bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Lama Menderita Hipertensi dengan Gangguan Pendengaran
Authors: Oktaviana Elisa , Syamdarniati
Published: June 2022

Tujuan: Untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan lama menderita hipertensi dengan pendengaran.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Populasi target adalah semua orang yang menderita hipertensi dan populasi terjangkau adalah penderita hipertensi. Sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 31 orang. Pengukuran penedengaran menggunakan garputala 512 HZ dengan menggunakan uji Rinne, Weber, dan Swabach.
Hasil: bahwa responden yang lama menderita hipertensi 6 Bulan – 1 tahun tidak ada yang mengalami gangguan pendengaran, sedangkan responden yang menderita hipertensi selama lebih dari 3 tahun terdapat 7 orang diantaranya mengalami gangguan pendengaran setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan dengan penala dan memang responden merasakan kemampuan pendengarannya semakin berkurang pada kedua telinga, didapatkan nilai p value sebesar 0,009 yang secara statistik dapat disimpulkan Ha gagal ditolak yang artinya ada hubungan yang bermakna antara Lama Menderita Hipertensi dengan Gangguan Pendengaran.
Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini didapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara lama menderita hipertensi dengan gangguan pendengaran. Sebaiknya dilakukan beberapa intervensi berupa upaya peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang hipertensi beserta dampaknya, agar masyarakat dapat mengurangi atau menjauhi penyebab yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit tersebut karena dapat menyebabkan banyak komplikasi yang membahayakan dan berbagai penurunan fungsi organ termasuk sensori persepsi.
Pendidikan Kesehatan Pada Komunitas “Pola Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat“
Authors: Siti Nurazizah Yuliana , Azmi Anisa , Cahyadi Kurniawan Ikna , Afifah Fani , Nurhidayat Rizky , Dzikrillah Putri
Published: June 2022

Kegiatan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat melalui proses penyadaran dan kontribusi setiap individu dalam menjalani kehidupan sehari-hari yang bersih dan sehat. Usia sekolah merupakan usia yang rentan terhadap berbagai penyakit, oleh karena itu pengawasan kesehatan dimulai dari anak usia sekolah pada jenjang PAUD, SD, SMP, dan SMA agar tercipta sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan mampu bersaing. Siswa sekolah pada umumnya, dan siswa SMP pada khususnya yang tinggal di asrama rentan terhadap penyakit akibat lingkungan yang tidak bersih dan pola hidup yang kurang baik yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan tentang pola hidup bersih dan sehat. menciptakan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat di sekolah sebagai upaya memberdayakan siswa, guru, dan warga sekolah untuk mengetahui, menyadari dan mampu mengamalkan PHBS serta berperan aktif dalam mewujudkan sekolah sehat. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah penyuluhan yang dilanjutkan dengan tanya jawab dan melakukan permainan edukasi ular tangga raksasa. Hasil: Penyuluhan kesehatan tentang PHBS dilaksanakan di MTs Al – Barkah Kecamatan Sadananya dengan diikuti 30 siswa kelas VII. Peserta dapat menyimak materi yang disampaikan pada awal pembukaan yaitu salam, menyampaikan maksud dan tujuan serta kontrak waktu. Selanjutnya menggali informasi tentang PHBS yang sudah diketahui atau belum oleh peserta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hampir 70% peserta merasa belum mendapatkan informasi tentang PHBS dari petugas kesehatan. Kesimpulan: Pendidikan Kesehatan pada Masyarakat “Gaya Hidup Bersih dan Sehat” telah dilaksanakan dan dapat diterima dengan baik oleh guru dan siswa di MTs Al – Barkah Kecamatan Sadananya Kabupaten Ciamis. Siswa sangat antusias dengan kegiatan ini. Kegiatan ini sangat penting khususnya bagi mahasiswa yang tinggal di asrama untuk menyadarkan mereka akan pentingnya menerapkan pola hidup bersih dan sehat. Semoga materi penyuluhan ini dapat diterapkan dan dilaksanakan oleh siswa dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

Kata kunci: pendidikan kesehatan, sehat, bersih, sekolah
Pemberdayaan Pojok Baca Melalui Implementasi Gerakan Nasional Gemar Membaca bagi Masyarakat Kampung Poncowati
Authors: Mudaim  , Ayu Putri Suci , Nurwani Widya , Anindita Elisa , Marsela
Published: June 2022

