bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Травматический опыт сталинизма в романах Гузели Яхиной
Authors: КАЛАФАТИЧ ЖУЖАННА
Published: September 2021

The traumatic experience of stalinism in the novels of Guzel Yakhina. The focus of the study is on how the bestselling novels of the young writer Guzel Yakhina reflect on Russian collective trauma and the traumatic experience of the 20th century. The novels Zuleikha and My Children are set in the post-revolutionary period, among ethnic groups who were victims of Stalinist terror. The analysis explores how Yakhina depicts the colonialism of the Soviet empire and the role of mythic and mythological models in the interpretation of historical events.
Национально-культурная самоидентификация в русскоязычной художественной литературе XXI века: лингвистический аспект (на материале романа Е. Водолазкина «Лавр»)
Authors: ЛАППО МАРИНА АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА
Published: September 2021

National-cultural self-identification in Russian-language fiction of the XXI century: a linguistic aspect (on the material of E. Vodolazkin’s novel “Laurus”). The paper aims to analyze the linguistic methods of constructing ethnocultural identity in the space of E. Vodolazkin’s novel “Laurus”. The author describes the linguistic identity of the heroes and the narrator, based on the combination of elements of the Old Russian language and various stylistic layers of the modern Russian language, and the significant opposition of the Middle Ages / Ancient Russia. It is proved that the interpretation of national and cultural self-identification in a literary text can become a tool for identifying its semantic dominant.
Kilka uwag na temat nauczania aspektu polskiego czasownika
Authors: PÁTROVICS PÉTER
Published: September 2021

Some Remarks On Teaching Polish Verbal Aspect. The present paper draws attention to some problems related to the teaching of the Polish verbal aspect, while also shedding light on the possible theoretical linguistic back-ground of the description of the Slavic aspect category. The author examines the category of the Slavic verbal aspect in terms of two possible approaches: cognitive linguistics and functional grammar emphasizing the importance of teaching aids: a structural aspect dictionary of the Polish verb and teaching manuals presenting the theories about the Polish verbal aspect.
Проявление межъязыковой интерференции в речевых ошибках венгерских студентов: выражение посессивных отношений
Authors: ПОВАРНИЦЫНА МАРИНА
Published: September 2021

Cross-linguistic interference in Hungarian students’ language mistakes: representation of possessiveness. The article deals with grammatical mistakes associated with representation of possessiveness in the Russian written language of students speaking Hungarian as their native language. There are differences in representations of the possessive relation in two languages such as absence of personal possessive suffixation of names, absence of an indicator of absolute possession, the limited use of the Hungarian possessive pronouns in comparison with the Russian ones. All these form a basis for interference and cause the following mistakes: the excessive use of a possessive pronoun, nondistinction of possession and belonging meanings, wrong choice of the possessive means when expressing procedurality and locality, the excessive use of an incoordinate possessor in the form of the genitive case. Revealing of typical mistakes is aimed at their timely prevention, as well as the development of exercises to correct them.
О некоторых приёмах работы над ритмикой и интонацией в преподавании РКИ
Authors: ТЮРИНА ЮЛИАНА ЮРЬЕВНА
Published: September 2021

About some techniques of working on rhythm and intonation in teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL). Accent-centricity of the Russian phonetic word is an important aspect of the study of RFL and the correct pronunciation. Verbal stress is not only the basis of the rhythmic organization of a phonetic word, but also an integral part of the intonation of the utterance. The article contains practical recommendations that simplify and speed up the process of mastering rhythmic patterns and intonation structures of the Russian language.
Феномен «человека советского» в зеркале монографии «Человек советский: за и против = Homo soveticus: pro et contra»
Authors: КОВАЧ ЕКАТЕРИНА
Published: September 2021

Review
«От автора» к читателю «Братьев Карамазовых» Тайна, чудо и авторитет – герменевтическая перспектива в предисловии романа
Authors: КРОО КАТАЛИН
Published: September 2021

“From the Author” to the Reader of The Brothers Karamazov. Mystery, Miracle and Authority – Hermeneutic Perspectives in the Preface to the Novel. The paper offers new aspects to the critical reading of the widely interpreted preface “From the Author” in Dostoevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazov. Giving a synthesis of the historical, narratological and rethorical perspectives in the interpretation of the given text, this new approach enters a systematic metapoetic explanation. The semantic units examined lead to the triple motif construction, familiar from “The Grand Inqusitor” – mystery, miracle and authority. It is mystery that stands at the focus of the examination within the problem context of cognition, understanding, interpretation. The internally contradictory idea of elucidating something which is still unclear is projected upon such time concepts as pred – post, beginning – end, the actual moment and processuality. These motifs make reference both to the modelled reality and the modelling literary discourse, metapoetically setting a reading strategy for the recipient.
Estimating the Thermal Conductivity of Asphalt Binders
Authors: Obando Carlos J. , Kaloush Kamil E.
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, there is a common worldwide interest in environmental issues and pavements. How to save energy and mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect are topics that are drawing the attention of different researches and industrial organizations. In road infrastructure, one of the important properties addressing environmental and UHI aspects of pavements is the determination of the thermal conductivity. Asphalt concrete represents the third most widely used resource in the world, with asphalt-paved roads being its principal usage. One of the most important components of asphalt concrete is bitumen. Bitumen is a viscoelastic material susceptible to temperature changes. The determination of the bitumen’s thermal conductivity becomes very important in understanding and improving its thermal performance. There are very few test methods and equipment to measure thermal conductivity of bitumen (asphalt binders). Some are expensive and require special equipment and instrumentation. This study developed and validated a simplified testing technique to measure thermal conductivity of asphalt binders. This test is a steady state–based method to estimate the thermal conductivity of asphalt binders using cylindrical samples poured into a silicon mold. The method was validated using material of known thermal conductivity. A total of 18 samples of different binder grades were tested, and the test results were repeatable and within known thermal conductivity values. Sensitivity analysis and accuracy of the proposed method were validated modifying the asphalt binder with a material with a very low thermal conductivity. This method to estimate thermal conductivity of bitumen samples was found to provide an affordable alternative test procedure with good accuracy and precision.
The Lebanese Civil War 1975–90
Authors: Wakim Jamal
Published: September 2021

