bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PARTILHANDO SABERES: MAPEAMENTO DA OFERTA DO ENSINO DE TEATRO E DO PERFIL DOS PROFESSORES NAS ESCOLAS DA REDE PÚBLICA EM PALMAS – TOCANTINS
Authors: Bodnar Roseli , Marinho Ana Paola Cavalcanti , Brito Amanda Gomes
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho é fruto de uma pesquisa do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica – PIBIC, intitulada Partilhando saberes: mapeamento da oferta do ensino de teatro e do perfil dos professores nas escolas da rede pública em Palmas – Tocantins (TO), desenvolvida no âmbito da Universidade Federal do Tocantins - UFT, no período de 2016/2017. A pesquisa teve como objetivo mapear a oferta do ensino de teatro e traçar o perfil profissional dos docentes que atuam na disciplina de teatro nas escolas da rede pública em Palmas – TO. A finalidade do mapeamento foi conhecer a realidade local, com relação ao ensino da linguagem teatral, bem como refletir sobre os impactos ou mudanças ocorridas após as alterações na LDB 9.394/96, nos anos de 2016/2017. Para tal, foram aplicados dois instrumentos de pesquisa, um aos gestores responsáveis pela distribuição de aulas e/ou contratação de professores na Secretaria Municipal da Educação do Município de Palmas – SEMED e outro aplicado aos docentes que atuam na disciplina de teatro. Após esse mapeamento foi possível constatar que o número de professores com formação na área de Artes não é suficiente para suprir a demanda das escolas de tempo integral e das escolas de tempo parcial no município de Palmas. Ainda, verificou-se que há professores atuando fora de sua área de formação e que desejam cursar uma segunda licenciatura na área de Artes. Portanto, há demanda para novas licenciaturas em Música, Dança e Artes Visuais, na cidade de Palmas – TO.

Palavras-chave: Ensino de teatro; Perfil profissional de professores de teatro; Palmas - TO.
ESTOQUE DE CARBONO NO SOLO SOB DIFERENTES CONDIÇÕES DE CERRADO
Authors: Brito Mateus Rodrigues , Tonani de Siqueira Flavia Lucila , De sousa Illys Janes Alves , De Sousa Rosinete Nogueira
Published: August 2019

O contínuo aumento de gases carbônicos na atmosfera, principalmente o CO2 e o CO, tem levado a discussões sobre medidas que reduzam a emissão destes gases e os impactos no meio ambiente. Dentre as ações que contribuem para a redução de CO2 na atmosfera podem se destacar: a conservação de estoques de carbono nos solos, a implantação de florestas e sistemas agroflorestais e a recuperação de áreas degradadas. Assim, este trabalho tem o objetivo avaliar o estoque de carbono em solos de cerrado sob pastagens. Foram estudados solos de três áreas: área com Batata doce (BD), Pastagem em Degradação (PD), Horta Agroecológica (HA). As características avaliadas foram: teor de matéria orgânica, densidade do solo, estoque de carbono e crédito de carbono. De acordo com os resultados obtidos neste estudo concluiu-se que em solos de cerrado ocupados com sistemas de pastagem degrada e horta agroecológica proporcionaram melhores condições de umidade, matéria orgânica e consequentemente estoque e crédito de carbono. Porém, é importante salientar que os solos de PD apresentaram maior estoque de carbono, pois as raízes da forrageiras se encontravam mais superficiais devido ao processo de degradação, não sendo esta a condição ideal para maior vida útil da pastagem.
SYNTHESIS OF 5-HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL USING IONIC LIQUID [BMIM][BR] FROM RESIDUAL SOYBEAN AND RICE BIOMASSES
Authors: Scapin Elisandra , Viana Guenther Carlos Couto
Published: August 2019

In contrast to the major environmental impacts of the petrochemical activity, renewable energy sources have been developing, and among this, biomass has stood out. Among the derivatives obtained from biomass, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is considered a key piece in this process. This work aims at the use of rice and soybean hulls for the synthesis of HMF using the ionic liquid [BMIM][Br], aiming the sustainability of this process. Initially the physical pretreatment of biomass followed by acid hydrolysis was carried out. For the synthesis of HMF, 5ml of the hydrolyzate, 2g of ionic liquid at 120ºC, were used in different reaction times. The results were analyzed by infrared spectrophotometry and by high performance liquid chromatography. The best results in both biomasses were after 2h of reaction reaching a concentration of up to 25 times greater when compared to the hydrolyzate, showing the high potential of ionic liquid [BMIM] [Br] in the synthesis of furanic compounds.

