bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HCMV strain- and cell type-specific alterations in membrane contact sites point to the convergent regulation of organelle remodeling
Authors: Hofstadter William A. , Park Ji Woo , Lum Krystal K. , Chen Sophia , Cristea Ileana M.
Published: October 2024

Viruses are ubiquitous entities that infect organisms across the kingdoms of life. While viruses can infect a range of cells, tissues, and organisms, this aspect is often not explored in cell culture analyses. There is limited information about which infection-induced changes are shared or distinct in different cellular environments. The prevalent pathogen human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remodels the structure and function of subcellular organelles and their interconnected networks formed by membrane contact sites (MCSs). A large portion of this knowledge has been derived from fibroblasts infected with a lab-adapted HCMV strain. Here, we assess strain- and cell type-specific alterations in MCSs and organelle remodeling induced by HCMV. Integrating quantitative mass spectrometry, super-resolution microscopy, and molecular virology assays, we compare infections with lab-adapted and low-passage HCMV strains in fibroblast and epithelial cells. We determine that, despite baseline proteome disparities between uninfected fibroblast and epithelial cells, infection induces convergent changes and is remarkably similar. We show that hallmarks of HCMV infection in fibroblasts, mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) encapsulations and peroxisome proliferation, are also conserved in infected epithelial and macrophage-like cells. Exploring cell type-specific differences, we demonstrate that fibroblasts rely on endosomal cholesterol transport while epithelial cells rely on cholesterol from the Golgi. Despite these mechanistic differences, infections in both cell types result in phenotypically similar cholesterol accumulation at the viral assembly complex. Our findings highlight the adaptability of HCMV, in that infections can be tailored to the initial cell state by inducing both shared and unique proteome alterations, ultimately promoting a unified pro-viral environment.

IMPORTANCE

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes infections in diverse cell types throughout the body and is connected to a litany of diseases associated with each of these tissues. However, it is still not fully understood how HCMV replication varies in distinct cell types. Here, we compare HCMV replication with lab-adapted and low-passage strains in two primary sites of infection, lung fibroblasts and retinal epithelial cells. We discover that, despite displaying disparate protein compositions prior to infection, these cell types undergo convergent alterations upon HCMV infection, reaching a more similar cellular state late in infection. We find that remodeling of the subcellular landscape is a pervasive feature of HCMV infection, through alterations to both organelle structure-function and the interconnected networks they form via membrane contact sites. Our findings show how HCMV infection in different cell types induces both shared and divergent changes to cellular processes, ultimately leading to a more unified state.
Complete genome sequence of
Pseudomonas moorei
strain m318 isolated from rhizosphere of
Pteris multifida
in high-arsenic-content soil
Authors: Han Ning , Yang ChongYang , Ho Ying-Ning , Moriuchi Ryota , Chen Che-Chun , Inoue Chihiro , Chien Mei-Fang
Published: October 2024

Pseudomonas moorei
strain m318 is an arsenite-oxidizing rhizobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of an arsenic hyperaccumulator plant, beneficial for arsenic phytoremediation. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of this strain, which consists of a circular chromosome assembled using long reads sequenced on Nanopore and polished with Illumina paired-end reads.
A non-lethal presentation of osteogenesis imperfecta type VIII due to homozygous mutation inP3H1gene
Authors: Khadse Savita , Shankaramurthy Prakruthi , Shah Nikhil , Ghildiyal Radha
Published: October 2024

A female toddler presented with short stature and hypermobility of limbs. She had sustained five long bone fractures following minor trauma since early infancy. Skeletal survey was consistent with osteogenesis imperfecta. This was genetically proven on clinical exome analysis, which revealed a pathogenic homozygous autosomal recessiveP3H1nonsense mutation. She has been started on cyclical pamidronate infusion therapy. We have demonstrated an extremely rare case of non-lethal osteogenesis imperfecta VIII due toP3H1mutation.
Tumor-intrinsic chemosensitivity assessed by KELIM and prognosis byBRCAstatus in patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Becker Ondine , Durand Alice , Chevrier Marion , Collet Laetitia , Gladieff Laurence , Joly Florence , Sauterey Baptiste , Pomel Christophe , Costaz Hélène , Pautier Patricia , Guillemet Cécile , de la Motte Rouge Thibault , Sabatier Renaud , Classe Jean-Marc , Petit Thierry , Leblanc Eric , Marchal Frédéric , Colombo Pierre-Emmanuel , Barranger Emmanuel , Savoye Aude-Marie , Bosquet Lise , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Carton Matthieu , Colomban Oliver , You Benoit , Rodrigues Manuel
Published: October 2024

Objective

Treatment of high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas relies on surgery and chemotherapy, potentially followed by bevacizumab and/or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). The modeled CA-125 ELIMination rate constant K (KELIM) is a pragmatic indicator of tumor primary chemosensitivity. Although it is well established thatBRCAmutations are associated with platinum sensitivity, the relationship betweenBRCAstatus and KELIM score has yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions betweenBRCAand KELIM, and their respective prognostic values.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from 743 patients with high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas included in a French nationwide registry (NCT03275298) treated with neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy followed by surgery. We analyzed the interactions betweenBRCAand KELIM, and their impacts on progression-free survival and overall survival.

