bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Architecture in Morocco, between tradition and modernity the things of forms and the forms of things
Authors: AMHAMDI Rimane
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Modern architecture is defined as a search for a new model, an alternative to the traditional model deemed outdated and incapable of meeting the evolving needs and requirements of modern man. In Morocco, more so than anywhere else, vernacular and traditional architecture has proven, especially since the colonial period, to be a reference point in the development of a new architecture with a strong Moroccan identity. This architecture aims to be a fusion of traditional, Berber, and Arab-Muslim architecture, both in terms of form and aesthetics. Revealing the process through which contemporary architecture in Morocco claims its Moroccan specificity and modernity whether in terms of concept, aesthetics, form, function, sustainability, energy efficiency, or well-being is not about contrasting old/modern or present / past. Rather, it is about unveiling: the "things of forms" that define conceptual modes, and the "forms of things" that define formal and aesthetic particularities. The objective of this communication, stemming from a portion (currently in writing) of my thesis research, is to make a modest and partial contribution to the definition of contemporary Moroccan architecture. This architecture, while modern, increasingly asserts its identity by drawing from traditional Moroccan architecture in various ways. The goal is also to show how this architecture, in its constant search for cultural and identity inscription, breaks with the anonymous international style, creating new forms enriched by the contributions of traditional architecture and craftsmanship.
The heritage of the Bulgarian revival in the central Balkans region: Vernacular architecture - restoration issues and revitalization challenges
Authors: DASKALOVA Tzvetelina
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Over the past century, the concept of "obsolescence" has gained prominence, highlighting the ephemeral nature of architecture. The rapid advancement of building systems and technologies has accelerated the depreciation and aging of structures, prompting a shift in our understanding of a building's "lifespan." However, with evolving mindsets, it is essential to reconsider the value of vernacular buildings even not classified as Immovable Cultural Heritage. Some can be saved and revitalized, offering significant meaning for future development while preserving the cultural identity of cities and their inhabitants, as well as the layered historical memory they represent.
Restoration of the Kasbah of Boulaouane: An innovative approach using eco-friendly geopolymer and biopolymer composite materials
Authors: MASROUR Ilham
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The Kasbah of Boulaouane, a magnificent 18th-century fortress near El Jadida, Morocco, faces a critical challenge. Built by Sultan Moulay Ismaïl, this historical monument is suffering from cracks and instability due to weathering and neglect. The traditional rammed earth walls, once a symbol of resilience, are now threatened. This study proposes a groundbreaking and ecological solution for the Kasbah's restoration: a composite material combining geopolymer and biopolymer. Geopolymers, formed from eco-friendly alkaline solutions and pozzolans, offer exceptional strength, while biopolymers, derived from fermented wheat straw, provide additional reinforcement. Our research demonstrates that this innovative combination significantly increases the flexural and compressive strength of rammed earth. By incorporating these modern, sustainable materials with time-tested techniques, we can not only restore the Kasbah of Boulaouane to its former glory but also ensure its longevity for future generations. This method has the potential to revolutionize the preservation of rammed earth structures worldwide, safeguarding our cultural heritage for years to come.
Hydrography as a guide to reading the urban form of the Medina of Fez
Authors: MOUJOUD Lamiae
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The urban morphological evolution of the Medina of Fez is examined through the lens of hydrography, from the Idrisid period to the contemporary era. The analysis reveals how hydraulic systems have shaped urban development, influencing spatial organization, socio-economic structures, and cultural practices. The research highlights the symbiotic relationship between water management and urban planning, demonstrating a diachronic narrative of adaptation and resilience. The exploration of transformations in water management practices over the centuries illustrates how hydrological considerations have facilitated or hindered urban morphological evolution. The importance of hydrography as a determining factor in the development of Fez is emphasized, offering perspectives on the adaptability of urban spaces in the face of environmental and sociopolitical changes.
Natural risks and resilience of vernacular architecture: The case of the Medina of the City of Larache
Authors: SALOUI Chaimae
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Larache, the capital of its province, is a city with remarkable potential in the Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region. It is situated along the Tangier–Kenitra axis, which has seen significant economic growth due to major international trade routes, including air and port connections. Despite its strategic location, Larache, particularly represented by its vernacular architecture and traditional housing in the medina, is evolving in a direction that prompts further reflection. Currently, the vernacular architecture of Larache’s medina is a key element of its cultural heritage, reflecting local traditions and techniques adapted to environmental conditions. Unfortunately, this architectural wealth is often overlooked and threatened by natural risks that diminish its value and functionality. Today, there is a growing need to redirect urban planning towards developing strategies that protect the integrity of these structures while addressing natural risks. In this way, the old medina can become a model for the preservation and enhancement of vernacular architecture, while reinforcing local identity and promoting sustainable tourism.
Habitat reinvention: Tented living in waiting for reconstruction
Authors: OUBAH Soumia
Published: January 2025

