bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effect of macro-scale estimators on worldwide COVID-19 occurrence and mortality through regression analysis using online country-based data sources
Authors: Erdem Sabri , Ipek Fulya , Bars Aybars , Genç Volkan , Erpek Esra , Mohammadi Shabnam , Altınata Anıl , Akar Servet
Published: February 2022

Objective

To investigate macro-scale estimators of the variations in COVID-19 cases and deaths among countries.

Design

Epidemiological study.

Setting

Country-based data from publicly available online databases of international organisations.

Participants

The study involved 170 countries/territories, each of which had complete COVID-19 and tuberculosis data, as well as specific health-related estimators (obesity, hypertension, diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The worldwide heterogeneity of the total number of COVID-19 cases and deaths per million on 31 December 2020 was analysed by 17 macro-scale estimators around the health-related, socioeconomic, climatic and political factors. In 139 of 170 nations, the best subsets regression was used to investigate all potential models of COVID-19 variations among countries. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the predictive capacity of these variables. The same analysis was applied to the number of deaths per hundred thousand due to tuberculosis, a quite different infectious disease, to validate and control the differences with the proposed models for COVID-19.

Results

In the model for the COVID-19 cases (R2=0.45), obesity (β=0.460), hypertension (β=0.214), sunshine (β=−0.157) and transparency (β=0.147); whereas in the model for COVID-19 deaths (R2=0.41), obesity (β=0.279), hypertension (β=0.285), alcohol consumption (β=0.173) and urbanisation (β=0.204) were significant factors (p<0.05). Unlike COVID-19, the tuberculosis model contained significant indicators like obesity, undernourishment, air pollution, age, schooling, democracy and Gini Inequality Index.

Conclusions

This study recommends the new predictors explaining the global variability of COVID-19. Thus, it might assist policymakers in developing health policies and social strategies to deal with COVID-19.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT04486508).
South Australian prospective cohort study evaluating outcomes of maternal kidney and cardiac disease in pregnancy: a protocol
Authors: Hopkins Jarrad , Hewawasam Erandi , Aldridge Emily , Andraweera Prabha , Jesudason Shilpanjali , Arstall Margaret
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiac disease are two significant health conditions that can impact a women’s pregnancy; however, little is known about their prevalence and health impact within the population. These pregnancies are associated with significant risks of morbidity and mortality and propose a challenge to clinicians. The aim of this longitudinal cohort study is to prospectively record the incidence, prevalence, aetiology, outcomes and follow-up of maternal CKD and cardiac disease in the obstetric population of South Australia.

Methods and analysis

This study is a state-wide multicentre prospective cohort study in South Australia that will begin recruitment in 2022 and is planned for at least 5 years. Pregnant women with chronic or acquired kidney or cardiac disease will be enrolled across the state’s major public obstetric hospitals. The data collected will focus on the chronic disease aetiology, peripartum interventions, delivery, obstetric and neonatal outcomes, progression of underlying disease and patient-related outcome measures. Women will have data collected each trimester during pregnancy and then at follow-up 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post partum. Clear inclusion and exclusion criteria have been developed which importantly includes new diagnosis of chronic disease in pregnancy.

Ethics and dissemination

Approval was obtained from the local Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee. Summary data will be reviewed and reported in accordance with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology criteria 6 monthly and results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. Findings will be presented to relevant local clinicians and hospitals at regular intervals. Consumer versions of research outputs will be developed in conjunction with the consumer reference group.
Recruitment, consent and retention of participants in randomised controlled trials: a review of trials published in the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Journals Library (1997–2020)
Authors: Jacques Richard M , Ahmed Rashida , Harper James , Ranjan Adya , Saeed Isra , Simpson Rebecca M , Walters Stephen J
Published: February 2022

Objectives

To review the consent, recruitment and retention rates for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) funded by the UK’s National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and published in the online NIHR Journals Library between January 1997 and December 2020.

Design

Comprehensive review.

Setting

RCTs funded by the NIHR and published in the NIHR Journals Library.

Data extraction

Information relating to the trial characteristics, sample size, recruitment and retention.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The primary outcome was the recruitment rate (number of participants recruited per centre per month). Secondary outcomes were the target sample size and whether it was achieved; consent rates (percentage of eligible participants who consented and were randomised) and retention rates (percentage of randomised participants retained and assessed with valid primary outcome data).

Results

This review identified 388 individual RCTs from 379 reports in the NIHR Journals Library. The final recruitment target sample size was achieved in 63% (245/388) of the RCTs. The original recruitment target was revised in 30% (118/388) of trials (downwards in 67% (79/118)). The median recruitment rate (participants per centre per month) was found to be 0.95 (IQR: 0.42–2.60); the median consent rate was 72% (IQR: 50%–88%) and the median retention rate was estimated at 88% (IQR: 80%–97%).

