bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Skip-layer network with optimization method for domain adaptive detection
Authors: Xu Qian , Li Ying , Wang Gang , Hou Minghui , Zhang Hao , Cai Hongmin
Published: March 2022

In the field of object detection, domain adaptation is one of popular solution to align the distribution between the real scene (target domain) and the training scene (source domain) by adversarial training. However, only global features are applied to the Domain Adaptive Faster R-CNN (DA Faster R-CNN) method. The lack of local features reduces the performance of domain adaptation. Therefore, a novel method for domain adaptive detection called Skip-Layer Network with Optimization (SLNO) method is proposed in this paper. Three improvements are presented in SLNO. Firstly, different level convolutional features are fused by a multi-level features fusion component for domain classifier. Secondly, a multi-layer domain adaptation component is developed to align the image-level and the instance-level distributions simultaneously. Among this component, domain classifiers are used in both image-level and instance-level distributions through the skip layer. Thirdly, the cuckoo search (CS) optimization method is applied to search for the best coefficient of SLNO. As a result, the capability of domain alignment is strengthened. The Cityscapes, Foggy Cityscapes, SIM10K, KITTI data sets are applied to test our proposed novel approach. Consequently, excellent results are achieved by our proposed methods against state-of-the-art object detection methods. The results demonstrate our improvements are effective on domain adaptation detection.
Dropping diversity of products of large US firms: Models and measures
Authors: Nambiar Ananthan , Rubel Tobias , McCaull James , deVries Jon , Bedau Mark
Published: March 2022

It is widely assumed that in our lifetimes the products available in the global economy have become more diverse. This assumption is difficult to investigate directly, however, because it is difficult to collect the necessary data about every product in an economy each year. We solve this problem by mining publicly available textual descriptions of the products of every large US firms each year from 1997 to 2017. Although many aspects of economic productivity have been steadily rising during this period, our text-based measurements show that the diversity of the products of at least large US firms has steadily declined. This downward trend is visible using a variety of product diversity metrics, including some that depend on a measurement of the similarity of the products of every single pair of firms. The current state of the art in comprehensive and detailed firm-similarity measurements is a Boolean word vector model due to Hoberg and Phillips. We measure diversity using firm-similarities from this Boolean model and two more sophisticated variants, and we consistently observe a significant dropping trend in product diversity. These results make it possible to frame and start to test specific hypotheses for explaining the dropping product diversity trend.
1894 revisited: Cross-education of skilled muscular control in women and the importance of representation
Authors: Pearcey Gregory E. P. , Smith Lauren A. , Sun Yao , Zehr E. Paul
Published: March 2022

In 1894 foundational work showed that training one limb for “muscular power” (i.e. strength) or “muscular control” (i.e. skill) improves performance in both limbs. Despite that the original data were exclusively from two female participants (“Miss Smith” and “Miss Brown”), in the decades that followed, such “cross-education” training interventions have focused predominantly on improving strength in men. Here, in a female cohort, we revisit that early research to underscore that training a task that requires precise movements in a timely fashion (i.e. “muscular control”) on one side of the body is transferred to the contralateral untrained limb. With unilateral practice, women reduced time to completion and the number of errors committed during the commercially available game of Operation® Iron Man 2 with both limbs. Modest reductions in bilateral Hoffmann (H-) reflex excitability evoked in the wrist flexors suggest that alterations in the spinal cord circuitry may be related to improvements in performance of a fine motor task. These findings provide a long overdue follow-up to the efforts of Miss Theodate L. Smith from more than 125 years ago, highlight the need to focus on female participants, and advocate more study of cross-education of skilled tasks.
Strengthening health system’s capacity for pre-exposure prophylaxis for adolescent girls and young women and adolescent boys and young men in South Africa (SHeS’Cap–PrEP): Protocol for a mixed methods study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Nicol Edward , Ramraj Trisha , Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Basera Wisdom , Jama Ngcwalisa , Lombard Carl , McClinton-Appollis Tracy , Govindasamy Darshini , Pass Desiree , Funani Noluntu , Aheron Sarah , Paredes-Vincent Ariana , Drummond Jennifer , Cheyip Mireille , Dladla Sibongile , Bedford Jason , Mathews Cathy
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective prevention intervention that can be used to control HIV incidence especially among people who are at increased risk for HIV such as adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and adolescent boys and young men (ABYM). In South Africa, various approaches of delivering PrEP have been adopted at different service delivery points (facility-based only, school-based only, community-based only and hybrid school-facility and community-facility models) to overcome challenges associated with individual, structural, and health systems related barriers that may hinder access to and uptake of PrEP among these populations. However, little is known about how to optimize PrEP implementation and operational strategies to achieve high sustained uptake of good quality services for AGYW and ABYM. This study aims to identify effective and feasible PrEP models of care for improving PrEP uptake, continuation, and adherence among AGYW and ABYM.

