bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International education and economic transformation
Authors: Parker Brett
Published: September 2018

This article sets out an analysis of the apparent and potential linkages between the international education (IE) sector, and the economic transformation agenda (ETA) for New Zealand’s wider economy and society. It shows how the international education sector can help to drive New Zealand’s shift into higher-value economic production. The focus of the article is on international graduates from New Zealand’s public and private tertiary providers, as they will have qualifications which can be recognised by employers. Moreover, their qualifications may be in demand and can help to increase workplace productivity.
A response to M. Baker, ‘lingering concerns about child custody and support’
Authors: Birks Stuart
Published: September 2018

Professor Maureen Baker talks of ‘lingering concerns’ about child custody and support (Baker, 2008). Baker raises some valuable points. There are ongoing concerns about policies in these areas, and it is most helpful that she attempts to stimulate discussion on the issues. I would like to respond firstly by giving a context for discussion, and then by considering her perspective in more detail.
Differentiation In the post-2012 climate regime
Authors: Rajamani Lavanya
Published: September 2018

Since the dawn of the intergovernmental dialogue on climate change, countries have bickered over who should take responsibility, in what measure and under what conditions to avert climate change. At the heart of these questions in the ongoing negotiations on the post-2012 climate regime is the notion of “differentiation.” The Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992 (FCCC) and the Kyoto Protocol, 1997, differentiate between developing and industrialized countries, and assign a leadership role in mitigation to industrialized countries. Should the post-2012 climate regime differentiate between developing countries, based on “objective criterion,” in determining who, amongst them, should take greater responsibility, perhaps even akin to the responsibility that industrialized countries have currently assumed?
Sharing the burden of climate change
Authors: Parker David
Published: September 2018

I have been asked to talk about ‘sharing the burden of climate change’.1 Of course, that means all of us playing our part. It is unfortunate that the language of this topic is in itself loaded to the negative. ‘Playing our part’ sounds far more desirable than ‘sharing the burden’! Right now, the primary global response hinges on the Kyoto Protocol. The first commitment period of the protocol ends in 2012, so our next challenge will be looking at the options for tackling climate change after this date. Here I would like to explore some of the key issues countries will need to consider post-2012 to effectively tackle climate change.
The future of combating climate change: how to share the burden among countries? A Swiss perspective
Authors: Nobs Beat
Published: September 2018

I would like to contribute to the ongoing discussion on this topic by adding two elements. Firstly, it might be interesting to shed some light on how another small country – Switzerland – tackles the issue of climate change. Secondly, it is useful to remember at all times that it is in the negotiation room itself, where– regardless of all the statements by governments or by scientists outside of that room – the decisions on a future climate regime will finally be taken. What are the conditions to be met for a breakthrough at the Copenhagen conference to be held in December 2009 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)?
Ethics and international climate negotiations
Authors: Kengmana Lucas
Published: September 2018

There is no consensus amongst policy makers and scholars about the role that ethical considerations should and will play in international climate change negotiations. In this article, I defend the role of ethics in these negotiations, both in the normative sense and in the descriptive sense. In doing so, I respond to a number of arguments which hold that ethical considerations either should not or will not play an important role in international climate change negotiations.
An EU perspective on international burden sharing post-2012
Authors: Julien Bruno
Published: September 2018

Climate change issues have come to the forefront of international diplomacy and will increasingly dominate policy discussions, both within our countries and among them.1 New Zealand, like the EU, has engaged with the battle on climate change and is currently grappling with the complexities of putting in place an emissions trading scheme. The aim of this article is, first, to explain how the EU is contributing to the fight against climate change. In particular, I want to highlight how we already differentiate efforts within the EU among member states and different sectors, setting a real example of what could be done. Then I wish to outline some core elements for global burden sharing to be negotiated at the Copenhagen conference to be held under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in late 2009.
Executive power and the head of state: issues arising from proposals to establish a republic
Authors: Rose Dennis
Published: September 2018

In New Zealand executive power is concentrated in the hands of the prime minister and ministers, all being members of an elected parliament upon whose continuing support they depend. This substantive power relationship is embedded in a constitutional structure in which an appointed governor-general acts as head of state, as representative of the monarch, who is also the monarch of the United Kingdom. By convention and law the head of state acts on the advice of the prime minister and ministers in all but exceptional circumstances.
Strained or broken? The future(s) of the public service bargain
Authors: Lodge Martin
Published: September 2018

Over 60 years ago the first political science professor at Wellington’s Victoria University, Leslie Lipson, noted in his 1948 The Politics of Equality that: With the political parties the modern [New Zealand]civil service has struck a mutually beneficial bargain. By guaranteeing to public servants a life’s career and a pension, parties have foresworn the use of patronage and have guaranteed to the state’s employees their tenure of their jobs. In return the parties expect, and the public servants owe, equal loyalty to any government which the people have placed in office. (Lipson, 1948, p.479)
It’s the same this time? Cycles and depressions in New Zealand history
Authors: Easton Brian
Published: September 2018

It is said that a banker’s most dangerous expression is ‘It’s different this time’, a phrase used to justify repeating actions which proved mistaken in the past. The economist’s approach is a little different. Ideally, the same basic model should apply on all occasions. However, each time its application differs because:â€¢ the parameters are different;â€¢ the external shocks are different;â€¢ the policy institutions (and therefore their reaction functions) are different. As we face what may be the greatest financial crisis that New Zealand has ever experienced – albeit not necessarily the greatest economic crisis – we can try to use the experiences of the past to identify the underlying issues and the potential policy responses.
Punishment and correctional practice: ethical and rehabilitation implications
Authors: Ward Tony
Published: September 2018

