bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The U. S. Army Reactive Topical Skin Protectant (rTSP):
Challenges and Successes
Authors: Hobson Stephen T. , Lehnert Erich K. , Braue Ernest H.
Published: May 2019

In 1994, the U. S. Army initiated a research effort towards an effective
material that acts both as a protective barrier and as an active destructive
matrix against chemical warfare agents (CWA). We report results on our
preparation and evaluation of Reactive Topical Skin Protectants (rTSP's).
These creams are composite materials consisting of a base material (TSP) and
a reactive moiety. Using an established base of perfluorinated-polyether and
perfluoropolyethylene solids we incorporated over 60 reactive components.
Classes tested include organic polymers, organic/inorganic hybrid materials,
polyoxometallates (POM's), enzymes, inorganic oxides, metal alloys and small
molecules. We characterized these materials by light microscopy and FTIR. We
determined the efficacy of these materials against both sulfur mustard (HD)
and a representative nerve agent, soman (GD), using a penetration cell model
coupled to a continuous air monitor and also by in vivo
testing. Composite materials with optimum reactive compounds exhibit a 94%
reduction of GD vapor break-through after 20 hours (from 9458 ng to 581 ng)
and a 3.6 fold increase (from 162 min to 588 min) in the time 1000 ng of GD
liquid penetrates through the material. Similar composite materials show a
99% reduction in HD vapor break-through after 20 hours (from 4040 ng to 16
ng), a 2.3 fold increase (from 524 min to >1200 min) in the time 1000 ng
of HD vapor penetrates through the material, and an elimination of erythema
versus control in an HD vapor challenge. These results indicate that an rTSP
that protects against sulfur mustard and nerve agents is within reach.
Crosslinked Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Thin Films for Corrosion
Resistance: Spectroscopic and Salt Spray Characterization
Authors: Metrokeand Tammy L. , Knobbe Edward T.
Published: May 2019

Spray-coated, R-Si (OR')3 / TMOS (R = epoxide), thin films are
being investigated as room temperature curing corrosion resistant coatings
for 2024-T3 aluminum alloy. Solid state 1H-13C CP/MAS
NMR indicates that primary aliphatic amines and super acids are effective
crosslinkers for epoxide groups in aqueous ormosil systems. Incorporation of
a crosslinking agent into the coating was found to reduce the cure time of
the deposited film from >7 days to approximately 30 min. Accelerated salt
spray and filiform corrosion resistance tests were conducted to determine
the effects of crosslinking on the corrosion resistance behavior of ormosil
thin films. The choice of curing agent was found to influence film structure
and corrosion resistance properties. Amine cured thin films were hard and
highly adherent to the aluminum alloy substrates, exhibiting excellent bare
and filiform corrosion resistance, in addition to good compatibility with
organic polymer paint systems. In contrast, the adhesion and corrosion
resistance of super acid cured thin films to aluminum alloy substrates was
significantly less, producing films which readily delaminated from the
substrate. These observations can be related to the film structure.
Hybrid Inorganic/Organic Diblock Copolymers. Nanostructure in
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Polynorbornenes.
Authors: Haddad Timothy S. , Mather Patrick T. , Jeon Hong G. , Chun Seung B. , Phillips Shawn H.
Published: May 2019

Our main approach to the synthesis and study of hybrid organic/inorganic
materials involves incorporating nano-size inorganic polyhedral oligomeric
silsesquioxane (POSS) clusters into various polymeric resins. A typical POSS
cluster is a discrete silicon and oxygen framework solubilized with organic
groups and contains a single reactive site. This lone site of reactivity is
used to covalently attach the inorganic macromers pendent to a polymer
backbone without causing any crosslinking. This strategy permits the
synthesis of melt processable, linear hybrid polymers containing pendent
inorganic clusters, and allows us to study the effect these clusters have on
chain motion, polymer properties and morphology. The synthesis of
norbornenyl-based (POSS) macromers, their ring opening metathesis
copolymerizations with varying amounts of norbornene, and analysis of the
effect of the pendent POSS group is presented. Ring opening metathesis
polymerization permits the easy synthesis of both random and diblock
copolymers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) clearly images POSS-rich
domains against the POSS-free regions. Major differences in polymer
morphology are observed as the amount of inorganic POSS is varied, between
random and diblock copolymers, as well as between polymers that differ only
in the solubilizing cycloalkyl groups on the POSS cluster.
New Insightl into the Structure-Property Relationships of Hybrid
(Inorganic/Organic) Poss™ Thermoplastics
Authors: Phillips Shawn H. , Blanski Rusty L. , Svejda Steven A. , Haddad Timothy S. , Lee Andre , Lichtenhan Joseph D. , Plastics Hybrid , Feher Frank J. , Mather Patrick T. , Hsiao Benjamin S.
Published: May 2019

The demand for multi-purpose, high-performance polymer systems has resulted
in a need for advancing polymer properties beyond what traditional systems
can offer. Only through control/alteration at the molecular level can one
maximize property enhancements to meet current military and commercial
needs. Over the last seven years the Air Force Research Laboratory has
developed and incorporated discrete Si-O frameworks (POSS = Polyhedral
Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes) into traditional organic polymer systems. This
research has resulted in new hybrid inorganic-organic polymer systems with
remarkable enhancements in mechanical and physical properties including
dramatic increases in both glass transition and decomposition temperatures,
reduced flammability, increased moduli and oxidation resistance. We have
shown that these enhancements result from the chemical composition (Si-O
core) and size (∼15 A in diameter) of the POSS frameworks, and can be
copolymerized, grafted, or even blended using traditional processing
methods. Recently, we have focused our efforts on understanding and
controlling the molecular level interactions between POSS frameworks and the
polymer matrix. The development of new POSS monomers has allowed us to study
how functionality, size, and geometry enhances the bulk properties of these
hybrid materials. For example, increasing the solubility of side groups on
the POSS framework results in greater POSS-polymer matrix interactions and
increased Tg and storage moduli. Recent studies with POSS blends
have resulted in increases in hardness, and reductions in dielectric
constants and coefficients of thermal expansion. New results in polymer
synthesis, characterization, and applications will be discussed with a
strong emphasis on the versatility of this new nanotechnology to many
polymer systems.
On the Properties of an Ion Conductive System Incorporated in
Hybrid Films
Authors: González G. , Retuert P. J. , Fuentes S.
Published: May 2019

