bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence and factors affecting the formation of trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes in outdoor swimming pools treated with trichloroisocyanuric acid
Authors: Yang Fang , Yang Zhaoguang , Li Haipu , Jia Fangfang , Yang Ying
Published: November 2017

Occurrence and health risks of the title DBPs in outdoor swimming pools were identified and the influence of water parameters and pool management on their formation were discussed.
Enhanced delivery of lipophilic bioactives using emulsions: a review of major factors affecting vitamin, nutraceutical, and lipid bioaccessibility
Authors: McClements David Julian
Published: November 2017

Many researchers are currently developing emulsion-based delivery systems to increase the bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive agents, such as oil-soluble vitamins, nutraceuticals, and lipids. This article reviews recent research in this area.
Narrow-spectrum antibacterial agents
Authors: Melander Roberta J. , Zurawski Daniel V. , Melander Christian
Published: November 2017

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics have the potential to limit selection for and spread of resistance, and to elicit a lesser detrimental effect upon the host microbiome.
Tuning chain interaction entropy in complex coacervation using polymer stiffness, architecture, and salt valency
Authors: Lytle Tyler K. , Sing Charles E.
Published: November 2017

Theory and simulation demonstrate how molecular features can be used to design the phase behavior of polymeric complex coacervates.
Vertically stacked nanocellulose tactile sensor
Authors: Jung Minhyun , Kim Kyungkwan , Kim Bumjin , Lee Kwang-Jae , Kang Jae-Wook , Jeon Sanghun
Published: November 2017

Paper-based electronic devices are attracting considerable attention, because the paper platform has unique attributes such as flexibility and eco-friendliness.
Micelle-assisted electrodeposition of highly mesoporous Fe–Pt nodular films with soft magnetic and electrocatalytic properties
Authors: Isarain-Chávez Eloy , Baró Maria Dolors , Pellicer Eva , Sort Jordi
Published: November 2017

Mesoporous Fe–Pt nodular-grained films obtained by micelle-assisted electrodeposition exhibit soft-magnetic properties and catalyze hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline/acidic media.
Output optimized electret nanogenerators for self-powered long-distance optical communication systems
Authors: Yuan Fang , Li Wenbo , Lin Shizhe , Wu Nan , Chen Shuwen , Zhong Junwen , Xu Zisheng , Li Xin , Xiao Yongjun , Huang Liang
Published: November 2017

Self-powered optical communication systems are built for emergency information exchange.
Short synthesis of polyfunctional sp3-rich threonine-derived morpholine scaffolds
Authors: Lenci Elena , Rossi Alessio , Menchi Gloria , Trabocchi Andrea
Published: November 2017

A convenient synthesis of sp3-rich complex morpholines was achieved in two steps involving a Petasis three-component coupling reaction followed by an acid- or base-mediated cyclization.
β-Alanine and N-terminal cationic substituents affect polyamide–DNA binding
Authors: Liu Beibei , Wang Shuo , Aston Karl , Koeller Kevin J. , Kermani Shahrzad Fanny Hakami , Castañeda Carlos H. , Scuderi M. José , Luo Rensheng , Bashkin James K. , Wilson W. David
Published: November 2017

The binding preference of a systematic set of designed polyamides with β-inserts and cationic-substitutions with cognate DNA.
Synthesis and bioconjugation of first alkynylated poly(dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole)s
Authors: Schmid Sylvia , Gačanin Jasmina , Wu Yuzhou , Weil Tanja , Bäuerle Peter
Published: November 2017

First synthesis of alkynylated poly(dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrroles) is reported for the fabrication of compositionally tuneable electrodes.
Pillar[5]arene-based chiral 3D polymer network for heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Zhu Huangtianzhi , Shi Bingbing , Gao Lina , Liu Yuezhou , Liu Pei-Ren , Shangguan Liqing , Mao Zhengwei , Huang Feihe
Published: November 2017

We report the preparation of a chiral 3D polymer network endowed with ability of heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis and good recyclability based on pillar[5]arene and (R,R)-tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanol derivatives.
Selective oxidation of cellulose, mediated by N-hydroxyphthalimide, under a metal-free environment
Authors: Coseri Sergiu , Biliuta Gabriela , Simionescu Bogdan C.
Published: November 2017

The generation of the phthalimide-N-oxyl (PINO) free radical from its N-hydroxylphthalimide (NHPI) precursor under a metal free environment, to selectively oxidize the primary OH groups in cellulose is reported.
Mononuclear palladium(ii) and platinum(ii) complexes of P,C-donor ligands: synthesis, crystal structures, cytotoxicity, and mechanistic studies of a highly stereoselective Mizoroki–Heck reaction
Authors: Sabounchei Seyyed Javad , Hosseinzadeh Marjan , Salehzadeh Sadegh , Maleki Farahnaz , Gable Robert W.
Published: November 2017

Pallada- and platinacycle complexes exhibit potential orientations in stereoselective transformations and anticancer metallodrugs.
Synthesis of porous nitrogen doped zinc oxide nanostructures using a novel paper mediated template method and their photocatalytic study for dye degradation under natural sunlight
Authors: Kale Gajanan , Arbuj Sudhir , Kawade Ujjwala , Rane Sunit , Ambekar Jalindar , Kale Bharat
Published: November 2017

A novel paper-mediated template technique for the synthesis of N-ZnO nanostructures.
Photoredox 1,2-dicarbofunctionalization of unactivated alkenes via tandem radical difluoroalkylation and alkynyl migration
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Weipeng , Xie Jin , Zhu Chengjian
Published: November 2017

