bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From HHMI: Doubling Down on Diversity
Authors: Asai David J. , Bauerle Cynthia
Published: September 2016

In spite of modest gains in the past four decades, the United States has not been able to substantially improve on the pervasive underrepresentation of minorities in postsecondary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) pathways. We suggest a way to guide a national effort to double the persistence of underrepresented minorities in STEM in the next decade.
Editorial: Fake it ’til you make it: mast cells acquire IL-17 exogenously
Authors: Huppler Anna R , Gaffen Sarah L
Published: September 2016

Discussion of how mast cells can acquire IL-17 through cellular uptake.
President's Page
Authors: Nessim Maurice
Published: September 2016

The current downturn looks a lot like the one we experienced 30 years ago. The numbers, again, are numbing. Oil prices have declined 50% to 60%. Some 100,000 layoffs have taken place in the United States, 350,000 worldwide. The geophysical market spend, which mimics oil price, has fallen more than 50% — from more than US$17 billion in 2013 to approximately US$8 billion this year. As companies slashed spending, new oil discoveries in 2015 plummeted to their lowest level since 1952. Today, enrollments in petroleum-related university programs are dropping too, creating a potential talent gap in the future, as it did in the 1980s and 1990s.
Foundation News
Authors: Burk Katie
Published: September 2016

The Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) Foundation has established honorary endowment funds to honor outstanding SEG colleagues who have made contributions to geophysics, to the Society, and to the oil and gas industry. The first Honorary Endowment Fund will be dedicated to Mike Forrest for his lifelong leadership and contributions. Forrest has chosen the Geoscientists Without Borders program as the beneficiary of his named honorary endowment fund — the Michael C. Forrest Honorary Endowed Fund.
Introduction to this special section: Hydrogeophysics
Authors: Lane John W. , Knight Rosemary , Minsley Burke
Published: September 2016

Most view the field of hydrogeophysics as the bridge between the disciplines of hydrology and geophysics. Within SEG, hydrogeophysics most definitely remains, as it began, with a heavy focus on the development and implementation of novel geophysical methods for hydrologic applications. Rather than applying existing geophysical methods to the problem of estimating subsurface hydrologic properties or monitoring hydrologic processes, the research community within SEG has continued to develop new ways of acquiring data, new ways of analyzing data, and new ways of communicating the geophysical results to end users — who are often much more interested in hydrology than geophysics!
Geophysical mapping of Mount Bonnell fault of Balcones fault zone and its implications on Trinity-Edwards Aquifer interconnection, central Texas, USA
Authors: Saribudak Mustafa
Published: September 2016

Geophysical surveys (resistivity, natural potential [self-potential], conductivity, magnetic, and ground penetrating radar) were conducted at three locations across the Mount Bonnell fault in the Balcones fault zone of central Texas. The normal fault has hundreds of meters of throw and is the primary boundary between two major aquifers in Texas, the Trinity and Edwards aquifers. In the near surface, the fault juxtaposes the Upper Glen Rose Formation on the Edwards Plateau, consisting of interbedded limestone and marly limestone, against the Edwards Group, which is mostly limestone, on the eastern down-thrown side (coastal plain). The Upper Glen Rose member is considered to be the Upper Trinity Aquifer and also a confining zone underlying the Edwards Aquifer. However, recent studies have documented a hydraulic connection between the Edwards and Upper Trinity aquifers. The uppermost portions of the Upper Trinity and the Edwards aquifers, in some places, operate as a single aquifer system, while the lowermost units of the Upper Glen Rose are confining layers between the Edwards Aquifer and the Middle Trinity Aquifer. Geophysical data, which include resistivity, natural potential, magnetic, conductivity, and ground penetrating radar, indicate not only the location of the fault but additional karstic features on the west side (Upper Glen Rose Fm.) and on the east side (Edwards Group) of the Mount Bonnell fault. Resistivity values of the Glen Rose and Edwards Group do not appear to have significant lateral variations across the fault. In other words, the Mount Bonnell fault does not appear to juxtapose different resistivity units of the Edwards Group and Upper Glen Rose member. Thus, the fault may not be a barrier for groundwater flow. With the abundant karstic features (caves, sinkholes, fractures, collapsed areas) on both sides of the fault, determined by the geophysical data, one can conclude that lateral groundwater flow (intra-aquifer) between the Edwards Aquifer and Upper Trinity is likely.
Fluxgate vector magnetometers: A multisensor device for ground, UAV, and airborne magnetic surveys
Authors: Gavazzi Bruno , Le Maire Pauline , Munschy Marc , Dechamp Aline
Published: September 2016

Fluxgate magnetometers are quite uncommon in geophysics. Recent advances in calibration of the devices and their magnetic compensation ability led Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg to develop instruments for magnetic measurements at different scales for a wide range of applications — from submetric measurements on the ground to aircraft-conducted acquisition by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). A case study on the aerial military base BA112 shows the usefulness of the instruments for the detection of underground pipes, unexploded ordnance, and archaeological remains.
Our shared geoheritage — Earth Science Week 2016
Authors: Camphire Geoff
Published: September 2016

What is geoheritage? Geoscience heritage — or geoheritage — consists of the dazzling array of natural wonders, landforms, and resources that have formed over time and come to this generation to manage, use, and conserve effectively. But it is more than that.
Reviews
Authors: Hardage Bob A. , Wood Ray
Published: September 2016

