bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of words across the first years of life: A longitudinal analysis of everyday language input to three English‐learning infants
Authors: Wojcik Erica H. , Goulding Sarah J.
Published: September 2024

Many in‐lab studies have demonstrated that the distribution of word learning moments affects the strength and quality of word representations. How are words distributed in speech to children in their daily lives, and how is distribution related to other input characteristics? The present study analyzes transcripts of language input to English‐learning infants from three longitudinal, naturalistic corpora captured between 6 and 39 months of age. To describe how word frequency varies across time, we calculated dispersion scores for all word types for each child. Dispersion quantifies the deviation of observed frequencies in each recording session from expected (uniform across sessions) word frequency, providing a measure of how evenly word utterances were spread across sessions. Dispersion is strongly correlated with frequency and moderately correlated with concreteness across all corpora, such that high frequency and low concreteness words are more evenly dispersed. Correlations with measures of age of acquisition (AoA) varied across corpora, and dispersion did not reliably predict AoA above and beyond frequency and concreteness. The contradiction between the current results and results from in‐lab experiments is discussed. This study provides a foundation to explore how word learning unfolds across time and contexts in the real world.
Impact of moderate sedation on electrophysiology lab time for left atrial appendage occlusion using 4D‐intracardiac echocardiography
Authors: Hussain Kifah , Sam Riya , Patel Romil , Nso Nso , Singh Lavisha , Nazari Jose , Rosenberg Jonathan , Metzl Mark , Wasserlauf Jeremiah
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) can be performed using diverse anesthetic approaches ranging from moderate sedation (MS) to general anesthesia (GA), and guided by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) or transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Prior studies have demonstrated shorter time in lab for heart rhythm procedures performed under MS. The objective of this study was to compare laboratory times, acute procedural outcomes and complication rates for LAAO procedures performed using MS and 4‐dimensional ICE as opposed to GA.

Methods and Results

This was a retrospective observational cohort study of 135 consecutive patients who were referred for LAAO to be performed with either GA or MS between June 2022 and April 2024. The primary endpoints were total laboratory time, procedure time, nonprocedure time, and fluoroscopy time. The secondary endpoints were stroke, peri‐device leak (>5 mm), device‐related left atrial thrombus, cardiovascular mortality, and all‐cause mortality at 45 days and 6 months postprocedure, where data were available. The mean age of patients in the study was 78.8 ± 7.8 years and 64.4% were male with no difference between GA and MS. In the MS group, 4D‐ICE was used for intraprocedural imaging in 95.5% of patients and 2 dimensional‐ICE (2D‐ICE) was used in 4.5% of patients. In the GA group, intra‐procedural imaging was done using TEE in 51.5%, 2D‐ICE in 32.4% and 4D‐ICE in 16.2% of cases. Total laboratory time was significantly lower in the MS group compared to the GA group (68.3 ± 23.1 vs 117.1 ± 34.3 min; p < 0.001), due to shorter nonprocedure time (15.2 ± 9.1 vs 63.7 ± 22.0 min; p < 0.001), with no significant difference in procedure time and fluoroscopy time. There was no significant difference in complications at 45 days and 6 months postprocedure.

Conclusion

In this single center study, MS reduced total lab time by reducing nonprocedure time when compared to GA for LAAO, without affecting clinical outcomes.
Inhibition of HDAC8 mitigates AKI by reducing DNA damage and promoting homologous recombination repair
Authors: Wang Yanjin , Yu Chao , Yu Jianjun , Shen Fengchen , Du Xinyu , Liu Na , Zhuang Shougang
Published: September 2024

Nephrotoxicity is a major side effect of platinum‐based antineoplastic drugs, and there is currently no available therapeutic intervention. Our study suggests that targeting histone deacetylase 8 could be a potential treatment for cisplatin‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI). In a murine model of AKI induced by cisplatin, the administration of PCI‐34051, a selective inhibitor of HDAC8, resulted in significant improvement in renal function and reduction in renal tubular damage and apoptosis. Pharmacological inhibition of HDAC8 also decreased caspase‐3 and PARP1 cleavage, attenuated Bax expression and preserved Bcl‐2 levels in the injured kidney. In cultured murine renal epithelial cells (mRTECs) exposed to cisplatin, treatment with PCI‐34051 or transfection with HDAC8 siRNA reduced apoptotic cell numbers and diminished expression of cleaved caspase‐3 and PARP1; conversely, overexpression of HDAC8 intensified these changes. Additionally, PCI‐34051 reduced p53 expression levels along with those for p21, p‐CDK2 and γ‐H2AX while preserving MRE11 expression in the injured kidney. Similarly, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of HDAC8 reduced γ‐H2AX and enhanced MRE11 expression; conversely, HDAC8 overexpression exacerbated these changes in mRTECs exposed to cisplatin. These results support that HDAC8 inhibition attenuates cisplatin‐induced AKI through a mechanism associated with reducing DNA damage and promoting its repair.
Modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes loaded with MiRNA ameliorates non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yang Mingjun , Zhou Wen , Han Xiao , Xu Mingming , Wang Zhipeng , Shi Min , Shi Yanyan , Yu Yunchi
Published: September 2024