Keywords: Furanic compounds, raw biomass, ionic liquids.
O ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA DA ÁFRICA APOIADO PELOS RECURSOS EDUCACIONAIS ABERTOS (REA)
Authors: Silva Daniel Bueno da , Nakashima Rosária Helena Ruiz
Published: August 2019

Este artigo apresenta a construção e a discussão dos campos didáticos que compuseram um Recurso Educacional Aberto (REA) que foi, posteriormente, aplicado no curso de Licenciatura em História, da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Câmpus de Araguaína. A seleção do tema “História Antiga Africana” considerou a constatação da invisibilidade e das visões reducionistas que, por vezes, se têm sobre esse continente. Como recurso tecnológico para construção do REA, foi escolhido o Prezi uma vez que este apresenta as possibilidades de efetivar os princípios de colaboração, compartilhamento, remixagem, adaptação que orientam o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa. Os resultados apontaram para a necessidade de fomentar a produção de recursos, especialmente abertos, sobre a História da África. Além disso, ao desenvolver esta pesquisa, foi possível evidenciar as potencialidades dos REA para o ensino de História, contribuindo com a formação inicial e continuada dos professores.

Palavras-chave: REA, Tecnologias digitais da informação e comunicação (TDIC), História Antiga Africana.
MÉTODOS NUMÉRICOS PARA MEDIÇÃO DE ÁREA DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Costa Gabriela da Silva da , Callai Nicole Deckmann , Zaluski Felipe Cavalheiro , Oliveira Tarcísio Dorn de , Faoro Vanessa
Published: August 2019

O presente estudo objetiva-se realizar a medição da metragem quadrada da área de preservação permanente (APP) de um curso d’água na cidade de Ijuí, localizada no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, utilizando os conceitos do cálculo numérico através do Método dos Trapézios e da Primeira Regra de Simpson e verificar qual dos dois métodos utilizados mais se assemelha com a prática correta. Utilizando uma abordagem quali-quantitativa e descritiva, com coleta de dados bibliográficos e documentais pode-se concluir que, o método que mais se aproxima da solução real é o método dos Trapézios, o que pode ser explicado pelo comportamento quase linear do córrego em alguns pontos. Após a conclusão das áreas finais do quarteirão e da área de preservação, percebemos que a APP ocupa aproximadamente 52,75%, ou seja, mais da metade do terreno inteiro é comprometido pela presença do córrego, fazendo com que toda essa área não possa ser usada para construção.
Nanostructured Semiconducting Metal Oxide Gas Sensors for Acetaldehyde Detection
Authors: Mirzaei Ali , Kim Hyoun Woo , Kim Sang Sub , Neri Giovanni
Published: August 2019

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are among the most abundant air pollutants. Their high concentrations can adversely affect the human body and therefore, early detection of VOCs is of outmost importance. Among the different VOCs, in this review paper, we have focused our attention on the monitoring of acetaldehyde by chemiresistive gas sensors using nanostructured semiconducting metal oxides. These sensors not only can provide a high sensing signal for detection of acetaldehyde, but also high thermal and mechanical stability and low price. This review paper is divided into three major sections. First, we will introduce acetaldehyde as the target gas and the importance of its detection. Then, the fundamentals of chemiresistive gas sensors will be briefly presented and, in the last section, a survey of literature on acetaldehyde gas sensors will be discussed. Acetaldehyde sensors working mechanism, their structures and configurations are reviewed. Finally, the future development outlook and potential applications are discussed, giving a complete panoramic view for researcher working and interested in acetaldehyde detection for different purposes in many fundamentals and applicative fields.
Effects of Structure from Motion Data Density, Interpolation Method and Grid Size on Micro Topography Digital Terrain Model Accuracy
Authors: Agüera-Vega Francisco , Agüera-Puntas Marta , Mancini Francesco , Martínez-Carricondo Patricio , Carvajal-Ramírez Fernando
Published: August 2019

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of the 3D point cloud density derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry and structure from motion (SfM) and multi-view stereopsis (MVS) techniques, the interpolation method for generating a digital terrain model (DTM), and the resolution (grid size) of the derived DTM on the accuracy of estimated heights in small areas, where a very accurate high spatial resolution is required. A UAV-photogrammetry project was carried out on a bare soil of 13 × 13 m with a rotatory wing UAV at 10 m flight altitude (equivalent ground sample distance = 0.4 cm). The 3D point cloud was derived, and five sample replications representing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90% of the original cloud were extracted to analyze the effect of cloud density on DTM accuracy. For each of these samples, DTMs were derived using four different interpolation methods (Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), Multiquadric Radial Basis Function (MRBF), Kriging (KR), and Triangulation with Linear Interpolation (TLI)) and 15 DTM grid size (GS) values (20, 15, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0.67, 0.5, and 0.4 cm). Then, 675 DTMs were analyzed. The results showed, for each interpolation method and each density, an optimal GS value (most of the cases equal to 1 cm) for which the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is minimum. IDW was the interpolator which yielded best accuracies for all combination of densities and GS. Its RMSE, considering the raw cloud, was 1.054 cm. The RMSE increased 3% when a point cloud with 80% extracted from the raw cloud was used to generate the DTM. When the point cloud included the 40% of the raw cloud, RMSE increased 5%. For densities lower than 15%, RMSE increased exponentially (45% for 1% of raw cloud). The grid size minimizing RMSE for densities of 20% or higher was 1 cm, which represents 2.5 times the ground sample distance of the pictures used for developing the photogrammetry project.
Hyperbolic Numbers in Modeling Genetic Phenomena
Authors: Petoukhov Sergey
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to applications of 2-dimensional hyperbolic numbers and their algebraic 2n-dimensional extensions in modeling some genetic phenomena. Mathematical properties of hyperbolic numbers and their matrix representations are described in a connection with alphabets of DNA nucleobases and with inherited phyllotaxis phenomena. Known data on using hyperbolic rotations, which are particular cases of hyperbolic numbers, in physics and in some biological phenomena, including phyllotaxis laws and structural features of locomotions, are discussed. Applications of hyperbolic numbers reveal hidden interrelations between structures of different biological and physical phenomena. They lead to new approaches in mathematical modeling genetic phenomena.
The Detection of Pre-Diabetic Patients in the Dental Office
Authors: AlMesmar Hamda , AlMashhadani Shiamaa , Saleh Nadia , Farghali Khaled
Published: August 2019

