bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of genes contributing to cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Xie Mingzhong , Dai Haoping , Gu Qingwen , Xiao Changming , Wang Haozhong , Lei Yang , Wu Chunxiao , Li Xuening , Lin Birong , Li Sen
Published: November 2022

Osteosarcomas are prevalent in children and young adults and have a high recurrence rate. Cisplatin, doxorubicin, and methotrexate are common adjuvant chemotherapy drugs for treatment of osteosarcoma, but multidrug resistance is a growing problem. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in osteosarcoma cells is crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches and ultimately improving the prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. To identify genes associated with cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma, we screened a large‐scale mutant library generated by transfecting human osteosarcoma cells with a piggyBac (PB) transposon‐based gene activation vector. Several candidate genes were identified by using Splinkerette‐PCR paired with Next Generation Sequencing. We created a disease‐free survival predictor model, which includes ZNF720, REEP3, CNNM2, and CGREF1, using TARGET (Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments) datasets. Additionally, the results of our enrichment analysis between the Four_genes_high group and Low_group suggested that these four genes may participate in cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma through cross talk between various signaling pathways, especially the signaling pathway related to bone formation. These data may help guide future studies into chemotherapy for osteosarcoma.
Intensity, intent, and ambiguity: Appraisals of workplace ostracism and coping responses
Authors: Meral Erdem O. , Vranjes Ivana , van Osch Yvette , Ren Dongning , van Dijk Eric , van Beest Ilja
Published: November 2022

Using both correlational and experimental designs across four studies (N = 1251 working individuals), the current project aimed to contribute to the understanding of workplace ostracism by studying two research questions. First, we tested whether the subjective experience of targets reflects the current theorizing of ostracism. Second, drawing from the transactional theory of stress and coping, we investigated whether this subjective experience impacts targets' coping responses. Findings based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the current theorizing of workplace ostracism such that perceived intensity, intent, and ambiguity were reflected in how targets appraised being ostracized at work. The appraisals were also related to coping responses. Perceived intensity predicted more approach‐oriented (e.g., confrontation) and less avoidance‐oriented coping responses (e.g., minimization). While attributions of intent also predicted some coping responses (e.g., instrumental support seeking), the explanatory power of perceived ambiguity was lower than the other two appraisals. Although these researcher‐defined dimensions may be reflective of targets' experience, we propose that predictions made based on these dimensions need further refinement. The theoretical and practical significance of these findings are discussed in relation to how workplace ostracism is typically studied in the literature.
Discrete time partial‐state feedback model reference disturbance rejection control
Authors: Sang Yingli , Zhang Zhengqiang
Published: November 2022

This article develops a disturbance rejection control strategy using partial‐state feedback model reference adaptive control for discrete‐time uncertain systems with unknown input disturbances. Adaptive control schemes are proposed for constant disturbances, sinusoidal disturbances, and generic bounded disturbances. The partial‐state feedback control is designed based on measurable signals and the parameterization method to counteract the effect of disturbances. The plant‐model output matching condition is established. The developed control law is more flexible for applications and has a more concise structure than output feedback control. Additionally, closed‐loop stability and asymptotic output tracking are derived. The effectiveness and the feasibility of partial‐state feedback disturbance rejection control are verified by simulation results.
Impermeable Atomic Layer Deposition for Sputtering Buffer Layer in Efficient Semi‐Transparent and Tandem Solar Cells via Activating Unreactive Substrate
Authors: Yu Bohao , Tang Fei , Yang Yuzhao , Huang Jincheng , Wu Shaohang , Lu Feiping , Duan Weiyuan , Lambertz Andreas , Ding Kaining , Mai Yaohua
Published: November 2022

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) turns out to be particularly attractive technology for the sputtering buffer layer when preparing the semi‐transparent (ST) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and the tandem solar cells. ALD process turns to be island growth when the substrate is unreactive with the ALD reactants, resulting in the pin‐hole layer, which causes an adverse effect on anti‐sputtering. Here, p–i–n structured PSCs with ALD SnOx as sputtering buffer layer are conducted. The commonly used electron transportation layer (ETL) PCBM in the p–i–n structured PVK solar cell is an unreactive substrate that prevents the layer‐by‐layer growth for the ALD SnOx. PCBM layer is activated by introducing reaction sites to form impermeable ALD layers. By introducing reaction sites/ALD SnOx as sputtering buffer layer, the authors succeed to fabricate ST‐PSCs and perovskite/silicon (double‐side polished) tandem solar cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.25% and 23.31%, respectively. Besides, the unencapsulated device with reaction sites maintains more than 99% of the initial PCE after aging over 5100 h. This work opens a promising avenue to prepare impermeable layer for stable PSCs, ST‐PSCs, tandem solar cells, and the related scale‐up solar cells.
Tailored NIR‐II Lanthanide Luminescent Nanocrystals for Improved Biomedical Application
Authors: Zhao Mengyao , Sik Attila , Zhang Hongxin , Zhang Fan
Published: November 2022

