bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conflitos climáticos, transição verde e a contenda com as liberdades
Authors: Piroli Diana
Published: March 2024

É amplamente reconhecido que para mitigar a mudança climática antropogênica são necessários urgentes esforços institucionais em várias dimensões: tecnológicos, infraestruturais, mas também socioculturais. Isso significa que, para que haja a transição ecológica para uma sociedade mais verde e sustentável, um conjunto de mudanças estruturais econômicas, políticas e culturais deverão ser rearticuladas nos próximos anos. Por um lado, ao passo que é inegável que, para conter a mudança antropogênica, o uso do poder institucional deve ser usado de modo mais incisivo nas mais diversas esferas que estruturam o social. Por outro lado, não fica evidentemente se as liberdades serão afetadas e, em caso positivo, como elas serão afetadas. Diante da urgência do problema, o artigo propõe normativamente explorar o conflito entre, por um lado, a exigência do uso do poder institucional para conter a mudança climática antropogênica em tempo e, por outro, a garantia pelo mais amplo esquema de liberdades políticas, econômicas e civis nas sociedades democráticas liberais.
Liberdade de expressão, discursos de ódio e irracionalidade social: uma análise a partir da teoria da democracia habermasiana
Authors: Consani Cristina Foroni
Published: March 2024

Esse artigo tem por objetivo analisar a pertinência de ainda se defender, no âmbito das teorias normativas da democracia, critérios de racionalidade e de argumentação e justificação arrazoada para os debates públicos a fim de que se possa delimitar a fronteira entre liberdade de expressão e discursos de ódio ou discriminações. Essa análise será feita a partir da teoria discursiva do direito e da democracia habermasiana, a qual tem sustentado a importância de critérios de racionalidade em questões morais, políticas e jurídicas.
Predicting individuals’ behaviors during a pandemic: why we might have acted as we did during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aldousari Shaikha S. , Ickes William
Published: March 2024

Background

This study examined individual differences in how people behave in response to a pandemic – more specifically, the current coronavirus pandemic.

Participants and procedure

A sample of 420 participants was recruited through the online data collection platform MTurk. Participants were directed via an online link to a Qualtrics survey. This survey was composed of several demographic questions and self-report personality and belief scales, followed by a set of outcome measures designed to measure specific behaviors relating to avoidant behavior, protective behavior, and impulsive buying which the participants might, or might not, have engaged in during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

The results showed that locus of control was the best personality-related predictor of peoples’ pandemic-relevant behavior, such that externally oriented people were more likely to report both protective behavior and impulsive buying behavior. In addition, perceived threat was significantly associated with all three types of pandemic-relevant behaviors (avoidant, protective, and impulsive buying).

Conclusions

Individuals’ personality traits and beliefs clearly play a major role in determining their behavior during health crises. In the case of the current COVID-19 crisis, some people adopt behaviors that ensure their safety and the safety of others, whereas other people display careless behaviors that contribute to spreading the infection. Because individual differences in this situation matter, it is important to determine which variables accurately predict which behaviors.
Antiretroviral treatment for HIV infection and AIDS
Authors: Choi Jun Yong
Published: March 2024

Background: Antiretroviral therapy is the cornerstone treatment for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Clinical practice guidelines for antiretroviral therapy have been developed.Current Concepts: After the introduction of zidovudine, more than 30 antiretroviral agents have been approved for the treatment of HIV infection. Since a controlled trial proved the efficacy and safety of combination antiretroviral therapy, virologic suppression, immune reconstitution, and long-term survival of people living with HIV have been achievable goals. Early antiretroviral treatment for all people living with HIV is an effective strategy to maintain individual health and prevent the transmission of HIV infection. Selecting an appropriate combination antiretroviral therapy requires careful consideration of various factors, including regimen characteristics, pretreatment viral load and CD4+ cell counts, comorbid conditions, and the anticipated level of compliance. Ongoing advances in antiretroviral treatment, such as the development of long-acting injectables and medications targeting multidrug-resistant HIV, address challenges in the treatment of HIV infection.Discussion and Conclusion: Although cure of HIV infection is impossible with current antiretroviral treatment, HIV infection has become a chronic disease with long-term survival. Hence, clinicians should have knowledge of antiretroviral treatment guidelines.
Pharmacotherapy for patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Kim Yeo Jin
Published: March 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid and tau proteins, leading to neuronal loss, cognitive decline, and difficulties maintaining daily activities. As the elderly population grows, interest in effective Alzheimer’s disease treatment is increasing.Current Concepts: The recent approval of drugs by the United States Food and Drug Administration with mechanisms based on the amyloid cascade hypothesis, in addition to existing therapies based on the cholinergic hypothesis, raises the possibility of introducing these novel agents in South Korea.Discussion and Conclusion: Currently, South Korea offers cholinesterase inhibitors and an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist based on the cholinergic hypothesis for Alzheimer’s disease dementia. Each drug has different indications under national health insurance coverage depending on dementia severity. The development of new intravenous drugs targeting the amyloid cascade offers potential benefits not only for early-stage Alzheimer’s disease but also for mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease, suggesting a wider scope for future pharmacological intervention.
Association of Socio-demographic factors with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome; A Comparative Study
Authors: Bhatti Mahreen , Nabila Amin  , Satti Iftikhar Ahmed , Khan Hammad Gul , Abdur Rauf  , Radia Tul Zahra
Published: March 2024