Practitioners working in the criminal justice system pride themselves on their high standards of ethical behaviour and are typically adamant that the assessment and rehabilitation of offenders can proceed according to traditional, although possibly modified, professional codes of practice(Bush, Connell and Denny, 2006; Haag,2006; Levenson and D’Amora, 2005).The claim made by such individuals is that offender rehabilitation meets the ethical standards of mental health practice and does not involve coercion or punishment in any meaningful sense. However, some researchers have strongly contested this view and argue that the treatment of offenders departs so radically from traditional rehabilitation practice that it is best conceptualised as a form of punishment. According to this perspective, traditional professional codes are hopelessly inadequate to guide correctional and forensic interventions and ought to be replaced by legal frameworks (Glaser, 2003).
Closing windows and opening flood gates: recent climate change science and implications for climate policy
Authors: Reisinger Andy
Published: September 2018

The Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC), released in four volumes during2007, provides a commanding summary of global knowledge about climate change. It covers the scientific basis of climate change, its potential impacts, and response options through adaptation, mitigation and their links with sustainable development (IPCC,2007a, b, c, d).
Children, parenting and education: addressing the causes of offending
Authors: Kiro Cindy
Published: September 2018

Young people and adults who exhibit serious and persistent offending are usually found to have patterns of behaviour dating back to their early years. Findings from longitudinal studies and developments in neuroscience provide robust evidence of factors contributing to negative outcomes. The key to prevention lies in the early years and  parents having a good understanding of their role in shaping their children’s behaviour. This paper outlines the importance of early intervention and the role of parent education in ensuring that children do not develop negative patterns of behaviour that place them at risk of later offending.
Value for money from public services under continually constrained budgets: a strategic approach
Authors: Cook Len , Hughes Robert
Published: September 2018

The New Zealand economy in the early months of 2009 faces challenges of historicmagnitude. The size of the public sector in the New Zealand economy makes it arguably the most important single player to manage the current situation. We can expect Keynesian policies designed to stimulate spending by consumers and businesses to be important. The poor economic outlook and policies to stimulate the economy mean that the government is faced with severe constraints on budgets and strong pressures to achieve high value for the money  expended on public services.
American constitutionalism an impediment to the pursuit of fairness? Lessons from New Zealand political culture
Authors: Hunter Kerry L
Published: September 2018

Returning to America from an intensive five week study of New Zealand political culture, one thing really stands out: the New Zealand interest in asking what is fair. This is not to say that I can objectively establish that New Zealand is more fair than America. True, many New Zealand practices do seem fairer to me. For example, it definitely seems like the caretaker government conventions are more fair than the American norm of presidents making appointments and starting initiatives after losing an election. And I really do like New Zealand's Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC), which effectively eliminates ambulance chasing by lawyers.
Paid caregivers and domestic workers: some policy issues in relation to meeting future demand in New Zealand
Authors: Callister Paul , Badkar Juthika , Williams Jessie
Published: September 2018

In this paper we turn to two somewhat overlapping areas where we see potential future demand for lower-skill workers. These are domestic workers and caregivers for the elderly. In contrast to workers brought from overseas to pick fruit or prune vines, the workers we consider are either directly or indirectly caring for people. In this paper we consider the future demand for such workers; how we might meet this demand, particularly through migration; and, if we increasingly rely on migration, what are some of the key policy issues to consider.
The problem with defining core services
Authors: Reid Mike
Published: September 2018

One of the fundamental challenges faced by those who design governance systems involves determining at which level of government public decisions should be made, and whether the decisions are overwhelmingly political, managerial, technical, or should be left for citizens to make themselves. When designing democratic systems one of the critical considerations is ensuring that decision-making power is well distributed to avoid risks to citizens’ liberty. These questions are currently on the minds of people involved with local government.
Asia-Pacific growth Robert A. Buckle: before and after the Global Financial Crisis
Authors: Buckle Robert A
Published: September 2018

The modern era of globalisation has been associated with significant economic transformation around the world, but also an increasing frequency of financial crises. According to Eichengreen and Bordo (2002) there were 39 national or international financial crises between 1945 and 1973. Their frequency increased to 139 between 1973 and 1997, culminating in the Asian financial crisis. These crises occurred predominantly, but not exclusively, in emerging economies.
Diversity and democracy
Authors: Bromell David
Published: September 2018

A challenge for public policy in New Zealand, as elsewhere, is how to keep a diverse society democratic and, conversely, how to make democratic practice more inclusive in an increasingly diverse society.
Climate change and migration in the South Pacific region: policy perspectives
Authors: Boncour Philippe , Burson Bruce
Published: September 2018

The aim of this article is to outline some of the key issues and themes discussed at the Institute of Policy Studies symposium in July 2009 on ‘Climate Change and Migration in the South Pacific Region: policy perspectives’. The linkages between climate change, environmental degradation and migration are manifold and not always clearly perceived.
Two cheers for research
Authors: Stokes Terry
Published: September 2018

My title is an adaptation of a passage from an essay by E.M. Forster: Two cheers for democracy: one because it admits variety and two because it permits criticism. Two cheers are quite enough: there is no occasion to give three. His general point is that ‘there lies at the bottom of every creed something terrible and hard for which the worshipper may one day be required to suffer’ (ibid., p.76), and, in particular, that democracy, as an ideal, is not something we should place upon a pedestal and worship uncritically.
Electoral finance reform in New Zealand: a need for a conceptual framework
Authors: Mladenovic Alec
Published: September 2018

