bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Photocatalytic Ozonation for the Remediation of Aquaculture Effluents: A Review
Authors: Masjidin Nurul Najiha Datu , Joseph Collin G. , Teo Siow Hwa , Gansau Jualang Azlan , Sarbatly Rosalam , Ramakrishnan Sivakumar , Sillanpää Mika
Published: November 2024

The growing global population and limitations in fish catch production have led to a surge in the demand for aquaculture. Contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) are frequently being detected at low levels in surface water. These CECs, which include previously unidentified or unregulated pollutants, pose potential risks to health and the environment, though their impacts are not yet fully understood. Extensive research studies have been proposed and undertaken to address the issue of aquaculture wastewater, aiming to minimize its impact and implement effective treatment methods. This review provides an analysis of various technologies used for treating aquaculture wastewater using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) focusing on photocatalysis and ozonation. It examines their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their respective treatment efficacies, and discusses their potential applications in sustainable aquaculture practices complying with the Sustainable Development Goals of 1, 2, and 6 as well as being in line with the Environmental Social and Governance (ESG) framework.
Impairment of Intermediate Filament Expression Reveals Impact on Cell Functions Independent from Keratinocyte Transformation
Authors: Klein Charlotte , Ramminger Imke , Bai Shuoqiu , Steinberg Thorsten , Tomakidi Pascal
Published: November 2024

Although cytoplasmic intermediate filaments (cIFs) are essential for cell physiology, the molecular and cell functional consequences of cIF disturbances are poorly understood. Identifying defaults in cell function-controlled tissue homeostasis and understanding the interrelationship between specific cIFs and distinct cell functions remain key challenges. Using an RNAi-based mechanistic approach, we connected the impairment of cell-inherent cIFs with molecular and cell functional consequences, such as proliferation and differentiation. To investigate cIF disruption consequences in the oral epithelium, different cell transformation stages, originating from alcohol-treated oral gingival keratinocytes, were used. We found that impairment of keratin (KRT) KRT5, KRT14 and vimentin (VIM) affects proliferation and differentiation, and modulates the chromatin status. Furthermore, cIF impairment reduces the expression of nuclear integrity participant lamin B1 and the terminal keratinocyte differentiation marker involucrin (IVL). Conversely, impairment of IVL reduces cIF expression levels, functionally suggesting a regulatory interaction between cIFs and IVL. The findings demonstrate that the impairment of cIFs leads to imbalances in proliferation and differentiation, both of which are essential for tissue homeostasis. Thus, targeted impairment of cIFs appears promising to investigate the functional role of cIFs on cell-dependent tissue physiology at the molecular level and identifies putative interactions of cIFs with epithelial differentiation.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Apostichopus japonicus Extract in Porphyromonas gingivalis-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Kim Min-jeong , Kim Hyun-jin
Published: November 2024

Apostichopus japonicus has been used both as a food and in traditional medicine. However, its anti-inflammatory effects in periodontal diseases have not been studied. We examined the anti-inflammatory properties of Apostichopus japonicus extract in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis. The cytotoxicity of Apostichopus japonicus extract was evaluated using the MTS assay. Its effect on NO production was then measured using the NO assay. The mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Western blotting was performed to investigate the expression of regulatory proteins involved in the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Apostichopus japonicus extract significantly inhibited NO production without cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. Following Porphyromonas gingivalis stimulation, treatment with the extract decreased iNOS mRNA expression and protein levels, which are responsible for NO production. The extract also suppressed the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, Apostichopus japonicus extract inhibited NF-κB activation by regulating signaling molecules such as IKK and IκBα, while also preventing the phosphorylation of MAPK, including ERK, p38, and JNK, showing anti-inflammatory potential. Therefore, it may be a promising natural candidate for the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies for periodontitis.
Bridging the Gap: Supplements Strategies from Experimental Research to Clinical Applications in Sarcopenic Obesity
Authors: Virgolici Bogdana , Dobre Maria-Zinaida , Stefan Daciana Costina Andrada
Published: November 2024

Obesity causes fat accumulation, and sarcopenia causes loss of muscle mass and strength; together, they worsen insulin resistance and accelerate muscle decline, creating a harmful cycle. Some supplements, along with physical exercise, could be remedies for sarcopenic obesity (SO). In this review, we aim to draw a comparison between supplements studied in experimental research and those evaluated in clinical studies for SO. In experimental studies, Sea Buckthorn—in forms such as oil, freeze-dried powder or pomace—has been shown to enhance muscle cell growth, improve gut microbiota, provide hypoglycemic benefits and increase muscle mass by promoting protein synthesis. Increased consumption of Omega-3 fatty acids may play a protective role against SO in women. Melatonin may positively impact obesity and SO by reducing oxidative stress. Elevated irisin levels, such as those observed with vitamin D supplementation, could prevent muscle wasting and fat gain in SO by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing inflammation. There have been many studies highlighting the potential of vitamin D in preventing age related sarcopenia; however, the effect of vitamin D supplementation in SO is under-researched and appears less promising. Future clinical trials using natural supplements hold promise, as these provide multiple beneficial components that may work synergistically to treat SO.
IEEE 802.15.6 and LoRaWAN for WBAN in Healthcare: A Comparative Study on Communication Efficiency and Energy Optimization
Authors: Al-Sofi Soleen Jaladet , Atroshey Salih Mustafa S. , Ali Ismail Amin
Published: November 2024

