bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Served or Exploited: The Impact of Data Capture Strategy on Users' Intention to Use Selected AI Systems
Authors: Liu Xianggang , Shi Zhanzhong
Published: January 2025

In the era of digital intelligence, companies need to capture more data to portray the user profile to “grab” the “heart” of the consumer, AI is undoubtedly a powerful tool to implement this process. Nevertheless, it has also gradually sparked concerns regarding user privacy and data. Recent studies have increasingly focused on user reactions to AI data capture, yet exploration in this area remains limited. This research contributes to the existing literature by investigating the underlying psychological processes and influencing factors that prompt users to confront AI data capture. Through four studies, we found the data capture strategies have a significant negative impact on users' intention to use AI systems, and compared with the overt data capture strategy, the covert strategy would make users' intention to use AI systems lower. The impact is mediated by psychological ownership, specifically, it is mediated by perceived control of psychological ownership rather than perceived possession. Additionally, prevention‐oriented users are more likely to feel deprived of their right to be informed and their control over data. However, AI explainability can increase users' psychological ownership and intention to use by alleviating their psychological defenses in the process. These results are conducive to promoting the resolution of AI data governance issues under digital intelligence empowerment, and providing a reference for reasonable strategies adopted by enterprises in using AI data capture.
Hemorrhagic Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis (LETM) as a First Presentation of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD): A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jahani Shima , Jamshidi Fateme , Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser
Published: January 2025

Here we present a rare case of hemorrhagic longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) as a first presentation of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Even though the patient received aggressive treatment, he showed no significant improvement. Our case highlights the importance of prompt intervention in the case of hemorrhagic myelitis and the diagnostic challenges of hemorrhagic LETM.
Review on Synthesis of Ceramic Membranes to Mitigate Membrane Fouling in Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Pujari Murali , Shingan Bhalchandra , Arya Adarsh Kumar , Naga Chaitanya G.
Published: January 2025

Membrane‐based separation processes have been gaining significant attention in the treatment of oily wastewater. To date, a remarkable amount of data is available on the application of membranes in diverse domains such as industrial wastewater treatment, food processing, and medicine. It is becoming a severe issue when process sectors like mining, metallurgy, and petrochemicals discharge oily wastewater. Although oil–water emulsion separation using membrane technology is successful, this method suffers from a serious flux declination problem brought on by fouling during filtration. Keeping this in mind, the aim of this paper is to highlight the recent advancements in the synthesis of ceramic membranes from several perspectives such as feed pretreatment, membrane cleaning, proper operational conditions, and the use of antifouling coatings. Recent study has indicated that surface hydrophilization is the key emphasis in mitigating membrane fouling. Thus, the current state of membrane surface modification technology is reviewed, and future trends are identified.
Overcoming the Tradeoff Between Reaction Rate and Overpotential in Dinuclear Cobalt Complex Catalyzed Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Yu‐Han , Tseng Yun‐Jou , Kumbhar Sharad V. , Chang Hao‐Ting , Yang Tzuhsiung , Lu I‐Chung , Wang Yu‐Heng
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on enhancing the water oxidation reaction (WOR) efficacy of dinuclear cobalt complex catalysts from both kinetic (turnover frequency, TOF) and thermodynamic (overpotential, η) perspectives. For this purpose, we synthesized six dinuclear cobalt complexes 1–6 comprising non‐innocent ligands with different electronically active substituents (−OMe (1), −Me (2), −H (3), −F (4), −Cl (5), and −CN (6)). The electronic effects on the electrochemical WOR under neutral, acidic, and alkaline conditions were investigated experimentally and computationally. X‐ray crystallography revealed that the valence state of the cobalt complexes was affected by electronic effects, affording different catalytic potentials, as evidenced by electrochemical measurements. Kinetic and spectroscopic studies confirmed that the synergistic effect of catalyst identity and reaction media changes the reaction mechanism of each catalyst. The WOR performance of 1–6 was tunable through ligand electronics and solvent effects, with the log(TOF)−η analysis highlighting an operational η as low as 40 mV. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing WOR catalysis through molecular design and environmental tuning.
The miRNA‐mRNA Regulatory Network in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Transcriptomic Analysis From GEO
Authors: Heidari Razieh , Assadollahi Vahideh , Marashi Seyedeh Negar , Elahian Fatemeh , Mirzaei Seyed Abbas
Published: January 2025

Background

Bioinformatics analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expression profiles can aid in understanding its molecular mechanisms and identifying new targets for diagnosis and treatment.

Aim

In this study, we analyzed expression profile datasets and miRNA expression profiles related to HCC from the GEO using R software to detect differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs).

