bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gum Arabic nanoformulation rescues neuronal lesions in bromobenzene-challenged rats by its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective potentials
Authors: Almohaimeed Hailah M. , Waly Hanan , Abou Khalil Nasser S. , Hassanein Khaled M. A. , Alkhudhairy Basal Sulaiman M. , Abd-Allah Elham A.
Published: December 2022

Bromobenzene (BB) is a hazardous environmental contaminant because of its multiple routes of exposure and the toxicity of its bio-derivates. It could elicit neuronal alterations by stimulating redox imbalance and apoptotic pathways. Gum Arabic (GA) protected the hippocampus of a type 2 diabetic rat model from cognitive decline. Whether gum Arabic nanoemulsion (GANE) can increase the neuroprotectant potency of GA in fighting BB-associated neurological lesions is the question to be answered. To accomplish this objective, 25 adult male Wistar rats were randomly and equally assigned into five groups. Control received olive oil (vehicle of BB). BB group received BB at a dose of 460 mg/kg BW. Blank nanoemulsion (BNE) group supplemented with BNE at 2 mL of 10% w/v aqueous suspension/kg BW. GANE group received GANE at a dose of 2 mL of 10% w/v aqueous suspension/kg BW. BB + GANE group exposed to BB in concomitant with GANE at the same previous doses. All interventions were carried out daily by oral gavage for ten consecutive days. BB caused a marked increase in malondialdehyde and succinate dehydrogenase together with a marked decrease in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and lactate dehydrogenase in the brain. BB was accompanied by pathological deteriorations, amyloidosis, and reduced immuno-expression of integrase interactor 1 in the hippocampal region. Administration of GANE was beneficial in reversing the aforementioned abnormalities. These results pave the road for further discovery of nano-formulated natural products to counter the threats of BB.
Synthesize of Bi2O3/Gln-TSC nanoparticles and evaluation of their toxicity on prostate cancer cells and expression of CASP8, BAX, and Bcl-2 genes
Authors: Moradi Asal , Abdihaji Mohammadreza , Kouchaksaraie Sara Barari , Alkinani Tabarek Abdulrazaq , Mahmoudi Aida , Davoudi Arash , Dashtmiani William , Ghezeljeh Somayeh Mikaeili , Aghajani Shahrzad , Ghasemian Reza , Taramsari Somayeh Maghsoomi , Majlesi Amitis , Niyaki Zahra Mahdavi , Salehzadeh Ali
Published: December 2022

Due to the high prevalence and considerable increase of prostate cancer, finding novel therapeutic compounds for the treatment of prostatic cancer has been the goal of many researches. In this study, we aimed to fabricate the Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) NPs, functionalized with glutamine (Gln) and conjugated with Thiosemicarbazide (TSC). Then, the anticancer mechanism of the synthesized NPs was investigated using the cellular and molecular tests including MTT assay, Flow cytometry, Caspase-3 activity assay, Hoechst staining and Real Time PCR. The FT-IR and XRD assays confirmed the identity of the synthesized Bi2O3/Gln-TSC NPs. The size range of the synthesized spherical particles was 10–60 nm and the zeta potential was − 23.8 mV. The purity of the NPs was confirmed by EDX-mapping analysis. The Bi2O3/Gln-TSC was considerably more toxic for prostate cancer cells than normal human cells and the IC50 was calculated 35.4 and 305 µg/mL, respectively. The exposure to the NPs significantly increased the frequency of apoptotic cells from 4.7 to 75.3%. Moreover, the expression of the CASP8, BAX, and Bcl-2 genes after exposure to the NPs increased by 2.8, 2.3, and 1.39 folds. Treating the cancer cells with Bi2O3/Gln-TSC increased the activity of the Caspase-3 protein and apoptotic morphological features were observed by Hoechst staining in the treated cells. This work showed that Bi2O3/Gln-TSC has considerable cytotoxicity for prostate cancer cells and could inducing both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis.
Epigenetic age provides insight into tissue origin in endometriosis
Authors: Leap Katie , Yotova Iveta , Horvath Steve , Martinez-Agosto Julian A.
Published: December 2022

Endometriosis is a common reproductive disease with a heterogeneous presentation. Classification attempts have thus far not offered insight into its cause or its symptoms. Endometriosis may result from the migration of shed endometrium to the peritoneal cavity. However, there are cases reported in girls without uteruses and men. While a non-retrograde menstruation origin of ectopic tissue is certain in these cases, we explored the use of DNA methylation age (DNAm age) to distinguish between retrograde and non-retrograde tissue origin in endometriosis. Using publicly available DNA methylation data and Horvath’s pan-tissue epigenetic clock, we compared DNAm age and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) of ectopic lesions to eutopic endometrium of diseased and control endometrium. We examined EAA in cancer metastasis and teratomas to control for migration and developmental origin. Disease status does not change DNAm age of eutopic endometrium, but the effect of ectopic status was profound: − 16.88 years (p = 4.82 × 10–7). There were no differences between EAA of primary/metastatic tumor paired samples, suggesting that the observed effect is not due to tissue migration or ectopic location. Immature or mature teratoma compartments decreased DNAm age by 9.44 and 7.40 years respectively, suggesting that developmental state correlates with DNAm age. Ectopic endometriotic tissue exhibits decelerated DNAm age, similar to that observed in teratomas composed of multipotent tissue, but distinct from eutopic tissue. The migration process does not change DNAm age and eutopic endometrium is concordant with chronological age regardless of disease status. We conclude that DNAm age of ectopic lesions suggests a distinct developmental origin for a subset of lesions. This finding may assist in classifying endometriosis into distinct subtypes that may be clinically relevant.
Increased risk of cataract surgery in patients with allergic disease: a population based cohort study
Authors: Paik Ji-Sun , Han Kyungdo , Nam Gahee , Park Sun-Kyoung , Hwang Ho Sik , Chun Yoon Hong , Na Kyung-Sun
Published: December 2022

