bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Servant Leadership. Case Study-Starbucks
Authors:   Professor, Department of Accounting and Informational Systems, International Hellenic University, Thermi, Greece., Dimitrakaki Ioanna
Published: February 2023

The concept of leadership is perhaps the most overused word, which has been harnessed with so many conceptual meanings, stakes and implications. In the various scientific articles, it has been understood as a structural characteristic of the personality, while many times it has been linked to the organizational conditions of the organization. Often, it has been approached as a behavioral characteristic. Given the proven research value of the concept of leadership, a deeper understanding of the nature of leadership can be extremely important. Leadership has been understood as a process of exercising social influence in an organization or group. In the same context, a leading individual (leader) will tend to initiate invisible and overt processes, where other individuals may be supported in starting and completing tasks. According to the above approach, a leader does not simply plan on the safe side, but leads by taking a significant, ongoing risk—of achieving overall goals or approaching total failure. Servant leadership can be an extremely important leadership philosophy to match the complex conditions of the modern environment. This was explored in the current paper, through the analysis of the global success of the Starbucks café chain.
Arbitrarily Accurate Classification Applied to Specific Emitter Identification
Authors: Kleder Michael
Published: February 2023

This article introduces a method of evaluating subsamples until any prescribed level of classification accuracy is attained, thus obtaining arbitrary accuracy. A logarithmic reduction in error rate is obtained with a linear increase in sample count. The technique is applied to specific emitter identification on a published dataset of physically recorded over-the-air signals from 16 ostensibly identical high-performance radios. The technique uses a multi-channel deep learning convolutional neural network acting on the bispectra of I/Q signal subsamples each consisting of 56 parts per million (ppm) of the original signal duration. High levels of accuracy are obtained with minimal computation time: in this application, each addition of eight samples decreases error by one order of magnitude.
An Unbounded Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Based on Ideal Lattices and Chinese Remainder Theorem
Authors: Zhiyong Zheng , Liu Fengxia , Kun Tian
Published: February 2023

We propose an unbounded fully homomorphic encryption scheme, i.e. a scheme that allows one to compute on encrypted data for any desired functions without needing to decrypt the data or knowing the decryption keys. This is a rational solution to an old problem proposed by Rivest, Adleman, and Dertouzos \cite{32} in 1978, and to some new problems appeared in Peikert \cite{28} as open questions 10 and open questions 11 a few years ago.

Our scheme is completely different from the breakthrough work \cite{14,15} of Gentry in 2009. Gentry's bootstrapping technique constructs a fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme from a somewhat homomorphic one that is powerful enough to evaluate its own decryption function. To date, it remains the only known way of obtaining unbounded FHE. Our construction of unbounded FHE scheme is straightforward and noise-free that can handle unbounded homomorphic computation on any refreshed ciphertexts without bootstrapping transformation technique.
Optimal Decision Strategies for the Generalized Cuckoo Card Game
Authors: Mignoni Nicola , Carli Raffaele , Dotoli Mariagrazia
Published: February 2023

Cuckoo is a popular card game, which originated in France during the 15th century and then spread throughout Europe, where it is currently well-known under distinct names and with different variants. Cuckoo is an imperfect information game-of-chance, which makes the research regarding its optimal strategies determination interesting. The rules are simple: each player receives a covered card from the dealer; starting from the player at the dealer's left, each player looks at its own card and decides whether to exchange it with the player to their left, or keep it; the dealer plays at last and, if it decides to exchange card, it draws a random one from the remaining deck; the player(s) with the lowest valued card lose(s) the round.

We formulate the gameplay mathematically and provide an analysis of the optimal decision policies. Different card decks can be used for this game, e.g., the standard 52-card deck or the Italian 40-card deck. We generalize the decision model for an arbitrary number decks' cards, suites, and players. Lastly, through numerical simulations, we compare the determined optimal decision strategy against different benchmarks, showing that the strategy outperforms the random and naive policies and approaches the performance of the ideal oracle.

This preprint has been accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Games. 

How to cite: N. Mignoni, R. Carli and M. Dotoli, "Optimal Decision Strategies for the Generalized Cuckoo Card Game," in IEEE Transactions on Games.

 © 2023 IEEE.  Personal use of this material is permitted.  Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.
On Channel Capacity in Millimeter-Wave Wireless Data Centers
Authors: ZAAIMIA Mohammed Zakarya
Published: February 2023

This paper evaluates the 60 GHz channel capacity based on wireless data center (WDC) channel models and radio measurements in a productivity server room. The channel capacity is evaluated to study the frequency selectivity effects on three receiver structures, namely a guard interval based OFDM receiver, a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and a matched filter (MF) based receiver. The capacity is evaluated according to the IEEE 802.11ad channelization scheme with respect to the 10 Gbps Ethernet (10GigE) wired network links. The wireless capacity was found limited in terms of practical coverage distances considering the 10GigE wired throughput constraint

