bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ І РОЗВИТОК ЦИФРОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ: ФАКТОРИ УСПІХУ
Authors: Седіков Денис
Published: February 2024

У статті проаналізовано ключові фактори, що впливають на ефективність процесу створення, функціонування та розвитку цифрових екосистем. Автор акцентує увагу на виникненні поняття «екосистема», прикладах його використання в науковій літературі та існуючих трактуваннях цього терміну. Визначено поняття бізнес-екосистеми. Розкрито роль інфраструктури у формуванні екосистеми та запропоновано форму організації управління інфраструктурою. Досліджено фактори виникнення і розвиток цифрових екосистем, розглянуто шляхи їх формування, надано характеристику складнощів створення цифрової екосистеми. У статті розглядаються мережеві цифрові взаємодії, які породжують нову конфігурацію бізнесу ‒ екосистему, яка відрізняється як від фірмових, так і від міжфірмових відносин попереднього типу. Виокремлено типи стратегій створення цифрових екосистем компаній. Проаналізовано переваги та обмеження бізнес-екосистеми, а також застосовність в умовах цифровізації економіки.
ЗНАЧЕННЯ ТЕРМІНУ «МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ» У ВІДНОШЕННІ ДО ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Іванюта Павло , Петренко Микола
Published: February 2024

В статті надане обґрунтування управлінського середовища, якими є організаційні структури кожного підприємства. Тут досліджено таке явище, як менеджмент на підприємстві, що пояснюється існуванням і функціонуванням у ньому структурних підрозділів, що є тими важливими складовими сферами, де відбуваються операційні процеси і досягаються результати від їх відтворення. Під час проведення цього дослідження зазначено таку особливість, що здебільшого менеджмент як складова управління досліджується практиками, ніж науковцями, тому що саме там застосовуються конкретне управління щодо об’єктів з метою виконання завдань і розпоряджень, які перевтілюються у досягнення за рахунок здійснених операцій. І на підставі цього обґрунтований сучасний підхід менеджменту, як найбільш поширеної форми управлінських дій шляхом їх урізноманітнення – за об’єктами, процесами, результатами.
No Poverty and No Hunger as Achievements in Implementing the SDGs Economic Pillar
Authors: Maulana Lucky Hikmat , Aminda Renea Shinta , Syaiful Syaiful , Pratama Erik , Kusumawati Riny
Published: February 2024

The realization of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the economic pillar is represented by the goal of development without poverty and without hunger, the achievement of which is expected to decrease further by 2030. Implementation of indicators in goal 1 and goal 2 of the Regency SDGs Bogor, which has been implemented according to the regional action plan during the 2020-2022 period, was observed for its achievements using descriptive explanation methods and qualitative analysis of achievement of indicator targets in Bogor Regency. The study results show that policy implementation in Bogor Regency looks very good, especially in reducing poverty rates, increasing health service rates, and reducing stunting and work programs. Apart from that, the activities of all Regional Apparatus Organizations in the Bogor Regency Government have led to the achievement of sustainable development goals, especially SDGs goal 1 and goal 2 as part of the economic pillar.
Comparison of Tuberculosis Knowledge Between Health and Non-Health Students
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Aulia Dinda R. , Putri Dwi A. , Fatima Fatima , Prahasti Hanum , Fauziah Nurul
Published: February 2024

Tuberculosis or tuberculosis is one of the chronic diseases that are dangerous to health. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria that attack the respiratory organs of the lungs. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of students related to the comparison of tuberculosis knowledge between health and non-health students. This research is a descriptive quantitative research using survey methods. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire via Google form which was then analyzed to be able to describe the results of the study. The results obtained from this study show that health students have a very good level of knowledge about tuberculosis knowledge, namely at University A (34.3%) and University B (14.7%) compared to non-health students at University C (17.6%) and University D (33.3%)
A Corpus-based Comparative Study of Translation Style of Five English Versions of Xiao Yaoyou
Authors: Tianqi Fan
Published: February 2024

This study utilizes a corpus-based approach to investigate the translation style of five English versions of Xiao Yaoyou, the first chapter of Zhuangzi, at three levels: lexical, syntactic, and philosophical and cultural lexis. By comparing and analyzing the corpus data, the paper examines different linguistic traits among five versions. It shows that versions translated by earlier translators tend to be more complex and more formal with a higher standardized TTR, a higher degree of mean word length and average sentence length. In contrast, recent translators have chosen rather simpler and concise vocabularies, which makes their version exhibit a higher degree of readability in rendering the original text. The analyses of philosophical and cultural terms shed light on the academic experience and cultural considerations that account for the similarities and differences between these versions.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЛІЦЕЇСТІВ ЗА СТАНДАРТАМИ КРАЇН-ЧЛЕНІВ НАТО
Authors: Приходько Оксана
Published: January 2024

