bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the male ApcMin/+ mouse as a hypogonadism model related to cancer cachexia
Authors: White James P. , Puppa Melissa J. , Narsale Aditi , Carson James A.
Published: November 2013

Cancer cachexia, the unintentional loss of lean body mass, is associated with decreased quality of life and poor patient survival. Hypogonadism, involving a reduction in circulating testosterone, is associated with the cachectic condition. At this time there is a very limited understanding of the role of hypogonadism in cancer cachexia progression. This gap in our knowledge is related to a lack of functional hypogonadal models associated with cancer cachexia. The ApcMin/+ mouse is an established colorectal cancer model that develops an IL-6 dependent cachexia which is physiologically related to human disease due to the gradual progression of tumor development and cachexia. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of the ApcMin/+ mouse for the examination of hypogonadism during cancer cachexia and to investigate if IL-6 has a role in this process. We report that ApcMin/+ mice that are weight stable have comparable testosterone levels and gonad size compared to wild type mice. Cachectic ApcMin/+ mice exhibit a reduction in circulating testosterone and gonad size, which has a significant association with the degree of muscle mass and functional strength loss. Circulating testosterone levels were also significantly associated with the suppression of myofibrillar protein synthesis. Skeletal muscle and testes androgen receptor expression were decreased with severe cachexia. Although testes STAT3 phosphorylation increased with severe cachexia, systemic IL-6 over-expression for 2 weeks was not sufficient to reduce either testes weight or circulating testosterone. Inhibition of systemic IL-6 signaling by an IL-6 receptor antibody to ApcMin/+ mice that had already initiated weight loss was sufficient to attenuate a reduction in testes size and circulating testosterone. In summary, the ApcMin/+ mouse becomes hypogonadal with the progression of cachexia severity and elevated circulating IL-6 levels may have a role in the development of hypogonadism during cancer cachexia.
Comparison of TALEN scaffolds in Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Nakajima Keisuke , Yaoita Yoshio
Published: November 2013

Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) are facile and potent tools used to modify a gene of interest for targeted gene knockout. TALENs consist of an N-terminal domain, a DNA-binding domain, and a C-terminal domain, which are derived from a transcription activator-like effector, and the non-specific nuclease domain of FokI. Using Xenopus tropicalis (X. tropicalis), we compared the toxicities and somatic mutation activities of four TALEN architectures in a side-by-side manner: a basic TALEN, a scaffold with the same truncated N- and C-terminal domains as GoldyTALEN, a scaffold with the truncated N- and C-terminal domains and an obligate heterodimeric nuclease domain, and a scaffold with the truncated N- and C-terminal domains and an obligate heterodimeric Sharkey nuclease domain. The strongest phenotype and targeted somatic gene mutation were induced by the injection of TALEN mRNAs containing the truncated N- and C-terminal domains and an obligate heterodimeric nuclease domain. The obligate heterodimeric TALENs exhibited reduced toxicity compared to the homodimeric TALENs, and the homodimeric GoldyTALEN-type scaffold showed both a high activity of somatic gene modification and high toxicity. The Sharkey mutation in the heterodimeric nuclease domain reduced the TALEN-mediated somatic mutagenesis.
Mechanisms of palmitate-induced cell death in human osteoblasts
Authors: Gunaratnam Krishanthi , Vidal Christopher , Boadle Ross , Thekkedam Chris , Duque Gustavo
Published: November 2013

Lipotoxicity is an overload of lipids in non-adipose tissues that affects function and induces cell death. Lipotoxicity has been demonstrated in bone cells in vitro using osteoblasts and adipocytes in coculture. In this condition, lipotoxicity was induced by high levels of saturated fatty acids (mostly palmitate) secreted by cultured adipocytes acting in a paracrine manner. In the present study, we aimed to identify the underlying mechanisms of lipotoxicity in human osteoblasts. Palmitate induced autophagy in cultured osteoblasts, which was preceded by the activation of autophagosomes that surround palmitate droplets. Palmitate also induced apoptosis though the activation of the Fas/Jun kinase (JNK) apoptotic pathway. In addition, osteoblasts could be protected from lipotoxicity by inhibiting autophagy with the phosphoinositide kinase inhibitor 3-methyladenine or by inhibiting apoptosis with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. In summary, we have identified two major molecular mechanisms of lipotoxicity in osteoblasts and in doing so we have identified a new potential therapeutic approach to prevent osteoblast dysfunction and death, which are common features of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis.
Comparative visual ecophysiology of mid-Atlantic temperate reef fishes
Authors: Horodysky Andrij Z. , Brill Richard W. , Crawford Kendyl C. , Seagroves Elizabeth S. , Johnson Andrea K.
Published: November 2013

