bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of Rice Resistance Gene OsNPR1 Against Bacterial Leaf Blight on Black Rice Cempo Ireng Cultivar after Salicylic Acid Treatment
Authors:   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Maulana Ikhsan , Triyaningsih Triyaningsih ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Nuringtyas Tri Rini ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada, Purwestri Yekti Asih ,   Universitas Gadjah Mada
Published: August 2021

Black rice is an alternative staple food better than white rice. It has lower carbs, but higher antocyanin compared to white rice. Nowadays, black rice consumption has increased, production needs to be increased to accomodate the demand. But, to our knowledge, there is lack of information about black rice resistance against biotic stresses, one of black rice cultivar is Cempo Ireng. This information needed for optimal Cempo Ireng cultivation. In this research, we determined chlorophyl content and analyzed OsNPR1 expression of three cultivars: Java14 (resistant control), Cempo Ireng, and IR64 (susceptible control), against Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo). All of them were sprayed with salicylic acid (SA) before inoculated with Xoo. IR64 24h had the lowest chlorophyll content (0,576 ± 0,066 mg/g), meanwhile Java14 72h had the highest content (2,358 ± 1,301 mg/g). However, all the cultivars did not show any correlation between them and time after Xoo inoculation. OsNPR1 expression did not show any significant change in Java14 and Cempo Ireng after being inoculation. However, IR64 showed increasing OsNPR1 in 72h and did not change in 96h after inoculation. It indicated that OsNPR1 played important role in IR64 resistance against Xoo, but not in Cempo Ireng and Java14.
Seasonal incidence of foliar diseases of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.Walp) and their eco-friendly management through shifting of planting time
Authors:   Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Roy Sanchari , Basu Amitava ,   Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya
Published: August 2021

A thorough study was conducted on foliar diseases of cowpea under widely cultivated cowpea producing areas of Nadia & Hooghly district of West Bengal. The areas were Mondouri, Jaguli Instructional farm, Muragacha, Rajberia, Chakdaha, Madanpur, Basantapur, Kalyani Incheck farm, Kalyani “C” block farm under Nadia district and Mogra under Hooghly district. The fixed plot survey was conducted during Pre-kharif, Kharif & Rabi season. Seven fungus has been isolated during survey period and these are- Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum capsici, Corynespora cassicola, Fusarium ciceri, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Curvularialunata. Among these pathogens, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum capsici,Corynesporacassicola found to be most dominating pathogen during Pre-Kharif, Kharif & Rabi season respectively.Shifting of planting time was carried out for avoiding the plant pathogen at a particular growth stage of the crop. Five cultivars (Kashikanchan, Triguna, Manikanchan, KSP-170 &Arkagarima) were selected for the experimental trial for three different seasons against the main dominating pathogens. For Pre-Kharif planting of cowpea, the 1st week of March, for Kharif planting time, 1st week of June were established as most profitable. During Rabi season for planting of three varieties viz.Kashikanchan, Manikanchan& KSP-170, 4th week of November and for Triguna&Arka Garima, 2nd week of November were found most profitable due to least incidence of diseases and maximum yield.
COVID-19: STIGMA SOSIAL DI MASYARAKAT
Authors: Wildanu Eka , Rianto Agus , Afnan Dikhorir
Published: August 2021

Abstract - The Government of Indonesia is still making various efforts to maximize the health protocol campaign in the form of testing, tracing and treatment of positive patients with Covid-19. Likewise, efforts to provide sufficient logistics and human resources to meet the needs of the inspection and tracing. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method. Basically, the research method is a scientific way of obtaining data for specific purposes and uses. The results of this study are that the stigma given. to. a person. or group. of people. often causes the recipient of the stigma to be discriminated against by the majority group, so that they feel rejected by their environment. The conclusion is that stigma can be eliminated through a massive and continuous health campaign in order to raise awareness about infection and high empathy to help anyone in need. 

Abstrak - Pemerintah RI masih melakukan berbagai upaya untuk memaksimalkan kampanye protokol kesehatan berupa pemeriksaan, .pelacakan,. .dan .perawatan.. .terhadap. .pasien. positif.. Covid-19.. Begitu juga. dengan upaya mencukupi. logistik serta .sumber daya. .manusia. .dalam. memenuhi.. .kebutuhan. pemeriksaan dan. pelacakan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pada dasarnya, metode penelitian merupakan cara ilmiah untuk mendapatkan data dengan tujuan dan kegunaan tertentu. Hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa stigma yang diberikan pada seseorang atau sekelompok orang sering kali menyebabkan penerima stigma diperlakukan diskriminatif oleh kelompok mayoritas, sehingga merasa ditolak oleh lingkungannya. Adapun kesimpulannya yaitu stigma dapat dihilangkan melalui kampanye kesehatan yang masif dan kontinu dalam rangka meningkatkan kesadaran tentang infeksi serta empati yang tinggi untuk membantu siapa saja yang membutuhkan.
RUMAH GADANG SEBAGAI LAMBANG DEMOKRASI SUKU MINANGKABAU DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Faturahman Muhammad Azhar , A H Muhammad Yusvado , Putri Silvia Rini
Published: August 2021

Abstract – The ethnic of Minangkabau is known for their competency in implementing social and cultural values. Minangkabau is one of the ethnic that is upholding egalitiarian and democracy system. One of their cultures related is deliberation to achieve consensus within the community. The deliberation process is done stagely by holding conferences inside one of their custom houses or known as gadang house. Gadang house is very symbolic to the Minangkabau ethnic and carries important social and cultural values. As is well known, deliberation or discussion  has an important role in Indonesia’s democracy system. This study aims to discuss and discover the meaning and values behind Minangkabau’s custom house and how it impacts the effectiveness of the deliberation process by its relevance as a symbol to represent democracy values in the Minangkabau community. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis by performing literature study. According to the result of the study, authors expect to expand insight and knowledge of Indonesian people with Minangkabau culture and its  implementation of democracy values in daily life.

