bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the Power of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Explore Potential Discordance between in vitro Dissolution, Local Gut vs Systemic Bioequivalence in Health and Disease: The Case of Budesonide in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Han Chunyan , Sun Tiancheng , Chirumamilla Sirikalyan , Bois Frederic , Xu Mandy , Rostami-Hodjegan Amin
Published: August 2023

The most common method for establishing bioequivalence (BE) is to demonstrate similarity of concentration-time profiles in the systemic circulation, as a surrogate to the site of action. However, the similarity, or otherwise, of profiles from two different formulation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) may not be associated with same conclusions based on systemic circulation. Here, we have explored the concordance of BE conclusions (or otherwise) for a set of hypothetical formulations based on drug concentration-profiles in various segments of gut vs those in systemic circulation using virtual trials powered by physiologically-based (PBPK) models. Moreover, by changing physiological and biological attributes of the GIT, the impact of Crohn’s Disease on the BE conclusions was explored. The virtual BE (VBE) was applied to an Entocort EC, a pH/time-dependent release formulation of budesonide, as model drug that is targeted at ileum and colon. Substantial “discordance” between the local and systemic outcomes of VBE was observed. Upper GIT segments were much more sensitive to formulation changes than systemic circulation, where the latter led to false conclusions for BE. The ileum and colon showed a lower frequency of discordance with systemic-derived VBE. Nonetheless, a higher f2 value than the default similarity standard (50) was required to achieve local BE. In the case of Crohn’s Disease, a product-specific f2 value might be needed for drugs such as Entocort EC to ensure local BE, knowing the insensitivity of systemic data to show lack of BE. The results, being limited to the single model drug product, Entocort EC, may not provide a a general and conclusive picture. However, for the first time, it demonstrated the potential discordances between the local gut vs systemic BE.
Numerical Simulation of Three-Dimensional Free Surface Flows using the K-BKZ-PSM Integral Constitutive Equation
Authors: Bertoco Juliana , Castelo Antônio , Ferrás Luis Lima , Fernandes Célio B. P.
Published: August 2023

This work introduces a novel numerical method designed to address three-dimensional unsteady free surface flows incorporating integral viscoelastic constitutive equations, specifically, the K-BKZ-PSM (Kaye–Bernstein, Kearsley, Zapas - Papanastasiou, Scriven, Macosko) model. The new proposed methodology employs a second-order finite difference approach along with the deformation fields method to solve the integral constitutive equation, and the marker-particle method (known as \emph{Marker-and-Cell}) to accurately capture the evolution of the fluid's free surface. The newly developed numerical method has proven its effectiveness in handling complex fluid flow scenarios, including confined flows and extrudate swell simulations of Boger fluids. Furthermore, a new semi-analytical solution for velocity and stress fields is derived, considering fully developed flows of a K-BKZ-PSM fluid in a pipe.
Nonlocal Soft Plasmonics in Planar Homogeneous Multilayers
Authors: Ramesh Narayan Preethi , David Christin
Published: August 2023

Plasmonics is the study of resonant oscillations of free electrons in metals caused by incident electromagnetic radiation. Surface plasmons can focus and steer light on the subwavelength scale. Apart from metals, plasmonic phenomena can be observed in soft matter systems such as electrolytes where resonant charge oscillations can be induced for ions in solution. Due to their larger mass, they are plasmon-active in a lower frequency regime and on a larger wavelength scale. Spatial confinement allows increasingly strong charge interactions and gives rise to nonlocality or spatial dispersion effects. These effects manifest as additional longitudinal propagation modes and are known to cause plasmonic broadening and resonance shifts in metal nanostructures. We derive and discuss the nonlocal optical response of ionic plasmons using a hydrodynamic, two-fluid model in a planar homogeneous three-layer system with electrolyte-dielectric interfaces. Studying such systems enables us to identify and understand plasmonic phenomena in biological and chemical systems.
A New Lighting System for Surgical Vision Optimization in Barbed Pharyngoplasty for OSA
Authors: Sabatino Lorenzo , Moffa Antonio , Iafrati Francesco , Di Giovanni Simone , De Benedetto Luigi , Giorgi Lucrezia , Baptista Peter , Vicini Claudio , De Vito Andrea , Casale Manuele
Published: August 2023

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) surgery is now a viable solution in selected patients and the “remodelling” palatopharyngeal surgery is the most common one. Recently it becomes less in-vasive with the introduction of Barbed Sutures (BS). An optimization of surgical technique is represented by Barbed pharyngoplasty (BP), that requires surgical precision and needs efficient and precise oropharyngeal visualization. Consequently, the lighting system is of pivotal im-portance in BP. The aim of this work is to describe the first experience on the use of a new light-ing system, called KlaroTM in BP for OSA. We evaluated the Klaro™ system in 15 consecutives BP for OSA in comparison with conventional headlamp illumination. The visualization of pala-topharyngeal muscle in the bottom of the tonsillar fossa, entry and exit needle, such as needle tip were statistically better with KlaroTM than headlamp illumination both for surgeon and resi-dent (p<0.05). No significant differences for the visualization of the posterior pharyngeal wall and uvula were reported. The KlaroTM lighting system allows a satisfied illumination of oral cavity and oropharynx in the majority of cases. We encourage to use of KlaroTM not only in BP for OSA, but also in all oral and pharyngeal surgeries, including tonsillectomy and oncological surgery.
Robust Sales Forecasting Using Deep Learning with Static and Dynamic Covariates
Authors: Ramos Patrícia , Oliveira José Manuel
Published: August 2023

