bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Group 13 Superacid Adducts of [PCl2N]3.
Authors: Tessier Claire A. , et al.
Published: May 2016

Reactions of [PCl2N]3 in CHCl3 with AlCl3, AlBr3, or GaCl3 in the presence of water or gaseous HX (X: Cl, Br) give the air‐ and light‐sensitive superacid adducts [PCl2N]3·HAlCl4 (I), [PCl2N]3·HAlBr4 (II), and [PCl2N]3·HGaCl4 (III) in quantitative yields when using HX.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Deprotonative Arylation/[1,2]‐Wittig Rearrangement of Pyridylmethyl Ethers.
Authors: Gao Feng , Kim Byeong‐Seon , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: May 2016

Two highly selective procedures for the deprotonative arylation and the tandem arylation‐Wittig rearrangement of pyridylmethyl alkyl ethers are reported for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reaction of α‐ and β‐Fluorinated Amides.
Authors: Brewitz Lennart , Arteaga Fernando Arteaga , Yin Liang , Alagiri Kaliyamoorthy , Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: May 2016

A direct catalytic asymmetric Mannich‐type reaction of variously fluorinated 7‐azaindole amine pronucleophiles and N‐carbamoyl imines is developed using a binary catalytic system of a chiral Cu(I)‐complex and Barton′s base.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Bromolactamization of Olefinic Amides Using a Three‐Component Co‐Catalyst System.
Authors: Cheng Yi An , Yu Wesley Zongrong , Yeung Ying‐Yeung
Published: May 2016

An unusual catalysts system composed of a 3:1:1 mixture of DMAP, aniline (BFA), and urea (BFU) is found to promote the selective bromolactamization of a range of structurally diverse olefinic amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Mediated Regioselective N‐Arylation of Pyrroles, Indoles, Pyrazoles and Carbazole via Dehydrogenative Coupling.
Authors: Sadhu Pradeep , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: May 2016

Efficient copper‐mediated aminoquinoline amide directed N‐arylation of pyrroles, indoles, pyrazoles, and carbazole via intermolecular cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Reaction of 2‐Methoxyfuran with Aliphatic Ketimines Generated in situ.
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Ota Yusuke , Komuro Takazumi , Egawa Fuyuki , Kanomata Kyohei , Terada Masahiro
Published: May 2016

Sterically hindered aryl substituents (e.g., o‐bromophenyl) induce axial chirality thus affording diastereomeric mixtures of products.
ChemInform Abstract: Myoglobin‐Catalyzed Olefination of Aldehydes
Authors: Tyagi Vikas , Fasan Rudi
Published: May 2016

The first examples of biocatalytic aldehyde olefination reactions (17 examples) are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphitic Carbon Nitride Catalyzed Photoacetalization of Aldehydes/Ketones under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Abdullah Khan M. , Teixeira Ivo F. , Li Molly M. J. , Koito Yusuke , Tsang Shik Chi Edman
Published: May 2016

Efficient photoacetalization of aldehydes and ketones with alcohols using graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Tertiary Azidation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds in Water Catalyzed by Tetrabutylammonium Iodide.
Authors: Dhineshkumar Jayaraman , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: May 2016

Tertiary azides of various α‐substituted β‐keto esters, amides, and ketones are efficiently synthesized by oxidative azidation under mild and environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of O‐Aryl Carbamates.
Authors: Varjosaari Sami E. , Suating Paolo , Adler Marc J.
Published: May 2016

The efficient reaction between triphosgene, secondary amines, and phenols has a broad substrate scope and delivers high product yields without requiring handling of sensitive intermediates.
ChemInform Abstract: Tunable Titanocene Lewis Acid Catalysts for Selective Friedel—Crafts Reaction of Indoles and N‐Sulfonylaldimines.
Authors: Wang Xiu , Wang Zhenhua , Zhang Guofang , Zhang Weiqiang , Wu Ya , Gao Ziwei
Published: May 2016

Phenol derivatives are found to be efficient ligands for the fine‐tuning of the activity of the titanocene dichloride catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc(II)‐Catalyzed Reactions of Carbon Dioxide and Propargylic Alcohols to Carbonates at Room Temperature.
Authors: Hu Jiayin , Ma Jun , Zhu Qinggong , Qian Qingli , Han Hongling , Mei Qingqing , Han Buxing
Published: May 2016

Alkylidiene cyclic carbonates are prepared by carboxylative cyclization of propargylic alcohols with CO2 using ZnI2/NEt3 as synergistic catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Sugar‐Based Organocatalyst for the Diastereoselective Desymmetrization of Dibenzylideneacetones
Authors: Pinheiro Danielle L. J. , Batista Gabriel M. F. , Goncalves Jaqueline R. , Duarte Talita N. , Amarante Giovanni W.
Published: May 2016

in the presence of azlactones
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Dipolar Cycloadditions of Nitrile Oxides with α,β‐Acetylenic Aldehydes.
Authors: Jiang Longqiang , Gao Tao , Li Zhi , Sun Shaofa , Kim Claudia , Huang Changfeng , Guo Haibing , Wang Jian , Xing Yalan
Published: May 2016

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated nitrile oxides with α,β‐acetylenic aldehydes allows the isolation of the expected isoxazoles as single regioisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Between Azidyl Radicals and Alkynes: A Straightforward Approach to NH‐1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Hu Long , Mueck‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Wang Tao , He Guifeng , Gao Meng , Zhao Junfeng
Published: May 2016

