bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gute psychopädiatrische Pflege zu Hause – was ist das?
Authors: Wenger Lanz Brigitte , Elmer Franz , Hahn Sabine
Published: May 2023

Die Nachfrage nach professioneller psychopädiatrischer Pflege von Kindern und Jugendlichen im häuslichen Setting hat in den vergangenen Jahren stark zugenommen. Doch wie steht es um die Qualität der geleisteten Pflege? Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, was unter guter psychopädiatrischer Pflege zu Hause verstanden wird. Es werden die Perspektiven betroffener Jugendlicher, Eltern und Fachpersonen beleuchtet.
Age-Specific Nomograms for Antral Follicle Count in Fertile and Infertile Indian Women: A Comparative Study
Authors: Jain Shivi , Shukla Ram Chandra , Jain Madhu , Mishra Rabindra Nath
Published: May 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to develop age-specific nomograms for antral follicle count (AFC) in fertile and infertile Indian women and (2) to compare the influence of age on AFC in both groups.

Setting and Design It is a prospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary-care hospital in north-central India.

Methods and Material One-thousand four-hundred seventy-eight fertile and 1,447 infertile women (primary infertility) of reproductive age (18–49 years) were recruited. One-thousand one-hundred eighty-one fertile and 1,083 infertile women fulfilled the selection criteria for the study. Transvaginal ultrasonography was done on the second or third day of the menstrual cycle.

Statistical Analysis Age-specific nomograms for AFC were built for the 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 97th percentiles in both groups. Correlation and regression analysis was done to estimate the relationship between the study variables. Statistical analysis was done by using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 20.

Results At every age, each percentile value of AFC was lower in infertile than in fertile women. The decline of AFC with increasing age was linear in both fertile (r = − 0.431, p < 0.001) and infertile (r = − 0.520, p < 0.001) women; however, the rate was higher in the latter (0.50 follicle/year) than in former (0.44 follicle/year) group. The variation in AFC explained by age was 16.3% in fertile and 22.7% in infertile women.

Conclusion AFC decreased linearly with advancing age in both fertile and infertile women, but more rapidly in the latter. The age only modestly explained the decline of AFC. The age-specific percentile thresholds for AFC should be used instead of age-independent constant thresholds in infertility counselling.
Mixed Methods Research in Global Development Studies: State-Sponsored Resettlement Schemes in Ethiopia
Authors: Wayessa Gutu O. , Nygren Anja
Published: May 2023

This article contributes to mixed-methods research in global development studies. It draws on empirical study of changes in access to livelihood resources ensuing from state-sponsored resettlement schemes in Oromia, Ethiopia. The analysis demonstrates that explaining and understanding processes and outcomes of development interventions can be expanded and deepened by the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative analysis uncovers the magnitude of changes, whereas qualitative analysis reveals political power relations and contextual meanings of the changes as experienced by affected people. The study shows that mixed-methods approach enables addressing the statistical and substantive significance of the variables in question and the diversity of meanings and experiences associated with development interventions. This strengthens the analytical power of research, providing opportunities to enhance evidence-based comprehension of generic patterns and specific conditions and outcomes of development interventions in diversified situations of the global South.
Moderate semantic minimalism: an eclectic approach to trichotomy of meaning
Authors: Rahman Abduwali , Xu Wanzhi
Published: May 2023

In linguistic communication, the speaker’s utterance simultaneously generates several levels of meaning related to Grice’s distinction between what is said and what is implicated. Yet, there is a lively debate about the two notions. This study gives a general overview of three schools: Semantic Minimalism, Radical Contextualism, and Moderate Contextualism. After surveying the current controversies in these theories, it introduces a new direction: Moderate Semantic Minimalism. This eclectic approach isolates the propositional meaning as what is asserted, something intermediate between the literal level of what is said and the intentional level of what is implicated. It tends to take the minimal notion of what is said to be relatively context-independent and does not have to be a truth-evaluable proposition.
Thermal unfolding methods in drug discovery
Authors: Llowarch Poppy , Usselmann Laura , Ivanov Delyan , Holdgate Geoffrey A.
Published: May 2023

Thermal unfolding methods, applied in both isolated protein and cell-based settings, are increasingly used to identify and characterize hits during early drug discovery. Technical developments over recent years have facilitated their application in high-throughput approaches, and they now are used more frequently for primary screening. Widespread access to instrumentation and automation, the ability to miniaturize, as well as the capability and capacity to generate the appropriate scale and quality of protein and cell reagents have all played a part in these advances. As the nature of drug targets and approaches to their modulation have evolved, these methods have broadened our ability to provide useful chemical start points. Target proteins without catalytic function, or those that may be difficult to express and purify, are amenable to these methods. Here, we provide a review of the applications of thermal unfolding methods applied in hit finding during early drug discovery.
Projecting the future: modelling Australian dialysis prevalence 2021–30
Authors: Keuskamp Dominic , Davies Christopher E. , Irish Georgina L. , Jesudason Shilpanjali , McDonald Stephen P.
Published: May 2023

