bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unleashing Machine Wisdom
Authors: S. P. Siddique Ibrahim , Rakshitha Ireddi , Nithin Uppara , Namratha Lakkakula , V. Naga Sai Rahul , Shaik Mohammed Abdul Kareem
Published: April 2024

Embarking on an exploration of disaster resilience, this chapter scrutinizes the potential of AI-driven tsunami early warning systems (TEWS). Focused on the catastrophic potential of tsunamis, the narrative unveils a visionary roadmap, spotlighting artificial neural networks (ANN), and convolutional neural networks (CNN). While the actual implementation lies in the future, the chapter charts a course for stakeholders to metamorphose theoretical frameworks into actionable strategies. Beyond technical intricacies, the narrative emphasizes the transformative impact of proactive disaster management. Envisioning a future where machine learning algorithms serve as vigilant guardians prompts a call for a paradigm shift in coastal safety. The chapter culminates by contemplating a future where the synergy between human intuition and AI enhances our capacity to anticipate, respond to, and mitigate the devastating impact of tsunamis. It paints a compelling vision of a safer coexistence with our dynamic planet, outlining challenges, and pointing towards a more resilient future.
AI and Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Solutions for Complications in Natural Disaster
Authors: D. Sathya , S. P. Siddique Ibrahim , D. Jagadeesan
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence in meteorological event management has become imperative in light of the rise in extreme weather events in recent years. Disaster management is necessary to control and stop such incidents. Artificial intelligence is widely employed in disaster preparedness and forecasting, damage mitigation and reduction, and reaction phase to help with better and faster responses to disasters. This chapter looks at how artificial intelligence technologies can be used to lessen the effects of different types of disasters and explores the possibility of connecting artificial intelligence technologies with information and communication technology to lessen the effects of disasters.
Deep Learning and AI-Powered Natural Catastrophes Warning Systems
Authors: S. P. Siddique Ibrahim , D. Sathya , B. V. Gokulnath , S. Selva kumar , W. Jai Singh , Murugan Thangavel
Published: April 2024

Natural catastrophes including hurricanes, floods, wildfires, and earthquakes can seriously harm people and property. Floods that destroy houses, businesses, government buildings, and other properties cause enormous economic losses in addition to human casualties. This loss cannot be recovered; however, flood damage can frequently be reduced by supporting suitable structural and non-structural solutions. Natural catastrophes have become more frequent and severe in recent years, primarily as a result of climate change. Due to the large number of small and low magnitude earthquakes, the hand-picked data used in manual approaches, and the possibility of some noisy disturbances in the background, the methods are not very dependable. As a result, automated techniques and algorithms are more effective when used for earthquake identification and detection. However, scientists and engineers can now more accurately and efficiently predict and avert natural disasters thanks to developments in machine learning and data analytics. By creating a deep learning model that can quickly determine an asset's structural status in the event of a seismic excitation, this study investigates the potential of artificial intelligence in various operational domains.
Machine Learning-Based Seismic Activity Prediction
Authors: V. Ajai , Usha S. Gandhimathi alias , Suntosh B. D. S. , Muthukumar M. , Manoj Raj K. , Suriyanarayanan V.
Published: April 2024

Earthquakes can have devastating consequences, causing ground shaking, landslides, and changes in landscapes. Fault line ruptures can alter river courses and disrupt infrastructure, while underwater earthquakes may trigger tsunamis, affecting coastal ecosystems and communities. Liquefaction can temporarily weaken the ground, leading to structural damage, and aftershocks can further exacerbate existing damage and hinder recovery efforts. Human impacts are significant and can result in injuries, fatalities, displacement, and psychological trauma. Economic consequences can involve disruption to industries and livelihoods, while response and recovery efforts may have environmental consequences. This chapter focuses on earthquake prediction using various parameters such as date, time, latitude, longitude, depth, and magnitude. The authors have used a world map as a dataset to train our model, where we predict earthquakes using gradient boosting regressor. They have broken down the complex and challenging problem into simpler like mean squared error (MSE) as a loss function, accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, confusion matrix. As of our last knowledge update in September 2023, earthquake prediction remains a field of ongoing research and does not have precise predictive models. The advantage of this model is its accuracy which is predicted as output. However, by comparing actual datasets with predicted outcomes of occurrences, we can identify risk free areas for livelihood. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 86.1% and 99.7% in terms of magnitude and depth, which is higher than the accuracy of existing earthquake prediction methods.
Role of AR and VR in the Context of Technical Education
Authors: Pramanik Sabyasachi
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the primary research subjects for improving the lives of future generation clever youngsters have been excellence and creativity in the existing pedagogical system. Virtual reality plays an important part in introducing new educational ideas. To enhance the quality of teaching in aspects of relevant and interactive learning, the recent trend in educational technology is mostly cantered on e - learning and mobile-based learning approaches. Virtual reality is now widely utilized in a variety of fields, including education, healthcare, training, and entertainment. This study paper examines the influence of virtual reality on the pedagogical sector, as well as its current and future.
Virtual Realms of Healing
Authors: Kenwright Benjamin
Published: April 2024