This article argues that the Lebanese Civil War (1975–90) was in essence a terror of state directed by mercantile economic and political elites (the comprador class) controlling the Lebanese state and society against the middle and poorer classes (the working class). The aim of this terror or organized violence was to subdue the subordinate classes, which in the late 1960s and early 1970s rebelled against the confessional system that operated for the benefit of the comprador class. The rebellion was expressed by members of the working-class joining cross-confessional nationalist and leftist parties. Hence, violence was aimed at reestablishing the confessional order as a means to restore a hegemonic system that served the interests of the comprador class at a time when this class was rehabilitating its economic role by resurrecting the financial system, which had received a severe blow in the late 1960s. It effected this rehabilitation through the Taif Agreement signed between Lebanese parliamentarians in 1989, under the auspices of Syria, Saudi Arabia, and the United States, to favor the new mercantile elite led by Rafiq Hariri.
The Potential of a Sino-Lebanese Partnership through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)
Authors: Zreik Mohamad
Published: September 2021

In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), which includes the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. In 2017, Lebanon officially joined this initiative, and thus China will be present on the western shores of Asia. This paper examines Lebanese–Chinese relations and Chinese direct investment in Lebanon. It explores the dilemma of Chinese investment in Lebanon in light of its troubled security, political, and economic situation. The study relies on a qualitative descriptive analysis to address the status of Chinese investment in Lebanon and the consequences of this partnership.
Variations among North African Military Regimes
Authors: Battera Federico
Published: September 2021

This article explores the differences between two North African military regimes—Egypt and Algeria—which have been selected due to the continuity of military dominance of the political systems. Still, variations have marked their political development. In particular, the Algerian army’s approach to civilian institutions changed after a civilian president was chosen in 1999. This was not the case in Egypt after the demise of the Hosni Mubarak regime of 2011. Other important variations are to be found in the way power has been distributed among the military apparatuses themselves. In the case of Egypt, a principle of collegiality has been generally preserved within a body, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF), which is absent in the case of Algeria, where conflicts between military opposed factions are more likely to arise in case of crisis. How differences generally impact the stability of military rule in these two cases is the main contribution of this paper.
Authoritarian Upgrading and the “Pink Wave”
Authors: Karolak Magdalena
Published: September 2021

This paper analyzes the complex processes that have been shaping the increased involvement of Bahraini women in politics, especially their share in elected political offices as MPs. Looking back at the unprecedented rise of female MPs in electoral polls in 2018, this research examines the last two decades of female progress in politics and looks in depth at the contributing factors. Using the initial factors established through a literature review, it examines their relevance in the Bahraini political environment, and establishes additional factors peculiar to the kingdom. The role of women is interwoven with political liberalization reforms in the first decade of the twenty-first century, but it was also shaped by the current events, namely, the popular uprising of 2011. The uprising was ultimately contained; yet, the authoritarian upgrading that followed paradoxically created opportunities for greater women’s engagement in electoral politics. The case of Bahrain sheds light on how sectarianism, popular uprisings, and authoritarianism affect women’s position in electoral politics in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.
First retrievals of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) from ground-based FTIR solar spectra recorded at remote sites, comparison with model and satellite data
Authors: Mahieu Emmanuel , Fischer Emily V. , Franco Bruno , Palm Mathias , Wizenberg Tyler , Smale Dan , Clarisse Lieven , Clerbaux Cathy , Coheur Pierre-François , Hannigan James W. , Lutsch Erik , Notholt Justus , Cantos Irene Pardo , Prignon Maxime , Servais Christian , Strong Kimberly
Published: September 2021

