bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of IL-22 in the Skin Causes Th2-Biased Immunity, Epidermal Barrier Dysfunction, and Pruritus via Stimulating Epithelial Th2 Cytokines and the GRP Pathway
Authors: Lou Hongfei , Lu Jingning , Choi Eun Byul , Oh Min Hee , Jeong Mingeum , Barmettler Sara , Zhu Zhou , Zheng Tao
Published: February 2017

Increased expression of Th22 cytokine IL-22 is a characteristic finding in atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the specific role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of AD in vivo has yet to be elucidated. Consistent with observations in human AD, IL-22 was significantly increased in the AD skin of mice after epicutaneous sensitization to house dust mite allergen. Utilizing a skin-specific inducible transgenic system, we show in the present study that expression of IL-22 in the skin of mice caused an AD-like phenotype characterized by chronic pruritic dermatitis associated with Th2-biased local and systemic immune responses, downregulation of epidermal differentiation complex genes, and enhanced dermatitis upon epicutaneous allergen exposure. IL-22 potently induced the expression of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a neuropeptide pruritogen, in dermal immune cells and sensory afferents and in their skin-innervating sensory neurons. IL-22 also differentially upregulated the expression of GRP receptor (GRPR) on keratinocytes of AD skin. The number of GRP+ cells in the skin correlated with the AD severity and the intensity of pruritus. IL-22 directly upregulated the expression of epithelial-derived type 2 cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-33) and GRP in primary keratinocytes. Furthermore, GRP not only strongly induced thymic stromal lymphopoietin but it also increased the expression of IL-33 and GRPR synergistically with IL-22. Importantly, we found that the expression of GRP was strikingly increased in the skin of patients with AD. These results indicate that IL-22 plays important pathogenic roles in the initiation and development of AD, in part through inducing keratinocyte production of type 2 cytokines and activation of the GRP/GRPR pathway.
Specification for O-Ring Face Seal Connectors: Part 2 - Requirements, Dimensions, and Tests for Steel Unions, Bulkheads, Swivels, Braze Sleeves, Caps, and Connectors with ISO 6149-2 Metric Stud Ends
Authors:   Hydraulic Tube Fittings Committee
Published: February 2017

The JUN2002 edition of SAE J1453 was published as a single document covering the requirements for inch O-ring face
seal connectors with SAE J1926-2 inch stud ends. In 1995 ISO 8434-3 was published covering the requirements for
O-ring face seal connectors with ISO 6149-2 metric stud ends. This revision of SAE J1453 adopts the parts covered
within ISO 8434-3 and the rationalized dimensions from ISO 8434-3 for both the inch and metric stud end face seal
connectors. SAE J1453 has been organized into three sections as follows:

1. SAE J1453-1 Specifications for O-ring Face Seal Connectors-Part 1: Tube Connection Details and Common
Requirements for Performance and Tests

2. SAE J1453-2 Specifications for O-ring Face Seal Connectors-Part 2: Requirements, Dimensions and Tests for
Steel Unions, Bulkheads, Swivels, Braze Sleeves, Caps, and Connectors with ISO 6149-2, Metric Stud Ends

3. SAE J1453-3 Specifications for O-ring Face Seal Connectors-Part 3: Requirements, Dimensions and Tests for
Steel Unions, Bulkheads, Swivels, Braze Sleeves, Caps, and Connectors with SAE J1926 Inch Stud Ends
Self-Propelled Sweepers—Air Flow Performance—Part 2: Suction/Blower Fan Performance
Authors:   MTC2, Sweeper, Cleaner, and Machinery
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard establishes a test method and a definition for disclosing the performance of suction/blower fans when applied to self-propelled sweepers that solely use a pneumatic conveyance means for the collection and transfer of “sweepings” into a collection hopper.
Identification of Self-Propelled Sweepers and Cleaning Equipment Part 2--Machines with a Gross Vehicle Mass Up to 5000 kg
Authors:   MTC2, Sweeper, Cleaner, and Machinery
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard applies to all self-propelled machines with a gross vehicle mass up to 5000 kg that are utilized to clean material from outside paved areas, parkland, floors in non-residential buildings and areas principally exposed to pedestrian traffic. Primary methods for material removal can be by mechanical, pneumatic, washing and flushing systems, or in a combination of any system.
Energy Transfer System for Electric Vehicles - Part 2: Communication Requirements and Network Architecture
Authors:   Hybrid - EV Committee
Published: February 2017

SAE J2293 establishes requirements for Electric Vehicles (EV)
and the off-board Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) used to
transfer electrical energy to an EV from an electric Utility Power
System (Utility) in North America. this document defines, either
directly or by reference, all characteristics of the total EV
Energy Transfer System (EV-ETS) necessary to insure the functional
interoperability of an EV and EVSE of the same physical system
architecture. The ETS, regardless of architecture, is responsible
for the conversion of AC electrical energy into DC electrical
energy that can be used to charge the Storage Battery of an EV, as
shown in Figure 1.

The different physical ETS system architectures are identified
by the form of the energy that is transferred etween the EV and the
EVSE, as shown in figure 2. It is possible for an EV and EVSE to
support more than one architecture.