Internal aliphatic alkyne 5‐decyne does not react under these conditions to yield the corresponding product.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines via C(sp3)—H Oxidation and C—S Cleavage of Dimethyl Sulfoxide.
Authors: Wu Xia , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Shan , Gao Qinghe , Wu Anxin
Published: May 2016

Methylene units, generated in situ from dimethyl sulfoxide, are captured by ketones to give pyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Azuleno[2,1‐b]pyridazines.
Authors: Wang Dao‐Lin , Ma Jian , Shi Xiao‐Ce , Wu Jian‐Ying
Published: May 2016

Title compounds (III) are simply and efficiently synthesized in good yields via domino reaction between 1‐cyanoacetyl‐2‐methoxyazulene derivatives (I) and aryldiazonium salts (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Ag Loaded on SiO2 as an Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Chloro‐8‐substituted‐9H‐purines.
Authors: Maddila Suresh , Valand Jignesh , Bandaru Harinarayana , Yalagala Kotaiah , Lavanya Palakondu
Published: May 2016

An eco‐friendly method for the preparation of the title purines by cyclocondensation of chloropyrimidine and benzoic acids in short times and high yields is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Alkenyl α‐Amino Acids via N—H Insertion Reactions.
Authors: Guo Jun‐Xia , Zhou Ting , Xu Bin , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: May 2016

This method provides access to Boc‐protected β,γ‐unsaturated α‐amino acid esters with excellent yields and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: An Easy Access to the Synthesis of Sugar‐Based N‐Methyl‐Pyrrolidine via [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Methodology.
Authors: Arasasppan Hemamalini , Thangamuthu Mohan Das
Published: May 2016

The title sugars are prepared by cycloaddition of ylides generated from sarcosine and paraformaldehyde with sugar‐derived dipolarophiles (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Isoquinoline Alkaloids from the Twigs of Cassia fistula and Their anti‐Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activity.
Authors: Hu Qiu‐Fen , Zhou Min , Wu Hai‐Yan , Liu Qiang , Yu Zhen‐Hua , Hu Wei‐Yao , Yan Ke‐Liang , Wang Ye‐De , Zhou Kun , Dong Wei
Published: May 2016

isolation and structure elucidation of fistulatin A (Ia) and fistulatin B (Ib)
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Lignan Derivatives from the Stems of Firmiana simplex.
Authors: Woo Kyeong Wan , Suh Won Se , Subedi Lalita , Kim Sun Yeou , Kim Aejung , Lee Kang Ro
Published: May 2016

Two new lignan derivatives, firmianols A (I) and B (II) are isolated together with seventeen known lignans.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkenes with Antioxidative Activities from Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.
Authors: Ma Qin‐Ge , Xu Kun , Sang Zhi‐Pei , Wei Rong‐Rui , Liu Wen‐Min , Su Ya‐Lun , Yang Jian‐Bo , Wang Ai‐Guo , Ji Teng‐Fei , Li Lu‐Jun
Published: May 2016

Four new alkenes are isolated together with eight known alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Xenon in Liquid‐Crystalline Samples
Authors: Jokisaari Jukka
Published: May 2016

Review: 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐Diketiminato Complexes of Groups 3 to 5
Authors: Phillips Andrew D.
Published: May 2016

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Combination of Metal Coordination Tetrahedra and Asymmetric Coordination Geometries of Sb(III) in the Organically Directed Chalcogenidometalates: Structural Diversity and Ion‐Exchange Properties
Authors: Feng Mei‐Ling , Wang Kai‐Yao , Huang Xiao‐Ying
Published: May 2016

Review: [53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Natural Products
Authors: Blunt John W. , Copp Brent R. , Keyzers Robert A. , Munro Murray H. G. , Prinsep Michele R.
Published: May 2016

Review: isolation, biological activities, source organisms, biosynthetic studies, and irst syntheses of marine natural products published in 2014; 938 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Green Lewis Acids: Zirconium(IV) Oxydichloride Octahydrate (ZrOCl2·8H2O) and Zirconium(IV) Tetrachloride (ZrCl4) in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Nikoofar Kobra , Khademi Zahra
Published: May 2016

Review: 210 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Synthesis of Carbo‐ and Heterocycles via Gold‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: May 2016

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Direct C—H Amination of Hydrocarbons with Amine Reactants: The Most Desirable But Challenging C—N Bond‐Formation Approach
Authors: Kim Hyunwoo , Chang Sukbok
Published: May 2016

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiophene Metalation and Cross‐Coupling Chemistry
Authors: Schatz Juergen , Hoffmann Ina
Published: May 2016

Review: 377 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Collagenases: Challenges and Prospects in Production and Potential Applications in Food and Nutrition
Authors: Pal Gaurav Kumar , Pv Suresh
Published: May 2016

Review: 139 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Inhibitors of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL: Balancing Antitumor Activity with On‐Target Toxicity
Authors: Hennessy Edward J.
Published: May 2016

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conducting Polymer‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Zhou Qinqin , Shi Gaoquan
Published: May 2016

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Song Peng , Li Yuanzuo , Ma Fengcai , Pullerits Tonu , Sun Mengtao
Published: May 2016

Review: progress in the theoretical modelling of ET in OSCs; 191 refs.
Performance analysis of OFDM based AF cooperative systems in selection combining receiver over Nakagami‐m fading channels with nonlinear power amplifier
Authors: Kumar Nagendra , Bhatia Vimal
Published: May 2016

