bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Der Wasserstoffmotor – Chancen und Herausforderungen auf dem Weg zu einer dekarbonisierten Mobilität
Authors: Lott Patrick , Wagner Uwe , Koch Thomas , Deutschmann Olaf
Published: January 2022

Auf dem Weg zu einer dekarbonisierten Mobilität kann der Wasserstoffmotor vor allem im Nutzfahrzeugsektor und auf der Langstrecke einen wertvollen Beitrag leisten. Durch die Verwendung von sauberem Wasserstoff als Brennstoff treten Stickoxide als praktisch einzig relevante Schadstoffemissionen auf, die durch motorische Maßnahmen gepaart mit einer Abgasreinigung im Abgasstrang minimiert werden können. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick zu den Einflüssen verschiedener Motorbetriebszustände auf die Emissionen eines Wasserstoffmotors und zeigt aktuelle und zukünftige Möglichkeiten einer effizienten Abgasnachbehandlung auf.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in pediatric oncology units: A lesson of resilience and hope
Authors: Baroni Lorena V. , Bouffet Eric
Published: January 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic in pediatric oncology units has had a major effect on health care providers globally. Although health care providers face the situation with resilience, the multiple consequences in terms of staff availability, psychological distress, and financial burden can potentially affect the care of children.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on pediatric oncology providers globally: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Sniderman Elizabeth R. , Graetz Dylan E. , Agulnik Asya , Ranadive Radhikesh , Vedaraju Yuvanesh , Chen Yichen , Devidas Meenakshi , Chantada Guillermo L. , Hessissen Laila , Dalvi Rashmi , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Rodriguez‐Galindo Carlos , Moreira Daniel C.
Published: January 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) disrupted pediatric oncology care globally, increasing demands on health care providers (HCPs) who adapted to continue care. This study sought to characterize the pandemic's impact on pediatric oncology HCPs worldwide.

Methods

A 60‐item survey focused on changes to clinical care, resources, and effects on clinicians. A diverse subgroup of institutions was purposefully selected for focus groups that explored teamwork, communication, and changes to care delivery.

Results

The survey included 311 responses from 213 institutions representing 79 countries. Sixteen institutions participated in 19 multidisciplinary focus groups in 8 languages. Decreased clinical staff availability was cited by 51% of institutions as a major impact. Staffing modifications included decreased provider availability (66% of institutions), roles or responsibility changes, and transfer outside the specialty. Physical effects included frequent COVID‐19 illness; 8% of respondents reported HCP deaths. Fifty percent of providers did not have the necessary personal protective equipment. HCPs also experienced psychological distress and financial concerns. Findings indicated more frequent impact on nurses than other providers. Impacts were described across all hospital resource levels, with staffing modifications more frequent in countries with higher COVID‐19 incidence (P < .001) and mortality rate (P = .004). Focus groups revealed negative impacts were stabilized by increased teamwork, communication, contributions outside usual roles, policies aimed at optimizing safety, and feeling that they were contributing.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 had a profound impact on the pediatric oncology workforce, creating challenging modifications to staffing and resulting in physical, psychological, and financial distress. Despite these challenges, HCPs caring for children with cancer came together to continue to provide high‐quality care.
The visual communication impacts of Itten's color contrasts investigated and empirically tested as basic principles for use in art and design
Authors: Csillag Paula
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the visual communication impacts of Johannes Itten's widely disseminated color contrasts in the fields of art and design. Johannes Itten (1888–1967), former professor at Weimer Bauhaus, has made an unquestionable contribution to art and design with his color concepts, nonetheless, when reading his book, it is notable the lack of scientific and academic research underlying the concepts. Checking the visual communication impacts of Itten's seven color contrasts, specifically, is appropriate in a sense that these, with respective scientific background, may represent important basic color principles. In order to find foundation for the color contrasts, bibliography on perception and neuroscience was investigated. It was intended to distinguish color principles that tend to be common to all human beings, due to the nature and physiology of the human brain and eye, from other color principles which are not naturally common to all. An empirical study was conducted with a printed questionnaire as an analytical instrument. This questionnaire was developed in order to evaluate the subjects' perception on the visual communication impacts of each of Itten's color contrasts. This questionnaire was applied to 300 subjects, classified into different categories: age, gender, color blindness, and professional area. Analysis of these questionnaires comparing the subjects' categories offers inputs for the conclusion that the visual communication impacts tested using Itten's color contrasts are independent of age, gender, or professional area, thus tend to be considered as basic color principles for art and design.
Regularity of Free Boundary Minimal Surfaces in Locally Polyhedral Domains
Authors: Edelen Nick , Li Chao
Published: January 2022

We prove an Allard‐type regularity theorem for free‐boundary minimal surfaces in Lipschitz domains locally modeled on convex polyhedra. We show that if such a minimal surface is sufficiently close to an appropriate free‐boundary plane, then the surface is graphical over this plane. We apply our theorem to prove partial regularity results for free‐boundary minimizing hypersurfaces, and relative isoperimetric regions. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A novel compensation power‐decoupling strategy for single‐phase three‐level flying capacitor PV micro‐inverters
Authors: Luo Xiao , Yu Feng , Ma Chencheng , Ding Leiqing , Peng Yong
Published: January 2022

