bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Insulation Materials with Sugar Filter Mud as Pore-Forming Agent and Jilin Clay as Aggregate
Authors: Qian Chao , Gao Wen Yuan , Luo Chun Yuan , Tuo Li Dong , Li Hai Yuan , Wang Yun Feng , Liu Gui Shan , Hao Hong Shun , Hu Zhi Qiang
Published: August 2013

Insulation materials with flexural strength 5.238 MPa and porosity 39.24% obtained at 1050 °C for 0.5 h show that its bulk density of the materials decreased down to 1.252 g/cm3 using clay as aggregate. Due to change the amount of sugar filter mud, the porosity arises from 37.07% to 39.24% and the thermal conductivity decreases from 0.086 to 0.052 W·m-1·K-1. The clay and wastes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and chemical elemental analysis. The main crystalline phases of sample observed by XRD are quartz, mullite and anorthite. The insulation materials were manufactured from clay and the optimal proportion of wastes.
Treatment of Tannery Wastewater by Electrochemical Oxidation Process
Authors: Huang Lin Lin , Liu Jun Feng , Zhang Nan , Sun Bin , Feng Yu Jie
Published: August 2013

Electrochemical oxidation process was adopted to treat the tannery wastewater effluent from a biological processing unit. The experiments were carried out in an electrochemical reactor using RuO2\SnO2 coated on titanium as anode and stainless steel as cathode. The changes of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal and other relative parameters have been determined as a function of treatment time, applied current density and chloride concentration. Results indicate that electrochemical oxidation can treat tannery wastewater effectively. The results obtained at 7.5mA/cm2 demonstrated that 48.7% of TOC and 58.9% of COD were degraded in 150min of processing. In addition, the addition of chloride showed no significant to the removal of COD and TOC.
ZnO-TiO2 Composite Material Prepared by Sol-Gel Method to Treat Pharmaceutical Wastewater
Authors: Wang Xun , Li Wei Wei , Xiao Yang Fan , Zhu Lei , Liu Xiao Yan
Published: August 2013

This research aims to treat pharmaceutical wastewater with the ZnO-TiO2composite material prepared by the sol-gel method. It examines and analyzes the causes and effects of ZnO‘s doping ratio, calcination temperature calcination time and irradiation time on ZnO-TiO2 composite photocatalyst material’s degradation of pharmaceutical wastewater. Both the undoped TiO2 test and the blank test are done for its reference and contrast.
Phosphorus Fractionation in the Sediment of a Natural Lake
Authors: Cui Song Bo , Zhang Hua Yong , Liu Bing Bing
Published: August 2013

Seven typical surface sediments were collected along the flow direction in the hypertrophic Qixinghu lake located in Nansi Lake Basin. The sediments were evaluated on the basis of phosphorus (P) fractionation by sequential extraction scheme. Sedimentary phosphorus were fractioned into six forms (Ex-P, Al-P, Fe-P, BD-P, Ca-P and Org-P) to reveal phosphorus removal mechanism. The rank order according to the content of P-fractions was Ca-P > Org-P > Al-P > Fe-P > Ex-P > BD-P. The permanent Ca-P showed considerable contribution (41.97%-73.15%) to the sedimentary P-loads. The relative contributions of Ex-P to total sedimentary phosphorus (TP) ranged from 0.91% to 4.64%, which was positively correlated with alkaline phosphatase activity (r=0.8480). TP and Org-P were positively correlated with organic matter (OM) (r=0.8577 and r=0.9237, respectively). Total phosphorus concentration in the sediment fluctuated with changes in water quality and substrate characteristics. The high content of sedimentary metal elements and OM are contributed to the phosphorus accumulation and adsorption.
Application of MnO2 Materials to Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption
Authors: Dong Wei Fang , Zang Li Hua , Li Hao
Published: August 2013

The adsorption capacity was compared for the dye wastewater onto adsorbent MnO2. The effects of contact time and dosage of adsorbent were studied. The adsorption kinetics was analyzed. The results showed that MnO2 possessed higher adsorption capacity to Methylene blue than Methyl orange which the removal efficiency could reached 94.82%and 78.63% respectively under the conditions (the dosage1.2g/L, time 60min, initial dye concentration 50mg/L, pH7). The dynamical data fit well with the pseudo second order kinetic model. The MnO2 has higher Methylene blue adsorption capacity in short equilibrium times and are good alternative in wastewater treatment.
Biosorption of Mn(II) by Immobilizing Dominant Bacteria on the Surface of Chitosan Cross-Linked GAC Beads
Authors: Gao Yu Nan , Zhang Rong Xin , Tang Xiang Yu , Fu Xin , Cong Peng
Published: August 2013

A static test was applied to study the biosorption of Mn (II) by immobilized dominant bacteria on the surface of chitosan cross-linked GAC(CCG) beads. The Citrobacter sp. was selected from the source water of the Shenyang first water treatment plant. Citrobacter sp. was immobilized on the surface of chitosan cross-linked GAC beads successfully. Langmuir models were applied to describe the isotherms. The Mn (II) removal rate was evaluated by the different dose rate and different contact time of the CCG beads. Results showed the dominant bacteria immobilized on chitosan cross-linked GAC beads were favourable adsorbers.
Research Progress of Dyeing Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Chen Ping , Kan Lian Bao , Jia Chao
Published: August 2013