This chapter delves into the cutting-edge domain of extended reality (XR) technology and its profound implications for mental health treatment and support. XR, encompassing immersive virtual and augmented reality experiences, has emerged as a powerful tool with the capability to revolutionize therapeutic practices and open new dimensions within the field of mental health. This chapter critically examines the transformative potential of XR in mental health, addressing its ability to provide safe and controlled spaces for therapeutic interventions and self-exploration. By allowing individuals to immerse themselves in alternate realities, XR creates an environment conducive to addressing various psychological challenges, such as anxiety, trauma, and social difficulties. The exploration within XR offers a range of possibilities, from tranquil natural environments for relaxation to simulated social interactions for skill development.
The Effect of Human-Computer Interaction on New Applications by Exploring the Use Case of ChatGPT in Healthcare Services
Authors: Mijwil Maad M. , Naji Aseel Shakir , Doshi Ruchi , Hiran Kamal Kant , Bala Indu , Guma Ali
Published: April 2024

Human-Computer interaction (HCI) is a domain that focuses on growing the interaction between humans and computer systems by designing and developing user interfaces that are efficient and delightful to use. In this chapter, the authors focus on the importance of deep human-computer interaction on new applications with an emphasis on using ChatGPT applications in the health services domain. This chapter provides full details on the importance of executing ChatGPT in various health-related scenarios while highlighting the importance of HCI to enhance user interactions in personalized medical advice in a ChatGPT application. This chapter concludes that the capabilities of ChatGPT and artificial intelligence applications can revolutionize the healthcare industry by enhancing the accessibility and effectiveness of new media communications between the user and applications while creating innovative resolutions to improve healthcare services.
Human-Machine Interaction for Knowledge Discovery and Management
Authors: Mittal Deepti , Parashar Ajay Raj , Thawkar Shankar , Katta Vijay Subhash
Published: April 2024

The ongoing data explosion driven by digital information growth has led to the emergence of human-machine interaction (HMI) as a vital tool in knowledge discovery and management across various disciplines. The exponential growth of knowledge discovery and management due to the influx of digital data and investigates into HMI applications, encompassing data visualization, natural language processing, machine learning, and augmented reality, with real-world examples demonstrating their ability in deciphering complex data and extracting insights. Ethical concerns and future directions, including issues of bias, privacy, security, and research prospects like explainable AI and personalized interfaces, are also discussed. The societal and workforce implications of HMI are explored, highlighting its potential benefits and challenges while advocating for responsible development and policies to ensure a harmonious interaction between humans and machines in the realm of knowledge discovery and management.
An Augmented Reality-Based, Personalized Healthcare Management System Using Blockchain Technology
Authors: Hanchate Rohini Sheetalkumar , Ahire Pritam Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Personalized healthcare and its implications for medical practice. Personalized healthcare refers to the tailoring of medical treatments and interventions to individual patients based on their unique characteristics and needs. This approach takes into account the patient's genetic makeup, lifestyle habits, environmental factors, and personal preferences to optimize treatment outcomes. The main aim is to explore the various components of personalized healthcare, including genomics, pharmaceuticals, and digital health technologies. It examines how advances in these areas have facilitated the development of personalized medicine, where treatments are customized to target specific genetic mutations or biomarkers. Additionally, this chapter aims to address the potential of personalized healthcare to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs by avoiding unnecessary treatments and adverse events. The ethical and legal considerations surrounding personalized healthcare are also examined.
Blockchain Application on Healthcare Services in Metaverse
Authors: Divyashree K. S.
Published: April 2024

The convergence of blockchain technology and the metaverse is ushering in a transformative era for healthcare services. From telemedicine to health records management, the authors delve into the innovative applications and the potential benefits for patients and providers in this blockchain-powered metaverse of health. Blockchain technology can establish trust in virtual healthcare encounters. They examine the secure sharing of health data, verifiable credentials, and decentralized patient control. Virtual clinics in the metaverse can provide patients with a realistic setting for medical consultations. Counterfeit medications endanger patient safety significantly. There are certain challenges such as privacy and security, scalability, digital divide, user acceptance etc. This study explores how blockchain ensures data security, patient privacy, and interoperability within virtual healthcare settings. Healthcare in the metaverse represents a futuristic and innovative approach to delivering and managing healthcare services within immersive digital environments.
IoT-Enhanced Haptic Feedback
Authors: Babu C. V. Suresh , S. Felixa , J. Vidya A. , S. Kamal Afzal , Singh David Joel
Published: April 2024

This chapter presents a comprehensive exploration of the convergence of AR, VR, and Internet of Things in healthcare under the theme of “Wellbeing and IoT.” The intricacies of simulating touch, warmth, and resistance in AR and VR, along with the limitations of existing technologies, are examined in Section 2. Section 3 focuses on the development and integration of IoT-enabled haptic feedback devices, elucidating the role of sensors and actuators. Real-time data transmission and edge computing for minimizing latency are discussed in Section 4. Section 5 explores the integration of IoT-enabled devices with healthcare systems, providing benefits for professionals and patients. Security measures, user feedback collection, and continuous improvement processes are covered in Sections 6 and 7. Standardization, regulatory compliance, training, education, and future prospects are addressed in Sections 8 and 9. The chapter concludes in Section 10 by summarizing key insights and discussing broader implications for healthcare wellbeing through the incorporation of IoT-enabled haptic feedback.
Exploring the Neuropsychological Impact of Immersive Experiences in the Metaverse and Virtual and Augmented Reality
Authors: De Clara Laura
Published: April 2024