Abstrak – Masyarakat suku Minangkabau dikenal sebagai salah satu suku yang memiliki menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai sosial dan budaya. Salah satu kebudayaan masyarakat suku Minangkabau yang erat kaitannya dengan demokrasi adalah pelaksanaan musyawarah untuk mufakat dalam. Musyawarah oleh masyarakat Minangkabau dilakukan secara bertahap dan dalam beberapa pertemuan di rumah adat gadang atau balai adat. Dalam konsep demokrasi di Indonesia, musyawarah merupakan hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna dari rumah adat gadang serta seberapa besar pengaruhnya sebagai lambang yang merepresentasikan nilai-nilai demokrasi pada masyarakat Minangkabau. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis dengan melakukan studi literatur. Dari hasil penelitian yang sudah dilakukan, penulis berharap dapat menambah wawasan dan ilmu pengetahuan kepada masyarakat Indonesia akan kearifan budaya Nusantara dalam menjalankan demokrasi di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN UU NO. 20 TAHUN 2003 TERHADAP PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sari Indah Mayang , Dewi Fisca Aprita , Fadila Nur , Rivadah Migfar
Published: August 2021

Abstract - The implementation of education policy can be interpreted as an action or carrying out a policy which leads to the education sector in order to achieve the desired goals. To achieve the desired educational policy objectives have a process in implementing education policies including 1) preparing for the implementation of education policies, 2) implementing education policies with a trial period, 3) implementing real education policies accompanied by supervision and control, 4) conducting an evaluation of education policies. education policy has characteristics to improve education by having educational goals, fulfilling legal-formal aspects, has an operational concept, is made by the authorities, can be evaluated, and has a systematic, later in implementing education policy itself it is necessary to know continuously or be concerned with various factors outside of education. namely political factors, legal factors, social factors, economic factors that directly or indirectly affect the educational policy program made, to achieve the desired implementation of educational policies and achieve defining objectives have strategies that must be mastered, namely communication, resources, disposition. , and bureaucratic structures. This is aimed at realizing the desired implementation of educational policie.

Abstrak – implementasi kebijakan pendidikan dapat diartikan sebagai suatu tindakan atau pelasanaan suatu kebijakan yang mengarah pada bidang pendidikan guna mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang diinginkan memiliki proses dalam melaksanakan kebijakan pendidikan meliputi 1) mempersiapkan pelaksanaan kebijakan pendidikan, 2) melaksanakan kebijakan pendidikan dengan masa percobaan, 3) melaksanakan kebijakan pendidikan yang nyata disertai dengan pengawasan dan pengendalian. 4) melakukan evaluasi kebijakan pendidikan. Kebijakan pendidikan memiliki cirri-ciri untuk meningkatkan pendidikan dengan memiliki tujuan pendidikan, memenugi aspek legal-formal, memiliki konsep operasional, dibuat oleh penguasa, dapat dievaluasi, dan memiliki sistematis, kemudian dalam melaksanakan kebijakan pendidikan itu sendiri perlu diketahui secara terus menerus atau peduli dengan berbagai factor di luar pendidikan yaitu factor politik, factor hokum, factor social, factor ekonomi yang secara langsung mempenfaruhi program kebijakan pendidikan yang dibuat, untuk mencapai pelaksanaan yang diinginkan kebijakan pendidikan dan mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan mempunyai strategi yang harus dikuasai yaitu, komunikasi. Sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokasi. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mewujudkan implementasi kebijakan pendidikan yang diingikan.
Virtualization and Cloud Computing versus organization management in the realities of Industry 4.0
Authors: Jurek Michał , Gelgotas Martynas
Published: August 2021

W świecie szybko postępującej digitalizacji oraz cyfryzacji i związanych z tym udogodnień, organizacje rozpoczęły przenoszenie swojej działalności do sfery cyfrowej. Pozwoliło to na utworzenie nowej koncepcji – Przemysłu 4.0, której głównym założeniem jest usieciowienie wszystkich czynności zachodzących w przedsiębiorstwach. Główną rolę w tym procesie odgrywać będzie możliwość wirtualizacji (np. sprzętu komputerowego) i dostęp do niego z dowolnego miejsca o dowolnym czasie przez interesariuszy (klientów, pracowników oraz inne podmioty zewnętrzne) za pomocą zintegrowanego środowiska zapewniającego odpowiednią moc obliczeniową (chmura obliczeniowa). Zjawisko to będzie generować nowe rozwiązania techniczno-technologiczne na polu szeroko pojętej automatyzacji procesów zarządzania. Poruszana problematyka znajduje szczególne zastosowanie podczas występowania różnego rodzaju zagrożeń (zewnętrznych oraz wewnętrznych), których powstawanie prowadzi do niemożności fizycznego (osobistego) prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej. Jest to szczególnie widoczne na kanwie ostatnich wydarzeń związanych z wystąpieniem pandemii koronawirusa (SARS-CoV-2), która wymusiła na wielu podmiotach (prywatnych oraz publicznych) przejście na model pracy zdalnej. By spełnił on swój podstawowy cel – zapewnienie ciągłości działania podmiotu – zostały utworzone nowe oraz rozbudowane już istniejące narzędzia wspomagające pracę zdalną, które oparte są również na wirtualizacji zasobów sprzętowych oraz chmurze obliczeniowej. By obniżyć poziom ryzyka, który wzrósł z względu na konieczność szybkiego dostosowania procesów zachodzących w organizacjach do formuły pracy zdalnej (zwiększone występowanie cyberzagrożeń), koniecznym staje się wykonanie analizy dostępnych rozwiązań narzędziowych w celu przygotowania odpowiednich rekomendacji (dobrych praktyk) możliwych do wdrożenia w każdym podmiocie (organizacji) publicznym lub prywatnym. W tym celu należy dokonać analizy danych zastanych (desk research) oraz przeglądu dostępnej literatury przedmiotu (w tym również dostępnej dokumentacji technicznej) by uzyskać katalog efektywnych rozwiązań techniczno-organizacyjnych.
Optimization of the Tungsten Inert Gas Process Parameters using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Pondi P. , Achebo J. , Ozigagun A.
Published: August 2021