Abstract. This study examines « rural habitation » in a mountainous region of the Western High Atlas affected by the earthquake of September 8, 2023. It aims to understand how residents lived before and in the aftermath of the earthquake, as well as the implications of ongoing public reconstruction efforts concerning local and heritage dimensions of rural habitat. Utilizing an ethnographic approach, the research focuses on the case of Ouneine in Taroudant province, highlighting the transition from traditional vernacular architecture to temporary tent structures. It reveals the community’s creative adaptations and differing perceptions of their vernacular habitats, emphasizing the need for participatory approaches in reconstruction that respect local knowledge and practices.
Vernacular Architecture facing seismic hazards - Al Haouz and Chichaoua Provinces
Authors: TLEMÇANI MEKAOUI Nezha
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The architectural and historical authenticity of the Al Haouz and Chichaoua provinces is expressed through earth and stone architecture, showcasing a local expertise that has proven its worth over decades. While it may be considered uncomfortable from the perspective of modern architecture, this simple and "archaic" know-how, if it can be described as such, has demonstrated its effectiveness given the region's climatic conditions. This vernacular architecture, characterized by traditional construction techniques and the use of local materials for buildings, is now threatened by several factors. These structures have shown vulnerability to seismic shocks, as evidenced by the recent earthquake that affected the region. The issue of the historical sites in Al Haouz and Chichaoua represents a major challenge in terms of preserving local vernacular architecture, which demonstrated its vulnerability during the earthquake that struck the region on September 8, 2023. This vulnerability places researchers and professionals before a complex challenge, where the need to preserve heritage intersects with the integration of modern protection techniques and socio-economic valorization. The ability of historical buildings to withstand natural disasters while maintaining their architectural integrity is questioned. Nevertheless, the earthquake that shook the soil of the Al Haouz region also jolted the authorities, professionals, architects, and civil society. It brought to light the isolated parts of the Al Haouz mountain. This article is based on a firsthand experience, post-earthquake, lived on-site, revealing the drawbacks of a vernacular architecture that is deformed, vulnerable, and undergoing transformation.
Seismic vulnerability of vernacular architectural heritage in the Al Haouz region in Morocco
Authors: EL HARROUNI Khalid
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Vernacular architectural heritage in the Al Haouz Region of Morocco faces significant seismic vulnerability. This poses a serious threat to preserving these valuable structures made of local materials including earth, wood, and stone. It is therefore crucial to analyze and assess the seismic vulnerability of these buildings to develop effective strategies for their protection and conservation. The seismic vulnerability of vernacular architectural heritage refers to the susceptibility of these structures to damage or collapse during seismic events. Vernacular architecture, characterized by its use of local materials and traditional building techniques, is particularly vulnerable due to its lack of compliance with modern seismic design codes and standards. This paper explores the seismic vulnerability of these vernacular buildings made of local materials in heritage sites and thus proposes adaptation strategies to improve their seismic resilience. The assessment approach is based on a qualitative method including visual inspections and observations to identify visible signs of deterioration or structural weakness following the Al Haouz earthquake disaster of September 2023. Various factors need to be considered including the quality of construction materials, and the geological and geotechnical characteristics of the Al Haouz region, such as soil type and topography, which play a crucial role in determining the seismic vulnerability of these buildings. The approach then uses the seismic regulatory framework for the seismic protection of earthen buildings. Appropriate measures and sustainable and regulatory practices can be implemented to mitigate seismic risks.
Modern architecture and the lessons of vernacular shantytown housing in Morocco
Authors: SAAID Fatimazohra
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Vernacular architecture offers responses that are adapted to its inhabitants needs and in harmony with its environment. This observation celebrated in 1964, during the exhibition entitled “Architecture without architect” by Bernard Rudofsky at the MOMA in New York, brought to light the values of vernacular architecture and recognized it as an unprecedented source of inspiration for modern architecture. However, as early as the 1940s, even before Rudofsky’s exhibition, architectural practices initiated in Morocco began to demonstrate an interest in vernacular architecture. The modern architects of the CIAM Morocco Members developed new architectural approaches focused on the study of the formal diversity of vernacular housing in their connection to the lifestyles of the inhabitants. Far from any stigmatization, the attitude of these modern architects will broaden, from this period, the analysis of the vernacular in architecture to the typology of the shantytown. An achievement of popular inventiveness, the vernacular habitat of the shantytown restores for these architects attributes comparable to those of traditional vernacular environments. These approaches which were presented at the CIAM 9 in 1953, were drawn up as a reformulation of the principles of modern architecture. Although there are trends that focus on shantytowns as vernacular architecture that can solve the problem of housing and tomorrow’s cities, the approaches of CIAM-Maroc architects focused on the shantytown are manifested as innovative avant-garde architectural attitudes. Thus, this paper focuses on studying the formulations of these modern architects based on the shantytown, to show the practical values of this vernacular typology and highlight the dialectical relationship between the teachings of vernacular architecture of the shantytown and the renewal of modern architecture.
Biosourced materials and vernacular architecture: A bibliometric analysis of properties and recent developments
Authors: Islam Gharbi
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Vernacular architecture, which employs traditional materials and techniques tailored to local contexts, is vital for managing natural risks and enhancing building resilience. This study explores the use of bio-sourced materials as a sustainable solution in vernacular architecture. By valorizing plant waste, these materials offer alternatives to conventional resources and reduce the environmental footprint of the construction sector. A bibliometric analysis provides insights into the evolution of research in vernacular architecture, highlighting key trends, influential contributors, and collaborations within the field. This work aims to define the etymological and epistemological significance of vernacular architecture, investigate its recognition, and identify its lessons. Additionally, the study includes a survey of vernacular seismic resistance techniques and an inventory of available bio-sourced materials in Morocco that can bolster the seismic resilience of vernacular constructions.
Evaluation and modeling of a solar collector containing a thermal storage unit
Authors: Sebbar E.H.
Published: January 2025

