bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Development, Power and Distributional Effects:The Case of Acid Rain in The Netherlands
Authors: Dietz F. , Van der Straaten J.
Published: October 2021

In this paper the pitfalls and barriers will be investigated when authorities have the intention to operationalize sustainability. It will be demonstrated that even the concept itself is accompanied by many difficulties. First, it is not sure which level of pollution and which use of resources are possible to meet the sustainability goal. Secondly, confronted with environmental measures, polluting economic sectors become aware of the fact that carrying capacity of nature is limited and that they have to reduce their claims on nature and the environment. Given the limits on the use of ecosystems, problems arise over how the limited possibilities to use ecosystems must be distributed.
Ecological Change and Distribution in Southern African Rangelands
Authors: Arntzen J.
Published: October 2021

This article examines the ecological changes occurring in southern African range-lands-how such changes affect rangeland uses, and what the distributional consequences may be. There can be little doubt that rangeland ecosystems undergo rapid change, especially in terms of vegetation and fauna and to a lesser extent of erosion. Such changes are associated with the trend towards single-sector (livestock) rangeland use with adverse impacts on hunting and gathering. The poor are worst affected because degradation increases their risks – given the limited adaptation options at their disposal-and reduces their livelihood security. For a proper understanding of rangelands, a holistic approach covering all major uses and resources, is needed. Total sustainable productivity per hectare and per household become key parameters for sustainable rangeland management.
Rethinking the Allocation Problem and the Underlying Image of Man that Supports It
Authors: Mischel Kenneth
Published: October 2021

This paper calls into question the adequacy of the metaphor that the institutions endemic to a society form a social contract, conformed to and created by autonomous individuals for the sake of mutual benefit, as a basis upon which to build understandings of institutions and their change. A counterexample to Demsetz’s theory of the development of property rights, a pillar of the “new” institutional economics and exemplar of the use of the metaphor, is developed. Assessment of the metaphor has been hampered by the lack of a common framework and a common language, within the context of which discussion between its supporters and critics might fruitfully proceed. Accordingly, the case against the metaphor is made while adopting the assumptions, terminology and methods of those who typically support it.
Working But Poor: A Cross-National Comparison of Earnings Adequacy
Authors: O’Connor Inge , Smeeding Timothy M.
Published: October 2021

This paper compares the ability of prime-age, able-bodies workers in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Sweden, and the Netherlands to keep themselves and their households out of poverty by working. The authors look at poverty rates based only on the head’s earnings they then include the earnings of all members of the household. In both cases, many households with a head who works full-year, full-time remain in poverty, though more do when the head works less than full-year, full time. The earnings of heads can be supplemented by the earnings of spouse and others, and also by public sector tax and transfer policy. In particular, the effectiveness of the tax and transfer system in supplementing earnings varies across countries. Work is found to be an important strategy for avoiding poverty.
Recession and Recovery: Men’s Earnings Through the 1980’s
Authors: Beach C. M. , Slotsve G. A.
Published: October 2021

This paper examines changes in the distribution of men’s earnings over 1979-1990. The paper employs two recent methodological innovations regarding distributional inferences: social welfare ranking criteria based on stochastic dominance principles and statistical inference procedures. The relative importance of cyclical versus trend factors over the 1980s is identified. Using annual CPS microdata, it is found that (1) we can rank in terms of social welfare changes each year’s change in earnings distribution based simply on first-order stochastic dominance with a significant reduction in social welfare judged to have occurred over the decade; (2) highly significant trend and cyclical effects are identified with separate polarizing effects on the earnings distribution; and (3) while cyclical effects are quite dramatic toward the lower end of the distribution (and among the less educated and young workers), a marked trend emerges over the entire distribution that indicated progressively widening skill differentials.
Dimensions of Labor Market Change in Canada:
Intersectoral Shifts, Jobs, and Worker Turnover
Authors: Baldwin J. , Gorecki P. K.
Published: October 2021

This paper examines different aspects of labor market change. Three separate measures of change are used to examine respectively the extent of employment shifts among industries; job change measures that capture the extent of employment growth and decline as a result of changes in producer employment levels; the size of worker separations. When change is measured as the employment lost from manufacturing industries that decline in size between 1970 and 1979, the degree of reallocation is found to be relatively small. In contrast, job growth and decline at the producer level shifts large amounts, even in the long run. Over the period 1970 to 1981, about 3.6 percent of manufacturing jobs were lost annually due to the decline of producers. The largest amount of change is found when worker separations are measured. Between 1978 and 1986, the number of permanent separations was, on average, equal to more than 20 percent of the number of people holding jobs in the manufacturing sector.
The National American Gini Coefficient and Regional Costs of Living Differences
Authors: Buss J. A.
Published: October 2021

One criticism of the methodology used by the U.S. Census Bureau to estimate the official Gini coefficient is that the underlying income data are not adjusted to account for regional differences in the cost of living. In this study such adjustments are made to the 1970-1987 income data. These adjusted income figures are then incorporated into the Fei-Ranis-Kuo model. The new estimates of the Gini coefficient are not significantly different from those published by the Census Bureau. Thus, the Census Bureau’s failure to take regional costs of living differences into account does not distort the national Gini coefficient.
The Early Marginalists and the Transformation of Distribution Theory
Authors: Baum S.
Published: October 2021