Background: Creating a reading corner at the Village Hall in realizing government programs, especially the national library in carrying out the reading fondness movement, the Poncowati Village community service group established and facilitated a reading corner service that provided various types of books to be used as public reading material. The books were obtained as a grant from the people of Kampung Poncowati and there are 120 titles available consisting of various fields of education, health, agriculture, fisheries, economics, social, culture, religion, and so on. In managing the reading corner, books are still not in accordance with the needs of the community so that public interest in visiting the Reading Corner is still lacking. Therefore, a solution is needed to overcome this problem through a national program for reading fondness. The national movement for reading fondness is one of the means in realizing a dedicated, clean, orderly and united Indonesia. Through reading materials, there is a lot of information related to character messages that have the potential to change the mindset of the Indonesian people for the better in order to advance and educate the Indonesian people.
Objective: Increase public awareness in rearranging the Reading Corner to attract reading interest in the people of Kampung Poncowati.
Method: This program is implemented through methods of education and training, mentoring, dedication and guidance towards a clean, orderly, mutual cooperation, and service to Indonesia which is expected to be sustainable through the awareness of relevant parties, especially the government and regional libraries in paying attention to village library facilities and infrastructure. which has potential. in realizing the national program of the mental revolution-based reading movement. Through socialization activities for the mental revolution movement through empowerment
Results: The implementation of the core program of Establishing the Reading Corner of Poncowati Village went smoothly because of the enthusiasm of the community to visit the Reading Corner of Poncowati Village starting from children, teenagers to adults.
Pendidikan Perilaku Anak Sekolah Pada Era New Normal Di Panti Asuhan Tabah Kasih
Authors: Syapitri Henny , Aryani Novita , Yonlafado Simanjuntak Edriyani
Published: June 2022

Background: The understanding of children in the Tabah Kasih orphanage about educating schoolchildren's behavior in the new normal era at school needs to be identified. Towards educational adaptation, each school must begin to improve itself to prepare for the implementation of education in the New Normal Era. The implementation of education in schools must be carried out directly, so it must follow strict health protocols.
Objective: This Community Service increases knowledge in terms of the new normal era in the Covid 19 pandemic situation.
Method: This activity uses a health promotion method with an educational approach and demonstration of the new normal era in schools.
Results: The participants who took part in this activity were 32 people consisting of all child patients at the Tabah Kasih Orphanage. All (100%) participants actively participated in demonstration activities and 80% of participants expressed behavior in terms of attitudes/activities in the new normal era in school children.
Conclusion: This community service activity shows that the results in the behavior of orphans apply methods/activities in new normal era situations. The results of this activity can be applied and provide knowledge to school children in new normal era situations.
Pendampingan Asuhan Keperawatan Medikal Bedah pada Pasien dengan Gangguan Sistem Integumen (Snake Bite) di Ruang Anggrek RSUD Banjar
Authors: Nujulul Furqon Muhamad Ramdan , Fitriani Ade , Rahmat Gumilar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Snakebite is a disease of the integumentary system that causes pain for the sufferer and can even result in disability and death.
Objective: This assistance aims to provide a nursing plan to Mrs. O with a medical diagnosis of snake bite in the Anggrek room at the Banjar Hospital in 2022.
Method: Assistance activities are carried out by providing nursing care through 5 stages of the nursing process, namely Assessment, Diagnosis, Nursing Intervention, Nursing Implementation, and Evaluation.
Result: The results showed that the patient's main complaint was pain, the diagnosis that appeared in the patient was acute pain, after being given nursing actions since January 5, the results showed that the patient said he had relaxed a little.
Conclusion: After the process of providing nursing care was carried out on January 5, 2022, the nursing problems found in Ny. O is not resolved and continue the intervention.
Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan tentang Penyakit Asma pada Masyarakat
Authors: Putri Julia , Naela Sangadah Lidia , Wiwin Mulyati Neng , Fitriani Rini
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease that can affect anyone, which is characterized by shortness of breath accompanied by a wheezing sound, but it varies from individual to individual, judging by the severity and frequency of this disease. predicts that in the future there will be an increase in the prevalence of asthma if it is not immediately prevented and handled properly.

Objective: The aim of health education is to increase knowledge about prevention for asthma

Method: The method used in this health education is direct health education (offline) and discussion.

Result: The evaluation results show that the activities have been carried out properly following the indicators and results criteria on the observation sheet instrument.  The observation sheet is based on five dimensions, namely timeliness and duration, participation, knowledge, job description, and problem-solving. The evaluation sheet is filled out by independent observers.

