bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the impact of stakeholder pressure on carbon disclosure in an emerging economy
Authors: Bedi Ankita , Singh Balwinder
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to seek to shed light on the influence of stakeholder pressure on carbon disclosure in an emerging economy.

Design/methodology/approach

The present study is based on Bombay Stock Exchange 100 Indian firms for the period of 5 years from 2016–17 to 2020–21. The association between stakeholder pressure and carbon disclosure, along with certain control variables, has been explored through a regression model.

Findings

The results of the study suggest that stakeholders exert a significant influence on corporate carbon disclosure. Further results confirm that regulatory and customer pressure have the most significant and positive influence, while shareholders and creditors exert a significant and negative influence on carbon disclosure. The study also finds that employee pressure does not have any association with carbon disclosure.

Practical implications

This study adds to the existing literature on climate change, carbon disclosure and stakeholder pressure.

Social implications

The present study provides useful insights to corporate managers and policymakers as the study concludes that stakeholders exert a significant influence on carbon disclosure.

Originality/value

Previous studies examining the stakeholder pressure on carbon disclosure ignored emerging economies, while the present study has considered India, which is a developing as well as an emerging economy. Further, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current study is the first of its kind to investigate the stakeholder pressure on carbon disclosure in the Indian context. The present study develops a comprehensive index to measure corporate carbon disclosure.
Human papillomavirus type 94‐associated flat warts and review of reported cases
Authors: Usami Tamae , Ohsawa Ikuroh , Suga Yasushi , Mitsuishi Tsuyoshi
Published: September 2023

To date, 10 types of human papillomavirus have been identified that cause flat warts, including human papillomavirus type 3, which belongs to species group 2 of the genus alpha papillomavirus. Among these 10 types, human papillomavirus type 94 is most closely related to human papillomavirus type 10, sharing 86% homology. In this study, we conducted polymerase chain reaction analysis with sequencing on samples obtained from cutaneous lesions located on the face and lower legs of an individual, revealing the presence of human papillomavirus type 94. Dermatoscopic findings revealed numerous dotted vessels within one group of macular brown lesions located on the lower leg, which contributed to the diagnosis of flat warts. An online search revealed that human papillomavirus type 94 has previously been detected in various skin diseases, and we provide a review of prior reports.
Higher plant colonisation and lower resident diversity in grasslands more recently abandoned from agriculture
Authors: Catford Jane A. , Shepherd Harry E. R. , Tennant Phillip , Tilman David
Published: September 2023

Rates of species colonisation and extirpation are increasing in plant communities world‐wide. Colonisation could potentially help compensate for, or compound, resident diversity loss that results from global environmental change.

We use a multifactorial seed addition grassland experiment to examine relationships between plant colonisation, resident species diversity and key community assembly factors over 3 years. By manipulating colonist seed rate, imposing disturbance and examining abundance and diversity impacts of 14 formerly absent sown colonists in communities that varied in successional stage and time since agricultural abandonment, we were able to disentangle effects of global change factors (species introduction, novel disturbance and land use change) that are usually confounded.

Evidence suggested that cover abundance of sown colonists was most strongly influenced by successional stage of recipient communities, though number of growing seasons was also important for the group of seven colonists with resource conservative ‘slow’ life history traits. Colonist type, seed rate and disturbance had weaker relationships with colonist cover.

Factors affecting sown colonist cover were highly conditional. A negative relationship between plot‐level disturbance and colonist cover in early successional communities meant that, despite a positive relationship in late succession, colonisation was negatively related to disturbance overall, defying theoretical expectations.

Non‐sown resident diversity was negatively related to colonist cover and positively related to successional stage. Resource acquisitive colonists with ‘fast’ life history traits appeared to limit cover of ‘slow colonists’ when the two groups were sown together, likely reflecting niche pre‐emption.

Communities at earlier stages of succession had lower resident diversity and experienced higher levels of colonisation than communities at later stages of succession. Elevated colonisation and lower resident diversity both appeared to be symptoms of human‐induced land use change. However, results suggested that resource competition from plant colonists may also limit resident diversity in grasslands abandoned from agriculture more recently.

Synthesis. Our findings point to the importance of resource availability and competition on plant colonisation and colonist impacts on residents. Although colonisation is potentially a source of biodiversity in the short term, our results suggest that plant colonists that reach high abundance may be a further threat to resident plant diversity in secondary grasslands recovering from a recent history of agriculture.
Effects of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on reared black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Meijer Nathan , Zoet Lisa , de Rijk Theo , Zomer Paul , Rijkers Deborah , van der Fels‐Klerx H.J. , van Loon Joop J.A.
Published: September 2023

