bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atividades não presenciais para a educação infantil
Authors: Martins Thiago de Melo
Published: January 2021

Análise de como se deram as atividades não presenciais para a Educação Infantil, em especifico uma sala de creche a normativas municipais redigidas pelo poder executivo e Conselho Municipal de Educação de Sorocaba para se cumprir o direito a educação apontado pela Base Nacional Curricular Comum (BNCC), da mesma forma que, inferir pelo relato de experiência sobre as devolutivas das atividades não presenciais (ANPs) pelas famílias. Para tanto, foi utilizada a abordagem autobiográfica e análise documental, dentro do referencial teórico, de como se deu o processo das atividades remotas em uma creche municipal de Sorocaba. O relato de experiência de quem planejou e seguiu as orientações, desde a escolha dos objetivos de aprendizagem à recepção das devolutivas das atividades pelos familiares e observação realizada e aplicação das ANPs serve para constatar o avanço das crianças que realizaram a maior parte delas, em contrapartida estagnação na aprendizagem para quem pouco realizou.
Differentiating the Corrective Instruction in the Light of Student’s Reflection
Authors: TOKER Zerrin
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This study focuses on students’ reflections on their prior learning, action plans generated by them, and the corrective instructional design process. The concern that initiates the beginning of this action research is two folds: on the side of students, to maximize students benefit from corrective instruction and on the teacher’s side, being more aware of the students’ lack of knowledge regarding related concepts in mathematics. This action research study is performed in three steps: Students’ reflection on their current situation related to prior mathematics learning as a base for their prospective learning, a process for generating an action plan for corrective instruction and implementation of an action plan based on those evaluations. Besides, it aimed to give teachers a basis for the design of the next stage of instruction. The study’s significance of prior learning on the effectiveness of new learning in mathematics offers concrete suggestions on how to design corrective instruction in light of students’ reflections and action plans. For the theory of practice, both the process and the study results will provide valuable information for teaching mathematics
Investigation of the Prospective Science Teachers' Views on the Problems and Solutions Regarding Science and Technology
Authors: ZORLU Fulya
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigation of the prospective science teachers' views on the problems (as are the waste of natural resources, the information pollution, sharing information without confirming their validity of information, communication problems among people, spending extra time and money, the laziness, the obesity, the environmental pollution, the global warming etc.) and solutions regarding science and technology. Research method of this study was case study method. The four second year prospective science teachers attending education faculty of a state university were participated to this study. The data tools of this research were used questions in focus group interviews. The data obtained from the focus group interviews were analyzed using content analysis method. According to the results obtained from this study, prospective science teachers were expressing many problems within the framework of individual, social and environmental on science and technology sourced problems. Considering the results obtained from this study, it can be said that the solutions suggested by the prospective science teachers to solve the science and technology sourced problems are limited and can be improved.
RIPARIAN AND SWAMP FORESTS AND SCRUB OF THE PINÉ PLATEAU (TRENTINO, NORTHERN ITALY)
Authors: PEDROTTI Franco
Published: January 2021

The riparian and swamp forests/scrub of black alder (Alnus glutinosa), white alder (Alnus incana), grey willow (Salix cinerea) and bay willow (S. pentandra) of the Piné Plateau (Trentino, central Alps) are described here in terms of their floristic composition. They are assigned to the following associations: Filipendulo vulgarisAlnetum glutinosae, Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae, Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae, Carici elataeAlnetum glutinosae, Frangulo-Salicetum cinereae and Salicetum pentandro-cinereae. In addition, information regarding the distribution of the previous woody communities in the Trentino-Alto Adige Region and their corresponding vegetation series and geosigmeta are provided.
Employing Long Short-Term Memory Networks in Trigger Detection for Emetophobia
Authors: Mircea M.-M.
Published: January 2021

Research focused on mental health-related issues is vital to the modern person’s life. Specific phobias are part of the anxiety disorder umbrella and they are distressing afflictions. Emetophobia is the rarely known, yet fairly common and highly disruptive specific phobia of vomiting. Unlike other phobias, emetophobia is triggered not only by the object of the specific fear, but also by verbal and written mentions of said object. This paper proposes and compares ten neural network-based architectures that discern between triggering and non-triggering groups of written words. An interface is created, where the best models can be used in emetophobia-related applications. This interface is then integrated into an application that can be used by emetophobes to censor online content such that the exposure to triggers is controlled, patient-centered, and patient-paced.
«La vida imitada. Narrativa, performance y visualidad en Pedro Lemebel», de Fernando A. Blanco (ed.)
Authors: Mérida Jiménez Rafael Manuel
Published: January 2021

Reseña del libro La vida imitada. Narrativa, performance y visualidad en Pedro Lemebel (Madrid-Frankfurt, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 2020), de Fernando A. Blanco (ed.).
Golden Ratio
Authors: Rajput Dr. Chetansing
Published: January 2021

