bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gravure printing with a shear-rate-dependent ink
Authors: Rothmann-Brumm Pauline , Brockmann Philipp , Roisman Ilia V. , Hussong Jeanette , Dörsam Edgar , Sauer Hans Martin
Published: January 2024

Gravure printing is a type of printing method that uses metal cylinders with engraved cells that hold ink. The ink is transferred directly to the paper or other material by pressing it against the cylinder. The flow associated with gravure printing includes a flow in a liquid bridge formed in the contact region of the cylinders and a thin-film coating flow of the ink. The flow is governed by viscous and capillary forces. In many cases, the flow is unstable, which leads to the formation of instability patterns on the printed surfaces. The analysis of these instabilities is a very challenging problem, especially since industrial inks are usually rheologically complex. In this experimental and theoretical study, the flow of inks on a rotating cylinder is analysed, accounting for the shear-rate-dependent liquid viscosity. A theoretical solution for the film flow allows us to predict the width of the liquid bridge between two cylinders. Moreover, it is shown that the measured characteristic size of the printed pattern is of the same order as the predicted liquid bridge width. We observe a nearly linear dependence of pattern size and liquid bridge width.
Predictors, moderators and mediators of psychological therapies for perinatal depression in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Elias Alexa , Seward Nadine , Lund Crick
Published: January 2024

Psychological interventions have demonstrated effectiveness in treating perinatal depression (PND), but understanding for whom, how and under what conditions they improve symptoms in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is largely unknown. This review aims to synthesise current knowledge about predictors, moderators and mediators of psychological therapies to treat PND in LMICs. Five databases were searched for studies quantitatively examining the effects of at least one mediator, moderator or predictor of therapies for PND in LMICs. The review sampled seven publications evaluating findings from randomised trials conducted in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The small number of included studies limited generalisability of findings. Analyses of trials with acceptable quality suggest that patient activation in Pakistan and social support in both India and Pakistan may mediate psychotherapy effectiveness, higher baseline depression severity may moderate treatment response in South Africa, and shorter depression duration at baseline may moderate intervention response in India. This review highlights current gaps in evidence quality and the need for future trials exploring PND psychotherapy effectiveness in LMICs to follow reporting guidelines to facilitate appropriate predictor, moderator and mediator analyses.
Examining firefighter and police officers’ trust and service quality: What resources matter?
Authors: Flinchbaugh Carol , Miles Jennifer , Javadizadeh Bahareh , Liang Yanni , Smith William L.
Published: January 2024

We present and test a model examining the role of organizational and psychological resources that enable employees’ high-quality service provision in public safety jobs. Through a two-study design conceptualized in the principle of reciprocity of social exchange theory, we recruited 120 firefighters and 119 police officers and found that service quality was positively associated with their trust in the administration, training, and staffing sufficiency. We also found that police officers’ prosocial motivation, as a psychological resource, amplifies the relationship between trust in administration and service quality. The beneficial role of prosocial motivation in police officers’ service quality appears to counter recent research suggesting that prosocial motivation has a dark side in demanding contexts. Our findings contribute to and highlight essential connections between distinct resources that positively impact the service quality of firefighters and police officers in dangerous and emotionally demanding job roles.
EMU/GAMA: Radio-detected galaxies are more obscured than optically selected galaxies
Authors: Ahmed U. T. , Hopkins A. M. , Ware J. , Gordon Y. A. , Bilicki M. , Brown M. J. I. , Cluver M. , Gürkan G. , López-Sánchez Á. R. , Leahy D. A. , Marchetti L. , Phillipps S. , Prandoni I. , Seymour N. , Taylor E. N. , Vardoulaki E.
Published: January 2024

We demonstrate the importance of radio selection in probing heavily obscured galaxy populations. We combine Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) Early Science data in the Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) G23 field with the GAMA data, providing optical photometry and spectral line measurements, together with Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) infrared (IR) photometry, providing IR luminosities and colours. We investigate the degree of obscuration in star-forming galaxies, based on the Balmer decrement (BD), and explore how this trend varies, over a redshift range of

$0<z<0.345$

. We demonstrate that the radio-detected population has on average higher levels of obscuration than the parent optical sample, arising through missing the lowest BD and lowest mass galaxies, which are also the lower star formation rate (SFR) and metallicity systems. We discuss possible explanations for this result, including speculation around whether it might arise from steeper stellar initial mass functions in low mass, low SFR galaxies.
COMPREHENSIVE UPDATE OF MARINE RESERVOIR VALUES FOR NEW ZEALAND COASTAL WATERS TO INFORM COASTAL HAZARD RESEARCH
Authors: Clark Kate J , Turnbull Jocelyn C , Marshall Bruce A , Ferrick Taylor W A , Howarth Jamie D
Published: January 2024

