bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Starvation in childhood and obesity in senior age
Authors: Khoroshinina Lidya P. , Shabrov Alexander V. , Buynov Leonid G.
Published: February 2018

The problem of children's starvation remains relevant and actual at the present time, as in the 21st century experts from the leading countries of the world coordinate their efforts to create programs aimed at eliminating extreme poverty and hunger of. At the same time, the analysis of obesity prevalence typical for the population of some countries of the world, indicates an increase in the number of obese people in both economically developed and developing countries. In this article we are talking about the common severe degree of abdominal obesity in people of older age groups, survivors in childhood, long periods of fasting. Studied 594 history and Protocol of autopsy of people in older age groups, born from 1927 to 1941 and the dead on the hospital for war veterans in St. Petersburg from 1989 to 2000. The whole array of documents was structured by sex, age, the fact of living in the blockaded Leningrad. Severe degree of obesity was considered to be exceeded more than 7 cm of thickness of deep abdominal subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue. It is well established that former young residents of the besieged Leningrad, regardless of gender, age, die sooner than men and women in the comparison groups; men who survived long periods of starvation in children, were dying earlier than men in the comparison group and earlier than women of the main group; women who have experienced a long period of starvation before the age of 11 years, often dying because of cardiovascular diseases than women in the corresponding subgroup comparisons; the emergence of pronounced obesity in older age-governmental groups from the former young residents of the blockaded Leningrad, determined by elk not only the fact of prolonged fasting, but child sex and age, which accounted for starvation.
The role of cytokines and their genetic polymorphism in the development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy among full-term newborn children
Authors: Panova Marina S. , Panchenko Alexandra S.
Published: February 2018

The problem of ischemic brain damage among newborns is still relevant in the modern world. The frequency of occurrence of this pathology among full-term newborns remains at a fairly high level, both in Russia and abroad. Moreover, it has a high mortality rate and the percentage of early childhood disability is 60-70%, participating in the development of such diseases as minimal brain dysfunction, infantile cerebral palsy, epilepsy. According to the World Health Organization, about 20% of children suffer from neuropsychic disorders, whose causes in 65-80% of cases are perinatal brain lesions of hypoxic origin. The article deals with modern concepts of molecular genetic mechanisms of development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy among newborns, as well as issues of classification and conditions under which this pathology develops. The author studied the latest domestic and foreign literature data on the properties and role of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, which are, according to modern concepts, one of the main links in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain injury. Also, special attention is paid to their genetic polymorphism, since qualitatively or quantitatively the genetically altered molecules of cytokines affect the immune response. Investigation of the level of cytokines and their genetic polymorphism before the onset of clinical symptoms will allow prediction the onset of the disease and preventing the adverse effects of the damage of the central nervous system.
ANALYSIS OF NONSURGICAL POSTOPERATIVE VENTRAL HERNIA PREDICTORS
Authors: Lebedev S N , Fedoseev A V , Inyutin A S , Muraviyev S Yu
Published: February 2018

Aim. The aim of this study was to detect the predictors of the postoperative herniation in midline laparotomy as the most frequent type of approach in urgent surgery. The study included retro-and-prospective analysis of 398 case histories. Analysis was performed according to 45 signs. Materials and methods. The following parameters were taken into account: Kettle index, anterior abdominal wall status, presence of the signs of undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia, hard physical labour, use of bandage in the postoperative period as well as blood erythrocyte and hemoglobin indices, bilirubin and creatinine levels. Separately, the following parameters were assessed: presence of aponeurosis defects (physically and by US data) and presence of hernia outpouching. Results. According to the obtained data, the indications to preventive endoprosthetic replacement of the anterior abdominal wall were formed. Conclusions. Combination of some factors, not connected with surgical treatment, raises the risk for herniation, being the indication to preventive endoprosthesis replacement of the abdominal wall.
STRUCTURE OF REPRODUCTIVE LOSSES
Authors: Olina A A , Sadykova G K , Galinova I V
Published: February 2018

Aim. To assess the dynamics of reproductive losses in Perm during the period of 2006 to 2016. Materials and methods. The following statistical forms were analyzed: 13 “Data on abortion”; 32 “Data on medical care rendered to pregnant, parturient women and puerperas”; 14 “Data on hospital activity” in Perm over the period from 2006 to 2016, taking into account changes in live birth criteria, registered in 2012. Results. Decrease in reproductive losses is an important reserve for improving demographic situation. Reproductive losses are the losses of conception product at all the stages of fetus development, caused by spontaneous and stimulated abortion, dead birth as well as death of first-year of life children. For the analyzed period, increase in the number of labors by 8 times and reduction in the number of medical abortions (losses - 71 %) was noted. In the structure of pregnancies with abortive outcome, the share of extrauterine pregnancy remains at the same level. A threefold decrease in dead births is observed. Conclusions. Reproductive losses in Perm are the following: I place - early miscarriage; II - extrauterine pregnancy; III - late miscarriage; IV - mortinatality. The place, occupied by the losses of desired pregnancies, becomes more and more significant. That is why we need to accentuate specialists’ attention on the problems of family planning, pregravid preparation and management of pregnancy at early terms.
Rupture uterus: a retrospective analytical study
Authors: Prajapati Shetal S. , Goswami Kamal D. , Dudharejia Kavita M. , Kannar Avani N. , Parmar Prakash H.
Published: February 2018

