bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LAPAROSCOPY IN THE TREATMENT OF COLONIC DIVERTICULAR BLEEDING
Authors: Tymchuk O. B. , Kashtalyan M. A. , Shapovalov V. Yu.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Objective. To analyze the experience of treatment of patients with diverticular disease of the colon, complicated by bleeding.

Materials and methods. Analyzed the treatment of 221 patients, hospitalized in the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Southern region of Odessa, who underwent 263 surgeries for diverticular disease of the colon and its complications. Intestinal bleeding as a cause of hospitalization was noted in 17 (7.6 %) patients.

Results and discussion. In 9 patients, bleeding was stopped by conservative methods. 8 patients underwent surgical treatment. The following surgical interventions were performed: laparoscopic left hemicolectomy (4), laparoscopic resection of the sigmoid colon (1), left hemicolectomy (3), righthemicolectomy (1). At laparoscopic left hemicolectomy the average duration of operation made (205 ± 12,5) min. The average duration of the postoperative period was (9.75 ± 1.2) days. The average duration of the postoperative period was (9.75 ± 1.2) days. With left-sided traditional hemicolec-tomy — the average duration of the operation — (215 ± 16.3) min, the average duration of the postoperative period — (14.5 ± 2.1) days.

Conclusions. Our experience showed the relative duration of surgery in both laparoscopic and «traditional» open, the duration of the postoperative period with laparoscopic intervention is lower, the intensity of pain and recovery time of bowel function in the group of patients who also performed laparoscopic surgery. compared to traditional access operations.
QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE VARICO-THROMBOPHLEBITISIN THE GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN BASIN
Authors: Filip S. S. , Hadzheha I. I.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Objective. Toquantify the symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency after surgical treatment of AVTF in the basin of the great saphenous vein.

Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 355 patients with AVTF in the basin of the great saphenous vein were quantified. Of these, 234 (65.9 %) patients underwent surgical treatment of AVTF. Depending on the location and method of treatment, patients were divided into seven groups.

Results. The overall clinical score before surgery ranged from (11.71±1.87) to (19.78±5.74) points, and 12 months after surgery it was highest in patients of group VII and amounted to (9.75 ± 2.89)points. Restriction of physical activity before surgery in patients with AVTF ranged from (1.13±0.21) to (2.82±0.38) points, and after 12 months — from (0.43±0.19) to (1.05±0.22) points . Assessing the severity of the disease on three components, the following results were obtained: in patients before surgery, the clinical score ranged from (10.21±2.55) to (20.51±6.43,6) months after it — from (5.27±0.78) to (13.44 ± 3.21), and after 12 months — from (2.59±0.76) to (8.24±2.17) points.

Conclusions. The obtained quantitative results of the assessment of symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency convincingly demonstrate the high efficiency and expediency of surgical treatment of AVTF in large subcutaneous vein pools in comparison with isolated conservative treatment, which allows to obtain good early and long-term results in most patients.
DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF PURULENT ARTHRITIS OF THE STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT
Authors: Tielushko Y. V. , Pertsov V. I. , Savchenko S. I.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Inflammatory lesion of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) is a rare disease that requires surgical treatment. Traditional radiography reveals osteolysis and osteosclerosis, however, at the onset of the disease, such changes are absent. Difficulties in diagnosing this disease require further study of the problem and the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches.

Aim of the work: to study the role of sonography in the diagnosis of purulent arthritis of SCJ and the choice of treatment tactics.

Materials and methods. Prospective single-center study of 28 cases of acute nonspecific arthritis of SCJ. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the first included patients who received drug therapy, the second included patients subject to surgical treatment.

Results and discussion. Ultrasound scanning of SCJ identified 3 sonographic variants of the lesion: exudative, destructive with synovial hyperperfusion, and destructive with synovial hypoperfusion.

The duration of hospital stay in both groups did not differ statistically: 12 (12; 13.5) vs 14 (12; 14) days, p = 0.194.

Analysis of long-term results in patients of the first group established the progression of the disease with the development of osteomyelitis or recurrence of arthritis in 3 cases (30 %). Among the patients of the second group, no complications or recurrence were detected during the indicated observation period.

Conclusion. Sonography is diagnostically significant in the diagnosis of SCJ arthritis. It allows you to determine the group of patients subject to mandatory surgical correction. Intravenous drug addiction associated with bacteremia is a predictor of poor drug treatment outcomes and an indication for active surgical tactics.
COVID-19-ASSOCIATED ACUTE LOWER LIMBS ISCHAEMIA IN ELDERLY AND SENILE PATIENTS: TREATMENT PROSPECTS (PRELIMINARY ANNOUNCEMENT)
Authors: Kanikovsky О. E. , Sander S. V. , Bondarchuk О. I. , Fedzhaha О. P. , Malyarchuk V. P. , Mosendz V. V.
Published: October 2021

Summery. The aim — analysis of preliminary experience of treatment of COVID-19-associated acute lower limbs ischemia in elderly and senile patients.

Materials and methods. We examined 48 patients (age 60- 84 years). First group — 16 patients with COVID-19-associated acute lower limbs ischemia, second group — 32 patients with chronic limb ischemia without coronavirus infection. .

Results and discussion. First group’s patients had extended blood clotting time (more than 13-15 min). Other blood clotting indicators changed slightly. An isoline or a low-amplitude curve was recorded during photoplethysmography. After thrombectomy (6 patients) 3 patients had fatal thrombotic complications (PE, myocardial infarction, stroke), 1 had progressive ischemia. Pharmacotherapy was performed in 10 patients (in 2 patients later than 12 hours from the onset of ischemia). The effectiveness of timely started pharmacotherapy reached 67 %. All patients of group II had arteriosclerosis of the tibial arteries. Blood clotting indicators were normal. A high-amplitude curve was recorded during photoplethysmography. Thus, all elderly and senile patients has arteriosclerosis of the tibial arteries. On this basis, there was a fatal coincidence (coagulopathy, a sharp slowdown in blood flow, endothelial dysfunction) in case of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Prospects for further developments are the improvement of anticoagulant therapy (for example, the simultaneous use of unfractionated and low molecular weight heparin) and improving of collateral circulation (for example, nerve block and forced intraarterial infusion or lavage).