3C Seismic and VSP: Converted Waves and Vector Wavefield Applications, by James Gaiser, ISBN 978-1-56080-335-5, 2016, SEG Distinguished Instructor Short Course, Distinguished Instructor Series No. 19, 640 p., US$149 (member, print), US$270 (nonmember, print), US$127 (member, eBook), US$230 (nonmember, eBook). Rifts and Passive Margins: Structural Architecture, Thermal Regimes, and Petroleum Systems, by Michal Nemčok, ISBN 978-1-107-02583-7, 2016, Cambridge University Press, 576 p., US$150.
Interventions for self-harm in children and adolescents
Authors: Hawton Keith , Witt Katrina G. , Salisbury Tatiana L. Taylor , Arensman Ella , Gunnell David , Townsend Ellen , Heeringen Kees van , Hazell Philip
Published: September 2016

Self-harm (SH; intentional self-poisoning or self-injury) is common in children and adolescents, often repeated, and strongly associated with suicide. This is an update of a broader Cochrane review on psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for SH published in 1998 and updated in 1999. We have now divided the review into three separate reviews; this review is focused on psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for SH in children and adolescents.
SIGNS AND CUSTOMS
Authors: Maniglier Patrice
Published: September 2016

Structuralism is often associated with a program, in keeping with the Durkheimian tradition, of reducing social norms to a kind of causality. On this reading, Émile Durkheim's collective representations became, in Claude Lévi-Strauss' work, cognitive or logical constraints. If so, then structuralism falls (as Vincent Descombes remarked) under Wittgenstein's objections to treating rules as causes. What this article shows, however, is that this reading of structuralism is misguided. The necessity and justification of introducing structural methods, first in linguistics and then in anthropology, as well as the general concept of the sign, were rooted in the perception of a problem too often overlooked: that of the characterization of the data in the social and cultural sciences. Just as Saussure showed that the real problem of linguistics is not, what does it mean? but what are the units of language?, so Lévi-Strauss showed that social sciences should not be concerned with the causes of human behaviors (why do we do this or that?) but instead with the categorization of actions (what is it that is being done?). In both cases, it appears that an individual action is the actualization of a common practice, habit, or custom that, itself, cannot be reduced to a set of observable features but must be defined by its differential position in a system. Structural anthropology thus leads to a truly ontological problem (what is the mode of existence of “customs”?), which resonates interestingly today, in the context of the “ontological turn.”
THE TROUBLE WITH ONTOLOGICAL LIBERALISM
Authors: Morelle Louis
Published: September 2016

Several recent philosophical projects, notably Bruno Latour's empirical meta-physics, Tristan Garcia's formal ontology, Graham Harman's object-oriented philosophy, and Markus Gabriel's new realism, have insisted there is a need for an “egalitarian” or “flat” ontology that would grant an equal ontological status to entities of every kind, whether actual, abstract, material, or fictional. This article groups all of these projects under the heading of “ontological liberalism” and argues that they are inherently problematic, as they sacrifice conceptual coherence and explanatory usefulness in the name of indefinite inclusion. Focusing on Gabriel's recent books Why the World Does Not Exist and Fields of Sense, and with continual reference to Peter Wolfendale's work on the topic, this essay offers a broad but detailed critique of ontological liberalism, with an eye to alternatives emerging from the discipline of anthropology.
Stages of the clinical course of schizophrenia - staging concept
Authors: Wójciak Paweł , Remlinger-Molenda Agnieszka , Rybakowski Janusz
Published: September 2016

Staging jest narzędziem przydatnym w naukach medycznych. Model ten zakłada istnienie trzech kluczowych elementów. Po pierwsze – wykładniki patologii narastają w kolejnych fazach. Po drugie – pacjenci w poszczególnych fazach prezentują podobne zmiany. Po trzecie – leczenie jest najbardziej skuteczne w początkowych etapach choroby. Tak pojęte zjawisko stagingu najpowszechniej jest wykorzystywane w terapii nowotworów. Pozwala na ocenę rokowania i wyników leczenia, ułatwia wymianę oraz porównywanie informacji między centrami onkologicznymi. Istnieją dane pozwalające na stworzenie analogicznego modelu dla schorzeń psychicznych, w tym schizofrenii. Dwie teorie pomagają opisać model stagingu dla schizofrenii: teoria neurorozwojowa oraz koncepcja obciążenia allostatycznego. Obie teorie stały się teoretyczną przesłanką do stworzenia modelu etapów stagingu tego schorzenia. Możemy wyróżnić co najmniej trzy fazy w rozwoju schizofrenii: fazę prodromalną, pierwszy epizod oraz fazę przewlekłą. Każda z faz znajduje odzwierciedlenie w anatomicznych oraz czynnościowych zmianach w mózgu. Tak więc model stagingu posłużyć może do opisu przebiegu schizofrenii, wyboru terapii adekwatnej do fazy choroby oraz wskazania związku między znanymi biologicznymi i psychospołecznymi czynnikami ryzyka a etapem schorzenia.
The role of S100B protein as a potential marker in affective disorders
Authors: Rajewska-Rager Aleksandra , Pawlaczyk Magdalena
Published: September 2016