Conclusions

There is considerable variation in the consent, recruitment and retention rates in publicly funded RCTs. Although the majority of (6 out of 10) trials in this review achieved their final target sample; 3 out of 10 trials revised their original target sample size (downwards in 7 out of 10 trials). Investigators should bear this in mind at the planning stage of their study and not be overly optimistic about their recruitment projections.
Multicentre observational status-epilepticus registry: protocol for ICTAL
Authors: Jacq Gwenaelle , Chelly Jonathan , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Soulier Pauline , Lesieur Olivier , Beuret Pascal , Holleville Mathilde , Bruel Cedric , Bailly Pierre , Sauneuf Bertrand , Sejourne Caroline , Rigaud Jean Philippe , Galbois Arnaud , Arrayago Marine , Plantefeve Gaetan , Stoclin Annabelle , Schnell David , Fontaine Candice , Perier François , Bougouin Wulfran , Pichon Nicolas , Mongardon Nicolas , Ledoux Didier , Lascarrou Jean-Baptiste , Legriel Stephane
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Status epilepticus (SE) is a common life-threatening neurological emergency that can cause long-term impairments. Overall outcomes remain poor. Major efforts are required to clarify the epidemiology of SE and the determinants of outcomes, thereby identifying targets for improved management.

Methods and analysis

ICTAL Registry is a multicentre open cohort of critically ill patients with convulsive, non-convulsive or psychogenic non-epileptic SE. Observational methods are applied to collect uniform data. The goal of the ICTAL Registry is to collect high-quality information on a large number of patients, thereby allowing elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in mortality and morbidity. The registry structure is modular, with a large core data set and the opportunity for research teams to create satellite data sets for observational or interventional studies (eg, cohort multiple randomised controlled trials, cross-sectional studies and short-term and long-term longitudinal outcome studies). The availability of core data will hasten patient recruitment to studies, while also decreasing costs. Importantly, the vast amount of data from a large number of patients will allow valid subgroup analyses, which are expected to identify patient populations requiring specific treatment strategies. The results of the studies will have a broad spectrum of application, particularly given the multidisciplinary approach used by the IctalGroup research network.

Ethics and dissemination

The ICTAL Registry protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the French Intensive Care Society (#CE_SRLF 19-68 and 19-68a). Patients or their relatives/proxies received written information to the use of the retrospectively collected and pseudonymised data, in compliance with French law. Prospectively included patients receive written consent form as soon as they recover decision-making competency; if they refuse consent, they are excluded from the registry. Data from the registry will be disseminated via conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.

Trial registration number

NCT03457831.
Golden opportunity for intervention? Identifying vitamin D deficiency in patients with substance use disorders in hospital
Authors: Smith E Naomi , Gee Siobhan , O’Brien Gerri , Vicente Pitchy-Ann , Griffith Rosemary , Patel Rina , Stapleton Joshua , Finch Emily , Shah Naina , Gaughran Fiona , Taylor David , Strang John , Kalk Nicola J
Published: February 2022

Setting

Based at a busy city hospital, the alcohol care team is a drug and alcohol specialist service, taking referrals for a wide range of patients with substance use disorders (SUD).

Objectives

Patients with SUD are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency; this relates to frequent fractures and proximal myopathy. The coronavirus pandemic brought vitamin D into focus. Local guidelines advise that patients at high risk of vitamin D deficiency are offered replacement. There were no local data on vitamin D deficiency prevalence or any mention of patients with SUD in local vitamin D guidelines. The main aim of this project was to offer vitamin D checks and replacement to all appropriate patients.

Results

We collected data on 207 patients, [pilot study (n=50) and two subsequent samples (n=95 and n=62)]. Our pilot study showed that no patients were offered vitamin D testing or replacement. We then offered vitamin D checks to 95 patients. Most had low vitamin D (30 patients were vitamin D deficient and 26 were vitamin D insufficient). We provided vitamin D replacement and follow-up advice. Quality improvement was demonstrated 6 months later. We collected data on a further 62 patients who were all on our current or recent caseload. Following exclusions, nearly half (48%) of patients had had a vitamin D check. Almost all of these (95%) had low vitamin D (60% being classified as deficient).

Conclusions

Patients had not been offered vitamin D replacement despite often having multiple risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D checks (and subsequent replacement) rose in frequency since the outset of this project. Local guidelines should add SUD as a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. Hospital admission provides a rich opportunity to offer this simple intervention to patients who are often poorly engaged with community services.
Quality of clinical practice guidelines and recommendations for the management of pain, sedation, delirium and iatrogenic withdrawal in pediatric intensive care: a systematic review protocol
Authors: MacDonald Ibo , Perez Marie-Hélène , Amiet Vivianne , Trombert Alexia , Ramelet Anne-Sylvie
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Inadequate management of pain and sedation in critically ill children can cause unnecessary suffering and agitation, but also delirium and iatrogenic withdrawal. It is, therefore, important to address these four interrelated conditions together. Some clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are available for the management of pain and sedation, and a few for delirium and iatrogenic withdrawal in the paediatric intensive care unit; none address the four conditions altogether. Critical appraisal of the quality of CPGs is necessary for their recommendations to be adopted into clinical practice. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and appraise the quality of CPGs and recommendations for management of either pain, sedation, delirium and iatrogenic withdrawal.

