bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Políticas públicas e turismo: avaliação da participação e das instâncias de governança em Abaetetuba (Pará, Brasil)
Authors: Farias Kassia Silva , Figueiredo Silvio Lima
Published: June 2016

Neste estudo se objetivou ampliar as discussões sobre as políticas de turismo do município de Abaetetuba (Pará, Brasil), bem como apresentou resultados acerca das políticas de turismo no estado do Pará, mais especificamente no município de Abaetetuba e identificou as articulações entre ações governamentais e organizações comunitárias, e de sua importância para o desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo. Para isso, a análise utilizou-se da pesquisa exploratória referente à relação entre governança e governabilidade, participação, turismo e políticas públicas. Também foram coletados e comparados dados por meio da pesquisa de campo, na qual o pesquisador pôde verificar o nível de participação social quanto ao desenvolvimento do turismo. Para levantamento dos dados, foram elaborados questionários, estruturados em perguntas abertas e fechadas, voltados para os representantes do poder público (Diretoria de Turismo de Abaetetuba - ABAETUR) e do 3º setor (Associação dos Artesãos de Miriti de Abaetetuba - ASAMAB). A análise teve como pressuposto a matriz de Elementos da Governabilidade no Turismo, elaborada por Nóbrega (2012), analisando-se a “Participação qualitativa entre os membros da instância”. A pesquisa pôde constatar a inexistência de instâncias no município, o que caracterizou a baixa participação qualitativa entre as organizações civis, privadas e o poder público. Isso repercutiu, decisivamente, no mau desempenho da atividade em Abaetetuba-Pa.
A Gestão de Inovação em Empresa de Eventos na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil)
Authors: Falcão Roberto Pessoa de Queiroz , Rocha Saulo Barroso
Published: June 2016

No estudo verificam-se as características do processo da inovação, do ponto de vista da acumulação de capacidades, e suas implicações utilizando como base de estudos a análise de uma empresa aqui denominada como Alfa, (nome fictício), que estava atuando no segmento de feiras e eventos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil). A relevância deste trabalho se dá pela importância da área de eventos e sua contribuição para o turismo de negócios e eventos do Brasil. O trabalho tem como objetivo principal cotejar a literatura recente de inovação e acumulação de capacidades tecnológicas com evidências coletadas na empresa. Como objetivos intermediários deste estudo se buscou: traçar sugestões, baseadas em observação de características da inovação dentro da organização, à luz de Leonard-Barton (1998); e sugerir ações para acumulação de capacidade tecnológicas e inovação em empresas de eventos. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa. Com base em entrevistas com gestores, observação direta e análise de documentos internos da Alfa foi possível realizar análise de conteúdo a fim de atingir o objetivo principal do trabalho. Na conclusão do artigo se descrevem recomendações aplicadas para que a empresa alcance novas fronteiras da inovação, bem como oferecer subsídios para outras empresas do setor de feiras e eventos implantarem ações inovadoras.
Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 8, número 3, Setembro-Dezembro de 2015.
Authors: Bahl Miguel
Published: June 2016

Capa para compor opção de versão impressa.
Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 8, número 3, Setembro-Dezembro de 2015.
Authors: Bahl Miguel
Published: June 2016

Dados gerais (sítio e endereço eletrônicos), Indexadores, Outras fontes, Expediente, Sumário. Opção para compor versão impressa.
Analysis of Bilateral Effects between Social Undermining and Co-Creation among University Faculty Members
Authors: Taherpour Fatima , Rajaeepour Saeed , Siadat Ali , Kazemi Iraj
Published: June 2016

Understanding the social undermining is increasing important in organizational literature both because of its relation with job performance and because of its collective cost to individuals and organizations. This article argued that social undermining can effect on co-creation among faculty members. The study adopted a descriptive–correlational method. The statistical population of the study consisted university faculty members in Iran, that 235 members were selected as the participants using stratified random sampling consistent with the sample size. Social undermining was examined using Duffy et al. (2002) Questionnaire and co-creation were examined using researcher-made questionnaire based on co-creation DART model. Also the reliability of the questionnaire were computed using Cronbach’s alpha (0.94 for social undermining and 0.96 for co-creation questionnaire).Results based on data from a sample of university faculty members showed a negative relationship between social undermining and co-creation and were meaningful at 0.05 level of significance.
The Students Decision Making in Solving Discount Problem
Authors: Abdillah Abdillah , Nusantara Toto , Subanj Subanj , Susanto Hery , Abadyo Abadyo
Published: June 2016

This research is reviewing students’ process of decision making intuitively, analytically, and interactively. The research done by using discount problem which specially created to explore student’s intuition, analytically, and interactively. In solving discount problems, researcher exploring student’s decision in determining their attitude which concern in the used of intuitively, analytically, and interactively. Result of this research showing that the student’s decision making in solving discount problem begin with their intuitively, then interactively and continued with analytically; afterward return to intuition, interaction and end up with analytical. Those three components (intuitively, interactively and analytically) repeated occur until obtaining result which is desire.
Life History of the Golden Puddle Frog, Phrynobatrachus auritus Boulenger 1900 (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae)
Authors: Tasse Taboue Geraud Canis , Fokam Eric Bertrand
Published: June 2016

