bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustical Properties
Authors: Jordan Randolph
Published: July 2016

One of the defining thematic preoccupations in the fiction filmmaking of Philippe Grandrieux, one of the leading figures in French Art Cinema, is that of the politics of property. InSombre, La Vie Nouvelle, andUn Lac, the relationship dynamics between a woman and a variety of agents competing to claim her are mapped out in the overlap between different registers of space. This overlap opens up complex dynamics between differing spatial practices that are evident within Grandrieux’s narratives and the stylistics with which he shapes them, breaking down conventional understanding of the distance between screen and audience. This chapter argues that one cannot account for the richness of spatial practice in these films without attention to the representation of acoustic space. Drawing on recent concepts in sound studies and critical geography, and expanding upon the literature on Grandrieux’s work, the author focuses on instances of spatial delineation that defines elements of owned property in each of these films.
Object and Idea
Authors: Shaw-Miller Simon
Published: July 2016

This chapter concentrates on the strain of modernism that flows from the work of French artist Marcel Duchamp and its relationship to ideas of music. While the significance of music as a paradigm for the development of “purist” modernism is well known—it is an ideology best encapsulated in the writing of Clement Greenberg, the development of abstraction in art, and is based on the model of musical meaning that was consequent on the concept of “absolute music”—what is less well known is the significance of music for the strain of modernism that came through Duchamp, forming a hybrid conceptual alternative to purism. It is argued that the idea of the readymade is consistent with idea of music as more than just sound, as a discursive practice, and that this “extra-musical” conception of music (as counterpoise to absolute music) provides a lineage linking Duchamp to Paik to Marclay.
“Sound Houses”
Authors: Till Nicholas
Published: July 2016

This chapter looks at the relationship of music and architecture, both historically and with regard to the “spatial” and “acoustic” turns in recent cultural thinking. The author suggests that during the twentieth century sound art offered a distinctive challenge to the formalizing tendencies of both modernist music and modernist architecture. Architecture is instead understood in its multi-sensory materiality, while the sonic is understood as an intrinsic property of architectural experience. Similarly, space is understood as an intrinsic property of music, while much recent musical practice is shown to have recognized the inextricable association of sound and space. Examining the work of sound artists alongside the spatially conceived music of composers, this chapter considers the spatial and acoustic turns of the later twentieth century as a means for thinking about the postmodern sonic as a field that challenges the old modernist aspiration of both music and architecture to aesthetic autonomy.
Music, Convert, and Subject in the North Sumatran Mission Field
Authors: Byl Julia
Published: July 2016

This case study on the Toba Batak of Northern Sumatra focuses on a model 19th-century German missionary, whose success in the almost complete conversion of the Toba was predicated on a politics of selective tolerance, in which certain local codes and practices were encouraged, while others were identified for replacement with Christian practices and emblems. Through a discussion of the musical tensions involved in this process of selective exchange, Byl explores the ways in which the first missionaries negotiated identities that encompassed both their benevolent Christian convictions and their roles as effective agents of colonial power. For their part, Toba responses to the politics of missionization have also been complex and shot through with contradictions: as an institution, the church stood as a structure bolstering their defiant confrontation of Muslim Indonesia, while internally its implementation is remembered in terms of colonial policies and alliances.
Non-Assertion Speech Acts
Authors: Kissine Mikhail
Published: July 2016

This chapter is devoted to major theoretical questions surrounding non-assertion speech acts. First is addressed the distinction between institutional and non-institutional speech acts. Then, directives, questions, expressives, and commissives are discussed in turn. Each of these classes of speech acts raise specific issues, which are separately discussed. For instance, it is important to determine the exact relationship questions bear, on the one hand, to directives and, on the other hand, to assertions. It is equally important to understand whether some expressives and commissive should be thought in naturalistic terms and how they relate to other types of speech acts. The extent to which definitions directives should make reference to desire expression is also discussed. That said, the study of non-assertion speech acts is also threaded with several common themes, such as the tension between normative and intentionality approaches, and the impact of non-assertion speech acts on theories of assertion.
Major English Acting Troupes to 1583
Authors: White Paul Whitfield
Published: July 2016

This study argues that English acting troupes enjoyed liveried status in royal or noble households from about the mid-fifteenth century, their early development inhibited by the continuing power of court minstrels. Challenging the persisting view that patronized troupes evolved from minstrelsy or absorbed much of its fare, the study concludes that players rivaled minstrels in popularity as touring entertainers until the 1530s, when acting companies became dominant. On the one hand, early Tudor players remained dependent on patrons for protection, prestige, and career opportunities; they were intermittently censored and served as propagandists. On the other hand, the high level of professionalization that Queen Elizabeth’s Men and similar troupes would later enjoy already existed in that many made a living from full-time acting, owned their playscripts, and determined their own touring itineraries.
The Imprisonment Boom of the Late Twentieth Century
Authors: Lynch Mona , Verma Anjuli
Published: July 2016