Methods and analysis

Researchers will conduct a systematic review in electronic databases (Medline ALL (Ovid), Embase.com, CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCO), JBI EBP Database (Ovid)), guideline repositories and websites of professional societies to identify CPGs published from 2010 to date. They will then combine index and free terms describing CPGs with pain, sedation, delirium and withdrawal. The researchers will include CPGs if they can be applied in the paediatric intensive care population (newborns to 18 years old) and include recommendation(s) for assessment of at least one of the four conditions. Two independent reviewers will screen for eligibility, complete data extraction and quality assessments using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II and the AGREE Recommendation Excellence instruments. Researchers will report characteristics, content and recommendations from CPGs in tabulated forms.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this systematic review. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021274364.
Irregular pulsation of aneurysmal wall is associated with symptomatic and ruptured intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Jianjian , Li Xiao , Zhao Bing , Zhang Jin , Sun Beibei , Wang Lingling , Tian Jiaqi , Mossa-Basha Mahmud , Kim Louis J , Yan Jing , Wan Jieqing , Xu Jianrong , Zhou Yan , Zhao Huilin , Zhu Chengcheng
Published: February 2022

Background

Irregular pulsation of aneurysmal wall detected by four-dimensional CT angiography (4D-CTA) has been described as a novel imaging feature of aneurysm vulnerability. Our study aimed to investigate whether irregular pulsation is associated with symptomatic and ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs).

Methods

This retrospective study included consecutive patients with IAs who underwent 4D-CTA from January 2018 to July 2021. IAs were categorized as asymptomatic, symptomatic or ruptured. The presence of irregular pulsation (defined as a temporary focal protuberance ≥1 mm on more than three successive frames) was identified on 4D-CTA movies. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the parameters associated with aneurysm symptomatic or ruptured status.

Results

Overall, 305 patients with 328 aneurysms (37 ruptured, 60 symptomatic, 231 asymptomatic) were included. Ruptured and symptomatic IAs were significantly larger in size compared with asymptomatic IAs (median (IQR) 6.5 (5.1–8.3) mm, 7.0 (5.5–9.7) mm vs 4.7 (3.8–6.3) mm, p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) and had more irregular pulsations (70.3%, 78.3% vs 28.1%, p<0.05). Irregular pulsation (OR 5.03, 95% CI 2.83 to 8.92; p<0.001) was independently associated with aneurysm symptomatic/ruptured status in the whole population. With unruptured IAs, both irregular pulsation (OR 6.31, 95% CI 3.02 to 13.20; p<0.001) and size (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.32; p=0.015) were independently associated with the symptoms. The combination of irregular pulsation and size increased the accuracy over size alone in identifying symptomatic aneurysms (AUC 0.81 vs 0.77, p=0.007) in unruptured IAs.

Conclusion

In a large cohort of patients with IAs detected by 4D-CTA, the presence of irregular pulsation was independently associated with aneurysm symptomatic and ruptured status.
Radial artery diameter: a comprehensive systematic review of anatomy
Authors: Wahood Waseem , Ghozy Sherief , Al-Abdulghani Abdulaziz , Kallmes David F
Published: February 2022

Aims

The objective of this systematic review is to determine with the highest accuracy the average radial artery (RA) diameter overall and in certain subgroups. The aim of this study is to provide assistance in the development of fitting transradial devices, an increasingly popular intervention.

Methods

Several databases were used to extract appropriate studies highlighting RA diameter. Databases used in the generation of this study were Ovid EBM Reviews, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, Scopus and Web of Science Core Collection. RA diameter was determined overall, in males versus females, adults only, adults+children, in the presence of comorbidities, and finally RA diameter in the context of various vasodilators.

Results

A total of 71 studies were included. The average RA diameter overall was determined to be 2.62±0.15 mm in children+adults and 2.70±0.15 mm in adults only. In comparison to an RA diameter of 2.68±0.24 mm in adult males, the diameter was found to be 2.27±0.27 mm in adult females (p=0.028). As for comorbidities, the mean RA diameter in adult patients with hypertension and congestive heart failure was 2.72±0.37 mm and 2.80±0.25 mm, respectively. Finally, the mean RA diameter with nitrate and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use was 2.97±0.53 mm and 2.82±0.29 mm respectively. For comparison, the average outer diameter of a 5 French introducer sheath is 2.29 mm and a 6 French introducer sheath is 2.62 mm.

