bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Bandwidth-Duration Product WT in the Detectability of Diotic Signals
Authors:   , Lapsley Miller Judi
Published: November 2021

The bandwidth-duration product, WT , is a fundamental parameter in most theories of aural amplitude discrimination of Gaussian noise. These theories predict that detectability is dependent on WT , but not on the individual values of bandwidth and duration. Due to the acoustical uncertainty principle, it is impossible to completely specify an acoustic waveform with both finite duration and finite bandwidth. An observer must decide how best to trade-off information in the time domain with information in the frequency domain. As Licklider (1963) states, "The nature of [the ear's] solution to the time-frequency problem is, in fact, one of the central problems in the psychology of hearing."This problem is still unresolved, primarily due to observer inconsistency in experiments, which degrades performance making it difficult to compare models. The aim was to compare human observers' ability to trade bandwidth and duration, with simulated and theoretical observers. Human observers participated in a parametric study where the bandwidth and duration of 500 Hz noise waveforms was systematically varied for the same bandwidth-duration products (WT = 1, 2, and 4, where W varied over 2.5-160 Hz, and T varied over 400-6.25 ms, in octave steps). If observers can trade bandwidth and duration, detectability should be constant for the same WT . The observers replicated the experiments six times so that group operating characteristic (GOC) analysis could be used to reduce the effects of their inconsistent decision making. Asymptotic errorless performance was estimated by extrapolating results from the GOC analysis, as a function of replications added. Three simulated ideal observers: the energy, envelope, and full-linear (band-pass filter, full-wave rectifier, and true integrator) detectors were compared with each other, with mathematical theory and with human observers. Asymptotic detectability relative to the full-linear detector indicates that human observers best detect signals with a bandwidth of 40-80 Hz and a duration of 50-100 ms, and that other values are traded off in approximately concentric ellipses of equal detectability. Human detectability of Gaussian noise was best modelled by the full-linear detector using a non-optimal filter. Comparing psychometric functions for this detector with human data shows many striking similarities, indicating that human observers can sometimes perform as well as an ideal observer, once their inconsistency is minimised. These results indicate that the human hearing system can trade bandwidth and duration of signals, but not optimally. This accounts for many of the disparate estimates of the critical band, rectifier, and temporal integrator, found in the literature, because (a) the critical band is adjustable, but has a minimum of 40-50 Hz, (b) the rectifier is linear, rather than square-law, and (c) the temporal integrator is either true or leaky with a very long time constant.
Approaches to the Synthesis of Glycosides
Authors:   , Furneaux Richard Hubert
Published: November 2021

In a search for better synthetic routes to O- and S-glycosides, a number of mercury(II) containing derivatives of 1-thio-D-glucose were synthesised, and their reactions with thiols and acids were investigated as well as their pyrolytic behaviour. A new route to O-acetylated glycosyl thiols involving specific S-deacetylation of peracetylated 1-thioglycoses was developed by the conversion of 1-thio-Beta-D-glucopyranose pentaacetate into tetra-O-acetyl-1-S-phenylmercury (II) thio-Beta-D-glucopyranose and subsequent demercuration of this by hydrogen sulphide. A range of acylated alkyl and aryl 1,2-trans-1-thioglycosides was prepared by one step processes from peracylated 1,2-trans-related sugars by a procedure which involved the use of equimolar proportions of thiols together with boron trifluoride. A similar procedure was used to obtain benzoylated 1,2-cis-O-glucosides from penta-O-benzoyl-Beta-D-glucopyranose. Partial desulphurisation of acetylated glucosyl phenyl disulphide with tris(diethylamino)phosphine led to both phenyl tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and the alpha, beta-linked thiotrehalose peracetate. Phenyl 1-thiohex-1-enopyranosid-3-ulose esters were obtained from the light induced reactions of N-bromosuccinimide with acetylated and benzoylated phenyl 1-thiogluco- and galacto-pyranosides; the acetylated 1-thioglycosides gave mixtures of 2-O-acetyl and 2-O-monobromoacetyl 1-enosid-3-uloses. Methyl hexuronate derivatives were brominated alpha to the carbonyl function by N-bromosuccinimide, and a new synthetic route to L-ascorbic acid has been proposed following the successful bromination of methyl tri-O-acetyl-2,6-anhydro-L-gulonate.
Robust Methods for Analysing Quantitative Trait Loci
Authors:   , Williams Nuovella
Published: November 2021

The advent of new technology for extracting genetic information from tissue samples has increased the availability of suitable data for finding genes controlling complex traits in plants, animals and humans. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis relies on statistical methods to interpret genetic data in the presence of phenotype data and possibly other factors such as environmental factors. The goal is to both detect the presence of QTL with significant effects on trait value as well as to estimate their locations on the genome relative to those of known markers. This thesis reviews commonly used statistical techniques for QTL mapping in experimental populations. Regression and likelihood methods are discussed. The mixture-modelling approach to QTL mapping is explored in some detail. This thesis presents new matrix formulas for exact and convenient calculation of both the Observed and Fisher information matrices in the context of Multinomial mixtures of Univariate Normal distributions. An extension to Composite Interval mapping is proposed, together with a hypothesis testing strategy which is robust enough to de- tect existing QTL in the presence of slight deviations from model assumptions while reducing false detections.
Simulation of the effects of movement patterns and resource density on the egg distributions of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera) at multiple spatial scales
Authors:   , Barritt James
Published: November 2021

