bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure of Chiral Drug Prenalterol and Its Precursor Prone to Spontaneous Resolution
Authors: Bredikhin Alexander A. , Fayzullin Robert R. , Bredikhina Zemfira A.
Published: June 2022

Due to the chiral uniformity of proteins and carbohydrates, the basic building blocks of living matter, the mirror symmetry characteristics of drugs are of exceptional importance for medicinal chemistry. In this work, we present a new synthesis of the mono-enantiomeric chiral drug prenalterol 1 based on the symmetry-breaking phenomenon, namely, the spontaneous resolution of 4-hydroxyphenyl glycerol ether 2. The single crystal X-ray diffraction method was used to investigate both rac- and (S)-1 as well as (R)-2. A feature of the main crystal-forming supramolecular motif (SMM) for diol 2 is the participation of three different molecules representing different types of hydroxyl groups in the formation of its repeating unit. The type of prenalterol SMM, as in the case of the related drugs propranolol 3 and pindolol 4, appears to be a chirality driven property, and is dictated by the enantiomeric composition of the crystals. In single-enantiomeric forms, infinite one-dimensional chains are realized, organized around helical axes, while in racemates, zero-dimensional cycles are realized, organized around inversion symmetry elements. The results obtained again demonstrate the influence of the chiral polarization of a substance not only on the general (selection of a space group), but also on particular characteristics of matter crystal organization, namely selection of a specific SMM.
Key Component Capture and Safety Intelligent Analysis of Beam String Structure Based on Digital Twins
Authors: Zhu Haoliang , Wang Yousong
Published: June 2022

In the construction process of beam string structures, the environmental effect and corresponding mechanical properties of the structure are complex. The problem of the misjudgment of structural safety performance caused by the uncertainty of a structural mechanical parameter analysis under various factors needs to be solved. In this study, a method for capturing key components and an intelligent safety analysis of beam string structures based on digital twins (DTs) was proposed. Combined with the characteristics of DTs mapping feedback, a component capture and security analysis framework was formed. Driven by twin framework, multi-source data for structural safety analysis were obtained and the parameter association mechanism established. Considering the space-time evolution and the interaction between the virtual and real elements of the construction process, a multidimensional model was established. Driven by the Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory, the fusion of structural mechanics parameters was carried out. The safety of the structure was analyzed intelligently by capturing key structural components, thereby providing a basis for the safety maintenance of the structure. The integration of DTs modeling and multi-source data improves the accuracy and intelligence of structural construction safety analysis. In the analysis process, capturing the key components of the structure is the core step. Taking the construction process of a string supported beam roof (symmetrical structure) in a convention and exhibition center as an example, the outlined research method was applied. Based on DTs and D–S evidence theory, the variation degree of mechanical parameters of various components under temperature was determined. By comprehensively investigating the changes of various mechanical parameters, the key components of the structure were captured. Thus, the intelligent analysis of structural safety was realized. The comparison of data verified that the intelligent method can effectively analyze the safety performance of the structure.
Sequence Spaces and Spectrum of q-Difference Operator of Second Order
Authors: Alotaibi Abdullah , Yaying Taja , Mohiuddine Syed Abdul
Published: June 2022

The sequence spaces ℓp(∇q2)(0≤p<∞) and ℓ∞(∇q2) are introduced by using the q-difference operator ∇q2 of the second order. Apart from studying some basic properties of these spaces, we construct the basis and obtain the α-, β- and γ-duals of these spaces. Besides some matrix classes involving q-difference sequence spaces, ℓp(∇q2) and ℓ∞(∇q2) are characterized. The final section is devoted to classifying the spectrum of the q-difference operator ∇q2 over the space ℓ1 of absolutely summable sequences.
Geodiversity and Tourism Sustainability in the Anthropocene
Authors: Chakraborty Abhik
Published: June 2022

Geodiversity has recently emerged as a key idea for recognizing the value of abiotic nature. The concept has vital implications for informing tourism sustainability research; however, to date, tourism scholarship has not shown adequate engagement with this concept. The issue also assumes further significance in the Anthropocene, where our species has become a geological force. Here, through a review of key works related to geodiversity and Anthropocene, their interface is analyzed, and implications for tourism sustainability are presented. It is argued that, in the Anthropocene, it is no longer enough for tourism sustainability research to remain preoccupied with the human predicament in the Anthropocene or the decline of biotic nature at some prominent tourism destinations, and it is imperative that tourism scholars embrace the concern for abiotic diversity and dynamic earth processes that provide vital resources and services for tourism planetwide.
Biochemical and Metabolomic Responses of Antarctic Bacterium Planococcus sp. O5 Induced by Copper Ion
Authors: Cheng Ziyi , Shi Cuijuan , Gao Xiujun , Wang Xiaofei , Kan Guangfeng
Published: June 2022