Blending the biopolymer chitosan (CHI) with poly (aminopropilsiloxane)
oligomers (pAPS), and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) in the presence of lithium
perchlorate lead to ion conducting products whose conductivity depends on
the composition of the mixture. A ternary phase diagram for mixtures
containing 0.2 M LiClO4 shows a zone in which the physical
properties of the products - transparent, flexible, mechanically robust
films - indicate a high degree of molecular compatibilization of the
components. Comparison of these films with binary CHI-pAPS nanocomposites as
well as the microscopic aspect, thermal behavior, and X-ray diffraction
pattern of the product with the composition PEO/CHI/pAPS/LiClO4
1:0.5:0.6:0.2 molar ratio indicates that these films may be described as a
layered nanocomposite. In this composite, lithium species coordinated by PEO
and pAPS should be inserted into chitosan layers. Electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy measurements indicate the films are pure ionic conductors with
a maximal bulk conductivity of 1.7*10-5 Scm-1 at 40 °C
and a sample-electrode interface capacitance of about 1.2*10-9
F.
Patterned Functional Arrays by Selective
De-Wetting
Authors: Fan Hongyou , Doshi Dhaval , Lu Yunfeng , Lopez Gabriel P. , Jeffrey Brinker C.
Published: May 2019

Using a micro-Contact Printing (μ-CP) technique, substrates
are prepared with patterns of hydrophilic, hydroxyl-terminated SAMs and
hydrophobic methyl-terminated SAMs. Beginning with a homogeneous solution of
silica, surfactant, ethanol, water, and functional silane, preferential
ethanol evaporation during dip-coating, causes water enrichment and
selective de-wetting of the hydrophobic SAMs. Correspondingly, film
deposition occurs exclusively on the patterned hydrophilic SAMs. In
addition, by co-condensation of tetrafunctional silanes (Si(OR)4)
with tri-functional organosilanes
((RO)3Si(CH2)3NH2), we have
selectively derived the silica framework with functional amine
NH2 groups. A pH sensitive, micro-fluidic system was formed by
further conjugation reactions with pH sensitive dye molecules.
Structural, Thermal, and Thermomechanical Behaviors of
Phenolic-Inorganic Hybrid Composites
Authors: Amanuel Samuel , Malhotra Vivak M.
Published: May 2019

In pursuit of our goal of forming organic-inorganic hybrid frictional
materials, we produced two types of composites, i.e., conventional and
hybrid. We formed conventional composites by dispersing fly ash,
montmorillonite clay, or pre-formed nano-sized silica particles in phenolic
matrix. Hybrid composites were fabricated from sol-gel technique using
tetramethylor-thosilicate-phenolic mixtures. We subjected our samples to
X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC), in-situ transmission-Fourier transform infrared
(ISTA-FTIR), and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) measurements at 40°C <
T < 310°C. Our results suggested that the curing behavior of the phenolic
polymer was affected by the concentration of the silica and hybrid
composites manifested mechanical properties, which were substantially
different from that of conventional composites.
New Structure of CTAB Templated Silica Films as revealed by
GISAXS coupled to HRTEM
Authors: Besson Sophie , Jacquiod Catherine , Gacoin Thierry , Naudon André , Ricolleau Christian , Boilot Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2019

A microstructural study on surfactant templated silica films is performed by
coupling traditional X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electronic
Microscopy (TEM) to Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (GISAXS).
By this method it is shown that spin-coating of silicate solutions with
cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a templating
agent provides 3D hexagonal structure (space group P63/mmc) that
is no longer compatible with the often described hexagonal arrangement of
tubular micelles but rather with an hexagonal arrangement of spherical
micelles. The extent of the hexagonal ordering and the texture can be
optimized in films by varying the composition of the solution.
Hybrid Micro-Optical Sensors via Sol-Gel Soft
Lithography
Authors: Clarner Mark A. , Lochhead Michael J.
Published: May 2019

Organically modified silica gels and dye-doped silica gels have been
patterned into micrometer-scale structures on a substrate using micro
molding in capillaries (MIMIC). This approach is from a class of elastomeric
stamping and molding techniques collectively known as soft lithography. Soft
lithography and sol-gel processing share attractive features in that they
are relatively benign processes performed at ambient conditions, which makes
both techniques compatible with a wide variety of organic molecules,
molecular assemblies, and biomolecules. The combination of sol-gel and soft
lithography, therefore, holds enormous promise as a tool for
microfabrication of materials with optical, chemical, or biological
functionality that are not readily patterned with conventional methods. This
paper describes our investigation of micro-patterned organic-inorganic
hybrid materials containing indicator dyes for microfluidic sensor
applications. Reversible colorimetric pH sensing via entrapped reagents is
demonstrated in a prototype microfluidic sensor element. Patterned
structures range from one to tens of micrometers in cross-section and are up
to centimeters in length. Fundamental chemical processing issues associated
with mold filling, cracking and sensor stability are discussed.
THỬ NGHIỆM ĐỒNG HOÁ SỐ LIỆU ĐỘ CAO SÓNG TRONG KHU VỰC BIỂN ĐÔNG BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP LỌC KALMAN TỔ HỢP
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Trung , Huan Nguyen Minh , Tien Tran Quang
Published: May 2019

