bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of acoustic signaling for spacing and group coordination in a nocturnal, pair‐living primate, the western woolly lemur (Avahi occidentalis)
Authors: Ramanankirahina Rindrahatsarana , Joly Marine , Scheumann Marina , Zimmermann Elke
Published: November 2015

Objectives

How social groups govern their distribution in time and space is a central question in socioecology. The aim of this study is to explore the role of acoustic signaling for spacing and cohesiveness in a nocturnal, cohesive, pair‐living strepsirrhine.

Material and Methods

The study was conducted in northwestern Madagascar. Six pairs ofAvahi occidentaliswere radio‐collared and home range usage, vocalizations and call‐associated behavior recorded using GPS‐based focal animal sampling. Home range size was analyzed using ArcView GIS 3.3. Calls were characterized by a multiparametric sound analysis.

Results

Three frequently used, acoustically distinct call types were identified: the avahee call, the whistle call, and the growling call, the latter is a soft; the two others are loud calls. Call types are given by both sexes and convey individually‐specific signatures. Call types are used primarily in the locomotion context in the non‐core‐area of home ranges. The least common avahee call is responded by the avahee call from farther away. The more common whistle call, given when partners become visually isolated, and the growling call emitted at close distances, were answered by the whistle and the growling call. Results suggest a spacing function for the avahee call and group coordination functions for the other call types.

Discussion

Our study provides first empirical evidence for a nocturnal, cohesive pair‐living strepsirrhine that vocal signaling represents an important mechanism for spacing, group coordination and decision making. Findings contribute to a better understanding of the evolutionary roots of primate vocal communication. Am J Phys Anthropol 159:466–477, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lichtgesteuerte Umwandlung zwischen einem selbstassemblierten Dreieck und einer rhombenkuboktaedrischen Sphäre
Authors: Han Muxin , Luo Yuansu , Damaschke Bernd , Gómez Laura , Ribas Xavi , Jose Anex , Peretzki Patrick , Seibt Michael , Clever Guido H.
Published: November 2015

Durch äußere Stimuli ausgelöste Strukturumwandlungen spielen bei vielen biologischen Vorgängen eine wichtige Rolle, oft als Teil kinetisch gesteuerter Szenarien. Licht hat sich bei supramolekularen Nachbildungen solcher Systeme als perfekter externer Trigger erwiesen. Hier berichten wir über die lichtgesteuerte Strukturumwandlung eines kleinen, selbstassemblierten Pd3L6‐Ringes, aufgebaut aus photochromen Dithienylethen(DTE)‐Liganden, zu einer rhombenkuboktaedrischen Pd24L48‐Sphäre mit einem Durchmesser von 6.4 nm. Je nach Wahl der Wellenlänge kann dieser Prozess vollständig umgekehrt werden, wie durch NMR‐, UV/Vis‐ und MS‐Messungen gezeigt werden konnte. Zudem konnte die Bildung der Sphäre mittels AFM, TEM und GISAXS nachgewiesen werden. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Konformationen der Photoschalter in den isomeren Konstrukten zeigen die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten der Umwandlung zwischen beiden Strukturen eine starke Abhängigkeit von der Schaltrichtung.
Goldkatalysierte C‐H‐Anellierung von Anthranilen mit Alkinen: flexible, atomökonomische Synthese ungeschützter 7‐Acylindole
Authors: Jin Hongming , Huang Long , Xie Jin , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: November 2015

Die goldkatalysierte C‐H‐Anellierung von Anthranilderivaten mit Alkinen eröffnet eine einfache, flexible und atomökonomische einstufige Route zu ungeschützten 7‐Acylindolen. Über eine α‐Iminogoldcarben‐Zwischenstufe, die in einer intermolekularen Reaktion generiert wird, erfolgt eine ortho‐Aryl‐C‐H‐Funktionalisierung zur Zielverbindung. Die Transformation zeichnet sich durch ein breites Substratspektrum und milde Bedingungen aus. Darüber hinaus stellen die erhaltenen Indole eine vielseitige Plattform für den Aufbau verschiedenster Indolyl‐Grundgerüste dar.
Li2C2, a High‐Capacity Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Tian Na , Gao Yurui , Li Yurong , Wang Zhaoxiang , Song Xiaoyan , Chen Liquan
Published: November 2015

As a typical alkaline earth metal carbide, lithium carbide (Li2C2) has the highest theoretical specific capacity (1400 mA h g−1) among all the reported lithium‐containing cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Herein, the feasibility of using Li2C2 as a cathode material was studied. The results show that at least half of the lithium can be extracted from Li2C2 and the reversible specific capacity reaches 700 mA h g−1. The CC bond tends to rotate to form C4 (CC⋅⋅⋅CC) chains during lithium extraction, as indicated with the first‐principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulation. The low electronic and ionic conductivity are believed to be responsible for the potential gap between charge and discharge, as is supported with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Arrhenius fitting results. These findings illustrate the feasibility to use the alkali and alkaline earth metal carbides as high‐capacity electrode materials for secondary batteries.
Fimbrolide Natural Products Disrupt Bioluminescence of Vibrio By Targeting Autoinducer Biosynthesis and Luciferase Activity
Authors: Zhao Weining , Lorenz Nicola , Jung Kirsten , Sieber Stephan A.
Published: November 2015

