bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Synthesis and Characters of Waterborne Polyester Resin
Authors: Chen Yi , Zeng Guang Sheng , Liu Wen Yong , Huang Yu Gang
Published: January 2012

The waterborne polyester resin was synthesized by esterification between different dibasic acids and diatomic alcohols, while the self-emulsifying groups were introduced to the end of the molecular chain. The influences of the kinds and mass of reactants on the characters of waterborne polyester and polyurethanes film were researched. The results showed that with the increase of blocking agent TMA or HHPA as blocking agent to introduce self-emulsifying group, in waterborne polyester resin, the acid value and molecular weight rise obviously, Mn/Mw rises slightly, the storage stability becomes better, the glass-transition temperature and temperature at the biggest speed of losing weight both become higher. When the mass of TMA and HHPA is 6%wt of whole acids and alcohols, the polyester with appropriate acid value, molecular weight and saving stability could be prepared. The polyurethane film, made by waterborne polyester synthesized through such formula: acids: alcohols = 1, in acids, PA: IPA: AA =1:5:1.5; in alcohols, NPG: BEPG =1/2 (all mass ratio), owns good mechanical characters and stability.
Preparation and Characterization of Microcapsules for Self-Healing Material
Authors: Ma Wan Peng , Zhang Wei , Zhao Yang , Liao Le Ping , Wang Si Jie
Published: January 2012

Urea-formaldehyde microcapsules containing epoxy resin is a promising material for self-healing design. The microcapsules were prepared by in-situ polymerization in an oil-in-water emulsion. The microcapsule formation process was monitored using optical microscopy. Surface morphology was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The thermal property of microcapsules was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicate that microcapsule wall has a rough outer surface and a smooth inner surface. The microcapsule size is controlled by different agitation rates. Microcapsules have a good thermal stability below 157°C.
Research of Information Security Framework in Ubiquitous Environment
Authors: Chen Wen Gang , Song Xiao Jie , Liu Wei
Published: January 2012

Ubiquitous Computing has been viewed as the promising computing mode and noticed universally. The security problem gets more important. This article first gives the features of the ubiquitous environment and then analyzes the information security requirements in ubiquitous environment and finally designs the security framework for ubiquitous environment.
Study on the Arc-Cable Supported Long Span Spatial Structure of Erdos Dong-Sheng Stadium
Authors: Mu Zai Gen , Xiao Jian , Shen Yin Lan , Fan Zhong
Published: January 2012

This paper has introduced rational arch axis and built finite element models for the analysis of arch axis type selection, based on the retractable roof of Ordos Dong-sheng stadium under actual loads. And the approximation optimum method is used in adjustment of rational arch axis of the stadium's giant arch. At last, this paper supplies some references for this project design.
Existence and Uniqueness of a Kind of Stochastic SIRS Model
Authors: Xu Min , Ding Yong Sheng , Hu Liang Jian
Published: January 2012

This paper studies a kind of SIRS model for epidemics. By making a C2-kind function, we use It Ô formula on the model. With the help of proof by contradiction, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the model and we also prove its boundness based on this. Furthermore, we obtain the condition of the parameters in the model to make the epidemics described by SIRS model die out. In this way, suggestions can be given to prevent this kind of epidemics from spreading.
Managing Option Contract in Supply Chain with B2B E-Markets under Disruptions
Authors: Ruan Jian , Pang Su Lin
Published: January 2012

This paper investigates the supply chain with one single supplier and one single retailer under coexistence of B2B E-markets and traditional wholesale markets. By establishing a mathematical model with considering disruptions which affect the market demands during the lead time of retail order, we calculus the supplier’s optimal product strategy, the retailer’s optimal initial order quantity of products and option, the retailer’s optimal quantity of excised option and optimal quantity of order from B2B E-markets. The research shows that the option contract relocates interests and risks between the members, and effectively response the changes in market demand with B2B E-markets under disruptions. Finally the conclusion is verified by numerical example
A Microvalve Driven by a Ferrofluid-Based Actuator
Authors: Liu Tong Gang , Wu Jian , Xia Cong , Qian Zi Hang
Published: January 2012

A novel ferrofluid-based microvalve adopting an electromagnetic actuation is presented. In the device, ferrofluid controlled by magnetic force is used as a microactuator. The deflection of the diaphragm caused by the ferrofluid-based actuator opens or closes the fluid flow in the microchannel. A detailed description of the design and working principle of the microvalve is presented. The driving force generated by the ferrofluid under applied magnetic field has been measured by a microforce sensor. And the deflection of the diaphragm has been simulated by ANSYS software.
The Method Pole of Width Modulation Reducing Cogging Torque in Permanent Magnet Motor
Authors: An Yue Jun , Zhao Wen Qiang , Xue Li Ping , Wen Hong Liang , Liu Guo Ming
Published: January 2012