Frogs of the genus Phrynobatrachus Günther, 1862 are endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. These are increasingly threatened by a number of factors and are believed to be declining. We report on captive breeding experiments involving Phrynobatrachus auritus Boulenger, 1900. We provide a comprehensive life history for this frog with emphasize on tadpole development time, as well as a description of both the advertisement call and calling behaviour of the adult.
Adjusting Time for Uncertain Project Assessment
Authors: Cruz Rambaud Salvador , Sánchez Pérez Ana María
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a novel methodology to include the risk when determining the net present value of an investment. More specifically, the risk of cash flows is priced by the delay in the payment of debts not at the initially agreed maturities, but at later dates. To do this, first we recall the classical methods which introduce a certain risk correcting parameter before determining the net present value of the project. The key idea of this new model is to transfer the risk to the time embedded in the expression of the discount function by using a suitable deformation of this parameter. In this way, the risk is measured by the delay in the initially agreed maturity when obtaining the corresponding cash flow. On the other hand, the way to include the risk in a project is based on an adaptation of the Krugman’s curve which describes the relationship between debt maturities and their respective expectations of being obtained. The empirical contribution is based on the use of real data of payment delays corresponding to Spanish companies in 2015. This procedure allows to fit the risk of an investment project from a more realistic perspective and so to determine more accurately its net present value.
Abnormal Return, Market Reaction around Rating Announcement in Tunisian Stock Market
Authors: Daadaa Wissem
Published: June 2016

This paper tests the market reaction and the stock price change around rating announcements in Tunisian stock exchange using the event study methodology. We examine the impact of the change rating announcement on stock return firms from 2006 to 2010. The results show that only the negative rating with downgrades note which is associated to negative abnormal return. The market does not seem to be interested upgrades rating on the Tunisian market. The negative reaction of the market can be explained by leverage change, Book to Market ratio and the level of the rating fall.
Public Interest in Criminal Procedure and Its Challenges: An Attitude toward Iranian Criminal Law
Authors: Es-haghi Seyyed Jafar , Sheidaeian Mahdi
Published: June 2016

Greek philosophers had accepted “rule of law” as desired governance system since it was the only way to provide all citizens’ public interest. In today’s societies where public policy is accountable for the interests of total society or at least its majority, it is too vital to recognize the concept of public interest. Like other concepts, it is also radically transformed in modern age, despite varied perceptions on this concept, modern concept of public interest is understood as recognizing individual rights, accepting utility principle which means to attract the highest interest for most people, respecting legal process and adapting with common values of society independent of individual interests.

Criminal procedure is shaped in three main areas including criminal process, entities and its governing laws affected by public interest concept. Regulations such as competencies and penal provisional remedy, entities like the public prosecutor’s office and NGOs and criminal process models like crime control are all justified by this concept. In present paper, it is attempted to adapt such claim to Iranian procedural rights by some illuminations.
One can claim that criminal procedure is one of the most obvious arenas of public interest where individual rights and freedoms clash. Since criminal procedure is set to provide public interest like many other laws, it also supports individual rights. Such rights include both procedural and substantial rights. On this basis, criminal procedure aims at achieving a balance point between public interest and individual interest. Here, we study the challenge of four rights supported by criminal procedure on public interest in Iranian laws.
The Roots of Ejtemaioun Ammioun Emergence and Its Governing Ideas
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2016

The first organization party entitled Ejtemaioun Ammioun was established at the first of 20th century. This party at first was established not only in Iran, but also Transcaucasia by the Iranian immigrant. At the end of 19th century, revolutionary movements were initiated in Transcaucasia and Russia, Georgian and Armenia coalitions led it. Due to the reluctance of Muslims and particularly Iranian for cooperating with non-Islamic organizations for the religious purpose, some of the activist Muslim members or close to the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party member tried to establish a community and absorbed them through the establishment of a political party. The organization was founded with the name of Hemat and a significant number of Iranian and native Muslims were organized in this organization. The close relationship of Iranian to Hemat, the Iranian activist immigrants encouraged to establish their own party organization. These persons by following administrative and organizational goals of Hemet party and collaboration with some of its leaders, organized Ejtemaioun Ammioun with the aim of supporting the Iranian migrant workers and expanded its activities toward Iran. Given this background, part of its plan came under the influence of Social Democratic Party’s ideas. Ejtemaioun emphasized over the loss of privilege, reform land ownership patron-client relations, and workers’ rights by limiting working hours, the right of strike and freedom of trade unions. The prominent feature of Ejtemaioun Ammioun party was mixing religion with their organizational plans. Contrary to the impression prevailing at the time, Ejtemaioun Ammioun tried to show the Social socialist principles do not contradict the Islamic principles andeven many of the principles already existed in Islam. They introduced themselves as the true defenders of Islamic law.
The Study of Effects of Iraq's New Political Geography on the National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran Based on Lee Norji Martin’s Theory
Authors: Ghafoori Akbar
Published: June 2016