This thesis presents a spatially explicit, agent based simulation, used to explore the ovipositing behaviour of the Small Cabbage White butterfly, Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera). The study concerns the effects of host-plant (Cabbage, Brassica oleracae) density upon P. rapae egg distribution patterns, at multiple scales. A general review of the literature is provided which covers the ecology of animal movement, methods of quantifying movement, models of movement, ecological theory of herbivore responses to plant density (Resource Concentration Hypothesis) and the biology of P.rapae.

The construction of the simulation is described in detail and the source code plus an executable version of the software are available as a companion CD. A number of simulation experiments are reported which demonstrate the basic behaviour of the simulation over a simplified resource layout. The framework is then used to explore more complex layouts which are compared to field experiments conducted as part of a separate PhD thesis (Hasenbank, in prep). A Correlated Random Walk simulated a negative relationship between forager egg distributions and resource densities, observed at all scales. Including a diffuse attraction to resources (e.g. olfaction), simulated a negative relationship between egg distributions and resource densities at smaller scales, and a positive relationship at larger scales.

This work builds on a large body of previous simulation studies and attempts to produce a useful framework for subsequent researchers to explore the effects of animal movement through the use of random walks. It demonstrates the use of the framework with a specific example concerning the egg distributions of P. rapae and the effect of scale. It provides some useful insights into both the analysis of results from a complex spatial experimental layout, and potential responses which may be observed. It demonstrates that a simple model can, in the case of P rapae be used to obtain relatively realistic egg distributions.
Synthesis of Functionalised Cyclohexanes from Carbohydrates
Authors:   , Blattner Regine
Published: November 2021

Beta-D-glucopyranose pentaacetate was photobrominated to give the 5-baromide from which 6-deoxy-Beta-D-xylo-hex-5-enopyranose tetraacetate was obtained by reductive elimination. This reaction sequence represents an efficient new route to the 5-ene. A detailed investigation into the photobromination of Beta-D-glucopyranose pentaacetate with bromine and with NBS led to the isolation of several by-products containing bromine substituents at C-1 and/or C-5; their reactions with zinc-acetic acid were studied, and the conformations. in solution of four alkenes derived from the 5-bromo compound were determined. 2,3,4-Triacylated 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxycyclohexanones were Obtained by mercury (II) catalysed rearrangement of 5-deoxyhex-5-enopyranose esters. The mechanism of this rearrangement, and some enopyranose esters The mechanism of this rearrangement, reactions of the products were examined. The use of these new carbocyclic compounds in the synthesis of branched-chain cyclitol derivatives was explored. By means of diazomethane or, alternatively, hydrogen cyanide, substituted cyclohexanes with one-carbon branches and tertiary hydroxyl groups at the site of chain-branching were preared. Attempts to eliminate water from these tertiary alcohols to give substituted cyclohexene-carbonitriles or -carbaldehydes were unsuccessful.
PENGEMBANGAN LKPD INKUIRI BERBASIS HANDS-ON & MINDS-ON ACTIVITY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HOTS PADA MATERI LAJU REAKSI
Authors: Khafida Ikke Ladya , Ismono Ismono
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) inkuiri terbimbing berbasis hands-on & minds-on activity untuk melatihkan Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi (HOTS) pada materi Laju Reaksi. Kelayakan LKPD berpedoman pada validitas, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 4D (define, design, develop, dissiminate), dan pada penelitian ini tahap yang digunakan hanya sampai tahap develop (pengembangan) dengan uji coba terbatas kepada 12 peserta didik kelas XI-IPA-5 di sebuah SMAN Sidoarjo yang belum mendapatkan topik belajar Laju Reaksi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan meliputi lembar telaah, lembar validasi, lembar angket respon, lembar tes ranah pengetahuan, dan lembar tes HOTS. Instrumen penelitian tersebut dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil validasi berdasarkan kelayakan kriteria isi, kebahasaan, penyajian, dan kegrafisan menunjukkan persentase berturut-turut sebesar 83%, 82%, 82%, dan 83% dengan kategori sangat valid. Respon peserta didik menunjukkan persentase yang cukup tinggi dengan rata-rata 90,7% yang menunjukkan sangat praktis. Hasil tes pengetahuan memperoleh ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 100% dengan kategori tuntas sedangkan untuk peningkatan HOTS mendapat skor N-gain rata-rata 0,73 dengan kategori tinggi, dimana setiap komponen HOTS C4,C5, dan C6 didapatkan rata-rata persentase secara berturut-turut sebesar 86,8%, 83,3%,dan 87,5% sehingga dapat diartikan LKPD efektif untuk meningkatkan HOTS peserta didik.

