bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Association Studies of Metabolites in Patients with CKD Identify Multiple Loci and Illuminate Tubular Transport Mechanisms
Authors: Li Yong , Sekula Peggy , Wuttke Matthias , Wahrheit Judith , Hausknecht Birgit , Schultheiss Ulla T. , Gronwald Wolfram , Schlosser Pascal , Tucci Sara , Ekici Arif B. , Spiekerkoetter Ute , Kronenberg Florian , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Oefner Peter J. , Köttgen Anna ,   the GCKD Investigators
Published: March 2018

Background The kidneys have a central role in the generation, turnover, transport, and excretion of metabolites, and these functions can be altered in CKD. Genetic studies of metabolite concentrations can identify proteins performing these functions.

Methods We conducted genome-wide association studies and aggregate rare variant tests of the concentrations of 139 serum metabolites and 41 urine metabolites, as well as their pairwise ratios and fractional excretions in up to 1168 patients with CKD.

Results After correction for multiple testing, genome-wide significant associations were detected for 25 serum metabolites, two urine metabolites, and 259 serum and 14 urinary metabolite ratios. These included associations already known from population-based studies. Additional findings included an association for the uremic toxin putrescine and variants upstream of an enzyme catalyzing the oxidative deamination of polyamines (AOC1, P-min=2.4×10−12), a relatively high carrier frequency (2%) for rare deleterious missense variants in ACADM that are collectively associated with serum ratios of medium-chain acylcarnitines (P-burden=6.6×10−16), and associations of a common variant in SLC7A9 with several ratios of lysine to neutral amino acids in urine, including the lysine/glutamine ratio (P=2.2×10−23). The associations of this SLC7A9 variant with ratios of lysine to specific neutral amino acids were much stronger than the association with lysine concentration alone. This finding is consistent with SLC7A9 functioning as an exchanger of urinary cationic amino acids against specific intracellular neutral amino acids at the apical membrane of proximal tubular cells.

Conclusions Metabolomic indices of specific kidney functions in genetic studies may provide insight into human renal physiology.
Seasonality of Precipitation in TURKEY: Present and Future Assessments
Authors: EZBER Yasemin
Published: March 2018

In this study, the non-parametric
circular statistical method is used to analyze seasonality of precipitation
over Turkey for past (1956-1975) and present (1986-2005) periods using both
station data and gridded observation data (CRU-3.24). This method is also
applied to the CORDEX Europe domain for three different periods which cover
early century (2016-2035), mid-century (2046-2065) and end-century (2081-2099)
to investigate the potential future changes in the seasonality under a pessimistic
climate scenario, CMIP5-RCP 8.5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5-Representative
Concentration Pathways 8.5).

Seasonality Index (SI) over
Turkey decreases from south (~0.6) to north (~0.1) for past and present periods.
For the future periods, SI tends to increase in the south, especially in the south-eastern
Anatolian region, while it tends to decrease over the Black Sea and central
Anatolian regions. Beside SI, another outcome from the circular statistics is the
average occurrence time of precipitation during a year. Winter months
(December-January-February) are common occurrence time of precipitation in
general for past and present periods. Precipitation occurrence time for the future
periods does not change much in the future periods for most of the regions except
for the central Black Sea and southeastern Anatolia where it shifts to October
and November, respectively.
Comparison of Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Diversity of Turkey and Neighboring Countries with Respect to Species Numbers and Endemicity
Authors: EKİZ Ali Nafiz
Published: March 2018

According to number of leaf beetle species and
subspecies, Turkey is the most diverse country by far among its neighbors with
916 reported taxa. The species numbers of neighboring countries are as follows:
Bulgaria 603, Ukraine 582, Greece 507, Romania 495, Iran 479, Russia (only the
southern European part included) 441, Azerbaijan 373, Armenia 294, Georgia 273,
Syria 254, Cyprus (whole island) 136, Iraq 120 and Moldova 103. As to number of
endemic taxa, Iran and Turkey keep ahead with 103 and 88 endemics respectively.
The closest country is Greece with 32 endemics and Moldova contains no endemic
taxa. However, when we calculate the rate of endemism, Iran is unmatched with
an endemism ratio of 21.50%, followed by Iraq and Turkey having 10.00% and
9.61% endemism ratios respectively. When we consider all countries (except
Russia, because it is partly included in the current study), there is an
insignificant weak correlation between the number of species and the surface
area of selected countries. Normally, under similar biogeographic conditions, a
larger area should include more species, but all countries here are nor similar
in terms of biogeography. In fact, the known species numbers of a region are
also greatly affected by the quantity and quality of relevant research
conducted in that area. Here, the case of Iran (and perhaps some other
countries) is most likely associated with the low number of research on leaf
beetles. When we exclude Iran, there is a moderate positive correlation between
the species numbers and surface area.
Síndrome de activación macrofágica como complicación de una artritis idiopática juvenil de tipo sistémico: Reporte de un caso
Authors: Ru Ornella , Gall Carlos , Gonz Tatiana
Published: March 2018

Introducción: El síndrome de activación macrofágica (SAM), puede aparecer como complicación en pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas, se ha asociado con mayor frecuencia a la forma sistémica de la artritis idiopática juvenil y al lupus eritematoso sistémico.Caso Clínico: Se presenta el caso de un paciente en edad escolar, quien debuto con SAM comocomplicación de una artritis idiopática juvenil sistémica (AIJs),refractario a los tratamientos convencionales y con adecuada respuesta a terapia biológica.Discusión: el SAM se trata de un trastorno autoinflamatorio potencialmente mortal, caracterizado por la activación del inflamosoma intracelular con proliferación de linfocitos T y del sistema fagocítico mononuclear e hiperproducción de prostaglandinas inflamatorias como IL 1, IL 6 e IL 18; su diagnóstico está basado en una combinación de signos clínicos y anomalías bioquímicas e histológicas.
Medicina del Estilo de Vida: trabajando juntos para revertir la epidemia de las enfermedades crónicas en Latinoamérica
Authors: De La Cruz Vargas Jhony A. , Dos Santos Fabio , Dyzinger Wayne , Herzog Stephan
Published: March 2018