Optimization is a very important techniques applied in the manufacturing industry that utilizes mathematical and artificial intelligence methods. The complexity associated with most optimization techniques have resulted to search for new ones. This search has led to the emergence of response surface methodology (RSM). The paper aims to optimize tungsten inert gas process parameters required to eliminate post-weld crack formation and stabilize heat input in mild steel weldment using RSM. The main input variables considered are voltage, current and speed whereas the response parameter is Brinell hardness number (BHN). The statistical design of experiment was done using the central composite design technique. The experiment was implemented 20 times with 5 specimens per experiment. The responses were measured, recorded and optimized using RSM. From the results, it was observed that a voltage of 21.95 V, current of 190.0 A, and welding speed of 5.00 mm/s produced a weld material with the following optimal properties; BHN (200.959 HAZ), heat input (1.69076 kJ/mm), cooling rate (72.07 /s), preheat temperature (150.68 ) and amount of diffusible hydrogen (12.36 mL/100g). The optimal solution was selected by design expert with a desirability value of 95.40 %.
Determination of best-fit isotherm model for the sorption of Lead (II) and Manganese (II) ions onto acid-activated shale using selected non-linear error functions
Authors: Ilaboya I. R. , Okpoko J. S.
Published: August 2021

The focus of this research is to apply the selected error function equation to establish the equilibrium isotherm model that best describes the adsorption of Pb2+ and Mn2+ onto acid-activated shale.  Data collected from the batch experiment were analyzed using selected isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Sips and Redlich-Peterson). To compute the isotherm parameters used in choosing the best-fit isotherm model, selected non-linear error functions, namely, error sum of the square, normalized standard deviation, hybrid error function, root mean square error and Marquardt’s percent standard deviation were employed. From the scanning electron microscope results, it was observed that the surface characteristics of the shale change considerably with calcination and acid treatment but the acid-treated shale shows better uneven porous surface characteristics. Error function computation shows that the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model had the least sum of normalized error of 0.3623 for Pb2+ adsorption and 0.5465 for Mn2+ adsorption; hence, it was selected as the best isotherm model for explaining the sorption of Pb(II) and Mn(II) ions unto acid-activated shale.
ANALISIS PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA MENYELESAIKAN SOAL TIPE HOTS
Authors: Sitanggang Natalia , Lukman Hamidah , Nurcahyono Novi Andri
Published: August 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal HOTS berdasarkan  taksonomi SOLO. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitataif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII  sebanyak 35 siswa kemudian dipilih 3 siswa dengan teknik purpose sampling  yang dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kategori yaitu kemampuan pemecahan masalah tinggi, kemampuan memecahan masalah sedang, dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah rendah. Instrumen  penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes berupa soal HOTS dan pedoman wawancara. Triangulasi yang digunakan adalah triangulasi metode dengan membandingkan hasil wawancara dengan hasil tes tertulis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah rendah mencapai level unistructural. Siswa memahami masalah secara terbatas dan melakukan penyelesaian terbatas berdasarkan sepenggal informasi sehingga kesimpulan yang diperoleh kurang tepat. Siswa dengan kemampuan sedang mencapai level multistructural. Siswa memahami masalah dan dapat merencanakan dan memilih strategi penyelesaian dengan menggunakan rumus Pythagoras, keliling dan luas layang-layang. Siswa juga melakukan penyelesaian namun siswa tidak dapat menghubungkan antara konsep matematika yang digunakan dengan informasi yang ada sehingga siswa tidak dapat menarik kesimpulan yang tepat. Siswa dengan kemampuan tinggi mencapai level relasional. Siswa memahami masalah masalah dan merencanakan serta meilih strategi penyelesaian. Siswa melakuka perhitungan dengan mengaitkan konsep matematika dengan informasi yang ada sehingga memperoleh kesimpulan yang tepat.
Map Whiteboard Cloud Solution for Collaborative Editing of Geographic Information
Authors: Charvat Karel , Bergheim Runar , Bērziņš Raitis , Zadražil František , Langovskis Dailis , Vrobel Jan , Horakova Sarka
Published: August 2021

For the purpose of exploiting the potential of cloud connectivity in geographical information systems, the Map Whiteboard technology introduced in this article does for web mapping what Google Docs does for word processing; create a shared user interface where multiple parties collaboratively can develop maps and map data while seeing each other work in realtime. To develop the Map Whiteboard concept, we have applied a methodology whereby we have collected technical and functional requirements through a series of hackathons, implemented a prototype in several stages, and subjected this to rigorous testing in a lab environment and with selected users from relevant environments at intermediate scale. The work has resulted in a fully functional prototype that exploits WebSockets via a cloud service to reflect map and data changes between multiple connected clients. The technology has a demonstrated potential for use in a wide range of web GIS applications, something that is facilitated by the interfaces already implemented towards mainstream mapping frameworks like OpenLayers and QGIS-two of the most popular frameworks for Web GIS solutions. Further development and testing are required before operationalization in mission-critical environments. In conclusion, the Map Whiteboard concept offers a starting point for exploiting cloud connectivity within GIS to facilitate the digitalization of common processes within the government and private sector. The technology is ready for early adopters and welcomes the contribution of interested parties.
Diagnostic role of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in oncology
Authors: Korol P. , Shcherbina O.
Published: August 2021