 
The Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus campestris, unexpected presence on Gorgona Island (Tuscan Archipelago)
Authors: Zuffi Marco Alberto Luca , Coladonato Alan J. , Lombardo Gianluca , Torroni Antonio , Boschetti Matilde , Scali Stefano , Mangiacotti Marco , Sacchi Roberto
Published: February 2023

We here report the unexpected presence of the Italian wall lizard (Podarcis siculus campestris) on Gorgona Island, in the Parco Nazionale Arcipelago Toscano (Tuscan Archipelago, Tyrrhenian Sea, Tuscany, Central Italy). Field observations were carried out in 2020 confirming its presence on the island, where it had never been reported before. We recorded 37 GPS points of the species in three major areas of Gorgona (with 50 lizard records) and about 180 visual counts regarding all age classes (newborns, juveniles and adults). The species was found in the urban area (site of state prison) and in two grassy and bushed areas, around and along olive tree plantations. Seven individuals were captured and their tails were used to assess the sequence variation of the mitochondrial CYB gene. Biometrical parameters were also evaluated for six of these individuals. We detected three distinct CYB haplotypes that were compared to Podarcis siculus CYB sequences available in public databases. They resulted identical or phylogenetically closest to those found in mainland Tuscany. One haplotype, found in three specimens, was identical to one previously detected at Orti Bottagone (WWF Oasis in Piombino), while the other two haplotypes were most similar to haplotypes reported in the Giannella peninsula and Pisa, respectively.
Preliminary genetic characterisation of Southern Smooth Snake Coronella girondica (Serpentes, Colubridae) populations in Italy, with some considerations on their alpine distribution
Authors: Di Nicola Matteo R. , Melfi Raffaella , Faraone Francesco P. , Iversen Daniel L.N. , Giacalone Gabriele , Paolino Giovanni , Lo Valvo Mario
Published: February 2023

The Southern smooth snake, Coronella girondica, is a small-sized colubrid found in Northwest Africa and Southwest Europe. Mitochondrial DNA-based studies showed that the species can be split into five clades: two from Northwest Africa (one Moroccan and one Tunisian-Algerian) and three from Europe (one in the south-west of the Iberian Peninsula, one in the south-east of Spain and one in the rest of the European range). With regards to Italy, to date, only two samples have been analysed both from the Province of Pisa, Tuscany, pointing at that fact that genetic characterisation of Italian populations is still lacking. Accordingly, we have increased the sampling coverage with 19 new samples from northern and central regions of Italy, including two populations, apparently disconnected from the rest of the known range, and analysed their phylogenetic relationships using a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Our results confirm the general phylogenetic arrangement detected in previous studies; specifically for Italian populations, no variability emerged from the Apennine populations, and a slight differentiation could be shown for the Alpine and subalpine ones. This pattern can be explained assuming past spread and recent isolation of C. girondica relict populations in the Alpine region, likely during the Last Glacial Maximum. Later, during the Holocene, the Italian Alps and the Po Plain went through various climatic variations and high anthropization which may have influenced C. girondica distribution through expansion and contraction processes.
Sunny-side up: ontogenetic variation in egg mass temperatures of the wood frog Rana sylvatica
Authors: Calsbeek Ryan , Calsbeek Ava , Calsbeek Isabel
Published: February 2023

The efficacy of most biological processes is temperature dependent and, within physiological limits, on average, warmer is better. This axiom of biology has led to a wide range of adaptations for dealing with temperatures that are outside of an organism’s preferred temperature. Many pond-breeding amphibians lay their eggs during early spring, when water temperatures are near freezing. Communal nest-site selection has been proposed as a mechanism to increase developmental temperatures, and temperatures near the center of egg-mass aggregations are elevated relative to egg-masses on the aggregation’s periphery. It is unclear whether this spatial variation in temperature is due to concentration of metabolic heat, absorption of solar radiation, or both. Here, we explore finer scale spatial variation within egg masses of the wood frog Rana sylvatica, one of the earliest amphibians to breed during the North American spring. We compared peripheral and core temperatures of egg masses that were exposed either to 1) ambient sunlight from above, or 2) sunlight reflected by a mirror from below. We found that differences between core and peripheral temperatures were higher in the control than in the mirror treatment, but core and peripheral temperatures were statistically indistinguishable in both cases. Moreover, the difference in peripheral and internal temperatures increased significantly over the course of development. However, these trends were only significant in ambient sunlight and actually decreased in the mirror group. Our results suggest that the benefits of communal nesting are also experienced by individual egg masses, albeit to a lesser extent. In addition, the lack of effect in shaded egg masses suggests that the thermal advantage is tied to sun exposure and not due to concentration of metabolic heat.
Occupancy and probability of detection of the introduced population of Eleutherodactylus coqui in Turrialba, Costa Rica
Authors: Barrantes-Madrigal Jimmy , Spínola Parallada Manuel , Alvarado Gilbert , Acosta-Chaves Víctor J.
Published: February 2023