Objectives To project the prevalence of people receiving dialysis in Australia for 2021–30 to inform service planning and health policy. Methods Estimates were based on data from 2011 to 2020 from the Australia & New Zealand Dialysis & Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry and the Australian Bureau of Statistics. We projected dialysis and functioning kidney transplant recipient populations for the years 2021–30. Discrete-time, non-homogenous Markov models were built on probabilities for transition between three mutually exclusive states (Dialysis, Functioning Transplant, Death), for five age groups. Two scenarios were employed – stable transplant rate vs a continued increase – to assess the impact of these scenarios on the projected prevalences. Results Models projected a 22.5–30.4% growth in the dialysis population from 14 554 in 2020 to 17 829 (‘transplant growth’) – 18 973 (‘transplant stable’) by 2030. An additional 4983–6484 kidney transplant recipients were also projected by 2030. Dialysis incidence per population increased and dialysis prevalence growth exceeded population ageing in 40–59 and 60–69 year age groups. The greatest dialysis prevalence growth was seen among those aged ≥70 years. Conclusion Modelling of the future prevalence of dialysis use highlights the increasing demand on services expected overall and especially by people aged ≥70 years. Appropriate funding and healthcare planning must meet this demand.
The effects of Alnus viridis encroachment in mountain pastures on the growth performance, carcass and meat quality of Dexter cattle and Engadine sheep
Authors: Zehnder T. , Schneider M. K. , Lüscher A. , Giller K. , Silacci P. , Messadène-Chelali J. , Berard J. , Kreuzer M.
Published: May 2023

Context Climate and economic changes promote the encroachment of woody plants on marginal mountain pastures. In the Alps, the main woody invader is the nitrogen-fixing shrub Alnus viridis (green alder). Robust breeds of different ruminant species may perform well on these shrub-encroached pastures. Aims To assess the effects of A. viridis encroachment levels of mountain pastures on the growth performance and carcass and meat characteristics of cattle and sheep. Methods For 8–9 weeks, 22 15-month-old growing Dexter cattle and 20 7-month-old weaned Engadine sheep were grazed rotationally on pastures in a subalpine zone with four different levels of A. viridis encroachment (average: 0.8%, 28.7%, 50.3% and 67.8%). Following slaughter, the assessed carcass and meat characteristics (longissimus thoracis and biceps femoris) included physicochemical meat quality, muscle fibre typing, fatty acid profiling (intramuscular and perirenal fat) and the sensory properties of patties. Key results The shrub encroachment levels had only minor effects on the animals. Interactions with the animal species influenced some sensory and fatty acid characteristics. The average daily gains were 201 g in the Dexter cattle and 104 g in the Engadine sheep. Both species achieved satisfactory carcass and meat quality and favourably low n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratios (0.63 and 0.68 in the intramuscular fat of the cattle and sheep, respectively). The meat from the Dexter cattle had a slightly higher cooking loss and shear force and a slightly lower proportion of fatty acids relevant to human health. Flavour appreciation was in favour of the burgers prepared from the beef. Conclusions Both robust breeds were suitable for producing meat on extensive pastures with A. viridis encroachment of up to 70%. Based on indirect evidence, it seems that neither species consumed significant quantities of leaves or bark from the trees. Implications Our study provides detailed information on rare robust breeds of two animal species in the context of meat production according to customer preferences. To better explain the differences between the two animal species, particularly in terms of fatty acid profiles, the role of the A. viridis understory needs to be clarified.
“I don’t care about the physical appearance in a job”
Authors: Martin-Rubió Xavier , Diert-Boté Irati
Published: May 2023

English-medium instruction (EMI) settings can be particularly challenging for lecturers since they must teach disciplinary content through a foreign language. This paper centers on an episode that reflects the demanding nature of EMI classrooms: a student objects to a part of the task instructions provided by the lecturer. Therefore, the objective of this study is first, to investigate the strategies used by an EMI lecturer in managing a challenging episode; and second, to identify the contextual factors that potentially impacted the lecturer’s pedagogical and interactional decisions in this situation. The episode is analyzed using multimodal analysis (Norris, 2004) and ethnographic knowledge from an interview with the lecturer. Findings reveal some degree of struggle in managing the situation adeptly, and suggest that unclearly delivered instructions, a resistance to delving into the underlying reason behind the conflict, an English-only policy, and a degree of language insecurity (and perhaps even lack of proficiency) appear to have played a relevant role in how the episode unfolded and was approached by the lecturer.
Object based Bayesian full-waveform inversion for shear elastography
Authors: Carpio Ana , Cebrián Elena , Gutiérrez Andrea
Published: May 2023