Given that the geography of modern times was one of the most important factors affecting the relations between Iran and Iraq, in this article we have tried to examine the influence of Iraq's new political geography variable factors on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, regardless of the security implications of Iraq's geopolitical constant factors, with placing three variable factors in the political geography means population, natural resources and socio-political institutions in the form of five security variables for Lee Norji. Martin, meaning the political legitimacy, civil rights and ethnic and minorities, military strength, the strength of economic management and natural resources, fifteen areas will be formed (in the annexes, these fifteen areas are in the table). The question that arises here is that what is the impact of Iraq's new political geography on the national security of Iran? The hypothesis that we are looking to review it is that changes in some areas of geopolitical of Iraq, after the United States invaded Iraq, made threats to the national security of Iran. The main objective of this paper is to study Iranian security changes in the first ten areas and to present solutions. Since the Iraq has not achieved stability yet, next five areas need further research and in this article do not occur.
Independence of Lawyers and Legal Institutions and Its Impact on the Country's Development
Authors: Ravanan Ali , Ghashghaei Leila , Ghashghaei Gholam Reza
Published: June 2016

So far, have more written about lawyer, have less successful. Lawyer should be independent. Therefore, autonomy of Bar Association has been seriously proposed. Autonomy of judiciary and judges has always been emphasized in our constitutional law and has been proposed as judiciary should be separate of other powers. Judges shouldn’t be dependent or under power of others. On the other hand, there is no comprehensive and sufficient reference in constitutional law about bar association and judge and power of attorney is considered under people rights. In spite of all emphasis, conception of this deduction is not clear. Attorney autonomy is rooted from various bases and has separate and specific conception other than judgment. Studying principles of constitutional law accurately shows that attorney occupation is not subject of any supervisor principle to judiciary, but just having lawyer in procedural process is a part of people rights. Therefore, law maker shouldn’t see them equal to regulate constitutional law and pit attorney power as judgment under supervision of judiciary.
Criminal Protection of the Family in Iran’s Law in Light of the Latest Code
Authors: Shirazi Gholam Reza , Kalantary Keyoumars , Shakeri Abolhasan
Published: June 2016

According to Iranian legislation, the family is the basic unit and all the codes and rules must be enacted to support and protect it. This article discusses the known crimes and penalties that support the family institution according to Iran’s penal code. The method used in this article is library-descriptive and it is done in content-analysis style. In this paper, based on the latest Family Protection Code, we analyzed the criminalized behaviors and actions that damage the family. The investigation concludes that some actions and behaviors are correctly criminalized while some others can receive more suitable responses through non-criminal measures such as psychological and counseling systems. In some cases the legislator has imposed sever response against criminal actions. Besides, it is found that measures preventing criminalization may preclude secondary victimization.
Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) possess antioxidant properties on Fe2+-initiated peroxidation of rat brain microsomes
Authors: Palacios Alejandro , Barberón Javier , Leaden Patricio , Zeinsteger Pedro
Published: June 2016

In this study the effects of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) extract (CO) on the polyunsaturated fatty acid composition, chemiluminescence and unsaturation index of microsomes isolated from brain rat, are presented. After incubation of microsomes in an ascorbate (0.4 mM)-Fe2+ (2.15 µM) system (180 min at 37 °C) it was observed that the total cpm/mg protein originated from light emission:chemiluminescence was lower in brain microsomes obtained from CO group compared to the control group (without extract supplementation). Moreover, it was observed that the addition of the extract reduced chemiluminescence -measured as total cpm- in a concentration dependent manner. The fatty acid composition of brain microsomes from control group was profoundly modified when subjected to non-enzymatic lipoperoxidation with a considerable decrease of arachidonic acid C20:4w6 and docosahexaenoic acid C22:6w3. As a consequence, the unsaturation index, a parameter based on the maximal rate of oxidation of specific fatty acids, was higher in the CO group compared to controls. The simultaneous analysis of unsaturation index, chemiluminescence and fatty acid composition indicate that CO may act as an antioxidant protecting rat brain microsomes from peroxidative damage.
Is there a paradigm shift in use of microsomes and hepatocytes in drug discovery and development?
Authors: Basu Sumit , Shaik Abdul Naveed
Published: June 2016

Opinion
Isolation of Bioactive Phenazine-1-Carboxamide from the Soil Bacterium Pantoea agglomerans and Study of Its Anticancer Potency on Different Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Ali Hayssam M , El-Shikh Mohamed S , Salem Mohamed Z M , M Muzaheed
Published: June 2016

