bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Divergent Duo: Palladium Catalyzed Carboamination in Enantioselective Desymmetrization and Regiodivergent Catalysis
Authors: Dolja Etilia , Funken Nico , Slak Daniel , Schnakenburg Gregor , Gansäuer Andreas
Published: September 2019

We describe a regiodivergent synthesis of pseudo‐C2‐symmetrical and pseudo‐meso bis‐indoline scaffolds from norbornadiene and substituted o‐iodo‐anilines. The Pd(0)/Josiphos system enables the highly regioselective catalyst controlled carboaminations required for the two step synthesis of the scaffolds.
Solvent Selection for Lignin Value Prior to Pulping
Authors: Kwok Thomas T. , Bright John R. , Vora Soor R. , Chrisandina Natasha J. , Luettgen Christopher O. , Realff Matthew J. , Bommarius Andreas S.
Published: September 2019

Solvent selection guides are crucial in chemical process design and development. Lignin from lignocellulosic biomass is a potentially attractive feedstock for sustainable chemical feedstocks. One approach would use a solvent to recover lignin prior to the traditional pulping process to make cellulose fibers: lignin value prior to pulping (LVPP). A solvent selection methodology for LVPP is presented herein that may be expanded for any proposed solvent for this process. Four screening categories are elucidated, providing metrics for 30 solvents across multiple molecular functional groups. Through performance, hazards and environment, cost and availability, and process‐economics screens, the initial list of solvents is reduced to two top‐tier candidates, 1,6 hexamethylenediamine and diethanolamine. 1‐Methylpiperazine also emerged as a potential candidate. This solvent‐selection methodology streamlines experimentation and provides promising candidates for LVPP. In addition to creating a tailored solvent selection guide, valuable biomass pretreatment data that may be utilized in different renewable applications are also presented.
Long‐term dynamics and drivers of coral and macroalgal cover on inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Authors: Ceccarelli Daniela M. , Evans Richard D. , Logan Murray , Mantel Philippa , Puotinen Marji , Petus Caroline , Russ Garry R. , Williamson David H.
Published: September 2019

Quantifying the role of biophysical and anthropogenic drivers of coral reef ecosystem processes can inform management strategies that aim to maintain or restore ecosystem structure and productivity. However, few studies have examined the combined effects of multiple drivers, partitioned their impacts, or established threshold values that may trigger shifts in benthic cover. Inshore fringing reefs of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) occur in high‐sediment, high‐nutrient environments and are under increasing pressure from multiple acute and chronic stressors. Despite world‐leading management, including networks of no‐take marine reserves, relative declines in hard coral cover of 40–50% have occurred in recent years, with localized but persistent shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance on some reefs. Here we use boosted regression tree analyses to test the relative importance of multiple biophysical drivers on coral and macroalgal cover using a long‐term (12–18 yr) data set collected from reefs at four island groups. Coral and macroalgal cover were negatively correlated at all island groups, and particularly when macroalgal cover was above 20%. Although reefs at each island group had different disturbance‐and‐recovery histories, degree heating weeks (DHW) and routine wave exposure consistently emerged as common drivers of coral and macroalgal cover. In addition, different combinations of sea‐surface temperature, nutrient and turbidity parameters, exposure to high turbidity (primary) floodwater, depth, grazing fish density, farming damselfish density, and management zoning variously contributed to changes in coral and macroalgal cover at each island group. Clear threshold values were apparent for multiple drivers including wave exposure, depth, and degree heating weeks for coral cover, and depth, degree heating weeks, chlorophylla, and cyclone exposure for macroalgal cover, however, all threshold values were variable among island groups. Our findings demonstrate that inshore coral reef communities are typically structured by broadscale climatic perturbations, superimposed upon unique sets of local‐scale drivers. Although rapidly escalating climate change impacts are the largest threat to coral reefs of theGBRMPand globally, our findings suggest that proactive management actions that effectively reduce chronic stressors at local scales should contribute to improved reef resistance and recovery potential following acute climatic disturbances.
Construction of Nucleus‐Targeting Iridium Nanocrystals for Photonic Hyperthermia‐Synergized Cancer Radiotherapy
Authors: Wang Liying , Zhang Tingting , Huo Minfeng , Guo Jia , Chen Yu , Xu Huixiong
Published: September 2019

Prominent tumor‐cell nucleus targeting of radiosensitizer substantially affects the therapeutic consequence of advanced tumor radiotherapy via lethal nucleus DNA damage. Herein, ultrasmall iridium nanocrystals (Ir NCs, <5 nm) are constructed for efficient tumor‐specific photonic hyperthermia‐synergized radiotherapy. To endow the NCs with qualified cell nucleus‐targeting performance, polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐modified Ir NCs are decorated with αvβ3 integrin‐targeting cyclic arginine‐glycine‐aspartic (c(RGDyC)), designated as RGD, peptides and human immunodeficiency virus‐1 transactivator of transcription protein(TAT), respectively, facilitating the tumor‐cell‐membrane (with overexpressed αvβ3 integrin) and cell‐nucleus targeting. The formulated Ir‐RGD‐TAT (Ir‐R/T) NCs are demonstrated to accumulate inside the nucleus of tumor cells and generate effective DNA lesions upon X‐ray irradiation. Further in vivo evaluations verify the satisfactory carcinoma destruction performance against 4T1 tumor xenografts. Importantly, the intriguing photonic NIR adsorption of Ir‐R/T NCs has enabled the hyperthermia therapeutics accompanied with photoacoustic imaging modalities, achieving clinically promising biocompatible multifunctional radiosensitized nanoplatforms for effective tumor therapeutics.
SnS2/Co3S4 Hollow Nanocubes Anchored on S‐Doped Graphene for Ultrafast and Stable Na‐Ion Storage
Authors: Wu Ya‐Qian , Yang Hui‐Xian , Yang Yu , Pu Hao , Meng Wen‐Jie , Gao Rui‐Ze , Zhao Dong‐Lin
Published: September 2019

