bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GPU Domain Specialization via Composable On-Package Architecture
Authors: Fu Yaosheng , Bolotin Evgeny , Chatterjee Niladrish , Nellans David , Keckler Stephen W.
Published: December 2021

As GPUs scale their low-precision matrix math throughput to boost deep learning (DL) performance, they upset the balance between math throughput and memory system capabilities. We demonstrate that a converged GPU design trying to address diverging architectural requirements between FP32 (or larger)-based HPC and FP16 (or smaller)-based DL workloads results in sub-optimal configurations for either of the application domains. We argue that a
C
omposable
O
n-
PA
ckage
GPU
(COPA-GPU) architecture to provide domain-specialized GPU products is the most practical solution to these diverging requirements. A COPA-GPU leverages multi-chip-module disaggregation to support maximal design reuse, along with memory system specialization per application domain. We show how a COPA-GPU enables DL-specialized products by modular augmentation of the baseline GPU architecture with up to 4× higher off-die bandwidth, 32× larger on-package cache, and 2.3× higher DRAM bandwidth and capacity, while conveniently supporting scaled-down HPC-oriented designs. This work explores the microarchitectural design necessary to enable composable GPUs and evaluates the benefits composability can provide to HPC, DL training, and DL inference. We show that when compared to a converged GPU design, a DL-optimized COPA-GPU featuring a combination of 16× larger cache capacity and 1.6× higher DRAM bandwidth scales per-GPU training and inference performance by 31% and 35%, respectively, and reduces the number of GPU instances by 50% in scale-out training scenarios.
Exchange markets
Authors: Brânzei Simina
Published: December 2021

The exchange market is a basic model of an economy, where agents bring resources that they own to the market in order to exchange them for other goods that they need. There is a rich literature on the equilibrium properties of such markets starting with the work of Arrow and Debreu. In this note we survey recent results on proportional response dynamics in exchange markets with linear utilities and suggest several directions for future work.
Probabilistic Model Checking and Autonomy
Authors: Kwiatkowska Marta , Norman Gethin , Parker David
Published: December 2021

The design and control of autonomous systems that operate in uncertain or adversarial environments can be facilitated by formal modeling and analysis. Probabilistic model checking is a technique to automatically verify, for a given temporal logic specification, that a system model satisfies the specification, as well as to synthesize an optimal strategy for its control. This method has recently been extended to multiagent systems that exhibit competitive or cooperative behavior modeled via stochastic games and synthesis of equilibria strategies. In this article, we provide an overview of probabilistic model checking, focusing on models supported by the PRISM and PRISM-games model checkers. This overview includes fully observable and partially observable Markov decision processes, as well as turn-based and concurrent stochastic games, together with associated probabilistic temporal logics. We demonstrate the applicability of the framework through illustrative examples from autonomous systems. Finally, we highlight research challenges and suggest directions for future work in this area.
Magnetic Micro- and Nanoagents for Monitoring Enzymatic Activity In Vivo
Authors: Christiansen Michael G. , Vizovišek Matej , Schuerle Simone
Published: December 2021

Enzymes are appealing diagnostic targets because of their centrality in human health and disease. Continuous efforts spanning several decades have yielded methods for magnetically detecting the interactions of enzymes with exogenous molecular substrates. Nevertheless, measuring enzymatic activity in vivo remains challenging due to background noise, insufficient selectivity, and overlapping enzymatic functions. Magnetic micro- and nanoagents are poised to help overcome these issues by offering possible advantages such as site-selective sampling, modular architectures, new forms of magnetic detection, and favorable biocompatibility. Here, we review relevant control and detection strategies and consider examples of magnetic enzyme detection demonstrated with micro- or nanorobotic systems. Most cases have focused on proteolytic enzymes, leaving ample opportunity to expand to other classes of enzymes. Enzyme-responsive magnetic micro- and nanoagents hold promise for lowering barriers of translation and enabling preemptive, point-of-care medical applications.
Observer Design for Nonlinear Systems with Equivariance
Authors: Mahony Robert , van Goor Pieter , Hamel Tarek
Published: December 2021

Equivariance is a common and natural property of many nonlinear control systems, especially those associated with models of mechatronic and navigation systems. Such systems admit a symmetry, associated with the equivariance, that provides structure enabling the design of robust and high-performance observers. A key insight is to pose the observer state to lie in the symmetry group rather than on the system state space. This allows one to define a global intrinsic equivariant error but poses a challenge in defining internal dynamics for the observer. By choosing an equivariant lift of the system dynamics for the observer internal model, we show that the error dynamics have a particularly nice form. Applying the methodology of extended Kalman filtering to the equivariant error state yields a filter we term the equivariant filter. The geometry of the state-space manifold appears naturally as a curvature modification to the classical Riccati equation for extended Kalman filtering. The equivariant filter exploits the symmetry and respects the geometry of an equivariant system model, and thus yields high-performance, robust filters for a wide range of mechatronic and navigation systems.
Risks and Opportunities to Ensure Equity in the Application of Big Data Research in Public Health
Authors: Wesson Paul , Hswen Yulin , Valdes Gilmer , Stojanovski Kristefer , Handley Margaret A.
Published: December 2021

