bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El mito de la conflictividad del mundo árabe: de la época colonial a las revueltas populares
Authors: Álvarez-Ossorio Alvariño Ignacio
Published: June 2015

Con demasiada frecuencia se suele describir al mundo árabe como conflictivo, dada la prolongación en el tiempo de conflictos, guerras y tensiones entre algunos de sus países. Se ha convertido en un lugar común recurrir al factor religioso para explicar dicha conflictividad, aludiendo a la existencia de una supuesta ‘excepción islámica’ según la cual los países árabes serían refractarios a la democracia y proclives al autoritarismo. En realidad, estos conflictos sólo son comprensibles si aplicamos consideraciones generales y universales ya que, como en el resto del mundo, suelen obedecer a razones de índole política, económica y/o social.
Two matrix methods for solution of nonlinear and linear Lane-Emden type equations with mixed condition by operational matrix
Authors: Basirat Behrooz , Shahdadi Mohammad Amin
Published: June 2015

The aim of this article is to present an efficient numerical procedure for solving Lane-Emden type equations. We present two practical matrix method for solving Lane-Emden type equations with mixed conditions by Bernstein polynomials operational matrices (BPOMs) on interval [a; b]. This methods transforms Lane-Emden type equations and the given conditions into matrix equation which corresponds to a system of linear algebraic equations. We also give some numerical examples to demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the operational matrices for solving Lane-Emden type equations (LEEs).
Energiegenossenschaften — das Erfolgsmodell braucht neue Dynamik
Authors: Müller Jakob R. , Dorniok Daniel , Flieger Burghard , Holstenkamp Lars , Mey Franziska , Radtke Jörg
Published: June 2015

Energiegenossenschaften, in denen sich Bürger(innen) ehrenamtlich engagieren, sind zu einem Symbol für eine bürgernahe Energiewende geworden.Neue Energiegenossenschaften werden jedoch kaum noch gegründet, weil sie nach der Novelle des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes
gegenüber großen Anbietern benachteiligt sind. Gefragt sind nun neue Geschäftsmodelle, die helfen, dieses Modell neben Stadtwerken und privatwirtschaftlichen Versorgern auf dem Energiemarkt zu etablieren. So müssen die Genossenschaftsmitglieder etwa Know-how aufbauen,
hauptamtliche Stellen schaffen und Risikokapital mobilisieren.
Artura Kozaka cierpliwość wobec prawa
Authors: Pichlak Maciej
Published: June 2015

The essay treats on a legal-theoretical project of ‘iuriscentrism’, proposed by Polish legal philosopher Artur Kozak. It begins with an exploration of theoretical and axiological foundations of this theory, which are, first and foremost, sociological institutionalism (as for a social ontology), philosophical transcendentalism (as for a theory of knowledge and action), and affirmative approach towards axiological foundations of the legal order. Subsequently, the article focuses on practical consequences of the above choices, which are a limitation of the judicial discretional power, and a unique way of legitimating the legal practice. According to iuriscentrism, the law is said to play a focal role in the contemporary, ethically pluralist and functionally differentiated societies; for those reasons a special approach to the legal order, the one termed as ‘a faith in law’ or ‘a patience to the law’, is necessarily required.
Libertarny radykalizm
Authors: Juruś Dariusz
Published: June 2015

In the paper I identify foundations of radical libertarianism, which could be called libertarianism in a sensu stricto. This sense is perceived from the Rothbardian’s perspective, whose theory of property is pivotal for our considerations. Murray N. Rothbard claims that property rights, which are derived from the principle of self-possession, are absolute. The absoluteness of property rights is the core of our standpoint. We argue that to define libertarianism in a strict sense we need also, as supportive elements: (i) the doctrine of natural rights, on the ethical level; (ii) the Austrian theory of economy, on the level of economics; and (iii) individualistic anarchism, on a political level. We believe that the absolute right to property and these three theories can be considered as a coherent theory which we can call libertarianism in a strict sense.
Krytycznie o „wyjściu”
Authors: Dudek Michał
Published: June 2015

In multiculturalism, “exit”, or to be more precise, “right to exit” is very often thought of in terms of a condition of state’s non-interference in the minority groups. However popular, this account seems to be flawed with a number of controversial assumptions, questionable theoretical and practical implications and can lead to significant paradoxes. First of all, treating “exit” as a state’s non-interventionism condition also means that in fact representatives of minority groups should actually leave their communities in order to obtain all of the civil rights and liberties – be treated as “full”, not “partial” citizens. Various other problems connected with this account (i.a. the issue of general function of “right to exit” and civil rights and liberties or mutual relations between these two categories) presented and discussed in the paper justify a proposal of change of approach towards concept of “exit”. Either one should take really seriously the assumed normative character of it and construct a whole separate theory of “right to exit” from scratch, or maybe one should simply stop treating leaving one’s oppressive culture in terms of “right” or “freedom” and understand it only in descriptive manner.
Uprawnienia mieszkańców jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w zakresie dostępu do informacji publicznej
Authors: Cern Grażyna , Bojar-Fijałkowski Tomasz
Published: June 2015