The study was designed to investigate the anticancer effect of phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) isolated from the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans naturally present in soil. PCN showed cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibitory concentrations on the cancer cell lines A549, HeLa, and SW480 were between 32 and 40 μM. Significantly increased concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase were found with increasing concentrations of PCN, which resulted in increased destruction of the cancer cell membrane. A significantly increased p53 level was accompanied by the increased production of cytochrome c protein in all cancer cell lines studied. This condition in cells leads to the overexpression of caspase 3 and Bcl-2 family proteins. Upregulation and downregulation of proapoptotic and antiproapoptotic proteins were analyzed for their messenger RNA and protein expression. The activation of caspases and their cleavage compounds paves the way for the complete apoptosis process in cancer cells. We conclude that P. agglomerans–derived PCN acts as an effective anticancer drug or compound.
“Are You a Computer?” Opening Exchanges in Virtual Reference Shape the Potential for Teaching
Authors: Dempsey Paula R.
Published: June 2016

Academic reference librarians frequently work with students who are not aware of their professional roles. In online interactions, a student might not even realize that the librarian is a person. The ways students initiate conversations reveal their understanding of the mutual roles involved in reference encounters. Conversation analysis of live chat transcripts at two institutions establishes the importance of opening exchanges to shape the potential for teaching. Chats that students open with relational cues (greeting, introduction, courtesy, verbal softeners) last longer than chats without these cues. Longer chats include more expressions of enthusiastic gratitude. The transcripts show evidence of successful strategies by librarians to shift chats from transactional openings to conversations with potential for engaged learning.
IMPACTOS DA DECISÃO DA SUPREMA CORTE DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS NA PROTEÇÃO DO PATRIMÔNIO GENÉTICO HUMANO: caso Association for Molecular Pathology vs. Myriad Genetics
Authors: Costa Beatriz Souza , Brito Nathalia Bastos do Vale
Published: June 2016

O presente artigo analisa a decisão da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos, que invalidou as patentes sobre material genético humano de titularidade dos laboratórios Myriad. Questiona-se os impactos dessa decisão na proteção do patrimônio genético humano, considerando-o como integrante do meio ambiente, à luz das considerações bioéticas. O objetivo geral é a busca pela resposta a essa indagação sendo utilizado, para tanto, o raciocínio dedutivo-indutivo, valendo-se da técnica da pesquisa bibliográfica e do estudo de caso. Através da análise de considerações bioéticas acerca da importância de tal decisão na proteção do patrimônio genético humano, conclui-se que este não deve ser tratado como completamente intangível, mas que pode, segundo limites jurídicos e éticos, ser utilizado de forma a garantir a dignidade da pessoa humana e o meio ambiente equilibrado. Assim, a decisão da Suprema Corte auxiliou nessa garantia ao invalidar uma patente claramente indevida e sem obedecer aos requisitos legais.
Raising European citizens: Constructing European identities in French and English textbooks
Authors: Sakki Inari
Published: June 2016

Schools play a pivotal role in the formation of identities and in the political socialization of youth. This study explores the social representations of European integration in French and English school textbooks and shows how the social representations are discursively used to construct national and European identities. By analysing the history and civics textbooks of major educational publishers, this study aims to demonstrate how European integration is understood, made familiar and concretized in the school textbooks of the two influential but different European countries. The findings suggest some shared and some diverse patterns in the way the two European countries portray and construct the political project of European integration. These representations, constructed around French Europe in French textbooks and ambivalent Europe in English textbooks, share the images of a strong European economy and a French-led political Europe. However, they position themselves differently with respect to the United States, motivation for the European unification process and the significance of common values and heritage. In both countries textbooks draw upon memories that are important for group identity. While the French textbooks make European integration meaningful in reference to a shared post-war collective memory and to a cultural memory based on a more ancient idea of Europe, shared values and heritage, the English textbooks anchor it more strongly to domestic policy.
Histopathological Study on Induced Eeffects of Cadmium on Liver, Gizzard and Kidney of Larus argentatus
Authors: Noreen Raza  , Tasneem A. Saqib  , Ghazala Yasmeen  , Syed Naeemul Hassan Naqvi  , Mijaz Hijazi
Published: June 2016

The study was carried out on the effects of cadmium (Cd) on liver, gizzard and kidney of Larus argentatus. Significant alterations were observed after the treatment of high and low dose of cadmium chloride injected to Larus argentatus. Investigation of the effects of Cd on body tissues was done by sectioning of fixed tissue by paraffin section techniques. Major changes were noted at high dose of cadmium chloride in liver, kidney and gizzard. While, under low dose of cadmium chloride, mild to moderate changes in hepatocytes around blood vessels in liver; reduction in thickness of epithelium and muscular layer in gizzard; and slight alterations in arrangement of tubules of loop of henle in the kidney of proximal convoluted tubules with granular cytoplasm were observed. No lesions were found in the mentioned body tissues of Larus argentatus of control group.
Opinión pública sobre la multifuncionalidad del regadío: El caso de Castilla y León
Authors: Gómez-Limón José A. , Gómez-Ramos Almudena
Published: June 2016