The big data revolution presents an exciting frontier to expand public health research, broadening the scope of research and increasing the precision of answers. Despite these advances, scientists must be vigilant against also advancing potential harms toward marginalized communities. In this review, we provide examples in which big data applications have (unintentionally) perpetuated discriminatory practices, while also highlighting opportunities for big data applications to advance equity in public health. Here, big data is framed in the context of the five Vs (volume, velocity, veracity, variety, and value), and we propose a sixth V, virtuosity, which incorporates equity and justice frameworks. Analytic approaches to improving equity are presented using social computational big data, fairness in machine learning algorithms, medical claims data, and data augmentation as illustrations. Throughout, we emphasize the biasing influence of data absenteeism and positionality and conclude with recommendations for incorporating an equity lens into big data research.
Transient receptor potential cation channel 6 contributes to kidney injury induced by diabetes and hypertension
Authors: Wang Zhen , Fu Yiling , do Carmo Jussara M. , da Silva Alexandre A. , Li Xuan , Mouton Alan , Omoto Ana Carolina M. , Sears Jaylan , Hall John E.
Published: December 2021

A major new finding of this study is that the combination of moderate diabetes and hypertension promoted marked renal dysfunction, albuminuria, and apoptotic cell injury, and that these effects were greatly ameliorated by transient receptor potential cation channel 6 deficiency. These results suggest that transient receptor potential cation channel 6 may play an important role in contributing to the interaction of diabetes and hypertension to promote kidney injury.
Different Data Mining Approaches Based Medical Text Data
Authors: Xiao Wenke , Jing Lijia , Xu Yaxin , Zheng Shichao , Gan Yanxiong , Wen Chuanbiao
Published: December 2021

The amount of medical text data is increasing dramatically. Medical text data record the progress of medicine and imply a large amount of medical knowledge. As a natural language, they are characterized by semistructured, high-dimensional, high data volume semantics and cannot participate in arithmetic operations. Therefore, how to extract useful knowledge or information from the total available data is very important task. Using various techniques of data mining can extract valuable knowledge or information from data. In the current study, we reviewed different approaches to apply for medical text data mining. The advantages and shortcomings for each technique compared to different processes of medical text data were analyzed. We also explored the applications of algorithms for providing insights to the users and enabling them to use the resources for the specific challenges in medical text data. Further, the main challenges in medical text data mining were discussed. Findings of this paper are benefit for helping the researchers to choose the reasonable techniques for mining medical text data and presenting the main challenges to them in medical text data mining.
Shared Molecular Mechanisms between Atherosclerosis and Periodontitis by Analyzing the Transcriptomic Alterations of Peripheral Blood Monocytes
Authors: Ning Wanchen , Ma Yihong , Li Simin , Wang Xin , Pan Hongying , Wei Chenxuan , Zhang Shaochuan , Bai Dongying , Liu Xiangqiong , Deng Yupei , Acharya Aneesha , Pelekos George , Savkovic Vuk , Li Hanluo , Gaus Sebastian , Haak Rainer , Schmalz Gerhard , Ziebolz Dirk , Ma Yanbo , Xu Yuzhen
Published: December 2021

Objective. This study investigated the nature of shared transcriptomic alterations in PBMs from periodontitis and atherosclerosis to unravel molecular mechanisms underpinning their association. Methods. Gene expression data from PBMs from patients with periodontitis and those with atherosclerosis were each downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in periodontitis and atherosclerosis were identified through differential gene expression analysis. The disease-related known genes related to periodontitis and atherosclerosis each were downloaded from the DisGeNET database. A Venn diagram was constructed to identify crosstalk genes from four categories: DEGs expressed in periodontitis, periodontitis-related known genes, DEGs expressed in atherosclerosis, and atherosclerosis-related known genes. A weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify significant coexpression modules, and then, coexpressed gene interaction networks belonging to each significant module were constructed to identify the core crosstalk genes. Results. Functional enrichment analysis of significant modules obtained by WGCNA analysis showed that several pathways might play the critical crosstalk role in linking both diseases, including bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, platelet activation, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) signaling. By constructing the gene interaction network of significant modules, the core crosstalk genes in each module were identified and included: for GSE23746 dataset, RASGRP2 in the blue module and VAMP7 and SNX3 in the green module, as well as HMGB1 and SUMO1 in the turquoise module were identified; for GSE61490 dataset, SEC61G, PSMB2, SELPLG, and FIBP in the turquoise module were identified. Conclusion. Exploration of available transcriptomic datasets revealed core crosstalk genes (RASGRP2, VAMP7, SNX3, HMGB1, SUMO1, SEC61G, PSMB2, SELPLG, and FIBP) and significant pathways (bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, platelet activation, and MAPK signaling) as top candidate molecular linkage mechanisms between atherosclerosis and periodontitis.
Octaband WWAN/LTE Dual-Antenna System Decoupled by Two Neutralization Lines with Inductors for Smart Phones
Authors: Wang Yan , Du Zhengwei
Published: December 2021

