bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using probability impact matrix (PIM) in analyzing risk factors affecting the success of oil and gas construction projects in Yemen
Authors: A. Kassem Mukhtar , Khoiry Muhamad Azry , Hamzah Noraini
Published: August 2019

Purpose

This study aims to identify and assess the significant risks in Yemen oil and gas construction projects based on their risk rating (impact and probability) by using probability–impact matrix (PIM).

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 51 risk factors that might affect construction projects in the oil and gas sector are defined through a detailed literature review and expert judgment. The risk factors were tabulated in a questionnaire form, which was sent to a total of 400 participants asking their contribution in identifying the risk matrix for the risk factors in terms of impact and probability of occurrence during the project life cycle. Five zones were used in the matrix according to the degree of risk factor’s severity on the success of the project. These zones are light green, dark green, yellow, light red and dark red.

Findings

The PIM analysis for risk factors found that five factors are located in the dark red zone, as top risks factors have a very high impact and very high probability of occurring; 40 factors are located in the light red zone; six factors are located in the yellow zone; and no factors are located in the green zone (light and dark), which is considered an indication of the importance of risk factors under study and their impact on the success of construction projects in the oil and gas sector. Moreover, the factors under feasibility study and design and resources and material; are the most categories effect on project success.

Research limitations/implications

The research was limited to the oil and gas construction projects in Yemen.

Practical implications

Practically, this study highlights the top risk factors in oil and gas construction projects, which might cause an adverse effect on project success in Yemen. Classification and ranking of these factors by using the risk matrix provide the basis for risk response planning to enhance the chances of project success.

Originality/value

This paper identifies the matrix for risk factors affecting the success of construction projects in the oil and gas industry in Yemen. There is a significant contribution expected from this research, especially for companies operating in the oil and gas sector and other organizations that plan to invest in this field, in addition to expected benefits for the Yemeni Government and researchers because of lack of research in this area.
An innovative medical consultation model in mainland China
Authors: Xu Xiao Ping , Ke Dong Ge , Deng Dong Ning , Houser Shannon H. , Li Xiao Ning , Wang Qing , Shan Ng Chui
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purposes of this paper are two-fold: first, to introduce a new concept of primary care consultation system at a mainland Chinese hospital in response to healthcare reform; and second, to explore the factors associated with change resistance and acceptance from both patients’ and medical staff’s perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey design study, with two questionnaires developed and distributed to patients and medical staff. Convenience and stratified random sampling methods were applied to patient and medical staff samples.

Findings

A 5-dimension, 21-item patient questionnaire and a 4-dimension, 16-item staff questionnaire were identified and confirmed, with 1020 patients (91.07 percent) and 202 staff (90.18 percent) as effective survey participants. The results revealed that patient resistance mainly stems from a lack of personal experiences with visiting general practice (GP) and being educated or having lived overseas; while staff resistance came from occupation, education, GP training certificate, and knowledge and experience with specialists. Living in overseas and knowledge of GP concepts, gender and education are associated with resistance of accepting the new practice model for both patients and staff.

Originality/value

There are few Chinese studies on process reengineering in the medical sector; this is the first study to adopt this medical consultation model and change in patients’ consultation culture in Mainland China. Applying organizational change and process reengineering theories to medical and healthcare services not only extends and expands hospital management theory but also allows investigation of modern hospital management practice. The experience from this study can serve as a reference to promote this new consultation model in Chinese healthcare reform.
Building supply-side resilience – a behavioural view
Authors: Vanpoucke Evelyne , Ellis Scott C.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

To build resilient supply chains, buyers should implement risk mitigation tactics. The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the risky decision-making process that underlies buyers’ decisions to adopt supply risk mitigation tactics for creating supply-side resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employ experimental scenarios to simulate supply disruptions of low and high likelihood. The authors then assess buyers’ decisions to adopt supply risk mitigation tactics in response to these scenarios.

Findings

The authors find that buyers’ perceptions of supply disruption likelihood are positively related to their adoption of buffer- and process-oriented risk mitigation tactics and preference for process-oriented risk mitigation tactics. Conversely, risk propensity negatively affects buyers’ adoption of buffer- and process-oriented mitigation tactics.

