bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and quantification of CH4 plumes using the WFM-DOAS retrieval on AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral data
Authors: Borchardt Jakob , Gerilowski Konstantin , Krautwurst Sven , Bovensmann Heinrich , Thorpe Andrew K. , Thompson David R. , Frankenberg Christian , Miller Charles E. , Duren Riley M. , Burrows John Philip
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Methane is the second most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas in the Earth's atmosphere. To effectively reduce these emissions,
a good knowledge of source locations and strengths is required.
Airborne remote sensing instruments
such as the Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer – Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG)
with meter-scale imaging capabilities are able to yield
information about the locations and magnitudes of methane sources.
In this study, we successfully applied the weighting function modified differential optical absorption spectroscopy (WFM-DOAS) algorithm to AVIRIS-NG data measured in Canada and
the Four Corners region. The WFM-DOAS retrieval is conceptually located between the statistical matched filter (MF) and the optimal-estimation-based iterative maximum a posteriori DOAS (IMAP-DOAS)
retrieval algorithm, both of which were already applied successfully to AVIRIS-NG data.
The WFM-DOAS algorithm is based on a first order Taylor series approximation of the Lambert–Beer law using only one precalculated radiative transfer calculation per scene.
This yields the fast quantitative processing of large data sets.
We detected several methane plumes in the AVIRIS-NG images recorded during the Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Airborne Campaign and successfully retrieved
a coal mine ventilation shaft plume observed during the Four Corners measurement campaign.
The comparison between IMAP-DOAS, MF, and WFM-DOAS showed good agreement for the coal mine ventilation shaft plume.
An additional comparison between MF and WFM-DOAS for a subset of plumes showed good agreement for one plume and some differences for the others.
For five plumes,
the emissions were estimated using a simple cross-sectional flux method.
The retrieved fluxes originated from well pads, cold vents, and a coal mine ventilation shaft and
ranged between (155 ± 71) kg (CH4) h−1
and (1220 ± 450) kg (CH4) h−1.
The wind velocity was a significant source of uncertainty
in all plumes, followed by the single pixel retrieval noise and the uncertainty due to atmospheric variability.
The noise
of the retrieved CH4 imagery over bright surfaces (>1 µW cm−2 nm−1 sr−1 at 2140 nm)
was typically ±2.3 % of the background total column of CH4 when fitting
strong absorption lines around 2300 nm but could
reach over ±5 % for darker surfaces (< 0.3 µW cm−2 nm−1 sr−1 at 2140 nm). Additionally, a worst case
large-scale bias due to the assumptions made in the WFM-DOAS retrieval was estimated to be
±5.4 %. Radiance and fit quality filters were implemented to exclude
the most uncertain results from further analysis mostly due to either dark surfaces or
surfaces where the surface spectral reflection structures are similar to CH4 absorption features at
the spectral resolution of the AVIRIS-NG instrument.
Characteristics of Ionospheric Scintillation in Chengdu, China
Authors: Zhang Song , Li Hailong , Li Jinghua , Meng Lin
Published: February 2021

Abstract. When wireless electromagnetic waves pass through the earth's atmosphere, they are affected by ionospheric irregularities, and their amplitude and phase will jitter rapidly in a short period of time, which is called ionospheric scintillation. With the human exploration of outer space and the demand for space communication, the study of ionospheric scintillation characteristics and its influence on electromagnetic communication has become increasingly important. This paper used the observation data received by GPS scintillation/TEC receivers in the Chengdu (104.07° N, 30.67° E) area of China from January 2018 to September 2020, and a data processing program was developed for the received GPS/BDS/GAL. The satellite data at multiple frequency points were processed to extract key data such as S4, azimuth angle, and elevation angle, and then the annual changes in ionospheric scintillation in the Chengdu region and the characteristics of local time changes were statistically analysed. The results show that the frequency and intensity of ionospheric scintillation events have obvious half-year changes. The scintillation intensity and frequency in spring and autumn are higher and more frequent than those in summer and winter; and scintillation events mainly occur at night. but they also occur during the day, mostly in the afternoon; and their occurrence is related to the airspace and is further closely related to the elevation and azimuth angles of the observation point. The overall scintillation events from 2018 to 2020 were in a gradual downward trend. At the end of May 2018, a scintillation event with a longer duration occurred. Further analysis showed that the occurrence of scintillation events increased with the rapid changes in solar activity and the geomagnetic environment. There is a certain positive correlation between the changes.
Missing connectivity during summer drought controls DOC
mobilization and export in a small, forested catchment
Authors: Blaurock Katharina , Beudert Burkhard , Gilfedder Benjamin S. , Fleckenstein Jan H. , Peiffer Stefan , Hopp Luisa
Published: February 2021