Conclusion. Currently, the effectiveness of thrombectomy in elderly and senile patients with COVID-19-associated acute lower limbs ischemiа is 33 %, the effectiveness of timely started pharmacotherapy Is 67 %.
MODERN VIEWS ON THE TREATMENT OF PERFORATED PYLORODUODENAL ULCERS
Authors: Smetskov D. O. , Нoncharova N. M. , Teslenko S. M. , Svirepo P. V. , Sivozhelizov A. V. , Sikal M. O. , Нoncharov A. S.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Purpose: to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with perforated pyloroduodenal ulcer.

Materials and methods. The results of treatment of 101 patients operated on for perforated pyloroduodenal ulcer, which were treated in the surgical department for the period from 2015 to 2020, were analyzed.

Results and discussion. Laparoscopic interventions were performed in 56 (55.4 %) patients with perforated ulcer. Excision of perforated ulcer by traditional laparotomy without vagotomy was used in 26 (25.7 %) patients. Suturing of perforated ulcer by traditional method without vagotomy was performed in 19 (18.8 %) patients. Complications of the early postoperative period in 8 (7.9 %) patients were surgical in nature. In 27 (26.7 %) patients postoperative complications were specific associated with the performance of dilated pyloroduodenoplasty. The largest number of postoperative complications was observed in patients who underwent suturing of the ulcer using traditional laparotomy access – 17 (16.8 %), of which general surgery – 6 (5.9 %), specific – 11 (10.9 %).

Conclusions. Laparoscopic suturing of perforated ulcers is accompanied by less pronounced pain, a decrease in the number of postoperative complications, which requires greater use of endovideo-surgical technologies in this complication of peptic ulcer disease.
DIAGNOSIS OF TOXEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Rusin A. V. , Malyar-Hazda N. M. , Balazh O. P.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The aim of the study. Assessment of the degree of toxemia in patients with liver cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy.

Materials and methods. The study involved 95 patients with LC who were hospitalized from 2018 to 2020 in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Surgical and Gastroenterological Departments of the Transcarpathian Regional Clinical Hospital. Andriy Novak (Uzhhorod). Using the method of complex toxicometry, studies of the mechanisms of formation and development of toxicosis were performed. To study the participation of toxins in the formation of autoimmune reactions, the content of lymphocytes that form rosettes with autologous erythrocytes was determined. The method of cytolytic activity of leukocytes was used to study the damaging effect of toxins on biological targets.

Results. According to the obtained data, in all studied patients with LC there was a significant increase in cytolytic and autoimmune activity of whole plasma. It was found that the highest levels of cytolytic activity were observed in patients with LC II and III groups (57.90 ± 2.27) and (56.50 ± 2.11) %, respectively; the smallest — in patients with LC III and I groups (49.8 ± 5.2) and (50.59 ± 2.12) %, respectively). In all patients with cirrhosis of the liver on protein toxin-bearing fractions (albumins, globulins) there was a predominant accumulation of toxins with a particle size of 10-200 nm.

Conclusions. In all patients with cirrhosis of the liver on protein toxin-bearing fractions (albumins, globulins) there was a predominant accumulation of toxins with a particle size of 10-200 nm. Toxins with particle sizes greater than 200 nm were found in patients with group III PE, which had a strong connection with protein toxin-bearing fractions. The highest levels of cytolytic activity were observed in patients with LC of groups II and III (57.90 ± 2.27) and (56.50 ± 2.11) %, respectively; the smallest — in patients with LC III and I groups (49.8 ± 5.2) and (50.59 ± 2.12) %, respectively. The highest level of autoimmune activity was found in patients of group II (52.41 ± 3.56) %; the lowest — in patients with cerebral palsy from group I (50.36 ± 3.2).
THE ROLE OF LAPAROSCOPIC CONTACT THERMOMETRY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EDEMATOUS ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Authors: Kapshitar A. V. , Kapshitar A. A.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Objective: to identify the temperature of the abdominal organs and markers of the edematous form of acute pancreatitis using laparoscopic contact thermometry.

Material and methods. In 27 patients aged 28–76 years with suspected acute abdominal surgical diseases, laparoscopy was performed using a Karl Storz (Germany) apparatus using the improved Kelling technique and an edematous form of acute pancreatitis was suspected. To expand the diagnostic capabilities of the method, laparoscopic contact thermometry of the abdominal organs was performed using a TPEM-M electrothermometer and a designed probe with a sensor at the end.

Results. The highest temperature values were found in the area of the omentum (38.1 ± 0.2) °C), the mesentery root of the transverse colon (37.8 ± 0.16) °C and the lesser omentum (37.7 ± 0.13) °C. These anatomical regions are closest to the pancreas, where the pathological process develops. The highest temperature was found in the area of the stuffing box (38.1 ± 0.2) °C, and the lowest temperature was found in the appendix (36.4 ± 0.13) °C, which amounted to a temperature difference of 1.7 °C. The subsequent clinical course and the results of additional research methods confirmed the diagnosis of the edematous form of acute pancreatitis.

Findings. The highest temperature values obtained during laparoscopic contact thermometry of the abdominal organs in the area of the omental foramen, the mesentery root of the transverse colon and the lesser omentum are markers of the edematous form of acute pancreatitis.
APPLICATION OF GALVANOENTEROSORPTION IN MULTIMODAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH THERMAL BURNS
Authors: Khomko O. Y. , Petryuk B. V. , Khomko L. P. , Sydorchuk G. I. , Petryuk T. A. , Zazulia I. V.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Aim – to investigate the influence of enterosorption and its combination with intra-tissue electrophoresis (ITE) of antibacterial preparations on the proteolytic and fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma in patients with common thermal burns.