The traditional power‐decoupling controller for single‐phase photovoltaic (PV) micro‐inverters suffers from complex control structure, complicated parameter design and poor stability. In this paper, a novel compensation power‐decoupling strategy is proposed for a single‐phase three‐level flying capacitor PV micro‐inverter. The proposed strategy is aimed at tackling the problem of unbalanced charging and discharging of the flying capacitor, and hence makes the micro‐inverter highly stable and reliable. First, the topology and operating principle of the studied micro‐inverter are discussed, followed by the mathematical models established. Afterwards, the state‐space equations of the micro‐inverter are established for all the operating states, of which two transition variables are introduced to realize a linear presentation. On this basis, a double closed‐loop control method is designed to regulate the DC‐link voltage and current. Meanwhile, the flying capacitor voltage is controlled in a closed‐loop form to do the job of a power pulsating buffer (PPB). Following this, the proposed compensation power‐decoupling strategy is elaborated. Finally, some experimental results are presented to indicate the high performance of the studied micro‐inverter and verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Earlier than expected introductions of the Bemisia tabaci B mitotype in Brazil reveal an unprecedented, rapid invasion history
Authors: Paredes‐Montero Jorge R. , Rizental Muriel , Quintela Eliane Dias , Abreu Aluana Gonçalves de , Brown Judith K.
Published: January 2022

During 1991, in Brazil, the presence of the exotic Bemisia tabaci B mitotype was reported in São Paulo state. However, the duration from the time of initial introduction to population upsurges is not known. To investigate whether the 1991 B mitotype outbreaks in Brazil originated in São Paulo or from migrating populations from neighboring introduction sites, country‐wide field samples of B. tabaci archived from 1989–2005 collections were subjected to analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) and nuclear RNA‐binding protein 15 (RP‐15) sequences. The results of mtCOI sequence analysis identified all B. tabaci as the NAFME 8 haplotype of the B mitotype. Phylogenetic analyses of RP‐15 sequences revealed that the B mitotype was likely a hybrid between a B type parent related to a haplotype Ethiopian endemism (NAFME 1–3), and an unidentified parent from the North Africa‐Middle East (NAF‐ME) region. Results provide the first evidence that this widely invasive B mitotype has evolved from a previously undocumented hybridization event. Samples from Rio de Janeiro (1989) and Ceará state (1990), respectively, are the earliest known B mitotype records in Brazil. A simulated migration for the 1989 introduction predicted a dispersal rate of 200–500 km/year, indicating that the population was unlikely to have reached Ceará by 1990. Results implicated two independent introductions of the B mitotype in Brazil in 1989 and 1990, that together were predicted to have contributed to the complete invasion of Brazil in only 30 generations.
Plant and bird phenology and plant occurrence from 1851 to 2020 (non‐continuous) in Thoreau's Concord, Massachusetts
Authors: Ellwood Elizabeth R. , Gallinat Amanda S. , McDonough MacKenzie Caitlin , Miller Tara , Miller‐Rushing Abraham J. , Polgar Caroline , Primack Richard B.
Published: January 2022

Concord, Massachusetts, USA has served as an active location for phenological observations since philosopher and naturalist Henry David Thoreau began recording plant and animal occurrence and phenology in 1851. Since that time, numerous naturalists, scientists, and researchers have continued this tradition, creating an invaluable time series of 758 species in a single location. In total, 13,441 phenological records, spanning 118 years, now exist, with observations of many species ongoing. Relative abundance data for an additional 200 plant species is also provided. Thoreau's published journals and records in Special Collections libraries at the Concord Free Public Library, Harvard University, Peabody Essex Museum, and Morgan Library and Museum provide insight into his methods of routinely walking around Walden Pond, through natural areas, and within the town of Concord, seeking the first leaf or flower on plants, seasonal observations of migratory birds, and fruit maturation times. Several amateur naturalists, and most recently the present research group, have followed this method of regularly searching Concord for the earliest signs of seasonal events, visiting many of the same locations including Walden Pond, the site made famous by Thoreau. While Thoreau's observations were initially made out of a curious desire to document the natural world, these data have led to dozens to contemporary studies, addressing timely issues such as climate change, conservation, ecology, and invasive species. This time series of data, initiated by Thoreau and continued by others, has resulted in dozens of peer‐reviewed publications, a popular science book, and numerous educational and outreach opportunities. These data grow increasingly valuable with time and as new and creative studies are undertaken with Thoreau's historic records. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set other than citing this publication.
Monitoring of amoxicilline and ceftazidime in the microdialysate of diabetic foot and serum by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Tůma Petr , Jaček Martin , Sommerová Blanka , Dlouhý Pavel , Jarošíková Radka , Husáková Jitka , Wosková Veronika , Fejfarová Vladimíra
Published: January 2022