Recent years have seen groundbreaking advancements in mental health tech, notably in virtual reality (VR) applications. This chapter explores the profound impact of digital innovations on mental health treatment, emphasizing VR's role. Despite global mental health challenges, the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of digital interventions, ensuring widespread access. Virtual reality emerges as a potent therapeutic tool, offering precise stimulus control and nuanced exploration of self-perception. Reviews highlight VR's superiority, particularly for those dealing with vivid mental imagery. Addressing access disparities and ensuring patient privacy are vital challenges. Future prospects include AI integration, tailoring therapies in real-time, and extending VR use to healthcare professional training. These innovations, especially VR, are revolutionizing mental healthcare, promising personalized, accessible treatments, and enhancing our understanding of mental disorders.
Ethical Dimensions of GIS Data Privacy
Authors: Vijayalakshmi A. , Unnisa Sarwath , Sheeba S. Shirley , Uma K. , Sunanna S. S.
Published: April 2024

The proliferation of mapping technologies has spurred significant attention to the ethical conduct surrounding geographic information systems (GIS). Various studies have explored these ethical considerations. Academic map and geography libraries are increasingly responsible for managing geospatial datasets, emphasizing the need for maintaining ethical standards in data archiving, cataloging, and distribution. Moral concerns about geospatial technologies encompass data accuracy, copyright, and quality assurance. Users of geospatial data must discern between ground-truth data and voluntary contributions, particularly with the rise of social media and participatory GIS. This chapter discusses the concerns concerning GIS data and the important data privacy issues while using GIS data.
A Guide to Ethical Geospatial Practices
Authors: Sahithya V. , Sujithra M. , Senthilkumar B. , Shreenithi M. , Hari Priya
Published: April 2024

This chapter explores the ethics of geospatial data, examining how data collection methods have evolved and highlighting both benefits and past mistakes. The vast amount of geospatial data collected today creates new ethical challenges. The guide dives into core principles like privacy, security, and fairness in this context. Legal frameworks are explored to provide a complete picture. It then tackles present-day challenges like privacy concerns and bias in geospatial technologies. Looking ahead, the guide explores emerging technologies and emphasizes global collaboration for ethical practices. It presents potential future scenarios and analyzes how current actions will impact them. Regulations and ongoing ethical discussions are seen as crucial for shaping the future. Finally, the guide stresses the importance of continuous awareness, education, and ethical business practices to ensure geospatial data remains a force for good in our interconnected world.
Geospatial Data Storage and Management
Authors: Mamatov Islom , Galety Mohammad Gouse , Alimov Ruslan , Sriharsha A. V. , Rofoo Fanar Fareed Hanna , Sunitha Gurram
Published: April 2024

This chapter comprehensively explores the evolving landscape of geospatial data storage and management, elucidating its critical role in unlocking the transformative potential of geospatial information across diverse applications. Focusing on recent advancements and future directions, this chapter delves into the intricacies of geospatial data management, encompassing vector data, raster data, and point-cloud data storage. Challenges such as data volume, variety, velocity, veracity, and standardization are meticulously addressed, highlighting the complexities of managing geospatial data effectively. Additionally, the chapter examines various storage options, including file formats, database systems, and cloud storage services, offering insights into their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, it underscores the pivotal aspects of geospatial data management, such as data quality, metadata, and data integration.
Machine Learning for Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Vincent Robin Rohit , Sakthivel E. , Meena Kumari  , Nisha F. , Rohini A.
Published: April 2024

Historically, statistical techniques have been a major component of geographic analysis, which is the study of geographical phenomena using geographic data. But the emergence of machine learning (ML) has completely changed the area, making it possible to analyse intricate spatial relationships and glean insightful information from enormous geographical datasets. The foundations, methods, and applications of machine learning for geographic analysis are all covered in detail in this chapter. The authors start with a brief overview of machine learning and then move on to talk about its application to geographic analysis. Subsequently, they explore particular machine learning approaches that are frequently employed in the domain, such as decision trees, support vector machines (SVMs), K-means clustering, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), geostatistics, reinforcement learning, time series analysis, and anomaly detection. The authors wrap up by outlining the possibilities of machine learning for geospatial analysis in the future and provide resources for more research.
Geospatial Machine Learning and the Power of Python Programming
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Ali Muhammad Awais , Hasan Md. Rokibul , Mobo Froilan D. , Rai Shahid Iqbal
Published: April 2024

Machine learning can play a critical role in geospatial analysis, providing enhanced computing efficiency, flexibility, and scalability, improved predictive capabilities, complicated problem resolution, and information extraction from big datasets. Python has emerged as the predominant language for geospatial machine learning due to its user-friendly interface, extensive library support, and versatility. This chapter has explored a diverse ecosystem of Python libraries ranging from Geopandas, Fiona, Leafmap, Geemap, PySAL, and Shapely for geospatial data manipulation to Keras Spatial, TorchGeo, Scikit-learn, and TensorFlow for deep learning applications. Complementing this, it also explored a variety of QGIS Python plugins that enhance geospatial machine learning capabilities, including smart-map, cluster analysis, PyQGIS, ClusterPoints, AI vectorizer, mapflow, deepness, and many more, offering functionalities for digital mapping, clustering, and map segmentation.
Editorial Note
Authors: Gnanapala W. K. A. C. , Cooper Malcolm J. M. , Dewasiri N. J. , Arachchi R. S. S. W.
Published: April 2024

No abstract available
Infections associated with haemophagocytic syndrome: A case report of a rare coexistence with common infections
Authors: Anamika A. , Momin M. , Kaladhar S. , Singh R. R. D. , Hassan R.
Published: April 2024