Originality/value

Beyond risk perceptions, the authors consider how risk propensity also affects the risky decision-making process. Moreover, whereas previous studies often focus on a single mitigation tactic, the authors study buyers’ adoption of multiple buffer- and process-oriented risk mitigation tactics to create supply-side resilience.
From the sharing economy to the visitor economy: the impact on small retailers
Authors: Grimmer Louise , Vorobjovas-Pinta Oskaras
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The visitor economy is increasingly being recognised by local authorities, governments and destination marketing managers as having a significant effect on local retail precincts. This research note proposes that there is a link between the rise of the sharing economy (notably Airbnb) and the growing awareness and appreciation of the impact of the visitor economy. The purpose of this paper is to provide an example of the marketing efforts of a specific retail precinct to attract visitors engaged in the sharing economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach taken involves a review of the literature pertaining to the sharing and visitor economies. Using an example from an Australian tourist city – Hobart, Tasmania, this research reviews a collaborative marketing campaign undertaken by retailers in a city precinct designed to appeal to stakeholders in the visitor economy.

Findings

Shopping at local stores and retail precincts form an integral part of the travel experience. This research note offers an overview of the nexus between the sharing and visitor economies. In particular, it presents the potential implications of collaborative marketing efforts to attract visitors to a retail precinct. It is suggested that the development of new marketing and branding strategies, specifically retailer-led collaborative efforts, are a positive approach to attract stakeholders involved in the sharing and visitor economies.

Originality/value

This research note is one of the first to recognise the relationship between the rise of the sharing economy and the subsequent conceptualisation of a visitor economy. This note recognises the particular importance of the nexus between the sharing and visitor economies for retail precincts.
Surviving secondary school: a story of mental health in adolescence
Authors: Morley Carys J.
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to share experiences of attending a secondary school with mental health difficulties and provide tips for coping. It is the first in a series of three papers exploring mental health at different stages of education.

Design/methodology/approach

A narrative, first-person approach is taken.

Findings

Advice and tips for both adolescents experiencing mental health difficulties and teachers are provided.

Originality/value

The paper is one person’s experiences and therefore unique. It contributes a voice to the much-needed discussion on teenagers and mental health, and promotes an understanding of mental health to both teenagers who may be experiencing difficulties and those who know such teenagers.
Vibration analysis of transversely isotropic hollow cylinder considering three different theories using the matrix Frobenius method
Authors: Biswas Siddhartha
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to deal with the three-dimensional analysis of free vibrations in a stress-free and rigidly fixed homogeneous transversely isotropic hollow cylinder in the context of three-phase-lag (TPL) model of hyperbolic thermoelasticity.

Design/methodology/approach

The matrix Frobenius method of extended power series is employed to obtain the solution of coupled ordinary differential equations along the radial coordinate.

Findings

The natural frequency, dissipation factor and inverse quality factor in the stress-free and rigidly fixed hollow cylinder get significantly affected due to thermal vibrations and thermo-mechanical coupling.

Originality/value

The modified Bessel functions and matrix Frobenius method have been directly used to study the vibration model of a homogeneous, transversely isotropic hollow cylinder in the context of TPL model based on three-dimensional thermoelasticity.
Effects of milk proteins supplementation on muscle protein synthesis
Authors: Casagranda Milena , Zanella Priscila Berti , Vieira Alexandra Ferreira , Macedo Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the acute effect of milk proteins supplementation, compared to another nitrogen compound on muscle protein synthesis.

Design/methodology/approach

The search was conducted on MEDLINE® (via PUBMED®), Cochrane and Embase databases, using the terms “whey proteins,” “caseins,” “milk proteins,” “protein biosynthesis,” “human” and its related entry terms. The selected outcome was fractional synthetic rate (FSR) before (0) and 3 h after consumption of milk proteins, compared to supplementation with other protein sources or isolated amino acids.

Findings

The results were expressed as mean difference (MD) of absolute values between treatments with confidence interval (CI) of 95 per cent. Of the 1,913 identified studies, 4 were included, with a total of 74 participants. Milk proteins generated a greater FSR (MD 0.03 per cent/h, CI 95 per cent 0.02-0.04; p < 0.00001), compared to control group. Acute consumption of milk proteins promotes higher increase in FSR than other protein sources or isolated amino acids.

Originality/value

This paper is a systematic review of the effects of milk proteins supplementation, which is considered an important subject because of its large consumption among athletes and physical exercise practitioners.
Towards a predictive framework for biocrust mediation of plant performance: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Havrilla Caroline A. , Chaudhary V. Bala , Ferrenberg Scott , Antoninka Anita J. , Belnap Jayne , Bowker Matthew A. , Eldridge David J. , Faist Akasha M. , Huber‐Sannwald Elisabeth , Leslie Alexander D. , Rodriguez‐Caballero Emilio , Zhang Yuanming , Barger Nichole N.
Published: August 2019

Understanding the importance of biotic interactions in driving the distribution and abundance of species is a central goal of plant ecology. Early vascular plants likely colonized land occupied by biocrusts — photoautotrophic, surface‐dwelling soil communities comprised of cyanobacteria, bryophytes, lichens and fungi — suggesting biotic interactions between biocrusts and plants have been at play for some 2,000 million years. Today, biocrusts coexist with plants in dryland ecosystems worldwide, and have been shown to both facilitate or inhibit plant species performance depending on ecological context. Yet, the factors that drive the direction and magnitude of these effects remain largely unknown.