We investigated the association between cataract and allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma using 2,631,015 subjects’ data from the 2009 National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort in Korea. Each allergic disease was defined as three or more occasions of diagnosis within 1 year with dedicated ICD-10 codes. The primary endpoint was newly received cataract surgery during the follow-up period. In total, 447,883 subjects had at least one allergic disease. During the mean follow-up of 7.8 ± 1.7 years, newly developed cataract surgery was observed in 301,693 subjects (allergic group, n = 69,321; non-allergic group, n = 232,372). After adjusting for demographic characteristics (age, sex), systemic and ocular comorbidities, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking, regular exercise), the allergic group had a higher hazard ratio (HR) for cataract development compared with the non-allergic group. We further performed a subgroup analysis for patients regarding sex and age. In the subgroup analysis of subjects with AD, men aged < 50 years had a higher HR compared to women of the same age group. In conclusion, subjects with allergic diseases had a higher risk of cataract surgery than their counterparts, and the combination of AD and AR resulted in the highest risk. Particularly, the association was more evident in male than female patients with AD aged < 50 years.
Intensified modulation of the Pacific north equatorial current bifurcation by the southern annular mode since the early 1990s
Authors: Wang Li-Chiao , Lin Yong-Fu , Wu Chau-Ron
Published: December 2022

Long-term reanalysis data were used to assess inter-decadal to decadal modulations of the North Equatorial Current (NEC) bifurcation in the Pacific after the early 1990s. The wind stress curl anomaly (WSCA) in the region of 10° N–15° N and 160° E–170° E (C-BOX) had been found to excite Rossby waves and control NEC bifurcation along the Philippine coast. Our analysis revealed that the WSCA in the C-BOX has been remotely modulated by the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) since the early 1990s. It is shown that the SAM shifted to its positive phase at this transition and began strongly impacting the WSCA in the C-BOX and the NEC bifurcation. During the positive SAM phase after the early 1990s, strong climate variability occurred in the tropical to subtropical area of the North Pacific, with a clear footprint connected to the Antarctic region. Consistent with that finding, we determined that during the positive SAM phase, a dipole sea surface temperature pattern was generated in the South Pacific; this induced an atmospheric Rossby wave train in upper-level wind shear that propagated northward to the North Pacific. Such effects further enhanced downward motion and divergence at the surface, intensifying the easterlies in the equatorial area and the anticyclonic WSCA in the C-BOX. The anticyclonic WSCA in the C-BOX substantially excited downwelling oceanic Rossby waves at the surface, inducing an equatorward trend of NEC bifurcation after the early 1990s.
Surface modification of thin film composite forward osmosis membrane using graphene nanosheets for water desalination
Authors: El-Sayed Fatma Mohamed , E.A.Ali Mohamed , Isawi Heba , Abo Aly M. M. , Abo El-Fadl M. M. S.
Published: December 2022

In this study, the main motivation of this work is desalination of water for irrigation arid area such as Sidri- Baba basins- south Sinai, Egypt. Also, the novelty of this work is modification of TFC surface membrane by mix of HA, DA and GO to get high performance of FO technique. Interfacial polymerization was employed to modify a thin-film composite (TFC) membrane for forward osmosis (FO) applications; moreover, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets (GONs), a dopamine solution (DA), and naturally accessible humic acid (HA) were modified on a polyethersulfone (PES) substrate. The effects of the different quantities of GO, HA, and DA on the membrane surfaces, as well as their various cross-sectional morphologies and FO-desalination capabilities, were investigated. The integrated TFC membrane containing appropriate GO, HA, and DA blends outperformed the control membrane, obtaining high water flux, and high salt rejection. Furthermore,.
Effects of pain and depression on the relationship between household solid fuel use and disability among middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Jia Zhihao , Gao Yan , Zhao Liangyu , Han Suyue
Published: December 2022

Household air pollution (HAP) is suggested to increases people's risk of disability, but mediating mechanisms between HAP and disability remains under-investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms between household air pollution and disability in middle-aged and older adults (i.e., older than 45 years) using a nationally representative prospective cohort. In total, 3754 middle-aged and older adults were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were employed to estimate the association between HAP, pain, depression and disability. Finally, three significant mediation pathways through which HAP directly impacts disability were found: (1) pain (B = 0.09, 95% CI 0.01, 0.02), accounting for 15.25% of the total effect; (2) depression (B = 0.07, 95% CI 0.004, 0.02), accounting for 11.86% of the total effect; (3) pain and depression (B = 0.04, 95% CI 0.003, 0.01), accounting for 6.78% of the total effect. The total mediating effect was 33.89%. This study clarified that HAP can indirectly affect disability through the respective and serial mediating roles of pain and depression. These findings potentially have important implications for national strategies concerning the widespread use of clean fuels by citizens.
Relationships between resting-state EEG functional networks organization and individual differences in mind wandering
Authors: Krukow Paweł , Jonak Kamil
Published: December 2022