The absolute light sensitivities, temporal properties, and spectral sensitivities of the visual systems of three mid-Atlantic temperate reef fishes (Atlantic spadefish [Ephippidae: Chaetodipterus faber], tautog [Labridae: Tautoga onitis], and black sea bass [Serranidae: Centropristis striata]) were studied via electroretinography (ERG). Pelagic Atlantic spadefish exhibited higher temporal resolution but a narrower dynamic range than the two more demersal foragers. The higher luminous sensitivities of tautog and black sea bass were similar to other benthic and demersal coastal mid-Atlantic fishes. Flicker fusion frequency experiments revealed significant interspecific differences at maximum intensities that correlated with lifestyle and habitat. Spectral responses of the three species spanned 400–610 nm, with high likelihood of cone dichromacy providing the basis for color and contrast discrimination. Significant day-night differences in spectral responses were evident in spadefish and black sea bass but not tautog, a labrid with characteristic structure-associated nocturnal torpor. Atlantic spadefish responded to a wider range of wavelengths than did deeper-dwelling tautog or black sea bass. Collectively, these results suggest that temperate reef-associated fishes are well-adapted to their gradient of brighter to dimmer photoclimates, representative of their unique ecologies and life histories. Continuing anthropogenic degradation of water quality in coastal environments, at a pace faster than the evolution of visual systems, may however impede visual foraging and reproductive signaling in temperate reef fishes.
The tumor suppressor Lgl1 forms discrete complexes with NMII-A, and Par6α–aPKCζ that are affected by Lgl1 phosphorylation
Authors: Dahan Inbal , Petrov Daria , Cohen-Kfir Einav , Ravid Shoshana
Published: November 2013

Non-muscle myosin IIA (NMII-A) and the tumor suppressor Lgl1 play a central role in the polarization of migrating cells. Mammalian Lgl1 interacts directly with NMII-A, inhibiting its ability to assemble into filaments in vitro. Lgl1 also regulates the cellular localization of NMII-A, the maturation of focal adhesions and cell migration. In Drosophila, phosphorylation of Lgl affects its association with the cytoskeleton. Here we show that phosphorylation of mammalian Lgl1 by aPKCζ prevents its interaction with NMII-A both in vitro and in vivo, and affects its inhibition on NMII-A filament assembly. Phosphorylation of Lgl1 affects its cellular localization and is important for the cellular organization of the acto-NMII cytoskeleton. We further show that Lgl1 forms two distinct complexes in vivo, Lgl1-NMIIA and Lgl1-Par6α-aPKCζ and that the complexes formation is affected by the phosphorylation state of Lgl1. The complex Lgl1-Par6α-aPKCζ resides in the leading edge of the cell. Finally, we show that aPKCζ and NMII-A compete to bind directly to Lgl1 via the same domain. These results provide new insights into the mechanism regulating the interaction between Lgl1, NMII-A, Par6α, and aPKCζ in polarized migrating cells.
Spire-1 a novel contributor of invadosome and associated invasive properties
Authors: Lagal Vanessa , Abrivard Marie , Gonzalez Virginie , Perazzi Audrey , Popli Sonam , Verzeroli Elodie , Tardieux Isabelle
Published: November 2013

Cancer cells have gained increased abilities to squeeze through extracellular matrix gaps they contribute to create by promoting proteolysis of its components. Major sites of degradation are specialized micro-domains in the plasma membrane collectively named invadosomes where the Arp2/3 complex and the Formins cooperate to spatio-temporally control actin nucleation and the folding of a dynamic F-actin core. At invadosomes, proper coupling of exo-endocytosis allows polarized delivery of proteases that facilitate ECM degradation and cellular barrier disruption. We investigated the contribution of the actin nucleator Spire-1 to invadosome structure and functions, using Src-activated and cancer cells. We found that Spire-1 is specifically recruited at invadosomes and is part of a multi-molecular complex containing the Src kinase, the Formin mDia1 and actin. Spire-1 interacts with the Rab3A GTPase, a key player in regulated exocytosis present at invadosomes. Finally, over and under-expression of Spire-1 entailed cells with an increase or decrease potential for matrix degradation respectively therefore suggesting a functional interplay of Spire-1 with both actin nucleation and vesicular trafficking that might impact on cell invasive and metastatic behaviors.
Arf activation at the Golgi is modulated by feed-forward stimulation of the exchange factor GBF1
Authors: Quilty Douglas , Gray Fraser , Summerfeldt Nathan , Cassel Dan , Melançon Paul
Published: November 2013

ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs) play central roles in the regulation of vesicular trafficking through the Golgi. Arfs are activated at the Golgi membrane by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that are recruited from cytosol. Here, we describe a novel mechanism for regulation of recruitment and activity of the ArfGEF Golgi-specific BFA resistance factor 1 (GBF1). Conditions that alter the cellular Arf•GDP/Arf•GTP ratio result in GBF1 recruitment. This recruitment of GBF1 occurs selectively on cis-Golgi membranes in direct response to increased Arf•GDP. GBF1 recruitment requires Arf•GDP myristoylation-dependent interactions suggesting regulation of a membrane bound factor. Once recruited, GBF1 causes increased Arf•GTP production at the Golgi, consistent with a feed-forward, self-limiting mechanism of Arf activation. This mechanism is proposed to maintain steady-state levels of Arf•GTP at the cis-Golgi during cycles of Arf-dependent trafficking events.
Tumor suppressorSCUBE2inhibits breast-cancer cell migration and invasion through the reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Lin Yuh-Charn , Lee Yi-Ching , Li Ling-Hui , Cheng Chien-Jui , Yang Ruey-Bing
Published: November 2013