Conclusion: By the evaluation results, health education activities to increase knowledge have been successful with individuals with indicators of timeliness and duration, participation, knowledge, job descriptions, and problem-solving. In the discussion session, all participants were enthusiastic to ask questions and listen and understand what the presenters answered from what they asked. In the post-implementation evaluation session, participants answered what was asked without hesitation. Observation results showed an increase in participant's knowledge. The pre-implementation evaluation showed that 1 out of 7 people gave responses to the questions given, could answer the questions correctly, but after the heath education, participants gave the correct feedback. This shows a change in the status of knowledge before and before health education is carried out. suggestions for this activity need time management so that counseling can be carried out according to the time specified in the SAP.
Penyuluhan Literasi Media: Sosialisasi Cara Cerdas Menggunakan Media Informasi dalam Menanggulangi Disinformasi tentang Vaksin Covid-19 di Desa Karangrau
Authors: Yuda Kusuma Ikhwan , Samodra Galih , Sa'diah Halimatu
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Coronavirus is an RNA virus with a particle size of 120-160 nm. This virus mainly infects animals, including bats and camels. Before the widespread coronavirus outbreak, it was known that there were 6 types of coronavirus that could infect humans, namely alphacoronavirus 229E, alphacoronavirus NL63, betacoronavirus OC43, betacoronavirus HKU1, Severe Acute Respiratory Illness Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The level of public knowledge related to the Coronavirus in Indonesia is still relatively low, therefore it is necessary to carry out socialization on Smart Ways to Use Information Media in Overcoming Disinformation About the COVID-19 Vaccine.
Objective: The purpose of implementing this community service activity (PKM) is to provide information to the public regarding the importance of filtering incoming information so that it does not lead to wrong assumptions or disinformation, especially the issue of the COVID-19 vaccine so that people are not easily fooled and absorb facts well.
Method : This counseling is done by lecture method using posters and leaflets.
Result: The pre-test which was carried out before the delivery of the material showed the results of 52.33 ± 12.30% and after the delivery of the material followed by the post-test the results were 75.00 ± 17.08%.
Conclusion: The counseling participants consisting of 30 respondents from various ages and occupations were able to understand the vaccines for handling COVID-19 that were delivered.
Dukungan Mental dan Psikososial pada Remaja dengan Orang Tua Broken Home
Authors: Indari  , Pitaloka Priasmoro Dian , Dio Fatma Efti , Puspita Vera
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Broken home families are an unfavorable condition and can cause disruption of adolescent development and can lead to juvenile delinquency and psychological disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression. This phenomenon can certainly have a detrimental impact on adolescents if not treated immediately.
Objective: The potential for mental health problems or juvenile delinquency will increase if no efforts are made. The provision of mental health and psychosocial support to adolescents who experience a broken home is expected to provide an intervention so that adolescents do not experience health problems, especially in their mental state.
Method: The method used in this service is the first to conduct mental health screening on broken home adolescents using SRQ 29, then the service team provides education about broken homes and education about psychosocial disorders in adolescents. The next stage is that the youth and the team carry out Mind fullness Sharia Islam (MSI). Service activities were carried out using Zoom meetings due to the Covid 19 Pandemic conditions. The last activity carried out was to evaluate the emotional mental health of adolescents using SRQ 29.
Results: The results of the screening with SRQ showed that 21 adolescents experienced psychosocial disorders, namely 13 adolescents experienced anxiety, 7 adolescents experienced PTSD and one teenager experienced drugs. After educating and giving MSI, adolescents understand about broken homes and additions, characteristics of psychosocial disorders and have strengths after MSI is done.
Conclusion: Based on the results above, it is hoped that support for broken home teenagers can be given with positive activities and appropriate interventions.
Urgensi Penggunaan Smart Contract dalam Transaksi Jual Beli di E-Commerce
Authors: Rizqi Laila Alfina Mayasari , Prasetya Dedi Farera
Published: June 2022

Penggunaan internet yang semakin masif kini mempengaruhi dunia perekonomian yang ditandai dengan lahirnya E-Commerce. Mekanisme E-Commerce yang tidak mempertemukan penjual dan pembeli secara langsung ini memunculkan berbagai permasalahan atas syarat subjektif dan objektif perjanjian jual beli. Oleh karena itu, artikel bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi penggunaan konsep perjanjian berbasis teknologi Smart Contract dalam transaksi jual beli di E-Commerce. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah penggunaan Smart Contract dalam transaksi jual beli di E-Commerce dinilai sangat penting melihat keunggulan dari segi keamanan, verifikasi, perubahan isi perjanjian, dan kekuatan pembuktian.
Proteksi Pekerja Migran dalam Sengketa Perburuhan Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang No 6 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengesahan International Convention On The Protection Of The Rights Of All Migrant Workers And Members Of Their Families Tahun 1990
Authors: Maheswara Mohamad Yuflih Huda , Sari Andrea Monica
Published: June 2022

Konvensi Internasional atas Perlindungan Hak-hak Seluruh Pekerja Migran dan Anggota Keluarganya (International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families) memberi perlindungan bagi hak-hak buruh yang perlu diselaraskan dengan perkembangan saat ini. Konvensi ini menjamin kehormatan serta persamaan kedudukan dan derajat bagi buruh migran di era globalisasi. Dengan berbagai urgensi yang ada saat ini, Konvensi Migran 1990 yang telah diratifikasi menjadi Undang-undang No 6 Tahun 2012 perlu kiranya dianalisis melalui studi hukum normatif sehingga menghasilkan saran optimalisasi beberapa kekosongan dalam Konvensi Migran 1990 tersebut.
Prognostic Value of Serum Parathyroid Hormone in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: D. Hashim Raid
Published: June 2022

