bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical treatment of Abdominal Echinococcosis
Authors: Thota Anuroop , Reddy A. Dinakar , Rao V. Venkata Narasimha
Published: November 2018

Background: Cystic Echinococcosis is a zoonosis with worldwide geographical distribution caused by dog tapeworm. Cystic echinococcosis most frequently involves only one organ by forming a solitary cyst. Hydatid disease commonly involves the liver (75%) and lungs (15%), followed by other regions of the body (10-15%). Multi-organ abdominal HD is the most serious form and is potentially fatal.Methods: It is a retrospective study for a duration of 3 years. The recorded data of all the patients undergoing treatment has been collected and analyzed.Results: A total of 30 patients were identified. Most common organ involved was liver followed by spleen, pancreas and kidney. Cysts are more commonly seen in right lobe. All the patients underwent surgical treatment. 17 patients underwent open surgery, while 13 patients were treated by laparoscopy. Cysto biliary communication was identified in 3 patients, all in laparoscopy and a primary closure was done. All the patients were started on albendazole 400 mg twice daily per oral at least 15 days prior to surgery and this treatment was continued for 3 months post-operatively.Conclusions: Hydatid disease is endemic in sheep farming and cattle farming areas of Asia. Most patients remain asymptomatic for years. Diagnosis is by imaging techniques. Echinococcal infection usually requires multimodality treatment and the best treatment is always individualized. Surgery along with anti-helminthic treatment holds the best curative measure at present.
Color doppler assessment of extra cranial carotid arteries in carotid artery disease with correlation of risk factors in predicting cerebro vascular accident in patients with carotid atheromatous disease
Authors: Bollipo Johny Prasad , Rao Pasupuleti Bhimeswara
Published: November 2018

Background: Stroke is a clinical syndrome, which describes a sudden neurological deficit of presumed vascular origin. The risk factors for stroke are diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol and hypertension. Colour doppler ultrasound is one of the important tool for the evaluation of exracranial insufficiency of the carotid arteries. This study was performed to assess the carotid arteries with the help of color doppler in carotid artery disease.Methods: Of the 100 patients who had come to our department during the study period with symptoms of cerebrovascular disease such as transient episodes of neurological dysfunction, sudden weakness or numbness, hemiparesis, focal neurological deficits, sudden loss of consciousness, altered sensorium, aphasia, slurring of speech, diminution or loss of vision were included into the study. CT scan of brain and color doppler evaluation for the extracranial carotid arteries was done for all the patients to assess the atheromatous disease of extracranial carotid arteries and comparison with brain changes in cerebrovascular disease patients.Results: Of the 100 patients included into the study, 51% were males and 49% were females. 59% of the patients were above 61 years of age, 24% of them were between 51-60 years and 12% were between 41-50 years. 82% of the patients had the presence of atherosclerotic plaque while 18% had increased intima-media thickness without the plaque. Among the patients with atherosclerotic plaque, 63.4% had diabetes and 68.3% had hypertension. <50% stenosis was seen among 45.1% of the patients while 36.6% had between 50-70%. Near total occlusion was seen in 6.1% of the patients.Conclusions: The color Doppler sonography is a useful tool in evaluation of extra cranial course of carotid vessels. It is a non-invasive, cheap, faster modality without any side effects. Therefore, it could be used in predicting CVA in patients with carotid atheromatous disease.
XIV. ASIR DOĞU KARADENİZ TARİHİNDEN BİR SAFHA: HACIEMİROĞULLARI, GİRESUN VE KUŞDOĞAN BEY İLİŞKİSİ HAKKINDA NELER BİLİYORUZ?
Authors: EMECEN Feridun M.
Published: November 2018

Giresun kesiminde XIV.

asrın başlarında yoğun faaliyette bulunan Türkmenlerin sahil bölgelerine inerek

askeri yapılanmalar oluşturdukları bilinmektedir. Bu makalede, Giresun’a

yönelik olarak akın faaliyetinde bulunan ilk Türkmen beyi Kuşdoğan’ın gerek isminin

tesbiti gerekse faaliyetleri hakkında ne gibi bilgilere ulaşılabildiği konusu

üzerinde durulmuştur. Trabzon Komnenoslarının tarihçisi Panaretos’un Grek

harfleriyle yazdığı bu Türkmen beyinin adının nasıl okunacağı önemli bir mesele

teşkil etmiştir. Bunun Kuşdoğan şeklinde okunması gerektiği tesbiti tarafımdan

yapıldıktan sonra oluşan tartışmalar ve görüşlere burada temas edilmiş, onun

bir beylik kurucusu şeklinde anılıp etrafında oluşturulan “sentetik” bilgiler

ele alınıp ayıklanarak, Kuşdoğan Bey’in gerçek kimliği ve faaliyetleri

hususunda nelerin kuvvetle vurgulanabileceği belirtilmiştir. Bunlar ise şu

başlıklar altında toplanmıştır: Hacıemiroğulları ve Taceddinoğulları’nın ortaya

çıkışından biraz daha erken dönemde Çepni gruplarının başında yer aldığı;

bunlarla ilişkilerinin mahiyeti hakkında hiçbir bilginin bulunmadığı;