SnS2 has been widely studied as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) based on the high theoretical capacity and layered structure. Unfortunately, rapid capacity decay associated with volume variation during cycling limits practical application. Herein, SnS2/Co3S4 hollow nanocubes anchored on S‐doped graphene are synthesized for the first time via coprecipitation and hydrothermal methods. When applied as the anode for SIBs, the sample delivers a distinguished charge specific capacity of 1141.8 mAh g−1 and there is no significant capacity decay (0.1 A g−1 for 50 cycles). When the rate is increased to 0.5 A g−1, it presents 845.7 mAh g−1 after cycling 100 times. Furthermore, the composite also exhibits an ultrafast sodium storage capability where 392.9 mAh g−1 can be obtained at 10 A g−1 and the charging time is less than 3 min. The outstanding electrochemical properties can be ascribed to the enhancement of conductivity for the addition of S‐doped graphene and the existence of p–n junctions in the SnS2/Co3S4 heterostructure. Moreover, the presence of mesopores between nanosheets can alleviate volume expansion during cycling as well as being beneficial for the migration of Na+.
A Toeplitz-Like Operator with Rational Symbol Having Poles on the Unit Circle III: The Adjoint
Authors: Groenewald G. J. , ter Horst S. , Jaftha J. , Ran A. C. M.
Published: September 2019

This paper contains a further analysis of the Toeplitz-like operators $$T_\omega $$

T
ω

on $$H^p$$

H
p

with rational symbol $$\omega $$
ω
having poles on the unit circle that were previously studied in Groenewald (Oper Theory Adv Appl 271:239–268, 2018; Oper Theory Adv Appl 272:133–154, 2019). Here the adjoint operator $$T_\omega ^*$$

T
ω
∗

is described. In the case where $$p=2$$

p
=
2

and $$\omega $$
ω
has poles only on the unit circle $${\mathbb {T}}$$
T
, a description is given for when $$T_\omega ^*$$

T
ω
∗

is symmetric and when $$T_\omega ^*$$

T
ω
∗

admits a selfadjoint extension. If in addition $$\omega $$
ω
is proper, it is shown that $$T_\omega ^*$$

T
ω
∗

coincides with the unbounded Toeplitz operator defined by Sarason (Integr Equ Oper Theory 61:281–298, 2008) and studied further by Rosenfeld (Classes of densely defined multiplication and Toeplitz operators with applications to extensions of RKHS’s, 2013; J Math Anal Appl 440:911–921, 2016).
A new name in Moquilea (Chrysobalanaceae)
Authors: Sothers C. A. , Prance G. T.
Published: September 2019

Following the break-up of the Neotropical genus Licania into eight genera, an overlooked homonym was found. Therefore, the new name, Moquilea magnifructa Sothers & Prance, is here proposed for Moquilea macrocarpa (Cuatrec.) Sothers & Prance.
Magnetic tuned sorghum husk biosorbent for effective removal of cationic dyes from aqueous solution: isotherm, kinetics, thermodynamics and optimization studies
Authors: Adeogun Abideen Idowu , Akande James Asamu , Idowu Mopelola Abidemi , Kareem Sarafadeen Olateju
Published: September 2019

Dyes containing effluents constitute hazards to the environments and endanger human and aquatic lives. Although activated charcoal has been adjudged the best for adsorption treatment of wastewater, its regeneration and high cost have limited their applications, hence the quest for alternative adsorbent. Magnetic tuned biosorbent was prepared from sorghum husks by in situ co-precipitation of Fe3O4. It was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The biosorbent was then used for the removal of crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) dyes from aqueous solutions in a batch process. The effects of temperature, initial dye concentration, dosage, contact time as well as pH were investigated, and data obtained were analysed with appropriate kinetic and isotherm models. Response surface method was used for the optimization study of the adsorption using Box–Behnken experimental design. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the most appropriate model for both dyes with correlation coefficient (R2) > 0.9 and low % standard error values. The equilibrium data were best fitted with Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 18.87 and 30.00 mg g−1for CV and MB, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption processes showed that it was spontaneous, endothermic and random systems with free energy changes less than zero, enthalpy changes (∆H) of + 49.81 and + 51.18 kJ mol−1, entropy changes (∆S) of + 178.39 and + 177.34 J mol−1 K−1for MB and CV dyes, respectively. Optimization studies revealed that 95% of the dyes are removable at 1.0 g adsorbent dosage and pH of 4.05 at 50 °C with initial dye concentration of 50 mg L−1. The prepared adsorbent is cheap, easily recycled and highly effective for the treatment of dye-contaminated water.
Topological entropy of Markov set-valued functions
Authors: ALVIN LORI , KELLY JAMES P.
Published: September 2019

