bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Service-Learning as a Catalyst for Community Change: An Empirical Examination Measuring the Benefits of a Life Skills Curriculum in Local At-Risk High Schools
Authors: Helm-Stevens Roxanne , Dickerson Mark , Fall Randy
Published: February 2019

This research attempts to measure the impact of service-learning on community recipients – at-risk high school students in urban Southern California. The service-learning project, an integrative, six-week assignment, involves upper-division business majors delivering the Options: Business Education and Life Skills curriculum to at-risk students in two local alternative education high schools. In addition to delivering business education and life skills, a critical design component of the curriculum is the opportunity for college students to be role models and provide mentoring guidance to at-risk high school students. This study used surveys to gather data on student perceptions of four constructs: (1) strengths and values, (2) school and work-related skills, (3) business etiquette and resume building, and (4) future life and career planning. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered to gauge differences in perception during the six-week service-learning project. Results indicated positive effects of the service-learning curriculum overall. Further, the data revealed statistically significant results with particularly noteworthy outcomes in the planning for the future and preparing for the world of work responses.
Alveolar Osteitis Following Tooth Extraction: Systematic Review and Google Trends Analysis Instigated by the First Upper Premolar Case Reported from Iraq
Authors: Al-Imam Ahmed , Al-Khazraji Amer
Published: February 2019

Introduction： Alveolar osteitis is a painful condition that may occur following permanent teeth extraction due to the failure of formation of a blood clot or its dislodgement before the complete healing of the wound. We aim to provide a systematic review and trends analytic on the epidemiology and the digital epidemiology as well as the management of alveolar osteitis and to seek any available data in connection with alveolar osteitis following upper premolar tooth extraction. Methods： This study represents a combinatory of literature review, analytics of Google Trends, and the first documented case from Iraq of alveolar osteitis following extraction of the maxillary first premolar. Three literature databases were explored, using Boolean operators, including NCBI-PubMed, Elsevier, and the Cochrane Library. Google Trends database was examined to assess the digital epidemiology. Results：The total number of hits was 54417. There was an overall deficit of literature concerning the condition in connection with the extraction of maxillary premolars. The digital epidemiology was limited to twenty-two countries including three countries from the Middle East accounting for 13.63% of the total geographic mapping while Iraq was absent. Conclusion：Our exceptional case report instigated a systematic analytic of a trends database and the literature. The analysis confirmed the inadequacy of studies from the Middle East. Future studies should deploy the use of machine learning algorithms for a rigour statistical inference based on data from online and offline big data repositories of public health records.

 
Resilience a potraumatyczny wzrost u matek dzieci z niepełnosprawnością
Authors: Byra Stanisława , Parchomiuk Monika
Published: February 2019

Przedmiotem opracowania są pozytywne aspekty funkcjonowania matek dzieci z niepełno¬sprawnością, nawiązujące do współczesnych tendencji badawczych wskazujących na wielora¬kość rodzicielskich doświadczeń przystosowawczych. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań własnych, których celem było ustalenie powiązań między resilience i pozytywnymi zmianami składającymi się na potraumatyczny wzrost u matek wychowujących dzieci z niepełnosprawnością. W analizie relacji między tymi zmiennymi uwzględniono mediującą rolę przekonań na temat świata, własnej skuteczności i przyszłości oraz kompetencji temporalnych. W badaniach wzięło udział 97 matek dzieci z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną, ruchową oraz zaburzeniami autystycznymi. Wykorzystano narzędzia: Inwentarz Potraumatycznego Rozwoju, Skalę Pomiaru Prężności, Kwestionariusz Nadziei Podstawowej, Skalę Uogólnionej Własnej Skuteczności, Test Orientacji Życiowej oraz Kwestionariusz Kompetencji Temporalnych. Stwierdzono pozytywny związek między resilience a wzrostem potraumatycznym. Ustalono ponadto istotny statystycznie efekt mediacyjny w przypadku przekonań na temat własnej skuteczności oraz nadziei podstawowej, a także wybranych aspektów składających się na kompetencje temporalne. Nie potwierdzono mediującej roli zmiennej optymizmu dyspozycyjnego.
The Use of Virtual Reality Resources to Increase Safety in the Training of Fire and Rescue Corps Units
Authors: Vacková Martina , Lošonczi Peter , Drotárová Jozefína , Kováčová Lucia
Published: February 2019

The work of fire departments is influenced by various factors that bring risks. The security of fire fighters is the most important thing when performing their job. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure their security by identifying risks and eliminating them in advance. Virtual reality resources help to increase the safety of firefighters during professional training activities. These activities are conducted with the usage of simulators, practical exercises and simulations; however, these exercises can only partly get them closer to reality. We claim that virtual reality is a huge aid for firefighters, and that by using this tool, efficient protection of life and health as well as property can be provided. The submitted article discusses the current state of virtual reality resources and their use in the professional training of fire brigades and rescue units. It also discusses the benefits of virtual reality use.
Validation of exercise-response genes in skeletal muscle cells of Thoroughbred racing horses
Authors: Kim Doh Hoon , Lee Hyo Gun , Sp Nipin , Kang Dong Young , Jang Kyoung-Jin , Lee Hak Kyo , Cho Byung-Wook , Yang Young Mok
Published: February 2019