Objective: To compare the association of Socio-demographic factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) patients with healthy controls.
Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, in collaboration with Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics PEMH, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from Apr to Aug 2023.
Methodology: The study comprised 300 females within reproductive age groups. Participants were separated into two groups. Group-I included 150 diagnosed PCOS patients, and Group-II had 150 healthy females selected by non-probability purposive sampling.
Results: The PCOS patients exhibit a higher mean weight than the control Group (p-value; 0.017). The comparison of PCOS patients and controls showed significant association with physical activity (p-value: 0.038), hirsutism (p-value: 0.010) and Ferriman-Gallwey score (p-value: 0.001) and consanguineous marriages (p-value:  0.076).
Conclusion: This study underscores the significance of socio-demographic factors in the manifestation of PCOS in Pakistan, emphasizing the need for early diagnosis, intervention, and tailored healthcare strategies, particularly among young women.
PENGARUH STRES PSIKOLOGIS TERHADAP KADAR KORTISOL ASI PADA IBU MENYUSUI DI KABUPATEN SELUMA
Authors: Rosaria Rini Rosaria , Flora Rostika , Zulkarnain Mohammad , Sitorus Rico Januar , Hasyim Hamzah , Fajar Nur Alam , Ermi Nurmalia , Jasmine Annisah Biancika , Aguscik Aguscik , Ikhsan Ikhsan , Slamet Samwilson , Purnama Yetti , Sulung Neshy
Published: March 2024

Breast milk is the gold standard in infant nutrition, which is the best food for babies compared to formula milk. Apart from containing the necessary nutrients, breast milk also contains various bioactive compounds that can affect the growth and development of the baby. Among these bioactive compounds there is also a glucocorticoid (GC) content, such as cortisol. It is known that cortisol levels are affected by the level of stress experienced by mothers during pregnancy and after childbirth. Purpose: this study aims to analyze the effect of maternal stress on breast milk cortisol levels in breastfeeding mothers in Seluma District. Method : : This research is an analytic survey, cross sectional study, conducted in Seluma Regency. A total of 77 rbreastfeeding mothers of children aged 0-24 months were taken as respondents by random sampling. Breast milk samples were taken to examine breast milk cortisol levels and were measured using the ELISA method. interviews using a questionnaire were conducted to collect data on maternal characteristics, while the stress level data were obtained by conducting interviews using the DASS 42 questionnaire. The data obtained was then processed and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The results of measuring psychological stress showed that 35.1% of mothers experienced stress, while the results of measuring breast milk cortisol levels showed that 50% of mothers had high cortisol levels. The results of the Mann Whitney test found that there was a significant difference in the average breast milk cortisol levels in mothers who experienced psychological stress and those who did not (201.65 ± 97.82 μ/mL vs 150.32 ± 81.80 μ/mL, p=0.028) . Conclusion: psychological stress affects breast milk cortisol levels in breastfeeding mothers in Seluma Regency. Education related to handling stress in breastfeeding mothers needs to be done so that it does not hinder the breastfeeding process which can have an impact on the health of mothers and children.

 

Keywords: Breastfeeding mothers, breast milk cortisol level, psychological stress
"ABORTO SEGURO, LEGAL E GRATUITO!": A LUTA DAS MULHERES ARGENTINAS PELO CONTROLE DE SEUS CORPOS E DE SUA FERTILIDADE
Authors: Gotuzzo Laura Braga , Lima Liz Fernanda Carrard de
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar o movimento argentino Maré Verde e sua luta pela representação das mulheres no controle de suas próprias fertilidades e gestações, confrontando o controle do Estado Argentino. O estudo se concentrará nas imagens fotográficas do movimento entre 2018 e 2021, aprofundando a compreensão de sua formação, pautas e influência nas mulheres argentinas e em outros países da América Latina, fazendo um breve paralelo de como a questão é tratada pelo ordenamento brasileiro. Para isso utilizou-se a metodologia bibliográfica, documental e imagética, com abordagem dedutiva e perspectiva teórica de gênero, fazendo uso de imagens fotográficas como fonte principal. Os resultados visam elucidar como tais imagens podem impactar e fortalecer os movimentos sociais.
ANÁLISE DA CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DA MACONHA NO BRASIL: À LUZ DA FILOSOFIA DE FOUCAULT
Authors: Brasilino Lidiane Rossely Castro de Souza
Published: March 2024

O artigo debate a problemática da criminalização da maconha no Brasil. Para tanto, caminharemos pela história da cannabis no Brasil, tendo como argumentos que questionam a legitimidade do discurso proibicionista no controle do uso de maconha. Assim, faremos uma análise da abordagem genealógica da Filosofia de Michel Foucault como ferramenta valiosa e multidisciplinar, considerando diversos fatores sociais, políticos, econômicos e culturais para investigar a criminalização da maconha. As conclusões apontam para a ilegitimidade da criminalização dos usos da cannabis e a compreensão das dinâmicas subjacentes à criminalização no contexto brasileiro.
ACHADOS RADIOLÓGICOS MAIS COMUNS EM UM CASO DE MUCOCELE DE APÊNDICE: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Malvino Damilly Beatriz Lacerda , Nascimento Sidrayton Pereira do , Ribeiro Victoria Nascimento , Gomes Iara Cristina Rodrigues , Nascimento Catarina Vitória da Silva , Nascimento Idernon Cândido , Santana Ciro Dias , Sobral Maria Júlia de Macedo , Galvão Bárbara Andrade , Souza Paulo Marcilio Araújo de , Santos Cyllo Yago de Miranda Hamilton Cerqueira , Oliveira Najahra Lidianny Meneses de
Published: March 2024