This paper introduces the unique geometric features of 1:2:  right triangle, which is observed to be the quintessential form of Golden Ratio (φ). The 1:2:  triangle, with all its peculiar geometric attributes described herein, turns out to be the real ‘Golden Ratio Triangle’ in every sense of the term. This special right triangle also reveals the fundamental Pi:Phi (π:φ) correlation, in terms of precise geometric ratios, with an extreme level of precision. Further, this 1:2:  triangle is found to have a classical geometric relationship with 3-4-5 Pythagorean triple. The perfect complementary relationship between1:2:  triangle and 3-4-5 triangle not only unveils several new aspects of Golden Ratio, but it also imparts the most accurate π:φ correlation, which is firmly premised upon the classical geometric principles. Moreover, this paper introduces the concept of special right triangles; those provide the generalised geometric substantiation of all Metallic Means.
Algunas reformas institucionales pendientes
Authors: Rubio Carracedo José
Published: January 2021

El modelo democrático vigente, en especial el latino, adolece de un grave defecto de diseño: la excesiva hegemonía de los partidos políticos, sin cuya mediación –y mediatización– no es posible participar en la vida política. El autor traza la genealogía histórica del modelo partidocrático, con especial atención al caso español, y apunta las principales reformas constitucionales y legislativas que considera imprescindibles para conseguir una regeneración del modelo democrático.
La aplicación del crossfit en el ámbito escolar
Authors: Fuentes-Lorca A
Published: January 2021

Esta investigación, realizada en el ámbito educativo, se ha centrado en la aplicación de la modalidad deportiva CrossFit. Los sujetos de dicho estudio son alumnos y alumnas de sexto curso de educación primaria, los cuales pertenecen a familias de un nivel socioeconómico medio-alto. Se ha pretendido conectar los resultados y la evolución de la aplicación de esta precitada modalidad deportiva dicho proceso con aspectos relacionados con la salud tales como el índice de masa corporal (IMC), así como con su estilo de vida activo, o no, a través del cuestionario internacional de actividad física (IPAQ).
A founder mutation in the ETHE1 gene and ethylmalonic encephalopathy in the Omani population
Authors: Balushi Aaisha , Bakri Nooh , Hashmi Nadia
Published: January 2021

Background: Ethylmalonic encephalopathy (EE) is a devastating early-onset inborn error of metabolism, and heterogenous disorders manifest as chronic diarrhea, petechial rash, and neurological manifestations. The mutation in the ETHE1 gene leads to hydrogen sulfide accumulation and eventually results in mucosal cell damage in the large intestines and vascular endothelial cells system.
Case presentation: Here, we describe four patients from three different tribes in Oman, and the clinical data revealed that the four patients shared an early-onset phenotype and the neurological manifestations were variable. The biochemical markers, specifically the urine organic acid and hyperlactimic acidosis, supported and tailored the diagnosis. Molecular diagnosis was confirmed by full gene sequencing of the ETHE1 gene in the
index case and followed by target variant testing for others. Interestingly, all four patients identified to harbor the same homozygous missense pathogenic variant (c.487c > t) in the ETHE1 gene, and their parents were all heterozygous. These findings indicate that we probably have a founder variant associated with EE in our area.
Conclusion: These findings are of great importance for diagnosis and surveillance for Omani families with EE. Given the relatively high number and frequency of genetic diseases in the region and the limited resources, screening for these founder mutations should provide a rapid and cost-effective tool for molecular diagnosis. Additionally, these findings should help in designing appropriate measures for carrier screening measures at the regional level.
PEMBERDAYAAN GURU PAUD DALAM PENGENALAN LITERASI BAHASA ASING MENGGUNAKAN METODE BERNYANYI BERBASIS NILAI-NILAI ASWAJA SE-LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: ZUNIATI MAI , Dea Leli Fertiliana , Prasetyawati Eka
Published: January 2021

Kegiatan  PKM  pemberdayaan  guru PAUD dalam  pengenalan literasi  bahasa  asing menggunakan metode bernyanyi berbasis nilai-nilai aswaja se-lampung tengah, dilatar belakangi oleh beberapa hasil temuan yang menunjukan masih lemahnya penguasaan kebahasaan guru-guru yang mengenal bahasa asing secara baik. Selanjutnya minat mereka terhadap hal tersebut sebagai salah satu materi ajar dalam meningkatkan kemampuan akademik siswa berbanding terbalik dengan latar belakang mereka yang berasal dari disiplin ilmu yang berbeda. Hal   diataslah   yang   mengarahkan   tujuan   pendampingan   ini   bermuara,   dimana pengenalan literasi bahasa asing (Inggris dan Arab) perlu dilakukan dengan beberapa langkah pengabdian disisipkan atas tujuan tertentu. Sebut saja metode bernyanyi dan muatan islam ahlusunnah wal jama’ah. Metode bernyanyi dipakai sebagai salah satu aktifitas vital yang banyak dipakai dan disukai oleh guru dan siswa, sedangkan muatan aswaja an-nahdliyah dipilih sebagai landasan penting, mendasar dan urgent untuk diberikan sedini mungkin dalam mencetak generasi bangsa modern yang moderat. Metode ABCD (Aset Community Based Development) dipilih melalui langkah-langkah Discovery (menemukan), Dream (impian),   Design (merancang), Define (menemukan) dan Destiny (melakukan). Melalui metode ini, penemuan aset dan potensi mengarahkan pada pengadaan kegiatan berupa seminar dan pelatihan sampai menghasilkan produk berupa buku kumpulan lirik dan video yang telah di unggah di situs berbagi video youtube.
KESIAPAN PENGAJAR DALAM MEMBANGUN DAN MENGEMBANGKAN CRITICAL THINKING MAHASISWA S1 FAKULTAS HUKUM DALAM METODE PENGAJARAN CASE LAW STUDIES DI INDONESIA
Authors: FRISTIKAWATI YANTI , CANDINI TIVANA ARBIANI , RAHARNINGTYAS M. PUTRI PURBASARI
Published: January 2021