SCUBE2 (signal peptide-CUB-EGF domain-containing protein 2) belongs to a secreted and membrane-associated multi-domain SCUBE protein family. We previously demonstrated that SCUBE2 was a novel breast-tumor suppressor and could be a useful prognostic marker. However, the role of SCUBE2 in breast-cancer cell migration and invasion and how it is regulated during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remain undefined. In this study, we showed that ectopic SCUBE2 overexpression could enhance the formation of E-cadherin-containing adherens junctions by β-catenin/SOX-mediated induction of forkhead box A1 (a positive regulator of E-cadherin) and upregulation of E-cadherin, which in turn led to epithelial transition and inhibited migration and invasion of aggressive MDA-MB-231 breast-carcinoma cells. SCUBE2 expression was repressed together with that of E-cadherin in TGF-β-induced EMT; direct expression of SCUBE2 alone was sufficient to inhibit the TGF-β-induced EMT. Furthermore, quantitative DNA methylation, methylation-specific PCR, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that SCUBE2 expression was inactivated by DNA hypermethylation at the CpG islands by recruiting and binding DNA methyltransferase 1 during TGF-β-induced EMT. Together, our results suggest that SCUBE2 plays a key role in suppressing breast-carcinoma cell mobility and invasiveness by increasing the formation of the epithelial E-cadherin-containing adherens junctions to promote epithelial differentiation and drive the reversal of EMT.
Rab8a and Rab8b are essential for multiple apical transport pathways but insufficient for ciliogenesis
Authors: Sato Takashi , Iwano Tomohiko , Kunii Masataka , Matsuda Shinji , Mizuguchi Rumiko , Jung Yongwook , Hagiwara Haruo , Yoshihara Yoshihiro , Yuzaki Michisuke , Harada Reiko , Harada Akihiro
Published: November 2013

The small GTP-binding protein Rab8 is known to play an essential role in intracellular transport and cilia formation. We have previously demonstrated that Rab8a is required for localising apical markers in various organisms. Rab8a has a closely related isoform, Rab8b. To determine whether Rab8b can compensate for Rab8a, we generated Rab8b-knockout mice. Though the Rab8b-knockout mice did not display an overt phenotype, the Rab8a and Rab8b double-knockout mice exhibited mislocalisation of apical markers and died earlier than the Rab8a-knockout mice. The apical markers accumulated in three intracellular patterns in the double-knockout mice. However, the localisations of basolateral/dendritic markers of the double-knockout mice were apparently normal. The morphology and the lengths of various primary/motile cilia and the frequency of ciliated cells appeared to be identical between the control and double-knockout mice. However, an additional knockdown of Rab10 in the double-knockout cells greatly reduced the percentage of ciliated cells. Our results highlight the compensatory effect of Rab8a and Rab8b in apical transport and the complexity of the apical transport process. In addition, neither Rab8a nor Rab8b are required for basolateral/dendritic transport. In the meantime, the simultaneous loss of Rab8a and Rab8b has little effect on ciliogenesis, while the additional loss of Rab10 greatly affects ciliogenesis. (203 words)
Specification of leading and trailing cell features during collective migration in the Drosophila trachea
Authors: Lebreton Gaëlle , Casanova Jordi
Published: November 2013

The role of tip and rear cells in collective migration is still a matter of debate and their differences at the cytoskeletal level are poorly understood. Here, we analysed these issues in the Drosophila trachea, an organ that develops from the collective migration of clusters of cells that respond to Branchless (Bnl), a FGF homologue expressed in surrounding tissues. We track individual cells in the migratory cluster and characterize their features and unveil two prototypical types of cytoskeletal organization that account for tip and rear cells respectively. Indeed, once the former are specified, they remain as such throughout migration. Furthermore, we show that FGF signalling in a single tip cell can trigger the migration of the cells in the branch. Finally, we found specific Rac activation at the tip cells and analysed how FGF-independent cell features such as adhesion and motility act on coupling the behaviour of trailing and tip cells. Thus, the combined effect of FGF promoting leading cell behaviour and the modulation of cell properties in a cluster can account for the wide range of migratory events driven by FGF.
The Constitutional Court in the Legal System of the Russian Federation
Authors: Князев Сергей , Knyazyev Syergyey
Published: November 2013

The article comprises the analysis of the role of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the process of formation of democratic, rule of law and social Russian state. The author focuses on the fact that it’s essentially the constitutional jurisprudence that makes it possible to develop the adequate perception of human rights as the primary constitutional value, to define the nature and to unfold the significance of the principles stipulated in the Constitution, to ensure the harmonization of Russian legislation with the commonly recognized principles and norms of International law, to delineate the constitutional meaning of legal provisions subjected to the Constitutional Court review.
Beyond the creative industries
Authors: MacDonald Stuart
Published: November 2013

Although Creative Industries as engines of post-industrial economies have assumed an increasing global priority with implications for art education at all levels few studies exist. Nomenclature here is contested, especially when arts’ role appears freighted with alien concepts of industry and commerce. But much of this debate concerns visual and performing arts, only part of a larger cluster comprising, amongst others, architecture, design, fashion and games. And, Creative Industries are now seen as important socially as economically. This article takes classification as least problematic, concentrating instead on people working in the Creative Industries (largely in Glasgow and Scotland), their interactions and networking within a creative ecology, and real-world interactions with education. It presents examples of collaboration, co-creativity and co-design, and cross-disciplinarity, arguing for a strategic role for design and design thinking linked to social and economic innovation, where educational gains are prime, and revisiting earlier debates about postmodern art education.
UK artists competing against despotic nations? The muddle of enlisting artists to develop a creative workforce
Authors: Denmead Tyler
Published: November 2013