This essay reviews trends since the early 1980s in the number of inmates confined in American prisons as well as possible factors contributing to the massive increase in prison admissions (ranging from highly functionalist structural accounts to more culturally embedded midrange ones). Defining features of the late twentieth century imprisonment boom are discussed, encompassing global notoriety; persistent racial disparities; the role of felony drug filings, convictions and sentences in fueling both the scale and racial disparities of imprisonment; and regional and jurisdictional variations in trends across three planes: federal-state, interstate, and intrastate. Finally, the recent “stabilization” of incarceration rates in the United States is described and possible implications considered.
Emergent gauge fields and the high-temperature superconductors
Authors: Sachdev Subir
Published: July 2016

The quantum entanglement of many states of matter can be represented by electric and magnetic fields, much like those found in Maxwell’s theory. These fields ‘emerge’ from the quantum structure of the many-electron state, rather than being fundamental degrees of freedom of the vacuum. I review basic aspects of the theory of emergent gauge fields in insulators in an intuitive manner. In metals, Fermi liquid (FL) theory relies on adiabatic continuity from the free electron state, and its central consequence is the existence of long-lived electron-like quasi-particles around a Fermi surface enclosing a volume determined by the total density of electrons, via the Luttinger theorem. However, long-range entanglement and emergent gauge fields can also be present in metals. I focus on the ‘fractionalized Fermi liquid’ (FL*) state, which also has long-lived electron-like quasi-particles around a Fermi surface; however, the Luttinger theorem on the Fermi volume is violated, and this requires the presence of emergent gauge fields, and the associated loss of adiabatic continuity with the free electron state. Finally, I present a brief survey of some recent experiments in the hole-doped cuprate superconductors, and interpret the properties of the pseudogap regime in the framework of the FL* theory.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘Unifying physics and technology in light of Maxwell's equations’.
Unification of force and substance
Authors: Wilczek Frank
Published: July 2016

Maxwell’s mature presentation of his equations emphasized the unity of electromagnetism and mechanics, subsuming both as ‘dynamical systems’. That intuition of unity has proved both fruitful, as a source of pregnant concepts, and broadly inspiring. A deep aspect of Maxwell’s work is its use of redundant potentials, and the associated requirement of gauge symmetry. Those concepts have become central to our present understanding of fundamental physics, but they can appear to be rather formal and esoteric. Here I discuss two things: the physical significance of gauge invariance, in broad terms; and some tantalizing prospects for further unification, building on that concept, that are visible on the horizon today. If those prospects are realized, Maxwell’s vision of the unity of field and substance will be brought to a new level.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘Unifying physics and technology in light of Maxwell's equations’.
Ephemeral protein binding to DNA shapes stable nuclear bodies and chromatin domains
Authors: Brackley C. A. , Liebchen B. , Michieletto D. , Mouvet F. , Cook P. R. , Marenduzzo D.
Published: July 2016

Fluorescence microscopy reveals that the contents of many (membrane-free) nuclear “bodies” exchange rapidly with the soluble pool whilst the underlying structure persists; such observations await a satisfactory biophysical explanation. To shed light on this, we perform large-scale Brownian dynamics simulations of a chromatin fiber interacting with an ensemble of (multivalent) DNA-binding proteins; these proteins switch between two states – active (binding) and inactive (non-binding). This system provides a model for any DNA-binding protein that can be modified post-translationally to change its affinity for DNA (e.g., like the phosphorylation of a transcription factor). Due to this out-of-equilibrium process, proteins spontaneously assemble into clusters of self-limiting size, as individual proteins in a cluster exchange with the soluble pool with kinetics like those seen in photo-bleaching experiments. This behavior contrasts sharply with that exhibited by “equilibrium”, or non-switching, proteins that exist only in the binding state; when these bind to DNA non-specifically, they form clusters that grow indefinitely in size. Our results point to post-translational modification of chromatin-bridging proteins as a generic mechanism driving the self-assembly of highly dynamic, non-equilibrium, protein clusters with the properties of nuclear bodies. Such active modification also reshapes intra-chromatin contacts to give networks resembling those seen in topologically-associating domains, as switching markedly favors local (short-range) contacts over distant ones.
The genome of the crustaceanParhyale hawaiensis: a model for animal development, regeneration, immunity and lignocellulose digestion
Authors: Kao Damian , Lai Alvina G. , Stamataki Evangelia , Rosic Silvana , Konstantinides Nikolaos , Jarvis Erin , Di Donfrancesco Alessia , Pouchkina-Stantcheva Natalia , Sémon Marie , Grillo Marco , Bruce Heather , Kumar Suyash , Siwanowicz Igor , Le Andy , Lemire Andrew , Eisen Michael B. , Extavour Cassandra , Browne William E. , Wolff Carsten , Averof Michalis , Patel Nipam H. , Sarkies Peter , Pavlopoulos Anastasios , Aboobaker A. Aziz
Published: July 2016

