bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Productivity and cost anaylisis of logging arch used with farm tractor in mediterranean forest skidding operations
Authors: Spinelli R. , Baldini S.
Published: May 2024

The logging arch is a skidding implement studied to reduce log friction by lifting the forward log end above the ground. The tractor-arch combination reached its golden age between 1945 and 1965, and was then replaced by the skidder. The authors believe that it still has a large potential for small scale forestry, because of its versatility and low cost. This paper reports 10 case studies, concerning the use of 6 tractor-arch combinations in different conditions. The use of logging arches proved profitable in all cases, with the exception of stands whose residual density exceeds 600 trees per hectare. Farm tractors equipped with logging arches can skid heavy turn loads at comparatively high speed. Moreover, delays incidence and soil damage substantially reduced as a result of logging arch use.
Management of Platypus sulcatus Chap. population during three years in Parana delta (Argentina), with chemical control
Authors: Bascialli M. E. , Gimenez R. A. , Etiennot A. E. , Toscani H.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study is to observe and measure the behaviour of a fruit and forest tree borer, isolated in an adult poplar plantation. Along the poplar growing period a pyrethroid and carbamic derivate insecticides were employed, looking for a less harmgull effect on the environment. A plot of australian poplar, Populus deltoides cv. 'I:125/68', infested with the borer, was selected for the essay. The sequence of spray rotation during a period of three years was the next: cypermethrin, cypermethrin and carbaryl; carbaryl, carbaryl and cypermethrin; and control, control and control, for the first, second and third year respectively. Each spray was apllied in spring, just in the peak of infestation, spraying poplar stems and branches until seven meter height, showing the active borer gelleries pre and post treatments. An ANOVA and Tuckey test concluded that carbaryl and cypermethrin were effective with the doses employed in this work
Treatmetns for seed germination in Saccharum Ravennae (L.) Murray and Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam.
Authors: Salinas M. J. , Romero A. T. , Blanca G.
Published: May 2024

Saccharum ravennae (L.) Murray y Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam. present a series of characteristics which make them potentially useful in the restoration, fixing and maintenance of riverbanks along torrential-type watercourses in the Mediterranean region, as the are well adapted to such environments. Their applicability in vegetation restoration is particularly notable in more arid areas (south-eastern Iberian peninsula). In order for large-scale restoration projects to be undertaken, prior knowledge of the production techniques of a large number of plant species is required. The results of germination experiments carried out in Saccharum Ravennae caryopses and Ziziphus lotus seeds are presented in this paper. The variables used included light (germination under conditions of alternating light and darkness or in total darkness) and substrate type (organic substrate, agar or vermiculite). Several chemical treatments were tested in order to stimulate germination (maceration in hydrogen peroxide, gibberellins and thiourea), and the results compared with those of control experiments macerated in distilled water. The results obtained show that most Saccharum ravennae caryopses have high germination potential, pronounced heliophilia of the caryopses and a slight increase in the germination percentage when agar was the substrate used. The tolerances of germination percentages of all the light/darkness treatments fall within the limits required by the ISTA (International Seed Trial Association) for seed certification. With Ziziphus lotus there was an increase in germination on vermiculite and a slight increase in the germiantion percentage with the thiourea treatment on vermiculite.
Ecological consequences of the rural depopulation and land abandonment
Authors: Montserrat P. , Villar L.
Published: May 2024

The mediterranean areas of Europe, specially in the Iberian Peninsula, suffered over centuries not only a high human pressure but also a more or less strong soil erosion. We can explain the recent ecological disturbances from its origin and, without no doubt, the historical evolution allowed many of the adaptations to be observed between landscape elements. Some humanized landscapes are beautiful and harmonious as a consequence of the cultural action of the mediterranean man; nevertheless, we increasily observe several disturbative factors, some of them too strong, as erosion and contamination. In fact, most of the natural communities show a slow, progressive reaction to the disturbances, and it is allways convenient to have in mind this idea. In our opinion, as much as we suddenly abandon traditional activities, we are suffering a progressive “contamination” of mountain landscapes, and making a sort of disorder in shepherding, vegetation structure, cultural aspects, soil and so on. Assessing this process and arising the involved problems, we will be able to study and accelerate a better management, and then a positive feed —back could start on the above—mentioned mediterranean landscapes.
Characterisation of Populus alba L. by isozymes
Authors: Alba N. , Agúndez D.
Published: May 2024

A characterisation of Populus alba L by isozymes has been carried out. Eight isoenzymatic systems were analysed: ADH, MDH, GOT, LAP, PGM, PGI, SKDH, and IDH; all of them showing polymorphic loci. A total of 18 loci, 12 of them polymorphic, and 33 alleles were identified. Several half-sib and full-sib families from controlled crosses have been analysed in order to establish the genetic interpretation of the loci. Mendelian segregation was tested in controlled crosses families by Chi-square test (goodness fit) for five loci: Adh-2, Got-1, Got-2, Pgi-2 and Mdh-3. Segregation distortion was observed in Got-1, Got-2 and Pgi-2 in several families; in this cases pool of families was anlysed. Genetic control was determined in half-sib families for: Adh-2, Got-1, Got-2, Mdh-1, Mdh-3, Pgm-2 and Skdh; significant differences from the mendelian segregation were not found in this case. A putative asignation of loci and alleles was infered in LAP and IDH. This study identify a total of 18 loci, as an useful tool for studying diversity in Populus alba.
Incidence of browsing by guanaco (Lama guanicoe Müller) on early regeneration of lenga [Nothofagus pumilio (Poepp et Endl) Krasser] forests in Tierra de Fuego, Argentina
Authors: Pulido F. J. , Díaz B. , Martínez Pastur G.
Published: May 2024