We investigate the entropy for a class of upper semi-continuous set-valued functions, called Markov set-valued functions, that are a generalization of single-valued Markov interval functions. It is known that the entropy of a Markov interval function can be found by calculating the entropy of an associated shift of finite type. In this paper, we construct a similar shift of finite type for Markov set-valued functions and use this shift space to find upper and lower bounds on the entropy of the set-valued function.
Fruit and vegetable import duty reduction in Fiji to prevent obesity and non-communicable diseases: a case study
Authors: Bell Colin , Latu Catherine , Coriakula Jeremaia , Waqa Gade , Snowdon Wendy , Moodie Marj
Published: September 2019

Objective:

To describe the development of Fiji’s fruit and vegetable fiscal policies between 2010 and 2014 and explore the impact they have had on import volumes.

Design:

Qualitative case study and in-depth analysis of policy process. Policy impact was assessed using publicly available import volume data and prices of food products.

Setting:

Fiji.

Participants:

Senior government policy makers, non-communicable disease officers from the Ministry of Health and Medical Services (MoHMS) and supermarket managers.

Results:

In 2011, the Fijian Government introduced an import excise of 10 % on vegetables and reduced the import fiscal duty on fruit that was also grown in Fiji by 10 %. The import tax on vegetables was removed in 2012 in response to a MoHMS request. Policy makers from several sectors supported the MoHMS request, recognized their leadership and acknowledged the importance of collaboration in achieving the removal of the excise. Tariff reductions appear to have contributed to increases in the volume of vegetables (varieties not grown in Fiji) and fruit (varieties grown in Fiji) imported, but it is not clear if this increased population consumption.

Conclusions:

Reductions in import duties appear to have contributed to increases in volumes of vegetables and fruit imported into Fiji. This case study has demonstrated that governments can use fiscal policy to meet the needs of a range of sectors including health, agriculture and tourism.
Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Features of the Seasonal Changes in the Epididymal Epithelium of Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Ibrahim Dalia , Abdel-Maksoud Fatma M.
Published: September 2019

In order to evaluate the influence of reproductive activity on the functional role of the epididymal epithelium in the Egyptian dromedary camel, Connexin-43 (Cx-43), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and androgen receptor (AR) immunoreactivity in the epididymal epithelium and the fine structure of the principal, dark, basal, apical, and halo cells were investigated. The secretory activity of the principal cells was amplified in the breeding season, while its endocytotic function became more active in the nonbreeding season. This was evidenced by punctate strong immunoreactive signals for Cx-43, which appeared to be more intense in the apical region of these epithelial cells, and the extremely long slender stereocilia (microvilli) with multiple junctional complexes. The nonbreeding principal cells revealed granular immunoreactive signals for VEGF scattered in the apical and basal cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, both extreme vacuolation and several multivesicular inclusion bodies were observed in their cytoplasm. Dark cell size greatly diminished in the nonbreeding season and their nuclear morphology greatly changed from oval to lobulated shape. The plasma membrane of the apical cells expressed several infoldings (microvilli) in the breeding season. However, it was almost smooth in the nonbreeding season except for a small microvillus that appeared as a bleb-like projection. In some regions, a strong dense immunoreactivity for VEGF could be recognized in the cytoplasm of the apical cells and some basal ones. Halo cells with numerous multivesicular inclusions occupying most of the cytoplasm and a lobulated eccentric nucleus were detected in the nonbreeding season. In conclusion, these findings indicate that the reproductive activity has a significant impact on the immunohistochemical and ultrastructural profiles of the epithelial cells lining the Egyptian dromedary camel epididymis.
Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms within HLA region and disease relapse for patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Chen Ding-Ping , Chang Su-Wei , Wang Po-Nan , Hus Fang-Ping , Tseng Ching-Ping
Published: September 2019

Disease relapse occurs in patients with leukemia even hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched donors. As revealed previously by Petersdorfet al., there are nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the HLA region that potentially modulate the efficacy of HSCT. In this study, we investigated whether or not the genomic variants 500 base pairs flanking the nine transplantation-related SNPs were related to the risk of post-HSCT relapse for patients with leukemia (n = 141). The genomic DNAs collected from 85 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 56 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and their respective HLA-matched donors were subject to SNPs analysis, conferred by the mode of mismatch between donor-recipient pair or by recipient or donor genotype analysis. Seven SNPs were revealed to associate with the risk of relapse post-HSCT. For patients with AML, the increased risk of post-HSCT relapse was associated with the donor SNP of rs111394117 in the intron of NOTCH4 gene, and the recipient SNPs of rs213210 in the ring finger protein 1 (RING1) gene promoter, and rs17220087 and rs17213693 in the intron of HLA-DOB gene. For patients with ALL, the increased risk of post-HSCT relapse was associated with the donor SNP of rs213210 in the RING1 gene promoter, and the recipient SNPs of rs79327197 in the HLA-DOA gene promoter, rs2009658 in the telomeric end of lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) gene, rs17220087 and rs17213693 in the intron of HLA-DOB gene, and rs2070120 in the 3′-UTR of HLA-DOB gene. This study sheds new insight into selecting better candidate donors for performing HSCT in patients with AML and ALL.
Actin dynamics in cell migration
Authors: Schaks Matthias , Giannone Grégory , Rottner Klemens
Published: September 2019

