bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Royal Jelly Protect against Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats?
Authors: Salahshoor Mohammad Reza , Jalili Cyrus , Roshankhah Shiva
Published: June 2019

Royal jelly (RJ) is a honeybee secretion, has numerous medicinal properties in particular antioxidant activities. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is one of the main challenges in acute kidney damage. This study was designed to assess the anti-inflammatory and protective effects of RJ against I/R-induced renal disorders. Forty male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10) as sham (0.9% saline) group, I/R group, RJ group (treated for 15 consecutive days by gavage with 300 mg/kg/day RJ), and I/R + RJ group that were pretreated for 15 consecutive days by gavage with 300 mg/kg/day of RJ. The I/R-induced renal inflammation was evaluated by determining leukocyte infiltration and mRNA expression level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α). Antioxidant capacity of kidneys and thiobarbituric acid reactive species was measured in kidneys for the evaluation of oxidative stress. In addition, the diameter of renal glomeruli, kidney function indicators, and serum nitrite oxide (NO) levels was determined. The I/R increased the completely measured parameters, except the tissue ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) level, which was decreased compared to the sham group (P < 0.05). However, pretreatment with RJ reduced significantly blood urea nitrogen, kidney malondialdehyde, creatinine, glomerular diameter, leukocyte infiltration, levels of TNF-α, adhesion molecule-1 expression, and NO and increased tissue FRAP compared to the I/R group (P < 0.05). It seems that RJ administration improved I/R-induced acute kidney injury.
Fatores macroeconômicos, indicadores industriais e o spread bancário no Brasil
Authors: Durigan Junior Carlos Alberto , Taue Saito André , Reed Bergmann Daniel , Martins Dias Fouto Nuno Manoel
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é Identificar os fatores macroeconômicos e os indicadores industriais que influenciaram o spread bancário brasileiro no período de Março de 2011 a Março de 2015. É considerada a subclassificação de alguns segmentos de atividade industrial. Foram utilizados dados mensais de séries temporais em modelos de regressão linear multivariada com uso do Eviews (7.0), dezoito variáveis foram consideradas como possíveis determinantes..  Influenciam positivamente; a inadimplência, os IPIs (Índices de Produção Industrial) de bens de capital, bens intermediários, bens de consumo duráveis, bens semiduráveis e não duráveis, a Selic, o PIB, a taxa de desemprego e o EMBI+. Determinam negativamente; os IPIs bens de consumo e geral, IPCA, o saldo da carteira de crédito e o índice de vendas no varejo. Foi considerado p-valor de  05%.. A conclusão principal é que o progresso da indústria, da geração de empregos e do consumo podem reduzir o spread.
La experiencia de la aporía en la lectura heideggeriana de Hölderlin
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Pablo Bernardo
Published: June 2019

En este texto se estudia la lectura que Heidegger lleva a cabo en torno a la obra de Hölderlin tomando como eje la noción de “aporía”. Por ésta se comprende la imposibilidad de una respuesta o resolución con respecto a la cuestión del ser. Sin embargo, lejos de resultar paralizante, esta aporía leída y expresada a través de Hölderlin conduce a Heidegger a la afirmación de la experiencia de esa aporía, de su necesidad y de su dignidad cuestionante. De este modo, se comprueba cómo Hölderlin aporta el aparato léxico y conceptual que Heidegger desplegará en los años siguientes en su camino del pensar.
El concepto de Estado en el Fundamento del derecho natural de Fichte
Authors: Lucas Gaudio Mariano
Published: June 2019

En este trabajo se analiza el concepto de Estado racional mediante tres perspectivas quede modo explícito o implícito se encuentran en el Fundamento del derecho natural de Fichte. Conla intención de mostrar la centralidad del concepto de Estado, en primer lugar se trata la perspectivade la superfluidad y sus límites (punto 2); en segundo lugar se trata la perspectiva de la coacción, quetambién brinda un concepto de Estado negativo (punto 3). En tercer lugar se trata la perspectiva que, sincaracterizarlo negativamente, no obstante no alcanza una comprensión positiva del Estado, donde éste seael concepto central de la filosofía social, política y económica de Fichte (punto 4). Finalmente, a partirde El Estado comercial cerrado y Los caracteres de la edad contemporánea se esboza una clasificaciónsobre los diferentes conceptos de Estado desarrollados y contenidos bajo una unidad de sentido (punto 5).
"Tomás de Aquino y el concepto tradicional de la verdad, según Ser y tiempo, §44"
Authors: Araos San Martín Jaime
Published: June 2019

El objetivo de este estudio es examinar hasta qué punto es válido incluir el pensamiento deTomás de Aquino, junto al de Aristóteles y Kant, en la estructura filosófica que Heidegger llama, en Sery tiempo § 44, “concepto tradicional de la verdad” (traditionellen Wahrheitsbegriff). Partiendo de ladefinición de la verdad como adecuación del intelecto y la cosa, se somete a discusión la equivalenciaentre el concepto aristotélico de ὁμοίωσις, el tomista de adaequatio y el kantiano de Übereinstimmung.Para ello se examina detenidamente la noción de adaequatio, se la distingue de otras nociones cercanas,y se muestra cómo los diferentes sentidos del movimiento de adecuación dan lugar, a su vez, a distintossentidos de la verdad. Se concluye que no hay equivalencia entre los conceptos de verdad de Aristóteles,Tomás y Kant, y se profundiza en la noción de verdad ontológica.
The Best Course of Action
Authors: D'Elia Louis Peter , Gunter Richard , Wiseman Timothy R.
Published: June 2019