Perkembangan dunia ilmu hukum saat ini berjalan begitu cepat. Tak terkecuali yang terjadi di indonesia, mengingat sistem hukum yang digunakan adalah sistem hukum tertulis (civil law) yang biasanya tidak menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus dalam system pembelajarannya. Untuk itu dibutuhkan sistem pembelajaran baru yaitu Case Based Learning  atau biasa dikenal dengan Pembelajaran dengan Studi Kasus dimana dalam sistem pembelajaran ini didasarkan pada putusan yang sesungguhnya. Sehingga selain dapat membuat mahasiswa memahami putusan hakim, cara ini juga mengembangkan Critical Thinking. Pelaksanaan Sistem pembelajaran yang dijelaskan diatas tidak lepas dari peran penting Pengajar sebagai pihak yang Mengarahkan, Menggerakan dan Memastikan agar tujuan dari sistem pembelajaran tersebut tercapai. Dalam prakteknya masih ditemui beberapa kendala dalam menyiapkan Pengajar Dalam Membangun dan Mengembangkan Critical Thinking Mahasiswa S1 Fakultas Hukum dalam Metode Pengajaran berbasis Studi Kasus di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian yang telah dilakukan,ditemukan bahwa kendala utama dalam mensiapkan pengajar adalah kompetensi dan profesionalisme pengajar dan pengembangan kualitas pembelajaran sehingga perlu dilakukan perbaikan secara Internal maupun Eksternal secara sinergis sehingga dapat menyiapkan pengajar yang dapat membangun dan mengembangkan Critical Thinking Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum baik dengan cara workshop atau pelatihan khusus.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS IN THE GOVERNMENT
Authors: Devialesti Veni
Published: January 2021

Good governance is a prerequisite for effective government formation. For this reason,         a competent apparatus is needed to improve its performance so that governance can run optimally. Performance is the result of work in quality and quantity achieved by an employee in carrying out his duties in accordance with the responsibilities given to him, Mangkunegara (2007).The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of effectiveness on employee performance in Bandar Lampung City Government .Based on the results of the study found Variable organizational effectiveness is a very effective variable to improve employee performance.
Relate North: Tradition and Innovation in Art and Design Education
Authors: Jokela Timo , Coutts Glen
Published: January 2021

The work of a diverse group of authors; researchers, scholars, artists and educators from Canada, Finland, Norway, Russia (Komi, Yakutia, Khanty-Masky), UK and USA (Alaska) is presented in this book. The shared focus is encapsulated in the title of this volume, the seventh in the Relate North series: Tradition and Innovation in Art and Design Education. The multifaceted notions of ‘tradition’ and ‘innovation’ especially in the rapidly changing environmental and sociocultural circumstances in the different countries and regions across the circumpolar North provide the reader with a rich tapestry of accounts of applied practice and context-sensitive research. Although principally concerned with research and knowledge exchange in art and design education in the North and the Arctic, the contributors investigate issues and topics that may have wider interest, for example, the sociocultural and political dimensions of living in rural places and urban settings in remote and peripheral areas in other parts of the world.
Impacts of Corporate Citizens' Commitments on The Moroccan Consumer
Authors: Mohamed Belafhaili
Published: January 2021

Our article seeks to understand how perceptions of social and societal responsibility of brands influence the process of consumer engagement. For this, we are interested in the specific expectations of consumers in terms of the social responsibility of the citizen brands they consume.Our results indicate that a consumer perceives a brand as socially responsible if it assumes, in addition to its environmental and philanthropic responsibility, a health responsibility for the respect of the health of its consumers. Our results confirm the influence of social responsibility perceptions on consumer engagement with the brand and offer a new understanding of the relationship process at work.
Boosting the Network Performance using Two Security Measure Scenarios for Service Provider Network
Authors: Mustafa Abdulkadhim  , Sami Hasan
Published: January 2021

Network security is defined as a set of policies and actions taken by a network administrator in order to prevent unauthorized access, penetrated the defenses and infiltrated the network from unnecessary intervention. The network security also involves granting access to data using a pre-defined policy. A network firewall, on the other hand, is a network appliance that controls incoming and outgoing traffic by examining the traffic flowing through the network. This security measure establishes a secure wall [firewall] between a trusted internal network and the outside world were a security threat in shape of a hacker or a virus might have existed
The Influence of Demographic and Family Characterristics on Learning Outcome of Vietnamese and Eastern Asian Students (2015 PISA Data Analysis)
Authors: Huong Vu Thi
Published: January 2021

This paper uses the 2015 PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) data to test the hypotheses in the theoretical research framework of the influence of demographic and family characteristics on learning outcome of Vietnamese and Eastern Asian students. The research result demonstrates that among demographic characteristics not going to kindergarten, going to kindergarten less than one year or late entrance grade 1 of primary school can reduce the learning outcome of students. However, the study finds that the gender difference in learning outcome does not have statistical significance. Among family characteristics, socio – economic condition has positive influence on learning outcome. In the relationshiops with demographic characteristics, the other family characteristics tend to have various influences on learning outcome. The paper also indicates that Vietnamese students tend to achieve higher learning outcome than that of Eastern Asian students
The Important Level and the Results to Create Motivations for High-school Teachers in Middle North of Vietnam
Authors: Tan Nguyen
Published: January 2021

