bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social media infrastructure of the Russians civic participation: the analysis of audience intersection graphs for socio-political communities on Runet
Authors: Dombrovskaya Anna Y. , Parma Roman V. , Azarov Arthur A.
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of the analysis of the digital infrastructure of civil and political participation of Russians, it shows the connections between the audiences of online network communities, reflecting markers of the attitude of Russian social media users to the current government and indicators of the involvement of Russian citizens in the implementation of social initiatives. To construct graphs, we used a tool for unloading information and modeling the infrastructure of social connections of graphs, created on the basis of the programming language R. Additionally, the vkR packages were used to unload information from the VKontakte social network, as well as the igraph and ggraph packages for working with graphs and arcdiagram for visualisation. To interpret the empirical data, the principles of the network approach and the methodology of smart search for digital markers of socio-political processes were applied. As a result of the study, indicators of the density of communications between digital groups of political and civil participation were revealed, and the intersection of their audiences was established. Segments of the infrastructure of connections are shown both for all socio-media communities (research cases) and for each block of communities classified on two grounds: orientation (loyal or critically oriented towards the authorities) and type of group (political or civil). The intersection of audiences of loyalist and oppositional online communities was revealed and reflected in the graphs. The disunity and distance between loyalist, conventional audiences of groups carrying out political communication from civil groups, who are also constructively disposed towards the authorities, are shown. Revealed and graphically interpreted the techniques of capturing the user audience in the activities of opposition online leaders. Risks of a low density of connections between audiences of loyal social media communities have been substantiated. A relatively high density of connections has been established between opposition political online groups aimed at forming unconventional, deconsolidating attitudes of Russian social media users. Basic measures have been formulated to overcome the danger of consolidating supporters of opposition digital groups and the risks of increasing the influence of critical online leaders among the loyalist audience.
Civic identity and acculturation expectations of Muscovites and Tallinn residents: the role of perceived threat. 2021
Authors: Rodionov Germogen Y.
Published: June 2021

Currently, Russia ranks fourth in terms of the influx of migrants (officially, their number in the country is 12 million), with most of them concentrated in Moscow. In Estonia, the influx of migrants is significantly lower, however, after the collapse of the USSR, quite a lot of Russians ended up in the status of an ethnic minority. At the moment they make up almost a quarter of the population of Estonia (the total number is more than 300 thousand people). This study examines the role of perceived threat as a moderator of the link between civic identity and acculturation expectations in two different ethnic groups in two different countries. The aim of the study is to provide the answers to the questions: What role does perceived threat play in the relationship between civic identity and the acculturation expectations of the host population? Is the perceived threat a moderator? What are the differences in the role of the perceived threat in different contexts: from Muscovites (ethnic Russians) to migrants and from Tallinn residents (ethnic Estonians) to Russians who are an ethnic minority? This study was conducted using an online socio-psychological survey. The responses of the survey participants determined the level of civic identity, perceived threat and acculturation expectations. The sample consisted of 214 ethnic Russians living in Moscow and 288 ethnic Estonians living in Tallinn. The results of the study showed that the perceived threat is a moderator of the connection between civic identity and integration among Muscovites. It is significant that here the cultural and economic threat became the moderator, and the physical threat turned out to be significant only at the level of tendencies. For Tallinn residents, the perceived economic threat turned out to be a moderator of the link between civicl identity and the "melting pot", and the physical threat - a moderator of civic identity and "segregation." Thus, the cultural threat did not show any influence among Tallinn residents. It should be noted that the moderation effect worked differently in each group. For Muscovites, the perceived threat was associated with integration attitudes. In Tallinn, it has shown links with two strategies that imply a complete lack of integration.
Catolicismo social y feminismo conservador: María de Echarri y Dolors Monserdà
Authors: Velo Fabregat Elisabet
Published: June 2021

María de Echarri y Dolors Monserdà fueron dos de las figuras más significativas del feminismo católico de principios del siglo XX. La prensa fue uno de los altavoces más importantes para la difusión de las ideas de ambas propagandistas sobre la situación laboral de las obreras, así como la defensa del catolicismo, que les valieron una relevancia social y política muy importante. En este trabajo se repasarán algunos de sus escritos publicados en la prensa que mostrarán su pensamiento social, con el objetivo de plasmar cuáles fueron sus ideas, adscritas a dos movimientos ideológicos: el feminismo conservador y el catolicismo social.
Comunes frente a los cercamientos y extractivismos de sobreexplotación: una revisión desde el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19
Authors: Razo Godínez Laura Cecilia
Published: June 2021

