bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of intraoperative period against the background preliminary intravitreal injection inhibitor of angiogenesis at proliferative diabetic retinopathy surgery
Authors:   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia, Bikbov M.M. , Kalanov M.R. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia, Zainullin R.M. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia, Kudoyarova K.I. ,   Ufa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Russia
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To carry out a comparative analysis of the intraoperative period of vitrectomy against the background preliminary intravitreal injection inhibitor of angiogenesis performed at different times in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Material and methods. The study included 134 patients (134 eyes) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) on the background of type II diabetes mellitus. 1 st group consisted of 30 patients (30 eyes) who underwent vitrectomy (VE) 1 month after intravitreal injection (IVI) inhibitor of angiogenesis (IA); 2 nd group included 104 patients (104 eyes) underwent VE 10–14 days after IVI IA, followed by a comparative assessment of intraoperative period and morphological and functional results of the eyes after 1 month. Results. In 1 st group of patients, moderate hemorrhagic complications were observed in 23.4 % of cases, severe – in 76.6 %, which significantly hampered visualization of surgical field during VE. In 2 nd group, minor hemorrhagic complications prevailed in 55.8 % of cases (p1-2 <0.05). Moderate and severe – in 26 % and 18.2 % of cases, respectively (p1-2 <0.05). Perfluorocarbon tamponade was used in 83.3 % of cases in 1 st group and in 22.1 % of cases in 2 nd group. Surgical intervention in 1 st group was ended with gas-air tamponade in 30 % of cases, with silicone oil in 70 % of cases, at patients of 2 nd group – in 63.4 % of cases with gas-air tamponade and 36.6 % of cases with silicone oil. Conclusion. The obtained clinical and morphological and functional results indicate the effectiveness of preliminary IVI IA before VE, minimally invasive, sparing nature of surgical intervention and uncomplicated course of the intraoperative period in patients with PDR. Keywords: proliferative diabetic retinopathy, vitrectomy, inhibitor of angiogenesis, intraoperative period, hemorrhagic complications, vitreous cavity tamponade.
Morphofunctional results of surgical treatment for subretinal hemorrhages
Authors:   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Bosov E.D. , Fayzrakhmanov R.R. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Karpov G.O. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Kalinin M.E. ,   N.I. Pirogov National Medical Surgical Center, Moscow, Mironov A.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Foundation to promote the development of advanced medical technology, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the morphological and functional parameters of the retina after subretinal administration of recombinant prourokinase followed by endovitreal tamponade with an air-gas mixture without vitrectomy in comparison with antivasoproliferative therapy in patients with subfoveal hemorrhages. Material and methods. Patients of the first group at the 1 st stage underwent two-port 27G surgery with controlled subretinal injection of a solution of recombinant prourokinase 500 IU through a 38G cannula with tamponade of ⅕ of the volume of the vitreal cavity with gas. At 2 nd stage, therapy with anti-vasoproliferative drugs was prescribed according to the treat and extend regimen. Patients in the control group received antivasoproliferative therapy as the main treatment. Results. In the 1 st group, there was a trend towards an increase in maximum corrected visual acuity (BCV) throughout the entire observation period: on the 14th day after the 1 st stage of treatment, it was 0.18 ± 0.05 (p < 0.05 compared to before treatment), after 3 loading injections – 0.3 ± 0.1, while there was an increase in photosensitivity values up to 4.7 ± 2.2 dB (p < 0.05 in comparison with the values before treatment) and up to 12.6 ± 4.6 in the 1 st group (p < 0.05 in comparison with the indicators before treatment, the indicators of the 2 nd group), respectively. An inverse correlation of functional parameters was noted against the background of depression of the central retinal thickness up to 222.0 ± 60.7µm and the height of the neovascular membrane up to 72.0 ± 23.0 at the end of the observation. Conclusion. The use of subretinal administration of recombinant prourokinase followed by endovitreal tamponade with an air-gas mixture without vitrectomy demonstrates an increase in BCVA with a decrease in the area of absolute scotoma with an increase in the overall photosensitivity of the macular zone against the background of improved anatomical parameters. Timely appointment of antivasoproliferative therapy in the postoperative period ensures the preservation of the morphofunctional results achieved after surgery. Keywords: submacular hemorrhage, tissue plasminogen activator, pneumodislocation.
Results of laser treatment of children with retinopathy of prematurity in Kuzbass for 10 years
Authors:   Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Kemerovo Region «Kemerovo Regional Clinical Hospital named after S.V. Belyaev», Kemerovo, Frolova O.V. , Anohina I.G. ,   Autonomous Healthcare Institution of the Kemerovo Region «Kemerovo Regional Clinical Hospital named after S.V. Belyaev», Kemerovo, Gromakina E.V. ,   Kemerovo State Medical University
Published: April 2022

