bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unmaking of a Customs Union: Regional (Dis)integration in the East African Community
Authors: Rauschendorfer Jakob , Twum Anna
Published: July 2021

The Common External Tariff (CET) of the East African Community (EAC) customs union has long been considered the cornerstone of the most successful example of regional integration in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this paper, we assess the implementation of the EAC-CET using a novel dataset of country- and firm-level deviations from the common tariff regime constructed by digitizing information in gazettes published by the Secretariat of the EAC between 2009 and 2019. Employing these data, we present five patterns on EAC tariff policy: (i) increased usage of country-level deviations from the common tariff regime render the EAC-CET less and less ‘common’; (ii) Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda predominantly use unilateral deviations to increase external protection while Rwanda mostly decreases tariffs; (iii) Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda increase tariffs for the same classes of products, but target different industries; (iv) unilateral tariff reductions at the country level are mostly used to facilitate access to inputs; (v) data on firm-level exemptions suggest that private sector development in the EAC would benefit from lower tariffs on intermediate inputs. Our findings demonstrate an incipient but clear trend in the EAC away from a communal tariff regime and towards national and more protectionist trade policies.
Introduction to the special issue on the Centenary of Frank H. Knight's Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit
Authors: Bylund Per L.
Published: July 2021

Frank H. Knight's magnum opus Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit, published in 1921, is widely recognized for introducing and establishing the distinction between risk and uncertainty. It is also known for developing a novel theory of the firm and business profit based on entrepreneurial judgment. However, the work's relevance for institutionalism has only rarely been addressed or even acknowledged. This introduction to the special issue organized to celebrate the centenary of Knight's tome briefly summarizes the work's institutionalist implications and the articles that comprise the special issue.
A Three-CenturyJourney:The Lost Manuscript of theHistory of the Incasby Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
Authors: Díaz Soledad Carmina González
Published: July 2021

TheHistory of the Incasis a chronicle written in Cusco, Peru, at the end of the sixteenth century, by Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa. It was never published in the colonial period and its only manuscript was lost for three hundred years. At the end of the nineteenth century, the manuscript was found in Göttingen, Prussia. This research note is about a missing manuscript and its unexpected discovery. Moreover, it is about the long and uncharted journey of theHistoryin its multiple lives through Peru, Spain, the Netherlands, and Germany.
How Do Students React When Their Performance Is Worse or Better Than Expected?
Authors: Pinquart Martin , Koß Julia C. , Block Helena
Published: July 2021

Abstract. We analyzed grade level and sex differences for changes in expectations and coping with expectation violations, based on the ViolEx model. A sample of 114 third to sixth graders (male, n = 44, 38.6 %; female, n = 70, 61.4 %) reported their expected achievement in trials with no feedback, worse-than-expected achievement feedback, and better-than-expected feedback. Expectations improved across the no-feedback and better-than-expected feedback trials, and deteriorated across worse-than-expected trials. While expectation change did not vary by grade level or sex, reported coping with expectation violation did vary, and pupils of younger years reported higher attempts to fulfill their expectations (assimilative behavior). Immunization against worse-than-expected feedback was associated with higher expectations in the negative-feedback condition, but protective effects of immunization were lost with an increasing number of expectation violations. In addition, higher willingness to reduce one’s expectations (accommodation) inhibited the update of expectations after receiving better-than-expected feedback. Conclusions for future research are drawn.
Volcanic Vortex Rings: Axial Dynamics, Acoustic Features, and Their Link to Vent Diameter and Supersonic Jet Flow
Authors: Taddeucci J. , Peña Fernández J. J. , Cigala V. , Kueppers U. , Scarlato P. , Del Bello E. , Ricci T. , Sesterhenn J. , Panunzi S.
Published: July 2021

By injecting a mixture of gas and pyroclasts into the atmosphere, explosive volcanic eruptions frequently generate vortex rings, which are toroidal vortices formed by the jet's initial momentum. Here, we report high‐speed imaging and acoustic measurements of vortex rings sourcing from gas‐rich eruptive jets at Stromboli volcano (Italy). Volcanic vortex rings (VVRs) form at the vent together with an initial compression acoustic wave, VVRs maximum rise velocity being directly proportional to the amplitude and inversely proportional to the duration of the compression wave. The axial rise and acoustic signature of VVRs match well those predicted by recent fluid‐dynamic experiments. This good match allows using the high‐frequency (80–1,000 Hz) component of the jet sound and the time‐dependent rise of VVRs to retrieve two key eruption parameters: the Mach number of the eruptive jets (<1.5) and vent diameter (∼0.7 m), respectively, the latter being confirmed independently by direct Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle observations.
Effect of Permeability Evolution in Fault Damage Zones on Earthquake Recurrence
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Yehya Alissar , Iwalewa Tajudeen M. , Rice James R.
Published: July 2021