Wstęp: Zaburzenia afektywne, zarówno zaburzenia depresyjne nawracające jak i zaburzenia afektywne dwubiegunowe charakteryzują się zmianami w tkance glejowej. Białko S100B jest cząsteczką wiążącą wapń wydzielaną głównie przez komórki glejowe, mającą troficzny lub toksyczny wpływ na komórki neuronalne w zależności od jego stężenia. W ostatnich latach ze względu na postulowaną glejową hipotezę zaburzeń afektywnych i koncepcje dotyczące neuroplastyczności mózgu rośnie zainteresowanie białkiem S100B i jego rolą w zaburzeniach afektywnych. Cel i Metoda: Celem niniejszej pracy był przegląd literatury ostatnich lat na omawiany temat. W artykule przedstawiono przegląd prac z ostatnich lat, opierając się na literaturze dostępnej w bazie PubMed/MEDLINE. Wnioski: W dotychczas przeprowadzonych badaniach u pacjentów z zaburzeniami nastroju wykazano występowanie podwyższonego poziomu białka S100B w surowicy pacjentów zarówno w depresji jak i manii w porównaniu do osób z grupy kontrolnej. Badania prowadzono głównie w populacji osób dorosłych, brak jest jak dotąd tego typu badań u dzieci i młodzieży z chorobą afektywna dwubiegunową. W większości badań wskazywano na istotniejszy związek pomiędzy podwyższonymi poziomami białka S100B a występowaniem epizodu depresji oraz regulacje poziomu białka S100B podczas skutecznego leczenia farmakologicznego co może stanowić potencjalny marker skuteczności leczenia
Treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Preuss Ulrich , Wong Jessica , Koller G
Published: September 2016

BPSD (Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia) affects virtually all patients with dementia. The aim of this review is to present information on epidemiology, consequences and evidence-based non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment approaches. The review also covers recent literature derived from a systematic literature Medline search on BPSD. Results indicate that BPSD are major risk factors for an earlier placement of affected individuals in nursing homes and a potentially more severe course of dementia over time. Treatment of BPSD is complex and includes both strategies.
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: September 2016

no summary
Overview of Results Presented in "Trends in Logic XIII"
Authors: Klonowski Mateusz
Published: September 2016

Book Reviews: Andrzej Indrzejczak, Janusz Kaczmarek, and Michał Zawidzki (editors), “Trends in Logic XIII. Gentzen’s and Jaśkowski’s Heritage. 80 Years of Natural Deduction and Sequent Calculi”, Wydawnictwo UŁ, Łódź (Poland), 2014, 269 pages, ISBN 978-83-7969-161-6.
Implementation of an Information and Communication Technology in a Developing Country: A Multimethod Longitudinal Study in a Bank in India
Authors: Venkatesh Viswanath , Bala Hillol , Sambamurthy V.
Published: September 2016

Developing countries, such as India and China, are the fastest growing economies in the world. The successful implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in these countries is likely to hinge on a set of institutional factors that are shaped by the environmental tension between two competing forces, emergent catalysts, such as new economic policies and reform programs, and traditional challenges, such as infrastructure and traditional value systems. To unearth the temporal dynamics underlying the success and failure of ICT implementations in organizations in developing countries, we conducted a two-year multimethod study of an ICT implementation at a large bank in India. Based on data collected from over 1,000 employees and over 1,000 customers, we found, relative to preimplementation levels for up to two years postimplementation, that we characterized as the shakedown phase (1) operational efficiency did not improve, (2) job satisfaction declined, and (3) customer satisfaction declined. In-depth interviews of approximately 40 members of top management, 160 line employees, and 200 customers indicated that these outcomes could be attributed to the strong influence of a set of institutional factors, such as ICT-induced change, labor economics, Western isomorphism, parallel-manual system, and technology adaptation. The interplay between these institutional factors and the environmental tension posed a formidable challenge for the bank during our study that led to the poor and unintended outcomes.
Selling Out: The Inauthenticity Discount in the Craft Beer Industry
Authors: Frake Justin
Published: September 2016

This paper investigates why audiences devalue organizations that behave inauthentically. One explanation is that inauthenticity leads to lower perceptions of product quality. This stems from the audience’s doubt of an inauthentic actor’s capability and commitment to produce high-quality goods. Another explanation is that audiences discount the symbolic value—or what the object represents—of products from inauthentic organizations. I empirically test each of these mechanisms in the craft beer industry. First, I exploit exogenous variation in consumers’ knowledge of craft brewers’ inauthentic identity (whether they are owned by a corporate brewer) to empirically demonstrate an inauthenticity discount. Next, I decompose audience evaluations to show that knowledge of a producer’s inauthenticity does not have a statistically significant impact on evaluators’ sensory experience of the product—its taste, smell, appearance, or mouthfeel—but that it does affect audience evaluations of the product’s symbolic value.

