bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Realizing the Promise of Artificial Intelligence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Opportunities and Recommendations for Responsible Translation
Authors: Addissouky Tamer , M. A. Ali Majeed , El Tantawy El Sayed Ibrahim , Alubiady Mahmood Hasen Shuhata
Published: April 2024

This study aims to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to explore future directions for continued progress in this emerging field.  This study is a comprehensive literature review that synthesizes recent findings and advancements in the application of AI and machine learning techniques across various aspects of HCC care, including screening and early detection, diagnosis and staging, prognostic modeling, treatment planning, interventional guidance, and monitoring of treatment response. The review draws upon a wide range of published research studies, focusing on the integration of AI and machine learning with diverse data sources, such as medical imaging, clinical data, genomics, and other multimodal information.  The results demonstrate that AI-based systems have shown promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of HCC screening, diagnosis, and tumor characterization compared to traditional methods. Machine learning models integrating clinical, imaging, and genomic data have outperformed conventional staging systems in predicting survival and recurrence risk. AI-based recommendation systems have the potential to optimize personalized therapy selection, while augmented reality techniques can guide interventional procedures in real-time. Moreover, longitudinal application of AI may enhance the assessment of treatment response and recurrence monitoring. Despite these promising findings, the review highlights the need for rigorous multicenter prospective validation studies, standardized multimodal datasets, and thoughtful consideration of ethical implications before widespread clinical implementation of AI technologies in HCC management.
AI-Powered Real-time Accessibility Enhancement: A Solution for Web Content Accessibility Issues
Authors: Dash Samir
Published: April 2024

The web accessibility landscape is a significant challenge, with 96.3% of home pages displaying issues with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). This paper addresses the primary accessibility issues, such as missing Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) landmarks, ill-formed headings, low contrast text, and inadequate form labeling. The dynamic nature of modern web and cloud applications presents challenges, such as developers' limited awareness of accessibility implications, potential code bugs, and API failures. To address these issues, an AI-enabled system is proposed to dynamically enhance web accessibility. The system uses machine learning algorithms to identify and rectify accessibility issues in real-time, integrating with existing development workflows. Empirical evaluation and case studies demonstrate the efficacy of this solution in improving web accessibility across diverse scenarios.
Water Level Time Series Forecasting Using TCN Study Case in Surabaya
Authors: Saepudin Deni , Egi Shidqi Rabbani  , Dio Navialdy  , Didit Adytia
Published: April 2024

Climate change is causing water levels to rise, leading to detrimental effects like tidal flooding in coastal areas. Surabaya, the capital of East Java Province in Indonesia, is particularly vulnerable due to its low-lying location. According to the Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), tidal flooding occurs annually in Surabaya as a result of rising water levels, highlighting the urgent need for water level forecasting models to mitigate these impacts. In this study, we employ the Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) machine learning model for water level forecasting using data from a sea level station monitoring facility in Surabaya. We divided the training data into three scenarios: 3, 6, and 8 months to train TCN models for 14-day forecasts. The 8-month training scenario yielded the best results. Subsequently, we used the 8-month training data to forecast 1, 3, 7, and 14 days using TCN, Transformers, and the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) models. TCN consistently outperformed other models, particularly excelling in 1-day forecasting with coefficient of determination () and RMSE values of 0.9950 and 0.0487, respectively.
Taxes and Customs Duties as Instruments for Extracting Oil Rent into the State Budget: The Case of Russia
Authors:   Baikal State University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Fedotov Dmitry Yu. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Burov Vitaly Yu. ,   Transbaikal State University, Chita, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

For countries focused on the extraction and processing of natural resources, including Russia, a crucial task is to ensure the rational extraction and distribution of natural rent. The tax model applied to natural rent should facilitate its optimal allocation to the budget without undermining the motivation of resource users to invest. This study seeks to gauge the extent of oil rent extraction into the Russian budget and suggest strategies to enhance the efficacy of redistributing oil rent to the state budget. Our hypothesis proposes that export customs duties, compared to the mineral extraction tax, prove more effective in achieving the desired redistribution from resource users to the budget. To assess the extent of oil rent extraction, we devised a methodology based on calculating the oil rent generated in Russia. This method involves measuring the difference between the income generated by the oil industry and the total expenses incurred by oil sector companies. Our analysis reveals that, from 2005 to 2022, up to 87% of the oil rent generated in Russia was extracted through rent payments to the state budget. However, in recent years, the degree of oil rent extraction has decreased to 56%. This decline can be attributed to the tax maneuver initiated in Russia since 2015, entailing a reduction and eventual elimination of export customs duties, coupled with an increase in the mineral extraction tax rate. Our results indicate a diminishing effectiveness of rent-based taxation in Russia due to the reduced fiscal significance of rent payments. Furthermore, their regulatory function, designed to incentivize taxpayers for investment contributions, has weakened. These findings offer valuable insights for shaping fiscal policies and lay the groundwork for further research in this domain.
The Consequences of Tax Changes: The Evidence on Tax Multiplier in Russia
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Belev Sergei G. ,   ussian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russian Federation, Matveev Evgenii O. ,   ussian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