Kata kunci: LKPD, Inkuiri, Keterampilan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi, Hands on Minds on Activity.
Peran Elite Adat Pada Pilkada Kabupaten Pinrang 2018
Authors: Suhartono Eka , Nur Hasruddin
Published: November 2021

The study aims to discover (1) the reasons for the indigenous elite to get involved in the 2018 pre-Pilkada in Pinrang district, (2) the role of the indigenous elite in the 2018 Pilkada process in Pinrang district, (3) the adaptation process for the indigenous elite after the 2018 Pilkada in Pinrang district. This study employed qualitative approach, which described descriptively with data collection techniques used were observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and literature study. The subject selection technique used was purposive sampling. The subjects of the study were 11 informants. The data validity of the study employed triangulation techniques. Based on the results of the study, several findings are discovered, namely, the role of the indigenous elite in the 2018 Pilkada in Pinrang distirict is not merely limited to the pre-Pilkada but also in the process and after Pilkada is carried out. The reasons for the indigenous elite to get involved in the 2018 pre-election in Pinrang district are to maintain the image, charisma, and position held by the indigenous elite and as a form of proof that the indigenous elite is the manifestation of a leader. The role of the elite in the 2018 Pilkada in Pinrang district is to  become the center for regional mapping which is the basis of support, the indigenous elite which is the generality of winning the area where it is located is an instant strategy for the winning team for regional head candidates to win the Pilkada. Apart from that, another role of the indigenous elite is to become a patron for the masses who take sides and believe that the political choice of the indigenous elite is their political choice. The adaptation process of the indigenous elite after the 2018 Pilkada in Pinrang district is a form of response of indigenous elite after Pilkada where the conditions are winner and losers. This adaptation process is filled with various approaches to get the best position in government and for the losing party will try to approach freedom from political sanctions and still get respect and trust from their masses.
Perilaku Masyarakat Pesisir di Hutan Mangrove Desa Balangdatu Kabupaten Takalar
Authors: Oruh Shermina , Nur Hasruddin
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine (i) the forms of coastal community behavior in mangrove forests. And (ii) the impact of community behavior on mangrove forests. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. This study aims to describe the behavior of coastal communities in the mangrove forests of Balangdatu Village and the impact of the behavior of coastal communities in the mangrove forests of Balangdatu Village, Takalar Regency. The data collection techniques are by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. The data validation technique is source triangulation, which is to examine the credibility of the data by checking the data that has been obtained through several sources. From the results of the study found that (i) The form of behavior of coastal mangrove forest community consists of ecocentrism (preserving) and anthropocentrism (damaging). Sustainable behavior consists of community-based conservation and preservation of mangrove forests with the application of local wisdom, while destructive behavior of the community over-exploits, changes the function of mangrove lands into ponds and environmental pollution. (ii) Impacts of community behavior in mangrove forests include positive and negative impacts that affect the economic and ecological functions of mangrove forests.
The impact of public health interventions in the Nordic countries during the first year of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and evolution
Authors: Duchene Sebastian , Featherstone Leo , Freiesleben de Blasio Birgitte , Holmes Edward C , Bohlin Jon , Pettersson John H-O
Published: November 2021

Background

Many countries have attempted to mitigate and control COVID-19 through non-pharmaceutical interventions, particularly with the aim of reducing population movement and contact. However, it remains unclear how the different control strategies impacted the local phylodynamics of the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Aim

We aimed to assess the duration of chains of virus transmission within individual countries and the extent to which countries exported viruses to their geographical neighbours.

Methods

We analysed complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes to infer the relative frequencies of virus importation and exportation, as well as virus transmission dynamics, in countries of northern Europe. We examined virus evolution and phylodynamics in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

The Nordic countries differed markedly in the invasiveness of control strategies, which we found reflected in transmission chain dynamics. For example, Sweden, which compared with the other Nordic countries relied more on recommendation-based rather than legislation-based mitigation interventions, had transmission chains that were more numerous and tended to have more cases. This trend increased over the first 8 months of 2020. Together with Denmark, Sweden was a net exporter of SARS-CoV-2. Norway and Finland implemented legislation-based interventions; their transmission chain dynamics were in stark contrast to their neighbouring country Sweden.

Conclusion

Sweden constituted an epidemiological and evolutionary refugium that enabled the virus to maintain active transmission and spread to other geographical locations. Our analysis reveals the utility of genomic surveillance where monitoring of active transmission chains is a key metric.
Comparative sensitivity evaluation for 122 CE-marked rapid diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, Germany, September 2020 to April 2021
Authors: Scheiblauer Heinrich , Filomena Angela , Nitsche Andreas , Puyskens Andreas , Corman Victor M , Drosten Christian , Zwirglmaier Karin , Lange Constanze , Emmerich Petra , Müller Michael , Knauer Olivia , Nübling C Micha
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Numerous CE-marked SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag RDT) are offered in Europe, several of them with unconfirmed quality claims.