Objective: To understand the athletic characteristics of Thoroughbreds, high-throughput analysis has been conducted using horse muscle tissue. However, an in vitro system has been lacking for studying and validating genes from in silico data. The aim of this study is to validate genes from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of our previous RNA-sequencing data in vitro. Also, we investigated the effects of exercise-induced stress including heat, oxidative, hypoxic and cortisol stress on horse skeletal muscle derived cells with the top six upregulated genes of DEGs.Methods: Enriched pathway analysis was conducted using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tool with upregulated genes in horse skeletal muscle tissue after exercise. Among the candidates, the top six genes were analysed through geneMANIA to investigate gene networks. Muscle cells derived from neonatal horse skeletal tissue were maintained and subjected to exercise-related stressors. Transcriptional changes in the top six genes followed by stressors were investigated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).Results: The inflammation response pathway was the most commonly upregulated pathway after horse exercise. Under non-cytotoxic conditions of exercise-related stressors, the transcriptional response of the top six genes was different among types of stress. Oxidative stress yielded the most similar expression pattern to DEGs.Conclusion: Our results indicate that transcriptional change after horse exercise in skeletal muscle tissue strongly relates to stress response. The qRT-PCR results showed that stressors contribute differently to the transcriptional regulation. These results would be valuable information to understand horse exercise in the stress aspect.
Efficient Computation on Prediction of Welding Residual Stress of a Large and Complex Offshore Structure
Authors: Zhao Hongquan , Yang Jiawei , Zou Jiasheng , Liu Chuan
Published: February 2019

A mock-up of an offshore structure was prepared by multi-pass welding of several components with different thicknesses, different materials, different grooves, and ultra-long welding lengths. It may be very time consuming to obtain the stress distribution of the mock-up with conventional thermal elastic-plastic (TEP) computational methods. An efficient computation method, i.e. the model separation and stress assembly method, was proposed in the present study to obtain the stress distribution of the mock-up within an acceptable time. The full finite element (FE) model with solid elements was first created and separated into two independent parts, and the stress distribution in each part was obtained by using the TEP FE method. Finally, the full stress distribution in the mock-up was obtained by assembling the stress distributions from each part. The computed results show that the predicted stresses of the mock-up agree with the measured data obtained by using the hole-drilling method and x-ray diffraction method. Therefore, the proposed efficient method for stress simulation in large and complex structures can guarantee the simulation accuracy within an acceptable computation time on a common computer workstation.

1. Introduction

Because of the intense concentration of heating during fusion welding, the welding seam and its vicinity undergo rapid heating and cooling, generating residual stress in the joint. Welding residual stress can be detrimental to the structure's performance because of fatigue, creep, and plastic collapse (Withers 2007). In addition, it can induce stress corrosion cracking (Dong et al. 1997). Therefore, investigation of welding residual stress distribution is very important to facilitate the structure design and life evaluation of welded structures.

The experimental measurement of residual stress has practical limitations. For large and complex structures such as offshore components, it is impossible to obtain the full residual stress distribution from experiments. The finite element (FE) numerical simulation of the welding process can measure the full stress distribution during the welding process with the advantages of being economical, nondestructive, and repeatabile. Therefore, it has been widely applied in many industrial fields to investigate the mechanisms of welding processes, stress and distortion characteristics, and the service life of welded structures (Lindgren 2006).
Marcha de absorção, taxa de acúmulo e exportação de micronutrientes e alumínio pelo tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Cremonesi Marcus Vinicius , Ramalho Bruna , Golfetto Priscila , Krepki Luis Sergio , Pauletti Volnei
Published: February 2019

O conhecimento da demanda e partição nutricional durante o ciclo pode contribuir significativamente para o manejo adequado da cultura. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar o acúmulo de massa, taxas de absorção e particionamento dos micronutrientes ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), boro (B), zinco (Zn) e cobre (Cu), além do alumínio (Al), no tabaco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), utilizando uma variedade amplamente cultivada no sul do Brasil. O trabalho foi conduzido em propriedade particular produtora de tabaco localizada no município de Irati, PR, com delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os tratamentos se constituíram de dez épocas de coleta de plantas, em intervalos de 15 dias. Foram avaliados a massa de matéria seca, conteúdo e taxas de acúmulo diárias dos micronutrientes e Al no caule e folhas da planta. Verificou-se que o máximo acúmulo de matéria seca foi próximo aos 68 dias, após o transplantio (DAT), e o pico de acúmulo para a maioria dos micronutrientes ocorreu a partir dos 105 DAT. A ordem de acúmulo de micronutrientes para o tabaco foi Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu com os valores máximos obtidos aos 105, 135, 135, 135 e 110 DAT, respectivamente, onde mais de 60% dos micronutrientes absorvidos foram depositados nas folhas. O acúmulo de Al foi de 36 kg ha-1, com 98,2% depositado nas folhas.
Componentes produtivos do trigo em função da temperatura no período de diferenciação de espiguetas
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Curitibanos., Fioreze Samuel Luiz , Vacari Jonathan , Michelon Luiz Henrique , Drun Robson Pelissari , Turek Thais Lemos ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, SC
Published: February 2019