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a clinical condition related to prolonged and irreversible loss of renal function. In addition to many others, it is associated with various disorders of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus metabolism which usually appears early in the course of the condition. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a characteristic finding in patients with ESRD secondary to the previously mentioned metabolic abnormalities. The associated increase in plasma level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been correlated to many complications that accompany ESRD. These conditions might represent the major cause of mortality in certain circumstances. In light of this suggested impact of plasma level of PTH on many complications that are usually present in patients with ESRD, it might be of great benefit to regularly test this hormone in such patients.
Sub-Aerial Cyanobacteria: A Survey of Research with Antimicrobial Properties for Pharmaceutical Approaches
Authors: Singh Lakshmi
Published: June 2022

Cyanobacteria also known as Blue Green Algae (BGA) are widely distributed in environments. Cyanobacteria or BGA commonly being aquatic are also reported from terrestrial ecosystems like sub-aerial surface of temples, monuments and building facades etc., represent their versatile habitats and extremophilic nature. These organisms are the excellent material for primary and secondary metabolites has been investigated by ecologists, physiologists, biochemists and molecular biologists. Scientists and young researchers require knowledge of the potential cyanobacteria and their exploitation in order to formulate effective natural compound or drug remedies. A large number of reports in literature stress have acknowledged the use of Cyanobacteria in pharmaceutical and industries, due to the production of different secondary metabolites with diverse bioactivities. However, very less study is being carried out with respect to exploitation of these sub-aerial Cyanobacteria group for production of different secondary metabolites with biological activities. Since many cyanobacteria are also able to survive most type of stress/and or extreme, they may become even more important as antimicrobial agents of pharmaceuticals in the future. Hence, special attention is paid to these groups of organisms.
COVID-19 and Thrombosis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Update
Authors: Izuzquiza-Avanzini Isabel , Gutiérrez-López Raquel , Lorenzo López-Reboiro Manuel , Martínez-Vivero Clara , López-Castro José
Published: June 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pro-inflammatory and prothrombogenic virus with a high mutagenic profile, which produces active infection of variable duration in various organs and systems, and it has been observed that patients who have already suffered from the disease, especially in its more severe forms such as bilateral pneumonia or respiratory distress, present symptoms and signs of chronic multi-organ involvement. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that generate endothelial damage (chronic reactive endotheliitis) and subsequent thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection are still not sufficiently elucidated, and in this chapter, we explore these mechanisms and therapeutic options to reduce prothrombosis and multiple vascular involvement that cause morbidity and mortality in this disease. In particular, we will evaluate heparin doses according to the stage of infection and its correlation with improved survival.
Application of Essential Oils in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Oliyaei Najmeh , Tanideh Nader , Zahra Nasirifar Seyedeh
Published: June 2022

Essential oils (EOs) are natural compounds obtained from algae and different parts of plants. EOs are volatile secondary metabolites and are classified into major groups, including terpenes/terpenoids and aromatic/aliphatic compounds. There are numerous studies about the biological activities of EOs, demonstrating their abilities for the prevention and treatment of diseases. Their biological activities are mainly related to their constituents, such as α-pinene, thymol, 1, 8-cineole, carvacrol, etc. Thus, the use of EOs as pharmaceutical agents for curing several diseases has gained much attraction in recent years. Moreover, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of disease that causes chronic inflammation in the intestine. Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are two main forms of IBD. Some studies have reported the efficacy of EOs in treating IBD, in particular, UC. This chapter will focus on the biomedical application of EOs in the treatment of IBD.
Ion Channels and Neurodegenerative Disease Aging Related
Authors: Cordaro Marika , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Di Paola Rosanna
Published: June 2022

Many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and age-related disorders are caused due to altered function or mutation in ion channels. Ion channels are important in maintaining cell homeostasis because they affect membrane potential and play a critical role in neurotransmitter secretion. As a result, it appears that a potential antiaging therapy strategy should consider treating multiple diseases at the same time or focusing on identifying a common target among the biological processes implicated in aging. In this chapter, we will go over some of the fundamental ideas of ion channel function in aging, as well as an overview of how ion channels operate in some of the most common aging-related disorders.
An Overview of Functional Food
Authors: Ghazanfar Shakira , Muhammad Ali Ghulam , Abid Rameesha , Farid Arshad , Akhtar Nosheen , Akhtar Batool Nahid , Khalid Sharjeel , K. Okla Mohammad , S. Al-Amri Saud , A. Alwasel Yasmeen , Hameed Yasir
Published: June 2022

Functional foods are responsible for the improvement of human health and can significantly reduce the probability of disease in the host body. Functional foods are directly or indirectly part of different food ingredients and can induce functional activities in the host biological system. Functional foods are present in fruits, vegetables, dairy, bakery, cereals and meat products. Functional foods are not additional food supplements, drugs or antibiotics, they are the main component of a normal human and animal diet. Functional foods are cost-effective and easily available in the market. Daily consumption of functional foods can prevent the gastrointestinal diseases and also provide ease against different acute and chronic diseases. Adequate administration of probiotics in a human food can convert a normal food into functional food. This chapter will highlight the effective role of functional food in an individual’s daily life.
Chocolate: Health, Processing, and Food Safety
Authors: Albandary Ahmed , Albandary Fatemah , K. Jaiswal Amit
Published: June 2022