The aim of our research was to find the better treatment progress for dyeing wastewater. It elaborated the source and the quality variation law with time change and harm to environment of the dyeing wastewater. Listed all kinds of treatment methods, including physical, chemical, biological. Thought the development trends of dyeing wastewater treatment was the combination of multiple progress.
Evaluation of VOCs Purification System from Wastewater in a Shijiazhuang Bio-Pharmaceutical Factory
Authors: Du Zhao , Fu Feng Ying , Ren Ai Ling , Zhang Ding Chao
Published: August 2013

The characteristics and purification effect of wastewater VOCs from a shijiazhuang bio-pharmaceutical factory were studied throμg h summa canister , preconcentration system and meteorological chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS) . The VOCs are classified according to the functional groups, boiling point, molecular weight and carbon number, and its characteristics and treatment process were discussed based on total emissions, kinds, alkaline cleaning efficiency, biological efficiency and total efficiency. The results show that the largest concentrations of VOCs is the sulfur-containing compounds, boiling point of 81 ~ 110 °C and molecular weight of 20 ~ 50, which has better treatment effect, and efficiencies are above 99%.
Study on Membrane Fouling of a Hydrogen-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor Treating Nitrate-Contaminated Drinking Water
Authors: Li Gang , Yu Jun , Zhang Yan Hao , Gao Lei , Zhang Hua
Published: August 2013

A hollow fiber membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) using Polyethylene (PE) membranes was investigated for denitrification in nitrate-contimanitated drinking water. The reactor was operated over 85 days with influent nitrate loading increasing gradually. The result showed that maximum of nitrate denitrification rate achieved was 3.84 g NO3ˉ-N/m3/d (1.36 g NO3ˉ-N/m2/d) and the total nitrogen removal was more than 96%. The results also showed that the membrane pollution was mainly caused by the mineral sedimentation and EPS.
Research on an Integrated Roof System for Optimization of CO2 Emission
Authors: Sui Jie Li , Wang Shao Ling , Ma Tao
Published: August 2013

In this paper, we proposed a simulation methodology for evaluating the performance of CO2 Emission (CE) of Green Roof shape Integrated Photovoltaic System (GRIPV) of a Wooden Detached House using GA. CE acting as evaluating indicator was studied. Three typical locations in Japan are taken into account: Sapporo, Tokyo and Naha. Optimal solution of each location was achieved.
Shape Study on Wooden Detached House for Reducing LCCO2 by GA
Authors: Sui Jie Li , Wang Shao Ling , Ma Tao , Ren Yan Tao
Published: August 2013

To reduce carbon dioxide emissions from buildings, we selected housing shape as research object. By deforming a simplified detached house model, we achieved optimal shape of WDH reducingLCCO2 by Genetic Algorithms (GA).
A Research on the Development of Large-Scale Residential Districts of Tianjin
Authors: Wang Chao Hong , Wang Jian Jun , Liu Xin
Published: August 2013

This paper analyzed the three large-scale residential districts by comparing their natural environments, residential types, supporting facilities and economic developments. It concluded that the city residential areas in modern time should follow the requirement of sustainable development of environment, economy as well as society so as to minimize the drawbacks of suburbanization.
The Application of the IVE Model for Establishing the Vehicle Emission Inventory in the Urban Areas of Chongqing
Authors: Feng Xiao , Wang Ting Li , Zhao Qi
Published: August 2013

This paper introduces a mobile vehicle emission model---- the IVE (international vehicle emission) model and presents the survey method to the main data and the modified method to the base emission factors by taking the urban areas of Chongqing as a case. The main data are collected by using some professional instruments such as global positioning satellite (GPS) system, video cameras and vehicle occupancy characteristics enumerator (VOCE), etc. The base emission factors can be modified by the data from on-broad emission test. This paper establish vehicle emission inventory in the urban areas of Chongqing and will make a good preparation for traffic environmental treatment in Chongqing.
Study on Correlation between Urban Development and Air Pollution Based on Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Li Jian Ping , Song Qiao , Yang Hai Ying , Duan Han Ming
Published: August 2013

The paper presents a method of researching the impact of urban development on air quality on the basis of artificial neural network (ANN). Statistical data in a monitoring period constitute a sample which contains monitoring values of environmental impact factors and air pollution indicators. Several samples are employed to train the ANN, and the mapping relationship between environmental impact factors and air pollution indicators is established through the trained ANN. The impact degree of each environmental impact factor on each air pollution indicator can be obtained by using the connection weights of the trained ANN. The case study illustrates the feasibility of the method mentioned in the paper which explores a new idea to the study of environmental impact of urban development.
The Formation of Toxic Compounds during Biochar Production
Authors: Chen Lei , Zheng Hao , Wang Zhen Yu
Published: August 2013