Micro‐crack density, porosity, and permeability in fault damage zones play an important role in the pore fluid diffusion process. During long‐term earthquake cycles, those properties change with time as a result of either physical damage or chemical/physical healing. Hence, the evolution of permeability can affect the recurrence of earthquakes by either delaying or accelerating the weakening of the fault core through controlling the pore pressure distribution and changing the effective normal stress. In this study, we use a single degree of freedom spring slider analog fault model to simulate the earthquake sequences, considering permeability as a decreasing function of the effective normal stress and thus an increasing function of pore pressure; we also examine its evolution resulting from coseismic damage and interseismic healing. Our simulation results show that different permeability evolution, controlled by various physical conditions, could result in a variety of fault slipping histories, which demonstrates the importance of incorporating the permeability evolution into earthquake modeling, especially when assessing the long‐term effects.
Fault Friction During Simulated Seismic Slip Pulses
Authors: Harbord Christopher , Brantut Nicolas , Spagnuolo Elena , Di Toro Giulio
Published: July 2021

Theoretical studies predict that during earthquake rupture faults slide at non‐constant slip velocity, however it is not clear which source time functions are compatible with the high velocity rheology of earthquake faults. Here we present results from high velocity friction experiments with non‐constant velocity history, employing a well‐known seismic source solution compatible with earthquake source kinematics. The evolution of friction in experiments shows a strong dependence on the applied slip history, and parameters relevant to the energetics of faulting scale with the impulsiveness of the applied slip function. When comparing constitutive models of strength against our experimental results we demonstrate that the evolution of fault strength is directly controlled by the temperature evolution on and off the fault. Flash heating predicts weakening behavior at short timescales, but at larger timescales strength is better predicted by a viscous creep rheology. We use a steady‐state slip pulse to test the compatibility of our strength measurements at imposed slip rate history with the stress predicted from elastodynamic equilibrium. Whilst some compatibility is observed, the strength evolution indicates that slip acceleration and deceleration might be more rapid than that imposed in our experiments.
High triglyceride-glucose index is associated with early recurrent ischemic lesion in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Nam Ki-Woong , Kwon Hyung-Min , Lee Yong-Seok
Published: July 2021

The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index has been associated with various metabolic, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. We evaluated the association between the TyG index and early recurrent ischemic lesions (ERILs) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We included consecutive patients diagnosed with AIS between 2010 and 2016. ERILs were defined as new diffusion-weighted imaging lesions outside the initial symptomatic lesion area. The TyG index was calculated using the following formula: log scale of fasting triglyceride × fasting glucose/2. A total of 176 patients with AIS were evaluated. In the multivariable analysis, the TyG index remained significant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–5.15). This close correlation between the TyG index and ERIL was pronounced in ERIL-same group (aOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.40–5.78), but not in ERIL-different group. When comparing the relationship between the TyG index and ERIL by stroke mechanisms, only the intracranial- and extracranial-large artery atherosclerosis groups showed significantly higher TyG index values in patients with ERIL than those without. In conclusion, a higher TyG index was associated with ERIL, especially ERIL-same, in patients with AIS. The TyG index appears to be involved in ERIL occurrence by a mechanism related to atherosclerosis.
A prospective study revealing the role of an immune-related eRNA, WAKMAR2, in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Linbang , Liu Jingkun , Tai Jiaojiao , Zhou Nian , Huang Tianji , Xue Yuzhou , Quan Zhengxue
Published: July 2021

Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) are a subclass of non-coding RNAs that are generated during the transcription of enhancer regions and play an important role in tumourigenesis. In this study, we focused on the crucial eRNAs that participate in immune responses in invasive breast cancer (IBC). We first used The Cancer Genome Atlas and Human enhancer RNA Atlas to screen for tissue-specific eRNAs and their target genes. Through Pearson correlation analysis with immune genes, the eRNA WAKMAR2 was identified as a key candidate involved in IBC. Our further research suggested that WAKMAR2 is crucial in regulating the tumour microenvironment and may function by regulating immune-related genes, including IL27RA, RAC2, FABP7, IGLV1-51, IGHA1, and IGHD. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of WAKMAR2 in IBC and normal tissues, and the effect of WAKMAR2 on the regulation of downstream genes in MB-231 and MCF7 cells was studied in vitro. WAKMAR2 was found to be highly involved in tumour immunity and was downregulated in IBC tissues. Furthermore, the expression of WAKMAR2 and its target genes was observed at the pan-cancer level. This study provides evidence to suggest new potential targets for the treatment of breast cancer.
Eco-friendly stability-indicating RP-HPTLC method for sildenafil analysis, characterization and biological evaluation of its oxidized stress degradation product
Authors: Abdel-Kader Maged S. , Alam Prawez , Soliman Gamal A. , Al-Shdefat Ramadan , Afzal Obaid
Published: July 2021