The text tries to answer a question which information is to be recognized as public information, whereby local communities and/ or self-government should share the information if requested by citizens. More than that, the text aims to present the rule of disclosure and access to public information as well as ways of implementing them in local governments. It is also worth to debate when public information is recognized as processed and what an internal document is, if it is also recognized as public information. In consequence, a requirement to prove a special social interest, when applying for the processed information, also becomes a significant issue. Finally, authors raise a question what to do when an organ which is obliged, in this case a self government unit, rejects an access to such information or when one deals with its inaction in that field. Due to a generality of those regulations and lack of legal definitions of many instruments, including the term of public information, it is necessary to present a doctrine and judgments on that issue.
Comparison of two programs for quantification of 1H MR spectra of rat brain using a vascular dementia model
Authors: Jozefovičová Mária , Just Ivica , Liptaj Tibor , Kašparová Svatava
Published: June 2015

The quantification of in vivo
1H magnetic resonance (MR) spectra measured from the rat brains provides important information about the brain metabolite concentrations and can help to understand the role of the metabolites under normal and pathological conditions.

The purpose of this study was to compare the most frequently used algorithms for quantification of 1H spectra: LCModel (Linear Combination of Model spectra) and QUEST (QUantitation based on QUantum ESTimation) from jMRUI software (Java based Magnetic Resonance User Interface). The comparison was done on a rat model of vascular dementia (VD). The MR spectra were measured on 4.7T spectrometer with ultra-short echo time by sequence SPECIAL. For these types of spectra the contribution from the macromolecules and lipids is large.

Our analysis revealed that all values determined by QUEST, except for one value, were lower in comparison to values obtained by LCModel. The minimal differences were found in N-acetylaspartate/(phospho) creatine (−0.3 %) and maximal in inositol in both control and VD rats. This underestimation of a metabolite concentration in QUEST may be caused by an overestimation of baseline.

Although our study found the different values of metabolite concentrations by these two methods, the quantified metabolite changes in pathological brain were comparable in both analyses.
Food allergy and intolerance
Authors: Petruláková Monika , Valík Ľubomír
Published: June 2015

Allergic reactions to foods represent severe actual problems for mankind having increased global character. Adverse food reactions are divided to food allergy, an immunological response to food, and food intolerance, a non-immune reaction with allergy-like symptoms. It is estimated that 6–8 % of children and 1–2 % of adults suffer from food allergy. The prevalence of food intolerance in adults is no more than 5–6 %, however in infants and young children, it is varied from 0.3 % to 20 %. Allergy is caused by different food allergens (milk proteins, cereals, nuts, fruits and vegetables), while there is frequent cross-allergy among them. Food intolerance is adverse reaction resulting from enzyme deficiencies, pharmacological reactions, and response to toxic or irritant components of food. Focusing on dairy products and cereals, the impact of fermentation in reducing food intolerance or allergenicity is reviewed in this paper.
Comparison Of AIS-Based Prediction Of The Distance At The CPA With Factual Separation Between Vessels
Authors: Banyś Paweł , Heymann Frank , Engler Evelin , Noack Thoralf
Published: June 2015

Since its deployment in 2004, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been considered a significant improvement of watchkeeping duties at sea. According to current regulations, AIS has not been recognised as an approved anticollision instrument yet. However, it would be difficult to rule out a possibility that AIS, being an essential part of the onboard SOLAS — compliant configuration, is unaidedly used for collision avoidance tasks. Recent research activities of DLR's Department of Nautical Systems have shown that AIS transmissions may contain a lot of incomplete data and the system does not have any dependable information on its data integrity. For that reason, the computation of the closest point of approach (CPA) and the time to the CPA (TCPA) are analysed based on AIS data involving multiple vessels, in order to compare the predictions with factual approaches between vessels and to evaluate the usability of AIS data, in its present form, for the appraisal of the traffic situation around each vessel.
The Influence Of Radar Picture Stabilization Type To Anti-Collision Manoeuvre Planning Accuracy
Authors: Juszkiewicz Wiesław
Published: June 2015

The problem of the accuracy of anti-collision manoeuvres planning and executing at different radar picture stabilization methods (sea or ground stabilization) is described in the article. The analysis of performance standards elaborated for the radar equipment and the results of the simulation are presented. The obtained research results could be the base of discussion on the need to correct the radar equipment performance standards for easier and more appropriate interpretation of information. Basic radar utility use (for example trial manoeuvre) should be more clearly described in manuals for better and proper radar use.
Study Of Differential Code GPS/GLONASS Positioning
Authors: Przestrzelski Paweł , Bakuła Mieczysław
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the essential issues and problems associated with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) code differential positioning simultaneously using observations from at least two independent satellite navigation systems. To this end, two satellite navigation systems were selected: GPS (Global Positioning System, USA) and GLONASS (GLObalnaya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema, Russia). The major limitations and methods of their elimination are described, as well as the basic advantages and benefits resulting from the application of the DGNSS (Differential GNSS) positioning method. Theoretical considerations were verified with the post-processed observations gathered during a six-hour measurement. The data from selected reference stations of the ASG-EUPOS (Active Geodetic Network — EUPOS) system located at different distances from the rover site was used. The study showed that the DGNSS positioning method achieves higher accuracy and precision, and improves the stability of coordinate determination in the time domain, compared to positioning which uses only one satellite navigation system. However, it was shown that its navigational application requires further studies, especially for long distances from the reference station.
Maritime Training Serbian Autonomous Vessel Protection Detachment
Authors: Šoškić Svetislav D. , Radojević Slobodan M. , Komazec Nenad M.
Published: June 2015