Motivations for high-school teachers have been implemented for research in 4 provinces of Middle North of Vietnam including Thua Thien Hue, Nghe An, Thanh Hoa and Quang Tri. The research is based on Amabile and Kramer’s Progress Theory, together with human management model of Harvard; the additional measurements being questionnaires, interviews, data analysis and process to evaluate the state of creating motivations for teachers of high-school principals, which include 5 managerial contents: investigating the benefits of related parties, implementing suitable management methods, selecting policies to manage teaching staff, evaluating the results improved by teachers, evaluating career development of teachers, educational effectiveness and social development. Those contents are recognized by managing staff and high-school teachers, yet the results have been medium or above medium although those contents are highly important. Thereby, the theme indicates 5 methods to create motivations for high-school teachers to improve their working motivations in the context of implementing high-school educational program 2018.
Ocena zawartości metyloglioksalu w miodzie manuka znajdującym się na rynku krajowym
Authors: Łuczycka Deta , Olczyk Maciej
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Recently, mass media published a number of articles doubting health promoting effect of manuka honey (MH). On the other hand, many researchers emphasize beneficial effect of honey on human digestive tract, respiratory system and skin. However, the honeys tested for their health promoting effects came from certified sources and met the applicable harvesting, storage and packing standards between the production and testing. Aim. The purpose of the study was to compare quality features of manuka honey (MH) imported to and sold in, Poland: methylglyoxal (MGO), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and diastase number (DN) declared for product lots by producers and distributors vs. the actual figures. Material and methods. The study tested 45 samples of MH coming from 9 producers, acquired from different local suppliers (importers and distributors), marketed in Poland in 2014-2015. The contents of MGO were measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The contents of HMF were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (HPLC-UV) in accordance with the regulation by the Polish Minister of Agriculture. DN were determined using the photometric method acc. To the regulation by the Polish Minister of Agriculture. Results. A review of the test results revealed a relationship between the declared and the actual contents of MGO. For the MH with MGO > 500, the actual values were different more frequently. For the MH with higher declared MGO contents (< 500), commercial quality of the products was worse (too high HMF and too low DN). Conclusions. The MH with MGO under 500 mg/kg can be recognized as satisfactory in terms of MGO contents and commercial quality.
Zastosowanie miodu i roślin leczniczych w chorobach ośrodkowego układu nerwowego
Authors: Kędzia Bogdan , Hołderna-Kędzia Elżbieta
Published: January 2021

Literature data indicate that honey is characterized by a multidirectional positive influence on the central nervous system. It exerts a sedative effect and makes it easier to fall asleep. Administration of honey brings beneficial effects in the treatment of neuroses, especially neurasthenic neurosis. It contributes to the renewal of the mental strength of the body, and also has a beneficial effect on the weakened nervous system, especially in states of overworking, exhaustion, apathy, dementia and hysteria. Honey proves an adaptogenic activity, namely it increases physical fitness, acts positively on the nervous system; improves mental acuity, mental consociating, ease of learning and memorization, and also are confirmed immunostimulating effects. It is also characterized by beneficial effects in systemic neuroses on sexual background. Honey aided by sedative and adaptogenic herbs has proved to be very useful for treating many diseases of the central nervous system, including in epilepsy and children night urination. The discussion includes activity of some plant materials with a specific therapeutic effect in diseases of the central nervous system, such as: radix of Valerian, herb of Motherwort, Hop cones, herb of St. John’s Wort, inflorescence of Wild Chamomile and the radix of Roseroot.
Przeciwbakteryjne działanie olejku rozmarynowego (Oleum Rosmarini) na bakterie beztlenowe
Authors: Kędzia Anna , Kędzia Andrzej W. , Wiśniewska Joanna
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Rosmarinus officinalis L. a member of family Lamiaceae is widely found in many countries of North Africa, America and Europa. It grown to 2-3 m high. The plant produced of essential oils. The composition of rosemary oil based on genotype, climate, geography, and method of preparation. The major constituents of the oil are 1-8 cineole, α-pinene, camphene, α-terpineol, borneol, camphor, β-myrcene, geraniol, eugenol, p-cymen, linalool, romarinic acid and caffeic acid. Rosmarinic acid is well adsorbed from gastrointestinal tract and from the skin. The oil is used in medicine as an anti-inflammation, anticancer, analgesic, antidiabetic, antiulcerogenic, hepatoprotective, antirheumatic, antiepileptic, diuretic and anti Alzheimer disease. The extracts and essential oil have antimicrobial activity towards bacteria, fungi, viruses and insects. Aim. The goal of this work was to test the antimicrobial activity of rosmarinic oil on anaerobic bacteria. Material and methods. The bacterial strains were isolated from oral cavity. A total 33 strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated from patients and 6 reference strains were investigated. The susceptibility (MIC) was determined by the two-fold of plate dilution method in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The rosmarinic oil (Semifarm) was dissolved at first in DMSO and afterwards in distilled water. Concentrations of oil used were 0.06, 0.12, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml. The inoculum containing 106 CFU/per spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with oil and without the oil (the strains growth control). Incubation the plates was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jar, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentrations of rosmarinic oil that completely inhibited the growth of tested anaerobic bacteria. Results. The results indicated that the tested bacteria were high sensitive to the essential oils. The most susceptible from Gram-negative bacteria were the rods from genus of Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Prevotella levii and Bacteroides uniformis (MIC ≤ 0.06 mg/ml). The strains from genus Prevotella buccalis and Bacteroides vulgatus were less sensitive (MIC = 0.5 mg/ml). Remainded Gram-negative rods were susceptible to the oil in concentrations in range from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/ml. The rosmarinus oil was more effective against the Gram-positive bacteria. The most susceptible from the cocci were strains from the genus of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Parvimonas micros (MIC 0.25-≤ 0.06 mg/ml) and from rods Gram-positive rods genus of Actinomyces viscosus and Bifidobacterium breve (MIC 0.12-≤ 0.06 mg/ml). Conclusions. The results indicated that the rosmarinic oil showed high antibacterial activity against all tested anaerobic bacteria. The more susceptible to oil were the Gram-positive bacterial strains than Gram-negative anaerobic rods.
Bauhinia forficata Link – brazylijskie drzewo storczykowe
Authors: Sobolewska Danuta , Wróbel Dagmara , Michalska Klaudia
Published: January 2021