This document does not contain all requirements related to EV
energy transfer, as there are many aspects of an EV and EVSE that
do not affect their interoperability. specifically, this document
does not deal with the characteristics of the interface between the
EVSE and the Utility, except to acknowledge the Utility as the
source of energy to be transferred to the EV.

The functional requirements for the ETS are described using a
functional decomposition method. This is where requirements are
successively broken down into simpler requirements and the
relationships between requirements are captured in a graphic form.
The requirements are written as the transformation of inputs into
outputs, resulting in a model of the total system.
Gasoline Fuel Injector Spray Measurement and Characterization
Authors:   Gasoline Fuel Injection Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice promotes uniformity in the characterization tests conducted on sprays generated by automotive fuel injectors used in both port fuel injection and gasoline-direct injection engine applications. SAE J2715 contains the detailed background, procedures and data reduction protocols for nearly all fuel spray characterization metrics that are applicable to automotive applications. It is intended to be utilized in conjunction with other SAE J documents that address injector performance metrics. These are SAE J1832 for Port Fuel Injection and the forthcoming SAE J2713 for Gasoline Direct Injectors.
Motor Vehicle Seat Dimensions
Authors:   Human Accom and Design Devices Stds Comm
Published: February 2017

This document provides dimension definitions that facilitate geometric quantification and evaluation of seats. Dimensions described in this document have been designed to be measured in a CAD environment; however, many dimensions require the HPM position and attitude. This can be obtained by physically establishing H-point using benchmark or auditing procedures OR by measuring the HPD within a CAD or modelling system. Refer to the appropriate document for these procedures.

These dimensions are package independent in that they do not require use of the HPM-II supplemental thigh/leg/shoe. Three types of seat geometry reference points and measurements have been developed:

Simple reference points and measurements not related to H-point.

H-point dependent reference points and measurements that utilize the seat characterization capabilities of the HPM to quantify seat measurements.

Cross sectional seat trim outlines.

For convenience and simplicity, many terms associated with H-point devices use human body parts in their name. However, they should not be construed as measures that indicate interaction with any or all occupants concerning accommodation, human capabilities, or comfort.

H-point devices do not represent the size or posture of any category of occupant.
Assigned Identification Number Structure and Usage for North American Vehicles/Watercraft Other than Certified to Federal Regulations
Authors:   VIN - WMI Technical Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes recommended procedures for the issuance, assignment, and structure of Identification Numbers on a uniform basis by states or provinces for use in an Assigned Identification Number (AIN).
Test Procedure for Determining Refrigerant Emissions from Mobile Air Conditioning Systems
Authors:   Interior Climate Control MAC Supplier Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard covers the Mini-Shed testing methodology to measure the rate of refrigerant loss from an automotive air conditioning (A/C) system. This SAE procedure encompasses both front and rear air conditioning systems utilizing refrigerants operating under sub-critical conditions.
Test Methodology for Evaluating the Chemical Compatibility of Wheel Finishes with Various Chemicals
Authors:   Wheel Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This document proposes methods for the testing and evaluation of aluminum wheel and wheel trim surface finishes for compatibility with various types of tire, wheel and car wash cleaning materials, and other chemicals that might come into contact with these automotive components. It is recognized that each end user of this methodology might seek answers to questions that are unique to his business or situation. Therefore, the procedure is written in a generic sequence that could be strictly followed, repeated, or modified in order to provide the user with the best results. Example decision tree are provided to help the user select a sequence of exposure steps that would best suit his needs, (reference Figures 1, 2).

This procedure should not be utilized if the intent is to evaluate the compatibility of wheel finishes to any flammable products, because those chemistries would require special laboratory safety and handling precautions.
Measurement of Noise Emitted by Accelerating Road Vehicles
Authors:   Light Vehicle Exterior Sound Level Standards Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard is equivalent to ISO 362-1:2007 and specifies an engineering method for measuring the noise emitted by road vehicles under typical urban traffic conditions. The specifications are intended to reproduce the level of noise which is generated by the principal noise sources during normal driving in urban traffic. The method is designed to meet the requirements of simplicity as far as they are consistent with reproducibility of results under the operating conditions of the vehicle.

The test method requires an acoustical environment which is only obtained in an extensive open space. Such conditions are usually provided for during:

measurements of vehicles for regulatory certification

measurements at the manufacturing stage

measurements at official testing stations

The results obtained by this method give an objective measure of the noise emitted under the specified conditions of test. It is necessary to consider the fact that the subjective appraisal of the noise annoyance of different classes of motor vehicles is not simply related to the indications of a sound measurement system. As annoyance is strongly related to personal human perception, physiological human condition, culture, environmental condition there is a large variation and therefore not useful as a parameter to describe a specific vehicle condition.