Abstract. This study utilizes solar energy-saving methods, concentrating on thermal energy storage (TES) through the employment of a thermal storage unit and a solar collector. Using phase change materials (PCM), the integration of a thermal energy storage system in a solar collector is studied numerically. The behavior of the PCM during the three-day loading and unloading phase is the main focus of this investigation. The PCM in the solar collector was modeled using the enthalpy-porosity approach. This method faithfully replicates the PCM's melting and solidification procedures for heat transport. The location of the PCM in the collector and how to relate the mass flow rate with the temperature of the fluid were studied in detail to optimize the efficiency of thermal energy storage and heat production by the collector. The final results of the study are presented and discussed based on performance parameters including outlet temperature, liquid fraction, and melting and solidification process under different operating conditions.
Towards resilient architecture in technological innovation and AI
Authors: MOCERINO Consiglia
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The new trends in construction aim at a process innovation in which the new construction, organizational, and production methods are integrated with qualitative techniques and efficient technologies, on principles that tend more towards resilience in architecture. In fact, from a strongly eco-sustainable approach, there is a tendency towards a greater verification of the quality and efficiency in construction that highlights a new trend towards resilient design, in line with a desired vernacular design in architecture. Technological innovation follows the great impact in socio-economic and industrial development indicating new housing performances, in efficient and resilient building envelopes that can avoid major climatic and environmental risks. Above all, building according to principles of resilience to growing global warming, meteorological disasters, and air pollution, in line with COP28, the UNFCCC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the Paris Agreement, WMO, UNEP, etc. The main objectives are user well-being in the habitat of efficient contextualized envelopes with the use of vernacular building techniques integrated with the technological innovation of intelligent and biocompatible materials, nanotechnologies and innovative nanomaterials, sustainable bio-inspired systems, and natural engineering. So integration criteria of high-performance and adaptive building envelopes for new construction and redevelopment, integrated with sustainability strategies with passive heating and cooling, increased waste disposal, reduction of energy costs, reduction of water dependence with increased use of wastewater, for the reduction of environmental pollution and optimization of local renewable resources. The methodologies are above all the application of resilient design with political and passive strategies with innovative glass systems, shading, innovative, recyclable techniques and materials of green building, high efficiency, and low cost, from renewable sources and energy saving, bioswales for the collection and management of polluted rainwater, green roofs, critical systems to resist flooding, global warming, and above all meteorological risks and active strategies with intelligent digital systems and AI. The challenge is that of decentralization and decarbonization with durable energy-efficient buildings for user well-being with structures in urban and territorial contexts that increase the fabric of the social community.
Dynamics of R&D Efforts, Patents, Exports and Economic Growth by World Trade Region, 1990-2021
Authors: Guzmán Alenka , Gómez Viquez Hortensia , López Herrera Francisco
Published: January 2025