Chocolate is a popular food product internationally, and it is consumed daily. Consuming chocolate has been linked to many human health benefits such as lower cholesterol levels, but there are some negative impacts such as weight gain because of its sugar content. Moreover, food safety issues related to chocolate have existed, and it can be contaminated by any biological, chemical, or physical hazards, which lead to many health issues. Regarding that, this chapter will discuss the benefits and negative impacts of consuming chocolate and provide the process of manufacturing the product.
Microstructures and Deformation Mechanisms of FCC-Phase High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Ming Kaisheng , Zheng Shijian , Wang Jian
Published: June 2022

Strength and ductility are the most fundamental mechanical properties of structural materials. Most metallurgical mechanisms for enhancing strength often sacrifice ductility, referred to as the strength–ductility trade-off. Over the past few decades, a new family of alloys—high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with multi-principal elements, has appeared great potential to overcome the strength–ductility trade-off. Among various HEAs systems, CrFeCoNi-based HEAs with a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure exhibit a great combination of strength, ductility, and toughness via tailoring microstructures. This chapter summarizes recent works on realizing strength–ductility combinations of fcc CrFeCoNi-based HEAs by incorporating multiple strengthening mechanisms, including solid solution strengthening, dislocation strengthening, grain boundary strengthening, and precipitation strengthening, through compositional and microstructural engineering. The abundant plastic deformation mechanisms of fcc HEAs, including slips associated with Shockley partial dislocation and full dislocations, nanotwinning, martensitic phase transformation, deformation-induced amorphization, and dynamically reversible shear transformation, are reviewed. The design strategies of advanced HEAs are also discussed in this chapter, which provides a helpful guideline to explore the enormous number of HEA compositions and their microstructures to realize exceptional strength–ductility combinations.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) Resistance against Last Resort Antibiotics and Novel Approaches to Combat Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Elshimy Rana
Published: June 2022

An important feature complicating the treatment of infections caused by E. coli is the increase in resistance to different antibiotics, even to last resort antibiotics. When resistant bacteria spread to the community, resistance creates comprehensive infection control issues, increasing morbidity for non-hospitalized patients of all ages and sexes. New resistance mechanisms are constantly being described, and new genes and vectors of transmission are identified on a regular basis. This chapter reviews different mechanisms of E. coli resistance against different classes of last resort antibiotics such as fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and polymixins. In addition, E. coli vaccines, epidemiology, and novel approaches to combat antibiotic resistance will be discussed throughout the chapter. In the age of antibiotic resistance and precise microbial genome engineering, many new strategies are now being used to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria, hoping to be our end game weapon. These strategies include CRISPR-Cas antimicrobials, nanobiotics, phage therapy, and probiotics, which promise to have a substantial impact on the way we treat diseases in the future, as we will discuss in the chapter.
Open Innovation Strategies on New Product and Process Development Prospects: A Case of the Automotive Component Manufacturers in South Africa
Authors: Mzwandile Gonyora Arthur , Mashau Pfano
Published: June 2022

Competition between South African Automotive Component Manufacturers ACMs has focused on activities associated with supply chain management such as transporting raw materials and finished products. However, these activities are non-value, adding, so they are an area of relative opportunities for cost reduction; hence new product development presents a significant boost to competitiveness. This chapter\'s primary goal is to determine which open innovation practices can benefit ACMs in developing new products and processes by using a sample survey of 10 ACMs in the automotive manufacturing industry in South Africa. The study adopted a quantitative methodology approach using a 5 Likert structured questionnaire. Data were collected from 33 respondents, including owners, senior and junior managers of ACMs. The results identified that idea generation positively influences the Open Innovation activity of seeking new outside applications for internally developed innovations, knowledge, tools and ideas on new product development. The significant implications are that ACMs should improve their dynamic capabilities to turn ideas generated into new innovative products to remain competitive. This chapter contributes to the existing knowledge by suggesting a contextualised impact of open innovation strategy on sustainable new product development of ACMs in South Africa.
Streamlining Laboratory Tests for HIV Detection
Authors: Prakash Ramakrishna , Krishnamurthy Yashaswini Mysore
Published: June 2022

