bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soot Modeling of GTDI Engines Using a Recently Developed Turbulent Premixed Combustion Model Implemented with an Improved TRF Mechanism and a Practical Semi-Detailed Soot Model
Authors: Yang Shiyou
Published: August 2023

In the present work, a practical semi-detailed soot model has been integrated with a recently developed turbulent premixed combustion model and an improved TRF (toluene reference fuel) chemical kinetic mechanism. The practical semi-detailed soot model includes a reduced PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) sub-mechanism, soot particle inception (or nucleation) through pyrene (A4), C2H2-assisted and PAH-assisted surface growth, soot coagulation, and soot oxidation by both O2 and OH. In the TRF mechanism recently improved by the author, eight dominant reactions for high-temperature operating conditions (T > 750 K) were identified and corrected. The turbulent premixed combustion model recently developed by the author includes a mechanism-dynamic-selection sub-model and a dynamic turbulent diffusivity sub-model in which Schmidt number is constructed as a function of local turbulence/thermodynamics conditions. The practical semi-detailed soot model including the reduced PAH sub-mechanism was validated after it was implemented into the improved TRF chemical kinetic mechanism using important species for soot formation from several premixed laminar burner-stabilized flames, as well as using flame lift-off length and spatial distribution of soot volume fraction from Sandia ECN (engine combustion network) data. Soot modeling of GTDI (gasoline turbocharged direct injection) engines was conducted using the integration (83 species and 336 reactions) of the soot model, the combustion model, and the TRF mechanism. The simulated soot mass from three GTDI engines/operating conditions can well capture the trend of soot flowing out of in-cylinder compared to the experimental data. Through CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis, the root-cause for major soot formation in GTDI engines is found. Based on the root-cause, an effective soot mitigation approach due to less soot formation and strong soot pulled back is presented.
Hydrogen ICE Combustion Challenges
Authors: Winklhofer Ernst , Jocham Bernhard , Philipp Harald , Kapus Paul , Leitner Daniel , Heindl Rene , Diniz-Netto Nilton
Published: August 2023

Hydrogen promises to provide some highly desired features for clean and efficient combustion, but harvesting efficiency and emission potentials as well as meeting engine durability requirements needs careful adaption of both, combustion system components and engine operation strategies. Key points for H2-ICE combustion are some specific and unique features of H2/air mixtures, among which – to name only a few – excellent dilutability, lean burn capability, low ignition energy and high molecular diffusivity and their consequences on ICE operation do play prominent roles. H2 admission via port or direct injection, compression ratio selection and injection timing provide a set of parameters to control combustion features. Cooling layout of cylinder head, liner and piston as well as heat rejection from components such as spark plugs, H2-DI injectors or valves must respect enhanced gas to component heat transfer in order to mitigate irregular combustion tendencies such as endgas knock and pre-ignition, and to ensure sufficient component durability. We apply well established pressure and flame analysis techniques to gain insight into the degrees of freedom for aspiration, H2 injection timing, compression ratio selection and heat transfer requirements. Cylinder pressure and visiolution flame sensors are applied in normal, multicylinder engine operation. This allows for stationary tests as well as for the cycle and crank angle resolved evaluation of entire (e.g. WLTP) test cycles. Application of such combustion diagnostic tools helps to exploit H2 admission and combustion options.
Experimental Investigation of Glycerol Derivatives as Low-Concentration Additives for Diesel Fuel
Authors: Olson André L. , Alemahdi Nika , Tunér Martin , Verhelst Sebastian
Published: August 2023

The worldwide adoption of renewable energy mandates, together with the widespread utilization of biofuels has created a sharp increase in the production of biodiesel (fatty acid alkyl esters). As a consequence, the production of glycerol, the main by-product of the transesterification of fatty acids, has increased accordingly, which has led to an oversupply of that compound on the markets. Therefore, in order to increase the sustainability of the biodiesel industry, alternative uses for glycerol need to be explored and the production of fuel additives is a good example of the so-called glycerol valorization. The goal of this study is therefore to evaluate the suitability of a number of glycerol-derived compounds as diesel fuel additives. Moreover, this work concerns the assessment of low-concentration blends of those glycerol derivatives with diesel fuel, which are more likely to conform to the existing fuel standards and be used in unmodified engines. The various blends described in this article were tested on a heavy-duty diesel engine converted to single-cylinder operation. The overall behavior and the impact of the fuel blends on the engine’s combustion, performance, and emissions were investigated. The results showed that the additives caused a modest decrease in engine-out soot concentrations along with slightly reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. In addition, the blends appeared to have a positive impact on the soot-NOx trade-off. Finally, as expected, volumetric fuel consumption was slightly increased with the oxygenated blends, due to their lower heating values. In conclusion, even though the use of the glycerol derivatives in low concentrations did not produce dramatic outcomes, the results showed that they can nevertheless be used as a means to decrease fossil fuel usage in the transportation sector.
Twenty Years of Engine Tribology Research: Some Important Lessons to Learn
Authors: Zhmud Boris , Basiri Daniel , Morawitz Urban , Schulz Daniel
Published: August 2023

The current political push for e-mobility marked a major decline in the R&D interest to internal combustion engine (ICE). Following this global trend, Ford is committed to going 100% electric by 2030 for passenger cars and 2035 for light commercial vehicles. At the same time, many researchers admit that, due to many objective factors, vehicles powered by ICE will remain in operation for decades to come. Development of alternative carbon-neutral fuels can bring a renaissance in the ICE development as practical limitations of electric-only approach get exposed.