Aim

We performed an independent head-to-head evaluation of the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 Ag RDT offered in Germany.

Methods

We addressed the sensitivity of 122 Ag RDT in direct comparison using a common evaluation panel comprised of 50 specimens. Minimum sensitivity of 75% for panel specimens with a PCR quantification cycle (Cq) ≤ 25 was used to identify Ag RDT eligible for reimbursement in the German healthcare system.

Results

The sensitivity of different SARS-CoV-2 Ag RDT varied over a wide range. The sensitivity limit of 75% for panel members with Cq ≤ 25 was met by 96 of the 122 tests evaluated; 26 tests exhibited lower sensitivity, few of which failed completely. Some RDT exhibited high sensitivity, e.g. 97.5 % for Cq < 30.

Conclusions

This comparative evaluation succeeded in distinguishing less sensitive from better performing Ag RDT. Most of the evaluated Ag RDT appeared to be suitable for fast identification of acute infections associated with high viral loads. Market access of SARS-CoV-2 Ag RDT should be based on minimal requirements for sensitivity and specificity.
EDUCATIONAL PROJECT AS A MEANS OF FORMING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS’ PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE: A PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT
Authors: Savrasova-V’un Tetiana
Published: November 2021

The article highlights the actual problem of the dependence of the psychological component of the professional competence of future specialists on the use of an educational project in the educational process. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the influence of the use of an educational project in the educational activities of a higher educational institution on the psychological component of the professional competence of future specialists. The content and structure of the psychological component of the professional competence of future specialists have been determined, which is considered as a complex of characteristics of future specialists, contains psychological knowledge, skills, motivational, emotional processes, personal properties that help to carry out professional activities, self-improvement, and consists of motivational, emotional, activity, personal, cognitive components. The experience of the formation of the psychological component of the professional competence of future specialists with the help of an educational project introduced into the educational process of the Institute of Philology of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University is characterized. Among the research tools were used: diagnostic methods for studying the components, indicators of the psychological component of the professional competence of future specialists, the experimental method, the comparison method, and correlation analysis. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the results of a survey of future specialists who underwent diagnostics on the problems of studying the level of the psychological component of professional competence for use in the educational process of an educational project and after. The experiment involved 227 future specialists in the specialty «035 Philology». Through experimental activities, the features of the application of the educational project in the educational process of the institution have been determined. It was revealed that the level of the psychological component of professional competence before the implementation of the educational project was lower than the level of the studied phenomenon after the application of the project in the educational process. The results of the analysis showed that the process of creating and implementing an educational project by future specialists affects the formation of the psychological component of students’ professional competence.
TEACHING OF MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS AND MEDICAL INFORMATICS IN EUROPEAN UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Chalyi Alexander , Lyubchyk Olena , Chalyi Kyrylo , Chaika Olena , Kryvenko Inna , Gritsenko Natalia , Kryshtopa Albina , Sysoiev Oleksii
Published: November 2021

This review article discusses some of the problems associated with teaching fundamental medical disciplines «Medical and Biological Physics» and «Medical Informatics» in 10 universities from 7 European countries. A comparison is made of the organization of teaching these natural disciplines (in particular, the volume of classroom hours) at the Bogomolets National Medical University and other European medical universities for the specialty «Medicine». It was found that in the absolute majority of 8 out of 9 European universities (medical faculties) more classroom hours are allocated for the study of obligatory physical disciplines (for some universities 2–3 times more) than at the Bogomolets National Medical University. The discipline «Medical Informatics and Foundations of Scientific Research» is approved in the working curriculum of the Bogomolets National Medical University for the 2021-2022 academic year not as obligatory, but as a variable discipline which students of the 1st year of study can choose with a prior probability that is equal to 0.5. The importance of teaching the disciplines «Medical and biological physics» and «Medical informatics» as an integral part of the medical industry and medical education is emphasized. It is these directions of science and technology as well as academic disciplines (together with biomedical engineering) that provided a reliable basis to create precision and high-tech medical equipment for diagnostics and treatment, ranging from X-ray and cardiography devices and ending at the moment with the Da Vinci surgical robotic system for minimally invasive interventions, as well as medical imaging system using combined positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
INTERACTIVE LECTURES IN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY: ACTUAL MEANINGS AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: Sokolova Iryna , Strelchenko Olena , Kozynska Inna , Seleznova Sofiia , Kozynskyi Olexandr
Published: November 2021

