bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The partially pre-ordered set of compactifications of Cp(X, Y)
Authors: Dorantes-Aldama A. , Rojas-Hernández R. , Tamariz-Mascarúa Á.
Published: July 2015

In the set of compactifications of X we consider the partial pre-order defined by (W, h) ≤X (Z, g) if there is a continuous function f : Z ⇢ W, such that (f ∘ g)(x) = h(x) for every x ∈ X. Two elements (W, h) and (Z, g) of K(X) are equivalent, (W, h) ≡X (Z, g), if there is a homeomorphism h : W ! Z such that (f ∘ g)(x) = h(x) for every x ∈ X. We denote by K(X) the upper semilattice of classes of equivalence of compactifications of X defined by ≤X and ≡X. We analyze in this article K(Cp(X, Y)) where Cp(X, Y) is the space of continuous functions from X to Y with the topology inherited from the Tychonoff product space YX. We write Cp(X) instead of Cp(X, R).

We prove that for a first countable space Y, K(Cp(X, Y)) is not a lattice if any of the following cases happen:

(a) Y is not locally compact,

(b) X has only one non isolated point and Y is not compact.

Furthermore, K(Cp(X)) is not a lattice when X satisfies one of the following properties:

(i) X has a non-isolated point with countable character,

(ii) X is not pseudocompact,

(iii) X is infinite, pseudocompact and Cp(X) is normal,

(iv) X is an infinite generalized ordered space.

Moreover, K(Cp(X)) is not a lattice when X is an infinite Corson compact space, and for every space X, K(Cp(Cp(X))) is not a lattice. Finally, we list some unsolved problems.
Elastic, thermoelastic and piezoelectric properties of 11 new bis(alkylammonium) and bis(polyalkylammonium) zirconium bis(nitrilotriacetates)
Authors: Haussühl Eiken , Haussühl Siegfried , Tillmanns Ekkehart
Published: July 2015

Single crystals with dimensions up to 20 × 20 × 20 mm3 of 11 new bis(alkylammonium) zirconium bis(nitrilotriacetates) have been grown from aqueous solutions. Their elastic and thermoelastic properties were derived from ultrasonic resonant frequencies of plane-parallel plates and their shift upon variation of temperature, respectively. All of these crystal species belong to the monoclinic or orthorhombic crystal systems. The majority possesses an acentric crystal structure giving rise to piezoelectric effects, which surmount the maximum longitudinal piezoelectric effect d
111 of α-quartz by a factor of two. The pyroelectric effect of two of these specimens is about three to four times larger than

π
3
σ

$\pi _3^\sigma $

of tourmaline. In addition, the tensors of thermal expansion were determined. Owing to the dominating large size of the anion most physical properties of the salts with different cations behave quite similar. Branched or more globular alkylammonium cations generate a slightly larger mean elastic stiffness than unbranched cations.
Russell’s Neutral Monist Theory of Desire
Authors: Griffin Nicholas
Published: July 2015

Russell’s theory of desire in The Analysis of Mind is subject to a seemingly overwhelming objection, apparently stated first by Wittgenstein and subsequently elaborated even more compellingly by Anthony Kenny. The puzzle is that, before he became a neutral monist, Russell had used essentially the same argument as part of a critique of William James’s theory of knowledge. Since Russell had already formulated the argument as part of his case against generally naturalistic, and specifically neutral monist, theories of propositional attitudes, why did he think his own neutral monist theory of desire was exempt? I canvass various suggestions, but argue that none of them are effective.
Russell's Personal Shorthand
Authors: Blackwell Kenneth
Published: July 2015

The use of a personal shorthand, including systematic abbreviations, is found in Russell’s extensive, unpublished notes on lectures he attended in 1893–98, notes on such philosophers as Lotze, Leibniz, Frege and Meinong, and outlines for writings at any age. While special shorthand symbols are few, abbreviations are extensive and managed with raised letters, apostrophes and periods.
The Patient Centered Assessment Method (PCAM): Integrating the Social Dimensions of Health into Primary Care
Authors: Pratt Rebekah , Hibberd Carina , Cameron Isobel M. , Maxwell Margaret
Published: July 2015

Background

Social dimensions of health are known to contribute to what is often termed “patient complexity,” which is particularly common among patients with multimorbidity. Health-care professionals require tools to help them identify and manage these aspects of patient needs.

Objectives

To examine: (i) the Patient Centered Assessment Method (PCAM), a tool for assessing patient complexity in ways that are sensitive to the biopsychosocial dimensions of health, in primary care settings in Scotland; (ii) the impact of the PCAM on referral patterns and its perceived value; and (iii) the PCAM's perceived applicability for use in a complex patient population.

Design

Two studies are described: (i) a mixed-methods prospective cohort study of the implementation of the PCAM in primary care clinics; and (ii) a qualitative exploratory study that evaluated the value of the PCAM in a complex patient population.

Results

Use of the PCAM did not impact patient satisfaction or perception of practitioners’ empathy, but it did increase both the number of onward referrals per referred patient (9–12%) and the proportion of referrals to non-medical services addressing psychological, social, and lifestyle needs. Nurses valued the PCAM, particularly its ability to help them address psychological and social domains of patients’ lives, and found it to be highly relevant for use in populations with known high complexity.