Recently, in vivo optical imaging in the second‐near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) that allows high spatiotemporal resolution and imaging depth due to reduced photon scattering and weak auto‐fluorescence has drawn more and more attention. Among various NIR‐II optical probes, lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles show several great advantages including abundant energy levels transitions for multi‐emissions, ultra‐stable emissions for long‐term detection, and long luminescence lifetime for background‐free imaging. These merits have inspired researchers to make great efforts to develop superior lanthanide‐doped nanoparticles for in vivo bio‐imaging and bio‐sensing. In this review, NIR‐II luminescent emissions and absorption spectra of several lanthanide ions are outlined, and the recent advances in designing NIR‐II lanthanide‐doped nanocrystals with optimized quantum yields are summarized. Then their significant concerns for in vivo imaging and sensing including assembly and disassembly, clearance, and responsiveness of lanthanide‐based nanoparticles are discussed. Major challenges and future opportunities in the NIR‐II bio‐imaging using lanthanide nanocrystals are finally proposed to direct new solutions and interdisciplinary research.
Multimaterial Glass Fiber Probe for Deep Neural Stimulation and Detection
Authors: Dai Yi , Du Minghui , Huang Lu , Zheng Jiajun , Wei Lei , Qiu Jianrong , Ren Chaoran , Zhou Shifeng
Published: November 2022

The ability for simultaneous modulation and monitoring of neural activities in deep tissues and at the single‐cell level merits significant scientific and technological potential, yet is met with limited success using conventional probes. Here, a new type of tiny multimaterial glass fiber probe is proposed and successfully constructed with the combination of robust mechanical response, strong light‐delivering ability, and excellent electrochemical properties, based on high throughput and scalable co‐drawing strategy. Guided by the multimaterial integration principle, the configuration of the probes can be rationally tuned including their material combination, physical size, the number and spatial distribution of the electrode, and even the waveguide structure. The bending stiffness, optical loss, and electrical impedance can be controlled to be larger than 4900 N m−1 and as small as 0.01306 dB cm−1 and 19.63 MΩ µm2 at 1 kHz, respectively. To prove the utility, it is demonstrated that the probes allow for simultaneous deep neural stimulation and detection for more than 2 weeks at a single cellular level. This work not only promotes the development of neuroscience and brain science through the ability to manipulate neural circuits in the deep brain but also provides new directions for expanding the scope of functional fibers.
Updates to the MANAGE database to facilitate regional analyses of nutrient runoff
Authors: Harmel R. Daren , Kleinman Peter , Hopkins Austin P. , Millhouser Paul , Ippolito Jim A. , Sahoo Debabrata
Published: November 2022

The first compilation of nutrient export coefficients for specific land uses in the United States was completed in 1980. Building off that effort, the “Measured Annual Nutrient loads from AGricultural Environments” (MANAGE) database was developed in 2006 to summarize annual field‐scale nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) runoff data from agricultural land uses. It also presents descriptive data such as land use, tillage, conservation practices, soil type, soil test P, slope, and fertilizer formulation, rate, and application method, along with runoff, precipitation, and soil erosion. Here, we update MANAGE to facilitate regional analyses, adding 27 studies and Level II ecoregion delineations for each of the 94 studies such that data are now available from 11 of the 50 North American Level II ecoregions, representing the major U.S. agricultural regions. This contemporary data repository is freely available from USDA Ag Data Commons to support scientific analyses, model evaluations, and management and policy decisions.
Species identification in fish meal from urban fisheries biomass with DNA metabarcoding analysis
Authors: Ido Atsushi , Miura Takeshi
Published: November 2022

As demand for ingredients for fish feed has increased, fish meal and fish oil converted from fisheries by‐products have gained importance as ingredients to replace forage fish. It has been demonstrated that high quality fish oil and fish meal made from urban fisheries biomass, which is fisheries by‐products collected downstream in the seafood supply chain, could be produced. However, a problem with this is that traceability is not ensured due to the wide variety of fish used. Here, a DNA metabarcoding method for monitoring biodiversity was applied to fish meal from the fisheries biomass produced in Japan. This method was shown to be able to detect fish species present at more than 0.001% by weight, and quantitatively detect more than 0.01% by weight; we successfully detected 81–122 species in amplicon sequence variants obtained from fish meals collected throughout a 1‐year period. Bray–Curtis similarity classified the samples into two clusters: one in spring to autumn and one in winter, indicating a considerable influence of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) on the fish constituting the fisheries biomass. Among the detected fish species present at more than 0.01% in fish meal, southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) and Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) might be of concern for their stock and illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishery risks. However, from the food recycling perspective, fish oil and fish meal from the fisheries biomass should be utilized, as long as these fish comprised in the biomass are not caught for feed purposes.
Who buys regional fresh milk brands? An analysis of German household data
Authors: Knuck Janina , Hess Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Farmstead dairies produce, process, and market their milk locally under their own brands. Farmstead dairy brands (FDB) are thus competing against private labels and manufacturer brands, whose milk often comes from different areas and which are sold nationwide. Even though FDB cannot benefit from industrial economies of scale, they represent a small but successful and growing segment where demand has been rising for years, even though the demand for milk in general has been rather stagnant. Based on data from a German household panel it is evident that marketing of FDB milk through retail stores meets the trend for regional products and some consumers are increasingly willing to pay for local and regionally produced food. The results of a zero‐inflated negative binomial model revealed that middle‐aged, high income, and organic buying behaviors significantly influenced the purchase frequency of FDB milk in food retail. [EconLit Citations: Q130, D120, C23].
Non‐invasive mixing time estimation in unbaffled stirred tank: An ultrasonic approach
Authors: Mukherjee Debmalya , Sen Nirvik , Singh Krishna Kumar , Saha Shilpi , Mayya Anuradha , Shenoy Kalsanka Trivikram
Published: November 2022