The information about tax changes’ effects on aggregate output is highly important for economic policy, especially in times of economic contractions. Russian economy underwent the series of tax changes during 2003–2020. For better tax policy design, it is necessary to understand and to evaluate the effects of this changes on aggregate output, which is the purpose of this study. To solve the problem of endogeneity we use two methods– “narrative approach” and “classical” approach. The first one uses data on exogenous, not driven by economic conditions, tax changes from official documents and forecasts. The second one uses cyclical component of the aggregate tax receipts as tax shocks indicator. Using both methods we estimated a VAR model of Russian economy for period 2003–2020. The implementation of “narrative approach” did not provide any significant effect possibly due to vulnerability towards the measurement error. Based on the classic approach we found that tax changes affect output with a 1-year lag and a 1 percentage point shock of aggregate tax receipts to GDP ratio lowers output growth by 0.7–0.88 percentage points. This result is robust to inclusion of additional factors in the model. The results are mostly consistent with existing research. Implementation of “narrative approach” proved to be restricted in Russia. “Classical” approach allows to conclude that tax changes could serve as an appropriate tool of countercyclical policy in Russia. On the other hand, increasing tax burden in times of downturn could be highly harmful for recovery. These results should be interpreted taken into consideration the limitations of the VAR method used.
The Validity of Personal Income Tax Deductions: Analyzing Expenses for Children’s Education in Private Schools in Moscow
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Leontev Evgenii V. , Leontieva Yulia V. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Shirshov Sergey A. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Linnik Elizaveta Yu. ,   Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Published: April 2024

Tax incentives are commonly used to support various sectors and population, and this study delves into the realm of deductions for the personal income tax (known as NDFL in Russia). We explore differing perspectives on these deductions, considering them either as investments in human capital for future income growth or as a form of government-initiated financing for specific sectors. Focusing on deductions related to children’s education expenses in private schools, the research evaluates the effectiveness of budgetary investments in this sector. Using DEA analysis, the study assesses private schools based on factors like teacher-student ratios, classroom space per student, and access to computers and educational literature. The learning outcomes were measured by the number of high performers in the Unified State Exam and the number of 9th-grade graduates with certificates of distinction. The evaluation of learning outcomes reveals that many private schools in Moscow prioritize comfort over educational standards and the majority of them perform below the average levels in terms of effectiveness. The findings prompt questions about the feasibility of including private school expenses in personal income tax deductions. The proposed approach recommends tying eligibility for these deductions to the effectiveness of private schools, ensuring a more targeted and impactful use of tax benefits.
Do Capital Adequacy Ratios of the Banking System Affect the Taxation Performance: Novel Evidence from BRICS Nations
Authors:   Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman, Samour Ahmed , Yilmaz Ilker ,   Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman
Published: April 2024

The empirical studies on the potential interconnection between tax and financial growth have gathered a great deal of attention from scholars and policymakers. However, the impact of regulatory capital on taxation performance has been ignored. In this context, the study aims to provide new discussion by assessing the linkage between capital adequacy and taxation revenues in the case of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) economies. We aim to find out the impact of capital adequacy ratios on the taxation performance of BRICS countries. We hypothesize that a stronger banking system is positively associated with higher taxation performance. A sound banking and financial system promotes economic development and growth, also resulting in the firms’ profitability and ultimately increasing the government’s tax revenues. Using the advanced quantile panel technique of the Methods of Moments Quantile Method (MM-QR), the study showed that capital adequacy positively influences taxation sustainability in the BRICS economies. Besides, the findings illustrated that economic growth positively increases taxation revenues in the BRICS economies. The study suggests that regulatory capital policies can positively influence financial stability by mitigating bank risk-taking incentives and offering a buffer against losses. Hence, an increase in capital adequacy will promote financial stability, which in turn leads to increased taxation revenues. However, higher capital adequacy may increase the franchise value of core banks’ activities, which in turn allows banks to attract new investments and funds that can be used for investment in risky market-based activities. Based on the empirical analysis, the study concludes that policymakers should focus more on capital regulation and sustainable taxation revenues.
CEO characteristics and Tax Aggressiveness in Indonesian Family Firms: The Upper Echelons Theory Perspective
Authors:   Universitas Stikubank, Semarang, Indonesia, Oktaviani Rachmawati Meita , Rohman Abdul ,   Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia, Zulaikha Zulaikha ,   Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
Published: April 2024