This case describes the ethical and legal challenges facing Dr. Caroline Webster, Director of Graduate Business Programs at MNU.  She was facing one of the more unpleasant tasks of her job in determining how to proceed with a complaint by one of the university’s master’s students by the name of Bob Golden.  Although a solid and intelligent student in his own right, Bob continuously challenged his grades, causing some faculty and administration to grow weary of his seemingly constant complaints. Dr. Webster wistfully recalled no less than a dozen unrelated prior instances.  However, this current complaint was beyond Bob’s normal grievance.  During a conversation with Dr. Webster, Bob claimed that the instructor for his current course, Adjunct Professor Joe Thomas, had a criminal past.  After a quick and rather basic search, it turned out that Professor Thomas had indeed been convicted of a felony approximately a decade and a half earlier.  Naturally, Dr. Webster took the matter up to Dr. Donald Hess, Dean of the MNU Business School, who was now faced with the decision of whether or not he needed to terminate the employment of Adjunct Professor Joseph Thomas.  Collectively and apart from the grading complaint, they also had to decide on the proper course of action as a follow-up to Bob Golden’s allegation.  The class which Adjunct Professor Thomas taught was the final and capstone class of the MBA program at MNU.  Ironically, the class was one with a considerable focus on ethics and morals in business.
An Investigation of the Mission Motif in the Letters to Timothy and Titus with Implications for the Pauline Authorship of the Pastoral Epistles
Authors: Köstenberger Andreas J.
Published: June 2019

This exploration of the mission motif in the Pastoral Epistles (here called “Letters to Timothy and Titus” [LTT]) fills an often-neglected gap in scholarship on these letters. In addition, the investigation of the mission motif in the LTT serves as a case study in reexamining the plausibility of Pauline authorship. While conventional avenues of investigation—such as vocabulary and stylistic elements, theological and ecclesiological comparisons, and so on—have largely proved inconclusive, a study of the mission motif provides a fresh way of approaching the issue. Not only are these writings grounded in the Pauline mission but the strategy and missionary ethos reflected in these letters is congruent with the mission strategy in Paul’s undisputed letters (which, for purposes of this article, are identified as the other 10 Pauline letters in the NT canon) and the book of Acts, which heightens the plausibility that Paul wrote the LTT, whether personally or with the help of an amanuensis.
Investigation of Vocational High School Students 'Views on Smart Phone Use: A Case Study
Authors: Yildiz Ezgi Pelin , Alkan Ayşe
Published: June 2019

The most preferred tools of technology today are internet and smart phones. Nowadays, these two tools offer numerous services and facilities to humanity in many areas. Accessing technology at any time, having a pleasant time, interacting without the limitations of face to face communication are some of them. That is why; individuals have become unable to live without internet and smartphones. Especially the rapid developments in information and communication technologies, internet and social media media, which is among the means of access to smart phones among university students and has made widespread use. In this context, a case study was conducted in order to examine the opinions of the students about the use of smart phones in Vocational High School students. For this purpose, the students' opinions were taken with a structured interview form. The questions in the interview form were developed by the researchers by conducting a comprehensive literature review. Expert opinion was consulted in the preparation of the interview form. The experts evaluated the suitability of the questions in terms of scope and language. The study group consisted of 10 students from the Department of Computer Programming and Computer Technology of Kafkas University. It is foreseen that the results of the research can lead to future scientific studies.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 13, No. 4
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: June 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 13, No. 4
Expression level of serum circulating miRNA-21, miRNA-10b and miRNA-200c in breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node metastasis*
Authors: Niedźwiecki Sebastian , Piekarski Janusz , Szymańska Bożena , Pawłowska Zofia , Jeziorski Arkadiusz
Published: June 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) act a role in regulation numerous processes crucial for oncogenesis. The aim of the study was to compare the blood serum concentrations of selected microRNAs (miRNA-21, miRNA-10b and miRNA-200c) between breast cancer patients without sentinel lymph node metastasis (Group 1) and those with metastasis (Group 2).
The serum levels of miRNA-21, miRNA-10b and miRNA-200c were measured with using TaqMan PCR assays performed on a 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System in two groups of breast cancer patients: Group 1 – without sentinel lymph node metastasis (32 patients) and Group 2 – with sentinel lymph node metastasis (14 patients).
The mean level of miRNA-200c was noticeably lower in Group 2 than in Group 1. The mean fold change of miRNA-200c level in the metastatic group (Group 2) was approximately 1.3 times lower than that in non-metastatic group (Group 1). However, this result just approached the arbitrary threshold for significance (p = 0.05).
Breast cancer patients with sentinel lymph node metastasis demonstrate diminished levels of circulating miR-200c compared to non-metastatic patients.
Frequent Subgraph Mining Based Collaboration Pattern Analysis for Wikipedia
Authors: Zuo Zhonghu , Zhang Chunhong , Tang Xiaosheng , Hu Zheng , Tang Yuqian
Published: June 2019

