bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Frameworks and their Diverse Functional Roles in Catalysis
Authors: Tan Ying Chuan , Zeng Hua Chun
Published: May 2019

In recent years, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained tremendous attention as an emerging class of functional materials for the field of heterogeneous catalysis. In particular, low‐dimensionality of these material‐platforms can be singled out as an important structural parameter that endows unique or new functionalities and thus enables improved catalytic performance. Herein, firstly, this Review summarizes important development of the synthetic preparation strategies of low‐dimensional MOFs and their related composites. Next, effects of dimensionality on different catalytic roles of MOF platforms are highlighted and discussed. For instance, MOFs have been employed directly as heterogeneous catalysts, in which catalytic reactions take place within their pristine or deliberately created pores. Exploiting on the ordered pore structures, MOFs have also been integrated into reactor‐like catalysts to act as a membrane for selective catalysis. MOFs have also demonstrated to be unique support materials for other catalyst components, of which enhancement in stability and catalytic performance have been addressed. Lastly, MOFs have also been extensively utilized as a sacrificial template to derive highly porous and catalytic active nanomaterials. On the basis of our personal perspectives, some future research directions are suggested in this review in order to further advance this class of emerging catalysts.
Research Platform: Decentralized Energy System for Sector Coupling
Authors: Öchsner Richard , Nuß Andreas , Lange Christopher , Rueß Alexandra
Published: May 2019

Industrial facilities usually need multiple energy subsystems, e.g., for heat, cold, and electric power supply. Normally, these energy subsystems are controlled locally and independent of each other. Coupling of the different subsystems can open up additional potential. Fraunhofer IISB has developed a demonstration and research platform for investigating the benefits of such sector coupling. A major precondition is to understand the energy flows in the system and establish an overall and flexible system control to realize the required algorithms for setting up an intelligent decentralized energy system. Major components of the overall system are various storages, which extend the degree of freedom for sector coupling and increase the effectiveness of the different subsystems.
Electroactive Nanocarbon Can Simultaneously Work as Platform and Signal Generator for Label‐Free Immunosensing
Authors: Cheng Zhao Xuan , Ang Wei Li , Bonanni Alessandra
Published: May 2019

Electroactive nanocarbon can be defined as a carbon nanomaterial that contains electrochemically reducible oxygen functionalities. We show here how an electroactive nanocarbon material can work both as a platform and as a signal generator when developing an immunosensor for the detection of mycotoxins. The suitability of the material for the immobilization of the biorecognition element by the formation of multiple noncovalent interactions, and the concurrent ability to provide a significant reduction peak are combined here in a label‐free, single‐step immunosensor. The variation in the current intensity, owing to the reduction of the electroactive platform, is correlated to the electrochemical availability of the oxygen functionalities involved in the interaction with the biorecognition element first, and the antibody/antigen conjugate in the detection step. We demonstrated here a direct dependence between the signal generated from the electroactive nanocarbon platform and each step of the biorecognition event, which allows the selective and precise detection of the analyte under investigation.
Synthesis of 5‐Alkynyl Substituted 2ʹ‐Arabinosyl 2ʹ‐Halogenated Uridine Nucleosides
Authors: Hilko David H. , Bornaghi Laurent F. , Poulsen Sally‐Ann
Published: May 2019

This unit describes the detailed preparation of 5‐alkynyl‐2ʹ‐halogenated arabinosyl uridine nucleosides (2ʹ‐halo‐ara‐EdU) from uridine. These compounds were synthesized as prospective chemical probes for the detection of DNA synthesis in proliferating cells. Currently, this is the only synthetic methodology reported to access these compounds. The key to success of the synthetic approach was to employ a 3‐N‐nitro‐protecting group to stabilize the required 2ʹ‐triflate nucleoside precursor toward nucleophilic substitution. Several synthetic challenges were overcome to accommodate the combination of a 5‐alkyne and 3‐N‐nitro functional group, including facile introduction and removal of the N‐nitro group, and removal of the sugar acetyl groups under acidic conditions. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Driving data generation using affinity propagation, data augmentation, and convolutional neural network in communication system
Authors: Zhang Weiqiang , Chu Phuong Minh , Huang Kaisi , Cho Kyungeun
Published: May 2019

In vehicle‐driving simulation‐based communication systems, vehicles are always driven according to predefined driving styles. However, in the real world, various driving styles exist. To simulate various types of drivers in driving simulation systems, a new driving‐data generation method is required. This paper proposes a method that generates a realistic vehicle‐driving model. The data augmentation method is utilized to expand the driving dataset, and then the expanded driving data are clustered into several groups. The clustered driving data are inputted into a convolutional neural network to train a driving model. The driving model is utilized to classify another driving dataset into some categories. The driving data within the same categories are utilized to generate new driving data by combining the properties of the driving data. The new driving data thus generated is applied to a vehicle, which can be utilized in virtual driving simulation systems.
A POMDP‐based long‐term transmission rate maximization for cognitive radio networks with wireless‐powered ambient backscatter
Authors: Giang Hoang Thi Huong , Hoan Tran Nhut Khai , Thanh Pham Duy , Koo Insoo
Published: May 2019