Tax aggressiveness is an effort that companies can undertake to save on tax payments. One of the factors driving why tax aggressiveness is pursued is the presence of CEO. This study emphasizes the characteristics of CEO. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of CEO characteristics on tax aggressiveness based on the upper echelon’s theory perspective. CEO characteristics are divided into CEO tenure, educational background, and gender. CEO tenure in this study is proxied by how long someone has held the position of CEO, while educational background and gender are proxied using dummy variables. The choice of profitability is because profit is used as the main basis in tax calculation. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with an observation period of 2019–2022 in the seventy family firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data used is panel data and analyzed employing the EViews program. The model estimation tests feasible to use was the fixed effect model (FEM). The regression results show that CEO tenure, educational background, and gender partially and simultaneously affected tax aggressiveness. The study results generally indicate that family-owned companies tend to utilize more tax aggressiveness. At the same time, the level of education of the general director has a negative effect on tax aggressiveness, i.e. the higher the level of education, the less tax aggressiveness. The gender asymmetry is that women as family business leaders demonstrate greater tax aggressiveness than male leaders. Therefore, the benefit of this research from the government’s perspective is to formulate policies to reduce efforts of tax aggressiveness, especially for companies predominantly owned by families.
The Role of Taxpayer Awareness in Enhancing Vehicle Tax Compliance in Indonesia: An Attribution Theory Approach
Authors:   Perbanas Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia, Erasashanti Annathasia P. , Cahaya Yohanes Ferry ,   Perbanas Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia, Yuniarti Rizki ,   Perbanas Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia, Rifaldi Muhammad ,   Perbanas Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia, Prasetyo Johan Hendri ,   Universitas Nusa Mandiri, Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: April 2024

This study explores the dynamics of taxpayer compliance with motor vehicle taxes, shedding light on the intricacies of transport taxation. Focusing on the mediating role of taxpayer awareness, the research employs a quantitative approach with Likert scale measurements. Primary data is gathered from 300 respondents in Bekasi Regency, Indonesia, out of a population of 1,789,548 taxpayers, using accidental sampling. SEM-PLS analysis reveals that adherence to tax rules, system updates, understanding tax intricacies, higher incomes, and taxpayer awareness contribute significantly to enhanced tax compliance within the context of motor vehicle taxation. Notably, the study finds that public education about taxes does not significantly impact compliance in this specific domain. The factors influencing taxpayer awareness encompass tax rules, system upgrades, tax knowledge, public education, and income levels. While taxpayer awareness is linked to system upgrades, tax knowledge, public education, income levels, and compliance, it doesn’t connect with tax rules and compliance in the realm of motor vehicle taxation. The research implications provide valuable guidance specifically tailored to policymakers and tax authorities dealing with transport taxation. Emphasizing the significance of tax penalties, system modernization, and tailored taxpayer awareness programs can foster improved compliance in the motor vehicle taxation domain. Policymakers are urged to reassess the efficacy of tax socialization initiatives in the context of transport taxation, exploring alternative approaches for public tax education in this specific domain. Understanding the nuanced interplay among tax rules, system upgrades, tax knowledge, public education, income levels, taxpayer awareness, and compliance in the realm of motor vehicle taxation can inform targeted interventions for an overall enhancement of tax adherence in this specialized area.
Manipulation of Transfer Pricing Rules by Multinational Enterprises in Developing Countries: The Challenges and Solutions
Authors:   University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia, Eukeria Wealth ,   University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, Mpofu Favourate Yelesedzani ,   National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
Published: April 2024

Domestic revenue mobilisation has become a topical issue in developing countries, and their capacity to regulate multinational enterprises (MNE) transactions to minimise Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) remains a formidable task. Faced with legislative deficiencies, implementation incapacities, and being at the nascent stages of adopting transfer pricing (TP) regulation, developing countries have remained at the mercy of MNEs’ BEPS practices. The complexity and intricacies of intragroup transactions have an impact on profit allocation, thus affecting the distribution of taxing rights across countries where these MNEs operate. This study explores the regulatory policies toward international transfer pricing in the context of developing nations and the associated challenges. The paper proffers possible solutions to improve TP regulation and implementation. Specifically, the paper centres its attention on Zimbabwe, one of the developing nations that have implemented transfer pricing legislation in recent years. Mitigating the impact of BEPS through efforts, such as regulating and managing TP would avail potential substantial finance to shift developing countries from aid dependence to self-sustenance, yet these efforts face a lot of hurdles. Research that contributes to knowledge development in the area, evaluates the hurdles faced and contributes to policy and implementation improvements becomes vital. This study found that Zimbabwe is faced with challenges such as lack of legislative clarity, lack of comparability data, shortage of resources, lack of capacity and dysfunctional double taxation agreements in dealing with transfer pricing. The study recommends Zimbabwe should improve legislation, create TP databases, improve revenue authorities’ capacity, and increase stakeholder awareness of TP.
EFFECTS OF EVAPORATING SPRAY ON NEAR-FIELD TURBULENCE CHARACTERISTICS IN A GAS TURBINEâLIKE MODEL COMBUSTOR
Authors: Wang Ya , Xiao Hualin , Chai Min , Luo Kun , Fan Jianren
Published: April 2024