A feasible and cost effective reverse-phase high-performance thin layer chromatography (RP-HPTLC) based method was developed for the quantification of sildenafil (SLD) using eco-friendly EtOH:H2O (9.5:0.5 v/v) as mobile phase. SLD was subjected to stress conditions according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The drug undergoes significant structural changes under oxidative stress condition to the N-oxide derivative. The oxidation product Sildenafil N-oxide (SDL N-oxide) designated in the European Pharmacopeia (EP) as impurity B was characterized utilizing 1D- and 2D-NMR as well as High Resolution Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectroscopy. The aphrodisiac potency of SDL N-oxide in comparison with SLD was evaluated in vivo using rats as experimental animal model. The evaluation based on the following parameters: mount, intromission and ejaculation latencies (ML, IL and EL, respectively), mounting and intromission frequencies (MF and IF, respectively), and postejaculatory interval (PEI). SLD N-oxide expressed similar aphrodisiac effect to SLD but with less potency. Molecular docking of SDL N-oxide along with the parent drug SLD, indicated a strong binding affinity and similar binding pattern within the active site of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). However, the docking score of SLD N-oxide was slightly lower as compared to SLD in agreement with the biological study findings.
Concomitant autoimmunity may be a predictor of more severe stages of endometriosis
Authors: Vanni Valeria Stella , Villanacci Roberta , Salmeri Noemi , Papaleo Enrico , Delprato Diana , Ottolina Jessica , Rovere-Querini Patrizia , Ferrari Stefano , Viganò Paola , Candiani Massimo
Published: July 2021

Pathogenesis of endometriosis is still unclear and a role of both innate and adaptive immune system has been postulated. Some recent findings have revealed an increased risk to have concomitant autoimmune disease in women with endometriosis, but no study so far has investigated whether this association could affect endometriosis severity and stage. We retrospectively reviewed medical patients’ notes of women with a confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis who referred to our endometriosis outpatient clinic between January 2015 and December 2019. Cases (endometriosis and an autoimmune disease) were matched in a 1:3 ratio by age and study period with controls (endometriosis without history of autoimmunity). At univariate logistic analysis, concomitant autoimmunity (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.64–4.21, p < 0.001) and the number of laparoscopic procedures performed (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.45–5.43, p = 0.002) emerged as factors significantly associated with the likelihood of stage IV endometriosis. In the multivariate logistic regression model, concomitant autoimmunity remained a significant predictor of stage IV endometriosis (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.57–4.10, p = 0.004), whereas the association between the number of laparoscopic procedures performed and stage IV endometriosis was found to be of borderline-significance (OR 2.70, 95% 1.37–5.30, p = 0.050). Our findings suggest that endometriosis is more severe in patients who are also affected by autoimmune disturbances after controlling for relevant confounders.
Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on stroke and its subtypes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tsai Wen-Hsuan , Chuang Shih-Ming , Liu Sung-Chen , Lee Chun-Chuan , Chien Ming-Nan , Leung Ching-Hsiang , Liu Shu-Jung , Shih Hong-Mou
Published: July 2021

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have shown impressive effects in reducing major vascular events in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the risk of stroke and its subtypes. All data from prospective RCTs up to 20 October 2020 involving SGLT2 inhibitors that reported stroke events as the primary endpoint or safety in subjects with type 2 diabetes were subjected to meta-analysis. Five eligible RCTs (EMPA-REG, CANVAS, DECLARE-TIMI 58, CREDENCE and VERTIS CV) involving 46,969 participants were included. Pooled analysis of the RCTs showed no significant effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on total stroke [risk ratio (RR) = 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79–1.13, P = 0.585]. Subgroup analysis indicated that SGLT2 inhibitors had no significant effect against fatal stroke, non-fatal stroke, ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. When only hemorrhagic stroke was included, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a significant 50% reduction compared with placebo (RR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.30–0.82, P = 0.007). This meta-analysis shows that SGLT2 inhibitors have a neutral effect on the risk of stroke and its subtypes but a potential protective effect against hemorrhagic stroke.
Impact of Amerind ancestry and FADS genetic variation on omega-3 deficiency and cardiometabolic traits in Hispanic populations
Authors: Yang Chaojie , Hallmark Brian , Chai Jin Choul , O’Connor Timothy D. , Reynolds Lindsay M. , Wood Alexis C. , Seeds Michael , Chen Yii-Der Ida , Steffen Lyn M. , Tsai Michael Y. , Kaplan Robert C. , Daviglus Martha L. , Mandarino Lawrence J. , Fretts Amanda M. , Lemaitre Rozenn N. , Coletta Dawn K. , Blomquist Sarah A. , Johnstone Laurel M. , Tontsch Chandra , Qi Qibin , Ruczinski Ingo , Rich Stephen S. , Mathias Rasika A. , Chilton Floyd H. , Manichaikul Ani
Published: July 2021

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have critical signaling roles that regulate dyslipidemia and inflammation. Genetic variation in the FADS gene cluster accounts for a large portion of interindividual differences in circulating and tissue levels of LC-PUFAs, with the genotypes most strongly predictive of low LC-PUFA levels at strikingly higher frequencies in Amerind ancestry populations. In this study, we examined relationships between genetic ancestry and FADS variation in 1102 Hispanic American participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We demonstrate strong negative associations between Amerind genetic ancestry and LC-PUFA levels. The FADS rs174537 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) accounted for much of the AI ancestry effect on LC-PUFAs, especially for low levels of n-3 LC-PUFAs. Rs174537 was also strongly associated with several metabolic, inflammatory and anthropomorphic traits including circulating triglycerides (TGs) and E-selectin in MESA Hispanics. Our study demonstrates that Amerind ancestry provides a useful and readily available tool to identify individuals most likely to have FADS-related n-3 LC-PUFA deficiencies and associated cardiovascular risk.
There and back again: the role of hyperconjugation in the fluorine gauche effect
Authors: Port Vinicius C. , Cormanich Rodrigo A.
Published: July 2021