The authors of the article offer their understanding of the actual meanings of interactive lectures as the important component of the cloud-oriented learning environment of the medical university. We use different research methods for data collection: analysis and generalization of scientific sources to substantiate the theoretical research platform; modeling and research teaching method to determine the components of a lecture and clarify the conditions for conducting interactive lectures; sociometric analysis of the effectiveness of interaction within a small group to assess learning outcomes in different lecture formats. Two lecture formats (with elements of interactive media and interactive) while teaching of clinical disciplines in Donetsk National Medical University is described. The organizational and didactic conditions for conducting interactive lectures on clinical disciplines have been determined and characterized. The organizational conditions include educational resources and active elements of the Moodle educational platform: flexible & functional design of an interactive lecture; cognitive and motivational criteria of the effectiveness of an interactive lecture. It is concluded, that didactic principles of teaching (scientificity, the continuity of obtaining scientific knowledge and the formation of clinical experience, students’ activity and cognitive creative independence, interactivity) ensure the effectiveness of interactive lectures. It has been proven that inquiry-based learning and evidence-based medicine principles enhance the conversion of passive presentation of educational material into communication practices aimed at the development of clinical thinking in students. The authors came to the conclusion that tutoring provides the creation of an individual educational trajectory, contributes to the formation of social skills and professional reflection in the future neurologist.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE EDUCATION IN POLAND IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH – EARLY 21TH CENTURY
Authors: Filatov Andrii
Published: November 2021

The article represents an overview and substantiation of the peculiarities of the formation and development of corporate education in Poland in the second half of the 20th - early 21th century. The definition of ‘corporate education’ in the context of adult education is clarified in the text. The importance of the experience of corporate education of the Republic of Poland as a component of adult education for the Ukrainian education system was noted. The purpose of the article is a theoretical substantiation of the peculiarities of the formation and development of corporate education in Poland in the second half of the 20th – early 21th century. It was found that during the existence of the People’s Republic of Poland (1952–1989) no special legislation and regulations on the organization of corporate education were adopted in the country. The problems of formation of corporate education, which have been being solved by the People’s Republic of Poland in the 50-70s of the last century were singled out. In the article was proven the importance of the adoption of the Labor Code (1974), the Employment Act (1989), The Law On the Education System (1991), the Act on Employment and Social Protection in case of Unemployment (1994), the document «Continuing Education Strategy till 2010»; (2003). The following features of formation and development of corporate education in Poland in the second half of the 20th – early 21th century are established as: the centralizing the management of educational institutions and ideologically biased content of education; the transition from the administrative-command method in the management of formal education institutions; the spread of the decentralization of education; laying the foundation for the democratization of corporate education in Poland; the emergence of a regulatory framework for broad autonomy of informal corporate education; the adapting the legal framework of education to European Union standards; the integration of Polish corporate education into the European Community.
In the future, it is necessary to study the trends of updating the content, forms and methods of vocational training of adults, taking into account the requirements of international standards for training competitive professionals for the global labor market.
Pengaruh Rasio Profitabilitas, Rasio Likuiditas, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan Terhadap Opini Audit Going Concern
Authors: Kimberli Kimberli , Kurniawan Budi
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The problems that will be discussed in this journal are regarding the relationship between Profitability Ratios, Liquidity Ratios and Company Growth on Audit Delay. The research method used in this study uses secondary data. The population in this study is all Real Estate companies and the Property sub-sector registered on the BEI which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. The sampling method in this study is purposive sampling. The criteria for companies that are sampled are companies that publish audited financial statements for four consecutive years and use the rupiah currency, so that the total number of samples in this study is 165 data. The independent variables in this study are Profitability Ratios, Liquidity Ratios and Company Growth. The dependent variable in this study is audit delay. The data analysis technique used is the Logistics Regression Test with the use of Software Eviews 10. The results of the analysis show that profitability has no significant effect on going concern audit opinion. Meanwhile, company growth and liquidity have no effect on going concern audit opinion.

Keywords: Going Concern Opinion, Profitability, Liquidity, and Company Growth
A exigência de programas de compliance na celebração de contratos públicos: a legalidade e a eficácia do instituto
Authors:   Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Dom Bosco Eduardo
Published: November 2021

Este artigo pretende discutir a respeito de tornar a exigência de programas de Compliance nas estruturas organizacionais de pessoas jurídicas de direito privado, requisito objetivo para o aperfeiçoamento dos contratos realizados entre os particulares e a Administração Pública, na intenção de mitigar a prática de corrução ali existente. Abordando os conceitos de ordem econômica social, defende-se a utilização do Compliance para alcançar o restabelecimento deste princípio econômico que norteia o mercado e a sociedade moderna. Na construção do trabalho, foi utilizado o método analítico dedutivo com abordagem qualitativa através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, por meio das quais concluiu-se que referida exigência tem caráter intervencionista por parte do Estado no Domínio Econômico, devendo, portanto, observar requisitos constitucionais de intervenção, bem como princípios inerentes aos contratos públicos para que seja considerada uma medida legal.
O estado da arte sobre evasão escolar nos institutos federais:
Authors: Araújo Edclecia Barbosa de , Lima Andreza Maria de
Published: November 2021

