bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doing It All For My Baby: Determinants of Multidimensional Paternal Involvement with Infants
Authors: Cole Brian P. , Singley Daniel B. , Molloy Sonia , Ingram Paul , Dye Alyssa , Isacco Anthony
Published: June 2020

The measurement of paternal involvement as a multidimensional construct has evolved with current societal trends of fathering and corresponding advanced theories. As a result, research must keep pace by continuing to examine predictors of the dynamic ways that fathers are involved with their children, particularly with infants. The current study built upon Belsky’s theoretical model of determinants of parenting to posit that paternal involvement with their infants (dependent variable) will be influenced by a combination of father, child, and contextual factors (independent variables). A total of 456 participants were recruited within the United States. Paternal involvement was categorized into five subfactors from the Paternal Involvement with their Infants Scale (PIWIS). Five separate linear regressions were conducted using each of the PIWIS subscale domains as the dependent variable. Results provide support for examining paternal involvement with a multidimensional approach. Characteristics of the child, and psychosocial and relational and contextual variables of the father were uniquely related to the five domains of involvement measured by the PIWIS. Clinical and programmatic implications as well as future directions for research are discussed.
Disrupted Geographic Arbitrage and Differential Capacities of Coping in Later-Life: Anglo-Western Teacher Expatriates in Brunei
Authors: Koh Sin Yee
Published: June 2020

North-South migration by relatively privileged skilled or lifestyle/retirement migrants has been analyzed, using the concept of geographic arbitrage (i.e., the use of North-South migration as a cross-border social maintenance or advancement strategy). However, little research has examined what happens when such projects are prematurely disrupted in later life. This article addresses this gap by drawing on interviews with 25 Anglo-Western teacher expatriates in Brunei. While these “middling” expatriates have been able to capitalize on their positions as desirable native English-speaking teachers to kickstart or continue their expatriation, recent shifts in Brunei’s political economy, coupled with its exclusionary citizenship and immigration policies, have posed unforeseen disruptions to their original geographic arbitrage projects. By examining individuals’ differential capacities to cope with this unexpected situation in later life, this article urges migration scholars to be attentive to individual circumstances (e.g., age, marital and familial situations, migration history) that produce in-group mobility inequalities. This focus adds nuance and texture to the geographic arbitrage thesis.
The business of building a wall: Donald Trump’s rhetorical signature
Authors: Johnson Brandon M , Stuckey Mary E
Published: June 2020

This essay offers a metaphoric analysis of Donald J. Trump’s announcement speech. We argue that by focusing on two of his metaphors, the presidency as a business and his promise to build a wall, we are provided a better understanding of the symbolic structures that underlie his presidency, explaining both the nature of his support and the way he approaches his job as president.
The Student Risk Screening Scale for Early Childhood: Additional Validation Studies
Authors: Lane Kathleen Lynne , Buckman Mark Matthew , Common Eric Alan , Oakes Wendy Peia , Lane Nathan Allen , Schatschneider Christopher , Perez-Clark Paloma , Sherod Rebecca L. , Menzies Holly Mariah
Published: June 2020

We report findings of two validation studies of the Student Risk Screening Scale for Early Childhood (SRSS-EC). Although previous exploratory inquiry suggested a two-factor solution, results of Study 1 conducted with 274 preschool-age youth suggested mixed support for a two-factor model, with only one fit index suggesting an adequate fit (incremental index, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.963). However, results did provide additional evidence of convergent validity between SRSS-EC and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores. In Study 2, results of convergent validity studies with 90 preschool-age children offered evidence between SRSS-EC and (a) Social Skills Improvement System–Performance Screening Guide and (b) Caregiver–Teacher Report Form (C-TRF) scores. Results suggested the following cutting scores: SRSS-EC E7 (0–5 low, 6–7 moderate, 8–21 high risk) and SRSS-EC I4 (0–2 low, 3–4 moderate, and 5–12 high risk), with C-TRF scores as the criterion. We discuss limitations and directions for future inquiry.
Robert Lusch (1949-2017): A Eulogy Delivered March 3, 2017
Authors: Schmidtz David
Published: June 2020

This is the text of a eulogy delivered March 3, 2017 in Tucson Arizona.
Imaging of colorectal cancer liver metastases using contrast-enhanced US, multidetector CT, MRI, and FDG PET/CT: a meta-analysis
Authors: Tsili Athina C , Alexiou George , Naka Christina , Argyropoulou Maria I
Published: June 2020

Background

Imaging of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRCLMs) has improved in recent years. Therefore, the role of current imaging techniques needs to be defined.

Purpose

To assess the diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT in the detection of CRCLMs.

Material and Methods

PubMed database was searched for articles published during 2000–2019. Inclusion criteria were as follows: diagnosis/suspicion of CRCLMs; CEUS, MDCT, MRI, or FDG PET/CT performed for the detection of CRCLMs; prospective study design; histopathologic examination, intraoperative findings and/or follow-up used as reference standard; and data for calculating sensitivity and specificity reported.

