bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manufacture and performance test of suspended batch centrifuge for extraction of glucomannan from porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: Hanifah U , Novrinaldi  , Haryanto A , Furqon M , Ma`muri  , Mulyani D
Published: August 2024

Porang is a potential local agricultural commodity in Indonesia for future food. This commodity contains ingredients beneficial for health, namely glucomannan, but also contains calcium oxalate, which is dangerous for the skin and kidneys. For this reason, it needs treatment to remove the oxalate content and other impurities in it. This research aims to manufacture and carry out performance tests on centrifuge equipment to remove oxalate and other impurities from porang flour. In the tubers porang glucomannan extracting process, the centrifuges machine separates the solvent (ethanol) and other impurities, such as the oxalate and starch, centrifugation principle. The type of centrifuge manufactured is the suspended batch centrifuge type, where the solids will remain in the walls of the centrifuge while the liquid solvent and other fine particles are thrown out of the centrifuge. The machine’s overall dimensions are 1049 mm × 697 mm in height and width, with a designed capacity of 2 kg of porang flour per batch. The main components of the centrifuge consist of a material intake system equipped with a suction pump, a centrifuge tube equipped screen, a centrifuge housing static tube equipped slurry outlet, a drive motor, a mounting frame, and a control panel. Functional and performance tests have been carried out on centrifuges with rotation variations speeds of 500, 750, and 1000 rpm. The response parameters observed were energy consumption, machine vibration, and effectiveness of solids and slurry extraction. Data analysis for response parameters using ANOVA. Increasing centrifuge rotation in the range of 500-1000 rpm did not significantly affect extraction effectiveness (P>0.05) however, energy consumption and vibration showed significant differences (P<0.05) due to differences in centrifuge rotation speed.
Organoleptic properties of peranakan etawa goat’s milk ice cream mixed with purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) and its financial feasibility analysis
Authors: Fitrotin U , El-Maula G M , Djaafar T F , Rosida  , Marwati T
Published: August 2024

The strong goaty flavor of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goat’s milk causes problems when it is processed into various derivative products, including ice cream. The research objectives are to examine the effect of the purple sweet potato pasta addition on the organoleptic properties of ice cream made from PE goat’s milk and to analyze its financial feasibility. The ingredients used are PE goat’s milk, purple sweet potato, and other ice cream-forming aids. The treatment consisted of three concentration levels of purple sweet potato pasta, namely 20%, 25%, and 30%. Organoleptic test was carried out by 30 untrained panelists. Statistical analysis method of ANOVA was applied to compare the effect of each treatment to the quality parameter of obtained ice cream. Financial feasibility analysis of ice cream production on a production scale/year (4,800 packs of ice cream). The results showed that PE goat’s milk mixed with 30% purple sweet potato pasta produced better than the other treatments and significantly different organoleptic properties compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Production of PE goat’s milk ice cream mixed with purple sweet potato has a Break-Even Point (BEP) of Rp. 15,869,024 with a profit of Rp. 7,729,104 per year, Gross B/C ratio 1.62 and a payback period of 2 years and 6 months. Thus, mixing purple sweet potato as much as 30% in PE goat’s milk ice cream provides the best organoleptic properties and opportunities for household-scale businesses.
Effect of soy protein isolate addition on the physical and sensory characteristics of dry noodles with modified-cassava flour substituted
Authors: Guritno G P , David W , Novitasari E , Ratnaningsih R
Published: August 2024

Incorporating modified cassava flour (MCF) into dry noodles production exhibited a notable drawback, namely its inadequate protein composition, hence rendering it non-compliant with the established SNI 01-2974-1996 criterion for dry noodles. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of soy protein isolate (SPI) application into dry noodles substituted with modified cassava flour (DNMCF), with a focus on evaluating the moisture, protein, physical and sensory quality of the resulting products in compliance with the Indonesia National Standard (SNI 01-2974-1996). The soy protein isolate (SPI) was applied at varying percentages (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) in the formulation. The findings showed that moisture and protein content in dry noodles prepared using MCF substitution and supplemented with 5%, 7.5%, and 10% of SPI aligned with the standards outlined 1 in the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The findings indicated that including 5% SPI resulted in sensory attributes, including color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall acceptability, that closely resembled those of the control sample. In contrast, adding 7.5% and 10% of SPI provided sensory characteristics significantly different from the control. The hedonic test conducted on commercial DNMCF revealed that including MCF and 5% of SPI did not result in any statistically significant differences in acceptability, aroma, taste, texture, and overall perception (p>0.05). The color of DNMCF with SPI application had a discernible tinge of brown in contrast to the commercial DNMCF, which has been deemed unsatisfactory by the panelists. The inclusion of SPI at a concentration of 5% resulted in the following composition: 6.41% of moisture content, 3.32% of ash, 11.74% of protein, 0.38% of fat, and 78.16% of carbohydrate. The application of 5% SPI on DNMCF met the consumer preference and met the quality standard of SNI 01-2974-1996.
In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of aqueous extract of microalgae strain MRB-1, MRB-2, and MRB-3
Authors: Darsih C , Ni’maturrohmah D , Suryani R , Susanti H , Hidhayati N
Published: August 2024