Hacıemiroğulları’nın ataları ile irtibatlandırılacak kesin delillerin mevcut

olmadığı; Canik bölgesinden Giresun Aksu vadisine kadar uzanan kesimdeki

Kuşdoğan köylerinin adından hareketle oluşturduğu nüfuz alanının tesbit

edilebileceği; bugün Giresun’a uzanan Aksu vadisinde Dereli’nin yakınında

Kuşluhan diye anılan kalesinin onun tarafından askeri bir üs halinde

kullanılmış olabileceği; Giresun’a yönelik akın faaliyetlerinde bulunma amaçlı

bir askeri bölge/Uç hattı teşkil ettiği; Giresun yöresinin ilk Türk fatihleri

olan topluluğun askeri lideri olduğu.
XX. YÜZYILDA CANİK (SAMSUN) SANCAĞINDA ADLARI DEĞİŞTİRİLMEK İSTENEN YERLER VE YENİ ADLARI
Authors: ÖZCAN Selim
Published: November 2018

Yer adları, o topraklar üzerinde yaşayanların, vatanı olduğunu ve

kültürel özelliklerini yansıtan önemli bir belgedir. Dolayısıyla dünyanın

değişik coğrafyalarını yurt edinen Türkler, hâkim oldukları topraklara kendi

kültürlerinin özelliklerini gösteren yer adlarını vermişlerdir.  

Bu durum, Osmanlı Devleti

döneminde de sürdürüldü. Fakat Osmanlı, çok milletli bir devlet olmasından, her

milletin kendi yaşadığı bölgeye, kendi dilinde yer adı vermesini ortaya

çıkardı. Fransız ihtilalinin yaydığı milliyetçilik düşüncesi sonrasında ise

devlet birlik ve düzeni sağlamaya yönelik bazı fikir akımları uygulamaya koydu.

Bu akımlardan birsi de, Türkçülük fikri oldu. Bu düşünce istikametinde yabancı

yer adlarının değiştirilmesine gidildi. Bu başlatılan değişiklik hareketi Canik

(Samsun) sancağında da uygulandı.
Breast Tissue Classification via Interval Type 2 Fuzzy Logic Based Rough Set
Authors: Baharuddin Wan Noor Aziezan , Sheikh Abdullah Siti Norul Huda , Sahran Shahnorbanun , Qasem Ashwaq , Hussain Rizuana Iqbal , Abdullah Azizi
Published: November 2018

BIRADS is a Breast Imaging, Reporting and Data System. A tool to standardize mammogram reports and minimizes ambiguity during mammogram image evaluation. Classification of BIRADS is one of the most challenging tasks to radiologist. An apt treatment can be administered to the patient by the oncologist upon acquiring sufficient information at BIRADS stage. This study aspired to build a model, which classifies BIRADS using mammograms images and reports. Through the implementation of type-2 fuzzy logic as classifier, an automatically generated rules will be applied to the model. Comparison of accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the modal will be performed vis-í -vis rules given by the experts. The study encompasses a number of steps beginning with collection of the data from Radiology Department of National University of Malaysia Medical Center. The data was initially processed to remove noise and gaps. Then, an algorithm developed by selecting type-2 fuzzy logic using Mamdani model. Three types of membership functions were employed in the study. Among the rules that used by the model were obtained from experts as well as generated automatically by the system using rough set theory. Finally, the model was tested and trained to get the best result. The study shows that triangular membership function based on rough set rules obtains 89% whereas expert driven rules gains about 78% of accuracy rates. The sensitivity using expert rules is 98.24% whereas rough set rules obtained 93.94%. Specificity for using expert rules and rough set rules are 73.33%, 84.34% consecutively. Conclusion: Based on statistical analysis, the model which employed rules generated automatically by rough set theory fared better in comparison to the model using rules given by the experts.
Protein interference for regulation of gene expression in plants
Authors: Vyacheslavova A. O. , Abdeeva I. A. , Piruzian E. S. , Bruskin S. A.
Published: November 2018

Transcription factors (TFs) play a central role in the gene regulation associated with a plant's development and its response to the environmental factors. The work of TFs is well regulated at each stage of their activities. TFs usually consist of three protein domains required for DNA binding, dimerization, and transcriptional regulation. Alternative splicing (AS) produces multiple proteins with varying composition of domains. Recent studies have shown that AS of some TF genes form small proteins (small interfering peptide/small interfering protein, siPEP/siPRoT), which lack one or more domains and negatively regulate target TFs by the mechanism of protein interference (peptide interference/protein interference, PEPi/PROTi). The presence of an alternative form for the transcription factor CCA1 of Arabidopsis thaliana, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of the response to cold stress. For the PtFLC protein, one of the isoforms was found, which is formed as a result of alternative splicing and acts as a negative repressor, binding to the full-length TF PtFLC and therefore regulating the development of the Poncirus trifoliata. For A. thaliana, a FLM gene was found forming the FLM-б isoform, which acts as a dominant negative regulator and stimulates the development of the flower formation process due to the formation of a heterodimer with SVP TF. Small interfering peptides and proteins can actively participate in the regulation of gene expression, for example, in situations of stress or at different stages of plant development. Moreover, small interfering peptides and proteins can be used as a tool for fundamental research on the function of genes as well as for applied research for permanent or temporary knockout of genes. In this review, we have demonstrated recent studies related to siPEP/siPROT and their involvement in the response to various stresses, as well as possible ways to obtain small proteins.
Cereal inflorescence: features of morphology, development and genetic regulation of morphogenesis
Authors: Dobrovolskaya O. B. , Dresvyannikova A. E.
Published: November 2018