We develop a computational framework to quantify uncertainty in shear elastography imaging of anomalies in tissues. We adopt a Bayesian inference formulation. Given the observed data, a forward model and their uncertainties, we find the posterior probability of parameter fields representing the geometry of the anomalies and their shear moduli. To construct a prior probability, we exploit the topological energies of associated objective functions. We demonstrate the approach on synthetic two dimensional tests with smooth and irregular shapes. Sampling the posterior distribution by Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques we obtain statistical information on the shear moduli and the geometrical properties of the anomalies. General affine-invariant ensemble MCMC samplers are adequate for shapes characterized by parameter sets of low to moderate dimension. However, MCMC methods are computationally expensive. For simple shapes, we devise a fast optimization scheme to calculate the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate representing the most likely parameter values. Then, we approximate the posterior distribution by a Gaussian distribution found by linearization about the MAP point to capture the main mode at a low computational cost.
Circular current in a one-dimensional Hubbard quasi-periodic Su–Schrieffer–Heeger ring
Authors: Roy Souvik , Maiti Santanu K
Published: May 2023

In this work, we investigate the behavior of interacting electrons in a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger quantum ring, threaded by an Aharonov–Bohm (AB) flux φ, within a tight-binding framework. The site energies of the ring follow the Aubry-Andre-Harper (AAH) pattern, and, depending on the specific arrangement of neighboring site energies two different configurations, namely, non-staggered and staggered, are taken into account. The electron–electron (e–e) interaction is incorporated through the well-known Hubbard form and the results are computed within the mean-field (MF) approximation. Due to AB flux φ, a non-decaying charge current is established in the ring, and its characteristics are critically studied in terms of the Hubbard interaction, AAH modulation, and hopping dimerization. Several unusual phenomena are observed under different input conditions, that might be useful to analyze the properties of interacting electrons in similar kinds of other fascinating quasi-crystals in the presence of additional correlation in hopping integrals. A comparison between exact and MF results is given, for the sake of completeness of our analysis.
Decay of correlations for critically intermittent systems
Authors: Kalle Charlene , Zeegers Benthen
Published: May 2023

For a family of random intermittent dynamical systems with a superattracting fixed point we prove that a phase transition occurs for the existence of an absolutely continuous invariant probability measure depending on the randomness parameters and the orders of the maps at the superattracting fixed point. In case the systems have an absolutely continuous invariant probability measure, we show that the systems are mixing and that correlations decay polynomially even though some of the deterministic maps present in the system have exponential decay of correlations. This contrasts other known results, where a system maintains exponential decay of correlations under stochastic perturbations of a deterministic map with exponential rate of mixing, see e.g. Baladi and Viana (1996 Ann. Sci. l’Ecole Norm. Sup.
29 483–517).
Statistical description of galaxy clusters in Finzi model of gravity
Authors: Khanday Abdul W , Upadhyay Sudhaker , Iqbal Naseer , Ganai Prince A
Published: May 2023

We exploit a new theory of gravity proposed by Finzi, which gives stronger interaction at large scales, to study the thermodynamic description of galaxy clusters. We employ a statistical model to deduce various thermodynamics equations of state. In addition, we analyze the behavior of clustering parameter in comparison to its standard (Newtonian) counterpart. The general distribution function and its behavior with varying strength of clustering parameter are also studied. The possibility of phase transition is investigated and it is observed that a phase transition is possible though hierarchically. We also analyze the model by comparing the results with data available through SDSS-III, and obtain the parameters involved.
Algorithm for evaluating distance-based entanglement measures
Authors: Hu Yixuan , Liu Ye-Chao , Shang Jiangwei
Published: May 2023

Quantifying entanglement in quantum systems is an important yet challenging task due to its NP-hard nature. In this work, we propose an efficient algorithm for evaluating distance-based entanglement measures. Our approach builds on Gilbert's algorithm for convex optimization, providing a reliable upper bound on the entanglement of a given arbitrary state. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm by applying it to various examples, such as calculating the squared Bures metric of entanglement as well as the relative entropy of entanglement for GHZ states, W states, Horodecki states, and chessboard states. These results demonstrate that our algorithm is a versatile and accurate tool that can quickly provide reliable upper bounds for entanglement measures.
Milli-Joule pulses post-compressed from 14 ps to 475 fs in bulk-material multi-pass cell based on cylindrical vector beam
Authors: Zhang 张 Xu 旭 , Wang 王 Zhaohua 兆华 , Wang 王 Xianzhi 羡之 , Li 李 Jiawen 佳文 , Li 李 Jiajun 佳俊 , Zhao 赵 Guodong 国栋 , Wei 魏 Zhiyi 志义
Published: May 2023

A cylindrical vector beam is utilized to enhance the energy scale of the pulse post-compressed in a bulk-material Herriott multi-pass cell (MPC). The method proposed here enables, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, pulse compression from 14 ps down to 475 fs with throughput energy beyond 1 mJ, corresponding to a compression ratio of 30, which is the highest pulse energy and compression ratio in single-stage bulk-material MPCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the characteristic of the vector polarization beam is preserved in the MPC.
Volatile threshold switching memristor: An emerging enabler in the AIoT era
Authors: Zuo Wenbin , Zhu Qihang , Fu Yuyang , Zhang Yu , Wan Tianqing , Li Yi , Xu Ming , Miao Xiangshui
Published: May 2023