Abstract. Understanding the controls on event-driven DOC export is crucial, as DOC is an important link between the terrestrial and the aquatic carbon cycles. We hypothesize that topography is a key driver of DOC export because it influences hydrologic connectivity, which can inhibit or facilitate DOC mobilization. To test this we studied the mechanisms controlling DOC mobilization and export in the Große Ohe catchment, a forested headwater in a mid-elevation mountainous region in Southeastern Germany. Discharge and stream DOC concentrations were continuously measured using in-situ UV-Vis spectrometry from June 2018 until October 2020 at two topographically contrasting sub-catchments of the same stream: at a steep hillslope (888 m.a.s.l.) and in a flat and wide riparian zone (771 m.a.s.l). We focus on four events with contrasting antecedent hydrological conditions and event size. During events, in-stream DOC concentrations increased up to 19 mg L−1 in comparison to 2–3 mg L−1 during baseflow. The concentration-discharge relationships exhibited pronounced but almost exclusively anti-clockwise hysteresis loops, which were generally wider in the lower catchment than in the upper catchment due to a delayed DOC mobilization in the flat riparian zone. The riparian zone released considerable amounts of DOC, which led to a total DOC load up to 522 kg per event. The total DOC load increased with the total catchment wetness. We found a disproportionally high contribution to the total DOC export of the upper catchment during events following a long dry period. We attribute this to the lack of hydrological connectivity in the lower catchment during drought, which inhibited DOC mobilization, especially at the beginning of the events. Our data show that not only event size but also antecedent hydrological conditions strongly influence the hydrological connectivity during events, leading to a varying contribution to DOC export of different catchment parts depending on topography. As the frequency of prolonged drought periods is predicted to increase, the relative contribution of different catchment parts to DOC export may change in the future, when hydrological connectivity will occur less often.
Refining the sea surface identification approach for determining freeboards in the ICESat-2 sea ice products
Authors: Kwok Ron , Petty Alek A. , Bagnardi Marco , Kurtz Nathan T. , Cunningham Glenn F. , Ivanoff Alvaro , Kacimi Sahra
Published: February 2021

Abstract. In Release 001 and 002 of the ICESat-2 sea ice products,
candidate height segments used to estimate the reference sea surface height
for freeboard calculations included two surface types: specular and smooth
dark leads. We found that the uncorrected photon rates, used as proxies of
surface reflectance, are attenuated due to clouds resulting in the potential
misclassification of sea ice as dark leads, biasing the reference sea
surface height relative to those derived from the more reliable specular
returns. This results in higher reference sea surface heights and lower
estimated ice freeboards. The resolution of available cloud flags from the
ICESat-2 atmosphere data product is too coarse to provide useful filtering
at the lead segment scale. In Release 003, we have modified the surface-reference-finding algorithm so that only specular leads are used. The
consequence of this change can be seen in the composites of mean freeboard
of the Arctic and Southern oceans. Broadly, coverages have decreased by
∼10–20 % because there are fewer leads (by excluding the
dark leads), and the composite means have increased by 0–4 cm because of the
use of more consistent specular leads.
The contribution of melt ponds to enhanced Arctic sea-ice melt
during the Last Interglacial
Authors: Diamond Rachel , Sime Louise C. , Schroeder David , Guarino Maria-Vittoria
Published: February 2021

Abstract. HadGEM3 is the first coupled climate model to simulate an ice-free Arctic during the Last Interglacial (LIG), 127 000 years ago. This simulation appears to yield accurate Arctic surface temperatures during the summer season. Here, we investigate the causes and impacts of this extreme simulated ice loss. We find that the summer ice melt is predominantly driven by thermodynamic processes: atmospheric and ocean circulation changes do not significantly contribute to the ice loss. We demonstrate these thermodynamic processes are significantly impacted by melt ponds, which form on average 8 days earlier during the LIG than during the pre-industrial control (PI) simulation. This relatively small difference significantly changes the LIG surface energy balance, and strengthens the albedo feedback. Compared to the PI simulation: in mid-June, of the absorbed flux at the surface over ice-covered cells (ice concentration > 0.15), ponds account for 45–50 %, open water 45 %, and bare ice and snow 5–10 %. We show that the simulated ice loss leads to large Arctic sea surface salinity and temperature changes. The sea surface temperature and salinity signals we identify here provide a means to verify, in marine observations, if and when an ice-free Arctic occurred during the LIG. Strong LIG correlations between spring melt pond and summer ice area indicate that, as Arctic ice continues to thin in future, the spring melt pond area will likely become an increasingly reliable predictor of the September sea-ice area. Finally, we note that models with explicitly modelled melt ponds seem to simulate particularly low LIG sea ice extent. These results show that models with explicit (as opposed to parameterised) melt ponds can simulate very different sea-ice behaviour under forcings other than the present-day. This is of concern for future projections of sea-ice loss.
Karateristik dan Sifat Fisik Bambu Petung (Dendrocalamus asper. Backer) di Kawasan Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKM) Desa Aik Bual, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Tri Wulandari Febriana
Published: February 2021