This paper has two objectives. First, to compare the dynamics of R&D/GDP (%), resident patent applications, high-tech exports -VATX- (%), and the innovation and economic growth patterns of countries in North America, the European Union and Asia between 1997 and 2021. Second, to estimate the impact of R&D/GDP and resident and non-resident patent applications on VATX for each selected country through an ARDL model in the period 1997-2016. Results show that countries with more resident patent applications have more VATX. Overall, the effect of the number of resident patent applications and R&D expenditure on VATX depends on the dynamics in each country. Thus, in the United States, Germany, Japan, and China, the effect of the R&D, the number of resident and non- resident patents applied for, on the tendency to VATX is positive, while in the rest of the economies, the results are mixed. Comparing the dynamics of innovation and economic growth between the “old” and “new” members of the European Union, we find evidence of differentiated patterns, with the “old” members’ economic growth is particularly linked to the sustainability of innovative activity, supported by continuous R&D efforts, while among the new members some are beginning to build the virtuous circles that will lead them to sustainable economic growth. The differences are also evident among the USMCA countries, where the United States is the leader and Mexico has dispersion and erratic growth rates, showing that economic growth is not significantly related to innovation. In contrast, in the Southeast Asian region, the dynamics of innovation and GDP grow in a sustained and articulated manner over time.
A Bayesian Network Model to Evaluate the Credit Risk of Mexican Microfinance Institutions in 2023
Authors: Gress-Guerrero Alondra M. , Hernández-Vargas Jedidia , Martínez-Sánchez José F. , Martínez-Farías Francisco J.
Published: January 2025

Assessing credit risk is crucial for financial institutions to make timely and accurate decisions. This research proposes a model for microfinance institutions to estimate credit risk in simplified single-client scenarios. The model is based on a Bayesian Network algorithm and uses a historical database to demonstrate the forecast risk potential. The database includes variables such as age, income, credit history, home ownership, and the final state of the loan, which can be pay, default, or breach. By establishing a relationship between variables through an inferential network and joint probability tables, the research explores three scenarios to obtain risk probability distributions based on different age and income ranges. The inference probability is obtained via a Bayesian network, where the interrelation between variables is structured in a specific topology. We use the causality assumption to estimate the probability of default or credit risk, which is closer to the reality of credit institutions. Therefore, it is a powerful tool for risk analysis agencies to make informed decisions in credit evaluation.
Modeling economic growth in pandemic times with machine learning regression algorithms
Authors: Navarro-Acosta J. Alejandro , Soto-Mendoza Valeria , Policardo Laura , Sánchez-Carrera Edgar J.
Published: January 2025

Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyze the contrast of policies to face the Covid-19 pandemic in the socioeconomic performance of three representative economies: Italy, Mexico, and United States. Methodology: Machine learning (ML) techniques are applied to analyze the socioeconomic effects of the pandemic (containment measures, infection rates, total deaths, vaccination, etc.) on GDP growth in those countries. The experiment is that New Zealand's reference stringency index replaces each of those countries' own stringency index and the forecasts for GDP growth, Covid-19-induced deaths, and the Covid-19 reproduction rate. Thus, we show that ML techniques are robust tools for multiple outcome regressions and for experimental scenarios on the socioeconomic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic. Results: The experimental results revealed that the Regression Tree and Random Forest techniques successfully estimate and predict the cases of Italy, Mexico, and the United States. Conclusions: The proposal is that stringency measures and vaccination policies are undoubtedly successful in the fight against a pandemic, in addition to measuring the effects of such policies when data is available through the use of novel techniques such as ML.
Construcción de portafolios de inversión usando el enfoque de paridad de riesgo
Authors: Zapata Quimbayo Carlos Andres , Garcia Gaona Robinson Alexander
Published: January 2025

Este trabajo propone una metodología para aplicar el enfoque de paridad de riesgo (PR) como una alternativa al enfoque tradicional media-varianza (MV) de Markowitz. Para ello, se exploran los fundamentos del enfoque de PR, basado en la noción de contribución al riesgo, donde se busca que cada activo contribuya de manera igualitaria al riesgo total del portafolio, garantizando así una diversificación óptima del portafolio de inversión. Este enfoque se contrasta con el modelo MV, cuyo rendimiento se ve afectado por problemas de concentración y errores en la estimación de los parámetros, que pueden llevar a un riesgo excesivo. Para llevar a cabo su implementación, se construyen dos portafolios diferentes: uno en el mercado de valores estadounidense y otro internacional que incluye este mercado desarrollado y emergentes, como México y Brasil. Además, se utilizan métricas de concentración, como el índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI), para demostrar que los portafolios basados en PR son más consistentes y requieren menos rebalanceo. Finalmente, se señalan algunas limitaciones del enfoque PR y recomendaciones para su implementación.
A Supervised Explainable Machine Learning Model for Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Liver-Transplantation Patients and External Validation on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV Database: Retrospective Study
Authors: Ding Zhendong , Zhang Linan , Zhang Yihan , Yang Jing , Luo Yuheng , Ge Mian , Yao Weifeng , Hei Ziqing , Chen Chaojin
Published: January 2025

Background

Patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT) are at risk of perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND), which significantly affects the patients’ prognosis.