Direct numerical simulation of lean fuel spray in a prevaporized, premixed model combustor is performed
to investigate the effects of evaporating spray on turbulence characteristics under gas turbine-like conditions. The gas phase is solved in Eulerian frame and the droplets are tracked as Lagrangian
particles. The evaporation process is described with a corrected infinite thermal conductivity model.
The results show that evaporating spray that has almost completed evaporation in the premixing tube
could significantly affect the local turbulent characteristic in the near-field area. With the existence of
evaporating spray, the recirculation zones are evidently enhanced and expanded. For fluctuating fields,
the increase in axial component indicates an intensive turbulent disturbance caused by evaporating
spray. Further analysis of the energy spectrum shows that evaporating spray magnifies kinetic energy
in the small scale. The evaporating spray globally increases the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) along
the radius. Through the budget of TKE, the detailed mechanism of TKE transport is observed. The
convective transport and turbulent transport are enhanced noticeably while production and viscous
dissipation are abated. For the subviscous dissipation terms, evaporating spray can significantly depress
squared dilatation, thus reducing turbulence dissipation to internal energy. Evaporating spray
influences turbulence in many aspects.
Cyd-ddylunio mannau dysgu gyda dysgwyr: Gwersi o ystafell ddosbarth ysgol gynradd Gymraeg
Authors: McQueen Robyn , Pullen Matthew , Chapman Sammy , Hann Scott , Beauchamp Gary , Crick Tom , Davies Owen , Hughes Carl , Lewis Caroline , Owen Kaydee Leanne
Published: April 2024

Mae’r ymchwil hon yn cyflwyno astudiaeth achos o fyfyrdodau a gasglwyd oddi wrth un dosbarth ar sut yr oeddent wedi ail-ddylunio eu hystafell ddosbarth i weddu i anghenion amrywiol yr athro a’r dysgwyr, a sut mae dysgwyr yn parhau i addasu eu man dysgu i weddu i’w hanghenion unigol yn well. Mae canfyddiadau’r papur hwn yn taflu goleuni ar sut mae dysgwyr yn gwerthfawrogi galluogedd a dewis yn eu hystafelloedd dosbarth, rhywbeth y gellir ei gyflawni drwy gynnig arwynebau gwaith a mannau amrywiol iddynt i gwblhau gweithgareddau dysgu. Awgrymodd y dysgwyr fod amgylcheddau dysgu hyblyg yn eu galluogi i ddewis ble a sut i gwblhau eu gwaith, ond hefyd yn eu galluogi i leoli eu hunain mewn amgylcheddau cymdeithasol sy’n addas i’w hanghenion dysgu. Mae’r gwaith hwn yn rhoi cyd-destun a gweledigaeth bellach ar weithredu’r Cwricwlwm newydd i Gymru o fis Medi 2022 ymlaen, yn ogystal â’r diwygiadau ehangach ar lefel system addysg sy’n digwydd yng Nghymru ar hyn o bryd.
Framework de apoio à tomada de decisão na concessão de benefício tributário de Refis pelos municípios brasileiros
Authors: Turini Amanda Maciel Carneiro , Raupp Fabiano Maury
Published: April 2024

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo propor um framework de apoio à tomada de decisão na concessão de benefício tributário de Refis pelos municípios brasileiros. Com metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, ênfase analítica e prescritiva e uso da Design Science Research como método, tem visão de realidade intersubjetiva, interacionista e coconstruída e epistemologia e paradigma construtivista. As coletas e análises de dados se ampararam em documentos, dados oficiais, referenciais teóricos, observação, entrevistas e questionários, com análise de conteúdo e triangulação. Houve validação do instrumento por especialistas e aplicações, via simulação, em municípios brasileiros. Como resultado, gerou-se o framework composto por 7 dimensões e 19 categorias, sendo uma delas inédita em estudos teóricos, assim como a categorização. Pela pesquisa e seus avanços teóricos e práticos, pode-se concluir pelo potencial do framework como instrumento de apoio aos gestores públicos municipais na tomada de decisão da concessão de benefício tributário de Refis, cujas colaborações têm impacto na Academia, na sociedade e na Administração Pública, tecendo suas reflexões e elaborando seu produto final com variadas visões de mundo visando a satisfação do bem coletivo.
Schwarz Problem for Model Partial Differential Equations with One Complex Variable
Authors: Karaca Bahriye
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the Schwarz problem. Initially, the focus lies on analyzing the problem for the first, second orders. Subsequently, attention shifts towards studying the same problem for equations of higher order. In the realm of second-order equations, the Schwarz problem is specifically examined for some operators; Laplace, Bitsadze and its complex conjugate. The findings demonstrate that the Schwarz problem for an n-order equation, when equipped with solely one boundary condition, exhibits an infinite number of solutions. However, by incorporating additional boundary conditions, it becomes feasible to obtain a unique solution for problem concerning n-order equations, effectively rendering it a well-posed problem.
The Intensity of Lipid Peroxide Oxidation Processes and the System State of Antioxidant Protection of Broiler Chicken Due to the Action of the Synbiotic Preparation in Complex with the Disinfectant
Authors: Chechet Olha , Kovalenko Vyacheslav , Vishchur Oleh , Romanko Maryna , Ushkalov Valerii
Published: April 2024