With rapid advancement and deep integration of artificial intelligence and the internet-of-things, artificial intelligence of things has emerged as a promising technology changing people’s daily life. Massive growth of data generated from the devices challenges the AIoT systems from information collection, storage, processing and communication. In the review, we introduce volatile threshold switching memristors, which can be roughly classified into three types: metallic conductive filament-based TS devices, amorphous chalcogenide-based ovonic threshold switching devices, and metal-insulator transition based TS devices. They play important roles in high-density storage, energy efficient computing and hardware security for AIoT systems. Firstly, a brief introduction is exhibited to describe the categories (materials and characteristics) of volatile TS devices. And then, switching mechanisms of the three types of TS devices are discussed and systematically summarized. After that, attention is focused on the applications in 3D cross-point memory technology with high storage-density, efficient neuromorphic computing, hardware security (true random number generators and physical unclonable functions), and others (steep subthreshold slope transistor, logic devices, etc.). Finally, the major challenges and future outlook of volatile threshold switching memristors are presented.
Machine Learning Algorithm for Trend Analysis in Short term Forecasting of COVID-19 using Lung X-ray Images
Authors: Sujatha K , Bhavani N.P.G. , Kirubakaran D. , Janaki N. , George G.Victo Sudha , Cao Su-Qun , Kalaivani A.
Published: May 2023

With the development of medical technology, the diagnosis of lung diseases relies more on the determination of medical images. With increasingly huge data, a powerful data processing model is urgently needed to provide favorable support for this field. The goal of this study is to develop a computer-assisted method to identify COVID-19 from X-ray pictures of the lungs at the very beginning of the disease. The architecture is implemented as a software system on a computer that can assist in the affordable and accurate early identification of cardiac illness. The performance of CNN architecture is best among all other classification algorithms to detect COVID-9 from Lung X-ray images. The datasets consist of COVID-19 established cases for 4 weeks which included the X-ray images of the chest. Then the distribution of the data was examined according to the statistical distribution. For this prediction, time series models are used for forecasting the pandemic situation. The performances of the methods were compared according to the MSE metric and it was seen that the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) achieved the optimal trend pattern.
Lung Image Classification Based On Long-Short Term Memory recurrent neural network
Authors: Shaker Ahmed Maher , Xiong Shengwu
Published: May 2023

Due to various factors such as complicated lung imaging and rapidly growing amount of data, the task for imaging technicians is arduous. The emergence of artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis technology comes just in time.To effectively classify lung partial images and alleviate the burden of medical application, a deep learning method based on attention mechanism is therefore developed. The proposed model uses deep learning as the basic integrates Long-Shot term memory (LSTM) the recurrent neural network (RNN). Technology for lung imaging diagnosis based on artificial intelligence has evolved through time from combined diagnosis of multiple diseases to the diagnosis of a single specific disease. The suggested network’s overall classification accuracy, according to experiments, is 95.93%, which is 1.019% greater than that of the deep learning basic network. It also outperforms the VGG16 and VGG19 networks in terms of classification performance. Finally, the benefits and drawbacks of the suggested algorithm are explored, as well as the future development path.
Prediction of photovoltaic power generation based on LSTM and transfer learning digital twin
Authors: Yang Heng , Wang Weisong
Published: May 2023

This research offers a digital twin model for solar power production power prediction based on long short term memory network (LSTM), and then applies this model to other models with limited operational time and inadequate data through transfer learning. The prediction for the solar system’s electrical output. Due to the effect of sun irradiation, temperature, and other random elements, photovoltaic power output is very intermittent and fluctuating, making it impossible to anticipate photovoltaic power with precision. Synchronization and real-time updating of physical entities, thereby obtaining more accurate forecasting results than traditional forecasting methods, while utilizing knowledge learned from PV systems with sufficient historical data to assist PV systems with limited historical data in establishing a digital twin of power generation forecasting model, not only can obtain accurate prediction results but also save training time for the model. In this study, the PV historical data of three distinct sites from the open source websites of Queensland University and Shanxi Jinneng Clean Energy Company are used to validate the validity of the suggested technique.
Acceleration Factor Optimization of Gauss-Seidel Numerical Analysis for Power Flow Using FA
Authors: Yahyia Anwar A. , Abbas Adel A. , Jaber Aqeel S.
Published: May 2023