Background: Over 500,000 women die each year due to complications of pregnancy and childbirth, a number that has remained relatively unchanged since 1990, when the first global estimates of the burden of maternal mortality were developed (WHO 2005). Objective of present study was to find out risk factors, management, related complications and associated maternal morbidity and mortality with rupture uterus.Methods: A retrospective analytical study was performed at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India over a period of 3 years during 2014-2016. Evaluation of maternal age, parity, SE status, booking status, obstetric risk factors, duration of hospital stay, causes of rupture uterus, Management, intra-op and post-operative complications, maternal morbidity and mortality was done.Results: Total 29 cases of rupture uterus were found during study period. Most of them belong to age group of 21-30 (77.17%), Primipara (41.3%), Lower socioeconomic status (86.2%) and unbooked (65.52%) cases. Most common cause of rupture uterus was prolonged obstructed labor (51.72%) while scarred uterus (41.73%), transverse lie (3.44%) and injudicious use of oxytocin (3.44%) were others. In 16 cases obstetric Hysterectomy (55.17%) was performed while in 13 cases repair (44.82%) was done. We have found 2 cases of maternal death (6.89%) while study period with rupture uterus.Conclusions: Present retrospective analytical study has concluded that rupture uterus is a life threatening complication. Proper antenatal and intrapartum care, identification of high risk factors, promotion of skilled attendance at birth and institutional delivery are key factors in reduction and early diagnosis.
Role of total leukocyte count and C-reactive protein in diagnosis of acute appendicitis
Authors: Dnyanmote Anuradha , Ambre Sagar Ramesh , Doshi Foram , Ambre Snehal
Published: February 2018

Background: Acute appendicitis is still one of the most common surgical emergencies. This study was conducted to check the sensitivity and specificity of Total leukocyte count (TLC) and C Reactive Protein (CRP) of acute appendicitis. Aim and objectives were to check the sensitivity and specificity of total leukocyte count in diagnosis of acute appendicitis and to check the sensitivity and specificity of CRP in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. To determine TLC and CRP efficacy in diagnosis of acute appendicitis.Methods: TLC and CRP were calculated in all patients who were planned to undergo appendectomy. Appendectomies were performed independent of results of TLC and CRP levels. For statistical purpose the patients were assigned into 2 groups- Group-A Patients with inflamed/perforated/gangrenous appendix, Group-B patients with Normal appendix. The normal TLC and CRP values, raised TLC, raised CRP, and raised both TLC and CRP values calculated in each of these groups. Sensitivity and Specificity were calculated. The cut off value for TLC was 11x106/L. This value was selected arbitrarily as it corresponds to the elevated TLC. The CRP levels were calculated and cut off value was taken as 1.7mg/dl.Results: Out of 75 cases, 55 were male and 20 were female. Age ranged from 13 to 58 years. CRP was raised in 82.14% of inflamed appendix cases TLC was raised in 76.79% of inflamed appendix cases and both was raised in 92.5% of inflamed appendix cases.Conclusions: TLC and CRP are useful in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Negative appendicectomy rate can be decreased.
An epidemiological study of prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among non migratory tribal population of Mawai block of Mandla district of central India
Authors: Gupta Vishnu K. , Rai Neeraj , Toppo Neelam Anupama , Kasar Pradeep Kumar , Nema Parul
Published: February 2018

Background: Hypertension is the most recognized modifiable risk factor of CVD, stroke and end stage renal disease and it is directly responsible for 57% of all stroke and 24% of all coronary heart disease related deaths in India. There is paucity of data on hypertension among tribal population. Addiction of Nicotine and some cultural practices like alcohol intake is common in tribal, which are the known risk factor for NCDs. Therefore, the study of health status of tribal communities related to hypertension, is highly desirable and essential. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of hypertension and associate risk factors among non migratory tribal population. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from March 2015 to February 2016 among 762 adults aged 20-65 years who were non migratory residents of Mawai block of Mandla districts, and they were selected through multi stage random sampling method. Results: Hypertension prevalence was 27.1% among study population. 82.2% study subjects had never undergone for blood pressure check-up. Prevalence was significantly associated with high age group. It was slightly more among the study subjects taking mixed diet than to pure vegetarian. Smoking and alcohol intake was found to be significantly associated with hypertension. It was more prevalent among mild and sedentary workers and association was significant with BMI ≥25. Conclusions: In the study every fourth study individual is Hypertensive, where smoking (in any form) and obesity was found as commonest risk factor for it.
Sacred, Memory and Rite
Authors: Quadros Elton Moreira
Published: February 2018

Abstract: we reflect on the characteristics of the sacred in its relationship to memory and how this relationship occurs especially in the Catholic rite. For that, we dialogue with the work of Mircea Eliade and Rudolf Otto, with the Jewish interpretations of moments in which memory and the sacred meet and their displacement and reinterpretation in Christianity