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is the main tropospheric reservoir of NOx (NO + NO2). Its lifetime can reach several months in the upper cold troposphere. This enables the long-range transport of NOx radicals, under the form of PAN, far from the regions of emission. The subsequent release of NOx through the PAN thermal decomposition leads to the efficient formation of tropospheric ozone (O3), with important consequences for tropospheric oxidative capacity and air quality. The chemical properties of PAN have stimulated the progressive development of remote-sensing products by the satellite community, and recent additions open the prospect for the production of decadal and near-global time series. These products will provide new constraints on the distribution and evolution of this key trace gas in the Earth’s atmosphere, but they will also require reliable measurements for validation and characterization of performance. We present an approach that has been developed to retrieve PAN total columns from ground-based high-resolution solar absorption Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. This strategy is applied to observations recorded at remote FTIR stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The resulting data sets are compared with total column time series derived from IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) satellite observations and to a global chemical transport model. The results are discussed in terms of their overall consistency, mutual agreement, and seasonal cycles. Noticeable is the fact that the FTIR data point to substantial deficiencies in the global model simulation over high latitudes, a poorly sampled region, with an underestimation of the PAN columns during spring, at the peak of the seasonal cycle. Finally, we suggest avenues for development that should make it possible to limit intra- or intersite biases and extend the retrieval of PAN to other NDACC stations that are more affected by water vapor interferences.
Współczesne prawosławne prawo kościelne – problemy związane z systematyzacją i materiałami źródłowymi w języku polskim
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Katedra Teologii Prawosławnej, Polska, Ławreszuk Marek , Makal Piotr ,   Stowarzyszenie Bractwo Prawosławne Świętych Cyryla i Metodego, Polska
Published: September 2021

The article shows the problems related to the attempt to systematize the modern Orthodox Church law. It points to discrepancies related to the source corpus adopted in individual local Churches, as well as shortcomings or understatements in canon law. The final part of the article touches upon the issue of assessing the complementarity of the source materials in Polish, as well as the difficulties associated with the lack of a systematized terminology of Orthodox church law in Polish.
(Re-)Envisioning A New Nova Scotia
Authors: Amstutz Sophia Lorraine
Published: September 2021

This article will discuss the historical impact Black women had in Nova Scotia, along with the beginnings of envisioning what a Black future would like within the province of Nova Scotia, Canada.
Red, Comunidad, Organización. La Escuela como Ecosistema de la Innovación Educativa
Authors: López-Yáñez Julián , Sánchez-Moreno Marita
Published: September 2021

Sea cual sea el punto de partida de un proceso de cambio en educación –un individuo, un aula, un equipo docente, el sistema político– el ecosistema que lo acoge y le da su forma definitiva es el centro escolar. Este artículo revisa la investigación actual sobre la organización escolar como contexto de la innovación, bajo la lente de dos conceptos que han transformado la teoría organizativa: comunidad y red. Se analizan los referentes teóricos y metodológicos, marcos de análisis e investigaciones concretas relacionados con la perspectiva comunitaria o de redes. Con sus respectivos matices, estas perspectivas asumen la innovación como un proceso de aprendizaje y de creación y movilización del conocimiento que se instala en una comunidad de práctica. Los vínculos sociales entre los miembros de esa comunidad prestan su forma original al proceso. Se constata además que los estudios sobre la innovación educativa que asumen la escuela como unidad de análisis están experimentando un notable progreso en el ámbito latinoamericano. El propósito último de los autores ha sido contribuir a la elaboración de un relato integrador que proporcione unidad y consistencia al campo de estudios de la innovación en la escuela y oriente la investigación futura.
Innovación Educativa con TIC en Universidades Latinoamericanas: Estudio Multi-País
Authors: Deroncele-Acosta Ángel , Medina-Zuta Patricia , Goñi-Cruz Félix Fernando , Montes-Castillo Mariel Michessedett , Roman-Cao Eldis , Gallegos Santiago Eloísa
Published: September 2021

La investigación ha demostrado que las condiciones institucionales son fundamentales para potenciar la innovación educativa con TIC. Sin embargo, articular estrategias pertinentes para ello, requiere examinar el liderazgo tecnológico, así como aspectos de gestión y apropiación. Por ello, esta investigación pretende evaluar las Condiciones Institucionales para promover la Innovación Educativa con TIC (CIIETIC) desde la perspectiva de los docentes. Se desplegó un enfoque metodológico mixto, aplicándose un estudio de caso comparado de tipo heterogéneo. Los datos (procesados con SPSS y Atlas.Ti) se recogieron a través de una encuesta online a 154 docentes de 4 universidades latinoamericanas. Se encontró que las CIIETIC entre las universidades participantes son semejantes, con diferencias específicas. Fueron revelados tres factores críticos de éxito: participación en comunidades profesionales de aprendizaje con TIC; capacitación y actualización permanente en TIC; implementación y equipamiento de laboratorios con acceso a Internet en las universidades. Así, implementar una innovación educativa con TIC en universidades latinoamericanas, requiere condiciones institucionales que privilegien estos factores críticos de éxito, desde la gestión de potencialidades formativas de los actores del proceso educativo y el reconocimiento de potencialidades de estudios sobre Educación Superior en la región, permitiendo contextualizar la actualización, acceso, aprendizaje, innovación y uso de las TIC.
La Comprensión Lectora Avanzada a través de las Disciplinas: Variables Instruccionales y Psicoeducativas
Authors: García-Sánchez Jesús-Nicasio , García-Martín Judit
Published: September 2021