This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations.
Primary production calculations for sea ice from bio-optical observations in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Müller Susann , Vähätalo Anssi V. , Uusikivi Jari , Majaneva Markus , Majaneva Sanna , Autio Riitta , Rintala Janne-Markus
Published: September 2016

Bio-optics is a powerful approach for estimating photosynthesis rates, but has seldom been applied to sea ice, where measuring photosynthesis is a challenge. We measured absorption coefficients of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), algae, and non-algal particles along with solar radiation, albedo and transmittance at four sea-ice stations in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. This unique compilation of optical and biological data for Baltic Sea ice was used to build a radiative transfer model describing the light field and the light absorption by algae in 1-cm increments. The maximum quantum yields and photoadaptation of photosynthesis were determined from 14C-incorporation in photosynthetic-irradiance experiments using melted ice. The quantum yields were applied to the radiative transfer model estimating the rate of photosynthesis based on incident solar irradiance measured at 1-min intervals. The calculated depth-integrated mean primary production was 5 mg C m–2 d–1 for the surface layer (0–20 cm ice depth) at Station 3 (fast ice) and 0.5 mg C m–2 d–1 for the bottom layer (20–57 cm ice depth). Additional calculations were performed for typical sea ice in the area in March using all ice types and a typical light spectrum, resulting in depth-integrated mean primary production rates of 34 and 5.6 mg C m–2 d–1 in surface ice and bottom ice, respectively. These calculated rates were compared to rates determined from 14C incorporation experiments with melted ice incubated in situ. The rate of the calculated photosynthesis and the rates measured in situ at Station 3 were lower than those calculated by the bio-optical algorithm for typical conditions in March in the Gulf of Finland by the bio-optical algorithm. Nevertheless, our study shows the applicability of bio-optics for estimating the photosynthesis of sea-ice algae.
Estimating Arctic sea-ice freeze-up and break-up from the satellite record: A comparison of different approaches in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas
Authors: Johnson Mark , Eicken Hajo
Published: September 2016

1. Abstract

The recognized importance of the annual cycle of sea ice in the Arctic to heat budgets, human behavior, and ecosystem functions, requires consistent definitions of such key events in the ice cycle as break-up and freeze-up. An internally consistent and reproducible approach to characterize the timing of these events in the annual sea-ice cycle is described. An algorithm was developed to calculate the start and end dates of freeze-up and break-up and applied to time series of satellite-derived sea-ice concentration from 1979 to 2013. Our approach builds from discussions with sea-ice experts having experience observing and working on the sea ice in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Applying the algorithm to the 1979–2013 satellite data reveals that freeze-up is delayed by two weeks per decade for the Chukchi coast and one week per decade for the Beaufort coast. For both regions, break-up start is arriving earlier by 5–7 days per decade and break-up end is arriving earlier by 10–12 days per decade. In the Chukchi Sea, “early” break-up is arriving earlier by one month over the 34-year period and alternates with a “late” break-up. The calculated freeze-up and break-up dates provide information helpful to understanding the dynamics of the annual sea-ice cycle and identifying the drivers that modify this cycle. The algorithm presented here, and potential refinements, can help guide future work on changes in the seasonal cycle of sea ice. The sea-ice phenology of freeze-up and break-up that results from our approach is consistent with observations of sea-ice use. It may be applied to advancing our understanding and prediction of the timing of seasonal navigation, availability of ice as a biological habitat, and assessment of numerical models.
Time for UK water companies to stop swinging the lead
Authors: Atenstaedt Robert
Published: September 2016

Lead particles in tap water pose potential harm, particularly to fetuses and infants. Professor Robert Atenstaedt argues that, as the cost of replacing pipes is too high for many families, water companies should offer grants to help clean up the water supply.
Alternatives to breastfeeding: The use of goats' milk in infant formula
Authors: Winter George F
Published: September 2016

The World Health Organization advocates exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of an infant's life, to maximise the health benefits to both the infant and the mother. However, for various reasons, many women discontinue breastfeeding far earlier than this, or choose not to breastfeed at all. A range of alternatives are available for infant feeding, including formula milks based on either cows' milk or goats' milk. The introduction of goats' milk infant formula to the European market in the 21st century has sparked research into the differences between formula based on cows' and goats' milk. While goats' milk formula is not suitable for infants with cows' milk protein allergy, goats' milk may be more easily digestible than cows' milk owing to its different protein makeup.
Retinopathy of prematurity: Causes, prevention and treatment
Authors: McCrory Catherine , McCutcheon Karen
Published: September 2016

Advances in neonatal intensive care have improved survival rates in extremely premature infants, which has led to an increase of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the developed world. Left untreated, infants are at risk of developing strabismus, myopia, vitreous haemorrhage, vitreo-retinal fibrosis, retinal detachment, secondary angle closure glaucoma and, ultimately, complete loss of vision. The improvements in the understanding and treatment of ROP have been supported by seminal research, and its complexity is still being explored. However, the importance of early screening and treatment is essential in the prevention and management of this disease. This paper examines the causes and treatments of ROP, as well as implications for future neonatal practice.
Flying the flag for dental nursing
Authors: Brooks Janine
Published: September 2016

Following Brexit, what now for dentistry and, in particular, dental nurses? In this guest editorial, Janine Brooks ponders a changing British landscape
Supermarket sweep?
Authors: Latter Ashley
Published: September 2016

Ashley Latter considers the importance of selling oral health products and consumables at the dental practice
Leadership and mentoring
Authors: Fowler John
Published: September 2016

This series continues to explore the leadership skills of the dental nurse. With John Fowler
A team approach to implants
Authors: Ellwood Fiona
Published: September 2016

Modern dental nurses have a wide potential scope of practice, with various opportunities to extend skills and advance responsibilities…
A dental nurse's role in… oral health
Authors: Wake Charlotte
Published: September 2016

Charlotte Wake looks at what differences you make to dental health education, mouth cancer awareness and smoking cessation
What is COSHH?
Authors: Talati Shilla
Published: September 2016