Retailers must have accurate sales forecasts to operate their businesses efficiently and effectively and to remain competitive in the marketplace. Global forecasting models like RNNs can be a powerful tool for forecasting in retail settings, where multiple time series are often interrelated and influenced by a variety of external factors. By including covariates in a forecasting model, we can better capture the various factors that can influence sales in a retail setting. This can help improve the accuracy of our forecasts and enable better decision-making for inventory management, purchasing, and other operational decisions. In this study we investigate how the accuracy of global forecasting models is affected by the inclusion of different potential demand covariates. To ensure the significance of the study's findings, we used the M5 forecasting competition's openly accessible and well-established dataset. The results obtained from the DeepAR models, which were trained on various combinations of features including time, price, events, and IDs, suggest that individually only the features corresponding to IDs improve the baseline model. However, when all the features are used together, the best performance is achieved, indicating that the individual relevance of each feature is emphasized when the information is given jointly. Comparing the model with features to the model without features, there is an improvement of 1.76\% for MRMSSE and 6.47\% for MMASE.
Methodology for Assessing the Applicability of CSR into Supplier´s Management Systems
Authors: Kóča Ferdinand , Pačaiová Hana , Turisová Renata , Sütőová Andrea , Darvaši And Peter
Published: August 2023

The implementation of management systems has become a strategic advantage in achieving business goals, especially in industrial organizations, but the implementation of social responsibility requirements is especially ethical. Large multinational companies have long been developing and, in particular, implementing their own codes of conduct, which include their suppliers, to demonstrate their commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The compliance with CSR requirements from stakeholders is thus extended or intertwined with requirements in established management systems (MSs). The objectives of the study were to (1) analyze the different approaches to CSR in internationally recognized cross-industry and industry-specific standards and codes in different industries; (2) select the most appropriate framework for assessing the degree of applicability of CSR in the selected management systems and develop a methodology for its assessment; (3) apply the proposed methodology (referred to as SRIMS) in the selected areas: automotive industry, research organization, and metallurgical industry; (4) through ANOVA, validate its use for assessing the overall level of CSR applicability in an organization's established management systems. The application of the Bonferroni method confirmed the hypotheses that the developed SRIMS model is a sufficiently appropriate tool for assessing the overall level of applicability of CSR requirements to established MSs.
Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Development of Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bedeković Dražen , Bošnjak Ivica , Kirner Damir , Novak Srđan
Published: August 2023

Uncontrolled chronic inflammation results in cardiovascular disease and early death. In this review, we studied the impact of rheumatoid arthritis on the cardiovascular system, including the early and accelerated development of atherosclerosis, and its clinical manifestations, focusing on the inflammatory mechanisms leading to arterial wall damage, rapid atherosclerotic plaque formation, and thrombosis. Furthermore, the influence of medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis on the cardiovascular system. The influence of chronic inflammation and medicaments on traditional cardiovascular risk factors is not the main subject of this review. We found that uncontrolled chronic inflammation and some medications directly impact all stages of atherosclerosis. In conclusion, reducing inflammation and maintaining long-term remission in rheumatoid arthritis may pre-vent early atherosclerosis. We believe that this review will encourage a better interdisciplinary approach for these patients and further research in this field.
Health Access, Health Promotion and Health Self-Management: Barriers When Building Comprehensive Ageing Communities
Authors: Pérez-Saiz Leticia , Ferri Mireia , Ferrando Maite , Salido Mirian Fernández , Alhambra-Borrás Tamara , Ferrer Jorge Garcés , Dix Rachael
Published: August 2023

A new intervention model for promoting healthy ageing grounded on integrated value-based care was developed and tested in the city of Valencia (Spain). Its implementation raised relevant barriers for older adults in their access to health, health promotion, and health self-management linked with their health and digital literacy. This new intervention model included several aspects. On the one hand, researchers together with older adults and their informal caregivers participating in the study, designed personalised care plans, based on older adults’ specific needs, to be implemented with the support of a digital solution. On the other hand, researchers and health and social professionals implemented a series of six workshops in different locations of the city to encourage the sense of community among participants, reinforcing their trust in the new care model and increasing their adherence. Social activities were at the core of the workshops to understand older people’s interaction with the health and social services provided in the neighbourhood. Qualitative and quantitative methods were combined to extract information from older participants on how to engage them as active actors of their own health and understanding their values and preferences. Qualitative results show that after a post-pandemic situation, they were more concerned about social isolation and desired face-to-face contact with their professional care team; however, feelings of loneliness and/or sadness were not considered amongst the reasons to visit health professionals. Some of the conclusions reveal that the use of technology as a supportive tool is well received but with a stress on its role as “supportive”, and not replacing the close contact with healthcare professionals. Professionals recognised the benefits of this new approach but required more time and incentives to dedicate the effort needed.
How Can Radiomics Help the Clinical Management of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke?
Authors: Porto-Álvarez Jacobo , Martínez Antonio Mosqueira , Martínez Fernández Javier , Sanmartín López Marta , Blanco-Ulla Miguel , Vazquez-Herrero Fernando , Pumar José M , Rodríguez-Yáñez Manuel , Minguillón Pereiro Anxo M , Bolón Villaverde Alberto , Iglesias Rey Ramón , Souto-Bayarri Miguel
Published: August 2023