Heavy metal pollution in the Antarctic has gone beyond our imagination. Copper toxicity is a selective pressure on Planococcus sp. O5. We observed relatively broad tolerance in the polar bacterium. The heavy metal resistance pattern is Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Hg2+ > Zn2+. In the study, we combined biochemical and metabolomics approaches to investigate the Cu2+ adaptation mechanisms of the Antarctic bacterium. Biochemical analysis revealed that copper treatment elevated the activity of antioxidants and enzymes, maintaining the bacterial redox state balance and normal cell division and growth. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates played dominant roles in copper stress adaptation. The findings suggested that the adaptive mechanisms of strain O5 to copper stress included protein synthesis and repair, accumulation of organic permeable substances, up-regulation of energy metabolism, and the formation of fatty acids.
Insight into the Molecular Mechanism for the Discrepant Inhibition of Microcystins (MCLR, LA, LF, LW, LY) on Protein Phosphatase 2A
Authors: Xu Yixue , Cui Jiyuan , Yu Huiqun , Zong Wansong
Published: June 2022

Microcystins (MCs) exhibit diversified inhibition effects on protein phosphatases (PPs) due to their structural differences. To fully evaluate the potential mechanism for the discrepant inhibition effects, the five most frequent MCs with varying residues at position Z4 were selected as the tested toxins. Their inhibition sequence on PP2A was detected as follows: MCLR > MCLW > MCLA > MCLF > MCLY. Combined with homology modeling and molecular docking technology, the major interaction parameters between the MCs and PP2A were obtained. The correlation analysis for the major interaction parameters and inhibition effects showed that the hydrophobicity of Z4 had an important influence on the interaction of the MCs to PP2A. The introduction of hydrophobic Z4 directly weakened hydrogen bonds Z4→Pro213 and Z4←Arg214, indirectly weakened hydrogen bonds Adda5←Asn117, Glu6←Arg89, and MeAsp3←Arg89, but indirectly enhanced ionic bonds Glu6←Arg89, Glu6-Mn12+, and Glu6-Mn22+. In this way, the combination of the MCs with PP2A was blocked, and thus, the interactions between PP2A and the Mn2+ ions (in the catalytic center) were further affected; metal bonds Asp85-Mn12+ and Asp85-Mn22+ were weakened, while metal bond His241-Mn12+ was enhanced. As a result, the interactions in the catalytic center were inhibited to varying degrees, resulting in the reduced toxicity of MCs.
Impact of Cultured Neuron Models on α-Herpesvirus Latency Research
Authors: Wilson Angus C.
Published: June 2022

A signature trait of neurotropic α-herpesviruses (α-HV) is their ability to establish stable non-productive infections of peripheral neurons termed latency. This specialized gene expression program is the foundation of an evolutionarily successful strategy to ensure lifelong persistence in the host. Various physiological stresses can induce reactivation in a subset of latently-infected neurons allowing a new cycle of viral productive cycle gene expression and synthesis of infectious virus. Recurring reactivation events ensure transmission of the virus to new hosts and contributes to pathogenesis. Efforts to define the molecular basis of α-HV latency and reactivation have been notoriously difficult because the neurons harboring latent virus in humans and in experimentally infected live-animal models, are rare and largely inaccessible to study. Increasingly, researchers are turning to cultured neuron infection models as simpler experimental platforms from which to explore latency and reactivation at the molecular level. In this review, I reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of existing neuronal models and briefly summarize the important mechanistic insights these models have provided. I also discuss areas where prioritization will help to ensure continued progress and integration.
Human Papillomavirus Detected in Oropharyngeal Cancers from Chilean Subjects
Authors: Oliva Carolina , Carrillo-Beltrán Diego , Boettiger Paul , Gallegos Iván , Aguayo Francisco
Published: June 2022

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) are the causal agents of an important subset of oropharyngeal cancers that has increased considerably in incidence in recent years. In this study, we evaluated the presence of HPV in 49 oropharyngeal cancers from Chilean subjects. The presence of HPV DNA was analyzed by conventional PCR, the genotypes were identified through sequencing, and the expression of E6/E7 transcripts was evaluated by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Additionally, to determine p16 expression—a surrogate marker for oncogenic HPV infection—a tissue array was constructed for immunohistochemistry (IHC). HPV was detected in 61.2% of oropharyngeal carcinomas, the most prevalent genotype being HPV16 (80%). E6 and E7 transcripts were detected in 91.6% and 79.1% of the HPV16-positive specimens, respectively, demonstrating functional HPV infections. Furthermore, p16 expression was positive in 58.3% of cases. These findings show a high prevalence of HR-HPV in oropharyngeal tumors from Chile, suggesting the necessity of additional studies to address this growing public health concern.
Immunogenicity of Varicella Zoster Virus DNA Vaccines Encoding Glycoprotein E and Immediate Early Protein 63 in Mice
Authors: Liu Jie , Lin Junyang , Cai Linjun , Sun Jie , Ding Xue , Wang Cenrong , Wu Yanchun , Gao Xiaoling , Su Weiheng , Jiang Chunlai
Published: June 2022

Herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by the reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) from the sensory ganglia due to aging or immunosuppression. Glycoprotein E (gE) is a widely used vaccine antigen for specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Immediate early protein 63 (IE63) is expressed during latency, suggesting that it is a potential antigen against HZ reactivation. In this study, HZ DNA vaccines encoding gE, IE63, IE63-2A-gE (where 2A is a self-cleaving sequence), or IE63-linker-gE were developed and investigated for immunogenicity in mice. The results showed that each HZ DNA vaccine induced VZV-specific antibody production. The neutralizing antibody titer elicited by IE63-2A-gE was comparable to that elicited by gE or live attenuated HZ vaccine (LAV). IE63-2A-gE-induced gE or IE63-specific INF-γ+ T cell frequencies in splenocytes were comparable to those of LAV. Furthermore, IE63-2A-gE, gE, or IE63 led to a significant increase in IFN-γ (IE63 stimulation) and IL-2 (gE stimulation) secretion compared to LAV, showing a Th1-biased immune response. Moreover, IE63-2A-gE and gE induced cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells compared to that of LAV. This study elucidates that the IE63-2A-gE DNA vaccine can induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, which provides a candidate for the development of an HZ vaccine.
Bovine Astrovirus—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zhu Qinghe , Li Bin , Sun Dongbo
Published: June 2022

Bovine astrovirus (BoAstV) is a small non-enveloped virus with a single-stranded positive-sense RNA. In 1978, BoAstV was first found in calf diarrhea fecal samples in the United Kingdom and since then it has been reported in many other countries. It has wide tissue tropism and can infect multiple organs, including the intestine, nerves and respiratory tract. Since BoAstV is prevalent in healthy as well as clinically infected bovines, and is mostly associated with co-infection with other viruses, the pathogenic nature of BoAstV is still unclear. At present, there are no stable passage cell lines available for the study of BoAstV and animal model experiments have not been described. In addition, it has been reported that BoAstV may have the possibility of cross-species transmission. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about BoAstV, including the epidemiology, evolution analysis, detection methods, pathogenesis and potential cross species transmission, to provide reference for further research of BoAstV.
Non-Productive Infection of Glial Cells with SARS-CoV-2 in Hamster Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures
Authors: Lamoureux Lise , Sajesh Babu , Slota Jessy A. , Medina Sarah J. , Mayor Matthew , Frost Kathy L. , Warner Bryce , Manguiat Kathy , Wood Heidi , Kobasa Darwyn , Booth Stephanie A.
Published: June 2022

The numerous neurological syndromes associated with COVID-19 implicate an effect of viral pathogenesis on neuronal function, yet reports of direct SARS-CoV-2 infection in the brain are conflicting. We used a well-established organotypic brain slice culture to determine the permissivity of hamster brain tissues to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found levels of live virus waned after inoculation and observed no evidence of cell-to-cell spread, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection was non-productive. Nonetheless, we identified a small number of infected cells with glial phenotypes; however, no evidence of viral infection or replication was observed in neurons. Our data corroborate several clinical studies that have assessed patients with COVID-19 and their association with neurological involvement.
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Is Associated with Uncontrolled HIV Viral Load in Non-Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients from Gugulethu, South Africa
Authors: Lambarey Humaira , Blumenthal Melissa J. , Chetram Abeen , Joyimbana Wendy , Jennings Lauren , Tincho Marius B. , Burgers Wendy A. , Orrell Catherine , Schäfer Georgia
Published: June 2022

In South Africa, high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 occurs primarily in densely populated, low-income communities, which are additionally burdened by highly prevalent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). With the aim to assess SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and its association with HIV-related clinical parameters in non-hospitalized patients likely to be highly exposed to SARS-CoV-2, this observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gugulethu Community Health Centre Antiretroviral clinic between October 2020 and June 2021, after the first COVID-19 wave in South Africa and during the second and beginning of the third wave. A total of 150 adult (median age 39 years [range 20–65 years]) HIV-infected patients (69% female; 31% male) were recruited. 95.3% of the cohort was on antiretroviral therapy (ART), had a median CD4 count of 220 cells/µL (range 17–604 cells/µL) and a median HIV viral load (VL) of 49 copies/mL (range 1–1,050,867 copies/mL). Furthermore, 106 patients (70.7%) were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive, and 0% were vaccinated. When stratified for HIV VL, patients with uncontrolled HIV viremia (HIV VL > 1000 copies/mL) had significantly higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity than patients with HIV VL < 1000 copies/mL, after adjusting for age, sex and ART status (p = 0.035, adjusted OR 2.961 [95% CI: 1.078–8.133]). Although the cause–effect relationship could not be determined due to the cross-sectional study design, these results point towards a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility among viremic HIV patients, or impaired HIV viral control due to previous co-infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Correlation between Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total Antibodies and Spike Trimeric IgG after BNT162b2 Booster Immunization
Authors: Salvagno Gian Luca , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

