bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photo-induced Manipulation and Relaxation Dynamics of Weyl-semimetals
Authors: Sebesta Jakub , Grånäs Oscar
Published: November 2024

The use of ultrashort laser pulses to manipulate properties or investigate a materials response on femtosecond time-scales enables detailed tracking of charge, spin and lattice degrees of freedom. When pushing the limits of experimental resolution, connection to theoretical modeling becomes increasingly important to infer causality relations. Weyl-semimetals are a particular class of materials of recent focus due to the topological protection of the Weyl-nodes, resulting in a number of fundamentally interesting phenomena. This work provide a first-principles framework based on time-dependent density-functional theory for tracking the distribution of Weyl-nodes in the Brillouin-zone following an excitation by a laser pulse.Investigating the prototype material TaAs, we show that residual shifts in the Weyl-Nodes’ position and energy distribution are induced by a photo-excitation within femto-seconds through band-structure renormalization. Further, we provide an analysis of the relaxation pathway of the photoexcited band-structure through lattice vibrations.
A Consortium of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Plant Growth Promoting Fungi and Mycorrhiza Helper Bacteria to establish a Tripartite interaction as a boon for improvement of plant growth and augmentation of Aloin and Aloe emodin content in Aloe barbadensis Mill.
Authors: DEY SHINJAN , Choudhury Debapriya , Dutta Sikha
Published: November 2024

The use of biofertilizers is increasing as a sustainable alternative to harmful chemical fertilizers in agriculture. Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF), mycorrhizal fungi (VAM), and mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) are known for their ability to enhance plant growth and are now commonly used as biofertilizers. Aloe barbadensis Mill., produces Aloin and Aloe emodin, which have significant pharmaceutical value. Given the global reliance on herbal medicines, this study aimed to develop an effective biofertilizer combination using microbial consortia and assess their impact on the growth and metabolite production of Aloe barbadensis Mill. VAM fungi and PGPF were isolated from the rhizosphere soil, while MHB were isolated from the outer surface of VAM fungal spores. After evaluating plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, one strain each of VAM fungi, PGPF, and MHB were selected. Upon identification, they were identified as Funneliformis mosseae, Aspergillus terreus (MCC 1819), and Bacillus tequilensis (MCC 4174), respectively. Eight different experimental sets were prepared, with results showing that the combination of VAM and MHB significantly enhanced the soil nutrient status and primary growth of the plants. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis further revealed that Aloin was highest in plants treated with VAM and MHB combination, while Aloe emodin was highest in VAM + PGPF set. The combination of VAM and MHB shows strong potential as an effective biofertilizer, meeting the global demand for Aloin and the commercial value of Aloe barbadensis gel. This combination presents a powerful and sustainable strategy for boosting plant growth, offering an eco-friendly solution for advancing future agricultural practices.
Effect of Ivermectin on Scabies: A Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Karakoyun Ömer , Ayhan Erhan , Yıldız İsmail
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ivermectin on scabies, which has recently become widespread at an epidemic level, and was conducted by Dicle University, Department of Dermatology and Venereology. With the results of this study, it is aimed to measure the success of ivermectin in treating scabies, to determine the variables affecting this success and to contribute to the planning of taking positive steps on behalf of the national treatment protocols to be established in the future.
Materials and Methods: In the study, 360 patients diagnosed with scabies and treated with ivermectin who applied to Dicle University Dermatology Clinic between January 1, 2023 and June 30, 2024 were evaluated retrospectively. Data were evaluated with SPSS-21.0 statistical program and the value, mean, median value, standard deviation, incidence rate and frequency of each parameter in total patients were recorded.
Results: All 360 patients had their ivermectin treatments arranged by a specialist doctor and 78.6% (283) of the patients benefited from ivermectin. It was determined that 295 (81.94%) of these 360 patients had tried at least one other treatment option before ivermectin treatment and did not benefit, while 43 (66.1%) of 65 patients who had not received treatment before benefited from ivermectin and 240 (81.36%) of 295 patients who did not respond to previous treatments also benefited from ivermectin.
Conclusion: This study concluded that ivermectin may be an important treatment option in patients diagnosed with scabies.
The superiority of ivermectin treatment at the correct dose over other treatments was observed in patients who were resistant to different scabies treatments.
Piezo Proteins, Mechano Reception and Behaviour in Hydra
Authors: Alzugaray Maria Eugenia , Gavazzi Maria Victoria , Griffo Lucia , Ronderos Jorge Rafael
Published: November 2024