Advances in ocean data assimilation have been improved with the power of computers over the past 30 years, but the theory of data assimilation has a long history with the probability, theory of mathematical simulation, and traditional numerical calculations. Therefore, the research and application of data assimilation technology in oceanography have been widely carried out in the world and have gotten considerable achievements. In Vietnam, the study of data assimilation has also been applied in the meteorology and has attracted the increasing interest in oceanography. This paper presents the results of the study to calculate the wave height data from satellites combined with measured wave height data at MSP1 station of Vietsovpetro using the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) method associated with SWAN wave model in the Eastern Vietnam Sea.
OPTIMIZATION OF OPERATING FRACTURING PARAMETERS FOR IMPROVING OIL PRODUCTION IN LOWER OLIGOCENE E RESERVOIR USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD, OFFSHORE VIETNAM: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Huu Truong Nguyen
Published: May 2019

In the recent days, hydraulic fracturing technique has been widely used to improve oil production with different reservoir characteristics such as low or high formation permeability, low or high formation porosity, formation damage. However, previous research did not mention the optimization for fracturing parameters including the injection rate, injection time, and leak-off coefficient to stimulate the Oligocene E reservoir, which is based on optimum oil production performance at which maximum net present value has been achieved. The problems in the Oligocene reservoir are too low production rate due to high reservoir depth, high closure pressure up to 7,700 psi, low reservoir permeability, low porosity and geological structure with heterogeneous reservoir, high temperature, resulting in low conductivity. To deal with these problems, fracturing technique is the best choice to stimulate this reservoir. The study focuses on optimizing fracturing parameters by applying the CCD and RSM  by which economic production performance has been maximized at 119 $ in 10 years. The optimum fracturing parameters have been found as injection rate of 47 bpm, injection time of 119 minutes and leak-off coefficient of 0.003 ft/min0.5 in 50 pounds per thousand gallons of polymer (HPG). The optimal fracture geometry has been obtained with the fracture half-length of 1,449.44 ft and fracture width of 0.567 in. The rest of experimental laboratory is to measure fracture conductivity at 3,400 mD.ft in terms of proppant fracture concentration of 1.78 lb/ft2 and high closure pressure of 7700 psi. The post fractured well shows an increase in oil productivity of 7.5 folds.
EFFECT OF HULL AND ACCOMMODATION SHAPE ON AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCES OF A SMALL SHIP
Authors: Toan Ninh Cong , He Ngo Van
Published: May 2019

In marine transportation, aerodynamic performance is important for the ships, especially for the small passenger fast ships. It has affected the service speed, air resistance acting on hull, power energy as well as roll, pitch, yaw and stability of the ships. Moreover, the aerodynamic performance also directly affects the passengers, captains or employments who work on the ships. For a bad aerodynamic performance hull shape, it may make an accident in marine transportation. In this paper, the authors present a study on effect of hull shape on aerodynamic performance of a small passenger fast ship by using a commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Several hull forms with different shapes are proposed and computed to show their aerodynamic performances. From the comparison between different CFD results of the ships, the effects of hull shape on aerodynamic performances of the ships  are understood.
USING THE COMBINATION OF THE 3D GRAVITY INVERSION METHOD WITH THE DIRECTIONAL ANALYTIC SIGNAL DERIVATIVES AND THE CURVATURE GRAVITY GRADIENT TENSOR METHOD TO DETERMINE STRUCTURE OF THE PRE-CENOZOIC BASEMENT ON SOUTHEAST CONTINENTAL SHELF OF VIETNAM
Authors: Dung Nguyen Kim , Thanh Do Duc , Vuong Hoang Van , Thu Duong Thi Hoai
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we present some new results of the Pre-Cenozoic basement structure on the Southeast continental shelf of Vietnam based on the combination of some modern methods to analyse and interpret gravity data. They are the 3D gravity inversion method, the directional analytic signal derivatives and the curvature gravity gradient tensor. The results obtained include the density distribution, the fault system and the main structural blocks inside of the Pre-Cenozoic basement on Southeast continental shelf of Vietnam. The initial results about density distribution show that it relatively clearly reflects the shape of basins in the area: The contours that have value σ =2.7 g/cm3 and value σ = 2.76 g/cm3 are near the edges of the Cuu Long basin and the Nam Con Son basin, respectively. The density value reaches the maximum at the center of basins. For the Cuu Long basin, the maximum value is σmax= 2.76 g/cm3 and the Nam Con Son has maximum value σmax= 3.0 g/cm3. Many faults that appear in the study area have the existence depth in the wide range from 6 km to 30 km, even above 30 km and the faults that have the existence depth from 8 to 10 km are in the majority. In particular, the boundary of anomalous sources existing in the Pre-Cenozoic basement is shown by the better resolution, at which more edge points are identified than the maximum horizontal gradient amplitude method that is widely used. The results also show that the combination of individual results complements each other and creats the sufficient and clearer picture inside of the Pre-Cenozoic basement.
PRESENT-DAY STRESS FIELD AND RELATIVE DISPLACEMENT TENDENCY OF THE EARTH'S CRUST IN THE PARACEL ISLANDS AND ADJACENT AREA
Authors: Dung Tran Tuan , Kulinich R. G. , Tram Ngo Thi Bich , Minh Nguyen Quang , Dai Nguyen Ba , Duong Tran Tuan , Son Nguyen Thai
Published: May 2019