Developing methods for increasing the immune reactivity and antioxidant potential of the bird's body during critical periods of growth is an urgent task today. The purpose of the research was to find out the influence of the synbiotic "Biomagn" in combination with the disinfectant "Diolide" on the intensity of the processes of peroxide oxidation of lipids and the activity of the system of antioxidant protection in the organism of chickens. The research was carried out on 2 groups of chickens, 100 in each, starting from 1 to 41 days of age: the control group was fed with standard compound feed (SCF); the chickens of the experimental group were fed with SCF, and the synbiotic preparation "Biomagn" based on 0.5 kg per ton of compound feed. The experimental group received a solution of the preparation "Diolide" with water. For conducting immunological research, blood was taken from chickens at different age periods: from 10-, 27-, 31-, and 41-day-old chickens. The use of the synbiotic preparation "Biomagn" in combination with the disinfectant "Diolide" in the chickens of the experimental group normalized the intensity of the processes of lipid peroxidation and oxidative modification of proteins in the poultry's organism - a decrease was established (p <0.05–0.001) in GPO content and TBK-active products and aldehyde derivatives oxidative modification of proteins in the blood compared to the control. The detected event was determined by increased activity of the enzyme link of the antioxidant protection system of the organism of chickens.
Regulation of Natural Monopoly: The Turkish Electricity Market
Authors: Akduran Erol Özgün
Published: April 2024

This study examines the situations that arise when regulating a natural monopoly market by focusing on Türkiye’s electricity market. Specifically, this qualitative study investigates the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) in terms of capture theory, drawing on various documentary sources, such as electricity sector regulation legislation (constitutions, sector laws, decree-laws, Plan and Budgeting Committee documents of The Grand National Assembly of Türkiye), EMRA official decisions, newspaper reports from 2001 to 2021, and media interviews. The empirical findings discussed throughout the article reveal numerous instances consistent with the capture theory.
The Link Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Analysis with a Conceptual Model Proposal
Authors: Oğuz Suzan
Published: April 2024

This study examines the relationship between trade openness, economic growth, energy consumption and carbon emissions (CO2) with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) by offering a model proposal. In this context, a path analysis was carried out with SEM using the 2000-2020 period data of 83 developed and developing countries to examine the direct and indirect effects between the variables. The study's findings show that trade openness directly and significantly affects economic growth, energy consumption and CO2. When the indirect effects are examined, it has been determined that economic growth and energy consumption mediate the relationship between trade openness and CO2, and energy consumption mediates the relationship between economic growth and CO2.
From Classical Political Economics to Neoclassical (Mainstream) Economics: The Ideological Reproduction and Depoliticization Process of Economics
Authors: Sarı Aksakal Betül
Published: April 2024

The first school of thought that allowed economics to be treated as a separate discipline was classical economics, known as classical political economy. Classical economics is described as the science of distribution. However, the extent to which science prioritises distributional dynamics is debatable. On the other hand, after the marginalist revolution in the 1870s, the birth of neoclassical economics led to the separation of economics from social sciences. Pure economic logic has separated the economy from society, politics, and all kinds of social factors and put it into positive sciences that operate with an autonomous mechanism within itself. In this way, it is thought that it is aimed to exclude the secrets that can question the structural depth and distribution dynamics of the capitalist system. In all these contexts, the ideological-based reproduction and depoliticisation process of classical and neoclassical economics will be discussed within a historical materialist framework. Thus, it is thought that it will be possible to reveal the theoretical and ideological realities behind the visible faces of classical economics, characterised as classical political economy and neoclassical economics, known as mainstream economics.
Bilateral J-Curve Between Türkiye and Its Major Non-EU Trading Partners: Evidence from Both Linear and Non-Linear Approach
Authors: Yılmaz Alper
Published: April 2024

