bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Prenatal Care Utilization at a Public Hospital
Authors: Boguslawski Shae M. , Joseph Naima T. , Stanhope Kaitlyn K. , Ti Angeline J. , Geary Franklyn H. , Boulet Sheree L.
Published: June 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to compare rates of prenatal care utilization before and after implementation of a telehealth-supplemented prenatal care model due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Study Design Using electronic medical record data, we identified two cohorts of pregnant persons that initiated prenatal care prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic following the implementation of telehealth (from March 1, 2019 through August 31, 2019, and from March 1, 2020, through August 31, 2020, respectively) at Grady Memorial Hospital. We used Pearson's Chi-square and two-tailed t-tests to compare rates of prenatal care utilization, antenatal screening and immunizations, emergency department and obstetric triage visits, and pregnancy complications for the prepandemic versus pandemic-exposed cohorts.

Results We identified 1,758 pregnant patients; 965 entered prenatal care prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and 793 entered during the pandemic. Patients in the pandemic-exposed cohort were more likely to initiate prenatal care in the first trimester (46.1 vs. 39.0%, p = 0.01), be screened for gestational diabetes (74.4 vs. 67.0%, p <0.001), and receive dating and anatomy ultrasounds (17.8 vs. 13.0%, p = 0.006 and 56.9 vs. 47.3%, p <0.001, respectively) compared with patients in the prepandemic cohort. There was no difference in mean number of prenatal care visits between the two groups (6.9 vs. 7.1, p = 0.18). Approximately 41% of patients in the pandemic-exposed cohort had one or more telehealth visits. The proportion of patients with one or more emergency department visits was higher in the pandemic-exposed cohort than the prepandemic cohort (32.8 vs. 12.3%, p < 0.001). Increases in rates of labor induction were also observed among the pandemic-exposed cohort (47.1 vs. 38.2%, p <0.001).

Conclusion Rates of prenatal care utilization were similar before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, pregnant persons receiving prenatal care during the pandemic entered care earlier and had higher utilization of certain antenatal screening services than those receiving prenatal care prior to the pandemic.

Key Points
Survival and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Patients with Single versus Repeat Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Runs
Authors: Herco Maja , Sloan Patrick , Vogel Adam , Vrecenak Jesse , Najaf Tasnim
Published: June 2022

Objective We describe the survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) patients who received single and repeat extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Study Design This is a retrospective single-center study comparing neurodevelopmental outcomes in CDH patients who were managed without ECMO, who received one ECMO run, and those who received two ECMO runs. Neurodevelopmental testing was performed utilizing the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III.

Results There were 68 neonates identified with CDH from January 2011 to June 2019: 30 did not receive ECMO, 29 received single ECMO run, and 9 received two ECMO runs. Survival of ECMO patients was 50%, with 48% of single run and 57% of repeat run patients surviving to discharge. Second-run ECMO patients had increased median ventilator days (60 vs. 33, p = 0.04) and increased median length of hospital stay (159 vs. 89, p = 0.01). Neurodevelopmental testing via Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III was performed on 74% of survivors at the mean age of 24 months. CDH neonates who underwent ECMO (single or repeat runs) were more likely to have lower cognitive, language, and motor composite scores as compared with CDH neonates who had not required ECMO. Motor composite scores were significantly lower in repeat ECMO run neonates as compared with single ECMO run (72 + 6 vs. 85 + 4, p = 0.0003), but there were no further deficits noted in language or cognitive domains.

Conclusion Survival after a second ECMO run in CDH is possible, although with increased ventilator days and increased length of hospitalization. We also find further deficits in motor outcomes in the second-run ECMO group compared with single-run ECMO. Our findings do not preclude a second ECMO run, but rather inform our counseling to families and reinforce the need for close neurodevelopmental follow-up for these patients.

Key Points
Confirmatory Middle Cerebral Artery Doppler Testing in Alloimmunized Patients with Suspected Fetal Anemia
Authors: Richards Douglas S. , Benson Ashley E. , Einerson Brett D.
Published: June 2022

Objective This article aimed to evaluate pregnancy outcomes when a plan to perform fetal blood sampling (FBS) or delivery was based solely on the first abnormal middle cerebral artery peak velocity (MCA-PV) measurement compared with making a plan after a confirmatory test on a subsequent day.

Study Design We performed a descriptive study of pregnancy outcomes including all patients in a single healthcare system with maternal red cell alloimmunization undergoing ultrasound between 2005 and 2017 who had at least one MCA-PV>1.5 multiples of the median (MoM). We excluded patients with any sign of hydrops prior to the index visit or abnormal MCA-PV at>35 weeks. The first exam with a MCA-PV>1.5 MoM was deemed the index visit.

Results Fifty patients were identified. Twenty-one patients underwent intervention (FBS or delivery) based on the first abnormal MCA-PV. Of those, 9 had moderate or severe anemia (positive predictive value [PPV]: 43%), while 12 had mild or no anemia. The other 29 patients underwent a confirmatory MCA test between 2 and 8 days later. Of these, 13 patients had an abnormal confirmatory test and 11 of these underwent FBS and 7 had moderate or severe anemia (PPV: 54%). Sixteen patients undergoing confirmatory MCA Doppler had a normal test on repeat and did not undergo FBS. Of those, none developed moderate or severe anemia.

