bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility Analysis of State High School Economics Textbooks in North Hulu Sungai District, South Kalimantan
Authors: Amelia Netty , Baroroh Kiromim , . Zamroni
Published: July 2024

Education is one the efforts to advance the nation. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of education, one of which is by improving the quality of the textbooks used in schools. Textbooks are a mandatory reference as regulated in Article 1 paragraph (3) of the Regulation of the Minister of National Education Number 2 of 2008. Experts and educators have long paid attention to the quality of textbooks. Economic textbooks as part of science and social studies subjects have received a lot of criticism both for their content and structure. Economic textbooks are cinsidered to have a lack of accurate information. According to the National Education Standards Agency (BNSP) there are 4 aspects of eligibility for textbooks, namely content feasibility, language eligibility, presentation feasibility and graphic feasibility. The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility of textbooks for economics lessons at State Senior High Schools in North Hulu Sungai Regency, South Kalimantan. The research method content analysis. This study used primary data sources and secondary data sources. The data collection technique used in this study is the documentation technique. Meanwhile, the analysis of the data used in this study was descriptive quantitative. The results found that in terms of content feasibility, Class XII State High School Economics Textbooks published by CP were categorized as quite feasible with a percentage of 58.9%. In terms of feasibility of presentation, the Class XII State High School Economics Textbook published by CP is categorized as quite feasible with a percentage of 57.5%. In terms of language feasibility, Class XII State High School Economics Textbooks published by CP are categorized as very feasible with a percentage of 87.3%. In terms of graphic feasibility, the Class XII State High School Economics Textbook published by CP is categorized as very decent with a percentage of 92.0%.

Keywords: Education, Quality, Textbooks, Economics, Feasibility.
Comparative Analysis of Public Health Care Systems and Their Impact on Mental Health
Authors: Laishram Nirvaan
Published: July 2024

Throughout the world, there are various healthcare systems in place to provide healthcare for their citizens. From universal healthcare coverage in countries like Canada, The United Kingdom, and France, to private healthcare as seen in countries such as the United States and India. This paper analyses the different approaches the UK and India take to their healthcare systems with a particular focus on understanding how this impacts the treatment of the mental health of the population. Through cross-analysis of the UK and Indian public health systems, this paper establishes that different approaches to public health care systems can have a significant impact on the mental health of a population. This can also be affected by other factors such as societal stigma, economic circumstances, and overall awareness of mental health and mental illnesses.

Keywords: Public Health, Mental Health, Healthcare Systems, United Kingdom, India
Audience Evaluation of INEC Half Hour Programme on AIT and Voter Education: Focus on The 2023 General Elections
Authors: U. B. Andrew,
Published: July 2024

The correlation between media and voter education is undeniable, with television emerging as a significant platform for disseminating political discourse aimed at fostering civic engagement within societies. This research endeavours to scrutinise the audience's perception of the INEC HALF Hour Programme broadcasted on AIT concerning voter education, specifically concentrating on the dynamics of the 2023 general elections. Employing a survey research design, data were collected from residents residing in Lafia metropolis, constituting the target population. The study operated within the conceptual framework of the Cognitive Mobilisation Theory of Political Literacy and Participation. The findings underscored the substantial viewership of the INEC HALF Hour Programme on AIT, illuminating its vital role in educating residents about various aspects pertinent to electoral participation. These include procedural guidelines on voting, discouragement of electoral violence, voter registration procedures, elucidation of citizens' rights and responsibilities, protocols for reporting electoral malpractices, candidates' profiles alongside their manifestos, and insights into past electoral pitfalls with corresponding strategies for avoidance. In light of these observations, it is evident that the INEC HALF Hour Programme wielded considerable influence in galvanising the participation of Lafia residents during the 2023 general elections. Consequently, it is imperative to acknowledge and harness the achievements in voter education accomplished through AIT's INEC HALF Hour Programme as a cornerstone for sustained endeavours in this domain.
Modelling Institutional Characteristics that Influenced Implementation of Blended Learning in Public Universities in Kenya
Authors: M. M. Ndwiga , K. Ogeti , A. Syomwene
Published: July 2024

Blended Learning is an undisputedly useful and effective pedagogical approach for the 21st-century classroom. However, its adoption in many state universities in Kenya is worryingly low. This study aimed to develop a pedagogical model that would accelerate the adoption of blended learning in public universities in Kenya. Bandura’s Social Learning Theory was used to understand students’ perception, self-efficacy, and previous experience variables in a blended learning environment. The methodology used was exploratory sequential mixed research design. Third-year bachelor of education students (N=7385) in public universities in Kenya formed the population for the study. The researcher used multiple-stage sampling and the Nassiuma formula was used to select 3rd-year education students (n=218). Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to design an appropriate pedagogical model out on institutional characteristics. The study revealed three significant paths: 1) University preparedness and students’ perception (regression estimate = .399; P<.05; 2) university preparedness and students’ self-efficacy (regression estimates = .389; P<.05); and 3) blended learning adoption and students’ perception (regression estimates = .55; P<.05). Students and lecturers responded that “Poor internet connection,” and “Lack appropriate infrastructure and equipment,” as the main barriers. In conclusion, the implementation of blended learning highly depends on the interaction of students’ perceptions and universities’ preparedness. The study suggested that universities should focus on promoting an environment that focuses on university preparedness and perception/attitudes. Further studies should be done on appropriate BL models for TVET and secondary schools in Kenya.
Phenomenological Inquiry of The Lived Experience of People Living with Breast Cancer
Authors: Buena Hernan , Salamanque Marion Jonah , Reyes Jessa
Published: July 2024