Tumor receptor-targeted diagnostic imaging is an area of research that identifies a biomarker that is overexpressed on the surface of cancer cells and binds its ligand to carriers, allowing imaging of the tumor process. The success of this approach depends on the selectivity of the receptor for certain malignant cells, as well as on its ability to specifically bind to the target ligand. This review examines the diagnostic role of the bombesin family of receptors, which focus on gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR), which are overexpressed in various cancers.
For tumors expressing GRPR, the diagnostic informativeness of the detection of both primary tumor foci and metastases is high. The well-known concept of tumor heterogeneity has led to the development of bivalent prostate cancer - target peptides with the ability to target two receptors.
Radiolabeled bombesin analogues are promising theranostic agents for tumors that express GRPR, which opens the possibility of early detection of primary tumors and metastatic lesions with high sensitivity and specificity. At the same time, further forward-looking clinical trials are needed to improve understanding of the relationship between GRPR expression and the biological behavior of different cancer cells.
Key words: gastrin-releasing peptide receptors, bombesin, theranostic, oncology
أثر الأئمة الضلال في حدوث البدعة في نظر علماء الشافعية
Authors: Muhammad Nur Ihsan
Published: August 2021

قد وردت النصوص الكثيرة من الكتاب والسنة في النهي عن الابتداع والتحذير منه، ومع ذلك قد وقعت البدعة في الأمة وانتشرت بين الناس سواء كان في العقيدة أو العبادة، وما أحدثت تلك البدع صدفة دون سبب، بل هناك أسباب كثيرة أدت إلى ظهور البدعة وانتشارها، ومن أعظمها الأئمة الضلال، كما ذكر ذلك علماء الشافعية وغيرهم، إذًا كيف أثر الأئمة الضلال في حدوث البدع وانتشارها بين الناس؟ فهذا البحث المتواضع محاولة في الجواب عن هذا السؤال وذلك من خلال نظر علماء الشافعية. وهذا البحث يعد من البحوث المكتبية التي تعتمد على المنهج الكمي (Kuantitatif) الذي يقوم بجمع أقوال علماء الشافعية من بطون مؤلفاتهم المتعلقة بهذه المسألة، وأما ما يتعلق بعرض البيانان وتقريب المعلومات للوصول إلى نتائج البحث فيستخدم المنهج الوصفي (Deskriptif) والاستقرائي  (Dedukatif) وتحليل المحتوى (Analisa isi). ومن خلال دراسة أقوال هؤلاء العلماء واستقرائها وتحليلها يمكن أن يلخص فيما يلي: 1) أن الأئمة الضلال من أعظم الناس ضررا على الدين، وأكبر أسباب ظهور البدعة، 2) وهم صنفان: علماء السوء والسلطان القاهر، فعلماء السوء يعترضون على الشريعة بآرائهم الكاسدة وأقيستهم الفاسدة المتضمنة تحليل ما حرَّم الله ورسوله وتحريم ما أحله الله ورسوله، وأنهم قدوة للناس، فإذا استقاموا استقاموا، واذا زلوا انحرفوا، كما يقال: إن زلة العالِم زلة العالَم،3) فالملوك الظلمة يعترضون عليها بالسياسات الجائرة، ويعارضونها بها ويقدِّمونها على حكم الله ورسوله، ولهم تأثير بالغ في أخذ الناس إلى ما يريدونه إيجابا وسلبا، كما يقال : الناس تبع لملوكهم.
منهج البخاري في رواية كتاب الحديث المؤلف قبله في كتابه " الجامع الصحيح" (دراسة على مرويات البخاري في جامعه من كتاب أبي الزناد عن الأعرج عن أبي هريرة نموذجا)
Authors: Hendri Waluyo Lensa
Published: August 2021

هذا البحث يتكلم عن منهج البخاري المتبع عنده  في إيراده لأحاديث الكتاب المؤلف قبل تأليفه صحيح البخاري  حيث أن البخاري لم يأت  من فراغ  قبل تاليفه  كتابه المشهور" الجامع الصحيح" فلقد كتبت الكتب والفت المصنفات قبله سواء كان في علوم التفسير أو الحديث أو الفقه أو السيرة فلقد أخذ واستفاد البخاري من المؤلفات قبله كتابة وحفظا.وأما المنهج الذي سأسلك عليه لإجابة المسألة السالفة هو المنهج الكمي والاستقرائي حيث أني أجمع وأسبر مرويات البخاري عن طريق أبي الزناد عن الأعرج عن أبي هريرة في صحيح البخاري مستخدما محركات البحث منها برنامج المكتبة الشاملة مستخدما لفظ " أبو الزناد أو أبي الزناد".

بعد أن  استخرجت مرويات البخاري من كتاب أبي الزناد عن الأعرج عن أبي هريرة فوجدت فقد أكثر البخاري رواية الحديث كتابية ( رواية الكتاب وليس مشافهة من حفظ الشيخ ) بلغ عدد الحديث الذي رواها البخاري من طريق( أبي اليمان عن شعيب عن أبي الزناد  عن الأعرج عن ابي هريرة ) 55 رواية.  وأما الذي رواه البخاري من طريق راوي الموطأ ( عبد الله بن يوسف عن مالك عن أبي الزناد  عن الأعرج عن ابي هريرة ) بلغ 28 رواية. وأما  الذي رواه البخاري من طريق راوي الموطأ (عبد الله بن مسلمة  عن مالك عن أبي الزناد  عن الأعرج عن ابي هريرة ) بلغ 7 روية. وأما الذي رواه البخاري من طريق راوي الموطأ ( إسماعيل بن أبي أويس عن مالك عن أبي الزناد  عن الأعرج عن ابي هريرة ) بلغ 23 رواية. وأما الذي رواه البخاري من طريق راوي الموطأ ( قتيبة بن سعيد عن مالك عن أبي الزناد  عن الأعرج عن ابي هريرة ) روايتان فقط. وأما الذي رواه البخاري من طريق راوي الموطأ (عبد العزيز بن عبد الله عن مالك عن أبي الزناد  عن الأعرج عن ابي هريرة ) واية واحدة.

