bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of cryptococcal meningitis among HIV patients attending Central University Hospital of Kigali
Authors: Evariste Ntezirizaza , Alain Prudence Ishimwe , Jeannine Uwimana , Fidele HABIMANA , Chantal MUKANDAYISHIMIYE , Diane ISHIMWE , Didier MURENZI , Godefroid NZEYIMANA , Theophilla IKIRIZA
Published: August 2024

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a severe fungal infection caused primarily by Cryptococcus neoformans and less commonly by Cryptococcus gattii. It poses a significant threat to individuals with compromised immune systems, particularly those living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART), CM remains a leading cause of mortality among HIV-infected individuals, especially in low- and middle-income countries.
Aim: This study was done to determine the prevalence of Cryptococcus among HIV-infected patients attending at Central University Hospital of Kigali, Rwanda and the level at which a patient’s CD4 count is significantly associated with cryptococcal meningitis.
Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted at Central University Hospital of Kigali, Rwanda. This study included 60 HIV-infected patients whose serum and CSF samples were examined for Cryptococcus by one of or all 4 tests (CSF culture, CSF CrAg, serum CrAg and Indian Ink) and their results were recorded.
Results: Among the 60 HIV-infected patients enrolled, 8 (13%) were positive for cryptococcal meningitis. Among these 8 patients the CD4 count ranged from 2-200 cells/ul, and 31.82% (7 of 8) was among patients with CD4 count ≤100 c/ul and 6.25% (1 of 8) was among patients with CD4 count levels between 101 c/ul and 200c/ul. Based on the study results, CD4 count levels lower or equal to 100 cells/ul was highly associated with cryptococcal meningitis as the P-value=0.001 and Odd ratio=0.058.
Conclusion: Based on the study results there was a significant association between cryptococcal meningitis and lower CD4 count levels. HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts ≤100 cells had the highest prevalence. Therefore, the level of CD4 count below or equal to 100 cells/ul is highly associated with positive cryptococcal meningitis. However, there were cases of positive CM among HIV patients with CD4 count ≥100 cells/ul.
Keywords: Cryptococcal meningitis, CD4 count, HIV,
The Neuropharmacological Properties of Malkangni (Celastrus paniculatus Willd.): Insights from Unani Medicine and Pharmacological Research: A Review
Authors: Mir Rayees Ahmad , Zehra Farheen , Nayab Mohd , Ansari Abdul Nasir
Published: August 2024

Malkangni, also known as Celastrus paniculatus Willd., is a herb widely used in the Unani system of medicine for its neuropharmacological properties. The seeds and oil of Malkangni have therapeutic benefits, including enhancing memory and cognitive functions. Malkangni exhibits a range of pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. It has shown potential to improve learning and memory, sedation, and anti-convulsive properties and treat conditions such as leprosy, rheumatism, diarrhea, and arthritis. The diverse pharmacological activities of Malkangni suggest its potential in treating various health conditions. This review aims to describe the medicinal properties and therapeutic applications of Malkangni through the perspective of Unani medicine and its phytochemical and pharmacological studies.
Keywords: Malkangni, Celastrus paniculatus, Unani medicine, traditional medicine, natural medicine
Enhancing Dissolution and Bioavailability: A Review on Co-Processed Superdisintegrants in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Sachdeva Shubham , Singh Harpreet , Singh Jitender
Published: August 2024

Co-processed superdisintegrants have emerged as key excipients in pharmaceutical formulation development, offering solutions to challenges related to poor solubility, bioavailability, and patient compliance. This comprehensive review article provides an in-depth analysis of the principles, mechanisms, manufacturing techniques, and applications of co-processed superdisintegrants in drug delivery systems. The review highlights the role of co-processed excipients in enhancing dissolution kinetics, improving formulation efficiency, and enabling innovative drug delivery platforms such as personalized medicine and combination therapies. Regulatory considerations, quality standards, and future directions for research and innovation in this field are also discussed. Through a synthesis of current literature and insights into emerging trends, this review aims to provide researchers, formulation scientists, and pharmaceutical professionals with a comprehensive understanding of the potential and challenges associated with co-processed superdisintegrants in pharmaceutical formulations. Ultimately, the integration of co-processed excipients into formulation development holds promise for advancing drug delivery technology, improving therapeutic outcomes, and addressing unmet medical needs in patient care.
Keywords: Co-processed superdisintegrants, Dissolution enhancement, Bioavailability, Pharmaceutical formulations, Drug delivery systems, Excipients, Formulation optimization, Manufacturing techniques, Regulatory considerations, Future directions
In vivo therapeutic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. et Perr. in Salmonellosis induced in broiler chicks
Authors: ANZOUMANA Lassinan Ouattara , OUATTARA Abou , KAMAGATE Tidiane , COULIBALY Adama
Published: August 2024

