bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time series modelling: applications for groundwater control in urban tunnelling
Authors: Stein Eivind , Langford Jenny , Kahlström Mats
Published: September 2023

Water ingress to tunnels may result in pore pressure drawdown and consolidation settlements in areas above tunnels founded on soft soil deposits, potentially causing damage to buildings and infrastructure. To limit pore pressure drawdown, requirements are set on water ingress to bedrock tunnels. To meet these requirements, pre-excavation grouting is often performed to reduce the hydraulic conductivity of the rock mass surrounding the tunnel. Real-time pore pressure monitoring may be used to document pore pressure drawdown during construction. However, the effect of tunnel water ingress can be difficult to distinguish from natural pore pressure fluctuations. This paper presents a tunnel case in Oslo, Norway, where time series modelling was applied to local pore pressure data using the transfer function model framework. The input to the models was daily meteorological data considering precipitation and evapotranspiration, and the output was simulated pore pressure levels with impulse response functions. The models were optimised with data from before tunnel excavation, and simulations were run during the tunnel excavation period. Simulated pore pressure levels were compared with observed pore pressure levels to assess tunnelling-induced drawdown. Model uncertainty ranges were used to produce upper, lower, and best estimates of the drawdown. The findings show that time series modelling with transfer function models may be used in tunnel projects to continuously assess the impact on the local groundwater environment, for better evaluation of the pre-grouting performance, and for quantifying both the temporary and long-term drawdown with increased accuracy.
Secure outsourcing of manufacturing compliance checks
Authors: Triakosia Aikaterini , Rizomiliotis Panagiotis , Tonelli Cecilia , Federici Fabio , Senni Valerio
Published: September 2023

Compliance data consists of manufacturing quality measures collected in the production process. Quality checks are most of the times computationally expensive to perform, mainly due to the amount of collected data. Having trusted solutions for outsourcing analyses to the Cloud is an opportunity for reducing costs of operation. However, the adoption of the Cloud computation paradigm is delayed for the many security risks associated with it. In the use case we consider in this paper, compliance data is very sensitive, because it may contain IP-critical information, or it may be related to safety-critical operations or products. While the technological solutions that protect data in-transit or at rest have reached a satisfying level of maturity, there is a huge demand for securing data in-use. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is one of the main technological enablers for secure computation outsourcing. In the last decade, HE has reached maturity with remarkable pace. However, using HE is still far from being an automated process and each use case introduces different challenges. In this paper, we investigate application of HE to the described scenario. In particular, we redesign the compliance check algorithm to a HE-friendly equivalent. We propose efficient data input encoding that takes advantage of SIMD type of computations supported by the CKKS HE scheme. Moreover, we introduce security/performance trade-offs by proposing limited but acceptable information leakage. We have implemented our solution using SEAL HE library and evaluated our results in terms of time complexity and accuracy. Finally, we analyze the benefits and limitations of integration of a Trusted Execution Environment for secure execution of some computations that are overly expensive for the chosen HE scheme.
Supersolvability and nilpotency in terms of the commuting probability and the average character degree
Authors: Martínez Juan
Published: September 2023

Let p be a prime and let G be a finite group such that the smallest prime that divides |G| is p. We find sharp bounds, depending on p, for the commuting probability and the average character degree to guarantee that G is nilpotent or supersolvable.
A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study on Mental Health Recovery from a Lived Experience Perspective in Singapore
Authors: Kuek Jonathan Han Loong , Raeburn Toby , Chow Melissa Yan Zhi , Wand Timothy
Published: September 2023

More contemporary personal recovery conceptualisation of mental health recovery emphasize the need to consider the perspectives of people who experience mental ill-health. Most lived experience research has been done in Western cultures with relatively few studies in Asian ones, creating a gap that needs to be addressed due to differences in cultural worldviews. This study explores the notion of recovery from the lens of people experiencing mental health challenges in Singapore. We adopted a constructivist grounded theory perspective to evaluate qualitative data from 21 participants. The core category which best represented what recovery meant was “reconciling and living with experiences of mental ill-health”. Our findings suggest that a variety of societal aspects greatly influence perceptions of mental health recovery in Singapore, as participants often shared their desire to live a meaningful life within society but could only do so if they found a way to manage their symptoms more effectively.
Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Movement Opportunities in Toddler Education: Perceptions of Early Childhood Educators and Student Teachers
Authors: Martínez-Bello Vladimir E. , Vega-Perona Herminia , Robles-Galán Paula , Segura-Martínez Patricia , Bernabé-Villodre María del Mar
Published: September 2023