Methods and results

Common DEGs were identified, and a PPI network was constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software to identify hub genes. The reduced levels of tumor suppressor miRNAs or down regulated DEmiRs may be increased levels of oncogenes, the oncomirs or up regulated DEmiRs may be decreased levels of tumor suppressor genes in cancerous cells. According to this strategy, increased and decreased DEGs, also increased and decreased DEmiRs were selected. The multimir package was employed to predict target genes for DEmiRs then DEmiRs‐hub gene network created. We identified approximately 1000 overlapping DEGs and 60 DEmiRs. Hub genes included RRM2, MELK, KIF11, KIF23, NCAPG, DLGAP5, BUB1B, AURKB, CCNB1, KIF20A, CCNA2, TTK, PBK, TOP2A, CDK1, MAD2L1, BIRC5, ASPM, CDCA8, and CENPF, all associated with significantly worse survival in HCC. miR‐224, miR‐24, miR‐182, miRNA‐1‐3p, miR‐30a, miR‐27a, and miR‐214 were identified as important DEmiRs with targeting more than six hub genes.

Conclusion

Generally, our findings offer insight into the interaction of hub genes and miRNAs in the development of HCC by bioinformatics analysis, information that may prove useful in identifying biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HCC.
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Equivalence of Biosimilar and Reference Ultra‐Rapid Lispro: A Comparative Clamp Study in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Noskov Sergei , Koksharova Ekaterina , Arefeva Anna , Banko Veniamin , Radaeva Kseniia , Matvienko Iuliia , Gefen Maria , Makarenko Igor , Drai Roman
Published: January 2025

Ultra‐rapid insulin lispro is an innovative insulin analogue designed to achieve rapid onset and short duration of action, aimed at optimizing glycemic control in patients with diabetes. This was a double‐blind, randomized, 2‐period, crossover clamp study to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), along with safety profiles, of a potential biosimilar ultra‐rapid insulin lispro compared to the reference product in healthy White men. A total of 35 healthy volunteers completed hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp procedures across both study periods. Blood samples were collected at predefined intervals up to 8 hours to assess PK parameters. Plasma glucose levels were monitored every 5 minutes during the 8‐hour clamps, with adjustments to the glucose infusion rate to maintain the target range. Insulin quantification in plasma was conducted using a validated enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. PD assessment was based on glucose infusion rate profiles during both clamps. Geometric mean ratios for maximum plasma concentration and area under the concentration‐time curve from insulin administration to the last measurable concentration for the test and reference drugs fell within the bioequivalence range of 80%‐125%. Furthermore, the investigational drugs demonstrated comparable PK/PD profiles of insulin lispro. Both formulations exhibited similar safety profiles primarily characterized by mild injection site reactions.
Towards Recycling of All‐Solid‐State Batteries with Argyrodite Sulfide Electrolytes: Insights into Electrolyte and Electrode Degradation in Dissolution‐Based Separation Processes
Authors: Wissel Kerstin , Hu Zian , Wu Xuebin , Jacob Martine , Küster Kathrin , Starke Ulrich , Clemens Oliver
Published: January 2025

All‐solid‐state Li‐ion batteries (ASSBs) represent a promising leap forward in battery technology, rapidly advancing in development. Among the various solid electrolytes, argyrodite thiophosphates Li6PS5X (X=Cl, Br, I) stand out due to their high ionic conductivity, structural flexibility, and compatibility with a range of electrode materials, making them ideal candidates for efficient and scalable battery applications. However, despite significant performance advancements, the sustainability and recycling of ASSBs remain underexplored, posing a critical challenge for achieving efficient circular processes. This study investigates the dissolution‐based separation and recovery of argyrodite thiophosphate electrolytes and transition metal oxide electrode materials as a potential recycling strategy for ASSBs. A focus is set on the impact of solvent treatments on the recrystallization behavior of these electrolytes. Furthermore, the interactions between dissolved argyrodite thiophosphates and various transition metal oxide electrode materials (LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2, LiFePO4 and Li4Ti5O12) is examined to assess their influence on the functional properties of both the electrolytes and electrode materials. Structural, compositional and morphological changes are analyzed using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our findings provide insights into the complexities of recycling ASSBs, but also highlight the potential for developing efficient, sustainable recycling processes.
Transforming precision medicine: The potential of the clinical artificial intelligent single‐cell framework
Authors: Baumgartner Christian , Brislinger Dagmar
Published: January 2025

The editorial, “Clinical and translational mode of single‐cell measurements: An artificial intelligent single‐cell,” introduces the innovative clinical artificial intelligence single‐cell (caiSC) system, which merges AI with single‐cell informatics to advance real‐time diagnostics, disease monitoring, and treatment prediction. By combining clinical data and multimodal molecular inputs, caiSC facilitates personalized medicine, promising enhanced diagnostic precision and tailored therapeutic approaches. Despite its potential, caiSC lacks comprehensive data coverage across cell types and diseases, presenting challenges in data quality and model robustness. The article explores development strategies such as data expansion, machine learning advancements, and interpretability improvements. Future applications of caiSC could include digital cell twins, offering in‐depth simulations of cellular behavior to support drug discovery and personalized treatments. Regulatory considerations are discussed, underscoring the need for SaMD/AIaMD certifications for clinical use. Ultimately, with further refinement, caiSC could transform clinical decision‐making, driving personalized, precision medicine, and improved patient outcomes.