Estimation of mixing time is an essential aspect in characterization of stirred tanks. In this work, we report a novel, non‐invasive technique to estimate mixing time in an unbaffled stirred tank using a contact type ultrasonic sensor. Variation in speed of sound in stirred tank is measured by ultrasound and is used to determine the mixing time of solutions. A sensing time of 16.6 ms (~60 Hz) is achieved which leads to an estimation of the mixing process dynamics under forced vortex conditions. The method is validated against colorimetric technique using a dye. The technique is thereafter used to determine mixing time under different operating (impeller speed) and geometrical (impeller design, vessel diameter, and off‐bottom clearance) conditions. Though the results presented are specific to unbaffled stirred tank, the method reported is general and can be used in any kind of stirred tank.
Sustainable and Selective Modern Methods of Noble Metal Recycling
Authors: Zupanc Anže , Install Joseph , Jereb Marjan , Repo Timo
Published: November 2022

Noble metals exhibit broad arrange of applications in industry and several aspects of human life which are becoming more and more prevalent in modern times. Due to their limited sources and constantly and consistently expanding demand, recycling of secondary and waste materials must accompany the traditional mineral extractions. This Minireview covers the most recent solvometallurgical developments in regeneration of Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ir, Os, Ag and Au with emphasis on sustainability and selectivity. Processing—by selective oxidative dissolution, reductive precipitation, solvent extraction, co‐precipitation, membrane transfer and trapping to solid media—of eligible multi‐metal substrates for recycling from waste printed circuit boards to end‐of‐life automotive catalysts are discussed. Outlook for possible future direction for noble metal recycling is proposed with emphasis on sustainable approaches.
Schlenks Vermächtnis – Methyllithium unter der Lupe
Authors: Lebon Jakob , Mortis Alexandros , Maichle‐Mössmer Cäcilia , Manßen Manfred , Sirsch Peter , Anwander Reiner
Published: November 2022

Kommerziell erhältliche Stammlösungen von Organolithiumverbindungen sind vielfach eingesetzte Reagenzien in der Organischen und Metallorganischen Chemie. Solche Lösungen sind jedoch von “Natur aus” mit Lithiumhalogenidsalzen verunreinigt, die viele Syntheseprotokolle und Aufreinigungsprozesse erheblich einschränken. In dieser Arbeit beschreiben wir die Isolierung von chloridfreiem Methyllithium mithilfe von K[N(SiMe3)2] als Halogenidfällungsreagenz. Der Einfluss von definierten LiCl‐Verunreinigungen auf die 7Li‐NMR chemische Verschiebung wurde systematisch untersucht und quantifiziert. Die strukturellen Parameter des neuen chloridfreien Methyllithiumkomplexes [(Me3TACN)LiCH3] wurden mit der halogenidverunreinigten Variante und monomerem Lithiumchlorid [(Me3TACN)LiCl] verglichen.
(BO)2‐Doped Tetrathia[7]helicene: A Configurationally Stable Blue Emitter
Authors: Menduti Luigi , Baldoli Clara , Manetto Simone , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Longhi Giovanna , Villani Claudio , Licandro Emanuela , Wagner Matthias
Published: November 2022

Helicenes combine two central themes in chemistry: extended π‐conjugation and chirality. Hetero‐atom doping preserves both characteristics and allows modulation of the electronic structure of a helicene. Herein, we report the (BO)2‐doped tetrathia[7]helicene1, which was prepared from 2‐methoxy‐3,3′‐bithiophene in four steps.1is formally derived by substituting two (Mes)B−O moieties in place of (H)C=C(H) fragments in two benzene rings of the parent tetrathia[7]helicene. X‐ray crystallography revealed a dihedral angle of 50.26(9)° between the two terminal thiophene rings. The (P)‐/(M)‐1enantiomers were separated by chiral HPLC and are configurationally stable at room temperature. The experimentally determined enantiomerization barrier of 27.4±0.1 kcal mol−1is lower than that of tetrathia[7]helicene (39.4±0.1 kcal mol−1). The circular dichroism spectra of (P)‐ and (M)‐1show a perfect mirror‐image relationship.1is a blue emitter (λem=411 nm) with a photoluminescence quantum efficiency ofΦPL=6 % (cf. tetrathia[7]helicene:λem≈405 nm,ΦPL=5 %).
Co‐Intercalation of Dual Charge Carriers in Metal‐Ion‐Confining Layered Vanadium Oxide Nanobelts for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lv Tingting , Zhu Guoyin , Dong Shengyang , Kong Qingquan , Peng Yi , Jiang Shu , Zhang Guangxun , Yang Zilin , Yang Shengyang , Dong Xiaochen , Pang Huan , Zhang Yizhou
Published: November 2022