Online knowledge collaborations, where distributed members without hierarchies self-organize themselvesto create valuable contents, are prevalent in many open production systems such as Wikipedia, GitHub andsocial networks. While many existing studies from network science have been brought to analyse the general interactivebehavioural patterns embedded in these systems, how the collaborations influence the achievement outcomes hasnot been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we mine the collaboration patterns from a micro perspective to deeplyunderstand the relationships between the collaboration among participants and the qualities of theWikipedia articles.In particular, the subgraphs contained in the collaboration networks derived from theWikipedia revision histories aretaken as the fundamental units to analyse the collaboration diversities from the subgraph properties such as size andtopology. In contrast to the predefined static motifs adopted by the previous works, the collaboration subgraphs aredirectly found from Wikipedia dataset by a frequent subgraph mining algorithm GRAMI, which is able to capturethe real dynamic collaboration patterns. Moreover, the relationships between the co-authors in the subgraphs are alsodiscriminated to further explore the collaboration patterns. The experiments exhibit the statistical properties of thecollaboration subgraphs and the efficiency of them as the metrics for the article quality assessments. We concludethat a small group of editors with relative frequent fixed collaboration patterns contribute more to the excellent articlequality than the professional extents of arbitrary individuals in the collaboration group. This discovery confirms thecommonly insight about collaboration that many heads are always better than one and concretely suggests a potentialexplanation for the increasing prevalence and success of the online knowledge collaborations
The Effect of Repeated Moisture Cycles on the Air Tightness of Traditional Clamped Vapour Barrier Joints
Authors: Geving Stig , Norvik Øyvind , Gullbrekken Lars
Published: June 2019

In this study it has been investigated whether and to what extent, repeated moisture cycles affect the airleakage through clamped overlap joints in the vapour barrier layer. Use of clamped joints is a traditionalway to make airtight joints in the wind- and vapour barrier used in wood frame walls in Norway and othercountries. A laboratory test has been carried out, with a total of 63 pressure tests, being carried out on 9 testsamples, consisting of overlap joints of 0.15 mm polyethylene film clamped between a wooden batten andstud. Each sample was tested seven times after repeated drying and humidification, where the moisturevalues of the sub-cycles were chosen to represent the annual variations of indoor relative humidity.The laboratory test materials were mounted with machine nails with various center spacing (150 mm,300 mm and 450 mm). The overlap joints of the vapour barrier were in the end of the test sealed withadhesive tape, revealing to what extent this over a longer period of time will be beneficial.The results showed that the first moisture cycle (drying) resulted in significant increase of air leakage forall the sample variants. Throughout the moisture cycles, a further strong leakage development for centerspacing 450 mm was observed, which was less for 300 mm, and non-existent for 150 mm. The gain ofusing structural adhesive tape was found to largely depend on the level of perforation resulting from thenails and their center distance. Adhesive tape on the joints resulted in the greatest reduction in leakagenumbers where the center distance between the nails was high, i.e. the reduction was 58% for centerdistance 450 mm. However, with shorter center distance the use of tape only decreased the air leakagebetween 22-39%, revealing the fact that a large part of the joint leakage is through the nail perforations.
Thermal Properties of Insulation Boards Made of Tree Bark & Hemp Residues
Authors: Ninikas Konstantinos , Ntalos George , Hytiris Nicholas , Skarvelis Michalis
Published: June 2019

Two disparate waste materials were mixed to identify the likelihood of constructing insulation boards. Treebark and Hemp (cannabis) residues were combined in different proportions and with two dissimilar typesof glue. The thermal conductivity (λ) for all boards was measured. Diverse methods of processing the finalboards demonstrated altered thermal properties based also on the different density (low and medium).The results have validated the possibility of exploiting local waste materials to produce an eco-friendly,low priced insulation product with competitive (λ) compared to the market products. All materials werecollected within a small range to the laboratory (< 100 km). The energy requirements and the carbonfootprint of these boards were kept low compared to traditional chemical insulation materials.
Acoustic Comfort Investigation in Residential Timber Buildings in Sweden
Authors: Bard Delphine , Vardaxis Nikolas GEORGIOS , Sondergard Elin
Published: June 2019

This article presents parts of a wide survey on acoustic comfort in Swedish family buildings, specificallywith focus on timber light-weight buildings. The scope of the whole research is to investigate acousticcomfort dimensions after collecting and combining data from standardized acoustic measurements andsubjective responses from a questionnaire survey. Certain noise sources were reported as dominantwithin living environments, impact noise from neighbors being the most important. Installation noisefrom inside the building and outdoor low-frequency noise disturb also a lot. However, the overall levelof acoustic comfort in contemporary wooden buildings seems satisfactory.
Relações entre economia e marketing
Authors: De Souza Alves Camila
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir os elementos econômicos e as decisões de marketing. O referencial teórico busca apresentar como os fatores são relevantes e como os agentes econômicos que são também públicos das ações de marketing atuam. Essa definição mostra quais são esses elementos e como se relacionam entre as disciplinas, apresentando então a relevência do entendimento das duas áreas para certas decisões. A metodologia aborda o tema de forma qualitativa para dar uma visão teórica sobre o assunto. Ao final do artigo após as discussões acerca da teoria pode-se entender que a relação entre os elementos da economia e as decisões de marketing estão interligados sem poder se definir na maior parte dos momentos qual está tendo maior influência sobre o outro.
THE SECOND HALF OF THE READYMADE CENTURY (1964–)
Authors: Daniels Dieter
Published: June 2019