Bauhinia forficata is a widely distributed species in Brazil. Because of its decorative, orchid-like flowers, it is often called the Brazilian orchid tree. In traditional medicine, the leaves of this plant are widely used as glucose-lowering agent in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The flavonoid glycoside – kaempferitrin is believed to be the active compound responsible for the hypoglycaemic effect. Quantitative studies of this flavonoid in the leaves have shown that its content depends to a large extent on the place of harvest and the method of extraction of plant material. Apart from their application to diabetic patients, leaf extracts are also used in the treatment of urolithiasis and hypercholesterolemia. The article presents the morphological characteristics of Bauhinia forficata and its preferred habitat conditions. The results of the chemical composition study on this plant species are presented, with particular reference to the flavonoid fraction. Moreover, pharmacological activities reported for this plant species, including hypoglycemic, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity, are briefly described. The use of B. forficata extracts in Brazilian folk medicine, traditional forms of application of extracts made from various morphotic parts of the plant and other potential uses of this species in medicine are also presented.
Wpływ olejku świerkowego (Oleum Picea excelsa) na bakterie beztlenowe
Authors: Kędzia Anna , Hołderna-Kędzia Elżbieta
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Spruce (Picea abies L.) is a member of family Pinaceae. It was known and used in ancient. The tree grown to 50 m height. Produced by conifers etheric oil possesses antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The major compounds of the spruce oil are: pinene, cadinene and felandrene. It is obtained hydro distillation method. Aim. The aim of the date was to investigate activity of spruce oil against anaerobic bacteria. Material and methods. The 53 of anaerobic bacteria isolated from oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, in it 32 strains of Gram-negative rods, 12 Gram-positive rods and 9 Gram-positive cocci were tested. Moreover investigated 8 reference strains. Susceptibility (MIC) was determined by two-fold dilution technique in Brucella agar with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The spruce oil was dissolved in DMSO and distillated water to obtained a final concentrations 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. The inoculums containing 106 CFU/ml was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with oil or without tested essential oil (strains growth control). Incubation the agar plates was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jars containing 10% C02 , 10% H2 and 80% N2 , palladic catalyst and anaerobic indicator, at 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was established as the lowest concentration of the spruce oil that inhibiting the growth of tested anaerobes. Results. The results of these investigations indicated that the most susceptible to spruce oil from Gram-negative bacteria were the strains Prevotella intermedia (MIC 5.0-10.0 mg/ml) and Porphyromonas levii (MIC = 7.5 mg/ml). The growth of strains from genus Bacteroides fragilis was inhibited by concentration > 20.0 mg/ml, and Tannerella forsythia in ranges from 15.0 to > 20.0 mg/ml. The Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible. The growth of 50% of this rods was inhibited in concentration 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. From Gram-positive rods from genus of Actinomyces odontolyticus were the most susceptible. The 75% of the rods were inhibited by spruce oil in concentrations 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The least sensitive was the strain Actinomyces viscosus (MIC = 15.0 mg/ml). The tested oil was more active on account Gram-positive cocci. The growth was inhibited by concentrations in ranges 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The Gram-positive cocci were more susceptible than Gram-positive rods. The data indicated that the spruce oil was more active towards Gram-positive rods than Gram-negative anaerobes. Conclusions. From the Gram-negative bacteria the Prevotella rods were the more susceptible to spruce oil. The oil was the less active towards Gram-negative rods from genus Tannerella forsythia. From Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria the Gram-positive cocci were the more susceptible to spruce oil then Gram-positive rods.
Income Inequality and Population Health in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Test of Income Inequality-Health Hypothesis
Authors:   Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria, Odusanya Ibrahim Abidemi , Akinlo Anthony Enisan ,   Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
Published: January 2021