Um fator limitante para a expansão tritícola no Cerrado brasileiro ou para o cultivo em safrinha é a ocorrência de altas temperaturas no decorrer do ciclo da cultura. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da temperatura durante o estádio de diferenciação de espiguetas sobre parâmetros biométricos e componentes produtivos de cultivares de trigo. O experimento foi conduzido em cultivo protegido com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, com quatro repetições. Dois regimes de temperatura diurna e noturna (16/9 ˚C e 25/16 ˚C) foram utilizados em quatro cultivares de trigo (BRS 394, BRS 331, BRS Parrudo e BRS Guamirim) durante o período de diferenciação das espiguetas. Os componentes de produção foram avaliados em perfilhos individuais e na planta inteira. Os regimes de temperatura testados não afetam os componentes de rendimento da cultura, tampouco a uniformidade morfológica e produtiva dos perfilhos, parâmetros que apresentaram grande variação entre as cultivares testadas.
Desenvolvimento inicial de espécies arbóreas em sistemas agroflorestais no Baixo Amazonas, Pará, Brasil
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Rayol Breno Pinto , Alvino-Rayol Fabrízia de Oliveira ,   Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Pará
Published: February 2019

Estudos sobre o desenvolvimento inicial de espécies arbóreas em sistemas agroflorestais são importantes, pois fornecem subsídios para o manejo desses agroecossistemas. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar a sobrevivência e o crescimento em altura de mudas de espécies arbóreas em sistemas agroflorestais amazônicos submetidos a diferentes formas de preparo da área e manejo. O experimento foi conduzido em dois sistemas agroflorestais (sucessional e consórcio agroflorestal) localizados no Baixo Amazonas, oeste do estado do Pará. No consórcio agroflorestal comercial, a taxa de sobrevivência das espécies não ultrapassou o valor de 70%. No sistema sucessional a taxa de sobrevivência das espécies arbóreas implantadas foi alta com a maioria variando entre 90 a 100%. O estresse hídrico nos períodos mais secos do ano é um fator limitante na adoção de sistemas agroflorestais na região causando mortalidade das mudas. Quanto ao crescimento em altura, as espécies avaliadas obtiveram desempenhos satisfatórios em ambos os sistemas.
Pulverização pneumática eletrostática em videiras ‘Niágara Branca’ e ‘Rosada’
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Stawniczyi Tiago Jose Reis , Lima Cláudia Simone Madruga , Trevisan Fernando , Pinto Vânia Zanella
Published: February 2019

O cultivo de videira é alvo de diversos agentes patogênicos, como os fungos, para controle geralmente são utilizados fungicidas sintéticos, então pesquisas tem testado métodos para diminuir o volume de defensivos agrícolas para reduzir problemas como fitotoxidez, custos e danos ambientais. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar o efeito da pulverização pneumática eletrostática em videiras cultivares Niágara Branca e Rosada em Laranjeiras do Sul, PR. Realizou-se tratamento fungicida em cultivares de videira (Niágara Branca e Rosada), aplicando-os com carga presente e ausente. Foi avaliado o volume de calda de aplicação, cobertura da calda, severidade de doenças nas plantas e cachos, número de cachos e de cachos com lesões por planta, número de bagas por cacho, comprimento e diâmetro de cacho, massa fresca, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, coloração da epiderme do fruto, compostos fenólicos totais, antocianinas totais, perda de massa e a determinação da aparência. O delineamento foi em blocos inteiramente casualizados, para variáveis respostas de campo e caracterização físico-química e fitoquímica das frutas, constou de dois fatores (2x2), um fator carga e outro cultivar. Para as variáveis perda de massa e determinação da aparência o esquema fatorial foi 2x2x5, sendo um fator carga, cultivar de Niágara e períodos de armazenamento (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 dias). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, quando significativos, comparados pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05) através do software estatístico Assistat. Diferentes cultivares apresentaram massa dos frutos afetadas de maneiras distintas, assim como a aparência dos frutos, de acordo com os períodos de armazenagem avaliados. A pulverização com presença de carga atuou na coloração da epiderme e comprimento de cacho na ‘Niágara Branca’, também promoveu maior teor de antocianinas e resultou em menor volume de calda aplicado com cobertura indiferente, portanto a pulverização eletrostática demonstrou efeito na aplicação.
Avaliação da qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de mel comercializado
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Ribeiro Rayanne , Starikoff Karina Ramirez
Published: February 2019

O mel é um produto naturalmente produzido por abelhas e, devido a sua composição, possui sabor característico e alto valor nutritivo. Seu uso é relatado desde a antiguidade e, a cada dia ganha novos mercados consumidores. A exigência por produtos de qualidade disponíveis ao consumo humano reflete a necessidade de uma maior fiscalização durante o processo de produção. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de 22 amostras de méis com registro de inspeção e de comércio informal, de diferentes municípios da região Sul do Brasil. Foram analisados os parâmetros: acidez total, pH, hidroximetilfurfural, sólidos insolúveis, atividade diastásica, reações de Fiehe, Lugol, Lund e a presença de bolores e leveduras. Quanto às características físico-químicas, 54,54% das amostras apresentaram alguma inconformidade com os parâmetros estabelecidos pela legislação. Apesar da legislação não fazer exigências quanto à realização de análises microbiológicas, 45,45% das amostras apresentaram a presença de bolor e levedura.
Variabilidade espacial da emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade do solo em área de pastagem na região Amazônica, Brasil
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Silva Diogo André Pinheiro da , Mantovanelli Bruno Campos ,   Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santos Luís Antônio Coutrim dos , Campos Milton César Costa ,   Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Soares Marcelo Dayron Rodrigues , Cunha José Mauricio da
Published: February 2019

