bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel approach to legacy donations with long‐term benefits supported by mathematical analysis
Authors: Solow Daniel , Symes Robin , Webb Natalie
Published: August 2023

A novel approach to legacy donations, called the “Master Fund Strategy,” is proposed. Potential long‐term financial benefits for both donor and nonprofit organizations (NPOs) when compared to a “Traditional Fund Strategy” are established through mathematical analysis and computer simulations, providing nonprofit marketing and fundraising professionals an alternative way to lock in bequest funding. In particular, formulas are developed for computing relevant financial quantities associated with the two strategies. Conditions are presented under which the Master Fund Strategy is better than the Traditional Fund Strategy, in the sense that there is a point in time when the net present value of the distributions to the NPO under the Master Fund Strategy exceeds that of a Traditional Fund Strategy and continues to do so beyond that point. These analytical results are obtained under the assumption that the investment rates of return and the fund payouts rates are known constants; however, formulas for relaxing these restrictions are also developed and the consequences are examined with Monte Carlo simulations.
BMI at different childhood age periods associated with cardiometabolic disorders in young adulthood
Authors: Qian Yi , Kong Yawei , Wan Naijun , Yan Yinkun
Published: August 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate when the association between childhood obesity and adult cardiometabolic disorders starts to be operative.

Methods

The study cohort included 811 participants who had data on blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, or alanine aminotransferase in adulthood and had at least one measurement of BMI in childhood.

Results

Childhood BMI z score was significantly associated with increased risks of ≥1 cardiometabolic disorders, ≥2 cardiometabolic disorders, and elevated blood pressure in adulthood for age groups of 6 to 9 years, 10 to 12 years, 13 to 15 years, and 16 to 18 years, after adjustment for covariates. For low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, significant associations were observed for age groups of 10 to 12 years, 13 to 15 years, and 16 to 18 years. For elevated triglyceride and elevated alanine aminotransferase, significant associations were observed for age groups of 13 to 15 years and 16 to 18 years. For insulin resistance, significant associations were observed for age groups of 10 to 12 years and 16 to 18 years. For elevated total cholesterol, elevated low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, or elevated fasting blood glucose, no association was observed in any age group.

Conclusions

The association between childhood BMI and adult cardiometabolic disorders begins to be operative from early life. These results support universal screening of childhood obesity starting at an early age.
Leadership Training Curriculum for Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Residents: A Scoping Review
Authors: Standiford Taylor C. , Eltawil Yasmin , Durr Megan L. , Pletcher Steven D. , Chang Jolie L.
Published: August 2023

Objective

Otolaryngologists take on various leadership roles throughout their daily practice, but specific training focused on leadership development during otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) residency is not well‐defined. This project explores the current state of leadership curricula for OHNS residents.

Data Sources

Google Scholar, Embase, PubMed, and MedEdPORTAL.

Review Methods

A scoping review was performed on English‐language, full‐text, peer‐reviewed articles that describe leadership curricula for OHNS residents. Investigators reviewed curriculum settings, content, delivery methods, and assessment; curriculum effectiveness was evaluated using Kirkpatrick effectiveness scores and article quality was assessed using the Best Evidence in Medical Education (BEME) index.

Conclusion

Three thousand four hundred sixteen articles met search criteria, 198 articles were included for full‐text review, and 4 articles met inclusion criteria. Curriculum content and delivery methods were diverse. Curriculum cadence ranged from 2‐day immersion trainings to year‐long longitudinal programs. Only one of the included studies utilized a needs assessment to inform curriculum development. Two articles achieved Kirkpatrick effectiveness scores of 2, indicating changes in the attitudes or perceptions among participants and a quality measure of 3, indicating clear conclusions drawn from the results.

Implications for Practice

The current state of leadership training in OHNS residency is limited and nonuniform. These data align with descriptions of leadership training in other surgical residencies which are reported as heterogenous and lacking in effectiveness. This review highlights the need for standardized leadership training for OHNS residents. The high‐quality leadership development initiatives within graduate medical education are reviewed to inform future directions for effective curriculum development and assessment.
Overexpression of BQ323636.1 contributes to anastrozole resistance in AR+ve/ER+ve breast cancer
Authors: Tsoi Ho , Lok Johann , Man Ellen PS , Cheng Cheuk‐Nam , Leung Man‐Hong , You Chan‐Ping , Chan Sum‐Yin , Chan Wing‐Lok , Khoo Ui‐Soon
Published: August 2023

