bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Procedimientos neológicos en el léxico disponible de español como lengua materna y como lengua extranjera
Authors: García Florentino Paredes , Gallego Diego Gallego
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo analiza los procedimientos de creación neológica que se recogen en los trabajos de disponibilidad léxica realizados en la Comunidad de Madrid a hablantes nativos (Paredes, Guerra y Gómez, en preparación) y a hablantes de español como lengua extranjera (Gallego, 2014). Los resultados muestran que, aunque en ambos grupos el neologismo surge básicamente a partir de las posibilidades que ofrece la lengua española, existen notables diferencias intergrupales en los mecanismos que se emplean y, sobre todo, en las funciones que cumple el neologismo. Por otra parte, el análisis de los recursos neológicos en LE permite acercarse al conocimiento del modo en que opera la interlengua de los aprendices.
A propósito de las redes semánticas en el léxico disponible de escolares de primero de Educación Primaria
Authors: Gómez Devís M.ª Begoña
Published: February 2019

La presente contribución atiende al estudio del léxico disponible generado en encuestas orales de 55 escolares de primer curso (6-7 años) de Educación Primaria de Valencia en el centro de interés “Animales”. El propósito de esta contribución tiene dos polos, de un lado, abordar la configuración del corpus de léxico disponible aplicando otro instrumento de análisis, DispoGrafo, capaz de mostrar con gran detalle aspectos tan esenciales como el tipo y cantidad de asociaciones activadas entre las unidades actualizadas junto a la conformación de categorías y subcategorías semánticas en distintas áreas nocionales. En el otro, presentar en el marco de la disponibilidad léxica una nueva realidad que permita investigar cuestiones metodológicas y análisis de resultados en los repertorios orales, así como el estudio de posibles rasgos significativos en la configuración del léxico disponible en edades tempranas
La disponibilidad léxica en el Diccionario de onubensismos para la enseñanza de ELE
Authors: Galloso Camacho M.ª Victoria , Martín Camacho Montemayor
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo surge a partir del estudio de léxico disponible de Huelva, nivel preuniversitario, realizado por Prado y Galloso (2005), en el marco del Proyecto Panhispánico de Disponibilidad Léxica, en cuyo corpus se localizaron un considerable número de onubensismos (entendidos como palabras que tienen una significación especial en Huelva, siendo así interpretado el concepto a la manera de Alvar en su Diccionario de madrileñismos, 2011). La metodología de la disponibilidad léxica permite recopilar voces de aquellos lugares en los que se realiza el estudio. En este sentido, nos planteamos la importancia que estas palabras propias de Huelva, que tienen el empleo en Huelva, o que hacen referencia a las realidades de Huelva, tienen para la enseñanza del español en esta área geográfica. Merecen especialmente nuestra atención aquellos vocablos que hacen referencia a palabras no recogidas en el Diccionario de la Real Academia Española, considerados, por tanto, no normativos en base a la norma hispana actual, y sin embargo, reflejos de realidades imprescindibles en el entorno geográfico en el que han aparecido.
El perfil léxico del manual de ELE Español Moderno 1 desde la óptica de la disponibilidad léxica: posibles mejoras para la selección del vocabulario
Authors: Gallardo Matías Hidalgo
Published: February 2019

El interés por la enseñanza del léxico se ha revitalizado en los últimos años, al igual que la preocupación por su selección. En este trabajo pretendemos dejar constancia de ello a través de un análisis del vocabulario incluido en el manual de ELE de nivel inicial más empleado en China (Español Moderno1) desde la óptica de la disponibilidad léxica. Para ello, a partir de diferentes parámetros (riqueza, recurrencia, productividad y densidad léxicas), realizamos una comparación entre el contenido léxico de dicho manual y el léxico disponible de nativos hispanohablantes, que representa un ideal de vocabulario temático. No obstante, hemos añadido un tercer elemento de cotejo: el léxico disponible de estudiantes sinohablantes de ELE —que son usuarios directos de este libro de texto—, para así poder determinar cuáles son las necesidades léxicas de los discentes y, por ende, saber con mayor precisión qué vocabulario añadir, suprimir o modificar. Los resultados revelan notables deficiencias del manual en la selección y presentación cualitativas y cuantitativas del vocabulario, de manera que hay margen para mejorar el aducto léxico al que están expuestos los aprendientes.
Map Construction Of Simple Sequence Repeat Developed For Introgression Philippine Downy Mildew Resistance Gene In Maize
Authors: Ruswandi D. , Hautea D. M. , Salazar A. M. , Lantican R. M. , Carpena A. L. , Raymundo A. D.
Published: February 2019

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) is an important DNA markers for mapping plant genomes particularly in mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL). To identify and map SSR markers for introgression resistance gene against Peronosclerospora philippinensis in maize, the parental materials (P 345 and Pi 23) together with 142 genotypes of BC1F1 of Pi 23 ×P 345 population were used. A total of 50 SSR markers were genotyped. However, only thirty-three markers were integrated into a molecular map together with RFLP and RGA markers. A molecular map of SSR was successfully constructed together with RFLP and RGA into 10 chromosomes. It covered a total map length of 1822 cM with an average distance of 18.22 cM between markers.
Components of Quantitative Resistance to Philippine Downy Mildew In Maize
Authors: Ruswandi D. , Raymundo A. D. , Lantican R. M. , Hautea D. M. , Salazar A. M. , Carpena A. L.
Published: February 2019