This phenomenological study sought an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of people living with breast cancer within the context of their day-to-day lives and the emotional burden brought by the disease and analyzed the data using phenomenological methods. A purposive sampling method was used to determine the number of required participants by interviewing women with breast cancer who will meet the inclusion criteria until the data are saturated and no new topics are generated. A total of six (6) women with breast cancer were interviewed. There are two major themes that emerged and describe the lived experiences among patients with breast cancer. These were varied views of people regarding breast cancer and the importance of the support group to a person, especially in overcoming the challenges and difficulties as they go along their journey of beating breast cancer. In conclusion, by using an in-depth interview, this study found out that the experiences of women who were diagnosed with breast cancer have completed the treatment and some have recurrence and ongoing treatment. Also, there is support received from her family, friends, and co-members, which helps them to overcome and cope with stress, especially the treatment. Through early detection, it plays a vital role in managing Breast Cancer. With proper information dissemination and awareness with regards to breast cancer, this could prevent it from late detection, and early management. However, with regard to early detection, they didn’t seek immediate care; rather, they preferred to self-medicate and seek after it worsens.
Surgery for a thoracic gunshot wound reveals pleural infection with dirofilaria repens
Authors: Moneke Isabelle ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Kornyeva Anastasiya , Braun Leonie , Kukla Frederik , Kohn Fabian , Passlick Bernward , Titze Laurin ,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,   Veterinary Laboratory Freiburg, Germany.,   Veterinary Laboratory Freiburg, Germany.,   Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,   Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Published: July 2024

Dirofilaria repens (D. repens) is a vector-borne filaroid helminth of carnivores, with dogs representing the major reservoirs of infestation. Humans are accidental hosts in which D. repens usually do not reach sexual maturity but may induce local inflammation, mainly in subcutaneous or ocular tissues. Here, we present the rare case of an incidental pleural D. repens infection in a young patient with a gunshot wound to the right upper chest. During thoracoscopy to remove the bullet from the dorsal chest wall, a small solitary worm was discovered in the pleural cavity on the diaphragm and later identified as D. repens. Our patient was asymptomatic regarding the parasite. D. repens is considered an emergent zoonotic pathogen in northern and central Europe and may be increasingly relevant for animals and human health. Spreading of the parasite is facilitated by climate changes and globalization.
Chediak-Higashi syndrome with hemophagocytic cells in CSF
Authors: Alavi Samin ,   Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rahimi Afzal Roghayeh , Dastmalchi Fatemeh ,   Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,   Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: July 2024

An infant with Chediak-Higashi syndrome is presented who developed hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). During the initial evaluations, CSF was analyzed which showed abnormal leukocytes and monocytes with giant granules and hemophagocytosis.
ÖĞRENME DAVRANIŞININ SÜRÜ EĞİLİMİNE ETKİSİ: BORSA İSTANBUL’DA İŞLEM YAPAN BİREYSEL YATIRIMCILAR ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ
Authors: Elmas Bekir , Aydın Salih
Published: July 2024

Finansal piyasalarda sıklıkla karşılaşılan yatırımcı eğilimlerinden birisi olan sürü eğilimi, yatırımcıların kendi bilgilerine göre diğer yatırımcıların bilgilerine daha fazla önem vermesi olarak ifade edilebilir. Sürü eğilimi doğrultusunda yatırım yapan yatırımcılar piyasanın sunduğu birçok yatırım fırsatını göremeyebilir. Ancak yatırımcılar geçmiş ticaret deneyimlerinden ders alıp, bireysel ve sosyal öğrenme düzeylerini artırırlarsa sürüye göre değil kendi yatırım stratejilerine göre hareket edebilirler. Bu çalışmada bireysel yatırımcıların öğrenme davranışının sürü eğilimine etkisini ölçmek amacıyla Borsa İstanbul’da yatırım yapan bireysel yatırımcılara anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırma modelinin test edilmesinde AMOS Yapısal Eşitlik Modellerinden Yol Analizi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda bireysel yatırımcıların kendine güven davranışlarının ve öğrenme isteklerinin sürü eğilimleri üzerinde etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Review of: Vasilieva, E.V., Teoria mody: mif, potreblenie I sistema tsennostei [Fashion Theory: Myth, Consumption and Value System], Мoscow; Saint Petersburg: Т8 Izdatelskie Tehnologii. Palmira Publ., 2023, 387 p., (In Russian).
Authors: Бандорина К.В.
Published: July 2024

Актуальная необходимость осмыслить феномен моды как аналитический предмет, где важна как визуальная, так и смысловая составляющая, продиктована отсутствием исследований такого рода в российской науке. В новом издании книги «Теория моды: Миф, потребление и система ценностей» мода рассматривается с позиции междисциплинарного подхода: сквозь призму культурологического, философского и социологического знания. Автор книги Екатерина Васильева — кандидат искусствоведения, доцент Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета, член Союза художников России, член международной ассоциации искусствоведов.