The fluorine gauche effect was revisited by comparing the rotational profile of 1,2-difluoroethane (DFE) with several analogues, such as peroxides and dissulfides. Hyperconjugative effects are the most important ones for the gauche preference of DFE.
Rational design of organic semiconductors with low internal reorganization energies for hole and electron transport: position effect of aza-substitution in phenalenyl derivatives
Authors: Chen Wei-Chih , Chang Yu-Chang
Published: July 2021

Amphoteric-redox phenalenyl radical (PLY) is a suitable candidate used to elucidate the position effect of aza group on internal reorganization energy especially when bond angle alternation is the main contributor.
Synergy of DNA intercalation and catalytic activity of a copper complex towards improved polymerase inhibition and cancer cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Romo Adolfo I. B. , Carepo Marta P. , Levín Pedro , Nascimento Otaciro R. , Díaz Daniel E. , Rodríguez-López Joaquín , León Ignácio E. , Bezerra Lucas F. , Lemus Luis , Diógenes Izaura C. N.
Published: July 2021

Attack cancer cells by different mechanisms of action, improves the activity of a compound as an anticancer drug.
Ultrasonically assisted conversion of uranium trioxide into uranium(vi) intrinsic colloids
Authors: Cot-Auriol Manon , Virot Matthieu , Micheau Cyril , Dumas Thomas , Le Goff Xavier , Den Auwer Christophe , Diat Olivier , Moisy Philippe , Nikitenko Sergey I.
Published: July 2021

20 kHz sonication of amorphous and crystalline UO3 powder in pure water under Ar/(10%)CO atmosphere yields intrinsic uranium(vi) colloids exhibiting a schoepite-like crystallographic structure.
Precise incorporation of transition metals into organolead oxyhalide crystalline materials for photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Lu , Ma Wen , Sun Chen , Fang Lei , Song Xueling , Fei Honghan
Published: July 2021

Four first-row transition metal centers, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+, have been incorporated into a robust lead oxybromide crystalline matrix in an atomically precise manner.
Cytotoxicity and chemical composition of women's personal PM2.5 exposures from rural China
Authors: Lai Alexandra , Baumgartner Jill , Schauer James J. , Rudich Yinon , Pardo Michal
Published: July 2021

Direct measurement with personal samplers captures the chemical complexity of PM2.5 exposures better than fixed monitors. To investigate biological effects, lung cells were exposed to extracts of exposure PM2.5 samples.
A niclosamide–tobramycin hybrid adjuvant potentiates cefiderocol againstP. aeruginosa
Authors: Berry Liam , Brizuela Marc , Jackson Gregory , Schweizer Frank
Published: July 2021

A niclosamide-tobramycin hybrid was shown to synergize with cefiderocol, a recently approved siderophore cephalosporin, against multidrug-resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa.
A series of asymmetric and symmetric porphyrin derivatives: one-pot synthesis, nonlinear optical and optical limiting properties
Authors: Bao Changjiang , Li Yanwei , Li Yanhui , Si Zhenjun , Zhang Yanru , Chen Changshun , Wang Lei , Duan Qian
Published: July 2021

In this work, a series of asymmetric and symmetric porphyrin derivatives (structure types: A4, A3B1, trans-A2B2, cis-A2B2, A1B3, and B4) have been synthesized via a one-pot method and characterized to identify their structures and properties.
Synthesis of cis/trans-dihydrochromenones via a photoinduced rearrangement of 4-phenyl-3-aryl/cyclohexenylcoumarins
Authors: Gao Wangxi , Niu Lixin , Wang Tao , Liang Yong , Wang Ding , Zhang Zunting
Published: July 2021

Irradiation of 4-phenyl-3-arylcoumarins and 4-phenyl-3-alkenylcoumarins in EtOH with 313 nm UV light under an argon atmosphere at room temperature gave cis-dihydrobenzofurochromen-16-ones and trans-1,2,3,4,4a,14b-hexahydro-5H-phenanthro[9,10-c]chromen-5-ones in good yields.
Hydroxycarbonylation of alkenes with formic acid using a rhodium iodide complex and alkyl ammonium iodide
Authors: Okada Masaki , Takeuchi Katsuhiko , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Oku Tomoharu , Choi Jun-Chul
Published: July 2021