Since a significant part of energy losses in the ICE comes from friction, engine tribology has been an important research topic over the past two decades and a significant progress in improving the engine efficiency was achieved. On the global scale, the improved efficiency of new engines built over the past decade is contributing to curbing the greenhouse gas emissions far more than all electrical vehicles in use, though the situation will likely change in future as the percent of electric vehicles increases and the energy mix is decarbonized. Moreover, many lessons learnt in ICE tribology optimization projects lay a useful knowledge foundation for electrical powertrain optimization. One key lesson is that a complete system approach is a must as the powertrain hardware and lubricant have to flawlessly work together.

In the present study, we demonstrate how the tribological optimization of Ford engines contributed to improved fuel efficiency and reduced CO2 emissions by comparing a previous generation Ford EcoBoost and the new Ford Dragon engines with different motor oils. We also review the theoretical limits of efficiency boost possible with ultralow viscosity motor oils, looking ahead to the future ILSAC GF-7 motor oil specifications.
Coupled Engine and After-Treatment Simulation for Fuel Efficient EU7 Technologies
Authors: Tziolas Vasileios , Koltsakis Grigorios , CHATZIPARTALI Kleoniki
Published: August 2023

To achieve low tailpipe NOX emissions in Heavy-Duty engines, the rapid warm-up of the exhaust aftertreatment system (EAS) needs to be assisted by the adoption of new technologies to reduce engine-out emissions and increase the EAS conversion efficiency. Engine measures like cylinder deactivation, retarded start of the main injection, late intake valve closing, intake throttling and elevated idle speed can substantially increase the available exhaust gas enthalpy and temperature at the expense of additional fuel as has been shown in the literature. On the other hand, the exhaust system can be optimized in terms of hardware and controls, which is nowadays strongly supported by simulation. However, these simulation studies typically assume a fixed engine hardware and calibration and thus fixed engine-out simulation boundary conditions. Moving forward to tougher and real-world oriented legislation, the fixed cycle and engine-out boundary condition becomes insufficient. The present work proposes a model-based approach that covers both the engine and the aftertreatment system in a single simulation platform. To ensure the predictive nature of the simulation, all engine and aftertreatment models were calibrated with appropriate experimental techniques. The models are scalable depending on the application target; for most of the results of this work, we employ fast running 1d models. Using the holistic simulation approach, it is possible to virtually activate and optimize the settings of various engine parameters to obtain a good trade-off in terms of fuel penalty and tailpipe emissions. Due to the huge number of parameter combinations, the optimization process itself is a real challenge that is addressed in the present work and time-efficient workflows are demonstrated. The application cases presented emphasize on technologies expected to be relevant for upcoming legislation, including close-coupled SCR and active exhaust heating.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Swirled Fuel Atomizer for an Aftertreatment Diesel Burner
Authors: Postrioti Lucio , Battistoni Michele , Zembi Jacopo , Brizi Gabriele , La Sana Marco , Brignone Mauro , Napoli Francesco , Pizza Salvatore , Milani Emanuele
Published: August 2023

Emission legislation for light and heavy duty vehicles is requiring a drastic reduction of exhaust pollutants from internal combustion engines (ICE). Achieving a quick heating-up of the catalyst is of paramount importance to cut down cold start emissions and meet current and new regulation requirements. This paper describes the development and the basic characteristics of a novel burner for diesel engines exhaust systems designed for being activated immediately at engine cold start or during vehicle cruise. The burner is comprised of a swirled fuel dosing system, an air system, and an ignition device. The main design characteristics are presented, with a detailed description of the atomization, air-fuel interaction and mixture formation processes. An atomizer prototype has been extensively analyzed and tested in various conditions, to characterize the resulting fuel spray under cold-start and ambient operating conditions. The geometrical shape of the spray was investigated by imaging, while droplet size and velocity were measured by a Phase Doppler Anemometer (PDA). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses have been used to investigate these same quantities and predict the air-fuel mixing process. Preparing an ignitable mixture in a short timeframe is extremely challenging, particularly under low temperature conditions and with a low volatility fuel. The combination of CFD models with optical measurements revealed extremely important for understanding the burner behavior and for supporting further developments of the system through predictive and reliable simulations.
Direct and Indirect Exhaust Heat Recovery from Turbocharged Heavy-Duty Engine
Authors: Di Bartolomeo Marco , Di Battista Davide , Fatigati Fabio , Cau Giorgio , Cipollone Roberto
Published: August 2023

Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) is one of the most viable opportunities to reduce fuel consumption and CO2 emissions from internal combustion engines in the transportation sector. Hybrid thermal and electrical propulsion systems appear particularly interesting because of the presence of an electric battery that simplifies the management of the electrical energy produced by the recovery system. The different technologies proposed for WHR can be categorized into direct and indirect ones, if the working fluid operating inside the recovery system is the exhaust gas itself or a different one whose sequence of transformations follows a thermodynamic cycle. In this paper, a turbocharged diesel engine (F1C Iveco) equipped with a Variable Geometry Turbine (VGT) has been tested to assess the energy recoverable from the exhaust gases both for direct and indirect recovery. A direct technology based on an auxiliary turbine placed in the exhaust pipe (turbo-compounding) has been considered and compared with an Organic Rankine cycle (ORC)-based recovery unit fed by the exhaust gases. A model-based comparison between the two technologies has been assessed in this paper. The input data were the result of an experimental campaign done on the exhaust gases of the F1C Iveco operated on a high-speed dynamometer test bench. Data on exhaust gas properties, turbocharger equilibrium and engine performances were collected for a wide range of engine operating conditions. Concerning the ORC-based power unit, the model uses the significant research experience done on the sector that set up the most relevant machine performances (expander and pump efficiency, engine backpressure produced, pinch points at the two heat exchangers) so giving the model high reliability. Preliminary data on a turbo-compounding system operated on the same engine were also measured so resolving the most important uncertainties of the recovery unit (engine backpressure produced, turbine and electrical generator efficiency, matching between the turbocharging unit). A preliminary assessment of the overall potential recovery when both technologies were present has been done, focusing the attention on heavy-duty engines.
Thermal Performance of a 48V Prismatic Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Under WLTC Driving Cycles with a Liquid Cooling System
Authors: Carlucci Antonio Paolo , Darvish Hossein , Laforgia Domenico
Published: August 2023

This experimental study investigates the thermal behavior of a 48V lithium-ion battery (LIB) pack comprising three identical modules, each containing 12 prismatic LIB cells. The objective is to investigate the thermal performance of the LIB pack under real-world operating conditions using a worldwide harmonized light duty test cycle and its inverted version. Two cases are tested whose difference is the initial state of charge (SOC), 90% for Case1 and 60% for Case2. The temperature distribution within the battery pack and cooling system is measured using 27 thermocouples. The results show that external surfaces exhibit the lowest temperatures, while the middle cells experience the highest. In addition, an abnormal temperature spike in a specific cell shows external influences or internal irregularities of the LIB cell, emphasizing the need to utilize a high number of thermocouples. Comparing Case1 and Case2, Case2 demonstrates a higher temperature rise at the cycle's beginning. The temperature gradient, the difference between maximum and minimum temperatures at each time, remains below 3.7°C for both cases. A homogeneous indirect liquid cooling system is implemented when the pack reaches 40.0°C, operating during the most thermally demanding period. However, Case2's enhanced cooling consumes more energy than Case1. Furthermore, initial SOC influences stored energy rise of the battery pack. Case2 experiences higher increases and smaller reductions compared to Case1, emphasizing the importance of initial SOC for energy balance and pack stability. This study underlines the importance of evaluating battery pack thermal behavior under real-world operating conditions, emphasizing the complexity of the LIB battery pack system, as well as the impact of a liquid cooling system on its thermal performance.
Advantages of 3d and 1d Modeling a Li-Po Battery for the Prediction of Overheating under Real Driving Conditions
Authors: Magri Luca , Sequino Luigi , Ferrari Cristian
Published: August 2023

1d multi-domain modeling is a powerful tool for the fast prototyping of battery packs for electric vehicles. It can help identify the optimal layout for structural and thermal aspects and then support the battery sizing process. On the other hand, its simplicity may fail whereas precise simulations are needed. For example, a catastrophic event such as the thermal runaway can be triggered by a local peak of temperature on a single cell of the battery pack and then spread to the others. For this reason, the surface temperature distribution of a battery is crucial, and 1d models provide only an average value. Conversely, 3d models can provide this information even if at higher costs, in terms of time and computational efforts. 3d models of a Li-Po battery are not common in the literature because of the high complexity of the internal structure of a cell and the availability of experimental data for validation. This paper follows a previous work where a 3d model of a Li-Po cell was presented and validated. Here, a preliminary design of a battery pack for an electric vehicle is first run with a 1d model to identify critical temperature conditions. Current profiles, characteristic of real driving conditions, are experimentally tested and used to validate the 1d model. Then, the 3d model is applied to the most critical conditions to evaluate the bidimensional temperature distribution on the surface battery. The temperature predictions of the two models are compared also using experimental data. The strengths and weaknesses of the models are evaluated to show how they can contribute to the battery pack design process.
TÜRKİYE’DE SANAL MÜZE ARAŞTIRMALARI: BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZ
Authors: AYTEKİN Handan , AKTAŞ Gürhan
Published: August 2023