Conclusions

The findings presented in this study will help determine the most appropriate transradial device to use in several different populations in the context of vasodilator usage or the absence thereof.
Copper chelation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Reid Anna , Miller Christopher , Farrant John Peter , Polturi Rahul , Clark David , Ray Simon , Cooper Garth , Schmitt Matthias
Published: February 2022

Background

Disturbances of copper (Cu) homeostasis can lead to hypertrophic cardiac phenotypes (eg, Wilson’s disease). We previously identified abnormal Cu homeostasis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and, therefore, hypothesised that Cu2+–selective chelation with trientine dihydrochloride may slow or reverse disease progression in HCM. The aim of this study was, therefore to explore the clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of trientine in HCM.

Methods

In this medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency (MHRA) registered open-label pilot study, we treated 20 HCM patients with trientine for 6 months. Patients underwent a comprehensive assessment schedule including separate cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and CMR31P-spectroscopy at baseline and end of therapy. Predefined end points included changes in left ventricular mass (LVM), markers of LV fibrosis, markers of LV performance and myocardial energetics. Ten matched patients with HCM were studied as controls.

Results

Trientine treatment was safe and tolerated. Trientine caused a substantial increase in urinary copper excretion (0.42±0.2 vs 2.02±1.0, p=0.001) without affecting serum copper concentrations. Treatment was associated with significant improvements in total atrial strain and global longitudinal LV strain using both Echo and CMR. LVM decreased significantly in the treatment arm compared with the control group (−4.2 g v 1.8 g, p=0.03). A strong trend towards an absolute decrease in LVM was observed in the treatment group (p=0.06). These changes were associated with a significant change in total myocardial volume driven by a significant reduction in extracellular matrix (ECM) volume (43.83±18.42 mL vs 41.49±16.89 mL, p=0.04) as opposed to pure cellular mass reduction and occurred against a background of significant ECM volume increase in the control group (44.59±16.50 mL vs 47.48±19.30 mL, p=0.02). A non-significant 10% increase in myocardial phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratio with trientine therapy (1.27±0.44 vs 1.4±0.39) was noted.

Conclusions

Cu2+–selective chelation with trientine in a controlled environment is safe and a potential future therapeutic target. A phase 2b trial is now underway.
BRD4 promotes the migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells through the Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and enhances cisplatin resistance
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Zhang Ze , Wang Chong , Huang Houbao , Li Yawei
Published: February 2022

Platinum-based chemotherapy is a widely used strategy for bladder cancer (BCa) treatment. However, its clinical efficacy is affected by chemotherapy resistance via complex molecular mechanisms. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new targets for BCa therapy. Here, we showed that bromodomain-4 protein (BRD4) expression is upregulated in BCa tissues and cells. Inhibition of BRD4 attenuated the migration and invasion of BCa cells, which was rescued by the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway activator recombinant human Sonic hedgehog peptide (rhSHH). We further found that cisplatin (DDP) suppressed the migration and invasion of BCa cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. However, overexpression of BRD4 weakened the pharmacological effects of DDP. In brief, our research revealed that BRD4 promotes migration and invasion by positively regulating the SHH pathway, drives DDP resistance in BCa, and is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of BCa.
A goal programming model for the optimization of log logistics considering sorting decisions and social objective
Authors: Ghotb Salar , Sowlati Taraneh , Mortyn Joel , Roeser Dominik , Griess Verena C.
Published: February 2022

Log logistics include sorting, processing, and transporting of logs from their place of harvest to demand locations. These activities account for a significant portion of the total log procurement costs; therefore, attempts were made in previous studies to optimize some aspects of log logistics. However, operational details, such as sorting decisions, truck compatibility requirements, and social objectives, are often disregarded in the optimization literature. Incorporating these details into the model makes the results more realistic and applicable. To address these gaps, a bi-objective mixed-integer programming model is developed in this paper to optimize log logistics. The first objective is to minimize total logistics costs, and the second objective is to provide a balanced workload for trucking contractors. The bi-objective model is solved using the goal programming approach. The model is applied to log logistics of a large Canadian forest company, where trucking contractors use heterogeneous fleet of trucks to carry various log sorts from cutblocks to sort yards for sorting. The planning horizon is 4 weeks with daily decisions. The goal programming model generates balanced workloads for the contractors with less than 0.4% increase in total costs compared to the single objective model where only the total cost is minimized.
Effective one-electron approach to proton collisions with molecular hydrogen
Authors: Plowman Corey T. , Abdurakhmanov Ilkhom B. , Bray Igor , Kadyrov Alisher S.
Published: February 2022