Resistance to Philippine downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) was observed in a BC1F2 population developed from a cross between the susceptible inbred line Pi 23 and the resistant inbred line P 345. Five components of resistance namely, disease incidence, disease severity, onset of systemic symptoms, the-area- underdisease-progress- curve (AUDPC), and rate of downy mildew development affected host resistance reactions. All components were significantly correlated. The adult plant resistant reaction was evident in resistant progenies showing prolonged onset of systemic symptoms. Transgressive segregation that exceeded the high and low parent values was also observed for all components of quantitative resistance to Philippine downy mildew.
Genotype x Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Several Yield Components Among Adapted Rice Cultivars in West Sumatra
Authors: Rasyad Aslim , Anhar Azwir
Published: February 2019

Genotype by environment (GE) interaction and genotype stability of a trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.) are very important for plant breeders in making decision regarding the development and evaluation of new cultivars as well as for farmers in selecting suitable cultivars to be planted for commercial purpose. Yield components including panicles number plant–1, number of grains panicle–1, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield of five locally adapted cultivars of rice were evaluated at three locations in West Sumatera. The data were used to determine GE interaction variance components and stability of the traits. There were significant effects of locations on yield and some yield components except number of panicles plant–1. The cultivars differed significantly in all yield components but not in grain yield. The influence of GE interaction was highly significant on all yield components and grain yield. The magnitude of GE interaction variance component was greater than that of location for all traits. These data suggested that genotypes performed differently among the locations and were not stable with respect to the locations, so that farmers should select a suitable cultivar to be grown in the area of production.
Design and Simulation Study of Active Baluns Circuits for WiMAX Applications
Authors: Gomez Frederick Ray I. , Hizon John Richard E. , De Leon Maria Theresa G.
Published: February 2019

The paper presents a design and simulation study of three active balun circuits implemented in a standard 90nm Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process namely: (1) common-source/drain active balun; (2) common-gate with common-source active balun; and (3) differential active balun.Â  The active balun designs are intended for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) applications operating at frequency 5.8GHz and with supply voltage of 1V.Â  Measurements are taken for parameters such as gain difference, phase difference, and noise figure.Â  All designs achieved gain difference of less than 0.23dB, phase difference of 180Â° Â± 7.1Â°, and noise figure of 7.2â€“9.85dB, which are comparable to previous designs and researches.Â  Low power consumption attained at the most 4.45mW.
Design of Two-Stage Fully-Differential Operational Transconductance Amplifier Using a Standard 0.35Âµm CMOS Process
Authors: Abaya Tanya Vanessa , Gomez Frederick Ray I.
Published: February 2019

The paper presents a design of a two-stage fully-differential operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) for a 10-bit 40-Msamples/s Nyquist rate analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using Â a standard 0.35Âµm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process.Â  A telescopic cascode topology is implemented as main stage, with common source amplifiers as output stage for the differential outputs. The open loop amplifier achieved a gain of 108dB, while the closed loop gain is at 12dB with settling time of less than 11ns for an accuracy of 0.5%.Â  Total output noise achieved is 63.4uVrms.Â  Loop unity gain bandwidth is 205MHz with phase margin of 77.6Â°. The design has a dynamic range of 88.3dB, and power consumption of 26.6mW from a 3V supply.
Strategi Peningkatan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Sekolah
Authors: Tyagita Brigitta Putri Atika , Iriani Ade
Published: February 2019

This study aimed to obtain a strategy to increase the pedagogic competence of teacher to improve school quality. Teacher pedagogy competencies are important to have so that the teacher can understand and direct students to learn well and appropriately, and can help students to actualize their potential. Pedagogy competence of teachers can improve the school quality because one of them seen from a professional teacher and good performance. The subject of this study: 1 principal, 1 vice principal, 6 teachers. The research data was taken through an interview, observation, and document study with source triangulation. Data analysis using SWOT to analyze internal and external factors. The results of the SWOT analysis shows that schools are in the SO or strength-opportunity quadrant, which supports aggressive strategies by utilizing the strengths and opportunities that schools have to improve teacher pedagogic competence. By optimizing the strength factor and the school opportunity, there are 6 strategic plans to increase the pedagogic competence of teachers by emphasizing cooperation among teachers, students and also parents. The strategic plan is to optimize the performance of leaders, optimize collaboration among teachers, the collaboration between teachers and students, optimize external support, optimize teacher pedagogical development, and improve teacher, student, and parent collaboration.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Mengenal Huruf Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Melalui Metode Bermain Dengan Media Kotak Pintar
Authors: Rahayuningsih Sheila Septiana , Soesilo Tritjahjo Danny , Kurniawan Mozes
Published: February 2019