Objective.To evaluate results of laser treatment of children with first type of retinopathy of prematurity. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the case histories of 311 children (operations were carried out in Kuzbass) with retinopathy of prematurity type 1 was carried out. Results. Of the 311 children, laser treatment was performed once in 250 (80.39 %), the rest (19.61 %) required repeated laser intervention. Retinal detachment developed in 26 children (8.26%) with posterior aggressive retinopathy of prematurity. Сonclusion. Surgical treatment of 311 children with an average birth weight of 916.06 g over 10 years and an average gestational age of 26.65 weeks was effective (induced regression was achieved) in 86.81 % of cases. Keywords: retinopathy of prematurity, laser treatment, retinal detachment.
Impact of a mid-infrared laser on eye tissues
Authors:   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Yusef Y.N. , Petrachkov D.V. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Korobov E.N. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Novikov I.A. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Kravcik M.V. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Pak O.A. ,   Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To study the effect of mid-infrared laser radiation on eye tissues. Material and methods. As a laser, an experimental laser device “Laser scalpel in the middle infrared range 2-8µm for precision surgery” developed at the Vavilov State Optical Institute. The experiment was carried out at a laser radiation wavelength of 3µm, which coincides with the peak of the spectral absorption of water. The retina, choroid, and sclera of pig eyes were used as biological tissue. The effect of laser radiation on tissue was carried out in air. The impact of laser radiation on eye tissues was assessed using an EVO LS10 scanning electron microscope from Zeiss (Germany). After obtaining an image on an electron microscope using the GNU Image Manipulation Program, the depth and diameter of the crater and the width of the collateral damage were calculated. Results and discussion. When exposed to a single laser pulse with an energy of 1 MJ, a through retinal defect was observed. With continuous exposure to laser radiation on the choroid with an energy from 1 to 3 MJ, the crater depth was 128–150 microns, the crater width was 87–110 microns, the collateral damage zone was 50–71 microns. With continuous exposure to laser radiation with similar parameters on the sclera, the depth of the crater, the width of the crater and the area of collateral damage were larger. Conclusions. The depth, width of the crater, the zone of collateral damage when exposed to laser radiation are directly proportional to the time, frequency and energy of the radiation. This laser can be useful in ophthalmic surgery, in particular in vitreoretinal surgery. However, further studies are needed to optimize the parameters of laser radiation. Keywords: vitrectomy, laser vitrectomy, photovitrectomy, Er:YAG laser, mid-infrared spectrum, laser ablation, precision surgery.
Factors determining patient adherence to anti-VEGF therapy
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Bobykin E.V. , Korotkikh S.A. ,   Ural State Medical University, Morozova O.V. ,   Ural State Medical University, Krokhalev V.Y. ,   Ural State Medical University, Buslaev R.V. ,   Ural State Medical University, Beresneva N.S. ,   Ural State Medical University, Nerus I.A. ,   Ural State Medical University
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To summarize the results of our own studies that examined various aspects of patient adherence to anti-VEGF therapy in routine clinical practice. Material and methods.In a studies performed from 2014 to 2021, a retrospective analysis of clinical data was carried out, as well as a survey of patients with macular diseases (637 patients in total, including neovascular age-related macular degeneration – 554 cases) who received anti-VEGF therapy (ranibizumab, aflibercept) for registered indications. Results. The influence on adherence to treatment of various factors was established, including demographic characteristics (gender and age), the state of visual functions (initial visual acuity in both eyes, its dynamics and the quality of central vision achieved during treatment), the level of satisfaction with treatment (including tolerability of therapy and the level of patient's awareness), therapy burden, financial burden, and the progression of comorbidities. Conclusion. Individualization of treatment is essential to improve the effectiveness of anti-VEGF therapy in daily practice. Keywords: anti-VEGF therapy, adherence, routine clinical practice, treatment duration, lost to follow-up.
Complexity of vascular system as a universal criteria of macular neovascularization activity in some retinal diseases
Authors:   Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (FMBA) Russia, Moscow, Kovalevskaya M.A. , Pererva O.A. ,   Federal Medical Biophysical Center of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (FMBA) Russia, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Background. By 2040, the number of people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is expected to be around 300 million worldwide and 642 million people with diabetes. It will cause a major socioeconomic public health challenge. The main criterion for the anti-VEGF treatment of is the activity of neovascularization, which is determined by its configuration. The search for optimal criteria for quantifying the state of the macular region in order to decide on the appointment of anti-VEGF therapy continues. Purpose. Improving the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of AMD and diabetic angioretinopathy (DARP) based on the assessment of the configuration of vascular system on the “Key to Diagnosis II” platform. Material and methods. The study included 341 patients: 64 % (218 patients; 267 eyes) non-neovascular AMD, 36 % (123 patients; 174 eyes) neovascular. 56 patients (58 eyes) had active CNV type I. Group 1A – active CNV before treatment (9 patients, 9 eyes), group 1B – non-active CNV after treatment with anti-VEGF (9 patients, 9 eyes), control of 10 patients (10 eyes) without AMD. Analysis of OCT-angio images included the isolation of CNV, its area, fractal dimension (Df) and the complexity of the vascular system (CVS) counting. Results. Group 1A Df 1.5871 ± 0.05, CCC 2.29 ± 0.29, area 11734 ± 4866, 1B – Df 1.6462 ± 0.08, CCC 1.65 ± 0.18, area 6797 ± 3818, control Df 1.9167 ± 0.06, CVS 1, area 0. Significant differences were found for CVS (p= 0.0003). Df correlates with the CNV area (p= 0.7) and is probably an unreliable parameter due to incomplete visualization of active CNVs. In DARP an average correlation was found between stage and Df (p= 0.6) and Df and CCC (p= 0.54), and a high correlation between stage and CVS (p= 0.96). Conclusions. CVS is a universal criterion suitable for evaluation of OCT-angio images for neovascularization activity check for convolutional neural networks training based on the Key to Diagnosis II platform. Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, diabetic angioretinopathy macular neovascularization, antiVEGF, retinal vascular analysis.
Development of high-speed video fixation method to study wound ballistics and macroscopic changes during reproduction of experimental open globe injury
Authors:   FGBVOU VO “Kirov Military Medical Academy”. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia, Kol'bin A.A. , Kulikov A.N. ,   FGBVOU VO “Kirov Military Medical Academy”. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia, Churashov S.V ,   FGBVOU VO “Kirov Military Medical Academy”. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia, Zdorovtsov D.R ,   FGBVOU VO “Kirov Military Medical Academy”. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To develop a method of high-speed video fixation of a standardized model of gunshot open globe injury type B. Material and methods. The study was divided into several stages. Literature analysis, simulation of different types of gunshot open globe injury, and visualization of changes by high-speed video fixation were carried out in the course of the work. Gunshot open globe injury type B: was reproduced on 9 cadaver rabbits (18 eyes), projectile used: modified dart, rifle cylinder pumping: 1 compression, average projectile velocity: 24 m/s. A lighting system consisting of 5 Gauss elementary 150 W LED lamps (Moscow, Russia), Iphone 7 (Apple, USA), Sony RX100 V (Sony, Japan), and Phantom Miro 310 (Vision Research, USA) were used for shooting. Results. The study has shown that only using the Phantom Miro 310 camera for filming such a fast-moving process as the formation of a gunshot open globe injury is reasonable and optimal. The trajectory of the projectile and the projectile itself can be clearly seen and the type of injury can be determined. Conclusions. A method of video fixation of a standardized model of gunshot open globe injury type B of the eye has been developed. This method is highly informative, easily reproducible and used for investigation of projectile ballistics, kinetics and macroscopic changes of the model of not only gunshot open globe injury type B, but also other types of eye trauma and also closed globe trauma. The study was performed at the Department of Ophthalmology of Prof. V.V. Volkov of the Military Medical Academy. Keywords: gunshot open globe injury, high-speed video fixation, model, technique.
Efficacy of transpupillary thermotherapy in the management of progressive choroidal nevus
Authors:   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov, Russia, Gurko T.S. ,   FSBEI HE Tambov State University, Medical Institute, ophthalmological department, Tambov, Russia, Yablokova N.V. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov, Russia, Fabrikantov O.L. ,   The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov, Russia,   FSBEI HE Tambov State University, Medical Institute, ophthalmological department, Tambov, Russia
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To perform a retrospective analysis of the efficacy of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) in progressive choroidal nevus. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the case histories of 35 patients (35 eyes) with progressive choroidal nevus was performed. To diagnose a neoplasm and monitor the treatment results, in addition to standard methods, special ones were also used: ultrasound B-scan, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography. According to ultrasound B-scan before treatment, the height of the neoplasm ranged from 0.78 to 3.79 mm (1.70 (1.40; 1.94)), length – from 1.3 to 14.21 mm (6.51 (5.12; 7.64)). The treatment was carried out on the IRIS MEDICAL IQ 810 “IRIDEX” laser device in the LONGPULSE mode. Results. After treatment, in 17 patients, according to the B-scan, prominence in the nevus zone was not determined. And in 18 patients (51.4 %), a statistically significant decrease in the height and extent of the neoplasm after TTT was recorded. The average prominence height was 1.40 (1.20; 1.60), and the length was 6.10 (4.69; 7.40). In 34 patients (97.14 %), visual acuity remained the same after laser treatment. The followup period ranged from 4 months to 4 years. Conclusion. The TTT method in the treatment of progressive choroidal nevus has shown its safety, functional-saving capabilities with high efficiency, and the prospects for the treatment of this pathology in laser surgery departments. Keywords: ophthalmoonсology, transpupillary thermotherapy, progressive nevus, choroid.
The choice of tamponade in the surgical treatment of submacular hemorrhages in the exudative age-related macular degeneration
Authors:   JSC «MEDSI Group of Companies», Clinical and diagnostic Center on Solyanka, Moscow, Krupina E.A. , Chernukha V.A. ,   JSC «MEDSI Group of Companies», Clinical and diagnostic Center on Solyanka, Moscow, Trubilin A.V. ,   JSC «MEDSI Group of Companies», Clinical and diagnostic Center on Solyanka, Moscow
Published: April 2022

