bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geology, Geochemistry and Mineralogy of the Gneissic Trondhjemites, Tonalities, Granodiorites and Related Rocks within the Proterozoic Idzhek-Nuiam and Tyrkanda Faults of the Aldan Shield (North Asian Craton)
Authors: Loskutov Evgenii , Kravchenko Alexander , Beryozkin Vasily
Published: December 2020

Researched magmatic rocks, which undergone the process of polymetamorphism in granulite, amphibolite and greenschist facies, earlier by some geologist was defined as paragneisses and (or) intrusive rocks. In this paper based on geological and geochemical data argue the magmatic nature of rocks and identity to the calc-alkaline series. The series consists of gabbros, diorites, quartz diorites, granodiorites, tonalites and trondhjemites. Contents of the rock-forming oxides and rare earth elements in these rocks are close to the widely known early Proterozoic gabbro-diorite-tonalite-trondhjemite series of the South-West Finland. These features indicate the probability of formation of the researched rocks with the participation of the subduction. As a results of studies established what in M complex possible inclusion of rocks and bodyes from other sites such as Ust-Timpton, Idzhek-Seym and Upper-Gonam pluton. The features of the MS include the linkage with the long-lived faults and associated dynamometamorphic changes of the bodies, polymetamorphism, superimposed chemical changes in the composition of primary rocks, as well as rarely preserved migmatite veinlets in the host rocks. Geochemical similarity of trondhjemite-, tonalites, granodiorites Mariin series and associated rocks with well-known early Proterozoic differentiated series of southwest Finland typical for the Proterozoic and Paleozoic continental margins suggests that the plutons of the Mariin series formed in an active continental margin setting.
Determination of the sampling size for the reliable identification of organic crops by inducing sublethal effects in beneficial insects
Authors: Gómez-Guzmán J. A. , González-Ruiz R.
Published: December 2020

Among the main innovations in olive growing, the conversion of cultivation practices towards organic agriculture stands out. Since the organic crops are subject to the granting of economic subsidies by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, this has given rise to fraudulent situations, masking the use of conventional pesticides in “fake organic” crops. To investigate alternative methods, complementary to analytical chemists that can provide reliable information to discerning organic crops from those subjects to synthetic pesticides is the aim of this research. A new technique is being developed, based on the induction of sublethal effects on the beneficial insects, through the experimental application of a commercial insecticide on a small scale, in the target crop. The effect triggered by the insecticide can be monitored by means of a yellow sticky trap device, installed for each olive tree, which allows to observe deviations in its capture rate from what occurs in the absence of insecticide (control) and finally verifying if the populations of beneficial insects affected in the olive grove, whether or not they are accustomed to the toxic action of the insecticide. Obviously, in order to maintain environmental integrity in the supposed ecological target olive groves, this induction test should be applied on the smallest scale as possible, thus reducing the application area of the pesticide, which implies adjusting the sample size to a minimum, maintaining an acceptable reliability in the estimates. During the autumn of 2017, six plots of 7x7 configuration were selected in an olive grove in the province of Jaén (southern Spain), three of these were treated with Dimethoate, while the remaining were considered as control. After the treatment application, sticky yellow traps were installed (one in each of the olive trees), thus allowing a maximum of 49 repetitions per plot. Among the identified beneficial insects, the most abundant species was Aeolothrips intermedius. Taking this species as a reference, the results indicate that the differences between treated and control parcel were statistically significant from a minimum sample size of 17 replications onwards. In coincidence with the above, the results have allowed determining that the minimum size of the experimental target plot, to obtain acceptable population estimates (relative error of up to 10%), would require a minimum area of at least 100 m2, representing a minimum number of 17 olive trees. These results provide a reasonable statistical basis for suitably adapting the methodology that allows acceptable estimates, therefore, the application of this methodology of detection of organic crops would require a very small area, equivalent to a practically insignificant number of olive trees, so it would not compromise the ecological quality of the target plantation.
Genetic Forest Typology as a Scientific and Methodological Basis for Environmental Studies and Forest Management
Authors: Fomin Valery , Ivanova Natalya , Mikhailovich Anna
Published: December 2020