The Puerto Rican Common coqui frog (Eleutherodactylus coqui) has a long history as an invasive species in places such as Hawaii. Since its introduction in Costa Rica, scarce information is available to understand why and how the habitat in the Turrialba town is suitable for the species. Our goal was to analyze the habitat selection of E. coqui to identify if there are key habitat features that explained its success there. We measured 9 site variables that may affect the habitat selection of E. coqui in 92 survey units of 10 m radius distributed over a 500 m radius from its introduction point.  We registered the presence/pseudo-absence data of E. coqui and environmental variables in each survey unit during eight surveys. We ran occupancy models to determine the influence of the variables on the habitat selection and to estimate its detection probability. We found that sites near the introduction point, containing abundant vegetation, bromeliads, and palms have a higher probability to be occupied by E. coqui. The habitat selection in Costa Rica shares characteristics with the populations of Puerto Rico and Hawaii. But, unlike the case in Hawaii, in Costa Rica this species has maintained a limited dispersal because the potentially higher biotic resistance, as well a sedentary behavior. However, the microhabitat conditions used by E. coqui in the study site are common throughout the country. Therefore, active management in new populations and environmental education programs to avoid human transportation of the species is critical to reduce its dispersal.
Comparative cytogenetics on Zamenis lineatus and Elaphe quatuorlineata (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Authors: Mezzasalma Marcello , Brunelli Elvira , Odierna Gaetano , Guarino Fabio M.
Published: February 2023

Because of their peculiar genomic and chromosomal characteristics, reptiles are extraordinary model organisms to study karyotype and sex chromosome evolution, but despite the growing interest in their evolutionary cytogenetics, only a small fraction of species have a known karyotype. We performed a comparative cytogenetic analysis on Elaphe quatuorlineata and Zamenis lineatus, using classic and molecular techniques. We provide the karyotype of these two species and an assessment of their chromosomal features. Chromosome analysis was performed with standard karyotyping, C-banding, sequential C-banding + CMA3 + DAPI and Ag-NOR staining. On E. quatuorlineata, we also performed CMA3-methyl green staining and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization mapping NOR loci (NOR-FISH). Elaphe quatuorlineata and Z. lineatus show a very similar karyotype of 2n = 36, with 8 macro- and 10 microchromosome pairs, but differ in the morphology of the pair 8, which resulted submetacentric in the former and metacentric in the latter species. By comparing our data to those available from the literature on congeneric species, we analysed the occurrence of primitive and derivate chromosomal characters and provide cytotaxonomic insights, which further support the species status of Z. lineatus. In both species, the 4th pair was identified as the sex chromosome pair (ZZ/ZW) and NORs were localized on a microchromosome pair. We finally highlight in both genera Elaphe and Zamenis different stages of heterochromatinization of the W chromosome, in agreement with the progressive diversification model of sex chromosome as already shown in different reptile taxa.
Species diversity and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Corti Claudia , Biaggini Marta , Nulchis Valeria , Cogoni Roberto , Cossu Ilaria Maria , Frau Salvatore , Mulargia Manuela , Lunghi Enrico , Bassu Lara
Published: February 2023

Although distribution databases are a dynamic tool, continuously updated, it is important to take “snapshots” of the species distribution over time to promptly identify potential conservation issues. With this work, we provide an update of the distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Sardinia and satellite islands. Data derive from both direct field observations (carried out since 2005 until July 2022) and literature, accounting for over 7000 records: 1416 records of 11 species of amphibians and 5600 records of 18 species of reptiles. Distribution maps (on 10 × 10 km UTM grid) of 29 species are provided in supplementary materials as well as the updated list of the amphibians and reptiles occurring in the circum-Sardinian islands. Most of the meshes were characterized by the presence of 1-3 amphibian species (73%) and 6-8 or 9-11 reptile species (32% with 6-8 species, 30% with 9-11 species). Species abundance was favoured by environmental heterogeneity, and mostly varied in relation to elevation range and edge density.
Estimation of Runoff from River Asa Watershed Using SCS Curve Number and Geographic Information System (GIS)
Authors: Olaniyan O.S. , Ayemu A.I. , Adeyokunnu A.T. , Ojo E.O. , Afolabi L.A.
Published: February 2023

The study aims to determine the runoff depth using Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method in Geographical Information System (GIS) environment. For River Asa Watershed, the SCS Curve Number method has been adopted for estimating the runoff depth using Rainfall data from 1987-2018. Land use and change cover map were used for the classification of soil type, in order to determine the Hydrological Soil Group (HSG) using ArcGIS. The runoff was estimated from the rainfall runoff equation. The Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC), potential maximum retention(s) and initial abstraction were computed. Thematic maps such as Soil and Land Use / Land cover and have been used in conjunction with hydrological data for determining hydrological soil Group (HSG) and Curve Number (CN) for land used and change cover classes over the watershed. The values of Hydrological Soil Group, Curve Number and Annual runoff depth varied (6.28-914.22) km2, (65-100) and (16.50-144.89) × 106 m3. The study shows that the high runoff depth was observed in Hydrological soil group (HSG), when compared with curve number (CN), this is due to dense vegetation cover.
3D City Model from LiDAR of Akoka, Lagos Using Geographical Information Technique
Authors: Makinde E.O. , Onaneye A.O.
Published: February 2023