This study aims to improve the ability to recognize letters through the method of playing with the smart box media for children aged 5-6 years in Sion Blora Kindergarten. The activities to identify letters using the smart box media is able to motivate children's interest to learn. This classroom action research was conducted in two cycles with three meetings in each cycle. The subjects of the study were 14 children aged 5-6 years. The data collection was done with interviews, observation, and documentation. The research instrument referred to Permendikbud (Regulation by the Minister of Education and Culture) Number 146 Year 2014. The observation was done with the assessment sheets, documentation, and interviews with the classroom teachers to determine the conditions and problems of children in the classroom, analyzed with a descriptive quantitative technique. The success indicator of this research is 90% for the average value. The results showed an increase in the average score from the pre-cycle of 14,29% to 60,71% in cycle I; up to 92.86% in cycle II. Thus, it can be said that the percentage of success reached ≥ 90%.
Pemanfaatan Rubrik Sebagai Instrumen Penilaian Alternatif
Authors: Tangkin Wiyun Philipus
Published: February 2019

This research aims at describing clearly about the contribution of using rubric as alternative assessment towards students learning motivation. This research was conducted at Dian Harapan Karawaci in grade IX junior high school. This is a descriptive qualitative research, the data collection uses interview, questionnaire, and documents. The interview involved five science teachers (who teach physics, biology, and chemistry) and 15 students of grade IX. The data in the form of questionnaire were gathered from teachers and students, analyzed by using statistic in order to obtain the percentage of answer from the teachers and students. It is concluded that the rubric of assessment has close relationship with students learning motivation. In its contribution, rubric as a means of assessment is able to motivate students learning.
Model Desain Pembelajaran Tematik Terpadu Kontekstual Untuk Meningkatkan Kebermaknaan Belajar Siswa SD
Authors: Mawardi Mawardi , Wardani Naniek Sulistya , Hardini Agustina Tyas Asri , Kristin Firosalia
Published: February 2019

This study aims to: 1) develop syntax of instructional contextual  integrated thematic design models to improve the meaningful learning of elementary students; 2) describe an validity models; and 3) describe the level of effectiveness of the model. This R&D research consists of a preliminary study, model designing and developing to be validated by experts, the model testing. The preliminary field testing involved 4 teachers and 57 elementary students participants. The main field testing  involved 8 teachers and 94 students. The research  instrument are questionnaires and test. This research findings are: 1) the model steps includes: a) setting a theme; b) adding sub-themes; c) the analysis of SKL, KI, KD and making indicators; d) the making of nets of sub-themes; e) developing syllabus; f) developing  RPP; g) compiling a fragment of the teacher's book; and h) developing fragments of student books; 2) the model validity level is in the very high category (86%), the syllabus and lesson plans and the material are in the high category (69.8%; 69%); and 3) the meaningfulness of student learning has increased, namely in the preliminary field test increased from 49.49 in pretest to 69.44 in post-test, and in the broad field test, the value increased greater than 47.98 to 70.43. The statistical test using the t-test ensures that the increase is significant, because the probability value (0.00) is smaller than the value of α = 0.05.
Experimental Study of Multi-Ribbed One-Way Composite Slabs Made of Steel Fibre, Foam, and Normal Concrete
Authors: Wang Yabo , Liu H. T. , Dou G. F. , Xi C. H. , Qian L.
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to study the effect of reinforcement configuration (steel fibre and rebar) on the mechanical performance of composite slabs of the same total steel contents. We manufactured four pieces of fullscale multi-ribbed composite prefabricated slabs with different reinforcement configurations by using steel fibrereinforced concrete, foam concrete, and normal concrete. The multi-ribbed composite prefabricated slab has many excellent properties, such as light weight, good thermal and sound insulation. Thus, it can be applied to fabricated structures. In addition, the composite prefabricated slabs with the same total steel contents but with different reinforcement configurations were studied under the same static load, and many technical indicators such as crack resistance capacity, yield load, ultimate load capacity, maximum deflection, destructive pattern, and stress of steel rebar were obtained. Results indicate reinforcement configuration has a significant effect on the mechanical performance of composite prefabricated slabs with the same total steel contents, and composite prefabricated slabs reinforced with longitudinal rebar and steel fibre (volume fraction is 1.5%) have the best mechanical performance and ductility.
Carbon Footprint of Different Harvesting Work Systems in Short Rotation Energy Plantations
Authors: Polgár András , Horváth Adrienn , Mátyás Katalin Szakálosné , Horváth Attila László , Rumpf János , Vágvölgyi Andrea
Published: February 2019