This paper examines the roles of Jevons, Menger and Walras in transforming distribution theory from the analysis of a social issue into a subset of general price theory. The relegation of social and distributional questions to a separate, overtly normative branch of study, combined with abstract theoretical support for the optimality of market systems, in a long-term derailment of the socio-economic analysis of distribution. The work of the early marginalists had the unintended result of setting an influential precedent for the removal of distribution theory from its social and historical context.
Bioresonance therapy may treat depression
Authors: Muresan Daniela ,   Doctoral School of George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania, Salcudean Andreea ,   Department of Ethics and Social Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania, Sabau Daniela Claudia ,   Psychiatric Clinic 1, Mures County Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania, Bodo Cristina Raluca ,   Psychiatric Clinic 2, Mures County Hospital, Targu-Mures, Romania, Grecu Iosif Gabos ,   Department of Psychiatry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Targu-Mures, Romania
Published: October 2021

The aim of the study was to evaluate if bioresonance therapy can offer quantifiable results in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder and with mild, moderate, or severe depressive episodes by decreasing the level of depression due to the application of bioresonance therapy as independently or complementary treatment. The study included 140 patients suffering from depression, divided into three groups. The first group (40 patients) received solely bioresonance therapy, the second group (40 patients) received pharmacological treatment with antidepressants combined with bioresonance therapy, and the third group (60 patients) received solely pharmacological treatment with antidepressants. The assessment of depression was made using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, with 17 items, at the beginning of the bioresonance treatment and the end of the five weeks of treatment, aiming to decrease the level of depression. The study identified the existence of a statistically significant difference for the treatment methods applied to the analyzed groups (p=0.0001), and we found that the therapy accelerates the healing process in patients with depressive disorders. Improvement was observed for the analyzed groups, with a decrease of the mean values between the initial and final phase of the level of depression, of delta for Hamilton score of 3.1, 3.8 and 2.3, respectively. We concluded that the bioresonance therapy could be useful in the treatment of recurrent major depressive disorder with moderate depressive episodes independently or as a complementary therapy to antidepressants.
Acute esophageal necrosis following kidney transplantation
Authors: Kroner Paul Thomas ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, United States of America, Chirila Razvan ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Florida, United States of America, Purcarea Monica Roxana ,   Department of Nephrology, Carol Davila Clinical Nephrology Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Tribus Laura ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Bucharest Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   * Corresponding Author: Laura Tribus, MD, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest 169, Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, Romania. Phone: +40745105155 E-mail: ltribusro@yahoo.com, Michel Wadei Hani ,   Department of Transplant Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, United States of America
Published: October 2021

We are reporting a case of spontaneous acute esophageal necrosis “black esophagus” of unclear etiology in a kidney transplant recipient. A patient with end-stage renal disease due to IgA nephropathy received a deceased-donor kidney transplant. The surgical procedure was uneventful, without hemodynamic instability. He was started on alemtuzumab for immunosuppression induction followed by maintenance immunosuppression with intravenous methylprednisolone for 3 days, then oral prednisone, mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus (a target level between 8 and 10ng/ml) daily. On postoperative day (POD) 3, the patient started to develop significant gastro-intestinal symptoms: epigastric pain, dysphagia, odynophagia, eructation, pyrosis, nausea, and regurgitation of food contents. He was diagnosed with esophageal necrosis by upper endoscopy on postoperative day 4. We describe a successful treatment with supportive therapy and complete recovery despite receiving immunosuppressive therapy. To our knowledge, this case is one of the few reported cases of esophageal necrosis in kidney transplant recipients and the first case that was not associated with clinical risk factors.
A novel histopathological grading system for ganglioglioma
Authors: Lisievici Antonia Carmen ,   Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Pathology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania,   Department of Pathology, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, Pasov Diana ,   Department of Pathology, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Georgescu Tiberiu-Augustin ,   Department of Pathology, National Institute for Mother and Child Health Alessandrescu-Rusescu, Bucharest, Romania,   *Corresponding Author: Tiberiu Augustin Georgescu, Assistant Professor, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Avenue, District 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania. Phone: +40721468622 E-mail: tiberiuaugustin.georgescu@gmail.com, Lisievici Mihai Gheorghe ,   Department of Pathology, Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Sajin Maria
Published: October 2021

Gangliogliomas are central nervous system tumors located in the temporal lobe of young patients, frequently associated with epilepsy. In this paper, we propose a grading system based solely on histopathological criteria. We reevaluated all cases of ganglioglioma, atypical ganglioglioma, and anaplastic ganglioglioma diagnosed between 2011 and 2020 in the Pathology Department of the Emergency Clinical Hospital Bagdasar-Arseni, based on the type of glial mitoses, the number of neuronal and glial mitoses, presence of necrosis, microvascular proliferation, eosinophilic granular bodies, hypercellularity, presence and disposition of inflammatory infiltrate and atypical pleomorphism. Based on the proposed grading system, a score of 0–4 corresponded to a benign ganglioglioma, 5–9 to an atypical ganglioglioma, and 10–18 to an anaplastic ganglioglioma. The survival rates were 90% for benign ganglioglioma, 71.43% for atypical ganglioglioma, and 62.54% for anaplastic ganglioglioma. One case of benign ganglioglioma underwent a malignant transformation into anaplastic ganglioglioma, and recurrences were noticed in 28.57% of atypical ganglioglioma cases and 30.7% of all anaplastic gangliogliomas. The presence of rare glial mitoses and hypercellularity was correlated with mortality in cases of atypical ganglioglioma. We believe this histopathological scoring system could be used as a three-tier system to identify atypical ganglioglioma cases that are bound to have an aggressive course of evolution and require close follow-up. The other option would be to convert it to a two-tier grading system that can separate low-grade gangliogliomas from high-grade ones. The latter category can encompass both atypical and anaplastic ganglioglioma due to the high mortality of both entities.
Reflexión sobre la ética del terapeuta ocupacional: un deber social
Authors: Trujillo Rojas Alicia
Published: October 2021