Democracies include arrangements which facilitate collective or social decision making in the formal public arena (Cohen, 2001, p.49; Geddis, 2003, p.53).1 These arrangements, established and supported by legal systems, comprise various ‘institutions, practices, and procedures’ (Geddis, 2003, p.53). They include voting rights, rules for the organisation of elections (voter eligibility, electoral or representation systems, electoral finance) and the framework for decision making by the legislature and executive (Cohen, 2001, p.49).
International emissions policy and agriculture
Authors: Melville Paul
Published: September 2018

The Copenhagen climate conference is now history and there is presently some debate on what the conference achieved and what the events that occurred there will mean for the future of international climate change negotiations.
A momentary lapse of reason?
Authors: Keey Geoff
Published: September 2018

What did the person on Easter Island say when cutting down the last tree? That was a question posed to US academic Professor Jared Diamond by a student in a lecture on how societies appear to knowingly overshoot their resources. He referred to the incident in his book Collapse: why civilisations choose to fail or survive, which describes a string of societal collapses as a result of failing to address environmental problems. Professor Diamond’s book ought to be compulsory reading for all the negotiators and politicians and their advisers involved in the climate negotiations because they are repeating errors Diamond identified in his book: wrong values, poor strategic choices and denial.
Free allocation in the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme: a critical analysis
Authors: Hood Christina
Published: September 2018

In November 2009 the government passed significant amendments to New Zealand’s emissions trading scheme (ETS), barely two months after the legislation was introduced. Submitters were given two weeks to make written submissions, and some were asked to appear for oral submissions with only a few hours notice. Very little economic analysis of the legislation was released by the government at the time or has been since.
REDD progress at Copenhagen
Authors: Belton Mark
Published: September 2018

While there has been widespread grief about the stalled UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) process following COP15 at Copenhagen, there were some areas of positive progress. One of the most notable was in the development of agreements on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). REDD was excluded from the Kyoto Protocol because at the time the policy and methodological issues were considered too difficult to resolve.
A second Bill of Rights for New Zealand?
Authors: Rishworth Paul
Published: September 2018

The Regulatory Responsibility Bill (RRB) would set out what it calls ‘principles of responsible regulation’ (clause 7). Regulation means all legislation, including secondary regulation and tertiary regulation such as codes and rules.
‘Regulatory Responsibility’: embedded neoliberalism and its contradictions
Authors: Kelsey Jane
Published: September 2018

The proposed Regulatory Responsibility Bill is part of the unfinished business of regime change (Wade, 2008) from Keynesian welfarism to neoliberalism between 1984 and 1994. The imposition of far-reaching pro-market disciplines on domestic regulation is intended to complement the codification of monetarism and fiscal austerity through the Reserve Bank Act 1989 and Fiscal Responsibility Act 1994 (since absorbed into the Public Finance Act). Although these disciplines are inscribed in ordinary legislation they are attributed a ‘constitutional’ standing that their proponents hope will embed them in perpetuity.
Transport infrastructure, lock-out and urban form: highway development in Auckland and the United States
Authors: Coleman Andrew
Published: September 2018

When travelling the world, it is impossible not to be struck by the different urban forms of the world’s great cities. Cities differ in size, age, shape and height. They have different housing styles and population densities. Some are concentrated around a mess of crooked streets, some are laid out around a planned grid, and some sprawl over wide areas. Many have a central waterfront, while others have ports several miles away. Cities also differ substantially in terms of their transport systems. There are walking cities, light railbased cities and subway cities. And there are also cities where public transport is little used, as most travelling occurs in private cars.
Evidence-based evaluation: Working for Families
Authors: St John Susan , Dale M Claire
Published: September 2018

One of the most important functions of the discipline of economics is to provide a rational basis for policy making. The role of evidence is at its heart, yet the scientific approach to social matters may also blind us to fundamental normative issues that must be faced before we can answer the question: does this policy make us better off?
The effect on household income of government taxation and expenditure in 1988, 1998, 2007 and 2010
Authors: Aziz Omar , Gibbons Matthew , Ball Chris , Gorman Emma
Published: September 2018

Governments change the resources available to households through both spending and taxation. This article examines the extent to which the government redistributes from high-to low-income households, and how this has changed since 1988. As well as covering market outcomes and the effects of personal income tax and cash benefits on the disposable incomes of households, the distribution of indirect taxes and of government expenditure on in-kind social services is calculated. The results reveal how government affects the distribution of post-tax income received by households, when income is defined considerably more broadly than usual. This article extends Treasury’s previous fiscal incidence study of 1988 and 1998 using 2007 and 2010 data.1
Sharing the private and public costs of tertiary education: do university students know how heavily their education is subsidised and how would increases in course fees change their study behaviour?
Authors: Baxter Rachel
Published: September 2018

The direct costs of tertiary education are shared between students and government on the basis that there are both private and public returns from tertiary education, and because the government has limited financial resources to commit towards tertiary education. However, the question ‘who should pay?’ is controversial. In 2005 the New Zealand general election was won arguably as a result of a promise to make student loans interest-free for New Zealand-based borrowers (Roy, 2011).
Out-of-Plane Vibration Analysis of Multiple-Stepped Circular Beam
Authors: Aslan Timuçin Alp , Temel Beytullah , Noori Ahmad Reshad
Published: September 2018