Vanadium‐based oxides with high theoretical specific capacities and open crystal structures are promising cathodes for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). In this work, the confined synthesis can insert metal ions into the interlayer spacing of layered vanadium oxide nanobelts without changing the original morphology. Furthermore, we obtain a series of nanomaterials based on metal‐confined nanobelts, and describe the effect of interlayer spacing on the electrochemical performance. The electrochemical properties of the obtained Al2.65V6O13 ⋅ 2.07H2O as cathodes for AZIBs are remarkably improved with a high initial capacity of 571.7 mAh ⋅ g−1 at 1.0 A g−1. Even at a high current density of 5.0 A g−1, the initial capacity can still reach 205.7 mAh g−1, with a high capacity retention of 89.2 % after 2000 cycles. This study demonstrates that nanobelts confined with metal ions can significantly improve energy storage applications, revealing new avenues for enhancing the electrochemical performance of AZIBs.
Peptide Amphiphile Mediated Co‐assembly for Nanoplasmonic Sensing
Authors: Jin Zhicheng , Li Yi , Li Ke , Zhou Jiajing , Yeung Justin , Ling Chuxuan , Yim Wonjun , He Tengyu , Cheng Yong , Xu Ming , Creyer Matthew N. , Chang Yu‐Ci , Fajtová Pavla , Retout Maurice , Qi Baiyan , Li Shuzhou , O'Donoghue Anthony J. , Jokerst Jesse V.
Published: November 2022

Aromatic interactions are commonly involved in the assembly of naturally occurring building blocks, and these interactions can be replicated in an artificial setting to produce functional materials. Here we describe a colorimetric biosensor using co‐assembly experiments with plasmonic gold and surfactant‐like peptides (SLPs) spanning a wide range of aromatic residues, polar stretches, and interfacial affinities. The SLPs programmed in DDD−(ZZ)x−FFPC self‐assemble into higher‐order structures in response to a protease and subsequently modulate the colloidal dispersity of gold leading to a colorimetric readout. Results show the strong aggregation propensity of the FFPC tail without polar DDD head. The SLPs were specific to the target protease, i.e., Mpro, a biomarker for SARS‐CoV‐2. This system is a simple and visual tool that senses Mproin phosphate buffer, exhaled breath condensate, and saliva with detection limits of 15.7, 20.8, and 26.1 nM, respectively. These results may have value in designing other protease testing methods.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Aminoalkylative Amination of Unactivated Aminoenynes
Authors: Zou Suchen , Yu Bangkui , Huang Hanmin
Published: November 2022

An efficient strategy for preventing the β‐hydride elimination of alkylpalladium species by ligation of the palladium with adjacent amino‐group was developed, which enabled a novel palladium‐catalyzed ring‐closing aminoalkylative amination of unactivated aminoenynes. The reaction is amenable to aminals, as well as aliphatic aldehydes with secondary amines, which provides straightforward access to structurally diverse exocyclic allenic amines bearing 5 to 12‐memberedN‐heterocycles. With chiral phosphoramidite‐ligated palladium complex as the catalyst, an enantioselective variant was achieved with up to 93 % ee. Simultaneously, synthetic transformations of the chiral products were also conducted to afford structurally unique spirodiamines including one pharmaceutically active molecule via axial‐to‐central chirality transfer.
Effect of polydopamine deposition on wool fibers on the construction of melanin
Authors: Huang Hongbo , Zhang Wen , Han Xiaoyu , Han Zongbao , Song Dengpeng , Li Wenbin , Li Zhujun , Wang Yunli , Xu Weilin
Published: November 2022

The use of dopamine to synthesize melanin as a natural dye on fabrics has the disadvantages of complicated processing, long processing time, and high cost. This study simplifies the processing conditions of the oxidative polymerization of dopamine and develops wool fabric melanin coatings with different finishing effects by adjusting the reaction time. The results of computer color matching, ultraviolet (UV) protection properties, and color fastness indicated that the treated wool fibers were effectively dyed, and they achieved UV resistance properties comparable to those realized in other studies in a relatively short time. The degree of lightness (L) and UV protection factor of the treated fabric reached up to 13.3 and 80+, respectively. Samples W/PDA 60 and W/PDA 120 absorbed more than 95% of the UV light. The color fastness was greater than Grade 4. The Fourier infrared spectrum and X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that the chemical and crystalline structures of the wool fiber did not change significantly after the treatment. The breaking strength of samples W/PDA 60 and W/PDA 120 was about 50% higher than that of the original wool fabric. This efficient and simple method provides a feasible and promising solution for the color deepening and UV finishing of high value‐added wool products. It can be a potential choice for upgrading the printing and dyeing industries from the perspective of ecological protection.
Gene Expression and Autoantibody Analysis Revealing Distinct Ancestry‐Specific Profiles Associated With Response to Rituximab in Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Carter Lucy M. , Alase Adewonuola , Wigston Zoe , Psarras Antonios , Burska Agata , Sutton Emily , Yusof Md Yuzaiful Md , Reynolds John A. ,   The MASTERPLANS Consortium, McHugh Neil , Emery Paul , Wittmann Miriam , Bruce Ian N. , Vital Edward M.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Gene expression profiles are associated with the clinical heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but are not well studied as biomarkers for therapy. We studied gene expression and response to rituximab in a multiethnic UK cohort who were refractory to standard therapy.

Methods

We evaluated baseline expression levels of transcripts known to associate with clinical features of SLE using a 96‐probe TaqMan array and whole blood samples from 213 patients with active SLE who had been prospectively enrolled in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Biologics Register. We measured autoantibodies using immunoprecipitation and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. We determined responses to first‐cycle rituximab at 6 months from treatment start in 110 SLE patients by assessing BILAG 2004 disease activity.