Cereals (Poaceae Barnh.) are the largest family of monocotyledonous flowering plants growing on all continents and constituting a significant part of Earth's many ecological communities. The Poaceae includes many important crops, such as rice, maize, wheat, barley, and rye. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of cereal inflorescences are directly related to yield and are determined by the features of inflorescence development. This review considers modern concepts of the morphology, development and genetic mechanisms regulating the cereal inflorescence development. A common feature of cereal inflorescences is a spikelet, a reduced branch that bears florets with a similar structure and common scheme of development in all cereals. The length and the structure of the main axis, the presence and type of lateral branches cause a great variety of cereal inflorescences. Complex cereal inflorescences are formed from meristems of several types. The transition from the activity of one meristem to another is a multi-step process. The genes involved in the control of the cereal inflorescence development have been identified using mutants (mainly maize and rice) with altered inflorescence and floret morphology; most of these genes regulate the initiation and fate of meristems. The presence of some genetic mechanisms in cereals confirms the models previously discovered in dicotyledonous plants; on the other hand, there are cereal-specific developmental processes that are controlled by new modules of genetic regulation, in particular, associated with the formation of a branched inflorescence. An important aspect is the presence of quantitative variability of traits under the control of developmental genes, which is a prerequisite for the use of weak alleles contributing to the variability of plant growth and yield in breeding programs (for example, genes of the CLAVATA signaling pathway).
Concept of producing of the Russian national system of functional food
Authors: Fotev Yu. V. , Pivovarov V. F. , Artemyeva A. M. , Kulikov I. M. , Goncharova Y. K. , Syso А. I. , Goncharov N. P.
Published: November 2018

Statistics show negative forecasts of the demographic indicators of the Russian population including their size and health. The human habitat which has been deteriorating in recent decades causes cardinal changes in the assortment and variety of food and significantly contributes to the reduction of their biological value. The depletion of food products (FP) of vegetable and animal origin in vital mineral elements, vitamins and other physiologically active components represents a serious long-term threat to human health and the national security. Industrial methods of enriching FP have certain limitations: a narrow set of micronutrients, their interaction among themselves and accessibility for not all groups of the population. One way to reduce the negative consequences is through the introduction and breeding of new for Russia species and varieties of agricultural plants and organize a mass production of functional foods (FF) that contribute to the prevention and/or suspension of the development of dangerous diseases and slowing down the aging process. The solution of this multifaceted problem lies in changing the consumption structure of foods and their chemical composition conditioned by both the assortment of grown plant species and cultivars of food plants, as well as the composition and quality of soils, fertilizers and the conditions for crop cultivation. Taking into account the prevailing demographic situation in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to create a comprehensive national program for the allocation of new high-content sources of FF ingredients based on traditional and underutilized crops, cultivars and forms of cereal, vegetable and fruit crops and their inclusion in agricultural production as well as existing and newly created technological processes in food industry. The advantages of creating and developing a national system of the functional food in Russia will be: the improvement of public health and life expectancy, the reduction of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund expenditures and the development of business structures involved in the production of the FF.
Sources for the breeding of soft spring wheat in the conditions of Novosibirsk region
Authors: Piskarev V. V. , Zuev E. V. , Brykova A. N.
Published: November 2018

The sources were identified among collection samples characterized by highly pronounced economic and valuable features, which allows new geographically remote source material to be taken to the regional breeding practices. This research aims to assess the agronomic traits (duration of the growing period, lodging resistance and plant height, 1000-grain weight, grain weight and yield) in soft spring wheat varieties of different ecological and geographical origin. Estimation was carried out by a 9-point system of expression of the trait during the study, which allows identifying samples with the greatest expression of the trait in the years of study with respect to the average experience. 5439 samples have been studied over 28 years, with 1106 of them, over two years or more. The study was carried out according to the methods of VIR on plots of 2 m2. It was shown that the samples mainly had no correlation between the yield and the duration of the growing period, while the average dependence (г = 0.6) was revealed between the yield and the height of the plants. Varieties forming the intermediate (4.5-5 points) and above average (6-7) yield in a short growing period (69-85 days) were identified (Lutescens 675, Irkut-skaya 49, Simbirca, Hybrid F3 S-141, Hybrid F4, Hybrid F3 S-289 and Hybrid F4 S-2300 and Pamyati Vavenko-va). A high average score (8.6-9) at 1000 grains weight was shown for 16 varieties with variation from 37 g (N43 and IAO-9) to 56 g (Hofed 1). A high average score (8-9) in the evaluation of grain weight was shown for Pamyati Leont'eva, Ekada 70, Simbirtsit, Don Jose, Yong-Liang 4 and Long-Mai 11, which formed ears with an average weight from 0.96 to 2.30 g. A consistently high score (9) reflecting the yield was in the varieties Condestavel, PF 843025, Prilenskaya 19, Pamyati Leont'eva, Omskaya Krasa.
Analysis of strawberry genetic collection (Fragaria L.) for Rca2 and Rpfl genes with molecular markers
Authors: Luk’yanchuk I. V. , Lyzhin A. S. , Kozlova I. I.
Published: November 2018