This paper analyses the demands from the society of Castilla y León (Spain) regarding its agricultural sector through the valuation of the relevance of its productive and non-productive functions. Additionally, it assesses the level of social satisfaction concerning the performance of these functions by irrigated agriculture in this region. For this purpose primary data colleted through a survey has been used. Results obtained show that the average citizen does not perceive a higher utility from irrigated agriculture compared with the whole agricultural sector. For these particular agricultural systems the social function is the element of multifunctionality considered most relevant regarding the perceived social welfare.
La importancia de las denominaciones de origen protegidas como indicadores de calidad para el comportamiento del consumidor. El caso del aceite de oliva del Bajo Aragón
Authors: Espejel Joel , Fandos Carmina , Flavián Carlos
Published: June 2016

In this paper we analyze the influence of satisfaction towards a food product with Protected Denomination of Origin (PDO) on loyalty and consumers’ buying intention. The results show the importance that the consumers allowance towards the links as the origin, territory, raw materials, know how, and the strict controls by the PDO Regulatory Council. All these aspects, concern in the determination of the perceived quality of the above mentioned PDO food products. In fact, these findings suppose a major feelings satisfaction and loyalty as well as of a major predisposition to continue buying the olive oil from Bajo Aragon (Spain).
Derechos de emisión temporales procedentes de actividades de forestación y reforestación en el EU ETS
Authors: Bachiller Méndez Ignacio , Fernández-Cavada Labat José Luis , Martín Juez Jaime
Published: June 2016

The authors have assessed the regulatory framework set by the UNFCCC (United Nations Frame Convention on Climate Change), the Kyoto Protocol and its Flexible Mechanisms, including the CDM (Clean Development Mechanism), and the EU ETS (European Union Emissions Trading Scheme). After this general overview, the article shows how afforestation and reforestation activities have been incorporated into the CDM process and its current consideration under the EU ETS. Transaction costs of these types of CDM project activities are analyzed, together with the state of the temporary allowances market. Finally, taking into account the above mentioned elements, the authors draw several conclusions on the opportunity and expectations of the future development of this market.
Precio de la tierra con presión urbana: Un modelo para España
Authors: Decimavilla Esther , San Juan Carlos , Sperlich Stefan
Published: June 2016

This paper examines agricultural land prices and the variables that affect them as a way of identifying and explaining the recent price cycle in Spain. The key variables in our panel data model are location and expected farm income as fundamental factors and housing prices and increases in irrigated areas as nonfundamental dependant variables. The price cycle is also related to regional specialization and the impact of integration in the CAP. The novelty of the paper consists in the use of panel data models to identify fundamental factors related to agricultural productivity (expected agricultural income) and location and nonfundamental or speculative factors (housing prices, irrigated areas and demographic changes) using regional data associated with land type.
Programación de la comercialización mensual agraria: El caso de los cultivos hortícolas en la provincia de Almería
Authors: Pérez-Mesa Juan Carlos
Published: June 2016

This article analyses the programming of farm production, understood not only as the choice among several crops but also as their temporal distribution. First the programming of the production for an individual company is studied, where its decisions do not affect equilibrium market prices: in this case we use a Markowitz model adapted to the temporal programming of the commercialization. Secondly, the sales arrangements for an operator with capacity, given its trading volume, to alter the market equilibrium will be analyzed: in this case we propose a model which maximises monthly incomes and margins.
Estimación del valor económico de la calidad del agua de un río mediante una doble aproximación: Una aplicación de los principios económicos de la Directiva Marco del Agua
Authors: Del Saz Salazar Salvador , Hernández Sancho Francesc , Sala Garrido Ramón
Published: June 2016

The main aim of the European Water Frame Directive is to achieve the good ecological status in all European waters by 2015 with a combined approach of different measures. In this study, two stated preference methods –contingent valuation and contingent ranking– have been applied to obtain the economic value of a hypothetical improvement of the water quality of a river. The comparison of both methods shows that contingent ranking yields higher values than contingent valuation, as found in previous literature. Lastly, the estimated values are aggregated in order to obtain the social benefits that steam from this environmental improvement.
Evolución histórica de la Superficie Agrícola Utilizada en Galicia (1962-2006). Integración de fuentes estadísticas y cartográficas
Authors: Corbelle Rico Eduardo , Crecente Maseda Rafael
Published: June 2016

In 2007 the regional Parliament of Galicia passed a law for the creation of a regional Land Bank. Among its objectives, the law establishes the conservation of the Utilized Agricultural Area (UAA) in the region and the restoration of the UAA that had been lost in previous years. Previous work by other authors, based on the study of data from Agricultural Census, had reached the conclusion that, effectively, UAA had decreased in Galicia during the last half Century. Considering that the study of land use changes requires the analysis of different sources of information, both statistical and cartographic, this work is aimed at the revision of those conclusions about the evolution of UAA, based on the integration of other sources of data (statistical yearbooks, land use maps, SIGPAC, among others). Conclusions of this work confirm the existence of a drop of UAA, but place the period of biggest decrease in the decades after 1990 and propose an estimation of affected area around 75,000 ha.
La población rural en España: un enfoque a escala municipal
Authors: Atance Ignacio , Martínez Jávega María Teresa , Pujol Rogelio , Urruela Julio
Published: June 2016