Black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) receive growing interest as a potential alternative animal feed source. These insects may be exposed to insecticide residues in the rearing substrate. This study aimed to investigate the effects of six different pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on this insect species’ performance. The toxicity of two “model” substances for each of these classes (cypermethrin; pirimiphos‐methyl) was quantified, with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO). Critical effect doses corresponding to 10% yield (CED10) for cypermethrin (0.4 mg/kg) and pirimiphos‐methyl (4.8 mg/kg) were determined. The addition of PBO to cypermethrin enhanced its relative potency with a factor 2.6. These data were compared against the relative toxicity of two analogue substances in each class (permethrin, deltamethrin; chlorpyrifos‐methyl, malathion). Results suggest that exposure to concentrations complying with legal limits can cause significant reductions in yield. Exposure to multiple substances at lower concentrations resulted in negative additive and synergistic effects. Of the tested substances, deltamethrin was most toxic, causing 94% yield at 0.5 mg/kg. Analytical results suggested that transfer of tested substances to the larval biomass was substance‐ and concentration‐specific, but appeared to be correlated to reduced yields and the presence of PBO. Transfer of organophosphates was overall low (<2%), but ranged from 8% to 75% for pyrethroids. Due to very low limits in insect biomass (∼0.01 mg/kg), high transfer may result in noncompliance. It is recommended that rearing companies implement lower contractual thresholds, and that policymakers consider adjusting legally allowed maximum residue levels in insect feed.
The New Development Bank: Directions on strategic partnerships
Authors: Nanwani Suresh
Published: September 2023

The New Development Bank (NDB)’s partnership and cooperation with other international organizations and other financial institutions has been a key element of the strategic vision, design and institutional development of the Bank. For the NDB ‘partnering’ and ‘partnerships’ became part of the agenda of the NDB. But how the NDB would actually do ‘partnerships’ or ‘partnering’ was not predetermined. This article examines how the NDB responded to the challenge of strategic partnerships. It asks whether the NDB has developed its own partnership modalities, or to what degree? The main argument is that NDB adopted a varied approach of partnering, with each approach depending largely on the nature of the partner.
Holistic frailty prevention: The promise of movement‐based mind–body therapies
Authors: Loewenthal Julia , Berning Michelle J. , Wayne Peter M. , Eckstrom Elizabeth , Orkaby Ariela R.
Published: September 2023

Aging is characterized by fundamental cellular and molecular hallmarks that result in physiologic decline of most body systems. This may culminate in frailty, a state of decreased reserve. Because frailty is a state of multisystem dysregulation, multimodal interventions may be necessary to mitigate and prevent progression rather than interventions targeting a single system. Movement‐based mind–body therapies, such as tai chi and yoga, are promising multimodal strategies for frailty prevention and treatment given their inherent multicomponent nature. In this review, we summarize the links between hallmarks of aging and frailty and how tai chi and yoga may impact these hallmarks. We review trial evidence for the impact of tai chi and yoga on frailty in older populations and discuss opportunities for future research.
Symptoms of complex pelvic pain: A survey in three cohorts of women
Authors: Hagemann Cecilie Therese , Spetalen Siri , Saga Susan , Bratlie Ingvild , Dons Vilde , Stafne Signe Nilssen
Published: September 2023

Introduction

There has been increased interest in addressing chronic pelvic pain and its complexity in women. The often multifactorial etiology of chronic pelvic pain and its heterogeneous presentation, however, make the condition challenging to manage. Overlap with other pain‐related conditions is frequently reported, and chronic pelvic pain may impact sexual function. Nevertheless, little is known about the symptom burden of chronic pelvic pain and more complex pelvic pain in different groups of women. Thus, the aim of our study was to use a newly validated Norwegian version of the Amsterdam Complex Pelvic Pain Symptom Scale (ACPPS) to describe and compare the symptom severity of complex pelvic pain in three cohorts of women and to assess associations between demographic and gynecological characteristics and the severity of the condition.

Material and methods

In our cross‐sectional study, we collected self‐reported data from patients referred to gynecological outpatient clinics, members of vulvodynia or endometriosis patient associations, and healthy volunteers. The 397 participants (47% response rate) completed an online survey about their demographic and gynecological characteristics and symptoms related to complex pelvic pain, including the Norwegian ACPPS. Score means on questionnaires, with standard deviations and 95% confidence intervals, were recorded. We used Pearson's chi‐square test, Analysis of variance and multivariable linear regression were used to assess associations of demographic and gynecological characteristics with ACPPS scores.

Results

Members of the patient associations had significantly higher self‐reported symptom burden than patients and volunteers. Symptom burden was lower among older and postmenopausal women, and unemployed women scored higher than employed ones. Especially high scores on the ACPPS were found among women with complaints of chronic pelvic pain, at least moderate pelvic pain intensity, and/or chronic vulvar pain. Women who had experienced sexual assault and/or reported low sexual function also reported high scores. In multivariable regression, fibromyalgia, low mental health and past sexual assault were found to be associated with high scores on the ACPPS.