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions are considered contexts wherein physical activity (PA) can be effectively promoted. Some approaches have been used in the early childhood setting to identify how teachers incorporate movement opportunities into the ECEC curriculum. However, studies are still scarce regarding pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of structured and non-structured movement possibilities in toddler education (1–3 years old). Taking into account that working with toddlers requires specific training and sensitivity, the aim of the study was to assess ECEC educators’ and student teachers’ perceptions of what they know, how they transmit it, what kind of curricular practices they execute, and the didactic implications of movement opportunities in toddler education. This was an exploratory qualitative research study, in which open-ended, semi-structured qualitative interviews, plus qualitative content analysis of a written questionnaire, were conducted with 14 educators and 20 student teachers. Our results show that educators and students distinguish PCK in the different curricular practices related to movement, identifying differences between structured PA opportunities and free play opportunities. Educators and student teachers identified different sources of knowledge, barriers, and facilitators of structured movement opportunities in the ECEC toddler context, and they recognized that PA is important to young children’s development; however, little knowledge of PA guidelines to promote it was evident. Our findings contribute to understanding educators’ perceptions regarding movement as a curricular practice for children aged 1 to 3 years. Educators and public administration could find structured PA to be a complement to a harmonious development from a young age.
Prequestioning and Pretesting Effects: a Review of Empirical Research, Theoretical Perspectives, and Implications for Educational Practice
Authors: Pan Steven C. , Carpenter Shana K.
Published: September 2023

Testing students on information that they do not know might seem like a fruitless endeavor. After all, why give anyone a test that they are guaranteed to fail because they have not yet learned the material? Remarkably, a growing body of research indicates that such testing—formally known as prequestioning or pretesting—can benefit learning if there is an opportunity to study the correct answers afterwards. This prequestioning effect or pretesting effect has been successfully demonstrated with a variety of learning materials, despite many erroneous responses being generated on initial tests, and in conjunction with text materials, videos, lectures, and/or correct answer feedback. In this review, we summarize the emerging evidence for prequestioning and pretesting effects on memory and transfer of learning. Uses of pre-instruction testing in the classroom, theoretical explanations, and other considerations are addressed. The evidence to date indicates that prequestioning and pretesting can often enhance learning, but the extent of that enhancement may vary due to differences in procedure or how learning is assessed. The underlying cognitive mechanisms, which can be represented by a three-stage framework, appear to involve test-induced changes in subsequent learning behaviors and possibly other processes. Further research is needed to clarify moderating factors, theoretical issues, and best practices for educational applications.
Eikonal Quasinormal Modes, Photon Sphere and Shadow of a Charged Black Hole in the 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Authors: Ladino Jose Miguel , Larrañaga Eduard
Published: September 2023

In this work, we investigate the relationship between the geometrical properties, the photon sphere, the shadow, and the eikonal quasinormal modes of electrically charged black holes in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Quasinormal modes are complex frequency oscillations that are dependent on the geometry of spacetime and have significant applications in studying black hole properties and testing alternative theories of gravity. Here, we focus on the eikonal limit for high frequency quasinormal modes and their connection to the black holes geometric characteristics. To study the photon sphere, quasinormal modes, and black hole shadow, we employ various techniques such as the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method in various orders of approximation, the Poschl-Teller potential method, and Churilova’s analytical formulas. Our results indicate that the real part of the eikonal quasinormal mode frequencies of test fields are linked to the unstable circular null geodesic and are correlated with the shadow radius for a charged black hole in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Furthermore, we found that the real part of quasinormal modes, the photon sphere and shadow radius have a lower value for charged black holes in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity compared to black holes without electric charge and those of static black holes in general relativity. Additionally, we explore various analytical formulas for the photon spheres and shadows, and deduce an approximate formula for the shadow radius of charged black holes in 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, based on Churilova’s method and its connection with the eikonal quasinormal modes.
What is the Meaning of Paid Employment for Well-Being? A Focus Group Study on Differences and Similarities Between Autistic Adults With and Without Employment
Authors: Brouwers Evelien P. M. , Bergijk Michel , van Weeghel Jaap , Detaille Sarah , Dewinter Jeroen
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to explore the meaning of work for the subjective well-being of autistic adults with and without paid (competitive) employment and to evaluate the differences and similarities between these groups.

Methods

Eight focus groups were conducted, including a total of 64 autistic adults. Four groups entailed participants with current paid employment (including part-time) and four groups entailed participants without paid employment. All discussions were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim to enable inductive thematic content analysis. Data were analyzed using ATLAS.ti 9.

Results

Generally, both groups viewed paid employment as very important for well-being, albeit for different reasons. Three themes were found: (1) Not having paid employment was associated with lacking societal recognition, and subsequent low self-esteem, which was a dominant theme in those without work; (2) Work can seriously damage (mental) health and well-being, found in both groups; and (3) Paid employment provides many benefits for well-being, with subthemes: ‘purpose,’ ‘social contacts,’ ‘growth and use of talents,’ ‘structure and calmness,’ and ‘income and freedom’, which was a dominant theme in those with paid employment.