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sanal müzeler üzerine Türkiye'de hakemli bilimsel dergilerde yayınlanan mevcut araştırmaları incelemektir. Sanal müzeler, herhangi bir destinasyonda kültür turizminin en önemli bileşenlerinden birisi olan müzelerin, teknolojik yansımalarıdır. Bu çalışmada, Türkçe literatürde sanal müze araştırmalarının nasıl geliştiğinin; sanal müzelerin hangi yönlerinin incelendiğinin; ilgili araştırmaları yayınlayan yazarların akademik disiplinlerinin nasıl farklılık gösterdiğinin ve; hangi metodolojileri kullandıklarının keşfedilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Mevcut çalışma bulgularının, sanal müzeler üzerine yürütülen ulusal araştırmaların aynı alandaki uluslararası araştırmalarla nasıl paralellik gösterdiğinin ortaya çıkarmasının yanı sıra, mevcut literatür boşluklarını belirtmesi ve gelecekte olası çalışmalar için öneriler sunması umulmaktadır.
EDUCATION POLICY ANALYSIS IN ORDER TO IMPROVE TEACHER PROFESSIONALISM
Authors: Nuraeni Nuraeni , Widiana I Wayan , Ratnaya I Gede
Published: August 2023

Teacher professionalism can be seen from its role in carrying out tasks, namely developing the potential of students with heterogeneous backgrounds, both basic abilities, social, economic and cultural. Today's teacher professionalism is still included in the "semi" or "quasi" professional category because their work, such as teaching, is not fully given autonomy rights in practice. Professionalism in relation to the right to autonomy for a teacher in carrying out his main duties as an educator and teacher includes the ability to plan, implement and evaluate learning. Meanwhile, without mastering various basic knowledge about science, about students, about the society and culture in which the school operates, learning theory, various learning models, and various evaluation models, it is difficult for teachers to easily adapt to the new demands of implementing national education keep changing. As for achieving the real category of teacher professionalism, teacher positions must require further education and special training, namely at least having a Bachelor's degree and continuing with specialized education in their field which currently can be pursued in teacher professional education (PPG).
THE SIMULATION OF EMERGENCY ACTION ON CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS BY HIGH CURRENT RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BEAMS
Authors: Donets S.E. , Bryukhovetsky V.V. , Lytvynenko V.V. , Kasatkin Yu.A. , Startsev О.А. , Lonin Yu.F. , Ponomarev A.G. , Uvarov V.T.
Published: August 2023

Development of many innovative areas in energy, mechanical engineering, aircraft building and other industries is limited by the strength of materials under the action of temperature gradients. In this regard, the problem appears to find and justify technical means to model a complex of operating conditions. High-current relativistic electron beams reasonably belong to such instruments and means. As a result of their impact, pulsed electric and magnetic fields occur in the irradiated targets, temperature gradients are created, and shock waves are generated. The paper investigates the patterns of change in the internal structure of the blades of gas turbine engines and engineering materials, subjected to the action of an electron beam
THE PHYSICO-TOPOLOGICAL SIMULATION OF A TRANSMISSION X-RAY TUBE WITH INDUCTION HEATING OF THE CATHODE
Authors: Maikut S.O. , Kuzmichev A.I. , Tsybulsky L.Yu. , Shynkarenko N.V.
Published: August 2023

Physico-topological simulation of a transmission X-ray tube (TRT) with inductionally heated thermionic cathode is presented, taking into account physical properties of functional elements and their design. Modeling is based on physical fundamentals for vacuum electronics and electrodynamics using ComSol. The distributions of electromagnetic fields, currents, temperature, and trajectories of thermoelectrons were calculated. The analysis of electron trajectories made it possible to optimize TRT topology and design.
DIGITALIZED BRIEFS: REFRAMING THE INFLUENCE OF THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT ON READERS' ENGAGEMENT WITH FLASH FICTION
Authors: Rahmeh Hassan
Published: August 2023

The proliferation of digital platforms has redefined readers' engagement patterns, especially with concise narratives like flash fiction This research delves into a thorough analysis of the distinctive characteristics of flash fiction, a form that is currently gaining popularity and widespread acceptance due to the enjoyment it gets from the digital environment. Embracing the essence of brevity, flash fiction thrives on conciseness and magnetizes its audience within a limited word count. With the advent of digital platforms and technological advancement, the boundaries of traditional storytelling have expanded, providing a fertile and dynamic environment for the growth of flash fiction. The research employs an interdisciplinary approach, interweaving threads from psychology, media analysis, and literary criticism to investigate the specific aspects of the digital milieu that are crucial to the heightened engagement and enjoyment felt by flash fiction enthusiasts. This study seeks to shed light on the fundamental mechanisms that contribute to the magnetic pull of flash fiction in the digital domain by analyzing a variety of dimensions, including interaction, accessibility, social connection, and creativity. A fundamental component of this exploration is to unravel the core processes that elevate the appeal of flash fiction in the digital world. By dissecting these aspects, the research illuminates how the combination of these factors works in unison to enhance the charm of flash fiction in the digital age.
 

