bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Distribution of Glycine and Aspartic Acid in Rapidly Frozen Brines Relevant to Enceladus
Authors: Vu Tuan H. , Hodyss Robert , Johnson Paul V. , Cable Morgan L.
Published: August 2023

Saturn’s moon Enceladus harbors a global, subsurface liquid ocean beneath an icy crust that actively erupts water jets from fissures in its south pole. Data returned from the Cassini mission have identified salts and organic matter within these ejected plume particles. Such combinations of water, organics, and salts present rather complex chemical environments that may hold direct implications for habitability. The fundamental behavior of organics in frozen brine systems upon exposure to relevant Enceladus surface conditions is an important aspect that has not been explored to date (e.g., how they organize and partition relative to the salt minerals within the ice matrix). The present work investigates this topic by characterizing the spatial distribution of two amino acids with different side chains (glycine and aspartic acid) in a putative frozen Enceladus brine, containing sodium, chloride, and carbonate ions, via micro-Raman imaging. The results show that both organic–salt solutions likely undergo some degree of vitrification upon flash freezing, especially for the chloride-bearing species. The subsequent annealing of the vitreous samples reveals a preferential association of the amino acids with crystalline salt hydrates, while minimal negative to no correlation is found between them and water ice. In particular, both amino acids exhibit stronger affinities for natron (Na2CO3•10H2O) than hydrohalite (NaCl•2H2O). This suggests that solute–solute interaction likely dominates in these frozen systems, especially when charged species are present. The results imply that salt-rich ice particles can serve as concentrators of organic biomarkers, enhancing their potential for detection from remote sensing or in situ analysis.
A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)
Authors: Knapp Sandra , Särkinen Tiina , Barboza Gloria E.
Published: August 2023

The Morelloid clade, also known as the black nightshades or “Maurella” (Morella), is one of the 10 major clades within the mega-diverse genus Solanum L. The clade is most diverse in the central to southern Andes, but species occur around the tropics and subtropics, some extending well into the temperate zone. Plants of the group vary from herbs to short-lived perennials to perennial shrubs that are distinctly woody at the base, they have small mostly white or purplish white flowers and small juicy berries. Due to the complex morphological variation and weedy nature of these plants, coupled with the large number of published synonyms (especially for European taxa), our understanding of species limits and diversity in the Morelloid clade has lagged behind that of other clades in Solanum. Here we provide the last in a three-part series of monographic treatments of the morelloid solanums (see PhytoKeys Vols. 106, 125), treating the 62 species occurring in South America. This region is by far the most diverse in the clade, both in terms of species number and morphological diversity. We provide complete synonymy, nomenclatural details, including lecto- and neotypifications where needed, common names and uses, morphological descriptions, illustrations to aid identification both in herbaria and in the field, and distribution maps for all native, non-cultivated species. We include a key to all species, a synoptic character list for the species treated here and links to synoptic online keys for all species of the Morelloid clade. Preliminary conservation assessments following IUCN guidelines are also provided for all native species.
Cohomologies of modified $ \lambda $-differential Lie triple systems and applications
Authors: Teng Wen , Long Fengshan , Zhang Yu
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we introduce the concept and representation of modified $ \lambda $-differential Lie triple systems. Next, we define the cohomology of modified $ \lambda $-differential Lie triple systems with coefficients in a suitable representation. As applications of the proposed cohomology theory, we study 1-parameter formal deformations and abelian extensions of modified $ \lambda $-differential Lie triple systems.
Black Women in Leadership in the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Space
Authors: Meshelemiah Jacquelyn C. A.
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, the author discusses Black women's formal and informal ways of leadership and the good, the bad, and ugly of that leadership. This will be illustrated through the lens of servant leadership and Critical Race Feminist Perspective—an offshoot of Critical Race Theory. The “good” in the chapter will focus on the advantages and benefits of Black women leadership, while the “bad” focuses on the resistance to that leadership. Last, the “ugly” will focus on the sociopolitical debris that gets in the way of Black women leading and reaching their full potential as leaders in the academy.
Mentoring Is the Minimum
Authors: Robinson Adrienne M.
Published: August 2023

Black women have a presence in higher education. However, there is still a small exemplification of Black women in higher education leadership. Black women are gradually rising in the positions of higher education leadership and the need for mentorship for these women is crucial. The chapter will cover the following topics: Black women in higher education leadership, defining mentoring, structuring mentoring, mentoring relationships, boundaries (relating to mentoring), mentoring models, and a conclusion. The goal of the chapter will not only be to discuss and understand mentoring as part of the pathway for Black women in higher education leadership but to realize that the nuances and intersection of mentoring, gender, and race are topics that can only grow in-depth and understanding the more explored and prioritized.
The Role of Organizational Culture on Women's Leadership in Organizations in Switzerland
Authors: Yordanova Silvena Dencheva , Asghari Vahid
Published: August 2023