The crisis in Somalia has caused appearance of piracy at sea in the Gulf of Aden and the Western Indian Ocean. Somali pirates have become a threat to economic security of the world because almost 30 percent of world oil and 20 percent of global trade passes through the Gulf of Aden. Solving the problem of piracy in this part of the world have included international organizations, institutions, military alliances and the states, acting in accordance with international law and UN Security Council resolutions. The European Union will demonstrate the application of a comprehensive approach to solving the problem of piracy at sea and the crisis in Somalia conducting naval operation — EU NAVFOR Atalanta and operation EUTM under the Common Security and Defense Policy. The paper discusses approaches to solving the problem of piracy in the Gulf of Aden and the crisis in Somalia. Also, the paper points to the complexity of the crisis in Somalia and dilemmas correctness principles that are applied to solve the problem piracy at sea. One of goals is protections of vessels of the World Food Programme (WFP) delivering food aid to displaced persons in Somalia. Republic of Serbia joined in this mission and trained and sent one a autonomous team in this military operation for protection WFP. This paper consist the problem of modern piracy, particularly in the area of the Horn of Africa became a real threat for the safety of maritime ships and educational process of Serbian Autonomous vessel protection detachment. Serbian Military Academy adopted and developed educational a training program against piracy applying all the provisions and recommendations of the IMO conventions and IMO model courses for Serbian Autonomous vessel protection detachment.
The Concept Of Marine Seismic Research Quality Coefficient Of To Improve Its Accuracy And Efficiency
Authors: Waluś Artur , Gucma Lucjan , Putynkowski Grzegorz
Published: June 2015

The paper presents the stages of quantitative coefficient of marine seismic researches creation for the geophysical vessels towing the geophysical seismic equipment understood as system of seismic streamers where set of geophones are installed. The quality coefficient of geophysical research works is based on the mathematical model of the deviation of the position of the arrangement of streamers geophone points with relation to their idealized position. The proposed coefficient can be used during realization of seismic researches and for short-term prediction of their quality.
Determining Ship Position In A Harbour Based On Omnidirectional Image Of The Coastline
Authors: Naus Krzysztof , Wąż Mariusz
Published: June 2015

The following article presents researches aimed at the evaluation of precision in determining a ship’s position through comparing a omnidirectional map image to a real vision image of the coast line. The first part establishes the thesis and preparatory forms in conducting the research. It also presents designed and built equipment including a research tool software. A system equipped with a spherical catadioptric camera that aids data collection on board ship designated to processing and analyzing data collected on board in connection with the spherical images of an electronic navigational chart with a software module. The second part explains procedures followed in conducting the research. The foreword note explains the procedure in data collection aboard a ship maneuvering in the port after which the algorithm for position placement and precise parametrical count was presented. The concluding part shows analyses of obtained research result. It bears a performance on the evaluation of precision at determining position. As a measure, an average error value and distance fluctuation of obtained position from referential position. As our conclusion, primary agents having rudimentary influence on the quality of correlating spherical map image to coastline visual image were characterized.
Comparison of non-native dwarf eelgrass (Zostera japonica) and native eelgrass (Zostera marina) distributions in a northeast Pacific estuary: 1997–2014
Authors: Young David , Clinton Patrick , Specht David , Collura T Chris Mochon
Published: June 2015

In this study, we investigated the rate and pattern of expansion of a non-native eelgrass, Zostera japonica, in relation to the distribution of the native eelgrass Zostera marina in a coastal estuary of the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The distributions of the Zostera congeners were monitored between 1997 and 2014 in Yaquina Estuary on the central Oregon coast, USA, using digital classification of color infrared aerial photographs and ground surveys. Correction factors for seasonal variations in cover were obtained to normalise the annual photo survey results to a common date (mid-August). Major expansions in the distributions of Z. japonica meadows over most of the 17-year study period were observed. However, there was no indication that the large (∼1500%) increase in areal extent of Z. japonica in the lower estuary between 1997 and 2007 was accompanied by a change in areal extent of the native Z. marina in this system.
On Entropy Bumps for Calderón-Zygmund Operators
Authors: Lacey Michael T. , Spencer Scott
Published: June 2015

We study twoweight inequalities in the recent innovative language of ‘entropy’ due to Treil-Volberg. The inequalities are extended to L

then any Calderón-Zygmund operator T satisfies the bound ||T
Solvent-dependent rheological behavior of concentrated solutions of a cationic acrylic terpolymer containing self-assembled chains
Authors: Lahooti-Fard Farzad , Imani Mohammad , Yousefi Ali Akbar
Published: June 2015