Conclusion A substantial number of patients (55%) had normal MCA-PV testing on repeat, allowing avoidance of invasive testing. Deferring FBS until the abnormal MCA-PV was confirmed was not associated with undetected moderate or severe anemia.

Key Points
Survey of Obstetric Providers to Assess the Knowledge and Management of a Reported Penicillin Allergy in Pregnant Women
Authors: Cate Jennifer J. M. , Burn Martina , Kwah Jason , Liao Jane , Illuzzi Jessica , Reddy Uma , Son Moeun
Published: June 2022

Objective Penicillin allergy is the most commonly reported drug allergy in the United States; however, less than 10% of individuals labeled with a penicillin allergy are truly allergic. A reported penicillin allergy in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Despite recommendations for penicillin allergy testing in pregnancy, limited literature regarding obstetric providers' comfort and knowledge in addressing penicillin allergy and referral patterns exists. The objective of this study is to survey obstetric providers to assess their clinical practice patterns and baseline penicillin allergy knowledge, identify potential knowledge gaps in the management of pregnant patients with reported penicillin allergy, and measure the impact of an educational intervention on provider knowledge and practice patterns.

Study Design An anonymous, electronic 23-question survey administered to all obstetric providers at a single academic medical center assessed obstetric provider characteristics, self-reported antibiotic practice patterns, and antibiotic allergy knowledge before (June 19, 2020) and after (September 16, 2020) a penicillin allergy educational intervention, which consisted of multiple small-group educational sessions and a culminating departmental educational session. Discrete knowledge comparison by provider type and experience level of pre- and postintervention was performed using chi-square tests.

Results Of 277 obstetric providers invited, 124 (45%) responded preintervention and 62 (22%) postintervention. In total, 27% correctly identified the percentage of patients labeled penicillin allergic who would tolerate penicillins, 45% identified cephalosporin cross-reactivity, 59% understood penicillin allergies can wane, and 54% identified penicillin skin testing (PST) as a valid allergy verification tool. Among 48 respondents who attended educational sessions and responded postintervention, their knowledge of penicillin allergy waning (79% preeducation vs. 98% posteducation, p < 0.01) and PST as a valid tool for penicillin allergy verification (50% preeducation vs. 83% posteducation, p < 0.01) improved.

Conclusion Knowledge gaps related to penicillin allergy exist among obstetric providers. Educational initiatives may improve provider knowledge, help in the identification of patients requiring penicillin allergy evaluation, and reduce referral barriers.

Key Points
Segregation-induced Ge precipitation in Ge2Sb2Te5 and N-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 line cells
Authors: Xu Qiyun , Lian Enkui , Yeoh Phoebe , Skowronski Marek
Published: June 2022

Electromigration in Ge2Sb2Te5 and N-doped Ge2Sb2Te5 line cell structures has been studied by mapping out electric field/current-induced composition changes using x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. Both materials exhibit pronounced segregation in a molten state, with Te moving toward the anode and Ge and Sb toward the cathode. The width of the transition region from a composition of over 90% Te to over 90% Ge–Sb was 500 nm for an electric field of 1.1 × 107 V/m. In the Ge–Sb-rich end of the cell, Ge precipitates out of the melt, forming almost pure Ge inclusions with a size up to 100 nm. The Ge–Sb–Te segregation and precipitation do not appear to be affected by doping with nitrogen.
Drag reduction of high-speed trains via low-density gas injection
Authors: Liang Xifeng , Luo Zhangjun , Li Xiaobai , Xiong Xiaohui , Zhang Xin
Published: June 2022

Aerodynamic drag reduction is crucial for the development of high-speed trains. This study considers the principle of supercavitation torpedo drag reduction and conducts wind tunnel tests and improved delayed detached eddy simulation numerical simulations to develop a drag reduction technique using low-density gas injection on the surface of a high-speed train. Models for jetting gases with different densities on the surface of the high-speed train were employed, and the aerodynamic drag, frictional resistance, pressure resistance, and flow field structure were compared and analyzed. The results demonstrated that jetting of low-density gas reduced the drag of the train, whereas air and high-density gas increased the drag. The jetting gas reduced the frictional resistance of the train to a certain extent and low-density gas injection significantly reduced the frictional resistance. However, the pressure resistance coefficient increased with an increase in the density of the jetting gas, resulting in increased drag. The density of the gas medium in the boundary layer significantly decreased when low-density gas was jetted and the effect of reducing the friction resistance was superior. The pressure resistance between the front and rear of the jet port increased with an increase in the gas density, thereby increasing the drag on the train.
Do we DARE? Improving digital ano-rectal examination in men who have sex with men living with HIV: a quality improvement initiative
Authors: Woodward Shannon C. , Tyson Alexandra H. , Martin Sarah J.
Published: June 2022