Wireless energy harvesting enables wireless‐powered communications to accommodate data services in a self‐sustainable manner over a long operational time. Along with energy harvesting, an ambient backscatter technique helps a secondary transmitter reflect existing radio frequency (RF) signal sources to communicate with a secondary receiver when the primary channel (PC) is utilized. However, secondary system performance is significantly affected by factors such as the availability of the primary channel, imperfect spectrum sensing, and energy‐constrained problems. Therefore, we propose a novel approach for wireless‐powered cognitive radio networks (CRNs) to improve the transmission performance of secondary systems. To reduce the dependence of the secondary system on RF sources, in the paper, we provide a new paradigm by integrating ambient backscattering with both RF and non‐RF wireless‐powered communications to facilitate secondary communications. On the basis of the sensing result in a time slot, the secondary transmitter can dynamically select the operational action: (a) backscattering, (b) harvesting, or (c) transmitting to maximize the long‐term achievable data transmission rate at the secondary receiver. In addition, the optimal action set for CRNs with wireless‐powered ambient backscatter is selected by the partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), which maximizes an expected transmission rate calculated over a number of subsequent time slots. The proposed scheme aims to improve long‐term transmission rate of CRNs with wireless‐powered ambient backscatter in comparison with conventional schemes where an action is taken only to maximize the immediate reward in every single time slot.
Salt of Ring‐Reduced Iron(II) Octaethyltetrapyrazinoporphyrazine Containing Trimetallic Dianions with Peripherally Coordinated ZnCl2 Units: {FeII(TPyzPzEt8)4–(ZnCl2)2}2–
Authors: Faraonov Maxim A. , Romanenko Nikita R. , Kuzmin Alexey V. , Konarev Dmitri V. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Stuzhin Pavel A. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Lyubovskaya Rimma N.
Published: May 2019

Reduction of iron(II) octaethyltetrapyrazinoporphyrazine, FeIITPyzPzEt8, by zinc dust allowed the preparation of crystalline salt (PPN+)2{FeII(TPyzPzEt8)4–(ZnCl2)2}2– (1) (PPN+ is bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium). Metal atom zinc transfers two electrons to FeIITPyzPzEt8 forming the {Fe(TPyzPzEt8)}2– dianions which coordinate two ZnCl2 units on the periphery of the TPyzPzEt8 macrocycle. Tetrahedral environment around the zinc(II) atoms is formed with the length of the Zn–N bonds of 2.071(7) Å with meso‐ and 2.304(8) Å with pyrazine nitrogen atoms of TPyzPzEt8. Optical and EPR spectra show the formation of diamagnetic tetraanionic {TPyzPzEt8}4– macrocycle in 1, and as a result, two‐electron reduction of FeIITPyzPzEt8 is centered exclusively on the macrocycle. According to DFT calculations for the {Fe(TPyzPzMe8)(ZnCl2)2}2– and {Fe(TPyzPzMe8)}2– dianions the reason of that is strongly increased electron affinity of the TPyzPzMe8 macrocycle at the coordination of two ZnCl2 units. Obviously, this situation is different from iron(II) phthalocyanine which shows metal‐centered first and second reduction.
Performance, emission, energy, and exergy analysis of CI engine using Kaner seed pyrolysis oil blended diesel
Authors: Gouda Narayan , Singh Raghubansh K. , Das Amar K. , Panda Achyut K.
Published: May 2019

This work reports the engine performance, emission parameters, and energy‐exergy characteristics of a twin cylinder four‐stroke CI engine fueled with Diesel blended Kaner seed pyrolysis oil (KSPO). KSPO is obtained by the thermal pyrolysis of Kaner (Thevetia peruviana) seed at 600°C in a batch reactor and mixed with diesel in the ratio of 5, 10, 15, and 20%, to use in the engine. Brake thermal efficiency is marginally higher and brake specific fuel consumption is comparatively lower for KSPO‐diesel blend as compared to pure diesel fuel operation. Low carbon monoxide emission and high hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and smoke emission is observed with KSPO—diesel blend. In addition, energy and exergy values of KSPO‐diesel with different blends at different loads are evaluated. Fuel exergy rate of the blended fuel is higher than pure diesel fuel where as exergetic efficiency of the blended fuel found is lower than pure diesel fuel. Moreover, the exergetic efficiency is increased with increasing engine load.
Effect of antidepressant treatment on plasma levels of neuroinflammation‐associated molecules in patients with somatic symptom disorder with predominant pain around the orofacial region
Authors: Miyauchi Tomoya , Tokura Tatsuya , Kimura Hiroyuki , Ito Mikiko , Umemura Eri , Sato (Boku) Aiji , Nagashima Wataru , Tonoike Takashi , Yamamoto Yasuko , Saito Kuniaki , Kurita Kenichi , Ozaki Norio
Published: May 2019

Objective

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and atypical odontalgia (AO) are examples of somatic symptom disorders with predominant pain around the orofacial region. Neuroinflammation is thought to play a role in the mechanisms, but few studies have been conducted. We aimed to better understand the role of neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology and treatment of BMS/AO.