Wireless body area networks (WBANs), which continually gather and transmit patient health data in real time, are essential for improving healthcare administration. Patient outcomes can be improved by sending these data to medical professionals for prompt review and treatment. For the effective deployment of WBANs, communication solutions are necessary to maximize critical performance parameters, such as low power consumption, minimal delay, and acceptable data rates, while guaranteeing dependable transmission. Two prominent technologies in this field are LoRaWAN, which is renowned for its long-range capabilities and energy efficiency, and IEEE 802.15.6, which was created especially for short-range medical applications with high data throughput. This study provides a comparative evaluation of these two technologies to determine their suitability for diverse WBAN healthcare scenarios. By using the NS3, a simulation was performed to calculate six key performance metrics: throughput, arrival rate, delay, energy consumption, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and network lifetime. The study analyzed each technology’s performance under varying node counts. At a density of 50 nodes, IEEE 802.15.6 demonstrated superior throughput, with 45 kbps, compared to LoRaWAN, and a higher PDR of 30%. Additionally, IEEE 802.15.6 showed a higher arrival rate, of 0.33%, than LoRaWAN. On the other hand, LoRaWAN showed notable strengths in energy consumption, with only 42 J, compared to IEEE 802.15.6, and significantly lower delay, with a delay of 7 s. Additionally, LoRaWAN offered an extended network lifetime, of 18 h, compared to IEEE 802.15.6.
Trophic Interactions of Callinectes sapidus (Blue Crab) in Vendicari Nature Reserve (Central Mediterranean, Ionian Sea) and First Record of Penaeus aztecus (Brown Shrimp)
Authors: Tiralongo Francesco , Nota Alessandro , Pasquale Costanza Di , Muccio Eliana , Felici Alberto
Published: November 2024

Invasive alien species pose severe threats to global biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and socio-economic values, particularly in coastal and marine ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate the trophic interactions between alien species and native fauna in a Mediterranean coastal ecosystem. Notably, our research focused on the presence and ecological roles of the invasive Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) and the brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) within the Vendicari Nature Reserve (VNR), a protected area on the southeastern coast of Sicily, Italy. Field observations, specimen collection, and interviews with local fishermen were conducted to assess the presence, distribution, and feeding habits of these species. The results revealed significant temporal shifts in the diet of C. sapidus, with a clear decrease in predation on the alien Penaeus aztecus (first observed in the VNR) over the study months. The presence of C. sapidus in the fishing area around the reserve has been detected for many years, while P. aztecus appears to have recently colonized the area. Additionally, photographic evidence documented the predation of C. sapidus by Octopus vulgaris, highlighting a potential adaptive feeding behavior by the common octopus in response to the abundance of this invasive crab. The integration of scientific research, local ecological knowledge, and community participation is essential for mitigating the impacts of biological invasions and preserving the biodiversity and ecological integrity of natural ecosystems.
Addressing Bias and Fairness Using Fair Federated Learning: A Synthetic Review
Authors: Kim Dohyoung , Woo Hyekyung , Lee Youngho
Published: November 2024

The rapid increase in data volume and variety within the field of machine learning necessitates ethical data utilization and adherence to strict privacy protection standards. Fair federated learning (FFL) has emerged as a pivotal solution for ensuring fairness and privacy protection within distributed learning environments. FFL not only enhances privacy safeguards but also addresses inherent limitations of existing federated learning (FL) systems by fostering equitable model training across diverse participant groups, mitigating the exclusion of individual users or minorities, and improving overall model fairness. This study examines the causes of bias and fairness within existing FL systems and categorizes solutions according to data partitioning strategies, privacy mechanisms, applicable machine learning models, communication architectures, and technologies designed to manage heterogeneity. To mitigate bias, enhance fairness, and strengthen privacy protections in FL, this study also explores fairness evaluation metrics, relevant applications, and associated challenges of FFL. Addressing bias, fairness, and privacy concerns across all mechanisms serves as a valuable resource for practitioners aiming to develop efficient FL solutions.
The Use of Asbestos and Its Consequences: An Assessment of Environmental Impacts and Public Health Risks
Authors: Curado António , Nunes Leonel J. R. , Carvalho Arlete , Abrantes João , Lima Eduarda , Tomé Mário
Published: November 2024