Each organization is defined by its own culture, formed by the key stakeholders. For some companies, it is considered as male culture being aggressive, whereas other companies tolerate different organizational beliefs. For sure, the organizational culture reflects on the values of all its members. It affects human resource practices also. How people are selected in interviews and how their career planning is performed reflects also the company values. It is considered that the performance of the companies measured by the revenues and turnover of staff depend on the leaders in the organization. The following hypotheses have been formulated: 1. Women's leadership positively affects the organizational culture of organizations based in Switzerland. 2. Women's leadership positively affects organizational values of organizations in Switzerland. 3. Women's leadership positively affects organizational conditions of organizations in Switzerland. 4. Women's leadership positively affects the organizational environment of organizations based in Switzerland.
Revolutionizing Government Communication
Authors: Nimbagal Suvarna V. , Panda Ansumalini , Kulkarni Srushti , Bilebhavi Shrushti , Hiremath G. S.
Published: August 2023

Governments recognized that an increasing number of citizens are present on social networks rather than government websites. Reviewing the effects that social media have had on government, as well as the role that these new technologies have played and the implications they have for the future, appears pertinent. This is true given that the Indian government predicts that information and communication technologies-enabled services will significantly affect economic growth, inclusion, and quality of life, and that the extensive use of social media for communication ensures awareness and transparency in the government's objectives and strategies for implementing various schemes. Social networking software and social media have evolved into tools for communication, entertainment, and change, and it is reasonable to believe that they will continue to have an impact on our world. This chapter uses applications like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram to develop a case study-based framework for assessing communication effectiveness on social networks in India.
Youth Aspirations Towards Industry 4.0 Job Requirements
Authors: Djukic Mihajlo Dusan , Pavlovic Dejana
Published: August 2023

A push towards digitalization and a solid inflow of foreign investments has provided a basis to create new jobs and facilitate a smoother transition of youth into the Serbian labor market. Although still inordinately high when compared to its EU counterparts, the unemployment rate youth has decreased over the last decade following improved macroeconomic trends. Further positive outcomes necessitate targeted, labor market policies focused on strengthening employability - of interest to research are changes in the external environment (particularly Industry 4.0 requirements) and deficiencies caused by rigidity in formal education. Taking into consideration youth career aspirations and capacities, a Principal Component Factor Analysis was applied to data collected from the survey of youth (18-29 years old, n=125). The results help provide conclusions on youth attitudes related to learning preferences, additional skills required and the self-estimation of their digital-skill capacities. The analysis extracts five factors relevant for developing effective active labor market measures.
Learning Innovations for Developing Teachers' Competencies in Thai Communication in the 21st Century
Authors: Chaisri Rungarun Rojrattanadamrong , Satjapiboon Suppawan , Rueangkitchanan Adisorn
Published: August 2023

This research aims to evaluate current and desired conditions, develop innovative learning methods, and measure their effectiveness in enhancing Thai communication competencies among teachers in the 21st century. The core competencies include: Principles of the Thai language, listening, speaking, reading, and writing; the use of the language; communication etiquette; Thai language aesthetics; moral and communication ethics. The results showed that teachers' knowledge and skill competencies were at a moderate level, but their desire for improvement was high. Data analysis evidenced the effectiveness of the Thai language learning innovation; indeed, the posttest score of the teachers' Thai communication competency assessment was statistically significantly higher (70%) than the benchmark (p < .05).
Traditional Finance vs. Web 3
Authors: Jha Babita , Giri Pratibha , Jha Deepak , Dhanya Debora
Published: August 2023

Web3 is a ground-breaking invention that has the ability to address the shortcomings of web1 and web2. The industry witnessing its major impact is the finance sector. A wave of innovation in traditional finance has been inspired by the introduction of Web3. It is also referred to as the decentralised web and is a developing movement that is upending conventional finance by providing a more open, safe, and decentralised substitute. Traditional banking should work to adopt the features that Web3 offers, including stability, scalability, interoperability, security, performance, extensibility, management, and openness. In order for TradFi to maintain its relevance and expertise in the face of the widespread adoption of digital financial modes, it is now necessary to embrace several Web3 capabilities. Keeping into consideration the relevance and importance of Web3 in finance, this chapter will basically focus on analysing the key features and characteristics of Web3 in comparison to traditional finance.
Menstrual Hygiene Management
Authors: Gurung Pratima , Rajbanshi Roshani , Bastien Sheri , Luitel Bal Chandra
Published: August 2023

Ensuring proper menstrual hygiene among girls in Nepal, particularly in rural schools, is challenging due to limited access to sanitary pads, inadequate toilets, and a lack of waste management facilities. To improve menstruation hygiene practices among teenage girls, the authors conducted participatory action research in one of the community schools in rural Nepal involving 28 female students who learned to make reusable fabric pads. Qualitative data was collected from a focus group discussion which was held with seven members of the pad bank management committee to discuss their menstrual hygiene routines at school. They showcased their empowerment by establishing a pad bank in their school, improving access to sanitary pads, and enabling them to manage their menstruation comfortably. A comprehensive intervention should focus on education, proper facilities, and waste management to empower girls and break barriers to education. Collaboration between schools, communities, and policymakers is essential for sustainable progress.
Blockchain Tokens for Enterprise Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Zheng Kangning , Zhang Justin Zuopeng , Le Taowen
Published: August 2023