Material and methods. Enterosorbtion detoxification by enterosgel was used in the multimodal treatment of 28 patients with thermal burns of II-IV stages. The drug was prescribed from 2-3 days after burn for 7-14 days, depending on the severity of the injury and manifestations of the intoxication syndrome. In 24 patients the treatment was complemented by galvanization of burn wounds with the preliminary introduction of antibacterial drugs. ITE began with 3-4 days after burn, taking into account the sensitivity of the microflora to antibiotics. The comparison group was made up of 30 patients with similar areas and depths of thermal burns receiving traditional treatment.

Results and discussion. It was discovered that the inclusion of enterosorption in multimodal therapy of burns diminished the level of unlimited proteolysis, favoured the increase of the level of blood plasma fibrinolytic activity. Its combination with ITE of antibacterial agents (galvanoenterosorption) ensured a higher therapeutic effect. Common deep thermal burns are accompanied by a significant increase in proteolytic and fibrinolytic activity (FA) of blood. Inclusion of enterosorbtion in the integrated therapy of burns provides reduction of proteolytic activity and maintenance of a high level of FA of plasma, which reduces the risk of thromboembolic complications.

Conclusion. Combined use of enterosorption and ITE of antibacterial agents (galvanoentersorption) with thermal burns provides a higher therapeutic effect.
SURGICAL STRATEGY OF PATIENTS WITH STOMACH CANCER COMPLICATED WITH ACUTE GASTRIC BLEEDING
Authors: Boiko V. V. , Lazirskiy V. A. , Krivorotko I. V.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Objective. Improvement of results of treatment of patients with stomach cancer complicated with acute gastric bleeding.

Materials and methods. It was shown the analysis of results of surgical treatment of 252 patients with stomach cancer complicated with acute gastric bleeding, which got the hospital treatment at GI “V. T. Zaycev Institute of General and Urgent Surgery of NAMS of Ukraine“ from 2010 till 2019, aged 29 till 76. All patients randomly divided on 2 groups: the group of control — 129 patients (got the hospital treatment from 2010 till 2014), and the basic group — 123 patients (from 2015 till 2019).

Results. The common surgical tactics and operations were used at the group of control. The two-staged active-idividualized surgical tactic was used at the basic group. Radical surgery was performed in 120 (47.6%) cases; in 132 (52,4%) cases – palliative and symptomatic(the 121(48,0%) cases of it was major abdominal surgery). Postoperative complications occurred in 79 patients (31.1%) and postoperative mortality in 7.9% (20 patients) cases.

Conclusion. There is the rational of using the two-staged surgical tactic with wide using of minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of patients with stomach cancer complicated with acute gastric bleeding. Using of this tactic leads to increasing of quantity of radical operations from 38(29,2%) at the group of control till 82(72,8%) at the basic group and leads to decreasing post-operative deaths from 8,5 % till 7,2 % respectively.
POSSIBILITIES OF TREATMENT OF I NFECTED ULCERS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES IN CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY WITHOUT THE USE OF ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Duzhyi I. D. , Sukhodub L. F. , Bielai V. S. , Zhdanov S. M. , Loboda Y. M.
Published: October 2021

Summary. Introduction. Purulent diseases and purulent complications in modern medicine remain a complex and not always a positive problem, because in the development of such diseases is quite prominent microbial factor. Overcoming the latter is getting harder every year.

The urgency of the problem. The fact is that before our eyes, almost exponentially, the number of microorganisms resistant to existing antibiotics is increasing. Not to mention the toxic effects of many of them on certain organs due to their natural tropism, we note allergic effects, individual intolerance and dysbacterial effects, we note that the cost of some drugs for 1–2 days of use is equal to pension (monthly «income» of most retirees). Given this, you need to look for an opportunity to do without the use of antibiotics, which determines the urgency of the problem.

Goal. Explore the possibility of treating infected lower extremity ulcers without the use of antibiotics.

Materials and methods. The possibility of treating purulent ulcers of the lower extremities on the background of chronic venous insufficiency by using apatite polymeric drainage bandage based on hydroxyapatite supplemented with zinc oxide has been studied.

Results and discussion. Polyvalent microbial association was established in 100 % of patients, staphylococcal colonization prevailed in 75 % of them. On 3–4 days of treatment, a decrease in inflammation, regression of symptoms, reduction of microbial insemination, the appearance of signs of repair, improvement of foot function were recorded.