Present-day stress filed in the Hoang Sa archipelago and adjacent areas is determined through the earthquake’s focal mechanism parameters that have been recorded during a time period of more than 100 years. The geometric parameters of the faults (such as the location, strike and dip angles as well as depth, length…) are determined by satellite-derived gravity, seismic data and stress fields. In this study, predictive determination of the magnitude and tendency of the relative displacement of the Earth’s crust is carried out by calculating and assessing the relationship between the stress fields and fault’s geometric parameters. On the basis of the Earth’s crust relative displacement, the geodynamic mechanism of the Hoang Sa archipelago and adjacent areas through the different geological periods can be rebuilt. Magnitude and tendency of the relative displacement of the Earth’s crust are represented by the color spectrum and the vector’s magnitude. Although the displacement appears in the whole region, its intensities are different in particular areas that have the faults systems with different grades.
Implementation of Improved Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm to Solve Economic Load Dispatch Problems
Authors: SULAİMAN Muhammad
Published: May 2019

The costs of different fuels are increasing gradually, for operation of power production units. Thus new optimization techniques are needed to tackle the problems of Economic Load Dispatch (ELD). Metaheuristics are very helpful for policy makers in achieving the best results by minimizing the cost function. In this paper, we have updated the Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) with a better initialization strategy to balance the search capability of GOA. The new algorithm is named as Improved Grasshopper Algorithm (IGOA). GOA is inspired by the swarms of grasshopper and mimics their biological behavior. Furthermore, IGOA is used to solve the ELD problems by tacking four case studies from literature. The objective in these problems is to find best decision variables for dispatching the available power with lowest cost, efficiency and reliability. To validate the efficiency of our proposed algorithm, we have tested it by solving 4 case studies of ELD with 1263MW, 600MW, 800MW and 2500MW demands respectively. IGOA is better in terms of convergence rate and quality of solutions obtained for the problems considered in literature for other metaheuristics.
Trainee’s Perceptions and Practices on Social Media at One Internal Medicine Program and Its Potential Uses in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Lee May , Fung Cha-Chi
Published: May 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction:Social media is a potential tool in Graduate Medical Education (GME). However, the perceptions that trainees themselves hold about the usefulness of social media in education has not yet been examined. Methods:A 34-item questionnaire was conducted at LAC+USC Medical Center in Los Angeles, CA and distributed to all Internal Medicine (IM) and Medicine-Pediatric residents and IM subspecialty fellows September through December 2017 with a 31% response rate. Most questions utilized 5-point or 6-point Likert-type scales. Results:We found that IM GME trainees were familiar with, and used social media regularly, with Messaging apps and social networks used most frequently. Video content/sharing and podcasts were identified as having the most potential for education. Trainees were in strong agreement about openness to social media use in GME. However, the majority of respondents answered "maybe" when asked whether it would be a positive addition. The majority of trainees did not see social media as unprofessional, and were mixed about whether or not it would be an invasion of privacy. Conclusions:Our analysis of the data reveals that social media may be a potential tool, but ambiguity remains as to whether or not social media tools would be fully embraced by trainees.
How to Convince Clinicians that ‘Soft’ Skills Save Lives? Practical Tips to Use Clinical Studies to Teach Physicians’ Roles
Authors: Lafleur Alexandre , Gagné Mathieu , Paquin Véronique , Michaud-Couture Claudie
Published: May 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. The implementation of competency-based medical education is hampered by unsupported arguments like 'soft' skills are important, but they don't save lives. When implementing teaching and assessment methods targeting non-medical expert roles, student and physician buy-in is crucial. These intrinsic roles (e.g. collaborator or professional) are unfortunately misinterpreted and underused by supervisors, in part because of the false assumption that those skills have minimal impact on patient outcomes. On the contrary, although not worded in those terms, many clinical studies prove the impact of those roles on patient mortality, morbidity, readmission rate, or compliance. Whereas physicians feel that they are properly trained to give feedback, they struggle in making this connection between clinical studies and intrinsic roles in their everyday teaching habits. In this article, we provide practical tips on why and how to use high-impact clinical studies to enlighten supervisors and trainees about the educational and clinical importance of those skills. A slide kit, to be presented in clinical settings, provides a selection of 30 examples of 'hard' evidence on those so-called 'soft' skills, reinforcing the fact that intrinsic roles are intertwined with the medical expert role to improve patient care.
Diyarbakır Kalesi Cephanesi (1740-1746)
Authors: GÖGER Veysel
Published: May 2019

Yeniçağda Osmanlı hâkimiyetindeki şehirlerin önemli bir kısmının kale-kent şeklinde olduğugörülmektedir. Bu tip şehirler içerisinde dikkat çekenlerden biri de Diyarbakır’dır. Diyarbakır kalekentininİran sınırına yakın olması ve Osmanlıların da uzun süre İran’da kurulan devletlerle savaş içindeolması, Diyarbakır’ın önemini artırmıştır. 1639 Kasrışirin Antlaşması’ndan sonra uzun süren çatışmasızlıkdöneminin XVIII. yüzyılda bozulması, sınır bölgesine yakın olan Diyarbakır’ın, çevresindeki kale-kentleriçin lojistik destek merkezi olarak da kullanılmasına sebep olmuştur.Bu çalışmada, 1743-1746 Osmanlı-İran savaşının da yaşandığı 1740-1746 tarihleri arasında Osmanlımerkezi yönetiminin Diyarbakır Kalesi cephanesine verdiği önem üzerinde durulacak ve bu cephaneetrafında gelişen olaylar bağlamında Diyarbakır kent tarihinin bir kesitine ışık tutulmaya çalışılacaktır.Osmanlı yönetimi, zikredilen savaş yüzünden bu dönemde Diyarbakır Kalesi cephanesine payitahtİstanbul’dan yüklü miktarda mühimmat sevk etmiştir. Ayrıca Diyarbakır Kalesi’nde mevcut cephanedenayrı olarak bir serasker takımı oluşturmuştur. Gönderilen mühimmat arasında yer alan barutun cephanedekorunması için kırık olan barut varilleri tamir ettirilmiştir. Bu dönemde Nadir Şah’ın kuşattığı şehirlerdenbiri olan Musul’a Diyarbakır cephanesinden mühimmat gönderilmiş, azalan Diyarbakır Kalesi cephanesi iseHalep Kalesi’nden sevk edilen mühimmatla yeniden doldurulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Shearlet dönüşüm ve yeni geometrik özellikler kullanılarak aşırı öğrenme makinesine dayalı bitki tanıma sistemi
Authors: TÜRKOĞLU Muammer , HANBAY Davut
Published: May 2019