Spot checks of vehicles chosen at random are rarely made in an ideal acoustical environment. If measurements are carried out on the road in an acoustical environment which does not fulfill the requirements stated in this document, the results obtained may deviate appreciably from the results obtained using the specified conditions.
NEW FINISH DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT
Authors:   USCAR
Published: February 2017

This standard lists variables that shall be investigated and reported as an initial investigation into new or revised surface finishes intended for use on fasteners. This standard provides instruction for producing a final report that will be used to determine if further investigation of a surface finish is justified. Further investigation may include tests and evaluations specific to an individual OEM prior to introduction/approval of the surface finish. The final report shall include the results, observations, and conclusions for all of the variables. The final report may be made up of several individual reports covering each variable. In all cases the laboratory performing the test, the test date and the report approver shall be included in the final report.
Global emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases 2005–2050 with abatement potentials and costs
Authors: Purohit Pallav , Höglund-Isaksson Lena
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This study uses the GAINS model framework to estimate current and future emissions of fluorinated greenhouse gases (F-gases), their abatement potentials, and costs for twenty source sectors and 162 countries and regions, which are aggregated to produce global estimates. Global F-gas (HFCs, PFCs, and SF6) emissions are estimated at 0.7 Pg CO2 eq.  in 2005 with an expected increase to 3.7 Pg CO2 eq.  in 2050 if application of control technology remains at the current level. There are extensive opportunities to reduce emissions using existing technology and alternative substances with low global warming potential. Estimates show that it would be technically feasible to reduce cumulative F-gas emissions from 81 to 11 Pg CO2 eq.  between 2018 and 2050. A reduction in cumulative emissions to 23 Pg CO2 eq.  is estimated to be possible at a marginal abatement cost below 10 EUR t−1 CO2 eq. We also find that future F-gas abatement is expected to become relatively more costly for developing than developed countries due to differences in the sector contribution to emissions and abatement potentials.
Quantifying pollution transport from the Asian monsoon anticyclone into the lower stratosphere
Authors: Ploeger Felix , Konopka Paul , Walker Kaley , Riese Martin
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Pollution transport from the surface to the stratosphere within the Asian monsoon circulation may cause harmful effects on stratospheric chemistry and climate. Here, we investigate air mass transport from the monsoon anticyclone into the stratosphere using a Lagrangian chemistry transport model. We show how two main transport pathways from the anticyclone emerge: (i) into the tropical stratosphere (tropical pipe), and (ii) into the Northern hemisphere (NH) extra-tropical lower stratosphere. Maximum anticyclone air mass fractions reach around 5 % in the tropical pipe and 15 % in the extra-tropical lowermost stratosphere over the course of a year. The anticyclone air mass fraction correlates well with satellite hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and carbon monoxide (CO) observations, corroborating that pollution is transported deep into the tropical stratosphere from the Asian monsoon anticyclone. Cross-tropopause transport occurs in a vertical chimney, but with the emissions transported quasi-horizontally along isentropes above the tropopause into the tropics and NH.
Parameterizing the instrumental spectral response function and its changes by a super-Gaussian and its derivatives
Authors: Beirle Steffen , Lampel Johannes , Lerot Christophe , Sihler Holger , Wagner Thomas
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The instrumental spectral response function (ISRF) is a key quantity in DOAS analysis, as it is needed for wavelength calibration and for the convolution of trace gas cross sections to instrumental resolution. While it can generally be measured using monochromatic stimuli, it is often parameterized in order to merge different calibration measurements and to plainly account for its wavelength dependency. For some instruments, the ISRF can be described appropriately by a Gaussian function, while for others, dedicated, complex parameterizations with several parameters have been developed.Here we propose to parameterize the ISRF as a super-Gaussian, which can reproduce a variety of shapes, from point-hat to boxcar shape, by just adding one parameter to the classical Gaussian. The super-Gaussian turned out to describe the ISRF of various DOAS instruments well, including the satellite instruments GOME-2, OMI, and TROPOMI.In addition, the super-Gaussian allows for a straightforward parameterization of the effect of ISRF changes, which can occur on long-term scales as well as, for example, during one satellite orbit and impair the spectral analysis if ignored. In order to account for such changes, spectral structures are derived from the derivatives of the super-Gaussian, which are afterwards just scaled during spectral calibration or DOAS analysis. This approach significantly improves the fit quality compared to setups with fixed ISRF, without drawbacks on computation time due to the applied linearization. In addition, the wavelength dependency of the ISRF can be accounted for by accordingly derived spectral structures in an easy, fast, and robust way.
Comparison of hourly surface downwelling solar radiation estimated from MSG/SEVIRI and forecast by RAMS model with pyranometers over Italy
Authors: Federico Stefano , Torcasio Rosa Claudia , Sanò Paolo , Casella Daniele , Campanelli Monica , Meirink Jan Fokke , Wang Ping , Vergari Stefania , Diémoz Henri , Dietrich Stefano
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of two Global Horizontal solar Irradiance (GHI) estimates, one derived from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) and another from one-day forecast of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) mesoscale model. The horizontal resolution of the MSG-GHI is 3*5 km2 over Italy, which is the focus area of this study. For this paper, RAMS has the horizontal resolution of 4 km. The performance of MSG-GHI estimate and RAMS-GHI one-day forecast are evaluated for one year (1 June 2013–31 May 2014) against data of twelve ground based pyranometers over Italy spanning a range of climatic conditions, i.e. from maritime Mediterranean to Alpine climate. Statistics on hourly GHI and daily integrated GHI are presented for the four seasons and the whole year for all the measurement sites. Different sky conditions are considered in the analysis. Results on hourly data show an evident dependence on the sky conditions, with the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) increasing from clear to contaminated, and to overcast conditions. The RMSE increases substantially for Alpine stations in all the seasons, mainly