The amphipod crustaceanParhyale hawaiensisis a blossoming model system for studies of developmental mechanisms and more recently regeneration. We have sequenced the genome allowing annotation of all key signaling pathways, transcription factors, and non-coding RNAs that will enhance ongoing functional studies.Parhyaleis a member of the Malacostraca clade, which includes crustacean food crop species. We analysed the immunity related genes ofParhyaleas an important comparative system for these species, where immunity related aquaculture problems have increased as farming has intensified. We also find thatParhyaleand other species within Multicrustacea contain the enzyme sets necessary to perform lignocellulose digestion (“wood eating”), suggesting this ability may predate the diversification of this lineage. Our data provide an essential resource for further development ofParhyaleas an experimental model. The first malacostracan genome will underpin ongoing comparative work in food crop species and research investigating lignocellulose as an energy source.
X-Tream quality assurance in synchrotron X-ray microbeam radiation therapy
Authors: Fournier Pauline , Cornelius Iwan , Donzelli Mattia , Requardt Herwig , Nemoz Christian , Petasecca Marco , Bräuer-Krisch Elke , Rosenfeld Anatoly , Lerch Michael
Published: July 2016

Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is a novel irradiation technique for brain tumours treatment currently under development at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, France. The technique is based on the spatial fractionation of a highly brilliant synchrotron X-ray beam into an array of microbeams using a multi-slit collimator (MSC). After promising pre-clinical results, veterinary trials have recently commenced requiring the need for dedicated quality assurance (QA) procedures. The quality of MRT treatment demands reproducible and precise spatial fractionation of the incoming synchrotron beam. The intensity profile of the microbeams must also be quickly and quantitatively characterized prior to each treatment for comparison with that used for input to the dose-planning calculations. The Centre for Medical Radiation Physics (University of Wollongong, Australia) has developed an X-ray treatment monitoring system (X-Tream) which incorporates a high-spatial-resolution silicon strip detector (SSD) specifically designed for MRT. In-air measurements of the horizontal profile of the intrinsic microbeam X-ray field in order to determine the relative intensity of each microbeam are presented, and the alignment of the MSC is also assessed. The results show that the SSD is able to resolve individual microbeams which therefore provides invaluable QA of the horizontal field size and microbeam number and shape. They also demonstrate that the SSD used in the X-Tream system is very sensitive to any small misalignment of the MSC. In order to allow as rapid QA as possible, a fast alignment procedure of the SSD based on X-ray imaging with a low-intensity low-energy beam has been developed and is presented in this publication.
Fixed target combined with spectral mapping: approaching 100% hit rates for serial crystallography
Authors: Oghbaey Saeed , Sarracini Antoine , Ginn Helen M. , Pare-Labrosse Olivier , Kuo Anling , Marx Alexander , Epp Sascha W. , Sherrell Darren A. , Eger Bryan T. , Zhong Yinpeng , Loch Rolf , Mariani Valerio , Alonso-Mori Roberto , Nelson Silke , Lemke Henrik T. , Owen Robin L. , Pearson Arwen R. , Stuart David I. , Ernst Oliver P. , Mueller-Werkmeister Henrike M. , Miller R. J. Dwayne
Published: July 2016

The advent of ultrafast highly brilliant coherent X-ray free-electron laser sources has driven the development of novel structure-determination approaches for proteins, and promises visualization of protein dynamics on sub-picosecond timescales with full atomic resolution. Significant efforts are being applied to the development of sample-delivery systems that allow these unique sources to be most efficiently exploited for high-throughput serial femtosecond crystallography. Here, the next iteration of a fixed-target crystallography chip designed for rapid and reliable delivery of up to 11 259 protein crystals with high spatial precision is presented. An experimental scheme for predetermining the positions of crystals in the chip by means ofin situspectroscopy using a fiducial system for rapid, precise alignment and registration of the crystal positions is presented. This delivers unprecedented performance in serial crystallography experiments at room temperature under atmospheric pressure, giving a raw hit rate approaching 100% with an effective indexing rate of approximately 50%, increasing the efficiency of beam usage and allowing the method to be applied to systems where the number of crystals is limited.
2-{[(2-Methoxynaphthalen-1-yl)methyl]amino}phenol
Authors: Mahdjoub Sara , Boulcina Raouf , Debache Abdelmadjid , Ghichi Nadir , Merazig Hocine
Published: July 2016

