bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Consequences of Gender in Homogamic Couples
Authors: Rosa Rodrigo
Published: May 2016

In studies which analyse the social distance between spouses at the moment a couple is formed, and which attempt to understand the role of the family, and in particular of marriage, in crystallising social divisions, the concept of homogamy has often been purely descriptive. This article questions this static approach and seeks to pinpoint the changes which social homogamy undergoes in the course of conjugal life, addressing women’s decisions on work–family articulation. Drawing on a critical approach to the concept of rational choice, the article intends to demonstrate the merit of an interpretative approach by analysing how members of a sample of 27 university-educated Portuguese partnered mothers take their decisions in the context of an interdependency framework in which the dynamics of family interaction tend to thwart individual career path development, rendering spouses dependent on each other.
Urbanism and happiness: A test of Wirth’s theory of urban life
Authors: Okulicz-Kozaryn Adam , Mazelis Joan Maya
Published: May 2016

Social scientists have long studied the effects of cities on human wellbeing and happiness. This article demonstrates that people in cities are less happy, confirming a long-standing argument in the literature. But it had not yet been tested whether it is urbanism that negatively affects happiness, or if urban problems such as crime and poverty are to blame. Wirth posited that urbanism itself led to negative effects, but Fischer noted the necessity of empirical tests of Wirth’s ideas. This study uses a happiness measure to provide a new look at the old question of urban unhappiness. Using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we aim to untangle the effects of the city itself and urban problems on happiness in the USA. We find that the core characteristics of urban life (in particular size and density) contribute to urban unhappiness, controlling for urban problems. Urban unhappiness persists regardless of urban characteristics.
Health Expenditure Concentration and Characteristics of High-Cost Enrollees in CHIP
Authors: Sen Bisakha , Blackburn Justin , Aswani Monica S. , Morrisey Michael A. , Becker David J. , Kilgore Meredith L. , Caldwell Cathy , Sellers Chris , Menachemi Nir
Published: May 2016

Devising effective cost-containment strategies in public insurance programs requires understanding the distribution of health care spending and characteristics of high-cost enrollees. The aim was to characterize high-cost enrollees in a state’s public insurance program and determine whether expenditure inequality changes over time, or with changes in cost-sharing policies or program eligibility. We use 1999-2011 claims and enrollment data from the Alabama Children’s Health Insurance Program, ALL Kids. All children enrolled in ALL Kids were included in our study, including multiple years of enrollment (N = 1,031,600 enrollee-months). We examine the distribution of costs over time, whether this distribution changes after increases in cost sharing and expanded eligibility, patient characteristics that predict high-cost status, and examine health services used by high-cost children to identify what is preventable. The top 10% (1%) of enrollees account for about 65.5% (24.7%) of total program costs. Inpatient and outpatient costs are the largest components of costs incurred by high-cost utilizers. Non-urgent emergency department costs are a relatively small portion. Average expenditure increases over time, particularly after expanded eligibility, and the share of costs incurred by the top 10% and 1% increases slightly. Multivariable logistic regression results indicate that infants and older teens, Caucasian children, and those with chronic conditions are more likely to be high-cost utilizers. Increased cost sharing does not reduce cost concentration or average expenditure among high-cost utilizers. These findings suggest that identifying and targeting potentially preventable costs among high-cost utilizers are called for to help reduce costs in public insurance programs.
Prostate Cancer Care Before and After Medicare Eligibility
Authors: Huesch Marco D. , Ong Michael K.
Published: May 2016

Prior studies suggest Medicare eligibility confers significant and substantial reductions in mortality and beneficial increases in health service utilization. We compared 13 882 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer at ages 63 to 64 years with 14 774 patients diagnosed at ages 65 to 66 (controls) in 2004 to 2007. Compared with controls, patients diagnosed with prostate cancer before Medicare eligibility had no statistically significant or meaningful differences in cancer stage, time to treatment, or type of treatment.
Administrative Values and Public Personnel Management
Authors: Brewer Gene A. , Kellough J. Edward
Published: May 2016

Civil service reforms implemented over the past 35 years in many countries around the world have relaxed traditional merit system rules, decentralized the personnel function, and augmented agency and managerial discretion. One objective of these reforms has been to boost government productivity and increase the efficiency of core personnel management functions such as hiring and firing employees, but much of the available evidence suggests that reforms commonly implemented may serve political or ideological objectives better than performance-related goals. We argue for a fuller appreciation of the political motivations for reforms and a broader understanding of their implications.
Intergenerational Exchange of Resources and Elderly Support in Rural China
Authors: Lin Zhiyong , Pei Xiaomei
Published: May 2016