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and anatomical results of surgical treatment of submacular hemorrhages in the exudative age-related macular degeneration with tamponade with air or gas-air mixture. Material and methods. We examined 6 patients (6 eyes) with the diagnosis of submacular hemorrhages. The average age of the subjects was 69.47 ± 3.12 years. The maximum corrected acuity averaged 0.03 ± 0.04. According to the data of optical coherence tomography, a high central detachment of the neuro- and pigment epithelium with hemorrhagic contents was determined in patients. All patients had previously received a course of intravitreal injections of an angiogenesis inhibitor (Aflibercept) in the range from 1 to 5. In the presence of lens opacity, surgical treatment was started with phacoemulsification of cataracts. In the main group, after microinvasive subtotal vitrectomy and subretinal administration of tissue plasminogen activator (Prourokinase)® 500, irrigation fluid was replaced with sterile air; in the control group, the operation was completed with a gas-air mixture tamponade. In the early postoperative period, patients of both groups were recommended a forced head position «face down» two days. The follow-up period for patients was 3 months. Results. The compared groups did not differ in terms of age and gender. The duration of existence of submacular hemorrhages was 6.27 ± 2.67 days. In the early operational period, low visual acuity was explained by tamponade with air or a gas-air mixture. In the main group, air resorption occurred for 10 ± 1.53 days with an increase in visual acuity to 0.25 ± 0.06 and lysis of the submacular clot. The displacement of the blood clot from the central area of the retina by air or gas-air mixture, with the correct positioning of the patient, occurred at the same time (6.87 = 2.13 days). In the control group, an increase in visual acuity to 0.23 ± 0.04 was observed for a longer period – 22 ± 3.12 days due to a longer period of resorption of the gas-air mixture. During the observation period of 3 months, stable results were achieved in all cases in patients of both groups. Conclusion. Microinvasive subtotal vitrectomy and subretinal injection of Prourokinase with air tamponade can achieve a significant improvement in the functional results of treatment in a shorter period. Keyword: submacular hemorrhage, age-related macular degeneration, air tamponade, optical coherence tomography.
Changes in the functional parameters of the central part of the retina after using various methods of blocking an unclosed macular hole
Authors:   FGBU «NMHC im. N.I. Pirogova» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Larina E.A. , Fayzrakhmanov R.R. ,   FGBU «NMHC im. N.I. Pirogova» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pavlovskii O.A. ,   FGBU «NMHC im. N.I. Pirogova» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2022