The two-centre wave-packet convergent close-coupling approach to ion–atom collisions is extended to study proton collisions with molecular hydrogen including electron-capture channels. We use a model potential to represent the molecular target as an effective one-electron spherically symmetric system. This greatly simplifies the target structure, allowing us to use already existing code developed for ion collisions with single-electron targets. Calculated total cross sections for electron capture, single ionisation, and excitation processes generally agree well with experimental data and other theoretical calculations where available. However, the total electron capture cross section is found to overestimate the experimental data at low energies, while the total ionisation cross section is slightly underestimated. Additionally, we present state-resolved cross sections for capture into the 1s, 2$$\ell $$ℓ, and 3$$\ell $$ℓstates of the projectile where deviation between various previous calculations is substantial. Our results lead to overall improvement over previous theoretical studies although discrepancies with experiment are observed for 3p and 3d capture. We conclude that treating molecular hydrogen as an effective one-electron system within the two-centre coupled-channel approach to one-electron targets can give reasonably accurate total cross sections at intermediate and high energies, without the need for a complex and computationally demanding two-electron target representation.
Deep Learning CNN Framework for Detection and Classification of Internet Worms
Authors: Venkata Rao Mundlamuri , Midhunchakkaravarthy Divya , Dandu Sujatha
Published: February 2022

A worm is a standalone program, which is self-replicating malware that distributes itself to other computers and networks. An Internet worm can spread across the network and infect millions of computers in truly little time and the damages caused from such attacks are considered extremely high. In addition, these worms also affect the network packet and its performance, where the packets are analyzed by the signature-based intrusion detection system (IDS) and the network performance is analyzed by the NetFlow based IDS. Hence, this article proposes a joint detection of both the signature based and NetFlow based Internet worms using deep learning convolution neural network (DLCNN) with respect to various attacks and it can also prevent the suspicious actions of attackers (cyber-criminals). Additionally, it provides the security for users’ data maintenance, countermeasures, and controls the spreading of the internet worms. The effectiveness of proposed DLCNN model is evaluated using both packet capture (PCAP) and KDD-CUP-99 datasets. Finally, various quality metrics are employed to disclose the superiority of proposed DLCNN model as compared existing machine learning, and back propagated neural network models.
Solving Robust Production Planning Problem with Interval Budgeted Uncertainty in Cumulative Demands
Authors: Kasperski Adam , Zieliński Paweł
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a production planning problem with inventory and backordering levels is discussed. It is assumed that cumulative demands in periods are uncertain and an interval uncertainty representation with continuous budget is used to model this uncertainty. The robust minmax criterion is applied to compute an optimal production plan. A row and column generation algorithm is constructed for solving the problem. Results of some computational tests are shown which demonstrate that the algorithm is efficient for the instances with up to 100 periods and returns solutions that are robust against the uncertainty in demands.
A Systematic Review on Osmotic Computing
Authors: Neha Benazir , Panda Sanjaya Kumar , Sahu Pradip Kumar , Sahoo Kshira Sagar , Gandomi Amir H.
Published: February 2022

Osmotic computing in association with related computing paradigms (cloud, fog, and edge) emerges as a promising solution for handling bulk of security-critical as well as latency-sensitive data generated by the digital devices. It is a growing research domain that studies deployment, migration, and optimization of applications in the form of microservices across cloud/edge infrastructure. It presents dynamically tailored microservices in technology-centric environments by exploiting edge and cloud platforms. Osmotic computing promotes digital transformation and furnishes benefits to transportation, smart cities, education, and healthcare. In this article, we present a comprehensive analysis of osmotic computing through a systematic literature review approach. To ensure high-quality review, we conduct an advanced search on numerous digital libraries to extracting related studies. The advanced search strategy identifies 99 studies, from which 29 relevant studies are selected for a thorough review. We present a summary of applications in osmotic computing build on their key features. On the basis of the observations, we outline the research challenges for the applications in this research field. Finally, we discuss the security issues resolved and unresolved in osmotic computing.
A Computer Science Perspective on Digital Transformation in Production
Authors: Brauner Philipp , Dalibor Manuela , Jarke Matthias , Kunze Ike , Koren István , Lakemeyer Gerhard , Liebenberg Martin , Michael Judith , Pennekamp Jan , Quix Christoph , Rumpe Bernhard , van der Aalst Wil , Wehrle Klaus , Wortmann Andreas , Ziefle Martina
Published: February 2022

The Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) promises significant improvements for the manufacturing industry by facilitating the integration of manufacturing systems by Digital Twins. However, ecological and economic demands also require a cross-domain linkage of multiple scientific perspectives from material sciences, engineering, operations, business, and ergonomics, as optimization opportunities can be derived from any of these perspectives. To extend the IIoT to a trueInternet of Production, two concepts are required: first, a complex, interrelated network of Digital Shadows which combine domain-specific models with data-driven AI methods; and second, the integration of a large number of research labs, engineering, and production sites as a World Wide Lab which offers controlled exchange of selected, innovation-relevant data even across company boundaries. In this article, we define the underlying Computer Science challenges implied by these novel concepts in four layers:Smart human interfacesprovide access to information that has been generated bymodel-integrated AI. Given the large variety of manufacturing data, newdata modelingtechniques should enable efficient management of Digital Shadows, which is supported by aninterconnected infrastructure. Based on a detailed analysis of these challenges, we derive a systematized research roadmap to make the vision of the Internet of Production a reality.
Domain Adaptation with Representation Learning and Nonlinear Relation for Time Series
Authors: Hussein Amir , Hajj Hazem
Published: February 2022

