bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceptability, Effectiveness, and Roles of mHealth Applications in Supporting Cancer Pain Self-Management: Integrative Review
Authors: Wu Weizi , Graziano Teresa , Salner Andrew , Chen Ming-Hui , Judge Michelle P , Cong Xiaomei , Xu Wanli
Published: April 2024

Background

 Cancer pain remains highly prevalent and persistent throughout survivorship, and it is crucial to investigate the potential of leveraging the advanced features of mobile health (mHealth) apps to empower individuals to self-manage their pain.

Objective

 This review aims to comprehensively understand the acceptability, users’ experiences, and effectiveness of mHealth apps in supporting cancer pain self-management.

Methods

 We conducted an integrative review following Souza and Whittemore and Knafl’s 6 review processes. Literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, PsycINFO, and Embase, from 2013 to 2023. Keywords including “cancer patients,” “pain,” “self-management,” “mHealth applications,” and relevant synonyms were used in the search. The Johns Hopkins research evidence appraisal tool was used to evaluate the quality of eligible studies. A narrative synthesis was conducted to analyze the extracted data.

Results

 A total of 20 studies were included, with the overall quality rated as high (n=15) to good (n=5). Using mHealth apps to monitor and manage pain was acceptable for most patients with cancer. The internal consistency of the mHealth in measuring pain was 0.96. The reported daily assessment or engagement rate ranged from 61.9% to 76.8%. All mHealth apps were designed for multimodal interventions. Participants generally had positive experiences using pain apps, rating them as enjoyable and user-friendly. In addition, 6 studies reported significant improvements in health outcomes, including enhancement in pain remission (severity and intensity), medication adherence, and a reduced frequency of breakthrough pain. The most frequently highlighted roles of mHealth apps included pain monitoring, tracking, reminders, education facilitation, and support coordination.

Conclusions

 mHealth apps are effective and acceptable in supporting pain self-management. They offer a promising multi-model approach for patients to monitor, track, and manage their pain. These findings provide evidence-based insights for leveraging mHealth apps to support cancer pain self-management. More high-quality studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of digital technology–based interventions for cancer pain self-management and to identify the facilitators and barriers to their implementation in real-world practice.
Remote Inclusion of Vulnerable Users in mHealth Intervention Design: Retrospective Case Analysis
Authors: Straand Ingjerd J , Baxter Kimberley A , Følstad Asbjørn
Published: April 2024

Background

Mobile health (mHealth) interventions that promote healthy behaviors or mindsets are a promising avenue to reach vulnerable or at-risk groups. In designing such mHealth interventions, authentic representation of intended participants is essential. The COVID-19 pandemic served as a catalyst for innovation in remote user-centered research methods. The capability of such research methods to effectively engage with vulnerable participants requires inquiry into practice to determine the suitability and appropriateness of these methods.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to explore opportunities and considerations that emerged from involving vulnerable user groups remotely when designing mHealth interventions. Implications and recommendations are presented for researchers and practitioners conducting remote user-centered research with vulnerable populations.

Methods

Remote user-centered research practices from 2 projects involving vulnerable populations in Norway and Australia were examined retrospectively using visual mapping and a reflection-on-action approach. The projects engaged low-income and unemployed groups during the COVID-19 pandemic in user-based evaluation and testing of interactive, web-based mHealth interventions.

Results

Opportunities and considerations were identified as (1) reduced barriers to research inclusion; (2) digital literacy transition; (3) contextualized insights: a window into people’s lives; (4) seamless enactment of roles; and (5) increased flexibility for researchers and participants.

Conclusions

Our findings support the capability and suitability of remote user methods to engage with users from vulnerable groups. Remote methods facilitate recruitment, ease the burden of research participation, level out power imbalances, and provide a rich and relevant environment for user-centered evaluation of mHealth interventions. There is a potential for a much more agile research practice. Future research should consider the privacy impacts of increased access to participants’ environment via webcams and screen share and how technology mediates participants’ action in terms of privacy. The development of support procedures and tools for remote testing of mHealth apps with user participants will be crucial to capitalize on efficiency gains and better protect participants’ privacy.
Addressing Data Absenteeism and Technology Chauvinism in the Use of Gamified Wearable Gloves Among Older Adults: Moderated Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Edmund W J , Tan Warrick W , Pham Ben Tan Phat , Kawaja Ariffin , Theng Yin-Leng
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Digital health technologies have the potential to improve health outcomes for older adults, especially for those recovering from stroke. However, there are challenges to developing these technologies, such as data absenteeism (where older adults’ views are often underrepresented in research and development) and technology chauvinism (the belief that sophisticated technology alone is the panacea to addressing health problems), which hinder their effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aimed to address these challenges by developing a wearable glove integrated with culturally relevant exergames to motivate older adults to exercise and, for those recovering from stroke, to adhere to rehabilitation.