La vuelta de los comunes ha sido la respuesta contrahegemónica más clara del siglo pasado frente al modelo neoliberal de cercamiento y extracción en los sures geográficos y políticos del mundo, específicamente en América Latina. Esto ha probado que los comunes no son solo un hecho existente en la realidad social rural y urbana, sino que, pueden ser vistos desde la óptica institucional y, sobre todo, como un proceso cultural cuyo alcance transformador viene a dar un nuevo valor a estructuras jurídicas y políticas. En el contexto de la pandemia, los comunes han demostrado ser necesarios para responder a las crisis colectivas que afrontamos. Son una resistencia fundamental que busca comunizar los derechos a través de la reapropiación de los espacios que permiten la reproducción de la vida.
QUANTITATIVE PARAMETERS AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UTERINE TUBES AMPULLAE IN THE FIRST PERIOD OF ADULTHOOD
Authors: Nekrasova Anna M. , Balandina Irina A.
Published: June 2021

The study of the age-related anatomical variability, its exact morphological characteristics in adulthood, established using modern research methods, are needed, which can serve as a criterion for a conditional norm. The aim of the study is to determine the macro- and micro-morphometric parameters of the ampulla of the fallopian tubes of women in the first period of adulthood using prosection material and their morphological characteristics. The ampulla of both fallopian tubes of 44 nulliparous and 58 giving birth women of the first period of adulthood (from 21 to 35 years) were examined. Organometric, histological, immunohistochemical and macro- and micro-morphometric research methods were used. It determined the length of the ampoules, their outer diameter at the junction of the isthmus in the ampoule, in the central part of the ampoule and at the junction of the ampoule in the funnel. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picro fuchsin according to van Gieson. In the immunohistochemical study of the samples, antibodies against vimentin and the CD68 marker were used. The area of ​​the lumen of the ampulla of the fallopian tube and the area of ​​its wall was calculated, and the circumference of the epithelial lining was measured. As a result, it was found that the outer diameter of the fallopian tubes at the junction of the isthmus into the ampulla and the ampoule into the funnel, as well as in the central part of the ampoule, is characterized by the absence of a statistically significant difference in parameters in nulliparous and giving birth women. The histological picture of the ampulla of the fallopian tubes both in nulliparous and in women giving birth in the first period of adulthood is of the same type and is represented by a mucous membrane that forms many thin papillary folds, internal circular and external longitudinal layers of smooth muscle tissue of the muscular membrane and the serous membrane. The detection in the tissues of the ampulla of the fallopian tubes in nulliparous and giving birth women in a moderate amount of CD68-immunopositive macrophages, the concentration of which increases in the epithelium and near it, as well as the expression of vimentin in the vessel walls and individual fibroblasts, indicates the presence of physiological tissue regeneration processes. Analysis of the indicators of the areas of the lumen of the ampoule and its wall at the median section, as well as the circumference of the epithelial lining, allows us to conclude that these parameters predominate in the right fallopian tube.
BODY TYPES AND ANATOMICAL VARIABILITY OF THE THYROID GLAND IN WOMEN
Authors: Kazantseva Ekaterina V. , Starchik Dmitry A.
Published: June 2021

One of the tasks of science of the constitution, along with the definition of a human's somatotype, is to identify the characteristic typological features of a body region, morphological and functional system or an individual organ, which, in combination with new morphological and clinical research methods, is of great scientific and practical importance. Interest in morphological and functional studies of the thyroid gland has been steadily growing over the past thirty years, which is associated with an increase in oncological diseases of this organ in young women and is caused by the deterioration of the environment and radiation pollution of the environment as a result of technological disasters. In addition, the development of iodine-deficient conditions increases, which affect the function of the thyroid gland. The purpose of the review is a descriptive meta-analysis of modern scientific data on the structure of the thyroid gland depending on the parameters of the neck and constitutional and typological characteristics of women. It was found that despite the large number of publications devoted to the morphology of the thyroid gland, most of the parameters of this organ were obtained only by standard ultrasound examination; insufficiently studied tissue organization of the gland at the macro-microscopic level; there is no unified classification of forms of the thyroid gland and data on the distribution of their frequency in persons of different sex; the relationship of the anatomical characteristics of this organ with the size of the neck, as well as with the somatotype, has not been sufficiently studied. It is noted that the majority of authors who carry out somatotyping prefer one scheme of constitutional diagnostics and rarely use a set of methods. Obviously, due to the increase in the incidence of the thyroid gland in young people, the objects of research should be people of young age. The increase in the frequency of oncological diseases of the thyroid gland and the success of endocrine surgery require a new approach to patients and dictate the need for a comprehensive study of this organ, taking into account the local and general constitution in women of a mature age period. Until now, researchers do not have an exact answer to the question of what constitutionally determined features can be identified in the neck area and whether there is a connection between the main morphological parameters of the thyroid gland with the somatotype and physical development of a person. Comprehensive studies of the thyroid gland, taking into account the parameters of the neck and constitutional variability of a person, may have new theoretical and practical significance.
Nurses' Living Caritas Processes as Described by Mothers, Fathers, and Grandmothers in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Hawthorne Dawn Marie , Turkel Marion , Barry Charlotte D. , Flack Lisa
Published: June 2021