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Pengaruh Pendidikan, Kesehatan dan Standar Hidup terhadap Kemiskinan Masyarakat Perkotaan (Survey pada Masyarakat Miskin Kecamatan Bojongloakaler Kota Bandung)
Authors: Anugrah R Fryanto
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi tingginya angka kemiskinan di wilayah Perkotaan. Kota Bandung selaku Ibu Kota Provinsi Jawa Barat, ditengah kemajuan ekonomi yang pesat tidak lepas dari persoalan Kemiskinan. Kota Bandung tergolong ke dalam Kota ketiga dengan angka Kemiskinan tertinggi di Povinsi Jawa Barat. Selama ini faktor penentu kemiskinan belum mencerminkan kondisi yang bersifat multidimensi. Padahal kondisi kemiskinan dapat dimaknai secara multidimensi, terutama kemiksinan di wilayah Perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penentu kemiskinan masyarakat perkotaan berdasarkan aspek multidimensi di wilayah Kota Bandung, khususnya di wilayah Kecamatan Bojongloakaler. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survey eksplanatori dengan teknik analisis data model regresi probit-logit. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 380 unit keluarga miskin dari total keluarga miskin sebesar 11.405 melalui teknik Proposionate Stratified Random Sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Angka kemiskinan Indeks kemiskinan multidimensi di Kecamatan Bojongloakaler sebesar tergolong rendah. (2) Hampir seluruh indikator dalamdimensi pendidikan berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan multidimensi. (3) Tidak ada satupun indikator dalam dimensi kesehatan berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan multidimensi. (4) Beberapa indikator dalam dimensi standar hidup berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan multidimensi.
Kata Kunci : Kemiskinan Multidimensi, Dimensi Pendidikan, Dimensi Kesehatan, Dimensi StandarHidup
Macroeconomic Strest Testing terhadap Risiko Kegagalan Perbankan di Indonesia
Authors: Fardila Fitrotul , Rudi Nugroho Muhammad
Published: August 2023

The economic crisis that hit Indonesia in 1998 had a negative impact on the stability of the Indonesian economy, including the banking sector. The banking sector as the coffers that drain funds to all sectors of the economy cost the restructuring is not small. The stress test is a method used to measure the stability of the financial system through the calculation of credit risk. In addition, stress tests can provide information about the nature of the financial system in crisis conditions and assist policymakers in calculating the level of financial system vulnerabilities. So that if the vulnerability of the financial system can be detected early, the government can take preventive measures to minimize the consequences. Thus, this study aims to examine the effect of macroeconomic variable shock on the probability of default of conventional banking and sharia banking in Indonesia through a logistic regression method. The probability of default occurrence as the dependent variable in this study is determined by using the credit failure ratio. While the independent variables used in this study are macroeconomic variables consisting of growth variables Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Exchange rate, inflation, and IHSG. The result of this research using the data of period 1st quarter of 2006 to 3rd quarter of 2017 concludes that IHSG is chosen as the main variable in forming stress test scenario. Based on the results of macroeconomic stress tests, great shock on IHSG holds the most significant change to the possibility of a banking default. By using the curve-fitting method, it is known that Syariah Rural Bank (BPRS) has the greatest possibility of default when shock occurs on IHSG variables compared to 8 other banks.
Keywords: Probability of Default, Stress Test, Macroeconomic Stress Testing, Financial Stability
THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF LARGE FOREST FIRES: A CASE STUDY OF STARA PLANINA NATURE PARK IN 2007 AND 2019
Authors: ZIVANOVIC Stanimir , GOCIC Milena
Published: August 2023

This work investigates the relationship between the occurrence of large forest fires (more than 1,000 ha) and meteorological data. Specifically, it analyzes the characteristics of large forest fires in July 2007 (2,500 ha) and October 2019 (2,108 ha) in Serbia’s Stara Planina Nature Park (NP). The results show that at these times, forest fires occurred during long heatwaves with low relative humidity and high air temperature. Dry climatic conditions in the preceding months also contributed to the occurrence of large forest fires, alongside the presence of wind. The study uses climate indices based on the combination of air temperature and precipitation. Forest drought index (FAI) data show that 2007 and 2019 were drier than the 1961–1990 climate period. According to the Lang Precipitation Factor Index (AILang), the periods June–July 2007 and July–October 2019 can be classified as dry. The De Martonne Drought Index (ImDM) shows that July 2007 and October 2019 had the characteristic of areism. These were also the periods when large wildfires were recorded. The results of this study could be used for wildfire risk assessment in protected areas and for fire prevention and suppression planning.
Економіка судноплавства і сервісної діяльності: глобальні тренди й трансформація
Authors: Жихарєва В.В. , Бундюк Р.А. , Власенко О.С. , Соколова М.С.
Published: August 2023

У монографії розглянуто сучасні тенденції розвитку ринків, які впливають на формування грошових потоків у судноплавній галузі, портфель фрахтових стратегій судноплавних компаній, теорія циклічності й ціноутворення в різних секторах судноплавства, сучасні тенденції державного регулювання судноплавної галузі, напрями стійкого розвитку галузі, тенденції сфери фінансування попонення флоту, концептуальні засади управління інвестиціями у розвиток флоту, економічний інструментарій управління ризиками. Книга призначена для студентів магістратури та аспірантів транспортних вишів, науковців, фахівців підприємств водного транспорту і органів державного управління галуззю.
СУДНОВЕ ВИСОКОВОЛЬТНЕ ЕЛЕКТРООБЛАДНАННЯ
Authors: Дранчук С.М. , Криворучко Д.Ю.
Published: August 2023