A safe and sustainable system for hydroxycarbonylation of alkenes with HCOOH using RhI(CO)(PPh3)2 catalyst and R4NI promoter was developed. We also found that the key intermediate, RhHI2(CO)(PPh3)2, can catalyze this reaction without any promoters.
Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts reaction of hydroxyarenes with nitroenynes to access chiral heterocycles via sequential catalysis
Authors: Montesinos-Magraner Marc , Lluna-Galán Carles , Cernicharo-Toledo Francisco , Vila Carlos , Blay Gonzalo , Pedro José R.
Published: July 2021

Naphthols, hydroxyindoles and an activated phenol are reacted with differently substituted (E)-nitrobut-1-en-3-ynes using the commercially available Rawal's chiral squaramide.
Access to fused π-extended acridone derivatives through a regioselective oxidative demethylation
Authors: Ding Weiwei , Zhang Gang
Published: July 2021

The oxidative demethylation of dimethoxyacridone with ceric ammonium nitrate gives an ortho-quinone regioselectively, which was used to synthesize π-extended acridone derivatives.
An ultraviolet excitation anti-counterfeiting material of Sb3+ doped Cs2ZrCl6 vacancy-ordered double perovskite
Authors: Liu Ruxin , Zhang Wenjun , Li Guojing , Liu Wenjing
Published: July 2021

Application of Sb3+ doped Cs2ZrCl6 vacant-ordered double perovskite in anti-counterfeiting. The blue and orange emissions come from the self-trapped exciton emission of the Cs2ZrCl6 matrix and the ion transitions of Sb3+, respectively.
Bimetallic mesoporous RhRu film for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia
Authors: Wang Ziqiang , Tian Wenjing , Dai Zechuan , Zhou Tongqing , Mao Qiqi , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: July 2021

Bimetallic mesoporous RhRu film on Ni foam has been prepared for the efficient electrosynthesis of ammonia.
Constraining the magnetic vector in the quiet solar photosphere and the impact of instrumental degradation
Authors: Campbell R. J. , Shelyag S. , Quintero Noda C. , Mathioudakis M. , Keys P. H. , Reid A.
Published: July 2021

Context. With the advent of next generation high resolution telescopes, our understanding of how the magnetic field is organized in the internetwork (IN) photosphere is likely to advance significantly.

Aims. We aim to evaluate the extent to which we can retrieve accurate information about the magnetic vector in the IN photosphere using inversion techniques.

Methods. We use a snapshot produced from high resolution three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations and employ the Stokes Inversions based on Response functions (SIR) code to produce synthetic observables in the same near infrared spectral window as observed by the GREGOR Infrared Spectrograph (GRIS), which contains the highly magnetically sensitive photospheric Fe I line pair at 15 648.52 Å and 15 652.87 Å. We then use a parallelized wrapper to SIR to perform nearly 14 million inversions of the synthetic spectra to test how well the ‘true’ MHD atmospheric parameters can be constrained statistically. Finally, we degrade the synthetic Stokes vector spectrally and spatially to GREGOR resolutions and examine how this influences real observations, considering the impact of stray light, spatial resolution and signal-to-noise (S/N) in particular.

Results. We find that the depth-averaged parameters can be recovered by the inversions of the undegraded profiles, and by adding simple gradients to magnetic field strength, inclination, and line of sight velocity we show that an improvement in the χ2 value is achieved. We also evaluate the extent to which we can constrain these parameters at various optical depths, with the kinematic and thermodynamic parameters sensitive deeper in the atmosphere than the magnetic parameters. We find the S/N and spatial resolution both play a significant role in determining how the degraded atmosphere appears. At the same time, we find that the magnetic and kinematic parameters are invariant upon inclusion of an unpolarized stray light. We compare our results to recent IN observations obtained by GREGOR. We studied a linear polarization feature which resembles those recently observed by GRIS in terms of appearing as ‘loop-like’ structures and exhibiting very similar magnetic flux density. Thus, we demonstrate that realistic MHD simulations are capable of showing close agreement with real observations, and the symbiosis between them and observations continues to prove essential. We finally discuss the considerations that must be made for DKIST-era observations.
Sr and Ba abundances: Comparing machine-learning with star-by-star analyses
Authors: Karinkuzhi D. , Van Eck S. , Jorissen A. , Escorza A. , Shetye S. , Merle T. , Siess L. , Goriely S. , Van Winckel H.
Published: July 2021

Context. A new large sample of 895 s-process-rich candidates out of 454 180 giant stars surveyed by LAMOST at a low spectral resolution (R ~ 1800) has been reported by Norfolk et al. (2019, MNRAS, 490, 2219; hereafter N19).

Aims. This study is aimed at confirming the s-process enrichment at the higher resolution (R ~ 86 000) offered by the HERMES-Mercator spectrograph for the 15 brightest targets of the N19 sample, which consists of 13 Sr-only stars and two Ba-only stars (designating stars with only the Sr or only Ba lines strengthened).

Methods. Abundances were derived for elements Li, C (including the 12C/13C isotopic ratio), N, O, Na, Mg, Fe, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, and Ce, using the TURBOSPECTRUM radiative transfer LTE code with MARCS model atmospheres. Binarity has been tested by comparing the Gaia DR2 radial velocity (epoch 2015.5) with the HERMES velocity obtained 1600–1800 days (about 4.5 yr) later.