Cogging torque is one of the most important parameters of permanent magnet motors, which causes torque ripple, vibration and noise. This paper describes the mechanism of cogging torque, introduces several methods of reducing cogging torque and points out the advantage of novel magnet arrayed permanent magnet motor in reducing cogging torque. Ansoft software is used to build the simulation of conventional surface-type permanent magnet motor and novel magnet arrayed permanent magnet motor and to calculate their cogging torque. a cogging torque testing system which included the angle sensor, permanent magnet motor, torque wrenches and other components are tested two different structures motors’ cogging torque .The experimental result is consistent with the simulation results, it shows that the method of novel magnet arrayed permanent magnet motor reducing cogging torque is correct. The new method compare with the same specification on the surface of permanent magnet motor can reduce more cogging torque.
Buckling Analysis of FGM Thick Beam under Different Boundary Conditions Using GDQM
Authors: Farhatnia Fatemeh , Bagheri Mohammad Ali , Ghobadi Amin
Published: January 2012

In this paper, buckling analysis of functionally graded (FG) thick beam under different conditions is presented. Based on the first order shear deformation theory, governing equations are obtained for Thimoshenko beam which is subjected to mechanical loads. In functionally graded materials (FGMs) the material properties obeying a simple power law is assumed to vary through thickness. In order to solve the buckling differential equations, Generalized Differential Quadrature Method (GDQM) is employed and thus a set of eigenvalue equations resulted. For solving this eigenvalue problem, a computer program was developed in a way that the influence of different parameters such as height to length ratio, various volume fraction functions and boundary conditions were included. Non-dimensional critical stress was calculated for simply-simply, clamped-simply and clamped-clamped supported beams. The results of GDQ method were compared with reported results from solving the Finite element too. The comparison showed the accuracy of obtained results clearly in this work.
Experimental Study on Dynamic Characteristics and Seismic Response Analysis of Yingxian Wooden Pagoda
Authors: Yan Xu , Li Tie Ying
Published: January 2012

In order to have a better understanding of the vibration characteristics, micro tremor measurements are carried out on Yingxian Wooden pagoda. Horizontal vibration modes of the tower and the torsional vibration modes on each floor are attained by analysis of the test results. Based on transfer function method, elastic displacements of the tower under the different seismic waves are derived. Trough theoretical analysis, the significative conclusions are received as a basis for researching and protecting the ancient building.
Warranty Costs Assessment for Automotive Applications
Authors: Vintr Zdenek , Vintr Michal
Published: January 2012

The article deals with current problems of warranty costs in automotive applications. The two-dimensional warranty widely used in automotive industry is presented. The relationship between warranty costs and product reliability is also presented. The article analyses problems with estimation of a number of failure occurrence over a warranty period and estimation of costs related to repair failures. The mathematical model enables to predict warranty costs for two-dimensional warranty is presented. The article also deals with problems of estimation of an instant of warranty period expiration and demonstrates its estimation on an example of a vehicle.
An Analysis of Forming Limit for Various Arc Radii of Punch in Micro Deep Drawing of the Square Cup
Authors: Yeh Fung Huei , Li Ching Lun , Tsay Kun Nan
Published: January 2012

This paper presents an explicit dynamic finite element method (FEM) in conjunction with the forming limit diagram (FLD) to analyze the forming limit for the various arc radii of punch in micro deep drawing of square cup. In the present study, the tensile test and friction test are performed to obtain the material parameters of the electro-deposited copper foil according to the ASTM standards. Importing these properties, the numerical analysis is conducted by the explicit dynamic FEM. The FLD in numerical simulation is used as the criterion of the forming limit in micro deep drawing of the square cup. The forming limit, deformed shape, punch load-stroke relationship, height of cup and thickness distribution of square cup, are discussed and compared with the experimental results. It shows that a good agreement is achieved from comparison between simulated and experimental results. When the arc radii of punch increase with Rp=0.2, 0.5 and 0.8mm, the limit drawing ratio increases from 1.90 to 2.03 and 2.10. The forming limit of square cup increases with an increase of the arc radii of punch. From this investigation, the results of this paper can be used as reference in the relative researches and applications of micro forming.
Behavior Based Multi Robot Formations with Active Obstacle Avoidance Based on Switching Control Strategy
Authors: Kuppan Chetty R.M. , Singaperumal M. , Nagarajan T.
Published: January 2012

This paper considers the problem of formation control and obstacle avoidance for a group of non-holonomic mobile robots in a leader referenced model based on reactive switching control strategy. Three important issues related to the multi robot formation namely distributed formation control framework, dynamic role switching algorithm and real time implementations are investigated. The switching control strategy combines together formation planning, navigation and active obstacle avoidance in a layered control framework composed of functional behaviors based on the relative motion states of the robots employed in the group. Dynamic role switching mechanism incorporated in this work to tackles the problem of obstacle avoidance in the follower path. The proposed approach is validated through laboratory experiments using commercially available robot research platforms and the results obtained are discussed.
Application of Tabu Search for Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation for Loss Reduction
Authors: Rugthaicharoencheep Nattachote , Lantharthong Thong , Ratreepruk Awiruth , Ratchatha Jenwit
Published: January 2012