Biochar has caused great interest due to its sequestrating carbon and improving soil fertilities. It has been increasing attracted and applied to agriculture systems. However, many toxic compounds (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs),heavy metals) are likely to be formed during biochar production. These compounds may be existed in biochar matrix and even bioavailable to exposed organisms. Therefore, the formation and impact factors as well as the concentrations and bioavailability of these compounds are reviewed.
Double Fracture Systems of Rock Flow for Geological Disposal of the High-Level Radioactive Waste
Authors: Man Ke , Liu Xiao Li , Wang Ju , Su Rui , Zhu Yong Qiang
Published: August 2013

Based on the diagenesis, classification and its physical, mechanical, and hydromechanical properties of fractured rock, this paper describes the current status of the fractured rock seepage models and their characteristics. Especially from the point of the safety assessment of the geological disposal of the high level radioactive waste, the discrete fracture network model, the equilibrium continuous medium model and the double media continuous model have been elaborated, and has been analyzed and compared with each other. Furthermore, the double fracture systems for rock flow have been introduced as the much better suitable seepage model for the geological disposal of the high level radioactive waste. In the double fracture systems seepage model, the seepage flow is described and reflected by the main fracture system, and the water store property is given by the subordinate fracture system. The appropriate seepage model for the geological disposal of the high level radioactive waste can be achieved through the double fracture systems, combined with the hydrological testing data in site and other geological information.
Study on the Ecological Environment Impact Assessment of the Port Engineering Based on the PSR Model
Authors: Cheng Yun , Li Li
Published: August 2013

With the vigorous development of the port construction, the regional ecological environment has been polluted seriously. The paper builds the ecological environment impact assessment index system of the port engineering from the Pressure-State-Response three angles, and uses fuzzy set-valued statistics to determine the weight of each indicator. The specific evaluation value of the ecological environment has been obtained, which makes the results of the evaluation more reliable and operable.
Distribution of Polycyclic Musks in Sediments from the Songhua River
Authors: Lu Bin Yu , Feng Yu Jie , Zhang Zhao Han , Lin Nan
Published: August 2013

Occurrence and distribution of four polycyclic musks in nine sediment samples from the Songhua River were studied by using GC-MS. The concentrations of total polycyclic musks were in the range of 2.91-27.8 ng/g (dry weight, dw), while HHCB, AHTN, ADBI and AHMI were in the ranges of 1.89-16.00, 1.02-6.06, <LOD-2.72 and <LOD-3.02 ng/g (dry weight, dw), respectively. The results indicated that the Songhua River had been polluted with different degree except the river source, and the HHCB and AHTN were the dominant components in the sediments.
The Study on the Measures and Countermeasures of the Water Management of Luyang Lake Westland
Authors: Yang Ju Hua , Xi Min , Zhang Qing Lei
Published: August 2013

In order to protect the water environment of Luyang Lake Wetland, this article thoroughly investigated, analyzed and evaluated Luyang Lake Wetland. We revealed its existing problems and conflicts, from which we provided solving measures from 5 aspects expecting to provide theoretical basis for corresponding policy's making.
The Development and Ecological Responses of Fishways under the Legislative Trend of Environmental Flows in China
Authors: Chen Chang Chun , Wang La Chun , Song Jie , Cao Xue Zhang
Published: August 2013

Fishways play an important role in the mitigation of negative influence of hydraulic projects on fish, and can help maintain river connectivity and fish migration in river ecological systems. Based on the current situation of fishways construction in China, this paper demonstrated the legislative prospect of environmental flows, and analyzed the historical reason of depression of fishways. Focusing on adaptable measures of fishways development to legislative and ecological water requirements, four proposals were provided, which included strengthening the supervision, promoting the ecological integration, exploring the behavior of fish, and investigating the ecohydraulics of fishways.
The Application of Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method Based on Interval Number Distance in Water Quality Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ping , Xu Wen Jie , Chen Wei Guo
Published: August 2013

The defects of present fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on interval value are pointed out. To improve these defects, a new calculation method of fuzzy membership degree is provided and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on interval number distance is built. This model is applied to Lake Dongchang. And it can be indicated that the proposed model is reasonable and practical.
Uneven Distribution of PM2.5 and Residential Area Planning
Authors: Wu Zheng Wang , Ma Xin , Yang Xin
Published: August 2013

The dust haze has posed a serious threat to residents physical and psychological health in China. PM2.5 is the main cause of dust haze. Recent studies on the distribution of PM2.5 points out that the uneven distribution of PM2.5 in city small scale landscape like residential area prevails. The landscape pattern, the maldistribution of pollution sources like motorways, architectural layouts, greening rate, plant community are considered to be the major causes. If residential areas site selection and landscape pattern are optimized, combining road network layout, form design, greening rate and building height are planned following design guidelines, the environment quality can be bettered and the exposure to PM2.5 can be reduced.
Research on Ecological Restoration of Qingtu Lake and Water Resources Scheduling in the Downstream of Shiyang River Basin
Authors: Yan You Xi , Yan Xia
Published: August 2013

The building of the Hongyashan Reservoir leads to the natural watercourse drying up in the downstream of Shiyang River Basin and the Rump lake disappearing. Lining Channels was used to conveying water to Qingtu Lake since the Key Management has been carried out in Shiyang River Basin.In spite of small regional environment improved, the river and the lake can not be connected with each other as the natural watercourse remain discarded.As a result the ecological restoration of Qingtu River can not work effectively.Starting from restoring the ecological function of rivers and lakes, the pattern of conveying water should be changed into supplementing water to Qingtu Lake with the natural watercourse of Shiyang River,connecting the lake and the river.Meanwhile the jointed scheduling mode of surface water and groundwater ensures the dynamic balance of ground water and the sustainable development of oasis.
Courtyard Space and Natural Ventilation of National Fitness Center in Hot and Humid Areas
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Jin
Published: August 2013