A decoupled octaband WWAN/LTE dual-antenna system occupying a size of 80 mm × 15 mm × 6.8 mm for smart phones is proposed. The proposed antenna system consists of two antenna elements with symmetrical geometry, two neutralization lines (NLs) with embedded inductor, and an inverted-T branch. The two NLs mainly reduce the mutual coupling at the desired lower (704–960 MHz) frequency band, while the inverted-T branch mainly reduces the mutual coupling at the desired higher (1710–2690 MHz) frequency band. The fabricated prototype has a −6 dB impedance bandwidth of 0.3 GHz (0.69–0.99 GHz) and 1.2 GHz (1.66–2.86 GHz) which cover the LTE700, GSM850, GSM900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, LTE2300, and LTE2500 bands. Within these bands, the measured mutual couplings are lower than −10 dB. The measured antenna efficiencies are about 42.6%–60% and 58.3%–78.7% at the desired lower and higher frequency bands, respectively. The diversity performance and the SAR performance are also evaluated.
circHUWE1 Exerts an Oncogenic Role in Inducing DDP-Resistant NSCLC Progression Depending on the Regulation of miR-34a-5p/TNFAIP8
Authors: Yang Xueliang , Sun Quan , Song Yongming , Li Wenli
Published: December 2021

Background. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are reported as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and play key roles in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. Thus, this study was aimed at clarifying underlying molecular mechanisms of circHUWE1 in NSCLC. Methods. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analyses were used for examining circHUWE1, microRNA-34a-5p (miR-34a-5p), and tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8). IC50 of cisplatin (DDP) in A549/DDP and H1299/DDP cells and cell viability were analyzed by the Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay. Colony forming assay was performed to assess colony forming ability. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were determined by flow cytometry. Migrated and invaded cell numbers were examined by transwell assay. The association among circHUWE1, miR-34a-5p, and TNFAIP8 was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. A xenograft experiment was applied to clarify the functional role of circHUWE1 in vivo. Results. circHUWE1 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, especially in DDP-resistant groups. circHUWE1 downregulation inhibited DDP resistance, proliferation, migration, and invasion while it induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of DDP-resistant NSCLC cells, which was overturned by silencing of miR-34a-5p. TNFAIP8 was a functional gene of miR-34a-5p, and the suppressive effects of miR-34a-5p overexpression on DDP-resistant NSCLC progression were dependent on the suppression of TNFAIP8. circHUWE1 inhibition also delayed tumor growth of DDP-resistant NSCLC cells. Conclusion. circHUWE1 functioned as a promoter in DDP-resistant NSCLC by interaction with miR-34a-5p-TNFAIP8 networks, providing novel insight into DDP-resistant NSCLC diagnosis and treatment.
ImprovedQ‐Learning Method for Multirobot Formation and Path Planning with Concave Obstacles
Authors: Fan Zhilin , Liu Fei , Ning Xinshun , Han Yilin , Wang Jian , Yang Hongyong , Liu Li
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the formation and path planning of multirobot systems in an unknown environment, a path planning method for multirobot formation based on improvedQ‐learning is proposed. Based on the leader‐following approach, the leader robot uses an improvedQ‐learning algorithm to plan the path and the follower robot achieves a tracking strategy of gravitational potential field (GPF) by designing a cost function to select actions. Specifically, to improve the Q‐learning,Q‐value is initialized by environmental guidance of the target’s GPF. Then, the virtual obstacle‐filling avoidance strategy is presented to fill non‐obstacles which is judged to tend to concave obstacles with virtual obstacles. Besides, the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm whose controlling temperature is adjusted in real time according to the learning situation of theQ‐learning is applied to improve the action selection strategy. The experimental results show that the improvedQ‐learning algorithm reduces the convergence time by 89.9% and the number of convergence rounds by 63.4% compared with the traditional algorithm. With the help of the method, multiple robots have a clear division of labor and quickly plan a globally optimized formation path in a completely unknown environment.
Enhancement of Patient Facial Recognition through Deep Learning Algorithm: ConvNet
Authors: Onyema Edeh Michael , Shukla Piyush Kumar , Dalal Surjeet , Mathur Mayuri Neeraj , Zakariah Mohammed , Tiwari Basant
Published: December 2021

The use of machine learning algorithms for facial expression recognition and patient monitoring is a growing area of research interest. In this study, we present a technique for facial expression recognition based on deep learning algorithm: convolutional neural network (ConvNet). Data were collected from the FER2013 dataset that contains samples of seven universal facial expressions for training. The results show that the presented technique improves facial expression recognition accuracy without encoding several layers of CNN that lead to a computationally costly model. This study proffers solutions to the issues of high computational cost due to the implementation of facial expression recognition by providing a model close to the accuracy of the state-of-the-art model. The study concludes that deep l\earning-enabled facial expression recognition techniques enhance accuracy, better facial recognition, and interpretation of facial expressions and features that promote efficiency and prediction in the health sector.
Fast and Accurate Numerical Solution of Allen–Cahn Equation
Authors: Kim Yongho , Ryu Gilnam , Choi Yongho
Published: December 2021

