bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paroxysmal Nonepileptic Events in Glut1 Deficiency
Authors: Klepper Joerg , Leiendecker Baerbel , Eltze Christin , Heussinger Nicole
Published: July 2016

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Movement disorders are a major feature of Glut1 deficiency. As recently identified in adults with paroxysmal exercise‐induced dystonia, similar events were reported in pediatric Glut1 deficiency. In a case series, parent videos of regular motor state and paroxysmal events were requested from children with Glut1 deficiency on clinical follow‐up. A questionnaire was sent out to 60 families. Videos of nonparoxysmal/paroxysmal states in 3 children illustrated the ataxic‐dystonic, choreatiform, and dyskinetic‐dystonic nature of paroxysmal events. Fifty‐six evaluated questionnaires confirmed this observation in 73% of patients. Events appeared to increase with age, were triggered by low ketosis, sleep deprivation, and physical exercise, and unrelated to sex, hypoglycorrhachia, SLC2A1 mutations, or type of ketogenic diet. We conclude that paroxysmal events are a major clinical feature in Glut1 deficieny, linking the pediatric disease to adult Glut1D‐associated exercise‐induced paroxysmal dyskinesias.
A casein hydrolysate protects mice against high fat diet induced hyperglycemia by attenuating NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated inflammation and improving insulin signaling
Authors: Healy Niamh P. , Kirwan Anna M. , McArdle Maeve A. , Holohan Kieran , Nongonierma Alice B. , Keane Deirdre , Kelly Stacey , Celkova Lucia , Lyons Claire L. , McGillicuddy Fiona C , Finucane Orla M , Murray Brian A. , Kelly Philip M. , Brennan Lorraine , FitzGerald Richard J. , Roche Helen M.
Published: July 2016

Scope

Activation of the nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is required for IL‐1β release and is a key component of obesity‐induced inflammation and insulin resistance. This study hypothesized that supplementation with a casein hydrolysate (CH) would attenuate NLRP3 inflammasome mediated IL‐1β secretion in adipose tissue (AT) and improve obesity‐induced insulin resistance.

Methods and results

J774.2 macrophages were LPS primed (10 ng/mL) and stimulated with adenosine triphosphate (5 mM) to assess NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Pretreatment with CH (1 mg/mL; 48 h) reduced caspase‐1 activity and decreased IL‐1β secretion from J774.2 macrophages in vitro. 3T3‐L1 adipocytes cultured with conditioned media from CH‐pretreated J774.2 macrophages demonstrated increased phosphorylated (p)AKT expression and improved insulin sensitivity. C57BL/6JOLaHsd mice were fed chow or high fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk ± CH resuspended in water (0.5% w/v). CH supplementation improved glucose tolerance in HFD‐fed mice as determined by glucose tolerance test. CH supplementation increased insulin‐stimulated pAKT protein levels in AT, liver, and muscle after HFD. Cytokine secretion was measured from AT and isolated bone marrow macrophages cultured ex vivo. CH supplementation attenuated IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and IL‐6 secretion from AT and IL‐1β, IL‐18, and TNF‐α from bone marrow macrophages following adenosine triphosphate stimulation ex vivo.

Conclusion

This novel CH partially protects mice against obesity‐induced hyperglycemia coincident with attenuated IL‐1β secretion and improved insulin signaling.
Effects of melatonin on follicular atresia and granulosa cell apoptosis in the porcine
Authors: He Yamei , Deng Honghui , Jiang Zhongliang , Li Qingwang , Shi Meihong , Chen Huali , Han Zengsheng
Published: July 2016

The accumulation of reactive oxygen species is detrimental to the health of the ovarian follicle. The protective, antioxidant properties of melatonin, an endogenous component of porcine follicular fluid, on apoptosis of granulosa cells were evaluated in this study. Porcine granulosa cells from medium‐sized (3–5 mm), healthy follicles were cultured in serum‐free conditions with melatonin (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10, and 100 ng/mL) with or without its receptor antagonist, luzindole, followed by evaluation of apoptotic markers in the treated cells. Results revealed that endogenous, intrafollicular melatonin concentration decreased as follicular atresia progressed, whereas the percentage of apoptotic granulosa cells increased. Spontaneous apoptosis of granulosa cells, triggered by serum deprivation in vitro, was remarkably blocked by melatonin (1.0 ng/mL melatonin, 32.7 ± 0.5%, vs. control, 47.0 ± 1.0%; P < 0.05). Treatment with 1.0 ng/mL of melatonin also significantly elevated MT2, SOD1, and GPX4 while lowering FASL, CHOP, and GRP78 mRNA abundance compared to the untreated control. The anti‐apoptotic effect and some changes of apoptotic‐relevant genes in granulosa cells invoked by melatonin supplementation were markedly blocked by luzindole, suggesting that melatonin could prevent the apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells during follicular atresia via its membrane receptors and its free‐radical‐scavenging activity. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of melatonin in follicular atresia‐related functions. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 692–700, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of urethral wall injection of replication‐defective herpes simplex virus‐mediated gene transfer of kynurenine aminotransferase on urethral pressure in spinal cord‐injured rats
Authors: Wang Zhaoxia , Liao Limin
Published: July 2016

Aims

We determined whether or not replication‐defective herpes simplex virus vector‐mediated kynurenine aminotransferase II (HSVrd‐KAT II) suppressed the tonic activity of the urethral sphincter in spinal cord‐injured (SCI) rats.