Conclusions. 1) The possibility of treating infected wounds by using apatite polymer drainage bandage has been confirmed; 2) On 3–4 days of application of the drainage bandage there is a regression of the inflammatory process in the area of the ulcer; 3) Microbial contamination of the wound surface for 4 days is reduced from 108 to 73.5 CFU/ml; 4) Subjective sensation and foot function improve by 3–4 days of treatment.
INDICATIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODIES OF LUNGS OF FLAMMABLE ORIGIN
Authors: Kupriyanchuk V. , Bunin Y. , Mikhailusov R. , Negoduyko V. , Khoroshun E. , Shipilov S. , Beresnyev S.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The purpose of the study is to establish the indications and contraindications for the removal of foreign bodies of lungs of gunshot origin. Materials and methods. In the surgical department of the surgical clinic of the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Northern Region, 207 wounded who received gunshot wounds penetrating the chest were examined. The wounded were divided into 2 groups depending on the operational tactics used. The main group of 97 wounded who were treated using modern video endoscopic technology and magnetic surgical instruments. The comparison group consisted of 110 wounded who received traditional treatment. Results and their discussion. Using video endoscopic technologies and magnetic surgical instruments during surgery, 42 (54.5%) in the main group were removed, in the comparison group — 23 (27.4%) foreign bodies. The amount of surgery should not exceed the amount of damage that minimizes surgical trauma. The article presents indications and contraindications to the removal of foreign bodies of pulmonary origin. The differential approach allows to determine the surgical tactics depending on the location of the foreign body, its size and the fit of foreign bodies to the vessels, bronchi, mediastinum. Adherence to the rules of removal of foreign bodies of the lung, depending on the location of its location and size leads to a decrease in inappropriate surgical interventions and postoperative complications. Conclusions. 1. The distribution of foreign bodies by location and size allows you to clearly determine the tactics of treatment and avoid postoperative complications. 2. Surgical interventions to remove foreign bodies should be performed in the first days after stabilization of the patient’s condition using minimally invasive technologies.
THROMBOSIS OF THE SHORT ARTERIES OF THE STOMACH AS A CAUSE OF NECROSIS OF THE STUMP OF THE STOMACH AFTER SUBTOTAL DISTAL RESECTION: A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Krasnoyaruzhsky A. G. , Sochneva A. L. , Kritsak V. V. , Kovtsur V.P.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. This article covers the problem of ischemic necrosis of the gastric stump after its distal resection, which is a rare but one of the most formidable complications of surgical treatment.
EVALUATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING CORYOLIS VITRATOMYER IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY DAMAGE IN VICTIMS WITH FIRE PENETRATION EARLY WOUNDS
Authors: Chernyavsky E. A. , Bunin Yu. V. , Negoduyko V. V. , Mikhailusov R. M. , Khoroshun E. M. , Shipilov S. A. , Zamiatin P. M.
Published: October 2021

Summary: The aim of the study was to determine the dependence of the volume of air discharge from the pleural cavity on the choice of surgical treatment in patients with penetrating chest injuries. Materials and methods. Of the 39 observations, video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) was performed in 24 patients due to existing hemothorax. Results and their discussion. Among patients with penetrating chest injuries and early complications in the form of isolated pneumothorax on the first day, VATS was performed in three cases, due to increased air discharge from the pleural cavity. On the second and third day, 3 and 1 patient needed PBX, respectively. The article presents the experience of using a Coriolis flowmeter to objectify the diagnosis of lung injuries in victims with gunshot wounds penetrating the chest. Depending on the speed and volume of air discharge from the pleural cavity, the dynamics can be determined by the tactics of treatment. Conclusions: 1. Observation in the dynamics of the rate (
PECULIARITIES OF THE LACRIMAL FLUID CYTOKIN PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH BACTERIAL KERATITITIS OF THE II DEGREE SEVERETY AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Zavoloka O. V. , Bezditko P. A. , Abramova L. P. , Vekshyn V. O.
Published: October 2021

Summary. The aim was to identify the features of the lacrimal fluid cytokine profile in patients with bacterial keratitis of the II degree of severity and type 1 DM in the dynamics of observation.

Materials and methods. The lacrimal fluid cytokine profile was analyzed in 6 patients with type 1 DM and bacterial keratitis of the II degree of severity and 6 nondiabetic patients with bacterial keratitis of the II degree of severity on the 1st day, 10-14th day and 24th day of observation. Data from 14 healthy individuals of the appropriate age were used for comparison. II degree of severity of bacterial keratitis was determined according to our proposed scheme at a sum of points 15-21. All patients were treated with instillations of ofloxacin, antiseptics, antioxidants, reparents, artificial tears, mydriatics, systemic anti-inflammatory therapy. The concentration of interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in the lacrimal fluid of the sick and the contralateral eye was determined by quantitative colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ELISA kits.

Results and discussion. In patients with bacterial keratitis of the II degree of severity, both with DM and nondiabetic, within 10-14 days of observation invented the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in the lacrimal fluid of the sick eye and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 - in lacrimal fluid of the contralateral eye (p<0.05). In DM patients, a longer expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was detected in the lacrimal fluid of the sick and the contralateral eye, which was observed on the 24th day of the study (p<0.05).

Conclusions. There are features of the lacrimal fluid cytokine profile in DM patients with bacterial keratitis of the II severity in the dynamics of observation, namely the longer expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 in the sick and the contralateral eye.
«НАРЫНҚОЛ ОРМАН ШАРУАШЫЛЫҒЫ» КММ АУМАҒЫНДАҒЫ ЯРМОЛЕНКО ҚАЙЫҢЫ МЕН ШРЕНК ШЫРШАСЫ АЛҚА АҒАШТАРЫНЫҢ САНИТАРЛЫҚ ЖАҒДАЙЛАРЫ
Authors: Ракымбеков Ж.К. , Мухамадиев Н.С.
Published: October 2021

Қазақстандағы орман шаруашылығының дамуына тек антропогендік факторлар (өрттер, заңсыз ағаш кесу және т.б.) ғана емес, сонымен қатар табиғи жағдайлардың өзгеруіне себеп болатын факторлар мысалы, аурулар эпифитотиі немесе орман массивтерін толықтай деградацияға ұшырата алатын қауіпті және карантинді орман зиянкестері ошақтарының пайда болуы мен жаппай көбейюі кедергі келтіреді. Осыған орай орманпатологиялық мониторинг бойынша зерттеулер жүргізу мен орманды зиянкестерден қорғау шараларының жоғары ғылыми-әдістемелік деңгейде орындалуы өте маңызды болып табылады. Әсіресе, Betula Jarmolenkoana Golosk. сияқты сирек және жойылып кету қаупі бар ағаш түрлерін зиянкестерден қорғауда орманның санитарлық жағдайын анықтаудың маңызы арта түседі. Зерттеу жұмысының негізінде алғаш рет Алматы облысы «Нарынқол орман шаруашылығы» коммуналдық мемлекеттік мекемесі аумағындағы Ярмоленко қайыңы (Қызыл қайың) алқаағаштары орманпатологиялық тұрғыда сипатталып, санитарлық бағалау нәтижесі беріліп отыр.Мақалада «Нарынқол орман шаруашылығы» коммуналдық мемлекеттік мекемесі аумағындағы Шренк шыршасы мен Ярмоленко қайыңы алқаағаштарының орманпатологиялық жағдайын зерттеу нәтижелері келтірілген. Зерттеуді жүргізу мақсатында мониторингтік алаңдар салынды және әр алаң бойынша ағаш жасын морфологиялық белгілерін, зиянкестердің қоныстануын ескере отырып ағаштың жағдайы толық сипатталған карточка толтырылады, сонымен қатар онда тұқымдас, ағаш диаметрі, биіктігі, жасы, санитарлық жағдайы, зиянкестер мен аурулардың негізгі түрлері көрсетіледі.
«ШАРЫН» МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК ҰЛТТЫҚ ТАБИҒИ ПАРКІНДЕГІ БҮРКІТТІҢ (AQUILA CHRYSAETOS) САНДЫҚ ДИНАМИКАСЫ
Authors: Шыныбеков М. , Каспакбаев Е.М. , Нысанбаева Г.Н. , Нургалиев А.Е. , Кыдыров Т.Н.
Published: October 2021