No mundo e no Brasil, o alto índice de evasão escolar persiste no cenário educacional. A pandemia da Covid-19 agravou ainda mais o problema. Neste artigo, recorte de uma pesquisa maior, objetivamos mapear e analisar a produção científica da pós-graduação brasileira sobre evasão nos Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia. O estudo é de abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório e bibliográfico, do tipo Estado da Arte. Estabelecemos o recorte temporal de 2010 a 2020. A coleta foi realizada nos sítios da Plataforma Sucupira, no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e do Observatório do Mestrado Profissional em Educação Profissional em Rede Nacional (ProfEPT). Foram localizados 37 trabalhos, sendo 33 dissertações e 04 teses. Para análise, utilizamos a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que ainda são escassos os estudos que se dedicam a pesquisar o fenômeno da evasão nos Institutos Federais e que não há unanimidade por parte dos estudiosos quanto à definição do termo. Os resultados dos trabalhos sobre evasão em cursos subsequentes indicam que a complexidade da problemática que dificulta sua resolução advém da diversidade fatorial. Diante do quadro pandêmico, o estado da arte em tela contribuirá para uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno da evasão, conhecendo o seu panorama no universo dos trabalhos acadêmicos.
História de uso da terra nas atuais áreas da Vale no Brasil
Authors: Cavalcante Rosane , Dionizio Emily , Nunes Sâmia
Published: November 2021

As florestas guardam um importante estoque de carbono e a restauração florestal de áreas degradadas é considerada uma técnica já madura para remover quantidades elevadas de CO2 da atmosfera. Entretanto, quando as florestas são derrubadas ou degradadas, o carbono armazenado é liberado para a atmosfera, contribuindo para o aquecimento global. O presente relatório traz resultados parciais do projeto “Inventário de emissões e remoções de carbono florestal da Vale” que irá realizar a estimativa do fluxo anual de carbono florestal (remoções e emissões decorrentes da alteração da biomassa de árvores vivas acima e abaixo do solo) proveniente das mudanças de uso e cobertura do solo nas áreas de interesse da companhia. No presente relatório são apresentados a variação anual de classificação do uso da terra de 1985 a 2019 para as áreas de interesse no Brasil (áreas próprias e unidades de conservação que a empresa auxilia na conservação), incluindo a idade da vegetação secundária. Foram utilizadas as classificações de uso do solo do Projeto Mapbiomas v5. As principais classes mapeadas em 2019 foram: floresta (78% da área de estudo), pastagem (12%), mosaico de agricultura e pastagem (2%) e mineração (2%). Das áreas de floresta, 9% foram identificadas como floresta secundária. Em termos absolutos, a maior alteração de uso da terra no período analisado (1986 a 2019) foi a redução de 1086,3 km² de florestas, convertida principalmente em pastagem.
STRATEGI PERCEPATAN FUNGSIONALISASI SENTRA KELAUTAN PERIKANAN TERPADU NATUNA
Authors: Tri Wiji Nurani  , Wawan Oktariza  , Taryono  , Wini Trilaksani  , Luky Adrianto  , Mubariq Ahmad  , Umi Muawanah  , Christy Desta Pratama
Published: November 2021

Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan Inpres No.7/2016 yang ditujukan untuk percepatan pembangunan sektor perikanan. Natuna merupakan salah satu lokasi yang ditetapkan sebagai Sentra Kelautan Perikanan Terpadu (SKPT). Tujuan penelitian adalah menyusun strategi bagi percepatan fungsionalisasi SKPT Natuna. Kajian diawali melalui analisis situasi terhadap keberadaaan SKPT Natuna untuk dapat mengidentifikasi peluang dan tantangan, dilanjutkan dengan memberikan rekomendasi langkah-langkah strategis bagi percepatan fungsionalisasi SKPT Natuna. Hasil penelitian dapat diidentifikasi peluang dan permasalahan untuk percepatan fungsionalisi SKPT Natuna, yaitu potensi sumberdaya ikan pelagis dan demersal memiliki peluang besar untuk dimanfaatkan dan adanya peluang ekspor produk segar untuk ikan demersal. Permasalahan yang dihadapi diantaranya yaitu, usaha penangkapan ikan merupakan usaha skala kecil dengan pengetahuan dan keterampilan nelayan rendah, tempat pendaratan ikan tersebar di beberapa lokasi, terbatasnya ketersediaan es untuk melaut, usaha pengolahan ikan masih skala rumah tangga dan terbatas pada olahan tradisional, terbatasnya kapasitas tenaga kerja, mahalnya biaya pengemasan, dan terbatasnya aksesibilitas untuk pemasaran. Langkah-langkah strategis yang dapat dilakukan yaitu optimalisasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan pelagis dan demersal melalui peningkatan keterampilan nelayan, peningkatan armada penangkapan yang dikendalikan dengan perizinan dan pendataan, serta perlunya perencanaan secara terintegrasi pengembangan industri penangkapan, pengolahan dan pemasaran.