Conclusions

The PCAM represents a feasible approach for assessing patient needs with consideration to the social dimensions of health, and allows practitioners to refer patients to a broader range of services to address patient complexity.
The State of Federal Research Funding in Genetics as Reflected by Members of the Genetics Society of America
Authors: Rine Jasper , Fagen Adam P
Published: July 2015

Scientific progress runs on the intellect, curiosity, and passion of its practitioners fueled by the research dollars of its sponsors. The concern over research funding in biology in general and genetics in particular led us to survey the membership of the Genetics Society of America for information about the federal support of genetics at the level of individual principal investigators. The results paint a mosaic of circumstances—some good, others not so good—that describes some of our present challenges with sufficient detail to suggest useful steps that could address the challenges.
Procesamiento de imágenes para reconocimiento de daños causados por plagas en el cultivo de Begonia semperflorens (flor de azúcar)
Authors: Cáceres Flórez Camilo Andrés , Ramos Sandoval Olga Lucia , Amaya Hurtado Dario
Published: July 2015

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados obtenidos en el reconocimiento de plagas utilizando la visión de máquina por computador como elemento de diagnóstico.  La captura de las imágenes se realizó por medio de un agente robótico aéreo (drone) equipado con una cámara, lo que permitió capturar las imáge-nes del estado de las hojas de un cultivo de la planta conocida como ‘flor de azúcar’ (Begonia semperflo-rens).  Estas imágenes fueron procesadas utilizando técnicas de visión de máquina con el fin de identificar el posible ataque de plagas en el cultivo.  Las técnicas utilizadas corresponden a filtros morfo-lógicos, difuminado gaussiano y filtrado HSL.  Como resultado principal de este trabajo se detectaron perforaciones de hojas ocasionadas por el ataque de plagas, específicamente babosas, caracoles, arañas rojas y minadoras.
 

 

 

 
Enraizaimento de estacas de Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. com o uso de ácido indolbutírico
Authors: Loss Arcangelo , Costa Elias Mendes , Pereira Heitor Paulo Nascimento , Almeida Jander Ferreira
Published: July 2015

O uso de ácido indolbutírico (IBA) como estimulador do enraizamento em estacas de Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. pode propiciar aumento de raízes para a formação de mudas comercializáveis.  Objetivou-se avaliar o enraizamento, a formação de brotos e a sobrevivência de estacas herbáceas, lenhosas e semi-lenhosas de Bougainvillea com o uso de ácido indolbutírico (IBA).  As estacas foram coletadas e tratadas com o IBA (1000 e 2000 mg/lt).  Aos 56 dias avaliaram-se a porcentagem de estacas vivas, enraizadas e com brotos; o número de brotos e de raízes por estaca e o comprimento da maior raiz e maior broto.  As menores porcentagens de enraizamento foram verificadas nas estacas sem o uso de IBA.  Maiores diferenças foram verificadas para as estacas lenhosas.  O uso do IBA favorece o enraizamento de estacas de Bougainvillea, com melhor desempenho para as estacas lenhosas e na concentração de 2000 mg/lt de IBA.
 

 

 

 
A Bimodal Extension of the Generalized Gamma Distribution
Authors: Çankaya Mehmet Niyazi , Bulut Yakup Murat , Dogru Fatma Zehra , Arslan Olcay
Published: July 2015

A bimodal extension of the generalized gamma distribution is proposed by using a mixing approach. Some distributional properties of the new distribution are investigated. The maximum likelihood (ML) estimators for the parameters of the new distribution are obtained. Real data examples are given to show the strength of the new distribution for modeling data.
Global Polynomial Kernel Hazard Estimation
Authors: Hiabu Munir , Martínez-Miranda María Dolores , Nielsen Jens Perch , Spreeuw Jaap , Tanggaard Carsten , Villegas Andrés M.
Published: July 2015

This paper introduces a new bias reducing method for kernel hazard estimation. The method is called global polynomial adjustment (GPA). It is a global correction which is applicable to any kernel hazard estimator. The estimator works well from a theoretical point of view as it asymptotically reduces bias with unchanged variance. A simulation study investigates the finite-sample properties of GPA. The method is tested on local constant and local linear estimators. From the simulation experiment we conclude that the global estimator improves the goodness-of-fit. An especially encouraging result is that the bias-correction works well for small samples, where traditional bias reduction methods have a tendency to fail.
Slashed Exponentiated Rayleigh Distribution
Authors: Salinas Hugo S. , Iriarte Yuri A. , Bolfarine Heleno
Published: July 2015

In this paper we introduce a new distribution for modeling positive data with high kurtosis. This distribution can be seen as an extension of the exponentiated Rayleigh distribution. This extension builds on the quotient of two independent random variables, one exponentiated Rayleigh in the numerator and Beta(q,1) in the denominator with q>0. It is called the slashed exponentiated Rayleigh random variable. There is evidence that the distribution of this new variable can be more flexible in terms of modeling the kurtosis regarding the exponentiated Rayleigh distribution. The properties of this distribution are studied and the parameter estimates are calculated using the maximum likelihood method. An application with real data reveals good performance of this new distribution.
Calculation of Modal Contributions to Heat Transfer across Si/Ge Interfaces
Authors: Gordiz Kiarash , Henry Asegun
Published: July 2015

