bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of thermal notch erosion in forcing localised calving failure and short-term increases in velocity at a lake-terminating glacier in southeast Iceland
Authors: Baurley Nathaniel , Hart Jane
Published: April 2024

We utilised repeat high-resolution UAV-SfM surveys, alongside terrestrial photography acquired in-situ, to investigate, for the first time, how localised calving failure can drive short-term increases in velocity at a lake-terminating glacier. This data was acquired over five days in early July 2019, and across 11 days in July 2021, to provide insights into a suite of processes that have been rarely studied. We demonstrate that We demonstrate that large calving events (surface area >1000 m2, >150 m wide), occurring as a direct result of thermal notches at the waterline, can drive short-term increases in velocity up to 30% above the average, which are sustained for several days and occur over a much larger area of the glacier than was originally impacted by the initial calving event. We suggest that these findings present an important, yet previously undocumented aspect of the dynamic behaviour of both freshwater and tidewater glaciers, warranting further research into these key processes.
Social affordances and architectural design - a case study of a central stairway
Authors: Sylvest Mille , Sønderstrup-Andersen Hans Henrik Krogh
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we offer arguments for the relevance and usefulness of applying a psychological affordance perspective to social interaction in the built environment. Our empirical focus is on building elements where the intention of the architectural design is better to foster social coordination and interaction between building users. We illustrate how the concept of social affordances relates to such social activities through scrutinizing a special designed central stairway architectural element in a building housing the Ørestad College in Copenhagen, Denmark. We take a qualitative approach using observational study techniques using video recordings of the everyday use the stairway at the college. Through our analysis we identify eight types of social interactions, which we distilled into four categories of social activities afforded by the lays-out of the stairway and its surroundings; social walking, social spotting, social waiting and social encountering. We discuss our findings both theoretically and in relation to architectural practice and we conclude that the concept of social affordances would be of great use and value for research and practice in architectural design. Moreover, the findings presented in this paper have potential theoretical implications related to the coupling between the concept of affordances on one hand and social interactions on the other, a coupling that is shown to be relevant not only theoretically, but also through its empirical application.
Socioemotional Dysfunction and the Greater Good: A Case Study
Authors: Antoniou Rea , Callahan Patrick , Kramer Joel , Miller Bruce L , Chiong Winston , Rankin Katherine P
Published: April 2024

Moral cognition has largely been studied via moral dilemmas in which making a utilitarian choice causes instrumental harm to achieve the greater good. Accordingly, empirical studies of utilitarianism link it with emotional unresponsiveness and brain lesion studies have suggested that socioemotional processes must be intact to generate decisions that refuse to employ harm (at the cost of overall welfare). However, there is also an impartial, altruistic dimension of utilitarianism in which one sacrifices the good of oneself or close others for the overall welfare. In this study, we measured utilitarian choices multidimensionally in a patient with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), incorporating dilemmas accounting for both negative and positive dimensions and found that despite socioemotional and executive deficits our patient was highly utilitarian in the positive, self-sacrificial dimension of utilitarianism. This case study challenges the tendency to automatically associate patients with bvFTD with sociopathic, antisocial tendencies, and suggests that altruistic, impartial choices can occur in the absence of socioemotional responsiveness when a more multidimensional empirical measurement of utilitarianism is employed.
Landscapes of coarticulation: The co-structuring of gesture-vocal dynamics in Karnatak music performance
Authors: Pearson Lara , Nuttall Thomas , Pouw Wim
Published: April 2024

In music performance contexts, vocalists tend to gesture in ways that show both similarities and idiosyncrasies across performers. We present a quantitative analysis and visualisation pipeline that characterises the multidimensional codependencies of spontaneous body movements and vocalisations in vocal performers. We apply this pipeline to a dataset of performances within the Karnatak music tradition of South India, including audio and motion tracking data, openly published with this report. Our results show that time-varying features of head and hand gestures tend to be more similar when the concurrent vocal time-varying features are also more similar. While for each performer we find clear co-structuring of sound and movement, they each show their own characteristic salient dimensions (e.g., hand position, head acceleration) on which movement is coarticulated with singing. Our analyses thereby provide a computational characterisation of each performer’s unique multimodal coarticulations with singing. The results support our conceptual contribution of widening the conception of coarticulation, from within a ‘modality’ (e.g., speech articulator positions, joint angles in reaching), to a multimodal coarticulation constrained by both physiological and aesthetic ‘control parameters’ that reduce degrees of freedom of the multimodal performance such that motifs that sound alike tend to co-structure with gestures that move alike.
The spectral properties and dispersion parameters of electrospun nanofibers Poly(vinyl alcohol/ Poly(acrylamide)
Authors: Hassan Maher , Sh. Hashim Foaad , Haneen Abass Khalid
Published: April 2024