Virtual knowledge communities have become essential platforms for enterprises to facilitate knowledge sharing. However, due to the lack of effective incentive mechanisms, the traditional virtual knowledge community is generally inefficient in attracting high-quality content and maintaining enthusiasm for users' long-term participation. To address these problems, we theoretically explore the characteristics and economic ecology of enterprise knowledge sharing based on blockchain tokens to promote its sustained development. Specifically, we examine the application scenarios of token-economy activities through system-dynamics simulation and discuss the development status and path of the economic ecology. In addition, we studied the blockchain token-based incentive and penalty mechanisms for virtual knowledge communities to better stimulate knowledge sharing. Finally, the research method is applied to the GienTech supply chain finance community website to validate the proposed model and analysis. The findings contribute to the existing literature and point enterprises in a new direction in designing more effective incentive mechanisms to improve knowledge-sharing in virtual knowledge communities.
HEMOGLOBIN H DISEASE AND GROWTH: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DHbH AND NDHbH PATIENTS
Authors: Hunnuan Issanun , SAnpakit Kleebsabai , Lertbannaphong Ornsuda , Buaboonnam Jassada
Published: August 2023

Background: Hemoglobin H disease (HbH), a hemoglobinopathy resulting from abnormal alpha globin genes, is classified into two categories: deletional HbH (DHbH) and non-deletional HbH (NDHbH). The alpha-mutation genotypes exhibit a range of clinical anemias, which differentially impact patient growth.

Objectives: This retrospective study assessed the growth of HbH patients at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with HbH between January 2005 and April 2021 were analyzed using growth standard scores of the Thai Society for Pediatric Endocrinology (2022 version) and BMI-for-age Z scores of the World Health Organization. Growth failure was defined as a patient’s height for age exceeding two standard deviations below the mean.

Results: Of the 145 HbH patients, 75 (51.7%) had NDHbH, with --SEA/αCSα being the most common genotype (70 patients; 93.3%). The mean baseline hemoglobin level was significantly lower in NDHbH patients than in DHbH patients (8.16 ± 0.93 g/dL vs. 9.51 ± 0.68 g/dL; P < 0.001). Splenomegaly and growth failure prevalences were higher in NDHbH patients (37.3% vs. 0%, with P < 0.001, and 22.7% vs. 8.6%, with P = 0.020, respectively). Multivariable analysis revealed that splenomegaly > 3 cm was associated with growth failure (OR = 4.28; 95% CI, 1.19–15.39; P = 0.026).

Conclusions: NDHbH patients exhibited lower hemoglobin levels and more pronounced splenomegaly than DHbH patients. Growth failure can occur in both HbH types but appears more prevalent in NDHbH. Close monitoring of growth velocity is essential, and early treatment interventions may be required to prevent growth failure.
BONE MARROW MICROENVIRONMENT INVOLVEMENT IN T-MN: FOCUS ON MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS
Authors: Voso Maria Teresa , Falconi Giulia , Fabiani Emiliano
Published: August 2023

Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) are a late complication of cytotoxic therapy (CT) used in the treatment of both malignant and non-malignant diseases. Historically, t-MN has been considered to be a direct consequence of DNA damage induced in normal hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells (HSPC) by CT. However, we now know that treatment-induced mutations in HSC are not the only players involved in t-MN development but additional factors may contribute to the onset of t-MN.

One of the known drivers involved in this field is the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) and in particular bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) whose role in t-MN pathogenesis is the topic of this mini-review.

BM-MSC, physiologically, support HSC maintenance, self-renewal, and differentiation, through hematopoietic–stromal interactions and production of cytokines. In addition, BM-MSC maintain the stability of the BM immune microenvironment and reduce the damage caused to HSC by stress stimuli.

In t-MN context, chemo/radio-therapy may induce damage to the BM-MSC and likewise alter BM-MSC functions by promoting pro-inflammatory response, clonal selection and/or the production of factors that may favor malignant hematopoiesis.

Over the last decade, it has been shown that BM-MSC isolated from patients with de novo and therapy-related MN exhibit decreased proliferative and clonogenic capacity, altered morphology, increased senescence, defective osteogenic differentiation potential, impaired immune-regulatory properties, and reduced ability to support HSC growth and differentiation, as compared to normal BM-MSC.

Although the understanding of the genetic and gene expression profile associated with ex vivo-expanded t-MN-MSCs remains limited and debatable, its potential role in prognostic and therapeutic terms is acting as a flywheel of attraction of many researchers.
Lipid Profile and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: AL-Bahrani Sarah Maan , Yassin Batool A.Gh.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus, to investigate the association between dyslipidemia and glycemic control, and to highlight potential determinants of poor glycemic control. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 450 patients with type 2 diabetes, attending the National Diabetes Center, Baghdad during 2019, were included. Each participant was interviewed using a data collection form to collect the needed demographic, medical, and social data. All participants were investigated for lipid profile assay comprising of TC, TG, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Data on the patients’ HbA1C levels were recorded. Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia among patients with type 2 diabetes was 69.8%; poor glycemic control was associated with dyslipidemia. Smoking and lack of regular self-monitoring of blood sugar were associated with poor glycemic control. Increased weight and higher waist circumference were associated with higher HbA1c levels. Higher mean of HbA1c was found in female gender. The glycemic control affects not only the blood sugar levels of the patients but also their lipid profile. Good glycemic control has an important role in controlling dyslipidemia and preventing and reducing diabetic complications. Conclusions: Poor glycemic control is significantly associated with dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients.
Changes in corneal thickness in poorly controlled type-II diabetics after reaching a properly controlled diabetic status
Authors: El Haddad Ossama , Ansari Imran , Massoud Tamer H.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the corneal thickness changes in the uncontrolled diabetics when proper control was achieved.