In this work we analyze the early regeneration of Nothofagus pumilio forests, as well as the impact of browsing by guanacos (Lama guanicoe), in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. First, we describe the structure of three N. pumilio stands with differing management schedules: a native virgin forest stand (BV), a stand that was logged in 1991-93 leaving a certain homogeneous density of parent trees («shelterwood cut», CP), and a third stand that was selectively and intensively logged (FL) in 1995. In these three stands we quantify the use by guanacos (estimated from the density of fecal remains) and the frequency of browsed seedlings (< 0.5 cm) and saplings (> 0.5 cm in stem diameter). Results show a high incidence of browsing, which was higher for the native forests stand (100 % and 95.7 %), than for CP (69.9 % and 72.1 %) and FL (67.3 % and 61.5 %, for basal and apical damage of browsed plants, respectively). These differences are mainly due to the fact that patches where big trunks accumulate in managed stands, provide shelter from damage by guanacos. Comparison of observed and expected (according to calculated growth models) sapling heigth show that recurrent damage by guanacos prevent successful growth, the corresponding height loss being 83.1 % for BV, 45.7 % for CP, and 50.3 % for FL. We conclude that guanacos effectively limits early regeneration in both native and managed stands, though a wider time scale is needed for a conclusive assessment of the incidence of browsing in forest dynamics and production.
What might be useful measures of genetic variability for adaptive traits within populations of Scots pine?
Authors: Bastien C. , Alía R.
Published: May 2024

There is large genetic variation in Scots pine, both within populations for both neutral and selective markers and between populations particularly for adaptive performance. The pattern of genetic evolution of Scots pine over time and space is of major concern when sustainability of European forests is discussed. The genetic diversity available within populations of Scots pine has been intensively studied by biochemical markers. Unfortunately, genetic diversity measured by isozymes or molecular markers is a poor indicator of genetic variability for adaptive traits. Potential measures of general and specific adaptation of Scots pine populations are discussed for different genetic tests (provenance, progeny). Only a few precise estimates of genetic variability for adaptive traits are available today. Simulations of Scots pine population dynamics under natural or artificial selective pressures require new evaluation of genetic variability, especially for populations at the limits of the range which are sometimes endangered.
Effect of intra-specific competition on tree architecture and aboveground dry matter allocation in Scots pine
Authors: Mátyás C. , Varga G.
Published: May 2024

The study was carried out in a 25 year old Scots pine spacing trial, established with grafted clones at four different spacings. The oven-dry weight of the different aboveground parts of the tree (i.e. stem, large and small branches, needles and cones) was assessed separately. With closer spacing, the relative proportion of cones and of large branches per tree decreased, while the dry matter increment allocated to stemwood increased gradually from 11.7 to 28.5 percent. Without competition, the dry matter allocated to cones was nearly similar to that of current stemwood increment. On a unit area basis, the dry matter weight allocated to cones did not change significantly at different density levels and remained between 0.6 and 1.0 tonnes per ha. The highest total biomass per unit area was measured at maximum stand density (98.2 t/ha), where stem number is regulated by natural mortality (self-thinning). A slightly positive effect of competition on height growth was detectable only when the trees were young. The results show the plasticity of Scots pine architecture in relation to spacing in the early phases of stand development.
Effect of retained Scots pine trees on regeneration, growth, form, and yield of forest stands
Authors: Valkonen S.
Published: May 2024

Green tree retention is predominantly motivated by the increasing complexity of objectives in forest management. It is one of the major methods for the creation of structurally complex stands for ecological and amenity benefits. Retention may promote regeneration in terms of regular seed tree, shelterwood, planting, or direct seeding methods. The effect of retaining Scots pine trees to various degrees and in varying stand structures was assessed, with emphasis on regeneration results, development of the juvenile stand, tree quality and economic results were assessed. Group retention seems to be the simplest way to practise retention with Scots pine for ecological and amenity purposes. Considerable difficulties can be expected when trying to regenerate pine under a dense shelter, naturally or artificially. After the regeneration phase, residual trees have adverse effects on the young generation. Sustainable uneven-aged structures are hard to create and maintain with Scots pine.
Silviculture and stand dynamics of Scots pine in Germany
Authors: Beck W.
Published: May 2024