To improve the air change rate under natural ventilation and the comfort level of sport field of national fitness centers in hot and humid areas, an analog computation was conducted for courtyard models with different sizes and shapes via the softwares such as Fluent and Weather Tool, taking Guangzhou area as an example. It is discovered that under the same external conditions and in a certain building boundary size, enlarging the width of courtyard is beneficial for improving indoor ventilation of sport spaces with the same depth, and semi-open courtyard can lead to better ventilation compared with completely open courtyard with the same width.
The Discussion of Increasing Environmental Supervision and Protection in Engineering
Authors: Lu Peng Zhen , Feng Bin Bin , Fu Jia Yan
Published: August 2013

The article analyses the influencing factors and harm that road construction on environment, put forward the method of increasing environmental supervision and protection in engineering and promote the harmonious development of Chinas road construction and environment.
The RodA Hydrophobin on Aspergillus fumigatus Spores Masks Dectin-1– and Dectin-2–Dependent Responses and Enhances Fungal Survival In Vivo
Authors: Carrion Steven de Jesus , Leal Sixto M. , Ghannoum Mahmoud A. , Aimanianda Vishukumar , Latgé Jean-Paul , Pearlman Eric
Published: August 2013

Aspergillus and Fusarium species are important causes of fungal infections worldwide. Airborne spores (conidia) of these filamentous fungi express a surface protein that confers hydrophobicity (hydrophobin) and covers cell wall components that would otherwise induce a host immune cell response. Using a mutant Aspergillus fumigatus strain (ΔrodA) that does not express the RodA hydrophobin, and Aspergillus and Fusarium conidia from clinical isolates that were treated with hydrofluoric acid (which removes the A. fumigatus RodA protein), we observed increased surface exposure of β1,3-glucan and α-mannose on Aspergillus and Fusarium conidia. We also found that ΔrodA and hydrofluoric acid–treated conidia stimulate significantly higher NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and cytokine production by macrophages from C57BL/6, but not from Dectin-1−/− or Dectin-2−/− mice. Using a murine model of A. fumigatus corneal infection, we showed that ΔrodA conidia induced significantly higher cytokine production, neutrophil infiltration, and more rapid fungal clearance from C57BL/6 corneas compared with the parent G10 strain, which was dependent on Dectin-1 and Dectin-2. Together, these findings identify the hydrophobin RodA as a virulence factor that masks Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 recognition of conidia, resulting in impaired neutrophil recruitment to the cornea and increased fungal survival and clinical disease.
Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments of Eclipse Trough, Bylot Island area, Arctic Canada, and their regional setting
Authors: Miall A D , Balkwill H R , Hopkins W S
Published: August 2013

The Cretaceous-Tertiary sequence in Eclipse Trough has been subdivided into three formations; the reconnaissance term Eclipse Group has been abandoned. The lowermost unit is the Hassel Formation (Albian-Cenomanian), 10- 120 m thick, of fluvial origin. It consists
of mature, recycled quartzose detritus. Coal seams are present near Pond Inlet. The unconformably overlying Kanguk Formation (Campanian-Maastrichtian) has been divided into two members. The lower mudstone member is 560-590 m thick; the upper sandstone member is 540 m thick on the south coast of
Bylot Island, but thins rapidly to the northwest as a result of facies change into the mudstone member and/or erosional truncation. The sandstone member was deposited by a northwesterly prograding alluvial system, and consists of mineralogically immature detritus derived from Archean and Aphebian
metamorphic and plutonic rocks of granitic composition. The uppermost unit, the Eureka Sound Formation (upper Paleocene to lower Eocene) contains four members. The lower sandstone member at the base has a maximum thickness of 200 m. It is a mature, quartzose, marine shoreline deposit which onlaps a
tilted surface on the Kanguk Formation in the northern part of Eclipse Trough. The lower mudstone (90 to 500+ m) and upper sandstone (1370+ m) members form a gross coarsening upward cycle, representing progradation of a fluvial and river-dominated delta system northwestward, down the axis of Eclipse
Trough. Interpreted depositional environments and sandstone petrography are similar to those of the Kanguk Formation sandstone member. The upper mudstone member (200+ m) is preserved in a single outlier. It probably is of marine origin. Eclipse Trough is one of a series of fault-controlled basins
filled with Cretaceous-Tertiary deposits on the margins of both sides of Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea. The basins resulted from a phase of graben formation during crustal attenuation, possibly accompanied by sea floor spreading, in the Early Cretaceous to mid-Eocene Eurekan Rifting Episode. The basin
fill in Eclipse Trough is similar to that of the Bjarni area of Labrador Shelf, except that in the latter basin graben development was followed, in mid Eocene to Pliocene time, by regional subsidence and deposition of a thick, seaward-thickening clastic wedge. This is absent in Eclipse Trough, but
probably is to be found in nearby offshore basins. Stratigraphic correlations between Labrador Shelf, Eclipse Trough and Sverdrup Basin reflect continent-wide plate tectonic controls and global eustatic sea level changes.
Drift prospecting
Authors: DiLabio R N W , Coker W B
Published: August 2013