Cells are constantly exposed to mechanical forces. These stimuli must be detected and transduced to maintain homeostasis. Due that reason, mechano-sensory systems (MS) are present in all the organisms to generate appropriate responses. Piezo proteins are a recently discovered family of mechano-gated ion channels that respond to mechanical changes of the plasma membrane, allowing the influx of cations, mainly Ca2+. Piezo MS channels are widely represented in Metazoa, acting in several physiological systems. Hydra sp. is a freshwater member of the phylum Cnidaria which is assumed as the sister group of Bilateria. Despite the existence of Piezo channels in Hydra is known, their physiological roles remain unknown. In this work we delve into the physiological relevance of MS Piezo in responses associated to mechanical stimuli in Hydra sp. We analysed the effects of Jedi1 (a specific agonist of Piezo1) on the contractile behaviours, and cnidocyst discharge, and compared them with responses caused by natural stimuli. The results show that the activation of Piezo channels increases the contractile behaviour, stimulating the occurrence of contraction burst, a sudden kind retraction observed in response to touch and osmotic stress. Cnidocyst discharge was also induced by Jedi1, resembling the response caused by the contact of the prey. The effects of both Jedi1 and natural stimuli were avoided in the presence of the inhibitor of MS channels GdCl3. The bioinformatic analysis shows that the protein predicted by Hydra genome has the characteristic motifs of Piezo proteins. These results confirm the existence of Piezo channels in Hydra, unveiling their physiological roles. Because of the relevance of Piezo channels in several pathological conditions and the high level of conservation in metazoans, Hydra could provide a significative experimental model to assay biological and pharmacological issues.
Excitatory synaptic integration of three types of granule cells in the dentate gyrus
Authors: Mao Yue , Liu Ming , Sun Xiaojuan
Published: November 2024

Granule cells (GCs) are mainly responsible for receiving and integrating information from the entorhinal cortex and transferring it to the hippocampus to accomplish memory-related functions such as pattern separation. Owing to the heterogeneity of GCs, there are also two other subtypes, namely semilunar granule cells (SGCs) and hilar ectopic granule cells (HEGCs). In order to investigate their differences, here we examine the disparities in dendritic integration among the different subtypes of GCs. By utilizing biological experimental data, we developed detailed multi-compartment models for each type of GC. Our findings reveal that under the excitatory synaptic inputs (mediated by AMPA receptors), the dendritic integration of GCs, SGCs and HEGCs are linear, sublinear, and supralinear respectively. Furthermore, we propose that the sublinear integration observed in SGCs may be attributed to a high density of V-type potassium channels (K \(_\mathrm{V}\) ) distributed in dendrites with smaller volume and higher input resistance; while the supralinear integration seen in HEGCs may be due to a high density of T-type calcium channels (Ca \(_\mathrm{T}\) ) distributed in dendrites with larger volume and lower input resistance. Additionally, sodium channels, six types of potassium channels (K \(_\mathrm{A}\) , K \(_\mathrm{M}\) , sK \(_{\mathrm{DR}}\) , fK$_{\mathrm{DR}}$, BK, SK), and two types of calcium channels (Ca \(_\mathrm{N}\) , Ca \(_\mathrm{L}\) ) have minimal influence on their respective integration modes. We also found different integration modes exhibit varied somatic firing rates when subjected to different spatial synaptic activation sets, the HEGCs with the supralinear integration demonstrate higher somatic firing rates than the SGCs with the sublinear integration. These results provide theoretical insights into understanding the distinct roles played by these three subtypes of granule cells in memory-related functions within the dentate gyrus.
Synergistic chondroprotective effect of ER stress inhibition and autophagy induction in in-vitro model of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Goyal Himanshi , Rana Diksha , Singh Harwinder , Kaur jyotdeep
Published: November 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by the deterioration of the articular cartilage in the joints, which activates the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activating chondrocytes to release matrix metalloproteins (MMPs), thus exacerbating cartilage degradation. Risk factors for OA include age, gender, genetics, obesity, joint injuries, physical inactivity, metabolic disorders, etc. However, treatment options are still limited, with total joint replacement being the primary option for late-stage OA. Excessive and prolonged ER stress triggers apoptosis, whereas mild ER stress causes the induction of autophagy, offering the protection against apoptosis. However, the intricate interplay between ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in OA remains incompletely understood. So, in this study, we tried to elucidate the synergistic chondroprotective effect of ER stress inhibition and autophagy activation in ameliorating osteoarthritis. Our RT-qPCR results showed the significant upregulation of GRP78, PERK, ATF4, and CHOP genes of the UPR pathway along with the decrease in the expression of BECLIN 1, LC3, and ATG5 genes of autophagy in an IL-1β induced in vitro model of osteoarthritis. In line with these results, PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 caused significant downregulation of the PERK arm of the UPR pathway and rapamycin resulting in induction of autophagy in this in vitro OA model. Moreover, the combined usage of both the PERK arm inhibitor, GSK2606414, and autophagy activator, rapamycin, in IL-1β induced OA model significantly reduced the gene expression of COL1A1, RUNX2, and MMP13, and increased COL2A1 expression, which suggests prevention of OA progression. In summary, the study suggests the synergistic chondroprotective effect of PERK arm inhibition and autophagy activation in a mTOR dependent manner, which can be a promising strategy to ameliorate osteoarthritis progression.
Spatial interaction mapping of PD-1/PD-L1 in Head and Neck Cancer reveals the role of Macrophage-Tumour Barriers associated with immunotherapy response
Authors: Naei Vahid Yaghoubi , Tubelleza Rafael , Monkman James , Sadeghirad Habib , Donovan Meg L , Blick Tony , Wicher Agata , Bodbin Sara , Stad Robert , Basu Subham , Cooper Caroline , Barnett Catherine , O'Byrne Ken , Ladwa Rahul , Warkiani Majid Ebrahimi , Hughes Brett GM , Kulasinghe Arutha
Published: November 2024

