bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification of CYP3A and drug transporters activity in healthy young, healthy elderly and chronic kidney disease elderly patients by a microdose cocktail approach
Authors: Rattanacheeworn Punyabhorn , Kerr Stephen , Kittanamongkolchai Wonngarm , Townamchai Natavudh , Udomkarnjananun Suwasin , Praditpornsilpa Kearkiat , Thanusuwannasak Thanundorn , Udomnilobol Udomsak , Jianmongkol Suree , Ongpipattanakul Boonsri , Prueksaritanont Thomayant , Avihingsanon Yingyos , Chariyavilaskul Pajaree
Published: March 2021

Aims: Ageing and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are known to affect
pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters. Since mechanisms are related and
remain unclear, cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A and drug transporter activity
were investigated in the elderly with or without CKD and compared to
healthy adults using a microdose cocktail. Methods: Healthy young
volunteers (n = 20), healthy elderly volunteers (n = 16) and elderly
with CKD (n = 17) received a single dose of microdose cocktail probe
containing 30 µg midazolam, 750 µg dabigatran etexilate, 100 µg
atorvastatin, 10 µg pitavastatin, and 50 µg rosuvastatin. After a 14-day
washout period, healthy young volunteers continued to study period 2
with the microdose cocktail plus rifampicin. PK parameters including
area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum plasma drug
concentration (Cmax) and half-life were estimated before making pairwise
comparisons of geometric mean ratios between groups. Results: AUC and
Cmax of midazolam, a CYP3A probe substrate, were increased 2.30 and 2.90
fold in healthy elderly and elderly with CKD, respectively, leading to a
prolonged half-life. AUC and Cmax of atorvastatin, another CYP3A4 probe
substrate, was increased 2.14 fold in healthy elderly and 4.15 fold in
elderly with CKD, indicating decreased CYP3A4 activity related to
ageing. Association with PK changes in probe drugs representing activity
of OATP1B1, intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and breast cancer
resistance protein (BCRP) transporters was noticed, but were
inconclusive. Conclusions: CYP3A activity is reduced in ageing. There is
a trend in changes of OATP1B1, P-gp, and BCRP activity measured by
microdose cocktail probe drugs.
Sustained pharyngeal inflation on upper airway effects in infants---flexible bronchoscopy measurement
Authors: Soong Wen-Jue , Yang Chia-Feng , Chen Chieh-Ho , Lee Yu-Sheng , Lin Chien-Heng , Tsao Pei-Chen , Dhochak Nitin
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE: Sustained pharyngeal inflation (SPI) with pharyngeal oxygen
and nose-close (PhO2-NC) can create positive peak inflation pressure
(PIP) inside the pharyngolaryngeal space (PLS). This study measured and
compared effects of four different SPI durations in the PLS. METHOD: In
this prospective observational study, 20 consecutive infants aged less
than 3 years, scheduled for elective flexible-bronchoscopy were
enrolled. SPI was performed twice in four different durations (0, 1, 3
and 5 seconds) sequentially in each infant. PIP was measured for each
SPI in the pharynx, and simultaneously took images at two locations of
oropharynx and supra-larynx. Infants’ demographic details and PIP
levels, lumen expansion scores and images of PLS were measured and
analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty infants with 40 measurements were collected.
The mean (SD) age and weight were 11.6 (9.1) months and 6.8 (2.4) kg,
respectively. The measured mean (SD) pharyngeal PIPs were 4.1 (3.3),
21.9 (7.0), 42.2 (12.3) and 65.5 (18.5) cm H2O at SPI duration of 0, 1,
3 and 5 seconds, respectively; which showed significant positive
association (p<0.001). At assigned locations, the
corresponding PLS images also show significant increase in lumen
expansion scores and number of detected lesions with increase in SPI
duration (p<0.001). The mean (SD) study time was 5.7 (1.2)
minutes. No study related complication was noted. CONCLUSIONS: SPI with
PhO2-NC up to 5 seconds is a simple, safe and feasible clinical
ventilation modality. It may provide enough PIP to expand the PLS and
facilitate flexible-bronchoscopy performance in infants.
Packing chromatic numbers of finite super subdivisions of graphs
Authors: Lemdani Rachid , Abbas Moncef , Ferme Jasmina
Published: March 2021

Given a graph G and a positive integer i, an i-packing in G is a subset W of
the vertex set of G such that the distance between any two distinct vertices
from W is greater than i. The packing chromatic number of a graph G, ??(G),
is the smallest integer k such that the vertex set of G can be partitioned
into sets Vi, i ? {1,..., k}, where each Vi is an i-packing. In this
paper, we present some general properties of packing chromatic numbers of
finite super subdivisions of graphs. We determine the packing chromatic
numbers of the finite super subdivisions of complete graphs, cycles and some
neighborhood corona graphs.
Neutrosophic soft δ-topology and neutrosophic soft δ-compactness
Authors: Acikgoz Ahu , Esenbel Ferhat
Published: March 2021

