ПОСЛАНИЕ СВЯЩЕННИКУ БЛАГОВЕЩЕНСКОГО СОБОРА СИЛЬВЕСТРУ В РУКОПИСНОЙ ТРАДИЦИИ: ВОПРОСЫ АТРИБУЦИИ
Authors: Л.И. ЖУРОВА 
Published: November 2024

В сборниках трудов Максима Грека, составленных русскими книжниками в конце XVI- начале XVII вв., находятся тексты, писателю не принадлежащие. Предметом настоящей статьи стали вопросы атрибуции Послания священнику Кремлевского Благовещенского собора Сильвестру - влиятельной личности в молодые годы царствования Ивана IV, активному государственному деятелю, публицисту середины XVIв. Приведены аргументы, указывающие на несостоятельность утвердившейся в науке точке зрения об авторстве Максима Грека. Не известны какие-либо сведения об общении Святогорца с московским священником, о знакомстве ученого инока с воеводой Никитой Борисовичем Колычевым и его семьей, ставшими персонажами сюжета Послания. Апелляции к адресату не соответствуют стилистике обращений Максима Грека к высокопоставленным личностям. Но установлены смысловые и текстуальные связи Послания с биографией и сочинением старца Артемия Троицкого. Высказано предположение о принадлежности ему настоящего памятника.

The author’s name in the title of a medieval manuscript text is not always a reliable reference for attributing the text to that author. The collections of works of Maximus the Greek, compiled by the Russian scribes in the late 16th - early 17th centuries, contain texts that do not belong to the writer. One of the literary monuments, considered the author’s text of Maximus the Hagiorite, is the Epistle to the Priest of the Kremlin Annunciation Cathedral Sylvester, who was an influential person in the young years of the reign of Ivan IV, an active public figure, and a publicist writer of the mid-16th century. The paper deals with the basic empirical constants of the monument attribution. It was preserved as part of the Trinity, Complete and Pomorye collections, along with the authentic Epistle of Maximus the Greek to Deacon Grigory. This proximity probably influenced the attribution of the Epistle to Sylvester to Maximus the Hagiorite. The paper presents arguments indicating the inconsistency of the point of view about the authorship of Maximus the Greek traditionally maintained by the humanitarian knowledge. The glorification of the addressee in the prescript of the Epistle to the Priest differs from the style of Maximus the Greek’s appeals to high-ranking persons. The Epistle to Sylvester contains the author’s request to the addressee for help to the widow and children of the perished military commander Nikita Borisovich, under whose name we must assume the voivode Nikita Borisovich Kolychev. There is no evidence of Maximus the Greek’s acquaintance with Kolychev’s family. But the name of a certain Nikita is mentioned in one of the untitled epistles by Starets Artemy. Nothing is known about communication between Maximus the Greek and Sylvester, and it is difficult to explain why Maximus the Greek could address Sylvester as his benefactor. At the same time, such a word would be understandable in the speech by Starets Artemy, who became the abbot of the Trinity Monastery on the recommendation of Sylvester. The above observations and certain stylistic features of the Epistle do not allow us to attribute the work to Maximus the Greek but allow us to assume the authorship of Starets Artemy.