bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aktualisasi Budaya Inovasi Pada Organisasi Sektor Publik
Authors: Hidayah Kemal , Kusumaningrum Mayahayati , Wismono Fani Heru , Amarullah Rustan
Published: December 2018

Innovation is the key to improve organizational performance. The development presently requires the actualization of innovation culture as a continuous improvement in the organizations' services. This paper presents an overview of the application of innovation culture in public sector organizations namely Investment and Integrated Licensing Offices (DPMPTSP) of Samarinda City, as well as factors that influence the success of actualizing the culture of innovation in this organization. This research is a qualitative research with a descriptive approach. The application of an innovation culture in DPMPTSP of Samarinda City has been relatively optimal, as evidenced by the various achievements and awards that have been achieved. Afterwards, the factors that influence the success of the actualization of innovation culture in DPMPTSP of Samarinda City are mainly by visionary and innovative leadership, reliable human resources, high team collaboration, and budget support. In addition, it can also be analyzed that the innovation culture in this organization has relatively implemented a holistic model of innovation culture.

Keywords : Innovation, Innovation Culture, Organization, Public Service

Abstrak

Inovasi merupakan kunci untuk meningkatkan performa organisasi. Perkembangan zaman menuntut aktualisasi atas budaya inovasi sebagai perbaikan terus menerus atas pelayanan organisasi yang ada. Tulisan ini menyajikan gambaran mengenai penerapan budaya inovasi dalam organisasi sektor publik yakni DPMPTSP Kota Samarinda, serta faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan aktualisasi budaya inovasi dalam organisasi tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan budaya inovasi di DPMPTSP Kota Samarinda relatif sudah berjalan optimal, terbukti dengan berbagai capaian dan penghargaan yang telah dihasilkan. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan aktualisasi budaya inovasi di DPMPTSP Kota Samarinda utamanya adalah kepemimpinan visioner dan inovatif, sumberdaya manusia yang handal, kerjasama tim yang tinggi, dan dukungan anggaran. Selain itu, juga dapat dianalisis bahwa budaya inovasi pada organisasi ini relatif sudahmenerapkan model holistik budaya inovasi. 

Kata Kunci : Inovasi, Organisasi, Budaya Inovasi, Pelayanan Publik
A concepção de trabalho na obra “A Ética Protestante e o Espírito do Capitalismo” e o conceito de trabalho para o franciscanismo à luz de Giorgio Agamben / The conception of work in the work "Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism" and the concept of work for Franciscanism in the light of Giorgio Agamben
Authors: Santos Joan Helder
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo tem como característica fundamental a análise do conceito de trabalho na obra A Ética Protestante e o Espírito do Capitalismo e o conceito de trabalho bem como pobreza no debate franciscano ocorrido no século XIII. Com efeito, o debate a cerca das questões proeminentes do espírito do capitalismo nos tempos atuais estão sendo levantadas por muitos estudiosos principalmente na área da filosofia política e da sociologia da religião. De outro modo, é comum entre os filósofos medievais disputas a cerca de problemas sobre questões políticas tais como poder e domínio. De fato, é relevante a investigação de como estas questões acerca do trabalho, poder e domínio nos medievais ressoam ainda nos tempos hodiernos. Pretendemos investigar neste artigo a diferença dos conceitos de trabalho entre o movimento franciscano e o protestantismo. Recorreremos principalmente ao debate sobre a pobreza na escola franciscana de filosofia que ocorreu no século XIII, com João XXII e Guilherme de Ockham. AbstractThis article has as fundamental characteristic the analysis of the concept of work in the work Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism and the concept of work as well as poverty in the Franciscan debate occurred in the thirteenth century. Indeed, the debate about the prominent issues of the spirit of capitalism in the present times is being raised by many scholars mainly in the area of political philosophy and the sociology of religion. Otherwise, it is common among medieval philosophers to quarrel about problems on political issues such as power and domination. Indeed, it is relevant to investigate how these questions about work, power, and dominance in the medieval still resonate in modern times. We intend to investigate in this article the difference of the concepts of work between the Franciscan movement and Protestantism. We will focus mainly on the debate on poverty in the Franciscan school of philosophy that took place in the thirteenth century, with John XXII and Guillaume de Ockham.
Identifying responders to oral iron supplementation in heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction: a post-hoc analysis of the IRONOUT-HF trial
Authors: Ambrosy Andrew P. , Lewis Gregory D. , Malhotra Rajeev , Jones Aaron D. , Greene Stephen J. , Fudim Marat , Coles Adrian , Butler Javed , Sharma Abhinav , Hernandez Adrian F. , Mentz Robert J.
Published: December 2018

Background

The IRONOUT-HF trial previously demonstrated that oral iron supplementation minimally increased iron stores and did not improve exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and iron deficiency.

Methods

The IRONOUT-HF trial was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial designed to test the efficacy and safety of oral iron polysaccharide compared to matching placebo among patients with HFrEF and iron deficiency. Study participants received oral iron polysaccharide 150 mg twice daily or matching placebo for 16 weeks. Response to oral iron was defined as a ferritin level >300 ng/mL or a ferritin level 100-300 ng/mL with a transferrin saturation >20% at the end of the study.