Навчальний посібник для підготовки бакалаврів спеціальності 141 «Електроенергетика, електротехніка, електромеханіка» та спеціальності 271 Річковий та морський транспорт, спеціалізації 271.03 «Експлуатація суднового електрообладнання та засобів автоматики». Одеса: Одеський національний морський університет, 2023– 211 с.
Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Carrot Pulp Ensiled with Different Dry Roughages
Authors: KANDEMİR Ali Faruk , KOP BOZBAY Canan
Published: August 2023

This study investigated the nutrient content, the digestibility of organic matter (OMD), and the metabolic energy (ME) values of silages prepared from carrot pulp, a by-product of the food industry. Five different silages with five replicates were prepared by adding wheat straw (CP + WS), vetch/oat hay (CP + VOH), maize stalk straw (CP + CS), alfalfa hay (CP + AH), and barley straw (CP + BS) as 20% absorption material to 80% carrot pulp. The silages were opened after 60 days, and physical and chemical analyses were performed. The dry matter content was highest in the CP+BS silage. Crude protein content was highest in the CP+AH and CP+VOH groups. CP+AH silage had the highest ADF and NDF. The CP+AH and CP+VOH groups had high-quality relative feed values, while all groups had very good Flieg quality values. There were no differences between the groups for OMD and ME. To conclude, it was found that carrot pulp silage can be used as an alternative feed source in animal nutrition.
Analisa Kegagalan Material Kepala Silinder Mesin Diesel 4 TAK
Authors: Hermawati Lilin , Mujiarto Iman , Pratomo Sunu Arsy , Kundori Kundori
Published: August 2023

cylinder head is a part that is exposed to thermal and mechanical loads which not only affect engine performance parameters. The purpose of this study is to analyze the failure of the cylinder head structure of a 4 stroke diesel engine and find the cause of the failure. In this study, surveys and measurements of the cylinder head were carried out, to find out the appropriate results so that they could determine cracks, wear, and warping of the cylinder head. The results showed that the maximum bend on the side of the cylinder head attached to the cylinder block was 0.07 mm, 0.08 mm, 0.069mm. While the maximum bending on the side of the cylinder head attached to the manifold is 0.15 mm, 0.14 mm, 0.16 mm. At maximum bending on the side of the cylinder head attached to the exhaust manifold, it is necessary to pay attention to how to use the diesel engine correctly and according to operating hours.
Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan ADR
Authors: Ramdhany Memmy Fatiyanti Deri
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (APS) adalah penyelesaian sengketa yang diluar pengadilan sesuai dengan kesepakatan para pihak yang dilakukan dengan cara konsiliasi, mediasi, negosiasi dan penilaian ahli. Hal ini tertuang dalam UU No. 30 Tahun 1999, sedangkan terkait mekanisme upaya penyelesaian menggunakan alternatif penyelesaian sengketa. Jenis penelitian hukum yang dilakukan adalah penelitian yuridis, yang menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undang, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi UU No. 30 Tahun 1999 terimplementasi dengan baik dalam melaksanakan upaya penyelesaian sengketa, Hasil dari permasalahan kedua yaitu, peneliti menemukan ada beberapa aturan yang dapat menjadi dasar hukum pemberlakuan Mediasi Penal di Indonesia. Beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut dapat menjadi rujukan dalam membantu kerja-kerja penegak hukum dalam menyelesaikan perkara pidana. permaafan yang ada di dalam masyarakat. Praktek penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar pengadilan selama ini tidak ada landasan hukum formalnya (norma kosong). Sering terjadi suatu kasus yang secara informal telah ada penyelesaian damai, namun tetap saja diproses ke pengadilan sesuai hukum yang berlaku.
Pelatihan bisnis digital marketing di PT. Abisakti Surya Megakon
Authors: Yudianto Firman , Magfira Dike Bayu , Adinugroho Mukhtar , Herlambang Teguh , Yuliana Leni
Published: August 2023

Digital marketing is a marketing strategy using the internet and information technology to expand traditional marketing functions. Digital marketing can help marketers establish relationships with customers to increase customer loyalty. Digital Marketing is one of the media that is currently in great demand by the public and as a support in their daily activities. Gradually, many people are starting to leave conventional marketing methods and switch to digital marketing. The problems experienced by PT. ASM is about digital marketing business marketing that can increase revenue on a sustainable scale in the era of globalization. This training will be given to employees / HR from PT. ASM to be able to improve soft skills in implementing and developing digital marketing so that it can help receive all forms of scientific and technological information that comes from outside to improve the economy for future prosperity. This training will be provided in a hybrid manner, conducted offline or online (zoom). This training will explain in more depth about digital marketing. Participants will also be taught to develop strategies to communicate brands through various digital media, as well as evaluate and measure their level of success.
Sleep and Behavioral Problems Among Preschool Children: Correlations from Pakistan Urbanhttps://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/sleep-and-behavioral-problems-among-preschool-children-correlations-from-pakistan-urban/
Authors: Lasi Seema , Kayani Somal , Afzal Noreen
Published: August 2023