Population in Spain has grown significantly during the last decade; however, population growth has not increased evenly across the country. High demographic growth rates in costal and urbaninfluenced rural areas can lead to errors when considering added rural population data. This research depicts Spanish rural population’s evolution using a municipal scale approach and analyzes classic demographic variables and their explanatory capacity on rural population’s evolution. Results show that rural depopulation is still increasing in wide areas of the country. Classical demographic variables have been tested significant although they are not deciding factors in explaining rural population’s evolution
Adopción y difusión de prácticas de no laboreo en el olivar de la provincia de Granada
Authors: Franco Juan Agustín , Calatrava Javier
Published: June 2016

This paper analyses the process of adoption of no-tillage in the olive groves of the Southern Spanish province of Granada. The data used comes from a survey carried out in 2005-2006 to 215 olive farmers. We first analyse the diffusion process of no-tillage practices over time by estimating several diffusion models. Then we identify some factors that determine their adoption by estimating two binomial probit models. Our results show that no-tillage is practiced by 90% of surveyed farmers. The diffusion process of no-tillage practices has been intense since the middle nineties, and has been based on the interactions among farmers in the area of study rather than influenced by other external factors. Some relevant factors that influence the adoption of no-tillage practices are irrigation, the continuity of the farming activity by some relative or farmer’s perception of the soil erosion problem.
Análisis del impacto medioambiental derivado de las actividades económicas. Aplicación a una economía regional
Authors: Flores Mónica , Mainar Alfredo J.
Published: June 2016

The goal of this paper is to analyse the households’ environmental impact in a regional economy, including the household direct impact as well as the impact associated with the production of goods and services of the household demand. Moreover, per capita ecological impacts for each household category according to income level are obtained. We focus on water consumption, and water and atmospheric pollution. The framework is based on a regional SAMEA (Social Accounting Matrix and Environmental Accounts), and vertically integrated environmental indicators using the Leontief model. An application is carried out for the Aragon case.
Herramientas científicas para la adaptación al cambio climático: Estimo y optimización de la eficiencia de provisión de los servicios de ecosistemas
Authors: Villa Ferdinando , Bagstad Ken , Johnson Gary , Voigt Brian
Published: June 2016

Adaptation to the consequences of climate change can depend on efficient use of ecosys tem services (ES), i.e. a better use of natural services through management of the way in which they are delivered to society. While much discussion focuses on reducing consumption and increasing production of services, a lack of scientific instruments has so far prevented other mechanisms to improve ecosystem services efficiency from being addressed systematically as an adaptation strategy. This paper describes new methodologies for assessing ecosystem services and quantifying their values to humans, highlighting the role of ecosystem service flow analysis in optimizing the efficiency of ES provision.
La valoración económica de cambios en servicios del ecosistema: Una aplicación de la metodología CGE
Authors: Bosello Francesco , Eboli Fabio , Parrado Ramiro , Nunes Paolo A.D.L. , Ding Helen , Rosa Renato
Published: June 2016

The present study integrates Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling with biodiversity services, proposing a possible methodology for assessing climate-change impacts on ecosystems. The assessment focuses on climate change impacts on carbon sequestration services provided by European forest, cropland and grassland ecosystems and on provisioning services, but provided by forest and cropland ecosystems only. To do this via a CGE model it is necessary to identify first the role that these ecosystem services play in marketable transactions; then how climate change can impact these services; and finally how the economic system reacts to those changes by adjusting demand and supply across sectors, domestically and internationally.
Del distrito industrial al distrito rural: implicaciones teóricas para el desarrollo territorial
Authors: Sebastián Castillo Juan , García María del Carmen
Published: June 2016

As opposed to the traditional Marshallian Industrial District, the Rural District becomes a new concept for territorial development thanks to the qualitative changes of population occurring since 1970 in developed countries and since 1980 in Spain and Castilla-La Mancha. The urban areas are decreasing in importance and the urban hierarchy and center-periphery relations evolved into less hierarchic and multipolar relations. Rural-rural movements occurred in rural environments, from minor cores to region cores and/or higher populated cores as a reproduction of a center-periphery model at rural territorial level.
Reconsiderando la metodología FAO sobre el cálculo del número de personas que pasan hambre en el mundo
Authors: Morales-Opazo Cristian , Barreiro-Hurlé Jesús
Published: June 2016

FAO measure of undernourishment is calculated based on three main parameters: dietary energy supply (DES), minimum dietary energy requirement (MDER), and the coefficient of variation of dietary energy consumption (CV). In the current implementation of this methodology, the DES and the MDER change over time, as would be expected. The CV, however, remains constant. However, we expect the CV to change over time and be a function of income and prices. This paper discusses why the CV should change in response to changes in these variables, and suggests a practical way to estimate changes in the CV over time in the absence of survey data.
Des femmes dans des mondes d’hommes
Authors: Fortier Sylvie
Published: June 2016