In this paper, performance analysis of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based amplify‐and‐forward (AF) cooperative relaying network with selection combining (SC) scheme over independently but not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d.) frequency selective Nakagami‐m fading channels is investigated. Theoretical analysis of closed‐form expressions for outage probability and average symbol error rate (ASER) have been proposed, while considering nonlinear distortions (NLD) introduced by nonlinear power amplifier (NLPA) at the relay node. Asymptotic behavior of outage probability is also analyzed in high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) regime to evaluate the diversity order of the system under several conditions. Further, impacts of fading parameter and NLD are highlighted on the outage probability, ASER and the diversity order of the system under different situations. The derived theoretical results are compared with Monte' Carlo simulations and verify the correctness of theoretical results for different system configurations and SNR levels. The derived expressions are generalized, and hence, can be easily used for analysis over variety of fading environments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of a mouse model for a conditional inactivation of Gtf2i allele
Authors: Enkhmandakh Badam , Stoddard Chris , Mack Kris , He Wei , Kaback Deb , Yee Siu‐Pok , Bayarsaihan Dashzeveg
Published: May 2016

The multifunctional transcription factor TFII‐I encoded by the Gtf2i gene is expressed at the two‐cell stage, inner cell mass, trophectoderm, and early gastrula stages of the mouse embryo. In embryonic stem cells, TFII‐I colocalizes with bivalent domains and depletion of Gtf2i causes embryonic lethality, neural tube closure, and craniofacial defects. To gain insight into the function of TFII‐I during late embryonic and postnatal stages, we have generated a conditional Gtf2i null allele by flanking exon 3 with loxP sites. Crossing the floxed line with the Hprt‐Cre transgenic mice resulted in inactivation of Gtf2i in one‐cell embryo. The Cre‐mediated deletion of exon 3 recapitulates a genetic null phenotype, indicating that the conditional Gtf2i line is a valuable tool for studying TFII‐I function during embryonic development. genesis 54:407–412, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrative functional genomic delineation of the cascades of transcriptional changes involved in hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Ramesh Vignesh , Ganesan Kumaresan
Published: May 2016

Development of targeted therapeutics is still at its early stage for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the incomplete understanding of the confounding regulations at signaling pathway level. In this investigation, gene co‐expression‐based networking and integrative functional genomic modeling of HCC mRNA profiles as signaling processes were employed to understand the complex signaling cascades involved in HCC development toward understanding the avenues for targeted therapeutics. Multiple sets of genes and molecular biological processes involved during HCC development were identified from this integrative analysis: (i) Loss of liver cellular features due to the reduced HNF4A & PPAR signaling in the early stages of HCC, (ii) activated inflammatory and stress signals in the cirrhosis stages and (iii) highly activated cellular proliferation with the activated E2F‐MYC oncogenic signaling with the gain of embryonic liver stem cell‐like features in the advanced stage tumors. Upon connecting these gene‐sets with the established drug sensitivity‐related gene signatures, targeted therapeutic strategies for the heterogeneous HCC conditions have been identified. PPAR agonist class of drugs for early stage HCC conditions, anti‐inflammatory drugs for cirrhosis and topoisomerase inhibitors for the advanced HCC conditions were inferred. Integrative functional genomic analysis of HCC transcriptome profiles at the context of signaling pathways has defined the key molecular processes involved in HCC development. Further, the study highlights the stage‐specific and pathway focused targeted therapeutics for HCC. These findings deserve extensive preclinical explorations toward the establishment of targeted therapeutics.
Risk of extracolonic cancers for people with biallelic and monoallelic mutations in MUTYH
Authors: Win Aung Ko , Reece Jeanette C. , Dowty James G. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Clendenning Mark , Rosty Christophe , Southey Melissa C. , Young Joanne P. , Cleary Sean P. , Kim Hyeja , Cotterchio Michelle , Macrae Finlay A. , Tucker Katherine M. , Baron John A. , Burnett Terrilea , Le Marchand Loïc , Casey Graham , Haile Robert W. , Newcomb Polly A. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Hopper John L. , Gallinger Steven , Winship Ingrid M. , Lindor Noralane M. , Jenkins Mark A.
Published: May 2016

Germline mutations in the DNA base excision repair gene MUTYH are known to increase a carrier's risk of colorectal cancer. However, the risks of other (extracolonic) cancers for MUTYH mutation carriers are not well defined. We identified 266 probands (91% Caucasians) with a MUTYH mutation (41 biallelic and 225 monoallelic) from the Colon Cancer Family Registry. Mutation status, sex, age and histories of cancer from their 1,903 first‐ and 3,255 second‐degree relatives were analyzed using modified segregation analysis conditioned on the ascertainment criteria. Compared with incidences for the general population, hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for biallelic MUTYH mutation carriers were: urinary bladder cancer 19 (3.7–97) and ovarian cancer 17 (2.4–115). The HRs (95% CI) for monoallelic MUTYH mutation carriers were: gastric cancer 9.3 (6.7–13); hepatobiliary cancer 4.5 (2.7–7.5); endometrial cancer 2.1 (1.1–3.9) and breast cancer 1.4 (1.0–2.0). There was no evidence for an increased risk of cancers at the other sites examined (brain, pancreas, kidney or prostate). Based on the USA population incidences, the estimated cumulative risks (95% CI) to age 70 years for biallelic mutation carriers were: bladder cancer 25% (5–77%) for males and 8% (2–33%) for females and ovarian cancer 14% (2–65%). The cumulative risks (95% CI) for monoallelic mutation carriers were: gastric cancer 5% (4–7%) for males and 2.3% (1.7–3.3%) for females; hepatobiliary cancer 3% (2–5%) for males and 1.4% (0.8–2.3%) for females; endometrial cancer 3% (2%–6%) and breast cancer 11% (8–16%). These unbiased estimates of both relative and absolute risks of extracolonic cancers for people, mostly Caucasians, with MUTYH mutations will be important for their clinical management.
A survey of residual analysis and a new test of residual trend
Authors: McDowell J. J , Calvin Olivia L. , Klapes Bryan
Published: May 2016