Methods

Thirty‐six adult female Sprague‐Dawley rats were used to produce a spinal cord injury model. One week after spinalization, HSVrd‐KAT II was injected into the urethral wall of rats and another two groups of SCI rats were treated with saline and HSVrd as controls. Three weeks after viral injection, the urethral pressure profile (UPP), continuous cystometry, and gene expression in the L6‐S1 spinal cords were evaluated in all three groups.

Results

In the HSVrd‐KAT II group, the maximum urethral closure pressure (Pclo.max) and maximum voiding pressure were significantly decreased (23.6–24.9% and 31.6–30.9%, respectively), in addition to an increase in voiding efficiency(48.8–76%), compared with the sham and HSVrd groups. The KAT II protein and mRNA levels were significantly increased in HSV‐KAT II group compared with the HSVrd group.

Conclusion

KAT II gene therapy effectively reduced the urethral pressure, improving detrusor‐sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), and detrusor overactivity (DO), probably by blocking the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAr) in the L6‐S1 spinal cord. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1046–1051, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PEBA/PVDF blend pervaporation membranes: preparation and performance
Authors: Soloukipour Samaneh , Saljoughi Ehsan , Mousavi Seyed Mahmoud , Pourafshari Chenar Mahdi
Published: July 2016

In the present research, novel polyether block amide (PEBA)/polyvinyldene fluoride (PVDF) blend pervaporation (PV) membranes were prepared for the removal of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) from the aqueous solution. The membranes obtained at PEBA/PVDF ratios of 100/0, 95/5, and 90/10 were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, water contact angle measurement, and tensile test. Moreover, the PV performance of the membranes was assessed via separation of IPA from the aqueous solution. The blended membranes exhibited higher hydrophobicity and separation factor as well as lower permeability in comparison with the pure PEBA membrane. The blended membrane that was prepared at PEBA/PVDF ratio of 95/5 was found as the optimum membrane providing PV separation index of 3171 that appeared to be the maximum value. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facial manifestations of Epstein–Barr virus‐related lymphoproliferative disease in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission: Two atypical presentations
Authors: Lu Benjamin Y. , Kojima Lisa , Huang Mary S. , Friedmann Alison M. , Ferry Judith A. , Weinstein Howard J.
Published: July 2016

Epstein–Barr virus‐related lymphoproliferative disease (EBV‐LPD) rarely occurs in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), who have not received hematopoietic transplantation. We describe EBV‐LPD manifesting as facial lesions in two children with ALL in remission. One patient was a 16‐year‐old male with T‐cell ALL with an EBV‐positive angiocentric polymorphous lip lesion presenting as right‐sided facial swelling. The other patient was a 12‐year‐old male with B‐cell ALL with an EBV‐positive polymorphous lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate presenting as bilateral dacryoadenitis. Neither patient had known primary immunodeficiencies. Both cases improved with immunosuppressant de‐escalation. These cases suggest that immunosuppression induced by maintenance chemotherapy is sufficient to promote EBV‐LPD.
Preparation of PANI grafted at the edge of graphene oxide sheets and its adsorption of Pb(II) and methylene blue
Authors: Yang Yongfang , Wang Wenjie , Li Mao , Wang Hefang , Zhao Meng , Wang Cunyue
Published: July 2016

Polyaniline (PANI) chains were grafted at the edge of graphene oxide (GO) sheets by in situ chemical oxidation polymerization with the p‐phenylenediamine attached to GO sheets as anchor sites. The structure and morphology of the GO‐PANI composite were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The GO‐PANI were used to adsorb Pb(II) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The results showed that the adsorption kinetics and isotherms followed pseudo‐second‐order and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. GO‐PANI exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II) (1416 mg/g) compared with other absorbents. The process of adsorption for Pb(II) onto GO‐PANI is spontaneous and endothermic at 288, 298, and 308 K. In mixed system, the adsorption capacity for MB and Pb(II) onto PANI‐GO achieved 544 and 1004 mg/g, respectively. This study provides a promising PANI‐GO composites with an efficient adsorption property for MB and Pb(II). POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1663–1673, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influence of nanoclay on mechanical and thermal properties of glass fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Senthil Kumar M. S. , Mohana Sundara Raju N. , Sampath P. S. , Chithirai Pon Selvan M.
Published: July 2016