Objetivos: Abordar, através de revisão de literatura, a importância dos achados radiológicos e tomográficos em casos de mucocele de apêndice. Metodologia: Trata-se de um trabalho de revisão de literatura em que foi utilizado a base de dados Pubmed, Scielo e BVS, abordando a importância dos achados radiológicos na área da medicina em geral, em pacientes acometidos pela mucocele de apêndice, utilizando as palavras-chave “Mucocele”, “Apêndice”, “Massa cística”. Resultados: encontraram-se 10 publicações expressivas. A análise ocorreu mediante leituras analítica e interpretativa. Constatou-se que os métodos de diagnóstico por imagem são parte importante no manuseio de pacientes com neoplasias que obstruiem a luz apendicular. Considerações finais: Destacaram-se os exames de imagens como relevantes para a condução dessa patologia e a carência de achados clínicos de imagens na literatura, o que justifica a importância de mais estudos sobre a temática.
PRÁTICAS DE SEGURANÇA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO COM O USO DE METODOLOGIAS ÁGEIS
Authors: Conceição Ialle Teixeira da
Published: March 2024

No início dos anos 1990, com o crescimento do uso de computadores por parte das empresas, o desenvolvimento de software enfrentou uma crise com muitos atrasos nas entregas de aplicativos. Dessa forma, diversos profissionais começaram a trabalhar em busca de novas abordagens para eliminar o que consideravam atividades improdutivas dentro do desenvolvimento de software e gerar modelos que se adaptassem melhor à modernidade. Nesse contexto, surgiram os diversos tipos de metodologias ágeis. O foco desses métodos tem sido dinamizar os processos de desenvolvimento de software de modo a eliminar os principais problemas que as empresas enfrentam em projetos. São estratégias e técnicas direcionadas para a colaboração de todos os membros dentro de pequenos ciclos de trabalho, utilizando o desenvolvimento incremental. Ao lançar mão dos processos ágeis, é possível otimizar a eficiência durante a execução, pois uma grande tarefa se divide em etapas menores. Assim, são obtidos melhores e mais rápidos resultados, já que se cria um ambiente de constante diálogo. Isso permite o controle de recursos e a transparência, além de garantir o feedback do cliente em cada etapa. Tais ações tornam o manejo das mudanças mais simples do que ao final de todos os processos. O presente trabalho bibliográfico fez uma abordagem sobre as práticas de segurança no desenvolvimento com o uso de metodologias ágeis.
PRÁTICAS INTEGRATIVAS E COMPLEMENTARES NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES À INTEGRALIDADE DO CUIDADO EM SAÚDE
Authors: Durans Thamires Macedo , Sousa Marianna Ramalho de , Pereira Carolina Monte Santo Burdman , Gonçalves Michelly Hellem de Freitas , Sampaio Maria Clara Bernardino , Rêgo Jodson Fernandes
Published: March 2024

A integralidade da atenção à saúde fundamenta-se tanto na visão holística do homem como no acesso a todos os níveis de atenção à saúde na rede de serviços, sempre coordenada pela Atenção Primária à Saúde. É nesse contexto que surge, no Sistema Único de Saúde, a Política Nacional de Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PNPIC), a fim de complementar o atendimento às diversas demandas e necessidades dos indivíduos, operacionalizando princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), em especial o princípio doutrinário da integralidade. Este estudo objetivou revisar a literatura sobre a operacionalização das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) no Brasil, demonstrando os benefícios promovidos bem como as dificuldades na oferta e realização destas práticas no processo de trabalho das equipes de saúde. Trata-se de revisão narrativa da literatura, a qual concluiu que os investimentos públicos em Práticas Integrativas e Complementares (PICs) são insuficientes para a demanda existente, provocando uma demanda reprimida, bem como a ausência de apoio dos gestores para a implementação. Como benefícios, são citados que, uma vez implementadas, as PICs otimizam ações de promoção de saúde e redução do estresse principalmente em portadores de doenças crônicas. Desta forma, embora a PNPIC tenha sido implementada desde 2006, e haja consenso sobre as vantagens de sua oferta, o serviço ainda não está sistematizado, demandando para tantos investimentos e capacitação dos profissionais para sua realização.
IMUNOTERAPIA NO TRATAMENTO DO CÂNCER: AVANÇOS RECENTES E FUTURAS DIREÇÕES NA ONCOLOGIA
Authors: Lustosa Amanda , Gaiovski Hestefany Tawana , Fernandes Ingridy Tayane Gonçalves Pires , Ferreira Márcia Zotti Justo , Florentino Anelvira de Oliveira , Araújo Haroldo Ferreira , Mello Gabriela Improta , Silva Saiury Gomes da , Silva Silfarney Gomes da , Haddad Filho Marcelo
Published: March 2024