A survey of residual analysis in behavior‐analytic research reveals that existing methods are problematic in one way or another. A new test for residual trends is proposed that avoids the problematic features of the existing methods. It entails fitting cubic polynomials to sets of residuals and comparing their effect sizes to those that would be expected if the sets of residuals were random. To this end, sampling distributions of effect sizes for fits of a cubic polynomial to random data were obtained by generating sets of random standardized residuals of various sizes, n. A cubic polynomial was then fitted to each set of residuals and its effect size was calculated. This yielded a sampling distribution of effect sizes for each n. To test for a residual trend in experimental data, the median effect size of cubic‐polynomial fits to sets of experimental residuals can be compared to the median of the corresponding sampling distribution of effect sizes for random residuals using a sign test. An example from the literature, which entailed comparing mathematical and computational models of continuous choice, is used to illustrate the utility of the test.
Some Observations on the Stratification of Lake Victoria
Authors: TALLING J. F.
Published: May 2016

The stratification of temperature and oxygen is described for the open water of Lake Victoria during March–May 1956. The results generally conform to an outline of seasonal changes previously recorded for 1952–4. At the period of strongest stratification a shallow and almost deoxygenated lower layer is marked off by a distinct but deep thermal discontinuity.

The vertical distribution of the planktonic algae during the period of strong thermal stratification is described, with the effects of a later change to more isothermal conditions. Some conspicuous differences between the various species are recorded and classified; thus maximum densities of different species are variously found in upper, middle, and lower layers. These differences are considered to arise mainly from different sinking rates and capacities to withstand conditions in a deoxygenated lower layer. The relation between algal distribution and the photosynthetic zone is briefly discussed.
Species Composition of Limnetic Zooplankton Communities1
Authors: PENNAK ROBERT W.
Published: May 2016

The species composition of limnetic zooplankton communities in 27 Colorado lakes has been determined on the basis of 148 vertical series of plankton‐trap samples. Each such series consisted of three or more evenly spaced samples taken from surface to bottom in the limnetic area. Comparable quantitative data for 42 selected lakes in other parts of the world are also considered, such samples having been taken with the plankton trap, pump, Clarke‐Bumpus sampler, closing net, etc.

Momentarily, the great majority of Colorado limnetic communities contained one or two species of copepods, one to three species of cladocerans, and three to seven species of rotifers. Comparable data for other small to medium‐sized lakes of the world were one to three copepods, two to four cladocerans, and three to seven rotifers. From a species standpoint, therefore, these limnetic communities are remarkably simple. Depending on the complexities of cyclic and seasonal abundance, however, the individual species making up these communities change from one time of the year to another. The most common and widely distributed North American species are contained in the following : Cyclops, Mesocyclops, Diaptomus (Copepoda); Daphnia, Bosmina, Diaphanosoma, Ceriodaphnia, Chydorus (Cladocera); Keratella, Polyarthra, Filinia, Kellicottia, Conochilus, Asplanchna, Synchaeta (Rotatoria).

It is unusual to find more than one species in the same genus in a limnetic community at the same time, at least when ordinary quantitative sampling methods are used. But when two species in the same genus do occur together, one is usually 20 or more times as abundant as the other. These and other phenomena are discussed with particular reference to the “niche” concept.

In spite of the cyclic waxing and waning of populations of individual zooplankton species, the great majority of limnetic communities are characterized at any one time by one numerically dominant species of copepod, one dominant cladoceran, and one dominant rotifer. Thus, adequate sampling in “typical” lakes shows that, on the average, 80 per cent of all limnetic copepods belong to one species, 78 per cent of all cladocerans belong to one species, and 64 per cent of all rotifers to one species.
Neurophysiological Features Of Hemiballism
Authors: Tai Yi‐cheng , Yin Yun Wo Katie , Ha Ainhi D. , Adam Robert , Mahant Neil , Sue Carolyn M. , Fung Victor S.C.
Published: May 2016

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Hemiballism is a rare hyperkinetic movement disorder. The pathophysiology of hemiballism is poorly understood, and there have been few reports of neurophysiological recordings. The authors report three cases of hemiballism with associated radiological and neurophysiological findings. In patients 1 and 2, who were studied in the acute phase 4 and 14 days after presentation, irregularly timed and predominantly long‐duration electromyographic (EMG) bursts were observed typically ranging from 200 to 1500 milliseconds in duration and occurring asynchronously or alternating in antagonist muscles. In patient 3, who was studied 6 weeks after presentation when the involuntary movements had become choreiform, the EMG bursts were still from 200 to 1000 milliseconds in duration but were more synchronous or co‐contracting. The flailing movements of hemiballism appear to occur as a result of prolonged bursts of EMG activity generated in individual muscles unopposed by EMG bursting in the antagonist. During the subacute phase when the movements become more choreiform, the results indicate that EMG activity becomes more synchronous or co‐contracting.
Medication‐related adverse events during hospitalization: a retrospective patient record review study in The Netherlands
Authors: Damen Nikki L. , Baines Rebecca , Wagner Cordula , Langelaan Maaike
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Medication‐related adverse events (MRAEs) are an important priority for patient safety. Results from Dutch AE studies showed that—despite various improvement initiatives—the incidence of preventable MRAEs did not decline. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of MRAEs during hospitalizations using national patient data from records of patients admitted to Dutch hospitals in 2008 and 2011/2012.

