bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting and optimizing the wear behavior of centrifugal cast β-TCP/ Mg–2Zn–1Mn alloys: A hybrid artificial neural network—Grey relational analysis approach
Authors: Vignesh C. , Chockalingam K. , Umar Sherif S. , Nagarajan K.J.
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the wear behavior of temporary implant such as plates and screws made by Mg–2Zn–1Mn alloy reinforced with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) under both dry and wet sliding conditions. Grey relational analysis (GRA) and an artificial neural network (ANN) model were utilized to predict wear and optimize performance, considering process parameters such as β-TCP content (0%, 2.5%, 5%), load (20, 40, 60 N), sliding speeds (2, 4, 6 m/s), and sliding distances (800, 1600, 2400 m). The wear rate ( Ws) and coefficient of friction (COF) were evaluated using an orthogonal array L27 to optimize both dry and wet conditions. The optimal process parameters obtained through GRA for dry conditions are 5% β-TCP, 20 N, 4 m/s, and 1600 m, while for wet conditions, they are 0% β-TCP, 20 N, 2 m/s, and 2400 m. The experiment was conducted to calculate Ws and COF using the above process parameters. The values of Ws and COF are 0.010149 mm³/m and 0.109 for dry conditions, and 0.001143 mm³/m and 0.128 for wet conditions. The ANN predicted values for dry conditions are 0.010471 mm³/m for Ws and 0.11045 for COF, with error percentages of 3.17% and 1.33%, respectively. Similarly, for wet conditions, the predicted values are 0.001107 mm³/m for Ws and 0.125 for COF, with error percentages of 3.13% and 2.77%. The ANOVA results for the Grey relational grade (GRG) show that load was the most significant factor influencing wear performance, contributing 51.91% in dry conditions and 34.69% in wet conditions. The close alignment of predictions from both models, with overall error percentages below 3.17%, demonstrates their reliability and effectiveness. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis of worn surfaces under optimal conditions provided insights into the wear mechanisms. This study confirms that GRA and ANN models are highly effective for predicting and optimize the wear behavior.
Frequency analysis of a sandwich conical shell with nanocomposite face layers and a honeycomb core with oriented cells
Authors: Amirabadi Hossein , Darakhsh Arashk , Sarafraz Mirsalman , Afshari Hassan
Published: December 2024

In this research, the free vibration analysis is investigated for a sandwich conical shell with two nanocomposite face layers and either a hexagonal honeycomb (HH) or a re-entrant honeycomb (RH) core oriented in an arbitrary direction. Both HH and RH cores are orthotropic structures, but the RH is an auxetic structure and the HH is a non-auxetic one. The nanocomposite face layers are fabricated of a polymeric matrix strengthened with uniformly distributed agglomerated either carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). The sandwich shell is modeled via Murakami’s zig-zag theory, and the governing equations and boundary conditions are derived through Hamilton’s principle. The influences of various parameters on the natural frequencies are investigated including orientation, wall thickness, and inclined angle of the cells in the honeycomb core, thickness of the honeycomb core, mass fraction and type of the nanofibers, agglomeration intensity, and boundary conditions. It is concluded that in each vibrational mode, there are optimum values for the orientation and wall thickness of the cells and thickness of the honeycomb core which result in the highest natural frequency.
Can an energy-consuming rights trading system control environmental inequality?
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhao Zhe , Teng Zhaoyue , Wang Jingyu
Published: December 2024

This article examined the influence of the energy-consuming rights trading system (ERS) on environmental inequality, discussed the influence mechanism through the lenses of industrial structure upgrading and green technology innovation, and analyzed the possible spatial spillover effect of ERS with panel data at the provincial level in China from 2003 to 2021. The results indicate that ERS can significantly control provincial environmental inequality by advancing industrial upgrades and fostering green technology innovation. The controlling effect of ERS on environmental inequality is more obvious in regions with more serious environmental inequality, and the controlling effect on the old industrial base is also greater than on the non-old industrial base. Additionally, ERS has helped control environmental inequality in surrounding provinces. In light of the research findings, a series of policy recommendations have been put forth with the aim of further developing and enhancing China's energy-consuming trading market. Overall, this article presents new empirical evidence of the interplay between the energy consumption trading market and environmental inequality. In addition, it offers new approaches and references for policymakers to improve the energy-consuming trading market and the environmental inequalities.
Does green finance really have anything to do with carbon emissions? An analysis from a global perspective
Authors: Su Chi-Wei , Ding Yu-Mei , Wang Kai-Hua , Wang Xiao-Qing
Published: December 2024