Objective

This study used machine learning (ML) algorithms with an aim to extract critical predictors and develop an ML model to predict PND among LT recipients.

Methods

In this retrospective study, data from 958 patients who underwent LT between January 2015 and January 2020 were extracted from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Six ML algorithms were used to predict post-LT PND, and model performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-scores. The best-performing model was additionally validated using a temporal external dataset including 309 LT cases from February 2020 to August 2022, and an independent external dataset extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care Ⅳ (MIMIC-Ⅳ) database including 325 patients.

Results

In the development cohort, 201 out of 751 (33.5%) patients were diagnosed with PND. The logistic regression model achieved the highest AUC (0.799) in the internal validation set, with comparable AUC in the temporal external (0.826) and MIMIC-Ⅳ validation sets (0.72). The top 3 features contributing to post-LT PND diagnosis were the preoperative overt hepatic encephalopathy, platelet level, and postoperative sequential organ failure assessment score, as revealed by the Shapley additive explanations method.

Conclusions

A real-time logistic regression model-based online predictor of post-LT PND was developed, providing a highly interoperable tool for use across medical institutions to support early risk stratification and decision making for the LT recipients.
From Theory to Practice: Viewpoint on Economic Indicators for Trust in Digital Health
Authors: Gille Felix , Maaß Laura , Ho Benjamin , Srivastava Divya
Published: January 2025

User trust is pivotal for the adoption of digital health systems interventions (DHI). In response, numerous trust-building guidelines have recently emerged targeting DHIs such as artificial intelligence. The common aim of these guidelines aimed at private sector actors and government policy makers is to build trustworthy DHI. While these guidelines provide some indication of what trustworthiness is, the guidelines typically only define trust and trustworthiness in broad terms, they rarely offer guidance about economic considerations that would allow implementers to measure and balance trade-offs between costs and benefits. These considerations are important when deciding how best to allocate scarce resources (eg, financial capital, workforce, or time). The missing focus on economics undermines the potential usefulness of such guidelines. We propose the development of actionable trust-performance-indicators (including but not limited to surveys) to gather evidence on the cost-effectiveness of trust-building principles as a crucial step for successful implementation. Furthermore, we offer guidance on navigating the conceptual complexity surrounding trust and on how to sharpen the trust discourse. Successful implementation of economic considerations is critical to successfully build user trust in DHI.
Pervasive Games for Sexual Health Promotion: Scoping Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Rubio Claudio , Besoain Felipe
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Serious games play a fundamental role in promoting safe sexual behaviors. This medium has great potential for promoting healthy behaviors that prevent potential risk factors, such as sexually transmitted infections, and promote adherence to sexual health treatments, such as antiretroviral therapy. The ubiquity of mobile devices enhances access to such tools, increasing the effectiveness of video games as agents of change.

OBJECTIVE

In this scoping review, we aimed to (1) identify the extent to which pervasive games have been used in the field of sexual health, (2) determine the theories used in the design and evaluation of pervasive games for sexual health, (3) identify the methods used to evaluate pervasive games for sexual health, and (4) explore the reported benefits of using pervasive games for sexual health.

METHODS

Following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) methodology, we conducted a comprehensive literature search in the Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and ACM databases for articles published between January 1, 2000, and August 4, 2024. Included articles were published in English between 2000 and 2024 and involved the design, implementation, or evaluation of a ubiquitous video game focused on promoting safe sexual behaviors, with qualitative and/or quantitative results based on theory-based techniques and ubiquitous technologies. Review articles, conference papers, or books without available data or quantitative or qualitative results were excluded.

RESULTS

We screened 521 of 612 articles (85.1%) after removing duplicates. After the title and abstract review, 51 (9.8%) articles were assessed for eligibility, and 30 (5.8%) articles meeting the criteria were studied and evaluated in depth. The results suggested that the use of pervasive video games has a positive impact on promoting safe sexual behaviors. This is enhanced by the effectiveness of theory-based techniques and the use of mobile technologies as developmental factors that drive the gaming experience. The results indicated that this domain is a growing field that should not be ignored.