In many real-world scenarios, machine learning models fall short in prediction performance due to data characteristics changing from training on one source domain to testing on a target domain. There has been extensive research to address this problem with
Domain Adaptation (DA)
for learning domain invariant features. However, when considering advances for time series, those methods remain limited to the use of
hard parameter sharing (HPS)
between source and target models, and the use of domain adaptation objective function. To address these challenges, we propose a
soft parameter sharing (SPS)
DA architecture with representation learning while modeling the relation as non-linear between parameters of source and target models and modeling the adaptation loss function as the squared
Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD)
. The proposed architecture advances the state-of-the-art for time series in the context of activity recognition and in fields with other modalities, where SPS has been limited to a linear relation. An additional contribution of our work is to provide a study that demonstrates the strengths and limitations of HPS versus SPS. Experiment results showed the success of the method in three domain adaptation cases of multivariate time series activity recognition with different users and sensors.
Theoretical Assessment of Impacts of Energy Band Valley Occupation on Diffusion Coefficient of Nano-Scale Ge Wires
Authors: Omura Yasuhisa
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this paper is to theoretically predict the significant impacts of valley occupation on the overall diffusion coefficient of Ge nanowires physically confined by various surfaces. This paper derives an approximate analytical expression of the diffusion coefficient that exists around room temperature. In Ge wires physically confined by {100} surfaces, the overall diffusion coefficient is, around room temperature, almost constant for wire widths larger than 10 nm. However, a step-like decrease is found for wire widths smaller than 7 nm. This behavior of the overall diffusion coefficient stems from the fall in the L-valley component of diffusion coefficient and the rise of X-valley component of diffusion coefficient for wire widths smaller than 10 nm. The behavior of diffusion coefficient of wires physically confined by {111} surfaces is also investigated around room temperature. The overall diffusion coefficient is almost the same as the diffusion coefficient component of X valley because electrons primarily occupy X valleys. It is clearly revealed that the behavior of the diffusion coefficient is primarily ruled by the valley occupation fraction of electrons in Ge wires. These dominant features of the diffusion coefficient of Ge wires are quite different from those of Si wires. Simulation results are assessed in comparisons with past experimental results and past calculation results. Finally, additional consideration is given from the viewpoint of device applications.
Tooth Loss and the Incidence of Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guo Tong , Wang Yufen , Jiang Qiuming
Published: February 2022

Generally, as the population is aging, ischemic stroke is imposing rising social and economic burdens. On that basis, the early intervention and prevention of ischemic stroke turns out to be a major public health issue. Extensive studies have reached mixed conclusions regarding the correlation between tooth loss and ischemic stroke, as well as transient ischemic attack (TIA). In this paper, a systematic review and meta-analysis is presented where we have aimed to examine whether tooth loss is correlated with a higher incidence of ischemic stroke and TIA in adults. The systematical search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and The Cochrane library from the inception dates to September 23, 2021, by employing the keywords (i.e., tooth loss and ischemic stroke). Observational studies conducted in adults were included, in which people with and without tooth loss (Exposition and Comparison) were observed to determine the incidence of ischemic stroke/TIA (Outcome). The data were extracted, and the study quality was assessed by two reviewers independently. Moreover, a meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs by adopting random-effects models. The major outcome was the incidence of ischemic stroke/TIA in adults with and without tooth loss. On the whole, four cohort studies and three case-control studies were covered, which involved 4,625,514 participants with 33,088 ischemic stroke/TIA cases. In cohort (adjusted RR = 2.58, 95% CI: 2.39–2.79,

P
<
0.00001

, I2 = 31%) and case-control studies (adjusted MD = −4.15, 95% CI: −6.09−(−2.22),

P
<
0.001

, I2 = 77%), a significant correlation was identified between tooth loss and ischemic stroke. The subgroup analyses reported that the results in case-control studies were generally consistent regardless of the selection of controls. This meta-analysis indicated a certain correlation between tooth loss and ischemic stroke.
System Dynamics Model for Systematic Evaluation of China’s Financial Risk
Authors: Xu Jinghong , Yang Daguang , Zhang Qian
Published: February 2022