Vibrio is a model organism for the study of quorum sensing (QS) signaling and is used to identify QS‐interfering drugs. Naturally occurring fimbrolides are important tool compounds known to affect QS in various organisms; however, their cellular targets have so far remained elusive. Here we identify the irreversible fimbrolide targets in the proteome of living V. harveyi and V. campbellii via quantitative mass spectrometry utilizing customized probes. Among the major hits are two protein targets with essential roles in Vibrio QS and bioluminescence. LuxS, responsible for autoinducer 2 biosynthesis, and LuxE, a subunit of the luciferase complex, were both covalently modified at their active‐site cysteines leading to inhibition of activity. The identification of LuxE unifies previous reports suggesting inhibition of bioluminescence downstream of the signaling cascade and thus contributes to a better mechanistic understanding of these QS tool compounds.
Light‐Controlled Interconversion between a Self‐Assembled Triangle and a Rhombicuboctahedral Sphere
Authors: Han Muxin , Luo Yuansu , Damaschke Bernd , Gómez Laura , Ribas Xavi , Jose Anex , Peretzki Patrick , Seibt Michael , Clever Guido H.
Published: November 2015

Stimuli‐responsive structural reorganizations play an important role in biological processes, often in combination with kinetic control scenarios. In supramolecular mimics of such systems, light has been established as the perfect external trigger. Here, we report on the light‐driven structural rearrangement of a small, self‐assembled Pd3L6 ring based on photochromic dithienylethene (DTE) ligands into a rhombicuboctahedral Pd24L48 sphere measuring about 6.4 nm across. When the wavelength is changed, this interconversion can be fully reversed, as confirmed by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. The sphere was visualized by AFM, TEM, and GISAXS measurements. Due to dissimilarities in the photoswitch conformations, the interconversion rates between the two assemblies are drastically different in the two directions.
Numerical simulation of soot combustion process in a bubbling fluidized bed with segregation behavior
Authors: Zhong Hanbin , Lan Xingying , Gao Jinsen
Published: November 2015

Although only about 1 wt.% soot is formed after asphalt gasification, it is generally recognized that handling of the soot places a considerable financial burden on the integrated deasphalting–gasification process, because the disposal of the filter soot to landfill or other destinations causes serious environment problems. The bubbling fluidized bed combustion process, which takes the advantage of segregation behavior, was proposed to solve soot handling problem. A multi‐fluid model based on an Eulerian–Eulerian approach was developed to reveal the characteristics of segregation and combustion behavior. The distributions of flow, temperature, and species concentration were obtained, and the simulation results demonstrate that the segregation behavior is beneficial to discharge particle mixtures with low soot content at the bottom of the bed, which will favor the following vanadium recovering process. The effects of several key operating conditions, such as excess air coefficient, superficial gas velocity and initial static bed height were also discussed. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF CYSTEINE AND TRYPSIN PROTEASE, EFFECT OF DIFFERENT HOSTS ON PROTEASE EXPRESSION, AND RNAI MEDIATED SILENCING OF CYSTEINE PROTEASE GENE IN THE SUNN PEST
Authors: Amiri Azam , Bandani Ali Reza , Alizadeh Houshang
Published: November 2015

Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps, is a serious pest of cereals in the wide area of the globe from Near and Middle East to East and South Europe and North Africa. This study described for the first time, identification of E. integriceps trypsin serine protease and cathepsin‐L cysteine, transcripts involved in digestion, which might serve as targets for pest control management. A total of 478 and 500 base pair long putative trypsin and cysteine gene sequences were characterized and named Tryp and Cys, respectively. In addition, the tissue‐specific relative gene expression levels of these genes as well as gluten hydrolase (Gl) were determined under different host kernels feeding conditions. Result showed that mRNA expression of Cys, Tryp, and Gl was significantly affected after feeding on various host plant species. Transcript levels of these genes were most abundant in the wheat‐fed E. integriceps larvae compared to other hosts. The Cys transcript was detected exclusively in the gut, whereas the Gl and Tryp transcripts were detectable in both salivary glands and gut. Also possibility of Sunn pest gene silencing was studied by topical application of cysteine double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). The results indicated that topically applied dsRNA on fifth nymphal stage can penetrate the cuticle of the insect and induce RNA interference. The Cys gene mRNA transcript in the gut was reduced to 83.8% 2 days posttreatment. Also, it was found that dsRNA of Cys gene affected fifth nymphal stage development suggesting the involvement of this protease in the insect growth, development, and molting.
A Fast Model‐Predictive Speed Controller for Minimised Charge Consumption of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Schwickart Tim , Voos Holger , Hadji‐Minaglou Jean‐Régis , Darouach Mohamed
Published: November 2015

This paper presents the design of a real‐time implementable energy‐efficient model‐predictive cruise controller for electric vehicles including the driving speed reference generation. The controller is designed to meet the properties of a series‐production electric vehicle whose characteristics are identified and validated by measurements. The predictive eco‐cruise controller aims at finding the best compromise between speed‐reference tracking and energy consumption of the vehicle using an underlying dynamic model of the vehicle motion and charge consumption. The originally non‐linear motion model is transformed into a linear model mainly by using a coordinate transform. To obtain a piecewise linear approximation of the charge consumption map, the measured characteristics are approximated by a convex piecewise linear function represented as the maximum of a set of linear constraint functions. The reformulations finally lead to a model‐predictive control approach with quadratic cost function, linear prediction model and linear constraints that corresponds to a piecewise linear system behaviour and allows a fast real‐time implementation with guaranteed convergence. Simulation results of the closed‐loop operation finally illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Climatology of convective available potential energy (CAPE) inERA‐Interim reanalysis over West Africa
Authors: Meukaleuni Cyrille , Lenouo André , Monkam David
Published: November 2015

