bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PD–DEM hybrid modeling of leading edge erosion in wind turbine blades under controlled impact scenarios
Authors: Walayat Khuram , Haeri Sina , Iqbal Imran , Zhang Yonghao
Published: February 2024

This paper addresses the critical issue of leading edge erosion (LEE) on modern wind turbine blades (WTBs) caused by solid particle impacts. LEE can harm the structural integrity and aerodynamic performance of WTBs, leading to reduced efficiency and increased maintenance costs. This study employs a novel particle-based approach called hybrid peridynamics–discrete element method (PD–DEM) to model the impact of solid particles on WTB leading edges and target material failure accurately. It effectively captures the through-thickness force absorption and the propagation of stresses within the leading edge coating system composed of composite laminates. The amount of mass removed and the mean displacement of the target material points can be reliably calculated using the current method. Through a series of tests, the research demonstrates the method’s ability to predict impact force changes with varying particle size, velocity, impact angles and positions. Moreover, this study offers a significant improvement in erosion prediction capability and the development of design specifications. This work contributes to the advancement of WTB design and maintenance practices to mitigate LEE effectively.
GenAI against humanity: nefarious applications of generative artificial intelligence and large language models
Authors: Ferrara Emilio
Published: February 2024

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs) are marvels of technology; celebrated for their prowess in natural language processing and multimodal content generation, they promise a transformative future. But as with all powerful tools, they come with their shadows. Picture living in a world where deepfakes are indistinguishable from reality, where synthetic identities orchestrate malicious campaigns, and where targeted misinformation or scams are crafted with unparalleled precision. Welcome to the darker side of GenAI applications. This article is not just a journey through the meanders of potential misuse of GenAI and LLMs, but also a call to recognize the urgency of the challenges ahead. As we navigate the seas of misinformation campaigns, malicious content generation, and the eerie creation of sophisticated malware, we’ll uncover the societal implications that ripple through the GenAI revolution we are witnessing. From AI-powered botnets on social media platforms to the unnerving potential of AI to generate fabricated identities, or alibis made of synthetic realities, the stakes have never been higher. The lines between the virtual and the real worlds are blurring, and the consequences of potential GenAI’s nefarious applications impact us all. This article serves both as a synthesis of rigorous research presented on the risks of GenAI and misuse of LLMs and as a thought-provoking vision of the different types of harmful GenAI applications we might encounter in the near future, and some ways we can prepare for them.
Evaluation of the efficacy of shadowing house officer experience in surgical training
Authors: Wijesinghe Kanchana , Jayasinghe Aruni , Gamage Hasangi , Gooneratne Thushan , Chamara Yohan , Nandasena Malith , Jayarajah Umesh , Pathirana Aloka , Weerasekara Deepaka
Published: February 2024

Background

The shadowing house officer is an experiential learning activity that usually takes place within the final year clinical rotations of medical undergraduates. An exposure to a surgical intern is especially useful as the work extends to more practical aspects of ward work.

Objective

We assessed the impact of the shadowing house officer exprience during medical student clinical rotation on the surgical internship and to evaluate the challenges of the shadowing period.

Methods

A descriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out among 108 surgical intern doctors in Sri Lanka via electronic media in 2023.

Results

Our study population consisted of 108 interns, with a response rate of 43.2%. This study demonstrates that on average a final year medical student undergoes a 4- day shadowing period in surgery which was considered by a majority to help in smooth transition to internship. 56% had a clear understanding about learning outcomes and less than half has had an induction session prior to commencement of shadowing. Official documentation, routine ward work, team work and communication skills were meaningfully experienced during shadowing. The main criticisms were inadequate breaks leading to exhaustion and missing out on important teaching activities. Another major concern was shadowing close to the final examination.

Conclusions

Surgical shadowing house officer is an authentic work experience that intern doctors consider as important component in orientating the role of an intern. Introduction of shadowing at an earlier stage would be more beneficial and provide a broader view about the clinical set up to undergraduates.
Reasoning Through Narrative
Authors: Flowerree A. K.
Published: February 2024

A peculiar feature of our species is that we settle what to believe, value, and do by reasoning through narratives. A narrative is adiachronic, information-rich story that contains persons, objects, and at least one event. When we reason through narrative, we usenarrative to settle what to do, to make predictions, to guide normative expectations, and to ground which reactive attitudes we think areappropriate in a situation. Narratives explain, justify, and provide understanding. Narratives play a ubiquitous role in human reasoning. Andyet, narratives do not seem up to the task. Narratives are often unmoored representations (either because they are do not purport to referto the actual world, or because they are grossly oversimplified, or because are known to be literally false). Against this, I argue thatnarratives guide our reasoning by shaping our grasp of modal structure: what is possible, probable, plausible, permissible, required,relevant, desirable and good. Narratives are good guides to reasoning when they guide us to accurate judgments about modal space. Icall this the modal model of narrative. In this paper, I develop an account of how narratives function in reasoning, as well as an account ofwhen reasoning through narrative counts as good reasoning.
Seventeen men at Lake Success: In search of the International Law Commission
Authors: van Douwen Keri
Published: February 2024