Salmonella are bacteria that cause numerous illnesses in humans and animals. In poultry farming, they cause major economic losses for farmers. In fact, during the poultry production cycle, poultry are frequently infected by Salmonella and are exposed to oxidative stress. To deal with these problems, farmers use antibiotics. Unfortunately, overuse of these molecules has led to resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of the leaves from Anogeissus leiocarpus in Salmonellosis induced in broiler chicks. For the experimental study, 4 batches of 25 broiler chicks each were produced, including :
- Batch 1 : uncontaminated chicks not treated with plant extract (NC-NT).
- Batch 2 : chicks contaminated and not treated with plant extract (C-NT).
- Batch 3 : chicks contaminated and treated with plant extract (C-T. extr).
-Batch 4 : chicks contaminated and treated only with a standard antibiotic, oxytetracycline (C-T.OTC). The aqueous extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus gave the best results compared with oxytetracycline. These include the significant improvement in average weight gain and biomarkers of oxidative stress.
The results obtained from this study show that the aqueous extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus can be used as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry farming.
Keywords : Anogeissus leiocarpus, Extracts, Salmonella typhimurium, therapeutic activity.
Cuproptosis: A Copper-Triggered Unique Cell Death Targeting Cancer
Authors: Khan Mohammad Altaf , Satapathy Trilochan , Vishwakarma Ashu , Sen Kalpana , Gupta Ayushi , Pradhan Bharti , Sahu Shailesh , Satapathy Abinash , Chandrakar Kunal , Chandrakar Manisha
Published: August 2024

A recently discovered type of copper-driven cell death is regarded as Cuproptosis. The significance of copper and copper-triggered cell death in the development of malignancies has garnered attention recently. Cuproptosis has shown remarkable promise for cancer therapy, which has sparked a great deal of interest in the cancer research community. Treatments based on copper have the potential to treat malignancies that are resistant to chemotherapy by impeding the growth of the tumor. We offer a critical examination of copper homeostasis and the part copper dysregulation plays in the onset and spread of cancer in this review. After outlining the fundamental molecular underpinnings of Cuproptosis and its connection to cancer, the present state of knowledge regarding copper-based cancer treatment agents - copper chelators, copper ionophores, and copper complexes-based dynamic therapy is summarized. We also provide an overview of the latest research on the use of copper ionophores and complexes-based medicines to reduce tumor treatment resistance in various cancer types. We also go over the small-molecule substances and nanoparticles (NPs) that have the potential to induce Cuproptosis in cancer cells, which will provide fresh insight into the future development of Cuproptosis-inducing anticancer medications. Ultimately, the key ideas and urgent issues surrounding Cuproptosis that need to be addressed in further research were covered. Targeting Cuproptosis may be a potential anticancer therapy and treatment approach to overcome drug resistance in cancer, according to this review article.
Keywords: Cuproptosis, cancer, chemo-resistance, malignancies, Cu homeostasis, Cu chelators
A INFLUÊNCIA DA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL NO TRANSTORNO DEPRESSIVO: Uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Silva Alanna Pastorio da , Soares Nandra Martins , Mombelli Mônica Augusta
Published: August 2024

The gut-brain axis and its bidirectional interaction have been associated with the gut microbiota and the development of mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. This axis modulates various key processes through the vagus nerve, including the production of microbial metabolites and immune mediators, leading to changes in neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and behavior. In this sense, the aim of this study was to understand the relationship between gut microbiota and depressive disorder. O this end, an integrative literature review was conducted using scientific articles in Portuguese and English published between 2018 and 2023, employing the descriptors intestinal microbiota, gut-brain-microbiota axis, and depressive disorder. The search was carried out in the databases Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scielo. Eight articles were selected for analysis. The results demonstrated a connection between the brain, microbiota, and depressive disorder through the vagus nerve, enteric nervous system, and immune system pathways, as well as showing that the intake of probiotics and prebiotics improves dysbiosis and depressive symptoms. Thus, the findings suggest that interventions aimed at modulating the microbiota, such as supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, may represent a promising approach in the complementary treatment of depression, acting both in correcting dysbiosis and improving depressive symptoms. These discoveries reinforce the ongoing need for research in this area to develop more effective and personalized therapeutic strategies for managing depressive disorder.
AUTISMO EM ADULTOS: Sentimentos e mudanças após o diagnóstico
Authors: Gikovate Carla Gruber , Féres-Carneiro Terezinha
Published: August 2024

