bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Hopelessness and Some Variables on Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Çevik Durmaz Yadigar , Menekli Tuğba , Ersoy Özcan Berna
Published: December 2021

This is a descriptive study conducted to determine the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in Schizophrenia patients and identify the effects of hopelessness and some variables on MetS. The study was conducted at the Psychiatry Clinic of a university hospital in Turkey between May and August 2020 with 105 schizophrenia patients receiving treatment as inpatients. The data of the study were collected by a Personal Information Form, a Physiological Measurements Form and (BHS). The data were analyzed by using SPSS 25. The mean age of the patients was 35.31 ± 9.07, their mean duration of disease was 11.35 ± 9.07 years, and 60.0% of the patients were using atypical antipsychotics as their latest drug treatment. 42.9% of the patients had MetS, while the mean hopelessness level of those with MetS was 10.84 ± 3.81. It was determined that hopelessness levels and some sociodemographic (age) and clinical variables significantly predicted the MetS status in the schizophrenia patients.
Urbanization, the Youth, and Protest: A Cross-National Analysis
Authors: Sawyer Patrick S. , Romanov Daniil M. , Slav Maxim , Korotayev Andrey V.
Published: December 2021

Demographic changes associated with the transformation from traditional to advanced economies are the basis for many of today’s theories of violent and non-violent protest formation. Both levels of urbanization and the size of the “youth bulge” have shown to be reliable measures for predicting protest events in a country. As these two processes result from modernization, it seems logical to hypothesize that the combined effect of the rise in urbanization and the increase in the youth population, urban youth bulge, would be a more relevant predictor for protests. Our tests on cross-national time-series data from 1950 to 2010 for 98 countries reveal that the combined effect of the two forces is an important predictor of anti-government protests. It may seem that the role of the urban youth bulge would appear to be an issue of the past as in more recent decades the proportion of the urban youth tends to decline in most countries of the world. However, this factor tends to be very relevant for many developing countries where both youth bulges have been growing for several decades and the general urban population is on the rise.
Evaluating Reliability of Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science: A Study of Faculty in U.S. Advertising and Public Relations Programs
Authors: Rodgers Shelly , Zhang Weilu
Published: December 2021

Reliability of Google Scholar (GS), Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) is examined using publications and citations of 186 scholars in 14 U.S. advertising and public relations (ADPR) programs. Career duration is controlled, and an integrated impact (II) index is proposed as a practical solution. Results suggest there are trade-offs between the uncertainty of GS’s search parameters for more inclusive coverage and the curated collections of Scopus and WoS that might undercount some influential authors or works. To further demonstrate the discipline’s value, we must pay more attention to rigor and accuracy of methods that will lead to improved outcomes.
Clinical and Economic Impact of Pharmacists’ Intervention on Care of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Patients
Authors: Kim Hyun Jee , Lee Sunghee , Lee Yu Jin , Kim Sunghwan , Jo Yun Hee , Cho Yoon-Sook , An Hong Yul , Hong Kyung Taek , Choi Jung Yoon , Kang Hyoung Jin , Shin Hee Young , Lee Ju-Yeun
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Children with cancer may be one of the most vulnerable groups to drug-related adverse events because they possess characteristics of patients with cancer as well as pediatric patients. To evaluate the clinical and economic impact of pharmacists’ intervention on the care of pediatric hematology and oncology patients in the inpatient and outpatient settings of a children's hospital.

Methods

The pharmacist-intervention records from 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Intervention rate, type of drug-related problems, acceptance rate, and frequently involved drugs in pharmacist interventions were analyzed. One physician and one pharmacist evaluated the clinical significance of each intervention. A cost-benefit analysis was conducted from hospital and patient perspective. The benefit from cost savings by reducing the number of prescribed drugs that are disposed was estimated as the benefit from hospital perspective. The benefit from cost avoidance based on the potential to avoid an adverse drug event (ADE) was estimated as the benefit from patient perspective. The cost of reviewing prescriptions was estimated based on the pharmacists’ salary and the time involved.

Results

In 2017, 2361 interventions were performed in 381 pediatric patients with cancer. The acceptance rate was 97.2%. More than half of the interventions were regarded as clinically “significant” (58.8%) and “very significant” (14.6%). The cost-benefit of US$28,705 was determined from hospital perspective, with a cost-benefit ratio of 1.45:1. The cost-benefit of US$35,611 was calculated from patient perspective, with a cost-benefit ratio of 1.55:1.

Conclusions

Pharmacists’ intervention in the care of hematology and oncology pediatric patients was effective in preventing clinically significant ADEs and had a positive economic impact on the health-care budget from both hospital and patient perspective.
Expression of Programmed Cell Death-L1 (PD-L1) Protein and Mismatch Repair Mutations in Orbital Tumours-a Pilot Study
Authors: AlSemari Mohammad A , Strianese Diego , Abu Safieh Leen , Al Hussain Hailah , Abedalthagafi Malak , Edward Deepak P.
Published: December 2021

Purpose

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency play an important role in tumour progression and response to treatment. Both markers have been studied in some ocular tumours but little is known about these markers in orbital tumours. This pilot study reports on PD-L1 expression and MMR mutations using next generation sequencing (NGS) in specific orbital tumours.