Background
Mucosal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, where the prognosis is poor due to the high rates of recurrence and metastasis [1]. With approximately one million new cases projected in 2024, worldwide mortality of HNSCC is estimated to reach 50% of detected cases the same year [2]. Patients with early-stage tumours showed a 50–60% five-year survival rate in the US. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising results in prolonging survival in a subset of patients with recurrent or metastatic disease. However, challenges remain, particularly the limited efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies. PD-L1 protein expression has been shown to be limited in its predictive power for ICI therapies. Emerging evidence shows that intricate characterisation of the tumour microenvironment (TME) is fundamental to understand interacting cells.
Methods
In this study, we sought to apply a more nuanced approach to understanding cellular interactions by mapping PD-1/PD-L1 interactions across whole-slide HNSCC tissue samples collected prior to ICI therapy. We used a combination of spatial proteomics (Akoya Biosciences) and an in situ proximity ligation assay (isPLA, Navinci Diagnostics) to visualise PD-1/PD-L1 interactions across cell types and cellular neighbourhoods within the tumour TME.
Results
Our findings indicate the existence of isPLA+ PD-1/PD-L1 interactions between macrophages/CD3 T cell-enriched neighbourhoods and tumour cells at the tumour-stroma boundaries in ICI-resistant tumours. The presence of these dense macrophage-tumour layers, which are either absent or dispersed in responders, indicates a barrier that may restrict immune cell infiltration and promote immune escape mechanisms. In contrast, responders had abundant B and T cell aggregates, predominantly around the tumour edges linked to enhanced immune responses to ICI therapy and better clinical outcomes.
Conclusion
This study highlights the utility of isPLA in detecting distinct tumour-immune interactions within the TME, offering new cellular interaction metrics for stratifying and optimising immunotherapy strategies.
Audience Interpretation of the Film “Kamisama Wa Bali Ni Iru” Concerning Religiosity, Gender, and Economic Codes
Authors: Sutanto Marisa Rianti , Kosasih Marcella Melly
Published: November 2024

The research aimed to interpret the film “Kamisama wa Bali ni Iru” according to the audience’s perception of whether the Bali expressed in the film reflects Balinese ethnic identity. “Kamisama wa Bali ni Iru” is a film by a Japanese director released in 2015 in the comedy-drama genre. The film was set almost entirely in Bali, which was the space where the events took place. Through a review of the narrative of “Kamisama wa Bali ni Iru” on the diegetic aspect, three things were dominantly reflected in the events of the film in the Balinese space, namely religiosity, gender, and the economy of society. By referring to the audience reception method, the audience who acted as the giver of meaning to the film text were nine young adults of Balinese ethnicity. Audience interpretation was understood through interviews, with questions set through the codes that appeared in the film’s scenes, namely the codes of religiosity, gender, and the economy of society. The interviews with the nine viewers were a reproduction of meaning into a new text, and the results of the viewers’ answers were categorized according to three positions: dominant, negotiated, and oppositional. The results show that the film tends to cause misperceptions of Balinese ethnic identity according to the codes of religiosity and economy. However, the audience affirms the gender code in this film as a representation of Balinese society. The novelty of the research is that it proves that the movie “Kamisama wa Bali ni Iru” can be a medium to introduce Bali, although it needs to be supported by explanations to avoid misperceptions regarding codes of religiosity and economy.
Unlocking precision in hydraulic engineering: machine learning insights into labyrinth sluice gate discharge coefficients
Authors: Hashem Thaer , Harith Iman Kattoof , Alrubaye Noor Hassan , Mohammed Ahmed Y. , Hussien Mohammed L.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the discharge coefficient (Cd) of labyrinth sluice gates, a modern gate design with complex flow characteristics. To accurately estimate Cd, regression techniques (linear regression and stepwise polynomial regression) and machine learning methods (gene expression programming (GEP), decision table, KStar, and M5Prime) were employed. A dataset of 187 experimental results, incorporating dimensionless variables of internal angle (θ), cycle number (N), and water depth contraction ratio (H/G), was used to train and evaluate the models. The results demonstrate the superiority of GEP in predicting Cd, achieving a coefficient of determination (R2) of 97.07% and a mean absolute percentage error of 2.87%. To assess the relative importance of each variable, a sensitivity analysis was conducted. The results revealed that the H/G has the most significant impact on Cd, followed by the internal head angle (θ). The cycle number (N) was found to have a relatively insignificant effect. These findings offer valuable insights into the design and operation of labyrinth sluice gates, contributing to improved water resource management and flood control.
Cryptosporidium
from sheep herds around water tributaries of the Malakand region of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Umar , Khan Naimat Ullah , Ullah Kamran , Usman Tahir , Khattak Irfan , Karanis Panagiotis
Published: November 2024