The research group at the Geological Survey of Finland, established for applying glacial geological studies in prospecting, has developed the following research procedure. Exploration pits are dug at ore boulder sites. The tilt stratigraphy and directions of ice
flow are established from the se pits, the distance the boulders were transported is assessed, and samples for tilt lithology and geochemistry are taken. A probability sector for the source rock of the boulders is determined from the directions of ice flow. The study is continued by tracing ore
boulders and unique heavy mineral contents through the till unit. The procedure has proved very useful in Finland, where the surficial deposits are shallow, the average thickness being a mere 6. 7 m. During the last nine years, the source rocks for forty-five boulder trains or geochemical anomalies
have been found.
Geological survey of Canada radiocarbon dates XXIX
Authors: McNeely R , McCuaig S
Published: August 2013

This List presents 622 radiocarbon age determinations made by the Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory. Ail samples dated more than two years ago have now been reported in date lists. The total number (609) of samples from various areas are as follows: Offshore (43);
Newfoundland (42); Labrador (11); Nova Scotia (39); New Brunswick (7); Champlain Sea (38); Québec (54); Ontario (23); Manitoba (3); Sas­katchewan (9 ); Alberta (6 ); British Columbia (92); Yukon Territory (71 ); Northwest Territories, main/and (33 ); Northwest Territories, Arctic Archipelago (
126); U.S.A. - New York (6); Washington ( 1 ); Denmark - Green/and (3 ). Tables 1 and 2 summarize the details of background and standard counts for the 2 L and 5 L counters during the period from December 6, 1988 to January 9, 1990.
New and revised earthquake focal mechanisms of the Charlevoix Seismic Zone, Canada
Authors: Lamontagne M
Published: August 2013

The Charlevoix Seismic Zone (CSZ) is one of the most active seismic areas of eastem Canada. This report presents a series of new and revised CSZ focal mechanisms for the period 197 4-1997. The report documents the methodology used, the input data and the results
for 52 mechanisms computed with the program FOCMEC. For most new solutions, P and SH first motion data were used to constrain the mechanisms. The P first motions were read on the vertical components of the digital and analogue records for stations located within 150 km of the CSZ. SH first motions
(tranverse horizontal S waves) were read off the two horizontal component data of the Charlevoix Local Telemetered Network (CLTN). Mechanisms of earthquakes with magnitude >= 3.0 for the period 1989-1997 were computed. For events of magnitude >= 2.0 recorded between June and
November 1996, field data were added to the CLTN to define the focal mechanisms. In addition to these new mechanisms, some published mechanisms were re-computed. Two of the six focal mechanisms from the 1974 field survey appeared well defined, while the other four are less constrained. The August
19, 1979 magnitude mN 5.0 earthquake was re-analyzed with the current GSC practice for plotting first motions on the focal sphere. Although the original thrust faulting mechanism of the solution remains, the two nodal planes are somewhat different than the ones published. Revisions to the mechanisms
published by the Geological Survey of Canada and by Li et al. (1995) are also presented. Finally, the three mechanisms of Lamontagne and Ranalli (1997) are presented. The tectonic implications of these mechanisms will be discussed in a future paper.
An analysis of ‘non-Johannine’ vocabulary in John 7:53–8:11, Part 1
Authors: Punch John D.
Published: August 2013

Although scholars usually use external evidence to argue against the inclusion of John 7:53–8:11 in the Gospel of John, they frequently suggest arguments of internal evidence, mostly based on the inclusion of non-Johannine vocabulary, to support these objections. However, in contrast to the textual evidence, arguments about non-Johannine vocabulary seldom receive the necessary amount of evaluation. This article is the first of a two-part series that evaluates explanations for the appearance of various ‘non-Johannine’ terms. Both articles rebut claims of ’non-Johannine’ vocabulary in John 7:53–8:11, thereby providing opportunities for discussing Johannine features in the passage.Hoewel navorsers eksterne bewyse gebruik om teen die insluiting van Johannes 7:53–8:11 in die Evangelie van Johannes te argumenteer, maak hulle dikwels voorstelle van interne bewyse, meestal gebaseer op die insluiting van nie-Johannese terme, ter ondersteuning van sodanige besware. In teenstelling met die tekstuele bewyse, ontvang die voorstelle vir nie-Johannese terme egter selde die nodige evaluering. Hierdie artikel is die eerste van ’n tweeledige reeks wat verklarings vir die verskynsel van verskeie ‘nie-Johannese’ terme evalueer. Albei artikels weerlê die bewerings wat gemaak word ten opsigte van ‘nie-Johannese’ terme in Johannes 7:53–8:11 en skep daardeur geleentheid vir ’n bespreking van Johannese eienskappe.
Curcuma Contra Cancer? Curcumin and Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Kewitz Stefanie , Volkmer Ines , Staege Martin S.
Published: August 2013