The Robinson Report in the late 1990s argued that the structure and delivery of schools needed to be updated for the United Kingdom to remain competitive economically. The argument assumes that the United Kingdom needed to develop a workforce adept at working in the creative industries to drive economic growth. Required capabilities include generating and delivering intellectual property, symbolic meaning and other goods and services in unprecedented ways. UK education policy from 1997 to 2010 enlisted so-called creative practitioners – workers in the creative industries that include artists, musicians, and performers – to foster creative practices in schools and contribute to their structural change. But this economic rationale and its policy implications for arts education have not been examined in great detail. I argue in this article that the ambiguities and contradictions of creative industries policy rhetoric and its implementation obscure and mitigate artists, musicians and performers’ pedagogies.
What creative industries? Instrumentalism, autonomy and the education of artists
Authors: Baldacchino John
Published: November 2013

As the narrative of the Creative Industries becomes commonplace, arts institutions are increasingly expected to interface arts practice with business and enterprise. This article opens with a critique of the CBI’s document ‘First Steps’ (2012), arguing how this minimizes the arts’ role in schools. It then provides an analysis of two pedagogies: productivism and autonomism. Following the implications that emerge from the tension between productivism and autonomism in arts pedagogy, and reading these implications from within the contexts of the divergent and increasingly hybrid forms of contemporary art practices, this article then moves on to state that to argue for the legitimation of the arts by gathering what they do under the designation of the Creative Industries would amount to reifying art into an object of mere use, thus distorting both its productive and autonomist possibilities.
Illuminating creativity with cultural engagement: Colour inspiration in cooperative learning through reflective action
Authors: Chang Tsen-Yao
Published: November 2013

Colour plays an important role in the physical and aesthetic learning environment. A major element in basic design training, colour affects student performance and creativity. Cultural colours, closely connected with stories from time immemorial, are topics that inspire student creativity. As instructor and researcher, I based this study on action research and used in-class, cooperative learning to engage colours and their corresponding stories in unique cultures with freshman students from the Department of Creative Design of National Yunlin University of Science and Technology. Two teaching formats – traditional and creative – were used to understand the difference between active and passive learning and to determine whether colour could be applied within a cultural context. The investigation suggests that introducing cultural issues in colour studies develops both aesthetic and cultural awareness, and creative activities help students apply colours to their lives and future creations.

色彩於實際生活和美感學習環境裡扮演著重要的角色。在基礎設計訓練裡，色彩是可直接影響學生的表現力和創造力的主要元素。特別是文化色彩的獨 特故事脈絡，更可激發學生的創造能力。本研究者即課程教師，嘗試以行動研究為理論基礎，鼓勵國立雲林科技 大學創意生活設計系大一學生，透過課堂上團體分組的合作學習方式，了解 色彩並詮釋色彩所連結的獨特文化故事為創作課題。此課程進行方式結合了 兩個教學形式—傳統和創新—目的是為了瞭解學生的主動和被動學習之間的差 異性，和探究色彩若結合文化議題可否提升學習狀態。本研究發現，當文化 議題導入色彩創意教學，可以引發學生的審美能力和自我文化意識培養；並 且，此創意教學活動成果反應學生配色能力提升，可以務實地應用於實際生 活和未來創作中。
Portfolio as a topological tool to define a professional profile in the area of creative industries
Authors: Passarinho Aldo Serra , de Sousa Ana Velhinho , Nunes Tiago Caldas , Silva Viviane
Published: November 2013

The main goal of this visual essay is to explore visual data mapping and mining of an Art and Media B.A. Portfolio as means to define a professional profile in the creative industries.

As artists, researchers and teachers with a multidisciplinary background, we intend to focus our research in art-based methodologies that allow us to explore dialogical and processual methods to envision and improve our art practice and teaching as reflective practitioners. A/r/t/ography was identified as a valuable methodology for this purpose. Furthermore, Portfolio was also identified as an insightful tool to map topographic and topological paths within the B.A. curriculum.

Through a visual thinking process we explored and discussed several means of representation translated in this visual essay. This experimental framework will allows us to proceed with the professional profile definition informed by the outcomes obtained through visual mapping of the B.A. Portfolio.

A presente investigação pretende, através da aplicação de metodologias baseadas nas artes, mapear o Portefólio artístico de um curso de Licenciatura e afirmá-lo como instrumento pedagógico que permita clarificar o perfil profissional associado ao mesmo.

Enquanto artistas, investigadores e professores, com formação multidisciplinar, foi fundamental a utilização de uma metodologia que permitisse a confluência das diferentes dimensões da nossa atividade. Nesse sentido, a A/r/tografia permitiu aproximar a prática e pensamento criativo na ótica da formação orientada para a profissionalização, através da clarificação do espaço multidimensional que define o Portefólio artístico do curso.