Results

The final analytical cohort included 98 patients with HFrEF and iron deficiency at baseline. Study participants had a median (25th, 75th) age of 63 years (54 years, 71 years), included 40% women (N = 39). After 16 weeks of therapy, 24 patients (24%) responded to oral iron supplementation while 74 patients (76%) remained iron deficient despite treatment. There was no association between response to oral iron supplementation and improvement in functional status (i.e. peak VO2 or anaerobic threshold), myocardial stress (i.e. NT-proBNP levels), or HRQOL (i.e. Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) at week 16.

Conclusion

This study failed to identify a subset of responders more likely to derive a clinical benefit from oral iron therapy and does not support its routine use in patients with symptomatic HFrEF and iron deficiency.
Design and rationale of the Edoxaban Treatment in routiNe clinical prActice for patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Europe (ETNA-AF-Europe) study
Authors: De Caterina Raffaele , Kelly Peter , Monteiro Pedro , Deharo Jean Claude , de Asmundis Carlo , López-de-Sá Esteban , Weiss Thomas W. , Waltenberger Johannes , Steffel Jan , de Groot Joris R. , Levy Pierre , Bakhai Ameet , Zierhut Wolfgang , Laeis Petra , Reimitz Paul-Egbert , Kirchhof Paulus
Published: December 2018

Aim

Edoxaban, a nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant, is an oral factor Xa inhibitor approved for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in adult patients with atrial fibrillation and for the treatment and secondary prevention in adult patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). This study details the design of the Edoxaban Treatment in routiNe clinical prActice for patients with Atrial Fibrillation in Europe (ETNA-AF-Europe) study – a postauthorization observational study, which is part of the postapproval plan for edoxaban agreed with the European Medicines Agency.

Methods

The ETNA-AF-Europe study (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02944019) is a multicenter, prospective, observational study that enrolled 13 980 patients with atrial fibrillation treated with edoxaban from 852 sites across 10 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). Patients treated with edoxaban were prospectively enrolled and will be followed up for 4 years with yearly follow-up visits.

Assessments

The primary objective of the ETNA-AF-Europe study is to assess the real-world safety of edoxaban by evaluating bleeding events, including intracranial hemorrhage; drug-related adverse events, such as hepatic events; and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. In addition, efficacy will be assessed by recording major adverse cardiovascular events including stroke, systemic embolic events, transient ischemic attacks, and also VTE episodes, acute coronary syndromes, and hospitalizations related to cardiovascular condition. Event rates will be compared with event rates reported in the PREvention oF thromboembolic events-European Registry in Atrial Fibrillation in atrial fibrillation (PREFER in AF) and PREFER in AF Prolongation registries, and in the Effective Anticoagulation with Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation – Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 48 study datasets.
Assessment and management of coronary artery disease in kidney and pancreas transplant candidates
Authors: Knapper Joseph T , Raval Zankhana , Harinstein Matthew E. , Friedewald John J. , Skaro Anton I. , Abecassis Michael I. , Ali Ziad A. , Gheorghiade Mihai , Flaherty James D.
Published: December 2018

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing evaluation for kidney and/or pancreas transplantation represent a population with unique cardiovascular (CV) profiles and unique therapeutic needs. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is common in patients with ESRD, mediated by both the overrepresentation and higher prognostic value of traditional CV risk factors amongst this population, as well as altered cardiovascular responses to failing renal function, likely mediated by dysregulation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) and abnormal calcium and phosphate metabolism. Within the ESRD population, obstructive CAD correlates highly with adverse coronary events, including during the peri-transplant period, and successful revascularization may attenuate some of that increased risk. Accordingly, peri-transplant coronary risk assessment is critical to ensuring optimal outcomes for these patients. The following provides a review of CAD in patients being evaluated for kidney and/or pancreas transplantation, as well as evidence-based recommendations for appropriate peri-transplant evaluation and management.
Persistence on apixaban in atrial fibrillation patients: a retrospective multicentre study
Authors: Verdecchia Paolo , D’Onofrio Antonio , Russo Vincenzo , Fedele Francesco , Adamo Francesco , Benedetti Giulia , Ferrante Fabio , Lodigiani Corrado , Paciullo Francesco , Aita Adolfo , Bartolini Claudia , Molini Maria Gabriella , Di Lenarda Andrea , Mazzone Carmine , Scotti Lorenza , Lanati Elena Paola , Iorio Arianna
Published: December 2018

Aims

Real-world data on treatment persistence, safety and effectiveness of non-Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) play an important role in the assessment of risks and benefits of these drugs. Our aim was to evaluate persistence on treatment, incidence of major bleeding and incidence of a composite endpoint of major events, including all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke and systemic thromboembolism, during treatment with apixaban in a cohort of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

Methods

In this multicentre retrospective observational study, we retrieved data from medical records of five Italian hospitals on patients with a diagnosis of NVAF who initiated apixaban between 1 January 2014 and 31 March 2016 and had a first subsequent visit at the same hospital.