The urgent need to comprehend the phenomenon of fashion as an analytical subject, where both visual and semantic components are important, is dictated by the lack of research of this kind in Russian scolarship. In the new edition of the book “Fashion Theory: Myth, Consumption and Value System” fashion is explored through an interdisciplinary approach: through the prism of cultural, philosophical and sociological knowledge. The author of the book, Ekaterina Vasilieva, is a candidate of art history, associate professor at Saint Petersburg State University, a member of the Union of Artists of Russia, a member of the International Association of Art Historians.
Designing Inclusive Fonts for Dyslexic People: Relevance, Main Hypotheses, Prospects
Authors: Климовская Д.И.
Published: July 2024

В последние годы в России стали чаще говорить о необходимости инклюзивного дизайна и, в частности, особых правил типографики для людей с дислексией. Несмотря на то, что первый специализированный шрифт для дислексиков был выпущен более 10 лет назад, эта область все еще остается противоречивой и малоисследованной. Представляется важным рассмотреть эволюцию подходов к проектированию подобных гарнитур и определить причины потери интереса со стороны дизайн-сообщества. На фоне высокой востребованности инклюзивных шрифтов очевидна необходимость пересмотра подхода к разработке этих гарнитур. Серьезные пробелы в понимании процесса распознавания знаков и влияния на него гарнитурных характеристик шрифта мешают находить точные и действенные решения. Подобно зарубежным ученым, важно обратить внимание на анализ наиболее частых ошибок, зафиксировать сложные для восприятия знаки и их сочетания. Наконец, требуется отойти от устоявшихся параметров шрифта для дислексиков, чтобы проверить и, возможно, найти новые пути повышения различимости. Примером таких поисков служат гипотезы, реализованные в шрифте ReadKit.

In recent years, the need for inclusive design and, in particular, special typography rules for people with dyslexia has started to be debated in Russia. Despite the fact that the first specially designed typeface for dyslexics was released over 10 years ago, this area is still controversial and under-researched. It seems important to consider the evolution of approaches to designing such typefaces and determine the reasons for the loss of interest on the part of the design community. Taking into account the high demand for inclusive fonts, the need to reconsider the approach to the development of these typefaces is obvious. Serious gaps in understanding the process of character recognition and how it is impacted by typeface characteristics make it difficult to find accurate and efficient solutions. Following foreign practice, attention should be paid to the analysis of the most common errors, to identify characters and character combinations that are difficult to read. Finally, it is necessary to move away from the established parameters for dyslexia fonts in order to test and possibly find new ways to increase legibility. An example of such inquiries is the ReadKit font.
УСТЕКИНУМАБТЫҢ (СТЕЛАРА ПРЕПАРАТЫ) ОБЛЫСТЫҚ ТЕРІ-ВЕНЕРОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ДИСПАНСЕРІ ПОЛИКЛИНИКА БӨЛІМІНДЕ ТЕРІ ПСОРИАЗЫНАН ЗАРДАП ШЕГЕТІН НАУҚАСТАРДА ҚОЛДАНЫЛУ ТӘЖІРИБЕСІН ТАЛДАУ
Authors: Оспанова А.М. , Наурызова А.А. , Уалихан Қ.О. , Көпбай А.А. , Рашидова Ф.Ш.
Published: July 2024

Мақалада қазіргі кезде дерматология саласында маңызды мәселелердің бірі саналатын созылмалы ауру – тері псориазының емдеу әдістерінің бірі талқыланады. Биологиялық препарат негізінде ұзақ ремиссияға жетуге болатындығы және Устекинумабтың (Стелара препараты) қолданылу тәжірибесі қарастырылады.
МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ МЕТФОРМИНА ПРИ ОЖИРЕНИИ: СПОНТАННЫЕ ФОКУСЫ ДВУНИТЕВЫХ РАЗРЫВОВ ДНК ЛИМФОЦИТОВ КРОВИ
Authors: Кудабаева Х.И. , Базаргалиев Е.Ш. , Космуратова Р.Н. , Курмангалиева С.С.
Published: July 2024

Проблема ожирения остро стоит по всему миру и прогнозируется ее дальнейший рост. Усовершенствование методов диагностики ожирения с ранним выявлением предраковых изменений неэффективно без данных геномных исследований. В статье описывается влияние метформина на повреждение ДНК лимфоцитов крови при ожирении. Метформин принимает участие в ингибировании активных форм кислорода и влияет на двухцепочечные разрывы ДНК, что является одним из первостепенных противоопухолевых механизмов действия. Проведена оценка повреждений ДНК лимфоцитов крови у лиц с ожирением до и после применения метформина (Глюкофаж, компания «Mercк») в течение 3-х месяцев в суточной дозе 850 мг 1 раз в день. В исследовании приняло участие 27 пациентов с ожирением с учетом критерий включения и исключения. Оценка индексы массы тела проведена согласно классификации избыточной массы тела и ожирения по ВОЗ [1]. С целью исследования повреждений ДНК использован непрямой иммунофлюоресцентный анализ для определения количественного определения фосфорилированного γ–H2AX в лимфоцитах крови на аппарате «AKLIDES». По данным нашего исследования, на фоне приема метформина при ожирении статистически значимое снижение спонтанных фокусов двунитевых разрывов (ДР) ДНК по показателям: среднее количество разрывов на одну клетку (р=0.000), процент поврежденных клеток (р=0.017), ядра с очагами разрывов (р=0.023), фокусы в целом (р<0.000). Полученные результаты акцентируют внимание о положительном влиянии метформина на состояние организма при ожирении, снижая риск геномной нестабильности.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR COMPONENTS IN CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Rysbayeva Zh.I. , Karkimbayeva G.A. , Izenbaev N.B. , Uatayeva A.T. , Omarova B.A. , Konysbayev M.G.
Published: July 2024