Using our newly proposed interface conductance modal analysis (ICMA) formalism, we study the modal contributions to thermal interface conductance (G ) across the interface of crystalline silicon and crystalline germanium. We present the accumulation functions of G at different temperatures and predict G as a function of temperature after proper quantum-corrections have been applied. Different classes of vibration are identified across the interface, among which interfacial modes are determined to have the highest per mode contribution to G . The results demonstrate the ability of ICMA in not only calculating the spectral contributions to G but exactly pinpointing the shape of each vibrational eigen state.
Heat Transfer Performance of Micro-Porous Copper Foams with Homogeneous and Hybrid Structures Manufactured by Lost Carbonate Sintering
Authors: Baloyo Jan Mary , Zhao Yuyuan
Published: July 2015

The heat transfer coefficients of homogeneous and hybrid micro-porous copper foams, produced by the Lost Carbonate Sintering (LCS) process, were measured under one-dimensional forced convection conditions using water coolant. In general, increasing the water flow rate led to an increase in the heat transfer coefficients. For homogeneous samples, the optimum heat transfer performance was observed for samples with 60% porosity. Different trends in the heat transfer coefficients were found in samples with hybrid structures. Firstly, for horizontal bilayer structures, placing the high porosity layer by the heater gave a higher heat transfer coefficient than the other way round. Secondly, for integrated vertical bilayer structures, having the high porosity layer by the water inlet gave a better heat transfer performance. Lastly, for segmented vertical bilayer samples, having the low porosity layer by the water inlet offered the greatest heat transfer coefficient overall, which is five times higher than its homogeneous counterpart.
“Never the ‘Twain Shall Meet”
Authors: Shields James
Published: July 2015

This article explores the categories of "East" and "West" within teaching and scholarship on Asian religions. After reflection on both the problematic and useful aspects of these terms in classroom pedagogy, I analyze the life and work of Hirai Kinza (1859–1916), a Japanese lay Buddhist who experimented with Unitarianism and socialism in an attempt to bridge "East" and "West" in the context of Japanese modernization.
Pedagogical Issues of Teaching "Eastern" and "Western" Traditions
Authors: Goulet T. Nicole
Published: July 2015

Rather than doing away with the categories of "East" and "West," this article draws attention to and problematizes these classifications as constructed notions of space that are always changing. Theoretical models such as Orientalism and neo-Orientalism help us to critically evaluate these categories and thus make them useful in the classroom.
NAASR Notes
Authors: Sheedy Matt
Published: July 2015

NAASR Notes began as feature with the Bulletin for the Study of Religion blog, where we invite members of the North American Association for the Study of Religion to describe books they are reading and/or research and writing projects that will be of interests to scholars in the field. The following are the first five pieces in the series: by Sean Durbin, Jason Blum, Russell McCutcheon, Naomi Goldenberg, and Dennis LoRusso.
Rady społeczne i nadzorcze w opinii dyrektorów szpitali
Authors: Kautsch Marcin
Published: July 2015

The paper presents the results of research on the opinions of hospital managers concerning the operation and usefulness of social supervisory boards and supervisory boards. The results of the research suggest that supervisory boards are useful for hospitals and their owners. Social supervisory boards are more beneficial to the owners. The impact of supervisory boards on economic and management issues is particularly important. The boards themselves operate without significant problems. Respondents stress, however, that board members are not always prepared for meetings and do not always have appropriate qualifications. Hospital managers appreciate the contribution of supervisory boards much more than that of social supervisory boards.
Dual task performance: a comparison between healthy elderly individuals and those with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Floriano Eduardo Nascimento , Alves Jacqueline Frazão , Almeida Isabela Andrelino de , Souza Roger Burgo de , Christofoletti Gustavo , Santos Suhaila Mahmoud Smaili
Published: July 2015

Introduction The dual tasks (DT) is learned during the whole life and a prerequisite in functional performance in different activities of daily living. Healthy elderly have reduced ability to perform motor activities and cognitive tasks simultaneously, compared to young adults. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly and classic motor symptoms coexist with prejudice in cognitive domains. Objective To compare balance, gait and performance in dual tasks of individuals with Parkinson’s disease and healthy elderly. Material and method Transversal study consisted of 21 individuals with PD, classified between 1.5 to 3 in Hoehn and Yahr scale and 21 healthy individuals. To evaluate the performance on simple tasks and dual tasks the participants were submitted to five simple tasks (motor) and each was associated with a cognitive task, featuring a DT. To balance and gait evaluation was used the following instruments: Berg Balance Scale, Tinetti Scale and Dynamic Gait Index. Results In respect to gait and performance in dual tasks, there was a statistically significant difference with the worst performance for the group of individuals with PD. Conclusion It was found that the group of elderly people with PD has lower performance in the execution of concurrent tasks when compared with healthy elderly, so the DT can be introduced in rehabilitation programs to improve the performance of these patients.
Supplementation of an Orange Juice with Dietary Proteins to Prevent Enamel and Dentin Erosion
Authors: Ferreira Stella S. , Scaramucci Tais , Hara Anderson T. , Aoki Idalina V. , Sobral Maria Angela Pita
Published: July 2015