because of the increase of the cloud coverage for these stations, which is not well represented at the satellite and model resolutions. Considering the yearly statistics for the RAMS model, the RMSE ranges from 152 W/m2 (31 %) obtained for Cozzo Spadaro, a maritime station, to 287 W/m2 (82 %) for Aosta, an Alpine site. Considering the yearly statistics for MSG-GHI, the minimum RMSE is for Cozzo Spadaro (71 W/m2 , 14 %), while the maximum is for Aosta (181 W/m2 , 51 %). The Mean Bias Error (MBE) shows the tendency of RAMS to over forecast the GHI, while no specific tendency if found for MSG-GHI. Results for daily integrated GHI show a reduction of the RMSE of at least 10 %, compared to hourly GHI evaluation, for both RAMS-GHI one-day forecast and MSG-GHI estimate. A partial compensation of underestimation and overestimation of the GHI contributes to the RMSE reduction. Furthermore, a post-processing technique, namely Model Output Statistics (MOS), is applied to hourly and daily integrated GHI. The application of MOS shows an improvement for RAMS-GHI up to 24 %, depending on the site considered, while the impact of MOS on MSG-GHI RMSE is small (2–3 %).
Ecophysiological modeling of the climate imprint on photosynthesis and carbon allocation to the tree stem in the North American boreal forest
Authors: Gennaretti Fabio , Gea-Izquierdo Guillermo , Boucher Etienne , Berninger Frank , Arseneault Dominique , Guiot Joel
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A better understanding of the coupling between photosynthesis and carbon allocation in the boreal forest, with implicated environmental factors and mechanistic rules, is crucial to accurately predict boreal forest carbon stocks and fluxes, which are significant components of the global carbon budget. Here we adapted the MAIDEN ecophysiological forest model to better consider important processes for boreal tree species, such as non-linear acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature changes, canopy development as a function of previous year climate variables influencing bud formation, and temperature dependence of carbon partition in summer. We tested these modifications in the eastern Canadian taiga using black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) gross primary production and ring-width data. MAIDEN explains 90 % of the observed daily gross primary production variability, 73 % of the full spectrum of the annual ring width variability and 20–30 % of its high frequency component. The positive effect on stem growth due to climate warming in the last decades is well captured by the model. In addition, we illustrate the improvement achieved with each introduced model adaptation and compare the model results with those of linear response functions. This shows that MAIDEN simulates robust relationships with the most important climate variables (those detected by classical response-function analysis), and is a powerful tool for understanding how environmental factors interact with black spruce ecophysiology to influence present-day and future boreal forest carbon fluxes.
Riverbank filtration for treatment of highly turbid Colombian rivers
Authors: Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , van Halem Doris , Rietveld Luuk
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The poor water quality of many Colombian surface waters, forces for seeking alternative, sustainable treatment solutions with the ability to manage peak pollution events and to guarantee an uninterrupted provision of safe drinking water to the population. This review assesses the potential of using riverbank filtration (RBF) for the highly turbid waters in Colombia emphasizing on water quality improvement and the influence of clogging by suspended solids. The suspended sediments may on the one hand be favorable in the improvement of the water quality mainly due to the strengthening of cake filtration and deep bed filtration processes. On the other hand, the formed cake layer must be balanced by scouring in order for an RBF system to be sustainable without loss of hydraulic capacity. In general, RBF seems to be a technology appropriate for use in highly turbid and contaminated surface rivers in Colombia, where improvements due to the removal of turbidity, and pathogens, and to a lesser extent inorganics, organic matter and micro-pollutants are expected. RBF has the potential to mitigate shock loads thus leading to the prevention of shutdowns of surface water treatment plants. In addition, RBF, as an alternative pre-treatment step, may provide an important reduction of chemicals’ consumption, considerably simplifying the operation of the existing treatment processes. However, clogging and self-cleansing issues must be studied deeper in the context of these highly turbid waters, evaluating the potential loss of abstraction capacity yield as well as the development of different redox zones for efficient contaminant removal.
The DeepMIP contribution to PMIP4: experimental design for model simulations of the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM (version 1.0)
Authors: Lunt Daniel J. , Huber Matthew , Anagnostou Eleni , Baatsen Michiel L. J. , Caballero Rodrigo , DeConto Rob , Dijkstra Henk A. , Donnadieu Yannick , Evans David , Feng Ran , Foster Gavin L. , Gasson Ed , von der Heydt Anna S. , Hollis Chris J. , Inglis Gordon N. , Jones Stephen M. , Kiehl Jeff , Kirtland Turner Sandy , Korty Robert L. , Kozdon Reinhardt , Krishnan Srinath , Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Langebroek Petra , Lear Caroline H. , LeGrande Allegra N. , Littler Kate , Markwick Paul , Otto-Bliesner Bette , Pearson Paul , Poulsen Christopher J. , Salzmann Ulrich , Shields Christine , Snell Kathryn , Stärz Michael , Super James , Tabor Clay , Tierney Jessica E. , Tourte Gregory J. L. , Tripati Aradhna , Upchurch Garland R. , Wade Bridget S. , Wing Scott L. , Winguth Arne M. E. , Wright Nicky M. , Zachos James C. , Zeebe Richard E.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Past warm periods provide an opportunity to evaluate climate models under extreme forcing scenarios, in particular high ( >  800 ppmv) atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Although a post hoc intercomparison of Eocene ( ∼  50  Ma) climate model simulations and geological data has been carried out previously, models of past high-CO2 periods have never been evaluated in a consistent framework. Here, we present an experimental design for climate model simulations of three warm periods within the early Eocene and the latest Paleocene (the EECO, PETM, and pre-PETM). Together with the CMIP6 pre-industrial control and abrupt 4 ×  CO2 simulations, and additional sensitivity studies, these form the first phase of DeepMIP – the Deep-time Model Intercomparison Project, itself a group within the wider Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). The experimental design specifies and provides guidance on boundary conditions associated with palaeogeography, greenhouse gases, astronomical configuration, solar constant, land surface processes, and aerosols. Initial conditions, simulation length, and output variables are also specified. Finally, we explain how the geological data sets, which will be used to evaluate the simulations, will be developed.