Results

We studied 766 patients with mean age of 74.2 (standard deviation 11.1) years and median CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores of 2.0 and 4.0, respectively. Over a median follow-up period of 339 days, persistence on treatment was 83.5% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 75.5–89.1%]. The rate of major bleeding (per 100 person-years) was 1.15 (95% CI 0.39–1.90 per 100 person-years), while the cumulative incidence was 4.4% (95% CI 1.6–12.0). The rate of major events was 1.97 (95% CI 1.08–2.86) per 100 patient-years, with a cumulative incidence over the entire follow-up period of 7.7% (95% CI 4.6–12.8).

Conclusion

In real-life conditions, NVAF patients treated with apixaban show rates of treatment discontinuation and major bleedings, which are comparable to those found in the ARISTOTLE pivotal study, thus supporting its external validity.
Impact of troublesome expansive weed Rumex alpinus on species diversity of mountain pastures in Tatra National Park, Poland
Authors: Delimat Anna , Kiełtyk Piotr
Published: December 2018

Alpine dock (Rumex alpinus) is a native plant species in many European mountain ranges. It comes from moist brushwood and open tall herb communities, though it has invaded mountain pastures. This troublesome weed forms permanent monodominant stands characterised by low nature conservation and agricultural values. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies assessing the impact of R. alpinus on invaded communities. Therefore, in this study we examined the potential effect of an R. alpinus on species richness, diversity and the composition of invaded vegetation in Tatra National Park, Poland. Invaded plots dominated by R. alpinus had, compared to uninvaded control plots, significantly reduced species richness, as well as low Shannon and Simpson diversity and Pielou evenness indices’ values; the species richness decline in the pairs of invaded-uninvaded plots was as much as 37.7%. Analysing changes in diversity from an increase in R. alpinus coverage revealed that Shannon, Simpson and Pielou’s diversity indices’ values did not considerably change up to 30% of R. alpinus coverage, but a further increase in R. alpinus coverage led to a steep decline in diversity. There was exception in a number of species per plot, which decreased steadily along with the increase of R. alpinus coverage. Multivariate analysis indicated a significant shift in the composition of invaded plots in relation to uninvaded plots, resulting from the shared increase of more shadow-tolerant and higher soil base-, nutrient- and moist-demanding species.
H E R M E N E U T I K A Sebuah Teori Lama Mengenai Interpretasi Teks yang Tampak Baru
Authors: Purwito Purwito
Published: December 2018

Hermeneutics as an object of study is a means of understanding the ”actual” as old ashuman beings age on this earth. Hermeneutics is very important in the process of humaninteraction, so the study was conducted to study the hermeneutics in his position as a scienceof interpretation that can be studied in ontological, epistemological, and axiological. As ascience, hermeneutics emerged as a dominant movement in European Protestant theologywhich states that hermeneutics is a focal point of the current theological issues.Associated with his position as a science, the study was conducted to determinehermeneutics in the concept of etymology and terminology, knowing on historically with thefigures who pioneered the science of it, his position as a theory of interpretationmultidisciplinary, as well as the position and function as a historiographical approach throughphilological approach.Keywords: hermeneutics, the theory of interpretation, and text.
KRIYA TEKSTIL TIE-DYE (IKAT CELUP): SEBUAH MEDIA EKSPLORASI ESTETIS YANG POPULER
Authors: Widodo Suryo Tri
Published: December 2018

Tie-dye becomes the one of the most popular craft textile, which is known almost all over theworld including in Indonesia. Making motif on to the fabric using tie-dye techniques is very easy to belearned, beside there are many kind of simple technics on it. These techniques are very unique andcould be developed and explored without limited. The unpredictable effects of motifs sometimes mayappear and can be resulted from tie-dye techniques.In this article we will study about tie-dye in many aspect i.e. term of tie-dye, tradition andculture background of tie-dye, mainly showing about tie-dye techniques, and a few tie-dye products.This paper expected give the wide describing and inspiring about tie-dye in craft textile works or tiedyeas an expression of fine art.Keywords: tie-dye, resist-dye, textile motif, craft textile, aesthetic exploration
SUMBER SENI INDONESIA LAMA
Authors: Nizam Akhmad
Published: December 2018

Modern Art of Indonesian is rich of mozaik. The result from combination of estheticekspression of traditional and non traditional. Some element can be arrange in modern art is theevolution from prehistoric art that buried from the prest. The relation from traditional art andmodern art become symbiosis. Exactly modern art has been appropriate with some genre in art,infact in comtamprorary art. There any attraction with Etnic art as reminder about the presistant asancient tradition.In papper/article has been explorated about the ekspression of tradition art wich already givea beg influence, create, and also develop any responsibility about the evolution of art in Indonesianformany years. The traditional culture have much the glories of bronze age in southeast Asia. At thebegining a sign and symbol have been stated on a cave as art, a megalith statue, and any kind oftradition motive/theme for worship of anchestral spirits. Their cultural hesitge are delicate carvingsengraved on brame ritual tools, magic carvings on war shields and elaborate ceremonial symbol fromthe bronze artifact.Keyword : Last Art, Artifact.
PENGARUH KEBUDAYAAN ASING DALAM PEMBENTUKAN RAGAM HIAS PELAMINAN NAREH PARIAMAN
Authors: Rahmanita Nofi
Published: December 2018