This study examines how parental investments on children affect elderly support, and how this effect is contingent on emotional closeness or parental authority. Data collected from 770 elderly parents residing in rural China were analyzed. We gathered dichotomous data for (a) whether parents invested on their children via financial or instrumental means (i.e., parental investments) and (b) whether parents reported closeness to their children (i.e., emotional closeness) and whether children respected them (i.e., parental authority). We examined the relation between these variables and children’s elderly support (financial, instrumental, and emotional). We tested models in two ways, one examining the direct effect of investments, and another testing the interactions between investments and closeness or authority. We first found that investments were not directly associated with elderly support, although the closeness and authority were. Additionally, the association between investments and support was found within parents who reported authority or closeness with their children.
In the End It All Makes Sense
Authors: Battersby Annabel , Phillips Lisa
Published: May 2016

This study explored psychological well-being in Australian adults with a particular focus on meaning in life. Older adults ( N = 57) reported lower levels of search for meaning and higher levels of presence of meaning than young adults ( N = 208) suggesting that both groups were able to distinguish between the two aspects of meaning. For older adults, higher presence was associated with better mental health and well-being outcomes, regardless of level of search. For the young adults, higher presence and lower search was associated with better outcomes. These results suggest that presence of meaning is an important aspect of well-being for older adults living in a high income English-speaking country and may be an important focus when working with depressed or anxious older adults, while both presence of, and search for meaning may be more meaningful therapeutic targets when working with depressed or anxious younger adults. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Investigating the Role of Control and Support Mechanisms in Members’ Sense of Virtual Community
Authors: Gibbs Jennifer L. , Kim Heewon , Ki Seol
Published: May 2016

Research on online communities has emphasized the individual benefits of social support for members, but less is known about how such communities are regulated through organizing processes of support and control. Drawing on a survey of 214 members of a particular online message board community, we develop and test a model of social support, strength of ties, normative influence, and concertive control and their influence on members’ sense of virtual community (SOVC). We find that all four factors predict SOVC, but that normative influence and concertive control have the strongest effects. Furthermore, social support and concertive control mediate the effects of number of strong ties and normative influence (respectively) on SOVC. Finally, we find no association between SOVC and time-lagged posting frequency. Our findings have important implications for understanding the factors that lead to attachment in online communities, and they suggest that sense of belonging works through tandem communicative processes of support and control.
Payload motion control of rotary gantry and luffing cranes using mechanical wave concepts
Authors: Habibi Hossein , O’Connor William
Published: May 2016

A new solution is presented to the problem of controlling the motion of a crane’s suspended load through arbitrarily complex, 3D paths through the crane’s manoeuvre space. A generalized boom crane arrangement is considered, so that gantry and luffing arrangements are included as particular cases. Thus the crane’s boom slews about a central, vertical (tower) axis. This boom is either a horizontal gantry with a trolley moving radially along it, from which the load can be winched, or a jib, which can rotate in the vertical plane, with the hoisting cable passing over a pulley attached at its end point. In either case, there are three directly controlled motion variables, the effects of which on the suspended payload’s motion are strongly cross-coupled. The challenge is to enable the payload to follow the desired 3D path as closely as possible during the manoeuvre, and come to rest rapidly at target, by directly controlling these three actuating motions. Thus the controller must achieve position control combined with active swing suppression throughout the manoeuvre and on arrival at the desired end point. A model is developed of the generalized crane for both gantry and luffing crane types. The proposed control strategy is then applied and tested on this model. The controller is based on mechanical wave concepts. When applied to the model, it is shown to be very effective. It is accurate, robust to system changes and actuator limitations, very stable, requires sensing only at the trolley (and not at payload), and is easy to implement.
Avian diptych: Richard Wilbur’s flights of imagination
Authors: Tate William
Published: May 2016

In two relatively neglected poems from the collection Things of This World, “All These Birds” and “An Event,” Richard Wilbur models an epistemologically perceptive and dynamic hermeneutic. “All These Birds” hesitantly acknowledges the legitimate insights of a materialist naturalism but also registers concern about the potential for naturalistic explanation to deny the imagination any role in human understanding of the world. “An Event” balances “All These Birds” by indulging the play of human imagination as an asset to perception of the world while also acknowledging the temptation for imagination to domesticate nature.
An Option for Lemons? The Fair Value Option for Liabilities During the Financial Crisis
Authors: Wu Wei , Thibodeau Nicole , Couch Robert
Published: May 2016

We test for the presence of adverse selection among firms adopting the fair value option for liabilities (FVOL) embedded in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 159 during the financial crisis. The FVOL is a controversial accounting choice because it allows firms to increase earnings when credit quality deteriorates. We find that firms with higher credit risk, lower profitability, and negative abnormal stock returns are more likely to adopt the FVOL, and that these firms exhibit negative abnormal stock returns over 1- to 3-year horizons after adoption. We conclude that adverse selection occurs among adopters. Although these findings suggest that the FVOL reduces comparability and information transparency, they also imply that accounting choice can be a valuable tool for standard setting because it can induce firms to reveal their type.
A Critical Review of Grading Systems: Implications for Public Health Policy
Authors: Irving Michelle , Eramudugolla Ranmalee , Cherbuin Nicolas , Anstey Kaarin J.
Published: May 2016