Key points

Integration of AI with Single‐Cell Informatics for Precision Medicine: The caiSC system combines artificial intelligence and single‐cell data to improve diagnostics, treatment predictions, and personalized medical decision‐making.

Challenges in Data Coverage and Model Robustness: caiSC currently faces limitations due to incomplete data across cell types, diseases, and organs, as well as challenges in data quality and high computational demands, which affect model accuracy and clinical applicability.

Future Potential and Regulatory Needs: The caiSC framework's development could lead to innovations such as digital cell twins, enabling personalized simulations of cellular responses for better treatment planning, though regulatory certification is essential for safe clinical use.
A New Oxygen Carrier for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Barrou Benoit , Leize‐Zal Elisabeth , Zal Franck
Published: January 2025

The natural extracellular hemoglobin of the lugworm Arenicola marina (AmHb) has many interesting characteristics: It carries 40 times more oxygen than human hemoglobin; has anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties; and is 250 times smaller than a red blood cell. It is nontoxic and nonimmunogenic. It is thus a very promising hemoglobin‐based oxygen carrier. AmHb is extracted and purified in GMP conditions to produce a therapeutic molecule, called M101. It is used in various forms (liquid, hydrogel, and lyophilized) to respond to different situations of hypoxia in the healthcare field, such as organ preservation prior to transplantation, wound and burn healing, periodontitis, sickle cell disease, and red blood cell transfusions, particularly in emergency situations. Given these remarkable oxygen transport capacities, M101 could be misused for doping purposes. This article presents current and future developments in this molecule.
Free Pasture of Exotic Goats Reduces Diversity and Negatively Affects Body Condition in Scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) Assemblage From Brazilian Seasonal Dry Tropical Forest
Authors: Brito‐Almeida Thayna Rhayane , Foerster Stênio Ítalo Araújo , Lima José Rivaldo , da Silva Meykson Alexandre , de Moura Geraldo Jorge Barbosa , de Araujo Lira André Felipe
Published: January 2025

Extensive grazing carried out freely by exotic goats represents an important source of anthropogenic degradation in seasonally dry tropical forests of Brazil. The presence of these herbivores may negatively impact the local fauna through the reduction of habitat complexity. In this study, we investigate the effect of goat farming in scorpion assemblage from Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forest. Scorpions were sampled in 36 areas (18 disturbed and 18 undisturbed) distributed in three sites in the seasonally dry tropical forest of Brazil. At each location, we recorded a set of local variables such as litter depth, diameter at breast height of trees, vegetation density (trees and shrubs), and detritus (stones and fallen logs). In total, 396 scorpions were collected, distributed across six species and two families. Our results showed that scorpion diversity was negatively affected, with species richness and abundance reduced in areas influenced by goats. Furthermore, in these sites, the composition of the species was also affected, with habitat‐generalist species favoring habitat‐specialist species. Finally, sites with free pasture of goats presented scorpions with reduced body condition (body mass and size) than sites without goats. Furthermore, habitat degradation caused by free pasture of goats negatively affects the assemblage of scorpions in terms of their diversity and body condition the seasonally dry tropical forest of Brazil.
The use of individualised, media‐based sleep hygiene education for professional female footballers
Authors: Gooderick Julie , Clash Russ , Fisher Harry , Maxwell Neil , Hayes Mark
Published: January 2025

Sleep hygiene can be defined as practicing habits that facilitate sleep; poor sleep hygiene is common among elite athletes, and improving this can be one way to enhance sleep indices. Given the large inter‐individual variability of sleep, there is a need for further investigation into individualised sleep hygiene for elite female athletes, with consideration for the practical application of the method. Using a self‐controlled time series design with repeated measures, n = 16 professional female footballers completed a 9‐week study during mid‐season. Monitoring of sleep (actigraphy, self‐report) occurred at week 1, 4, 7 and 9—a control period occurred at week 2 and 3, and a subsequent intervention period occurred at weeks 5 and 6. Based on baseline sleep monitoring, media‐based messages were designed with the purpose of giving a singular sleep hygiene message; all participants received these individualised messages daily across the 2‐week intervention period at a standardised time of 8.00 p.m., with the intention of them actioning the sleep hygiene point. One‐way analysis of variance with repeated measures was conducted to assess the differences between control period, intervention period and follow‐up for each measured variable. Significant differences were observed post‐intervention for sleep efficiency (p < 0.001) and sleep latency (p < 0.001), whereas the athlete sleep behaviour questionnaire score significantly improved in the follow‐up period (week 9) post intervention (p = 0.039). This is the first study to present this novel method of individualised sleep hygiene education for elite female athletes and is also the first study to demonstrate the use of sleep hygiene interventions to improve sleep factors for female athletes' mid‐season. This demonstrates a promising, time‐efficient approach to sleep hygiene education, with a potentially wide scope of application, as well as demonstrating there is indeed potential for elite female athletes to gain sleep improvements mid‐season.
Tuning Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolytic Cell Performance by Conditioning Nafion N115‐Based Membrane Electrode Assemblies
Authors: Wolf Niklas , Javed Ali , Treutlein Leander , Kungl Hans , Karl André , Jodat Eva , Eichel Rüdiger‐A
Published: January 2025