Design

This is a retrospective, randomized, clinical trial.

Patients and methods

The charts of 198 eyes of 99 uncontrolled diabetic patients (with glycosylated hemoglobin≥7%) were selected using standard random tables. Complete ophthalmologic examination with central corneal thickness (CCT) measurement using the Nidek tonoref III was extrapolated. The glycemic status of the patients was controlled (glycosylated hemoglobin <7%) in a 3-month period. The CCT of all patients was recorded before and after the glycemic control and was compared.

Results

The mean CCT value of the uncontrolled diabetic patients’ eyes was 531.38±35.56 μm (range=465–602 μm). After achieving the glycemic control, the mean CCT value was 533.95±32.33 μm (range=478–626 μm), with no statistically significant difference (t=−0.524, P=0.601).

Conclusion

The CCT values did not show any significant change in type-II diabetics after their transit from the uncontrolled to the controlled states.
Efficacy of autologous platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of dormant corneal ulcer
Authors: Basiony Ahmed I. , Omira Ehdaa A. , Elsobky Hoda M.
Published: August 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) eye drops to conventional therapy (preservative-free artificial tears and vitamin A gel drops) in the management of dormant corneal ulcer.

Patients and methods

This prospective study was conducted on 50 eyes of 50 patients with dormant corneal ulcer. The patients were randomized into two equal groups: group I, treated with PRP eye drops plus conventional therapy, and group II, treated with conventional therapy only. Corrected distance visual acuity, healing of corneal surface, and subjective symptoms were evaluated.

Results

There was a statistically highly significant difference between the pretreatment and the 3-month posttreatment ulcer size in the PRP group (3.76±1.33 and 0.92±1.96 mm, respectively, P<0.001) as well as in the conventional group (4.12±0.97 and 2.72±2.28 mm, respectively, P=0.005). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the degree of healing, favoring the PRP group (P=0.004), as clinical improvement was evident in 22 (88%) eyes in group I of which 18 (72%) eyes showed complete response and four (16%) eyes showed partial response, whereas in group II, clinical improvement was evident in 12 (48%) eyes, of which seven (28%) eyes showed complete response and five (20%) eyes showed partial response. There was a nonsignificant difference between the two groups regarding the pretreatment ulcer size (P=0.26). However, there was a significant difference between the two groups after 3 months regarding the ulcer size, the difference in ulcer size compared with the pretreatment size, and the symptom improvement, favoring the PRP group (P=0.002, 0.02, and 0.002, respectively). However, there was a nonsignificant difference between the two groups regarding the visual improvement (P=0.076). There were no complications related to the treatment in both groups.

Conclusions

Autologous PRP seems to be an effective treatment for dormant corneal ulcers with better healing outcomes when compared with the conventional treatment.
Comparison of topical application of cyclosporine A to prednisolone in treatment of dry eye disease
Authors: Zaky Marwa A. , Gaber Noha K. , Ghoneim Walaa S.E. , El-Ghoubashy Esraa S.
Published: August 2023

Background

Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ophthalmic disorder which affects 5–50% of the global population.

Aim

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of topical application of cyclosporine A (CsA) to prednisolone in patients with DED.

Patients and methods

The study included 40 patients diagnosed with DED. They were randomly divided into two groups: group A patients received treatment with topical 0.05% CsA twice a day, and group B patients received treatment with topical 1% prednisolone four times a day for 1 month. All patients were examined at three visits: before treatment, after 2 weeks, and 1 month after the intervention to show the effect of the two drugs on the tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s score, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and surface stain, in addition to assessment of the patient’s DED-related symptoms.

Results

In the prednisolone group, the pretreatment Schirmer’s test results were 3.05±1.57 and 2.35±1.57 mm for the right (OD) and left eyes (OS), respectively. It improved to 5.65±2.30 and 5.85±2.43 mm, respectively 2 weeks after discontinuation of treatment (posttreatment). Similarly, the pretreatment values for the CsA group were 1.35±1.57 and 2.0±1.52 mm and became 5.65±2.30 and 5.85±2.434 mm, respectively after treatment. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the pretreatment (P=0.001) and posttreatment (P=0.026) Schirmer’s test results. In the prednisolone group, the pretreatment TBUT was 4.20±1.61 and 3.85±1.09 s and improved to 6.60±1.31 and 6.85±1.42 s, respectively after treatment. Similarly, in the CsA group the pretreatment values were 2.65±1.81 and 3.30±1.38 s and became 8.65±1.69 and 9.30±1.42 s, respectively, posttreatment. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding the pretreatment (P=0.007) and posttreatment TBUT (P<0.001). The pretreatment OSDI, in the prednisolone group, was 47.28±5.31 and became 38.00±4.33 posttreatment. Similarly, in the CsA group, the pretreatment value was 49.18±8.69 and became 35.03±8.04 posttreatment. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the studied groups regarding the pretreatment and posttreatment OSDI (P>0.05). The surface stain improved in both groups after treatment, with the prednisolone group showing the greatest improvement at 2 weeks (P=0.002). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 1 month (P>0.05).