وأما وأما الذي رواه البخاري من طريق علي بن عبد الله  عن سفيان بن عيينة عن أبي الزناد عن الأعرج عن أبي هريرة ) بلغ 4 روايات. وأما وأما الذي رواه البخاري من طريق قبيصة بن عقبة عن سفيان بن عيينة عن أبي الزناد عن الأعرج عن أبي هريرة ) رواية واحدة. وأما وأما الذي رواه البخاري من طريق عبد الله بن أبي شيبة عن أبي أحمد  عن سفيان بن عيينة عن أبي الزناد عن الأعرج عن أبي هريرة ) رواية واحدة. فمجموع مرويات البخاري من  كتاب شعيب عن أبي الزناد عن أبي هريرة في صحيح البخاري هو 122 رواية.إن البخاري في ايراده  روايته لكتاب ابي الزناد استخدم أصح الأسانيد عنده  الذي جاء من من طريق (أبو اليمان  عن شعيب عن أبي الزناد عن الأعرج عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ).  ومن منهجه في إيراده مرويات كتاب أبي الزناد عن أبي الزناد عن الأعرج عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن رسول الله  هو وضعه مرويات أبي الزناد بعد ترجمة الكتاب في صحيحه مباشرة أي في حديث  الأصول وهذا يفيدنا بأن عن أبي الزناد عن الأعرج عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن رسول الله من أصح المسانيد عند البخاري. فمن منهج البخاري أيضا في في ايراده  روايته لكتاب ابي الزناد أنه استخدم الإساد الواحد لكثير من الأحاديث وهذا طبعا وسيلة من وسائيل التيسير لحفظ بعض أحاديث صحيح البخاري بأسانيده.
TRADISI MUSLIMAH BERCADAR (Studi Living Hadis Pada Masyarakat Tegal Besar Jember)
Authors: Yuhadi Irfan , Nurul Budi Murtini
Published: August 2021

Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala makes a woman something beautiful in the eyes of men. One of Satan's temptations for men is a woman's problem. Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala also ordered the Muslim women to wear hijab by wearing a veil that could cover their heads and chests. Tegal Besar is a sub-district in the Kaliwates sub-district of Jember, East Java. The formulation of the problem in this study is about: (1) the driving factors and stages that are passed by Muslim women in wearing the veil, (2) the challenges faced and pleasures felt by Muslim women after wearing the veil, (3) hadith and atsar which make Muslim women to use veils. The approach in this study is to use a qualitative approach, with this research model is the study of living hadith.

The results of this study indicate that: (1) There are 7 driving factors for Muslim women to veil and there are 6 stages that are passed by Muslim women until they succeed in wearing the veil. (2) There are two challenges faced by Muslim women after wearing the veil, namely: accused of following cults and being criticized by people, but they also feel their own pleasure after they continually wear the veil. (3) There are texts on theorem that make Muslim women use veils, both from the traditions of the Prophet Shallalahu aih alaihi wa Sallam and from atsar from Sahabat and Tabi’in.
مفهوم الشاذ عند الإمام الحاكم رحمه الله وتطبيقه في أحاديث المستدرك التي حكم عليها الإمام الحاكم بالصحة والشذوذ معا
Authors: Nur Kholis bin Kurdian  , Muhammad Kurnaini
Published: August 2021

الأمر الذي دفعني إلى اختيار هذا الموضوع قول الإمام الحاكم رحمه الله في تعريف الشاذ اصطلاحا حيث إنه عرَّفه بتفرد الثقة. بينما الآخرون من العلماء كالإمام الشافعي و ابن الصلاح وابن حجر وغيرهم رحمهم الله عرفوا الشاذ بأمرين هما : تفرد الثقة مع وجود المخالفة لمن هو أولى منه. واعتبروا أن الشاذ من أقسام الحديث الضعيف, وأما مجرد تفرد الثقة بحديث فلا يحكم عليه بالشذوذ.

و أشكل علينا تعريف الإمام الحاكم بالنظر إلى غرائب الصحيحين, كيف يحكم عليها بالشذوذ مع أنها صحيحة؟ وما المراد بالشذوذ عنده هل هو مردود أم مقبول؟ وإذا كان المراد بالشذوذ تفرد الثقة كما ذكره في معرفة علوم الحديث فهل التزم الإمام الحاكم بتعريفه بعد تطبيقه في الأحاديث المحكوم عليها بالصحة والشذوذ معا في مستدركه ؟

فأقوم بتخريج الأحاديث التي حكم عليها الإمام الحاكم بــالصحة والشذوذ معا في مستدركه مع دراسة أسانيدها بعد جمع طرقها لمعرفة درجتها ومعرفة مدى التزامه بتعريف الشذوذ الذي هو تفرد ثقة عنده بعد تطبيقه في تلك الأحاديث.

والنتيجة التي توصلت إليها: أن الأحاديث التي حكم عليها الحاكم بالشذوذ والصحة معا في مستدركه ثلاثة أحاديث فقط. ودرجة تلك الأحاديث كما يلي: الحديث الأول أنه صحيح، تفرد به إبراهيم بن زياد وهو ثقة. والحديث الثاني: حسن لغيره، تفرد به جعفر بن برقان وهو ثقة. والحديث الثالث: حسن لذاته، تفرد به الهيثم بن حميد وهو ثقة. وقد التزم الحاكم بتعريف الشاذ الذي هو تفرد ثقة عنده. والله أعلم.
معالم الوسطية عند الأئمة الأربعة وتحقيقهم لها
Authors: Muhammad Nur Ihsan
Published: August 2021

الوسطية من أعظم نعم الله على هذه الأمة المحمدية، وهي بمعانيها الثلاثة: العدالة والخيرية والبينية تدل على شرف هذه الأمة وعلو مكانتها بين الأمم، وأن أول الناس دخولا في هذا الوصف من هذه الأمة هم أهل السنة والجماعة، وهذه الوسطية شملت جميع جوانب الحياة: علما وعملا وسلوكا ودعوة وغير ذلك. وقد حرص أئمة الإسلام على بيان مفهوم الوسطية ومعالمها وتحقيقها واقعيًّا في حياة المسلمين، ومن هؤلاء الأعلام: الأئمة الأربعة (أبو حنيفة ومالك والشافعي وأحمد). وهذا البحث إبراز لجهودهم المباركة في بيان ذلك، وأن حياتهم العلمية والعملية والسلوكية والدعوية كلها في الحقيقة أمثل النماذج لفهم الوسطية فهمًا صحيحًا وبيان معالمها بيانًا واضحًا وتحقيقها تحقيقًا عمليًّا. وهو من البحوث المكتبية القائمة على المنهج الكمي الاستقرائي التحليلي.