The readymades conceived and selected by Marcel Duchamp be- tween the years 1914–1917 have, with very few exceptions, not survived until the present day as ‘original.’ A variety of forms, in- cluding documentary photos, objects chosen and approved later by Duchamp as well as remakes of the historical objects comprise the readymades’ legacy. Duchamp’s remakes of his readymades as a limited edition of multiples from 1964, commemorating the 50-year anniversary of his selection of the Bottle Dryer in 1914, mark the beginning of the second half of the “Readymade Century.” In contrast to their widespread visibility, the paradoxical ‘construct- edness’ of these objects is rarely discussed. The representational impact and the conceptual specificity of these multiples goes far beyond the oeuvre of Marcel Duchamp, and can be seen as a pre- monition of artistical appropriation strategies from the 1980s to the present day.
Originalidad, desarrollo y destrucción de la historiografía progresista en la educación primaria española (1931-1939)
Authors: Esteve Martí Javier
Published: June 2019

La proclamación de la Segunda República implicó importantes reformas en el terreno de la educación en España. Pero la brevedad de la experiencia republicana impidió la superación completa del modelo educativo tradicional. Sí se produjo un aumento del número de manuales escolares afectos a la historiografía progresista, en un fenómeno violentamente atajado por la guerra y la dictadura. En este texto se analizan los manuales escolares progresistas de Eladio García Martínez y Modesto Medina Bravo y el de Daniel González Linacero con el objetivo de definir su filiación con obras e intelectuales anteriores, señalar las continuidades y novedades que se plasmaron en sus páginas y prestigiar la labor didáctica y pedagógica de sus autores frente al retroceso cultural que supuso el franquismo.
Effect of the Organic and NPK Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) in the Centre of Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Sidiky Bakayoko , Zoumana Konate , Brice Dibi Konan Evrard , Martial Kouassi Jean Hugues
Published: June 2019

In Côte d’Ivoire, the sweet potato is little cultivated but stays however a culture of pension and a food mattering in certain regions. This study was conducted to assess the effect of the application of mineral (NPK 15-15-15, NPK 12-22-22) and organic (poultry manure) fertilizers on yield components of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam). The experiment was conducted over two years (2016 to 2017) in experimental station of National Center of Agronomic Research (CNRA) of Bouaké in the centre of Côte d'Ivoire. The experiment was conducted following a split plot with 2 factors (variety and fertilizers) and 3 replicates. The main factor was variety with 2 levels (variety Irene and variety TIB-440060) and the subplot was fertilizers application consisted 13 levels (200, 300, 400, 500 kg ha-1 of NPK fertilizers combined 5, 10, 15 t ha-1 of organic fertilizer). Thirteen treatments based on poultry manure (T6, T7), chemical fertilizer NPK 15 15 15 (T1, T3, T4, T5) and NPK 12 22 22 (T8, T10, T11, T12) and their combination (T2 and T9) were tested. The experimental results revealed that that the effects of chemical fertilizer treatments, manure and their combination with mineral fertilizers did not influence the measured parameters. The results also showed that fertilizers improved all the agronomic parameters of sweet potato compared to the control treatment during two years of experiment. However, the Irene variety with a mean weight of 180 g tuberous roots was significantly different from the TIB variety with a mean weight of 138.73 g.

In the conditions of our study and over the two-year period, producers of sweet potatoes would benefit from using organic fertilizers with the Irene variety.
Analysis of the Atriplex Subjected to Claroideoglomus etunicatum and to the Desalinator Reject
Authors: Melo C. F. De , Gomes E. W. F. , Oliveira J. P. , Fernandes J. G. , Messias A. S.
Published: June 2019

The objective of this work was to analyze the minerals extracted from the soil and absorbed by Atriplex nummularia Lind. submitted to Claroideoglomus etunicatum and to the desalinator reject. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. The experimental design was of randomized blocks with the treatments constituted in a factorial scheme, in five levels of salinity: AC: 2.87 mS / cm; T1: 11.54 mS / cm; T2: 12.04 mS / cm; T3: 13,13 and T4: 14,16 mS / cm, associated with the presence and absence of AMF, presence and absence of nutrient solution and autoclaved and non-autoclaved soil. 8.0 ml of Hoagland & Arnon complete nutrient solution was added every fortnight. After five months, the contents of the elements absorbed by the plant and present in the soil were evaluated. It was observed that in non-autoclaved soil Atriplex absorbed higher nutrient content. Furthermore, the best treatment was the T4 of EC of 14.16 mS/cm + AMF + Hoagland & Arnon solution. Therefore, the high sodium content absorbed (22%) by Atriplex evidences the potential of its use in phytoextraction programs in soils affected by salts.
Perturbation Approach in the Dynamic Buckling of a Model Structure with a Cubic-quintic Nonlinearity Subjected to an Explicitly Time Dependent Slowly Varying Load
Authors: Ette A. M. , Udo-Akpan I. U. , Chukwuchekwa J. U. , Osuji A. C. , Noah M. F.
Published: June 2019