The International Law Commission has allegedly been in crisis from its first day of existence. Its own (former) members have been critical about its working methods, the topics it chooses to discuss, its relationship with other UN bodies, and even its aura. At the same time, the International Law Commission also paints more positive pictures of itself. This article aims to make sense of this dynamic without explaining, accepting or refuting any doubts or critiques. Instead, in an attempt to take these discussions to a new place, the article analyses the debates of the Committee of 17, which recommended the establishment of the International Law Commission in 1947. By combining literary, socio-legal and historical methods, it is argued that the ILC is founded on an embracing of uncertainty. As such, the Commission’s ambivalence towards itself is revealed as structural rather than illustrative of the institution being in crisis.
Considerable Uncertainty of Simulated Arctic Temperature Change in the Mid‐Holocene Due To Initial Ocean Perturbation
Authors: Shi Jian , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: February 2024

Arctic temperature is one of the most uncertain aspects of mid‐Holocene (MH) climate change modeling, usually attributed to the different responses of different models to external forcing. However, in this study, we find that significant discrepancies (i.e., the noise is close to the signal in term of climate change) in the MH Arctic temperature changes can occur within the same model and for identical external forcing due to initial ocean condition perturbations. It is shown that initial ocean perturbations can affect the surface energy budget change through the uncertain cloud effect on shortwave radiation in boreal summer. The resulted uncertain change in summer surface heat flux alters the subsequent autumn and winter sea ice and contributes to significant differences in Arctic temperature via sea ice‐albedo feedback. This study suggests that internal uncertainty of an individual model is a non‐negligible source of overall uncertainty in simulating the MH Arctic temperature change.
Ignored Paths of Uranium Exposure Illuminated by Havasupai Tribe
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: February 2024

An agency-tribal partnership is identifying exposure risks previously not considered in mining risk assessments.
Molecular mechanism underlying miR-204-5p regulation of adipose-derived stem cells differentiation into cells from three germ layers
Authors: Wang Zhimin , Bi Meiyu , Zhe Xiaoshu , Wang Xiao , Dai Bai , Han Xiaoyu , Ren Bingxu , Liang Hao , Liu Dongjun
Published: February 2024

The limited differentiation ability of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) limits their application in stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Here, we explore the molecular mechanism by which miR-204-5p regulates ADSCs differentiation into cells derived from the three germ layers (i.e., adipocytes, neurocytes, and hepatocytes). Although miR-204-5p overexpression inhibited ADSCs differentiation into adipocytes, neurocyte and hepatocyte differentiation were promoted. Mechanistically, miR-204-5p inhibited the expression of PPARG by regulating the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting ADSCs differentiation into adipocytes. Further, miR-204-5p regulated JAG1/NOTCH3 axis for the inhibition of differentiation into adipocytes and promotion of differentiation into neurocytes. miR-204-5p might also promote ADSCs differentiation into hepatocytes by upregulating E2F8. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying early embryonic development and will help to facilitate the application of ADSCs in stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
Perilipin 5 deletion protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating lipid metabolism and inflammatory responses
Authors: Mass-Sanchez Paola Berenice , Krizanac Marinela , Štancl Paula , Leopold Marvin , Engel Kathrin M. , Buhl Eva Miriam , van Helden Josef , Gassler Nikolaus , Schiller Jürgen , Karlić Rosa , Möckel Diana , Lammers Twan , Meurer Steffen K. , Weiskirchen Ralf , Asimakopoulos Anastasia
Published: February 2024

The molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are incompletely understood. During the development of NAFLD, Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) can regulate lipid metabolism by suppressing lipolysis and preventing lipotoxicity. Other reports suggest that the lack of PLIN5 decreases hepatic injury, indicating a protective role in NAFLD pathology. To better understand the role of PLIN5 in liver disease, we established mouse models of NAFLD and NAFLD-induced HCC, in which wild-type and Plin5 null mice were exposed to a single dose of acetone or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in acetone, followed by a 30-week high-fat diet supplemented with glucose/fructose. In the NAFLD model, RNA-seq revealed significant changes in genes related to lipid metabolism and immune response. At the intermediate level, pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and protein kinase B (AKT) were blunted in Plin5-deficient mice (Plin5−/−) compared to wild-type mice (WT). In the NAFLD-HCC model, only WT mice developed liver tumors, while Plin5−/− mice were resistant to tumorigenesis. Furthermore, only 32 differentially expressed genes associated with NALFD progession were identified in Plin5 null mice. The markers of mitochondrial function and immune response, such as the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor-γ, coactivator 1‐α (PGC-1α) and phosphorylated STAT3, were decreased. Lipidomic analysis revealed differential levels of some sphingomyelins between WT and Plin5−/− mice. Interestingly, these changes were not detected in the HCC model, indicating a possible shift in the metabolism of sphingomelins during carcinogenesis.
Uncovering the interhospital price variations for vasectomies in the United States
Authors: Mortach Sherry , Sellke Nicholas , Rhodes Stephen , Sun Helen H. , Tay Kimberly , Abou Ghayda Ramy , Loeb Aram , Thirumavalavan Nannan
Published: February 2024