Methods and analysis

A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study will be conducted in 22 service delivery points (SDPs) in uMgungundlovu district, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We will recruit 600 HIV negative, sexually active, high risk, AGYW (aged 15–24 years) and ABYM (aged 15–35 years). Enrolled participants will be followed up at 1-, 4- and 7-months to determine continuation and adherence to PrEP. We will conduct two focus group discussions (with 8 participants in each group) across four groups (i. Initiated PrEP within 1 month, ii. Did not initiate PrEP within 1 month, iii. Continued PrEP at 4/7 months and iv. Did not continue PrEP at 4/7 months) and 48 in-depth interviews from each of the four groups (12 per group). Twelve key informant interviews with stakeholders working in HIV programs will also be conducted. Associations between demographic characteristics stratified by PrEP initiation and by various service-delivery models will be assessed using Chi-square/Fishers exact tests or t-test/Mann Whitney test. A general inductive approach will be used to analyze the qualitative data.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol was approved by the South African Medical Research Council Health Research Ethics Committee (EC051-11/2020). Findings from the study will be communicated to the study population and results will be presented to stakeholders and at appropriate local and international conferences. Outputs will also include a policy brief, peer-reviewed journal articles and research capacity building through research degrees.
Cell tip growth underlies injury response of marine macroalgae
Authors: Shirae-Kurabayashi Maki , Edzuka Tomoya , Suzuki Masahiro , Goshima Gohta
Published: March 2022

Regeneration is a widely observed phenomenon by which the integrity of an organism is recovered after damage. To date, studies on the molecular and cellular mechanisms of regeneration have been limited to a handful of model multicellular organisms. Here, the regeneration ability of marine macroalgae (Rhodophyta, Phaeophyceae, Chlorophyta) was systematically surveyed after thallus severing. Live cell imaging on severed thalli uncovered the cellular response to the damage. Three types of responses–budding, rhizoid formation, and/or sporulation–were observed in 25 species among 66 examined, proving the high potential of regeneration of macroalgae. The cellular and nuclear dynamics were monitored during cell repair or rhizoid formation of four phylogenetically diverged species, and the tip growth of the cells near the damaged site was observed as a common response. Nuclear translocation followed tip growth, enabling overall distribution of multinuclei or central positioning of the mononucleus. In contrast, the control of cell cycle events, such as nuclear division and septation, varied in these species. These observations showed that marine macroalgae utilise a variety of regeneration pathways, with some common features. This study also provides a novel methodology of live cell imaging in macroalgae.
Pre-drinking, alcohol consumption and related harms amongst Brazilian and British university students
Authors: Santos Mariana G. R. , Sanchez Zila M. , Hughes Karen , Gee Ivan , Quigg Zara
Published: March 2022

Drinking in private or other unlicensed settings before going out (i.e., pre-drinking) is increasingly being identified as a common behaviour amongst students as it provides an opportunity to extend their drinking duration and socialise. However, studies suggest associations between pre-drinking and alcohol-related harms. This study examines Brazilian and British university students’ pre-drinking patterns and associations with nightlife-related harms amongst drinkers. A total of 1,151 Brazilian and 424 British students (aged 18+ years) completed an online survey. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic variables, nightlife drinking behaviour including pre-drinking and past 12 months experience of alcohol-related harms. Most participants were female (BRA 59.1%, ENG 65.3%; p = 0.027), undergraduate students (BRA 88.2%, ENG 71.2%; p<0.001) and aged 18–25 years (BRA 78.8%, ENG 81.5%; p<0.001). Pre-drinking was more prevalent in England (82.8%) than Brazil (44.0%; p<0.001), yet Brazilian students drank more units of alcohol than British students when pre-drinking (BRA 17.6, ENG 12.1; p<0.001). In multi-variate analyses, pre-drinking was significantly associated with increased odds of experiencing a range of harms across both countries (e.g., blackouts; failing to attend university), with the strength of associations varying between countries. Pre-drinking in Brazil and in England is an important event before going out amongst university students, however our study shows it is associated with a range of harms in both countries. Thus, preventing pre-drinking may be a crucial strategy to reduce excessive alcohol consumption and related harms in the nightlife context across countries with diverse nightlife environments and alcohol drinking cultures.
SenseNet, a tool for analysis of protein structure networks obtained from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Schneider Markus , Antes Iris
Published: March 2022

Computational methods play a key role for investigating allosteric mechanisms in proteins, with the potential of generating valuable insights for innovative drug design. Here we present the SenseNet (“Structure ENSEmble NETworks”) framework for analysis of protein structure networks, which differs from established network models by focusing on interaction timelines obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. This approach is evaluated by predicting allosteric residues reported by NMR experiments in the PDZ2 domain of hPTP1e, a reference system for which previous computational predictions have shown considerable variance. We applied two models based on the mutual information between interaction timelines to estimate the conformational influence of each residue on its local environment. In terms of accuracy our prediction model is comparable to the top performing model published for this system, but by contrast benefits from its independence from NMR structures. Our results are complementary to experimental data and the consensus of previous predictions, demonstrating the potential of our new analysis tool SenseNet. Biochemical interpretation of our model suggests that allosteric residues in the PDZ2 domain form two distinct clusters of contiguous sidechain surfaces. SenseNet is provided as a plugin for the network analysis software Cytoscape, allowing for ease of future application and contributing to a system of compatible tools bridging the fields of system and structural biology.
Characterization of strain-specific Bacillus cereus swimming motility and flagella by means of specific antibodies
Authors: Schwenk Valerie , Dietrich Richard , Klingl Andreas , Märtlbauer Erwin , Jessberger Nadja
Published: March 2022