This investigation is concerned with analytically determining the dynamic buckling load of an imperfect cubic-quintic nonlinear elastic model structure struck by an explicitly time-dependent but slowly varying load that is continuously decreasing in magnitude. A multi-timing regular perturbation technique in asymptotic procedures is utilized to analyze the problem. The result shows that the dynamic buckling load depends, among other things, on the first derivative of the load function evaluated at the initial time. In the long run, the dynamic buckling load is related to its static equivalent, and that relationship is independent of the imperfection parameter. Thus, once any of the two buckling loads is known, then the other can easily be evaluated using this relationship.
Effect of Cassava Starch Coating on the Quality and Shelf Life of Prickly Pear in Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Nunes Valtânia Xavier , Nunes Núbia Xavier , Silva Juceliandy Mendes Da , Fonsesa Sarah Nadja Araújo , Jesus Mariana Oliveira De , Paraizo Eliene Almeida , Mizobutsi Gisele Polete , Santos Carlos Eduardo Magalhães Dos
Published: June 2019

In Brazil, the prickly pear has been gaining more and more attention, mainly due to its nutritional health promotion benefits. However, its postharvest conservation is still incipient The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of cassava starch in different concentrations in relation to quality preservation and postharvest shelf life prolongation of prickly pear stored at 10 °C and relative humidity of 95%. Fruit were harvested at maturation stage III, in plants with 8 years of age, in the municipality of Janaúba - MG. Then they were selected, sanitized and immersed in sulutions of cassava starch at 0; 1; 2 and 3% for 1 minute and stored at 10 ± 1 ◦C and relative humidity of 95 ± 5%, for 25 days, and evaluated every five days. The designed trial consisted of a completely randomized trial, in a 4x6 factorial scheme: four concentrations of cassava starch and six periods of evaluations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days), with four replications. Fruit were evaluated for physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics. During storage were observed weight loss, firmness loss, chlorophyll degradation, acidity reduction and ascorbic acid, with increase of soluble solids, total sugars and carotenoids in fruit. The higher the cassava starch concentration, the greater the maintenance of fruit quality. The 3% cassava starch coating was the most efficient at delaying the weight loss, decay, softening and wilting in the fruits, the main characteristics that affect the quality of prickly pear. However, this concentration presented, as an inconvenience, coating peeling at the end of storage.
Intermolecular Multiple Dehydrogenative Cross‐Couplings of Ketones with Boronic Acids and Amines via Copper Catalysis
Authors: Wang Tianzhang , Chen Guowei , Lu Yu‐Jing , Chen Qian , Huo Yanping , Li Xianwei
Published: June 2019

An efficient and versatile oxidative coupling reaction was developed for the synthesis of valuable β‐functionalized unsaturated ketones and meta‐substituted phenols. In the case of intramolecular reactions, achieving rapid molecular complexity through multiple dehydrogenative couplings is already a well‐established strategy. Herein, we report an intermolecular multiple dehydrogenative coupling between ketones and nucleophilic amines or boronic acids using inexpensive copper(I) oxide as a catalyst. This method provides a facile access to highly desirable chemical products such as α,β‐unsaturated ketones, enaminones, and synthetically relevant meta‐substituted phenols.

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SHOX far‐downstream copy‐number variations involving cis‐regulatory nucleotide variants in two sisters with Leri‐Weill dyschondrosteosis
Authors: Ogushi Kenichiro , Muroya Koji , Shima Hirohito , Jinno Tomoko , Miyado Mami , Fukami Maki
Published: June 2019

SHOX haploinsufficiency leading to Leri‐Weill dyschondrosteosis (LWD) and idiopathic short stature typically results from intragenic mutations or copy‐number variations (CNVs) involving SHOX and/or its putative enhancer regions that are distributed in the genomic interval between 400 kb and 840 kb from Xpter/Ypter. Here, we report two sisters with LWD, who carried a deletion in the far‐downstream region of SHOX. The 0.62 Mb deletion contained 50 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and short insertions and deletions (indels), whose genotypes were linked to SHOX expression levels in the Genotype‐Tissue Expression portal. Notably, most of these SNPs/indels accumulated within a ~20 kb interval that was positioned ~900 kb away from Xpter/Ypter. These SNPs/indels showed similar minor allele frequencies, indicating that they reside within a haplotype block. The ~20 kb interval was not evolutionarily conserved; however, it was associated with the previously determined peak of chromosome conformation capture profiling (4C)‐seq. Importantly, the deletion in the present cases partially overlapped with CNVs of three previous cases with skeletal deformity and/or short stature. The results indicate that far‐downstream CNVs constitute rare genetic causes of SHOX haploinsufficiency. These CNVs possibly impair SHOX expression through copy‐number changes of a human‐specific cis‐regulatory haplotype block. This notion awaits further validation.
UV‐curable polyurethane acrylate resin containing multiple active terminal groups for enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Duan Huajun , Dong Wenjing , Wang Xin , Tao Xiaoxiao , Ma Huiru
Published: June 2019