Almost half of the total area of Hungary is arable land. Nearly one-third of this area is poor-quality arable land where agriculture would be uneconomical. Energy plantations can be grown extremely well on poor-quality land. Currently, the carbon neutrality of wood as a raw material must also be justified, considering several factors. Environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) was developed as a tool for sustainable, decision-supporting, environmental management, which is an outstanding tool for the well-established analysis of environmental impacts, although the application of it in forestry remained a challenge for the LCA community. No sector specific LCA and life cycle inventory methodology has been developed in forestry; thus, implementing such a methodology remains a big challenge. Calculated on a common functional unit (100 m3/ha wood chips, 100% energy purpose), we have performed a comparative environmental life cycle assessment for harvesting technologies of short rotation energy plantations (technology related to stands of 3 ha of poplar, 5–10 ha of willow, 20 ha of willow), specifically for the third year harvesting work system. Research results on global warming potential show the carbon footprint of harvesting work systems, the knowledge of which has a strong influence on the environmental consideration of raw material (wood chips) and also on the more precise definition of carbon sequestration capacity. The typical values of carbon balance ratio (1.37–1.46) indicate a positive carbon sequestration potential and a magnitude well within the system boundaries of the third year harvesting work system submodule. The results obtained enable the estimation and prediction of environmental impacts for the whole lifecycle of the plantation.
From dynamics to links: a sparse reconstruction of the topology of a neural network
Authors: Aletti Giacomo , Lonardoni Davide , Naldi Giovanni , Nieus Thierry
Published: February 2019

One major challenge in neuroscience is the identification of interrelations between signals reflecting neural activity and how information processing occurs in the neural circuits. At the cellular and molecular level, mechanisms of signal transduction have been studied intensively and a better knowledge and understanding of some basic processes of information handling by neurons has been achieved. In contrast, little is known about the organization and function of complex neuronal networks. Experimental methods are now available to simultaneously monitor electrical activity of a large number of neurons in real time. Then, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the spiking activity of individual neurons is a very valuable tool for the study of the dynamics and architecture of the neural networks. Such activity is not due to the sole intrinsic properties of the individual neural cells but it is mostly the consequence of the direct influence of other neurons. The deduction of the effective connectivity between neurons, whose experimental spike trains are observed, is of crucial importance in neuroscience: first for the correct interpretation of the electro-physiological activity of the involved neurons and neural networks, and, for correctly relating the electrophysiological activity to the functional tasks accomplished by the network. In this work, we propose a novel method for the identification of connectivity of neural networks using recorded voltages. Our approach is based on the assumption that the network has a topology with sparse connections. After a brief description of our method, we will report the performances and compare it to the cross-correlation computed on the spike trains, which represents a gold standard method in the field.
Influence of State Participation on Business Conditions and Entrepreneurship in the EU Countries of the Former Eastern Bloc
Authors: Domańska Ada , Zajkowski Robert
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this paper is to show the extent to which state interference in the economy affects the conditions of functioning for small and medium-sized enterprises in economies of the former eastern bloc which have already gone through the EU accession process. The data on SMEs’ situation were taken from the Fact Sheets of the EU program Small Business Act. Due to the fact that the variables proposed to describe the business environment differ significantly it was necessary to standardize them. The zero unitarization method was applied to rank countries properly. Special attention in this paper is devoted to Poland and the situation of businesses operating in this country. The research has identified some areas requiring urgent changes. It is crucial to improve the situation so that companies can play a proper role in the economy. A country which could be an example of good solutions that support business development is also described.
Regulations and Technology Behind HFT Latency, Batch Auctions and Payments for Order Flow in the US and EU
Authors: Martins Carlos Jorge Lenczewski
Published: February 2019

Since the appearance of high-frequency trading in the 1990s, speed has become one of the key issues in trading and with it, the controversy around High-Frequency Trading. In recent years, there have been many discussions and analyses of how high-frequency trading may affect the financial market – but still without any clear conclusions. Leaving these opinions behind, many adjustments have already been made in the US and Europe - both to regulations and market rules, impacting not only High-Frequency Trading but general electronic trading as well. These rules and regulations are the result of technological developments in electronic trading and more specifically, High-Frequency Trading and the practice of Payments for Order Flow. The question remains as to how deep regulations should go, especially in the case of HFT which can be severely affected by harsh regulatory requirements or procedures. Because two of the most important issues in HFT are time and information, some of the rules and regulations affect aspects such as not only what type of information and how it should be gathered, but also clock synchronisation and time-stamp granularity. Another issue that may be considered controversial in the field of HFT (although it is not a practice limited to HFT) is Payment For Order Flows. Under this mechanism, wholesale market makers pay brokers for their client’s order flow – a practice that performed in great amounts and at high speeds may give a considerable level of “inside” information. Regulations, especially from ESMA (MiFID II). try in great part to thus mitigate the practice of Payments For Order Flows.