A imunoterapia emergiu como uma estratégia terapêutica inovadora no tratamento do câncer, aproveitando os mecanismos do sistema imunológico para combater as células tumorais. O objetivo deste estudo é destacar os avanços recentes e as futuras direções na oncologia imunoterápica. Avanços significativos foram alcançados com o desenvolvimento de inibidores de checkpoint imunológico, como os anticorpos anti-PD-1/PD-L1 e anti-CTLA-4, que demonstraram eficácia em vários tipos de câncer, incluindo melanoma, câncer de pulmão e câncer de bexiga. A imunoterapia também tem sido combinada com outras modalidades de tratamento, como quimioterapia e terapias direcionadas, para melhorar os resultados clínicos. No entanto, desafios persistem, incluindo a resistência ao tratamento, toxicidade imunomediada e a necessidade de identificar biomarcadores preditivos mais robustos. Futuras direções na pesquisa incluem o desenvolvimento de terapias personalizadas baseadas em biomarcadores, modulação do microambiente tumoral e pesquisa contínua sobre estratégias de combinação terapêutica. Esses avanços e desafios destacam a importância contínua da pesquisa e inovação na busca por terapias mais eficazes e seguras para o tratamento do câncer.
ANÁLISE DA PREVALÊNCIA E DO PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DO ACIDENTE VASCULAR ENCEFÁLICO HEMORRÁGICO NO HOSPITAL REGIONAL DE BARBACENA (FHEMIG)
Authors: Teixeira Daniel Matos Souza Chartuni , Paula Pedro Hermann Braun de , Maia Athos Luiz Freire , Guimarães Helena Loyola , Oliveira Tarcísio Araújo de
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: O trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a prevalência do AVE hemorrágico e sua correlação com dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e seus fatores de risco, em pacientes atendidos no Hospital Regional de Barbacena Dr. José Américo (HRBJA), que atende Barbacena e a macrorregião centro-sul. Material e método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, de caráter descritivo, baseado em informações contidas em prontuários eletrônicos do HRBJA, de paciente acometidos com AVE no ano de 2019. Foram colhidos 394 prontuários, sendo 215 portadores de AVE isquêmico e 179 relacionados ao AVE hemorrágico. As variáveis colhidas pelos autores foram: tipo de AVE hemorrágico, sexo, idade, padrão motor, escala de Glasgow, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS), diabetes mellitus (DM), uso de anticoagulante, tabagismo e AVE prévio, todas relacionados ao prognóstico do paciente (alta, óbito e transferência). Resultados: O prognóstico favorável está relacionado ao tipo subaracnóideo, sexo feminino, idade menor que 60 anos, padrão motor sem alteração, escala de Glasgow leve, ausência de HAS, ausência de DM, não usuários de anticoagulante, não tabagistas e sem histórico de AVE prévio. Conclusão: Os pacientes identificados com AVE hemorrágico apresentavam maior prevalência de sexo masculino, idade menor que 60 anos e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Além disso, o subtipo de AVE hemorrágico mais prevalente observado foi a hemorragia subaracnóide. O melhor prognóstico avaliado como alta hospitalar associou-se com sexo feminino, alteração leve na Escala de Coma de Glasgow e nenhuma alteração do padrão sensitivo-motor.
Le renforcement
Authors: DELMAS Philippe , GOURC Jean-Pierre
Published: March 2024

Le renforcement est l’une des fonctions essentielles des géosynthétiques pour améliorer la stabilité des ouvrages géotechniques. Après avoir décrit les principes de base du renforcement, ce chapitre présente les propriétés mécaniques à court terme et à long terme des différents produits lors de leur prise en compte dans la conception. Les aspects normatifs, et les bonnes pratiques sont abordés grâce à des exemples d’ouvrages existants des principales applications du renforcement
Cloud Continuum et industrie 4.0
Authors: HADDADOU Kamel , PUJOLLE Guy
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre s’intéresse au Cloud Continuum dans l’Industrie 4.0. Il décrit l’introduction de la 5G dans cet environnement et en particulier il explique pourquoi l’utilisation des centres de données MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing) permet d’introduire une solution adaptée à l’Industrie 4.0. Enfin, l’usine numérique du futur est décrite en conclusion.
Le SDN
Authors: HADDADOU Kamel , PUJOLLE Guy
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre est dévolu à la technologie SDN (Software-Defined Networking). Il décrit le standard développé par l’ONF (Open Network Foundation) qui comporte les 3 couches de l’architecture SDN, application, contrôle et virtualisation. Il introduit également les interfaces nord, sud et est-ouest entre les trois couches de l’architecture de référence.
Les transports urbains non centralisés : le cas de Jakarta
Authors: DESMOULIÈRE Rémi
Published: March 2024

Ce chapitre étudie les services de minibus, de taxis collectifs et de motos-taxis qui répondent au jour le jour à une demande de mobilité croissante. Ces réseaux non centralisés préexistent aux réseaux centralisés de transport public, comme c’est le cas à Jakarta. Face à l’absence ou aux défaillances des pouvoirs publics, ils contribuent à atténuer les fractures spatiales produites par l’urbanisation.
L’homme et les porcins : plus de dix mille ans d’évolution commune
Authors: FRANTZ Laurent
Published: March 2024

Les porcs dérivent du sanglier dont les nombreuses sous espèces occupaient l’Eurasie et l’Afrique du Nord. Leur domestication, indépendamment au Proche-Orient et en Asie de l’Est, a porté d’abord sur des modifications du comportement et du développement pour une adaptation aux peuplements humains agricoles avec lesquels ils ont voyagé, s’hybridant régulièrement avec les sangliers et acquérant ainsi de nouvelles caractéristiques.
La domestication du lapin sauvage : éléments de génétique et de génomique
Authors: GARREAU Hervé , CALLOU Cécile
Published: March 2024