Pre-diabetes is a serious health condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough yet to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. Pre-diabetes puts one at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 384 patients aged 20-70 years old, attending the dental clinics to assess the risk for diabetes, using the FINDRISC questionnaire, HbA1c blood test and a periodontal examination. Results: The mean age of participants was 38.90±10.74. 32.3% were categorized as no risk, 46.6% low risk, while 19% and 2.1% moderate and high risk of developing diabetes respectively. Tests for serum HbA1c Level showed 46.1 % had normal HbA1c followed by 18.0% and 3.6 % were pre-diabetic and diabetic respectively. 19.3% of participants had periodontal pockets measuring more than 4mm and 15.9% measuring more than 6mm. Conclusion: The study has proven to be useful in identifying patients at high-risk of developing diabetes. Controlling and managing periodontal disease could be a new aspect to include in the standards for diabetes care. Dental settings could be a successful platform to carry out the screening and risk stratification of pre-diabetic patients.
Micro RNA Transcriptome Profile in Canine Oral Melanoma
Authors: Rahman Md. Mahfuzur , Lai Yu-Chang , Husna Al Asmaul , Chen Hui-wen , Tanaka Yuiko , Kawaguchi Hiroaki , Miyoshi Noriaki , Nakagawa Takayuki , Fukushima Ryuji , Miura Naoki
Published: August 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulation contribute the cancer pathogenesis. However, the miRNA profile of canine oral melanoma (COM), one of the frequent malignant melanoma in dog is still unrevealed. The aim of this study is to reveal the miRNA profile in canine oral melanoma. MicroRNAs profile of oral tissues from normal healthy dogs and COM patients were compared by next-generation sequencing. Along with tumour suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs), we report 30 oncogenic miRNAs in COM. Expression of miRNAs were further confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Pathway analysis showed that deregulated miRNAs impact on cancer and signalling pathways. Three oncogenic miRNAs targets (miR-450b, 301a, and 223) from human study also were down-regulated in COM and had significant negative co-relation with their respective miRNA. Furthermore, we found that miR-450b expression is higher in metastatic cells and regulated MMP9 expression through a PAX9-BMP4-MMP9 axis. In silico analysis indicated that miR-126, miR-20b, and miR-106a regulated the highest numbers of differentially expressed transcription factors in respect to human melanoma. Chromosomal enrichment analysis revealed the X chromosome was enriched with oncogenic miRNAs. We comprehensively analyzed the miRNA’s profile in COM which will be a useful resource for developing therapeutic interventions in both species.
Genome-Wide Analysis of Cotton miRNAs during Whitefly Infestation Offers New Insights into Plant-Herbivore Interaction
Authors: Li Jianying , Hull J. Joe , Liang Sijia , Wang Qiongqiong , Chen Luo , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Maojun , Jin Shuangxia
Published: August 2019

Although the regulatory function of miRNAs and their targets have been characterized in model plants, a possible underlying role in the cotton response to herbivore infestation has not been determined. To investigate this, we performed small RNA and degradome sequencing between resistant and susceptible cotton cultivar following infestation with the generalist herbivore whitefly. In total, 260 miRNA families and 241 targets were identified. Quantitative-PCR analysis revealed that several miRNAs and their corresponding targets exhibited dynamic spatio-temporal expression patterns. Moreover, 17 miRNA precursors were generated from 29 long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) transcripts. Genome-wide analysis also led to the identification of 85 phased small interfering RNA (phasiRNA) loci. Among these, nine PHAS genes were triggered by miR167, miR390, miR482a, and two novel miRNAs, including those encoding a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) disease resistance protein, an auxin response factor (ARF) and MYB transcription factors. Through combined modeling and experimental data, we explored and expanded the miR390-tasiARF cascade during the cotton response to whitefly. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of ARF8 in whitefly-resistant cotton plants increased auxin and jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation, resulting in an increased tolerance to whitefly infestation. These results highlight the provides a useful transcriptomic resource for plant-herbivore interaction.
Artificial Intelligence and Convolutional Neural Network for Recognition of Human Interaction by Video from Drone
Authors: Shamsipour Ghazal , Pirasteh Saied
Published: August 2019