The paper illustrates the dynamic causal connection between green finance (GF) and carbon emissions (CO2) from global perspective. The study indicates that the correlation between GF and CO2 is not uniform in different periods. GF has a dual effect on CO2, the negative effect may be caused by technological innovation, and the positive effect may be explained by the lower prices of traditional energy. Meanwhile, CO2 exerts a beneficial effect on the GF as a result of environmental pressures such as climate change, whereas it has a visible negative impact on the GF owing to factors such as imperfect green financial markets. By analyzing the three paths of limiting highly polluting enterprises, technological innovation and policy signals, the purpose of this study is to develop a theoretical framework in order to demonstrate the significance of the variables. In addition, this paper explains the reasons for the different correlations between GF and CO2 over time in a global view. Countries around the globe can take different measures according to the different causes, which will be of great benefit in reducing global carbon emissions. In this article, it further makes relevant proposals such as improving the system of green financial market, which can be of vital importance to governments, enterprises, and others.
Explainable AI and trust: How news media shapes public support for AI-powered autonomous passenger drones
Authors: Cheung Justin C , Ho Shirley S
Published: December 2024

This study delves into the intricate relationships between attention to AI in news media, perceived AI explainability, trust in AI, and public support for autonomous passenger drones. Using structural equation modelling ( N = 1,002), we found significant associations between perceived AI explainability and all trust dimensions (i.e., performance, purpose, process). Additionally, we revealed that the public acquired the perception of AI explainability through attention to AI in the news media. Consequently, we found that when the public pondered upon support for autonomous passenger drones, only the trust in performance dimension was relevant. Our findings underscore the importance of ensuring explainability for the public and highlight the pivotal role of news media in shaping public perceptions in emerging AI technologies. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Determinants of E-commerce Adoption by MSMEs: An Empirical Analysis in Odisha
Authors: Behera Prakash Chandra , Chinara Mitali , Behera Alok Ranjan
Published: December 2024

This article aims to examine the adoption of e-commerce by micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Odisha. The quantitative survey approach was employed for the conduct of this research. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the data from a sample of 100 representative MSMEs across the two administrative blocks in the Khordha district of Odisha. The relationship between the variables in this study was analysed by using binary logistic regression technique. The study found that most of the MSMEs had engaged in at least one form of e-commerce level, which is less than the desirable level. Further, the study provides an understanding of the factors responsible for e-commerce adoption by MSMEs in the district. The study found that three variables, that is, the number of staff with IT knowledge, interest to accept e-commerce and size of the business, are the major determining factors that influence MSMEs in adopting e-commerce. Significant challenges hindering e-commerce adoption among MSMEs in Khordha as identified in this study include problems with online banking, speed of the internet, lack of government support, problems in logistic support and lack of IT-qualified staff. Attention should continue to focus on improving the technical infrastructure needed to operate e-commerce and there is a need for media publicity to increase public awareness to push customers and employees to make use of e-commerce. The role of the government is also crucial in providing assistance and training that can help the use of e-commerce in the district.
Unveiling Adolescent Struggles: Exploring the Interplay of Childhood Trauma, Emotional Regulation, and Externalizing Symptoms
Authors: Sharma Prerna , Sen Mahadev Singh , Sinha Uday , Kumar Deepak
Published: December 2024

Aim:

This study examines the interaction between childhood trauma, emotional regulation, and externalizing symptoms among adolescents aged 13 to 19 years, elucidating the role of emotional regulation as a mediator in the relationship between childhood trauma and externalizing behaviors.

Design:

This study utilizes a cross-sectional observational study design.

Method:

A sample of 182 adolescents attending child and adolescent services was assessed. Demographic characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Childhood trauma was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire—Short Form (CTQ), emotional regulation through the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), and externalizing symptoms using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).

Analysis:

Hierarchical multiple regression and mediation analyses were conducted to explore the relationships.

Results:

Most participants were 16–19 years old (66.5%), and 54.9% were female. Notably, childhood trauma positively correlated with externalizing symptoms ( r = 0.39, P < .001) and difficulties in emotion regulation ( r = 0.25, P < .01). Emotional regulation, as measured by DERS, exhibited a significant positive correlation with externalizing symptoms ( r = 0.23, P < .01). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that emotional regulation played a significant role in predicting externalizing scores ( β = 0.358, P < .001). Mediation analysis demonstrated both direct (B = 0.16, P < .001) and indirect effects (B = 0.036, P = .0273) of childhood trauma on externalizing behaviors through emotional regulation.

Conclusions:

This study underscores the multifaceted nature of externalizing behaviors and highlights the interconnectedness of childhood trauma and emotional regulation in their manifestation. Findings suggest that utilizing emotion regulation strategies is pivotal in treatment of externalizing symptoms among adolescents presenting with traumatic history. The proposed mediation model provides valuable insights for developing targeted interventions and preventive strategies in clinical settings.
Reducing the Waiting Time for Retinopathy of Prematurity Evaluation—A Quality Improvement Interventional Study
Authors: Dangayach Naveen , Gupta Shalini , Jain Rohit , Goyal Abhishek , Mittal Jaikrishan
Published: December 2024

Aim

To reduce the waiting time of babies for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) evaluation at a tertiary care paediatric centre in Rajasthan and check its impact on follow-up.