Men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV are at increased risk of anal cancer and annual screening via digital ano-rectal examination (DARE) is recommended. Baseline audit (Cycle 1) was undertaken of the medical records of MSM living with HIV aged ≥50 years (n = 85) from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018, in line with guidelines at the time. Data collection included whether DARE was discussed and offered, and whether DARE was accepted or declined. We provided staff training and altered clinic proformas aiming to increase DARE. Audit Cycle 2 (Cycle 2) was undertaken of eligible MSM (n = 86) who attended between 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2020. DARE frequency increased from 4.7% in Cycle 1 to 41.8% in Cycle 2 (P < 0.001) and discussion and offer of DARE increased from 8% to 64% in Cycle 2 (P < 0.001).
High exposure of global tree diversity to human pressure
Authors: Guo Wen-Yong , Serra-Diaz Josep M. , Schrodt Franziska , Eiserhardt Wolf L. , Maitner Brian S. , Merow Cory , Violle Cyrille , Anand Madhur , Belluau Michaël , Bruun Hans Henrik , Byun Chaeho , Catford Jane A. , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. , Chacón-Madrigal Eduardo , Ciccarelli Daniela , Cornelissen J. Hans C. , Dang-Le Anh Tuan , de Frutos Angel , Dias Arildo S. , Giroldo Aelton B. , Guo Kun , Gutiérrez Alvaro G. , Hattingh Wesley , He Tianhua , Hietz Peter , Hough-Snee Nate , Jansen Steven , Kattge Jens , Klein Tamir , Komac Benjamin , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Kramer Koen , Lavorel Sandra , Lusk Christopher H. , Martin Adam R. , Mencuccini Maurizio , Michaletz Sean T. , Minden Vanessa , Mori Akira S. , Niinemets Ülo , Onoda Yusuke , Peñuelas Josep , Pillar Valério D. , Pisek Jan , Robroek Bjorn J. M. , Schamp Brandon , Slot Martijn , Sosinski Ênio Egon , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Thiffault Nelson , van Bodegom Peter , van der Plas Fons , Wright Ian J. , Xu Wu-Bing , Zheng Jingming , Enquist Brian J. , Svenning Jens-Christian
Published: June 2022

Safeguarding Earth’s tree diversity is a conservation priority due to the importance of trees for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services such as carbon sequestration. Here, we improve the foundation for effective conservation of global tree diversity by analyzing a recently developed database of tree species covering 46,752 species. We quantify range protection and anthropogenic pressures for each species and develop conservation priorities across taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity dimensions. We also assess the effectiveness of several influential proposed conservation prioritization frameworks to protect the top 17% and top 50% of tree priority areas. We find that an average of 50.2% of a tree species’ range occurs in 110-km grid cells without any protected areas (PAs), with 6,377 small-range tree species fully unprotected, and that 83% of tree species experience nonnegligible human pressure across their range on average. Protecting high-priority areas for the top 17% and 50% priority thresholds would increase the average protected proportion of each tree species’ range to 65.5% and 82.6%, respectively, leaving many fewer species (2,151 and 2,010) completely unprotected. The priority areas identified for trees match well to the Global 200 Ecoregions framework, revealing that priority areas for trees would in large part also optimize protection for terrestrial biodiversity overall. Based on range estimates for >46,000 tree species, our findings show that a large proportion of tree species receive limited protection by current PAs and are under substantial human pressure. Improved protection of biodiversity overall would also strongly benefit global tree diversity.
Literature text as world reversing
Authors: Li Fang , Kellogg David
Published: June 2022

Because translators begin where authors end – with a completed text – their task may be conceptualized as a reverse worlding, or ascent from actual text to imaginary context. This article argues that the same is true, mutatis mutandis, for all verbal art, and that within verbal art, it is truer of the texts that Hasan (1985, 101) refers to as ‘literature text’ and less so of those she calls ‘literary text’ that have some extra-artistic purpose. We demonstrate this empirically using an extreme example, the lipogrammatic French novel La disparition (Perec 1969) and its English translation A Void (Perec 2008). We also argue for a certain chastity in theory – a theory of translation for verbal art which excludes both the nonverbal and texts that are not purposefully artistic. Moreover, we say that there needs to be a corresponding chastity in practice – a theory of world inversion that rests not on a political program, but rather on a scientific understanding of the world and the proper place of words within it.
The Doppelgänger Phenomenon and Death: A Peculiar Case of Homicide by a Subject with First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Barbieri Cristiano , Rocca Gabriele , Bosco Caterina , Tattoli Lucia , Grattagliano Ignazio , Di Vella Giancarlo
Published: June 2022