HIV is a retrovirus that primarily infects CD4 presenting cells of the human immune system, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. People die of AIDS because the disease remains undetected for long periods of time. HIV diagnostic testing has come a long way since it was introduced in the early 1980s. Early diagnosis is key to successful treatment of HIV. Assay selection is based on initial screening results and clinical information provided by the physician, both of which are essential for the laboratory’s ability to make accurate diagnoses. Detecting HIV with high specificity and sensitivity in the early stages of infection requires simple, accurate and economical methods. In this chapter we have described the indications & criteria’s for HIV testing, HIV diagnosis by utilizing variety of immunological and molecular methods, like ELISA, rapid diagnostics, Western blotting, indirect immunoassays, and nucleic acid-based tests. Diagnostic laboratories must use testing algorithms to ensure the accuracy of results and the optimal use of lab resources. Participation in laboratory quality assurance programs are also essential to ensure that diagnostic laboratories provide accurate, timely and clinically relevant test results. HIV testing is the first step in maintaining a healthy life and preventing HIV transmission.
Internal and External Influences on Hydro-Thermal Behavior of Micro-channel Flow
Authors: Ramesh Korasikha Naga , Karthikeya Sharma Thopudurthi , Amba Prasad Rao Gaddale , Madhu Murthy Kotha
Published: June 2022

Microchannel flow is an effective solution for many engineering problems. Application of microchannels is found in various fields such as thermal management of electronics, micro-combustors, biomedical industries, MEMS. In microchannel flow, some internal and external influences such as surface roughness, electric and magnetic fields are very significant and commonly neglected in macro-scale flow. Early research works on microchannels stated that the conventional theories of macro-scale flow were not applicable for microscale flows. Finally, researchers are concluded that the deviation in conventional theories in the case of micro-scale flow is because of neglecting the internal forces, surface roughness, surface wettability, etc., which play a prime role in micro-scale flows. In this chapter, the behavior of microchannel flow under the internal and external influences is discussed. The heat transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics of microchannel flow under the external magnetic field and electric fields are presented. The effect of surface morphology, roughness, electro-osmotic effect, electrophoresis, internal heat generation, and analysis methods is discussed.
CSR and Female Directors: A Review and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Sarajoti Pattarake , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Papangkorn Suwongrat , Treepongkaruna Sirimon
Published: June 2022

Society’s expectations for business are higher than ever. Younger generations believe that organizations that are environmentally and socially conscious are better places to work and the vast majority believe that they will be more loyal to companies that share their values. The responsibilities placed on leaders grow in tandem with the need for social accountability. Gender diversity on corporate boards has been identified as one of the most important drivers of sustainability as well as corporate social responsibility (CSR). Nevertheless, there are the mixed empirical evidences to back up this claim. To fill this void, the purpose of this chapter is to provide readers with a brief overview of theories and empirical evidence supporting the relationship between female directors and CSR. Besides, the chapter attempts to gather the main conceptual contributions on the situation and evolution of the relationship, providing insights regarding future studies.
Biomechanical Design Principles Underpinning Anthropomorphic Manipulators
Authors: William Owen Mahonri , Au Chikit
Published: June 2022

The biomechanical design of an artificial anthropomorphic manipulator is the focus of many researchers in diverse fields. Current electromechanical artificial hands are either in the research stage, expensive, have patents, lack severely in function, and/or are driven by robotic/mechanical principles, which tend to ignore the biological requirements of such designs. In response to the challenges addressed above this chapter discusses the potential of current technology and methods used in design to bridge the chasm that exists between robot manipulators and the human hand. This chapter elucidates artificial anthropomorphic manipulator design by outlining biomechanical concepts that contribute to the function, esthetics and performance of artificial manipulators. This chapter addresses joint stabilization, tendon structures and tendon excursion in artificial anthropomorphic manipulators.
High-Lying Confined Subbands in Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers
Authors: Wang Li
Published: June 2022

In designing the terahertz quantum cascade lasers, electron injection manner indeed plays a significant role to achieve the population inversion. The resonant tunneling process is commonly employed for this injection process but waste more than 50% fraction of populations out of the active region owing to resonance alignment, and the injection efficiency is obviously degraded due to thermal incoherence. An alternative approach is to consider the phonon-assisted injection process that basically contributes to most of the populations to the upper lasing level. However, this manner is still not realized in experiments if a short-period design only containing two quantum wells is used. In this work, it is found in this design that the population inversion is indeed well improved; however, the optical gain is inherently low even at a low temperature. Those two opposite trends are ascribed to a strong parasitic absorption overlapping the gain. The magnitude of this overlap is closely related to the lasing frequency, where frequencies below 3 THz suffer from fewer effects.
Radium-223 and Actinium-225 α-Emitter Radiopharmaceuticals in Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Abbasi Akbar , M.H. Zakaly Hesham , Mirekhtiary Fatemeh
Published: June 2022

In recent decades, multiple radiopharmaceutical conjugates have been tested and shown to be efficacious in treating metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Several types of research have been published on the therapeutic use of α-emitter radiopharmaceuticals, and several authors suggested their treatment superiority. One of the suggested methods is targeted alpha therapy. In this method, alpha radiation delivers energy to cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment while minimizing toxicity to surrounding tissues. In this chapter, the alpha emitter radiopharmaceutical applications in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients were investigated. Hence, we studied the 223Ra and 225Ac α-emitter radiopharmaceuticals application method and distribution of dose throughout human body organs.
Prospecciones subacuáticas en la costa de Mazarrón (Murcia), 2015-2020.Novedades sobre la implantación fenicia en el sureste
Authors: Pinedo Reyes Juan , Jiménez Vialás Helena , Martínez García José Javier , Lajara Martínez José
Published: June 2022