Seasonal study of convective available potential energy (CAPE) is done using 6‐hERA‐Interim data over West Africa during 35 years (1979–2014). Climatology ofCAPEpresented in terms of seasonal means, variances and trends shows large values toward 12°–16°N with maxima during summer, according to higher relative humidity due to the arrival of monsoon in West Africa. Spectral analysis in the zone 10°–20°N/20°W–30°E, centered on the latitudes of maxima ofCAPEtrends at 12°–16°N toward inter‐tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) mean position in summer, shows significant power in the 3–5 day within the regions of tropical deep convection in connection with African easterly waves.
The sensitivity and specificity of the social communication questionnaire for autism spectrum with respect to age
Authors: Barnard‐Brak Lucy , Brewer Adam , Chesnut Steven , Richman David , Schaeffer Anna Marie
Published: November 2015

The age neutrality of the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) was examined as a common screener for ASD. Mixed findings have been reported regarding the recommended cutoff score's ability to accurately classify an individual as at‐risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (sensitivity) versus accurately classifying an individual as not at‐risk for ASD (specificity). With a sample from the National Database for Autism Research, this study examined the SCQ's sensitivity versus specificity. Analyses indicated that the actual sensitivity and specificity scores were lower than initially reported by the creators of the SCQ. Autism Res 2016, 9: 838–845. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk adjustment models for short-term outcomes after surgical resection for oesophagogastric cancer
Authors: Fischer C , Lingsma H , Hardwick R , Cromwell D A , Steyerberg E , Groene O
Published: November 2015

Background

Outcomes for oesophagogastric cancer surgery are compared with the aim of benchmarking quality of care. Adjusting for patient characteristics is crucial to avoid biased comparisons between providers. The study objective was to develop a case-mix adjustment model for comparing 30- and 90-day mortality and anastomotic leakage rates after oesophagogastric cancer resections.

Methods

The study reviewed existing models, considered expert opinion and examined audit data in order to select predictors that were consequently used to develop a case-mix adjustment model for the National Oesophago-Gastric Cancer Audit, covering England and Wales. Models were developed on patients undergoing surgical resection between April 2011 and March 2013 using logistic regression. Model calibration and discrimination was quantified using a bootstrap procedure.

Results

Most existing risk models for oesophagogastric resections were methodologically weak, outdated or based on detailed laboratory data that are not generally available. In 4882 patients with oesophagogastric cancer used for model development, 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 2·3 and 4·4 per cent respectively, and 6·2 per cent of patients developed an anastomotic leak. The internally validated models, based on predictors selected from the literature, showed moderate discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0·646 for 30-day mortality, 0·664 for 90-day mortality and 0·587 for anastomotic leakage) and good calibration.

Conclusion

Based on available data, three case-mix adjustment models for postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing curative surgery for oesophagogastric cancer were developed. These models should be used for risk adjustment when assessing hospital performance in the National Health Service, and tested in other large health systems.
Reactions of Aryl 5‐substituted‐2‐Thiophenecarboxylates Promoted by 4‐Z‐C6H4O−/4‐Z‐C6H4OH in 20 mol % DMSO(aq). Effect of Nucleophile on Acyl‐Transfer Reaction
Authors: Pyun Sang Yong , Paik Kyu Cheol , Han Man So , Cho Bong Rae
Published: November 2015

Nucleophilic substitution reactions of 5‐XC4H2
(S)C(O)OC6H3
‐2‐Y‐4‐NO2
(1) promoted by 4‐Z‐C6H4O
−/4‐Z‐C6H4OH in 20 mol % dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)(aq) have been studied kinetically. The reactions exhibited second‐order kinetics with βacyl = −2.52 to −2.83, ρ(x) = 2.81–3.16, βnuc = 0.88–0.04 and βlg = −0.94, respectively. The results have been interpreted with an addition–elimination mechanism in which the nucleophilic attack occurs in the rate‐determining step. Comparison with existing data reveals that the rate‐determining step changes from the second to the first step by the change in the nucleophile from R2NH/R2NH2

+ to 4‐Z‐C6H4O
−/4‐Z‐C6H4OH.
Role of ZrO2 on Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/ZrO2 in Methanol Synthesis
Authors: Jung Heon , Yang Dae Ryook , Jung Kwang‐Deog
Published: November 2015

Cu/ZnO/Al2O3
/ZrO2
(CZAZr) catalysts were prepared by a coprecipitation method. CO2
was introduced into aging solution to get CZAZr precusors with malachite phase. The x value in CZAZr(x) is the metallic ratio of the Zr component at a fixed metallic ratio of Cu:Zn:Al of 6:3:1. TOFMeOH
of CZAZr(0) was 0.56 µmol/m2Cu/s at 250 °C, 50 atm and a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 12 000 mL/gcat/h. TOFMeOHs of CZAZr(1), CZAZr(2), CZAZr(3), and CZAZr(4) were 0.64, 0.90, 0.99, and 1.08 µmol/m2Cu/s at the same reaction condition, respectively. TOFMeOHs of CZAZr catalysts increased with increasing ZrO2
content, indicating that high TOFMeOH
of CZAZr catalysts came from ZrO2
as compared with CZAZr(0) catalysts. These kinetic data on CZAZr catalysts in the practical reaction condition proved the suggestion from previous infrared (IR) study on Cu/Zr catalysts. ZrO2
afforded the adsorption sites for CO and CO2
insertion into Zr–OH and Cu supplied active hydrogen to ZrO2
for hydrogenating formate and hydroxycarbonate to methanol on ZrO2
in addition to methanol synthesis on Cu/ZnO/Al2O3
.
An Analogue of Grubbs Third‐Generation Catalyst with Fluorophilic Pyridine Ligands: Fluorous/Organic Phase‐Transfer Activation of Ring‐Closing Alkene Metathesis
Authors: Balogh Janos , Hlil Antisar R. , Su Haw‐Lih , Xi Zhenxing , Bazzi Hassan S. , Gladysz John A.
Published: November 2015