Originaire de la Péninsule Ibérique, le lapin sauvage occupe le pourtour méditerranéen pendant plusieurs millénaires avant d’envahir l’Europe occidentale puis le reste du monde sous l’action de l’homme. Après l’abandon il y a quelques siècles de l’exploitation des garennes, sa domestication et la création des races modifieront son développement cérébral et les gènes associés à la couleur de son pelage.
Reviews and Syntheses: Variable Inundation Across Earth’s Terrestrial Ecosystems
Authors: Stegen James , Burgin Amy , Busch Michelle , Fisher Joshua , Ladau Joshua , Abrahamson Jenna , Kinsman-Costello Lauren , Li Li , Chen Xingyuan , Datry Thibault , McDowell Nate , Tatariw Corianne , Braswell Anna , Deines Jillian , Guimond Julia , Regier Peter , Rod Kenton , Bam Edward , Fluet-Chouinard Etienne , Forbrich Inke , Jaeger Kristin , O'Meara Teri , Scheibe Tim , Seybold Erin , Sweetman Jon , Zheng Jianqiu , Allen Daniel , Herndon Elizabeth , Middleton Beth , Painter Scott , Roche Kevin , Scamardo Julianne , Vander Vorste Ross , Boye Kristin , Wohl Ellen , Zimmer Margaret , Hondula Kelly , Laan Maggi , Marshall Anna , Patel Kaizad
Published: March 2024

Abstract. The structure, function, and dynamics of Earth’s terrestrial ecosystems are profoundly influenced by the frequency and duration that they are inundated with water. A diverse array of natural and human engineered systems experience temporally variable inundation whereby they fluctuate between inundated and non-inundated states. Variable inundation spans from extreme flooding and droughts to predictable sub-daily cycles. Variably inundated ecosystems (VIEs) include hillslopes, non-perennial streams, wetlands, floodplains, temporary ponds, tidal systems, storm-impacted coastal zones, and human engineered systems. VIEs are diverse in terms of inundation regimes, water chemistry and flow velocity, soil and sediment properties, vegetation, and many other properties. The spatial and temporal scales of variable inundation are vast, ranging from sub-meter to whole landscapes and from sub-hourly to multi-decadal. The broad range of system types and scales makes it challenging to predict the hydrology, biogeochemistry, ecology, and physical evolution of VIEs. Despite all experiencing the loss and gain of an overlying water column, VIEs are rarely considered together in conceptual, theoretical, modeling, or measurement frameworks/approaches. Studying VIEs together has the potential to generate mechanistic understanding that is transferable across a much broader range of environmental conditions, relative to knowledge generated by studying any one VIE type. We postulate that enhanced transferability will be important for predicting VIE function under future, potentially non-analog, environmental conditions. Here we aim to catalyze cross-VIE science that studies drivers and impacts of variable inundation across Earth’s VIEs. To this end, we complement expert mini-reviews of eight major VIE systems with overviews of VIE-relevant methods and challenges associated with scale. We conclude with perspectives on how cross-VIE science can derive transferable understanding via a ‘continuum approach’ in which the impacts of variable inundation are studied across multi-dimensional environmental space.
General Relativistic Chronometry from Ground and in Space
Authors: Philipp Dennis , Hackmann Eva , Hackstein Jan , Laemmerzahl Claus
Published: March 2024

Geodesy's primary objective lies in the determination of Earth's gravity field through ground and space-based measurements. General relativity and, thus, relativistic geodesy, introduce a novel perspective, leveraging high-precision clock comparisons to potentially unveil a new tool for globally determining Earth's gravito-electric potential based on the gravitational redshift.In the pursuit of clock-based gravimetry, which involves chronometry in stationary spacetimes, precise expressions for the relativistic redshift and timing among observers in different configurations are presented. These observers, equipped with standard clocks, move on arbitrary worldlines. The analysis reveals how redshift measurements, employing clocks on the ground and/or in space, can be harnessed to deduce the (mass) multipole moments of the underlying spacetime geometry. Importantly, our findings align with the Newtonian potential determination via conventional methods such as the energy approach.The framework of chronometric geodesy is introduced and demonstrated across various exact vacuum spacetimes for clarity. The study extends to gravity degrees of freedom, encompassing gravito-magnetic contributions, with investigations into potential experiments for their determination. Looking ahead, upcoming gravity field recovery missions might incorporate clock comparisons as an additional resource for advanced data fusion.
A globally-consistent modelling approach to assess socio-economic wildfire risks
Authors: Steinmann Carmen B. , Koh Jonathan , Lüthi Samuel , Gübeli Samuel , Dallafior Tanja N. , Guillod Benoît P. , Kropf Chahan M. , Hantson Stijn , Bresch David N. , Araya Dahyann
Published: March 2024