Stepped circular beams are widely used in various engineering fields. Thus, studying the free vibration characteristics of those structures is an essential subject of research. The unified approach of the Complementary Functions Method (CFM) and the Laplace transform is employed in this paper to examine the out-of-plane free vibration analyses of the circular Timoshenko beams with multiple stepped cross-section. The proposed procedure can be used to investigate the natural frequencies of circular rods consisting of an arbitrary number of steps through the curvature. The material of the beam considered to be isotropic, homogeneous and elastic. By considering the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia, the equations of motion of the circular beam are introduced. Obtained equations are transformed to the Laplace domain and solved numerically by the CFM. Comparisons of the results with those of ANSYS show that the suggested scheme is applicable and of high precision for out-of-plane free vibration analysis of multi-stepped circular beams.
National outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with an aftercare solution following piercings, July to September 2016, England
Authors: Evans Hannah , Bolt Hikaru , Heinsbroek Ellen , Lloyd Bryony , English Peter , Latif Samia , Elviss Nicola , Turton Jane , Hoffman Peter , Crook Paul , Puleston Richard ,   on behalf of the Outbreak Control Team
Published: September 2018

We report a national Pseudomonas aeruginosa outbreak from a common source following piercings between July and September 2016 in England. The multi-agency outbreak investigation included active case finding, microbiological testing of environmental samples and case specimens including Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) typing and a retrospective cohort study. Overall, 162 outbreak cases (29 confirmed, 14 probable and 119 possible) and 14 non-outbreak cases were identified; all confirmed cases had ear piercings (93% cartilage). Outbreak cases were predominantly female (95%) and had a median age of 18 years (interquartile range: 13–56 years). Nineteen outbreak cases required surgery under general anaesthetic The same outbreak VNTR type (11,3,5,3,3,3,6,4,7) was isolated from bottles of an aftercare solution from a single manufacturer and in specimens from confirmed cases who attended eight different piercing studios supplied with this product. In the cohort study, use of aftercare solution was associated with becoming a case (aOR: 4.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.65–12.90). Environmental, microbiological and epidemiological investigations confirmed that contamination during production of aftercare solution was the source of this national outbreak; highlighting challenges in the regulation of a cosmetic products used in the piercing industry and that guidance on piercing aftercare may need to be reviewed.
Analysis the Dimension of CSR Towards the Relationship Between Psychological Contract and Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Puspa Tiara , Wijaya Noval Juan
Published: September 2018

This research aims to analyze the dimension of corporate social responsibility (consisting of legal and economic) and its relationship to psychological contract, as well as the psychological contract that has relation to knowledge sharing. The object of this sample is employee’s PT Television Transformation Indonesia (Trans TV) in Jakarta. To test the hypotheses, this study distributed 265 surveys. Among these, 10 surveys were excluded because of incomplete responses. A total of 255 surveys were Analyzed by using the method of Structural Equation Model (SEM). The result shows that legal CSR and Economic CSR has no relation with psychological contract, but the psychological contract has significantly, the positive relation to knowledge sharing. Further research can take another sample from the different media industry.
Determinants of Indonesian Public Listed Companies to Participate in the Tax Amnesty
Authors: Pratama Arie
Published: September 2018

This exploratory research paper would investigate several motivations factors that drive the Indonesian public companies to participate in the Tax Amnesty program. The factors were divided into three: Tax Avoidance, Ownership Structures, and Corporate Governance. We also used profitability, size, and age as a control variable. The data collected from public companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data will be taken from 2011–2016 companies’ financial statement. There was 135 sample selected using purposive sampling. To analyze the results, we will use binary logistic regressions. The results showed that all the variables mentioned have significant influence toward company's decision to join tax amnesty. The research showed that companies’ decision to participate in Tax Amnesty contribute by many factors, however, in each of the factors, there are different views and perspectives.
Pleurotus Türlerinde Hasat Sonrası Uygulamaların Kaliteye Etkisi
Authors: AKAN Selen , YANMAZ Ruhsar
Published: September 2018

Yeryüzünde doğal olarak yetişen binlerce mantar türü
bulunmaktadır. Bu türlerden kültüre alınan ve Dünya’da yaygın üretimi
yapılabilen mantar türleri Agaricus bisporus,
Pleurotus spp., Lentinula edodes ve Flammulina
velutipes’dir. Ülkemizde de Agaricus bisporus’tan sonra en çok üretimi yapılan mantarlar Pleurotus spp türleridir. Bu mantarlar beslenme ve insan sağlığı
yönünden önemlidir.  Ancak diğer
mantarlarda olduğu gibi hasat sonrası ömürleri kısadır. Hasat sonrası ömrün
kısa olmasında ve kalite kayıplarının artmasında sıcaklık, nem ve hava
ortamının bileşimi etkilidir. Kalite kayıplarını azaltabilmek ve muhafaza
süresini uzatmak için farklı muhafaza tekniklerinin yanında kimyasal
uygulamalar da kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede Pleurotus spp. türlerinde mantarın hasat sonrası ömrünün
uzatılmasında kullanılan uygulamaların kalite üzerine etkisi konusunda yapılan
araştırma sonuçları dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Adıyaman İli Kuyulu Köyü Doğal Meralarının Kuru Ot Verimi, Kalitesi ve Botanik Kompozisyonu Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: POLAT Tahir , BUDAK Sinan , AKKAYA Gökhan
Published: September 2018