Protein supplementation may be an alternative to reduce the erosive potential of acidic drinks. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the erosive potential of an orange juice modified by dietary proteins. A commercially available orange juice was added 0.2 g/L casein, 2.0 g/L ovalbumin and their combination. The juice with no additives and a commercially available calcium-modified juice were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Human enamel and dentin specimens (n=11) were tested in an erosion-remineralization cycling model. Enamel was analyzed by surface microhardness and profilometry, whilst dentin by profilometry only. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05). Calcium-modified juice showed the lowest erosive potential for both analyses (p<0.05). For enamel, the protein-added groups did not differ from each other (p>0.05) and showed significantly lower enamel loss compared to negative control (p<0.05). Regarding surface microhardness, casein showed the highest values compared to negative control (p<0.05). For dentin, none of the protein-added groups showed lower values of surface loss compared to negative control (p>0.05). In conclusion, for enamel the protein-modified orange juices presented reduced erosion of enamel, with casein showing a trend for better protection. For dentin, no reduction in the erosive potential was observed for the tested protein-modified orange juices.
Conduta do tratamento medicamentoso por cuidadores de idosos
Authors: Barros Débora Santos Lula , Silva Dayde Lane Mendonça , Leite Silvana Nair
Published: July 2015

O envelhecimento populacional está ampliando o número de cuidadores de idosos no Brasil. A farmacoterapia compreende um sistema complexo de atividades e a sua condução está presente no rol de tarefas desempenhadas por esses atores. Além disso, a conduta do tratamento pode estar sujeita a diversos problemas na sua execução, com destaque para: dificuldades de administração dos medicamentos, falta de acesso aos medicamentos, obstáculos na realização de observação clínica, assim como os desafios presentes no estabelecimento de uma comunicação efetiva com os idosos e profissionais de saúde. O presente estudo trata de uma revisão cujo objetivo é ampliar as discussões sobre os aspectos supracitados, de modo que este debate dê subsídios teóricos aos programas e serviços na área de gerontologia.
Análisis del movimiento de pasajeros en la ruta 447 Morón-Ciego de Ávila
Authors: Díaz Lorenzo Dominico , Bernabé Nicolas Quintana
Published: July 2015

Resumen El diseño del flujo de transportación mediante el método del perfil de ocupación de los medios de transporte es muy efectivo en estudios de sistemas regulares de transporte de pasajeros, ya que aporta un considerable y abarcador volumen de información sobre estos sistemas, aun así éste método ha sido poco empleado en estudios de transporte intermunicipal en Cuba. En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis del movimiento de pasajeros en la Ruta 447 Morón-Ciego de Avila a partir de un muestreo de las cantidades de personas traslados y del cálculo de los indicadores técnicos del trabajo de estos medios. Para la recopilación de la información fueron encuestadas cincuenta y seis vueltas en los ocho turnos que realizan los medios cada uno de los siete días de la semana. El análisis por días de la semana mostró que el viernes y el domingo fueron los días de mayor y menor transportación se realizaron respectivamente, mientras que el análisis de los horarios se destaca que la salida de las 3: 00 pm resultó ser la más demandada, así mismo la salida de las 5:30 pm fue en la que menor número de viajeros se transportó, por otra parte las pruebas de Turkey y de Ducan para este conjunto de datos encontraron diferencias significativas de las medias para un nivel del 5%. Fue encontrada gran irregularidad entre ambos viajes (ida y regreso) lo que puede ser corregido con la utilización de ómnibus de menor capacidad en el turno de la 5:30 pm. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos el estudio concluye que para mejorar el servicio que en la actualidad se presta con 4 ómnibus debería ser incrementado con dos ómnibus más y luego reestructurar los horarios de salida teniendo en cuenta las salidas de los otros sistemas de transporte (particular, ferroviario y ómnibus de otros organismos).
Instalações Humanitárias como alternativa de preparação para eventos sazonais no Estado do Amazonas
Authors: Maciel Neto Thiago , Gonçalves Mirian Buss
Published: July 2015

Resumo As ações na Logística Humanitária podem ser realizadas antes ou após as ocorrências de desastres naturais, destacando-se, nas fases de preparação e resposta, a localização de instalações e a distribuição de suprimentos e transportes de vítimas, respectivamente. No Estado do Amazonas, em decorrência das anormalidades dos fenômenos naturais pré-anunciados, problemas de abastecimento afetam a sobrevivência da população local, principalmente das comunidades interioranas. Para tanto, estratégias logísticas podem ser implantadas para aliviar as necessidades dos amazonenses na ocorrência desses eventos. Deste modo, o objetivo do trabalho é apresentar um modelo conceitual de localização e roteirização para distribuição de suprimentos para instalações humanitárias como alternativa de preparação humanitária para os necessitados em eventos catastróficos sazonais no Estado do Amazonas.
Eficácia do fipronil em cães infestados com diferentes cargas parasitárias de Ctenocephalides felis felis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)
Authors: Coelho Cristiane Nunes , Batista Lilian Cristina de Sousa Oliveira , Lambert Monique Moraes , Nunes Tiago Abrahão Pereira , Santos Rosângela Rodrigues dos , Silva Diego Dias da , Correia Thaís Ribeiro , Scott Fabio Barbour
Published: July 2015