Sagrado, Memória e Rito no Catolicismo

Resumo: refletimos sobre as características do sagrado em sua relação com a memória e como essa relação se dá, especialmente, no rito católico. Para tanto, dialogamos com a obra de Mircea Eliade e Rudolf Otto, com as interpretações judaicas de momentos em que a memória e o sagrado se encontram e seu deslocamento e reinterpretação no cristianismo.
Моделювання високоточної системи визначення просторової орієнтації під дією збурень зовнішнього середовища
Authors: Sushchenko Olha
Published: February 2018

Мета: У статті розглянуто проблеми моделювання робастних високоточних систем визначення просторової орієнтації, які можуть використовуватися у навігації морських рухомих об’єктів. Головною метою є створення математичної моделі, пристосованої для моделювання збуреної системи, та моделей збурень зовнішнього середовища. Методи дослідження: Для розв’язання даної проблеми було використано теорію робастних систем управління, теорію фільтрації та теорію ймовірностей. Результати: Представлено модель збуреної системи визначення просторової орієнтації, створеної за допомогою засобів Simulink. Запропоновано вираз для визначення моменту збурення. Виконано аналіз можливих збурень зовнішнього середовища для системи досліджуваного типу. Отримано моделі збурень зовнішнього середовища на основі теорії фільтрації. Виконано порівняння двох підходів до розробки моделей зовнішнього середовища. Висновки: Представлено результати моделювання високоточної системи визначення просторової орієнтації рухомих об’єктів з урахуванням збурень зовнішнього середовища. Отримані результати можуть бути корисними для проектування високоточних навігаційних систем рухомих об’єктів.
Вплив мікродоз жирних кислот екстракту сitrullus colocynthis на ліпопротеїди крові щурів з цукровим діабетом 1 типу
Authors: Kryvosheyeva Oksana , Garkava Katerina , Natrus Larysa
Published: February 2018

Мета: Дослідити вплив мікродоз жирних кислот (ЖК) частково знежиреного сухого екстракту Citrullus colocynthis на ліпідний обмін щурів з цукровим діабетом (ЦД) 1 типу. Методи дослідження: Сировину знежирювали шляхом екстракції в апараті Сокслета за умов скорочення часу випарювання. За допомогою газорідинного хроматографічного дослідження виявлено у складі отриманого сухого екстракту Citrullus colocynthis слідові концентрації ЖК. Результати: Встановлено, що введення щурам екстракту рослинного розчину Citrullus colocynthis в дозі 400 мг/кг викликає перерозподіл класів ліпопротеїдів до значень контрольної групи. Доза 200 мг/кг – не викликає статистично достовірних змін ліпопротеїдів плазми крові. Висновки: Узагальнено, що екстракт Citrullus colocynthis який містить мікродози ЖК при їх рівномірному розподілу позитивно впливає на ліпідний обмін, не сприяє підвищенню загального холестерину, не викликає збільшення маси тіла.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE SER HUMANO E NATUREZA: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE A SOCIEDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Gonçalves Teresinha Maria , Follmann José Ivo
Published: February 2018

Este artigo se constitui como um aporte teórico na perspectiva de uma reflexão sobre os valores que orientam as relaçõesdo ser humano entre si e deste com anatureza. Apresenta uma discussão sobre a produção da subjetividade na sociedade contemporâneano contexto onde a qualidade de vida recoloca os valores associadosà vida e à dignidade. Questiona o atual modelo desenvolvimento que exacerba a degradação socioambiental, exaure a natureza e aumenta as desigualdades sociais. Urge, neste contexto, investir na mudança de valores e atitudes socioambientais, pois que a degradação do ambiente reflete, em última instância, a própria degradação dos seres humanos e da humanidade, em sua incapacidade de reconhecimento de sua própria dignidade e do valor da vida.
MODELLING AS A KNOWLEDGE GAINING TECHNIQUE FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WHO LEARN SOLVING COMPLEX TASKS
Authors: Makarova Aleksandra , Musiychuk Sergey , Damazio Ademir
Published: February 2018

Abstract.Using an example of composite tasks and the teaching techniquebehind them, the authors describe how primary school students learn to use modelling as part of their knowledge gaining process in education. The use of modelling during math classes is one of the pre-conditions for successful learning with primary school children as with the help of modelling children can better imagine what the task implies and better understand the relationship between different values, which enhances their awareness when deciding on what operation to apply, and so on.The article describes different models and submodels used by teachers for taskmodelling. It is noted that when learning how to solve composite tasks, children learn to reflect and acquire the ability to act inside their minds and analyze their thinking.Keywords: Knowledge gaining, mathematics teaching, modelling, compositetask.
LEGAL EDUCATION AS A METHOD FOR MITIGATING DEVIANT BEHAVIOR OF MINORS
Authors: Martynova Nataliia , Borovkova Nataliia
Published: February 2018

Abstract. This article studies legal education as a method for mitigating deviantbehavior of minors. It analyzes importance of legal culture of teens that can be fostered by forms and methods of educational environment, improves activity of the young, regulated individual behavior based on moral motivation of the personality. Need and expediency of sense of justice which acquaints minors with knowledge of the state and the right, legality, the rights and personal freedoms, development at teenagers of steady orientation to law-abiding behavior is defined.Keywords: legal education, educational environment, deviant behavior, moralmotivation.
Percentage depth dose (PDD) and Beam profile measurements using CT based MAGAT gel dosimetry system and Monte Carlo calculation
Authors: Aljamal Mohammad
Published: February 2018