We conducted a meta‐analysis of plant responses to biocrusts using a global dataset encompassing 1,004 studies from six continents.

Meta‐analysis revealed there is no simple positive or negative effect of biocrusts on plants. Rather, plant responses differ by biocrust composition and plant species traits and vary across plant ontogeny. Moss‐dominated biocrusts facilitated, while lichen‐dominated biocrusts inhibited overall plant performance. Plant responses also varied among plant functional groups: C4 grasses received greater benefits from biocrusts compared to C3 grasses, and plants without N‐fixing symbionts responded more positively to biocrusts than plants with N‐fixing symbionts. Biocrusts decreased germination but facilitated growth of non‐native plant species.

Synthesis. Results suggest that interspecific variation in plant responses to biocrusts, contingent on biocrust type, plant traits, and ontogeny can have strong impacts on plant species performance. These findings have important implications for understanding biocrust contributions to plant productivity and community assembly processes in ecosystems worldwide.
Retracted: The Rise, Success, and Dismantling of New Zealand's Anglican‐led Māori Education System, 1814–1864
Authors: Moon Paul
Published: August 2019

The above article from Journal of Religious History, published online on 14 August 2019 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editors in Chief, Joanna Cruickshank and Kriston Rennie, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed following discovery of an administrative error resulting in extensive overlap between this article and previously published research.
Faith before Creed: The Private and Public Religion of George Washington
Authors: O'Keefe Kieran J.
Published: August 2019

George Washington's religious beliefs have long been debated by scholars, who have insisted that he was anything from a devout Anglican to a Deist. This study argues that he was neither, instead contending that Washington had Latitudinarian tendencies, and that while he believed in God, he was not otherwise particularly religious. As some with Latitudinarian affinities, he showed no preference among varying creeds or forms of worship despite his Anglican upbringing. His personal beliefs also intersected with his stance on public religion. Washington favoured broad religious liberty for Christians and non‐Christians alike, reflecting his Latitudinarianism because he believed that denomination, dogma, doctrine, and creed were insignificant, and that it was up to the individual to decide the best way to worship God.
Human uterine transplantation: a review of outcomes from the first 45 cases
Authors: Jones BP , Saso S , Bracewell‐Milnes T , Thum M‐Y , Nicopoullos J , Diaz‐Garcia C , Friend P , Ghaem‐Maghami S , Testa G , Johannesson L , Quiroga I , Yazbek J , Smith JR
Published: August 2019

Uterine transplantation restores reproductive anatomy in women with absolute uterine factor infertility and allows the opportunity to conceive, experience gestation, and acquire motherhood. The number of cases being performed is increasing exponentially, with detailed outcomes from 45 cases, including nine live births, now available. In light of the data presented herein, including detailed surgical, immunosuppressive and obstetric outcomes, the feasibility of uterine transplantation is now difficult to refute. However, it is associated with significant risk with more than one‐quarter of grafts removed because of complications, and one in ten donors suffering complications requiring surgical repair.

Tweetable abstract

Uterine transplantation is feasible in women with uterine factor infertility, but is associated with significant risk of complication.
Validation of Nursing Outcomes Related to Breastfeeding Establishment
Authors: Dias Emidio Suellen Cristina , Moorhead Sue , Oliveira Henrique Ceretta , Herdman T. Heather , Oliveira‐Kumakura Ana Railka de Souza , Carmona Elenice Valentin
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

To clinically validate indicators of the nursing outcomes “Breastfeeding establishment: Infant (1000)” and “Breastfeeding establishment: maternal (1001)”, and their conceptual and operational definitions in infants admitted to a neonatal unit and their mothers.

METHOD

This study utilized several methods in a stepwise approach including an integrative review of the literature, content validation, and clinical validation. The content validity index was performed by eight experts, who evaluated revised content of the studied nursing outcomes. In the clinical validation, 61 mother–infant dyads were evaluated by two pairs of nurses: one pair used an instrument with developed definitions, whereas the other used an instrument without definitions. The evaluations were compared using Fleiss’ kappa and weighted kappa.

RESULTS

The agreement between all evaluators was considered excellent for almost all nursing outcome indicators related to the mothers. The pair of evaluators using the definitions had an agreement greater than 0.80 for most indicators. For the pair that did not use the definitions, agreement was poor.