Presentamos en este texto los primeros resultados de las prospecciones subacuáticas acometidas en el entorno de la Isla de Adentro (Mazarrón, Murcia) entre 2015 y 2020. La metodología aplicada ha tenido en cuenta el doble carácter –de investigación y docencia– del proyecto y ha consistido en prospecciones intensivas dirigidas y sondeos en puntos de marcado interés. Las seis campañas desarrolladas hasta ahora confirman un uso intensivo del lugar en la época correspondiente a los conocidos barcos de Mazarrón, finales del siglo VII a.C., pero además muestran indicios claros de una presencia fenicia anterior y de esta área como embarcadero. Todo ello subraya la importancia de este enclave de la costa murciana en el sistema colonial fenicio, donde el Sureste va dibujándose poco a poco como un área esencial a medio camino entre el Estrecho –especialmente la zona de Málaga– e Ibiza.
Salvando la brecha (“GAPS”) entre el conocimiento y la acción
Authors: Catalá-López Ferrán , Repullo-Labrador José Ramón
Published: June 2022

Con este editorial queremos dar la bienvenida a la Revista de Gobierno, Administración y Políticas de Salud (GAPS), así como formular algunas reflexiones sobre la importancia del espacio existente entre el conocimiento y la acción, y la necesidad de contribuir a tender puentes que permitan mejorar las competencias relevantes para gobernar los sistemas de salud hacia mejoras efectivas de su desempeño.
Integration of Wave-Based Non-Destructive Survey Results into BIM Models
Authors: Artus Mathias , Schickert Martin Schickert , Lai Jason , Koch Christian
Published: June 2022

Aging bridges and rising load indices induce increases in bridge deterioration. Several nationalities conduct non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to analyze current bridge conditions. Traditionalpractice relies on exchanging plans and reports. However, sufficient planning and interpretation of NDT surveys require comprehensive building information. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has become an established concept for design, planning, and construction of buildings and structures. Combining the concept of BIM and NDT promises benefits in case of planning and performing surveys and interpret resultant data. This paper describes a framework that incorporates building information, inspection data,and data ofwave-based surveys, for instanceultrasonic and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR),to allow in-depth building assessment.
Contribution of hippocampal BDNF/CREB signaling pathway and gut microbiota to emotional behavior impairment induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress during pregnancy in rats offspring
Authors: Zhao Feng , Wang Kai , Wen Yujun , Chen Xiaohui , Liu Hongya , Qi Faqiu , Fu Youjuan , Zhu Jiashu , Guan Suzhen , Liu Zhihong
Published: June 2022

Background

Numerous studies have shown that exposure to prenatal maternal stress (PMS) is associated with various psychopathological outcomes of offspring. The accumulating evidence linking bacteria in the gut and neurons in the brain (the microbiota-gut-brain axis) has been aconsensus; however, there is a lack of research on the involvement mechanism of gut microbiota in the regulation of the BDNF/CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus of prenatally stressed offspring.

Methods

Pregnant rats were subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to establish the prenatal maternal stress model. The body weight was measured and the behavioral changes were recorded. Offspring were tested to determine emotional state using sucrose preference test (SPT), open-field test (OFT) and suspended tail test (STT). Gut microbiota was evaluated by sequencing the microbial 16S rRNA V3–V4 region, and the interactive analysis of bacterial community structure and diversity was carried out. The expression of hippocampal BDNF, TrkB and CREB mRNA and proteins were respectively measured using RT-PCR and Western blotting.

Results

Prenatal maternal stress increased maternal plasma corticosterone levels, slowed maternal weight gain and caused depression-like behaviors (all P < 0.05). In offspring, prenatal maternal stress increased plasma corticosterone levels (P < 0.05) and emotional behavior changes (depression-like state) were observed (P < 0.05). The species abundance, diversity and composition of the offspring’s gut microbiota changed after the maternal stress during pregnancy (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group’s offspring, the species abundance of Lactobacillaceae was dropped, while the abundance of the Muribaculaceae species abundance was risen. Concurrent, changes in the hippocampal structure of the offspring and decreases in expression of BDNF/CREB signaling were noted (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Prenatal maternal stress leads to high corticosterone status and abnormal emotion behavior of offspring, which may be associated with the abnormal BDNF/CREB signaling in hippocampus of offspring caused by the change of gut microbiota composition.
Adipocytokines in Diabetes Mellitus: A Study from a Rural Setting in Haryana, India
Authors: Tangri Priyanka , Tangri Nitin
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Obesity are the biggest public health challenges of 21st century. Both these disorders are associated with several co-morbidities like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) etc., that may be linked to the underlying insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia and altered levels of adipocyte- derived hormones. Furthermore, clinical studies in humans have suggested the possible correlation of plasma concentration of several adipocytokines and measures of adiposity, insulin resistance and endothelial function in humans. Aim: To estimate and compare the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and in non-diabetic subjects with and without obesity. Materials and Methods: In the study, 200 T2DM patients (with and without obesity) and 200 non-diabetic subjects (with and without obesity) aged between 30-70 years of either sex were included. In all the subjects included in the study, serum leptin and adiponectin levels were estimated using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Results: It was observed that the serum adiponectin levels decreased while leptin levels increased significantly (p<0.001) in obese than non-obese diabetics. Similarly, obese non-diabetics showed higher serum leptin and lower adiponectin levels than their non-obese counterparts (p<0.001). Conclusion: Serum levels of leptin and adiponectin are altered in subjects with T2DM and obesity which may indicate the potential role of adipocytokines as an important link between increased fat mass, insulin resistance, deranged glucose metabolism and endothelial dysfunction especially in diabetic patients.
Clinical and Microbiological Study of Fungi as an Aetiological Agent in Patients of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Rai Madhu , Kashetty Virendra , Ghatole Mangala
Published: June 2022