METHODS

We conducted a moderated usability study with 19 older adults, of which 11 (58%) had a history of stroke. Our participants engaged in a 30-minute gameplay session with the wearable glove integrated with exergames, followed by a quantitative survey and an in-depth interview. We used descriptive analysis to compare responses to the System Usability Scale between those who had a history of stroke and those who did not. In addition, we analyzed the qualitative interviews using a bottom-up thematic analysis to identify key themes related to the motivations and barriers regarding the use of wearable gloves for rehabilitation and exercise.

RESULTS

Our study generated several key insights. First, making the exergames exciting and challenging could improve exercise and rehabilitation motivation, but it could also have a boomerang effect, where participants may become demotivated if the games were very challenging. Second, the comfort and ease of use of the wearable gloves were important for older adults, regardless of their stroke history. Third, for older adults with a history of stroke, the functionality and purpose of the wearable glove were important in helping them with specific exercise movements.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings highlight the importance of providing contextual support for the effective use of digital technologies, particularly for older adults recovering from stroke. In addition to technology and usability factors, other contextual factors such as gamification and social support (from occupational therapists or caregivers) should be considered to provide a comprehensive approach to addressing health problems. To overcome data absenteeism and technology chauvinism, it is important to develop digital health technologies that are tailored to the needs of underserved communities. Our study provides valuable insights for the development of digital health technologies that can motivate older adults recovering from stroke to exercise and adhere to rehabilitation.
A Cognitive Linguistic Study on the Polysemous Chinese Word “头”
Authors: Li Tiantian
Published: April 2024

The prototype category serves as the foundation for polysemy which is extended via metonymy and metaphor. As cognitive linguistics advances, it has become apparent that metaphor and metonymy are not merely poetic embellishments for language. Rather, they constitute a mode of thought and a form of cognition, by which we gain comprehension of new concepts. Due to the fact that the head is the most significant portion of the human body, it is frequently used in linguistic expressions. This study adopts qualitative descriptive study through the framework of prototype theory, metaphor, metonymy, and iconicity to make an analysis of the polysemous Chinese character “头” (head), which contributes to our understanding of the intricate interplay between language, cognition, and cultural associations.
Meat Alternatives and Their Impact on Human Health: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Pontalti Emanuele , Cullere Marco , Dalle Zotte Antonella
Published: April 2024

In the contemporary landscape, conventional meat faces increasing scrutiny due to recent allegations raised by various associations and scientific groups. While these criticisms are often linked to excessive meat consumption, a growing number of individuals are reducing or eliminating meat from their diets, questioning its role in a healthy diet. The consequent request for alternative protein sources has prompted the food industry to create so-called “meat alternatives” products. These emerging foods aim to replicate the sensory characteristics of conventional meat, eliminating the need to slaughter animals, and minimize environmental impact. Despite the misleading claims of various supporters, the long-term nutritional sustainability of these novel products remains unclear. To date, products resembling meat, which exploit different sources such as plants, algae, fungi, insects, and in vitro–cultured animal cells (cell-based food) require an unavoidable level of industrial processing, rendering the final products as ultra-processed foods (UPF). Given the well-established adverse effects associated with prolonged consumption of UPF, it raises questions about whether these products truly serve as a viable substitute for whole and unprocessed foods, like meat. With limited scientific knowledge and technological innovation to date, the long-term effects of meat alternatives on human health remain unclear. Addressing this crucial gap, together with guaranteeing transparency of research, should be a top priority for the food industry, guiding decisions on whether investment in these emerging food products is not only a cost-effective but also a health-conscious strategy.
“The journalistic licence of it all”: Crime, Fiction, and Journalism in David Peace’s Nineteen Seventy Four
Authors: Jiménez Maximiliano
Published: April 2024

This paper analyzes David Peace’s novel Nineteen Seventy Four (1999), first part of his Red Riding Quartet, to revise how the author uses the dynamics and conceptions of journalism and noir fiction to problematize the concepts of truth and fiction within the genre, on the one hand, and to reflect on the notion of historical past in relation to the present, also subordinated to the crossings between truth and fiction, on the other. By constructing a detective that in this case is embodied by an ambitious journalist in the Yorkshire County of 1974 and exploiting his sordid narrative style, the novel demands comparisons between the contemporary context and the past he fictionalizes through the presence of real-life events. Taking meticulous advantage of the precepts and expectations of noir fiction, the novel leads to a conscientious reading that exacerbates the growing instability of the boundaries between the discourses of reality and fiction in the 21st century. This analysis focuses first on the characterization of the protagonist since the construction of a reporter as the detective and narrator of a noir novel emphasizes the thematization of journalism when seen in relation to the search for truth for profit. Then, it turns to the importance of the journalistic style of the narrator and protagonist, since the narrative characteristics of the text outline very peculiar ways of reading that lead to questioning hegemonic discourses.
Deep Learning Approaches for Automated Waste Classification and Sorting
Authors: Sharma Deepak Kumar , Bharti Dr. , Upadhayay Utkarsh , Pandey Tushar
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Effective waste management is critical for environmental sustainability in modern societies. Manual classification and sorting of waste streams is labour-intensive, error-prone, and poses health hazards. Recent advancements in deep neural networks provide new opportunities for automated waste characterization and segregation. This work develops a deep convolutional neural network architecture for classifying various materials commonly found in municipal solid waste. The model achieves over 93% accuracy in categorizing plastics, paper, metals, and glass items from images. The system is designed for edge deployment on low-cost hardware at waste sorting facilities. We implement a closed-loop simulation environment using robotic arms and conveyor belts to demonstrate automated segregation based on predicted waste categories. Results highlight viability for improved waste processing via integration of deep learning-enabled automation. Broader adoption could lead to reduced costs and environmental impact while increasing recycling rates
Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sediaan Face Wash Gel Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga
Authors: Rahmasari Dyah , Nursolich Della Oktani’matun , Avescina Rafli Izzudin , Hidayati Melinia Nur , Tahesa Idola Zulfi , Nugraheni Raditya Weka
Published: April 2024