La “Medicina del Estilo de Vida” está revolucionando los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. Este nuevo campo de la Medicina apunta a reducir los costos en salud, prevenir las enfermedades, optimizar las respuestas terapéuticas y dar como resultado mejor calidad de vida para las personas. Esta nueva disciplina medica incluye todo lo relacionado al estilo de vida y el ambiente, como por ejemplo una dieta saludable basada en vegetales, ejercicio, manejo del estrés, cesación de tabaco y alcohol, descanso adecuado, relaciones sociales saludables, salud emocional y espiritual entre otros, con el objetivo de prevenir y tratar las enfermedades crónicas prevalentes.
Vascular Plants and Vegetation of the Sayula sub-basin, Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Macías-Rodríguez Miguel Ángel , Frías-Ureña Héctor Gerardo , Contreras-Rodríguez Sergio Honorio , Frías-Castro Alfredo
Published: March 2018

Background: The Sayula sub-basin presents a complex landscape composed of plants communities that to date have not been studied in a timely manner, so this study contributes to the knowledge of the flora and vegetation of the area and the State.Question: i) How many and which families, genera and species are in the Sayula sub-basin? ii) What are the main biological forms of the species? iii) Are there species under any category of protection? iv) How many vegetation types are present within the region? Studied species: Ferns, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. Study site and years of study: The Sayula sub-basin, Jalisco, Mexico; from February 2012 to October 2015. Methods: Through the literature review and field work the floristic checklist was elaborated. In addition, with the use of geographic information systems, a map of land use and vegetation was made. Results: A total of 687 species were recorded, including 415 genera and 113 families. The five main families were Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae Solanaceae and Euphorbiaceae representing 42.6 % of the total species and 36.6 % of the genera. It should be noted that the predominant biological forms were herbs with 409, 105 shrubs and 74 trees. On the other hand, 47 species registered under some protection category of which, only one species Cleomella jaliscensis is endemic to the region. Finally, eight vegetation types were determined, being the tropical deciduous forest the one that occupies greater surface and presents greater floristic diversity. Conclusions: It is important to emphasize that during the realization of the work, agricultural activities were detected affecting the flora and vegetation, threatening the biodiversity and the natural balance of the region.
Mexican priority bamboo species under scenarios of climate change
Authors: Ruiz-Sanchez Eduardo , Mendoza-Gonzalez Gabriela , Rojas-Soto Octavio
Published: March 2018

Background: Worldwide only 45 bamboo species are considered economically important. Guadua inermis and Otatea acuminata are two bamboo species that are economically important in different areas of Mexico.Question: How climate change is affecting the distribution of these species and where are the priority areas that should be considered for conservation refuges.Studied species/ Data description: We consider Guadua inermis and Otatea acuminata, both endemic to Mexico, as potentially economic priority species. Both are used in rural communities for different purposes. Both inhabit tropical sub-deciduous, deciduous and dry oak forests, and are extracted exclusively from wild populations.Study site and years of study: Mexico and Central America. Data considered have different temporality depending on the source of collections and databases; localities were recorded until 2015.Methods: The potential geographic distributions of Guadua inermis and Otatea acuminata were modeled to investigate the possible effects of climate change under different scenarios and to identify their potential future distributions and potential plantation management.Results: Our results showed a likely reduction of the current potential distributions when both species are projected into future scenarios of climate change. G. inermis will lose between 9.5 and 42.3 % of its current distribution under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 respectively. Meanwhile, O. acuminata would lose between 14.2 and 22.3 % of its current distribution under the same climate scenarios.Conclusions: Fortunately, even with the potential loss of geographic distribution, both species are likely to remain in some suitable areas where the species will grow and could be used with appropriate management.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a coastal wetland in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Fabián Diana , Guadarrama Patricia , Hernadez-Cuevas Laura , Ramos-Zapata José Alberto
Published: March 2018

Background: The wetlands provide important ecosystem services, but also represent a limiting environment for the organisms which are distributed there. However, these limiting factors can be overcome thanks to the biotic interactions established by the organisms.Study species: Acoelorraphe wrightii is a palm inhabiting coastal wetlands and is found to be associated with arbuscular mycorrhzal fungi. On occasions, this palm is found to dominate and forms plant associations known as “tasistal” which are located close to the mangrove.Question: The dynamic of the colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi of A. wrightii roots was evaluated, as well as the production of spores and the richness of AM fungal species in A. wrightii rhizosphere.Study site: During the dry season (February-May), adult individuals of A. wrightii were selected in a “tasistal” located in Yucatan, Mexico.Methods: Roots and rhizospheric soil were collected from the A. wrightii individuals collected in order to evaluate mycorrhizal colonization of the roots and to estimate the amount and identity of spores.Results: Colonization by AMF in A. wrightii roots was found between 24 and 67 %. Significant differences were found in percentage of colonization for the different months sampled. Number of spores showed no variation in the time, and 22 species of AMF were identified, the most represented being Glomeraceae.Conclusions: The colonization of A. wrightii roots by AM fungi throughout all the sampling months suggests that the interaction is important for the plant. A high richness of AMF species in its rhizosphere was found (most likely colonizing its roots) with the presence of some exclusive species at the beginning and end of the rainy season. It is important to investigate the arbuscular mycorrhizal interaction in other phenological seasons of the palm, and to evaluate the biotic and abiotic factors influencing this interaction.
Evolution, growth and phenology of Phalaris minor biotypes resistant to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in Mexico
Authors: Torres-García Jesús Rubén , Segura-León Obdulia , Uscanga-Mortera Ebandro , Trejo Carlos , Conde-Martínez Víctor , Kohashi-Shibata Josué , Martínez-Moreno David
Published: March 2018