Results. Among the 15 programme stars, 4 show no s-process overabundances ([X/Fe] < 0.2 dex), 8 show mild s-process overabundances (at least three heavy elements with 0.2 < [X∕Fe] < 0.8), and 3 have strong overabundances (at least three heavy elements with [X/Fe] ≥ 0.8). Among the 13 stars classified as Sr-only by the previous investigation, 4 have no s-process overabundances, 8 are mild barium stars, and 1 is a strong barium star. The two Ba-only stars turn out to be both strong barium stars. Especially noteworthy is the fact that these two are actually dwarf barium stars. Two among the three strong barium stars show clear evidence in support of their binary character, as expected for objects produced through mass-transfer. The results for the no s-process and mild barium stars are more surprising; namely, among the no-s stars, there are two binaries out of four, whereas only one out the eight diagnosed mild barium stars shows a clear signature of radial-velocity variations.

Conclusions. Blending effects and saturated lines have to be considered very carefully when using machine-learning techniques, especially when applied to low-resolution spectra. Among the Sr-only stars from the previous study sample, about 60% (8/13) of them can be expected to be true mild barium stars and about 8% to be strong barium stars; this fraction is likely close to 100% for the N19 Ba-only stars (2/2). Therefore, we recommend to limit the sample to N19 Ba-only stars when one needs an unpolluted sample of mass-transfer (i.e., extrinsic) objects.
Influence of forage crop rotations on crop yields and phytosanitary conditions of soils in the Baikal region
Authors: Kozlova Zoya V. , Kolocheva Vlada V.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the practical aspects of ensuring the preservation of natural ecosystems based on the use of organic farming technologies. It presents the results of research in the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region for 2011-2018. On the basis of the phytosanitary state of crops studying analysis, it was found that the correct alternation of crops in crop rotation suppresses the level of weeds, thereby not affecting the productivity of agricultural crops. The paper reveals the characteristics of agrophysical and water properties of gray forest soil, the influence of forage crop rotations with meadow clover on the yield of cultivated crops. According to the research results, the authors found that overseeding of legumes in the fields of forage crop rotations increases the average productivity by 16.6% in comparison with the control option. The influence of the aftereffect of perennial legumes in crop rotations increases the yield of grain fodder and silage crops by 20-31.8%. The crop rotation with two fields of meadow clover (crop rotation No. 3) was determined to be the best for all indicators.
Design of Experiments of hidden resources in the tailing pond – a case study for thermal power plant in Slovakia
Authors: Bosák Martin , Szaryszová Petra , Štofová Lenka , Dugas Jaroslav
Published: July 2021

Thermal energy is the second most important source in Slovakia after electricity, which represents almost 13.6 % of total energy production. In one of the Slovak thermal power plant Vojany (EVO) occurs by coal combustion as an undesirable slag ash mixture deposited on the tailing pond. By using environmentally sound technologies it is necessary to ensure adequate management of this waste, security and long-term stability of tailing pond. The aim of the paper is to formulate conclusions from the composition structure of EVO tailing pond and then its use. Authors realized as the main method the Design of Experiments, where the research was to investigate boreholes based on diagonal and cross-section. From the results obtained there was found that volume of tailing pond is 5,164,800 m3. In this volume there is 1,045,319 m3 of a low ash, which represents cca 20%, which can be repeatedly reused in coincineration with black coal. The development of combustion technology suggests that in the near future it will be possible to use the whole volume of the examined tailing pond for co-incineration, thus reclaiming of the tailing pond basin in an environmental manner.
Lean managment in a higher education institution: reserves of resource saving and labor productivity increase
Authors: Spiridonova Ekaterina V. , Ruzaeva Irina V. , Bosak Martin
Published: July 2021

Lean production methods and tools are becoming more popular in many sectors of the economy around the world. Simple and easy-to-understand Lean tools allow you to identify and reduce waste, optimize processes and increase labor productivity. Higher education institutions are also beginning to implement Lean practices to improve their processes. Lean methods is often complemented by the information and communication technologies of Industry 4.0, together they provide a synergistic effect. Corporate culture of higher education institution is a constraining factor in Lean production implementation.
System of key performance indicators as a method for executive decision-making
Authors: Trukhmanov V.B. , Pervushkina E.A. , Statuev A.A. , Belov V.N. , Volodin A.M.
Published: July 2021

Key performance indicators, KPI are a proven cutting-edge tool for process productivity and staff performance monitoring. Therefore, today it is possible to find the use of this tool in the most varied spheres and industries. However, the system implementation is a long and painstaking process, which requires financial, labor and time expenditures. But in case of its successful implementation, KPI technology will provide the balance of advantage for the company management and contribute to its growth. The article presents the selection mechanism of KPI system development and implementation methods. Using key performance indicators, the organization is able to manage the process and modify it, as well as define objectives for employees and motivate them to achieve their objectives. KPIs are based on measuring quantitative benefits. Control shall be based on comprehensive and reliable information about the company’s process productivity. This is the only way to take quick management decisions, make adjustments to the operation of processes that will contribute to the achievement of strategic objectives as a whole.
Sustainable development of rural areas in the economic system of the region
Authors: Kovaleva Irina Valerievna , Bugay Yuriy Alexandrovich
Published: July 2021