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) varieties are susceptible to many fungal diseases. Identification of forms, carrying resistance genes, is an important stage in breeding programs leading to resistant varieties. The use of molecular markers allows to determine with high reliability the presence of the necessary genes in the genome and to identify promising forms. Some of the common strawberry's diseases, causing significant damage to strawberry plantations, are anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds) and red stele root rot (Phytophthora fragariae var. fragariae Hickman). Dominant Rca2 gene is involved in monogenic resistance to C. acutatum pathogenicity group 2. Rpf1, Rpf2, Rpf3 genes are determined in monogenic resistance to red stele root rot. The purpose of this study was molecular genetic testing genotypes of genus Fragaria L. to identify carriers of Rca2 allele anthracnose resistance and Rpf1 allele red stele root rot resistance. The objects of study were the wild species of the genus Fragaria L. and strawberry varieties (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) of different ecological and geographic origin. To assess allelic state Rca2 anthracnose resistance gene the dominant SCAR marker STS-Rca2_240 was used, was linked to the resistance gene Rca2 with a genetic distance of 2.8 cM. Rpf1 gene red stele root rot resistance was identified with the dominant SCAR marker R1A, was linked to the resistance gene Rpf1 with a genetic distance of 3.0 cM. The resistant allele of the marker STS-Rca2_240 was identified in the Laetitia variety (Rca2Rca2 or Rca2rca2 genotype), which allows us to recommend it as a promising source in breeding for anthracnose resistance. The other studied forms have homozygous recessive state of the marker STS-Rca2_240 (putative genotype rca2rca2). The resistant allele of the marker SCAR-R1A in the varieties and wild species of strawberry under study is absent, which presumably indicates their homozygous recessive genotype of Rpf1 gene (rpf1rpf1).
Variation of fatty acid composition in seed oil in the collection of induced oil flax (Linum humile Mill.) mutants
Authors: Tigova A. V. , Soroka A. I.
Published: November 2018

A wide variety of application fields for flax seeds requires for breeders to develop new varieties with different characteristics, corresponding to the intended final product. The method of experimental mutagenesis is one of the ways to solve this problem. This method allows mutant lines with an array of morphometric and biochemical traits to be created from a single species and within a relatively short period of time. The article demonstrates that treatment of Linum humile Mill. seeds of the cultivars Iceberg and Solnech-ny with the new chemical mutagens DG-2, DG-6, DG-7, DG-9 (derivatives of dimethyl sulfate (DMS)) as well as with the mutagens DMS and EMS resulted in the production of mutant lines and accessions with altered morphometric and biochemical parameters. Seeds of the initial cultivars were treated with 0.5 and 0.05 % aqueous solutions of the above mentioned substances and planted in the field to raise M1, M2, and M3generations. Ultimately, 27 types of mutations were identified and subdivided into five groups by morphometric characteristics. The fatty acid composition of seed oil for the isolated mutant specimens was studied: the content of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic (w6) and lino-lenic (w3) acids, as well as the w6/w3 ratio. The statistical analysis showed significant distinctions between the mutant lines in the biochemical composition of the oil. A strong negative correlation between the content of linoleic and linolenic acids was demonstrated, as well as a positive relationship of average strength between the content of stearic and oleic acids for the both varieties. The mutant accessions obtained can be used as donor material for conducting breeding work on flax in various directions.
Allelic and epigenetic DNA variation in relation to F1 heterosis manifestation in F1 hybrids of Capsicum annuum L.
Authors: Shapturenko M. N. , Vakula S. V. , Tarutina L. A. , Nikitinskaya T. V. , Pechkovskaya T. V. , Mishin L. A. , Khotyleva L. V.
Published: November 2018

Managing F1heterosis is one of the major objectives in hybrid crop breeding programs. The classical theory considers the heterozygosity in F1hybrids to be the main factor contributing to heterosis and therefore presumes a linear relationship between the value of genetic polymorphisms in parental lines and the heterotic response of their F1offspring. Therefore, the genetic diversity information is viewed as a tool for selection of promising cross-combinations, but results published by different researchers are inconsistent. In this work, we studied the contributions of structural and nonstructural DNA polymorphisms to F1heterosis manifestation. We used SSR and methyl-sensitive AFLP (MSAP with HpaII and MspI izoshisomers) protocols for obtaining specific patterns for heterotic and nonheterotic F1hybrids of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) from a Belarusian breeding program. We found out that a certain portion of heterosis for yield-related traits might be explained by the polymorphism revealed by SSR analysis. According to our data, the total number of polymorphic SSR loci and the ratio of polymorphic and nonpolymorphic loci demonstrate a significant predictive value and can serve as additional prognostic criteria for the selection of promising cross-combinations. From the MSAP assay, we found a relationship between heterosis and the numbers of methylated and nonmethylated DNA loci for yield traits. Our results indicate that cross-hybridization may favor epiallelic modifications in F1hybrids, presumably responsible for heterosis. Thus, epigenetic DNA variation may explain the absence of a linear relationship between the level of structural DNA divergence and F1heterosis, as well as the manifestation of heterosis in crosses of related (genetically similar) accessions.
Studyng the effects of Cantharellus cibarius fungi on Opisthorchis felineus trematode and on parasite host - C57BL/6 inbred mice
Authors: Tsyganov M. A. , Vishnevetskaya G. B. , Kukina T. P. , Sorokina I. V. , Lvova M. N. , Protsenko M. A. , Kostina N. E. , Avgustinovich D. F.
Published: November 2018