Bitki türlerini doğru tespit
edebilmek için bugüne kadar yapılan çalışmalarda farklı yaklaşımlar
kullanılmıştır. Bu yaklaşımlardan en temel olan bitki yaprakları, şekil, renk
ve damar dokusu gibi avantajlara sahip birçok özellik içermektedir. Bu
çalışmada açıdan bağımsız olarak yaprağın geometrik özelliklerine dayalı yeni
bir yaklaşım önerilmiştir. Kenar Adım (KA) olarak adlandırılan bu yöntem,
şeklin sınır eğrilerindeki kenar noktalar kullanılarak açı, merkez-kenar
uzunluğu ve kenar mesafesi gibi özelliklerden oluşmaktadır. Ayrıca doku
tanımada iyi hassasiyet göstermesi, hızlı hesaplama yapması ve yön bağımsızlığı
gibi özelliklere sahip olan Shearlet Dönüşüm yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu
yöntemlere ek olarak renk özellikleri ile Gri Seviye Eş-Oluşum Matrisleri
(GSEM) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Tüm bu yöntemlerden elde edilen öznitelikler ayrı
ayrı ve bileşik olarak Aşırı Öğrenme Makineleri (AÖM) sınıflandırıcı yöntemi
ile test edilmiştir. Flavia, Swedish, ICL ve Foliage gibi dört farklı bitki
yaprak veri setleri kullanılarak önerilen çalışma test edilmiştir. Bu veri
setleri kullanılarak doku, şekil ve renk özelliklerine dayalı yapılan
çalışmalar ile önerilen yaklaşımın performansı kıyaslanmıştır. Sonuç olarak,
önerilen çalışmanın diğer çalışmalara göre daha başarılı olduğu tespit
edilmiştir.
Hatay ve çevresi altındaki yerkabuğuna ait üç boyutlu sismik hız yapısının belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZER Çağlar
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Hatay ve
çevresinin ilk defa üç-boyutlu (3-B) sismik hız yapısının araştırılmasıdır. Bu
motivasyonla, 2007-2017 yılları arasında Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi (AFAD)
tarafından işletilen 17 adet geniş-band sismometre tarafından kayıt edilen 4892
yerel deprem analiz edilmiştir. İlksel katalog içinden en az 6 P- faz okuması
yapılan ve RMS değeri 0,20’den küçük olan 1856 depreme ait toplam 9907 P- ve
7536 S-fazı tomografik hesaplamalar için kullanılmıştır. Sentetik testler
ışığında güvenilir derinlik olarak kabul edilen 30 km derinliğe kadar, hızları
3.5 km/sn’den 7.5 km/sn’ye kadar değişen 3 katmanlı sismik hız yapısı Hatay ve
çevresi için belirlenmiştir. P- hızları ve Vp/Vs düşey sismik kesitleri
birlikte yorumlanarak litolojik ve petrolojik bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. İlk
sismik tabaka içinde derinliği 5 km’ye kadar uzanan çanak şeklindeki çok düşük
P- hızlarına sahip (Vp < 3.5 km/sn) hızlar jeotermal alanlar ile
ilişkilidir. Avsuyu köyü ve Kırıkhan’ın Kuzeyi çevresindeki düşük P- hızlarına
eşlik eden düşük Vp/Vs oranları bu alanlarda henüz keşfedilmemiş CO2, jeotermal
gazlar ya da bunların karışımı olan potansiyel jeotermal alanlar ile ilgili
olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Olası potansiyel gazlar Hacıpaşa ve Karasu fayı
boyunca taşınmakta ve jeotermal akışkan açısından yüksek potansiyel
göstermektedir. Ayrıca Reyhanlı ve çevresinde gözlenen düşük P- hızları ve
yüksek Vp/Vs oranı, henüz keşfedilmemiş potansiyel jeotermal akışkanlara işaret
etmektedir. Kabuk-Manto geçişi (Moho süreksizliği) yaklaşık 38 km’de
gözlenmiştir. Bölgenin Vp/Vs karakteri nispeten homojen olup, çoğunlukla
1.75-1.85 arasında değişmektedir.
Akıllı darbe gerilimi ölçümleyicinin tasarımı ve gerçeklenmesi
Authors: MEREV Ahmet
Published: May 2019

Yıldırım ve anahtarlama darbe gerilimi ölçmelerinde kullanılan sayısal
kaydedicilerin ölçümlemesi
(kalibrasyonu), yüksek
darbe gerilimlerinin izlenebilirliğinde büyük önem taşır. Bu nedenle darbe gerilimi ölçümleyicileri (kalibratörleri),
izlenebilirlik zincirinde çok önemli bir rolü olan cihazlardır. Sayısal kaydedicilerin ölçümlemesinde, gerilimin
tepe değeri ve zaman parametrelerinin referans değere göre sapması, farklı
çözünürlükte ve ölçüm aralıklarında belirlenmektedir. Bir yüksek darbe gerilimi ölçme sisteminin ölçek
faktörü ve ölçülen zaman
parametrelerindeki sapmalar, ölçümleyiciden
uygulanan referans değerlerle karşılaştırılarak belirlenir.