Infection-associated haemophagocytic syndrome (IAHS) is exceptional in typhoid and tuberculosis co-infections. We encountered a 50-year-old man with a history of pacemaker implantation who was previously treated for typhoid fever and currently presented with a chronic fever and shortness of breath. Initial laboratory tests revealed pancytopenia. A bone marrow aspiration was performed. However, due to cardiac problems, a bone marrow biopsy could not be performed. A bone marrow aspirate was submitted for cell block preparation. The cytology of the bone marrow aspirate revealed hemophagocytosis, which was initially presumed to be secondary to typhoid. Subsequently, cell block preparation of the bone marrow aspirate exhibited numerous granulomas with necrosis suggestive of tuberculosis. The patient was successfully treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs, steroids, and antibiotics. This case highlighted an association between IAHS and a common tropical illness. The usefulness of an aspirate cell block in the absence of biopsy and the potential existence of tuberculosis, especially in tuberculosis-endemic countries is to be noted.
Editorial: Microbiology in times of aging population
Authors: Liyanapathirana Veranja
Published: April 2024

No abstract available
Chemical compounds investigation and profiling of antimicrobial and antiviral constituents of Tephrosia purpurea subsp. apollinea
Authors: Youssef Ahmed M. M. , Maaty Doaa A. M.‎ , Gaber Yasser
Published: April 2024

Tephrosia purpurea subsp. apollinea belongs to the family Fabaceae, and it is distributed in the delta region of Egypt. It has been used in traditional medicine for the management of various diseases. This study aimed to identify the phytochemicals utilizing LC/MS, and biological properties of a methanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea subsp. apollinea. The analysis identified 31 compounds representing various phytochemical classes, including fatty acids, sterols, phenolic acids, polyphenols, terpenoids, and flavonoids. Among the major compounds detected, linoleic acid (13.2%) and campesterol (10.1%) were the most abundant. The extract displayed antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities. The methanolic extract demonstrated varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms, with Bacillus subtilis showing the highest susceptibility. Significant antiviral activity was observed against herpes simplex and hepatitis C viruses. These findings highlight the potential of T. purpurea subsp. apollinea as a valuable source of natural bioactive compounds including antiviral agents. Additional investigation is required to explore the active principles responsible for the observed biological properties and their therapeutic applications in combating bacterial, fungal, and viral infections.
First record of males of Cypridopsis vidua (Crustacea, Ostracoda) species complex for Europe
Authors: Rossetti Giampaolo , Bellavere Elena , Mazzini Ilaria
Published: April 2024

Until recently, only asexually reproducing populations were known in Cypridopsis vidua, a species complex with one of the widest geographical distributions among non-marine ostracods. The discovery of males, most likely functional, from the United States and China has called into question its obligate parthenogen status. Here we report the first report of males for Europe, found in a small artificial pond in northern Italy. It seems plausible that sexual populations are much more widespread than hitherto known, as the recognition of males requires the dissection of individuals. Compared with the available descriptions of males belonging to Cypridopsis vidua and related species, that of the male illustrated here show morphological differences in the antennulae and prehensile palps, which in the Cypridoidea are sexually dimorphic and often diagnostic to distinguish between related species. Adult males show significantly smaller valve sizes than adult females, while adult females in which sperm were found inside the carapace have more variable lengths than those without sperm. No differences in valve coloration or dark banding pattern were found between males and females, and differences in valve outline were mostly negligible. The limitations of an exclusively morphological approach in the case of similar morphospecies are highlighted, as well as the importance of adopting objective criteria to measure the limits of morphological variability allowing the identification of separate taxonomic entities.
Cultural pessimism or genuine multiculturalism: A response to Giliomee
Authors: Adam Heribert
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
Seeking the Zeitgeist: multiculturalism, conformity and conflict - or peaceful coexistence in the 'New South Africa'?
Authors: Bottomley John
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
Revisiting the causes of the South African War - Smith, R. 1996. The origins of the South African War, 1899 - 1920
Authors: Du Pisani Kobus
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
"Garrisoning the moon against an attack from Mars"; the siege of Mafeking and the imperial mindset
Authors: Bottomley John
Published: April 2024

Die Beleg van Mafeking sal altyd 'n belangrike hoofstuk in die annale van Imperialisme wees. Die amptelike interpretasie van gebeure word geboekstaaf deur dagboeke. Drie Victoria Kruise is toegeken, en loopbane en reputasies, wat die glorie van 'n dankbare Ryk weerspieël het, was gewaarborg. Maar was dit die realiteit? Hierdie referaat poog om 'n breër perspektief en derhalwe 'n beter begrip van die Beleg weer te gee. Dit sluit in Sol Plaatje se beskrywing van die onthutsende opofferings deur swartes; Abraham Stafleu se weergawe van die onbekwaamheid en onverdraagsaamheid van die Boereleierskap en hoe naby hulle aan 'n oorwinning was. Ada Cock met haar babas se heroïese stryd om oorlewing te midde van 'n nagmerriewêreld van angs en warboel. Sulke dergelike wyd uiteenlopende perspektiewe illustreer die dilemmas in die weg van die wat Imperialisme wil verstaan. Hierdie ideologie het sy ontstaan te danke aan die Britse adel se oorlewingsdrang en het ontwikkel tot 'n globale dominasie-meganisme. Die magie van Imperialisme het miljoene betower en vele het hulle lewens daarvoor opgeoffer. Teenoor diegene wat die Imperialistiese ideaal gedien het, was daar bevolkingsgroepe wat gely het; en selfs in die 1990s is daar nag groot bevolkingsgroepe van 'lewende gewondes' wat sukkel om hulle te versoen met die wêreld wat die Imperialiste geskep het.
Once one has seen God, what is the remedy?1 Review of Tilman Dedering, Hate the old and follow the new: Khoekhoe and missionaries in early nineteenth-century Namibia
Authors: Luijks Carla
Published: April 2024