Paper describes key elements of a genetic approach to classification of forest types – one of the original forest typological research directions in Russia summarizes the results of research over the hundred-year period of formation and development of this promising (from the point of view of sustainable management of natural resources) scientific direction. Authors provide a map of current forest type genetic classification use in the Russian Federation, and outline key perspective directions in the development of genetic classifications within a framework of the described approach. Modern genetic forest typology is an interdisciplinary science. It uses forestry, soil science, biogeography, and landscape ecology, allow you to reflect the processes of forest vegetation dynamics in syntaxons and on maps. Therefore, it gives excellent results for systematizing not only primary forests, but also a variety of secondary plant communities with extremely variable composition. Authors believe that there are the following main avenues of genetic approach to forest type classifications development: improvement of forest zoning technologies based upon assessment of environmental factors’ quantitative values, including development of spatial models for estimating factor values; development of new automated quantitative assessment methods for forest site conditions and tree stands’ parameters using high spatial resolution data obtained from aerial drones; development and verification of the rules for combining forest areas with relatively close parameter values, i.e. with similar forest-growing conditions, in one spatial unit; development and verification of the rules for combining spatial units with relatively different forest-growing conditions into larger units according to applied silvicultural practices; Improvement of existing and development of new forest typological schemes reflecting changes in climate conditions that can be applied for zones with high levels of anthropogenic impacts; development of silvicultural practices and logging technologies considering classification schemes of forest type dynamics; Genetic studies of the populations that compose forest communities. Genetic forest type classification is based upon the origin (genesis) and development of forests. Therefore, genesis studies of forest communities based on genetic analysis of the populations will become the core theme of the future fundamental research in this area.
Determination of Spontaneous Ignition Behaviour of Calcium Stearate Dust Accumulation
Authors: Suvar Niculina-Sonia , Prodan Maria , Nalboc Irina , Szollosi-Mota rei , Suvar Marius Cornel
Published: December 2020

The self-ignition of combustible dusts depends on their chemical composition, on the properties of the substances in the composition, on the granulometry and geometry of the mass of the material and, last but not least, on the ambient temperature. Self-ignition is a complex process that takes place in three successive or simultaneous stages of development. These stages influence each other and are the following: self-heating, evaporation of moisture, and self-ignition itself. The underlying cause of self-heating (or possibly self-ignition) is that molecules on the surface of combustible dust particles are subjected to exothermic reactions with oxygen in the air transported in the free volume between particles, even at normal temperatures. Any amount of heat released will then cause an increase in temperature in the reactive dust-air system, thus accelerating the reaction of other dust molecules with oxygen. Calcium stearate is a carboxylate of calcium, classified as a calcium soap. It is a component of some lubricants, surfactants, as well as many foodstuffs. Due to its large utilization, it was considered important to analyze the flammability properties at bulk depositing to ensure proper safety regulations to avoid unwanted events such as fires or explosions. This paper aims to describe/present the self-ignition behaviour of combustible dust as a function of volume by evaporation tests under constant temperature conditions. The obtained results showed the maximum quantity that can be stored in bulk and the time until an ignition could take place, so that protective measures can be taken to avoid incidents (fires, explosions).
Geothermal Potential of Mining Water in the Bílina Mines
Authors: Davídková Veronika
Published: December 2020

This article is focused on utilization of geothermal potential of mining water in the Bílina Mines. The intention to explore geothermal potential in this area of interest based on consideration to use of this type of the Earth´s heat, such an alternative source of energy. Geothermal energy is cost effective, reliable and sustainable. Using of the geothermal energy leads to the production of green energy. Although geothermal energy has many advantages is not so much utilized. Geothermal energy is natural heat of the Earth, which is accessible from the surface. Economically recoverable only in places its accumulation in the anomalies. In terms of geothermal energy, the site, as part of Podkrušnohorské area, and these are to the most promising areas in the Czech Republic sections characterized by high heat flow. In article is presented research of geothermal energy at Bílina Mines, where the temperature of mining water and abundance of four hydro-geological boreholes were monitored in 2009-2010, 2011-2012 and 2018. Over 200 0000 m3 of water is dewatered from the Bílina Mines annually. These boreholes are used for water monitoring from the mine. Due to the large amount of water pumping is area of interest interesting for using geothermal energy. Results showed that although the geothermal potential of the mine water is not so significant, there will be great potential in low-temperature energy source use for heat pumps. Heat pumps are less expensive, they do not drill deep and their installation is easier. For our case study is recommended use water-to-water heat pumps.
Efficiency of Membrane Ultrafiltration in Water Treatment Plant Jasná
Authors: Barloková Danka , Ilavský Ján , Marton Michal , Slávik rej
Published: December 2020