Methods

We reviewed surgical specimens from patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and biopsy negative tissue from orbital tumours used as a control. immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue using a PD-L1 antibody. DNA was extracted for targeted gene panel NGS of the MMR genes PMS2, MLH1, MSH6 and MSH2.

Results

The study included 17 orbital specimens. Scattered membrane PD-L1 staining was noted in 3/6 rhabdomyosarcoma specimens without an accompanying lymphocytic infiltrate. PD-L1 immunostaining was absent in 3/3 ACC, and 5/6 PA specimens. PD-L1 immunostaining was not detected in 2/2 control specimens. 4/17 samples shared the same pathogenic mutation in the MLH1 gene, including 3/6 rhabdomyosarcoma and 1/3 ACC samples. 1/6 PA samples had a mutation in MSH6.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated scattered, non-quantifiable or absent PD-L1 staining in a limited sample of orbital tumours suggesting that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy may not be useful in treatment of malignant orbital tumours (rhabdomyosarcoma and ACC) when refractory to conventional therapy. Our pilot study suggest that PD-L1/MMR axis might not play a major role in the pathogenesis of primary orbital tumour.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Symptoms after Successful Dacryocystorhinostomy for Patients with Lacrimal Passage Obstruction
Authors: Jin Yu , Guo Yining , Liu Yushi , Wang Yuexin , Qin Guijuan , Tian Yanjie , Li Xuemin
Published: December 2021

Purpose

To investigate the prevalence of dry eye symptoms after successful dacryocystorhinostomy and explore the potential risk factors.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 565 patients with lacrimal passage obstruction (LPO) who underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) total score of 13 or more was regarded as presence of dry eye symptoms. OSDI total score greater than 22 combined with self-reported dry eye was defined as symptomatic dry eye. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to examine the associations between OSDI scores and its potentially predictive factors.

Results

Of the 565 patients, 344 completed the questionnaire, among which 101(29.4%) patients presented with dry eye symptoms, including 53(15.4%) mild, 14(4.1%) moderate and 34(9.9%) severe, and 48(14.0%) patients can be defined as symptomatic dry eye. Univariate logistic regression revealed that age, educational levels, income levels, and hypertension were significantly correlated with the presence of dry eye symptoms ( P < 0.05). After multivariate adjustment, lower income levels were found significantly associated with dry eye symptoms ( P < 0.05). Univariate linear regression demonstrated that age, lower educational levels, surgery history, and hypertension were significantly associated with OSDI total score ( P = 0.037, 0.012, 0.022, 0.029 respectively). Multivariate stepwise linear regression manifested that educational levels and the surgery history influenced the OSDI total score mostly ( P = 0.021, 0.036 respectively).

Conclusions

Dry eye problem of LPO patients after successful dacryocystorhinostomy cannot be ignored. In the preoperative evaluation, we should pay special attention to the elderly patients with lower educational levels, lower income levels or systemic diseases.
Visual Evoked Potentials in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Hernandez Fustes Otto Jesus , Kay Cláudia S K , Lorenzoni Paulo José , Ducci Renata D-P , Werneck Lineu C , Scola Rosana Herminia
Published: December 2021

Background

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are rare antibody-mediated disorders of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the spinal cord and optic nerves. The clinical utility of evoked potential recordings (EPs) has already been established for multiple sclerosis, in particular, that of the abnormal visual evoked potentials (VEP), a key criterion in the McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS. However, there have been few reports on EPs in patients with NMOSD.

AIM

The aim of our study was to assess the possible involvement of the optical pathway through VEP responses in patients with NMOSD.

Methods

VEPs were prospectively performed in 13 patients with NMOSD. All the patients were recruited from the outpatient clinic of a demyelinating diseases center. The recording was done as recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.

Results

We evaluated the eyes of 12 women with a mean age of 42 years and of one man who was 25 years old. In 6 of the examined eye samples, a response was not obtained, while in the remaining 20 eye samples, we found a significant increase in P100 latency without amplitude change.