Methods

Trained nurses and physicians reviewed the randomly selected records of 8071 patients admitted to one of 20 hospitals in 2008 or 2011/2012 during a two‐stage review process. Patient and admission characteristics were collected. After identification of a MRAE, physicians determined their potential preventability, drug type, related prescribing factors, and potential consequences.

Results

The physicians identified 928 adverse events (AEs) in 857 admissions, of which 218 (15.2%) were medication‐related. They judged 55 (18.4%) of these as preventable. Preventability of MRAEs was high in anticoagulant treatment (42.5%). Haematoma (39.0%) and intra‐cerebral haemorrhage (25.5%) were common types of anticoagulant‐related AEs. Anticoagulant‐related AEs were often related to dosage factors (46.9%) and often resulted in an intervention (80.2%), of which 40.2% was judged as preventable.

Conclusions

This study provided detailed information on MRAEs during hospital admissions in The Netherlands. A substantial proportion of AEs was medication‐related (15.2%), of which 18.4% was judged to be preventable. As preventability in MRAEs was especially high in anticoagulant treatment (42.5%), those medications are a threat to patient safety. Future research and new safety programs should focus on prevention of AEs related to this medication group. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The validity and reliability of a signal impact assessment tool
Authors: Rolfes Leàn , Kolfschoten Judith , van Hunsel Florence , van Puijenbroek Eugène
Published: May 2016

Background

The Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb uses an operating Signal Impact Assessment Tool (SIAT) as aid in signal selection. SIAT prioritized signals into one of four categories: strong/moderate signal strength and similarly health impact. Although the SIAT has been used for many years, validity and reliability was never explored.

Purpose

The aim of this study is to test the validity and reliability of the operating and weight‐adjusted SIAT.

Method

For validity testing, judgments of a Delphi panel of three pharmacovigilance experts were used as a ‘gold standard’. First, the panel judged the weighting of the items included in the SIAT. Then, during two phases, the panel rated 40 signals in one of the four categories. Two researchers scored the signals using the SIAT. Panel judgments were compared with scores for the operating and weight‐adjusted SIAT. Inter‐ and intra‐observer variability was also tested. The Cohen's Kappa coefficient (k) was calculated. At least substantial agreement (k > 0.6) was considered to be necessary for an acceptable reliability.

Results

Validity did not meet predefined criteria: operating and weight‐adjusted tool, respectively, k‐phase1 = 0.83 and 0.83, k‐phase2 = 0.18 and 0.36. Differences were found for signal strength and health impact. Inter‐ and intra‐observer variabilities were good, k of 0.78 and 0.72, respectively.

Conclusions

The SIAT was found to have an insufficient validity and proper reliability. Although SIAT scores should not be decisive in the decision making process, items included can be used as an aid to decide which signals deserve further investigation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiplexed data independent acquisition (MSX‐DIA) applied by high resolution mass spectrometry improves quantification quality for the analysis of histone peptides
Authors: Sidoli Simone , Fujiwara Rina , Garcia Benjamin A.
Published: May 2016

We present the MS‐based application of the innovative, although scarcely exploited, multiplexed data‐independent acquisition (MSX‐DIA) for the analysis of histone PTMs. Histones are golden standard for complexity in MS based proteomics, due to their large number of combinatorial modifications, leading to isobaric peptides after proteolytic digestion. DIA has, thus, gained popularity for the purpose as it allows for MS/MS‐based quantification without upfront assay development. In this work, we evaluated the performance of traditional DIA versus MSX‐DIA in terms of MS/MS spectra quality, instrument scan rate and quantification precision using histones from HeLa cells. We used an MS/MS isolation window of 10 and 6 m/z for DIA and MSX‐DIA, respectively. Four MS/MS scans were multiplexed for MSX‐DIA. Despite MSX‐DIA was programmed to perform two‐fold more MS/MS events than traditional DIA, it acquired on average ∼5% more full MS scans, indicating even faster scan rate. Results highlighted an overall decrease of background ion signals using MSX‐DIA, and we illustrated specific examples where peptides of different precursor masses were co‐fragmented by DIA but not MSX‐DIA. Taken together, MSX‐DIA proved thus to be a more favorable method for histone analysis in data independent mode.
Nebulization of Nanocolloidal Suspensions for the Growth of Nanocomposite Coatings in Dielectric Barrier Discharges
Authors: Profili Jacopo , Levasseur Olivier , Blaisot Jean‐Bernard , Koronai Anja , Stafford Luc , Gherardi Nicolas
Published: May 2016

The nebulization of colloidal suspensions is analyzed by dynamic light scattering, scanning, and transmission electron microscopies. While primary agglomeration can be important for many nanoparticle‐solvent couples, our results indicate that for TiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in water, secondary agglomeration also occurs during nebulization. When nebulization is realized immediately after sustaining a plane‐to‐plane dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure, the collection efficiency of TiO2 nanoparticles increases due to the presence of a remanent electric field between the two electrodes. Finally, these findings are used to deposit SiO2–TiO2 nanocomposite thin films by alternating the deposition of dense silica‐like layers in a Townsend discharge and the collection of TiO2 nanoparticles through nebulization of the nanocolloidal suspension.
Ribosome‐based quality control of mRNA and nascent peptides
Authors: Simms Carrie L. , Thomas Erica N. , Zaher Hani S.
Published: May 2016