Bu çalışmada, yüksek darbe gerilim ölçmelerinin
izlenebilirliğinde kullanılabilecek özelliklere sahip, akıllı bir darbe gerilimi ölçümleyici tasarımı ve gerçeklenmesi için yapılan çalışmalar sunulmuştur.
Yapımı gerçekleştirilen ölçümleyici,
TÜBİTAK UME’de (Ulusal Metroloji Enstitüsü), Türkiye’nin birincil seviye
referans standart ölçümleyicisi
olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ölçümleyici,
50 V-600 V aralığında ve pozitif
ve negatif kutuplu referans yıldırım ve anahtarlama darbeleri üretebilmektedir.
Referans yıldırım darbe
gerilimlerinde belirsizlik değerleri tepe değer (UP) için % 0,03,
cephe süresi (T1) için % 0,30 ve sırt
yarı değer süresi (T2) için % 0,01’dir. Referans anahtarlama darbe gerilimlerinde ise
belirsizlik değerleri tepe değer (UP) için % 0,10, tepe değer süresi (Tp) için % 0,20 ve sırt
yarı değer süresi (T2) için % 0,04’tür.
Bacterial Plating Quantification v1
Authors: Schackart Kenneth , Kaarj Kattika
Published: May 2019

This protocol describes how to serially dilute and plate cultured bacteria in suspension for quantification.
OrtoreksiyaNervoza nedir? Tanı ve tedavi yaklaşımları
Authors: ŞENGÜL Reyyan , HOCAOĞLU Çiçek
Published: May 2019

Gelişmiş ülkelerde fast food
kültürünün yaygınlaşması, sağlıksız beslenme ve obezitenin giderek
yaygınlaşmasına neden olmuştur. İnsan davranışlarında olduğu gibi beslenme
davranışı da çok çeşitli faktörlerden etkilenen karmaşık bir olgudur. İletişim
ve enformasyon imkanlarının üst düzeyde olduğu günümüzde kişilerin besinler,
sağlıklı beslenme ve besin grupları ile ilgili çeşitli bilgilere,
ulaşabilmeleri, bu bilgileri yorumlayabilmeleri, anlayabilmeleri, eleştirmeleri
ve bu bilgiler doğrultusunda sağlıklı besin seçimleri yapmaları beslenme
alışkanlıkları üzerinde etkilidir. İnsan davranışlarının beslenme üzerindeki
etkileri zaman zaman patolojik olarak da etki etmektedir. Yeme bozuklukları
olarak adlandırılan bu davranış bozukluklarından biri de “Orthorexia nervosa”
dır. Patolojik bir saplantı haline gelen saf ve sağlıklı beslenme davranışları
obsessif bir hal almakta ve klinik bir vaka olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu
çalışmada ülkemizde çok incelenmemiş olan “Orthorexia nervosa” ya dikkat çekmek
ve bu konuda dünyada yapılmış çalışmalara göz atmak amaçlanmıştır.
Scrum+: A scaled Scrum for the agile global software development project management with multiple models
Authors: Pardo Calvache César Jesús , Chilito Gomez Piedad Rocío , Viveros Meneses Daniel Esteban , Pino Correa Francisco José
Published: May 2019

Nowadays, carrying out a project management is difficult in any situation, even more in global projects of software development, whose environment faces different aspects that make this type of projects even more difficult to manage, for example: lack of coordination, lack of face to face communication, temporary differences, cultural diversity and application of different standards, models and approaches. With the aim of supporting agile global software development (AGSD)  project management when multiple models are present, we have defined Scrum+, which is a guide based on Scrum and defines a set of activities, tasks, roles and criteria to support AGSD projects in multimodel environments. We carried out the harmonization of agile approach Scrum along with project management practices defined in multiple models such as: ISO/IEC 15504, ISO 9001 and CMMI-DEV.  Likewise, the evaluation of the proposal has been conducted through: (i) its application in a focus group with experts in different related areas and (ii) its assessment of the degree of agility by means 4-DAT method. Based on the analysis of the results and the comments obtained in the focus group, Scrum+ seems to be clear, adequate, and agile. The guide proposed here can serve as reference for studying further aspects related to agile software scaled projects.
Supercritical extraction of bioactive compounds from Cocoa husk: study of the main parameters
Authors: Pico Hernández Sergio M. , Jaimes Estévez Jaime , López Giraldo Luis J. , Murillo Méndez Cristian Jhair
Published: May 2019