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H17NO2, contains two independent molecules (AandB). The dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring is 74.67 (10)° in moleculeAand 78.81 (9)° in moleculeB. In the crystal, molecules are linked by a series of C—H...π interactions, forming sheets parallel to theabplane.
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione
Authors: Kadir Aisyah , Abd Malek Normyzatul Akmal , Mohd Zaki Hamizah , Hasbullah Siti Aishah , Yamin Bohari M.
Published: July 2016

In the title molecule, C13H15FN2S, the dihydropyrimidine ring is in a flattened boat conformation with deviations of 0.135 (2) and 0.371 (2) Å for the fluorophenyl-substituted N atom and the dimethyl-substituted C atom, respectively, from the four other essentially co-planar atoms. In the crystal, pairs of molecules related by twofold rotation axes are linked by N—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming dimers.
N,N′-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(2-chlorobenzamide)
Authors: Mohamooda Sumaya U. , Reuben Jonathan D. , Dravida Thendral E. R. A. , Revathi B. K. , Usha G.
Published: July 2016

The title compound, C16H14Cl2N2O2, crystallized with one half-molecule in the asymmetric unit; the whole molecule is generated by inversion symmetry, the center of inversion being situated at the middle of the bridging –CH2—CH2– bond. The dihedral angle between the amide group and the benzene ring is 52.4 (2)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by two pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds forming a ladder-like structure propagating along thea-axis direction and enclosingR22(14) ring motifs. The compound was refined as a two-component twin [BASF = 0.18 (1)].
2-(5-Bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-(4-bromophenyl)-5-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile dimethyl sulfoxide monosolvate
Authors: AaminaNaaz Y. , Kamalraja Jayabal , Vimala G. , Perumal Paramasivam T. , SubbiahPandi A.
Published: July 2016

In the title solvated compound, C26H14Br2ClN3O·C2H6OS, the indole ring is inclined to the central pyrrole ring by 25.7 (2)°. The chlorobenzene ring and the bromobenzene rings subtend dihedral angles of 56.5 (2) and 53.4 (2)°, respectively, with the central pyrrole ring. In the crystal, molecules are bridged by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, involving the dimethyl sulfoxide solvent molecule, forming chains along [010]. There are no other significant intermolecular interactions present.
The proof of a new modified grey relational grade
Authors: Wen Kunli
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– Until now, many different varieties of grey relational grade methods had been proposed, and there are also many relevant publications. However, in one article published in 2007, which applied the previous grey relational grade to environmental protection fields and some results had been found. After studied it carefully, the author found that the grey relational grade in the paper was not the previous grey relational grade. According to the mathematics logic, it must first prove the proposed grey relational grade satisfies the four axioms in grey relational analysis, and then the author can say that the achieved results are reasonable and correct. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach

– The paper lists the rational and regular grey relational grade that had been published in the past, and used the four axioms in grey system theory to prove the Pai’s grey relational grade that satisfy the four axioms steps by steps.

Findings

– Through the detail proof of the proposed grey relational grade in Pai’s paper, it indeed satisfies the four axioms in grey relational grade.

Research limitations/implications

– The paper had enhanced the correctness and reasonableness of that paper, and let the grey relational grade, which appear in Pai’s paper is legitimate and correct grey relational grade in grey system theory.

Originality/value

– The paper had identified that Pai’s grey relational grade is a rational and regular grey relational grade in grey system theory, and it proves that the results in Pai’s paper are correct and reasonable.
A network model for solving the yard truck routing and scheduling problem
Authors: Tsai Feng-Ming , Lu Chung-Cheng , Chang Yu-Ming
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to improve the efficiency of loading and discharging operations in container terminals. Accounting for an increase in the size of ships, the yard truck (YT) routing and scheduling problem has become an important issue to terminal operators.

Design/methodology/approach

– A (binary) integer programming model is developed using the time-space network technique to optimally move YTs between quay cranes (QC) and yard cranes (YC) in the time and space dimensions. The objective of the model is to minimize the total operating cost, and the model employs the M/M/S model in the queuing theory to determine the waiting time of YTs. The developed model can obtain the optimal number of YTs and their scheduling and routing plans simultaneously, as shown by the computational results.

Findings

– The results also show that the model can be applied to practical operations. In this research, an experimental design of the QC and YC operation networks was considered with the import and export containers carried by YTs. The model can be used to tackle a real world problem in an international port, and the analysis results could be useful references for port operators in actual practice.

Research limitations/implications

– The purpose of this research only focusses on YTs routing and scheduling problem, however, the container terminal operation problems are interrelated with berth allocation and yard stacking plan. The managerial application of this study is to analyze the trade-off between truck numbers and truck waiting time can be used for terminal operators to adjust the truck assignment. This research can assist an operator to determine the optimal fleet size and schedule in advance to avoid wasted costs and congestion in the quayside and yard block.