Bu araştırma; 2012-2013 yılında Adıyaman İli Kuyulu
Köyünde yürütülmüştür. Kuyulu köyünde, bulunan doğal meraların ot verimi,
kalitesi ve botanik kompozisyonu konusunda yapılan çalışmalarda korunan ve
otlatılan alanlar arasındaki farklılıklar incelenmiştir. Mera arazisi, korunan
alan ile otlatılan alan olarak ikiye ayrılmıştır. Korunan alandan elde edilen
kuru ot verimi 235.21 kg-1da elde edilirken, otlatılan alandan ise
64.15 kg-1da kuru ot verimi elde edilmiştir. Korunan alanda
buğdaygil kompozisyonu oranı % 74.88 baklagil değeri % 8.18, diğergillerin
değeri % 17.71, otlatılan alanda ise buğdaygil kompozisyonu oranı % 28.86
baklagil değeri % 3.08, diğergillerin değeri % 67.81 olarak saptanmıştır.
Transekt yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan çalışmalarda korunan alanın, otlatılan
alana göre baklagil, buğdaygil ve diğergiller, 
kaplama ve kompozisyon değerleri, bitkilerinin ot verimleri, kalitesi ve
botanik kompozisyonu açısından daha yüksek değerler taşıdığı saptanmıştır.
Ayrıca; mera durumu ve otlatma kapasitesi korunan alanda, otlatılan alana
oranla çok daha iyi olduğu yapılan çalışmalarda görülmüştür.
Kakaonun Boza Üretimine Etkisi ve Bozanın Bazı Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: SAĞLAM Hidayet , ÖZTÜRK Fatih , YAYLA Fatma , UYANSIZ Nurşah
Published: September 2018

Fermente gıda üretiminde farklı
hammaddeler kullanılmakta, bu hammaddelere ön işlemler uygulanmakta ve belirli
mikroorganizmalar bu ortamlarda çoğalmaktadır. Böylece hammaddeden daha
dayanıklı yeni ürünler elde edilmektedir. Bu ürünlerden biri de bozadır. Boza; mısır,
darı, pirinç gibi hububatların öğütülmesi, su eklenerek pişirilmesi, şeker ilave
edilmesi sonrasında ise alkol ve laktik asit fermantasyonlarına maruz
bırakılması ile elde edilen kıvamlı bir içecektir. Boza, birçok kişi tarafından
beğenilerek tüketildiği, buna karşılık özellikle yeni nesil tarafından pek
tercih edilmediği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile bozaya kakao eklenerek
bozanın albenisinin arttırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, normal üretim
tekniğine göre boza üretimi, normal üretim tekniğindeki hammaddelere kakao
ilave edilerek boza üretimi ve normal üretim tekniğine göre üretilen bozaya
sonradan kakao ilave edilmesi şeklinde üretilen 3 farklı boza, ticari boza ile
karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla kuru madde tayini, pH tayini, kül tayini, renk
analizi, viskozite, % alkol, mikrobiyolojik analizler ve duyusal analizler
yapılmıştır. Buna göre analizi yapılan bozaların kuru madde değerleri
%15,36-16,43 aralığında, pH değerleri 4.00-4.83, kül değerleri %0.07-0.13,
alkol %1.5-2, L* 32.21-66.16, a* -0.11 ile 10.49, b* 12.91-24.96, laktik asit
bakteri sayısı 1.0*104-3.2*108 kob/ml, maya ve küf sayısı
2.0*104-1.3*108 kob/ml aralığında tespit edilmiştir.
Eklenen kakaonun vizkoziteyi etkilemediği belirlenmiştir. Duyusal analiz
sonuçlarına göre kakaolu bozaların beğenildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bütün
sonuçlar incelendiğinde kakaolu bozaların normal bozalardaki standartlara uygunluk
gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Kakao eklenmesi ile birlikte bozanın beğenilmeyen tat
ve kıvamında önemli değişiklikler elde edilmiş olup albenisinin arttığı
gözlemlenmiştir.
The Effects of Stocking Density on Growth Performance of Pekin Ducks
Authors: Eratalar Sabri Arda
Published: September 2018

The experiment was designed to investigate the
effects of actual stocking density on the growth performance parameters in
Pekin ducks. A total of 240 ducklings were used with stocking densities of 3, 5
and 7 poults m-2 during the
42 day growing period. Live Weight, Live Weight Gain, Feed Consumption, Feed
Conversion Ratio, Mortality Rate and Productivity Index parameters were
investigated to determine growth performance. As the stocking density
decreases, LW values were found to be increasing visibly after 3 weeks of age
(P<0.05), Live Weight Gain and Total Live Weight values were found to be
increasing after first week (P<0.05). The achieved total live weight in unit
area increases parallel to increasing stocking density catching the peak at 7
ducklings m-2 stocking density (P<0.05). Stocking density was
found to be affecting Feed Conversion values and from first week of age, Feed
Conversion was found to be increasing by declining stocking density
(P<0.05). Therewithal, Feed Conversion Ratio was found to be increasing with
declining stocking density till the third week of age (P<0.05) but,
hereafter this effect was disappeared (P>0.05). Mortality occurred in the
trial was found not to be affected by Stocking Density (P>0.05), whereas by
declining Stocking Density, Productivity Index was found to be increasing
however in parallel Live Weight per unit area was also found to be decreasing
together (P<0.05). When a general revision is made from the research,
increasing Stocking Density has a positive effect on performance parameters of
Pekin ducks except Total Live Weight per unit area.
Ayçiçeği pektiniyle enkapsüle edilen hidrofilik ve lipofilik kırmızı renklendiricilerin hidrojel ve emülsiyon hidrojellerindeki stabilitesi
Authors: Coşkun Özgenur , Gülseren İbrahim
Published: September 2018