Recognition of the human interaction on the unconstrained videos taken from cameras and remote sensing platforms like a drone is a challenging problem. This study presents a method to resolve issues of motion blur, poor quality of videos, occlusions, the difference in body structure or size, and high computation or memory requirement. This study contributes to the improvement of recognition of human interaction during disasters such as an earthquake and flood utilizing drone videos for rescue and emergency management. We used Support Vector Machine (SVM) to classify the high-level and stationary features obtained from Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in key-frames from videos. We extracted conceptual features by employing CNN to recognize objects from first and last images from a video. The proposed method demonstrated the context of a scene, which is significant in determining the behaviour of human in the videos. In this method, we do not require person detection, tracking, and many instances of images. The proposed method was tested for the University of Central Florida (UCF Sports Action), Olympic Sports videos. These videos were taken from the ground platform. Besides, camera drone video was captured from Southwest Jiaotong University (SWJTU) Sports Centre and incorporated to test the developed method in this study. This study accomplished an acceptable performance with an accuracy of 90.42%, which has indicated improvement of more than 4.92% as compared to the existing methods.
Smart City Smartness Measurement Based on KPI for Developing Countries
Authors: Barro Pape Abdoulaye
Published: August 2019

A smart city is a futuristic approach that evolves with new technologies. It can start as a simple community and evolve into future cities. In most developing countries, where the population growth is faster, and where the organization and the urbanization are slower, there is a serious need for a framework for progressive change towards sustainable cities. This article discusses the level of intelligence of smart city components and proposes indicators as well as a methodology for measuring intelligence based on the objectives to be achieved as well as a certain number of technical requirements and some cognitive processes implemented.
Oxidative/Antioxidative Status in Patients after Myocardial Infarction and in Those without Cardiovascular Event Depending on Anthropometric Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity
Authors: Nowicki Grzegorz Józef , Ślusarska Barbara , Prystupa Andrzej , Polak Maciej , Czubaj-Kowal Maria , Rudnicka-Drożak Ewa
Published: August 2019

Obesity is one of the factors leading to the development of atherosclerosis. This metabolic disorder is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species, which affect the oxidative stress level. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative/antioxidative status and to investigate the correlation between redox markers and anthropometric parameters and body composition in adult patients after myocardial infarction and in individuals without a cardiovascular event in the past. Descriptive data on socio-demographic, clinical, and anthropometric features and blood samples were collected and categorized into two equal groups: after myocardial infarction (study group (SG), n = 80) and without a cardiovascular event (control group (CG), n = 80). The oxidative/antioxidative status was assessed in plasma on the basis of total oxidative/capacitive status (PerOx), total antioxidative status/capacity (ImAnOx), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). OxLDL was significantly higher in the CG group compared to the SG group (p = 0.02). No significant differences were found with regard to PerOx and ImAnOx values between the studied groups. Significant positive correlation between PerOx and percentage of adipose tissue (FM [%]) and body adiposity index (BAI) was found in the two studied groups. ImAnOx significantly positively correlated with VAI in SG and FM% in CG. OxLDL negatively correlated with body mass index and waist to hip circumference ratio in CG. The total oxidative/antioxidative status is related to the amount of adipose tissue and the BAI of the subjects. It was observed that it correlates more frequently with the visceral distribution of body fat.
Aberrant Activation of hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A Ratios Mediate the Anticancer Effect of Garcinol in STAT3/5A-Addicted GBM
Authors: Liu Heng-Wei , Lee Peter Mingjui , Bamodu Oluwaseun Adebayo , Su Yu-Kai , Fong Iat-Hang , Yeh Chi-Tai , Chien Ming-Hsien , Kan I-Hung , Lin Chien-Min
Published: August 2019

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM), a malignant grade IV tumor, is the most malignant brain tumor due to its hyper-proliferative and apoptosis-evading characteristics. The signal transducer and activators of transcription (STAT) family genes, including STAT3 and STAT5A, have been indicated to play important roles in GBM progression. Increasing number of reports suggest that Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone and major bioactive component of Garcinia indica contains potent anti-cancer activities. Material & Methods: The present study investigated the anti-GBM effects of garcinol, focusing on the STAT3/STAT5A activation, using a combination of bioinformatics, in vitro, and ex vivo assays. Results: Our bioinformatics analysis of TCGA - GBM cohort (n=173) showed that STAT3 and STAT5A are preferentially elevated in primary and recurrent GBM, compared to non-tumor brain tissues, and is significantly correlated with reduced overall survival. In support, our immunohistochemical staining of a GBM cohort (n=30) showed an estimated 5.3-fold (p<0.001) elevation in STAT3 and STAT5A protein expression in primary and recurrent GBM versus the non-tumor group. In vitro, garcinol treatment significantly suppressed the proliferative, invasive, and migratory potential of U87MG or GBM8401 cells, dose-dependently. In addition, garcinol anticancer effect significantly attenuated the GBM stem cell-like phenotypes, as reflected by diminished ability of U87MG or GBM8401 to form colonies and tumorspheres and suppressed expression of OCT4 and SOX2. Furthermore, analysis on GBM transcriptome revealed an inverse correlation between the level of STAT3/5A and hsa-miR-181d. Garcinol-mediated anti-GBM effects were associated with an increased hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratio. Conclusion: We present evidence of anti-GBM efficacy of garcinol mediated by enhancing the hsa-miR-181d/STAT3 and hsa-miR-181d/5A ratios in GBM cells. Our findings suggest a potential new therapeutic agent for combating aggressive GBM.
ARTISANAL FISHING DISCARDS AS BIRDSââ‚¬â„¢ FOOD RESOURCE IN THE SOUTHERN BRAZIL
Authors: De David CHELOTTI Luíza , De Souza Brandão de FIGUEIREDO Nícolas , Santos dos SANTOS Paulo Roberto
Published: August 2019