No abstract available.
Relaxing the reflexes: Reflections on Herodotus' "historical truth"
Authors: Allen Geoff R.
Published: April 2024

Een van die mees kontensieuse vraagstukke onder historici wentel tans om die geldigheid van "postmoderne" historiese teorie en praktyk (en by uitstek, antifondasionalisme en die daaruit vloeiende ontkenning van die in-beginsel moontlikheid van waarheid in Geskiedenis). Hierdie artikel beoog 'n eerste stap in 'n ondersoek of hierdie waarheidsbeskouing, binne die konteks van Geskiedenis, werklik radikaal is, of bloot die rhetoriek van 'n "nuwe konserwatisme". Die benadering wat gevolg is, behels 'n analise van die praktiese waarheidsbeskouing en die rol van "navorsing" in die werk van die vroegste Westerse historikus: Herodotus van Halikarnassus, binne die toepaslike intellektuele konteks. Hieruit blyk dit dat Herodotus se waarheidsaansprake nog absoluut nog fundamentalisties was nie, maar eerder op metodologiese gronde berus het, wat die sentrale rol van navorsing in Geskiedenis beklemtoon. Ter afsluiting word voorgestel dat, binne die konteks van Geskiedenis, "postmoderne" en klassieke waarheidsbeskouings eerder retories as konseptueel verskil. Die kwessie van die rol en plek van navorsing en metodologie in Geskiedenis is egter veel belangriker. 'Postmoderniste" wat deur die gevestigde historiese gemeenskap ernstig opgeneem wil word, sal Ban hierdie dimensie van hulle werk besondere aandag moet skenk.
Re-creation, tourism and historical presentation: The cases of Georgetown, Colorado (USA), and Gamkaskloof, Western Province (South Africa) considered
Authors: Goetze Tim
Published: April 2024

Die geskiedenis van twee gemeenskappe, een wat op mynbou gegrond was en die ander op boerdery, word in die artikel vergelyk. Georgetown, Colorado, in die V.S.A. het in 1859 ontstaan, terwyl die koloniale wording van die Gamkaskloof-gemeenskap in Suid-Afrika vanaf 1841 strek. Beide gemeenskappe is deur middel van paaie meer toegangklik gemaak, met uiteenlopende gevolge. Beide verkeer tans in 'n oorgangsproses. Hulle word herskep as weerspieëlings van hulle onderskeie verledes ten einde hulle toekoms te probeer waarborg. Georgetown, 'n eertydse mynboudorp, was in sy gloriedae die 'silwer koningin' van die Rotsgebergtes genoem. Sy status het in die begin van die twintigste eeu tot die van 'n spookdorp gedaal. Vanaf die middel van die 1940s het verskeie mense pogings aangewend om Georgetown te restoureer, ten einde die verlede werklikheid van sy kulturele en historiese landskap te probeer herstel. Gamkaskloof, 'n eertydse oorwegend Afrikaner boerderygemeenskap in die Swartberge van die Suid-Kaap in Suid-Afrika het 'n vergelykbare ontwikkeling deurgeloop. Gevolglik is Georgetown en Gamkaskloof vergelykbare voorbeelde van mense se futiele ywer om die skyn van verlore kulture as werklikhede aan te bied.
A radiological study on anatomical variations of frontal sinus and its’ drainage pathway in a Nepalese adult population
Authors: Gyawali B R , Karki U R , Pacchai P , Bhusal K R , Gurung U , Thapa N , Pradhan B
Published: April 2024

Background: This study aims to assess anatomical variations in the frontal sinus and its drainage pathway within the Nepalese population. Methodology: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of ENT-HNS and Radiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus in Nepal. Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) computed tomography files of patients were analyzed over a year to assess pneumatization variations, frontal sinus size, presence of intersinus septa, olfactory fossa depth, frontal recess cells, and anterior ethmoidal artery position. Imaging files with obscuring disease processes or obtained in different positions, hindering frontal sinus or recess visibility, were excluded. Data analysis employed SPSS version 25, using descriptive statistics (median, range, interquartile range), Chi-squared tests, and Cramer’s V. Results: Among total sinuses analyzed, 7% exhibited unpneumatized frontal sinuses (3.3% bilaterally, 6.7% unilaterally). Median dimensions for right and left frontal sinuses were 10.2 x 11.15 x 11.7 mm and 10.2 x 11.1 x 11.6 mm, respectively. Predominant fin- dings included mixed upper uncinate process attachments, Type II olfactory fossa, agger nasi as the commonest anteriorly based cells, and supra bulla cells as the prevalent posteriorly based cells. Conclusion: Investigation of frontal sinus anatomy in the Nepalese population revealed distinct features. While generally well- developed, these sinuses exhibited relatively smaller dimensions compared to other ethnic groups. Consistent with prior studies, agger nasi and supra bulla cells were the most prevalent anteriorly and posteriorly based cells, respectively.
Perplexity Games: Maoism vs. Literature through the Lens of Cognitive Stylometry
Authors: Kurzynski Maciej
Published: April 2024