Grading instruments are an important part of evidence-based medicine and are used to inform health policy and the development of clinical practice guidelines. They are extensively used in the development of clinical guidelines and the assessment of research publications, having particular impact on health care and policy sectors. The positive effects of using grading instruments are, however, potentially undermined by their misuse and a number of shortcomings. This review found eight key concerns about grading instruments: (1) lack of information on validity and reliability, (2) poor concurrent validity, (3) may not account for external validity, (4) may not be inherently logical, (5) susceptibility to subjectivity, (6) complex systems with inadequate instructions, (7) may be biased toward randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies, and (8) may not adequately address the variety of non-RCTs. This narrative review concludes that there is a need to take into account these criticisms and domain-specific limitations, to enable the use and development of the most appropriate grading instruments. Grading systems need to be matched to both the research question being asked and the type of evidence being used.
Conflictual Practice Sharing in the MNC: A Theory of Practice Approach
Authors: Bjerregaard Toke , Klitmøller Anders
Published: May 2016

This article advances a theory of practice approach to the study of conflictual practice sharing in the multinational corporation (MNC). The article demonstrates distinct opportunities offered by practice theory in researching the multiple lines of conflict and cooperation over local organizational practices, policies and strategies that emerge in the face of global HQ demands. Extant literature concentrates on how transfer outcomes are shaped by institutional or cultural distance at the national level and inter-unit relationships, often taking the subsidiary as a unit of analysis. Therefore, intra-unit conflicts over global practice sharing are under-researched, particularly how such conflicts are shaped by actors’ differential situatedness in the immediate societal context of the subsidiary. In explicating a practice theory agenda for the study of MNCs, we contribute to an understanding of how actors’ social positioning within and outside the firm, combined with their career opportunities, shape both the character and dynamics of intra-unit conflicts over the local configuration of organizational practices mandated by HQ. Building on an extended case study of an MNC in a Mexican special economic zone (SEZ), we thus examine how subsidiary actors accommodate, actively support and resist various parts of an HQ-mandated management control system.
Subsidiary Initiative Taking in Multinational Corporations: The Relationship between Power and Issue Selling
Authors: Dörrenbächer Christoph , Gammelgaard Jens
Published: May 2016

This paper investigates the political maneuvering that accompanies subsidiary initiative taking in multinational corporations. On the basis of an explorative empirical investigation of subsidiary initiative taking in the French subsidiaries of six German MNCs, the paper explores the activities that subsidiaries undertake to sell their initiatives, and the relationships among issue selling, subsidiary power and headquarters’ hierarchical power. The findings suggest that the use of issue-selling tactics is common when subsidiaries engage in initiative taking. In addition, the paper demonstrates that a low degree of issue selling is needed to obtain approval of an initiative in less asymmetrical headquarters–subsidiary power relationships (i.e. relationships in which subsidiaries are relatively powerful). In cases where power relationships are highly asymmetrical, issue selling is a necessity, but it is hardly a sufficient condition for obtaining headquarters’ approval. This renders issue selling to a second-rank power in subsidiary initiative taking, as it only works in conjunction with subsidiary power.
Are We Sucked into Fairy Tale Roles? Role Archetypes in Imagination and Organization
Authors: Moxnes Paul , Moxnes Andreas
Published: May 2016

This research is an attempt to understand and measure mythological roles in attributional processes. Drawing upon Carl Jung’s work on the archetype we, first, argue how role archetypes from fantasy dramas and worldwide fairy tales populate organizational life, and further, contend that they have extensive influence on how group members sort their judgments of each other. In the second part of the article, our understanding of role archetypes is aided by quantitative measurements: participants in 31 consecutive leadership development classes are asked which fellow classmates they spontaneously associate with each of seven good and seven bad fairy tale roles (deep roles), if any. Our main question is to evaluate the magnitude of agreement on the assignment of roles. Results give strong support to the assumption that group members quite easily categorize fellow members into stereotypes identified by fairy tale roles. Given the evidence in the present analysis, we posit that the role imagoes most frequently assigned (The Big Five of Fairy Tales) are isomorphic with core family roles, and further, that broad personality traits have their roots in archetypal imaginations. To more effectively secure that mythological mechanisms will not triumph over more rational, complex and balanced ways of judgments, we suggest that organizational research should acknowledge the subtle and hidden world of deep role archetypes.
The Role of Electrode Placement in Bilateral Simultaneously Cochlear‐Implanted Adult Patients
Authors: De Seta Daniele , Nguyen Yann , Bonnard Damien , Ferrary Evelyne , Godey Benoit , Bakhos David , Mondain Michel , Deguine Olivier , Sterkers Olivier , Bernardeschi Daniele , Mosnier Isabelle
Published: May 2016

Objective

To evaluate the influence of the electrode placement on hearing performance in adult patients who were simultaneously and bilaterally cochlear implanted.