Bambu merupakan salah satu HHBK unggulan Nusa Tenggara Barat. Disamping multi fungsi bambu yang tinggi maka terdapat beberapa kelemahan dari bambu antara lain : pengerjaan tidak mudah karena mudah pecah atau retak, mudah terserang serangga perusak kayu sehingga tidak tahan lama (tidak awet), variasi dimensi dan ketidakseragaman panjang ruasnya. Salah satu jenis bambu yang terdapat di Nusa Tenggara Barat adalah bambu petung (Dendrocalamus asper.Backer). Kawasan HKM desa Aik Bual merupakan salah satu kawasan di NTB yang terdapat bambu petung. Informasi identifkasi bambu penting untuk mengetahui karateristik bambu pada kawasan tersebut sedangkan informasi sifat fisika bermanfaat sebagai informasi kestabilan dimensi bahan bambu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karateristik dan sifat fisika bambu petung (Dendrocalamus asper.Backer). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian observasi dan eksperimen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut: Karakteristik bambu petung : panjang ruas bagian pangkal 39,4-45,8 cm, bagian tengah 46-49 cm dan bagian ujung 46,4-57 cm; diameter batang pada bagian pangkal 6,69-9,25 cm, bagian tengah 5,79-8,32 cm dan bagian ujung 5,06-7,99 cm; ketebalan dinding batang pada bagian pangkal 1,62-2 cm, bagian tengah 1,16-1,57 cm dan bagian ujung 0,85-1,09 cm. Bambu ini baik digunakan untuk konstruksi dengan perlakuan pengawetan sebelumnya, jembatan, furniture bagian tertentu dan kerajinan. Sifat fisik bambu petung : kadar segar bambu petung 67,33% – 108,46 %, kadar air kering udara11,83% - 12,64%, berat jenis volume segar 0,57 – 0,69, berat jenis volume kering udara 0,65 – 0,78 dan berat jenis volume kering tanur 0,66 – 0,76.
Studi Pengolahan Manisan Kering Buah Nipah (Nypa fruticans)
Authors: Lisnawati Andi
Published: February 2021

Nipah (Nypa fruticans (thund.)Wurmb)) termasuk tanaman dari suku Palmae dan dikelompokkan ke dalam tanaman hutan mangrove. Nipah merupakan sumber pangan dan energi, namun belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal sebagai bahan pangan yang memiliki mutu gizi yang tinggi. Dengan komposisi yang tepat, buah nipah bisa dimanfaatkan dan diolah menjadi manisan yang nantinya memiliki nilai ekonomis sebagai sumber penghasilan masyarakat sekitar hutan mangrove. Sebanyak 100 gr buah nipah dipotong kecil. Kemudian direndam air kapur 15 gram kapur/750 ml air selama 15-30 menit lalu dicuci dan ditiriskan. Buah nipah lalu diblancing selama 5 menit dan disiapkan larutan gula dengan konsentrasi 40%, 50% dan 60% dan dimasak selama 10-15 menit dan direndam dalam larutan gula selama 24 jam, lalu ditiriskan. Untuk mendapatkan manisan kering digunakan oven dengan suhu 60OC selama 10 jam. Hasil uji sensoris rasa, warna, aroma dan tekstur yang disukai adalah perlakuan 1 dengan niali masing-masing adalah 3.49, 3.44, 3.31 dan 3.11. Sedangkan untuk sifat kimia yang masuk dalam SNI Manisan adalah perlakuan 1 dengan kadar air 11%, kadar abu 0.5%, rendemen 64.33% dan kandungan gula (total padatan terlarut adalah 12.17%.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) Menjadi Bioetanol dengan Penambahan Ragi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) yang Berbeda
Authors: Syauqi Anis
Published: February 2021

Sumber energi terbesar yang masih digunakan saat ini adalah sumber energi yang berbasis bahan bakar fosil yang sifatnya tidak dapat diperbaharui. Untuk itu dibutukan sumber energi alternatif yang dapat menggantikan sumber energi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ragi yang berbeda terhadap rendemen, pH, kadar alkohol dan uji nyala pada pembuatan bioetanol dari kulit nanasPenelitian ini menggunakan satu faktor tiga perlakuan dengan perbedaan penambahan ragi yaitu 75 gram, 100 gram, 125 gram selama 4 hari fermentasi. Parameter yang diamati adalah rendemen yang dihasilkan, pH, kadar alkohol, dan pengujian nyala pada hasil distilasi yang didapatkan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan uji rendemen,uji pH, uji kadar alkohol, dan uji nyala.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa rendemen bioethanol yang dihasilkan tertinggi pada penambahan ragi 75 gram yaitu 3,18%, uji pH yang mendekati SNI yaitu pada penambahan ragi 75 gram yaitu 4,10, uji kadar alkohol pada penambahan ragi 100 gram yaitu 49,00%, dan uji nyala yang dilakukan pada ketiga perlakuan menunjukan bahwa ketiganya mengandung alkohol karena ketika dibakar menghasilkan nyala api yang cepat hilang.
Estrategias de aprendizaje y creencias sobre el idioma inglés: una aproximación correlacional en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Gómez Juan Fernando , Díaz Larenas Claudio , Gómez Torres Walter Darién
Published: February 2021

This research intends to analyze the strategies and beliefs through the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and the Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory (BALLI), respectively, and examine the correlations between both instruments with a sample of 303 university students. This corresponds to a descriptive correlational study carried out under a transactional design. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to find gender-related differences and the Spearman's Correlation Test to find correlation between both SILL and BALLI. Results indicated that the category of ‘social strategies’ is used more often and gender differences in ‘memory strategies’ were also identified.
Country governance, tourism and environment quality: An emerging economy perspective
Authors: Akram Sadaf , Sultana Nayyer , Sultana Tanzilla , Majeed Mamoona , Saeed Rufia
Published: February 2021