Conclusion

Both topical CsA and prednisolone demonstrated effectiveness in treating moderate to severe DED cases and were comparable. Prednisolone showed a greater improvement in OSDI (that assesses the DED-related symptoms) and surface stain, while CsA was associated with more improvement in Schirmer’s test and TBUT.
In-situ flanged intrascleral fixation of dislocated foldable intraocular lens
Authors: Elsayed Ayman M.A. , Samir Ahmed , Lotfy Ayman
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of in-situ transconjunctival scleral fixation of dislocated one-piece foldable intraocular lens (IOL) with flanged prolene 6/0 suture.

Patients and methods

The study included seven eyes of seven patients with dislocated IOL. A 6/0 prolene suture was threaded into a 30-G needle that was then passed transconjunctively. The needle was passed through the optic–haptic junction of the luxated IOL. The prolene was then retrieved through the corneal tunnel. Two central and two scleral bulbs (flanges) were created by heating the ends of the prolene suture.

Results

The best-corrected visual acuity was significantly improved from 0.16±0.05 preoperatively to 0.62±0.08 3 months postoperatively (P=0.006). There were nonsignificant IOP elevation and endothelial cell loss (P>0.05). All cases had well-centered IOL. No postoperative complications such as vitreous hemorrhage, macular edema, retinal detachment, or endophthalmitis were recorded.

Conclusion

In-situ transconjunctival scleral fixation of foldable one-piece IOLs is a safe effective technique for fixing dislocated IOLs.
A critical evaluation of anthropological, biochemical, and geo-climatic factors related to chronic kidney disease with unknown etiology in Sri Lanka
Authors: Hewapathirange Santhushya , Madagedara Ayesha , Chandrajith Rohana , Nannayakkara Nishantha
Published: August 2023

Background:

Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a critical health issue among farming communities of the dry zone in Sri Lanka.

Aims and Objectives:

This study was conducted to identify the possible anthropological, biochemical, and geo-environmental characteristics of CKDu, comparing an affected and nonaffected community.

Materials and Methods:

Serum creatinine (SC) levels were measured and estimated glomerular filtration rate values were calculated in both communities based on a stratified sampling method. Anthropological data, such as population structure, farming behavior, and poverty statistics, were obtained from the respective government officials. Geo-climatic data including elevation, monthly average temperature, rainfall, humidity, ultraviolet intensity, and sunshine hours were obtained for study areas.

Results:

The most striking difference between the two communities is significantly high SC in male individuals between the age categories of 40–60 in the CKDu endemic area in comparison to nonendemic participants in the same age category from the nonendemic area.

Conclusion:

Significant differences were observed in migration, drinking water sources, and hot humid environment between the two studied regions.
О случайных отображениях с ограничениями на размеры компонент
Authors: Yakymiv Arsen Lubomirovich
Published: August 2023

Пусть $\mathfrak{S}_{n}$ - полугруппа отображений множества $X$ из $n$ элементов в себя и $\mathfrak{S}_{n}(A)$ - совокупность отображений из $\mathfrak{S}_{n}$, размеры компонент которых принадлежат множеству $A$. Через $\sigma_n=\sigma_n(A)$ обозначим случайное отображение, имеющее равномерное распределение на множестве $\mathfrak{S}_{n}(A)$. Такие объекты были рассмотрены А. Н. Тимашевым в 2019 году. Для некоторого класса множеств $A$, имеющих положительные плотности в множестве $N$ натуральных чисел, найдена асимптотика числа элементов множества $\mathfrak{S}_{n}(A)$ при $n\rightarrow\infty$. Также получена оценка для расстояния по вариации между структурой отображения $\sigma_n(A)$ и соответствующей последовательностью независимых пуассоновских случайных величин.
Может ли энергия частиц быть отрицательной при отсутствии внешних полей?
Authors: Grib Andrei Anatol'evich , Pavlov Yurii Viktorovich
Published: August 2023

Исследован вопрос об условиях существования состояний частиц с отрицательной энергией в отсутствии внешних полей в инерциальных и неинерциальных системах отсчета. Показано, что в нерелятивистском случае в неинерциальных системах отсчета всегда существуют области, где энергия частиц отрицательна. Также показано, что в релятивистском случае существование состояний точечных частиц с отрицательной энергией не приводит к нарушению условия энергодоминантности. Рассмотрены условия появления отрицательной и нулевой энергии частиц для вселенной Милна и пространства-времени Риндлера.
Сильноинтенсивная переменная в модели высокоэнергетических
pp-взаимодействий с образованием струнных кластеров
Authors: Vechernin Vladimir Viktorovich , Belokurova Svetlana Nikolaevna
Published: August 2023