The awareness growth of human health encourages market demand of functional food. Microalgae are promoted as natural resources for functional food, food additives and food preservatives, considering their metabolites and nutrient-rich components with diverse pharmacological activities. This study aims to evaluate the phytochemicals, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of aqueous extracts of microalgae strain MRB-1, MRB-2, and MRB-3. The morphological surface of microalgae cells was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The metabolites of the extract were conducted using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (LC-HRMS) with positive and negative ion modes. In addition, the antioxidant activity was evaluated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and the antibacterial activity was assessed using the agar disk-diffusion method against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739). The total phenolic contents (TPC) of the extract was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The result revealed that the aqueous extract of microalgae strain MRB-1 had the highest scavenging activity toward DPPH radicals with a value of 24.33±1.44% at 0.8 mg/mL. This data was in accordance with the TPC of the extract, whereas the highest TPC was also obtained from strain MRB-1 extract (17.73±0.64 mg GAE/g extract). Meanwhile, the MRB-2 extract had the highest inhibition activity against S. aureus, with a value of 11.78±2.06 mm at 18 mg/mL. The results of this study indicated that microalgae from the peatlands potentially benefit to human health as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial source.
Antioxidant and antielastase activities of antiaging granules containing aloe vera (Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) and rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.)
Authors: Chandra E C , Wulandari R , Ni’maturrohmah D , Arsiningtyas I S , Nisa K , Sefrienda A R , Suryani A E , Haryanti S , Handayani S
Published: August 2024

Skin aging can be overcome with natural ingredients acting as antiaging agents. Several compounds in aloe vera gel (Aloe vera) and rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa) have antiaging activity. This study aims to determine the effect of granule products containing combinations of aloe vera gel and rosella in a 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 ratio on the physical and chemical characteristics, as well as antioxidant and antielastase activities. This study used a laboratory experimental research design using a completely randomized design (CRD). Solubility time, color, and viscosity tests were used to determine the physical characteristics. Moisture content, pH, total anthocyanins, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, total polysaccharide, o-acetyl polysaccharide, antioxidant, and antielastase were used to determine the chemical characteristics. Antioxidant and antielastase were used to determine the antiaging activity of granules. The result revealed that the combination of aloe vera gel and rosella at 1:3 significantly increased antioxidant and antielastase activity of antiaging granule products compared to untreated granule control. The granules containing aloe vera gel and rosella in this study showed antioxidant and antielastase activities.
Changes in lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemic rat (Rattus norvegicus) treated with iles-iles synbiotic effervescent tablets
Authors: Ngatirah  , Wijaya R P , Ruswanto A , Widyasaputra R , Syaflan M
Published: August 2024

The development of innovations in the use of functional food is growing, especially in the health sector. Synbiotic products are developed by combining prebiotics with probiotics. Synbiotic effervescent tablets provide prebiotic and probiotic compounds as supplements so they can be consumed and provide healthy effects. This study aims to determine the effect of giving synbiotic effervescent tablets from iles-iles tubers on lipid profiles and determine the lowest dose of synbiotic effervescent tablets in reducing cholesterol levels in blood rats. This study used the Randomized Complete Block Design as the experimental design, with a dose of tablet treatment 0.045 g/day/200 g rat body weight (half of normal dose), 0.09 g/day/200 g rat body weight (normal dose), and 0.18 g/day/200 g rat body weight (twice of normal dose). Rats given distilled water without being treated with tablets were used as controls. The lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL) of the rats were measured after the treatment. Body weight changes were also monitored throughout the study. Treatment using synbiotic effervescent tablets at all doses for 28 days can lower total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL and increase HDL. The highest cholesterol reduction (49.94%) was found in rats given tablet doses twice the normal dose for 28 days.
Estrus response to estrus synchronization using prostaglandin nanoparticle in beef cattle in Majalengka regency
Authors: Kusumaningrum DA , Sopiyana S , Gustiani E , Praharani L , Widiawati Y , Arrazy AF , Kostaman T , Azizah N , Adiati U , Rusdiana S , Hafid A , Muttaqin Z
Published: August 2024

The study was conducted to determine the estrus response to the applying of prostaglandin nanoparticles (PNp) in two different estrous synchronization protocols. The estrus synchronization occurred in the Majalengka Regency in different years at the same location. The first study (study 1), estrus synchronization was carried out using a single PNp injection protocol, which was preceded by corpus luteum (CL) selection (21 cows). The second study (study 2), double PNp injections were carried out at day-0 and day-11 without prior CL selection (23 cows). The observation of estrus: onset of estrus and estrus quality (score 0-3) were observed 1-5 days after the PNp injection. Results of the study showed that 100% of the cattle were in estrus 2-3 days after the injection of PNp (study 1). The study 2, the estrus response appeared 2-3 days after the PNp injection: 17.35% showed an estrus response after the first PNp injection, 78.26% showed an estrus response at the second PNp injection, and 4.35% showed no estrus response. The pregnancy rate after estrus synchronization is 66.7% and 68.2% for studies 1 and 2. It can be concluded that there is a good response to estrus and pregnancy rate in the application of PNp in both single injections preceding CL selection and double injections with two periods of insemination. Both methods can be applied for estrus synchronization for more savings in PNp hormone administration. The application of that method depends on hormone availability and technician expertise in CL detection.
The effect of feeding level on protein and energy utilization in young and mature Kacang goats
Authors: Luthfi N , Rianto E , Mukminah N , Lestari C M S , Purbowati E , Purnomoadi A
Published: August 2024