Infants who are born premature require hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In this study, 10 parents and seven grandmothers were interviewed with the purpose of exploring their experiences of having a premature infant in the NICU being cared for by nurses whose practice was grounded in Watson's theory of human caring caritas processes. Qualitative descriptive analysis revealed expressions of the caring moment lived as an intentional presence, within the context of the caritas processes to care for the infant and family, with loving-kindness, helping trusting relationship, creating caring healing environment, and allowing for hope and miracles.
Understanding the Meaning of Doubt, Despair, and Belief in Caring Sciences
Authors: Bergbom Ingegerd Lilian , Lindström Unni , Eriksson Katie , Nåden Dagfinn
Published: June 2021

Healthcare professionals encounter patients' and relatives' expressions of doubt, despair, and hope in relation to illness and suffering. These feelings and experiences are often challenging for patients, relatives, and carers to face. The article's purpose is to describe and discuss how the meaning of doubt, despair, dread, and belief can be understood through Kierkegaard's and Spinoza's philosophical thoughts, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of caring and knowledge in caring science. Dread, doubt, and despair have their roots in grief and powerlessness but are also connected to belief and faith, which create an inner strength that can alleviate suffering.
Nursing Students' Perceptions of Faculty Caring as a Predictor of Students' Caring Behaviors
Authors: Wei Holly , Henderson Dalton , Peery Annette , Andrews Alta
Published: June 2021

This cross-sectional, descriptive survey study aimed to examine the relationships among nursing students' perceptions of faculty caring, students' caring behaviors, and their confidence, satisfaction, and empathy in an undergraduate nursing program. The instruments included the Caring Behaviors Inventory-16 Student Version, Nursing Students' Perceptions of Instructor Caring, and students' confidence, satisfaction, and empathy. There were significant pair-wise relationships among students' perceptions of faculty caring, students' caring behaviors, satisfaction, confidence, and empathy. Students' perceptions of faculty caring were a significant predictor for students' caring behaviors. These findings are significant in future designing and implementing interventions to enhance students' learning experiences.
Implementing Health Protocol in University Libraries of Muhammadiyah –‘Aisyiyah
Authors: Sundari Yanti , Winata Arda Putri , Wulansari Ayu
Published: June 2021

Background of the study: Libraries have an important role in supporting the online learning process during a pandemic. Several university libraries provide services to meet the information needs of the academic community. The library provides services by implementing a health protocol.
Objective: To discuss the extent of the implementation of health protocols in the Muhammadiyah 'Aisyiyah College Library (PTMA).
Research Methods: This research was conducted with a quantitative descriptive approach using a semi-open questionnaire method. Respondents in this study consisted of 126 PTMA libraries from a total of 174 PTMA libraries throughout Indonesia.
Results: Several protocols implemented in the PTMA Library include: implementing physical distancing, using masks, providing hand sanitizer, checking body temperature, limiting the number of users to the library, preparing hand washing stations, sterilizing booths, treatment of returned collections, and using gloves. .
Conclusion: PTMA libraries during the pandemic have carried out library services by following the health protocol standards applied in each library.
Affectivity, Social Adjustment and Librarians’ User Relation: Experience of Nigerian Librarians
Authors: Adeyemi Ismail O. , Temim Fatima , Uzamot Waliyah Omotayo
Published: June 2021

Background of the study: It has been observed that there is knowledge gap on how librarians’ affectivity and social adjustment predict user relation. Moreover, it has been shown overtime that human’s behavioural qualities may have a possible effect on interaction with people. All of these concerns necessitate this study.
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between affectivity, social adjustment and Nigerian librarians’ user relation.
Method: The authors adopt correlational research design and web-based questionnaire was used to collect data for the study. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for the study. The total response rate was 178.
Findings: It was found in the study that negative affectivity such as threat and hostility have poor effect on user relation. Contrastingly, it was revealed that positive affectivity such as subjective well-being and happiness ensure optimal library user relation. It was revealed that Nigerian librarians see opportunities in user relation, which can be used to improve the library image and effective service inside.
Conclusion: It was established that affectivity has statistically significant relationship with user relation. Also, it was shown that social adjustment has statistical significant relationship with user relation.
Preservation and Conservation of Lontar Gedong Kirtya Liefrinck-Van Der Tuuk Singaraja Bali
Authors: Narendra Albertoes Pramoekti
Published: June 2021