A novel approach was carried out to evaluate the effects of nanoclay in nanocomposite laminates based on mechanical properties, thermal analysis, and surface structure analysis. The composite panel was fabricated by reinforcing glass fiber with epoxy resin. Likewise, nanocomposite panels were fabricated by reinforcing glass fiber with nanoclay loaded epoxy. The loading of Cloisite 25A nanoclay in epoxy resin is varied as 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% on weight basis. Upon completion of curing, the composite panel and nanocomposite panels were fabricated by using compression molding. The tensile test exhibited that the addition of nanoclay in epoxy resin has improved the tensile strength and Young's modulus by 33.39% and 15.88%, respectively for 2 wt% clay loading laminates than unfilled laminate. Likewise, the greater flexural strength of 438.04 MPa and flexural modulus of 22.12 GPa were attained for 2 wt% nanoclay/epoxy nanocomposite. The thermal results disclosed that greater thermal stability was attained between temperatures ranges from 0°C to 180°C for low clay content. The surface morphology too proved that the prepared laminates of 2 wt% loading exhibited appreciable surface property. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:1861–1868, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Prenatal observation of nystagmus, cataracts, and brain abnormalities in a case of Zellweger spectrum disorder syndrome
Authors: Shen Ori , Michaelson‐Cohen Rachel , Gross‐Tsur Varda , Eilat Avital , Yanai Nili , Green Tamar , Rabinowitz Ron , Meiner Vardiella
Published: July 2016

What's Already Known About This Topic?

Zellweger syndrome is a severe autosomal recessive disease rarely diagnosed prenatally.

What Does This Study Add?

This is the first report of nystagmus diagnosed on prenatal ultrasound and the first report on fetal ocular abnormalities associated with Zellweger syndrome.
Nasal high flow nebulization in infants and toddlers: An in vitro and in vivo scintigraphic study
Authors: Réminiac François , Vecellio Laurent , Loughlin Ronan Mac , Le Pennec Deborah , Cabrera Maria , Vourc'h Nathalie Heuzé , Fink James B. , Ehrmann Stephan
Published: July 2016

Aerosol therapy in infants and toddlers is challenging. Nebulization within a nasal high flow (NHF) circuit is attractive. The aim of this study was to quantify aerosol lung deposition when combined with NHF as compared with standard practice. Lung doses were measured scintigraphically after nebulization with jet and mesh nebulizer placed within a NHF circuit in a spontaneously breathing non‐human primate model (macaque) and in the anatomical bench SAINT model, respectively representing a full‐term newborn and a 9‐month‐old toddler. In the SAINT model, lung depositions observed with the mesh nebulizer placed in the NHF circuit set at 2 and 4 L/min were 3.3% and 4.2% of the nebulizer charge, respectively, and similar to the 1.70% observed with the control standard facemask jet nebulization (6 L/min flow). In the macaque model, the depositions observed with the mesh nebulizer in the NHF circuit set at 2 and 4 L/min were 0.49% and 0.85%, respectively, also similar to the control measurement (0.71%). Mesh nebulization within a NHF circuit set at 8 L/min and jet nebulization either within a NHF circuit or placed on top of the cannula (NHF set at 2 L/min; total flow of 8 L/min), resulted in a significantly lower lung depositions. Mesh nebulization within a NHF circuit delivering up to 4 L/min gas is likely to be at least as effective than jet nebulization with a facemask in infants and toddlers. Aerosol facemask placement on top of cannulas or jet nebulization within the NHF circuit may be less effective. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:337–344. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computation modeling as a tool for the exploration of complex multistep reaction cycles in homogeneous catalysis. Some selected examples in the framework of the use of hydrogen as a fuel of the future
Authors: Sicilia Emilia
Published: July 2016

Computational modeling methods play a prominent role in the field of homogeneous catalysis given that reaction cycles tend to be multistep complicated processes, where the active catalytic species or intermediates are challenging or impractical to study via experimental approaches. At the same time, as such processes are purely molecular, modeling is viable even if very often computationally costly. The possibility to equally well access stable experimentally observable catalytic intermediates and short‐life inaccessible species, such as high energy intermediates and, especially, transition states allows exploring and unraveling complete reaction mechanisms. The quantum mechanical description of intricate catalytic cycles is discussed here for three homogeneous catalytic systems all focused on the use of hydrogen as a potential zero‐emission energy carrier for the future.
Development of a high‐throughput mass spectrometry based analytical method to support an in vitro OATP1B1 inhibition screening assay
Authors: Wagner Andrew D. , Elkin Lisa , Mosure Kathy , Gallagher Lizbeth , Stavola Lindsey K. , Soars Matthew G. , Shou Wilson
Published: July 2016

Rationale

It is well known that the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) plays a major role in the hepatic uptake of a range of drugs. To this end, it is pivotal that the potential for new molecular entities (NMEs) to inhibit OATP1B1 activity be assessed during early drug discovery. The work reported herein describes the development of a high‐throughput analytical method to measure the clinically relevant probe substrate, pitavastatin, for the in vitro assessment of OATP1B1 inhibition.

Methods

Development of an analytical method capable of very fast throughput was crucial for the success of this assay and was accomplished using a system which combines direct, on‐line solid‐phase extraction (SPE) with highly sensitive, label‐free tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)‐based detection. Mass spectrometry analysis of pitavastatin, along with the stable isotopically labeled internal standard d5‐pitavastatin, was conducted using positive electrospray ionization (ESI) in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode.

Results

The on‐line SPE‐MS/MS platform demonstrated similar sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, linearity and robustness to existing methodologies while achieving analytical cycle times of 10.4 seconds per well. Sensitivity exceeded what was necessary for our assay conditions, with a determined lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for pitavastatin of 10 pM (picomolar) in assay matrix. Furthermore, the potency of multiple reference compounds was shown to be within 2‐fold of IC50 values generated from liquid chromatography (LC)/MS/MS‐based literature values.