When performing cognitively demanding tasks, people tend to experience momentary distractions or personal associations that intercept their stream of consciousness. This phenomenon is known as Mind Wandering (MW) and it has become a subject of neuroscientific investigations. Off-task thoughts can be analyzed during task performance, but currently, MW is also understood as a dimension of individual differences in cognitive processing. We wanted to recognize the intrinsically-organized functional networks that could be considered the neuronal basis for MW dispositional variability. To achieve this goal we recruited a group of normal adults, and eventually divided the group in half, based on participants’ scores on the scale measuring dispositional MW. Next, these groups were compared regarding the arrangement of preselected intrinsic functional networks, which were reconstructed based on multi-channel signal-source resting-state EEG. It appeared that subjects who tend to mind wander often exhibited decreased synchronization within the default mode network, and, simultaneously, strengthened connectivity between ‘on-task’ networks of diverse functional specificity. Such within- and between networks integrity patterns might suggest that greater Mind Wanderers present an atypical organization of resting-state brain activity, which may translate into attenuated resources needed to maintain attentional control in task-related conditions.
A disposable and sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on a 3D-Mn-doped NiO nanoflower-modified flexible electrode
Authors: Yang Huisi , Hu Yian , Yin Xinxue , Huang Jiaqing , Qiao Cailin , Hu Zhikun , He Congjuan , Huo Danqun , Hou Changjun
Published: December 2022

Herein, Mn-doped NiO nano-enzyme composites with high catalytic performance and excellent conductivity were grown on 3D CFC via hydrothermal and calcination methods to construct an efficient flexible glucose sensor.
A high-energy all-solid-state lithium metal battery with “single-crystal” lithium-rich layered oxides
Authors: Yin Xin , Li Deyang , Hao Liangwei , Wang Yinzhong , Wang Yongtao , Guo Xianwei , Zhao Shu , Wang Boya , Wu Lingqiao , Yu Haijun
Published: December 2022

The “single-crystal” lithium-rich layered oxide (SC-LLO) material is firstly used to construct the composite cathode for garnet-based all-solid-state batteries, which exhibit the high discharge capacity of ∼226 mA h g−1 and good capacity retention.
Post-synthetic π-extension of perylene conjugated porous polymerviaAPEX reactions: tunable optical and gas storage properties
Authors: Ingle Dhiraj Siddhartha , Yadav Aditya Chandrakant , Kumari Kusum , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Babu Deepu J. , Rao Kotagiri Venkata
Published: December 2022

The post-synthetic π-extension of perylene based porous polymersviasequential APEX reactions with tunable optical and gas storage properties is described.
Atomic layer deposition of Pt nanoparticles onto Co/MoN nanoarrays for improved electrochemical detection of H2O2
Authors: Liu Jinzheng , Li Xue , Cheng Lidi , Sun Junwei , Xia Xiaomin , Zhang Xiaoyan , Song Yanyan , Sun Deshuai , Sun Jian , Zhang Lixue
Published: December 2022

A Pt@Co/MoN sensing platform was realized by atomic layer deposition of trace Pt onto a Co/MoN support, and the unique nanostructure endows it with a promising electrochemical detection capability towards H2O2 in real samples and in living cells.
A dual-functional Bi-doped Co3O4 nanosheet array towards high efficiency 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation and hydrogen production
Authors: Wei Tianran , Liu Wenxian , Zhang Shusheng , Liu Qian , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun
Published: December 2022

In this work, a Bi-doped Co3O4 nanosheet array grown on Ni foam was used as an efficient bifunctional catalyst, which shows high activity and good stability toward HMF oxidation and hydrogen evolution.
Organo-cyanamides: convenient reagents for catalytic amidation of carboxylic acids
Authors: Li Li-Jing , Zhou Zhong-Qiang , Liu Zi-Kui , He Yuan-Yuan , Jia Feng-Cheng , Hu Xiao-Qiang
Published: December 2022

An unprecedented DMAP-catalysed amidation of aryl and alkyl carboxylic acids with organo-cyanamides has been developed for the first time, enabling the efficient synthesis of a range of structurally diverse amides in useful to good yields.
The emerging chemistry of the aluminyl anion
Authors: Coles Martyn P. , Evans Matthew J.
Published: December 2022

The chemistry of aluminyl compounds has rapidly expanded since their discovery in 2018 and is evaluated in this summary.
Highly efficient copper-based halide single crystals with violet emission for visible light communication
Authors: Shi Yingrui , Liang Dehai , Mo Qionghua , Lu Shirong , Sun Zhe , Xiao Hongbin , Qian Qingkai , Zang Zhigang
Published: December 2022

One-dimensional K2CuBr3 single crystals are demonstrated for visible light communication with a high data transmission rate of 248 Mbps, which is more than 33-fold the −3 dB bandwidth.
Adsorbate-dependent phase switching in the square lattice topology coordination network [Ni(4,4′-bipyridine)2(NCS)2]n
Authors: Wang Shi-Qiang , Darwish Shaza , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: December 2022

The square lattice coordination network sql-1-Ni-NCS exhibits adsorbate-dependent switching pressures and sorption uptakes.
Dual additive of lithium titanate and sulfurized pyrolyzed polyacrylonitrile in sulfur cathode for high rate performance in lithium–sulfur battery
Authors: Takemoto Koshin , Wakasugi Jungo , Kubota Masaaki , Kanamura Kiyoshi , Abe Hidetoshi
Published: December 2022