Shilla Talaki looks at the regulations it applies to, including CQC regulations under the Health and Social Care Act 2008, considers what forms part of the assessments you need to carry it out in order to be compliant, and discusses the control measures that are needed
A prospective randomised controlled trial of the fibular nailversusstandard open reduction and internal fixation for fixation of ankle fractures in elderly patients
Authors: White T. O. , Bugler K. E. , Appleton P. , Will† E. , McQueen M. M. , Court-Brown C. M.
Published: September 2016

Aims

The fundamental concept of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle fractures has not changed appreciably since the 1960s and, whilst widely used, is associated with complications including wound dehiscence and infection, prominent hardware and failure. Closed reduction and intramedullary fixation (CRIF) using a fibular nail, wires or screws is biomechanically stronger, requires minimal incisions, and has low-profile hardware. We hypothesised that fibular nailing in the elderly would have similar functional outcomes to standard fixation, with a reduced rate of wound and hardware problems.

Patients and Methods

A total of 100 patients (25 men, 75 women) over the age of 65 years with unstable ankle fractures were randomised to undergo standard ORIF or fibular nailing (11 men and 39 women in the ORIF group, 14 men and 36 women in the fibular nail group). The mean age was 74 years (65 to 93) and all patients had at least one medical comorbidity. Complications, patient related outcome measures and cost-effectiveness were assessed over 12 months.

Results

Significantly fewer wound infections occurred in the fibular nail group (p = 0.002). At one year, there was no evidence of difference in mean functional scores (Olerud and Molander Scores 63; 30 to 85, versus 61; 10 to 35, p = 0.61) or scar satisfaction. The overall cost of treatment in the fibular nail group was £91 less than in the ORIF group despite the higher initial cost of the implant.

Conclusion

We conclude that the fibular nail allows accurate reduction and secure fixation of ankle fractures, with a significantly lower rate of soft-tissue complications, and is more cost-effective than ORIF. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1248–52.
The anatomical reduction of a moderate or severe stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis by modified Dunn subcapital osteotomy using the Ganz approach
Authors: Abdelazeem A. H. , Beder F. K. , Abdel Karim M. M. , Abdelazeem H. , Abdel-Ghani H.
Published: September 2016

Aims

This study analysed the clinical and radiological outcome of anatomical reduction of a moderate or severe stable slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) treated by subcapital osteotomy (a modified Dunn osteotomy) through the surgical approach described by Ganz.

Patients and Methods

We prospectively studied 31 patients (32 hips; 16 females and five males; mean age 14.3 years) with SCFE. On the Southwick classification, ten were of moderate severity (head-shaft angle > 30° to 60°) and 22 were severe (head-shaft angle > 60°). Each underwent open reduction and internal fixation using an intracapsular osteotomy through the physeal growth plate after safe surgical hip dislocation. Unlike the conventional procedure, 25 hips did not need an osteotomy of the apophysis of the great trochanter and were managed using an extended retinacular posterior flap.

Results

Clinical outcome was assessed using the range of movement and the Harris Hip (HHS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC), and Merle d’Aubigné scores, while radiological measurements included slip and alpha angles. The mean duration of follow-up was 24.1 months (12 to 40). There was a significant improvement in all clinical and radiological measurements after treatment (p < 0.001). Post-operative major complications were one deep infection and one case of femoral head collapse.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that a modified Dunn osteotomy carried out through Ganz approach is a safe and effective method of treating the stable SCFE with a high degree of slip. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1283–8.
Does laminar flow ventilation reduce the rate of infection?
Authors: Pinder E. M. , Bottle A. , Aylin P. , Loeffler M. D.
Published: September 2016

Aims

To determine whether there is any difference in infection rate at 90 days between trauma operations performed in laminar flow and plenum ventilation, and whether infection risk is altered following the installation of laminar flow (LF).

Patients and Methods

We assessed the impact of plenum ventilation (PV) and LF on the rate of infection for patients undergoing orthopaedic trauma operations. All NHS hospitals in England with a trauma theatre(s) were contacted to identify the ventilation system which was used between April 2008 and March 2013 in the following categories: always LF, never LF, installed LF during study period (subdivided: before, during and after installation) and unknown. For each operation, age, gender, comorbidity, socio-economic deprivation, number of previous trauma operations and surgical site infection within 90 days (SSI90) were extracted from England’s national hospital administrative Hospital Episode Statistics database. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were used to compare ventilation groups using hierarchical logistic regression. Subanalysis was performed for hip hemiarthroplasties.

Results

A total of 803 065 trauma operations were performed during this time; 19 hospitals installed LF, 124 already had LF, 13 had PV and the type of ventilation was unknown in 28. Patient characteristics were similar between the groups. The rate of SSI90 was similar for always LF and PV (2.7% and 2.4%). For hemiarthroplasties of the hip, the rates of SSI90 were significantly higher for LF compared with PV (3.8% and 2.6%, OR 1.45, p = 0·001). Hospitals installing LF did not see any statistically significant change in the rate of SSI90.

Conclusion

The results of this observational study imply that infection rate is similar when orthopaedic trauma surgery is performed in LF and PV, and is unchanged by installing LF in a previously PV theatre. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1262–9.
Coronal imbalance in degenerative lumbar scoliosis
Authors: Bao H. , Yan P. , Qiu Y. , Liu Z. , Zhu F.
Published: September 2016

Aims

There is a paucity of information on the pre-operative coronal imbalance in patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) and its influence on surgical outcomes.