O conhecimento da distribuição espacial da temperatura, umidade do solo e emissão de CO2 é fundamental para entender o solo como fonte ou dreno de CO2, pois as alterações quanto ao uso e manejo influenciam esta dinâmica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar, a temperatura, umidade do solo e emissão de CO2 em uma área sob pastagem na região de Humaitá, AM. Demarcou-se uma área de 70 x 70 m, com espaçamento regular de 10 m, totalizando 64 pontos, as medições foram realizadas no período chuvoso e seco. Emissão de CO2 e a temperatura do solo foram registradas utilizando-se de câmara de fluxo portátil e sensor de temperatura do sistema LI-COR (LI-8100). A umidade foi avaliada utilizando sistema portátil TDR, em seguida foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e geoestatísticas. A área de pastagem apresentou maior emissão de CO2 do solo no primeiro período de coleta, caracterizado como período chuvoso. Variações espaciais da emissão de CO2 estão intimamente relacionadas com as variáveis climáticas entre os períodos seco e chuvoso.
Algunes dades sobre la influència de les proses mitològiques de Corella a les «Transformacions» de Francesc Alegre
Authors: Pellissa Prades Gemma
Published: February 2019

A través d’una comparació entre les proses mitològiques de Corella i les Transformacions de Francesc Alegre l’autora mostra que Alegre utilitza materials provinents de les Lamentacions i del Parlament en casa de Berenguer Mercader de Joan Roís de Corella per a la traducció catalana medieval de les Metamorfosis d’Ovidi, escrita entre 1472 i 1482, aproximadament. Així mateix, s’apunten indicis pel que fa a la influència del Raonament de Telamó i Ulisses a les Transformacions. Així, malgrat que Alegre parteix del poema llatí, completa la traducció amb la integració  d’altres fonts que decideix no explicitar (Bonsignori, Corella). Finalment, es detecta un indici que apuntaria al fet que Corella pogués haver consultat l’adaptació italiana de Bonsignori o una versió d’Ovidi que en depengués.
La posició dels clítics i de les marques de negació pressuposicional en els contextos de reestructuració
Authors: Llop Naya Ares , Paradís Pérez Anna
Published: February 2019

En aquest article presentem l’estudi de la variació microsintàctica en els parlars catalans com a estratègia per a una comprensió millor i més aprofundida dels contextos de reestructuració i de les dependències a llarga distància. Proposem que la reestructuració implica l’existència d’una estructura biclausal amb un domini subordinat defectiu. Aportem proves a favor d’aquesta anàlisi tot explorant les posicions dels clítics i de les marques de negació pressuposicional en contextos de reestructuració en les varietats del català. D’una banda, les dades recollides demostren que, tot i que l’ascens del clític i l’ús de les marques pressuposicionals al domini subordinat són fenòmens independents, es poden explicar per la transparència del límit de la clàusula. D’altra banda, les dades dialectals evidencien que s’està produint un canvi sintàctic en la naturalesa d’alguns verbs com a verbs de reestructuració. A més, corroboren la validesa de la legitimació a llarga distància de les marques pressuposicionals com a efecte de transparència en contextos de reestructuració. Aquest fet es confirma a través de la comparació i contrast de les aparicions d’aquests mateixos elements en contextos de subjuntiu.
Anàlisi de l’especificitat morfològica i semàntica de la neologia andorrana
Authors: Muñoz-Espí Rafael , Bastida-Serra Carolina
Published: February 2019

L’estudi de la neologia és important no sols des d’un punt de vista metalingüístic, sinó també des de la perspectiva de la planificació lingüística, ja que mitjançant la monitorització de la creació lèxica és possible fer noves propostes lexicogràfiques i terminològiques. Donada la singularitat d’Andorra dins del domini lingüístic català, tant en termes demogràfics i geogràfics com polítics i culturals, la llengua pot tenir necessitats lèxiques i terminològiques diferents de la d’altres territoris. En aquest treball s’han analitzat els patrons de morfologia i dels processos de formació de la neologia andorrana, tot comparant-los amb els de la resta del domini lingúístic. A més, s’han classificat i analitzat semànticament els neologismes específics (anomenats hàpaxs) andorrans i s’ha observat que la creació lèxica específica ve determinada en general per l’entorn social, cultural, polític i econòmic d’Andorra.
Presentació del monogràfic «La gramàtica del català de l’edat moderna. Un avanç»
Authors: Martines Josep
Published: February 2019

Presentació del monogràfic «La gramàtica del català de l’edat moderna. Un avanç», del número 66 (primavera 2019) de Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia.
«Que ja·s parla different que·s parlava deu anys ha esta part». El català modern: la baula imprescindible
Authors: Massanell i Messalles Mar
Published: February 2019

En el present article fem un repàs de les causes que han provocat que els textos catalans dels segles XVII i XVIII i del primer terç del XIX hagin estat tradicionalment objecte de poca estima, raó per la qual l’estudi lingüístic del català modern ha rebut menys atenció que el d’altres períodes. Malgrat aquesta situació, assenyalem algunes innovacions de la llengua d’aquest període que converteixen el seu estudi en molt atractiu i, alhora, molt necessari per a tenir un coneixement complet de les fases evolutives del català des dels orígens fins als nostres dies i, especialment, per a comprendre les innovacions que van convertir la llengua medieval en una llengua moderna força propera a la que emprem avui. Finalment, ens referim als avantatges que la lingüística de corpus, combinada amb el mètode filològic, reporta a l’investigador a l’hora de dedicar-se a l’estudi diacrònic de la llengua, aprofitant l’avinentesa de la propera culminació del projecte d’elaboració del Corpus Informatitzat del Català Modern, que permetrà introduir la lingu?ística de corpus en l’estudi de la llengua catalana de l’època moderna.
Aspectes de la transitivitat en els inicis del català modern
Authors: Pineda Anna
Published: February 2019