Curcumin, a phytochemical isolated from curcuma plants which are used as coloring ingredient for the preparation of curry powder, has several activities which suggest that it might be an interesting drug for the treatment or prevention of cancer. Curcumin targets different pathways which are involved in the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, including the nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) pathway. This pathway is deregulated in multiple tumor entities, including Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). Indeed, curcumin can inhibit growth of HL cell lines and increases the sensitivity of these cells for cisplatin. In this review we summarize curcumin activities with special focus on possible activities against HL cells.
Near Total Pharyngolaryngectomy and Reconstruction with Interpositional Tubed Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap
Authors: Sebastian Paul , Varghese Bipin Thomas
Published: August 2013

Near total laryngectomy can be safely combined with partial or subtotal pharyngectomies when the disease is lateralized rendering the interarytenoid joint and the contralateral cricoarytenoid joint free of tumor. A case of post radiotherapy recurrent carcinoma of the posterior pharyngeal wall which could be salvaged by a circumferential pharyngectomy combined with a near total laryngectomy is reported with a discussion about its potential advantages.

How to cite this article

Varghese BT, Sebastian P. Near Total Pharyngolaryngectomy and Reconstruction with Interpositional Tubed Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(1):15-17.
Saccular Cyst of Larynx
Authors: Priya NS , Shantharam Lakshmi , Somashekara KG
Published: August 2013

A saccular cyst is a mucous-filled dilatation of the laryngeal saccule which can be congenital or acquired. The management of these cysts has changed over the period of time. An adult patient was presented with hoarseness of voice. Videolaryngoscopy showed a well-defined pedunculated mass. Endoscopic-guided excision of the cyst was done. Histopathology showed features of saccular cyst of larynx. Laryngeal saccular cyst should be excised to relieve voice change, respiratory obstruction and for possible carcinomatous change. This article aims at management of saccular cyst along with review of literature.

How to cite this article

Shantharam L, Somashekara KG, Priya NS. Saccular Cyst of Larynx. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(1):21-23.
Corrosion Behavior of Deep Water Oil Production Tubing Material Under Supercritical CO2 Environment: Part 2—Effect of Crude Oil and Flow
Authors: Farelas F. , Choi Y.S. , Nešić S. , Magalhães Alvaro Augusto O. , de Azevedo Andrade Cynthia
Published: August 2013