Results

Twelve prospective studies were assessed, including 536 patients with CRCLMs (n = 1335). On a per-lesion basis, the sensitivity of CEUS, MDCT, MRI, and FDG PET/CT was 86%, 84%, 89%, and 62%, respectively. MRI had the highest sensitivity on a per-lesion analysis. CEUS and MDCT had comparable sensitivities. On a per-patient basis, the sensitivity and specificity of CEUS, MDCT, MRI, and FDG PET/CT was 80% and 97%, 87% and 95%, 87% and 94%, and 96% and 97%, respectively. The per-patient sensitivities for MRI and MDCT were similar. The sensitivity for MRI was higher than that for CEUS, MDCT, and FDG PET/CT for lesions <10 mm and lesions at least 10 mm in size. Hepatospecific contrast agent did not improve diagnostic performances.

Conclusion

MRI is the preferred imaging modality for evaluating CRCLMs. Both MDCT and CEUS can be used as alternatives.
Tackling “conspiracy” theories after the January 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris
Authors: Kreis Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

The terrorist attack against the satirical weekly newspaperCharlie Hebdoand the subsequent hostage-taking in the kosher supermarket in Paris on the 7th and 9th January 2015 profoundly shocked the French public. The term ‘conspiracy theory’ very rapidly came to be used in the media to account for accusations of a ‘false flag operation’ and for the circulation of doubts concerning certain details relating to these events. The use of the term ‘conspiracy theory’ in these contexts seemed to show up an extremely broad application of it, an application, which, in some cases, was accompanied by a rather impassioned approach to the events and one not always free from ideological presuppositions which aligned phenomena which, even though linkages between them could be shown, should more properly be distinguished one from another.

This article proposes to examine the media and institutional applications of this term during the episode of the ‘anti-conspiracy theory panic’, which followed upon the Paris incidents. This study will permit the very notion of ‘conspiracy theory’ to be brought into question, both on the level of definition and from a heuristic perspective.
Top Management Turnover and Its Effect on Employee Absenteeism: Understanding the Process of Change
Authors: Løkke Ann-Kristina , Sørensen Kenneth Lykke
Published: June 2020

This study investigates the effect of top management turnover in public organizations on employee absenteeism, examining school principal turnover in public primary schools. While previous research has focused on the impact of principal turnover on school performance, we analyze how principal turnover influences employee absence. A longitudinal study of 481 employees is conducted. Findings indicate that managerial turnover at schools does indeed influence absence. Absence is particularly high after a new top manager has taken office, and especially for employees where the gap between resignation of one manager and another taking office is short. Findings also show that the absence effect of a new top manager diminishes over time.
Heat blockage of air gap for inner overheating of high-voltage power cable and delay of early detection
Authors: Xie Qiyuan , Chen Hong , Yuan Yanhua
Published: June 2020

Early detection for inner overheating of high-voltage cable is important for safe power supply. A new radial heat transfer model is developed for a typical 110 kV cable with an air gap layer. Numerical analyses are conducted for dynamic temperature field in cable induced by hot copper core with different thicknesses of air gap. The results show that the air gap has an important heat blockage for the outward heat transfer in cable. The air gap causes the temperature inside the overheated cable to rise faster and the temperature outside slower. The air gap not only reduces the response sensitivity of the surface temperature on inner overheating but also induces the inner layers to heat up and even break down. Finally, the non-dimensional temperatures on cable surface indicate that the detection of inner overheating cable would be delayed if the air gap is not considered in calculation models.
Afternoon School Start Times Are Associated with a Lack of Both Social Jetlag and Sleep Deprivation in Adolescents
Authors: Carvalho-Mendes Rubia P. , Dunster Gideon P. , de la Iglesia Horacio O. , Menna-Barreto Luiz
Published: June 2020

The delayed circadian timing of adolescents creates a conflict with early school start times (SSTs). We used wrist actimetry to compare sleep parameters and routine nighttime activities in middle school students attending either a morning (0700 to 1200 h) or an afternoon (1230 to 1730 h) school shift. On school days, students from both shifts ( n = 21 for morning shift, n = 20 for afternoon shift, ages 12-14 years) had a similar sleep onset, but morning-shift students had an earlier sleep offset and a 1 h 45 min shorter sleep duration than their afternoon peers, who slept the recommended 8 to 10 h of daily sleep. Only morning-shift students had afternoon naps, but this afternoon sleep was not sufficient to overcome sleep deprivation. On weekends, sleep onsets and offsets did not differ between shifts. Because only morning-shift students woke up later and slept longer (2 h 3 min) on weekends, they were also the only ones who experienced social jetlag. Daily surveys on their nighttime (from 1800 to 0600 h) activities indicated there was no difference between shifts in the time spent on leisure or using electronic media during school days, but students from both shifts spent more time in these activities during the weekend. Our study confirms that early SST in adolescents is associated with sleep deprivation and suggests that schedules that start much later than typically considered may be needed to eliminate sleep deprivation in adolescents.
Structural Context and the Role of Positive Deviance From Community Norms in Shaping Risk for Sexual Intimate Partner Violence in 32 Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Metheny Nicholas , Stephenson Rob
Published: June 2020