El interés por la competencia genérica de comprensión lectora avanzada (CLA) como contenido transversal ha aumentado en el último lustro. En este estudio se persigue identificar factores asociados a los resultados de los estudiantes en CLA. Se realiza un análisis de dos tipos de variables: i) instruccionales: estrategias y técnicas de enseñanza y aprendizaje utilizadas, sistemas de evaluación y enseñanza innovadores, géneros textuales y medios físicos o digitales empleados; y ii) psicoeducativas: compromiso por el aprendizaje, motivación de logro, autoeficacia, estrategias de afrontamiento, inteligencia emocional, atribuciones, autorregulación, estilos de aprendizaje. Se diseña y aplica un cuestionario online, Evaluación y Metodologías Instruccionales en Competencias Genéricas (EMICOG) a estudiantes de pregrado de una universidad Latinoamericana, completándolo 2.775 (48% H, M: 22 años). Los resultados evidencian patrones diferenciales en la mayoría de las variables en función del nivel de CLA como competencia genérica clave para el éxito académico con independencia de la rama y el campo de formación universitaria. Dada su complejidad, cualquier medida que se adopte sobre la actuación para la mejora de la transversalización de la enseñanza y la evaluación de las competencias genéricas debe considerarlos para definir pautas de actuación específicas tales como la creación de observatorios permanentes.
MULTI-LAYER INFERENCE FUZZY TSUKAMOTO DETERMINING LAND SUITABILITY CLASS OF COCOA PLANTS
Authors: Uljanah Iin Intan , Uyun Shofwatul
Published: September 2021

Determining the land suitability class of plants specifically cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is significant to do because each plant has a different characteristic of growth. This research aims at implementing the algorithm to determine the land suitability class of cocoa plants using the Multi-Layer Inference Fuzzy Tsukamoto (MLIFT). This research uses 18 input variables including 15 non-linguistic variables or crisp and the rest are linguistic ones or fuzzy as the data of growth requirements of cocoa plants. Generally, the algorithm used consists of three main steps those are fuzzification, Tsukamoto inference machine, and defuzzification consisting of three layers. The first layer covers seven inference engines, while each of the second and the third ones only consists of one inference engine. The concept of inference process in Fuzzy Tsukamoto is calculating the weighted average of each result of the  nference process. Based on the testing result, it can be concluded that the multi-layer inference Fuzzy Tsukamoto for determining the land suitability class of cocoa plants has an accuracy level amounted 97%.
SISTEM INFORMASI PELAYANAN SIM
Authors: Matsaini Matsaini , Rachmatullah Sholeh
Published: September 2021

The driving license administration service system is a special service provided by Nasional Police to people who want to make a SIM. This service system can be done online. The current application has made it a lot easier in the process of making up the SIM card production. However, there are some problems related to internal reports that must be reported because the service is not yet available in an existing application, so some recapitulation processes are still done conventionally and technical constraints on the server network. This study aims to create a service management information system application (SIMPEL SIM) that can provide solutions to internal reporting and server network technical constraints. The method used software development is waterflow. This application handles the printing of bank payment receipts automatically, granting the applicant's registration number automatically, printing the SIM application form on the form provided. Verification of the completeness of the file, validation of the score of the theory test, practice 1 and practice 2, validation of sim issuance and printing of temporary sim numbers if there is a technical problem in the existing network server. The use of the SIMPEL SIM application makes it easy to recapitulate internal reporting and can improve public services.
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI DIRECT DEBIT DONOR PROGRAMME (DDDP) DENGAN PENDEKATAN INCREMENTAL LIFE CYCLE MODEL (STUDI KASUS LEMBAGA KONSERVASI LINGKUNGAN DI JAKARTA)
Authors: Bausir Suwarjono , Hindasyah Achmad , Tukiyat Tukiyat
Published: September 2021

Direct Debit Donor Programme (DDDP) is a donation program for individuals who are interested in taking part in social activities by direct debit of donations through bank accounts or credit cards which are commonly referred to as supporters or donors. Management of a structured and integrated information system with a good database concept will support a more effective and efficient performance. This study aims to analyze and develop the DDDP information system as a solution for supporter donation data management in increasing time efficiency. Information system development is carried out in stages starting from the need for basic functions in accordance with the development stages with the Incremental model, namely Requirements, Specifications, Architecture Design, Code and Test. modeling system development using the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Data collection was carried out through observation, direct interviews with related parties, viewing documents that were related to the research being carried out and conducting literature reviews. Functional testing on the system uses the black box testing method with the test results not found any errors in the system. The result of this research is a supporter donation data management information system which is named DDDP Application System.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Subclinical and Clinical Leaflet Thrombosis: Multimodality Imaging for Diagnosis and Risk Stratification
Authors: Martín María , Cuevas Javier , Cigarrán Helena , Calvo Juan , Morís César
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the phenomenon of subclinical leaflet thrombosis (SLT) in patients who have undergone transcatheter aortic valve implantation has become increasingly relevant. Hypo-attenuating leaflet thickening and hypo-attenuation affecting motion diagnosed by CT are the hallmarks of SLT, and their incidence varies depending on the intensity of screening. Whether these phenomena are a surrogate for leaflet thrombosis reducing valve durability and increasing the risk of stroke is still a matter of debate. Uncertainty remains over the optimal antithrombotic therapy after TAVI and the best treatment strategy is still not confirmed. Ongoing and future trials will provide more evidence about the best strategy for the prevention and treatment of SLT.
Association between sleep disorders and child violence assessed in Southern Brazil
Authors: Bertoletti Lilian , Scarpa Fernanda Cristina , Costa Michelli Osanai da , Freitas Eduarda Correa , Marin Luana Goulart , Marco Rafael Miranda de , Petkowicz Rosemary de Oliveira
Published: September 2021