The use of asbestos, once celebrated for its versatility and fire-resistant properties, has left a lasting legacy of environmental degradation and public health risks. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impacts and health risks associated with asbestos, highlighting its widespread use, environmental persistence, and adverse effects on human health. Through a literature review, this study examines the historical context of asbestos use, its adverse environmental effects and the mechanisms by which exposure to asbestos poses significant health risks, including the development of asbestos-related diseases such as mesothelioma, lung cancer, asbestosis, etc. It also assesses the current regulatory framework and provides a methodological analysis of the strategy for recycling end-of-life materials containing asbestos fibers, proposing the inclusion of asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) in the rock wool industry to reduce Greenhouse Gasses (GHG) emissions. Drawing on interdisciplinary insights from environmental science, public health, and regulatory analysis, this paper concludes with recommendations for improving asbestos management strategies, promoting safer alternatives and mitigating the long-term environmental and human health impacts of asbestos.
Combined Use of Univariate and Multivariate Approaches to Detect Selection Signatures Associated with Milk or Meat Production in Cattle
Authors: Congiu Michele , Cesarani Alberto , Falchi Laura , Macciotta Nicolò Pietro Paolo , Dimauro Corrado
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic structure of the cattle breeds selected for meat and milk production and to identify selection signatures between them. Methods: A total of 391 animals genotyped at 41,258 SNPs and belonging to nine breeds were considered: Angus (N = 62), Charolais (46), Hereford (31), Limousin (44), and Piedmontese (24), clustered in the Meat group, and Brown Swiss (42), Holstein (63), Jersey (49), and Montbéliarde (30), clustered in the Milk group. The population stratification was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), whereas selection signatures were identified by univariate (Wright fixation index, FST) and multivariate (canonical discriminant analysis, CDA) approaches. Markers with FST values larger than three standard deviations from the chromosomal mean were considered interesting. Attention was focused on markers selected by both techniques. Results: A total of 10 SNPs located on seven different chromosomes (7, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, and 24) were identified. Close to these SNPs (±250 kb), 165 QTL and 51 genes were found. The QTL were grouped in 45 different terms, of which three were significant (Bonferroni correction < 0.05): milk fat content, tenderness score, and length of productive life. Moreover, genes mainly associated with milk production, immunity and environmental adaptation, and reproduction were mapped close to the common SNPs. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggest that the combined use of univariate and multivariate approaches can help to better identify selection signatures due to directional selection.
Bloody Transformations: Reinventing the Werewolf Through Explorations of Gender and Power in the Ginger Snaps Trilogy
Authors: Kenny Megan
Published: November 2024

The wolf has stalked human society for centuries, becoming a figure of fear and reverence. It is unsurprising that such a figure would infiltrate culture via folklore, myth, and legend, most notably in the form of the werewolf. A review of historical references reveals that the figure of the ‘she-wolf’ also shadows human culture, providing an outlet for fears around women’s power, desire, and sexuality. As storytelling has shifted from oral traditions to cinematic portrayals, the she-wolf has been left to the sidelines. This paper seeks to explore how the Ginger Snaps trilogy (2000–2004) reset this imbalance, providing three distinct narratives centered on the female werewolf, intertwining the stories of the Fitzgerald sisters and their lycanthropic transformation. This trilogy served to reinvent the stereotype of the werewolf, using traditional lycanthropic tropes to explore issues of feminine monstrosity, the painful transitory period of adolescence, and enduring social anxieties under patriarchal societies. This paper argues that the Ginger Snaps trilogy is an integral set of texts for understanding how the werewolf motif has transitioned into contemporary society and how it continues to act as a release point for wider social anxieties.
Paid Domestic Work and Depressive Symptoms in Mexico: Results of a National Health Survey
Authors: Guerra Germán , Quezada-Sánchez Amado D. , Burton-Jeangros Claudine , Júarez-García Arturo , Flahault Antoine , Salgado de Snyder Nelly
Published: November 2024

Paid domestic work (PDW) is an important source of employment for the global female workforce. It is frequently performed under precarious working conditions and occupational risks that are often associated with depressive symptoms (DSs). Although 10% (2.2 million) of Mexican working women are paid domestic workers (PDWs), their mental health has remained understudied. This article analyzes the occurrence and factors associated with DSs in a sample of Mexican workers segmented into six workforce groups, including PDWs. A three-stage statistical analysis was performed on national health survey data from Mexico (ENSANUT 2012): 1. Tabulation of inferential statistics; 2. Multiple logistic regression modeling of DSs; 3. Postestimation of DSs prevalence. Our findings suggest a context of social disadvantages based on gender, education, and labor market segregation that manifests in PDWs having the highest adjusted prevalence of DSs (14.1%, 95%CI = 9.7–18.4). Significant differences in prevalence were observed when compared with other workforce groups, such as formal employees. Among working women, after adjusting for relevant covariates, the odds of DSs were higher among PDWs as compared with formal employees (OR = 1.65, 95%CI = 1.04–2.61). Ongoing efforts for PDW formalization should be maintained in Mexico as an employment policy and mechanism to achieve PDWs’ social well-being and mental health.
Cost-Effectiveness of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Progressive Keratoconus: A Brazilian Unified Health System Perspective
Authors: Hansen Lucca Ortolan , Garcia Renato , Torricelli André Augusto Miranda , Bechara Samir Jacob
Published: November 2024