Results

Interferon gene expression scores were lower in patients of European ancestry than in all other ancestry groups. The relationship between blood interferon gene expression scores and scores annotated to plasmablasts, neutrophils, myeloid lineage, inflammation, and erythropoiesis differed between patients of European and non‐European ancestries. Hierarchical clustering revealed 3 distinct non‐European ancestry patient subsets with stratified responses to rituximab that were not explained by sociodemographic and clinical variables, with responses lowest in an interferon‐low, neutrophil‐high cluster and highest in a cluster with high expression levels across all signatures (P < 0.001). Clusters in European ancestry patients did not predict response to rituximab but segregated patients by global disease activity and renal involvement. In both ancestral groups, interferon‐high clusters were associated with U1 RNP/Sm antibodies.

Conclusion

Ancestry appears central to the immunologic and clinical heterogeneity in SLE. These results suggest that ancestry, disease activity, and transcriptional signatures could each assist in predicting the effectiveness of B cell depletion therapies.

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Low Concentrations of C5a Complement Receptor Antibodies Are Linked to Disease Activity and Relapse in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Klapa Sebastian , Müller Antje , Koch Andreas , Kerstein‐Stähle Anja , Kähler Wataru , Heidecke Harald , Schinke Susanne , Huber‐Lang Markus , Nitschke Martin , Pitann Silke , Augustin Solveig , Karsten Christian M. , Riemekasten Gabriela , Lamprecht Peter
Published: November 2022

Objective

To examine concentrations of circulating antibodies targeting C3a and C5a complement receptors in antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) and analyze their association with disease activity.

Methods

Concentrations of antibodies against C3a and C5a complement receptors (anti‐C3aR and anti‐C5aR) and plasma complement fragments C3a and C5a were determined in patients with AAV (n = 110; granulomatosis with polyangiitis [GPA; n = 82] or microscopic polyangiitis [MPA; n = 28]), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients as disease controls (n = 36), and healthy donors (n = 220). C3aR and C5aR expression by circulating neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells was analyzed using flow cytometry. Clinical data were assessed at time of serum sampling and during follow‐up for 60 months.

Results

In AAV, anti‐C3aR and anti‐C5aR antibodies were decreased (P = 0.0026 and P ≤ 0.0001, respectively). In remission, anti‐C3aR antibody concentrations rose to values comparable to healthy donors, whereas anti‐C5aR antibody concentrations did not. In GPA, anti‐C5a and anti‐C5aR antibody concentrations inversely correlated with each other (r = −0.6831, P = 0.0127). In newly diagnosed GPA, decreased concentrations of anti‐C5aR antibodies but not anti‐C3aR antibodies were associated with disease activity (P = 0.0009). Moreover, low anti‐C5aR antibodies were associated with relapse in GPA (hazard ratio 3.54, P = 0.0009) and MPA (hazard ratio 4.41, P = 0.0041). The frequency of C5aR‐expressing cells within T cell populations was increased in GPA (P = 0.0021 for CD4+ T cells; P = 0.0118 for CD8+ T cells), but not in MPA.

Conclusion

Low concentrations of anti‐C5aR antibodies reflect disease activity and are associated with an increased risk for relapse in AAV.

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Thermodynamic Differentiation of the Two Sides of Azabuckybowl through Complexation with Square Planar Platinum(II)
Authors: Nishimoto Mikey , Uetake Yuta , Yakiyama Yumi , Sakurai Hidehiro
Published: November 2022

The precise control of the two faces, concave/convex faces, is an attractive challenge to realizing novel dynamic molecular systems. Herein, we report the synthesis, X‐ray crystal structure, and bowl‐to‐bowl inversion behavior of a platinum complex with azabuckybowl as a monodentate ligand. X‐ray crystallography revealed that the azabuckybowl is orthogonally coordinated to the plane containing the Pt center and other ligands. One and two‐dimensional NMR studies have also confirmed that this complex was observed as mixtures of two isomers, although the isomeric ratio was highly biased. Theoretical calculations indicate that the difference in thermodynamic stability of these isomers is due to the direction of the concave/convex face of an azabuckybowl ligand.
Poly‐pathways metabolomics for high‐yielding cordycepin of Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Yu Jinyan , Sun Min , Wang Xiaoyu , Qi Dongmei , Han Chunchao
Published: November 2022

Cordycepin is an important quality control marker in Cordyceps militaris. This study aimed to explain the metabolic mechanisms for high‐yielding cordycepin of C. militaris. In this study, high‐yielding strains of cordycepin were obtained by ultraviolet mutagenesis, and the polysaccharide and protein contents were also changed. In high‐yielding strains, the protein content significantly increased, whereas the polysaccharide content decreased. Simultaneously, metabolic differences for high‐ and low‐yielding cordycepin strains were detected by metabolomics. Metabolomics results showed that the relative content of most metabolites decreased in high‐yielding cordycepin strains. Various metabolic pathways have been altered in high‐yielding cordycepin strains, such as the citric acid cycle, purine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism, leading to an increase in cordycepin content. In addition, changes in metabolic poly‐pathways related to polysaccharide and protein synthesis, such as galactose metabolism and amino acid metabolism, promoted an increase in cordycepin content. This study analyzes the high yield of cordycepin in C. militaris at the metabolic level and provides a theoretical basis for further increasing cordycepin content.
Evidence of emerging BBB changes in mid‐age apolipoprotein E epsilon‐4 carriers
Authors: Alruwais Nourah M. , Rusted Jenifer M. , Tabet Naji , Dowell Nicholas G.
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Studies have recognized that the loss of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity is a major structural biomarker where neurodegenerative disease potentially begins. Using a combination of high‐quality neuroimaging techniques, we investigated potential subtle differences in BBB permeability in mid‐age healthy people, comparing carriers of the apolipoprotein E epsilon‐4 (APOEε4) genotype, the biggest risk factor for late onset, non‐familial AD (LOAD) with APOEε3 carriers, the population norm.