Results

BRCA-mutated(BRCAm) patients had higher standardized KELIM thanBRCA-wild type (BRCAwt) tumors (median 1.16 vs 1.06, respectively; p=0.001). The prognostic value of the KELIM score was independent ofBRCAin multivariate analyses. KELIM score andBRCAcould be combined to define three prognostic groups: (1) an unfavorable prognostic group with bothBRCAwt and unfavorable KELIM (median progression-free survival 12.0 months); (2) an intermediate prognostic group with eitherBRCAm and unfavorable KELIM, orBRCAwt and favorable KELIM (median progression-free survival of 16.0 and 18.8 months, respectively; HR 0.64 compared with the unfavorable group, p<0.001); and (3) a favorable prognostic group with bothBRCAm and favorable KELIM (median progression-free survival 28.8 months; HR 0.37 compared with the unfavorable group, p<0.001).

Conclusions

The KELIM score provides complementary prognostic information with respect toBRCA,and discriminates different prognoses withinBRCAm orBRCAwt patients. Patients with bothBRCAwt/unfavorable KELIM have a poor prognosis, underscoring the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies.
Off-label in-silico flow diverter performance assessment in posterior communicating artery aneurysms
Authors: MacRaild Michael , Sarrami-Foroushani Ali , Song Shuang , Liu Qiongyao , Kelly Christopher , Ravikumar Nishant , Patankar Tufail , Lassila Toni , Taylor Zeike A , Frangi Alejandro F
Published: October 2024

Background

The posterior communicating artery (PComA) is among the most common intracranial aneurysm locations, but flow diverter (FD) treatment with the widely used pipeline embolization device (PED) remains an off-label treatment that is not well understood. PComA aneurysm flow diversion is complicated by the presence of fetal posterior circulation (FPC), which has an estimated prevalence of 4–29% and is more common in people of black (11.5%) than white (4.9%) race. We present the FD-PComA in-silico trial (IST) into FD treatment performance in PComA aneurysms. ISTs use computational modeling and simulation in cohorts of virtual patients to evaluate medical device performance.

Methods

We modeled FD treatment in 118 virtual patients with 59 distinct PComA aneurysm anatomies, using computational fluid dynamics to assess post-treatment outcome. Boundary conditions were prescribed to model the effects of non-fetal and FPC, allowing for comparison between these subgroups.

Results

FD-PComA predicted reduced treatment success in FPC patients, with an average aneurysm space and time-averaged velocity reduction of 67.8% for non-fetal patients and 46.5% for fetal patients (P<0.001). Space and time-averaged wall shear stress on the device surface was 29.2 Pa averaged across fetal patients and 23.5 Pa across non-fetal (P<0.05) patients, suggesting FD endothelialization may be hindered in FPC patients. Morphological variables, such as the size and shape of the aneurysm and PComA size, did not affect the treatment outcome.

Conclusions

FD-PComA had significantly lower treatment success rates in PComA aneurysm patients with FPC. We suggest that FPC patients should be treated with an alternative to single PED flow diversion.
Safety and efficacy of cangrelor in endovascular thrombectomy compared with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
Authors: Devarajan Alex , Gottiparthi Shouri , Caton Michael T , Ouf Aya , Wu Katty , Goldman Daryl , Davis Nicole , Musallam Nadine , Zhang Jack , Rao Naina , Dangayach Neha , Davy Connor , Fara Michael G , Majidi Shahram , Oxley Thomas , Kellner Christopher Paul , Shigematsu Tomoyoshi , De Leacy Reade Andrew , Mocco J , Fifi Johanna T , Shoirah Hazem
Published: October 2024

Background

Cangrelor, an intravenous P2Y12-receptor inhibitor, is a reversible and short-acting antithrombotic medication non-inferior to irreversible glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPIs) like eptifibatide. There are insufficient data to compare the medications in endovascular thrombectomies (EVTs) requiring emergent platelet inhibition.

Objective

To review our institution’s experience with cangrelor in EVT and compares its safety and efficacy against GPIs.

Methods

A large healthcare system retrospective review identified all patients who had received cangrelor or eptifibatide intraoperatively during EVT between December 2018 and March 2023 for this cohort study. Clinical data were reviewed. Functional status was defined by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at multiple time points. Multivariate regression was performed.