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar através de teste in vivo, a eficácia e o período residual de proteção do fipronil 10% "top spot" em cães infestados com diferentes cargas parasitárias de Ctenocephalides felis felis. Foram utilizados 24 cães da raça Beagle, compondo seis animais por grupo. Os cães foram divididos em quatro grupos. Os cães dos grupos controles I e II não receberam tratamento, enquanto que os cães dos grupos tratados I e II receberam tratamento com formulação de fipronil 10% "top spot". Os cães dos grupos controle I e tratado I foram infestados com 100 pulgas adultas não alimentadas, e os cães dos grupos controle II e tratado II foram infestados com 300 pulgas adultas não alimentadas. As infestações foram realizadas nos dias, -2, +5, +12, +19, +26, +33 e +40 e nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35 e +42 foi realizada retirada mecânica e contagem de pulgas para avaliação. As eficácias pulguicidas, para o grupo tratado I, nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35 e +42, foram respectivamente 99,36%; 99,73%; 99,48%; 99,74%; 99,75%; 95,06% e 67,62%. As eficácias pulguicidas, para o grupo tratado II, avaliadas nos mesmos dias, foram respectivamente 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 99,91%; 95,60% e 68,55%. O fipronil mostrou-se eficaz na eliminação das pulgas em cães até o dia +35. A análise estatística comparativa entre as médias de pulgas vivas, entre os grupos controle I e tratado I, demonstrou que ocorreu diferença significativa (p≤0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais, após o tratamento. Os grupos controle II e tratado II também apresentaram diferença significativa (p≤0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais, após o tratamento. A análise estatística entre os grupos tratados I e II demonstrou que não ocorreu diferença significativa (p≥0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais. O desafio foi encerrado no dia +42 já que a eficácia do fipronil nos grupos tratados I e II foram inferiores 70%. O produto em teste mostrou-se eficaz na eliminação das pulgas em cães até o dia + 35, não apresentando mais efeito residual de proteção quando os animais foram reinfestados. Não houve diferença significativa nos níveis de eficácia entre os grupos infestados com 100 e 300 exemplares adultos de C. felis felis ao longo do período experimental.
Estudo endócrino reprodutivo e do comportamento sócio-sexual de sagui-de-tufo-preto (Callithrix penicillata) mantido em cativeiro
Authors: Sgai Manuela Gonçalves Fraga Geronymo , Pizzutto Cristiane Schilbach , Viau Priscila , Oliveira Cláudio Alvarenga de , Guimarães Marcelo Alcindo de Barros Vaz
Published: July 2015

A comunicação do estado reprodutivo nos primatas da família Callithrichidae, depende principalmente dos comportamentos sócio-sexuais como um sistema de sinalização primário, uma vez que nestas espécies a ovulação não é percebida pelos machos. Neste trabalho, os padrões de comportamentos sócio-sexuais foram analisados em conjunto com as concentrações de metabólitos fecais dos esteróides sexuais progesterona (MFP), estradiol (MFE) e testosterona (MFT) em casais cativos de Sagüi-de-tufos-pretos (Callithrix penicillata), nas diferentes fases do ciclo ovariano. O grupo estudado era composto por quarto casais adultos, mantidos no Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Selvagens da prefeitura de São Paulo. Os padrões comportamentais foram registrados pelo método de amostragem focal por intervalo de tempo a cada 30 segundos, cinco vezes por semana, totalizando 14.400 registros por animal. A mensuração das concentrações de metabólitos fecais dos esteroides sexuais foram realizados pelo método de enzima imunoensaio (EIE). Os resultados obtidos dessas concentrações possibilitaram a determinação endócrina das fases do ciclo ovariano (folicular e luteal) e de suas respectivas durações, assim como a determinação da fase periovulatória. Foram caracterizados 31 ciclos ovarianos completos, com duração de 24,3±4,1 dias (média ±DP), sendo que a fase folicular compreendeu 13,04±4,8dias e a fase lútea 11,2±4,2 dias. Os comportamentos sócio-sexuais (marcação por cheiro, cheirar genitália, catação e apresentação sexual) e a variável "proximidade" mostraram-se significativamente mais prevalentes na fase periovulatória do que nas demais fases do ciclo. Não houve alteração das concentrações de MFT dos machos ao longo de todo o período estudado. A análise conjunta das concentrações de metabólitos fecais de esteróides sexuais e dos comportamentos sócio-sexuais possibilitou um melhor entendimento das relações endócrino-comportamentais e reprodutivas de C. penicillata.
Produtividade e tolerância à queima-das-folhas de diferentes genótipos de cenoura de verão
Authors: Carvalho Agnaldo DF , Silva Giovani O , Pereira Ricardo B , Pinheiro Jadir B
Published: July 2015