Abstract

The aim of this project is to develop and to evaluate the CT based MAGAT (methacrylic acid, gelatine and tetrakis phosphonium chloride) polymer gel dosimetry for measuring 3D dose distributions in radiation treatment. The MAGAT gel was prepared based on the formulation proposed in the literature. The percentage depth dose (PDD) and beam profile of 8 x 8 cm2 field size photon beam from a 6 MV linear accelerator were measured. Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to calculate PDD and beam profiles in the simulated MAGAT gel phantom to verify the data measured using MAGAT gel dosimetry for the 8 x 8 cm2 field size. The PDD and beam profile calculated using simulated MAGAT gel phantom agreed very well with that measured using MAGAT gel dosimetry. However, there were some differences between the simulated PDD with that measured at the surface region due to the electron contamination at the surface of the simulated phantom. In conclusion, the results showed that the CT based MAGAT gel dosimetry system is promising method to measure three- dimensional dose distribution based on PDD and Beam profile measurement.

Keywords: MAGAT gel, CT, Monte Carlo simulation
Comparing ols and rank-based estimation techniques for production analysis: An application to Ghanaian maize farms.
Authors: De-Graft Acquah Henry
Published: February 2018

This paper introduces the rank-based estimation method to modelling the Cobb-Douglas production function as an alternative to the least squares approach. The intent is to demonstrate how a nonparametric regression based on a rank-based estimator can be used to estimate a Cobb-Douglas production function using data on maize production from Ghana. The nonparametric results are compared to common parametric specification using the ordinary least squares regression. Results of the study indicate that the estimated coefficients of the CobbDouglas Model using the Least squares method and the rank-based regression analysis are similar. Findings indicated that in both estimation techniques, land and Equipment had a significant and positive influence on output whilst agrochemicals had a significantly negative effect on output. Additionally, seeds which also had a negative influence on output was found to be significant in the robust rank-based estimation, but insignificant in the ordinary least square estimation. Both the least squares and rank-based regression suggest that the farmers were operating at an increasing returns to scale. In effect this paper demonstrate the usefulness of the rank-based estimation in production analysis.

JEL CODE: Q18, D24, Q12, C1 and C67
Extent and characteristic of diversification among Hungarian agricultural holdings
Authors: Kissné Nagy Csilla
Published: February 2018

Through the connection to rural resources agriculture has an impact on the three functions of countryside: ecology, society and economy. Resources of economy and production environment are continuously changing thus farmers have to adapt to these changing circumstances. One of the adaptation methods is the diversification of activities to promote effective capacity utilization and additional profit. However there is no standard definition of diversification from the point of agricultural economics aspect both traditional approaches and the influence of European Union should also be considered to define it. Diversification and alternative income opportunities could be subsistence possibilities for several farmers. This could be defined not only at private holdings’ but at enterprises’ level. According to a traditional approach Hungarian statistical databases collect on-farm and off-farm agricultural activities depending on the connection to resources of a farm business. Analysing this database an overall picture could be defined considering the position and characteristic of diversified farmers and the popularity of each activity among agricultural producers. Based on a study, published in 2011 (Hamza, 2011) this paper also involves the latest statistical data (2010, 2013). Analysing dataset of period 2000-2013 this paper gives an overall overview about national and regional position and characteristics of diversified holdings and activities.

JEL code: Q19
Caves, as touristic attractions in Hungary: Adventure, health, culture, ecotourism
Authors: Béki Piroska , Metzger József , Lasztovicza Dóra
Published: February 2018

Hungary offers abundant opportunities for discovering the mysterious world of caves. In Hungary there are around 4100 caves; although only a small number of them are open to the public, they offer a variety of attractions. As they are an important part of tourism, switching them, exploring them and making them accessible for a wider audience generates interest for visitors from different parts of the country. The adrenaline releasing sports offers us new ways of coping with stress, and has had an increasing importance in our lives in the 21st century. Discovering these underground miracles presents a new challenge for travelers. The interest in caves exploded in the 20th century, when ecotourism, longing to get back to nature, and the goal of improving one’s health became leading motivations for travelling. The present research is aimed at surveying, to what extent students of the recreation department are familiar with the opportunities provided by cave tourism and how up-to-date their related knowledge is. The following work introduces opportunities in cave tourism and intends to expose upon gaps in the related marketing strategy. The research questions are the following: Are students familiar with opportunities of cave tourism? What services do the caves they know offer? Are they up-to-date in cave-related news? On what forums do cave tourism appear?
How economic recession effect the corporate philanthropy? Evidence from Pakistani corporate sector
Authors: Zulfiqar Sehar
Published: February 2018

Corporate philanthropy is a significant indicator of firm’s socially responsible behavior. Researchers and managers acknowledge the immense potential of corporate philanthropy for optimizing social and economic benefits. Aligned with this view corporate sector in Pakistan is engaged in philanthropic initiatives in some form or another. This paper aims to present the response of the Pakistani corporate sector to the corporate philanthropy at the time of global economic recession 2008-2009 by analyzing the sample of Public Listed Companies (PLCs). The analysis revealed that during the global financial crisis, the economic condition of Pakistan was worsened that was already in distress, but it hasn’t strongly effected the corporate philanthropy as the data shows a slight decrease in the overall volume of corporate donations in 2007 and a slight decrease in the number of companies engaged in philanthropy during 2008. The finding of the study suggests that during the global economic downturn the PLCs in Pakistan continued to show commitment towards community through corporate donations.