У статті розглянуто питання щодо особливостей підготовки ліцеїстів, а саме основні пропозиції організації та втілення нових методів викладання у Київському військовому ліцеї імені Івана Богуна. Також вивчався досвід країн-членів НАТО щодо професійної підготовки майбутніх фахівців за кордоном. Виокремлено специфічні ознаки військової освіти в країнах-партнерах щодо трансформації системи військової освіти України на шляху до досягнення стандартів НАТО. Основною тенденцією навчання майбутніх фахівців у країнах-членах НАТО є професіоналізація військової освіти, одним із аспектів якої є підготовка військових кадрі. Особливість підготовки ліцеїстів полягає у формуванні інноваційного мислення, здобуття прогресивних знань, отримання професійних вмінь та застосування практичних навиків. Отже, військову освіту необхідно розглядати як систему підготовки військових фахівців, результативність якої визначається як чітко окресленою структурою.
DEMANDAS DO PROCESSO DE AVALIAÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO INTEGRAL DE BEBÊS NA PERSPECTIVA DE DOCENTES DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Pries Miriane Sinara , Zwierewicz Marlene , Oliveira Beatriz Alves de , Silva Elisamara Gaspar da , Santos João Derli de Souza , Dummel Inês Maria Gugel
Published: February 2024

A avaliação é um processo essencial para o acompanhamento do desenvolvimento infantil e para a tomada de decisões voltadas ao redimensionamento da prática pedagógica. Este artigo apresenta um recorte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida em um mestrado profissional, cujo objetivo é elaborar uma proposta de avaliação para o desenvolvimento integral de bebês. Neste recorte, expõem-se os dados obtidos na primeira etapa de um estudo de caso, mediante a aplicação de um questionário para levantar as demandas indicadas por docentes de um processo de avaliação de bebês em uma instituição municipal de ensino de Santa Catarina. Entre os resultados, foram detectados os critérios utilizados pelos docentes na avaliação, a convergência parcial entre os critérios indicados e os adotados, a utilização de uma documentação pedagógica recomendada para a Educação Infantil no país, a necessidade de rever o instrumento avaliativo e a predisposição dos docentes para contribuir com a melhoria da avaliação dos bebês.

Palavras-chaves: Educação Infantil. Avaliação. Bebês. Direitos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento. Campos de experiência.

 

ABSTRACT

Assessment is an essential process in accompanying child development and also in making decisions related to re-defining pedagogical practice. This article presents a cut-out of a research conducted on the professional master´s level, whose purpose is to devise a proposal to assess the full development of babies. Such cut-out has included data collected in the first stage of a case study in which a questionnaire was utilized in order to raise the demands indicated by teachers in baby assessment process in a local educational unit in the state of Santa Catarina. The results have shown the criteria employed by teachers in their assessment, the partial convergence between the criteria indicated and those actually adopted, the use of pedagogical documentation recommended for Child Education in Brazil, the need to review the assessing instrument, and the teachers´ willingness to contributing to improve the assessment of babies.

Keywords: Child education. Assessment. Babies. Rights to learning and development. Field of experience.
Analysis of The Mathematical Problem-Solving Ability on Two-Variable Linear Equation System Material In Grade VIII Students
Authors: Aulia Syafa , Subarinah Sri , Azmi Syahrul , Amrullah Amrullah
Published: January 2024

This study aims to describe the ability to solve mathematical problems on two-variable linear equation system material based on the locus of control in grade VIII students. This study used qualitative methods to obtain a sample of 72 students using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques use locus of control questionnaire instruments and problem-solving ability test questions. The results of this study showed that students with a strong external locus of control were only able to reach a step of understanding the problem. Meanwhile, students with a balanced internal and external locus of control can reach two steps namely, understanding the problems and devising a strategy. This happens because, students with a strong external locus of control, as well as students with a balanced internal and external locus of control, are less trying and less active in seeking information related to the problems at hand, and are easily influenced by others. Meanwhile, students with a strong internal locus of control can reach three steps namely, understanding the problems, devising a strategy, and carrying out the strategy. This happens because students have a strong internal locus of control easily satisfied with the results they get with the effort they make.
The Development Instructional Media Pop-Up Art Book with Internal Stand Mechanism Technique on Early Chilhood Recognizing Concept
Authors: Zinnurain Zinnurain , Suhardi Muhammad , Najwa Lu'luin
Published: January 2024

This research is research and development with the aim of developing instructional media Pop-Up Art Book with internal stand mechanism on early chilhood recognizing concept in Smart Eduplay Institute, Terong Tawah, Labuapi District, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. with 15 respondents. The approach on the research is instructional development with class and product oriented. The research method refers to the development of the J. Moonen and Rowntree prototype model. Learning evaluation is carried out in stages, such as a review by experts consisting of learning design experts, material experts, and learning media experts, and followed by face-to-face and large group trials. Formative evaluation was carried out to obtain learning outcomes from pretest and posttest. Reviews shown that the quality of learning media is in the “very good” category, on average 3,30. Trial result in “very good” category, on average 3,41. Trial product effectiveness shown pretest average is 52,76 and posttest average is 82,07. The average range is 29,3. Therefore, developing instructional media Pop-up Art Book with internal stand mechanism on early chilhood recognizing concept makes a positive contribution in achieving learning goals optimally
A Short Review of Recent Trends in Photovoltaics Research Using Van-der Waals Materials
Authors: Park Hyeong Gi , Lee Jae-Hyun , Heo Keun
Published: February 2024