Kulit buah naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri yang dapat digunakan untuk mencegah penuaan dini. Facial wash merupakan salah satu cara untuk membersihkan sel kulit mati, kotoran, minyak, dan kosmetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik, aktivitas antioksidan, dan profil antibakteri ekstrak kulit buah naga yang diformulasikan dalam face wash gel. Face wash gel ekstrak kulit buah naga diformulasikan dengan tiga konsentrasi yang berbeda (1%; 3%; 5%) dan dikarakterisasi sifat fisikokimianya (organoleptik, viskositas, nilai pH, daya sebar, homogenitas, daya berbusa), diukur aktivitas antioksidannya (menggunakan metode DPPH) dan profil antibakterinya (menggunakan metode difusi sumuran), kemudian diamati daya iritasinya (menggunakan metode HET-CAM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga formula memiliki karakteristik yang baik, dan formula 3 (ekstrak kulit buah naga 5%) merupakan formula terbaik karena memiliki zona diameter hambat terhadap Propionibacterium acnes dan persentase hambatnya terhadap DPPH. Ketiga formula tersebut juga tidak memiliki efek iritasi pada Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM). Ekstrak kulit buah naga dapat dikembangkan menjadi sediaan face wash dengan efektifitas yang baik terutama pada konsentrasi 5%.
Analisis Bibliometrik tentang Implementasi Telefarmasi di Masa COVID-19
Authors: Puspitasari Alvina Arum
Published: April 2024

Pelayanan kefarmasian jarak jauh semakin mendapat banyak perhatian di masa pandemi COVID-19, sehubungan dengan dampak penurunan risiko penularan dan jangkauannya yang lebih luas terhadap pasien di daerah yang rentan. Hal ini mendorong dilakukannya berbagai penelitian yang dapat mendukung penerapan intervensi pelayanan farmasi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis cakupan penelitian terkait telefarmasi yang telah dilakukan di masa COVID-19 menggunakan tinjauan bibliometrik. Analisis bibliometrik dilakukan menggunakan database Scopus melalui pencarian referensi dengan kata kunci telepharmacy dan covid. Hasil pencarian kemudian divisualisasikan menggunakan software VosViewer untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut. Sejumlah 74 artikel ditemukan dari database Scopus yang diakses pada tanggal 16 November 2021. Terjadi peningkatan signifikan jumlah artikel dari tahun 2020 ke tahun 2021, dengan Amerika Serikat sebagai negara dengan jumlah penelitian terbanyak. Topik area dengan topik covid, pasien, pandemik, pelayanan, dan penelitian adalah yang terbanyak didiskusikan. Melalui analisis bibliometrik menggunakan VosViewer, cakupan penelitian yang telah dilakukan terkait telefarmasi dan covid dapat dipaparkan. Dengan demikian, tinjauan ini dapat dioptimalkan sebagai rujukan topik dan keterbaruan penelitian terkait telefarmasi di masa covid untuk para peneliti selanjutnya.
A Review on Algal Oil
Authors: S Harshitha , Sarkar Mayukh , G Rachana , H A Harshitha
Published: April 2024

Algal oil, obtained from algae, is well-known for its high concentration of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA and EPA. This investigation aims to elucidate algal oil's components and its manifold benefits for human health. This article synthesizes pharmacology aspects including dosage, administration, and side effects, as well as pharmacognostic insights like extraction types and processes, and the composition of various forms of microalgae, which may inspire novel investigation approaches. The chemical features of algal oil have been employed effectively in significant health conditions such as preterm birth, coronary heart disease, and other health concerns.
An Updated Comprehensive Review on Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) In the Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Rao Khadam Vinay Kumar , Singh Ravindra Pal , Prajapati Deepak , Yunus Mohammad , Prajapat Balkishan , Kumar Rai Santosh , Kumari Prakriti , Gogoi Dipon
Published: April 2024