Results

Of 1010 EVT patients, 36 cangrelor and 104 eptifibatide patients were selected. There were no differences in baseline function or presentations. Cangrelor was frequently administered for stenting tandem occlusions (n=16, 44.4%), and successful reperfusion occurred in 30 (83.3%) patients. On multivariate analysis, cangrelor was associated with decreased odds of hemorrhagic conversion (adjusted OR (aOR)=0.76, P=0.004) and symptomatic hemorrhage (aOR=0.86, P=0.021). There were no differences in thrombotic re-occlusion. Cangrelor was associated with a lower 24-hour NIHSS score (7.0 vs 12.0, P=0.013) and discharge NIHSS score (3.0 vs 9.0, P=0.004). There were no differences in in-hospital mortality or length of stay. Cangrelor was associated with improved odds of favorable outcome, defined as mRS score 0–2, at discharge (aOR=2.69, P=0.001) and on 90-day follow-up (aOR=2.23, P=0.031).

Conclusion

Cangrelor was associated with a decreased risk of hemorrhagic conversion and might lead to favorable functional outcomes for patients during hospitalization in comparison with GPIs. Prospective studies are warranted to investigate its use in EVT.
Imagining alternative futures with augmentative and alternative communication: a manifesto
Authors: Sellwood Darryl , McLeod Lateef , Williams Kevin , Brown Katie , Pullin Graham
Published: October 2024

This manifesto seeks to challenge dominant narratives about the future of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). Current predictions are mainly driven by technological developments—technologies usually being developed for different markets—and are often based on ableist assumptions. In online conversations and a discussion panel at the 2023 International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication conference, we explored alternative futures by adopting different starting positions. Our case is presented under five headings: questioning the dominance of predictions that artificial intelligence and brain-computer interfaces will define the future of AAC; resisting disability being framed medically, as a problem to be solved, yet acknowledging both the pleasures and pains of being disabled; declaring that people who use AAC—as cyborgs of necessity rather than choice—should have choice and ownership of our technologies; challenging notions of independence as the necessary end goal for disabled bodies and considering interdependence as a human right; imagining alternative futures in which all people who use AAC are accepted and embraced for our communication and self-expression. This manifesto is an invitation for further discussion, and we welcome responses. While our focus is AAC, and three of the authors use AAC, we believe that our stance could be relevant to other disability communities in turn. This paper is about who gets to imagine disability futures and whose voices are left out. It is about how uncritical these futures can be, often presuming values that disabled people, in all their diversity, may not share.
Continuous peripheral nerve blocks for burn management: a retrospective study of outcomes and complications in 281 burn patients
Authors: Perkins Louis , Pedroza Gerardo , Soghikian Max , Santorelli Jarrett E , Haines Laura N , Box Kevin , Lee Jeanne G , Gabriel Rodney , Finneran John J
Published: October 2024

Background

There is scarce literature regarding the use of continuous peripheral nerve blocks in acute burn patients, who may be at higher risk for catheter-related complications, including infection. We sought to describe our center’s experience and infection rate with continuous perineural catheters in the setting of pain management for patients suffering from burns.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was performed including all patients admitted to an American Burn Association-verified regional burn center between January 2018 and July 2023 who received a continuous peripheral nerve block for an acute burn injury.

Results

There were 281 patients in the study cohort who received 484 perineural catheters. The cohort was 52% men with a median age of 39 years (IQR 30–55). A catheter-associated infection, defined as a clinical diagnosis by the treating physicians requiring the need for treatment with antibiotics or surgical debridement, was identified in six perineural catheters (1.2%, 95% CI 0% to 2.2%) involving six different patients (2.1%, 95% CI 0% to 3.8%). The median total body surface area burned was 5% (IQR 2–9%) and 20% of patients had full-thickness burns. The most commonly used catheters were infraclavicular (49%), popliteal sciatic (29%), femoral (19%), and adductor canal (17%). One-third (33%) of patients did not require operating room debridement as the block provided sufficient analgesia for bedside debridement. The median duration of catheter use was 6 days (IQR 4–8). There were no documented cases of nerve injury or toxicity, vascular injury, or local anesthetic systemic toxicity.

Conclusions

In our practice, continuous perineural catheters in the setting of acute burns are associated with an infection rate comparable to other surgical populations.
Macroscopic observation of a first order one-dimensional swelling-deswelling transition in a nanolayered material
Authors: Trigueiro Neto Osvaldo , Olsen Kristian Huseby , Wensink Henricus H. , Pacáková Barbara , Fossum Jon Otto
Published: October 2024