Conditioning of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is an important step to establish functionality and obtain a consistent performance of the proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell (PEMEC) when setting it into operation. On a laboratory scale in an academic context, conditioning encompasses primary pre‐treatment of the MEA by chemical or thermal procedures under defined mechanical conditions and, secondarily, the break‐in procedure, during which the PEMEC is subjected to initial electrical loads before actual operation. This study demonstrates the effect of MEA conditioning on the short‐term performance of PEMEC. The impact of mechanical, chemical and thermal conditions during pre‐treatment was investigated for Nafion N115‐based MEAs while keeping the break‐in procedure invariant for all pre‐treatment conditions. The electrochemical characterisation was performed using polarisation curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The impact of ex situ–before assembly of the cell–versus in situ–after assembly of the cell–conditioning resulted in markedly different mechanical conditions. The experimental results showed an improvement in PEMEC performance by pre‐treating the MEA after cell assembly. Compared to pre‐treatment with deionised water (DI water) at 60°C, treatment with acidic solution improved the performance, evidenced by a 21 mV reduction in cell voltage at 2 A·cm−2. When compared with DI water at 60°C, a pre‐treatment at 90°C with DI water reduced cell voltage by 23 mV.
Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O/TiO2 Structure for Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Khan Mosin , Raj Ritu , Ram Mange , Rani Anju , Haldar Krishna Kanta
Published: January 2025

In this study, we present the synthesis and characterization of a high‐performance Zn3(PO4)2·4H₂O/TiO2 nanocomposite, designed as a versatile electrocatalyst for advanced energy storage and conversion applications. The synthesis of the Zn3(PO4)2·4H₂O/TiO2 nanocomposite was confirmed using various sophisticated analytical techniques such as powder x‐ray diffraction, FTIR, UV spectroscopy, FESEM imaging, EDX, and XPS etc. Notably, the nanocomposite demonstrates exceptional performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with a low overpotential of 250 mV at a current density of 50 mV/cm2 and a Tafel slope of 129 mV/dec, indicating superior kinetics. Furthermore, it demonstrates a specific capacitance of 112 F/g at a scan rate of 20 mV/s and remarkable cyclic stability, retaining 91% capacitance over 1000 cycles in supercapacitor applications. Additionally, in a practical application, the nanocomposite successfully powered a red light‐emitting diode (LED) for 11 min. The combined effect of Zn3(PO4)2·4H₂O2 and TiO2 contributes to its outstanding electrochemical properties. This makes it a promising candidate for sustainable energy solutions, with the potential to enhance the efficiency and durability of energy storage and conversion systems.
Performance Analysis of Supercapacitors With Graphene and Graphyne Electrodes
Authors: de Araujo Chagas Henrique , Malaspina Thaciana , Fileti Eudes Eterno , Colherinhas Guilherme
Published: January 2025

Graphene and graphyne electrodes exhibit considerable relevance in electrochemical energy storage applications owing to their distinct physical and chemical characteristics. Graphyne has garnered increased attention due to its larger specific surface area, enhanced electronic mobility, and intrinsic band gap compared to graphene. Our analyses unveil pertinent aspects of graphyne electrodes in interaction with ionic liquid (Emim‐BF4) and aqueous salt (NaCl) solution based electrolytes. Despite the existing body of research on graphyne, there remains a gap in the comprehensive analysis of its performance as an electrode for supercapacitors and its interactions with electrolyte. In this investigation, molecular dynamics were employed to explore properties of graphene/graphyne electrodes based supercapacitors. The characteristics of the EDL are elucidated through structural and energetic analyses, while the capacitive performance of the devices is discussed in light of electrostatic properties, total capacitance, and storage energy density. Throughout the analysis, key differences and underlying similarities between the models are delineated.
Citronellol Induces Apoptosis via Differential Regulation of Caspase‐3, NF‐κB, and JAK2 Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma Cell Line
Authors: Malik Muhammad Nasir Hayat , Ali Sufyan , Ali Amir , Alanzi Abdullah R. , Atif Muhammad , Alharbi Hattan A. , Wang Bowen , Raza Moosa , Maqbool Tahir , Anjum Irfan , Jahan Shah , Alshammari Saud O. , Solre Gideon F. B.
Published: January 2025