The objective of the study has two folds: first, the study analyzes the role of country governance in tourism. Second, the study investigates the impact of tourism on the environmental quality. For this purpose, the data from 1997 to 2018 are collected from the World Bank and Global Economy. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test and ordinary least square regression models are used to analyze the impact. The study finds positive impact of rule of law, control of corruption, political stability and government effectiveness on tourism. The study also finds a negative relation between tourism and environmental quality of Pakistan. The study recommends the tourism destination planners to continuously monitor their country and to work with the government towards stability and protection and safety of tourists and for the general public. The rules to control corruption must also be implemented in a blanket form. The study also recommends the researchers to promote research on the relationship between country governance and tourism. Overall, the evidence of the study provides innovative information regarding the impact of country governance on tourism and tourism on environmental quality, which political leaders, tourist analysts and policymakers can use to shape policies in order to promote the tourist industries.
Vowel prothesis before /r/ revisited: acoustics and typology
Authors: Bolter David
Published: February 2021

Vowel prothesis is a phonological process by which a vowel is inserted at the beginning of a word. Vowel prothesis before a rhotic is attested in a number of languages of the world and has been discussed by Hall (2011), where the instantiation of this phenomenon in the Walliser dialect of Swiss German received a theoretical treatment couched in the framework of Optimality Theory (OT). In this paper, I revisit that process of vowel prothesis and discuss vowel prothesis before /r/ in light of the phonetics of such a development as well as the typology of such a change. It will be argued that vowel prothesis before a rhotic only comes about when that rhotic is a trill. This is because trilled rhotics in the world’s languages are known to involve a brief vocalic period (roughly 50 ms) prior to the onset of vibration. Furthermore, all languages with an attested change of #rV- → #VrV- e.g. Walliser German, Campidanian Sardinian, Basque, Gascon and Sakha (Yakut) have an alveolar trilled /r/. In terms of OT, I analyze this as due to a high-ranking constraint against trills in the prosodic-word initial position, formulated as *ω[Trill.
The Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Its Role in the Economic Development of a Country
Authors: Pedraza Jorge Morales
Published: February 2021

Undoubtedly, micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) play a central role in many countries’ economic development. They are a major source of entrepreneurial skills, innovation, and employment account for most businesses worldwide. MSMEs are important contributors to job creation and global economic development, representing 90% of businesses and more than 50% of employment worldwide.
The Effects of Dichotomous Thinking on Depression in Japanese College Students
Authors: Kawabata Takeyasu , Abe Naohiko , Wakai Takafumi
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of dichotomous thinking on depression. We attempted to test the following hypotheses: 1) dichotomous thinking increases depression, and 2) dichotomous thinking has two routes to increase depression—direct, associative processing, and indirect, reflective processing. Two hundred Japanese college students (Males: 107, Females: 93, M age= 20.02 ± 1.42) were asked to complete the Dichotomous Thinking Inventory, which consists of three subscales: dichotomous belief, profit-and-loss thinking, and preference for dichotomy; the Kessler 6 Distress Scale; and the Japanese version of the Rumination-reflection Questionnaire. We conducted structural equation modelling to test the hypotheses. The results supported the hypotheses and indicated that dichotomous thinking increased depression. There were two different routes: dichotomous belief directly increased depression and profit-and-loss thinking indirectly increased depression by way of rumination. There are some implications of the findings. This study suggests that cognitive distortions might causes depression from two paths and practical interventions might also have two different routes or approaches to depression.
La partición de Kosovo: ¿redibujar fronteras para conseguir la paz?
Authors: Bernabé-Crespo Miguel Borja
Published: February 2021

Kosovo es un Estado parcialmente reconocido con una gran variedad de minorías étnicas, donde la relación albanesa-serbia es la que ocasiona más tensiones. La propuesta de intercambio de territorios para corregir la frontera entre Serbia y Kosovo presenta como beneficio el reconocimiento mutuo y la normalización de relaciones, pero entraña el riesgo de abrir la caja de Pandora de las revisiones fronterizas en los Balcanes. El artículo incluye un repaso de las relaciones entre Serbia y Kosovo con una abundante selección de notas de prensa. Analiza dicha propuesta y refleja la situación actual de los territorios y debate su idoneidad. Concluye que la UE debería ofrecer claridad y un compromiso firme y tangible de progreso para afianzar su credibilidad, a la vez que apoyar la democratización para favorecer su integración europea.
An analogy between management and war strategies
Authors: Junior Adir Molinari
Published: February 2021

It is said that business and economic warfare are both complex and dynamic subjects that are shaped by defined established principles, which ask for practical and well-structured methods in order to reach positive results and success from them. The aim of this article is to outline na analogical reflection on the two subjects above, by means of articulating discussions strategies that were adopted to not only hit the rival companies but also search for competitive advantages in the business market.
Public politics and innovation of the telecommunications sector
Authors: Campanario Milton de Abreu , Reichstul Daniel
Published: February 2021