ويُستخلص من خلال البحث أن المفهوم الشامل الكامل للوسطية هو سبيل وحيد لجمع كلمة المسلمين وتوحيد صفوفهم، والعودة بهم إلى جادة الحق والعزة والتمكين في الأرض، وأن من المعالم والملامح التي تظهر من خلالها وسطية أهل السنة، الفرقة الناجية بين فرق الأمة ما يلي: 1) التمسك بالكتاب والسنة وترك البدعة، 2) اتباع السلف الصالح في فهم الدين والعمل به، 4) ضرورة الجمع بين العلم النافع والعمل الصالح، 4) ترك التعصب والتقليد، 5) حكم مرتكب الكبيرة، وأنه لا يكفر إلا إذا توفرت فيه الشروط وانتفت الموانع، 6) ومعاملة الحكام، وأنه يجب السمع والطاعة لولي الأمر في المعروف والصبر على جورهم وعدم الخروج عليه. وأن فهم هذه الأمور والتزامها في تلقي الدين والعمل به والدعوة إليه من أكبر أسباب السلامة والوقاية من الغلو والتطرف وأنفع الوسائل لمكافحتهما.
تقويم المفاهيم الخاطئة عند الجفاة في الدفاع عن النبي
Authors: Ali Musri Semjan Putra
Published: August 2021

وقد كثر الجفاء في زماننا بلا تحديد بالأمكنة ولا الأوقات، وكثر المارقون والمنهزمون من المنتسبين إلى الإسلاموغيرهم الذين يستهزئون بتعاليم الإسلام وقيمه وربما بالتطاول على مقام النبوة. وصور الجفاء كثيرة، سواء كانت في الوسائل الاجماعية أو وسائل الإعلام المقروءة والمشهودة أو حديث المجتمعات، وأشدّ جفاءً وتفريطاً في حقوقه نسبته إلى ما لا يليق بمقام النبوة كالطعن فيه وفي أهله وأصحابه أو الاستهزاء بدينهوسنته .فقام البعض بالدفاع عنه ولكن في الوقت نفسه لديهم مفاهيم خاطئة ومن هنا لابد من تقويم وتصحيح تلك المفاهيمالتي تنتشر في المجتمع المسلم بأدلة من الكتاب والسنة وأقوال سلف الأمة.وسلك الباحث في إعداد هذا البحث المنهج الاستقرائي والاستنباطي من خلال النصوص الشرعية من الآيات القرآنية والأحاديث النبوية ثم الرجوع إلى المراجع والمصادر الإسلامية التي لها علاقة بموضوع البحث.قد تناول الباحث نماذج من المفاهيم الخطئةعند الجفاة في الدفاع عن النبي ، منها: الدفاع مع ترك طاعته ، الدفاع بوضع الأحاديث المكذوبة عليه، الدفاع مع بغض آل بيته الأطهار، الدفاع مع سبّ أصحابه الأبرار، الدفاع مع تنقصه أو تفضيل غيره من البشر عليه. ومن هنا لابد من تنبيه المسلمين وتذكيرهم  في تلك المسائل حتى يسلكون المنهج الصحيح والصراط المستقيم في الدفاع عن النبي.
Taxonomic notes on the genus Ischnobaena (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae)
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Li Hu , Cai Wanzhi
Published: August 2021

The previously known species of the thread-legged bug genus Ischnobaena Stål, 1871 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Emesinae: Metapterini), namely I. dohrnii Stål, 1871, I. macerrima Stål, 1871 and I. staliana Wygodzinsky, 1966, are reviewed and diagnosed. Lectotypes are designated for I. dohrnii and I. macerrima. A new species, I. castroae sp. nov., from Mindanao Island in the Philippines is described and photographed. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners primarily by the unicolored fore tarsus and several male genital characters. A revised key to species of Ischnobaena is provided.
The unilateral gift economy conjecture
Authors: Vaughan Genevieve
Published: August 2021

I offer the conjecture that unilateral maternal provisioning constitutes a basic economic model for all with implications and a logic of its own. Market exchange is a derivative of this model, which contradicts it and creates its own area of life. The two models interact without our awareness because we have not taken unilateral gifting seriously. Renaming exploitation as the taking of unilateral gifts reveals another way to connect the dots between unwaged housework, surplus labor and ‘nature services’, and these are also connected to colonialism, corporate globalization and ecological devastation.
PROBLEMS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING IN HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT IN THE REGION (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA)
Authors: Bashkueva E. Yu.
Published: August 2021

The article examines the strategic planning of the healthcare industry in the Republic of Buryatia. An assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of the state program of the Republic of Buryatia "Healthcare Development" for 2019 is presented. The features and problems of developing strategic documents for medical organizations in the region are considered, proposals are formulated on the use of sociological and economic methods in their preparation.
ON THE POTENTIAL OF CONTROLLING IN THE MANAGEMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL DISTRICT
Authors: Kotlova Yu. A.
Published: August 2021

The article focuses on the possibility of using the controlling tools in the regional aspect. Currently, the development of the economy of the Far East and its regions is at the center of attention of the government of the Russian Federation. The development and approval of state programs "Socio-economic development of the Far Eastern Federal District" is a confirmation of this. Meanwhile, the stability, development, and competitiveness of the regional economic system are closely related to the level of interaction of its constituent functional subsystems, which determines the possible growth of its competitiveness. The development of the regional economy needs an array of information on the key parameters of functioning for making relevant and effective economic decisions, which can be implemented through the tools and methods of controlling and its accounting and analytical component.
TRADE INTERACTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST: ASSESSMENT OF COMPARATIVE INTENSITY
Authors: Izotov D. A.
Published: August 2021