Aims: identifying sleep disorders (SDs) in children who experienced child maltreatment.Methods: the study evaluated the sleep pattern of 123 children (from 2 to 10 years old), who received assistance with child maltreatment, based on the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) – applied in a medical consultation after confirmation of the veracity of the child’s report of a violation. The study applied the questionnaire to children seen by doctors in the sector for 11 months.Results: among the children evaluated, 66.7% had SDs. The sample profile was predominantly female (59.3%) and aged between 4 and 7 years old (48.8%). Physical violence was found in 40.7% of the children, in addition to sexual (35.8%), psychological (24.4%), negligence (14.6%) and other types of violence (OTV) (4.5%). SDs are significantly associated with sexual, psychological and OTV (p=0.016). Regarding the subscales, there was a significant difference between the age groups in the bedtime resistance (BR) factor score (p=0.033). The BR characteristic typifies sexual, psychological and OTV. Sleep anxiety (SA) typifies more psychological, sexual and OTV. Night awakenings (NAs) typify psychological, sexual and physical violence. According to the type of violence, significant differences were found in SA (p=0.039), NAs (p=0.026) and BR (p=0.004).Conclusions: the outcomes highlight the association between SDs and child maltreatment. Certain types of violence have a greater negative impact on children’s sleep and correlate with specific SD.
Nailfold capillaroscopy and microvascular involvement in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lima Camila F. , Morais Igor H. , Suckow Kelvin , Nisihara Renato , Skare Thelma
Published: September 2021

Objective: to study the relationship between microvascular lesions of Diabetes Mellitus and alterations in the nailfold capillaroscopy. Subjects and Methods: cross-sectional study including 140 individuals (70 with Diabetes Mellitus and 70 controls). Epidemiological and clinical variables were collected from patient’s charts. Fundus ophthalmoscopy, nailfold capillaroscopy, analysis of microalbuminuria and renal clearance as well as fasting glycaemia and HbA1c values were studied simultaneously.Results: capillary density was reduced, and vascular dilatation was increased in Diabetes Mellitus patients when compared to controls (both with p<0.0001). In diabetic individuals the number of dermal papillary capillaries/mm3 correlated negatively with microalbuminuria (p=0.02), patient’s age (p=0.03), values of HbA1c (p=0.03). Patients with diabetic retinopathy and using antiplatelet agents had lower capillary density (p<0.0001 and 0.04 respectively). Capillary dilatation was associated with disease duration (p=0.04).Conclusion: microvascular disease in Diabetes Mellitus is reflected in nailfold capillaroscopy. Decreased capillary density, increased number of ectasias and increased presence of avascular areas were observed in patients with diabetes when compared to controls. In the present study, capillary density correlated/ associate with age, retinopathy, use of antiplatelet medication, HbA1c, microalbuminuria and diabetes duration. Ectasias or dilatations were related to retinopathy, glomerular filtration rate and longer disease duration.
Fabrication of Silver Nanodendrites on Copper for Detecting Rhodamine 6G in Chili Powder Using Surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Luong Quynh-Ngan , Dao Tran Cao , Vu Thi Thu , Nguyen Manh Cuong , Nguyen Nhu Duong
Published: September 2021

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is increasingly being used as a method for detecting traces of contaminants in a variety of specimens. In order to maximize SERS’s performance, the most important thing is to have highly active SERS substrates. In this report, we present a simple method for synthesizing silver nanodendrites (AgNDs) on the surface of a copper (Cu) plate using chemical deposition method. The results showed that, after fabrication, a large number of fern-like AgNDs formed on the Cu surface. These AgNDs are distributed evenly across the entire Cu surface with a relatively thick density. The prepared AgNDs were applied as SERS substrates for detecting Rhodamine 6G (R6G) in chili powders. The results showed that, using the prepared AgNDs substrates, as low as 10−10 M R6G in chili powders can be detected. This demonstrates the applicability of fabricated AgNDs as a highly active SERS substrate.
Detection of Ultra-Low Concentration of Methylene Blue by Porous Silicon Photonic Crystals Covered With Siver Nanoparticles as Efficient Sers Substrate
Authors: Vu Chinh Duc , Nguyen Thuy Van , Pham Thanh Binh , Pham Van Hoi , Bui Huy , Vu Thi Hong Hanh , Pham Van Hai
Published: September 2021