Esta presentación examina tres asuntos: la ética como concepto y como actuación; los agentes responsables de la formación ética, y los factores que obligan a insistir en la práctica de la ética durante el ejercicio de la Terapia Ocupacional en Colombia. Para terminar, se proponen temas tendientes a iniciar el debate ético por parte de la comunidad de Terapia Ocupacional.
Implicaciones de la ética para los terapeutas ocupacionales
Authors: López Díaz Carolina , Perozo Molina Andrea María
Published: October 2021

La edad moderna ha traído consigo el confort, los computadores, las tarjetas de crédito, los avances científicos, las telecomunicaciones, la rapidez, la velocidad de la información, la facilidad de las cosas a corto plazo, el ya, el momento y el ahora.
La Terapia Ocupacional en el marco de la seguridad social en salud
Authors: García Ruiz Alix Solángel
Published: October 2021

Este documento contiene algunas reflexiones acerca del quehacer profesional del terapeuta ocupacional. Se presentan las políticas en salud, la seguridad social en salud en Colombia y algunas implicaciones de la Terapia Ocupacional y la seguridad social en salud.
Modelo de pedagogía participativa para programas de educación pre-escolar
Authors: Amaya de Lee Mariluces , Trujillo de Prias Carmen Elisa , Restrepo de Franco Beatriz , Lizarazo de Nempeque Rosalba , Tobon de Awad Martha
Published: October 2021

Este artículo presenta el modelo de Pedagogía Participativa que se está aplicando en el jardín infantil Por un Mañana. Ofrece a la educación pre-escolar un programa de intervención que hace énfasis en la actitud participativa de padres, maestros y terapistas, para lograr el óptimo desarrollo de las capacidades del niño.
Lucio’s phenomenon: A systematic literature review of definition, clinical features, histopathogenesis and management
Authors: Frade Marco Andrey Cipriani , Coltro Pedro S. , Filho Fred Bernardes , Horácio Grazielle S. , Neto Antônio A. , da Silva Vinicius Z. , Westin Andrezza T. , Guimarães Francielle R. , Innocentini Lara M. A. R. , Motta Ana C. F. , Farina Jayme A.
Published: October 2021

Leprosy is a chronic disease with clinical presentations according to the immunologic spectrum. Lepromatous form is the most advanced, with the highest transmissibility and risk of causing disabilities. Lucio’s phenomenon is a rare manifestation among lepromatous patients with a rapid and severe evolution and high mortality. It is difficult to differentiate from ulcerative/necrotic erythema nodosum leprosum and has no consensus on how it should be treated. This article is a qualitative review of the literature after the introduction of multidrug therapy, aiming to bring consensus related to the clinical, laboratory and histopathological diagnostic criteria of the disease and its management.
Przed maturą – język polski online
Authors: Gajak-Toczek Małgorzata
Published: October 2021

Autorka w artykule Przed maturą – język polski online rozważa problemy, jakie napotkali nauczyciele szkół średnich, uczący w klasach maturalnych w nowych warunkach, które stworzyła pandemia Covid-19. Dotyczą one możliwości prowadzenia dialogu edukacyjnego, zachowania podmiotowości partnerów procesu edukacyjnego, środków, po które sięgali poloniści, by umożliwić uczniom nie tylko realizację bieżącego materiału, lecz także przygotowanie się do egzaminu kończącego szkołę średnią. Trudności, które towarzyszyły im w codziennej pracy przezwyciężali podejmując działania, które tworzyły strategie ułatwiające rekapitulację materiału.
Wycofanie społeczne w dobie pandemii Covid-19: stary problem – nowe ofiary
Authors: Sarnowski Piotr , Dominiak Rafał
Published: October 2021

Hikikomori, czyli syndrom wycofania społecznego to stary problem, który w obliczu pandemii covid-19 przybrał na sile. Powszechna izolacja, zdalne nauczanie czy też dystans społeczny to niektóre czynniki zwiększające szansę na rozwój hikikomori.  Artykuł opisuje genezę wycofania społecznego, jego możliwe przyczyny, w tym wpływ technologii i relacji rodzinnych na powstawanie hikikomori. Omówione zostanie również badanie lęków społecznych, których koncentracja jest jednym z objawów wycofania społecznego.
Nastawienia psychologów i ich wpływ na cechy tworzonych diagnoz
Authors: Grenda Paulina
Published: October 2021