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the loss of neurological function due to a sudden reduction in cerebral blood flow and is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. In recent years, the field of radiological imaging has experienced an explosion that may reach unprecedented heights with the advent of artificial intelligence. One of the latest innovations in artificial intelligence is radiomics, which is based on the fact that a large amount of quantitative data can be extracted from radiological images, from which patterns can be identified and associated with specific pathologies. Since its inception, radiomics has been particularly associated with the field of oncology, with promising results in a wide range of clinical situations. The performance of radiomics in non-tumour pathologies has been increasingly explored in recent years and the results continue to be promising. The aim of this review is to explore the potential applications of radiomics in AIS patients and to theorise how radiomics may change the paradigm for these patients in the coming years.
In Vivo Gene Editing: A Healthcare Revolution in the Making
Authors: Niazi Sarfaraz K.
Published: August 2023

Gene or genome editing (GE) revises, removes, or replaces a mutated gene at the DNA level; it is a tool. Gene therapy (GT) offsets mutations by introducing a "normal" version of the gene into the body while the diseased gene remains in the genome; it is a medicine. So far, no in vivo GE product has been approved, as opposed to 22 GT products approved by the FDA. However, several are under development, and the FDA anticipates their fast entry, as evidenced by the FDA's actions of issuing GE-specific guidelines. The potential of GE in treating diseases far supersedes any other modality due to the recognized role of genes in most human diseases. While GT products add missing genes, GE tools can overcome many aberrations. However, GE presents many safety challenges, including off-target impact, delivery consistency, and long-term effects of gene-fixing. However, most of these concerns will be resolved once the FDA begins approving them, leading to hundreds of products capable of treating untreatable diseases.
Evaluation of Website Based Information System To Monitor Student Learning Progress In Schools Using ISO/IEC 9126 Standards And GTMetrix
Authors: Mahadika Dhaniaffa Adhimastama , Aristyagama Yusfia Hafid , Budiyanto Cucuk Wawan
Published: August 2023

This study aims to evaluate website based information systems that have been developed previously using ISO/IEC 9126 Standards and GTMetrix. Testing of website based information systems using ISO/IEC 9126 is carried out by  information system expert,  users, and testing using GTMetrix, the user referred to in the test these are administrators, teachers, and student parents. Testing of information system experts takes four measures of quality including functionality, reliability, usability, and portability, while testing on users takes three measures including functionality, usability, and portability, and testing using GTMetrix takes a measure of quality efficiency and serves to assess the performance of the website-based information system developed. The results obtained from the  evaluation were testing of  information system expert getting a score of 91.17%, administrator user getting a score of 95.11%, teacher user getting a score of 91.35%, student parents getting a score of 83.4%, and testing using  GTMetrix getting a score of 86.13% or Grade B. Based on the results of the evaluation using ISO/IEC 9126, it was found that the testing using  ISO/IEC 9126 for the tested website-based information system has been meet the expectations of users, especially parents and the school.
Análisis regional de la discriminación salarial de los trabajadores indígenas en México
Authors: De la Luz Tovar Christian , Pineda Salazar Sibyl Italia
Published: August 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación es estimar y descomponer la brecha salarial entre trabajadores indígenas y no indígenas por regiones en México, para examinar si existen diferencias regionales en la desigualdad salarial que a priori afecta a la población indígena y si estas, se atribuyen al perfil laboral de este grupo de trabajadores o a una discriminación laboral sistemática en su contra. Utilizando los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingreso y Gasto de los Hogares de 2018 (ENIGH-N) y la descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder (1973), se encontró que, en todas las regiones del país, los trabajadores indígenas enfrentan una brecha salarial. Pero, esta es más pronunciada en el centro y sur, en donde, en promedio, el componente asociado a la discriminación laboral tiene un peso mayor al 56%. En cambio, en el centro-norte y norte de México, el promedio del componente residual es menor 33%, lo que sugiere que la brecha salarial se explica por las diferencias grupales en la productividad.
Studi Penerapan Sky Garden pada Rumah Susun Jatinegara Barat
Authors: Hakim Hakim , Endangsih Tri
Published: August 2023