Conclusion

Many women in our study reported complex pelvic pain, and overlap with other pain‐related conditions, low mental health and past sexual assault was associated with high symptom burden. Those findings support taking a biopsychosocial approach to treating women who present with such complaints.
Treatment for retinopathy of prematurity in Sweden 2008–2021: Reduced gestational age of treated infants and remaining differences in treatment type and recurrence rates between hospitals
Authors: Holmström Gerd , Hellström Ann , Teär Fahnehjelm Kristina , Gränse Lotta , Sandgren Hochhard Karin , Sunnqvist Birgitta , Tornqvist Kristina , Tsamadou Despoina , Wallin Agneta , Larsson Eva
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate various aspects of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Sweden over the past 14 years, nationally and at a hospital level.

Methods

Data on screening and treatment for ROP in infants born in Sweden from 2008 to 2021 were extracted from the national ROP register, SWEDROP. During this period, Swedish screening guidelines were reduced from gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks to <31 weeks in 2012 and to <30 weeks in 2020.

Results

Altogether, 10 959 infants were screened and 600 infants treated for ROP during the study period. Parallel to changed guidelines, the number of screened infants decreased (p < 0.000) and the incidence of ROP and frequency of treatment increased (p < 0.001), while both remained similar in infants with a GA below 30 weeks. Among treated infants, GA and BW were reduced over the years (p < 0.001). Laser treatment (85.2% of primary treatments) became less common and anti‐VEGF injections (13.6%) became more common over time (p < 0.001). Altogether 16 eyes were treated with the encircling band and 13 with vitrectomy. The total frequency of retreatment (32.7% of treated eyes) remained similar over time but was more common after primary anti‐VEGF injection (67.7%) than laser treatment (27.2%). There were differences between the seven university hospitals regarding type of treatment and number of retreatments (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The frequency of treatment and retreatment for ROP remained similar over time, but the type of treatment changed and anti‐VEGF injections became more common. Differences between treating hospitals emphasize the importance of centralizing the most severe cases.
Measuring quality of vision including negative dysphotopsia
Authors: Makhotkina Natalia Y. , Nijkamp Marjan D. , Berendschot Tos T. J. M. , van den Borne Bart , Aelen‐van Kruchten Moniek , van Vught Luc , Beenakker Jan‐Willem M. , Krijgh Edwin , Aslam Tariq , Pesudovs Konrad , Nuijts Rudy M. M. A.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To adapt the Quality of Vision Questionnaire (QoV) for measuring negative dysphotopsia and to validate the original and modified versions in the Dutch population.

Methods

The QoV was translated into Dutch according to standardized methodology. Negative dysphotopsia items were constructed based on focus group interviews, literature review and clinical data. The questionnaire was completed by 404 subjects, including contact lens wearers, patients with cataract and after cataract surgery (95.5% with a monofocal, 4.5% with a multifocal intraocular lens). Rasch analysis was applied for evaluation of reliability and validity of the original QoV and modified version, Negative Dysphotopsia QoV (ND‐QoV).

Results

The frequency, severity and bothersome scales of the QoV and ND‐QoV demonstrated good measurement precision, good fit statistics for all but one item, but significant mistargeting of more than one logit. Item estimations were stable across the study groups and scales were unidimensional with more than 50% of variance explained by the measurements. There was a positive correlation between questionnaire scores and best corrected visual acuity (r = 0.3, p < 0.01). The quality of vision measured by all three scales was significantly poorer (p < 0.01) in patients with negative dysphotopsia compared to asymptomatic pseudophakic patients.

Conclusion

The Dutch version of the QoV questionnaire has shown good psychometric properties comparable to the native version as well as good reliability and validity. The addition of negative dysphotopsia items is a valuable modification for the reliable assessment of quality of vision in pseudophakic patients.
Third eye: Unraveling the past, present, and future of the transgender workforce
Authors: Singh Vibhav
Published: September 2023

In the 21st century, talent is dynamic, with workplaces being defined by diverse sexual orientations. In this context, a quantitative approach through the lens of a bibliometric technique of citation and co‐citation analyses was applied to study 456 publications on the topic of the transgender workforce from 1988 to 2022, and a co‐word analysis was used to showcase a visual representation of the concept. This research unravels significant lines of output; for instance, it assessed the publication efficiency of authors, journals, institutions, and nations. We obtained three clusters, which are: multilayered workplace discrimination against transgender employees, policies and practices to support transgender employees in the workplace, and the multi‐level impact of negative workplace experiences on transgender employees. Given the volume of literature, it is difficult for bibliometric analyses to unearth the entire knowledge structure of the concept. Therefore, this study attempts to understand the knowledge structure of the transgender workforce from a quantitative perspective. In addition, this study draws from and integrates disciplines like sociology, management, and psychology. Lastly, this research discusses how the concept has evolved over the decade.
Association between foreign background of executives and firm goodwill impairment risk
Authors: Su Wunhong , Wang Chunlin , Su Zhong‐qin
Published: September 2023