Due to the historic lack of transparency in healthcare pricing in the United States, the degree of price variation for vasectomy is largely unknown. Our study aims to assess characteristics of hospitals reporting prices for vasectomy as well as price variation associated with hospital factors and insurance status. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in October, 2022 using the Turquoise Database which compiles publicly available hospital pricing data. The database was queried for vasectomy prices to identify the cash (paid by patients not using insurance), commercial (negotiated by private insurers) and Medicare and Medicaid prices for vasectomies. Hospital characteristics of those that reported a price for vasectomy and those that did not were compared and pricing differences based on hospital ownership and reimbursement source were determined using multivariable linear regression analysis. Overall, only 24.7% (1657/6700) of hospitals reported a price for vasectomy. Those that reported a price had more beds (median 117 vs 80, p < 0.001), more physicians (median 1745 vs 1275, p < 0.001). They were also more likely to be nonprofit hospitals (77% vs 14%, p < 0.001) and to be in well-resourced areas (ADI 91.7 vs 94.4, p < 0.001). Both commercial prices and cash prices for vasectomy were lower at nonprofit hospitals than at for-profit hospitals (commercial: $1959.47 vs $2861.56, p < 0.001; cash: $1429.74 vs $3185.37, p < 0.001). Our study highlights the current state of pricing transparency for vasectomy in the United States. Patients may be counseled to consider seeking vasectomy at a nonprofit hospital to reduce their costs, especially when paying with cash. These findings also suggest a need for new policies to target areas with decreased price transparency to reduce price disparities.
Drosophila TMEM63 and mouse TMEM63A are lysosomal mechanosensory ion channels
Authors: Li Kai , Guo Yanmeng , Wang Yayu , Zhu Ruijun , Chen Wei , Cheng Tong , Zhang Xiaofan , Jia Yinjun , Liu Ting , Zhang Wei , Jan Lily Yeh , Jan Yuh Nung
Published: February 2024

Cells sense physical forces and convert them into electrical or chemical signals, a process known as mechanotransduction. Whereas extensive studies focus on mechanotransduction at the plasma membrane, little is known about whether and how intracellular organelles sense mechanical force and the physiological functions of organellar mechanosensing. Here we identify the Drosophila TMEM63 (DmTMEM63) ion channel as an intrinsic mechanosensor of the lysosome, a major degradative organelle. Endogenous DmTMEM63 proteins localize to lysosomes, mediate lysosomal mechanosensitivity and modulate lysosomal morphology and function. Tmem63 mutant flies exhibit impaired lysosomal degradation, synaptic loss, progressive motor deficits and early death, with some of these mutant phenotypes recapitulating symptoms of TMEM63-associated human diseases. Importantly, mouse TMEM63A mediates lysosomal mechanosensitivity in Neuro-2a cells, indicative of functional conservation in mammals. Our findings reveal DmTMEM63 channel function in lysosomes and its physiological roles in vivo and provide a molecular basis to explore the mechanosensitive process in subcellular organelles.
Effects of inorganic mulching on soil hydrothermal environment and tomato characters in the presence of unheated greenhouse cultivation
Authors: Dai Yanyan , Zhang Pengfei , Chao Jinlong , Liu Geng , Guo Ligang , Senge Masateru
Published: February 2024

The present study was conducted by cultivating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum ‘Provence’) using varied inorganic mulching to investigate soil hydrothermal environment and tomato characters under unheated greenhouse cultivation in the cold zone of China. A total of 6 different treatments were adopted: no mulching (control), white film mulching (white film), black film mulching (black film), the white film with hole mulching (white hole), the black film with hole mulching (black hole), and snake skin bag mulching (snake skin). Inorganic mulching treatment significantly improved soil temperature and moisture, water use efficiency, tomato yield, and reduced soil water consumption. There was no significant difference observed in the variation of daily mean soil temperature between different mulching treatments, and the variation was in the range of 1.95–2.20 °C, which was significantly lower compared with the control (3.42 °C). The daily mean soil moisture varied significantly after different mulching treatments, with the highest level achieved by snake skin (23.37%), followed by black hole (22.55%), white hole (22.08%), white film (21.48%), black film (20.12%), and control (18.78%) in descending order. According to the research results, plastic-hole mulching, which include white hole and black hole treatments, performed better in maintaining soil temperature and moisture.
Survival outcome and prognostic factors for early-onset and late-onset metastatic colorectal cancer: a population based study from SEER database
Authors: Ren Bingyi , Yang Yichen , Lv Yi , Liu Kang
Published: February 2024