The high purity and superior quality of the synthetic clay mineral fluorohectorite allows for studies of phenomena that are masked by imperfections and the inhomogeneous charge distribution in the case of natural clay minerals. We have exploited this opportunity offered by synthetic fluorohectorite and report here digital optical microscopy observations of salinity controlled macroscopic swelling and deswelling behavior of extra-large nanolamellar clay mineral particle accordions of various sizes. We find that clay particle accordions, immersed in a saline solution, at sufficiently high salinity, are in their crystalline swelling region, with only a few water layers hydrating the accordion interlayer nano-spaces, corresponding to an interlayer spacing of about 1.5 nm. Using a micropipette as a micro-tweezer and thereby transferring accordions carefully back and forth between high and low salinity solutions, we observe well defined macroscopic accordion transitions between the crystalline swelling regime and an osmotic swelling regime where the interlayer spacings reach tens of nanometers, calculated from accordion thicknesses measured by digital imaging. The transitions display a clear first order character as evidenced by threshold salinity levels for their abrupt onsets as well as clear hysteresis with retention of crystalline or osmotic state memory, as salinity is increased or lowered. The experimental observations are supported by a theoretical model of the accordion interlayer spacing based on a Donnan equilibrium originating from the salinity gradient between the embedding saline solution and the ionic strength in the clay interlayers in the osmotic swelling regime.
Essential Considerations for Radiologists in Diagnosing Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Ávila de Almeida Carolina , Haui Priscilla , Martins Costa Flavia , Povill Jessica , Alcantara Martins Philippe , Loureiro Mario , Barbosa Luz Flavio , Ribeiro Gerson , Werner Heron , Canella Moraes Do Carmo Clarissa
Published: October 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, poses diagnostic challenges, and US and MRI with three-dimensional reconstruction play a crucial role in accurate staging, disease monitoring, and preoperative assessment and offer valuable insights for tailored treatment strategies.
Modeling Reversible Volume Change in Automotive Battery Cells with Porous Silicon Oxide-Graphite Composite Anodes
Authors: Garrick Taylor R. , Koch Brian J. , Fernandez Miguel A. , Efimoff Erin , Teel Hunter , Jones Matthew D. , Tu Mingjie , Shimpalee Sirivatch
Published: October 2024

Automotive battery manufacturers are working to improve the individual cell and overall pack design by increasing durability, performance, and range, while reducing cost, and active material volume change is a key aspect that needs to be considered during this design process. Recently, silicon oxide-graphite composite anodes are being explored to increase total anode capacity while maintaining a tolerable amount of cell level reversible volume expansion due to the relatively lower reversible volume change of the silicon oxide compared to pure battery grade or metallurgical grade silicon. To predict the blended anode response and contribution to the overall cell volume change, we integrated the mechanical behavior of the individual active materials with the multi-species, multi-reaction model to predict the state-of-lithiation of the active materials in the cell at a given potential. The resulting simulations illustrate the tradeoff in volume change between the silicon oxide and the graphite during cell operation. This type of modeling approach will allow designers to virtually consider the impact of cell level and pack level design changes on overall system mechanical performance for automotive and grid storage applications, namely that relatively small addition of silicon containing materials can drive a significant increase in the volume change at the cell level, as demonstrated by the 5 wt% addition of silicon oxide accounting for half of the overall volume change in the cell.
Design, Operation and Simulation of a Passive Osmosis-Integrated Electrolyzer for Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Al-Murisi Mohammed , Ghasemi Masoomeh , Ali Rashad , McCutcheon Jeffrey R. , Kohl Paul A. , Shimpalee Sirivatch , Mustain William E.
Published: October 2024

Utilizing abundant seawater for green hydrogen production through electrolysis is a promising pathway to produce a sustainable energy carrier. However, modern seawater electrolyzers have shown insufficient durability due to electrode corrosion and/or competitive production of chlorinated products that result from the presence of Cl−. In this work, a new cell, driven by osmotic separation, was designed and operated that can passively draw fresh water from seawater into compartments with high acid and/or alkaline concentration for electrolysis, thereby eliminating the need for an external energy source for desalination. The work focuses first on demonstrating the passive transport of water through membranes over a wide range of acid and base concentrations. Then, electrodes are integrated, and the cells are operated under multiple configurations and current densities. It is observed that some co-ion diffusion occurs, which is quantified through pH measurements and quantitative Cl− titration. Water transport and ion crossover experiments are supported by comprehensive continuum-level modeling. Finally, strategies for improving future performance are discussed. The findings in this work, a first step in the development of an osmosis-driven electrolyzer cell (ODEC), showcase the promise of this novel electrolyzer design for future direct seawater electrolysis.
Reinforcement of core foundational science concepts during clinical rotations: a strategy to enhance medical student learning and diagnostic reasoning
Authors: Menon Bindu , Ranabothu Meghana Reddy , Tarter Krissy Elizabeth , Layson Tyrone Deonte Oneal , Mukundan Deepa , Laukka Jeremy J.
Published: October 2024