Lithium–Sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted much attention as next-generation batteries due to their high theoretical energy density.
A comprehensive benchmark investigation of quantum chemical methods for carbocations
Authors: de Oliveira Marcelo T. , Alves Júlia M. A. , Vrech Natália L. , Braga Ataualpa A. C. , Barboza Cristina A.
Published: December 2022

We present an extensive evaluation of density functionals and other electronic structure methods as well as basis sets for carbocations using the CARBO33 benchmark set.
Alloying effect on the lattice thermal conductivity of MNiSn half-Heusler alloys
Authors: Rabin Daniel , Fuks David , Gelbstein Yaniv
Published: December 2022

The lattice thermal conductivity of MNiSn (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) half-Heusler (HH) alloys was studied.
Correction: Polyaniline nanorods dotted on graphene oxide nanosheets as a novel super adsorbent for Cr(vi)
Authors: Zhang Shouwei , Zeng Meiyi , Xu Wenqing , Li Jiaxing , Li Jie , Xu Jinzhang , Wang Xiangke
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Polyaniline nanorods dotted on graphene oxide nanosheets as a novel super adsorbent for Cr(vi)’ by Shouwei Zhang et al., Dalton Trans., 2013, 42, 7854–7858, https://doi.org/10.1039/C3DT50149C.
Structural evolution of TiN catalysts during mechanocatalytic ammonia synthesis
Authors: DeWitt Jacob A. , Phillips Erin V. , Hebisch Karoline L. , Tricker Andrew W. , Sievers Carsten
Published: December 2022

During milling in N2and H2, Ti metal is converted into TiN. Once formed, TiN acts as a mechanocatalyst for ammonia formation. The evolution of the structure and reactivity of the TiN catalyst with milling time are discussed.
Catalytic reduction of dinitrogen to ammonia using molybdenum porphyrin complexes
Authors: Hegg Alexander S. , Mercado Brandon Q. , Miller Alexander J. M. , Holland Patrick L.
Published: December 2022

N2 reduction to ammonia is catalyzed by molybdenum complexes of a bulky porphyrin, and the thermodynamics of the first PCET step are evaluated.
Sequential chemo–biocatalytic synthesis of aroma compounds
Authors: Ceccoli Romina D. , Bianchi Dario A. , Rial Daniela V.
Published: December 2022

We report an eco-friendly synthesis of 2-phenylethyl acetate and 2-phenylethanol from simple starting materials. The route involves a solvent-free aldol condensation reaction followed by a biocatalytic cascade.
Organophotocatalytic silyl transfer of silylboranes enabled by methanol association: a versatile strategy for C–Si bond construction
Authors: Wan Yi , Zhao Yumo , Zhu Jiajie , Yuan Qiyang , Wang Wei , Zhang Yongqiang
Published: December 2022

A visible light-induced organophotocatalytic silyl transfer strategy of silylboranes for the construction of C–Si bonds has been demonstrated, where methanol association with boron atoms enables the photocatalytic generation of silyl radicals.
A natural calcite reference material for microbeam Sr isotope analysis
Authors: Liang Peng , Bao Zhian , Yang Wenqiang , Zong Chunlei , Chen Kaiyun , Zhang Yan , Yuan Honglin
Published: December 2022

A natural calcite sample MNP is prepared as a potential reference material for in situ Sr isotope analysis.
Ni-catalyzed C–F activation to construct C–P bond with P–P(O) and P(O)OR mediation
Authors: Yang Jia , Fan Lei , Chen Chen , Wang Mingyue , Sun Bingqian , Wang Shuai , Zhong Hong , Zhou Yongbo
Published: December 2022

An efficient Ni-catalyzed C–F bond phosphorylation of active and inactive aryl fluorides via the crucial intermediates of P–P(O) and P(O)OR was disclosed.
To thread or not to thread? Effective potentials and threading interactions between asymmetric ring polymers
Authors: Staňo Roman , Likos Christos N. , Smrek Jan
Published: December 2022

Using computer simulations of a system of two unlinked rings we show and explain how the threading roles of the rings can be exchanged when their length and bending stiffness are varied.
A chiral BINOL-based supramolecular gel enabling sensitive enantioselective and chemoselective collapse toward histidine
Authors: Jiang Yixuan , Huang Zeng , Tian Jun , Dong Xin , Yu Xiao-Qi , Yu Shanshan
Published: December 2022

A water-induced chiral supramolecular gel has been prepared through intermolecular hydrogen bonding and asymmetric π–π stacking, and addition of Cu2+ realized chemoselective and enantioselective gel collapse toward l-histidine with high sensitivity.
Adaptive sliding mode control strategy based on disturbance observer and neural network for lower limb rehabilitative robot
Authors: Ma Yihang , Wang Jirong , Li Qianying , Shi Lianwen , Qin Yunhao , Liu Huabo , Tian Hongzhi
Published: December 2022