Existing studies have shown that income inequality remains a core determinant of population health. These findings are in line with the Income Inequality-Health Hypothesis (IIHH). However, this assertion remains unclear for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite the rising trend of income disparity in the region and the vastness of the studies that tested the validity of the IIHH. This inferential study, therefore, examines the effect of income inequality on health for 31 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1995 to 2015 using life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rate, and under-five mortality rate as indicators of population health, as well as the Gini index as a measurement of income inequality. The study employed the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). We infer that income inequality contributes significantly to poor population health in Sub-Saharan Africa, thereby affirming the validity of the Income Inequality-Health Hypothesis for the region.
Os gêneros discursivos nas práticas de letramento do campo
Authors: Bonfim Fatima Ingrid Bezerra , Júnior José Ribamar Lopes Batista
Published: January 2021

O propósito deste artigo é analisar os aspectos retórico-linguísticos que permeiam os gêneros discursivos presentes em práticas de letramento realizadas por educadoras e educadores do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) do estado Ceará. Nessa perspectiva, o aporte teórico é delineado pela consonância entre as premissas da Análise Crítica de Gêneros e Análise de Discurso Crítica (BATISTA JR; SATO; MELO, 2018; MEURER; BONINI; MOTTA-ROTH, 2005; RESENDE; RAMALHO, 2006; STREET, 2014; VIEIRA; RESENDE, 2016). A metodologia possui cunho qualitativo e interpretativo, além de contar com o viés etnográfico, cujos instrumentos de coleta de dados foram determinados por meio da observação participante. A análise é realizada à luz do significado acional (FAIRCLOUGH, 2003). Dessa forma, o principal resultado do estudo mostra que o envolvimento dos gêneros discursivos com as práticas de letramento do campo elucida um mecanismo pertinente de luta hegemônica, além do fortalecimento de uma identidade Sem Terra pautada na coletividade.
O efeito de animacidade na produção eliciada de objetos correferenciais no português brasileiro
Authors: Lira Rosane , Corrêa Letícia M. S.
Published: January 2021

O objetivo desse estudo é verificar em que medida o traço de animacidade do antecedente é um fator que contribui na seleção de uma determinada forma para a realização do objeto direto correferencial no curso da aquisição do português brasileiro (PB). Adicionalmente, verifica-se em que medida restrições ao objeto nulo em contexto de ilha sintática, que se aplicam ao português europeu (PE), podem interferir nesse efeito, levando em conta a produção oral e escrita de adultos. Duas tarefas de produção eliciada foram utilizadas: resposta a perguntas-QU e cloze. Os resultados apontam para a relevância de animacidade, independentemente de idade, afetando não só o pronome tônico e o objeto nulo, como o DP completo. Restrições sintáticas ao objeto nulo não se impõem, no geral, no PB, embora possa haver resquícios dessas restrições em decorrência de escolarização.
O acento verbal no português brasileiro
Authors: Rezende Fernanda Alvarenga
Published: January 2021

Neste estudo, pretendemos lançar novas luzes sobre as investigações, até então, realizadas acerca do padrão de acento dos verbos no português brasileiro (PB), associando o modelo de restrições da Teoria da Otimidade com os princípios fundamentais da Fonologia Métrica (HAYES, 1995). Propomos uma análise do acento verbal, incluindo os contrastes acentuais (ex.: “parte” e “parti”) presentes nesta classe de palavras e que não aparecem nos trabalhos sobre o assunto. Com base na Teoria Métrica Paramétrica, de Hayes (1995), consideramos que três parâmetros são suficientes para captar os fatos referentes ao acento primário dos verbos no PB, quais sejam: a. Construção do pé: forme um troqueu silábico não-iterativo da direita para a esquerda. Pés degenerados são permitidos apenas na posição forte, quando o pé canônico não puder ser formado (proibição fraca); b. Extrametricidade: a desinência de plural na 1ª e 2ª pessoas do plural dos verbos dos tempos do imperfeito, do mais-que-perfeito e do futuro do pretérito do indicativo. Nos casos restantes, a consoante final com status de desinência, ou seja, N ou S; c. Regra Final: à direita.
Russian Immigrants in Brazil
Authors: Henriques Anna Smirnova , Fontes Mario Augusto de Souza , Skrelin Pavel A. , Kachkovskaia Tatiana V. , Ruseishvili Svetlana , Borrego Maria Cristina , Zuleta Patrícia Piccin Bertelli , Ferreira Léslie Piccolotto , Madureira Sandra
Published: January 2021

While L2 acquisition by Brazilians has been studied for different languages, the acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese by foreigners has been poorly explored. Recent studies of non-native accented speech in other languages have shown that a foreign accent could largely influence the perception of personal qualities of speakers, and this issue presents a large interest for intercultural research projects. Our research project is focused on Russophone immigrants living in Brazil, bilingual speakers of Russian and Portuguese. The specific aim of the current work is to describe a database containing information about 40 native Russian speakers living in São Paulo for at least six months. Their linguistic and sociocultural profiles are presented, and the experimental protocol of the data collection is described. The protocol included recording speech samples in Russian and in Portuguese and video recordings for further facial expression analysis of bilinguals by the program FaceReader 7.0. The analysis of the sociocultural profiles of the Russophones, presented in the current work, provides a strong basis for the enrichment of the phonetic, sociolinguistic, and nonverbal behavior analysis of these speakers.
A categoria determinante na aquisição do português L2 por surdos
Authors: Abreu Fani Costa de , Lima-Salles Heloísa Maria Moreira
Published: January 2021