This paper presents the optimal and sizing of distributed generation (DG) placement in a radial distribution system for loss reduction. The main emphasis of this paper is to identify proper locations for installing DGs in a distribution system to reduce active power loss and improve bus voltages. Nevertheless, proper placement and sizing of DG units are not straightforward to be identified as a number of their positions and capacities need to be determined. It is therefore proposed in this paper to solve a DG placement problem based on a Tabu search algorithm. The objective function of the problem is to minimize the system loss subject to power flow constraints, bus voltage limits, pre specified number of DGs, and their allowable total installed capacity, and only one distributed generator for one installation position. The effectiveness of the methodology is demonstrated by a practical sized distribution system consisting of 69 bus and 48 load points. The results show that the optimal DG placement and sizing can be identified to give the minimum power loss while respecting all the constraints.
Determining the Corrosivity of Atmospheres, through the Weight Loss Method, According to ISO 9223
Authors: Surnam B.Y.R. , Oleti C.V.
Published: January 2012

ISO 9223 can be used to categorize the corrosivity of atmospheres through either corrosion loss measurements or the use of environmental data. Although both methods are expected to give the same result, discrepancies have been found to occur. The present paper analyses this aspect of ISO 9223, focusing on the effects of metal composition, when using carbon steel, in corrosivity categorisation. Low and medium carbon steel were, therefore, exposed outdoors at one site in Mauritius to determine its atmospheric corrosivity. It was found that for medium carbon steel, the corrosivity obtained from corrosion loss results, through the weight loss method, was not in conformance with that obtained through the environmental data. This was not the case with low carbon steel. Taking into consideration the various factors affecting atmospheric corrosion, it was concluded that the carbon content of carbon steel is an important parameter that should be considered in ISO 9223 for more reliable determination of the corrosivity of atmospheres.
Application of Immobilized Cellulases on Ramie Fabric Finishing
Authors: Yu Mei Lan , Ying Xiang Xian , Li Jia Na , Zhao Fu Kun , Shao Jian Zhong
Published: January 2012

Cellulase was immobilized on carrier ZH-EP and ZH-HA using glutaraldehyde as cross linking agent. The optimal reaction temperature of immobilized enzyme was determined to be 30°C. The immobilized enzyme was stable and showed no activity decrease after 60 days storage at room temperature. The immobilized enzyme and free cellulase was treated on ramie fabrics and the relative mechanical properties were tested. The results indicated that cellulase treatment could not only decrease the surface roughness of fabric but also affected its breaking strength and tensile length,while immobilized cellulase with less damage to the ramie fabric strength.
Adsorption Behavior of Annatto Dye on Cotton Fabrics Modified by Sericin
Authors: Zhou Lan , Shao Jian Zhong , Chai Li Qin , Fu Guo Dong
Published: January 2012

Sericin was investigated as modifier for surface modification on cotton fibers. The measurement of zeta potential was initially used to indicate the effectiveness of the modification. It was found that the sericin largely developed the positive charge on cotton fibers following a decrease in the pH. Adsorption studies of the annatto dye on the modified cotton fibers showed that sericin enhanced the adsorption capacity of the annatto dye on cotton fibers. The results of the zeta potential and the adsorption revealed that the uptake of annatto dye on modified cotton fibers occurred via electrostatic attractions between the anion of the dye and the cationic segments on the modified cotton fibers.
Effects of Polar Solvent on the Structure and Properties of M-Aramid Fibers
Authors: Zhang Hua Peng , Feng Xin Xing , Zhu Hai Lin , Chen Jian Yong
Published: January 2012

The effects of polar solvent on the surface morphology, glass transition temperature, crystalline structure, dimensional changes and dye uptakes of m-aramid fibers were characterized by SEM, DSC, XRD, FTIR and dyeing process after dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent treatment under different conditions. After DMSO solvent treatment, the surface of the fiber is roughened, the diameter of the fiber increases, and the specific surface area is increased. The crystallite size shows a little increase, but the glass transition temperature of the fiber drops sharply. Electron diffraction shows that effects of DMSO on the fiber structure is non-uniform, and the obvious structural changes lie on the outer surface of the fiber. Dye uptake increase has been achieved through the DMSO induced structural changes. The results have been used to improve the dyeability of meta-aramid fiber.
Stabilization of Natural Dyes by High Levels of Antioxidants
Authors: Li Da Peng , Calvert Paul , Mello Charlene , Morabito Kenneth , Tripathi Anubhav , Shapley Nina , Gilida Kristin
Published: January 2012

Natural dyes are normally unstable to photooxidation by UV light. We have measured the stability of a number of natural dyes in combination with high concentrations of antioxidants, excited state quenchers, and UV absorbers. We find that certain combinations, including indigo/BHT, methylene blue/p-benzoquinone, and methylene blue/triethylamine show enhanced stability in solution and/or in thin polymer films. By comparing solutions and films of the mixed components with solutions and films of the antioxidant placed between the dye and UV source, we can show that the effect is not UV screening but is due to some form of intermolecular chemistry. We believe that this effect may account for the high stability of natural dyes in plant tissues, such as the skins of fruit, and may be usable to stabilize natural dyes in foods or textiles, especially if suitable nanoparticle structures can be developed.
A "Paper-Press" Finish to Wool Fabric Using the Pressure Decatiser
Authors: Ly Nathan , Qian Pei De , Yang Li Yong , Cao Jing Xin , Chen Wei Guo
Published: January 2012