The present article evaluates the public policy towards the telecommunication sector in Brazil, taking into consideration the dead scheme of state monopoly and the introduction of processes of privatization, economic liberalization and technological innovation. It is described the increase in direct foreign investments, new forms of technology innovation, introduction of regulatory institutions, goals for investments and scopes of service attendance. Through a wide bibliographical review, data analysis and interviews with specialists, entrepreneurs and public policy makers, it was possible to better understand the role of the public policy on the national technological innovation capabilities in the sector. The results demonstrate that the commercial balance in telecommunication's equipments has increased its deficit as well as the expenses with the foreign technology transfer contracts. The new market structure was achieved mainly due to an elevation of internal prices to international levels and the legislation favorable to the competition among incumbents. It is identified an absence of policies and incentives of the public sector in the telecommunications technology innovation system, allowing an increased Brazilian dependence on foreign supply.
The leader and the organizational learning process: a study in work groups of client service at bank agencies
Authors: Aroma Wilson , Camejo Adriana
Published: February 2021

This article refers to the influence of the leaders in facilitating the learning process at the bank agencies (branches), of the Client Service Team, understanding that this service is a competitive deferential for the organizations. It is based on an exploratory research accomplished in the city of São Paulo, in which it proceeded to a survey of qualitative data by means of interview in depth with 12 bank employees at the bank agencies of three different private national banks. For the interpretation of the obtained data, “Content Analysis” was used. The results show us that the leaders with the features of leadership characteristically transformable, managed to conciliate a more favorable environment to the learning of the employees than those who had the transactional features, even though the working environments that have been researched were highly controlled, based on the routine length, demanding the administration a leadership that is more concerned to relieve the frustrations than to generate transformations.
Organizational enlargement: the dominance of time and space relation by transnational enterprises
Authors: Santos Isabel Cristina dos
Published: February 2021

This work paper aims to discuss the new time and space orientations imposed by transnational companies, mostly supported by the advances of remote communication technologies which has been developed towards to better control new production systems and industrial partnerships. On the other hand, these technologies make new labor forms and relationships possible. In the background of the changes are the efforts to control the variability of the whole organizational environment towards the control of the individual space through global markets. The methodology approach is based on qualitative analysis and bibliografic research related to the taylorist industrial model, organizational culture and employee’s management tools. The conclusion indicates that labor relations are changing and also the individual organizational spaces and roles, previously defined by scientific management. Globalization and a new economic global order, controlled by transnational companies, lead to the rapid rebuilding of organizational reality and competitiveness model, and also interfere with the political and social space of the new industrial localities.
Anacronismos históricos, potenciales políticos: la memoria transnacional de la desaparición en Latinoamérica
Authors: Mandolessi Silvana
Published: February 2021

Este artículo examina el concepto de ‘memoria transnacional’ y su relevancia para el estudio de la memoria colectiva en el ámbito hispánico. Primero, exploro los términos teóricos usados para referir a una dimensión transnacional de la memoria, tales como ‘travelling’, ‘multidirectional’, ‘cosmopolitan’ o ‘globital’ memory. Segundo, distingo entre diferentes modos de concebir lo transnacional: como ‘condición histórica’ o ‘perspectiva hermenéutica’, ‘circulación’ o ‘negociación’. Por último, luego de evaluar su pertinencia para el análisis del fenómeno de la desaparición en el ámbito hispánico, discuto el carácter legítimo de la apropiación de la figura del desaparecido en otros contextos diferentes del original.This article examines the concept of ‘transnational memory’ and its relevance for the study of collective memory in the Hispanic world. First, I explore the terms used to refer to a transnational dimension of memory, such as ‘travelling’, ‘multidirectional’, ‘cosmopolitan’ or ‘globital’. Second, I distinguish between different ways of conceiving of the transnational, as a ‘historical condition’ or ‘hermeneutic perspective’, as related to an imaginary of ‘circulation’ or ‘negotiation’. Finally, after assessing its relevance for the analysis of the phenomenon of disappearance in the Hispanic world, I discuss the legitimacy of the appropriation of the figure of the ‘disappeared’ in contexts that differ from the original one.
Los ‘años de plomo’ en perspectiva transnacional. ¿Idas y vueltas de conceptos políticos-históricos, figuraciones y narrativas culturales? (España – Argentina)
Authors: Eser Patrick
Published: February 2021

El artículo explora el campo semántico de la violencia política y en concreto de los ‘años de plomo’ en la España y en la Argentina de los años 70/80. Partiendo de perspectivas transnacionales se investigan diferentes relatos periodísticos, cinematográficos y literarios sobre los ‘años de plomo’ para evaluar y comparar los diferentes modos de representar y problematizar el pasado violento de ambos países.The essay explores the semantic field of political violence and of the ‘years of lead’ in Spain and Argentine of the 70s/80s. Starting form transnational perspectives the article investigates journalist, filmic and literary narratives about the ‘years of lead’ in order to evaluate and compare the different modes in the representation of the violent past of both countries.
DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO E ESTRATÉGIAS INOVADORAS PARA UMA APRENDIZAGEM ATIVA: ANÁLISE SOCIAL A PARTIR DE PODCAST
Authors: Rosan  Christino  Gitahy Raquel , Aparecida  Rosa  Cintra Glaucia , Rodrigues  Biassoti Leticia , Henrique Ramos Alves Luis
Published: February 2021