In recent years, the exploration of van der Waals materials has taken center stage in the field of advanced materials research. Studies have delved deeply into the multifaceted characteristics of these materials, and in particular their potential applications in solar cell technology. Van der Waals materials, named after the unique forces binding their layers, are of high interest because of their unparalleled physical and chemical properties. Their two-dimensional (2D) nature offers a plethora of advantageous features, including a high surface-to-volume ratio, which is crucial to enhanced light absorption and electron transport. The tunable electronic properties of these materials also offer a versatile platform for customizing behavior to meet the specific requirements of solar cell applications. Their distinctive optical characteristics can also be enhanced to improve light absorption and reduce energy losses, thereby increasing overall solar cell efficiency. Recent research has not only investigated the inherent properties of van der Waals materials but also explored various techniques to combine and stack them. Such methodologies aim to exploit and optimize the synergistic effects of different materials, paving the way for next-generation solar cells with improved performance metrics. A comprehensive examination of the operating principles of these materials provides insights into their interaction with light and their subsequent electrical behavior. The study concludes with a forward-looking perspective, emphasizing how the integration of van der Waals materials could very well revolutionize the solar cell industry. Their potential to significantly boost the efficiency and stability of solar cells positions them as promising candidates for future sustainable energy solutions.
Mulheres artistas do surrealismo e contra-imaginário
Authors: Salvi Ana Carolina
Published: January 2024

O trabalho pretende analisar algumas obras de Leonora Carrington, Remedios Varo e Leonor Fini, artistas vinculadas ao pensamento e/ou movimento surrealista. Observa-se como a poética feminista desenvolvida por elas ao longo da carreira contribuiu para a formação de um “contra-imaginário” transformador, seguindo o termo utilizado por Tânia Navarro-Swain, por sua vez inspirada em Gaston Bachelard, capaz de reformular significados culturais e operar na dissolução de relações de poder desiguais no que concerne questões de gênero e sexualidades. Animadas pelas ideias de um movimento propositivo à ruptura com as normas, elas exploraram e buscaram reformular os significados do feminino na cultura ocidental pelo mergulho em si mesmas, em outras mitologias e naquilo esquecido ou recusado pela racionalidade dominante – alquimia, misticismo, bestiário.  Portanto, o texto visa debater, a partir das ideias e críticas feministas, a contribuição dessas obras para a formulação de um imaginário amigo das mulheres, isto é, filógino, como defende Margareth Rago.
Simple microfluidic devices for in situ detection of water contamination: a state-of-art review
Authors: AlMashrea Buthaina A. , Almehdi Ahmed M. , Damiati Samar
Published: February 2024

Water security is an important global issue that is pivotal in the pursuit of sustainable resources for future generations. It is a multifaceted concept that combines water availability with the quality of the water’s chemical, biological, and physical characteristics to ensure its suitability and safety. Water quality is a focal aspect of water security. Quality index data are determined and provided via laboratory testing using expensive instrumentation with high maintenance costs and expertise. Due to increased practices in this sector that can compromise water quality, innovative technologies such as microfluidics are necessary to accelerate the timeline of test procedures. Microfluidic technology demonstrates sophisticated functionality in various applications due to the chip’s miniaturization system that can control the movement of fluids in tiny amounts and be used for onsite testing when integrated with smart applications. This review aims to highlight the basics of microfluidic technology starting from the component system to the properties of the chip’s fabricated materials. The published research on developing microfluidic sensor devices for monitoring chemical and biological contaminants in water is summarized to understand the obstacles and challenges and explore future opportunities for advancement in water quality monitoring.
Plasmid-encoded toxin of Escherichia coli cleaves complement system proteins and inhibits complement-mediated lysis in vitro
Authors: Correa Gabriel B. , Freire Claudia A. , Dibo Miriam , Huerta-Cantillo Jazmin , Navarro-Garcia Fernando , Barbosa Angela S. , Elias Waldir P. , Moraes Claudia T. P.
Published: February 2024