The field of pharmaceutical sciences has witnessed a paradigm shift with the advent of Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS), which aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy, reduce side effects, and improve patient compliance. This comprehensive review explores the latest advancements and innovations in NDDS, encompassing a diverse range of delivery platforms and strategies.(NDDs are transforming the landscape of pharmaceutical treatment, offering unparalleled potential for enhanced therapeutic efficacy, improved bioavailability, controlled release, targeted delivery, and enhanced stability. This comprehensive review explores the diverse landscape of NDDS, highlighting recent advancements and addressing key challenges. Prominent NDDS include liposomes, nanoparticles, micelles, polymeric drug conjugates, monoclonal antibodies, implants, and patches. Each system possesses unique properties and applications, tailored to specific drugs and therapeutic needs. Recent breakthroughs in targeted nanocarriers, gene therapy vectors, and 3D-printed personalized dosage forms are pushing the boundaries of innovation. The main highlights of the present review firstly the basics on NDDs, the several approaches of nano drug carriers for the drug delivery with their preparation methods and example. The middle version of review discuss the recent advancements techniques in the preparation of NDDs carriers and lastly the marketed formulation of particular drug carrier.
Studying science in pop culture through textual analysis. An introduction to examining science in visual texts — Street art, comics and (animated) film
Authors: Jürgens Anna-Sophie , Darragh Lucy , Peace Paul , Agha Rita , Viana John Noel , Richards Isabel
Published: April 2024

Textual analysis is a commonly-used qualitative method for analysing and interpreting cultural texts. This approach elicits how representations occur, their underlying assumptions and how they come to have meaning. Despite the popularity and utility of textual analysis, its interpretive and theoretical strategies are not comprehensively described in science communication research. To fill this gap and clarify how textual analysis can be used to unpack the cultural meanings and representation of science in visual texts — images, comics and films — the authors analyse and discuss four environmentally-themed scholarly articles that apply textual analysis. This showcases the value of textual analysis in investigating and understanding the relationships between pop culture and science, demystifying it for science communication students and researchers.
UNLOCKING THE POWER OF SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE: ENHANCING THE PROFESSIONAL QUALITY OF LIFE OF CRITICAL CARE NURSES IN PRIVATE HOSPITALS
Authors: Azeem Anas Mohamad , Sharoni Siti Khuzaimah Ahmad , Hamina Dathini
Published: April 2024

Caring for critically ill patients may have a negative impact on nurses’ professional quality of life (ProQOL), including their compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS), leading to nurses’ turnover and concerns about the quality of care provided. Spiritual intelligence (SI) has been considered an important quality in most professions in recent years, but there is limited research on its role in contributing to the ProQOL of nurses. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the role of SI and its relationship with professional nurses’ ProQOL. This study aimed to determine the level of SI and ProQOL among critical care nurses in private hospitals. Followed by examining the relationship between SI and demographic data towards the dimension of ProQOL. A multisite study using a cross-sectional design was conducted on 136 nurses working at three private hospitals in Malaysia from March 2021 to March 2022 via an online survey. Data was gathered using the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) and the Professional Quality of Life Version 5 (ProQOL-5), and descriptive and multivariate analyses were run using SPSS. SI among nurses was found at moderate to high levels of (61.30 ± 12.95), and the majority nurses had a moderate level of CS (72.1%), BO (77.2%), and STS (75.0%). In regression, there was a statistically significant relationship between SI toward CS (β = 0.61, t = 9.79, p < 0.01) and BO (β = -0.31, t = -4.19, p < 0.01), suggesting that CS levels were significantly higher with increasing SI levels, and BO levels significantly reduced with increasing SI levels. Also, female nurses are predicted to have a higher level of BO than male nurses (β = 0.20, t = 2.77, p = 0.01). The study’s results suggested that a holistic strategic approach is needed to improve CS and mitigate the negative component of ProQOL (BO and STS) by utilizing SI. It is hoped that nursing education institutes and hospital organizations can contribute to cultivating SI among nurses with extra consideration given to female nurses.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SCREEN TIME AGE EXPOSURE AND SCREEN TIME DURATION WITH DEVELOPMENTAL SKILLS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 6-36 MONTHS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Mhd Zain Nur Anis Zarifah
Published: April 2024

Recently, mental health literacy (MHL) research has been growing widely in the literature. However, research on MHL in Malaysia is limited, and caregivers’ MHL is often overlooked. As such, this study was conducted to examine the MHL of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). This preliminary cross-sectional study recruited parents of children with ASC from a few selected therapy centers in Klang Valley to examine their mental health literacy. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the level of mental health literacy. Most respondents were mothers of children with ASC, from the Malay and Muslim groups, and had a formal education up to the tertiary level. MHL’s mean (SD) scores among 61 parents of children with ASC were 119.28 (9.52) out of 160. In conclusion, the study showed that participants were mostly aware of mental illness. However, most participants had stigmatizing beliefs about social interaction and marriage with people with mental illness. Additional research should be conducted to understand further MHL and other variables among parents of children with ASC.
Creative Arts Education As A Foundation for Technological Advancement
Authors:   Department of Design and Fine Arts Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria., Ajayi Joseph Babatunde
Published: April 2024