Conclusions

A very fast and robust analytical method was successfully developed for the measurement of the clinically relevant OATP1B1 substrate, pitavastatin. The successful development and implementation of this very important early liability screen has helped to facilitate judicious lead candidate progression and will ultimately help build a greater understanding of OATP1B1‐NME interactions, in general. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Comparison of Main and Side Channel Physical and Water Quality Metrics and Habitat Complexity in the Middle Mississippi River
Authors: Sobotka M. J. , Phelps Q. E.
Published: July 2016

Worldwide large rivers have been severely modified by human intervention. Many modifications result in disconnection of the river from floodplain and off‐channel habitats generally characterized by lower velocities and Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. shallower depths relative to the main channel, conditions vital to many organisms. Extensive levees on the Middle Mississippi River (MMR) have cut off backwater systems and disconnected the river from 80% of its floodplain. However, the system is characterized by large side channels associated with islands. We examined a long term data set for differences in physical (e.g. depth and velocity) and water quality metrics (e.g. temperature, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll, % organic matter) between the main and side channels of a 128‐km reach of the MMR. We compared variability between main and side channels using the coefficient of variation (COV). All metrics differed between habitats. Side channels were shallower with lower velocities and had greater mean and COV of % organic matter and more variable dissolved oxygen concentrations. Velocity, temperature, and suspended solids were similar in the spring. COVs were lowest in both habitats during the spring for all metrics except temperature and DO. Resource management in the MMR tends to focus on maintaining existing side channels because of the difficulty of working in the heavily used navigation channel. This study shows that these actions protect areas that function differently than the main channel for most of the year. However, our results also highlight the need for restoration activities aimed at restoring floodplain connectivity, especially during the spring. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural study on the interactions of oxaliplatin and linear DNA
Authors: Zou Yongpeng , Biao Linhai , Xu Fengjie , Liu Ruisi , Liu Zhiguo , Fu Yujie
Published: July 2016

Damage to cellular DNA is believed to determine the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin. However, high resolution structures formed by oxaliplatin and different linear DNA remain unclear. This study characterized, the key structures of different linear DNA in the platination process by UV absorption spectra and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Bathochromic shift and hyperchromicity in UV spectra after addition of oxaliplatin revealed that it can disrupt base stacking of DNA in the platination process. AFM results of different linear DNA indicated that, the platination process can induce DNA change from an extended conformation to the network structure with many kinks and finally to the compact particles, or toroids with increasing the incubation time. All AFM results confirmed that, platination of different linear DNA by oxaliplatin is a time depended process. The present AFM results provide, structural evidence about the interactions between oxaliplatin and different linear DNA containing multiple targets. SCANNING 38:880–888, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How Do Undergraduate Students Conceptualize Acid–Base Chemistry? Measurement of a Concept Progression
Authors: ROMINE WILLIAM L. , TODD AMBER N. , CLARK TRAVIS B.
Published: July 2016

We developed and validated a new instrument, calledMeasuring Concept progressions in Acid–Base chemistry(MCAB) and used it to better understand the progression of undergraduate students’ understandings about acid–base chemistry. Items were developed based on an existing learning progression for acid–base chemistry. We used the Rasch rating scale model for validation and to gain understanding of how students at different ability levels conceptualize the topic. We then used latent class analysis (LCA) to place students into concept classes. We found that three concept classes were sufficient to describe students’ various response patterns and that these concept classes described a progression of understanding related to acid–base chemistry. All items fit well with the Rasch model. The final 33‐item instrument measured students along a continuous scale with a reliability of 0.74 and categorized students with a precision of 0.89. All students possessed nonscientific understandings of pH and the pH scale. However, even the most novice students displayed basic scientific understandings about how acid–base indicators work and the Arrhenius model of acids and bases. We discuss the utility of Rasch and LCA procedures for analysis of learning progression‐based assessments and suggest a simple algorithm that can be used to help chemistry instructors diagnose students’ misconceptions.
Participant perceptions of Range Rider Programs operating to mitigate wolf–livestock conflicts in the western United States
Authors: Parks Molly , Messmer Terry
Published: July 2016

As gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations have expanded in the western United States, wolf depredation of domestic livestock has increased. Concomitantly, wildlife managers are seeking management tools to mitigate wolf–livestock conflicts and enhance stakeholder support for conservation efforts. Range Rider Programs (RRPs) have emerged as a nonlethal management strategy that advocates the use of increased human surveillance of livestock herds in areas occupied by wolves to reduce wolf–livestock conflicts. However, little information is available about the scope of contemporary northern Rocky Mountain (NRM) RRPs or participant perceptions about the potential for the programs to mitigate these conflicts. We conducted semistructured phone and personal interviews with 51 participants from 17 RRPs in Montana, Oregon, and Washington during January to April 2014 and October 2014 to January 2015 to develop a typology of NRM RRPs and assess participant perceptions of current programs. Although the RRPs we studied varied in context, program focus, and scale, they shared similar organizational components that included a sponsor; collaboration among several organizations; a funding mechanism; a structure that included a supervisor, the landowner(s), and the range rider(s); and a mechanism for stakeholder feedback. We identified 3 unique RRP versions based on the primary focus of the programs: 1) livestock monitoring, 2) wolf surveillance, and 3) livestock herding. Although participants identified a number of benefits (e.g., increased information about wolf activity, extra herd supervision, rapid carcass identification), they also identified challenges that affected program sustainability. Challenges pertaining to trust and open communication were inherent in several programs; however, the lack of stable funding was viewed as a major threat to program sustainability. The final challenge to RRPs’ sustainability was the largely unproven success of this strategy. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Addressing variability in estuarine food density for American black ducks
Authors: Goldstein Marissa , Williams Christopher K. , Castelli Paul. M. , Duren Kenneth R.
Published: July 2016

