haslida , Saleh Zakiah , Isa Che Ruhana
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This paper aims to share the experience of state governments in Malaysia in implementing the Malaysian Public Sector Accounting Standards (MPSAS). Methodology/Approach: A mixed methods study involving questionnaire survey and interview was employed. The study covers all 13 state governments of Malaysia. A total of 147 accounting and finance staff responded to the questionnaires and 12 interview sessions were held in 12 states involving the state treasurers. Findings: Similar challenges observed in other countries in implementing IPSAS prevailed in the 13 state governments, which are (i) resources related to lack of competent accounting and finance staff, and lack of IT facilities and IT support; (ii) accounting and reporting issues related to difficulties in assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses recognitions and measurement; and (iii) top management commitment in ensuring successful change management programmes. However, many of those challenges have been tackled except for the application of MPSAS, where trained staff is still lacking. Research Limitations/Implications: This paper explores the implementation of accrual accounting via the computerised accounting system used by the state governments in Malaysia. The system caters to both MPSAS accrual accounting and cash accounting reports. Production of MPSAS accrual accounting reports has not been made mandatory. Thus, the discussion in this paper is limited to respondents’ experience with the computerised MPSAS-based accrual accounting system used to produce cash accounting reports. Practical implications: Findings from this paper provide insights for state governments to plan for effective implementation of MPSAS. Originality/value: This paper discovers the real issues faced by the state governments of Malaysia in implementing MPSAS. Keywords: Accrual accounting, IPSAS, MPSAS, public sector, developing countries.
Pendekatan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Untuk Mereduksi Trauma Korban Bencana Alam
Authors: Salsabila Arsih  , Netrwawati  , Yeni Karneli
Published: January 2023

Indonesia is geographically, geologically, and demographically prone to natural disasters. This results in a frightening and psychologically shaking life for victims of natural disasters in the form of stress and trauma experienced. If not handled properly, this condition becomes a serious threat to life after natural disasters. they need counseling services to reduce trauma and stabilize their emotions. This research aims to help reduce the trauma of victims of natural disasters and return to a healthy psychological condition. The research method used is literature study, collecting data by constructing various sources such as books, journals, and research. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is provided in the form of counseling service assistance, chosen to change the cognitive and behavior of victims that cause traumatic conditions.
Management of Fluorosis using Resin Infiltration Technique
Authors: Khan Fahad , Ashfaque Saman
Published: January 2023

Dental fluorosis is a form of hypomineralisation, which is caused by ingestion of excess amounts of fluoride during enamel formation. Fluorosis can manifest as faint, white horizontal lines running across the surfaces of the teeth, diffuse white opacities, brown staining or pitting. Resin infiltration (Icon, DMG, Germany) can be used to treat mild to moderate forms of fluorosis yielding a more homogenous color of the tooth. This case report is about a 37-year-old patient presenting with moderate fluorosis, which was treated with tooth whitening and resin infiltration to achieve aesthetic results.
Unmasking the impact of facemasks on healthcare professionals and patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ashtari Parnyan , Ormond Martyn , Carey Barbara
Published: January 2023

The foundations of patient interactions are heavily dependent on facial expression, tone and inflection that help communicate treatment plans, obtain consent and break bad news. The expansion in use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic may adversely affect the quality of patient-clinician interaction and service provision.

##OBJECTIVES:

To assess the impact of face masks on the experience of dental staff and patients at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust.

##METHODS:

A survey was developed using a combination of validated psychometric and demographic questions. The survey was administered to 166 dental staff and 57 patients. Data was electronically analysed. Qualitative data was thematically analysed.

##RESULTS:

Themes identified included: clinical; physical effects; psychological; pre-existing communication difficulties; communication barriers; and accessibility to dental services. Sixty-three percent (32/57) of patients noted that PPE affected their communication and interaction. Over 70% (119/164) of dental staff reported repetition during consultations.

##CONCLUSION:

This study highlights the positive and adverse physical and psychological impacts of facemasks on healthcare professionals and patients. Alternative solutions to mitigate the negative impact of face masks on communication include the use of virtual and visual aids. Furthermore, the implementation of wellbeing and support resources can aid in the challenges presented to healthcare teams.
Diagnostic Pathway of Head & Neck Cancer Patients in Ireland: Audit of patterns of first attendance 1983-2019.
Authors: O'Sullivan Eleanor , MacCarthy Denise
Published: January 2023

##Objectives:

This audit explores patterns of HNC patient presentation in primary care in Ireland over four decades and reflects on the possible impact of a 10-year national HNC awareness campaign.

##Materials and Methods:

Trends in patient presentation and diagnosis are presented for 920 HNC patients across three time periods: 1983-1990, 2010 and 2018-2019. Descriptive analysis was undertaken using SPSS-v27 on basic demographic details, tumour-related details and primary care referral patterns.

##Results:

Patients were generally male (71%), aged 54+ (71%), and 84% were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Larynx, tongue and tonsil were the most common sub-sites. General Medical Practitioners (GPs) were the first healthcare contact for 75% cases, with only13% referred by General Dental Practitioners (GDPs). This pattern remained consistent across four decades. GDP role was higher for tongue, floor of mouth and intra-oral tumours (30-47%), with some increase seen in recent years. While symptomology varied by site, symptom burden remained high across the decades with 99.9% exhibiting 1+ NICE ‘red flag signs’ of HNC, suggesting considerable diagnostic delay, despite a 10-year national campaign to raise public and professional awareness.

##Conclusions:

This audit highlights the role of GPs in HNC diagnosis, but reveals sub-optimal use of the dental pathway. The high symptom burden reported suggests considerable diagnostic delay. Increased and sustained efforts are required to raise public and professional awareness, encourage regular dental attendance, upskill HCP in opportunistic screening and ensure appropriate responses to symptomatic patients.
An Audit of External Referrals to the Periodontology Department in an Irish University Dental Hospital
Authors: O'Meara Conor , Duncan Henry F , Harrison Peter
Published: January 2023

##Statement of Problem:

Concerns were raised that referrals to the Dublin Dental University Hospital (DDUH) Periodontology Department often lacked sufficient information for triaging.

##Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the quality of periodontal referrals when compared with a local standard and examine if the use of the existing divisional referral proforma was associated with a higher standard of referral.

##Materials and methods:

Data was collected by retrospectively auditing 150 external referrals to the DDUH Periodontology Department at representative intervals over a 12-month period. Referrals were assessed to investigate if they included 22 information points as requested by our local standard (referral proforma). Data was input into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysed. Ten periodontal referrals proforma from similar Dental Institutes across Ireland and the UK were also compared to our proforma to investigate if our institution requests a similar level of information to others.

##Results:

Referral analysis indicated that clinicians provided on average 12.9 out of 22 (59%) items of required information in their referral correspondence. Referrers utilised the appropriate referral proforma in 28% of cases. Use of this proforma was associated with a better standard of referral (17.9 out of 22 required information items provided, 80%) when compared with non-proforma referrals (11.2 out of 22 required information items provided, 51%). Analysis of other institutions’ proforma highlighted that DDUH requests referring practitioners to include more information than equivalent peer institutions.

##Conclusion:

Periodontal referral letters to DDUH frequently fail to include sufficient information. Practitioners seldom utilise the divisional referral proforma, although its use is associated with improved referral quality. Simplification of the existing referral proforma and dissemination of referral guidelines to practitioners is recommended moving forward.