Background of study: Lontar used as a writing tool before people know the paper. One of the world famous lontar library collections is the Lontar Gedong Kirtya Museum. Gedong Kirtya and the Buleleng Museum are located in the Singaraja Sasana Budaya Art Temple, on Jalan Veteran no. 23 Singaraja Bali. Gedong Kirtya is one of the oldest lontar libraries in Indonesia and even in the world which is a heritage of knowledge of the nation's local cultural knowledge.
Purpose: This study is to determine the concrete efforts made to preserve the ancient lontar manuscripts.
Method: This study used a qualitative descriptive method using interviews, observations at the Gedong Kirtya museum and books to find out the care and care of lontar manuscripts.
Findings: The results showed that the Lontar Gedong Kirtya Museum carried out various preservation and conservation efforts of lontar collections which were realized by storing the palm oil in a special place, maintaining the air temperature in the collection room, cleaning the lontar collection with special chemicals so that the letters do not fade, reforming the lontar manuscripts, and reproduction.
Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is that preservation and conservation efforts have been carried out in steps that adjust to the damage that has occurred. This effort was realized through the action of storing in a special place, maintaining the air temperature in the collection room, cleaning the lontar collection with special chemicals so that the letters do not fade, reforming lontar manuscripts, and reproducing so that the manuscript can still survive today.
Reflection of Librarians in East Java Province on the Phenomenon of the Transformation Program of Social Inclusion Based Library
Authors: Safira Fidan , Laksmi Laksmi
Published: June 2021

Background of the study: The reflection of librarians is the efforts of librarians in understanding their actions. Librarian's reflection is one of the effort to evaluating. Also to identifying learning from the actions taken.
Purpose: This study aims to identify the reflection librarians in driving the phenomenon.
Method: This study uses a qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach. The informant is the librarian public libraries was select by purposive sampling.
Findings: The reflection of librarians is learning in doing work. Based on the four stages, librarians can identify new knowledge and abilities. Librarians play an important role in facilitating the information needs of the community. The role of librarians in defining community problems is key. So, the services facilitated by libraries are under the conditions of the community.
Conclusion: The reflection involves librarian awareness actions. Librarians are always direct towards phenomena or also called intentionality. This action then generates new knowledge and skills. Suggestions for librarians is that librarians must get out of the routine of library technical activities. Librarians must have interpersonal skills. Librarian also must have the ability to understand community psychology and organizational dynamics.
Skin manifestations of COVID-19 in a pregnant woman with premature rupture of membranes: A case report
Authors: Sulistyowati Sri , Anggraini Nutria Widya Purna
Published: June 2021

The number of COVID-19 cases, especially with pregnancy, remains a problem in the world and in Indonesia. The main clinical symptoms include fever (temperature >38oC), cough, and shortness of breath. In addition, it can be accompanied by fatigue, myalgia, gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, and even recently found manifestations of skin disorders. Skin manifestations in COVID-19 pregnant patients are still a rare condition. Skin manifestations can be an early sign of such infection, which therefore requires clinicians’ notice to allow them to conduct early COVID-19 screening in pregnant women for better outcomes of the mother and the baby. We present a 26-year-old primigravida at 39 weeks of gestational age with premature rupture of membranes and COVID-19 infection. Her complaints included itchy maculopapular rash and urticaria, then the pregnancy was terminated by a caesarean section, and the baby was born with good conditions. The skin lesions were given a mixture of corticosteroid cream and fusidic acid. The mother and the baby were discharged in a good condition.
Relationship between knowledge of acute respiratory tract infection and use of face masks in motorcyle online drivers
Authors: Saepudin Ahmad , Margo Eveline
Published: June 2021

Background: Data in 2013 states that the prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) is 25%. One of the factors that cause ISPA is air pollution. This factor is one of the risk factors for motorcycle taxi drivers who are always exposed to air pollution. Knowledge of ARI that is sufficient to influence the use of masks can help prevent ARI from occurring. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge of ARI and the behaviour of using masks among online motorcycle drivers. Methods: This study was an analytical observational with a cross-sectional design attended by 139 online motor cycle drivers around Grogol, Petamburan, West Jakarta, from July to December 2017. Data collection was done by filling out a questionnaire that includes demographic data, the use of masks, and knowledge of ARI. Data analysis used Fisher's test with significance level p<0,05. Results: A total of 139 respondents were collected, consisting of 131 (94.2%) men and 8 (5.8%) women. The average age of ≥ 30 years old is 77 (55.4%) people. Most respondents' education level was SMA/SMK/SLTA as many as 111 (79.9%) people. From the results of Fisher's test, it was found that the probability value p=0.362 was greater than the significance value (0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge about ARI and the use of masks among online motorcycle drivers.
Prevalence and characteristics of sleep problems of Indonesian children in 0 – 36 months old
Authors: Retnosari Giwang Yayi , Irwanto Irwanto , Herawati Lilik
Published: June 2021