Objective: In this work we monitored both total and IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies responses after BNT162b2 vaccine booster immunization in a cohort of ostensibly healthy healthcare workers. Methods: The study population consisted of 266 subjects (median age, 46 years and interquartile range (IQR), 35–52 years; 168 females) undergoing homologous 30-µg BNT162b2 booster administration. Serum samples were collected immediately before the booster dose and 1 month after. Results: The concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibodies and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG increased by 31 (IQR, 16–53) and 22 (IQR, 11–43) folds, respectively, after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine booster. A highly significant Spearman′s correlation was found between the relative increase (i.e., ratio of post-booster and pre-booster serum values) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibodies and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike trimeric IgG (r = 0.86; p < 0.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that monitoring of post-BNT162b2 booster immunization for purposes of identifying “low responders” could be conducted almost interchangeably with either total or IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Perspective Technologies of Vaccination: Do We Still Need Old Vaccines?
Authors: Isaguliants Maria , Burt Felicity Jane
Published: June 2022

Until December 2019, we were living in the world of successfully functioning vaccines and vaccination programs [...]
Safety and Tolerability of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Cancer: A Single Center Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Nuzzo Amedeo , Manacorda Simona , Sammarco Enrico , Sbrana Andrea , Bazzurri Serena , Paolieri Federico , Manfredi Fiorella , Mercinelli Chiara , Ferrari Marco , Massaro Giulia , Bonato Adele , Salfi Alessia , Galli Luca , Morganti Riccardo , Antonuzzo Andrea , Cremolini Chiara , Masi Gianluca
Published: June 2022

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide challenging and threatening pandemic. Multinational, placebo-controlled, observer-blinded trials were conducted since the beginning of pandemic because safe and effective vaccines were needed urgently. In most trials of COVID-19 vaccines patients affected by malignancies or on treatment with immunosuppressive drugs were excluded. Patients and methods: A retrospective monocentric study was conducted at Medical Oncological Unit of Santa Chiara Hospital (Pisa, Italy) in this subset of population to investigate safety and tolerability of COVID-19 vaccines; 377 patients with solid tumor on treatment were enrolled. Vaccine-related adverse events were recorded using a face-to-face questionnaire including a toxicity grading scale. Most of the patients (94%) received mRNA vaccine as indicated by Italian health ministry guidelines. Mean age was 66 years (range 27–87), 62% of the patients were older than 65 years and 68% had at least one additional comorbidity. The majority (86%) of patients were in a metastatic setting and 29% received immunotherapy-based treatment. For statistical analysis, multivariate binary logistic regression models were performed and linear regression models were applied. Results: Adverse events were mild and transient and ended in a few days without any sequelae. No severe or uncommon adverse events were recorded. In multivariate analysis, we found that the female sex was associated with a greater risk of more severe and longer lasting adverse events, and a higher risk of adverse events was found for patients treated with immunotherapy. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccines were safe and well-tolerated in this population of patients being treated for solid tumors.
COVID-19 Vaccine Intention and Knowledge, Literacy, and Health Beliefs among Japanese University Students
Authors: Miyachi Takashi , Sugano Yuta , Tanaka Shizune , Hirayama Junko , Yamamoto Fumio , Nomura Kyoko
Published: June 2022

This study investigated the intention to get the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine and its associated factors among Japanese university students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to May 2021 via an e-learning platform at Akita University. Participants were 1776 graduate and undergraduate students who answered the survey on vaccine intention, the health belief model (HBM), sociodemographic characteristics, and concerns over COVID-19-related situations. Vaccine intention was stratified into active, slightly less, and no intention, and the associated factors were determined using the multinomial logistic regression model. Results showed that 56.7% of students had active intention, followed by slightly less intention (34.5%) and no intention (8.8%). After adjusting for covariates, healthcare course, perceived severity (life-threatening and serious social consequences), and perceived benefits from HBM were significantly associated with active intention, with adjusted odds ratios of 4.02 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11–7.67), 1.40 (95% CI, 1.16–1.69), 1.23 (95% CI, 1.04–1.46), and 2.03 (95% CI, 1.66–2.49), respectively; perceived barriers (side effect, troublesome, and parent disagreement) were adversely associated with active intention. The public health strategy to improve students’ vaccine uptake requires providing accurate information on vaccine safety and efficacy while removing any barriers to vaccination.
Evaluation of a Lipopolysaccharide and Resiquimod Combination as an Adjuvant with Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus Vaccine in Chickens
Authors: Sharma Bal Krishan , Ramakrishnan Saravanan , Kaliappan Abinaya , Singh Mithilesh , Kumar Ajay , Dandapat Satyabrata , Dey Sohini , Chellappa Madhan Mohan
Published: June 2022