Plasmid-encoded toxin (Pet) is an autotransporter protein of the serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) family, important in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli. The pet gene was initially found in the enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) virulence plasmid, pAA2. Although this virulence factor was initially described in EAEC, an intestinal E. coli pathotype, pet may also be present in other pathotypes, including extraintestinal pathogenic strains (ExPEC). The complement system is an important defense mechanism of the immune system that can be activated by invading pathogens. Proteases produced by pathogenic bacteria, such as SPATEs, have proteolytic activity and can cleave components of the complement system, promoting bacterial resistance to human serum. Considering these factors, the proteolytic activity of Pet and its role in evading the complement system were investigated. Proteolytic assays were performed by incubating purified components of the complement system with Pet and Pet S260I (a catalytic site mutant) proteins. Pet, but not Pet S260I, could cleave C3, C5 and C9 components, and also inhibited the natural formation of C9 polymers. Furthermore, a dose-dependent inhibition of ZnCl2-induced C9 polymerization in vitro was observed. E. coli DH5α survived incubation with human serum pre-treated with Pet. Therefore, Pet can potentially interfere with the alternative and the terminal pathways of the complement system. In addition, by cleaving C9, Pet may inhibit membrane attack complex (MAC) formation on the bacterial outer membrane. Thus, our data are suggestive of a role of Pet in resistance of E. coli to human serum.
The interplay between gingival crevicular fluid microbiome and metabolomic profile in intensively treated people with type 1 diabetes - a combined metagenomic/metabolomic approach cross-sectional study
Authors: Gregorczyk-Maga Iwona , Kania Michał , Dąbrowska Michalina , Samborowska Emilia , Żeber-Lubecka Natalia , Kulecka Maria , Klupa Tomasz
Published: February 2024

Aims

This study aimed to assess the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) microbiome and metabolome of adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, the GCF of adults with T1D treated with CSII and non-diabetic controls were sampled, and metagenomic/metabolomic analyses were performed.

Results

In total, 65 participants with T1D and 45 healthy controls with a mean age of 27.05 ± 5.95 years were investigated. There were 22 cases of mild gingivitis (G) in the T1D group. There were no differences considering the Shannon and Chao indices and β-diversity between people with T1D and G, with T1D without G, and healthy controls. Differential taxa were identified, which were mainly enriched in people with T1D and G. Acetic acid concentration was higher in people with T1D, regardless of the presence of G, than in healthy controls. Propionic acid was higher in people with T1D and G than in healthy controls. Isobutyric and isovaleric acid levels were higher in individuals with T1D and G than in the other two subgroups. The concentration of valeric acid was lower and that of caproic acid was higher in people with T1D (regardless of gingival status) than in healthy controls.

Conclusions

The identification of early changes in periodontal tissues by targeting the microbiome and metabolome could potentially enable effective prevention and initial treatment of periodontal disease in people with T1D.
Metformin increases 3-hydroxy medium chain fatty acids in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional pharmacometabolomic study
Authors: Naja Khaled , Anwardeen Najeha , Malki Ahmed M. , Elrayess Mohamed A.
Published: February 2024

Background

Metformin is a drug with a long history of providing benefits in diabetes management and beyond. The mechanisms of action of metformin are complex, and continue to be actively debated and investigated. The aim of this study is to identify metabolic signatures associated with metformin treatment, which may explain the pleiotropic mechanisms by which metformin works, and could lead to an improved treatment and expanded use.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study, in which clinical and metabolomic data for 146 patients with type 2 diabetes were retrieved from Qatar Biobank. Patients were categorized into: Metformin-treated, treatment naïve, and non-metformin treated. Orthogonal partial least square discriminate analysis and linear models were used to analyze differences in the level of metabolites between the metformin treated group with each of the other two groups.

Results

Patients on metformin therapy showed, among other metabolites, a significant increase in 3-hydroxyoctanoate and 3-hydroxydecanoate, which may have substantial effects on metabolism.

Conclusions

This is the first study to report an association between 3-hydroxy medium chain fatty acids with metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. This opens up new directions towards repurposing metformin by comprehensively understanding the role of these metabolites.
ErbB2/HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase regulates human papillomavirus promoter activity
Authors: Mikuličić Snježana , Shamun Merha , Massenberg Annika , Franke Anna-Lena , Freitag Kirsten , Döring Tatjana , Strunk Johannes , Tenzer Stefan , Lang Thorsten , Florin Luise
Published: February 2024

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a major cause of cancer. While surgical intervention remains effective for a majority of HPV-caused cancers, the urgent need for medical treatments targeting HPV-infected cells persists. The pivotal early genes E6 and E7, which are under the control of the viral genome’s long control region (LCR), play a crucial role in infection and HPV-induced oncogenesis, as well as immune evasion. In this study, proteomic analysis of endosomes uncovered the co-internalization of ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase, also called HER2/neu, with HPV16 particles from the plasma membrane. Although ErbB2 overexpression has been associated with cervical cancer, its influence on HPV infection stages was previously unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of ErbB2 in HPV infection, focusing on HPV16. Through siRNA-mediated knockdown and pharmacological inhibition studies, we found that HPV16 entry is independent of ErbB2. Instead, our signal transduction and promoter assays unveiled a concentration- and activation-dependent regulatory role of ErbB2 on the HPV16 LCR by supporting viral promoter activity. We also found that ErbB2’s nuclear localization signal was not essential for LCR activity, but rather the cellular ErbB2 protein level and activation status that were inhibited by tucatinib and CP-724714. These ErbB2-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors as well as ErbB2 depletion significantly influenced the downstream Akt and ERK signaling pathways and LCR activity. Experiments encompassing low-risk HPV11 and high-risk HPV18 LCRs uncovered, beyond HPV16, the importance of ErbB2 in the general regulation of the HPV early promoter. Expanding our investigation to directly assess the impact of ErbB2 on viral gene expression, quantitative analysis of E6 and E7 transcript levels in HPV16 and HPV18 transformed cell lines unveiled a noteworthy decrease in oncogene expression following ErbB2 depletion, concomitant with the downregulation of Akt and ERK signaling pathways. In light of these findings, we propose that ErbB2 holds promise as potential target for treating HPV infections and HPV-associated malignancies by silencing viral gene expression.
Developing the TeamOBS-vacuum-assisted delivery checklist to assess clinical performance in a vacuum-assisted delivery: a Delphi study with initial validation
Authors: Brogaard Lise , Hinshaw Kim , Kierkegaard Ole , Manser Tanja , Uldbjerg Niels , Hvidman Lone
Published: February 2024