We introduce the concepts of neutrosophic soft ?-interior, neutrosophic soft
quasi-coincidence, neutrosophic soft q-neighbourhood, neutrosophic soft
regular open set, neutrosophic soft ?-closure, neutrosophic soft ?-closure
and neutrosophic soft semi open set. It is also shown that the set of all
neutrosophic soft ?-open sets is a neutrosophic soft topology, which is
called the neutrosophic soft ?-topology. We obtain equivalent forms of
neutrosophic soft ?-continuity. Moreover, the notions of neutrosophic soft
?-compactness and neutrosophic soft locally ?-compactness are defined and
their basic properties under neutrosophic soft ?-continuous mappings are
investigated.
Otel Atmosferinin Turistik Tüketicilerin Tekrar Satın Alma Niyetine Etkisi
Authors: Levent Selen , Özkul Emrah
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırmada otel atmosferinin turistik tüketicilerin tekrar satın alma niyetlerine etkisinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda otel atmosferinin beş boyutu incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri, kolayda örneklem yöntemi ile İstanbul’daki 5 yıldızlı otellerde konaklayan turistlerden anket tekniğinde yararlanılarak toplanılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin regresyon analizine tabi tutulması sonucunda otel atmosferinin tekrar satın alma niyeti üzerinde bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Otel atmosferi boyutları açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise; dış ve insani değişkenlerin turistlerin tekrar satın alma niyetleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu ancak genel iç, iç yerleşim ve kayıt yeri değişkenlerinin bir etkisinin olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Profesyonel Turist Rehberlerinin İş Yaşam Dengelerinin Tükenmişlik ve Yaşam Doyumuna Olan Etkisi
Authors: Çetinkaya Öznur , İstanbullu Dinçer Fatma Füsun
Published: March 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; profesyonel turist rehberlerinin iş yaşam dengeleri, tükenmişlik düzeylerini ve yaşam doyumlarını analiz ederek, aralarındaki ilişki ve etki durumunun ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda, kartopu örnekleme yöntemi ile 302 adet anket toplanmış ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi yapılarak değişkenler arasındaki ilişki durumu açıklanmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde tükenmişliğin yaş gruplarına göre farklılık gösterdiği, yaşam doyumunun evli olan rehberlerde daha yüksek hissedildiği, iş yaşam dengesinin tükenmişlik üzerinde negatif, yaşam doyumu üzerinde pozitif etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
PENGARUH DIMENSI BAURAN PEMASARAN TERHADAP MINAT NASABAH MENGGUNAKAN LAYANAN E-BANKING
Authors: Firdaus Adiyatma Surya , Sjahruddin Herman
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Dimensi Bauran Pemasaran berpengaruh terhadap Minat Nasabah Menggunakan Layanan E-Banking Pada PT.Bank BNI Syariah Kantor Cabang Makassar.. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil kuesioner sebesar 40 respoenden, dengan menggunakan teknik sampling jumlah indikator dikali 5-10. Hasil penelitian tersebut telah diuji asumsi klasik berupa asumsi normalitas, autokolerasi, multikolineritas, heteroskedastisitas dan linearitas. Metode analisis data menggunakan teknik regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan diterima karena menunjukkan hasil uji hipotesis yang positif dan signifikan. Ini berarti bahwa variabel rasio aktivitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap rentabilitas, variabel ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas, dan variabel rasio aktivitas dominan berpengaruh terhadap rentabilitas.
Innovative ecosystems in digital economy
Authors: Larionov Valery Glebovich , Sheremetyeva Elena N. , Gorshkova Larisa A.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the formation and management of innovative ecosystems in the digital economy. Approaches to determining and content of the term “innovation ecosystem” are analyzed, the specifics and conditions of management of innovative ecosystems are investigated. There has been analyzed the concept of ecosystem as a complex self-organizing, self-regulating, self-sufficient system. There have been considered the research works devoted to innovative systems. The innovation ecosystems are viewed by scientists as the effective cooperation mechanisms aimed at combining individual proposals from different firms into a single customer-oriented proposal. In terms of a systematic approach the innovation ecosystem is defined as a living social organism, which is continuously changing under the influence of agents' behavior and the business units of the ecosystem. One of the key conditions for effective functioning of the innovation ecosystem is the use of innovation management methods. The choice or combination of ways to interact to manage an ecosystem depends on three things: the ecosystem strategy, the market environment, and the general risk appetite of agents and business units. An important aspect of ecosystem management is training of qualified personnel with a completely new type of thinking. Ecosystem manageability is found to dependent on the ability of professionals to adapt to the rapidly changing economic conditions and to continuously improve their skills. It has been inferred that the innovation ecosystem is a complex production and commercial structure, the functioning of which is associated with the unification of various kinds of business units, educational and scientific organizations to develop innovative products and services using advanced technologies, including digital ones.
Description of environmental factors influencing sustainability of motor transport companies of different types
Authors: Tabachnikova Ekaterina Viktorovna
Published: March 2021