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infections in sheep herds around tributaries in Pakistan and to evaluate the influence of potential risk factors. In total, 448 samples from 26 sheep herds were screened microscopically and then confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 18S SSU rRNA gene. Our result revealed that, out of 448 samples, 107 were found positive by microscopy and 77 positive by PCR, with prevalence rates of 23.88% and 17.18% in different breeds of sheep. A high statistical difference exists between the p-value (p <0.05) when comparing diarrheic and non-diarrheic sheep, breeds, ages, genders, and seasons. The highest infection rate was found in the Australian breed (8.25%); season-wise, the highest prevalence was recorded in summer. Furthermore, sheep-secreting diarrheal faces were 41% young sheep and lambs. This reveals that young animals are more susceptible to infection than adults, and cryptosporidial infection decreases with increasing age of the animal. This report is the first on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in sheep sampled near the tributaries in Pakistan. The implications of this study's findings are clear; immediate action is necessary to prevent further spread and potentially devasting harm.
Ensino de Sociologia Escolar
Authors: De Queiroz Paulo Pires
Published: November 2024

Esta reflexão tem como objetivo problematizar algumas questões de educação dos alunos que se matriculam nos cursos noturnos das periferias urbanas: falta de motivação, evasão escolar, desinteresse e o alto índice de fracasso escolar. Está em andamento um trabalho de sensibilização de um grupo de professores de Sociologia de uma escola básica estadual, na periferia do Município de Vitória, no Estado do Espírito Santo. Quando todos estavam predispostos a assumir uma nova postura como educadores, diante do desafio que representa o aluno trabalhador da escola básica que cedo ingressa ou procura ingressar no mercado de trabalho e que precisa frequentar a escola noturna, resolveu-se partir para uma ação conjunta que resultou nesta proposta de estudo, que aqui está sendo apresentada e socializada.
Representatividade feminina na pós-graduação no sul do estado do Amazonas
Authors: Flôres Pinto Valmir , Tavares Pimentel Elizabeth
Published: November 2024

A representação das acadêmicas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade Federal do Amazonas é significativa tanto em termos quantitativos como qualitativos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo foi enfocar a presença feminina na Pós-Graduação em nível stricto sensu no sul do estado do Amazonas, mais especificamente na cidade de Humaitá. Para este estudo, utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, entrevistas via Google Forms, documentos da Universidade Federal do Amazonas e documentos internos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Humanidades. Para análise, seguiu-se a metodologia de cunho qualitativo com base nos resultados obtidos das entrevistas, na documentação e na bibliografia sobre a temática. Como principais resultados, ressaltam-se: qualificação para atuação na Educação Básica; fortalecimento e visibilidade da categoria; maior participação e exigência do Estado na criação de políticas públicas; importância de um curso em nível de mestrado no interior do estado do Amazonas. Nem todas as mestrandas receberam fomento para as suas pesquisas; assim, destacou-se a importância desse benefício para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas e dos estudos. Concluiu-se que o mestrado no interior se tornou uma oportunidade e uma ferramenta de inclusão, de qualificação e de cidadania, em especial das mulheres que atuam como educadoras.
Doutores em Educação em Ciências (UFRGS, UFSM e FURG)
Authors: Gheno Ediane Maria , Paz Hidalgo Maria , Gutierres Jessié Martins , Soares Jocássio Batista , Guaragna Regina Maria Vieira da Costa , Borini Cláudia Rodrigues Borba , Souza Diogo Onofre
Published: November 2024

O artigo analisou o perfil e a inserção profissional de doutores egressos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação em Ciências (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria e Universidade Federal do Rio Grande) e avaliou o impacto da pandemia da covid-19 nas suas vidas. Coleta de dados: questionário (aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética/Plataforma Brasil) aplicado a 353 doutores titulados de 2013-2020 (adesão 68%). Método de análise: cientométrico e análise de conteúdo. Resultados: a maioria dos doutores é branca (87,1%) e é docente no ensino superior e na Educação Básica/ensino técnico (70,9%). Os impactos mais evidentes da pandemia estão relacionados ao uso de tecnologias e à saúde mental. A pesquisa pode contribuir para definição de políticas públicas visando ampliação de emprego, para assistência social e para condições equitativas.
O campo acadêmico-científico no Brasil
Authors: Agostini Gabriela , Massi Luciana
Published: November 2024