Conclusion

VEPs showed a significant increase in P100 latency. VEP assessment is a non-invasive, painless, fast, and low-cost exam that provides neurophysiological data for diagnosis of NMOSD.
MOG-antibody-associated longitudinal extensive myelitis after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination
Authors: Dams Larissa , Kraemer Markus , Becker Jana
Published: December 2021

This case report describes a 59-year-old man with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-positive longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) after being vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. He presented with urinary retention, gait disturbance, hypoesthesia and brisk reflexes in his lower extremities without paresis. Due to the ineffectiveness of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone, therapeutic plasma exchange was performed, gradually improving the patient’s condition. Vaccination as a trigger for an excessive immunological response seems plausible, though unspecific for the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine.
Do religious identity and media messages join forces? Young Dutch Muslims’ identification management strategies in the Netherlands
Authors: Geurts Nella , van Klingeren Marijn
Published: December 2021

This study investigates, using an experimental study, the consequences of negative and positive media messages on young Muslims by gaining insight into who, and under which circumstances, engages in certain collective or individual identity-management strategies. Based on Social Identity Theory (SIT) and previous literature, we expect that negative and more positive media messages moderate the relationship between the degree of identification with the religious group and the application of identity-management strategies. Factor analyses illustrate the presence of at least three types of strategies: collective-fight strategies (meaning one is willing to fight for the group), collective flight-strategies (that entail no change of the status quo) and individual strategies (strategies that solely benefit the individual). Contributions are made empirically and theoretically. Empirically, we measure and group all proposed identity-management strategies based on our findings among the same research population. Theoretically, we hypothesise about how both negative and positive media messages condition the role of religious saliency for Muslims’ identity-management strategies. Results from a survey-embedded experiment among Dutch Moroccan and Turkish Muslims show that high identifiers are more likely to apply fight strategies, and less likely to apply individual strategies (in line with SIT). Regardless of tone, exposure to messages mentioning Muslims make the application of fight strategies more likely among high identifiers. Meanwhile lower identifiers feel a reduced need for change when exposed to more positive messages. These insights in the (mutual) role of religious identification and media messages shed new light on how media messages can bring about group distances, intergroup conflicts and intragroup cohesion and provide a stepping-stone for future research to further insight in the systemic and long-term implications thereof.
Mapping and countermapping shifting borders
Authors: Sager Alexander
Published: December 2021

Ayelet Shachar's The Shifting Border deploys a powerful map metaphor to support rethinking of borders and their functions. I interrogate this metaphor, developing some of the representational, constructive, and normative functions of maps, along with their connections to legal mechanisms for decoupling migration from territory. I survey three responses to the extra-territorialization of migration: a cynical response that rejects the possibility of migration justice, an abolitionist response connected to open borders, and a revisionist response that advocates for widescale institutional reform. The revisionist response illuminates how Shachar's essay challenges us to reflect on what sorts of maps and accompanying social and political organizations would best support migrant justice.
Is It What You Know or Who You Know?: An Information Typology of How First-Generation College Students Access Campus Resources
Authors: Grim Jeffrey K. , Bausch Emma , Hussain Adan , Lonn Steven
Published: December 2021

While there has been increased investigation of the enrollment patterns and access to college for first-generation college students (FGCS), less is understood about how FGCS learn and utilize vital information to persist with limited familial knowledge about college success. In this paper we utilize focus group data of 62 diverse FGCS to create a typology of how students utilize information to succeed in college. Using theory from sociology and information sciences we categorize the sources FGCS learn from and how information is utilized. Our findings indicate that FGCS develop complex ways of finding information even with minimal support and those information sources that are most helpful are often connected to pre-existing and informal relationships. We conclude by offering implications for future research on FGCS student success and opportunities for administrators to incorporate information-finding and relationship-building concepts into student success practice.
A Scoping Review of Human Trafficking Screening and Response
Authors: Macy Rebecca J. , Klein L. B. , Shuck Corey A. , Rizo Cynthia Fraga , Van Deinse Tonya B. , Wretman Christopher J. , Luo Jia
Published: December 2021