Au Québec, l’intégration des femmes aux métiers traditionnellement masculins est une préoccupation, constante depuis plusieurs décennies, qui se traduit notamment par la mise en place de différentes politiques d’égalité. Toutefois, malgré les discours officiels exprimant l’accès égal pour tous à tous les domaines professionnels, la division sexuelle du monde du travail est toujours bien présente. Cette segmentation s’observe aussi dans le monde scolaire, à tous les niveaux de formation, mais il semble qu’elle soit particulièrement marquée à la formation professionnelle au secondaire, reléguant les femmes à des domaines professionnels où les emplois sont souvent sous-valorisés. Devant ce constat, c’est dans une approche qualitative/interprétative et dans une perspective féministe que l’expérience scolaire de sept femmes inscrites à un programme de formation professionnelle au secondaire menant à l’exercice d’un métier traditionnellement masculin est examinée. S’appuyant sur une analyse thématique d’entretiens individuels semi-dirigés, les données présentées suggèrent, malgré une appréciation généralement positive de leur expérience, que les obstacles rencontrés par ces femmes dans les dernières décennies s’aplanissent bien lentement. En effet, leurs discours révèlent la présence de nombreuses inégalités basées sur le sexe et montrent que leur intégration aux groupes scolaires majoritairement masculins constitue encore un défi pour elles.
Rôles et statuts des femmes dans la Policía Nacional del Perú : femmes au travail ou travail de femmes ?
Authors: Boutron Camille
Published: June 2016

Cet article s’intéresse au processus de féminisation de la police nationale péruvienne (Policía Nacional del Perú) telle qu’elle peut être observée depuis la fin des années 1970. A partir des résultats d’une enquête de terrain menée entre 2004 et 2005 à Lima dans diverses unités policières, il montre que la modernisation des institutions policières au tournant des années 1990 a représenté un véritable tournant dans la féminisation de la police péruvienne. Officiellement les femmes peuvent ainsi aujourd’hui officiellement aspirer aux mêmes perspectives de carrières que les hommes. L’enquête de terrain a cependant révélé que certaines inégalités de genre persistent, alors que les femmes policières sont par ailleurs exposées à une forme de violence spécifique de la part du public en raison de leur sexe, notamment celle affectée à la circulation. Malgré cela les femmes ont néanmoins réussi à agir sur la transformation des institutions policières péruviennes en en devenant des actrices légitimes. La féminisation de la police péruvienne se présente ainsi comme un reflet de la modernisation du marché du travail mais aussi comme un facteur de mutation des activités de police et de la sécurité publique.
Le patrimoine au défi de l’interculturalité : enjeux et nouvelles pratiques
Authors: Autant-Dorier Claire
Published: June 2016

Le patrimoine semble être devenu un outil de promotion, voire de « gestion » de la diversité, notamment au niveau des instances politiques internationales. Il serait un opérateur de construction du « commun ». La première partie de l’article pointe le fait que la seule reconnaissance de la diversité ne saurait toutefois suffire à faire du commun, car elle maintient une conception identitaire, voire réifiée, du patrimoine. L’hypothèse est faite que, pour devenir « commun », le patrimoine devrait être désapproprié, y compris dans sa dimension publique. L’auteur examine alors comment les articles de ce numéro déclinent diverses conceptions et modalités de faire « patrimoine commun ». Il apparaît que les sources de production et de légitimation du patrimoine se diversifient, leurs manifestations et formes changent, en particulier depuis la reconnaissance du patrimoine culturel immatériel, et les acteurs eux-mêmes s’hybrident. L’analyse porte, dans une deuxième partie, sur la façon dont les voix profanes et minorées contribuent à une co-activité de définition de la légitimité et des usages de ce qui, dès lors, fait patrimoine. Il y aurait là basculement de régime patrimonial, dans lequel plus que d’authentification, il s’agirait d’un travail politique de reconsidération. Celui-ci passe par des expériences, voir des expérimentations, dans lesquelles le chercheur est également un acteur impliqué. La dernière partie identifie, au travers des contributions présentées, quelques caractéristiques du patrimoine mis à l’épreuve de l’interculturalité. Ce qui fait la force du patrimoine, en régime interculturel, ne dépendrait pas de procédures d’authentification, de classement, de protection, mais des performances qui l’actualisent et de sa capacité prospective. Des espaces d’invention de la culture sont ainsi activés.
Le « patrimoine commun » des anciens territoires allemands de l’Est : approche politique versus approche communautaire
Authors: Bierwerth Gesa
Published: June 2016