CONCLUSION

There was an increase in uniformity and accuracy between the assessments when using the conceptual and operational definitions for the nursing outcome indicators related to Breastfeeding establishment.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

This study contributed to the development of terms within the Nursing Outcomes Classification, and enriched the body of nursing knowledge.
Current status of umbilical cord blood transplantation in children
Authors: Gabelli Maria , Veys Paul , Chiesa Robert
Published: August 2019

The first umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation was performed 30 years ago. UCB transplantation (UCBT) is now widely used in children with malignant and non‐malignant disorders who lack a matched family donor. UCBT affords a lower incidence of graft‐versus‐host disease compared to alternative stem cell sources, but also presents a slower immune recovery and a high risk of infections if serotherapy is not omitted or targeted within the conditioning regimen. The selection of UCB units with high cell content and good human leucocyte antigen match is essential to improve the outcome. Techniques, such as double UCBT, ex vivo stem cell expansion and intra‐bone injection of UCB, have improved cord blood engraftment, but clinical benefit remains to be demonstrated. Cell therapies derived from UCB are under evaluation as potential novel strategies to reduce relapse and viral infections following transplantation. In recent years, improvements within haploidentical transplantation have reduced the overall use of UCBT as an alternative stem cell source; however, each may have its relative merits and disadvantages and tailored use of these alternative stem cell sources may be the optimal approach.
Differentiation syndrome in acute promyelocytic leukaemia
Authors: Stahl Maximilian , Tallman Martin S.
Published: August 2019

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia differentiation syndrome (APL DS) is seen when patients with APL are treated with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and/or arsenic trioxide (ATO). Presenting symptoms are varied but frequently include dyspnoea, unexplained fever, weight gain >5 kg, unexplained hypotension, acute renal failure and a chest radiograph demonstrating pulmonary infiltrates or pleural or pericardial effusion. Immediate treatment with steroids at the first clinical suspicion is recommended and ATRA/ATO should be stopped in severe cases or if there is no response to treatment. The utility of steroid prophylaxis in order to prevent APL DS is less certain. Here we provide a detailed review of the pathogenesis, clinical signs and symptoms as well as management and prophylaxis strategies of APL DS.
Synaptic actin stabilization protein loss in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease
Authors: Lauterborn Julie C. , Cox Conor D. , Chan See Wing , Vanderklish Peter W. , Lynch Gary , Gall Christine M.
Published: August 2019

Reduced spine densities and age‐dependent accumulation of amyloid β and tau pathology are shared features of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both spine morphology and the synaptic plasticity that supports learning depend upon the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that disturbances in actin regulatory signaling might underlie spine defects in both disorders. The present study evaluated the synaptic levels of two proteins that promote filamentous actin stabilization, the Rho GTPase effector p21‐activated kinase 3 (PAK3) and Arp2, in DS vs. AD. Fluorescent deconvolution tomography was used to determine postsynaptic PAK3 and Arp2 levels for large numbers of excitatory synapses in the parietal cortex of individuals with DS plus AD pathology (DS + AD) or AD alone relative to age‐matched controls. Though numbers of excitatory synapses were not different between groups, synaptic PAK3 levels were greatly reduced in DS + AD and AD individuals vs. controls. Synaptic Arp2 levels also were reduced in both disorders, but to a greater degree in AD. Western blotting detected reduced Arp2 levels in the AD group, but there was no correlation with phosphorylated tau levels suggesting that the Arp2 loss does not contribute to mechanisms that drive tau pathology progression. Overall, the results demonstrate marked synaptic disturbances in two actin regulatory proteins in adult DS and AD brains, with greater effects in individuals with AD alone. As both PAK and the Arp2/3 complex play roles in the actin stabilization that supports synaptic plasticity, reductions in these proteins at synapses may be early events in spine dysfunction that contribute to cognitive impairment in these disorders.
Inhibiting nucleolin reduces inflammation induced by mitochondrial DNA in cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation
Authors: Mariero Lars Henrik , Torp May‐Kristin , Heiestad Christina Mathisen , Baysa Anton , Li Yuchuan , Valen Guro , Vaage Jarle , Stensløkken Kåre‐Olav
Published: August 2019

Background and purpose

Cellular debris causes sterile inflammation after myocardial infarction. Mitochondria constitute about 30 percent of the human heart. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a damage‐associated‐molecular‐pattern that induce injurious sterile inflammation. Little is known about mtDNA's inflammatory signalling pathways in cardiomyocytes and how mtDNA is internalized to associate with its putative receptor, toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9).

Experimental Approach

We hypothesized that mtDNA can be internalized in cardiomyocytes and induce an inflammatory response. Adult mouse cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia‐reoxygenation and extracellular DNA. Microscale thermophoresis was used to demonstrate binding between nucleolin and DNA.