Fishing discards have been reported as a source of food for birds, especially in industrial fishing, however little is known if the same occurs with artisanal fishing. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that the discards of artisanal fishing are used by birds as food, including limnic and land species. Between August 2013 and July 2014, 30 observations were made at four observation points, located in southern of Brazil, where the frequency of occurrence, similarity in the use of the resource and the comparison between discards areas were analyzed. A total of 33 bird species and 34 discarded taxa were recorded, with differences between the sampled areas. Four groups of birds were identified: (1) waterbirds that consume food in both environments (seven species); (2) waterbirds that consume food in the aquatic environment (seven species); (3) waterbirds consuming food in the land environment (10 species) and (4) land species (nine species). The aquatic environment had a higher number of discards than the land one. Discards are used by a large number of bird species and their use is determined by the discards area, morphological characteristic and foraging technique of birds. Thus, the study hypothesis was accepted.
EFFECT OF THE C:N RATIO ON Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820) PRODUCTION USING TILAPIA FARMING WASTEWATER
Authors: Cavalcanti Pereira MOTA Géssica , Vilela Figueiredo da Silva CAMPOS Clarissa , Silva de MORAES Laenne Barbara , Nunes Aguiar BRUZACA David , BRITO Luís Otávio , Olivera  GÁLVEZ Alfredo
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to produce Daphnia magna in wastewater from Tilapia farmed in a biofloc system, to evaluate three different carbohydrate:nitrogen ratios. The experiment was conducted for 30 days following a completely randomized experimental design, with the three treatments: C:N 10:1, C:N 15:1 and C:N 20:1, all fed with Chlorella vulgaris. The physical-chemical variables of the water analyzed were: temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, TAN, NO2 , hardness and alkalinity. The following growth variables of the Daphnia were also evaluated: Maximum average density (MAD), Maximum density day (MDD), Specific growth rate (SGR), Doubling time (DT) and yield (Y). The water quality variables remained in the range of ideal conditions for the species, presenting significant differences (p <0.05) among the treatments for: pH, DO, hardness and alkalinity. Regarding the growth variables, significant differences (p <0.05) were observed, with higher MAD, Y and SGR values for the 10:1 treatment (3,433 Â± 267 ind L-1, 245 Â± 19 ind L-1 day- 1 and 45.3 Â± 0.6% day-1, respectively) and lower for the 20:1 (1,011 Â± 283 ind L-1, 55 Â± 15 ind L-1 day-1 and 28.3 Â± 1.6% day-1, respectively). The MDD occurred on day 12 for the 10:1 treatment and on day 18 for the 15:1 and 20:1 treatments. Alkalinity and hardness had stronger influence on the growth variables, which was also indicated by the simple linear regression. The principal component analysis (PCA), with 80% of explanation, identified high values of SGR, density and Y for the 10:1 and high values of alkalinity, hardness, DT and NO2 for the 20:1. Thus, the use of effluent from Tilapia farming in a biofloc system with a C:N ratio of 10:1 provided better production results for D. magna, demonstrating that it is an option for the production of live feed for aquaculture.
THE FISHERY EXPLOITATION OF ACOUPA WEAKFISH OFF SÃO PAULO COAST, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: MARTINS Rodrigo Silvestre , Garcia ALVARES Julia , Leite MOURATO Bruno , Olinto Ávila da SILVA Antônio , César Cyrino BASTOS Gastão
Published: August 2019

The Acoupa weakfish Cynoscion acoupa (Lacepí­¨de, 1801) is a large inshore sciaenid of commercial and social importance found along the entire Brazilian coast. In spite of this, there is few information on the species, both in terms of biological aspects and fishery yields, particularly off southeastern Brazil. Within this context, this study aimed to an evaluation of Acoupa weakfish fishery production off São Paulo coast (23Â°22ââ‚¬â„¢í 25Â°18ââ‚¬â„¢S) based on publicly available statistical data collected between 1998 and 2016. Acoupa weakfish fishery in this State takes place on both industrial and artisanal scales, and employs at least 22 different fishing gears. The pair-trawling fishery was the most important Acoupa weakfish producer during the period surveyed, with a sharp decline in the catches from 2007 onward due to the establishment of Marine Protected Areas off São Paulo coast, which banned trawling in depths shallower than 26 meters. Acoupa weakfish yields were relatively low in São Paulo when compared with other demersal fishes exploited, despite the high retail prices commanded by the species in regional markets and restaurants.
Team Approach: Role of Medical and Surgical Management in Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand and Wrist
Authors: O’Shaughnessy Maureen A. , Kannas Stephanie , Ernste Floranne , Rizzo Marco
Published: August 2019

» Treatment of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis affecting the hand and wrist can be a challenging endeavor. Optimal management for best outcomes includes careful collaboration between providers managing the medical treatment of the disease, therapists, hand surgeons, and the patient.