Various toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have shown potential as adjuvants with different vaccines in both human and livestock species, including chickens. Our previous studies on combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; TLR4 agonist) and resiquimod (R-848; TLR7 agonist) showed the synergistic up-regulation of pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th2 cytokines in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs). Hence, the present study aimed to explore the combined adjuvant effect of LPS and R-848 with inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine in chickens. Two weeks-old SPF chickens were immunized with inactivated NDV vaccine along with a combination of LPS and R-848 as an adjuvant with suitable control groups. A booster dose was given two weeks later. Antibody responses were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, while cell-mediated immune responses were analyzed by a lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and flow cytometry following vaccination. Two weeks post-booster, the birds were challenged with a velogenic strain of NDV, and protection against clinical signs, mortality and virus shedding was analyzed. The results indicated that inactivated NDV vaccine with R-848 induced significantly higher humoral and cellular immune responses with 100% protection against mortality and viral shedding following a virulent NDV challenge. However, the combination of LPS and R-848 along with inactivated NDV vaccine produced poor humoral and cellular immune responses and could not afford protection against challenge infection and virus shedding when compared to the vaccine-alone group, indicating the deleterious effects of the combination on antigen-specific immune responses. In conclusion, the combination of LPS and R-848 showed the inhibitory effects on antigen-specific humoral, cellular and protective immune responses when used as an adjuvant with inactivated NDV vaccines in chickens. This inhibitory effect might have occurred due to systemic cytokine storm. A nanoparticle-based delivery of the combination of LPS and R-848 for slow and sustained release could be tried as an alternative method to explore the synergistic effect of the combination as an adjuvant in chickens.
Immunogenicity and Safety of an Inactivated Enterovirus 71 Vaccine Administered Simultaneously with Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine, Group A Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, Measles-Rubella Combined Vaccine and Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine: A Multi-Center, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial in China
Authors: Liu Xiaodong , Chang Shaoying , Wang Ruize , Xiao Yanhui , Li Fangjun , Xu Qing , Zhang Shaobai , Chen Xiao , Zhang Shangxiao , Zhang Min , Chen Xiaoqi , Cao Qingfan , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Hui , Zhan Daihong , Chen Haiping , Chen Wei , Jiang Jianyong , Zhang Chao , Wang Haijiao , Gao Lidong , Shi Xuanwen , Yang Xiaoming , Xu Aiqiang
Published: June 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the immunogenicity and safety of the enterovirus 71 vaccine (EV71 vaccine) administered alone or simultaneously. Methods: A multi-center, open-label, randomized controlled trial was performed involving 1080 healthy infants aged 6 months or 8 months from Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Hunan provinces. These infants were divided into four simultaneous administration groups and EV71 vaccine separate administration group. Blood samples were collected from the infants before the first vaccination and after the completion of the vaccination. This trial was registered in the Clinical Trials Registry (NCT03519568). Results: A total of 895 were included in the per-protocol analysis. The seroconversion rates of antibodies against EV71 in four simultaneous administration groups (98.44% (189/192), 94.57% (122/129), 99.47% (187/188) and 98.45% (190/193)) were non-inferior to EV71 vaccine separate administration group (97.93% [189/193]) respectively. Fever was the most common adverse event, the pairwise comparison tests showed no difference in the incidence rate of solicited, systemic or local adverse events. Three serious adverse events related to the vaccination were reported. Conclusions: The evidence of immunogenicity and safety supports that the EV71 vaccine administered simultaneously with vaccines need to be administered during the same period of time recommended in China.
Prevalence and Characterisation of Multiresistant Bacterial Strains Isolated in Pigs from the Island of Tenerife
Authors: Abreu Rossana , Rodríguez-Álvarez Cristobalina , Castro-Hernandez Beatriz , Lecuona-Fernández Maria , González Juan Carlos , Rodríguez-Novo Yurena , Arias Rodríguez Maria de los Angeles
Published: June 2022

Background: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can circulate among human and animal populations through direct contact with animals, as well as via food and the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and characterisation of multiresistant bacteria in pig samples. Methods: 224 samples of pig livestock were taken at the slaughterhouse on the island of Tenerife. A nasal and a rectal sample were collected from each pig. The presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (MRCoNS), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (BLEE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was investigated. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were characterised by specific PCRs depending on the microorganism to be studied, and in vitro antimicrobial resistance was determined using the broth microdilution method (Vitek®2 system bioMérieux®, Nurtingen, Germany). Results: MRSA prevalence was 73.21% (164 isolates). MRCoNS prevalence was 9.8% (22 isolates), S. sciuri being the prevalent species. Six isolates presented a 2.7% prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (BLEE) in the CTX-M-1 group. No vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), or colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. Conclusion: we found a high presence of multiresistant bacteria, suggesting the need for increased control and surveillance of this type of strains in pig livestock and a better understanding of the possible transmission routes of these microorganisms through livestock products.
The Discharge Forecasting of Multiple Monitoring Station for Humber River by Hybrid LSTM Models
Authors: Zhang Yue , Gu Zhaohui , Thé Jesse Van Griensven , Yang Simon X. , Gharabaghi Bahram
Published: June 2022