Opisthorchiasis is a dangerous parasitic disease caused by trematodes in the family Opisthorchiidae. One of the causes of this infection is the species Opisthorchis felineus, which is common in the Russian Federation and Western Europe. The disease has a large number of complications and relatively few effective treatments, so nowadays it is relevant to look for new drugs for the treatment of opisthorchiasis, with the maximum antiparasitic and minimal side effect. In this work, a potentially anthelmintic effect of the methanol extract of the golden chanterelle mushroom (Cantharellus cibarius) was investigated. In in vitro experiments, the significantly reduced mobility and survival rates of juvenile O. felineus specimens with increasing concentrations (10-1000 pg/ml) of the C. cibarius extract were shown. In in vivo studies, administration of the C. cibarius extract on the first day after parasitic infection of inbred C57BL/6 mice resulted in a decrease of the number of helminths in the bile ducts of the liver, evaluated 6 weeks after infection. In another series of experiments, administration of the C. cibarius extract for 7 days to mice infected with O. felineus for five weeks had no anthelmintic effect. In both cases, the state of the infected hosts, evaluated by a number of physiological and biochemical parameters (relative weight of organs, blood indices), did not deteriorate, indicating that there was no adverse effect of the C. cibarius extract. The results obtained suggest that the C. cibarius extract might have anthelmintic properties if applied as parasite larvae excyst.
The role of VNTR aggrecan gene polymorphism in the development of osteoarthritis in women
Authors: Shapovalova D. A. , Tyurin A. V. , Litvinov S. S. , Khusnutdinova E. K. , Khusainova R. I.
Published: November 2018

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common multifactorial joint disease. Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (uCTD) is a genetically determined lesion of the connective tissue structures, including joints, and it can be one of the factors predisposing to development of OA. Solving the problem of comorbidity of OA and uCTD signs will contribute to the early diagnosis and prophylactics of OA. Aggrecan is one of the major structural components of cartilage and it provides the ability to resist compressive loads throughout life. We examined 316 women (mean age 50.5 ± 4.77) for signs of uCTD and OA. A study of the aggrecan gene (ACAN) VNTR polymorphism, which is represented by a variable number of 57 nucleotide repeats, was performed. We searched for associations between the VNTR locus and OA in general and with an account of the localization of the pathological process, as well as with the presence of uCTD signs. Twelve allelic variants and 24 genotypes of the VNTR polymorphism of the aggrecan gene (ACAN) were identified, the most frequent variants were alleles with 27, 28 and 26 repeats. A significance of allele *27 (х2= 6.297, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR) = 1.50; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.09-2.05) in the development of OA in general, knee OA (х2= 4.613, p = 0.031, OR = 1.52; 95 % CI 1.04-2.23), and multiple OA (х2= 4.181, p = 0.04, OR = 1.68; 95 % CI 1.02-2.78) was revealed. Homozygous genotype *27*27 was associated with OA (х2= 3.921, р = 0.047, OR = 1.72; 95 % CI 1-2.96), and OA with uCTD signs in women (х2= 5.415, p = 0.019, OR = 2.34; 95 % CI 1.13-4.83).
Identification of alterations in the nucleotide sequence of the chromatin remodeling gene PBRM1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Klimentova E. A. , Gilyazova I. R. , Izmailov A. A. , Sultanov I. M. , Bermisheva M. A. , Pavlov V. N. , Khusnutdinova E. K.
Published: November 2018

Kidney cancer is a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors, the vast majority of which are renal cell carcinomas (RCC) of various morphological types, of which the most common is the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Particular attention in the carcinogenesis of the ccRCC is given to a number of tumor suppressor genes located on the short arm of the third chromosome. One of these genes, which are inactivated in the case of ccRCC is the PBRM1 gene encoding the PBAF SWI/SNF subunit of the chromatin remodeling complex, BAF180. The PBRM1 gene is located on the short arm of the third chromosome in the 3p21 region near the von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL), the mutation in which is the main event in the occurrence of ccRCC. The aim of our investigation is identification of changes in the nucleotide sequence of the PBRM1 tumor suppressor gene in patients with ccRCC. 210 pairs of DNA samples isolated from ccRCC tissue were studied. Analysis of changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA was carried out by HRM analysis and direct sequencing. In the PBRM1 gene, two somatic mutations were found (c.233G>A (p.D45N) in exon 2, c.1675-1676delTC in exon 15) which were not described previously, and one known polymorphic variant rs17264436 (in exon 23). The frequency of detected mutations was 0.95 % of cases. Analysis of the allelic association for the polymorphic locus rs17264436 showed a statistically significant increase in the risk of developing advanced kidney cancer in carriers of allele rs17264436*A, which can be used in the development of prognostic marker panels. Perhaps the low frequency of mutations in the samples we studied is due to the fact that the inactivation of the PBRM1 gene takes place in other ways, and may also be due to the ethno-specificity of the studied group of patients.
Genetic mechanisms of the influence of light and phototransduction on Drosophila melanogaster lifespan
Authors: Solovev I. A. , Shaposhnikov M. V. , Moskalev A. A.
Published: November 2018