The Handicraft of embroidery “palaminan” in Nareh Pariaman is an old culture productwhich is used for social purposes. As the time goes, now, the “palaminan” is not only used by the kingor noblesse. Right now, it has been used in mostly wedding parties of Minangkabau tradition. It isused as the seat of the bride groom and bride who are called king and queen for a day. Regarding thistheme, when we see the several various of palaminan, it looks like been influenced by the Chinese andHindi/Gujarat Custom. Such as phoenix 9(bird) and lion decorated at the “palaminan”, or for theGujarat custom, there are embroidery with mirrors that decorate the palaminan. The mirrorembroidered for the people of Nareh Pariaman has the meaning “suluah bendang” in the village.The art of embroidery palaminan Nareh Pariaman has many structures which are connectedto each other. They can not be separated in each use. The structures are decorated by the many kindsof Minangkabau decoration. Most of the decorating comes from application of the Minangkabau’sphilosophy known as “alam takambang Jadi Guru”. The philosophy has symbolic meaning thatcontains some lessons about managing humans life, especially for people of Nareh Pariaman. Keywords: beyond culture, motif, pelaminan
PERTALIAN TRADISI KERIS TANGGUH NGÉNTHA-ÉNTA YOGYAKARTA: Titik Awal dan Kebangkitan Historis
Authors: Supriaswoto Supriaswoto , Haryono Timbul
Published: December 2018

Kerris is stabbing weapon for the archipelago wich have a term of religious, values, magical,aesthetic, and mysterious, but also have a politic value, economy, sociology, and art that not timeless.It prove that kerris existence still exists and continuous to exists. The one that get tracked is TangguhNgentha-entha Kerris of Yagyakarta. Who masters that become the supportersand how TangguhNgentha-entha Kerris rise back and found their identifycan be listened to in the following text. Keyword : Kerris, Tangguh Ngentha-entha, empu, Entha Wayang.
KRIYA KERAMIK: WUJUD, POSISI, DAN PERANNYA DI MASA KINI
Authors: Satrio Akbar Adhi
Published: December 2018

This article act as a response for what is kriya especially ceramic craft in nowadays context. Publicusually knows about ceramic is limited to traditional terracotta product that they usually found in acraftsmen village or an industrial mass produce ceramic that they always use in their everyday life.Kriya (or craft in the western term) now has grew more not only limited in the scope of tradition oreven a mass product only. There are many new small independent studio emerge as a new perceptionthat combine the potential of both industrial and traditional have. The role of educational institutionsare producing graduates working in the field of ceramic craft has established a new perception onhow it should craft in contemporary ceramics put his position in the midst of globalization. Ultimatelyconcluded that the ceramic craft began to position himself to a wider sphere, not only as a center forcraftsmen but also intangible and handicraft industries based independent studio-based designermaker. Keywords : kriya, ceramic, culture, identity
AJARAN MORAL KERIS JAWA
Authors: Siswanto Nurhadi
Published: December 2018

Java is so exotic. Java is beautiful. Being a Javanese as well as being any ethnicity, isnot a curse but a gift from God. Cultural values and wisdom not just tales of the parents alone,but it is a fact. One thing that is quite interesting to examine the Javanese is the existence of anheirloom called "keris". Keris has a long background history for the Javanese community. Keris,in the past was made with full of philosophy, made with a hope, desire, or even an ideal of thebuyerso that the keris as a final product reflects and represents all things non-objects of thebuyer. in Javanese keris contains many values and moral teachings. The values implicit inJavanese keris, include : (1) the doctrine of religiousity and awareness of the limitations ofhuman power (2) subjects to be always humble an not arrogant (3) theaching to always live inharmoni with nature (4) the doctrine for living in harmony with fellow human, and (5) thedoctrine of dynamism in life. Keywords: Teachings , Keris , Java  Jawa itu sangat eksotis. Jawa itu indah. Menjadi Jawa serta menjadi etnis manapun, bukanlahkutukan tapi hadiah dari Tuhan. Nilai-nilai budaya dan kearifan bukan hanya cerita orang tuasaja, tapi itu adalah fakta. Satu hal yang cukup menarik untuk memeriksa orang Jawa adalahadanya pusaka yang disebut "keris". Keris memiliki latar belakang sejarah yang panjang bagimasyarakat Jawa. Keris, di masa lalu itu dibuat dengan penuh filsafat, dibuat dengan harapan,keinginan, atau bahkan ideal-pembeli sehingga keris sebagai produk akhir mencerminkan danmewakili semua hal-hal non- benda pembeli. dalam keris Jawa mengandung banyak nilai-nilaidan ajaran moral. Nilai-nilai yang tersirat dalam keris Jawa, meliputi: (1) doktrin religiusitas dankesadaran akan keterbatasan daya manusia (2) pelajaran untuk selalu rendah hati yang tidaksombong (3) theaching untuk selalu hidup dalam harmoni dengan alam (4) doktrin untuk hidupharmonis dengan sesama manusia, dan (5) ajaran tentang dinamika dalam kehidupan. Kata kunci: Ajaran, Keris, Jawa
FOSTERING LANGUAGE LEARNER AUTONOMY: INDONESIAN EFL LECTURERS VOICES
Authors: Darsih Endang
Published: December 2018