3D city models are now widely adapted globally and since Lagos state is fast developing into a megacity, there is the need to have proper 3D city visuals. This study therefore created and visualized a 3D building model from LiDAR and orthophoto data of Akoka in Lagos State using geographical information techniques. A recently digitized Google Earth satellite image of the study area was compared with the Orthophoto to identify major changes in the area. The LiDAR point cloud data was classified using the automatic classification of LiDAR data method and then subsequently classified into buildings, vegetation, water body, grounds and roads. Elevation models such as Digital Terrain Model (DTM), Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) surface model and Digital Surface Model (DSM) were generated from the processed LiDAR data. Furthermore, maximum likelihood algorithm was used to classify the LiDAR image. And then accuracy assessment technique performed on the classified image. The result of the accuracy assessment indicated that the overall classification was 66.00% while the overall kappa statistics was 0.5677. This study concluded that the application of geographical information technique to LiDAR images can be used to assess, visualize and model 3D cities which can be very effective and useful in advancing the geospatial industry and enhancing urban planning for smart cities.
Estimation of Carbon Storage and Sequestration by Tropical Urban Trees in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Orobator P.O. , Adahwara P.O.
Published: February 2023

The present investigation was conducted to estimate carbon storage and sequestration by tropical urban trees in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. The non-destructive approach was adopted for the study with 65 trees out of 13 species randomly selected from Black Afara (Terminalia invorensis), Aridan (Tetrapleura tetraptera), Orange (Citrius sinensis), Ashoka (Polyathia longifolia), Teak (Tectona grandis), Oocarpa pine (Pinus oocarpa), Umbrella tree (Terminalia mantaly), Flame of the forest (Delonix regia), Opepe (Naucloa diderrichii), Dogoyaro (Azadirachta indica), Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina), Omo (Cordia melleni) and African Oil Bean (Pentacleethra macrophylla). Diameter at breast height, tree height and wood density were used as predicator variables to estimate total biomass, carbon storage and sequestration. The results revealed that estimations for total biomass were 797.23 kg while total carbon storage and total carbon dioxide sequestration were 398.67 kg and 1462.76 kg respectively. Out of the recorded 797.23 kg total biomass, above ground biomass was 632.76 kg while below ground biomass was 164.47 kg. The findings showed that Terminalia mantaly, Delonix regia and Cordia melleni had better carbon storage and sequestration capabilities. Our study recommended the cultivation of Terminalia mantaly, Delonix regia and Cordia melleni species in Benin City as a strategy for mitigating climate change effects and supporting environmental services. The findings of this investigation can offer significant data for urban forestry plans targeted at selecting suitable blend of tropical trees with superior carbon storage and sequestration performances.
Distribution of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Surface Water and Sediments of Ogun River at Kara Abattoir, Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Alani R. , Lawal A. , Awonuga S. , Alo B.
Published: February 2023

In this study, the levels of organochlorine pesticide (OCPs) in Ogun River, at Kara abattoir were investigated to estimate the extent of pesticide pollution in the river. Two sets of water and sediment samples (A and B) were collected. Samples A were collected in April (during heavy downpour) and samples B in June (under dry weather condition). Most of the physico-chemical parameters in the water and sediment samples were within WHO limits, except the samples taken during heavy downpour. In the water samples, the DDT and metabolites (2.023±0.586 µg/L), endrin (0.671±0.256 µg/L) and aldrin and dieldrin (8.290±2.891 µg/L) exceeded 1 µg/L, 0.6 µg/L and 0.03 µg/L respectively in the WHO (2006) guideline, whereas lindane (0.046±0.034 µg/L) and methoxychlor (0.757±0.281 µg/L) were below 2 µg/L and 20 µg/L respectively in the guideline. OCP residual levels in samples A were much higher than in B. This could be attributed to the massive draining and heavy disturbance of the river during the heavy downpour when samples A were collected.
Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Pattern, Causes and Consequences of Fire Disaster in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Yunus S. , Falola J.A.
Published: February 2023