Deep water oil production tubing materials are exposed to high carbon dioxide (CO2) pressure and temperature conditions that can affect the corrosion performance of such materials. The present study evaluated the corrosion behavior of carbon steel exposed to supercritical CO2/oil/brine mixtures at different water cuts (0, 30, 50, 70, and 100%), CO2 partial pressures (8 MPa and 12 MPa), and temperatures (65°C and 90°C) in a flowing 25 wt% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. Corrosion behavior of carbon steel was evaluated by using electrical resistance (ER) measurements, weight-loss measurements, and surface analytical techniques (scanning electron microscopy [SEM] and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy [EDS]). The corrosion rates of carbon steel increased with increasing water cut. There was no indication of corrosion attack with 0% water cut. At lower water cuts (30% and 50%), the steel surface was covered by iron carbonate (FeCO3), while iron carbide (Fe3C) was present on the steel surface at higher water cuts (70% and 100%) with very high corrosion rates. In addition, the presence of flow prevented the formation of protective FeCO3 at high water cut conditions.
Formation and growth of nucleated particles into cloud condensation nuclei: model–measurement comparison
Authors: Westervelt D. M. , Pierce J. R. , Riipinen I. , Trivitayanurak W. , Hamed A. , Kulmala M. , Laaksonen A. , Decesari S. , Adams P. J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Aerosol nucleation occurs frequently in the atmosphere and is an important source of particle number. Observations suggest that nucleated particles are capable of growing to sufficiently large sizes that they act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but some global models have reported that CCN concentrations are only modestly sensitive to large changes in nucleation rates. Here we present a novel approach for using long-term size distribution observations to evaluate a global aerosol model's ability to predict formation rates of CCN from nucleation and growth events. We derive from observations at five locations nucleation-relevant metrics such as nucleation rate of particles at diameter of 3 nm (J3), diameter growth rate (GR), particle survival probability (SP), condensation and coagulation sinks, and CCN formation rate (J100). These quantities are also derived for a global microphysical model, GEOS-Chem-TOMAS, and compared to the observations on a daily basis. Using GEOS-Chem-TOMAS, we simulate nucleation events predicted by ternary (with a 10−5 tuning factor) or activation nucleation over one year and find that the model slightly understates the observed annual-average CCN formation mostly due to bias in the nucleation rate predictions, but by no more than 50% in the ternary simulations. At the two locations expected to be most impacted by large-scale regional nucleation, Hyytiälä and San Pietro Capofiume, predicted annual-average CCN formation rates are within 34 and 2% of the observations, respectively. Model-predicted annual-average growth rates are within 25% across all sites but also show a slight tendency to underestimate the observations, at least in the ternary nucleation simulations. On days that the growing nucleation mode reaches 100 nm, median single-day survival probabilities to 100 nm for the model and measurements range from less than 1–6% across the five locations we considered; however, this does not include particles that may eventually grow to 100 nm after the first day. This detailed exploration of new particle formation and growth dynamics adds support to the use of global models as tools for assessing the contribution of microphysical processes such as nucleation to the total number and CCN budget.
Impact of radar data assimilation using WRF three-dimensional variational system, for the simulation of a heavy rainfall case in Central Italy
Authors: Maiello I. , Ferretti R. , Gentile S. , Montopoli M. , Picciotti E. , Marzano F. S. , Faccani C.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. This work is a first assessment of the role of Doppler Weather radar (DWR) data in a mesoscale model for the prediction of a heavy rainfall. The study analyzes the event occurred during 19–22 May 2008 in the urban area of Rome. The impact of the radar reflectivity and radial velocity acquired from Monte Midia Doppler radar, on the assimilation into the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.2, is discussed. The goal is to improve the WRF high resolution initial condition by assimilating DWR data and using ECMWF analyses as First Guess thus improving the forecast of surface rainfall. Several experiments are performed using different set of Initial Conditions (ECMWF analyses and warm start or cycling) and a different assimilation strategy (3 h-data assimilation cycle). In addition, 3DVAR (three-dimensional variational) sensitivity tests to outer loops are performed for each of the previous experiment to include the non-linearity in the observation operators. In order to identify the best ICs, statistical indicators such as forecast accuracy, frequency bias, false alarm rate and equitable threat score for the accumulated precipitation are used. The results show that the assimilation of DWR data has a positive impact on the prediction of the heavy rainfall of this event, both assimilating reflectivity and radial velocity, together with conventional observations. Finally, warm start results in more accurate experiments as well as the outer loops strategy.
Upland streamwater nitrate dynamics across decadal to sub-daily timescales: a case study of Plynlimon, Wales
Authors: Halliday S. J. , Skeffington R. A. , Wade A. J. , Neal C. , Reynolds B. , Norris D. , Kirchner J. W.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Streamwater nitrate dynamics in the River Hafren, Plynlimon, mid-Wales were investigated over decadal to sub-daily timescales using a range of statistical techniques. Long-term data were derived from weekly grab samples (1984–2010) and high-frequency data from 7 hourly samples (2007–2009) both measured at two sites: a headwater stream draining moorland and a downstream site below plantation forest. This study is one of the first to analyse upland streamwater nitrate dynamics across such a wide range of timescales and report on the principal mechanisms identified. The data analysis provided no clear evidence that the long term decline in streamwater nitrate concentrations was related to a decline in atmospheric deposition only; nitrogen deposition first increased and then decreased during the study period. Increased streamwater temperature and denitrification may also have contributed to the decline in stream nitrate concentrations, the former through increased N uptake rates and the latter resultant from increased dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Strong seasonal cycles, with concentration minimums in the summer, were driven by seasonal flow minimums and seasonal biological activity enhancing nitrate uptake. Complex diurnal dynamics were observed, with seasonal changes in phase and amplitude of the cycling, and the diurnal dynamics were variable along the river. At the moorland site, a regular daily cycle, with minimum concentrations in the early afternoon, corresponding with peak air temperatures, indicated the importance of instream biological processing. At the downstream site, the diurnal dynamics were a composite signal, resultant from advection and nitrate processing in the soils of the lower catchment. The diurnal streamwater nitrate dynamics were also affected by drought conditions. Enhanced diurnal cycling in spring 2007 was attributed to increased nitrate availability in the post-drought period as well as low flow rates and high temperatures over this period. The combination of high-frequency short-term measurements and long-term monitoring provides a powerful tool for increasing understanding of the controls of element fluxes and concentrations in surface waters.
Quantifying the "Energy-Return-on-Investment" of desert greening in the Sahara/Sahel using a Global Climate Model