Load flow analysis is one of the essential ways used by electrical power engineers to achieve high system quality owing to the relevance of load flow in economic optimization, planning, and stability. This issue can be formulated as a set of nonlinear algebraic equations, which can be solved by iterative algorithms. Gauss-Seidel is one of the simple ways of determining load flow in a power system, with the acceleration factor being the most considerable modification when aiming at improving the accuracy of this method. This article reports the determination of the optimal acceleration factor using PSO and Firefly (FA) algorithms. The simulation was done in MATLAB using a 4-bus, 6-bus, and 9-bus of IEEE standard system for the determination of the optimal acceleration factor. The proposed methods were evaluated and benchmarked against the conventional value of the factor using the number of iterations as the fitness function. The outcome of the study showed the FA method as the most preferable method of identifying the optimum acceleration factor.
Modelling of an Efficient Electromagnetic Method for Underwater Wireless Communication
Authors: Laghari Waqas Ahmed , Sahar Tayyaba
Published: May 2023

This paper investigates the characteristics of brief-term variety in wireless communications in the underwater environment. Nowadays, they are extensively used in experimental research related to underwater communication networks and channel estimations for an efficient link. From the first perspective, the main research exploration enquiry depends upon increasing the distance and frequency range. In this research work, an electric current method focusing on RF wave propagation is chosen. This technique in the seawater is produced by a couple of electrodes sensed by two receipt electrodes. The method can be an option as the waves show less effective refraction and reflection effecting in deep and shallow water.
Multi-feature Extraction of Metal Cracks using Based on Wavelet Neural network
Authors: Yan Siqian , Yao Hua , Bian Haiyi
Published: May 2023

The traditional ultrasonic testing mostly uses a single feature, which induce the inaccuracy of the crack detection. This paper proposes a metal crack detection method based on multi-feature extraction. First, the characteristics of time-frequency information of the signal obtained by using wavelet packet transform is briefly introduced. Secondly, the designed wavelet neural network model consists of first layer with three neurons (wavelet packet transform of the ultrasonic echo signal, the peak and energy function), and the output layer with one neuron presenting recognition features to identify and analyze metal cracks. The experimental results show ultrasonic echo measurement with the improved method proposed model can effectively reduce the influence of white gaussian noise while significantly improving the recognition rate of metal cracks.
Robot positioning and navigation technology is based on Integration of the Global Navigation Satellite System and real-time kinematics
Authors: Geng Junzuo , Mokhtarzadeh Amir Ali , Fei Hongyan , Gao Han , Ding Nan , Kong Rongshuang , Zhou Jiayu
Published: May 2023

This paper provides a new robot positioning and navigation technique that combines GNSS-RTK and visual SLAM to address the shortcomings of existing single robot positioning and navigation techniques, such as limited adaptation to scenarios and susceptibility to environmental influences. Real-time kinematics (RTK) is a real-time dynamic observation technique based on carrier phase observations, which can provide real-time 3D positioning results of the measurement site in a specified coordinate system, and can be positioned with centimetre-level accuracy, which is suitable for It is suitable for outdoor positioning of mobile robots. In this paper, a dataset is studied to compare and analyse the advantages and disadvantages of different SLAMs in order to determine the most suitable robot positioning and navigation technique for autonomous indoor and outdoor mobility. These sensors were well calibrated and the composition was applied to the RK3588. The results show good performance in indoor-outdoor switching scenarios, obtaining a mapping technique that cannot be achieved with a single visual SLAM, effectively improving the ability to adapt to multiple scenarios and enhancing the operational range of the transportable robot.
Eddy Current Testing Methods and Design for Pipeline Inspection System: A Review
Authors: Mohamad Ahmad Joraimee , Ali Kharudin , Rifai Damhuji , Salleh Zulfikri , Othman Ahmad Anwar Zikri
Published: May 2023

Non-destructive testing and complex systems integration are commonly used in transportation, aircraft, automotive, manufacturing, petrochemical, and defence. Eddy current testing (ECT) is a common non-destructive evaluation technique, especially in the coating, nuclear, and oil and gas industries. However, the eddy current testing method must continue to focus on the probe’s construction and application. It ascribed noisy data to inadequate detection and a severe false alarm problem. Nonetheless, only few academics have elaborated on the intelligent ECT crack detection method. This study provides an overview of the eddy current testing technique and the probe structure design elements that influence fracture detection accuracy. The first section describes the Eddy current testing by encircling coil system for a differential probe (ECDP) and an encircling coil for an absolute probe design (ECDP). The explanations focus mostly on the probe’s creation and detection in Rotating electromagnetic field eddy current (RoFEC). The advantages and disadvantages of eddy current testing surrounding probes are analysed. In addition, a summary of prior studies investigating testing samples of ferromagnetic pipe, steel rod, and wire rope is presented. The second segment focuses on Eddy current testing employing a Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) sensor system, with a particular emphasis on sensor arrays, GMR, and conventional eddy current coils for crack identification. Finally, a comprehensive overview of eddy current testing methods and design for non-destructive pipeline inspection systems is presented.
Diverging climate response of corn yield and carbon use efficiency across the U.S.
Authors: Yu Shuo , Falco Nicola , Patel Nivedita , Wu Yuxin , Wainwright Haruko
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we developed an open-source package to analyze the overall trend and responses of both carbon use efficiency (CUE) and corn yield to climate factors for the contiguous United States. Our algorithm enables automatic retrieval of remote sensing data through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) agricultural production data at the county level through application programming interface (API). Firstly, we integrated satellite products of net primary productivity and gross primary productivity based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, and climatic variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Secondly, we calculated CUE and commonly used climate metrics. Thirdly, we investigated the spatial heterogeneity of these variables. We applied a random forest algorithm to identify the key climate drivers of CUE and crop yield, and estimated the responses of CUE and yield to climate variability using the spatial moving window regression across the U.S. Our results show that growing degree days (GDD) has the highest predictive power for both CUE and yield, while extreme degree days (EDD) is the least important explanatory variable. Moreover, we observed that in most areas of the U.S., yield increases or stays the same with higher GDD and precipitation. However, CUE decreases with higher GDD in the north and shows more mixed and fragmented interactions in the south. Notably, there are some exceptions where yield is negatively correlated with precipitation in the Missouri and Mississippi River Valleys. As global warming continues, we anticipate a decrease in CUE throughout the vast northern part of the country, despite the possibility of yield remaining stable or increasing.
Efficacy of phytohormones producing isolates on the growth of two stem-cutting robusta coffee (Coffea canephora)
Authors: Firdaus N K , Oktafiyanto M F , Sasmita K D , Pranowo D
Published: May 2023