Methods

It was a Quality improvement (QI) interventional study in which a QI team was made. A Fishbone root cause analysis after 1 month of observation was done to understand the reasons for the high waiting time for ROP screening in both IPD and OPD. This was followed by three plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles: segregation of the IPD & OPD patients by fixing two separate days and hiring a full-time paediatric ophthalmologist; distribution of informative digital/printed leaflets; timely reporting of staff, dilation of pupils, equipment availability and proper examination order. Average waiting time and maximum waiting time were measured before and after the PDSA cycles.

Results

After the completion of all PDSA cycles: Overall maximum waiting time for OPD and IPD patients was reduced from 130 and 138 minutes to 96 (26.2%) and 97 minutes (29.7%), respectively. The average waiting time for OPD and IPD patients was reduced from 96.2 and 92.4 minutes to 76.5 (20.5%) and 73.4 minutes (20.6%), respectively. The number of patients coming for ROP follow-up also increased.

Conclusion

The QI initiative using the point of care QI model (POCQI) was quite effective in reducing the maximum and average waiting time of babies undergoing ROP screening. It also increased their follow-up at our centre.
Challenges and Related Interventions Being Practiced by the Employees of a Tertiary Care Centre Amidst the Lockdown Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Saini Ruchi , Saini Sushma Kumari , Kaur Sukhpal , Sharma Nitasha , Pebma Monika , Kalyan Geetanjli , Das Karobi
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The lockdown to curb COVID-19 pandemic has affected day-to-day life of the public. The people faced many challenges in their daily life and took various measures to overcome them.

Objective

To explore challenges being faced by the employees of tertiary care centre during the lockdown period due to COVID-19 pandemic and various interventions undertaken by them to overcome those issues.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted in the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to enrol 151 class III and IV employees of a tertiary care hospital. The data was collected using a questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic profile sheet and questions regarding health-related challenges, preventive practices and the effect of lockdown on basic life activities of the employees of tertiary care Institute during COVID-19 pandemic. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee and written informed consent was taken from each participant.

Results

During lockdown, there was an increase in food intake, weight, duration of physical activity, frequency of bathing and changing clothes, involvement in household chores and time spent with children. However, there was no significant change in the sleeping patterns and sexual activity of the participants. They faced various difficulties in medical consultation of non-covid issues, could not procure medicines and skipped vaccinations of their children. The findings also show that people practiced various measures such as herbal and home remedies increased their frequency and duration of hand-washing and sanitisation and started wearing personal protective equipment to some extent to prevent transmission of COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion and Recommendations

The imposition of lockdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection affected the basic lifestyle of people and changed their behaviours. The people faced many difficulties in accessing healthcare services.
Transforming Practical Evaluations: A Comparative Approach to Students’ Satisfaction with OSCE Versus Traditional Methods
Authors: K Vijayalakshmi , S Revathi
Published: December 2024

Background

Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) is a method of clinical evaluation which is a competency-based, systematic and objective method for the evaluation of students. The present study was carried out to compare the nursing students’ satisfaction between OSCE and Traditional Practical Examination (TPE) in psychiatric nursing at, Chennai, South India.

Methods

The study was conducted using the randomized cross-over research design with two groups in a selected Nursing College, Chennai among 84 III-year B.Sc. Nursing students (42 students in each group), were selected using the consecutive sampling technique. The participants were randomly assigned to Group I and Group II based on their second-year university examination scores, using the odd-even method. Data was collected using the baseline characteristics of the students and rating scale on satisfaction of evaluation methods (OSCE and TPE). The data were entered into Excel and analyzed using SPSS for Windows (20.0, IBM Corp) with appropriate statistical tests.

Results

Overall students’ satisfaction scores were higher in OSCE (98.26 ± 6.44) while comparing to TPE (89.82 ± 7.27, p < .001). Students overwhelmingly perceived positively (strongly agreed) toward OSCE on most of the items on quality of assessment, reliability and validity.

Conclusion

The study found that students reported high levels of satisfaction with the OSCE, indicating its effectiveness as an evaluation tool. This suggests that the OSCE contributes positively to students’ learning experience and engagement in psychiatric nursing education.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Andrographis paniculata Leaf Extract in Cyclophosphamide-induced Immunosuppressed Mice
Authors: Kalona Patrick A. , Sundaresan Uma , Muthiah Chellappandian , Ganesan Ariharasivakumar
Published: December 2024

Background

Cyclophosphamide is one of the most extensively used chemotherapeutic drugs and is employed to treat several malignancies. Cyclophosphamide often comes with several unpleasant side effects. The primary negative consequence of cyclophosphamide in clinical chemotherapy is immunosuppression, which can lead to life-threatening complications. Objectives: The present work was dedicated to exploring the therapeutic effects of Andrographis paniculata against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice.