A cloud feedback emulator (CFE, version 1.0) for an intermediate complexity model
Authors: Ullman David J. , Schmittner Andreas
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The dominant source of inter-model differences in comprehensive global climate models (GCMs) are cloud radiative effects on Earth's energy budget. Intermediate complexity models, while able to run more efficiently, often lack cloud feedbacks. Here, we describe and evaluate a method for applying GCM-derived shortwave and longwave cloud feedbacks from 4 × CO2 and Last Glacial Maximum experiments to the University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model. The method generally captures the spread in top-of-the-atmosphere radiative feedbacks between the original GCMs, which impacts the magnitude and spatial distribution of surface temperature changes and climate sensitivity. These results suggest that the method is suitable to incorporate multi-model cloud feedback uncertainties in ensemble simulations with a single intermediate complexity model.
LOW-COST 3D LASER SCANNING IN AIR ORWATER USING SELF-CALIBRATING
STRUCTURED LIGHT
Authors: Bleier M. , Nüchter A.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In-situ calibration of structured light scanners in underwater environments is time-consuming and complicated. This paper presents a self-calibrating line laser scanning system, which enables the creation of dense 3D models with a single fixed camera and a freely moving hand-held cross line laser projector. The proposed approach exploits geometric constraints, such as coplanarities, to recover the depth information and is applicable without any prior knowledge of the position and orientation of the laser projector. By employing an off-the-shelf underwater camera and a waterproof housing with high power line lasers an affordable 3D scanning solution can be built. In experiments the performance of the proposed technique is studied and compared with 3D reconstruction using explicit calibration. We demonstrate that the scanning system can be applied to above-the-water as well as underwater scenes.
PROBABILISTIC RECONSTRUCTION OF ORTHODOX CHURCHES FROM PRECISION
POINT CLOUDS USING BAYESIAN NETWORKS AND CELLULAR AUTOMATA
Authors: Chizhova M. , Korovin D. , Gurianov A. , Brodovskii M. , Brunn A. , Stilla U. , Luhmann T.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The point cloud interpretation and reconstruction of 3d-buildings from point clouds has already been treated for a few decades. There are many articles which consider the different methods and workows of the automatic detection and reconstruction of geometrical objects from point clouds. Each method is suitable for the special geometry type of object or sensor. General approaches are rare. In our work we present an algorithm which develops the optimal process sequence of the automatic search, detection and reconstruction of buildings and building components from a point cloud. It can be used for the detection of the set of geometric objects to be reconstructed, independent of its destruction. In a simulated example we reconstruct a complete Russian-orthodox church starting from the set of detected structural components and reconstruct missing components with high probability.
UNDERWATER PHOTOGRAMMETRY, CODED TARGET AND PLENOPTIC
TECHNOLOGY: A SET OF TOOLS FOR MONITORING RED CORAL IN
MEDITERRANEAN SEA IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE ”PERFECT” PROJECT
Authors: Drap P. , Royer J. P. , Nawaf M. M. , Saccone M. , Merad D. , López-Sanz À. , Ledoux J. B. , Garrabou J.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. PErfECT "Photogrammetry, gEnetic, Ecology for red coral ConservaTion" is a project leaded by the Laboratoire des Sciences de lInformation et des Systmes (LSIS - UMR 7296 CNRS) from the Aix-Marseille University (France) in collaboration with the Spanish National Agency for Scientific Research (CSIC, Spain). The main objective of the project is to develop innovative Tools for the conservation of the Mediterranean red coral, Corallium rubrum. PErfECT was funded by the Total Fundation. The adaptation of digital photogrammetric techniques for use in submarine is rapidly increasing in recent years. In fact, these techniques are particularly well suited for use in underwater environments. PErfECT developed different photogrammetry tools to enhance the red coral population surveys based in: (i) automatic orientation on coded quadrats, (ii) use of NPR (Non Photo realistic Rendering) techniques, (iii) the calculation of distances between colonies within local populations and finally (iv) the use of plenoptic approaches in underwater conditions.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS AND DIGITAL RECONSTRUCTIONS OF ALBERTI’S
ARCHITECTURES BY THE USE OF 3D MORPHOMETRIC INTEGRATED SURVEY
DATABASE
Authors: Ferrari F. , Medici M.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Since 2005, DIAPReM Centre of the Department of Architecture of the University of Ferrara, in collaboration with the "Centro Studi Leon Battista Alberti" Foundation and the Consorzio Futuro in Ricerca, is carrying out a research project for the creation of 3D databases that could allow the development of a critical interpretation of Alberti's architectural work. The project is primarily based on a common three-dimensional integrated survey methodology for the creation of a navigable multilayered database. The research allows the possibility of reiterative metrical analysis, thanks to the use of a coherent data in order to check and validate hypothesis by researchers, art historians and scholars on Alberti's architectural work. Coherently with this methodological framework, indeed, two case studies are explained in this paper: the church of San Sebastiano in Matua and The Church of the Santissima Annunziata in Florence. Furthermore, thanks to a brief introduction of further developments of the project, a short graphical analysis of preliminary results on Tempio Malatestiano in Rimini opens new perspectives of research.
IMAGE-BASED 3D RECONSTRUCTION DATA
AS AN ANALYSIS AND DOCUMENTATION TOOL FOR ARCHITECTS: THE CASE OF PLAKA BRIDGE IN GREECE
Authors: Kouimtzoglou T. , Stathopoulou E. K. , Agrafiotis P. , Georgopoulos A.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Μodern advances in the field of image-based 3D reconstruction of complex architectures are valuable tools that may offer the researchers great possibilities integrating the use of such procedures in their studies. In the same way that photogrammetry was a well-known useful tool among the cultural heritage community for years, the state of the art reconstruction techniques generate complete and easy to use 3D data, thus enabling engineers, architects and other cultural heritage experts to approach their case studies in an exhaustive and efficient way. The generated data can be a valuable and accurate basis upon which further plans and studies will be drafted. These and other aspects of the use of image-based 3D data for architectural studies are to be presented and analysed in this paper, based on the experience gained from a specific case study, the Plaka Bridge. This historic structure is of particular interest, as it was recently lost due to extreme weather conditions and serves as a strong proof that preventive actions are of utmost importance in order to preserve our common past.