Originality/value

– This research solves the YT scheduling and routing problem for container discharging and loading processes with a time-space network model, which has not been previously reported, through an empirical research.
Case formulation in forensic practice: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Delle-Vergini Vanessa , Day Andrew
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of current practice in forensic case formulation, describing different approaches and discussing some of the practical and ethical issues that routinely arise. The paper further identifies areas where future practice and research might be strengthened.

Design/methodology/approach

– There is only a very small literature to draw upon in reviewing this topic. Therefore a narrative literature review was undertaken, synthesising findings from published, peer-reviewed studies, and papers that addressed case formulation in psychological practice.

Findings

– Despite case formation being considered by many to be a core competency of evidence-based forensic practice, it is not currently possible to describe a typical forensic case formulation or advocate for a particular approach to practice.

Practical implications

– A number of practical and ethical issues routinely arise in the process of conducting a forensic case formulation. Ultimately, the absence of a consistent approach can lead to lead to poor clinical decision-making and the delivery of inadequate or inappropriate intervention.

Originality/value

– This is one of the few discussions of case formulation that have been prepared for forensic practitioners. It is likely to be of interest to readers of the journal given the importance of the formulation process in contemporary forensic practice.
What is effective in promoting a healthy lifestyle in secure psychiatric settings? A review of the evidence for an integrated programme that targets modifiable health risk behaviours
Authors: Long Clive , Rowell Arleen , Rigg Samantha , Livesey Frank , McAllister Peter
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to describe healthy lifestyle initiatives in a secure psychiatric facility and the evidence base for these interventions.

Design/methodology/approach

– Following a detailed review of the literature on the physical health of psychiatric inpatients, a trans-diagnostic approach to behaviour change is advocated in selected areas.

Findings

– Lifestyle strategy proposals were produced that incorporate the principle of “libertarian paternalism” in making changes to eating and exercise behaviour; a programme of motivational and reinforcement strategies; and facility-specific environmental restructuring to include maximising the therapeutic use of green space.

Practical implications

– Instituting described changes needs to be accompanied by a programme of evaluation to assess intervention-specific physical health changes.

Originality/value

– This paper provides a synthesis of findings in key areas of behaviour change relevant to improving the physical health of psychiatric patients in secure settings. It is a co-ordinated and interlinked lifestyle strategy that has applicability to similar services.
Improving the quality of life with CPTED methodology: high-rise housing in Widzew, Łódź
Authors: Klima Ewa , Janiszewska Anna , Grabski Lech , Woldendorp Tobias
Published: July 2016

Purpose

The social context in Polish high-rise neighbourhoods varies from one in Western Europe. This typology is not associated with social housing and the ownership of the dwellings mixed. Moreover, nearly half of the population of Poland lives in this type of real estates. Sociological research shows that the subjective quality of life is decent. Nevertheless, the dwellings are still considered a rather poor place to live and there are various aspects that need to be improved. Widzew is a typical example of the 1970s and 80s concrete high-rise housing area. Many similar developments have been built during the communist era in Eastern Europe. There are many degenerated buildings, while new developments intrude the existing environment, obstructing social and urban structure. The purpose of this paper is to analyse this environment and investigate the social problems and the urban context.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors have conducted sociological surveys and field observations to measure the subjective quality of life. After analysing the data, several problems appeared, such as lack of maintenance, poor quality of public space, the sense of insecurity and lack of social cohesion. The main scientific question is if and how the crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) method can address those issues. This paper wants to address major problems found in the social research by using a combination of CPTED solutions.

Findings

The necessity to apply the CPTED analysis in the quasi-public space is clearly noticeable. It is this space that is often perceived by the inhabitants as dangerous. It appears that it can be easily assessed via four criteria – visibility, accessibility, territoriality and attractiveness.

Originality/value

The novel idea was to compare the findings of a sociological survey on quality of life with the results of space analysis based on the CPTED method. This study might bring general recommendations for high-rise neighbourhoods in Eastern Europe.
High-rise in trouble? Learning from Europe
Authors: van Soomeren Paul , Klundert Willemijn van de , Aquilué Inés , de Kleuver Justin
Published: July 2016

Purpose

All over the world, millions of people live in buildings and neighbourhoods that follow the principles of Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM) and Le Corbusier: high-rise “residential machines” in parks reminiscent of green seas. Some of these have become very successful living environments, but in Europe and the USA, several neighbourhoods featuring this architectural design dream have become a social nightmare. Residents who were able to moved to more desirable neighbourhoods. This led to a high level of vacancy and crime and fear of crime have flourished, resulting in a stigma that is often long-lasting and difficult to repair. The pupose of this study is to learn from these experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, two high-rise neighbourhoods, built in a Corbusier-like fashion and situated on the outskirts of major cities, are put under the evaluation spotlight: Bijlmermeer: located in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, with an abundance of landscaping, shrubbery, green fields and one high-density neighbourhood; and Bellvitge: located in Barcelona, Cataluña, Spain, looking less like a park and more like a city with open-air parking on ground level, and many small shops, bars and restaurants.