In recent years, the wave of mergers and acquisitions in the capital market has risen. As a result, the goodwill impairment (GI)of listed firms has been frequent. This study empirically examines the association between the foreign‐background characteristics of executives and firmGIrisk using data from 2008 to 2020 for A‐share listed firms in Shanghai and Shenzhen, China. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the foreign background of executives and the risk ofGIof firms. Further results show that executives with foreign working backgrounds have a more significant positive impact onGIrisk than executives with foreign study backgrounds. In addition, the positive effect of the foreign background of executives of non‐state‐owned enterprises (SOEs) onGIrisk is more profound than that of SOEs. However, internal controls and institutional investors’ shareholdings weaken the positive association between executives’ foreign backgrounds andGIrisk. This study provides evidence of the determinants ofGIin firms and the economic consequences of the foreign‐background characteristics of executives.
Early cerebral palsy motor therapies research: Hope springs and science matters
Authors: Maitre Nathalie L.
Published: September 2023

This commentary is on the original article by Prosser et al. on pages 233–243 of this issue.
Hybrid processes within parenting plan assessments: Rationale and an illustrative model
Authors: Simon Robert A. , Shienvold Arnold T.
Published: September 2023

Parenting plan Assessments, also known as child custody evaluations, are forensic psychological investigations into the needs of children, the parenting capacities of their caregivers, and the resulting fit between the children's needs and caregiver capacities. Typically, they result in recommendations that are, in the opinion of the assessor, formulated to meet the best interests of children regarding a parenting plan, child sharing, parental responsibilities and ancillary services that are likely to support the children's optimal functioning as well as the functioning of the now reconfigured family. Such assessments are part of a pathway to untangling conflicts between the parents regarding the most appropriate parenting plan for the reconfigured family. Paradoxically, the assessment process can exacerbate the conflict, entrench parental polarization, and create lingering feelings of helplessness, frustration, and disempowerment in the parents. This article provides a rationale for the use of a hybrid process that incorporates alternative dispute resolution as an integrated part of the parenting plan assessment and provides an illustrative model of such a hybrid process.
Coastal Groundwater‐Dependent Ecosystems are Falling Through Policy Gaps
Authors: Dyring Madeleine , Rohde Melissa M. , Froend Ray , Hofmann Harald
Published: September 2023

Coastal groundwater‐dependent ecosystems (GDEs), such as wetlands, estuaries and nearshore marine habitats, are biodiversity hotspots that provide valuable ecosystem services to society. However, coastal groundwater and associated ecosystems are under threat from groundwater exploitation and depletion, as well as climate change impacts from sea‐level rise and extreme flood and drought events. Despite many well‐intentioned policies focused on sustainable groundwater use and species protection, coastal GDEs are falling through gaps generated by siloed policies and as a result, are declining in extent and ecological function. This study summarized then examined policies related to the management of coastal groundwater and connected ecosystems in two key case study areas: Queensland (Australia) and California (USA). Despite both areas being regarded as having progressive groundwater policy, our analysis revealed three universal policy gaps, including (1) a lack of recognition of the underlying groundwater system, (2) fragmented policies and complex governance structures that limit coordination, and (3) inadequate guidance for coastal GDE management. Overall, our analysis revealed that coastal GDE conservation relied heavily on inclusion within protected areas or was motivated by species recovery, meaning supporting groundwater systems remained underprotected and outside the remit of conservation efforts. To close these gaps, we consider the adoption of ecosystem‐based management principles to foster integrated governance between disparate agencies and consider management tools that bridge traditional conservation realms. Our findings advocate for comprehensive policy frameworks that holistically address the complexities of coastal GDEs across the land‐sea continuum to foster their long‐term sustainability and conservation.
The antifreeze activity and physicochemical properties ofLitopenaeus vannameihead autolysate
Authors: Majura Julieth Joram , Han Mei , Ouyang Jijing , Chen Xiujuan , Chen Zhongqin , Tan Mingtang , Gao Jialong , Lin Haisheng , Zheng Huina , Cao Wenhong
Published: September 2023

Litopenaeus vannameiheads were autolysed at a constant temperature of 50 °C, pH 7.0 for a maximum duration of 5 h, and the antifreeze activity and physicochemical properties of the head autolysates were determined. Thermal hysteresis (TH) was used as an index for determining the antifreeze activity of the shrimp head autolysates. The highest thermal hysteresis activity was 1.82 °C which was measured in the 5 h‐shrimp head autolysate. The highest negative zeta potential value (−41.06 ± 2.08 mV) and surface hydrophobicity (295.575 ± 9.7819) were in the 5 and 1.5 h autolysate groups, respectively. Generally, <2000 Da components accounted for over 85% of the total molecular weight in all shrimp head autolysate groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate how physicochemical properties influenced the thermal hysteresis index. Although at varying degrees, the analysis confirmed that a positive correlation existed between TH activity and molecular weight, hydrophobic amino acid content, and surface hydrophobicity. A negative correlation existed between TH activity and zeta potential, and hydrophilic amino acids. The findings of our study suggest thatLitopenaeus vannameihead autolysate has a potential antifreeze effect and that the physicochemical properties influence its thermal hysteresis.
The impact of sufentanil versus remifentanil on surgical site wound healing in caesarean section primiparas undergoing epidural anaesthesia: A systematic meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Jiefeng , Li Ting , Pan Zhengbin , Ke Yanjun , Ding Jielan
Published: September 2023