Marine radiocarbon (14C) ages are an important geochronology tool for the understanding of past earthquakes and tsunamis that have impacted the coastline of New Zealand. To advance this field of research, we need an improved understanding of the radiocarbon marine reservoir correction for coastal waters of New Zealand. Here we report 170 new ΔR20 (1900–1950) measurements from around New Zealand made on pre-1950 marine shells and mollusks killed by the 1931 Napier earthquake. The influence of feeding method, living depth and environmental preference on ΔR is evaluated and we find no influence from these factors except for samples living at or around the high tide mark on rocky open coastlines, which tend to have anomalously low ΔR values. We examine how ΔR varies spatially around the New Zealand coastline and identify continuous stretches of coastline with statistically similar ΔR values. We recommend subdividing the New Zealand coast into four regions with different marine reservoir corrections: A: south and western South Island, ΔR20 –113 ± 33 yr, B: Cook Strait and western North Island, ΔR20 –171 ± 29 yr, C: northeastern North Island, ΔR20 –143 ± 18 yr, D: eastern North Island and eastern South Island, ΔR20 –70 ± 39 yr.
Life-threatening pulmonary haemorrhage treated with coil embolisation followed by lobectomy in a patient with KCNT1 mutation
Authors: Chauhan Dhaval , Verhoeven Pieter Alexander , Kohli Utkarsh , Udassi Jai P. , Mascio Christopher E.
Published: January 2024

KCNT1 mutations are associated with childhood epilepsy, developmental delay, and vascular malformations. We report a child with a likely pathogenic KCNT1 mutation (c.1885A>C, p.Lys629Glu) with recurrent pulmonary haemorrhage due to aortopulmonary collaterals successfully managed with coil embolisation followed by right upper lobectomy.
Use of self-practice/self-reflection (SP/SR) exercises for competency-based training and assessment in CBT
Authors: Collard James
Published: January 2024

With the increased demand for psychological services, and particularly for cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), it is vital that teaching programs offer effective training that produce skilled and competent clinicians. This paper reviews the limitations of traditional approaches to training within the field of psychology, in terms of the promotion of a breadth of declarative knowledge at the expense of a deep and nuanced understanding of cognitive behavioural theory and clinical competence. It also reviews issues with existing strategies for competency-based assessment of trainees learning CBT. To date, many of these appear to assess a range of competencies concurrently and to test trainees within complex environments. Such methods may fail to provide an opportunity for the assessment of specific areas of competence and/or confound the assessment itself. It may also result in the public being exposed to trainees who are yet to develop competence. Based on recent research in training methods within psychology at large, and in relation to CBT specifically, a model of competency-based training and assessment is presented to address these issues. This model extends the existing research on the use of the experiential self-practice/self-reflection (SP/SR) framework for training in CBT. It proposes that the use of discrete exercises within a SP/SR training program promotes a more in-depth and nuanced appreciation of cognitive behavioural knowledge and skills and increased clinical competence. Furthermore, such exercises are proposed to provide an avenue for assessing clinical competence in specific skills prior to the commencement of direct client services.

Key learning aims

(1)

To review literature on training for the development of clinical competence.

(2)

To review literature examining methods of assessing competence.

(3)

To propose the use of experiential training through a SP/SR framework as a method for providing both competency-based training and assessment.
The protective association of dairy intake and the adverse impact of iron on gestational diabetes risk
Authors: Pouladi Fatemeh , Nozari Ehsan , Hosseinzadeh Fahimeh , Hashemi Shokuh
Published: January 2024

Abstract: Background: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a pregnancy-related glucose intolerance with significant implications for maternal and fetal health. Calcium is essential for insulin secretion and metabolism, while iron intake may also impact GDM. This case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between calcium and iron intake with the risk of GDM. Methods: GDM was defined as Fasting Blood Sugar>92mg/dL or 75g Oral-Glucose-Tolerance-Test 120-minutes>153mg/dL. A 168-Item food-frequency-questionnaire was used to collect dietary calcium and iron intake from 24–40 weeks of gestation. The impact of total iron, red, processed/unprocessed meat consumption, calcium, and dairy intake on GDM were investigated. Results: A total of 229 GDM and 205 non-GDM women (18–45 years) participated. GDM group had higher pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain, and pre-pregnancy BMI. Across all models, GDM risk significantly increased in the third and fourth quartiles of iron intake. The fourth quartile had an Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.68 (CI 95%, 4.89–1.56; P<0.001) compared to the reference. Heme-iron consumption in the fourth quartiles increased GDM risk. In the second calcium intake model, ORs for the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 0.51 (CI 95%, 0.91–0.25), 0.43 (CI 95%, 0.77–0.24), and 0.35 (CI 95%, 0.63–0.19), respectively (P<0.001 all), reducing GDM risk by 50–65% compared to the first quartile. Dairy consumption in all quartiles of the first and second models was associated with lower GDM risk. Conclusions: Consumption of heme-iron through red and processed meat associated with an increased chance of developing GDM. Dairy intake reduces the chances of developing GDM in pregnant women.
New Particle Formation Events Can Reduce Cloud Droplets in Boundary Layer Clouds at the Continental Scale
Authors: Patoulias D. , Florou K. , Pandis S. N. , Nenes A.
Published: January 2024