In this article, aiming to develop the high performance ultraviolet (UV)‐curable resin used in the polymer matrix composite, a series of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) resins with the different numbers of allyl terminal groups were elaborately designed and synthesized, in which the contents of hard segments and soft segments were also adjusted simultaneously. The effects of allyl number on properties of PUA were systemically investigated. It was found that allyl number had the negligible effect on the processability as well as positive effect on thermal performances, and all PUA resins exhibited the low viscosity and rapid UV polymerization. Besides, with the change of allyl number in the range of 2–4, PUA resin casting with three allyls possessed the preferable mechanical properties such as 85.1 MPa tensile strength, 3.94 GPa tensile modulus, and 20.7 kJ m−2impact strength. More importantly, the high strength and high modulus of the composite further demonstrated the wide potentials of the as‐prepared PUA resin as the ideal resin matrix candidate for the fiber reinforced polymer composites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48147.
Factors influencing thermal, mechanical, optical, and adhesive properties of segmented poly(imide siloxane) copolymers films
Authors: Zhao Daoxiang , Chen Weijun , Qu Chunyan , Liu Changwei , Cui Baojun , Li Gang , Song Junjun , Li Liaoliao , Zheng Shuai , Chang Jiaying , Tang Yao , Shang Liming , Zhang Haitao
Published: June 2019

Poly(imide siloxane), block and blend copolymer, were synthesized using different methods to explore the influence of siloxane chains. The flexible siloxane chains enrichment on surface of copolymer, enhance hydrophobic and adhesive with copper foil. It also improves light transmittance of polyimide film in the visible light region. The effect of different preparation methods on the aggregation in polymers and on polymer properties, especially adhesion and water absorptivity, are also discussed. The imidization temperature and synthesis method (blend and block) during the reaction has a significant effect on the properties of the product, especially thermal properties (T
g values are 207 °C for block and 180 °C for blend) and mechanical properties (elongation of 130% for block and 50% for blend). The bonding strength of polymer films used as hot melt adhesive was also tested. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48148.
Bio‐based β‐myrcene‐modified solution‐polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber for improving carbon black dispersion and wet skid resistance
Authors: Zhang Jingwei , Lu Jianmin , Su Ke , Wang Dongfang , Han Bingyong
Published: June 2019

β‐Myrcene, a bio‐based monoterpene derived from plants, was introduced to replace butadiene in the solution‐polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber by using the conventional anionic copolymerization technique. The anionic copolymerization of β‐myrcene was found to be stoichiometric and controllable. A series of solution‐polymerized styrene–myrcene–butadiene rubber (S‐SMBR) with 100% conversion, high‐molecular weight (150 000–200 000 Da), low polydispersity, and uniform compositions was obtained. The glass transition temperature of S‐SMBR exhibited imperceptible variation with different myrcene/butadiene ratios. Interestingly, the introduction of such a long nonpolar pendant group containing isopropylidene could greatly improve carbon black dispersibility in the rubber. Furthermore, the wet skid resistance of the rubber could be improved without impairing its low rolling resistance. The tensile strength of S‐SMBR was found to be higher than that prepared by radical emulsion copolymerization. The S‐SMBR prepared by anionic solution copolymerization is thus a promising material for tires to attain sustainable development. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48159.

HIGHLIGHTS

A bio‐based monomer was successfully introduced to replace diene part in SBR through anionic polymerization.

Carbon black dispersibility in the rubber was greatly improved.

The wet skid resistance of the rubber could be improved without impairing its low rolling resistance.

Robust tensile behaviors were obtained compared with the rubber prepared by radical emulsion polymerization.
Microscopic visualization of virus removal by dedicated filters used in biopharmaceutical processing: Impact of membrane structure and localization of captured virus particles
Authors: Adan‐Kubo Jun , Tsujikawa Muneo , Takahashi Kadue , Hongo‐Hirasaki Tomoko , Sakai Kaoru
Published: June 2019

Virus filtration with nanometer size exclusion membranes (“nanofiltration”) is effective for removing infectious agents from biopharmaceuticals. While the virus removal capability of virus removal filters is typically evaluated based on calculation of logarithmic reduction value (LRV) of virus infectivity, knowledge of the exact mechanism(s) of virus retention remains limited. Here, human parvovirus B19 (B19V), a small virus (18–26 nm), was spiked into therapeutic plasma protein solutions and filtered through Planova™ 15N and 20N filters in scaled‐down manufacturing processes. Observation of the gross structure of the Planova hollow fiber membranes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed Planova filter microporous membranes to have a rough inner, a dense middle and a rough outer layer. Of these three layers, the dense middle layer was clearly identified as the most functionally critical for effective capture of B19V. Planova filtration of protein solution containing B19V resulted in a distribution peak in the dense middle layer with an LRV >4, demonstrating effectiveness of the filtration step. This is the first report to simultaneously analyze the gross structure of a virus removal filter and visualize virus entrapment during a filtration process conducted under actual manufacturing conditions. The methodologies developed in this study demonstrate that the virus removal capability of the filtration process can be linked to the gross physical filter structure, contributing to better understanding of virus trapping mechanisms and helping the development of more reliable and robust virus filtration processes in the manufacture of biologicals.
How many bones? Every bone in my body
Authors: Neumann Paul E. , Gest Thomas R.
Published: June 2019