Studies reported that education in Indonesia has not been promoting learner autonomy as the main goal of the learning process. In fact, it could be one of the solutions to improve the quality of Indonesian students and a key goal for tertiary English learning. This explorative study was conducted to find out lecturer�s beliefs about learner autonomy and the activities done by the lecturers to foster learner autonomy. Seventeen lecturers from English Education Study Program were voluntarily investigated and interviewed. Questionnaires about Teachers' Beliefs about Learner Autonomy compiled by Borg and Al-Busaidi (2012) were also employed in this study. The study revealed that majority of students were assessed to be not autonomous yet and there were various efforts and activities done by the lecturers to improve learner autonomy, such as providing a project based assignment, recommending a specific web and English mobile applications to assist their learning, keep motivating the students, fostering reading habit, involving students to select materials, and applying various teaching methodology.Keywords: learner autonomy; teacher�s beliefs; fostering learner autonomy; EFL; tertiary education.
SOLVING THE STUDENTS� PROBLEMS IN WRITING ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY THROUGH COLLABORATIVE WRITING STRATEGY
Authors: Abbas M. Fadhly Farhy , Herdi Herdi
Published: December 2018

This research is based on the students� problems in writing argumentative essay, especially in developing and organizing ideas, using good grammar and diction, and applying correct writing mechanics, such as the use of capital letter, spelling, and punctuation. The purpose of this research is to solve the students� problems in writing argumentative essay through collaborative writing strategy. The design employed in this research was classroom action research. The participants involved in this research were 23 students of English Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Lancang Kuning Pekanbaru, Indonesia. The instruments used in this research were writing test, field note, observation checklist, and interview. Based on the result of the test, the students� score had reached the criteria of success set, and it was significantly improved from the result before the research conducted. The mean score of the mid-term test was 54.9, and the mean score of the cycle test was 74.3. In addition, based on the data gained from the field note, observation checklist, and interview, it was found that the students were active, creative, and enjoy the learning process. In conclusion, the use of collaborative writing strategy can solve the students� problems in writing argumentative essay as well.Keywords: writing skill; writing aspects; argumentative essay; collaborative writing strategy; �classroom action research.
TEACHING PRACTICUM: INVESTIGATING EFL PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS� SELF-EFFICACY
Authors: Megawati Fika , Astutik Yuli
Published: December 2018

Self-efficacy is influential in determining someone's future competence. Identifying self-efficacy towards pre-service teachers provides significant information about how competent they are in applying theoretical concepts of teaching in the real school. It also becomes reflection for the institution on the quality of courses related to TEFL carried out in the implemented curriculum. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate pre-service EFL teachers' self-efficacy during the teaching practicum. This is a qualitative study involving 27 EFL teacher candidates who conducted teaching performance in some different schools. To collect the data, online Likert scale questionnaire was disseminated to the informants. The responses were interpreted through percentage and analyzed descriptively. The results indicated that generally the pre-service teachers' self-efficacy in terms of teaching skill, constructing and applying lesson plan, assessment, and classroom management, was quite high although some of them seemed to find difficulties in carrying out some classroom activities with the students. Self-efficacy analysis towards EFL learners� practicum gives implication to any institutional parties for preparing the better quality and program of future generation teachers.Keywords: competent; teacher candidate; self-efficacy; reflection.
CRITERIA USED BY PROFICIENT VS. LESS PROFICIENT EFL TEACHERS IN PRAGMATIC ASSESSMENT: THE CASE OF REQUEST SPEECH ACT
Authors: Hosseini Misagh , Rezvani Ehsan
Published: December 2018