Methods

Forty‐one cognitively healthy mid‐age participants (42–59) were genotyped and pseudo‐randomly selected to participate in the study by a third party. Blind to genotype, all participants had a structural brain scan acquisition including gadolinium‐based dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging acquired using a T1‐weighted 3D vibe sequence. A B1 map and T1 map were acquired as part of the multi‐parametric mapping acquisition.

Results

Non‐significant, but subtle differences in blood–brain barrier permeability were identified between healthy mid‐age APOEε4 and APOEε3 carriers, matched on age, education, and gender.

Discussion

This study demonstrated a tendency toward BBB permeability in APOEε4 participants emerging from mid‐age, with quantitative differences observable on a number of the measures. While the differences did not reach a statistical significance, the results from this study hint at early changes in ε4 carrier BBB that may help identify at‐risk populations and facilitate the development of early interventions to change the trajectory of decline.
Genomic alteration profile and PD‐L1 expression among different breast cancer subtypes in Chinese population and their correlations
Authors: Li Kai , Cao Li , Li Cheukfai , Wu Jundong , Chen Bo , Zhang Guochun , Li Xueri , Wen Lingzhu , Jia Minghan , Wei Guangnan , Lin Jiali , Li Yingzi , Zhang Yuchen , Mok Hsiaopei , Ren Chongyang , Wang Yulei , Qi Xiaofang , Guo Lijie , Che Yue , Liao Ning
Published: November 2022

Backgroud

There were limitations existing in programmed cell‐death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) as predictive biomarkers for breast cancer (BC), hence exploring the correlation between PD‐L1 levels and other biomarkers in BC may become a very useful therapeutic clinical tool.

Methods

A total of 301 Chinese patients with different BC subtypes including 47 HR+/HER2+, 185 HR+/HER2−, 38 HR−/HER2+, and 31 triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) were enrolled in our study. Next‐generation sequencing based Yuansu450 gene panel was used for genomic alteration identification and PD‐L1 expression was tested using immunohistochemistry.

Results

The most prevalent BC‐related mutations were TP53 mutations, followed by mutations in PIK3CA, ERBB2, CDK12, and GATA3 in our Chinese cohort. We found that mutations DDR2 and MYCL were only mutated in HR−/HER2+ subtype, whereas H3‐3A and NRAS mutations were only occurred in HR−/HER2− subtype. The percentage of patients with PD‐L1‐positive expression was higher in patients with HR‐/HER2− mainly due to the percentage of PD‐L1‐high level. Mutational frequencies of TP53, MYC, FAT4, PBRM1, PREX2 were observed to have significant differences among patients with different BC subtypes based on PD‐L1 levels. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between TMB and PD‐L1 level in HR+/HER2− subtype, and showed that the proportion of patients with high PD‐L1 expression was higher than that of patients with low PD‐L1 expression in the HR+/HER2− and HR+/HER2+ cohorts with high Ki67 expression.

Conclusions

The genomic alterations based on PD‐L1 and other biomarkers of different cohorts may provide more possibilities for the treatment of BC with different subtypes.
Internet‐administered, low‐intensity cognitive behavioral therapy for parents of children treated for cancer: A feasibility trial (ENGAGE)
Authors: Thiblin Ella , Woodford Joanne , Reuther Christina , Lundgren Johan , Lutvica Nina , von Essen Louise
Published: November 2022

Background

Parents of children treated for cancer may experience mental health difficulties, such as depression and anxiety. There is a lack of evidence‐based psychological interventions for parents, with psychological support needs unmet. An internet‐administered, guided, low‐intensity cognitive behavioral therapy‐based (LICBT) self‐help intervention may provide a solution.

Methods

The feasibility and acceptability of such an intervention was examined using a single‐arm feasibility trial (ENGAGE). Primary objectives examined: (1) estimates of recruitment and retention rates; (2) feasibility and acceptability of data collection instruments and procedures; and (3) intervention feasibility and acceptability. Clinical outcomes were collected at baseline, post‐treatment (12 weeks), and follow‐up (6 months).

Results

The following progression criteria were met: sample size was exceeded within 5 months, with 11.0% enrolled of total population invited, study dropout rate was 24.0%, intervention dropout was 23.6%, missing data remained at ≤10% per measure, and no substantial negative consequences related to participation were reported. Intervention adherence was slightly lower than progression criteria (47.9%).