Nastawienia psychologów aktywowane podczas diagnozowania pacjentów nie były do tej pory przedmiotem badań empirycznych. Badane były nastawienia psychoterapeutów wobec danej formy leczenia.
Celem przeprowadzonego przeze mnie badania było sprawdzenie czy cechy diagnoz zależą od aktywacji nastawienia – kategorialnego lub narracyjnego – w jakim znajdowali się badani psycholodzy.
Nastawienia kategorialne i narracyjne badanych psychologów aktywowano za pomocą zadań poznawczych, a cechy formułowanych przez nich diagnoz zostały zbadane przy użyciu metody studium przypadku – symulacji.
Badani psycholodzy pod wpływem  aktywacji narracyjnego nastawienia uwzględnili większą liczbę przesłanek diagnostycznych przy uzasadnianiu sformułowanych hipotez niż badani w warunkach eksperymentalnych, w których aktywowano kategorialne nastawienie. Jest to możliwe dzięki temu, że aktywacja nastawienia narracyjnego osłabia stereotypowe myślenie. Wykazano różnice w zakresie liczby hipotez o charakterze nozologicznym formułowanych przez badanych pod wpływem aktywacji nastawienia kategorialnego i narracyjnego.
Znaczenie animacji we wspieraniu rozwoju małych dzieci
Authors: Jegier Aneta
Published: October 2021

Małe dzieci chcą poznawać świat, dążąc do nabywania nowych doświadczeń. Są ekspansywne i ciekawe. Do niedawna w żłobkach dominował model opiekuńczy. Nadal można spotkać opiekunów, którzy twierdzą, że w tych placówkach uczy się dzieci jedynie samoobsługi. Obecnie obowiązujące prawo podkreśla równorzędną rolę opieki, wychowania i edukacji w żłobkach. W artykule przedstawiono znaczącą rolę warsztatu pracy opiekunów, jak również na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonych badań, opisano zalety wykorzystania animacji w pracy z najmłodszymi. W żłobkach bowiem nie sprawdza się realizacja zajęć z wykorzystaniem modelu szkolnego. Szczególnie ważne jest  stymulowanie naturalnej ciekawości dzieci, podążanie za nimi, ale i inspirowanie do działania.
Integrowanie rodziny przez rodziców osób problemowo pijących alkohol na rzecz pokonywania kryzysu
Authors: Szczepanik Renata
Published: October 2021

Badania przedstawione w artykule dotyczą redukowania szkód wynikających z nałogowego picia alkoholu i hamowania rozwoju uzależnienia bez pomocy wyspecjalizowanych instytucji. Analizie poddano doświadczenia rodziców (dorosłych) dzieci pijących alkohol problemowo, którzy podejmują działania na rzecz pokonywania kryzysu w oparciu o siły tkwiące w bliskości i spójności rodziny oraz konsolidacji jej członków na problemie. Materiał empiryczny pochodzi z wywiadów autobiograficznych z rodzicami, których dziecko pije alkohol problemowo. Perspektywa symbolicznego interakcjonizmu pozwoliła na wyjście poza medyczny i psychologiczny model interpretowania tego, co się dzieje w rodzinie z problemem uzależnienia. Wyniki badań pokazują, że tym, co integruje rodziny, jest skrywanie tajemnicy (lęk przed stygmatyzacją). Efektem ubocznym (spillover effect) jest tu rodzinna mobilizacja, poprawa komunikacji i poczucie sprawczości. Niezamierzonym pozytywnym skutkiem działań rodziców w obrębie rodziny i z użyciem jej sił na rzecz pomocy dziecku problemowo pijącemu alkohol jest pogłębiona refleksja nad swoim rodzicielstwem oraz – paradoksalnie – poczucie zbliżenia do dziecka i poprawienie z nim relacji.
Urlopy tacierzyńskie jako instytucjonalny dowód zmian w postrzeganiu roli ojca na przestrzeni lat
Authors: Tryc Amelia
Published: October 2021

Charakterystyczne dla współczesności przemiany społeczne widoczne w obszarze rodziny wywołały także znaczące zmiany w postrzeganiu roli ojca. Tradycyjne ujęcie ojca jako autorytetu i głowy rodziny, zajętej „męskimi” sprawami, takimi jak organizowanie bytu i zarabianie pieniędzy, ustąpiły miejsca modelowi ojca-partnera matki we wszystkim, a więc także w opiece nad dzieckiem, w tym małym. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie transformacji ojcowskiego wizerunku w kontekście tego, w jaki sposób współcześni ojcowie biorą udział w opiece nad dziećmi kilkumiesięcznymi i młodszymi ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem urlopów tacierzyńskich jako instytucjonalnej zmiany w postrzeganiu wizerunku i roli ojca.
Tomaš Garrigue Masaryk a herbartyzm
Authors: Taboł Sebastian
Published: October 2021

Tomaš Garrigue Masaryk to wybitna postać w historii Czech, był profesorem filozofii oraz politykiem, prezydentem Czechosłowacji. Choć zmarł ponad 80 lat temu jego dorobek naukowy jest analizowany pod kątem filozoficznym, politologicznym oraz socjologicznym. Niniejszy tekst odpowiada na pytanie, które także pojawia się wśród czeskich filozofów, czy Masaryk jako filozof był zwolennikiem, naśladowcą filozofii Jana Fryderyka Herbarta? Choć w niektórych swoich publikacjach Masaryk powoływał się na prace zwolenników Herbarta, jednak nie świadczy to o tym, iż był herbartystą. Jeśli wspominał filozofię Herbarta to zawsze po to, aby uświadomić czytelnikom, iż nie zgadza się z jego poglądami, co jasno podkreślał.
Gdzie łączy się popkultura i filozofia, tam powstaje rebelia myśli… Recenzja książki Mali rebelianci Jarosława Marka Spychały, Wydawnictwo Tako, Toruń 2020, ss. 180
Authors: Al-Douri Jasmine
Published: October 2021