In the long term, the regions of the Russian Far East traded more intensively with the domestic market than with foreign countries. The low values of trade intensity the Russian Far Eastern regions with NEA countries was compensated by low transport costs. This circumstance determined the export orientation of the Russian Far East in favor of nearby large foreign markets.
NATIONAL PROGRAM OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAR EAST AS A METHOD OF GEOSELECTIVE REGIONAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Sidorenko O. V.
Published: August 2021

It has been established that the current practice of territorial development management in the Russian Federation is ahead of the development of the theory of regional policy of the state and a new direction of selective regional policy has been formed - geoselective regional policy. Using the example of the National Program for the Socio-Economic Development of the Far Eastern Federal District, the mechanism of the implementation of the geoselective regional policy in the Russian Federation is shown.
X-Rays in Cepheids: XMM-Newton Observations of η Aql*
Authors: Evans Nancy Remage , Pillitteri Ignazio , Kervella Pierre , Engle Scott , Guinan Edward , Günther H. Moritz , Wolk Scott , Neilson Hilding , Marengo Massimo , Matthews Lynn D. , Moschou Sofia , Drake Jeremy J. , Guzik Joyce A. , Gallenne Alexandre , Mérand Antoine , Hocdé Vincent
Published: August 2021

X-ray bursts have recently been discovered in the Cepheids δ Cep and β Dor modulated by the pulsation cycle. We have obtained an observation of the Cepheid η Aql with the XMM-Newton satellite at the phase of maximum radius; the phase at which there is a burst of X-rays in δ Cep. No X-rays were seen from the Cepheid η Aql at this phase, and the implications for Cepheid upper atmospheres are discussed. We have also used the combination of X-ray sources, as well as Gaia and 2MASS data, to search for a possible grouping around the young intermediate mass Cepheid. No indication of such a group was found.
Detection of Aerosols at Microbar Pressures in an Exoplanet Atmosphere
Authors: Estrela Raissa , Swain Mark R. , Roudier Gael M. , West Robert , Sedaghati Elyar , Valio Adriana
Published: August 2021

The formation of hazes at microbar pressures has been explored by theoretical models of exoplanet atmospheres to explain Rayleigh scattering and/or featureless transmission spectra; however observational evidence of aerosols in the low-pressure formation environments has proved elusive. Here, we show direct evidence of aerosols existing at ∼1 microbar pressures in the atmosphere of the warm sub-Saturn WASP-69b using observations taken with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and Wide Field Camera 3 instruments on the Hubble Space Telescope. The transmission spectrum shows a wavelength-dependent slope induced by aerosol scattering that covers 11 scale heights of spectral modulation. Drawing on the extensive studies of haze in our solar system, we model the transmission spectrum based on a scaled version of Jupiter’s haze-density profile to show that the WASP-69b transmission spectrum can be produced by scattering from an approximately constant density of particles extending throughout the atmospheric column from 40 millibar to microbar pressures. These results are consistent with theoretical expectations based on microphysics of the aerosol particles that have suggested haze can exist at microbar pressures in exoplanet atmospheres.
A New Equation of State for Dense Hydrogen–Helium Mixtures. II. Taking into Account Hydrogen–Helium Interactions
Authors: Chabrier Gilles , Debras Florian
Published: August 2021

In a recent paper, we derived a new equation of state (EOS) for dense hydrogen/helium mixtures that covers the temperature–density domain from solar-type stars to brown dwarfs and gaseous planets. This EOS is based on the so-called additive volume law and thus does not take into account the interactions between the hydrogen and helium species. In the present paper, we go beyond these calculations by taking into account H/He interactions, derived from quantum molecular dynamics simulations. These interactions, which eventually lead to H/He phase separation, become important at low temperature and high density, in the domain of brown dwarfs and giant planets. The tables of this new EOS are made publicly available.
Excitation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission: Dependence on Size Distribution, Ionization, and Starlight Spectrum and Intensity
Authors: Draine B. T. , Li Aigen , Hensley Brandon S. , Hunt L. K. , Sandstrom K. , Smith J.-D. T.
Published: August 2021

Using physical models, we study the sensitivity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission spectra to the character of the illuminating starlight, to the PAH size distribution, and to the PAH charge distribution. The starlight models considered range from the emission from a 3 Myr old starburst, rich in far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation, to the FUV-poor spectrum of the very old population of the M31 bulge. A wide range of starlight intensities is considered. The effects of reddening in dusty clouds are investigated for different starlight spectra. For a fixed PAH abundance parameter q
PAH (the fraction of the total dust mass in PAHs with <103 C atoms), the fraction of the infrared power appearing in the PAH emission features can vary by a factor of two as the starlight spectrum varies from FUV-poor (M31 bulge) to FUV-rich (young starburst). We show how q
PAH can be measured from the strength of the 7.7 μm emission. The fractional power in the 17 μm feature can be suppressed by high starlight intensities.
Ultra-short-period Planets in K2. III. Neighbors are Common with 13 New Multiplanet Systems and 10 Newly Validated Planets in Campaigns 0–8 and 10
Authors: Adams Elisabeth R. , Jackson Brian , Johnson Samantha , Ciardi David R. , Cochran William D. , Endl Michael , Everett Mark E. , Furlan Elise , Howell Steve B. , Jayanthi Prasanna , MacQueen Phillip J. , Matson Rachel A. , Partyka-Worley Ciera , Schlieder Joshua , Scott Nicholas J. , Stanton Sevio M. , Ziegler Carl
Published: August 2021