» In this review, we present a challenging clinical scenario with input from key voices from various medical fields to provide a balanced and unbiased diagnosis and treatment recommendation for a patient with complex rheumatoid pathology affecting her hand and wrist.
Investigation of Rupture and Slip Mechanisms of Hydraulic Fractures in Multiple-Layered Formations
Authors: Tang Jizhou , Wu Kan , Zuo Lihua , Xiao Lizhi , Sun Sijie , Ehlig–Economides Christine
Published: August 2019

Weak bedding planes (BPs) that exist in many tight oil formations and shale–gas formations might strongly affect fracture–height growth during hydraulic–fracturing treatment. Few of the hydraulic–fracture–propagation models developed for unconventional reservoirs are capable of quantitatively estimating the fracture–height containment or predicting the fracture geometry under the influence of multiple BPs. In this paper, we introduce a coupled 3D hydraulic–fracture–propagation model considering the effects of BPs. In this model, a fully 3D displacement–discontinuity method (3D DDM) is used to model the rock deformation. The advantage of this approach is that it addresses both the mechanical interaction between hydraulic fractures and weak BPs in 3D space and the physical mechanism of slippage along weak BPs. Fluid flow governed by a finite–difference methodology considers the flow in both vertical fractures and opening BPs. An iterative algorithm is used to couple fluid flow and rock deformation. Comparison between the developed model and the Perkins–Kern–Nordgren (PKN) model showed good agreement.

I–shaped fracture geometry and crossing–shaped fracture geometry were analyzed in this paper. From numerical investigations, we found that BPs cannot be opened if the difference between overburden stress and minimum horizontal stress is large and only shear displacements exist along the BPs, which damage the planes and thus greatly amplify their hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, sensitivity studies investigate the impact on fracture propagation of parameters such as pumping rate (PR), fluid viscosity, and Young's modulus (YM). We investigated the fracture width near the junction between a vertical fracture and the BPs, the latter including the tensile opening of BPs and shear–displacement discontinuities (SDDs) along them. SDDs along BPs increase at the beginning and then decrease at a distance from the junction. The width near the junctions, the opening of BPs, and SDDs along the planes are directly proportional to PR. Because viscosity increases, the width at a junction increases as do the SDDs. YM greatly influences the opening of BPs at a junction and the SDDs along the BPs. This model estimates the fracture–width distribution and the SDDs along the BPs near junctions between the fracture tip and BPs and enables the assessment of the PR required to ensure that the fracture width at junctions and along intersected BPs is sufficient for proppant transport.
Catalytic-Effect Comparison Between Nickel and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles During Aquathermolysis-Aided Cyclic Steam Stimulation
Authors: Yi Siyuan , Babadagli Tayfun , Li Huazhou Andy
Published: August 2019

Cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) is a proven effective technique for boosting oil production. Metal species can act as a catalyst for aquathermolysis reactions between heavy oil and water during the CSS process. For this paper, a series of CSS experiments with and without metal nanoparticles was conducted at temperatures up to 220°C to compare the performance of nickel and iron oxide nanoparticles in promoting aquathermolysis reactions in CSS; further, different loadings of metal nanoparticles were also tested in the CSS experiments. During the experiments, we monitored the variations of oil recovery factor, oil viscosity, gas composition, and water production. The experimental results show that both nickel and iron oxide nanoparticles can act as a catalyst for aquathermolysis reactions and reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. However, their respective catalytic effects differ significantly: nickel nanoparticles can break the C-S bond more effectively than iron oxide metal nanoparticles, thus achieving a higher ultimate oil recovery factor of CSS. The introduction of metal nanoparticles boosted oil production and increased water production from the very first cycle in the CSS process. The gas chromatography (GC) analysis and the pressure data recorded during each soaking period revealed that a higher amount of evolved gas including alkenes and hydrogen sulfide was generated in the early stage, increasing reservoir pressure and forcing more condensed water to be produced from the sandpack.
Experimental Study of Surfactant-Assisted Oil Recovery in the Middle Bakken Cores
Authors: Zhang Shaojie , Li Chuncheng , Pu Hui , Ling Kegang , Sun Runxuan , Zhao Julia Xiaojun
Published: August 2019

In this study, six core samples were obtained from the Middle Bakken Formation in North Dakota. Before the imbibition experiment, petrophysical analysis were conducted for the samples. XRD method was used to analyze the mineral composition. Nitrogen adsorption and SEM methods were combined to study the pore size distribution and microstructures. Then the authors performed brine imbibition and surfactant imbibition for six Bakken cores and two Berea sandstones. Before the experiment, the cores were fully filled with Bakken crude oil. The core plugs were then submerged into the brine and surfactant solutions with all-face-open (AFO) condition. Experiments of brine and surfactant imbibing into oil-filled cores were carried out with recording of recovered oil volume using imbibition cells. Different types of surfactants such as cationic, anionic, and nonionic, were tested in the study. Those experiments evaluate the oil displacement efficiencies of brine and different surfactants in Bakken rocks.
Descriptive Data Analytics to Investigate Stimulation and Completion Trends in the United States: How Proppant and Water Utilization have Changed over Time?
Authors: Al-Alwani Mustafa A. , Britt Larry K. , Dunn-Norman Shari , Alkinani Husam H. , Al-Hameedi Abo Taleb , Salem Ebrahem , Al-Attar Atheer M. , Al-Bazzaz Waleed H.
Published: August 2019