Caesarean section (C‐section) is a prevalent obstetric surgical procedure, with the choice of analgesic agents playing a pivotal role in postoperative recovery. This systematic meta‐analysis aimed to compare the effects of sufentanil (ST) and remifentanil (RT) on postoperative wound healing in caesarean section primiparas undergoing epidural anaesthesia. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, yielding eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for inclusion. The primary outcome was wound healing assessment using the REEDA (redness, edema, ecchymosis, discharge, approximation) scale on the third, fifth and tenth postoperative days. The meta‐analysis encompassed 691 primiparas. A significant difference in wound healing was observed between ST and RT on the third (I2 = 99%; Random: SMD: 6.75, 95% CIs: 3.11–10.39, p < 0.01) and fifth days (I2 = 99%; Random: SMD: 3.63, 95% CIs: 1.56–5.70, p < 0.01) postcaesarean section. However, no significant difference was noted on the tenth day (I2 = 5%; Random: SMD: 0.00, 95% CIs: −0.45–0.45, p = 0.35). Sufentanil and remifentanil exhibit differential effects on early postoperative wound healing in caesarean section primiparas undergoing epidural anaesthesia. While both opioids are effective analgesics, sufentanil demonstrates a more pronounced impact on wound healing during the immediate postoperative days. Clinicians should consider these findings when selecting an opioid for pain management in this patient population.
The impact of negative pressure wound therapy on surgical wound infection, hospital stay and postoperative complications after spinal surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lu Shengwei , Yuan Zan , He Xinning , Du Zhiyong , Wang Ying
Published: September 2023

To systematically assess the effect of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on postoperative surgical wound infection, length of hospital stay and postoperative complications after spinal surgery. Relevant studies on the application of NPWT in spinal surgery were conducted via a computerised database search, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang, from inception to June 2023. The identified literature was rigorously screened and data extraction was performed by two investigators independently. The quality of the relevant studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). The effect size for count data was determined by the odds ratio (OR), while the impact size for measurement data was expressed as the standardised mean difference (SMD). The 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each effect magnitude. Stata 17.0 software was used for the meta‐analysis. Ten papers, totalling 1448 patients, were finally included. This study demonstrated that NPWT led to a statistically significant reduction in the occurrence of postoperative surgical wound infections (OR: 0.377, 95% CI: 0.238–0.598, p < 0.001), fewer postoperative complications (OR: 0.526, 95% CI: 0.360–0.770, p = 0.001) and a shortened hospital stay (SMD: −0.678, 95%CI: −1.324 to −0.031, p = 0.040) after spinal surgery compared with the control group. When compared with other treatment approaches, NPWT also demonstrated a substantial reduction in surgical wound infections and postoperative complications, as well as a shorter duration of hospitalisation after spinal surgery.
Heterogeneity of otolith chemical composition from two‐dimensional mapping: Relationship with biomineralization mechanisms and implications for microchemistry analyses
Authors: de Pontual Hélène , MacKenzie Kirsteen M. , Tabouret Hélène , Daverat Françoise , Mahé Kélig , Pecheyran Christophe , Hüssy Karin
Published: September 2023

Although otoliths are widely used as archives to infer life‐history traits and habitat use in fishes, their biomineralization process remains poorly understood. This lack of knowledge is problematic as it can lead to misinterpretation of the different types of signals (e.g., optical or chemical) that provide basic data for research in fish ecology, fisheries management, and species conservation. Otolith calcification relies on a complex system involving a pericrystalline fluid, the endolymph, whose organic and inorganic compositions are spatially heterogeneous for some constituents. This property stems from the particular structure of the calcifying saccular epithelium. In this study, we explored the spatial heterogeneity of elemental incorporation in otoliths for two species of high economic interest, European hake Merluccius merluccius (L. 1758) and European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L. 1758). Two‐dimensional mappings of chemical elements were obtained using UV high‐repetition‐rate femtosecond laser ablation (fs‐LA) system coupled to a high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometer analyses on transverse sections of sagittae. Results highlighted a clear asymmetry between proximal (sulcus) and distal (antisulcus) concentrations for elements such as magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), and potassium (K) with concentration gradient directions that varied depending on the element. Strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) did not show a proximo‐distal gradient. These results are discussed in light of current knowledge on the endolymph composition and the mechanisms that lead to its compartmentalization, highlighting the need for further research on otolith biomineralization. Operational implications for studies based on otolith chemical composition are also discussed with emphasis on advice for sampling strategies to avoid analytical biases and the need for in‐depth analyses of analytical settings before comparing otolith signatures between species or geographical areas.
Cherished families, unspoken truths: Navigating hidden and challenging family experiences while growing up with LGBTQ parents
Authors: Goldberg Abbie E. , Allen Katherine R. , Sanner Caroline
Published: September 2023

Objective

This study aims to advance understanding of hidden, complex, and resilient family experiences as perceived by adult children from LGBTQ‐parent families.