Patients and Methods

A total of 284 DLS patients were recruited into this study, among whom 69 patients were treated surgically and the remaining 215 patients conservatively Patients were classified based on the coronal balance distance (CBD): Type A, CBD < 3 cm; Type B, CBD > 3 cm and C7 Plumb Line (C7PL) shifted to the concave side of the curve; Type C, CBD > 3 cm and C7PL shifted to the convex side.

Results

A total of 99 of the 284 (34.8%) patient presented with a pre-operative coronal imbalance (mean CBD: 48.5, standard deviation 18.7 mm). More patients with a Type B malalignment were observed than with a Type C malalignment (62 versus 37). A total of 21 pf the 69 (30.4%) surgically treated patients had a post-operative coronal imbalance, which was found to be more prevalent in Type C patients (p < 0.001). At follow-up, less improvement was observed in terms of Short Form-36 Physical Component Score and visual analogue score for back pain (p = 0.034 and 0.025, respectively) in Type C patients.

Conclusion

This study shows that patients with Type C coronal malalignment may be at greater risk of post-operative coronal imbalance following posterior osteotomy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1227–33.
The use of magnetically-controlled growing rods to treat children with early-onset scoliosis
Authors: Thompson W. , Thakar C. , Rolton D. J. , Wilson-MacDonald J. , Nnadi C.
Published: September 2016

Aims

We undertook a prospective non-randomised radiological study to evaluate the preliminary results of using magnetically-controlled growing rods (MAGEC System, Ellipse technology) to treat children with early-onset scoliosis.

Patients and Methods

Between January 2011 and January 2015, 19 children were treated with magnetically-controlled growing rods (MCGRs) and underwent distraction at three-monthly intervals. The mean age of our cohort was 9.1 years (4 to 14) and the mean follow-up 22.4 months (5.1 to 35.2). Of the 19 children, eight underwent conversion from traditional growing rods. Whole spine radiographs were carried out pre- and post-operatively: image intensification was used during each lengthening in the outpatient department. The measurements evaluated were Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis, proximal junctional kyphosis and spinal growth from T1 to S1.

Results

The mean pre-, post-operative and latest follow-up Cobb angles were 62° (37.4 to 95.8), 45.1° (16.6 to 96.2) and 43.2° (11.9 to 90.5), respectively (p < 0.05). The mean pre-, post-operative and latest follow-up T1-S1 lengths were 288.1 mm (223.2 to 351.7), 298.8 mm (251 to 355.7) and 331.1 mm (275 to 391.9), respectively (p < 0.05). In all, three patients developed proximal pull-out of their fixation and required revision surgery: there were no subsequent complications. There were no complications of outpatient distraction.

Conclusions

Our study shows that MCGRs provide stable correction of the deformity in early-onset scoliosis in both primary and revision procedures. They have the potential to reduce the need for multiple operations and thereby minimise the potential complications associated with traditional growing rod systems. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1240–47.
Heterotopic ossification after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Verhofste B. , Decock T. , Van Tongel A. , De Wilde L.
Published: September 2016

Aims

Heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs after arthroplasty, especially total hip arthroplasty. In this study we describe the incidence, evolution, morphology and clinical consequences of HO following reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Patients and Methods

This is a single-centre retrospective study of 132 consecutive patients who received a Delta III or Delta Xtend reverse total shoulder arthroplasty between 2006 and 2013 for the treatment of cuff tear arthropathy. There were 96 women and 36 men. Their mean age at the time of surgery was 69 years (49 to 89) and the mean follow-up was 36 months (12 to 84). The incidence, evolution, morphology and clinical consequences of HO using the Constant-Murley score (CS) were analysed. A modified Brooker classification of HO of the hip was used.

Results

HO was seen in 39 patients (29.5%). A total of 31 of these patients (81.6%) began to develop HO by three months post-operatively. According to the Hamada classification, 11 patients had grade 1a, eight had grade 1b, six had grade 1c and 14 had grade 2 HO. The HO evolved over a mean of 8.3 months (3 to 21). Patients with HO had a lower mean CS at three (p = 0.017), six (p < 0.001) and 12 months (p < 0.001) post-operatively. HO was not associated with notching (p = 0.675).

Conclusion

HO after reverse shoulder arthroplasty is a non-progressive condition without long-term clinical consequences. Only grade 2 HO is clinically relevant with a negative effect on the function of the shoulder during its development. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1215–21.
Single-stage treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with a new absorbable, gentamicin-loaded, calcium sulphate/hydroxyapatite biocomposite
Authors: McNally M. A. , Ferguson J. Y. , Lau A. C. K. , Diefenbeck M. , Scarborough M. , Ramsden A. J. , Atkins B. L.
Published: September 2016

Aims

Chronic osteomyelitis may recur if dead space management, after excision of infected bone, is inadequate. This study describes the results of a strategy for the management of deep bone infection and evaluates a new antibiotic-loaded biocomposite in the eradication of infection from bone defects.

Patients and Methods

We report a prospective study of 100 patients with chronic osteomyelitis, in 105 bones. Osteomyelitis followed injury or surgery in 81 patients. Nine had concomitant septic arthritis. 80 patients had comorbidities (Cierny-Mader (C-M) Class B hosts). Ten had infected nonunions. All patients were treated by a multidisciplinary team with a single-stage protocol including debridement, multiple sampling, culture-specific systemic antibiotics, stabilisation, dead space filling with the biocomposite and primary skin closure.