The arrival of large language models (LLMs) has provoked an urgent search for stylistic markers that could differentiate machine text from human text, but while the human-like appearance of machine text has captivated public attention, the reverse phenomenon—human text becoming machine-like—has raised much less concern. This conceptual lag is surprising given the ample historical evidence of state-backed attempts to regulate human thought. The present article proposes a new comparative framework, Perplexity Games, to leverage the predictive power of LLMs and compare the statistical properties of Maospeak, a language style that emerged during the Mao Zedong’s era in China (1949-1976), with the style of canonical modern Chinese writers, such as Eileen Chang (1920-1995) and Mo Yan (1955-). The low perplexity of Maospeak, as computed across different GPT models, suggests that the impact of ideologies on language can be compared to likelihood-maximization text-generation techniques which reduce the scope of valid sequence continuations. These findings have cognitive implications: whereas engineered languages such as Maospeak hijack the predictive mechanisms of human cognition by narrowing the space of linguistic possibilities, literature resists such cognitive constraints by dispersing the probability mass over multiple, equally valid paths. Exposure to diverse language data counters the influences of ideologies on our linguistically mediated perceptions of the world and increases the perplexity of our imaginations.
Input Regularization for Integer Optimal Control in BV with Applications to Control of Poroelastic and Poroviscoelastic Systems
Authors: Bociu Lorena , Manns Paul , Severitt Marvin , Strikwerda Sarah
Published: April 2024

We revisit a class of integer optimal control problems for which a
trust-region method has been proposed and analyzed in arXiv:2106.13453v3
[math.OC]. While the algorithm proposed in arXiv:2106.13453v3 [math.OC]
successfully solves the class of optimization problems under consideration, its
convergence analysis requires restrictive regularity assumptions. There are
many examples of integer optimal control problems involving partial
differential equations where these regularity assumptions are not satisfied. In
this article we provide a way to bypass the restrictive regularity assumptions
by introducing an additional partial regularization of the control inputs by
means of mollification and proving a $\Gamma$-convergence-type result when the
support parameter of the mollification is driven to zero. We highlight the
applicability of this theory in the case of fluid flows through deformable
porous media equations that arise in biomechanics. We show that the regularity
assumptions are violated in the case of poro-visco-elastic systems, and thus
one needs to use the regularization of the control input introduced in this
article. Associated numerical results show that while the homotopy can help to
find better objective values and points of lower instationarity, the practical
performance of the algorithm without the input regularization may be on par
with the homotopy.
SAĞLIK ETKİ DEĞERLENDİRMESİ (SED) KAVRAMI VE TÜRKİYE DENEYİMİ
Authors: Köprülü Ali Şefik
Published: April 2024

Batı dünyasında özellikle son yıllarda ulusal ve/veya yerel düzeyde geliştirilen
projelerin toplumsal ve bireysel sağlık üzerine etkisini irdelemek amacıyla “sağlık etki
değerlendirilmesi (SED)” kavramı bir yöntem olarak önerilmektedir. 1 Dünya Sağlık
Örgütü’nün (DSÖ) de desteğini alan bu süreç ülkemizde de uygulanmaya başlanmış olup
makalemizde bu kavram ve ülkemizdeki durumu tartışılacaktır.
Eczacılık ve Yapay Zeka
Authors: Yanartaş Büşra Sude , Kuday Hilal
Published: April 2024

Endüstri 4.0 devriminin gerçekleşmesi ile kavramlar yeniden anlamlandırılmış ve birçok yeni kavram ortaya çıkmıştır. Yapay zekâ da bu kavramlardan biridir. Bununla birlikte blok zincir, nesnelerin interneti, 5G gibi kavramlarla güncel teknolojiler oluşmuştur.
Teknolojinin hayatımıza daha fazla girmesinin, randevu, reçeteleme ve hasta takibi gibi sağlık hizmetlerinde önemli katkıları olmuştur. Pandemide sağlığın öneminin daha da artmasıyla, teknolojiye ek olarak dünyada sağlık sistemlerinin hızla dijitalleştiği görülmektedir.
Yeni bir ilaç keşfi ortalama 14 yıl süren, yüklü maliyetlere sebep olan bir birikimdir. Bu keşiflerin birçoğu ise klinik denemelerinde başarısız olmaktadır. Bu sebeple ilaç firmaları, son zamanlarda verimliliklerini artırmak ve süreçten olumlu yönde etkilenmek için yapay zekâya yönelmişlerdir.
Yapay zekâ, insanın doğal zekâsına özgü olan, algılama, karar verme ve üretme gibi bilişsel işlevleri taklit eden makineleri tanımlamak için kullanılır. Bu doğrultuda, modern süper bilgisayarlar ve yapay zekâ kullanılarak, moleküllerin etkilerinin tahmin edilmesi planlanmaktadır.
Yapay zekanın eczacılık sektörüne dahil olmasıyla hasta tasarımı, in silico deneyler ve ilaç tedarik sürecindeki yeni teknolojiler popülerlik kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada amaç dijitalleşmenin ana unsurlarından biri olan yapay zekânın eczacılık üzerine etkisi hakkında bilgi vermektir.
DİŞ HASTANESİNDE RİSKLERİN ORTAM ÖLÇÜMLERİNE DAYANDIRILARAK FMEA YÖNTEMİYLE İNCELENMESİ; ÜNİVERSİTE HASTANESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Ülgü Sedat , Barışık Tolga , Acar Hafiz Hulusi
Published: April 2024