One of the multiple factors determining the onset of the diarrhoeal disease caused by enteropathogenic Bacillus cereus is the ability of the bacteria to actively move towards the site of infection. This ability depends on flagella, but it also varies widely between different strains. To gain more insights into these strain-specific variations, polyclonal rabbit antisera as well as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated in this study, which detected recombinant and natural B. cereus flagellin proteins in Western blots as well as in enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). Based on mAb 1A11 and HRP-labelled rabbit serum, a highly specific sandwich EIA was developed. Overall, it could be shown that strain-specific swimming motility correlates with the presence of flagella/flagellin titres obtained in EIAs. Interestingly, mAb 1A11, recognizing an epitope in the N-terminal region of the flagellin protein, proved to inhibit bacterial swimming motility, while the rabbit serum rather decreased growth of selected B. cereus strains. Altogether, powerful tools enabling the in-depth characterization of the strain-specific variations in B. cereus swimming motility were developed.
Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) samples are not a beneficial replacement for frozen tissues in fetal membrane microbiota research
Authors: Hockney Rochelle , Orr Caroline H. , Waring Gareth J. , Christiaens Inge , Taylor Gillian , Cummings Stephen P. , Robson Stephen C. , Nelson Andrew
Published: March 2022

Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissues are routinely collected, archived, and used for clinical diagnosis, including maternal and neonatal health. Applying FFPE samples to microbiota research would be beneficial to reduce preparation, storage and costs associated with limited available frozen samples. This research aims to understand if FFPE fetal membrane samples are comparable to frozen tissues, which are the current gold standard for DNA microbiota analysis. Extracted DNA from nine matched paired patients were sequenced by Illumina sequencing of the V4 16S rRNA gene region. This included duplicate frozen amnion and chorion fetal membrane rolls or FFPE combined amniochorionic samples. Negative controls of surrounding wax blocks and DNA extraction reagents were processed alongside samples using identical methods. DNA quality and quantity was assessed by NanoDrop, agarose gel electrophoresis and Bioanalyzer. Decontam and SourceTracker were integrated into microbiota analysis to identify the presence of contaminating sources. The bacterial profile and nine genera differed between FFPE and frozen fetal membranes. There were no differences in bacterial profiles between FFPE samples and corresponding wax negative controls, with 49% of bacteria in FFPE fetal membrane samples matched to the source origin of paraffin wax, and 40% originating from DNA extraction reagent sources. FFPE samples displayed high fragmentation and low quantity of extracted DNA compared to frozen samples. The microbiota of FFPE fetal membrane samples is influenced by processing methods, with the inability to differentiate between the microbiota of the tissue sample and the surrounding wax block. Illumina sequencing results of FFPE and frozen fetal membrane samples should not be compared using the methods employed here. Variation could be influenced by limitations including storage time, DNA extraction and purification methods. To utilise FFPE fetal membrane samples in microbiota research then contamination prevention and detection methods must be included into optimised and standardised protocols, with recommendations presented here.
Genetic analysis of salinity tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Omrani Saeed , Arzani Ahmad , Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam Mohsen , Mahlooji Mehrdad
Published: March 2022

Understanding the genetics of salt tolerance is of utmost need to combat the rising prevalence of soil salinity through employing tolerant cultivars. The current study was carried out to investigate the quantitative genetic basis of agronomical and physiological-related traits of salinity-stressed plants using seven generations (parental cultivars, F1, F2, F3, BC1, and BC2) of wheat grown in the field under normal and saline conditions. The combined analysis of variance showed highly significant effects of salinity and genotypes (generations) on all the traits. The scaling tests did not support the three-parameter model (additive-dominance model); hence, the six-parameter model was used to assess the genetic effects governing the traits in this study. The epistatic gene effects were crucial, as were additive and dominance gene effects for plant height, K/Na, and yield in salinity stress conditions. The highest heritability was observed for total chlorophyll, carotenoid, SPAD chlorophyll, and K/Na ratio in saline conditions. The additive genetic variance was more important than the dominance variance for grain weight, K, K/Na in salinity conditions. The findings of the current study may have important implications in the quantitative genetics of salinity tolerance and the development of cultivars tolerant to salinity in wheat.
Association between the dietary inflammatory index and bone markers in postmenopausal women
Authors: Song Daeun , Kim Jieun , Kang Minji , Park Jungwon , Lee Haelim , Kim Deog-Yoon , Park So Young , Lim Hyunjung
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The health problem of postmenopausal women is emerging as an important problem due to the increased aging population. This study investigated the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and bone markers in postmenopausal women.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 132 postmenopausal women aged 45–70 years. The DII score was calculated using the 3-day food records and divided into tertiles according to the DII score. The lifestyle factors that could affect bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women were investigated and included the EuroQol- 5 Dimension (EQ-5D), physical activity, and eating habits. Skeletal muscle index-weight (SMIw) was used to evaluate skeletal muscle mass, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BSALP), and phosphorus (P) measured as bone biomarkers. The BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the association between anthropometric, biochemistry, BMD, and DII was assessed.

Results

In the anti-inflammatory group, a high intake of fiber, vitamins, and minerals was observed. After adjusting for confound factors, with higher DII score, percent body fat increased (β = 0.168, p = 0.012), and SMIw decreased linear regression analysis (β = −0.329, p = 0.037, respectively). For biochemistry, confound factors were adjusted, with higher DII score, ALP, BSALP and P decreased and DII score increased (β = −0.057, p = 0.002, β = −0.167, p = 0.004, β = −1.799, p = 0.026, respectively). The relationship between DII and BMD was not significant, but osteopenia increased as DII score increased.