The current structure of forests in Germany and their related biological diversity is a result of the natural, cultural and economic development of the last 10,000 years. The species composition, their distribution and the forest-field land proportion probably began to change about 3,000 years ago. Modern forestry evolved between 1750 and 1850 in Germany. The over-exploited and degenerated forests of that time were changed into highly productive pure conifer plantations. Solely by this measure, the increased demands of the timber using industries were satisfied. The proportion of natural pine forest in the potential natural vegetation is less than 3 % whereas the proportion of Scots pine in the current forest area is 28 %. The centre of distribution of these forests is the northern lowland regions of Germany where predominantly pure pine plantations occur on sites of natural hardwood forests. The age class structure is dominated by young stands up to 60 years old. This age class distribution complicates a cost-effective pine forestry. Within the last decades, alternative silvicultural regimes have been developed to solve these problems and to increase the degree of naturalness in existing pine plantations. In general these models aim to decrease costs, produce large and high quality timber, increase the structural diversity, increase the proportion of broadleaved species and of continuous cover forest systems. Diversity does not apply as an ecological quality criterion. For the assessment of the actual biodiversity a comparison with the potential natural vegetation is necessary.
Silviculture and dynamics of Pinus sylvestris L. stands in Spain
Authors: Cañellas I. , Martínez García F. , Montero G.
Published: May 2024

This study presents information about the ecology, typology, silviculture, production, dynamics and biodiversity of Scots pinewoods in Spain. The distribution and types of Scots pine stand are described, together with their most important climatic and edaphic aspects. Silvicultural aspects are considered including management objectives. Information is provided on the production potential of the stands, and a production table for the five site qualities defined is presented. The different stages of natural succession of the stands are described. Finally, there is brief mention of the effects of the silviculture on the biodiversity of these pinewoods.
The use of forest models for biodiversity assessments at the stand levelL
Authors: Lexer M. J. , Lexer W. , Hasenauer H.
Published: May 2024

There is an increasing demand to include biodiversity assessments as an additional management input within silvicultural decision making. A number of forest models are in use to support forest management planning. However, none of these models was explicitly designed to consider the biodiversity of forest ecosystems and how this may change under different silvicultural treatments. In this paper prominent attributes and measures of biodiversity and the data requirements for their calculation are identified based on a review of the literature. Existing forest models are classified with respect to the general modeling approach (i.e. empirical vs. process-based models), structural attributes and phenomena considered. After comparing the required data for biodiversity assessments and the available output of forest model types, we discuss to what extent existing models can satisfy the information needs for biodiversity assessments at the stand level. The main conclusion is that an extension of existing growth models is needed to incorporate biodiversity issues in forest management planning. Probably the most promising approach lies in the development of the family of distance dependent individual tree growth models because they explicitly address horizontal and vertical structural diversity of forest stands. A major limitation is the lack of information on genetic diversity.
Wood anatomy and stress distribution in the stem of Pinus pinaster Ait.
Authors: Ezquerra F. J. , Gil L. A.
Published: May 2024

A 70-year-old Pinus pinaster Ait. tree growing in a Spanish forest was cut down and the structure and shape of its crown and trunk were studied. The distribution of longitudinal stresses in the stem due to its self-weight and several wind loading were calculated using the structural theory of a cantilever beam. Wood anatomical features related to its mechanical behaviour (tracheid length, wood density, and heartwood area) were determined in 25 stem slices along the length of the trunk. The longitudinal distribution of stress along the trunk had a peak at 1/4 of the total tree height, and this trend was similar to those of the anatomical features: their maximum values occurred at the same height. This could mean that the tree reinforces its support structure at the point of highest failure risk, where fractures can occur.
Provenance test of Pinus pinaster Ait. in Central Spain: Results at age 32
Authors: Alía Miranda R. , Moro Serrano J. , Denis J. B.
Published: May 2024

A remeasurement at the age of 32 years of a multisite trial of provenances of Pinus pinaster in Central Spain, allows revising earlier results. Data from a new site, Peñas Negrillas (CR), are available. The analysis considers 11 variables related to growth and form of the trees. A trial with such a long duration suffers from events that cause the data to be incomplete. This requires a more involved statistical analysis that has been oriented to estimate the general adaptability of the individual provenances. In general, results confirm the conclusions obtained from a former measurement at the age of 18 years. Sources from the NW of Iberia show a mediocre growth but with well formed stems. An exception is the provenance from Leiria, that together with that from Arenas de San Pedro, are leaders in growth and form. Provenances from the Sistema Iberico (Cuenca), present good results in growth and form. Those from the Castilian meseta show the worse form, with an average growth, whereas provenances from the Mediterranean littoral appear mediocre on both. Northafrican and Corsican sources show slow growth but an excellent form.
Towards the dehesa total income accounting: theory and operative Monfragüe study cases
Authors: Campos P. , Rodríguez Y. , Caparrós A.
Published: May 2024

There has been, from the beginning of the 1970s, a controversial debate on the income measurement of natural resource exploitation and sustainability both commercial and environmental of their economic resources. Treeless pastures and woodlands have been the focus of less research than has timber forestland. Up to today, institutional timber forestland accounting proposals have not integrated non-excludable and other non-market benefits into total income measurement of forestland. This paper shows a complete accounting system that can incorporate any economic benefit and cost that could accrue from active and passive uses of forestland, whether or not the economic effects are the result of on-site and off-site land uses. An application to the Spanish dehesas at Monfragüe area gives a tentative total income measurement under this new accounting proposal. The dehesa woodland study represents one of the most complex forestland uses system.
Value of oak woodlands and open space on private property values in southern California
Authors: Standiford R. B. , Scott T.
Published: May 2024