The Doppelgänger phenomenon refers to the experience of a direct encounter with one’s self, characteriswed by: (i) the perception of a figure with one’s own identical physical features; or (ii) the apprehension that the perceived figure shares the same personality and identity. The Doppelgänger does not only look like the same person, it is his/her double. The perceptual element is usually a hallucination, although occasionally a false perception of an actual figure may be involved. This phenomenon has been described in individuals suffering from overwhelming fear, severe anxiety or intoxication, epilepsy, as well as in the sleep-wakefulness transition. It has also been reported in major psychoses. The fear of imminent death often precedes the Doppelgänger experience. This report presents the case of a 30-year-old man, Mr. Y, who was stabbed to death by Mr. X, his “double”. The aggressor and his victim, although not related, were truly doubles; remarkably, they shared the same name and surname, age, professional activity and place of work. Moreover, they attended the same sports center but barely knew each other. The forensic psychiatric evaluations in Mr. X, subsequent to the crime committed, were suggestive of a psychotic condition. This case is unique in the scientific literature. In the most serious psychotic forms, the issue of the “double” calls into question not only the dissociative processes involved in the etiopathogenesis of the disorder, but also bio-psycho-social elements, as well as personal data in this case, which made the victim and the aggressor “identical”. In the context of psychopathological functioning, the delusional mood (Wahnstimmung) that precedes the development of delirium is a sort of gateway to an impending psychotic illness, involving delusional awareness or mood (atmosphere). In psychosis, splitting is the main issue and this influence is seen as an evil, foreign, apocalyptic and unknown side no longer recognised as belonging to the self even in a physical sense. In such a situation, it is felt that the only way to survive is by suppressing one’s double as a defense against disorganisation of the self. Key PointsPeople suffering from Delusional Misidentification Syndromes constitute a sub-category of psychiatric patients who may become verbally threatening and violent towards others.“Autoscopy” is a term used for the hallucination of “seeing one’s own body at a distance” which can occur as a symptom of major psychoses such as in schizophrenia, but also in migraine and epilepsy.Understanding the role of the “Doppelgänger phenomenon” in the progression to severely violent acts may help to elucidate factors with a potential significance in the causation of dangerous behaviours.
Final report on the CCPR Key Comparison CCPR-K3.2014 Luminous Intensity
Authors: Gaertner Arnold A , Côté Éric , Campos Joaquin , Obein Gaël , Blattner Peter , Schafer Reto , Hui Liu , Xiaomei Jiang , Miller Cameron , Zong Yuqin , Atkinson Errol , Thorvaldson Erik , Kinoshita Kenichi , Sieberhagen Rheinhardt , Rabe Irma , Goodman Teresa , Scott Barry , Sperling Armin , Lindner Detlef , Khlevnoy Boris , Ivashin Evgeniy
Published: June 2022

Main text

The metrological equivalence of national measurement standards in the field of photometry and radiometry is determined by a set of key comparisons chosen and organised by the Consultative Committee of Photometry and Radiometry (CCPR) of the Comité international des poids et mesures (CIPM), working closely with the Regional Metrology Organisations (RMOs). In September 2009 the CCPR decided that a second round of the key comparison K3 Luminous Intensity be commenced. The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) was chosen to pilot this comparison. A total of 12 participants were selected from the three RMO group members: EURAMET&COOMET (6: IO-CSIC, LNE-CNAM, METAS, NPL, PTB, VNIIOFI), APMP&AFRIMETS (4: NMISA, NIM, NMIA, NMIJ), and SIM (2: NIST, NRC). The comparison was organised as a star comparison (NMI-Pilot-NMI) using incandescent standard lamps supplied by each NMI (National Metrology Institute) as the travelling comparison artifact. This report describes the comparison organisation (Section 2), the measurement methods and uncertainties achieved at all the participants and at the pilot (Sections 3 and 4), and the method for analysis and the results of the comparison according to this method (Section 4). It includes a comparison of the results of this comparison with the 1999 first round key comparison (Section 5). Section 6 presents a summary of the comparison.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Supplementary comparison CCRI(I)-S3 of standards for absorbed dose to water in 60Co gamma radiation at radiation processing dose levels
Authors: McEwen M R , Sharpe P H G , Pazos I M , Miller A , Pawlak E , Ninlaphruk S , Y Zhang , Kessler C
Published: June 2022

Main text

A supplementary comparison of standards for absorbed dose to water in 60Co fields used for calibrations at radiation processing dose levels has been completed. Alanine dosimeters from the NIST and the NPL were used as transfer dosimeters and all participant irradiations were carried out in self-shielded irradiators. Irradiations were also carried out at the BIPM to allow direct comparison of dose ratios with the Key Comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K4. No significant difference was seen between the dose ratios obtained using the NPL and NIST alanine systems, no significant impact of mailing on dosimeter response was noted, and the adopted protocol limited any dose rate effects to the level of Type A uncertainties. The national standards of the participants are in agreement within the standard uncertainties, which are in the range from 1 to 2 parts in 102.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
High-density stretchable microelectrode array based on multilayer serpentine interconnections
Authors: Xiang Zehua , Wang Haobin , Wan Ji , Miao Liming , Xu Chen , Zhao Pengcheng , Guo Hang , Zhang Haixia , Han Mengdi
Published: June 2022

Microelectrode array (MEA) is a powerful tool for recording electrophysiological signals and studying the electrophysiological features of nerve, retina, and cardiomyocytes. Stretchable electrodes can form conformal contact with dynamic biological tissues/organs (e.g. heart) to enhance the coupling efficiency in electrophysiological measurements. However, MEAs based on conventional materials require serpentine interconnections to enable stretchability. A large number of serpentine interconnects take up spaces and hinder the improvement of spatial resolution. Here, we introduce a multilayer design strategy that yields a stretchable MEA with spatial density of 7.3 sites mm−2 and biaxial stretchability of 30%. The serpentine interconnects of each layer overlap vertically to reduce the area of the wires used for connection. In vitro validation in phosphate buffered saline and ex vivo test on perfused mouse heart show a 100% yield rate of the multilayer stretchable MEA, with capabilities in spatiotemporal mapping of electrophysiological signals at high spatial resolution.
Spectral broadening for pulse compression using liquid alcohols
Authors: Stephen Jacob A , Arachchige Chathurangani Jayalath , Hammond T J
Published: June 2022