Electrospun nanofibers based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylamide (PAAm), and a PVA-PAAm blend (50/50 wt.%) were effectively made a room temperature(RT) and a voltage of (12kV). The products were studied using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The result of FESEM analysis showed that the polymer PVA, PAAm, and blend samples produced a random distribution of fine fibres at an average diameter of (214.12, 317.1, 157.65) nm with a smooth surface. In addition, the FESEM images demonstrate the fibres' suitability for use in gas sensing applications due to their branching fibres and porosity surface. XRD showed that the film polymeric of PVA, PAAm polymeric blend PVA-PAAm was seen to have a semicrystalline nature. According to the FTIR analysis, the PVA and PAAm networks in the PVA-PAAm polymer nanofibers were entangled due to the powerful hydrogen bond contact between the PAAm and PVA chains. Observed around (3473.79 and 3414) cm-1 were attributed to the N–H vibration and overlapped to O–H stretching. The spectra of the prepared films exhibit prominent absorption peaks, which are at the wavelength range (200-320) nm. PVA-PAAm polymer nanofibers decrease the energy gap from 3.70eV to 3.40eV. The Wemple-DiDomenico model was used to derive dispersion parameters such as dispersion energy, single oscillator energy, Urbach energy, the static refractive index and the moments of optical spectra the result of calculating by this model was compatible with that value calculated by the Tauc relation. While increased which qualifies them to be used in the electronic devices.
Nagrobki zwierzęce Jana Gawińskiego w perspektywie ekokrytyki
Authors: Knopik Agata
Published: April 2024

Artykuł Nagrobki zwierzęce Jana Gawińskiego w perspektywie ekokrytyki podejmuje próbę wykorzystania optyki human-animal studies, ukształtowanej w nurcie, tej współczesnej metodologii do weryfikacji dotychczasowych odczytań barokowych epitafiów Jana Gawińskiego poświęconych zwierzętom. Przeprowadzono polemikę z sądami, iż nagrobki zwierzęce Jana Gawińskiego są przejawem nihilizmu, groteski lub wariacją na temat bajki zwierzęcej. Zwrócono też uwagę na ważną dla interpretacji pojedynczych utworów rolę kompozycji zbioru. Zastosowanie perspektywy ekokrytycznej pozwoliło pokazać, iż mimo panującej w kulturze epok przednowoczesnych wizji natury z hierarchicznym porządkiem łańcucha bytów, pisarze odnajdywali w konwencjach „szczelinę” dla wyrażenia wspólnoty doświadczenia losu śmiertelności biologicznej, empatię, wrażliwość sumienia i odpowiedzialność za braci mniejszych.
Wszystkie zwierzęta są równe… czyli dlaczego zasada etyczna, na której opiera się ludzka równość, wymaga od nas także równego traktowania zwierząt
Authors: Singer Peter , Kozhevnikov Dmitry , Kozhevnikova Magdalena
Published: April 2024

Exctract from the book Animal Liberation Now (Publisher: New York: HarperCollins, 2023), which shows that despite the growing importance of the animal liberation movement, we still abuse animals on an incomprehensible scale. The book returns to the themes of Animal Liberation – Peter Singer’s groundbreaking work from 1975 and examines how the issues of the animal rights movement intertwine with climate change and social justice. The book is also a voice arguing for a new ethics of our relationship with animals. In the quoted passage, Peter Singer argues for animal liberation and equal treatment of the interests of humans and non-humans. He also describes speciesism as prioritizing the interests of one’s own species. The ethical basis for equal treatment of different species is their shared capacity to suffer.
Failings of Nessie Debunkers and of Debunkers in General
Authors: Bauer Henry , Watson Roland
Published: April 2024

That Loch Ness Monsters, “Nessies”, might exist has been argued by many people on the basis of films, sonar contacts, photos, and eyewitness accounts. At the same time, some observers have insisted that these are not real creatures, nothing but misperceptions of natural phenomena or known animals. Their arguments typically address the weakest evidence (eyewitness accounts) rather than the strongest objective evidence of sonar and film. Such evasion or avoidance constitutes a strategy of misdirection, as does the insistence that, since Nessies are not recognized by “science,” therefore taking their possible existence seriously amounts to doing pseudo-science. Debunkers arguably irrational and go beyond the evidence in declaring that Nessies are definitely non-existent. Although Nessie fans do believe that they exist, most will admit that final proof requires a specimen or detailed close-up of unequivocally valid photography and insist only that enough evidence exists to warrant further searches: that is not pseudo-science.
National business cultures of Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine as a factor of the synthesis of Western and Eastern management styles
Authors: GLINKOWSKA-KRAUZE Beata , CHEBOTAROV Viacheslav , CHEBOTAROV Iegor
Published: April 2024