Over the past decades, the surgical treatment of macular holes has been developing more and more rapidly, new methods of blocking an anatomical defect in the central part of the retina are emerging. However, the percentage of macular holes recurrence remains still high, according to various literary foreign and domestic sources, from 3 to 30 %. Purpose. Еvaluate the functional parameters of the retina using various methods of blocking an unclosed macular hole (creating a free ILM flap with the application of ACP-mass and tamponade with an air-gas mixture or creating a free ILM flap in combination with silicone oil tamponade). Material and methods. This study involved 92 patients, the patients were divided into groups according to the principle of repeated surgical intervention, the visual acuity, stability and displacement of the fixation point were studied in all patients. Results. In patients of both groups, an improvement in the functional parameters of the retina was noted, however, visual acuity and gaze fixation were better in the group with gas tamponade. Conclusion. Both proposed techniques for closing previously unblocked MRs are highly effective, however, the technique using a free ILM flap, application of ACP-mass and tamponade with an air-gas mixture provides better functional results due to the absence of toxic and mechanical effects of SO. Keywords: macular rupture, free flap, silicone oil, ACP mass, gas-air mixture, fixation point
Computational Chemistry Column: Combined Quantum Mechanical and Molecular Mechanical Approaches
Authors: Mordasini Tiziana Z. , Thiel Walter
Published: April 2022

The embedding of a quantum mechanical region in a molecular mechanical environment allows a theoretical treatment of very large systems. This article reviews recent methodological developments for such hybrid methods and surveys selected applications including solvation effects, enzymatic
reactions, and electronic excitations in condensed phase.
Driving Aspirational Process Mass Intensity Using SMART-PMI and Innovative Chemistry
Authors: Sherer Edward , Bagchi Ansuman , Kosjek Birgit , Maloney Kevin , Peng Zhengwei , Robaire Sandra , Sheridan Robert , Metwally Essam , Campeau Louis-Charles
Published: April 2022