Background: Herbicide application to control weeds can promote a rapid selection of resistant phenotypes in small geographic areas. Also, in areas with a spatial heterogeneous management, resistance may evolve independently, promoting local adaptation in weeds. In the Mexican region known as “El Bajio,” 100,000 ha are cultivated with wheat, and the weed  Phalaris minor , resistant to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides is present common.Question: We aim to identify the population structure of two genes in four different P. minor biotypes from “El Bajio” and to determine their association with phenology and plant growth differences (biomass and seed yield) that may contribute to survival in the agricultural environment.Studied species: Phalaris minor Retz . Study site and years of study:Methods: The diversity of the psbA gene and the sequence of two ACCase gene fragments as well as phenology, growth and biomass allocation were evaluated.Results: Results indicated different polymorphism levels for the two genes. There were no differences in the psbA gene between biotypes, although the ACCase gene exhibited high polymorphism level. In addition, each biotype showed differences in phenology, biomass accumulation and fecundity.Conclusions: The ACCase-inhibiting herbicide resistance in “El Bajio” region might be a resistance hotspot leading to the local adaptation of weeds.
Mobilization and synthesis of seed storage and LEA proteins during natural priming of Buddleja cordata and Opuntia tomentosa
Authors: Alvarado-López Sandra , Gómez-Maqueo Ximena , Soriano Diana , Orozco-Segovia Alma , Gamboa-de Buen Alicia
Published: March 2018

Background: In crop plants, the induction of seed storage protein mobilization and synthesis of LEA family proteins has been extensively described.Question: Natural priming promotes mobilization and synthesis of seed storage and LEA proteins in wild plants?Species studied: Buddleja cordata and Opuntia tomentosa. Study site: Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Angel (REPSA).Methods: Natural priming treatments were applied to B. cordata and O. tomentosa seeds during one and six months respectively. Phosphorylated proteins fractions were obtained by affinity chromatography from control and treated seeds. Differences in protein pattern between control and treated seeds were determined by electrophoresis and the treated seed proteins were identified by LS/LS/MALDITOF. Results: The phosphorylated fraction of B. cordata treated seeds presented two proteins that were absent in the control protein fraction. These two proteins were identified as two different 11S globulins.  The phosphorylated fraction of O. tomentosa treated seeds also presented two proteins that were absent in the control protein fraction. These two proteins were identified as a 12S globulin and a LEA protein.Conclusion: Seeds are subjected to changes in soil water content during their permanence in soil; this natural priming process promotes mobilization and synthesis of storage and LEA proteins that are involved in stress resistance.
Temporary freshwater wetlands floristics in central Mexico highlands
Authors: Lobato-de Magalhães Tatiana , Martínez Mahinda
Published: March 2018

Background: Mexico has a high diversity of aquatic and subaquatic plants that occur between 1,000 and 2,500 m of elevation, although a larger proportion of aquatic plants is concentrated at lower altitudes. Temporary wetlands harbor close to 73 % of the aquatic species in Mexico. These systems are under a strong anthropogenic pressure and suffer constant degradation.Questions: i) How many species grow in highland temporary wetlands? ii) Are they floristically similar? iii) Is there a latitudinal pattern of species richness?Studied groups: Charophyta, Pteridophyta, Angiosperms.Study site and years of study: Central Mexico (39 wetlands) from 2015 to 2016.Methods: We collected in 39 temporary wetlands for two years. We made a presence/absence list of species per locality, and calculated floristic similarities and correlations between wetlands. We include data characterizing life form, plant use, and conservation status.Results: We found 126 species belonging to 80 genera and 38 families. The richest families were Cyperaceae, Asteraceae, and Poaceae. As to genera, Eleocharis , Cyperus , and Juncus had more species. Species with the widest distributions were Persicaria mexicana , Marsilea mollis , Luziola fluitans , Heteranthera peduncularis , and Nymphoides fallax .  We found five different life forms – all herbaceous, including 27 threatened species, 24 species with economic use, 48 endemic species, and 19 cosmopolitan species. In addition, we found 20 species recorded for the first time in some states included in our study, and two species of Eleocharis that might represent undescribed species. The richest wetland harbors 40 species, the poorest has only five. Wetlands were comparable to each other in species composition, and species richness increases towards the south.Conclusions: Temporary wetlands harbor a high floristic diversity and are similar to each other. Lower latitudes host higher numbers of species.
Preparation PCRS11-Red Sea Medium v1
Authors: RCC Team The
Published: March 2018

The RCC Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CNRS/Université P. & M. Curie, Place G. Teissier, 29680 Roscoff, France
Öğretmen Adaylarının Protein Sentezine Yönelik Algıları: Öğrenme Güçlüğüne Karşı Önerilen Çözümler
Authors: Gül Şeyda , Özay Köse Esra
Published: March 2018