Habitat limitation and availability of food energy may be the cause of decline in American black duck (Anas rubripes) populations. Estimating food availability is a critical step in developing winter carrying‐capacity estimates for black ducks. Recent research has estimated the biomass and energy supply of winter black duck foods in coastal marshes using a single‐core sampling method, but estimates had large variability. We tested whether taking bulk core samples (i.e., homogenizing multiple core samples and subsampling a single core from it) at the same location (vs. a single core sample) would alter the mean and variance in food estimates in 7 different landscape–vegetation types (hereafter, habitat types: mudflat, subtidal, low marsh, high marsh, quasi‐tidal pools, a tidal impoundment, and a freshwater impoundment) in coastal New Jersey, USA, during 2011. In all but one habitat type, there were no differences in the mean biomass or the mean energy density estimates for the single core samples and the bulk core samples, across all food types. Variance was reduced in subtidal and quasi‐tidal pool habitats, but variance increased in tidal impoundments. Assessing time and cost‐efficiency of bulk samples over single samples, cost per sample increased 4–12%/core. Because we observed little difference in food biomass, energy, and their respective variance estimates between single and bulk methods, while recording a slightly greater cost, we recommend researchers use the single‐core sampling method to save both time and money. Further reductions in variance will likely need to be achieved through increased sample sizes. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Does operative fixation affect outcomes of displaced medial epicondyle fractures?
Authors: Stepanovich Matthew , Bastrom Tracey P. , Munch John , Roocroft Joanna H. , Edmonds Eric W. , Pennock Andrew T.
Published: July 2016

Purpose

Long-term functional results remain equivocal between operative fixation and closed management of displaced humeral medial epicondyle fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a functional difference exists between treatment types.

Methods

One hundred and forty patients with a displaced medial epicondyle fracture between 2007 and 2014 met the inclusion criteria. Of this large cohort, only 12 patients agreed to return to clinic at a mean follow-up of 3 years for prospective evaluation. Data collection included radiographs, physical examination, validated outcome tools, and grip strength testing with a Jamar dynamometer.

Results

Both groups were comparable with regard to age, dominant side injured, length of follow-up, preinjury sports involvement, and initial displacement (10 mm operative vs. 9 mm nonoperative); however, half of the surgical group presented with an associated unreduced elbow dislocation versus 0 % in the nonoperative group. Both treatment methods resulted in high patient satisfaction and elbow function scores. There were four osseous nonunions (67 %) and one malunion (17 %) in the nonoperative group versus none in the operative group ( p = 0.015). Patients treated nonoperatively had a nonsignificant decrease in grip strength (9 ± 6 lbs) as compared to operative patients (6 ± 5 lbs, medium effect size eta = 0.25, p = 0.25).

Conclusions

In this small cohort, operative management of displaced medial epicondyle fractures resulted in a higher rate of fracture union and return to sports. Other objective and subjective measures were similar between the two treatment groups.
An empirical application of the EVA® framework to business cycles
Authors: Cachanosky Nicolás , Lewin Peter
Published: July 2016

Following financial concepts like duration and economic value added (EVA®) we estimate the impact of interest rate movements on firms that are more and less roundabout. We find that firms that are more roundabout, that is, work with expected cash‐flows with higher duration, are more sensitive to interest rate movements. To the extent that monetary policy is able to move the discount rate used by investors, monetary policy changes the relative present value of any investment project and therefore affects resource allocation. We show evidence that this effect is present in the U.S. in the years prior to the subprime crisis.
Women’s Issues and Their Fates in the US Congress
Authors: Volden Craig , Wiseman Alan E. , Wittmer Dana E.
Published: July 2016

Significant scholarship indicates that female legislators focus their attention on “women’s issues” to a greater extent than do male lawmakers. Drawing on over 40 years of bill sponsorship data from the US House of Representatives, we define women’s issues in terms of those sponsored at a greater rate by women in Congress. Our analysis reveals that most (but not all) of the classically considered women’s issues are indeed raised at an enhanced rate by congresswomen. We then track the fate of those issues. While 4 percent of all bills become law, that rate drops to 2 percent for women’s issues and to only 1 percent for women’s issue bills sponsored by women themselves. This pattern persists over time—from the early 1970s through today—and upon controlling for other factors that influence bills success rates. We link the bias against women’s issues to the committee process, and suggest several avenues for further research.
Some alternative approaches in spatial modelling
Authors: Ord Keith
Published: July 2016