Study Design

Case series with planned data collection.

Setting

Tertiary referral university centers.

Subjects and Methods

The postoperative computed tomography scan was studied for 19 patients who were simultaneously and bilaterally implanted with a long straight electrode array. The size of the cochlea was measured in consideration of the major cochlear diameter and cochlear height. The electrode‐to‐modiolus distance for the electrodes positioned at 180 and 360 degrees and the angular depth of insertion of the array were also measured. Speech perception was assessed at 1 and 5 years postimplantation with disyllabic word lists in quiet and in noise, with the speech coming from the front and a background noise (cocktail party) coming from 5 loudspeakers.

Results

At 1 year postimplantation, the electrode‐to‐modiolus distance at 180 degrees was correlated with the speech perception scores in both quiet and noise. In patients with a full electrode insertion, no correlation was found between the angular depth of insertion and hearing performance. The speech perception scores in noise gradually declined as a function of the number of inserted and active electrodes. No relationship between electrode position and speech perception scores was found at 5 years postimplantation.

Conclusion

In adult patients who were simultaneously and bilaterally implanted, the use of a long straight array, the full electrode array insertion, and the proximity to the modiolus might be determining factors to obtain the best speech performance at 1 year, without influence on the speech perception scores after long‐term use.
Danger, Crime and Rights: A Conversation between Michel Foucault and Jonathan Simon
Authors: Foucault Michel , Simon Jonathan , Elden Stuart
Published: May 2016

This article is a transcript of a conversation between Michel Foucault and Jonathan Simon in San Francisco in October 1983. It has never previously been published and is transcribed on the basis of a tape recording made at the time. Foucault and Simon begin with a discussion of Foucault’s 1977 lecture ‘About the Concept of the “Dangerous Individual” in 19th-Century Legal Psychiatry’, and move to a discussion of notions of danger, psychiatric expertise in the prosecution cases, crime, responsibility and rights in the US and French legal systems. The transcription is accompanied by a brief contextualizing introduction and a retrospective comment by Simon.
Tackling inequality and poverty at the local level: The achievements and potential of Fairness Commissions
Authors: Lyall Sarah
Published: May 2016

In the context of growing inequality and rising poverty rates alongside deepening austerity cuts, local authorities and other local organisations including public sector and civil society groups have set up Fairness Commissions. These local commissions consider evidence and make recommendations for tackling inequality and poverty at the local level. This article summarises the achievements of Fairness Commissions and similar bodies, assesses the approaches which led to greatest progress on addressing inequality and poverty, and describes the implications for policy and practice. We find that place-based community-led action on issues such as wages, debt, cost of living, housing, and childcare can lead to significant achievements, but there remains a need for national action. Some policies that have been implemented as a result of Fairness Commissions such as the Living Wage, pay ratios, landlord accreditation, and free school meals would have greatest impact if introduced at the national level.
Looking back (and in)to the future: A personal reflection on ‘Serotonin autoreceptor function and antidepressant drug action’ (Hjorth et al., 2000)
Authors: Hjorth Stephan
Published: May 2016

Our article in this journal some 15 years ago focussed on the role of serotonin (5-HT) autoreceptors in the mechanism of action of antidepressant drugs. Specifically in this regard, the results were summarised of rat microdialysis studies carried out to examine: (a) the relative importance of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B autoreceptors, including (b) possible regional variation, and (c) potential changes in autoreceptor responsiveness following chronic selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor administration. In the present reflection piece, I recap some of the key findings against a brief background and provide an account of their bearing within the context of subsequent endeavours in the antidepressant drug research and development field. I conclude by shortly commenting on selected topics relevant to novel, interesting advances and avenues for future research.
Functional and anatomical evidence of cerebral tissue hypoxia in young sickle cell anemia mice
Authors: Cahill Lindsay S , Gazdzinski Lisa M , Tsui Albert KY , Zhou Yu-Qing , Portnoy Sharon , Liu Elaine , Mazer C David , Hare Gregory MT , Kassner Andrea , Sled John G
Published: May 2016

Cerebral ischemia is a significant source of morbidity in children with sickle cell anemia; however, the mechanism of injury is poorly understood. Increased cerebral blood flow and low hemoglobin levels in children with sickle cell anemia are associated with increased stroke risk, suggesting that anemia-induced tissue hypoxia may be an important factor contributing to subsequent morbidity. To better understand the pathophysiology of brain injury, brain physiology and morphology were characterized in a transgenic mouse model, the Townes sickle cell model. Relative to age-matched controls, sickle cell anemia mice demonstrated: (1) decreased brain tissue pO2 and increased expression of hypoxia signaling protein in the perivascular regions of the cerebral cortex; (2) elevated basal cerebral blood flow , consistent with adaptation to anemia-induced tissue hypoxia; (3) significant reduction in cerebrovascular blood flow reactivity to a hypercapnic challenge; (4) increased diameter of the carotid artery; and (5) significant volume changes in white and gray matter regions in the brain, as assessed by ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that brain tissue hypoxia contributes to adaptive physiological and anatomic changes in Townes sickle cell mice. These findings may help define the pathophysiology for stroke in children with sickle cell anemia.
Contribution of low- and high-flux capillaries to slow hemodynamic fluctuations in the cerebral cortex of mice
Authors: Li Baoqiang , Lee Jonghwan , Boas David A , Lesage Frederic
Published: May 2016