This paper evaluates the extent to which dedicated open space in California’s oak woodlands in a rapidly urbanizing area in southern California, influences private land and home prices. The Santa Rosa Plateau area in southern Riverside County was the location for this pilot study. Data on home and land value for 4,800 parcels surrounding an 8,300 acre oak woodland open space owned and operated a private land conservancy were collected. This was merged with spatial data from vegetation maps using a geographic information system (GIS). Distance from each parcel to the edge of the open space land, to the nearest trailhead and to the nearest stand of native oaks was calculated. Hedonic regression showed that both land and home value decreased as the distance from the open space boundary, trailheads, and local stands of native oak habitat increased. The model results were applied to the overall home and land parcels in the study area. A decrease of 10 percent in the distance to the nearest oak stands and to the edge of the permanent open space land resulted in an increase of $4 million in the total home value, and an increase of $16 million in total land value in the community. This demonstrates the off-site benefits of open space areas and native oak woodland stands in increasing overall land and home value of an entire community. There is economic value for conservation of native habitats. This promising method of analysis will be useful in future work to characterize how different configurations of open space design influence the land and home markets.
Pinus pinea L. Spanish genetics resources characterization by chloroplast microsatellite markers
Authors: Gómez A. , Aguiriano E. , Alía R. , Bueno M. A.
Published: May 2024

Gene conservation analysis in Pinus pinea L. was performed by chloroplast microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity and allelic richness of 10 Spanish populations belonging to diverse origin regions were determined using genetic variation at 9 cpSSR loci. Six amplified loci have been polymorphic. The variants detected at the cpSSR regions combined into 9 different haplotypes Most haplotypes are in common among populations. One haplotype has been detected in all populations included the population with the most reduced genetic base, in which all the samples showed the same haplotype. Number of polymorphic regions, number of haplotypes and genetic diversity index deduced from haplotype frequencies show lower genetic diversity in stone pine than in other Mediterranean Pinus. Differentiation between the studied populations is low (RST = 3.81) and most of the detected genetic diversity is due to the within population component. The results obtained increases the knowledge of genetic resources of Pinus pinea in Spain assessing genetic breeding and conservation programs.
Populus clones veneer yield and quality along stem
Authors: Baonza Merino M. V. , Gutiérrez Oliva A.
Published: May 2024

Some major morphological characteristics in relation to log yield in plywood industries were studied in 13 poplar clones, from Populetum of Zamadueñas (Valladolid). Taper, eccentricity, ovality and bark percentage were analysed. Industrial peeling was made in logs up to 12 m height, analysing the veneer yields and comparing the different quality class among clones at different height levels. Log veneer yields up to 12 m trunk length averaged 60 to 70 % in volume without significant differences among clones. In general, the best performance was found in the middle to lower stem zone. However, clones ‘I-214’, ‘Flevo’, ‘MC’ and ‘PA-1’ maintained their optimum yield even above 10 m height in trunk. ‘Campeador’, ‘I-214’, ‘I-262’, ‘PA-1’ and ‘MC’ showed the best yield and quality performance. ‘Canadá blanco’ and ‘454-40’ have acceptable conditions for this use, but their yield was lower.
Indices of stand structural diversity
Authors: Del Río M. , Montes F. , Cañellas I. , Montero G.
Published: May 2024

Structural diversity is a good indicator of biodiversity and can be easily modified by silvicultural treatments, so it is a basic element on sustainable forest management. A revision about the analysis of the structural diversity in forests is carried out. There are two approaches to study the structural diversity in a forest: static and dynamic. Firstly the main indices that described the structure characteristics as a static point of view are described and discussed. Three structure characteristics of a stand are considered: spatial distribution, mixture and differentiation. Secondly, indices that describe the structural diversity as a whole are also analysed. These last indices include generally a component of dead wood. Finally, reported dynamic analyses are reviewed. The dynamic analysis is usually made through the study of the static indices development along the time. Three kind methodologies can be used: temporal plots located in stands of different phases of development, permanent plots, and growth models that simulate the stand structure.
Elm breeding for DED resistance, the Italian clones and their wood properties
Authors: Santini A. , Fagnani A. , Ferrini F. , Mittempergher M. , Brunetti M. , Crivellaro A. , Macchioni N.
Published: May 2024

In Italy, an elm breeding program to develop Dutch elm disease-resistant trees has been established by cross-breeding Asian elms with indigenous species, in order to produce individuals that combine resistance of the first with growth characteristics and higher degree of environmental adaptability of the second. Thus, the favourable adaptation of Ulmus pumila in Italy has been explored: «San Zanobi» and «Plinio» are two recent results of this research and many others promising clones as «FL090», «FL146», «FL441», «FL568», «FL634», are in the final stage of field testing. The resistance levels of all these clones were significantly higher level of resistance than «Lobel» and «Urban» in several assessments during different years. First technological tests indicate that the wood characteristics of «San Zanobi» and «FL090» clones are comparable to those of elm wood traditionally present on the market, thus highlighting that those clones is likely to satisfy the elm wood demand. The present characterisation needs to be confirmed by further evaluations of mature trees having bigger diameters and allowing industrial trials, still not available so far.
Analysis of the parental reproductive balance in a Pinus pinaster Ait. seed orchard
Authors: Merlo E. , Fernández-López J.
Published: May 2024