Aromatase inhibitors (Ais) are used as adjuvant endocrine therapy for oestrogen receptor‐positive (ER+ve) post‐menopausal breast cancer patients. Ais, by inhibiting the enzyme aromatase, block the conversion of androgen to oestrogen, reducing oestrogen levels. Resistance to Ais limits their clinical utilisation. Here, we show that overexpression of BQ323636.1 (BQ), a novel splice variant of nuclear co‐repressor NCOR2, is associated with resistance to the non‐steroidal aromatase inhibitor anastrozole in ER+ve post‐menopausal breast cancer. Mechanistic study indicates that BQ overexpression enhances androgen receptor (AR) activity and in the presence of anastrozole, causes hyper‐activation of AR signalling, which unexpectedly enhanced cell proliferation, through increased expression of CDK2, CDK4, and CCNE1. BQ overexpression reverses the effect of anastrozole in ER+ve breast cancer in an AR‐dependent manner, whilst co‐treatment with the AR antagonist bicalutamide recovered its therapeutic effect both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, for BQ‐overexpressing breast cancer, targeting AR can combat anastrozole resistance. Clinical study of 268 primary breast cancer samples of ER+ve patients who had been treated with non‐steroidal Ais showed 32.5% (38/117) of cases with combined high nuclear expression of BQ and AR, which were found to be significantly associated with Ai resistance. Non‐steroidal Ai‐treated patients with high nuclear expression of both BQ and AR had poorer overall, disease‐specific, and disease‐free survival. These findings suggest the importance of assessing BQ and AR expression status in the primary ER+ve breast tumour prior to Ai treatment. This may save patients from inappropriate treatment and enable effective therapy to be given at an early stage. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Shear performance assessment of repaired honeycomb sandwich composite panels: An experimental and numerical study
Authors: Zhang Yidong , Sun Xinyang , Liao Feng , Qiao Yijun , Lei Guannan , Lu Huihu
Published: August 2023

This article presents an effective test method for evaluating the shear performance of repaired honeycomb sandwich panels consisting of glass fiber/epoxy matrix skin and Nomex honeycomb core. Addressing the insufficient research on the shear performance of honeycomb sandwich panels after repair in existing literature, this study conducted mechanical performance tests on the honeycomb sandwich panels before and after repair using the picture frame test method. Surface strain measurements are obtained using digital image correlation (DIC) techniques, and load–displacement and shear stress–strain curves are generated from the experimental results. The study concludes that the repair method utilized in this investigation is effective in restoring the mechanical properties of the sandwich panels. In addition, finite element models of the honeycomb sandwich panels before and after repair are established, and a comparative analysis is conducted between the experimental and simulation results. The study examines the shear modulus, ultimate load, and failure mode of the repaired and unrepaired specimens. The findings verify the feasibility of the picture frame test method for evaluating the shear performance of honeycomb sandwich panels. This study provides valuable insights into the design of shear performance repair for honeycomb sandwich panels and offers theoretical support for material recycling.
Dialysis with bipolar affective disorder: experience of competing treatments
Authors: Abbey Emma , Jenkins James
Published: August 2023

The interaction of several serious illnesses presents considerable difficulty for both clinicians and patients, no matter what the coexisting diseases are. This results in huge anxiety for patients and worsens the difficulties understanding the risks and benefits of the treatment of each disorder. The authors present the clinical scenario where dialysis was commenced while sodium valproate was being taken for bipolar affective disorder, demonstrating the interface between bipolar affective disorder and renal failure and how their treatments caused deterioration in the comorbid condition. This case challenges accepted wisdom regarding the effects of dialysis on the sodium valproate levels in the body and discusses key clinical management issues.
Molecular dynamics approach for the calculation of the surface loss probabilities of neutral species in argon–methane plasma
Authors: Otakandza‐Kandjani Glenn‐Christopher , Brault Pascal , Mikikian Maxime , Michau Armelle , Hassouni Khaled
Published: August 2023

Molecular dynamics simulations are carried out for calculating the surface loss probabilities of neutral species from an argon–methane plasma. These probabilities are the sum of the sticking and surface recombination probabilities. This study considers both the formation of reactive and nonreactive volatile species for evaluating recombination probabilities. Results show that stable species are reflected when hydrocarbon film starts growing on the surface. CH3 is mainly lost by surface recombination leading to the formation of volatile products while very little contributes to film growth. C2H has surface loss probability in agreement with the literature. While C2H loss is usually attributed to sticking on the surface, our results show that its main loss process is due to surface recombination.
A review of biocontrol agents in controlling late blight of potatoes and tomatoes caused by Phytophthora infestans and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Wang Weizhen , Long Youhua
Published: August 2023

Phytophthora infestans causes late blight on potatoes and tomatoes, which has a significant economic impact on agriculture. The management of late blight has been largely dependent on the application of synthetic fungicides, which is not an ultimate solution for sustainable agriculture and environmental safety. Biocontrol strategies are expected to be alternative methods to the conventional chemicals in controlling plant diseases in the integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Well‐studied biocontrol agents against Phytophthora infestans include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and compounds produced by these antagonists, in addition to certain bioactive metabolites produced by plants. Laboratory and glasshouse experiments suggest a potential for using biocontrol in practical late blight disease management. However, the transition of biocontrol to field applications is problematic for the moment, due to low and variable efficacies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary on these biocontrol strategies and the underlying corresponding mechanisms. To give a more intuitive understanding of the promising biocontrol agents against Phytophthora infestans in agricultural systems, we discuss the utilizations, modes of action and future potentials of these antagonists based on their taxonomic classifications. To achieve a goal of best possible results produced by biocontrol agents, it is suggested to work on field trials, strain modifications, formulations, regulations, and optimizations of application. Combined biocontrol agents having different modes of action or biological adaptation traits may be used to strengthen the biocontrol efficacy. More importantly, biological control agents should be applied in the coordination of other existing and forthcoming methods in the IPM programs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Understanding motives for international migration: A survey of Dutch retirement migrants in forty destinations
Authors: Spaan Juul , Henkens Kène , Kalmijn Matthijs
Published: August 2023