Cet article propose une réflexion critique sur le concept de « patrimoine commun », introduit par Tomaszewski au milieu des années 1990, et qui renvoie à l’héritage culturel de territoires bi- et multiculturels. Cette notion véhicule l’espoir de rompre avec le passé et tout particulièrement avec l’interprétation nationale du patrimoine, afin de concentrer les forces en faveur de sa préservation. L’analyse critique du contexte d’émergence de cette notion et de ses différentes interprétations met en lumière son opérabilité et ses limites à la fois sur le plan théorique et pratique. Une approche juste du patrimoine doit plutôt prendre en compte ses origines, les altérations qu’il a subies et le rapport que les communautés entretiennent avec lui. Ainsi, ceux qui fréquentent le patrimoine en question et qui s’y identifient entreprennent des projets à petite échelle en négociant des compromis. Une approche prometteuse et favorable à la renaissance du patrimoine repose ainsi sur des actions intercommunautaires qui lui attribuent une nouvelle charge symbolique, permettant ainsi de créer un patrimoine effectivement commun.
“Words to receive. Words to be received”: reflections on the Intercultural City museum work
Authors: Parrino Lucia
Published: June 2016

Although diversity has always been a fundamental characteristic of human societies, now more than ever it has become central to the political and research agenda. The question of how we can live together while enjoying our differences is a fundamental issue of our time, and the city is viewed as the most promising site to negotiate identities. That being so, what is the role of museums? How can local museums develop interventions that address local cultural diversity issues?

In the first part of the article, I introduce the idea of “Intercultural City museum work.” I present a metadesign framework that aims to help museums emphasize the impact of diversity work on their local contexts, proposing the Intercultural City approach as a reference point. In the second part of the article, I describe the “Intercultural City museum work” and on using the metadesign framework with reference to MUST-Museo del Territorio Vimercatese, a civic museum on local history and identity in Vimercate, a town in the metropolitan area of Milan. Immigration to the geographical area over the past few decades and the resulting cultural diversity are neither reflected in the museum collections nor the permanent exhibitions. As a result, the museum decided to address these topics through services, events and special projects. In particular, I describe the exhibition Words to Receive. Words to be Received, designed and created by COI-Centro Orientamento Immigrati—a local immigrants’ resource centre—with the museum.
L’individuation du social et le statut sociologique de l’individu
Authors: Messu Michel
Published: June 2016

Une partie de la sociologie française se réclame aujourd’hui d’une « sociologie des individus ». Après avoir été largement dominée par une approche accordant aux « structures sociales » un pouvoir explicatif en dernière instance, la sociologie contemporaine accorde, parfois, ce pouvoir aux individus. L’article propose de comprendre ce glissement épistémologique par une sorte d’adaptation de la démarche sociologique à nos sociétés devenues « individualistes » – c’est-à-dire valorisant et accordant aux individus une place prépondérante dans la manière d’être en société. La discipline sociologique l’aura fait explicitement en promouvant un individu épistémique et implicitement en adoptant des méthodes dites qualitatives. L’article discutera aussi la question de savoir s’il y a là vraiment un gain quant à ce que se propose d’atteindre la discipline sociologique.
Le retour d’intérêt pour la formation des élites à la charnière du XXe et du XXIe siècles : une recomposition des conceptions de la justice en éducation
Authors: Derouet Jean-Louis
Published: June 2016

L’article analyse l’intérêt de la recherche en éducation pour la formation des élites qui se manifeste depuis la fin du XXe siècle. Sans méconnaître l’influence de la pensée néoconservatice portée par les pays anglo-saxons, il essaie de situer le débat dans une perspective plus longue, remontant au moins aux Lumières. La question « Comment l’école peut-elle assurer à la fois la formation de tous et la promotion des meilleurs ? » constitue un classique de la philosophie politique de l’éducation. Pour y répondre, chaque période a élaboré des compromis en fonction de la représentation que la société a d’elle-même et des dynamiques qu’elle souhaite promouvoir. Le texte s’attache particulièrement à la manière dont la tension est gérée aujourd’hui dans la perspective de « sociétés intégratrices » et au déclin d’une définition de l’élite liée à la tradition culturelle au profit d’une philosophie managériale du projet.
Les technologies de communication : d’une sociologie des usages à celle de l’expérience hypermoderne
Authors: Jauréguiberry Francis
Published: June 2016

Cet article rappelle comment la sociologie des usages des technologies de communication a d’abord, en réhabilitant les usagers dans leur dimension d’acteurs, permis de s’extraire de simples études d’impact des technologies sur le social, puis a conduit, au moins en partie, à une sociologie de l’expérience. À son tour, cette dernière pose concrètement la question de savoir comment et dans quelle mesure, dans un monde où ces technologies irriguent désormais la quasi-totalité de la surface de nos vies, l’individu contemporain en reste encore maître. En particulier, la question de l’autonomie du soi-sujet (réflexif et en retrait) en regard du soi-objet (constamment pisté, calibré et métabolisé en un ensemble d’indicateurs par le biais de ces mêmes technologies) est posée, lançant ainsi à la sociologie le défi de rendre compte de ce qui semble être l’un des enjeux centraux de la société hypermoderne.