Introduction: In Intensive Care Units (ICUs), Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is the commonest nosocomial infection. Fungal infections especially Candida spp. have emerged as one of the commonest organisms in causing VAP. It increases morbidity and mortality to a great extent in critically ill patients, with risk factors like old age, co-morbidities like diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), infectious or multisystem disease. Hence, it becomes necessary to isolate and speciate the fungi along with its Antifungal Susceptibility Testing (AFST) for early diagnosis and treatment. This is done by microbiological investigation where in samples (bronchoscopic/ nonbronchoscopic) are obtained from the lower respiratory tract. Aim: To study the fungal profile among clinically and radiologically diagnosed VAP cases. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Dr Vaishampayan Memorial Govt Medical College, Solapur, Maharashtra, India, in which 120 clinically and radiologically diagnosed VAP patients were included. Endotracheal Aspirate (ETA) of these patients was collected aseptically. The sample was then subjected to Gram stain, Lacto Phenol Cotton Blue (LPCB), culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Chromogenic (CHROM) agar and AFST was performed by broth dilution technique. The data was statistically analysed. Results: In this study, out of 120 patients, 52 patients were diagnosed as VAP on day 5. Late onset pneumonia was more common in 61.67%. Non-infective cases were 49.17% and infective cases were 28.33%. Patients belonged to different age groups with maximum between 31-40 years. Out of 120 cases of VAP, yeast was isolated from 26 cases. Most common pathogenic yeast isolated was Candida albicans (53.85%). All yeast isolates were susceptible to fluconazole and amphotericin B except one isolate of Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata each were resistant to both fluconazole and amphotericin B. Conclusion: Candida albicans was the commonest yeast isolated. Resistance was noted among the non-albicans spp of Candida. The non-albicans Candida is growing as an emerging threat. Early diagnosis and AFST will help in reducing the morbidity and mortality.
Prevalence of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus: A Study from a Rural Teaching Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Haryana
Authors: Singh Prashant , Mane Pratibha , Singla Pooja , Sangwan Jyoti
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Clindamycin is the most commonly prescribed Macrolides, Lincosamides and Streptogramin-B (MLSB) antibiotics to treat staphylococcal infections. It has excellent pharmacokinetic properties. Staphylococcus species shows either constitutive (MLSBc) or inducible (MLSBi) clindamycin resistance. Routine D-test recommended by Clinical Laboratory and Standard Institute (CLSI) can detect MLSBi phenotype and prevent treatment failure. Aim: To identify inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci in a rural teaching Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, cross-sectional study. The clinical samples were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Staphylococcus isolates were identified based on their colony characteristics, gram stain and standard biochemical test. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. To detect Methicillin resistance Cefoxitin disc (30 μg) was used. The isolates that were Erythromycin resistant and Clindamycin sensitive were further subjected to D test. CLSI 2019 guidelines were followed for performing the tests and its interpretation. Epi-info (version 7.2.3.1) Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia was used to analyse the data and interpretation of the results. Results: Total 150 Staphylococci were isolated from different samples. Staphylococcus aureus were 70% and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) were 30%. Pus was the most common specimen from which 43% Staphylococci was isolated. Sensitivity to vancomycin and linezolid were 100%. Staphylococcus aureus (38%) and CoNS (33%) were Methicillin resistant. Overall (63%) of staphylococcus isolates were resistant to erythromycin. The different susceptibility patterns to clindamycin in both Staphylococcus aureus and CoNS were noted. MLSBc phenotype was most prevalent (37.3%) followed by MS (13.4%) and MLSBi (12%) among erythromycin resistant Staphylococcus isolate. Sensitive (S) phenotype was detected in 56 (37%). MLSBi was more frequent in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (23%) and MRCoNS (27%) than in MSSA (5%) and MSCoNS (7%). Conclusion: D-test should be performed routinely to avoid false susceptible results leading to treatment failure.