The number of female and male strobili were assessed for 22 clones in a Pinus pinaster Ait. seed orchard along four consecutive years. The data showed that differences for the production of both female and male strobili among clones were very large and statistically significant for all years examined. Differences in female strobili production among clones were more variable than in male strobili. Pearson’ s correlations between years were highly significant. Both correlations between female and male flowers were moderate and positive for all 4 years. Broad-sense heritabilities for flower production on an individual ramet basis varied from 0.14 to 0.50, while those on a clone-mean basis were much higher, from 0.39 to 0.82. Maleness index indicated high sexual symmetry (Mi= 0.47-0.49). The results are useful for planning further activities in the seed orchard such as pruning, roguing or selective cone harvest.
Recovery after 25 years of the tree and palms species diversity on a selectively logged forest in a Venezuelan lowland ecosystem
Authors: Lozada José R. , Arends Ernesto , Sánchez Domingo , Villarreal Alberto , Guevara José , Soriano Pilar , Costa Manuel
Published: May 2024

Aim of study: We evaluate palm and tree species diversity in a floodplain forest and the changes affecting the plots subjected to different intensities of selective logging.Area of study: The western alluvial plains of Venezuela.Materials and Methods: A randomized complete blocks design was established 25 years ago with three felling treatments (trees with diameter greater than 20 cm, 40 cm and 60 cm). Each treatment had three replications, using 1 ha permanent plots. We have measured all trees and palms bigger than over 10 cm in diameter. The data set was used to calculate the Importance Value Index of each species, the Shannon-Wiener index, the Hill Numbers and the Chao-Sørensen index.Main results: Disturbance increases the importance value index of pioneer species like Cecropia peltata, Ochroma pyramidale and Triplaris americana. All treatments produce changes on the floristic diversity but most of them are not significant. Only the high impact treatment causes a decrease in the species richness, but after 5 year of recovery this parameter is close to its previous levels (N0= 43.5). In logged forests, species loss (9.2%) is lower than in the control plots (11.7%) and is also lower than the rate of occurrence of species input (14.6%).Research highlights: In these logged forests restoration of diversity is acceptable because is higher than 91% (Chao-Sørensen index). Selective logging, with low and medium intensity, is a disturbance that works in a similar way to natural disturbances. All the diversity indexes recovered the pre-harvest level values.Keywords: Caparo - Venezuela; ecological restoration; forest dynamics; forest management; forest succession; Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis; permanent plots.
Application of music therapy during the COVID-19
Authors: Guo Donglin
Published: May 2024

The sudden attack of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the rapid spread of the virus, has caused a severe impact on the psychology of medical staff, patients and ordinary people. In order to reduce the negative impact of the epidemic on the people's psychology, China has begun to provide professional music mental health services for different groups of people to reduce the psychological harm caused by the epidemic. Chinese music therapists actively participated in epidemic prevention operations and launched a number of "fighting the epidemic-psychological assistance for music therapy" programs. According to people's emotional and psychological adjustment needs during the epidemic, the project carried out music psychological public welfare activities for various key groups. Activities include music listening, music relaxation, music imagination, music painting, song discussion, song lyrics, body rhythm, etc., from listening and experiencing music to participating music interaction and other rich group music psychological activities. Through music experience and interaction, the activity relieves negative emotions such as anxiety and depression, increases positive and pleasant emotions, promotes communication and interaction among participants, reduces loneliness caused by isolation, and promotes family harmony.
The Effect of Income on Depression in Old Age-Empirical Analysis Based on CHARLS 2020
Authors: Shi Qian , Meng Ziye , Qiao Lu
Published: May 2024

The study examines the impact of income on depression levels among individuals aged 60 and older using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2020. It found a correlation between income and depression, but the regression analysis did not show statistical significance. Higher levels of depression were associated with marriage and self-rated physical health, while lower levels were associated with gender, education level, and place of living. The research suggests a "four-in-one" synergistic process to improve the mental health and well-being of the elderly.
Pengaruh Problem Based Learning terhadap Kemampuan Bernalar Kritis Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Huda Moh. Khoridatul , Firdausi Rofiqoh , Salsabila Zulfa Qomariyah
Published: May 2024