The creative arts have been a major catalyst for technological advancement. However, due to lack of synergy between creative arts education and technology, there has been a relegation of creative arts education, which has led to a comparatively less creative drive and advancement in technological output. This paper explores the role of creative arts education as a foundation for technological advancements by x-raying the definitions of arts and technology and also highlighting the historical role of creative arts in technological inventions. This paper suggests factors affecting the synergy between creative arts and technology and further suggests possible ways of making creative arts more productive technologically. Keywords: Creative Arts, Technology, Education, Development. Proceedings Citation Format Ajayi, J.B. (2023): Creative Arts Education As A Foundation for Technological Advancement. Proceedings of the 37th iSTEAMS Multidisciplinary Cross-Border Conference. 30th October – 1st November, 2023. Academic City University College, Accra, Ghana. Pp 165-170. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/ACCRACROSSBORDER2023 V2P11
Portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Savic Zeljka , Damjanov Dimitrije , Latinovic-Bosnjak Olgica , Janjic Nebojsa , Dejanovic Bozidar , Krnetic Zarko , Vracaric Vladimir
Published: April 2024

Background/Aim. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) has a prevalence of 0.6?26%. It is most commonly discovered incidentally as part of the evaluation of LC or in the context of acute decompensation of LC due to portal hypertension. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of PVT in patients with LC in relation to the severity of the disease and individual elements of portal hypertension. Methods. A total of 326 patients treated for LC decompensation were included in a retrospective study. Standard laboratory analyses, abdominal ultrasonography and/or computed tomography, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy were performed. Results. The diameter of the portal vein (PV) differed between patients without esophageal varices (12.2 mm) and those with large varices (13.6 mm), p = 0.026. PVT was identified in 6.1% of patients with LC. The patients were classified according to the Child-Pugh scoring system, which has the A, B, and C categories used to assess the severity of liver disease. PVT was present in 3.0% of patients in class C and 12.0% in class B, while none of the patients in class A had PVT (p = 0.005). PVT was present in 4.4% of patients with small varices and 16.7% with large varices (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the presence of PVT between the groups of patients with and without variceal bleeding nor between groups with different degrees of ascites. A fatal outcome occurred in 29.4% of patients, but there was no difference between patients with and without PVT. Conclusion. PVT is present in more advanced stages of LC and predominantly in patients with large esophageal varices. There was no higher prevalence of PVT observed with the occurrence of variceal bleeding or with the death outcome in patients with LC.
Inhibitory Regulation of FOXO1 in PPARδ Expression Drives Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Park Soyoung , Cha Hye-Na , Shin Min-Gyeong , Park Sanghee , Kim Yeongmin , Kim Min-Seob , Shin Kyung-Hoon , Thoudam Themis , Lee Eun Ju , Wolfe Robert R. , Dan Jinmyoung , Koh Jin-Ho , Kim Il-Young , Choi Inho , Lee In-Kyu , Sung Hoon-Ki , Park So-Young
Published: April 2024

Forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) regulates muscle growth, but the metabolic role of FOXO1 in skeletal muscle and its mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the metabolic role of FOXO1 in skeletal muscle, we generated skeletal muscle–specific Foxo1 inducible knockout (mFOXO1 iKO) mice and fed them a high-fat diet to induce obesity. We measured insulin sensitivity, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial function, and exercise capacity in obese mFOXO1 iKO mice and assessed the correlation between FOXO1 and mitochondria-related protein in the skeletal muscle of patients with diabetes. Obese mFOXO1 iKO mice exhibited improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity, which was followed by attenuated insulin resistance, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and improved skeletal muscle exercise capacity. Transcriptional inhibition of FOXO1 in peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor δ (PPARδ) expression was confirmed in skeletal muscle, and deletion of PPARδ abolished the beneficial effects of FOXO1 deficiency. FOXO1 protein levels were higher in the skeletal muscle of patients with diabetes and negatively correlated with PPARδ and electron transport chain protein levels. These findings highlight FOXO1 as a new repressor in PPARδ gene expression in skeletal muscle and suggest that FOXO1 links insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle via PPARδ.