Pertambahan penduduk, kemajuan teknologi, dan tren lanjutan menuju migrasi dalam kota melalui kemajuan ekonomi telah mengubah ruang kota tradisional menjadi kota objek modern yang bertingkat tinggi. Hal ini memerlukan solusi spasial dan teknologi alternatif untuk mengisi kembali lingkungan yang dulunya sangat intrinsik untuk warga berinteraksi. Penelitian ini mempertimbangkan sky court dan sky garden dalam hal sosial, manfaat ekonomi, lingkungan dan spasial yang mereka berikan ke habitat perkotaan. Penelitian ini memiliki berpotensi menjadi ruang sosial ‘alternatif’ yang dapat menjadi bagian dari infrastruktur ruang terbuka multi-level yang lebih luas mengisi hilangnya ruang terbuka dalam habitat perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman warga terhadap pentingnya tanaman untuk meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan tempat tinggalnya. metode deskriptif kuantitatif untuk dapat mendeskripsikan gambaran dari situasi atau kejadian yang sedang berlangsung secara alami. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sky garden menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk menghijauan lingkungan permukiman. Sky garden dengan tipycal type dengan posisi one edge, terpilih sebagai pilihan utama warga karena mereka merasa lebih familiar       dalam perawatannya
Perceptions of Racial and Gender Microaggressions in an Academic Orthopaedic Department
Authors: Carino Mason Marisa R. , Pandya Shivani , Joshi Priyashma , Cai Nathan , Murdock Christopher J. , Hui-Chou Helen G.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Orthopaedic surgery consistently ranks last among all medical specialties in diversity and inclusion. While active efforts have recently been implemented to enact change, no study to date has explored the potential effects that social microaggressions have on an individual's career in orthopaedic surgery. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the perceived experiences of gender and race-based microaggressions on orthopaedic surgery residents, fellows, and attendings in their decision to pursue a career in orthopaedic surgery.

Methods:

A 34-question institutional review board–approved, modified version of the validated Racial and Ethnic Minorities Scale and Daily Life Experiences survey was sent to a total of 84 individuals at the University of Miami (UM) Department of Orthopaedics. Responses were anonymously collected from current UM orthopaedic residents, fellows, and attendings. Survey results were analyzed for the prevalence of microaggressions in the context of sex, race, ethnicity, academic goals, daily scenarios, and department support. p-Values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:

Fifty-four of 84 respondents (64%) completed the survey. Female respondents experienced significantly more gender-based microaggressions than male respondents. On average, male participants disagreed that their experiences with microaggressions made them doubt their ability to pursue a career in orthopaedic surgery while female participants responded they were neutral. In comparison with their White counterparts, non-White and Hispanic ethnicity participants demonstrated a statistically significantly greater frequency of race and ethnicity-based microaggressions.

Conclusion:

Our study demonstrates that female participants, non-White participants, and Hispanic minorities across all levels of training experience a higher frequency of microaggressions. The impact of these experiences on career decisions and goals for women and persons of color in orthopaedic surgery at this single institution is mixed. Experienced microaggressions should be further investigated as a potential barrier to recruitment and retention of under-represented minorities in orthopaedic surgery.

Level of Evidence:

III
Production Process of Steam Power Plant and Calculation of Thermal Efficiency: Case Study of Teluk Sirih Steam Power Plant
Authors: Pratiwi Putri , Hadi Zakil
Published: August 2023

The performance of a power plant can be known from the calculation of efficiency in the generating sector. Steam power plants utilize a series of energy conversion processes including: conversion of chemical energy into thermal energy when extracting heat from coal as fuel to heat boilers, conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy in turbines and conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy in generators. Like other steam power plants, the Teluk Sirih PLTU located in Bungus Teluk Kabung, West Sumatra has the same energy production process. it's just that the source of the water is taken from the sea so it requires special treatment to turn the water into water suitable for producing steam used in this power plant. The electricity production process will be explained in this study and an efficiency calculation process with a simple Rankine cycle is carried out to determine the efficiency of this power plant. From the calculation results, the thermal efficiency of PLTU Teluk Sirih is 29%. Based on the results of these calculations, it is known that the Telusk Sirih PLTU can be classified as a power plant with good efficiency.
Manufacturing System Design of a CNC Laser Engraver
Authors: Anrinal  , Putra Irfan Mandala , Viola Risky Oudio
Published: August 2023

This study aims to design manufacturing system of a CNC Laser Engraver Machine. The design starts from the laser module unit as input at the design stage of the 3-Axis CNC Machine to drive the laser. There are several important components in the production process of the CNC Laser Engraver machine, such as the Box Controller, the Laser Engraver Module unit, the Z-Axis unit, the X-Axis unit, and the Y-Axis unit. Bill of Material (BOM) design is very important to ensure the quantity and specification of materials, and the production of CNC Laser Engraver machines uses various types of production processes and ends with the assembly process. This CNC Laser Engraver machine was completed within 35 working hours, with a cost of Rp. 10,080,000,-.
Design Development of Rice Transplanter with Quality Function Deployment Method
Authors: Saferi Rozi , Yanto Asmara , Bintarnel Anton
Published: August 2023