Findings

Both neighbourhoods faced enormous problems from crime, incivilities, disorder and drug abuse. Fear of crime and feelings of insecurity were high. Both governments reacted by investing huge sums of money. In Bellvitge, the investment was mainly in public transport, the public domain and new approaches in policing while keeping the high-rise buildings intact. In Bijlmermeer, a large regeneration project supported the demolition of two-thirds of all apartments and the neighbourhood was rebuilt in a low-rise fashion.

Research limitations/implications

This paper outlines the history of both neighbourhoods and describes the solutions that were implemented. Important lessons can be learned regarding current high-rise neighbourhoods and about the learning capacity of urban designers and planners regarding urban management.

Practical implications

The paper suggests that urban planners, designers and managers are slow in learning from earlier mistakes. The hypothesis is that there is no clear method available to evaluate new urban planning designs by incorporating lessons from the success or failure of previous cases. This paper focuses on density, ownership and design to identify possible approaches to evaluate new high-rise estate plans.

Originality/value

The Western high-rise “wave” has faded away but nowadays has become a high-rise “tsunami” in Asia. Learning from European experience may be beneficial.
Location of a multinational corporation in a cluster
Authors: Leszczyńska Dorota , Pruchnicki Erick
Published: July 2016

Purpose

A multinational company (MNC) looking to locate within a cluster is mainly interested in gaining access to scarce and highly valuable tacit knowledge. The transfer of such resources first requires sharing a certain degree of architectural and specific knowledge. This paper aims to examine the transfer of systemic technological expertise (specific tacit knowledge) that is incorporated into organisational practices (architectural knowledge). To quantify the level of knowledge transfer involved, the present study defines the architectural distance between the MNC and the cluster.

Design/methodology/approach

The mathematical expression of acquisition performance is inferred from a conceptual study that formulates hypotheses regarding the impact of these variables on knowledge transfer. The MNC chooses its location in such a way as to maximise this performance.

Findings

Applying a mathematical model to knowledge transfer between two of the MNC units helps to determine if the locally acquired knowledge could benefit other units of the MNC.

Research limitations/implications

The present study defines the architectural distance between the MNC and the cluster. This architectural distance is defined by a vector composed of social, organisational, cultural, institutional, technological and geographic distances between the new acquisition and its network of local partners, on the one hand, and the MNC, on the other. Knowledge transfer also depends on the business players’ trust and motivation. Further research through a quantitative study would be useful to improve the links between the proposed mathematical model and the efficiency of an MNC’s location within a cluster.

Practical implications

The solution to the optimisation problem allows to put forward a simple decision criterion to assist a manager who has to face the problem of an optimal location choice.

Originality/value

First, this study contributes to a better understanding of how knowledge transfer effects may interact with cluster effects, while explaining a subsidiary’s performance with regard to location. Second, it provides an interpretation of the concept of knowledge embeddedness by showing that the effective transfer of architectural and specific knowledge involves the prior sharing of a certain amount of this knowledge.
The study of export intermediary performance determinants
Authors: Suwannarat Pornlapas
Published: July 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to study the direct and indirect influence of three important intangible resources: export knowledge, negotiation skills and specialisation and trustworthiness on export intermediary performance via the competence to reduce clients’ transaction costs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study has been provided with the official database of export intermediary firms by the Department of Export Promotion, Ministry of Commerce, Thailand. The samples of 400 export intermediary firms were identified from the 1,486 population firms. The postal questionnaires were sent to sample firms. Ordinary least square regression analysis has been adopted to test the hypotheses of the study.

Findings

The results indicate that valuable resources of export knowledge, negotiation skills and specialisation and trustworthiness significantly and positively affect both export intermediary performance and the competence to reduce clients’ transaction costs. The competence to reduce clients’ transaction costs partially mediates the relationship between resources and export intermediary performance.

Research limitations/implications

A “cost-based” perspective needs to be supplemented in future research with a more behavioural approach.

Practical implications

Export intermediaries must be able to deliver “true added value” to remain a viable organisational form, hence, the intermediaries need ceaselessly to acquire, utilise and develop resources and capabilities in reducing clients’ export-related transaction costs.

Social implications

From a public policy perspective, gaining more knowledge about the role of export intermediaries can greatly facilitate the export promotion efforts in which most nations’ governments are involved.

Originality/value

This study is a first attempt to study the mediating effect of the competence to reduce transaction costs, which mediates the relationship between resources and performance of export intermediary.
Half a century of research on Value Line: a comprehensive review
Authors: Zhang Ying , Alexander Bobby
Published: July 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of literature on Value Line. First, the authors summarize the literature examining the Value Line enigma. Second, the authors survey the literature on Value Line’s other valuation metrics. Finally, literature comparing Value Line’s database to other tradition data sources is presented.