New particle formation (NPF) substantially contributes to global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), and their climate impacts. Individual NPF events are also thought to increase local CCN, cloud droplet number (CDN), and cloud albedo. High resolution simulations however go against the latter, showing that radiatively important stratiform clouds can experience a systematic and substantial decrease in CDN during and after NPF events. CDN drops because particles too small to act as CCN uptake condensable material, and stunt the growth of particles that would otherwise form droplets. Convective clouds however experience modest increases in CDN—consistent with established views on the NPF‐cloud link. Together, these results reshape our conceptual understanding of NPF impacts on clouds, as the newly discovered duality of responses would drive cloud systems in a fundamentally different manner than thought.
Pressure Deficit in Gale Crater and a Larger Northern Polar Cap After the MY34 Global Dust Storm
Authors: de la Torre Juárez Manuel , Piqueux Sylvain , Kass David M. , Newman Claire E. , Guzewich Scott D.
Published: January 2024

We describe the model‐independent analysis technique of Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) pressure and Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) data in de la Torre Juárez et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.169945479.90436599/v1) that compared multiple years of surface pressures on Gale before, during, and after the Global Dust Storm of Mars Year 34. The analysis found (a) representative pressure scale heights over Gale; (b) that the storm was followed by a pressure deficit at Gale; (c) the following C storms did not eliminate the deficit; (d) changes in the duration of the polar caps condensation seasons, with an early start of the North Polar (NP) ice cap growing season the year before the Great Dust Storm (GDS) and a late signature of the end of the expansion season thereafter, changes consistent with a larger growth phase of the NP cap; (e) MCS observed a larger than usual NP cap; and (f) cold temperature anomalies over the NP and warm over the Southern Pole after the storm. We also show that the analysis of observed MSL pressure data alone filters out effects on the pressure signal that are attributable to dynamical and orographic processes in a recent model analysis that makes similar interpretations as our 2019 study. One additional Mars year of observations is included to eliminate early concerns about sensor drifts. Noting that a similar NP anomaly was observed with MCS data after the last early GDS in MY25, and not the later GDS of MY27, the results suggest a possible unique effect of early GDSs.
The Impact of Climate Forcing Biases and the Nitrogen Cycle on Land Carbon Balance Projections
Authors: Seiler Christian , Kou‐Giesbrecht Sian , Arora Vivek K. , Melton Joe R.
Published: January 2024

Earth System Models (ESMs) project that the terrestrial carbon sink will continue to grow as atmospheric CO2 increases, but this projection is uncertain due to biases in the simulated climate and how ESMs represent ecosystem processes. In particular, the strength of the CO2‐fertilization effect, which is modulated by nutrient cycles, varies substantially across models. This study evaluates land carbon balance uncertainties for the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) by conducting simulations where the latest version of CanESM's land surface component is driven offline with raw and bias‐adjusted CanESM5 climate forcing data. To quantify the impact of nutrient limitation, we complete simulations where the nitrogen cycle is enabled or disabled. Results show that bias adjustment improves model performance across most ecosystem variables, primarily due to reduced biases in precipitation. Turning the nitrogen cycle on increases the global land carbon sink during the historical period (1995–2014) due to enhanced nitrogen deposition, placing it within the Global Carbon Budget uncertainty range. During the future period (2080–2099), the simulated land carbon sink increases in response to bias adjustment and decreases in response to the dynamic carbon‐nitrogen interaction, leading to a net decrease when both factors are acting together. The dominating impact of the nitrogen cycle demonstrates the importance of representing nutrient limitation in ESMs. Such efforts may produce more robust carbon balance projections in support of global climate change mitigation policies such as the 2015 Paris Agreement.
Frost Quakes Shake Up Finland’s Wetlands
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: January 2024

New research shows frost quakes may happen more frequently in wetland areas and, similar to earthquakes, can cause damage to infrastructure.
Near infrared emissions from both high efficient quantum cutting (173%) and nearly-pure-color upconversion in NaY(WO4)2:Er3+/Yb3+ with thermal management capability for silicon-based solar cells
Authors: Gao Duan , Chen Baojiu , Sha Xuezhu , Zhang Yuhang , Chen Xin , Wang Li , Zhang Xizhen , Zhang Jinsu , Cao Yongze , Wang Yichao , Li Lei , Li Xiangping , Xu Sai , Yu Hongquan , Cheng Lihong
Published: January 2024