Ağız ve diş sağlığı hizmetlerinin verildiği kurumlarda iş sağlığı güvenliği uygulamaları, yaşanabilecek iş kazalarının ve meslek hastalıklarının önüne geçmede önemli bir yaklaşım olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu kurumlarda fiziksel, kimyasal, biyolojik, ergonomik, psikososyal vb. birçok risk etmeni bir arada bulunmaktadır. Ağız ve diş sağlığı hizmetlerinin verildiği kurumlarda diş ünitleri, laboratuvar, sterilizasyon birimi gibi bölümler yer almakta ve çalışanların işlem esnasında maksimum hassasiyeti göstermesi ve iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kurallarına uygun hareket etmesi gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda Ağız Diş Sağlığı Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’nde mevcut risklerin tespit edilip gerekli önlemlerin alınması adına FMEA (Hata Türleri ve Etkileri Analizi) yöntemiyle risk analizi çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Risk analizindeki bulguları destekleme ve somut veriler oluşturma adına işletmede aydınlatma, toz, termal konfor, radyasyon, gürültü (kişisel ve ortam), VOC (uçucu organik bileşikleri) gibi ortam ölçümleri gerçekleştirilerek çalışmaya derinlik katılmıştır. Bu çalışmayla ağız diş sağlığı uygulama ve araştırma merkezlerinde mevcut risklerin etkili bir şekilde tespit edilmesi ve alınacak önlemler ile kurum içerisinde yaşanabilecek iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarının en aza indirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu araştırma, bulgularıyla ve ortam ölçüm sonuçlarıyla değerlendirildiğinde risklerin belirlenip gerekli önlemlerin alınmasının kazaların azalmasında önemli bir etken olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Yine bu çalışma ile FMEA yönteminin ADSM gibi kurumlarda uygulama konusunda çok yoğun bilgi birikimi ve tecrübe gerektiren bir metot olduğu görülmüştür.
65-75 Yaş Arası Hastalarda Kardiyovasküler Risk ve Kırık Riski Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YİĞİT Ece , OKŞEN Doğaç , BASAT Sema
Published: April 2024

Kardiyovasküler hastalıklar (KVH) tüm dünyada ve ülkemizde mortalitenin başlıca sebebidir. KVH riskinin belirlenmesi hem KVH geçirmiş hem de geçirme riski taşıyan kişiler için çok önemlidir çünkü korumaya yönelik tedavi hedefleri riske göre belirlenmektedir (1). Yıllar içerisinde geliştirilmiş, birbirlerine göre avantaj ve dezavantajları olan birçok KVH risk belirleme yöntemi vardır. Bunlardan başlıcaları Framingham, Sistemik Koroner Risk Tahmini (SCORE), Q-Risk ve British National Formulary (BNF) olarak sayılabilir (2). En sık görülen metabolik kemik hastalığı olan osteoporoz (OP), düşük kemik kütlesi ve kemik dokunun mikro yapısında bozulma ile karakterize, kemik frajilitesinde ve kırık riskinde artışa neden olan sistemik bir hastalıktır (3). KVH ve OP ileri yaş başta olmak üzere birçok ortak risk faktörü ve patofizyolojik mekanizmaya sahiptir. Osteoporoz direkt olarak ölüm oranını arttırmamak ile birlikte neden olduğu kırıkların tedavi edilmemesi ve komplikasyonların gelişmesi durumunda özellikle yaşlı hastalar için tehlikeli olabilir. Bu nedenle, osteoporozun önlenmesi, erken teşhis ve uygun tedavi önemlidir. OP tanısı dansitometre ile kemik mineral yoğunluğu (KMY) ölçümü yapılarak konulmaktadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) klinik risk faktörleri ve femur boynu KMY değerini kullanarak kırık riskini belirleyen Kırık Risk Değerlendirme Ölçeği (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool, FRAX) adında bir algoritma oluşturmuştur (4). FRAX’dan 10 yıl içerisinde kalça kırığı veya major olay olasılığını hesaplamak ve birey bazlı tedavi kararı vermek için yararlanılmaktadır. OP kırıkların en sık sebebi olmak ile birlikte OP hiç olmamasına rağmen diğer risk faktörlerinin varlığında kırık riski yüksek olabilir. Literatürde KVH ve OP ilişkisi hakkında yapılmış çok sayıda araştırma bulunmakla birlikte KVH ve kırık riski arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendiren çalışma sayısı çok azdır. Çalışmamızın amacı skorlama sistemlerini kullanarak 65-75 yaş arası hastalarda KVH riski ve kırık riski arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir.
Sabbath Observance: Social Analysis in the Context of Community Welfare
Authors: Dwiky Mulyono Antonius , C. Hendriks Alvyn
Published: April 2024

Discusses the importance of Sabbath observance in both social and spiritual contexts. Sabbath, the day of rest ordained by the Law of God, provides time for humans to rest, worship, and connect with others. The practice of Sabbath observance not only holds spiritual implications but also economic and social ones. Sabbath observance restricts economic activities, thus aiding in reducing social disparities temporarily. Furthermore, Sabbath strengthens brotherhood and unity within communities. The concepts of the Sabbatical Year and the Year of Jubilee also bring forth positive social implications, including debt release and emancipation of slaves, providing opportunities for the less fortunate. Hence, Sabbath observance has a positive impact on societal well-being
Influence of promotions, price perceptions, service quality towards customer loyalty through customer satisfaction Gojek in Jakarta
Authors: Vemberain Jesselin , Rakhman Abdullah
Published: April 2024