The aim of this paper is to present technological advancements in the field of trading communications used, not only by HFT firms, but also by exchanges. Additionally, the objective is to underline some challenges regarding regulatory changes that try to adapt to the current level of technology – for example, those related to clock synchronisation and data processing. One last issue brought forward is the possibility of converting markets from continuous-time auctions to discrete-time auctions - a concept that is aimed at liquidating the speed advantage and competition only to price level and hence, eliminating HFT advantages.
Comparison of Semi-Parametric and Benchmark Value-At-Risk Models in Several Time Periods with Different Volatility Levels
Authors: Buczyński Mateusz , Chlebus Marcin
Published: February 2019

In the literature, there is no consensus as to which Value-at-Risk forecasting model is the best for measuring market risk in banks. In the study an analysis of Value-at-Risk forecasting model quality over varying economic stability periods for main indices from stock exchanges was conducted. The VaR forecasts from GARCH(1,1), GARCH-t(1,1), GARCH-st(1,1), QML-GARCH(1,1), CAViaR and historical simulation models in periods with contrasting volatility trends (increasing, constantly high and decreasing) for countries economically developed (the USA – S&P 500, Germany - DAX and Japan – Nikkei 225) and economically developing (China – SSE COMP, Poland – WIG20 and Turkey – XU100) were compared. The data samples used in the analysis were selected from the period 01.01.1999 – 24.03.2017. To assess the VaR forecast quality: excess ratio, Basel traffic light test, coverage tests (Kupiec test, Christoffersen test), Dynamic Quantile test, cost functions and Diebold-Marino test were used. Obtained results show that the quality of Value-at-Risk forecasts for the models varies depending on a volatility trend. However, GARCH-st (1,1) and QML-GARCH(1,1) were found to be the most robust models in the different volatility periods. The results show as well that the CAViaR model forecasts were less appropriate in the increasing volatility period. Moreover, no significant differences for the VaR forecast quality were found for the developed and developing countries.
Assessment of relationships among and within Helichrysum Mill. (Asteraceae) species by using ISSR markers and morphological traits
Authors: Azizi Narjes , Sheidai Masoud , Mozaffarian Valiollah , Arman Mitra , Noormohammadi Zahra
Published: February 2019

This study conducted to determine relationship among and within Iranian Helichrysum species (Asteraceae). In this study based on ISSR markers, the highest percentage of ISSR loci polymorphism (54.7%) occurred in H. armenium. The highest gene diversity over loci (1.224), Shannon’s Information Index (0.224%) and Expected Heterozygosity (0.142%) occurred in H. armenium (0.18) and the lowest of these parameters (0%) were observed in H. araxinum, H. graveolens, H. persicum and H. psychrophilum. The highest genetic similarity occurred between H. armenium and H. rubicundum (0.989), while the lowest was between H. polyphyllum and H. graveolens (0.213). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), showed significant genetic variation among (24%) and within (76%) species. In morphological analysis traits such as indumentum, resting bud, achene length, achenial papillae, dimension of receptacle and form and apex of phyllaries were main diagnostic features. Results obtained from the morphological cluster were greatly consistent with the molecular data, to elucidating taxonomic relationships, as well as both attributed the higher diversity in H. armenium and H. rubicundum in comparison with other species and also indicated that H. persicum is a member of H. oocephalum species. Totally we confirmed the presence of 18 species in Iran.
Experimental Evaluation of the Effect of Water-Cement Ratio on Compressive, Abrasion Strength, Hydraulic Conductivity Coefficient and Porosity of Nano-Silica Concretes
Authors: Ghasemipor Verya , Piroti Saber
Published: February 2019

Dams are considered as strategic structures due to their initial role in economic system of the country, therefore, they are expected to be fully functional and powerful. Nano technology could be an effective factor of abrasion and compressive strength, porosity and hydraulic conductivity coefficient of the concrete, thus more scientific research is essential to be carried out on these types of concrete due to their quite modern and high technology. In the current study, the effects of water-cement ratio on compressive and abrasion strength, porosity and hydraulic conductivity coefficient of concrete was investigated. The constructed concrete samples with 4% Nano-silica and water-cement ratios of 0.35 to 0.55 were tested. Other design features remained fixed in all concrete samples. The compressive strength of block samples of 150×150×150 mm were assessed in terms of time lasting 7, 28 and 90 days. The abrasion strength of the identical block samples were tested after 28 days. The hydraulic conductivity coefficient of cylindrical shape samples with the diameter 150 mm and height of 300 mm were experimented after 28 days. The results of the experiments indicated that by reducing the water-cement ratio from 0.55 to 0.35, the compressive strength increased 37.13, 40.14 and 38.22% for 7, 28 and 90 days age samples respectively and abrasion strength of concrete increased 38.22% and the hydraulic conductivity coefficient (m/s) and depth of penetration (mm) of the concrete decreased from 27.76×10−15 and 2.756 to 1.5×10−15 and 0.784 respectively. In addition porosity decreased from 12.76 to 11.22%.
Using Cuttlebone Powder to Produce Green Concrete
Authors: Mirzabagheri Sara , Derhamjani Ghazaleh , Maharati Sahar , Ziaee Zeynab , Vatankhah F. , Mirzabagheri D.
Published: February 2019