Raising photoelectric conversion efficiency and enhancing heat management are two critical concerns for silicon-based solar cells. In this work, efficient Yb3+ infrared emissions from both quantum cutting and upconversion were demonstrated by adjusting Er3+ and Yb3+ concentrations, and thermo-manage-applicable temperature sensing based on the luminescence intensity ratio of two super-low thermal quenching levels was discovered in an Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped tungstate system. The quantum cutting mechanism was clearly decrypted as a two-step energy transfer process from Er3+ to Yb3+. The two-step energy transfer efficiencies, the radiative and nonradiative transition rates of all interested 4 f levels of Er3+ in NaY(WO4)2 were confirmed in the framework of Föster-Dexter theory, Judd-Ofelt theory, and energy gap law, and based on these obtained efficiencies and rates the quantum cutting efficiency was furthermore determined to be as high as 173% in NaY(WO4)2: 5 mol% Er3+/50 mol% Yb3+ sample. Strong and nearly pure infrared upconversion emission of Yb3+ under 1550 nm excitation was achieved in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped NaY(WO4)2 by adjusting Yb3+ doping concentrations. The Yb3+ induced infrared upconversion emission enhancement was attributed to the efficient energy transfer 4I11/2 (Er3+) + 2F7/2 (Yb3+) → 4I15/2 (Er3+) + 2F5/2 (Yb3+) and large nonradiative relaxation rate of 4I9/2. Analysis on the temperature sensing indicated that the NaY(WO4)2:Er3+/Yb3+ serves well the solar cells as thermos-managing material. Moreover, it was confirmed that the fluorescence thermal quenching of 2H11/2/4S3/2 was caused by the nonradiative relaxation of 4S3/2. All the obtained results suggest that NaY(WO4)2:Er3+/Yb3+ is an excellent material for silicon-based solar cells to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency and thermal management.
Amelioration of obsessive-compulsive disorder by intracellular acidification of cortical neurons with a proton pump inhibitor
Authors: Hatakama Hikari , Asaoka Nozomi , Nagayasu Kazuki , Shirakawa Hisashi , Kaneko Shuji
Published: January 2024

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder poorly controlled with pharmacological treatment because of the wide variation in symptom patterns. We analysed real-world data on adverse self-reports and insurance claims to identify a novel therapeutic target for OCD. We found that dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonists increased the incidence of OCD-like symptoms, which were suppressed by the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Further, OCD-like repetitive and habitual behaviours were observed in mice repeatedly injected with a D2R agonist, quinpirole. However, these abnormalities were suppressed by short-term PPI treatment. In quinpirole-treated mice, PPI inhibited pyramidal neuron hyperactivity in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, a region where the P-type proton pump gene Atp4a is abundantly expressed. In primary cultured cortical neurons, short-term PPI treatment lowered intracellular pH and decreased firing activity, which was mimicked by Atp4a knockdown. Our findings show that inhibition of P-type proton pumps may be a novel therapeutic strategy for OCD.
Prediction of CAF-related genes in immunotherapy and drug sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multi-database analysis
Authors: Yao Yi , Yang KaiQing , Wang Qiang , Zhu Zeming , Li Sheng , Li Bin , Feng Bin , Tang Caixi
Published: January 2024

This study aims to identify the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF)-related genes that can affect immunotherapy and drug sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Expression data and survival data associated with HCC were obtained in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis was performed to obtain CAF-related genes. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used for regression analysis and risk models. Subsequently, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) analysis, Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) analysis and drug sensitivity analysis were performed on the risk models. Survival analysis of CAF scores showed that the survival rate was lower in samples with high CAF scores than those with low scores. However, this difference was not significant, suggesting CAF may not directly influence the prognosis of HCC patients. Further screening of CAF-related genes yielded 33 CAF-related genes. Seven risk models constructed based on CDR2L, SPRED1, PFKP, ENG, KLF2, FSCN1 and VCAN, showed significant differences in immunotherapy and partial drug sensitivity in HCC. Seven CAF-related genes may have important roles in immunotherapy, drug sensitivity and prognostic survival in HCC patients.
Pattern recognition in the nucleation kinetics of non-equilibrium self-assembly
Authors: Evans Constantine Glen , O’Brien Jackson , Winfree Erik , Murugan Arvind
Published: January 2024