O campo acadêmico-científico brasileiro se desenvolveu ao longo dos anos de modo altamente estruturado e em uma intrincada articulação entre pesquisa, pós-graduação e universidade pública, tendo se tornado um dos maiores do mundo. Considerando a literatura acerca desta temática, nesta pesquisa propomos uma nova abordagem, ainda pouco explorada, com o objetivo de caracterizar esse campo. Por meio de uma análise documental e com base na teoria dos campos de Pierre Bourdieu, descrevemos e analisamos historicamente suas propriedades. Os resultados indicam que a gênese e a estruturação desse espaço foram fortemente engendradas por agentes poderosos como a CAPES. Esse campo ocupa posição estratégica, fronteiriça e de dependência com outros campos, como o político, e se mantém com forte intervenção estatal. A avaliação da pós-graduação revela outras propriedades desse campo ao impor estratégias de controle e classificação dos cursos e estabelecer os capitais em disputa. Notamos ainda que o surgimento de uma nova modalidade de pós-graduação, a profissional, provocou uma espécie de revolução da ordem simbólica, marcando profundas transformações no campo.
A formação para a docência universitária brasileira no histórico das políticas públicas de pós-graduação
Authors: Naville Gutierrez Matheus , De Medeiros Arnt Ana
Published: November 2024

Este trabalho busca analisar o desenvolvimento da pós-graduação através das políticas públicas brasileiras e a sua influência no âmbito integral do trabalho docente universitário no Brasil. As principais políticas públicas analisadas foram o Parecer nº 977, de 1965, e todos os Planos Nacionais de Pós-Graduação. O Parecer nº 977 é o principal definidor do modelo de pós-graduação e formação para docência universitária, com os PNPGs seguindo a lógica. As políticas públicas discutem o foco na formação docente apenas no aspecto da produção científica, desconsiderando a totalidade do que é exigido de um docente universitário. Buscando uma pedagogia universitária crítica e abrangente, essas perspectivas historicamente consolidadas precisam ser rompidas dentro dos programas de pós-graduação.
Educação científica, Educação Física e atividade epistemológica
Authors: Bungenstab Gabriel Carvalho , Almeida Felipe Quintão de
Published: November 2024

Este ensaio objetiva refletir sobre as (im)possibilidades de uma educação científica plural no interior da Educação Física brasileira. Para tal, realiza comentários, divididos em duas sessões, sobre as chances de constituição de uma educação (física) científica no Brasil, utilizando, principalmente, as contribuições do filósofo francês Jacques Rancière. Acredita-se, em tom conclusivo, que é fundamental transmitir aos pesquisadores em formação práticas e princípios pluralistas. Essa transmissão não se dá apenas a partir de uma jornada teleológica que tem início e fim, mas também a partir de atos provocativos e da consideração das experiências presentes que, inclusive, dialoguem com os profissionais e professores de EF. Nesse sentido, é preciso reiterar, cada vez mais, a necessidade de defender uma educação (física) científica que seja emancipatória e pluralista, que faça o aluno pensar por si, sob a orientação de um professor.
Considerações sobre a organização de rodas de conversa e mesas redondas
Authors: Manzini Eduardo José
Published: November 2024

Mesas-redondas e rodas de conversa têm se tornado nomenclaturas largamente utilizadas em eventos científicos. O objetivo deste artigo foi desenvolver um procedimento para que os conteúdos de suas apresentações em eventos científicos possam ser mais bem organizados para uma plateia. Em termos metodológicos, o procedimento consistiu em uma conversa prévia com os convidados das mesas-redondas ou rodas de conversa, na qual, em tempo real, o coordenador deveria identificar e registrar os temas falados, realizando uma análise de conteúdo temática. O resultado desta análise foi sintetizado em uma lista apresentada para os convidados, a qual foi validada por eles nessa reunião prévia. Concluiu-se que o procedimento se mostrou efetivo para a organização e o desenvolvimento das rodas de conversa.
Vivências em mobilidade acadêmica internacional na formação do jovem pesquisador
Authors: Miranda Fernanda Maria de , Borges Luana Viviani , Mininel Vivian Aline
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: compartilhar a vivência de duas estudantes (de graduação e de pós-graduação) de um grupo de pesquisa brasileiro da área da saúde, que participaram de estágio internacional em institutos de pesquisa distintos na província de Ontário, Canadá. Método: relato de experiência baseado na experiência de duas estudantes vinculadas a um Grupo de Pesquisa brasileiro. Foi utilizada a ferramenta de mapa conceitual e a experiência analisada sob uma perspectiva política, social, analítica, singular, e problematizada por meio da articulação da narrativa com seu referencial teórico fundamentador. Resultados: apesar dos diferentes níveis de formação, foram identificadas similaridades: a relevância da experiência de mobilidade internacional, facilidades relacionadas aos fatores individuais, aos programas de financiamento, ao país e ao instituto de pesquisa de destino e a composição de redes de apoio e desafios originados tanto antes da partida quanto durante a estadia no Canadá. Conclusões: este relato divulga as potencialidades das experiências de internacionalização, por meio de diferentes agências de fomento brasileiras em diferentes momentos da carreira acadêmica.
A Cross-talk between Nanomedicines and Cardiac Complications: Comprehensive View
Authors: Jawaid Shagufta , Joshi Yogesh , Neelofar Nauroz , Khursheed Khuzamah , Shams Samya , Chaudhary Mansi , Arora Mitali , Mahajan Karan , Anwar Firoz
Published: November 2024

Background:

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality,
necessitating innovative approaches for both therapeutics and diagnostics. Nanoscience has emerged as a
promising frontier in addressing the complexities of CVDs.