Finance is becoming more important in the national economy. Maintaining financial stability is critical not only for the financial industry’s prosperity and development, but also for a country’s political, economic, and social development. This paper will look at the mechanisms that cause systemic risk to develop and evolve, as well as how to measure systemic financial risk in multiple dimensions. To begin, create a system for evaluating financial risk in a systematic manner. Second, using the AHP and CRITIC methods to determine various indicators and market weights, create a systemic financial risk evaluation model based on the system dynamics model, and calculate the system from 2010 to 2019 comprehensive financial risk index. Finally, simulation research is conducted using the system dynamics model of systemic financial risk, and the simulation results are analyzed. The findings show that China’s financial risk has been gradually increasing since 2016, with relatively small fluctuations in risk state.
Fairies in the Box: Children’s Perception and Interaction towards Voice Assistants
Authors: Tong Yu , Wang Fuxing , Wang Weijun
Published: February 2022

In recent years, the growing popularity of smart speakers (e.g., Google Home and Alexa) has facilitated young children’s interaction with internet-based devices and provided them with more opportunities to obtain access to online information. This review summarizes the current state of the research by examining smart speakers’ core characteristics, children’s conceptualization and interaction with smart speakers, and the influences on children’s learning and habits. Our review shows that (a) the natural language processing technology and central computing system (Internet) contribute to the uniqueness of smart speakers; (b) although children tend to attribute human characteristics (e.g., smart and friendly) to smart speakers, they might judge these voice assistant devices as neither explicitly living nor nonliving in ontological perception; (c) children’s overattributing certain knowledge (e.g., questions about personal information) to smart speakers does not necessarily mean that this device is believed to be omniscient; and (d) in terms of promoting children’s learning, smart speakers might not be more effective than a real human, and the interaction with smart speakers may not be conducive to children’s maintenance of civilized social norms. Implications for children’s conceptualization and interaction of smart speakers and the design of children-oriented smart agents are also discussed.
Isolation, Identification, and Susceptibility Profile of E. coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus in Dairy Farm and Their Public Health Implication in Central Ethiopia
Authors: Geletu Umer Seid , Usmael Munera Ahmednur , Ibrahim Abdulmuen Mohammed
Published: February 2022

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to May 2019 in Bishoftu and Dukem in central part of Ethiopia. The objectives of the present study were to isolate and identify S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella from dairy cattle, personnel, and equipment at farms. In addition to this, antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates were determined. A total of 607 samples consisting of fresh cow milk (125), fecal sample (211), nasal swab (211), pooled milkers’ hand swabs (20), pooled floor swabs (20), and tank milk (20) samples were collected from 20 dairy farms, which included 211 animals. Structured questionnaire was designed and administered to dairy farm owners and dairy food consumers to assess their consumption behavior and antibiotics usage. The samples were examined for the presence of S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella following standard techniques and procedures outlined by the International Organization for Standardization. Subsequently, 62 (15.7%) of S. aureus were isolated from 396 of the totals analyzed samples for S. aureus. Out of the 62 isolated S. aureus, 35/211(16.7%), 19/125(15.2%), 6/20(30%), 2/20(10%), and 0/20(0%) were from nasal swabs, udder milk, bulk milk, pooled hand swab, and floor swabs, respectively. On the other hand, 30 (7.6%) of E. coli were isolated from 396 of the totals analyzed samples for E. coli. Out of the 30 isolated E. coli, 17/211(8.1%), 12/125(9.6%), 0/20(0%), 0/20(0%), and 1/20(5%) were from faeces, udder milk, bulk milk, pooled hand swab, and floor swabs, respectively. In line with this, 13 (4.8%) of Salmonella were isolated from 271 of the totals analyzed samples for Salmonella. Out of the 13 isolated Salmonella, 10/211(4.7%), 2/20(10%), 0/20(0%), and 1/20(5%) were from faeces, bulk milk, pooled hand swab, and floor swabs, respectively. Subsequently, 62 of S. aureus, 30 of E. coli, and 13 of Salmonella isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and all isolates were resistant to at least one or more antimicrobials tested. Penicillin, methicillin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole are drugs to which a large proportion of isolated S. aureus were highly resistant, which range from 90% to 100%. From 30 tested E. coli, they showed (83%) resistance to Tetracycline and 80% to Vancomycin. The resistance level of 13 isolated Salmonella was 69% to Nalidixic acid and 54% to Vancomycin. Multiple drug resistance was detected in high (98.4%) for S. aureus, (56.7%) for E. coli, and (53.9%) for Salmonella. High proportion of multiple drug resistant in the dairy farm alerts concern for animal and public health as these drugs are used widely for treatment and prophylaxis in animals and humans.
5G and Blockchain Enabled Lightweight Solutions for Containing COVID-19
Authors: Kamal Mohsin , Aljohani Abdulah Jeza , Alanazi Eisa , Albogamy Fahad R.
Published: February 2022