Artykuł to recenzja książki Mali rebelianci Jarosława Marka Spychały.
Recenzja książki Krystyny Duraj-Nowakowej Pisarstwo naukowe studentów, Kraków 2019, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Ignatianum, ss. 291
Authors: Miłek Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

Artykuł to recenzja książki  Krystyny Duraj-Nowakowej - Pisarstwo naukowe studentów.
Primary enuresis
Authors: Picioreanu Iuliana
Published: October 2021

Worldwide, about 10% of children (aged 6-7 years old) suffer from bedwetting; in other words, this condition is widespread but the impact is often underestimated. The training of family doctors very rarely included guidance with specific recommendations, the frequent approach being the expectation of spontaneous resolution. The purpose of this paper is to provide the family doctor, who takes care of the child, with a guideline in the management of nocturnal enuresis. Materials and method. The systematic review of existing practice guides and literature, articles and studies published between 2001 and 2021 (PubMed, Cochrane, BMJ, Elsevier, JAMA Network, The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, Springer Nature, Wiley), on primary nocturnal enuresis, led to the creation of a material that was the basis of this article. Discussion and conclusions. The initial assessment should include history, physical examination and urinalysis. Se­ve­ral conditions associated with enuresis need to be identified, evaluated and treated: constipation, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes, diabetes insipidus, chronic kidney disease and psychiatric disorders. Treatment begins with counseling the child and parents about effective behavioral changes. First-line treatment includes bedside alarm therapy and desmopressin. The choice of therapy is based on the age of the child, the patterns of emptying at night and the wishes of the child and family. The recommendation to a pediatrician expert in the field is indicated for children with primary enuresis refractory to standard and combination therapies, as well as for children with some secondary cau­ses of enuresis, including urinary tract malformations, recurrent urinary tract infections or neurological disorders.
Variations in Pathogenicity of Three Different Forms of Rhizoctonia Inoculum and Assessment of Cultivar Resistance of Sugar Beet
Authors:   North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA, ME Haque , MS Parvin ,   Leibniz University Hannover, Germany
Published: October 2021

Rhizoctonia solani causes pre-emergence and post-emergence damping-off, as well as crown and root rot of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), which significantly affects the yield returns in the USA and Europe. The pathogen overwinters as sclerotia or melanized mycelium. Traditionally, the resistance of cultivars to R. solani is evaluated by scoring disease reactions at the crowns and roots of older seedlings, thus resistance is not evaluated during seed germination. Moreover, earlier studies evaluated cultivars resistance to R. solani using colonized whole barley or wheat grains which, unlike sclerotia, are artificial inocula of the pathogen that require time, space and technical know-how to produce. Moreover, colonized grains are prone to contamination with other pathogens, consumed by rodents/birds while applied in the field, and are often uneconomic. Considering those limitations, a study was undertaken (1) to develop in vitro methods to generate large-scale sclerotia, (2) to compare pathogenic potentials of sclerotia, mycelia, and colonized barley grains for optimization of dampingoff assays, and (3) to evaluate Rhizoctonia resistance of selected commercial cultivars during the seed germination phase. Comparing six different culture media, we found that R. solani had the highest radial growth (8.9 ± 0.04, cm³) at 8-days and the maximum number of sclerotia produced (203 ± 4.6) at 28-days in CV8 medium. We demonstrated significant differences in pathogenicity of the three different forms of R. solani inocula and susceptibility of cultivars to preand post-emergence damping-off. The highest pre-emergence damping-off and root rot were observed with sclerotia, and the highest post-emergence dampingoff was recorded with both sclerotial and colonized barley inocula. In addition, varietal differences in susceptibility to pre- and post-emergence damping-off were noted. The highest pre-emergence damping-off was recorded on cv Crystal 101RR and lowest in Maribo MA 504. The highest post-emergence damping-off was recorded on BTS 8500 and the lowest in Crystal 467. The maximum mean root rot was observed in BTS 8500, BTS 8606, and Crystal 101R. Our studies demonstrated that sclerotia serve as efficient natural inocula, reemphasized that host-pathogen interactions differ at the early vs. late stages of sugar beet growth, and highlighted the need to reevaluate commercial sugar beet cultivars for resistance at the seed germination stage.
Approach To: Delirium
Authors: Mukharyamova Alfiya
Published: October 2021

Delirium is a common and serious geriatric syndrome with core features of acute onset and inattention. It is often underdiagnosed and is associated with many adverse outcomes, such as prolonged hospitalization, institutionalization, functional impairment and death. This review summarizes an approach to the recognition, work-up, management and prevention of delirium.
Awareness and Practice of Radiation Protection Protocols Followed in Dental Clinics-A Survey
Authors: Simone Shah  , Dhanraj Ganapathy
Published: October 2021

The radiographic examination is one of the principal diagnostic methods used in all fields of medical services and contributes to the promotion of the health. Accordingly, a certain amount of radiation is inevitably delivered to patients during normal radiographic procedures. Repeated radiation doses utilized in dental treatment might be harmful to the patients and thus a thorough knowledge on radiation protection protocols are mandatory for dental clinicians. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, awareness and practice of general dentists practicing in the Chennai regarding radiation prevention protocols undertaken in their area of work. The study was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study. A total of 200 dentists were contacted to participate in the study. The target population entailed were general dentists practicing in Chennai. A Pretested questionnaire was mailed to the respondents following informed consent. The data were extracted from the responses and analyzed. The total response rate recovered was 75 % and the respondents comprised of 54 males & 96 females respectively. Only 49% of the general dentists followed the position & distance rule for radiographic procedures appropriately. The results showed that the knowledge, awareness of the general dentists regarding radiation prevention protocols in Chennai were satisfactory. However, the practice regarding radiation protection protocols were inadequate. To ensure the implementation of radiation prevention protocols, strict protocols must be followed by the licensing and monitoring authorities about the use of the equipment emitting radiation and rigorous health education programs should be initiated to sensitize the clinicians.
Results of non-surgical treatment of isolated closed tibial shaft fractures
Authors: Nizam Ahmed  , Madan Lal  , Niaz Hussain Keerio  , Ghazanfar Ali Shah  , Aftab Alam Khanzada  , Muhammad Raϐique Joyo  , Syed Shahid Noor
Published: October 2021