JEL code: B22
Condições de saneamento do bairro Ururaí em Campos dos Goytacazes, estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Pinheiro Torquato Ferreira , Da Silva Tatiana Andrade Rocha , Pestana Melissa dos Santos Vidal , De Souza Valeria Marcelino , Lima Rodrigo Maciel
Published: February 2018

O presente trabalho expõe um diagnóstico das condições de saneamento básico do bairro de Ururaí, situado em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. O estudo baseou-se em um método qualiquantitativo de coleta de dados, utilizando os seguintes instrumentos de pesquisa: registro fotográfico, entrevista semiestruturada com os moradores e análises físico-química e microbiológica da qualidade da água dos domicílios e do rio Ururaí. Por meio do registro fotográfico foi constatada uma não uniformidade do sistema de saneamento no bairro. Entre os domicílios onde foram realizadas as entrevistas, verificou-se, na primeira parte da comunidade, que 63% dos moradores não estão satisfeitos com o serviço de saneamento básico, enquanto que, na segunda parte, esse percentual é bem mais elevado, totalizando 83%. Durante a investigação, foi verificada a presença de bactérias do grupo coliforme em amostras de água coletadas no rio Ururaí e nas amostras das casas dos moradores. Com base nos resultados foi possível verificar a precariedade dos serviços envolvendo o saneamento básico na região. Desse modo, esse trabalho propõe uma futura ação educativa no bairro.
Perspectivas gerativistas para o estudo da linguagem
Authors: Santana Mauro Simões
Published: February 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma sistematização da evolução dos estudos linguísticos gerativistas. Inicialmente, o artigo descreve os principais argumentos que fundamentam o cognitivismo gerativista e que o diferenciam da tradição empirista. Em seguida, alguns modelos de gramática surgidos na teoria gerativa são apresentados. Serão referenciadas também as convergências e divergências entre o estudo gerativista teórico e o estudo psicolinguístico. Achados da psicolinguística pautados em métodos que consideram a codificação linguística do falante em tempo real e interferência de padrões prosódicos sugerem que o estudo gerativista teórico deve aperfeiçoar seus métodos de pesquisa para que suas predições sejam mais bem fundamentadas.
A ideologia da ideologia de gênero e a escola
Authors: Lemos Linovaldo Miranda
Published: February 2018

O objetivo do presente texto é o de trazer elementos à compreensão da relação entre ideologia e gênero de forma a contribuir com o debate atual sobre a chamada “ideologia de gênero” e a educação. Embora se trate de argumentos genéricos e sem base científica sólida, os críticos à discussão sobre gênero na escola acabam por criar, eles próprios, uma mistificação da realidade, uma visão de mundo imaginada a ser imposta de forma acrítica. O objetivo do texto foi trazer ao debate a natureza da ideologia e a impossibilidade de se pensar numa neutralidade científica e política em qualquer âmbito de nossas vivências, aí incluída e destacada, a escola.
Educação Permanente: reflexões introdutórias no âmbito do Serviço Social e da saúde
Authors: Nunes Keiza da Conceição , Silva Camilla de Alvarenga , Corona Jefferson Bruno
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho busca apresentar breves reflexões teóricas acerca da Educação Permanente em Saúde e da Educação Permanente na esfera do Serviço Social. No âmbito do Serviço Social teremos como base a Política de Educação Permanente do conjunto CFESS-CRESS e demais estudos sobre essa temática, enfatizando a importância da Educação Permanente para uma formação e atuação comprometida com o Projeto Ético-Político Profissional e com o Projeto de Reforma Sanitária.
Defending Environmental Rights: an Ecological Democracy Perspective
Authors: Pratisti Siti Aliyuna
Published: February 2018

Environmental problems are amongst the most complex issues faced by the government. The reason why such problem is difficult to tackle lie within its basic assumption which often contradictory to the country’s development agenda. Take an example of Cement Plant controversy that happened recently – the plant that situated in Mount Kendeng, Pati, Central Java, considered harmful to the surrounding and threatening the environmental right of the people who lives in nearby areas. This case can be referred as government misconduct on neglecting basic environmental right. Environmental rights itself are commonly understood as the reformulation and expansion of existing human rights and duties in the context of environmental protection. However, although it has received much attention at grass root level conveyed by activist group and people based community, environmental rights still do not have strong recognition, whether in domestic level and also in international level. Therefore, this research attempt to modulate recognition on environmental right by emphasizing ecological democracy perspective, particularly in public participation in environmental policy making. Public participation is vital to ecological democracy as the key to sustainable development and in defending the environmental rights. The concept itself tries to bridge the government and public needs – to ensure that the public can participate in any ways by providing feedback and solutions. There are three main types of environmental rights – procedural, substantive, and solidarity. As for this research, we will focus on solidarity aspects, to explain the public engagement in environmental policy making.
Indonesian Migrant Worker Policies and the Vulnerability of Women Migrant Workers to Becoming Trafficking Victims: an Overview of Recent Legislation
Authors: Rahayu Ninik
Published: February 2018