In this study, based on the identification of similarity factors of the national business cultures of Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine, the hypothesis was formulated and verified concerning the formation of premises for a new management style – Eastern European management as a synthesis of Western and Eastern management. Using the measurement tools of modern economic comparative analysis, an analysis of the business cultures of these countries was conducted. The feature system was built by comparing western and eastern conceptual management approaches and practices. It has been proven that the great proximity (similarity) of the national business cultures of Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine creates conditions for optimal combination of the advantages of Western and Eastern management.
Facebook and Female Member of Parliament in Malaysia, Where are We Going Now?
Authors: Mazlan Najwa , Abd Hamid Rohana , Aminudin Rabi'ah
Published: April 2024

Female participation in politics at the decision-making level is less than 25 percent. One of the barriers faced by female MPs is the lack of access to equal coverage in traditional news media. As an alternative, social media such as Facebook is likely to break this barrier down as it can offer opportunities for them to engage with the citizens and connect with their constituencies. This is because social media has transformed the way politicians interact with citizens. It functions as a political equaliser to female decision makers by giving them the opportunities to communicate directly with their supporters and explain their positions, unfiltered. Hence, social media is expected to assist women achieve greater political parity. The objective of this paper is to understand how women in politics use Facebook sustain successful political careers as members of Parliament in Malaysia. Hence, this paper relies on a qualitative content analysis of the female members of the Parliament to find out the distribution pattern of Facebook usage by the MPs and the extent it is used to facilitate communication to address gender related issues. This study also seeks to find out the barriers to inactive use of Facebook in advocating the aforementioned issues. To answer these questions, the researcher relies on interview method. This study found that female MPs focus more on the interactive function of social media rather than its informative function. This means that female MPs, who are frequently at a disadvantage when competing for resources, have not been using Facebook to empower their status and position. This study also found that although Facebook is used by many female MPs, Facebook does not guarantee an equalising platform for women to advocate for gender-related issues. The results show that a few MPs were reluctant to post and discuss said matters on their Facebook  pages.
ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА У СФЕРІ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ АДАПТАЦІЇ УЧАСНИКІВ БОЙОВИХ ДІЙ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Тимочко Іван , Кіцак Тарас
Published: April 2024