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a membrane separation process by which the particles of mechanical nature are removed from the water. Thanks to the pore diameter that are the order of tenths nm and the material, constructional and chemical properties of UF membranes, this technology represents the final solution for a secured protection against the turbidity that is caused by content of non-soluble and colloid particles of organic and inorganic origin, bacteria and the majority of viruses. Ultrafiltration was investigated within the pilot-plant tests at the WTP Jasná during the treatment of surface water originating from the water source Zadná voda. Water treatment is in this locality focused on turbidity that is caused by storm rainfalls and snow thawing. Fully automated ultrafiltration equipment with the membrane modul UA-640 (Microdyn-Nadir) was used. On the base of filtration cycles, the effectiveness of membraned technology was evaluated. Water was supplied to the UF-device by the pump, so the UF-flow rate was invariably maintained at the 600 L/h Period of filtration cycle was 30 minutes. Following the end of the cycle, washing of membrane by using the back-flushing by water and air was applied. Filtered water accumulated in the tank was used for back-flushing while the air was supplied by the air-pump connected to the device. Any way of washing of the membrane did last for 30 seconds. On the base of filtration cycles, the effectiveness of membraned technology was evaluated. Turbidity removal is the major issue at the WTP Jasná. Limit for turbidity 5 NTU is set by Decree No. 247/2007 Col. Measuring data provided that the turbidity level of water treated by using the ultrafiltration device are compliant with the legal limit for drinking water. By using the ultrafiltration, the decrease by 76,1% has been reached in the first experiment (average turbidity in raw water 1,55 NTU). The efficiency of turbidity removal was 95,2% that was reached by ultrafiltration of water with a higher level of turbidity (average turbidity in raw water 8 NTU). High effectiveness of ultrafiltration was reached also with the water with the turbidity 37 NTU. In all of the three experiments, the turbidity of treated water ranged between 0,37 - 0,38 NTU.
Geochemical Features of Unburned Coal Particles in Fly Ashes from Thermal Power Plants in Bulgaria
Authors: Kostova Irena , Apostolova Denitsa , Stefanova Maya
Published: December 2020

Coal combustion in thermal power plants generates huge amounts of solid wastes, including fly ash (FA). The essays of its conversion into value-added products continuously increase. The aim of the study was: (i) to depict organic compounds (if any) present in industrial coal-derived FAs from four thermal power plants (TPPs) in Bulgaria; (ii) to assess the relationship of the compounds present with the feed coals using biomarker proxies; (iii) and, to appreciate biomarkers changes in distribution pattern caused by combustion. Average samples of FAs and samples from electrostatic precipitators of four TPPs feed by different rank coals were analyzed. The study was scheduled in comparison with parent feed coals. The yields of extractable organic matter (EOM) expressed in rel. % were low and comparable, ∼ 0.01%, but normalized to total organic carbon (TOC) depicted some differences. For lower rank coals FAs yields were higher, in the range 10-20 mg/g TOC, all dominated by polar components and an order of magnitude lower for higher rank coal FAs, < 2 mg/g TOC, with considerable portions of neutral compounds. After extensive fractionation of EOM from unburned coal particles in neutral fractions of FAs short chain n-alkanes (nC15-nC19) prevalence was distinguished. The feature was assigned to high temperature of combustion and thermal destruction of long-chain homologues (nC27-nC31). The distribution signatures for low rank coals kept some characteristics of parent coals while in the case of bituminous coal longer homologues were almost absent. The changes in n-alkanes distributions were rank depended and an attempt for explanation by FA particles porosity was done. For organic compounds registered in EOM of coal-derived FAs two provenances are supposed. The first group comes from the feed coals and the second one is formed in combustion processes or has changed distributions under the thermal treatment. Insofar as n-alkanes distribution signature was altered in combustion the origin should rather be assigned to the second group of components.
Different Approaches for Study Slope Stability in Quarries, Case Chouf Amar Limestone Quarry- M’sila, Algeria
Authors: Saadoun Abderrazak , Yilmaz Isik , Hafsaoui Abdallah , Hadji Riheb , Fredj Mohamed , Boukarm Riadh , Nakache Radouane
Published: December 2020

The Lafarge -M’sila group’s cement plant (Algeria) is supplied by the Chouf Amar limestone quarry, which allows great quarrying at the national level with annual productions of 4.2 mt / year, since several sliding in previous years have disrupted the exploitation and production of the quarry, and in the strategy of the Lafarge group increased its production up to 5mt / year in the medium term 2020-2030; a stability study is necessary to ensure production under the right conditions, the aim of our work is to study Chouf Amar stability and identify the important causes of the landslides that have influenced the site in question. We start with an empirical approach through a geomechanical characterization of the massif was put in place to highlight the instability at the level of the various rock formations. then, a stability analysis was carried out using two different approaches: the analytical approach using the limit equilibrium method (Slide 6) and the numerical approach using two methods: the finite element method (Phase 2 ) and the finite difference method (Flac) in the static and dynamic case considering the state of dry and wet marls. The results show an optimal state of stability on the scale of the full profile north flank of the quarry and bad stability on the scale of the bench’s of the different levels and the main facies of the potential slide is that of the marls.
Impact of Biochar on Soil Electrical Conductivity During 2 Year Field Experiment
Authors: Gliniak Maciej , Sikora Jakub , Sadowska Urszula , Klimek-Kopyra Agnieszka , Latawiec Agnieszka , Kuboń Maciej
Published: December 2020