Visible-light-mediated tandem radical difluoroalkylation and alkynylation of unactivated alkenes is described. It comprises a mild C–C bond activation via intramolecular 1,4-radical alkynyl migration.
Theoretical investigations on the structure–property relationships of Au13and AuxM13−xnanoclusters
Authors: Lv Ying , Kang Xi , Yang Sha , Chen Tao , Liu Ao , Yu Haizhu , Zhu Manzhou
Published: November 2017

The effect of ligands and dopants on AuxM13−xNCs was studied by DFT and TD-DFT calculations.
Degradation of ciprofloxacin by TiO2/Fe2O3/zeolite catalyst-activated persulfate under visible LED light irradiation
Authors: Liu Minmin , Zhang Lin , Xi Bei-dou , Yu Shuili , Hu Xiaojun , Hou Li-an
Published: November 2017

The (4)TiFeZ catalyst exhibited better performance for CIP removal compared with the other samples. The CIP was completely degraded in 120 min by using 1 g L−1 (4)TiFeZ and 5.0 mM PS at pH 7.0.
Surface adsorption and thermodynamic properties of mixed system of ionic liquid surfactants with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide
Authors: Qin Li , Wang Xin-Hong
Published: November 2017

The effects of temperature and concentration of CTAB added to imidazolium-based ionic liquids (CnmimBr,n= 10, 12, 16) were investigated, and surface active parameters and aggregation of these surfactants were explored by surface tension and conductivity measurements.
Synthesis of graphene wrapped porous CoMoO4 nanospheres as high-performance anodes for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Lyu Donghao , Zhang Lingling , Wei Huaixin , Geng Hongbo , Gu Hongwei
Published: November 2017

Herein, we described a facile method to synthesise porous CoMoO4 nanospheres wrapped with graphene (CoMoO4@G).
A theoretical study of the substituent effect on reactions of amines, carbon dioxide and ethylene oxide catalyzed by binary ionic liquids
Authors: Huang Minmin , Luo Zhoujie , Zhu Tong , Chen Jian , Zhang John Zenghui , Xia Fei
Published: November 2017

DFT calculations indicate that the key activation barriers in the reaction of ethylene oxide and amines play an important role in determining the yields of products.
Annealing effect on the photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performance of TiO2 nanorod arrays
Authors: Xie Zheng , Shuang Shuang , Ma Lingwei , Zhu Fei , Liu Xiangxuan , Zhang Zhengjun
Published: November 2017

The photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 nanorod arrays annealed in the air were investigated.
Dye-stimulated control of conducting polypyrrole morphology
Authors: Valtera Stanislav , Prokeš Jan , Kopecká Jitka , Vrňata Martin , Trchová Miroslava , Varga Martin , Stejskal Jaroslav , Kopecký Dušan
Published: November 2017

Three azo dyes bearing hydrophilic functional groups at different positions on a hydrophobic naphthylphenyldiazene skeleton were used as structure-guiding agents in the synthesis of highly organised supramolecular structures of PPy in aqueous media.
Study of oxidation process occurring in natural graphite deposits
Authors: Hongjuan Sun , Tongjiang Peng , Bo Liu , Caifeng Ma , Liming Luo , Quanjun Wang , Jiaqi Duan , Xiaoyi Liang
Published: November 2017

This paper aimed to investigate the chemical bond characteristics and oxidation properties of graphite deposits found in Nanjiang County, Sichuan Province, China.
Identification of cadmium resistance and adsorption gene from Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)
Authors: Qin Weitong , Liu Xiaoqing , Yu Xiaoxia , Chu Xiaoyu , Tian Jian , Wu Ningfeng
Published: November 2017

Cadmium resistance and adsorption genecapBfromEscherichia coliBL21 (DE3).
Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of “ligandless” Ni-catalyzed hydrodesulfurization of aryl sulfide
Authors: Fang Sheng , Wang Meiyan , Liu Jingjing , Li Bingwen , Liu Jing-yao
Published: November 2017

The reaction mechanism of Ni(COD)2catalyzed hydrodesulfurization of aryl sulfide PhSMe with HSiMe3has been predicted to have two competitive reaction pathways, with or without PhSMe spectator ligand, by using density functional theory methods.
Study on the cleavage of alkyl-O-aryl bonds by in situ generated hydroxyl radicals on an ORR cathode
Authors: Wang Lei , Chen Yongmei , Liu Shuangyan , Jiang Haomin , Wang Linan , Sun Yanzhi , Wan Pingyu
Published: November 2017

˙OH selectively attacks the active sites opposite to phenolic hydroxyl groups and leads to bond-cleavage of ether bonds.
Unequivocal determination of caulamidines A and B: application and validation of new tools in the structure elucidation tool box
Authors: Milanowski Dennis J. , Oku Naoya , Cartner Laura K. , Bokesch Heidi R. , Williamson R. Thomas , Saurí Josep , Liu Yizhou , Blinov Kirill A. , Ding Yuanqing , Li Xing-Cong , Ferreira Daneel , Walker Larry A. , Khan Shabana , Davies-Coleman Michael T. , Kelley James A. , McMahon James B. , Martin Gary E. , Gustafson Kirk R.
Published: November 2017

Newly described NMR experimental approaches can provide valuable structural details and a complementary means of structure verification.
Sustainable production of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) with an enriched mixed bacterial culture: microbial characterization using molecular methods
Authors: Reddy M. Venkateswar , Mohan S. Venkata , Chang Young-Cheol
Published: November 2017