Community norms provide social scripts and pathways to accruing social capital that can alter a woman’s risk of experiencing sexual intimate partner violence (IPV). These norms are in turn influenced by the structural environment in which they exist. Missing from the literature is an understanding of how an individual’s departure from community norms—positive deviance—influences the risk of sexual IPV and how this effect may vary across structural environments. Demographic and Health Survey data from 32 low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) were stratified into six structural environments by two fundamental structural factors: level of gender inequality and prevalence of sexual IPV. To examine how transcending community norms shape the odds of reporting sexual IPV across environments, six identical multilevel models were fit including statistical deviation from 13 community norms as key covariates. Positive deviance from community norms is associated with both increased and decreased odds of reporting sexual IPV and the nature of these relationships vary by structural environment. Positive deviance had a greater effect on reporting sexual IPV in highly unequal societies. Positive deviance from fertility preferences and controlling behavior was associated with increased odds of sexual IPV across contexts. The accrual of social capital and differences in female autonomy across environments may be two ways positive deviance alters sexual IPV risk. A better understanding of how the salience of community norms varies by structural environment and how transcending these norms shapes the risk for sexual violence may help highlight pathways for interventions to change restrictive social norms and increase female empowerment without increasing the risk of sexual IPV.
Struggling for a Socialist Fatherhood: “Re-educating” Men in East Germany, 1960–1989
Authors: Hallama Peter
Published: June 2020

This article belongs to the special cluster, “Family, Gender and (dis)Abled Bodies after 1953”, guest-edited by Maike Lehmann and Alexandra Oberländer.

Research on the history of masculinities and fatherhood during state socialism in East Central Europe is still rare. Therefore, scholars in the field of women’s and gender studies sometimes reproduce the idea of men in that region as stable characters across the period of socialist rule. In particular, they insist that “official,” that is, state-sanctioned, representations of masculinity did not change. Yet, as I show, there is evidence that socialist authors, journalists, and even the politburos of the regions’ communist parties did reflect on what they perceived as the need to change the conceptions of men and fathers. They advocated men’s greater participation in housework and child care. In this article, I examine this “struggle for a socialist fatherhood” in the GDR, focusing mainly on the discussions and suggestions of sociologists, educationalists, psychologists, and sexologists active in the study of childhood and adolescence, sex education, or marriage and family. From the 1960s on, experts from these fields as well as communist politicians targeted increasingly men to implement equality in marriage and parenting. In the 1970s and 1980s, their suggestions became more and more concrete. These suggestions as well as the theoretical discussions demonstrate the enduring belief in the socialist society’s ability to overcome traditional gender stereotypes. Even in the late 1980s, they were future directed and contained a utopian element.
Numerical investigation of mutual interaction between a pusher propeller and a fuselage
Authors: Figat Marcin , Piątkowska Paulina
Published: June 2020

This article presents the numerical analysis of the aerodynamic impact of the fuselage on propeller performance in the pusher configuration and the propeller impact on the flow around the fuselage. The main aim of the presented investigation was to find the magnitude of the interaction between the propeller and the fuselage. This effect was evaluated based on the analysis of the change of the fuselage drag and the propeller thrust according to the change of the propeller's geometry. All obtained results allowed to prepare the methodology for choosing the best propeller geometry for the aircraft in the pusher configuration. During the investigation, the impact of the propeller geometry on the results was analysed. First of all, the change of the blade pitch ratio and the propeller radius was tested. Computation was made for numerous flight conditions and propeller rotation rate. As a main result, the relation between the propeller performance and the fuselage in the pusher configuration was found. Especially, the significant influence on the propeller thrust caused by the fuselage and the influence on the fuselage drag caused by the propeller were observed. Finally, all the obtained outcomes were used to create a knowledge base, which was next used to select the best propeller geometry to satisfy the required power condition for a level flight for the newly designed aircraft PW-Chimera.
Dr Mamoru Kawaguchi: His grand thought, prominent works, and contribution to the advancement of spatial structures
Authors: Kato Shiro
Published: June 2020