The article presents the possibilities of using time-domain reflectometry (TDR) to determine the electrical conductivity of mineral soil with biochar addition. The field measurements were provided on test plots in 2 years experiment. The TDR method consists in measuring the time of electromagnetic pulse transmission and reflection from the obstacle back to the source point. The impulse is a step signal of voltage. The reflected signal contains information on the dielectric properties of the material being tested. Therefore, qualitative, and quantitative properties of the material can be detected. The tests were carried out using a mobile reflectometric device as an electronic humidity and conductive meter. Based on the obtained results, the usefulness of reflectometric methods in the study of the water content and electrical conductivity of mineral soil was determined.
Impact of Biochar on Soil Water Permeability Coefficient During 2 Year Field Experiment
Authors: Gliniak Maciej , Sikora Jakub , Sadowska Urszula , Klimek-Kopyra Agnieszka , Latawiec Agnieszka , Kuboń Maciej
Published: December 2020

Water is the most important substance which occurs in soils. As a soil solution it is a basis of life for plants, as well as a carrier of mineral salts collected by plants through roots. Ability to collect water by plants depends on the power of its binding with soil and thus on the quality of soil and amount of water. The objective of the article is to determine the water permeability coefficient in the superficial layer of soil in relation to the applied biochar dose. The research was provided in 2018 and 2019 year at agricultural field located in Krakow, Poland. The soil used for test was typical brown clay soil. The lowest value of water permeability was observed for soil where above 60 Mg·ha−1 of biochar was applied. Water permeability is strictly connected with general porosity and is often assumed as such in many papers. It was reported that the water permeability for control soil where no addition of biochar was used indicates up to two times lower permeability in comparison to the soil where biochar was added which indicates that biochar influences the amount of water available for plants which the investigated soils were able to store.
Comprehensive analysis of the change of pop solar power station output parameters in relation to ambient temperature
Authors: Turaev A , Muratov Kh , Tursunov O
Published: December 2020

This article examines a 128kW solar photovoltaic plant (SPP) connected to a 0.4kV distribution network in Pop district, Namangan region. The research revealed the effect of ambient temperature on the quality indicators of electricity generated by SPP. Ambient temperature affects not only the SPP production capacity, but also the inverter performance, which is the most basic device for SPP. The results were obtained on July 21-22, 2019 year when the air temperature was 350-450 C.
Liner motor drive of cattle farm feeders
Authors: Muhammadiev A , Yunusov R , Bayzakov T , Sattarov N , Yusupov Sh , Xaliqnazarov U , Sattarov M
Published: December 2020

This article discusses feed distribution control using a linear electric drive for small cattle farms. Electrification feeders are difficult complex units which in addition to the dispenser, they are equipped with working bodies that perform various technological functions. Given the above, we can conclude that this type of farm use a lot electro energy to low this effect we need use automation systems to electro mechanic units. In this article given results of experimental work in using of liner motor drives in cattle farms and mathematic explanation of electro safety according to proposed technology.
Substantiation of the optimal parameters by processing with electric contact methods to decrease the moisture content of technical seeds
Authors: Ibragimov M , Eshpulatov N , Matchanov O
Published: December 2020

To reduce moisture content of technical seeds in compliance with standard requirements, electric contact heating method is applied. The technical seed moisture content reduction process has been studied experimentally through electric contact processing. The mathematic model of the process has been defined. The optimal parameters of the process have been identified based on the mathematic model. To identify the optimal parameters of the technical seed moisture content reduction process the computer program, calculation algorithm has been developed by using computer program PascalABC.
Fault control of microgrid system: A case study of Karabuk University - Turkey
Authors: Yusupov Z , Almagrahi N , Tursunov O , Kodirov D , Almgarbj H A , Toshpulatov N
Published: December 2020

In this paper Karabuk University microgrid system is introduced and fault control of microgrid is analyzed. The microgrid system of Karabuk University campus consists of diesel generator, solar PV panels, energy storage unit, critical and non-critical loads. Simulation of microgrid in both grid-connected and isolated operation modes are conducted on MATLAB/Simulink. The fault control has been implemented in the microgrid system to effectively manage of power in the system. The system is effectively disconnecting the microgrid from main grid within a microsecond after fault conditions. The distributed energy sources have been supplying the energy to load based load profile settings. From the simulation results, the developed control mechanisms provide stable operation in the microgrid system.
Analysis of the influence of temperature on the operating mode of a photovoltaic solar station
Authors: Kurbonov Yu M , Saitov E B , Botirov B M
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the influence of overheating on the performance of photovoltaicmodules was evaluated. The experimental observation was carried out on the basis of a 20 kW photovoltaic station with 60 photovoltaic modules. It was found that an increase in the number of solar cells with overheating in the photovoltaic module leads to an increase in output power losses. The temperature of the Feb is one of the main factors that determine the electrical parameters of the Feb and its efficiency in General. An increase in the SE temperature leads to a decrease in the band gap, which gives a slight increase in the photocurrent due to the expansion of the photo-response spectrum into the long-wave region. However, this increase in photocurrent does not compensate for the decrease in Uoc and the filling factor of the load characteristic FF due to an exponential increase in the saturation current with increasing temperature, which leads to a significant decrease in efficiency with increasing temperature.The width of the band gap of semiconductors decreases with increasing temperature, and the absorption edge shifts to the region of lower energies.Continuous analysis of the presence of "hot spots" and replacement of defective modules during the initial period of operation can increase the output power and shelf life of the photovoltaic system.
Assessment of wind and hydropower potential of Bukhara region
Authors: Sadullaev N N , Safarov A B , Mamedov R A , Kodirov D
Published: December 2020