En aquest estudi de corpus hem volgut fer una primera aproximació a diversos aspectes de la transitivitat, entesa com a fenomen amb diversos vessants, en els textos corresponents a l’inici del català modern (segle XVII, amb un èmfasi especial en la primera meitat de segle). Hem tractat, concretament, el cas de diversos verbs que presenten un comportament vacil·lant entre l’ús transitiu i l’ús intransitiu, i ens hem acostat a aquest fenomen des del vessant del marcatge diferencial d’objecte, atès que aquest règim vacil·lant és un factor que pot crear confusió a l’hora d’analitzar l’extensió dels objectes directes introduïts per a (v. § 2). A continuació, i encara mantenint el marcatge diferencial d’objecte com a punt de referència, ens hem fixat en les diverses construccions que afavoreixen notablement l’ús d’aquest marcatge davant dels objectes directes (v. § 3). Per acabar, hem tractat de manera succinta altres aspectes interessants de la transitivitat en els textos dels inicis del català modern, com ara l’ús de verbs inergatius en patrons transitius que inclouen un objecte directe cognat o la causativització de verbs intransitius que expressen moviment (v. § 4).
Rethinking the lake Trophic State Index
Authors: Nojavan A. Farnaz , Kreakie Betty J , Hollister Jeffrey W , Qian Song S
Published: February 2019

Lake trophic state classifications provide information about the condition of lentic ecosystems and are indicative of both ecosystem services (e.g., clean water, recreational opportunities, and aesthetics) and disservices (e.g., cyanobacteria blooms). The current classification schemes have been criticized for developing indices that are single-variable based (vs. a complex aggregate of multi-variables), discrete (vs. a continuum), and/or deterministic (vs. an inherent randomness). We present an updated lake trophic classification model using a Bayesian multilevel ordered categorical regression. The model consists of a proportional odds logistic regression (POLR) that models ordered, categorical, lake trophic state using Secchi disk depth, elevation, nitrogen concentration (N), and phosphorus concentration (P). The overall accuracy, when compared to existing classifications of trophic state index (TSI), for the POLR model was 0.68 and the balanced accuracy ranged between 0.72 and 0.93. This work delivers an index that is multi-variable based, continuous, and classifies lakes in probabilistic terms. While our model addresses all the limitations of the current approach to lake trophic classification, the addition of uncertainty quantification is important, because the trophic state response to predictors varies among lakes. Our model successfully addresses concerns with the current approach and performs well across trophic states in a large spatial extent.
Physicochemical investigation of shrimp fossils from the Romualdo and Ipubi formations (Araripe Basin)
Authors: Barros Olga Alcântara , Silva João Hermínio , Saraiva Gilberto Dantas , Viana Bartolomeu Cruz , Paschoal Alexandre Rocha , Freire Paulo Tarso Cavalcante , Oliveira Naiara Cipriano , Paula Amauri Jardim , Viana Maria Somália
Published: February 2019

The Ipubi and Romualdo Formations are Cretaceous units of the Araripe Basin (Santana Group). The first and most ancient was deposited in a lake environment, and some fossils were preserved in shales deposited under blackish conditions. The second was deposited in a marine environment, preserving a rich paleontological content in calcareous concretions. Considering that these two environments preserved their fossils under different processes, in this work we investigated the chemical composition of two fossilized specimens, one from each of the studied stratigraphic units, and compared them using vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Raman and IR), X-ray diffraction and large-field energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mappings. Calcite was observed as the dominant phase and carbon was observed in the fossils as a byproduct of the decomposition. The preservation of hydroxide calcium phosphate (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, hydroxyapatite) was observed in both fossils. In addition, it was observed that there was a smaller amount of pyrite (pyritization) in the Romualdo Formation sample than in the Ipubi one. Large-field EDS measurements showed the major presence of the chemical elements calcium, oxygen, iron, aluminum and fluoride in the Ipubi fossil, indicating a greater influence of inorganic processes in its fossilization. Our results also suggest that the Romualdo Formation fossilization process involved the substitution of the hydroxyl group by fluorine, providing durability to the fossils.
As narrativas identitárias produzidas nas políticas culturais da Região das Missões Jesuítico-Guaranis do Brasil: uma crítica ao essencialismo cultural
Authors: Pinto Muriel
Published: February 2019

O artigo analisa a produção de narrativas identitárias acerca do “gaúcho missioneiro” no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil no contexto pós Estado Novo. Esta discussão foi possível a partir do estudo das políticas públicas culturais da Região das Missões Jesuítica-Guarani, procurando caracterizar as estratégias discursivas de tais políticas na fixação e legitimação da identidade cultural regional. A análise demonstra como as políticas culturais se constituem como elemento estratégico no processo de naturalização e fixação da identidade cultural, no caso, Missioneira. Posiciona a crítica a essa visão sobre cultura e propõe ressignificar essas narrativas identitárias a partir da dinâmica do hibridismo cultural. Trata-se de desconstruir a ideia de autenticidade cultural e demonstrar como as identidades são narradas e criadas a partir de posicionamentos políticos e relações de poder.
Política Cultural por meio do incentivo fiscal, 26 anos de caminhada: retrato da captação global e setorial no campo das humanidades
Authors: Ficheira Carolina Marques Henriques , Buarque de Hollanda Heloisa Helena Oliveira
Published: February 2019