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and there has been a concerning increase in the incidence rate of colorectal cancer among individuals under the age of 50. This study compared the survival outcome between early-onset and late-onset metastatic colorectal cancer to find the differences and identify their prognostic factors. We obtained patient data from SEER database. Survival outcome was estimated using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and compared using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted utilizing COX models to identify their independent prognostic factors. A total of 10,036 early-onset metastatic colorectal (EOCRC) cancer patients and 56,225 late-onset metastatic colorectal cancer (LOCRC) patients between 2010 and 2019 were included in this study. EOCRC has more survival benefits than LOCRC. Tumor primary location (p < 0.001), the location of metastasis (p < 0.001) and treatment modalities (p < 0.001) affect the survival outcomes between these two groups of patients. Female patients had better survival outcomes in EOCRC group (p < 0.001), but no difference was found in LOCRC group (p = 0.57). In conclusion, our study demonstrated that EOCRC patients have longer survival time than LOCRC patients. The sex differences in survival of metastatic colorectal cancer patients are associated with patients’ age. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the differences between metastatic EOCRC and LOCRC, and can help inform the development of more precise treatment guidelines to improve prognosis.
Liquid biopsy guides successful molecular targeted therapy of an inoperable pediatric brainstem neoplasm
Authors: Arthur Cecilia , Carlson Lena-Maria , Svoboda Jan , Sandvik Ulrika , Jylhä Cecilia , Nordenskjöld Magnus , Holm Stefan , Tham Emma
Published: February 2024

Midline CNS tumors are occasionally inaccessible for surgical biopsies. In these instances, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) may serve as a viable alternative for molecular analysis and identification of targetable mutations. Here, we report a young child with an inoperable brainstem tumor in whom a stereotactic biopsy was deemed unsafe. The tumor progressed on steroids and after radiotherapy the patient developed hydrocephalus and received a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Droplet digital PCR analysis of cfDNA from an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy revealed a BRAF V600 mutation enabling targeted treatment with MEK and BRAF inhibitors. The patient, now on trametinib and dabrafenib for 1 year, has had substantial tumor volume regression and reduction of contrast enhancement on MRIs and is making remarkable clinical progress. This case highlights that in a subset of CNS tumors, access to liquid biopsy analysis may be crucial to identify actionable therapeutic targets that would otherwise go undiscovered.
Synthesis of diamond from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (anthracene) in the presence of an Fe,Ni-melt at 5.5 GPa and 1450 °C
Authors: Sonin V. M. , Zhimulev E. I. , Chepurov A. I. , Goryainov S. V. , Gromilov S. A. , Gryaznov I. A. , Chepurov A. A. , Tomilenko A. A.
Published: February 2024

Synthesis of diamond from anthracene in an Fe,Ni-melt at 5.5 GPa and 1450 °C.
Tuning the polarity of charge carriers in N-heterocyclic carbene-based single-molecule junctions via atomic manipulation
Authors: Wang Minglang , Zhang Guang-Ping
Published: February 2024

Tuning the polarity of charge carriers at a single-molecular level is essential for designing complementary logic circuits in the field of molecular electronics.
Insights from in silico study of receptor energetics of SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Dhami Lokendra Singh , Dahal Prabin , Thapa Bidhya , Gautam Narayan , Pantha Nurapati , Adhikari Rameshwar , Adhikari Narayan Prasad
Published: February 2024

The emergence of new variants of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 with increased infectivity, superior virulence, high transmissibility, and unmatched immune escape has demonstrated the adaptability and evolutionary fitness of the virus.
The impact of chemical properties of the solid–liquid–adsorbate interfaces on the entropy–enthalpy compensation involved in adsorption
Authors: Xue Jinling , Ji Mingyu , Lu Yuanyuan , Pan Dan , Yang Xiao , Yang Xiaoning , Xu Zhijun
Published: February 2024

We provide thermodynamic evidence to identify the role of interfacial properties in governing the entropy–enthalpy balance that drives adsorption. Two mechanisms are revealed by correlating with the features of the surface–water–adsorbate interface.
Strategies to address key challenges of metallacycle/metallacage-based supramolecular coordination complexes in biomedical applications
Authors: Xu Dongdong , Li Yang , Yin Shouchun , Huang Feihe
Published: February 2024

We report strategies employed by metallacycle/metallacage-based supramolecular coordination complexes to enhance water solubility and biostability and reduce potential toxicity and side effects for biomedical applications.
Spontaneous formation and protonation of dicyanofuran isomers under physical conditions found in interstellar space: quantum chemical insights into thermodynamics and spectroscopy
Authors: Simbizi René , Abdalla Sahar , Bukuru Thierry , Mpawenayo Pierre Claver , Nihorimbere Manassé , Gahungu Godefroid
Published: February 2024

Negative changes in ΔrH, ΔrS and ΔrG of the formation and protonation of dicyanofurans were calculated at different temperatures and pressures, suggesting spontaneous reactions under ISM conditions of temperature and pressure.
Recent advances in cross-coupling of alcohols via borrowing hydrogen catalysis
Authors: Mullick Suteerna , Ghosh Adrija , Banerjee Debasis
Published: February 2024

This article highlights the recent advances and significance of β-alkylation reactions towards the synthesis of higher order alcohols.
NMR analysis of 15N-labeled naphthyridine carbamate dimer (NCD) to contiguous CGG/CGG units in DNA
Authors: Yamada Takeshi , Sakurabayashi Shuhei , Sugiura Noriaki , Haneoka Hitoshi , Nakatani Kazuhiko
Published: February 2024