Methods

Plasma levels of 28 neuroinflammation‐related molecules were determined in 44 controls and 48 BMS/AO patients both pretreatment and 12‐week post‐treatment with duloxetine.

Results

Baseline plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β (p < .0001), IL‐1 receptor antagonist (p < .001), IL‐6 (p < .0001), macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β (p < .0001), and platelet‐derived growth factor‐bb (.04) were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Plasma levels of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p < .001) and decreased with treatment (.009). Plasma levels of eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and vascular endothelial growth factor decreased significantly with treatment (p < .001, .022, and .029, respectively).

Conclusions

Inflammatory mechanisms may be involved in the pathophysiology and/or treatment response of somatic symptom disorders with predominant pain around the orofacial region.
Association between the rs2288947 polymorphism of the lncRNA TINCR gene and the risk of recurrent miscarriage in a Southern Chinese population
Authors: Huang Wendong , Zhou Huazhong , Pi Lei , Xu Yufen , Fu LanYan , Yang Yanfang , Che Di , Gu Xiaoqiong
Published: May 2019

Studies have shown that many genes that regulate cell migration are associated with susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage. Terminal differentiation‐induced non‐coding RNA (TINCR) regulates the migration and invasion of a variety of tumor cells and is associated with susceptibility to various diseases. However, whether the lncRNA TINCR polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the rs2288947 A > G polymorphism of the lncRNA TINCR and susceptibility to recurrent abortion. We recruited 248 recurrent spontaneous abortion patients and 392 healthy control subjects from the Southern Chinese population and used the TaqMan method for genotyping. There was no evidence that this polymorphism is associated with recurrent miscarriage (AG vs AA: adjusted OR = 0.904, 95% CI = 0.647‐1.264, P = 0.5552; GG and AA: adjusted OR = 0.871, 95% CI = 0.475‐1.597, P = 0.6542; dominant model: AG/GG vs AA: adjusted OR = 0.898, 95% CI = 0.653‐1.236, P = 0.5101; and recessive model: GG vs AA/AG: adjusted OR = 0.910, 95% CI = 0.505‐1.639, P = 0.7527). The stratified analysis also showed no significant associations. This study suggests that the rs2288947 A > G polymorphism of the lncRNA TINCR may not be associated with recurrent miscarriage in a Southern Chinese population. A larger multicenter study is needed to confirm our conclusions.
Impact of transient hepatic attenuation differences on computed tomography scans in the diagnosis of acute gangrenous cholecystitis
Authors: Uemura Shuichiro , Higuchi Ryota , Yazawa Takehisa , Izumo Wataru , Sugishita Toshiya , Morita Satoru , Yamamoto Masakazu
Published: May 2019

Background

We examined the utility of transient hepatic attenuation differences (THADs) detected in the arterial phase of computed tomography for the diagnosis of acute gangrenous cholecystitis (AGC).

Methods

We examined 83 consecutive patients who underwent cholecystectomy within 72 h of undergoing three‐phase dynamic computed tomography scans for acute cholecystitis between 2009 and 2018 (histopathological examination later confirmed 42 with AGC, 41 without). The THAD volume (cm3) was calculated by multiplying the total area of the enhancing lesions (traced on axial images) by the thickness of the scan (0.5‐cm slices). We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the THAD volume and other computed tomography findings of AGC.

Results

The THAD volume was significantly larger in the AGC group than in the non‐gangrenous acute cholecystitis group (P < 0.0001). The cutoff value of 78 cm3, determined using a receiver operating characteristics curve, yielded a sensitivity of 88.1% and specificity of 75.6% for detecting AGC. Multivariate analysis revealed a THAD volume of >78 cm3 to be an independent predictor of AGC.

Conclusions

Acute gangrenous cholecystitis can be diagnosed using THAD volume, resulting in improved treatment and fewer serious complications.
The professionalization of psychologists as court personnel: Consequences of the first institutional commitment law for the “feebleminded”
Authors: Farreras Ingrid G.
Published: May 2019

The first law providing for the permanent, involuntary institutionalization of “feeble‐minded” individuals was passed in Illinois in 1915. This bill represented the first eugenic commitment law in the United States. Focusing on the consequences of this 1915 commitment law within the context of intelligence testing, eugenics, and the progressive movement, this paper will argue that the then newly devised Binet–Simon intelligence test facilitated the definition and classification of feeble‐mindedness that validated feeble‐mindedness theory, enabled the state to legitimize the eugenic diagnosis and institutionalization of feeble‐minded individuals, and especially empowered psychologists to carve out a niche for themselves in the courtroom as “experts” when testifying as to the feeble‐mindedness of individuals.
Semiautomated text analytics for qualitative data synthesis
Authors: Haynes Emily , Garside Ruth , Green Judith , Kelly Michael P. , Thomas James , Guell Cornelia
Published: May 2019