Service providers are increasingly asked to identify individuals who are experiencing trafficking and to connect them with resources and support. Nonetheless, identification is complicated by the reality that those who are experiencing trafficking may rarely self-identify, and providers may fail to identify individuals who are experiencing trafficking due to lack of guidance on how to screen for trafficking capably and sensitively. With the aim of guiding practice, we undertook a scoping review to search for and synthesize trafficking screening tools and response protocols. Following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), we located 22 screening tools contained in 26 sources. We included any documents that described or tested human trafficking screening tools, screening or identification protocols, response protocols, or guidelines that were published in any year. All documents were abstracted using a standardized form. Key findings showed that most tools were developed by practice-based and non-governmental organizations located in the U.S. and were administered in the U.S. Few screening tools have been rigorously evaluated. The common types of screening questions and prompts included (a) work conditions; (b) living conditions; (c) physical health; (d) travel, immigration, and movement; (e) appearance and presentation; (f) mental health, trauma, and substance abuse; (g) associations and possessions; and (h) arrests and prior involvement with law enforcement. We were not able to locate specific response protocols that provided step-by-step guidance. Nonetheless, the review revealed available practice-based and research-based evidence to help inform guidance concerning how screening and identification of human trafficking may be administered.
Discordance Between Satisfaction and Health Literacy Among Spanish-Speaking Patients with Limited English-Proficiency Seeking Emergency Department Care
Authors: Villalona Seiichi , Castañeda Heide , Wilson Jason W. , Romero-Daza Nancy , Yanez Yuncosa Mery , Jeannot Christian
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The emergency department (ED) is one clinical setting where issues pertaining to health communication uniquely manifest themselves on a daily basis. This pilot study sought to understand satisfaction with care, perceptions of medical staff concern, awareness, and comprehension of medical care among Spanish-speaking patients with limited English-language proficiency (LEP). Methods: A two-phase, mixed-methods approach was employed among Spanish-speaking patients with LEP that presented to an ED in West Central Florida. The prospective phase consisted of semistructured interviews ( n = 25). The retrospective phase analyzed existing patient satisfaction data collected at the study site ( n = 4,940). Results: Content analysis revealed several linguistic barriers among this patient population including limited individual autonomy, self-blame for being unable to effectively articulate concerns, and lack of clarity in understanding follow-up care plans. Retrospective analysis suggested differences between responses from Spanish-speaking patients when compared with their English-speaking counterparts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest discordance between satisfaction and health literacy in this unique patient population. Although high satisfaction was reported, this appeared to be secondary to comprehension of follow-up care instructions.
Cerebellar Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis: Considerations for Research and Rehabilitation Therapy
Authors: Edwards Erin M. , Fritz Nora E. , Therrien Amanda S.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Cerebellar pathology is common among persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The cerebellum is well recognized for its role in motor control and motor learning and cerebellar pathology in multiple sclerosis is associated with enhanced motor impairment and disability progression. The Problem. To mitigate motor disability progression, PwMS are commonly prescribed exercise and task-specific rehabilitation training. Yet, whether cerebellar dysfunction differentially affects rehabilitation outcomes in this population remains unknown. Furthermore, we lack rehabilitation interventions targeting cerebellar dysfunction. The Solution. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the impact of cerebellar dysfunction on motor control, motor training, and rehabilitation in persons with multiple sclerosis. Recommendations. Additionally, we highlight critical knowledge gaps and propose that these guide future research studying cerebellar dysfunction in persons with multiple sclerosis.
The impact of obesity on perioperative and postoperative outcomes after elective endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Gurkan Selami , Gur Ozcan , Sahin Ayhan , Donbaloglu Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Background

Obesity is a common and growing health problem in vascular surgery patients, as it is in all patient groups. Evidence regarding body mass index (BMI) on endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) outcomes is not clear in the literature. We aimed to determine the impact of obesity on perioperative and midterm outcomes of elective EVAR between obese and non-obese patients.

Methods

Under a retrospective study design, a total of 120 patients (109 males, 11 females, mean age: 74.45 ± 8.59 (53–92 years)) undergoing elective EVAR between June 2012 and May 2020 were reviewed. Patients were stratified into two groups: obese (defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (mean BMI < 30 kg/m2 (32.25 ± 1.07 kg/m2 vs 25.85 ± 2.69 kg/m2)).

Results

Of the 120 patients included in the study, 81 (67.5%) were defined as “nonobese,” while 39 (32.5%) were obese. The mean BMI of the study group was 27.93 ± 3.78 kg/m2. In obese patients, the procedure time, fluoroscopy time, and dose area product (DAP) values were longer than those of non-obese patients: 89.74 ± 20.54 vs 79.69 ± 28.77 min ( p = 0.035), 33.23 ± 10.14 vs 38.17 ± 8.61 min ( p = 0.01) and 133.69 ± 58.17 vs 232.56 ± 51.87 Gy.cm2 ( p < 0.001). Although there was no difference in sac shrinkage at 12-month follow-up, there was a significant decrease at 6-month follow-up in both groups ( p = 0.017). Endoleak occurred in 17.9% ( n = 7) of the obese group versus 11.1% ( n = 9) of the non-obese group ( p = 0.302). Iliac branch occlusion developed in four patients, 3 (3.7%) in the non-obese group and 1 (2.6%) in the obese group ( p = 0.608). The all-cause mortality rate was slightly higher in the obese group; however, it did not differ between the groups ( p = 0.463).

Conclusion

In addition to the longer procedure times, fluoroscopy times, and DAP values in obese patients, regardless of obesity, significant sac shrinkage in the first 6 months of follow-up was observed in both groups. No difference was documented with regards to mortality or morbidity following EVAR.
How small-sided games’ court dimensions affect tactical-technical behavior in beginner volleyball athletes
Authors: Jorge Rodrigues Marcelo Couto , Rodrigues Rocha Augusto Cezar , Barbosa Lira Claudio Andre , Figueiredo Lucas Savassi , Vilela Lima Cláudio Olívio , Laporta Lorenzo , De Conti Teixeira Costa Gustavo
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To compare the tactical-technical behavior of volleyball players according to the manipulation of court size in small-sided games. Method: We analyzed the tactical-technical behaviors of 16 male players (12.2  ±  0.5 years and 1.2  ±  0.8 years of practice) using the components of the GPAI instrument (Adjustment, efficiency, decision-making and effectiveness) validated for volleyball. To this end, we examined 1614 transition actions (defense, setting and attack) from games played in four court dimensions (3.0 × 3.0m, 4.0 × 4.0m, 4.6 × 4.6m and 5.2 × 5.2m). Altogether 96 Volleyball games were analyzed. Results: The smaller area per player favored technical skills development, specifically defensive and offensive ones. On the other hand, a larger area per player promoted higher scores in decision-making and effectiveness. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the players’ behaviors in small-sided games depend on the game configurations, since modifications in the tactical-technical behavior emanate from the game ecology. Thus, the court size manipulation is a powerful pedagogical tool that deeply relates to learning outcomes. Coaches must consider such constraints in the teaching-learning process, since small-sided games manipulations should be linked with clear learning goals.
The Addition of a Krackow Rip Stop Suture Augment After Achilles Tendon Debridement for Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Kelsey LT Thomas J. , Mombell LT Kyle W. , Fellars CDR Todd A.
Published: December 2021