Keratoconus is a burden to health systems and patients worldwide. Corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) treatment has been shown abroad to be cost-effective for treating progressive keratoconus. However, no cost-effectiveness studies have been performed in Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) compared with the conventional treatment for progressive keratoconus from the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) payer’s perspective. A lifetime microsimulation model was utilized to compare the lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years for patients undergoing corneal collagen CXL or conventional treatment. Two groups of 5000 18-year-old patients were simulated, with one group receiving corneal CXL at the outset and the control group remaining untreated. The TreeAge Pro Healthcare 2024 software was used for modeling and analysis. Corneal collagen CXL demonstrated superior cost-effectiveness compared to the conventional treatment, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 58.26 USD/quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained (95% CI: 58.17–58.36) and a positive incremental net monetary benefit of USD 11,613.82 (95% CI: 11,605.66–11,621.99). CXL significantly reduced the number of required corneal transplants, with a mean of 968.8 (95% CI: 959–978.58) fewer transplants per 10,000 eyes treated. The variable with the most significant impact on the incremental net monetary benefit was the duration of the CXL effect. This study concluded that corneal CXL is a highly cost-effective intervention for progressive keratoconus within the Brazilian SUS. These findings advocate for broader accessibility to this vision-saving treatment within the SUS.
Concepts Towards Nation-Wide Individual Tree Data and Virtual Forests
Authors: Hyyppä Matti , Turppa Tuomas , Hyyti Heikki , Yu Xiaowei , Handolin Hannu , Kukko Antero , Hyyppä Juha , Virtanen Juho-Pekka
Published: November 2024

Individual tree data could offer potential uses for both forestry and landscape visualization but has not yet been realized on a large scale. Relying on 5 points/m2 Finnish national laser scanning, we present the design and implementation of a system for producing, storing, distributing, querying, and viewing individual tree data, both in a web browser and in a game engine-mediated interactive 3D visualization, “virtual forest”. In our experiment, 3896 km2 of airborne laser scanning point clouds were processed for individual tree detection, resulting in over 100 million trees detected, but the developed technical infrastructure allows for containing 10+ billion trees (a rough number of log-sized trees in Finland) to be visualized in the same system. About 92% of trees wider than 20 cm in diameter at breast height (corresponding to industrial log-size trees) were detected using national laser scanning data. Obtained relative RMSE for height, diameter, volume, and biomass (stored above-ground carbon) at individual tree levels were 4.5%, 16.9%, 30.2%, and 29.0%, respectively. The obtained RMSE and bias are low enough for operational forestry and add value over current area-based inventories. By combining the single-tree data with open GIS datasets, a 3D virtual forest was produced automatically. A comparison against georeferenced panoramic images was performed to assess the verisimilitude of the virtual scenes, with the best results obtained from sparse grown forests on sites with clear landmarks. Both the online viewer and 3D virtual forest can be used for improved decision-making in multifunctional forestry. Based on the work, individual tree inventory is expected to become operational in Finland in 2026 as part of the third national laser scanning program.
Adaptation of High-Altitude Plants to Harsh Environments: Application of Phenotypic-Variation-Related Methods and Multi-Omics Techniques
Authors: Zhang Kai-Lu , Leng Ya-Nan , Hao Rui-Rui , Zhang Wen-Yao , Li Hong-Fei , Chen Mo-Xian , Zhu Fu-Yuan
Published: November 2024

High-altitude plants face extreme environments such as low temperature, low oxygen, low nutrient levels, and strong ultraviolet radiation, causing them to adopt complex adaptation mechanisms. Phenotypic variation is the core manifestation of ecological adaptation and evolution. Many plants have developed a series of adaptive strategies through long-term natural selection and evolution, enabling them to survive and reproduce under such harsh conditions. This article reviews the techniques and methods used in recent years to study the adaptive evolution of high-altitude plants, including transplantation techniques, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics techniques, and their applications in high-altitude plant adaptive evolution. Transplantation technology focuses on phenotypic variation, which refers to natural variations in morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, exploring their key roles in nutrient utilization, photosynthesis optimization, and stress-resistance protection. Multiple omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have revealed genes, regulatory pathways, and metabolic networks associated with phenotypic variations at the genetic and molecular levels. At the same time, the limitations and deficiencies of current technologies used to study plant adaptation to high-altitude environments were discussed. In addition, we propose future improvements to existing technologies and advocate for the integration of different technologies at multiple levels to study the molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to high-altitude environments, thus providing insights for future research in this field.
Increased Leptin Levels in Plasma and Serum in Patients with Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hernández-Díaz Yazmín , de los Ángeles Ovando-Almeida María , Fresán Ana , Juárez-Rojop Isela Esther , Genis-Mendoza Alma Delia , Nicolini Humberto , González-Castro Thelma Beatriz , Tovilla-Zárate Carlos Alfonso , López-Narváez María Lilia
Published: November 2024