The article outlines the problem of interrelation between the volume of road transport and the economic development. As a result of the interaction of economic, market, regulatory, legal, technological and other factors in the freight road transport market, a competitive environment has developed over three decades, which in its parameters is close to the conditions of pure competition. The current situation leads to a tendency towards market consolidation and an increase in the urgency of the issue of maintaining the stability of road transport companies. Stability as a condition for survival of an enterprise is considered through a combination of three properties: adaptability, stationarity and equilibrium. On the road freight market several types of transport companies can be distinguished, which form the clusters. The method of education, the stage of the life cycle, the scale of activity and the degree of diversification of the enterprise's activities are chosen as the classification features. It has been suggested that the preconditions for maintaining sustainability in enterprises from different clusters differ significantly. A list of important strategic environmental factors has been formed and the characteristics of their influence on the stability of a freight motor transport enterprise are given. The greatest threat is posed by market, economic and regulatory factors. Large, diversified companies have great potential for resilience, as evidenced by the industry statistics. An advantage in ensuring sustainability is also the foreign direct investment in the capital structure of the transport company. Small businesses, which form one of the main clusters on the market, have to form new models of maintaining stability, taking into account the changing conditions of functioning
Siberian cities in the first half of the 19th century (based on travel notes by Matthias Alexander Castrén)
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Gryadunova Olga Vyacheslavna
Published: March 2021

The paper deals with the issue of cities that has long been the focus of attention of different scientists. The contribution of M.A. Castrén to the research on this issue is described. During his trip to Siberia, a Finnish traveler has visited several cities that are prosperous today. He has recreated the landscape of cities in his travel diary at the end of the first half of the 19th century. Their description is a combination of vivid characteristics of cities and the author’s opinion that gives a general idea about each of them. The analysis of the urban theme within the historical approach makes it possible to generalize about the cultural progress of Siberia in the above-mentioned period.
Enseñar español en primaria: análisis desde el interaccionismo sociodiscursivo
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Blanca Araceli , González López Erika Michelle
Published: March 2021

El artículo presenta los resultados del análisis del trabajo de una profesora de primaria durante una clase de español en un grupo de quinto grado. La perspectiva teórica de referencia es el interaccionismo sociodiscursivo y sus contribuciones al estudio del trabajo de los docentes a partir del trabajo prescrito, efectivo y representado. Para el análisis de la clase se retoma la propuesta de Riestra (2008), para estudiar las consignas y el diálogo sobre éstas a través de la metodología de la autocofrontación entre la investigadora y la profesora de grupo. Los resultados muestran la importancia de la reformulación de las consignas para comprender la evolución de las tareas y evaluar lo que sucede en la clase. Asimismo, dejan entrever que los motivos de las reformulaciones estuvieron vinculados tanto con la profesora (supuestos gestión de clase y confusión con el género textual) como con el trabajo prescrito.
Cardiac electrophysiology and pacing educational and training needs among early-career cardiologists: a national survey of the Young Committee of the Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing
Authors: Russo Vincenzo , Nesti Martina , Brunacci Michele , Tola Gianfranco , Santobuono Vincenzo Ezio , Dendramis Gregory , Picciolo Giuseppe , Lucciola Maria Teresa , D’Onofrio Antonio , Ricci Renato , de Ponti Roberto
Published: March 2021

Background

Over the past three decades, cardiac electrophysiology and pacing, including device therapy and catheter ablation of arrhythmias, has rapidly developed as a subspecialty in cardiology. Currently, there is no clear perception about the needs in cardiac electrophysiology and pacing among early-career cardiologists.

Methods

To address these concerns, the Young Committee of the Italian Association of Arrhythmology and Cardiac Pacing (AIAC) carried out a survey among those under the age of 40 years to obtain detailed information on practical activities and formal lessons during the fellowship in cardiology and their satisfaction and proficiency level at the end of the fellowship.

Results

We obtained 334 answers to the survey. In invasive cardiac electrophysiology and pacing, the percentage of participants attending the activity for a longer time (3–6 months) is lower compared with those in noninvasive subspecialties. About 40% of participants did not receive lessons on interventional cardiology, cardiac electrophysiology and pacing. On the contrary, 71% of participants received an adequate number of lessons on clinical arrhythmology. The vast majority of the participants expressed satisfaction for the education received in the echocardiographic, cardiac interventional laboratories and clinical arrhythmology, but about half of the participants were unsatisfied with the education received in cardiac electrophysiology and pacing. In interventional arrhythmology, the majority of the participants declare their lack of proficiency with two peaks for more complex procedures, namely interventional electrophysiology procedures (82%) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) procedures (76%).

Conclusion

The present survey among Italian early-career cardiologists suggests that the majority of participants consider themselves not confident in performing cardiac electrophysiology and pacing procedures. Due to the complexity of the treatment for heart rhythm disorders and the long learning curve, structured additional training in cardiac electrophysiology and pacing procedures is required after cardiology fellowship.
Foreword
Authors: Hughes Kate
Published: March 2021

An introduction to volume 19.

With thanks to reviewers of papers in this volume: Crinan Alexander, Leonie Alexander, Peter Brownless, Matthew Denton-Giles, Andrew Ensoll, Edeline Gagnon, Martin Gardner, Rebecca Hilgenhof, Fiona Inches, Ross Kerby, David Knott, David Rae, Helen Thompson and anonymous reviewers.