Although gases, and more recently solids, have been used to create few-cycle pulses, we explore using liquid alcohols for spectral broadening and femtosecond pulse compression. By using a series of 1 cm cuvettes filled with 1-decanol, we have compressed a pulse from 83.6 fs down to 31.3 fs with a spectrum capable of supporting 25 fs pulses without filamentation. We measure the nonlinear index of refraction for various liquids, measuring n
2 = (6.8 ± 0.5) × 10−20 m2 W−1 for 1-decanol. We demonstrate liquids to be a compact, simple, versatile, and cost-effective material to obtain broad spectra.
Blink duration is increased in concussed youth athletes: a validity study using eye tracking in male youth and adult athletes of selected contact sports
Authors: Snegireva Nadja , Derman Wayne , Patricios Jon , Welman Karen
Published: June 2022

Objective. Diagnosing a sports-related concussion (SRC) remains challenging, and research into diagnostic tools is limited. This study investigated whether selected eye tracking variables would be a valid tool to diagnose and monitor SRC in adult and youth participants in selected contact sports, such as Rugby Union (rugby) and football (soccer). Methods. This prospective cohort study, with 70 concussed and 92 non-concussed adult and youth athletes, assessed the validity of five previously selected eye tracking variables for SRC diagnostics and management. The performance between concussed and age-matched control (non-concussed) athletes, as well as between three successive testing sessions in the concussed athletes were compared. Self-paced saccade count in adult group; blink duration in the memory-guided saccade and sinusoidal smooth pursuit tasks, proportion of antisaccade errors, and gain of diagonal smooth pursuit in the youth group were assessed. Results. The youth concussed group had higher blink duration in the fast memory-guided saccades task (p = 0.001, η
2 = 0.17) and a tendency for higher blink duration in the sinusoidal smooth pursuit task (p = 0.016, η
2 = 0.06) compared to the youth control group. In both tasks the blink duration in the concussed youth group decreased from session 1 to session 2 by 24% and 18%, accordingly, although statistical significance was not reached. The concussed adult group demonstrated a lower number of self-paced saccades compared to controls (p = 0.05, η
2 = 0.09), which gradually increased, with the largest difference between session 1 and session 3 (p = 0.02). Conclusions. Blink duration in youth athletes holds promise as a valid metric for concussion diagnostics and monitoring. It is recommended to focus future studies on comparing eye tracking performance within the same concussed athletes over time rather than comparing them to healthy controls.
Blind source separation of inspiration and expiration in respiratory sEMG signals
Authors: Sauer Julia , Streppel Merle , Carbon Niklas M , Petersen Eike , Rostalski Philipp
Published: June 2022

Objective. Surface electromyography (sEMG) is a noninvasive option for monitoring respiratory effort in ventilated patients. However, respiratory sEMG signals are affected by crosstalk and cardiac activity. This work addresses the blind source separation (BSS) of inspiratory and expiratory electrical activity in single- or two-channel recordings. The main contribution of the presented methodology is its applicability to the addressed muscles and the number of available channels. Approach. We propose a two-step procedure consisting of a single-channel cardiac artifact removal algorithm, followed by a single- or multi-channel BSS stage. First, cardiac components are removed in the wavelet domain. Subsequently, a nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm is applied to the envelopes of the resulting wavelet bands. The NMF is initialized based on simultaneous standard pneumatic measurements of the ventilated patient. Main results. The proposed estimation scheme is applied to twelve clinical datasets and simulated sEMG signals of the respiratory system. The results on the clinical datasets are validated based on expert annotations using invasive pneumatic measurements. In the simulation, three measures evaluate the separation success: The distortion and the correlation to the known ground truth and the inspiratory-to-expiratory signal power ratio. We find an improvement across all SNRs, recruitment patterns, and channel configurations. Moreover, our results indicate that the initialization strategy replaces the manual matching of sources after the BSS. Significance. The proposed separation algorithm facilitates the interpretation of respiratory sEMG signals. In crosstalk affected measurements, the developed method may help clinicians distinguish between inspiratory effort and other muscle activities using only noninvasive measurements.
Nonlinear growth of magnetic islands by passing fast ions in NSTX
Authors: Yang J , Fredrickson E D , Podestà M , Poli F M
Published: June 2022

The growth of magnetic islands in NSTX is modeled successfully, with the consideration of passing fast ions. It is shown that a good quantitative agreement between simulation and experimental measurement can be achieved when the uncompensated cross-field current induced by passing fast ions is included in the island growth model. The fast ion parameters, along with other equilibrium parameters, are obtained self-consistently using the TRANSP code with the assumptions of the ‘kick’ model (Podestà et al 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
59 095008). The results show that fast ions can contribute to overcoming the stabilizing effect of polarization current for magnetic island growth.
Electron-cyclotron resonance heating and current drive source for flux-driven gyrokinetic simulations of tokamaks
Authors: Donnel P , Fontana J-B , Cazabonne J , Villard L , Brunner S , Coda S , Decker J , Peysson Y
Published: June 2022