In this study, to achieve accurate tracking of the desired trajectory during passive control of the lower limb rehabilitation robot, an adaptive sliding mode controller based on disturbance observer and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is proposed for the lower limb rehabilitative robot in the presence of uncertain parameters and external bounded disturbances. First, the Euler–Lagrange dynamic model of the lower limb rehabilitative robot is described. Second, a sliding mode controller is designed to stabilize the system with an improved sliding mode reach rate under the assumption that all parameters of the dynamics model are known. To achieve a sliding mode controller without the above assumptions, the proposed adaptive RBFNN and the disturbance observers are employed to compensate for disturbances and the uncertainties in the robot's dynamic mode via feedforward loops. The Lyapunov stability theory is used to prove that the proposed controller has accomplished a significant control effect with excellent performance and the output tracking error can be converted to a very small neighborhood through reasonable design parameters. Finally, the performance of the controller based on the state feedback and state observer are demonstrated by numerical simulations, respectively.
A multi‐scale feature representation and interaction network for underwater object detection
Authors: Yuan Jiaojiao , Hu Yongli , Sun Yanfeng , Yin Baocai
Published: December 2022

Compared with natural images, underwater images are usually degraded with blur, scale variation, colour shift and texture distortion, which bring much challenge for computer vision tasks like object detection. In this case, generic object detection methods usually fail to achieve satisfactory performance. The main reason is considered that the current methods lack sufficient discriminativeness of feature representation for the degraded underwater images. A a novel multi‐scale feature representation and interaction network for underwater object detection is proposed, in which two core modules are elaborately designed to enhance the discriminativeness of feature representation for underwater images. The first is the Context Integration Module, which extracts rich context information from high‐level features and is integrated with the feature pyramid network to enhance the feature representation in a multi‐scale way. The second is the Dual‐refined Attention Interaction Module, which further enhances the feature representation by sufficient interactions between different levels of features both in channel and spatial domains based on attention mechanism. The proposed model is evaluated on four public underwater datasets. The experimental results compared with state‐of‐the‐art object detection methods show that the proposed model has leading performance, which verifies that it is effective for underwater object detection. In addition, object detection experiments on a foggy dataset of Real‐world Task‐driven Testing Set (RTTS) and the natural image dataset of pattern analysis statistical modelling and computational learning, visual object classes (PASCAL VOC) are conducted. The results show that the proposed model can be applied on the degraded dataset of RTTS but fails on PASCAL VOC.
Design of a non‐ferromagnetic spoke array Vernier permanent magnet generator with iron‐bar based on enhanced equivalent magnetic network model
Authors: Ghods Mehrage , Faiz Jawad , Rashipour Ehsan , Bazrafshan Mohammad Amin , Besmi Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2022

The spoke‐type arrangement of permanent magnets (PMs) in rotor of Vernier PM (VPM) machines was first introduced in a dual‐stator topology to overcome low‐power drawback of VPM machines. However, this structure is mostly applicable for high‐power motor drives. A non‐ferromagnetic spoke array VPM generator with a special rotor structure for small‐scale wind turbine generator is presented. The leakage flux lines tend to be aligned with the main flux routes due to a special design of flux barriers in end portion of PM housings. High torque‐density, low weight, torque‐speed curve with a wide constant torque region, promising efficiency, and power factor are the advantages of the proposed machine. An Equivalent‐Magnetic‐Network (EMN) model is established for predicting the complex behaviour of flux lines and operating quantities of the proposed structure with reasonable accuracy. The contribution of the modelling method includes a special mesh cell for the air‐gap permeance network to more accurately capture the flux routes, continuous positioning method for omitting spikes on post‐processing waveforms due to numerical errors, and a stable solving flowchart with a high convergence rate. The validity of the EMN model is validated by comparing the operating waveforms of the machine with the corresponding waveforms obtained by the finite element and experiments.

The cover image is based on the Research Article Design of a non‐ferromagnetic spoke array Vernier permanent magnet generator with iron‐bar based on enhanced equivalent magnetic network model by Mehrage Ghods et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12272.
Intelligent height measurement technology for ground encroachments in large‐scale power transmission corridor based on advanced binocular stereovision algorithms
Authors: Tang Zhong , Jia Chenglong , Wang Heng , Rong Shuaiang , Zhao Wenbin
Published: December 2022

To locate the ground encroachments in transmission line corridor effectively, the application of a novel binocular stereo vision (BSV) for distance measurement is realized with improvement and adjustment in calibration and reconstruction process of BSV. Firstly, a calibration method using a 1‐D pole with spatial constraints to replace the 2‐D calibration object is proposed. The field experiment shows that this method improves the accuracy of the calibration in a large‐scale scene by expanding the calibration area. Then, a regulation algorithm to eliminate the difference between focal lengths for binocular cameras is designed to further improve accuracy of calibration. For practical utilization of BSV in the monitor system, the 3‐D reconstructions from world coordinate system (WCS) to ground‐based system is achieved by rotation and transformation of the reconstructed coordinate system and direct height measurement is realized consequently. Further, based on the calibration method being proposed, the partial calibration with a reduced calibration distribution area is studied considering the probable complex terrain. Height measurement calculations are carried out on both hypothetical and real obstacles to verify the validity of the calibration method and postprocessing algorithms. The results demonstrated that the calibration method algorithms successfully realized the practical application of BSV in large‐scale scene with high accuracy. By using this novel BSV technology, the total transmission line inspection cost is expected to be greatly reduced by comparing with manned helicopter and UAV inspections.
FIMF score‐CAM: Fast score‐CAM based on local multi‐feature integration for visual interpretation of CNNS
Authors: Li Jing , Zhang Dongbo , Meng Bumin , Li Yongxing , Luo Lufeng
Published: December 2022