Este ensaio visual traduz o processo dialógico de reflexão sobre a orgânica funcional do curriculum do curso, justaposta à exploração do pensamento visual, intertextualidade e diferentes técnicas de representação. O espaço epistemológico, definido pelo Portefólio e Perfil Profissional em elaboração, assume-se intencionalmente como instrumento de estudo, cuja forma emerge de acordo com as premissas em análise.
Obesity and hotel staffing: Are hotels guilty of ‘lookism’?
Authors: Harris Candice , Small Jennie
Published: November 2013

The idea that workers embody the brand is placing increasing emphasis on the personal attributes of employees. The drive towards aesthetic labour, which focuses on ‘particular embodied capacities and attributes that appeal to the senses of customers’, has the potential for a form of discrimination based on appearance, ‘lookism’. This article sought to examine the ‘face of’ 28 major hotels in Sydney through their online promotional videos, with particular reference to the perceived body size of employees. In total, there were 112 images of hotel staff, primarily in front-of-house roles. The images were overwhelmingly of slim to average sized workers. The few who were judged as slightly larger than the norm were older men in the role of doorman, exemplifying the portly, British gentleman in top hat and tails at a four to five star hotel. The question arises: are Sydney hotels employing only slim/average sized staff or are they presenting only these staff as the ‘face of’ the hotel? Whatever the answer, the message portrayed to guests and labour markets remains the same: the brand values slimness. Such practice could be interpreted as a form of weight prejudice and discrimination.
Contested image and identity: Historical antecedents of functions, behaviour and action in spa accommodation
Authors: Cameron Ann , Cave Jenny
Published: November 2013

Are today’s socially defined limits to function, behaviour and action, historically contested in places where locals and visitors meet and socialize, such as hotels and boarding houses? In this article, critical realism is used to frame an archival search for the antecedents of contested issues of image and identity in the hospitality industry. Findings from the accommodation sector in two spa towns in colonial New Zealand (1880–1920) identify the presence of issues that are still contested today, for example: behaviours such as social display; ambiguous roles for women and indigenous Maori; actions such as the consumption and regulation of alcohol; and the functions of accommodation, food and beverage, entertainment and commercial services. This article fills a gap in the academic literature regarding the use of historical analysis in hospitality and the identification of long running contestations of image and identity in the industry that should be addressed in the contemporary world.
Breaking with the law of hospitality? The emergence of illegal aliens in Europe vis-à-vis Derrida’s deconstruction of the conditions of welcome
Authors: Oberprantacher Andreas
Published: November 2013

In two seminars published under the title De l’hospitalité/Of Hospitality (J. Derrida [1997] 2000) and in other writings too, Jacques Derrida invites his readers to consider some differences between ‘conditional hospitality’, that is ‘the right to or pact of hospitality’ on the one hand and ‘the absolute or unconditional hospitality’ on the other. By emphasizing the incommensurability between the two in antinomic terms, Derrida has indeed questioned established practices of welcoming foreigners while insisting on a sense of hospitality that is not bound by and to its immediate legalisation. The following article will attempt to trace the limits of Derrida’s deconstruction of the conditions of welcome by arguing that for those estimated millions of people who are commonly dismissed as illegal aliens in liberal democratic states, such as in Europe, to ‘break with hospitality in the ordinary sense’ is not just a hyperbolic ethical imperative – it also feels like a bleak verdict. Otherwise said, what is the potential use value of Derrida’s thinking of a transgressive hospitality given the evidence that far too many are actually living in extremely inhospitable situations in European liberal democratic states without being able to rely on a bare minimum of legal standards?
Reviews
Authors: Daye Marcella , Quinn Bernadette , Carr Neil
Published: November 2013

Behind the Smile: The Working Lives of Caribbean Tourism, 2nd ed., George Gmelch (2012) Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, xvi + 256 pp., ISBN: 9780253001238, p/bk, £15.99/$24.00

Children’s and Families’ Holiday Experiences, Neil Carr (2011) Abingdon: Routledge, 216 pp., ISBN: 9780415545433, h/bk, £90

Family Tourism: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, Heike Schanzel, Ian Yeoman and Elisa Backer (eds) (2012) Bristol: Channel View Publications, 199 pp., ISBN: 9781845413262, p/bk, £29.95
Darker still: Present-day slavery in hospitality and tourism services
Authors: Robinson Richard N. S.
Published: November 2013

This conceptual article is a piece of advocacy scholarship. Its objective is to draw the academy’s attention to the hospitality (and tourism) industries’ relationship with present-day slavery and human trafficking. While present-day slavery has been examined in the context of dark tourism, and also via the sex tourism industry, this article appropriates C. Lashley and A. Morrison’s three domain conceptualization of hospitality to argue that the labour requirements of hospitality services account for an alarming proportion of the world’s estimated human bondage population. Moreover, after J. Derrida, this article considers how the delivery of hospitality by slaves implodes a ‘knowing of hospitality’. These insights provide context for future humanistic and theoretical hospitality research agendas.
Historia social del desarrollo turístico en Ibiza (décadas de 1960 y 1970). Análisis desde perspectivas historiográficas.
Authors: Ramón Cardona José , Serra Cantallops Antoni
Published: November 2013