Шарын мемлекеттік ұлттық табиғи паркі аумағындағы жануарлар дүниесінің биологиялық алуантүрлілігі түр құрамының жоғарғы деңгейін көрсетеді. Әсіресе, сүтқо-ректілер мен құстарға өте бай. Шарын мемлекеттік ұлттық табиғи паркінің аумағы орнитофаунасының жазғы аспекті – 130 түрден тұрады, яғни Қазақстанда ұя салатын құстардың 30%-ын құрайды. Жалпы, жыл бойына парк аумағында 236 түрлі құстарды кездестіруге болады (Қазақстан орнитофаунасының 48,1%), оның ішінде Қызыл кітапқа енгені – 22 түр, яғни Қызыл кітапқа кірген құстар санының 39,2%-ын құрайды. Шарын мемлекеттік ұлттық табиғи паркі жалпы 34 түрлі сүтқоректі мекендейді, оның ішінде ҚР Қызыл кітабына енгені – 4, соның бірі – бүркіт (Aquila chrysaetos). Мақалада «Шарын» мемлекеттік ұлттық табиғи паркінде мекендейтін бүркіттерді есепке алу әдістері, далалық есепке алу жұмыстары, есептік ақпарат жазбасы, санын есептеу тәртібі сипатталған. 2011-2020 жылдар аралығындағы анықталған бүркіт туралы мәліметтер, бүркітті маршрутты есепке алу нәтижелері (19 наурыз 2020 жыл), бүркіттің 2020 жылдың көктемгі санағы туралы мәлімет мен бүркіттердің салыстырмалы сандық көрсеткіші келтірілді. «Шарын» мемлекеттік ұлттық табиғи паркіндегі бүркіттердің сандық динамикасы тұрақты екендігі анықталды. Ұялар мен аймақтық жұптар туралы бастапқы мәліметтер картаға түсіріліп, бүркіт кездесетін аймақтар анықталды. Табылған ұялардағы балапандарды ай сайын жағдайын тексеріліп, дәлел ретінде фотосуреттер келтірілді.Соңғы онжылдықта Қазақстанда ерекше қорғалатын аумақтар 2 есеге ұлғайғаны белгілі, бұл іс жүзінде көптеген жойылып бара жатқан жыртқыш құстарды құтқарудың және сақтаудың жолы болып отыр.
ТҮРКІСТАН ОБЛЫСЫНДА ЖЕМІС АҒАШТАРЫНДАҒЫ АҚ ҰНТАҚ АУРУЫНЫҢ ТАРАЛУЫ МЕН ДАМУЫ, ҚОЗДЫРҒЫШТЫҢ БИОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ ЖӘНЕ ХИМИЯЛЫҚ ҚОРҒАУ ШАРАСЫ
Authors: Бейсекина Б.М. , Копжасаров Б.К.
Published: October 2021

Мақалада Түркістан облысы жағдайында жеміс ағаштарының ақ ұнтақ ауруы қоздырғышының биологиялық ерекшеліктері, аурудың таралуы мен дамуы зерттелді. Ауруға қарсы фунгицидтер қолданылып, олардың биологиялық тиімділіктері туралы мəліметтер келтірілді. Түркістан облысының негізгі жеміс аймақтарының – Темірлан, Қазығұрт, Келес аудандарында орналасқан алма бақтарына маршрутты тексеру жүргізілді. Тексеру жұмыстары жемістің тауарлық пісіп-жетілу кезеңінде фитопатологиядағы және өсімдік қорғаудағы жалпылама қабылданған әдістер бойынша орындалды. Келес ауданы «Абай» шаруақожалығында 2 гектар алма бағын тексеру барысында, алма жапырақтарында ақ ұнтақ ауруының таралуы 60,8%, ал даму деңгейі 38,0% көрсетті. Алма жемістерінде таралуы 44,2 көрсетсе, даму денгейі 25,6% көрсетті. Қазығұрт ауданы «Ерімбетова» шаруақожалығында 3 гектар алма бағын тексеру нәтижесинде ақ ұнтақ ауруының жапырақтарындағы таралуы 63,4%, ал даму деңгейі 42,1% көрсетті. Жемістерінде ақ ұнтақ ауруының таралуы 58,8% көрсетсе, даму денгейі 26,2% құрады. Түркістан облысы Темірлан, Қазығұрт, Келес аудандары шаруақожалықтарында алманың вегетация кезінде ақ ұнтақ ауруына қарсы Топаз 100, к.э., шығу мөлшері гектарына 0,4 л (эталон), байлетон, 25% с.ұ. шығу мөлшері гек-тарына 0,2 кг фунгицидтерімен 3 қайтара; триафол, 25% с.к шығу мөлшері гектарына 0,15л фунгицидтерімен 2 қайтара бүрку жүргізілді: біріншісі - гүл түйіні қызғылттана бастағанда; екіншісі - гүлдеуден кейін; үшіншісі - екінші өңдеуден 10-15 күн өткен соң қолданылады. Алманың ақ ұнтақ ауруына қарсы ең тиімді фунгицид Триафол, 25% с.к 0,15 л/га болды. Биологиялық тиімділігі 97,8%, ал эталон, Топаз 100 к.э 65,3 % құрады. Демек, алманың ақ ұнтағымен күресуде Триафол, 25% с.к фунгициді, өте жоғары тиімділік көрсетті.
ҚАНТ ҚЫЗЫЛШАСЫНЫҢ ТҰҚЫМДЫҚ МАТЕРИАЛЫН САҚТАУ МЕРЗІМДЕРІН ҰЛҒАЙТУ ҮШІН БИОПРЕПАРАТ ҚҰРУ БОЙЫНША ҰСЫНЫСТАР ӘЗІРЛЕУ
Authors: Құланбай Қ.Ж. , Акмуллаева А.С. , Ринар А. , Әбілмажін М.С. , Сарсембаев К.С.
Published: October 2021