The study describes a novel method for integrating foundational science into the clinical curriculum during undergraduate medical education. The learning outcomes are assessed using a cognitive diagnostic assessment method.
Mediterranean Diet-Based Interventions to Improve Anthropometric and Obesity Indicators in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: López-Gil José Francisco , García-Hermoso Antonio , Sotos-Prieto Mercedes , Cavero-Redondo Iván , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Kales Stefanos N.
Published: October 2024

To our knowledge, no systematic review with meta-analysis has separately synthesized the effects of Mediterranean diet-based interventions in children and adolescents in relation to the effects on anthropometric measures. A better understanding of the effects of Mediterranean diet-based interventions on anthropometric variables could facilitate their implementation in efforts to prevent obesity in the young population. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of Mediterranean diet-based interventions on anthropometric and obesity indicators among children and adolescents. Four databases were systematically searched (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), including all studies up until 15 March, 2023. Eligible articles were randomized controlled trials measuring the effect of an intervention based on the promotion of the Mediterranean diet and obesity-associated parameters. The effect size of each study was estimated by Cohen’s d for continuous variables or risk difference for categorical variables. Compared to the control group, the Mediterranean diet-based interventions showed small and significant reductions in body mass index (d = −0.14; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.01; I2 = 77.52%). Participants in the Mediterranean diet-based interventions had a significant reduction in the percentage of obesity (risk difference = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.23; I2 =84.56%) in comparison with the control group. Interventions had greater effects when aiming at participants with excess weight (that is, overweight or obesity), both for body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, percentage of obesity, and percentage of abdominal obesity. Mediterranean diet-based interventions have a significant effect on reducing the body mass index as well as reducing obesity in children and adolescents (aged 3–18 y). This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42023386789.
Efficient model for cotton plant health monitoring via YOLO-based disease prediction
Authors: Pavate Aruna , Kukreja Swetta , Janrao Surekha , Bankar Sandip , Patil Rohini , Bidve Vijaykumar
Published: October 2024

Protecting plants from diseases involves recognizing the symptoms and identifying practical, safe, and reasonable treatment methods. Holistic approaches based on particular times or seasons can reduce plant resistance and minimize tedious work. Technological advancements have led to the development of microscopic examinations and computational methods using machine learning techniques to detect diseases automatically and quickly using leaf images. This study builds the prediction model using EfficientNet and YOLO neural network architectures from computer vision. The development of a model that assists farmers in identifying cotton disease so that they use pesticides that may treat it further utilizes this concept. In the physical world, the input is accepted from many different sources, so observing the model’s output is necessary. This work concentrates on model response to the inputs from physical devices, and analysis shows that the monitoring varies the results. A novel convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the EfficientNet architectures and variations of YOLO architectures is used to classify and identify the objects in cotton leaf. The EfficientNetB4 yielded 100% accuracy for healthy leaf and powdery mild leaf classes, and YOLO v4 version with 96%, 98.3%, 99.2%, and 0.70 for precision, recall, mAP@0.5, mAP120.5:095 respectively. These results indicate that consequences vary in real-time per environmental parameters such as light effect and devices, and analysis shows that monitoring affects the results.
A conceptual approach of optimization in federated learning
Authors: Mar’i Farhanna , Supianto Ahmad Afif
Published: October 2024

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging approach to distributed learning from decentralized data, designed with privacy concerns in mind. FL has been successfully applied in several fields, such as the internet of things (IoT), human activity recognition (HAR), and natural language processing (NLP), showing remarkable results. However, the development of FL in real-world applications still faces several challenges. Recent optimizations of FL have been made to address these issues and enhance the FL settings. In this paper, we categorize the optimization of FL into five main challenges: Communication Efficiency, Heterogeneity, Privacy and Security, Scalability, and Convergence Rate. We provide an overview of various optimization frameworks for FL proposed in previous research, illustrated with concrete examples and applications based on these five optimization goals. Additionally, we propose two optional integrated conceptual frameworks (CFs) for optimizing FL by combining several optimization methods to achieve the best implementation of FL that addresses the five challenges.
Job matching analysis by latent semantic indexing enhanced on multilingual word meanings
Authors: Sukri Sukri , Samsudin Noor Azah , Fadzrin Ezak , Ahmad Khalid Shamsul Kamal , Trisnawati Liza
Published: October 2024

Job matching is a hiring process that involves a thorough understanding of the context and meaning of words in different languages. The updated and expanded latent semantic indexing (LSI) Framework seeks to improve the precision and relevance of job matching analysis of word meanings in multi-languages. Because they only compare related terms, conventional LSIs are often insufficient to address the complexity of context in job matching. Extending the LSI approach can improve the vector representation of words and help you understand the context and semantic relationships in the text. Improved LSI analyzes context more precisely by using word vector representation. Improved LSI focuses on understanding semantic relationships between words in many languages to produce more accurate and relevant job matches. This paper describes the steps involved in improving LSI, such as data collection, pre-processing, linguistic feature extraction, LSI model training, and evaluation of matching results. The results show that the examined classification model has much better performance in terms of word classification. Conventional LSI has an average prediction value of 79%, once the enhanced LSI can accurately predict about 84% of the entire word, it has a reasonable capacity to recognize the actual words in a natural context.
Internet of things enabled landfill pollution gas monitoring
Authors: Junus Mochammad , Putradi David Fydo , Soelistianto Farida Arinie , Anshori Mohammad Abdullah , Ardiansyah Rizky
Published: October 2024