Hidrojeller ve parçacık
içeren hidrojeller (emülsiyon jelleri), hidrofilik ve lipofilik boyaların enkapsülasyonunda
kullanıma uygunluk arz eden enkapsülasyon sistemleridir. Bu çalışmada, ayçiçeği
pektini bazlı hidrojellerde ve emülsiyon hidrojellerinde sırasıyla hidrofilik
(Ponceau S) ve lipofilik kırmızı (metil kırmızısı) model boyar maddelerin stabilize
edilmesi incelenmiştir. Bütün deneylerde, pektin hidrojellerinin kırmızı boyar
maddeleri enkapsüle etme kabiliyeti bulgulanmıştır. Hidrofilik Ponceau S
taşıyan hidrojellere kıyasla parçacık içeren emülsiyon jellerinde daha yüksek miktarlarda
metil kırmızısı taşınması mümkün olmuştur. Her iki durumda da, boyar maddelerin
jel matrislerinden salınımı 2 hafta boyunca izlenmiştir. Enkapsülasyon veriminin
(%EV) pektin konsantrasyonunun ve boyar maddenin kimyasal özelliklerinin bir
fonksiyonu olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Boya salınım miktarları genellikle <%10
olarak gerçekleştiği için enkapsülasyon sistemleri kararlı olarak
nitelendirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla
bu çalışmada hem boyaların etkili bir yöntemle stabilizasyonu, hem de tarımsal
bir yan ürünümüzün değerlendirilmesi söz konusudur.
Ağrı İlinde Hububat Alanlarında Zararlı Süne, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) ve Yumurta Parazitoiti Trissolcus grandis (Thomson 1861) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)’in Yayılış Alanları
Authors: Alaserhat İsmail , Canbay Adnan
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışma, Ağrı ili hububat alanlarında zararlı Eurygaster (Süne) türleri (Hemiptera:
Scutelleridae) ile yumurta parazitoitlerinin tespiti ve yayılış alanlarının
belirlenmesi amacıyla 2012-2014 yılarında yürütülmüştür. Süne türleri ve
parazitoitlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla hububat ekili alanlarda gözle inceleme
metodu uygulanmıştır. Sürveylerde ergin dönemdeki süne ve yumurta paketlerinden
örnekler alınarak laboratuvara getirilmiştir. Laboratuvarda kültüre alınan
yumurta paketlerinden parazitoitler elde edilmiştir. Sürveyler amaca uygun
olarak vejatasyon denemi boyunca düzensiz aralıklarla (15-30 gün) araziye
gidilerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda hububat alanlarında sadece E. integriceps Puton 1881 türü
belirlenirken bu türün yumurta parazitoiti olarak Trissolcus grandis (Thomson 1861) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) türü
belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca E. integriceps ve
yumurta parazitoiti olan T. grandis’in
il genelindeki yayılış alanları çalışma sonucunda tespit edilmiştir.
The Effects Of Canning Process On The Properties Of Marathon And Sultan Varieties Of Broccoli
Authors: Ünsal Ahmet Sabri , Hayoğlu Gülseren
Published: September 2018

In this study, the suitability of
broccoli which cultivated within the scope of Southeastern Anatolia Project for
canning was aimed. For this purpose, the effects of different boiling liquids
and storage time on broccoli canned foods were investigated. Marathon and
Sultan broccoli varieties were used as plant materials. The broccolies were
boiled in cooking liquid including 0.1% (w/v) citric acid, 1.7% (w/v) salt and
0.1% (w/v) citric acid + 1.7% (w/v) salt.  As the filling liquid, a solution containing
0.1% (w/v) citric acid and 1.7% (w/v) salt was used. The filled glass jars were
autoclaved at 116°C for 25 minutes. The canned broccolies were stored at room
temperature for 9 months and taken into analyses with 3 months increments. According
to the results obtained, it was concluded that sterilization caused the
formation of a soft texture in broccoli, throughout storage. However, the
values of drained weight, net weight, ratio of drained weight to net weight,
top space of jars as well as the rate of filling did not change significantly. During
the storage, the rate of ascorbic acid has decreased. As a result of the
sensory evaluation, both varieties were preferred by panelists.
Stronsiyum Katkılı Biyocam ve Bakır Nanoparçacıklarından 3D Kompozit Yapı İskelesi Üretimi
Authors: ÖZYUĞURAN-ARİFOĞLU Ayşe
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışmada, çözücü
döküm ve tanecik uzaklaştırma yöntemi kullanılarak, çok işlevli yapı
iskelelerinin geliştirilmesi için ilgili iyonlarla BG / polimer 3D kompozit
yapı iskelelerinin üretilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gözenekli yapıya sahip yapı
iskeleleri başarıyla sentezlenmiş ve yapı iskelelerinin mikroyapısında iyi bir
gözenek bağlantısının bulunduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Kompozit yapı iskelelerinin in
vitro biyoaktivitesi; Taramalı Elektron Mikroskopisi (SEM), X-ışını kırınımı ve
Fourier-Dönüşümlü Kızılötesi Spektroskopi ölçümleri ile teyit edilmiştir. Bunun
dışında, terapötik iyonların salınımının; SBF'de kalma sürelerinin bir
fonksiyonu olarak, stronsiyum ve bakır iyonları için sırasıyla 1.27-5.36 ppm ve
1.53-5.42 ppm aralığında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç yapı iskelelerinin,
kemik dokusu rejenerasyonunun belirleyicisi olan SBF ortamına, stronsiyum ve
bakır dozlarının kontrollü olarak verebileceğini göstermiştir.
Perbandingan Algoritma K-Means dengan Fuzzy C-Means Untuk Clustering Tingkat Kedisiplinan Kinerja Karyawan
Authors: Agustina Nova , Prihandoko Prihandoko
Published: September 2018