Conclusion

The low DII score is positively associated with low body fat, high muscle mass, elevated bone markers, and low risk of osteopenia.
Age-associated B cells in viral infection
Authors: Mouat Isobel C. , Horwitz Marc S.
Published: March 2022

Age-associated B cells (ABCs) are a recently identified, unique B cell population that displays both protective and pathogenic characteristics, depending on the context. A major role of ABCs is to protect from viral infection. ABCs expand during an array of viral infections and display various functional capacities, including secretion of antibodies and activation of T cells. Following resolution of infection, ABCs appear to persist and play a crucial role in memory and recall responses. Here, we review the currently understanding of ABCs in the antiviral response in both humans and mice. We discuss avenues for future research, including the impact of sex on the ABC population and heterogeneity of ABCs between contexts.
Experimental evolution links post-transcriptional regulation to Leishmania fitness gain
Authors: Piel Laura , Rajan K. Shanmugha , Bussotti Giovanni , Varet Hugo , Legendre Rachel , Proux Caroline , Douché Thibaut , Giai-Gianetto Quentin , Chaze Thibault , Cokelaer Thomas , Vojtkova Barbora , Gordon-Bar Nadav , Doniger Tirza , Cohen-Chalamish Smadar , Rengaraj Praveenkumar , Besse Céline , Boland Anne , Sadlova Jovana , Deleuze Jean-François , Matondo Mariette , Unger Ron , Volf Petr , Michaeli Shulamit , Pescher Pascale , Späth Gerald F.
Published: March 2022

The protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani causes fatal human visceral leishmaniasis in absence of treatment. Genome instability has been recognized as a driver in Leishmania fitness gain in response to environmental change or chemotherapy. How genome instability generates beneficial phenotypes despite potential deleterious gene dosage effects is unknown. Here we address this important open question applying experimental evolution and integrative systems approaches on parasites adapting to in vitro culture. Phenotypic analyses of parasites from early and late stages of culture adaptation revealed an important fitness tradeoff, with selection for accelerated growth in promastigote culture (fitness gain) impairing infectivity (fitness costs). Comparative genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics analyses revealed a complex regulatory network associated with parasite fitness gain, with genome instability causing highly reproducible, gene dosage-independent and -dependent changes. Reduction of flagellar transcripts and increase in coding and non-coding RNAs implicated in ribosomal biogenesis and protein translation were not correlated to dosage changes of the corresponding genes, revealing a gene dosage-independent, post-transcriptional mechanism of regulation. In contrast, abundance of gene products implicated in post-transcriptional regulation itself correlated to corresponding gene dosage changes. Thus, RNA abundance during parasite adaptation is controled by direct and indirect gene dosage changes. We correlated differential expression of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) with changes in rRNA modification, providing first evidence that Leishmania fitness gain in culture may be controlled by post-transcriptional and epitranscriptomic regulation. Our findings propose a novel model for Leishmania fitness gain in culture, where differential regulation of mRNA stability and the generation of modified ribosomes may potentially filter deleterious from beneficial gene dosage effects and provide proteomic robustness to genetically heterogenous, adapting parasite populations. This model challenges the current, genome-centric approach to Leishmania epidemiology and identifies the Leishmania transcriptome and non-coding small RNome as potential novel sources for the discovery of biomarkers that may be associated with parasite phenotypic adaptation in clinical settings.
The Impact of Learning Organizations on Employee Performance with an Emphasis on Network Communication Approach
Authors: Hassani Elahe , Gelard Parvaneh , Sharifzadeh Fattah , Azad Nasser
Published: March 2022

In this study, an attempt was made to gain knowledge about the impact of learning organizations on employee performance, emphasizing the network communication approach in Esfahan Steel Company. We used a questionnaire to collect the research data. The study's statistical population included all managers and (staff) employees of Esfahan Steel Company, whose number is 300 people. The stratified random sampling was done in this study. The sample size was estimated to be 118 people. Besides, three questionnaires were employed for data collection in this survey that experts confirmed its validity, and Cronbach's alpha confirmed its reliability. The SPSS and the Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data. According to the results achieved from the statistical analysis, learning organizations impact employee performance. Moreover, learning organizations influence the network communication approach. The network communication approach affects the performance of the organization's employees. Small and medium-sized production companies in the Steel industry can use the findings of this research to Achieve continuous improvement of individual and organizational performance through learning organizations and network communication.
Altered mucosal immune-microbiota interactions in familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Noble Alistair , Durant Lydia , Dilke Stella M , Man Ripple , Martin Isabel , Patel Roshani , Hoyles Lesley , Pring Edward T , Latchford Andrew , Clark Susan K , Carding Simon R , Knight Stella C
Published: March 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a condition caused by a constitutional pathogenic variant of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene that results in intestinal adenoma formation and colorectal cancer (CRC), necessitating pre-emptive colectomy. We sought to examine interaction between the mucosal immune system and commensal bacteria in FAP to test for immune dysfunction that might accelerate tumorigenesis.