This article describes an engineer, his grand thought, prominent works, and contribution to the advancement of spatial structures based on geometry and mechanism. He is Dr Mamoru Kawaguchi, who lived in Japan for almost 90 years from 1932 to 2019. In his life, he designed a large number of epoch-making structures in the field of spatial structures in Japan and worldwide. These encompass structures of wood, concrete, steel, fabrics, and even air and water. His approach for structural design is very strict and broad with respect to geometry and mechanism and with respect to design concept, analysis, construction, fail-safe, and control as same as an academician of philosophy. The structures of Yoyogi Swimming Pool for the Tokyo Olympic Games 1964, the Grand Roof of the Osaka World Exhibition 1970, Fuji Group Pavilion, Pantadome, Suspendome, and a jumbo fabric carp flying across the sky are introduced in this article in order to remember him and to highlight his grand thought and eminent spatial structures.
The current state of Pleistocene Park, Russia (An experiment in the restoration of megafauna in a boreal environment)
Authors: Popov Igor
Published: June 2020

Pleistocene Park is a protected area located near the Arctic Circle in the Eastern part of Russia. It was established by Sergey Zimov and his team in order to perform an experiment on the restoration of the environment that existed there during the Pleistocene period. It was expected that low-productivity boreal habitats would be replaced by highly-productive grasslands resembling African savanna. This experiment was launched in 1988, and its continuation is planned for the indefinite future. The territory of the park was surveyed recently and its actual state was characterized.
Comparison of Allogeneic Platelet-rich Plasma With Autologous Platelet-rich Plasma for the Treatment of Diabetic Lower Extremity Ulcers
Authors: He Min , Guo Xuewen , Li Tao , Jiang Xiaoyan , Chen Yan , Yuan Yi , Chen Bing , Yang Gangyi , Fan Yahan , Liang Ziwen , Armstrong David G. , Deng Wuquan
Published: June 2020

Autologous platelet-rich plasma (au-PRP) has been widely used for the management of refractory chronic wounds. However, patients with diabetic lower extremity ulcers (DLEUs) usually have complicated clinical conditions, and the utility of au-PRP is limited. In this study, the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma (al-PRP) and au-PRP were investigated and compared in the treatment of DLEUs. A total of 75 in-patients with type 2 diabetes were assigned to the al-PRP group ( n = 20), au-PRP group ( n = 25), and conventional wound therapeutic (CWT) group ( n = 30) matched by the ankle brachial index and ulcer size from December 2015 to August 2018. Based on metabolic and nutritional regulation, infective control, and topical wound management, al-PRP, au-PRP, and CWT were administered to each group, respectively. Evaluation of treatment outcomes was determined by the parameters of wound healing and adverse reactions. The therapeutic times and average concentration of platelets were not significantly different between the au-PRP and al-PRP groups. The wound healing times of the al-PRP group (56.9 ± 29.22 d) and au-PRP group (55.6 ± 33.8 d) were significantly shorter than those of the CWT group (88.0 ± 43.4 d) ( P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the groups with PRP treatment. Although there was no significant difference in the daily healing area among all groups ( P > 0.05), the trend of the healing rate in the al-PRP group (16.77 ± 12.85 mm2), au-PRP group (14.31 ± 18.28 mm2), and CWT group (9.90 ± 8.51 mm2) gradually decreased. No obvious adverse reactions (fever, edema, pain, skin itching, rash, or other sensory abnormalities) were observed in either the au-PRP or the al-PRP groups. Both al-PRP and au-PRP could effectively and safely promote wound healing in patients with DLEUs. Alternatively, al-PRP could be used for DLEUs as an off-the-shelf solution when au-PRP is limited.

Registration number of clinical trials:

ChiCTR1900021317
The effect of dispersed filler on mechanical and physicochemical properties of polymer composites
Authors: Mostovoy Anton , Bekeshev Amirbek , Tastanova Lyazzat , Akhmetova Marzhan , Bredihin Pavel , Kadykova Yulia
Published: June 2020

The influence of basalt filler on mechanical properties of polyethylene (PE)- and polypropylene (PP)-based composites, and the effect of basalt on heat resistance and inflammability of polymer composite materials were studied. The introduction of basalt into the composite increases its elasticity modulus. The best mechanical properties are observed when 40 parts by weight of basalt per 100 parts of low-density PE and high-density PE are introduced. At the same time, a slight decrease in the deformation at failure is observed in basalt-filled PE composites. Deformation before failure is reduced from 380% for original PE to 250% for the composite containing 40 mass of basalt per 100 parts of PE. In the case of PP, this tendency is not observed. Other mechanical characteristics of polymer composites slightly change with the introduction of basalt particles as a filler. Incorporating basalt into PE and PP influences the combustibility of composites: oxygen index increases 1.3 times compared with the unfilled polymers, self-burning time decreases more than 2 times, and the loss of mass during ignition in the air decreases 2.15 times for PE-based composite and 1.75 times for PP-based composite. All indicators of flammability vary additively to the content of basalt, which is a noncombustible material.
Turning point in the Sinai: The great armoured battle of 14 October 1973
Authors: Rodman David
Published: June 2020