Previously considered a rare childhood disorder, autism today is a frequent diagnosis with increasing demand in all age groups, including people who were not diagnosed in childhood, but who perceive characteristics of this condition. This study, which is part of a broader research on the experience of Brazilian adults who were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) after 18 years, aims to explore the feelings and life changes of this group of people after the diagnosis. To this end, a qualitative research was carried out in which 12 participants were interviewed and the data were analyzed using the content analysis method, in its categorical aspect. Considering the objective of this work, in the analysis of the interviews, these categories emerged: alexithymia, relif, revisiting the past, self-compassion and acquired rights. As a result, relief was observed as a feeling of great relevance and predominance, accompanied by a process of understanding the past and self-compassion and self-respect. It was concluded that the late receipt of the diagnosis of autism by this group of participants allowed a better understanding of their characteristics and behaviors, reducing the pressure they exerted on themselves, in addition to enabling access to rights guaranteed by law.
Assessing the impact of HBB gene polymorphisms on the risk of beta thalassemia in the population of Diyala Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Rashid Nibras Majeed , Sultan Ammar Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Objective
The current research aims to investigate the genetic polymorphisms of the HBB gene and their relationship to the incidence of beta-thalassemia.
Methods
The study included 30 patients with beta-thalassemia major. Samples were collected during the period between August 2023 and February 2024. Their ages ranged from 2–31 years, in addition to 30 healthy people who did not suffer from hereditary blood diseases as a control group. Their ages ranged from 1–35 years. The exon region of the HBB gene was sequenced using nucleotide sequencing in order to identify the kind and location of mutations that alter the amino acid sequence that makes up the hemoglobin protein.
Results
The results of DNA sequencing of the exon region of the HBB gene, which consists of 382 base pairs, showed the presence of the rs713040 variant. This variant revealed that the GG genotype and the G allele, and the AA genotype and the A allele, were more frequent in the patient group compared to the healthy group and may be associated with risk. When comparing some physiological variables with the genotypes of the HBB gene between the group of patients and healthy controls at the rs713040 variant site, the results showed that there were significant differences (P<0.001, P<0.05) in the levels of WBC, HB, PLT, PCT, ALP, and Vitamin D in the three genotypes of the variant GG, GA, and AA.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that the rs713040 variant of the HBB gene may be associated with an increased risk of beta-thalassemia and that there are significant physiological differences between the genotypes of this variant in patients and healthy controls. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and the potential clinical implications of these genetic differences.
APPLICATION OF ETHNOPEDAGOGICAL MODULE IN NATURAL SCIENCES BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM TOWARDS LEARNING INDEPENDENCE IN THEMATIC LEARNING
Authors: Fatmi Nuraini , Sakdiah Halimatus , Alchalil Alchalil , Fitriani Henni
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine students' responses to the implementation of ethnopedagogical modules in science-based on local wisdom in thematic learning towards learning independence. The research was conducted at SD Negeri 1 Muara Satu, Lhokseumawe City. Field problems found that during the learning process in both elementary schools, thematic learning had not been linked with ethnopedagogy based on local wisdom. Consequently, students lacked learning independence at school. The research type used was a pre-experimental design, labeled as such because it was not a full-fledged experimental study. The research design used was the One-Group Posttest Design, an experiment conducted with only one group without a comparison group. The sample in this study was a fifth-grade class with 114 students, selected using purposive sampling technique. This instrument aimed to assess students' learning independence after using the teaching module. The research results indicate that the implementation of the Ethnopedagogical Module, which smoothly integrates local wisdom and cultural contexts into science education, results in enthusiastic student engagement and contextualized learning experiences. This is evidenced by the results of the student learning independence test indicators, with the highest scores found in the research results for the learning independence variable in the indicator of having a competitive drive to advance. The overall sample obtained an average score of 83.2 in the category of excellent.
Analysis Of The Audio-Magnetotelluric (AMT) Data Quality Using The Coherence Parameter at Malabar Mountains
Authors: Kusuma Nabila Putri , Rahmawati Nabilah , Hanifah Shofie Dzakia , Harja Asep , Lucki Junursyah Gusti Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Noise recorded during measurements can diminish the quality of AMT data. This can lead to decreased penetration depth and unreliable 1D inversion models. This study aimed to reduce noise and improve data quality by analyzing coherence, curve trend, and skewness. Coherence analysis was performed using robust processing and XPR editing, yielding an average coherence value of 77.5%, an improvement of 10.8% from the raw data. Noise can also alter data dimensionality; hence, skewness analysis was used to determine the effect of distortion on the impedance tensor. Results showed that the 3D dimensionality effect at 6 stations was significantly reduced following coherence and curve trend analyses.
Critical Thinking Skills Mapping of State Junior High School Students Throughout the City of Surabaya Through Critical and Independent Learning Design
Authors: Hasyim Faiz
Published: August 2024

Critical Thinking Skills (CTS) are one of the most significant skills in the 21st century. Students as potential superior human resources must have high CTS, because those who have high CTS can effectively solve problems. This study defines the mastery of Junior High School students’ CTS throughout the city of Surabaya. The form of this study was quantitative descriptive. The subjects in this study were 74 students from 3 State Junior High Schools with high, medium, and low levels in Surabaya. Students' CTS was measured using a Critical Thinking Skills Test that has been developed previously thus its validity is guaranteed and it is suitable to be used in measuring Junior High School students' mastery of CTS. The results of the study showed that the critical thinking skills of high-level Junior High School students were in the high CTS category with an n-gain score of 0,73, the medium-level State Junior High School students were in the high CTS category with an n-gain score of 0,71, and the low-level State Junior High School students were in the medium CTS category with an n-gain score of 0.70. The average increase in the CTS of Junior High School students in Surabaya was in the high CTS category with an average n-gain score of 0,71. This research is expected to be a recommendation for education policy-makers in Surabaya regarding the learning design used, thus the CTS of Junior High School students in Surabaya can increase at all levels.
Case Based Learning Pada Pembelajaran Fisika Di SMK Negeri 2 Pangkep
Authors: Kasmiryanti Ar Siti Nurcahya , Sindi Sindi , Nurazmi Nurazmi , Fiskawarni Tri Hastiti , Misa Yulianti Ratte
Published: August 2024