A process has been developed to impart permanent paper press finish to wool fabric using the pressure decatiser. This involves developing a new wrapper fabric with appropriate smoothness, strength and steam permeability. The processing time is similar to that normally used in the pressure decatiser, thus in comparison with the conventional Paper Press finish, the processing and labour costs are significantly reduced.
Improvement in UV-Protection Property of Cotton Fabric and Fastness of Finishing Performance
Authors: Chu Yan Yan , Guo Zheng , Wang Qing , Cui Shi Zhong
Published: January 2012

Three types of hydrosol including TiO2hydrosol, ZnO hydrosoland TiO2/ZnO compound hydrosol prepared at room temperature by sol-gel technology were applied to cotton fabric by pad-cure-dry finishing process in order to improve UV-protection property. The SEM image showed that all the three types of sol formed a thin layer film on the cotton fiber. The results of UV-protection property tests showed that with the TiO2sol and TiO2/ZnO compound sol, the cotton fabric have better UV-protection property, but the cotton fabric finished by ZnO sol didnt get little UV protection property. The fastness of UV-protection performance by soaping was also researched in this paper. The test results justified that the soaping process after finishing was a very useful and helpful process to improve the UV-protection property. The cotton fabric finished by ZnO sol after 50 times soaping got better UV-protection property than that without soaping. The UV-protection property of cotton fabric finished by TiO2/ZnO compound sol was also improved dramatically similarly after 50 times soaping. The fabric finished by TiO2sol got best UV-protection property in the three types of fabric without soaping and the UV-protection of it after 30 times soaping raised to peak value but decreased with longer soaping times.
Super Anti-UV Bombyx Silk Fabric Preparation Based on Sol Coating
Authors: Hu Yi , Wang Sheng Peng , Zhao Wen Hua , Liu Jin Qiang , Lou Wei , Xu Jian Hua
Published: January 2012

An anti-UV complex coating based on Ti sol for bombyx silk fabric was prepared. The process included using sols prepared by tetrabutyl titanate hydrolysis. The coating for the samples was prepared using the sol-gel method. Data from WAXD and TGA indicated that the properties of treated fabric showed little change when sol was introduced. SEM analysis was carried out to study the morphology of the fibers. Compared with the original sample, the UPF value of the treated sample increased from 31.99 to 213.09 with a high anti-UV performance.
Synthesis and Transport of K+ Ions of Mono-Substituted Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Tao Xu Chen , Li Lei
Published: January 2012

To yield a series of upper rim mono-substituted compounds with potential possibility to polymerize with other monomers, the p-tert-butyl groups were removed from the p-tert-butylcalix[arene, and acrylamido groups were incorporated. These target products were characterized by IR,1H NMR, elemental analysis and ESI-MS. The transport of K+ion was studied. Results indicate the substituting groups with the ability to withdraw electron are benefit to the net transport.
Effect of Gold Nanoparticles on Fluorescence Properties of Hyperbranched Poly(amido amine)s
Authors: Ding Miao Jun , Wang Yin , Sun Xin Ke , Jiang Guo Hua
Published: January 2012

Hyperbranched poly (amino amine) s (HPAMAMs), synthesized by Michael addition of 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperazine (AEPZ) and methyl acrylate (MA), can emit blue fluorescence under excitation wavelength. However, the relatively weak fluorescence of HPAMAMs is still an obstacle for its practical applications. Gold is one of the most frequently used metals for fluorescence enhancement. In this research, the influence of gold nanoparticles on fluorescence property of HPAMAMs was investigated by fluorometry. It was found that gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with smaller size (< 5 nm) presented greatly enhanced emission. The GNPs with larger size (~10 nm in diameter) and definite surface plasmon absorption can quench the fluorescence of HPAMAMs.
Preparation and Application of Waterborne Unsaturated Fiber Crosslinking Agent
Authors: Chen Jin Long , Zhang Xiu Mei , He Yi Xin , Miao Cong
Published: January 2012

A polymer was synthesized by emulsion copolymerization of styrene (St), glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and isoprene. Sodium dodecyl sulfate was used as emulsifier, while sodium persulfate was the initiator. The effect of the polymer on paper wet-strength and dry-strength was investigated. The polymer contains phenyl groups which confer hydrophobicity to fibers so as to improve paper wet performance, and epoxy groups that can react with carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups in fibers aiming to increase paper strength, and double bonds toward self-polymerization in certain condition. Prepared polymer was applied to make handsheets of wood pulp and the handsheets were cured by high temperature or UV radiation. The Raman spectra showed that the polymer contained hydrophobic benzene, epoxy groups and double bonds. The SEM analysis indicated that paper fracture was caused by fiber breakage, which supported the theory that the polymer could increase interfiber-bonding strength. The experimental results indicated that the best monomer molar ratio was 1:1:1, while the optimum reaction conditions were a temperature of 40 °C and a reaction time of 5 hours.
Electrochemical Treatment of Simulated Dye Wastewater
Authors: Chen Feng Tao , Yu San Chuan , Mu Xing Qiong , Zhang Shi Shen
Published: January 2012

The Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3/PbO2 electrodes were prepared by thermal decomposition method and its application in the electrochemical degradation of a heteropolyaromatic dye, Methylene blue (MB), contained in simulated dye wastewater were investigated under mild conditions. The effects of pH, current density and electrolysis time on de-colorization efficiency were also studied. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was selected as another parameter to evaluate the efficiency of this degradation method on treatment of MB wastewater. The results revealed that when initial pH was 6.0, current density was 50 mA·cm2, electrolysis time was 60 min, Na2SO4 as electrolyte and its concentration was 3.0 g·dm3, the de-colorization and COD removal efficiency can reach 89.9% and 71.7%, respectively.
Photocatalytic Degradation Kinetics of Reactive Red 3BS Using Ag Doped TiO2
Authors: Yu Bo , Cai Zai Sheng , Wang Wei Ming , Lu Chun Chun
Published: January 2012

The photocatalyst of Ag doped TiO2 in liquid state was applied to decolorize the Reactive Red 3BS under UV irradiation. The rate of photocatalytic degradation of the dye was improved with increasing the concentration of catalyst from 1 g/L to 8 g/L. But as a result of light attenuation for the rising catalyst concentration, the rate of reaction was constant at 8-12 g/L of the catalyst concentration. The rate of dye photocatalytic degradation decreased with increasing initial concentration of dye. The kinetics of photocatalytic reaction was also studied. The results showed that degradation reaction is congruent with an apparent first-order kinetic equation, and the relationship between apparent reaction rate and initial dye concentration fits approximately a negative second-order kinetic relationship.
Effect of Chemical Finishing on Water Retention of Knitted Pure Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Xu Wei Jie , Zhang Yu Gao , Ge Yuan Yu
Published: January 2012

The effect of chemical finishings on water retention of knitted pure cotton fabrics has been studied in this paper. Knitted cotton fabrics are not readily dried after home laundering, leading to high consumption of energy for drying. With the increasing environmental concerns, it is important to reduce the water retention of the knitted pure cotton fabrics. In this study, the effect of hydrophilic finishing, hydrophobic finishing and resin finishing on water retention of fabrics was systemically investigated. The results showed that the hydrophilic finishing agent and hydrophilic softener have little influence on water retention of the fabrics, while the resin significantly decreases the water retention. The hydrophobic finishing agent and hydrophobic softener reduce the water retention. However, it was also found that the water retention has positive relationship with the interaction of hydrophobic finishing agent and resin. In addition, a mathematical equation between water retention and the amount of hydrophobic finishing agent and resin was established.
The Impact of Liquid Surface Tension on Fabric Drying Efficiency
Authors: Tu Ji Li , Qian Chun Jie , Ge Hua Yun , Wang Ji Ping , Liu Jin Qiang
Published: January 2012

This study presents an experimental investigation of the relationship between liquid surface tension and fabrics water retention in dehydration processes such as centrifuging, line drying and heat drying. Selected surfactants were used to prepare wash baths with different surface tension, and dehydrating experiments of cotton fabric after immersion in above bath were conducted. The results showed that lower surface tension is beneficial to reducing fabrics water retention by centrifuging and improving line drying efficiency and heat drying efficiency. It was assumed that water with low surface tension is easy to drop down or separate from fabric, thus improving the de-watering and drying efficiency.
A Time-Saving Measuring Method for Mass Fraction of Fiber Contained in Blend Fabric
Authors: Zhang Cai Qian , Liu Cheng Xia
Published: January 2012

The mass fraction of ten pieces of bi-component fabric was measured by both the conventional dissolution method (DSM) and a newly-designed carbonization retention rate method (CRM). The result showed that the error deviation between DSM and CRM is less than 5%, which is acceptable according to the standards of AATCC 20-2007 and FZ/T 01053-2007. The significance lies in that the time used for CRM test is considerably reduced with less than 2h, compared to DSM which requires more than 4 h.
The Evaluation of Fabric Prickle Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Li Tian Tian , Shao Jian Zhong , Zhou Jin Li , Zhang Tian Zuo
Published: January 2012

A three-layer BP neural network model was established by relating subjective evaluation of fabric prickle level and 16 objective parameters from KES-FB system. The elastic gradient decrease method was adopted for network training to achieve the preset precision of the model which was later applied to fabric prickle level evaluation. Results from this method gave a considerably accuracy compared with actual subjective results which implied a compatibility between BP neural network and traditional subjective evaluation.
The Efficient Wool Keratin Dissolution Based on New Reductant
Authors: Wang Jiang Bo , Liu Jian Yong , Wang Jie , Bin De Shan
Published: January 2012