The study aimed to reveal the function of LXY30 peptide‐modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes (LXY30‐Exos) in NSCLC. LXY30 peptide is a peptide ligand targeting α3β1 integrin, and LXY30 specifically binds to Exos derived from different cells. We use transmission electron microscopy to identify LXY30‐Exos and tracking analysis for particles, and the LXY30‐Exos internalized by NSCLC cells in vitro and targeted NSCLC tumours in vivo were verified by multiple molecular technologies. The functions of LXY30‐Exos‐encapsulated miR‐30c, miR‐181b or miR‐613 were assessed using cell proliferation, migration and cell apoptosis assays. Meanwhile, the safety of the above engineered Exos was evaluated in vivo. After LXY30‐Exos were isolated and identified, LXY30‐Exos were confirmed to be internalized by NSCLC cells in vitro and specifically targeted NSCLC tumours in vivo. Functionally, LXY30‐Exos‐encapsulated miR‐30c, miR‐181b or miR‐613 weakened the proliferation, migration and cell cycle of NSCLC cells induced cellular apoptosis in vitro and restrained the tumour progression in vivo. Meanwhile, the safety of LXY30‐Exos‐encapsulated miR‐30c, miR‐181b or miR‐613 was confirmed in vivo. Overall, miR‐30c, miR‐181b and miR‐613 encapsulated in LXY30 peptide‐modified BMSC‐Exos relieved NSCLC.
Do dividends and share repurchases convey information about financial strength? An exploration of the disparities between banks and industrial firms
Authors: Zheng Yi , Drew Peabody S. , Jiang Jinglin
Published: September 2024

Differing from prior literature, this article suggests dividends are positively associated with financial strength for both financial institutions (i.e., banks) and non‐financial firms (i.e., industrials), and that this relationship is much more pronounced for banks. We also find that the signaling impacts of dividend changes on financial strength are asymmetric for these two groups as a decrease (increase) in dividends is more powerful than an increase (decrease) for banks (industrials). This suggests that dividend cuts send a more significant negative signal of bank financial strength than similar decreases by industrial firms, and that dividend increases say more about industrials' improvements in financial strength than those by banks. Similar to dividends, share repurchases are indications of financial strength for industrials but not for banks. This suggests that share repurchases serve more as a buffer (substitute) of dividends for banks (industrials).
Parent–child discrepancies in mate preferences: A three‐level meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Lu Ran , Lam Kelly Ka Lai , Chen Wei‐Wen
Published: September 2024

Through the lens of evolutional psychology, mate preferences are posited into a three “G” framework (good genes, good resources, and good persons/parents/partners) that captures genetic quality, resource acquisition, and personality and caregiving qualities. Previous research acknowledged that adult children had different mate preferences from their parents, but had no consensus on how such differences existed in certain mate characteristics. This meta‐analysis aimed to examine the discrepancies of characteristics in mate preferences between parent and adult child, and how the moderators of culture, gender, measurement scoring type, and study quality could influence such discrepancies. We summarized 25 eligible articles (N = 21,008) on parent–child discrepancies in mate preferences, which covered 1473 effect sizes. A three‐level random‐effects meta‐analysis result showed that adult children's mate preferences had significant differences from parents’ preferences on in‐laws in good genes (Cohen's d = 0.42, 95% CI [0.237, 0.595]), indicating that adult children emphasized more on traits associated with genetic quality. No significant group differences were found on the related traits about good resources (Cohen's d = −0.11) and good persons/parents/partners (Cohen's d = 0.08), indicating that parents and children have similar preferences on provisioning‐related mate traits and personality. Our results also revealed that the parent–child discrepancies in mate preferences differ across culture, gender, measurement scoring type, and study quality. Our results offer insights into revisiting evolutionary perspectives of mate preference and highlighting the existing parent–child discrepancies in mate preferences that can be explained through social structural theories and family systems theory. We also discussed practical implications for research on mate preferences and highlighted new avenues for future studies.
VSED bridge to MAID: Spotlighting better end‐of‐life options
Authors: Pope Thaddeus M. , Brodoff Lisa
Published: September 2024

See related letter by Jaggard and Sams in this issue.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma Injection Combined With Q‐Switched Ruby Laser in the Treatment of Periorbital Hyperpigmentation
Authors: Lu Yankun , Huang Danyi , Liu Ting , Yang Li , Lin Yiming , Fang Xiaomin , Ma Han
Published: September 2024

Background

Periorbital hyperpigmentation is a prevalent skin condition that represents a large quantity of cases seen in cosmetic dermatology. Patients tend to be left with pigmentation after Q‐switched ruby laser treatment, especially the perioribital area.

Aims

The study is conducted to compare the effect of PRP injection combined with laser therapy versus laser alone for periorbital hyperpigmentation treatment.