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa SMK Negeri 2 Pangkep Kelas X TPBO 2 dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Case Based Learning (CBL). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Subyek penelitian ini adalah 33 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada siklus I, rata-rata skor pre test adalah 56,21 dan skor post test adalah 67,72. Skor ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan sebesar 11,51 poin dengan standar n-gain 0,26 dan tergolong rendah, selanjutnya data penelitian siklus II Nilai rata-rata pre test adalah 70,75 dan post test 89,54, mengalami peningkatan sebesar 18,79 poin. Standar n-gain pada siklus II sebesar 0,64 dengan kualifikasi sedang. Dari data tersebut terlihat bahwa standar gain belajar fisika mengalami peningkatan pada setiap siklusnya dan tergolong dalam kualifikasi sedang pada Siklus II.
Kurator rodzinny jako pedagog wielu twarzy Praca kuratora rodzinnego w terenie jako refleksyjna praktyka wychowawcza
Authors: Miśkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

Zasadniczym celem artykułu było zilustrowanie ogólnego modelu pracy kuratorów rodzinnych działających w wielkomiejskim centrum. W tekście skoncentrowałam się nie tylko na aspektach metodycznych, ale refleksyjności i podejściu do relacji, jaką kurator buduje z podopiecznym. W tym celu przyjęłam perspektywę teoretyczną, określaną w piśmiennictwie naukowym „pedagogią”. Zgromadzone dane, na podstawie których opracowałam prezentowane wyniki, pochodzą z badań jakościowych przeprowadzonych w dwóch dzielnicach Łodzi – Śródmieściu i Bałutach (Stare Bałuty). Inspiracją teoretyczną były założenia interakcjonizmu symbolicznego. Zastosowaną metodą badawczą była etnografia, a przebieg analizy pozyskanych danych wyznaczały procedury metodologii teorii ugruntowanej. W rezultacie wyłoniłam różne formy działania kuratora rodzinnego w terenie, do których należą: wyczekiwanie, wyciąganie ręki, troska o podmiotowe traktowanie, ryzykowanie, zachowywanie czujności oraz elastyczne działanie.
Intencionalidade racionalizada: como fatos simples se tornam uma fonte de perplexidade (Rationalized intentionality: How simple facts become a source of perplexity)
Authors: Franco Joana
Published: August 2024

A teoria de Michael Tomasello é muito celebrada no campo dos estudos linguísticos voltados para o uso e a interação. Neste artigo, pretendo mostrar que ela se assenta em pressupostos contraditórios, que comprometem os preceitos gradualistas de uma visão emergencista da cognição. Os conceitos de ação e compreensão intencionais (≈ intencionalidade) que subjazem à teoria gestual são baseados em modelos cognitivos que pressupõem a posse de conteúdo proposicional e de habilidades de raciocínio lógico. Os gestos dêiticos e os motivos cooperativos, que centralizam os argumentos em favor do primitivismo da intencionalidade conjunta/compartilhada, funcionam como dispositivos teóricos que racionalizam a comunicação das crianças pré-linguísticas, visando a preservar a singularidade humana frente aos outros primatas. A racionalização do conceito de intencionalidade, que pode ser mapeada ao longo de uma sequência de publicações, demonstra que o problema visado tem mais a ver com uma concepção idealizada da intencionalidade do que com fatos empíricos.
EDUKASI TERAPI KOMPLEMENTER DIABETES DAN HIPERTENSI PADA MASYARAKAT DESA TOSALE KABUPATEN DONGGALA
Authors: Ismail Ihwan , Yuliet  , Fahrul Hardani Muhammad , Khaerati Khildah
Published: August 2024