This research revealed the structure of periodontal diseases in children in Kyzylorda and Talgar regions. A cytological analysis of gingival fluid in chronic catarrhal gingivitis was performed. It was found that periodontal diseases were a fairly common pathology in 66.5% of children in the main group (21.4% in the control group). The cytological analysis of gingival fluid showed the presence of dystrophically altered epithelial cells, an increase in the number of epithelial cells contaminated with microorganisms, the percentage of which was significantly higher in children of the main group than in children of the comparison group (P< 0.05). Loosening of the epithelial layer was noted, as evidenced by increased indices of the IMEC index (index of multicellular epithelial complexes) (P<0.05). The large number of erythrocytes detected in gingival fluid smears in children of the main group compared with the comparison group indicates a violation of the permeability of the gum vascular walls.
FERULA ASAFOETIDA L. ЖЕР АСТЫ БӨЛІГІ КӨМІРҚЫШҚЫЛДЫ ЭКСТРАКТЫСЫНЫҢ КОМПОНЕНТТІК ҚҰРАМЫН ЗЕРТТЕУ
Authors: Рахымбаев Н.А. , Махатов Б.К. , Жакипбеков К.С. , Анарбаева Р.М. , Тобагабылова Г.Н. , Макашева Н.О. , Асылова Н.А. , Нурбаева С.Е.
Published: July 2024

Сасық қурай (Ferula asafoetida L.) ертеден түрлі елдердің халықтық медицинасында қолданылып келген бағалы өсімдік. Зерттеудің мақсаты Ferula asafoetida өсімдігі жер асты бөлігінен алынған көмірқышқылды экстрактысының химиялық құрамын зерттеп, оның негізінде дәрілік құралдар жасаудың мүмкіндіктерін қарастыру. Көмірқышқылды экстракциялау әдісі қазіргі кезде кеңінен қолданылатын тиімді, қауіпсіз, заманауи әдістердің бірі болып табылады. Ferula asafoetida көмірқышқылды экстрактысының химиялық құрамын газды хроматография-масс-спектрометрия (ГХ-МС) әдісімен талдау барысында жалпы 33 химиялық қосылыс анықталды және оның 34,39%-ын күкіртті байланыстар құрады. Анықталған күкіртті байланыстар фармацевтикалық өндірісте микробқа қарсы өсімдік текті препараттар жасауда қолданылуы мүмкін.
ҚЫЗЫЛ ТАСПА (POLYGONUM AVICULARE L.) ЭКСТРАКТЫСЫ НЕГІЗІНДЕ ЖАҚПА МАЙДЫҢ ОҢТАЙЛЫ ҚҰРАМЫ МЕН ТЕХНОЛОГИЯСЫН ӘЗІРЛЕУ
Authors: Ерғазина С.Е. , Нөкербек Ш. , Амирханова А.Ш. , Койлыбаева М.К. , Абдрахман А.
Published: July 2024

Дерматология саласындағы мәселелер бүкіл әлемде жиі кездеседі және олардың таралуына әртүрлі факторлар, соның ішінде қоршаған орта жағдайлары әсер етуі мүмкін. Зерттеу деректеріне сәйкес, тері аурулары әлемді алаңдатушы аурулар тізімінде бастапқы орындар қатарында. Қазақстан аумағында өсетін өсімдіктердің ішінде қызыл таспа (Polygonum aviculare L.) өсімдігі биологиялық белсенді заттардың құнды көзі болып табылады. Халық медицинасында асқазан-ішек аурулары және атопиялық дерматит, экзема мен псориаз сиақты аллергиялық тері аруларын, сонымен қатар жара мен жарақатты тез емдеу үшін қолданылады. Осыған сәйкес, Қазақстанда алғаш рет Polygonum aviculare L. дәрілік өсімдігінің экстрактысы негізінде жақпа майды алу және оның сапалық көрсеткіштерін анықтау маңызды болып табылады. ҚР Мемлекеттік фармакопеясының жұмсақ дәрілік түрлерге қойылатын талаптары негізінде қызыл таспа (Polygonum aviculare L.) экстрактысы қосылған жақпа майдың жалпы 8 үлгісі жасалынды. Жақпа майдың сыртқы түрі, біркелкілігі мен биологиялық белсенді заттардың жақпа майдан бөлініп шығуы сиақты сынақтар негізінде №8 үлгісі оңтайлы деп танылды.
ОКСИДАТИВНЫЙ СТРЕСС ПРИ САХАРНОМ ДИАБЕТЕ ТИПА 2 И СОПУТСТВУЮЩИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ: ЗВЕНО ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИИ И МИШЕНЬ ПРИ СКРИНИНГЕ НОВЫХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ
Authors: Гуляев А.Е. , Сергазы Ш.Д. , Уразбаева А.С. , Шульгау З.Т. , Бенберин В.В.
Published: July 2024