Patients/Methods

In this single‐center, case–control study, 30 patients with periorbital hyperpigmentation were allocated to receive PRP injection injection after Q‐switched ruby laser or Q‐switched ruby laser only, followed by a 12‐week and 24‐week follow‐up visit. Visual analogue scale, Sadick tear trough rating scale, and patients' self‐evaluation were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect.

Results

The combined group achieved a better improvement in long‐term effect and had effect on facial rejuvenation. Patient satisfaction was higher in the combined group. Erythema and mild pain were the most common adverse reactions of both groups.

Conclusions

Combining with PRP injection can improve the therapeutic effect of Q‐switched ruby laser in treating periorbital hyperpigmentation and lessen the risk of post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation, indicating a new option for POH treatment.
Conjoint Analysis to Define Beer Label and the Influence of Labeled Bottles and Music on the Sensory Profile of Craft and Industrial Beers
Authors: Cardoso Soares Estefan de Paula Solciaray , Santos Magno Fonseca , Zuim Lucas , De Paula Matheus Custódio , Mota Michelle Florenzano , Lima Filho Tarcísio , Della Lucia Suzana Maria
Published: September 2024

Packaging label and music influence product acceptance and sensory profiling. This study defined the ideal label for a craft beer using the modified choice‐based conjoint analysis (MCBCA), as well as the sensory profile of this craft beer and an industrial beer in two tests: a blind test and a test in the presence of the labeled bottle and of a sertanejo universitário song, using a rate‐all‐that‐apply (RATA) list. MCBCA revealed that craft beer label's most favorable attributes included information on harmonization with food, a traditional‐themed illustration, and a strong emphasis on the brand and beer type. The RATA list comprised descriptive attributes, affective terms, product‐relevant phrases, and feelings. Nonsensory characteristics had a positive impact on the craft beer description but a negative impact on the industrial beer, with descriptors such as “watery,” negative affective terms memories for it. The influence of labeled bottles and music on consumers' sensory descriptions underscores the importance of nonsensory characteristics in the product's evaluation and success.
Revealing the Obscurity of Attitudes Towards Mental Health Conditions: A Cross‐Sectional Study of Attitudes Among the General Population of Iraq
Authors: Yasir Amean A. , Abdulammer Hassan Majid , Ali Hossam Tharwat , Al‐Mekhlafi Moath Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Background

Mental health conditions cause a huge burden on individuals and healthcare systems. According to the World Health Organization, around 970 million individuals worldwide had a mental disorder in 2019.

Aim/Question

To explore the attitudes towards mental health conditions among the Iraqi community and determine factors influencing such attitudes.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted on 1394 individuals of the Iraqi general population between December 2022 and February 2023 using a self‐administered online questionnaire in Arabic, utilising convenience and snowball sampling. The data were analysed using R Statistical Software.

Results

In total, 763 (54.73%) individuals had positive attitudes towards mental health conditions. The multivariate regression analysis revealed the males and age group of 46 years, and more were significantly associated with negative attitudes (p = 0.001, p = 0.045 respectively).

Discussion

Individuals with mental health conditions experience stigmatising attitudes as in the Middle East jeopardising their treatment and recovery. This is the first study to address the Iraqi population's attitudes towards mental health conditions indicating overall positive attitudes.

Implications for Practice

Health promotions must be conducted by educators, healthcare workers and universities to dispel the myths. Future studies with extensive sampling will help clarify the obscurity of mental health conditions in Iraq.
Generalized covariance‐based inference for models set‐identified from independence restrictions
Authors: Gourieroux Christian , Jasiak Joann
Published: September 2024

This article develops statistical inference methods for a class of set‐identified models, where the errors are known functions of observations and the parameters satisfy either serial or/and cross‐sectional independence conditions. This class of models includes the independent component analysis (ICA), Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR), and multi‐variate mixed causal–non‐causal models. We use the Generalized Covariance (GCov) estimator to compute the residual‐based portmanteau statistic for testing the error independence hypothesis. Next, we build the confidence sets for the identified sets of parameters by inverting the test statistic. We also discuss the choice (design) of these statistics. The approach is illustrated by simulations examining the under‐identification condition in an ICA model and an application to financial return series.
Study Abroad Students’ Social Contacts in Different Linguistic Contexts and Their Relationship With English Use and Development
Authors: Heinzmann Sybille , Hilbe Robert , Ehrsam Kristina , Bleichenbacher Lukas
Published: September 2024