Conclusions

Both groups found paid employment highly important for their well-being, albeit for different reasons. However, both also agreed that paid employment can be very harmful to (mental) health and well-being. Suitable, well-supported jobs are important for well-being, may help to buffer stress in other life areas, and may even prevent autistic burnout. More studies are needed on how healthy jobs can be created where autistic individuals get positive energy and experience high well-being. This will also help to reduce socio-economic inequality.
Identifying bridges prone to instream wood accumulation: insights from bridges across the UK
Authors: Bangnira Francis , Marti-Cardona Belen , Imam Boulent , Ruiz-Villanueva Virginia
Published: September 2023

Accumulation of instream large wood (i.e., fallen trees, trunks, branches, and roots) at bridges during floods may exacerbate flooding, scour and cause structural failure. Yet, explaining and predicting the likelihood of a bridge trapping wood remains challenging. Quantitative data regarding wood accumulation at bridges are scarce, and most equations proposed to estimate the accumulation probability were derived from laboratory experiments, and include variables such as flow velocity, Froude number, and approaching wood volume or size which are difficult to obtain. Other evaluations based on technical reports and information regarding wood removal have been proposed but are mostly qualitative. Until now, a data-driven approach combining multiple quantitative accessible variables at the river reach and catchment scales remains lacking. As a result, the controlling parameters explaining whether a bridge is prone to trap wood are still unclear. This work aims to fill this gap by analysing a database of 49 bridges across the United Kingdom (UK) classified as prone and not prone to wood accumulation. The database contained information regarding the geometry of the bridge (i.e., number of piers and pier shape) and we added parameters describing the upstream river channel morphology, the riparian landcover, and high-flow characteristics. We applied multivariate statistics and a machine learning approach to identify the variables that explained and predicted the predisposition of bridges to wood accumulation. Results showed that the number of bridge piers, the unit stream power, the pier shape, and the riparian forested area explained 87% of the total variability for the training dataset (0.87 training accuracy), and the selected model had a testing accuracy of 0.60 (60%). Although limited by the sample size, this study sheds light on the identification of bridges prone to wood accumulation and can inform bridge design and management to mitigate wood-related hazards.
Intermediate activities while commuting
Authors: Giménez-Nadal José Ignacio , Molina José Alberto , Velilla Jorge
Published: September 2023

Recent analyses have shown that commutes to and from work are not symmetric, suggesting that intermediate activities are at the root of the asymmetries. However, to model how these activities accumulate and interact within trips to and from work is a methodologically unexplored issue. We analyze the intermediate activities done while commuting, using data from the American Time Use Survey for the period 2003–2019. We show that commuting as defined in Time Use Surveys is underestimated, with significant differences that depend on whether intermediate activities are considered. Such differences are especially important in commuting from work to home and reveal gender differences. Our results contribute to the analysis of commuting behavior by proposing new identification strategies based on intermediate non-trip episodes, and by showing how commuting interacts with other non-commuting activities. We also explore intermediate episodes during commuting, which may partially explain gender differences in commuting time.
Asymptotic expansion of an estimator for the Hurst coefficient
Authors: Mishura Yuliya , Yamagishi Hayate , Yoshida Nakahiro
Published: September 2023

Asymptotic expansion is presented for an estimator of the Hurst coefficient of a fractional Brownian motion. We first derive the expansion formula of the principal term of the error of the estimator using a recently developed theory of asymptotic expansion of the distribution of Wiener functionals, and utilize the perturbation method on the obtained formula in order to calculate the expansion of the estimator. We also discuss some second-order modifications of the estimator. Numerical results show that the asymptotic expansion attains higher accuracy than the normal approximation.
Augmented reality for sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: von Niederhäusern Peter A. , Seppi Carlo , Sandkühler Robin , Nicolas Guillaume , Haerle Stephan K. , Cattin Philippe C.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a well-established staging method. One variation is to inject a radioactive tracer near the primary tumor of the patient. After a few minutes, audio feedback from an external hand-held $$\gamma $$
γ
-detection probe can monitor the uptake into the lymphatic system. Such probes place a high cognitive load on the surgeon during the biopsy, as they require the simultaneous use of both hands and the skills necessary to correlate the audio signal with the location of tracer accumulation in the lymph nodes. Therefore, an augmented reality (AR) approach to directly visualize and thus discriminate nearby lymph nodes would greatly reduce the surgeons’ cognitive load.

Materials and methods

We present a proof of concept of an AR approach for sentinel lymph node biopsy by ex vivo experiments. The 3D position of the radioactive $$\gamma $$
γ
-sources is reconstructed from a single $$\gamma $$
γ
-image, acquired by a stationary table-attached multi-pinhole $$\gamma $$
γ
-detector. The position of the sources is then visualized using Microsoft’s HoloLens. We further investigate the performance of our SLNF algorithm for a single source, two sources, and two sources with a hot background.

Results

In our ex vivo experiments, a single $$\gamma $$
γ
-source and its AR representation show good correlation with known locations, with a maximum error of 4.47 mm. The SLNF algorithm performs well when only one source is reconstructed, with a maximum error of 7.77 mm. For the more challenging case to reconstruct two sources, the errors vary between 2.23 mm and 75.92 mm.