CONCLUSIONS

The literature showed that pervasive video games have been effective in promoting safe sexual behaviors. Substantial growth has been seen in scientific community interest in researching this domain; nevertheless, there is still much to work on. In this context, we advocate for the standardization of design, implementation, and experimentation as essential phases in creating video game experiences. These 3 fundamental aspects are critical in the development of video game–based studies to ensure the reproducibility of experiments.
Teaching in the Digital Age—Developing a Support Program for Nursing Education Providers: Design-Based Research (Preprint)
Authors: Walzer Stefan , Barthel Carolin , Pazouki Ronja , Marx Helga , Ziegler Sven , Koenig Peter , Kugler Christiane , Jobst Stefan
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Health care systems and the nursing profession worldwide are being transformed by technology and digitalization. Nurses acquire digital competence through their own experience in daily practice, but also from education and training; nursing education providers thus play an important role. While nursing education providers have some level of digital competence, there is a need for ongoing training and support for them to develop more advanced skills and effectively integrate technology into their teaching.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop a needs-based support program for nursing education providers to foster digital competencies and to test this intervention.

METHODS

We used a design-based research approach, incorporating iterative development with expert consultation to create and evaluate a support program for nursing education providers. Focus groups were conducted online to assess needs, and thematic content analysis was used to derive key insights. The support program was then refined through expert feedback and subjected to a feasibility and satisfaction test, with participant evaluations analyzed descriptively.

RESULTS

Six main categories emerged from the focus groups, highlighting key areas, including the use of digital technology, ongoing support needs, and the current state of digitalization in nursing education. The support program was developed based on these findings, with expert validation leading to adjustments in timing, content prioritization, and platform integration. Preliminary testing showed good overall satisfaction with the support program, although participants suggested improvements in content relevance and digital platform usability.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the feasibility test showed high satisfaction with the support program, low participation rates and limited perceived knowledge gain were major concerns. The results suggest that while the program was well received, further refinements, including a focus on competency-based approaches and addressing workplace barriers, are needed to increase participation and effectiveness of such interventions. The findings of this research can be used as a basis for the development of similar programs in other educational and health care contexts.
Needs and expectations for the myNewWayTM blended digital and face-to-face psychotherapy model of care for depression and anxiety (Part 1): People with lived and living experience co-design study. (Preprint)
Authors: Kikas Katarina , O'Moore Kathleen , Miller Rosemaree Kathleen , Matheson Julie-Anne Therese , Li Sophie , Varghese Kathleen , Baldwin Peter , Cockayne Nicole , Whitton Alexis Estelle , Newby Jill Maree
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) are effective in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Low user engagement and uptake of DMHIs observed in previous research may be addressed by involving the intended target audience in the design of the DMHI from the outset.

OBJECTIVE

The present study is phase 1 of a multi-phase project to design, develop, and evaluate a blended DMHI for depression and anxiety in Australia. Our objective was to partner with adults with lived and living experiences of depression and anxiety on their needs and expectations of a new transdiagnostic DMHI for depression and anxiety. This included identifying strategies that would help increase their engagement with the DMHI and their preferences for integrating the DMHI with psychotherapy.

METHODS

A mixed-method co-design approach was used to collect quantitative and qualitative data via an online survey and semi-structured interviews. Feedback on participants’ needs and expectations for the DMHI, including accessibility, content, features, functionality, format, data sharing, preferred clinical support pathways, and barriers and facilitators of user engagement, was collected. Qualitative interview data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

RESULTS

Most participants preferred a DMHI that was a mobile app (190/257; 74%) that could be used at any time of the day. Ease of use and a well-designed interface was important, as was a positive, encouraging and uplifting DMHI look and feel. Other preferences included symptom tracking, diverse therapeutic content and features that facilitate social connection and peer support (e.g., online community, stories of lived and living experience). Participants also suggested several strategies to enhance engagement with the DMHI, including personalization, reminders, short and achievable activities and goal setting. Participants reported strong interest in sharing information from their DMHI with mental health professionals (to facilitate therapy), especially changes to their emotions.

CONCLUSIONS

Transdiagnostic DMHIs for depression and anxiety have great potential to improve access to affordable, evidence-based mental health support. Involving people with lived and living experiences of depression and anxiety in the design, development and conceptualization of DMHIs may improve uptake, acceptance, engagement, usability, and ultimately, treatment outcomes.
“Shaping ChatGPT into my Digital Therapist”: A Thematic Analysis of Social Media Discourse on AI Mental Health Self-Help (Preprint)
Authors: Luo Xiaochen , Ghosh Smita , Tilley Jacqueline L. , Besada Patrica , Wang Jinqiu , Xiang Yangyang
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly popular for the general public to use for mental health needs despite the lack of regulation oversight.