Cell migration is an essential process, both in unicellular organisms such as amoeba and as individual or collective motility in highly developed multicellular organisms like mammals. It is controlled by a variety of activities combining protrusive and contractile forces, normally generated by actin filaments. Here, we summarize actin filament assembly and turnover processes, and how respective biochemical activities translate into different protrusion types engaged in migration. These actin-based plasma membrane protrusions include actin-related protein 2/3 complex-dependent structures such as lamellipodia and membrane ruffles, filopodia as well as plasma membrane blebs. We also address observed antagonisms between these protrusion types, and propose a model – also inspired by previous literature – in which a complex balance between specific Rho GTPase signaling pathways dictates the protrusion mechanism employed by cells. Furthermore, we revisit published work regarding the fascinating antagonism between Rac and Rho GTPases, and how this intricate signaling network can define cell behavior and modes of migration. Finally, we discuss how the assembly of actin filament networks can feed back onto their regulators, as exemplified for the lamellipodial factor WAVE regulatory complex, tightly controlling accumulation of this complex at specific subcellular locations as well as its turnover.
Enhancer DNA methylation: implications for gene regulation
Authors: Angeloni Allegra , Bogdanovic Ozren
Published: September 2019

DNA methylation involves the addition of a methyl group to the fifth carbon of the pyrimidine cytosine ring (5-methylcytosine, 5mC). 5mC is widespread in vertebrate genomes where it is predominantly found within CpG dinucleotides. In mammals, 5mC participates in long-term silencing processes such as X-chromosome inactivation, genomic imprinting, somatic silencing of germline genes, and silencing of repetitive DNA elements. The evidence for 5mC as a dynamic gene-regulatory mechanism is mostly limited to specific examples, and is far from being completely understood. Recent work from diverse model systems suggests that 5mC might not always act as a dominant repressive mechanism and that hypermethylated promoters and enhancers can be permissive to transcription in vivo and in vitro. In this review, we discuss the links between 5mC and enhancer activity, and evaluate the role of this biochemical mechanism in various biological contexts.
Numerical simulation of the effect of plate spacing on heat transfer characteristics within a parallel-plate heat exchanger in a standing wave thermoacoustic system
Authors: Huang Haoran , Jaworski Artur
Published: September 2019

Power can be converted with high efficiently between thermal energy and mechanical (acoustic) energy by using thermoacoustic technologies. Thus, the heat transfer characteristics are significant to the understanding of mechanisms, and improvement of efficiency for thermoacoustic devices, notably in heat exchangers. This paper introduces a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of flow across a parallel-plate heat exchanger and investigates the effect of plate spacing on heat transfer characteristics. The open source CFD software OpenFOAM is applied because of the highly customizable capabilities to vary the control parameters. Firstly, the computational model including geometry, boundary conditions, equations, discretization scheme, turbulence and thermophysical properties’ models are presented, and then grid-independence validation is presented to verify the quality of mesh. The simulation results show that plate spacing influences the heat transfer between plates and adjacent area of heat exchanger, and the heat transfer coefficient goes up when the plate spacing decreases. The analysis also indicates that a possible flow transition to turbulence occurred within Re number between 247.2 and 321.4. The results in this work can help the understanding of heat transfer inside thermoacoustic system, and form a basis for future research.
Dimethyl ether (DME) as potential environmental friendly fuel
Authors: Makoś Patrycja , Słupek Edyta , Sobczak Joanna , Zabrocki Dawid , Hupka Jan , Rogala Andrzej
Published: September 2019

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in replacing petroleum fuels with so-called second generation environmental friendly fuels. Compared to traditional petroleum fuels dimethyl ether (DME) could be used as a clean high-efficiency compression ignition fuel with reduced particulate matter (PM), sulfur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) as well as combustion noise. Compared to some of the other leading alternative fuel candidates i.e., methane, methanol, ethanol, compressed natural gas, DME appears to have the largest potential impact on society including well-to-wheel greenhouse gas emissions, non-petroleum feedstocks, well-to-wheel efficiencies, fuel versatility, infrastructure, availability, economics, and safety and should be considered as the fuel of choice for eliminating the dependency on petroleum. This paper reviews the properties and the DME combustion effects on environmental and they were compared to diesel characteristic as well as the effect of blending DME with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel were discussed.
Energy-saving analysis of grey water heat recovery systems for student dormitory
Authors: Paduchowska Joanna , Żabnieńska-Góra Alina , Polarczyk Iwona
Published: September 2019

Grey water heat recovery (GWHR) is one of the significant opportunities for energy savings in student dormitories and seeks to meet the EU environmental strategy. This article performs the results of temperature and flow rate measurements carried out for domestic hot water consumption for two student dormitories in Wroclaw. An energy analysis was carried out for the measurement data with and without circulation system to assess the energy savings from grey water. Results ensure that GWHR system allows to save 53% of the energy in these buildings.
The influence of the solar-ground heat pump system on the ground temperature in the boreholes and in their vicinity – study based on experimental data
Authors: Rynkowski Piotr
Published: September 2019