Background: A quarter of child population experiences sleep problems in their first three years of life. Inadequacy and problems of sleep for children may be caused by various causes that impact their mental health, emotional states, physical states, and immune systems. This also may culminate to behavioural problems. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of sleep problems in 0–36 months old Indonesian children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia. Children aged 0–36 months old were enrolled by using a quota sampling. Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) was used in this study to assess the sleep problems. All obtained data were presented as a distribution and percentage of each variable referring to the BISQ indicators. Results: A total of 493 children were enrolled in this study. This study found that there were 153 children (31%) who had experienced sleep problems, 79 children (16%) who had nocturnal sleep duration less than 9 hours, 62 children (12,8%) who had nocturnal waking more than 3 times, and 20 children (4%) who had duration of wakefulness during the night more than 1 hour respectively. Conclusion: Although majority of parents thought that there were no sleeping problems with their children, the prevalence of sleep problems in 0–36 months old Indonesian children was quite high (31%), suggesting low parental awareness towards sleep problems of their children.
Aedes aegypti as potential vector of filariasis in Pekalongan, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Istianah Siti , Mulyaningsih Budi , Umniyati Sitti Rahmah , Arguni Eggi
Published: June 2021

Background: The filariasis elimination program in Indonesia has been conducted, but new cases and some chronic cases are still often found. Objective: This study aims to determine levels of endemicity and to identify filarial worm species in filariasis cases and s and their surrounding communities by using microscopic examination, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to examine levels of infection in vectors mosquito by surgery and PCR. Also to to determine that Ae. aegypti can act as vector of filariasis. Methods: This study was conducted at 10 locations in Pekalongan Regency, Central Java Province, with a cross sectional design. Intravenous blood sampling was conducted on 102 respondents consisting of 10 elephantiasis patients and 92 non-elephantiasis patients at night, starting at 8 pm, then examined microscopically and PCR. Mosquitoes in this study were collected by using a human landing collection method for 12 hours from 6 pm to 6 am by volunteers. Artificial infection of microfilaria W. bancrofti was held against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae.aegypti from laboratory collection. Results: Results of this study found that there were 5.729 of mosquitos, consisting of 8 species, namely Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex vishnui, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles subpictus, Anopheles vagus, and Armigeres kesseli. Microfilarial (mf) rate was 0.89%, and and the blood PCR showed infection rate of 3.92% and the blood PCR showed infection rate of 3.92%. No larva was found in female mosquito dissection. The PCR results showed that the infection rate was 9.10% in Ae. aegypty pool respectively. Artificial infection results was negative both dissecting microscopis and PCR. Conclusion: This study revealed that the locations were low of filariasis endemicity. The mf rate was less than 1%, and there was a moderate density to high density of microfilaria in the patients. The low level of infection rates in mosquito is suggested as an alert to its potential transmission.
Stakeholder Analysis of Implementation of Social Forestry Program at KPH Telawa, Central Java
Authors:   Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai, Hastanti Baharina
Published: June 2021

Social Forestry at Java island or known as IPHPS (Permit for the Utilization of Social Forestry) is part of the agrarian reform of the forestry sector which expected to solve tenurial problems and improve forest governance. The successful implementation of this program could not be separated of the roles of stakeholder involved. This study aimed to 1) identified stakeholders and their roles in the implementation of IPHPS, and 2) analyzed the relationships between stakeholders in the implementation of IPHPS. This research was conducted in the KPH Telawa area of Boyolali Regency, Central Java. This research uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collection was done by observation, interviews, and literature studies. Data were analyzed based on the research objectives at stakeholder analysis conducted by identifying stakeholders and their roles as well as the relationships between them in the implementation of IPHPS. They involved in the implementation of IPHPS at the Telawa KPH included Perhutani (KPH) Telawa, KTH IPHPS holders (Wonomakmur 1, Wonomakmur 2, Wonolestari 1, and Wonolestari 2) LMDH Participants PHBM, BPKH IX, BPDASHL Pemali Jratun, Field Companion, BDK Kadipaten, Forestry Foundation, NGO Rejo Semut Ireng, PSKL, LHK Office of Central Java Province, BPSKL Jabalnusra, Forest Development Financing Center Public Service Agency (P3H-BLU). Each of the above stakeholders has their respective strengths and interests. This affects the pattern of relations between the stakeholders which in turn will determine the results of the program. A good relationship will support the successful implementation of the program while a bad relationship can hamper the implementation of the program.
Summer dry events on synoptic and intraseasonal timescales in the Southeast Region of Brazil
Authors: Bier Anderson Augusto , Ferraz Simone Erotilde Teleginski , Ambrizzi Tercio
Published: June 2021