Quality control processes are widespread and play essential roles in detecting defective molecules and removing them in order to maintain organismal fitness. Aberrant messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules, unless properly managed, pose a significant hurdle to cellular proteostasis. Often mRNAs harbor premature stop codons, possess structures that present a block to the translational machinery, or lack stop codons entirely. In eukaryotes, the three cytoplasmic mRNA‐surveillance processes, nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD), no‐go decay (NGD), and nonstop decay (NSD), evolved to cope with these aberrant mRNAs, respectively. Nonstop mRNAs and mRNAs that inhibit translation elongation are especially problematic as they sequester valuable ribosomes from the translating ribosome pool. As a result, in addition to RNA degradation, NSD and NGD are intimately coupled to ribosome rescue in all domains of life. Furthermore, protein products produced from all three classes of defective mRNAs are more likely to malfunction. It is not surprising then that these truncated nascent protein products are subject to degradation. Over the past few years, many studies have begun to document a central role for the ribosome in initiating the RNA and protein quality control processes. The ribosome appears to be responsible for recognizing the target mRNAs as well as for recruiting the factors required to carry out the processes of ribosome rescue and nascent protein decay. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1366. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1366

This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Regulation

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
Selling Sex Toys: Marketing and the Meaning of Vibrators in Early Twentieth-Century America
Authors: LIEBERMAN HALLIE
Published: May 2016

The electromechanical vibrator originated in the late nineteenth century as a device for medical therapy. In the first three decades of the twentieth century, however, marketing of vibrators as consumer appliances became pervasive. Ads appeared in the pages ofThe New York TimesandScientific Americanand plastered street cars. Companies marketed vibrators to grandparents, mothers, infants, and young adults. Vibrators are widely sold today, however, as instruments for masturbation, a use that was rarely mentioned but well known before World War II. How was vibrator advertising able to become so ubiquitous during the early twentieth century, despite draconian antiobscenity laws and antimasturbation rhetoric? This article argues that companies achieved this result by shaping the meaning of vibrators through strategic marketing. This marketing overtly portrayed vibrators as nonsexual while covertly conveying their sexual uses through imagery and the sale of phallic, dildo-like attachments.

Companies positioned vibrators within two major consumer product categories in the early 1900s: labor-saving household appliances and electrotherapeutic devices. By advertising the vibrator as both a labor-saving household appliance and a sexualized health panacea, companies could slip vibrator ads past the censors, while supplying user manuals that clued consumers into specific sexual uses. In household appliance ads, companies drew on traditional gender roles to present vibrators as emblems of domesticity and motherhood, whereas in electrotherapeutic ads they presented vibrators as symbols of progressive gender roles, the sexualized new woman and the body-conscious “self-made man.”
Pre-diagnostic meat and fibre intakes in relation to colorectal cancer survival in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Ward Heather A. , Norat Teresa , Overvad Kim , Dahm Christina C. , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , Jenab Mazda , Fedirko Veronika , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J. B. , Skeie Guri , Romaguera-Bosch Dora , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Carbonnel Franck , Affret Aurélie , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Katzke Verena , Kühn Tilman , Aleksandrova Krassimira , Boeing Heiner , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Bamia Christina , Palli Domenico , Sieri Sabina , Tumino Rosario , Naccarati Alessio , Mattiello Amalia , Peeters Petra H. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Åsli Lene Angell , Jakszyn Paula , Ramón Quirós J. , Sánchez María-José , Dorronsoro Miren , Huerta José-María , Barricarte Aurelio , Jirström Karin , Ericson Ulrika , Johansson Ingegerd , Gylling Björn , Bradbury Kathryn E. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nicholas J. , Stepien Magdalena , Freisling Heinz , Murphy Neil , Cross Amanda J. , Riboli Elio
Published: May 2016

Improvements in colorectal cancer (CRC) detection and treatment have led to greater numbers of CRC survivors, for whom there is limited evidence on which to provide dietary guidelines to improve survival outcomes. Higher intake of red and processed meat and lower intake of fibre are associated with greater risk of developing CRC, but there is limited evidence regarding associations with survival after CRC diagnosis. Among 3789 CRC cases in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, pre-diagnostic consumption of red meat, processed meat, poultry and dietary fibre was examined in relation to CRC-specific mortality (n 1008) and all-cause mortality (n 1262) using multivariable Cox regression models, adjusted for CRC risk factors. Pre-diagnostic red meat, processed meat or fibre intakes (defined as quartiles and continuous grams per day) were not associated with CRC-specific or all-cause mortality among CRC survivors; however, a marginal trend across quartiles of processed meat in relation to CRC mortality was detected (P 0·053). Pre-diagnostic poultry intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality among women (hazard ratio (HR)/20 g/d 0·92; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·00), but not among men (HR 1·00; 95 % CI 0·91, 1·09) (Pfor heterogeneity=0·10). Pre-diagnostic intake of red meat or fibre is not associated with CRC survival in the EPIC cohort. There is suggestive evidence of an association between poultry intake and all-cause mortality among female CRC survivors and between processed meat intake and CRC-specific mortality; however, further research using post-diagnostic dietary data is required to confirm this relationship.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) finger prints evidencing high genetic variability among marine angiosperms of India
Authors: Dilipan Elangovan , Papenbrock Jutta , Thangaradjou Thirunavakkarasu
Published: May 2016