The Rural development as a strategic direction economic regional policy, assumes the effective functioning of the branches of the agro-industrial complex, designed to provide the processing industry with raw materials, and, ultimately, with high-quality food for the population. Stimulating investments in the development of promising areas of the agro-industrial complex will satisfy the demand for agricultural products at affordable prices, increase the level of investment attractiveness of agricultural sectors; the level of employment of the rural population and the development of small forms of farming. The economic system of the region is a complex of interrelated and interdependent elements that are exposed to external and internal factors and are largely determined by the resource potential of the region. At the same time, the issues of self-sufficient development of regions do not lose their relevance
Use of geoinformation systems for forecasting and recognizing crisis situations in agriculture
Authors: Podryadchikova Ekaterina , Gileva Larisa , Dubrovsky Aleksey , Lobanova Elena
Published: July 2021

This article covers the necessity of use of geoinformation systems for forecasting and recognizing crisis situations in agriculture. The method of creation of thematic maps was offered as a tool by the authors of the article, three thematic maps were obtained for functional zoning by the indicators of: financial state of agricultural production, ecological state expressed in monetary equivalent and forecast of crisis states in agriculture. The given method was proved within the boundaries of the 121 village councils of the central part of Novosibirsk region for 64 agricultural companies of different forms of organization.
Piggyback transportation as a factor in ensuring sustainable development of transport links between regions
Authors: Kukla Laslo , Maksimov Sergey , Shchekoldin Vladislav , Nazarkina Valeria
Published: July 2021

The article discusses piggyback transportation and their role in modern logistics technologies, which make it possible to implement certain elements of the concept of sustainable development of both regional and international economies. The main aspects of the organization of piggyback transportation, their advantages and disadvantages have been studied, the problems of use in the conditions of the Russian Federation have been identified. The lack of experience in their implementation, the insufficient level of interaction between various sectors of the economy were noted as one of the main problems of using piggyback transportation in the formation of logistics chains, as well as the complexity and ambiguity of assessing the effectiveness of their implementation. The paper proposes an approach to assessing the effectiveness of piggyback transportation, based on the use of expert assessment methods, in particular, the Delphi method and the Saati hierarchy analysis method. The features of the implementation of piggyback transportation in the West Siberian region of the Russian Federation are noted.
Sustainable development of housing construction in a major city due to the standard-class segment
Authors: Pestryakov Aleksey , Sbrodova Nadezhda , Titovets Alisa , Pysova Polina
Published: July 2021

Within the framework of achieving several sustainable development goals, the construction of high-quality and affordable housing for citizens is considered. According to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”, it is necessary to increase the volume of housing construction to at least 120 million square meters per year. The construction of standard-class housing contributes to the achievement of these goals. The article uses regression analysis to determine the main factors affecting the construction of standard-class housing in the city of Yekaterinburg. The problems and prospects for the development of housing construction at the expense of the standard-class segment are also identified.
Information priorities of strategic management for sustainable development of the city
Authors: Sulimin Vladimir , Shvedov Vladislav , Lvova Maya
Published: July 2021

The problems and challenges of the modern world, expressed in the ability of people whose behavior and actions violate the norms and rules of behavior accepted in society, to influence negatively the social situation, require cardinal changes in the public administration forms. The article provides an overview of methods and forms in terms of urban community management based on the introduction of digital technologies. Possible problems associated with the digitalization of the urban environment are considered, as well as ways of their solution are outlined. The key vectors of the electronic technologies introduction in the management processes of the city functioning are systematized. For solving economic and social problems, the authors suggest the priority implementation trends designed for the municipal government, including a discrete system based on the coding and broadcasting information data methods.
Designing innovative food products for correcting adaptive immunity and increasing the body’s resistance to infectious diseases
Authors: Eliseeva Ludmila , Kokorina Daria , Belkin Yuriy , Zhirkova Elena , Orobets Vladimir
Published: July 2021

The analysis of the relationship between the nutrition structure and the immune status of a person has been carried out. The role of nutrition in preventing alimentary-dependent and infectious diseases is considered. The nutritional and biological value of quinoa pseudo-grain culture has been studied. A recipe and technology for enriching wheat bread with functional and immunomodulating ingredients of quinoa has been developed. The content of functional ingredients in fortified bread has been determined. From laboratory animal testing, it was found that wheat bread enriched with functional ingredients of quinoa flour reduces blood cholesterol, low density lipoproteins, and helps to reduce blood sugar. The results obtained make it possible to recommend these products for strengthening adaptive immunity and for prevention of infectious diseases of diabetes mellitus.
Formation of regional conditions for the development of healthy lifestyle infrastructure using public and private partnership mechanisms
Authors: Travnikova Daria , Dvoryadkina Elena
Published: July 2021