The occurrence of dry events in the Southeast Region of Brazil (SEB) during summer (rainfall season) has been in evidence in the last years, mainly due to previous extreme events in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons. Drought analyses are usually carried out with monthly data. Here our methodology addresses the issue with daily data to generate a thorough analysis. Dry events were evaluated in different homogeneous precipitation sub-regions within the SEB, over 37 December-February (DJF) seasons and with two different timescales of duration: synoptic (5-9 days) and intraseasonal (≥10 days). Two main distinct dynamic patterns were found for dry events in southern and central-northern parts of SEB, respectively, but no significant differences were identified in the different timescales of occurrence. Southern events were characterized by a stationary ridge acting over the whole of southern South America, making the approximation of the transient system to southern SEB difficult. At the same time, this pattern showed a northern-shifted South Atlantic Convergence Zone (SACZ) configuration. In the central-northern events, a high pressure centered between Brazil’s South and Southeast regions was associated with the dryness conditions. An anomalous southward shift of meteorological systems characteristic of the South American summer was also verified for these events. Over the South Atlantic, an opposite SST anomaly configuration was identified between southern and central-northern events.
Partial COVID-19 lockdown effect in atmospheric pollutants and indirect impact in UV radiation in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Becerra-Rondón Adriana , Ducati Jorge , Haag Rafael
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced a significant decrease in industrial activities and other anthropogenic interventions on the environment, followed by a reduction of the emission of pollutant gases and aerosols. Monitoring of air quality is commonly performed through automatic stations, which can provide nearly real-time, accurate information. However, stations located in urban areas are subject to maintenance problems and extensive coverage for large areas is not feasible. As an alternative approach, data from orbital sensors can provide useful information for large areas at a low cost. Consequently, this study aimed to analyze the partial COVID-19 lockdown effect in atmospheric pollutants and its indirect impact in UV radiation in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data on concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), total ozone (O3), and ultraviolet index (UVI) acquired by the OMI sensor aboard the Aura satellite were accessed for May, for the entire period 2010 to 2018, 2019, and 2020. Differences between these time series were calculated. Results showed significant reductions in NO2 in most of the study area by as much as 33.9%, followed by increases in total ozone of up to 3.5% and the UVI by up to 4.8%. Although NO2 plays a fundamental role in stratospheric chemistry, our results suggest that its decrease in 2020 was not directly responsible for the increase in total O3; however, NO2 was partially the cause for the increase in UVI, which in turn led to the heating of the stratosphere, generating an increase in O3.
Machine Learning Techniques and Syntactic Pattern Recognition Based Heart Disease Prediction for Smart Health
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Samir , Dutta Shawni
Published: June 2021

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) may sometimes unexpected loss of life. It affects the heart and blood vessels of body. CVD plays an important factor of life since it may cause death of human. It is necessary to detect early of this disease for securing patients life. In this chpter two exclusively different methods are proposed for detection of heart disease. The first one is Pattern Recognition Approach with grammatical concept and the second one is machine learning approach. In the syntactic pattern recognition approach initially ECG wave from different leads is decomposed into pattern primitive based on diagnostic criteria. These primitives are then used as terminals of the proposed grammar. Pattern primitives are then input to the grammar. The parsing table is created in a tabular form. It finally indicates the patient with any disease or normal. Here five diseases beside normal are considered. Different Machine Learning (ML) approaches may be used for detecting patients with CVD and assisting health care systems also. These are useful for learning and utilizing the patterns discovered from large databases. It applies to a set of information in order to recognize underlying relationship patterns from the information set. It is basically a learning stage. Unknown incoming set of patterns can be tested using these methods. Due to its self-adaptive structure Deep Learning (DL) can process information with minimal processing time. DL exemplifies the use of neural network. A predictive model follows DL techniques for analyzing and assessing patients with heart disease. A hybrid approach based on Convolutional Layer and Gated-Recurrent Unit (GRU) are used in the paper for diagnosing the heart disease.
Surface Activity of Humic Acid and Its Sub-fractions from Forest Soil
Authors: Tian Shijie , Tan Weiqiang , Wang Xinyuan , Li Tingting , Song Fanhao , Huang Nannan
Published: June 2021

Surface activity of humic acid (HA) and its six sub-fractions isolated from forest soil were characterized by surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering, and laser doppler electrophoresis. The surface tension of HA sub-fractions decreased from 72.4 mN·m-1 to 36.8 mN·m-1 with the increasing concentration from 0 to 20000 mg·L-1. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of HA and its sub-fractions ranged from 216 to 1024 mg·L-1 with the multiple linear regression equation of CMC = 18896–6.9×C–296×alkyl-C–331×aromatic-C–17019×H/C+4054×HB/HI (p < 0.05). The Z-average particle size ranges from 108.2 nm to 186.9 nm. The maximum particle size was 5000 nm after filtered with a membrane of 0.45 μm, indicating HA and its sub-fractions progressed self-assembly during 2000 mg·L-1, pH = 6.86. The number-base particle size distribution of HA sub-fractions was identified as four peaks by Gaussian model, and the aggregate sizes were mainly in six clusters including 2 ± 1 nm, 5 ± 2 nm, 10 ± 3 nm, 21 ± 8 nm, 40 ± 10 nm, and > 50 nm indicating multiple aggregations of different particle sizes in the HA fractions solution.
Spectral Optical Properties of Rabbit Brain Cortex Between 200 and 1000 nm
Authors: Gonçalves Tânia , Martins Inês Soraia , Silva Hugo , Tuchin Valery , Oliveira Luís
Published: June 2021