Today's agricultural development is inseparable from the development of agricultural tools and machinery technology. The application of this technology can be in the form of mechanization technology for rice cultivation using a rice transplanter. With the technology that helps them, it is hoped that agricultural productivity in Indonesia will increase from year to year and the farmers who are generally elderly can work more easily in managing their fields. The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the level of consumer needs related to rice transplanter, determine the technical characteristics of rice transplanter based on consumer preferences, and develop a House of Quality (HOQ) to determine the dominant design requirements and the priority technical characteristics of the equipment. Based on the House of Quality (HoQ) diagram, the best priority in improving the quality of products for making rice transplanter is an easy-to-use tool with a value of 138 with an average of 4.60. On the other hand, farmers also need a tool that can speed up rice planting on the condition that it is easy to use, because the suitability and convenience of rice farmers is a top priority. Furthermore, the design of the tool with a price that is not too expensive has a weight of 136 with an average of 4.53. This also shows that the price component is a priority for farmers to choose a rice transplanter.
Effect of 70o and 85o Electrode Angles on Reverse Welding Techniques On Fusion Depth
Authors: Hafni Hafni , Rifqi Rifqi
Published: August 2023

Shielded Metal Arc Welding is a liquid welding process (fusion welding) that produces heat from an electric arc between the electrode and the workpiece. The depth of fusion formed is determined by the heat input, the electrode angle and the welding direction. The research was conducted in the Mechanical Engineering laboratory of the Padang Institute of Technology. The test material used is low carbon steel 10 mm thick, 100 mm long and 100 mm wide. Welding is carried out on the surface of the work material as many as 4 welding lines, each of which has a distance of 20 mm. Weld length 100 mm. The specifications of the AWS E 6013 electrode are 3.2 mm in diameter. AC SMAW welding machine with a voltage of 30 Volts. Welding is carried out according to the working drawings, the welding current is 85 Ampere, the electrode angles are 700 and 850, the weld length is 100 mm and the welding direction is reversed (the electrode attracts welding fluid). From the welding, the welding speed is 2.51 mm/s for the 700 electrode angle and 2.48 mm/s for the 850 electrode angle. The heat input for each electrode angle is 1024.09 J/mm. at the 700 electrode angle has a penetration presentation of 10.85%, 1.14% greater than the 850 electrode angle. This shows that the electrode angle affects the penetration depth and weld width.
Measurement of the sound absorption coefficient of palm frond fiber composites with synthetic adhesives
Authors: Pratiwi Putri , Rahman Abdul , Yanto Asmara
Published: August 2023

Natural fiber composite materials have been widely applied for various purposes, one of which is reducing noise. Many efforts have been tried to reduce noise by using sound absorbing materials such as glasswool, rockwool, and gypsum as sound absorbers, but because of the high price and bad impact on health, many studies have been conducted to find materials that are practical, cheap, and abundant availability in nature, one of which is natural fiber as an alternative to commercial sound absorbing materials. In this study, we want to know the effect of the composition of palm fronds with polyester resin can affect the sound absorption of a material and the effect of composition on sound absorption. The composition of palm frond fiber and polyester resin was varied 60%:40%, 65%:35%, 70%:30%, 75%:25%, 80%:20%, 85%:15%, 90%:10%, arranged randomly with a length of 5 mm. The specimen synthesis process starts with cutting the palm fronds, decomposing the palm frond fibers so that the fibers are separated from the flesh. Acoustic testing was conducted using a single microphone impedance tube. The test results showed that the largest absorption coefficient value is 0.984 at a frequency of 1500 Hz and is obtained in materials with a composition of 70%: 30%, and for the largest acoustic impendance value is 1.714 which is found at a frequency of 500 Hz and is obtained in the composition of 85%: 15%.
Evaluation and Design Development of Rice Milling Machine
Authors: Saferi Rozi , Yanto Asmara , Putra Zhafran Zuhairi Yodi
Published: August 2023

This study aims to identify and determine the level of consumer needs related to rice milling machine and, to develop a House of Quality (HOQ) to determine the dominant design requirements and the priority technical characteristics of the tool. The benefit of this research is to facilitate the design development so that it can continue to provide improvements to the quality of the rice grinder so that the quality of the rice produced can be maintained. The research method used is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method by conducting a survey to the field which aims to determine the level of consumer needs by distributing questionnaires and seeking information about what farmers need to make the farmer's work easier. Questionnaires were distributed to the community, most of whom work as farmers and workers in rice mills. The research location is in Pariaman Regency and Padang City. The results of this study are the highest priority scale from the aspect of consumer needs, namely fast work with a weight value (3.63) and from the technical response aspect, namely energy needs with a weight value (36.15). Based on the House of quality analysis, design development is focused on improving performance and optimizing energy sources using solar energy.
The Effect of Camshaft Racing on Matic Motorcycle Performance
Authors: Marfizal  , Wardianto Dedi , Jalis Aliska
Published: August 2023