Approaches to synthesizing qualitative data have, to date, largely focused on integrating the findings from published reports. However, developments in text mining software offer the potential for efficient analysis of large pooled primary qualitative datasets. This case study aimed to (a) provide a step‐by‐step guide to using one software application, Leximancer, and (b) interrogate opportunities and limitations of the software for qualitative data synthesis. We applied Leximancer v4.5 to a pool of five qualitative, UK‐based studies on transportation such as walking, cycling, and driving, and displayed the findings of the automated content analysis as intertopic distance maps. Leximancer enabled us to “zoom out” to familiarize ourselves with, and gain a broad perspective of, the pooled data. It indicated which studies clustered around dominant topics such as “people.” The software also enabled us to “zoom in” to narrow the perspective to specific subgroups and lines of enquiry. For example, “people” featured in men's and women's narratives but were talked about differently, with men mentioning “kids” and “old,” whereas women mentioned “things” and “stuff.” The approach provided us with a fresh lens for the initial inductive step in the analysis process and could guide further exploration. The limitations of using Leximancer were the substantial data preparation time involved and the contextual knowledge required from the researcher to turn lines of inquiry into meaningful insights. In summary, Leximancer is a useful tool for contributing to qualitative data synthesis, facilitating comprehensive and transparent data coding but can only inform, not replace, researcher‐led interpretive work.
Doppler Velocity Estimates of Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis: Angle Correction Parallel to the Color Doppler Lumen Versus Parallel to the Artery Wall
Authors: Polak Joseph F. , Alessi‐Chinetti Jean M. , Kremkau Frederick W.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

We compared internal carotid artery Doppler peak systolic velocities (PSVs) measured with angle correction parallel to the artery wall (// wall) on grayscale images and parallel to the direction of blood flow (// flow) on color Doppler images.

Methods

We studied 25 internal carotid lesions with PSVs higher than 125 cm/s. The PSVs were measured in the same imaging plane, at the stenosis orifice (0 cm) and at 0.5 and 1 cm downstream by both methods. Linear regression and correlation analyses were used to study the effects of the angle correction method on changes in PSVs as a function of the differences in angle adjustment and distance from the stenosis.

Results

The 23 patients studied included 9 women and 14 men. There was a mean difference in absolute PSVs ± SD of −17.2 ± 29.5 cm/s (P < .008) between methods at the stenosis. The difference in the PSVs was associated with the angle difference between the flow jet and the artery wall (P < .01). At 1 cm from the stenosis, // flow PSVs were more strongly correlated with PSVs at the stenosis (r = 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.28, 0.82; P = .001) than // wall PSVs (r = 0.39; 95% confidence interval, –0.003, 0.68; P = .052).

Conclusions

Blood flow velocity measurements made with angle correction parallel to the direction of the color Doppler blood flow lumen remain more consistent with the distance from the stenosis than blood flow velocity measurements made with angle correction parallel to the outer artery walls.
Cytogenetic and molecular diagnosis of Fanconi anemia revealed two hidden phenotypes: Disorder of sex development and cerebro‐oculo‐facio‐skeletal syndrome
Authors: Ben Haj Ali Abir , Amouri Ahlem , Sayeb Marwa , Makni Saloua , Hammami Wajih , Naouali Chokri , Dallali Hamza , Romdhane Lilia , Bashamboo Anu , McElreavey Kenneth , Abdelhak Sonia , Messaoud Olfa
Published: May 2019

Background

Several studies have shown a high rate of consanguinity and endogamy in North African populations. As a result, the frequency of autosomal recessive diseases is relatively high in the region with the co‐occurrence of two or more diseases.

Methods

We report here on a consanguineous Libyan family whose child was initially diagnosed as presenting Fanconi anemia (FA) with uncommon skeletal deformities. The chromosome breakage test has been performed using mitomycin C (MMC) while molecular analysis was performed by a combined approach of linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing.

Results

Cytogenetic analyses showed that the karyotype of the female patient is 46,XY suggesting the diagnosis of a disorder of sex development (DSD). By looking at the genetic etiology of FA and DSD, we have identified p.[Arg798*];[Arg798*] mutation in FANCJ (OMIM #605882) gene responsible for FA and p.[Arg108*];[Arg1497Trp] in EFCAB6 (Gene #64800) gene responsible for DSD. In addition, we have incidentally discovered a novel mutation p.[Gly1372Arg];[Gly1372Arg] in the ERCC6 (CSB) (OMIM #609413) gene responsible for COFS that might explain the atypical severe skeletal deformities.

Conclusion

The co‐occurrence of clinical and overlapping genetic heterogeneous entities should be taken into consideration for better molecular and genetic counseling.
Alkylpyrazines from Coffee are Extensively Metabolized to Pyrazine Carboxylic Acids in the Human Body
Authors: Kremer Jonathan I. , Pickard Stephanie , Stadlmair Lara F. , Glaß‐Theis Anika , Buckel Leon , Bakuradze Tamara , Eisenbrand Gerhard , Richling Elke
Published: May 2019

Scope

Coffee is a complex mixture of over 1000 compounds, including diverse heteroaromatic compounds such as alkylpyrazines. Little is known about the intake, metabolism, and bodily distribution of these compounds. Therefore, a human intervention study is conducted to investigate the excretion of alkylpyrazine metabolites in urine after the ingestion of brewed coffee containing alkylpyrazines.