Chain elongation is the process by which bacteria convert ethanol and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) into medium chain fatty acids (MCFA).
Large stretchability and failure mechanism of graphene kirigami under tension
Authors: Hua Zhujiang , Zhao Yang , Dong Shuhong , Yu Peishi , Liu Yu , Wei Ning , Zhao Junhua
Published: November 2017

From the macro- to the nanoscale, kirigami structures show novel and tunable properties by tailoring the original two-dimensional sheets.
Nanowire-assembled Co3O4@NiCo2O4 architectures for high performance all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Lu Yao , Li La , Chen Di , Shen Guozhen
Published: November 2017

A rational design to fabricate two-dimensional (2D) Co3O4@NiCo2O4 architectures composed of nanowires on a Ni foam substrate has been proposed.
Rice husk-derived hybrid lithium-ion capacitors with ultra-high energy
Authors: Li Bo , Xiao Zhujun , Chen Ming , Huang Ziyue , Tie Xiaoyong , Zai Jiantao , Qian Xuefeng
Published: November 2017

Inspired by nature, hybrid lithium-ion capacitors with both electrodes derived from rice husks are properly designed and constructed with long cycle life and ultra-high energy and power densities.
Phthalocyanine-mediated non-covalent coupling of carbon nanotubes with polyaniline for ultrafast NH3 gas sensors
Authors: Wu Hao , Chen Zhimin , Zhang Jialin , Wu Feng , He Chunying , Wu Yiqun , Ren Zhiyu
Published: November 2017

The effective integration of carbon nanotubes with polyaniline for the rapid and sensitive detection of NH3 was achieved via a tetra-β-carboxyphthalocyanine cobalt(ii)-mediated non-covalent coupling.
Ultra-high-rate, ultra-long-life asymmetric supercapacitors based on few-crystalline, porous NiCo2O4 nanosheet composites
Authors: Zhang Long , Dong Lei , Li Mengxiong , Wang Peng , Zhang Jiajia , Lu Hongbin
Published: November 2017

A few-crystalline, porous NiCo2O4 nanosheet composite (FCP-NiCo2O4/RGO/CNTs) has been synthesized and it exhibits superior electrochemical performance for asymmetric supercapacitors, especially in terms of ultra-high-rate and ultra-long cycle life.
Controlled fabrication of flower-like α-zirconium phosphate for the efficient removal of radioactive strontium from acidic nuclear wastewater
Authors: Mu Wanjun , Yu Qianghong , Zhang Rui , Li Xingliang , Hu Rui , He Yao , Wei Hongyuan , Jian Yuan , Yang Yuchuan
Published: November 2017

A novel flower-like α-ZrP adsorbent was prepared by a simple one-step solid-state method, and it exhibited exceptional Sr(ii) adsorption capacity, up to 293.34 mg g−1.
Interfacial disorder in efficient polymer solar cells: the impact of donor molecular structure and solvent additives
Authors: Jain Nakul , Chandrasekaran Naresh , Sadhanala Aditya , Friend Richard H. , McNeill Christopher R. , Kabra Dinesh
Published: November 2017

Highly sensitive spectroscopic study of interfacial disorder and its correlation with the solvent additive and the molecular structure of the donor in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells.
Hierarchically porous sheath–core graphene-based fiber-shaped supercapacitors with high energy density
Authors: Zheng Xianhong , Zhang Kun , Yao Lan , Qiu Yiping , Wang Shiren
Published: November 2017

Hierarchically porous, micropore-domain graphene-based fiber-shaped supercapacitors show high energy density.
Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2to CO with 100% faradaic efficiency by using pyrolyzed zeolitic imidazolate frameworks supported on carbon nanotube networks
Authors: Guo Ying , Yang Huijuan , Zhou Xin , Liu Kunlong , Zhang Chao , Zhou Zhiyou , Wang Cheng , Lin Wenbin
Published: November 2017

100% faradaic efficiency is achieved in electrochemical reduction of CO2to COviacoupling between ZIFs and CNTs.
On the mesoscale mechanism of synthetic calcium–silicate–hydrate precipitation: a population balance modeling approach
Authors: Andalibi M. Reza , Kumar Abhishek , Srinivasan Bhuvanesh , Bowen Paul , Scrivener Karen , Ludwig Christian , Testino Andrea
Published: November 2017

A mesoscale pathway of calcium–silicate–hydrate precipitation, leading to nanocrystallites packing nematically in anisotropic particles is quantitatively described for the first time.
Antioxidant nanomaterials in advanced diagnoses and treatments of ischemia reperfusion injuries
Authors: Amani Hamed , Habibey Rouhollah , Hajmiresmail S. J. , Latifi Shahrzad , Pazoki-Toroudi Hamidreza , Akhavan Omid
Published: November 2017

The effects of antioxidant nanomaterials on organ ischemia with inadequate oxygen supply followed by reperfusion occured in different clinical conditions and surgical procedures including stroke, myocardial infarction, limb ischemia, renal failure, organ transplantation, free-tissue-transfer, cardiopulmonary bypass, and vascular surgery.
Dual-emissive polystyrene@zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 composite for ratiometric detection of singlet oxygen
Authors: Gao Jie , Wang Caihong , Tan Hongliang
Published: November 2017

The co-encapsulation of EuPS and AnC in a ZIF-8 host leads to the formation of a dual-emissive composite for fluorescent ratiometric sensing of singlet oxygen.
Stacked indium oxide/zinc oxide heterostructures as semiconductors in thin film transistor devices: a case study using atomic layer deposition
Authors: Sanctis Shawn , Krausmann Jan , Guhl Conrad , Schneider Jörg J.
Published: November 2017