This article presents a methodology for assessing the gross, technical and economic potential in the territory of the Bukhara region. Locations with high wind and hydropower potential were identified in the region, and the introduction of wind and micro-hydroelectric power plants was analyzed. According to the results of the study, the importance of wind and hydropower in the development of the socio-economic sphere of remote areas of the Bukhara region was studied.
Review on Strengthening Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Reinforced Concrete Jackets
Authors: Zaiter A , Lau T L
Published: December 2020

This paper highlights the review of the effects of concrete surface treatment and loading on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns retrofitted with RC jackets. The concrete surface treatment aspect is assessed based on the surface roughness, use of dowel bars, use of shear connectors, and applying bonding agent between the column core and the jacket. However, the loading aspect is evaluated based on preloading history and the applied loading pattern. The latest researches and recommendations for concrete jacketing are presented. It is found that sand-blasting with the use of dowel bars or shear connectors helps the retrofitted column to behave monolithically. Preloading does not have a significant effect on the retrofitted column. However, it is recommended to apply the load on the full retrofitted cross-section.
Vibration creep of loess soils
Authors: Rasulov H Z , Rasulov R H , Tashxodjayev A U , Babajanov M B
Published: December 2020

Taking into account the rheological properties (creep) of clay soils when solving problems of soil mechanics is important, because many inaccuracies in forecasts related to soils arise from an under-accounting of these properties, which are characteristic of clay soils. The report deals with the issues of vibration creep of moisten loess soils, related to the precipitation of structures and the permissible load on the soil. The method of experimental research and the results of experiments on the dependence of the coefficient of soil vibration creep on the acceleration of vibrations are presented. The factors influencing the vibration creeping deformations of the forest, including the role of soil adhesion and the duration of shaking, are established. Research results are of great importance in the practice of constructing unique engineering structures in seismic areas.
Estimation of the subsurface structure in Georgetown, Penang Island using single point microtremor observation technique
Authors: Lee J Y , Lau T L
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the subsurface structure was estimated using single point microtremor observation technique in Penang Island, Malaysia. Malaysia is located out of Pacific Ring of Fire hence no active tectonic activity happens. However, numerous earthquakes that happened at neighbouring countries act contrary to the myth that Malaysia is seismic free. Tremors from far field earthquake events in Sumatra can be felt at Penang Island. The local site condition is investigated in this study in order to predict the damages on buildings when the earthquake strikes. The study area focused on Georgetown as it is the heart of Penang Island where the economy and population concentrated on. The objective of this study is to determine V

s,30
substructure of Georgetown area. Microtremor single point measurements were conducted to estimate the V

s
profile at Georgetown area. For estimating the ground structure, Rayleigh wave ellipticity method was adopted to single point measurements. From the results, it is found that Georgetown area has V

s,30
of 216.4 m/s to 286.6 m/s and the predominant frequency ranging from 1.7 Hz to 2.43 Hz. Hence, the ground type of Georgetown area is classified as Class C in accordance to Eurocode 8.
Bimoment theory construction to assess the stress state of thick orthotropic plates
Authors: Mirsaidov M , Usarov M
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the development of a theory and method for calculating thick plates. A detailed analysis of well-known publications devoted to this problem is given. A theory and a method were developed to assess the stress-strain state of thick plates without simplifying hypotheses within the framework of three-dimensional theory of elasticity. When constructing a theory, all components of strains and stresses arising from the nonlinearity of the law of displacement distribution along the plate thickness were taken into account. The equations of motion of the plate were constructed with respect to forces, moments and bimoments. The solution method was based on exact expressions in trigonometric functions. The bending of isotropic and orthotropic plates was considered as a calculation example. The solution obtained showed the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed bimoment theory in assessing the stress-strain state of thick plates.
Laser Biotechnology for Nutritional Health, Sustainable Environment and Development
Authors: Dobrowolski J W , Tursunov O , Pirimov O , Nazarova O J
Published: December 2020