One of the ways to enhance students’ critical reasoning skills is by using the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. It can help students improve critical reasoning skills in mathematics. The research aims to determine the effect of PBL on the critical reasoning abilities of MI Tarbiyatul Huda students. This research employed quantitative research using an experimental approach with a quasi-experimental. This research used a Pre-test and Post-test Control Group Design. The method used to obtain data is using test. Meanwhile, the data analysis technique used was hypothesis testing analysis using SPSS Statistics ver. 2.6. Based on the results of the analysis, it is found that the F test shows that the F value = 0.466 with a probability significance level of 0.761 > 0.05. It can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. It means that the hypothesis is accepted. It means that there is a significant influence of the PBL model in statistical material on the critical reasoning abilities of class VI MI Tarbiyatul Huda students.
Variations in the Anatomic Morphology of the Scapular Spine and Implications on Fracture After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Archambault Simon D. , Kakazu Rafael , Jimenez Andrew E. , Polisetty Teja , Cusano Antonio , Berthold Daniel P. , Muench Lukas N. , Cote Mark , Slater Maria G. , Levy Jonathan C. , Mazzocca Augustus D.
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

This study evaluates the role of anatomic scapular morphology in acromion and scapular spine fracture (SSAF) risk after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA).

Methods:

Twelve scapular measurements were captured based on pilot study data, including scapular width measurements at the acromion (Z1), middle of the scapular spine (Z2), and medial to the first major angulation (Z3). Measurements were applied to 3D-CT scans from patients who sustained SSAF after RSA (SSAF group) and compared with those who did not (control group). Measurements were done by four investigators, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated. Regression analysis determined trends in fracture incidence.

Results:

One hundred forty-nine patients from two separate surgeons (J.L., A.M.) were matched by age and surgical indication of whom 51 sustained SSAF after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Average ages for the SSAF and control cohorts were 78.6 and 72.1 years, respectively. Among the SSAF group, 15 were Levy type I, 26 Levy type II, and 10 Levy type 3 fractures. The intraclass correlation coefficient of Z1, Z2, and Z3 measurements was excellent (0.92, 0.92, and 0.94, respectively). Zone 1 and 3 measurements for the control group were 18.6 ± 3.7 mm and 3.2 ± 1.0 mm, respectively, compared with 22.5 ± 5.9 mm and 2.0 ± 0.70 mm in the SSAF group, respectively. The fracture group trended toward larger Z1 and smaller Z3 measurements. The average scapular spine proportion (SSP), Z1/Z3, was significantly greater in the control 6.20 ± 1.80 versus (12.60 ± 6.30; P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed a scapular spine proportion of ≤5 was associated with a fracture risk <5%, whereas an SSP of 9.2 correlated with a 50% fracture risk.

Discussion:

Patients with a thicker acromions (Z1) and thinner medial scapular spines (Z3) have increased fracture risk. Understanding anatomic scapular morphology may allow for better identification of high-risk patients preoperatively.
Enhancement of the efficacy of Tylvalosin by administration with Eucalyptus oil or Bromhexine against Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected broiler chickens
Authors: Gendy Hanem , Masoud Shiamaa , Elnahriry Shimaa , Attia Taha , Mansour Abdelrahman , Elhusseiny Eman
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Tylvalosin tartrate is a macrolide antibiotic that has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive, some Gram-negative organisms, and mycoplasma. It acts by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacterial cells. Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes chronic respiratory disease in poultry, especially in the presence of management stresses and other respiratory pathogens. The disease is characterized by coryza, conjunctivitis, sneezing, and sinusitis, particularly in turkeys and birds. It can result in loss of production downgrading of meat-type birds, and loss of egg production. In the current study, the efficacy of tylvalosin on performance parameters, hematological and biochemical profile alone, and in combination with eucalyptus oil and bromhexine were studied. A total of 56-day adult chickens were used in the experiment and infection occurred by Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The birds were classified into seven groups and treated as follows; non-infected non-treated group (control negative), infected non-treated group (control positive), group infected and treated by tylvalosin alone, group infected and treated by eucalyptus oil, group infected and treated by bromhexine, group infected and treated by tylvalosin plus eucalyptus oil, and group infected and treated by tylvalosin plus bromhexine. Clinical symptoms, bacterial re-isolation, mortality rate, and hematobiochemical and histopathological parameters were investigated. The results showed a significant decrease in mortality & improved growth performance (increased weight gain and feed utilization efficiency) in combined treated groups compared to tylvalosin group as well as improvement in hematobiochemical and histopathological parameters of combined treated groups. Furthermore, the combination of tylvalosin and eucalyptus oil or bromhexine was more potent in the treatment of Mycoplasmosis in chickens than each treatment alone and alleviated or partially reduced the severity of chronic respiratory disease induced by Mycoplasma gallisepticum in broiler chickens. Finally, this protective effect could improve the use of antibiotics in poultry farms as well as reduce the problem of antibiotic residues and bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Human specimens
Authors: Hana Mary , Abdeen Eman
Published: May 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is considered an opportunistic pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality and is responsible for a high proportion of hospital infections pathogen that can cause several disease syndromes in the community and hospitals. Recently, P. aeruginosa infections having antibiotic resistance have been increasing and serious problems are being experienced in treatment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiogram pattern, and molecular identification of oprL virulence gene of P. aeruginosa recovered from human pus. One hundred samples from human pus were collected for bacteriological identification before being subjected to molecular identification. The results revealed that 13/100 (13%) were positive for P. aeruginosa on Citramide ager. All isolates showed high sensitivity to Imipenem, Apramycin, Amikacin, Norfloxacin, Sulphamethoxazol, with 100%, 92.31%, 84.61%, 9.23%, and 61.53% respectively. For the molecular characterization of P. aeruginosa (5 isolates) for detection of oprL virulence gene. The results indicated that oprL genes were the detected genes in all tested samples with (100%).In conclusion; the obtained results provide important data about the importance of the oprL virulence gene and pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa as well as the widespread of MDR strains that complicated the treatment options in human community
Hypoglycemic And Hypolipidemic Biochemical Effects of Bee Venom on Experimentally Induced Diabetes in Rats
Authors: Sadek Kadry , Sobhy Rania , Sammak Dalia , Zeweil Mohamed
Published: May 2024