The massive Israeli–Egyptian tank battle in the Sinai on 14 October 1973 constituted a turning point on the southern front during the Yom Kippur War. The crushing Israeli victory set the stage for another turning point on this front, the Israeli counter-crossing of the Suez Canal. Yet, the battle of 14 October has received rather scant attention from military historians. This article, therefore, attempts to fill a gap in the literature about the Yom Kippur War by describing and analysing the battle itself, as well as by highlighting its broader impact on the course of hostilities in the Sinai.
Tell Me a Story! Antecedents to Purchase of Handloom Products in India
Authors: Mohitkumar Trivedi Payal , Vasavada-Oza Falguni , Krishna Rajneesh
Published: June 2020

This article intends to evaluate a theoretical model incorporating the constructs; story marketing, a region of origin (ROO) and attitude as antecedents of consumers’ purchase intentions for Indian handloom products. It also examines the mediating effect of the perceived value of the product on consumers’ attitude and purchase intentions. This study follows descriptive-single cross-sectional research design. A sample of 400 handloom consumers located in Ahmedabad was selected based on their affinity towards handloom products. Structural equation modelling was used for the data analysis. The findings indicate that story marketing and ROO of products significantly influence consumers’ attitude and purchase intentions with the mediating effect of the perceived value of Indian handloom products. This study provides an important contribution in terms of empirical evidence that story marketing and ROO are important antecedents to form consumers’ purchase intentions for the Indian handloom products in general. In addition to that, it also provides insights to marketers to formulate message framing strategies and positioning strategies for Indian handloom products as well as cultural products in general.
The Changing Narratives of Death, Dying, and HIV in the United Kingdom
Authors: Catalan Jose , Ridge Damien , Cheshire Anna , Hedge Barbara , Rosenfeld Dana
Published: June 2020

Death and infection were closely linked from the start of the HIV epidemic, until successful treatments became available. The initial impact of mostly young, gay men dying from HIV was powerful in shaping UK responses. Neoliberal discourses developed at the same time, particularly focusing on how citizens (rather than the state) should take responsibility to improve health. Subsequently “successful ageing” became an allied discourse, further marginalising death discussions. Our study reflected on a broad range of meanings around death within the historical UK epidemic, to examine how dying narratives shape contemporary HIV experiences. Fifty-one participants including people living with HIV, professionals, and activists were recruited for semistructured interviews. Assuming a symbolic interactionist framework, analysis highlighted how HIV deaths were initially experienced as not only traumatic but also energizing, leading to creativity. With effective antiretrovirals, dying changed shape (e.g., loss of death literacy), and better integration of palliative care was recommended.
An Adapted Conceptual Model Integrating Palliative Care in Serious Illness and Multiple Chronic Conditions
Authors: Murali Komal Patel , Merriman John D. , Yu Gary , Vorderstrasse Allison , Kelley Amy , Brody Abraham A.
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Seriously ill adults with multiple chronic conditions (MCC) who receive palliative care may benefit from improved symptom burden, health care utilization and cost, caregiver stress, and quality of life. To guide research involving serious illness and MCC, palliative care can be integrated into a conceptual model to develop future research studies to improve care strategies and outcomes in this population.

Methods:

The adapted conceptual model was developed based on a thorough review of the literature, in which current evidence and conceptual models related to serious illness, MCC, and palliative care were appraised. Factors contributing to patients’ needs, services received, and service-related variables were identified. Relevant patient outcomes and evidence gaps are also highlighted.

Results:

Fifty-eight articles were synthesized to inform the development of an adapted conceptual model including serious illness, MCC, and palliative care. Concepts were organized into 4 main conceptual groups, including Factors Affecting Needs (sociodemographic and social determinants of health), Factors Affecting Services Received (health system; research, evidence base, dissemination, and health policy; community resources), Service-Related Variables (patient visits, service mix, quality of care, patient information, experience), and Outcomes (symptom burden, quality of life, function, advance care planning, goal-concordant care, utilization, cost, death, site of death, satisfaction).

Discussion:

The adapted conceptual model integrates palliative care with serious illness and multiple chronic conditions. The model is intended to guide the development of research studies involving seriously ill adults with MCC and aid researchers in addressing relevant evidence gaps.
Not Everything Important Is Taught in the Classroom: Using Cocurricular Professional Development Workshops to Enhance Student Careers
Authors: Bruni-Bossio Vince , Delbaere Marjorie
Published: June 2020

Business schools and graduate business programs have struggled since their inception to ensure that what students learn in their courses will resonate with the skills needed in their careers. To date, there has been limited attention paid to cocurricular experiential learning opportunities to assist with this challenge. In this article, we discuss the process of implementing cocurricular professional development (PD) workshops as part of a college-wide initiative to increase experiential learning opportunities for students. This college-wide initiative challenged two assumptions: first, that the classroom is the best space for valuable learning and second, that faculty are the best equipped to lead decisions on what students should learn. The workshops help students develop both the tangible and intangible skills required to succeed in industry. We faced many challenges in implementing the workshops, including the need to challenge the predominant view that nothing of significant value could be learned in a workshop. We conclude our article by identifying the factors responsible for the ultimate success of the program and offer guidance for colleges looking to change perceptions of value in learning and broaden their experiential learning practices.
Executive Function in Infants and Toddlers Born Low Birth Weight and Preterm
Authors: Blasco Patricia M. , Acar Serra , Guy Sybille , Saxton Sage , Duvall Susanne , Morgan George
Published: June 2020