Authors: Bowring S. P. K. , Miller L. M. , Ganzeveld L. , Kleidon A.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. "Greening" the world's deserts has been proposed as a way to produce additional food, sequester carbon, and alter the climate of desert regions. Here, we quantify the potential benefits in terms of energetic quantities and compare these to the energetic costs. We then compare these using the metric of Energy-Return-On-Investment (EROI). We apply EROI to a series of global climate model simulations where the arid Sahara/Sahel region is irrigated with various rates of desalinated water to produce biomass. The energy content of this biomass is greater than the energy input rate for a minimum irrigation rate of about 200 mm yr−1 in the winter and 500 mm yr−1 in the summer, thereby yielding an EROI ratio > 1 : 1, expressing energetic sustainability. Quantified annually, the EROI was > 1 : 1 for irrigation rates more than 500 mm yr−1, progressively increasing to a maximum of 1.8 : 1 with 900 mm yr−1, and then decreasing with further increases in the irrigation rate. Including the precipitation feedback arising from changes in moisture-recycling within the study region approximately doubles these EROI ratios. This overall result varies spatially and temporally, so while the entire Sahara/Sahel region is irrigated equally, the western coastal region from June to August had the highest EROI. Other factors would complicate such a large-scale modification of the Earth System, but this sensitivity study concludes that with a required energy input, desert greening may be energetically sustainable. Furthermore, we suggest that this type of EROI-analysis could be applied as a metric to assess a diverse range of human alterations to, and interventions within, the Earth System.
Modelling and monitoring nutrient pollution at the large catchment scale: the implications of sampling regimes on model performance
Authors: Adams R. , Quinn P. F. , Bowes M. J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Daily and sub daily nutrient data are now becoming available to support nutrient research and which will help underpin policy making. It is vital that water quality models that utilize these high-frequency data sets are both appropriate and suitably accurate. Here we address the capability of process based models applied at larger catchment scales (size 100–500 km2) and show what phenomena can be simulated by exploiting high frequency data for larger catchments. Hence we can suggest the dominant processes that underpin the fluxes observed in larger catchment and thus what can be simulated, and to what accuracy. Thus the implications of new sampling frequency and model structure can be addressed and the implication to catchment management is discussed. Here we show a case study using the Frome catchment (414 km2), Dorset UK, which demonstrates: 1. The use of process based model of nutrient flow and nutrient flux (TOPCAT) for use in larger catchments. 2. Simulations of high frequency data at weekly and sub daily time steps, thus reflecting the simulations' strengths and weaknesses. 3. Cumulative distributions of observed and simulated fluxes – as an effective means of communicating the catchment dynamics in larger catchments.
Forecasting droughts in East Africa
Authors: Mwangi E. , Wetterhall F. , Dutra E. , Di Giuseppe F. , Pappenberger F.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The humanitarian crisis caused by the recent droughts (2008–2009 and 2010–2011) in the East African region have illustrated that the ability to make accurate drought predictions with adequate lead time is essential. The use of dynamical model forecasts and drought indices, such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), promises to lead to a better description of drought duration, magnitude and spatial extent. This study evaluates the use of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) products in forecasting droughts in East Africa. ECMWF seasonal precipitation shows significant skill for both rain seasons when evaluated against measurements from the available in-situ stations from East Africa. The October–December rain season has higher skill that the March–May season. ECMWF forecasts add value to the statistical forecasts produced during the Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook Forums (GHACOF) which is the present operational product. Complementing the raw precipitation forecasts with SPI provides additional information on the spatial extend and intensity of the drought event.
REMOTE SENSING CLASSIFICATION METHOD OF WETLAND BASED ON AN IMPROVED SVM
Authors: Lin Y. , Shen M. , Liu B. , Ye Q.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The increase of population and economic development, especial the land use and urbanization bring the wetland resource a huge pressure and a serious consequence of a sharp drop in the recent years. Therefore wetland eco-environment degradation and sustainable development have become the focus of wetland research. Remote sensing technology has become an important means of environment dynamic monitoring. It has practical significance for wetland protection, restoration and sustainable utilization by using remote sensing technology to develop dynamic monitoring research of wetland spatial variation pattern. In view of the complexity of wetland information extraction performance of the SVM classifier, this paper proposes a feature weighted SVM classifier using mixed kernel function. In order to ensure the high-accuracy of the classification result, the feature spaces and the interpretation keys are constructed by the properties of different data. We use the GainRatio (featurei) to build the feature weighted parameter h and test the different kernel functions in SVM. Since the different kernel functions can influence fitting ability and prediction accuracy of SVM and the categories are more easily discriminated by the higher GainRatio, we introduce feature weighted ω calculated by GainRatio to the model. Accordingly we developed an improved model named "Feature weighted & Mixed kernel function SVM" based on a series of experiments. Taking the east beach of Chongming Island in Shanghai as case study, the improved model shows superiority of extensibility and stability in comparison with the classification results of the experiments applying the Minimum Distance classification, the Radial Basis Function of SVM classification and the Polynomial Kernel function of SVM classification with the use of Landsat TM data of 2009. This new model also avoids the weak correlation or uncorrelated characteristics' domination and integrates different information sources effectively to offer better mapping performance and more accurate result. The accuracy resulted from the improved model is better than others according to the Overall Accuracy, Kappa Coefficient, Omission Errors and Commission Errors.
Contribution of insurance data to cost assessment of coastal flood damage to residential buildings: insights gained from Johanna (2008) and Xynthia (2010) storm events
Authors: André C. , Monfort D. , Bouzit M. , Vinchon C.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. There are a number of methodological issues involved in assessing damage caused by natural hazards. The first is the lack of data, due to the rarity of events and the widely different circumstances in which they occur. Thus, historical data, albeit scarce, should not be neglected when seeking to build ex-ante risk management models. This article analyses the input of insurance data for two recent severe coastal storm events, to examine what causal relationships may exist between hazard characteristics and the level of damage incurred by residential buildings. To do so, data was collected at two levels: from lists of about 4000 damage records, 358 loss adjustment reports were consulted, constituting a detailed damage database. The results show that for flooded residential buildings, over 75% of reconstruction costs are associated with interior elements, with damage to structural components remaining very localised and negligible. Further analysis revealed a high scatter between costs and water depth, suggesting that uncertainty remains high in drawing up damage functions with insurance data alone. Due to the paper format of the loss adjustment reports, and the lack of harmonisation between their contents, the collection stage called for a considerable amount of work. For future events, establishing a standardised process for archiving damage information could significantly contribute to the production of such empirical damage functions. Nevertheless, complementary sources of data on hazards and asset vulnerability parameters will definitely still be necessary for damage modelling; multivariate approaches, crossing insurance data with external material, should also be investigated more deeply.