Abstract: The issue of EFL teachers� rating criteria and patterns in Interlanguage pragmatics (ILP) assessment is new and needs rigorous analysis. The purpose of this study was to reveal important variables such as raters� criteria and rating patterns by analyzing the ILP assessment process of Iranian non-native English speaking raters (NNESRs) of both high and low proficiency levels based on the request speech act. The data for this study was collected through a discourse completion test (DCT) and a rating questionnaire from 40 Iranian EFL teachers and were later analyzed through descriptive analysis-test and chi-squares. The results showed that raters considered 9 criteria, including pragma-linguistic and socio-pragmatic components of language which raters noted differently through eight request situations. The results showed that raters considered nine criteria, including pragma linguistic and socio-pragmatic components of language which were noted differently through eight request situations. Among the considered criteria, the highest frequencies belonged to the criteria of authenticity, query of preparatory and softness, and interlocutors� relationship used by high proficiency teachers, whereas low proficiency teachers used the highest frequencies of accuracy, style, and directness. The result of the study can have important connotations for teachers to consider teaching L2 pragmatics in language classes and in teacher training courses.Keywords: Interlanguage pragmatics; request; speech act; pragmatic assessment.
Improvement of numerical approximation of coupled multiphase multicomponent flow with reactive geochemical transport in porous media
Authors: Ahusborde Etienne , Amaziane Brahim , El Ossmani Mustapha
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we consider a parallel finite volume algorithm for modeling complex processes in porous media that include multiphase flow and geochemical interactions. Coupled flow and reactive transport phenomena often occur in a wide range of subsurface systems such as hydrocarbon reservoir production, groundwater management, carbon dioxide sequestration, nuclear waste repository or geothermal energy production. This work aims to develop and implement a parallel code coupling approach for non-isothermal multiphase multicomponent flow and reactive transport simulation in the framework of the parallel open-source platform DuMuX. Modeling such problems leads to a highly nonlinear coupled system of degenerate partial differential equations to algebraic or ordinary differential equations requiring special numerical treatment. We propose a sequential fully implicit scheme solving firstly a multiphase compositional flow problem and then a Direct Substitution Approach (DSA) is used to solve the reactive transport problem. Both subsystems are discretized by a fully implicit cell-centred finite volume scheme and then an efficient sequential coupling has been implemented in DuMuX. We focus on the stability and robustness of the coupling process and the numerical benefits of the DSA approach. Parallelization is carried out using the DUNE parallel library package based on MPI providing high parallel efficiency and allowing simulations with several tens of millions of degrees of freedom to be carried out, ideal for large-scale field applications involving multicomponent chemistry. As we deal with complex codes, we have tested and demonstrated the correctness of the implemented software by benchmarking, including the MoMaS reactive transport benchmark, and comparison to existing simulations in the literature. The accuracy and effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through 2D and 3D numerical simulations. Parallel scalability is investigated for 3D simulations with different grid resolutions. Numerical results for long-term fate of injected CO2for geological storage are presented. The numerical results have demonstrated that this approach yields physically realistic flow fields in highly heterogeneous media and showed that this approach performs significantly better than the Sequential Iterative Approach (SIA).
Fetal and organ development at gestational days 45, 90, 135 and at birth of lambs exposed to under- or over-nutrition during gestation1,2,3
Authors: Pillai S. M. , Jones A. K. , Hoffman M. L. , McFadden K. K. , Reed S. A. , Zinn S. A. , Govoni K. E.
Published: December 2018

To determine the effects of poor maternal nutrition on offspring body and organ growth during gestation, pregnant Western White-faced ewes (n = 82) were randomly assigned into a 3 × 4 factorial treatment structure at d 30.2 ± 0.2 of gestation (n = 5 to 7 ewes per treatment). Ewes were individually fed 100% (control), 60% (restricted) or 140% (over) of NRC requirements for TDN. Ewes were euthanized at d 45, 90 or 135 of gestation or underwent parturition (birth) and tissues were collected from the offspring (n = 10 to 15 offspring per treatment). Offspring from control, restricted and overfed ewes are referred to as CON, RES and OVER, respectively. Ewe data were analyzed as a completely randomized design and offspring data were analyzed as a split-plot design using PROC MIXED. Ewe BW did not differ at d 30 (P ≥ 0.43), however restricted ewes weighed less than overfed and overfed were heavier than controls at d 45, and restricted weighed less and overfed were heavier than controls at d 90 and 135 and birth (P ≤ 0.05). Ewe BCS was similar at d 30, 45 and 90 (P ≤ 0.07), however restricted ewes scored lower than control at d 135 and birth (P ≤ 0.05) and over ewes scored higher than control at d 135 (P ≤ 0.05) but not at birth (P = 0.06). A maternal diet by day of gestation interaction indicated that at birth the body weight (BW) of RES offspring was less than CON and OVER (P ≤ 0.04) and heart girth of RES was smaller than CON and OVER (P ≤ 0.004). There was no interaction of maternal diet and day of gestation on crown-rump, fetal, or nose occipital length, or orbit or umbilical diam. (P ≥ 0.31). A main effect of maternal diet indicated that the RES crown-rump length was shorter than CON and OVER (P ≤ 0.05). An interaction was observed for liver, kidney and renal fat (P ≤ 0.02). At d 45 the liver of RES offspring was larger than CON and OVER (P ≤ 0.002), but no differences observed at d 90, 135 or birth (P ≥ 0.07). At d 45, the kidneys of OVER offspring were larger than CON and RES (P ≤ 0.04), but no differences observed at d 90, 135 or birth (P ≥ 0.60). At d 135, OVER had more perirenal fat than CON and RES (P ≤ 0.03), and at birth RES had more perirenal fat than CON and OVER (P ≤ 0.04). There was no interaction observed for offspring heart weight, length or width, kidney length, adrenal gland weight, loin eye area or rib width (P ≥ 0.09). In conclusion, poor maternal nutrition differentially alters offspring body size and organ growth depending on the stage of gestation.
A summary review of carcass cutability data comparing primal value of immunologically and physically castrated barrows
Authors: Harsh B. N. , Cowles B. , Johnson R. C. , Pollmann D. S. , Schroeder A. L. , Dilger A. C. , Boler D. D.
Published: December 2018