Simulation speed depends on code structures. Hence, it is crucial how to build a fast algorithm. We solve the Allen–Cahn equation by an explicit finite difference method, so it requires grid calculations implemented by many for-loops in the simulation code. In terms of programming, many for-loops make the simulation speed slow. We propose a model architecture containing a pad and a convolution operation on the Allen–Cahn equation for fast computation while maintaining accuracy. Also, the GPU operation is used to boost up the speed more. In this way, the simulation of other differential equations can be improved. In this paper, various numerical simulations are conducted to confirm that the Allen–Cahn equation follows motion by mean curvature and phase separation in two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces. Finally, we demonstrate that our algorithm is much faster than an unoptimized code and the CPU operation.
Blood-Brain Barrier Overview: Structural and Functional Correlation
Authors: Alahmari Abeer
Published: December 2021

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable and extremely selective system in the central nervous system of most vertebrates, that separates blood from the brain’s extracellular fluid. It plays a vital role in regulating the transport of necessary materials for brain function, furthermore, protecting it from foreign substances in the blood that could damage it. In this review, we searched in Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Saudi Digital Library for the various cells and components that support the development and function of this barrier, as well as the different pathways to transport the various molecules between blood and the brain. We also discussed the aspects that lead to BBB dysfunction and its neuropathological consequences, with the identification of some of the most important biomarkers that might be used as a biomarker to predict the BBB disturbances. This comprehensive overview of BBB will pave the way for future studies to focus on developing more specific targeting systems in material delivery as a future approach that assists in combinatorial therapy or nanotherapy to destroy or modify this barrier in pathological conditions such as brain tumors and brain stem cell carcinomas.
Plant-Derived Chinese Medicine Monomers on Ovarian Cancer via the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway: Review of Mechanisms and Prospects
Authors: Xu Jia-Yue , Liu Fang-Yuan , Liu Shao-Xuan , Xie Liang-Zhen , Li Jia , Ma Yu-Ting , Han Feng-Juan
Published: December 2021

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common malignant tumor of the female reproductive system and has a high morbidity and mortality rate. The progression and metastasis of OC are complex and involve multiple signaling pathways. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is closely related to OC, and therefore blocking the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling directly or inhibiting related genes, and molecular targets is of great value in treating OC. Toxicities such as myelotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, genotoxicity, and vasospasm are the major side effects for common anticancer drugs and are well documented. There is, therefore, a need to develop new, effective, safer, and more affordable anticancer drugs from alternative sources. In recent years, plant-derived Chinese medicine monomers have drawn increasing attention due to their high safety, low toxicity, minimal side effects, and antitumor effects. Plant-derived Chinese medicine monomers are effective against multiple targets and can regulate the growth, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of OC as well as reverse drug resistance by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this review, we summarize and provide mechanisms and prospects for the use of plant-derived Chinese medicines for the prevention and treatment of OC.
Research on the Improved CNN Deep Learning Method for Motion Intention Recognition of Dynamic Lower Limb Prosthesis
Authors: Wang Qiulin
Published: December 2021

Objective. In order to study the motion recognition intention of lower limb prosthesis based on the CNN deep learning algorithm. Methods. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was established to reconstruct the motion pattern. Before the movement mode of the affected side was converted, the sensor was bound to the healthy side. The classifier was employed to extract and classify the features, so as to realize the accurate description of the movement intention of the disabled. Results. The method proposed in this research can achieve 98.2% recognition rate of the movement intention of patients with lower limb amputation under different terrains, and the recognition rate can reach 97% after the pattern converted between the five modes was added. Conclusion. The deep learning algorithm that automatically recognized and extracted features can effectively improve the control performance on the intelligent lower limb prosthesis and realize the natural and seamless conversion of the intelligent prosthesis in a variety of motion modes.
Antioxidative and Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ZS62 on Alcohol‐Induced Subacute Hepatic Damage
Authors: Gan Yi , Chen Xiufeng , Yi Ruokun , Zhao Xin
Published: December 2021