An early warning flood forecasting system that uses machine-learning models can be utilized for saving lives from floods, which are now exacerbated due to climate change. Flood forecasting is carried out by determining the river discharge and water level using hydrologic models at the target sites. If the water level and discharge are forecasted to reach dangerous levels, the flood forecasting system sends warning messages to residents in flood-prone areas. In the past, hybrid Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models have been successfully used for the time series forecasting. However, the prediction errors grow exponentially with the forecasting period, making the forecast unreliable as an early warning tool with enough lead time. Therefore, this research aimed to improve the accuracy of flood forecasting models by employing real-time monitoring network datasets and establishing temporal and spatial links between adjacent monitoring stations. We evaluated the performance of the LSTM, the Convolutional Neural Networks LSTM (CNN-LSTM), the Convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM), and the Spatio-Temporal Attention LSTM (STA-LSTM) models for flood forecasting. The dataset, employed for validation, includes hourly discharge records, from 2012 to 2017, on six stations of the Humber River in the City of Toronto, Canada. Experiments included forecasting for both 6 and 12 h ahead, using discharge data as input for the past 24 h. The STA-LSTM model’s performance was superior to the CNN-LSTM, the ConvLSTM, and the basic LSTM models when the forecast time was longer than 6 h.
Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Quality of Isatis indigotica in a Cold and Arid Environment
Authors: Wang Yucai , Zhang Hengjia , He Zhongsheng , Li Fuqiang , Wang Zeyi , Zhou Chenli , Han Yi , Lei Lian
Published: June 2022

Although regulated deficit irrigation may improve crop yields, little research has been conducted on the effects of water deficits on Isatis indigotica, a popular herbal medicine. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to study the effects of regulated deficit irrigation on the net photosynthetic rate, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and quality of I. indigotica in northwest China. Plants at the vegetative and fleshy root growth stages were subjected to mild, moderate, and severe water deficits, and their photosynthetic physiological indexes, yield, and WUE were measured. Moderate and severe deficits, but not a mild deficit, significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation. The yield and WUE under mild deficit were markedly higher, reaching 8239.56 kg·ha−2 and 8390.80 kg·ha−2, respectively, in the vegetative stage and 24.11 kg·ha−2·mm−1 and 23.62 kg·ha−2·mm−1, respectively, in the fleshy root growth stage, while severe deficits significantly reduced yield and WUE. Mild and moderate deficits increased the content of (R,S)-goitrin, indirubin, and indigo, improving root quality, but severe deficits decreased these compounds. Therefore, a mild water deficit in the vegetative and fleshy root growth stages is optimal and can reduce water consumption and improve I. indigotica quality and WUE without reducing yield.
Effective Removal of Humic Acid by Zr-MOFs with Surface Modification
Authors: Jiang Yuankang , Wang Zhenggang , Zhu Zhiping , He Mingpeng , Zhou Pan
Published: June 2022

Humic acid (HA) in makeup water is one of the important safety issues of high-parameter power plants. Herein, the Zr-based metal organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) were applied to remove humic acid in water. The mesoporous and active sites of Zr-MOFs were controlled by different ratios of ligands to increase the adsorption of HA. The maximum adsorption capacity was 150.15 mg g−1. The morphology and adsorption properties of the Zr-MOFs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface charge, Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR), N2 adsorption-desorption and adsorption test. The adsorption process of HA accorded with the pseudo-second-order kinetics, while the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Langmuir model and the adsorption was proved to be a spontaneous and endothermic process. Physical adsorption by the mesoporous materials and the hydrogen bonding interactions between the Zr-MOFs and HA were the driving forces of HA adsorption. These results provided useful information for the effective removal of HA and enhanced our understanding of the adsorption mechanism of HA on Zr-MOFs.
Numerical Investigation of Sediment Flushing and Morphological Changes in Tamsui River Estuary through Monsoons and Typhoons
Authors: Hsieh Tung-Chou , Ding Yan , Yeh Keh-Chia , Jhong Ren-Kai
Published: June 2022

The removal of reservoir silt and the restoration of existing reservoir capacities through land excavation and hydraulic sediment flushing have become necessary. Hydraulic sediment flushing discharge changes flow and sediment conditions of the downstream river channel. In the Tamsui River estuary in Taiwan, sediment flushing from the Shihmen reservoir upstream has potential impacts on the morphology of the navigation channels and the adjacent coasts. This study employed a validated coastal and estuarine processes model to investigate: (1) the influence of sediment flushing and tidal levels on morphological changes during flood and flushing-discharge operations of the reservoir, and (2) the differences in morphological changes on the estuary between monsoon and typhoon seasons. The prediction of the morphological changes was carried out by simulating hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes under multi-year synthetic conditions combined by northeast monsoon and three historical typhoon events. The simulation results reveal that during the operation of sediment flushing when the peak discharge of river flood flow reaches the estuary section at ebb tides, more sediment can be transported to the open sea than that at flood tides. Additionally, the nature reserve area on the left bank of the estuary is eroded during monsoon and silted in typhoon seasons.
Predictors of Variations in Residential Water Consumption in Central Texas
Authors: Potter Lloyd B. , Tremaine Darrel M. , Banner Jay L.
Published: June 2022