Background

In the operative treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy, the Achilles tendon is often released from its insertion to allow for adequate debridement of pathologic tissue. The use of a double row suture anchor construct has become increasingly favorable among surgeons after Achilles tendon debridement. This study hypothesized that the addition of a Krackow rip stop suture augment to the double row suture anchor construct would increase the repair’s maximum load to failure. A biomechanically stronger repair would potentially decrease the risk of catastrophic failure with early weight-bearing or accidental forced dorsiflexion after operative management for insertional Achilles tendinopathy.

Methods

Fourteen cadaveric specimens were used to compare the 2 repair techniques. Achilles tendons were debrided and repaired using either a double row suture anchor with and without the additional Krackow rip stop suture augment. The 2 repair techniques were compared using an axial-torsion testing system to measure average load to failure.

Results

The average load to failure for the double row suture anchor repair alone was 152.00 N. The average load to failure for the tendons with the double row suture anchor with the Krackow rip stop augment was 383.08 N. An independent-samples Mann-Whitney U-test was conducted and the suture anchor plus Krackow augment group had a significantly higher load to failure ( P = .011, Mann-Whitney U = 5.00, n1 = n2 = 7, P < .05, 2-tailed).

Conclusion

This study confirmed that the addition of a Krakow rip stop augment to the double row suture anchor is able to increase the maximum load to failure when compared to the double row suture anchor alone. These results suggest the potential of this added technique to decrease the risk of catastrophic failure.
Biometric identity systems in law enforcement and the politics of (voice) recognition: The case of SiiP
Authors: Jansen Fieke , Sánchez-Monedero Javier , Dencik Lina
Published: December 2021

Biometric identity systems are now a prominent feature of contemporary law enforcement, including in Europe. Often advanced on the premise of efficiency and accuracy, they have also been the subject of significant controversy. Much attention has focussed on longer-standing biometric data collection, such as finger-printing and facial recognition, foregrounding concerns with the impact such technologies can have on the nature of policing and fundamental human rights. Less researched is the growing use of voice recognition in law enforcement. This paper examines the case of the recent Speaker Identification Integrated Project, a European wide initiative to create the first international and interoperable database of voice biometrics, now the third largest biometric database at Interpol. Drawing on Freedom of Information requests, interviews and public documentation, we outline the emergence and features of SiiP and explore how voice is recognised and attributed meaning. We understand Speaker Identification Integrated Project as constituting a particular ‘regime of recognition’ premised on the use of soft biometrics (age, language, accent and gender) to disembed voice in order to optimise for difference. This, in turn, has implications for the nature and scope of law enforcement, people's position in society, and justice concerns more broadly.
Machine Anthropology: A View from International Relations
Authors: Adler-Nissen Rebecca , Eggeling Kristin Anabel , Wangen Patrice
Published: December 2021

International relations are made up of thick layers of meaning and big streams of data. How can we capture the nuances and scales of increasingly digitalised world politics, taking advantage of the possibilities that come with ‘big data’ and ‘digital methods’ in our discipline of International Relations (IR)? What is needed, we argue, is a methodological twin-move of making big data thick and thick data big. Taking diplomacy, one of IR's core practices as our case, we illustrate how anthropological and computational approaches can be merged in IR research. We report from our experiences with the project DIPLOFACE: Diplomatic Face-Work between Confidential Negotiations and Public Display, investigating how digital communication technologies influence both the study and conduct of age-old and traditionally analogue practices of inter-state diplomacy.
Virtual reality to promote wellbeing in persons with dementia: A scoping review
Authors: Appel Lora , Ali Suad , Narag Tanya , Mozeson Krystyna , Pasat Zain , Orchanian-Cheff Ani , Campos Jennifer L
Published: December 2021