This study will provide an overview of how migrant worker protection policies should govern all forms of protection for migrant workers, especially women workers who often face violent abuse as overseas domestic workers in receiving countries, and then problems when they return to their villages. It outlines several laws that deal with problems of abuse associated with migration such as the Law Eradication of Trafficking in Person, and other regulation. Indonesia Government has made a good initiative by amending the policies of migrant workers with the aim of prioritizing protection, including how to harmonize other policies. This is a good starting point for implementing all commitments to the extent that commitments to protect migrant workers, especially women migrant workers who are still vulnerable to violence and threats of trafficking.
Maca: del alimento perdido de los incas al milagros de los andes. estudio de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional
Authors: Gonzales Gustavo Francisco
Published: February 2018

El estudio ha sido diseñado para determinar el estado de salud en una población en los Andes centrales del Perú (Carhuamayo, 4100 m) que tradicionalmente consume maca comparado con aquella del mismo lugar que no consume maca. El estudio consiste en aplicar una encuesta sobre consumo de maca, aspectos sociodemográficos, de salud, y de fracturas en varones y mujeres de 35- 75 años de edad. A una submuestra se ha evaluado el perfil hepático, renal, y de hemoglobina. El 80% de los pobladores de Carhuamayo consumen maca. El 85% de esta población lo usa por motivos nutricionales. Se consume desde la niñez y principalmente cuando el hipocótilo es deshidratado naturalmente. El consumo es principalmente en forma de jugo y la variedade de consumo es una mezcla de colores. El consumo de maca se asocia a mejores puntajes de estado de salud, menores tasas de fracturas y menores puntajes de signos y síntomas de mal de montaña crónico. Se asocia igualmente al consumo de maca un menor Indice de Masa Corporal, y menor presión arterial sistólica. La función hepática, renal, el perfil lipídico y la glicemia se mantienen en lo normal. En conclusión, el consumo de maca como alimento es seguro.
Segurança alimentar e desenvolvimento rural: limites e possibilidades do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos da agricultura familiar, em municípios do sul gaúcho.
Authors: Becker Cláudio , Anjos Flávio Sacco dos
Published: February 2018

Este artigo aborda o processo de implementação do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) e suas implicações no contexto do desenvolvimento rural e da segurança alimentar e nutricional das famílias beneficiadas. O estudo que originou o presente trabalho foi realizado junto a sessenta agricultores familiares distribuídos em três municípios do extremo sul gaúcho. As informações coletadas junto às comunidades rurais compuseram um banco de dados, que serviram de base para a nossa análise. Os autores objetivam demonstrar que a intervenção estatal pode ser capaz de interferir positivamente na dinâmica produtiva das famílias rurais, auxiliando na geração de renda, manutenção das práticas e cultivos tradicionais, na produção agroecológica, possibilitando, desta forma, novas perspectivas para a sua reprodução social. Através do fornecimento de alimentos ao PAA, grupos sociais marginalizados puderam ser incluídos no processo produtivo e a organização social da produção se viu favorecida nestas localidades. A valorização dos produtos locais/regionais pelo programa, atuou na retomada e manutenção das práticas de autoconsumo entre os beneficiados. Não menos importante, diagnosticamos diversos novos processos sociais provocados junto aos organismos que operam com o PAA nos municípios analisados, tornando-se esta política pública e as instituições a ela implicadas, como precursoras de uma nova dinâmica de desenvolvimento.
Estimativa de ferro biodisponível em dietas de creches filantrópicas da cidade de São Paulo: considerações sobre a fortificação da farinha de trigo com ferro
Authors: Machado Edna Helena da Silva , Sales Cristiane Hermes , Brasil Anne Lise Dias , Braga Josefina Aparecida Pellegrini , Colli Célia
Published: February 2018

Objetivo: Estimar o ferro biodisponível nas dietas oferecidas às crianças de um a dois anos de idade, em creches filantrópicas do município de São Paulo, e, a partir dos cardápios avaliar o ferro considerando as alterações na concentração de ferro dietético pela fortificação das farinhas de trigo.Métodos: O ferro total e o ferro biodisponível foram estimados nas quatro refeições diárias planejadas para um período de cinco dias, utilizando-se os cardápios padronizados adotados em oito creches filantrópicas do município de São Paulo. Considerando-se a concentração de ferro de cada dieta individual, bem como a de proteína animal e de vitamina C, calculou-se a quantidade de ferro biodisponível ofertada a cada refeição, utilizando-se a equação de Monsen e Balintfly, que possibilita essa estimativa, a partir da relação entre esses fatores. Estimou-se ainda, nas mesmas dietas, o ferro total e biodisponível e suas densidades, considerando-se o acréscimo na concentração de ferro não heme derivado da fortificação de farinha de trigo e de milho com 4,2 mg Fe/100 g. Para o cálculo da oferta de nutrientes das dietas, foi utilizado o Programa Nutwin®, versão 1.5.Resultados: A quantidade média diária de ferro e de ferro biodisponível oferecidos com as dietas foram de 6,2(0,8) mg/d e 0,53(0,06) mg/d. Levando-se em conta a fortificação, esses valores aumentaram para, respectivamente, 7,7(0,9) mg/d e 0,59(0,07) mg/d. As médias de densidade de ferro e de f e r ro biodi sponíve l com e sem for t i f i c a ç ão, for am de , r e spe c t ivament e , 5,8(1,3) mg/1.000 kcal e 7,7(1,7) mg/1.000 kcal, e 0,42(0,10) mg/1.000 kcal e 0,49(0,13) mg/1.000 kcal.Conclusão: Embora com a fortificação da farinha de trigo tenha havido aumento na concentração do ferro total nas dietas avaliadas (24 %), a estimativa de ferro biodisponível ofertado mudou apenas 11 %. Para garantir o atendimento das necessidades diárias de 1,26 mg/d (percentil 97,5), considerando a biodisponibilidade de 9,0 % obtida nas dietas ofertadas a essas crianças, a recomendação deveria ser de cerca de 13 mg/d, e não de 7 mg/d. Esse nível de ingestão de ferro não poderia ser atingido somente com a fortificação das farinhas.
Embates em torno da segurança e soberania alimentar: estudo de perspectivas concorrentes
Authors: Marques Paulo Eduardo Moruzzi
Published: February 2018