This article aims to demonstrate the ability of teachers and parents to adapt to changes -resilience, as well as to analyze the reactions of those involved in the teaching and learning process in time of COVID 19. In order to achieve the proposed objective, several Podcasts were analyzed. report how parents and teachers are making themselves flexible in the face of remote classes to overcome the difficulties of the moment and enable education to occur in this context of a pandemic. 2020 will be remembered as a year of several changes in contemporary society. The SARS-COV 2 pandemic has infected thousands of people in Brazil and the world, with physical isolation being the best form of prevention against contagion, causing transformations in various sectors of society, including education, which had to “give up” the face-to-face teaching initiating remote education to guarantee the fundamental right to education. Through bibliographic research and documentary research, the latter based on Podcasts, it was found that for years the greatest use of technology has been discussed as an instrument that facilitates learning. During remote classes, teachers and students intensified their use of cell phones -WhatsApp and applications, notebooks, internet and a virtuallearning environment to enable access to education.
O rompimento da Barragem I da mina do Córrego do Feijão
Authors: Oliveira Thomaz Alvisi de , Lobato Rodrigo Batista , Felippe Miguel Fernandes
Published: February 2021

A atividade minerária impõe transformações profundas nas paisagens, levantando indagações que orbitam esferas temáticas vinculadas ao rompimento de barragens de contenção de rejeitos. O rompimento da Barragem I da mina do Córrego do Feijão em Brumadinho-MG, no dia 25 de janeiro de 2019, trouxe à comunidade científica demandas orientadas à compreensão da catástrofe em si e do seu desdobramento junto aos mosaicos de uso e ocupação da terra e coberturas vegetacionais presentes. Esse trabalho mapeou as alterações impostas às áreas locadas à jusante da estrutura colapsada, cenário contextualizado pela bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Ferro-Carvão, por meio de classificação do uso e ocupação da terra e coberturas vegetacionais em uma cena do satélite Sentinel-2, resolução espacial de 10x10 metros. Com base nas condições anteriores à tragédia, os resultados expõem os impactos do colapso, possibilitando o diálogo sobre as transformações da paisagem no sistema hidrográfico diretamente afetado.
Research Status and Prospects of Tribological Behaviors of Key Friction Pairs of Materials in Marine Equipment
Authors: WANG Chengpeng , WANG Shenghui , WANG Haizeng , RUAN Guoling , XIAO Yexiang , JIANG Zuguang , LI Xiupeng
Published: February 2021

Marine environment provides a basic space for human survival and social sustainable development. The study of tribological problems and mechanism of marine engineering materials in the sea extreme environment has become one of key technologies to be developed urgently in the field of marine engineering. This review summarizes and analyzes the tribological research of key friction materials in marine environment, focuses on tribological properties of ceramic, polymer and metal, emphatically introduces the current situation and development trend of tribological research in marine environment, such as metal and metal pairs, ceramics and metal pairs, polymers and metal pairs, polymers and ceramic pairs, and aims to provide a tutorial reference for the selection and application of friction pairs of marine engineering equipment.
Open Pit Mining
Authors: H. Altiti Awwad , O. Alrawashdeh Rami , M. Alnawafleh Hani
Published: February 2021

Open pit mining method is one of the surface mining methods that has a traditional cone-shaped excavation and is usually employed to exploit a near-surface, nonselective and low-grade zones deposits. It often results in high productivity and requires large capital investments, low operating costs, and good safety conditions. The main topics that will be discussed in this chapter will include an introduction into the general features of open pit mining, ore body characteristics and configurations, stripping ratios and stripping overburden methods, mine elements and parameters, open pit operation cycle, pit slope angle, stability of mine slopes, types of highwall failures, mine closure and reclamation, and different variants of surface mining methods including opencast mining, mountainous mining, and artisan mining.
Machine Learning Models for Industrial Applications
Authors: Ramentol Enislay , Olsson Tomas , Barua Shaibal
Published: February 2021

More and more industries are aspiring to achieve a successful production using the known artificial intelligence. Machine learning (ML) stands as a powerful tool for making very accurate predictions, concept classification, intelligent control, maintenance predictions, and even fault and anomaly detection in real time. The use of machine learning models in industry means an increase in efficiency: energy savings, human resources efficiency, increase in product quality, decrease in environmental pollution, and many other advantages. In this chapter, we will present two industrial applications of machine learning. In all cases we achieve interesting results that in practice can be translated as an increase in production efficiency. The solutions described cover areas such as prediction of production quality in an oil and gas refinery and predictive maintenance for micro gas turbines. The results of the experiments carried out show the viability of the solutions.
Sustainable Energy Management of Institutional Buildings through Load Prediction Models: Review and Case Study
Authors: Santos Sánchez Antonio , João Regufe Maria , Mafalda Ribeiro Ana , B.R. Nogueira Idelfonso
Published: February 2021