Typeset by Fakenham Prepress Solutions, Fakenham, Norfolk NR21 8NL.
Улучшение качества бетонных растворов
для конструкций водоотводных лотков с применением современных добавок
Authors:   М.Н. Шевцов, В.П. Колпакова, Ю.Н. Еремеева, Ж.С. Сайлауханова, В.А. Власов
Published: March 2021

Представлены результаты экспериментальных исследований по определению оптимального состава бетона с применением добавки MasterGLENIUM 51 и высококачественного запечатывающего материала MasterTop CC 713 производства компании BASF. Испытания бетонных образцов из предлагаемых составов проводились в лабораторных условиях с целью определения прочности, водостойкости и истираемости. Установлено: введение добавки MasterGlenium 51 в соотношении 1% объема цемента увеличивает среднюю прочность бетона на 30% и соответствует требуемой марке бетона по прочности (М300), а использование в качестве пропитки MasterTop CС 713 обеспечивает требуемые показатели по водонепроницаемости, соответствующей марке бетона W8, и одни из лучших результатов по истираемости. На практике применение исследуемых добавки и пропитки в составе мелкозернистого бетона позволит улучшить качество бетонных конструкций и увеличить срок эксплуатации водоотводных лотков гидромелиоративных сооружений.

Ключевые слова: водоотводные лотки, бетонные растворы, вяжущее вещество, добавки, гиперпластификатор, пропитка, реопластичный бетон
The results of experimental studies to determine the optimal composition of concrete using the
MasterGlenium 51 additive and high-quality MasterTop CC 713 sealing material produced by BASF are presented. Tests of concrete samples from the proposed compositions were carried out in laboratory conditions in
order to determine the strength, water resistance and abrasion.
According to the findings: introduction of the additive is MasterGlenium 51 at a ratio of 1% of the volume of
cement increases the average strength of concrete by 30% and meets the required brand of concrete strength
(M300); use as impregnating MasterTop CC 713 provides the required performance for water resistance, appropriate brand concrete waterproofing W8 and the best results of abrasion. Application of additives in concrete can improve concrete structures and to extend the life of gutters, irrigation and drainage structures.
Keywords: drainage trays, concrete mortars, impregnation, hyperplasticizer, water resistance, strength, abrasion
An Epidemiological Survey of Eyelid Trauma Presenting to a Tertiary Care Centre in India
Authors:   Department Of Ophthalmology, JSS Medical College And Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India, M Bindu Malini
Published: March 2021

The following study is an epidemiological assessment of eyelid injuries, related aetiology, demography and management. The outcome of the analysis showed that young male adults of working class were found to be more prone for ocular injury due to avoidable causes of eye injury and blindness which can be prevented with proper precautionary measures.
A life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia secondary to loperamide abuse, “a poor man’s methadone”
Authors: Carrera Miguel A. Rojas , Olea Juan Guzman , Olea Gabriel Guzman , Jimenez Ernesto Hernandez
Published: March 2021

The case of a patient with repetitive syncope episodes with a history of using loperamide at high doses for recreational purposes in search of an effect similar to heroin, is reported. In the diagnostic approach with Holter monitoring, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were evidenced. We also present the treatment of our case and review the literature.
A Study of the Factors Affecting the Learning of English Speaking Skills
Authors: Qasim Asma Yahya
Published: March 2021

It is generally assumed that language is a purposeful goal-oriented activity; its main objective is the internalization of a system of rules which defines correct linguistic competence accompanied by the required communicative competence. Added to that, Language is a unity of four major skills, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing. Recently, it has been argued on both linguistics and psychological grounds that the speaking English should be the principal objective in language teaching. Speaking is a very significant skill which overlooks other four sub-skills namely, fluency, accuracy, grammar and comprehension. The current study has been conducted to investigate English language teachers’ perspective of the sources of problems that encounter basic school learners during their learning of English-Speaking Skills from. Moreover, the present study aims at answering the following question: What are the problems that basic school learners face during their learning of English-speaking skills from English language teachers’ perspective? This has been done through a questionnaire prepared by the researcher, based on the relevant literature review and previous studies, and presented to a panel of juries in English language to check its validity and reliability. The questionnaire was then applied to a sample of teachers. The collected data have been statistically analyzed. In the light of the results arrived at, a set of concluding point, some recommendations and suggestions for further research have been put forward.
Splenic Flexure Cancer: Segmental Colonic Resection, Left Hemicolectomy, Extended Right Hemicolectomy or Total Colectomy? Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: D Bono , S Galati , E Potenza , F Loddo , L Bonaccors , T Viora , R Saracco
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Splenic flexure tumors are quite rare, accounting for 2% to 8% of all colorectal cancers. The heterogeneity of the vascular support and lymphatic drainage of the splenic flexure make the surgical management complex and non-standardized. The aim of the study is to compare the four surgical techniques (extended right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy, segmental colonic resection, and total colectomy) in terms of short-term and long-term outcomes.Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients from two hospitals of Turin (the Martini hospital and the San Giovanni Bosco hospital) between September 1998 and March 2020 have surgical visit for splenic flexure cancer. The data reported in the database include preoperative, postoperative, histopathological characteristics, and survival results. Univariate and multivariate analysis are performed to evaluate the confounding factors influencing overall and disease-free survival.Results and Discussion: A total of 173 patients treated for splenic flexure tumors are included in the study. The four groups are similar on the baseline characteristics of the patients. Clavien Dindo ≥ 3 postoperative complications and 30-day mortality are comparable in the four groups (p=0.216 e p=0.213). Five-year overall survival and progression-free survival did not show significant differences between the four surgical techniques (p=1.08 e p=0.28). No statistically significant differences were found between the four groups for baseline patient characteristics, intraoperative outcomes, postoperative complications, and TNM staging.Conclusion: Segmental colonic resection, extended right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy and total colectomy show no significant difference in short-term and oncological outcomes in cancer of the splenic flexure. Further studies with a higher level of evidence are needed.
КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ РОДУ CLEMATIS L. ТА ІНТРОДУКЦІЯ В КРЕМЕНЕЦЬКОМУ БОТАНІЧНОМУ САДУ
Authors: Beridze O. I. , Kovalchuk І. О.
Published: March 2021