METHODS:

Colonic biopsies were obtained from macroscopically normal mucosal tissue from 14 healthy donors and 13 patients with FAP during endoscopy or from surgical specimens. Intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes were phenotyped. Intraepithelial microbes were labelled with anti-IgA/IgG and analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTS:

Proportions of resident memory CD103-expressing CD8+ and γδ T cell receptor+ intraepithelial lymphocytes were dramatically reduced in both left and right colon of patients with FAP compared to healthy controls. In lamina propria, T-cells expressed less CD103 and CD4+ CD103+ cells expressed less CD73 ectonucleotidase. IgA coating of epithelia-associated bacteria, IgA+ peripheral B cells and CD4 T-cell memory responses to commensal bacteria were increased in FAP.

DISCUSSION:

Loss of resident memory T-cells and γδ T-cells in mucosal tissue of patients with FAP accompanies intestinal microbial dysbiosis previously reported in this pre-cancerous state and suggests impaired cellular immunity and tumor surveillance. This may lead to barrier dysfunction, possible loss of regulatory T-cell function and excess IgA antibody secretion. Our data are the first to implicate mucosal immune dysfunction as a contributing factor in this genetically driven disease and identify potentially critical pathways in the etiology of CRC.
Políticas públicas de educación superior en Chile en contextos de crisis: Transformaciones y continuidades del sistema universitario entre la Dictadura Cívico-Militar y la Postdictadura (1981-2018)
Authors: Zurita Felipe
Published: March 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la política pública universitaria construida e implementada entre la Dictadura Cívico-Militar y la Postdictadura en Chile, con el especial interés de identificar y analizar las transformaciones y continuidades desarrolladas sobre este problema en dicho periodo. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se definió una metodología de estudio historiográfico organizada en torno a la recopilación y análisis de fuentes jurídicas y de documentos estratégicos del Estado. Los resultados del estudio permitieron identificar visibles tendencias de continuidad en la política pública universitaria entre estos periodos históricos, escenario que comienzan a ser interpelado por la irrupción del movimiento estudiantil en la discusión pública sobre la configuración del sistema universitario en las primeras décadas del siglo XXI, abriendo paso a complejos desafíos para el presente y futuro de dicho sistema.
Alibertia latifolia (Rubiaceae), un nuevo registro para la flora argentina
Authors: Dávalos Víctor M. , Cabrera Mirta M. , Cabral Elsa L. , Salas Roberto M.
Published: March 2022

Alibertia latifolia (Rubiaceae) is registered for the first time in Argentina. This species has a broad distribution in South America and grows mainly in humid forests. It is described and illustrated, we provide a detailed description of its pollen grains, distribution map, and a key to distinguish it from Alibertia edulis, a species also found in the Southern Cone of America.
Erradicación del castigo a niñas, niños y adolescentes: reflexiones críticas en clave interdisciplinaria
Authors: García-Moreno María Paula , Remolina-León Paola , Salinas-Naranjo Karol Tatiana , Sarmiento-Reyes Juan Carlos
Published: March 2022

The use of punishment inflicted on children keeps being common in Colombia and the world in the raising and education context. The belief and tradition system play a major role in these punitive actions against childhood. The purpose of this investigation is to make a contribution to the eradication of the beliefs in the necessity, usefulness, effectiveness and the legitimacy of punishment in said contexts. The goal is to motivate parents, guardians, teachers and professional counselors (psychologists, pedagogues, pediatricians; etc.) to create, recreate, embrace, and promote those practices that can help to build autonomous subjectivities, free and responsible. In order to reach that goal, it has been mad a careful and selective theoretical examination of texts, magazine articles, press articles, documents of the Government, Non-Governmental Organizations, and legal field, national and international, that refer specifically to the use of punishment with children and teenagers within the raising and education context. The examination of said sources implied an exercise of interpretation in interdisciplinary key, open, reflective, critical and proactive, and in exchange with all other types of knowledge. This way, it’s been able to recall, expand and innovate arguments in favor of erasing any kind of punishment in parenthood and education in order to always ensure the well-being of the children and teenagers, make a contribution to build more peaceful territories in both Colombia and the world, not allowing any kind of violence, in the justice field with complete respect of their rights.
Percepción de violencia sexual en mujeres en condición de prostitución de la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Castelblanco-Zamora Jordán Micaela , Ochoa-Hernández María Fernanda , Rodríguez-Vásquez Edna Milena , Giraldo-Camacho Karen Andrea , Alzate-Calderón Paula Alejandra , López-Cantero Ever José
Published: March 2022

Prostitution is not an indifferent issue in our country, although there are several laws that cover this fact as a form of sex work, this does not mean that all women who practice prostitution perceive this activity as work. Various studies have shown the discrimination and violence to which women are exposed in the context of prostitution. Accordingly, the interest of this research focused on knowing the perception of sexual violence in 20 women of legal age, residents of the city of Bogotá, who are engaged in prostitution; For this, a virtual questionnaire was applied, in which the participants openly expressed their perception of sexual violence, what they know in their context as sexual violence, the characteristics of their context and the difficulties they have witnessed at the time of Report a violent sexual act. The methodological structure was of a mixed nature, of a non-experimental nature and by means of an instrument of its own development, which was validated by judges. In the results, it was found that the participants normalize physical or psychological violence in the context of prostitution, although they identify violent acts during sexual intercourse, they are not considered as victims of sexual violence, the participants define sexual violence from violent acts towards children and women in settings other than prostitution, and they also report that when they have felt attacked or violated they report to the authorities, in most cases to maintain the confidentiality of their activity.
Propuesta para la compresión, medición e intervención de las conductas infractoras en adolescentes a partir de un modelo ecológico
Authors: Altamar-Escorcia Ana María , Alvarado-Ospina Daniela , Castillo-Camargo María Isabel , Gómez-Núñez Adriana Yulieth , Vega-Gómez Luz Ángela , Ordóñez-Gómez Rocío , Ortiz-Triviño Bertha Liliana , Osorio-Rosales Lorena , López-Cantero Ever José
Published: March 2022