This research analysed the bilateral J-curve phenomenon in the Turkish economy. For this purpose, we applied both the linear and non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) co-integration methods, in addition to the asymmetric Toda-Yamamoto causality test, to examine whether the impact of Turkish lira appreciations differs from that of lira depreciation. The findings from the linear model indicate statistically significant coefficients for the long term, and J-curve effects were observed in the case of two countries: Russia and the UAE. This suggests that when the Turkish lira depreciates, it positively affects Turkey's trade balance with these partners; however, lira appreciations have a negative impact. In contrast, the non-linear model provides more evidence, with the results revealing that asymmetry cannot be ignored, as the positive and negative variables exhibit differences in signs, magnitudes, and levels of significance. We found the J-curve effect for only three countries (India, USA, and UAE) out of seven partners in this model. Third, the lira evaluation between the short and long run affected the external balance. Furthermore, the long-run error correction mechanisms converge to steady-state equilibrium faster. Lastly, there is a unidirectional or bilateral linkage between the FX rate and the external deficit for these four partners. Therefore, exchange rate policies are a determinant that should be considered in relationships with certain trading partners.
The Strategies of Turkish Female Managers to Break Glass Ceiling
Authors: Kaya Yeşim , Tamer Gülay
Published: April 2024

The number of female employees in the business world is increasing daily; however, managerial positions have disadvantages. They are not significantly represented in corporate leadership positions. The fragile and transparent but real barrier that prevents qualified women from advancing to senior management positions has been conceptualised as the glass ceiling in the literature. This study aims to identify and conceptualise Turkish female managers' strategies to break the glass ceiling through the qualitative research method within the framework of elements that create a glass ceiling, such as gender discrimination and gender prejudices in society, organisational culture, some female-specific behavioural faults, personal compromises and encouragers for a career. Content analysis of the interviews conducted with senior female managers was carried out using the MAXQDA software program. As a result of the study, it has been determined that Turkish female managers apply different strategies in three areas: work-life and family balance, professional life, and career path. These are inspiring strategies for women at all management levels, which they can use to advance their career paths. Among these strategies, the approach that the organisation can support will also be a guide for human resources management practitioners, managers and leaders, and organisational structure and culture designers.
Doğu Antalya Turizm Gelişim Bölgesi’nde Turistik Ürün Satıcılarının Turizme ve Turistlere Karşı Tutumu
Authors: Sarı Cemali , Akbalık Başak Sahara Can
Published: April 2024

Doğu Antalya Turizm Gelişim Bölgesi’nde (Kundu, Belek, Side) turizm faaliyetlerinin geliştirilmesi için hem turistik ürün satıcılarının hem de turistlerin beklentilerini karşılamak son derece önemlidir. Bu nedenle bu araştırmada; Doğu Antalya Turizm Gelişim Bölgesi’ndeki turistik ürün satıcılarının turizme ve turistlere karşı tutumlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda nicel araştırma yöntemine başvurulmuş ve 2022 yılı Haziran-Ekim aylarında Antalya ili Doğu Antalya Turizm Gelişim Bölgesi’ndeki turistik ürün satıcılığı yapan 364 katılımcıya anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen verilere göre; araştırma sahasındaki turistik ürün satıcılarının turistleri arkadaşça gördüğü ve turistlerin bölgede yerel ekonomiyi canlandırdığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak turistlerin bölgede yaşam maliyetini artırdığı, Covid-19 Pandemisinin turizm faaliyetlerini azalttığı ve otellerin ‘her şey dâhil’(all-inclusive) konseptinin turizm faaliyetlerini azalttığının gözlemlenmesi sebebiyle turistik ürün satıcılarının turizme ve turistlere karşı tutumlarının belirlenmesi Antalya’nın gelecekteki turizm planlaması için hem kamuya hem de özel sektör karar vericilerine önemli veriler sunacaktır.
Treatment of chronic instability of the patella by ligamentoplasty of the medial patellofemoral ligament
Authors: MJEL Mekkaoui , HEl Ouagari , M Boufettal , RA Bassir , M Kharmaz , MO Lamrani , MS Berrada
Published: April 2024

Objective and potential Patellofemoral Instability (PFI) is linked to different anatomical anomalies. It has been suggested that in the majority of cases of patellar dislocation, the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL) is ruptured with a high recurrence rate, particularly in female patients. Although MPFL tear is not the primary cause of instability, MPFL reconstruction is effective in stabilizing the knee and can single-handedly prevent lateral patellar dislocation. There is limited but growing evidence that MPFL reconstruction for patellofemoral instability leads to excellent functional outcomes. In this work, we report our technique of MPFL reconstruction using the gracilis tendon with a review of recent literature concerning MPFL reconstruction and functional results in the face of objective patellar instabilities treated solely by MPFL reconstruction.
The dromedary in Algeria: An evolution at times of multifunctionality
Authors: Senoussi A Hakim , Brahimi Zakaria , Kadri Soumeya , Faye Bernard
Published: April 2024