We employed optical coherence tomography to measure cerebral cortical capillary red blood cell (RBC) flux in mice. The results suggest that baseline-flux weakly depends on cortical depth. Furthermore, under hypercapnia, low baseline-flux capillaries exhibit greater flux increases while the higher ones saturate, resulting in RBC-flux homogenization. Power-spectrum analysis indicates that higher flux capillaries saw greater flux variability in the low-frequency range (0.01–0.1 Hz) both at baseline and during hypercapnia. These results suggest that lower baseline-flux capillaries have more reserve to deliver oxygen with increased blood flow; but higher ones more strongly impact the low-frequency fluctuations associated with BOLD fMRI measurements of resting state functional connectivity.
Impact of iterative metal artifact reduction on diagnostic image quality in patients with dental hardware
Authors: Weiß Jakob , Schabel Christoph , Bongers Malte , Raupach Rainer , Clasen Stephan , Notohamiprodjo Mike , Nikolaou Konstantin , Bamberg Fabian
Published: May 2016

Background

Metal artifacts often impair diagnostic accuracy in computed tomography (CT) imaging. Therefore, effective and workflow implemented metal artifact reduction algorithms are crucial to gain higher diagnostic image quality in patients with metallic hardware.

Purpose

To assess the clinical performance of a novel iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) algorithm for CT in patients with dental fillings.

Material and Methods

Thirty consecutive patients scheduled for CT imaging and dental fillings were included in the analysis. All patients underwent CT imaging using a second generation dual-source CT scanner (120 kV single-energy; 100/Sn140 kV in dual-energy, 219 mAs, gantry rotation time 0.28–1/s, collimation 0.6 mm) as part of their clinical work-up. Post-processing included standard kernel (B49) and an iterative MAR algorithm. Image quality and diagnostic value were assessed qualitatively (Likert scale) and quantitatively (HU ± SD) by two reviewers independently.

Results

All 30 patients were included in the analysis, with equal reconstruction times for iMAR and standard reconstruction (17 s ± 0.5 vs. 19 s ± 0.5; P > 0.05). Visual image quality was significantly higher for iMAR as compared with standard reconstruction (3.8 ± 0.5 vs. 2.6 ± 0.5; P < 0.0001, respectively) and showed improved evaluation of adjacent anatomical structures. Similarly, HU-based measurements of degree of artifacts were significantly lower in the iMAR reconstructions as compared with the standard reconstruction (0.9 ± 1.6 vs. –20 ± 47; P < 0.05, respectively).

Conclusion

The tested iterative, raw-data based reconstruction MAR algorithm allows for a significant reduction of metal artifacts and improved evaluation of adjacent anatomical structures in the head and neck area in patients with dental hardware.
The Role of Familiarity on Viewpoint Adaptation for Self-Face and Other-Face Images
Authors: Nevi Andrea , Cicali Filippo , Caudek Corrado
Published: May 2016

An adaptation method was used to investigate whether self-face processing is dissociable from general face processing. We explored the viewpoint aftereffect with face images having different degrees of familiarity (never-before-seen faces, recently familiarized faces, personally familiar faces, and the participant’s own face). A face viewpoint aftereffect occurs after prolonged viewing of a face viewed from one side, with the result that the perceived viewing direction of a subsequently presented face image shown near the frontal view is biased in a direction which is the opposite of the adapting orientation. We found that (1) the magnitude of the viewpoint aftereffect depends on the level of familiarity of the adapting and test faces, (2) a cross-identity transfer of the viewpoint aftereffect is found between all categories of faces, but not between an unfamiliar adaptor face and the self-face test, and (3) learning affects the processing of the self-face in greater measure than any other category of faces. These results highlight the importance of familiarity on the face aftereffects, but they also suggest the possibility of separate representations for the self-face, on the one side, and for highly familiar faces, on the other.
Gaji Sejuta: Moral experiences and the possibilities for self in a community-driven development program in Indonesia
Authors: Jakimow Tanya , Harahap Aida
Published: May 2016