The interpretability of the model is a hot issue in the field of computer vision. Score‐CAM is a kind of interpretable CAM method with good discrimination and gradient free calculation. It is a representative work in this field. However, it has the disadvantages of long calculation time and incomplete heatmap coverage. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved Score‐CAM method named FIMF Score‐CAM, which can fast integrate multiple features. Its contribution is reflected in two aspects: The weight of the feature map is directly calculated by using the feature template. Unlike Score‐CAM, this model greatly saves computation time because it only requires one convolutional calculation. Another contribution is that the feature map used to generate the heatmap integrates various semantic features of the local space, so that the heatmap of the object of interest can be generated with more complete coverage and better interpretation. The FIMF Score‐CAM is superior to the existing mainstream models in interpreting the visual performance and fairness indicators of the decision‐making, having more complete explanations of object classes and the advantage of faster calculation speed.
Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS)
Authors: Fuente A. , Rivière-Marichalar P. , Beitia-Antero L. , Caselli P. , Wakelam V. , Esplugues G. , Rodríguez-Baras M. , Navarro-Almaida D. , Gerin M. , Kramer C. , Bachiller R. , Goicoechea J. R. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Loison J. C. , Ivlev A. , Martín-Doménech R. , Spezzano S. , Roncero O. , Muñoz-Caro G. , Cazaux S. , Marcelino N.
Published: December 2022

Context.Gas phase Elemental abundances in molecular CloudS (GEMS) is an IRAM 30-m Large Program aimed at determining the elemental abundances of carbon (C), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) in a selected set of prototypical star-forming filaments. In particular, the elemental abundance of S remains uncertain by several orders of magnitude, and its determination is one of the most challenging goals of this program.

Aims.This paper aims to constrain the sulfur elemental abundance in Taurus, Perseus, and Orion A based on the GEMS molecular database. The selected regions are prototypes of low-mass, intermediate-mass, and high-mass star-forming regions, respectively, providing useful templates for the study of interstellar chemistry.

Methods.We have carried out an extensive chemical modeling of the fractional abundances of CO, HCO+, HCN, HNC, CS, SO, H2S, OCS, and HCS+to determine the sulfur depletion toward the 244 positions in the GEMS database. These positions sample visual extinctions fromAV~ 3 mag to >50 mag, molecular hydrogen densities ranging from a few × 103cm−3to 3 × 106cm−3, andTk~ 10–35 K. We investigate the possible relationship between sulfur depletion and the grain charge distribution in different environments.

Results.Most of the positions in Taurus and Perseus are best fitted assuming early-time chemistry,t= 0.1 Myr, ζH2~ (0.5−1) × 10−16s−1, and [S/H] ~ 1.5 × 10−6. On the contrary, most of the positions in Orion are fitted witht= 1 Myr and ζH2~ 10−17s−1. Moreover, ~40% of the positions in Orion are best fitted assuming the undepleted sulfur abundance, [S/H] ~ 1.5 × 10−5. We find a tentative trend of sulfur depletion increasing with density.

Conclusions.Our results suggest that sulfur depletion depends on the environment. While the abundances of sulfur-bearing species are consistent with undepleted sulfur in Orion, a depletion factor of ~20 is required to explain those observed in Taurus and Perseus. We propose that differences in the grain charge distribution might explain these variations. Grains become negatively charged at a visual extinction ofAV~ 3.5 mag in Taurus and Perseus. At this low visual extinction, the S+abundance is high,X(S+) > 10−6, and the electrostatic attraction between S+and negatively charged grains could contribute to enhance sulfur depletion. In Orion, the net charge of grains remains approximately zero until higher visual extinctions (AV~ 5.5 mag), where the abundance of S+is already low because of the higher densities, thus reducing sulfur accretion. The shocks associated with past and ongoing star formation could also contribute to enhance [S/H].
Dynamics Twin Cannibalism of Two Predator and Two Prey System with Prey Defense
Authors: Pratama R. A. , Ruslau Maria F. V. , Suryani Dessy R. , Loupatty Martha
Published: December 2022

The study discusses the condition of the existence of all non-negative equilibrium points. There are 9 realistic equilibrium points from the constructed model. A local stable condition is obtained, a point of equilibrium that is completely biologically feasible. The analytical method on the mathematically formed model is limited, so numerical simulation is also given to explore the model. Numerical simulation is intervened in a model that will show growth in trajectories. The tendency of trajectories in prey one and predator one species is relatively the same because the interactions that occur are intensive. Likewise, prey two and predator two occur, and the interactions that occur cause population growth grow to fluctuate. Differences occur in both types of species, namely predator-prey one and predator-prey two. In the one interaction group, growth tends to be more volatile and moves slowly towards the point of stability in population growth. Incidence is inversely proportional to the interaction of species two which tend to be faster towards the stability point. In general, the results of numerical simulations show that there is a pattern formation in the predator-prey system that grows sustainabley.
Relationship Between Macroinvertebrate Diversity With Elements C and N in The Mangrove Forest of Wonorejo Surabaya
Authors: Budijastuti Widowati , Ambarwati Reni , Ducha Nur , Lisdiana Lisa , Rachmadiarti Fida
Published: December 2022