Prior studies have examined why people emigrate from their country of birth during retirement. By focusing on describing motives for international retirement migration, these studies overlook what inhibits or enables people to have particular motives to migrate. We collected data from a representative sample of Dutch nationals aged 66–90 who were born in the Netherlands and migrated after age 50. We distinguish seven—not mutually exclusive—migration motives: longing for tranquillity, the culture in the destination, to start a new life, a better climate, economic reasons, health reasons and dissatisfaction with the origin country. Using Ordinary Least Square regressions, we estimate how people's socioeconomic status, premigration health, premigration residential environment, cultural values and personality traits explain migration motives. We examine how motives relate to destination countries. The results show that there are various motives for which people migrate and that different types of motives are systematically related to the types of people who migrate. For example, people with a lower socioeconomic status are more likely to migrate for economic and dissatisfaction motives and less likely to migrate for tranquillity than people with a higher socioeconomic status. By distinguishing migration motives in 12 destinations, we broaden our understanding of out‐migration from high‐income countries.
Adaptive designs for IVPT data with mixed scaled average bioequivalence
Authors: Lim Daeyoung , Rantou Elena , Kim Jessica , Choi Sungwoo , Choi Nam Hee , Grosser Stella
Published: August 2023

In vitro permeation tests (IVPT) offer accurate and cost‐effective development pathways for locally acting drugs, such as topical dermatological products. For assessment of bioequivalence, the FDA draft guidance on generic acyclovir 5% cream introduces a new experimental design, namely the single‐dose, multiple‐replicate per treatment group design, as IVPT pivotal study design. We examine the statistical properties of its hypothesis testing method—namely the mixed scaled average bioequivalence (MSABE). Meanwhile, some adaptive design features in clinical trials can help researchers make a decision earlier with fewer subjects or boost power, saving resources, while controlling the impact on family‐wise error rate. Therefore, we incorporate MSABE in an adaptive design combining the group sequential design and sample size re‐estimation. Simulation studies are conducted to study the passing rates of the proposed methods—both within and outside the average bioequivalence limits. We further consider modifications to the adaptive designs applied for IVPT BE trials, such as Bonferroni's adjustment and conditional power function. Finally, a case study with real data demonstrates the advantages of such adaptive methods.
Soil chemical properties 12 years after termination of cattle manure and swine effluent applications
Authors: Schlegel Alan J. , Holman Johnathon D. , Obour Augustine K. , Haag Lucas , Bond H. Dewayne , Assefa Yared
Published: August 2023

For how long the nutrient supply from long‐term application of manure and swine effluent will last to sustain crop production after applications had ceased is a research gap. We quantified the change in soil chemical properties 12 years after cattle manure and swine effluent applications had ceased. Data were collected in 2008 (termination of applications) and 2020 on a long‐term animal waste study at the Kansas State University, Southwest Research‐Extension Center near Tribune, KS. Treatments were three levels of cattle manure and swine effluent (phosphorus, P; nitrogen, N; and 2N) and an untreated control. Soil profile NO3‐N declined 78%–95%, 70%–82%, and 58% from the initial amount in 2008 compared to the amount remaining in 2020 in the swine effluent, cattle manure, and an untreated check, respectively. Profile NO3‐N levels were greatly elevated by the P‐based swine effluent treatment and the 2N rate of both cattle manure and swine effluent and remained high (>250 kg ha−1) after 12 years. Total nitrogen in the surface soil decreased by 11%–27% for cattle manure treatments with little change in the swine effluent and check treatments. Total carbon concentration in the surface soil decreased from 22% to 31% for cattle manure treatments and from 7% to 14% for swine effluent and check treatments. Mehlich‐3 P decreased significantly for the cattle manure treatments (41%–53%) but still remained very high (>100 mg kg−1). Soil test P levels in the swine treatments were similar to the check treatment. Application of cattle manure and swine effluent has lasting effects on many soil chemical properties long after ceasing applications.
Facile Synthesis of Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) in a Tetrabutylammonium Bromide/Ethylene Glycol Based Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Shin Jung‐Ah , Jung Jihye , Moon Youngtaek , Lee Sejin
Published: August 2023

Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an energetic material used in composite solid rocket propellants. Herein, a novel synthetic method for GAP was introduced using a tetrabutylammonium bromide and ethylene glycol‐based deep eutectic solvent (DES). Using this DES combination, the azidation of poly(epichlorohydrin) was successfully conducted within several hours. This strategy eliminates the use of organic solvents during the entire synthetic process and provides the advantage of recovery and reuse of the DES.
A Novel Red Fluorescent Probe for the “Off‐On‐Off” Detection of Al3+ and F− in Samples of Drinking Water and Toothpaste
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Haibin , Yao Yelin , Deng Linlong , Hu Hao , Xue Lei
Published: August 2023