The article highlights the findings of the study of the classification of species of the genus Clematis, the history of the study and some aspects of their introduction into the Kremenets Botanical Garden. The object of the study was the introduced species of the genus Clematis. Analysis of bioecomorphs of introducers, and the biometric indicators of morphological observations of plants. The word «Clematis» came into Latin terminology from the ancient Greek word «Clema» meaning tendril. Dioscorides first mentions this term when describing twisted plants. The generic name was first used by K. Linnaeus in «Species plantarum». Lominos have been cultivated in European gardens for over 400 years. Species of the genus Clematis are found in 28 of the 34 floristic regions around the globe. The life forms of plants are very diverse (from semi-shrubs to woody vines). These plants retain their decorative qualities until late autumn and form, especially when planted on the lawn, bright spots of various colors, and, therefore, have a decorative effect, decorative leaves and flowers, and even seeds, during the growth season give rapid shoot growth. In the Kremenets region, this culture is little known, as the range of species, as well as their bioecological features in different areas of introduction are poorly studied. Clematis has long been used in ornamental horticulture, while in the landscaping of cities Clematis is not used and is most common in the gardens of amateur gardeners. The growing season during the introduction test is 187-238 days. The studied species bloom for up to 85 days and some species have repeated flowering. The beginning and duration of the phases of growth and flowering differ significantly for different species and varieties of Clematis and depend on biological characteristics, geographical origin, as well as agricultural techniques. It is usually propagated by seeds and vegetatively - by layering, dividing the bush, cuttings or grafting, seeds are often propagated species with small flowers; their seeds germinate fast in spring. For species with large seeds, the germination period is extended by 80 (500) days.
ВМІСТ ФЛАВОНОЇДІВ І КCАНТОНІВ У КАЛЮСНИХ КУЛЬТУРАХ РОСЛИН ВИДІВ РОДУ GENTIANA L. ЗА ВИРОЩУВАННЯ У РІДКОМУ ЖИВИЛЬНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ НА ПОРОЛОНОВИХ ПІДКЛАДКАХ
Authors: Hrytsak L. R. , Mel’nyk V. M. , Prokopyak M. Z. , Mayorova O. Yu , Kolisnyk Kh. M. , Drobyk N. M.
Published: March 2021

The content of flavonoids and xanthones in callus cultures derived from the roots of plants of six species of Gentiana L. genus was studied during the cultivation of these cultures in liquid growth media on foam substrates. The research findings indicate that for most callus cultures, which were grown on both agar and foam substrates, the content of biologically active substances (BAS) was higher or close to that in the roots of wild plants, but lower compared to their shoots.

The content of flavonoids and xanthones in tissue cultures grown in liquid nutrient media exceeded (G. punctata, Mt. Breskul, G. asclepiadea, Mt. Pozhyzhevska, G. cruciata, Krenychi village and G. lutea, Mt. valley Rohnechska), was close (G acaulis, Mt. Turkul) or lower (G. cruciata, «Medobory» Nature Reserve, G. lutea, Mt. Troyaska) compared to those in the corresponding calluses on agar substrates. In the callus of G. pneumonanthe (Vyhoda village) during cultivation on agar medium and in liquid medium on foam substrates, flavonoids and xanthones were not detected.

For most callus cultures of gentians: G. punctata (Mt. Breskul), G. asclepiadea (Mt. Pozhyzhevska), G. cruciata (Krenychi village), G. lutea (Mt. valley Rohnechska), cultivation in a liquid growth medium on foam substrates can increase the growth of callus biomass (1.3–1.7 times) and the content of flavonoids (1.2–1.6 times) and xanthones (1.2–2.3 times) in comparison with the same cultures on agar media. For the callus of G. cruciata («Medobory» Nature Reserve) and G. lutea (population of Mt. Troyaska) on liquid media with foam substrates, both the growth index by fresh weight and the content of secondary metabolites are lower compared to cultures from agar medium. The growth of callus G. acaulis (Mt. Turkul) on the nutrient medium with foam substrates is more intense than on agar, but with lowered BAS.

Thus, the developed method of cultivating callus tissues of gentians in liquid nutrient media on foam substrates can reduce costs by replacing agar with foam substrates, as well as increase both the yield of biomass of most callus cultures and their ability to synthesize and accumulate flavonoids and xanthones.