A large number of studies have reported the relationships between leptin levels and diabetes or obesity. However, the results are still controversial, and no consensus has been reached. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to collect data from various databases to perform a meta-analysis and address the inconsistencies in these studies. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO for relevant available articles. The pooled standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to estimate the association by a meta-analysis. Fifteen reports with 1,388 cases and 3,536 controls were chosen for the meta-analysis. First, an increase in leptin levels in serum (SMD 0.69; 95% CI 0.36–1.02 ng/mL) and plasma (SMD 0.46; 95% CI 0.18–0.74 ng/mL) was observed in individuals with diabetes compared to controls. This increased level was also observed by gender and population. Second, statistical analysis showed that leptin levels in serum were significantly increased in individuals with obesity (SMD 1.03; 95% CI 0.72–1.34 ng/mL). This meta-analysis analyzed leptin in individuals with diabetes or obesity and emphasized the importance of monitoring serum/plasma leptin levels in patients with these diseases. However, more comprehensive studies are necessary in order to draw firm conclusions.
Pangenome-Wide Association Study in the Chlamydiaceae Family Reveals Key Evolutionary Aspects of Their Relationship with Their Hosts
Authors: Salgado-Morales Rosalba , Barba-Xochipa Karla , Martínez-Ocampo Fernando , Dantán-González Edgar , Hernández-Mendoza Armando , Quiterio-Trenado Manuel , Rodríguez-Santiago Magdalena , Rivera-Ramírez Abraham
Published: November 2024

The Chlamydiaceae are a family of obligate intracellular bacteria known for their unique biphasic developmental cycle. Chlamydial are associated with various host organisms, including humans, and have been proposed as emerging pathogens. Genomic studies have significantly enhanced our understanding of chlamydial biology, host adaptation, and evolutionary processes. In this study, we conducted a complete pangenome association analysis (pan-GWAS) using 101 genomes from the Chlamydiaceae family to identify differentially represented genes in Chlamydia and Chlamydophila, revealing their distinct evolutionary strategies for interacting with eukaryotic hosts. Our analysis identified 289 genes with differential abundance between the two clades: 129 showed a strong association with Chlamydia and 160 with Chlamydophila. Most genes in Chlamydia were related to the type III secretion system, while Chlamydophila genes corresponded to various functional categories, including translation, replication, transport, and metabolism. These findings suggest that Chlamydia has developed a high dependence on mammalian cells for replication, facilitated by a complex T3SS for intracellular manipulation. In contrast, the metabolic and functional diversity in Chlamydophila allows it to colonize a broad range of hosts, such as birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals, making it a less specialized clade.
Positive Effects of Argon Inhalation After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats
Authors: Antonova Viktoriya V. , Silachev Denis N. , Plotnikov Egor Y. , Pevzner Irina B. , Ivanov Mikhail E. , Boeva Ekaterina A. , Kalabushev Sergey N. , Yadgarov Mikhail Ya. , Cherpakov Rostislav A. , Grebenchikov Oleg A. , Kuzovlev Artem N.
Published: November 2024

The noble gas argon is one of the most promising neuroprotective agents for hypoxic-reperfusion injuries of the brain. However, its effect on traumatic injuries has been insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the triple inhalation of the argon-oxygen mixture Ar 70%/O2 30% on physical and neurological recovery and the degree of brain damage after traumatic brain injury and to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect. The experiments were performed in male Wistar rats. A controlled brain injury model was used to investigate the effects of argon treatment and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results of the study showed that animals with craniocerebral injuries that were treated with argon inhalation exhibited better physical recovery rates, better neurological status, and less brain damage. Argon treatment significantly reduced the expression of the proinflammatory markers TNFα and CD68 caused by TBI, increased the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT), and promoted the expression of the transcription factor Nrf2 in intact animals. Treatment with an argon-oxygen breathing mixture after traumatic brain injury has a neuroprotective effect by suppressing the inflammatory response and activating the antioxidant and anti-ischemic system.
Solarplast® Demonstrates Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Activity In Vivo and Positively Modulates Perceived Anti-Ageing Quality of Life Questionnaire and Skin Analogue Scale
Authors: Rea Kieran , Inarejos-Garcia Antonio M. , Guilera Bermell Sonia , Garcia Bou Reme , Olusoga Yinka , Deaton John
Published: November 2024