A study was conducted to evaluate the amount of feeding on nutrient utilization of Kacang goats. This study used 16 heads, consisting of 8 young Kacang goats (5-6 months old), weighing 12.75 kg (CV = 2.4%), and 8 mature Kacang goats (12-15 months old), weighing 17.34 kg (CV = 2.7%). The diet was in the form of pellets, consisting of 25% wheat straw, 32% soybean meal, 39% rice bran, 3% sugarcane molasses, and 1% minerals. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) in a nested structure. The main factor (the nest) was the age of the goat, i.e. young and mature, while the second factor (the nested factor) was feeding level, i.e. low (maintenance level) and high (twice maintenance level). The parameters were dry matter intake (DMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), protein and energy intake, protein and energy digestibility, protein and energy retention, body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion. The results showed the goat of high feeding level had higher DMI (P<0.05) than that of low feeding level, both in the young goat (243 g/d vs 466 g/d) and the mature goat (303g/d vs 657). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in DMD between feeding levels and between age of goats (averaged 73.67%). The goats of high level had higher (P<0.01) nutrients retention in goats and the mature goats. The goats of high feeding level had significantly higher (P<0.05) BWG than that of low feeding level (14.64 g/d vs 41.95 g/d in the young goat and 18.35 g/d vs 58.77 g/d in the mature goat). The high feeding level resulted in lower FCR (P<0.01) than the lower feeding level, both in the young goats (16.40 vs 11.44) and in the mature goats (16.47 vs 11.47). It can be concluded that young and mature Kacang goats had similar abilities in feed digestion. The higher feeding level resulted in the better utilization of dietary protein and energy, and productivity of the goat.
Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Silage Inoculant Candidate
Authors: Rohmatussolihat  , Ridwan Roni , Astuti Wulansih D. , Fidriyanto Rusli , Meliah Siti , Sarwono Ki A. , Fitri Ainissya , Sopiani Piyah , Ragamustari Safendrri K. , Ilyas Muhammad , Widyastuti Yantyati , Ridla Muhammad , Mubarik Nisa Rachmania , Jayanegara Anuraga
Published: August 2024

Silage fermentation is generally assisted by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The aim of this study was to screen selected LABs for silage inoculant. A total of 60 LAB isolates from the Indonesian Culture Collection (InaCC) were used in this study. Screening was carried out in an MRS broth medium using three different substrates, which were glucose, sucrose, and carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC). The supernatant from LAB cultures was tested for pH, lactic acid (LA) concentration, antimicrobial activity, and cellulolytic activity. The results of the screening obtained 4 LAB isolates to be used as silage inoculant. Three LAB isolates selected from the glucose substrate were Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC-B1024, Lactobacillus plantarum InaCC-B1028, and L. brevis InaCC-B1052. Lactobacillus fermentum InaCC B1024 has a pH, LA concentration, cellulolytic activity, and percentage inhibition of 3.71, 318.931 mM, and 0.806 U/mL, > 95% antibacterial inhibition against B. subtilis, S. auerus, K. michiganensis, S. lloydii, and S. gallinarum, and <35% antifungal activity against M. ramosissimus, A.
flavus, F. oxysporum, and P. griseofulvum, respectively. L. plantarum InaCC-B1028 has a pH, LA concentration, cellulolytic activity, and percentage activity of 3.61, 318.833 mM, 0.866 U/ml, > 95% antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli, M. luteus, S.auerus, K. michiganensis, S.lloydii, S. gallinarum, and < 40% antifungal activity against M. ramosissimus, A.
flavus, F. oxysporum, and P. griseofulvum, respectively. L. brevis InaCC-B1052 has a pH, LA concentration, cellulolytic activity, and percentage activity of 3.67, 301.676 mM, no cellulolytic activity, > 95% antibacterial activity against E. coli, M. luteus, S. auerus, K. michiganensis, S. lloydii, S. gallinarum, and < 25% antifungal activity against M. ramosissimus and A. flavus, respectively. One LAB isolate selected from sucrose was L. kimchii InaCC-B982. Its pH, LA concentration, cellulolytic activity, and percentage activity were 3.77, 285.5 mM, 7.288 U/mL, > 95% antibacterial activity against E. coli, M. luteus, S. auerus, K. michiganensis, S. lloydii, S. gallinarum, and <15% antifungal activity against M. ramosissimus, A.
flavus, F. oxysporum, and
P. griseofulvum, respectively. Based on the results, the four LABs could be used as silage inoculant candidates.
Grain diversity of rice collection from South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayatun N , Saputri D H , Galurina R S , Matsohan
Published: August 2024