Ibiza es una isla con una gran dependencia económica del turismo. Aunque el sector turístico apareció en la isla en el primer tercio del siglo XX, la Guerra Civil Española y la Segunda Guerra Mundial causó un paréntesis de más de una década. Pero el turismo renació con mayor fuerza por la gran implicación de los residentes en el nuevo sector y los cambios en los países europeos. Las vacaciones pagadas y los paquetes turísticos organizados por turoperadores crearon el turismo de masas. Las mejoras en infraestructuras (transporte marítimo, aeropuerto, etc.) hicieron que Ibiza viviera un boom turístico con enormes datos de crecimiento en los años sesenta y setenta. En este trabajo se pretende describir esta época y mostrar que la implicación de los residentes es fundamental.
TESIS DOCTORAL. Turismo y sostenibilidad. Una propuesta metodológica para el estudio de la sostenibilidad turística a escala municipal
Authors: Torres Delgado Anna
Published: November 2013

La actividad turística debe ser una práctica sostenible que contribuya al desarrollo económico, la equidad social, la revalorización cultural y la preservación del entorno. Con este objetivo la tesis afronta una de las principales dificultades en la aplicación real de la sostenibilidad en el sector: la falta de límites de sostenibilidad turística. Y lo hace a través del desarrollo de una metodología basada en indicadores que se aborda a dos niveles complementarios: el primero con la aplicación de un sistema de 26 indicadores de sostenibilidad social, económica y ambiental en 20 casos de estudio de Cataluña, y el segundo con la construcción de un Índice de Sostenibilidad Turística (ISOST) elaborado a partir del análisis empírico realizado y con vocación de uso general.El Sistema de Indicadores se calcula en municipios representativos de las diferentes realidades turísticas y territoriales de Cataluña, de manera que se identifican las variables clave en la sostenibilidad turística para posteriormente agregarlas en un Índice de Sostenibilidad Turística (ISOST). El ISOST establece umbrales de sostenibilidad turística extrapolables a partir de los cuales definir el grado de sostenibilidad turística de cualquier municipio turístico, cosa que supone la traducción de la sostenibilidad turística a valores cuantificables a través de una fórmula definida.La metodología propuesta, por tanto, es un sistema de recogida y tratamiento de datos efectivo para una planificación y gestión adecuada del turismo a escala municipal, así como una herramienta para valorar y definir estrategias turísticas de futuro y sostenibilidad para las destinaciones
Metformin in patients with ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: mechanism of action and clinical efficiency
Authors: Kravchuk Ekaterina Nikodimovna , Galagudza M M
Published: November 2013

Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death in modern society, primarily due to its cardiovascular complications. This factor drives search for novel pharmacologic agents to affect not only glycemic levels, but also the cardiovascular prognosis in diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease. Recent studies demonstrate that aside from basic blood glucose lowering action, metformin shows beneficial influence on blood rheology and vascular tone, hemostasis, oxidative stress, lipid spectrum and delivers and an ant-ischemic effect. Here we review clinical and experimental evidence on cardio- and vasoprotective effects of metformin, highlighting their molecular mechanisms.
Glycemic disorders and coronary collateral circulation
Authors: Starostin Ivan Vasil'evich , Talitskiy K A , Bulkina O S , Karpov Yury Alexandrovich
Published: November 2013

Although collateral circulation is the essential means of perfusion for ischemized myocardium, its efficiency varies substantially within and between the species. There is both experimental and clinical evidence for association of glycemic disorders with inadequate col- lateral circulation. Current article reviews general mechanisms of collateral circulation failure due to such metabolic disturbances with regard for stages of arteriogenesis. We also highlight horizons of further studies in this field.
Correlation between plasma proBNP, echocardiographic and clinical parameters in patientswith type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bondar' Irina Arkad'evna , Grazhdankina Daria Vladimirovna , Ivanov S V , Panteleeva Tatiana Viktorovna
Published: November 2013

Aims. To assess plasma level of N-terminal precursor for brain natriuretic peptide (proBNP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension without overt heart failure ? and further estimation of its correlation with data from echocardiog- raphy and clinical parameters (severity of ischemic heart disease (IHD), age, sex, duration of T2DM and hypertension experience, characteristics of glucose and lipid metabolism, renal function. Materials and methods. We examined 94 patients with T2DM and arterial hypertension (aged 40?65 years), determining character- istics of glucose and lipid metabolism and renal function. We also performed six minute walk test, ECG, echocardiography and blood tests for N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) in all study subjects. Acquired data was compared to the group of 30 healthy controls. Results. We observed an increase in plasma NT-proBNP in patients with IHD, history of left venctricular (LV) myocardial infarction or clinical signs of heart failure (II NYHA class and higher). Results from patients with T2DM and arterial hypertension but without IHD did not significantly differ from control group. Plasma NT-proBNP levels correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular EDD and ESD, but not with LV diastolic function parameters. Duration of T2DM and arterial hypertension, HbA1c levels,27Сахар ный диабет КардиологияСахарный диабет. 2013;(1):27?32BMI, lipid and uric acid metabolism parameters had no influence on plasma NT-proBNP in diabetic patients. Conclusion. According to our study, NT-proBNP was elevated in T2DM patients with IHD (and a history of LV myocardial infarc- tion in particular) or clinical evidence for heart failure beyond II NYHA class, thus indicating unfavorable prognosis for this group of patients and need for correction of therapy with subsequent re-evaluation of plasma NT-proBNP.
Correlation between glycemic variability and gastroesophageal reflux in adolescentswith type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Alimova I L , Kostyakov S E
Published: November 2013