Conclusion

This proof of concept shows promising results in reconstructing and displaying one $$\gamma $$
γ
-source. Two simultaneously recorded sources are more challenging and require further algorithmic optimization.
Förderung und Prävention von seelischer Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden in der Gemeinde
Authors: Stiehl Simon , Omundo Jared , Kronmüller Klaus-Thomas , Zingsheim Andrea , Heiniger Sabine , Zuaboni Gianfranco , Schulz Michael
Published: September 2023

Hintergrund

Die Gesundheitsförderung und präventive Krisenprophylaxe sind fundamentaler Bestandteil derzeitiger Mental-Health-Strukturen. Recovery-Colleges, als Institutionen zur Förderung seelischer Gesundheit, leisten in Deutschland bereits einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur mentalen Gesundheitsförderung und individuellen Recovery. Mittlerweile hat sich aus einzelnen Projektstrukturen ein deutschlandweites Netzwerk gebildet.

Zielsetzung

Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem bisher noch nicht abgebildeten, aktuellen Umsetzungsstand der Etablierung und primären Verortung von Recovery-College-Strukturen (RC/EC) im deutschsprachigen Raum. Es werden grundlegende Aspekte, Inhalte und Strukturen zum Recovery-College-Konzept und dessen Herkunft aufgezeigt. Dabei werden unterschiedliche Projektmodelle, deren Ausprägungen und Besonderheiten betrachtet.

Material und Methoden

Aufbauend auf eine Literaturrecherche über die Plattform PubMed zum Thema Recovery-Colleges konnten mittels Online-Befragung über das deutsche RC-Netzwerk (RCN) 11 verschiedene College-Einrichtungen rekrutiert und befragt werden.

Ergebnisse

Die Auswertung zeigt, dass die College-Einrichtungen nach gleichen Prinzipien strukturiert sind, aber sich z. B. in ihrem Standort, ihrer Refinanzierung und in ihrem Leistungsspektrum an Kursangeboten unterscheiden können. Des Weiteren stehen College-Einrichtungen oft in direkter oder indirekter Verbindung zu professionellen Akteuren des Gesundheitswesens, haben aber auch Anbindungen zu gemeindenahen Einrichtungen, Lehreinrichtungen und Selbsthilfegruppen.

Schlussfolgerung

Letztlich bedarf es einer verstärkten Aufmerksamkeit, einer kontinuierlichen finanziellen Rahmensubventionierung und weiterer Erforschung, um eine recovery-orientierte Praxis mit dem College-Konzept in Deutschland zu etablieren.
SIRT3 Regulates the ROS-FPR1/HIF-1α Axis under Hypoxic Conditions to Influence Lung Cancer Progression
Authors: Huang Bo , Ding Jie , Guo HongRong , Wang HongJuan , Xu JianQun , Zheng Quan , Zhou LiJun
Published: September 2023

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) is a therapeutic target in lung cancer, and the deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is closely associated with tumorigenesis. Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is involved in a wide range of physiopathological processes in various tumor cells. We explored whether SIRT3 affects the development of lung cancer by regulating the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-FPR1/HIF-1α axis under hypoxic conditions. The effects of SIRT3 overexpression on the levels of FPR1, HIF-1α, ROS, inflammatory factors, and cell proliferation and migration in A549 cells under hypoxic conditions were assessed in combination with the FPR1 inhibitor. BALB/c nude mice were subcutaneously injected with cancer cells transfected/untransfected with SIRT3 overexpressing lentiviral vectors. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to detect SIRT3 expression and the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, respectively, in tumor tissues. Cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and ROS levels were significantly higher in the Hypoxia group than in the Control group. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT3 were significantly down-regulated, whereas they were significantly up-regulated for FPR1 and HIF-1α. In contrast, SIRT3 overexpression in a hypoxic environment inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and ROS levels, up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of SIRT3, and down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of FPR1 and HIF-1α. In addition, we found the same results in tumorigenic experiments in nude mice. SIRT3 in hypoxic environments may affect tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and inflammation levels via the ROS-FPR1/HIF-1α axis, thereby inhibiting tumor cell development.
Inorganic A-site cations improve the performance of band-edge carriers in lead halide perovskites
Authors: Wang Cheng , Rong Yaoguang , Wang Ti
Published: September 2023

In lead halide perovskites, organic A-site cations are generally introduced to fine-tune the properties. One of the questions under debate is whether organic A-site cations are essential for high-performance solar cells. In this study, we compare the band edge carrier dynamics and diffusion process in MAPbBr3 and CsPbBr3 single-crystal microplates. By transient absorption microscopy, the band-edge carrier diffusion constants are unraveled. With the replacement of inorganic A-site cations, the diffusion constant in CsPbBr3 increases almost 8 times compared to that in MAPbBr3. This work reveals that introducing inorganic A-site cations can lead to a much larger diffusion length and improve the performance of band-edge carriers.