Virtual Reality (VR) technologies have increasingly been considered potentially valuable tools in dementia-related research and could serve as non-pharmacological therapy to improve quality of life (QoL) and wellbeing for persons with dementia (PwD). In this scoping review, we summarize peer-reviewed articles published up to Jan-21, 2021, on the use of VR to promote wellbeing in PwD. Eighteen manuscripts (reporting on 19 studies) met the inclusion criteria, with a majority published in the past 2 years. Two reviewers independently coded the articles regarding A) intended clinical outcomes and effectiveness of the interventions, B) study sample (characteristics of the participants), C) intervention administration (by whom, what setting), D) experimental methods (design/instruments), and E) technical properties of the VR-systems (hardware/devices and software/content). Emotional outcomes were by far the most common objectives of the interventions, reported in seventeen (89.5%) of the included articles. Outcomes addressing social engagement and personhood in PwD have not been thoroughly explored using VR. Based on the positive impact of VR, future opportunities lie in identifying special features and customization of the hardware/software to afford the most benefit to different sub-groups of the target population. Overall, this review found that VR represents a promising tool for promoting wellbeing in PwD, with positive or neutral impact reported on emotional, social, and functional aspects of wellbeing.
Mutual trust is a prerequisite for nurses’ sense of safety and work satisfaction – Mobile Integrated Care Model: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Hovlin Lina , Gillsjö Catharina , Dahl Aslan Anna K. , Hallgren Jenny
Published: December 2021

An increasing number of older persons have complex health care needs. This, along with the organizational principle of remaining at home, emphasizes the need to develop collaborations among organizations caring for older persons. A health care model developed in Sweden, the Mobile Integrated Care Model aims to promote work in teams across organizations. The aim of the study was to describe nurses’ experiences in working and providing health care in the Mobile Integrated Care Model in the home with home health care physicians. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 nurses and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The method was compliant with the COREQ checklist. A mutually trusting collaboration with physicians, which formed person-centered care, created work satisfaction for the nurses. Working within the Mobile Integrated Care Model was negatively impacted by being employed by different organizations, lack of time to provide health care, and physicians’ person-centered work abilities.
Diagnostic performance of digital breast tomosynthesis for predicting response to neoadjuvant systemic therapy in breast cancer patients: A comparison with magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and full-field digital mammography
Authors: Murakami Ryusuke , Tani Hitomi , Kumita Shinichiro , Uchiyama Nachiko
Published: December 2021

Background

The goals of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) are to reduce tumor volume and to provide a prognostic indicator in assessing treatment response. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) was developed and has increased interest in clinical settings due to its higher sensitivity for breast cancer detection compared to full-field digital mammography (FFDM).

Purpose

To evaluate the accuracy of DBT in assessing response to NST compared to FFDM, ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in breast cancer patients.

Material and Methods

In this retrospective study, 95 stages II–III breast cancer patients undergoing NST and subsequent surgeries were enrolled. After NST, the longest diameter of residual tumor measured by DBT, FFDM, US, and MRI was compared with pathology. Agreements and correlations of tumor size were assessed, and the diagnostic performance for predicting pathologic complete response (pCR) was evaluated.

Results

Mean residual tumor size after NST was 19.9 mm for DBT, 18.7 mm for FFDM, 16.0 mm for US, and 18.4 mm for MRI, compared with 17.9 mm on pathology. DBT and MRI correlated better with pathology than that of FFDM and US. The ICC values were 0.85, 0.87, 0.74, and 0.77, respectively. Twenty-five patients (26.3%) achieved pCR after NST. For predicting pCR, area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for DBT, FFDM, US, and MRI were 0.79, 0.66, 0.68, and 0.77, respectively.

Conclusion

DBT has good correlation with histopathology for measuring residual tumor size after NST. DBT was comparable to MRI in assessing tumor response after completion of NST.
Natural killer cell deficiency experiences higher risk of sepsis after critical intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Feng Yu , Wu Qian , Zhang Tingbao , Chen Jincao , Wu Xiaohui
Published: December 2021

Background: Lymphopenia is common in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and may predispose to severe infections such as sepsis. However, what specific kind of lymphocytes subsets decreases is still unclear. We investigated the impact of lymphocytes subsets on post-critical ICH infections and mortality.

Methods: Consecutive ICH patients (admitted to a single center between January 2017 and January 2018) were prospectively assessed to evaluate the following main parameters: peripheral blood lymphocytes, infections, and clinical scores. Predicting factors of sepsis were measured using multivariate Logistic regressions analysis. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was performed to compare the mortality between septic and nonseptic patients. Survival status was evaluated by multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results: In total, 112 critical ICH cases were enrolled including 29 septic patients. Total counts of lymphocytes decreased accordingly with reduced lymphocyte subsets, especially natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+T lymphocytes after ICH. Septic patients had a higher incidence of pneumonia, a longer length of stay, higher 90-day mortality, and worse long-term outcomes. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed venous catheterization, high APACHE-II score (>15), low GCS score (3–5), and NK cells percentages on admission were independently associated with ensuing sepsis. After sepsis, the percentages of CD4+T and NK cells percentages decreased, CD8+T cells increased followed by a significantly decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. Bloodstream infection alone directly affected the survival status of patients with sepsis.