Сахарный диабет типа 2 представляет собой огромную глобальную проблему здравоохранения, при этом являясь одним из наиболее изученных заболеваний. Окислительный стресс является цитотоксическим следствием избыточного развития активных форм кислорода АФК (ROS) и подавления системы антиоксидантной защиты для элиминации АФК, что ускоряет прогрессирование осложнений диабета, таких как диабетическая нейропатия, ретинопатия и нефропатия. Окислительный стресс, вызванный гипергликемией, вызывает активацию семи основных путей, участвующих в патогенезе диабетических осложнений. Эти пути увеличивают выработку ROS (активные формы кислорода) и RNS (реактивные формы азота), что способствует нарушению регуляции аутофагии, изменениям экспрессии генов и развитию многочисленных провоспалительных медиаторов, что в конечном итоге может привести к диабетическим осложнениям. Очевидно, что в этой области необходимы дополнительные исследования. Цель: исследовать потенциал синтетических соединений корректоров оксидативного стресса в качестве новых противодиабетических лекарственных средств для уменьшения осложнений диабета путем снижения уровня окислительного стресса. Стратегия поиска: при подготовке настоящего обзора в качестве поисковых словосочетаний использовали следующие: «окислительный стресс, антиоксидантная защита, диабетические осложнения» для поиска в русскоязычной литературе, а также использовали такие поисковые фразы при поиске литературы в базе «доказательной медицины» PubMed, как: «оxidative stress», «antioxidant protection», «diabetic complications». В процессе литературного анализа было учтено 63 различных источника. Заключение: Поиск новых противодиабетических лекарственных средств среди синтетических соединений корректоров оксидативного стресса является очевидно перспективным. Этот обзор покажет, что окислительный стресс играет жизненно важную роль в патогенезе осложнений диабета, а использование антиоксидантов поможет уменьшить окислительный стресс и, таким образом, может облегчить осложнения диабета.
Escala CORB65 para valorar Neumonía Adquirida en la comunidad en el primer nivel de atención
Authors: Parrales Lopez Hugo Daniel
Published: July 2024

La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad es una causa frecuente de consulta y tiene una mortalidad elevada, lo que implica que los profesionales de salud deben contar con las herramientas necesarias para evaluar y derivar oportunamente. La mayoría de las escalas de valoración de la severidad para la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad utilizan valores de laboratorio, esto representa un problema para el primer nivel de atención donde usualmente no se cuenta con estos. El objetivo del estudio es proponer la escala CORB-65 (Confusión, Oxigenación, Frecuencia Respiratoria, Presión Arterial, Edad mayor de 65 años) como una alternativa a las escalas clásicas utilizadas como Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), CURB-65 (Confusión, Urea, Frecuencia Respiratoria, Presión Arterial, Edad mayor de 65 años) y qSOFA (quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment), entre otras. Se realizó una investigación documental mediante una búsqueda en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Google Scholar, en la que se compararon diferentes estudios que demuestran que la escala CORB-65 mantiene niveles de sensibilidad y especificidad similares o superiores a las escalas ya mencionadas y dado que no requiere pruebas de laboratorio para su puntaje, la convierte en una alternativa ideal para la valoración de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en el primer nivel de atención.
Fístula carótido-cavernosa con hipertensión ocular secundaria: reporte de caso
Authors: Mejía Llanes Daniel Benjamín
Published: July 2024

Presentación de caso. Paciente femenina de 62 años con historia de 10 meses de dolor ocular pulsátil, proptosis e inyección conjuntival ojo izquierdo, posteriormente presentó edema palpebral superior izquierda. Se evaluó con mejor agudeza visual corregida de 20/30 en dicho ojo y presión intraocular de 30 mmHg. Intervención terapéutica. Resonancia magnética nuclear de órbitas evidencia proptosis y dilatación de vena oftálmica superior izquierda, por lo que se diagnosticó como defecto del drenaje venoso e hipertensión ocular del ojo izquierdo. Inició tratamiento hipotensor tópico de ojo izquierdo; estudios de imagen angiotomografía de órbitas y ultrasonido doppler de ojo izquierdo, con énfasis en párpado superior, evidencian fístula carótido-cavernosa izquierda de alto gasto. Se realizó angiografía cerebral diagnóstica y terapéutica con embolización de fístula en arterias meníngea media y faríngea ascendente con ausencia de flujo por dichas ramas después de la intervención. Evolución clínica. Presentó evolución clínica favorable, conservando agudeza visual y presión intraocular dentro de valores normales en ojo izquierdo, con evidente disminución de congestión venosa epiescleral, edema de párpado superior y ausencia de proptosis izquierda. Ultrasonido doppler control de párpado superior izquierdo con disminución de flujo venoso a valores normales.
La importancia del derecho sanitario en la legislación en salud
Authors: Molina Velásquez Javier Isaac , Erazo Salas Susana Patricia
Published: July 2024