Background

Difficult and taboo family topics (e.g., mental illness, substance abuse, violence, infidelity, poverty) are rarely examined, particularly among LGBTQ‐parent families, in part reflecting researcher and family concerns about stigmatization or misrepresentation. Unique, complex, and resilient aspects of growing up in LGBTQ‐parent families reveal the need to study LGBTQ‐parent families in their own right, and not simply from a heteronormative, comparative perspective.

Method

A sample of 39 adults raised by LGBTQ parents responded to a mixed‐methods online survey regarding parental and child‐related dynamics, challenges, and disclosure practices experienced while growing up. Descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis were used to analyze the data.

Results

Participants reported an array of challenging family experiences, about which they recalled great pressure to conceal, because of the intersecting stigmas associated with their parents' sexual orientation, the difficulties they faced, and their associated fears of negative evaluation and interference by systems of authority. Their narratives revealed several themes related to navigating challenging LGBTQ family experiences, such as feeling that their families' difficulties were not the result of having LGBTQ parents, but instead due to structural heteronormativity and marginalization.

Conclusion

As a minoritized group, LGBTQ‐parent families experience societal scrutiny and family stress. Yet, despite reporting multiple problems and stressors associated with their childhoods, participants also revealed great insight and resilience as they sought to understand the complexity of their family upbringing.
Exploration of individual factors influencing self‐reported household food waste in Australia
Authors: Gimenez Ana , Ares Gastón , Jaeger Sara R.
Published: September 2023

Food losses and waste (FLW) is a global problem. Because household FLW is one of the biggest contributors to total FLW, strategies are being implemented to reduce per capita FLW in many countries. The present research contributed to this goal by investigating individual factors influencing self‐reported household food waste in Australia. Using a web survey, data were obtained from 847 consumers. The average per capita food waste corresponded to 339 g/week and the median to 180 g/week. The most frequently wasted food categories were fresh vegetables and salads, fresh fruit, and bread. The percentage of participants reporting having disposed of these categories ranged between 45.9% and 65.9%. Although socio‐demographic characteristics have been identified as relevant influencers of household food waste, the evidence is still inconclusive about the strength of their effects. Results from the present work identified significant effects of age and household size. For the former, the amount of per capita household food wasted tended to reduce with participants' age. Regarding the effect of household size, per capita food waste decreased with the number of people in the household. The present research also explored the effect of a series of psychological factors on the amount of food waste and five hypotheses derived based on the postulates of theories of consumer behavior were supported.

Practical applications

The association between the amount of food waste reported by participants and their intention to engage in food waste reduction behaviors and the positive effect of awareness on behavioral intention suggest the potential of communication campaigns to trigger behavioral change. Males and younger citizens should be targeted in such campaigns given their lower awareness compared with females and older citizens.
Expression of tight junction proteins in smokers and non‐smokers with generalized Stage III periodontitis
Authors: Güney Zeliha , Kurgan Şivge , Önder Canan , Serdar Muhittin A. , Günhan Ömer , Günhan Meral
Published: September 2023

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), occludin (Occ), and tricellulin (Tric) in periodontitis, as well as their alterations due to smoking.

Background

Tight junctions (TJ), which consist of transmembrane and cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins, connect the epithelial cells of the periodontium. Occ, claudins, junctional adhesion molecules, and Tric are transmembrane TJ proteins found at the cell membrane. The transmembrane TJ proteins and the intracellular cytoskeleton are directly linked by cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins such as ZO‐1. Although the functions and locations of these molecules have been defined, their behavior in periodontal inflammation is unknown.

Methods

The study included four groups: individuals with periodontal health without smoking (C; n = 31), individuals with generalized Stage III periodontitis without smoking (P; n = 28), individuals with periodontal health while smoking (CS; n = 22), and individuals with generalized Stage III periodontitis while smoking (PS; n = 18). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to examine ZO‐1, Occ, Tric, and TNF‐α levels in GCF.

Results

In the periodontitis groups, clinical parameters were significantly higher (p < .001). The site‐specific levels of TNF‐α, ZO‐1, Tric, and Occ in the P group were statistically higher than those in the other groups (p < .05). TNF‐α, probing pocket depth (PPD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) exhibited positive correlations with all TJ proteins (p < .005).