The paper presents the results of observations of a brine-to-water a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP) system located in building “INNO–EKO–TECH Innovative Research and Didactic Center for Alternative Energy Sources, Energy Efficient Construction and Environmental Protection” in the Bialystok University of Technology, north-east Poland. As the heat source of the system are three vertical ground heat exchanger (VGHE), length 70, 85 and 100 m. Independently, there are three control probes to monitor the temperature in the vicinity of VGHEs. The experimental results indicate that soil temperature raises from 0.2°C for 5 m distance, up to 0.5°C for 5 m distance.
Characteristics of Oder river water temperature for heat pump
Authors: Sayegh Marderos Ara , Żabnieńska-Góra Alina
Published: September 2019

Currently there is increasing interest in using surface water bodies as renewable energy sources for year around or seasonal heating and cooling applications e.g. heat pumps. This paper presents the statistical analysis of average water temperature and the flow rate of the Oder River. Linear regression analysis was carried out on the base of ten years (2005–2014) diurnal water temperatures measurements data. The results determine the relation between average air temperature in Wroclaw and Oder river water average temperature for two analysed locations. The Pearson's r correlation coefficients were determined. Additionally, the variability of water flow rates from 2008–2010 in the annual cycle were illustrated. The article proposes the conceptual framework for surface water bodies technical aspects. This proposition is the first step for wider analysis in order to identify the thermal potential of the Oder river water as heat source for heat pumps.
The impact of ETC/PCM solar energy storage on the energy performance of a building
Authors: Sekret Robert , Feliński Piotr
Published: September 2019

The main goal of this investigation was to increase the solar fraction and reduce the demand for non-renewable primary energy in a building heating system. Thermal performance of the prototype evacuated tube solar collector/storage integrated with a PCM (ETC/PCM) was analyzed. Technical grade paraffin with onset melting point of 51.24°C was used as a PCM. It has been shown that the highest solar energy fraction in the building heating system was obtained with a thermal load of 40 W·m-2 and the highest the surface area of ETC/PCM aperture in relation to the heating surface area value of 0.2. Lowering the heating system parameters from 45/35°C to 35/25°C allowed for an increase in heat output from solar energy in the range from 2.71% to 5.44%. The largest increase in the solar fraction was in the range of the ratio of the surface area of the solar collector ETC/PCM aperture to the area of the heated building from 0.03 to 0.07. In summary, obtained results indicated that the proposed solution allowed reduction of non-renewable primary energy demand in conceptual heating system from 6% to 27% depending on the heat load of the building and the aperture area of the ETC/PCM.
Distribution and forecast of air temperature in determining of heat output of the district heating substation with heat storage
Authors: Turski Michał , Sekret Robert
Published: September 2019

The aim of this article was to determine the energetic effect of adapting the control method of district heating substation to a solution using dispersed heat storage. The current control method of district heating substation uses the equations for regulating the temperature distribution of the installation water based on the value of the external temperature. This control method causes a significant amount of heat not consumed by end users. To adapt the control method to a solution using dispersed heat storage the following values were analyzed: the forecast of external temperature and duration of episodes with the lowest external temperatures on the heat output of the district heating substation based on 63 heating seasons. Obtained results were presented for a district heating substation in Poland. The analysis shows that a temperature of -15°C can be adopted as the reference to determine the expected heat output of the district heating substation. On this basis the demand for heat output for central heating purposes was 406 kW instead of 430 kW. The energetic effect of use dispersed heat storage to compensate the reduced heat output of the district heating substation was 24 kW with a compensation time of 24.2 h.
KM3NeT acoustic positioning and detection system
Authors: Viola Salvatore
Published: September 2019

In the Mediterranean Sea, the KM3NeT Collaboration is constructing a the deep-sea research infrastructure hosting next generation neutrino telescopes. In the KM3NeT telescopes the Cherenkov radiation induced by the secondary charged particles produced in the interaction of cosmic and atmospheric neutrinos within an effective volume between megaton and several cubic kilometers of water are detected by an array of thousands of photomultipliers. The capability of the telescope to determine the direction of secondary charged particles and to point back to the neutrino source is strongly connected to the accuracy on photomultipliers positions. In KM3NeT, the photomultiplier positions are continuously monitored by an acoustic positioning system, designed by the KM3NeT Collaboration to reach an accuracy of the photomultiplier positions better than 20 cm.
Radio Morphing - towards a fast computation of the radio signal from air-showers
Authors: Zilles Anne , Martineau-Huynh Olivier , Kotera Kumiko , Tueros Matias , de Vries Krijn , Carvalho Washington , Niess Valentin
Published: September 2019