Key results

Expression of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNFα were upregulated by mtDNA, but not by nuclear DNA (nDNA), in cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxia‐reoxygenation. Blocking the RNA/DNA binding protein nucleolin with midkine reduced expression of IL‐1β/TNFα and the nucleolin inhibitor AS1411 reduced interleukin‐6 release in adult mouse cardiomyocytes. mtDNA bound 10‐fold stronger than nDNA to nucleolin. In HEK293‐NF‐κB reporter cells, mtDNA induced NF‐κB activity in normoxia, while CpG‐DNA and hypoxia‐reoxygenation, synergistically induced TLR9‐dependent NF‐κB activity. Protein expression of nucleolin was found in the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes and inhibition of nucleolin with midkine inhibited cellular uptake of CpG‐DNA. Inhibition of endocytosis did not reduce CpG‐DNA uptake in cardiomyocytes.

Conclusion and implications

mtDNA, but not nDNA, induce an inflammatory response in mouse cardiomyocytes during hypoxia‐reoxygenation. In cardiomyocytes, nucleolin is expressed on the membrane and blocking nucleolin reduce inflammation. Nucleolin might be a therapeutic target to prevent uptake of immunogenic DNA and reduce inflammation.

Linked Articles

This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc
Divergent tree seedling communities indicate different trajectories of change among rain forest remnants
Authors: Stride Gail , Thomas Chris D. , Benedick Suzan , Hodgson Jenny A. , Jelling Ahmad , Senior Michael J.M. , Hill Jane K.
Published: August 2019

Aim

To examine plant community composition within rain forest remnants, and whether communities in different fragments follow similar trajectories of change in composition. We investigate whether plant communities in rain forest fragments either diverge from, or become more similar to, plant communities in other fragments, in order to understand the biodiversity value of forest fragments.

Location

Rain forest fragments embedded within agricultural landscapes in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.

Methods

We examined 14 forest fragments (39–120,000 ha) and five sites in continuous forest, and compared pre‐isolation (trees >5 cm dbh) and post‐isolation (seedlings <1 cm dbh) plant community composition. We used Chao‐Sørensen dissimilarity metric to compute beta diversity between all pairwise combinations of sites, and then used Non‐Metric Multidimensional Scaling to reduce 18 pairwise values per site to a single site value, which we used to test whether fragment area and/or isolation are associated with changes in plant communities. We compare analyses for trees and seedlings, and whether community changes arise from recruitment failure.

Results

Seedlings in fragments have diverged most from other communities, and divergence was greatest between seedling communities in small fragments, which have not only diverged more from tree communities in the same fragment, but also from seedling communities at other sites. This finding is partly associated with recruitment failure: the number of genera represented by both trees and seedlings is positively associated with site area.

Main conclusions

Seedling communities are diverging in forest remnants, associated primarily with reductions in fragment area, whilst tree communities have not diverged, possibly due to extinction debts. Divergence is likely to continue as seedling cohorts mature, resulting in communities in fragments following different trajectories of change. Individual plant communities in each fragment may become impoverished, but they can support different communities of plants and hence contribute to landscape‐scale diversity.
OFFSHORING AND THE POLARIZATION OF THE DEMAND FOR CAPITAL
Authors: Bursian Dirk , Nagengast Arne J.
Published: August 2019

In the past decades, the importance of different capital goods has gradually changed, which has led to a structural shift in the composition of the demand for capital at the expense of more traditional capital inputs such as machinery and equipment. In this paper, we focus on a novel driver of this development by analyzing the effect of offshoring on the demand for capital by asset class using a rich country‐sector panel dataset. Estimating a system of factor demand equations, we document that offshoring reduces the relative demand for non‐ICT capital, thereby polarizing the demand for capital. (JEL F14, F62, E22)
Assessment of the effect of continuous theta burst stimulation of the motor cortex on manual dexterity in non‐human primates in a direct comparison with invasive intracortical pharmacological inactivation
Authors: Roux Camille , Kaeser Mélanie , Savidan Julie , Fregosi Michela , Rouiller Eric M. , Schmidlin Eric
Published: August 2019