The title catalyst (H2IMes)[3,5‐NC5H3(CH2CH2Rf8)2]2(Cl)2Ru(=CHPh) [H2IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydroimidazol‐2‐ylidene, Rf8=(CF2)7CF3] was prepared from the fluorous pyridine 3,5‐NC5H3(CH2CH2Rf8)2 (2.1 equiv.) and the pyridine complex (H2IMes)(NC5H5)2(Cl)2Ru(=CHPh). 3,5‐NC5H3(CH2CH2Rf8)2 was synthesized by a Heck reaction of 3,5‐dibromopyridine and the fluorous alkene H2C=CHRf8 [2.4 equiv.; Pd(OAc)2 (cat.), n‐Bu4N+ Br−/NaOAc (2.0 equiv.)], followed by hydrogenation. The catalyst shows dramatic rate accelerations in the ring‐closing metatheses of α,ω‐dienes under fluorous/organic liquid/liquid biphasic conditions [e.g., perfluoro(methyldecalin)/CD2Cl2] relative to rates under monophasic organic conditions (e.g., CD2Cl2). These catalysts require initial dissociation of the pyridine ligands to generate the active species, which can either combine with an alkene (productive) or recombine with a pyridine (unproductive). In the case of (H2IMes)[3,5‐NC5H2(CH2CH2Rf8)2]2(Cl)2Ru(=CHPh), fluorophilic 3,5‐NC5H3(CH2CH2Rf8)2 transfers to the fluorous phase, in accord with its CF3C6F11/toluene partition coefficient [93.9:6.1 vs. 39.8:60.2 for (H2IMes)[3,5‐NC5H3(CH2CH2Rf8)2]2(Cl)2Ru(=CHPh)], which decreases the fraction of unproductive events.
Azafullerene C59N in Donor–Acceptor Dyads: Synthetic Approaches and Properties
Authors: Rotas Georgios , Tagmatarchis Nikos
Published: November 2015

Energy conversion schemes have attracted considerable attention in recent years. A large amount of research effort has focused on fullerenes, particularly C60 and its derivatives, as suitable electron acceptors, owing to their outstanding properties. In this context, C59N‐based donor–acceptor systems have lately attracted attention, owing to their exceptional energy‐and electron‐transfer properties. As a result, chemical derivatization of C59N plays an important role in the realization of the aforementioned systems. The current Minireview aims to familiarize researchers with the main aspects of azafullerene synthesis, chemistry, and photophysical properties, while it mainly focuses on the synthetic methodologies employed for as well as on energy conversion schemes of azafullerene‐based donor–acceptor systems.
Azidoethoxyphenylalanine as a Vibrational Reporter and Click Chemistry Partner in Proteins
Authors: Tookmanian Elise M. , Phillips‐Piro Christine M. , Fenlon Edward E. , Brewer Scott H.
Published: November 2015

An unnatural amino acid, 4‐(2‐azidoethoxy)‐L‐phenylalanine (AePhe, 1), was designed and synthesized in three steps from known compounds in 54 % overall yield. The sensitivity of the IR absorption of the azide of AePhe was established by comparison of the frequency of the azide asymmetric stretch vibration in water and dimethyl sulfoxide. AePhe was successfully incorporated into superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) at the 133 and 149 sites by using the amber codon suppression method. The IR spectra of these sfGFP constructs indicated that the azide group at the 149 site was not fully solvated despite the location in sfGFP and the three‐atom linker between the azido group and the aromatic ring of AePhe. An X‐ray crystal structure of sfGFP‐149‐AePhe was solved at 1.45 Å resolution and provides an explanation for the IR data as the flexible linker adopts a conformation which partially buries the azide on the protein surface. Both sfGFP‐AePhe constructs efficiently undergo a bioorthogonal strain‐promoted click cycloaddition with a dibenzocyclooctyne derivative.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of NixCo(1‐x)F2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0) and Application in Lithium Ion Batteries.
Authors: Teng Yin Ting , Wei Fengxia , Yazami Rachid
Published: November 2015

Solid solutions of NixCo(1‐x)F2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0) are precipitated by addition of aq.
ChemInform Abstract: Li17Sb13S28: A New Lithium Ion Conductor and Addition to the Phase Diagram Li2S—Sb2S3.
Authors: Huber Sebastian , Pfitzner Arno
Published: November 2015

Li17Sb13S28 is prepared by solid‐state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of anhydrous Li2S and Sb2S3 (graphitized evacuated silica tubes, 773 K, 5 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Member of Ferrous Sulfates, FeSO4·2H2O with PtS Topology Showing Spin‐Canted Long‐Range Antiferromagnetic Ordering.
Authors: Zhao Long , Liu Wei , Cao Lixin , Su Ge , Gao Rongjie , Yang Hongzhan
Published: November 2015

The title compound is solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of iron(III) citrate, 1,6‐hexamethylenediamine, HF, H2SO4, BuOH, and H2O (autoclave, 423 K, 2 d), followed by addition of N2H4 and HF to the reaction mixture (autoclave, 423 K, 5 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Aerobic Oxidative Heck Reactions with Electronically Unbiased Alkenes: Efficient Access to α‐Alkyl Vinylarenes.
Authors: Zheng Changwu , Stahl Shannon S.
Published: November 2015

Branched‐selective oxidative Heck coupling reactions are developed between arylboronic acids (II) and electronically unbiased terminal olefins (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Photo‐Induced Metal‐Catalyst‐Free Aromatic Finkelstein Reaction.
Authors: Li Lu , Liu Wenbo , Zeng Huiying , Mu Xiaoyue , Cosa Gonzalo , Mi Zetian , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: November 2015