The evolution of technology has deeply impacted various industries, notably transportation services, facilitated by advancements like online platforms such as Gojek in Indonesia. In this research, the authors expect the direct and positive influence of promotion, price perception, and service quality on customer satisfaction and the indirect impact on customer loyalty. Questionnaires were distributed to 198 Gojek users in Jakarta. The data analysis using SPSS and WarpPLS suggests strong correlations between promotion, price perception, service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. However, while promotion and price perception significantly affect customer loyalty, the impact on service quality is negligible. Customer Satisfaction acts as a mediator between these variables and customer loyalty. Further research can utilize additional variables because the independent variables used in this study can only explain 60% of the purchasing decision process. Other variables explain 40 % of it.
Inclusivo, innovador y fraternal, así es PANLAR Joven
Authors: Fajardo Estefanía
Published: April 2024

El reconocimiento al Espíritu Panamericano 2024 fue entregado a este grupo que busca establecer “vínculos académicos y de amistad” entre especialistas jóvenes y emergentes.
Enteroparasitoses na era da pandemia de coronavirus: experiencia de um hospital universitário público no rio de janeiro referência no atendimento de pacientes com SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Camargo Gabriela Leite de , Sa Rafael Silveira Alves de , Kneodler Junior Luiz Claudio de Assis , Pimentel Sofia Barbosa da Costa , Correal Júlio César Delgado , Silva José Roberto Machado e , Damasco Paulo Vieira
Published: April 2024

As doenças gastrointestinais causadas por parasitos intestinais (protozoários e helmintos) representam um desafio significativo para a saúde pública, particularmente em regiões carentes de saneamento básico e acesso à água potável. Este estudo analisou a prevalência desses parasitos em pacientes atendidos no maior hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro (Hospital Pedro Ernesto) antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Durante o período pré-pandemia (agosto de 2019 a março de 2020) e a pandemia (março de 2020 a abril de 2022), foram realizados exames coproparasitológicos pelos métodos de Lutz ou Hoffman, Pons e Janer, Kato-Katz e Baermann-Moraes. Dos 5.030 exames analisados, 33,1% foram realizados antes da pandemia e 72,7% durante ela. A prevalência geral de parasitoses intestinais foi de 4,3%. Protozoários comensais como Endolimax nana e Entamoeba coli foram mais comuns do que o patogênico, Giardia intestinalis. Além disso, a prevalência total de Strongyloides stercoralis foi 1,3%. A análise estatística não revelou diferenças significativas na prevalência de parasitos intestinais entre os dois períodos. A frequência de diarreia na série de casos de pacientes com coronavírus variou de 2 a 50%. Não registramos casos de pacientes com estrongiloidíase disseminada durante a pandemia de COVID-19.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Bagi Perempuan untuk Mendapat Kesempatan Kerja Guna Meningkatkan Perekonomian Keluarga
Authors: Yansyah Deri , Wati Evy Ratna Kartika , Nurrizalia Mega , Kurniawan M. Ilham , Batrisya Amira , Wulandari Riska
Published: April 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak sekolah terhadap prospek kerja perempuan. Studi ini juga bermaksud untuk menyelidiki masalah yang dihadapi perempuan di sektor yang tidak terorganisir. Pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dan deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian yang memberikan nilai tinggi pada informasi verbal, pengamatan mendalam, dan memahami makna dari asal-usul fenomena sosial atau humanisme dikenal sebagai penelitian kualitatif. Alih-alih menggunakan populasi, pendekatan kualitatif beralih dari individu yang terisolasi ke lokasi dengan keadaan sosial yang sebanding. Pendekatan kualitatif yang subjektif, naratif, dan mencakup semuanya, memiliki kapasitas untuk menghasilkan teori. Dalam proses penelitian, pendekatan kualitatif lebih penting daripada hasil yang akan terjadi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan memiliki peran penting dalam pekerjaan perempuan, meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga, dan mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi perempuan di pasar tenaga kerja resmi dan informal.
Exploring STEM Education for Real-World Climate Change Concerns to Empower Students as Change Agents
Authors: Maspul Kurniawan Arif
Published: April 2024

This article explores the application of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) curriculum to real-world problems, with a focus on increasing the relevance and community involvement in climate change projects. Students are empowered to actively contribute to the resolution of problems in their communities when they are involved in community-based activities. This method encourages student involvement, critical thinking, and a sense of social responsibility. STEM projects must be aligned with suitable grade levels and selected major real-world problems to be successful and appropriate. Climate change was chosen as a real-world topic because of its urgency and far-reaching repercussions, which necessitate multidisciplinary approaches and innovative solutions. Students gain critical thinking skills, problem-solving ability, and a sense of environmental stewardship by immersing them in the subject of climate change. The article outlines a qualitative approach that involves literature review, group discussions, and educator observations to lay a solid theoretical foundation and ensure the strategy's success. The debate focuses on the significance of meaningful educational experiences, ways for preparing educators for community involvement, and the need to recognize and celebrate accomplishments. Students get a deeper knowledge of scientific principles while developing the skills and mindset to address global concerns as responsible global citizens by integrating STEM education, community involvement, and climate change.