This article explores the moral experiences of volunteers working in a ‘community driven development’ program in Medan, Indonesia. Reframing development as a moral experience helps to illuminate its potential as a site for self-becoming: a potential that lies not only in the ethical dilemmas that development provokes but also in the affective and emotive responses made possible in scenes of development. For low class volunteers who are excluded from other forms of virtuous action, their participation provides an opportunity to enact an understanding of self in relation to others, and before God. It is in the minutiae of acts of care that overt representations and affective responses bear upon the ‘self-in-relation’, and as such, invite possibilities for new self-imaginaries. A focus on the experiences of local volunteers who come from modest socio-economic backgrounds reveals an unacknowledged consequence of community driven development: the expansion of possibilities for self.
People’s Park again: on the end and ends of public space
Authors: Mitchell Don
Published: May 2016

This paper uses three recent struggles over public space in California’s East Bay (Berkeley and Oakland) to critically interrogate the ‘end of public space’ thesis. Developing a historical analysis of the discourse of the ‘end of public space’ over the past two and a half decades, the paper shows that dismissal of arguments about the end of public space both ignores the dialectical nature of the original interventions and comes at a real political and scholarly cost. The paper concludes that the tendency towards the end of public space in capitalism is closely related to the necessity for capitalism to produce abstract space. Both this tendency and this necessity are struggled over and contradictory, and it is out of these struggles and contradictions that actually-existing public space is produced.
The impact of surgical resection on headache disability and quality of life in patients with colloid cyst
Authors: Kone Lyonell , Chaichana Kaisorn L , Rincon-Torroella Jordina , Snyman Claire , Moghekar Abhay , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Colloid cysts are histologically benign but can present with a broad spectrum of symptoms. A systematic review of the literature did not reveal any patient-centered data on the headache disability and quality of life (QoL) of these patients.

Methods

This is a retrospective cohort study of 187 colloid cyst patients from the Colloid Cyst Survival Group who completed a survey that included demographic data, clinical data, a modified QoL survey (SF36v2), and a headache disability inventory or index (HDI).

Results

Using multivariable linear regressions, we confirmed that the physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) components of SF-36 were significantly increased in the surgery group after adjustment for various baseline characteristics ( p = 0.025; p = 0.006). Self-reported headache disability was significantly decreased with surgery when adjusted for the same baseline characteristics ( p = 0.02). Finally, patients with an incidental diagnosis of colloid cyst reported similar benefits from surgery in PCS, MCS and HDI.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that colloid cyst patients who underwent a surgical resection self-report a better QoL and less headache disability compared with patients who did not undergo surgery. Future prospective studies with baseline measures of QoL are indicated to confirm our findings.
Outcomes of Lisfranc Injuries in the National Football League
Authors: McHale Kevin J. , Rozell Joshua C. , Milby Andrew H. , Carey James L. , Sennett Brian J.
Published: May 2016

Background:

Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) joint injuries commonly occur in National Football League (NFL) competition; however, the career effect of these injuries is unknown.

Purpose:

To define the time to return to competition for NFL players who sustained Lisfranc injuries and to quantify the effect on athletic performance.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Data on NFL players who sustained a Lisfranc injury between 2000 and 2010 were collected for analysis. Outcomes data included time to return to competition, total games played after season of injury, yearly total yards and touchdowns for offensive players, and yearly total tackles, sacks, and interceptions for defensive players. Offensive power ratings ( OPR = [ total yards/10] + [ total touchdowns × 6]) and defensive power ratings ( DPR = total tackles + [ total sacks × 2] + [ total interceptions × 2]) were calculated for the injury season and for 3 seasons before and after the injury season. Offensive and defensive control groups consisted of all players without an identified Lisfranc injury who competed in the 2005 season.

Results:

The study group was composed of 28 NFL athletes who sustained Lisfranc injuries during the study period, including 11 offensive and 17 defensive players. While 2 of 28 (7.1%) players never returned to the NFL, 26 (92.9%) athletes returned to competition at a median of 11.1 (interquartile range [IQR], 10.3-12.5) months from time of injury and missed a median of 8.5 (IQR, 6.3-13.0) regular-season games. Analysis of pre- and postinjury athletic performance revealed no statistically significant changes after return to sport after Lisfranc injury. The magnitude of change in median OPR and DPR observed in offensive and defensive Lisfranc-injured study groups, −34.8 (IQR, −64.4 to 1.4) and −13.5 (−30.9 to 4.3), respectively, was greater than that observed in offensive and defensive control groups, −18.8 (−52.9 to 31.5) and −5.0 (−22.0 to 14.0), respectively; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance ( P = .33 and .21, respectively). Evaluation of the durability of injured players after the season of injury revealed no statistically significant difference in career length compared with controls.