Due to the increasing concern on how to manage wastes and ensure environmental safety across the globe, a new tool that assists in the monitoring of methane, humidity, and temperature in the landfill using internet of things (IoT) has been created. This system uses ESP32 microcontroller and MQ-4 and DHT-22 sensors to measure environmental conditions at three different spots in a landfill. The samples of data are collected at three times a day, that is, in the morning at 7:00 am, at midday at 12:00 pm and in the evening at 5:00 pm and the data is transmitted to an online sheet where the public can access it in real time hence increasing transparency in the management of wastes. The tool shows a very good precision and effectiveness and the parameters are 94. 6% data integrity over three months testing period. The first findings show that the mean methane concentration is the highest at midday, which is related to the temperature and underlines the role of temperature in the methane emission process. The presented IoT based monitoring system also enhances the accuracy and efficiency in the monitoring of landfill gas and at the same time reduces the intervention of human effort and increases the capability to make prompt adjustments to changes in the environment. Used as an instrument for obtaining accurate and easily understandable data, it is hoped that this tool will in some way help to enhance global environmental health and safety standards, and help pave a way for methane storage for renewable energy purposes.
A novel boundary adaptive oversampling approach for intrusion detection
Authors: Kaur Ritinder , Gupta Neha
Published: October 2024

Managing unbalanced datasets is a significant challenge in intrusion detection, since uncommon assaults are often obscured by the bulk of regular network traffic. In order to mitigate the effects of class imbalance and improve intrusion detection system (IDS) performance, it is necessary to use a variety of imbalanced learning algorithms. Methods of data augmentation such as adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN) and synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) are useful in addressing class imbalance. This paper introduces a novel technique to data resampling where decision tree-generated decision boundaries are used to conduct ADASYN on complicated and unusual samples. When this method’s efficacy was evaluated using the standard NSL-KDD dataset, the accuracy of the unusual class u2r was increased to 42% and, for r2l it was improved to 83%, respectively. The UNSW-NB 15 dataset has been used for further validation of the method, and its statistical significance has been asserted by comparing the suggested method to other oversampling techniques.
Design of stress detector with fuzzy logic method (GSR and heart rate parameters)
Authors: Fajrin Hanifah Rahmi , Sasmeri Sasmeri , Prilia Levina Riski , Untara Bambang
Published: October 2024

Stress is a condition of tension that affects emotions, thought processes, and the physical or psychological state of humans due to pressure from within or from outside a person, which can interfere with activities that can cause various diseases. Therefore, a tool is made to detect stress levels so that a person can monitor their condition and prevent stress from getting more severe and detrimental to the health of the body and mind. The stress level detection tool is designed using a galvanic skin response (GSR) sensor to detect skin response through a person's sweat glands and a heart rate sensor to detect heart rate. Furthermore, the reading results will be processed by microcontroller and then the stress level decision will be made using the fuzzy logic method and will be classified into Relax, Anxiety, Calm, and Stress. Based on the test results, the GSR parameter has the highest accuracy of 99.78%, and the heart rate parameter has the highest accuracy of 99.63%.
Enhancing energy efficiency and reliability in wireless sensor networks using BioGAT optimization
Authors: Shareef D. K. , Jyothsna Veeramreddy
Published: October 2024

The BioGAT model, as proposed, presents a novel methodology for enhancing the efficiency of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which are essential elements of contemporary communication and sensing systems. For real-time monitoring and data analysis, WSNs are comprised of autonomous sensor nodes that are outfitted with processing, wireless communication, and sensing capabilities. These nodes are deployed in a variety of environments. By means of an advanced optimization model, this work aims to address critical challenges in WSNs, specifically in the areas of node placement, energy efficiency, and network reliability. By utilizing biogeography-based optimization (BBO) and graph attention networks (GAT), the BioGAT model endeavors to dynamically adapt to network changes while achieving a balance between efficient coverage and energy consumption. Cluster heads (CHs), which are essential for the aggregation of data, have a significant impact on improvements in energy efficiency and the longevity of networks. By means of comprehensive simulations and evaluation, this study presents exceptional outcomes. The BioGAT model outperforms prior approaches by attaining a 95% packet delivery ratio and an enhanced throughput. In addition, the model effectively decreases mean energy consumption, underscoring its capacity to improve the sustainability and dependability of networks in a variety of WSN applications.
MODIS-NDVI and wheat yield patterns and predictions in Taounate, Morocco
Authors: Bouskour Sara , Zaggaf Mohamed Hicham , Bahatti Lhoussain , Zayrit Soumaya
Published: October 2024