In this work, porous silicon photonic crystals (PSi PhCs) covered by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate to detect methylene blue (MB) at low concentrations. The limit of MB detection in water by the SERS substrate is evaluated to be 10\(^{-10}\) mol/L. The SERS signal intensities of 446 cm\(^{-1}\) and 1623 cm\(^{-1}\) peaks in SERS spectra of MB are fit in exponential functions of concentrations ranging from 10\(^{-4}\) to 10\(^{-10}\) mol/L. These results show that the AgNPs on PSi PhCs substrates could be applied in environmental sensing.
The Effect of Unparticle in the Processes \(e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow \gamma \gamma\) and \(\gamma e^{-}\rightarrow U^{\mu }e^{-}\) when the \(e^{+},e^{-}\) Beams Are Polarized in Unparticle Physics
Authors: Thuy Dao Thi Le , Thuc Le Nhu
Published: September 2021

We investigate the influence of unparticle physics on the positron-electron  collider via the scalar unparticle  and electron  exchange. From computing the contribution of the unparticle exchange to the cross-section (CS) as well as evaluating the dependence of differential cross-section (DCS) on the scattering angle , we calculate the production of vector unparticle in the photon-electron  collider in s- and t- channels such as missing energy distribution. Besides, we also found that the polarization of the beams also significantly contributes to the CS and DCS of the unparticle production.
Perceptions du changement climatique et pratiques adaptatives des agriculteurs du Sais (Maroc)
Authors: Aziz Larbi , Mahdi Mohammed , Baba Khouya Asmae
Published: September 2021

Este artículo analiza las percepciones del cambio climático, sus efectos en la actividad agrícola y las prácticas de adaptación de los agricultores en la comuna rural de Bittit (provincia de El Hajeb, Marruecos). El análisis de los resultados, de las "entrevistas grupales" y en las "encuestas de cuestionarios" realizadas entre una muestra de agricultores, da cuenta que los agricultores son conscientes del cambio climático. Revela que el universo de percepción, de los cambios de estos agricultores se estructura en torno a tres factores: las precipitaciones, la temperatura y la nieve. Estos factores, afectan los sistemas de producción agrícola y los agricultores responden desarrollando prácticas adaptativas.
Growth, physiological, and biochemical responses of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) to the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under cadmium stress conditions
Authors: HOSSEINI Seyed A. , ROSTAMI Roya , ESMAIELPOUR Behrooz , ETMINAN Alireza , SALIMI Ghobad
Published: September 2021

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants used in various pharmaceutical, osmotic, health, and food industries. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) symbiosis is viewed as one of the several methods to improve growth under heavy metals stress. To investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) and AMF bio-fertilizers on the growth and morpho-physiological characteristics of thyme, a greenhouse experiment was performed in three replications. Experimental treatments included Cd at three levels 0, 75, and 150 mg/kg of soil and AMF at three levels without inoculation, inoculation with Funneliformis etunicatum, and Funneliformis mosseae. Cadmium stressed plant showed reduced plant height, number of leaves, stem fresh and dry weight, and root fresh and dry weight while AMF inoculation enhanced the increased means of these traits considerably. Inoculation with F. mosseae also ameliorated the Cd stress (150 mg/kg) induced reduction in plant height, number of leaves, and stem and root dry weight by 13.41%, 8.42%, 30.3%, and 22.2%, respectively. Cadmium stress reduced membrane stability index while AMF inoculation enhanced membrane stability index considerably. An increase in soluble carbohydrate and proline content was observed due to Cd stress and AMF inoculation caused a further increase in these two metabolite contents ensuring better growth under Cd stressed conditions. Results indicated that F. mosseae had a higher efficiency in increasing morphological traits and improving physiological characteristics than F. etunicatum. Overall, AMF inoculation, especially F. mosseae significant ameliorative potential for Cd toxicity in thyme plants.
Chlorophyll biosynthesis and transcriptome profiles of chlorophyll b-deficient type 2b rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: NGUYEN Minh Khiem , Yang Chi-Ming , SHIH Tin-Han , LIN Szu-Hsien , PHAM Giang Tuyet , NGUYEN Hoang Chinh
Published: September 2021

Photosynthetic and transcriptomic characteristics of a chlorophyll (Chl) b-deficient mutant type 2b rice (ch14) were investigated in this study. The ultrastructure of chloroplast in ch14 demonstrated irregular chloroplast enhancement (loss of starch granules, indistinct membranes, and thinner grana). Ch14 had significantly lower carotenoid, Chl a, Chl b, and total Chl contents, but a higher ratio of Chl a to Chl b than a wide-type rice. 3,594 genes were differentially expressed in ch14, among which 309 transcription factors were related to Chl degradation and biosynthesis, chloroplast formations, and the photosynthesis capacity. PsbR, GSA-AT, PBGD, PPOX, MgMT, and POR genes were down-regulated, reducing Chl content and photosynthetic capacity in the ch14. This study suggests that Chl degradation may be attributed to abnormal chloroplast development and down-regulation of gene expression in the common pathway and Mg branch and the rise in Chl a to Chl b ratio may be involved in the alternative Chl b degradation pathway.
Salicylic acid and nutrient immersion to maintain apple quality and bioactive compounds in postharvest
Authors: OVIEDO-MIRELES Julio C. , SOTO-PARRA Juan M. , SÁNCHEZ Esteban , YÁÑEZ-MUÑOZ Rosa M. , PÉREZ-LEAL Ramona , NOPERI-MOSQUEDA Linda C.
Published: September 2021