Қант қызылшасы плантацияларында қазіргі уақытта негізінен саңырауқұлақ ауру-ларының кең таралуы байқалады. Салмағы бұл аурулар кешені қызылша өсіруге айтарлықтай зиян келтіреді, өнімнің сапасы мен сақтау кезіндегі жеңілдігін нашарлатады, ал қант қызылшасы дақылдарының зиянды организмдерден орташа шығыны 24% құрайды, олардың 16%-ы зиянкестер мен аурулардың өсімдіктерге зиян келтіруінен болады. Өскіндерді зиянды организмдерден қорғау және қант қызылшасы тұқымдарының өнгіштігін арттыру мақсатында зертханалық жағдайларда жүргізілген тәжірибелер мен олардың талдауларының негізінде қант қызылшасының тұқымдық материалын сақтау мерзімдерін ұлғайту үшін биопрепарат құру жөнінде ұсыныстар әзірленді, атап айтқанда, Қазақстан жағдайында қалыптасқан фитосанитариялық жағдайды ескере отырып, үстем саңырауқұлақ ауруларына қарсы бағытталған қант қызылшасының тұқымдарын сауықтыру жөніндегі қорғаныш биопрепаратын әзірлеу мәселесі өткір қойылып отыр.Алматы облысының оңтүстік-шығыс аудандарында тұқымдық материал мен топы-рақтың жай-күйі географиялық, аумақтық, климаттық және басқа да әсер етуші факторларды ескере отырып зерделенді, сондай-ақ өнімге зиян келтіретін микроорганизмдер анықталды және қант қызылшасы тұқымдарының қанттылығы мен өсу көрсеткіштерін арттыру үшін неғұрлым қолайлы тиімді тәсілдер ұсынылды, ал алынған нәтижелерді жеткізе отырып, тұқымдық материал мен топырақтың жай-күйін зерттелді. Қант қызылшасының тұқымдық материалын сақтау ұзақтығын ұлғайту үшін және зиянды зиянкестер мен ауруларды азайту мақсатында биопрепараттарды қолдануды.
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ОТБОРА ПРОДУКТИВНЫХ ЛИНИЙ ФАКУЛЬТАТИВНОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ИЗ ГИБРИДНЫХ ПОПУЛЯЦИИ F2 - F4, ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ ОТ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ТИПОВ СКРЕЩИВАНИЯ
Authors: Нурпеисов И.А.
Published: October 2021

В РК целенаправленная селекционная работа сортов факультативной мягкой пшеницы начата только с 2013 года в ТОО Казахском научно - исследовательском институте земледелия и растениеводства. В литературе нет сведений о степени выраженности элементов продуктивности в расщепляющихся гибридных популяциях факультативной мягкой пшеницы, полученных от различных типов комбинации скрещивания (факульта-тивные сорта х факультативные сорта, факультативные сорта х озимые сорта, факульта-тивные сорта х яровые сорта и яровые сорта х озимые сорта). Выяснения этого вопроса является целью данной работы. В результате установлено, что в условиях осеннего и весеннего посевов юго-востока РК эффективность отбора продуктивных линий факультативной мягкой пшеницы выше в гибридных популяциях F2 - F4, полученных от типов скрещивания: факультативные сорта х озимые сорта и яровые сорта х озимые сорта. Урожайность таких линий в питомнике контрольного сортоиспытания колебалась от 46,1 до 56,7 при осеннем и от 32,7 до 44,4 ц/га при весеннем посеве (урожайность стандартного сорта Казахстанская 10 - 44,2 и 34,9 ц/га соответственно). Следовательно, указанные типы скрещивания являются определяющими при селекции продуктивных сортов факультативной мягкой пшеницы.
Cirsium taiwanense (Compositae, Cirsium sect. Onotrophe, subsect. Australicirsium), a new species from Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chih-Yi , Tzeng Hsy-Yu , Tseng Yen-Hsueh
Published: October 2021

A new species of Cirsium, C. taiwanense Y.H.Tseng & Chih Y.Chang from central-northern Taiwan is reported in this article. This species is similar to C. hosokawae Kitam. in having a densely cobwebby abaxial leaf surface, but differs in its yellow (vs. vivid purplish red) corolla and the angle between the midrib and the lateral veins of the leaf, which is acute as opposed to nearly at a right angle in C. hosokawae. Cirsium taiwanense has 2n = 32 chromosomes, which is different from the other species in the Taiwanese subsect. Australicirsium Kitam. (2n = 34). An identification key to the Cirsium taxa of Taiwan is presented.
Institutional and regional features of organized second home development in Russia
Authors: Rusanov Alexander V.
Published: October 2021