Introduction

In Northern Europe, vacuum-assisted delivery (VAD) accounts for 6–15% of all deliveries; VAD is considered safe when conducted by adequately trained personnel. However, failed vacuum extraction can be harmful to both the mother and child. Therefore, the clinical performance in VAD must be assessed to guide learning, determine a performance benchmark, and evaluate the quality to achieve an overall high performance. We were unable to identify a pre-existing tool for evaluating the clinical performance in real-life vacuum-assisted births.

Objective

We aimed to develop and validate a checklist for assessing the clinical performance in VAD.

Methods

We conducted a Delphi process, described as an interactive process where experts answer questions until answers converge toward a “joint opinion” (consensus). We invited international experts as Delphi panelists and reached a consensus after four Delphi rounds, described as follows: (1) the panelists were asked to add, remove, or suggest corrections to the preliminary list of items essential for evaluating clinical performance in VAD; (2) the panelists applied weights of clinical importance on a Likert scale of 1–5 for each item; (3) each panelist revised their original scores after reviewing a summary of the other panelists’ scores and arguments; and (4) the TeamOBS-VAD was tested using videos of real-life VADs, and the Delphi panel made final adjustments and approved the checklist.

Results

Twelve Delphi panelists from the UK (n = 3), Norway (n = 2), Sweden (n = 3), Denmark (n = 3), and Iceland (n = 1) were included. After four Delphi rounds, the Delphi panel reached a consensus on the checklist items and scores. The TeamOBS-VAD checklist was tested using 60 videos of real-life vacuum extractions. The inter-rater agreement had an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.73; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of [0.58, 0.83], and that for the average of two raters was ICC 0.84 95% CI [0.73, 0.91]. The TeamOBS-VAD score was not associated with difficulties in delivery, such as the number of contractions during vacuum extraction delivery, cephalic level, rotation, and position. Failed vacuum extraction occurred in 6% of the video deliveries, but none were associated with the teams with low clinical performance scores.

Conclusion

The TeamOBS-VAD checklist provides a valid and reliable evaluation of the clinical performance of vaginal-assisted vacuum extraction.
Refractory human cytomegalovirus infection without evidence of genetic resistance in the UL-54 and UL-97 genes in a pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient: a case report
Authors: Pando-Caciano Alejandra , Escudero-Ramirez Ketty Adid , Rodríguez-Torres Jackeline Carol , Maita-Malpartida Holger
Published: February 2024

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a common complication in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Management of refractory CMV infections, especially in developing countries, can be challenging due to the limited availability of second and third-line antiviral drugs or alternative treatments. Here, we present a case of an 8 years-old patient diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia. Eight months post-diagnosis, the patient underwent TCR-αβ+/CD19+-depleted haploidentical HSCT. Both the donor and recipient tested positive for anti-CMV IgG and negative for IgM antibodies. Before transplantation, the patient received CMV prophylaxis in the form of intravenous ganciclovir. Post-transplantation, the patient exhibited oscillating CMV viral loads and was diagnosed with a refractory infection. Treatment with ganciclovir, foscarnet, and cidofovir was unsuccessful. Sequencing of UL-54 and UL-97 genes was performed to rule out potential resistance to first-line treatment. Ten months after the HSCT, the child died from hypovolemic shock due to gastrointestinal bleeding. This is the first case reported in Peru and Latin America of a refractory CMV infection in a pediatric HSCT recipient without evidence of clinical symptoms and CMV genetic resistance. This case demonstrates the need for alternative treatments to manage refractory CMV infections, especially in haploidentical HSCT cases where drug resistance is frequent (~15%). Furthermore, this case highlights the importance of using highly sensitive genetic tools to detect mutations associated with virus resistance in a broader range of the viral genome.
Significant association of elevated serum galectin-9 levels with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chen Po-Ku , Hsu Wei-Fan , Peng Cheng-Yuan , Liao Tsai-Ling , Chang Shih-Hsin , Chen Hsin-Hua , Chen Chu-Huang , Chen Der-Yuan
Published: February 2024

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but its pathogenesis has rarely been explored. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) interacts with T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing-molecule-3 (TIM-3) expressed on hepatocytes and thus regulates T cell proliferation in a murine model of NAFLD. We aimed to examine the pathogenic role of the Gal-9/TIM-3 pathway in RA-NAFLD.