Citronellol (CT) is a naturally occurring lipophilic monoterpenoid which has shown anticancer effects in numerous cancerous cell lines. This study was, therefore, designed to examine CT's potential as an anticancer agent against glioblastoma (GBM). Network pharmacology analysis was employed to identify potential anticancer targets of CT. A comprehensive data mining was carried out to assess CT and GBM‐associated target genes. Protein–protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes and later GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed to elucidate the possible mechanism. Human glioblastoma cell line “SF767” was used to confirm in silico findings. MTT, crystal violet, and trypan blue assays were performed to assess the cytotoxic effects of various concentrations of CT. Subsequently, ELISA and qPCR were performed to analyze the effects of CT on proapoptotic and inflammatory mediators. In silico findings indicated that CT differentially regulated proapoptotic and inflammatory pathways by activating caspase‐3 and 8 and inhibiting nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), tumor necrosis factor‐α, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). Molecular docking also demonstrated strong binding affinities of CT with the above‐mentioned mediators when compared to 5‐fluorouracil or temozolomide. In SF767 cell line, CT displayed dose‐dependent cytotoxic and antioxidant effects, and upregulation of annexin‐V, caspase‐3, and 8 along with downregulation of inflammatory modulators. In a nutshell, it can be concluded from these findings that CT possesses robust anticancer activity which is mediated via differential regulation of caspase‐3, JAK2, and NF‐κB pathways.
Fast and interpretable support vector classification based on the truncated ANOVA decomposition
Authors: Akhalaya Kseniya , Nestler Franziska , Potts Daniel
Published: January 2025

Support vector machines (SVMs) are an important tool for performing classification on scattered data, where one usually has to deal with many data points in high‐dimensional spaces. We propose solving SVMs in primal form using feature maps based on trigonometric functions or wavelets. In small dimensional settings the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and related methods are a powerful tool in order to deal with the considered basis functions. For growing dimensions the classical FFT‐based methods become inefficient due to the curse of dimensionality. Therefore, we restrict ourselves to multivariate basis functions, each of which only depends on a small number of dimensions. This is motivated by the well‐known sparsity of effects and recent results regarding the reconstruction of functions from scattered data in terms of truncated analysis of variance (ANOVA) decompositions, which makes the resulting model even interpretable in terms of importance of the features as well as their couplings. The usage of small superposition dimensions has the consequence that the computational effort no longer grows exponentially but only polynomially with respect to the dimension. In order to enforce sparsity regarding the basis coefficients, we use the frequently applied ‐norm and, in addition, ‐norm regularization. The found classifying function, which is the linear combination of basis functions, and its variance can then be analyzed in terms of the classical ANOVA decomposition of functions. Based on numerical examples we show that we are able to recover the signum of a function that perfectly fits our model assumptions. Furthermore, we perform classification on different artificial and real‐world data sets. We obtain better results with ‐norm regularization, both in terms of accuracy and clarity of interpretability.
Gestational Duration and Postnatal Age‐Related Changes in Aperiodic and Periodic Parameters in Neonatal and Toddler Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Authors: Luotonen Silja , Railo Henry , Acosta Henriette , Huotilainen Minna , Lavonius Maria , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Tuulari Jetro J.
Published: January 2025

The brain develops most rapidly during pregnancy and early neonatal months. While prior electrophysiological studies have shown that aperiodic brain activity undergoes changes across infancy to adulthood, the role of gestational duration in aperiodic and periodic activity remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to bridge this gap by examining the associations between gestational duration and aperiodic and periodic activity in the EEG power spectrum in both neonates and toddlers. This cross‐sectional study involved EEG data from 73 neonates (postnatal age 1–5 days, 40 females) and 56 toddlers (postnatal age of 2.9–3.2 years, 28 females) from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. EEG power spectra were parameterized to aperiodic and periodic components using the SpecParam tool. We tested the associations between gestational duration as well as postnatal age and SpecParam parameters in neonates and toddlers while including birth weight and child sex as covariates. For neonates, multilevel models were employed, considering different data acquisitions (sleep and auditory paradigm + sleep), while in toddlers, regression models were used as only data from the auditory paradigm was available. We found that longer gestational duration was associated with a steeper power spectrum across EEG frequencies both in neonates and toddlers. Effect was especially strong in toddlers (β = 0.45, p = 0.004), while in neonates, it remained nearly statistically significant (p = 0.061). In neonates, a quadratic association between gestational duration and beta center frequency (12.5–30 Hz) was found. In toddlers, beta center frequencies were overall higher in females compared to males. Offset (calculated as the power of the aperiodic curve at 2.5 Hz) and theta center frequency had negative associations with postnatal age in neonates, but not in toddlers.

Our results suggest that gestational duration may have significant and relatively long‐lasting effects on brain physiology. The possible behavioral and cognitive consequences of these changes are enticing topics for future research.
The Impact of Selected Regimens of Chronic HIV‐Antiretroviral Treatment on Glycemic Control Markers and Correlates: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Protocol
Authors: Gamede Mlindeli , Sosibo Mbulelo Aubrey , Gumede Nontobeko , Luvuno Mluleki
Published: January 2025

Background and Aim

Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among non‐communicable diseases worldwide. The etiology of diabetes can be mainly attributed to factors such as genetic susceptibility, unhealthy diets, and chronic medications. Chronic medications such as HIV‐antiretrovirals (ARVs) have been previously associated with the risks of developing metabolic complications. Hence, this protocol outlines the process for conducting a systematic review to investigate the association between chronic ARV treatment and the onset of metabolic syndrome complications.