Señora Editora.
Respecto al artículo sobre los factores de riesgo para COVID-19 ante la probabilidad que sea endémico, publicado en la revista Alerta volumen 4 número 2, que describe la importancia del fortalecimiento de las medidas epidemiológicas de manera oportuna, por ejemplo, con la implementación de cabinas móviles para la toma de muestra durante la pandemia por la COVID-19 en El Salvador, se destaca que estas medidas pueden entenderse como protección de la salud pública que está en consonancia con el cumplimiento de la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos y políticas gubernamentales elaboradas sobre esta base.
La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, un concepto vital e impreciso
Authors: Hurtado Díaz Adolfo Martín , Carpio Cerna Julio Alberto , Sanabria Ingrid Odette
Published: July 2024

Sra. Editora:
La seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (SAN) es un concepto vital porque se relaciona con la vida, los derechos humanos y la salud; sin embargo, induce a una diversidad de comprensiones y alcances pues puede ser considerada un objetivo como es el de resolver el problema del hambre y nutrición en el mundo; puede ser un fin o meta como la búsqueda de alimentos seguros, o un paradigma desde lo político, lo económico, lo social, lo cultural, lo jurídico y desde las ciencias y tecnologías vinculadas a la alimentación. Tiene un carácter multidimensional que se expresa en la distancia entre las formulaciones conceptuales en las políticas públicas nacionales e internacionales, pues depende además del contexto y las formulaciones de la academia, ya que es un concepto en continuo cambio.
SOSIALISASI BAHAYA HIDROQUINON PADA CREAM PENCERAH WAJAH MELALUI PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN DI KEL. TAMARUNANG KEC. SOMBAOPU KAB. GOWA
Authors: Wati Rahma , Arisanti Dewi , Fatmawati Andi , Hasnah Hasnah
Published: July 2024

Cosmetics are an element that has a very important role in human life, where some people are very dependent on cosmetic preparations for every occasion. The use of chemicals in cosmetics can endanger health. A survey of the community in Tamarunang Village, Sombaopu District, Gowa Regency, found that there were still mothers and teenagers who bought and used domestically produced and imported cosmetic products without distribution permits containing hydroquinone. Therefore, community service efforts are being made so that people can protect themselves against dangerous cosmetic products. This activity was carried out using the method of increasing the knowledge of 35 participants with an age range of 25 to 55 years. This service activity aims to increase knowledge, especially for the people of Tamarunang Village, Sombaopu District, Gowa Regency. about cosmetics that are safe, free of chemicals and dangerous ingredients and how to use them correctly. Select it. After participating in this service activity, it was discovered that the level of knowledge of the participants was at a fairly high level, namely 85.6%.
Relationship between employment status and reported depressive disorders among older adults in the United States
Authors: Choi Eunji , Levy Carly
Published: July 2024

Background In response to major demographic shifts around the world, many specialists in a variety of professions have begun to investigate the implications. Some countries have raised their legal retirement age. This article investigated the relationship between depression and retirement of older adults (65 and older) in the United States. Methods A chi-square test and logistic regression were performed using the data from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Data Archive. Results Results suggested a significant association between employment status and the prevalence of depression among older adults. Compared to unemployed or employed part-time groups, those who were employed full time were more likely to report having depressive disorders (p-Value < 0.05). Additionally, among those who were not in the workforce, students and those in non-competitive employment were less likely to have depressive disorders (p-Value < 0.05). Discussion Depressive disorders were the major mental health concerns for the older adult population. In the age group of 65 and older, those who are in the workforce reported a higher prevalence of depression compared to the unemployed group, including retirees. However, among the unemployed group, retirees were more likely to report having depression compared to students and individuals participating in non-competitive employment. However, this study faced many limitations, including non-inclusive data and unspecified variables. Thus, future studies are needed. Conclusion As the legal retirement age increases, communities and institutions should continue to study its potential impact on the well-being of older adults and seek ways to promote healthy aging and elder-friendly communities.
Analysis of Broader Functions of Trade Mark Law
Authors: Cao Yichen
Published: July 2024

In todays society, trademarks not only serve as indicators of the source of goods and services but also play various other roles, such as sales and advertising functions. Therefore, the function of trademark law to merely prevent consumer confusion is insufficient and poses risks to the development of trademarks in the market. The theories of association and dilution have emerged to address this issue, but there are still many doubts and misunderstandings surrounding them. This article first explores the other functions of trade mark law, specifically the emergence and content of the avoidance of association and dilution functions. The second part explains the necessity of the diverse functions of trademark law, emphasizing that the avoidance of association and dilution functions are crucial for protecting goodwill, safeguarding trademark uniqueness and value, and protecting the interests of merchants. The third part analyzes different regulations regarding the protection subject and dilution standards to determine the applicability of the diverse functions of trademark law across various countries. This analysis of the diverse functions of trademark law holds significant implications for the effectiveness of trademarks and the progress of trade mark law in legislation and judicial practices.
The Inaction of International Organizations in Times of War
Authors: Ran Lixiao
Published: July 2024