Limestone has been commonly used in concrete for several decades. Moreover, calcium carbonate was used as a portion of cement content. Therefore cuttlebone powder, which is composed of a naturally occurring crystal form of calcium carbonate named aragonite, was used in concrete as a substitution of a portion of cement content in this research program for the first time. It led to the production of green concrete which is a type of concrete causes less harm to environment. 3, 5 and 7 percent of cement were substituted with cuttlebone powder. For this purpose, 4 concrete mix designs included 36 cubes, 4 cylinders and 4 prisms were casted. Results showed that weight of the specimens with cuttlebone powder was lower than control specimen. Moreover, by adding cuttlebone powder to concrete, slump increased. Although compressive and tensile strengths of the specimens with cuttlebone powder were lower than control specimen, but the specimen with 3% cuttlebone powder had adequate strength. Besides, three-point flexural strength of the concrete with 3% cuttlebone powder was higher than control specimen. It seems that by reducing water content of the specimen with cuttlebone powder to have similar slump to the control specimen, better performance of concrete can be achieved. So, this natural material can be used instead of a portion of cement to produce green concrete.
LOD2 Building Generation Experiences and Comparisons
Authors: Pârvu Iuliana Maria , Remondino F. , Ozdemir E.
Published: February 2019

The VOLTA project is a RISE Marie-Curie action designed to realize Research & Innovation (R&I) among intersectoral partners to exchange knowledge, methods and workflows in the geospatial field. To accomplish its objectives, the main R&I activities of VOLTA are divided in four interlinked Work Packages with two transversal ones responsible for knowledge transfer & training as well as dissemination of the project results. The research activities and knowledge transfer are performed with a series of secondments between partners. The consortium is composed of 13 partners from academic & research institutions, industrial partners and national mapping agencies. The Romanian National Center of Cartography is part of this research project and in this article the achievements of the secondment at Bruno Kessler Foundation in Trento (Italy) are given. The main goal of the exchange was to generate level of detail - LOD2 building models in an automated manner from photogrammetric point clouds and without any ancillary data. To benchmark existing commercial solutions for the realization of LOD2 building models, we tested Building Reconstruction. This program generates LOD2 models starting from building footprints, digital terrain model (DTM) and digital surface model (DSM). The presented work examined a research and a commercial-based approach to reconstruct LOD2 building models from point clouds. The full paper will report all technical details of the work with insight analyses and comparisons.
Jonathan Edwards and His Methodology Promoting Concern for Revival
Authors: Moga Dinu
Published: February 2019

In Edwards, we see the portrait of a man who knows how to merge in one vocation the ministry of a pastor and that of an evangelist. As a pastor, Edwards knew how to act soberly in supervising the flock of God. As an evangelist, he knew how to avoid any excess of emotionalism and how to focus his efforts on maintaining steadiness and stability in his care for the human souls. He saw himself under the obligation to take the message of God to all those who struggled in this life. In his mind it was clear that God chooses his servants and then commissions them to preach the gospel with passion.
Direction and Velocity of the Ball in Volleyball Spike Depending on Location on Court
Authors: Tabor Piotr , Urbanik Czesław , Mastalerz Andrzej
Published: February 2019

Introduction
. The aim of this study was to determine the correlations between the direction and velocity of the ball in volleyball spike. We adopted the hypothesis that the direction of an attack is dependent upon the arrangement of the pectoral girdles in the phase of flight.

Material and methods.
The research was carried out for four different types of attacks: from the left side of the court down the line (A) and in the cross-court direction (B) and from the right side in the same directions (C and D). Sixteen young volleyball players from a Sports Championship School run by the Polish Volleyball Federation were examined.

Results
. The analysis of the results showed different ball velocities in different attacks. The velocity was the lowest in attack B and the highest in attack D.

Conclusions.
The direction of attack was produced by hitting the ball in a non-central manner and by aligning the glenohumeral joints diagonally to the net.
Interval Training with Active Recovery and the Physical Capacity of Recreational Male Runners
Authors: Michalik Kamil , Glinka Szymon , Danek Natalia , Zatoń Marek
Published: February 2019

Introduction
. So far there have been few studies on the effect of interval training with active recovery aimed at increasing aerobic power on the physical capacity of long-distance runners. Unlike standard interval training, this particular type of interval training does not include passive rest periods but combines high-intensity training with low-intensity recovery periods. The aims of the study were to determine the effect of aerobic power training implemented in the form of interval training with active recovery on the physical capacity of amateur long-distance runners as well as to compare their results against those of a group of runners who trained in a traditional manner and only performed continuous training.

Material and methods.
The study involved 12 recreational male long-distance runners, who were randomly divided into two groups, consisting of 6 persons each. Control group C performed continuous training 3 times a week (for 90 minutes, with approximately 65-85% VO2max). Experimental group E participated in one training session similar to the one implemented in group C and additionally performed interval training with active recovery twice a week. The interval training included a 20-minute warm-up and repeated running sprints of maximum intensity lasting 3 minutes (800-1,000 m). Between sprints, there was a 12-minute bout of running with an intensity of approximately 60-70% VO2max. The time of each repetition was measured, and the first one was treated as a benchmark in a given training unit. If the duration of a subsequent repetition was 5% shorter than that of the initial repetition, the subjects underwent a 15-minute cool-down period. A progressive treadmill test was carried out before and after the 7-week training period. The results were analysed using non-parametric statistical tests.