Objective:

This study aims to explorethe interaction of CVDs and Nanomedicine (NMs), focusing on applications
in therapeutics and diagnostics.

Observations:

In the realm of therapeutics, nanosized drug delivery systems exhibit unique advantages, such
as enhanced drug bioavailability, targeted delivery, and controlled release. NMs platform, including liposomes,
nanoparticles, and carriers, allows the precise drug targeting to the affected cardiovascular tissues with
minimum adverse effects and maximum therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, nanomaterial (NM) enables the integration
of multifunctional components, such as therapeutic agents and target ligands, into a single system for
comprehensive CVD management. Diagnostic fronts of NMs offer innovative solutions for early detection and
monitoring of CVDs. Nanoparticles and nanosensors enable highly sensitive and specific detection of Cardiac
biomarkers, providing valuable insights into a disease state, its progression, therapeutic outputs, etc. Further,
nano-based technology via imaging modalities offers high high-resolution imaging, aiding in the vascularization
of cardiovascular structures and abnormalities. Nanotechnology-based imaging modalities offer high-resolution
imaging and aid in the visualization of cardiovascular structures and abnormalities.

Conclusion:

The cross-talk of CVDs and NMs holds tremendous potential for revolutionizing cardiovascular
healthcare by providing targeted and efficient therapeutic interventions, as well as sensitive and early detection
for the improvement of patient health if integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Elevated Perspectives: Unraveling Cardiovascular Dynamics in High-Altitude Realms
Authors: Aggarwal Kanishk , Pathan Mayur Srinivas , Dhalani Mayank , Kaur Inder P. , Anamika Fnu , Gupta Vasu , Jayaraman Dilip Kumar , Jain Rohit
Published: November 2024

High-altitude regions pose distinctive challenges for cardiovascular health because of
decreased oxygen levels, reduced barometric pressure, and colder temperatures. Approximately
82 million people live above 2400 meters, while over 100 million people visit these heights annually.
Individuals ascending rapidly or those with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions are
particularly vulnerable to altitude-related illnesses, including Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)
and Chronic Mountain Sickness (CMS). The cardiovascular system struggles to adapt to hypoxic
stress, which can lead to arrhythmias, systemic hypertension, and right ventricular failure. Pathophysiologically,
high-altitude exposure triggers immediate increases in cardiac output and heart
rate, often due to enhanced sympathetic activity. Over time, acclimatisation involves complex
changes, such as reduced stroke volume and increased blood volume. The pulmonary vasculature
also undergoes significant alterations, including hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular
remodelling, contributing to conditions, like pulmonary hypertension and high-altitude pulmonary
edema. Genetic adaptations in populations living at high altitudes, such as gene variations
linked to hypoxia response, further influence these physiological processes. Regarding cardiovascular
disease risk, stable coronary artery disease patients generally do not face significant
adverse outcomes at altitudes up to 3500 meters. However, those with unstable angina or recent
cardiac interventions should avoid high-altitude exposure to prevent exacerbation. Remarkably,
high-altitude living correlates with reduced cardiovascular mortality rates, possibly due to improved
air quality and hypoxia-induced adaptations. Additionally, there is a higher incidence of
congenital heart disease among children born at high altitudes, highlighting the profound impact
of hypoxia on heart development. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for managing risks
and improving health outcomes in high-altitude environments.
Decoding MASLD and the Link between Metabolic Dysfunction and Steatotic Liver Disease: An Overview
Authors: Sharma Ramsha , Singh Ujjawal , Kosey Sourabh , Kamal Raj , Kumar Ranjeet
Published: November 2024

A metabolic illness that affects around 25% of the world's population, metabolic
dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with numerous more
ailments. It is associated with dementia progression, influenced by factors like brain insulin
resistance, cerebrovascular dysfunction, gut dysbiosis, and neuroinflammation. Furthermore,
other MASLD characteristics like systemic inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and sleep apnea
are also strongly linked to cognitive dysfunction. Recent research suggests MASLD could
contribute to cognitive impairment even without these factors. As dementia and MASLD
share clinical characteristics and underlying metabolic risk factors, further research is needed
to find effective treatments for both. This study discusses the shared pathogenic traits and
mechanisms of dementia and MASLD. Additionally, this review discusses various non-medication
and medication treatment strategies along with the different types of nano formulation
studies for the treatment of MASLD.
An enhanced AI-based model for financial fraud detection
Authors:   Department of Electrical Quantities Metrology, National Institute of Standards (NIS), Giza, Egypt, Ali Ahmed H. , Hagag Ahmed Ali ,   Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Giza, Egypt
Published: November 2024