The research conducted in this paper is related to the Effect of Camshaft Racing on Motor Matic Performance. For Performance Testing such as power, torque, engine speed, acceleration at engine speed of 6000 to 9000 rpm. Performance testing using a dyno test tool type Super Dyno 50L. The results of this test are used to compare the performance of an automatic motorcycle using a standard camshaft (STD) and a Racing camshaft (BRT). From this study it was found that the performance for the Racing camshaft (BRT) increased compared to the standard camshaft performance (STD), the acceleration value was 6.2% to 4.5%, speed 1.0% to 0.6%, power 9.0% to 4.5%. 16.2%, torque 6.1% to 2.9%. In general, it can be said that  camshaft Racing (BRT) has better performance.
Performance Testing of The CNC Laser Engraver Machine on Plywood Media
Authors: Anrinal  , Fadherizal Muhammad , Yanto Asmara
Published: August 2023

This work aims to test and analyze the performance of the CNC Laser Engraver Machine on plywood media by using the grbl settings. The engraving process was conducted by using three filling methods in the grbl setting, i.e., reversed diagonal filling, horizontal filling and no filling. In the reversed diagonal filling method is tested a gears image input, in the horizontal filling method is tested a rumah gadang image input and in the no-filling method is tested a piston image input. The machine performance was assessed by comparing the CAD-based images input with the engraved images output that are carved on plywood media by a laser speed setting of 1000 mm/min, a laser power scale of 60% and a distance of laser from the media of 5 cm. From this assessment it can be concluded that the CNC Laser Engraver Machine is capable to create the shape and size of the images output that is the same as the shape and size of the images input. Here, the images size is obtained by a vernier caliper that has an accuracy of 0.05 mm.
Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell/Alumina/Epoxy Composites as Motorcycle Brake Pad Material
Authors: Perdana Mastariyanto , Eru Putra Meiki , Akmal Akmal , Putra Hengki , Al Ikram Murfid , Meidianda Ardhy
Published: August 2023

Brake pads are one of the components of a motor vehicle that functions to slow down or stop the vehicle's motion. In the concept of braking, one inevitable factor is wear and tear. Wear and tear occur when two objects press against each other and create friction. Composite material is an alternative substance that can be used to replace asbestos brake pads. In this research, shell of palm oil, alumina (Al2O3) powder and epoxy was used for material of brake pad. Type of brake pads was made in this study is brake pads used for motorcycle disc brakes. Addition of volume fraction of alumina powder to 6% in composite material. The aims this study was determine the characterization of brake pad based on composite materials with addition of alumina powder in composite material. This study showed that there was increase of physical and mechanical properties with the addition of alumina powder in composites up 6% by volume fraction.
Association of Heart Rate with Global Left Ventricular Longitudinal Strain and Left Atrium Structural and Functional Changes in Hypertensive Patients with Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (A Speckle Tracking Study)
Authors: Emre Ender , Özderya Ahmet , Hancı Kaan , Turan Turhan , Tezen Ozan , Kalaycıoğlu Ezgi , Çetin Mustafa
Published: August 2023

Background: The structure and functions of the left heart cavities have important prognostic value in heart diseases and heart rate control is among the important treatment goals.
Objectives: In this study, we investigated the effects of heart rate on left heart structure and functions in hypertension patients with normal left ventricular systolic function.
Methods: This is a single-center, prospective, observational (case-control) study. One hundred fifty-three patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to their heart rate (70 beats/min and below and above 70 beats/min). Left ventricular and atrial strain analyses were performed in echocardiographic evaluation.
Results: Patients with a resting heart rate of 70 beats/min or less were named group-1(64.2±19), patients with a resting heart rate above 70 beats/min were named group-2(79.1±6.8). Left atrial maximum volüm (60.8±15.5 ml vs. 52.9±16.3 ml p:0.007), left atrial minimum volüm(28.8±9.5 vs. 22.6±7.9 p<0.001), left atrial emptying fraction (52.8±8.5% vs 56.1±8.5% p:0.035), left atrial expansion index (1.19±0.44 vs 1.36±0.47 p:0.044), pLASRcd(-1.3±0.38 vs -1.5±0.61 p:0.031), GLS(-19.3±3 vs. -18.2±2.7 p:0.07) showed difference between group-1 and group-2, respectively. In the multivariable regression analysis, beta-bloker(OR:0.291, 95% CI 0.105-0.810, p:0.018), mean high diastolic blood pressure(OR:1.054, 95% CI 1.009-1.101, p:0.018), left atrial minimum volüme (OR:0.870, 95% Cl 0.809-0.938, p<0.001), S’ (OR:10.6, 95% CI 1.1-104, p:0.041), left atrial expansion index(OR:0.870, 95% CI 0.809-0.930, p<0.033) were determined as independent predictors of high resting heart rate.
Conclusions: Heart rate control emerges as an important goal in patients with hypertension and preserved left ventricular systolic function. Mortality and morbidity can also be improved by the positive effect of heart rate control on GLS.
Substrate pulses as a selection factor for clades of marine Thaumarchaeota
Authors: Hollibaugh James , Damashek Julian , Ducklow Hugh , Popp Brian , Wallsgrove Natalie
Published: August 2023