MULTISPECTRAL PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING
FORWALL PAINTINGS STUDIES
Authors: Pamart A. , Guillon O. , Faraci S. , Gattet E. , Genevois M. , Vallet J. M. , De Luca L.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In the field of wall paintings studies different imaging techniques are commonly used for the documentation and the decision making in term of conservation and restoration. There is nowadays some challenging issues to merge scientific imaging techniques in a multimodal context (i.e. multi-sensors, multi-dimensions, multi-spectral and multi-temporal approaches). For decades those CH objects has been widely documented with Technical Photography (TP) which gives precious information to understand or retrieve the painting layouts and history. More recently there is an increasing demand of the use of digital photogrammetry in order to provide, as one of the possible output, an orthophotomosaic which brings a possibility for metrical quantification of conservators/restorators observations and actions planning. This paper presents some ongoing experimentations of the LabCom MAP-CICRP relying on the assumption that those techniques can be merged through a common pipeline to share their own benefits and create a more complete documentation.
NEW PERSPECTIVES OF POINT CLOUDS COLOR MANAGEMENT – THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOOL IN MATLAB FOR APPLICATIONS IN CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Pepe M. , Ackermann S. , Fregonese L. , Achille C.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The paper describes a method for Point Clouds Color management and Integration obtained from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) and Image Based (IB) survey techniques. Especially in the Cultural Heritage (CH) environment, methods and techniques to improve the color quality of Point Clouds have a key role because a homogenous texture brings to a more accurate reconstruction of the investigated object and to a more pleasant perception of the color object as well. A color management method for point clouds can be useful in case of single data set acquired by TLS or IB technique as well as in case of chromatic heterogeneity resulting by merging different datasets. The latter condition can occur when the scans are acquired in different moments of the same day or when scans of the same object are performed in a period of weeks or months, and consequently with a different environment/lighting condition. In this paper, a procedure to balance the point cloud color in order to uniform the different data sets, to improve the chromatic quality and to highlight further details will be presented and discussed.
4D RECONSTRUCTION AND VISUALIZATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE:
ANALYZING OUR LEGACY THROUGH TIME
Authors: Rodríguez-Gonzálvez P. , Muñoz-Nieto A. L. , del Pozo S. , Sanchez-Aparicio L. J. , Gonzalez-Aguilera D. , Micoli L. , Gonizzi Barsanti S. , Guidi G. , Mills J. , Fieber K. , Haynes I. , Hejmanowska B.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Temporal analyses and multi-temporal 3D reconstruction are fundamental for the preservation and maintenance of all forms of Cultural Heritage (CH) and are the basis for decisions related to interventions and promotion. Introducing the fourth dimension of time into three-dimensional geometric modelling of real data allows the creation of a multi-temporal representation of a site. In this way, scholars from various disciplines (surveyors, geologists, archaeologists, architects, philologists, etc.) are provided with a new set of tools and working methods to support the study of the evolution of heritage sites, both to develop hypotheses about the past and to model likely future developments. The capacity to “see” the dynamic evolution of CH assets across different spatial scales (e.g. building, site, city or territory) compressed in diachronic model, affords the possibility to better understand the present status of CH according to its history. However, there are numerous challenges in order to carry out 4D modelling and the requisite multi-data source integration. It is necessary to identify the specifications, needs and requirements of the CH community to understand the required levels of 4D model information. In this way, it is possible to determine the optimum material and technologies to be utilised at different CH scales, as well as the data management and visualization requirements. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive approach for CH time-varying representations, analysis and visualization across different working scales and environments: rural landscape, urban landscape and architectural scales. Within this aim, the different available metric data sources are systemized and evaluated in terms of their suitability.
Measurements of precipitation in Dumont d'Urville, Terre Adélie, East Antarctica
Authors: Grazioli Jacopo , Genthon Christophe , Boudevillain Brice , Duran-Alarcon Claudio , Del Guasta Massimo , Madeleine Jean-Baptiste , Berne Alexis
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The first results of a campaign of intensive observation of precipitation in Dumont d'Urville, Antarctica, are presented. Several instruments collected data from October 2015, including a polarimetric weather radar (MXPol), a Micro Rain Radar (MRR), a weighing gauge (Pluvio2), and a Multi-Angle Snowflake Camera (MASC). These instruments collected the first model-free measurements of precipitation in the region in the region of Terre Adélie (Adélie Land), including of precipitation microphysics. Microphysical observations during the austral summer 2015/2016 showed that, close to ground level, aggregates are the dominant hydrometeor type, together with small ice particles (mostly originating from blowing snow), and that riming often occurs. Contamination of the Pluvio2 measurements in windy conditions is observed and partly removed through synergistic use of MRR data. The yearly accumulated precipitation of snow (300 m above ground), obtained by means of a local conversion relation of MRR data, trained on the Pluvio2 measurement of the summer period, is estimated to be 815 mm of water equivalent, with a confidence interval ranging between 739.5 to 989 mm. Climatological data obtained from satellite-borne radars, and the ERA-Interim reanalysis of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) both provide lower yearly totals: 655 mm for ERA-Interim, while 679 mm for the climatological data over DDU. ERA-Interim seems to overestimate the occurrence of low-intensity precipitation events especially in summer, while visual observations conducted at the research stations all year long seem to underestimate it. Overall, this manuscript provides insightful examples of the added values of precipitation monitoring in Antarctica with a synergistic use of in-situ and remote sensing measurements.
La dimensión territorial de la crisis de la vivienda y el despilfarro inmobiliario residencial
Authors: Vinuesa Angulo Julio , Porras Alfaro David
Published: February 2017