Determination of the broad‐spectrum antibiotics amoxicilline (AMX) and ceftazidime (CTZ) in blood serum and microdialysates of the subcutaneous tissue of the lower limbs is performed using CE with contactless conductivity detection (C4D). Baseline separation of AMX is achieved in 0.5 M acetic acid as the background electrolyte and separation of CTZ in 3.2 M acetic acid with addition of 13% v/v methanol. The CE‐C4D determination is performed in a 25 µm capillary with suppression of the EOF using INST‐coating on an effective length of 18 cm and the attained migration time is 4.2 min for AMX and 4.4 min for CTZ. The analysis was performed using 20 µl of serum and 15 µl of microdialysate, treated by the addition of acetonitrile in a ratio of 1/3 v/v and the sample is injected into the capillary using the large volume sample stacking technique. The LOQ attained in the microdialysate is 148 ng/ml for AMX and 339 ng/ml for CTZ, and in serum 143 ng/ml for AMX and 318 ng/ml for CTZ. The CE‐C4D method is employed for monitoring the passage of AMX and CTZ from the blood circulatory system into the subcutaneous tissue at the sites of diabetic ulceration in patients suffering from diabetic foot syndrome and also for measuring the pharmacokinetics following intravenous application of bolus antibiotic doses.
Recapitulating dynamic ECM ligand presentation at biomaterial interfaces: Molecular strategies and biomedical prospects
Authors: He Wenbo , Wang Qinghe , Tian Xiaohua , Pan Guoqing
Published: January 2022

The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides not only physical support for the tissue structural integrity, but also dynamic biochemical cues capable of regulating diverse cell behaviors and functions. Biomaterial surfaces with dynamic ligand presentation are capable of mimicking the dynamic biochemical cues of ECM, showing ECM‐like functions to modulate cell behaviors. This review paper described an overview of present dynamic biomaterial interfaces by focusing on currently developed molecular strategies for dynamic ligand presentation. The paradigmatic examples for each strategy were separately discussed. In addition, the regulation of some typical cell behaviors on these dynamic biointerfaces including cell adhesion, macrophage polarization, and stem cell differentiation, and their potential applications in pathogenic cell isolation, single cell analysis, and tissue engineering are highlighted. We hope it would not only clarify a clear background of this field, but also inspire to exploit novel molecular strategies and more applications to match the increasing demand of manipulating complex cellular processes in biomedicine.
Development of energy‐rich protein bars and in vitro determination of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme inhibitory antihypertensive activities
Authors: Jabeen Sidra , Javed Faiqa , Hettiarachchy Navam S. , Sahar Amna , Sameen Aysha , Khan Moazzam Rafiq , Siddeeg Azhari , Riaz Ayesha , Aadil Rana Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Three energy‐rich protein (ERP) bars were prepared to meet the daily recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for the protein of Pakistani athletes. The bars were developed using dates, cheddar cheese (CC), whey protein isolate (WPI), roasted chickpea flour, and rice flour in different proportions. Bar #1 contained 64 g dates, 16 g dried apricots, 12 g WPI, and 8 g ripened CC. Bar #2 contained the same proportion of these ingredients with an addition of 12.5 g roasted chickpea flour, while bar #3 contained 6.25 g roasted rice and 6.25 g roasted chickpea flour. All the ingredients were homogeneously mixed into paste to form bars weighing 100–110 g per serving size. These bars were studied for the compositional analysis (moisture, protein, and lipid content), protein characterization through sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and in vitro determination of the angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE‐I) antihypertensive activity. Moisture and lipid content in bars were 22% and 0.057%–0.313%, respectively, while protein, fiber, and ash contents varied from 22.3% to 23.6%, 6.66 to 5.81, and 2.12% to 2.44%, respectively. The minimum energy content was recorded (272.70 Kcal/100 g) in bar #1 while bar #3 showed the highest energy content 274.65 Kcal/110 g with the addition of (5%) roasted chickpea and rice flour, respectively. Electrophoresis analysis of proteins in bar # 1 (cheese +WPI) showed the four bands at 62, 24, 20, and 12 kDa. Bar #2 (10% roasted chickpea flour) showed some additional bands at 40, 36, 34, and 28 kDa while relatively lower antihypertensive activity than bars #1 and 3. The study revealed that adding 10% roasted chickpea flour (bar #2) increased the protein content and diversity in proteins. It provided 40% proteins to athletes and could be helpful to meet their R.D.A. by consuming two bars/day.
Automatic detection of neuromelanin and iron in the midbrain nuclei using a magnetic resonance imaging‐based brain template
Authors: Jin Zhijia , Wang Ying , Jokar Mojtaba , Li Yan , Cheng Zenghui , Liu Yu , Tang Rongbiao , Shi Xiaofeng , Zhang Youmin , Min Jihua , Liu Fangtao , He Naying , Yan Fuhua , Haacke Ewart Mark
Published: January 2022

Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by early loss of neuromelanin (NM) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and increased iron deposition in the substantia nigra (SN). Degeneration of the SN presents as a 50 to 70% loss of pigmented neurons in the ventral lateral tier of the SNpc at the onset of symptoms. Also, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), iron deposition and volume changes of the red nucleus (RN), and subthalamic nucleus (STN) have been reported to be associated with disease status and rate of progression. Further, the STN serves as an important target for deep brain stimulation treatment in advanced PD patients. Therefore, an accurate in‐vivo delineation of the SN, its subregions and other midbrain structures such as the RN and STN could be useful to better study iron and NM changes in PD. Our goal was to use an MRI template to create an automatic midbrain deep gray matter nuclei segmentation approach based on iron and NM contrast derived from a single, multiecho magnetization transfer contrast gradient echo (MTC‐GRE) imaging sequence. The short echo TE = 7.5 ms data from a 3D MTC‐GRE sequence was used to find the NM‐rich region, while the second echo TE = 15 ms was used to calculate the quantitative susceptibility map for 87 healthy subjects (mean age ± SD: 63.4 ± 6.2 years old, range: 45–81 years). From these data, we created both NM and iron templates and calculated the boundaries of each midbrain nucleus in template space, mapped these boundaries back to the original space and then fine‐tuned the boundaries in the original space using a dynamic programming algorithm to match the details of each individual's NM and iron features. A dual mapping approach was used to improve the performance of the morphological mapping of the midbrain of any given individual to the template space. A threshold approach was used in the NM‐rich region and susceptibility maps to optimize the DICE similarity coefficients and the volume ratios. The results for the NM of the SN as well as the iron containing SN, STN, and RN all indicate a strong agreement with manually drawn structures. The DICE similarity coefficients and volume ratios for these structures were 0.85, 0.87, 0.75, and 0.92 and 0.93, 0.95, 0.89, 1.05, respectively, before applying any threshold on the data. Using this fully automatic template‐based deep gray matter mapping approach, it is possible to accurately measure the tissue properties such as volumes, iron content, and NM content of the midbrain nuclei.
A Dual‐Filtration System for Single‐Cell Sequencing of Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters in HCC
Authors: Chen Vincent L. , Huang Qianhui , Harouaka Ramdane , Du Yuheng , Lok Anna S. , Parikh Neehar D. , Garmire Lana X. , Wicha Max S.
Published: January 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Identification and sequencing of circulating tumor (CT) cells and clusters may allow for noninvasive molecular characterization of HCC, which is an unmet need, as many patients with HCC do not undergo biopsy. We evaluated CT cells and clusters, collected using a dual‐filtration system in patients with HCC. We collected and filtered whole blood from patients with HCC and selected individual CT cells and clusters with a micropipette. Reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction, and library preparation were performed using a SmartSeq2 protocol, followed by single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on an Illumina MiSeq V3 platform. Of the 8 patients recruited, 6 had identifiable CT cells or clusters. Median age was 64 years old; 7 of 8 were male; and 7 of 8 had and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C. We performed scRNAseq of 38 CT cells and 33 clusters from these patients. These CT cells and clusters formed two distinct groups. Group 1 had significantly higher expression than group 2 of markers associated with epithelial phenotypes (CDH1 [Cadherin 1], EPCAM [epithelial cell adhesion molecule], ASGR2 [asialoglycoprotein receptor 2], and KRT8 [Keratin 8]), epithelial–mesenchymal transition (VIM [Vimentin]), and stemness (PROM1 [CD133], POU5F1 [POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1], NOTCH1, STAT3 [signal transducer and activator of transcription 3]) (P < 0.05 for all). Patients with identifiable group 1 cells or clusters had poorer prognosis than those without them (median overall survival 39 vs. 384 days; P = 0.048 by log‐rank test). Conclusion: A simple dual‐filtration system allows for isolation and sequencing of CT cells and clusters in HCC and may identify cells expressing candidate genes known to be involved in cancer biology. Presence of CT cells/clusters expressing candidate genes is associated with poorer prognosis in advanced‐stage HCC.
Transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: The consequences for patients and healthcare systems, a healthcare professional survey
Authors: Caseby Sophie Clare Laura , Woodhouse Fern Amy , Montgomery Stephen Maxwell , Kroes Michel Anton , Duddy Martin Edward
Published: January 2022

Background and Aims

Transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) from relapsing‐remitting MS (RRMS) is an expected part of the disease trajectory for most patients. However, the transition is challenging to identify due to the gradual nature of progression, and the complications of superimposed relapses, comorbidities, and natural variability in symptoms. This healthcare professional (HCP) survey sought to characterize the transition to and management of SPMS in UK clinical practice.

Methods

Telephone interviews with 20 neurologists and MS specialist nurses from England and Scotland gathered quantitative and qualitative responses. Numerical analyses and theoretical thematic methods were used to identify key emerging themes.

Results

The burden SPMS imposes on patients and caregivers was a major theme; discharge from specialist services is common, leading to a sense of abandonment. Respondents acknowledged substantial hesitancy toward identifying SPMS, predominantly due to restricted options of licensed and reimbursed disease‐modifying therapies (DMTs) for SPMS compared with RRMS. Currently, HCPs continue DMTs under a label of RRMS, even after recognition of progression. This survey identified MS to be unusual in comparison with other disease areas in that reimbursement guidelines have a direct impact on clinicians' decisions around disease staging. Respondents suggested reimbursed DMTs proven to slow disability progression in SPMS will create a step‐change in identifying SPMS, providing rationale to acknowledge progression earlier while removing key obstacles to identification. To aid this change, respondents identified a need for SPMS‐specific diagnostic guidance, despite substantial divergence in implementation of current guidance.