OBJECTIVE

Our study sought to understand perspectives of individuals who engaged with a generative AI, ChatGPT, for therapeutic purposes using a digital ethnographic approach.

METHODS

We systematically extracted and analyzed all posts on the social media platform Reddit that contained the words “ChatGPT” and “therapy” using thematic analysis to understand why, how, and for what purposes individuals have used ChatGPT as a form of mental health self-help.

RESULTS

Our findings showed that users utilized ChatGPT to manage mental health problems, seek self-discovery, obtain companionship, and gain mental health literacy. Individuals engaged ChatGPT creatively for therapeutic purposes through many ways such as conducting therapist role-play, coaching and manipulating, re-enacting troubling events, externalizing thoughts, and using it to facilitate real-life therapy. Users are drawn to perceived emotional connection and expertise that are similar in human therapists, and also perceived unique advantages of ChatGPT in accessibility, perceived cognitive capacity, personalization, and lack of negative reactions in responses over human beings. Concerns regarding privacy and emotional depth and realness were raised but minimally.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings highlighted the paradoxical nature of AI mental health support in providing the sense of being “seen and heard” and yet lacking complex emotions or natural ruptures. The results also emphasized the key role of users’ agency in directing therapeutic experiences and highlighted concerns regarding limited awareness of ethical risks.
Viviendo en condominio: las macroalgas y la epibiosis en los ambientes marinos
Authors: Quiroz-González Nataly , Aguilar-Estrada Luis Gabriel
Published: January 2025

La epibiosis es una interacción ecológica importante en los ambientes marinos, se presenta entre distintos grupos de organismos donde destacan las macroalgas, las cuales se han encontrado siendo sustratos, o colonizando a otros seres vivos ya sea heterótrofos o autótrofos. En el presente trabajo se abordan las características principales de la epibiosis, así como sus beneficios y perjuicios, todo esto desde el enfoque de los ambientes marinos y de las macroalgas, además se presentan ejemplos de estos organismos como epífitos, epizoicos y basibiontes. Finalmente, se enfatiza el valor de las comunidades macroalgales epibiontes para el conocimiento de la biodiversidad, el incremento de inventarios florísticos, así como la propuesta de nuevas especies particularmente en México.
El gran desafío de publicar especies nuevas en ficología
Authors: F. Pedroche Francisco , Guiry Michael D.
Published: January 2025

El reconocimiento de nuevas entidades biológicas y la capacidad de darles un nombre es una tarea intrínseca del taxónomo y contribuye a la construcción de un inventario realista del número de taxones en una flora o región. México y América Latina cuentan con enormes recursos algales, tanto marinos como de agua dulce, y muchos taxones aún están por descubrirse, mientras que otros no han sido publicados por indecisión o falta de herramientas para describirlos. Aquí proporcionamos una guía básica de los requisitos del Código Internacional de Nomenclatura para algas, hongos y plantas para la publicación válida y legítima del nombre de una especie nueva o de rangos infraespecíficos. Esto puede ayudar a los ficólogos de la región a tomar una decisión sobre la publicación de sus nombres nuevos, compartiendo así su experiencia para contar con una idea más precisa de la diversidad actual de algas, en una de las regiones con mayor diversidad ecológica del mundo.
An Alternative and Complementary Approach to Stress Caused by Sleep Deprivation: A Review
Authors: Patel Anchal
Published: January 2025

Lack of sleep is a prevalent issue in contemporary society, often leading to considerable stress that negatively affects
physical, emotional, and cognitive health. Traditional treatments, like drug therapies, are effective but often come with side
effects, risks of dependency, and limited long-term benefits. Consequently, alternative and complementary methods are becoming
more popular as viable, holistic solutions for alleviating stress resulting from sleep deprivation. These techniques encompass
mindfulness-based practices, herbal remedies, dietary changes, physical exercise, and mind-body therapies. This paper examines
the evidence backing these alternative methods and their mechanisms in reducing stress while improving sleep quality and
overall wellness. Moreover, cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) addresses the cognitive misconceptions tied to
sleep deprivation, reducing stress while encouraging healthier sleep patterns. Complementary technologies, including
biofeedback and wearable sleep monitors, further assist in managing stress by supplying real-time information to enhance
interventions.
Do School Bullying and Student-Teacher Relationships Matter for Well-being and Academic Achievement?
Authors: Reed Claire N. , Liu Yan , Maltais Natasha
Published: January 2025