The propagation techniques of robusta coffee by cutting can be accelerated by the application of plant growth-promoting hormones. This study is to determine the efficacy of phytohormone-producing isolates on the growth of two-segment cutting of Robusta coffee. The study was conducted using a non-factorial completely randomized design with 2 replications. The treatments consist of control, synthetic IBA (Rooton-f) with three dilution concentrations, 4 isolates (Rhodococcus qingshengii, Burkholderia ambifaria, and Bacillus wiedmannii; fungi Aspergillus niger) with three dilution concentrations. Observed parameters included a percentage of live cuttings, percentage of cuttings sprouted, percentage of rooted cuttings, plant height, number of shoots, number of internodes, number of leaves, number of primary roots, primary root length, and primary root diameter. The results showed that the B. wiedmannii treatment had the best performance compared to other treatments because this isolate produced the highest number of primary roots (4.60) and primary root diameters (2.97 mm) compared to other treatments including control and Rooton-f. This is related to its ability to produce phytohormones that can stimulate the root growth of coffee robusta cuttings.
Performance of Five Superior Varieties of Rice in Specific Agroecology of Rice Land in Jombang Regency
Authors: Sudaryono T. , Prahardini P. E. R. , Purnama S. , Fidiyawati E.
Published: May 2023

Rice is a food crop that produces rice as a staple food of the community and plays an important role in the country’s economy. East java as one of the provinces of rice production centers has decreased productivity. In 2020, rice productivity in east java amounted to 5.7 tons.ha−1. In 2021, it fell to 5.6 tons.ha−1. Efforts to increase rice productivity must continue to be carried out. Therefore, research was conducted on 5 VUB (new high-yield varieties) on the agroecology of rice fields specific to the Jombang regency. The reach was conducted participatory involving farmers and field officers. The research was conducted in Ngrandulor village, Peterongan District, Jombang Regency from April to August 2021 using a random group design and five replications. The treatment consists of 5 varieties of rice, namely Inpari 32, Inpari 42, Inpari 45, Inpari Nutrizinc, and Pamelen. Vegetative plant appearance, mainly plants height, Inpari 45 shown highest markedly from other varieties. Other vegetative aspects of the plant, such as the number of samplings, the area of the flag leaves, and the leave under the flag leave between varieties showed no difference. In the generative aspect, namely the length of panicle, amount of grain content and amount of empty grain between varieties are real. Likewise, the weight of grain per panicle and the weight of grain per clump between varieties are markedly different. Based on research results show the productivity of 5 varieties ranged from 9 tons.ha−1, and 5 varieties of rice can be developed in the Jombang Regency.
Application of Oil Palm Empty Bunch Ash Nanoparticle on Epidermal Cell Thickness and Chlorophyll Content of the Soybean Leaf
Authors: Budiyanto G , Mulyono M , Bintania C , Aisyah S N
Published: May 2023

The utilization of oil palm empty bunch (OPEB) could be a powerful solution to manage such large volume of wastes produced from the oil palm plantation. Ash created from this waste could be used as soil ameliorant as well as additional agent for liquid fertilizer. Its form in nano size might increase the leaf absorption. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the effect of OPEB ash nanoparticle on epidermal cell thickness and chlorophyll content of soybean leaves. This study was carried out using completely randomized design to examine five levels of OPEB ash nanoparticle concentration, ranging from 0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5%. Each concentration was repeated nine times. OPEB ash nanoparticle was applied firstly at 2 weeks-old plants and repeated weekly up to 5 times. Application OPEB ash nanoparticle was performed through foliar spray. The results showed that OPEB ash nanoparticle affect the soybean leaf physiology, particularly the structure and anatomy of its stomata. In addition, application of 0.125% OPEB ash nanoparticle increased the epidermal cell thickness. However, higher concentration of OPEB ash nanoparticle was found to inhibit the chlorophyll formation.
Frequency and Period of Stem Wounding Enhances Quality of Cassava-Mycorrhiza Association and Plant Yield
Authors: Astuti A , Mulyono  , Ma’rifah F
Published: May 2023