Kata kunci: fungsionalisasi SKPT, Natuna, peluang, permasalahan, strategi
CHANGES IN MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF MISCANTHUS AND SORGHUM BIOMASS AFTER ACID AND ALKALI PRETREATMENT
Authors:   Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland, Łysakowski Piotr , Brona Natalia ,   Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland, Grajek Włodzimierz ,   Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
Published: November 2021

Effectiveness and, by extension, profitability of the second-generation bioethanol production process is dependent on pretreatment. The aim is to develop an inexpensive, easy-to-conduct pretreatment that would highly increase hydrolysis efficiency and, at the same time, maximize the fermentable sugar yield and minimize substrate loss. In this work, optimal conditions of low-cost miscanthus and sorghum biomass pretreatment were determined and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface analysis (BET) was used to characterize specific substrate area. Microscopic structure changes of both substrates were demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images. Lignin content in pretreated materials was determined according to NREL procedure. While alkali pretreatment had minor effects on the structure, acid pretreatment resulted in the emergence of noticeable pores and fissures in the surface of miscanthus and sorghum fibres. The increase in specific surface area and substrate porosity improved the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides. However, the decrease of lignin content turned out to be a key factor in hydrolysis efficiency enhancement.
STUDY OF THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE CRYOLITHOZONE USING THE METHOD OF REFLECTED ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (MREW)
Authors:   Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, O.A. Gulevich , L.B. Volkomirskaya ,   Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, V.V. Varenkov ,   Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, A.E. Reznikov ,   Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, G.M. Trigubovich ,   Aerogeophysical Surveys, A.V. Chernyshev ,   Aerogeophysical Surveys
Published: November 2021

Presented data of the method of reflected electromagnetic waves (MREW), obtained during the complex geophysical studies on the territory of an oil and gas field in the permafrost zone to a depth of over 500 meters, allow estimating the distribution of the relative electrical conductivity. Using direct measurements of MREW, subsurface boundaries, contrasting in terms of electrophysical characteristics, were detected. The paper presents a comparison of the MREW data with the data of the near-field transient electromagnetic sounding (TEM). The theoretical basis of the integration of the MREW and TEM methods in the 1–100 MHz range is discussed.
Presuda Europskog suda za ljudska prava u slučaju N.D. i N.T. protiv Španjolske
Authors: Vulas Antonio
Published: November 2021

Članak govori o mogućem utjecaju pravorijeka Europskog suda za ljudska prava u predmetu koji su državljanin Malija N. D. i državljanin Obale Bjelokosti N. T. pokrenuli pred tim sudom protiv Kraljevine Španjolske na sustav zaštite vanjskih granica Europske unije. Tužitelji su u svojoj tužbi tvrdili kako su tijela Kraljevine Španjolske u postupanju prema njima povrijedila princip zabrane kolektivnog protjerivanja, navedenog u članku 4. Protokola br. 4 (Europske) Konvencije o zaštiti ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda, te prava navedena u članku 13. iste Konvencije (pravo na djelotvoran pravni lijek). Tekst je fokusiran na pravorijek Velikog vijeća Suda u drugostupanjskom postupku, donesenog nakon javnog saslušanja stranaka i drugih zainteresiranih sudionika, koje je provedeno 26. rujna 2018. u zgradi suda u Strasbourgu, Francuska. Iako je pravorijek ograničen specifičnim okolnostima samog događaja, odnosno činjenicom da se presuda odnosi na specifični slučaj nadzora vanjske granice EU-a, tekst nastoji pojasniti utjecaj koji bi ova presuda mogla imati na sveukupni sustav nadzora europskih vanjskih granica.
Audiological and Demographic Factors that Impact the Precision of Speech Categorization in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Colby Sarah Elizabeth Margaret , Seedorff Michael , McMurray Bob
Published: November 2021

Objectives: The ability to adapt to subtle variation in acoustic input is a necessary skill for successful speech perception. Cochlear implant (CI) users tend to show speech perception benefits from the maintenance of their residual acoustic hearing. However, previous studies often compare CI users in different listening conditions within-subjects (i.e., in their typical Acoustic + Electric configuration compared to Acoustic-only or Electric-only configurations) and comparisons among different groups of CI users do not always reflect an Acoustic + Electric benefit. Existing work suggests that CI users with residual acoustic hearing perform similarly to Electric-only listeners on phonetic voicing contrasts and unexpectedly poorer with fricative contrasts which have little energy in the range of the Acoustic + Electric listeners’ acoustic hearing. To further investigate how residual acoustic hearing impacts sensitivity to phonetic ambiguity, we examined whether device configuration, age, and device experience influenced phonetic categorization in a large individual differences study.Design: CI users with various device configurations (Electric-only N = 41; Acoustic + Electric N = 95) categorized tokens from five /b-p/ and five /s-ʃ/ minimal pair continua (e.g., bet-pet; sock-shock). We investigated age, device experience, and when applicable, residual acoustic hearing (pure tone hearing thresholds) as predictors of categorization. We also examined the relationship between phonetic categorization and clinical outcomes (CNC, AzBio) in a subset of our sample. Results: Acoustic + Electric CI users were better able to categorize along the voicing contrast (steeper categorization slope) compared to Electric-only users, but there was no group-level difference for fricatives. There were differences within the subgroups for fricatives: bilateral users showed better categorization than unilateral users and bimodal users had better categorization than hybrid users. Age was significant factor for voicing, while device experience was significant for fricatives. Critically, within the Acoustic + Electric group, hybrid CI users with better residual acoustic hearing (better pure tone hearing thresholds) had shallower slopes than those with poorer residual hearing.Conclusions: Our findings suggest residual acoustic hearing is beneficial for categorizing stop voicing, but not frication. Age impacts the categorization of voicing, while device experience matters for fricatives. For CI users with ipsilateral residual acoustic hearing, those with better hearing thresholds may be over-relying on their acoustic hearing rather than extracting as much information as possible from their CI, and thus have worse fricative categorization.
Emotional Intelligence and Day-To-Day Emotion Regulation Processes: Examining Motives for Social Sharing
Authors: Bucich Micaela , MacCann Carolyn
Published: November 2021