The offending behaviors presented in adolescents and young people are a phenomenon that is increasing in the country; generating concern in the authorities of the city of Manizales, Colombia; affecting society at the level: family, educational, work, among others. Therefore, from the Bioecological model of Bronfenbenner, a proposal is developed to understand the factors that affect the commission of criminal behaviors of young people and adolescents, between 14 and 17 years of age in the City of Manizales, in order to generate Measurement and intervention strategies for this problem aimed at mitigating youth and adolescent crime rates.
Variables relacionadas con la conducta sexual de los adolescentes
Authors: García-Barón Ángela Vanesa , Fonseca-Fonseca Wílmer Andrey , Camargo-Escobar Itala Marina
Published: March 2022

This research was designed to describe the sexual behavior in teenagers from different schools from Bogotá. By so on, there was a sample of 544 students who were in ninth, tenth, and eleventh grade from publics and privates schools. This research was done by a cross-sectional descriptive study, using Questionnaire of variables associated with sexual behavior in adolescents (CVACS), designed and validated for this research, which allows identifying the variables related to sexual behavior in adolescents who have already started his/her coital life Version 1 and to teen people who have not started his/her coital life yet. Version 2. The main findings were: Behavior related to sexual practices that does not imply necessarily coitus. Besides, it was looked that exist sexual behavior that differ over time and that act as influential factors in the sexuality and adolescent development. The foregoing involves consider the different perspectives that must be addressed and worked in relation to the parental, educative and social accompaniment around the sexual education.
Effect of cutting parameters on the machinability of X37CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel
Authors: Özdemir Mustafa
Published: March 2022

Hard turning was carried out on an X37CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel with a hardness of 50 ± 2 HRC on a computer numerical control lathe, using a ceramic insert without the use of a coolant. The cutting parameters included three different cutting speeds, three different feed rates, and three different cutting depths. A full factorial design (FFD) was created, and 33=27 experiments were carried out. The effects of cutting parameters on cutting force (Fc), surface roughness (Ra), material removal rate (MRR), specific cutting energy (SCE), current (Cu), and sound intensity (SI) were investigated. As a result of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the effect ratios of cutting parameters on Fc, Ra, MRR, SCE, Cu, and SI were examined, and important parameters were determined. As a result, the effective rates of the feed rate, which is the most effective parameter, on Fc, Ra, and MRR were determined as 61.72, 95.90, and 61.70%, respectively. The cutting depth was 54.81 and 34.37% on SCE and SI, respectively, and the cutting speed was effective on Cu by 79.87%. By using FFD and response surface methodology (RSM), the regression equations of the results of Fc, Ra, MRR, SCE, Cu, and SI were extracted, and r
2 values were examined. In the validation experiments performed after the optimization experiments, the experimental results were estimated using FFD, RSM, and Taguchi method, and the differences between them were analyzed.
Effect of process parameters on mechanical properties of additive manufactured SMP structures based on FDM
Authors: Liu Bingfei , Yang Li , Zhou Rui , Hong Bin
Published: March 2022

As a new concept and multidisciplinary research area that combines advanced manufacturing, materials science and mechanics, 4D printing has attracted academic interest in the recent years. Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) is widely used in 4D printing due to its high stiffness and fast response. In order to make better analysis and research on additive manufacturing of SMP structures based on FDM, the DMA, DSC and TMA tests were conducted first to determine the basic thermodynamic properties of SMP. And then nine parameters, divided into three groups including printing parameters, temperature parameters and structural parameters were examined to character and assess the effect on the mechanical properties of SMP samples, respectively. The results show that the best parameters combination of temperature and printing parameters for the SMP printing is that platform temperature T

P
 = 65 °C, nozzle temperature T

N
 = 210 °C, feed rate Fr = 50 mm/s, layer thickness Lt = 0.18 mm. Compared with temperature and printing parameters, the structural parameters directly affect the tensile strength of the specimen with improve of 17.298 MPa while these two are 3.639 and 5.528 MPa. The tensile strength of the specimen can be effectively improved through adjusting the structural parameters.
The Lag Manifesto
Authors:   The Digital Inequality Lab
Published: March 2022

In this article, we deploy media studies, digital studies, and critical theories of race, gender, and sexuality to analyze twinned phenomena: the overlapping pandemics of SARS-CoV-2 and of anti-Black racism in the summer of 2020. We analyze how a creative orientation to lag can contest how digital infrastructures’ economies, narratives, and underlying forms of labor have harmed the most vulnerable segments of society in the United States. Analyzing discourses of heroism and viral Instagram trends during the revolutionary summer of 2020, we historicize the twinned pandemics of 2020 and value lag as a praxis of self care and community care.
BERBAGI PENGETAHUAN TENTANG HERBARIUM: KOLABORASI DOSEN, GURU DAN SISWA DI MA AL-ASROR PATEMON GUNUNGPATI
Authors: Husain Fadly , Wicaksono Harto , Lutfi Asma , Wijaya Atika , Prasetyo Kuncoro Bayu , Wahidah Baiq Farhatul
Published: March 2022

. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang memiliki hutan terluas di dunia menyimpan potensi sumber daya alam hayati sebagai sumber pangan dan obat obatan yang sangat besar. Puluhan ribu jenis tanaman tumbuh di Indonesia. Dari sekian banyak tanaman tersebut hanya sedikit yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat atau diketuhui memiliki nilai manfaat. Fenomena ini bisa terjadi karena faktor ketidaktahuan masyarakat tentang potensi tumbuhan obat yang ada di sekitarnya. Apalagi ragam tumbuhan obat ini ternyata bukan hanya tumbuhan yang sengaja ditanam sebagai tumbuhan obat, tetapi juga bisa berasal dari tumbuhan rempah-rempah atau bumbu dapur, tumbuhan pagar, tumbuhan buah, tumbuhan sayur dan sebagainya yang dimanfaatkan untuk mengobati berbagai macam penyakit. Ada banyak cara untuk mengenalkan tumbuhan obat serta khasiatnya kepada masyarakat. Cara yang paling sederhana yaitu pembuatan taman obat sebagai media pengenalan manfaat tumbuhan obat. Selain itu adalah diadakannya kegiatan-kegiatan pelatihan dalam pembuatan bahan awetan herbarium di laboratorium sekolah. Meskipun demikian masih banyak juga sekolah yang belum memiliki fasilitas laboratorium yang memadai. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan di MA Al Asror Patemon sebagai bagian untuk pengenalan cara pembuatan herbarium sederhana. Pengabdian ini juga sebagai wahana untuk pengenalan kembali tumbuhan obat yang banyak dimanfaatkan masyarakat dalam sistem pengobatan tradisional mereka.
Peningkatan Keterampilan Menulis Artikel Ilmiah Pada Jurnal Bagi Guru-Guru SMA NW Pancor
Authors: Husian Fadly , Arsi Antari Ayuning , Akhiroh Ninuk Sholikhah , Astuti Tri Marhaeni Pudji , Gustaman Fulia Aji , Abdurrahman Abdurrahman , Bafadal Robyan
Published: March 2022

Keterampilan menulis artikel ilmiah bagi guru adalah bagian dari pengembangan akademik yang fungsional untuk menunjang penguatan dan pengembangan kompetesi guru. Berbagai level guru, baik pada tingkat dasar maupun menengah, diharapkan dapat memiliki ketrampilan dalam menulis artikel ilmiah, sehingga senantiasa dapat mengembangkan kegiatan akademik yang berorientasi pada peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran siswa. Guru di Lombok Timur belum banyak yang memiliki kemampuan dan keterampilan menulis ilmiah dengan baik.

Dari kondisi tersebut, kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat tersebut bertujuan ikut serta membantu memecahkan masalah yang terjadi diantaranya adalah, memotivasi dan memberikan kesadaran kepada guru-guru SMA NW Pancor, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat terhadap pentingnya menulis artikel ilmiah untuk profesionalitas dan jenjang karir mereka. melatih dan mendampingi guru-guru SMA dan sederajat agar dapat menemukan masalah, menuangkan gagasan, dan menulis artikel dengan baik, benar, dan sesuai dengan kaidah selingkung jurnal ilmiah. memfasilitasi guru-guru SMA NW Pancor, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat agar dapat membangun jejaring dengan jurnal-jurnal ilmiah, baik nasional maupun internasional.

Metode atau tahapan yang akan digunakan untuk memecahkan permasalahan mitra adalah sebgai berikut, Sosialisasi kepada guru-guru SMA tentang pentingnya menulis artikel ilmiah, Pemberian Materi tentang Tata Cara Menulis artikel ilmiah, Pemberian Materi tentang Kiat dan Strategi Menembus Jurnal Ilmiah, Pelatihan, Pendampingan, dan simulasi menulis artikel ilmiah.

Guru-guru SMA NW Pancor, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat mengikuti jalannya acara dengan sangat antusias.  Antusiasme peserta terlihat dari ketekunan mereka mengikuti materi dari awal hingga akhir dari pelaksanaan pengabdian. Buah dari antusiasme dan ketekunan dalam mengikuti jalannya acara tersebut menghasilkan sebuah pemahaam terkait cara menuis artikel yang baik dan mengetahui cara mempublikasikaanya.
Aplikasi Teknologi Budidaya Tanaman Sayur Dengan Sistem Hidroponik Sederhana Di Desa Kebonsari Wonoboyo Temanggung Jawa Tengah
Authors: Putri Devita , Muktiningsih Serdiyah , Ulfa Vina , Sari Tania Novita , Savitri Erna Noor
Published: March 2022

Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan teknologi pertanian dengan sistem hidroponik sederhana dengan menggunakan barang-barang bekas atau sampah-sampah anorganik dalam pembuatan instalasi hidroponik dalam mengatasi masalah dalam hal keterbatas lahan di Desa Kebonsari, Kecamatan Wonoboyo, Kabupaten Temanggung, Jawa Tengah yang disebabkan oleh jumlah penduduk yang semakin bertambah, lahan sudah digunakan untuk menanam tanaman kopi dan tembakau untuk membuat produk khas temanggung yaitu kopi dan rokok. Selain itu, kegiatan ini juga bertujuan untuk mengoptimalisasi lahan sempit, meningkatkan produk pertanian berupa sayursayuran, serta meningkatkan pendapatan petani di Desa Kebonsari, Kecamatan Wonoboyo, Kota Temanggung, Jawa Tengah. Mitra kegiatan adalah Kelompok Tani dan Ibu-ibu PKK. Metode yang digunakan adalah 1). Transfer teknologi dan pendampingan yang melibatkan penyuluhan pertanian di Kecamatan Wonoboyo mengenai teknologi pertanian sistem hidroponik, 2). Pembuatan Instalasi Hidroponik Sederhana, dan 3). Pelatihan pembuatan organik dari air beras dan ampas teh. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini : 1). Wawasan petani dan ibu-ibu pkk terkait teknologi pertanian sistem hidoponik dengan memanfaatkan barang-barang bekas, 2). Petani mendapatkan pengalaman praktik bertani dengan menggunakan sistem hidroponik dengan menggunakan bibit unggul, pupuk organik berimbang, dan sistem pemeliharaan yang baik, 3). Instalasi Sistem Hidroponik sederhana di salah satu Dusun di Desa Kebonsari sebagai percontohan untuk menerapkan teknologi pertanian sistem hidroponik, dan 4). Petani dan ibu-ibu pkk mendapatkan pengalaman dan ketrampilan memanfaatkan sumberdaya lokal seperti ampas teh untuk dijadikan pupuk cair organik.
Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Daun Kopi (Coffea Sp) Menjadi Ecoprint di Desa Mento, Kec. Candiroto, Kab. Temanggung
Authors: Suraya Fatona , Sholikhah Nur Mahiyatus , Rahmawati Laily , Rusmawati Syntya Defi , Sagitania Dhita
Published: March 2022

Pemanfaatan tanaman kopi di desa Mento hanya terfokus pada pengolahan biji kopi sebagai minuman seduh. Daun kopi merupakan salah satu bagian dari tanaman kopi yang belum dimanfaatkan sehingga masih banyak yang terbuang sia-sia dan menjadi limbah organik saja. Upaya memanfaatkan daun kopi untuk dijadikan sebuah produk yang memliki nilai ekonomis adalah melalui pelatihan pembuatan ecoprint dengan pemanfaatan bahan alami dari daun kopi (coffea sp).Teknik ini memanfaatkan tumbuhan sebagai bahan utama dalam pembuatan motif dengan cara memindahkan bentuk dan warna tumbuhan pada kain. Melalui kerja sama dengan ibu-ibu PKK Desa Mento, program pelatihan pembuatan ecoprint yang dilaksanakan oleh KKN ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya ibu-ibu PKK di desa Mento. Tujuan lain dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam memanfaatkan daun kopi menjadi produk yang bernilai jual tinggi. Metode pelaksanaan program adalah dengan pelatihan serta praktek langsung dalam pembuatan ecoprint. Luaran yang dicapai adalah sebuah produk yaitu batik ecoprint dengan motif dari daun kopi dan  brosur pembuatan ecoprint serta menambah pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu-ibu PKK.
Strorytelling: Cara Kreatif Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Olahraga dan Gizi Pada Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wahidah Putri Djamilah , Syah Yuda Noviyan , Berliana Dini Elita , Hapsari Anindya
Published: March 2022

Olahraga merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang sudah menjadi mata pelajaran bagi anak sekolah dasar. Banyak sekali metode yang diterapkan oleh bapak dan ibu guru yang mengajarkan pendidikan jasmani dan kesehatan. Begitu juga dengan pengetahuan terkait gizi untuk anak usia sekolah dasar yang sudah banyak diberikan baik oleh orang tua maupun bapak/ibu guru. Salah satu teknik penyampaian yang tidak asing terdengar adalah storytelling, storytelling merupakan suatu metode dalam menyampaikan informasi menggunakan sebuah cerita yang menarik untuk didengar. Sasaran dari penelitian ini adalah anak kelas 4 SD yang mana memiliki rentan usia 9-11 tahun, pemilihan sasaran tersebut dikarenakan pada usia ini anak sudah lebih mudah mengerti apa yang sedang disampaikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode storytelling terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan olahraga dan gizi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN Mulyoagung 01 Kecamatan Dau, Kota Malang pada anak kelas 4B yang berjumlah 40 anak. Pemilihan responden ini menggunakan teknik Quota Sampling yang mana responden dipilih berdasarkan jumlah responden yang diperlukan oleh peneliti. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Pre-Eksperimental dengan pendekatan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang dinilai menggunakan sistem skoring. Data akan dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test guna melihat ada tidaknya komparasi hasil pretest dan posttest dengan bantuan Microsoft Excel 2010 dan SPSS 26. Berdasarkan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test yang telah dilakukan, diketahui komparasi antara pretest dan posttest memiliki nilai p-value (Asymp. Sig. 2-tailed) sebesar 0,000. Hasil tersebut dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh metode storytelling dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa-siswi kelas 4B SDN Mulyoagung 01.