В рамках модели, учитывающей слияние кварк-глюонных струн и образование струнных кластеров, для случая pp-рассеяния при высоких энергиях рассчитана сильноинтенсивная переменная $\Sigma$, характеризующая корреляции между числом частиц, образующихся в двух разнесенных по быстроте интервалах наблюдения. Проведено сравнение результатов расчетов с экспериментальными данными коллаборации ALICE на Большом адронном коллайдере. Показано, что экспериментально наблюдаемый рост этой переменной с увеличением начальной энергии можно объяснить только с учетом образования струнных кластеров, состоящих из возрастающего числа слившихся струн.
Составные операторы стохастической модели A
Authors: Davletbaeva Diana , Gnatich Michal , Komarova Marina Vladimirovna , Lučivjansky Tomas , Mizisin Lukas , Nalimov Mikhail Yur'evich
Published: August 2023

С помощью теоретико-полевой ренормализационной группы исследуется затухание коэффициента вязкости вблизи точки фазового перехода в сверхтекучее состояние. При этом учитывается тот факт, что в инфракрасной области эффективная модель, используемая для описания фазового перехода, принадлежит к тому же классу универсальности, что и известная стохастическая модель A. Это позволяет определить критическое поведение вязкости, используя составные операторы для модели A. Анализ основан на $\varepsilon$-разложении вблизи логарифмической размерности $d_{\mathrm c}=4$ модели A. Из критических размерностей составных операторов безмассовой двухкомпонентной модели A вычисляется критическая размерность вязкости. В частности, представлены результаты в ведущем порядке для критических размерностей выделенного класса составных операторов c канонической размерностью $8$.
Ультрафиолетовая регуляризация энергии между двумя статичными источниками в боттом-ап голографическом подходе к сильным взаимодействиям
Authors: Afonin Sergei Sergeevich
Published: August 2023

Хорошо известно, что потенциальная энергия между двумя тяжелыми кварками несет важную информацию о физике конфайнмента. Используя критерий конфайнмента, основанный на петле Вильсона, и действие струны Намбу-Гото, эту энергию можно получить в рамках боттом-ап голографического подхода к сильным взаимодействиям. Изложен стандартный голографический вывод потенциала между двумя статичными источниками с упором на физическую интерпретацию результатов. Рассмотрена задача регуляризации возникающей ультрафиолетовой расходимости в общем случае. Здесь термин "ультрафиолетовый" означает малые значения голографической координаты, связанной с обратной шкалой энергии в голографической дуальности. Показано, что в случае широко используемых голографических моделей типа мягкой стенки может появиться много ультрафиолетовых расходимостей, хотя на практике появление более двух различных расходимостей выглядит экзотичным. Обсуждаются некоторые возможные схемы вычитания. Разные схемы приводят к разному постоянному сдвигу потенциальной энергии, это влечет за собой определенную зависимость от схемы в голографических предсказаниях для постоянного члена в потенциалах конфайнмента корнэлловского типа.
Analysis of mixed convection flow on Arrhenius-controlled heat generating/absorbing fluid in a super-hydrophobic microchannel: A semi-analytical approach
Authors: Ojemeri Godwin , Onwubuya Isaac O.
Published: August 2023

The theoretical analysis of steady mixed convection with Arrhenius-controlled heat flow for a viscous and an electrically-conducting fluid traveling across an isothermally heated vertical parallel plate in a slit micro-channel is investigated in this study. One wall had super-hydrophobic slip and a temperature spike, while the other did not. A semi-analytical technique (perturbation series) was employed to analyze the nonlinear and coupled leading equations. The results were carefully scrutinized, and the effects of the relevant and pertinent parameters were illustrated using various plots. It is concluded from this work that the actions of mixed convection and chemically reacting factors are noticed to substantially strengthen the fluid movement in the micro-channel for a constant pressure gradient. Additionally, the function of heat source parameter is depicted to raise the fluid flow while heat absorption parameter yields the reverse phenomenon. In the fields of engineering and medicine, it is essential to understand these fluids' characteristics. Owing to the lubrication of micro-channel boundary surfaces where conductivity and viscosity interact with thermos-physical behavior, the results of the present investigation can significantly enhance the functioning of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and micro-devices relying on micro-fabrication processes.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Techno-Colonialism, and the Sub-Saharan Africa Response
Authors: Ugar Edmund Terem
Published: August 2023