Protein sentezi öğrenci ve
öğretmenler arasında öğrenme güçlüğü çekilen konular arasındadır.  Bununla beraber bu konunun öğrenimi ve
öğretiminde karşılaşılan zorlukların nedeni ve doğasına yönelik detaylı bir
araştırmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmanın amacı biyoloji
öğretmen adaylarının protein sentezi konusunda karşılaştıkları öğrenme
güçlüklerinin nedenleri ve önerilen çözümleri öğretmen adaylarının bakış
açısıyla saptamaktır. Çalışmanın örneklemi Türkiye'de Atatürk Üniversitesi,
Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi, Biyoloji Eğitimi A.B.D.’ nda öğrenim gören 42
dördüncü sınıf öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Nitel araştırma yönteminin
kullanıldığı bu çalışmada öğretmen adaylarına iki açık uçlu soru sorulmuştur:
(1) Protein sentezini öğrenmenizde zorlanmanıza sebep olan faktörler
nelerdir?  (2) Bu zorlukların üstesinden
gelmek için neler tavsiye edersiniz?. Elde edilen bulgulara göre öğretmen
adaylarının öğrenmede güçlük çekmesine sebep olan faktörler arasında sınıf
ortamı, ders kitabı, öğretmen, öğrenci ve konu yer almaktadır. Bununla beraber
öğretmen adaylarının bu sorunları gidermede önerdikleri çözümler içerisinde de
sınıf ortamı, ders kitabı, öğretmen ve öğretim sürecine ilişkin değişkenlerden
kaynaklanan sorunların düzeltilmesi ile mümkün olabileceğini belirtmişlerdir.
An Integrated TOPSIS, GRA and VIKOR Based on Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Method to Improve Customer Satisfaction in Public Transportation
Authors: Deveci Muhammet
Published: March 2018

Recently,
multi-criteria decision making problems with interval type-2 fuzzy methods have
received increasing attention both from researchers and practitioners. In this study,
an interval type-2 fuzzy TOPSIS and GRA based VIKOR method is proposed for the
evaluation of the customer satisfaction in all the transportation modes in
Istanbul (metro, bus and bus rapid transit). Furthermore, the interval type-2
fuzzy TOPSIS method is also utilized to solve the problem. An online survey is
conducted to investigate factors affecting public transport users’ satisfaction
with the service. Data is collected from 323 public transport users in
Istanbul. As a result, an interval type-2 fuzzy multi-criteria decision making
method has been proposed for the evaluation of customer satisfaction in public
transportation. The performances of various multi-criteria decision making
methods are also compared with each other with a view to exploring the
effectiveness and flexibility of proposed method and interval type-2 fuzzy
TOPSIS method. The results show that the proposed method is reliable and
practical for evaluate problems and other MCDM problems.
Uma Investigação Epistemológica dos Paradigmas em Saúde Emocional
Authors: Chiaradia Ricardo
Published: March 2018

O presente artigo tem por objetivo identificar como determinados paradigmas se estabeleceram e originaram determinadas teorias psicológicas/filosóficas com repercussão na área da saúde emocional. Devido à complexidade do objetivo, aborda-se uma posição investigativa-crítica de que as ciências humanas se constituem através de práticas discursivas, o que automaticamente, envolve paradigmas de como a linguagem objetiva da ciência psicológica relaciona-se com a linguagem subjetiva do indivíduo. O método de revisão narrativa através da literatura científica busca englobar uma compreensão do reducionismo produzido pelo pensamento cartesiano ao longo dos séculos, e as diversas correntes de pensamentos: Psicanálise Freudiana, Psiquiatria Humanista, Fenomenologia, Testagem e Avaliação Psicológica. Após a discussão teórica sobre as dificuldades, facilitações e paradigmas qual cada teoria possui, através da familiaridade proporcionada com analogias de personagens de literatura fictícia, conclui-se necessário uma plataforma cultural-científica do profissional que envolva não apenas a compreensão abstrata da teoria, mas também, as possíveis representatividades fanáticas da profissão geradas pelo senso comum, o que envolve a finalidade daquela profissão.Palavras-chave: Epistemologia, Crítica, Psiquiatria Humanista
A Psicanálise e as Singularidades de um Caso de Constipação
Authors: Leitão Iagor Brum
Published: March 2018

Este artigo trata de um estudo de caso de um homem adulto que sofre da Síndrome do Intestino Irritável (SII) e que trouxe como sintoma principal a constipação. Entretanto, é necessário destacar que não se objetiva, aqui, discutir especificamente as questões referentes à SII, e sim apresentar as discussões das particularidades de um caso clínico, submetido à escuta psicanalítica, valorizando um dispositivo fundamental para a construção teórico e clínica da Psicanálise: o estudo de caso. O fato da mãe do paciente sofrer de Alzheimer e morar com ele é vivido com extrema ambivalência, e o seu mal-estar é constantemente associado à dificuldade em “suportar” algumas situações. Com base na literatura psicanalítica que discutem casos de constipação e nas questões que circundam o caso aqui em questão, discute-se a hipótese de uma relação entre constipação e ambivalência nas relações familiares, especialmente na relação com o Outro materno. Conclui-se que os sintomas de constipação do paciente expressam a condição em que se privilegia, na fantasia, uma mãe cujo pathos a coloca em uma posição de demanda tal qual na fase anal, em que há a demanda das fezes. Porque a demanda é sentida como excessiva, tem-se como resposta a recusa.
ESR1 and GPX1 genes expression level in human malignant and non-malignant breast tissues
Authors: Król Magdalena Beata , Galicki Michał , Grešner Peter , Wieczorek Edyta , Jabłońska Ewa , Reszka Edyta , Morawiec Zbigniew , Wąsowicz Wojciech , Gromadzińska Jolanta
Published: March 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to find out whether the mRNA expression of estrogen receptor alpha (encoded by ESR1) correlates with the expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (encoded by GPX1) in tumor and adjacent tumor-free breast tissue and whether this correlation is affected by breast cancer. Such relationships may give further insights into breast cancer pathology with respect to the status of estrogen receptor.
Methods: We used the quantitative real-time PCR technique to analyze differences in the expression levels of the ESR1 and GPX1 genes in paired malignant and non-malignant tissues from breast cancer patients.
Results: ESR1 and GPX1 expression levels were found to be significantly down-regulated by 14.7% and 7.4% (respectively) in the tumorous breast tissue compared to the non-malignant one. Down-regulation of these gene were independent of tumor histopathology classification and clinicopathological factors while ESR1 mRNA level was reduced with increasing tumor grade (G1: 103% vs. G2: 85.8% vs. G3: 84.5%; p<0.05). In the non-malignant and malignant breast tissues, the expression levels of ESR1 and GPX1 were significantly correlated with each other (Rs=0.450 and Rs=0.360; respectively).
Conclusion: These data suggest that down-regulation of ESR1 and GPX1 are independent on clinicopathological factors. Down-regulation of ESR1 gene expression enhanced with the development of the disease. Moreover, GPX1 and ESR1 genes expression are interdependent in the malignant breast tissue and further work is needed to determine the mechanism underlying this relationship.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: clinical symptoms and diagnostic methods
Authors: Podgórski Rafał , Aebisher David Aebisher , Stompor Monika , Podgórska Dominika , Mazur Artur
Published: March 2018