Oxidation rates of N supplied as ammonium (AO) or urea (UO) by Thaumarchaeota-dominated nitrifying communities in samples of aerobic waters from continental shelf and slope waters of the Southern Ocean west of the Antarctic Peninsula were inhibited by substrate amendments in the low nM range. We found that the response varied consistently by water mass. Rates increased moderately (up to 2-fold) with 44 or 440 vs 6 nM NH4+ amendments to samples from the Winter Water (sampled at 70-80 m), but decreased (down to 7%) in samples from the Circumpolar Deep Water (400-600 m). AO rates decreased more than UO rates. Cell-specific AO rates were lower in CDW samples than in WW samples and chemoautotrophic carbon fixation was also inhibited by NH4+ amendments. We identified similar responses to substrate amendments in data collected elsewhere by others, indicating that inhibition of AO, and to a lesser extent UO, by substrate pulses may be a general phenomenon. Current estimates of nitrification in the epipelagic zone may be ~2-fold greater than in situ, while estimates for the mesopelagic may be ~25% of in situ. Our data suggest that differential adaptation to fluctuating resources may be the basis for the divergence of epipelagic and mesopelagic Thaumarchaeota ecotypes.
Critical Determinants of Delivery Care Services and Socio-economic Factors for Reducing Maternal Mortality in Tanzania.
Authors: Ntemi Petro T
Published: August 2023

Objective:This study examined critical determinants of delivery care services and socio-economic factors in health facilities to reduce MMR in the Tanzanian context.
Methods: The study used 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey as well as the 2012 Tanzania Population and Housing Census data. SPSS software version 25 was used to generate multiple linear regression model between the dependent variable and their respective independent variables.
Results: The study shows MMR was significantly positively related to percentage of women who were assisted by nurses and midwife during delivery, who deliver by caesarean section decided after onset of labor pains and those who complete just primary education, while MMR was negatively related to percentage of women exposed to family planning through doctor or nurse and regional GDP per capita.
Conclusions: The conclusion was that MMR was significantly positively related to the percentage of women who are assisted by nurses and midwives during delivery, who delivered by caesarean section decided after the onset of labor pain and those who complete just primary education, while MMR was significantly negatively related to the percentage of women exposed to family planning through doctors or nurses and regional GDP per capita.
Flexible Circumferential Bioelectronics to Enable 360-degree Recording and Stimulation of the Spinal Cord
Authors: Barone Damiano G. , Woodington Ben , Lei Jiang , Carnicer-Lombarte Alejandro , Güemes Amparo , Naegele Tobias , Hilton Sam , El-Hadwe Salim , Trivedi Rikin , Malliaras George
Published: August 2023

The spinal cord, as an extension of the central nervous system, is one of the most important entities in the body, notably carrying motor information from the brain to the peripheral systems and sensory information from the periphery into the brain. Injuries to the spinal cord can lead to catastrophic effects, including paralysis, pain and autonomic dysfunction.
In this work, we explored the use of thin-film, flexible electronics to circumferentially interface with the spinal cord, leading to a new paradigm of recording and stimulating the dorsal, lateral, and ventral tracts simultaneously using one single device. We validated the capability of the device by recording and stimulating multiple motor and sensory signals around the spinal cord in anaesthetized rats and developed a proof-of-concept closed-loop system to bridge an acute complete spinal cord injury in anaesthetized rodents using dual circumferential devices. We then showed the safety of the device at different time points in freely moving rodents. Finally, we demonstrated that a device of this type could be translated to a human scale using a human cadaver model. This device represents a step change in what is possible to achieve with bioelectronic interfaces in anatomically hard-to-reach areas, unlocking the full potential of the spinal cord. Unlike previous attempts of probing the spinal cord circumferentially, this method sees a clear route to the clinic by using materials and surgical practices that reduce risk during implantation and not affect the integrity of the cord.
Association of chronic pain with suicide attempt and death by suicide: A two-sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Orri Massimiliano , Balit Jude , Erlangsen Annette , Docherty Anna , Turecki Gustavo
Published: August 2023

Prior studies have suggested an association between chronic pain and suicidal behavior. However, evidence supporting the causal nature of this association, and the role played by depression, remain difficult to establish due to confounding. We investigated associations of chronic pain with suicide attempt and death by suicide as well as the mediating role of depression in this association using a genetically informed method strengthening causal inference. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization. Independent SNPs (N=97) from the Multisite Chronic Pain GWAS (NGWAS=387,649) were used as instrumental variables to test associations of chronic pain with suicide attempt (measured from hospital records; NGWAS=50,264) and death by suicide (measured from official death causes; NGWAS=18,085). Indirect associations of chronic pain with suicide attempt and death by suicide via major depressive disorder (NGWAS=173,005) were estimated. Primary analyses were supported by a range of sensitivity and outlier analyses.We found evidence supporting the contribution of chronic pain to increasing the risk of suicide attempt (OR=1.67, CI=1.21-2.35) and death by suicide (OR=2.00, CI=1.10-3.62). Associations were consistent across sensitivity analysis methods, and no evidence for outliers driving these associations was found. Through mediation analyses, we found that major depressive disorder explained a substantial proportion of the association between chronic pain and suicide attempt (proportion mediated=39%; ORindirect association=1.32, CI=1.09-1.61) and death by suicide (proportion mediated=34%; ORindirect association=1.40, CI=1.13-1.73). Our findings suggest that both pain management interventions and prevention of depression are likely to be effective strategies to reduce suicide risk in individuals with chronic pain.
Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-Restenotic Effects of HSP27 and HO1 modulated by Reconstituted HDL on Neointimal Hyperplasia
Authors: Lee Bok-Soo , Kim Ye Ji , Lee Jo Woon Yi , Park Seongchan , Kim Nam Hyeong , Sa Deok Hyang , Kang Eun Sung , Han Seul Hee , Lee Ji Yeun , Ku Hyo Jung , Kim Sang-Wook , Kim Ki Yong , Park Jeong Euy , Kim Yong Ho
Published: August 2023