Inspired by biology’s most sophisticated computer, the brain, neural networks constitute a profound reformulation of computational principles1–3. Analogous high-dimensional, highly interconnected computational architectures also arise within information-processing molecular systems inside living cells, such as signal transduction cascades and genetic regulatory networks4–7. Might collective modes analogous to neural computation be found more broadly in other physical and chemical processes, even those that ostensibly play non-information-processing roles? Here we examine nucleation during self-assembly of multicomponent structures, showing that high-dimensional patterns of concentrations can be discriminated and classified in a manner similar to neural network computation. Specifically, we design a set of 917 DNA tiles that can self-assemble in three alternative ways such that competitive nucleation depends sensitively on the extent of colocalization of high-concentration tiles within the three structures. The system was trained in silico to classify a set of 18 grayscale 30 × 30 pixel images into three categories. Experimentally, fluorescence and atomic force microscopy measurements during and after a 150 hour anneal established that all trained images were correctly classified, whereas a test set of image variations probed the robustness of the results. Although slow compared to previous biochemical neural networks, our approach is compact, robust and scalable. Our findings suggest that ubiquitous physical phenomena, such as nucleation, may hold powerful information-processing capabilities when they occur within high-dimensional multicomponent systems.
A small and vigorous black hole in the early Universe
Authors: Maiolino Roberto , Scholtz Jan , Witstok Joris , Carniani Stefano , D’Eugenio Francesco , de Graaff Anna , Übler Hannah , Tacchella Sandro , Curtis-Lake Emma , Arribas Santiago , Bunker Andrew , Charlot Stéphane , Chevallard Jacopo , Curti Mirko , Looser Tobias J. , Maseda Michael V. , Rawle Timothy D. , Rodríguez del Pino Bruno , Willott Chris J. , Egami Eiichi , Eisenstein Daniel J. , Hainline Kevin N. , Robertson Brant , Williams Christina C. , Willmer Christopher N. A. , Baker William M. , Boyett Kristan , DeCoursey Christa , Fabian Andrew C. , Helton Jakob M. , Ji Zhiyuan , Jones Gareth C. , Kumari Nimisha , Laporte Nicolas , Nelson Erica J. , Perna Michele , Sandles Lester , Shivaei Irene , Sun Fengwu
Published: January 2024

Several theories have been proposed to describe the formation of black hole seeds in the early Universe and to explain the emergence of very massive black holes observed in the first thousand million years after the Big Bang1–3. Models consider different seeding and accretion scenarios4–7, which require the detection and characterization of black holes in the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang to be validated. Here we present an extensive analysis of the JWST-NIRSpec spectrum of GN-z11, an exceptionally luminous galaxy at z = 10.6, revealing the detection of the [Neiv]λ2423 and CII*λ1335 transitions (typical of active galactic nuclei), as well as semi-forbidden nebular lines tracing gas densities higher than 109 cm−3, typical of the broad line region of active galactic nuclei. These spectral features indicate that GN-z11 hosts an accreting black hole. The spectrum also reveals a deep and blueshifted CIVλ1549 absorption trough, tracing an outflow with velocity 800−1,000 km s−1, probably driven by the active galactic nucleus. Assuming local virial relations, we derive a black hole mass of $$\log ({M}_{{\rm{BH}}}/{M}_{\odot })=6.2\pm 0.3$$

log

(

M

BH

/

M

⊙

)

=
6.2
±
0.3

, accreting at about five times the Eddington rate. These properties are consistent with both heavy seeds scenarios and scenarios considering intermediate and light seeds experiencing episodic super-Eddington phases. Our finding explains the high luminosity of GN-z11 and can also provide an explanation for its exceptionally high nitrogen abundance.
Artificial intelligence predicts normal summer monsoon rainfall for India in 2023
Authors: Narang Udit , Juneja Kushal , Upadhyaya Pankaj , Salunke Popat , Chakraborty Tanmoy , Behera Swadhin Kumar , Mishra Saroj Kanta , Suresh Akhil Dev
Published: January 2024

Inaccuracy in the All Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (AISMR) forecast has major repercussions for India's economy and people's daily lives. Improving the accuracy of AISMR forecasts remains a challenge. An attempt is made here to address this problem by taking advantage of recent advances in machine learning techniques. The data-driven models trained with historical AISMR data, the Niño3.4 index, and categorical Indian Ocean Dipole values outperform the traditional physical models, and the best-performing model predicts that the 2023 AISMR will be roughly 790 mm, which is typical of a normal monsoon year.
Soil temperature forecasting using a hybrid artificial neural network in Florida subtropical grazinglands agro-ecosystems
Authors: Biazar Seyed Mostafa , Shehadeh Hisham A. , Ghorbani Mohammad Ali , Golmohammadi Golmar , Saha Amartya
Published: January 2024

Soil temperature is a key meteorological parameter that plays an important role in determining rates of physical, chemical and biological reactions in the soil. Ground temperature can vary substantially under different land cover types and climatic conditions. Proper prediction of soil temperature is thus essential for the accurate simulation of land surface processes. In this study, two intelligent neural models—artificial neural networks (ANNs) and Sperm Swarm Optimization (SSO) were used for estimating of soil temperatures at four depths (5, 10, 20, 50 cm) using seven-year meteorological data acquired from Archbold Biological Station in South Florida. The results of this study in subtropical grazinglands of Florida showed that the integrated artificial neural network and SSO models (MLP-SSO) were more accurate tools than the original structure of artificial neural network methods for soil temperature forecasting. In conclusion, this study recommends the hybrid MLP-SSO model as a suitable tool for soil temperature prediction at different soil depths.
On the prediction of tibiofemoral contact forces for healthy individuals and osteoarthritis patients during gait: a comparative study of regression methods
Authors: Moura Felipe Arruda , Pelegrinelli Alexandre R. M. , Catelli Danilo S. , Kowalski Erik , Lamontagne Mario , da Silva Torres Ricardo
Published: January 2024