Key words: Gentiana L. species, in vitro cultures, foam substrates, flavonoids, xanthones.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ХЛОРЕЛИ ЩОДО ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ЦИТОТОКСИЧНИХ ПРОЯВІВ У СМУГАСТОГО ДАНІО ЗА ВПЛИВУ ОРГАНОФОСФАТНИХ ПЕСТИЦИДІВ
Authors: Bodnar O. I. , Senko S. V. , Osypenko I. O. , Khatib I. , Kasyanchuk N. M. , Falfushynska H. I.
Published: March 2021

The ecological potential of microalgae for purification of aquatic and soil ecosystems and natural restoration of their homeostatic functional state is considered to be high due to the rapid growth and development of algae, their labile and dynamic metabolism and simple growth conditions. The aim of present work was to study the effectiveness of Chlorella as a potential bioremediator to reduce the toxic effects of pesticides, roundup and chlorpyrifos after their individual and complex influence on zebrafish Danio rerio. The effect of environmental concentrations of roundup (15 μg⋅L-1) and chlorpyrifos (0,1 μg⋅L-1) provoked partial depletion of the cell thiols pool when compared to the control, which appeared as a decrease in glutathione transferase activity (under combined exposure) and total glutathione concentration. A decrease in the level of total antioxidant capacity, which was consistent with an increase in the level of reactive oxygen species in the liver tissue was also shown. Meanwhile, the studied organophosphate pesticides didn’t cause severe signs of neurotoxicity, but activated acetylcholinesterase in line with no visual manifestations of locomotion reactions. Chlorpyrifos determined an increase in the concentration of methylglyoxal and the most noticeable sign of endocrine disruption from all studied groups in terms of vitellogenin concentration. Principal component analysis allowed to identify a separate localization of each of the studied groups and the interim position of animals after combined exposure when compared to the individual action. The introduction of Chlorella vulgaris in the exposure media in the amount of about 100 thousand cells / dm3 did not show a significant corrective effect on the toxicity of pesticides for non-target species Danio rerio, which doesn’t exclude the positive impact of algae on the functioning of the ecosystem in general and requires a more detailed analysis.
WIRELESS SERVOMOTOR CONTROL FOR REMOTE ACTUATION
Authors: Rákay Róbert
Published: March 2021

Urgency of the research. Actual trends of home and hobby automation focus on implementation solutions to everyday life situations. The main goal is usually to simplify or remotely control a task with low cost devices. Target setting. When designing automation systems of different devices, developers are trying to find the most
reliableand effective solution with fulfilling every base requirement. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. To prepare this paper, different publicly available datasheets and experimental solutions were analyzed as well as conclusions of our previous and other ongoing experiments were used to create the knowledge base about this topic. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. There are many different communication solutions and every manufacturer of communication device provides its own solution. This paper is insufficient to describe them all. But creates base for further result comparison with other future solutions of the same task. The proposed solution is not connected to any moving object. In a real application the requirements of torque and system power consumption has to be considered. The research objective. In this article a model of a remote control system is proposed for a home automation, in this
article a wireless connection is created to remotely control position of servomotor.
The statement of basic materials. To propose a future model of home appliance control system it is necessary to implement the newest communication technologies. Using the new communication protocols such BLE, LoRA or nRF provides good basis to solve this issue. Conclusions. The proposed paper introduces a model wireless remote control system for simple tasks such controlling of lights or dimmers. The tested system provides a good basis for future real life application, however, it needs to be adapted to specific tasks.
АНАЛІЗ МЕТОДІВ ОБРОБКИ КРИВОЛІНІЙНИХ ПОВЕРХОНЬ КУЛАЧКІВ РОЗПОДІЛЬНИХ ВАЛІВ ОРІЄНТОВАНИМ ІНСТРУМЕНТОМ
Authors: Vynnyk Volodymyr
Published: March 2021

Актуальність теми дослідження. В умовах високої конкуренції в машинобудуванні виробництво стає більш наукоємним. Актуальним науково-практичним завданням у машинобудуванні, автомобілебудуванні та текстильній промисловості є забезпечення високої точності та продуктивності обробки кулачків розподільних валів та кулачків текстильних машин. Постановка проблеми. Для забезпечення високої точності та продуктивності обробки криволінійних поверхонь кулачків необхідно застосовувати нові високоефективні способи обробки. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Розглянуто способи обробки деталей орієнтованими інструментами. Наведено тривимірне моделювання інструментальної поверхні, процесів зняття припуску та формоутворення при обробці криволінійних поверхонь кулачків. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Відсутність аналізу досліджень процесу обробки криволінійних поверхонь кулачків розподільних валів та кулачків текстильних машин. Постановка завдання. Проаналізувати способи обробки криволінійних поверхонь кулачків розподільних валів і кулачків текстильних машин зі схрещеними осями інструмента та деталі.
Виклад основного матеріалу. Розглянуто способи обробки криволінійних поверхонь деталей. Обробка криволінійних поверхонь кулачків розподільних валів здійснюється за один або декілька проходів фрезою або шліфувальним кругом. Найбільш ефективними способами обробки кулачків розподільних валів є шліфування та фрезерування орієнтованими інструментами за один установ. Висновки відповідно до статті. У роботі проаналізовано способи шліфування та фрезерування деталей. Для
забезпечення високої точності та продуктивності обробки запропоновано використовувати спосіб фрезерування криволінійних поверхонь кулачків розподільних валів і текстильних машин на верстатах з ЧПК зі схрещеними осями фрези та деталі, де за один прохід відбувається чорнове й чистове фрезерування всіх кулачків.
МІЖРІВНЕВИЙ БАЛАНС: БАЛАНСОВІ ПОКАЗНИКИ МІЖРІВНЕВОГО ПЕРЕСУВАННЯ ОДИНИЦЬ ОБ’ЄКТА – АГРЕГАТНА ФОРМА
Authors: Dubyagin Alexander , Gurуеv Volodymyr , Firsova Irina
Published: March 2021