У статті розкрито особливості здійснення державної політики у сфері соціально-психологічної адаптації учасників бойових дій в Україні. На сьогодні потребують врегулювання низка питань, пов’язаних з психологічним та соціальним захистом осіб, яким установлено один з таких статусів: учасника бойових дій, особи з інвалідністю внаслідок війни; учасника війни; постраждалого учасника Революції Гідності; члена сім’ї загиблого (померлого) ветерана війни; члена сім’ї загиблого (померлого) Захисника чи Захисниці України. Розкрито основні поняття сфери соціально-психологічної адаптації учасників бойових дій в Україні відповідно до законодавства України. Охарактеризовано організаційно-правові засади державної політики у сфері соціально-психологічної адаптації учасників бойових дій в Україні. Актуальним залишається діяльність суб’єктів державної політики у сфері соціально-психологічної адаптації учасників бойових дій в Україні. Зокрема, проаналізовано діяльність Міністерства у справах ветеранів України, яке є центральним органом виконавчої влади, забезпечує формування державної політики у сфері соціально-психологічної адаптації учасників бойових дій в Україні. Розкрито основну його діяльність за напрямками у сфері соціально-психологічної адаптації учасників бойових дій. Проаналізовано динаміку діяльності центрів соціально-психологічної реабілітації населення та проєкту MARTA (Mental Adaptation and Rehabilitation Tools and Analysis з англ. – Інструменти психологічної адаптації та реабілітації та їх аналіз).
ASSESSMENT OF TRENDS OF THE FINANCIAL RESULT OF SALES ACTIVITIES OF THE MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE
Authors: CHAIKOVSKA Inna , Proskurovych Oksana
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the main principles of forming the financial result of the sales activity of the business entity. At the same time, the main attention is focused on the evaluation of the trends of changes in the gross profit of the manufacturing enterprise. The main factors influencing its change under martial law are outlined. It has been proven that timely monitoring of the results of sales activity requires the use of economic and mathematical methods and models for estimating gross profit. The means of econometric modeling provide for the selection of the most significant factors of its change, assessment of the density and closeness of the connection, the share of influence of the selected factors on the performance indicator, modeling and further forecasting of the gross profit. The trends of changes in the result of the sales activity of the manufacturing enterprise over the last fifteen years were analyzed. The main problems have been identified and the ways to overcome problematic areas of sales activities have been outlined. It is substantiated that in order to overcome the mentioned troubles, it is necessary to apply the correlation-regression analysis of the gross profit of the manufacturing enterprise. At the same time, the most influential factors of its change were chosen: the volume of sales of the main type of products, the cost of goods and retained earnings (uncovered loss). The result of the conducted research is the construction of multifactorial econometric models of the formation of the gross profit of the manufacturing enterprise. It was established that all these models are adequate according to the coefficient of determination and Fisher's test. Therefore, gross profit forecasting for the next two years was carried out based on them. The forecasting process was carried out on the basis of the assumption of a one percent change in the selected factors and on the basis of the trends existing at the production enterprise. The forecasting results are of a recommendatory nature and can be applied in accordance with changing business conditions. Forecasting changes in factors, using the TREND function, leads to a rapid increase in gross profit. Applying an expert assessment of changes in factors proves a more optimistic prediction of the size of the gross profit of the manufacturing enterprise. The work offers several possible options for changing the result of sales activities in accordance with the dynamics of changes in the selected factors. The relevance of the provided information will allow not only to evaluate the existing trends regarding changes in gross profit, but also to choose the best result depending on the dynamism of the internal and external environment of the production enterprise.
Protection of confidential data in Amazon Elastic Block Store snapshots
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Haidur H. I.
Published: April 2024

The article examines security issues in an Amazon Web Services (AWS) environment with an emphasis on the risks associated with public Elastic Block Store (EBS) snapshots. Analyzes how user identification and authorization processes can contribute to security risks and leakage of confidential data. Methods for detecting and monitoring public snapshots are described in detail, as well as recommendations for changing permissions and ensuring the security of credentials. Emphasizes the importance of conducting investigations when public snapshots are discovered, and develops strategies to prevent such incidents, including staff training and enforcement of privacy policies. AWS's approach to security is highlighted, particularly through informing customers about the potential risks associated with public access to snapshots. The paper offers a comprehensive overview of security issues in an AWS environment, focusing on data management, and recommends specific measures to ensure the secure use of EBS snapshots. Potential vulnerabilities are illustrated with real-world examples, demonstrating the importance of properly managing access policies and the informed use of snapshots to prevent accidental data leakage. Particular attention is paid to the impact of open snapshots on various industries and the need for audits to identify potential threats.
The potential of Blockchain in improving the security of Websites
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Zamrii I. V.
Published: April 2024

With digital transformation and the rise of cyber threats, website security has become a vital part of the Internet. Websites contain a large amount of sensitive information, such as user personal data, financial information and trade secrets. Criminals are constantly looking for vulnerabilities to attack and steal data, which can lead to serious consequences for users and website owners. This study provides an extensive analysis and comparative study of the effectiveness of blockchain technology compared to traditional website security methods. The main focus of the study is on evaluating key parameters such as decision accuracy, query processing speed, and overall system reliability. During the study, the influence of the number of blocks in the blockchain chain and the quality of encryption on the accuracy of decision-making was revealed. The ability of the system to effectively contain potential threats was analyzed. The speed of processing requests was evaluated taking into account the possible impact of increasing the number of blocks and the complexity of encryption on system performance. A comprehensive formula for assessing the overall reliability of the system has been developed, which combines the positive and negative aspects of blockchain technologies. The obtained results indicate that by integrating factors of accuracy and speed of processing into a comprehensive assessment of system reliability, the use of blockchain allows to increase the overall reliability of the website protection system.
Detection of attacks in Internet of Things networks using machine learning methods
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Vetlytska O. S.
Published: April 2024