The objectives were to 1) assess cutability, quality, and value of carcasses from immunologically castrated (IC) barrows compared with carcasses from physically castrated (PC) barrows and 2) evaluate the effect of hot carcass weight (HCW) on cutability and value of IC barrows summarizing U.S. data. Lean cutting yield (LCY) was defined as: LCY = [(whole ham + trimmed loin + Boston butt + picnic + spareribs)/chilled side wt] x 100. Carcass cutting yield (CCY) was determined using the following equation: CCY = [(lean cutting yield components + natural fall belly)/chilled side wt] x 100. To evaluate the effects of HCW of IC barrows on carcass cutting yields, IC barrows were grouped by HCW: light ( < 90.9 kg), average (90.9–97.7 kg), or heavy ( > 97.7 kg). Differences in the value of the carcass components for IC and PC barrow carcasses were calculated using a 5 yr average of meat prices from the USDA Agriculture Marketing Service and the carcass cutting yield estimates generated from this summary. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with fixed effects of Improvest treatment or HCW group. Study was included as a random effect. This review allowed for a summarization of the treatment averages of 851 IC and PC barrow carcasses. Lean cutting yield of IC barrows was 1.41 units greater (P < 0.0001) than PC barrows (70.97 vs. 69.56%). Similarly, CCY of IC barrows was 1.29 units greater (P < 0.001) compared with PC barrows (87.27 vs. 85.98%). As HCW of IC barrows increased, both CCY and LCY declined (P < 0.01), with light IC barrow carcasses having a 1.43 unit advantage in CCY compared with heavy IC barrow carcasses (P < 0.01). Natural fall bellies of PC barrows comprised a greater (P < 0.05) percentage of side weight than those from IC barrows (15.81 vs. 15.50%). A reduction in belly primal value was confirmed by a 3.43 unit reduction in the commercial bacon slicing yields of IC barrows. However, belly yield and slicing yield differences were minimized when IC barrows were marketed at a heavier weight. Using carcass cutout estimates determined in the summary as the foundation for value calculations, lean cuts of IC barrow carcasses were worth $2.66 to $3.80 more than PC barrow carcasses. Therefore, after adjustment for the reduction in belly primal value, the primal value of an IC barrow carcass was $2.08 to $3.13 greater than a PC barrow carcass.
Effects of exogenous phytase supplementation on phosphorus metabolism and digestibility of beef cattle
Authors: Long C. J. , Kondratovich L. B. , Westphalen M. F. , Stein H. H. , Felix T. L.
Published: December 2018

Objectives were to determine interactions between phytase inclusion and dietary P concentration on P utilization by beef cattle fed a starch-based diet. Six ruminally-fistulated steers (BW = 750 ± 61 kg) were allotted to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors included phytase inclusion, at 0, 500, or 2,000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of diet DM, and dietary P concentrations, at 0.10% and 0.30% of total diet DM. Feed ingredients, fecal samples, and orts were composited within period, lyophilized and ground. Samples were analyzed for NDF, ADF, CP, fat, ash, total P, and other minerals. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with animal as the experimental unit. The CORR procedure was used to compare blood and urinary P concentrations. There were no treatment interactions (P ≥ 0.30) for any parameter measured. There were no main effects (P ≥ 0.45) of phytase inclusion on DMI, total fecal output, apparent DM digestibility, water intake, or urinary output. Steers fed 0.10% P had decreased (P < 0.01) DMI and total fecal output, but increased (P < 0.01) apparent DM digestibility compared with steers fed 0.30% P. Although N intake and retention were not affected by treatment, steers fed the 0.10% P diet tended (P = 0.10) to absorb more N compared with steers fed 0.30% P; and, steers fed the 0.10% P diets excreted more N in the urine (P = 0.02) and less N in the feces (P < 0.01) compared with steers fed the 0.30% P diets. Steers fed the 0.10% P diets also consumed 70.1% less (P < 0.01) total P each day, and excreted 51.9% less (P < 0.01) P in feces and 94.6% less P in the urine (P < 0.01) compared with steers fed 0.30% P. Excretion of water-soluble P in the feces was greater (P < 0.01) on a g/d basis for steers fed 0.30% P when compared with steers fed 0.10% P. However, the proportion of total fecal P excreted as water-soluble P increased (P < 0.05) by 23.0% in steers fed 0.10% P compared with steers fed 0.30% P, regardless of phytase inclusion level. There was no effect of dietary phytase concentration on blood or urinary (P ≥ 0.27) P concentrations. Blood P concentration was positively correlated (r = 0.60; P < 0.01) to urinary P concentration when steers were fed 0.10% P; however, when steers were fed 0.30% P, there was no correlation (r = 0.36; P = 0.16) between blood and urine P. Regardless of dietary P concentration, phytase supplementation did not increase calculated P absorption or retention.
Response to a Salmonella Typhimurium challenge in piglets supplemented with protected sodium butyrate or Bacillus licheniformis: effects on performance, intestinal health and behavior1,2
Authors: Barba-Vidal E. , Roll V. F. B. , Castillejos L. , Guerra-Ordaz A. A. , Manteca X. , Mallo J. J. , Martín-Orúe S. M.
Published: December 2018