Methods

Serum levels of Gal-9, soluble TIM-3 (sTIM-3), fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP)1, and FABP4 were determined by ELISA in forty-five RA patients and eleven healthy participants. Using Oil-red O staining and immunoblotting, we examined the effects of Gal-9 and free fatty acid (FFA) on lipid accumulation in human hepatocytes and FABP1 expression.

Results

Serum Gal-9, sTIM-3 and FABP1 level were significantly higher in RA patients (median 5.02 ng/mL, 3.42 ng/mL, and 5.76 ng/mL, respectively) than in healthy participants (1.86 ng/mL, 0.99 ng/mL, and 0.129 ng/mL, all p < 0.001). They were also significantly higher in patients with moderate-to-severe NAFLD compared with none-to-mild NAFLD (p < 0.01; p < 0.05; and p < 0.01, respectively). Serum Gal-9 levels were positively correlated with sTIM-3, FABP1, FABP4 levels, and ultrasound-fatty liver score, respectively, in RA patients. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that Gal-9 (cut-off>3.30) was a significant predictor of NAFLD development, and Gal-9 and sTIM-3 were predictors of NAFLD severity (both p < 0.05). The cell-based assay showed that Gal-9 and FFA could upregulate FABP1 expression and enhance lipid droplet accumulation in hepatocytes.

Conclusion

Elevated levels of Gal-9 and sTIM3 in RA patients with NAFLD and their positive correlation with NAFLD severity suggest the pathogenic role of Gal-9 signaling in RA-related NAFLD.
Diazotrophic community in the sediments of Poyang Lake in response to water level fluctuations
Authors: Wu Qiang , Wang Fei , Chen Yuwei , Zou Wenxiang , Zhu Zhigang
Published: February 2024

Water level fluctuations (WLFs) are typical characteristic of floodplain lakes and dominant forces regulating the structure and function of lacustrine ecosystems. The sediment diazotrophs play important roles in contributing bioavailable nitrogen to the aquatic environment. However, the relationship between the diazotrophic community and WLFs in floodplain lakes is unknown. In this paper, we carried out a comprehensive investigation on the alpha diversity, abundance, composition and co-occurrence network of the sediment diazotrophs during different water level phases in Poyang Lake. There were no regular variation patterns in the alpha diversity and abundance of the sediment diazotrophs with the water level phase transitions. The relative abundance of some diazotrophic phyla (including Alphaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteri, Euryarchaeota, and Firmicutes) and genera (including Geobacter, Deferrisoma, Desulfuromonas, Rivicola, Paraburkholderia, Methylophilus, Methanothrix, Methanobacterium, and Clostridium) was found to change with the water level phase transitions. The results of ANOSIM, PerMANOVA, and DCA at the OTU level showed that the diazotrophic community structure in the low water level phase was significantly different from that in the two high water level phases, while there was no significant difference between the two high water level phases. These results indicated that the diazotrophic community was affected by the declining water level in terms of the composition, while the rising water level contributed to the recoveries of the diazotrophic community. The diazotrophs co-occurrence network was disrupted by the declining water level, but it was strengthened by the rising water level. Moreover, redundancy analysis showed that the variation of the diazotrophic community composition was mostly related to sediment total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP). Interestingly, the levels of sediment TN and TP were also found to vary with the water level phase transitions. Therefore, it might be speculated that the WLFs may influence the sediment TN and TP, and in turn influence the diazotrophic community composition. These data can contribute to broadening our understanding of the ecological impacts of WLFs and the nitrogen fixation process in floodplain lakes.
Neural circuits for the adaptive regulation of fear and extinction memory
Authors: Plas Samantha L. , Tuna Tuğçe , Bayer Hugo , Juliano Vitor A. L. , Sweck Samantha O. , Arellano Perez Angel D. , Hassell James E. , Maren Stephen
Published: February 2024

The regulation of fear memories is critical for adaptive behaviors and dysregulation of these processes is implicated in trauma- and stress-related disorders. Treatments for these disorders include pharmacological interventions as well as exposure-based therapies, which rely upon extinction learning. Considerable attention has been directed toward elucidating the neural mechanisms underlying fear and extinction learning. In this review, we will discuss historic discoveries and emerging evidence on the neural mechanisms of the adaptive regulation of fear and extinction memories. We will focus on neural circuits regulating the acquisition and extinction of Pavlovian fear conditioning in rodent models, particularly the role of the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in the contextual control of extinguished fear memories. We will also consider new work revealing an important role for the thalamic nucleus reuniens in the modulation of prefrontal-hippocampal interactions in extinction learning and memory. Finally, we will explore the effects of stress on this circuit and the clinical implications of these findings.
Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma with PTCH1 mutation: a case report
Authors: Zhou Luting , Xu Haimin , Liu Yang , Li Xiangyun , Li Chuanying , Yang Xiaoqun , Wang Chaofu
Published: February 2024