Diabetes melitus dan hipertensi merupakan dua  penyakit degeneratif yang mayoritas masyarakat derita diera modern ini. Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit yang ditandai peningkatan kadar glukosa darah disebabkan retensi insulin, selain bekerja merubah glukosa menjadi glikogen, retensi insulin juga dapat mengakibatkan peningkatan retensi natrium di ginjal dan mengakibatkan aktivitas sistem syaraf simpatik. Retensi natrium dan meningkatnya aktivitas sistem syaraf simpatik merupakan dua hal yang berpengaruh terhadap meningkatnya tekanan darah atau sebut hipertensi. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang Diabetes melitus dan hipertensi dan  cara penanganannya dengen terapi komplementer berbasis bahan obat tradsional yang ada disekitar masyarakat sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini menggunakan pendekatan pemeriksaan kesehatan meliputi penimbagan berat badan, tekanan darah dengan tensimeter elektrik, kadar gula darah dengan glokotest dan dilanjutkan dengan penyuluhan dengan memberikan edukasi berupa liaflet dan brosur serta booklet terkait terapi komplemeter berbasis bahan alam pada Diabetes melitus dan hipertensi kepada masyarakat Desa Tosale Kecamatan Banawa Selatan Kabupaten Donggala. Hasil pemeriksaan dari 50 warga Desa Tosale diperoleh 2 % (1 warga) memiliki kadar gula darah diatas 200 mg/dl yang dikategorikan dalam diabetes dan 98% (49 warga) memiliki kadar gula darah normal sedangkan pemeriksaan tenanan darah diperoleh 46% warga dengan tekanan dara normal, 28% kategori prehipertensi, 16% hipertensi stage 1 dan 10 % warga mengalami hipertensi stage 2. Kesimpulan pengabdian ini adala terdapat Meningkatnya pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang diabetes melitus dan hipertensi dan cara penanganannya dengen terapi komplementer bahan obat tradsional yang ada disekitar masyarakat sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan Peningkatan perilaku sehat dengan penggunaan obat berbasis bahan alam
Theta burst stimulation promotes nestin expression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Ninkovic Milica , Milosavljevic Petar , Malicevic Bojana , Stojanovic Ivana , Ilic Tihomir , Ilic Nela , Stevanovic Ivana
Published: August 2024

Background/Aim. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the nervous system in which the myelin sheath is destroyed during the process of neurodegeneration. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of MS in which preservation of myelin and remyelination of axons can improve neuron survival. The aim of the study was to evaluate the activation capacity of neuronal tissue by autoimmune inflammation and treatment with intermittent (i) theta burst stimulation (TBS)- iTBS or continuous TBS (cTBS) based on the expression profiles of nestin in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Methods. Two forms of TBS ? iTBS and cTBS ? were used to extend the period during which axons can be remyelinated. It was investigated how iTBS or cTBS protocols affect the expression profiles of nestin with glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin basic protein (MBP), and neuronal nuclear protein in rat spinal cord. Changes at the molecular level were monitored using the immunofluorescence method. Results. The obtained results showed that both protocols (iTBS and cTBS) increased the expression of nestin and MBP and reduced astrogliosis in the spinal cord of EAE rats. Conclusion. The therapeutic potential of TBS in EAE contributes to the improvement of the intrinsic ability to recover from spinal cord injury.
High-Intensity Interval Training, Caloric Restriction, or Their Combination Have Beneficial Effects on Metabolically Acquired Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Eid Stéphanie A. , Elzinga Sarah E. , Kim Bhumsoo , Rumora Amy E. , Hayes John M. , Carter Andrew , Pacut Crystal , Allouch Adam M. , Koubek Emily J. , Feldman Eva L.
Published: August 2024

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is a prevalent and debilitating complication of obesity, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes, which remains poorly understood and lacks disease-modifying therapies. Fortunately, diet and/or exercise have emerged as effective treatment strategies for PN. Here, we examined the impact of caloric restriction (CR) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) interventions, alone or combined (HIIT-CR), on metabolic and PN outcomes in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. HFD feeding alone resulted in obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and PN. Peripheral nerves isolated from these mice also developed insulin resistance (IR). CR and HIIT-CR, but not HIIT alone, improved HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction. However, all interventions improved PN to similar extents. When examining the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms in whole nerves, we found that CR and HIIT-CR activate the fuel-sensing enzyme AMPK. We then performed complimentary in vitro work in Schwann cells, the glia of peripheral nerves. Treating primary Schwann cells with the saturated fatty acid palmitate to mimic prediabetic conditions caused IR, which was reversed by the AMPK activator, AICAR. Together, these results enhance our understanding of PN pathogenesis, the differential mechanisms by which diet and exercise may improve PN, and Schwann cell-specific contributions to nerve insulin signaling and PN progression.

Article Highlights
Estrategias tecnológicas innovadoras para la enseñanza del ingles
Authors:   Docente ocasional Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador., Evelyn Carolina Macias Silva Evelyn Carolina , Aquino Macias Itzel Estefanya ,   Docente investigador, Aquino Rojas Marco Antonio ,   Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo Ecuador, Barreno Freire Eduardo Santiago ,   Docente Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo, Riobamba, Ecuador.
Published: August 2024