Our contribution draws on quantitative data from a longitudinal mixed‐methods study to uncover different patterns of social contacts of study abroad (SA) students and the relationship of these social contacts with (a) language use, (b) target language development, and (c) contextual variables. Data were obtained by means of online questionnaires pre, during, and post sojourn. English oral proficiency gains were measured using the Oral Proficiency Interview by Computer (OPIc) test before and after the stay. Latent profile analysis yielded four profiles of social contacts, which differed in terms of the degree of integration into the community of locals or international students. Students with distinct profiles differ significantly with respect to language use but not in terms of language gains. Regression analyses indicate that comparable progress in oral proficiency was made by students across profiles of social contacts and also by those in an English as a lingua franca (ELF) context suggesting that different SA context and networking patterns are conducive to second language (L2) gains.
Training Child Learners on Nonnative Vowel Contrasts With Phonetic Training: The Role of Task and Variability
Authors: Brekelmans Gwen , Evans Bronwen G. , Wonnacott Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Substantial research suggests that high variability (multitalker) phonetic training helps second language (L2) adults improve differentiation of challenging nonnative speech sounds. Is such training also useful for L2 children? Existing studies have mixed findings and important limitations. We investigate the potential benefits of computerized phonetic training for 50 Dutch 7‐year‐olds and 39 11‐year‐olds trained on English vowel contrasts in a 2‐week study in a classroom setting. Half received multitalker, and half received single‐talker input (i.e., high variability vs. low variability; HV vs. LV), with learning evaluated by a battery of tests. Both groups improved in training; however, 11‐year‐olds improved more. Moreover, 11‐year‐olds showed generalization to novel talkers, and 7‐year‐olds did not, with Bayes factor analyses providing evidence for the null. Generalisation in 11‐year‐olds was no greater following HV than LV input, with evidence for the null on one of two tasks where generalization was found. Results are discussed in terms of the interplay between age, task demands, and talker variability.
Effectiveness of lipid‐based nutrient supplementation during the first 1000 days of life for early childhood development: A community‐based trial from Pakistan
Authors: Imtiaz Ayesha , ul Haq Zia , Doi Suhail A. R. , Fazid Sheraz , Khan Muhammad Naseem
Published: September 2024

A community‐based, cluster non‐randomized controlled trial was conducted in Kurram district, Pakistan between January 2018 to December 2020. Age‐appropriate lipid‐based nutrient supplements and health education (sessions conducted in the households) were given to pregnant women and their born children (6–23 months) in the intervention arm (n = 40 clusters) versus health education only in the control arm (n = 40 clusters) to evaluate its effect on child development. The first and second developmental assessments were completed at ~24 months (n = 689) and ~32 months (n = 608), respectively, using the Caregiver‐Reported Early Development Instrument Long form. The overall and domain‐specific (motor, language, cognitive and socio‐emotional) scores were computed with higher scores indicating better child development. Higher development scores, including overall (β = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14, 0.65; p = 0.002), cognitive (β = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.45; p = 0.002), motor (β = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.56; p < 0.001) and language (β = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.51; p = 0.001) were reported for children who received the intervention compared to the control arm at first developmental assessment. However, the effect was not sustained after the discontinuation of the intervention. The LNS received by the mothers (during pregnancy and first 6 months after delivery) and by children during 6–23 months of age was beneficial for the children. The trial is registered in the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number Registry (ID: ISRCTN94319790) on December 11, 2017.
How emotional contagion shapes spiritual care competence: Insights from a cross‐sectional study on intensive care nurses
Authors: Koroglu Sevgi , Öksüz Emine
Published: September 2024

Background

Intensive care units (ICUs) are environments where nurses are open to emotional interactions because of complex structures and dynamic relationships. Nurses' susceptibility to emotional contagion and their spiritual care competence may affect the quality of care by influencing their ability to manage and respond to the emotional dynamics present in these environments.

Aim

This study aimed to determine the level of emotional contagion and spiritual care competence in intensive care nurses.

Study Design

This study is a descriptive cross‐sectional study conducted with 199 nurses working in the ICUs of a training and research hospital in Turkey. The data were collected between December 2021 and June 2022 using the Emotional Contagion Scale (ECS) and the Spiritual Care Competence Scale (SCCS).

Results

The mean score of the nurses was 50.29 ± 15.36 on the ECS and 90.29 ± 29.53 on the SCCS. A statistically significant difference was found between the ECS and SCCS and gender, marital status, weekly working hours and some approaches about spiritual care (p < .05). It was determined that there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the total scales and sub‐dimensions of the ECS and SCCS (p < .05). In this study, it was found that intensive care nurses' susceptibility to emotional contagion was high, and that their spiritual care competence was at a moderate level. The results show that gender, marital status, weekly working hours, type of ICU and some approaches about spiritual care are crucial factors in nurses' emotional contagion and spiritual care competence. In addition, as the intensive care nurses' susceptibility to emotional contagion increased, their spiritual care competence also increased.

Conclusions

The results of this study will guide the planning of interventions to protect intensive care nurses from the negative effects of emotional contagion and increase their spiritual care competence.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

It is necessary to protect intensive care nurses from the negative effects of emotional contagion and to increase their competences in spiritual care.
Dual role of Sfrp4 in bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Xuan , Chen Yanzheng , Pan Jinsong
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The objective of this study was to determine changes in gene expression by establishing an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rat model with appropriate and excessive orthodontic force.

Materials and Methods

Using a closed coil nickel‐titanium spring, the OTM was carried out to apply a mesial force of 50 or 100 g to the maxillary first molars. Micro‐CT, histological and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the bone formation at the tension site and the bone resorption and bone formation at pressure site. Then RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed.