South Sulawesi province is among the Indonesia rice barns, which is expected to buffer the national rice supply. Although rice stock is mainly produced from high-yielding superior varieties, local germplasm is still the main basis for variety development. Local germplasm has been adapted to various agro-ecosystems and thus has potential as a genetic source for adaptation to climate change. This study was aimed at measuring the diversity of rice germplasm from South Sulawesi based on its grain characteristics. A total of 98 rice accessions that were conserved in the agricultural genebank were examined. Grain length, shape, color, and other grain-related characters were observed following the international standard descriptors for rice. NTSYS-PC software version 2.2 was used to perform clustering analysis. Rice collections from South Sulawesi showed diversity in their grain characteristics. The majority of seeds are awnless, have medium length, medium shape, and straw-colored lemmae-palea and attributed with medium-sized and straw-colored sterile lemmae, and the dehulled grain bran is predominantly white. The rice accessions can be grouped into eight clusters at a similarity level of 52%. This diversity and similarity information is important for germplasm management and utilization. However, due to the limited number of characters used, information from this study cannot yet be used as a basis for their management. More comprehensive characterization efforts need to be conducted in order to make this study more usable, both in supporting conservation and for their utilization
Formulation of soil ameliorant material based on humic and silica to reduce Fe concentration in acid sulfate soils and improve rice growth
Authors: Maftu’ah E , Saleh M , Napisah K , Agustina R , Sulaeman Y , Ningsih R D , Masganti  , Mukhlis  , Anwar K , Hayati A , Lestari Y
Published: August 2024

Applying soil ameliorants can suppress the Iron (Fe) toxicity of paddy cultivation in acid-sulfate soils. Humic materials can interact with Fe and Al metal ions to form chelates so that their solubility decreases. Silica plays a role in reducing the uptake of Fe and Al, reducing the Fe content on the surface of rice roots by increasing the oxidizing strength of rice roots. The research aim was to study the effect of ameliorant material formulation based on humate and silica on decreasing the Fe content in acid sulfate soils and increasing the growth of rice plants. The research was conducted in the Greenhouse, Swampland Agricultural Research Institute, Banjarbaru, from March to October 2022. The experimental design was randomized complete block factorial with the following treatments: Factor 1. Formula of soil ameliorant (F0 = 100% agricultural lime, F1 = 30% humate manufacturer+30% rice husk ash+40% agricultural lime, F2=30% water hyacinth humate+30% rice husk ash+40% agricultural lime, F3=30% water hyacinth humate+30% rice husk biochar + 40% agricultural lime, F4 = 30% humate manufacturer+30% rice husk biochar+40% agricultural lime), Factor 2. Dosage of soil ameliorant (D1 = 1 t/ha, D2 = 2 t/ha, D3 = 4 t/ha). Parameters observed were soil Fe content, available P and soil pH, plant height, and number of rice tillers every two weeks. The results showed that the formula F3, namely 30% water hyacinth humic acid + 30% rice husk biochar + 40% agricultural lime, was capable of decreasing soil Fe levels from 540ppm (F0) to 422 ppm and increasing soil pH from 4.23 (F0) to 4.48 and availability of P from 27 ppm (F0) to 55.20 ppm in acid sulfate soils. In addition, the formula can also increase the growth of rice plants. Improvements in soil chemical properties and plant growth are expected to increase the productivity of Inpara 8 rice plants in acid-sulfate soils.
Effect of lime on soil chemical properties and corn growth in Ultisols Lebak, Banten
Authors: Purnomo J , Yusron M , Jubaedah  , Nurjaya  , Kariada I K
Published: August 2024

The research aimed to study the effect of lime on soil chemical changes and corn growth in Ultisol Lebak, Banten. The soil used is acidic mineral soil with a pH of 4.8 and a high exchangeable (exch) Al content of 6.3 cmolc kg−1. The research design used was a completely randomized design with 6 treatments of lime doses with 5 replications. The dose of lime applied is based on exch Al namely 0, 0.5; 1.0; 1.5, and 2.0 equivalent to 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 t ha−1, respectively, and 1.0 exch Al of fosfatan. The results showed that lime application improved soil chemical properties as reflected by increasing soil pH, exch Ca, Mg, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), and decreasing Al content and saturation. In addition, lime application increases the delta of soil pH. Soil acidity (pH) increased from 4.8 to 6.3; exch Ca levels increased from 1.61 to 12.77 cmolc kg−1, exch Mg levels increased from 0.78 to 0.88 cmolc kg−1.
Analyze QRF model for soil organic carbon map building with digital soil mapping (case study: Sumatra island and Java island)
Authors: Hasanawi A , Purwanto S
Published: August 2024