HDL therapy has demonstrated beneficial effects in acute stroke and acute myocardial infarction models by reducing infarct size. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) on neointimal hyperplasia and elucidated its underlying mechanism using a balloon injury rat model. Histological analysis of the injured arteries showed a significant 37% reduction in the intima to media ratio in the group treated with 80 mg/kg rHDL compared to the injury-only group (p<0.05), indicating a specific inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia by rHDL. In vitro analysis confirmed that rHDL significantly suppressed smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation while promoting endothelial cell (EC) proliferation. Moreover, treatment with rHDL resulted in reduced infiltration of leukocytes and downregulation of MMP9 expression in the neointimal area. Notably, rHDL administration led to decreased expression of VCAM1 and HIF1α, accompanied by increased expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO1). Overexpression of HO1 by rHDL effectively inhibited SMC proliferation both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, rHDL-mediated suppression of injury-induced HIF1α coincided with upregulation of HO1. Interestingly, HSP27 and HO1 exerted inhibitory effects on the expression of C-C chemokine receptors (CCR2, CCR5, and CCR7), while specifically inhibiting the expression of CX3C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) was observed only with HO1. These findings highlight the distinct roles of HSP27 and HO1 as potential regulatory factors in the progression of restenosis. Collectively, our study demonstrates that rHDL exerts a potent anti-neointimal hyperplasia effect by suppressing leukocytes infiltration and SMC proliferation while promoting EC proliferation.
A Data-Driven Global Flood Forecasting System for Medium to Large Rivers
Authors: Palash Wahid , Akanda Ali S. , Islam Shafiqul
Published: August 2023

Losses from catastrophic floods are driving intense efforts to increase preparedness and improve response to disastrous flood events by providing early warnings. Yet accurate flood forecasting remains a challenge due to uncertainty in modeling, calibrating, and validating a reliable early warning system. This paper presents the Requisitely Simple (ReqSim) flood forecasting system that includes key variables and processes of basin hydrology and atmospheric forcing in a data-driven modeling framework. The simplicity of the modeling structure and data requirements of the system allows for customization and implementation in any medium to large rain-fed river basin globally. The proposed system's efficacy is demonstrated in this paper through providing reliable forecasts for various river basins around the world. This include 3–10-day forecasts for the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers in South Asia, 2–3-day forecast for the Amur and Yangtze rivers in East Asia, 5–10-day forecasts for the Niger, Congo and Zambezi rivers in West and Central Africa, 6–8-day forecasts for the Danube River in Europe, 2–5-day forecasts for the Parana River in South America, and 2–7-day forecasts for the Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, and Arkansas rivers in the USA. The study also quantifies the effect of basin size, topography, hydrometeorology, and river flow controls on forecast accuracy and lead times. Results indicate that ReqSim's forecasts perform better in river systems with moderate slopes, semiarid to wet hydroclimatic conditions, and less flow controls. The simple structure, minimal data requirements, ease of operation, and reliable operational accuracy make ReqSim an attractive option for effective real-time flood forecasting in medium and large river basins worldwide.
Hypercoagulation/fibrinolysis suppression is a risk factor for severe intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Kibe Masaya , Tokuhisa Takuya
Published: August 2023

The association between hypercoagulation/fibrinolysis supression and severity of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants has not been investigated. The study aimed to determine how the coagulation–fibrinolysis balance prior to IVH onset affects the severity of IVH. Participants included 72 preterm infants born at <33 weeks and 0 days of gestation. Blood-related data were analyzed prior to IVH onset. An ordered logistic regression model was created with gestational week, birth weight, non-reassuring fetal status, chorioamnionitis, fibrinogen, antithrombin activity, platelet count, soluble fibrin, thrombin–antithrombin complex, and plasmin–α2 plasmin inhibitor complex/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PIC/PAI-1) ratio as the explanatory variables and severity of IVH as the objective variable. The Markov chain Monte Carlo method was used to estimate the model’s parameters. The expected value of the partial regression coefficient of the PIC/PAI-1 ratio was estimated to be -0.875, the 95% Bayesian confidence interval ranged from -1.555 to -0.261, and the posterior probability of the coefficient being negative was 99.78%, which can be interpreted as follows: the lower the PIC/PAI-1 ratio in the model, the more severe the IVH. Hypercoagulation/fibrinolysis suppression is a risk factor for severe IVH. Treatment targeting hypercoagulability and low fibrinolytic activity may prevent severe IVH.