The aim of this paper is a straightforward presentation of the steroidogenesis process and the most common type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) 21-hydroxylase deficiency as well as the analytical diagnostic methods that are used to recognize this disease. CAH is a family of common autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired adrenal cortisol biosynthesis with associated androgen excess due to a deficiency of one or more enzymes in the steroidogenesis process within the adrenal cortex. The most common and prototypical example of this group of CAH disorders (90-95%) are caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Less frequent types of CAH are 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (up to 8% of cases), 17α-hydroxylase deficiency, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, P450 oxidoreductase deficiency and StAR deficiencies. In the 21-hydroxylase and 11β-hydroxylase deficiency only adrenal steroidogenesis is affected, whereas a defect in 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase or 17α-hydroxylase also involves gonadal steroid biosynthesis. Many countries have introduced newborn screening programs based on immunoassays measuring 17-hydroxyprogesterone from blood spots used for other neonatal screening tests which enable faster diagnosis and treatment of CAH. Currently, chromatographic techniques coupled with mass spectrometry are gaining in popularity due to an increase in the reliability of test results.
The use of doppler ultrasound in evaluation and follow-up of arteriovenous fistula patients
Authors: KAHRAMAN Nail , ÖZSİN Kadir Kaan
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
The aim of the present study was to search the effect of preoperative Doppler
ultrasonography (DUS) of the concerning limb on AVF patency for arteriovenous
fistula (AVF) to be performed on the patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods: One hundred and three patients were enrolled into the study. The exclusion
criteria were previous central catheter procedure, history of thrombophlebitis
on the upper limb and previous surgery on the upper limb. Among the remaining
patients, those who fulfilled the physical examination criteria were included.
The patients were divided into two groups as the control, DUS (-) group and the
study group, DUS (+). The patients in the control group were taken into the
procedure after a physical examination only. Brescio-Cimino method was
preferred for all patients. Function of the AVF was controlled on the procedure
day, at day 10, months 1, 3 and 6 as well as year 1 after the procedure. The
results in both groups were statistically evaluated. Results: Twenty patients in the DUS (+) group (50% male, mean age: 57.25 ± 13.34 years)
and 20 patients in the DUS (-) group (45% male, mean age: 56.10 ± 12.35) were
recorded in the study. Cumulative primary patency rates between DUS (+) group
and DUS(-) group for 12 months were 95% and 65%, respectively (log-rank, p = 0.022). Conclusion: We believe that the DUS performed
before AVF procedure would increase the primary patency rates of AVF created
between the most convenient vessels and reduce the procedure failure.
Proyecto educativo de centro. Una alternativa real
Authors: Torres Speranza Aida , Papa de la Rosa Guzmán
Published: March 2018

Los diagnósticos que se han realizado a nivel de nuestro sistema educativo señalan, como relevante, un centralismo administrativo y pedagógico junto con una estructura de financiamiento deficitaria. Estas evidencias que afectan, en mayor y menor medida, a muchos centros educativos en la actualidad (públicos o privados) provocan que los mismos no lleguen a constituirse en una identidad convocarte e integradora de su comunidad educativa.
EXAMINATION OF DIMENSIONALITY AND LATENT TRAIT SCORES ON MIXED-FORMAT TESTS
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey, Koğar Esin Yılmaz , Koğar Hakan ,   Faculty of Education, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
Published: March 2018

The aim of the present study is to examine various item types utilized to measure success in mathematics in terms of dimensionality and latent trait scores. The data collection instruments utilized in the present study were the student questionnaires and the mathematics achievement tests developed to measure 4th and 8th grade students’ mathematics success in TIMSS 2015. It is assumed in the current study that two different dimensions are formed: the combination of MC and CR items, forming the “math ability” and the CR items, forming the “CR ability”. To determine the dimensionality of latent trait of math ability, three different IRT models – unidimensional, within-item and between-items – were used. It was found that the within-item model displayed a better fit, when compared to the unidimensional model. Moreover, the within-item dimensional model showed better fit according to AIC and BIC as well. In the unidimensional and within-item models, the talent parameter predictions were similar. While the effect of the variables of sense of school belonging and students’ confidence in mathematics on the primary trait were significant, the home resources for learning variable also had a significant impact within 8th grade.
Evaluación del empleo del ajo (Allium sativum) y sábila (Aloe vera), en lesiones cutáneas provocadas por dermatofitos en cobayos(Cavia porcellus).
Authors: Melgar Janny , Shiva Carlos , Chauca Lilia
Published: March 2018