Abstract
Background:‎
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the highest prevalent endocrine illness that exhibits hyperglycemia, ‎hyperlipidemia and protein metabolism disorders also elevated risk of several complications, including ‎vascular disorders. A variety of polypeptide agents can be found in bee venom. The two main ingredients ‎of bee venom are phospholipase A2 and mellitin. These constituents enhance the release of insulin from ‎the Beta islands of pancreas. The purpose of the current work was to demonstrate the hypoglycemic and ‎hypolipidemic effects of bee venom on male diabetic rats that induced by alloxan. ‎
Methods:‎
‎ The experimental investigation was carried out on 40 male rats (weight from180 to 220 g) which were ‎assigned to four groups (10/each): (the first) a negative control group (not receiving therapy), (the ‎second) a positive control group (diabetic group) injected with alloxan only (160 mg/kg), (the third) ‎diabetic group administered with Vildagliptin (6mg/kg) and the forth diabetic group treated with Bee ‎venom (0.5mg/kg). After two months of the investigation, blood samples were assembled. ‎
Results:‎
Bee Venom (0.5mg/kg) lowered significantly (p≤0.05) the level of serum glucose, which was followed ‎by a substantial rise in the level of HDL and insulin when contrasted to the rats with diabetes. Total lipid, ‎cholesterol, triacylglycerol and LDL levels were considerably reduced in the diabetic group that received ‎BV.‎
Conclusion:‎
There is a growing interest in the bee venom's use as a natural product rather than chemical drugs for ‎treatment of diabetes mellitus because of the manner it affects rats biochemically, particularly its ‎prospective anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemia qualities.‎
Comparison of Cecal Microbiome in Healthy and Naturally Infected Broiler with Different Salmonella serotypes
Authors: Matter Ahmed , Hussein Alaa , Elsayed Mohamed
Published: May 2024

The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens is rich of complex and diverse microbiota that is important to immune system development, pathogen exclusion, and digestion and absorption of nutrients. The 16S rRNA sequencing is an effective method for studying the ecological and biological functions of the chicken GIT microbiota. The current study aimed to assess the composition and diversity of gut microbiome of healthy broiler chicken in comparison to those infected with Salmonella. A total of 100 Broiler chickens’ whole cecal samples were randomly collected, which divided into 50 healthy broiler chicken (HBC) and 50 diseased broiler chicken (DBC), The bacteriological examination of samples revealed that 4/100 (4 %) of the examined samples were identified as S. enterica species Salmonella typhimurium represented 75% while Salmonella enterditis showed 25%. All the isolates were confirmed to be Salmonella using a primer targeting invA gene. A total of 2 whole cecal samples from each group were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing with bioinformatics analysis to investigate the composition and the diversity of chicken microbiome. The results showed a significant abundance and diversity in the microbiota composition of HBC when compared with that of DBC. It reflected decreased numbers of beneficial bacterial agents in DBC which increased its liability to acquire infection. Salmonella altered the microbiome composition of infected chickens and using advanced molecular techniques will help to investigate the microbial composition in a collective manner that helps in keeping birds healthy to promote productivity and incomes.
Detection Of Viable but Non Culturable (VBNC) Bacteria Using of Propidium Monoazide PCR: A Review
Authors: Mustapha Alaa , Mansour Maha
Published: May 2024

Microorganisms in their natural habitats are subjected to a broad range of stressors. In order to survive and retain their vitality under those demanding conditions, they enter a state known as viable but nonculturable (VBNC). Traditional laboratory techniques cannot identify microbes in the VBNC state, but they can be brought back to life in the right circumstances. As a result, VBNC pathogens seriously jeopardize public health and food safety. More than 100 microbe species have been found to have entered the VBNC state to date, owing to a variety of chemical and physical processes. Since the VBNC syndrome was first discovered forty years ago, new methods for inducing, detecting, resuscitating, and understanding its molecular pathways have been created. To determine their effect on public health, live bacterial foodborne pathogens must be found and measured. Due to the existence of viable but nonculturable cells (VBNC), which can retain metabolic and pathogenic activity, traditional growth-based approaches have the potential to significantly underestimate the true numbers. The similar issue arises when using different culture-independent molecular techniques, such PCR, which can detect DNA from dead cells in addition to VBNC bacteria. Viability dyes and PCR have been used to selectively identify and quantify viable foodborne microorganisms, overcoming this drawback.
ANAYASA MAHKEMESİNE BİREYSEL BAŞVURUNUN İŞLEVİ, ETKİNLİĞİ VE RİSKLERİ
Authors: Yarımbatman Güven
Published: May 2024