In Algeria, camels are one of the greatest resources and reservoirs of the Saharan territory. Despite a past that testifies to their predominant role in a hostile environment, this species has been comparatively obscured by the prominence of other livestock. Their legendary sobriety makes them the emblematic animal of merchant caravans, renowned for their versatility. Currently, peri-urban farms have developed on the outskirts of Saharan cities, and their commercial purpose cannot overshadow other values associated with dromedaries. Indeed, the growth in camel populations has been accompanied by an evolution in livestock systems. The significant increase in demand for camel products, revealed by the socio-economic changes within nomadic communities, has contributed to modifying breeding practices and logics, which in turn have affected the various camel functions. In other words, this represents a dimension of renewal through the developed products and services provided, which prove to be valuable assets. It is in this perspective that this contribution is situated, offering a synthesis that attempts to highlight the scope of camel farming in the Algerian Sahara. The objective of this study is to show the importance of the dromedary concerning its polyfunctionality through the products it supplies and the services it provides.
Fluorescence assay for Enterovirus A71 3C protease activity measurement v1
Authors: Giroud Charline , not provided oleg.fedorov
Published: April 2024

This protocol details the fluorescence assay for Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) 3C protease activity measurement. This method is intended to measure the activity of viral proteases by using a specific labelled-peptide that allows the detection of the cleaved product. The substrate contains the cleavage-sequence specific to the tested protease and is labeled in C-terminal by the fluorophore Edans (ex 336 nm; em: 455 nm) and in N-ternimal by the quencher Dabcyl (ex 472 nm). In the case of a non-cleaved substrate, the proximity of Dabcyl to Edans prevents the emission and the detection of the fluorescence at 455 nm. The cleavage of the peptide by the protease allows Edans’ fluorescence emission and detection.
Crystallization of Enterovirus coxsackievirus A16 2A protease v1
Authors: Lithgo ryan , Marples Peter , Koekemoer Lizbé , Fearon Daren
Published: April 2024

Picornaviridae coxsackievirus A16 is the causative agent of paediatric hand-foot-and-mouth disease, and a target for pandemic preparedness due to the risk of higher order complications in a large-scale outbreak. The 2A protease of the virus is responsible for self-cleavage from the poly protein, allowing for correct folding and assembly of capsid proteins in the final stages of viral replication. Inhibition deranges capsid folding and assembly, preventing formation of mature virions in host cells and making the protease a valuable target for antiviral activity. This protocol was used to grow coxsackievirus A16 crystals that were applied high-throughput crystallographic fragment screening on the target.
Crystallization of SARS-CoV-2 N Protein v1
Authors: Marples Peter , Koekemoer Lizbé , Fearon Daren
Published: April 2024

The crystallization protocol and buffer conditions used to obtain reproducible SARS C0V-2 Nucelocapsid crystals suitable for XChem fragment screening.
Fluorescence assay for MERS-CoV Mpro activity measurement v1
Authors: Giroud Charline , not provided oleg.fedorov
Published: April 2024

This protocol details the fluorescence assay for MERS-CoV Mpro protease activity measurement. This method is intended to measure the activity of viral proteases by using a specific labelled peptide that allows the detection of the cleaved product. The substrate contains the cleavage-sequence specific to the tested protease and is labeled in C-terminal by the fluorophore Edans (ex 336 nm; em: 455 nm) and in N-ternimal by the quencher Dabcyl (ex 472 nm). In the case of a non-cleaved substrate, the proximity of Dabcyl to Edans prevents the emission and the detection of the fluorescence at 455 nm. The cleavage of the peptide by the protease allows Edans’ fluorescence emission and detection.
Enterovirus D68 3C protease small scale expression and purification protocol v1
Authors: Wang Korvus , fairhead michael , Williams Eleanor
Published: April 2024

This protocol details the expression and purification of enterovirus D68 3C protease construct bearing a C-terminal His-tag at small scale (<6L).
Crystallization of MERS-CoV Mpro v1
Authors: not provided blake.h.balcomb , Marples Peter , Koekemoer Lizbé , Fearon Daren , Tomlinson Charlie
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to identify novel therapeutic interventions and strategies for pandemic preparedness. Other than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are several human coronaviruses that are of pandemic concern, these include SARS-CoV and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV). MERS-CoV is a zoonotic virus that was first discovered in 2012. The disease has spread rapidly with large outbreaks as recent as 2015 and 2018. Currently there is no therapeutic intervention for MERS-CoV with 35% of reported cases resulting in human death. Like-wise to SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV produces a main protease (Mpro) which is essential for viral replication and therefore an attractive target to inhibit the virus.
Crystallization of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro v1
Authors: not provided blake.h.balcomb , Marples Peter , Koekemoer Lizbé , Fearon Daren , Tomlinson Charlie
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to identify novel therapeutic interventions and strategies for pandemic preparedness against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This protocol outlines the crystallization protocol and buffer conditions used to obtain reproducible SARS-CoV-2 Mpro crystals suitable for XChem fragment screening.
surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in low-income countries v2
Authors: Majigo Mtebe , Mshana Stephen , Komba Erick , Moremi Nyambura , Matee Mecky
Published: April 2024