An important metric for gauging the impact a synthetic route has on chemical resources, cost, and sustainability is process mass intensity (PMI). Calculating the overall PMI or step PMI for a given synthesis from a process description is more and more common across the pharmaceutical industry, especially in process chemistry departments. Our company has established a strong track record of delivering on our Corporate Sustainability goals, being recognized with eight EPA Green Chemistry Challenge Awards in the last 15 years and we show how these routes help define aspirational PMI tar-gets. While green chemistry principles help in optimizing PMI and developing more sustainable processes, a key challenge for the field is defining what a ‘good’ PMI for a molecule looks like given its structure alone. An existing tool chemists have at their disposal to predict PMI requires the synthetic route be provided or proposed (e.g., via retrosynthetic analysis) which then enables practitioners to compare predicted PMIs between routes. We have developed SMART-PMI (in-Silico MSD Aspirational Research Tool) to fill the gap in predicting PMI from molecular structure alone. Using only a 2D chemical structure, we can generate a predicted SMART-PMI from a measure of molecular complexity. We show how these predictions correlate with historical PMI data from our company’s clinical and commercial portfolio of processes. From this SMART-PMI prediction, we have established target ranges which we termed “Successful”, “World Class”, and “Aspirational” PMI. The goal of this range is to set the floor for what is a “good” PMI for a given molecule and provide ambitious targets to drive innovative green chemistry. Using this model, chemists can develop synthetic strategies that make the biggest impact on PMI. As innovation in chemistry and processes lead to better and better PMIs , in turn, this data can drive ever more aggressive targets for the model. The potential of SMART-PMI to set industry-wide aspirational PMI tar-gets is discussed.
Asymmetric syntheses of (+)- and (–)-collybolide enable reevaluation of kappa-opioid receptor agonism
Authors: Shevick Sophia , Freeman Stephan , Tong Guanghu , Russo Robin , Bohn Laura , Shenvi Ryan
Published: April 2022

The fungal metabolite collybolide attracted attention as a non-nitrogenous, potent and biased agonist of the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR). Here we report a 10-step asymmetric synthesis of this complex sesquiterpene that enables facile access to either enantiomer. The synthesis relies on a diastereoselective α-benzoyloxylation to install the buried C6 benzoate and avoid irreversible translactonization of the congested, functionally dense core. Neither enantiomer, however, exhibited KOR agonism, indicating that collybolide has been mischaracterized as a KOR agonist and leaving open the basis for antipruritic effects in mice.
Teaching undergraduate physical chemistry lab with kinetic analysis of COVID-19 in the United States
Authors: Smith Dylan , Lauro Kristin , Kelly Dymond , Fish Joel , Lintelman Emma , McEwen David , Smith Corrin , Stecz Max , Ambagaspitiya Tharushi , Chen Jixin
Published: April 2022

A physical chemistry lab for undergraduate students described in this report is about applying kinetic models to analyze the spread of COVID-19 in the United States and obtain the reproduction numbers. The susceptible-infectious-recovery (SIR) model and the SIR-vaccinated (SIRV) model are explained to the students and are used to analyze the COVID-19 spread data from U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The basic reproduction number R0 and the real-time reproduction number Rt of COVID-19 are extracted by fitting the data with the models, which explains the spreading kinetics and provides a prediction of the spreading trend in a given state. The procedure outlined here shows the differences between the SIR model and the SIRV model. The SIRV model considers the effect of vaccination which helps explain the later stages of the ongoing pandemic. The predictive power of the models is also shown giving the students some certainty in the predictions they made for the following months.
Regioselective anti-Silyllithiation of Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Karad Somnath N. , Saito Hayate , Shimokawa Jun , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: April 2022

Among the known hydrosilylation or carbosilylation conditions of alkynes, anti-addition of the two units across the triple bond is considered rare compared to the syn counterpart. For anti-silylative vicinal difunctionalizations, transition-metal catalysts, such as ruthenium or palladium complexes, are generally required. Accordingly, silyl alkali metals have not been employed for those anti-addition transformations. Here we demonstrate that silyllithiums can add across the triple bond of a series of propargylic alkoxides regioselectively in an anti-fashion. Upon treatment with a variety of electrophiles, the tri-substituted alkenyl lithium intermediates were transformed into highly functionalized β-silyl allylic alcohols with high regio-control, eventually providing tri- or tetrasubstituted alkenylsilanes stereoselectively. A classic trick for anti-addition with propargylic alkoxides has transformed anti-silylative functionalizations into a robust and reliable strategy.
Site-selective ion intercalation controls spectral response in electrochromic hexagonal tungsten oxide nanocrystals
Authors: Zydlewski Benjamin , Lu Hsin-Che , Celio Hugo , Milliron Delia
Published: April 2022

The electrochromism of tungsten oxide occurs through electrochemical reduction, providing active solar control to smart windows, but control over the spectral response is limited and largely empirical. To determine how specific chemical changes result in the optical absorption processes responsible for coloration, we pair structurally well-defined electrochromic nanocrystals (NCs) with cations of varying ionic radii to limit intercalation into specific crystallographic sites. The localized surface plasmon absorption of hexagonal cesium-doped tungsten oxide (Cs:WO3) NCs is enhanced, and new absorption features appear, depending on how the cations intercalate into various interstitial voids. These differences were rationalized using X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopies to reveal the chemical and structural changes leading to the observed variations in the electrochemically induced absorption spectra. Smaller cations, Na+ and Li+, can access additional interstitial sites, leading to a secondary, polaronic mechanism of electrochromism, accounting for enhanced visible light absorption.
SpeedMixing: Rapid Synthesis and Discovery of Model Pharmaceutical Cocrystals without Milling or Grinding Media
Authors: Teoh Yong , Ayoub Ghada , Huskic Igor , Titi Hatem , Nickels Christopher , Herrmann Brad , Friscic Tomislav
Published: April 2022