A novel fluorescent sensor based on coumarin was developed for the sequential detection of Al3+ and F− ions in ethanol, exhibiting a large Stokes shift of 190 nm. The probe displayed “off‐on‐off” responses towards Al3+ and F− at the red region of 630 nm, with detection limits of 2.48×10−8 M and 2.34×10−8 M, respectively. The binding mechanism between the probe and Al3+ was elucidated using Job‘s plot, 1H NMR, optical titrations, and ESI‐MS. Additionally, the probe demonstrated an AIE property in DMSO/H2O solutions. Its successful application in measuring Al3+ and F− in water samples was observed. Moreover, with the convenience of “naked eye” detection, the probe could be effectively utilized for identifying F− in toothpastes.
A novel ZnO/3A catalyst with coking resistance for acetylene acetoxylation
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhang Peng , Zhu Mingyuan
Published: August 2023

A novel ZnO/3A (3A molecular sieve) catalyst was prepared by using a direct hydrolysis method and applied for acetylene acetoxylation. After optimizing the loading of Zn, we compared the catalytic performance of ZnO/3A and ZnO/AC (activated carbon), and found that catalytic performance of ZnO/3A was lower than ZnO/AC due to its weaker acetylene adsorption. ZnO/3A exhibited excellent thermal stability, which is useful for its coke resistence by removing the carbon deposition. By characterizing the fresh, deactivated and regenerated ZnO/3A catalysts, it was found that the active zinc component loss was the main cause of its deactivation, while carbon deposition did not affect catalytic performance of ZnO/3A catalyst.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for the Photo‐Fenton oxidation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Magomedova Asiyat , Isaev Abdulgalim , Orudzhev Farid , Alikhanov Nariman , Emirov Ruslan , Rabadanov Murtazali , Mingshan Zhu
Published: August 2023

Magnetite (Fe3O4) is one of the widely used materials as a catalyst in the photo‐Fenton process for the oxidation of dyes. We report about the electrochemical synthesis of the superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The structure, morphology, chemical composition, and chemical state of the catalyst were characterized. The synthesized samples of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Raman shift spectroscopy, and vibrating magnetometer (VSM). The diffraction peaks and Raman shift spectra confirm the formation of Fe3O4. Superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were used as a catalyst for the oxidation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in a photo‐Fenton‐like process. The effect of operating parameters, including H2O2 concentration, catalyst concentration, and RhB concentration, on the RhB decomposition efficiency was investigated. The rate of color removal was 85 % after 12 minutes at RhB concentration of 2 mg/L, H2O2 concentration of 0.18 mM, and Fe3O4 concentration of 0.2 g/L. In addition, electrochemically synthesized superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed that the catalyst activity decreased by only 7 % during recycling experiments, indicating long‐term stability of the sample.
Synthesis of Macrocyclic Musk‐Like Compounds through Ring‐Expansion Metathesis and Tebbe Olefination as Key Steps
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Agrawal Arpit
Published: August 2023

Herein, we report the 16‐ and 19‐membered macrocycles which are closely resembles structurally musk like compounds such as “muscone”. These macrocycles were prepared starting from 12‐membered cyclododecanone and 15‐membered cyclopentadecanone ring systems respectively. Like muscone, these compounds have a methyl and keto groups embedded within the macrocyclic ring system. The key reactions include, ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) and Tebbe olefination which are highly efficient and easy to perform. This strategy is very useful in the formation of macrocyclic systems.
Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis Approach to Fused [5/5/6/5/5] and [6/5/5/5/5/6] Carbocyclic Derivatives.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Chaurasia Usha Nandan , Jena Kunkumita
Published: August 2023

Here, we have developed a simple synthetic approach towards synthesis of [5/6/5] and [5/5/5] fused carbocyclic frameworks from bis‐adducts of norbornadiene and cyclohexadiene derivatives with 1,2,3,4‐tetrachloro‐5,5‐dimethoxycyclopentadiene by employing atom‐economic ring‐rearrangement metathesis as a key step and these ring systems are core units in natural products. Here, we have designed highly congested polycyclic frameworks and introduced molecular complexity in a minimum number of steps. These targets contain up to seven stereo centres. Hence, this strategy can be used to design many different drug‐like molecules valuable in medicinal chemistry.
Reliability performance in tension governed reinforced concrete reservoirs as a function of target crack width
Authors: Way Andrew C. , Viljoen Celeste
Published: August 2023