This Research aimed to see how well isolated closed tibial fractures retained their reduction after being immobilized in a cast. Medical data were gathered for all patients of identified solitary closed tibial shaft fractures treated non-surgically. Males were more typically impacted than females among the 32 individuals evaluated. The mean age was 27.68 years old (SD=7.06). Direct trauma with motorcycle was the most prevalent causes of injury. The average follow-up time for each patient was 9.1 months (SD=2.36). According to the AO/OTA classification, 34.4 % of the fractures are A1.1, 28.1% are A2.1, and 37.5 % are A3. The average time for all fractures to heal was 13.7 weeks (SD=3.24). In the 22nd week, there was one occurrence of delayed union. Shortening of bone was less than 1 cm in 93.75 % of patients and more than 1.5 cm in 6.25% of patients. In 2 (6.25%) of the patients, the anterior or posterior angulation was more than 10 degrees. Furthermore, even with uncomplicated tibial fractures, there appears to be a debate about therapy selection when considering long-term physical handicap and a longer follow-up time.
Serum 25 hydroxycholecalciferol levels throughout pregnancy - A cross-sectional study in South Indian Pregnant Women
Authors: Julie Christy A  , Saraswathi Perumal  , Sumathy G
Published: October 2021

Vitamin D deficiency has been reported worldwide. It has been reported at suboptimal levels in gestation. The levels vary during various trimesters of pregnancy. This article focuses on the gestation week wise variations observed in the serum cholecalciferol levels during gestation. 100 venous blood samples were collected from singleton, non-smoking pregnancies. The samples were collected in the summer and winter seasons during various weeks of pregnancy. The samples were collected randomly in patients who were not supplemented with vitamin D. The serum cholecalciferol levels were observed to be deficient during the first trimester (below<30 ng/ml), there was an increase in the vitamin D levels in the second trimester (levels<30 ng/ml). During the third trimester, the levels increased gradually. The ratio of cases deficient during the first trimester was higher when compared to the second and third trimesters. The serum cholecalciferol levels remain deficient due to the foetal organogenesis in the first trimester. The serum 25 hydroxy cholecalciferol levels are compensated with the development of the placenta. During the second trimester, it gradually increases and reaches sufficient limits during the third trimester.
Bryodiversity of Eflani District of Karabük Province
Authors: ARSLAN Ahmet , UNAN Ayşe Dilek , ÖREN Muhammet
Published: October 2021

Eflani district of the Karabük province selected as the study area is located Western Black Sea Region. Three field excursions have been made in different seasons between October 2017 to April 2019 in the study area. Bryophyte specimens were collected from 30 different habitats and ecosystems such as steppes, forests, riparian, farmlands, wetlands etc. vegetation. Approximately 500 specimens have been collected, examined under stereo and light microscopes, and identified using related literature. 156 specific and infraspecific bryophyte taxa (15 liverworts and 141 mosses) were found in the visited localities. Among them, 21 taxa were reported from Karabük province for the first time and Lewinskya acuminata (H.Philib.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet was new for A2 grid square. These taxa were listed according to taxonomic hierarchy with locality, habitat, and substrate information.
Металл-органические координационные полимеры цинка(II) и кадмия(II) на основе амидофункционализированного тетракарбоксилатного лиганда: синтез, кристаллическая структура и люминесцентные свойства
Authors: Андрейченко А.А. , Бурлак П.В. , Коваленко К.А. , Самсоненко Д.Г. , Федин В.П.
Published: October 2021