The threat of urban fire disaster has been and is still a serious problem in Kano metropolis resulting to increased risk exposure of human and properties, thereby rendering the metropolis unsafe for business, residence and recreational activities. This study examined the spatio-temporal patterns of fire disaster and it causes and consequences. The study adopted a mixed method integrating quantitative and geospatial data from various sources. Fire incidents data (2009-2019) was obtained from the records of the existing fire stations and subjected to Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying for spatial mapping. Three fire incident clusters were identified and selected within which questionnaire survey was conducted. Coefficient of Variance and simple percentages were used for the qualitative data analysis. The result revealed the influence of space-time relationships in fire disaster recurrence throughout the period of study. Annual incident trend indicated general increase in occurrence of fire disaster. Seasonally, the trend revealed the highest incidents during the cool and dry season (32%). Diurnally, there were more fire incidents in the morning (26%) and evening hours (24.7%) than in the early night hours (8.8%) due to low temperatures especially during the cool and dry season. Electric related problems and negligence constituted the dominant causes of fire disaster which is being responsible for about 36% and 73% of the total incidents recorded respectively. Residential and commercial landuses experienced the highest number of fire disaster with about 72% and 14% respectively. It is concluded that recurrence of fire disaster in Kano metropolis is influenced by space-time relationship and landuse. Massive enlightenment campaign on fire disaster prevention and preparedness measures should be embarked on especially within the high population density residential areas, stressing on negligence and electric related faults as the two major causes of fire outbreaks within the metropolis.
An Examination of the Process Involved in the Choice of Outsourced Consultants by the Banking and Telecommunications Sectors in Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Fayomi I. , Adedokun A.
Published: February 2023

This paper examines the process involved in selecting outsourced consultants by the banking and telecommunication sectors in Lagos state, Nigeria with a view to providing information to aid the real estate consultants in their CRE outsourcing practice. The study comprised of all the commercial banks, merchant banks, non-interest banks and the major Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) organizations in Lagos, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained from 33 questionnaire that were distributed which represents the overall population of banks and telecommunication companies selected from the Nigerian Stock Exchange list and all questionnaire were retrieved which amounted to 100% retrieval rate due to accessibility and readiness to divulge information concerning their real estate operations. The data were analysed using mean deviation, frequency and percentage. The study showed that organisations adopt the World Bank procedures for selecting outsourced consultants. It further established that skills such as market knowledge (0.52), investment analysis (0.21) and negotiation (0.18) were the three most important skill needed to be possessed by consultants providing real estate services. Further findings revealed that overall professionalism (0.27) was the most important personal attribute to be possessed by the real estate consultant and that in choosing outsourced consultants organisations are influenced by factors such as proven track record and specialisation in the process to be outsourced. It was also established that the method used in identifying these consultants was through advertisement (78.79%). This study will aid corporate real estate consultants in identifying the processes involved in outsourcing and what qualities they need to possess so that they can meet up to the standard put in place for outsourcing by the various organisations in Nigeria.
Heavy Metals in Soils around a Major Cement Factory in Southern Nigeria: Ecological and Human Health Risks
Authors: Adewumi A.J. , Ogundele O.D. , Adeseko A.A.
Published: February 2023

This study was carried out to evaluate the ecological and health risks associated with metals in soils around major cement company in southern Nigeria. Twenty-one soil samples including a control sample were collected around the cement company. Metals such as Cd, As, Co, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Fe, and Zn were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Results showed that the average concentration of Cu, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn is 7.95 mg/kg, 0.50 mg/kg, 3.00 mg/kg, 1.00 mg/kg, 0.95 mg/kg, 2.00 mg/kg and 6.80 mg/kg while the average concentration of Cu, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn around the cement production area is 6.30 mg/kg, 1.50 mg/kg, 1.75 mg/kg, 2.09 mg/kg, 2.62 mg/kg, 6.40 mg/kg and 3.58 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of metals in this area was lower than the recommended standards but higher than those in the background soil. Contamination assessment of metals in soils of Okpella area revealed that they pose a very high degree of pollution and deterioration of the environment. Furthermore, ecological risk assessment revealed that the metals pose medium ecological risks. Health risks assessment uncovered that children residing in this area are prone to non-carcinogenic health risks through dermal contact with Cobalt in contaminated soils of the area. The statistical evaluation showed that metals in the soils might have originated from related sources. It is recommended that proper environmental monitoring of the area be carried out reduce its impact on the health of the populace.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil Samples Obtained from Fadama Soils within the Vicinity of Dumpsites in Lokoja, Kogi State
Authors: Okechukwu A.V. , Nnoli C.I. , Nwobodo T.N. , Onyekwelu C.A. , Anyanwu O.C.
Published: February 2023

he concentration and contamination levels of some heavy metals in Fadama soils utilized for agricultural activities within the vicinity of dumpsites in Lokoja were assessed and presented. The reconnaissance was conducted, and soil samples were collected from four different locations to test the type of soil and heavy metal content. Simple random sampling technique was adopted for plot selections, soil samples were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The value of the Zn content ranged between 37.10mg/kg at Banda and 50.96mg/kg at Kabawa, Mn ranged between 212.92mg/kg at Nataco and 452.14mg/kg at Kabawa. Iron ranged between 1071.80mg/kg at Banda and 1913.40mg/kg at Nataco. Cu and Pb level vary little amongst the different plots, from 3.56mg/kg at Ganaja to 6.84mg/kg at Nataco and 1.80mg/kg at Banda to 3.38mg/kg at Nataco. The heavy metals did not show significant correlation with the particle size fractions and organic matter of the soil. The heavy metals of respective plots were very low compared to European Union maximum permissible level; suggesting that the level of metals in this study are not threatening for now, but there is need for continuous monitoring to checkmate future trend for agricultural sustainability.
An Assessment of the Variability of Household Income on Volume of Waste Materials Generated in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Agbebaku H.U. , Afolayan O.S. , Ojeifo M.O. , Okhae E.S. , Abu R.D.
Published: February 2023