Results
. VO2max increased significantly both in group E (p < 0.05; d = 0.86) and C (p < 0.05; d = 0.71), and there was an improvement in effort economy at submaximal intensity. Although the differences were not significant, a much greater change in the post-exercise concentrations of lactate and H+ ions was found in group E.

Conclusions.
The study showed that interval training with active recovery increased VO2max in amateur runners with higher initial physical capacity and stimulated adaptation to metabolic acidosis more than continuous training.
Changes in Placental Morphology and their Association with Embryonic Skin Development
Authors: Markovs Jurijs , Galuza Agate , Melderis Ivars , Krūmiņa Džanna , Knipše Gundega
Published: February 2019

Histogenesis and organogenesis in mammals normally transpires in a hypoxic environment. Oxygen diffusing capacity is dependent on diffusion distance, which may vary with the thickness of placental barrier and with the level of tissue vascularity. Since the epidermis is avascular, its development fully depends on dermal blood vessels. Despite the large number of studies focusing on uteroplacental circulation and embryogenesis, it is clear that the current knowledge of how placental changes in pregnancy contribute to skin development is incomplete. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between structural changes in the placental barrier and development of the integumentary system, with special reference to dermal angiogenesis. The study included specimens of six embryos and ten foetuses from 5 to 24 developmental weeks, and 21 specimens of placental tissue 6–40 weeks gestational age. The panel of antibodies used was S- 100, SMA, CD31, CD34, AE1/AE3 (PCKT), CKRT7, CD 56 and hCG. During the first trimester, maternal blood flow to the placenta appears to be initially restricted by trophoblast plugs. Natural killer cells appear in great abundance in subendothelium of decidual blood vessels, potentially stimulating extensive angiogenesis. By the end of the first trimester, new capillary beds organise to supply the developing epidermal derivatives. During the second trimester, the placental barrier becomes progressively thinner, and uteroplacental circulation is established due to dissolution of endovascular trophoblast plugs. Progression of the formation of skin appendages, hypodermal adipose tissue, demarcation of papillary and reticular dermis, and keratinisation of interfollicular epidermis in the second trimester strongly accompanies the dermal angiogenesis and placental maturation.
Jakob Nielsen’s Heuristics in Selected Elements of Interface Design of Selected Blogs
Authors: Mirkowicz Magdalena , Grodner Grzegorz
Published: February 2019

The authors describe issues related to the phenomenon of blogs as a channel of communi-cation in relation to Polish blogosphere. The main hypothesis is assuming the pursuit of the Polishblogosphere for proper technological development. The methodology of the research is based onquantitative analysis of the occurrence of Jakob Nielsen’s heuristics, within the studied 50 randomlyselected Polish blogs. The methodology is based on an analysis of the case aimed at confirming ordenying the occurrence of the heuristics. As a result of the conducted research, the occurrence levelof heuristics in the studied group was confirmed.
Circumstances and autopsy findings in drownings, Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, 2006-2015
Authors: Hansen Ida Borg , Thomsen Asser Hedegård
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the demographic circumstances and the autopsy findings regarding drowning deaths autopsied at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Aarhus. The study is based on autopsy reports from the Department of Forensic Medicine in Aarhus, 2006-2015 with drowning as a cause of death. Among the 135 cases of the study, 87 (64.4%) were accidents versus 33 (24.4%) suicides. The study showed, that the majority of the drowned 73,3% were males, especially pronounced in the accidents (81.6% were males). In 60.7% victims, there was a positive blood alcohol analysis, most often in males. Females with positive alcohol analyses did however have the highest mean alcohol blood level (1.65 versus 1.47 per mile). The most frequent place of the submersions was docks (24.4%) and the most frequent time of day was in the evening (18.00 – 23.59; 19.3%) and at night (00.00 – 05.59; 20.0%). The study shows no significant connection between adipocere and type of water (OR=1.21, 95% CI (0.49;2.99), p=0.68), bulging lungs and type of water (OR=1.18, 95% CI (0.52;2.70), p=0.69), lung weight and type of water (z-test, p=0.38) and the amount of pleural effusion and water type (z-test, p=0.16). A significant connection between the presence of pleural effusion and type of water cannot discounted (OR=2.37, 95% CI (1.06;2.44), p=0.02).
Was There a ‘Gypsy Problem’ in Socialist Romania? From Suppressing ‘Nationalism’ to Recognition of a National Minority
Authors: Fosztó László
Published: February 2019

After the fall of the socialist bloc some authors celebrated the advent of Romani nationalism, emphasising its Eastern European roots and its potential force to foster emancipation among an ethnic minority oppressed for so long. There is another perspective on the community organisation among the Roma from actors who had much less sympathy towards collective claims on behalf of the ‘Gypsies’. Recently published documents from the archive of the secret police testify that Gypsy nationalism (“naționalism țigănesc”) was systematically denounced in Romania. Roma leaders suspected of being its proponents were persecuted during the late period of the Ceaușescu era. This article is an attempt to interpret a contested category in the context of late socialist Romania.
Mandibular Morphology of the Mid-Miocene Seal Devinophoca claytoni (Carnivora, Phocidae, Devinophocinae)
Authors: Rahmat S. J. , Koretsky I. A.
Published: February 2019