In India 14 seagrass species can be found with monospecific genera (Enhalus, ThalassiaandSyringodium),Cymodoceawith two species andHalophilaandHalodulerepresented by more than two taxonomically complex species. Considering this, the present study was made to understand the level and pattern of genetic variability among these species collected from Tamilnadu coast, India. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to evaluate the level of polymorphism existing between the species. Out of the 12 primers tested, 10 primers amplified 415 DNA fragments with an average of 41.5 fragments per primer. Of the total 415 amplified fragments only 123 (29.7%) were monomorphic and the remaining 292 (70.3%) were polymorphic for Indian seagrass species. Among the 10 primers used four are identified as the key primers capable of distinguishing all the Indian seagrasses with a high degree of polymorphism and bringing representative polymorphic alleles in all the tested seagrasses. From the present investigation, this study shows that the RAPD marker technique can be used not only as a tool to analyse genetic diversity but also to resolve the taxonomic uncertainties existing in the Indian seagrasses. The efficiency of these primers in bringing out the genetic polymorphism or homogeneity among different populations of theHalophilaandHalodulecomplex still has to be tested before recommending these primers as an identification tool for Indian seagrasses.
Imagined bodies: architects and their constructions of later life
Authors: BUSE CHRISTINA , NETTLETON SARAH , MARTIN DARYL , TWIGG JULIA
Published: May 2016

This article comprises a sociological analysis of how architects imagine the ageing body when designing residential care homes for later life and the extent to which they engage empathetically with users. Drawing on interviews with architectural professionals based in the United Kingdom, we offer insight into the ways in which architects envisage the bodies of those who they anticipate will populate their buildings. Deploying the notions of ‘body work’ and ‘the body multiple’, our analysis reveals how architects imagined a variety of bodies in nuanced ways. These imagined bodies emerge as they talked through the practicalities of the design process. Moreover, their conceptions of bodies were also permeated by prevailing ideologies of caring: although we found that they sought to resist dominant discourses of ageing, they nevertheless reproduced these discourses. Architects’ constructions of bodies are complicated by the collaborative nature of the design process, where we find an incessant juggling between the competing demands of multiple stakeholders, each of whom anticipate other imagined bodies and seek to shape the design of buildings to meet their requirements. Our findings extend a nascent sociological literature on architecture and social care by revealing how architects participate in the shaping of care for later life as ‘body workers’, but also how their empathic aspirations can be muted by other imperatives driving the marketisation of care.
Premature and preventable deaths in frail, older people: a new perspective
Authors: HITCHEN TATIANA , IBRAHIM JOSEPH E. , WOOLFORD MARTA , BUGEJA LYNDAL , RANSON DAVID
Published: May 2016

The concept and potential implications of a premature death of an older person are under-recognised and misunderstood by society. Clinical, forensic and public health practitioners need to redress this gap to prepare society better for a future where an increasing proportion of the population are vulnerable older people. Reliable and valid information is paramount for understanding how many older people have premature, preventable deaths, with implications for aged care services, health-care expenditure, quality and safety, and human rights. Our aim is to: (a) provide discourse on the limitations and challenges to the use of the concepts ‘premature’ and ‘preventable’ deaths, examining the situation for nursing home residents; and (b) propose the use of a novel classification system of ‘treated’, ‘un-treated’ and ‘untreatable’ causes of death that is more sophisticated and reflects the demographic reality of our ageing population. Accepting that preventable, premature deaths may happen to older people and adopting a new classification is a novel approach that has considerable benefits for health and life care of older persons. Improved assessment of the quality of care provided, including identification of health or life care practices that are unsafe or deleterious, can be identified and addressed.
Doped penta-graphene and hydrogenation of its related structures: a structural and electronic DFT-D study
Authors: Quijano-Briones J. J. , Fernández-Escamilla H. N. , Tlahuice-Flores A.
Published: May 2016

We carried out a dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) study of penta-C doped with Si, Ge and Sn atoms and its related hydrogenated penta-C structures (H–penta-C–X).
Selective inhibition of p97 by chlorinated analogues of dehydrocurvularin
Authors: Tillotson Joseph , Bashyal Bharat P. , Kang MinJin , Shi Taoda , De La Cruz Fabian , Gunatilaka A. A. Leslie , Chapman Eli
Published: May 2016

Through the addition of chlorine atoms to the aromatic ring of 10(11)-dehydrocurvularin, covalent inhibition was tuned for p97 selectivity relative to the proteasome.
Catalytic one-pot synthesis of 4-(hetero)aryl substituted 5-(2-oxoethyl) oxazol-2(3H)-ones by coupling–isomerization–elimination (CIE) sequence
Authors: Görgen née Boersch Christina , Lutsenko Kiril , Merkul Eugen , Frank Walter , Müller Thomas J. J.
Published: May 2016

4-(Hetero)aryl substituted 5-(2-oxoethyl) oxazol-2(3H)-ones are readily prepared in a one-pot fashion by a coupling–isomerization–elimination (CIE) sequence fromN-Boc protected 1-aryl propargyl carbamates and acid chlorides.
Reduced graphene oxide-stabilized copper nanocrystals with enhanced catalytic activity and SERS properties
Authors: Guo Meizhen , Zhao Youcheng , Zhang Fengying , Xu Li , Yang Hongfang , Song Xinyu , Bu Yuxiang
Published: May 2016