Results

Patients were followed up for a mean of 19.5 months (12 to 34). Infection was eradicated in 96 patients with a single procedure and all four recurrences were successfully managed with repeat surgery. Adverse events were uncommon, with three fractures, six wound leaks and three unrelated deaths. Outcome was not dependant on C-M host class, microbial culture, wound leakage or presence of nonunion.

Conclusion

This single-stage protocol, facilitated by the absorbable local antibiotic, is effective in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. It offers a more patient-friendly treatment compared with other published treatment options. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1289–96.
The relationship between pleural effusion index and mortality in children with dengue shock syndrome
Authors: Hawarini Novianti , Kosim Muhammad Sholeh , Supriatna Mohammad , Istanti Yusrina , Sudjanto Eddy
Published: September 2016

Background Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) mortality rate is stillhigh. The extent of plasma effusion in dengue shock syndromecan be identified in the right lateral decubitus position on chestx􀁃ray, and quantified by the pleural effusion index (PEl). It isthought that PEl value can be used to predict DSS mortality inchildren. Pleural effusion in DSS patients can cause respiratoryfailure and death.Objective To determine the relationship bet ween PEl andmortality in children \\lith DSS.Methods This cross􀁃sectional, retrospective study was held in theDr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. Data was taken frommedical records of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patientswith DSS from January 2009 to January 2011. DSS diagnosiswas confirmed by clinical and radiological manifestations. PEldiagnosis was established by the presence of fluid in the pleuralcavity on pulmonary radiological examinations. X􀁃rays wereinterpreted by the radiologist on duty at the time. Chi square andlogistic regression tests were used to analyze the data.Results There were 48 subjects with DSS, consisting of 18 males(37.5 %), and 30 females (62.5%). Twenty􀁃nine subjects (60.4%)survived and 19 (39.6%) died. One patient (2.1 %) had PEl <6%,4 (8.3%) had PEl 6-15%, 17 (35.4%) had PEl 15-30%, and26 (54.2%) had PEl> 30% on their x􀁃rays. The mortality rateof DSS with PEl 15-30% was 11.8% (95% CI 0.021 to 0.564;P<0.005) and PEl >30% was 65.4 % (95% CI 3,581 to 99,642;P <0.005).Cone-lution PEl> 15% was a risk factor for mortality in childrenwith DSS. [Paediatr lndanes. 2012;52:239-42].
Konjunkturen der (De-)Kolonialisierung
Authors: Kaltmeier Olaf
Published: September 2016

Die umfassende Dekolonialisierung von Staat und Gesellschaft ist ein Kernanliegen indigener Bewegungen in Lateinamerika. In diesem Kontext setzt Olaf Kaltmeiers Studie an, welche die Kontinuität von Kolonialität aber auch die Konjunkturen der Dekolonialisierung in Ecuador im historischen Wandel von der Kolonialzeit bis heute analysiert. Anhand von über 50 Interviews und intensiver Archivarbeit in der für das Andenhochland paradigmatischen Region Saquisilí betrachtet er detail- und kenntnisreich u.a. die Etablierung von Haciendas, die Kommunikation an der Schnittstelle postkolonialer Staatlichkeit sowie die indigenen Kämpfe von der Kolonialzeit über kommunistische Gremien bis hin zur zeitgenössischen indigenen Bewegung.
Der Kampf gegen das Presse-Imperium
Authors: Jung Dae Sung
Published: September 2016

Die Anti-Springer-Kampagne (ASK) der 68er-Bewegung war nicht nur ein Kampf gegen das Meinungsmonopol des Springer-Verlags - sie war auch ein zentraler Faktor der Mobilisierung der Außerparlamentarischen Opposition (APO), deren Akteure die Marktmacht und Berichterstattung des konservativen Verlagshauses scharf kritisierten. Springer wurde als eine Gefahr für die Pressefreiheit in der Bundesrepublik imaginiert. Die ASK, die in der »Springer-Blockade« im April 1968 kulminierte, blieb nicht ohne Wirkung - insbesondere in Hinsicht auf das Ende der Expansionsstrategie von Springer. Dae Sung Jungs historische Studie zeichnet materialreich nach, wie die ASK zu einem zentralen Projekt vieler studentischer und nicht-studentischer Gruppen und damit zum gemeinsamen Nenner der APO werden konnte.
Drama als Störung
Authors: Kovacs Teresa
Published: September 2016

»Aufstörung«, »Verstörung«, »Zerstörung« - damit wurde Jelineks dramatisches Schreiben von Beginn an belegt, ohne jedoch den Begriff der Störung zu definieren oder zu differenzieren. Ging es zunächst um die Zerstörung des bürgerlichen Dramas und Repräsentationstheaters, sucht das Sekundärdrama eine Auf- und Verstörung, ein komplexes Miteinander von Drama und »postdramatischem« Theatertext. Ausgehend von kommunikations-, medien-, kultur-, literatur- und theaterwissenschaftlichen Ansätzen beschreibt Teresa Kovacs erstmals Jelineks Ästhetik der Störung und zeigt, was passiert, wenn Jelineks Sekundärdramen auf ihre »Vorlagen«, auf Goethes »Urfaust« und Lessings »Nathan der Weise« treffen.
Rauswühlen, rauskratzen aus einer Masse von Schutt
Authors: Landgren Gustav
Published: September 2016