Institutional buildings need smart techniques to predict the energy consumption in a smart grids’ framework. Here, the importance of dynamic load forecasting as a tool to support the decision in smart grids is addressed. In addition, it is reviewed the energy consumption patterns of institutional buildings and the state-of-the-art of load forecast modeling using artificial neural networks. The discussion is supported by historical data from energy consumption in a university building. These data are used to develop a reliable model for the prediction of the electric load in a campus. A neural network model was developed, which can forecast the load with an average error of 6.5%, and this model can also be used as a decision tool to assess the convenience of supplying this load with a set of renewable energy sources. Statistical data that measure the availability of the local renewable sources can be compared with a load model in order to assess how well these energy sources match the energy needs of buildings. This novel application of load models was applied to the campus where a good correlation (Pearson coefficient of 0.803) was found between energy demand and the availability of the solar resource in the campus.
New Generation Aero Combustor
Authors: Chin Jushan , Dang Jin
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study is to identify the technology for next generation aero combustors, and to propose totally new combustor design approaches. Next generation aero combustors need very high combustion air fraction, that brings idle lean blow out (LBO) problem. The present study suggests several measures to solve this problem, including: pilot and main two concentric combustion zones with separation, aerodynamic design to have main air slipping by pilot combustion zones, etc. For high fuel air ratio (FAR) combustor, the present authors propose using angled main fuel co-axial air plain jet injection. Make use of different penetration to meet the need for low power and high power conditions. For low emissions combustor, the present authors use small scale close contact fuel-air mixing with fuel staging to have low emissions at the same time to have good idle, good high altitude ignition, etc. Brand new cooling designs are proposed for outliner and inner liner. This chapter is mainly a survey of present author’s own research. The results of this study will provide guideline for the development of next generation aero combustors.
First Report on the Diversity of Epizoic Algae in Larval of Shellfish Gastropod Aliger gigas
Authors: Elizabeth Muciño-Márquez Rocío , Aldana-Aranda Dalila , Guadalupe Figueroa-Torres María , Hernández-Almeida Oscar
Published: February 2021

Epibiosis occur frequently on the shells of some marine crustaceans, which often serve as substrate for various species of algae, there is few information on the associations between these. The objective of this study was to determine if the gastropod mollusk Aliger gigas (formerly Lobatus gigas) in larval had some sort of the association with algal. To the above was carried out collecting egg masses in the environment, the larvae were cultivated in seawater filtered 5 μm. The algal material found was observed in electron microscopy, for its identification and quantification. We analyzed 60 larvae aged 2–44 days for analyzing the structure of the shell and its epibionts. Of the larvae analyzed, 50 larvae presented epizoic. The algae community consisted of 28 taxa, and composed of 25 diatoms (Bacillariophyta) and three cyanophytes (Cyanobacteria). The H′ diversity values fluctuated between 0.2 a 1.2. The dominant and frequent species were formed by diatoms: Nitzschia panduriformis var. minor, Halamphora sp. and Cyclophora sp.
Rhetoric Communication to Handle Interpersonal Conflicts at Workplaces
Authors: Tripathy Mitashree
Published: February 2021

Organisations are large platforms amalgamating people from diverse backgrounds, mindsets, experiences, opinions and beliefs. It is likely that at times there may be a clash in personalities leading to conflicts. While conflicts resolved create productive workplaces, on the contrary unresolved conflicts generate dissatisfaction and discontent among the people further leading to inefficiency among the employees directly hampering the organisation as a whole. Communication is understood as the most indispensable factors that moulds and reflects in our everyday relationships. Because of its dynamism and complexity, communication forms the essence of interpersonal relationships in organisational contexts. Understanding the vitality of communication, the concept this paper explores is how rhetoric communication, an Aristotelian principle may help resolving interpersonal conflicts, creating a win-win situation and further extending healthy interpersonal relationships at workplaces.
Role of Sex Hormones in Human Body
Authors: Malik Aubead Nassrin
Published: February 2021

Gonadal Steroids hormones play an important role in the reproductive and non-reproductive systems. Estrogen has important rule in cardiovascular system as it has vasodilator effect and reduces or prevents platelet activation. In addition, it improves the profile of circulating lipoproteins. All of which may explain why women at premenopausal age are less likely to have heart disease than menopause women or men. E2 play a grate effect on the skeletal system as it is one of the strongest regulators of osteoblast and osteoclast function, and it is responsible for the reduction of adipose tissue and regulation of the body weight, and also has dermatological effect,hence it stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes and prevents their apoptosis, in addition to the progesterone which increases collagen synthesis. Estrogen is necessary for the functioning and integrity of the tissues of the urinary system specially of the lower urinary tract. Sex steroid are crucial for nervous system, as progesterone is important for production of neurosteroid, and estrogen is currently used in Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease because of its effects on mental health. The androgens also have a crucial biological effects on neural, muscle, bone, adipose tissue,prostate, cardiovascular, haemopoietic, and the reproductive systems. The gonadal steroid hormones play an important role in immune system and regulating the immune response against different viral or bacterial infections.
Disrupting Certainties: History Education for Informed Lived Citizenships
Authors: A. Hunter Philippa
Published: February 2021