It has been proved that alcohol molecules exist as cyclic and chain aggregates of different sizes in pure or mixed solvent systems. Here, it will be shown that these aggregates can radically change the rheological properties of a concentrated polymer solution containing self-assembled chains. In a previous study by the same authors, the existence of self-assembled structures in dilute solution of poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate) in an alcoholic solvent mixture was shown according to small angle X-ray scattering results, showing that these structure were much more compact than those in acetone. This finding is based on the role of alcohol aggregates as physical cross-linkers. Here, the existence of self-assembled structures in concentrated solutions of the same terpolymer was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and rheology results both in acetone (a good solvent) and in a solvent mixture composed of acetone, ethanol and 1-propanol. For the terpolymer solutions in the solvent mixture, very little decrease in complex viscosity and shear thickening were observed at high strains and frequencies, respectively. It can be concluded that the alcohol aggregates can cause the formation of strong self-assembled structures that can even resist high shear forces or strains.
Impact Of Modernization On Religious Institution: A Case Study Of Khyber Pakhtun Khwa, Pakistan
Authors: Menhas Rashid , Umer Shumaila , Akhtar Saira , Shabbir Ghulam
Published: June 2015

Religion is a unified system of sacred norms, values, beliefs and objects. In any society religion plays an important role in the shaping of the people’s lives, behaviour and interactions. In every aspect of life people consult with their religion and act according to the teachings of religion. At present modernization, globalization and social change are creating very drastic changes in every sphere of life. These changes have both negative and positive impacts on the society. Modernisation is also creating very serious changes in the social institution of religion. In Pakistan, modernization have very severe impact on religion and many sub-sects have been created under the religion of Islam. Each and every sect is claiming that their teachings are true. This phenomenon is crating sectarian violence in Pakistani society. Present study was conducted in the province of “Khyber Pakhtun Khwa, Pakistan”. Pakhtun people follow religion strictly in every segment of life. They sacrifices their lives on the name of Islam. But at present due to modernization, this phenomenon has been changed. Main objective of this study was to analyze the major impacts of modernisation on the religion of Islam in “Pakhtun” culture and society.
Extreme precipitation events in the Forest Promotion Complex of Silesian Beskid
Authors: Durło Grzegorz B. , Małek Stanisław , Socha Jarosław
Published: June 2015

An increase in frequency of weather phenomena in the Western Beskids that are disadvantageous for natural environment caused an upset of ecologic balance, especially within the scope of water management and retention. Concerns referring to forest groups maintaining their stability are fully justified, regarding that in many areas of the Beskids, there is an intensive reconstruction of stands of trees in the lower subalpine region. In turn, young generations of trees are continuously stresses, which arise from periodic shortages of precipitation within the course of the whole vegetation process. The presented work encompasses characteristics of extreme rainfall events that might have a negative impact on growth and development of Norway spruce stands in the Silesian Beskid in recent decades.

The article makes use of meteorological data from a multiannual period (1951–2010), gathered in 26 meteorological stations of the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) in Silesian Beskid one station located in the Carpathian regional gene bank and two under canopy posts located in Wisła forestry inspectorate area. Special attention was devoted to the presence of extreme phenomena and their repeatability. The analysis of parameters of rainfall sequences was complemented with indexes determining ecological requirements of spruce, such as: Schmuck moisture indicator, Vogel-Daniels habitat dryness index and abundance of rainfall indicator developed in this study.

Results of climatological analysis confirmed that weather phenomena with, especially dynamic course may lead to destabilisation of even a properly formed and adequately developed forest ecosystem, and as a consequence, disturb stability in the natural environment. Diminishment of the index of precipitation size, which has been observed in recent years, may be one of the most crucial causes that limit the number of spruces in the stands of trees of the lower subalpine region in Silesian Beskid. The climatological analysis confirmed that during 60 years in Silesian Beskid, there were over 20 extreme weather (precipitation) episodes of different courses, intensity and surface reach, out of which at least 9 played a key role in lowering the health condition of the trees, as a consequence, it influenced destabilisation of the spruce stands in the lower subalpine region, regardless of their age or location within the area.
Multispectral MODIS data for visual interpretation of fog and low layer clouds
Authors: Krawczyk Karolina , Jasiński Janusz
Published: June 2015

The paper presents the capability of applying selected modern remote sensing methods based on commonly available high spatial resolution MODIS images to fog and low layer clouds detection. Single spectral channel images, differential images and selected color compositions are analyzed for distinguishing the areas of the phenomena occurrence. Their internal structure and fog/cloud particles properties are assessed using brightness temperature and reflectance diagrams.
Landscape monitoring of post-industrial areas using LiDAR and GIS technology
Authors: Wężyk Piotr , Szostak Marta , Krzaklewski Wojciech , Pająk Marek , Pierzchalski Marcin , Szwed Piotr , Hawryło Paweł , Ratajczak Michał
Published: June 2015