The structure of the complex formed by naphthyridine carbamate dimer (NCD) binding to CGG repeat sequences in DNA, associated with fragile X syndrome, has been elucidated using 15N-labeled NCD and 1H–15N HSQC.
Dietary nitrate supplementation and cognitive health: the nitric oxide-dependent neurovascular coupling hypothesis
Authors: Gonçalves João S. , Marçal Ana L. , Marques Bárbara S. , Costa Filipa D. , Laranjinha João , Rocha Bárbara S. , Lourenço Cátia F.
Published: February 2024

Diet is currently recognized as a major modifiable agent of human health. In particular, dietary nitrate has been increasingly explored as a strategy to modulate different physiological mechanisms with demonstrated benefits in multiple organs, including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, metabolic, and endocrine systems. An intriguing exception in this scenario has been the brain, for which the evidence of the nitrate benefits remains controversial. Upon consumption, nitrate can undergo sequential reduction reactions in vivo to produce nitric oxide (•NO), a ubiquitous paracrine messenger that supports multiple physiological events such as vasodilation and neuromodulation. In the brain, •NO plays a key role in neurovascular coupling, a fine process associated with the dynamic regulation of cerebral blood flow matching the metabolic needs of neurons and crucial for sustaining brain function. Neurovascular coupling dysregulation has been associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction during different pathological conditions and aging. We discuss the potential biological action of nitrate on brain health, concerning the molecular mechanisms underpinning this association, particularly via modulation of •NO-dependent neurovascular coupling. The impact of nitrate supplementation on cognitive performance was scrutinized through preclinical and clinical data, suggesting that intervention length and the health condition of the participants are determinants of the outcome. Also, it stresses the need for multimodal quantitative studies relating cellular and mechanistic approaches to function coupled with behavior clinical outputs to understand whether a mechanistic relationship between dietary nitrate and cognitive health is operative in the brain. If proven, it supports the exciting hypothesis of cognitive enhancement via diet.
Folding speeds of helical membrane proteins
Authors: Min Duyoung
Published: February 2024

Membrane proteins play key roles in human health, contributing to cellular signaling, ATP synthesis, immunity, and metabolite transport. Protein folding is the pivotal early step for their proper functioning. Understanding how this class of proteins adopts their native folds could potentially aid in drug design and therapeutic interventions for misfolding diseases. It is an essential piece in the whole puzzle to untangle their kinetic complexities, such as how rapid membrane proteins fold, how their folding speeds are influenced by changing conditions, and what mechanisms are at play. This review explores the folding speed aspect of multipass α-helical membrane proteins, encompassing plausible folding scenarios based on the timing and stability of helix packing interactions, methods for characterizing the folding time scales, relevant folding steps and caveats for interpretation, and potential implications. The review also highlights the recent estimation of the so-called folding speed limit of helical membrane proteins and discusses its consequent impact on the current picture of folding energy landscapes.
Research and Recent Achievements in Agriculture and Biotechnology with Innovative Technologies Application
Authors: Badadyan Lusine
Published: February 2024

This paper brings together researchers, scientists and industry experts to present the latest achievements in the dynamically developing fields of agriculture and biotechnology. Special attention was paid to interdisciplinary cooperation, advanced technologies and data-based solutions aimed at solving problems of food security, environmental sustainability and agricultural efficiency. Key topics included precision farming, gene editing, advanced breeding techniques, and the transformative role of big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning in optimizing agricultural processes. In light of this, to address numerous challenges in agricultural culture, I have proposed and developed the idea of creating a game. The game “World of Agricultural Culture” will present users with a bright HD graphic design and exciting gameplay. The professional version of the simulator is focused on business management and development in the agricultural industry.This is an additional way to improve the infrastructure of the Russian Federation, despite the presence of international sanctions. Thus, the competitiveness and attractiveness of the state increases, contributing to the stable development of Russian agriculture and the elimination of negative risks in the foreign economic sphere of the agricultural sector. In the course of the conducted research, a high level of efficiency improvement in the agro-industrial sector of the economy was noted.
Selection of Criteria for Optimization of Factors Determining the Quality of Tillage by a Cultivator
Authors: Zubrilina Е.М. , Babenko О.S.
Published: February 2024

A method for a priori ranking of factors influencing the process of tillage with a cultivator is presented. Determination of optimal criteria for a combined unit with the necessary technical characteristics and high operational efficiency. Hierarchy analysis method is used to compare optimization criteria for a combined cultivator.
Preface
Authors: Itao Tao , Perskaya Victoria , Yanmin Wang , Morkovkin Dmitry
Published: February 2024

As part of this information, the results of the International Conference on Ensuring Sustainable Development: Ecology, Earth Science, Energy and Agriculture (AEES2023) are presented.
Geoecological assessment of spatial comfort of the population and bioproductivity of landscapes (regional aspect)
Authors: Matsaev Salanbek , Dzhabrailov Said-Emin , Nanaev Isa
Published: February 2024