The limit state that typically governs the design of circular reinforced concrete water retaining structures is the limitation of leakage through cracks. Current design codes prescribe target crack widths in the range of 0.05–0.2 mm, depending on the design situation, to limit leakage to acceptable levels. Fairly high model uncertainty exists in the prediction of load‐induced crack widths and the beneficial effect of autogenous self‐sealing has not effectively been quantified, so that the achieved levels of reliability using current codified procedures are unknown. This research uses a reliability analysis previously developed by the authors to assess the level of SLS reliability achieved in tension‐governed reinforced concrete reservoirs covering much of the scope of practice. The SLS reliability performance is evaluated using a limit state of allowable versus predicted leakage, including a probabilistic quantification of the effect of autogenous self‐sealing, and the uncertainty present in the prediction of load‐induced crack widths. Many permutations of practical reservoir geometries are considered for four combinations of stabilization period and water tightness test time (leakage regimes) typically used in water tightness tests. The target crack width recommendations of EN 1992‐3 and Model Code 2010 are evaluated across the range of geometries and leakage regimes. The commonly used target crack width of , recommended by Model Code 2010 and many other codes, was found to be inadequate to achieve a target SLS reliability index of . The values from EN 1992‐3 showed better performance but were found to result in reliability indices frequently in excess of , indicating that the values are perhaps too stringent. Results confirm that smaller target crack widths and longer water tightness test times increase the achieved reliability. However, even for a given target crack width and leakage regime, a substantial range of achieved reliabilities is observed depending on reservoir configuration. This shows that design to meet current target crack widths is not effective at meeting target reliability across the range of practical application. A suggestion is made to refine reservoir specific crack width targets to achieve target reliability more consistently.
Understanding Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction from the Planning Perspective
Authors: Li Dongchen , Hu Jinglu
Published: August 2023

Pedestrians are essential component in traffic, and with the advent of intelligent transportation systems, conflicts over right‐of‐way between pedestrians and other traffic participants have become prevalent. Predicting pedestrian intentions and motions is crucial for autonomous driving and intelligent transportation. However, pedestrian prediction faces challenges such as the variability of pedestrian intentions and the flexibility of their motions, as well as the need for highly generalization capability and lightweight modeling on autonomous vehicles with limited computing power. To face these challenge, this paper proposes a Social Artificial Potential Field (Social‐APF) method for pedestrian trajectory prediction. The method combines target intention feature and surrounding obstacles features. We test the performance of Social‐APF on several public datasets. The results demonstrate that the Social‐APF method outperforms state‐of‐the‐art approaches on the public datasets in both lightweight and model accuracy. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Restricted maternal nutrition and supplementation of propylene glycol, monensin sodium and rumen‐protected choline chloride during late pregnancy does not affect muscle fibre characteristics of offspring
Authors: Ahmadzadeh‐Gavahan Leila , Hosseinkhani Ali , Hamidian Gholamreza , Jarolmasjed Seyedhosein , Yousefi‐Tabrizi Reza
Published: August 2023

Background

Grazing in arid and semi‐arid regions faces pregnant ewes with feed restrictions and hence affects the offspring muscle fibre characteristics. Using feed additives that enhance nutrient availability during foetal muscle development is expected to alter offspring skeletal muscle characteristics.

Objectives

This study evaluated the effect of maternal restricted nutrition and supplementation of propylene glycol, monensin sodium and rumen‐protected choline chloride on lamb's muscle fibre characteristics.

Methods

Forty‐eight Ghezel ewes were randomly allocated to one of six diets (N = 8) during the last 6 weeks of gestation: ad libitum feed intake (AL); restricted feeding (RF); restricted feeding containing propylene glycol (PG); restricted feeding containing propylene glycol and monensin sodium (MS); restricted feeding containing propylene glycol and rumen‐protected choline chloride (RPC); restricted feeding containing propylene glycol, monensin sodium and rumen‐protected choline chloride (PMC). The muscle samples were obtained from the semitendinosus muscle of 2‐week‐old male lambs (n = 5/treatment) via biopsy and were stained and classified as fibre types I, IIA and IIB.

Results

Pre‐parturient maternal feed restriction and administration of propylene glycol, monensin sodium and rumen‐protected choline chloride had no significant effect on fibre‐type composition, fibre density of muscle, muscle cross‐sectional area and volume density of fibres (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

Either maternal dietary restriction or supplementation of nutrient flux–involved additives during late pregnancy did not alter muscle fibre development and had no short‐term effects on muscle properties of the resulting offspring as myogenesis occurs in early and mid‐gestation, not late gestation. Therefore, maternal nutrition may not be a problematic issue in sheep production in arid and semi‐arid areas.
In situstudies on the industrial production process for molybdenum dioxide, MoO2
Authors: Keilholz Simon , Uhlenhut Henning , Gabke Andrea , García‐Schollenbruch Marlený , Kohlmann Holger
Published: August 2023