The key factor for sustainable development is the integration of sensitive methods for early detection of environmental risk factors for nutritional health with efficient primary prevention against contamination of the food chains as well as deficiency of biologically active trace elements in the human diet. Proper algorithms of laser photostimulation are recommended both for more efficient biological treatment of wastewater and also for a proper amount of essential elements in cultivated plants supplemented by other modern biotechnology for multiplication e.g. vegetables. Laser biotechnology is also recommended for better reclamation followed by enhancement of biomass and bioenergy production in different regions of the world as a contribution to sustainable development and the creation of many green jobs. This eco-innovation supplemented with the complementary biotechnologies e.g. reclamation of semiarid areas, modern apiculture integrated with the cultivation of medical plants, cultivation of algae, aquaculture, energy plantations, reforestation and protection of biodiversity could contribute to better adaptation to climate change and situation connected with COVID-19 pandemic and risk of worsening human health, malnutrition, and hunger.
Modeling the movement of onion seeds after the seeding machine
Authors: Turdaliev K V , Lee A , Qosimov A , Makhkamov G , Komilov S , Pulatov J
Published: December 2020

One of the most important issues of sowing small-seeded crops (in the example of onions) is considered. The method of sowing has a great influence on crop yields. The choice of planting method is due to the need for a more uniform distribution of plants over the field area in order to optimize the conditions for their development. Studying the movement of seeds during the sowing process is the most important task, as the seeds are object of sowing. The article provides an analysis of previous work on the precision sowing of small seed crops. And also, the flight and the trajectory of the seeds from the ejection window to the bottom of the groove were studied theoretically. In the research, methods of higher mathematics, classical mechanics, and impact theory were used in which it was possible to obtain the necessary equation. Based on the numerical solution of the obtained equation, graphs are constructed that determine the trajectory of falling onion seeds when ejected from the sowing apparatus and the graphical dependence of the recovery coefficient on the height of the sowing apparatus. Also, the installation height of the metering unit was installed.
Innovative technology to increase the yield of cotton, wheat and other agricultural crops to ensure the acceleration of their maturation, resistance to diseases and to ensure environmental cleanliness of the crop
Authors: Kudratillaev A S
Published: December 2020

The article briefly describes the innovative technology developed and implemented in the fields of many farms in the Tashkent, Kashkadarya regions, in the Ferghana valley and in the North-Eastern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Ust-Kamenogorsk) for processing seeds of cotton, wheat and other agricultural crops in high-voltage electric fields. The novelty of this technology, in contrast to the known methods of pre-sowing seed treatment in an electric field, is that the seeds of these crops are subjected in series and in parallel to the effects of high-intensity electric fields of alternating, direct and pulsed currents of different intensity, duration of exposure and sequence of action. In addition, a number of technological solutions have been implemented in the seed processing line to improve the quality of their processing. The results of this technology can significantly increase crop yield (for example, for cotton at least 25 %, for wheat at least 40 %); improve crop quality; accelerate its maturation for 12-20 days, depending on the type, variety of plants and climatic conditions of the area; reduce the amount of seed material (seeds) by 2-2.5 times; get an environmentally friendly crop and eliminate the use of pesticides, plant diseases and crop.
Evaluation of the spatial and temporal changes in groundwater level and mineralization in agricultural lands under climate change in the Syrdarya province, Uzbekistan
Authors: Kulmatov R A , Adilov S A , Khasanov S
Published: December 2020

Salinization processes are taking place as a result of rising groundwater level and its mineralization rate due to inefficient and unsustainable use of water and land resources in Uzbekistan. This leads to a reduction of arable land productivity and a decrease in nationwide yield production. Especially, salinization is the case in the plain irrigated areas of Uzbekistan where the groundwater is closer to the surface. Salinization processes occur as a result of an increase in the level of groundwater and the degree of their mineralization due to inefficient and irrational use of water and land resources in Uzbekistan. This leads to a decrease in the productivity of irrigated land and a decrease in yields throughout the country. Principally, salinization takes place in irrigated plain areas like the Syrdarya province, where mineralized groundwater is closer to the surface. Considering the geo-location of Uzbekistan as an aridic zone, there is a massive stress on groundwater because of surface water shortage. Since the estimation of the salinization consequences on groundwater is critical, this research, therefore, was aimed to understand and evaluate the long-term changing behavior of groundwater level and its mineralization in the irrigated areas of the Syrdarya province of Uzbekistan from 2000 to 2015 by using traditional methods, and GIS-based methods for from 2016 to 2019.