This study is devoted to the use of varied analytical methods to elucidate the complex relationship between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and wheat production in Taounate, Morocco based on MODIS Satellite data. Linear regression (LR), with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.93, provided a solid basis, while the decision tree (DT) showed significant performance with an R² of 0.81. Support vector regression (SVR) performed well with an R² of 0.96, highlighting its ability to capture the non-linear nuances of the data. Given the complexity inherent in the observed relationships, characterized by non-linear variations, we opted for a combined approach. K-means, closely linked to SVR, was integrated for its ability to identify homogeneous subgroups in the data (R2 up to 0.98). This combination made it possible to circumvent the limits of strictly linear methods, thus reinforcing the robustness of our analysis. These results underline the capacity of the chosen methodology to decode the interactions between NDVI and wheat production in the complex context of Taounate. By providing clear and nuanced perspectives, this study helps inform agricultural decisions and build resilience to climate challenges in the region.
Immunothrombosis in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Wang Yan , Mulder Inge A. , Westendorp Willeke F. , Coutinho Jonathan M. , van de Beek Diederik
Published: October 2024

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Thrombosis is the main pathological process of stroke and is therefore an important therapeutic target in stroke prevention. In recent years, with the development of endovascular treatment and therefore retrieving the thrombus for further investigation, evidence is accumulating that immune cells are inextricably linked to stroke pathogenesis. Circulating immune cells have been found to induce immunothrombosis, and they actively participate in the formation of the thrombus by promoting platelet recruitment and thrombin activation. Additionally, the formation of thromboinflammation leads to increased instability of atherosclerotic plaques. We review the concepts of stroke immunothrombosis and thromboinflammation and the effect of immune cells on vessel recanalization and patient outcome. In addition, we elaborate on the possible mechanism of immune cells being activated and participating in thrombosis in ischemic stroke.
Sex Differences in the Pre- and In-Hospital Setting of Patients With Stroke Are Driven by Higher Age and Stroke Severity
Authors: Westphal Laura P. , Rüttener Lilian , Gasser Tim , Luft Andreas R. , Held Ulrike , Wegener Susanne
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Sex critically determines stroke pathophysiology and recovery. To reveal potential gaps in stroke care, we analyzed sex-specific differences in the stroke patient hospital admission and treatment process.

METHODS:

In this single-center retrospective analysis, we screened all patients referred to our stroke center between 2014 and 2020 with suspicion of stroke (n=7112). Patients with different cerebrovascular events and stroke mimics were included. We collected demographic hospitalization and 90-day follow-up data and stratified results according to sex. In a logistic regression analysis for 90-day functional outcome, we estimated the effect of sex corrected for the clinically most relevant confounders.

RESULTS:

Of 7102 patients, 56.7% were male and 43.3% female. Women were older (median, 76.3 years; interquartile range (IQR), 64–84, versus 70.7; IQR, 59–79;
P
<0.001), and lived more often in nursing homes before the event (10.5% versus 3.8%;
P
<0.001). Among patients with acute ischemic stroke (n=4515), women had more often a large vessel occlusion (38.6% versus 34.8%;
P
=0.015), a higher stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 4; IQR, 1–12 versus 3; IQR, 1–8;
P
<0.001), and were treated more often with endovascular treatment (21.4% versus 17.3%;
P
=0.001). Onset-to-door, onset-to-treatment, and door-to-treatment times were significantly longer in women. A favorable 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) occurred more often in men (73.9% versus 64.9%;
P
<0.001). When correcting for confounders in a multivariable logistic regression, age, admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and prestroke modified Rankin Scale remained highly (
P
<0.001), large vessel occlusion and arterial hypertension moderately significant predictors for 90-day functional outcome (
P
<0.05), whereas female sex was not. This could be confirmed when analyzing different patient age groups separately in multivariable logistic regression subgroup analyses. An interaction-term analysis revealed no additional association between age and female sex (OR, 0.99;
P
=0.815).