In the industrial production of molybdenum the reduction of molybdenum trioxide with hydrogen is a two‐step process. In order to get a deeper understanding of the chemistry involved,in situstudies were performed on the thermal behavior of molybdenum trioxide and the first reduction step to molybdenum dioxide. MoO3shows a very strong anisotropy for thermal expansion (linear expansion coefficientsαin 10−4 K−1: 1.32(4) fora, 5.5(1) forb, −0.246(5) forc). Upon heating in air, preferred orientation in XRPD patterns decreases and the color changes from grey to yellow, probably caused by decreasing oxygen vacancy concentration. The reduction of MoO3by hydrogen was investigated viain situX‐ray powder diffraction for varying heating rate, hydrogen flow and potassium content. The formation of the intermediateγ‐Mo4O11shows a higher rate for increasing potassium content; it does not play a role whether potassium is present in the starting material MoO3or in MoO2formed in the reaction. The high‐temperature modification of K2MoO4was found to crystallize in the α‐K2SO4type (P63/mmc,a=6.3463(2) Å,c= 8.1331(2) Å). Heating up MoO3in vacuum (1 Pa) with the sameT,tprotocol as above yields MoO2even without the presence of hydrogen.
An influence of radiation and magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybrid nanofluid past a stretching/shrinking sheet with mass transpiration
Authors: Maranna Thippaiah , Mahabaleshwar Ulavathi Shetter , Ravichandra Nayakar Sunnapagutta Narasimhappa , Sarris Ioannis , Souayeh Basma
Published: August 2023

This research focuses on energy convention and mass transpiration in magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3–Cu) flows driven by a moving surface, which build numerous applications such as inducing hypothermia in cancer tumors, reducing bleeding in severe injuries, and performing magnetic resonance imaging are only a few medical applications applying magnetohydrodynamics A similarity transformation describes the representational construction of the steady two‐dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Above equations subject to corresponding boundary conditions are analytically solved. Specifically, the energy equation with radiation effect is solved analytically using incomplete Gamma function. Moreover, the graphs included physical representations of the measurement can be found in this paper. In summary, our findings demonstrate that mass‐transfer induced slip has a non‐negligible impact on flows driven by a moving sheet. Mass transfer induced slip may even be able to dominate the flow driven effect of the moving sheet by changing the flow directions to flow against the sheet motion and also thermal radiation parameter increases as thermal boundary layer increases.
Gravitational form factors of a kink in 1 + 1 dimensional ϕ4 model
Authors: Ito Hiroaki , Kitazawa Masakiyo
Published: August 2023

Abstract

We calculate the one-loop correction to the distribution of energy-momentum tensor around a kink in 1 + 1 dimensional ϕ4 model. We employ the collective coordinate method to eliminate the zero mode that gives rise to infrared divergence. The ultraviolet divergences are removed by vacuum subtraction and mass renormalization. We obtain an analytic result that is finite and satisfies the momentum conservation. The total energy of the kink obtained from the spatial integral of energy density reproduces the known result. Our result obtained on a finite space has a spatially-uniform term that is inversely proportional to the spatial length.
Threshold resummation for computing large-x parton distribution through large-momentum effective theory
Authors: Ji Xiangdong , Liu Yizhuang , Su Yushan
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Parton distribution functions (PDFs) at large x are poorly constrained by high-energy experimental data, but extremely important for probing physics beyond standard model at colliders. We study the calculation of PDFs at large-x through large-momentum Pz expansion of the lattice quasi PDFs. Similar to deep-inelastic scattering, there are two distinct perturbative scales in the threshold limit where the matching coefficient can be factorized into a space-like jet function at scale Pz|1 − y| and a pair of heavy-light Sudakov form factors at scale Pz. The matching formula allows us to derive a full renormalization group resummation of large threshold logarithms, and the result is consistent with the known calculation to the next-to-next to leading order (NNLO). This paves the way for direct large-x PDFs calculations in lattice QCD. As by-products, we find that the space-like jet function is related to a time-like version calculated previously through analytic continuation, and the heavy-light Sudakov form factor, calculated here to NNLO, is a universal object appearing as well in the large momentum expansion of quasi transverse-momentum-dependent PDFs and quasi wave-function amplitudes.
The influence of feed rate during pilot hole drilling on screw withdrawal resistance in particleboard
Authors: Sydor Maciej , Potok Zbigniew , Pędzik Marta , Hitka Miloš , Rogoziński Tomasz
Published: August 2023

Screw withdrawal resistance (SWR) is a metric that assesses the strength of furniture joints made with wood screws. The SWR value is influenced by several factors, such as the size of the screw, the depth to which it is embedded, the diameter of the pilot hole, and the material properties of the furniture components that are being joined together. These factors have been widely studied in the scientific literature. The objective of the research was to investigate the previously unexplored factor of a feed rate during pilot hole drilling and its influence on SWR. This study used three particleboards composed of raw pine material and urea–formaldehyde resins; the boards varied in average density (633, 637, and 714 kg/m3). Blind pilot holes with a diameter of 5 mm and depth of 25 mm were drilled in these boards using three significantly different feed rates (0.033, 0.33, and 3.33 mm/rev.). Subsequently, a confirmat-type furniture screw (7 mm major diameter, 4 mm minor diameter, 3 mm pitch) was screwed into these pilot holes. The ultimate SWR was measured with a universal testing machine. The results showed that the highest feed rate significantly decreases the SWR for all particleboards tested. This phenomenon can be attributed to the fact that a higher feed rate leads to a decreased precision in the internal surface of the pilot hole, consequently diminishing the screw’s anchoring capacity within the hole. The high feed rate, used to increase production efficiency, may significantly reduce furniture durability and usability.
Characterization of cold metal transfer and conventional short-circuit gas metal arc welding processes for depositing tungsten carbide-reinforced metal matrix composite overlays
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Reza , Wang Sheng-Hui , Jelovica Jasmin
Published: August 2023