Article Highlights
Immunometabolic Signatures of Circulating Monocytes in Humans with Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Smeehuijzen Lisa , Gijbels Anouk , P. Nugteren-Boogaard Joline , Vrieling Frank , Boutagouga Boudjadja Mehdi , Trouwborst Inez , M. Jardon Kelly , B. Hul Gabby , J.M. Feskens Edith , E. Blaak Ellen , H. Goossens Gijs , A. Afman Lydia , Stienstra Rinke
Published: April 2024

Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation and metabolic complications, including insulin resistance (IR). Immune cells drive inflammation through the rewiring of intracellular metabolism. However, the impact of obesity-related IR on the metabolism and functionality of circulating immune cells, like monocytes, remains poorly understood. To increase insight into the inter-individual variation of immunometabolic signatures among individuals and their role in the development of IR, we assessed systemic and tissue-specific IR and circulating immune markers, and we characterized metabolic signatures and cytokine secretion of circulating monocytes from 194 individuals with a BMI≥25kg/m2. Monocyte metabolic signatures were defined using extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) to estimate glycolysis and oxygen consumption rates (OCR) for oxidative metabolism. Although monocyte metabolic signatures and function based on cytokine secretion varied greatly among subjects, they were strongly associated with each other. The ECAR/OCR ratio, representing the balance between glycolysis and oxidative metabolism, was negatively associated with fasting insulin, systemic IR, and liver-specific IR. These results indicate that monocytes from individuals with IR were relatively more dependent on oxidative metabolism, while monocytes from more insulin-sensitive individuals were more dependent on glycolysis. Additionally, circulating CXCL11 was negatively associated with the degree of systemic IR and positively with the ECAR/OCR ratio in monocytes, suggesting that individuals with high IR and a monocyte metabolic dependence on oxidative metabolism also have lower levels of circulating CXCL11. Our findings suggest that monocyte metabolism is related to obesity-associated IR progression and deepen insights into the interplay between innate immune cell metabolism and IR development in humans.
Inhibitory regulation of FoxO1 in PPARδ expression drives mitochondria dysfunction and insulin resistance
Authors: Park Soyoung , Cha Hye-Na , Shin Min-Gyeong , Park Sanghee , Kim Yeongmin , Kim Min-Seob , Shin Kyung-Hoon , Thoudam Themis , Ju Lee Eun , R. Wolfe Robert , Dan Jinmyoung , Koh Jin-Ho , Kim Il-Young , Choi Inho , Lee In-kyu , Sung Hoon-Ki , Park So-Young
Published: April 2024

Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) regulates muscle growth, but the metabolic role of FoxO1 in skeletal muscle and its mechanisms remain unclear. To explore the metabolic role of FoxO1 in skeletal muscle, we generated skeletal muscle-specific FoxO1 inducible knockout (mFoxO1 iKO) mice and fed them a high-fat diet to induce obesity. We measured insulin sensitivity, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial function, and exercise capacity in obese mFoxO1 iKO mice, and assessed the correlation between FoxO1 and mitochondrial-related protein in the skeletal muscle of diabetic patients. Obese mFoxO1 iKO mice exhibited improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity, which was followed by attenuated insulin resistance, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and improved skeletal muscle exercise capacity. Transcriptional inhibition of FoxO1 in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) expression was confirmed in skeletal muscle and deletion of PPARδ abolished the beneficial effects of FoxO1 deficiency. FoxO1 protein levels were higher in the skeletal muscle of diabetic patients and negatively correlated with PPARδ and electron transport chain protein levels. These findings highlight FoxO1 as a new repressor in PPARδ gene expression in skeletal muscle and suggest that FoxO1 links insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle via PPARδ.
Filaggrin Mutation Status and Prevention of Atopic Dermatitis with Maternal Probiotic Supplementation
Authors: Zakiudin Dinastry Pramadita , Thyssen Jacob P. , Zachariae Claus , Videm Vibeke , Øien Torbjørn , Simpson Melanie Rae
Published: April 2024

The World Allergy Organization recommends probiotics in the prevention of atopic dermatitis in high-risk populations. Mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) result in an increased risk of atopic dermatitis through disruption of the skin keratin layer. This exploratory study investigated whether the preventive effect of maternal probiotics was evident in children with and without FLG mutations. DNA was collected from children (n =   228) from the Probiotic in the Prevention of Allergy among Children in Trondheim (ProPACT) study. Samples were analysed for 3 common FLG mutations (R501X, R2447X, and 2282del4). Overall, 7% of children had heterozygous FLG mutations; each child had only one of the 3 mutations. Mutation status had no association with atopic dermatitis (RR = 1.1; 95% CI 0.5 to 2.3). The risk ratio (RR) for having atopic dermatitis following maternal probiotics was 0.6 (95% CI 0.4 to 0.9) and RR was similar if the child expressed an FLG mutation (RR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.1 to 4.1) or wildtype FLG (RR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.9). The preventive  effect of probiotics for atopic dermatitis was also evident in children without FLG mutation. Larger confirmatory studies are needed.
On the problem of using neural networks in students' educational activities
Authors: Лопанова Е.В. , Савина Н.В.
Published: April 2024

В статье предлагается к обсуждению проблема использования отдельного типа искусственного интеллекта – нейросети – в учебной деятельности студентов. Выделены преимущества такого использования, приведены примеры из образовательной практики вузов и школ, показывающие широкий спектр применения нейросетей в обучении студентов и школьников. Вместе с тем, обоснованы риски внедрения искусственного интеллекта, связанные с потерей обучающимися прежде всего важнейших навыков мышления и деятельности. Приведены результаты эмпирического исследования мнений студентов и преподавателей четырех гуманитарных вузов России. Половина опрошенных студентов и преподавателей знают возможности нейросетей, и треть респондентов применяют их в своей деятельности для перевода текстов, подбора литературы и написания научных работ. Вместе с пользой респонденты отмечают и риски применения нейросетей – потерю навыков и способности к аналитическому мышлению, поверхностное обучение и риск потери навыков самостоятельной работы.