Results

According to the results of the Mirco‐CT scan of OTM rat models, both the 50 g group and the 100 g group showed variable degrees of reduction in alveolar bone density on the tension and pressure sides. The results of histological and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the periodontal tissue and osteogenic ability of the 50 g group were restored at the 14 days, while the 100 g group caused severe periodontal tissue damage. The GO and KEGG analysis results, as well as the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), varied depending on the loading time and value of appliance, according to the results of the RNA sequencing. And the immunohistochemical staining results showed that Sfrp4 functioned by efficiently influencing both bone formation and bone absorption.

Conclusions

Appropriate orthodontic force value could cause appropriate movement of teeth in rats without adverse periodontal damage. Simultaneously, distinct gene expression patterns were observed at various force levels and time intervals.
Metabolic engineering‐induced transcriptome reprogramming of lipid biosynthesis enhances oil composition in oat
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Kaur Rajvinder , Donoso Thomas , Ohm Jae‐Bom , Gupta Rajeev , Lefsrud Mark , Singh Jaswinder
Published: September 2024

The endeavour to elevate the nutritional value of oat (Avena sativa) by altering the oil composition and content positions it as an optimal crop for fostering human health and animal feed. However, optimization of oil traits on oat through conventional breeding is challenging due to its quantitative nature and complexity of the oat genome. We introduced two constructs containing three key genes integral to lipid biosynthesis and/or regulatory pathways from Arabidopsis (AtWRI1 and AtDGAT1) and Sesame (SiOLEOSIN) into the oat cultivar ‘Park’ to modify the fatty acid composition. Four homozygous transgenic lines were generated with a transformation frequency of 7%. The expression of these introduced genes initiated a comprehensive transcriptional reprogramming in oat grains and leaves. Notably, endogenous DGAT, WRI1 and OLEOSIN genes experienced upregulation, while genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, such as KASII, SACPD and FAD2, displayed antagonistic expression patterns between oat grains and leaves. Transcriptomic analyses highlighted significant differential gene expression, particularly enriched in lipid metabolism. Comparing the transgenic oat plants with the wild type, we observed a remarkable increase of up to 34% in oleic acid content in oat grains. Furthermore, there were marked improvements in the total oil content in oat leaves, as well as primary metabolites changes in both oat grains and leaves, while maintaining homeostasis in the transgenic oat plants. These findings underscore the effectiveness of genetic engineering in manipulating oat oil composition and content, offering promising implications for human consumption and animal feeding through oat crop improvement programmes.
Association Between High Sensitivity Troponin I and NTproBNP With Rejection and Graft Loss in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Magnetta Defne A. , Jackson Laurel , Zeevi Adriana , Turnquist Heth R. , Miller Susan A. , West Shawn C. , Murtagh Gillian , Feingold Brian
Published: September 2024

Background

Troponin I is a blood biomarker of cardiac injury and levels measured using a high‐sensitivity assay after pediatric heart transplantation (HT) have not been described. We sought to assess the association between high‐sensitivity troponin I (hsTnI) and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) with treated acute rejection (AR) and graft loss in pediatric heart transplant (HT) recipients.

Methods

Serum was collected and banked from pediatric HT recipients prior to cardiac catheterization. Patients with samples drawn within 365 days post‐HT were included and followed for up to 5 years. Generalized linear mixed‐effect models examined the association between hsTnI and treated AR using a random intercept per patient. Cox proportional hazards models tested the association between maximal hsTnI and NT‐proBNP and death/graft loss.

Results

HsTnI and NTproBNP values decline in the weeks following HT, after which these biomarkers stabilize. HsTnI was higher in AR versus no AR (6.2 vs. 3.5 ng/L, p < 0.001); doubling of hsTnI increased the odds of AR by 33% (p = 0.004). HsTnI showed moderate discrimination for AR with an AUC of 0.811 (95% CI 0.76, 0.87) and a NPV of 96.4% (95% CI 93.0, 98.1). Elevation in NT‐proBNP was not associated with AR. In multivariable Cox modeling, a doubling of maximal NT‐proBNP was associated with graft loss (HR 8.96, p = 0.014).

Conclusions

In this pediatric HT cohort, HsTnI was moderately discriminative for AR and higher maximal NT‐proBNP was associated with graft loss. HsTnI may add value in pediatric HT non‐invasive AR surveillance, and elevated NTproBNP could suggest an increased risk of graft loss.
Improvement of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis After Medical Treatment and Successful Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Al Riyami Mohamed S. , Altalebi Alaa , Al Hashmi Samiya , Elfar Asama , Al Maskari Anisa , Al Gaithi Badria , Al Saidi Suliman , Al Baloshi Shaika , Al Kalbani Naifain
Published: September 2024

Background

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is an uncommon complication of long‐term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Despite its rarity, EPS significantly increases morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing prolonged peritoneal dialysis. In children on PD, the incidence of EPS ranges from 0.5% to 7.3%.