A substituição de cultivares de cenoura de polinização livre por híbridos é uma realidade no mercado de sementes. Esse trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar o potencial produtivo de híbridos experimentais de cenoura, a tolerância à queima-das-folhas bem como a uniformidade de raízes, comparado a cultivares de polinização livre. Dezoito genótipos de cenoura {15 híbridos experimentais, um híbrido comercial (Juliana) e duas cultivares de polinização livre (OPs) Brasília e BRS Planalto)} foram avaliados na safra 2011/12 em Brasília-DF em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições em parcelas de 2 m2. Aos 90 dias foi avaliada a incidência da queima-das-folhas e aos 100 dias foi realizada a mensuração dos caracteres componentes de produção, além da tomada ao acaso de 50 raízes por parcela para medidas individuais. Entre os genótipos avaliados houve diferença para todos os caracteres avaliados, existindo híbridos superiores ou inferiores às cultivares OPs. No contraste entre grupos de cultivares, não houve diferença entre híbridos e OPs para produção total de raízes. No entanto, os híbridos apresentaram maior quantidade de raízes comerciais quando comparados às OPs. Em relação à uniformidade no comprimento de raízes, as cultivares OPs foram semelhantes aos híbridos, mas mais desuniformes em relação a diâmetro e peso individual. Os resultados demonstram a superioridade dos híbridos em relação às cultivares OPs para produção comercial e uniformidade de raízes.
Diagnóstico da produção de hortaliças na região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Silva Wellington F , Marques Douglas J , Silva Ernani C , Bianchini Hudson C , Ishimoto Fábio A , Pereira Júnior Marlon JF
Published: July 2015

A cadeia produtiva de hortaliças da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte caracteriza-se pelo cultivo de hortaliças tuberosas, herbáceas e frutos, sendo considerado um dos cinturões verdes do estado de Minas Gerais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico da situação atual dos produtores dessa região, analisando aspectos de produção, comercialização e caracterização dos produtores. A coleta dos dados foi feita através de um questionário estruturado aplicado in loco no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2013 para um grupo representativo de produtores, indicados pela EMATER-MG. Foi feita uma avaliação quantitativa dos dados apresentada na forma de figuras e tabelas. Verificou-se que na região metropolitana a maioria dos produtores de hortaliças possui idade superior a 39 anos, basicamente com grau de escolaridade fundamental, sendo que a principal hortaliça cultivada é a alface. Observou-se que as hortaliças são comercializadas na região metropolitana diretamente ao consumidor final. Desse modo, o estudo contribuiu para ampliar a compreensão a respeito da produção e comercialização das hortaliças. Com base nos dados obtidos sugerem-se estudos futuros comparativos entre diferentes regiões do estado de Minas Gerais.
Ponatinib: Accelerated Disapproval
Authors: Gainor Justin F. , Chabner Bruce A.
Published: July 2015

“Accelerated Approval” (AA) has addressed important unmet needs in oncology. However, it is only justified if the drug fills a serious gap because such approval entails risk and leads to marketing based on incomplete information about toxicity, dose, and therapeutic potential. Furthermore, the policy of requiring companion diagnostics for AA of drugs that target specific mutations needs further discussion.
Thermo-mechanical ratcheting in jointed rock masses
Authors: Pasten C. , García M. , Carlos Santamarina J.
Published: July 2015

Thermo-mechanical coupling takes place in jointed rock masses subjected to large thermal oscillations. Examples range from exposed surfaces under daily and seasonal thermal fluctuations to subsurface rock masses affected by engineered systems such as geothermal operations. Experimental, numerical and analytical results show that thermo-mechanical coupling can lead to wedging and ratcheting mechanisms that result in deformation accumulation when the rock mass is subjected to a biased static-force condition. Analytical and numerical models help in identifying the parameter domain where thermo-mechanical ratcheting can take place.
Developing an audit checklist to assess outdoor falls risk
Authors: Curl Angela , Ward Thompson Catharine , Aspinall Peter , Ormerod Marcus
Published: July 2015

Falls by older people (aged 65+ years) are linked to disability and a decrease in mobility, presenting a challenge to active ageing. As such, older fallers represent a vulnerable road user group. Despite this, there is little research into the causes and prevention of outdoor falls. This paper develops an understanding of environmental factors that cause falls or fear of falling by using go-along interviews with recent fallers to explore how they navigate the outdoor environment, and which aspects of it they perceive facilitate or hinder their ability to go outdoors and fear of falling. While there are a number of audit checklists that are focused on assessing the indoor environment for risk or fear of falls, nothing exists for the outdoor environment. Many existing street audit tools are focused on general environmental qualities and have not been designed with an older population in mind. This paper presents a checklist that assesses aspects of the environment that are most likely to encourage or hinder those who are at risk of falling outdoors, it is developed through accounting for the experiences and navigational strategies of elderly individuals. The audit checklist can assist occupational therapists, urban planners, designers and managers in working to reduce the occurrence of outdoor falls among this vulnerable user group.
Prospects of Young Professionals in the Academic Labor Market: Global Comparison and Assessment
Authors: Finkelstein Martin , Iglesias Kevin , Panova Anna , Yudkevich Maria
Published: July 2015