Materials and Methods

The BALB/c mice were treated with 80 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide to achieve immunosuppression and treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg of A. paniculata extract. 10 mg/kg of levamisole was used as a standard drug. After the completion of the treatments, the body weights of the experimental animals were measured. The immune organs (spleen and thymus) were determined by standard methods. The levels of blood components were studied using an automated hematological analyzer. The macrophage phagocytic index, humoral response, and delayed immune response were studied by standard methods. The histopathological analysis was done on the heart, spleen, and thymus.

Results

The treatment with 250 and 500 mg/kg of A. paniculata extract substantially increased the body weight and elevated the immune organ index in the immunosuppressed mice. The changes in the levels of hematological parameters were successfully modulated by A. paniculata. The levels of macrophage phagocytic index and delayed and humoral immune responses were boosted by the A. paniculata extract treatment in the immunosuppressed mice. The outcomes of histopathological analysis exhibited that the A. paniculata extract attenuated the cyclophosphamide-induced damage to the heart, thymus, and spleen tissues.

Conclusion

The findings of the current work validate the immunomodulatory properties of A. paniculata extract in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. Hence, it was clear that A. paniculata can be a talented immunomodulatory agent to treat immunological complications.
Victim–Survivors Accounts of Men's Change: Findings From a Combined Alcohol and Other Drug Use and Domestic Violence Intervention
Authors: Helps Nicola , McGowan Jasmine , Meyer Silke
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This article is a process evaluation of a previously published outcome study. It provides an exploratory analysis of victim–survivor accounts of behavior change among men participating in a combined alcohol and other drug and domestic violence intervention and women's experiences of family safety contact services. Methods: Interviews with victim–survivors ( n = 10) and program participants ( n = 9). Results: Findings illustrate three patterns: victim–survivor accounts validating, challenging, and offering more nuanced perspectives on men's reports of behavior change. Conclusions: This article argues that victim–survivor engagement in behavior change programs is critical to assess and monitor risk to victim–survivors and other family members, validate other outcome measures related to men's behavior change (or lack thereof), and provide victim–survivor access to support.
Speaking Stoma: Creating a Communication Guide for People With an Ostomy
Authors: Lazenby Braidyn , Guidry Ashley , Donovan Erin E. , Dailey René , Ivatury Srinivas Joga
Published: December 2024

An ostomy is a life-changing procedure. Individuals who have ostomy surgery must adjust to changes post-operation, some of which involve changes to communication and managing social situations. The purpose of this project was to create an evidence-based communication guide for people with ostomies while transitioning to life after surgery and serve as a reference for the creation of communication guides for similar chronic illnesses. Emphasizing co-production, the first stage of the project, referred to as Pre-Design, included a needs assessment through qualitative interviews with ( n = 27) individuals who have had an ostomy for at least a year. In the second stage of the project, Co-Design, our team used information gathered from the interviews with participants to create a rough draft of our communication guide. In the last stage, called Post-Design, we invited seven participants from the Pre-Design stage and recruited eight new participants ( n = 15) to take part in both interviews and focus groups to evaluate the proposed communication guide. We reflect on both the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed communication guide based on feedback gathered from ostomates, followed by a discussion of the benefits of incorporating and applying this guide into practice. Results suggest that there are benefits to co-production as a method for healthcare delivery and multiple needs for guidance related to salient social situations for people with ostomies. These results can be applied to create evidence-based communication guidance for other relevant health contexts.
Returning to School After a Life-Altering Disruption: A Qualitative Study of Childhood Hematologic Malignancies Survivors and Parents
Authors: Huang Hsiu-Mei , Yeh Ting-Chi
Published: December 2024

After completing treatment, hematologic malignancy survivors face a critical phase of reintegrating into society. This study explored how survivors and their parents gradually returned to daily life, using grounded theory and in-depth interviews with 13 survivors and 16 parents. Data were analyzed revealed that hematologic malignancy survivors and their parents needed time to gradually return to daily life after a life-altering disruption after completing treatment. This process includes three categories: (1) adjusting to achievable learning goals, (2) incrementally expanding social relationships, and (3) strengthening daily life skills. As they return to daily life, both hematologic malignancy survivors and their parents need to adjust their mindset and pace to gradually adapt to the challenges they encounter. In the future, school nurses and oncology nurses can collaborate to design appropriate return-to-school plans to assist these children in their adaptation.
Centralization and Long-Term System Performance: Evidence From State Takeovers of School Districts
Authors: Schueler Beth E.
Published: December 2024