El aprendizaje del idioma inglés ha sido un elemento importante en el intento de la población de lograr mejores empleos y oportunidades académicas. Al mismo tiempo, el incremento constante de nuevas tecnologías y herramientas puestas a disposición de la educación, han permitido nuevas posibilidades a la hora de aprender inglés. Actualmente existen muchas investigaciones sobre las nuevas tecnologías y los cambios radicales que generan en la educación actual, por lo que es importante destacar que el uso de la tecnología y las herramientas digitales en la educación.
Effect of Nixtamalization on Aflatoxins, Functional and Acceptability of Maize from Mulindi, Rwanda
Authors: Twagiramungu Jean de Dieu , Njoroge Daniel , Mburu Monica , Duke Gekonge
Published: August 2024

Rwanda relies highly on maize for human food as well as for animal feed and industrial uses. However, high temperature and wet climate conditions in Rwanda favor the growth of fungi that may lead to mycotoxin contamination in maize and subsequent degradation of its quality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of nixtamalization on the aflatoxins, the functional and acceptability of maize grains from Mulindi, Rwanda. The maize samples were collected from the Mulindi market in Rwanda; representative samples were collected by the guidelines for sampling food for mycotoxin determination. Subsequently, the treated maize samples were dry-milled to produce fine flour, and the flour obtained was analyzed for swelling capacity, water absorption capacity, water solubility, acceptability, and aflatoxins, which were quantified by the HPLC method. The HPLC results showed that the highest total aflatoxin level in maize grains was 44.99 ppb. Cooking maize in water and calcium hydroxide of 1% resulted in a reduction of aflatoxin with degradation percentages of 25% and 88%, respectively. However, in all treatments, aflatoxins B1 and B2 were less reduced compared to aflatoxins G1 and G2. Cooking maize in pure water showed the lowest reduction of aflatoxin compared to the other treatments. However, cooking maize in water with 1% calcium hydroxide decreased aflatoxin to a higher percentage. Cooking maize in lime enhanced the swelling capacity, water absorption capacity, and water solubility of maize, as well as its acceptability. However, the nixtamalization process was observed to reduce aflatoxins levels in maize and improve the functional properties of maize, and therefore, its application could be encouraged for safe products in the market.
Colonial Entanglements and Ecological Power: Spice Commodification in Dune Movie
Authors: Prihatika Yusrina Dinar
Published: August 2024

This study examines the themes of colonial entanglement and ecological power in the film Dune (2021), focusing on the commodification of the spice "melange" on Arrakis. Using postcolonial ecocriticism and cultural studies frameworks, it explores how the film portrays environmental exploitation and the marginalization of the indigenous Fremen. The analysis reveals how colonial powers, like House Harkonnen and House Atreides, dehumanize and oppress the Fremen, ignoring their ecological knowledge and cultural significance. By drawing parallels to real-world colonial histories, the study highlights the film's critique of environmental degradation and cultural marginalization. It underscores the importance of recognizing indigenous knowledge and rights for sustainable and equitable resource management. This interdisciplinary approach provides insights into the ongoing relevance of colonial power dynamics and resource commodification in contemporary society.Keywords : Dune, Ecocriticism, Colonialism, Exploitation, Cultural Marginalization
Self-Acceptance Process for Victims of Sexual Violence in Youth at the Women's Solidarity Foundation for Humanity and Human Rights (SPEK-HAM) Surakarta
Authors: Affa Rima Faiqotul
Published: August 2024

The occurrence of cases of violence is a problem that often occurs in women, not only among adults but also among teenagers and minors. The number of sexual violence in Indonesia is increasing every year so that from time to time it has increased more rapidly than in previous years, often occurring around the victim or even the victim's own relatives. The forms of violence that occur are not only pursuing violence but also forms of sexual violence, children who get sexual forms usually do not respond to their parents towards their environment and society considers sexual violence to be a deviant personality. This study uses a qualitative method with the subject of 2 teenagers who are still in school including class X and class XI. Data were collected by unstructured interviews and observation of victims using a sampling technique. the validity of the data using triangulated data and using triangulation sources to check the sharing of data into conclusions. The results of the research on the process of self-acceptance of victims of sexual violence in adolescents at the SPEK-HAM foundation have 4 stages, namely the rejection stage, the tolerance stage, the enabling stage, the friendship stage with the following characteristics of a strong self, striving for positive things, being comfortable with oneself, able to accept criticism and suggestions.
EFEKTIFITAS INTERVENSI PELATIHAN SELF-REGULATED LEARNING DALAM MEREDUKSI PROKRASTINASI AKADEMIK (Studi pada Mahasiswa yang Menyusun Skripsi di Universitas X)
Authors: Marsyah Ulfy , Djamhoer Temi Damayanti
Published: August 2024