Methods and results

After consuming a diet without heat‐processed food, ten volunteers consumed 500 mL of freshly brewed coffee prepared from coffee pads, providing intakes of 2‐methylpyrazine (2‐MeP), 2,5‐dimethylpyrazine (2,5‐DMeP), and 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine (2,6‐DMeP) amounting to 17.2, 4.4, and 4.9 µmol, respectively. These alkylpyrazines are metabolized into the corresponding pyrazine carboxylic acids, namely pyrazine‐2‐carboxylic acid (PA), 5‐hydroxypyrazine‐2‐carboxylic acid (5‐OHPA), 5‐methylpyrazine‐2‐carboxylic acid (5‐MePA), and 6‐methylpyrazine‐2‐carboxylic acid (6‐MePA). In total, 64% of the ingested 2‐MeP is excreted as PA, as well as 26% as 5‐OHPA, while 91% and 97% of the ingested 2,5‐DMeP and 2,6‐DMeP are recovered as 5‐MePA and 6‐MePA, respectively, in urine samples collected after coffee consumption.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that alkylpyrazines are rapidly metabolized into the corresponding carboxylic acids and excreted via urine by humans, which is consistent with earlier rodent studies.
Dielectric resonator antenna with top loaded parasitic strip elements for dual‐band operation
Authors: Iqbal Amjad , Bouazizi Amal , Kundu Surajit , Elfergani Issa , Rodriguez Jonathan
Published: May 2019

In this article, a dual‐band hybrid cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) is designed, analyzed, and experimentally validated. Miniaturization and dual‐band frequency behavior are achieved by loading circular copper strips on top of the CDRA. Hence, the antenna resonates at 4.4 and 6.1 GHz covering −10 dB bandwidths of 600 MHz and 500 MHz, respectively. The proposed CDRA is excited using a rectangular slot for HEMY11 and HEMX11 modes. The proposed antenna demonstrates good gain (4.9 dBi at 4.4 GHz and 5.6 dBi at 6.1 GHz), high efficiency (>88% for all operating bands), and good FTBR (>10.08 dB in both principal planes for both operating bands). Moreover, the higher frequency band can be independently controlled by adjusting the parasitic strips width (d) and gap (g).
In‐Line VCSEL Testing
Authors: Roesener Tobias
Published: May 2019

In the mass production of laser diodes such as VCSEL, high‐resolution array spectroradiometers are an efficient alternative for in‐process inspection in a 24/7 production environment. Compared to established scanning measurement techniques, they also guarantee high throughput volumes and reliability in the industrial environment: their configuration means high mechanical stability and integration times in the order of just a few milliseconds for CCD and microseconds for CMOS detectors. Measurements of laser diodes with a pulsed operating mode are also possible.
Power of the Wave
Authors: Flamm Daniel
Published: May 2019

The first thing that you learn in school about optics is that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Only a while later we would discover that the whole light thing was a lot more complicated, but this seventh‐grade perspective on optics has proved to be sufficient for laser material processing for decades: Light is a ray, and a focus is a point at which converging rays unite. But meanwhile even in laser technonology we see that wave optics tell us far more.
Ultrafast Mirrors
Authors: Adams Daniel , Karam Tony
Published: May 2019

Ultrafast lasers have always been on the frontiers of science and technology, pushing the boundaries of what is possible. With the shortest pulses ever generated now down to tens of attoseconds (10 × 10−18 s), scientists can study and probe matter on an atomic scale. In recent years, ultrafast laser sources have moved outside of the lab. Today, the extreme properties of ultrashort pulses are utilized in fields as diverse as high‐resolution microscopy, time‐of‐flight distance measurements, and micro‐machining, to name but a few.
Sol–Gel‐Derived Spinel Ag‐Co3O4 Nanocomposite Thin Films for Resistive and Magnetization Switching Applications
Authors: Yao Chuangye , Ismail Muhammad , Hao Aize , Kumar Thatikonda Santhosh , Huang Wenhua , Qin Ni , Bao Dinghua
Published: May 2019

Sol–gel‐derived spinel Ag‐Co3O4 nanocomposite thin films are synthesized using a spin‐coating method to investigate the resistive and magnetization switching effect. Compared with a pure Co3O4 thin‐film device, an Ag‐Co3O4 nanocomposite thin‐film device reveals significant improvement in switching parameters. Uniformity and improvement in switching characteristics are attributed to the enhancement of local electric field and generation of oxygen vacancies by optimum Ag contents. Temperature dependence of resistive switching and magnetization analysis illustrate that induced oxygen vacancies and conversion of cation valence states (Co2+ and Co3+) are responsible for repairing and rupturing of conductive filaments. The findings offer a feasible and low‐cost sol–gel technique to fabricate an Ag‐Co3O4 nanocomposite‐based device for multifunctional resistive random access memory (RRAM) applications.
Modelling physical characteristics of river habitats
Authors: Belmar Oscar , Booker Doug , Álvarez‐Cabria Mario , Peñas Francisco J. , Barquín José
Published: May 2019