A photo‐induced halogen exchange in aryl or vinyl halides affording aryl or vinyl iodides under mild reaction conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Fluoroalkylamines.
Authors: Brusoe Andrew T. , Hartwig John F.
Published: November 2015

Fluorinated anilines are obtained by coupling of aryl halides with primary and secondary fluoroalkylamines using PhOK as weaker base, which is rarely used in cross‐coupling reactions to form C—N bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Amination of Aryl Methyl Ethers Mediated by Ti(NMe2)4 at Room Temperature.
Authors: Chen Zhou , Liu Jinna , Pei Hao , Liu Wei , Chen Yanmei , Wu Jian , Li Wu , Li Yahong
Published: November 2015

The title amination is directed by the aldimines formed between the ortho aldehyde groups and pyrrolylmethanamine.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Photooxidative Synthesis of Secondary Aldimines from Benzylamines by Using Methylene Blue.
Authors: Okada Akifumi , Yuasa Hiroki , Fujiya Akitoshi , Tada Norihiro , Miura Tsuyoshi , Itoh Akichika
Published: November 2015

A new method is presented for the oxidative coupling of benzylamines to give aldimines of type (II).
ChemInform Abstract: The Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of β‐Trifluoromethylated Acrylonitriles and Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted 2H‐Azirines
Authors: He Yu‐Tao , Wang Qiang , Zhao Jiahui , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Xu Peng‐Fei , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: November 2015

using a novel alkyne difunctionalization reaction
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl/Heteroaryl Pentafluorobenzenesulfonates (ArOPFBs): New Electrophilic Coupling Partners for Room Temperature Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Joseph Jayan T. , Sajith Ayyiliath M. , Ningegowda Revanna C. , Nagaraj Archana , Rangappa K. S. , Shashikanth Sheena
Published: November 2015

The coupling of pentafluorobenzenesulfonates and aryl boronic acids proceeds under mild conditions to give a wide range of biaryls including hindered ortho‐substituted derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Deep Eutectic Solvent Catalyzed Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Electron‐Rich Arenes with Aldehydes.
Authors: Wang Ailing , Xing Pengfei , Zheng Xueliang , Cao Hongyu , Yang Guang , Zheng Xuefang
Published: November 2015

Triarylmethanes and diarylalkanes are synthesized by the title method under mild reaction conditions in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Phenylnaphthalenes from Styrene Oxides Using a Recyclable Broensted Acidic [HNMP]+HSO4‐ Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Wagh Kishor V. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: November 2015

A simple metal‐ and solvent‐free protocol for the synthesis of 2‐arylnaphthalenes from styrene oxides using N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone hydrogensulfate both as catalyst and solvent is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Thiourea Catalyzed Asymmetric Mannich Reaction Using Trifluoromethyl Aldimine as Trifluoromethyl Building Blocks.
Authors: Ji Shilong , Alkhalil Ahmed Ebrahim , Su Yingpeng , Xia Xiaowen , Chong Siying , Wang Ke‐Hu , Huang Danfeng , Fu Ying , Hu Yulai
Published: November 2015

A bifunctional thiourea‐catalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction using trifluoromethyl aldimine as trifluoromethyl building block affords indanecarboxylates as diastereomeric mixtures (III), each of them with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Brine‐Stabilized 2,2,2‐Trifluorodiazoethane and Its Application in the Synthesis of CF3—Substituted Cyclopropane α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Zhu Chuan‐Le , Yang Li‐Jun , Li Shen , Zheng Yan , Ma Jun‐An
Published: November 2015

The title cyclopropanation of trisubstituted olefinic azlactones [e.g. (I)] gives the desired products [e.g. (III)] in good to high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective [4 + 2] and [3 + 2] Spiroannulations of 2‐(2‐Oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)acetic Esters Catalyzed by Bifunctional Thioureas.
Authors: Monari Magda , Montroni Elisa , Nitti Andrea , Lombardo Marco , Trombini Claudio , Quintavalla Arianna
Published: November 2015

The first asymmetric organocatalytic strategy enabling access to both five‐ and six‐membered ‐nitro‐spirocarboxylic oxindoles containing up to six consecutive stereogenic centers is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Cascade Reaction for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Novel Chroman‐Fused Spirooxindoles That Potently Inhibit Cancer Cell Proliferation.
Authors: Zhou Rui , Wu Qinjie , Guo Mingrui , Huang Wei , He Xianghong , Yang Lei , Peng Fu , He Gu , Han Bo
Published: November 2015

The tandem oxa—Michael—Michael reaction of 2‐nitrovinyl phenols (I) with enal (II) followed by reaction of intermediate chromanes with oxindoles (III) leads to chroman‐fused spirooxindoles (IV) with high enantioselectivities and good diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycine Catalyzed Diastereoselective Domino‐Synthesis of 6‐Imino‐2,7‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane‐4,4,5‐tricarbonitriles in Water.
Authors: Ershov O. V. , Ievlev M. Yu. , Tafeenko V. A. , Nasakin O. E.
Published: November 2015

The operationally simple cyclization of oxoalkane‐tetracarbonitriles with various aldehydes furnishes the corresponding title compounds in excellent yields and up to high diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of 3‐(Pyrrol‐1‐yl)thiophenes in Pd‐Catalyzed Direct Arylations.
Authors: Smari Imen , Youssef Chiraz , Ben Ammar Hamed , Ben Hassine Bechir , Soule Jean‐Francois , Doucet Henri
Published: November 2015