Methodology and Analysis

The studies included in the systematic review are selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies are searched using search engines or databases such as PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and EMBASE DATABASE. The articles that remained after full article screening will be assessed for bias using the Downs and Black checklist, and the data will be extracted. Additionally, heterogeneity tests will be conducted using both Χ2 and I2 tests, meta‐analysis will be conducted using the Review Manager version 5.4 software (RevMan), and data will be presented in forest plots. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach (GRADE) will be used to assess the strength of evidence in eligible reports.

Dissemination and Registration

The findings intend to give an insight into the ARVs as a risk factor for metabolic diseases and further elaborate on the regimen that possesses a high risk between the first and second regimens. This protocol has been registered on PROSPERO Database #CRD42024521322.
Optimization of Heat Transfer on Carbon Nanotubes With Exponential Heat Generation and Nonlinear Radiation in Sakiadis and Blasius Flows Over Curved Surface
Authors: Roopa K. R. , Govindaraju M. V. , Dinesh P. A. , Yadav Sweeti
Published: January 2025

Engineers and researchers in the field of thermal analysis are searching for novel approaches to boost their performance by enhancing the thermal characteristics of electrical equipment. Non‐Newtonian fluids are used in technical and industrial settings owing to their high thermal conductivity. In connection with this, the present study investigates the fluid flow and heat transmission of a hybrid nanomaterial (carbon nanotubes and ferric oxide) over a curved surface. The originality of this study is related to examining the impact of heat generation and nonlinear thermal radiation with convective boundary conditions for Sakiadis flow (SF) and Blasius flow (BF). The system of mathematical relations in the partial differential equation form is changed to an ordinary differential equation (ODE) system using appropriate variables. The indeterminate ODEs were solved using the ODE analyzer, which is accessible in the computer software Maple. The graphs demonstrate the importance of the critical factors concerning the velocity and temperature fields. SF has a thinner boundary layer than BF, which results in a more pronounced temperature drop. The effects of altering the physical parameters on the Nusselt number were optimized through response surface methodology for BF and SF. SF is more affected by radiation effects, but BF shows increased sensitivity to wall temperature gradients, indicating distinct optimization approaches for each scenario. In every situation, the hybrid nanofluid of multiwall carbon nanotubes and ferric oxide exhibits excellent thermal performance. To validate the chosen numerical approach, a tabular description is provided to generate an excellent comparison.
Global Evaluation of Optimal Probability Distribution Functions for RDI Assessments
Authors: Asadi Zarch Mohammad Amin , Motraghi Fatemeh
Published: January 2025

Drought is caused by an imbalance between precipitation and evapotranspiration. A prolonged lack of precipitation and/or excess evapotranspiration results in insufficient replenishment of runoff and groundwater. Choosing an appropriate drought index is crucial for managing water resources effectively. The Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) which considers both precipitation and potential evapotranspiration is recommended for identifying droughts in a changing climate. Standardising the index involves using a probability distribution, and choosing the correct distribution is important for accurate assessments of drought characteristics. Furthermore, identifying the optimal distributions for RDI assessments ensures reliable evaluations of subsequent hydrological processes. Based on a regional study, the index developers suggest using gamma or log‐normal probability distributions to compute the index using real observations. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on suitable distributions for RDI calculation using GCMs projections (simulated data) in drought projection studies. This global study aims to address these gaps in research by evaluating the performance of probability distributions in calculating RDI. The study consists of two phases: The first phase involves identifying the appropriate distribution for historical observed data, whilst the second phase does the same for future projections from GCMs. To achieve this, 17 probability distributions are applied. The 0.5° × 0.5° gridded CRU data from 1950 to 2018 and projections of 18 GCMs from 2006 to 2080 are utilised. The analysis identified the log logistic, inverse Gaussian and gamma distributions as the best fits for the historical period. For future projections, the gamma, inverse Gaussian and Nakagami distributions are recommended. Finally, the findings revealed for both periods, Fitting to the Best Distribution of any Grid (FBDG) performs the best for large‐scale drought studies using gridded data.
The Predictive Significance of Platelet‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratio for Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaoyi , Zhao Yanfang , Fan Yangyang , Liu Yun
Published: January 2025

Background

Miscarriage is a common complication of pregnancy, and its underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms remains unclear. The platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), a prothrombotic and inflammatory marker, has been controversially discussed as a potential predictor of miscarriage. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the predictive significance of the PLR in women with miscarriage compared to healthy pregnancies.

Material and Methods

Relevant studies were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Sciencey, and Cochrane Library up to December 31, 2023. A systematic review and meta‐analysis following PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Articles were identified, screened, and evaluated for quality to determine the predictive value of PLR for miscarriage.