The paper explores three different aspects of spatial modelling for systems in statistical equilibrium; that is, systems which are both mean and covariance stationary. Attention is primarily directed at models relating to observations for a single time period.
Identification and estimation of dynamic space-time forecasting models
Authors: Martin Ronald
Published: July 2016

This paper is concerned with the identification and estimation of dynamic space-time models for the evolution of a single random variable Y across space and through time. Suppose Y takes on values yit for each geographic zone i = 1, …, n in successive time periods t = 1, …, T.
The deterministic spread of an epidemic
Authors: Daniels H. E.
Published: July 2016

An approximation technique is described for studying the deterministic spread of an epidemic which yields the correct critical velocity, unlike the diffusion approximation. Travelling waves and the spread from an isolated infective are discussed for the simple epidemic, and the work on travelling waves is extended to the general closed epidemic.
Stochastic ergodicity of population age structure
Authors: Cohen Joel E.
Published: July 2016

This paper (Cohen (1975)) establishes a new class of ergodicity theorems for the age structure of populations, and proposes applications.
Can the International Criminal Court Deter Atrocity?
Authors: Jo Hyeran , Simmons Beth A.
Published: July 2016

Whether and how violence can be controlled to spare innocent lives is a central issue in international relations. The most ambitious effort to date has been the International Criminal Court (ICC), designed to enhance security and safety by preventing egregious human rights abuses and deterring international crimes. We offer the first systematic assessment of the ICC's deterrent effects for both state and nonstate actors. Although no institution can deter all actors, the ICC can deter some governments and those rebel groups that seek legitimacy. We find support for this conditional impact of the ICC cross-nationally. Our work has implications for the study of international relations and institutions, and supports the violence-reducing role of pursuing justice in international affairs.
Another look at Hume's treatment of the argument from design in theNatural History of Religion
Authors: KELAHAN EMILY
Published: July 2016

This article argues that Hume's seemingly peculiar treatment of the argument from design in hisNatural History of Religionis not indicative of a radical, or even modest, shift in his overall epistemic evaluation of it. His focus is on the argument's impact on the psychology of religious believers, and not its rational acceptability. Hume never strays far from his stated intention for the work, to engage in a socio-psychological analysis of the nature of religious belief, including a thorough assessment of the role of the argument from design. Hume concludes that the argument is inconsequential to religious belief formation.
America's Debate over the Rise of China
Authors: Garver John W.
Published: July 2016

The rapid growth of China's power combined with the intensification of rivalry between the United States and China over the past several years has triggered a re-thinking of US policy toward the rise of China. America's traditional policy of supporting China's rise as a rich, strong and peaceful country in hopes of building a cooperative and generally friendly relation with China over the long term, is being called into question. Critics charge that that traditional policy is backfiring, playing into Beijing's wiles and producing a China so powerful it could well become the greatest challenge to the United States in its history. Other analysts offer a less jaundiced view of China, but all manifest apprehension over whether China will use its growing power to challenge the US. Earlier iterations of a similar debate have come and gone, but the closing distance between US and Chinese military, economic and technological power has brought this debate much closer to the US mainstream. Indeed, one or two of these books may represent the mainstream of US thinking. Together, the four books lay out the topography of the US debate.
Synthesis and crystal structure refinement of new perovskite oxides, Dy0.55Sr0.45Mn1−xFexO3 (x = 0.0 and 0.2) from X-ray powder diffraction data
Authors: Yadagiri K. , Nithya R.
Published: July 2016

Polycrystalline compounds of Dy0.55Sr0.45Mn1−xFexO3 (x = 0.0 and 0.20) were synthesized using ceramic method and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction technique using CuKα (1.5406 Å) radiation at room temperature. All the diffraction peaks were indexed to an orthorhombic cell with space group Pnma (#62). Whole powder diffraction profile refinement was performed using GSAS package.
DIRECT EXPRESSION OF INCOMPATIBILITY IN CURVILINEAR SYSTEMS
Authors: VAN GOETHEM NICOLAS
Published: July 2016

We would like to present a method to compute the incompatibility operator in any system of curvilinear coordinates (components). The procedure is independent of the metric in the sense that the expression can be obtained by means of the basis vectors only, which are first defined as normal or tangential to the domain boundary, and then extended to the whole domain. It is an intrinsic method, to some extent, since the chosen curvilinear system depends solely on the geometry of the domain boundary. As an application, the in-extenso expression of incompatibility in a spherical system is given.
METRIC REGULARITY—A SURVEY PART II. APPLICATIONS
Authors: IOFFE A. D.
Published: July 2016

Metric regularity theory lies in the very heart of variational analysis, a relatively new discipline whose appearance was, to a large extent, determined by the needs of modern optimization theory in which such phenomena as nondifferentiability and set-valued mappings naturally appear. The roots of the theory go back to such fundamental results of the classical analysis as the implicit function theorem, Sard theorem and some others. The paper offers a survey of the state of the art of some principal parts of the theory along with a variety of its applications in analysis and optimization.
RADII OF HARMONIC MAPPINGS IN THE PLANE
Authors: LONG BO-YONG , HUANG HUA-YING
Published: July 2016