Study purpose. This study examines how exposure to bullying is related to students' subjective well-being and academic achievement performance and investigates whether teacher support can moderate these relationships.
Methods. We analyzed the United States sample data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2018 database. Multilevel linear models were constructed with well-being and academic achievement scores as the outcome variables, predictor variables including exposure to bullying, teacher support, school type, and the interaction term between teacher support and exposure to bullying.
Results. Teacher support did not significantly buffer the effects of bullying on academic performance or student subjective well-being. Moderately frequent bullying adversely affected adolescent well-being and positively affected academic achievement. Frequent bullying had a non-significant effect on self-efficacy and academic achievement.
Conclusions. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to address bullying and promote teacher support in educational settings while acknowledging the nuanced role of control variables in shaping adolescent well-being.
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG ONCOLOGY PATIENTS
Authors: Almohya Gameel Ahmed Mohammed , El-Zine Monya Abdullah Yahya , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab , Al-Madhaji Anowar Gasem , Assayaghi Rowa  Mohammed
Published: January 2025

Background and aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening for patients with newly diagnosed solid cancer is not standard practice in oncology, and authorities disagree on whether complete screening should be carried out. Additionally, research on the risk factors for HBV infection in this patient population may differ from that in the general population. Therefore, estimating the prevalence of HBV and risk factors for HBV infection in individuals with recently diagnosed solid cancer was the study's goal.
Subjects and methods: Newly diagnosed cancer patients at the oncology center of Al-Jumhori Hospital in Sana'a, are included in this cross-sectional study. A regular questionnaire created specifically for this study was used to gather data, which included demographic information, risk factors, cancer type, and test findings. Using an ELISA assays for HB surface antigen and HB Core IgG anti-antibodies were conducted.
Results: The study analyzed 300 cancer patients with HBV testing, with a mean age of 42.9 years and a sex distribution of 37.6% men and 62.4% women. The crude HBV prevalence was 5%, with females having a higher prevalence. The study found no significant association between age, rural residency, married status, blood transfusion frequency, or blood sources with HBV risk. No association was found between under treatment chemotherapy and HBV infection.
Conclusions: This study examines the frequency of HBV infections in patients with solid tumors for the first time in Yemen. Our study found that the nationwide prevalence of HBV was higher in cancer patients than in the broad population.
                  
Peer Review History:
Received 15 October 2024;   Reviewed 7 November; Accepted 21 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor:  Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10
RELIABILITY OF MODERN RADIOGRAPHIC DENTAL AGE ESTIMATION METHODS AMONG YEMENI CHILDREN IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN
Authors: Abdul-Majid Arij Lutf Abdulrhman , Aleryani Husam Abdullah Anas , Aldeen Yusra Ahmed Ali Sharf , Al-Shamahy Hassan Abdulwahab
Published: January 2025

Background and aim: Without requiring any more radiographic research, dental age assessment using panoramic X-rays is particularly helpful to children dentists and orthodontists when arranging treatments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the precision of three contemporary radiography techniques for estimating Yemeni children's dental ages.
Methods: The methods are Demirjian’s method, Cameriere’s open apex method and Al-Qahtani’s London Atlas, in Sana'a City, Yemeni sample. The 1200 radiographs of Yemeni Children (592 girls and 608 boys) aged under the age 18 years were analyzed by the three methods. The accuracy of each method was assessed using the mean difference and t-tests were used to assess the difference between chronological age and dental age within each age category.
Results:  Demirjian's method significantly underestimated age for both sexes (p< 0.001), according to the results, with a mean difference of 0.67 years (a mean difference of 0.69 years for boys and 0.66 years for girls). With a mean difference of 0.93 years (a mean difference of 0.92 years for girls and 0.94 years for boys), the Cameriere's open apex method also significantly underestimated age for both sexes (p<0.001). In contrast, only the 6–6.99 and 7–7.99 age groups showed no significant differences between chronological age and dental age in either method or gender.
Conclusion:  When it came to determining dental age, the London Atlas approach was the most accurate, followed by Demirjian's method, and the Cameriere's method was the least accurate. Furthermore, all three techniques were determined to be trustworthy and could be helpful in determining the age of Yemeni children whose chronological ages are unknown. For every age group, more research with a larger sample is needed.
                  
Peer Review History:
Received 21 October 2024;   Reviewed 13 November; Accepted 18 December; Available online 15 January 2025
Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahawipharm@yahoo.com
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10