Aims. To estimate an impact of glycemic variability on the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Materials and methods. We enrolled 33 patients with T1DM aged from 12 to 17 years. 24-h pH-monitoring was performed with ?Gas- troskan 24? system (Istok-Sistema, Fryazino); 24-h continuous glucose monitoring utilized CGMS MMT-7310 (Medtronic Minimed, USA) with subsequent night-time analysis. Results. As compared to stable night-time glycemia controls (SD 2.0 mmol/L) showed longer period of esophageal acidification (17% [2?58]; p
Effects of metformin on body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,receiving insulin analogue treatment
Authors: Romantsova Tatiana Ivanovna , Dzhavakhishvili T Sh , Roik O V
Published: November 2013

Aims. To study the dynamics of body weight, waist circumference, blood lipid and insulin demand in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) during first year of combined treatment with metformin and insulin analogues, compared with insulin analogue monotherapy. Materials and Methods. We examined 78 patients with T2DM on newly initiated insulin therapy, including 54 females and 24 males. Median age was 56 [51.0; 64.0] years, median disease duration ? 9 [6.8;14.0] years. Participants were subdivided in two groups. First group was comprised of 48 subjects (33 females and 15 males), who received monotherapy with insulin analogues (glargine, de- temir, biphasic Aspart 30 and Humalog Mix 25 or rapid-acting lispro and aspart). Second group included 30 patients (18 females and12 males), who were treated with combined therapy (insulin analogues plus metformin). We measured HbA1c, plasma lipid composition, BMI, waist circumference and insulin demand initially and after one year of follow-up. Results. We showed that combined therapy vs. insulin monotherapy allows better glycemic compensation while reducing insulin demand and lowering risks for weight gain. Conclusions. Combined insulin analogue plus metformin treatment delivers better metabolic control in patients with T2DM and is as- sociated with lower risks for body weight gain and increase in insulin demand against monotherapy with insulin analogues.
Osteoporosis and diabetes mellitus: a modern viewpoint
Authors: Molitvoslovova Natalya Alexandrovna , Galstyan Gagik Radikovich
Published: November 2013

The interrelationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and bone disorder is still not fully understood. Whereas type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by decrease in bone density, a number of studies failed to discover such phenomenon in type 2 diabetes mel- litus (T2DM), ? or even uncovered some evidence for higher density, as measured against groups of control. At the very same time both types of DM are associated with elevated risk of bone fracture, which points out at some deterioration of bone tissue ?quality?. Current article discusses various mechanisms of bone damaging in DM, as well as possible causes for difference in the severity of bone disorders, known between the two types of DM. Regarding higher risk of foot fracture in patients with DM, we specifically address distal polyneuropathy as a plausible factor for bone tissue deterioration.
Cerebrovascular accidents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kakorin Sergey Valentinovich , Tulyakova E V , Voronkova K V , Mkrtumyan Ashot Musaelovich
Published: November 2013

Cerebrovascular accident (CA) is a nowadays widely spread, highly incapacitating and often lethal event that poses a prominent clini- cal problem. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) ? an ?epidemic? of the century, ? are known to be its primary risk factors. Hyperglycemia promotes CA risks by induction of protein glycosylation, elevation of blood plasma atherogenic potential, activation of coagulation system with higher risk for thrombosis and disturbance of microcirculation on tissue and organ lev- els. Influence of hyperglycemia on severity and extent of neurologic damage is still under evaluation. Development of macroangiopathy is thought to be associated with media calcification, distal polyneuropathy and renal disorders, all of which are cardiovascular risk factors. Application of so-called metabolic drugs resulted in certain disillusionment, as these agents failed to prove their efficacy during clinical trials. Incidence of pulmonary edema in patients with ischemic CA and T2DM is important as it dictates the necessity for use of loop diuretics. Incidence and severity of heart failure and its correlation with degree of glycemic disorders, incidence of pulmonary em- bolism, as well as tactics of management and prognosis in patients with ischemic CA and T2DM, remains a relevant research problem.
Vascular channel reserves in patients with systemic atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kamenskaya O V , Loginova I Yu , Klinkova Asya Stanislavovna , Karpenko Andrey Anatol'evich
Published: November 2013

Aims. To determine vascular channel reserves in patients with systemic atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods. Study included 143 patients with systemic atherosclerosis, 40 of them also suffered from T2DM. We applied laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) to evaluate vascular channel reserves and transcranial spectrometry to assess cerebral oxygenation status. Results. We found that 60% of patients with systemic atherosclerosis and T2DM show microcirculation parameters below critical level, which indicates failure of collateral circulation. This group also showed lower efficiency of cerebral perfusion and more pronounced vascular constriction in response to functional load as compared to diabetes-negative controls. Conclusion. Patients with T2DM, accompanied with systemic atherosclerosis showed lower circulation efficiency and more pronounced autonomous dysregulation of cerebral circulation against patients without diabetes mellitus.
Modern approach to basal-bolus therapy with glargine and glulisine insulin analoguesin various age groups
Authors: Volevodz Natalya Nikitichna , Laptev Dmitriy Nikitich , Shestakova Marina Vladimirovna
Published: November 2013