Non‐invasive reversible perturbation techniques of brain output such as continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), commonly used to modulate cortical excitability in humans, allow investigation of possible roles in functional recovery played by distinct intact cortical areas following stroke. To evaluate the potential of cTBS, the behavioural effects of this non‐invasive transient perturbation of the hand representation of the primary motor cortex (M1) in non‐human primates (two adult macaques) were compared with an invasive focal transient inactivation based on intracortical microinfusion of GABA‐A agonist muscimol. The effects on the contralateral arm produced by cTBS or muscimol were directly compared based on a manual dexterity task performed by the monkeys, the “reach and grasp” drawer task, allowing quantitative assessment of the grip force produced between the thumb and index finger and exerted on the drawer's knob. cTBS only induced modest to moderate behavioural effects, with substantial variability on manual dexterity whereas the intracortical muscimol microinfusion completely impaired manual dexterity, producing a strong and clear cortical inhibition of the M1 hand area. In contrast, cTBS induced mixed inhibitory and facilitatory/excitatory perturbations of M1, though with predominant inhibition. Although cTBS impacted on manual dexterity, its effects appear too limited and variable in order to use it as a reliable proof of cortical vicariation mechanism (cortical area replacing another one) underlying functional recovery following a cortical lesion in the motor control domain, in contrast to potent pharmacological block generated by muscimol infusion, whose application is though limited to an animal model such as non‐human primate.
Pulsed seaweed subsidies drive sequential shifts in the effects of lizard predators on island food webs
Authors: Piovia‐Scott Jonah , Yang Louie H. , Wright Amber N. , Spiller David A. , Schoener Thomas W.
Published: August 2019

Most prominent theories of food web dynamics imply the simultaneous action of bottom–up and top–down forces. However, transient bottom‐up effects resulting from resource pulses can lead to sequential shifts in the strength of top–down predator effects. We used a large‐scale field experiment (32 small islands sampled over 5 years) to probe how the frequency and magnitude of pulsed seaweed inputs drives temporal variation in the top–down effects of lizard predators. Short‐term weakening of lizard effects on spiders and plants (the latter via a trophic cascade) were associated with lizard diet shifts, and were more pronounced with larger seaweed inputs. Long‐term strengthening of lizard effects was associated with lizard numerical responses and plant fertilisation. Increased pulse frequency reinforced the strengthening of lizard effects on spiders and plants. These results underscore the temporally variable nature of top–down effects and highlight the role of resource pulses in driving this variation.
Research and knowledge transfer priorities in developmental coordination disorder: Results from consultations with multiple stakeholders
Authors: Camden Chantal , Meziane Sabah , Maltais Désirée , Cantin Noémi , Brossard‐Racine Marie , Berbari Jade , Couture Mélanie
Published: August 2019

Background

Priority‐setting is a way to focus research and knowledge translation (KT) efforts for community‐based research partnerships (CBRP).

Objective

To identify the developmental coordination disorder (DCD) research and KT priorities of stakeholders in Quebec, Canada, and their perceptions regarding the implementation of a CBRP.

Design

An advisory committee oversaw the research process including an online survey and four community forums.

Setting and participants

The survey was posted online and four community forums were organized. Participants included parents of children with DCD, adults with DCD, health professionals and school staff.

Main variables

Stakeholder generated research and KT priorities, and optimal CBPR conditions.

Outcome measures

Participants selected their top five priorities based on a predefined list of 16 research and 12 KT priorities determined in collaboration with the advisory committee. They also rated the importance of various CBRP conditions. Preliminary survey results were discussed during the forums.

Results

Survey participants (n = 395) identified interwoven research and KT priorities where access to services was considered to be essential: supporting children at school; improving DCD identification and diagnosis; preventing secondary consequences; improving the organization of services and implementing effective services. Forum participants (n = 52) confirmed the relevance of these priorities and supported the establishment of a CBRP inclusive of all stakeholders to improve DCD services, research and KT.

Discussion and conclusions

A general consensus emerged among all groups, but adults with DCD were more concerned with employment than were the other stakeholder groups. These findings are presently being used to shape an ongoing, online CBRP.
Patient and public involvement in priority‐setting decisions in England's Transforming NHS: An interview study with Clinical Commissioning Groups in South London sustainability transformation partnerships
Authors: Coultas Clare , Kieslich Katharina , Littlejohns Peter
Published: August 2019

Background

Patient and public involvement (PPI) in health‐care commissioning decisions has always been a contentious issue. However, the current moves towards Sustainability and Transformation Partnerships (STPs) in England's NHS are viewed as posing the risk of reducing the impact of current structures for PPI.

Objective

To understand how different members in clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) understand PPI as currently functioning in their decision‐making practices, and the implications of the STPs for it.

Design

Thematic analysis of 18 semi‐structured interviews with CCG governing body voting members (e.g. clinicians and lay members), non‐voting governing body members (e.g. Healthwatch representatives) and CCG staff with roles focussed on PPI, recruited from CCGs in South London STPs.

Results

There are contestations amongst CCG members regarding not only what PPI is, but also the role that it currently plays and could play in commissioning decision making in the context of STPs. Three main themes were identified: PPI is ‘going out’ into the community; PPI as a disruptive power; and PPI as co‐production, a ‘utopian dream’?