Conclusions: Critical ICH patients underwent immune dysfunction and NK cells deficiency could favor nosocomial threatening sepsis after ICH.
Splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells highly expressed PD-1 and Tim-3 in cirrhotic patients with HCV infection and portal hypertension
Authors: Huang Na , Zhou Rui , Chen Haiyan , Zhang Shu , Li Jun , Wei Wei , Sun Jin , Ren Song , Li Baohua , Deng Hong , Yang Jun , Ji Fanpu , Li Zongfang
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The spleen plays an important role in regulating the immune response to infectious pathogens. T-cells dysfunction and exhaustion have been reported in patients with hepatitis B/C virus (HBV/HCV) infection, which contributes to persistent virus infection. The aims of this study were to investigate spleen-related evidence of immunosuppression and immune tolerance in HCV cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension (PH). Methods: The expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) and its ligand PD-L1/2, and Galectin-9 in the spleens and livers of HCV cirrhotic patients ( n = 15) was analyzed using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of PD-1 and Tim-3 on splenic T-cells and the peripheral blood T-cells before and after splenectomy ( n = 8). Results: Spleens from patients with PH showed significantly increased mRNA levels of PD-L2, Tim-3, Galectin-9, CD80, and CD86, and decreased levels of CD28 compared to control spleens (spleens removed due to traumatic injury) (all p < 0.05). Additionally, protein expression of inhibitory signaling molecules was significantly increased in both the spleens and livers of cirrhotic patients compared with controls (all p < 0.05). Peripheral blood and splenic CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells also expressed higher protein levels of PD-1, Tim-3, and CTLA-4 in cirrhotic patients as compared with healthy controls (all p < 0.05). The proportion of PD-1+CD4+T lymphocytes (26.2% ± 7.12% vs. 21.0% ± 9.14%, p = 0.0293) and Tim-3+CD8+ T lymphocytes (9.4% ± 3.04% vs. 6.0% ± 2.24%, p = 0.0175) in peripheral blood decreased followed splenectomy. Conclusion: The CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in spleen and peripheral blood highly expressed PD-1 and Tim-3 in HCV-infected and cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. Highly expressed PD-1 and Tim-3 in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes can be partly reversed following splenectomy.
Intralesional cryotherapy with triamcinolone and onabotulinumtoxinA injections for umbilical keloid: A case report
Authors: Tran Jennifer VH , Lultschik Shantel DJ , Sapra Sheetal , Dong Kevin , Gusic Klaudija , Goldstein Matthew
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Keloid scars are therapeutically challenging and although many treatment options exist, there are no specific guidelines, and few reports have discussed keloids in the umbilical region.

Methods

Here, we present a successful treatment of a 31-year-old female with a history of a recurrent keloid in the umbilical region. The keloid was treated using intralesional cryotherapy followed by intralesional onabotulinumtoxinA and triamcinolone acetonide injections.

Discussion

The patient expressed high satisfaction, minimal side effects, and no recurrence.

Conclusion

Overall, due to the low rate of side effects, high patient satisfaction, and absence of recurrence, this treatment modality should be considered as an option for umbilical keloids.

Lay Summary

Background to subject: Keloids are a type of scar that are difficult to treat. There are many treatment options available, but there is no single best treatment for keloids that form around the belly button region. Question being asked: Is intralesional cryotherapy with intralesional onabotulinumtoxinA and triamcinolone acetonide injections effective at treating keloids in the belly button region? How the work was conducted: We treated a 31-year-old female with a keloid around the belly button region that returned after prior treatment. The keloid was treated using combination therapy of freezing the keloid from the inside out, which is called intralesional cryotherapy. This was followed by two types of injections, called onabotulinumtoxinA and triamcinolone acetonide, directly into the keloid. What we learned: Overall, due to the low rate of side effects, high patient satisfaction and the keloid not returning, this treatment plan should be considered as an option for keloids in the belly button region. What we did not learn: This treatment may or may not be effective and safe for all patients of all skin types and demographics as this treatment was performed for only one patient.
“I Don’t let These Felonies Hold me Back!”: How Street-Identified Black Men and Women Use Resilience to Radically Reframe Reentry
Authors: Payne Yasser A. , Brown Tara M.
Published: December 2021

This street participatory action research project trained 15 local residents to document a community sample of street-identified Black men and women’s (ages 18–35 years) experiences with reentry in two low-income Black neighborhoods. The following multi-method data were collected: (a) 520 surveys; (b) 24 individual interviews; (c) four dual interviews; and (d) three group interviews. Descriptive and univariate analysis of variance analysis revealed most participants as a function of gender and age-groups held positive attitudes toward reentry, overall; positive attitudes toward returning citizens; negative attitudes toward reentry programs; and negative attitudes toward the reentry process. Qualitative analysis suggested negative experiences with reentry were the result of a racialized structural violence complex; and strategies employed to navigate reentry included legal and illegal approaches. Also, short and long-term goals with reentry were generally achieved through enduring major bouts of unemployment, economic poverty, and low-wage work.
Análisis musical aplicado a la interpretación como estrategia de práctica instrumental
Authors: Muñoz Silvia Tripiana , González Marta Vela
Published: December 2021