DCCT (Diabetes Control and Complications Trial) study established that intensified insulin therapy in multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous insulin infusion (CSII) regimens substantially reduce both development and progression of complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) as compared to conventional insulin therapy. Insulin analogues possess better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics than unmodified human insulin agents. These characteristics are beneficial for management of diabetes mellitus, allowing better glycemic outcomes with lower incidence of hypoglycemia.Current review discusses specifics of therapy with glargine (Lantus?) and glulisine (Apidra?) insulin analogues. Authors analyzed available to date results from corresponding clinical trials in children, adolescents and adults. Pharmacoeconomic aspects and matters of dosage of glargine and glulisine are further addressed.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus: time to change the concept
Authors: Levit Shmuel , Filippov Yury Ivanovich , Gorelyshev A S
Published: November 2013

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of diseases that, although unified by a number of characteristics, require a differential thera- peutic approach. Current review discusses key pathogenic features of type 2 diabetes mellitus that determine therapy goals and options in management. We further enunciate and pathogenetically substantiate a new "gravicentric" concept for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that differs in many ways from the common contemporary approach.
Dual Phosphorylation of Cdk1 Coordinates Cell Proliferation with Key Developmental Processes in Drosophila
Authors: Ayeni Joseph O , Varadarajan Ramya , Mukherjee Oindrila , Stuart David T , Sprenger Frank , Srayko Martin , Campbell Shelagh D
Published: November 2013

Eukaryotic organisms use conserved checkpoint mechanisms that regulate Cdk1 by inhibitory phosphorylation to prevent mitosis from interfering with DNA replication or repair. In metazoans, this checkpoint mechanism is also used for coordinating mitosis with dynamic developmental processes. Inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 is catalyzed by Wee1 kinases that phosphorylate tyrosine 15 (Y15) and dual-specificity Myt1 kinases found only in metazoans that phosphorylate Y15 and the adjacent threonine (T14) residue. Despite partially redundant roles in Cdk1 inhibitory phosphorylation, Wee1 and Myt1 serve specialized developmental functions that are not well understood. Here, we expressed wild-type and phospho-acceptor mutant Cdk1 proteins to investigate how biochemical differences in Cdk1 inhibitory phosphorylation influence Drosophila imaginal development. Phosphorylation of Cdk1 on Y15 appeared to be crucial for developmental and DNA damage-induced G2-phase checkpoint arrest, consistent with other evidence that Myt1 is the major Y15-directed Cdk1 inhibitory kinase at this stage of development. Expression of non-inhibitable Cdk1 also caused chromosome defects in larval neuroblasts that were not observed with Cdk1(Y15F) mutant proteins that were phosphorylated on T14, implicating Myt1 in a novel mechanism promoting genome stability. Collectively, these results suggest that dual inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdk1 by Myt1 serves at least two functions during development. Phosphorylation of Y15 is essential for the premitotic checkpoint mechanism, whereas T14 phosphorylation facilitates accumulation of dually inhibited Cdk1–Cyclin B complexes that can be rapidly activated once checkpoint-arrested G2-phase cells are ready for mitosis.
Insights into Dynamic Mitotic Chromatin Organization Through the NIMA Kinase Suppressor SonC, a Chromatin-Associated Protein Involved in the DNA Damage Response
Authors: Larson Jennifer R , Facemyer Eric M , Shen Kuo-Fang , Ukil Leena , Osmani Stephen A
Published: November 2013

The nuclear pore complex proteins SonA and SonB, the orthologs of mammalian RAE1 and NUP98, respectively, were identified in Aspergillus nidulans as cold-sensitive suppressors of a temperature-sensitive allele of the essential mitotic NIMA kinase (nimA1). Subsequent analyses found that sonB1 mutants exhibit temperature-dependent DNA damage sensitivity. To understand this pathway further, we performed a genetic screen to isolate additional conditional DNA damage-sensitive suppressors of nimA1. We identified two new alleles of SonA and four intragenic nimA mutations that suppress the temperature sensitivity of the nimA1 mutant. In addition, we identified SonC, a previously unstudied binuclear zinc cluster protein involved with NIMA and the DNA damage response. Like sonA and sonB, sonC is an essential gene. SonC localizes to nuclei and partially disperses during mitosis. When the nucleolar organizer region (NOR) undergoes mitotic condensation and removal from the nucleolus, nuclear SonC and histone H1 localize in a mutually exclusive manner with H1 being removed from the NOR region and SonC being absent from the end of the chromosome beyond the NOR. This region of chromatin is adjacent to a cluster of nuclear pore complexes to which NIMA localizes last during its progression around the nuclear envelope during initiation of mitosis. The results genetically extend the NIMA regulatory system to include a protein with selective large-scale chromatin location observed during mitosis. The data suggest a model in which NIMA and SonC, its new chromatin-associated suppressor, might help to orchestrate global chromatin states during mitosis and the DNA damage response.