Tras el último boom inmobiliario y la consiguiente crisis, con efectos económicos sobradamente conocidos, hay que volver a insistir sobre la necesidad de abandonar un modelo de desarrollo urbano gobernado por el negocio inmobiliario y ajeno a criterios de racionalidad, equidad y sostenibilidad en el uso del territorio y en la construcción de espacio residencial. La vivienda, antes que un alojamiento, es un activo económico. Su mercado es la pieza fundamental de ese modelo que ignora su papel estructurante del territorio y su condición de espacio necesario para satisfacer un derecho básico. Se propone una reflexión sobre las raíces del actual modelo y se subrayan sus consecuencias en forma de despilfarro territorial y en el agravamiento de las dificultades para acceder al uso de una vivienda digna y adecuada. Finalmente, se hacen valoraciones a nivel local de los efectos del actual modelo, de las necesidades de vivienda y de las oportunidades de utilización del parque residencial existente.
Association between Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Sclerosis and Esophageal Dysmotility Assessed by High-Resolution Manometry
Authors: de Carlan Marine , Lescoat Alain , Brochard Charlène , Coiffier Guillaume , Cazalets Claire , Ropert Alain , Jégo Patrick
Published: February 2017

Purpose

To characterize esophageal involvement according to high-resolution manometry (HRM) findings using the 3rd version of the Chicago Classification, in a French population of patients fulfilling the ACR/EULAR 2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis (SSc).

Methods

Thirty-six patients were consecutively included in this cross-sectional non-interventional study and had HRM performed in Rennes University hospital. Demographic and clinical characteristics, SSc history and interstitial lung disease (ILD) on CT-scan were assessed, and compared with esophageal motility.