O artigo fará uma contextualização histórica do campo cultural, desde a formação do Ministério da Cultura até o momento atual para elucidar a constituição da lei nº 8.313/91, conhecida como Lei Rouanet e seus desdobramentos. Analisará a distribuição de recursos computados nas diferentes regiões do país, bem como os produtos realizados com recursos incentivados, especialmente no campo das humanidades. Para tanto, será feita uma compilação de todos os valores computados na história da Lei de Incentivo à Cultura no período de 1993 até a data de 17 de agosto de 2017. Ainda em sua metodologia, colocar-se-á na posição de parecerista, como categoria de análise e de reflexão.
Mapeamento dos conselhos municipais de patrimônio cultural no Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Nascimento Rodrigo Modesto
Published: February 2019

O principal objetivo desse artigo é realizar o mapeamento e o estudo dos conselhos municipais de preservação do patrimônio cultural, no Estado de São Paulo, e seu objeto de pesquisa está circunscrito à análise quantitativa das informações presentes nos sites das prefeituras. Para isso foram selecionados municípios de médio porte (entre 100 e 500 mil habitantes), excluindo-se a região metropolitana da capital.

 
Públicos controversos - Entrevista com Daniela Labra
Authors: De Moraes Silva Diogo
Published: February 2019

Realizada entre os meses de janeiro e abril de 2018, à distância e por escrito, esta entrevista com a curadora e crítica de arte Daniela Labra procura abordar as problemáticas colocadas em cena pelas reações de ataque a eventos artísticos – e pelas controvérsias culturais e morais daí emergidas – ocorridas no segundo semestre do ano passado, em diferentes cidades brasileiras. Ao mesmo tempo, adota um ângulo de observação dos fatos propício a trazer para o primeiro plano especificidades da instância dos públicos das exposições de arte, levando em conta as camadas de mediação entre estes e as obras artísticas, em particular aquela que corresponde às proposições curatoriais. Nosso foco, aqui, são os segmentos do público que, em desacordo com agendas emancipatórias e libertárias, repudiaram determinadas mostras, obras e performances, no sentido de boicotá-las ou mesmo censurá-las, a depender do ponto de vista. Considerando que, no período dos ataques sequenciais às artes, Labra esteve responsável pela curadoria geral de Frestas – Trienal de Artes 2017, mostra em que certas obras também foram renegadas por representantes políticos e membros da sociedade civil, nos pareceu oportuno abrir uma discussão sobre como nos (re)posicionarmos enquanto agentes culturais frente a essas formas de atuação dos públicos, aproveitando o ensejo para refletir acerca de algumas de suas principais motivações e implicações. Na condição de entrevistador, opto por indagar a curadora a partir de preocupações caras à mediação cultural de viés crítico, que tem na atenção às demandas e às iniciativas (não raro disruptivas) dos públicos uma de suas vertentes de investigação e intervenção. As questões a seguir representam, portanto, provocações voltadas a reunir, analisar e tentar lidar com as indigestas manifestações daqueles que podemos designar, em alusão aos referidos fatos, como públicos controversos.
Ensino da arte no limiar da censura: uma defesa da autonomia da educação estética em Vigotski
Authors: Wedekin Luana Maribele
Published: February 2019

Este artigo parte da obra “A Educação Estética” de Vigotski para analisar uma experiência de formação continuada de professores em agosto de 2017 na qual surgiu a questão da censura sugerida por professores à mediação educativa da exposição de gravuras “Lasar Segall, Poesia da Linha e do Corte”, no SESC/Bauru. Apresenta-se as premissas fundamentais da educação estética para Vigotski, descreve-se o cenário de sistemática censura à literatura na Rússia/URSS, para então discorrer sobre o episódio de censura aos temas da prostituição e nudez na exposição de Segall, localizando-o no recente cenário de criminalização da arte no Brasil. Vigotski aponta para a premissa polissêmica da arte, ressaltando a percepção estética como ativa e criativa, salvaguardando a autonomia da educação estética e recusando qualquer subordinação à moral.
Hypermethylation of the G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) promoter inhibits binding of C/EBPα, and GRK6 knockdown promotes cell migration and invasion in lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Yao Sumei , Wu Dandan , Chen Jinliang , Wang Peng , Lv Xuedong , Huang Jianan
Published: February 2019