The United States hydraulic fracturing and completion activities have seen a paradigm shift in the pumped water and proppant volumes along the increasing completed lateral over time. Hydraulic fracturing has become the most dominant treatment in North America to tap the unconventional resources. Large scale analysis of the completion size in terms of the amount of proppant, water, and lateral length trends over the period of 2011 and 2018 is presented in this paper. The objective of this study is to elucidate the completion trends over time and to summarize the average values of the completion and stimulation parameters. It will put the readers’ mind in perspective of how much proppant and water have been utilized over the years and shine a light on the progression of the industry growing demand on water and proppant.

Data from FracFocus website, which serves as an official chemical disclosure registry for many of the oil and gas states, were utilized in this study. For each stimulated well, it reports water volume and mass percentage of proppant and all other chemical ingredients. The raw data were scraped, parsed, and cleaned using advanced statistical and validation approaches to extract useful information out of the noisy data. A database of more than 80,000 wells was built and integrated into this study. Proppant total mass and the concentration of other chemical ingredients were calculated. The obtained new variables were coupled with other completion parameters such as the horizontal length, perforated lateral length, and well types.

The data of each parameter were subjected to rigorous quality control and inspected for outliers. After passing all the data quality and validation procedures, an advanced data visualization technique was selected to reflect the trends over time. The overall trends of the whole aggregated United States are presented in this paper. Investigating the created visualizations showed that there is an undeniable increasing trend in the amount of the proppant and water being consumed over the investigated period.

This paper exploits a large number of wells and their associated parameters. Such a large dataset will provide a comprehensive and practical representation of the completion and stimulation trends. It will also establish a baseline and reference values for the investigated parameters by benchmarking the mean, median, and other statistical expressions for each time period.
Sand Transport, Does Viscosity Matter?
Authors: Galindo Tanhee
Published: August 2019

The ability to effectively transport sand without the use of guar-based fluids has led to the development of friction reducers that build viscosity. These new products, also known as high viscosity friction reducers (HVFR) generate viscosities comparable to or greater than linear gel fluids. The selection criteria have focused primarily on achieving greater than 10 cP at 300 RPM (511s-1). As the salinity of the base fluid changes, the HVFR dosages must be increased up to 4X to meet this target. However, there is limited data available on how this viscosity correlates to the fluid’s ability to transport sand. This study presents methodology used to screen HVFR’s in various fluids and results on product performance, which identifies need for alternative specifications to viscosity.

The sand transport capacity under dynamic conditions was evaluated for two commercially available HVFR’s in up to 120,000 TDS synthetic water. A slot flow apparatus was used to mimic fluid flow through a fracture under different shear and flow conditions. The viscosity and elasticity were also measured using an advanced rotational rheometer. For comparison, a linear gel fluid was also evaluated.

While viscosity targets can be achieved by many commercially available HVFR products in freshwater, when salinity is increased, these products fail to meet the same targets. A comparison of the viscosity versus the sand transport capacity of these fluids, suggests viscosity does not indicate sand carrying capacity. The author did not find a correlation between higher viscosity and better sand transport. The results provided insight into the effect of flow rate on sand transport. The effect of salinity on s and transport suggests good performance can be achieved even at low viscosity. Elasticity testing of those same products suggested that HVFR’s have a critical elasticity range at which they will provide optimal performance.

This paper provides insight into the HVFR properties which correlate to sand transport and highlights the need for development of standardized test criteria other than viscosity. Further testing and screening of HVFR’s will increase the understanding of key factors influencing sand transport.
Quantifying the Impact of Fracturing Chemicals on Production Performance Using Machine Learning
Authors: Rastogi Ayush , Sharma Akash
Published: August 2019

Completion design is widely considered as a dynamic area of experimentation and development due to its significant impact on production performance in unconventional reservoirs. As the industry moves beyond the paradigm of proppant and base fluid analysis, more and more focus is being given to the composition of chemicals being used in the completion design. This paper focuses on quantifying the true impact of these chemicals used in completion design by using machine learning to solve this multivariable problem and creates value by providing a framework to help completion engineers select the optimum chemicals and aid in fracture treatment design process, using a data-driven approach.

Depending on the shale formation being fractured, a typical fracture treatment job uses a very low concentration of 3-12 additive chemicals. This selection is carried out from thousands of commercially available chemicals and is based on treatment job performance carried out during the modeling phase as well as from field experience. In this work the authors have tried to deconstruct the varied chemical groups used in a hydraulic fracturing job, to analyze its impact independently.