Results

Sixty-one percent of SSc patients had ineffective peristalsis (55.6% failed peristalsis and 5.6% weak peristalsis), 33.3% had hypotensive esophagogastric junction pressure, 75% did not have a physiologic contraction following multiple rapid swallow (MRS), and 44.4% had an abnormal peristaltic reserve. One patient had type 1 achalasia and another one had Jackhammer esophagus. Failed peristalsis was associated with pyrosis (odds ratio [OR] 7.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51-35.21, p = 0.009), a higher modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) (without failed peristalsis: 4.68 ± 2.95 vs. with failed peristalsis: 10.68 ± 9.23; p<0.05), the presence of telangiectasia (OR 7, 95% CI 1.59-30.8, p = 0.007), and low diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (p = 0.013). Food in the esophagus and esophageal dilation on CT-scan were associated with failed contractions on HRM (respectively, OR 6.85, 95% CI 1.12-40.82, p = 0.05, and OR 14.67, CI 2.4-88.5, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

This study confirms that failed peristalsis is frequent in SSc and associated with other organ involvement. We found a concordance between HRM results and CT-scan findings regarding esophageal involvement.
Empresas públicas en el ordenamiento jurídico nicaragüense: régimen jurídico y replanteamiento actual
Authors: García Dávila Amadeus Josué
Published: February 2017

Uno de los temas hacia donde confluyen las más variadas concepciones terminológicas es el que versa sobre las entidades empresariales del dominio público que actúan bajo distintas formas jurídicas e intervienen económicamente en el mercado, participando directamente en el campo de la gestión económica. Nuestra realidad jurídica realiza pequeñas referencias en la Ley 550, “Ley de Administración Financiera y del Régimen Presupuestario”, (2005), Ley 737, “Ley de Contrataciones Administrativas del Sector Público”, (2010), Ley 838, “Ley General de Puertos de Nicaragua”, (2013), entre otras, sobre la existencia de empresas públicas. Sin embargo es necesario realizar un examen al ordenamiento jurídico existente sobre la base de los elementos que configuran la existencia y operatividad de las empresas públicas, desde su concepto hasta los elementos que sustentan al siempre vivo fenómeno empresarial. Para respaldar tal afirmación, los temas mencionados son estudiados sobre la base de una investigación documental argumentativa y sistemática en fuentes documentales legales, reglamentarias, y subsidiarias como la jurisprudencia patria y la comparada para finalmente formular propuestas claras de solución a los conflictos planteados por las normas y opiniones doctrinales en sí mismas, considerando su pertinencia en el estudio de las Ciencias Jurídicas y su replanteamiento actual.
Atuação da equipe de enfermagem sob a ótica de familiares de pacientes em cuidados paliativos
Authors: Silva Rudval Souza da , Santos Rodrigo Duarte dos , Evangelista Cássia Luiza de Souza , Marinho Christielle Lidianne Alencar , Lira Gerlene Grudka , Andrade Magna Santos
Published: February 2017

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la percepción de los familiares sobre la actuación del personal de enfermería en la atención a pacientes en cuidados paliativos. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo exploratorio descriptivo llevado a cabo en una clínica de oncología. Participaron 17 familiares cuidadores de pacientes en cuidados paliativos. Los datos se recogieron en febrero y marzo de 2015 en entrevistas, se sometieron al análisis de contenido según el método de análisis de contenido de Bardin y se discutieron de acuerdo a los principios filosóficos de los cuidados paliativos. Se establecieron tres categorías temáticas: sentimientos expresados por la familia cuando el diagnóstico de cáncer en un ente querido afecta la calidad de vida de la familia; prácticas de promoción de la atención que alivian el dolor y el sufrimiento y quimioterapia: momento de dolor y sufrimiento. Se llegó a la conclusión que acompañar a un ser querido en los cuidados paliativos también significa sufrimiento para la familia, teniendo en cuenta las dificultades que vive, además de los conflictos y sentimientos que se desencadenan al enfrentar la enfermedad y del miedo a la muerte. En este escenario, el personal de enfermería podría actuar como enlace entre el equipo de cuidados paliativos y la unidad de cuidados - paciente / familia en la promoción del bienestar biopsicosocioespiritual.
O corpo, a droga e o movimento
Authors: Marinho Lionara de Cássia Paim , Carmo Dilce Rejane Peres do , Souto Valquiria Toledo , Pelzer Marlene Teda , Costa Roberto Fernandes da
Published: February 2017

This is a reflective article that aimed to make considerations on the effects of drug use in human movements based on experiences witnessed in a Psychosocial Care Center (CAPs). Acute and chronic effects of these substances were discussed, highlighting the lack of coordination and balance and fine tremors of the extremities as acute effects of alcohol. Alcoholic polyneuritis was identified as chronic effect. Among the acute effects of cocaine and crack were psychomotor agitation, and among the chronic effects, dystonia and chorea. In the case of marijuana, this causes lack of coordination and reduced ability to perform complex motor activities. However, other viewpoints are possible when considering the body that moves through intention, desire, direction, that is, through intentionality. Thus, it is believed that this study supports the qualification of bodily therapeutic practices of care for drug users beyond the purely physiological dimension, which contributes to the expansion of this knowledge in various health professions: Nursing, Physiotherapy, Physical Education, among others.