Income variability plays a determinant factor in the volume of waste materials generated. The research examined the variability of household income on the volume of waste materials generated by residents in Benin City. The objective of the study was to examine the variabilities of household income on the volume of solid waste generated in the study area. Primary data were obtained from 25 selected communities which comprise 110 settlements from the 3 Local Government areas that constitute Benin City. A total of 1,781 copies of questionnaires were administered in the 768 pollen unit stations and 192,250 numbers of registered voters were used for this study. Systematic sampling techniques from the selected streets and houses were used for the study. In each of the selected streets 2nd, middle and 2nd to the last households were administered questionnaires. Secondary data were sourced from published and documentary materials. The 2-way ANOVA statistical techniques were used for the study. On examinations, the results revealed that income variabilities, number of persons per household and economic determinants have positive impacts on the volumes of waste materials generated. High-income earners consumed more packaged products and by implication generate a huge volume of waste items and vice versa. The correlation analysis between monthly income and waste materials generation revealed that a 99% level of significance and relationship exists between monthly income and waste materials generation (r = 0.82). The Sum of Squares and Mean squares between Groups and Within Groups were 3.606 and 1.802 for the former and 3237.861 and 1.994 for the latter respectively. Furthermore, since the P-values are less than 0.5 level of significance, there was no significant variation (0.000) in the variability in household income and volume of waste materials generated among residents of the study area.
Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution Pattern in Ikpeshi Community Edo State Nigeria Using Geostatistical Analysis
Authors: Kalu I.K. , Izinyon O.C.
Published: February 2023

Understanding the Spatial distribution of ambient air quality in an active mining and solid mineral processing community is important in order to determine pollution hot spots and cold spots, as well as the trend. This will help Air Quality Managers to evaluate areas that are highly exposed to air pollution for mitigation purposes. In this study, dust particles in the form of ambient PM2.5, and PM10 were measured on weekly basis for a period of one year at 73 sampling points located in Ikpeshi, a mining and mineral processing community in Edo State, Nigeria using Double Parameter HoldPeak HP-5800D model Laser PM2.5 Meter. Geospatial data was also collected by means of Garmin GPSmap 78s model. The PM2.5 and PM10 data were preprocessed in MS Excel 2010 computer software to obtain the mean pollutant concentrations for the two parameters. The mean PM concentrations were analyzed and mapped using ArcGIS 10.0 software to generate various geostatistical surfaces to describe the ambient air pollution pattern and spatial distribution of pollutants in the community. The predicted mean concentrations ranged from 5.25 to 88.75µg/m3 for PM2.5 and 8.15 to 552.85µg/m3 for PM10. Mann-Kendall’s test showed that the observed pattern in ambient air quality exhibits a linear trend at 5% significant level with pollution hot spots found in the South-Eastern part of the community where the mills and quarries are domiciled while the cold spots appeared in the residential areas found in the North-Western part of the community. It was therefore concluded that the ambient air pollution pattern in the study area exhibits a linear south-east to north-west trend which is statistically significant at 5% level.
Prediction of Biochemical Methane Potential of Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Authors: Tambe E.B. , Okonkwo A.U. , Eme L.C. , Ezeomedo I.C.
Published: February 2023

Exploring green energy options constitute a contemporary tenet in designing a sustainable future. This study investigated the independent variables (milling scales, types of fresh fruit bunches and seasons) that define the dynamics of biochemical methane potential (BMP) or bio-methane and organic content in palm oil mill effluent (POME) generated in ADAPALM (large-scale mill) and palm oil mills in its surrounding communities, located in Ohaji/Egbema LGA, Imo State, Nigeria. The eight communities that constitute ADAPALM were categorised into three strata in relation to the number of small-scale mills in each community (1-5mills, 6-10mills, 11-15mills). Besides the lone large and medium-scale mills, a small-scale mill was randomly sampled from a community in each stratum. Four homogenous samples of POME were collected from each mill for laboratory analysis of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and total carbon (TC) using standard methods for wastewater analysis. Prediction of BMP for each sample of POME composition and fraction of substrate used for cell synthesis (fs) wherein POME is classified was computed using biogas package. Data was analysed using tools of SPSS. Multiple linear regression reveals that there is a significant relationship between the predicted volume of BMP with milling scales and seasons (p<0.01), R2=0.927. Similarly, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) shows that the organic content of POME is significantly related to milling scales and seasons (p<0.01). At fs=8% in methanogenic condition, BMP is 22.800±0.282LCH4/m3POME and 75.532±0.149LCH4/m3POME in the wet and dry seasons respectively. These respectively correspond to methane production capacity of 0.057±0.005KgCH4/KgCOD and 0.014±0.001KgCH4/KgCOD. The variance explained by the dependent variable (R2) indicates the importance of these independent variables in determining the BMP and organic content of POME in the area. The predicted dynamics of BMP and their associated wastewater composition provide useful tools in regulating the wastewater content and evaluating its feasibility for bio-energy development.
Residents’ Perception of the Quality of Facilities and Services at “The Residence”, Festac Town, Lagos
Authors: Oluwunmi A.O. , Emoka F.N.
Published: February 2023