Acquired cystic disease-associated renal cell carcinoma (ACD-RCC) is an extremely rare kidney tumor seen mainly in patients with end-stage renal disease. Currently, there are few reports on this type of tumor. We describe the case of a 58-year-old man who had been receiving peritoneal dialysis for more than nine years due to chronic renal insufficiency and uremia. One year after undergoing left renal clear cell renal cell carcinoma resection, a space-occupying lesion was found in the right kidney for which he underwent right nephrectomy. The histopathology of this tumor showed solid or tubular cell arrangements, with some areas of cyst formation. Vacuoles of varying sizes were present in the cytoplasm, and varying amounts of calcium oxalate crystals were found in the tumor cells or interstitium. The pathological diagnosis was ACD-RCC. Next-generation sequencing detected mutations in the PTCH1, MTOR, FAT1, SOS1, RECQL4, and CDC73 genes in the right renal tumor. This is a rare case of a patient with ACD-RCC in the right kidney and clear cell renal cell carcinoma in the left kidney. The findings suggest that mutations in PTCH1 associated with ACD-RCC may have acted as oncogenic drivers for the development of ACKD-RCC, together with providing insight into mechanisms underlying ACD-RCC development, as well as diagnostic and treatment options.
Chronic Epstein-Barr viral load carriage after pediatric organ transplantation
Authors: Yamada Masaki , Chen Sharon F. , Green Michael
Published: January 2024

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and EBV-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV/PTLD) is one of the most devastating complications occurring in pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Observations of SOT recipients undergoing serial EBV monitoring to inform reduction of immune suppression to prevent EBV-/PTLD has identified patients who maintain chronic high EBV load (CHL) in their blood. The CHL carrier state has been seen more commonly in pediatric compared to adult transplant recipients. Some but not all CHL may progress to EBV/PTLD. However, little is known regarding the biology of this CHL carrier state and the optimal clinical approach to CHL has not been established. This review summarizes the current knowledge and evidence of chronic high EBV load and introduces commonly adopted approaches from experts in this field.
Real-world observations and impacts of Chinese herbal medicine for migraine: results of a registry-based cohort study
Authors: Lyu Shaohua , Zhang Claire Shuiqing , Zhang Anthony Lin , Guo Xinfeng , Hua Rong , Mao Zhenhui , Su Qiaozhen , Xue Charlie Changli , Sun Jingbo
Published: February 2024

Background: Migraine is a prevalent, recurrent condition with substantial disease burden. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been used frequently for migraine in controlled clinical settings. This study is to summarise the characteristics of patients who seek clinical care in a tertiary Chinese medicine hospital in China; to gather their preferences and values of using CHM; to explore the effect of CHM for migraine and its comorbidities in a real-world setting, and to collect first-hand expertise of clinicians’ practice pattern in prescribing CHM for migraine.

Methods: This registry-based cohort study was prospectively conducted at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine from December 2020 to May 2022. Adult migraine patients seeking their initial anti-migraine clinical care at the hospital were consecutively recruited and followed up for 12 weeks. Practitioners specialised in headache management prescribed individualised treatments without research interference. Standardised case report forms were employed to gather information on patients’ preferences and perspective of seeking clinical care, as well as to assess participants’ migraine severity, comorbidities, and quality of life, at 4-weeks intervals. Various analytical methods were utilised based on the computed data.

Results: In this study, we observed 248 participants. Of these, 73 received CHM treatment for 28 days or longer. Notably, these participants exhibited a greater disease severity, compared to those treated with CHM for less than 28 days. Of the 248 participants, 83.47% of them expected CHM would effectively reduce the severity of their migraine, around 50% expected effects for migraine-associated comorbidities, while 51.61% expressing concerns about potential side effects. CHM appeared to be effective in reducing monthly migraine days and pain intensity, improving patients’ quality of life, and potentially reducing comorbid anxiety, with a minimum of 28 days CHM treatment. Herbs such as gan cao, gui zhi, chuan xiong, fu ling, bai zhu, yan hu suo, etc. were frequently prescribed for migraine, based on patients’ specific symptoms.

Conclusion: CHM appeared to be beneficial for migraine and comorbid anxiety in real-world clinical practice when used continuously for 28 days or more.