Cocoa is a product of natural origin rich in polyphenols, mainly procyanidins and flavan-3-ols, which has a high antioxidant power. Its regular consumption brings positive health effects. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of diameter of particle, extraction time, temperature, pressure and ethanol concentration in the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of bioactive compounds from cocoa husk. This work was developed in two stages. The first stage was aimed to study the impact of the particle size and extraction time. Extractions were carried out under constant conditions. Once particle size and extraction time were defined, it gave way to the second stage, where the effect of three levels of temperature (308.15, 313.15 and 318.15 K), pressure (10, 15 and 20 MPa) and concentration of ethanol (2, 11, and 20% ethanol) were evaluated. The results of this study suggest that particle sizes less than 0.26mm and extraction times exceeding 147min could increase the total polyphenol content (TPC). Finally, a multivariate statistical analysis was developed, showing that the most favorable conditions for obtaining extracts rich in polyphenols corresponded to 308.15K, 20MPa and 20% ethanol, under which the TPC was 35.11(±1.57)EAGmg/LEg, a total flavan-3-oles content (TFC) of 12.89 (±0.51)EEPmg/gLE and total carotenoids content (TCC) of 64.35(±1.54)EBC mg/gLE. The results obtained suggest that SFE favors the extraction of apolar compounds (carotenoids) from cocoa husk. Likewise, for the optimal extraction point, husk cocoa showed antioxidant capacity of 489.58μmol ET/LEg.
Fibre reinforced concrete containing waste coconut shell aggregate, fly ash and polypropylene fibre
Authors: Prakash Ramaiah , Thenmozhi Rajagopal , N. Raman Sudharshan , Subramanian Chidambaram
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of polypropylene fibre addition into eco-concrete made with fly ash, an industrial by product, as partial cement replacement material, and coconut shell, an agricultural waste, as coarse aggregates, on the mechanical properties of the concrete. Two different mixes were developed, one with coconut shell only as coarse aggregates, and the other with the combination of both conventional aggregates and coconut shell as coarse aggregates. The cement content was replaced with class F fly ash at 10% by weight in the concrete mixes. The volume fractions of polypropylene fibres used in this study were 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0%. The addition of polypropylene fibres slightly reduces the slump and density of coconut shell concrete. As the volume fraction of fibres increases, the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of coconut shell concrete also increases by up to 0.5% of fibre volume fraction. The split tensile strength and flexural strength of coconut shell concrete were also enhanced with fibre addition. The addition of 0.75% and 1.0% volume fractions of polypropylene fibres slightly reduces compressive strength. Results of this study show that polypropylene fibres may be used in coconut shell concrete to improve the mechanical properties of the composite.
Una reflexión sobre la relevancia de las actitudes hacia el cáncer
Authors: Palacios-Espinosa Ximena , Vargas-Jiménez Jenny Fernanda , Calle-Nassiff María Paula
Published: May 2019

El cáncer representa altas tasas de morbimortalidad humana, por ello su diagnóstico ha sido objeto de respuestas psicológicas diversas como las actitudes, las cuales denotan una tendencia de favorabilidad o desfavorabilidad hacia una entidad específica. Una revisión de la literatura publicada entre 2005 y 2017 sobre las actitudes hacia el cáncer, analizadas a través del modelo tripartito, dio lugar a reflexionar sobre la importancia que estas tienen, tanto para los pacientes, como para la población general y los profesionales de la salud. De acuerdo con lo anterior, se presentan las actitudes reportadas hacia el cáncer, la forma en que interactúan los conocimientos, las creencias, las emociones y las conductas y, también, las conclusiones de una postura crítica y analítica frente a estas actitudes con sus implicaciones para los profesionales de la salud.
Determinación de intervalos biológicos de referencia para adultos en el equipo hematológico BC-5000 de la Escuela de Microbiología de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 2017
Authors: Mejía-Saldarriaga Simón Santiago , Agudelo-Rendón Daniela , Bossio-Zapata Felipe , Sánchez-Cifuentes Érika , Jaramillo-Pérez Luz Marina , Acevedo-Toro Paola Andrea
Published: May 2019

Introducción: los valores del hemograma en adultos pueden variar de acuerdo con factores como el origen étnico, la edad, el sexo y la altura sobre el nivel del mar, por lo cual es indispensable conocer intervalos biológicos asociados a nuestra población. Por esto el objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar intervalos biológicos de referencia (IBR) para adultos en un equipo hematológico BC-5000.Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal con 111 donantes entre 18 y 62 años de un banco de sangre de Medellín. Se realizó un hemograma, proteína C reactiva y ferritina. Se calcularon los IBR siguiendo las recomendaciones de la Federación Internacional de Química Clínica. La comparación de los IBR según sexo se realizó con la prueba T-student. Resultados: los IBR calculados mediante la fórmula X ± (DS * 1,96) mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre hombres y mujeres para el recuento de la mayoría de los parámetros. Se obtuvieron medias estadísticas mayores en mujeres para el recuento de leucocitos y plaquetas, recuentos absolutos y relativos de algunas células blancas, volumen plaquetario medio (VPM) y plaquetocrito (PCT).Discusión: la presencia de andrógenos en el sexo masculino, inductores del sistema eritropoyético, así como los estrógenos y el período menstrual, supresores del mismo, pueden explicar los valores menores en el recuento eritrocitario, en los rangos de hemoglobina, hematocrito y glóbulos rojos en las mujeres. Las altas cargas de estrógenos e interleucinas 6 y 10 en las mujeres amplían la vida media de células como linfocitos, explicando la diferencia en el recuento leucocitario a expensas de linfocitos encontrados en el presente estudio.
Ruta crítica profesionalizante: una experiencia pedagógica poslicenciatura en traducción
Authors: Villegas-Salas Irlanda
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo es resultado de investigación en didáctica de la traducción, deriva del proyecto Estudios de Traducción en los Procesos Educativos, y aborda ventajas formativas y riesgos profesionales de una experiencia de incursión laboral altamente exigente: la traducción de un libro sobre educación intercultural religiosa para el Consejo de Europa (Jackson, 2014). Conformaron el equipo dos licenciadas en lengua inglesa de una universidad pública del sureste de México y una traductora profesional, quien fungió como guía y gestora durante los ocho meses del proyecto. El estudio se realizó con metodología cualitativa doblemente reflexiva, basada en autoobservación etnográfica dirigida y colaborativa, consistente en tres sesiones dialógicas, dos entrevistas en profundidad y tres autorreflexiones. Esta práctica profesionalizante generó una ruta crítica para el diagnóstico y el afrontamiento de desafíos traductivos actuales que, en concordancia con el paradigma de la traducción cultural (Simon, Bhabha, Carbonell i Cortés y Spivak), concibe la traducción como proceso integral. Se comprobó que las contingencias (Spivak) didácticas son pivotes de aprendizaje significativo y resultan cruciales para contribuir a efectuar el salto de la formación (en un programa educativo curricular) a la actividad profesional. La ruta crítica generada puede orientar prácticas complementarias posformación superior no exclusiva en traducción.
Movimientos feministas y enfoques de género: integración del debate en las líneas curriculares para la formación de traductores en Chile
Authors: Basaure-Cabero Rosa Isabel , Contreras-Torregrosa Marcela
Published: May 2019