Housing is one of the three basic needs of man and is crucial to man’s survival. The goal of providing any type of shelter is to ensure maximum satisfaction and convenience for its users. Over the years, residents’ satisfaction with private housing estates in Nigeria has not attracted much attention from researchers, compared to public housing estates. This study therefore investigated residents’ perception of the quality of facilities and services provided in “The Residence”, Festac Town, Amuwo-Odofin, Lagos, Nigeria. This was done in order to determine the level of satisfaction of residents with the quality of facilities and services. The study’s objectives are to investigate the state of the building’s facilities and services and to ascertain residents’ perceptions of their housing environment in terms of maintenance and security. A total of 119 questionnaires was administered to the residents in the study area, and a response rate of 71% was achieved. The data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistical tools. Out of the 17 parameters presented to the residents, they ranked 3 as “excellent”, 13 as “very good” and 1 as “fair”. Moreover, the respondents admitted that the property is well-maintained (RII=0.917) and the maintenance personnel are skillful (RII=0.816). Finally, they also affirmed that “The Residence” is secure due to the presence of functional CCTV (RII=0.896), adequate number of security men (RII=0.868) and a reasonable restriction on visitors’ access to the building (RII=0.851). The study urged the managing agents of “The Residence” to pay constant attention to its facilities and services, which would result in enhanced long-term resident satisfaction. This study is expected to serve as a benchmark for investors in residential buildings, since it offers information on how privately-owned estates in Nigeria – and by extension in other developing nations – may be improved qualitatively.
Perspectives of Climate Change-induced Agricultural Losses and Food Shortage in the Swamp Forests of the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria
Authors: Atedhor G.O. , Odjugo P.A.O.
Published: February 2023

This paper investigated climate change-associated agricultural losses, food scarcity and adaptation strategies in the freshwater and mangrove swamps of Delta State in the Niger Delta region. A total of 1600 respondents were selected comprising 800 respondents equally selected from two local government areas per ecological zone. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data for this study. Findings show that a combination of loss of farm land and inputs and crop failure mainly accounts for agricultural losses due to climate change while flooding is primarily responsible for food losses due to climate change in both ecological zones. Purchase of food within and outside the community account for over 80% and 74% of the respondents main sources of food during climate change incidence in the freshwater and mangrove swamps respectively. Dietary management, change of occupation and livelihood diversification account for over 80% of the respondents coping strategies against climate change-induced food shortage in the freshwater swamps while dietary management, out migration and relief materials make up over 65% of the respondents adaptation strategies in the mangrove swamps. While the paper recommends ecological zone-specific prioritization in tackling climate change-induced agricultural losses and food shortage, there should be provision of nutrition education for households in both ecological zones.
Investigation of Speed Bumps on Urban Centre Road in Ugbowo Benin-City, Edo State
Authors: Aminu P.M. , Olubo O.c.
Published: February 2023

This study investigated the use of speed bumps on Nigeria highway with specific reference to the section of the federal road that start from the University of Benin main gate to Oluku Junction Benin city. Using survey methodology for the collection of information from a sample of individuals through their responses to questions like who, how much, what, where, when, how many, and how, 50 units of questionnaires each were designed and administered to drivers, motorist and residents at various reference points on the road section to sought information on the effect of the devices on the drivers, motorist and residents. Measurement of the height, width, length and spacing of the device was also carried out with a Measuring tape and digital distance measuring wheel. The result shows that speed bumps in the study area have been effective in speed and accident reduction. However, the devices were not built to specification as the height, width, length and spacing were at variance. In order to promote safety, it was thus advised that speed bumps be taken into consideration on roadways where concentrated generators of pedestrian activity are present for possible prevention of any unlawful placement of the device.
Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in Ground Water Around Dangote Cement Factory Obajana Kogi State Nigeria
Authors: Ameh E.M. , Yahaya A. , Umar A.Y. , Ekwoba L. , Adegbe A. , Dada I.O.
Published: February 2023