The physical characteristics of river habitats constitute the setting in which fluvial biota dwell and thrive. Determining the spatial and temporal patterns of physical habitat characteristics and the main factors that control them is extremely important to increase the efficiency of river management, conservation, and restoration. This study determined spatial patterns of physical habitat characteristics for Atlantic and Mediterranean rivers in northern Spain and developed a river classification based on hydromorphological characteristics. Data gathered from almost 600 sites following a modified version of the River Habitat Survey methodology were used. In addition to the usual River Habitat Survey variables, the sequence of hydromorphologic units (i.e., areas exhibiting similar hydraulic characteristics, in terms of water velocity and depth), water depths, and widths were recorded. Unmodified reaches were selected computing the Habitat Modification Score. Multiple Linear Regression models were employed to test relationships between Principal Component Analyses that summarized physical river habitat characteristics with ecological relevance and environmental variables (i.e., climate, topography, land cover, and geology) at different spatial scales and used to predict physical habitat attributes for all river reaches. The density of hydromorphologic units, flow turbulence, substrate size, and channel dimensions were able to discriminate river classes within the river network, with topography being the main environmental driver of habitat characteristics (although climate, geology, and land cover were also relevant). This classification scheme could constitute a useful tool to restore physical habitat conditions in modified river reaches.
Implications of an invasive fish barrier for the long‐term recovery of native fish assemblages in a previously degraded northeastern Illinois River system
Authors: Altenritter Matthew E. , Pescitelli Stephen M. , Whitten Andrya L. , Casper Andrew F.
Published: May 2019

Barriers to fish movement have been used to prevent the spread of invasive fishes but may also limit the movements of native fishes. We evaluated the potential consequences of a proposed barrier on the Illinois River Waterway, meant to inhibit the spread of silver and bighead carps, to the continued recovery of native fishes in the Des Plaines River following water quality improvements. We compared changes in upstream cumulative species richness and community structure from 1983 to 2013 in the DuPage River, an adjacent tributary with an impassable dam, to the area upstream of a newly proposed barrier on the Des Plaines River where fish can currently pass through a navigational lock. Fewer species displayed truncated distributions upstream of the passable lock and dam (n = 18) compared with the impassable dam (n = 23). Due to water quality improvements in the Illinois River as a whole, cumulative species richness downstream of both dams steadily increased over time. Richness also increased upstream of the passable dam but plateaued upstream of the impassable dam. Fifteen to 18 species accounted for differences in community structure between areas downstream and upstream of either dam. Most species (78–100%) were found in greater relative abundance downstream of the impassable dam, and only 53% were found in greater relative abundance downstream of the passable dam. The truncation in species richness and abundance at the impassable dam foreshadows the potential consequences of an indiscriminate barrier on native fishes and the continued recovery of native assemblages.
Instrumental and affective ties within the laboratory: The impact of informal cliques on innovative productivity
Authors: Gómez‐Solórzano Manuel , Tortoriello Marco , Soda Giuseppe
Published: May 2019

Research Summary

In this paper, we contribute to research on networks and innovation by distinguishing between instrumental and affective ties and assessing their impact on individual innovativeness. In particular, using original data from the corporate R&D laboratory of a global pharmaceutical company, we evaluate how a specific structural arrangement (i.e., belonging to a clique) affects inventors' innovative productivity. Our results show that both instrumental/knowledge‐sharing cliques and affective/friendship cliques correlate positively with inventors' innovative productivity. However, we also observe that when inventors straddle knowledge‐sharing and friendship cliques, their innovative productivity declines.

Managerial Summary

Firms competing in knowledge‐intensive industries rely on the productivity of their inventors to develop innovations. Within these firms, inventors' innovative productivity is influenced by the people they interact with and by the benefits and costs associated with maintaining these relationships. We find that inventors' innovative productivity is enhanced by having strong and embedded relationships with their colleagues, regardless of these relationships being based on knowledge‐sharing ties or friendship ties. However, when inventors are caught in between strong knowledge‐sharing ties and strong friendship ties, their innovative productivity suffers, ultimately hampering the firm's innovative capabilities.
Development and validation of the Classroom Observation Protocol for Engineering Design (COPED)
Authors: Wheeler Lindsay B. , Navy Shannon L. , Maeng Jennifer L. , Whitworth Brooke A.
Published: May 2019

Recent education reforms including the Next Generation Science Standards emphasize integrating engineering into K‐12 science instruction. Although prior studies have characterized engineering design (ED) in K‐12 settings, no validated protocols attempt to characterize ED integration in secondary science classrooms. The present study used the ED and observation protocol literature to develop, validate, and test the reliability of the Classroom Observation Protocol for Engineering Design (COPED) instrument. Consistent with the ED literature, the COPED characterizes two components of ED: process and habits of mind. To use COPED, researchers code for ED process components, engineering habits of mind, and instructional grouping in 2‐min increments. Researchers also record qualitative field notes. Post‐observation, researchers include descriptions of disciplinary ties and ED structure. Support for content validity was established through two cycles of expert panel review and revision. Interrater reliability for the instrument was Cohen's κ = .81. The data collected from the reliability study were subsequently analyzed to demonstrate the utility of COPED in characterizing ED integration. The COPED provides researchers a tool to systematically characterize ED instruction within secondary science classrooms. Using COPED to characterize ED may support science educators in developing ED‐related teacher preparation and professional development.
Analysis of fault of insulation aging of oiled paper of a large‐scale power transformer and the prediction of its service life
Authors: Xie Peng
Published: May 2019