During several excavations in Slovakia at the base of the Malé Karpaty Mountains (near the junction of the Morava and Danube Rivers), two skulls and numerous mandibular, dental and postcranial bones of early mid-Miocene (16.3–12.8 Ma) seals were collected. Isolated mandibles and many individual teeth were found at this locality, with some teeth in situ corresponding morphologically with the mandible and skull of Devinophoca claytoni, and others perfectly associating to the mandible and skull of the recently described Devinophoca emryi. Based on this material, two species of the previously unknown phocid subfamily Devinophocinae Koretsky et Holec, 2002 have been described. However, the mandibular morphology of the type species Devinophoca claytoni has remained unknown. Here, we present a first description of the mandible of this species. Morphological assessments reveal that the D. claytoni mandible has posterior alveoli larger than anterior; flat mandibular body low in height; alveoli of p4 larger than m1; and a unique devinophocine combination of incisors (I3/1) that differs from those in the extant subfamilies Cystophorinae (I2/1), Monachinae (I2/2) and Phocinae (I3/2).
The Influence of Fixatives on the Validity of Histological Preparations of Olfactory Organ in Teleostei
Authors: Tytiuk O. , Stepanyuk Ya. , Yaryhin O.
Published: February 2019

The olfactory system of fishes plays an important role in reproduction, migration, and feeding. When studying the morphogenesis of olfactory analyzer in fishes, it is crucial to determine the exact time at which the placode, olfactory pit, and olfactory lamellae are formed. Among a large number of fixatives, 10 % formalin and Bouin’s solution are most commonly used to study the olfactory organ of Teleostei. Use of inappropriate fixative or incorrect fixation process can damage the structures under investigation and, as a result, will lead to the misinterpretation of results. The influence of the fixatives on the preservation of olfactory structures of European weather fish Misgurnus fossilis (Linnaeus, 1758) as close as possible to their living state is studied. Similar stages were fixated in Bouin’s solution as well as in 10 % formalin. Histological preparations for the light microscopy were made using the standard histological methodologies. At all analyzed stages of European weather fish development, histological preparations are more accurate, reliable, and informative aft er the fixation in Bouin’s solution. Aft er the fixation in 10 % formalin, it is impossible to determine the moment at which the olfactory pit begins to form. Because of the artifacts of olfactory epithelium appearing aft er fixation in 10 % formalin, the timing of olfactory lamellae formation could be easily misinterpreted and a comparative analysis on the morphogenesis of the olfactory analyzer becomes more complicated. Given our observations, a thorough revision of previous literature has to be performed to derive accurate evolutionary and morphological interpretations.
EXISTIR, RESISTIR, EXIGIR! ASPECTOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO HISTÓRICO- IDEOLÓGICA DO RACISMO BRASILEIRO E O LUGAR DO MOVIMENTO NEGRO NA LUTA A FAVOR DA SUA DESCONSTRUÇÃO
Authors: Barros Bárbara Sepúlveda , Martins Luci Helena
Published: February 2019

O trabalho em questão busca resgatar, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, os principais condicionantes históricos do racismo no Brasil, demonstrando o impacto entre nós das teorias que se desenvolviam na Europa entre os séculos XVIII e XIX. Tais teorias promoveram uma hierarquização dos grupos humanos, a partir dos caracteres físicos e biológicos, atestando a superioridade da raça branca, caucasiana ou ariana, e a inferioridade das demais. A referida pesquisa objetiva demonstrar como, no contexto brasileiro, esse diagnóstico implicou numa não inclusão dos negros na categoria cidadão, mesmo no pós-abolição, quando os ideais de liberdade e igualdade trazidos pelo liberalismo acabam sendo “filtrados” pelas elites locais, não englobando toda a população. Ideologias como o branqueamento e a democracia racial são levadas a cabo pelo Estado, ampliando sua marginalização. Apresenta-se, ainda, o processo de mobilização e amadurecimento do Movimento Negro Brasileiro, a partir do qual vislumbra-se uma mudança, sobretudo pela conquista das ações afirmativas nos anos 2000.Palavras-chave: Racismo. Questão racial. Movimento Negro Brasileiro.ABSTRACTThe work in question seeks to recover, from a bibliographical research, the main historical determinants of racism in Brazil, showing the impact between us, the theories that developed in Europe between the XVIII and XIX centuries. Such theories promoted a hierarchy of human groups, from the physical and biological characters, attesting to the superiority of the Caucasian, Caucasian or Aryan race, and to the inferiorities of the others. This research aims to demonstrate how, in the Brazilian context, this diagnosis implied a non-inclusion of blacks in the citizen category, even in post-abolition, when the ideals of freedom and equality brought about by liberalism end up being "filtered" by the local elites, the entire population. Ideologies such as money laundering and racial democracy are carried out by the state, widening its marginalization. It also presents the process of mobilization and maturation of the Black Brazilian Movement, from which a change can be seen, above all by the conquest of affirmative actions in the 2000s.Keywords: Racism. Racial issues. Brazilian black movement.