Does centralization affect the performance of public institutions in the long run? Can states more successfully improve struggling bureaucracies than local governments? This paper explores these questions in the context of educational governance with a focus on state takeovers of school districts in the U.S.—a shift away from the traditional school board governance arrangement toward more centralized decision-making at the state level. In recent decades, takeovers have become a more common policy response to perceived low performance of public school systems. This paper extends an earlier study on the topic to examine the longer-run effects of this form of political centralization on system performance. Using a nationwide sample and up-to-date event study methods, the paper finds no evidence that takeovers of districts between 2010 and 2018 generated improvements in student reading and math performance, up to nearly a decade after takeover occurred. Takeovers lasting a greater number of years are not associated with differential impacts. Findings are not driven by compositional changes in student populations or bias due to variation in treatment timing. This form of political centralization from local to state levels therefore does not appear to be a consistent tool for improving the performance of public institutions.
Work-Family Conflict and Burnout for Mothers of Color: Exploring the Role of Microaggressions and Gender Role Beliefs
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Kantamneni Neeta , Ahmad Ridzuan Nurul Hannah , Miramonti Amelia A.
Published: December 2024

Within the United States, working mothers of color may have unique work and home/life experiences related to their racial and gender identities that affect their ability to balance work, family, and parenting roles. This exploratory study utilized a work and family interface model to examine how experiences of racial microaggressions and internalized gender beliefs relate to women of color’s work and family conflict as well as parental and work burnout in a sample of 151 working mothers of color. We also examined the moderating effect of institutional support between traditional gender roles beliefs and burnout. We found that experiencing workplace racial microaggressions and holding traditional gender role beliefs predicted greater work to family and family to work conflict; work to family conflict predicted both work and parental burnout yet family to work conflict only predicted work burnout. We also found that institutional support from work organizations mediated the relationship between traditional gender roles beliefs and work burnout, suggesting that supportive workplace environments play an important role in reducing burnout for mothers of color employees.
Reference Scenarios for Policies to Minimize the Generation and Recycling of Municipal Solid Waste
Authors: Galavote Tânia , Coimbra Thatiana Carvalho , Chaves Gisele de Lorena Diniz , Yamane Luciana Harue , Siman Renato Ribeiro
Published: December 2024

This article aims to design and propose time-evolution scenarios to support the implementation of policy instruments that promote recycling and minimize MSW generation. Two reference scenarios, Audacious and Realistic, are presented, drawing on international and Brazilian references and represented by S-shaped curves and your inflection points. For each scenario, instruments and guidelines are proposed and classified by experts for their applicability to Brazilian municipalities of various population groups. Findings highlight educational and economic instruments as primary drivers of recycling and waste reduction, yielding significant decreases in per capita generation (47%) and recycling rates (24% recyclables and 20% organics). The survey with experts confirms that these strategies are broadly applicable across different population groups. The proposed scenarios contribute to the policy instruments implementation to reduce MSW generation and promote recycling, enabling decision-makers to select effective strategies for MSW management plans and supporting future studies in evaluating policy impacts through mathematical modeling.
Research on broadband vibration reduction performance of high-damping stainless steel fiberboard
Authors: Zhang Jiyang , Chen Kean , Xu Ying , Li Hao , Luo Jianfeng , Zhang Tingying , Ren Shuwei , Tian Fenghua , Wang Lei
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the application of stainless steel fiberboards (SFBs) for effective vibration reduction in the head section of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). SFBs offer a compelling combination of lightweight design, high static load capacity, and broad-band vibration reduction. To understand their effectiveness, we analyzed the mechanisms behind SFBs’ superior compressive strength and high-damping properties. Furthermore, a finite element model (FEM) of the AUV head section was created using COMSOL software. The model’s accuracy was validated by comparing simulation results with experimental data. This validated model was then employed to calculate the energy consumption of the bearing plate within the AUV’s head section, providing valuable insights for optimizing SFB design for specific vibration reduction applications. The results demonstrate that SFBs of various thicknesses exhibited higher energy consumption ratios compared to the aluminum plates. This finding reinforces the effectiveness of the SFB’s damping mechanism. Additionally, across the 0–6 kHz frequency range, SFBs significantly outperform the aluminum plates, achieving an average improvement of approximately 18 dB in vibration level difference (VLD). These results highlight the excellent vibration reduction performance of SFBs.
Auxetics: P-wave mode conversion at a solid-vacuum interface
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey V
Published: December 2024

An acoustic P-wave being reflected at the solid-vacuum interface, may exhibit mode conversion into reflected shear S-wave without the formation of reflected P-waves. This phenomenon takes place, when the incident P-wave hits the interface at some critical angle, which depends upon Poisson’s ratio. It is also known that for large Poisson’s ratio values no mode conversion exists. Herein, apparently for the first time, the mode conversion is studied for materials with negative Poisson’s ratio (auxetics), revealing that for any negative Poisson’s ratio (i) mode conversion exists; (ii) there are exactly two angles of incidence at which mode conversion occurs; and, (iii) vanishing Poisson’s ratio implies that mode conversion occurs at the oblique incidence of P-wave.
Acute renal failure during treatment with Zoledronate in cancer patients
Authors: Ben Kridis Wala , Amor Mariem Ben , Khanfir Afef
Published: December 2024

Background

Standard treatment for bone metastases is based on bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of acute renal failure during treatment with Zoledronate and to analyze its correlated factors.