Conclusion:

More than 90% of NFL athletes who sustained Lisfranc injuries returned to play in the NFL at a median of 11.1 months from time of injury. Offensive and defensive players experienced a decrease in performance after return from injury that did not reach statistical significance compared with their respective control groups over a similar time period.
Perth Cultural Studies
Authors: Stratton Jon
Published: May 2016

In the early 1980s Perth was probably the most important city in Australia for Cultural Studies. Through that decade many intellectuals who became leaders in Australian Cultural Studies and important players in Cultural Studies outside of Australia worked in Perth. Among them were John Fiske, John Frow, John Hartley, Tom O’Regan, Lesley Stern, Graeme Turner and, a decade later, Ien Ang. This essay discusses the presence of these academics in Perth and advances some reasons why Perth became so important to Cultural Studies in Australia. It also discusses the kind of Cultural Studies that became privileged in Perth and considers some of the reasons for this. Perth Cultural Studies in the 1980s was primarily text-based and focused on screen-related popular culture, especially television programs and popular film. Cultural Studies in Perth developed in a city thought of as marginal to Australia, in institutions that were either not universities or, in the case of Murdoch University, was a very new university, by cosmopolitan academics who mostly came from either elsewhere in Australia or from the United Kingdom.
Faith and Facebook in a Pluralistic Age
Authors: McClure Paul K.
Published: May 2016

The rapid adoption of social networking sites (SNS) has prompted educators, parents, and researchers to consider the role SNS play in social life. Few scholars, however, have examined the effects of SNS on the religious beliefs of emerging adults. Drawing from Peter Berger’s concept of “plausibility structures” and his theory of pluralism, I explore whether young adults who use SNS are more likely to condone religious pluralism and syncretism. Using panel data from the National Study of Youth and Religion, I find that emerging adults who use SNS are more likely to think it is acceptable to pick and choose their religious beliefs, and practice multiple religions independent of what their religious tradition teaches, but they are not more likely to believe all religions are true. These findings suggest that exposure to broader networks through social media leads to increased acceptance of syncretistic beliefs and practices.
Effective method of chitosan-coated alginate nanoparticles for target drug delivery applications
Authors: Wang Fang , Yang Siqian , Yuan Jian , Gao Qinwei , Huang Chaobo
Published: May 2016

In the present study, alginate nanoparticles were firstly prepared for paclitaxel (PTX) delivery with an average size of 200 ± 21 nm. To improve the stability and targeting effect, the chitosan (CS) and folate-chitosan (FA-CS) were introduced to form PTX-loaded CS/ALG NPs and FA-CS/ALG NPs by a new double emulsion cross-linking electrostatic attraction method. The optimization chitosan concentration was 0.5% obtained from the experiment results. The CS/ALG-PTX NPs and FA-CS/ALG-PTX NPs had the average particle size of 306.9 ± 12.9 nm and 283.6 ± 19.2 nm with the zeta potential of 31.1 ± 1.3 mV and −2.98 ± 0.7 mV, and had higher drug loading and entrapment efficiencies than ALG-PTX NPs. The in vitro drug release profile along with release kinetics and mechanism from PTX-loaded NPs were studied under two simulated physiological conditions. Further, the in vitro anti-cancer activity of nanoparticles and the cellular uptake of nanoparticles on HepG2 cells were investigated. The results demonstrated that alginate, CS/ALG and FA-CS/ALG can be used as nanoformulation drug carriers by our new method, and FA-CS/ALG was a promising vehicle for anticancer drug targeted delivery system.
Long-lasting and bioactive hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite composite hydrogels for injectable dermal fillers: Physical properties and in vivo durability
Authors: Jeong Seol-Ha , Fan Ying-Fang , Baek Jae-Uk , Song Juha , Choi Tae-Hyun , Kim Suk-Wha , Kim Hyoun-Ee
Published: May 2016

Hyaluronic acid (HAc)–hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite hydrogels were developed to improve the biostability and bioactivity of HAc for dermal filler applications. Two kinds of HAc-HAp composite fillers were generated: HAcmicroHAp and HAc-nanoHAp composites. HAc-microHAp was fabricated by mixing HAp microspheres with HAc hydrogels, and HAc-nanoHAp was made by in situ precipitation of nano-sized HAp particles in HAc hydrogels. Emphasis was placed on the effect of HAp on the durability and bioactivity of the fillers. Compared with the pure HAc filler, all of the HAc-HAp composite fillers exhibited significant improvements in volumetric maintenance based on in vivo tests owing to their reduced water content and higher degree of biointegration between the filler and surrounding tissues. HAc-HAp composite fillers also showed noticeable enhancement in dermis recovery, promoting collagen and elastic fiber formation. Based on their long-lasting durability and bioactivity, HAc-HAp composite fillers have great potential for soft tissue augmentation with multifunctionality.
Surrogate Ethnography: Fieldwork, the Academy, and Resisting the IRB
Authors: Newmahr Staci , Hannem Stacey
Published: May 2016