The quarrying industry is changing the local landscape, forming deep open pits and spoil heaps in close proximity to them, especially lignite mines. The impact can include toxic soil material (low pH, heavy metals, oxidations etc.) which is the basis for further reclamation and afforestation. Forests that stand on spoil heaps have very different growth conditions because of the relief (slope, aspect, wind and rainfall shadows, supply of solar energy, etc.) and type of soil that is deposited. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology deliver point clouds (XYZ) and derivatives as raster height models (DTM, DSM, nDSM=CHM) which allow the reception of selected 2D and 3D forest parameters (e.g. height, base of the crown, cover, density, volume, biomass, etc). The automation of ALS point cloud processing and integrating the results into GIS helps forest managers to take appropriate decisions on silvicultural treatments in areas with failed plantations (toxic soil, droughts on south-facing slopes; landslides, etc.) or as regular maintenance. The ISOK country-wide project ongoing in Poland will soon deliver ALS point cloud data which can be successfully used for the monitoring and management of many thousands of hectares of destroyed post-industrial areas which according to the law, have to be afforested and transferred back to the State Forest.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a new 1D Pb(II) coordination polymer containing salicylate and 2,2′-bipyridine ligands
Authors: Shi Wei-Wei , Cheng Yuan-Zheng , Zhang Li-Ping
Published: June 2015

A new one-dimensional coordination polymer [Pb(2,2
The Effects Of Swimming And Dry-Land Resistance Training Programme On Non-Swimmers
Authors: Sadowski Jerzy , Mastalerz Andrzej , Gromisz Wilhelm , Jówko Ewa , Buszta Mariusz
Published: June 2015

Introduction
. The aim of the study was to estimate the influence of combined swimming and dry-land resistance training on swimming force, swimming performance and strength in non-swimmers.

Material and methods
. Thirty male non-swimmers took part in the research. They were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: experimental (n=17) and control (n=13). The experimental group took part in combined swimming and dry-land resistance training. The control group took part in swimming training only. The swimming and dry-land resistance training programme lasted twelve weeks (48 training sessions of swimming and 36 sessions of dry-land resistance training). Average training volume and intensity were the same for all swimmers throughout the study protocol. The training programme included dominant aerobic work in front crawl.

Results
. Dry-land resistance training applied in the experimental group significantly improved the upper body strength. In spite of the theory that dry-land strength training is probably not specific enough to improve the sprint swim performance, the experimental group tended to demonstrate greater improvement in sprint performance. The imitation of the underwater phase of shoulder work during front crawl provided by the ergometer can be a useful training method in non-swimmers.
Mini Trampoline Exercises And The Functional Capacity Of Patients With Spinal Pain
Authors: Raczyńska Karolina , Żurek Grzegorz , Barej Ryszard , Pelzer Oskar , Lehrl Siegfried
Published: June 2015

Introduction
. One of the reasons for the lower quality of life of ageing patients has to do with the chronic pain they experience due to disorders of the locomotor and nervous systems. These disorders include osteoarthritis, and in particular degenerative-deforming changes in the spine, which increase the patients’ tendency to fall and to suffer increasingly severe consequences as a result. Financial resources, both in Poland and in many other countries, are mainly allocated to treating patients, and it seems that measures which would help prevent falls are not being taken to a sufficient extent, bearing in mind how important fall prevention is for dealing with old age-related health issues. According to the latest medical expertise, falls can be effectively prevented if multi-disciplinary prevention programmes are implemented. These programmes consist of specially designed and varied exercises using machines and other equipment which help improve joint mobility and restore balance control. The aim to the study was to determine what impact exercises using a mini trampoline had on the functional capacity of a group of middle-aged subjects who participated in the study.

Material and methods
. The study was conducted at the KRUS “GRANIT” Farmers’ Rehabilitation Centre in Szklarska Poręba on a group of 80 persons aged 45-55 years (67% of them were women and 33% were men), who completed a mini trampoline exercise programme as part of a 21-day rehabilitation course. Before the subjects started the programme and after they completed it, basic somatic measurements were taken, tests were conducted in order to diagnose the subjects’ functional capacity and the subjective level of pain experienced by the subjects was measured using a pain rating scale (VAS).

Results
. It was found that the regular mini trampoline exercises had had an impact on the functional capacity of the subjects and the training had significantly reduced pain in the lumbar region of the spine.
Degrees of Propositionality in Construals of Time Quantities
Authors: Deckert Mikołaj , Pęzik Piotr
Published: June 2015

The paper investigates the possible conceptual bases of differences between seemingly synonymous and easily definable temporal expressions. Looking at the usage patterns of nominal temporal phrases in reference corpora of English and Polish we attempt to relate these subtleties to the different granularity of the cognitive scales on which construals of time quantities in general are based. More specifically, we focus on a subset of nominal temporal expressions which adhere to the “number + time unit” pattern, matching what Haspelmath (1997: 26) describes as “culture-bound artificial time units”. Using the British National Corpus (BNC) and the National Corpus of Polish (NCP), we first analyse both the variation and the regularity found in naturally-occurring samples of Polish and English. Finally, we compare the patterns of use emerging from the two corpora and arrive at cross-linguistic generalisations about the conceptualisation of time quantities.
The Identification of Innovative Research Methods and Techniques Utilized in Marketing Research in the Digital Era
Authors: Žák Štefan
Published: June 2015

The current technological advancement and the mass utilization of information and communication technology create a milestone in the way marketing research is conducted. The presented scientific contribution focuses on the identification of innovative research methods and techniques, which have the highest degree of applicability in the process of marketing research in the near future. The aim of this paper is also to predict the changes that are going to affect the development of marketing research in the near future, based on an analysis of the current status in comparison with the results of an own scientific study.
Borders, boundaries, and becoming food studies: Looking back, pushing forward
Authors: Brady Jennifer , Levkoe Charles Z , Szanto David
Published: June 2015