Results

Fourteen eligible articles, comprising a total of 3745 patients, were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled analysis found comparable PLR levels between miscarriage and non‐miscarriage groups (SMD = 0.25; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): −0.05 to 0.54). Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in PLR levels in the missed miscarriage group (SMD = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.01–0.56). and in studies with sample sizes smaller than 200 (SMD = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.05–0.56). Other subgroups did not exhibit significant differences. Subgroup analysis of PLR levels and miscarriage risk demonstrated no significant differences across all subgroups.

Conclusion

PLR is not a reliable predictor of miscarriage in general. However, for missed miscarriage cases, elevated PLR levels may serve as a practical and cost‐effective marker for prediction.
Root characteristics response to N, P, and K fertilization in creeping bentgrass
Authors: Timilsina Nirmal , Zhou Qiyu , Simpson Emma
Published: January 2025

Turfgrass roots are essential for growth and development by taking up water and nutrients from the soil. Therefore, improving root characteristics such as root length, root volume, root density, root diameter, and root dry biomass is crucial for improving turfgrass growth and quality. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2023 to document the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on the root morphological responses of Penncross creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) during establishment. Turfgrasses were grown from seeds in sand‐filled acrylic tubes for around three months. Fertilizer treatments included N, P, K, PK, NK, NP, all three macronutrients (NPK), and a non‐fertilized control (non‐NPK). NP treatment resulted in a greater total root length, root surface area, root volume, and root dry biomass of creeping bentgrass than the other treatments except for NPK treatment. While it is critical to provide sufficient N, P, and K for the optimal development of creeping bentgrass roots during the establishment period, reducing K fertilization had the least impact on the root morphological response of creeping bentgrass. NPK application during turfgrass establishment is context‐dependent, particularly with regard to nutrient availability in the soil. Based on this study, applying a balanced starter fertilizer with adjustments per the soil test results would ensure proper root growth.
Effects of cutting height and frequency on tall fescue and buffalograss
Authors: Carlson Michael G. , Keck Mark A. , Kreuser William C.
Published: January 2025

Mowing is a cultural practice needed to maintain an attractive lawn but requires labor and increases net carbon emissions. Reducing mowing decreases labor and net carbon emissions but may decrease the visual quality of lawns. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.; syn. Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.; syn. Lolium arundinaceau (Schreb.) Darbysh) and buffalograss (Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) Columbus) lawns are recommended to remove only 33% of leaf tissue at every mowing event, whereas this has not been compared to other mowing frequency treatments. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine how mowing frequency and height of cut affect visual quality; (ii) quantify how different mowing frequencies and heights of cut affect cumulative clipping yield; (iii) quantify how cumulative mowing events varied among mowing frequencies; and (iv) determine the ideal number of mowing events to maintain ideal visual quality with the lowest cumulative biomass. The visual quality of both tall fescue and buffalograss increased with increasing mowing frequency. Cumulative annual biomass production is 13% and 43% higher at the 5.1 cm height of cut for both tall fescue and buffalograss, respectively. As mowing frequency increases, the cumulative annual biomass production decreases in tall fescue to the monthly, semiannual, or annual mowing frequencies. Mowing frequency has no significant effect on buffalograss cumulative annual biomass production. Mowing based on removing 25% and 33% of the leaf maintains acceptable visual quality while having the fewest mowing events in both species. Quadratic regression quantifies that the ideal number of mowing events was from 8 to 19, and at least 13 in tall fescue and buffalograss lawns, respectively, in Lincoln, NE, to maintain acceptable visual quality with the minimum amount of cumulative biomass production.
Mapping the reporting practices in recent randomised controlled trials published in Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy: A scoping review of methodological quality
Authors: Królikowska Aleksandra , Urban Natalia , Lech Marcin , Reichert Paweł , Ramadanov Nikolai , Kayaalp Mahmut Enes , Prill Robert
Published: January 2025

The official medical journals of scientific societies advocate for high‐quality standards. It's important to assess whether randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in influential journals, such as the hybrid journal of the European Society of Sports Traumatology, Knee Surgery, and Arthroscopy (ESSKA), adhere to reporting guidelines and best practices. Therefore, the present scoping review aimed to explore and map the reporting practices and methodological quality in recent RCTs published in the Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy (KSSTA) journal, focusing on identifying gaps in adherence to reporting guidelines and transparency. The study was preregistered and followed the PRISMA‐ScR checklist. RCTs published in KSSTA between 2022 and 2023 were included. The search was conducted via PubMed. A two‐stage selection process was employed, with two independent reviewers conducting study selection and data extraction. Data collected included study characteristics, intervention details, sample size calculation reporting, data transparency, and adherence to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. Critical appraisal was conducted using the JBI tool for RCTs. All included RCTs (n = 25) reported a predetermined minimum sample size. Study protocol preregistration was reported in 52% of the RCTs, while only 24% provided data availability statements. Most RCTs offering data availability indicated data would be shared upon request. Adherence to CONSORT guidelines was reported in 96% of studies, with only one RCT not adhering to recognized reporting standards. All the included studies adequately addressed statistical conclusion validity. However, internal validity was less consistently addressed across the studies.