Arylation of substrate (I) with aryl bromides occurs exclusively at the thienyl ring to give the expected products (V) or related decarboxylated products depending on the reaction temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation and Aromatization of Strained Bicyclic Pyrazolidines via Tandem Reaction of Alkyl 2‐Aroyl‐1‐chlorocyclopropanecarboxylates with Acylhydrazones.
Authors: Huang Zhimei , Hu Junhao , Gong Yuefa
Published: November 2015

A novel aromatization process of the fused pyrazolines (III)/(IV) into 2,3,5‐trisubstituted pyrroles (V) via treatment with a HCl‐pyridine system is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes Using Ammonium Niobium Oxalate (ANO) as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst.
Authors: Mendes Samuel R. , Thurow Samuel , Penteado Filipe , da Silva Maite S. , Gariani Rogerio A. , Perin Gelson , Lenardao Eder J.
Published: November 2015

Two procedures are applied to the preparation of bisindolylmethanes in green solvents using ammonium niobium oxalate as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regioselective Formal Coupling Reaction Between C(sp2) and C(sp3): o‐Quinodimethane (o‐QDM)‐Mediated Domino Process for the Construction of 3‐(2‐Methylbenzyl)indole Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Miao , Wang Jungang , Xiang Jiachen , Wu Anxin
Published: November 2015

The facile protocol allows the synthesis of the title products from benz[c]oxepins and indoles via a ring‐opening/[1,5] H‐shift/Michael addition sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Substituted‐3H‐[1,3,4]‐oxadiazol‐2‐one Derivatives: A Carbon Dioxide Route (CDR).
Authors: Brahmayya M. , Dai Shenghong A. , Suen S.‐Y.
Published: November 2015

A simple synthetic route to 5‐substituted oxadiazolone derivatives (IV) (10 examples) via alkali‐mediated reaction of hydrazides with CO2 is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Trapping of Carbolithiation‐Derived Tertiary Benzylic α‐Lithio Piperidines with Carbon Electrophiles: Controlling the Formation of α‐Amino Quaternary and Vicinal Stereocenters.
Authors: Beng Timothy K. , Fox Nathan , Bassler Daniel P. , Alwali Amir , Sincavage Kayla , Silaire Ann Wens V.
Published: November 2015

The carbolithiation of 2‐aryl N‐Boc‐piperidines (I) followed by quenching with MeOH gives rise to 3‐alkylated trans‐products with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Diphosphonylation of Quinolines with H‐Phosphonates under Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Wei Donghui , Cui Xiuling , Zhang Duo , Wang Hui , Wu Yangjie
Published: November 2015

Electronic effects have no significant influence on the reaction while steric effects reduce yields remarkably.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Visible Driven Photocatalyst, Silver Phosphate: Performance, Understanding and Perspective
Authors: Martin David James , Liu Guigao , Moniz Savio J. A. , Bi Yingpu , Beale Andrew M. , Ye Jinhua , Tang Junwang
Published: November 2015

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonadditivity of Nanoparticle Interactions
Authors: Silvera Batista Carlos A. , Larson Ronald G. , Kotov Nicholas A.
Published: November 2015

Review: 145 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Covalent Multi‐component Systems of Polyoxometalates and Metal Complexes: Toward Multi‐functional Organic‐inorganic Hybrids in Molecular and Material Sciences
Authors: Santoni Marie‐Pierre , Hanan Garry S. , Hasenknopf Bernold
Published: November 2015

Review: 138 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic‐Inorganic Complex Mechanofluorochromic Materials
Authors: Zhang Xiqi , Wei Yen , Chi Zhenguo , Xu Jiarui
Published: November 2015

Review: 62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Boronate Affinity Materials for Separation and Molecular Recognition: Structure, Properties and Applications
Authors: Li Daojin , Chen Yang , Liu Zhen
Published: November 2015

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidative C—C Bond Formation Through C—H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Narayan Rishikesh , Matcha Kiran , Antonchick Andrey P.
Published: November 2015

Review: [important developments, representative examples, and discussions on the reaction mechanisms; 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Chiral Resolution, and Absolute Configuration of Functionalized Troeger′s Base Derivatives: Part 3
Authors: Jarzebski Andreas , Bannwarth Christoph , Tenten Christina , Benkhaeuser Christian , Schnakenburg Gregor , Grimme Stefan , Luetzen Arne
Published: November 2015

Review: [36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening Ring Closure Reactions with 3‐Substituted Chromones under Nucleophilic Conditions
Authors: Ibrahim Magdy A. , El‐Gohary Nasser M. , Said Sara
Published: November 2015

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Engineering Yeast for Pharmaceutical Protein Production
Authors: Fidan Ozkan , Zhan Jixun
Published: November 2015

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Current Trends and Future Prospects of Lipstatin: A Lipase Inhibitor and Pro‐Drug for Obesity.
Authors: Kumar Punit , Dubey Kashyap Kumar
Published: November 2015

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Transport Properties of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Field‐Effect Devices: Surface and Interface Effects
Authors: Schmidt Hennrik , Giustiniano Francesco , Eda Goki
Published: November 2015

Review: 212 refs.
The Role of Biomass in a Future World without Fossil Fuels
Authors: Henrich Edmund , Dahmen Nicolaus , Dinjus Eckhard , Sauer Jörg
Published: November 2015

The demand, production, supply and use of biomass in a future world after the depletion of fossil fuels is described. In a world without fossils, the limited biomass harvest is the only carbon source. Supply of food and feed has first priority. Demand, supply and use of biomass as the only carbon raw material for the production of a number of indispensable carbon products are analyzed. Bioenergy via combustion plays a significant, but not a decisive role, because the future energy mix is dominated by other renewables. Despite considerable uncertainties of the long‐term assessment, some clear hints for a reasonable further development of biomass technologies can be extracted.
VMBackup: an efficient framework for online virtual machine image backup and recovery
Authors: Zeng Lingfang , Xu Shijie , Wang Yang
Published: November 2015