Textbooks frequently report that there are 206 human bones, or 200 bones and 6 auditory ossicles. The human bone counts in history and within adulthood were reviewed. Tallies of 197 to 307 bones have been reported over the past several centuries. The relatively low modern reckoning of 206 was due to exclusion of teeth and sesamoid ossicles, and to reassessments of the hyoid, sacrum, coccyx, and sternum as unitary bones. An audit of bone counts during adulthood failed to confirm a rational justification for the total of 206. The number is higher in young adults and lower in the elderly. Difficulties in establishing a definitive bone count include individual differences and the inconsistency of viewing the adult cranium as a collection of 21 bones. Clin. Anat. 33:187–191, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Controlling the Supramolecular Polymerization of Donor‐Acceptor π‐Systems through Hydrogen Bond Intervention
Authors: Nair Vishnu Sukumaran , Vedhanarayanan Balaraman , Ajayaghosh Ayyappanpillai
Published: June 2019

Supramolecular polymerization of donor‐acceptor type molecules leads to mixed or self‐sorted assemblies depending on the donor‐acceptor strength and extent of noncovalent interactions between the components. Herein, we discuss how competing hydrogen bonding motifs control the supramolecular polymerization pathway of a two‐component molecular π‐system of oligo(p‐phenylenevinylene) (OPV‐B and OPV‐P) donors and perylene bisimide (PBI‐B and PBI‐A) acceptors. It is shown that among the four different binary combinations (M1–M4) studied, the carboxylic acid/pyridine heterosystem (1 : 2 molar ratio) in M4 favors the coassembled donor‐acceptor stacks with a distinct morphology, whose aggregation pathways in toluene/THF (v/v : 9/1) is different from that of the individual components. The nanoscopic molecular arrangement of OPV‐P driven by PBI‐A in M4 was found to influence the bulk properties such as, morphology, thermomechanical stability and electrical conductivity. For example, the G′ and G′′ values of M4 is an order of the magnitude higher and exhibited a four‐probe electrical conductivity (11.93 Scm−1) higher than that of its individual components. Thus, hydrogen‐bond intervention is a powerful strategy to control the supramolecular polymerization of two‐component donor‐acceptor π‐systems.
Direct Growth of CNTs@CoSxSe2(1−x) on Carbon Cloth for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Qiu Yunfeng , Ji Xinyang , Ma Tiange , Ma Zhuo , Hu Ping An
Published: June 2019

Searching for low‐cost, high‐efficiency, bifunctional, non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is crucial to renewable energy conversion. Herein, a series of component‐controllable CC/CNTs@CoSxSe2(1−x) (CC: carbon cloth, CNT: carbon nanotube) with excellent bifunctional properties in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) were obtained by chemical vapor deposition. In this strategy, the Zif‐67 precursor served as a structural inducer, which was directly grown on CC and pyrolyzed with the assistance of melamine to form multi‐walled CNT‐encapsulated CoSxSe2(1−x) hierarchical nanostructures. Subsequently, the electrocatalytic properties of the as‐prepared materials were optimized by adjusting the S/Se molar ratio. Of note is that the lattice distortion caused by the different radii of Se and S generated a polarized electric field for easy adsorption of the intermediate products. The CoOOH generated in situ on the surface of CoSxSe2(1−x), as well as n‐ and p‐type domains in carbon, synergistically resulted in abundant active sites to boost the electrocatalytic activity. CC/CNTs@CoS0.74Se0.52 exhibited overpotentials for the HER and OER of 225 and 285 mV, respectively and attained a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline solution. The as‐prepared electrocatalysts could act as both cathode and anode in a water electrolyzer showing a cell voltage of 1.74 V and delivering 10 mA cm−2, comparable to those of noble‐metal‐based water electrolyzers.
Amplifying Bone Marrow Progenitors Expressing α‐Smooth Muscle Actin Produce Zonal Insertion Sites During Tendon‐to‐Bone Repair
Authors: Kamalitdinov Timur B. , Fujino Keitaro , Shetye Snehal S. , Jiang Xi , Ye Yaping , Rodriguez Ashley B. , Kuntz Andrew F. , Zgonis Miltiadis H. , Dyment Nathaniel A.
Published: June 2019

Traditional tendon‐to‐bone repair where the tendon is reattached to bone via suture anchors often results in disorganized scar production rather than the formation of a zonal insertion. In contrast, ligament reconstructions where tendon grafts are passed through bone tunnels can yield zonal tendon‐to‐bone attachments between the graft and adjacent bone. Therefore, ligament reconstructions can be used to study mechanisms that regulate zonal tendon‐to‐bone repair in the adult. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are one of the most common reconstruction procedures and while we know that cells from outside the graft produce the attachments, we have not yet established specific cell populations that give rise to this tissue. To address this knowledge gap, we performed ACL reconstructions in lineage tracing mice where α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMACreERT2) was used to label αSMA‐expressing progenitors within the bone marrow that produced zonal attachments. Expression of αSMA was increased during early stages of the repair process such that the contribution of SMA‐labeled cells to the tunnel integration was highest when tamoxifen was delivered in the first week post‐surgery. The zonal attachments shared features with normal entheses, including tidemarks oriented perpendicularly to collagen fibers, Col1a1‐expressing cells, alkaline phosphatase activity, and proteoglycan‐rich staining. Finally, the integration strength increased with time, requiring 112% greater force to remove the graft from the tunnel at 28 days compared with 14 days post‐surgery. Future studies will target these progenitor cells to define the pathways that regulate zonal tendon‐to‐bone repair in the adult. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:105–116, 2020
Omega‐3‐rich Isochrysis sp. biomass enhances brain docosahexaenoic acid levels and improves serum lipid profile and antioxidant status in Wistar rats
Authors: Balakrishnan Jeyakumar , Dhavamani Sugasini , Sadasivam Selvam Govindan , Arumugam Muthu , Vellaikumar Sampathrajan , Ramalingam Jagadeesan , Shanmugam Kathiresan
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