Due to the global pandemic of COVID-19, there is an urgent need to utilize existing technologies to their full potential. Internet of things (IoT) is regarded as one of the most trending technologies with a great potential in fighting against the coronavirus outbreak. In this study, we examine the current status of IoT applications related to COVID-19, identify their deployment and operational challenges, and suggest possible opportunities to further contain the pandemic. Furthermore, we perform analysis by examining the IoT implementation in which internal and external factors are discussed. We suggest by presenting results that lightweight security algorithms, blockchain-based solutions for enabling end-to-end security and privacy, and 5G for IoT devices to tackle the bandwidth issues for scalable IoT networks are few of the solutions in containing the COVID-19.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Friction Stir Welding of Different Aluminum Alloys AA2618 to AA5086 by Taguchi Method
Authors: Sasikala G. , Jothiprakash V. M. , Pant Bhasker , Subalakshmi R. , Thirumal Azhagan M. , Arul K. , Alonazi Wadi B. , Karnan M. , Praveen Kumar S.
Published: February 2022

Friction stir welding (FSW) was used to combine two different Al–Cu alloys, AA2618-T87 and Al–Mg alloy AA5086-H321 plates, and the characteristics of the procedure were adjusted using Taguchi L16 orthogonal experiments planned in advance. Consideration was given to a variety of factors including rotational and cross-sectional speeds, geometry, and the tool-to-pin-diameter ratio. The tensile strength of the joint was used to identify the best procedure parameters. Runs with the ideal settings confirmed the projected optimal tensile strength value. A wide range of process parameters can be used to generate high-quality joints, according to this study. According to the results of an analysis of variance, the most important factor in determining the soundness of a joint is the fraction of tool contact area to pin diameter, although pin shape and welding speed also have a major impact. During this examination, it was observed that the nugget region is dominated by material on the forward-moving side. Heat-affected zones with tensile failures occurred on the alloy 5086 side of the weldment.
[Retracted] Identification of a Four‐Gene Signature for Diagnosing Paediatric Sepsis
Authors: Yao Yinhui , Zhao Jingyi , Hu Junhui , Song Hong , Wang Sizhu , Wang Ying
Published: February 2022

Aim. Early diagnosis of paediatric sepsis is crucial for the proper treatment of children and reduction of hospitalization and mortality. Biomarkers are a convenient and effective method for diagnosing any disease. However, huge differences among the studies reporting biomarkers for diagnosing sepsis have limited their clinical application. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of key genes involved in paediatric sepsis based on the data of the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Methods. We used the GSE119217 dataset to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with and without paediatric sepsis. The most relevant gene modules of paediatric sepsis were screened through the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Common genes (CGs) were found between DEGs and WGCNA. Genes with a potential diagnostic value in paediatric sepsis were selected from the CGs using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination. The principal component analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, and C‐index were used to verify the diagnostic value of the identified genes in six other independent sepsis datasets. Subsequently, a meta‐analysis of the selected genes was performed to evaluate the value of these genes as biomarkers in paediatric sepsis. Results. A total of 41 CGs were selected from the GSE119217 dataset. A four‐gene signature composed of ANXA3, CD177, GRAMD1C, and TIGD3 effectively distinguished patients with paediatric sepsis from those in the control group. The signature was verified using six other independent datasets. In addition, the meta‐analysis results showed that the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve values were 1.00, 0.98, and 1.00, respectively. Conclusion. The four‐gene signature can be used as new biomarkers to distinguish patients with paediatric sepsis from healthy individuals.
Toxicological Evaluation and Protective Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Cassia spectabilis DC on Liver and Kidney Function of Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice
Authors: Ekasari Wiwied , Mahardiani Anisah , Putri Nindya T. , Wahyuni Tutik S. , Arwati Heny
Published: February 2022

Currently, the presence of antimalarial drug resistance has become a major obstacle in the treatment of malaria. To overcome the problem, a series of studies are needed to find new antimalarial drugs from plants. Previously, 90% ethanolic extract of Cassia spectabilis DC (EECS) leaves have been reported to have antimalarial activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo against Plasmodium berghei ANKA. The research is conducted to find out the toxicity and protective effects of EECS on the liver and kidneys of mice infected with P. berghei ANKA. The acute and subacute toxicity tests were carried out on healthy mice that were given EECS at a dose of 150 mg/kg BW. An antimalarial activity test was carried out at doses of 150 and 200 mg/kg BW in P. berghei-infected mice. Regarding hepatomegaly, further plasma levels of hepatic enzyme were analyzed, as well as histopathological observation of the liver to determine the effect of the extract on liver. The kidney was observed histopathologically as well. The acute toxicity test of EECS showed that there was no mouse died at the highest dose, indicating safe for the mice. The subacute toxicity based on the histology data showed no significant difference in the liver and kidney of mice between the tested group and the healthy group. The histological and enzymatic effect of EECS in mice infected with P. berghei showed the histological and enzymatic effect that improved liver function and the histopathological effect on kidneys with the highest activity at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW compared with the negative control. The results showed the EECS was not toxic in mice and repaired the liver and kidney functions of P. berghei ANKA-infected mice, indicating a good candidate for antimalarial drug development.