Solarplast® is an organic, non-GMO (genetically modified organism) dietary supplement from an enzymatically treated spinach preparation containing numerous active components that exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 45-day supplementation period in adult men and women (Total n = 84), some of whom were classified as “everyday smokers”. The main outcomes include metabolic readouts, oxidative stress, inflammation, and secondary subjective assessments, including skin, physical, and mental health questionnaires. Solarplast® attenuated some markers associated with smoking-induced increases in inflammatory tone and oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, Solarplast® administration improved anti-ageing quality of life mental scores associated with depression-related symptoms, loss of self-confidence, and some anxiety-related symptoms and exhibited positive effects in some readouts of anti-ageing quality of life physical scores and skin visual analogue scores. In summary, Solarplast® is safe, well-tolerated, may reduce circulating inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and may positively impact some mental and physical quality-of-life parameters as well as skin quality.
The Role of Glutamate Metabolism and the GABA Shunt in Bypassing the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in the Light
Authors: Eprintsev Alexander T. , Anokhina Galina B. , Shakhov Zakhar N. , Moskvina Polina P. , Igamberdiev Abir U.
Published: November 2024

Glutamate is an essential amino acid in both the energy and biosynthetic processes in plant cells. The aim of this work was to study changes in glutamate metabolism upon irradiation of maize (Zea mays L.) leaves with light of different spectral compositions, as well as to identify mechanisms regulating the work of enzymes involved in the studied process. A study was conducted of light-induced changes in glutamate metabolism in maize leaves, mediated by redirecting the glutamate flow to the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt. Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was more active in darkness, and the irradiation by red light inhibited the expression of both the Gdh1 and Gdh2 genes. EGTA and ruthenium red abolished the effects of light, indicating the participation of Ca2+ ions in phytochrome signal transduction. Contrary to GDH, glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity was moderately higher in the light, stimulated by red light, while far-red light reversed the effect. The effect of light on Gad expression was more pronounced than on GAD activity. Irradiation by red light also resulted in the increase in activity of GABA transaminase (GTA), which was abolished by far-red light. The third enzyme of the GABA shunt, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH), was also activated by light. The effect of light on the expression of Ssadh1, but not on Ssadh2, was phytochrome-dependent. It is concluded that irradiation by light shifts glutamate metabolism from GDH to GAD with the activation of GABA transaminase and SSADH. This suggests that the GABA pathway plays a role in the maintenance of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the light via bypassing its reactions when the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is inhibited and the cycle switches to the open mode.
Predictive Modeling of Water Level in the San Juan River Using Hybrid Neural Networks Integrated with Kalman Smoothing Methods
Authors: Renteria-Mena Jackson B. , Giraldo Eduardo
Published: November 2024

This study presents an innovative approach to predicting the water level in the San Juan River, Chocó, Colombia, by implementing two hybrid models: nonlinear auto-regressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) and long short-term memory (LSTM). These models combine artificial neural networks with smoothing techniques, including the exponential, Savitzky–Golay, and Rauch–Tung–Striebel (RTS) smoothing filters, with the aim of improving the accuracy of hydrological predictions. Given the high rainfall in the region, the San Juan River experiences significant fluctuations in its water levels, which presents a challenge for accurate prediction. The models were trained using historical data, and various smoothing techniques were applied to optimize data quality and reduce noise. The effectiveness of the models was evaluated using standard regression metrics, such as Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE), in addition to Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE). The results show that the combination of neural networks with smoothing filters, especially the RTS filter and smoothed Kalman filter, provided the most accurate predictions, outperforming traditional methods. This research has important implications for water resource management and flood prevention in vulnerable areas such as Chocó. The implementation of these hybrid models will allow local authorities to anticipate changes in water levels and plan preventive measures more effectively, thus reducing the risk of damage from extreme events. In summary, this study establishes a solid foundation for future research in water level prediction, highlighting the importance of integrating advanced technologies in water resources management.
Spätzle Regulates Developmental and Immune Trade-Offs Induced by Bacillus thuringiensis Priming in Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Authors: Li Pengju , Zhang He , Tan Anran , Hu Zhuolin , Peng Lu , Hou Youming
Published: November 2024

The red palm weevil (RPW) is an invasive pest that causes devastating damage to a variety of palm plants, which exhibit specific immune priming to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). However, immune priming in RPW may incur a high fitness cost, and its molecular signaling pathways have not yet been reported. Here, we investigated the effect of Bt priming on RPW development and subsequently analyzed the hormonal and immune-related molecular pathways influencing the fitness cost induced by Bt priming. Bt priming delayed the body weight gain of fifth-instar larvae and prolonged their developmental duration. Bt priming significantly reduced the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) content in RPW hemolymph, and the expression levels of the 20E biosynthesis-related genes SHADOW and SHADE were significantly downregulated. Furthermore, we analyzed Toll pathway genes influencing Bt priming and found that only Spätzle (SPZ) transcription was significantly activated under Bt priming. After silencing SPZ expression, the negative effects of Bt priming on development, SHADOW expression, and 20E synthesis were eliminated, thereby suggesting that SPZ is a key molecular signal mediating developmental and immune trade-offs induced by Bt priming. Our results elucidate the molecular cascade pathway of immune priming and provide new targets for improving the efficiency of RPW biological controls.
Parasitoids of Insect Pests Feeding on Scaevola taccada (Goodeniaceae) from Yongxing Island in South China Sea
Authors: Chen Huayan , van Achterberg Cornelis , Li Yang , Liu Zhen , Wang Jun , Luo Shixiao
Published: November 2024