Infants born low birth weight (LBW) and preterm were evaluated in a high-risk follow-up clinic and compared with infants born full term. A multivariate linear model was used to examine the overall differences on Bayley Scales of Infant Toddler Development (BSID-III) among three groups: full term, heavy LBW (<2,500 g ≥2,000 g), light LBW (<2,000 g). Results indicated no significant differences in BSID-III scores between the groups. The BSID-III was used to extrapolate indicators of executive function (EF) components. Dimensions of Mastery Motivation (DMQ 18) was correlated with the EF components. Findings showed that both LBW groups scored significantly lower than the full-term group on the EF components which include attention, plan/organize, working memory, and inhibit. Implications for research is discussed.
Intrinsic motivation and episodic memories for robot exploration of high-dimensional sensory spaces
Authors: Schillaci Guido , Pico Villalpando Antonio , Hafner Verena V , Hanappe Peter , Colliaux David , Wintz Timothée
Published: June 2020

This work presents an architecture that generates curiosity-driven goal-directed exploration behaviours for an image sensor of a microfarming robot. A combination of deep neural networks for offline unsupervised learning of low-dimensional features from images and of online learning of shallow neural networks representing the inverse and forward kinematics of the system have been used. The artificial curiosity system assigns interest values to a set of pre-defined goals and drives the exploration towards those that are expected to maximise the learning progress. We propose the integration of an episodic memory in intrinsic motivation systems to face catastrophic forgetting issues, typically experienced when performing online updates of artificial neural networks. Our results show that adopting an episodic memory system not only prevents the computational models from quickly forgetting knowledge that has been previously acquired but also provides new avenues for modulating the balance between plasticity and stability of the models.
An EWSR1-CREB3L1 Fusion Gene in Extraskeletal Undifferentiated Round Cell Sarcoma Expands the Spectrum of Genetic Landscape in the “Ewing-Like” Undifferentiated Round Cell Sarcomas
Authors: Bissonnette Caroline , Shilo Konstantin , Liebner David , Rogers Alan , Pollock Raphael E. , Iwenofu O. Hans
Published: June 2020

The molecular findings in Ewing sarcoma have greatly expanded in recent years. Furthermore, this is particularly true for the subset termed “Ewing-like” undifferentiated round cell sarcomas in which new translocations have been reported since the fourth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. Amid this expanding genetic landscape, we report a case of extraskeletal undifferentiated round cell “Ewing-like” sarcoma in a 27-year-old female. The patient presented with a large lung mass accompanied on staging imaging by deposits suspicious for metastatic disease in the humerus, calvarium, and lymph nodes of the neck and chest. Biopsy of the lung mass revealed a densely packed monotonous proliferation of round, uniform neoplastic cells with scant cytoplasm. By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for CD99, synaptophysin, TLE1, EMA, and MUC4 and negative for FLI1, PAX7, AE1/3, S100, SOX10, WT1, p63, desmin, and HMB45. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated rearrangement of the EWSR1 gene. Next-generation sequencing based assay revealed an EWSR1-CREB3L1 fusion. Taken together, the histomorphologic and molecular findings were considered consistent with an undifferentiated round cell sarcoma with an EWSR1-CREB3L1 fusion. Although described in entities such as sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma, low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma, and small cell osteosarcoma, this has not been previously described in undifferentiated round cell (“Ewing-like”) sarcoma. This finding adds to the growing list of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas with Ewing-like morphologic phenotype–associated fusion genes and may contribute to further defining and characterizing the different subset of tumors in the Ewing family of tumors.
Fibrolamellar Carcinoma With Predominantly Pseudoglandular Architecture: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: du Toit Mariëtte , Aldera Alessandro Pietro
Published: June 2020

Biopsies of liver mass lesions are encountered frequently in general surgical pathology practice. The clinical differential diagnosis is typically hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) versus metastatic adenocarcinoma. There are a variety of HCC variants that show a range of morphological appearances. The presence of malignant glands in the liver prompts the pathologist to consider adenocarcinoma, either metastatic or primary intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. It is important to remember that some variant patterns of HCC can show pseudoglandular growth. In this article, we present a case of fibrolamellar carcinoma that showed predominantly pseudoglandular growth to highlight the importance of a systematic approach and the routine use of a panel of immunohistochemical stains (HepPar1, CK7, and CD68).
Morphology of Anterior Talofibular Ligament After Arthroscopic Lateral Ankle Ligament Repair
Authors: Hagio Tomonobu , Yoshimura Ichiro , Kanazawa Kazuki , Minokawa So , Yamamoto Takuaki
Published: June 2020

Background:

Arthroscopic lateral ankle ligament repair for chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI) yields good clinical results. However, the healing process of the ligament after anatomical repair remains unclear. This study evaluated the functional and patient-based outcomes for CLAI patients who underwent arthroscopic lateral ankle ligament repair and the morphological condition of the repaired anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL).