Conclusions

Long‐standing issues distinctive to PPI in NHS prioritization decisions are resurfacing with the moves towards STPs, particularly in relation to contradictions between the rhetoric of ‘partnership’ and reorganizations that foster more top‐down control. The interviews reveal pervasive distrusts across a number of levels that are counterproductive to the collaborations upon which STPs rely. And it is argued that such distrust and contestations will continue until a formalized space for PPI in STP priority‐setting is created.
Retention of linalool and eugenol in hydrogels
Authors: Kopjar Mirela , Ivić Ivana , Vukoja Josipa , Šimunović Josip , Pichler Anita
Published: August 2019

Textural parameters of hydrogels prepared from hydrocolloids (guar gum or xanthan; 0.5 or 1% (w/w)) and disaccharides (sucrose and trehalose) were investigated after preparation and storage for 30 days. Volatile compounds (linalool or eugenol) were added to the hydrogels in order to investigate their behaviour in those systems and to determine whether there is correlation between textural parameters and their retention. Textural parameters that were evaluated were firmness, consistency, cohesiveness and index of viscosity. Regarding textural parameters, there was no significant difference between hydrogels prepared with 0.5% of hydrocolloids. With increase of the amount of added hydrocolloid, textural parameters increased and differences between sucrose‐ and trehalose‐containing hydrogels were observed. Hydrogels prepared with trehalose had lower values of textural parameters. Correlation between texture and retention of volatile compounds was not observed or it was very low.
Use of lentiviral pseudotypes as an alternative to reassortant or Triton X‐100‐treated wild‐type Influenza viruses in the neuraminidase inhibition enzyme‐linked lectin assay
Authors: Biuso Fabrizio , Palladino Laura , Manenti Alessandro , Stanzani Valerio , Lapini Giulia , Gao Jin , Couzens Laura , Eichelberger Maryna C. , Montomoli Emanuele
Published: August 2019

Background

Formulation of neuraminidase (NA) within influenza vaccines is gaining importance in light of recent human studies. The enzyme‐linked lectin assay (ELLA) is considered a reliable assay to evaluate human anti‐NA antibodies.

Objectives

To overcome interference by hemagglutinin (HA)‐specific antibodies and detect neuraminidase inhibitory (NI) antibodies only, two different sources of antigen have been studied in ELLA: reassortant viruses with a mismatched avian origin‐HA or Triton X‐100 (Tx)‐treated wild‐type viruses. Pseudotypes or pseudovirus (PV), characterized by a lentivirus core bearing human influenza NA and avian influenza HA, were investigated as an alternative source of antigen and compared to HA‐mismatched and Tx‐treated viruses, since represent a safer product to be handled.

Methods

Two independent panels of sera were analyzed by ELLA to evaluate the anti‐NA response against N1 (A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm)) and N2 (A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)). The NA inhibition (NI) antibody titers measured as either the 50% end point or 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) were compared for every source of antigen.

Results

The ELLA assay performed well with all three sources of antigen. NI titers measured using each antigen type correlated well when reported either as end point titers or as the IC50.

Conclusions

This study suggests that HA‐mismatched whole virus, Triton‐treated wild‐type virus or PV can be used to measure NI antibody titers of human sera, but further comparability/validation assays should be performed to assess statistical differences. The data support the use of PV as an attractive alternative source of antigen and justify further investigation to improve stability of this antigen source.
Information security policy noncompliance: An integrative social influence model
Authors: Gwebu Kholekile L. , Wang Jing , Hu Michael Y.
Published: August 2019

Despite the significant advancements made in understanding the factors that drive employees' compliance and noncompliance behaviours with information security policy (ISP), less is known about how different factors interact to impact such behaviours. Having been drawn on the social information processing theory, this research develops an integrative model that investigates how ethical work climate, beliefs, and neutralization interact to jointly explain ISP noncompliance. The model is tested via a survey of a broad cross section of employees. Neutralization, perceived cost of compliance, and perceived cost of noncompliance are found to significantly impact ISP noncompliance. Egoistic, benevolent, and principled climates are found to differentially influence neutralization and individuals' cognitive beliefs about the cost and benefit of ISP compliance versus noncompliance. Neutralization appears to be a more important moderator of the belief‐noncompliance relationship than the principled climate.
The use of prototypes to bridge knowledge boundaries in agile software development
Authors: Huber Thomas L. , Winkler Maike A.E. , Dibbern Jens , Brown Carol V.
Published: August 2019