Using the EVEREST photometry pipeline, we have identified 74 candidate ultra-short-period planets (USPs; orbital period P < 1 day) in the first half of the K2 data (Campaigns 0–8 and 10). Of these, 33 candidates have not previously been reported. A systematic search for additional transiting planets found 13 new multiplanet systems containing a USP, doubling the number known and representing a third (32%) of USPs in our sample from K2. We also identified 30 companions, which have periods from 1.4 to 31 days (median 5.5 days). A third (36 of 104) of the candidate USPs and companions have been statistically validated or confirmed in this work, 10 for the first time, including 7 USPs. Almost all candidates, and all validated planets, are small (radii R

p
≤ 3 R
⊕) with a median radius of R

p
= 1.1 R
⊕; the validated and confirmed USP candidates have radii between 0.4 R
⊕ and 2.4 R
⊕ and periods from P = 0.18 to 0.96 days. The lack of candidate (a) ultra-hot-Jupiter (R

p
> 10 R
⊕) and (b) short-period-desert (3 ≤ R

p
≤ 10 R
⊕) planets suggests that both populations are rare, although our survey may have missed some of the very deepest transits. These results also provide strong evidence that we have not reached a lower limit on the distribution of planetary radius values for planets at close proximity to a star and suggest that additional improvements in photometry techniques would yield yet more USPs. The large fraction of USPs in known multiplanet systems supports origins models that involve dynamical interactions with exterior planets coupled to tidal decay of the USP orbits.
A new species of the genus Cenocorixa (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Corixidae) from China
Authors: Xie Tong-Yin , Liu Guo-Qing
Published: August 2021

A new species of the genus Cenocorixa Hungerford (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Corixidae) is described from China. Cenocorixa yuanjiangensissp. nov. is reported from Yunnan Province. An updated key to the Chinese species of Cenocorixa is presented.
Florence Nightingale: Visionary for the Role of Clinical Nurse Specialist
Authors: Matthews Jennifer , Whitehead Phyllis , Ward Cindy , Kyner Marion , Crowder Terri
Published: August 2021

Florence Nightingale is well known as the mother of nursing, aptly recognized as “Lady in Chief”, immortalized as “the Lady with the Lamp”, and revered as a visionary and a catalyst for healthcare reform. Nightingale’s life and impact on patient care, nursing and nursing practice, and healthcare systems and organizations parallel the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) roles and three spheres of impact. In this article we highlight key events of Nightingale’s work that illustrate her calling and devotion as a nurse and review her observations of organizations and nursing practice and her famous twenty-month experience (1854-1856) in the Crimean War at the British Army Hospitals at Scutari. Nightingale’s critical thinking and problem analyses; implementation of interventions and positive outcomes; advancement of nursing practice based on evidence; detailed documentation and statistical analysis; and tenacious political advocacy to reform healthcare systems resembles the role of the CNS as an expert clinician, nurse educator, researcher, consultant, and leader in healthcare systems and policy creation. This article explores Nightingale’s contribution to nursing practice and education as a visionary for the role of the clinical nurse specialist.
Toward Reclaiming Our Ethical Heritage: Nursing Ethics before Bioethics
Authors: Fowler Marsha
Published: August 2021

American nursing has an extraordinary body of nursing ethics literature from the 1880s to the mid-1960s. This literature developed prior to the rise of the field of medical ethics (later termed biomedical ethics, then bioethics) in the mid-1960s, and bears little resemblance to its later counterparts. Early nursing ethics was nurse-centric; relationally based; addressed nurses’ ethical comportment in all roles; advanced the social ethics of nursing (especially in response to health disparities); and set forth ethical expectations for the profession as a whole. This first wave of nursing ethics is distinctive and differs significantly from contemporary bioethics, yet it remains grossly under-researched. It offers nurses a wise, comprehensive, generous, and learned ethics that deserves to be reclaimed for today’s nursing practice. This article will offer an author backdrop and an historical review of early nursing ethics literature; consider the nursing profession as a calling; discuss the pivot to bioethics and the Code of Ethics as anomaly.
The Contribution of American Nurses to the Evolution of the International Council of Nurses
Authors: Ferguson Stephanie , Benton David
Published: August 2021

As the nursing profession celebrates the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife, it is time to take stock of the contribution that American nurses and the United States have made to the evolution of the International Council of Nurses (ICN). American nurses were involved even before the conception of the organization and have played a significant role in its leadership and development. Nurses who have been active in the American Nurses Association (ANA) have often been heavily involved in various aspects of ICN governance and evolution. Additionally, several American philanthropic foundations and corporate donors have supported a wide range of ICN activity that has helped advance the nursing profession around the world. As we celebrate Nightingale’s legacy, we should also think about all the nurses who have brought us to this point from the past, and those collaborating today and tomorrow. Examining the contribution of American nursing highlights the fact that this collaborative effort of the world’s nurses is needed if we are to optimize access to services, quality of care and sustainability of the nursing profession.
Incidental Findings Coordinator: A New Role for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses
Authors: Siegmund Lee , Hamilton Aaron , Nespeca Thaddeus
Published: August 2021

Incidental findings are commonly found during routine, diagnostic imaging. Prevalence varies widely; but research shows that follow-up of incidental findings is poor. Further, incidental findings that are likely to change clinical outcomes are not necessarily more likely to receive follow-up care. It has also been shown that both lack of management and over-management can lead to poor patient outcomes. Innovative solutions are needed to ensure timely follow-up care and appropriate management of incidental findings. One possible solution to address low clinical follow-up care of incidental findings is to employ advanced practice registered nurses (APRN) as incidental findings coordinators. The coordinator would have the potential to improve communication and defragment care. The aims of this article are to discuss the problem of low follow-up care of clinically relevant incidental findings and to present a recommendation for a new role for APRNs to address the problem. In this article the authors will review the literature, describe the search for answers, present a new role for the APRN as an incidental findings coordinator, and conclude that the APRN incidental findings coordinator role has the potential to solve many problems encountered in current practice.
Nurses as Immigrant Advocates: A Brief Overview
Authors: Biggerstaff Mary , Skomra Taiyyeba
Published: August 2021

Nurses have both a professional and ethical responsibility to advocate for social justice and vulnerable populations. Immigrants are considered one of the most vulnerable populations in the United States and interact with nurses at all levels of the healthcare system. This article provides a broad overview of immigration and the immigration system in the United States and calls for nurses to practice individual advocacy for immigrant patients at the clinic. Included are practical ways that nurses can advocate for immigrant patients at the systems and state and federal levels.