La dermatofitosis es un problema recurrente en la crianza de cuyes. La falta de diagnóstico y un tratamiento específico conlleva a que la enfermedad se propague en la población, siendo los más afectados los cuyes de recría. Este estudio se llevó a cabo en INIA (Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria), donde se tomaron muestras de 21 cuyes machos recría, con lesiones clínicamente compatibles a la infección micótica grado III y IV, los cuales se agruparon en tres grupos de tratamiento llamados grupo A (administrando Allium sativum), grupo B (aplicando Aloe vera) y grupo C (Control). Antes de iniciar el tratamiento natural, se analizaron pelos y escamas de la lesión con la finalidad de confirmar que el agente causal fue un dermatofito. Se determinó que la mayor frecuencia de presentación de dermatofitos es producida por Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Posteriormente, se aplicó el producto una vez iniciado el tratamiento y se evaluó a lo largo de seis semanas. Se concluye que ambos productos naturales fueron seguros debido a que no se encontró efectos secundarios y a su vez, mostraron ser eficaces en el tratamiento de dermatofitos, siendo el Allium sativum el que obtuvo mayor tasa de inhibición.
COMBINATION ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY FOR ONYCHOMYCOSIS
Authors: Khamidah Nur , Ervianti Evy
Published: March 2018

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit including the nail matrix, the nail bed and the nail plate by both dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte agents. It is disturbs not only cosmetic disfigurement, but also it may have an impact on patients’ emotional, social and occupational functioning, finally affecting the overall quality of life. The incidence rate tends to increase, management of onychomycosis is still challenging. Important problems regarding antifungal monotherapy have experienced many failures and recurrences. In general, pharmacological approaches for onychomycosis can be topical or oral antifungal. Antifungal monotherapies often lead to failure treatment, also high incidence of recurrence. One strategy for this problem is a combination antifungal therapy. In vitro studies show the synergistic effect of using combination two antifungals (both oral antifungal or combination topical and oral antifungal), hence it is mycologically or clinically expected to increase the success rate of onychomycosis therapy. This review tries to evaluate the previous study exploring the effectiveness of antifungal combination therapies on onychomycosis. Two oral antifungals usually used are terbinafine as fungicidal agent and itraconazole as fungistatic agent. There is combination between topical and oral antifungal such as itraconazole or terbinafine with amorolfine or ciclopirox, also other combination like griseofulvin and amorolfone or tioconazole. All the combination therapies show better result than monotherapy alone, but it is still difficult to conclude whether antifungal combinations in onychomycosis will increase effectiveness due to variations in therapeutic duration, result definition, and statistical evaluation on existing studies. Further research is required with longer duration of observation, uniform patient criteria and definition of success, random control and blinding to minimize bias.
A méltányos kereskedelem mozgalmának áttekintő bemutatása
Authors: Tóth Eszter
Published: March 2018

A méltányos kereskedelem áttekintő ismertetése után belátható, hogy a tudatos fogyasztónak egyre több eszköz áll rendelkezésére, ahhoz, hogy érvényre juttassa etikai meggyőződését. A kritikus hangok ellenére a fair trade termékek növekvő népszerűségnek örvendenek, ami tükrözi a 21. századi vásárlók felelősségvállalási hajlandóságát.A jövőben érdekes kutatási téma lehet a méltányos kereskedelem magyarországi trendjeinek vizsgálata, összehasonlítva a nemzetközi és Európán belüli tendenciákkal, különös tekintettel a fogyasztói szokásokra.
Reklámozás, szlogen és szuperhősök – A gyermekek meggyőzésének eszközei
Authors: Barta Bianka , Szűcs Róbert Sándor
Published: March 2018

A gyermek- és fiatalkorúak korcsoportja kiemelt jelentőséggel bíró szegmens a piaci szereplők számára, mivel nem csupán önálló vásárlóként, szüleik tanácsadóiként és befolyásolóiként vannak jelen a piacon, hanem ők jelentik a jövő vásárlóit is. Éppen ezért a legtöbb vállalat ezt a korosztályt helyezi tevékenységének középpontjába. Fiatal koruk miatt rendkívül hiszékenyek, befolyásolhatóak, mindemellett saját, kiforrott értékrenddel még nem rendelkeznek. Ezt kihasználva a vállalatok saját igényeik szerint formálhatják értékrendjüket, vásárlási- és fogyasztási szokásaikat. Kiváló segítséget nyújt a célok elérésében a technikai eszközök (televízió, okostelefon, táblagép, számítógép, stb.) intenzív használata, ebből következően a marketingingerekkel való találkozás növekvő gyakorisága.Napjaink felgyorsult technológiai fejlődése következtében a gyermekeket egyre inkább az új eszközök (például értéknövelt sales promotion ajándékok) segítségével lehet elérni. Az új eszközök mellett a klasszikusnak nevezhető televízió is kiemelt szerepet játszik az életükben. A televíziós reklámok több szempontból is alkalmasak a márkaépítésre, hiszen egyszerre több érzékszervre is hatást gyakorolnak. Így fordulhat elő, hogy az egy időben észlelt színek, szignálok és képek (mesefigurák) együttesen magasabb emocionális hatást, asszociációkat váltanak ki. Az emlékezeti arány magas a gyermekek esetében, különösen abban az esetben, ha az aktivitást egy-egy emblematikus figura, karakter segíti. A vállalatok ezt a tényt szem előtt tartva előszeretettel alkalmazzák a brand licensing módszerét, mely marketingaktivitás sikere vitathatatlan. A módszer a vállalatok számára relatíve alacsony költségvonzattal bír, másrészt bevetésével a gyermekek könnyebben tudnak azonosulni a márkával – magukénak érzik azt. A vállalatoknak azonban nem elég egy karaktert kitalálni, fontos a jó pozícionálás is, illetve az, hogy a választott figura könnyen be tudja fészkelni magát a potenciális fogyasztók (gyermekek) fejébe. Ennek következtében az érzelmi kötődés kialakulása kézenfekvő. A sikeresség eléréséhez pontosan ismerni szükséges a célcsoportra jellemző aktuális trendeket (kedvenc mesefigurák, szuperhősök, népszerű rajzfilmek, stb.). Mindemellett a szlogenekre kiterjedő vizsgálatunk kiválóan bizonyítja, hogy egy jól felépített marketingkommunikációs kampány eredményeképpen a vállalatok képesek a gyermekek fejében elhelyezni a termékeik szlogenét, magát a márkát, a márkához kapcsolódó mesefigurát és annak színvilágát is.
A 2009. évi pénzügyi és gazdasági válság hatása az élelmiszer-kiskereskedelemre a fogyasztói bizalom tükrében – javuló trendek, ébredező fogyasztói bizalom
Authors: Kristóf Erzsébet , Harangi-Rákos Mónika
Published: March 2018