The article studies the features of second home land development in Russia. Basing on the data of the All-Russian agricultural censuses, the author shows that organized second home development is represented by two quantitatively and qualitatively different processes, namely: development of residential dachas, observed in horticultural non-profit partnerships (HNP) with dominant residential, recreational and agricultural functions, and development of agricultural dachas (vegetable gardens), observed in gardening non-profit partnerships (GNP), performing only an agricultural function. Despite regional differentiation, the general developmental trend might be described as gradual strengthening of the recreational and residential functions of the HNPs, which is facilitated by institutional regulation. The absolute and relative scales of the GNPs extension are gradually decreasing, but due to the unique localization and long-term traditions of subsidiary gardening, they remain relevant, especially during periods of crisis. Therefore, in some regions, their share in the total land of garden and dacha formations substantially exceeds the national average. The desire of the owners to supplement the functions of the GNPs with a permit for the construction of houses leads to the transfer of gardening lands to other categories, but in the absence of such an opportunity, Russian GNPs remain an analogue of foreign «allotment gardens», where one cannot spend the night, but can do gardening.
Three new species of Stenomesius Westwood (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species
Authors: Fan Jun-Jie , Li Cheng-De
Published: October 2021

Three new species of Stenomesius Westwood, S. guanshanensissp. nov., S. hanisp. nov., and S. harbinensissp. nov., are described from China. A key to all species of the genus Stenomesius in China is provided.
L’adoption transnationale entre idéologies, humanitaire et catharsis
Authors: Denéchère Yves
Published: October 2021

Les débuts de « l’adoption entre pays » sont très liés aux contextes de guerre et de décolonisation. Des adoptions d’enfants nés en Allemagne de pères alliés venus occuper le pays après 1945 aux adoptions d’enfants vietnamiens par des Américains à la fin de la guerre du Vietnam, de nombreux mouvements d’adoption ont été induits par les décolonisations et les conflits de la guerre froide. Cet article propose une réflexion croisant l’histoire de l’adoption internationale et les questionnements rénovés depuis quelques années sur les fins de guerres et les fins d’empires dans lesquels les enfants et les jeunes ont été assignés à des rôles importants. Les États-Unis et la France constituent deux cas intéressants à croiser. Celle-ci perd son empire colonial dans les années 1950 et 1960 ce qui la contraint à une redéfinition de ses rapports avec les populations du monde ; ceux-là, en tant que puissance mondiale, assument à partir de 1945 le leadership du monde occidental et, durant la guerre froide, mènent des conflits qui les confrontent à d’autres populations. Ces ruptures et ces évolutions qui touchent les sociétés concernées impliquent de nouveaux rapports à l’altérité et des adaptations du gouvernement des populations. C’est dans ces contextes, populationniste en France et interventionniste aux États-Unis, que l’adoption internationale se développe, notamment pour les enfants métis nés des relations sexuelles entre soldats français ou américains et des femmes autochtones. L’article interroge la fonction cathartique de l’adoption internationale au cours ou à la suite de périodes et d’événements qui incitent certaines personnes à vouloir réparer ou à vouloir promouvoir des projets humanistes. Il est également intéressant d’évaluer la part de l’idéologie et le poids des émotions et des élans humanitaires en faveur de l’adoption qu’ils suscitent. Les traces du passé colonial sont bien sûr interrogées avec les notions de race et de citoyenneté, ainsi que la question, humainement très sensible chez les personnes adoptées, des origines.
Reproductions : une généalogie
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: October 2021

Cet article, en contrepoint de la discussion des nouvelles théories de la « reproduction sociale » et de leur confrontation avec la critique marxiste de l’économie politique, esquisse une généalogie historique et sémantique du concept même de « reproduction ». Celle-ci croise l’histoire des disciplines (notamment l’histoire naturelle et l’économie politique) et montre la persistance, mais aussi les déplacements, de trois registres de signification qu’on peut rattacher aux catégories de mimèsis , de genesis et de poièsis : reproduction d’un modèle, engendrement d’une lignée, renouvellement d’un stock. Elle permet de confronter les attitudes en face de la crise et de problématiser à nouveau les questions de la mutabilité et de l’interruption, qui sous-tendent l’imaginaire de la révolution.
Travail reproductif et exploitation : de Marx aux théories féministes de la reproduction
Authors: Renault Emmanuel
Published: October 2021

Cet article discute la manière dont les théories féministes de la reproduction ont conduit à entretenir et renouveler les discussions portant sur les meilleures manières de théoriser et de critiquer l’exploitation du travail au sein des sociétés capitalistes. Dans un premier temps, il remonte à Marx et à la manière dont Le Capital pose le problème de la reproduction de la force de travail sans l’associer à celui d’un travail reproductif. Dans un deuxième temps, il analyse la manière dont les théories féministes de la reproduction sociale ont développé à partir des années 1970 une théorie de l’exploitation du travail domestique, conçu comme travail de reproduction, par le capitalisme. Dans un troisième temps, il propose une discussion critique de la manière dont les développements plus récents des théories féministes de la reproduction sociale ont élargi le concept de reproduction sociale et le déconnectant parfois des problématiques du travail et de son exploitation.
Travail productif, travail de care
Authors: Hirata Helena
Published: October 2021

Cet article veut montrer que l’idée du travail domestique en tant que reproduction de la force de travail dans la tradition marxiste a été élargie par les théories du care développées dans les années 2000, selon lesquelles le travail domestique et du care non seulement reproduisent la force de travail mais produisent et maintiennent la vie. Dans une première partie, il fait un état de lieux concernant les controverses autour du travail domestique, de la reproduction/production et de la reproduction sociale. Dans une deuxième partie, il présente le travail du care en tant que travail productif et reproductif. Il s’agit ici d’élaborer une proposition alternative, transversale et matérialiste, en tenant compte des acquis des développements récents de la « Social reproduction theory », tout en refusant la séparation entre travail productif et reproductif sur laquelle elle se fonde.
Parti communiste ou parti de classe ? Marx et ses deux théories du parti
Authors: Quétier Jean
Published: October 2021