Design/methodology/approach

– Approximately 60 academic articles published from 1967 to 2015 on Value Line are systematically reviewed and analyzed.

Findings

– Despite extensive research, empirical evidence on the Value Line enigma remains less than conclusive. Empirical evidence suggests that Value Line’s other metrics are useful and efficacious. In terms of forecast accuracy and consistency, evidence seems to suggest that Value Line Investment Survey database is as good as other databases.

Originality/value

– Academic research on Value Line began over half a century ago and is extensive; however, a comprehensive review of previous work is non-existent. This paper fills that gap in the literature and presents a comprehensive review of academic literature on Value Line.
Piscivorous fish exhibit temperature‐influenced binge feeding during an annual prey pulse
Authors: Furey Nathan B. , Hinch Scott G. , Mesa Matthew G. , Beauchamp David A.
Published: July 2016

Understanding the limits of consumption is important for determining trophic influences on ecosystems and predator adaptations to inconsistent prey availability. Fishes have been observed to consume beyond what is sustainable (i.e. digested on a daily basis), but this phenomenon of hyperphagia (or binge‐feeding) is largely overlooked. We expect hyperphagia to be a short‐term (1‐day) event that is facilitated by gut volume providing capacity to store consumed food during periods of high prey availability to be later digested.

We define how temperature, body size and food availability influence the degree of binge‐feeding by comparing field observations with laboratory experiments of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a large freshwater piscivore that experiences highly variable prey pulses. We also simulated bull trout consumption and growth during salmon smolt outmigrations under two scenarios: 1) daily consumption being dependent upon bioenergetically sustainable rates and 2) daily consumption being dependent upon available gut volume (i.e. consumption is equal to gut volume when empty and otherwise ‘topping off’ based on sustainable digestion rates).

One‐day consumption by laboratory‐held bull trout during the first day of feeding experiments after fasting exceeded bioenergetically sustainable rates by 12‐ to 87‐fold at low temperatures (3 °C) and by  ˜1·3‐fold at 20 °C. The degree of binge‐feeding by bull trout in the field was slightly reduced but largely in agreement with laboratory estimates, especially when prey availability was extremely high [during a sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolt outmigration and at a counting fence where smolts are funnelled into high densities]. Consumption by bull trout at other settings were lower and more variable, but still regularly hyperphagic.

Simulations demonstrated the ability to binge‐feed increased cumulative consumption (16–32%) and cumulative growth (19–110%) relative to only feeding at bioenergetically sustainable rates during the  ˜1‐month smolt outmigration period.

Our results indicate the ability for predators to maximize short‐term consumption when prey are available can be extreme and is limited primarily by gut volume, then mediated by temperature; thus, predator–prey relationships may be more dependent upon prey availability than traditional bioenergetic models suggest. Binge‐feeding has important implications for energy budgets of consumers as well as acute predation impacts on prey.
The Rise of Citizen Groups? The Mobilization and Representation of Danish Interest Groups, 1975–2010
Authors: Skorkjær Binderkrantz Anne , Fisker Helene Marie , Pedersen Helene Helboe
Published: July 2016

Over the last several decades, a number of societal changes can be expected to have led to the increased mobilization of interest groups representing citizen interests. For this mobilization to be effective, citizen groups need to win access to relevant political arenas. This article investigates the development of the Danish interest group system and the representation of interest groups in political arenas. While replicating findings of increasing citizen mobilization from other countries is expected, it is argued here that the development of groups’ political representation as a consequence of this mobilization depends on the dynamics of resource exchange in different political arenas. This argument is tested on a unique dataset of Danish interest groups in 1975 and 2010 which includes data on group populations and group access to the administration and the media. The analysis demonstrates that citizen groups must overcome not only the challenge of organizing, but also persistent logics guiding the inclusion of, interest groups in different political arenas. Citizen groups have been more successful in increasing their representation in the media than in the administrative arena.
The interdigitating Y‐plasty procedure for the correction of transverse vaginal septa
Authors: Arkoulis N , Kearns C , Deeny M , Telfer JRC
Published: July 2016

Transverse vaginal septa are rare congenital abnormalities of the female genital tract, the surgical management of which is hardly described in the literature. While thicker septa might require complex reconstructive surgery, this paper proposes a simple technique for the surgical management of thin septa, utilising two interdigitating Y‐plasties, without the need for excision of any septal tissue. The authors also present their series of eight consecutive cases where this technique was used, with no major complications or any cases of vaginal re‐stenosis. This technique can also be used in imperforate hymen correction, therefore it might also be of interest to the general gynaecologist.