We offer an analytical model to assess prospects for young faculty based on an analysis of conditions and opportunities of PhD graduates entering the academic market in ten countries: Brazil, China, India, France, Germany, Norway, Russia, Portugal, the Republic of South Africa, and the United States. We have singled out four indicators of demand: a) student enrollment growth rate; b) expenses for research and development and for education; c) the age and rank distribution of current faculty in accordance with national retirement policies; and d) development of technology, emergence of new learning models, and the extent to which these models involve students and faculty. Fundamental factors affecting the supply include: 1) the national system’s reliance on PhD production, and 2) status of post-graduate programs: whether they are the first step in academic  career or only a preparatory phase. We have assessed efficiency of faculty recruitment based on openness of search and screening processes and the relative competition for new positions. We have found that the size of national systems in terms of students and staff has expanded considerably, while their proportion in national economies of the countries has remained almost the same. Demand driven by growth is relatively low in Europe, being constrained by ever lower accessibility of entry-level positions and by the job  conditions offered there. Most countries — all except China and South  Africa — tend to recruit faculty from newly degree graduates. Supply of PhDs (either native or foreign) is quite favorable, mostly due to female academics. The best part of the ten systems that we have analyzed stick to open competition principles when hiring faculty, but at least three systems (Russia, China and India) apply a less open and competitive approach at all levels.
A Comparative Study of Mathematics Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices in Russia, Estonia, and Latvia
Authors: Kardanova Elena , Ponomareva Alena , Osin Evgeniy , Safuanov Ildar
Published: July 2015

Teachers’ beliefs should be changed in order to introduce modern teaching methods in education. The notion of “belief” combines the ideas, attitudes, and personal philosophies teachers apply in their work. We differentiate between traditional beliefs about teaching as a direct transfer of knowledge and constructivist beliefs assuming that students  construct their knowledge themselves through specifically organized activities. We have analyzed the key teacher belief research projects: the OECD’s Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS), the cross-cultural Teacher Education and Development Study in Mathematics (TEDS-M), and the Nordic-Baltic Comparative Research in Mathematics Education (NorBA) that we borrowed a questionnaire from. Our survey involved teachers of mathematics in three countries: 390 teachers in Latvia (of which 95 with Russian as their native tongue), 332 teachers in Estonia (of which 92 with Russian as their native tongue), and 1,096 teachers in the Russian Federation. We have found that differences  between teachers in different countries were statistically important in all the variables used in the study, regardless of whether Estonian and Latvian teachers were Russian-speaking or not. All teachers implemented their beliefs in their everyday classroom practices. 36% of teachers in Russia had a high level of constructivism (as compared to 26% in Latvia and 18% in Estonia). Proportion of teachers with low levels of traditionalism in Latvia and Estonia (appr. 25% in both) was higher than the same proportion among Russian  teachers (17.5%). We have come to a conclusion that different approaches to education system reforms in Russia and in the Baltic states have resulted in a significant diversity of beliefs among teachers of mathematics. Thus, proportion of teachers with low levels of traditionalist beliefs has grown in the Baltic countries more than in Russia, which explains to some extent higher PISA points of Estonian and Latvian students.
Research Universities: American Exceptionalism?
Authors: Rosovsky Henry
Published: July 2015

At the top of the higher education pyramid in the United States we find the public and private research universities with their special role of creating and maintaining knowledge, training graduate students in arts and sciences and professional schools, and offering a liberal education to undergraduates. There are about 125 diverse universities that fit this description. These universities play a less singular role in undergraduate education. All the institutions at the top of the American educational pyramid share six characteristics closely associated with high quality: shared governance, academic freedom, merit selection, significant human contact, preservation of culture, nonprofit status. Many academics will consider a listing of these characteristics individually familiar, obvious, and of little interest. But the characteristics of quality are almost never considered as a system even though the absence of any one of them will affect the integrity and quality of a research university. On the other hand none of these characteristics, singly or as a group, make disruptive change impossible.
Efficiency of School through the Eyes of Parents
Authors: Avraamova Elena , Klyachko Tatyana , Loginov Dmitry
Published: July 2015

In order to discover how parents of school students evaluate the state of things at school and what their expectations are in the light of the pay rise for teachers, in May and June of 2013 the Center for Continuing Education Economics under the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration questioned 3,300 parents (legal representatives) of school students in three regions of Russia: Sverdlovsk Oblast, Voronezh Oblast and Ivanovo Oblast, i. e. in a donor region, in a region with average social and economic indicators, and in a heavily subsidized region. The monitoring has been continued for the year 2014. Based on the data obtained, we have analyzed parental demands towards school education, degree of parents’ satisfaction, sufficiency of school education to pass the State Final Examination (SFE) and the Unified State Exam (USE), parents’ perception of the efficiency of school education in the context of the teacher pay rise. No essential difference was revealed between parental perceptions of the state of things at school in different regions, despite the significant gap between the living standards. Parental demands towards school are restricted to three core objectives: give children knowledge required for grown-up life and work; provide socialization (discipline, rules of behavior, getting into the habit of working, development of communication skills, etc.); inculcate interest to sports and productive hobbies. Parents believe that strong specialized schools are more productive in performing those functions. Thus, we conclude that teacher pay rise has not yet been helping reduce differentiation between schools by quality of education. Despite a rather high level of overall satisfaction with school education, parents tend to believe that their children won’t succeed in getting high SFE and USE scores with no test preparation courses. Almost one third of parents think that teacher pay rise could influence quality of education significantly (31.4%), while 40.3% feel changes would be inconsiderable. An overwhelming majority of parents count school teachers as middle class, which means that Russian teachers are no more perceived by parents and, hence, by students as economically unsuccessful, as it used to be in the early 2000s.
Myths and Stereotypes: Some Comments on the History of Education in the Kingdom of Poland in the 19th Century
Authors: Schiller-Walicka Joanna
Published: July 2015