We previously reported that the expression of G protein‐coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6) is significantly downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LADC) tissues, and low expression levels of GRK6 are correlated with poor survival prognosis. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms and functions of GRK6 in LADC remain unknown. Here, we report that GRK6 mRNA expression levels are downregulated in LADC tissues compared to those in matched adjacent non‐tumor tissues (P < 0.001). The promoter of the GRK6 gene was found to be hypermethylated in LADC tissues, and its methylation was correlated with both GRK6 expression and pathology grade. GRK6 promoter hypermethylation may predict shorter overall survival. Treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine significantly enhanced GRK6 gene expression. Four binding sites of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein‐α (C/EBPα) in the CpG island of the GRK6 gene promoter were predicted in silico, of which three sites were further confirmed by ChIP. Decreased binding of C/EBPα to binding sites 1, 3 and 4 of the GRK6 gene promoter was observed in LADC tissues. Inhibition of C/EBPα significantly inhibited GRK6 expression, while overexpression of C/EBPα significantly promoted GRK6 expression. In addition, overexpression of GRK6 significantly suppressed, while GRK6 knockdown promoted cell migration and invasion. Overexpression of GRK6 enhanced E‐cadherin expression and suppressed vimentin expression, and silencing of GRK6 had the opposite effects. Furthermore, ectopic expression of GRK6 significantly decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP7 protein expression levels. Our findings suggest that hypermethylation of the GRK6 gene promoter suppressed binding of C/EBPα, thereby contributing to the promotion of cell migration and invasion. The methylation status of the GRK6 promoter might be suitable for use as an epigenetic biomarker, and the C/EBPα–GRK6 signaling pathway may be a potential target for LADC.
Impact of Smoking in Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors in Axial Spondyloarthritis: Methodologic Considerations for Longitudinal Observational Studies
Authors: Zhao Sizheng Steven , Yoshida Kazuki , Jones Gareth T. , Hughes David M. , Tedeschi Sara K. , Lyu Houchen , Moots Robert J. , Solomon Daniel H. , Goodson Nicola J.
Published: February 2019

Objective

Observational data facilitate examination of treatment‐effect heterogeneity, but the risk of bias is substantial. The present study was undertaken to highlight methodologic considerations through an analysis of whether smoking affects response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Methods

We used longitudinal data from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for Ankylosing Spondylitis. Participants fulfilling the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society criteria for axial SpA who started their first TNFi were eligible for analysis. In comparing the impact of smoking status, weighted generalized estimating equations were used to examine changes in several continuous outcome measures, including the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS). Inverse probability weights were used to account for differences in baseline covariates and excluded participants. We separately assessed response in the first 3 months to account for nonrandom dropout.

Results

For 840 participants who started on TNFi, 1,641 assessments from 627 individuals were analyzed (69% male, mean age 46 years). A total of 33% were current smokers and 30% ex‐smokers. Ex‐smokers and current smokers had worse disease than never smokers at baseline. Accounting for these differences, response did not differ according to smoking status. Compared to never smokers, ex‐smokers (β = –0.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] –1.4, 0.3) and current smokers (β = –0.4, 95% CI –1.1, 0.4) had a similar response according to the BASDAI and ASDAS (ex‐smokers β = –0.1, 95% CI –0.5, 0.3; current smokers β = –0.01, 95% CI –0.4, 0.4) at 3 months.

Conclusion

TNFi response did not differ according to baseline smoking status in this UK cohort. Conflicting results from previous studies were likely due to methodologic differences. This analysis highlights potential sources of bias that should be addressed in future studies.
Modifiable Determinants of Exercise Use in a Diverse Ethnic Population With Osteoarthritis
Authors: Vina Ernest R. , Hannon Michael J. , Hausmann Leslie R. M. , Ibrahim Said A. , Dagnino Jazmin , Arellano Andrea , Kwoh C. Kent
Published: February 2019

Objective

To determine the extent of ethnic differences in the use of exercise for therapy and identify relevant modifiable determinants of exercise use among patients with knee/hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

Knee/hip OA study participants were identified. Surveys were administered to collect patient sociodemographic and clinical information, and beliefs and attitudes about providers and treatments. Final multivariable logistic regression models were created using a fully conditional method.

Results

Hispanic participants (n = 130), compared to non‐Hispanic participants (n = 232), were less likely to have private medical insurance (9.2% versus 31.0%) or to report having excellent/very good health (40.7% versus 52.6%). They were also less likely to report using exercise for OA treatment in the last 6 months (56% versus 73%; P = 0.003). When adjusted for age and disease severity, the difference in exercise use among ethnicities remained significant (odds ratio [OR] 0.59 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.36–0.99]). In a multivariable logistic regression model designed to determine the most important determinants of exercise use for OA treatment, in the last 6 months the following were all associated with exercise use: having knee instead of hip OA (OR 2.83 [95% CI 1.51–5.29]), having family/friends who exercise (OR 3.20 [95% CI 1.76–5.84]), having a good understanding of what happens after exercise (OR 2.19 [95 CI 1.15–4.19]), and higher perceived benefit of exercise (OR 2.24 [95% CI 1.64–3.04]).

Conclusion

Among patients with knee/hip OA, Hispanics were less likely to exercise for OA treatment. Increased knowledge about the benefits of exercise for treatment and improved familiarity with exercise as treatment for OA may increase exercise use.
Long‐Term Outcomes in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Eighteen Years of Follow‐Up in the Population‐Based Nordic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Glerup Mia , Rypdal Veronika , Arnstad Ellen Dalen , Ekelund Maria , Peltoniemi Suvi , Aalto Kristiina , Rygg Marite , Toftedal Peter , Nielsen Susan , Fasth Anders , Berntson Lillemor , Nordal Ellen , Herlin Troels ,   the Nordic Study Group of Pediatric Rheumatology
Published: February 2019

Objective

The present study was undertaken to assess the long‐term course, remission rate, and disease burden in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) 18 years after disease onset in a population‐based setting from the early biologic era.