The dissolution of the wool keratin has a history of several decades, but the effective dissolution method has not been found yet. In this article, a novel reducing agent TCEP (Tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine) was used, which has a strong ability for selective reduction of disulfide bonds. With a joint use of sodium bisulfite, the wool dissolution has a great advantage in wool processing compared with previous methods; Through amino acid analysis, it was found that the content of the cysteine decreased significantly when using the TCEP as reducing agent, and the other amino acids did not change significantly, indicating that TCEP has high selectivity for reduction of disulfide bonds, and plays a significant role to maintain the molecular weight of keratin. The efficiency of dissolution was greatly improved; dissolution time was 4h, dissolution rate was 93.6%, keratin concentration was 10%, the yield of keratin with the molecular weight more than 3500 and more than 8000 were 80% and 72% respectively. By using SDS-PAGE, we can get that the main molecular weight of the keratin was 14000-20000.
Establishment of Database of Color Matching System for Supercritical CO2 Dyeing
Authors: Huang Gang , Dong Feng Chun , Wang Jun Hua , Jia Yong Tang
Published: January 2012

Database of color matching system for supercritical CO2 dyeing was established and its accuracy was verified. The K/S value curves of each of the trichromatic disperse dyes (C.I. Disperse Orange 30, C.I. Disperse Red 167 and C.I. Disperse Blue 79) were parallel, which indicated that the samples suits for building database of color matching system. The color matching system was emended with calibration coefficients that were derived from data of several samples dyed with a mixtures of disperse dyes in supercritical CO2. The recipes for a given sample could be found with the calibrated color matching system in supercritical CO2 dyeing.
Biological Colors
Authors: Fan Qin Guo
Published: January 2012

Biological systems have their unique color generation mechanisms based on the selective reflection of light using colorants, scattering, interference and diffraction principles. Plants and animals can use either biochromes or schemochromes effectively thus presenting to us a beautiful colored world. Biochromes like chlorophylls and carotenoids are colorants synthesized by biological systems via a biochemical process and can reflect components of white light selectively, whereas schemochromes rely on the colorless structural characteristics of a biological component to generate a specific range of the visible light. Examples of both biochromes and schemochromes are presented and the current research progress discussed in this review.
Environmentally Friendly Multifunctional Treatments of Textiles with Photo-Active Colorants
Authors: Liu Ning , Sun Gang
Published: January 2012

As an effort to develop environmentally friendly light-induced functional treatments for fabrics, certain acid dyes were incorporated onto different fabrics. The treated fabrics demonstrated powerful and durable antimicrobial and oxidative detoxifying functions after light exposure. In this presentation, we will report the latest progresses in using certain anthraquinone compounds in treatments of wool, nylon, silk and cotton fabrics. The dyed fabrics could demonstrate antimicrobial functions upon exposed to UVA (365 nm) and fluorescent light. However, it was more interesting to observe that the surfaces of the dyed wool fibers became polished with scales removed after being exposed to UV or day light for certain time. The chemical structures and thermal properties of the dyed fabrics were investigated by using different instrumentation such as SEM, FTIR, and other instruments, and the results verified the proposed oxidation reactions of the fibers. This research proves that dyeing fabrics with photo-active dyes could be a new green functional treatment on textiles.
The Effect of Mordan Complexation of Natural Pigments on the Dyeing of Wool Dyeing of Natural Pigments
Authors: Sun Yun Jiang , Meng Qing Tao
Published: January 2012

The effects of different pH values and temperatures on the dyeing behavior of three types of natural pigment (lac dyer red, gardenia yellow, gardenia blue) on wool fabric was determined. The optimal dyeing temperature was found to be 100degC and the optimal pH value was 4 when using the most suitable mordant, aluminium sulfate. After mordant dyeing the fabric colour fastness basically met the requirements.
The Effect of Different Plasma Treatments on the Pigment Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Chen Ying , Wang Zhi Jia , Song Fu Jia , Xu Yong Hua
Published: January 2012

In this paper, the application of glow discharge (low pressure) and dielectric barrier discharge (atmospheric) prior to pigment dyeing of cotton fabric was studied. Different parameters of power and time during the process were also discussed. The dyeing effect after different plasma treatment was analyzed by SEM observations and measurements of the K/S value, levelness and color fastness. The results indicated that the particle diameter of pigment affected pigment dyeing, and the K/S value increased as particle diameter decreased. These two plasma treatments could enhance the properties of pigment dyeing with satisfied color fastnesses. Fabrics treated by plasma should be dyed within 2 hours of plasma treatment to ensure optimum results. The power of atmospheric plasma treatments was relatively high without maintaining a vacuum atmosphere, and it could be processed continuously with high efficiency and K/S value.
Engineering Rules-Based Orthogonal and Variable-Steps Pipe Routing Algorithm for Aero-Engines
Authors: Bai Xiao Lan , Zhang Yu
Published: January 2012

Pipe routing is to design the routes for pipes in 3D space, meeting various constraints and engineering rules. This paper proposes the engineering rules-based orthogonal and variable-steps pipe routing algorithm. Firstly, the cylindrical coordinate system was adopted to describe the layout space and obstacles. In view of two endpoints of the pipe and obstacles in between, the local searching space was built. Then, the searching algorithm was given according to engineering rules, which was involved with the orthogonal searching directions and their order, the searching variable-steps. Moreover, the specific flow of this algorithm was described. The algorithm requires less memory space and has a fast search speed. The case study shows it is feasible and effective.
The Study on Component Composition Based on Extend UML 2 Component Diagrams
Authors: Liu Yuan Yong
Published: January 2012