Although deduplication can reduce data volume for backup, it pauses the running system for the purpose of data consistency. This problem becomes severe when the target data are Virtual Machine Image (VMI), the volume of which can scale up to several gigabytes. In this paper, we propose an online framework for VM image backup and recovery, called VMBackup, which comprises three major components: (1) Similarity Retrieval that indexes chunks' fingerprints by its segment id for fast identification, (2) one‐level File‐Index that efficiently tracks file id to its content chunks in a correct order, and (3) Adjacent Storage model that places adjacent chunks of an image in the same disk partition to maximize chunk locality. The experimental results show that (1) the images of one OS serial and the same custom can share high percentage of duplicated contents, (2) variable‐length chunk partitioning is superior to fixed‐length chunk partitioning for deduplication, and (3) VMBackup, in our environment, can provide 8M/s backup throughput and 9.5M/s recovery throughput, which are only 15% and 4% less than storage systems without deduplication. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid Polymer Electrolytes Based on Functionalized Tannic Acids from Natural Resources for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shim Jimin , Bae Ki Yoon , Kim Hee Joong , Lee Jin Hong , Kim Dong‐Gyun , Yoon Woo Young , Lee Jong‐Chan
Published: November 2015

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries are prepared by simple one‐pot polymerization induced by ultraviolet (UV) light using poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) as an ion‐conducting monomeric unit and tannic acid (TA)‐based crosslinking agent and plasticizer. The crosslinking agent and plasticizer based on natural resources are obtained from the reaction of TA with glycidyl methacrylate and glycidyl poly(ethylene glycol), respectively. Dimensionally stable free‐standing SPE having a large ionic conductivity of 5.6×10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature can be obtained by the polymerization of PEGMA into P(PEGMA) with a very small amount (0.1 wt %) of the crosslinking agent and 2.0 wt % of the plasticizer. The ionic conductivity value of SPE with a crosslinked structure is one order of magnitude larger than that of linear P(PEGMA) in the waxy state.
A case report of urothelial carcinoma with combined micropapillary and plasmacytoid morphology in the urinary bladder
Authors: Park Sanghui , Cho Min‐Sun , Kim Kwang Hyun
Published: November 2015

A case of combined micropapillary and plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the urinary bladder is presented for a 74‐year‐old male who was admitted to the hospital with gross hematuria and multifocal papillary bladder tumors. Abdominal computed tomography showed a large enhancing mass on the left lateral and anterior wall of the urinary bladder, which was highly suspicious for extravesicular extension and focal extension of the anterior lesion to the pubic bone. In voided urine, cancer cells were scattered as micropapillae or nests as well as single cells on the low power view. On a higher power view, micropapillae or nests were composed of pleomorphic, high grade tumor cells with an inverted nuclear arrangement and with acinar structures occasionally identified. Single cells were discohesive and large with a thick cytoplasm and eccentrically located nuclei. Histologically, the tumor from the resected bladder showed diffusely infiltrating micropapillae or nests with a surrounding halo and dense singly‐scattered plasmacytoid cells. Immunohistochemically, the cancer cells were positive for cytokeratin‐7 and cytokeratin‐20 but negative for S‐100, leukocyte common antigen, and vimentin. At the time of radical cystectomy, severe adhesions and peritoneal metastases were found and the surgery was discontinued. The patient received systemic chemotherapy, but died of bladder cancer 14 months after surgery. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:124–127. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cervical adenocarcinoma with stromal micropapillary pattern
Authors: Toyoda Shinji , Kita Tsunekazu , Sugiura Atsushi , Itani Yoshio , Okada Hiroshi , Nakamura Sachiko , Ohbayashi Chiho
Published: November 2015

Adenocarcinoma with a stromal micropapillary pattern (SMP) has been described in various organs, but not in the uterus. We encountered a case of uterine cervical carcinoma with SMP. A54‐year‐old Japanese woman was referred to the hospital with abnormal vaginal bleeding. The cervical cytodiagnosis was adenocarcinoma with features resembling serous adenocarcinoma. Cervical cytology showed many small clusters of tumor cells, present in up to two or three layers, composed of atypical cells with markedly increased nucleus: cytoplasm ratios. A radical hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed. Microscopically, the tumor was composed predominantly of adenocarcinoma with SMP. The outer surface of the SMP cell clusters showed membranous expression of mucin‐1 (MUC‐1). Many lymph node metastases were detected. The tumor was diagnosed as a cervical adenocarcinoma with SMP and coexistent squamous cell carcinoma in situ. The pathology was classified as T1b1N1M1, stage IVB. The patient underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and is without local recurrence or distant metastasis 48 months after the operation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of cervical adenocarcinoma with SMP. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:133–136. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analytical characterization of four new ortho‐methoxybenzylated amphetamine‐type designer drugs
Authors: Westphal Folker , Girreser Ulrich , Waldmüller Delia
Published: November 2015