On May 25, 2014, at the ninth annual assembly of the Canadian Association for Food Studies (CAFS), we (the authors) organized a plenary panel that assembled a number of leading food scholars from across North America to reflect on the current state of food studies. This commentary brings together the perspectives from the presentations as well as our own thoughts and ideas. We aim to consider some of the trajectories and intersections of food studies as a field, as well as the spaces and boundaries that it might occupy and transgress.
Alternative agrifood movements: Patterns of convergence and divergence by Douglas, H. Constance, Marie-Christine Renard, and Marta G. Rivera-Ferre (Eds.)
Authors: Schumilas Theresa
Published: June 2015

The introduction to this volume offers a concise overview of the history and state of AAFN scholarship, making it a great early read for newcomers to the field. Drawing together experiences of global South food justice movements and global North alternative food movements is welcomed and a critical foundation to an engaged scholarship that can help unite food movements. I hope we can expand such comparisons. However, the book’s conclusion seems to iron over the wrinkles and messiness with sweeping generalizations, thereby eclipsing possibilities.
The no-nonsense guide to world food: New edition by Wayne Roberts
Authors: Regnier-Davies Jenelle , Scott Steffanie
Published: June 2015

For many, the world of food is complicated and riddled with confusion and misinformation. The food system has become so globalized and convoluted that it has become difficult for even the most conscientious reader or eater to feel adequately informed. Wayne Roberts’ No-Nonsense Guide to World Food is a helpful antidote, and an accessible read appropriate for activists, students, or anyone curious about the complex terrain of food politics. This edition of World Food is both informal and informative—qualities known in the “No-Nonsense” book series.
“Ways of knowing” in food studies
Authors: Desjardins Ellen
Published: June 2015

What do we mean by food studies? Is it a distinct field or not, and what might it encompass? This issue starts, poignantly, with a commentary that summarizes some intense deliberations on these questions at CAFS 2014, the annual meeting of the Canadian Association for Food Studies. The authors conclude by suggesting that “food studies scholars and practitioners...traverse not just disciplinary boundaries, but epistemological boundaries.” This entails more than different methodologies, as they point out, but may open up a broader typological range of research questions, examine how food can serve as a catalyst for exploring new issues, and expand the possibilities of where, or to whom, researchers can turn as a source of learning. Moreover, when disciplines are projected as “ways of knowing, doing and writing” rather than “static territories of knowledge,” such an approach can reveal potential “relationships among the disciplines that are often otherwise obscured.”
Ukrainian Language Education Network: A Case of Engaged Scholarship
Authors: Nedashkivska Allan , Bilash Olenka
Published: June 2015

The study explores one longitudinal case of engaged scholarship, the collaborative practices in the Ukrainian language educational network from the 1970s to the present. The focus is on the Ukrainian Language Education Centre (ULEC) at the University of Alberta, which over almost four decades has worked with the community in the development of Ukrainian education by keeping approaches to language learning and its use on the cutting edge of practice. Over the years, ULEC engaged with the community seeking to respond to the communityâ€™s needs. Past and present practices of ULEC and its partners are studied through the prism of the engaged scholarship framework (Boyer, 1996; Barker, 2004; Sandmann 2008, 2009). These practices are analyzed through three strands of engagement: purposes, processes, and products, which are defined, explored, and discussed. The study also describes engaged scholarship projects related to Ukrainian language education currently being conducted by ULEC, with a focus on collaboration with communities in the production of knowledge and their potential for strengthening a network of reciprocity.Â Â
Entoloma shandongense T. Bau & J.R. Wang (Agaricales, Entolomataceae): a new distributional record from India
Authors: Acharya Krishnendu , Paloi Soumitra , Dutta Arun Kumar , Bera Ishika
Published: June 2015

This study reports Entoloma shandongense (first described from China) as a new record for the macrofungal mycota from India. A phylogenetic analysis based on ITS show that E. shandongense can be readily distinguished from other blue coloured morphologically similar species, such as E. atrum. A detailed taxonomic description with illustrations and an artificial key to blue-coloured Entoloma species from India and surrounding areas are provided.
Taniec w dziele nowej ewangelizacji
Authors: Pawlus Kinga
Published: June 2015

Autorka próbuje odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy taniec może być narzędziem w dziele nowej ewangelizacji. Szukając odpowiedzi, sięga do Pisma Świętego, historii Kościoła, dokumentu o tańcu w liturgii Kongregacji ds. Kultu Bożego i Dyscypliny Sakramentów. Przywołuje przykłady wykorzystania tańca podczas spotkań z młodymi, jakimi są Lednica lub Światowe Dni Młodzieży.
Osoba św. Melanii Młodszej w świetle Vita Sanctae Melaniae Senatricis Romae autorstwa Geroncjusza
Authors: Witos Barbara
Published: June 2015