Clinical Trial Registration:clinicaltrials.gov, identifier ChiCTR2000041003.
Examining the clinical relevance of metformin as an antioxidant intervention
Authors: Buczyńska Angelika , Sidorkiewicz Iwona , Krętowski Adam Jacek , Adamska Agnieszka
Published: February 2024

In physiological concentrations, reactive oxygen species play a vital role in regulating cell signaling and gene expression. Nevertheless, oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases and can inflict damage on diverse cell types and tissues. Thus, understanding the factors that mitigate the deleterious effects of oxidative stress is imperative for identifying new therapeutic targets. In light of the absence of direct treatment recommendations for reducing oxidative stress, there is a continuing need for fundamental research that utilizes innovative therapeutic approaches. Metformin, known for its multifaceted beneficial properties, is acknowledged for its ability to counteract the adverse effects of increased oxidative stress at both molecular and cellular levels. In this review, we delve into recent insights regarding metformin’s antioxidant attributes, aiming to expand its clinical applicability. Our review proposes that metformin holds promise as a potential adjunctive therapy for various diseases, given its modulation of oxidative stress characteristics and regulation of diverse metabolic pathways. These pathways include lipid metabolism, hormone synthesis, and immunological responses, all of which may experience dysregulation in disease states, contributing to increased oxidative stress. Furthermore, our review introduces potential novel metformin-based interventions that may merit consideration in future research. Nevertheless, the necessity for clinical trials involving this drug remains imperative, as they are essential for establishing therapeutic dosages and addressing challenges associated with dose-dependent effects.
Grading by AI makes me feel fairer? How different evaluators affect college students’ perception of fairness
Authors: Chai Fangyuan , Ma Jiajia , Wang Yi , Zhu Jun , Han Tingting
Published: February 2024

Introduction

In the field of education, new technologies have enhanced the objectivity and scientificity of educational evaluation. However, concerns have been raised about the fairness of evaluators, such as artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. This study aimed to assess college students’ perceptions of fairness in educational evaluation scenarios through three studies using experimental vignettes.

Methods

Three studies were conducted involving 172 participants in Study 1, 149 in Study 2, and 145 in Study 3. Different evaluation contexts were used in each study to assess the influence of evaluators on students’ perception of fairness. Information transparency and explanations for evaluation outcomes were also examined as potential moderators.

Results

Study 1 found that different evaluators could significantly influence the perception of fairness under three evaluation contexts. Students perceived AI algorithms as fairer evaluators than teachers. Study 2 revealed that information transparency was a mediator, indicating that students perceived higher fairness with AI algorithms due to increased transparency compared with teachers. Study 3 revealed that the explanation of evaluation outcomes moderated the effect of evaluator on students’ perception of fairness. Specifically, when provided with explanations for evaluation results, the effect of evaluator on students’ perception of fairness was lessened.

Discussion

This study emphasizes the importance of information transparency and comprehensive explanations in the evaluation process, which is more crucial than solely focusing on the type of evaluators. It also draws attention to potential risks like algorithmic hegemony and advocates for ethical considerations, including privacy regulations, in integrating new technologies into educational evaluation systems. Overall, this study provides valuable theoretical insights and practical guidance for conducting fairer educational evaluations in the era of new technologies.
The influence of television content on advertisement: a neurophysiological study
Authors: Bettiga Debora , Noci Giuliano
Published: February 2024

Emotional and cognitive reactions to the media context prove impactful on advertising effectiveness. However, research on the topic remains lacking and with a profusion of mixed results regarding the role of the context in enhancing or detracting communication effectiveness. This study explores the media context-advertising relationship, by investigating the influence of television content on advertisement in light of media psychophysiology and grounding on the Halo effect theory. Consumers’ responses to different television content and advertisements are assessed. Specifically, consumers’ arousal, pleasure, attention, and memorization are measured through brain analysis, heart rate, and skin conductance detection. Self-reported methods complement such analysis, by exploring the values associated with the television content and the advertised brands. Results show that television content influences consumer responses to the advertisement and the values associated with the brands, confirming the existence of a halo effect. Responses differ among television content typologies.
Nexus between farmland transfer, agricultural loans, and grain production: empirical evidence from China
Authors: Ding Zhao , Zhang Qianyu , Tang Yu
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Food production stands as a critical global concern necessitating comprehensive investigation. This study utilizes provincial-level data from China to explore the intricate relationships between farmland transfer, agricultural loans, and grain production, with the aim of shedding light on the complexities of these dynamics.

Methods

A two-way fixed effects model and instrumental variable approach are applied to assess the interplay between farmland transfer, agricultural loans, and grain production. These methods provide a robust framework for understanding the complex relationships among these variables.

Results and discussion

The study reveals a notable positive correlation between farmland transfer and grain production. Conversely, agricultural loans demonstrate a significantly negative impact on grain production. However, the positive interaction term between farmland transfer and agricultural loans suggests a nuanced relationship. While profit-driven financial activities may not inherently favor grain production, they contribute to more efficient utilization of farmland resources, ultimately promoting grain production. The findings underscore the significance of continued government support for rural land system reform and active guidance of farmland transfer. It is emphasized that a moderate-scale operation of farmland is crucial for finance to play a lubricating and catalytic role. Furthermore, there is a need to guide agricultural finance towards investing in medium and long-term projects of agricultural production. Attention is also directed to preventing potential food crises arising from the phenomenon of “non- farming” associated with agricultural loans.