The increase in the volume of digital data generated, in particular, by smart devices of the Internet of Things, has made research related to the application of machine learning methods to detect anomalies in network traffic - the presence of network attacks - relevant. For this purpose, the article proposes a unified approach to detecting attacks at various levels of the Internet of Things network architecture, based on machine learning methods. The article investigates that at the level of a wireless sensor network, the detection of an attack is related to the detection of anomalous behavior of an Internet of Things device, in which the deviation of the behavior of an Internet of Things device from its profile can be considered as a compromise of the device. Building profiles of smart IoT devices is based on statistical characteristics, such as the intensity and duration of packet transmission, the proportion of relayed packets, etc. It has been studied that at the level of a local or global wired network of the Internet of Things, data aggregation takes place, the analysis of which is also performed by machine learning methods. Trained classifiers can become part of a network attack detection system that makes decisions about node compromise "on the fly". Models of network attack classifiers at the level of a wireless sensor network, and at the level of a local or global wired network are experimentally selected. The best results in terms of completeness and accuracy estimates are demonstrated by the random forest method for a wired local and (or) global network and by all considered methods for a wireless sensor network. Practical significance: the proposed classifier models can be used in the design of attack detection systems in Internet of Things networks.
An improved model of the diffusion of Bass innovations for predicting changes in public opinion during the implementation of a narrative in social networks
Authors:   The National Defence University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Rakhimov V. V.
Published: April 2024

During the writing of the article, the complex dynamics of forecasting public opinion based on the implementation of narratives in social networks were analyzed using Bass's innovation diffusion model. Recognizing the important role of narratives in the formation of collective views provides a basis for using Bass's innovation diffusion model to predict and understand changes in public attitudes during the introduction and implementation of narratives in social networks. On the basis of the above, the research task was set: improvement of the Bass innovation diffusion model for predicting changes in public opinion in social networks, which will directly contribute to the development of quality content by determined forces and means to create favorable conditions during the use of troops (forces) and in peacetime due to entering the coefficient of coverage of the target audience. During the writing of the article, theoretical methods were applied, namely, the analysis of research and publications on the topic of development in relation to the use of diffusion of innovations, which describes the process of how innovations are accepted by the population, the analysis of statistical data of public opinion, comparisons to identify development trends in the consumption of information in social networks, as well as synthesis to achieve the goal of the study. The article presents a mathematical apparatus that incorporates the Bass diffusion model into network behavior for modeling the spread of narratives and predicting changes in public opinion. For the first time, an approach to simulation modeling of the introduction and implementation of a narrative in a social network based on the Bass diffusion model was substantiated, which made it possible to investigate the consumer behavior of social network users under the influence of information and interpersonal communication in a social network. Integrating concepts from Bass's model, such as innovation adoption and imitative behavior, the proposed model aims to predict the dynamics of public attitudes in response to the spread of narratives.
An improved method of detecting false information
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Laptyeva T. O.
Published: April 2024

Under the conditions of the rapid development of the global information society, the widespread use of information and communication technologies in all spheres of life, the problem of information security acquires special importance. Technology, a double-edged sword in this battle, also has the potential to solve the problem. Fact-checking algorithms, while imperfect, can act as sentinels by flagging suspicious content. Transparency and collaboration between platforms, researchers and independent fact-checkers are critical to improving these tools and ensuring responsible use. However, technology alone cannot win this war. The battlefield goes beyond algorithms and code, reaching into the very fabric of our societies. Current methods of detecting false information take into account only the content of the data source, that is, the data itself, without paying attention to the context of the data. Taking into account that data is becoming more complex, it is becoming more and more, it becomes important to develop and improve algorithms and methods for detecting false information, taking into account the modern features of information dissemination. Therefore, the purpose of the work is to develop an improved method of detecting false information based on the synergy of the proposed additional methods. The improvement of the method consists in the synergy of the five components. Each of which has the ability to detect false information with some probability. It is the synergy and combinatorics of these methods that improve the overall method and detect false information with greater efficiency than existing methods.
Simulation and analysis models of hybrid software­configured devices
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Dmytrenko V. V.
Published: April 2024

The analysis of the algorithm, based on which the simulation and analytical model of the hybrid software-configurable device is automatically synthesized, was carried out. The solution for modeling OpenFlow equipment was also considered, and an original OpenFlow switch model was developed, which is distinguished by the ability to manage delays based on the results of its mathematical model. The operation scheme of a hybrid switch that supports both traditional switching and OpenFlow switching has been developed. This scheme allows solving complex tasks in the physical infrastructure of virtualized networks. A module has been developed to create a realistic delay and limit the capacity and performance of the hybrid switch model, which can work according to the data obtained as a result of the experimental study. Additional traffic processing schemes have been developed for a more detailed implementation of the hybrid software-configurable equipment model. The basic model of the switch presented in the INET OMNeT++ framework is considered. The switch is represented by a set of modules interacting through the OMNeT transmission system. The most detailed modules of Ethernet interfaces are implemented, in particular, there are implementations of the input queue of the Tail-Drop type, output queues of the FIFO, RED, WRED, PQ, CBFQ types, as well as the implementation of the transmission delay on the line. The virtualization technology of network functions, which is built on the basis of software-configured networks, has been studied, and the most popular Linux-based solutions are used as a software-controlled Open vSwitch switch. The considered methods of forming a model of such a switch. Open vSwitch is architecturally different from both classical and OpenFlow real switches, as there are no dedicated packet refactoring units (except for network cards with hardware header processing and FPGAs), dedicated memory and processors for switching, Open vSwitch uses a kernel module (or module DPDK for direct transmission without the participation of the kernel) to transmit packets based on information from the OVSDB database or OpenFlow tables.
Recognition of human emotions in real time
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Varfolomeieva O. G.
Published: April 2024