In the current era of global warming, soil organic content is one of the most important soil properties. The goal of the entire globe is for carbon neutrality to be achieved and regularly assessed. It is hoped that a dynamic, quick and effective soil organic carbon mapping method will be able to distribute the presence of soil organic carbon to support calculations for changes in carbon stocks and carbon sequestration so that carbon neutrality can be achieved. Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) recently has become the ultimate framework for accurately representing spatial distribution based on its quantitative result and uncertainty analysis. These advantages allow DSM to be replicated uniquely in each mapped area. Digital soil mapping requires input in the form of laboratory and field observation results that are spatially modeled using machine learning techniques. Field observations and laboratory data for Sumatra and Java Island from the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Standard Testing (1970-2022) were used in this study, and the results were modeled using Quantile Regression Forests (QRF) in the R Software. Evaluation results from this model with 5738 observation points covering a 47.3 million-hectare-sized island of Sumatra and 3398 observation points covering a 12.8 million-hectare-sized island of Java show an RMSE value of 0.78 with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.31 for Sumatra Island and RMSE value of 0.68 with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.71 for Java Island. These findings indicate that the neighborhoods for the organic carbon content on the islands of Sumatra and Java differ quite noticeably. This may be due to the relatively wide range in some soils in the Sumatra region, which are peat soils with relatively high carbon content values compared to regions in Java where mineral soils predominate. In conclusion, the evaluation results for digital mapping with the QRF model for soil organic carbon content in Indonesia referring to these 2 large islands show good results with sufficient coefficients of determination in mineral soil areas and there is a need a different modeling approach in areas where peat soil predominates.
Evaluation of surface texturing on chrome-coated cylinder liners via deterministic mixed lubrication simulation
Authors: Silva Samuel A N , Profito Francisco J , Costa Henara L
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the mixed lubrication performance of various surface texture configurations in the piston ring/cylinder liner conjunction of a two-stroke internal combustion engine using a deterministic mixed lubrication model. The numerical model simultaneously solves the Reynolds equation with mass-conserving cavitation to calculate inter-asperity hydrodynamic pressures and an elastic, perfectly plastic, rough contact model to determine contact pressures at each asperity interaction. Gaussian Mixture Model clustering was employed to enhance surface characterization. The deterministic simulation approach considers the full-scale representation of the cylinder liner topography to accurately capture the influence of surface features on the hydrodynamic support and friction under mixed lubrication conditions. The investigated cylinder liners were initially hard-chrome-coated and honed, resulting in a stochastic arrangement of surface pores, and then deterministic patterns of surface pockets were created by micro electrodischarge machining (EDM). Surface measurements were performed using laser interferometry, providing input for the mixed lubrication simulations. The study also explored the virtual removal of ridges formed around the pockets by the EDM technique. Key findings indicate that the stochastic texture outperformed the hybrid texture (stochastic + deterministic) in the boundary and mixed lubrication regimes, showing higher hydrodynamic support at low separations but increased hydrodynamic shear stresses at higher speeds. Conversely, deterministic textures exhibited a significant decrease in average hydrodynamic shear stress at high velocities. These results highlight the critical role of surface texture in tribological behavior and suggest that localized textures on cylinder liners can potentially optimize engine performance. The study recommends further exploration of a broader range of texture geometries, densities, and distribution patterns to enhance engine design strategies.
Orbital magnetization in two-dimensional materials from high-throughput computational screening
Authors: Ovesen Martin , Olsen Thomas
Published: August 2024

We calculate the orbital magnetization of 822 two-dimensional magnetic materials from the Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB). For compounds containing 5d elements we find orbital moments of the order of 0.3–0.5

μ

B

, which points to the necessity of including these in any type of magnetic modeling and comparison with experiments. It is also shown that the alignment of orbital moments with respect to the spin largely follows the predictions from Hund’s rule and that deviations may be explained by the d-band splitting originating from the crystal field—for example in the important case of CrI3. Finally, we show that for certain insulators, Hubbard corrections may lead to large and fully unquenched orbital moments that are pinned to the lattice rather than the spin and that these moments can lead to enormous magnetic anisotropies. Such unquenched ground states are only found from density functional theory calculations that include both Hubbard corrections and self-consistent spin–orbit coupling and largely invalidates the use of the magnetic force theorem for calculating magnetic anisotropies.
Preparation and properties of Hydroxyapatite-Ti composite thin films by co-sputtering method for biocompatibility applications
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong Nhung , Nguyen Viet Ba , Phuong Pham Thi Mai , Pham Sy Hieu , Tran Van Dang , Pham Anh Tuan , Pham Van Huan , Nguyen Thi Thu Hien , Nguyen Thi Lan , Pham Vuong-Hung , Nguyen Duy Cuong
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we report on enhancing the biocompatibility properties of Hydroxyapatite-Titanium (HA-Ti) thin films fabricated using the co-sputtering method. By adjusting the HA/Ti ratio through varying the sputtering power of Ti, we obtained HA-Ti thin films with different crystal structures, morphologies, and hydrophilic properties. HA-Ti thin films sputtered at different titanium powers of 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160 W will obtain thin films with larger grain sizes and poorer crystallinity, respectively. However, their hydrophilic properties increase as the contact angle decreases from 78° to 20° degrees. In vitro BHK cell tests indicated that the HA-Ti thin film had excellent biocompatibility. Therefore, this material is suitable for biological applications and has significant potential in medical implant technology.
Effect of different joining temperatures on IN600/SiC brazed joints
Authors: Wei Ping
Published: August 2024