Conclusions

In contrast to the current heterogeneity, a more structured and standardized approach to the identification of SPMS, along with guidelines on treatment, will ensure patients can maximally benefit as treatment options for SPMS evolve.
Mental health literacy screening of students in Hispanic Serving Institutions
Authors: Kalkbrenner Michael T. , Neukrug Edward S. , Esquivel Luis E.
Published: January 2022

Students attending Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) have unique mental health needs. Despite the efficacy of mental health literacy (MHL) for supporting college student mental health, MHL research at HSIs is lacking. In a series of three studies, we found support for the psychometric properties of two MHL‐based screening tools with a large sample (N = 846) of HSI students: The Revised Fit, Stigma, and Value (FSV) Scale, which appraises barriers to counseling, and the Mental Distress Response Scale (MDRS), which measures responses to encountering a peer in mental distress. Results also supported a structural model that revealed Fit and Value as significant predictors of HSI students’ positive responses to a peer in mental distress. Finally, we identified demographic subpopulations of HSI students that were especially vulnerable to barriers to counseling. The potential usefulness of the Revised FSV Scale and MDRS for enhancing MHL screening at HSIs is discussed.
Pilot CEOs and management earnings forecasts
Authors: Gao Li , Shi Yuan , Xu Hongkang
Published: January 2022

This study examines the association between pilot CEOs and management earnings forecasts. We find that firms with pilot CEOs are associated with a lower likelihood of issuing voluntary earnings forecasts, suggesting that pilot CEOs are less likely to release private information through earnings forecast. We further investigate the association between pilot CEOs and management forecast characteristics such as forecast accuracy, bias, and precision. Our empirical results reveal that firms with a pilot CEO offer more accurate and more conservative forecasts than firms with a non‐pilot CEO. This evidence is consistent with our argument that pilot CEOs establish superior situation awareness talents and develop conservative predicting attitudes from their flying experience. Overall, our study sheds light on how CEO's off‐the‐job experience affects management earnings forecast behavior.
Authentication of the therapeutic Lamiaceae taxa by using pollen traits observed under scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Bahadur Saraj , Taj Sehrish , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Gul Saba , Shuaib Muhammad , Butt Maryam Akram , Hanif Uzma , Nizamani Mir Muhammad , Hussain Fida , Romman Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Herbal medicines are gaining popularity worldwide for human healthcare because of their therapeutic potential. However, adulteration and use of unauthentic raw herbals as substitutes have become a major issue for the local communities and industry for reasons of safety and efficacy. Therefore, the authentication of medicinal plants before their use in herbal medicines is a need of time. Hence, the present study was designed with an aim, to authenticate the therapeutic Lamiaceous taxa by using pollen traits observed under scanning electron microscopy. Pollen micro‐morphological studies solve the problem through discrimination and correct identification of the Lamiaceae species from the adulterants. Based on pollen features, Lamiaceae were further divided into two sub‐families Lamioideae (tricolpate) and Nepetoideae (hexa‐colpate). The pollen grains of Lamioideae were found as small to medium‐sized, tricolpate, radially/bilateral symmetrical, sub‐spheroidal and oblate shape. Besides, exine patterns bireticulate, reticulate and micro‐reticulate, colpus surface sculpturing as psilate, gemmate, scabrate, and verrucate have also been reported. A significant variation was found in the pattern of the reticulum, thickness, and the number of secondary lumina per primary lumen. Similarly, Nepetoideae has a hexa zono‐colpate pollen but tri and tetra zono‐colpate pollen have also been observed. Hence, this study contributes to the authentication and correct identification of medicinally important Lamiaceae taxa by using scanning electron microscopic techniques and can help to solve the adulteration problem.

Highlights

Authentication of medicinally important Lamiceous taxa was carried out through scanning electron microscopic techniques.

Chemotaxonomic characterization was used for the accurate identification of the therapeutic taxa.

The medicinal, palynological and phytochemical significance of Lamiaceae taxa were evaluated.

A significant variation was seen in the palynological traits that help in the determination and authentication of the therapeutic Lamiaceous species.