The research seeks to identify complex fraudulent activities. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, have shown significant potential in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of fraud detection models. This study introduces a novel AI-based fraud detection model that combines both supervised and unsupervised learning methods. The proposed machine learning system uses these techniques to detect fraudulent transactions. The supervised learning component is trained using a labeled dataset that includes both fraudulent and non-fraudulent transactions. The dataset used in the research contains 284,807 credit card transactions. After preparing the data, four Python-based models were developed. The K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) model successfully predicted 99.94% of credit card transactions as valid or fraudulent. A random forest (RF) model was also used to assess the legitimacy of transactions, achieving an accuracy score of 99.96% correctly classifying nearly all data points. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) model achieved 99.94% accuracy, misclassifying only 51 cases. The logistic regression (LR) model attained an accuracy of 99.92% with 70 misclassifications and 99.91% with 77 misclassifications. These models demonstrate high accuracy and efficiency.
Leveraging Medical Knowledge Graphs Into Large Language Models for Diagnosis Prediction: Design and Application Study
Authors: Gao Yanjun , Li Ruizhe , Croxford Emma , Caskey John , Patterson Brian W , Churpek Matthew , Miller Timothy , Dligach Dmitriy , Afshar Majid
Published: November 2024

Background

Electronic health records (EHRs) and routine documentation practices play a vital role in patients’ daily care, providing a holistic record of health, diagnoses, and treatment. However, complex and verbose EHR narratives can overwhelm health care providers, increasing the risk of diagnostic inaccuracies. While large language models (LLMs) have showcased their potential in diverse language tasks, their application in health care must prioritize the minimization of diagnostic errors and the prevention of patient harm. Integrating knowledge graphs (KGs) into LLMs offers a promising approach because structured knowledge from KGs could enhance LLMs’ diagnostic reasoning by providing contextually relevant medical information.

Objective

This study introduces DR.KNOWS (Diagnostic Reasoning Knowledge Graph System), a model that integrates Unified Medical Language System–based KGs with LLMs to improve diagnostic predictions from EHR data by retrieving contextually relevant paths aligned with patient-specific information.

Methods

DR.KNOWS combines a stack graph isomorphism network for node embedding with an attention-based path ranker to identify and rank knowledge paths relevant to a patient’s clinical context. We evaluated DR.KNOWS on 2 real-world EHR datasets from different geographic locations, comparing its performance to baseline models, including QuickUMLS and standard LLMs (Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer and ChatGPT). To assess diagnostic reasoning quality, we designed and implemented a human evaluation framework grounded in clinical safety metrics.

Results

DR.KNOWS demonstrated notable improvements over baseline models, showing higher accuracy in extracting diagnostic concepts and enhanced diagnostic prediction metrics. Prompt-based fine-tuning of Text-to-Text Transfer Transformer with DR.KNOWS knowledge paths achieved the highest ROUGE-L (Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation–Longest Common Subsequence) and concept unique identifier F1-scores, highlighting the benefits of KG integration. Human evaluators found the diagnostic rationales of DR.KNOWS to be aligned strongly with correct clinical reasoning, indicating improved abstraction and reasoning. Recognized limitations include potential biases within the KG data, which we addressed by emphasizing case-specific path selection and proposing future bias-mitigation strategies.

Conclusions

DR.KNOWS offers a robust approach for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and reasoning by integrating structured KG knowledge into LLM-based clinical workflows. Although further work is required to address KG biases and extend generalizability, DR.KNOWS represents progress toward trustworthy artificial intelligence–driven clinical decision support, with a human evaluation framework focused on diagnostic safety and alignment with clinical standards.
An Explainable Artificial Intelligence Text Classifier for Suicidality Prediction in Youth Crisis Text Line Users: Development and Validation Study
Authors: Thomas Julia , Lucht Antonia , Segler Jacob , Wundrack Richard , Miché Marcel , Lieb Roselind , Kuchinke Lars , Meinlschmidt Gunther
Published: November 2024

Background

Suicide represents a critical public health concern, and machine learning (ML) models offer the potential for identifying at-risk individuals. Recent studies using benchmark datasets and real-world social media data have demonstrated the capability of pretrained large language models in predicting suicidal ideation and behaviors (SIB) in speech and text.

Objective

This study aimed to (1) develop and implement ML methods for predicting SIBs in a real-world crisis helpline dataset, using transformer-based pretrained models as a foundation; (2) evaluate, cross-validate, and benchmark the model against traditional text classification approaches; and (3) train an explainable model to highlight relevant risk-associated features.

Methods

We analyzed chat protocols from adolescents and young adults (aged 14-25 years) seeking assistance from a German crisis helpline. An ML model was developed using a transformer-based language model architecture with pretrained weights and long short-term memory layers. The model predicted suicidal ideation (SI) and advanced suicidal engagement (ASE), as indicated by composite Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale scores. We compared model performance against a classical word-vector-based ML model. We subsequently computed discrimination, calibration, clinical utility, and explainability information using a Shapley Additive Explanations value-based post hoc estimation model.