IN600 superalloy and SiC ceramics has been conducted using an active AgCuTi filler, and the composite joints were characterized using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDS). The results demonstrate successful joining by carefully selecting brazing temperatures and holding times to produce high-integrity joints. The interfacial microanalysis revealed the formation of TiC and Ti5Si3 near the SiC side due to the reaction between titanium, carbon, and silicon. On the IN600 superalloy side, a Ti-Ni compound (TiNi3) was formed as a result of titanium reacting with nickel. The typical microstructure of the brazing joint interface includes: TiC+TiNi3, TiC, Cu(s,s)+Ag(s,s) and TiC+Ti5Si3. Furthermore, the shear strength evaluation of the joints was also conducted at ambient temperatures using a shear test. The experimental findings showed that the sample exhibited the highest shear strength (38 MPa) when subjected to brazing at 910 °C for 10 min. Fracture occurred at the interface between the base material and AgCuTi filler at higher brazing temperature (930 °C).
Driving factors and trend prediction for annual runoff in the upper and middle reaches of the yellow river from 1990 to 2020
Authors: Liu Jie , Tian Jia , Wu Jingjing , Feng Xuejuan , Li Zishuo , Wang Yingxuan , Ya Qian
Published: August 2024

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) plays a pivotal role in the water resources management of its region, significantly influenced by the interplay between climate change and human activities, particularly in its upper and middle reaches (UMRYR). This study aims to elucidate the evolving patterns and determinants of runoff within the UMRYR, a matter of considerable importance for the basin’s water resource management, strategy, and distribution. Utilizing the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, this research accessed comprehensive datasets including precipitation, drought index, and terrace area, among others, to examine their effects on runoff variations at five gauge stations across the YRB. Terrace data was extracted from Landsat imagery via the Random Forest Model, while annual runoff figures from 1990 to 2020 were sourced from the Sediment Bulletin of China River. Employing the Mann-Kendall test, we assessed the temporal changes in runoff over three decades. In addition, runoff drivers were analyzed by stepwise regression and redundancy analysis, leading to the construction of a multiple linear regression model. The accuracy of predicting annual runoff using the multiple linear model was verified through cross-validation and comparison with the ARIMA time series model. Our findings reveal the efficacy of the random forest algorithm in classifying terraces, achieving an accuracy rate exceeding 0.8. The period from 1990 to 2020 saw a general increase in annual runoff across the five gauging stations in the UMRYR, albeit with variations in the pattern, particularly at the Tangnaihai gauge station which presented the most complex changes. Crucially, three main drivers—summer precipitation (SP), terrace area (TR), and drought index (DI)—were identified as significant predictors in the regression models. The multiple linear regression model outperformed the ARIMA model in forecasting accuracy, underlining the significance of integrating these drivers into runoff prediction models for the UMRYR.
Mechanical and tribological performance of ramie composite reinforced with perforated Al/Cu foils
Authors: G Rajamurugan , S Rithvik Athithya , Krishnasamy Prabu , Nadeem A , Kavinkumar L , R Elayaraja
Published: August 2024

The use of composite materials has expanded rapidly in recent years due to their improved performance and environmental friendliness, particularly in the fields of energy generation, automotive, and aerospace. The vehicle bonnet engine shield and automobile interiors were the focus of this study’s investigation of the microstructural properties of ramie epoxy composite reinforced with aluminium and copper foil. Three different composite combinations (RAC1-RAC3) were created utilizing the hand layup method, each with a unique circular geometrical design constructed of copper and aluminium foil with a thickness of 0.03 mm. Tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, erosion, and wear rates were among the mechanical and tribological properties that were ascertained using ASTM test specimens. The findings show that in terms of hardness value (24 HV), tensile strength (58 MPa), impact strength (1.4 J), and flexural strength (93 MPa), the composite RAC3 (60 mm pitch staggered hole) performs mechanically better than other composites. According to erosion studies, erosion is also significantly less when it affects the surface that faces aluminium rather than copper. The highest frictional coefficient at maximum load was attained by the RAC3 composite sample.
Nonlinear dynamic study of FG-GFRC-NPR structures
Authors: Parhi Jagannath Debasis , Roy Tarapada , Kumar Anup , Patnaik Salur Srikant
Published: August 2024

The functionally graded glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite(FG-GFRC) is one of the contemporary sophisticated materials that may be employed for a variety of technical purposes. The shock absorption capacity of FG-GFRP laminates can be improved by incorporating auxetic property (i.e., negative Poisson's ratio NPR) in the structures, which can be attained by a particular stacking sequence of glass fibres (GF) and a different percentage of GF distribution along the thickness direction within the FG-GFRP structure. The nonlinear dynamic behaviour of such structures must be investigated. The clamped-clamped FG-GFRP-NPR structure is stimulated under a uniform transverse load distribution in the current work. Based on the higher-order shear deformation theory (SDT), the displacement field and nonlinear stress–strain relationship are derived. The nonlinear differential equation with cubic non-linear components were derived using Hamilton’s principle and transformed using Galerkin’s technique and obtained governing equation of motion. MATLAB has been used to conduct all numerical simulations. A time series, a phase picture and a Poincare diagram (PCM) were generated to characterize the vibration behavior of such auxetic structures.
Exposure of rural Alaskan infrastructure to coastal erosion and permafrost subsidence
Authors: Brown Meredith J , Passalacqua Paola , Faust Kasey
Published: August 2024