Background: The 100th Meridian in Texas aligns with a corridor of large and rapidly growing urban areas with a growing water demand and limited supply. Understanding the variations in residential water consumption may assist with identifying the characteristics associated with disproportionate water consumption that may be responsive to policy changes and enforcement. Methods: Data from the San Antonio Water System, the Bexar County Appraisal District, and the American Community Survey were utilized. The average daily water consumption was estimated for the seasons and a total year for more than 300,000 single-family residences between 2009 and 2015. The presence of a swimming pool, residential parcel hectares, size of the living space, and per capita income were examined as predictors of the variations in residential water consumption using hierarchal modeling. Results: The presence of swimming pools and a residential property’s value were the strongest predictors of water consumption. Parcel hectares and household income were positively associated with water consumption. A quartile analysis of select independent variables identified the disproportionate variations of water consumption of units with large yards, swimming pools, and high values. Conclusions: The findings indicate a strong association between variations in residential water consumption and both irrigation and swimming pool water used, which emphasize a need to focus conservation efforts on higher-valued housing and residences with swimming pools and the consideration of tiered pricing.
Special Issue “Salinization of Water Resources: Ongoing and Future Trends”
Authors: Colombani Nicolò
Published: June 2022

All over the Earth, more and more studies have shown the effects of climate changes generated by anthropic release of greenhouse gasses on the hydrological cycle [...]
Methodology of social sciences and humanities: Ideas and technologies of research skill and art
Authors:   journal “Questions of cultural studies”, Moscow, Agoshkov A.V..
Published: June 2022

Review of the textbook of I.V. Ponkin and, A.I. Lapteva “Methodology of scientific research and practical analytics” (third edition, Moscow, 2022).
The quality of the intellectual elite as a problem of Russia's national security
Authors:   Institute of Problems of Informatics, Federal Research Center ", Kolin Konstantin Konstantinovich ,   Informatics and Management",   of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for Strategic Humanitarian Studies, Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, Moscow University for the Humanities
Published: June 2022

The current state of the intellectual elite of Russia is considered and it is demonstrated that today its quality is the most important factor in ensuring the national security of the country. In modern conditions of the civilization development, when the international geopolitical situation is aggravated, and the complex of global challenges and threats of the 21st century is rapidly growing, the role of the intellectual elite becomes decisive. It is the intellectual elite who should ensure the mobilization and cohesion of society in the face of global threats, find ways and means of solving the global problems of our time and promote an adequate orientation of public consciousness. A special role in solving these problems belongs to specialists in the field of culture and art, as well as the Russian media. The article shows the main reasons for the degradation of the intellectual potential of modern society and formulates recommendations for public authorities and the scientific and educational community of Russia to counter the further development of this threat.
Fundamentals of Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation
Authors: Yee Jerry , Frinak Stan , Mohiuddin Naushaba , Uduman Junior
Published: June 2022

Acid-base disturbances in patients with cardiopulmonary or other disorders are common and are often misinterpreted or interpreted incompletely. Treating acid-base disorders in greater detail facilitates pathophysiologic understanding and improved therapeutic planning. Understanding the ratiometric relationship between the lungs, which excrete volatile acid as carbon dioxide, and the kidneys, which contribute to maintenance of plasma bicarbonate, allows precise identification of the dominant acid-base disturbance when more than a simple disorder is present and aids in executing a measured treatment response. Concordantly, mapping paired values of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and the bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3
–]) on a Cartesian coordinate system visually defines an acid-base disorder and validates the ratiometric methodology. We review and demonstrate the algebraic and logarithmic methods of arterial blood gas analysis through the example of a complex acid-base disorder, emphasizing examination of the PCO2-to-[HCO3
–] ratio.
Some Results on the v-Analogue of Gamma Function
Authors: Ege İnci
Published: June 2022

In this paper, some properties for the v-analogue of Gamma and digamma functions are investigated. Also, a celebrated Bohr-Mollerup type theorem related to the v-analogue of Gamma function is given. Furthermore, an expression for the v-digamma function is presented by using the v-analogue of beta function. Also, some limits for the v-analogue of Gamma and beta functions are given.
Teologi Marsiadapari: Sebuah Konstruksi Teologi Lokal Dalam Perspektif Robert J. Schreiter Atas Hermeneutika Galatia 6:2
Authors: Sihombing Salomo , Siregar Gerald Moratua
Published: June 2022