Conclusion

Findings suggest an internet‐administered, guided, LICBT self‐help intervention may represent a feasible and acceptable solution for parents of children treated for cancer. With minor study protocol and intervention modifications, progression to a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) and subsequent superiority RCT is warranted.
Enzymatic Modification of the 5’ Cap with Photocleavable ONB‐Derivatives Using GlaTgs V34A
Authors: Klöcker Nils , Anhäuser Lea , Rentmeister Andrea
Published: November 2022

The 5’ cap of mRNA plays a critical role in mRNA processing, quality control and turnover. Enzymatic availability of the 5’ cap governs translation and could be a tool to investigate cell fate decisions and protein functions or develop protein replacement therapies. We have previously reported on the chemical synthesis of 5’ cap analogues with photocleavable groups for this purpose. However, the synthesis is complex and post‐synthetic enzymatic installation may make the technique more applicable to biological researchers. Common 5’ cap analogues, like the cap 0, are commercially available and routinely used for in vitro transcription. Here, we report a facile enzymatic approach to attach photocleavable groups site‐specifically to the N2 position of m7G of the 5’ cap. By expanding the substrate scope of the methyltransferase variant GlaTgs V34A and using synthetic co‐substrate analogues, we could enzymatically photocage the 5’ cap and recover it after irradiation.
Primary retroperitoneal hydatid cyst, a rare novel differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses: A case report
Authors: Mehri Ali , Esparham Ali , Rezaei Reza
Published: November 2022

The presence of primary retroperitoneal hydatid cysts is rare, even in endemic areas. The authors report a young man with a retroperitoneal hydatid cyst who underwent total cystectomy. The surgeons should suspect hydatid cysts in case of any abdominal cysts, especially in endemic areas, and avoid any spillage and puncture.
Splenunculus mimicking splenomegaly in a patient with synchronous herpes simplex 1 viremia and myelosuppression
Authors: Paul Dion A. , La Paul Bao Duy , Abasszade Joshua Haron
Published: November 2022

Splenunculus, or congenital accessory spleen, is a benign anatomical variation, and is rarely of clinical consideration in routine clinical practice. We describe a patient who presented with synchronous herpes simplex 1 viraemia and myelosuppression, with a splenunculus mimicking splenomegaly, and we discuss the implications on clinical practice, investigations, and management.
Tailored Particle Catalysts for Multistep One‐pot Chemoenzymatic Cascade in Pickering Emulsions
Authors: Wang Shan , Scandurra Luca , Hübner René , Nielsen Ulla Gro , Wu Changzhu
Published: November 2022

Chemoenzymatic cascades are an important tool for advanced synthesis in chemistry. However, these cascades are often limited due to the incompatibility issue between two distinct catalysts and reactions. To address this issue, we present a simple multistep one‐pot platform, in which nanoparticle catalysts are prepared to allow chemo‐ and biocatalytic reactions performed sequentially in water and Pickering emulsions. The preparation of particle catalysts is accomplished in just two steps by polymer modifications and [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 coordination, while the benefits of using them for chemoenzymatic synthesis are multifaceted. They act not only as asymmetric catalysts for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation from acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol in water with up to 99 % conversion and 93 % ee, but also as an emulsifier to form stable Pickering emulsions. By the addition of Candida antarctica lipase B into the emulsions, the second‐step reaction of enantioselective acylation was achieved with 38 % conversion and 99 % ee. Therefore, we successfully present a simple method to enable chemoenzymatic cascades by combining particle catalysts and enzymes in water and Pickering emulsions in a sequential fashion, which can be generalized for other cascade syntheses with different chemo‐ and biocatalysts in the future.
Roadmap for outlier detection in univariate linear calibration in analytical chemistry: Tutorial review
Authors: Ahmadiyeh Fatemeh , Sajedi‐Amin Sanaz , Kafili‐Hajlari Taha , Naseri Abdolhossein
Published: November 2022

Assessment of the adequacy of a proposed linear calibration curve is necessarily subjective in chemical analysis. If the outlier points in calibration are not identified and discarded, the constructed model will not have much validity and does not warrant the accuracy and precision of prediction step. Recognizing of influential points, outlier data, and discarding them is one of the steps in data processing that has been considered in various sciences. The outlier points can arise from (I) bad design of calibration set and (II) gross error in doing experiments. Therefore, we aimed to extract a map that recognizes the following issues: (A) the existence of data with high regression coverage that is far from the rest and will strongly affect the accuracy of the calibration equation, high leverage points; (B) large error in the experimental process: The recorded signal does not match the desired concentration; and (C) points with a concentration lower than the limit of quantification, which is calculated by considering the standard error of regression instead of the standard deviation of blank.

The efficiency of the proposed roadmap will be reviewed, and this will give a new perspective on the calibration equation to avoid common mistakes in analytical chemistry. To achieve the above goal, visual and statistically significant tests will be used and all tests will be performed in a simple Microsoft Excel environment.
Promoted Photothermal Catalytic CO Hydrogenation by Using TiC‐Supported Co−Fe5C2 Catalysts
Authors: Jiang Haoyang , Zhu Feng , Zhou Renjie , Wang Linyu , Xiao Yongcheng , Zhong Miao
Published: November 2022

Photothermal catalytic CO hydrogenation offers the potential to synthesize light hydrocarbons by using solar energy. However, the selectivity and activity of the reaction are still far below those achieved in conventional thermal catalytic processes. Herein, we report that the Co‐modified Fe5C2 on TiC catalyst promotes photothermal catalytic CO hydrogenation with a 59 % C2+ selectivity in the produced hydrocarbons and a 30 % single‐pass CO conversion at a high gas hourly space–time velocity of 12 000 mL g−1 h−1. Using in‐situ‐irradiated XPS, we show that light‐induced hot electron injection from TiC to Fe5C2 modulates the chemical state of Fe, thereby increasing the CO‐to‐C2+ conversion. This work suggests that it is possible for plasmon‐mediated surface chemistry to enhance the activity and selectivity of photothermal catalytic reactions.
Gated, Selective Anion Exchange in Functionalized Self‐Assembled Cage Complexes
Authors: da Camara Bryce , Ziv Noa Bar , Carta Veronica , Mota Orozco Gabriela A. , Wu Hoi‐Ting , Julian Ryan R. , Hooley Richard J.
Published: November 2022