The main problem in cassava production is the low productivity, as often manifested in the limited number of tubers produced. It was expected that wounding treatments at different growth periods, in addition to mycorrhiza inoculation, would also have an effect on cassava production. This study was aimed to determine the effect of stem wounding frequency and period on quality of cassava-mycorrhiza symbiosis and cassava yield. This study was conducted using a single factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of four application methods: (A) no wounding; (B) 1 time wounding before planting; (C) 2 times wounding before and after planting; (D) 3 times wounding before and after planting. Each treatment was repeated three times (12 experimental units in total). The variables observed include (1) percentages of mycorrhiza infections and number of spores, (2) root growth and (3) cassava yield. The results showed that wounding frequency and period were found to be effective in increasing the cassava root surface, as well as increasing the mycorrhiza infection, which resulted in the increase of cassava yield (54.32 tonnes/ha). The wounding frequency of one to three times on cassava gave significant difference compared to control treatment. Three times wounding treatment prior to planting resulted in the highest cassava yield improvement of 54.05%.
Alteration of The Content of Piperine and Essential Oil from Black Pepper and White Pepper After a Year Storage
Authors: Arief R W , Mustikawati D R , Asnawi R
Published: May 2023

Pepper is a type of spice plant in Indonesia that used for cooking spices. One of the advantages of this spice is that it has a spicy taste and distinctive scent caused by piperine and essential oils contained in pepper seeds. This research was carried out from June 2018 to October 2019, using the main raw material for the Natar 1 variety of pepper. The pepper seed was processed into black pepper and white pepper, and the yield was calculated. Then observed levels of piperine and essential oils of black pepper and white pepper prior to and a year after storage. The data obtained were processed in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results showed that after 12 months of storage, there was a decrease in piperine content of 9.91% and a decrease in essential oil content of 21.77%; while white pepper decreased piperine content by 19.45% and essential oil content decreased by 56.91%. Based on the results of this study, good storage technology is needed to support the sustainability of the availability of black pepper and white pepper in particular, as well as pepper farming in general.
Spontaneous Emulsification of Citronella Oil: Effect of Processing Conditions and Production Scale
Authors: Yuliani S , Wahyuningsih K , Hernani  , Herawati H , Hoerudin  , Rahmini  , Noveriza R
Published: May 2023

Nanoemulsions are gaining considerable interest for use in delivery of essential oil-based pesticides. Evaluation in the laboratory have shown promising efficacy of nanobiopesticides, and further development in nanoemulsion production at larger scale is needed for a wider application in the field. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in droplet size characteristics of citronella oil nanoemulsions produced using spontaneous emulsification at increased scales. The preparation of nanoemulsion was carried out in two stages of scale-up, namely the laboratory scale (200–1000 mL) and the larger scale (10–50 L). The process variables included stirring speed and time. Characterization was done on the oil droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and microscopic structure. The oil droplet size, PDi and zeta potential varied with the emulsification process conditions and the production scale. In general, increasing mixing speed and time tended to decrease droplet size and PDI, and increase zeta potential. The changes in characteristics of nanoemulsion were minor at the higher production scales. Relatively small droplet sizes were found in the whole experiment (90–160 nm) with PDI of 0.2 – 0.4 and zeta potential of -28 to -8.8 mV. These results are useful for the design of nanoemulsion production at practical application scale.
Forest Management Units’ Role in Conserving and Maintaining Watershed Sustainability to Support Electrical Energy
Authors: Hendraswari I , Syahidan  , Putri I A S L P , Ansari F
Published: May 2023

The Indonesian government developed environmentally electrical power, such as a Bakaru hydroelectric power plant (Bakaru PLTA). The Bakaru PLTA is located in the Mamasa sub-watershed. Some parts of the Mamasa sub-watershed are managed by three Forest Management Units (FMU): Mamasa Tengah FMU, Mamasa Timur FMU, and Sawitto FMU. Previous studies indicated that land-use change was a driving factor in decreasing water discharge and increasing sedimentation. Therefore, it is crucial to discover the role and influence of FMU conditions on the performance of the Bakaru PLTA. This study aims to determine Mamasa sub-watershed conditions, especially FMUs areas, to see the contribution and strategies that FMUs can carry out to support the energy production of the PLTA Bakaru. This research used the literature study method and overlaid several maps. The study showed that FMUs faced erosion, sedimentation, and degraded land, influencing Bakaru PLTA performance. The study recommends that rehabilitation be prioritized on the degraded and very degraded land categories at 27 villages in Mamasa Timur FMU, 18 villages in Mamasa Tengah FMU, and eight villages in Sawitto FMU.
The Deconstruction of Policy on Coal Waste: Threats and Challenges in Achieving Ecological Justice
Authors: Rohman A , Hartiwiningsih H , Rustamaji M , Sulistyanta S
Published: May 2023