Results

The dataset comprised 1348 help-seeking encounters (1011 for training and 337 for testing). The transformer-based classifier achieved a macroaveraged area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of 0.89 (95% CI 0.81-0.91) and an overall accuracy of 0.79 (95% CI 0.73-0.99). This performance surpassed the word-vector-based baseline model (AUC-ROC=0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.90; accuracy=0.61, 95% CI 0.61-0.80). The transformer model demonstrated excellent prediction for nonsuicidal sessions (AUC-ROC=0.96, 95% CI 0.96-0.99) and good prediction for SI and ASE, with AUC-ROCs of 0.85 (95% CI 0.97-0.86) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.81-0.88), respectively. The Brier Skill Score indicated a 44% improvement in classification performance over the baseline model. The Shapley Additive Explanations model identified language features predictive of SIBs, including self-reference, negation, expressions of low self-esteem, and absolutist language.

Conclusions

Neural networks using large language model–based transfer learning can accurately identify SI and ASE. The post hoc explainer model revealed language features associated with SI and ASE. Such models may potentially support clinical decision-making in suicide prevention services. Future research should explore multimodal input features and temporal aspects of suicide risk.
Enhancing Medical Student Engagement Through Cinematic Clinical Narratives: Multimodal Generative AI–Based Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Bland Tyler
Published: November 2024

Background

Medical students often struggle to engage with and retain complex pharmacology topics during their preclinical education. Traditional teaching methods can lead to passive learning and poor long-term retention of critical concepts.

Objective

This study aims to enhance the teaching of clinical pharmacology in medical school by using a multimodal generative artificial intelligence (genAI) approach to create compelling, cinematic clinical narratives (CCNs).

Methods

We transformed a standard clinical case into an engaging, interactive multimedia experience called “Shattered Slippers.” This CCN used various genAI tools for content creation: GPT-4 for developing the storyline, Leonardo.ai and Stable Diffusion for generating images, Eleven Labs for creating audio narrations, and Suno for composing a theme song. The CCN integrated narrative styles and pop culture references to enhance student engagement. It was applied in teaching first-year medical students about immune system pharmacology. Student responses were assessed through the Situational Interest Survey for Multimedia and examination performance. The target audience comprised first-year medical students (n=40), with 18 responding to the Situational Interest Survey for Multimedia survey (n=18).

Results

The study revealed a marked preference for the genAI-enhanced CCNs over traditional teaching methods. Key findings include the majority of surveyed students preferring the CCN over traditional clinical cases (14/18), as well as high average scores for triggered situational interest (mean 4.58, SD 0.53), maintained interest (mean 4.40, SD 0.53), maintained-feeling interest (mean 4.38, SD 0.51), and maintained-value interest (mean 4.42, SD 0.54). Students achieved an average score of 88% on examination questions related to the CCN material, indicating successful learning and retention. Qualitative feedback highlighted increased engagement, improved recall, and appreciation for the narrative style and pop culture references.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the potential of using a multimodal genAI-driven approach to create CCNs in medical education. The “Shattered Slippers” case effectively enhanced student engagement and promoted knowledge retention in complex pharmacological topics. This innovative method suggests a novel direction for curriculum development that could improve learning outcomes and student satisfaction in medical education. Future research should explore the long-term retention of knowledge and the applicability of learned material in clinical settings, as well as the potential for broader implementation of this approach across various medical education contexts.
Effects of Message Framing on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Gong Jie , Gu Dandan , Dong Suyun , Shen Wangqin , Yan Haiou , Xie Juan
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

With the advancement of cervical cancer elimination strategies, promoting human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is essential to achieving this goal. The issue of how to structure and develop message content to promote HPV vaccination is a debatable issue.

OBJECTIVE

The efficacy of gain-loss framing in vaccination contexts is disputed. Our study aimed to elucidate the consequences of message framing on attitudes, intentions, and behavioral tendencies toward HPV vaccination, with the objective of refining message framing strategies and their elements.

METHODS

This systematic review adhered strictly to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guideline reporting standards to comprehensively retrieve, extract, and integrate data. We searched databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, for literature published from database construction to August 15, 2023. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation were performed by 2 researchers. Intervention studies published in English, conducted with populations with children eligible for HPV vaccination, and involving message framing were included. Attitudes, intentions, and behaviors served as outcome evaluation criteria.

RESULTS

A total of 19 intervention studies were included. Gain-loss framing had no clear effect on vaccination attitudes nor intentions. Loss framing showed a weak advantage at improving HPV vaccination attitudes or intentions, but the evidence was not strong enough to draw definitive conclusions. The impact of gain-loss framing on HPV vaccination behaviors could not be determined due to the limited number of studies and the qualitative nature of the analysis.

CONCLUSIONS

Combining gain-loss framing with other message framing approaches may be an effective way to enhance the effect of message framing. More high-quality message framing content and exploring alternative moderator or mediator variables are required to support the conclusion.

CLINICALTRIAL

CRD42023451612; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=451612