Conclusions

While most recently published RCTs in KSSTA adhered to CONSORT guidelines, there is potential for improvement in the reporting of protocol preregistration and data availability statements. Although all studies reported sample size calculations, transparency in data sharing remains limited.

Level of Evidence

Level I.
Hybrid Transition of Subseasonal Atmospheric Regimes and Its Impact on the Extreme ‘West Cold‐East Warm’ Mode in North America
Authors: Guo Ruiwei , Yao Yao , Shi Jiaqi , Luo Binhe , Luo Dehai , Zhong Linhao
Published: January 2025

On February 22, 2023, North America experienced an unusual weather phenomenon characterised by extreme cold in the west and extreme warmth in the east, reflecting a surface air temperature (SAT) seesaw pattern that significantly impacted human activities in the region. Utilising reanalysis data, we analysed this case as well as similar events in long‐term climate records. The results indicate that this extreme temperature mode is caused by a hybrid evolution of atypical North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) and Pacific‐North American (PNA) phase relationships, transitioning from a dominant positive NPO phase to a strong negative PNA phase, while maintaining and developing Pacific blocking, which we refer to as a hybrid transition of atmospheric regimes. Further analysis revealed that the anomalously weak meridional potential vorticity gradient (PVy) in southern Alaska prior to the event provided favourable conditions for the northward movement and intensification of the anticyclone in the central North Pacific, serving as a key driving factor for the transition of circulation mode from positive NPO to negative PNA. Additionally, significant anomalous outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) in the tropical Indian Ocean prior to the event indicated enhanced convective activity in that region, which may have triggered meridional Rossby waves, thereby influencing the transition between NPO and PNA in mid to high latitudes. Thus, the anomalous PVy in southern Alaska and the OLR from the tropical Indian Ocean may serve as potential precursor indicators for such extreme weather events.
A Novel Disulfidptosis‐Related Risk Signature for Prognostic Prediction in Patients With Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Che Chunqing , Song Delei , Xue Peng , Yin Xuqing
Published: January 2025

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a malignant bone tumor prevalent among children and adolescents. Disulfidptosis represents a novel form of cell death; however, the mechanism of disulfidptosis in ES remains unclear. Our aim is to explore the disulfidptosis‐related prognostic signature in ES. Utilizing transcriptomic and clinical data of ES, disulfidptosis‐related hub genes (DRHGs) were identified by differential gene expression analysis and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. A disulfidptosis‐related risk score model (DRRS) was constructed based on these DRHGs. The performance of DRRS was assessed using survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Immune cell infiltration in different risk subgroups and correlations between DRRS and antitumor reagents were also analyzed. In this study, we developed a disulfidptosis‐related prognostic feature based on LRPPRC (leucine rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing), IQGAP1 (IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1), NDUFS1 (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S1), and TLN1 (talin 1), which may serve as a predictive and independent risk factor for ES. ES patients in the high‐risk group exhibited a poorer prognosis, had a higher proportion of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2 type of tumor‐associated macrophages, and showed heightened sensitivity to some antitumor agents such as nilotinib and olaparib. This study is the first to construct a disulfidptosis‐related prognostic signature that may predict the prognosis and immune response in ES patients, thereby providing a new reference for understanding the mechanisms of ES and guiding immunotherapy.
Achilles Tendon Surgical Repair Partially Restores Early Plantar Flexor Structure and Function in a Rat Model
Authors: Hammo Ahmad , Sofi Liala , Boakye Lorraine A. T. , Baxter Josh R.
Published: January 2025

Achilles tendon ruptures significantly impair long‐term patient function, with two‐thirds of patients experiencing persistent functional deficits. Although nonsurgical treatment has gained popularity due to its perceived lower risk of complications, the specific effects of this approach on tendon healing, muscle function, and overall performance remain poorly understood. Directly comparing surgical and nonsurgical treatment options in a clinical population is challenging given the diverse nature of the patient population. Preclinical models are essential to isolate the mechanisms underlying these treatments, enabling a detailed examination of the structural and functional outcomes that are difficult to assess in human studies. Here, we surgically induced Achilles tendon ruptures in 20 adult male Sprague Dawley rats and repaired the rupture in half of these animals. Then, functional outcomes were assessed by measuring plantar flexor torque across the ankle's range of motion using a custom‐developed small animal dynamometer, and structural changes were evaluated through measurements of Achilles tendon elongation and plantar flexor muscle mass. We found that surgical treatment led to 11%–35% increased functional plantar flexor torque outcomes compared to nonsurgical treatment. Additionally, plantar flexor muscle mass decreased by 21% in nonsurgically treated animals compared to only 12% in the surgically treated group. Our results suggest that surgically repairing a tendon rupture restores plantar flexor function more effectively than nonsurgical treatment; however, persistent functional deficits in both groups indicate that enhanced rehabilitation strategies are necessary for full functional restoration.