Techno-colonialism, which I argue here to specifically mean the transfer of technology and its values and norms from one locale to  another, has become a serious concern with the advancement of socially disruptive technologies1 of the Fourth Industrial Revolution  (4IR), like artificial intelligence and robots. While the transfer of technology from one locale, especially economically advanced countries,  to developing countries comes with economic benefits for both regions, it is important to understand that technologies are not value- neutral; they come with the values, cultures, and worldviews of their designers. However, despite the nonvalue-neutrality of the  technologies of the 4IR, they are still relevant for subSaharan Africa’s development. Thus, using a phenomenological approach, especially  the sub-Saharan African experiences of past histories of colonialism, I prescribe cautionary measures that sub-Saharan Africans ought to  take in approaching the current industrial revolution and its technologies.
Biochemical Assessment of Solid-State Fermented Elephant Grass and its Potential Incorporation in Broiler's Diets
Authors: Eghaghaa E.P. , Egbune E.O. , Ezedom T. , Orororo O.C. , Anigboroa N.J. , Tonukari N.J.
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to determine if incorporating pre-treated ensiled elephant grass into broiler feed could help meet the  rising demand for animal protein. The elephant grass underwent solid-state fermentation for seven days and ensiling in airtight nylon  bags for 21 days. Compared to the control, pre-treated ensiled elephant grass exhibited a significant increase in soluble protein  concentration (p<0.05) during fermentation. However, the glucose concentration was significantly lower (p>0.05) in the pre-treated  ensiled elephant grass after fermentation than in the control. Elephant grass that was solid-state fermented and ensiled with Rhizopus  oligosporus demonstrated the highest percentage inhibition (22.4±0.5%). The pre-treated ensiled elephant grass had significantly higher mannanase activity (p<0.05) than the control. In terms of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and  alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, there were no significant differences between the control group and the experimental group fed with diets composed of ensiled elephant grass, ensiled elephant grass fermented with R. oligosporus, or solid-state fermented and  ensiled elephant grass with R. oligosporus and urea in a 25% maize replacement. In conclusion, ensiled elephant grass can replace 25% maize in broiler starter feed, and the animal feed industry could benefit from the mannanase identified in this study.
Linear programming model for scheduling bus rapid transit in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Mogbojuri A. O. , Olanrewaju O. A. , Adeyeye A. D.
Published: August 2023

The amount of time users have to wait influences their mode of transportation choice. Commuters don’t like to wait in the bus station, especially when the weather is terrible and for the purpose of keeping appointments. Scheduling buses to the various bus terminals will meet the commuter’s needs. The aim of the study is to reduce the waiting time of commuters at bus station and to assign buses to each route. A mathematical model called linear programming (LP) was developed to schedule buses to improve the smooth process of the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. The linear programming model was applied to the Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (LAMATA) data in Lagos State. The proposed method generated three (3) shifts from 6 – 11am in the morning, 11 – 4pm in the midday and 4 – 9pm in the evening subject to two (2) shifts of fifteen (15) hours to reduce the number of hours buses operate per day and also allocated buses for each route for weekdays with five (5) hours per each shift instead of seven (7) hours buses operated per shift. A properly implemented strategy would significantly decrease passengers' long waits at bus stops, reduce the breakdown of buses, man-hours lost, and allows commuters to meet their various schedule for works, meetings, and other assignments.
Household food waste behaviour in Sarawak, Malaysia: a hierarchical regression analysis
Authors: Rahman M. , Liang Tung W.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: Food and Agriculture Organization defines food waste as the reductionin the nutritional value or mass of any edible part of food intended for human consumption.Malaysia produces approximately 17 thousand tons of food waste daily, which can threaten theenvironment. Present study aims to apply the Theory of Planned Behaviour to identify the factorsassociated with food waste behaviour in Sarawak.METHODS: A study was conducted between October 2020 and August 2022 using cross-sectionalstudy design. Households across Sarawak state were chosen using multistage random samplingtechnique. 2,059 respondents' data were collected via face-to-face interviews. Data analysiswas performed using SPSS version 27.0 with a p-value of < 0.05 being considered statisticallysignificant.RESULTS: Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that personal attitude (p < 0.001),subjective norms (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.05), gender (p < 0.05) and wealth (p < 0.01) positivelyand age inversely related with intentions not to waste food, while personal attitude (p < 0.001),subjective norms (p < 0.001), inversely related and perceived behavioural control (p < 0.001),and intentions (p < 0.05), age (p < 0.01) and gender (p < 0.01) positively related with food wastebehaviour.CONCLUSION: Results from the present study can strengthen the understanding of food wastebehaviour among the Sarawak population. Long-term programs focusing on reducing food wastebehaviour would be more effective in tackling this issue, as changing attitudes and norms in thecommunity usually require a long time.
Can beneficial frequencies in physiotherapy help treatment? Scoping Review
Authors: Tedeschi R.
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION: The use of so-called beneficial music such as 432 Hz can be a support before andafter rehabilitation treatment. However, nowadays, they are hardly ever suggested because theyare often little known or disregarded by rehabilitation clinicians. This review aimed to map andsummarise the literature to identify interventions using the beneficial 432 Hz music.METHODS: Four databases were searched until December 2022. The studies considered the useof the beneficial 432 Hz frequency before or after rehabilitation treatment. All interventions andcontexts were considered. No restrictions were applied regarding language, study design, andpublication type. Grey literature and reference lists of included articles were not identified. Theresults were presented in numerical and thematic form.RESULTS: From 23 initial registrations, 4 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most of the articleswere randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and considered both young and adult sporty and nonsportypatients who used five-toed socks. The authors discussed only one range of interventions:conservative (n = 4). Specifically, the use of five-toed socks for a period of more than one week.CONCLUSIONS: This is the first scoping review to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic.The results revealed clear gaps in primary research, confirming that current management is basedon knowledge of beneficial frequencies, particularly the 432 Hz. This review may be useful forgeneral management and may provide a starting point for future research.
Combined effects of salinity and temperature on survival and growth during the early life cycle of the rock oyster Saccostrea cuccullata (Born, 1778)
Authors: Marcelino José A. , Macia Adriano , Mafambissa Mizeque J. , Castejón Diego , Andrade Carlos
Published: August 2023