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. The intensity of the tibiofemoral contact forces is related to cartilage degeneration, and so is the importance of quantifying joint loads during daily activities. Although simulation with musculoskeletal models has been used to calculate joint loads, it demands high-cost equipment and a very time-consuming process. This study aimed to evaluate consolidated machine learning algorithms to predict tibiofemoral forces during gait analysis of healthy individuals and knee OA patients. Also, we evaluated three different datasets to train each model, considering different combinations of primary kinematic and kinetic data, and post-processing data. We evaluated 14 patients with severe unilateral knee OA and 14 healthy individuals during 3–5 gait trials. Data were split into 70% and 30% of the samples as training and test data. Test data was independently evaluated considering a mixture of pathological and healthy individuals, and only OA and Control patients. The main results showed that accurate predictions of the tibiofemoral contact forces were achieved using machine learning methods and that the predictions were sensitive to changes in the input data as training. The present study provided insights into the most promising regressions methods to predict knee contact forces representing an important starting point for the broader application of biomechanical analysis in clinical environments.
Peripheral oxytocin levels are linked to hypothalamic gray matter volume in autistic adults: a cross-sectional secondary data analysis
Authors: Haaf Raoul , Brandi Marie-Luise , Albantakis Laura , Lahnakoski Juha M. , Henco Lara , Schilbach Leonhard
Published: January 2024

Oxytocin (OXT) is known to modulate social behavior and cognition and has been discussed as pathophysiological and therapeutic factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). An accumulating body of evidence indicates the hypothalamus to be of particular importance with regard to the underlying neurobiology. Here we used a region of interest voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach to investigate hypothalamic gray matter volume (GMV) in autistic (n = 29, age 36.03 ± 11.0) and non-autistic adults (n = 27, age 30.96 ± 11.2). Peripheral plasma OXT levels and the autism spectrum quotient (AQ) were used for correlation analyses. Results showed no differences in hypothalamic GMV in autistic compared to non-autistic adults but suggested a differential association between hypothalamic GMV and OXT levels, such that a positive association was found for the ASD group. In addition, hypothalamic GMV showed a positive association with autistic traits in the ASD group. Bearing in mind the limitations such as a relatively small sample size, a wide age range and a high rate of psychopharmacological treatment in the ASD sample, these results provide new preliminary evidence for a potentially important role of the HTH in ASD and its relationship to the OXT system, but also point towards the importance of interindividual differences.
Microbic flow analysis of nano fluid with chemical reaction in microchannel with flexural walls under the effects of thermophoretic diffusion
Authors: Akbar Noreen Sher , Rafiq Maimona , Muhammad Taseer , Alghamdi Metib
Published: January 2024

The current investigation examines the peristaltic flow, in curved conduit, having complaint boundaries for nanofluid. The effects of curvature are taken into account when developing the governing equations for the nano fluid model for curved channels. Nonlinear & coupled differential equations are then simplified by incorporating the long wavelength assumption along with smaller Reynolds number. The homotopy perturbation approach is used to analytically solve the reduced coupled differential equations. The entropy generation can be estimated through examining the contributions of heat and fluid viscosities. The results of velocity, temperature, concentration, entropy number, and stream functions have been plotted graphically in order to discuss the physical attributes of the essential quantities. Increase in fluid velocity within the curved conduit is noticed for higher values of thermophoresis parameter and Brownian motion parameter further entropy generation number is boosted by increasing values of Grashof number.
Finite element analysis of cross fluid model over a vertical disk suspended to a tetra hybrid nanoparticles mixture
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Nazir Umar , Singh Abha , Tulu Ayele , Khan Muhammad Jahangir
Published: January 2024

Nanoparticles have numerous applications and are used frequently in different cooling, heating, treatment of cancer cells and manufacturing processes. The current investigation covers the utilization of tetra hybrid nanofluid (aluminum oxide, iron dioxide, titanium dioxide and copper) for Crossflow model over a vertical disk by considering the shape effects (bricks, cylindrical and platelet) of nanoparticles, electro-magneto-hydrodynamic effect and quadratic thermal radiation. In the current inspection model is first derived given PD-equations and then altered into a system of OD-equations by including similarity variables. The converted ordinary differential equations are solved by using the finite element procedure and the impact of the solution against numerous involved parameters is displayed through tables and graphs. It is observed that tetra-hybrid nanoparticles are recommended better in industrial applications where the highest production of thermal energy. Moreover, an enhancement of thermal production can be achieved utilizing different values of the magnetic parameter, time relaxation number, variable thermal radiation number and magnetic induction number but the opposite trend has been noticed with the effects of radiation number.
Functional and anatomical outcomes of brolucizumab for nAMD in a real-life setting
Authors: Pastore Marco Rocco , Milan Serena , Cirigliano Gabriella , Tognetto Daniele
Published: January 2024