In order to push the composition of components a further step forward, the component language CompJava introduces structural units of component code that may participate via the intermediary of plugs in the composition process. An extension of UML 2 component diagrams by the new features has proven very valuable in order to visualize the compositional structure of components for a better understanding and communication. The transformation of a CompJava component diagram into the CompJava language is straightforward and precisely defined.
Analysis on the Feet-Pressure between Flatfoot and Normal Foot
Authors: Fang Wei Fei
Published: January 2012

Inquire into normal foot and the foot bottom of the flatfoot pressure difference to provide a reference. Carring on footprint diagraph to 206 volunteers, is divided into normal foot according to the foot bow blank width in the footprint 157, 49 flatfoots.Adopt foot bottom pressure's distributing to test system is checked the foot bottom pressure to carry on diagraph to 2 sets.Measure medium be checked request to take off shoes and socks to tread Tai to walk as usual, take three average value, dynamic state's recording 2 sets is checked foot bottom pressure.As usual fully the contact area of heel and front forefootis bigger than flatfoot, p<0.05;As usual fully the bow contact area is smaller than flatfoot, p<0.05.As usual fully bow and front the blunt quantity that forefootis subjected to is smaller than flatfoot, p<0.05;Normal heel is hurtled Be had great capacity to flatfoot, p<0.05;Under static state and dynamic state circumstance the pressures of the forefootand the foot bow acceptance are all bigger than normal foot before the flatfoot, p<0.05.Conclusion:Flatfoot the pressure center is more intensive while hitting the ground, its foot bow and front the blunt quantity been subjected to by forefootis a little bit greatly.
Simulation Research of Engine Cooling System
Authors: Chen Xiao Jie
Published: January 2012

The engine cooling system is very important for engine working efficiently. Using AMEsim software to simulate the cooling system can make it easily and clearly. So the simulation system is built. The engine cooling system structure is given first, and the model followed. The influence of the heat component and the fan operating is studied also. Through the analysis of the cooling system, we know that with the help of fan, the system can get additional air in the radiator and make the temperature decrease onsequently. This is very useful to make engine working in high performance.
Construction Energy Conservation Application Research Based on Swarm Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Yong Jun
Published: January 2012

Genetic algorithm, particle swarm algorithm such as rise intelligence algorithm have unique advantages in multiple objective optimization areas, using the algorithm, based on architectural construction, materials, environment, climate, usage and features and other aspects of the overall optimization, can quickly and effectively realize the comprehensive effect of building energy efficiency optimization goal. This paper discusses the problem of multiple building energy efficiency, and for intelligent algorithm in building energy saving the optimization technology on the comprehensive introduction, finally how to particle swarm algorithm is applied to building energy efficiency optimization was attempted.
High-Precision Locating Technology of Automatic Port High-Speed & Heavy Load Rail Power-Driven Trolley
Authors: Huang Xi Xia , Kong Xiang Pin
Published: January 2012

This paper proposes high-precision locating technology for high-speed & heavy load electric rail trolley in automatic port. Smooth starting/braking and precise positioning is necessary for power-driven rail trolley. This paper presents the soft start scheme and the “double stop” scheme in braking process. In the first stop process, the trolley speed is reduced using variable frequency speed control system. For the second stop process, mechanical braking is adopted for precision locating. Considering wheel-rail adhesion, the trolley braking acceleration is determined. Analysis shows soft start is able to achieve balance between acceleration and running stability of trolley, and “double stop” scheme can not only stop stably, but also achieve precise locating.
Facile Synthesis of LnPO4: Tb (Ln = Ce, Gd) Green Emission Phosphors at Specific Temperature (80 or 680°С)
Authors: Wang Qian Ming , Zhang Zheng Yang , Li Yan
Published: January 2012

Cerium and gadolinium phosphate micro-meter size phosphors with average diameters of 20-50 μM were prepared. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) data confirmed the crystalline phases of samples could be formed at different temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigated the morphology and crystalline of the samples, showing that many regular and large pores (100-200 μM) were dispersed within the micro-meter scale composites. We have proved the above crystal growth structures were controllable and predicable based on the current conditions.
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling Under an Accurate System Energy Model
Authors: Xu Shen , Li Jun Song , Jiang Jian Feng
Published: January 2012

Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is a technique used in modern portable devices operated by battery to set voltage and frequency levels that meet performance requirements while minimizing energy consumption. Most of the present work on DVFS policies are based on simplistic assumptions about the hardware characteristics. In this paper, we discuss the DVFS problem under an accurate system energy model which comes from a application system portable media player (PMP) with a DVFS-capable processor PXA255. We present an optimal DVFS algorithm based on all frequency combinations at the cost of large computation. And a simplified algorithm based on two frequency combinations consumes a little more energy than the former with less computations. The experiment results show that the proposed two algorithms reduce the energy consumption effectively.
Applications of Nanotechnology in Green Energy Manufacturing
Authors: Chen Jian Rong , Hong Qi
Published: January 2012