Conclusions

Smoking could potentially affect the levels of epithelial TJ proteins in the GCF, thereby potentially playing a significant role in the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease.
Association of thyroid function with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in recent‐onset diabetes
Authors: Saatmann Nina , Schön Martin , Zaharia Oana‐Patricia , Huttasch Maximilian , Strassburger Klaus , Trenkamp Sandra , Kupriyanova Yuliya , Schrauwen‐Hinderling Vera , Kahl Sabine , Burkart Volker , Wagner Robert , Roden Michael ,   for the GDS Group
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been linked to type 2 diabetes (T2D), but also to hypothyroidism. Nevertheless, the relationship between thyroid function and NAFLD in diabetes is less clear. This study investigated associations between free thyroxine (fT4) or thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) and NAFLD in recent‐onset diabetes.

Methods

Participants with recent‐onset type 1 diabetes (T1D, n = 358), T2D (n = 596) or without diabetes (CON, n = 175) of the German Diabetes Study (GDS), a prospective longitudinal cohort study, underwent Botnia clamp tests and assessment of fT4, TSH, fatty liver index (FLI) and in a representative subcohort 1H‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Results

First, fT4 levels were similar between T1D and T2D (p = .55), but higher than in CON (T1D: p < .01; T2D: p < .001), while TSH concentrations were not different between all groups. Next, fT4 correlated negatively with FLI and positively with insulin sensitivity only in T2D (ß = −.110, p < .01; ß = .126, p < .05), specifically in males (ß = −.117, p < .05; ß = .162; p < .01) upon adjustments for age, sex and BMI. However, correlations between fT4 and FLI lost statistical significance after adjustment for insulin sensitivity (T2D: ß = −.021, p = 0.67; males with T2D: ß = −.033; p = .56). TSH was associated positively with FLI only in male T2D before (ß = .116, p < .05), but not after adjustments for age and BMI (ß = .052; p = .30).

Conclusions

Steatosis risk correlates with lower thyroid function in T2D, which is mediated by insulin resistance and body mass, specifically in men, whereas no such relationship is present in T1D.
Fine‐grained chondrule rims in Mighei‐like carbonaceous chondrites: Evidence for a nebular origin and modification by impacts and recurrent solar radiation heating
Authors: Mouti Al‐Hashimi Xeynab , Davidson Jemma , Schrader Devin L. , Bullock Emma S.
Published: September 2023

The Mighei‐like carbonaceous (CM) chondrites, the most abundant carbonaceous chondrite group by number, further our understanding of processes that occurred in their formation region in the protoplanetary disk and in their parent body/bodies and provide analogs for understanding samples returned from carbonaceous asteroids. Chondrules in the CMs are commonly encircled by fine‐grained rims (FGRs) whose origins are debated. We present the abundances, sizes, and petrographic observations of FGRs in six CMs that experienced varying intensities of parent body processing, including aqueous and thermal alteration. The samples studied here, in approximate order of increasing thermal alteration experienced, are Allan Hills 83100, Murchison, Meteorite Hills 01072, Elephant Moraine 96029, Yamato‐793321, and Pecora Escarpment 91008. Based on observations of these CM chondrites, we recommend a new average apparent (2‐D) chondrule diameter of 170 μm, which is smaller than previous estimates and overlaps with that of the Ornans‐like carbonaceous (CO) chondrites. Thus, we suggest that chondrule diameters are not diagnostic for distinguishing between CM and CO chondrites. We also argue that chondrule foliation noted in ALH 83100, MET 01072, and Murchison resulted from multiple low‐intensity impacts; that FGRs in CMs formed in the protoplanetary disk and were subsequently altered by both aqueous and thermal secondary alteration processes in their parent asteroid; and that the heat experienced by some CM chondrites may have originated from solar radiation of their source body/bodies during close solar passage as evidenced by the presence of evolved desiccation cracks in FGRs that formed by recurrent wetting and desiccation cycles.
LncRNA 152 attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced acute kidney injury in rats by regulating the FGF23/Klotho/MAPK axis
Authors: Lei Li , Zhang Sheng , Hou Rui , Dong Pei
Published: September 2023

Aim

This study aimed to explore the effect and related mechanisms of LncRNA 152 in acute kidney injury (AKI).

Methods

QRT‐PCR was used to detect the expression of LncRNA 152, FGF23 and Klotho in the serum of patients with AKI. Subsequently, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were induced into AKI animal model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Then, H&E staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in the rat kidney tissues; qRT‐PCR to detect the expression of LncRNA 152, FGF23 and Klotho in the rat kidney tissues; biochemical assay and ELISA to assess the levels of renal function indexes and inflammatory factors in rat serum, as well as oxidative stress indexes in kidney tissues; and western blot to measure the protein expressions of FGF23, Klotho, p‐p38 and p38 in rat kidney tissues.