Temperature and salinity are among the critical factors affecting the survival and growth of bivalve larvae. The combined effects of temperature and salinity on the embryonic and larval development of the rock oyster Saccostrea cuccullata (von Born, 1778) in culture conditions were investigated in a laboratory study on Inhaca Island, Mozambique. A factorial experimental design tested three temperatures (24, 30 and 34 ºC) and three salinities (30, 35 and 40 parts per thousand) over a seven-day period. Larval survival and growth (in height and length) were assessed by regular sampling by counting and measurement of larvae under an optical microscope equipped with a micrometric scale. Significantly higher larval survival was observed at the combination of 30 °C and 35 salinity. However, the mid-range temperature (30 ºC) and highest salinity (40) resulted in faster growth of the larvae. The lowest temperature (24 ºC) negatively affected growth regardless of salinity level and survival decreased linearly with increasing salinities. The present results will aid in the understanding of the environmental factors behind the natural recruitment of spat of S. cuccullata and contribute to the optimization of rearing protocols for the larval culture of this oyster species.
2000 Öncesi Türk Sinemasının Kültürel Dışavurumu: Kimliksizlik, Basmakalıplaşma ve Zihniyet Sorunu
Authors: DİNVAR PEKŞEN Gülseren
Published: August 2023

İnsan topluklarının sosyo-kültürel koşullardan da beslenen kimlik kavramının tanımı; tarihsel süreç içerisinde postmodern döneme gelinceye dek kapsamını genişleterek çeşitlendirmiştir. Bu çalışma özelinde de farklı düşünsel bağlantılara ve karmaşık bir karaktere sahip olan kimlik kavramı, psikoloji ve felsefe alanlarının ilişki kurduğu ve Türk sinemasında da karşılık bulduğu düşünülen; benlik, özdeşleşme, öteki, aidiyet, cinsiyet gibi temsil yapıları çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Kimlik kavramına ilişkin literatür taraması yöntemiyle elde edilen bulgular neticesinde, farklı dönemlere ait filmlerdeki kimlik temsilleri, sosyolojik film eleştirisi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Sinema filmlerinin kültürle olan ilişkisini değerlendirmek, anlatı kodlarının nitelik bakımından neler içermekte olduğu ve nasıl bir zihniyetin ürünü olarak dışavurum aracına dönüştüğünü araştırmak bu çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Çalışmada sinema filmlerinin sadece kimlikleri ve içerdikleri anlamları temsil etmediği, aynı zamanda anlam kurucu bir pozisyonda kimi zaman toplum mühendisliği görevini de üstlenmekte olduğu varsayımından hareket edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda basmakalıplaşmış bir anlatı formuna dönüşerek uzun bir dönem boyunca tekrar edilmiş kimliksiz temsillerinin büyük bir zihniyet sorununun kültürel dışavurumu olduğu ve Türk sinemasını da kimliksiz kıldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
İran İslam Cumhuriyeti’nin Komşularıyla Kültürel İlişkileri: Türkiye
Authors: CELEP Murat
Published: August 2023

Türkiye ve İran arasındaki kültürel etkileşim çok eski zamanlara uzanmaktadır. Ne var ki her iki ülke ve toplumunun söz konusu kültürel etkileşimine dair çalışmalar nitelik ve nicelik açısından henüz olması gereken seviyede değildir. Bu bağlamda İran'da Tahran Üniversitesi Siyaset Bilimi öğretim üyelerinden Hamid Ahmedi tarafından iki ülkenin kültürel ilişkilerine dair kaleme alınan bu eser dikkat çekici olup çeşitli açılardan öneme sahiptir. Kitabın tanıtılmasındaki temel gaye ise milliyetçi motivasyona sahip yazarın gözünden iki ülke kültürel ilişkilerinin nasıl ele alındığının bir panoramasını sunmaktır. Yazarın milliyetçi bir kimliğe sahip oluşu iki ülke kültürel ilişkilerini çeşitli gerekçelerle savunma kaygısı ve stratejik menfaat ekseninde bir refleksle kaleme almasına yol açmıştır. Bunu yaparken zaman zaman tartışmalı iddia ve yorumlamalardan da kaçınmamıştır.
Students’ Perceptions of Low Stakes Positioning Tests at the Start of Higher STEM Education: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Hanssens Jolan , Langie Greet , Van Soom Carolien
Published: August 2023

In Flanders, open admission into higher education has led to heterogeneity in academic preparedness of incoming STEM students. Higher education institutions offer low stakes positioning tests to these students in order to help them assess their level of starting competences. Due to the unique nature of these tests, little can be inferred about students’ perception of these tests. In this study, we used mixed methods to investigate these perceptions. Semi-structured interviews (n=20) and thematic analysis revealed that students do not always understand the stakes, objective and structure of positioning tests as intended by the organizers. A questionnaire (n=189) revealed that students considered chemistry problems  better reflecting certain study programs than mathematics problems and that they wrongly think chemistry questions are more predictive than mathematics questions. Our findings provide insight in STEM students’ multifaceted perceptions of and interaction with low stakes assessment.