Case

We present the case of a 13‐year‐old Omani boy diagnosed with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) secondary to steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome due to diffuse mesangial sclerosis at the age of 2 years. He was started on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) on the same year and experienced four episodes of peritonitis, which were treated successfully with intraperitoneal (IP) antibiotics. In January 2023, he developed intermittent abdominal pain and chronic constipation, which progressed to daily vomiting, reduced oral intake, and weight loss. He later developed subacute intestinal obstruction which was managed conservatively. A CT scan of the abdomen revealed findings consistent with EPS. Following the diagnosis of EPS, peritoneal dialysis (PD) was discontinued, and the patient transitioned to hemodialysis. Treatment for EPS began with steroids and Tamoxifen. Subsequently, he underwent deceased donor kidney transplantation and was started on multiple immunosuppressive medications. During subsequent follow‐up appointments, he was maintained on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) along with a soft diet. His overall condition improved significantly, enhancing his quality of life.

Conclusion

This case highlights the risk of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) in patients undergoing long‐term peritoneal dialysis. Transitioning to hemodialysis and kidney transplantation, combined with targeted treatments such as steroids and Tamoxifen, significantly improved the patient's condition and quality of life. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for effective management of EPS in children.
Reasons and belief
Authors: Fogal Daniel
Published: September 2024

Much recent work in epistemology has concerned the relationship between the epistemic and the practical, with a particular focus on the question of how, if at all, practical considerations affect what we ought to believe. Two main positive accounts have been proposed: reasons pragmatism and pragmatic encroachment. According to reasons pragmatism, practical (including moral) considerations can affect what we ought to believe by constituting distinctively practical (i.e., non‐epistemic) reasons for or against belief. According to pragmatic encroachment, practical considerations bear on what we ought to believe by affecting epistemic justification (e.g. how much justification is required to justifiably believe). Both debates center around intuitive judgments about cases together with various principles involving reasons (or justification) and belief, with many contributors in the pragmatism and—to a lesser extent—encroachment debates helping themselves to talk of belief without saying much about what exactly they have in mind. There has also been a tendency to overlook potentially relevant distinctions among different kinds of reasons that have been drawn elsewhere. The goal of this paper is to argue that greater clarity and care concerning both reasons and belief is called for. Increased sensitivity to various subtleties will not only minimize the chances of unwittingly engaging in merely verbal disputes but also allow us to better navigate the pragmatism and encroachment debates.
Nutrient competition between female cones and young seeds in spring affects the physiological dropping and nut‐setting rate in Torreya grandis
Authors: Wang Lei , Jiang Wei , Jin Hangbiao , Zhang Rui , Wu Jiasheng
Published: September 2024

Physiological seed drop is a recognized phenomenon in economic forest, caused by the abscission of developing seeds due to intergroup competition for resources. However, little is known about the resource allocation dynamics in species exhibiting a biennial fruiting cycle, where interactions occur not only among seeds of the same year but also between reproductive structures from consecutive years. In this study, we explored the dynamics of resource allocation in Torreya grandis, a nut crop with a prototypical two‐year seed development pattern. We implemented thinning treatments of 0%, 30%, and 60% on female cones and/or immature seeds during the spring, targeting various stages of development both pre‐ and post‐pollination. Our findings reveal a pronounced resource competition in Torreya, evidenced by a natural seed‐setting rate of merely 9.4%. Contrary to expectations, seed thinning did not lead to an obvious increase in nut‐setting rates, whereas a substantial increase to 20.5% was observed when female cones were thinned by 60% at 20 days before pollination. The cone thinning treatment appears to have influenced seed development through positive cytokinin and negative abscisic acid effects. This indicates that intergroup competition between female cones and nuts is a more significant factor in seed drop than inner nut competition, and there seems to be an interaction between the two groups. We demonstrate that, in Torreya with biennial seed development, it is the competition between female cones and immature seeds that is important. This insight expands our comprehension of the physiological mechanisms governing seed drop in biennial fruiting species and managing the reproductive organ load to optimize nutrient allocation.
Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Revealed the Key Role of the Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Olive Defense Against Alternaria alternata
Authors: Wang Tianyi , Cao Hongyan , Du Tingting , Meng Dong , Yang Qing , Li Jinhua , Zhang Jianguo , Zeng Yanfei
Published: September 2024