In this paper, for the convolution and convex combination of harmonic mappings, the radii of univalence, full convexity and starlikeness of order $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$ are explored. All results are sharp. By way of application, the univalent radius and the Bloch constant of the convolution of two bounded harmonic mappings are obtained.
GROWTHS OF ENDOMORPHISMS OF FINITELY GENERATED SEMIGROUPS
Authors: CAIN ALAN J. , MALTCEV VICTOR
Published: July 2016

This paper studies the growths of endomorphisms of finitely generated semigroups. The growth is a certain dynamical characteristic describing how iterations of the endomorphism ‘stretch’ balls in the Cayley graph of the semigroup. We make a detailed study of the relation of the growth of an endomorphism of a finitely generated semigroup and the growth of the restrictions of the endomorphism to finitely generated invariant subsemigroups. We also study the possible values endomorphism growths can attain. We show the role of linear algebra in calculating the growths of endomorphisms of homogeneous semigroups. Proofs are a mixture of syntactic algebraic rewriting techniques and analytical tricks. We state various problems and suggestions for future research.
‘POSITIVELY HOMOGENEOUS LATTICE HOMOMORPHISMS BETWEEN RIESZ SPACES NEED NOT BE LINEAR’
Authors: BEN AMOR FETHI
Published: July 2016

This note furnishes an example showing that the main result (Theorem 4) in Toumi [‘When lattice homomorphisms of Archimedean vector lattices are Riesz homomorphisms’, J. Aust. Math. Soc. 87 (2009), 263–273] is false.
Assessing genetic variation for heat stress tolerance in Indian bread wheat genotypes using morpho-physiological traits and molecular markers
Authors: Sharma P. , Sareen S. , Saini M. , Shefali
Published: July 2016

Heat stress greatly limits the productivity of wheat in many regions. Knowledge on the degree of genetic diversity of wheat varieties along with their selective traits will facilitate the development of high yielding, stress-tolerant wheat cultivar. The objective of this study were to determine genetic variation in morpho-physiological traits associated with heat tolerance in 30 diverse wheat genotypes and to examine genetic diversity and relationship among the genotypes varying heat tolerance using molecular markers. Phenotypic data of 15 traits were evaluated for heat tolerance under non-stress and stress conditions for two consecutive years. A positive and significant correlation among cell membrane stability, canopy temperature depression, biomass, susceptibility index and grain yield was shown. Genetic diversity assessed by 41 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was compared with diversity evaluated for 15 phenotypic traits averaged over stress and non-stress field conditions. The mean polymorphic information content for SSR value was 0.38 with range of 0.12–0.75. Based on morpho-physiological traits and genotypic data, three groups were obtained based on their tolerance (HHT, MHT and LHT) levels. Analysis of molecular variance explained 91.7% of the total variation could be due to variance within the heat tolerance genotypes. Genetic diversity among HHT was higher than LHT genotypes and HHT genotypes were distributed among all cluster implied that genetic basis of heat tolerance in these genotypes was different thereby enabling the wheat breeders to combine these diverse sources of genetic variation to improve heat tolerance in wheat breeding programme.
Islam's Political Disadvantage: Corruption and Religiosity in Quetta, Pakistan
Authors: Kalin Michael , Siddiqui Niloufer
Published: July 2016

Religion is often seen as important to voting behavior, particularly in the Islamic world, where personal piety may serve as an informational shortcut to voters otherwise unclear about candidate quality. But how do voters react when nominally pious candidates are alleged to be corrupt? Are pious candidates evaluated differently according to their sectarian affiliations? To investigate the impact of candidate piety and sectarian identity on voter choice, we conducted a survey experiment in Quetta, Balochistan, a region of Pakistan, which has experienced high levels of Sunni-Shia violence. Our results suggest that voters are significantly more punitive of corrupt behavior committed by candidates from sectarian out-groups than those belonging to their religious in-group. Further, we demonstrate that respondents react negatively to information about candidate religiosity, and uncover the existence of a “hypocrisy effect” whereby voters disproportionately punish corrupt candidates purporting to be pious compared to candidates who make no such claims.
Caring for the Elderly But Not for One’s Own Old	Employees?
Authors: Bilinska Paulina , Wegge Jürgen , Kliegel Matthias
Published: July 2016