This article emphasizes the importance and relevance of using neural networks to recognize human emotions in real time. He explores the possibilities of using convolutional neural networks for efficient analysis and classification of emotions based on facial expressions. The article describes the process of developing an application using JavaScript and TensorFlow and highlights potential optimization opportunities to improve the speed and accuracy of emotion recognition. The solution proposed in this paper offers a highly effective approach to emotion recognition, applicable in a variety of fields ranging from medicine and social research to marketing and entertainment. This highlights the importance of advanced technologies that improve human-computer interaction and reflects the importance of using innovative methods to improve the quality of human life. The convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm used in this study uses a deep learning approach for facial expression recognition. The architecture of the CNN model includes several convolutional layers, each of which is responsible for identifying specific features of face images, such as edges, textures, and patterns. These layers are followed by pooling layers to reduce dimensionality, allowing the network to focus on the most meaningful features. In addition, the use of rectified linear units (ReLU) as activation functions improves the model’s ability to capture complex relationships in the data. In addition, the paper examines a deep learning facial expression recognition (FER) model based on convolutional neural networks, demonstrating its effectiveness in accurately identifying and classifying different emotional states based on facial features. The robust architecture of the FER model and the learning process allow it to distinguish the nuances of facial expressions, contributing to a more detailed understanding of human emotions. Consequently, such a system could be useful for medicine, social research, marketing, and entertainment, helping to analyze emotional responses and improve user interaction strategies.
Virtual mashine Labtainers for emulation network vulnerabilities
Authors:   National Academy of the Security Service of Ukraine, Kyiv, Konovalov O. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The number of cybercrimes is constantly increasing and currently poses a significant threat to our society and economy. There is also a growing number of threats to our personal data, confidentiality, children, and the elderly due to financial fraud, which is why cybersecurity specialists are in high demand across all industries. In such circumstances, the question of the availability of cybersecurity specialists and their training methods. The number of disciplines related to cybersecurity is rapidly increasing in higher education institutions. The training of future cybersecurity specialists is a top priority for our national security, financial stability, and economic development. The article discusses the utilization of the Labtainers virtual environment for organizing lab sessions in cybersecurity disciplines. It explores ARP protocol vulnerabilities, principles, and mechanisms behind ARP-Spoofing attacks. The analysis delves into existing tools for executing such attacks. The article provides comparative equipment characteristics for setting up lab environments using physical hardware and virtual machines. It highlights the advantages of containerization for deploying test network environments based on Docker containers. For investigating the Labtainers environment in organizing lab sessions, a lab exercise on simulating ARP-Spoofing attacks and analyzing network traffic using the Wireshark network sniffer was chosen. Labtainers offer over 50 cybersecurity lab exercises and tools for creating custom ones. To perform these exercises on personal equipment, importing a virtual machine for VirtualBox hypervisor or installing Labtainers on a Linux OS is necessary. Subsequently, configurations for specific lab work can be set up and exercises executed according to instructions. Labtainers is designed for deploying configured Docker containers, allowing the creation of complex network topologies even on modest computers. It automates assessment, enables student performance evaluation, and facilitates lab work execution in an isolated environment. Students complete lab exercises entirely on their own computers, regardless of the Linux distribution and packages installed. Labtainers operates on a virtual machine with Docker or on any Linux distribution with Docker installed. Additionally, Labtainers’ lab exercises are available as cloud-based virtual machines, such as on Azure.
Development of a neural network structure for recognition of attacks in computer systems
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Sosnovyy V. O.
Published: April 2024