The physicochemical characteristics of ground water (well) located at Obajana in Kogi Local Government Area (LGA) of Kogi State were investigated using standard methods. This study was conducted with the aim to determine the impacts of Dangote Cement factory activities located in the area. A total of four (4) ground water samples from different points and the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were analysed. The pH value ranges from 6.62 – 7.97, total dissolved solids (TDS) values ranges from 320 – 890 mg/L, electrical conductivity (EC) values ranges from 581 – 850 mg/L, Phosphate ranges from 0.68 – 1.05 mg/L, Nitrate ranges from 5.94 – 6.49 mg/L. Turbidity ranges from 7.87 – 8.24 NTU, alkalinity ranges from 0.1 – 0.4 mg/L, dissolved oxygen ranges from 4.2 – 5.2 mg/L, total hardness ranges from 179 – 476.2 mg/L, CT ranges from 29.89 to 73.74 mg/L and temperature ranges from 27°C to 31°C. Metals like Arsenic ranges from 0.027 – 0.029 ppm, Lead ranges from 0.029 to 0.40 ppm, Zinc ranges from 0.002 to 0.006 ppm, Cadmium ranges from 0.061 to 0.074 ppm, Copper ranges from 0.002 to 0.006 ppm, while Iron ranges from 0.015 to 0.069 ppm, and Nickel ranges from 0.002 to 0.006 ppm. These results obtained fell within the maximum allowable limit set by the Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality and World Health Organization for drinking water except for turbidity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate and electrical conductivity and also suggested the need to take adequate and necessary steps in regulating and monitoring of drinking water in settlement around industrial areas.
The Artificial Neural Network Approach for Determining the Futuristic Capacity of Power Supply in the Central Parts of Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Omoroghomwan E.A. , Igbinovia S.O. , Odiase F.O.
Published: February 2023

The need for the estimation of the future state of electric power supply in the power system can no longer be avoided. This is due to the inevitable operational, maintenance, planning and expansion obligations of the power sector. In this work, the future trend of power supply by the 33kV feeders that supply power to the customers in the central part of Edo State, Nigeria was forecasted from 2020 to 2030 using Artificial Neural Network. The findings showed that there will be a 13.84% reduction in the power supplied by the utility provider by 2030 if the current trend was sustained. To avoid the adverse impact of such a negative performance by the power supplier, there is a need to increase system capacity by constructing mini grids and implementation of other contingency plans within the study area.
Geotechnical Evaluation of Crushed Sandstone Waste Materials from Amasiri Quarries, Southeastern Nigeria for Use in Civil Engineering Projects
Authors: Nweke O.M> , Okogbue C.O. , Ani C.C. , Alieze I.V. , Obasi P.N. , Omeokachie A.I. , Ukpai S.N.
Published: February 2023

This paper presents the study of crushed sandstones wastes (CSW) aiming at their utilization as main materials for the base layer of flexible pavements with series of geotechnical laboratory tests contained in American Society for Testing and Materials adopted for their evaluations. The tests conducted included particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, California bearing ratio, unconsolidated undrained compressive strength, free swell index and one-dimensional consolidation tests. Statistical analyses using proprietary computer software were used to investigate the spatial variations of the geotechnical data, and degrees of relationships that exist among the tested parameters. From the results, the Atterberg limits tests revealed intermediate plasticity with less than 35% fines (percentage passing No. 200 British Standard sieve) in majority of the samples; an indication of good highway materials. The relatively high maximum dry density, low optimum moisture content and high shear strength recorded by the tested CSW materials proved their usability in most road projects such as sub-base and subgrade. The strength indicators adopted to evaluate the validity of the CSW as pavement materials showed relatively high shear strength as the undrained cohesion values satisfy the requirement of greater than 103 kN/m2 values specified for base course materials. The empirical correlations analyses verified the influence of moisture on the strength parameters and gave a general overview of the geotechnical behaviors of the examined quarry wastes. Therefore, CSW materials are adjudge suitable but in order to achieve long term strength gain and stability especially in high volume applications, stabilizations will be required.
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Pseudoaneurysm Compresses Left Anterior Descending Artery: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: PHAN Vu Nghia Loc , NGUYEN Anh Huy , Mohamed El-Alaoui , ZALLE Issaka , CAMILLERI Lionel
Published: February 2023

A case of a 49-year-old man with a history of buprenorphine-substituted heroin was admitted for acute heart failure after three months of bioprosthetic aortic replacement to treat infective endocarditis. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed a left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was 35% and a periprosthetic mass with an aorto-ventricular fistula. Thoracic computed tomography revealed a left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) pseudoaneurysm measuring 69 x 45 mm that compressed left anterior descending (LAD) artery with downstream myocardial ischemia. Patient was treated by an urgent surgery, including an exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm, a left ventricular reconstruction surgery and a bioprosthetic aortic replacement. Patient went through a difficult postoperative period. Finally, he was safely discharged with a low EF (34%) from hospital to rehabilitation center with a Life vest. This case spotlights a rare devastating complication of a LVOT pseudoaneurysm compresses LAD artery and how surgery could decompress the false aneurysm and stabilize ischemia.