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 47 patients (50 ankles) who underwent arthroscopic lateral ankle ligament repair for CLAI (mean follow-up, 14 months). The Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot Ankle-Hindfoot (JSSF) scale score and the Self-Administered Foot Evaluation Questionnaire (SAFE-Q) were assessed preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively to evaluate the ATFL. The functional and patient-based outcomes were compared between the group with repaired ATFLs and high signal intensity and the group with repaired ATFLs and low signal intensity.

Results:

The mean JSSF score improved significantly from 72.3 ± 11.6 preoperation to 95.3 ± 5.4 at 12 months postoperation. The MRI findings at 12 months postoperation showed that each repaired ATFL had a linear band structure from the talar to the fibular attachment site, and 41 of 50 ankles (82%) had low signal intensity of the ligament. On the SAFE-Q, the social functioning scores at 12 months postoperation were significantly higher in the low signal intensity group than in the high signal intensity group.

Conclusion:

Arthroscopic lateral ankle ligament repair for CLAI yielded good functional and patient-based outcomes and restored the morphological condition of the ATFL.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Three-Dimensional Biometric Weightbearing CT Evaluation of the Operative Treatment of Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity
Authors: Day Jonathan , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Nishikawa Danilo R. C. , Garfinkel Jonathan , Roney Andrew , J. O’Malley Martin , T. Deland Jonathan , J. Ellis Scott
Published: June 2020

Background:

Assessment of operative correction of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) has been traditionally performed by clinical evaluation and conventional radiographic imaging. Previously, a 3-dimensional biometric weightbearing computed tomography (WBCT) tool, the foot ankle offset (FAO), has been developed and validated in assessing hindfoot alignment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of FAO in evaluating operative deformity correction in AAFD.

Methods:

In this prospective comparative study, 19 adult patients (20 feet) with stage II (flexible) flatfoot deformity underwent preoperative and postoperative standing WBCT examination at mean 19 months (range, 6-24) after surgery. Three-dimensional coordinates of the foot tripod and center of the ankle joint were acquired by 2 independent and blinded observers. These coordinates were used to calculate the FAO using dedicated software, and subsequently compared pre- and postoperatively. The FAO is a previously validated biometric measurement that represents centering of the foot tripod as well as hindfoot alignment, with a normal mean FAO of 2.3% ± 2.9%. In addition, Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) clinical outcomes scores were compared pre- and postoperatively with a mean follow-up of 22.6 months (range, 14-37).

Results:

There was significant correction of flatfoot deformity from a mean preoperative FAO of 9.8% to a mean postoperative value of 1.3% ( P < .001). Additionally, there was statistically significant improvement in all PROMIS domains ( P < .05), except depression, at an average follow-up of 22.6 months. Spring ligament reconstruction was the only procedure associated with a significant correction in FAO ( P = .0064).

Conclusion:

The FAO was a reliable and sensitive tool that was used to evaluate preoperative deformity as well as postoperative correction, with patients demonstrating both significant improvement in FAO as well as patient-reported outcomes. These findings demonstrate the role for biometric 3-dimensional WBCT imaging in assessing operative correction after flatfoot reconstruction, as well as the potential role for operative planning to address preoperative deformity.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective comparative study.
Experimental studies on the dynamic response of thin rectangular plates subjected to moving mass
Authors: Seifoori Sajjad , Mahdian Parrany Ahmad , Darvishinia Sajjad
Published: June 2020

This article presents experimental studies on the dynamic response of a thin rectangular plate with clamped boundary conditions subjected to a moving mass. The designed experimental setup is described in detail, and the obtained experimental results are compared with theoretical solutions. In this regard, the governing motion equation of the thin rectangular plate excited by a moving mass is formulated based on the classical plate theory, and the eigenfunction expansion technique is used to solve the equation. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effect of some parameters, including the moving object mass and velocity, as well as the plate’s aspect ratio and thickness, on the dynamic response of the plate based on the time history of the plate’s central point deflection.
Multi look‐ahead consensus of vehicular networks in the presence of random data missing
Authors: Chehardoli Hossein
Published: June 2020