Over the last decades, radio detection of air showers has been established as a promising detection technique for ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos. Very large or dense antenna arrays are necessary to be proficient at collecting information about these particles and understanding their properties accurately. The exploitation of such arrays requires to run massive air-shower simulations to evaluate the radio signal at each antenna position, taking into account features such as the ground topology. In order to reduce computational costs, we have developed a fast computation of the emitted radio signal on the basis of generic shower simulations, called Radio Morphing. The method consists in the calculation of the radio signal of any air-shower by i) a scaling of the electric-field amplitude of a reference air shower to the target shower, ii) an isometry on the simulated positions and iii) an interpolation of the radio pulse at the desired position. This technique enables one to gain many orders of magnitude in CPU time compared to a standard computation. In this contribution, we present this novel tool and explain its methodology. In particular, Radio Morphing will be a key element for the simulation chain of the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) project, that aims at detecting ultra-high-energy neutrinos with an array of 200 000 radio antennas in mountainous regions.
Three-phase power transformer modelling in AC/DC traction substations
Authors: Bulucea Cornelia A. , Nicola Doru A. , Mastorakis Nikos E. , Bulucea Carmen A.
Published: September 2019

Three-phase power transformer is one of the most important elements in the electric power systems, and it plays a significant role in terms of energy savings. Since the efficiency standards can be expressed in terms of electrical efficiency, in an attempt to improve the transformer efficiency, in this study an enhancement of three-phase power transformer modelling with space phasors is presented. There are established the equations with space phasors of the three-phase transformer with symmetrical compact core. This equations system can be used to analyze the dynamic regimes of three-phase transformers. In this paper have been analyzed some aspects of three-phase power transformer operation in a AC/DC traction substation.
Mathematical modeling of transesterification process kinetics of triglycerides catalyzed by TMAH
Authors: Šánek Lubomír , Jiří Pecha , Husár Jakub , Kolomazník Karel
Published: September 2019

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel mainly produced by methylation of triglycerides of vegetable oils or animal fats. The production processes nowadays are particularly based on the utilization of inorganic alkali catalysts. However, it has been proved that an organic alkali – tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) – can also be used as a very efficient transesterification catalyst. The work presented herein is focused on mathematical modeling of the kinetics of TMAH-catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides at different reaction conditions, specifically at varying reaction temperature with the aim to understand the reaction mechanism and identify the key variables for optimization of the production process. The main kinetic parameters were calculated based on the mathematical- statistical processing of experimental kinetic data. The reaction rate constants for individual consecutive and reversible reactions and the corresponding activation energies were calculated.
Possibilities of using virtual reality as a means for therapy from fear of spiders
Authors: Musalek Miroslav , Vasek Lubomir
Published: September 2019

The subject of this article is to find out whether virtual reality can affect phobia of spiders. For this pre-research were performed 20 experiments on a small sample of subjects. Two approaches were used to measure during the experiments. The values of results are represented by this post.
Interval estimation of trigonometrical splines
Authors: Burova I.G. , Ivanova E.G. , Kostin V.A.
Published: September 2019

Quite often, it is necessary to quickly determine variation range of the function. If the function values are known at some points, then it is easy to construct the local spline approximation of this function and use the interval analysis rules. As a result, we get the area within which the approximation of this function changes. It is necessary to take into account the approximation error when studying the obtained area of change of function approximation. Thus, we get the range of changing the function with the approximation error. This paper discusses the features of using polynomial and trigonometrical splines of the third order approximation to determine the upper and lower boundaries of the area (domain) in which the values of the approximation are contained. Theorems of approximation by these local trigonometric and polynomial splines are formulated. The values of the constants in the estimates of the errors of approximation by the trigonometrical and polynomial splines are given. It is shown that these constants cannot be reduced. An algorithm for constructing the variation domain of the approximation of the function is described. The results of the numerical experiments are given.
Determinants of ERP Systems as a Large-Scale Reuse Approach
Authors: Mijač Marko , Picek Ruben , Andročec Darko
Published: September 2019

From the very beginnings of software era, enterprise environments have been one of the greatest generators of demand for complex software systems. Attempts to satisfy these ever growing needs for enterprise software systems have had a m ixed success. Software reuse has been one of the leverage mechanisms software producers had at their disposal, and through the year’s different reuse approaches emerged. One of the most successful large scale reuse approaches in enterprise environment are Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, which intend to reuse domain analysis and best practices in doing business, as well as software design and implementation. However, in literature, ERP systems are seldom viewed and described as one of the reuse approaches. Therefore, in this paper we aim at systematically analyzing ERP systems from the software reuse perspective in order to gain better insight into their characteristics, constituent elements, and relationships.
Data encoding and reconstruction of thermal imaging maps of impact damaged composite Structures using feature space and neural networks
Authors: Iskandarani Mahmoud
Published: September 2019

A new approach to characterizing and predicting impact damage level in (Reaction Injection Molding) RIM structures is presented. The technique encodes thermal images maps and extracts features from presented thermal images. Complex Neural Networks structure is employed to reconstruct thermal imaging maps and predict the extent of damage an impact can cause. Neural network weigh elimination algorithm is used and proved effective in predicting areas of damage.
Visible/Infrared face spoofing detection using texture descriptors
Authors: Mohamed Shaimaa , Ghoneim Amr , Youssif Aliaa
Published: September 2019