Methods

A total of 510 consecutive cases of JIA with disease onset between 1997 and 2000 from defined geographic regions in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland were prospectively included in this 18‐year cohort study. At the follow‐up visit, patient‐reported demographic and clinical data were collected.

Results

The study included 434 (85%) of the 510 eligible JIA participants. The mean ± SD age was 24.0 ± 4.4 years. The median juvenile arthritis disease activity score in 71 joints (JADAS‐71) was 1.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 0–5), with the enthesitis‐related arthritis (ERA) category of JIA having the highest median score (4.5 [IQR 1.5–8.5], P = 0.003). In this cohort, 46% of patients still had active disease, and 66 (15%) were treated with synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and 84 (19%) with biologics. Inactive disease indicated by a JADAS‐71 score of <1 was seen in 48% of participants. Clinical remission off medication (CR) was documented in 33% of the participants with high variability among the JIA categories. CR was most often seen in persistent oligoarticular and systemic arthritis and least often in ERA (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

A substantial proportion of the JIA cohort did not achieve CR despite new treatment options during the study period. The ERA category showed the worst outcomes, and in general there is still a high burden of disease in adulthood for JIA.
“Stiff–Soft” Binary Synergistic Aerogels with Superflexibility and High Thermal Insulation Performance
Authors: Zhang Junyan , Cheng Yanhua , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Meng Si , Zhu Meifang , Lu Yunfeng
Published: February 2019

Designing aerogel materials featuring both high thermal insulation property and excellent mechanical robustness is of great interest for applications in superior integrated energy management systems. To meet the above requirements, composite aerogels based on hierarchical “stiff–soft” binary networks are reported, in which secondary mesoporous polymethylsilsesquioxane domains intertwined by bacterial cellulose nanofibrillar networks are connected in tandem. The resulting composite aerogels are characterized by highly porous (93.6%) and nanosized structure with a surface area of 660 m2 g−1, leading to the excellent thermal insulation performance with a low thermal conductivity of 15.3 mW m−1 K−1. The integrated “stiff–soft” binary nature also endows the composite aerogels with high flexibility that can conform to various substrates as well as large tensile strength that can withstand more than 2.70 × 104 times its own weight. These composite aerogels show multifunctionality in terms of efficient wearable protection, controllable thermal management, and ultrafast oil/water separation. These favorable multifeatures present composite aerogels ideal for aerospace, industrial, and commercial applications.
Combating Biofilm Associated Infection In Vivo: Integration of Quorum Sensing Inhibition and Photodynamic Treatment based on Multidrug Delivered Hollow Carbon Nitride Sphere
Authors: Sun Yuhuan , Qin Hongshuang , Yan Zhengqing , Zhao Chuanqi , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: February 2019

Recently, quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors (QSIs) have been combined with antibiotics to enhance antibiofilm efficacy in vitro and in vivo. However, targeting QS signals alone is not enough to prevent bacterial infections. Drug resistance and recurrence of biofilms makes it difficult to eradicate. Herein, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is selected to unite QSIs and antibiotics. A synergistically antibiofilm system, which combines QSIs, antibiotics, and PDT based on hollow carbon nitride spheres (HCNSs) is envisaged. First, HCNS provides the multidrug delivering ability, enabling QSIs and antibiotics to be released in sequence. Subsequently, multistage releases sensitize bacteria effectively, potentiating the chemotherapeutic effects of the antibiotics. Finally, the integration of QSIs and PDT not only minimizes the possibility of drug resistance, but also overcomes the problem of limited mass and extension of PDT. Even after 48 h of incubation, the bacterial biofilm is obviously inhibited. And its biofilm disperse efficiency exceeds 48% (compared with QSI‐potentiated chemotherapy group) and 40% (compared with PDT group). Besides, the inhibition of the QS system influences phenotypes related to virulence factor production and surface hydrophobicity, which weaken biofilm invasion and formation. Eventually, this system is applied to disperse bacterial biofilm in vivo. Overall, PDT and QS modulation are devoted to eradicate drug resistance and recurrence of the biofilm.
Self‐Powered Electrowetting Valve for Instantaneous and Simultaneous Actuation of Paper‐Based Microfluidic Assays
Authors: Guo Zi Hao , Jiao Yu Cui , Wang Hai Lu , Zhang Chen , Liang Fei , Liu Jin Long , Yu Hai Dong , Li Cheng Ming , Zhu Guang , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: February 2019

In this work, a self‐powered electrowetting valve (SPEV) driven by an energy‐harvesting triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is reported. The TENG (5 × 5 cm2) can produce an open‐circuit voltage of 380 V by applying a mechanical stimulus, which is much higher than the actuation voltage of the SPEV (130 V). Once actuated, the electrowetting valve can be instantly switched on at a response time of 0.18 s, allowing liquid reagent to flow through the valve. The SPEV can be used for simultaneous addition of multiple reagents in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay on a paper‐based microfluidic analytical device (µPAD). This assay involves a chromogenic reaction that achieves effective detection of alpha‐fetoprotein, a critical tumor marker for early diagnosis of liver cancer. The SPEV reported in this work can be potentially used in other complex multiprocedure µPADs, which will potentially enable portable, accessible, and cost‐effective assays for early diagnosis, food safety, pollution detection, etc.