We present SpeedMixing, a rapid blending technology, as an approach for the mechanochemical discovery and synthesis of model pharmaceutical cocrystals without the need for bulk solvents and milling/grinding media. The syntheses of well-known model pharmaceutical cocrystals based on the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) carbamazepine, dihydrocarbamazepine, and nicotinamide demonstrate SpeedMixing as a method for rapid, scalable, and selective synthesis of cocrystals, cocrystal polymorphs and stoichiomorphs, including the discovery of an unexpected methanol solvate of the archetypal cocrystal of carbamazepine and saccharin, which has eluded numerous and extensive screens reported over almost 20 years.
Unexpected isomerization of oxetane-carboxylic acids
Authors: Chalyk Bohdan , Grynyova Anastasiia , Filimonova Kateryna , Rudenko Tymofii , Dibchak Dmitry , Mykhailiuk Pavel
Published: April 2022

We unexpectedly discovered that popular oxetane-carboxylic acids are intrinsically unstable. They easily isomerize into lactones under storage at rt, or under slight heating. Chemists should keep in mind the high instability of these common molecules, as this could dramatically affect the reaction yields and lead to negative results (especially in those reactions that require heating).
A Sterically Tuned Directing Auxiliary Promotes Catalytic 1,2-Carbofluorination of Alkenyl Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Liu Zhonglin , Oxtoby Lucas , Li Zi-Qi , Kim Nana , Davies Geraint , Engle Keary
Published: April 2022

The site-selective palladium-catalyzed three-component coupling of unactivated alkenyl carbonyl compounds, aryl- or alkenylboronic acids, and N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide is described herein. Tuning of the steric environment on the bidentate directing auxiliary is proposed to facilitate challenging C(sp3)–F reductive elimination from a Pd(IV) intermediate to afford 1,2-carbofluorination products in good yields and with high regioselectivity.
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF PRIMARY MILK PROCESSING ON FARMS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, KORSHUNOV ALEKSEI B.
Published: April 2022

Technological processes of primary processing and storage of livestock products require large volumes of low-potential thermal energy. One of the effective ways to preserve the high quality of milk, reduce the energy consumption of primary processing and storage of livestock products is the use of alternative energy sources. The author has analyzed systems for primary processing and storage of milk based on the use of natural cold, vacuum and thermoelectric modules. The article shows the advantages of such systems as compared with traditional ones and gives the classification of equipment using natural cold. It is noted that when using natural cold, the cost of electricity for cooling milk is reduced to 10…12 kWh/t, and when using a hybrid vacuum-evaporation plant – up to 15…18 kWh/t. The article presents a technological scheme of a thermoelectric installation for milk cooling and pasteurization and recuperative heating of washing water on farms with milking robots. Based on the performed analysis the author makes recommendations on the use of alternative energy sources for milk pre-cooling on farms with milking robots. It is established that the use of alternative energy sources provides for environmentally safe, energy-saving and reliable primary processing and storage of livestock products in the places of its production, and contributes to a significant reduction in losses and preservation of high quality. Studies have proved the effectiveness of using combined cooling and storage systems for livestock products using natural cold in combination with thermoelectric, vacuum, and ground cooling.
CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION OF MILK
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, MASLOV MAKSIM M
Published: April 2022

When analyzing raw milk properties, we should take into account the complexity and ambiguity of the “bacterial contamination” criterion. The authors evaluated the influence of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of milk on its contamination over a year period. Milk testing protocols for 2020 were used as a source of information. The values of acidity, the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (CMAFAnM), the number of somatic cells, the proportion of protein and fat, and the density of milk were studied. To assess the influence of environmental parameters, the authors took ionto account the values of air temperature and humidity at the moment of sampling. Sampling was carried out according to GOST 26809.1-2014 “Milk and dairy products. Acceptance rules, sampling methods, and sample preparation for analysis”. The research was carried out on three dairy farms of the Knyaginino district of the Nizhny Novgorod region. They included a dairy farm with tie-up housing for 200 heads with milking in a linear type milk pipeline; a dairy farm with loose housing for 400 heads with milking in a herringbone type milk pipeline; a dairy farm with combined (tie-up and loose) housing for 450 heads with milking in a linear-type milk pipeline. The lowest indicator of QMAFAnM (total viable content) was noticed in March, and the highest – in November. The correlation analysis showed that the greatest influence of the studied factors on the level of bacterial contamination is exerted by the number of somatic cells (Pearson correlation coefficient R = 0.71 with a confidence probability P = 0.0619). The authors suppose that this situation may result from improper hygienic condition of the udder, equipment, and premises. There was a weak influence on the level of bacterial contamination of milk density (R = –0.18 at P = 0.096) and ambient air temperature (R = –0.18 at P = 0.095), which may be result from insufficient cooling of milk before transportation.
TRENDS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF TECHINICAL MEANS AND THE REPLACEABILITY OF TECHNOLOGICAL MODES OF PRODUCTION
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, VODYANNIKOV VLADIMIR T.
Published: April 2022