Accelerating permafrost thaw and coastal erosion in rural Alaska destabilize the built environment, increasing the risk of sociotechnical failures that negatively impact nearby communities. Infrastructure adaptation is necessary to mitigate these threats, yet epistemic uncertainty remains about where the most exposed infrastructure is located and the corresponding community impact of failure. As a result, existing adaptation activity may not be prioritized according to relative need, potentially reducing the efficiency and effectiveness of adaptation activity. To address this gap, this study seeks to identify the likely failures, cascading impacts, as well as which communities are likely to experience them. To do so, this study employs machine learning techniques and permafrost terrain maps to identify vulnerable coastlines. Using density-based cluster mapping, statistical summarization, and semi-cognitive mapping, we explore the locations and functions of infrastructure, and infrastructure interdependencies occurring on Alaskan coastlines. Results suggest the following to improve vulnerable infrastructure outcomes: (1) allocate public funding to support adaptation of exposed infrastructure, (2) increase financial and physical resources for resilience research and development for exposed infrastructure, and (3) expand access to adaptation activity through increased local input in decision-making. For instance, as results show that water and sewer infrastructure in the Bethel census area is highly exposed, results could support additional funding to organizations that repair and relocate such infrastructure. Through these changes, regional adaptation activity can become more prioritized—ensuring that funds address the most pressing needs.
On Noetherian algebras, Schur functors and Hemmer–Nakano dimensions
Authors: Cruz Tiago
Published: August 2024

Important connections in representation theory arise from resolving a finite-dimensional algebra by an endomorphism algebra of a generator-cogenerator with finite global dimension; for instance, Auslander’s correspondence, classical Schur–Weyl duality and Soergel’s Struktursatz. Here, the module category of the resolution and the module category of the algebra being resolved are linked via an exact functor known as the Schur functor.

In this paper, we investigate how to measure the quality of the connection between module categories of (projective) Noetherian algebras,

B
B

, and module categories of endomorphism algebras of generator-relative cogenerators over

B
B

which are split quasi-hereditary Noetherian algebras. In particular, we are interested in finding, if it exists, the highest degree

n
n

so that the endomorphism algebra of a generator-cogenerator provides an

n
n

-faithful cover, in the sense of Rouquier, of

B
B

. The degree

n
n

is known as the Hemmer–Nakano dimension of the standard modules.

We prove that, in general, the Hemmer–Nakano dimension of standard modules with respect to a Schur functor from a split highest weight category over a field to the module category of a finite-dimensional algebra

B
B

is bounded above by the number of non-isomorphic simple modules of

B
B

.

We establish methods for reducing computations of Hemmer–Nakano dimensions in the integral setup to computations of Hemmer–Nakano dimensions over finite-dimensional algebras, and vice-versa. In addition, we extend the framework to study Hemmer–Nakano dimensions of arbitrary resolving subcategories. In this setup, we find that the relative dominant dimension over (projective) Noetherian algebras is an important tool in the computation of these degrees, extending the previous work of Fang and Koenig. In particular, this theory allows us to derive results for Schur algebras and the BGG category

O

\mathcal {O}

in the integral setup from the finite-dimensional case. More precisely, we use the relative dominant dimension of Schur algebras to completely determine the Hemmer–Nakano dimension of standard modules with respect to Schur functors between module categories of Schur algebras over regular Noetherian rings and module categories of group algebras of symmetric groups over regular Noetherian rings.

We exhibit several structural properties of deformations of the blocks of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand category

O

\mathcal {O}

establishing an integral version of Soergel’s Struktursatz. We show that deformations of the combinatorial Soergel’s functor have better homological properties than the classical one.
A positivity conjecture on the structure constants of shifted Jack functions
Authors: Alexandersson Per , Féray Valentin
Published: August 2024

We consider Jack polynomials

J
λ

J_\lambda

and their shifted analogue

J
λ
#

J^\#_\lambda

. In 1989, Stanley conjectured that

⟨

J
μ

J
ν

,

J
λ

⟩

\langle J_\mu J_\nu , J_\lambda \rangle

is a polynomial with nonnegative coefficients in the parameter

α
\alpha

. In this note, we extend this conjecture to the case of shifted Jack polynomials.
(𝐺𝐿_{𝑘}×𝕊_{𝕟})-modules of multivariate diagonal harmonics
Authors: Bergeron François
Published: August 2024

This is the first in a series of papers in which we describe explicit structural properties of spaces of diagonal rectangular harmonic polynomials in

k
k

sets of

n
n

variables, both as

G

L
k

GL_k

-modules and

S

n

\mathbb {S}_n

-modules, as well as some of there relations to areas such as Algebraic Combinatorics, Representation Theory, Algebraic Geometry, Knot Theory, and Theoretical Physics. Our global aim is to develop a unifying point of view for several areas of research of the last two decades having to do with Macdonald Polynomials Operator Theory, Diagonal Coinvariant Spaces, Rectangular-Catalan Combinatorics, the Delta-Conjecture, Hilbert Scheme of Points in the Plane, Khovanov-Rozansky Homology of