The world production of apples in the 2019 cycle reached 7´620,288 tonnes. For marketing purposes and to supply the demand, apple fruits need to be stored for different periods under refrigerated conditions. However, in the market, the shelf life of the fruit is short, the quality decreases in postharvest due to the dynamic changes of its physicochemical properties, which cannot be stopped, but can be slowed down to improve its shelf life. Postharvest treatments by immersing apple fruit in salicylic acid (SA) and nutrients are an innovative technological alternative to maintain their quality. In this study, 5 concentrations were tested for the immersion of apple fruits cv ‘Golden Delicious’, using a 56 factorial arrangement delimited to 25 treatments, using the Taguchi L25 structure: SA 0 - 1.440 mM, potassium (K) 0 - 2.250, calcium (Ca) 0 - 31.500 mM, cobalt (Co) 0 - 0.180 mM, molybdenum (Mo) 0 - 0.0900 mM and magnesium (Mg) 0 - 0.0900 mM. The study was conducted in the municipality of Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, Mexico. After 7 months of storage and 13 days of shelf life, the combination of K, Ca, SA and Co with the appropriate concentration values can maintain the quality variables and bioactive compounds at the desired optimum. It is concluded that the quality variables; firmness, juice percentage, juice density, titratable acidity and total soluble solids and the bioactive compounds; total phenols and antioxidant capacity can be maintained at the desired optimum.
Waterlogging tolerance evaluation of fifteen poplar clones cultivated in the Jianghan Plain of China
Authors: GENG Ruonan , ZHANG Xinye , FAN Xiaoping , HU Qian , NI Tianhong , DU Kebing
Published: September 2021

To provide references for poplar cultivation in waterlogged prone area of Jianghan Plain of China, the waterlogging tolerance of 15 poplar clones widely cultivated in these areas were evaluated based on their responses to 45-day waterlogging stress followed by 15-day drainage recovery in morphology, growth, biomass accumulation, leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The results showed that the normal watered seedlings (CK) of the 15 clones grew vigorously during the experiment, and no defoliation and death occurred. For the seedlings under waterlogging treatment (water 10 cm above the soil surface), its morphology changed markedly, including slowing growth, chlorosis and abscission of leaves, development of hypertrophied lenticels and adventitious roots etc. Waterlogging stress significantly inhibited the seedling growth of height and ground diameter, biomass accumulation, as well as leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the 15 clones with varying degrees. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration/ environmental CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca), variable fluorescence (Fv), variable fluorescence/ initial fluorescence (Fv/Fo) and PS Ⅱ primary light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) decreased gradually with the prolonged waterlogging, and reached their bottom on day 45. During the terminal recovery stage, the leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the most clones increased, but their recovery abilities were significantly different. At the end of the experiment, the highest survival rates (100%) were observed in DHY, HS-1, HS-2, I-72, I-69, I-63 and NL-895, and the lowest (zero) occurred in XYY. Survival rates of the other clones ranged from 33.33% to 83.33%. Both results of cluster analysis and membership function analysis showed that HS-1, I-69, DHY, NL-895 and HS-2 had the strongest waterlogging tolerance, XYY and HBY were the worst, and the other clones were moderate. These results would provide guidance not only for the selection of cultivated varieties in Jianghan Plain, but also for the selection of hybrid parents for waterlogging resistance breeding.
Influence of environmental and nutritional factors on the development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) microgreens grown in a hydroponic system: A review
Authors: RUSU Teodor , MORARU Paula I. , MINTAS Olimpia S.
Published: September 2021

Lettuce microgreens are one of the most popular vegetables due to them being perceived as a “healthy food”, with high concentrations of nutrients, beneficial vitamins, and minerals. With a short vegetation period, they can be cultivated with minimum investment, and they are increasingly accepted by consumers, as they are healthy and easy to prepare. Lettuce has high ecological plasticity, but, despite this, its phenotypic expression, morphology, physiology, and anatomy are significantly influenced by environmental conditions. Lettuce microgreens contain higher quantities of phytonutrients and minerals and lower quantities of nitrates at the early stage of development than at the completely developed stage. The environmental conditions that influence the development of lettuce microgreens (and their quality) in a hydroponic system are as follows (average ideal values): light (400 W), photoperiodicity (12 h), light intensity (400 µmol m−2 s−1), colour spectrum (440-460 nm), temperature (20 ± 2 °C), and humidity (80 ± 5 %). The nutritional solution in a hydroponic system must be carefully monitored, by checking certain essential parameters such as the following (average ideal values): pH (6.3 ± 0.4), electrical conductivity (1.8 ± 0.2 mS), dissolved oxygen (6 mg L−1), and temperature (18 ± 2 °C). The analysis of expert literature reveals that there is a need to establish certain protocols for cultivating microgreens in hydroponic systems, to minimize the factors that can negatively influence the plants, in order to obtain higher concentrations of active substances.
Extensive transcriptome changes underlying the fruit skin colour intensity variation in purple eggplant
Authors: ZHOU Xiaohui , LIU Songyu , LIU Yaping , LIU Jun , YANG Yan , WANG Dan , ZHUANG Yong
Published: September 2021