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective study carried out at the medical oncology department of Habib Bourguiba University Hospital in Sfax, between January 2022 and March 2022. The creatinine dosage was carried out using the Jaffe-type colorimetric method. Acute renal failure was defined by the Kidney disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria.

Results

48 patients were included. The average age was 56.9 ± 10.7 years with a sex ratio (M/F) equal to 0.5. The average weight of the patients was equal to 68.5 ± 16.4 kg. 62.5% of patients were followed for breast cancer, 12.5% had lung cancer and 12.5% had prostate adenocarcinoma. The mean serum creatinine before the start of treatment was equal to 74.3 ± 34.3 µmol/l 50.84 ± 0.11 mg/dl). The mean pre-therapeutic clearance was 94.1 ± 40.2 ml/min with 4 cases of moderate renal impairment (8.3%). Acute renal failure according to KDIGO during treatment with Zoledronic acid was observed in 9 cases (18.8%), thus requiring a dose reduction. Acute renal failure was significantly associated initial clearance <60 ml/min and low weight of 53.44 kg (p = 0.003 and p = 0.01 respectively), in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

Our study concluded that factors associated with acute renal failure were low weight and clearance less than 60 ml/min.
A Unique Case of Cystic Partially Differentiated Nephroblastoma Associated With Botryoid Intralobar Nephrogenic Rests
Authors: Puchertova Magdalena , Rychly Boris , Kolenova Alexandra , Vujanić Gordan M.
Published: December 2024

Cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN) is a rare pediatric renal tumor composed of multiple cystic spaces divided by septa containing immature nephrogenic elements. The presence of expansile solid areas in the septa of such a lesion indicates an alternative diagnosis of Wilms tumor (WT). We present a unique case of CPDN associated with grossly visible polypoid proliferations, which histologically correspond to botryoid growth of intralobar nephrogenic rests. Correct pathological diagnosis of CPDN and its differentiation from cystic WT can be challenging, but is critical, because of the distinct treatment approaches and prognoses of these entities, since CPDN is a low-risk tumor not requiring further postoperative therapy.
Act Like a Woman, Play Like a Man: Manhood Acts and the Gendered and Racialized Organization of Online Professional Streamers
Authors: Kasimov Andrey
Published: December 2024

Professional gaming is a billion-dollar industry with some earning incomes comparable to those of popular athletes and entertainers. The rapid rise of professional gaming owes its success to the advent of Twitch.tv, a video streaming platform that enables streamers to broadcast a live feed of their gameplay while interacting with fans. While white men have mostly dominated this arena, white women and people of color are beginning to rise in the ranks of professional streaming. In this article, we examine how online platforms like Twitch represent a new type of workplace that is organized around geek masculinity and manhood acts, establishing and perpetuating hierarchies of masculine dominance and white privilege. Analyzing interaction patterns of streamers and their viewers via publicly available text and video data, we find that men streamers and their audiences create a hostile work environment for white women and people of color online in three ways. First, gendered communication patterns of streamers uphold the gender hierarchy. Second, communication patterns of the audience rely on racialized manhood acts that put women in their “place” and perpetuate white supremacy through racialized stereotypes. Finally, manhood acts based on sexual harassment towards women, including racial epithets, signal male dominance and the dominance of white culture. These virtual manhood acts perpetuate an organizational structure of sexism and racism that establishes a hierarchical workplace, placing white men “geeks” at the top and reinforcing gender and racial inequalities in the workplace.
Oculofacial plastic surgery in the cancer patient: A narrative review
Authors: Clabeaux Carson E. , Rana Harkaran S. , Patadia Amol H. , Dertinger Jake E. , Germann Colby , Allen Richard C.
Published: December 2024

With the advances in systemic therapy and radiotherapy, the life expectancy of patients battling cancer has increased. The oculofacial plastic surgeon should be aware of the potential impacts a patient in remission or one being actively treated may pose. The goal of this review is to discuss the considerations a surgeon should have in this patient population.

Methods

The authors performed a computerized search using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. The search terms used were “chemotherapy AND surgery”, “immunotherapy AND surgery”, “radiotherapy AND surgery”, “nutrition AND surgery”, “(oculoplastic OR orbit OR eyelid OR lacrimal OR puncta) AND (chemotherapy OR immunotherapy OR radiotherapy)”, “(facial OR facial plastic OR oculoplastic) AND (chemotherapy OR immunotherapy OR radiotherapy)”, “(cancer OR malignancy) AND surgery”, “(cancer OR malignancy) AND (surgery OR surgical) complications”, “wound healing AND (cancer OR malignancy)”, “infection AND (cancer OR malignancy)”, “(bleeding OR blood loss) AND (cancer OR malignancy) AND surgery”, “(chemotherapy OR immunotherapy OR radiotherapy) AND wound healing”, “(chemotherapy OR immunotherapy OR radiotherapy) AND (bleeding OR blood loss)”, “(chemotherapy OR immunotherapy OR radiotherapy) AND infection”.