he article proposes to discuss the problem of using a neural network as a separate type of artificial intelligence in the educational activities of students. The paper highlights the advantages of its use and gives examples from the educational practice of the universities and schools, showing a wide range of neural networks applications in teaching students and schoolchildren. Also, the risks of introducing artificial intelligence leading to students’ loss of the most important thinking and activity skills, are substantiated in the paper. The article presents the results of the empirical study of the opinions of the students and teachers of four Russian humanities universities. Half of the students and teachers surveyed know the capabilities of neural networks and a third of respondents use them in their activities for translating texts, selecting literature and writing scientific papers. Along with the benefits, the respondents also note the risks of using neural networks as a loss of skills and ability to think analytically, perfunctory training and the risk of losing skills of independent work.
Immersive technologies in education, possible negative aspects of their application
Authors: Мухаметзянов И.Ш.
Published: April 2024

Проблема исследования. В современном образовании активно используются цифровые технологии – искусственный интеллект и разные форматы виртуальной реальности. Однако основные работы по данной тематике в образовании ориентированы на обоснование педагогической целесообразности их применения, в основном, в профессиональном и дополнительном образовании. Вместе с тем существуют и значимые негативные аспекты для здоровья пользователей при их применении. Нами в рамках данной публикации предприняты попытки описания основных рисков применения этих цифровых технологий, в основном, в общем образовании и в период формирования личности учащегося. Методология. В представленной ниже статье мы рассмотрели общие для всех стран тренды цифровой трансформации и активного использования иммерсивных технологий в образовании. Результаты исследования. Существующие тренды охватывают новые направления подготовки учителей в части принятия и применения иммерсивных технологий, стандартизацию оборудования, вопросы психологической безопасности участников образовательной деятельности при применении цифровых технологий.

The problem of research. Digital technologies are actively used in modern education, for example artificial intelligence and various virtual reality formats. But the main research on this topic in education is focused on the justification of the pedagogical expediency of their application, mainly in professional and additional education. At the same time, there are also significant negative aspects for the health of users caused by application of these technologies. Within the framework of this publication, we have attempted to describe the main risks of using these digital technologies, mainly in primary and secondary education and in the period of formation of a student's personality. Methodology. In the article below, we have reviewed the trends in digital transformation and the active use of immersive technologies in education, which are common to all countries. The results of the study. The existing trends cover new areas of teacher training in terms of the adoption and application of immersive technologies, standardization of equipment, issues of psychological safety of participants in educational activities in conditions of using digital technologies.
The Development of Novel Coating Solutions for the Improvement of Pre/Post Heat Treatment Performance Properties of Carbon Steel Conveyance Tubes
Authors:   , Grant James
Published: April 2024

Due to the normalisation process at the SR2 Mill in TATA Steel Corby, low carbon steel conveyance tubes generate an unwanted surface oxidation called scale. This is both detrimental to the yield loss and surface cosmetic appearance of the conveyance product. To inhibit this, a coating was designed to be applied prior to the normalisation stage to protect the steel surface. The construction and use of a purpose-built controlled atmosphere furnace allowed coating trials to experience the 9% O2 in the SR2 mill. Samples were heat treated using a pre-set thermal cycle and metallurgically prepared for optical microscope and SEM analysis. After a wide scope of coatings trials, two solutions were determined to be effective in scale prevention and were optimised by observing the oxidation kinetics, thermomechanical and phase properties. The first coating, utilised Na5P3O10 in combination with an acrylic addition to produce an impermeable phosphate coating through sol-gel application. This solution reduced oxidation by 82.1% and surface roughness improved by 41.1%. Using Laser Flash Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry, it was determined that the thermal conductivity of this coating was between 0.6-1.0W/mK which may affect thermal transfer. The second coating was a silicate-based solution which was a mullite material reinforced with ZrO2 for improved porosity traits. This solution reduced oxidation by 94.9% but increased surface roughness by 14.7%. An initial investigation of the untreated steel found that there was a clear point at 650°C where wüstite domination was prominent and that furnace atmospheres with <6% O2 caused the wüstite – magnetite ratio to reduce from 94% to 88%.
Comparison of Compulsory Education of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia
Authors: Krišto Ana , Rajić Višnja
Published: April 2024