Wiadomości o życiu św. Melanii czerpiemy z życiorysu (w dwóch redakcjach, greckiej i łacińskiej) napisanego przez prezbitera Geroncjusza po roku 452. Św. Melania Młodsza urodziła się w Rzymie w 383 lub 385 roku, w zamożnej rodzinie Waleriuszy (gens Valeria). Była córką senatora Waleriusza Publicoli i Albiny Ceionia oraz wnuczką Melanii Starszej. W wieku 14 lat decyzją rodziców została żoną swego kuzyna, 17-letniego Waleriusza Pinianusa. Melania pragnęła prowadzić życie ascetyczne, do czego nieustannie zachęcała też swojego męża. Po śmierci dwójki dzieci wspólnie z mężem podjęli decyzję o życiu w ascezie. Sprzedali kolejno posiadłości rozrzucone po całym świecie, a pieniądze rozdawali na jałmużnę. Po opuszczeniu Rzymu udali się do św. Paulina w Noli, następnie do Afryki, gdzie spotkali się ze św. Augustynem. Po siedmiu latach pobytu w Afryce udali się do Ziemi Świętej. Melania ufundowała tam co najmniej dwa klasztory. Na Górze Oliwnej Melania spędziła kilka lat, żyjąc w surowej ascezie. Odbyła też podróż do Egiptu, gdzie odwiedziła najbardziej znane ośrodki życia monastycznego i pustelniczego. Zmarła 31 grudnia 439 roku w opinii świętości. W 1907 roku Pius X zatwierdził jej kult liturgiczny.
Ciało dla Pana, a Pan dla ciała (1 Kor 6, 13) – przyczynek do teologii ciała ludzkiego
Authors: Kozakiewicz Stanisław
Published: June 2015

W dzisiejszych czasach cała uwaga skupia się tylko na cielesnej sferze człowieka. Można zauważyć, jak rośnie kult ludzkiego ciała, bardzo często oderwanego od prawdziwej miłości. Następuje więc swoista degradacja godności człowieka i zawężenie ontologii, jak też egzystencji ludzkiej tylko do doczesności. W niektórych kręgach współczesnej, zlaicyzowanej Europy rozwijają się ośrodki, które mają zapędy kultyczne w traktowaniu ludzkiego ciała i cielesności.Ażeby nie pogłębiał się proces destrukcji w rozumieniu człowieka i jego ciała, potrzebne jest rozwijanie i propagowanie chrześcijańskiej nauki o ludzkim ciele.Nie można odzierać człowieka i jego ciała z tego, co stanowi o jego tajemnicy i swoistym sacrum, którego źródłem jest sam Bóg. Dlatego prawda o stworzeniu człowieka na obraz Boży i Jego podobieństwo powinna być ustawicznie pogłębiana i upowszechniana. Człowiek jest obrazem Bożym nie tylko poprzez swoją duchowość, ale i przez cielesność, więc cały należy do Boga. Pozytywna i prawdziwa sakralizacja ciała ludzkiego zapewni integralne spojrzenie na człowieka.Teologia ciała zajmowała szczególne miejsce w nauczaniu św. Jana Pawła II. Opcja teologiczna umożliwia widzenie człowieka w całym jego wymiarze. Dlatego teologiczne rozumienie problemu, czym jest ciało człowieka i jaka jest jego cielesność, ściśle łączy się z teologią miłości ludzkiej. Niniejsze opracowanie było jedynie zasygnalizowaniem wieloaspektowej problematyki w chrześcijańskim patrzeniu i rozumieniu ludzkiego ciała.
O contratualismo como método: política, direito e neocontratualismo
Authors: Chiappin J. R. N. , Leister Carolina
Published: June 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o contratualismo como método e como o resultado de uma sistematização de outros métodos de construção do conhecimento. Enquanto o contratualismo clássico tem como paradigmas os modelos, geométrico e mecânico, da Física de Galileu e de Descartes - em particular, o modelo de escolha racional com Descartes -, o contratualismo rawlsiano tem como paradigma alguns modelos da microeconomia - em particular, o modelo de equilíbrio geral. O método contratualista tem como projeto a transformação, no século XVII, da política e do Direito em uma disciplina científica, assumindo que, no século XVII: (i) o modelo do conhecimento é o modelo geométrico e o conhecimento é conhecimento certo; (ii) o modelo de indivíduo admite-o como racional e auto-interessado; (iii) há uma teoria racional da ação e decisão humana. Portanto, para viabilizar o projeto de transformar a política e o Direito em ciência, o contratualismo é aqui interpretado não substantivamente, mas instrumentalmente, como método para acessar os fundamentos do mundo político. O método contratualista persegue uma combinação do modelo científico do conhecimento das causas eficientes e de suas relações aos efeitos, com o modelo de conhecimento das causas finais como estudo dos fins ou das características funcionais das coisas. Para interpretarmos o contratualismo como método, admitimos o novo modelo da relação entre conhecimento e tecnologia elaborado pela ciência moderna, que sustenta que o conhecimento da natureza é um conhecimento de conquista e domínio capaz de produzir mecanismos tecnológicos de intervenção na natureza com o objetivo de, conhecendo e manipulando as causas, obter os efeitos desejados.
Hidroelektrana Ombla Projekt za energetsko korištenje podzemnih voda u kršu i trajno očuvanje visoke kvalitete pitke vode
Authors: Paviša Tomislav
Published: June 2015