The as-obtained Cu/rGO hybrids possess excellent air stability, a higher catalytic efficiency to the reduction of p-nitrophenol and exhibit surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity.
Novel Zn(ii)-thiazolone-based solid fluorescent chemosensors: naked-eye detection for acid/base and toluene
Authors: Lin Xu-Dong , Peng Biao , Li Shao-Yong , Shao Jia , Li Qing-Zhong , Xie Cheng-Zhi , Xu Jing-Yuan
Published: May 2016

Three zinc complexes with diverse ligand's substituents show interesting fluorescence switching properties induced by acid/base vapour or toluene.
In situ formation of bioactive calcium titanate coatings on titanium screws for medical implants
Authors: Zhu Yinhui , Wang Xiaokang , Zhou Yilong , Zhao Cuilian , Yuan Jianmin , Wu Zhenjun , Wu Song , Wang Shuangyin
Published: May 2016

The special morphology of CaTiO3 coatings synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method improved titanium's in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility.
Enhanced production of extracellular proteolytic enzyme excreted by a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis FBL-1 through combined utilization of statistical designs and response surface methodology
Authors: Kim Mina , Si Jin-Beom , Reddy Lebaka Veeranjaneya , Wee Young-Jung
Published: May 2016

Protease production by newly isolatedB. subtilisFBL-1 was optimized and enhanced by combined utilization of three statistical experimental designs.
A facile access to novel heterocyclic analogues of chalcone from newly synthesized ketone containing isoxazole and a benzoxazinone ring
Authors: Verma Nishant , Kumar Sumit , Ahmed Naseem
Published: May 2016

A series of novel heterocyclic analogs of chalcone containing isoxazole and benzoxazinone ring as a prime motif was rationally designed and synthesized. There is nothing in the literature about such α,β-unsaturated ketones.
An in situ small-angle X-ray scattering study of the structural effects of temperature and draw ratio of the hot-drawing process on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers
Authors: An Minfang , Xu Haojun , Lv You , Gu Qun , Tian Feng , Wang Zongbao
Published: May 2016

Anin situsmall-angle X-ray scattering study of the structural effects of temperature and draw ratio of the hot-drawing process on UHMWPE gel fibers was performed with equipment simulating the hot-drawing process on an industrial production line.
First-principles study of electronic transport and optical properties of penta-graphene, penta-SiC2 and penta-CN2
Authors: Berdiyorov Golibjon R. , Madjet Mohamed El-Amine
Published: May 2016

Optoelectronic properties of penta-graphene, penta-SiC2 and penta-CN2 are studied using density functional theory. Penta-SiC2 shows enhanced electronic transport and optical properties compared to the other systems.
Oxygen-rich anion based energetic salts with high detonation performances
Authors: Li Ying , Huang Haifeng , Lin Xiangyang , Pan Renming , Yang Jun
Published: May 2016

Novel energetic salts based on 2,2,2-trinitroethyl nitrocarbamate anion were synthesized, which exhibited promising detonation performances (detonation pressure: 29.4 to 33.1 GPa; detonation velocity: 8213 to 8596 m s−1).
Nickel-catalyzed cyclization of alkyne-nitriles with organoboronic acids involving anti-carbometalation of alkynes
Authors: Zhang Xingjie , Xie Xin , Liu Yuanhong
Published: May 2016

Nickel-catalyzed regioselective addition/cyclization of o-(cyano)phenyl propargyl ethers with arylboronic acids provides an efficient protocol for the synthesis of functionalized 1-naphthylamines.
Hyperbranched grafting enabling simultaneous enhancement of the boric acid uptake and the adsorption rate of a complexing membrane
Authors: Meng Jianqiang , Cao Jingjing , Xu Ruisong , Wang Zhe , Sun Rongbo
Published: May 2016

Hyperbranched polyols were grafted onto a PAN membrane via a two-step process for boron removal. The grafted hyperbranched scaffold was utilized to optimize the ligand distribution so that a complexing membrane with both high capacity and high adsorption rate was obtained.
Broadband target detection algorithm in FM‐based passive bistatic radar systems
Authors: Zaimbashi Amir
Published: May 2016

In this study, the authors propose a new broadband target detection algorithm for FM‐based passive bistatic radar systems, which simultaneously exploits multiple FM radio channels transmitted by the same transmitting station. It is shown that the joint exploitation of the signals of opportunity received at multiple carrier frequencies improves target detection capability as well as the target range resolution. In addition, the proposed detection algorithm exploits all available information making the detection performance robust against time‐varying program content broadcast by the individual FM radio channels. Therefore, after formulating the broadband target detection problem as a composite hypothesis test, they derive a broadband uniformly most powerful invariant (B‐UMPI) test, together with a closed‐form expression for a statistical threshold that allows for automatic detection. To get a better insight into the detection performance of the proposed detector, a close‐form expression for the probability of detection is also derived. In addition, they analytically show that how the range resolution of the proposed broadband target detection algorithm improves. They also analytically obtain an integrated sidelobe level ratio at the output of the B‐UMPI statistics to show an improvement in the target detection quality. Finally, they provide some simulation examples to validate the authors’ theoretical analysis as well as to show the improvement in the target detection capability and the target range resolution in the broadband FM‐based passive bistatic radar systems.