The role of international organizations in wartime has attracted much attention. However, despite the existence of international organizations, there are still many wars and conflicts in the international community. This article explores the limitations of international organizations and the reasons for the inaction of international organizations during wartime, including international law, the political will of member states, and the ability to act. This article will start from a historical perspective, review the establishment of some early international organizations, the development of international law and its role, and then analyze the role of the United Nations as a modern international organization in depth. This article will further examine how international organizations should play a more active role in the conflict by comparing it to a successful case of international organizations in conflict resolution - the Sudan and Ethiopia conflicts. Finally, this article will discuss some possible solutions to improve the role of international organizations in wartime.
Study on the Judicial Practice Dilemma of "Space Obscene"
Authors: Qi Xinlei
Published: July 2024

With the rapid development of the big data network era, cybercrime has gradually emerged in people's vision. As a new form of crime, it has a high degree of concealment and demonstration. Minors, due to their immature mental development and lack of sufficient judgment, are prone to becoming victims of "sexual harassment". At present, legislation and judicial interpretation are not yet perfect, and there are many disputes in the academic community regarding the application of the law. Resolving these disputes has become an urgent task. The research methods used in this article mainly include literature analysis and case analysis. Firstly, this article provides an in-depth interpretation of the keyword "sexual harassment in the distance" from different perspectives, then it combines this phrase with actual cases in the "China Judgment Document Network" to analyze the judicial practice difficulties and explore the path. Finally, it looks forward to the future of China's rule of law construction.
Practical quantitative research on technological impact on Australia post facilities' processing capacity
Authors: Zhao Yue
Published: July 2024

Australia Post has seen increasing demands for its service and in response to this, an automated sorting station and an artificial intelligence-based prioritization system have been installed separately in Tullamarine and Mascot in 2019. This essay aims to answer the question: Can the technology the automated sorting station and the artificial intelligence-based prioritization system effectively improve the processing capability of Australia Post? Four hypotheses will be raised. Selected data for each hypothesis will firstly be described and visualized, then the data will be tested by the Shapiro-Wilk test for normal distribution. According to the Shapiro-Wilk test result and the hypothesis, different statistic tests will be selected to analyze the data followed by the interpretation of the result. In conclusion, the technology - the automated sorting station and the artificial intelligence-based prioritization system can effectively improve the processing capability of Australia Post, and there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the two technologies.
Exploring the complex nexus of Alzheimers disease in down syndrome
Authors: Li Yuxin
Published: July 2024

In recent years, the life expectancy of individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) has increased significantly thanks to the advancements in healthcare and treatments, giving rise to an older population of people with DS. However, this demographic shift has brought about new concerns: as individuals with DS age, they face a higher incidence of early-onset Alzheimers Disease (EOAD) (i.e. the development of AD before the age of 65). Research has revealed an accelerated progression of symptoms, from onset of dementia to death, in DS patients. Thus, it is essential to identify the factors (both genetic and environmental) that underlie the development of different stages of AD-DS. Concomitantly, there is a pressing need to initiate intervention trials that could slow down or prevent the rapid advancement of AD-DS. This paper underscores the growing importance of addressing AD-DS in an ageing DS population. By elucidating genetic and environmental factors, clinical features, diagnostic challenges, roles of genes in the development of AD-DS, and potential future research directions, the article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DAT) and facilitate the development of effective treatments that could improve the lives of DS individuals affected by DAT.
An overview of reward prediction error and its links with dopamine
Authors: Yao Tianxiang
Published: July 2024

Reward prediction error (RPE) refers to the discrepancy between expected and actual rewards received during an event, signaling the difference between what was predicted and what actually happened. Dopaminergic neuron encodes RPE signals in the brain, and is responsible for updating reward expectations and influencing decision-making processes. The relationship between RPE and dopamine has led to research in understanding reward-driven learning and its implications on cognition and behavior. In this review, I will provide an overview of the principles, and task models used to quantify RPE. I will also discuss about the neural mechanisms underlying RPE generation, with a particular focus on the role of dopamine in encoding and transmitting RPE signals and enhance learning. Overall, this review highlights the importance of RPE in reward processing, decision-making, memory and so on, emphasizing its connection to dopamine.
A review on influenza A virus and relevant drugs
Authors: Wong YeeNok
Published: July 2024

Influenza A virus is a verry common virus around the world, where thousands of people will be infected every month. This is why it is important to have drugs that are responsible for curing influenza A virus. In this review, the article will mainly focus on the synthesis and the binding mechanisms of oseltamivir and amantadine hydrochloride with influenza A virus. Apart from they are both used in curing the infection of Influenza A virus, another similarity of these two drugs is they both have some problems in different aspect. For instance, oseltamivir phosphate has a really complex synthesizing process comparing to most of the drugs we can see in the market. The problem of amantadine hydrochloride is even bigger. It will cause several sever negative effects on the human body including damage on DNA and effects on mitotic cell cycle.
APOE4, activation of latent form HSV-1, A beta accumulation and AD progression
Authors: Mo Weiqi
Published: July 2024