Based on the chemotaxonomic characterization, our study can help to solve the adulteration problem for the reason of safety and efficacy.
Effects of the enhanced public health intervention during the COVID‐19 epidemic on respiratory and gastrointestinal infectious diseases in China
Authors: Wang Lan , Guo Xiangyu , Zhao Na , Ouyang Yanyan , Du Binghui , Xu Wangli , Chan Ta‐Chien , Jiang Hui , Liu Shelan
Published: January 2022

The public health interventions to mitigate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) could also potentially reduce the global activity of influenza. However, this strategy's impact on other common infectious diseases is unknown. We collected data of 10 respiratory infectious (RI) diseases, influenza‐like illnesses (ILIs), and seven gastrointestinal infectious (GI) diseases during 2015–2020 in China and applied two proportional tests to check the differences in the yearly incidence and mortality, and case‐fatality rates (CFRs) over the years 2015–2020. The results showed that the overall RI activity decreased by 7.47%, from 181.64 in 2015–2019 to 168.08 per 100 000 in 2020 (p < 0.001); however, the incidence of influenza was seen to have a 16.08% escalation (p < 0.001). In contrast, the average weekly ILI percentage and positive influenza virus rate decreased by 6.25% and 61.94%, respectively, in 2020 compared to the previous 5 years (all p < 0.001). The overall incidence of GI decreased by 45.28%, from 253.73 in 2015–2019 to 138.84 in 2020 per 100 000 (p < 0.001), and with the greatest decline seen in hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) (64.66%; p < 0.001). The mortality and CFRs from RI increased by 128.49% and 146.95%, respectively, in 2020, compared to 2015–2019 (p < 0.001). However, the mortality rates and CFRs of seven GI decreased by 70.56% and 46.12%, respectively (p < 0.001). In conclusion, China's COVID‐19 elimination/containment strategy is very effective in reducing the incidence rates of RI and GI, and ILI activity, as well as the mortality and CFRs of GI diseases.
Animal models of impaired long bone healing and tissue engineering‐ and cell‐based in vivo interventions
Authors: Hixon Katherine R. , Miller Anna N.
Published: January 2022

Bone healing after injury typically follows a systematic process and occurs spontaneously under appropriate physiological conditions. However, impaired long bone healing is still quite common and may require surgical intervention. Various complications can result in different forms of impaired bone healing including nonunion, critical‐size defects, or stress fractures. While a nonunion may occur due to impaired biological signaling and/or mechanical instability, a critical‐size defect exhibits extensive bone loss that will not spontaneously heal. Comparatively, a stress fracture occurs from repetitive forces and results in a non‐healing crack or break in the bone. Clinical standards of treatment vary between these bone defects due to their pathological differences. The use of appropriate animal models for modeling healing defects is critical to improve current treatment methods and develop novel rescue therapies. This review provides an overview of these clinical bone healing impairments and current animal models available to study the defects in vivo. The techniques used to create these models are compared, along with the outcomes, to clarify limitations and future objectives. Finally, rescue techniques focused on tissue engineering and cell‐based therapies currently applied in animal models are specifically discussed to analyze their ability to initiate healing at the defect site, providing information regarding potential future therapies. In summary, this review focuses on the current animal models of nonunion, critical‐size defects, and stress fractures, as well as interventions that have been tested in vivo to provide an overview of the clinical potential and future directions for improving bone healing.
Biome‐microbiome interactions in peri‐implantitis: A pilot investigation
Authors: Ganesan Sukirth M. , Dabdoub Shareef M. , Nagaraja Haikady N. , Mariotti Angelo J. , Ludden Christopher W. , Kumar Purnima S.
Published: January 2022

Background

Dental implants replace missing teeth in at least 100 million people, yet over one million implants fail every year due to peri‐implantitis, a bacterially induced inflammatory disease. Our ability to treat peri‐implantitis is hampered by a paucity of information on host‐microbiome interactions that underlie the disease. Here, we present the first open‐ended characterization of transcriptional events at the mucosal‐microbial interface in the peri‐implant crevice.

Methods

We simultaneously sequenced microbial and human mRNA from five pairs of healthy and diseased implants from the same patient and used graph theoretics to examine correlations between microbial and host gene expression in the peri‐implant crevice.

Results

We identified a transcriptionally active peri‐implant microbiome surrounding healthy implants. Microbial genes encoding phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, cysteine, methionine, arginine, proline, and histidine metabolism correlated to human genes encoding cell development, metabolism, morphogenesis, adhesion, gap junctions, cell‐cell signaling, and immunoinflammatory pathways, suggesting a role for commensals in protecting epithelial integrity. In disease, we found 4‐ to 200‐fold upregulation in microbial genes encoding biofilm thickness, heme transport and utilization, and Gram‐negative cell membrane synthesis. These genes correlated with mucosal zinc finger proteins, apoptosis, membrane transport, inflammation, and cell‐cell communication.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of a small sample size, our data suggest that microbial dysbiosis in the peri‐implant sulcus might promote abandonment of host‐bacterial transactions that dictate health and instead drive a move towards chronic programming of a non‐healing wound.
Perceived organizational support and well‐being of tour guides: The mediating effects of quality of work life
Authors: Demirdelen Alrawadieh Derya , Alrawadieh Zaid
Published: January 2022

