The physiological characteristics of young men when using different parameters of physical activity in higher education institutions
Authors:   Kremenets Taras Shevchenko Regional Academy of Humanities and Pedagogy, Banakh Volodymyr , Klіus Olena ,   Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of a study aimed at determining the peculiarities of the manifestation and changes in the functional characteristics of young men who used different parameters of physical activity during their first year of study at a higher education institution. Materials and Methods. The study involved 75 young men aged 17.9±0.4 years, belonging to different somatotypes and without contraindications to engaging in varying levels of physical activity. Using a random sampling method, experimental and control groups were formed for each somatotype. Both groups used the same experimental and traditional factors to ensure physical activity. The differences lay in the fact that the first factor involved physical loads determined by the current development state of the motor qualities of the young men for each somatotype, based on the evaluation standards we developed for these somatotypes. The content of the exercises was shaped according to the interests and preferences of the young men, with the instructor providing only general organization, adjustments to certain means and methods, and optimization of parameters based on the current abilities of the participants. In the control groups, the content was based on commonly accepted load parameters used for developing specific motor qualities. The basis for selecting which qualities to develop during the sessions was the level that deviated the most from the necessary standards according to researcherrecommended age-related evaluation norms. To diagnose somatotype, a modified Stefko-Ostrovsky method was used. The necessary empirical data were obtained using well-known functional tests that allowed the determination of blood pressure, pulse rate in different situations, vital lung capacity, as well as the Robinson, Martine, strength, and vital indices. Testing was conducted at the beginning and the end of the experiment. Results. During the academic semester, young men in the experimental groups with A-type and D-type somatotypes improved in 4 motor qualities, while those with T- and M-types improved in 2. In contrast, the control groups showed improvements in only 1 motor quality, and only in A- and M-types. When comparing the results of the experimental and control groups of a specific somatotype at the end of the experiment, higher results were observed in the experimental groups. In the A-type, 2 indicators showed significant improvement, in the T- and M-types – 3 indicators each, and in the D-type – 1 indicator. For other parameters, there were no significant differences. Conclusions. The experimental factor allows for significantly better results in improving the physiological characteristics of young men compared to the traditional organization and content of university physical education, which do not involve personalized approaches as implemented in the experimental groups.