The article presents a geoecological assessment of the spatial comfort of the population of the Chechen Republic, as well as the natural bioproductivity of landscapes. Cartographic and tabular materials on the problem of environmental safety have been compiled. The main ecological problem of the Republic on the reduction of productive lands per capita is indicated. Conclusions and recommendations are made on the rational use and sustainability of landscape complexes, for planning and housing of the population, and industries of farms.
Comprehensive analysis of the state of habitats of Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. in the Malo-Istoksky forest park in Yekaterinburg
Authors: Tishkina Elena , Semkina Lydia , Filisteev Andrey
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. in the forest park area of the city of Yekaterinburg (Russia) based on population (age and vitality structure) and organismal parameters (morphometric indicators). The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the ontogenetic and vitality structure of seven habitats of the brilliant cotoneaster Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht in the Malo-Istoksky forest park of the city of Yekaterinburg. Plants in the habitat are presented in the form of geoxyl bush. In the Age structure, two periods have been identified - pregenerative and generative, and three ontogenetic states. All habitats are young and are in the stage of settlement, exclusively in forb pine forests with a canopy density of 0.3-0.6. The main route of penetration of the brilliant cotoneaster into the Malo-Istoksky Forest Park is artificial plantings along the paths, near equipped recreation areas. Its spread was facilitated by the presence of edible, long-lasting fruits on the shoots, which provided food for many species of birds. The established features indicate the high potential of the species and successful naturalization.
Conchological variation of widely common species of terrestrial mollusks of Uzbekistan
Authors: Gaibnazarova Feruza , Ruzikulova Nilufar , Safarova Nargiza , Khakberdiyeva Khilola , Musabekov Ulugbek
Published: February 2024

This article presents current research on the variability of widespread common species of terrestrial mollusks of the family Buliminidae of Uzbekistan. The study of features of the population structure of species - indicators of changes in biocenoses under the influence of various factors, including anthropogenic ones, is an important component of environmental monitoring of various territories. These species, in particular, include terrestrial mollusks Pseudonapaeus albiplicatus, Psendonapaeus sogdianus, Pseudonapaeus secalina, Psendonapaeus miser, Chondrulopsina fedtschenkoi. A number of studies have been devoted to the analysis of intrapopulation variability of these species. In the course of these studies, it has been shown that these species are sensitive to successional processes with the morphology of their shell, as well as the frequency ratio of polymorphic characters. In this work, biotopic variability of morphometric characters, conchological variability of the shell, variability of morphometric characters of different habitats of Pseudonapaeus albiplicatus, Psendonapaeus sogdianus, Pseudonapaeus secalina, Psendonapaeus miser, Chondrulopsina fedtschenkoi were studied.Awhich, living in arid conditions, adapt to sharp changes in temperature and humidity, while acquiring a number of additional characteristics, such as: parietal callus, mouth lips and teeth, which play one or another role in reducing the loss of moisture from the body of mollusks.The indicator ability of these species is enhanced by the relative inactivity of individuals and at the same time by the large number of populations and wide distribution throughout Europe. It seems that the study of populations of these mollusks living in various landscapes will provide a clearer picture of the state of the environment, and, in addition, will add to the range of data on microevolutionary processes currently occurring. Goal of the work. Comparison of intrapopulation variability molluscs of the family Buliminidae living on the territory Uzbekistan.
Features of the growth of aspen trees with different levels of development of stem rot (based on the study of the population from the Molokchinsky reserve of the Moscow region)
Authors: Rumyantsev Denis , Tyutkova Ekaterina , Vorobyeva Natalya , Sirotova Anna
Published: February 2024

Populus tremula L. trees from aspen forest stand of “Molokcha botanical and entomological reserve” (Moscow Region) were studied. Trees were categorized into two groups - damaged and not damaged by rot. Average chronologies were constructed for them. Fourier analysis shows the presence of a clearly expressed cyclical component in the variability of the treering width with a period of 9.5 years. The analyzing the influence of climatic factors on radial increment formation in we can state that the most unfavorable impact on wood formation is caused by drought in the beginning of the vegetation period prior to the year of annual ring formation. There is a tendency of being less drought-resistant for diseased trees. The using of Pi-GC/MS method it allowed us to identify specific biochemical features of the wood of trees resistant to aspen tinder: a reduced concentration of polysaccharides and the presence of a synergistic group of lignin.
Monitoring and methods for seed quality assessment using modern technical means and digital technologies
Authors: Zolkin Alexander , Matvienko Evgeny , Pankratova Lyubov , Snegirev Dmitriy , Bogdanov Mikhail
Published: February 2024

The problems of the state and development of digitalization of agricultural technology management, problems in the development of digital innovations in agricultural enterprises and ways to solve them at the present stage are reviewed in the study, based on reviews of scientific publications by Russian scientists and information from Internet resources, examines. Development of geo-information for crop production: electronic maps of fields, equipment monitoring systems, complexes for designing technologies for crops growing, databases of conditions and functions of agricultural landscapes (books on the fields history), methods for seed quality assessment using modern tools and technologies have been introduced.
Growing food potatoes from small fraction minitubers obtained under conditions of water-air culture
Authors: Starovoitov V.I. , Starovoitova O.A. , Manokhina A.A.
Published: February 2024