Esta investigación pretende estudiar la implementación de la estrategia de análisis , comprensión e interiorización armónico-formal como propuesta de práctica en 30 estudiantes del Conservatorio Superior de Música de Aragón de 16 especialidades instrumentales diferentes. Se llevó a cabo una metodología observacional y un diseño ideográfico, multidimensional y de seguimiento en el tiempo, con el formato de campo como instrumento de observación. Para el análisis de datos se recurrió a la detección de T-Patterns mediante el programa THÈME. Como resultado se evidencia que, en todas las ocasiones en las que se ha practicado la estrategia de análisis, se ha logrado obtener una interpretación musical resultante satisfactoria para el instrumentista.
Las bandas de música y la educación popular en España: la Academia de Educandos de la Municipal de Málaga (SS. XIX y XX)
Authors: Cruz María del Carmen Aragú , Zúñiga Francisco Martín
Published: December 2021

Este estudio tiene como finalidad, en primer lugar, analizar la contribución de las bandas de música al fomento de la educación musical en un país, España, donde, por desgracia, ésta se ha menospreciado tanto. Posteriormente, abordamos una historia inédita de la Banda Municipal de Málaga en la que destacamos, más que su papel amenizando actos públicos, su labor en el fomento de la enseñanza de la música. Esa vertiente formativa se consolida a raíz de la creación de la Academia de Educandos por el Reglamento de 1913, siendo, precisamente, uno de los objetivos fundamentales del presente trabajo el estudio de aquella con respecto a su organización docente, enseñanzas que impartía y papel que desempeñó en la promoción social de muchos niños y niñas de clases populares de Málaga ofreciendo, en muchos casos, una salida profesional.
Pervivencias de la historiografía decimonónica en los manuales escolares de educación musical primaria
Authors: Marín-Liébana Pablo , Nicolás Ana María Botella
Published: December 2021

Los libros de texto constituyen uno de los principales objetos de estudio de la historia de la educación en tanto que depositarios de la ideología del grupo del que emanan y reflejo de los significados que configuran la cultura escolar. Durante las últimas décadas, ha surgido un gran número de trabajos que abordan los discursos presentes en los manuales escolares. En especial, se ha desarrollado en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales una línea de investigación con entidad propia dedicada al estudio de los modelos historiográficos que reflejan los libros de texto. Este artículo presenta un estudio sobre la pervivencia de dos modelos historiográficos decimonónicos, el formalista y el nacionalista, en los libros de texto de educación musical primaria. Para ello, se han analizado 985 piezas musicales pertenecientes a 15 libros de texto. Los resultados indican una presencia predominante de música folklórico-tradicional local, y de autores y piezas pertenecientes al repertorio de la música clásico-romántica.
Estrategias para la transformación de conflictos con el tiempo en el aula de música: Un estudio desde la voz de los docentes
Authors: Vaamonde-Sánchez Romary , Arriaga-Sanz Cristina , Cabedo-Mas Alberto
Published: December 2021

Durante los últimos años en España se han transformado las condiciones laborales del profesorado de música. En este escenario, surge la necesidad de estudiar los retos que afrontan los maestros de música de educación primaria con la gestión del tiempo. Los múltiples cambios en el contexto educativo han impactado en las vidas cotidianas de los docentes y, por tanto, en el desarrollo de estrategias didácticas para la transformación de conflictos y la adaptación de los requerimientos académicos y contenidos curriculares a los cambios sociales y culturales.

El presente estudio busca, por un lado, describir estrategias que los docentes de música articulan para la transformación de los conflictos que surgen con la gestión del tiempo y, por otro, identificar posibilidades que ofrecen para desarrollar actividades musicales innovadoras y creativas.

Con este fin, se realizaron 20 entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes de música de escuelas primarias de la Comunidad Valenciana y el País Vasco. Los resultados permiten explorar el potencial de las estrategias que el profesorado lleva a cabo desde sus experiencias cotidianas para gestionar los retos en relación con el tiempo a los que se enfrentan en su labor profesional y metodologías alternativas en la enseñanza de la música que permitan, entre otras, diseñar e implementar actividades orientadas a hacer uso de la música como una herramienta para la educación en valores.
Rethinking Teaching Team-Based Learning: The Challenges and Strategies for Medical Education in a Pandemic
Authors: Li Yun , Sears Nicholas A. , Murray Ian V. J. , Yadav Kamlesh K.
Published: December 2021

The medical education system in the United States has gone through a rapid transition to emergency remote teaching as a consequence of the COVID 19 pandemic. For the Engineering Medicine (EnMed) track of the College of Medicine at Texas A&M University, the most challenging aspects are the transition from in-class team-based learning (TBL) to online sessions and virtual facilitation with an interdisciplinary group of faculties. This article outlines the TBL format used in the EnMed curriculum, along with challenges in delivery, student perspective, and strategies for transitioning existing TBL online.