There is growing interest in the emotion regulation processes that underlie the adaptive functioning of emotionally intelligent individuals. This study uses experience sampling to examine whether the emotional intelligence (EI) of undergraduate students (N = 84) relates to their day-to-day use of five emotion regulation processes over a five-day period. We also test whether EI predicts motives for one of the emotion regulation processes (social sharing). We measure both ability EI (the brief Situational Test of Emotion Management) and self-rated EI (the Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Scale). Self-rated EI significantly predicts more social sharing, direct situation modification and reappraisal. Ability EI does not significantly predict any of the five regulation processes. Both ability and self-rated EI are significantly related to greater bonding and relief motives for social sharing. Self-rated EI is also related to recovery motives. These results suggest that it is the self-beliefs about one’s emotional abilities, rather than emotion knowledge, which influence the emotion regulation processes people use in daily life.
Heterogeneity of depression across the socioeconomic spectrum
Authors: Hao Yu , Farah Martha
Published: November 2021

Why is lower socioeconomic status associated with higher rates of depression? And, is the surplus of depression at lower SES just more of the same type as depression found at higher levels, or is it distinctive? We addressed these questions by examining the relations among SES, amygdala volume and symptoms of depression in healthy young adults. Amygdala volume, a risk factor for depression, does not synergize with SES in a diathesis-stress relation, nor does it mediate the relation of SES to depression. Rather, SES and amygdala volume are independent, additive risk factors. They are also associated with different depression symptoms and, whereas perceived stress fully mediates the relation of SES to depression, it has no relation to amygdala volume. These findings suggest heterogeneity of depression across the socioeconomic spectrum, with implications for treatment selection as well as for future genetic and brain studies.
Test-retest reliability of a new assessment to detect detailed temporal patterns of polysubstance use
Authors: Fitzgerald Nicole D. , Liu Yiyang , Wang Anna , Striley Catherine W. , Setlow Barry , Knackstedt Lori A. , Cottler Linda B.
Published: November 2021

Objective: While polysubstance use is highly prevalent among people who use drugs, the field lacks a reliable assessment that can detect detailed temporal patterns of polysubstance use. This study assessed the test-retest reliability of the newly developed Polysubstance Use–Temporal Patterns Section (PSU-TPS).Methods: Participants who used cocaine plus alcohol and/or marijuana at least once in the past 30 days (n=48) were interviewed at baseline and approximately seven days later (retest) using the Substance Abuse Module (SAM) and the PSU-TPS. Reliability of PSU-TPS measures of quantity, frequency, and duration of polysubstance use was examined using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and kappa tests. Results: Excellent reliability was observed for frequencies of concurrent polysubstance use patterns in the past 30 days (ICC range: 0.90–0.94) and quantity of alcohol use (ICC=0.83), and fair to good reliability was observed for duration in hours of substance use (ICC range: 0.52–0.73). Conclusion: Detailed information regarding cocaine, alcohol, and marijuana polysubstance use in the past 30 days can be reliably measured with the PSU-TPS. Data on the order and timing of polysubstance use at the hourly level will improve our understanding of the implications of sequential and simultaneous use patterns, which can help inform treatment and prevention efforts.
Factors predicting anxiety and depression symptoms among migrant workers in the Greater China area during the early COVID-19 pandemic: A brief report
Authors: Liem Andrian
Published: November 2021

This study briefly reported the prevalence and factors predicting anxiety and depression symptoms among migrant workers in the Greater China area. An online survey was conducted between February and March 2020 among Indonesian migrant workers in Macau, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Data from 491 participants were analyzed using a series of hierarchical logistic regression. The prevalence rates for clinically meaningful symptoms of anxiety and depression were 31.8% and 26.9%, respectively. Factors predicting anxiety symptoms were age, marital status, income level, educational level, and Cantonese fluency. Older participants, married, have higher income and education, and are more fluent in Cantonese were less likely to experience anxiety than their counterparts. Factors predicting depression symptoms were age, marital status, English fluency, and Cantonese fluency. Older participants, married, and more fluent in English and Cantonese were less likely to experience depression than their counterparts. Stakeholders should consider these findings in public health planning to make it more inclusive for migrant workers.