Tweetable abstract

Interdigitating Y‐plasties in transverse vaginal septa: presentation of a new technique.
Relative validity of a brief Fat and Fibre Behaviour Questionnaire in a population of overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: A note of caution
Authors: Whelan Megan E. , Winkler Elisabeth A. H. , Eakin Elizabeth G. , Reeves Marina M.
Published: July 2016

Aim

Dietary intake assessment is often difficult in research contexts because of time and resource constraints and participant burden. Valid, reliable and brief assessments of dietary behaviour are needed. Additionally, examination of instrument performance in a variety of populations is needed. This study assessed relative validity and responsiveness to change of the Fat and Fibre Behaviour Questionnaire (FFBQ) in a population of breast cancer survivors compared with dietary intake measured by 24‐hour recalls.

Methods

Data were collected at baseline and six months after baseline of a six‐month, randomised controlled trial that evaluated a telephone‐based behavioural weight loss intervention (n = 45) compared to usual care (n = 45) among overweight and obese breast cancer survivors. The FFBQ’s total index, fat index and fibre index were assessed for relative validity against two 24‐hour recalls (Pearson's correlations). Responsiveness to change was assessed as intervention group change divided by standard deviation of usual care group change.

Results

Pearson's correlations of the fat index with fat intake measures ranged from −0.09 to −0.30 (P < 0.05) at baseline and from −0.19 to −0.28 (P < 0.05) for dietary change. Correlations of the fibre index with unadjusted and energy‐adjusted fibre intake measures (0.25–0.32, P < 0.05) were significant at baseline only. Both the FFBQ and 24‐hour recall were responsive to fat‐related dietary changes and not responsive to fibre‐related changes.

Conclusions

The FFBQ showed small to medium relative validity against 24‐hour dietary recall for assessing fat and fibre dietary behaviours and changes in dietary fat, and was responsive to fat‐related dietary changes in this population.
A new approach towards improved quality of life in fibromyalgia: a pilot study on the effects of an aquatic Ai Chi program
Authors: Pérez de la Cruz Sagrario , Lambeck Johan
Published: July 2016

Background

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a rheumatic disorder that presents with physical, psychological and social symptoms.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a program of water‐based Ai Chi on the health‐related quality of life of subjects with FMS.

Methods

An experimental pilot study was performed with a sample of 20 female subjects diagnosed with FM and recruited from two different settings. Assessments were performed using the a visual analog scale and the Short Form‐36 physical and mental health summary scores. Measurements took place at baseline and upon completion of 10 treatment sessions.

Results

After 10 treatment sessions, significant improvements (P < 0.05) were found in practically all the variables under study, with significant differences in values such as pain perception, vitality, mental health, as well as perceived overall improvement in quality of life.

Conclusions

A water‐based Ai Chi program may contribute to the improvement of mental and physical health and the quality of life in women with FMS.
Evaluation of coping strategies in established rheumatoid arthritis patients: emergence of concealment in an Asian cohort
Authors: Chew Elizabeth , Griva Konstadina , Cheung Peter P.
Published: July 2016

Aim

To evaluate coping strategies of AsianRApatients and their associations with health‐related quality of life (HRQoL).

Methods

A cross‐sectional sample of patients with establishedRAwas evaluated using measures of coping (Coping in Rheumatoid Arthritis Questionnaire [C‐RAQ]; appraisal of coping effectiveness and helplessness),HRQoL (Mental and Physical Components [MCS/PCS] of the Short Form 12v2; Rheumatoid Arthritis Impact of Disease score [RAID]) and clinical/laboratory assessments. Principal component analysis was conducted to identify coping strategies. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between coping strategies andHRQoL outcomes.

Results

The study sample comprised 101 patients, 81% female, 72.3% Chinese, mean age 54.2 ± 12.6 years. Five coping strategies were identified: Active problem solving (E= 5.36), Distancing (E= 2.30), Concealment (E= 1.89), Cognitive reframing (E= 1.55) and Emotional expression (E= 1.26). Concealment was consistently associated withPCS(rs= −0.23,P= 0.049),MCS(rs= −0.24,P= 0.04) andRAID(rs= 0.39,P< 0.001), and was significant in the multivariate model to explain lower disease‐specificHRQoL (RAID) even after adjusting for disease activity, coping effectiveness and helplessness (β = 0.20,P= 0.04). Emotional expression was associated with poorer physicalHRQoL (PCS), after adjusting for disease severity, body mass index, coping effectiveness, helplessness and Concealment (β = −0.39,P< 0.001). Perceived coping‐related helplessness was significant in multivariate correlates forPCS(β = −0.25,P= 0.036),MCS(β = −0.29,P= 0.02) andRAID(β = 0.53,P< 0.001), after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusion

Concealment and Emotional expression are associated with lower disease‐specificHRQoL and physicalHRQoL respectively, with the former coping strategy likely to be culture‐specific. Interventions should tailor psychosocial support needs to address not only coping strategies, but patients’ perception of their coping.