This paper compares the processing characteristics of advanced CMT (cold metal transfer) and conventional GMAW-S (gas metal arc welding with short-circuit metal transfer) processes for depositing Ni-WC MMC (nickel-based metal matrix composites reinforced with WC) overlays. In contrast to common expectations, advanced CMT technology with mechanically assisted droplet transfer could not demonstrate significant advantages over the GMAW-S process; on the contrary, CMT exhibits marginal disadvantages in terms of carbide transfer efficiency, volume fraction of retained WC, and deposition rate. Some carbides originally contained in the core of the feed wire are blown away and expelled out of the processing zone leading to physical losses of WC particles during the deposition processes, which is more significant for the CMT process owing to much higher waveform cycle frequency and cyclic feed wire retractions. CMT exhibits superior waveform stability, better control over penetration depth, marginally lower dilution level, and exceptional arc stability. The main parameters affecting carbide transfer efficiency and volume fraction of retained WC are wire feed speed and travel speed for both processes; increased wire feed speed and travel speed generally lead to decreased carbide transfer efficiency and reduced volume fraction of retained WC. Shielding gas may have different effects on the outcomes for the CMT and GMAW-S processes. CMT overlays show comparatively higher W and lower Fe concentration in the matrix, while GMAW-S overlays show a higher concentration of Fe in the matrix (due to elevated dilution level) with marginally higher matrix microhardness and more herringbone-like secondary carbide precipitates.
The weakening of the tropical circulation is caused by the lifting of the tropopause height
Authors: Fan Chen-Shuo , Dommenget Dietmar
Published: August 2023

In this study we analyse the physical processes causing the weakening of the tropical circulation in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6). We apply a diagnostic model for the large-scale tropical circulation (vertical motion) based on the moist static energy for the first baroclinic mode (MSEB) and evaluate the sensitivity of the tropical circulation changes to the changes in advection of moisture and heat, the net radiation, the moist static stability, the baroclinic mode, and to the height of the tropopause. Based on the CMIP6 model simulations we find that the tropical circulation weakens by about 10-15% over the twenty-first century. The analysis of the MSEB model suggests that the primary cause for this weakening of the tropical circulation is the lifting of the tropopause height. This effect is fairly uniform throughout the tropics and present in all model simulations. The tropopause height increase shifts the first baroclinic mode away from lower levels with unstable air masses into high levels of the troposphere where stable air masses lead to a stabilisation of the large-scale circulation. Other factors such as changes in the advection of moisture and heat, increased net heating or increased instability of the lower tropospheric gross moist stability do have strong regional differences, and mostly increase tropical circulations, counteracting the weakening caused by the lifting of the tropopause.
Jumping to conclusions bias, psychosis and impulsivity in early stages of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Pachi Ioanna , Papadopoulos Vassilis , Xenaki Lida Alkisti , Koros Christos , Simitsi Athina Maria , Bougea Anastasia , Bozi Maria , Papagiannakis Nikos , Soldatos Rigas Filippos , Kolovou Dimitra , Pantes George , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Paraskevas Georgios , Voumvourakis Konstantinos , Potagas Constantin , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Kollias Konstantinos , Stefanis Nikos , Stefanis Leonidas
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The aim was to explore the correlations between Jumping to Conclusions (JtC) tendency and neuropsychiatric features in patients with early Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Background

According to few reports, PD patients with impulsive–compulsive behaviors (ICBs) are prone to working memory difficulties including JtC bias. The correlation of psychotic features and JtC tendency remains still unclear.

Methods

Healthy controls and patients within 3 years of PD onset were recruited. Participants were examined for psychotic symptoms using a 10 question PD-specific psychosis severity scale. JtC was measured by a probalistic reasoning scenario (beads task). In PD group, medication use, motor and non-motor symptoms were documented. Impulsivity was evaluated using the Questionnaire for Impulsive–Compulsive Disorders in PD (QUIP).

Results

The prevalence of JtC bias was 9% (6/70) in healthy individuals, compared to 32% (22/68) of PD group [p = 0.001]. No association was detected between the presence of JtC tendency and PD-associated psychosis (p = 0.216). Patients with JtC had shorter duration of PD, more tremor-dominant PD subtype and higher QUIP scores, regardless of the dopaminergic therapy (p = 0.043, p = 0.015, p = 0.007, respectively). A trend towards attention and inhibition control deficit was noticed in JtC patients.