The olive tree is an important oil woody plant with high economic value, yet it is vulnerable to the attack of numerous fungi. The successful control of olive fungal diseases requires a comprehensive understanding of the disease resistance mechanisms in plants. Here, we isolated Alternaria alternata from the diseased leaves of olive plants, and screened a resistant (“Leccino”) and susceptible (“Manzanilla de Sevilla”) cultivar from eight olive cultivars to explore their resistance mechanisms. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identified the flavonoid biosynthesis as a key defense pathway against A. alternata. Five important transcription factors associated with flavonoid biosynthesis were also determined. The overexpression of OeWRKY40 significantly enhanced the disease resistance of the susceptible cultivar and upregulated the expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and the accumulation of related metabolites. LUC assays further proved that OeWRKY40 can activate the expression of OeC4H. These results help to better clarify the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis against A. alternata. Our study provides key information for further exploration of the molecular pathways of olive plants and their resistance to fungi, an important factor for molecular breeding and utilization of resistant cultivars.
Transcriptome profiling reveals ethylene production by reactive oxygen species in trichloroisocyanuric acid‐treated rice seeds
Authors: Jinshi Zhang , Mei Li , Jinjin Lian , Yizhengnan Zhu , Yannan Jin , Jing Yang , Wenfan Hu , Weilin Zhang
Published: September 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been extensively suggested to stimulate ethylene production. However, the molecular mechanism by which ROS stimulate ethylene production remains largely unclear. Here, transcriptome profiling was used to verify if ROS could stimulate ethylene production via direct formation of ethylene from ROS. Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA) can stimulate seed germination in rice. When transcriptome profiling was performed to determine the molecular responsiveness of rice seeds to TCICA, TCICA was initially proven to be a ROS‐generating reagent. A total of 300 genes potentially responsive to TCICA treatment were significantly annotated to cysteine, and the expression of these genes was significantly upregulated. Nonetheless, the levels of cystine did not exhibit significant changes upon TCICA exposure. Cystine was then proven to be a substrate that reacted with TCICA to form ethylene under FeSO4 conditions. Moreover, 7 of 22 genes responsive to TCICA were common with the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐responsive genes. Ethylene was then proven to be produced from cysteine or cystine by reacting with H2O2 under FeSO4 condition, and the hydroxyl radical (OH−) was proposed to be the free radical species responsible for ethylene formation under FeSO4 condition. These results provide the first line of evidence that ethylene can be produced from ROS in a non‐enzymatic manner, thereby unveiling one new molecular mechanism by which ROS stimulate ethylene production and offering novel insights into the crosstalk between ethylene and ROS.
Autologous platelet concentrates after third molar extraction: A systematic review
Authors: Siawasch S. A. M. , Yu J. , Castro A. B. , Temmerman A. , Teughels W. , Quirynen M.
Published: September 2024

Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is often followed by postoperative sequelae like pain, swelling, trismus, etc. This systematic review explored the benefits of applying different autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) in the extraction socket of third molars. For this systematic review, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus have been utilized, initially yielding 544 papers. The search was narrowed to randomized controlled trials (RCTs, n = 59) published before 2024, all comparing the outcome of applying APCs in the extraction socket of surgically removed impacted mandibular third molars with unassisted healing (blood clot). Most RCTs primarily assessed the impact of APCs on postoperative sequelae. Some RCTs looked at soft‐ and hard‐tissue healing. Eleven studies used PRP, three PRGF, and 45 L‐PRF. A detailed analysis revealed a large heterogeneity between studies rendering a meta‐analysis impossible. Moreover, the risk of bias was considered high. In the majority of RCTs, the application of an APC resulted in statistically significant reductions of postoperative sequelae (lower pain intensity, lower consumption of analgesics, less postoperative edema, and a lower incidence of trismus and alveolar osteitis), as well as a faster soft tissue healing, and qualitatively and quantitatively better bone healing. A minority of studies reported significant differences in periodontal parameters distally from the second molar.
Coronary artery calcification detected on low‐dose computed tomography in high‐risk participants of an Australian lung cancer screening program: A prospective observational study
Authors: Bonney Asha , Chua Michelle , McCusker Mark W. , Pascoe Diane , Joshi Subodh B. , Steinfort Daniel , Marshall Henry , Silver Jeremy D. , Xie Cheng , Yang Sally , Watson Jack , Fogarty Paul , Stone Emily , Brims Fraser , McWilliams Annette , Hu XinXin , Rofe Christopher , Milner Brad , Lam Stephen , Fong Kwun M. , Manser Renee
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a frequent additional finding on lung cancer screening (LCS) low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in LCS participants. We aimed to describe prevalence of incidental CAC detected on LDCT in LCS participants without prior history of coronary artery disease (CAD), evaluate their CVD risk and describe subsequent investigation and management.

Methods

Prospective observational nested cohort study including all participants enrolled at a single Australian site of the International Lung Screen Trial. Baseline LDCTs were reviewed for CAC, and subsequent information collected regarding cardiovascular health. 5‐year CVD risk was calculated using the AusCVD risk calculator.

Results

55% (226/408) of participants had CAC on LDCT and no prior history of CAD, including 23% with moderate–severe CAC. Mean age of participants with CAC was 65 years, 68% were male. 53% were currently smoking. Majority were high risk (51%) or intermediate risk (32%) of a cardiovascular event in 5 years. 21% of participants were re‐stratified to a higher CVD risk group when CAC detected on LCS was incorporated. Only 10% of participants with CAC received lifestyle advice (only 3% currently smoking received smoking cessation advice). 80% of participants at high‐risk did not meet guideline recommendations, with 47% of this group remaining without cholesterol lowering therapy.