The knowledge of the optical properties of biological tissues in a wide spectral range is highly important for the development of noninvasive diagnostic or treatment procedures. The absorption coefficient is one of those properties, from which various information about tissue components can be retrieved. Using transmittance and reflectance spectral measurements acquired from ex vivo rabbit brain cortex samples, allowed to calculate its optical properties in the ultraviolet to the near infrared spectral range. Melanin and lipofuscin, the two pigments that are related to the ageing of tissues and cells were identified in the cortex absorption. By subtracting the absorption of these pigments from the absorption of the brain cortex, it was possible to evaluate the true ratios for the DNA/RNA and hemoglobin bands in the cortex – 12.33 fold (at 260 nm), 12.02 fold (at 411 nm) and 4.47 fold (at 555 nm). Due to the fact that the accumulation of melanin and lipofuscin increases with the ageing of the brain tissues and are related to the degeneration of neurons and their death, further studies should be performed to evaluate the evolution of pigment accumulation in the brain to prevent the development of Alzheimer, Parkinson and stroke pathologies in the brain.
Research on the Impact of Environmental Regulation and Technology Innovation on the Quality of Economic Growth
Authors: Wu Qingyang
Published: June 2021

Abstract：This paper uses the balanced panel data from 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China for a total of 17 years from 2000 to 2016 as a research sample, and establishes an empirical model to examine the impact of environmental regulations and technological innovation on the quality of economic growth. Then this paper test technological innovation as a threshold variable, in which play a regulatory role. Taking the provincial balanced panel data as a research sample, a fixed effect model, a system GMM model, and a panel threshold model were established for empirical testing and the robustness test. Based on the empirical results, this article draws the following conclusions: from a national perspective, environmental regulations and technological innovation can significantly promote the quality of economic growth; from a regional perspective, there are regional differences in impact effects. Under the constraints of environmental regulations, the promotion effect of technological innovation on the quality of economic growth will be reduced; the impact of environmental regulation on the quality of economic growth will have a "threshold effect", and environmental regulation can significantly promote the quality of economic growth only after crossing the threshold and the threshold of technological innovation.
Absolute Absorption Cross Section of the Ã←X ̃ Electronic Transition of the Ethyl Peroxy Radical and Rate Constant of its Cross Reaction with HO2
Authors: Zhang Cuihong , Shamas Mirna , Assali Mohamed , Tang Xiaofeng , Zhang Weijun , Pillier Laure , Schoemaecker Coralie , Fittschen Christa
Published: June 2021

The absolute absorption cross section of the ethyl peroxy radical, C2H5O2, in the Ã←X ̃ electronic transition with the peak wavelength at 7596 cm-1, has been determined by the method of dual wavelengths time resolved continuous wave cavity ring down spectroscopy. C2H5O2 radicals were generated from pulsed 351 nm photolysis of C2H6/Cl2 mixture in presence of O2 and detected on one of the CRDS paths. Two methods have been applied for the determination of the C2H5O2 absorption cross section: (i) based on Cl-atoms being converted alternatively to either C2H5O2 by adding C2H6 or to hydro peroxy radicals, HO2, by adding CH3OH to the mixture, whereby HO2 was reliably quantified on the second CRDS path in the 21 vibrational overtone at 6638.2 cm-1 (ii) based on the reaction of C2H5O2 with HO2, measured under either excess HO2 or under excess C2H5O2 concentration. Both methods lead to the same peak absorption cross section of C2H5O2,7596 cm-1 = (1.0±0.2) × 10-20 cm2. The rate constant for the cross reaction between of C2H5O2 and HO2 has been measured to be (6.5±1.6) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1.
Cell Surface Phenotypic Diversity and Flocculation Gene Variability in Contaminant Industrial Fuel-Ethanol Yeast Strains Exhibiting Highly Foaming Phenotypes
Authors: de Figueiredo Catarina M. , Hock Daniella H. , Trichez Debora , Magalhães Maria de Lurdes B. , Lopes Mario L. , de Amorim Henrique V. , Stambuk Boris U.
Published: June 2021

Many contaminant yeast strains able to survive inside fuel ethanol industrial vats show detrimental cell surface phenotypes, such as filamentation, invasive growth, flocculation, biofilm formation and excessive foam production. Previous studies have linked some of these phenotypes to the expression of FLO genes, and the presence of gene length polymorphisms causing the expansion of FLO gene size appears to result in stronger flocculation and biofilm formation phenotypes. We have performed here a molecular analysis of FLO1 and FLO11 gene polymorphisms present in contaminant strains of S. cerevisae from Brazilian fuel ethanol distilleries showing strong foaming phenotypes during fermentation. The size variability of these genes was correlated with cellular hydrophobicity, flocculation and highly foaming phenotypes in these yeast strains. Our results also show that deleting the major activator of FLO genes (the FLO8 gene) from the genome of a contaminant and highly foaming industrial strain avoids problematic foam formation, flocculation, invasive growth and biofilm production by the engineered (flo8∆::BleR / flo8Δ::kanMX) yeast strain. Thus, the characterization of highly foaming yeasts and the influence of FLO8 in this phenotype opens new perspectives for yeast strain engineering and optimization in the sugarcane fuel-ethanol industry.
Research on Cadmium Adsorption-Desorption Dynamics of Biochars
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Dang Shu , Zheng Guiping , Li Haibo
Published: June 2021