Results

LncRNA 152 was significantly down‐regulated in serum of AKI patients and kidney tissues of AKI rats. In AKI patients, LncRNA 152 was negatively correlated with FGF23 expression while positively correlated with Klotho expression. LncRNA 152 overexpression reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and cystatin C (Cys‐C) and inflammatory factors in serum of AKI rats and attenuated pathological damage and oxidative stress of kidney tissues. In addition, LncRNA 152 overexpression also decreased FGF23 expression and p‐p38/p38 ratio while up‐regulated Klotho expression in the kidney tissues of AKI rats.

Conclusion

LncRNA 152 attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses by regulating the FGF23/Klotho axis and inhibiting the MAPK signalling pathway in rat kidney tissues, thereby ameliorating LPS‐induced AKI.

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On the problems and possibilities of feminist solidarity: The Women's March one year on
Authors: Emejulu Akwugo
Published: September 2023

One year on from the Women's March, Akwugo Emejulu argues that feminists must confront the exclusionary politics which have so often been embedded in their activism.
The history of feminism: A look to the past?
Authors: Riley Charlotte
Published: September 2023

For every battle won, there is a fight that still needs to be fought. And for every critic won over to the cause, there has been one whose resolve to resist progress has only been strengthened. Charlotte Riley looks back over the patchwork history of feminism.
Rethinking low pay and in‐work poverty
Authors: Bennett Fran
Published: September 2023

There is frequent confusion in public debate and media stories between low pay and in‐work poverty. Fran Bennett argues that a focus on gender roles and relationships, and gendered access to resources, is essential to unpick the distinction between these two problems.
Counting the cost: BME women and gender‐based violence in the UK
Authors: Siddiqui Hannana
Published: September 2023

Gender‐based violence is worryingly prevalent across all parts of the UK but it is among BME women and girls where its rates are highest. Hannana Siddiqui explores the impact of intersectional discrimination which is failing to support and protect these women.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi integrate nitrogen mobilisation and mineral weathering in boreal forest soil
Authors: Mahmood Shahid , Fahad Zaenab , Bolou‐Bi Emile B. , King Katharine , Köhler Stephan J. , Bishop Kevin , Ekblad Alf , Finlay Roger D.
Published: September 2023

Tree growth in boreal forests is driven by ectomycorrhizal fungal mobilisation of organic nitrogen and mineral nutrients in soils with discrete organic and mineral horizons. However, there are no studies of how ectomycorrhizal mineral weathering and organic nitrogen mobilisation processes are integrated across the soil profile.

We studied effects of organic matter (OM) availability on ectomycorrhizal functioning by altering the proportions of natural organic and mineral soil in reconstructed podzol profiles containing Pinus sylvestris plants, using 13CO2 pulse labelling, patterns of naturally occurring stable isotopes (26Mg and 15N) and high‐throughput DNA sequencing of fungal amplicons.

Reduction in OM resulted in nitrogen limitation of plant growth and decreased allocation of photosynthetically derived carbon and mycelial growth in mineral horizons. Fractionation patterns of 26Mg indicated that magnesium mobilisation and uptake occurred primarily in the deeper mineral horizon and was driven by carbon allocation to ectomycorrhizal mycelium. In this horizon, relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi, carbon allocation and base cation mobilisation all increased with increased OM availability.

Allocation of carbon through ectomycorrhizal fungi integrates organic nitrogen mobilisation and mineral weathering across soil horizons, improving the efficiency of plant nutrient acquisition. Our findings have fundamental implications for sustainable forest management and belowground carbon sequestration.
Rethinking the national quality framework: Improving the quality and safety of alcohol and other drug treatment in Australia
Authors: Henriksen Simone M.
Published: September 2023

The national quality framework (NQF) has been implemented to improve the safety and quality of alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment and provide a nationally consistent approach to treatment quality in Australia. At the same time, concerns have been raised that, in the absence of appropriate regulatory structures to support the NQF, the quality and safety of AOD treatment services cannot be guaranteed in Australia. An effective enforcement strategy is critical to the ability of the NQF to provide a nationally consistent approach to the delivery of AOD treatment in Australia. The monitoring and enforcement strategy proposed by the NQF encompasses two different mechanisms. For specialist AOD treatment providers in receipt of government funding, monitoring and enforcement of the NQF will occur via contractual arrangements. For providers not in receipt of government funding, monitoring and enforcement will be managed by regulatory mechanisms as decided by each jurisdiction. This proposed enforcement strategy raises the question of whether contractual arrangements are the most effective mechanism for monitoring and enforcing the NQF in publicly funded specialist AOD treatment providers. This paper considers whether a licensing regime may address the shortcomings that arise from the proposed strategy. It argues that the pluralistic approach to the monitoring and enforcement of the NQF will result in substantive differences in how the NQF is enforced both within individual jurisdictions and on a broader national level. A licensing regime, therefore, would be a more appropriate monitoring and enforcement strategy.