Multilayer indium/zinc oxide thin films show high performance in transistor device performance depending on their layer sequence and thickness.
A novel 2D coordination network built from hexacopper(i)-iodide clusters and cagelike aminophosphine blocks for reversible “turn-on” sensing of aniline
Authors: Jaros Sabina W. , Sokolnicki Jerzy , Wołoszyn Aleksandra , Haukka Matti , Kirillov Alexander M. , Smoleński Piotr
Published: November 2017

An unique copper(i) coordination polymer was prepared, characterized and applied as a luminescence sensor for aniline recognition.
A combinational molecular design to achieve highly efficient deep-blue electrofluorescence
Authors: Bian Mengying , Zhao Zifeng , Li Yu , Li Qing , Chen Zhijian , Zhang Dongdong , Wang Shufeng , Bian Zuqiang , Liu Zhiwei , Duan Lian , Xiao Lixin
Published: November 2017

A novel high-performance deep-blue emitting material TPEA that combines the merits of AIE and TTF plus HLCT is demonstrated.
Oxidative Functionalization of Cyclic N-Arylamines with Nitromethane and TMSCN Using the T-HYDRO/t-BuOK System
Authors: Periasamy Mariappan , Rao Gunda
Published: November 2017

Tertiary cyclic N-arylamines react with nitromethane in the presence of the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (T-HYDRO)/t-BuOK system to give β-nitroamines in up to 90% yield. When TMSCN is used in place of nitromethane, α-aminonitriles are obtained in up to 96% yield. The method is suitable for several unactivated cyclic arylamine substrates. These transformations are rationalized considering the formation of the corresponding iminium ion intermediates via an initial electron transfer process.
Alte und neue Strukturen von Public Health in Deutschland
Authors: Wildner Manfred
Published: November 2017

Public-Health-Strukturen im Deutschland der zweiten Dekade des 21. Jahrhunderts werden in ihren Grundzügen vorgestellt. Dabei wird Bezug genommen zu den staatlichen Public-Health-Förderprogrammen Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts und der erfolgreichen erneuten Etablierung von Public-Health-Kompetenzen und Kapazitäten an den Hochschulen und Universitäten. Strukturen in direkter staatlicher Trägerschaft, in öffentlich-rechtlicher Selbstverwaltung und im nicht-staatlichen for-profit und not-for-profit Sektor werden aufgezeigt. Zukünftige Herausforderungen werden skizziert und ein vernetztes Modell in dreistelliger Relation von Forschung und Lehre, Politik und Praxis vorgeschlagen.
Das Alphabet der Notfallpflege
Authors: Dönitz Stephan
Published: November 2017

Strukturierte Untersuchung und Behandlung Sie sind immer wieder in die Versorgung von Notfallpatienten eingebunden – Mitarbeiter in
der Anästhesie und Intensivpflege. Dabei kommt es gerade beim Erstkontakt oft darauf an, die Patienten strukturiert und
prioritätenorientiert zu untersuchen, um lebensbedrohliche Probleme rasch zu erkennen und umgehend zu behandeln. Seit Jahren etabliert sich
hierzu zunehmend die sogenannte ABCDE-Vorgehensweise. Dieser Beitrag stellt das Konzept vor und beleuchtet seinen Wert in verschiedenen
Settings.
Ein Höchstmaß an Normalität
Authors: Borgwardt Mandy , Hammermüller Sören
Published: November 2017

Von der klinischen Intensivtherapie zur außerklinischen Beatmung Nach einem Aufenthalt auf der Intensivstation so schnell wie möglich
wieder in ein normales Leben zurückzufinden, ist das Bestreben jedes Patienten. Das gilt auch für solche, die weiter beatmet werden müssen.
An diesem Überleitungsprozess sind viele Akteure beteiligt, die eng zusammenarbeiten müssen, um den Weg aus der Klinik für den Patienten so
sicher wie möglich zu gestalten.
Limitationen der Routineerfassung und Trenddarstellung von Gewaltereignissen in psychiatrischen Kliniken
Authors: Franz Michael , Richter Dirk
Published: November 2017

Ziel Beitrag zur Analyse von Routinedaten bezüglich gewalttätiger Übergriffe in psychiatrischen Einrichtungen.

Methodik Eine jüngst publizierte Zeitreihe berichtet eine Zunahme von Gewalt. Die um 1,5 Jahre verlängerte Zeitreihe wird bezüglich Einflussfaktoren und Trendlinien analysiert.

Ergebnisse Die Entwicklung fluktuiert eher auf niedrigem Niveau. Ein nichtlinearer Trend erscheint angemessen.

Schlussfolgerung Erfassung und Interpretation von Routinedaten sind wertvoll, sollten möglichst standardisiert erfolgen und Einflussfaktoren berücksichtigen.
Bupivacaine Versus Liposomal Bupivacaine For Pain Control
Authors: Beiranvand Siavash , Moradkhani Mahmoud
Published: November 2017

Local infiltrations and regional blocks have been some of the effective ways employed to manage and control post-operative pain. One of the limitations of administration of local anesthesia drugs in post-operative conditions is its inability to act for a longer period of time. Multi-vesicular liposomes made up of bupivacaine have been progressively used for their increased duration of action. Compared to bupivacaine HCL, local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine have shown to have a significantly increase the duration and delay in peak plasma concentration. In this article, we attempt to compare liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine based on available clinical literatures. Liposomal bupivacaine has been demonstrated to have promising implications in post- operative pain control resulting in increased patient satisfaction; reduced hospital admission and opioid induced adverse events. Clinical studies have identified liposomal bupivacaine to be effective in delivering increased post-operative pain control. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive comparison between bupivacaine liposomal and conventional bupivacaine based on reported clinical trials.
Nonlinearly coupled oscillators synchronize with surprising revelations
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: November 2017