Abstrak: Efektifitas Intervensi Pelatihan Self-Regulated Learning dalam Mereduksi Prokrastinasi Akademik. Prokrastinasi akademik merupakan suatu perilaku menunda-nunda tugas dikalangan mahasiswa yang umum terjadi. Prokrastinasi akademik yang timbul berkaitan dengan penulisan skripsi sering kali dialami oleh para mahasiswa akhir yang sedang menyelesaikan skripsi. Hal ini menyebabkan mahasiswa kesulitan mengerjakan tugas dengan baik, mendapat peringatan dari dosen dan menghambat kelulusan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat efektivitas dari intervensi pelatihan self-regulated learning dalam mereduksi prokrastinasi akademik pada mahasiswa yang menyusun skripsi di Universitas X. Penelitian ini menggunakan the non-equivalent control group dengan jumlah 30 subjek, 15 orang pada kelompok eksperimen dan 15 orang kelompok control. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pelatihan self-regulated learning efektif mereduksi tingkat prokrastinasi akademik mahasiswa sebesar -15%. Hal ini juga terlihat dari hasil uji Paired Sample T-Test 0,000 < 0,05 yang artinya adanya perbedaan tingkat prokrastinasi akademik mahasiswa sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan, dan uji Independent Sample T Test 0,00 < 0,05 yang artinya adanya perbedaan tingkat prokrastinasi akademik mahasiswa antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol yaitu pada kelompok eksperimen yang diberikan pelatihan terjadi penurunan prokrastinasi sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan pelatihan terjadi peningkatan pada prokrastinasi akademik.
Evaluation of inclusive education in Indonesia: Elementary school teachers' perspective
Authors: Rahmi Iftita , Desvianti Erika , Mufitasari Dian , Ariyanti Tika Dwi
Published: August 2024

This quasi-qualitative study explored the concerns, barriers, and impacts of implementing Inclusive Education (IE) in elementary schools in Sumatra and Java, Indonesia. Despite the Indonesian government's mandate to implement IE through Ministry of Education Act No. 70 of 2009, various challenges hinder its effective implementation. A survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 elementary school teachers to gain insight into their experiences and perceptions of IE. The findings suggest that teachers often lack confidence in employing inclusive strategies because of limited knowledge and large class sizes, highlighting the need for ongoing professional development. Additionally, while there is evidence of positive attitudes towards special educational needs (SEN) students among peers and parents, teachers may not fully embrace IE. This study aims to provide a thorough assessment of IE strategies employed in Indonesian elementary schools by analyzing key factors and offering recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of IE for both students and teachers. These findings will inform policymakers, educators, and stakeholders about the current state of IE and the necessary steps to improve it, ultimately contributing to the development of a more inclusive and equitable education system in Indonesia.
The Influence of Global Cultural Infiltration on the Sasak Traditional Marriage System in Lombok Island
Authors: Tarmizi Muhamad Alfin , Sanisah Siti , Sukuryadi Sukuryadi , Prasad Ravinesh Rohit , Junaidin Junaidin , Masâ€™ad Masâ€™ad
Published: August 2024

The essence and existence of culture in its process will gradually change due to various factors, such as the infiltration of global culture. This quantitative study aims to determine the effect of global cultural infiltration on the traditional Sasak marriage system in Lombok Island. The research was conducted in Montong Gamang Village, Kopang District, Central Lombok Regency, with 50 respondents determined by purposive sampling. The research data were obtained through a questionnaire analyzed using the Product Moment Correlation formula. The analysis results show a correlation coefficient (0.639) greater than the value of r-Product Moment (0.279) at a significance level of 5%. This means that global cultural infiltration has a significant effect on the traditional Sasak marriage system in Lombok Island. It is suggested that the tribe can wisely select and accept the foreign culture, be aware of negative influences, and maintain local cultural values.Â Keywords: Cultural Infiltration; Marriage System; Sasak Tribe Custom
Analysis of Spatial Skills Impact of Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (STEM) Approach in Cartography Learning
Authors: Sari Ulfi Andrian , Rizki Kamalia Fitri , Pujianti Berlinda
Published: August 2024

The independent campus curriculum is an effort to increase competition in the 21st century, which requires competent human resources in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). STEM learning responds to the need to increase students' interest and skills in these areas. This study aims to determine the effect of using the STEM approach on spatial thinking skills in cartography learning. This research uses a quasi-experimental method with a one-group pretest-posttest Design, conducted in a single experimental class without a control class.Â Subjects were selected by random sampling through drawing lots, focusing on 5th-semester B students. Data were analysed using a t-test with paired samples T-Test. The results showed a sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.000, which is smaller than the significance value of 0.05. Therefore, H0 is rejected, and Hâ‚ is accepted. To conclude, there is an increase in the average pretest and posttest after learning using the STEM approach, indicating that the STEM approach positively affects spatial thinking skills. Each stage of the STEM approach affects the students' spatial abilities. The science stages develop spatial abilities in the form of spatial interaction. The technology stages enhance the ability to apply applications and scale on maps. The engineering stage fosters analytical, representative and comprehensive skills. The math stage improves the ability to calculate scale and its application in everyday life.Keywords: spatial skills, STEM, cartography
Cytogenetic Analysis Associated with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis in Samples of Iraqi Patients: an in vitro study
Authors: Shareef Saja A. , Al-ezzy Ruqaya M. , Allami Risala H.
Published: August 2024