The light of the visible spectrum (with wavelengths of 380-780 nm) is one of the fundamental abiotic factors to which organisms have been adapting since the start of biological evolution on the Earth. Numerous literature sources establish a connection between the duration of exposure to daylight, carcinogenesis and longevity, convincingly showing a significant reduction in the incidence of cancer in blind people, as well as in animal models. On the other hand, the stimulating nature of the effect of continuous illumination on reproductive function was noted, in particular, the effects of increasing the fecundity of females of various species are known. Increase in motor activity and, as a result, in metabolic rate and thermogenesis during permanent exposure to light also reduces the body's energy reserves and lifespan. In principle, in the context of aging, not only the exposure time, but also the age at the onset of exposure to constant illumination matter, the reverse effects are valid for the maintenance of experimental animals in the constant darkness. Over the long period of the evolution of light signal transduction systems, many mechanisms have emerged that allow to form an adequate response of the organism to illumination, modulating the highly conservative signaling cascades, including those associated with aging and lifespan (FOXO, SIRT1, NF-kB, mTOR/S6k, PPARa, etc). In this review, we consider the relationship between lifespan, photoregimens, and also the expression of the genes encoding the phototransduction cascade and the circadian oscillator elements of animal cells. In the present paper, basic transducers of light and other signals, such as the family of TRP receptors, G proteins, phospholipase C, and others, are considered in the context of aging and longevity. A relationship between the mechanisms of thermoreception, the temperature synchronization of the circadian oscillator and the life span is established in the review. Analysis of experimental data obtained from the Drosophila melano-gaster model allowed us to formulate the hypothesis of age-dependent photoresistance - a gradual decrease in the expression of genes associated with phototransduction and circadian oscillators, leading to deterioration in the ability to adapt to the photoregimen and to the increase in the rate of aging.
Genetic variation of the nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin associated with retrotransposon Tv1 insertions in Drosophila species of the virilis group
Authors: Andrianov B. V. , Romanov D. A. , Gorelova T. V.
Published: November 2018

Mitochondrial DNA sequences integrated into chromosomes are a promising object for designing genetic markers for studies of phylogenesis and genomic instability. Mitochondrial genomes of D. virilis and other Drosophila species of the virilis group contain (AT)nmicrosatellites in the spacer region between the atp6 and cox3 genes, and this microsatellite sequence is one of the hallmarks of the virilis group. The nuclear genome of D. virilis contains many extended fragments of mitochondrial DNA, which in total are several times longer than the mitochondrial genome. These nuclear sequences of mitochondrial origin contain all types of mitochondrial sequences, including mitochondrial genes and the aforementioned microsatellite sequence. The presence of the (AT)nmicrosatellite allows insertion of retrotransposon Tv1, which can transpose into the (AT)n microsatellite in a site-specific manner. The Tv1 insertion into (AT)n, close to the atp6 or cox3 pseudogenes produces a unique sequence. This sequence is formed by retrotransposon Tv1 and pseudogenes atp6 or cox3. This unique sequence can be detected in the genome by a PCR-based method. We applied this method to the detection and analysis of the nucleotide variability of the pseudogenes atp6 and cox3 associated with Tv1 insertions in a D. virilis cell culture and in the genomes of four Drosophila species of the virilis group: D. virilis, D. montana, D. borealis, and D. lacicola. We discovered new events of mitochondrial sequence transfer to the nucleus in the transplanted cell culture of D. virilis, and new Tv1 insertions, having emerged during the passage of this cell line were detected in the genome of the D. virilis transplanted cell culture. We found atp6 and cox3 pseudogenes associated with insertions of retrotransposon Tv1 in the nuclear genomes of four Drosophila species from the virilis group. These chimeric sequences proved to be species-specific. The age of the Tv1 insertion into the atp6 and cox3 pseudogenes is estimated at 1.50 Ma for D. virilis, 1.31 Ma for D. lacicola, and 1.56 Ma for D. borealis. A specific situation was revealed for D. montana, in which Tv1 insertions with nearly identical 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (LTRs) were present in accessions of flies from Europe and Asia. The age of this insertion was about 300 thousand years, and the insertion was absent from the D. montana fly line from North America.
Reconstructing the genetic structure of the Kazakh from clan distribution data
Authors: Zhabagin M. K. , Balanovsky О. Е. , Sabitov Zh. M. , Temirgaliyev A. Z. , Agdzhoyan A. T. , Koshel S. M. , Ramankulov Е. М. , Balanovska E. V.
Published: November 2018