Abstract. We introduce organizational age climate (OAC) as the employee’s shared perception of age stereotypes within an organization and investigate its association with antecedents of turnover (i.e., turnover intention, organizational identification, and job satisfaction) and negative individual beliefs about older employees. Data from 397 nurses working in 45 German geriatric care units were analyzed within a multilevel design. Results show that more positive OAC is associated with lower levels of turnover intention and higher levels of job satisfaction, even after controlling for the organization’s social climate. Both associations are mediated by organizational identification. Our results show that OAC uniquely contributes to explaining variance in nurses’ turnover intention and thus deserves more attention both in research and practice.
How Managers Respond to Exhausted Employees
Authors: Kranabetter Caroline , Niessen Cornelia
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The purpose of this study is (1) to investigate how managers act in situations when employees are exhausted and (2) to compare these leadership behaviors to more general, context-independent leadership styles (transformational leadership, consideration, initiating structure). Interviews with 48 managers of different industries were used to examine how managers respond to exhausted employees. Based on action regulation theory, interview protocols provided insight into managers’ information collection, planning, execution of actions, and feedback processing when responding to exhausted employees. In addition, context-specific leadership behaviors were identified and compared to prominent leadership styles. Managers highlighted redesigning the task and emotionally supporting the employee as particularly useful in situations when employees are exhausted.
Does Autonomy Increase or Decrease Negative Emotional Displays From Service Workers?
Authors: Smit Brandon W. , Ryan Liam C. , Nelson Courtney A.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. While previous research has examined the consequences of emotional regulation, less research has focused on genuine emotional expressions in the workplace. Two theoretically grounded, yet opposing, hypotheses were tested in a diverse sample of 103 service employees. It was proposed that autonomy could either (a) enhance the number of genuine negative emotional displays in irritable employees, consistent with the behavioral concordance model, or (b) reduce the number of these displays, consistent with the limited capacity model of self-regulation. Moderated hierarchical regression analyses supported the latter hypothesis. For employees with an irritable disposition, autonomy appears to serve as a buffer against job demands, reducing negative emotional expressions. The occupational health implications of a research focus on genuine emotional displays are discussed.
Next-generation sequencing with a myeloid gene panel in core-binding factor AML showed KIT activation loop and TET2 mutations predictive of outcome
Authors: Cher C Y , Leung G M K , Au C H , Chan T L , Ma E S K , Sim J P Y , Gill H , Lie A K W , Liang R , Wong K F , Siu L L P , Tsui C S P , So C C , Wong H W W , Yip S F , Lee H K K , Liu H S Y , Lau J S M , Luk T H , Lau C K , Lin S Y , Kwong Y L , Leung A Y H ,   on behalf of the Hong Kong AML Study Group
Published: July 2016

Clinical outcome and mutations of 96 core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients 18–60 years old were examined. Complete remission (CR) after induction was 94.6%. There was no significant difference in CR, leukemia-free-survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) between t(8;21) (N=67) and inv(16) patients (N=29). Univariate analysis showed hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at CR1 as the only clinical parameter associated with superior LFS. Next-generation sequencing based on a myeloid gene panel was performed in 72 patients. Mutations in genes involved in cell signaling were associated with inferior LFS and OS, whereas those in genes involved in DNA methylation were associated with inferior LFS. KIT activation loop (AL) mutations occurred in 25 patients, and were associated with inferior LFS (P=0.003) and OS (P=0.001). TET2 mutations occurred in 8 patients, and were associated with significantly shorter LFS (P=0.015) but not OS. Patients negative for KIT-AL and TET2 mutations (N=41) had significantly better LFS (P<0.001) and OS (P=0.012) than those positive for both or either mutation. Multivariate analysis showed that KIT-AL and TET2 mutations were associated with inferior LFS, whereas age ⩾40 years and marrow blast ⩾70% were associated with inferior OS. These observations provide new insights that may guide better treatment for this AML subtype.
Platelets and coagulation in infection
Authors: Davis Rachelle P , Miller‐Dorey Sarah , Jenne Craig N
Published: July 2016

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a frequent complication in sepsis that is associated with worse outcomes and higher mortality in patients. In addition to the uncontrolled generation of thrombi throughout the patient's vasculature, DIC often consumes large quantities of clotting factors leaving the patient susceptible to hemorrhaging. Owing to these complications, patients often receive anticoagulants to treat the uncontrolled clotting, often with mixed outcomes. This lack of success with the current array of anticoagulants can be partly explained by the fact that during sepsis clotting is often initiated by the immune system. Systemic inflammation has the capacity to activate and amplify coagulation and, as such, potential therapies for the treatment of sepsis‐associated DIC need to address the interaction between inflammation and coagulation. Recent studies have suggested that platelets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are the key mediators of infection‐induced coagulation. This review explores current anticoagulant therapies and discusses the development of future therapies to target platelet and NET‐mediated coagulation.
Frizzled 7 and PIP2 binding by syntenin PDZ2 domain supports Frizzled 7 trafficking and signalling
Authors: Egea-Jimenez Antonio Luis , Gallardo Rodrigo , Garcia-Pino Abel , Ivarsson Ylva , Wawrzyniak Anna Maria , Kashyap Rudra , Loris Remy , Schymkowitz Joost , Rousseau Frederic , Zimmermann Pascale
Published: July 2016

PDZ domain-containing proteins work as intracellular scaffolds to control spatio-temporal aspects of cell signalling. This function is supported by the ability of their PDZ domains to bind other proteins such as receptors, but also phosphoinositide lipids important for membrane trafficking. Here we report a crystal structure of the syntenin PDZ tandem in complex with the carboxy-terminal fragment of Frizzled 7 and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The crystal structure reveals a tripartite interaction formed via the second PDZ domain of syntenin. Biophysical and biochemical experiments establish co-operative binding of the tripartite complex and identify residues crucial for membrane PIP2-specific recognition. Experiments with cells support the importance of the syntenin–PIP2 interaction for plasma membrane targeting of Frizzled 7 and c-jun phosphorylation. This study contributes to our understanding of the biology of PDZ proteins as key players in membrane compartmentalization and dynamics.