The reciprocity norm theory suggests that individuals develop a sense of obligation and indebtedness to reciprocate the favorable treatment they receive. Rooted in the notion of reciprocity norm, organizational support is regarded as essential for organizations to maintain long‐term relationships with their employees. Despite an established academic discussion on organizational support and its outcomes in behavioral and applied psychology research, a comprehensive understanding of its role in enhancing employees' well‐being is surprisingly limited in the field of tourism. Drawing on the organizational support theory and theoretical conceptualizations on well‐being, the present study proposes a conceptual model linking perceived organizational support (POS) with quality of work life, life satisfaction, and burnout. Using data from 301 tour guides, the results show that POS enhances tour guides' quality of work life and reduces their levels of burnout. The findings also show that while POS does not have a direct effect on life satisfaction, this effect emerges mediated by the quality of work life. As predicted, quality of work life was found as a key antecedent of life satisfaction. The current study highlights the role of POS in enhancing the well‐being of tour guides and shows how well‐being at the workplace is associated with well‐being in life.
Effects of helicopter net‐gunning on survival of bighorn sheep
Authors: Wagler Brittany L. , Smiley Rachel A. , Courtemanch Alyson B. , Anderson Gregory , Lutz Daryl , McWhirter Doug , Brimeyer Doug , Hnilicka Patrick , Massing Cody P. , German David W. , Stephenson Thomas R. , Monteith Kevin L.
Published: January 2022

Wildlife capture, and the data collection associated with it, has led to major advancements in ecology that are integral to decision making pertaining to wildlife conservation. Capturing wildlife, however, can cause lethal and non‐lethal risks to animals. Understanding the factors that contribute to the level of risk involved in wildlife capture is therefore important for the development and implementation of the safest and most effective methodologies. We used data from 736 animal captures of 389 individuals for 2 subspecies of female bighorn sheep (Rocky Mountain bighorn [Ovis canadensis canadensis], Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep [O. c. sierrae]) in Wyoming and California, USA, in 2002–2020 to evaluate the degree and extent of time that capture via helicopter net‐gunning affects survival. We compared pre‐ and post‐capture survival during a 10‐week window centered on a capture event, and post‐capture survival between captured animals and animals that were monitored but not captured during the 10‐week window. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of handling techniques (number of times captured, season of capture event, handling time, chase time, and body temp) and biological factors (age and nutritional condition) on probability of capture mortality. Mean daily survival was 0.9992 during a 5‐week pre‐capture window, dropped to 0.9864 on the day of capture, and rebounded within 3 days of capture to pre‐capture levels and that of sheep that were not captured. Overall, direct mortality resulting from capture was 1.36%, with 0.54% mortality occurring within the 3 days following a capture event for an overall 1.90% capture‐related mortality. The only handling and biological metrics that influenced the probability of capture mortality were rectal temperature and nutritional condition; high initial rectal temperatures and poor body condition were associated with increased risk of mortality in the days following capture. Overall, helicopter net‐gunning imposed low and short‐term risk to survival of female bighorn sheep. To reduce bias in survival estimates, we recommend using a 3‐day censorship window for post‐capture mortalities as opposed to the common practice of a 2–5‐week censor window. Helicopter net‐gunning, including annual or seasonal recaptures, remains an effective and comparatively safe technique for capture and associated data collection of bighorn sheep.
Non‐author entities accountable for retractions: A diachronic and cross‐disciplinary exploration of reasons for retraction
Authors: Xu Shaoxiong (Brian) , Hu Guangwei
Published: January 2022

Retraction notices are expected to be transparent about entities accountable for retractions and their reasons for retraction. No previous research on retraction notices has investigated accountable entities other than authors of retracted publications and their reasons for retraction from a cross‐disciplinary and a diachronic perspective. Drawing on a dataset of 7650 unique retraction notices published before 2020 and indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection, this study identified 457 retraction notices that held four types of non‐author entities accountable. Journal authorities (i.e., editors and publishers) were found responsible for retractions in 62.14% of the retraction notices, followed by unidentifiable entities (26.91%), third parties (6.13%), and dual entities (i.e., both authors and journal authorities, 4.81%). The three most frequent reasons for retraction were republication of valid publications (36.76%), unspecified reasons (26.91%), and publication of unpublishable work (17.07%). Accountable non‐author entities were more identifiable in the retraction notices published between 2010 and 2019 than in those published before 2010. Retraction notices in soft disciplines were more likely than those in hard disciplines to identify journal authorities as accountable entities. These findings offer implications for handling retractions more effectively and efficiently.
Impact of shallow‐water hydrothermal seepage on benthic biogeochemical cycling, nutrient availability, and meiobenthic communities in a tropical coral reef
Authors: Lichtschlag Anna , Braeckman Ulrike , Guilini Katja , Ahmerkamp Soeren , James Rachael H. , de Beer Dirk
Published: January 2022