The integration of industrial control communication networks and the Internet into the Industrial Control System (ICS) increases their vulnerability to cyber-attacks, leading to devastating consequences. Traditional intrusion detection systems (IDS) mostly rely on predefined models and are trained mostly on specific cyber attacks, which means that traditional IDS cannot deal with unknown attacks In addition, most IDSs do not take into account the imbalance of ICS datasets, and therefore suffer from low accuracy and high false positives when used. In the article, we propose an NCO-double-layer DIFF_RF-OPFYTHON intrusion detection method for ICS, which consists of NCO modules, two-layer DIFF_RF modules, and OPFYTHON modules. Detected traffic will be divided into three categories by the two-layer DIFF_RF module: known attacks, unknown attacks, and normal traffic. Next, the known attacks will be classified by the OPFYTHON module into specific attacks according to the characteristics of the attack traffic. We use the NCO module to improve model inputs and improve model accuracy. The results show that the proposed method outperforms traditional intrusion detection methods such as XGboost and SVM. Detecting unknown attacks is also significant. The accuracy of the data set used in this article reaches 98.13%. The detection rate of unknown and known attacks reaches 98.21% and 95.1%, respectively. In this article, the basic modules of the classifier are shallow machine learning algorithms. This can be improved by using a more powerful neural network architecture. In the article, all detected unknown attacks are marked as one category. In further studies, the unknown attacks can be clustered and analyzed to further classify the detected unknown attacks. It is worth noting that the number of unknown attacks is only a small part, so it is difficult to classify unknown attacks using cluster analysis. Since training a more powerful neural network requires a lot of data, it is important to investigate how to train a new model when the number of samples belonging to that class is limited.
Blockchain technology as a tool for countering illicit use of website access
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Shakhmatov I. O.
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces an innovative approach to cybersecurity, integrating blockchain technology with economic analysis to address the burgeoning challenges in website security, such as unauthorized access and data breaches. The study delves into the existing security measures, highlighting their limitations and proposing a robust solution through the unique features of blockchain, like immutability, decentralized data storage, and cryptographic encryption. To analyze the distribution of access to web resources, it employs the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve, which aids in identifying potential vulnerabilities and provides a quantitative foundation for evaluating the security system’s effectiveness. In a significant advancement, the paper describes the creation of a Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagram and a class structure design to conceptualize the integration of blockchain and economic analysis within the cybersecurity framework. Additionally, it discusses the development of a Python-based algorithm, illustrating its functionality and efficiency in real-world scenarios. The algorithm’s performance was meticulously tested using authentic data sets, with the results demonstrating a marked improvement in websites’ ability to counteract cyber threats. By incorporating practical aspects such as UML schematics, class structure development, and Python coding into the research, this paper not only proposes a theoretical model but also showcases its application potential. The research has substantial practical implications, offering a new paradigm for website protection across diverse web applications, including corporate portals and e-commerce. It also makes a pivotal contribution to the academic community, merging cybersecurity, blockchain technology, and economic analysis, and opening new avenues for future research.
Simulation of traffic flow control using S-­hypernetwork
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Korotkov S. S.
Published: April 2024

The problem of the influence of the network capacity of the introduction of one-way traffic on certain sections of the streets is considered. The possibility of using simulation modeling to determine the rules for managing the flow of cars in the metropolis is offered. The construction of the simulation model is based on a non-stationary s-hypernetwork, which makes it possible to adequately reflect the flow of cars on city streets. The main indicator of street congestion is the average speed of vehicles, which has been decreasing sharply over the years. Moreover, this problem began to affect not only large cities, but also smaller ones. The increasing congestion of vehicles on the city’s road network not only increases costs due to lost time, but also increases the likelihood of accidents and negatively affects the environment and people’s quality of life. Management of traffic flows of road transport networks is closely related to their carrying capacity. For the most effective operation of the network, it is necessary to ensure the possibility of passing through it the maximum flow. Since the transport infrastructure of the metropolis is a complex hierarchical non-stationary system of the network structure, the selected theory allows to simulate transport networks close to reality and to solve a number of tasks related to them, such as: modeling of traffic flows of the city’s road transport network; management of transport systems; optimal placement of service points, etc. It is also worth noting that when building the model, it is necessary to take into account not only the urban planning factors of the road and transport network, but also the behavior of the flows and the characteristics of the types of vehicles that make them up. For example, the introduction of one-way traffic can both increase and decrease the carrying capacity of a section of the road network, depending on the flow structure of a given area of the city. Thus, the simulation model will allow to calculate the optimal orientation of the traffic on the streets of the city.
Peculiarities of the Operation оf Optical Communication in case of emergencies
Authors:   State University of Information and Communication Technologies, Kyiv, Zabrodskyy A. I.
Published: April 2024