How might teacher education engage pre-service teachers with unfamiliar voices and historical representation in an age of diversity, and view history as a critical project for young citizens? This context is situated in an Aotearoa New Zealand university’s initial teacher education (ITE) secondary programme. As a history educator, I negotiate multiple sites’ cultural practices and legacies of doing and being. I juggle professional, curriculum and assessment discursive practices and teachers’ certainties about their history programmes. This involves history theorising, scholarship and expectations. Tensions exist in relation to ‘sacred’ history contexts and knowledge claims embedded in curriculum and assessment standards that act to lessen possibilities of critical approaches. Critical pedagogy informs my stance that young citizens need to be confident and informed about their identity/ies and lived pasts to question what counts as knowledge and in whose interests this knowledge serves. Problematised history pedagogy (PHP) research aimed to disrupt pre-service teachers’ normative discourses. Emergent findings have subsequently shaped my history programme’s pedagogic approaches and evidence-informed assessment. Recent scholarly and public interest in histories that ‘play out’ in Aotearoa New Zealand’s present, serve to refocus history in ITE and schooling spaces to disrupt pedagogic certainties and exclusive notions of citizenship.
Micronutrient Antioxidants in the Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer and Effect on Breast Cancer Outcomes
Authors: McGrowder Donovan , Miller Fabian , Nwokocha Chukwuemeka , Wilson-Clarke Cameil , Anderson Melisa , Anderson-Jackson Lennox , Williams Lowen
Published: February 2021

Breast cancer remains one of the most frequent cancers affecting women globally. The incidence of breast cancer is rising due to improved screening and awareness, and there is epidemiological data signifying an interaction among environmental and biological risk factors in the development and progress of breast cancer. There is substantial experimental data of the protective effect of micronutrient antioxidants for breast cancer via alteration of many signaling pathways and molecular events including inducing apoptosis, and inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. The main focus of this review is to examine past and current epidemiological evidence that suggests that nutritional micronutrients with antioxidant properties in dietary or supplemental form may be beneficial in protecting women against breast cancer and affect outcomes.
A Narrative Review of the Measles Outbreak in North America and Globally
Authors: Sanyaolu Adekunle , Okorie Chuku , Marinkovic Aleksandra , Hamdy Kareem , Prakash Stephanie , Patidar Risha , Fahad Abbasi Abu , Desai Priyank , Jan Abdul , Mangat Jasmine
Published: February 2021

In the early twenty-first century, measles was completely eradicated in the United States of America (USA) and almost eliminated in Canada. This was greatly due to most of the population being vaccinated against the virus. In 2018 and 2019, the USA and Canada experienced a rapidly developing measles virus outbreak due to growing debates about vaccine efficacy and side effects. Therefore, some people refused to vaccinate their children against measles, as well as many other life-threatening preventable diseases. This led to a major measles outbreak and health concern in the USA, Canada, and globally. Some countries including the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) reported a significant number of cases and casualties resulting from measles, mainly due to the lack of funding for vaccines, as well as inadequate vaccination coverage in certain socio-demographic areas. People traveling from these countries can easily transmit the disease, though there has been a steep decline in cases since the travel ban due to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The number of unvaccinated children currently in the USA and Canada has quadrupled since 2001. Over the past couple of years, most of the measles cases have been diagnosed in those who either did not receive the measles vaccine or complete the recommended doses of the vaccine. This paper reviews the measles outbreak, in recent years, among unvaccinated individuals in the USA, Canada, and globally.
The Cervical Hybrid Arthroplasty
Authors: Pazmiño Pablo
Published: February 2021

The cervical hybrid arthroplasty is a surgical option for appropriately indicated patients, and high success rates have been reported in the literature. Complications and failures are often associated with patient indications or technical variables, and the goal of this chapter is to assist surgeons in understanding these factors.
Evaluation of Protein Sources in Different Base Formulations Based on Total and Digestible Amino Acids for Japanese Quails
Authors: Barbosa de Souza Rafael , Guilherme Perazzo Costa Fernando , Humberto Vilar da Silva José , Paes Saraiva Edilson , Pereira Rodrigues Valéria , Ramalho de Lima Matheus , Gomes Pinheiro Sarah , Naemi Kaneko Isabelle
Published: February 2021

The Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) rearing activity has grown considerably over the past few years. The purpose of this study was to compare diet formulations based on total (TAA) and digestible amino acids (DAA) and the use of different protein sources such as meat cum bone meal and feather meal in Japanese quails. The first three treatments were based on TAA, formulated based on corn and soybean meal (CST); meat and bone meal (CSMT); feather meal (CSMFT). The three other treatments received the same sequence of ingredients as the previous treatments; however, the diets were formulated based on digestible amino acids (DAA) (CSD, CSMD, and CSMFD). The results show that the base of diet formulation improves the performance of quails from 1-21d and the quails show that is possible to replacement of soybean meal with animal-origin by-products such as meat bone meal and feather meal, buts is needed to evaluate more aspects. In conclusion, diets formulated base on DAA for Japanese quails can be utilized with the same efficiency as diets based on TAA.