Fruit skin colour intensity is one of the most important economic traits of purple eggplant. A wide diversity for fruit skin colour intensity exists in purple eggplant and the accumulation of anthocyanins and chlorophylls of fruit skin mainly affected colour intensity. However, limited information is available contributing to the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit skin colour intensity variation in purple eggplant. In the present study, variation of two purple eggplant advanced lines EP26 and EP28, with different fruit skin colour intensity was investigated. Higher anthocyanin contents and lower chlorophyll contents were observed in EP26 with deeper fruit skin colour intensity at two developmental stages. Comparative transcriptome analysis of EP26 and EP28 identified a total of 2218 differential expressed genes (DEGs) at two developmental stages. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis. In addition, a total of 131 transcription factors including MYB, bHLH, WRKY, and NAC exhibited dynamic changes, which might be responsible for the variation of fruit pigments accumulation between EP26 and EP28. Taken together, these results expand our knowledge of molecular mechanisms underlying fruit skin colour intensity variation in eggplant, which allowing for improvement of fruit coloration in eggplant breeding.
Phytotoxicity and allelopathic potential of extracts from rhizomes and leaves of Arundo donax, an invasive grass in neotropical savannas
Authors: GIROTTO Lucas , FRANCO Augusto C. , NUNEZ Cecilia V. , OLIVEIRA Sarah C.C. , SCHEFFER de SOUZA Maria C. , FACHIN-ESPINAR Maria T. , FERREIRA Cristiane S.
Published: September 2021

The perennial rhizomatous grass Arundo donax L. (Poaceae), the giant reed, is an exotic invasive species in several countries of Europe that is rapidly spreading in the savannas of Central Brazil, locally known as Cerrado. Allelopathy could facilitate the successful invasion of this species by hampering or suppressing the regeneration of the native vegetation. However, information on the phytotoxicity of A. donax extracts is limited.  We investigated the allelopathic potential of A. donax leaf and rhizome extracts, screened them for phytochemicals by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), and tested the extracts for antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity against Artemia salina. Aqueous and methanolic extracts were initially tested in germination and seedling growth bioassays using Lactuca sativa L. (Asteraceae). The aqueous extracts were then tested on five Cerrado tree species and on Megathyrsus maximus, an invasive, alien grass in the Cerrado. Extracts negatively affected germination and seedling growth of the target species. Leaf extracts were more inhibitory. Extracts did not show antioxidant and cytotoxic activity and had very low antimicrobial activity. Flavonoids, and other phenolics were detected mostly in leaves. Terpenes, which were also present in the leaves, were the main secondary metabolites in rhizomes. Alkaloids were detected by TLC in leaf methanolic extracts. However, 1H-NMR revealed the presence of indole alkaloids in methanolic extracts from rhizomes and leaves. We confirmed the allelopathic potential of this species and caution against weed control methods relying on cutting the plant back to soil level for favouring release of allelochemicals.
Regulation of curcuminoids, photosynthetic abilities, total soluble sugar, and rhizome yield traits in two cultivars of turmeric (Curcuma longa) using exogenous foliar paclobutrazol
Authors: CHUNGLOO Daonapa , TISARUM Rujira , SAMPHUMPHUANG Thapanee , SOTESARITKUL Thanyaporn , CHA-UM Suriyan
Published: September 2021

Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a member of plant growth retardants, commonly applied for growth regulation, yield improvement, and biotic and abiotic stress alleviation. However, the effects of PBZ on turmeric (Curcuma longa L.; Zingiberaceae), a rhizomatous herb, have not been well established. The objective of this investigation was to gain a better understanding of the effect of PBZ on two different varieties of turmeric plants, ‘Surat Thani’ (‘URT’; high curcuminoids >5% w/w) and ‘Pichit’ (‘PJT’; low curcuminoids <3% w/w). Pseudostem height of cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ was significantly decreased by 14.82% over control, whereas it was unchanged in cv. ‘URT’. Interestingly, leaf greenness (SPAD value), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and photon yield of PSII (ΦPSII) in cv. ‘PJT’ treated by 340 µM PBZ were significantly elevated by 1.47, 1.28 and 1.23 folds, over control respectively. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in cv. ‘PJT’ declined by 38.58% (340 µM PBZ) over control, as a result of low levels of total soluble sugars (TSS; 127.8 mg g-1 DW) in turmeric rhizome. A positive relation between photosynthetic abilities and aerial fresh weight was demonstrated. In addition, a negative relationship between TSS and total curcuminoids was evidently found (R2 = 0.4524). Curcuminoids yield in turmeric rhizomes significantly dropped, depending on the degree of exogenous foliar PBZ applications. In summary, cv. PJT was found to be very sensitive to PBZ application, whereas rhizome yield and growth traits and high amount of curcuminoids were retained in cv. ‘URT’. Plant growth retention in turmeric cv. ‘URT’ using 170 mM PBZ foliar spray without negative effects on rhizome biomass and total curcuminoids content was demonstrated.