To report long-term outcomes of brolucizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treatment. Records from 74 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Both naïve eyes and those previously treated with other antiVEGF agents were included. Primary outcomes included variation in best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST), intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) dimensions. Outcomes were reviewed after the loading phase, at week 24, and at last follow-up. IOI occurrence represented the secondary outcome. BCVA improved significantly in both groups. In switched eyes, IRF and SRF were significantly reduced at every timepoint, with CST reduction from week 24 (p = 0.005). In naïve group, CST decreased from the loading phase (p = 0.006) and all patients showed dry macula from week 24. A significant reduction in PED maximum high was demonstrated in both groups. In seven naïve eyes, PED completely reabsorbed; a slight increase in PED horizontal maximal diameter was also observed from week 24. IOI occurred in 5.4% of cases. In conclusion, brolucizumab showed a strong drying effect, permitting functional improvement together with fluid reabsorption and an encouraging modification of PED dimension, especially on naïve patients. These results together with the extension of treatment intervals make brolucizumab an efficient therapeutic strategy for nAMD.
Regulation of mitochondrial metabolism by autophagy supports leptin-induced cell migration
Authors: García-Miranda Alin , Montes-Alvarado José Benito , Sarmiento-Salinas Fabiola Lilí , Vallejo-Ruiz Verónica , Castañeda-Saucedo Eduardo , Navarro-Tito Napoleón , Maycotte Paola
Published: January 2024

Leptin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue, which promotes tumor progression by activating canonical signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK. Recent studies have shown that leptin induces autophagy, and this process is involved in leptin-induced characteristics of malignancy. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process associated with different hallmarks of cancer, such as cell survival, migration, and metabolic reprogramming. However, its relationship with metabolic reprogramming has not been clearly described. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of leptin-induced autophagy in cancer cell metabolism and its association with cellular proliferation and migration in breast cancer cells. We used ER+/PR+ and triple-negative breast cancer cell lines treated with leptin, autophagy inhibition, or mitochondrial metabolism inhibitors. Our results show that leptin induces autophagy, increases proliferation, mitochondrial ATP production and mitochondrial function in ER+/PR+ cells. Importantly, autophagy was required to maintain metabolic changes and cell proliferation driven by leptin. In triple-negative cells, leptin did not induce autophagy or cell proliferation but increased glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP production, mitochondrial function, and cell migration. In triple negative cells, autophagy was required to support metabolic changes and cell migration, and autophagy inhibition decreased cellular migration similar to mitochondrial inhibitors. In conclusion, leptin-induced autophagy supports mitochondrial metabolism in breast cancer cells as well as glycolysis in triple negative cells. Importantly, leptin-induced mitochondrial metabolism promoted cancer cell migration.
Life-history of Palaeoloxodon antiquus reveals Middle Pleistocene glacial refugium in the Megalopolis basin, Greece
Authors: Roditi Effrosyni , Bocherens Hervé , Konidaris George E. , Athanassiou Athanassios , Tourloukis Vangelis , Karkanas Panagiotis , Panagopoulou Eleni , Harvati Katerina
Published: January 2024

The Balkans are considered a major glacial refugium where flora and fauna survived glacial periods and repopulated the rest of Europe during interglacials. While it is also thought to have harboured Pleistocene human populations, evidence linking human activity, paleoenvironmental indicators and a secure temporal placement to glacial periods is scant. Here, we present the first intra-tooth multi-isotope analysis for the European straight-tusked elephant Palaeoloxodon antiquus, on an adult male individual excavated in association with lithic artefacts at the MIS 12 site Marathousa 1 (Megalopolis basin, Greece). The studied find also exhibits anthropogenic modifications, providing direct evidence of hominin presence. We employed strontium, carbon and oxygen isotope analysis on enamel bioapatite to investigate its foraging and mobility behaviour, using a sequential sampling strategy along the tooth growth axis of the third upper molar, to assess ecological changes during the last decade of life. We found a geographically restricted range, in a C3-dominated open woodland environment, and relatively stable conditions over the examined timeframe. Our results show that, despite the severity of the MIS 12 glacial, the Megalopolis basin sustained a mesic habitat, sufficient plant cover and limited seasonal fluctuations in resource availability, pointing to its role as a glacial refugium for both fauna and hominins.
Parkinson’s disease detection based on features refinement through L1 regularized SVM and deep neural network
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Javeed Ashir , Noor Adeeb , Rauf Hafiz Tayyab , Kadry Seifedine , Gandomi Amir H.
Published: January 2024

In previous studies, replicated and multiple types of speech data have been used for Parkinson’s disease (PD) detection. However, two main problems in these studies are lower PD detection accuracy and inappropriate validation methodologies leading to unreliable results. This study discusses the effects of inappropriate validation methodologies used in previous studies and highlights the use of appropriate alternative validation methods that would ensure generalization. To enhance PD detection accuracy, we propose a two-stage diagnostic system that refines the extracted set of features through $$L_{1}$$