Bridging knowledge boundaries among project team members is essential to prevent delays or complete failure of software development projects. Prior researchers have reported that software prototypes can be used to help bridge knowledge boundaries between team members in traditional software development settings, yet their use in an agile development setting remains unexplored. Agile development centers the interactions between team members on emerging representations of the prototype whose properties are prone to change over time. Therefore, we conducted an in‐depth study of an agile development project to enhance our understanding on how software prototypes are used as boundary objects in a distributed team setting. Our analyses of team member interactions during 46 virtual meetings that took place over a period of 6 months revealed four different prototype use practices (exemplifying, contrasting, relating, framing) that were effective in bridging syntactic, semantic, or pragmatic knowledge boundaries. We also provide empirically grounded evidence of how variations in object properties can afford different use practices, how the use practices take advantage of these properties, and how object properties are reshaped through these use practices as different types of knowledge boundaries are bridged. These findings bear important implications for research on prototypes as boundary objects in software development in particular and boundary object use in general.
The effects of visualization format and spatial ability on learning star motions
Authors: Wang Tzu‐Ling , Tseng Yi‐Kuan
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate not only the effectiveness of dynamic versus static visualizations on learning star motions but also the influence of students' spatial abilities with these two types of visualizations on their learning. We assigned 155 fifth‐grade students to either a dynamic or a static condition. We used a science achievement test to measure student learning outcomes by assessing knowledge acquisition. We classified students as having either a low or high spatial ability based on their test scores for primary mental abilities, specifically spatial relations. The results showed that dynamic visualizations were more effective than static visualizations for learning complex concepts involving star motions. Furthermore, learners' spatial abilities had a positive effect on their learning outcomes but did not moderate the effectiveness of dynamic versus static visualizations for learning in this domain. Our findings suggest that when designing instructional materials, the dynamic properties of visualizations should be aligned with the dynamic nature of the subject matter. We conclude that students' spatial abilities are beneficial to learning, especially when they are studying a complex domain that demands spatial changes and moving processes; therefore, our findings support the importance of assessing spatial ability in learning with visualizations.
Concealing of under eye orbital fat pads with hyaluronic acid filler: A case report
Authors: Goel Anupriya , Sethi Pihu
Published: August 2019

Under eyelid bags and tear troughs are the two most common concerns for the patients coming to an aesthetic center, and specially their correction without undergoing a surgery. Efficacy of hyaluronic acid fillers has been proven successfully in correction of periorbital volume loss but no reports have been published for their role in concealing infraorbital fat pads. Hence, the effectiveness and safety of hyaluronic acid filler in treatment and correction of tear troughs thereby concealing under eyelid bags are being reported in this article. A 43‐year‐old woman who presented with grade 3 tear troughs and bulged out infraorbital fat pads underwent a single treatment session with 1ml 15mg/mL cross‐linked hyaluronic acid filler (Juvederm Volbella®). Assessment of the periorbital area was done immediately after the procedure and after 3 days. Hyaluronic acid filler injection not only showed significant improvement in periorbital hollowness but also concealed the bulge of infraorbital fat pads remarkably. Correction of tear troughs is known to be done with the help of hyaluronic acid but it can also become an excellent alternative to surgery for concealing under eye orbital fat pads without any formation of lumps and irregularity.
Indigenous mothers' experiences of using acute care health services for their infants
Authors: Wright Amy L. , Jack Susan M. , Ballantyne Marilyn , Gabel Chelsea , Bomberry Rachel , Wahoush Olive
Published: August 2019

Aims and Objectives

To develop an understanding of how Indigenous mothers experience selecting and using health services for their infants can assist nurses in improving their access to care. This understanding may ultimately lead to improved health outcomes for Indigenous infants and their families.

Background

Access to acute care services is important to minimise morbidity and mortality from urgent health issues; however, Indigenous people describe difficulties accessing care. Indigenous infants are known to use the emergency department frequently, yet little is known about the facilitators and barriers their mothers experience when accessing these services.

Design

This study undertook a qualitative, interpretive description design.

Methods

This article adheres to the reporting guidelines of COREQ. Data collection methods included interviews and a discussion group with Indigenous mothers (n = 19). Data analysis was collaborative and incorporated both Indigenous and Western ways of knowing, through the application of Two‐Eyed Seeing.

Results

A thematic summary resulted in six themes: (a) problematic wait times; (b) the hidden costs of acute care; (c) paediatric care; (d) trusting relationships; (e) racism and discrimination; and (f) holistic care.

Conclusions

The experiences of Indigenous mothers using acute care services for their infants suggest a role for culturally safe and trauma and violence‐informed care by health providers in the acute care context.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Nurses can improve access to acute care services for Indigenous mothers and infants through the provision of culturally safe and trauma and violence‐informed approaches care, by building rapport with families, providing care that is respectful and nonjudgemental, eliminating fees associated with using acute care services and linking families with cultural resources both in hospital and within the community.