With extensive applications of face recognition technologies, face anti-spoofing played an important role and has drawn a great attention in the security systems. This study represents a multi-spectral face anti-spoofing method working with both visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) spectra imaging. Spectral imaging is the capture of images in multiple bands. Since these attacks are carried out at the sensor, operating in the visible range, a sensor operating in another band can give more cues regarding the artifact or disguise used to carry out the attack. Our experimental results of public datasets proved that the proposed algorithms gain promising results for different testing scenarios and that our methods can deal with different illuminations and both photo and screen spoofing.
Enchancement of Toremifene Anti-Tumor Action by Metformin and Unusual Side Effect of Toremifene in Male Transgenic Mice with HER2-Positive Breast Tumor
Authors: Stukov Alexander N. , Osipov Mikhail A. , Semiglazova Tatjana Y. , Filatova Larisa V. , Alexandrov Valerij A. , Bespalov Vladimir G. , Semenov Alexander L. , Tyndyk Margarita L. , Yurova Maria N. , Panchenko Andrey V. , Baranenko Denis A.
Published: September 2019

HER2-positive breast tumors are found in 25–30% of patients with breast cancer and are characterized by aggressive course and reduced sensitivity to both chemotherapy and hormone therapy. The aim of the work was to study the possibilities of enhancing the therapeutic effect of anti-estrogen drug toremifene by combining it with biguanide, metformin, on the HER2-positive breast cancer model in FVB/N HER-2/neu transgenic mouse. Male FBV/N mice with intramuscularly transplanted HER2-positive mammary gland tumor from a female mouse of the same strain have been given toremifene (30 mg/kg, orally daily) or metformin (100 mg/kg, orally daily) that had a moderate antitumor effect (decrease the area under the kinetic curve of tumor growth by 1.6 and 1.5 times, respectively, when compared with intact control). Co-administration of these drugs in the same doses had a more pronounced effect (the area under the kinetic curve of tumor growth decreased by 3.1 times compared to intact control; p<0.05). After 10 days, in group receiving toremifene all 10 mice developed inguinal-scrotal hernias, and in group that received toremifene plus metformin - only 5 of 10 (p=0.0325). By the 15th day after the start of treatment, the hernias was also determined in all mice treated with the combination of toremifene and metformin, but the size of the hernial sac was significantly smaller than in those receiving only toremifene - 537 ± 96 mm3 and 1309 ± 120 mm3, respectively (p=0.0001). A possible explanation is the manifestation of collagen-degrading effect of toremifene.
Ethik als offener Raum
Authors: Bögershausen Stephan , Post-Dömer Elisabeth , Wittenhaus Jörg , Kliesch Stefan
Published: September 2019

Nach welchen Kriterien kann ich im Umgang mit psychisch erkrankten Menschen
entscheiden, was richtig ist? Was bedeuten Ethik und Autonomie im
psychiatrischen Kontext? Und was ist eine Werteküche? Antworten geben unsere
Autoren von der LWL-Klinik Lengerich. Außerdem schildern sie, wie sie das
Lengericher Modell als Ethik-Beratung an ihrer Klinik etabliert haben.
Durch Selbstwirksamkeit ein straffreies Leben
führen
Authors: Kolbe Harald Joachim , Michgehl Dirk , Besser Ralf
Published: September 2019

Wie Selbstwirksamkeit im Maßregelvollzug erlebt beziehungsweise erlernt werden
kann, stellen wir Ihnen anhand von 3 Beispielen vor, die auf der 4.
Bundeskonferenz der forensisch-psychiatrischen Pflege präsentiert wurden:
Genesungsbegleiter, Recovery-Reise durch Kunst und spielerische Tools zur
Selbstreflexion.
A Rare Case of a Combination of Tessier Cleft 0 and 3 in a 4-Year-Old Child—A Case Report
Authors: Nayak Bibhuti Bhusan , Lopamudra M.
Published: September 2019

Description and successful management of a patient with Tessier no. 0 and 3 facial cleft is being presented. Appropriate evaluation was done to rule out the presence of median cleft face syndrome. Lip cleft was repaired by straight line technique with staggering at the vermilion border. Nasal cleft was reconstructed by a transposition flap and the flap taken from the upper lip after correction of the midline cleft. Satisfactory outcome was achieved for this singular deformity by conforming to the basic tenets of plastic surgery.
Shark longline fishery of Papua New Guinea: size and species composition and spatial variation of the catches
Authors: White William T. , Baje Leontine , Appleyard Sharon A. , Chin Andrew , Smart Jonathan J. , Simpfendorfer Colin A.
Published: September 2019

This study provides the first detailed investigation of the catches of the shark longline fishery in Papua New Guinea. Fisheries observers collected data on shark catches from a total of 318 longline sets between May and June 2014, before its closure in July 2014. In all, 14694 sharks were recorded with a total estimated biomass of 439 tonnes (Mg). Eighteen species of sharks were recorded in the observer data, with the most dominant species being Carcharhinus falciformis, which constituted more than 90% of the total catches by both weight and number of individuals. The level of observer misidentification was low (<10%), which reflected the use of region-specific identification guides by well-trained fisheries observers. The most diverse catches were in the Solomon Sea area, whereas catches in most other areas, particularly the Bismarck Sea areas, were less diverse and more strongly dominated by C. falciformis. Size and sex ratios varied by species, highlighting the importance of obtaining species-level information from the fishery being investigated. Any consideration by fisheries managers to reopen this fishery needs to consider the effect this will have on the species targeted and the livelihoods of coastal fishers who also rely on the same resources.
Maizesugary enhancer1(se1) is a gene affecting endosperm starch metabolism
Authors: Zhang Xia , Mogel Karl J. Haro von , Lor Vai S. , Hirsch Candice N. , De Vries Brian , Kaeppler Heidi F. , Tracy William F. , Kaeppler Shawn M.
Published: September 2019