STT Bandung merupakan perguruan tinggi swasta yang memiliki potensi besar untuk menjadi perguruan tinggi terkemuka di Kota Bandung. Untuk mencapai tujuan perguruan tinggi, salah satu tahap yang harus dilakukan adalah evaluasi kinerja karyawan, yakni dengan pemantauan kedisiplinan karyawan. Untuk memudahkan penentuan tingkat kedisiplinan karyawan maka diperlukan teknik data mining untuk mengklaster data. Pada data mining terdapat beberapa metode klaster data, yang sering digunakan adalah metode K-Means dengan Fuzzy C-Means. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan kedua metode tersebut mengelompokan data kinerja karyawan menjadi 3 kluster, yakni tingkat kinerja tinggi, tingkat kinerja sedang dan tingkat kinerja rendah. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode Fuzzy C-Means adalah metode yang lebih baik dibandingkan K-Means untuk melakukan mengklasteran data pada tingkat kinerja karyawan  di STT Bandung karena nilai validasinya bernilai mendekati 1.

Kata kunci : Data Mining, Perbandingan, K-Means, Fuzzy C-Means
Modelación de la mezcla grano- cáscara en una máquina limpiadora de higuerilla (Ricinus communis L.)
Authors: Cruz Meza Pedro , López Canteñs Gilberto de Jesús , García Silva Samuel , Márquez Rosano Conrado , Romanchik Kriuchkova Eugenio , Reséndiz Cantera Omar
Published: September 2018

En la actualidad la limpieza de los granos por medio del vacío se está difundiendo, en el desarrollo de equipos agrícolas, debido a la ausencia de polvo en el área de trabajo. Un problema habitual es la acumulación del material en sectores conflictivos del sistema de limpieza, como en lugares de cambios bruscos de dirección o de sección en los tubos. En particular, resulta de especial interés, el componente que distribuye el flujo, dado que un correcto diseño debe asegurar una distribución homogénea del caudal del aire y el material, sin atascamientos (acumulaciones). El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el comportamiento de los granos y cáscaras de la higuerilla (Ricinus communis L.) en el sistema de limpieza mediante la técnica de la dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD) y la trayectoria de la partícula en la salida del ventilador, para determinar la velocidad mínima adecuada. En la simulación se utilizaron los modelos k-épsilon y DPM (modelo de fase discreta) de ANSYS FLUENT. Un banco de prueba y una estructura metálica se construyó e instrumentó para comparar los resultados experimentales y los computacionales. La comparación de los resultados mostró una buena concordancia cualitativa y cuantitativa (R2= 82%) en el perfil de la velocidad. El promedio de la velocidad fue de 5.98 y 5.09 ms-1 para la estimada y experimental respectivamente. La desviación estándar fue de 1.85 y 1.63 ms-1 para la velocidad estimada y experimental respectivamente. Finalmente, el modelo de la trayectoria de la partícula predice adecuadamente la distribución del material en la salida del ventilador.
Biocompuesto cemento tepexil reforzado con fibras de Agave angustifolia Haw. como mortero ligero
Authors: Olivera Andy A. , Caballero Caballero Magdaleno , Alavéz Ramírez Rafael , Chiñas Castillo Fernando , Montes Bernabé José Luis , Silva Rivera María Eugenia
Published: September 2018

El bagazo de agave es un material residual que se obtiene en el proceso del mezcal. La acumulación de este material se considera un problema ambiental en las comunidades que producen esta bebida espirituosa de forma artesanal. Este residuo contiene fibras óptimas para su uso como material de refuerzo, obteniéndose un valor agregado y reduciendo la contaminación ambiental. En el desarrollo de un nuevo material, se necesita conocer sus propiedades mecánicas. Para saber si el nuevo material es factible, una de las propiedades más importantes es la resistencia a la compresión. Para este trabajo se tuvo como objetivo determinar la resistencia a la compresión de un material biocompuesto de matriz cemento/tepexil, reforzado con fibras de bagazo de agave. Para la obtención del material, las fibras fueron lavadas con agua con una hidrolavadora, secadas a la intemperie durante 7 h y molidas en un molino de cuchillas a 1 mm de longitud. Posteriormente, se trataron con una solución acuosa de hidróxido de calcio al 10%, durante 34 h. Se realizaron cinco distintas formulaciones con diferentes proporciones de fibra/tepexil. La resistencia a la compresión se midió en una máquina universal Geotest a 7, 14 y 28 días. Se observó que en el aumento de la proporción de fibras hay una disminución en la resistencia a la compresión y densidad del material biocompuesto. La proporción óptima de fibras fue de 1:0:1 (cemento Portland:tepexil:fibra), con una resistencia a la compresión de 6.19 MPa y una densidad de 1 366.73 kg/m3 a los 28 días.
Rendimiento de maíz grano con y sin fertilización en el estado de Campeche
Authors: Medina Méndez Angel Juan , Alejo Santiago Gelacio , Soto Rocha Jesús M. , Hernández Pérez Mirna
Published: September 2018