Scaevola taccada (Goodeniaceae) is an important evergreen coastal plant on islands in the South China Sea, which shows excellent tolerance for salty and drought conditions. Nevertheless, the growth of S. taccada populations on these islands in the South China Sea has been threatened by a few serious insect pests. However, we know little about the biology of these pests. In this study, we surveyed and identified the parasitoids of two main pests (Herpetogramma submarginale (Swinhoe, 1901) and Ophiomyia scaevolana Shiao and Wu, 1996) of S. taccada communities on Yongxing Island in the South China Sea, with the aim to assess their potential in biological control. Dolichogenidea stantoni (Ashmead, 1904) is a gregarious endoparasitoid of the larva of H. submarginale and contributes an average 48.9% parasitism rate on H. submarginale. Opius biroi, Fischer, 1960 and Euderus albitarsis (Zetterstedt, 1838) are both solitary endoparasitoids of the larva of O. scaevolana, with a respective 5.8% and 64.4% parasitism rate on O. scaevolana. We summarize the species diagnosis, biology, and distribution of the three parasitoid species. The potential of these parasitoids used in biological control is also discussed.
Acetamiprid Exposure Disrupts Gut Microbiota in Adult and Larval Worker Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Su Yuchen , Shi Jingliang , Hu Yueyang , Liu Jianhui , Wu Xiaobo
Published: November 2024