Az élelmiszer-kiskereskedelem volumene 2014-ig mennyiségben aggasztó mértékben csökkent, míg értékben folyamatos növekedés volt tapasztalható. A felhasznált Gfk és Nielsen adatok alapján látható, hogy az élelmiszer-kereskedelemben tevékenységet folytató vállalatok forgalmában, üzletszám-alakulásában, illetve forgalmi részesedésük változásaiban is megnyilvánulnak a válság által kialakult új szokások.A növekvő Fogyasztói Bizalom Index és részindex adatok elemzése során kiderült, hogy mélypontként a 2009-es év tekinthető. A Match-Profi-Cora hálózat kivonulása 2012-ben ment végbe, egyértelműen a válság hatására hozott piaci lépésként. A 2013-as év FBI értékei alapot nyújtottak a 2014-es év pozitív változásaihoz. További kereskedelmi szereplő nem hagyta el a piacot 2008-2014 között. Forgalmát tekintve vezető helyen állt a TESCO, melyet a 2014. évi adatok alapján a CO-OP és a CBA követ a sorban. A 2015. évi komplex Fogyasztói Bizalom Index adatok kedvező irányt mutattak, habár az ACNielsen Piackutató Shopper Trends című felméréséből az derült ki, hogy a hazai vásárlók még mindig úgy érzik válságban van a gazdaság. A JANKUNÉ, STAUDER és GYÖRE (2012), valamint RAMPELL (2009) által prognosztizált trendek többsége reálisnak bizonyult, így például a kényelmi boltok szerepének növekedése vagy a hűségprogramok növekvő megjelenése. Nem várt trend az egészséges termékek fogyasztásával járó jó közérzet trendje, a magyar termékek vásárlásának trendje és a technológiai fejlődés nyújtotta trend.Az időközben megjelenő új feltételek, szabályozások ugyancsak akadályt gördítettek a kereskedelmi szereplők elé (is). Ezeknek meg kellett felelni, ugyanakkor kitörési alternatívát is keresni kellett. A vasárnapi kereskedés tilalma szolgál erre leginkább példaként. Nem volt kérdés, hogy a vásárlóknak időre lesz szükségük ahhoz, hogy elfogadják az új szabályozást, erre azonban hamar új magatartásformát hoztak létre. Élelmiszerköltéseiket korábbi időpontra hozták. Erre a trendre alakított ki akciós struktúrát a Lidl, Spar és a Reál is.A 2016-os év kilátásai bizakodásra adnak okot. Egyrészt az online kasszarendszer a kereskedelem „kifehérítését” segíti elő, másrészt a személyi jövedelemadó kulcsa 16%-ról 15%-ra mérséklődött, így a többletköltés realizálódhat az FMCG vásárlások során is.

JEL-kód: M30 General
A pálinka minősítése a XXI. században
Authors: Harcsa Imre Milán
Published: March 2018