The role of APOE4 in Alzheimers disease progression is an area of ongoing research. The core objective of this paper is to investigate the intricate interplay between APOE4, HSV-1, A, and AD progression. Methodology involves assessing A Levels, Spatial Recognition Memory, and Exploratory Behavior in HSV-1-infected Fx5AD Mice with APOE4, alongside monitoring specific biomarkers to confirm HSV-1 activation status. Our expected experimental outcomes suggest that APOE4 accelerates latent HSV-1 activation, leading to heightened A aggregation. Thus, we hypothesize that APOE4 may expedite latent HSV-1 activation, thereby facilitating A accumulation and AD advancement. The investigation of relationship between APOE4, HSV-1, A, and AD progression could give valuable insights into further experiments and treatments of AD.
Unraveling the emergence and mechanisms of carbapenema resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Chen Jiaying , Jing Yifan , Yang Zizhou
Published: July 2024

The emergence and rapid spread of carbapene-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae has become a severe clinical concern. The acquisition of carbapenemase enzymes is a common mechanism contributing to resistance. Alterations in outer membrane permeability and upregulation of efflux pumps, have also been implicated. In addition, approaches to combat CRKP infections may involve the use of combination therapy, development of new antibiotics, scientific prevention and phase therapy which targets multiple bacterial mechanisms simultaneously. This review aims to look into the drug resistant mechanism and some possible therapies of anti-CRKP infection, provided valuable information on the mechanism of Carbapenem Resistance, enhancing the progress of novel strategies targeting CRKP.
Several synthetic pathways of morphine opioids
Authors: Wang Xinyue , Liu Yijin , Liu Yijing , Suo Catherine , Huang Yueying
Published: July 2024

Throughout history, painkillers have played an integral role in humans day-to-day lives. Used to relieve pain in various ways throughout the body, painkillers have gone through many years of development to keep up with the demands of modern medicine. More specifically, opioids, one type of pain killer that works with the human central nervous system, have been at an all-time high in demand. Its use for treating both acute and chronic pain is indispensable in medicine. However, the neural pathways associated with its pain-relieving effects make these substances highly addictive. In the past, morphine, one type of opioid, had been mainly grown and extracted in its plant form, opium poppy. But due to the highly addictive nature of these plants, numerous countries have strictly regulated the growth of any morphine plants, including China and Afghanistan. These regulations lead to the inability to obtain morphine-like opium through natural purification. Because of this, scientists have been in search of the most efficient and effective methods of synthesizing morphine. This review aims to provide the history, techniques, and further analysis of existing morphine opioid synthesis processes.
The effect of DNA polymeraseon autism tasted by aflatoxin B1
Authors: Dong Ziyi
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Since aflatoxins B1 can cause autism in mice by disrupting DNA repair and altering the stability of the genome, the study aims to see whether DNA pol alleviate autism tasted by AFB1, because of its DNA repair function. Whats more, the study would identify whether aflatoxins gene damage can be repaired by DNA polymerase . Methods: In this study, four groups of BTBR mice were selected. The positive group was normal BTBR mice, the other group was AFB1-infected mice, and the experimental group was AFB1-infected mice treated with DNA polymerase , the negative group was AFB1-infected mice which were treated with blank vector. RT-PCR was then used to detect changes in transcript levels as an indicator of whether DNA polymerase could be used to treat aflatoxins autism. Possible results: There are three main possible results: (1) DNA polymerase can cure autism completely. (2) DNA polymerase can cure autism partially. (3) DNA polymerase has no therapeutic effect on autism. Conclusion: The results will provide important insights into the treatment of autism with DNA polymerase . It will increase our understanding of DNA repair function to improve peoples understanding and improve human health. It also points a way to develop clinical treatments for people in autism with aflatoxins.
The activity of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway regulates A549 Non-small-cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cells motility through RhoAROCK1 pathway
Authors: Wu Jiahao
Published: July 2024

Purpose: It is observed that Nrf2 transcription factors initiate the production of proteins that play a role in regulating tumor growth, the study aims to discover whether Nrf2 will regulate cell motility in A549 NSCLC cells. The ROCK-RhoA pathway is a significant contributor to cell growth and migration, which can relate to cell motility. There might be a connection between Nrf2 and ROCK-RhoA pathway, the study aims to see whether Nrf2 regulates A549 NSCLC cell motility through ROCK-RhoA pathway. Method: The study will use wound healing assay to visualize cell motility, comparison is made between positive control group(A549 cells treated with brusatol) and negative control group(A549 cells not treated with brusatol), respectively representing the expression level of Nrf2 where it is inhibited or normal. The pathway by which Nrf2 regulates cell motility is studied by western blotting and chemiluminescence. Possible result: There are four main possible results: (1), Nrf2 regulates cell motility in A549 NSCLC cells, the pathway involved in this regulation is ROCK-RhoA pathway. (2), Nrf2 regulates cell motility in A549 cells, however, the pathway involved in this regulation requires further studies to decide. (3), There is no obvious correlation between Nrf2 expression level and cell motility, the inhibition of Nrf2 results in change of expression level of the ROCK-RhoA pathway, however. (4), There is no obvious correlation between Nrf2 expression level and cell motility, ROCK-RhoA pathway is not significantly affected by inhibition of Nrf2 expression, further studies are needed to decide pathways involved. Conclusion: The result of this study provides valuable insights for studying the role of Nrf2 in regulating cell motility and the pathway in the process. It would improve understanding of Nrf2 transcription factor, and how it interacts with pathways to carry out regulation of cell motility. The study also provides future possibilities in terms of cancer treatment and development of gene-based medicine.