Currently, due to the shortage of their own seed material Russian producers of original seed potatoes are interested in using highly efficient cultural practices based on the use of aerohydroponic cultivation technologies. The results of studies conducted in the period of 2019-2021 in order to determine the effectiveness of growing food potatoes from mini-tubers obtained using aerohydroponic systems with a compound nutrient scheme are presented in the work. The field test was launched according to the available procedures on the territory of the Korenevo (Kraskovo) experimental station in the Moscow region on sod-podzolic medium-cultivated, granulometric composition sandy loam soil. Sprouted small fraction mini-tubers of 10-15 mm in size and 3-5 g in weight of the following varieties were planted: Gulliver (early ripening (ER)), Amethyst and Grand (medium early ripening (MER)), Sineglazka and Fritella (midseason variety (MSV)). The research years – 2019, 2020 and 2021 – were characterized, respectively, as humid, very humid and slightly arid. The average yield for all varieties was 16.4 t/ha, including commercial tubers in size – 96.5-98.6%, or 38-89% of the possible potential yield, depending on the variety. The starch content in tubers was within the range of potentially possible values, namely, in Grand (16.5-18.3%), in Sineglazka (16.0- 19.8%) and in Fritella (16.3-17.6%). The nitrate content in potato tubers of all varieties did not exceed MPC – 250 mg/kg. Tubers of all varieties turned out to be quite tasty – 5.5-8.0 points, Gulliver tubers (7.5 points) being found the most delicious, despite the low starch content. Potatoes were sold at a price of 17 rubles/ kg, the income from potato cultivation amounted to 17.2-79.9 thousand rubles/ ha, and profitability was 15.5- 24.5%. The economic feasibility of producing food potatoes grown in the field from mini-tubers of small fractions obtained using aerohydroponic devices with a compound nutrition system has been shown.
Epizootology of echinostomatidosis of geese
Authors: Mullayarova I. , Nikolaeva O. , Andreeva A. , Altynbekov O. , Galieva C. , Muratova E. , Razyapov M. , Shaimuhametov M.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of research on studying the distribution of echinostomatidosis of geese. It was found that the intensity of invasion in geese in the forest-steppe zone was 76.7%, in the steppe zone – 54.5%, in the mountain forest zone – 36.7%. It was found that at low intensity of invasion in Echinostomes reproductive ability increased 1.3 times. The parasitofauna of the gut of geese is represented by species of Echinostoma revolutum, Hypodereum conoideum and Echinoparyphium recurvatum. The intensity of infestation in the form of mixed infestation in combination of Echinostoma revolutum and Hypodereum conoideum species in geese amounted to 36.0%.
Isolation and characterization of Indole Acetic Acid-producing bacteria isolated from rhizospheric soil of paddy rice
Authors: Giang Nguyen Van , Hien Pham Hong , Diep Vu Thi Ngoc , Huyen Pham Khanh , Pylnev V.V.
Published: February 2024

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have immense potential to be used as an environmentally friendly replacement for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, through the production of various plant growth-promoting substances. The objectives of this study were the isolation, characterization, and identification of indole acetic acid-producing bacteria from the rhizospheric soil of paddy rice. Out of all screened isolates, isolate 1.4 was the highest IAA producer with 29.76 µg/mL. The culture medium conditions to obtain the highest IAA production were optimized as follows: the culture temperature was 30°C, the incubation time was three days, and the pH was 7.0. The 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that isolate 1.4 has been genetically identified as Bacillus altitudinis, and it can potentially be used as an efficient biofertilizer.
Prospects for detecting alternariose in potato plantings using hyperspectral measurements
Authors: Shpanev Alexander , Smuk Vasily
Published: February 2024

The harmfulness of Alternaria leaf blight on potatoes has increased significantly in recent years in the North-West of Russia. For effective protection of potato plantings from the disease it is extremely important to detect it promptly. For that purpose the ground-based portable spectroradiometer PSR-1100 with a measurement range from 320 to 1100 nm was used. The study was conducted at the experimental station of Menkovo branch of Agrophysical research institute located in Gatchina district of Leningrad region. The result of the study revealed that even in case with a slight damage of potato plants with Alternaria leaf blight (less than 10% of the leaf surface) there were significant changes in the values of the reflectivity of potato leaves were recorded by the device in the near infrared part of the spectrum especially with severe damage to the leaf surface (25-50% of the leaf surface). At the same time there were no significant differences in the entire measured wavelength range (320-1100 nm) in plants with Alternaria leaf blight damage to 25% of the leaf surface. Thus, the detection of Alternaria leaf blight in potato plantings is practicable by means of ground-based hyperspectral measurements.
The parallels of food self-sufficiency and hunger in light of sustainable agriculture: A case of the BRICS countries
Authors: Tanima Dutta , Raj Sharma Neeta , Bohn Rogério , Ergunova Olga , Ryhtik Daria , Makarenko Evgenii , Livintsova Maria
Published: February 2024