Electromagnetic waves that resonate with the cyclotron motion of electrons in a magnetized plasma can efficiently transfer their momentum and energy to the plasma. This is routinely used to heat or drive current in tokamak plasmas. The impact of this localized source of momentum and energy on turbulence and the retro-action of turbulence on the resonant interaction between the electromagnetic wave and the plasma has been scarcely studied due to the difficulty in self-consistently simulating the two physical mechanisms. In this paper, a realistic source representing electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and electron-cyclotron current drive (ECCD) is derived and implemented in a gyrokinetic code. The implementation of this realistic source in any existing global gyrokinetic code would enable the self-consistent study of turbulence in the presence of ECRH/ECCD using this code. The analytical source derived in this paper is valid for a beam propagating in the equatorial plane of an axisymmetric tokamak plasma. The realistic ECRH/ECCD source is implemented in the global gyrokinetic code ORB5 and successfully benchmarked against analytical theory (Albajar et al 2006 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
49 15–29) and the C3PO/LUKE suite of codes (Peysson et al 2011 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
53 124028), which is routinely used to study ECRH/ECCD deposition.
Comparative study of energy harvesting performance of magnetoelectric composite-based piezoelectric beams subject to varying magnetic field
Authors: Ren Zhuang , Tang Lihua , Zhao Jiucheng , Zhang Shizhong , Liu Changyi , Zhao Hongwei
Published: June 2022

Magnetostrictive materials with good mechanical properties can effectively convert the alternating magnetic energy in the environment into mechanical vibrations via the magnetostriction effect. Few studies exist on the working mechanism and the effect on the performance of magnetoelectric (ME) composite components in complex magnetic field environments. This work first investigated the magnetoelectric conversion process of two types of ME composite components under the action of DC magnetic field alone and the DC–AC coupled magnetic field using COMSOL simulation. When coupled with AC magnetic field, the DC bias magnetic field can enhance the magnetization by AC field for the Galfenol alloy component and negate the magnetization for the nickel component. Then, two types of ME composite components made from Galfenol alloy and nickel bonded with piezoelectric transducer are prototyped and tested for energy harvesting. The experimental results show that, under a harmonic excitation of 3 Oe magnetic field, the DC bias magnetic field of 120 Oe can increase the open-circuit voltage of the Galfenol alloy based harvester from 0.495 V to 10.68 V, and the output power from 1.6 μW to 42 μW by 2525% with a matched external resistance of 50 kΩ. Under the same amplitude of AC magnetic field, the DC bias magnetic field increases the open-circuit voltage of the nickel based harvester from 0.117 V to 0.837 V, and the output power from 2.6 μW to 23 μW by 784.6% with a matched resistance of 1000 kΩ. The findings of this work reveal the effect of the coupled magnetic field for the magnetostriction for different magnetostrictive materials and provide the guideline for the design of magnet electric energy harvesters.
Entropic stochastic resonance and super-harmonic stochastic resonance in a dichotomous fluctuating potential
Authors: Yang Jingwei , Chang Boyuan , Zhang Lu
Published: June 2022

When a Brownian particle moves in a confined space, the boundaries of the confined space can form an entropic barrier and thus induce the classical entropic stochastic resonance (ESR) phenomenon. This paper introduces a dichotomous fluctuating potential into the classical ESR model and studies the dynamics and ESR phenomena of the confined particle. It is shown that the amplitude of each harmonic component of both the horizontal and vertical displacements of the confined particle appears in various types of ESR phenomena, such as single-peak ESR, double-peak ESR, or even multi-peak ESR. This multi-peak ESR phenomenon is caused when the different dynamical states of the confined particle (under the joint action of the energy and entropy potentials) reach the optimal equilibrium. The results of this paper will help to understand the mechanism of stochastic dynamics of particles in confined spaces.
Optical and radiation shielding features of NiO-CdO-BaO borosilicate glasses
Authors: Sayyed M I , Elmosalami T A , Abdo M A , Sadeq M S
Published: June 2022

We report on the optical and radiation shielding features of NiO-CdO-BaO borosilicate glasses in the UV–vis-NIR range. The presence of Ni2+ cations in the octahedral site is emphasized by the absorption band at about 434–462 nm originating from 3A2g(F) → 3T1g(P) electronic transitions in the visible range. Also, this absorption band makes the present glass samples good candidates for optical filter applications within the visible range. Moreover, the most remarkable absorption band at about 966–986 nm due to Ni2+ cations in the tetrahedral site; 3T1(F) → 3A2(F) electronic transitions. The noticed increase in this absorption band reflects the increased heat-absorbing ability of the present glasses with further NiO doping. This result makes the present glass samples possible for solar thermal collectors. The reduction of the optical band gap (Eg) values from 3.16 to 2.95 eV can be explained by the creation of nonbridging oxygens produced by the existence of Ni2+ cations in the octahedral site. The electronic polarizability (

α

0

−
2

) and optical basicity (

˄

th

) values showed a slight increase with a further increase in the NiO: CdO ratio. The values of metallization criterion (M) decreased from 0.397 to 0.384 with more concentrations of NiO which agrees with the obtained data for

E

g

.

The third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ
(3)) and nonlinear refractive index (n
2) values introduced an increment behavior with more concentrations of NiO. This behavior can be justified by the decreasing behavior of

E

g

.