L
1

regularized linear support vector machine and classifies the refined subset of features through a deep neural network. To rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed diagnostic system, experiments are performed on two different voice recording-based benchmark datasets. For both datasets, the proposed diagnostic system achieves 100% accuracy under leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) cross-validation (CV) and 97.5% accuracy under k-fold CV. The results show that the proposed system outperforms the existing methods regarding PD detection accuracy. The results suggest that the proposed diagnostic system is essential to improving non-invasive diagnostic decision support in PD.
Prevalence and patterns of comorbidities in people with disabilities and their associated socio-demographic factors
Authors: Rana Md Shohel , Alam Md Badsha , Khanam Shimlin Jahan , Kabir Md Iqbal , Khandaker Gulam , Khan Md Nuruzzaman
Published: January 2024

The presence of comorbidities among individuals with disabilities worsens their already complex health and social circumstances. This study aims to explore prevalence and patterns of morbidities among persons with disabilities in Bangladesh and identify associated socio-demographic factors. Data from 4270 persons with disability was analysed extracted from the 2021 Bangladesh National Household Survey on Persons with Disability. Outcome variable considered was the occurrence of morbidity among persons with disabilities. Explanatory variables encompassed factors at the individual, household, and community levels. Adjusted and unadjusted multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to explore association of outcome variable with explanatory variables. We found that approximately half of individuals with disabilities experienced one or more morbidities, with chronic conditions being the most prevalent (44%). Around 42% of total persons with disability were unable to work. Specifically, hypertension (18.3%), diabetes (9.1%), and heart problems (17.1%) were prevalent chronic conditions. The likelihood of experiencing comorbidity was found to be higher among females (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1, 1.7), increase year of education (aOR, 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2), and those from wealthier households (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2, 2.2). This underscores the need for targeted policies and interventions addressing their distinct healthcare needs.
Analyzing housing supply location choice: a comparative study of the modelling frameworks
Authors: Zhang Yu , Miller Eric J.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to predict the location of new housing supply and compare two different modelling frameworks. Housing supply significantly influences land use simulations in urban microsimulation systems, closely linked with demographic, transportation, and environmental modules. The supply of new dwellings in urban simulation models have evolved from static, exogenous inputs to dynamic, agent-based determinations. This study follows this trend to examine two approaches to modelling the spatial distribution of new housing supply: the first approach models the development choice of each location; the second approach models the location choice of each residential project. Multinomial logit and nested logit models are applied to a Toronto empirical dataset. The results show that although the first approach achieves higher goodness-of-fit and prediction accuracy, the second approach performs better in explaining the locational preference of individual projects. Project characteristics such as structure type and construction cost, as well as location characteristics such as housing price, number of sales, and population density affect the spatial distribution of new housing supply. Both approaches are evaluated regarding estimation, prediction, and microsimulation system integration. The findings enhance housing modelling literature and inform urban microsimulation’s housing supply model configuration.
A study on matching supply and demand of ecosystem services in the Hexi region of China based on multi-source data
Authors: Zhang Xuebin , Li Xuehong , Wang Ziyang , Liu Yue , Yao Litang
Published: January 2024

To achieve the best management of the ecosystem and sustainable socioeconomic development, it is crucial to clarify the matching relationship between the supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs). Four types of ESs were chosen for the Hexi region in this study: food supply, carbon sequestration, water yield, wind erosion control and sediment retention. We assessed the supply–demand and matching relationships of different ESs using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Service and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model, the ESs supply–demand ratio and the four-quadrant model. Moreover, we also analyzed the supply–demand ratio of integrated ESs and their cold spots. The findings suggest that (1) from 2000 to 2020, the average supply of food supply, carbon sequestration, water yield, wind erosion control and sediment retention increased by 44.31 t/km2, 128.44 t/hm2, 14,545.94 m3/km2 and 0.14 kg/m2 respectively, which showed a spatial pattern of “high in the southeast and low in the northwest”. The average demand for food supply and carbon sequestration increased by 1.33 t/km2 and 0.32 t/hm2 respectively, while the average demand for water yield and wind erosion control and sediment retention decreased by 2997.25 m3/km2 and 1.19 kg/km2 respectively. The spatial distribution is consistent with the layout of population density, production and residential areas, and fragile ecological areas. (2) The supply–demand ratio of food supply, carbon sequestration and water yield is greater than 0.095, which is in a state of oversupply, and the supply–demand ratio of wind erosion control and sediment retention is less than 0, which is in a state of shortage; all ESs are mainly in low-low spatial matching areas, mainly concentrated in the desert areas of the northwest in the Hexi region. (3) The supply–demand ratio of integrated ESs increased by 0.024, and the proportion of cold spots and sub-cold spots was more than 50% and concentrated in the northwest, while hot spots and sub-hot spots accounted for only about 16%, mainly distributed in the southern Qilian Mountains and some oasis areas.