La formación de traductores no puede quedar aislada del cambiante contexto internacional ni de las demandas sociales, puesto que estos profesionales se desempeñarán como agentes mediadores entre realidades lingüísticas, culturales e ideológicas diferentes. En este sentido, la problemática de género y los movimientos feministas debieran ser parte de las líneas curriculares y de investigación de la disciplina a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, esto no se refleja de manera activa en las universidades latinoamericanas. Esta investigación apunta a analizar esta problemática, particularmente desde el caso chileno, y establecer los lineamientos para incluirla en el currículo mediante una propuesta de cátedra específica, con metodologías pertinentes a nivel de pregrado y que además permitirá el desarrollo investigativo en la materia. Metodológicamente, la investigación se basa en el análisis de la situación del debate actual de género en los programas de Traducción en Chile desde el punto de vista curricular. A partir de estos resultados, se aborda el proceso de creación e implementación de una asignatura electiva que considera este aspecto como un eje formativo para el caso de la carrera de Licenciatura en Lingüística Aplicada a la Traducción de la Universidad de Santiago de Chile.
Tecnologías del aprendizaje y el conocimiento (TAC) para la traducción de Aristóteles Metafísica 980a-982a
Authors: Forero-Álvarez Ronald , Triana-Perdomo Liliana Andrea
Published: May 2019

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la integración de tac para la lectura, la interpretación y la traducción de Aristóteles en la asignatura de Griego ii impartida en la Universidad de La Sabana. En la primera parte del artículo se explican la motivación, la justificación, los presupuestos teóricos y la metodología seguidos para la inclusión de tac en el aula de griego, que incluyen la reflexión del docente y la opinión de los estudiantes sobre las clases, así como los resultados de las evaluaciones de semestres anteriores, cuyo fin era determinar un nuevo enfoque didáctico. La segunda parte describe las tac usadas según las necesidades propias de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la traducción de textos: 1) afianzamiento del vocabulario y de las estructuras gramaticales; 2) presentación, interpretación y traducción del texto origen; 3) autoevaluación, coevaluación y evaluación del texto meta. La última parte está dedicada a la presentación de los resultados de la incorporación de las tac, entre las que destacan la mejora en la motivación de los estudiantes y la posibilidad de su implementación en otros cursos de lengua, pues se favorecen la preparación, el seguimiento, la evaluación y la documentación del proceso de traducción.
Reflexiones sobre la metodología terminológica en contextos de traducción: ¿qué se pierde en el trabajo con herramientas informáticas?
Authors: Pissolato Luciana , Tebé Carles
Published: May 2019

Los supuestos metodológicos del trabajo en terminología desde una aproximación lingüística y textualista están bien establecidos desde hace años. No puede hablarse de una metodología terminológica única, puesto que lo que denominaremos escenarios terminológicos pueden suponer recorridos y etapas metodológicas muy diferentes –por ejemplo, una recopilación de neologismos de prensa, la compilación de un glosario para la traducción, o un trabajo de normalización de términos.La diversidad de escenarios terminológicos se corresponde con una gran variedad de herramientas disponibles para el terminólogo: gestores de bases de datos, alineadores, concordanciadores, herramientas de traducción asistida y automática, detectores de terminología, extractores de definiciones, etc. Cada escenario de trabajo exige su propio conjunto de herramientas.En este artículo, planteamos una serie de reflexiones metodológicas en torno al trabajo en terminología: si bien las herramientas nos permiten tratar grandes volúmenes de datos, ser más consistentes, y validar hipótesis de una forma más objetivable, sobre todo cuantitativamente, ¿qué se pierde al dejar que sea la herramienta, y no el investigador, quien extraiga evidencias y presente resultados?  A partir de ejemplos concretos, responderemos a las siguientes preguntas: ¿se pierden datos relevantes? ¿En qué etapas, mayormente? ¿Qué tipo de datos son y qué impacto tienen sobre la investigación? Además de datos, ¿qué otros aspectos de la metodología se pueden ver afectados? Puesto que la investigación se desarrolló en un escenario de traducción, en las conclusiones proyectaremos las consecuencias de estas reflexiones sobre la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la terminología en contextos de traducción.
Design of a wave energy converter system for the Colombian Pacific Ocean
Authors: Romero Menco Fredys , Rubio-Clemente Ainhoa , Chica Edwin
Published: May 2019

This paper details the mechanical design of a wave power generation system comprising a buoy that houses a set of mechanical devices and a linear generator. The system proposed transforms the heaving movement of the buoy in a rotational movement of the arm that houses the linear generator. Firstly, the conceptual design and the operation of the system is exposed. Secondly, the conditions of the waves in the zone of interest are presented; in this case, the device was designed to work in the Colombian Pacific Ocean. Afterwards, the dynamic model of the buoy and the linear generator are deduced starting off the movement laws. To solve the resulting equation, Ansys Aqwa® numerical software is used to know the behavior of the device under the features of the swell conditions. Finally, the simulation results under real conditions are presented and compared to the response under incident regular wave. To determine the amount of electric power generated,  a calculus routine in Matlab® is implemented. Throughout the numerical code, the electric power generated is calculated at each time step, and the average electric power is solved subsequently. It was found that under regular and irregular swell conditions the amount of electricity produced was 1.17 and 0.5 kW, respectively. In this regard, the device proposed here is an interesting option for populations inhabiting near coastlines far from existing electricity grids.