(
m
,
n
)

(m,n)

-Torus links, etc.
An invitation to positive geometries
Authors: Lam Thomas
Published: August 2024

This short introduction to positive geometries, targeted at a mathematical audience, is based on my talk at OPAC 2022.
The mystery of plethysm coefficients
Authors: Colmenarejo Laura , Orellana Rosa , Saliola Franco , Schilling Anne , Zabrocki Mike
Published: August 2024

Composing two representations of the general linear groups gives rise to Littlewood’s (outer) plethysm. On the level of characters, this poses the question of finding the Schur expansion of the plethysm of two Schur functions. A combinatorial interpretation for the Schur expansion coefficients of the plethysm of two Schur functions is, in general, still an open problem. We identify a proof technique of combinatorial representation theory, which we call the “

s
s

-perp trick”, and point out several examples in the literature where this idea is used. We use the

s
s

-perp trick to give algorithms for computing monomial and Schur expansions of symmetric functions. In several special cases, these algorithms are more efficient than those currently implemented in SageMath.
Realizing simplicial complexes as the boundary of the totally non-negative part of a variety
Authors: Thomas Hugh
Published: August 2024

We raise the question of when a simplicial complex can be recovered as the boundary of the totally non-negative part of a certain variety defined based on either the simplicial complex itself or on a “compatibility degree” function on pairs of vertices. We present some non-trivial examples with origins in combinatorics and representation theory, and briefly discuss the motivation from the study of scattering amplitudes.
A postdoctoral training program in bioimage analysis
Authors: Cimini Beth A. , Tromans-Coia Callum , Stirling David R. , Sivagurunathan Suganya , Senft Rebecca A. , Ryder Pearl V. , Miglietta Esteban , Llanos Paula , Jamali Nasim , Diaz-Rohrer Barbara , Dasgupta Shatavisha , Cruz Mario , Weisbart Erin , Carpenter Anne E.
Published: August 2024

We herein describe a postdoctoral training program designed to train biologists with microscopy experience in bioimage analysis. We detail the rationale behind the program, the various components of the training program, and outcomes in terms of works produced and the career effects on past participants. We analyze the results of an anonymous survey distributed to past and present participants, indicating overall high value of all 12 rated aspects of the program, but significant heterogeneity in which aspects were most important to each participant. Finally, we propose this model as a template for other programs which may want to train experts in professional skill sets, and discuss the important considerations when running such a program. We believe that such programs can have extremely positive impact for both the trainees themselves and the broader scientific community.
Race and the Theologico-Political Problem of Affect
Authors: Nahme Paul E
Published: August 2024

This chapter outlines the way race and religion are configured as a theologico-political problem for liberalism. Presenting a critical gloss on the public/private distinction in liberalism, the chapter suggests that elements of the Exodus narrative have been universalized in such a way that they have ghosted the core eschatological dimension of Jewish messianic thought, resulting in a kind of internalized Jewish racial affect that assimilates into nationalism and the pursuit of statehood, a kind of “cruel optimism.”
Creating “a Movie about the Movies”
Authors: Buchman Andrew
Published: August 2024

The chapter “Creating ‘a Movie about the Movies’” examines the structure of the MGM studio, then traces the genesis of producer Arthur Freed’s early explorations of possible plots and settings. The first drafts of a screenplay by writing team Comden and Green receive the most attention. The salaries paid to cast members reveal a significant gender pay gap, except for Comden. Analyses of structure and themes in the first draft include satires of the studio’s star system, tensions between commercial appeal and artistic ambitions, and examples of how the directors sometimes cut dialogue but retained ideas via choreography or sung refrains. Comden and Green’s documented influences and inspirations, the gender inequalities enacted by the character Lina Lamont, and Donen’s background also receive attention.
Chemerin affects the cytokine production and the expression of their receptors in the porcine endometrium during early pregnancy and the estrous cycle: an in vitro study
Authors: Kiezun Marta , Dobrzyn Kamil , Kaminski Tadeusz , Smolinska Nina
Published: August 2024

Interactions between female metabolic status, immune response, and reproductive system functioning are complex and not fully understood. We hypothesized that chemerin, considered a hormonal link between the above-mentioned processes, influences endometrial functions, particularly cytokine secretion and signaling. Using porcine endometrial explants collected during early pregnancy and the estrous cycle, we investigated chemerin effects on the secretion of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), leukemia inhibitory factor, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor α, and protein abundances of their respective receptors. Our results demonstrate chemerin modulation of cytokine secretion and receptor expression, with effects dependent on the stage of pregnancy and dose of chemerin. Furthermore, chemerin influences the phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinase/Jun-amino-terminal kinase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells in the endometrium. Chemerin multifaceted actions, such as involvement in immune response, cell proliferation, and tissue remodeling, seem to be mediated by cytokines, at least in the endometrium. These findings underscore the potential crosstalk between chemerin and hormonal signaling pathways, providing insights into the complex mechanisms underlying early pregnancy establishment and maintenance.