The coal mining sector is one of the national streams subjected to non-tax revenues. It requires efficient managerial models including economic growth, social, and environmental sustainability. The issuance of Government Regulation Number (GRN) 22/2021 as a derivative of the Job Creation brings about pros and cons between entrepreneurs and environmentalists. Coal waste is not a subject of criminal offense because it is not classified as hazardous (B3). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the regulation and execution of the coal waste policy. Data were analyzed using normative with three approaches including legislation, conceptual, and case. The results indicated that the exception of coal waste from B3 affects responsibility and becomes profitable only for entrepreneurs. Coal waste was removed from B3 due to its potential as innovative fuel. The GRN 22/2021 failed to provide apparent legitimacy for entrepreneurs to manage the waste. This policy became a setback in the country’s commitment to realizing sustainable development since it is contrary to UN resolution 66/288.
Legal Policy on the Protection of Ulayat Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Kampar Regency
Authors: Haryono D , Firdaus E , Indra M , Artina D , Andrikasmi S , Jehwae P
Published: May 2023

The legal policy of protection of customary or ulayat rights in Kampar Regency has been regulated in Kampar Regency Regional Regulation (Perda) Number 12 of 1999 concerning Ulayat Land Rights. It’s just that the implementation of the legal policy in question has not been optimal so it has not been effective enough in solving all ulayat rights problems in Kampar Regency. This article explained the content of the legal policy on the protection of ulayat rights in Kampar Regency. Then analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of these legal policies in solving ulayat rights problems. The method used is normative legal research with a conceptual and statute approach supplemented by interviews, as well as qualitative-deductive analysis. This paper recommends that the legal policy of protection of customary rights in Kampar Regency be improved in accordance with the development of laws or regulations and the condition of indigenous peoples so that it is expected to function effectively in providing ulayat rights protection for indigenous peoples in Kampar Regency.
Indonesia’s Plan for Concurrent Regional Expansion
Authors: Indra M
Published: May 2023

The development of ties between the center and the regions came to light after Indonesia underwent reformation in 1998. A new paradigm in the management of local government in Indonesia has emerged as a result of the passing of Law No. 22 of 1999. One effect of the passage of Law No. 22 of 1999 was the enlargement of the region to create a number of new autonomous regions. The pattern of creating new autonomous areas based on the will of the people causes certain regional expansions to be successful while others result in conflicts due to the interests of local elites (bottom-up). Therefore, the creation of new autonomous zones and the birth of a new paradigm require a new formulation. As a result, the creation of new autonomous regions requires a new formulation, and Law No. 23 of 2014’s regional structuring idea represents the development of a new paradigm. How to formulate the development of a new autonomous region through concurrent regional expansion is the study’s formulation of the problem. According to the study’s findings, regional growth is required in order to meet the needs of the envisioned increase in the number of Provinces, Regencies, and Cities.
Effect of tempering temperature and subzero treatment on microstructures, retained austenite, and hardness of AISI D2 tool steel
Authors: Mochtar Myrna Ariati , Putra Wahyuaji Narottama , Abram Martin
Published: May 2023

The presence of retained austenite in the hardening process of tool steel often causes the lower hardness compared to the hardness requirements and poor dimensional stability in the tool steel. The purpose of the present research is to determine the relationships between the tempering process with and without cryogenic treatment to the hardness and retained austenite amount of as-hardened D2 tool steel. The austenitizing temperature was 1020 °C, the tempering temperatures have variations of 180 °C, 280 °C, 380 °C, 480 °C, and 580 °C, and the subzero treatment has a temperature of −172 °C, followed by tempering at 180 °C, 380 °C, and 580 °C. This study aims to determine the appropriate treatment to obtain a minimum retained austenite percentage to prevent and mitigate the failure of AISI D2 tool steel in the industrial application process. An optical microscope with image processing software (Image-J analysis), as well as Brinell and Vickers hardness testing, is the characterization method used in this work. In general, plate martensite, bainite, retained austenite, and primary and secondary carbides are the phases contained in the microstructure. Tempering temperatures have the effect of increasing the secondary carbide precipitation and decreasing the retained austenite content (γr 3,671%–2,769%). However, the cryogenic treatment can provide a more efficient martensitic phase transformation process and minimal retained austenite content (γr 2,257%–1,199%). The increase in tempering temperature causes a decrease in hardness at a temperature of 180 °C–380 °C. On the other hand, the secondary hardening and phase transformation phenomena cause an increase in the hardness of the as-tempered sample at a temperature of 480 °C, before the sample reexperiences a significant decrease in hardness at a temperature of 580 °C due to diffusion that decreases the carbon content.