Results

A total of 89 articles, published from 1993 to 2023 in the English language or with English translations were included. Articles published earlier than 2000 were cited for foundational knowledge. References cited in the identified articles were also used to gather further data for the review.

Conclusions and Relevance

Patients who are being treated for cancer or are undergoing current treatment for cancer require special considerations. Systemic therapies and radiotherapy impact the physiology of patients and the integrity of tissue in ways that significantly impact surgical interventions. It is imperative for the oculofacial plastic surgeon to have a complete understanding on how a previous or current diagnosis of cancer can influence surgical outcomes.
Review: Clinical findings and genetic characterization of children affected with X-linked retinoschisis in the Spanish population
Authors: D’Anna Mardero Oriana , Arruti Vázquez Natalia , Coca Robinot Javier Francisco , Peralta Calvo Jesús , Montaño Victoria EF , Vallespín Elena , Noval Martín Susana
Published: December 2024

X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is an inherited retinal disorder due to mutations in retinoschisin 1, characterized by impaired central vision secondary to parafoveal cystic cavities and visual field loss by splitting through the retinal nerve fibre layer in the peripheral retina. It is the leading cause of juvenile macular degeneration in males, and currently there is no approved treatment but carbonic anhydrase inhibitors can be used. A retrospective review of the medical records of 17 children with confirmed XLRS seen in the Paediatric Ophthalmology Department of La Paz University Hospital from the 1st of January 2009 to the 1st of June of 2023 was conducted. Complete ophthalmological studies, genetic testing and full-field electroretinogram were performed. Topical brinzolamide was given to patients with foveoschisis, adding oral acetazolamide in those who did not improve with topical treatment alone or with very extensive foveoschisis at diagnosis. Surgical treatment was performed in retinal detahment (RD) or in no clearing hemovitreous cases. Mean age at diagnosis was 5,86 years and the most common reason for consultation was strabismus, followed by RD. The most frequently affected retinal later on Optic coherence tomography was the inner nuclear layer and throughout the follow-up we observed a decrease in central macular thickness. We found some genotype-phenotype correlation in our series and more severe phenotypes if the first amino acid of the protein is affected or in frameshift mutations. We found that medical treatment (topical and oral) improves foveoschisis, and that surgery shows poor outcomes, especially in younger patients.
Short-term outcomes of AVN CAGE implantation for early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Guo Shaoyi , Deng Wang , Xiao Wenzhou , Zhang Yunfeng , Yang Dejin , Zhou Yixin
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Considering the low survival rate for the numerous hip-preserving procedures developed for treating early-stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), this study aimed to evaluate short-term clinical outcomes following avascular necrosis (AVN) CAGE implantation.

Methods:

58 hips with early-stage ONFH (44 with Association Research Circulation Osseous [ARCO] stage 2 and 14 with stage 3A) treated with the AVN CAGE between August 2018 and December 2021 were included. The survival rates were analysed using radiographic progression and conversion to subsequent total hip arthroplasty (THA) as endpoints.

Results:

The mean follow-up period was 22.2 ± 8.2 months. 11 hips progressed to ARCO stage 3B/4, and 6 underwent THA. The estimated 2-year radiographic survival rates were 89.1% and 59.0% for patients with ARCO stages 2 and 3A, respectively. The estimated 2-year radiographic survival rates were 92.9% and 76.3% for Japanese Investigation Committee type B/C1 and C2, respectively. The overall estimated 2-year THA-free survival rate was 88.9%. Advanced disease stage and a large necrotic area were independent risk factors for radiographic progression.

Conclusions:

AVN CAGE combined with standard core decompression was a promising hip-preserving option for patients with no signs of collapse, small necrotic areas, or medially located necrotic locations.
Patterns and Correlates of Multiple tobacco Product use Among people With HIV in India
Authors: Nagawa Catherine S. , Selvamuthu Poongulali , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Balakrishnan Faith Beulah , Rigotti Nancy A. , Kruse Gina R.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Multiple tobacco product (MTP) use may intensify nicotine dependence and reduce the chances of quitting success. Characterizing MTP use in people with HIV (PWH) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is needed to guide cessation approaches in this group. This study aimed to identify patterns and correlates of MTP use among PWH in a single clinic. Methods: This study was conducted among PWH at a clinic in Chennai, India. Participants completed an in-person survey providing information on tobacco use, demographics, and cessation-related factors. This analysis focused on PWH who reported current tobacco use. We used Fisher’s exact test (categorical variables) and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (continuous variables) to assess statistical differences in demographics and cessation-related factors between PWH who used single vs multiple tobacco products. Results: Of 154 PWH adults surveyed, 58 (37.7%) reported current tobacco use. Most PWH currently using tobacco were male (n = 49/58, 84%), with a median age of 21 years (IQR: 10). Forty-six percent (n = 27/58; 95% CI: 33% - 60%) reported MTP use, combining three products (IQR: 3) on average. Those who used multiple products were more likely to have a higher education level (n = 12/27, 44%; 95% CI: 25% - 65%) compared to those who used a single product (n = 2/16, 12%; 95% CI: 1% - 38%) ( P-value = 0.03). A lower proportion of participants who reported MTP use were unemployed (n = 1/27, 97%; 95% CI: 0% - 19%) compared to those who used a single product (n = 5/16, 31%; 95% CI: 11% - 59%) ( P-value = 0.04). All other factors, including gender, primary language, marital status, and cessation-related factors, were comparable between PWH who used a single tobacco product and those who used multiple products. Conclusion: Among PWH who currently smoke, almost half use tobacco combined multiple products. MTP use in PWH was linked to higher education levels and employment in this single clinical setting.
Development of a gearbox test rig to evaluate the impact of oil formulations on churning and friction losses
Authors: Tomanik Eduardo , Getschko Nicola , Papoulias Gabriela , Lemos Bruno , Silva Jorge
Published: December 2024