This paper critically examines the trajectory of agricultural development in the BRICS countries post-1947, particularly focusing on the epochal impact of the Green Revolution and its associated disruptions. By delving into the transformation of the agriculture of the BRICS countries, this study explores the ramifications of food sufficiency, sustainable agricultural practices, and the persistent issue of hunger within the countries. The analysis encompasses an evaluation of the Green Revolution's multifaceted effects on agricultural productivity, socio-economic dynamics, and environmental sustainability. In recent years, the international status of agriculture in the BRICS countries has been constantly improving. In 2022, the gross agricultural production of the BRICS countries accounted for more than 50% of the global volume. Further strengthening of the developing cooperation among the BRICS countries is of great importance for ensuring global food security. The researchers examined the agricultural sector of the BRICS countries and also identified the main problems characteristic of the agricultural sector of these countries. The solution to the complex of agricultural problems of the BRICS countries became possible thanks to the Green Revolution, which, however, had a negative impact on the environmental situation. It is hypothesized that sustainable agriculture and food sufficiency can reduce the negative impact on the environment but are not able to solve the problem of hunger shortly. The ranking of some BRICS countries in the Global Hunger Index is worrying, and cross-integration and national programs will only work if there is integration between sustainable agriculture, food sufficiency, and distribution.
Einstellungen von Pflegenden zum assistierten Suizid in der stationären Langzeitpflege: Eine qualitative Interview-Studie
Authors: Flügge Katrin , Kirchner Christiane , Seeger Yvonne , Meyer Gabriele
Published: February 2024

Ziel Die Einstellung von Pflegenden zum assistierten Suizid in der stationären Langzeitpflege zu explorieren und die mögliche Rolle Pflegender sowie notwendige Voraussetzungen abzuleiten.

Methodik Von August bis November 2022 wurden 13 Pflegende aus 6 Pflegeheimen für die Teilnahme an leitfadengestützten Einzelinterviews gewonnen. Die qualitative Datenanalyse erfolgte anhand der objektiven Hermeneutik.

Ergebnisse Sechs Fallstrukturen wurden entwickelt, mit Fokus auf emotionaler Belastung, Wunsch nach Selbstreflexion, Hilflosigkeit durch fehlende rechtliche Regelung, Übernahme von Verantwortung, Abgrenzbarkeit und Rollenübernahme.

Schlussfolgerung Der assistierte Suizid löst bei Pflegenden Unsicherheit aus. Es zeigt sich Informations- und Aufklärungsbedarf sowie der Wunsch nach einem klaren rechtlichen Rahmen. Die Studie zeigt, dass die Entscheidung zur Unterstützung beim assistierten Suizid individuell ist und stets freiwillig getroffen werden sollte.
Photo-Induced α-Oxyalkylation of Aryl Chlorides with Ethers and Alcohols through Homolytic Aromatic Substitution
Authors: Shirakawa Eiji , Aoki Kohei , Yonekura Kyohei , Ejima Wataru , Tanaka Shota , Shigeta Ami
Published: February 2024

The α-oxyalkylation of aryl chlorides with ethers and alcohols using a small amount of a peroxide was found to be induced by photoirradiation. The reaction proceeds through a homolytic aromatic substitution (HAS) mechanism consisting of addition of an α-oxyalkyl radical to an aryl chloride and elimination of the chlorine atom to give the α-oxyalkylation product, where photoirradiation is considered to effect not only the initiation step to facilitate homolysis of a peroxide, but also the propagating radical chain.
Nonlinear dynamics and chaos in a vocal-ventricular fold system
Authors: Inoue Takumi , Shiozawa Kota , Matsumoto Takuma , Kanaya Mayuka , Tokuda Isao T.
Published: February 2024

In humans, ventricular folds are located superiorly to the vocal folds. Under special circumstances such as voice pathology or singing, they vibrate together with the vocal folds to contribute to the production of voice. In the present study, experimental data measured from physical models of the vocal and ventricular folds were analyzed in the light of nonlinear dynamics. The physical models provide a useful experimental framework to study the biomechanics of human vocalizations. Of particular interest in this experiment are co-oscillations of the vocal and ventricular folds, occasionally accompanied by irregular dynamics. We show that such a system can be regarded as two coupled oscillators, which give rise to various cooperative behaviors such as synchronized oscillations with a 1:1 or 1:2 frequency ratio and desynchronized oscillations with torus or chaos. The insight gained from the view of nonlinear dynamics should be of significant use for the diagnosis of voice pathologies, such as ventricular fold dysphonia.
Identifying the generator matrix of a stationary Markov chain using partially observable data
Authors: Xiang Xuyan , Zhou Jieming , Deng Yingchun , Yang Xiangqun
Published: February 2024

Given that most states in real-world systems are inaccessible, it is critical to study the inverse problem of an irreversibly stationary Markov chain regarding how a generator matrix can be identified using minimal observations. The hitting-time distribution of an irreversibly stationary Markov chain is first generalized from a reversible case. The hitting-time distribution is then decoded via the taboo rate, and the results show remarkably that under mild conditions, the generator matrix of a reversible Markov chain or a specific case of irreversibly stationary ones can be identified by utilizing observations from all leaves and two adjacent states in each cycle. Several algorithms are proposed for calculating the generator matrix accurately, and numerical examples are presented to confirm their validity and efficiency. An application to neurophysiology is provided to demonstrate the applicability of such statistics to real-world data. This means that partially observable data can be used to identify the generator matrix of a stationary Markov chain.