The progress of civilization is something that cannot be avoided. The industrial revolution 4.0 era brought a lot of progress and benefits for human life. But like a double-edged sword, the progress of this era is also slowly eroding local wisdom which is rich of noble value. The progress of the civilization has created opportunities as well as threats in order to preserve the local wisdom. In this term, as an example, it can threaten the marsiadapari tradition in the Toba Batak community. Simply put, marsiadapari is a tradition of gotong royong, which nowadays is starting to fade in the life of the Toba people. To revive this local wisdom, the authors saw an opportunity by constructing a local theology which could later be called the Marsiadapari Theology. This paper uses a qualitative method by tracing previous literature studies by focusing on the local theological perspective offered by Robert Schreiter. This study above will be dialectic with a biblical study of the text of Galatians 6:2. As the result, this article finds that Marsiadapari Theology is a constructive theology that can help readers to fulfill the law of Christ (the law of love) by involving and uniting everyone in a participatory manner.
Abstrak: Kemajuan peradaban merupakan perihal yang tidak mungkin dihindari. Era revolusi industri 4.0 banyak membawa kemajuan dan manfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Namun bagai pedang bermata dua, kemajuan zaman ini juga perlahan menggerus kearifan lokal dengan kekayaan tradisi yang bernilai luhur. Kemajuan zaman ternyata telah menciptakan peluang sekaligus ancaman bagi pelestarian kearifan lokal. Salah satunya dapat mengancam tradisi marsiadapari yang ada di dalam masyarakat Batak Toba. Sederhananya, marsiadapari adalah tradisi gotong-royong, di mana dewasa ini, mulai memudar dalam tatanan kehidupan masyarakat Toba. Untuk menghidupkan kembali kearifan lokal ini, tim penulis melihat peluang dengan cara mengonstruksi sebuah teologi lokal yang nantinya dapat disebut dengan Teologi Marsiadapari. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menelusuri kajian literatur terdahulu dengan menitikberatkan pada perspektif teologi lokal yang ditawarkan oleh Robert Schreiter. Kajian tersebut akan didialektikakan dengan kajian biblis atas teks Galatia 6:2. Artikel ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa Teologi Marsiadapari merupakan salah satu teologi konstruktif yang dapat membantu pembaca untuk memenuhi hukum Kristus (hukum kasih) dengan melibatkan dan mempersatukan setiap orang secara partisipatif.
Phonétique: types de "liaisons"
Authors: Carmona Yanes Elena , Reales Pérez Francisco Javier , Caballero Muñoz Marina Isabel
Published: June 2022

Esta cápsula da continuación al vídeo “Fonética francesa: enchaînements et liaisons”. En esta ocasión, se amplía la descripción del fenómeno fonético de la liaison mediante la explicación de los contextos lingüísticos que determinan dos de los tres tipos que suelen distinguirse en función de su frecuencia en el uso y del juicio normativo que se deriva de esta: obligatorias y prohibidas. En la locución intervienen hablantes nativas tanto de español como de francés con el fin de ofrecer una pronunciación lo más real y fidedigna posible de los contextos ejemplificados.
Búsqueda de nuevos fármacos antichagásicos inhibidores de la Tripanotión sintetasa
Authors:   , Alice Juan Ignacio
Published: June 2022

Objetivo General - Identificar, mediante búsqueda racional asistida por computadora, nuevos compuestos químicos capaces de inhibir/modular la actividad de la enzima Tripanotión Sintetasa; los cuales puedan ser candidatos para utilizarse en la farmacoterapia de enfermedades originadas por tripanosomátidos. Objetivos Específicos - Compilar, a partir de literatura, un set de datos de compuestos con actividad reportada frente a la enzima Tripanotión Sintetasa. - Desarrollar y validar modelos computacionales basados en el ligando capaces de identificar compuestos químicos, tipo-fármaco. - Aplicar los modelos generados en campañas del tamizado virtual de diversas bibliotecas químicas. En particular, la identificación de drogas aprobadas por diferentes agencias regulatorias, permitiendo detectar la actividad de interés en fármacos ya utilizados en clínica para otras indicaciones terapéuticas (estrategia conocida como knowledge-based drug repurposing, es decir, búsqueda de segundos usos médicos basada en el conocimiento). - Adquirir los candidatos seleccionados a partir de la metodología in silico. - Evaluar experimentalmente, en ensayos in vitro, los compuestos adquiridos. Hipótesis de trabajo Mediante modelado in silico basado en el ligando se podrían identificar nuevos compuestos con actividad tripanocida, inhibidores de la enzima Tripanotión Sintetasa, entre los cuales existen posibles candidatos a fármacos, es decir, compuestos con las características farmacocinéticas/farmacodinámicas adecuadas para convertirse en potenciales agentes para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas.
Developing Firms’ Collective Emotional Intelligence with Subjective Well-Being and Happiness Perception as Triggers.
Authors: Tello Eduardo Ahumada , Ramos Karen , Ripoll Rafael Ravina , Vela Esthela Galvan
Published: June 2022

Currently, organizations carry out processes for the development of strategies that helps increasing their competitiveness. To achieve this, organizations implement a systematization of the activities that must be developed to acquire knowledge and that with it they are able to develop processes that reflect collective intelligence that affects socioeconomic growth and intervene in the decision-making process. Taking into consideration that in the current environment of companies, there is a combination between human and technological elements, in which the former depends on an immeasurable number of variables that condition their behaviour, level of satisfaction and performance, for the purposes of this study, two variables are taken to verify the level of incidence they have on the development of collective intelligence from complex processes in the social sphere.

Keywords: Collective Intelligence, Happiness, Well-Being, Collective Intelligence, Technology-Based Firms