El maíz es de gran importancia para el estado de Campeche con base en el número de productores y la superficie cultivada, debido a ello es un cultivo prioritario para la investigación y transferencia de tecnología. En la presente investigación se tuvo como principal objetivo determinar el efecto de la fertilización sobre el rendimiento de grano. Se utilizaron 11 híbridos, los cuales se sometieron a dos ambientes, con y sin fertilización. El experimento se abasteció solo con el agua de lluvia. El análisis estadístico mostró diferencias altamente significativas entre los tratamientos de fertilización y los híbridos. El tratamiento sin fertilización registró el promedio de rendimiento más bajo. La respuesta promedio a la fertilización fue de 1 231 kg ha-1 y estuvo en un rango de 749 a 2 558 kg ha-1. Por otra parte, aunque todos los híbridos respondieron positivamente a la fertilización, esta respuesta fue diferencial, influida por la interacción genotipo-ambiente. La fertilización estuvo valuada en $2 900 ha-1, equivalente a 878 kg de grano a precios corrientes de 2017. Con fertilización los mejores materiales fueron 7W69C, MH-9058 con rendimiento medios de 6 172, 6 004 kg ha-1, lo que representa ingresos netos de 9 743 y 9 188 pesos por hectárea, respectivamente, lo anterior se traduce en una productividad de 0.97 y 0.92 pesos por metro cuadrado. Asimismo, en el maíz no fertilizado, los mejores materiales fueron DKB-399 y 7W79C, con rendimientos medios de 5 185 y 4 748 kg ha-1, lo que da lugar a ingresos netos de 9 386 y 7 943 pesos por hectárea, respectivamente y se traduce en una productividad de 0.94 y 0.79 pesos por metro cuadrado. La fórmula de fertilización 110-46-00 aplicada al maíz, ocasionó un incremento del ingreso neto que en promedio fue de $1 162 ha-1, que podría ascender a $3 815 ha-1 en promedio, si se utilizan los híbridos más sobresalientes.
Análisis de condiciones higrotérmicas para las gallinas de postura en el estado de Oaxaca
Authors: Rosario Díaz Ángel , Alavéz Ramírez Rafael , Caballero Caballero Magdaleno , Chiñas Castillo Fernando , Montes Bernabé José Luis , Silva Rivera María Eugenia
Published: September 2018

Para el diseño pasivo y la ubicación de una granja avícola se requiere conocer el régimen térmico del ambiente y el de las gallinas de postura. Las condiciones extremas pueden ocasionar la muerte por estrés calórico a las aves además de una importante baja en la producción. El objetivo de este trabajo fue elaborar el análisis estadístico del polígono de confort horario de las gallinas de postura con base a el índice de temperatura y humedad (ITH), para los 9 bioclimas en el estado de Oaxaca. Inicialmente se recabaron datos bibliográficos para determinar la zona de confort térmico y los ITH óptimos. Posteriormente, se determinó que se cumple con los rangos propuestos por todos los autores para una mejor producción con los valores de temperatura de confort para las gallinas, en el rango entre 18 °C - 22 °C y humedad relativa entre 60% - 70%. Después se realizó un análisis horario de las condiciones higrotérmicas en las que se encuentra el ave mediante el cálculo del ITH horario. Los resultados muestran que las gallinas de postura presentan una condición higrotérmica de emergencia y de peligro durante el año en la siguiente proporción: bioclima cálido 20.14% en condición de emergencia y 32.99% en condición de peligro; bioclima cálido húmedo 4.86% en condición de emergencia y 38.54% en condición de peligro; bioclima cálido seco en 1.74% en condición de emergencia y 18.75% en condición de peligro.
Sistema mecatrónico para el control de los dosificadores de fertilizante y pesticida granulados de una sembradora-fertilizadora
Authors: Torres Sandoval Julio , Romantchik Kriuchkova Eugenio , López Cruz Irineo L. , López Canteñs Gilberto De J.
Published: September 2018

Las máquinas de dosificación variable hacen uso de sistemas mecatrónicos para el accionamiento y control de los dosificadores, reemplazando los sistemas mecánicos tradicionales constituidos por una rueda motriz, transmisión por cadenas y engranes. Los sistemas mecatrónicos permiten un cambio continuo y en tiempo real de la dosis de aplicación. En este trabajo se desarrolló un sistema mecatrónico para el control de los dosificadores de fertilizante y pesticida granulado, el cual fue adaptado a una sembradora-fertilizadora. El sistema está basado en microcontroladores como unidad de procesamiento y control, además de motores de corriente directa con codificadores para accionar a los dosificadores. Los cambios de la dosis de aplicación se logran con el control de la frecuencia de rotación de los dosificadores, utilizando la técnica de modulación por ancho de pulso y el control proporcional-integral-derivativo o proporcional-integral. El desempeño del sistema mecatrónico, para controlar la frecuencia de rotación del dosificador de fertilizante permite un tiempo de levantamiento menor a un segundo, sobreelongación máxima de 14% y tiempo de asentamiento de 1.5 a 2 segundos en frecuencias que van de 5 a 35 rev/min.  En el caso del dosificador de pesticida, el tiempo de levantamiento es menor a un segundo, sobre elongación máxima menor al 10%, y tiempo de asentamiento de 1.5 segundos para frecuencias superiores a 100 rev/min, en frecuencias menores a este valor las variaciones de la señal de control rebasan el ±5%. De manera global, el desempeño del SM cumple con los requerimientos de las máquinas de dosificación variable