При нагревании в смешанных растворителях нитратов кадмия(II) и цинка(II) с 5-(3,5-дикарбоксибензоиламино)-изофталевой кислотой получены металл-органические координационные полимеры [Cd2(H2O)3(NPM)(L)]·NMP (1), (H2NMe2)2[Cd3(L)2] (2) и (H2NMe2)2[Zn2.5(HL)(L)] (3). Состав и строение этих соединений установлены методом рентгеноструктурного анализа. Соединение 1 имеет слоистую структуру, а изоструктурные 2 и 3 образуют трехмерные каркасы. Поры соединения 1 заполнены разупорядоченными молекулами растворителя, а поры анионных трехмерных каркасов 2 и 3 содержат катионы диметиламмония. Составы изоструктурных соединений 2 и 3 различаются из-за того, что позиция одного из катионов цинка в 3 заселена наполовину, а лиганд, входящий в состав 3, частично протонирован. В 1 5-(3,5-дикарбоксибензоиламино)-изофталатные лиганды находятся в заслоненной конформации, а в 2 и 3 — в скрещенной конформации. Для координационных полимеров кадмия(II) и цинка(II) исследованы фотолюминесцентные свойства.
SEMIOTICS PECULIARITIES OF INTERNET MEMES IN ENGLISH POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Zabotnova Myroslava
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to semiotic specificity of Internet memes in the English political discourse. The aim of the work is to figure out the core semiotic peculiarities of Internet memes in semiotic field. The article highlights the role of Internet memes in political discourse classifying them according to their textuality; thus, revealing the value of signs in memes’ formation, and specifying types and peculiarities of signs in Internet memes in political discourse. The research unitizes the units based on the presidential election in the USA 2020. The intention of memes’ creation depends on the verbalization circumstances – in 2020 this factor is determined by the pandemic. So, this selection of Internet me
Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının gözünden Kıbrıs’ta yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi
Authors: GÜNTAŞ Selime , GÜNEYLİ Ahmet , GÖKBULUT Burak
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada Türkçe öğretmen adaylarının gözünden Kıbrıs’ta yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimini değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde kazanım, yöntem-teknik vb. ne olması gerektiği, yabancı öğrencilerin Türkçe öğrenirken nasıl güdüleneceği ve kaygılarının azaltılacağı, öğretimdeki sorunlar ve sorunlara ilişkin çözüm önerileri değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel yaklaşım ve durum çalışması modeli temel alınmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemine uygun olarak Kıbrıs’ta bir üniversitede öğrenim gören öğretmen adaylarından seçilmiştir. Böylelikle araştırmanın çalışma grubunu üniversite 3. sınıfta öğrenim gören ve yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi dersini almış 33 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak görüşme formu kullanılmış ve içerik analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre Türkçe öğretmen adayları yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminin ana dili olarak öğretimine oranla daha zor olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Öğretmen adayları öğrencileri motive etmek ve kaygılarını azaltmak için öğretim yöntem-teknikleri-materyallerini çeşitlendirmek gerektiğini belirtmişler ve Türk tarihi, coğrafyası ile kültürünü öğreterek dikkat çekmek gerektiğini, ana dili konuşucuları ile vakit geçirecek ortamlar ve etkinlikler düzenlemeyi önermişlerdir. Son olarak sorunlar konusunda, konuşma ve sesletim sorununa, Türkçenin zor bir dil olduğu yönündeki inanışa, sözcük dağarcığının yetersizliğine, dil bilgisi kurallarını ve ekleri doğru kullanamamaya, yabancı dil öğreten Türkçe öğreticilerinin yeterliklerinin tam olmayışına dikkat çekmişlerdir. Yaşanan sorunlara yönelik öğretmen adaylarının çözüm önerilerinin başında öğretim sürecinde bol etkinlik ve uygulama yapılması gelmektedir. Söz konusu önerinin yanı sıra öğretimi basitleştirmek gerektiği üzerinde durulmuş; öğrencileri araştırmaya yönlendirme ve onlara Türkçeyi sevdirmenin öneminden söz edilmiştir. Son olarak öğrencilerin hazırbulunuşluğunu ve ön bilgilerini kullanarak öğretim yapmanın gerekli olduğunu belirtmişlerdir.
Dil öğretiminde YouTube’un kullanımı: Yabancılara Türkçe öğretenlerin deneyimleri ve bakış açıları
Authors: ÇANGAL Önder
Published: October 2021

Teknolojik gelişmelerle akıllı telefonların hayatımızdaki öneminin artması ve internete erişimin kolaylaşması bilgiye ulaşma ve bilgiyi tüketme yollarında birtakım değişikliklerin yaşanmasına neden olmuştur. İnsanlar bugün bilgiye ulaşmak için internete başvurmakta, bu sayede akıllarına takılan sorulara cevaplar bulmaktadır. İnternetteki bilgiler her zaman doğru olmamakla birlikte tüketilebilir bilginin insanlara ulaştırılması aşamasında hazırlanan internet platformları önemli birer araç olarak dikkat çekmekte, bu aşamada YouTube platformu popüler bir uygulama olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. İnsanlar müzik dinlemek, ürün incelemek, haberleri takip etmek, film izlemek ve hatta dil öğrenmek için YouTube’u kullanmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar da sosyal medya araçlarının planlı ve amaçlı şekilde kullanıldıklarında dil öğretimine katkısı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada dil öğretiminde YouTube’un kullanımı konusu ele alınmış, yabancılara Türkçe öğretenlerin öğretim süreçlerinde YouTube’dan yararlanma ile ilgili görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak hazırlanan çalışma, yabancılara Türkçe öğretiminde YouTube kullanımına yönelik öğretici görüşlerini ortaya koyan bir durum çalışmasıdır. Araştırmada veri toplamak için görüşme formları kullanılmıştır. Görüşme formlarından elde edilen veriler içerik analizi kullanılarak incelenmiş, elde edilen sonuçlardan hareketle yabancılara Türkçe öğretiminde YouTube kullanımına yönelik değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretimi sertifika programlarının etkinliği üzerine bir durum çalışması
Authors: CANDAŞ Z. Canan , BAŞUTKU Serdar
Published: October 2021