The article considers the conditions for the formation of a healthy lifestyle infrastructure in the context of the development of the health care system using the foreign practice of public-private partnership. The article also focuses on the imperfection of the existing health care system and the system of ensuring a healthy lifestyle of the population, on the regional specifics that must be taken into account when implementing the state policy in the field of public health protection in a certain territory. A study of the infrastructure of the health care system and the infrastructure of a healthy lifestyle was conducted. The economic and institutional assessment of the activities of health authorities in the context of the use of public-private partnership mechanisms is given. It is noted that the development of the health care system is impossible without the joint efforts of private organizations, central and territorial state authorities. The author’s definition of the concept of healthy lifestyle infrastructure is given in the article. Improving the infrastructure of a healthy lifestyle, at the same time, is possible only with the use of public-private partnership (PPP), as a key mechanism for interaction between authorities, legal entities and citizens, especially taking into account the regional and municipal specifics of a certain territory.
Art tourism as a direction of regional sustainable tourism development
Authors: Zagorskaya Lubov M. , Nazarkina Valeriya A.
Published: July 2021

Currently the concept of sustainable tourism is undergoing a stage of evolution, going beyond the framework of ecology and economics, due to which the range of problems for scientific research is expanding. The article proposes an expanded range of types of cultural tourism that can become directions for the sustainable development of a tourist destination. The main object of the research is the art market of Novosibirsk, the subject is event content in the field of art exhibitions. The purpose of this study is to single out art tourism as a separate area of cultural tourism and analyze its prospects from the point of view of the principles of sustainable tourism. To achieve the objectives of the study, the methods of polling, observation and the method of event-resource mapping were used. The results of the study are presented, which have revealed a number of problems in this area, the main of which is the gap between the increased level of cultural demands of consumers and the range of exhibition events, their format. In general, Novosibirsk has great potential for organizing modern formats of art exhibitions, and this cultural and event resource can be used as the basis for the development of art tourism and become one of the areas of sustainable tourism in the Siberian region.
Formation of regional conditions for innovative development of Russian small businesses
Authors: Parshina V.S. , Satsuk T.I. , Vladimirova T.I.
Published: July 2021

The sustainable development of the economy depends largely on the pace of innovation introduction, which is associated with the patent activity. The dependence of the economy of a country (region) on innovation and patent activity is well shown by specialists. The organization of patenting in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is insufficiently researched. The article presents the positive dynamics of the main economic indicators of China and the factors, ensuring their implementation. To identify the available reserves in this sector of the economy of our country, the interaction of small innovative enterprises (SIE) and patent organizations of the Russian Federation has been considered. In order to determine the significant characteristics and criteria, by which the SIE chooses a patent office, a questionnaire was conducted, the results of which allow to draw a conclusion regarding the ways to intensify patent activity. The proposed version of the methodology for assessing the effectiveness of patents at the initial stage of their formation will create a basis for the interaction of the state with the SIE and the SIE with patent offices at the regional level. Further research will be dedicated to specifying the elements of assessing the quality of patents, developing a methodology for assessing the quality of work of patent offices, formalizing the assessment procedure, and testing the developed methodology.
Factor-digital model of the company’s capital in the context of sustainable economic development
Authors: Lysenko Julia , Simchenko Olga , Chazov Evgeny , Kamdina Lyudmila
Published: July 2021

The article discusses methodological, methodological and practical approaches to the development of a factor-digital model in the context of sustainable economic development for optimizing the capital structure, which focuses on the principles of the concept, including the effective use of equity capital, return on equity; the need for efficient use of borrowed capital. It is the balance sheet component that provides a comparison of group criteria for enhancing financial and economic activity. During COVID-19 and the post-pandemic state, the schemes of proof algorithms for equity capital play an important role in the practical application of the factor-digital capital model, which allows in practice to skillfully manage group criteria: cash flows (financial, investment, etc.), liquidity and solvency.
Some aspects of using blockchain in supply chain management in the framework of achieving sustainable development goals
Authors: Kozhanov Nurlan , Woebbeking Fabbian
Published: July 2021

The practical implementation of sustainable development outlined in Agenda 2030 requires the appliance of effective tools. In the context of global digital management, blockchain technology which is now actively used in logistics and supply chain management, can serve as such. The article highlights some of the benefits of blockchain technology for achieving sustainable development goals. The blockchain technology itself is briefly described. Examples of the use of blockchain technology in various elements of supply chain management are presented.
Financial stability analysis and forecasting insurance market of Russia
Authors: Chernyakov Mikhail K. , Usacheva Olesya V. , Aksenova Natalia I. , Mukhtorzada Saidmuktori
Published: July 2021

The article investigates the influence of various parameters and coefficients on financial stability, groups the factors according to their degree of influence and highlights the most significant for the insurance sector. We assumed the existence of a relationship between financial stability and indicators of debt burden, capital stock for meeting obligations, ratio of receivables and payables, expense ratio and loss ratio. The hypothesis was substantiated by analyzing investment investments of insurance companies in the real sector of the economy using the coefficient method and a prospective analysis of the paradoxical theory of regulation.