Insulation aging of oiled paper is a common malfunction of transformers. It is of great value to recognize the insulation aging status of oiled paper and predict the service life of transformers using appropriate methods. In this study, an aging state recognition method based on partial discharge was proposed. Partial discharge signals were collected, the feature values were obtained through analysis of the principle component factor, and the state was identified by using a support vector machine. A Weibull distribution‐based method was proposed for the prediction of service life, and the residual life of transformers was determined using failure rate function. Through analysis, it was found that the fault analysis method had an accuracy rate of 80.55% in the recognition of the aging state, which was higher than that of Hidden Markov Model (HMM). In the case analysis, the accuracy rate of the method in recognizing the aging state of 100 transformers reached 82.06%. The accuracy of the failure rate function was also verified in the prediction of service life. This study provides some new ideas for the effective recognition of insulation aging of oiled paper in transformers and the prediction of service life. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mobile Augmented Reality and Language‐Related Episodes
Authors: Sydorenko Tetyana , Hellermann John , Thorne Steven L. , Howe Vanessa
Published: May 2019

Applications of locative media (e.g., place‐based mobile augmented reality [AR]) are used in various educational content areas and have been shown to provide learners with valuable opportunities for investigation‐based learning, location‐situated social and collaborative interaction, and embodied experience of place (Squire, 2009; Thorne & Hellermann, 2017; Zheng et al., 2018). Mobile locative media applications’ value for language learning, however, remains underinvestigated. To address this lacuna, this study employed the widely used construct of language‐related episodes (LREs; Swain & Lapkin, 1998) as a unit of analysis to investigate language learning through participation in a mobile AR game. Analysis of videorecorded interactions of four mixed‐proficiency groups of game players (two English language learners [ELLs] and one expert speaker of English [ESE] per group) indicates that LREs in this environment were focused on lexical items relevant to the AR tasks and physical locations. Informed by sociocultural theory and conversation analysis, the microgenesis of learners’ understanding and subsequent use of certain lexical items are indicated in the findings. This understanding of new lexical items was frequently facilitated by ESEs’ assistance and the surrounding physical environment. A strong goal orientation by both ESEs and ELLs was visible, providing implications for task‐based language teaching approaches.
Resurgence of one-point functions in a matrix model for 2D type IIA superstrings
Authors: Kuroki Tsunehide , Sugino Fumihiko
Published: May 2019

Abstract

In the previous papers, the authors pointed out correspondence between a supersymmetric double-well matrix model and two-dimensional type IIA superstring theory on a Ramond-Ramond background. This was confirmed by agreement between planar correlation functions in the matrix model and tree-level amplitudes in the superstring theory. Furthermore, in the matrix model we computed one-point functions of single-trace operators to all orders of genus expansion in its double scaling limit, and found that the large-order behavior of this expansion is stringy and not Borel summable. In this paper, we discuss resurgence structure of these one-point functions and see cancellations of ambiguities in their trans-series. More precisely, we compute both series of ambiguities arising in a zero-instanton sector and in a one-instanton sector, and confirm how they cancel each other. In case that the original integration contour is a finite interval not passing through a saddle point, we have to choose an appropriate integration path in order for resurgence to work.
Postoperative results of 407 patients submitted to Doppler-guided transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization
Authors: Rotta Carlos Mateus , Machado Laura Ruy , Uwada Patrícia Mie , Mizael Rafaela Delsin , Faxina Rachel de Oliveira , Bittencourt Gabriela , Bernardino Marjorie Cristina da Cruz , Martinez Carlos Augusto Real
Published: May 2019

Introduction The treatment of hemorrhoidal disease by conventional technique is associated with significant morbidity, mainly represented by the postoperative pain and the late return to daily activities. A technique of hemorrhoidal dearterialization associated with rectal mucopexy is a minimal invasive surgical option that has been used to treat the hemorrhoidal disease and reduce its inconveniences.

Objective To analyze the seven-year results of hemorrhoidal dearterialization associated with rectal mucopexy in the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease.

Methods This study analyzed 407 patients with hemorrhoids grade II, III and IV, who underwent the technique of hemorrhoidal dearterialization in the Luzia de Pinho Melo Hospital, during the period between December 2010 and December 2017. Twenty-seven patients (6.6%) had hemorrhoidal disease of the grade II, 240 (59.0%) grade III, and 117 (28.8%) grade IV. In 23 patients (5.7%), the grade was not found. All patients were operated by the same surgeon under spinal anesthesia. The 407 patients underwent dearterialization, with a varying ligation of one to six arterial branches followed by rectal mucopexy by uninterrupted suture. Eighty-two (20.14%) required removal of concomitant perianal piles or external hemorrhoids and/or fibrosed. In the postoperative follow-up the following parameters were evaluated: pain, tenesmus, bleeding, prolapse, thrombosis, and recurrence.