Nearly every ethnographer has observed the growing reach and increasingly uncomfortable power of the IRB. As IRB restrictions have grown tighter, the consequences have become more dire. The failure of most IRBs to understand ethnography at all, along with increasing concerns about litigation that trump the welfare of both researchers and “subjects,” and the usurping of faculty power by the administration in universities, has left us with a difficult challenge: how can ethnographers and participant observers continue to do their research, without losing their jobs? This paper introduces a new methodology (“surrogate ethnography”). We posit that surrogate ethnography provides three distinct benefits: (1) it represents a methodological and ethical resistance to excessive IRB control, (2) it can help us rescue ethnography and participant observation—at least in a certain form—from IRBs, and (3) it addresses some of the longstanding concerns with autoethnography by proposing an alternative reflective analytic approach to one’s experiences in the field. We share the results of our initial foray into surrogate ethnography, offering our analyses of each other’s stories (one from volunteer work in a prison, and one from participation in sadomasochism/BDSM) in the context of constraints and challenges facing ethnographers in the current academic climate.
Doing Loyalty: Defense Lawyers’ Subtle Dramas in the Courtroom
Authors: Flower Lisa
Published: May 2016

The courtroom work of defense lawyers has received surprisingly little sociological attention. What does a defense lawyer actually do in court? How do defense lawyers represent their client beyond the hard paragraphs of the law? By studying this phenomenon in a context where the scope for expressive gestures is limited, it is possible to gain a greater understanding into the often subtle ways in which legal teamwork is performed. This article draws on ethnographic field notes from courtrooms in Sweden to explore how defense lawyers, who have taken an oath to loyally represent clients, do this using (1) little dramatic productions, (2) little dramatic reductions, and (3) directions of teammates. These strategies are found to involve the use of props and the body in order to perform vicarious face-saving practices necessary to maintain professional face and teamface and to manage face threats. Each of these strategies reproduce and reinforce the emotional regime of the courtroom. A Goffmanian framework is used to show how emotions are managed in the courtroom in order to conform to the emotional regime. The findings therefore show how defense lawyers not only represent their clients juridically but also interactionally and introduces the new term “little dramatic reductions,” which is also relevant to other professions involving loyalty and teamwork.
Technological Innovation Inputs, Outputs, and Performance
Authors: Diéguez-Soto Julio , Manzaneque Montserrat , Rojo-Ramírez Alfonso A.
Published: May 2016

The aim of this research is to study the moderating role of family management in the relationships between the intensity of research and development and the occurrence of continuous technological innovation and between the existence of technological innovation outcomes and long-term firm performance. The results show that family management reduces efficiency in the conversion of research and development expenses into technological innovation outcomes over time. Our findings also suggest that the influence of family management significantly contributes to improving the effect of the achievement of technological innovation on long-term performance.
MWCNT-reinforced polyarylene ether nitrile nanocomposites
Authors: Wei Renbo , Jin Fei , Long Cheng , Liu Xiaobo
Published: May 2016

In this study, we investigated the effect of surface roughness of acidulated multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) on the physical performances of MWCNT/polyarylene ether nitrile (MWCNT/PEN) nanocomposites. Acidulated MWCNTs with different surface roughnesses were prepared by ultrasonicating and refluxing of MWCNTs in the mixture solvent of sulfuric acid/nitric acid and characterized by atomic force microscopy. With longer acidulating time, more and more oxygen functional groups including carboxyl and hydroxyl groups which result in the coarser surface of the obtained MWCNT, were generated. MWCNT/PEN composites were fabricated by using the solution-casting method with the acidulated MWCNTs and PEN. SEM observation showed that the acidulated MWCNTs are well-embedded in the polymer matrix without aggregation. differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the incorporation of acidulated MWCNTs can improve the thermal behavior of the resulted polymer composites. The coarser the surface of the acidulated MWCNT, the better the mechanical performances of the obtained composites, while opposite results were observed for the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. The dynamical rheological results showed that a better compatibility between the MWCNT and PEN is achieved when the coarser MWCNT is used.
Experimental investigation of forming limit curves and deformation features in warm forming of an aluminium alloy
Authors: Shao Zhutao , Bai Qian , Li Nan , Lin Jianguo , Shi Zhusheng , Stanton Matthew , Watson Douglas , Dean Trevor
Published: May 2016

The determination of forming limit curves and deformation features of AA5754 aluminium alloy are studied in this article. The robust and repeatable experiments were conducted at a warm forming temperature range of 200 °C–300 °C and at a forming speed range of 20–300 mm/s. The forming limit curves of AA5754 at elevated temperatures with different high forming speeds have been obtained. The effects of forming speed and temperature on limiting dome height, thickness variation and fracture location are discussed. The results show that higher temperatures and lower forming speeds are beneficial to increasing forming limits of AA5754; however, lower temperatures and higher forming speeds contribute to enhancing the thickness uniformity of formed specimens. The decreasing forming speed and increasing temperature result in the locations of fracture to move away from the apexes of formed specimens. It is found that the analysis of deformation features can provide a guidance to understand warm forming process of aluminium alloys.