Yabancı dil olarak Türkçenin öğretimi son yıllarda daha çok ilgi görmesine rağmen bu alan için öğretmen yetiştirmede gerekli adımlar atılamamıştır. Lisans düzeyinde bölüm bulunmaması önemli bir eksikliktir. Son yıllarda bu özel alan için gereksinim duyulan öğretmenler sertifika programları ve hizmet içi eğitimlerle yetiştirilmektedir. Bu sertifika programları ve hizmet içi eğitimlere çoğunlukla Türkçe öğretmenliği, Türk dili ve edebiyatı bölümlerinden lisans eğitimi alan öğretici adayları katılmaktadır. Yabancı dil olarak Türkçenin öğretimi anadili olarak Türkçenin öğretiminden çok farklıdır. Her ne kadar ana başlık olarak Türkçenin eğitimi ya da öğretimi olarak adlandırılabilse de Yabancı dil olarak Türkçenin öğretimi içerik, öğrenim, öğretim yöntem ve teknikleri açısından çok farklı özellikleri içerir. Yabancı dil olarak Türkçenin öğretimi alanında öğreticiler yetiştirmek amacıyla düzenlenen sertifika programlarını işleyişi ve içeriği açısından katılımcıların görüşleri aracılığıyla incelemeyi hedef alan bu çalışma var olan durumu tanımlamayı ve daha sonra oluşturulacak programlar için ilkelerin belirlenmesini amaçlamıştır. Bu araştırmanın verileri, Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimi alanında eğitici olarak çalışacak bireylere sertifika programı düzenleyen Hitit Üniversitesi Türkçe Öğretimi Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi tarafından 18 Ocak-5 Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında verilen eğitimle sınırlandırılmıştır. Sertifika programlarının genel özelliklerini yansıtan bir sertifika programı ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda bir grup katılımcı örneklem olarak ele alınmış ve derinlemesine veri toplamak amacıyla incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmadan çıkan verilerin daha sonra geliştirilecek sertifika programların geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacağı var sayılmaktadır.
Modelado del impacto de bala en una placa de acero
Authors: Solórzano López Juan , García Pastor Francisco A. , Avila Soler Enrique , Hernández Herrera Mary Carmen
Published: October 2021

El modelado matemático es una herramienta poderosa, especialmente cuando se analizan fenómenos complejos y potencialmente peligrosos, como impactos de bala. En este artículo, se presentan los resultados de un modelo de elementos finitos del impacto de una bala de larga distancia y baja velocidad de calibre 0,223 mm que impacta contra un fogueo de acero. Se simulan varios ángulos de impacto, que muestran una penetración de bala y una deformación superior al 50%. Los resultados muestran impactos con penetraciones o incrustaciones en el sustrato o placa blanca y que provocan deformaciones superiores al 50%. Los impactos del proyectil apenas tocando el borde de la placa, permiten cuantificar el campo de esfuerzos residuales sobre el objetivo. Estas tensiones residuales son una indicación numérica de la fuerza del impacto.
Análisis de fallas del eje de la hélice en el turbocompresor Garret
Authors: Flores Baez Misael , Flores Baez Israel , Palomino Resendiz Roberto Luis , Vera Serna Pedro
Published: October 2021

En este trabajo se presenta el análisis de la ruptura en la propela de un turbocargador Garret, tratando el tipo y características de fractura mediante la utilización de técnicas de caracterización estructural Difracción de Rayos X, Metalografía, Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido con Espectroscopia de Energía Dispersiva, Pruebas de Dureza y simulación CAD-CAE, la fractura en el material se observó con un microscopio electrónico de barrido, la medición de dureza ayudo a explicar la condición inicial de fractura, posteriormente con Difracción de Rayos X se logró observar la fase estructural del material ANSI 1045, además de correlacionar los resultados obtenidos por metalografía y resultados reportados de dureza, finalmente con el análisis de simulación mediante la teoría del método de elemento finito fue posible identificar y relacionar los espacios de concentración de esfuerzos con la falla mostrando congruencia y la relación con los huecos microscópicos en el material como se muestra en este trabajo.
El proceso de evaluación del aprendizaje antes y durante la contingencia sanitaria por Covid-19. Un estudio exploratorio en secundarias públicas mexicanas.
Authors: Espinoza Cid Rosa Ascencion , Caro Coronado Isis Berenice
Published: October 2021

En marzo de 2020 México decretó la emergencia sanitaria por múltiples casos confirmados de Covid-19. Debido a los riesgos implicados, todos los niveles de gobierno, declararon la suspensión de clases presenciales en las escuelas del país, transitando hacia un modelo de educación a distancia. Con esta nueva modalidad de trabajo, las dinámicas tradicionales de evaluación de los aprendizajes se han visto modificadas. A manera de antecedente, en 2017, la Secretaría de Educación Pública implementó la Reforma a la educación básica, la cual implicó diversos cambios al proceso de evaluación; particularmente a los periodos contemplados para la evaluación durante el ciclo escolar, así como adaptaciones dependientes de la reflexión de los profesores sobre los resultados para mejorar su práctica docente y el proceso educativo. A partir de ambos acontecimientos, resultó importante conocer las percepciones de los docentes, para que, de ser necesario, se tomen medidas y realicen las modificaciones pertinentes. Esta investigación, de tipo exploratorio, tuvo como objetivo realizar un acercamiento a definiciones, técnicas, formas y criterios para evaluar el aprendizaje en la asignatura de inglés de escuelas secundarias públicas, desde la perspectiva de los profesores, además de conocer el tránsito del proceso evaluativo de los alumnos en el modelo educativo a distancia. Fueron entrevistados ocho maestros de inglés de secundaria en una ciudad del noroeste de México. El análisis indicó que los participantes coinciden en sus definiciones y criterios de evaluación y que, durante la contingencia han enfrentado diversos cambios en sus percepciones sobre el proceso de evaluación del aprendizaje.