A propagação da noção de soberania alimentar nos últimos anos leva a pensar nos pontos de vista em jogo no campo de debate sobre os problemas alimentares. Deste modo, é possível identificar que a polissemia em torno da noção de segurança alimentar deixa margem para ambivalências, o que provoca descontentamentos. É nestas circunstâncias que a defesa da soberania alimentar ganha terreno, noção favorável à diversidade das agriculturas do mundo e propícia ao reconhecimento de seus múltiplos papéis. Aqui, trata-se de uma releitura da evolução dos sentidos e das concorrências em torno da segurança alimentar a fim de evidenciar as razões que conduzem a construção da noção de soberania alimentar. Ademais, as estratégias de agricultores familiares brasileiros são examinadas em termos de perspectivas de soberania alimentar.
Oilseed production and sustainable development in northern Brazil: impact on farm income and food security
Authors: Finco Marcus Vinícius Alves , Finco Fernanda Dias Bartolomeu Abadio
Published: February 2018

Biofuel production has been a greatly discussed topic in Brazil. In 2004, these debates lead the country to develop new policies and to implement a national program for biodiesel use and production (PNPB) with the intent to increase the share of renewable energy and foster regional development. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the impact of small-scale oilseed production on income generation, as well as on food production. For this purpose, a cross sectional study was conducted with family farmers in the state of Tocantins, in a transition area between the Savannah and the Amazon rain forest. Ranges of socio-economic indicators were collected among smallholders who cultivate Jatropha curcas and Ricinus communis. The preliminary results point towards a negative relationship between oilseed activity and local food production, harming the local food security. In addition, the farm income generated by the oilseed activity is lower than conventional crops, such as maize and cassava, for instance. This research is unprecedented in the region and the results can be extremely valuable in supporting regional and national policies on clean energy; helping Brazil to achieve the regional sustainable development.
Proposta de plano para Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC) para o processo de industrialização da água mineral
Authors: Gomes Tatiane Vidal Dias , Silva Marina Rennó , Conceição Caetano da , Azeredo Denise Rosane Perdomo
Published: February 2018

O mercado mundial de água mineral é o terceiro que mais cresce entre as bebidas não-alcoólicas e, em 2007, alcançou um volume de negócios de US$ 100 bilhões, com a produção de 206 bilhões de litros. No entanto, existe grande preocupação quanto à qualidade microbiológica, química e física da água mineral fornecida aos consumidores. Neste trabalho, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico dos principais perigos e propôs-se um plano de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC), com o objetivo de assegurar que a água mineral seja inócua à saúde do consumidor. Para a definição dos pontos críticos e elaboração da proposta do plano APPCC foi validado um fluxograma das etapas de industrialização da água mineral em uma indústria do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e utilizou-se um diagrama decisório adaptado do Codex Alimentarius. Os principais perigos constatados foram: microrganismos patogênicos (E. coli enteropatogênica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringes, cistos de Criptosporidium parvum), agentes químicos (agrotóxicos e metais tóxicos), e físicos (corpos estranhos e fragmentos de insetos). A implementação do plano APPCC deve ser precedida pela implantação de um programa de pré-requisitos que consiste da proteção e sanificação dos poços e adoção de boas práticas de higiene na captação, transporte, industrialização e comercialização da água mineral. As etapas consideradas críticas foram: o reservatório de água, a filtração e o envase.
Direito humano à alimentação: marco conceitual e legal para a presença do setor público brasileiro no abastecimento de frutas, legumes e verduras
Authors: Wegner Rubia Cristina
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar as Centrais de Abastecimento (CEASAs) como estruturas que apresentam condições para centralizarem ações reguladoras do abastecimento de Frutas, Legumes e Verduras. O Direito Humano à Alimentação (DHA) representaria embasamento para a regulação pública em aspectos como padronização e classificação desses alimentos e das suas embalagens. Parte-se da compreensão do abastecimento como um dos determinantes das condições de acesso e de disponibilidade de alimentos nas cidades. A vigência de um Sistema Nacional de Centrais de Abastecimento (SINAC) de 1972 a 1986 serviu de parâmetro na análise da configuração entre setor privado – representado pelos supermercados – e setor público – centrais públicas de abastecimento – na distribuição e comercialização de frutas, legumes e verduras. O trabalho se organizou por meio de uma seção que trata o DHA em termos conceituais e como fundamento para presença do setor público no abastecimento e de outra seção na qual se destaca os limites para a realização progressiva desse direito no âmbito de falhas da presença do setor público no abastecimento via CEASAs. Entre ambas é apresentada a metodologia utilizada, quais sejam, entrevista semi-estruturada, revisão bibliográfica, tabulação dos dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF-IBGE) 2002-2003 e 2008-2009, e da plataforma de dados para as centrais de abastecimento (BI-PROHORT). Dentre as principais conclusões se destaca a necessidade de se aproveitar as CEASAs na regulação pública do abastecimento, fundamentando-se, assim, a realização do direito ao alimento.
Un esquema conceptual para identificar localidades com poblaciones em riesgo de anemia y desnutrición crónica
Authors: Vesga Varela Andrea Liliana , Pachón Helena , Hyman Glenn , Monserrate Rojas Fredy Alexander , Zapata-Caldas Emmanuel
Published: February 2018