Wildfires cause extensive damage to physical assets exposed to them. So far, assessing the risk of these events remains an understudied area of global disaster risk assessment. Probabilistic risk estimates covering the range and likelihood of devastating events are crucial for various applications such as prioritising adaptation measures and determining insurance pricing. Quantifying tail risks such as a one-in-a-hundred-year impact has important implications for disaster risk management, including the pricing of insurance. However, short observational time series render modelling efforts indispensable for risk assessments on a global scale. In parallel, increasing data availability allows for the use of machine learning techniques to predict wildfire behaviour. In this context, an open-source wildfire risk model based on globally available data would facilitate the accessibility of such analysis to stakeholders from both the public and private sector. Here, we present such a machine learning model that estimates wildfire probabilities and we integrate these within a global socio-economic risk framework. We determine burning probabilities based on MODIS burnt area, a set of predictors and a country-and-biome specific machine learning model. The chosen predictors include weather variables, land use covariates and population density. We enhance the model with spatial and temporal feature-engineered covariates, such as the count of neighbouring burnt cells and time since the last fire in each cell. The model employs XGBoost, a tree boosting system, tailored for each country and biome. The model generates stochastic, counterfactual historic wildfire seasons by leveraging the inherent randomness in its predictions, further influenced by temporal and spatial covariates.Secondly, we compute socio-economic impacts as the combination of the newly developed wildfire hazard, an exposure representing physical assets; and a vulnerability that was calibrated on historic fire damage data. We compute wildfire risks by combining the resulting impacts with their respective probabilities. This renders a globally consistent modelling approach of wildfire risk to physical assets. Our model's stochastic representation of wildfire hazards enables the analysis of extreme events with return periods extending beyond available observational data, enhancing our understanding of potential high-impact scenarios.  
Analysis of meteorological variables influence on the growing season in Europe
Authors: Dížková Petra , Bartošová Lenka , Poděbradská Markéta , Bláhová Monika , Fischer Milan , Semerádová Daniela , Balek Jan , Hájková Lenka , Žalud Zdeněk , Trnka Miroslav
Published: March 2024

Using remote sensing data to assess plant phenology is a useful method for monitoring areas at larger spatial scales. One of the most widely used methods for analyzing changes in the timing of the growing season is the employment of vegetation indices and phenological metrics (phenometrics) derived from them. Using phenometrics, it is possible to evaluate changes in the growing season for different land covers and different environmental conditions not only at the local level but also in larger areas. At the larger scales, the meteorological conditions and especially their influence on plant phenology can be more diverse. For the determination of basic phenometrics (the start of the growing season (SOS), the end of the growing season (EOS), and the length of the growing season (LGS)), we used Enhanced Vegetation Index2 (EVI2) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery. Phenometrics and their trends were calculated for four different land covers (arable land, broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, and grassland) in the time period from 2000 to 2022 in the central European region. Furthermore, the changes in the timing of the growing season were calculated in different altitude and environmental zones and their trends were compared with meteorological variables (e.g., minimum and maximum air temperature, length of day, global radiation, precipitation, soil moisture, etc.). Based on this analysis, the main factors influencing phenological changes for different land covers were evaluated in different environmental conditions.Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant AdAgriF - Advanced methods of greenhouse gases emission reduction and sequestration in agriculture and forest landscape for climate change mitigation (CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004635).
Antimony isotope composition of the bulk silicate Earth
Authors: Kaufmann Andreas , Lazarov Marina , Horn Ingo , Majzlan Juraj , Weyer Stefan
Published: March 2024

Antimony is an incompatible chalcophile element. Its concentration in the Earth’s mantle was estimated to ~0.14 μg g-1 Sb [3], while the Sb estimates for the upper continental crust scatter between 0.2 to 0.8 μg g-1 [4]. Recent analytical advances in the precision and accuracy of stable Sb isotope analyses allowed to assess the potential of δ123SbNIST3102a as a proxy for ore forming [1] and oxidation/weathering [2] processes. Application of this proxy, however, is limited by the lack of knowledge of the Sb isotope composition of the Earth and its fractionation during high-temperature cycling.Here, we present bulk rock Sb isotopic compositions of a range of basic and ultrabasic USGS reference materials (n = 12) from different settings and a suite of basic rocks (n = 3) from Hawaii, aiming to estimate the Sb isotopic composition of the bulk silicate Earth (BSE).  The sample suite shows an isotopic range (all values expressed hereafter as δ123SbNIST3102a) from -0.10 to +0.27 ‰. Two of the fifteen samples display an isotopic composition of > +0.24 ‰ which are, however, marked by low Nb/U, Ce/Pb, and elevated Zr/Nb, indicating crustal contamination in the magmatic source [5]. Excluding these two samples our analyzed sample suite shows an average δ123SbNIST3102a value of +0.01 ± 0.08‰ that we suggest as a preliminary reference value for the Sb isotope composition of the bulk Earth. Our findings furthermore provide first insights for Sb isotope variations in high-temperature rocks that may be related to recycling processes in the mantle.[1] Zhai et al. (2021), GCA. 3016, 84-97.[2] Ferrari et al. (2023), Chem. Geol. 641, 121788.[3] McDonough and Sun (1995), Chem. Geol. 120, 223-253.[4] Majzlan and Filella (2023), Geochem. In press, 126072.[5] Hofmann et al. (1986), EPSL. 79(1-2), 33-45.
Comparisons of radiosonde water vapor measurements with ECMWF ERA-5 and contrails observations above Clermont-Ferrand (France)
Authors: Diarra Sidy , Baray Jean-Luc , Montoux Nadège , Fréville Patrick , Peyrin Fréderic , Cacault Philippe , Keckhut Philippe
Published: March 2024