Some widespread beliefs about school and instruction in Poland need to be reexamined. It would be an unreasonable simplification to believe that the educational system of Poland was exposed to russification throughout the whole 19th century. In reality, the educational policy of the Kingdom of Poland was not unchangeable, and the school system was different in different periods. Russificationis understood as making non-Russian communities adopt the Russian language, culture and Orthodoxy, including administrative initiatives to make non-Russians give up their national identity in favor of the Russian one. The educational system in the country, if judged by the language of teaching and by the ethnic composition of the teaching staff, was absolutely Polish in January 1863, just before the January Uprising. It was only in the 1870s that the russification began. It would even be more appropriate to talk about multiple russifications, their consequences differing in intensity and duration; meanwhile, some  of the periods of the 19th century were not affected by the phenomenon at all. We also analyze specific features of the educational policy in Poland: during the Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815) —development of an efficient multilevel system of public education that honored interests of each social class; in the 1820s — increased control over instruction and the clerical conservative trends in changing the content of education; in the period between the November and January Uprisings — unification of the educational system of Congress Poland with the Russian one; and, finally, the return to the Polish-style instruction on the rise of the so-called Post-Sevastopol Thaw. Special focus is placed on the 46-year existence of the Russian university in Warsaw as an institution that was forced through by Russian authorities but succeeded in developing its own university traditions and goals in culture and science.
Review of the book: Crawley E. F., Malmqvist J., Östlund S., Brodeur D. R., Edström K. (2014) Rethinking Engineering Education: The CDIO Approach. 2nd ed. New York: Springer.
Authors: Hanson Mats
Published: July 2015

In November 2014 in the series “The Library of the Educational Studies Journal” a new book by Edward F. Crawley, Johan Malmqvist, Soren Östlund, Doris R. Brodeur, Kristina Edström “Rethinking Engineering Education: The CDIO Approach” (2nd ed., translated by S. Rybushkina, science editor A. Chuchalin) will be out. Since an original work of professor Edward Krawley and his team was published by “Springer” in March 2014, experts overseas have already formed their opinions about it, so we offer you two reviews — by professor Mats Hanson from Sweden and professor Kleman Fortin from Canada.
Language of Teaching
Authors: Kozhevnikova Margarita
Published: July 2015

Based on the presumption that language games found in educational texts reflect teaching practices, we discuss formality, precision and rigidity as characteristics of the teaching language and as an underlying problem of the scientific method. These questions lead us to reflections on the nature of teaching, its role and mission. Investigation of terms, memes, concepts and ideologemes of the teaching language allows us to draw conclusions about language impermeability and to turn to social motives of the phenomenon. Analysis of the problem helps us find out how highly bureaucratized (affected by the “managerism paradigm”) methodology, language, social structures and relationships that prevail in teaching build a field where profound ideas of education are promoted with great difficulty. Our belief is that teaching is most efficient when perceived as an art, and the teaching profession should be regarded as an artistic one. In this case, teacher education model should include mainly training and artistic practices. The clue to finding identity of contemporary teaching is to make a fundamental distinction between theory (science) and practice, redistributing their boundaries and roles. There are few understanding problems in teaching that require scientific conceptualization, but much more of those that require efficient solutions, or practical strategies.
The Practice of Implementing International Scholarships: Experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Sagintayeva Aida , Ashirbekov Adil
Published: July 2015

Bolashak Kazakhstan International Presidential Scholarship was introduced to provide citizens with access to advanced knowledge in newly emerging fields when economy was being restructured and manufacturing industries were being pushed out by innovational ones. The Bolashak Project was launched in 1994 and involved 6,282 people by 2013. The initiative-related experience is analyzed based on the documents regulating participation in the program and on a survey among administrators, scholars and graduates conducted by the Graduate School of Education of Nazarbayev University between 2011 and 2013. Throughout the twenty years of existence, the program has enhanced its effects in the following aspects: providing equal access to participation in the program for all citizens of the country; identifying the priority areas for degree programs; developing the list of foreign higher educational institutions to provide an opportunity for learning abroad; determining the levels of education that need financing under the program; creating conditions to make scholars of the program return to the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Review of the book: Pasi Sahlberg (2011) Finnish Lessons. What Can the World Learn from Educational Change in Finland?
Authors: Hautamäki Jarkko
Published: July 2015

Today’s Finnish education started 1968 with a radical reform, when a new comprehensive system of education was introduced, to comprise nine grades, from the age 7 to 15. Since 2000, after the first PISA results, interest in Finnish education started and still, to some extent, continues. Taken all PISA rounds (2000, 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012), Finland is still among the best 5% of world’s educational systems. There are basically three important features, which make Finland an interesting case: high results are combined with high equity, and no high-stakes testing in the basic education. Sahlberg identifies four strategic principles, well accepted in Finland: quarantee equal opportunities to good public education for all; strengthen professionalism of and trust in teachers; steer educational change through enriched information about the process of schooling and smart assessment policies; facilitate network-based school improvement collaboration between schools and non-governmental associations and groups. He also predicts that four themes of change would emerge: development of a personal road map for learning; less classroom-based teaching; development of interpersonal skills and problem solving; engagement and creativity as pointers of success.