The development of technical means of production contributes to the improvement of technological modes of the economy. To establish trends of updating technical means and form technological modes of the country’s economy, and their interrelation and interdependence, the author has identified and characterized key periods of formation and development of technology, identified key factors of formation and improvement of the technological modes of production, and advanced technical and technological development trends of modern production. It has been established that the acceleration of scientific and technological progress under modern conditions is accompanied by the implementation of scientific achievements in the vital activity of society in the process of the gradual transfer of individual human functions and complex production operations to technical means, transformation of technologies and machinery. Ultimately, machinery is transformed into a machine system. The perfection of the machine system as a whole and coordinated change of each link provide for automation and digitalization of production at qthe ualitatively new technical and technological level, realizing progressive, innovative methods of organization and management of production. The evolution of technology stimulates the activities of the scientific community in the technical and technological segment, and promotes the formation of new technological modes in the national economy. It has been determined that in the process of the historical improvement of production, innovative technical means and technologies become the “driver” of the emergence of new technological modes. A change in the technological mode results from technological progress, accompanied by radical changes in the development of productive forces, renewal of the workforce with competences that meet the requirements of the new technological mode. The country’s transition to the sixth technological mode will ensure the rapid development of all spheres of social production, and at the same time will increase the profitability and competitive advantages of domestic agricultural production.
Dynamics of infection of geese with Ganguleterakisdispar (Schrank, 1790) in private farms of Bilasuvar and Shamkir regions of Azerbaijan
Authors: Agaeva Zerbab Tyavakgyul kyzy
Published: April 2022

The studies were carried out in various private farms located in Bilasuvar (villages of Khirmandalli, Aliabad, Bagbanlar, Chinarli) and Shamkir regions (villages of Seifali, Gapanli, Seidlar, Irmashly) of Azerbaijan. Examinations were carried out in private farms of Bilasuvar region among geese of different ages and 66.0% infection with gangulеter acidos was detected in 3-month-olds and 48.0% in adults. In general, when examining samples of feces, taken from various private farms in the region, 57.0% of infection was dentified. In order to study the infection of geese with Ganguleterakisdispar on the dependence of bioecological characteristics in private farms in the Bilasuvar region, during surveys carried out in lowland, foothill and mountainous zones, it was found that a relatively high level of infection was found in farms where geese are kept, in villages located in the foothillzone. As a result of scatological examinations, 43.3% of infection was detected in the lowland zone, 58.3% in the foothillzone and 35.0% in the mountainous zone. And inallzones of the Bilasuvar region, thein total infection was 45.6%. During the coprological examination conducted in private poultry farms of the Shamkir district, infection with ganguloterakidosis was detected 54.0% in geese of 3 months of age, and 34.0% in adults. In general, 44.0% of cases of infection were detected during the examination of private farms of the district  located in the villages of Seifali, Gapanli, Seidlar, Irmashly. During the examinations conducted in the lowlying, foothill and mountainous zone of the Shamkirdistrict, it was found that the infection rate with ganguloterakidosis in farms where geese are kept, located on the territory of villages in the foothill zonewas 51.7%, in the lowlands – 31.7% and inmountainous zones  23.3%. And in all zones of the Shamkir district, the infection rate was 35.6%.
The results of a study of a device that suppresses unwanted vegetation along linear objects to ensure their safe operation
Authors: Anisimov Sergey Aleksandrovich , Goryunov Dmitry Gennadievich , Karpova Olga Valerievna , Pankin Kirill Evgenievich
Published: April 2022

The article reviews the need to suppress unwanted vegetation along linear objects to ensure their safe operation with the use of specialized devices. The design of a device for local application of arboricide to stumps in order to suppress them is presented. The parameters of the working organ are rationalized by studying the influence of the geometry of the loosening elements on the effectiveness of the process of suppressing unwanted vegetation and stumps.
Efficiency of new strains of lactic acid bacteria and B. licheniformis in corn preservation
Authors: Bikchantaev Irek Tagirovich , Afordoanyi Daniel Mavuena
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the results of a laboratory study on the effect of an inoculant containing live lactic acid bacteria and their combinations when harvesting corn silage. A positive tendency of microorganisms in the preservation of nutrients in the finished feed was revealed.
Hydroisomerization Of Paraffin Wax Of Sumatran Light Waxy Residue For Lubricating Oil And Fuel Oils Production Using The BI - Functional Catalysts With Various Acid Supports
Authors: Nasution A.S
Published: April 2022

Paraffin wax (average mol wt 750-850) of Sumatran Light Waxy Residue was hydroisomerized by bi-functional catalyst with various acidic com- ponents, using a catetest unit, operated at high temperature and pressure with continous system . The reaction products were distilled at at- mospheric pressure to 380°C and the residues subjected to a dewaxing treat ment at - 20°C. Based on this separation the reaction products were regarded as pseudo three component systems the component being lubricating oil, unconverted wax and cracked products. The lubricating oils obtained in the experiments have a-viscosity index of 122- 16S, With M/AI0-SIO2 type catalyst a maximal oil yield of 28,0 per cent wt was obtained with 25 per cent of cracked products. And at 50 percent by wt of feedstock conversion, the smoke point of kerosene and diesel index of gas oil are 34 and 87 mm respectively. The wux contents in the feedstock is an important source for high viscosity index lubricating oil produC tion obtained by hydroisomerization of this wax.
The Miocene/Pliocene Boundary In The North East Java Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Soeka Soemoenar , Suminta Suminta , Siswoyo Siswoyo
Published: April 2022