On the other hand, our glass samples are good attenuators against the low energy radiation, since the linear attenuation coefficient is high (from 0.449 to 0.442 cm−1) at 0.284 MeV.
Direct fast heating efficiency of a counter-imploded core plasma employing a laser for fast ignition experiments (LFEX)
Authors: Kitagawa Yoneyoshi , Mori Yoshitaka , Ishii Katsuhiro , Hanayama Ryohei , Okihara Shinichiro , Arikawa Yasunobu , Abe Yuki , Miura Eisuke , Ozaki Tetsuo , Komeda Osamu , Suto Hiroyuki , Umetani Yusuke , Sunahra Atsushi , Johzaki Tomoyuki , Sakagami Hitoshi , Iwamoto Akifumi , Sentoku Yasuhiko , Nakajima Nozomi , Sakata Shohei , Matsuo Kazuki , Mirfayzi Reza S. , Kawanaka Junji , Fujiokua Shinsuke , Tsubakimoto Koji , Shigemori Keisuke , Yamanoi Kohei , Yogo Akifumi , Nakao Ayami , Asano Masatada , Shiraga Hiroyuki , Motohiro Tomoyoshi , Hioki Tatsumi , Azuma Hirozumi
Published: June 2022

Fast heating efficiency when a pre-imploded core is directly heated with an ultraintense laser (heating laser) was investigated. ‘Direct heating’ means that a heating laser hits a pre-imploded core without applying either a laser guiding cone or an external field. The efficiency, η, is defined as the increase in the internal core energy divided by the energy of the heating laser. Six beams (output of 1.6 kJ) from the GEKKO XII (GXII) green laser system at the Institute of Laser Engineering (ILE), Osaka University were applied to implode a spherical deuterated polystyrene (CD) shell target to form a dense core. The DD-reacted protons and the core x-ray emissions showed a core density of 2.8 ± 0.7 g cm−3, or 2.6 times the solid density. Furthermore, DD-reacted thermal neutrons were utilized to estimate the core temperature between 600 and 750 eV. Thereafter, the core was directly heated by a laser for fast-ignition experiments (LFEX, an extremely energetic ultrashort pulse laser) at ILE with its axis lying along or perpendicular to the GXII bundle axis, respectively. The former and latter laser configurations were termed ‘axial’ and ‘transverse modes’, respectively. The η was estimated from three independent methods: (1) the core x-ray emission, (2) the thermal neutron yield, and (3) the runaway hot electron spectra. For the axial mode, 0.8%

<

η

<

2.1% at low power (low LFEX energy) and 0.4%

<

η

<

2.5% at high power (high LFEX energy). For the transverse mode, 2.6%

<

η

<

7% at low power and 1.5%

<

η

<

7.7% at high power. Their efficiencies were compared with that in the uniform implosion mode using 12 GXII beams, 6%

<

η

<

12%, which appeared near to the η for the transverse mode, except that the error bar is very large.
Climate change-induced peatland drying in Southeast Asia
Authors: Dadap Nathan C , Cobb Alexander R , Hoyt Alison M , Harvey Charles F , Feldman Andrew F , Im Eun-Soon , Konings Alexandra G
Published: June 2022

When organic peat soils are sufficiently dry, they become flammable. In Southeast Asian peatlands, widespread deforestation and associated drainage create dry conditions that, when coupled with El Niño-driven drought, result in catastrophic fire events that release large amounts of carbon and deadly smoke to the atmosphere. While the effects of anthropogenic degradation on peat moisture and fire risk have been extensively demonstrated, climate change impacts to peat flammability are poorly understood. These impacts are likely to be mediated primarily through changes in soil moisture. Here, we used neural networks (trained on data from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite) to model soil moisture as a function of climate, degradation, and location. The neural networks were forced with regional climate model projections for 1985–2005 and 2040–2060 climate under RCP8.5 forcing to predict changes in soil moisture. We find that reduced precipitation and increased evaporative demand will lead to median soil moisture decreases about half as strong as those observed during recent El Niño droughts in 2015 and 2019. Based on previous studies, such reductions may be expected to accelerate peat carbon emissions. Our results also suggest that soil moisture in degraded areas with less tree cover may be more sensitive to climate change than in other land use types, motivating urgent peatland restoration. Climate change may play an important role in future soil moisture regimes and by extension, future peat fire in Southeast Asian peatlands.
Quantitatively improved finite-size criteria for spectral gaps
Authors: Lemm Marius , Xiang David
Published: June 2022

Finite-size criteria have emerged as an effective tool for deriving spectral gaps in higher-dimensional frustration-free quantum spin systems. We quantitatively improve the existing finite-size criteria by introducing a novel subsystem weighting scheme. The approach applies to Euclidean lattices of any dimension, the honeycomb lattice, and the triangular lattice.
Effect of Temperature and Drying Time on Chemical, physical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Dry Winged Beans
Authors: Asgar Ali , Musaddad Darkam , Rahayu ST , Levianny Poetry S.
Published: June 2022