In order to understand the impact of hydraulic fracturing chemicals on short term (6 month BOE), midterm (12 month BOE) and long term (24 months BOE) productivity, an analysis is performed using feature selection methods like SelectKBest (F Regression score), Tree-based regression, Mutual Info Regression, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) and Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS). In this paper, Max Ingredient Mass (LBS) is utilized for correlation with production to determine if more or fewer quantities should be used in the Powder River Basin. Comprehensive data exploration is carried out to generate correlations between the chemicals and productivity which helps to identify and link multiple causes to effects and weigh the strength of the correlations, which might not be obvious to the naked eye. A comparison of algorithms for three different target variables shows how certain chemicals are significant at the beginning of production and gain/lose their importance with time.

The present paper provides in-depth insight into the impact of the most commonly used chemical types in shale completions. It uses machine learning to provide a truly novel understanding of the individual contribution of these products. It adds to the understanding around this concept by developing a cause and effect relationship between chemical design and composition and the impact on production and provides recommendations on process optimization in completion design.
Fracture Hit Mitigation Through Surfactant-Based Treatment Fluids in Parent Wells
Authors: Xu Liang , Ogle James , Collier Todd
Published: August 2019

Pre-loading parent wells with surfactant-based treatment fluids for frac hit mitigation has been applied extensively in liquids-rich shale plays, where infill drilling and tighter well spacing are prerequisites for improved production and economic return. Pre-loads can provide a significant and temporary increase in fracture network pressure if done properly and are most effective with a surfactant and solvent package. However, it remains elusive why specific chemical packages help improve the parent well production, although the notion of capillary force resistance reduction for further treatment fluid leakoff into fractures and rock wettability alteration by surfactant has been proposed previously. Recent residual surfactant analysis in produced water from both parent and child wells indicates that there is indeed hydraulic communication after frac hits, and field trials in the Wolfcamp suggest that adding the same surfactant package in primary frac fluids in child wells can migrate to parent wells, thereby potentially activating various secondary oil recovery mechanisms.

Astrategy for properly selecting a surfactant solvent package is presented for parent wells. Most conventional surfactant tests do not provide much insight in the absence of formation rock. Instead, a rock-on-a-chip microfluidic device is used to illustrate the interactions between parent and child wells when frac hits occur. Spontaneous imbibitions of primary frac and secondary treatment fluids into formation rocks are performed along with computed tomography (CT) imaging to understand the surfactant efficacy for enhancing leakoff into secondary fractures.

Oil recovery and associated water saturation in the microfluidic-based device with or without surfactant are quantified and reveal that the oil recovery is enhanced with surfactant, and water saturation in the parent well could be reduced thereby mitigating water blocks from primary frac fluid invasion from child wells. Spontaneous imbibition results provide insight into a surfactant's effectiveness to leakoff into secondary fractures within a matter of several days, which coincides with a typical short time window for the offset frac to begin to achieve maximum pressure support.
Application of Multivariate Statistical Methods to Reservoir Fluid Characterization in Unconventional Liquid-Rich Basins
Authors: Afekare Dayo Akintan
Published: August 2019

The objective of this work is to demonstrate the application of multivariate statistical tools in unconventional reservoir fluid characterization using publicly available PVT data and design a fluid characterization workflow. Several oil and gas properties were predicted for fluids in Eagle Ford groups, namely Eagle ford 1 (ef1), Eagle Ford 2 (ef2), Eagle Ford Shale (efs) and Eagle Ford (ef).

Principal component analyses (PCA) was first used for dimensionality reduction and selection of components that account for large variation of the dataset. Next, multivariate regression analyses were used to predict PVT properties as a function of reservoir fluid composition using gathered reports. Major steps in regression are trends observation, correlation of trend parameters with composition, model reconstruction and calibration.

PCA results show that virtually all original variables are required to account for substantial variation within the PVT datasets. It is also noticed that the first 3 principal components account for 84% of dataset variability. Regression models of different fluid properties including gas-oil ratio (GOR), oil formation volume factor, gas density, gas viscosity, API, saturation pressure developed for Eagle Ford Shale formation fluids demonstrate a superior level of accuracy on average (R sq. = 0.8-0.94) and it was revealed that most properties can be determined directly from mole percentage of hydrocarbon fractions. A strong correlation between initial reservoir pressure and formation true vertical depth (TVD) was identified from the PVT data. Consequently, oil formation volume factor and GOR maps covering areas where analysed data were collected from with R sq. above 0.8 were designed. A user-friendly reservoir fluid characterization workflow was proposed and can be applied to any type of reservoir fluid window- black oil, dry gas or condensate - in a liquid-rich basin. Exceptions were identified and discussed.

Reliable estimation of reservoir fluid properties has a tremendous impact on different facets of unconventional reservoir field development: drilling, completion, reservoir management, and economic analyses. Current understanding of shale PVT is inadequate due to difficulty in obtaining representative fluid samples before (low permeability) and after (large produced water volumes) hydraulic fracturing. Thus, this study builds on recent efforts in understanding shale PVT behavior and potentially eliminating need for rigorous fluid sampling using multivariate statistical methods.