Graphical Abstract
Community deception in directed influence networks
Authors: Madi Saif Aldeen , Pirrò Giuseppe
Published: September 2023

Community deception is about protecting users of a community from being discovered by community detection algorithms. This paper studies community deception in directed influence network (DIN). It aims to address the limitations of the state of the art through a twofold strategy: introducing directed influence and considering the role of nodes in the deception strategy. The study focuses on using modularity as the optimization function. It offers several contributions, including an upgraded version of modularity that accommodates the concept of influence, edge-based, and node-based deception algorithms.. The study concludes with a comparison of the proposed methods with the state of the art showing that not only influence is a valuable ingredient to devising deception strategies but also that novel deception approaches centered on node operations can be successfully devised.
Making Trust Safe for AI? Non-agential Trust as a Conceptual Engineering Problem
Authors: Viehoff Juri
Published: September 2023

Should we be worried that the concept of trust is increasingly used when we assess non-human agents and artefacts, say robots and AI systems? Whilst some authors have developed explanations of the concept of trust with a view to accounting for trust in AI systems and other non-agents, others have rejected the idea that we should extend trust in this way. The article advances this debate by bringing insights from conceptual engineering to bear on this issue. After setting up a target concept of trust in terms of four functional desiderata (trust-reliance distinction, explanatory strength, tracking affective responses, and accounting for distrust), I analyze how agential vs. non-agential accounts can satisfy these. A final section investigates how ‘non-ideal’ circumstances—that is, circumstances where the manifest and operative concept use diverge amongst concept users—affect our choice about which rendering of trust is to be preferred. I suggest that some prominent arguments against extending the language of trust to non-agents are not decisive and reflect on an important oversight in the current debate, namely a failure to address how narrower, agent-centred accounts curtail our ability to distrust non-agents.
Der Antichrist als Zerstörer des christlichen Abendlandes: Antisemitische Motive der apokalyptischen Krisendeutung in der extremen Rechten
Authors: Probst Hans-Ulrich
Published: September 2023

Der Niedergang des Abendlandes und der eigenen Nation ist (auch historisch) innerhalb des Rechtsextremismus und der Neuen Rechten ein zentrales Narrativ des Kulturpessimismus. Durch Dynamiken der liberalen Moderne geht eine als stabil angenommene Identität Deutschlands bzw. Europas verloren. Vom Niedergang einer christlichen Identität Europas bzw. vom Tod des deutschen Volkes handeln die in dieser Untersuchung analysierten Beiträge aus dem Kontext der Neuen Rechten. Hierbei werden apokalyptische Deutungen aufgegriffen, die das Ende des Christentums u. a. mit der „Islamisierung“ begründen. Neben der wissenssoziologisch-rekonstruktiven Analyse dieser apokalyptischen Deutungen legt der Beitrag jedoch einen weitergehenden Fokus: So wird der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern sich antisemitische Motive in diesen apokalyptischen Deutungen wiederfinden. Zunächst werden Grundformen der modernen Apokalyptik dargestellt und in Bezug auf unterschiedliche antisemitismustheoretische Aspekte gesetzt. Die Analyse der hier angeführten Texte legt unterschiedliche apokalyptische Geschichtsdeutungen offen: So zeigen sich sowohl Formen einer inversen Apokalypse, durch die ein zukünftiger Heilszustand in eine erstrebenswerte Vergangenheit verlegt wird, als auch christlich-eschatologische Hoffnungen auf das Eingreifen Gottes in die Geschichte. Trotz dieser unterschiedlicher apokalyptischer Deutungsmuster unterscheiden sich die drei Texte jedoch nicht in ihrer Affinität zu antisemitisch geprägten Semantiken und ebenso antisemitisch grundierten Verschwörungsnarrativen.
Theory, Measurement, and Psychometric Properties of Risk and Protective Factors for Drug Misuse Among Adolescents Living on or near the Cherokee Nation Reservation
Authors: Livingston Melvin D. , Barry Caroline M. , Jagtiani Ashna , Kominsky Terrence K. , Skinner Juli R. , Livingston Bethany J. , Harmon Megan , Ivanich Emily A. , Cooper Hannah L.F. , Wagenaar Alexander C. , Komro Kelli A.
Published: September 2023