This study deals with internal and string stability analyses of vehicular platoons with centralized multi-look ahead network topology in the presence of communication and parasitic delays and random data missing. In vehicular networks, because of huge amount of information exchanged between vehicles and highway infrastructures, some adverse effects such as data missing and communication delay are unavoidable in practical implementation. In this study, a third-order dynamical model is used to describe the longitudinal dynamics of each following vehicle, and the constant spacing strategy is used to adjust the inter-vehicle spacing. By considering communication and parasitic delays and random data missing, the closed-loop dynamics of platoon is derived. Afterward, by using the Lyapunov–Krasovskii theorem, sufficient conditions assuring the internal stability are introduced. In continuance, the string stability of platoon under the aforementioned effects is studied. It will be shown that the proposed controller always guarantees the string stability of platoon without any limitations. Several simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
New genetic algorithm for structural active control by considering the effect of time delay
Authors: Banaei Ali , Alamatian Javad
Published: June 2020

This study focuses on a new active control method by improving specification of a well-known intelligent numerical search method, that is the genetic algorithm. The proposed scheme modifies the specifications of the common genetic algorithm by using two strategies. First, a new constrained objective function is proposed. Then, a procedure is designed for evaluating and reducing time delay in control process. These procedures lead to a new generation of the genetic algorithm, which is more reliable. For verifying the efficiency of the proposed method, vibrations of several structures are controlled, and results are compared with other well-known methods such as the common genetic algorithm, linear quadratic regulator, and equivalent critical damping. Numerical results clearly prove the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed control process in comparison with other methods.
Probabilistic optimization of engine mount to enhance vibration characteristics using first-order reliability-based target cascading
Authors: Kim Youngjun , Lee Jongsoo
Published: June 2020

Uncertainties cause tremendous failures, especially in large-scale system design, because they are accumulated from each of the subsystems. Analytical target cascading is a multidisciplinary design optimization method that enables the achievement of a concurrent and consistent design for large-scale systems. To address the uncertainties in analytical target cascading efficiently, we propose reliability-based target cascading combined with first-order reliability assessment algorithms, such as mean-value first-order second moment, performance measure analysis, and reliability index analysis. The effectiveness of the implemented algorithms was first demonstrated via a mathematical programming problem and then a practical engineering problem, involving automotive engine mount optimization, for minimizing both the difference between torque roll axis and elastic roll axis and the vibration transmissibility under mode purity requirements. The optimized design solutions are compared among three reliability assessment algorithms of reliability-based target cascading, and the uncertainty propagation with Gaussian distributions was quantified and verified. The probabilistic design results indicate that the first-order reliability-based target cascading methods successfully identify more reliable and conservative optimized solutions than analytical target cascading.
Cross-domain gearbox diagnostics under variable working conditions with deep convolutional transfer learning
Authors: Azamfar Moslem , Singh Jaskaran , Li Xiang , Lee Jay
Published: June 2020

This study proposes a novel 1D deep convolutional transfer learning method that is able to learn the high-dimensional domain-invariant feature from the labeled training dataset and perform diagnosis tasks on the unlabeled testing dataset subjected to a domain shift. To obtain the domain-invariant features, the cross-entropy loss in the source domain classifier and the maximum mean discrepancies between the source and target domain data are minimized simultaneously. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, an experimental study is conducted on a gearbox under significant speed variation. Because of inherent limitations of the vibration data, in this research, the effectiveness of torque measurement signals has been explored for gearbox fault diagnosis. Comprehensive studies on network parameters and the training sample size are performed to illustrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method. A comparison study is performed on similar techniques to illustrate the superiority and high performance of the proposed diagnosis method. The achieved results illustrate the effectiveness of torque signal in multiclass cross-domain fault diagnosis of gearboxes.
Cannabidiol or CBD Oil: Help, Hope, and Hype for Psychiatric and Neurologic Conditions
Authors: Newton Marian , Newton David W.
Published: June 2020

OBJECTIVE: This article presents proven, promising, and potential therapeutic uses for cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of psychiatric and neurologic conditions and diseases. It presents popular, but scientifically unproven health and therapeutic claims of CBD supporting the beneficial homeostatic effects of the intrinsic or endogenous cannabinoid system. It includes a review of cannabinoid pharmacology; it compares properties and the legal status of CBD and THC (delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol) as well as the hemp and marijuana varieties of Cannabis, and it reviews the historic 2018 U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval of Epidiolex, an oral solution of cannabidiol for two rare treatment-resistant childhood epilepsies, as the first Cannabis-derived drug. METHOD: We reviewed literature on cannabidiol, CBD, the endocannabinoid neuropharmacology system, and hemp and marijuana varieties of Cannabis sativa. RESULTS: The proven and promising medical uses and deficiencies of unproven health claims for CBD, legal implications for Cannabis-derived drugs, and comparisons of CBD and THC and hemp and marijuana are summarized objectively with pertinent references. CONCLUSION: CBD and CBD and THC combinations have potential to provide safe, effective therapy for several psychiatric and neurologic conditions and diseases. However, such achievement will require a uniform standard of CBD purity and strength, and corroboration from adequately large and rigorously controlled clinical research studies.