Hamiltonian systems, coupled nonlinearly, synchronize when their phase space domains merge, revealing new insight into chaotic behavior.
GPCR-controlled membrane recruitment of negative regulator C2GAP1 locally inhibits Ras signaling for adaptation and long-range chemotaxis
Authors: Xu Xuehua , Wen Xi , Veltman Douwe M. , Keizer-Gunnink Ineke , Pots Henderikus , Kortholt Arjan , Jin Tian
Published: November 2017

Significance

Eukaryotic cells migrate through a gradient with a huge concentration range of chemoattractant stimuli by employing “adaptation,” in which cells no longer respond to the present stimuli, but remain sensitive to stronger stimuli. Many models agree on the “temporal adaptation”: a rapid “excitation” that triggers cellular responses and a temporally delayed “inhibition” that terminates the responses to reach adaptation. The inhibitory mechanism largely remains elusive, although many molecules of the excitatory signaling pathway have been identified. In the present study, we showed that GPCR-activated Ras negative regulator C2GAP1 locally inhibits Ras signaling for adaptation and long-range chemotaxis.
Scale-dependent climatic drivers of human epidemics in ancient China
Authors: Tian Huidong , Yan Chuan , Xu Lei , Büntgen Ulf , Stenseth Nils C. , Zhang Zhibin
Published: November 2017

Significance

The lack of available data, including written historical sources and natural proxy archives, has constrained us when disentangling the effects of climate change on the prevalence of infectious diseases. We first reconstructed human epidemics in China over the last two millennia and analyzed the impacts of climate change on the prevalence of human epidemics at various time scales. We show that long-term trends of cold and dry conditions indirectly facilitated the prevalence of epidemics through locusts and famines. Nevertheless, temperature showed unstable associations with epidemics on a small time scale. Our study highlights the urgent need to investigate scale-dependent impacts of climate change on the prevalence of diseases.
Blockade of activin type II receptors with a dual anti-ActRIIA/IIB antibody is critical to promote maximal skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Authors: Morvan Frederic , Rondeau Jean-Michel , Zou Chao , Minetti Giulia , Scheufler Clemens , Scharenberg Meike , Jacobi Carsten , Brebbia Pascale , Ritter Veronique , Toussaint Gauthier , Koelbing Claudia , Leber Xavier , Schilb Alain , Witte Florian , Lehmann Sylvie , Koch Elke , Geisse Sabine , Glass David J. , Lach-Trifilieff Estelle
Published: November 2017

Significance

We recently reported that activin type II receptors (ActRIIs) blockade using bimagrumab could positively impact muscle wasting in mice and humans. However, the specific role of each individual ActRII at regulating adult muscle mass had not been clarified. Here, we highlight the importance of concomitant neutralization of both ActRIIs in controlling muscle mass. Through comparison with single specificity antibodies, we uncover unique features related to bimagrumab and its neutralizing interactions with both ActRIIA and ActRIIB at the structural and cellular levels and in vivo in adult mice. The need for simultaneous engagement and neutralization of both ActRIIs to generate a strong skeletal muscle response confers unique therapeutic potential to bimagrumab, in the context of muscle wasting conditions.
Climate extremes and predicted warming threaten Mediterranean Holocene firs forests refugia
Authors: Sánchez-Salguero Raúl , Camarero J. Julio , Carrer Marco , Gutiérrez Emilia , Alla Arben Q. , Andreu-Hayles Laia , Hevia Andrea , Koutavas Athanasios , Martínez-Sancho Elisabet , Nola Paola , Papadopoulos Andreas , Pasho Edmond , Toromani Ervin , Carreira José A. , Linares Juan C.
Published: November 2017

Significance

Climate extremes are major drivers of long-term forest growth trends, but we still lack appropriate knowledge to anticipate their effects. Here, we apply a conceptual framework to assess the vulnerability of Circum-Mediterranean
Abies
refugia in response to climate warming, droughts, and heat waves. Using a tree-ring network and a process-based model, we assess the future vulnerability of Mediterranean
Abies
forests. Models anticipate abrupt growth reductions for the late 21st century when climatic conditions will be analogous to the most severe dry/heat spells causing forest die-off in the past decades. However, growth would increase in moist refugia. Circum-Mediterranean fir forests currently subjected to warm and dry conditions will be the most vulnerable according to the climate model predictions for the late 21st century.
Measuring emotional intelligence in Moroccan Arabic: the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale / Medidas de la inteligencia emocional en árabe marroquí: la escala de inteligencia emocional de Wong y Law
Authors: El Ghoudani Karima , Pulido-Martos Manuel , Lopez-Zafra Esther
Published: November 2017

Emotional intelligence is a widespread concept that has been analysed in different countries. However, it has been barely measured in African-Arab societies’ cultures due to their scarce tradition in validating instruments. In Morocco, the mere translation of instruments is a common practice that should be avoided to incorporate cultural and linguistic singularities. Thus, the aim of our study was to culturally adapt the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale to Morocco. This version could be widely used in other Arab North African countries and among immigrants in hosting countries. Two hundred and seventy-three Arab undergraduates (178 women and 95 men; age M = 22.17, SD = 4.09) from Morocco completed a questionnaire adapted to their culture following the back translation method. To determine construct validity, data were analysed by means of confirmatory factor analysis. The final scale resulted in a second-order factorial model with four first-order factors compounded by 16 items. This structure supports the original for Moroccan Arabic and other countries in which Arabic is spoken. Likewise, the results confirm an adequate criterion validity of the instrument.
Land Resilience and Tail Dependence among Crop Yield Distributions
Authors: Du Xiaodong , Hennessy David A. , Feng Hongli , Arora Gaurav
Published: November 2017