The study was undertaken to explore patterns, habits, and problems for sleep in preschool children of urban Karachi, Pakistan. Two schools participated with a sample size of 297 preschool children. A cross-sectional study design was implemented. The mean age of children was 4.6 ± 0.71 years, and the male/female ratio was 49:51. The average daily sleep duration (nocturnal + daytime nap) was 9.51 ± 1.21 hours. At least one sleep problem was reported in 73% of children, the most frequently found sleep problems were, bedtime and wakeup resistance (25.6%), sleepy or tired during the day (46%), complains of growing pains in the legs (25%), nocturnal enuresis (19%) and nighttime fears (18%). Sleep problems were found significantly correlated with: child clinging to an adult (r = 0.134, p value 0.021), whining (r = 0.213, p value <0.001), fussing (r = 0.136, p value 0.019), prosocial behavior (r = -0.137, p value 0.019), peer problems (r = 0.151, p value 0.009), hyperactivity (r = 0.216, p value <0.001), conduct problems (r = 0.313, p value <0.001), emotional problems (r = 0.346, p value <0.001) and SDQ total difficulty score (r = 0.398, p value < 0.001). Sleep inconsistencies begin during early years; sleep disorders result from poor sleep habits and poor sleep habits results in insufficient sleep. The findings confirmed raising parental awareness on sleep hygiene to recognize and seek appropriate healthcare as and when needed. It is however recommended to introduce interventions involving schools, healthcare practitioners and parents to improve the situation. Another important recommendation is to plan future research involving objective measures to capture sleep duration in children, such as actigraph or sleep diaries maintained by parents for more accurate ways to measure sleep duration.
Web-based experiments in mediated receptive multilingualism
Authors: Stenger Irina , Avgustinova Tania
Published: August 2023

The article focuses on phenomena of cross-lingual comprehension mediated by a bridge language. In a web-based experiment, German speaking subjects – without any previous knowledge of Bulgarian – translate written Bulgarian stimuli relying on some knowledge of Russian. We investigate the importance of the selected individual and linguistic factors for success in mediated receptive multilingualism. Proficiency in reading in Russian and orthographic distance between Russian and Bulgarian cognates are the most important predictors.
Effective and aesthetic results of horizontal right axillary minithoracotomy for congenital heart defects repair in children
Authors: Nguyen Sinh Hien , Nguyen Huu Phong , Nguyen Dang Hung , Dang Quang Dai , Nguyen Hai Dang , Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong
Published: August 2023

Background: horizontal right axillary minithoracotomy is one of the treatment options for many simple congenital heart defects. This approach shows many aesthetic advantages besides effectiveness and safety. This study aims to: comment on the technical characteristics and early results of horizontal right axillary minithoracotomy in children at Hanoi Heart Hospital.

Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study. We retrospectively reviewed 156 patients who underwent horizontal right axillary minithoracotomy at Hanoi Heart Hospital from January 2022 to December 2022.

Results: horizontal axillary approach could be applied even for children with low weight, average weight was 12.22 ± 8.67 kg, the lowest was 2.6 kg and the highest was 51.0 kg. A wide range of congenital heart defects were repaired, including ventricular septal defect closure (84 patients), secundum atrial septal defect closure (22 patients), ventricular septal defect with stenosis repair (31 patients), partial atrio-ventricular septal canal repair (6 patients), repair of atrial septal defect with partial abnormal return of the pulmonary veins (3 patients), repair of ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect (4 patients), Cor triatriatum sinister repair (4 patients), mitral valve repair (1 patient), atrial septal defect and pulmonary valve stenosis repair (1 patient). Cannulation of the aorta and vena cavae was performed through the main incision, whose size ranged from 3.5 to 5.5cm. The average postoperative hospital stay was 7.34 ± 2.16 days, the rate of severe complications and hospital mortality were 0%.

Conclusion: horizontal right axillary minithoracotomy was a good approach to correct many simple congenital heart defects in children. This technique is being applied at Hanoi Heart Hospital safely and provided outstanding advantages in terms of aesthetics.
Implementation of Simple and Efficient Picture Caption Generator
Authors: Mane Vijay , Selkar Riddhi
Published: August 2023

Image captioning or picture captioning has become one of the most widely used technologies in applications that generate and provide captions for specific photographs. All these things are done with the help of deep neural networks. It identifies the specific objects in an image and their attributes and relationships. The purpose of this research is to find different things in a photograph, figure out their relationships, and write captions. The proposed system is implemented on dataset Flickr8k along with python. The input images are pre-processed and then features from images are extracted using CNN. To translate the features and objects extracted by CNN to a natural sentence in English LSTM is utilized in the implementation. Different types of images are tested with the proposed system. The results are presented with the generated image captions. The results presented shows the accuracy of the system. The presented method has potentials for such applications where image captioning is essential.
Review on Malware Classification with a Hybrid Deep Learning
Authors: N Divyashree , J Nagaraja
Published: August 2023