Energetski potencijal površinskih vodotoka na krškom terenu Dinarida, koji se u širokom pojasu proteže uz hrvatsku obalu, većim je dijelom iskorišten. Međutim, značajni dio voda koje se akumuliraju u krškom podzemlju ovoga velikog prostora, do danas nije adekvatno energetski vrednovan. Na osnovi rezultata opsežnih geoloških, hidrogeoloških, hidroloških, strukturno tektonskih, geofizičkih, geotehničkih i ostalih istraživanja izrađen je projekt HE Ombla čija je posebnost da se koristi vodom podzemnih akumulacija, stvorenih izgradnjom podzemne brane te čiji su svi objekti također smješteni u podzemlju. Izdizanjem vodozahvata iz zone baznog toka u zonu usporenog tečenja eliminiraju se uzroci povremenog onečišćenja, a u budućnosti i trajnijeg zagađenja pitke vode.
Tehnička prihvatljivost pri uvoznom carinjenju brodica i jahti te stavljanja na tržište u odnosu prema sukladnosti s novom direktivom eu-a o rekreacijskim plovilima
Authors: Dominis Željko
Published: June 2015

Carinska uprava obavlja provjeru proizvoda pri uvozu radi stavljanja na tržište Europske Unije. Kod uvoza bilo kojeg plovila, prilikom donošenja mišljenja za odobravanje puštanja plovila u slobodan promet, nadležno tijelo Carinske uprave isključivo se mora rukovoditi odredbama Direktive 2013/53/EU o rekreacijskim plovilima i osobnim plovilima na vodomlazni pogon, koja je stupila na snagu 17. siječnja 2014. godine jer je uvoz plovila, koje nije već bilo stavljeno na tržište neke od zemalja EU, uvjetovan prilaganjem Deklaracije o sukladnosti izdane u skladu s Direktivom ili potvrde o tehničkoj prihvatljivosti brodice ili jahte, koju za brodice izdaje nadležno Ministarstvo pomorstva, prometa i infrastrukture, a za jahte Hrvatski registar brodova.
A water balance approach to assess rainwater availability potential in urban areas: the case of Beijing, China
Authors: Liu Wen , Chen Weiping , Peng Chi , Wu Laosheng , Qian Yuguo
Published: June 2015

Rainwater is an underutilized water resource that has become more important in recent years; due to severe water logging and water shortage in cities. The evaluation of rainwater harvesting potential is of fundamental importance in planning rainwater harvesting systems and management policies. In this study, we used minute-interval rainfall data and the water mass balance method coupling urban hydrological processes to assess the annual rainwater availability potential (RAP) of different underlying surfaces in the urban areas of Beijing (inside the 5th Ring Road). The estimated total RAP was 154.49 million m3 in 2013. About 53% of rainwater could be effectively harvested for use, among which the rooftops had the highest harvesting ratio of 70%, and contributed about half of the total RAP. Indirect use of rainwater can be achieved through infiltration facilities, of which concave green land construction and porous brick pavement can increase the amount of rainfall that infiltrates into the soil by 18.89% and 55.69%, respectively. Rainwater harvesting and utilization could serve as a significant water source for the urban areas in Beijing.
Numerical analysis of roll waves in chutes
Authors: Bazargan Jalal , Aghebatie Behrouz
Published: June 2015

Uniform flow will become unstable when the channel slope is very steep. When this happens, the free surface will form a series of roll waves. This paper, using the Fluent software and applying the volume of fluid model to simulate free surface flow and the k – ε turbulence model, analyzes conditions for roll wave formation in free surface flow with the aim of predicting their occurrence in chutes. This study describes how the type of cross-section of the chutes influences the formation of roll waves. Hydraulic characteristics of the flow in the physical model of the flood control structure for Azad Dam spillway, which consists of a side spillway, chute, and flip, are three-dimensionally simulated. Numerical predictions were compared against the experimental data and results show that there is a good agreement between numerical and experimental results. Results indicate that an increase in side slope tends towards flow stability and the slower formation of rolling waves. Also, the rolling waves are expected to be generated for sections of the chute when the difference between the maximum dynamic pressure and the minimum dynamic pressure in those sections is above 9,000 Pa.
Assessment of the surface water quality ranking in Mudan River using multivariate statistical techniques
Authors: Liu Baoling , Li Gang , You Hong , Sui Mingrui
Published: June 2015

The present research deals with the important issue of assessing surface water quality ranking by combining the use of two advanced multivariate statistical techniques: Kohonen's self-organizing maps (SOM) and the Hasse diagram technique (HDT). The object of the study is the Mudan River of Mudanjiang city region, China. Samples were collected on a regular monthly basis in 2007–2011 from all sampling sites along the river, involving six major water quality parameters. The grouping of water parameters and the clustering of sampling events by the use of SOM has helped in their pre-processing for application of the HDT. The HDT orders clusters according to the pre-clustered water sampling events. The water quality was ranked against norms established by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China in order to assess in detail the water quality of the whole river system. The resulting map of the spatial and temporal changes in the water quality at each sampling site was specifically described by ArcGIS.