O estudo investiga o uso da categoria determinante na estrutura gramatical da interlíngua de surdos aprendizes de português brasileiro (PB) escrito como segunda língua. Adotando os pressupostos teóricos da gramática gerativa, assumimos a hipótese de que a Língua de Sinais Brasileira (LSB) lexicaliza a categoria determinante (D) pela apontação, que codifica a referência dos nomes, assim como o sistema de pronomes pessoais e demonstrativos. Os dados da interlíngua foram produzidos por 11 participantes surdos, falantes de LSB como L1, em atividade semiestruturada de produção escrita em português, tendo como referência sentenças produzidas na LSB. Os participantes foram distribuídos nos níveis básico (G1) e intermediário (G2), de acordo com a proficiência no PB. Verificou-se a presença de desenvolvimento linguístico, uma vez que, na comparação entre G1 e G2, existe redução do padrão estrutural em que o determinante está ausente (nominal nu). Em relação ao uso do determinante, observa-se maior taxa de uso do pronome demonstrativo do que do artigo definido. Esse resultado é analisado como interferência da L1, pela presença do traço dêictico no núcleo D na LSB.
Uma reflexão sobre material didático e descrição linguística
Authors: Ferreira Rogério Vicente
Published: January 2021

Esse texto tem como objetivo discutir a questão do material didático para duas línguas indígenas do Território Etnicoeducacional “Povos do Pantanal” e como a descrição linguística pode colaborar que, principalmente, os professores indígenas consigam fazer uma reflexão metalinguística de suas línguas. São apresentados estudos com as línguas ofaié (Tronco Macro-Jê) e terena (Família Aruak), apontando para a importância de realização de estudos linguísticos para a elaboração de livros didáticos em línguas indígenas voltados para o ensino escolar que vá além de livros de alfabetização. Materiais didáticos em língua materna, em escolas indígenas, podem colaborar para a manutenção da língua e, em alguns casos, promover processos de revitalização linguística. Contudo, é importante ressaltar que estes materiais sejam bem elaborados e que não apresentem equívocos gramaticais. Assim, neste artigo serão apresentados alguns equívocos de análise em língua terena que ocorrem em ambiente escolar. Também veremos o que se tem feito para o povo ofaié e a necessidade de avançar nos estudos sobre essa língua, que está em processo de extinção.
Esenumenkanto Pata’se/Tamapykary
Authors: Machado Ananda
Published: January 2021

O texto tem o objetivo de refletir acerca de experiências realizadas em cursos de extensão universitária que trabalharam o ensino de línguas e a criação de dramaturgia nas línguas indígenas. A metodologia incluiu contação de histórias, improvisação teatral e a escrita de textos em Macuxi e Wapichana pelos alunos que falam fluentemente essas línguas. Os ensaios e apresentações acontecem para as turmas de nível intermediário e iniciante. A pesquisa discute as relações entre narrativas orais, escritas, performance, teatro, poética e memória na perspectiva de Benjamin (1985) e Zumthor (1997, 2000), destacando a relevância do teatro como linguagem capaz de contribuir no exercício do ato narrativo nas línguas indígenas entre os povos Macuxi e Wapichana e no ensino/aprendizagem de suas línguas e culturas. O resultado é a organização de um banco de dados com textos dramáticos indígenas e outros materiais para o uso da comunidade em geral, contribuindo no processo de ensino dessas línguas em Roraima.
Macuxi, Wapixana e Pomerano
Authors: Aguiar Lisiane Machado , Pohlmann Jan
Published: January 2021

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar as políticas linguísticas na implementação da Lei de Co-oficialização e compreender os processos que incentivaram os municípios a realizarem esse procedimento legislativo. Contemplando o histórico brasileiro de instituir um monolinguismo em Português, o processo de cooficializar línguas locais significa um movimento pioneiro. A lei prevê a transformação de municípios inteiros em espaços multilíngues, incluindo: emissão de documentos oficiais, atendimento nos órgãos públicos e adaptação de sinalização. Observando precisamente o processo da implementação dessa lei, decidimos realizar um estudo comparativo em dois municípios brasileiros fundamentalmente diferentes: Bonfim/RR (que cooficializou as línguas Macuxi e Wapixana em 2014) e Santa Maria de Jetibá/ES (com uma presença forte de descendentes de imigrantes europeus, falantes da língua germânica Pomerano, cooficializada em 2009). Constatou-se no estudo aspectos desiguais em termos econômicos, históricos e sociais. Por outro lado, há um paralelo com a implementação da Lei da Co-oficialização em relação ao fortalecimento e à luta de falantes de línguas locais pelo direito de se expressar na língua da sua escolha.
Nheengatu Dâw
Authors: Finbow Thomas
Published: January 2021