Green manufacturing is part of the continuous improvement strategy and green energy is indispensable to carry out green manufacturing because manufacturing is energy intensive. Green energy manufacturing is not easy to carry out with conventional means, but with the introduction of nanotechnology, many technical bottlenecks of green energy manufacturing can be resolved. This paper discussed the applications of nanotechnology in green energy manufacturing, especially in the manufacturing of several typical green energy such as solar energy, nuclear energy, biomass energy and geothermal energy, and then pointed out that nanotechnology was helpful to eliminate the technical bottlenecks of green energy manufacturing. Finally, with looking forward to the future, conclusion was drown that by the use of nanotechnology in green energy manufacturing, the supply of green energy would go up to a great new level and the green energy manufacturing would get remarkable progress.
Development and Application of Hot Rolling Lubrication Control System Based on Expert System
Authors: Peng Liang Gui , Hu Xian Lei , Li Xu , Zhang Dian Hua , Yang Gui Ling , Wu Zhong Liang
Published: January 2012

To integrate a new roll gap lubrication system into an existing hot strip mill is a challenge problem. A lubrication expert system was developed and embedded into finish rolling setup system. The reference value setup by expert system is downloaded to roll bite lubrication PLC via finish mill PLC to open oil spraying valve and regulate the oil concentration. Oil spraying time sequence is an important factor to make good lubrication effect and to keep the rolling process stable. Since online application of the hot rolling lubrication system, rolling force and work roll wear has been reduced dramatically, especially rolling thin strip.
Study of Building Energy-Saving Based on TRIZ
Authors: Luo Jian
Published: January 2012

Energy saving always attracts many countries'attentions. Energy saving reform of the existing buildings was accepted in many countries. There are a lot of innovation in energy saving. In this paper, we believe that TRIZ can solve these problems in energy saving. Then, we constructed a model of energy-saving based on TRIZ. This model proposed preliminary solutions by using TRIZ in energy saving. TRIZ will be applied more in this field.
Evaluation on Biocompatibility of Materials of Goose-Head Nail Steel Plates
Authors: Gao Ming , Liu Qing Fang , Zhao Yao
Published: January 2012

Aim of this study was to detect biocompatibility of the materials of goose-head nail steel plates, so as to evaluate the safety of these kind of materials. We combined sensitization test,intracutaneous irritation test,chromosome aberration test,Ames test and a local reaction test after implantation to evaluate the biocompatibility of the test samples. The results suggest that the test samples have no sensitization, no intracutaneous irritation, no genotoxicity in chromosome aberration test and Ames test. Materials of Goose-head Nail Steel Plates are biologically safe and could be generalized for clinic application.
Investigation of Promoting Professional Practical Ability of Undergraduate Students in Materials Majors
Authors: Du Guo Li , Feng Xiao Xin
Published: January 2012

The structure of professional practical ability was analysed, and it was pointed out that the professional practical ability is composed of knowledge, skills and powers to use knowledge and to innovate in technology. The instructional strategies for promoting professional practical ability were investigated. Through organizing the knowledge structure rationally and letting students acquire knowledge by the way of "problem-solving" in classroom, teachers can make students gain the knowledge to be favorable to use. Through teaching students logical thinking method and scientific method, teachers can make students master the thinking methods that are favorable to use knowledge. And through strengthening practical instruction in laboratory and constructing practical platform of college-enterprise cooperation, teachers can make students acquire professional skill.
The Trend Estimate of the Wind Turbine Based on the Wavelet Neural Network
Authors: Wang Zhi Jie , Liu San Ming , Luan Lin Lin , Xiao Hua Qiao
Published: January 2012

In this paper，adopting wavelet neural network，fault forecast of characteristic parameters of Wind turbine are realized by forecasting time series of key characteristic parameters of Wind turbine that include vibration intensity. With more degree of freedom in relation to the general neural network, wavelet neural network is in possession of more vivid and more valid ability in function approximation. With the good partial characteristic and distinguish rate learning wavelet neural network realizes the signal with good matching, and then wavelet neural network had stronger self-adaptation ability, more sooner convergence rate and higher forecast accuracy. Emulation and experiment result show that the forecast accuracy of the wavelet neural network meets demand and is of far reaching importance to guarantee the steam turbine circulate efficiently safety .
The New Rural Residential Building Materials of Low Carbon Mode of Thinking
Authors: Luo Yuan
Published: January 2012

In the current transition conditions, living in rural areas how to form a new model to address the issue of live and living is very necessary. Mountainous rural areas and more for less, construction methods and how to inject carbon idea behind such issues as the actual situation in rural areas of the construction line tools and real estate construction materials, forming a certain significance of the ideas and methods.
Application of Constant Modulus Algorithm on the Civil Aviation VHF Radio Interference Suppression
Authors: Yang Yun Hui , Ji Yi Ping
Published: January 2012

In the Air Traffic Control (ATC) communication system of Civil Aviation, the radio interference has become a big problem to the safety of the flight airplanes in recent years. In this paper, we propose an adaptive interference canceling technology to take radical measures to solve the problem. We separate the interference signals and the desired signals with the Constant Modulus (CM) Algorithm, and then get the training signals on the assumption of that the signal is not the CM signal and the interference is CM signal. The study has very important practical value because our research work is doing around the difficulties disturbing civil air management department.