Lactobacillus plantarum ZS62 is a newly isolated strain from naturally fermented yogurt that might offer some beneficial effects in the setting of alcohol‐induced subacute liver injury. The liver‐protective effect of L. plantarum ZS62 was investigated by gavage feeding of mice with this Lactobacillus strain (1 × 109 CFU/kg BW) before alcohol administration daily for 7 days. We then compared hepatic morphology, liver function indexes, liver lipid levels, inflammation, oxidative stress levels, and mRNA expression of oxidative metabolism‐ and inflammation‐related genes in mice that had been pretreated with Lactobacillus plantarum versus control mice that had not been pretreated. Our results showed that L. plantarum ZS62 attenuated alcohol‐induced weight loss; prevented morphological changes in hepatocytes; reduced markers of liver damage including aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), hyaluronidase (HAase), precollagen III (PC III), and inflammatory cytokines; and enhanced the antioxidative status. L. plantarum ZS62 also significantly downregulated inflammation‐related genes and upregulated lipid‐ and oxidative‐metabolism genes. Thus, Lactobacillus plantarum pretreatment appears to confer hepatic protection by reducing inflammation and enhancing antioxidative capacity. The protective effect of L. plantarum ZS62 was even better than that of a commonly used commercial lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus). The L. plantarum ZS62 might be a potentially beneficial prophylactic treatment for people who frequently drink alcoholic beverages.
Transcriptome Analysis of Large to Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus Reveals Cell Cycle Arrest and Immune Evasion: Identifying Potential Targets for Treatment
Authors: Wei Boxuan , Gu Jieyu , Duan Ran , Gao Bowen , Wu Min , Zhou Shengliang , Huang Xiaolu , Xie Feng
Published: December 2021

Large to giant congenital melanocytic nevus (lgCMN) is a benign cutaneous tumor that develops during embryogenesis. A large number of lgCMN patients are ineligible for surgical treatment; hence, there is an urgent need to develop pharmacological treatments. Clinically, tumorigenesis and progression essentially halt after birth, resulting in the homeostasis of growth arrest and survival. Numerous studies have employed whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing to clarify the etiology of lgCMN; however, transcriptome sequencing of lgCMN is still lacking. Through comprehensive transcriptome analysis, this study elucidated the ongoing regulation and homeostasis of lgCMN and identified potential targets for treatment. Transcriptome sequencing, identification of differentially expressed genes and hub genes, protein–protein network construction, functional enrichment, pathway analysis, and gene annotations were performed in this study. Immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR, immunocytofluorescence, and cell cycle assays were employed for further validation. The results revealed several intriguing phenomena in lgCMN, including P16-induced cell cycle arrest, antiapoptotic activity, and immune evasion caused by malfunction of tumor antigen processing. The arrested cell cycle in lgCMN is consistent with its phenotype and rare malignant transformation. Antiapoptotic activity and immune evasion might explain how such heterogeneous cells have avoided elimination. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-mediated tumor antigen processing was the hub pathway that was significantly downregulated in lgCMN, and ITCH, FBXW7, HECW2, and WWP1 were identified as candidate hub genes. In conclusion, our research provides new perspectives for immunotherapy and targeted therapy.
An Exploration and Technical Notes for Advanced Airway Management on the Ski Slope: A Simulation Experiment
Authors: Bai Peng , Xia Tian , Yang Zhongwei , Huai Wei , Guo Xiangyang , Zhou Fang
Published: December 2021

Background. Skiing is a high-risk winter sport, and the rate of injury fatality is the highest compared to other winter sports. During skiing rescue, the harsh natural environments will increase the difficulty of artificial airway establishment. There has been no research focusing on the establishment of the artificial airway during skiing rescue site. This study aims to simulate the real-world scenario, calculating and comparing the operation time of different artificial airways on the cold slope, and to explore the optimal method of establishing artificial airway on the cold slope, sharing our experience, technical notes, and pitfalls we encountered, hoping to help establish a standard operating procedure in advanced airway management on the ski slope. Methods. The simulated human was placed on the cold slope with the head under the feet. Artificial airway was established by the same anesthesiologist using endotracheal intubation (endotracheal intubation group), LMA Supreme laryngeal mask (LMA group), and I-gel laryngeal mask (I-gel group). Each method was repeated 5 times, and the operation time and whether it was successful by one attempt were recorded and compared between groups. Results. Three groups of artificial airway were successful by one attempt.. The bite block dropped and drifted away for one time in the endotracheal intubation group. Operation time is 209.2 ± 32.7 seconds in the endotracheal intubation group, 72.2 ± 3.1 seconds in the LMA group, and 52.6 ± 4.2 seconds in the I-gel group. ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference in the operation time among the three groups (

p
<
0.001

). Tukey’s post hoc test showed that there were statistically significant differences between the endotracheal intubation group and the other two groups in operation time,

p
<
0.001

, while there was no significant difference between the LMA group and I-gel group (

p
=
0.275

). Conclusion. The artificial airway can be completed by endotracheal intubation and LMA and I-gel laryngeal mask insertion on the cold slope. Artificial airway with the I-gel laryngeal mask takes the shortest time in this study. Extra caution should be paid to slippery and drifting.
Forecasting Foreign Direct Investment Inflow to Egypt and Determinates: Using Machine Learning Algorithms and ARIMA Model
Authors: Abd El-Aal Mohamed F. , Algarni Ali , Fayomi Aisha , Abdul Rahman RAahayu , Alrashidi Khudir
Published: December 2021