From large industrial to small high-speed transmission for electric vehicles, there is a growing interest in reducing the power losses on gearboxes. Hydrodynamic losses are especially relevant on high-speed gearboxes. On electric cars, the gearbox lubricant also works as a cooling fluid for the motor, which brings new challenges as performance under an electrified environment, thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion protection etc. Most current test rigs use the torque difference between gearbox output and input to calculate the power losses. This work, uses the instantaneous deceleration on a small gearbox to obtain the no-load depending on power losses. Due to its simplicity, the proposed method has the potential to be applied to actual transmissions with very simple sensors and without the need for significant intervention on the actual equipment. The experimental results showed increased churning power losses with the immersion depth and oil viscosity. With the tested transmission oils, the churning losses showed to depend on rotational speed by a power of three, as predicted by the ISO model. The influence of oil viscosity was less evident. Reducing viscosity 2.5 times showed only around 25% reduction in the calculated churning losses. In opposition to the tested transmission oils, a low-viscosity oil with Friction Modifier additives reduced the power losses with the consecutive larger volumes of sump oil, such unexpected result can be explained by the beneficial effect of the oil FM additives.
Experimental investigation and mathematical modelling of dry sliding wear of nitinol reinforced aluminium matrix composite using machine learning
Authors: Mishra Shivam , Kumar Mukesh , Patnaik Amar
Published: December 2024

Dry sliding wear is a complex phenomenon, an understanding of which needs careful experimentation and observation of the wear event. The present study focuses on the dry sliding wear analysis of the nitinol particulate-reinforced Al5083 matrix composite fabricated using a vacuum-assisted stir casting route. Nitinol alloys have excellent mechanical, thermo-mechanic and tribological performance along with the unique feature of shape recovery and superelasticity in the austenitic phase. The effect of varying wear control parameters, load (5–20 N), sliding distance (0–3000), sliding speed (150–600 RPM), humidity (20% – 80%) and temperature (25–100°C) on the wear resistance of the fabricated composites were exhaustively examined. Steady-state, as well as Taguchi-based experimentation, were performed to investigate the wear phenomenon in the fabricated composite using a pin-on-disc tribometer. Modified Archard equation with power exponent was utilized to develop four new wear equations, which were both trained and tested using a machine learning algorithm. The results depict that among all four models, the DSW Model-4 has provided the best fit between the actual and the predicted wear volume with a coefficient of determination value of 0.9722. An infrared thermal imager was used to observe temperature variation during the wear test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a profilometer were used to carefully examine the worn surface.
Characteristics of rolling interface lubrication considering contact surface textures in mixed lubrication
Authors: Wang Qiaoyi , Zhang Lukuan , Zhang Zhen , Tao Ping
Published: December 2024

This study comprehensively utilizes the mixed lubrication theory and rolling deformation theory to establish a finite element stiffness contact model that considers the surface texture characteristics of the rolling interface. The dynamic explicit finite element analysis is used to obtain the deformed solid, and the turbulent equation is used to control the fluid boundary conditions. The bidirectional Fluid-Structure Interacton (FSI) ansysis is used to study the influence of surface roughness, surface textures, and rolling parameters such as rolling speed on the distribution of oil film pressure and contact characteristics during the rolling process. The results confirm that transverse texture reduces the friction coefficient and dynamic pressure by enhancing the trapping effect of rough peaks and facilitating the entrainment of the fluid film. Under the same textural conditions, the contact area decreases with increasing roughness while the friction coefficient increases. As the rolling speed increases, the rolling pressure decreases to a certain extent, and the contact area ratio will decrease; Lubricants with higher viscosity can effectively reduce the friction and rolling force at the rolling interface. We believe that the insights obtained from the numerical simulations provided in this reaserch will lay a theoretical foundation for subsequent research on plate shape control.