Indigenous vegetables are part of Indonesia's biodiversity. Indonesia is among the three mega biodiversity after Brazil and Madagascar. Until now, the attention to indigenous vegetables is still lacking. The challenge is how to raise the potential of indigenous vegetables to compete with main vegetables and how to develop them. Related to the increasing need for food, efforts are needed to increase the development of indigenous vegetables, especially winged bean. For its development, post-harvest handling is required, one of which is drying. The problem faced was how the effect of temperature and drying time on the chemical, physical and organoleptic characterustucs of dry winged bean. Factorial randomized block design was used in the study. Research objected was to know effect of temperature and drying time on quality of chemical (vitamin C, ash, moisture content, protein, carbohydrate, fat, crude fiber), physical (rendemen) and organoleptic (color, taste, aroma, crispiness, appearance) of dried winged beans. The first factor was the drying temperature consisting of : 50°C and 60°C. Second factor was drying time, namely : 20 hours, 24 hours and 28 hours. The results showed that the interaction between temperature and drying time affected on vitamin C and yield. The best characteristic of dry winged bean was 60°C for 20 hours. As a suggestion: it was necessary to look for packaging that can maintain quality and shelf life.
Foam-mat drying of potato powder: effect of foaming agents and preservatives agents on the physical attributes
Authors: Darniadi S , Amiarsi D , Hidayat T , Setyadjit
Published: June 2022

Foam-mat drying is known for drying aqueous or semi-aqueous food products. This study aimed to investigate the influence of foaming agents and preservatives on the physical attributes of foam-mat dried potato powder. The foaming agents used were whey protein isolate/WPI (5% w/w) and glycerol monostearate/GMS (5% w/w), while the preservatives agents were ascorbic acid (25, 50, 100 ppm) and sodium metabisulfite (25, 50, 100 ppm). The foaming agents and preservative agents were added to the potato slurry and were whipped using a food mixer for 10 min (velocity= 100 rpm). The foamed potato was then removed to a stainless steel tray and oven-dried at 60 °rc for 6 h. The results showed that the yield of 55-60%, moisture content of 3.5-8%, L*value/lightness of 85-92, a* value/redness of – 2.7 to - 0.5, and b* value/yellowness of 20-32. Foam-mat drying is a feasible method for producing potato powder and gives products retaining colour properties of the original potato slurry.
Performance Tests of Loadcell as Real-Time Moisture Content Sensor: Case Study Moringa Oleifera Leaves Drying
Authors: Pramono E K , Taufan A , Novrinaldi  , Putra S A , Karim M A , Haryanto A , Kuala S I
Published: June 2022

Drying agricultural products with solar power to maintain quality and extend the shelf life of agricultural products has been done by many farmers because it is easy and cheap to do. However, the availability of solar heat may be different every day and is greatly influenced by weather conditions causing different drying times for the product to reach the desired moisture content. This research aimed to develop a real-time water content measurement system during drying process. Measurement of water content was carried out using a weight measurement approach by a loadcell sensor. Data processing was carried out using the internet of things (IoT) -based digital data processor so that the measurement results could be seen remotely. Tests were carried out by drying the moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves for 6 hours. A comparison measurement of water content was also done every hour by a gravimetric method using Halogen moisture meter Toledo Metler HB43-S. The results showed a good match between these two measurements in which the experiment resulted in R2 and MAE of 0.9815 and 3.78%, respectively. The results indicate this design can be used as a real-time water content measurement instrument with considerable results.
Ethylene Adsorption on Activated Carbon Paper Liner: A Model Kinetic Study
Authors: Qanytah  , Syamsu K , Fahma F , Pari G
Published: June 2022

The ability of activated carbon as an adsorber is depended on activating agent used for the activation process. An industrial application of the ethylene adsorption process as well as the design of the necessary equipment requires an accurate model to determine the effect of various factors on the efficiency of the process. The model is needed to predict the efficient activating agent to be applied in carbon activation. One ml of gas containing 200 ppm ethylene was injected into gas-tight jars, to which 4 sheets of nanopore activated carbon paper were placed. The ethylene concentration was measured every 5 minutes until 90 minutes using gas chromatography. The concentration of ethylene absorbed by the nanopore activated carbon paper, then calculated to construct a kinetics model of absorption. Data were analyzed using 4 kinetics models: nonlinear pseudo-first-order, nonlinear pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and Avrami kinetic models. The best adsorption kinetics model that described ethylene adsorption kinetics by nanopore activated carbon paper was the nonlinear pseudo-first-order, with equation model: qt = 1.35734 (1-exp0.15312 t). The compiled model has a match with R2 = 0.9981. The adsorption mechanisms and kinetics aspects was important on the use of adsorbents to remove ethylene in packaging and storage.
Utilization of Porang Flour for Producing Tapioca Based Gluten-Free Noodles and Characteristics of the Product
Authors: Kamsiati E , Widowati S , Herawati H
Published: June 2022

Porang flour is an intermediate product of porang that has fairly high glucomannan content. Glucomannan was widely used as a gelling agent and stabilizer in food products. Glutenfree noodles were developed to fulfill the needs of healthy and specialty food segments. Generally, the gluten-free noodle uses local flour or starch as raw material. The challenge in the development of gluten-free noodles is the absence of gluten that affects the product texture. This study aims to determine the effect of porang flour on gluten-free noodles made from tapioca. This study was arranged in a completely randomized design with a proportion of konjac flour as the treatment. The treatments consist of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% porang flour compared to the control. The results showed that the proportion of porang flour had a significant effect on the texture and proximate content of the noodles. Noodles with the best texture were obtained using porang flour at 15%. It had a hardness of 0.824 N; Cohesiveness 0.704; Gumminess 0,411 N; Chewiness 0.168 mJ. That noodles had 7.165% moisture content ; 0.655% ash; 0.185% fat; 0.925% protein; 91.070% carbohydrates and 369.645% energy .[D4]