We propose and empirically test a simple model to shed light on the nature of interactions between weather, land quality, and yield. The conceptual model posits substitution relations between water stress metrics and soil quality, as well as a soil‐conditioned threshold water stress level beyond which soil cannot buffer crop yields. The model implies that yield‐yield dependence should vary as growing conditions vary. In comparison with intermediate growing conditions, yield‐yield dependence should strengthen when growing conditions are either very good or very poor. County yield data strongly support substitution between soil and benign water availability levels, but complementarity between soil and beneficial heat variables. Our estimated model provides qualified support for the hypothesis that better land is more resilient to water stress. We estimate a pseudo‐copula that nests the Gaussian copula, finding strong evidence of left tail dependence among yields. Our formal model and empirical findings corroborate others’ concerns about the appropriateness of current USDA rate‐setting methodologies, which posit constant state‐conditional rank correlations, implicitly assumed by use of the Gaussian copula. An application to aggregate crop yield rate setting suggests that current methods underprice area yield and whole farm premiums. Applying our empirical model to medium‐range weather projections under a climate change scenario for the Northern Great Plains, we infer that systemic yield correlations will increase in future years.
Canonical Heights and Preperiodic Points for Certain Weighted Homogeneous Families of Polynomials
Authors: Ingram Patrick
Published: November 2017

A family f of polynomials over a number field K will be called weighted homogeneous if and only if ft(z) = F(ze, t) for some binary homogeneous form F(X, Y) and some integer e ≥ 2. For example, the family zd + t is weighted homogeneous. We prove a lower bound on the canonical height, of the form \begin{align*} \hat{h}_{f_{t}}(z)\geq \varepsilon \max\!\left\{h_{\mathsf{M}_{d}}(f_{t}), \log|\operatorname{Norm}\mathfrak{R}_{f_{t}}|\right\},\end{align*} for values z ∈ K which are not preperiodic for ft. Here ε depends only on the number field K, the family f, and the number of places at which ft has bad reduction. For suitably generic morphisms $\varphi :\mathbb {P}^{1}\to \mathbb {P}^{1}$, we also prove an absolute bound of this form for t in the image of φ over K (assuming the abc Conjecture), as well as uniform bounds on the number of preperiodic points (unconditionally).
Extended Screening Costs Associated With Selecting Donors for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome-Associated Diseases
Authors: Craven Laura J , Nair Parvathy Seema , Tat-Ko Justin , Burton Jeremy P , Silverman Michael S
Published: November 2017

Background

Knowledge of the impact of the gut microbiome on conditions other than Clostridium difficile infection has been rapidly increasing, and the potential usefulness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in these indications is being explored. The need to exclude donors with an increased risk of these diseases has left uncertainties regarding the cost and feasibility of donor screening. The aim of this study was to compare our experience to other donor-screening programs and report the costs associated with establishing a donor-screening program, for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related conditions.

Methods

Forty-six potential donors (PDs) had their medical histories and physical examinations undertaken by a physician. Blood, stool, and urine were screened for 31 viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan agents in addition to biochemical characteristics. The price of advertising, doctor’s visits and diagnostic tests were calculated to determine the cost of finding a donor.

Results

Of the PDs screened, 5 of 46 passed the history, examination, blood, stool, and urine tests. The most common reasons for exclusion included a body mass index >25 or the detection of Blastocystis hominis, Dientamoeba fragilis, or Helicobacter pylori. Four of five eligible donors had subsequent travel or illness that contraindicated donation, so only 1 of 46 PDs was suitable. The total cost for finding a single suitable donor was $15190 US dollars. This screening was performed in Canada, and costs in the United States would be substantially higher.

Conclusions

New potential therapeutic uses for FMT have created a demand for stricter exclusion criteria for donors. This study illustrates that screening many individuals to find a donor and the subsequent associated costs may make central processing and shipment a more reasonable alternative.
Conserved RxLR Effectors From Oomycetes Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and Phytophthora sojae Suppress PAMP- and Effector-Triggered Immunity in Diverse Plants
Authors: Deb Devdutta , Anderson Ryan G. , How-Yew-Kin Theresa , Tyler Brett M. , McDowell John M.
Published: November 2017

Effector proteins are exported to the interior of host cells by diverse plant pathogens. Many oomycete pathogens maintain large families of candidate effector genes, encoding proteins with a secretory leader followed by an RxLR motif. Although most of these genes are very divergent between oomycete species, several genes are conserved between Phytophthora species and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, suggesting that they play important roles in pathogenicity. We describe a pair of conserved effector candidates, HaRxL23 and PsAvh73, from H. arabidopsidis and P. sojae respectively. We show that HaRxL23 is expressed early during infection of Arabidopsis. HaRxL23 triggers an ecotype-specific defense response in Arabidopsis, suggesting that it is recognized by a host surveillance protein. HaRxL23 and PsAvh73 can suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) in Nicotiana benthamiana and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in soybean. Transgenic Arabidopsis constitutively expressing HaRxL23 or PsAvh73 exhibit suppression of PTI and enhancement of bacterial and oomycete virulence. Together, our experiments demonstrate that these conserved oomycete RxLR effectors suppress PTI and ETI across diverse plant species.
Survival Outcomes Following the Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Rescue Technology in Critically Ill Patients: Results From Pennsylvania 2007–2015
Authors: Huesch Marco D. , Foy Andrew , Brehm Christoph
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To examine real-world outcomes of survival, length of stay, and discharge destination, among all adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation admissions in one state over nearly a decade.