Datos nacionales e incluso departamentales de anemia y desnutrición crónica se recolectan con periodicidad. Es raro encontrar datos a nivel municipal del estado nutricional de una población, información necesaria para focalizar intervenciones. Un esquema conceptual se desarrolló, aplicó y válido. Datos bioquímicos (prevalencia departamental de hemoglobina infantil < 11 g/dL), antropométricos (prevalencia departamental de talla/edad infantil < -2 Desviación Estándar) y socioeconómicos (a nivel municipal, índice de intensidad de pobreza ó población bajo la línea de pobreza extrema) se usaron para identificar localidades con riesgo de presentar anemia y desnutrición crónica, en 11 países latinoamericanos. En un sistema de información geográfica, se unificaron datos nutricionales y socioeconómicos a un mismo formato espacial, que representaba una localidad en un determinado departamento de un país. Se ubicaron aquellas localidades donde coincidían alta desnutrición (anemia o crónica) y pobreza. Para La desnutrición crónica, hubo una alta relación de localidades identificadas con el esquema, al compararlas con datos recolectados a nivel municipal (8 66%), mas no cuando se comparó con un método estadístico (0%). Este esquema articulado a un software de mapeo facilitó la identificación de localidades con poblaciones en riesgo a anemia y desnutrición crónica. Es importante validar el esquema con estudios de campo.
KEJAHATAN NAMA DOMAIN BERKAITAN DENGAN MEREK
Authors: Nizar Muhammad
Published: February 2018

Indonesia already has an ITE Law governing domain names in general terms and on certain provisions in chapter VI, but the regulation of domain name crimes is not regulated in the ITE Law as mandated in the academic draft of the ITE Bill. The absence of regulation of domain name norm in the ITE Law creates problems with registrant of domain name (registrant) which deliberately register the domain name is bad faith. The characteristic of a crime in a domain name relating to the mark is that the registered domain name has an equation in essence with another party’s well-known brand, the act of doing so by exploiting a reputation for well-known or previously commercially valuable names as domain names for addresses for sites (websites) it manages. The Prosecutor may include articles of the KUHP in filing his indictment before the Court during the absence of special regulatory provisions concerning domain name crime.
BINDING EFFECT OF ARBITRATION CLAUSE TO THIRD PARTIES: PRIVITY OF CONTRACT DOCTRINE Vs. PIERCING THE CORPORATE VEIL
Authors: Simamora Y Sogar , Sujayadi Sujayadi , Yuniarti Yuniarti
Published: February 2018

The arbitration agreement is the legal basis for the arbitration forum to examine and adjudicate the dispute which arose from a private relationship where the parties agree to settle the dispute in arbitration forum. As an agreement, the arbitration agreement still applies the principles of contract, including the principle of privity of contract. In the doctrine of privity of contract, an agreement is only binding and have legal effect only to the parties, the agreement in principle, cannot provide profit or loss to a third party. In the arbitration agreement, only the parties are bound by the arbitration agreement that can become parties to the case investigation. However, in the development of arbitration practice also shows that a third party, not a signatory to the arbitration agreement can be held accountable through an examination of the arbitration case. Such a situation is possible if the third party is resident as a holding company or shareholder of a limited liability company, in which the limited liability company is bound by an arbitration agreement, and the holding company or shareholder proven to perform actions through a subsidiary or a limited liability resulting harm the other party.
Power Limit for Crosswind Kite Systems
Authors: Kheiri Mojtaba , Bourgault Frédéric , Saberi Nasrabad Vahid
Published: February 2018

This paper generalizes the actuator disc theory to the application of crosswind kite power systems. For simplicity, it is assumed that the kite sweeps an annulus in the air, perpendicular to the wind direction (i.e. straight downwind configuration with tether parallel to the wind). It is further assumed that the wind flow has a uniform distribution. Expressions for power harvested by the kite is obtained, where the effect of the kite on slowing down the wind (i.e. the induction factor) is taken into account. It is shown that although the induction factor may be small for a crosswind kite (of the order of a few percentage points), neglecting it in calculations may result in noticeable overestimation of the amount of power harvestable by a crosswind kite system.