Apresentamos os resultados iniciais de uma investigação preliminar de um cenário menos conhecido de contato linguístico do Alto Rio Negro: o Nheengatu (Ramo Tupi-Guarani, Família Tupi) falada como segunda língua pelos anciões da etnia Dâw (família Nadahup) da comunidade Waruá (T.I. Alto Rio Negro). A variedade está gravemente ameaçada, pois não está sendo transmitida; as gerações mais novas falam apenas Dâw e português. Nosso objetivo é de criar um acervo de material audiovisual para registrar o uso do Nheengatu entre os Dâw como documento histórico para a comunidade e para estudar as particularidades linguísticas dessa variedade no contexto de uma investigação maior da variação linguística no Nheengatu. Os dados analisados em nossa investigação foram extraídos de narrativas pessoais gravadas com seis informantes da comunidade Waruá em julho de 2017 e em julho de 2018. Os fenômenos detectados entre o Nheengatu Dâw até o momento abrangem à fonética e fonologia, p. ex., apócope vocálica, para alinhá-la à estrutura silábica CVC do Dâw, e à morfossintaxe, p. ex., nivelamento de paradigmas número-pessoais e introdução de marcação diferencial de objeto. Em geral, parecem ser influências da língua Dâw sobre o Nheengatu do falante. Além disso, o estatuto de segunda língua entre os Dâw da língua Nheengatu pode ser instrutivo a respeito dos tipos de influência sobre uma língua franca, como a Língua Geral Amazônica, quando não é a primeira língua de uma comunidade.
Revitalização e ensino da língua Puruborá
Authors: Neto Mario Oliveira
Published: January 2021

Nós, o povo indígena Puruborá, vivemos tradicionalmente na região Norte do Brasil, no estado de Rondônia. Desde o início dos anos 2000, estamos lutando para garantir nossos direitos enquanto povo originário. Atualmente temos uma escola indígena e professores contratados para trabalhar o resgate e fortalecimento da língua e cultura Puruborá. A língua Puruborá não foi falada durante muitos anos, chegou perto de desaparecer. Atualmente somente duas pessoas bem idosas, meus tios-avôs, é que ainda possuem o conhecimento mais amplo de falantes da língua. A partir de 2001, foi feito um trabalho de documentação dos saberes deles e de outros falantes vivos à época, coordenado por Vilacy Galucio, que ajudou a resgatar muitas informações sobre a língua. Irei relatar nossa experiência atual no processo de resgate da língua e cultura Puruborá e a motivação para realizar esse processo. Centrarei o relato, na minha experiência pessoal, minha motivação e vontade de aprender o pouco que existia de registro da língua Puruborá e depois continuar aprendendo com os mais velhos aquilo que eles ainda lembravam, e assim ser escolhido pelo povo para ser o professor indígena Puruborá. A partir da nossa experiência e do trabalho para que os alunos aprendam sobre nossos costumes tradicionais, mostrarei exemplos de como trabalhamos a língua, na escola, mostrando a importância para nosso povo do trabalho de recuperação da língua Puruborá, a partir do qual nossa cultura foi se fortalecendo. Esse processo foi de grande importância para nós, abriu nossos interesses para buscar mais informações sobre nosso povo.
A retomada da língua Kariri-Xocó
Authors: Kariri-Xocó Idiane , Kariri-Xocó Nhenety , Nelson Diane , Pitman Thea
Published: January 2021

Desde 1989, a comunidade indígena Kariri-Xocó do estado de Alagoas, Brasil, se envolve em um processo singular de revitalização cultural. Trabalhamos para recuperar nossa língua ancestral, aproveitando as memórias da comunidade por meio de músicas, histórias e rituais, preenchendo assim lacunas em nosso vocabulário. Alguns de nós distribuímos listas de palavras para jovens e adultos da comunidade via WhatsApp, enquanto outros abriram uma escola para ensinar a língua a crianças mais novas. Este documento discutirá o processo de revitalização da língua da nossa comunidade. Em particular, veremos como nossa comunidade está aproveitando as mídias digitais para coletar, criar, disseminar e ensinar nossa língua como um meio importante de reforçar nossa identidade cultural.
A constructional perspective on the rise of metatextual discourse markers
Authors: Traugott Elizabeth Closs
Published: January 2021

Cognitive linguistics seeks to account for “a speaker’s knowledge of the full range of linguistic conventions” (LANGACKER, 1987; also GOLDBERG, 2006). It is surprising therefore that little attention has been paid in cognitive linguistics to the linguistic conventions called “discourse markers” (SCHIFFRIN, 1987) or “pragmatic markers” (FRASER, 2009, et passim). Pragmatic markers include signals of attention to social relationships (well, please), beliefs (I think, in fact), and discourse management (after all, anyway). Members of the third subtype are metatextual connectors of discourse segments (“discourse markers” in Fraser’s taxonomy). I argue that because pragmatic markers in general play a major role in negotiating meaning, they are an important part of speakers’ knowledge of language. Pragmatic markers are well-known not to have truth-conditional meaning, and not to be syntactically integrated with the host clause. However, they have conventional pragmatic meanings (HANSEN, 2012; FINKBEINER, 2019). I exemplify my recent research on the historical development in English of metatextual discourse markers with a diachronic construction grammar perspective on by the way (TRAUGOTT, 2020). Focus will be on the importance of routinized, replicated contexts in change (CROFT, 2001; BYBEE, 2010).
The Reception of Early Transformational Grammar in Europe
Authors: Newmeyer Frederick J.
Published: January 2021

The early success in the United States of Chomsky’s book Syntactic Structures and the theory of transformational-generative grammar that it introduced raises the question of the reception of the theory in other countries. Looking at Europe, there is no overarching generalisation. In some countries (the UK, the Netherlands) the theory enjoyed a great success, in others a moderate success, at least for a time (France, Germany), and in other countries very little success (Italy, Spain). Nevertheless, there is widespread agreement that European contributions to the theory have been among the most important.