Appending functional groups to the exterior of Zn4L4 self‐assembled cages allows gated control of anion binding. While the unfunctionalized cages contain aryl groups in the ligand that can freely rotate, attaching inert functional groups creates a “doorstop”, preventing rotation and slowing the guest exchange rate, even though the interiors of the host cavities are identically structured. The effects on anion exchange are subtle and depend on multiple factors, including anion size, the nature of the leaving anion, and the electron‐withdrawing ability and steric bulk of the pendant groups. Multiple exchange mechanisms occur, and the nature of the external groups controls associative and dissociative exchange processes: these bulky groups affect both anion egress and ingress, introducing an extra layer of selectivity to the exchange. Small changes can have large effects: affinities for anions as similar as PF6− and SbF6− can vary by as much as 400‐fold between identically sized cavities.
Treatment‐related adverse events of antibody–drug conjugates in clinical trials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhu Youwen , Liu Kun , Wang Kailing , Zhu Hong
Published: November 2022

Background

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have complex molecular structures and have been tested in numerous clinical trials. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of their toxicity when applied in medical practice is of high importance.

Methods

In a systematic review and meta‐analysis of data gathered from different scientific databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science) between January 1, 2000, and June 7, 2022, the authors applied a random‐effects model with logit transformation and evaluated the heterogeneity between studies using I2 statistics. The primary outcome was the incidence and 95% confidence interval (CI) for all‐grade and grade ≥3 treatment‐related adverse events and differences between different drugs, molecular structures, and cancer types.

Results

In total, 2511 records were identified that included 169 clinical trials involving 22,492 patients. The overall incidence of treatment‐related adverse events was 91.2% (95% CI, 90.7%–91.7%; I2 = 95.9%) for all‐grade adverse events and 46.1% (95% CI, 45.2%–47.0%; I2 = 96.3%) for grade ≥3 adverse events. The most common all‐grade adverse events were lymphopenia (53.0%; 95% CI, 48.7%–57.3%), nausea (44.1%; 95% CI, 43.2%–44.9%), neutropenia (43.7%; 95% CI, 42.6%–44.9%), blurred vision (40.5%; 95% CI, 37.4%–43.6%), and peripheral neuropathy (39.6%; 95% CI, 38.2%–41.1%); and the most common grade ≥3 adverse events were neutropenia (31.2%; 95% CI, 30.2%–32.3%), hypoesthesia (23.3%; 95% CI, 10.6%–35.9%), thrombocytopenia (22.6%; 95% CI, 21.3%–23.9%), febrile neutropenia (21.2%; 95% CI, 19.3%–23.1%), and lymphopenia (21.0%; 95% CI, 18.2%–23.7%).

Conclusions

Different ADCs appear to affect various treatment‐related adverse events and provide comprehensive data on treatment‐related adverse events for ADCs. The current results provide an important reference for clinicians and patients on how to care for toxicities from ADCs in clinical practice.

Lay summary

Unique anticancer drugs called antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have made significant progress in oncology in recent years because of their great success, and they are rapidly being used in the clinic as well as in hundreds of ongoing trials exploring their further use.

The occurrence of serious side effects (adverse events) related to the receipt of ADCs was studied using data from 169 clinical trials involving 22,492 patients to determine the treatment‐related causes of higher toxicity and adverse events in patients who receive ADCs, because these data are crucial for informing physicians how to safely treat patients using ADCs.

The results indicate that different ADCs appear to affect various adverse events related to their use, providing comprehensive data on these ADCs that provide an important reference for clinicians and patients on how to care for toxicities from ADCs in clinical practice.
DataPlane‐ML: An integrated attack detection and mitigation solution for software defined networks
Authors: Carvalho Ranyelson N. , Costa Lucas R. , Bordim Jacir L. , Alchieri Eduardo A. P.
Published: November 2022

Software defined network (SDN) is a paradigm that emphasizes the separation of the control plane from the data plane, offering advantages such as flexibility and programmability. However, from a security perspective, SDN also introduces new vulnerabilities due to the communication required between these planes. SYN Flood attacks are typical distributed denial‐of‐service (DDoS) attacks that especially challenge network administrators since they produce a large volume of semi‐open TCP connections to a target, compromising its availability. Most of the current solutions to detect and mitigate these attacks are designed to operate at the control plane, imposing an additional overhead on controller functions. Moreover, traffic‐blocking mechanisms, a widely used alternative to protect network resources, have the drawback of restricting legitimate traffic. This work proposes DataPlane‐ML, an integrated solution to detect and mitigate DDoS attacks on SDN, acting directly in the data plane. DataPlane‐ML uses machine learning techniques for attack detection and a mitigation solution based on the node's reputation to avoid blocking legitimate traffic during an attack. Experimental results show that DataPlane‐ML is faster than statistical‐based solutions for attack detection while presenting better accuracy. Moreover, the DataPlane‐ML mitigation solution can preserve more than of legitimate traffic during an attack.