Anayasa yargısı sınırlı devleti yaratmanın ve böylece insan hak ve hürriyetlerini korumanın en etkili araçlarından biridir. Anayasa yargısının temel hak ve hürriyetleri koruma işlevi bireysel başvurunun anayasa yargısının konularından biri haline gelmesi ile daha da artmıştır. Türkiye’de de bireysel başvurunun kabul edilmesiyle insan haklarının ve temel özgürlüklerin korunması ve gelişimi açısından önemli bir mesafe katedilmiştir. Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesinin, Anayasa Mahkemesini etkin bir iç hukuk yolu olarak kabulüyle birlikte anayasa yapıcının amaçlarından biri gerçekleşmiş, Anayasa Mahkemesi de bireysel başvurunun başladığı 2012 yılından bugüne değin çok sayıda başvuruyu Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesinin önüne gitmeden iç hukukta çözebilmiştir. Ancak bireysel başvuru mekanizmasının etkinliği bazı tehditlerle karşı karşıyadır. Bireysel başvuru sayısındaki artışın sürdürülemez şekilde devam etmesi ve bireysel başvuru kararlarının icra edilmemesi, bireysel başvurunun önündeki en büyük risk faktörleridir.
Desafios e oportunidades na incorporação de tecnologias biotecnológicas na agricultura
Authors: Naves Agnes Guedes de Lívio , Menechini Wagner , Ortiz Thiago Alberto , Souza Silvia Graciele Hülse de , Silva Edvan Costa da
Published: May 2024

A agricultura moderna vem incorporando diversas tecnologias para otimizar o cultivo de plantas, com o intuito de aumentar a produtividade e a resistência a pragas. O uso de microrganismos benéficos às plantas tem sido um mercado em ascensão, visando promover benefícios à sanidade vegetal por meio de técnicas biotecnológicas melhorando, assim, a capacidade produtiva. Além disso, a transformação genética em plantas tem desempenhado um papel crucial na introdução de características desejáveis, como resistência a doenças e a estresses ambientais. A cultura de tecidos é considerada uma prática fundamental na multiplicação rápida de plantas com características específicas, facilitando a produção em escala comercial. A tecnologia CRISPR, por sua vez, vem revolucionando a edição genética, possibilitando modificações precisas no DNA das plantas para aprimorar características desejadas. Ainda, a tecnologia Bt, por meio da utilização da bactéria Bacillus thuringiensis em plantas, que confere resistência a insetos através da expressão de proteínas inseticidas, tem sido uma ferramenta essencial no melhoramento genético vegetal no controle de pragas. Essa abordagem reduz a necessidade de inseticidas, minimizando impactos ambientais e contribuindo à saúde humana e à conservação da biodiversidade. Por fim, a transgenia e a tecnologia Intacta têm trazido à agricultura um conjunto de soluções que inclui ferramentas biotecnológicas, genética avançada, além de produtos e técnicas de manejo inovadores, por meio da incorporação de genes que promovem tolerância a pragas específicas e a herbicidas, fortalecendo a segurança e a produtividade das colheitas. Em consonância, essas tecnologias utilizadas no melhoramento de plantas proporcionam avanços significativos na agricultura, promovendo a sustentabilidade e a eficiência na produção de alimentos, sendo, por muitas vezes, devido ao uso de microrganismos multifuncionais.
Análise físico-química e microbiológica da água de poços no município de Itacoatiara-AM, Brasil
Authors: Soares Maria Sandra Rodrigues , Rodrigues Filho Halley , Amaral Adriene de Oliveira , Tribuzy Aldeize Santos , Soares José Carlos Rodrigues
Published: May 2024

O fornecimento de água em Itacoatiara - AM é predominantemente baseado em poços artesianos, e à medida que a demanda continua a aumentar, é crucial assegurar o acesso contínuo à água tratada para atender às necessidades da população que depende desse recurso vital. Diante disto, este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a potabilidade da água nos poços artesianos e das redes que abastecem a cidade de Itacoatiara-AM. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: turbidez, temperatura, pH, condutividade, ferro e microbiológico. Nas amostras analisadas foram observados valores de turbidez entre 0,02 NTU e 0,19 NTU, enquanto a temperatura variou de 27,2 °C a 28,3 °C. O pH da água apresentou variações entre 4,20 e 6,38, e a condutividade variou de 56 S/m a 185 S/m. O ferro na água variou de 0,042 mg/L a 0,046 mg/L. As análises microbiológicas apresentaram ausência de coliformes totais e Escherichia coli. sugerindo uma ausência de contaminação microbiológica. Os resultados revelaram valores dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação vigente, indicando a qualidade satisfatória da água fornecida. Este estudo contribuiu para o monitoramento da qualidade da água em Itacoatiara e ressalta a importância da manutenção de padrões adequados de tratamento para garantir a saúde pública e o bem-estar da população.