Souvent considérée comme un point aveugle de son œuvre, la question du parti constitue pourtant une composante centrale de la pensée de Marx. En prenant en compte l’expérience militante qui fut la sienne tout au long de sa vie, cet article entreprend de montrer que Marx a développé non pas une mais deux théories du parti bien distinctes. La thèse décisive formulée à la fin des années 1840 dans le Manifeste du parti communiste – celle d’un parti communiste conçu comme fraction éclairée d’un parti ouvrier plus large – disparaît en effet de l’horizon stratégique de Marx au cours des années 1860, cédant la place à une réflexion centrée sur la construction du parti de classe, dans laquelle l’idée même d’une distinction fonctionnelle entre parti ouvrier et parti communiste perd son sens. Opposant alors de façon systématique le parti à la secte, Marx cherche à penser les conditions de possibilité d’une activité politique autonome de la classe ouvrière plutôt qu’une organisation fondée sur une doctrine pré-constituée.
Usine et dépendances
Authors: Paye Simon
Published: October 2021

Au xx e  siècle, le travail ouvrier effectué en dehors de l’usine, suivant le modèle du putting-out system , est le plus souvent interprété comme une survivance de pratiques anciennes. Avec le cas de l’entreprise de chaussures Bata, dont l’usine est implantée en Moselle dans les années 1930, c’est une dynamique inverse qui s’observe : il faut attendre les années 1950 pour que se développe une production réalisée à domicile puis, parallèlement, en ateliers ruraux. Dans cet article, on s’attache à analyser les circonstances et modalités d’émergence de ces deux formes de putting-out system . On se propose également de comparer les configurations particulières dans lesquelles s’inscrit chacune de ces productions hors-usine et de spécifier leurs usages sociaux, en considérant tant l’offre que la demande de travail.
Deux enfants par femme dans la France de 2010 : la fécondité serait-elle insensible à la crise économique ?
Authors: Pison Gilles
Published: October 2021

En France, l’indicateur de fécondité a continué à augmenter en 2010 (2,00 enfants par femme contre 1,99 en 2009), alors qu’il diminue généralement à la suite de ralentissements économiques. La dernière récession est survenue lors d’une période où la fécondité était en hausse dans la majorité des pays occidentaux. La récession a inversé le mouvement et provoqué sa baisse comme on a pu l’observer aux États-Unis, ou a freiné sa hausse comme en Russie. La France est probablement dans ce dernier cas : sans la crise, l’indicateur de fécondité aurait sans doute augmenté encore plus et dépassé deux enfants par femme en métropole.
Combien de personnes résident seules en France ?
Authors: Toulemon Laurent , Pennec Sophie
Published: October 2021

Au recensement de 2007, un habitant sur sept réside seul dans son logement en France métropolitaine. Cette proportion a augmenté régulièrement depuis cinquante ans, passant de 6 % en 1962 à 14 % en 2007. Les femmes sont plus nombreuses à résider seules que les hommes. Elles quittent le domicile parental plus jeunes, et se mettent en couple également plus tôt que les hommes ; elles sont une sur cinq à résider seules vers 20 ans. Cette situation se raréfie ensuite jusqu’à atteindre moins de 8 % à 40 ans, avant d’augmenter fortement aux âges plus élevés jusqu’à 55 % à 80 ans. Une personne sur dix recensée comme vivant seule dans son logement ne l’est en fait pas tout le temps : elle peut avoir deux logements et ne résider seule que dans l’un d’entre eux, ou n’avoir qu’un logement mais n’y vivre seule qu’une partie du temps.
La fécondité au Maghreb : nouvelle surprise
Authors: Ouadah-Bedidi Zahia , Vallin Jacques , Bouchoucha Ibtihel
Published: October 2021

La fécondité, après avoir convergé vers le seuil de remplacement dans les pays du Maghreb, y évolue aujourd’hui de façon contrastée. En Tunisie, la fécondité a cessé de baisser et semble rivée à 2,1 enfants par femme depuis 1999. En Algérie, après avoir atteint 2,2 dans la première moitié des années 2000, elle ne cesse d’augmenter depuis, atteignant presque 2,9 en 2010. Dans le même temps, au Maroc et en Libye, où le seuil de remplacement n’était pas encore atteint, elle a continué à baisser rapidement jusqu’à 2,2 et 2,5 respectivement. Non seulement aucun de ces pays n’est encore tombé sous le seuil de remplacement mais l’Algérie opère depuis dix ans une vive remontée. Comme hier pour la baisse de la fécondité, l’évolution de l’âge au mariage joue aujourd’hui le premier rôle dans sa stabilisation à 2 enfants par femme en Tunisie et dans la remontée à près de 3 en Algérie. Mais il se peut aussi que dans ce pays, le modèle à deux enfants ne soit plus aussi attractif.
La contraception en France : nouveau contexte, nouvelles pratiques ?
Authors: Bajos Nathalie , Bohet Aline , Le Guen Mireille , Moreau Caroline , l’équipe de l’enquête Fecond
Published: October 2021

En France, en 2010, 50 % des femmes de 15-49 ans concernées par la contraception utilisent la pilule. La proportion d’utilisatrices a légèrement diminué depuis le début des années 2000, la baisse étant compensée par l’adoption de nouvelles méthodes hormonales de contraception (implant, patch contraceptif et anneau vaginal) sauf chez les 20-24 ans. Le recours au stérilet (DIU) continue de diminuer légèrement et l'utilisation du préservatif progresse. La stérilisation contraceptive n’est utilisée que par une minorité de femmes alors qu’elle a été légalisée en 2001 comme méthode contraceptive. Environ 3 % de femmes n’utilisent pas de contraception du tout alors qu’elles ne souhaitent pas être enceintes. Cette situation est plus fréquente chez les femmes confrontées à une situation financière difficile, peu ou pas diplômées, ou vivant en milieu rural.