Conclusions

We found a high prevalence of JtC bias in early, cognitively intact PD population and a potential link between subthreshold ICBs and poor performance on beads task. Additional studies are needed to confirm our results and elaborate on the mechanisms that correlate impulsivity with JtC tendency, which are likely to be different from those mediating psychotic features in early PD.
Facial trustworthiness dampens own-gender bias in emotion recognition
Authors: Bagnis Arianna , Colonnello Valentina , Russo Paolo Maria , Mattarozzi Katia
Published: August 2023

Previous research suggests that emotion recognition is influenced by social categories derived by invariant facial features such as gender and inferences of trustworthiness from facial appearance. The current study sought to replicate and extend these findings by examining the intersection of these social categories on recognition of emotional facial expressions. We used a dynamic emotion recognition task to assess accuracy and response times in the happiness and anger categorization displayed by female and male faces that differed in the degree of facial trustworthiness (i.e., trustworthy- vs. untrustworthy-looking faces). We found that facial trustworthiness was able to modulate the own-gender bias on emotion recognition, as responses to untrustworthy-looking faces revealed a bias towards ingroup members. Conversely, when faces look trustworthy, no differences on emotion recognition between female and male faces were found. In addition, positive inferences of trustworthiness lead to faster recognition of happiness in females and anger in males, showing that facial appearance was able to influence also the intersection between social categories and specific emotional expressions. Together, these results suggest that facial appearance, probably due to the activation of approach or avoidance motivational systems, is able to modulate the own-gender bias on emotion recognition.
Cavity-based lymphomas: challenges and novel concepts. A report of the 2022 EA4HP/SH lymphoma workshop
Authors: Di Napoli Arianna , Soma Lori , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia , de Leval Laurence , Leoncini Lorenzo , Zamò Alberto , Ng Siok-Bian , Ondrejka Sarah L. , Climent Fina , Wotherspoon Andrew , Dirnhofer Stefan
Published: August 2023

The 2022 European Association for Haematopathology/Society for Hematopathology lymphoma workshop session on cavity-based lymphomas included sixty-eight cases in seven sections. The disease entities discussed include primary effusion lymphomas (PEL), extracavitary primary effusion lymphomas and confounding entities (ECPEL), HHV8-negative B-lineage lymphomas-effusion based (EBV-negative, EBV-positive, and plasmablastic types), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with chronic inflammation, fibrin-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (FA-DLBCL), breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), and other lymphomas presenting as an effusion. All entities above are discussed; however, three are delved into greater detail given the challenges with classification: ECPEL, HHV8-negative effusion-based lymphomas, and FA-DLBCL. Cases exemplifying the diagnostic difficulty in differentiating ECPEL from HHV8-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and germinotropic lymphoproliferative disorder were discussed. The more recently recognized effusion-based HHV8-negative large B-cell lymphoma is explored, with several cases submitted raising the question if this subset should be carved out as a specific entity, and if so, what should be the refining diagnostic criteria. Case submissions to the FA-DLBCL section yielded one of the largest case series to date, including classic cases, cases furthering the discussion on disease sites and prognosis, as well as novel concepts to be considered in this entity. The 2022 EA4HP/SH workshop cases allowed for further confirmation of the characteristics of some of the more historically accepted cavity-based lymphomas, as well as further inquiry and debate on relatively new or evolving entities.
Hospital admissions associated with dehydration in childhood kidney transplantation
Authors: Le Page Amelia K. , Johnstone Lilian M. , Kausman Joshua Y.
Published: August 2023

Background

Paediatric kidney transplant recipients may be at a particular risk of dehydration due to poor kidney concentrating capacity and illness associated with poor fluid intake or losses. In this population, creatinine rise may be more likely with relatively mild dehydration, which may trigger hospital admission. This study describes hospital admissions in the first 12 months after transplantation with diagnosis of graft dysfunction associated with dehydration due to illness or poor fluid intake. We assess risk factors for these admissions.

Methods

Data was extracted from medical records of patients transplanted in two tertiary children hospitals. Following descriptive analysis, multiple failure regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with admission for acute kidney allograft dysfunction associated with dehydration.

Results

Of 92 children, 42% had at least 1 dehydration admission in the 12 months following transplantation. Almost half of the dehydration admissions were due to poor fluid intake, which accounted for 1/5 of all unplanned hospital admissions. Target fluid intake at first discharge of > 100 ml/kg/day was associated with dehydration admissions of all types (hazard ratio (HR) 2.04 (95% CI 1.13–3.68)). Teen age was associated with poor fluid intake dehydration admissions (HR 4.87 (95% CI 1.19–19.86)), which were more frequent in mid-summer. Use of enteric feeding tube, which correlated with age under 4, associated with contributing illness dehydration admissions (HR 2.18 (95% CI 1.08–4.41)).

Conclusions

Dehydration admissions in the 12 months following childhood kidney transplantation are common. Highlighted admission risk factors should prompt further study into optimal fluid intake prescription and hydration advice given to children, teenagers, and their carers following kidney transplantation. Use of an enteric feeding tube may not protect patients from admission with dehydration associated with contributing illness.

Graphical abstract