In seiner autobiografischen Prosa hat Peter Weiss den Nutzen der Historie für seine Texte erkannt. Raum und Erinnerung sind für Weiss eng mit der Verarbeitung der eigenen Vergangenheit als Überlebender des Holocaust verbunden. Gustav Landgren zeigt, dass Weiss in seinem Werk eine Poetik der Erinnerung verfolgt, die vor allem in der Ästhetik des Widerstands in den paradigmatischen Erinnerungsräumen Berlin, Paris und Stockholm zum Vorschein kommt. Die Untersuchung berücksichtigt Material aus dem Nachlass sowie die schwedischen Essays des Autors, die einem breiteren Leserkreis zugänglich gemacht werden. Ergänzt wird das Buch mit einem von Peter Weiss verfassten Aufsatz, der hier zum ersten Mal auf Deutsch erscheint.
Philosophie der Lebensführung
Authors: Weiland René
Published: September 2016

Existenzphilosophie fragt nach dem Sinn menschlichen Lebens. Für den Konstruktivismus ist diese Frage schon beantwortet, ja, sinnlos: Für ihn ist die Wirklichkeit des Einzelnen ohnehin die ganze Wirklichkeit - es gibt keine »Objektivität«. So fremd sich beide Denkweisen also gegenüberstehen, so nahe sind sie sich in ihrer radikalen Subjektivität. René Weiland nimmt diese fremde Nähe in den Blick, indem er sich von der Kategorie der Innen-Außen-Differenz als eines Schaltbegriffs leiten lässt, der beide Denkweisen untergründig miteinander verbindet: als Nahtstelle alles Systemischen wie als Nadelöhr unserer Individuationen. Ein Buch für Philosophen und Psychologen - und für Resilienz-Forscher.
Notes from the Editors, September 2016
Authors: The Editors -
Published: September 2016

buy this issueOn July 14, 2016, Cornel West, a Monthly Review contributor and Monthly Review Press author (his 1991 book The Ethicals Dimensions of Marxist Thought remains in print) issued a historic statement in the Guardian, under the headline "Obama Has Failed Victims of Racism and Police Brutality." West wrote: A long and deep legacy of white supremacy has always arrested the development of US democracy. We either hit it head on, or it comes back to haunt us…. I have deep empathy for brothers and sisters who are shot in the police force. I also have profound empathy for people of color who are shot by the police. I have always believed deliberate killing to be a crime against humanity. Yet, Obama didn't go to Baton Rouge. He didn't go to Minneapolis. He flew over their heads to go to Dallas. You can't do that. His fundamental concern was to speak to the police, that was his priority. When he references the Black Lives Matter movement, it's to speak to the police. But the people who are struggling have a different perspective….Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Black Lives Matter and the Struggle for Freedom
Authors: Jones Brian P.
Published: September 2016

In late April 2016, at a town hall-style event in London, President Obama complained about the rising movement against the state-sanctioned murder of black people often referred to as Black Lives Matter. Activists, he admonished, should "stop yelling" and instead push for incremental change through the official "process."… The spectacle of the first black president scolding black activists in the context of a rising rate of police murder (as of this writing, the police have killed 630 individuals, at least 155 of them black, nationwide in 2016) speaks volumes about the state of black politics today.… For those trying to understand the emergence of a new black movement—or, perhaps more accurately, a new phase of a longer, older movement—on the watch of the first black president, Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor's new book, From #BlackLivesMatter to Black Liberation is an essential starting point.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
In the boredroom
Authors: Piercy Marge
Published: September 2016

Marge Piercy is the author of nineteen books of poetry, most recently Made in Detroit (Knopf, 2015). Her first short story collection, The Cost of Lunch, Etc., was published in 2014 by PM Press.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Layer by Layer Composite Membranes of Alginate-Chitosan Crosslinked by Glutaraldehyde in Pervaporation Dehydration of Ethanol
Authors: Rokhati Nur , Istirokhatun Titik , Samsudin Asep Muhamad
Published: September 2016

Hydrophilicity of membrane causing only water can pass through membrane. Pervaporation process using organophilic membrane has been offered as alternative for ethanol dehydration. This paper investigate pervaporation based biopolymer composite membrane from alginate-chitosan using layer by layer method prepared by glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent and polyethersulfone (PES) as supported membrane. Characterization of crosslinked of composite membrane by FTIR helped in identification of sites for interaction between layers of membrane and support layer (PES). The SEM showed a multilayer structure and a distinct interface between the chitosan layer, the sodium alginate layer and the support layer. The coating sequence of membranes had an obvious influence on the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes. For the dehydration of 95 wt% ethanol-water mixtures, a good performance of PES-chitosan-alginate-chitosan (PES/Chi/Alg/Chi) composite membrane was found in the pervaporation dehydration of ethanol. Article History: Received April 12nd , 2016; Received in revised form June 25th , 2016; Accepted July 1st , 2016; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Rokhati, N., Istirokhatun, T. and Samsudin, A.M. (2016) Layer by Layer Composite Membranes of Alginate-Chitosan Crosslinked by Glutaraldehyde in Pervaporation Dehydration of Ethanol. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 5(2), 101-106.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.5.2.101-106