Compulsory education is the basis of formal education, and in countries around the world, it has a different duration and characteristics and most often is related to elementary school. This current study compares compulsory education of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia. In addition to a review of the literature, current applicable laws and regulations, a comparative analysis of national curricula for compulsory education of the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Slovenia have been made. The study showed that there is a difference in the number of subjects taught in elementary schools in Croatia and Slovenia, as well as in the number of teaching hours of individual subjects. Furthermore, an analysis of six subject areas of primary education that are taught in both countries was made, with respect to content determinants. An analysis of the existing content determinants shows that the same or similar content is taught in both countries, while in only one subject area, further analysis is required. This study provided new insights that can be used to further develop Croatian compulsory education.
Application of Multirepresentation-Based Creative Problem-Solving Learning Models to Improve Critical and Creative Thinking Skills for Students
Authors: Fathonah Siti , Cahyono Edy , Haryani Sri , Sarwi Sarwi , Hayati Lestari Noer
Published: April 2024

The 21st-century competencies students need to have include creative thinking skills, critical thinking skills, literacy, and numeracy. These competencies can be developed in the learning process in class explicitly. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Multirepresentation Based Creative Problem-Solving (MBCPS) learning model in improving students’ critical and creative thinking skills. The MBCPS Model Syntax consists of four stages: 1) problem identification, 2) finding ideas, 3) evaluating ideas with multiple representations (verbal, visual, and mathematical), and 4) validating solutions. The MBCPS model was applied to the experimental group and the Problem-Solving (PS) learning model in the comparison group on four study programs, natural science education. culinary education, public health science, and nutrition science with material on the science of nutrition. The difference between before and after learning was tested by Mann-Whitney, and N-gain tested the effectiveness. The results showed that before learning, there was no difference in critical and creative thinking skills, with a p-value > 0.05 between the experimental group and the comparison group. After learning, there was a very significant difference (p < 0.05). Learning the MBCPS model can improve critical thinking skills with an N-gain of 0.72 (high category) and creative thinking skills with an N-gain of 0.67 (medium category). The MBCPS learning model can be implemented on a broader scale according to the characteristics of complex course material to develop models in the field of education.
The Effect of Primary School Teachers Using Online Education on Their Professional Creativity
Authors: Akhmetsapa Aigul , Uzunboylu Huseyin , Zholtayeva Gulnar , Abdigapbarova Ulzharkyn
Published: April 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of online education on the professional creativity of primary school teachers. The research was carried out in a mixed method. The study group of the research consisted of 319 primary school teachers who work in various primary schools in Zhetysu Region, Kazakhstan, and have online education experience. The data collection tools of the research were the teacher creativity scale, whose Kazakh language validity was provided by the researchers, and the semi-structured interview form. The analysis of the quantitative data of the research was carried out with SPSS 25 statistical program. Content analysis was performed for the analysis of the qualitative data of the studies. As a result of the research, it was determined that the creativity levels of primary school teachers were high. According to the seniority variable among primary school teachers, it was determined that the creativity levels of those with medium seniority were higher than the others. The vast majority of teachers stated that online education has a positive effect on professional creativity. The study recommends increasing the creativity level of primary school teachers, by establishing in-service training programs for all teachers, especially those who are in the first and last years of their professions.
Legal Basis of Educational Processes of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in E-tourism
Authors: Spalević Žaklina , Milosavljević Bojana , Marković Sanja
Published: April 2024

E-tourism has become a key component in the tourism industry and allows travelers to easily access information about destinations and services via the Internet, facilitating their travel planning process. Through e-tourism, travelers can research destinations, plan trips, book accommodations, purchase transportation tickets, and explore tourist attractions through online resources. Also, this area helps tourism businesses to effectively promote their services, communicate with clients and manage reservations. E-tourism represents the integration of information and communication technologies in the tourism sector. This concept encompasses the application of digital technologies such as the Internet, mobile applications, online reservation systems, web platforms and social media to improve aspects of travel and tourism. The legal foundation of educational procedures utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms in e-tourism holds significant importance because of the multitude of potential legal complexities and obstacles that could emerge. The Republic of Serbia, like many other countries, is working on improving its regulations in order to enable the development of e-tourism and at the same time ensure the protection of the interests and safety of travelers.
Metacognitive Strategies for Mathematical Modeling with Engineering Groups of Students: Adaptation and Validation of a Questionnaire
Authors: Cárcamo Mansilla Noemí , Aravena Díaz María
Published: April 2024

A sequential exploratory mixed-methods study is implemented to develop an instrument that allows for the evaluation of the metacognitive strategies used by engineering groups of students when solving mathematical modeling problems. The findings of the qualitative study guided by observations and interviews reveal the use of metacognitive strategies of ‘planning’, ‘monitoring and, if necessary, regulation’, and ‘evaluation’. In this article, we present the final categories of the qualitative analysis and discuss how these data were shaped into a theoretical construct and items of an instrument to measure metacognitive strategies. The psychometric properties of the instrument are analyzed, and it is argued that it has a similar interpretation among males and females, as there are no significant differences in these results. The development of the present study demonstrates how the qualitative method can support the adaptation of an instrument to measure metacognitive strategies, thus contributing to validity and applicability.