As a part of the LEMIGAS Research Programme on Neogene Epoch Boundaries in the Indonesian Tertiary Basins, in 1981 fiscal year is selected North East Java Basin as an object for research. In this paper we will stress our work on the Miocene/ Pliocene Boundary of the basin based on planktonic Foraminifera. More recently a lot of paleontologists have been working on the Miocene/Pliocene Boundary problem. Bandy (1963) used the first appearance of Sphaeroidinella dihescens as a boundary in the Phillipine, whereas boundary based on the initial apppearance of Globoratalia margaritae. carried out an examination of samples from the Trubi Marl of the Zanclean Sicily and came to the conclusion approximately with middle N18 of this zonal scheme. Bolli ( 1966, revision in 19/0 ) put this stage In 1969, Blow Berggren (1973) proposed the limit of this stage boundary based on the last occurrence of Globoquadrina dehiscens. Kaneps (1974) based on this observation on planktonic Foraminifera of the DSDP cores from the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean came to the conclusion that the Miocene/Pliocene Boundary lies at the base of Globoratalia tumida zone. The base of this zone was placed at the horizon of the initial appearance of Globoratalia tumida while the upper boundary was placed at the horizon of reversal in coiling direction of Pulleniatina primalis from left below to right above. Pringgoprawiro and Baharuddin (1979) on the other hand proposed the initial appearance of Sphaeroidinella immatura as a boundary between these two periods. The purpose of this paper is to study the ranges of some selected important species, and to detect how far these species can be used as a tool for Miocene/Pliocene Boundary in the North East Java Basin. No radiometric age dating has been done in the area.
1982 3rd Ascope Laboratories Test Correlation Programme On C.F.R. Engine
Authors: Mustafa Bustani , Jasjfi E
Published: April 2022

During the 2nd Workshup on the ASCOPE Laboratory Test Correlation Programme which was, held in Kuala Lumpur 17 - 18 August 1981, the following consensus was reached among participating laboratories : • The frequency of the correlation test programme should be increased to twice a year. • Testing should be carried out at the same day and time specified by the Programme coordinator. • Testing should be carried out according to the same procedure (bracketing Method). Member countries taking part in this correlation programme are Indonesia as coordinator with seven laboratories participating, Malaysia with one laboratory, Thailand and the Philip- pines with two laboratories each. The coordinator in this correlation programme is respon- sible in preparing the correlation samples and sending them by air to each participating laboratory. The first part of this programme (3rd Correlation Programme) was started by sending samples in January 1982 and the second part (4th Correlation Programme) was starting by sending samples in March 1982. It will appear in the next publication. After being tested by the participating laboratories, the test result are to be sent to the coordinator for the determination of the standard deviation and other statistical data. Based on these results, conclusions can be drawn about the deviation of laboratory test results and about outliers to be rejected. For better analysis of the results, for each of the samples for correlation it is also required to report physical and chemical tests such as specific gravity, R.V.P., distillation and lead (TEL) content in the receiving laboratories. This is necessary in order to take into account any possible changes in the sample properties which might have occured during transporta- tion and storage. Also to be observed are ambient and engine operating conditions during the correlation tests. The results of this analysis can then be used as a base for deviations the occurence of outliers and recommendation of remedial steps to be taken. d The method used for testing the samples is the bracketing method, while for rounding the value of the member found during the tests the ASA rules for rounding are used. SADIM The Grubb's rejection criteria with the use of "T" factors is used in evaluating the possible outliers. • Presented by the Indonesian Technical Committee to the Workshop on ASCOPE Laboratory held in Bangkok, Thailand, 9- 11 October 1982.
Экономика в зеркале смены эпох : организация и управление на основе синергии инновационного и традиционного подходов
Authors:   Московский политехнический университет, Ларионов И.К.
Published: April 2022

В настоящее время происходит смена исторических эпох. В новой эпохе кардинально изменится вся жизнедеятельность людей, в том числе и экономическая. Новая эпоха многовариантна, возможно осуществление как негативных, так и позитивных сценариев будущего. Все определит Провидение с учетом поведения человека. Ему предоставлена свобода выбора. Как разобраться в тенденциях становления новой экономики новой эпохи? Что нужно делать человеку, как вести себя для того, чтобы генерировать положительный сценарий развития событий, - этому посвящена данная книга. Ее автор в ряде своих опубликованных книг выступил инициатором зарождения новой науки познания - Интралогии, создаваемой на фундаменте синергии эзотерики и диалектики. С позиции Интралогии автор данной монографии ставит и разрешает проблему, сущность которой в концентрированном виде представлена в заглавии книги. Для читателей, движимых глубоким интересом к познанию, пониманию и осмыслению проблем развития экономики в качестве составной части проблем жизнедеятельности человека и социума, России и мира.