Biochar has high potential usage in retaining various contaminants, wastewater treatment, and water purification. In this study, three rice husk derived biochars with pyrolysis temperature 300, 400 and 500 ºC, respectively, and pristine rice rusk were used to remove cadmium from aqueous solution. The results showed that about 70% or more of Cd2+ adsorption occurred in the first 960 mins of adsorption kinetics. The Cd2+ adsorption capacity under equilibrium increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature, probably attributed to the increased specific surface area (SSA) under higher pyrolysis temperature noting that significant linear correlation occurred between Cd2+ adsorption capacity and SSA. The Cd2+ adsorption could be best fitted by pseudo-second order model relative to Elovich model and pseudo-first order model. The Cd2+ adsorption rates were higher in ﬁlm diffusion stage, indicating that ﬁlm diffusion stage was signiﬁcant and fast in the early stage of Cd2+ adsorption. In contrast, Cd2+ adsorption by intra-particle diffusion accounted for 47.0%, 47.9% and 43.9% on average of the total Cd2+ adsorption, respectively, indicating that intra-particle diffusion of Cd2+ played a more predominant role in limiting Cd2+ adsorption rate. When reaching Cd2+ desorption equilibrium, removal ratio (RR) values were averaged 0.96, 0.91, and 0.90 under three initial concentrations. More than 90 percentage on average of Cd2+ was removed from aqueous solution by biochars and rice rusk as well, thus biochars can be used to efficiently remove contaminants from aqueous environment. Cation exchange, electrostatic attraction, and the complexation with surface functional groups could be the main dominant mechanisms for Cd2+ adsorption-desorption on biochars.
Meaning in Life Buffers the Association Between Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness, and Frequency of Non-Suicidal Self-Injuries in Spanish Adolescents
Authors: Marco José Heliodoro , Gallego-Hernandez de Tejada Blanca , Guillen Verónica , Baños Rosa , Perez Sandra
Published: June 2021

Background: Adolescence is a developmental stage when there is a high risk of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). There is recent interest in the study of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensome as variables associated with the frequency of NSSI in adolescents. Meaning in life (MIL) could be negatively associated with thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensome. To date, no studies have analyzed whether thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness could be associated with the frequency of NSSI in adolescents. On the other hand, no studies have analyzed the buffering role of MIL in the association between thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness and the frequency of NSSI. Aims: a) to test whether thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are associated with NSSI frequency; b) to test whether MIL moderates the association between thwarted belongingness and NSSI frequency; and c) to test whether MIL moderates the association between perceived burdensomeness and NSSI frequency. Method: The sample consisted of N = 1531 participants between 12 and 18 years old from Spain. The participants filled out the Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury, Purpose-In-Life Test-Adolescents Version, and Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire. Moderation analysis were performed. Results: Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness were positively associated with the frequency of NSSI in Spanish adolescents. MIL was a moderating variable between thwarted belongingness and the frequency of NSSI, and between perceived burdensomeness and the frequency of NSSI. Conclusion: Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness could be a risk factor for NSSI and MIL could be a protective factor against NSSI, and adding these variables to current descriptive theories of NSSI in adolescents would allow us to improve the assessment and treatment protocols for adolescents with NSSI.
Antigen Presentation of mRNA Based and Viral Vector Corona Vaccines
Authors: Rijkers Ger T. , Weterings Nynke , Obregon-Henao Andres , Dutt Tara , Dutt Tara , Overveld Frans van , Henao-Tamayo Marcela
Published: June 2021

Infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has reached pandemic proportions. A number of effective vaccines have been produced, including mRNA vaccines and viral vector vaccines, which are now being implemented on a large scale in order to control the pandemic. The mRNA vaccines are composed of the Spike S1 protein encoding mRNA, incorporated in a lipid nanoparticle, stabilized by polyethylene glycol (PEG). mRNA vaccines are novel in many respects, including cellular uptake, the intracellular routing, processing, and secretion of the viral protein. Viral vector vaccines have incorporated DNA sequences encoding the SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 protein into (attenuated) adenoviruses. The antigen presentation routes in MHC class I and class II, in relation to induction of virus neutralizing antibodies and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes will be reviewed. In rare cases, mRNA vaccines induce unwanted immune mediated side effects. mRNA based vaccines may lead to an anaphylactic reaction. This reaction may be triggered by PEG. The intracellular routing of PEG, and potential presentation in the context of CD1 will be discussed. Adenovirus vector based vaccines have been associated with thrombocytopenic thrombosis events. The anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies found in these patients could be generated due to conformational changes of relevant epitopes presented to the immune system.