The level and mineralization of groundwater in each administrative district of the province were for the first time studied and assessed. Consequently, the dependence of the groundwater level and its mineralization on soil conditions and climatic factors were determined. Based on the results of the study, agricultural specialists and farmers of the province were highly advocated to take the following measures considering the actual condition of groundwater mineralization in the irrigated areas of the Syrdarya province: (1) targeted and economical use of irrigation water; (2) ensuring that existing drainage networks are in an adequate working condition and can operate with full-efficiency; and (3) to conduct annual monitoring of groundwater table and its mineralization of irrigated lands using traditional and GIS technologies.
Water resources management in rice irrigation systems and improvement of ecological situation in rice growing river basins
Authors: Rau A , Begmatov I , Kadasheva Zh , Rau G
Published: December 2020

Water resources management in the rice irrigation systems in Kazakhstan as well as water conservation and its efficient use are associated with technological processes control factors such as irrigation efficiency, layout of rice bays and their terracing. Managing technological processes in rice systems is complex, since there are significant deviations in the technological parameters of rice systems from the optimal. Therefore, in order to properly manage these processes, it is necessary to know the impact, its direction, assess the results of these impacts and develop an appropriate scientific and information base. The paper considers the impact of rice bays layout quality and terrace on the water-salt regime of soils, rice productivity and irrigation rate. Also, it proposes improvements to parameters of rice systems, water conservation, environmental situation in areas of rice cultivation and water resources management in rice systems.
Primary seed production of fodder crops
Authors: Allashov B D , Zulfikarov M X , Sattarov M N
Published: December 2020

In recent years, for a number of reasons, there has been a decrease in attention to seed production of many forage crops for seed reproduction. Many varieties have lost their yield, resistance to diseases and various unfavorable climatic conditions, for which it is necessary to carry out regular work on the primary seed production of varieties. In our studies, work was carried out on primary seed production on the varieties of fodder beet “Uzbekistan-83”, corn “Uzbekistan-2018”, oats “Uzbek broadleaf” and triticale varieties “Silver Prague”. This article presents the results of primary seed production on forage crops of the above varieties.
The concept of the phytogenic field: theory, research experience and practical significance
Authors: Shamsutdinov Z , Ubaydullaev Sh , Shamsutdinov N , Mirzaev B , Mamatov F , Chorshabiyev N
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to analyze the theoretical foundations of the concept of the phytogenic field, to show the fruitfulness and practical feasibility of studying the phytogenic field of plants, especially edificatory species, using the example of studies carried out in various ecological and phytocenotic conditions and to determine the effect of uneven-aged black saxaul plants on wormwood-ephemeral vegetation by studying phytogenic field of this edificator species. The phytogenic field of black saxaul was studied by the phytometer method in the Karnabchul desert. It was found that the phytogenic effect of the edificator on the wormwood-ephemeral vegetation is observed at a distance of 90-150 cm outside the crown, depending on the age state of black saxaul. The average crown radius of black saxaul in the studied phytocenosis is 115 cm, and the average radius of its phytogenic field is 235 cm.To create a continuous integral phytogenic field in the entire phytocenosis, 434 black saxaul individuals per 1 ha are required evenly.
Econometric methods for solving problems of analysis and forecasting dynamics of yield of agricultural crops
Authors: Rakhmanov Sh , Turgunov T T , Kusharov Z K , Mengnorov A A
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the use of limited resources in agricultural production, forecasting profitability and productivity, improving the integration of agricultural enterprises, analyzing the results of factors-dependent, using economic-mathematical and econometric (additive, multiplicative and multiple (proportional)) models, econometric studies based on the application of econometric methods for planning and forecasting agro-economic development of agriculture, and also search for new scientific approaches to agroeconomic forecasting.

The range of key objectives of agro-economic forecasting is defined, that is, determining the level of satisfaction of demand for agricultural products in the near future, as well as creating an effective production management system and ensuring sustainable economic development, and its relationship with industry and other sectors in the region. The optimal solutions are achieved due to higher economic identification of factors and sources of economic growth, systematic analysis of conditions in the implementation of an integrated approach in economic processes.
HVIDB: a comprehensive database for human–virus protein–protein interactions
Authors: Yang Xiaodi , Lian Xianyi , Fu Chen , Wuchty Stefan , Yang Shiping , Zhang Ziding
Published: December 2020