This study aims to determine the primary determination of FDI inflow to Egypt using machine learning algorithms and the ARIMA model and get an accurate prediction of FDI inflow to Egypt during the current decade (2020–2030) and approved that the gradient boosting model is the most accurate algorithms. Also, we find stability in economic indicators in Egypt during the current decade using the ARIMA model. The last step approved that the primary determinant of FDI inflow to Egypt is the Human Development Index, followed by population size, gross domestic product per capita, lending rate, and gross domestic product value.
Scale for Space and Time Experience in Psychosis: Converging Phenomenological and Psychopathological Perspectives
Authors: Arantes-Gonçalves Filipe , Wolman Angelika , Bastos-Leite António J. , Northoff Georg
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Abnormalities in the experience of space and time are fundamental to understanding schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but the precise relation between such abnormalities and psychopathological symptoms is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of our study was to introduce a novel scale for space and time experience in psychosis (STEP), specifically devised to assess schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Methods: The STEP scale is a semiquantitative instrument developed on the basis of several items from previous scales and phenomenological reports addressing the experience of space and time. We applied the STEP scale to three groups of subjects (patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, patients with predominant affective symptoms, and healthy control subjects), to whom we also applied other more general psychopathological scales, such as the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Ego-Psychopathology Inventory. Results: Patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders scored significantly higher on general psychopatho­-logical scales relative to subjects belonging to the other groups. The STEP scale provided good psychometric properties regarding reliability. We also tested convergent and divergent validity of the STEP scale and found that space and time subscale scores of STEP significantly correlated with each other, as well as with the remaining general psychopathological scores. Discussion/Conclusion: We introduced the STEP scale as a novel instrument for the assessment of experience of space and time. Its psychometric properties showed high validity and reliability to identify psychopathological symptoms and enabled to differentiate patients with predominantly psychotic symptoms from those with predominantly affective symptoms. The STEP scale provides a standardized measure for assessing disturbances in the experience of space and time. Furthermore, it probably represents a leap forward toward the establishment of an additional dimension of symptoms proposed as “spatiotemporal psychopathology.”
Psychobiological Correlates of Aggression in Female Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Cavelti Marialuisa , Rinnewitz Lena , Walter Moritz , van der Venne Patrice , Parzer Peter , Josi Johannes , Bertsch Katja , Brunner Romuald , Resch Franz , Koenig Julian , Kaess Michael
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Aggressive behavior in reaction to threats, frustration, or provocation is prevalent in borderline personality disorder (BPD). This study investigated aggressive behavior and its biological correlates in adolescents with BPD. Methods: Twenty-one female adolescents with a DSM-IV BPD diagnosis and 25 sex- and age-matched healthy controls participated in the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP), a laboratory-based experiment measuring aggressive behavior in the interpersonal context. Heart rate was measured and saliva samples were taken throughout the experiment. Results: Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analyses revealed no significant group difference in aggressive behavior induced by the TAP. Additionally, the two groups did not differ in cortisol, testosterone, and heart rate responses to the aggression induction. The BPD group showed a significant cortisol increase in the time preceding the start of the TAP in contrast to the healthy control group, in whom a significant heart rate increase from baseline to the first block of the TAP was observed. Discussion: There was no evidence, either at the phenomenological or the biological level, of increased task-induced aggression in adolescents with BPD. The results may indicate that adolescents with BPD experienced fearful stress in anticipation of the experimental task in contrast to healthy controls who showed an adaptive response of the autonomic nervous system necessary to deal with the upcoming demand.
Cytology Reporting System for Lung Cancer from the Japan Lung Cancer Society and the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology: An Extensive Study Containing More Benign Lesions
Authors: Yoshizawa Akihiko , Hiroshima Kenzo , Takenaka Akemi , Haba Reiji , Kawahara Kunimitsu , Minami Yuko , Kakinuma Hirokuni , Shibuki Yasuo , Miyake Shinji , Kajio Kenta , Kiyonaga Kana , Nagatomo Moe , Nishimura Sanako , Mano Masayuki , Matsubayashi Jun , Motoi Noriko , Nagao Toshitaka , Nakatsuka Shin-ichi , Yoshida Tsutomu , Satoh Yukitoshi
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The Japan Lung Cancer Society (JLCS) and the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology (JSCC) have proposed a new four-tiered cytology reporting system for lung carcinoma (JLCS-JSCC system). Prior to the proposal, the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (PSC) had proposed a revised reporting system (PSC system), which comprises the “neoplastic, benign neoplasm, and low-grade carcinoma” category (N-B-LG category), in addition to the 4 categories of the JLCS-JSCC system. This study aimed to evaluate the interobserver agreement of the JLCS-JSCC system with an additional dataset with more benign lesions in comparison with the PSC system. Methods: We analyzed 167 cytological samples, which included 17 benign lesions, obtained from the respiratory system. Seven observers classified these cases into each category by reviewing one Papanicolaou-stained slide per case according to the JLCS-JSCC system and PSC system. Results: The interobserver agreement was moderate in the JLCS-JSCC (k = 0.499) and PSC (k = 0.485) systems. Of the 167 samples, 17 samples were benign lesions: 7 pulmonary hamartomas, 5 sclerosing pneumocytomas, 2 squamous papillomas, one solitary fibrous tumor, one meningioma, and one lymphocytic proliferation. There were diverse sample types as follows: 11 touch smears, 3 brushing smears, 2 aspirations, and one sputum sample. Fourteen samples (82.3%) were categorized into “negative” or “atypical” by more than half of the observers in the JLCS-JSCC system. Conversely, 3 samples were categorized as “suspicious” or “malignant” by more than half of the observers in the JLCS-JSCC system. On the other hand, 11 samples (64.7%) were categorized into the N-B-LG category by more than half of the observers in the PSC system. Conclusions: The concordance rate in the JLCS-JSCC system was slightly higher than that in the PSC system; however, the interobserver agreement was moderate in both the JLCS-JSCC and PSC systems. These results indicate that both the JLCS-JSCC and PSC systems are clinically useful. Therefore, both systems are expected to have clinical applications. It may be important to integrate the 2 systems and construct a universal system that can be used more widely in clinical practice.
Shared Decision Making in Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures and Arrhythmia Management
Authors: Chung Mina K. , Fagerlin Angela , Wang Paul J. , Ajayi Tinuola B. , Allen Larry A. , Baykaner Tina , Benjamin Emelia J. , Branda Megan , Cavanaugh Kerri L. , Chen Lin Y. , Crossley George H. , Delaney Rebecca K. , Eckhardt Lee L. , Grady Kathleen L. , Hargraves Ian G. , True Hills Mellanie , Kalscheur Matthew M. , Kramer Daniel B. , Kunneman Marleen , Lampert Rachel , Langford Aisha T. , Lewis Krystina B. , Lu Ying , Mandrola John M. , Martinez Kathryn , Matlock Daniel D. , McCarthy Sarah R. , Montori Victor M. , Noseworthy Peter A. , Orland Kate M. , Ozanne Elissa , Passman Rod , Pundi Krishna , Roden Dan M. , Saarel Elizabeth V. , Schmidt Monika M. , Sears Samuel F. , Stacey Dawn , Stafford Randall S. , Steinberg Benjamin A. , Youn Wass Sojin , Wright Jennifer M.
Published: December 2021