Applying quasigenetic markers - non-biological traits which are nevertheless inherited in generations - is one of the research fields within human population genetics. For the West European, East European, and Caucasus populations, surnames are typical quasigenetic markers. For Central Asian populations, particularly Kazakh, the clan affiliation serves as a good marker: a set of papers demonstrated that many clans include mainly persons which biologically descent from a recent common ancestor. In this study, we analyzed a large (~4.2 million persons) dataset on quasigenetic markers - the geographic distribution of 50 Kazakh clans at the beginning of the 20th century, and compared the dataset with the direct data of the Y-chro-mosomal diversity in modern Kazakh populations. The analysis included three steps: the isonymy method, which is standard for quasigenetic markers, comparing frequencies of quasigenetic markers, and comparing the quasigenetic and genetic datasets. We constructed 50 maps of frequency of the distribution of each clan and revealed that these maps correlate with the maps of genetic distances. The Mantel test also demonstrated a significant correlation between geographic and quasigenetic distances (г = 0.60; p < 0.05). The analysis of inter-population variability revealed the largest diversity between geographic territories corresponding to the social-territorial groups of the Kazakh Khanate (zhuzes) rather than to other historical groups that existed on the territory of Kazakhstan in preceding and modern epochs. The same is evidenced by the principal components and multidimensional scaling plots, which grouped geographic populations into three clusters corresponding to three zhuzes. This indicates that the final structuring of the Kazakh gene pool might have occurred during the Kazakh Khanate period.
A modified procedure for the evaluation of the amylose and amylopectin content in potato starch
Authors: Khoroshavin Yu. A. , Khlestkin V. K.
Published: November 2018

The article is devoted to the development of a technique for determining the content of amylose and amylopectin, effective for potato starch. Since potato starch is an important renewable raw material for a number of industries, it is important to have a throughput approach that allows potato starch samples to be tested quickly for the content of its constituent polysaccharides for potato breeding for starch properties and for starch industrial application. The developed technique includes elements of previously disjointed procedures for dissolution and spectrophotometric determination of amylose in starch, and combines the following advantages: 1) starch samples dissolve in an organic solvent (0.5 % solution of lithium bromide in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMS)); 2) measurement of light absorption is performed at two wavelengths, 550 and 510 nm, and 3) the technique is adapted for use with a plate spectrophotometer. This procedure allows starch polysaccharides to avoid to avoid hydrolysis during dissolution, allows the precise spectrophotometric determination of the concentration of amylose complex with iodine in solution, and opens the possibility of using this technique for throughput phenotyping. Applying a certain dissolution procedure, it is also possible to avoid the formation of gelled starch clots in solutions for spectrophotometry, which is important for the preparation of solutions containing amylose and amylopectin in the same proportions as in the original starch. The technique was tested on starch isolated from potato tubers varieties Lina, Velikan, Golubizna, Favorit of domestic selection. The technique developed can be used for phenotyping starch of an extended set of potato varieties (determining the content and composition of amylose in potato starch samples) to identify "trait-genotype” associations.
An analytic study on the overview of trainees of short and long days youth training programme on education process of Krishi Vigyan Kendra
Authors: Gaur Supriya Singh , Singh D.V. , Singh Gitam
Published: November 2018

The data of this research work is given by secondary sources. In this study, we have analysed the introduction of Krishi Vigyan Kendra and an overview of trainees about short and long days youth training programme on education process of Krishi Vigyan Kendra. It is clear from 96.39% good openion of short days youth trainees for the lesson plan was feaseable to the trainees. 98.80% trainees of short day’s trainings were agreed with organizing of training programme. It is the indication of positive response of trainees. All female trainees were 100% agree with the education process of Krishi Vigyan Kendra. 99.10% was positive response for the good progress of the cource. For the lesson plane preparation and learning and reading method 98.80% and 98.49% were positive response. 99.70% trainees were agreed with the facielity of training rooms. 99.10% trainees were agreed with the resources and material of learning. 86.76 trainees of long day’s trainings were agreed with education process of Krishi Vigyan Kendra. 89.70% female trainees of log day’s trainings were agreed with the feasibility of lesson plane. 92.65% trainees of long day’s trainings were agreed with good organizing days. 91.18% trainees of long day’s trainings were agreed with attandence level of trainees and 88.24% for the progress of the cource.
Graphical analysis (Wr- Vr) and study of genetic ratio in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus.)
Authors: Singh Mamta , Verma S.K.
Published: November 2018

Graphical analysis was performed in 8 lentil genotypes crossed in a half diallel manner. The analysis revealed over-dominance for the traits under study. PL 6 had maximum concentration of dominant alleles for seeds/pod, pods/plant, plant height, and days to maturity. For 100 seed weight, days to 50% flowering and primary branches/plant parent PL 7 had maximum concentration of dominant alleles. For pods/cluster and days to maturity parent 6 had maximum concentration of dominant alleles. Use of such superior cultivars with greater proportions of dominant alleles can be focused focus for development of hybrids in lentil breeding programme. Thus hybridizing parent PL 6, PL 7 and L 4188 with other lines are suggested to yield superior crosses. Hayman’s genetic ratios also confirmed the major contribution of non-additive component in governing traits.
Experiments with mixtures
Authors: Dash Sukanta , Kumar Anil , Mandal B.N. , Lal Krishan , Kumar Devender
Published: November 2018

The designs for mixture experiments have been extensively used in agricultural/ industrial experiments. Some of the situations in which these designs could be advantageously used are: split application of fertilizers, intercropping experiments where the interest of experimenter is to find best crop mixtures, sensory evaluation experiments for making the agricultural and animal products, preparation of fertilizers, insecticides/ pesticides mixtures for optimum response, feeding trials in animal nutritional experiments. Mixture experiments can be used in with unrestricted region, with restricted region having upper and/or lower bounds, with process variable(s).
Microsatellites for coriander crop: A cross species amplification
Authors: Choudhary Sharda
Published: November 2018