Design:

Retrospective analysis of administrative discharge data.

Setting:

State-wide administrative discharge data from Pennsylvania between 2007 and 2015.

Patients:

All 2,948 consecutive patients billed under a Diagnosis-Related Grouper 3 grouper and in whom a procedural code for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was present, admitted between the beginning of 2007 and the end of 2015 to hospitals regulated by the state of Pennsylvania. Admitting diagnoses were coded as respiratory, cardiac, cardiac arrest, or uncategorized based on administrative data.

Measurements and Main Results:

Unadjusted in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and discharge destination. Summary statistics and tests of differences by age 65 years or older and by admitting diagnosis were performed. Outcomes by age were plotted using running-mean smoothed graphs. Over the 9-year period, the average observed death rate was 51.7%. Among all survivors, 14.6% went home to self-care and a further 15.2% to home health care. Of all survivors, 43.8% were readmitted within 1 month, and 60.6% within 1 year. Among elderly survivors, readmission rates were 52.3% and 65.5% within 1 month and 1 year, respectively. The likelihood of dying in-hospital increased with age that of being discharged home or to postacute care decreased.

Conclusions:

In a “usual clinical practice” setting, short-term outcomes are similar to those observed in clinical trials such as Conventional Ventilation or ECMO for Severe Adult Respiratory Failure, in registries such as extracorporeal life support organization, and in smaller single-site studies. More data on longer term follow-up are needed to allow clinicians to better inform patient selection and care.
Predictors, Prevalence, and Outcomes of Early Crystalloid Responsiveness Among Initially Hypotensive Patients With Sepsis and Septic Shock*
Authors: Leisman Daniel E. , Doerfler Martin E. , Schneider Sandra M. , Masick Kevin D. , D’Amore Jason A. , D’Angelo John K.
Published: November 2017

Objectives:

The prevalence of responsiveness to initial fluid challenge among hypotensive sepsis patients is unclear. To avoid fluid overload, and unnecessary treatment, it is important to differentiate these phenotypes. We aimed to 1) determine the proportion of hypotensive sepsis patients sustaining favorable hemodynamic response after initial fluid challenge, 2) determine demographic and clinical risk factors that predicted refractory hypotension, and 3) assess the association between timeliness of fluid resuscitation and refractoriness.

Design:

Secondary analysis of a prospective, multisite, observational, consecutive-sample cohort.

Setting:

Nine tertiary and community hospitals over 1.5 years.

Patients:

Inclusion criteria 1) suspected or confirmed infection, 2) greater than or equal to two systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, 3) systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg, greater than 40% decrease from baseline, or mean arterial pressure less than 65 mm Hg.

Measurements and Main Results:

Sex, age, heart failure, renal failure, immunocompromise, source of infection, initial lactate, coagulopathy, temperature, altered mentation, altered gas exchange, and acute kidney injury were used to generate a risk score. The primary outcome was sustained normotension after fluid challenge without vasopressor titration. Among 3,686 patients, 2,350 (64%) were fluid responsive. Six candidate risk factors significantly predicted refractoriness in multivariable analysis: heart failure (odds ratio, 1.43; CI, 1.20–1.72), hypothermia (odds ratio, 1.37; 1.10–1.69), altered gas exchange (odds ratio, 1.33; 1.12–1.57), initial lactate greater than or equal to 4.0 mmol/L (odds ratio, 1.28; 1.08–1.52), immunocompromise (odds ratio, 1.23; 1.03–1.47), and coagulopathy (odds ratio, 1.23; 1.03–1.48). High-risk patients (≥ three risk factors) had 70% higher (CI, 48–96%) refractory risk (19% higher absolute risk; CI, 14–25%) versus low-risk (zero risk factors) patients. Initiating fluids in greater than 2 hours also predicted refractoriness (odds ratio, 1.96; CI, 1.49–2.58). Mortality was 15% higher (CI, 10-18%) for refractory patients.

Conclusions:

Two in three hypotensive sepsis patients were responsive to initial fluid resuscitation. Heart failure, hypothermia, immunocompromise, hyperlactemia, and coagulopathy were associated with the refractory phenotype. Fluid resuscitation initiated after the initial 2 hours more strongly predicted refractoriness than any patient factor tested.
The detection of interval colorectal cancers following screening by fecal immunochemical test may predict worse outcomes and prompt ethical concerns: a 6-year population-based cohort study in a full district
Authors: Asteria Corrado R. , Lucchini Giuseppe , Guarda Linda , Ricci Paolo , Pagani Mauro , Boccia Luigi
Published: November 2017

The rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) interval surveyed in screen-detected patients using a fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are not negligible. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of interval cancer on outcomes compared with a population with cancer diagnosed after a positive test result. All patients between 50 and 71 years of age, who were residents of the Mantua district, affected by CRC and operated on from 2005 to 2010 were reviewed. Other than patient-related, disease-related, and treatment-related factors and tumor location, this population was differentiated as either participating or not to screening and then into populations developing interval cancer after a negative FIT result. Mortality was investigated by univariate analysis and by overall survival rates. The mean age of the 975 patients enrolled was 62 years (61.7% males). Most patients (n=575, 59%) were not screen detected, and 400 (41%) were screen detected. Fifty-six (5.7%) patients in the latter group, representing 14% of the participants, developed interval cancer after a negative FIT result. Their cancer was mostly localized in the right colon (41.1%) instead of the left colon and rectum (P=0.02). They also showed higher stages (P=0.001), a moderate degree of differentiation (P=0.001), and overall higher mortality rates than patients with cancer diagnosed after a positive test result (P=0.001). The effect of interval CRC after screening with FIT resulted in worse outcomes compared with the FIT-positive group. With such findings, patients who had negative results for FIT should be informed of the risk of developing cancer within the rounds of screening to independently gain educational skills in the area of health prevention.
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Polymer Gels for Determining Electron Dose Distributions in the Presence of Small Heterogeneities
Authors: Asl R. Ghahraman , Nedaie H.A. , Banaee N.
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study is to evaluate the application and accuracy of polymer gels for determining electron dose distributions in the presence of small heterogeneities made of bone and air. Different cylindrical phantoms containing MAGIC (Methacrylic and Ascorbic acid in Gelatin Initiated by Copper) normoxic polymer gel were used under the slab phantoms during irradiation. MR images of the irradiated gel phantoms were obtained to determine their R2 (spin-spin) relaxation maps for conversion to absorbed dose. One- and 2-dimensional lateral dose profiles were acquired at depths of 1 and 4 cm for 8 and 15 MeV electron beams. The results were compared with the doses measured by a diode detector at the same positions. In addition, the dose distribution in the axial orientation was measured by the gel dosimeter. The slope and intercept for the R2 versus dose curve were 0.509 ± 0.002 Gy−1 s−1 and 4.581 ± 0.005 s−1, respectively. No significant variation in dose-R2 response was seen for the two electron energies within the applied dose ranges. The mean dose difference between the measured gel dose profiles was smaller than 3% compared to those measured by the diode detector. These results provide further demonstration that electron dose distributions are significantly altered in the presence of tissue inhomogeneities such as bone and air cavity and that MAGIC gel is a useful tool for 3-dimensional dose visualization and qualitative assessment of tissue inhomogeneity effects in electron beam dosimetry.
TLR4 deficiency abrogated widespread tactile allodynia, but not widespread thermal hyperalgesia and trigeminal neuropathic pain after partial infraorbital nerve transection
Authors: Hu Ting-Ting , Wang Ran-Ran , Tang Ying-Ying , Wu Yu-Xing , Yu Jie , Hou Wei-Wei , Lou Guo-Dong , Zhou Yu-Dong , Zhang Shi-Hong , Chen Zhong
Published: November 2017

Pain sensitization after partial infraorbital nerve transection (p-IONX) in mice not only presents in orofacial region, but also spreads to distant body parts. The roles of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in orofacial pain and the spreading process are still unclear. Here, we found that mice with deficient TLR4 because of Tr4 gene point mutation (C3H/HeJ) or spontaneous deletion (C57BL/10ScNJ) developed tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in the vibrissal pad in a parallel way to their respective wild types (C3HeB/FeJ or C57BL/6J) after p-IONX. However, allodynia in the hind paw was absent in mice with TLR4 deficiency. Pharmacological antagonism of TLR4 with LPS-RS, administered either intracisternally or intrathecally, abrogated allodynia in the hind paw without affecting the hypersensitivity in the vibrissal pad and hyperalgesia in the hind paw. Although TNF-α expression was upregulated in both the medulla and lumbar cord, the expression of TLR4 downstream molecule MyD88 increased only in the lumbar cord after p-IONX in wild types. By contrast, hind paw hypersensitivity after partial sciatic nerve ligation was significantly attenuated by TLR4 deletion. The hypersensitivity, which did not spread to the vibrissal pad, was accompanied with upregulation of MyD88 in the lumbar cord rather than in the medulla. These results suggest that TLR4 participates in the spread of allodynia component of orofacial pain to distant body sites, but not trigeminal neuropathic pain or the spread of its hyperalgesia component. This study suggests that TLR4 may serve as a potential target for the management of widespread allodynia associated with orofacial pain.
Compassion Practices, Nurse Well-Being, and Ambulatory Patient Experience Ratings
Authors: McClelland Laura E. , Gabriel Allison S. , DePuccio Matthew J.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Compassion practices both recognize and reward compassion in the workplace as well as provide compassionate support to health care employees. However, these practices represent an underexplored organizational tool that may aid clinician well-being and positively impact patient ambulatory care experiences.

Objective:

To examine the relationship between compassion practices and nursing staff well-being and clinic-level patients’ experience ratings in the ambulatory clinic setting.

Research Design:

Surveys were collected from ambulatory nurses in January and February of 2015 in 30 ambulatory clinics affiliated with an academic medical center. Patient experience ratings were collected April to June of 2015.

Subjects:

One hundred seventy-seven ambulatory nurses (Registered Nurses, LPNs, medical assistants), as well as 3525 adult patients from the ambulatory clinics.

Measures:

Ambulatory nurses assessed compassion practices, emotional exhaustion, and psychological vitality. Patient experience ratings were patient perceptions of courtesy and caring shown by nurses and patients’ ratings of the outpatient services.

Results:

Compassion practices are significantly and negatively associated with nurse emotional exhaustion and positively associated with nurse psychological vitality. At the clinic-level, compassion practices are significantly and positively associated with patient perceptions of caring shown by nurses and overall patient ratings of the outpatient clinic. Supplemental analyses provide preliminary evidence that nurse well-being mediates the relationship between compassion practices and patient ratings of their care experience.

Conclusions:

Our findings illustrate that compassion practices are positively associated with nurse well-being and patient perceptions of the care experience in outpatient clinics.