Today, in connection with the beginning of the full-scale armed invasion of the RF on the territory of Ukraine, questions related to fire safety and stable electricity supply have arisen before our state. It. in turn, led to numerous problems in the communication system. Against this background, after damage to power supply lines and strategic objects, the search and deployment of power supplies independent of the usual supply sources became urgent. After all, under the conditions of emergency and planned power outages, only the presence of such means of power supply as fuel generators and batteries make it possible to provide work and training for a huge number of people. Thanks to the fact that people, without wasting time and wasting energy on unnecessary things and affairs, began to work on the issue that is associated with a sudden or planned power outage for known or not entirely known reasons, work for most people resumed. Autonomous power sources were fuel generators. Small shopping centers and shopping and entertainment centers have installed powerful diesel generators on their premises to power large premises. Some installed one diesel generator on each individual wing. This was done if the room was too large for one diesel generator. Small establishments, for example: cafes, restaurants, bars, pubs, hookah bars, small offices, offices, workshops, etc. installed gasoline generators if the premises were the size of a garage, a three-room apartment with an area of 92 m2 or the size of a small two-story country house with walls 8 meters long each and ceilings up to 2 meters high. Powerful diesel generators were installed in the premises, which were more than 100 m2 in area. Most generators had an automatic start feature. Some generators had an installed automatic start function, and some did not have this function, and therefore had to install this function separately. Telecommunications companies and mobile communication service companies and provider companies that sell and service cable Internet also did not waste time and effort and also installed generators on their territories. Provider companies and mobile communication service companies were the first to decide to install autonomous emergency power supplies in their territories. This was done on purpose, since the equipment that provided and monitored wireless and cable Internet services and mobile communications services was powered by network electricity, and during the absence of network electricity, the equipment obviously stopped working. Because of this, cable Internet and mobile communications were lost, which had a negative impact on some citizens of Ukraine. It had a negative impact on them, since some citizens, as mentioned above, could work or study remotely. Someone lost their job, someone lost their business due to power outages. Also in connection with this, huge accounting gaps appeared. The introduction and use of emergency power helps solve this problem.
ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODIES IN NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE
Authors:   Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia, Kobilyanskaya Vera A. , Matvienko Olesya Yu. ,   Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia, Golovina Olga G. ,   Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
Published: April 2024

The new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is considered a systemic disease, often complicated by thrombotic events, impacting respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematopoietic, and immune systems. The development of a hypercoagulable state accompanying the disease involves inflammatory reactions, endothelial dysfunction, hemostatic system activation, and autoimmune disorders, including antiphospholipid antibodies (aPA). Despite the high prevalence of aPA in COVID-19 patients, its impact on thrombotic complications and disease outcome is not significant. The transient nature of these antibodies and conflicting study results suggest uncertainty about their influence on clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
CHEMOTHERAPY FOR UNRESECTABLE BILIARY CANCER: REVIEW
Authors:   Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia, Tseimakh Alexander E. , Mishchenko Alexander N. ,   City Hospital No. 5, Barnaul, Russia, Shoikhet Yakov N. ,   Altai State Medical University, Barnaul, Russia, Bedyan Nvard K. ,   Altai Regional Oncologic Dispensary, Barnaul, Russia
Published: April 2024

Malignant tumors of the biliary ducts (BDC, biliary duct cancer) are rare cancers arising from the epithelium of the extrahepatic biliary tract, including intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, as well as malignant tumors of the gallbladder and ampullae of the big duodenal papilla (BDP). The global and Russian incidence of these diseases is <1% of all cancer cases. Despite their rarity, BDC has one of the lowest five-year survival rates, second only to pancreatic head tumors. The lack of early symptoms leads to late diagnosis, with 80% of patients presenting with unresectable BDC or advanced disease, significantly impacting life expectancy and quality of life. Unresectable cholangiocarcinoma is primarily treated with chemotherapy, including systemic, targeted, and local invasive methods. However, obstructive jaundice and hepatorenal failure limit the use of aggressive chemotherapy in most patients, hindering the implementation of effective systemic protocols. While targeted chemotherapy shows promise due to the abundance of molecular targets in bile duct malignancies, its impact on complications is limited. Local chemotherapy directly affects tumor size, invasion, and bile duct lumen, but its clinical effectiveness and impact on overall survival remain inconclusive. The search for new local and systemic approaches to cholangiocarcinoma is promising, aiming to improve overall survival and address obstructive jaundice.