Conservation of mangrove forests can be supported by constantly analyzing the interactions of organisms in these habitats. Mangrove plants require C and N nutrients in high concentrations. Based on these nutrient requirements, it is hypothesized that there is also a correlation between the species and diversity of macroinvertebrates in mangrove forests with C and N nutrients. In this study, randomized purposive sampling was conducted to obtain macroinvertebrate species. The physical and chemical properties of soil and water were also measured in this study. The specimens obtained were then identified. In addition, an analysis of the content of C and N in soil and water samples was also carried out. Dominance and diversity analysis as well as statistical analysis were carried out to determine certain species that were resistant to a high concentration of C and N. In this current study 32 species were identified. The highest species diversity index was at station 1 (2.868) and the highest dominance index was at station 2 (0.182). Based on the test results for the highest C nutrient at station 3 (2.055) and N at station 4 (0.129). The relationship between macroinvertebrate diversity with elements C dan N is inversely propostional. The higher the diversity of macroinvertebrate, the lower the elements C and N.
Solketal from Glycerol, Aceton, and Ethanol Solution using Woifram Acid Phosphotungistic Catalyst
Authors: Mahreni  , Aji Lingga Sapto , Gunawan Setiawiyono , Ikhsana Mifta Aulia
Published: December 2022

Energy is a need of society and industry which is increasing every year. However, the world's oil reserves continue to run low, so the development of renewable alternative energy is needed. One of the new renewable energies that can be developed is vegetable fuel or biofuel. Biodiesel which is a type of biofuel is being widely produced recently. The cetane number determines the quality of biodiesel. Solketal is an additive added to biodiesel to increase the cetane number. The ketonation reaction was used in this study to obtain the solketal. In the manufacture of solketal a catalyst is needed to speed up the reaction and increase conversion. Phosphotungstic Woifram Acid (PWA) is a heterogeneous catalyst chosen because it can be separated from solution. Based on the results of the study, the optimal time for making solketal was 4 hours and the highest solketal conversion was at a reaction temperature of 60oC with a constant reactant mole ratio of 1:3:1 and a percentage of 2% catalyst, which was 66.7%.
Activated Carbon for Carbon Dioxide Gas Adsorbent
Authors: Utami Isni , Nurmawati Ardika , Dewati Retno , Susilowati Titi , Widji Triana Nurul
Published: December 2022

Carbon dioxide from the biogas resulted in vinasse fermentation should be treated. One of the methods that could reduce carbon dioxide was the adsorption process. A chemical and physical process could modify the characteristic of carbon and obtain activated carbon as an adsorbent. Chemical activation using H2SO4 ranged from 5% to 30%, and physical activation using pyrolysis at 400oC for 3 hours. The adsorption process was done by inserting 98.68% synthetic CO2 range from 0.002 to 0.0058 L/min from the bottom of the adsorption column with 5 cm in diameter and 30 cm in height. Chemical activation with 25% H2SO4 achieved the best result. Characteristics of activated carbon were analyzed using proximate and BET analysis, where the ash content was 3.93%, fixed carbon 80.015, the surface area was 5992.65 m2/gr with a total pore volume of 39.4620 cc/gr, and pore radius average was 2.6072 Å. The value of CO2 adsorbed was 99.939% at a gas rate of 0.0022 L/min.
Hydrolysis of starch from various tuber using acetic acid as an alternative sugar
Authors: Wahyusi Kindriari Nurma , Panjaitan Renova , Sholikah Ayu Maratus , Zakaria Vandim
Published: December 2022

In the beginning, tubers have only known as a source of starch. But later on, the existence of process innovation acquaints the other product from the tuber, such as liquid sugar. In this research, tubers such as ganyong, suweg, uwi, talas, and gembili were analyzed to know its potential as being material for a sugar alternative. The process included starch production and hydrolysis using an acid catalyst. Then sugar content and density were analysed using the Luff-Schoorl and pycnometer respectively. The results showed that the highest reducing sugar content was 2.8598% which was obtained in ganyong with 6% acetic acid catalyst. The lowest sugar content was obtained in the gembili sample (0.4816%) with the addition of an acetic acid catalyst of 2%. Besides, this research confirmed that the higher concentration of the acid catalyst, the higher the reducing content in sugar alternative from tubers.
An Analysis The Implementation of Distance Learning System to Support The Teaching Process At SMA/SMK Level in the Region of North Maluku
Authors: M. Effendi , Zainuddin  , Ahmad M. S.
Published: December 2022

Today learning in schools is starting to be adapted to the development of information technology, resulting in changes and shifts in the educational paradigm [1] This needs to be done so that the learning process does not seem less interesting, monotonous and boring so that it will hinder the transfer of knowledge [2]. At the beginning of 2020, the spread and transmission of the Corona Virus was increasingly spreading throughout the world. Rapid and massive transmission resulted in system changes in all aspects, both from social, economic, and educational aspects. Indonesia is no exception. To avoid the spread of this pandemic, various efforts have been made by the government to minimize the acceleration of the movement of the corona virus. Since the pandemic, the learning system in the world of education has undergone very significant changes. The government has explicitly issued a decision to implement distance learning by simultaneously utilizing technology so that the teaching and learning process continues. The big obstacle faced by most schools in North Maluku is that online learning support facilities are not yet ready. So that the majority of schools use teleconference applications as a medium to support distance learning. This research is intended to design an application that supports blended learning model learning. Blended learning is a learning method that combines two or more methods and approaches in learning to achieve process goals.
Arduino-based Dual Axis Solar Tracking System Prototype
Authors: Yantidewi Meta , Hadid Brilliyan , Dzulkiflih
Published: December 2022