Актуальність теми дослідження. Балансові показники міжрівневого пересування одиниць керованого структурованого об’єкта забезпечують всебічну кількісну оцінку наслідків керуючого впливу на об’єкт щодо ознаки, вимірюваної у шкалі відношень. Постановка проблеми. Неагреговані балансові показники, запропоновані до цього для характеристики міжрівневого пересування, унеможливлюють подібну оцінку. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Обчислення неагрегованих балансових показників міжрівневого пересування відбувається через значення чисельності рухомих одиниць об’єкта. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Оцінка наслідків керуючого впливу на структурований об’єкт, виконувана у значеннях вимірюваної ознаки і пояснювана міжрівневим пересуванням одиниць цього об’єкта. Постановка завдання. Сформулювати балансові показники пересування в системі показників міжрівневого балансу шляхом формулювання правил їх обчислення в агрегатній формі. Виклад основного матеріалу. Агреговані балансові показники міжрівневого пересування формулюються на основі його канонічної форми – міжрівневого заміщення, що дозволяє всебічно охарактеризувати наслідки керуючого впливу на об’єкт на різних рівнях їх систематизації. Результат такої систематизації – абсолютні та середні показники сальдо пересування і рівневого обороту, відносне сальдо пересування, коефіцієнти структури рівневого приросту й рівневого обороту, ефективність пересування, визначені в різних видових категоріях за критеріями «ступінь агрегування» та «межі руху». Вони сформульовані через сукупні значення ознаки, вимірюваної на тому чи іншому рівні у рухомих одиниць об’єкта, представлених у категоріях міжрівневого пересування «прибуття» і «вибуття». Висновки відповідно до статті. Запропоновані балансові показники міжрівневого пересування мають важливе значення для оцінки наслідків та ефективності керуючого впливу на структурований об’єкт.
Fato ou fake
Authors: Oliveira Débora Leite de , Costa Maria Helenice Araújo
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho tem como foco o fenômeno das chamadas fake news numa abordagem didática da leitura em sala de aula. Com base no paradigma da complexidade discutimos, nesta pesquisa ora em andamento, o processo de construção de sentidos por alunos de ensino médio de uma escola pública na cidade de Aurora-CE. Investigamos, por meio de oficinas de leitura, que caminhos interpretativos esses alunos percorrem para construir e reconstruir sentidos a partir da identificação de pistas (con)textuais que evidenciam falsas informações em textos de divulgação científica. Assim, a partir de uma experiência de leitura à luz da complexidade, verificamos como os estudantes ressignificam, na interação, essas falsas publicações. A pesquisa conta com o aporte teórico relacionado à concepção de texto como evento comunicativo (BEAUGRANDE, 1997; MARCUSCHI, 2008); aprendizagem situada (COSTA, 2010); leitura e complexidade (FRANCO, 2011; COSTA; MONTEIRO; ALVES, 2016); processos biológicos e cognitivos na aprendizagem (MATURANA; VARELA, 1995). Para observação da emergência dos dados, adotamos a pesquisa-ação como metodologia. Trata-se de uma proposta de pesquisa de mestrado em andamento, a ser aplicada em campo em 2020.1 com análise dos resultados em 2020.2.   [1] Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da UECE sob o parecer número 3.904.785.
Fonética, que bicho é esse?
Authors: Barbosa Plínio Almeida , Madureira Sandra , Passetti Renata Regina , Brescancini Cláudia Regina
Published: March 2021

Este ensaio aprofunda temas discutidos na Mesa Redonda “Fonética, que bicho é esse?” conduzida por estes autores no evento Abralin Ao Vivo – Linguists Online, no dia 22 de maio de 2020. Assim, são apresentados o objeto de estudo da Fonética, suas três áreas de estudos, a Fonética Articulatória, a Fonética Acústica e a Fonética Auditiva, bem como técnicas de análises que permitem o estudo experimental de cada uma delas; além de suas aplicações para outros domínios comunicativos, como aqueles que emergem da veiculação de emoções na fala, do estudo de aspectos sociais e do contexto forense. Nosso objetivo é fornecer ao leitor e, principalmente, ao estudante da área de Ciências da Linguagem, uma primeira visão geral da área de atuação da Fonética.
Automated Development of Molten Salt Machine Learning Potentials: Application to LiCl
Authors: sivaraman ganesh , Guo Jicheng , Ward Logan , Hoyt Nathaniel , Williamson Mark , Foster Ian , Benmore Chris , Jackson Nicholas
Published: March 2021

The in silico modeling of molten salts is of crucial importance to emerging "carbon free" energy applications, but is inhibited by the computational cost of quantum mechanically treating the high polarizabilities characteristic of molten salts. Here, we integrate configurational sampling using classical force-fields with active learning to automate the generation of near-DFT accurate machine learning Gaussian Approximation Potentials (GAP) for molten LiCl using fewer than 600 atomic configurations. Relative to conventional ab initio molecular dynamics, the molten LiCl GAP model exhibits a 19,000x speedup and improved experimental agreement as gauged by calculated R-factors. The accuracy of the GAP parametrization workflow is validated by its ability to reproduce experimental structure factors, densities, self-diffusion coefficients, and ionic conductivities for molten LiCl. This hybrid simulation strategy significantly accelerates the generation of machine learning potentials for molten salts by reducing the expensive ab initio calculations required for parameterization to O(100) evaluations, enabling the facile generation of first-principles quality predictions of structural and dynamical properties of molten salts.
Insights into Elution of Anion Exchange Cartridges: Opening the Path towards Aliphatic 18F-Radiolabeling of Base-Sensitive Tracers
Authors: Bratteby Klas , Shalgunov Vladimir , Battisti Umberto Maria , Petersen Ida Nymann , van den Broek Sara Lopes , Ohlsson Tomas G , Gillings Nic , Erlandsson Maria , Herth Matthias
Published: March 2021

Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution (SN2) with [18F]fluoride is the most widely applied method to prepare 18F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. Strongly basic conditions commonly used during 18F-labeling procedures inherently limit or prohibit labeling of base-sensitive scaffolds. The high basicity stems from the tradition to trap [18F]fluoride on anion exchange cartridges and elute it afterwards with basic anions. This sequence is used to facilitate the transfer of [18F]fluoride from an aqueous to an aprotic organic, polar reaction medium, which is beneficial for SN2 reactions. Furthermore, this sequence also removes cationic radioactive contaminations from cyclotron-irradiated [18O]water from which [18F]fluoride is produced. In this study, we developed an efficient elution procedure resulting in low basicity that permits SN2 18F-labeling of base-sensitive scaffolds. Extensive screening of trapping and elution conditions (>1000 experiments) and studying their influence on the radiochemical yield (RCY) allowed us to identify a suitable procedure for this. Four PET tracers and three synthons could be radiolabeled in substantially higher RCYs (up to 2.5-fold), even from lower precursor amounts, using this procedure. Encouraged by these results, we applied our low basicity method to the radiolabeling of highly base-sensitive tetrazines, which cannot be labeled using state-of-art direct aliphatic 18F-labeling procedures. Labeling succeeded in RCYs of up to 20%. We believe that our findings facilitate PET tracer development by opening the path towards simple and direct SN2 18F-fluorination of base-sensitive substrates.
On Stereocontrol in Organocatalytic α-Chlorinations of Aldehydes
Authors: Ponath Sebastian , Joshi Chetan , Merrill Amy T. , Schmidts Volker , Greis Kim , Lettow Maike , Weber Manuela , Steinhauer Simon , Pagel Kevin , Thiele Christina , Tantillo Dean , Vetticatt Mathew , Christmann Mathias
Published: March 2021

A comprehensive analysis of the organocatalytic α‐chlorination of aldehydes with N‐chloroimides and differ‐ ent catalysts is presented. For this reaction, alternate mechanisms were proposed that differ in the role of resting state intermediates and the rationalization of the observed enantioselectivity. This manuscript aims at resolving these funda‐ mental questions on the basis of rigorous structural characterization of intermediates (configuration and conformation), NMR studies, ion mobility‐mass spectrometry, concentration profiles, isotope studies, and DFT calculations.
Site-Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Glucose in Glycopeptides
Authors: Reintjens Niels R.M. , Yakovlieva Liubov , Marinus Nittert , Hekelaar Johan , Nuti Francesca , Papini Anna Maria , Witte Martin D. , Minnaard Adriaan J. , Walvoort Marthe
Published: March 2021

Here we report a novel method of site-selective oxidation of glucose moieties on individual glycopeptides and on a mixture of tryptic glycopeptides. The organometallic catalyst [(neocuproine)PdOAc]2OTf2, that was previously shown to perform regioselective C3-oxidation of glucosides, was used in the scope of this work. The selectivity of the catalyst towards glucose and the sensitivity of specific amino acid residues to oxidation was explored by screening a select panel of glycopeptides in the oxidation reactions. We reveal that glucosylated peptides are more readily oxidized compared to galactosylated peptides, and Thr/Ser-oxidation is a concomitant side-reaction. The oxidation methodology was also applied to the complex mixture of tryptic glucopeptides that was generated from the fragment of Haemophilus influenzae adhesin glycoprotein. The resulting keto-group of the glucose was further transformed into an oxime functionality, which allows introduction of various groups of interest. The methodology outlined in this work will allow to perfrom late-stage modification of glucopeptides as well as selective oxidation and functionalization of tryptic glucopeptides for proteomics analysis.
The rise of electronic commerce in healthcare: The need to ensure consumer safety
Authors: Houda Attjioui  , Amine Cheikh  , Amina Tebaa  , Mohamed Wadie Zerhouni  , Zineb Aliat  , Hafid Mefetah  , Mustapha Bouatia
Published: March 2021

The growth of e-commerce is revolutionizing access to health products, and offers of these products on the Internet are often attractive from the customer's point of view. However, it contributes significantly to the expansion of international trade in falsified medicines. The objective is to take stock of the significant growth in the online sale of health products with the health challenges encountered. We conducted a survey on the purchase of the most popular online health products in Morocco, and then examined the type of health products offered, the price of the most common drugs compared to conventional prices.49 websites and social network forums were identified, 37% of which had a specific address and 63% of which had a virtual interface. The sales strategies identified are numerous, the main ones being the availability of medical specialties not available in the country, the order to pay less and save time. The most common purchases concern so-called "comfort" medicines. The challenge for the health authorities is now to develop an appropriate regulatory approach to control the purchase of these products on the Internet and the implementation of measures to prevent and minimize the risks associated with this practice.