A team of tribe-based behavioral health specialists and university-based researchers partnered to implement a cluster randomized trial for the prevention of drug misuse among adolescents attending public high schools on or near the Cherokee Nation Reservation in northeastern Oklahoma. The conceptual framework, which guided intervention and measurement design for the trial, incorporates indigenous knowledge and worldviews with empirically-based frameworks and evidence-based practices. Our goal is to serve multicultural youth, families, and schools and to provide a model of effective strategies for wide dissemination. This paper presents the conceptual model, survey design, and psychometric properties of scales to measure risk and protective factors for substance misuse. The survey includes common measures drawn from the PhenX Toolkit on substance use patterns—adolescent module, measured with standard items from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study and items harmonized across ten NIH-funded research projects with diverse samples of youth. In our trial, brief (20-minute) self-report questionnaires were administered to 10th grade students in fall 2021 (n = 919, 87% response rate) and spring 2022 (n = 929, 89% response rate) in 20 participating high schools on or near the Cherokee Nation Reservation. The sample primarily fell into the following three categories of race/ethnicity identification: only American Indian (AI-only, 29%), AI and another race/ethnicity (AI+, 27%), and only White (35%). Results indicate that risk and protective factor scales were reliably and validly measured with 10 scales and 10 subscales. There were minimal differences between youth who identified as AI only, AI+, and White only, especially for the main scales, which provide confidence in the interpretation of trial outcomes across demographic groups. Study results may not be generalizable to AI/AN youth who live and attend school in more homogenous reservation lands, or alternatively, live in large diverse metropolitan areas.
Time of application and cultivar influence on the effectiveness of microalgae biomass upon winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Mutum Lamnganbi , Solomon Wogene , Janda Tibor , Molnár Zoltán
Published: September 2023

The capability of microalgae had been studied for a long time; however, some basics of using microalgae as a biostimulant are still in question. In the present work, experiments were conducted to reply to questions such as (a) how does the application time affect the effects of microalgae treatments and (b) does variety or genetic variation cause differences in the effect of microalgae biomass application on the plants? The different times of application had different weightage on different parameters; however, when applied at the early reproductive stage the yield as well as the nitrogen % in grain was significantly affected. As per the comparison, the result suggested that varietal differences had negligible differences in biological yield, hexose content, and total phenol content. Furthermore, microalgae biomass treatment irrespective of the strain species or genus influences the biological photosynthate accumulation and nitrogen uptake or in short, the efficiency of uptake. Finally, the metabolomic analyses suggested the influence of the microalgae strains on the biochemical composition of the plants.
Considerateness Differentiated: Three Types of Virtuousness
Authors: KRISTJÁNSSON KRISTJÁN
Published: September 2023

Despite the prevalence of the virtue of considerateness in everyday moral discourse and the proliferation of philosophical studies of virtue language, considerateness hardly ever appears on philosophical agendas. When discussed in academia, its meaning seems fuzzy and unclear. This article makes amends for this gap by subjecting considerateness to conceptual scrutiny. The author argues that considerateness designates a cluster concept, encompassing three types of virtuousness that share a family resemblance only. One is a hybrid civic-moral social-glue virtue, extensionally equivalent to Aristotle's virtue of agreeableness. The second is an intellectual virtue of phronetic consideration (moral sensitivity and integration). The third is a full-fledged discrete moral virtue with standard Aristotelian features of a golden-mean structure and an emotional component as a motivator. The advantages of identifying these three types of virtuousness are elicited, as are some of the educational ramifications of analyzing the differentia of considerateness in this way.
(Far) beyond smart specialisation to the foundational economy in Australia?
Authors: Rainnie Al
Published: September 2023

The concept of Smart Specialisation (S3) as a foundation of regional development has spread far beyond the European Union. In Australia, S3 appeared first in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales, but was applied in its most developed form in the Gippsland region of Victoria. Despite its growing influence, S3 has come in for criticism. In this article, we look at the way that the Foundational Economy (FE) and the related concept of Deep Place (DP) analysis have been promoted as potential answers to these limitations. I question how far FE and DP should be seen as an extension of or an alternative to S3. I look to more extensive approaches that have been put forward.
Impact factor and future directions for the Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine
Authors: Lyne John , Doherty Anne M. , Hallahan Brian
Published: September 2023

Impact factor (IF) is a concept dating back over half a century, created to evaluate the impact of a journal within a particular scientific field. In spite of limitations, IF remains a widely used metric for journals to establish the average number of citations for articles published in a journal. The Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine (IJPM) recently received an IF of 5.1, the first IF for the journal. We believe that this is a reflection of the hard work and dedication of our authors, reviewers, publishers and editorial board. The IJPM is the official research journal of the College of Psychiatrists of Ireland, and while psychiatry is the primary discipline of the journal, the current multidisciplinary approach will continue into the future. The journal has a strong Irish and international readership; while the journal will continue to publish research with an Irish focus, the editorial team are aware of the importance of ongoing global contributions to ensure the journal maintains high-quality publications of an international standard. This is an exciting time to be involved in mental health research, and the journal will continue to publish cutting edge themes with the goal of improving mental healthcare in Ireland and beyond.
Communicating science, mediating presence: reflections on the present, past and future of conferencing
Authors: Bigg Charlotte
Published: September 2023