Shared decision making (SDM) has been advocated to improve patient care, patient decision acceptance, patient-provider communication, patient motivation, adherence, and patient reported outcomes. Documentation of SDM is endorsed in several society guidelines and is a condition of reimbursement for selected cardiovascular and cardiac arrhythmia procedures. However, many clinicians argue that SDM already occurs with clinical encounter discussions or the process of obtaining informed consent and note the additional imposed workload of using and documenting decision aids without validated tools or evidence that they improve clinical outcomes. In reality, SDM is a process and can be done without decision tools, although the process may be variable. Also, SDM advocates counter that the low-risk process of SDM need not be held to the high bar of demonstrating clinical benefit and that increasing the quality of decision making should be sufficient. Our review leverages a multidisciplinary group of experts in cardiology, cardiac electrophysiology, epidemiology, and SDM, as well as a patient advocate. Our goal is to examine and assess SDM methodology, tools, and available evidence on outcomes in patients with heart rhythm disorders to help determine the value of SDM, assess its possible impact on electrophysiological procedures and cardiac arrhythmia management, better inform regulatory requirements, and identify gaps in knowledge and future needs.
Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage: Prevalence, Correlates, and Prognosis in the Community
Authors: Vasan Ramachandran S. , Song Rebecca J. , Xanthakis Vanessa , Beiser Alexa , DeCarli Charles , Mitchell Gary F. , Seshadri Sudha
Published: December 2021

Background:

Guidelines emphasize screening people with elevated BP for the presence of end-organ damage.

Methods:

We characterized the prevalence, correlates, and prognosis of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) in the community-based Framingham Study. 7898 participants (mean age 51.6 years, 54% women) underwent assessment for the following HMOD: electrocardiographic and echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal brain imaging findings consistent with vascular injury, increased carotid intima-media thickness, elevated carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, reduced kidney function, microalbuminuria, and low ankle-brachial index. We characterized HMOD prevalence according to blood pressure (BP) categories defined by four international BP guidelines. Participants were followed up for incidence of cardiovascular disease.