The cirrus clouds impact on the radiation budget of the Earth depends mainly of their optical thickness and altitude (Heymsfield et al., 2017). The contrails formed from aircraft emissions bring an additional impact to that of natural cirrus clouds (Kärcher, 2018). Their formation and potential evolution in cirrus clouds depend on the thermodynamical state of the atmosphere at fine scales, in particular of the saturation of water vapour with respect to ice. However, at their altitude of formation (~10 km), few reliable measurements of the water vapour are available.In this study, we use observational data on the presence of crystals through their scattering observed by lidar and water vapor measurements using the Raman scattering technique (Fréville et al., 2015). Observations from standard meteorological balloon soundings (temperature, water vapor, and wind) (Dupont et al., 2020), as well as meteorological reanalyses (ECMWF), will be also analyzed to better characterize the overall context, considering finer vertical resolutions.A first part of this study is to evaluate the quality of Modem M10 radiosondes humidity measurements available from the MeteoFrance network by comparison with ECMWF ERA-5 analysis. A second part of this study is to document contrails formation and evolution using a combination of instruments: an ADS-B recorder to identify aircraft type and position, a full sky camera to detect the presence of contrails and a collocated lidar to retrieve water vapour concentration profiles and macrophysical and optical properties of the contrail. The methodology and first results will be presented on a case study identified the 2nd of June 2023 above Clermont-Ferrand (France). Contrails have been observed when ECMWF ERA-5 relative humidity was around 115% and stay visible on the full-sky camera during more than 2 hours. This study is carried out in the framework of the European project BeCoM (Grant agreement ID: 101056885) whose main objective is to reduce the contrail radiative forcing. Keywords: water vapour, cirrus, contrail, Lidar, camera.                                Bibliography:Kärcher et al., (2018). Formation and radiative forcing of contrail cirrus. Nature communications, 9(1), 1824.Heymsfield et al., (2017). Cirrus clouds. Meteorological Monographs, 58, 2-1.Fréville et al. (2015). Lidar developments at Clermont-Ferrand – France for atmospheric observation, Sensors, 2015, 15, 3041-3069; doi:10.3390/s150203041Dupont et al., (2020). Characterization and corrections of relative humidity measurement from Meteomodem M10 radiosondes at midlatitude stations. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 37(5), 857-871.
Control processes of diurnal streamflow cycles along the longitudinal profile of an alpine river
Authors: Vormoor Klaus , Francke Till , Herzog Anna , Bronstert Axel
Published: March 2024

Snowmelt or ice melt typically control diurnal streamflow cycles during rain-free periods in high-altitude alpine catchments. Evapotranspiration-controlled streamflow cycles are less prominent, but can occur simultaneously (Mutzner et al., 2015). In general, the importance of evapotranspiration for the water balance of alpine catchments is likely to increase due to changing atmospheric boundary conditions and (related) changes in land cover. In this study, we focus on controls of diurnal streamflow cycles in the Fundusbach catchment (13 km²) in the Ötztal Alps (Austria). In addition to the official gauge at the catchment outlet, we have installed three further gauges along the longitudinal river profile. Here, we are recording the variability in water level/discharge at high temporal resolution (15 min) since June 2022. We have also adapted the deterministic spatially distributed hydrological model WaSiM with hourly and high spatial resolution (25 x 25 m²) for the Fundusbach catchment. Based on this model and the observation data, we are able todetermine the diurnal streamflow dynamics and their change along the longitudinal profile,
analyze the seasonal dynamics of diurnal streamflow patterns, and thus,
draw conclusions about the spatially and temporally changing control variables of the diurnal streamflow cycles (data- and model-attributed) for rain-free periods outside winter.
Results show that (i) the diurnal streamflow variability decreases along the longitudinal profile, (ii) the amplitude of meltwater driven runoff cycles decreases exponentially over the year, whereby (iii) evapotranspiration-driven cycles always seem to attenuate meltwater-driven cycles. At later points in the snow-free season, the signal of the evapotranspiration-induced streamflow cycles can occasionally be inferred directly from the measurement data. For these days, catchment evapotranspiration amounts can be determined from runoff data as the integral between the daily maximum (during nighttime) and minimum (during daytime). The results also indicate an altitude-dependency of the control processes along the longitudinal profile, which needs to be further investigated.Reference:Mutzner, R., Weijs, S.V., Tarolli, P., Calaf, M.C., Oldroyd, H.J., Parlange, M.B. (2015): Controls on the diurnal streamflow cycles in two subbasins of an alpine headwater catchment. Water Resour. Res., 51, 3403-3418. doi.org/10.1002/2014WR016581.
Impact of NOx emissions from lightning on mid-tropospheric ozone concentrations in the North Hemisphere: a modelling study
Authors: Ghosh Sanhita , Mailler Sylvain , Menut Laurent , Cholakian Arineh
Published: March 2024

The present study assesses the impact of the nitrogen oxides emissions from lightning (LiNOx) on mid-tropospheric ozone concentrations using simulations with the CHIMERE model, through a detailed evaluation of simulated tropospheric ozone (O3) with respect to observations. LiNOx emissions have been implemented in the model (CHIMERE v2020r1). The chemistry-transport model CHIMERE is coupled online with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological model. Two simulations have been carried out for year 2018, (i) including LiNOx emissions and (ii) without LiNOx emissions, in CHIMERE to examine the impact of LiNOx on the pollutant concentration in comparison to that without LiNOx emissions. In this study the simulations are performed over the northern hemisphere at a horizontal resolution of 100 km x 100 km.The experiments show an increase in surface-level O3 by 4-8 ppbv over most part of northern hemisphere, while a large increase by 10-20 ppbv is observed over parts of south America and Africa due to inclusion of LiNOx. The increase in simulated O3 is high (10-20 ppbv) at middle troposphere in comparison to surface and upper troposphere. We have compared the model outputs to radiosonde measurements (World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre), showing that including the NOx emissions from lightning substantially improves the realism of model simulations, significantly reducing bias and error when compared to measurements. This is particularly true in the middle troposphere. These results show that, for hemispheric or global studies, it is very important to include a realistic representation of lightning NOx emissions, because they critically influence ozone concentrations, but also the concentrations of OH, and therefore the lifetime of many greenhouse and trace gases such as methane.
Atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements at a single height provide weak constraint on the surface carbon exchange.
Authors: Faassen Kim , Luijkx Ingrid , Vilà-Guerau de Arellano Jordi , González-Armas Raquel , Heusinkveld Bert , Mammarella Ivan , Peters Wouter
Published: March 2024