The move online of almost all meetings in 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic threw into sharp relief the taken-for-granted centrality of conferences within scientific culture. While its impact on science has yet to be fully grasped, for the authors of this special issue, this situation held heuristic power for understanding the meanings and functions, now and historically, of international scientific conferencing. Ongoing discussions in the academic world about the pros and cons of virtual meetings bring out the central place of presence in these events and its mediation across space and time by modern infrastructures and technologies. From their rise in the mid-nineteenth century to the experiences of the present day, as well as in imagined futures, international conferences have been about communication. Following James Carey, they can be considered both as places for sharing knowledge and as rituals aimed at fostering and performing communities.
Effects of different diets on Aedes aegypti adults: improving rearing techniques for sterile insect technique
Authors: Barbosa Aynoanne Leandro , Gois Glayciane Costa , dos Santos Verenna Barros , Pinto Aline Taiane de Macedo , de Castro Andrade Bianca Pires , de Souza Lucas Barbosa , Almeida e Sá Fernanda Hohana , Virginio Jair Fernandes , Queiroz Mário Adriano Ávila
Published: September 2023

The aim was to evaluate the effect of different energy diets available in adulthood on the longevity, dispersal capacity and sexual performance of Aedes aegypti produced under a mass-rearing system. To evaluate the effects of diets in relation to the survival of the adult male insects of Ae. aegypti, six treatments were used: sucrose at a concentration of 10%, as a positive control (sack10); starvation, as a negative control (starvation); sucrose at a concentration of 20% associated with 1 g/l of ascorbic acid (sac20vitC); wild honey in a concentration of 10% (honey10); demerara sugar in a 10% concentration (demerara10); and sucrose at a concentration of 20% associated with 1 g/l of ascorbic acid and 0.5 g/l of amino acid proline (sac20vitCPr). Each treatment had 16 cages containing 50 adult males. For the tests of flight ability and propensity to copulation, five treatments were used (saca10; sac20vitC; mel10; demerara10; and sac20vitCPr), with males each for flight ability and females copulated by a single male for copulation propensity. The diet composed of sucrose at a concentration of 20% associated with ascorbic acid, as an antioxidant, improved the survival, flight ability and propensity to copulate in Ae. aegypti males under mass-rearing conditions, and may be useful to enhance the performance of sterile males, thus improving the success of sterile insect technique programmes.
The point of death: Religious conversion and the self in South India
Authors: Menon Nandagopal R.
Published: September 2023

To explore the importance of death and the dead to the study of religious conversion, this article adopts an ethnographic and comparative approach to the lives and deaths of two male Muslim converts in the southwest Indian state of Kerala. Paying attention to the treatment of their dead bodies, which were donated and cremated, contrary to their wishes for an Islamic funeral, and the problematization of their proper names, it is argued that death is the point at which selves are made/remade. Death provides the opportunity for the dead, their kin, friends, and state institutions to make claims about religious identities and familial relations. I conclude that these multiple and often contradictory stances converted the dead into religiously indeterminate figures, though their belonging to their kin was successfully established.
Fontan surgery failure: risk factors and experience in a Colombian reference centre
Authors: Sánchez-Escobar Isabel C. , Aranzazu-Ceballos Andrés D. , Pérez Luz E. , Guzmán Mónica I.
Published: September 2023

Background:

The Fontan procedure is considered one of the most remarkable achievements in paediatric cardiology and cardiac surgery. Its final anatomical objective is a venous return through the superior and inferior vena cava. The complications inherent to this procedure and subsequent failure are its limitations.

Objective:

To describe the clinical and haemodynamic characteristics of patients with Fontan failure and define the risk factors associated with it, with its short- and long-term outcomes during a 21-year observation period.

Methods:

This is a retrospective follow-up study in which 15 patients diagnosed with Fontan failure in the single-ventricle programme of a high-complexity hospital in Medellín, Colombia, between 2001 and 2022 were included.

Results:

One hundred and eight patients were identified in whom the Fontan procedure was performed, and 17 met the failure criteria. 82.4% were men, with a median age of 4.3 years. Ebstein’s anomaly was the most common diagnosis, 29.4%. All patients underwent Fontan with an extracardiac tube following the procedure. According to the type of failure, 58.8% of patients presented protein-losing enteropathy and 17.6% plastic bronchitis. During follow-up, 5.9% of patients died.

Conclusion:

Fontan surgery in our centre is an option for patients with univentricular physiology. The correct selection of the patient is essential to mitigate failure risks.
Reflections on an Institutional Journey Toward Enhancing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Political Science
Authors: Mitra Ankushi , Kapiszewski Diana , Kleinpaste Thijs , Smith Lahra
Published: September 2023

As the political and social challenges facing the world multiply, the discipline of political science requires better tools and creative approaches advanced by a more diverse set of researchers. Yet the discipline has struggled to recruit and admit to graduate programs, and retain as faculty, women and underrepresented minorities. Many individual faculty, departments, and universities have developed innovative programs and sought to create structural changes to address these gaps. This article presents the approach taken by the Department of Government at Georgetown University: launching a week-long Political Science Predoctoral Summer Institute in 2022. We describe the Institute’s contours and structure, provide preliminary data on outcomes, and conclude by offering three ideas for expanding and advancing these types of initiatives across the discipline.
Pollen quantity, but not grain size, is correlated with floret size in cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L.
Authors: Prasifka Jarrad R. , Portlas Zoe M. , Hulke Brent S.
Published: September 2023

Cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) pollen helps attract wild and managed bees needed to produce hybrid seed. Pollen quantity and grain size (≈quality) are affected by the environment, but are also heritable traits of interest for breeding. Florets from public inbred B-lines (maintainer) and R-lines (restorer) were used to evaluate pollen quantity and quality, test for trait correlations and determine if line development has changed pollen traits. Pollen quantity (≈25,000–67,000 grains per floret) and diameter (≈30–37 μm) were similar to previous reports and values of each parameter were correlated across years. Pollen quantity per floret was positively correlated with floret size (area; mm2) but floret sizes and pollen quantity were unrelated to pollen grain size. Groups of lines released relatively early (1968–1986) or late (1988–2006) did not differ in pollen quantity or size, and male (R-line) parents did not produce larger grains. The strong, positive correlation between floret size and pollen quantity reveals a possible trade-off because wild bees generally prefer sunflowers with shallower florets. The apparent lack of change in pollen quantity or pollen grain size over time (and lack of increased pollen size in R-lines relative to B-lines) suggests that the quantity and quality of pollen may not be limiting factors in the success of inbred lines or resulting hybrids. Though sunflower lines with larger florets contain more pollen, additional variation in pollen visible on sunflower heads may relate to the timing or completeness of pollen extrusion from anther tubes.
‘Place’ does matter for populist radical right sentiment, but how? Evidence from Germany
Authors: Arzheimer Kai , Bernemann Theresa
Published: September 2023

The notion of ‘place’ has become a central concern in research on the populist radical right (PRR), but scholars seem to have different things in mind when talking about how geography affects individual political attitudes. In our paper, we therefore aim to structure the debate on the impact of place and to understand exactly how place affects PRR attitudes (nativism, right-wing authoritarianism, and populism). Conceptually, we identify four potentially relevant aspects of ‘place’ that underpin much of the current literature: place-related attitudes (localism and resentment), place-specific living conditions, socio-demographic composition, and characteristics unique to a particular place, i.e., its local history and culture. We also discuss how these aspects are related and how they may interact. Empirically, we assess the relative importance of these four aspects of place for PRR sentiment in Germany, a country that is particularly well suited to this type of analysis. Using fine-grained geocoded survey data collected prior to the 2017 election, we find that (1) there is considerable spatial variation and clustering in PRR attitudes, (2) a place’s socio-demographic composition and (3) place resentment account for much of this, while (4) localism has weaker effects. We find (5) no relevant interaction between localism and place resentment, (6) no substantial evidence that mediation through place-related attitudes leads to an underestimation of the other aspects, and (7) no evidence for effects of the unique culture or history of the places we studied. Moreover, (8) location in the former GDR still has a substantial impact, whereas (9) other place-specific conditions (deprivation, demographic decline, migration, rurality) that could be addressed by policy interventions have no or rather weak effects. We conclude that PRR sentiment in ‘places that don’t matter’ results also, though by no means exclusively, from a lack of recognition.
Evaluation of goosegrass response to combinations of topramezone and chlorothalonil
Authors: Peppers John M. , Elmore Matthew T. , Askew Shawn D.
Published: September 2023

Few herbicides are registered for goosegrass control in creeping bentgrass turfgrass. Topramezone controls goosegrass and is labeled for use on creeping bentgrass, but potential injury risks lead many turf managers to frequently apply it at a low-dose. This application practice increases the likelihood that topramezone treatments will be mixed with fungicide treatments. Previous research found that fungicides can reduce the activity of some herbicides, but their effects on topramezone efficacy are unknown. Four studies were established between Blacksburg, VA, and North Brunswick, NJ, in 2021 to determine whether chlorothalonil reduces goosegrass control from topramezone. In controlled environment dose-response studies the amount of topramezone needed to reduce goosegrass biomass by 50% increased from 3.04 g ha−1 to 5.27 g ha−1 when chlorothalonil (7,400 g ha−1) was added to the mixture. In field experiments, topramezone at 3.7 and 6.1 g ha−1 controlled goosegrass by 50% and 63%, respectively, at 42 d after treatment when averaged across herbicide admixtures. The addition of chlorothalonil alone and chlorothalonil plus acibenzolar-S-methyl to topramezone reduced goosegrass control from 73% to 52% and 45%, respectively, when averaged across topramezone rate. From these studies we can conclude that chlorothalonil has the potential to reduce goosegrass control when topramezone is applied at the maximum allowable rate (6 g ae ha−1) or less. This is the first report of fungicides acting to reduce herbicidal weed control efficacy in turfgrass systems.