CONCLUSIONS:

Although treatment and outcome parameters seem to be in favor of men, most can be explained by older age, poorer prestroke independence, higher stroke severity, and more large vessel occlusion in women. Sex was not independently associated with worse 90-day functional outcome in women.
It’s Not the Slope that Matters: Well-Being and Shapes of Lives
Authors: Hersch Gil , Weltman Daniel
Published: October 2024

Many believe that an upward-sloping life is better than a downward-sloping life because of its shape. This is a common way of formulating the shape of a life hypothesis. We argue that the hypothesis is mistaken. We need not assume that there is something intrinsically valuable in the shape of one’s life to justify the tendency to judge an upward-sloping life as better than a downward sloping one. Instead, we can appeal to more fundamental and less controversial claims to justify such a judgment. What one might justifiably judge to be better are features of lives which are often (though not necessarily) correlated with, rather than constituted by, an upward slope.
Interaction of three weeks HIIT and vitamin D supplementation on some oxidant and inflammatory factors in heart tissue of middle-aged rats
Authors: Moghadam F.V. , Soltani N. , Shahidi F. , Nourzad F.
Published: October 2024

Aging causes changes in the structure and function of the heart, which increases the number of free radicals and provides the basis for the increase of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the interaction of three weeks of high-intensity interval training and vitamin D supplementation on NOX, SOD, NF-κB, and Nrf-2 in the heart tissue of middle-aged rats. In this experimental study, 21 middle-aged rats in the age range of 10-12 months were purchased from the Pasteur Institute and randomly divided into high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 8), HIIT+VitD (n = 8), and Sham (n = 6) groups. After two weeks of adaptation, HIIT was performed for three week and vitamin D was gavage with a dose of 500 units/kg. Finally, the variables were measured through real-time PCR, and a one-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. The results of data analysis showed that after three weeks, the expression of NOX () and SOD () genes increased significantly in the HIIT group compared to the HIIT+VitD group. The interaction of three weeks of high-intensity interval training with vitamin D supplementation can improve oxidative indices, but this effect was more significant in the exercise group.
Psyche-soma and polis in Castoriadis and beyond: A new conception of an inextricable relation
Authors: Pechriggl Alice
Published: October 2024

The essay1 examines the relationship between ‘psyche-soma’ and ‘polis’ in Castoriadis’ work and shows its irresolvable aporias. These aporias are due less to his shortcomings than to what I call the aporetic unity of psyche-soma. This aporetic unity consists in the fact that the ‘psychic monad’, which tends towards fantasies of omnipotence and hubris, is existentially as well as formally bound to the body, which it simultaneously seeks to split off as its other. This phenomenon also makes the socialization of human individuals an aporetic undertaking. The attempt to link the tension between psyche-soma and political body-imaginary with the tension between autonomy and heteronomy makes it possible to better understand these difficulties and those inherent to the ‘project of autonomy’. The final section of this paper links the reality principle with body consciousness and opens the gaze to the material boundaries of our overheated planet.
Nocheta alfordi, a New Species of Pentatomini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) from South America
Authors: EGER JOSEPH E. , RIDER DAVID A.
Published: October 2024

A new species in the monotypic genus Nocheta Rolston, 1980, N. alfordi new species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Pentatomini), is described from specimens collected in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. The new species is described, illustrated, and compared to N. adda Rolston, 1980. Additional information on N. adda is also provided.
Improving the Knowledge of the Pest Scaptocoris castanea Perty (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae), Further Information for its Early Detection and Prevention Based on Ecological Niche Modeling
Authors: MINGHETTI EUGENIA , CASTRO-HUERTAS VALENTINA , SCHIFINI LARA , MONTEMAYOR SARA I.
Published: October 2024

Scaptocoris castanea Perty is an important soil-borne pest that attacks roots of various crops in all its stages. In South America it is widely distributed and in North America there are two isolated records registered more than 40 years ago. Early detection and prevention are key features for pest management; therefore, having a detailed understanding of the life cycle and knowing how to identify all the stages of the invader is essential. Despite the importance of S. castanea in agriculture, there are no descriptions or illustrations to aid the identification of its nymphs so here we describe and illustrate the fifth instar. To prevent its expansion it is important to know where the species is and where it could get established. We explored if the North American records might belong to established populations and two possible scenarios could have occur either they were accidental catches or they belong to established populations adapted to novel climates as they are in regions where the environmental conditions are outside the range of those where the species is established. The regions we identified where it could get established and preventive actions should be taken are in Belize, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, and Peru. Finally, the extent of the regions it could invade in the next two decades are very different depending on the capacity of the species to adapt to novel climates.
A new freshwater pipefish species (Syngnathidae: Microphis) from the Sunda shelf islands, Indonesia
Authors: HAŸ VINCENT , MENNESSON MARION I. , DAHRUDDIN HADI , SAURI SOPIAN , LIMMON GINO , WOWOR DAISY , HUBERT NICOLAS , KEITH PHILIPPE , LORD CLARA
Published: October 2024

A new species of freshwater pipefish, Microphis arrakisae sp. nov., is described from the West Indonesian Islands (Java, Bali and Lombok). This species is morphologically very close to Microphis retzii (Bleeker, 1856), which is found in the eastern Indonesian Islands (Sulawesi, Ceram, Ambon and Papua). However, it can be distinguished by its in vivo coloration. Furthermore, genetic analysis of the partial COI gene (barcoding) indicates that it represents a distinct genetic lineage in the Indonesian region.