The protocol intends to assist users in designing a sustainable surveillance program for AMR in the community involving children above two years of age and adults passively presenting to a lower health facility for healthcare. Implementation of the protocol requires initial preparation of thelaboratories to be involved, surveillance areas, selection of priority bacteria and antimicrobials to be used and the design of a coordinated sampling plan.Recruitment should occur continuously in selected health facilities for at least 12 months to observe seasonal trends. At least 10 mL of clean-catch mid-stream urine must be collected into 20 mL calibrated sterile screw-capped universal bottles lined with 0.2 mg boric acid and transported to the testing laboratory.Utilize the data system that generates standard reports for patient care and to be shared internally and externally in the regions and the world through global platforms such as theGlobal Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System.
Crystallization of Zika NS5 RdRp v1
Authors: not provided anu.chandran , Marples Peter , Walsh Martin
Published: April 2024

The main aim of this work was to identify small molecules that bind Zika NS5 RdRp (catalytic RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain) through X-ray fragment-based screening. The Zika NS5 RDRP domain was cloned, expressed, purified, and crystallised. Suitable crystals for fragment screening were produced and optimised allowing an extensive fragment campaign to be performed. A native high-resolution structure was determined at 1.8Å and formed the basis for the fragment campaign.
A protocol for computerized quantitative analysis of nerve fibers, mast cells, enteric glial cells and the proximity of mast cells to the nerve fibers in 3D Images of human sigmoid mucosal biopsies v1
Authors: Li Tao , Yuan Pu-Qing , Taché Yvette
Published: April 2024

This protocol describes a step-by-step computational workflow that we developed by adapting Imaris 9.7-9.9 Surfaces Rendering Technology (https://imaris.oxinst.com/products/imaris-for-neuroscientists) to perform the quantitative analysis of nerve fibers, enteric glial and immune cells in 3D images of human sigmoid mucosal biopsies, as well as to assess the proximity of mast cells to the nerve fibers which cannot be easily portrayed and precisely measured with 2D images. The volumes of surface-masked nerve fibers and enteric glial cells, the numbers of spotted mast cells and the shortest distances of the centers of each individual spot to the surfaces of nerve fibers in 3D images were automatically computed and plotted correspondently with Imaris 9.7-9.9. This computerized protocol not only reduces the biases due to observer/examinerjudgment and overcomes limitations of 2D images, but also much faster than measuring manually and allows us to quantitate a larger number of samples, increasing statistical accuracy. The created parameters also provide efficient reference for us to apply the New AI Machine Learning Segmentation implemented into Imaris 10.1 recently for our quantitative analysis of large datasets. This protocol has been using in out study relevant to the underlying peripheral mechanisms of visceral pain in irritable bowel syndrome.
A protocol for computerized quantitative analysis of nerve fibers, mast cells, enteric glial cells and the proximity of mast cells to the nerve fibers in 3D Images of human sigmoid mucosal biopsies v2
Authors: Li Tao , Yuan Pu-Qing , Taché Yvette
Published: April 2024

This protocol describes a step-by-step computational workflow that we developed by adapting Imaris 9.7-9.9 Surfaces Rendering Technology (https://imaris.oxinst.com/products/imaris-for-neuroscientists) to perform the quantitative analysis of nerve fibers, enteric glial and immune cells in 3D images of human sigmoid mucosal biopsies, as well as to assess the proximity of mast cells to the nerve fibers which cannot be easily portrayed and precisely measured with 2D images. The volumes of surface-masked nerve fibers and enteric glial cells, the numbers of spotted mast cells and the shortest distances of the centers of each individual spot to the surfaces of nerve fibers in 3D images were automatically computed and plotted correspondently with Imaris 9.7-9.9. This computerized protocol not only reduces the biases due to observer/examiner judgment and overcomes limitations of 2D images, but also much faster than measuring manually and allows us to quantitate a larger number of samples, increasing statistical accuracy. The created parameters also provide efficient reference for us to apply the New AI Machine Learning Segmentation implemented into Imaris 10.1 recently for our quantitative analysis of large datasets. This protocol has been using in out study relevant to the underlying peripheral mechanisms of visceral pain in irritable bowel syndrome.
Enterovirus coxsackievirus A16 2A protease small scale expression and purification protocol v1
Authors: Wang Korvus , fairhead michael , Williams Eleanor
Published: April 2024

This protocol details the expression and purification of coxsackievirus A16 2A protease construct bearing a N-terminal His-SUMO tag at small scale (<6L). Picornaviridae Enterovirus coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16)
SARS-CoV-2 Mpro small scale expression and purification protocol v1
Authors: Wang Korvus , fairhead michael , Williams Eleanor
Published: April 2024

This protocol details the expression and purification of SARS Mpro construct bearing a N-terminal His-SUMO tag at small scale (<6L).