Isochrysis sp. is a marine microalga, rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The potential use of its biomass as an alternative source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has not been studied in animal models. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into three groups and treated for 28 days. The rats were fed with (1) standard chow (control group), (2) microalgal biomass rich in EPA and DHA along with standard chow (microalga group), and (3) fish oil that contains equivalent amounts of EPA and DHA along with standard chow (fish oil group). After intervention, biochemical indices, histopathological indices, relative mRNA expression of PUFA genes, antioxidant genes, inflammatory markers, and the fatty acid profile of major tissues were studied.

RESULTS

Animals treated with microalgal biomass showed significantly increased serum HDL levels (P < 0.05) and reduced oxidative stress markers with a concomitant decrease in urea and creatinine levels. Oral supplementation of microalgal biomass did not show any toxicity or damage in any major organs. The mRNA expression of PUFA genes was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) and antioxidant genes were upregulated. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory markers was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) and anti‐inflammatory markers were upregulated. Oral supplementation of microalgal biomass improved DHA status in brain and liver.

CONCLUSION

The present study demonstrated that Isochrysis sp. can be used as a safe, alternative food supplement for ω‐3 fatty acids. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Successful treatment of lymphedema in a vasculopath and neuropathic patient
Authors: Inchauste Suzanne , Zelones Justin , Rochlin Danielle , Nguyen Dung H.
Published: June 2019

This is a case report of a 68‐year‐old male with stage III right lower extremity lymphedema following right inguinal lymph node dissection and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma. He developed peripheral neuropathy and radiation‐induced right femoral artery thrombosis, treated with saphenous vein graft. He underwent three vascularized lymph node transfers (VLNTs) to the upper medial thigh, posterior calf, and ankle with placement of nanofibrillar collagen scaffolds. Three months after surgery, he had volume reduction, less neuropathic pain, and improved ambulation.
Banding‐free balanced SSFP cardiac cine using frequency modulation and phase cycle redundancy
Authors: Datta Anjali , Nishimura Dwight G. , Baron Corey A.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

To develop a method for banding‐free balanced SSFP cardiac cine imaging in a single breath‐hold.

Methods

A frequency modulation scheme was designed for cardiac applications to eliminate the time normally required for steady‐state stabilization between multiple phase‐cycled acquisitions. Highly undersampled acquisitions were reconstructed using a model‐based reconstruction that exploits redundancy both over time and between phase cycles. Performance of the methods was evaluated using both retrospective and prospective undersampling in scans with and without frequency modulation from four subjects.

Results

The proposed methods enabled balanced SSFP cardiac cine with three effective phase cycles in only 10 heartbeats. Images acquired with frequency modulation and with standard phase cycling were of similar quality. The combination of temporal and inter‐acquisition similarity constraints reduced errors by approximately 45% compared to enforcing similarity constraints over time alone.

Conclusions

In off‐resonance conditions that preclude the acquisition of single‐acquisition balanced SSFP, phase cycling can eliminate the dark bands in balanced SSFP cine cardiac imaging at the expense of some SNR efficiency. The proposed techniques permit these types of acquisitions in a single breath‐hold.
Photoinduced cationic frontal polymerization of epoxy–carbon fibre composites
Authors: Sangermano Marco , Antonazzo Ippazio , Sisca Lorenzo , Carello Massimiliana
Published: June 2019

UV‐activated frontal polymerization was exploited for the preparation of epoxy–carbon fibre composites. The curing process was investigated showing the frontal behaviour, and the final properties of UV‐cured composites were compared with those of the same composites obtained by thermal curing in the presence of amine as hardener. The best curing formulations were designed, defining the photoinitiator‐to‐thermal initiator ratio, which was 1.5:1.5. It was observed that the presence of the carbon fibres induced an acceleration of the front velocity. By comparing the thermomechanical properties of the thermally cured composite and the same composite crosslinked using the frontal process, we could observe that the latter showed higher Tg value and lower σf. This was attributed to the formation of a different polymeric network structure. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Strain hardening in glassy polymers: Influence of network density on elastic and viscous contributions
Authors: Clarijs Coen C. W. J. , Govaert Leon E.
Published: June 2019

In this study, the rate‐ and temperature‐dependent strain hardening and the Bauschinger effect is studied for three glassy polymers. It appeared that for all materials, an equal distribution of elastic and viscous hardening was necessary to accurately predict the Bauschinger effect, as well as the rate‐ and temperature‐dependent strain hardening response. As for the elastic contribution, the viscous contribution appears to increase with an increase in entanglement network density. Investigating the effect of temperature on the Bauschinger effect revealed that at elevated temperatures the model predictions are not accurately enough. It is shown that this is caused by the magnitude of the elastic hardening contribution; to improve the predictions, a temperature‐dependent elastic contribution is necessary. © 2019 The Authors.Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physicspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1001–1013