This study introduces advanced methodology for classifying malware by leveraging hybrid deep learning algorithms. The research presents a pioneering framework that seamlessly integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models to deliver a robust malware classification approach. The primary objective is to effectively differentiate between normal behavioral patterns and malicious network data. The efficacy of this innovative approach is evaluated by comparing it with conventional machine learning techniques like Support Vector Machines (SVM). Through this comparative analysis, the investigation aims to uncover the unique strengths and potential limitations of the proposed method, with the intention of establishing it as a superior alternative to current malware classification methods. By harnessing the individual capabilities of CNN and LSTM models, the proposed framework achieves a higher level of accuracy in identifying and categorizing malware compared to existing approaches. While CNN models excel in feature extraction from raw data, LSTM models exhibit proficiency in understanding sequential patterns. By synergizing these models, the resulting framework demonstrates significantly improved performance in classifying malware. The empirical assessment strongly suggests that the newly proposed framework is poised to outperform established techniques. These research findings hold great promise in advancing the development of more efficient systems for detecting and preventing malware.
Prediction of Successful Induction of Labour jointly using Bishop Score and Transvaginal Sonography in Primigravida Women in Pakistan
Authors: Iftikhar Taqdees , Qazi Naila , Naushaba Malik  , Hamid Nida , Gul Nadia , Rauf Razia
Published: August 2023

Objective: To assess the diagnostic efficacy of the Bishop Score and Transvaginal Ultrasonography (TVS) in predicting successful labor induction in primigravida women in a peri-urban population in Islamabad. Additionally, the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of combining the predictions from both methods to enhance accuracy in predicting successful labor induction.
Methodology: A prospective comparative study was conducted at the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, and Farooq Hospital, Islamabad, from December 2021 to December 2022. A total of 520 pregnant, primigravida women undergoing labor induction were included, and they were randomly divided into two groups for assessment using either the Bishop Score or Transvaginal ultrasonography. The outcome of interest was documented as the initiation of active labor within 24 hours. The efficacy of each method was validated separately and jointly, and the predictive accuracy of all three predictors was compared.
Results: The two groups demonstrated that both TVS and the Bishop Score were individually effective at predicting successful labor induction (p<0.00001 for both methods). TVS outperformed the Bishop Score in several key predictive measures, such as accuracy and the F1 Score. However, combining predictions from both the Bishop Score and TVS significantly improved both positive and negative predictive values (by more than 10% for each metric), resulting in a more reliable prediction.
Conclusion: Both the Bishop Score and TVS are effective methods for predicting successful labor induction in the peri-urban population of Islamabad, Pakistan. While TVS showed significant quantitative advantages over the Bishop Score, combining both predictors yielded even better performance, suggesting that using both methods together should be prioritized for prediction.
The Effects of Judicial Reorganization of Companies on the cost of credit in Brazil and its social impacts
Authors: Messias Ewerton Ricardo , Rosa André Luis Cateli
Published: August 2023

The present study aims to analyze whether the institute of judicial reorganization of companies has viability in the context of Economic Analysis of Law, taking into account its reflexes on the cost of credit in Brazil and consequently on society as a whole. The method of approach followed was empirical-dialectical, using bibliographic and legislative research. In conclusion, it was verified that the institute of judicial reorganization of companies, in the current national scenario, does not have viability in face of the theoretical framework of Economic Analysis of Law, considering that it provides short-term benefits only to those who participate directly in its process.
Lavagem de dinheiro, interações digitais e compliance: a necessária adaptação dos entes estatais
Authors: Bravo Ricardo , Garbaccio Grace Ladeira
Published: August 2023

A digitalização das interações sociais criou meios e oportunidades para coletas de dados e provas, representando desafios para o devido processo legal, inversão do ônus da prova e direitos fundamentais. Como a lavagem de dinheiro se associa às informações digitais e o compliance se torna ubíquo, analisar-se-ão os julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal referentes à obtenção de provas por órgãos estatais, bem como seu compartilhamento. Os resultados mostram que tais mecanismos não conseguem proteger os direitos individuais e evitar nulidades desnecessárias. Este artigo utiliza o método de pesquisa dedutiva e exploratória, baseado em artigos, decisões e estudos bibliográficos.
Building Sustainable Cities Along the Dimensions of Democracy
Authors: Casimiro Ligia Melo , Machado Raquel Ramos Cavalcanti , Carvalho Harley Sousa de
Published: August 2023

This research seeks to make evident the intimate connection between sustainable development and democratic concretization, characterized here not only by the electoral process, but also by a permanent dialogical relation between the State and civil society. The emphasis of the reflection is set on the local aspect with the purpose of studying forms of effective democratization of the urban space, and the possible means of achieving it. The starting point for this work is the hypothesis that the city is a space and territory in dispute, which reflects in contrasting expressions such as being the place of violations and denial of a dignified life, and yet, an environment of expansion of dignities and liberties. Therefore, what will be analyzed are the possible strategies to be elaborated, considering democratic planning and transforming institutional proposals, in order to enable the creation of a formal channel which effectively instrumentalizes dialogue with city population, considering all participants of the scenario, from the individual, to the private sector, up until, finally, the public power, which manages the public space. The following research is qualitative and deductive, adopting the procedures of bibliographic and documental research.