Since solar energy is an infinite source of energy, it can be used as a suitable alternative energy source. One of the technological attempts to utilize solar energy is the use of solar panels. A solar panel is a device consisting of a series of solar cells that can convert sunlight energy into electrical energy. The generated electrical energy adjusts the intensity of the received sunlight. However, in its application, most solar cells are statically placed (not following the movement of the sun), where the position of the solar panels only leads to one specific preventing optimal absorption of the intensity of sunlight and resulting electrical energy generation. Therefore, we need a solar tracking system that can automatically control the solar panels to track the movement of the sunlight so that they can absorb the sunlight optimally. The solar tracker created in this research consists of monocrystalline solar panels, LDRs, INA219 sensor, Arduino board, and servo motors. Data collection was carried out for six hours on three consecutive days. According to this study, the greatest difference in power generated by solar panels occurs between 12:00 and 13:00 WIB, with an average value of active solar tracker power of 0.5 W and static solar tracker value of 0.34 W.
The Study of Soil Permeability Test for Landfill of Slag and FABA in The Area of Location 2 LB3 in The Regency of Central Halmahera
Authors: Muhammad Miftah , Alkatiri Hilda , Conoras Wawan Ak , Haya Arbi
Published: December 2022

One of the feasibility methods for landfill of nickel slag and FABA is the soil permeability test. Data of interpolation results from all areas consisted of 7 sampling points in location 2 LB3. The results of testing of Borehole on 7 points showed domination of sand-sized material with 74.40 – 86.10% (first meter) and 82.04 – 91.77% (second meter) compared to the clay and gravel materials. Interpolation results of permeability class in the area of Location 2 LB3 ranged from "slightly fast" to "fast" from a layer depth of 0-2 meters. Furthermore, the permeability class classification based on the Verruijt classification showed that the overall observed areas for location 2 LB3 were in the Medium Permeability class. This result was determined by the presence of sand-sized material which is more dominantly concentrated than gravel and clay-sized material.
4D Model Learning Device Development Method of the Physical Geography Field Work Guidance Book
Authors: Hariyanto Bambang , MZ Ita , SU Wiwik , Rindawati
Published: December 2022

This research is a development research that goals to provide knowledge and understanding about how to make 4D model learning media to implementing in Geography Field Work. The output of this research is the acquisition of mastery knowledge from students on how to use the Physical Geography Field Work Lecture Manual as a 4D model of learning media. The Physical Geography Field Work Lecture Manual in this study was compiled and developed based on the 4-D Thiagarajan model which consists of four stages: define, design, develop, and disseminate. The stages in this research are planning,data/information collection, design, construction, testing and analysis of results. This research on the development of the Physical Geography Field Work Lecture Guidebook, and provides benefits to students in an effort to improve their creativity, ability and field study skills so that in the future the research output in the form of this Physical Geography Field Work Lecture Manual is useful in supporting the learning and teaching process in the UNESA Geography Education Department.
Geomorphological Mapping of The Prambanan Hills Yogyakarta
Authors: Purnomo Nugroho Hari , Budiyantot Eko , Muzayanah  , Kurniawati Aida , Prasetyo Ketut , Dewi Magita Nastiti Sigra
Published: December 2022

Understanding geomorphological characteristics must provide morphographic, morphometric,morphogenetic, and morphochronological information. This study aims to identify geomorphological characteristics in the Prambanan hills area compiled in the form of a geomorphological map. The research is based on maps, previous research reports, and field observations in the form of field checks on theelements studied. The geomorphological mapping system used is the ITC system. The main analysis in this research is spatial analysis in the form of overlapping spatial data. The relationship between landform units,lithology, and slopes is information that is analyzed descriptively. The results showed that on a map with a scale of 1: 30,000, 9 geomorphological units could be identified. The 9 geomorphological units are a combination of morphometry, genetics, and lithology. The combination consists of 2 landforms, namelytraditional and structural hills, and slopes; The lithology consists of 3 layers, namely the Lapili Formation of Semilir, Sand Formation of Kebo Butak, and Tuff Formation of Semilir. While the morphometry is in theform of slope units, namely 8-15%, 15-25%, 25-45%, and >45%. While the age based on lithology is Late Oligocene – Early Miocene in the Kebo Butak Formation and Early Miocene – Middle Miocene in theSemilir Formation.
Diversity of Bacterial Isolates in Water Mangrove Forest Wonorejo, Surabaya
Authors: Trimulono Guntur , Lisdiana Lisa , Tri Asri Mahanani , Rijal M. Khoirul , Lailiyyah Hidayatul
Published: December 2022

Plastic waste can be seen in several areas in the Wonorejo mangrove forest, Surabaya, which is also a habitat for various types of microbes. Research on bacterial isolates from water samples in mangrove forests needs to be conducted to determine their diversity. This research was conducted to determine the diversity and dominance of bacterial isolates in mangrove forest waters. Each water sample was taken from a site that is regularly irrigated (station 1) and a site that is flooded (station 2). The number of bacteria in mangrove forest water samples was determined using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method and bacterial isolation was performed using the pour plate method. Subsequently, the bacterial isolates were characterized based on their colonies and observed for their dominance. The number of bacteria at station 1 was 4.85x102CFU/mL and 2.55x105 CFU/mL at station 2. Both stations showed bacterial diversity. However, several bacterial isolates with the same character can be found in both stations. Further research should be conducted to determine the potential of these bacterial isolates as plastic-degrading agents.