Conclusion

LCS with LDCT offers the potential to identify and communicate CVD risk in this population. This may improve health outcomes for high‐risk LCS participants and further personalize management once screening results are known.
Effects of Occupational and Leisure‐Time Physical Activity on the Risk of Dementia: Results From the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Authors: Nabe‐Nielsen K. , Garde A. H. , Gyntelberg F. , Hansen Å. M. , Prescott E. , Laursen P. , Holtermann A.
Published: September 2024

Leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) decreases the risk of dementia, whereas occupational physical activity (OPA) possibly increases the risk. Yet, previous findings are mixed. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of LTPA and OPA, respectively, on dementia among men and women. In this observational, longitudinal study, we used data from the second wave of a population‐based cohort from the municipality of Copenhagen as baseline. Data were collected in 1981–1983, and 10 343 participants were followed until the end of 2016. LTPA and OPA were self‐reported, and information on dementia diagnoses and redemption of dementia medication was obtained at an individual level from national health registers. We used Poisson regression to analyze the association between LTPA/OPA and dementia and adjusted for self‐reported age, socioeconomic factors, stress, and cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, alcohol, body mass index, and blood pressure). A higher level of LTPA was associated with a lower dementia risk among men, but we found no clear association among women. OPA and dementia were not associated among men, but occupationally active women who reported OPA in terms of walking, lifting, and heavy work had a higher risk of dementia than women with sedentary jobs. This study supported earlier findings of a protective effect of LTPA on dementia among men. Women in physically demanding jobs possibly have a higher risk of dementia, yet this finding warrants further investigation in future studies.
Comparative Efficacy of Acute Exercise Intervention on Anxiety in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tian Jianing , Kong Qingtao , Yu Hongyan , Liu Peifeng , Shen Liqun , Luo Yan
Published: September 2024

Acute exercise is a promising non‐pharmacological therapy for alleviating anxiety. However, the effects of different types of acute exercise on anxiety in adolescents and young adults remain unclear. Therefore, our study aims to conduct a network meta‐analysis to compare the effectiveness of various exercise interventions in improving anxiety in adolescents and young adults. We conducted an online literature search in five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO. The search was conducted from inception to March 1, 2023, and was limited to English‐language publications. Pairwise and network meta‐analyses were performed using random‐effects models. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was applied to rate the certainty of evidence. A total of 33 studies involving 1121 participants were included. The network meta‐analysis results revealed that mind–body exercise was the most effective intervention for reducing anxiety in adolescents and young adults (SMD = −0.36, 95% CI: −0.70, −0.03, moderate certainty). Additionally, aerobic exercise (SMD = −0.16, 95% CI: −0.28, −0.03, high certainty) showed significant reduction in anxiety, while resistance exercise (SMD = −0.09, 95% CI: −0.33, 0.14, moderate certainty) and multicomponent exercise (SMD = −0.01, 95% CI: −0.59, 0.57, moderate certainty) did not show significant reduction in anxiety. Moderate certainty evidence suggests that acute mind–body exercise may be the most effective type of exercise for reducing anxiety in adolescents and young adults. Future research should focus on conducting more multi‐arm randomized controlled trials to provide more direct evidence on the relative effectiveness of different exercise interventions.
Loss and autonomy: Making sense of rural life at the inner periphery
Authors: Pospěch Pavel , Klíma Ondřej , Hubatková Barbora
Published: September 2024

We have studied how people make sense of their lives in peripheral rural regions. While there are disadvantages in terms of infrastructure, transportation and so forth, we have focused on the ways that people understand their specific position and how they feel about it. Using the tools of the Strong Programme in cultural sociology, we have identified two key discourses: the discourse of loss and the discourse of autonomy. Through the former, residents describe the decline of traditions, of rural community and, in particular, the vanishing ideal of rural childhood. Through the latter, they re‐frame these societal developments as problems of individuals. The dichotomy between individual autonomy and individual dependence is employed as a key cultural framework for explaining and understanding life in a peripheral rural region. The research is based on interviews with residents of small rural municipalities located at the inner periphery of the Czech Republic.
From Speech to Feed: How Parliamentary Debates Shape Party Agendas on Social Media‌
Authors: Poljak Željko
Published: September 2024

Social media has become an increasingly important tool for parties to set issues on the political agenda. However, its rapid rise raises questions about the role of traditional venues such as parliaments. This study hypothesizes that parties strategically choose to initiate issues in parliamentary debates instead of on social media to establish dominance through real‐time discussions. Consequently, only after these issues are introduced and debated in parliament do parties use digital platforms like social media to reinforce them on the political agenda. Analyzing over 430,000 parliamentary speeches and 240,000 Facebook posts by parties in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, and the UK, from 2010 to 2022, the study reveals that issues discussed in parliamentary debates—primarily those raised by opposition parties—typically do not initially emerge on social media but only attract online attention after being introduced in parliament. These findings offer new insights into the strategic decisions of parties in agenda‐setting.