Acetamiprid is a third-generation neonicotinoid insecticide that is now widely employed for the protection of crops grown in outdoor environments. This is because it is considerably less toxic to pollinating insects than other neonicotinoids. Previous studies have shown that acetamiprid has direct physiological effects on adult and larval bees. However, its effects on the potentially healthy gut microbiota of honeybees have not been fully elucidated. To further investigate the effects, adult and larval worker honeybees were exposed to sucrose solutions containing acetamiprid at concentrations of 0, 5, and 25 mg/L for a period of 7 days (adults) and 4 days (larvae). The results showed that acetamiprid exposure significantly disrupted the honeybees’ intestinal microbiota. In adults, acetamiprid exposure led to a significant increase in the relative abundance of Commensalibacter, while the Bifidobacterium and Gilliamella levels decreased. In larvae, we observed significant changes in the microbial composition, notably a marked reduction in Bombella. Further analysis demonstrated that alterations in the gut microbiota of honeybee larvae were associated with disturbances in metabolic pathways that regulate energy metabolism and neurometabolism. These results suggest that acetamiprid affects bee health not only through direct physiological effects, but also through changes in the gut microbiota, which in turn affect the metabolic and immune function of bees. This study underscores the need to evaluate pesticides’ risks from a microbiological standpoint and offers crucial insights into how acetamiprid impacts bee health by modifying the gut microbiota. These insights support the more comprehensive assessment of acetamiprid and similar pesticides regarding bee health.
Orthopedic Devices for Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Treatment in Growing Patients: A Comparative Effectiveness Systematic Review
Authors: Inchingolo Angelo Michele , Inchingolo Alessio Danilo , Trilli Irma , Ferrante Laura , Di Noia Angela , de Ruvo Elisabetta , Palermo Andrea , Inchingolo Francesco , Dipalma Gianna
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Skeletal Class III malocclusion (Cl III) presents a significant orthodontic challenge, particularly in growing patients, requiring interceptive treatment to achieve effective functional and aesthetic correction. This review aims to compare various orthopedic devices and therapeutic protocols used in Cl III correction, identifying the most effective options in an interceptive context. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published between 1 January 2003, and 19 July 2023. Inclusion criteria included English language, human studies, open access, and studies addressing Cl III correction with interceptive orthopedic devices. Results: Exclusions included in vitro, animal, off-topic studies, reviews, meta-analyses, and articles in languages other than English. After removing duplicates, 30 articles were selected from a total of 1193 results. Conclusions: The application of orthopedic devices in growing patients can lead to rapid improvement of Cl III malocclusion, although each device has specific effects on the surrounding skeletal structure.
The Effect of the Cheneau Brace on Respiratory Function in Girls with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Participating in a Schroth Exercise Program
Authors: Badowska Anna , Okrzymowska Paulina , Piatek-Krzywicka Elzbieta , Ostrowska Bozena , Rozek-Piechura Krystyna
Published: November 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of brace use application and the Schroth intervention on lung ventilation and respiratory muscle strength in patients treated long-term with a Chaneau brace and the Schroth method. Methods: A total of 26 post-menarche females aged 15.7 ± 1.5 years, with a Cobb angle of 18–48° and a diagnosis of AIS in inpatient rehabilitation were examined. All participants received brace treatment for a minimum of 3 months with a dosage of 20–22 h/day. This study protocol was performed three times: 1—brace intervention—first day of the present study; 2—without the brace—second day of the present study; and 3—Schroth intervention on the same day. Results: During the period of brace use, girls treated with a long-term therapy showed significantly reduced values for VC, FVC, and FEV1 and significantly higher values for inspiratory muscle strength PImax compared to values obtained in studies without the brace and after single exercises. Expiratory muscle strength did not differ significantly. Conclusions: The majority showed restrictive lung ventilation disorders and decreased respiratory muscle strength in relation to norms. There was a significant correlation of PImax with the duration of wearing the brace and the duration of therapy.
Machine Learning-Based Cardiac Output Estimation Using Photoplethysmography in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Callejas Pastor Cecilia A. , Oh Chahyun , Hong Boohwi , Ku Yunseo
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Hemodynamic monitoring is crucial for managing critically ill patients and those undergoing major surgeries. Cardiac output (CO) is an essential marker for diagnosing hemodynamic deterioration and guiding interventions. The gold standard thermodilution method for measuring CO is invasive, prompting a search for non-invasive alternatives. This pilot study aimed to develop a non-invasive algorithm for classifying the cardiac index (CI) into low and non-low categories using finger photoplethysmography (PPG) and a machine learning model. Methods: PPG and continuous thermodilution CO data were collected from patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The dataset underwent preprocessing, and features were extracted and selected using the Relief algorithm. A CatBoost machine learning model was trained and evaluated using a validation and testing phase approach. Results: The developed model achieved an accuracy of 89.42% in the validation phase and 87.57% in the testing phase. Performance was balanced across low and non-low CO categories, demonstrating robust classification capabilities. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of machine learning and non-invasive PPG for accurate CO classification. The proposed method could enhance patient safety and comfort in critical care and surgical settings by providing a non-invasive alternative to traditional invasive CO monitoring techniques. Further research is needed to validate these findings in larger, diverse patient populations and clinical scenarios.
Inflammatory Markers Significantly Increased in Patients Treated with Obinotuzumab for Lymphoproliferative Diseases
Authors: Gawronski Krzysztof , Hussein Nadia , Rzepecki Piotr
Published: November 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the behaviors of inflammatory markers, such as procalcitonin and C-reactive protein (CRP), during treatment with obinotuzumab (an anti-CD20 antibody). Methods: Our non-randomized observational study prospectively evaluated a cohort of 22 adult patients with lymphoproliferative neoplasms, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and follicular lymphoma (FL) with indications for obinotuzumab therapy. Results: All patients had their blood drawn to determine blood counts, CRP, and procalcitonin, as well as body temperature measurements and blood cultures performed for bacterial infections on day 0 before administration of the anti-CD20 antibody. Subsequently, on days 1 to 7 after administration, blood was drawn daily at a fixed time of 8:00 a.m. for blood counts and CRP and PCT values, and blood cultures were performed. In addition, on days 1 to 7, body temperature was measured at fixed times (i.e., 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m.). In all of these patients, significant increases in inflammatory markers, such as CRP and procalcitonin, were observed shortly after drug infusion. There was a statistically significant change in the serum PCT concentration (p < 0.0001), which significantly increased on days 1 to 4 compared to the initial measurement 0. Conclusions: The increases in inflammatory markers shortly after obinotuzumab (anti-CD20 antibody) administration can be significantly high but are most often not related to the onset of infection and do not lead to any ill consequences in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disease.
Feasibility and Safety of Flush Endovenous Thermal Ablation of the Great Saphenous Vein with Consecutive Foam Sclerotherapy of Saphenofemoral Junction Tributaries: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Jun Jooeun , Yoon Myunghee , Jung Hyukjae , Jun Heejae
Published: November 2024

Background: Blood flow from the saphenofemoral junction(SFJ) tributaries may cause recurrence of varicose veins. Flush occlusion is defined as the total occlusion of the great saphenous vein(GSV) right to the saphenofemoral junction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of flush endovenous thermal ablation with saphenofemoral junction tributary occlusion. Method: Between January 2019 and December 2022, 722 patients (total of 1273 limbs) were diagnosed with chronic vein insufficiency by one surgeon at a single center. Result: Of the 722 patients, 476 (65.9%) were female and 246 (34.1%) were male. Of the 1273 limbs, endovenous laser ablation(EVLA) was performed in 609 limbs and radiofrequency ablation(RFA) in 664 limbs. Of the 1273 limbs, the recurrence rate was 3.69% (n = 47), the development of endovenous heat-induced thromboembolism(EHIT) was 0.31% (n = 4), and neovascularization was 1.49% (n = 19). Conclusions: Flush endovenous thermal ablation was an effective method for decreasing recurrence without inducing endovenous heat-induced thromboembolism. Consecutive foam sclerotherapy for saphenofemoral junction tributaries may be feasible for reducing the recurrence of varicose veins.