Results The tenesmus was postoperative complaint reported by 93.6% of patients. Forty-three (10.5%) presented intense tenesmus and 44 (22%), moderate to intense pain. Four (0.98%) patients presented more intense bleeding in postoperative follow up; none of the patients required blood transfusions. The prolapse occurred in 18 (4.42%) patients, thrombosis in 11 (2.7%), and there were 19 (4.67%) recurrences that were reoperated in this period.

Conclusion The hemorrhoidal dearterialization technique presents good results, with light and easy-to-resolve complications and little postoperative pain.
A Student's Guide to General Relativity
Authors: Gray Norman
Published: May 2019

This compact guide presents the key features of general relativity, to support and supplement the presentation in mainstream, more comprehensive undergraduate textbooks, or as a re-cap of essentials for graduate students pursuing more advanced studies. It helps students plot a careful path to understanding the core ideas and basics of differential geometry, as applied to general relativity, without overwhelming them. While the guide doesn't shy away from necessary technicalities, it emphasises the essential simplicity of the main physical arguments. Presuming a familiarity with special relativity (with a brief account in an appendix), it describes how general covariance and the equivalence principle motivate Einstein's theory of gravitation. It then introduces differential geometry and the covariant derivative as the mathematical technology which allows us to understand Einstein's equations of general relativity. The book is supported by numerous worked exampled and problems, and important applications of general relativity are described in an appendix.
A linear guide-based actuation concept for a novel morphing aileron
Authors: Amendola G. , Dimino I. , Concilio A. , Pecora R. , Amoroso F.
Published: May 2019

This paper deals with the actuation system design of a full-scale morphing aileron for regional aircraft. The aileron is allowed to smoothly change its geometrical configuration and perform the in-flight transition from a baseline shape to a set of optimal morphed ones pre-defined on the basis of aerodynamic requirements. The design of such innovative aileron is aimed not only at substituting the conventional aileron installed on a real aircraft but also to provide additional functionality. The aileron is free to rotate around its main hinge axis and it is also allowed to smoothly modify camber with two independent actuation systems. In such manner it can be used also during cruise with a symmetric deflection between the two half wings in order to reduce drag in off design condition. To accomplish variable aileron shape, a rigid-body mechanism was designed. The proposed aileron architecture is characterised by segmented adaptive ribs rigidly linked each other with spanwise reinforcements such as spars and stringers in a multi-box arrangement. Each rib is split into two movable plates connected by means of rotational hinges in a finger-like mechanism. The mechanism is driven by a load-bearing actuator by means of a kinematic chain opportunely tied based on the structural requirements in terms of shape to be matched and load to be withstood. The proposed device is an innovative arrangement of the quick-return mechanism composed of a beam leverage, commercial linear guides and a crank. The actuator shaft is directly inserted in the crank, which transmits the rotation to the linear guide that slide along a rail moving upward or downward the beam thus resulting in a camber variation. The entire aileron is moved by three leverages internally contained and distributed along the first two bays while the most external ribs are considered passive and their movement slaved. Two actuation layouts are analytically and numerically studied, the analytical theory is presented and validated by means of a multi-body simulation. Moreover, a linear static analysis was carried out under the hypothesis of glued contact between linear guides components simulating a jamming condition. This assumption has been formulated because it represents the most severe condition that envelop all the operative loads to which the actuation system is subjected. The analyses conducted are preliminarily aimed to verify that no failure occur under the imposed loads. In this first design loop, the vertical static force acting on the linear carriage exceeded allowable value and then a new configuration with double-sided linear guides was then investigated.
La nationalité en procès : droit international privé et monde méditerranéen
Authors: Marglin Jessica M.
Published: May 2019

Résumés

Cet article emploie la microhistoire d’une affaire transnationale qui se déroulait entre l’Italie et la Tunisie pendant les années 1870 et 1880 pour éprouver le droit international grâce à une approche qui va au-delà des frontières de l’Occident. L’affaireSamama contre Samamaprésente un litige fort compliqué, examiné par les cours de justice italiennes pendant près d’une décennie. La principale difficulté du procès concernait la nationalité de Nissim Samama, un juif né à Tunis, et, partant, l’ordre juridique qui pouvait décider de sa succession. Le Code civil italien promettait de respecter les droits nationaux des ressortissants étrangers, mais ces derniers étaienta prioriconsidérés comme occidentaux uniquement. Or une affaire où il était question à la fois du droit tunisien et du statut des juifs interrogeait les fondements mêmes de l’ordre juridique international. En portant devant les tribunaux le problème de la nationalité de Samama, le procès dévoilait plusieurs failles et tensions au sein des théories émergentes du droit international : comment des États non occidentaux tels que la Tunisie pouvaient-ils s’intégrer dans l’ordre juridique international naissant ? Comment le droit international envisageait-il le droit musulman ? Quel était le statut de la nation juive dans un monde de nationalités de plus en plus exclusives ? Les actes d’un tel procès permettent de prendre la mesure des débats et des réflexions entre les spécialistes de droit international sur les ambiguïtés propres à leur discipline. De même, ils donnent un accès privilégié à la façon dont les Maghrébins concevaient le droit international. Les controverses qui en résultent mettent au jour les tensions inhérentes à un droit international qui ne cesse d’hésiter alors entre particularisme occidental et universalisme.