Salmonella spp. is one of the worldwide leading causes of food-borne illnesses for which the inclusion of probiotics or organic acids in animal feeds can be useful control methods. Experimental models are utilized to test the efficacy of strategies against pathogens, but they exhibit limitations which may preclude finding sensible evaluation parameters. The objective of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of 2 different feed additives; a Bacillus licheniformis based probiotic and a protected sodium butyrate (SB) salt, using an experimental model of salmonellosis and, second, to explore if behavior analysis can be used as a sensible evaluation tool for additives evaluation. A total of 78 piglets weaned at 24 d, 8.3 kg BW, were used. Seventy-two were placed in 3 rooms of 8 pens (3 animals/pen) with evenly distributed treatments (n = 8): CON, control group with plain diet; PRO, plain diet with 1 kg/t of Proporc (109 cfu of B. licheniformis/kg of feed), and BUT, plain diet with 3 kg/t of Gustor BP70 (2.1 g of partially protected SB salt/kg of feed). Remaining piglets (n = 6) were separated and used as a challenge negative control. The experiment lasted 16 d. After 1 wk of adaptation, animals were challenged with 5 × 108 cfu of Salmonella Typhimurium. One pig per pen was euthanized and sampled at d 4 and 8 post-inoculation (PI). There were no significant differences among treatments for ADFI, ADG, G:F, rectal temperature, fecal consistency, pH, ammonia, short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid concentrations, cytokine TNF-α, Pig-MAP acute-phase proteins and histological parameters. However, both products were equally able to reduce colonization and shedding of Salmonella (P = 0.016 for PRO and BUT vs. CON). In addition, PRO treatment had a positive effect on behavioral displays, particularly exploring (P < 0.05 vs. CON), feeding (P < 0.05 vs. CON and BUT) and other active behaviors (P < 0.05 vs. CON and BUT) in the morning period (0830 to 1030 h). In the afternoon (1400 to 1600 h), the challenge effect was most significant. Pigs were less active after the challenge (P < 0.001), with a decrease in positive contacts (P = 0.004), exploration (P < 0.001) and feeding behaviors (P < 0.001) on d 3 PI, in comparison with before the challenge. Accordingly, many lying conducts increased at d 3 PI (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both treatments had positive effects against Salmonella, and behavior analysis appears to be a sensible tool to be considered.
Use of a novel oleaginous microorganism as a potential source of lipids for weanling pigs1,2
Authors: Carroll J. A. , Schmidt T. B. , Callaway T. R. , Wilson J. G. , Donaldson J. R.
Published: December 2018

Weanling pigs are at risk of succumbing to illness due to an immature immune system and insufficient supply of available energy at the time of weaning. This study was aimed at determining whether oleaginous bacteria could serve as a source of lipids to weanling pigs. Weanling pigs were provided a daily dose of 1×109 colony fomring unit (CFU) = kg−1 of the novel oleaginous Enterobacter cloacae strain JD6301 or JD8715 (which is a variant form of JD6301 capable of producing extracellular triglycerides) via oral gavage for 5 d. Serum was collected every 6 h and intestinal samples were collected at 6 d. Providing pigs with JD6301 or JD8715 significantly increased serum concentrations of triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) within 72 h. Additionally, the JD6301 and JD8715 strains were able to survive within the gastrointestinal tract throughout the duration of the study. These results suggest that providing Enterobacter cloacae can increase the serum lipids in the pigs, thus potentially providing an additional source of energy to animals during times of stress. This could potentially help improve the metabolic response of animals during times of stress.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of tenderness metrics in control groups used in comparative nutrition experiments1,2
Authors: Powell M. J. , Yuan C. , Dzikamunhenga R. S. , Tarté R. , Huff-Lonergan E. , Lonergan S. M. , O'Connor A. M.
Published: December 2018

This review reports the pork quality attributes, Warner-Bratzler Shear Force, Slice Shear Force, Star Probe, pH, marbling, color (Minolta L*/L or Hunter L*/L), and sensory tenderness evaluation, in control groups used in comparative nutrition experiments over the past 20 yr. The original aim of this study was to evaluate if changes in pork quality based on the above metrics occurred over time. To address this question, it was anticipated that data may come from 3 sources with decreasing relevance: representative retail pork surveys, representative post-harvest carcass surveys, and control groups from comparative nutrition experiments. To identify the study population, a review of studies reported in Centre for Agricultural Biosciences International Abstracts (Web of Knowledge; 1994–2014) was conducted. Two national level surveys of retail pork and 146 relevant nutritional experiments studies, with 228 control groups, were identified by the search. It was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis of the retail pork surveys based on only 2 time points. For the comparative studies, a random effects meta-analysis was conducted with year as a covariate to assess the impact of time on the outcome. In the absence of modifiers, there was no evidence of meaningful change in the mean Warner-Bratzler Shear Force, pH, color, marbling, or sensory scores over the study period. There was evidence of substantial between-study heterogeneity in the characteristics of control pigs used over the years for Warner-Bratzler Shear Force and measures of color. The absence of publicly-available representative surveys of pork quality meant the changes in pork quality over time were not clear. If changes in pork quality have occurred, the data suggest that pigs used as controls in experiments may have become less representative of commercial pigs over time and the translatability of study findings from nutrition experiments might be reduced over time. Alternately, if commercial pigs have not changed, then control pigs reflect this. The study does not address if control groups in other experimental intervention studies had similar tenderness patterns as reported here for nutritional interventions. A large amount of potentially available data was excluded from the analysis due to incomplete reporting in the original study reports.