The ratios of atmospheric tracers are often used to interpret the local CO2 budget, where measurements at a single height are assumed to represent local flux signatures. Alternatively, these signatures can be derived from direct flux measurements or using fluxes derived from measurements at multiple heights. In this study, we contrast interpretation of surface CO2 exchange from tracer ratio measurements at a single height versus measurements at multiple heights. Specifically, we analyse the ratio between atmospheric O2 and CO2 (exchange ratio, ER) above a forest canopy. We consider two alternative approaches: the exchange ratio of the forest (ERforest) obtained from the ratio of the surface fluxes of O2 and CO2, derived from their vertical gradients measured at multiple heights, and the exchange ratio of the atmosphere (ERatmos) obtained from changes in the O2 and CO2 mole fractions over time measured at a single measurement height. We investigate the diurnal cycle of both ER signals, with the goal to relate the ERatmos signal to the ERforest signal and to understand the biophysical meaning of the ERatmos signal. We combined CO2 and O2 measurements from Hyytiälä, Finland during spring and summer of 2018 and 2019 with a conceptual land-atmosphere model and a theoretical relationship between ERatmos and ERforest to investigate the behaviour of ERatmos and ERforest during different environmental conditions. We show that the ERatmos signal rarely directly represents the forest exchange, mainly because it is influenced by entrainment of air from the free troposphere into the atmospheric boundary layer. The resulting ERatmos signal is not the average of the contributing processes, but rather an indication of the influence of large scale processes such as entrainment or advection. We conclude that the ERatmos only provides a weak constraint on local scale surface CO2 exchange, because large scale processes confound the signal. Single height measurements therefore always require careful selection of the time of day and should be combined with atmospheric modelling to yield a meaningful representation of forest carbon exchange. More generally, we recommend to always measure at multiple heights when using multi-tracer measurements to study surface CO2 exchange.
Assessing impacts of vegetation changes on water availability in the upper Yellow River Basin, China
Authors: Wang Yan , Wang Guoqing , Deng Xiyuan , Ruan Yuli
Published: March 2024

Changes in vegetation are expected to influence terrestrial water and energy fluxes; however, the impacts of vegetation changes on water availability remain controversial. In this study, we applied the Community Land Model, version 4.5 (CLM4.5) coupled with the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological parameterizations to the upper Yellow River Basin (UYRB), which is the most important water conservation area in the Yellow River Basin, to investigate the impacts of vegetation changes on water availability in the area. The results showed a pronounced greening trend in the UYRB from 1982 to 2018, resulting in increased evapotranspiration, decreased runoff, drier soil conditions, and decreased water yield. The water reduction effect of vegetation greening is more pronounced in water-limited areas than in energy-limited areas. This study highlights the diverse hydrological responses to vegetation changes under different climatic conditions and land cover types. It is crucial for ecological restoration policies in China to recognize these distinctions and their potential negative impacts on water availability, especially in water-limited regions.
 Air Emission Inventory and AI- based Air Quality Forecasting Models for Developing Countries: A Case Study of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Ho Quoc Bang , Vu Khue Hoang Ngoc , Nguyen Tam Thoai , Carbajo Ricardo Simon
Published: March 2024

Outdoor air pollution damages the climate and causes many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, respiratory infections, and lung damage. Understating of air pollution sources and accurate hourly forecasting of air pollution concentrations is thus of significant importance for public health, helping the citizens to plan the measures to alleviate the harmful effects of air pollution on health. This study conducts air emision inventory (EI), analyses and discusses the temporal characteristics of air pollutants at different locations in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam - an economic center and a megacity in a developing country with a population of 8.99 million people and more than 8 million of private vehicles.A combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches was employed to conduct air pollution EI, in which EMISENS model was utilized to generate the EI for road traffic sources. The results showed that the motorcycles were the main reasons of emission in HCMC, contributing 90% of CO, 68% of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), 63% of CH4, 41% of SO2, 29% of NOx, and 18% of patriculate matter (PM2.5).We developed several AI-based one-shot multi-step PM2.5 forecasting models, with both an hourly forecast granularity (1h to 24h) and a 24-hour rolling mean. These Machine Learning algorithms include Stochastic Gradient Descent Regressor, hybrid 1D CNN-LSTM, eXtreme Gradient Boosting Regressor, and Prophet. We collected the data from six monitoring stations installed by the HealthyAir project partners at different locations in HCMC, including traffic, residential and industrial areas in the city. In addition, we developed a suitable model training protocol using data from a short period to address the non-stationarity of PM2.5 time series. Our proposed PM2.5 forecasting models achieve state-of-the-art accuracy and will be deployed in our HealthyAir mobile app to warn HCMC citizens of air pollution issues in the city. 