In a seizure of German custom authorities four N‐(ortho‐methoxybenzyl)amines with amphetamine partial structure were obtained as pure compounds: N‐(ortho‐methoxybenzyl)‐3,4‐dimethoxyamphetamine (3,4‐DMA‐NBOMe (1)), N‐(ortho‐methoxybenzyl)‐4‐ethylamphetamine (4‐EA‐NBOMe (2)), N‐(ortho‐methoxybenzyl)‐4‐methylmethamphetamine (4‐MMA‐NBOMe (3)), and N‐(ortho‐methoxybenzyl)‐5‐(2‐aminopropyl)benzofuran (5‐APB‐NBOMe (4)). The compounds have been detected in Germany for the first time and no analytical data had been previously published. Mass spectrometric (MS), infrared (IR) spectroscopic, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic data are presented. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coronary thrombosis and marijuana smoking: a case report and narrative review of the literature
Authors: Marchetti Daniela , Spagnolo Angelico , De Matteis Valentino , Filograna Laura , De Giovanni Nadia
Published: November 2015

We encountered evidence of myocardial infarction due to coronary thrombosis in an autopsy of an occasional marijuana smoker. These findings prompted us to perform a narrative review of the literature to determine when post‐mortem toxicological tests may support a temporal relationship between marijuana smoking and cardiovascular disease. Toxicological examination showed the presence of Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, its main metabolite and cannabinol in blood and urine. Quali‐quantitative analysis revealed that Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol was taken within 2 h of the onset of cardiovascular symptoms, according to circumstantial data. Post‐mortem toxicological results must take into account the degradation and post‐mortem redistribution of analytes. However, for any inference about the specific cardiovascular triggering effect of Δ‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol intake, we maintain that cannabinoid analysis in blood samples must be considered an essential requirement to estimate the time of last intake and avoid incomplete documentation. The literature, combined with the present case report, highlights an association between marijuana use and negative cardiovascular events, although few authors have supported their conclusions with toxicological results. Thus, additional research is needed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a multi‐analyte LC‐MS/MS approach for quantification of neuroleptics in whole blood, plasma, and serum
Authors: Montenarh Deborah , Hopf Markus , Maurer Hans H. , Schmidt Peter , Ewald Andreas H.
Published: November 2015

Based on a similar approach for quantification of antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and z‐drugs, a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) multi‐analyte approach with simple liquid‐liquid extraction was extended for fast target screening and quantification of neuroleptics in whole blood, plasma, and serum. As this method is part of a multi‐analyte procedure for over 100 analytes from different drug classes and as the extracts were additionally used in the authors' laboratory for gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis, one universal stable‐isotope‐labelled internal standard (SIL‐IS) was used to save time and resource. The method was validated with respect to international guidelines. For accuracy and precision, full calibration was performed with ranges from subtherapeutic to toxic concentrations. Selectivity problems could not be observed, but matrix effects ranged from 68 to 211% in all samples. For the low quality control (QC), recovery ranged from 32 to 112%, process efficiency from 31 to 165% and for the high QC recovery from 42 to 141%, process efficiency from 29 to 154%. In addition statistical data evaluation of the variances of the recovery, matrix effects, and process efficiency data between whole blood vs. plasma, whole blood vs. serum, and plasma vs. serum were done. The presented LC‐MS/MS approach was applicable for selective detection of 33 neuroleptics as well as accurate and precise quantification of 25 neuroleptics in whole blood, 19 in plasma, and 17 in serum. More significant matrix effects (ME) for neuropletic drugs overall in plasma and serum as compared with whole blood were detected. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A systematic review of interventions on body image and disordered eating outcomes among women in midlife
Authors: Lewis‐Smith Helena , Diedrichs Phillippa C. , Rumsey Nichola , Harcourt Diana
Published: November 2015

Objective

Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating are widely recognized as issues that warrant attention among women in midlife, particularly the development and delivery of effective interventions. This article systematically reviews existing research on interventions among midlife women on body image and disordered eating outcomes, in order to inform intervention delivery and provide strategic directions for future research.

Method

Fourteen electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1992 and 2015 that evaluated interventions with nonclinical samples of women (M age 35–55 years) in controlled trials with at least one body image measure. Data were extracted and evaluated, and the methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias.

Results

From 7,475 records identified, nine articles evaluating 11 interventions met the inclusion criteria. Seven interventions significantly improved body image at post‐test (d's = 0.19–2.22), with significant improvements on disordered eating achieved by two of these interventions (d's = 0.90–1.72). Sustained improvements were achieved by three interventions that employed a multisession, therapeutically based, group intervention format; two with sustained body image and disordered eating improvements, and one with sustained body image improvements only (d's = 0.55–1.21; 2 weeks to 6 months). Methodological quality varied between studies.

Discussion

To date, three interventions have demonstrated sustained improvements and are indicated for practitioners aiming to improve body image and disordered eating among women in midlife. Replication and more rigorous randomised controlled trials are required to enhance the methodological quality of intervention studies in this field.
Voltammetric Determination of Pb, Cu and Hg in Biodiesel Using Gold Screen‐printed Electrode: Comparison of Batch‐injection Analysis with Conventional Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Tormin Thiago F. , Oliveira Gracy K. F. , Richter Eduardo M. , Munoz Rodrigo A. A.
Published: November 2015

This article compares the use of batch‐injection analysis (BIA) with a conventional batch system for the anodic stripping voltammetric (ASV) determination of Pb, Cu and Hg in biodiesel using screen‐printed gold electrode (SPGE). The optimized BIA conditions were 200 µL of injection volume of the digested samples at 5 µL s−1 directly on the working electrode of the SPGE immersed in 0.1 mol L−1 HCl solution. Therefore, BIA‐ASV presented the advantages of low sample consumption, which extended the SPGE lifetime to a whole working day of analyses, and potential for on‐site analysis using battery‐powered micropipettes and potentiostats. Although presenting lower sensitivity than conventional systems, the BIA‐ASV presented detection limit values of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.7 µg L−1, respectively for Pb, Cu and Hg, a linear range between 20 and 280 µg L−1, and adequate recovery values (90–110 %) for spiked biodiesel samples.