Background: One of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases is Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), which is characterized by autoantibodies specific to the thyroid but whose precise cause is still unknown. Objectives: By comparing a sample of Iraqi patients with healthy controls using the comet assay, chromosomal abnormalities, micronucleus production, and mitotic index, the current study aims to clarify the cytogenetic impact of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Methods: The study included ten Iraqi patients with HT (six males and four females), ages 20 to 75 years old, compared with ten healthy control groups (six males and four females). Results: The results showed that only cells in metaphase /1000 were being assessed, and the patient group (9.82 ± 0.0153) was more affected than the healthy control group (5.94 ± 0.170). The micronucleus formation result compared to the proportion of healthy controls was (0.004±0.0018 Mn/cell), while the frequency of Mn formation in HT was higher (0.0068±0.00132 Mn/cell). Three parameters were employed in the comet assay to indicate DNA damage in HT patients and healthy controls: tail length (9.2±6.016 and 25.5±10.607 px), tail moment (2.047±2.687 and 11.32±15.058), and DNA damage in the tail (20.892±11.225 and 35.153±44.429%). Conclusion: The percentage of mitotic index, micronucleus formation, and DNA damage detected by the comet assay in HT patients was higher than in healthy control.
The court and judicial proceedings in the villages of Galychyna (between the end of the XVIIIth and the first half of the XIXth century)
Authors: Vyshnevskyi B. S.
Published: August 2024

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the functioning of the judicial system and the peculiarities of the judicial proceedings in the rural communities of Galicia between the end of the XVIIIth century and the first half of the XIXth century. The development of legal institutions following the annexation of Galicia to the Habsburg Monarchy is examined, particularly the introduction of the Austrian judicial system, which replaced traditional forms of rural adjudication. The primary focus is on the changes in the structure of courts, the jurisdiction of judges, the process of case hearings, and the participation of peasants in judicial proceedings.
The article also characterizes the influences of political, social as well economic factors on judicial procedures and decisions. Special attention is given to the role of peasant self-governance and its integration into new legal norms. The article highlights a significant contribution to understanding the evolution of judicial proceedings in the rural areas of Galicia, which will foster a deeper comprehension of the processes of legal modernization in the Austrian Empire. It describes the impact of the Austrian administration on the judicial system, including a series of reforms aimed at unifying judicial proceedings and implementing Austrian law. This led to significant changes in the structure of the courts, their jurisdiction, and the procedures for implementing their decisions, as the peasants of Galicia had their own traditional legal customs and norms, which often conflicted with Austrian legislation.
The integration processes associated with the introduction of the new justice system substantially affected the unique legal culture of the peasants, as rural courts had specific characteristics compared to urban and district courts. The article analyzes legislative acts and reforms introduced by the Austrian authorities in the field of judicial proceedings, their role, and their impact on judicial practice. It identifies the specific features of courts and judicial proceedings in the villages of Galicia during the period under study.
The importance of researching this issue lies in understanding the evolution of legal norms, judicial practice, and their impact on the lives of the rural population. The study of the declared problem allows for a better understanding of the legal and social processes that took place in this part of Europe during the specified period. This not only supplements the general picture of the history of law but also helps to identify the roots of contemporary legal traditions and issues.
International and national legal guarantees for the realization of the status of groups of people with low mobility
Authors: Rohovskyi Ya.
Published: August 2024

The article analyses the international and national legal guarantees for the implementation of the status of groups of people with low mobility.
The article identifies the key principles of international normative acts in the field of rights and freedoms of groups of people with low mobility. Their significance lies in guaranteeing the relevant areas of activity of Ukraine as a State party to create legal, economic, social, and other conditions for ensuring the rights and opportunities of persons with low mobility on an equal footing with other participants in legal relations.
The status of implementation of international guarantees of the status of groups of people with low mobility in national legislation is analysed. The Constitution of Ukraine, the primary laws of Ukraine ‘On the Fundamentals of Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities in Ukraine’, ‘On the Status of War Veterans, and Guarantees of Their Social Protection’, normative acts of the President of Ukraine “On the National Program of Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment of Persons with Disabilities for 2001-2005”, “On Measures to Strengthen Social Protection of Persons with Disabilities; the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine’s regulations on Measures to Improve the Situation of Persons with Disabilities, On Approval of the Action Plan for Creating an Unhindered Living Environment for Persons with Disabilities and Other Low-Mobility Groups for 2009-2015 ‘Barrier-Free Ukraine’, and many others are studied. The implementation of the regulations has resulted in the creation of an unhindered living environment for groups of people with low mobility, the functioning of training courses on creating an unhindered environment for the life of people with disabilities, etc.
The author substantiates the view that the provisions of the analysed current legal acts are the basis for the further formation and implementation of the State policy on the development and adoption of State social guarantees in general and for groups of people with low mobility in particular, national standards and technical specifications, and also for conducting research and development and research work on the implementation of the principles of reasonable accommodation and universal design.