We investigated the influence of high‐CO2 hydrothermal seepage on element cycling, early diagenetic processes, and meiobenthic communities in sediments of a coral reef in Papua New Guinea. Based on fluid flow velocities, determined from temperature gradients, and element concentrations, the solute fluxes from the seeps were estimated, showing that seepage through sediments can be a source of nutrients but also of potentially toxic elements to the reef ecosystem. The sediment pore waters consisted of up to 36% hydrothermal fluids, enriched in As, Si, Li, Mn, Fe, Rb, and Cs relative to ambient seawater. During their ascent to the seabed, the acidic fluids reacted with the sediments, leading to increases in total alkalinity, nutrients, and alkali elements in the fluids. Mixing of hydrothermal fluids with seawater within the sediments lead to precipitation of redox‐reactive species, including Fe‐oxides, but the sediment pore waters were still a source of trace metals to the water column. Presence of the low‐pH fluids in the sediments resulted in dissolution of sedimentary carbonates and left behind finer‐grained volcanoclastic sands containing As, Cr, and Ni in concentrations toxic to biota. These finer‐grained sediments had a reduced permeability, reducing the rate of remineralization of organic matter. Benthic meiofauna and nematode abundance and functional diversity were relatively lower at sites with hydrothermal seepage through the sediment. As benthic and pelagic processes are tightly coupled, it is likely that the changes in benthic biogeochemical processes due to sediment acidification will also affect epibenthic and pelagic communities.
Neuroimaging Pearls from the MDS Congress Video Challenge. Part 2: Acquired Disorders
Authors: Fearon Conor , Rawal Sapna , Olszewska Diana , Alcaide‐Leon Paula , Kern Drew S. , Sharma Soumya , Jaiswal Shyam K. , Murthy Jagarlapudi M.K. , Ha Ainhi D. , Schwartz Raymond S. , Fung Victor S.C. , Spears Chauncey , Tholanikunnel Tracy , Almeida Leonardo , Hatano Taku , Oji Yutaka , Hattori Nobutaka , Shubham Shantanu , Kumar Hrishikesh , Bhidayasiri Roongroj , Laohathai Christopher , Lang Anthony E.
Published: January 2022

The MDS Video Challenge continues to be the one of most widely attended sessions at the International Congress. Although the primary focus of this event is the presentation of complex and challenging cases through videos, a number of cases over the years have also presented an unusual or important neuroimaging finding related to the case. We reviewed the previous Video Challenge cases and present here a selection of those cases which incorporated such imaging findings. We have compiled these “imaging pearls” into two anthologies. The first focuses on pearls where the underlying diagnosis was a genetic condition. This second anthology focuses on imaging pearls in cases where the underlying condition was acquired. For each case we present brief clinical details along with neuroimaging findings, the characteristic imaging findings of that disorder and, finally, the differential diagnosis for the imaging findings seen.
“Our Own Foods as a Healing”: The Role of Health in the Native American Food Sovereignty Movement
Authors: Hoover Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

A wealth of literature has emerged over the past two decades exploring the need for food sovereignty activism to relocalize food production power, promote economic justice, and support more environmentally friendly means of producing food and getting it on the table. What has been less explored is the role of health in the desire to promote food sovereignty. First laying out the history of colonization on Native North American food systems, and then tracing the disease patterns that have emerged from this history, this essay ultimately explores how notions of health motivate and drive Native chefs and farmers who describe themselves as working toward food sovereignty for their communities. Drawing on interviews with members of Native American community‐based farming, gardening, and seed‐saving projects, Native chefs, as well as participation in food sovereignty summits, conferences, and cooking events, this essay illustrates the ways in which actors in the Native American food sovereignty movement are revitalizing, reclaiming, restoring, and perpetuating traditional food systems to promote good physical, cultural, and spiritual health.
Linear projection‐based chemical exchange saturation transfer parameter estimation
Authors: Glang Felix , Fabian Moritz S. , German Alexander , Khakzar Katrin M. , Mennecke Angelika , Liebert Andrzej , Herz Kai , Liebig Patrick , Kasper Burkhard S. , Schmidt Manuel , Zuazua Enrique , Nagel Armin M. , Laun Frederik B. , Dörfler Arnd , Scheffler Klaus , Zaiss Moritz
Published: January 2022

Isolated evaluation of multiparametric in vivo chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI often requires complex computational processing for both correction of B0 and B1 inhomogeneity and contrast generation. For that, sufficiently densely sampled Z‐spectra need to be acquired. The list of acquired frequency offsets largely determines the total CEST acquisition time, while potentially representing redundant information. In this work, a linear projection‐based multiparametric CEST evaluation method is introduced that offers fast B0 and B1 inhomogeneity correction, contrast generation and feature selection for CEST data, enabling reduction of the overall measurement time. To that end, CEST data acquired at 7 T in six healthy subjects and in one brain tumor patient were conventionally evaluated by interpolation‐based inhomogeneity correction and Lorentzian curve fitting. Linear regression was used to obtain coefficient vectors that directly map uncorrected data to corrected Lorentzian target parameters. L1‐regularization was applied to find subsets of the originally acquired CEST measurements that still allow for such a linear projection mapping. The linear projection method allows fast and interpretable mapping from acquired raw data to contrast parameters of interest, generalizing from healthy subject training data to unseen healthy test data and to the tumor patient dataset. The L1‐regularization method shows that a fraction of the acquired CEST measurements is sufficient to preserve tissue contrasts, offering up to a 2.8‐fold reduction of scan time. Similar observations as for the 7‐T data can be made for data from a clinical 3‐T scanner. Being a fast and interpretable computation step, the proposed method is complementary to neural networks that have recently been employed for similar purposes. The scan time acceleration offered by the L1‐regularization (“CEST‐LASSO”) constitutes a step towards better applicability of multiparametric CEST protocols in a clinical context.