Development of microsatellites (Simple Sequence Repeats) is an expensive and time consuming process for new crop like coriander, but this can be easily achieved by transferring the microsatellite loci from the same family/genus/species which is a cost-effective approach for development of microsatellites in lesser studied crops like coriander. For cross-species investigation presently carrot and celery microsatellites are available on the public domain. We examined the transferability of hundred carrot (Daucuscarota) microsatellite loci to coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Thirty nine percent primer (39/100) amplified for coriander. Out of 39 microsatellites loci, 35 primers were monomorphic and specific to carrot primers, showing approximately the same size of microsatellites loci as reported for carrot. Four SSRs were polymorphic; seven primer pairs were non-specific which were deviating for band size from the source of microsatellites. These microsatellites markers should provide a powerful tool for coriander breeding and genetics.
A Modification and development of threshing unit for minor millets
Authors: Chaturvedi Shalini , Rathore Falguni , Pandey Shantanu
Published: November 2018

Minor millets are small sized cereal grains belonging to the family Poaceae (Gramineae) are grown mainly in America, Japan, China and India. In India minor millet grown are finger millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet and little millet. Threshing is based on the principle that, some impact is given on crops, the grains are separated from panicles, cobs and pods. The performance of the threshing unit with development of five different shapes of pegs for threshing small millet. small millet thresher was tested at two different speed 712 rpm and 1068 rpm. The highest threshing efficiency with disc shape peg of 99.57 % cleaning efficiency 98.64 % output capacity 19.68 kg/ha was observed. In disc shape peg seed damage negalible. The cost of operation was also minimum. On the basis of above the disc type pe is recommended for minor millet.
Trend free designs under two source of heterogeneity useful for Animal Experiments
Authors: Bhowmik Arpan , Jaggi Seema , Varghese Eldho , Yadav Sunil Kumar , Harun Mohd. , Varghese Cini , Datta Anindita , Singh Udaivir
Published: November 2018

In any scientific experiments, heterogeneitymay present either in one direction or may be more than one directions. Designs under two source of heterogeneity is mainly used for such situations where there are evidences of two-source of heterogeneity. In this article, we have discussed some aspects of designs under two-source of heterogeneity along with examples of trend free designs for such situations.
A study on the current situation of Sarus crane in Faridpur tehsil of Bareilly District of Uttar Praedesh
Authors: Tomar Virat Singh
Published: November 2018

This study was done in the Faridpur Tehsil of Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh during 2017 to know the actual situation including the current GPS readings of the Sarus crane. Under this, 14 villages of Faridpur Tehsil were found to have 80 sarus crane in which 9 breeding pairs were involved of the 9 nests, two-two eggs were presented in 7 nests. In this Tehsil, bird was found to be prectcing and making nests in wetlands, agricultural lands, ponds and near the rivers. There is a need to conduct scientific studies and awarness campaigns about the Sarus crane protection in this matter.
A Methodology and a Tool for Execution ofWorkflows in Grids
Authors: Ortega Jimmy , Naranjo Sergio , Hernández Emilio
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a working methodology and a complementary interactive tool, calledJobDag, for execution of commands on files selected from a working area. Workflows basedon DAGs (Directed Acyclic Graphs) can be specified using JobDag, for deferred executionon remote platforms such as clusters or grids. We have used the package SU (Seismic Unix)for testing JobDag, and we defined the object types this package accepts and the commandsthat apply on these objects, normally contained in files
Estimation of Distribution Algorithms: Applications to the Design of Process Sensor Networks
Authors: Carnero Mercedes , Hernández José Luis , Sánchez Mabel
Published: November 2018

The optimal location of sensors involves the selection of type, number and location of sensorsfrom a set of available instruments with certain values of cost, precision and reliability. Theoptimal design not only satisfies economic criteria, but also some requirements on the qualityof key variable estimates. In this work, a methodology for solving the sensor network designproblem based on Estimation of Distribution Algorithms is presented. These algorithms areincluded in the Evolutionary Computation paradigm and substitute the probability distributionestimation of a population composed by potential solutions and its subsequent sampling forthe use of the classic crossover and mutation operators. The performance of the new strategyis evaluated and compared with that provided by other evolutionary techniques for the case ofa steam metering network of a methanol synthesis plant.
Estimation Models Generation using Linear Genetic Programming
Authors: Martínez Canillas Javier , Sánchez Roberto , Barán Benjamín
Published: November 2018

The use of decision rules and estimation techniques is increasingly common for decision mak-ing. In recent years studies were conducted which applies Genetic Programming (GP) to obtainrules to make predictions. A new branch in the area of Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) is LinearGenetic Programming (LGP). LGP evolves instructions sequences of an imperative programminglanguage. This paper proposes estimation models generation for time series forecasting using LGP.The forecasting result for the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the price of soybeans per ton showsthe potential of this new proposal.
Integration of Flight Simulators and Geographic Databases
Authors: Diehl Alexandra , Abbate Horacio , Delrieux Claudio , Gambini Juliana
Published: November 2018

This work proposes the integration of geographical databases and topographic environment models within current flight simulators technology. This process requires the definition of standard interfaces to integrate different geographical data sources in the topographic environment model, then the visualization and edition of the topographic environment, and finally the preparation of the scene for the flight simulator.The combined use of geographical databases and the emerging GPU computational power provides an opportunity to develop interactive applications that use massive geospatial data. This allows the visualization of geospatial databases in real time using low cost desktop computers.