Results:

The prevalence of HMOD varied positively with systolic BP and pulse pressure but negatively with diastolic BP; it increased with age, was similar in both sexes, and varied across BP guidelines based on their thresholds defining hypertension. Among participants with hypertension, elevated carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was the most prevalent HMOD (40%–60%), whereas low ankle-brachial index was the least prevalent (<5%). Left ventricular hypertrophy, reduced kidney function, microalbuminuria, increased carotid intima-media thickness, and abnormal brain imaging findings had an intermediate prevalence (20%–40%). HMOD frequently clustered within individuals. On follow-up (median, 14.1 years), there were 384 cardiovascular disease events among 5865 participants with concurrent assessment of left ventricular mass, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, kidney function, and microalbuminuria. For every BP category above optimal (referent group), the presence of HMOD increased cardiovascular disease risk compared with its absence.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of HMOD varies across international BP guidelines based on their different thresholds for defining hypertension. The presence of HMOD confers incremental prognostic information regarding cardiovascular disease risk at every BP category.
Relativized Locality: Phases and Tiers in Long-Distance Allomorphy in Armenian
Authors: Dolatian Hossep , Guekguezian Peter
Published: December 2021

Linguistic processes tend to respect locality constraints. In this article, we analyze the distribution of conjugation classes in Armenian verbs. We analyze a type of tense allomorphy that applies across these classes. We show that on the surface, this allomorphy is long-distance. Specifically, it is sensitive to the interaction of multiple morphemes that are neither linearly nor structurally adjacent. However, we argue that this allomorphy respects “relativized adjacency” (Toosarvandani 2016) or tier-based locality (Aksënova, Graf, and Moradi 2016). While not surface-local, the interaction in Armenian verbs is local on a tier projected from morphological features. This formal property of tier-based locality is substantively manifested as phase-based locality in Armenian (cf. Marvin 2002). In addition to being well-studied computationally, tier-based locality allows us to capture superficially nonlocal morphological processes while respecting the crosslinguistic tendency of locality. We speculate that tier-based locality is a crosslinguistic tendency in long-distance allomorphy, while phase-based locality is not necessarily so.
The Marathi Kaulnāmā: Property, Sovereignty and Documentation in a Persianate Form
Authors: Deshpande Prachi
Published: December 2021

Kaulnāmās were ubiquitous in early modern Marathi bureaucratic documentation. They were issued as deeds of assurance offering protection and confirming various rights, especially during warfare or invasion. Such documents were issued at different levels of the administrative hierarchy in the Adilshahi and Maratha administrations to prevent flight from troubled areas, extend cultivation, and encourage commerce. They also recorded grants of waste land to cultivators on graduated rates of taxation, or to merchants for developing market towns. This paper historicizes the kaulnāmā form from the seventeenth through the early nineteenth centuries, exploring the kinds of transactions of power, sovereignty and property it was part of. Through this focus on the trajectory of particular documentary forms, it reflects on the nature of the Persianate within Marathi bureaucratic practices, and the history of the Marathi language more broadly.
The Scholarship on Spanish Mystical Literature
Authors: Hernández Gloria Maité
Published: December 2021

An engaging critical review is offered of scholarly works on Spanish mystical literature during the twentieth and early twenty-first century in Europe and the Americas. Bringing together for the first time an ample variety of sources, and letting the scholars’ own voices be heard, this study asks how their writings were influenced by their particular notions about mysticism and Spain’s relationship with the Orient. A thematic survey like this one illustrates how ideas are created and re-created throughout time, resulting in the production of a more diverse scholarship. Readers will be enriched with a renewed sense of disciplinary awareness.
Unity through Education
Authors: Mukharji Aroop
Published: December 2021

The last four years have not only witnessed the largest domestic protests in U.S. history, but the steady polarization of U.S. politics has been a widening trend for decades. Policymakers eager to heal the country can learn from history. The Progressive Era offers one big idea to reduce division: public education. A robust educational system undergirds progress, stability, and unity, and it enables follow-on opportunities of social reform and equality. The Progressive Era’s laudable expansion of public education also, however, reversed progress on racial equality and neglected to resolve an inflammatory media, mistakes that have contributed to today’s division. Learning from the successes and failures of one of the most ambitious Progressive Era programs presents the United States with one path forward to solving its internal turmoil.
Applied History
Authors: Kaal Harm , van Lottum Jelle
Published: December 2021

The past few years, the field of applied history has witnessed the publication of several manifestoes, the establishment of dedicated research centers, and the foundation of an academic journal. Conceptual discussions about the notion of applied history and the very fact that the methods and techniques of applied history are now part of the discipline of history provide further evidence of the field’s maturity. By offering an historiographical overview tracing the roots of applied history, this article will show that both discussions about the contemporary relevance and application of historical thinking, and the actual application of history to current events, possess a long history: applied history has been part and parcel of history writing since ancient times. Moreover, the article offers a discussion of recent debates about the concept and methods of applied history and concludes by mapping the trends that are shaping its current development.
The Liberation of non-Muslim Women and Children in Turkey
Authors: Semerdjian Elyse
Published: December 2021

Zabel Essayan’s incisive report, “The Liberation of non-Muslim Women and Children in Turkey” (1919), documents how the Ottoman government and its proxies targeted women and children with specific forms of genocidal violence. Written in the immediate aftermath from a position of exile, the report is translated in its entirety into English and interpreted for its value to recent developments in gender and genocide studies. While the report has been discussed by scholars as a document of witness, rarely has Zabel’s writing been examined in depth for its analysis of specific forms of sexual atrocity central to genocidal design nor as an explicitly feminist text that calls for Armenian women to assume a central role in the post-war recuperation effort.