A minősítés első lépcsőjének tekinthető a jogi szabályozás, amely különbséget tesz pálinka és párlat között. A pálinkakészítők és -fogyasztók számára elengedhetetlen az esetlegesen előforduló hibák ismerete. Elkészítettem a pálinkahibák aromakerekét, mely mind a bírálók, mind a bér- és magánfőzetők számára hasznos lehet a pálinkákban – az egyre javuló tendencia miatt kevésbé jellemző – kellemetlen komponensek eredetének meghatározásában.Az érzékszervi bírálati módszerek igen széleskörűek, valamint első megközelítésben igen egyszerűnek tűnnek, azonban nem biztos, hogy kellően informálják a fogyasztót. A magyar pálinkaminősítési gyakorlatban a 20 pontos, hibakereső szemléletű eljárás alkalmazása vált általánossá, mellyel szemben több kritika is megfogalmazható. Nem nemzetközi, csupán magyar szabványon alapul a bírálat. A magyar érzékszervi szabványok legnagyobb hátránya ugyanaz, mint a magyar nyelvé: jellemzően csak hazánkban értik és ismerik ezeket. Még egy hungarikumnak számító termék esetében is célszerű nemzetközileg ismert és alkalmazott módszertant használni, mivel így az érzékszervi minőség a ma már erősen nemzetközi környezetbe ágyazott élelmiszerkereskedelemben is jól kommunikálható. Megoldást jelenthetne a pozitív 100 pontos borbírálati rendszer adaptálása, mely a nemzetközi OIV 332A/2009 szabványon alapul.Az érzékszervi minőséget egyetlen pontszámba sűríteni hatalmas adatvesztést jelent. Ráadásul az egyes részpontszámok összeadódnak, s így egy gyengébben teljesítő tulajdonság veszteségét egy jobban teljesítő tulajdonság kiegyenlítheti. Ezért a korszerű minőségellenőrzési rendszerek, ha alkalmaznak is pontszámokat, akkor azt tulajdonságonként teszik. Igen jellemző a kétirányú skálák alkalmazása, melyen középen a célérték jelenti a 0 pontot, s akár túl intenzív, akár túl enyhe lesz a tulajdonság intenzitása, az látszani fog az eredményekből. Ez alapján a minőségirányításért felelős vezető pontosan látni fogja, hogy melyik tulajdonság milyen irányban tért el a célértéktől.Az érzékszervi minősítés nem tekinthető kizárólagosan objektívnek, csupán addig, amíg a „hibakeresés” folyik. Ezt követően azonban az egyéni ízlésvilág, szubjektív tényezők alapján rangsorolja a mintákat a bíráló.A pálinka összetevőire vonatkozóan számos határérték van érvényben, melyek teljesítésének vizsgálatában a műszeres analitika nyújt segítséget. Azonban nincs bevizsgálási kötelezettség a kereskedelmi forgalomba kerülő tételekre vonatkozóan sem. Javasolnám ennek bevezetését a minőség biztosítása érdekében.A fogyasztók jobb tájékoztatása érdekében elengedhetetlen a marketing eszközök alkalmazása. A pálinkavédjegy egyfajta minőségi kategóriát sugall, hiszen csak az a termék szerezheti meg, amely országos versenyen legalább ezüstérmes lenne. Szintén segítheti a fogyasztót a minőségi termék megtalálásában a Pálinkakiválóságok könyve.
JEL-kód: D12
Exploring Natural Models for the ‘Rolling Unmasking Effect’ of Downwind Odor Dispersion; Prairie Verbena, Prehensile-Tailed Porcupine and Virginia Pepperweed
Authors: Wright Donald W. , Koziel Jacek A. , Parker David B. , Iwasinski Anna , Hartman Thomas G. , Kolvig Paula
Published: March 2018

As natural scale-models for community environmental odor issues, these odorant prioritization results illustrate an important consideration: … ‘with respect to focusing an environmental odor issue, it is possible to look too closely at the source’… Although simple odor dilution, as measured by odor concentration and intensity, certainly occurs during downwind dispersive migration from the source, these authors propose that the term dynamic dilution is limiting with respect to environmental odor impact. The results presented herein suggest that the odor character from an environmental source can vary dramatically, depending upon the distance of the human receptors from that source. It is further suggested that the process of downwind environmental odorant prioritization can best be characterized as a rolling unmasking effect or RUE. The RUE is exhibited by the masking odors nearest the source sequentially ‘falling away’ with distance from the source, revealing a succession of increasingly simplified odor characteristic and composition. Because of scaling factors and meteorological unpredictability, the logistics involved in carrying-out odorant prioritization studies can be very challenging when targeting large-scale odor sources. However, for these authors’ illustrative purposes, these challenges were reduced significantly by selecting natural, ‘scale-model’ odor-sources which represented significant reductions in the primary scaling factors; especially, reductions in the size of the odor sources and the distance of their downwind reach. Driven by odorant prioritization and the RUE, extremes of odor simplification-upon-dilution were demonstrated for two Central Texas plant varieties, prairie verbena and virginia pepperweed. Their ‘odor frontal boundaries’ were shown to be dominated by single, character-defining odorants; prairie verbena presenting with a p-cresol dominated ‘barnyard’ odor and virginia pepperweed with a benzyl mercaptan dominated ‘burnt match’ odor. Similar odor simplification was also shown for the South American prehensile-tailed porcupine (i.e., pt porcupine); its downwind ‘odor frontal boundary’ dominated by two potent, character-defining odorants (i.e. as yet unidentified): (1) ‘onion’/‘body odor’ odorant #1 and (2) ‘onion’/‘grilled’ odorant #2. In contrast to their outer-boundary simplicities, each of these sources also presented, at the source, with odor compositions reflecting considerable complexity and corrresponding composite odor characters that were distinctly different from those reflected at their respective ‘odor frontal boundaries’.
Organic Phosphorus Can Make an Important Contribution to Phosphorus Loss from Riparian Buffers
Authors: Dodd Rosalind J. , Sharpley Andrew N. , Berry Lawrence G.
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas

Forested and vegetative buffers can retain P runoff from adjacent fields.

High concentrations of molybdate unreactive P were detected in soil water extracts.

With time, these buffer soils can be a source of soluble inorganic and organic P.

High microbial activity in buffer soils suggests biologically mediated P release.

Vegetative buffer strips (VBS) and managed or unmanaged riparian zones between the edge of field and receiving watercourse are widely adopted conservation practices aimed at reducing nonpoint nutrient pollution. However, their effectiveness at decreasing phosphorus (P) loss has been mixed. This study investigated the effectiveness of a VBS and a forested riparian zone (FRZ) in decreasing P loss from pasture soils receiving swine manure and aimed to determine the potential factors controlling P release, using water extractable P (WEP) as a proxy for P loss. The inorganic WEP concentrations were significantly greater in the fertilized pasture zone soils than the VBS or FRZ soils. However, there was no significant difference between the field and riparian soils for total WEP due to increased contribution from organic WEP in these soils. Degree of P saturation, which is a function of soil test P, was a good predictor of inorganic WEP, but not organic WEP, where the variation in concentrations was better explained by variables involved in biotic P release.