While leading to millions of people’s deaths every year the treatment of viral infectious diseases remains a huge public health challenge.Therefore, an in-depth understanding of human–virus protein–protein interactions (PPIs) as the molecular interface between a virus and its host cell is of paramount importance to obtain new insights into the pathogenesis of viral infections and development of antiviral therapeutic treatments. However, current human–virus PPI database resources are incomplete, lack annotation and usually do not provide the opportunity to computationally predict human–virus PPIs. Here, we present the Human–Virus Interaction DataBase (HVIDB, http://zzdlab.com/hvidb/) that provides comprehensively annotated human–virus PPI data as well as seamlessly integrates online PPI prediction tools. Currently, HVIDB highlights 48 643 experimentally verified human–virus PPIs covering 35 virus families, 6633 virally targeted host complexes, 3572 host dependency/restriction factors as well as 911 experimentally verified/predicted 3D complex structures of human–virus PPIs. Furthermore, our database resource provides tissue-specific expression profiles of 6790 human genes that are targeted by viruses and 129 Gene Expression Omnibus series of differentially expressed genes post-viral infections. Based on these multifaceted and annotated data, our database allows the users to easily obtain reliable information about PPIs of various human viruses and conduct an in-depth analysis of their inherent biological significance. In particular, HVIDB also integrates well-performing machine learning models to predict interactions between the human host and viral proteins that are based on (i) sequence embedding techniques, (ii) interolog mapping and (iii) domain–domain interaction inference. We anticipate that HVIDB will serve as a one-stop knowledge base to further guide hypothesis-driven experimental efforts to investigate human–virus relationships.
Bioinformatics and system biology approach to identify the influences of COVID-19 on cardiovascular and hypertensive comorbidities
Authors: Nashiry Asif , Sarmin Sumi Shauli , Islam Salequl , Quinn Julian M W , Moni Mohammad Ali
Published: December 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected individuals that have hypertension or cardiovascular comorbidities have an elevated risk of serious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and high rates of mortality but how COVID-$19$ and cardiovascular diseases interact are unclear. We therefore sought to identify novel mechanisms of interaction by identifying genes with altered expression in SARS-CoV-$2$ infection that are relevant to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Some recent research shows the SARS-CoV-$2$ uses the angiotensin converting enzyme-$2$ (ACE-$2$) as a receptor to infect human susceptible cells. The ACE2 gene is expressed in many human tissues, including intestine, testis, kidneys, heart and lungs. ACE2 usually converts Angiotensin I in the renin–angiotensin-aldosterone system to Angiotensin II, which affects blood pressure levels. ACE inhibitors prescribed for cardiovascular disease and hypertension may increase the levels of ACE-$2$, although there are claims that such medications actually reduce lung injury caused by COVID-$19$. We employed bioinformatics and systematic approaches to identify such genetic links, using messenger RNA data peripheral blood cells from COVID-$19$ patients and compared them with blood samples from patients with either chronic heart failure disease or hypertensive diseases. We have also considered the immune response genes with elevated expression in COVID-$19$ to those active in cardiovascular diseases and hypertension. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to COVID-$19$ and chronic heart failure, and common to COVID-$19$ and hypertension, were identified; the involvement of these common genes in the signalling pathways and ontologies studied. COVID-$19$ does not share a large number of differentially expressed genes with the conditions under consideration. However, those that were identified included genes playing roles in T cell functions, toll-like receptor pathways, cytokines, chemokines, cell stress, type 2 diabetes and gastric cancer. We also identified protein–protein interactions, gene regulatory networks and suggested drug and chemical compound interactions using the differentially expressed genes. The result of this study may help in identifying significant targets of treatment that can combat the ongoing pandemic due to SARS-CoV-$2$ infection.
Understanding Transportation difficulty Among older adults in Ghana from the Perspective of World Health Organisation’s Healthy Ageing framework: Lessons for Improving Social Work Practice with Older Adults
Authors: Awuviry-Newton Kofi , Ofori-Dua Kwadwo , Newton Abraham
Published: December 2020

Social work profession can be useful in addressing the transportation needs of older adults. However, there is a paucity of knowledge concerning this need in Ghana. The purpose of the study was to investigate the factors relating to transportation difficulty among older adults in Ghana, employing the World Health Organisation (WHO) Healthy Ageing framework. The implications of the findings on social work practice with older adults in Ghana are herein discussed. Data for 5,107 adults aged fifty years or more came from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health Ghana Wave 1. Transportation difficulty was assessed using the self-reported question. In the last thirty days, how much difficulty did you have with getting to where you want to go using private or public transport if needed?” Logistic regression tested associations between transportation difficulty and other independent variables. About 31 per cent of the participants, mostly women (54.7 per cent), experienced transportation difficulty. Associated factors included (not exhaustive) advanced age, lower household income, chronic diseases and lack of trust for others. A high prevalence of transportation difficulty exists among older adults in Ghana and is holistically related. Social work’s intervention to address the transportation needs of older adults in Ghana should be holistic; incorporating the significant factors identified affecting older adults’ well-being.
Shared Non-responsibility in International Law? Defences and the Responsibility of Co-perpetrators and Accessories in the Guiding Principles
Authors: Paddeu Federica I
Published: December 2020

This comment assesses the approach to the reach of defences beyond the international legal person(s) who is (or are) the author(s) of the internationally wrongful act articulated in Guiding Principle 5 of the Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility in International Law. It will focus on three main points: (1) whether the choice in respect of the reach of defences in Principle 5 is justifiable for the international legal order; (2) the reach of defences in cases of coercion, where the coerced party may benefit from a defence due to the coercion (in the form of a force majeure defence); and (3) the ‘blindspot’ in the Guiding Principles in relation to defences of accessories, in particular where the conditions for accessorial liability are defined broadly as in the case of Principle 6 on aid and assistance.