sugary enhancer1(se1) is a naturally occurring mutant allele involved in starch metabolism in maize endosperm. It is a recessive modifier ofsugary1(su1) and commercially important in modern sweet corn breeding, but its molecular identity and mode of action remain unknown. Here, we developed a pair of near-isogenic lines, W822Gse (su1-ref/su1-ref se1/se1) and W822GSe (su1-ref/su1-ref Se1/Se1), that Mendelize these1phenotype in ansu1-refbackground. W822Gse kernels have lower starch and higher water soluble polysaccharide and sugars than W822GSe kernels. Using high-resolution genetic mapping, we found that wild-typeSe1is a gene Zm00001d007657 on chromosome 2 and a deletion of this gene causes these1phenotype. Comparative metabolic profiling of seed tissue between these 2 isolines revealed the remarkable difference in carbohydrate metabolism, with sucrose and maltose highly accumulated in the mutant.Se1is predominantly expressed in the endosperm, with low expression in leaf and root tissues. Differential expression analysis identified genes enriched in both starch biosynthesis and degradation processes, indicating a pleiotropic regulatory effect ofse1. Repressed expression ofSe1 and Su1in RNA interference-mediated transgenic maize validates that deletion of the gene identified asSe1is a true causal gene responsible for these1phenotype. The findings contribute to our understanding of starch metabolism in cereal crops.
CRIF1 as a potential target to improve the radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma
Authors: Ran Qian , Jin Feng , Xiang Yang , Xiang Lixin , Wang Qiushi , Li Fengjie , Chen Li , Zhang Yuan , Wu Chun , Zhou Luping , Xiao Yanni , Chen Lili , Wu Jiang , Zhong Jiang F. , Li Shengwen Calvin , Li Zhongjun
Published: September 2019

Significance

The mechanism of radioresistance in osteosarcoma is unknown. We analyze osteosarcoma patient tissues, combine in vitro and in vivo mouse osteosarcoma models, and determine that CR6-interacting factor-1 (CRIF1) drives radioresistance by regulating the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). After ionizing radiation, CRIF1 promotes CDK2 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation on T14/T160, facilitating G1/S checkpoint activation and DNA damage repair. CRIF1 knockdown enhances the radiosensitivity of osteosarcoma in both in vitro and xenograft models. Our study sheds light on the role of tumor-specific biomarkers in identifying a therapeutic window to overcome radioresistance of osteosarcoma, pointing out a way to precision medicine for a particular patient.
What is Germanic and what is not about Old French V2
Authors: Klævik-Pettersen Espen
Published: September 2019

Old French is considered by many to have been a verb-second (V2) language. Furthermore, 13th century Old French featured a V2 system with strong restrictions on the prefield, meaning only a single constituent was generally accepted to the left of the finite verb. This bears a strong resemblance to the pattern found in the Modern Germanic V2 languages and has occasionally given rise to suggestions that V2 was a Germanic property inherited from the language of the Franks. In this paper, a concrete hypothesis is developed for the diachronic evolution of Old French V2 from Late Latin. It is argued that the hypothesis of Germanic influence is not necessarily incorrect, but too simplistic, as the two synchronic components of the Old French V2 construction -namely V-to-C movement and restrictions on the prefield – most likely have their own and independent diachronies as well. Comparative and historical evidence is presented to show that V-to-C movement is very unlikely to have been a product of Germanic influence and should rather be considered an internal development from Latin. As for the restricted prefield (so-called ‘linear V2’), the scarcity or even absence of evidence does not allow firm conclusions, but some general theoretical insights from the literature on language change and second language acquisition combine to make the idea of Germanic influence quite plausible.
Heavy radioactive and trans-lanthanide elements in the geothermal microecology of the Los Azufres volcanic complex
Authors: Abuhani Waleed A , Dasgupta-Schubert Nabanita , Manuel Villaseñor Cendejas Luis , Alexander Steven A. , Landsberger Sheldon
Published: September 2019

The distribution of the heavy metals 80Hg, 82Pb, 90Th and 92U in the biogeochemical microcosm of three geo and hydro thermal sites of the Los Azufres volcanic complex have been determined by the nuclear analytical techniques of Polarised Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometry and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis. We have shown that the sites chosen can be considered to be ‘real-time’ natural laboratories to simulate the Ordovician-Devonian periods. We observe that (1) the primitive, extremophilic plants of the fumaroles – the mosses and ferns – are efficient agents of pedogenesis; (2) that their rhizospheric soil retains more heavy metal than the hydrothermal sediments. The former implies that large-scale photosynthesis and the consequent burial of soil organic carbon could have substantially contributed to the late-Ordovician climate cooling by CO2 draw-down, and the latter, that dissolved heavy metals in the hydrothermal seas could have been one of the reasons for the marine extinction of that period. This ‘holistic’ approach at simulating the Paleozoic environment differs from extant purely laboratory-based studies. However, it corroborates the findings of some earlier works.