bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers to methamphetamine treatment seeking in residential centers in Aguascalientes, Mexico
Authors: Martínez Martínez Kalina Isela , Ojeda Aguilar Yancarlo Lizandro , Robles Villarreal Lorenia , Paz Pérez María Abigail
Published: August 2023

Introduction

In the Aguascalientes, most people who seek treatment go to non-governmental residential centers, and about half request treatment for meth use. Although some barriers to treatment seeking among these users are known, few studies have been conducted with the Mexican population, specifically with users of residential centers. The aim of this study was to explore the main barriers reported by these patients, the relationship between reported barriers and meth use, as well as identify possible user profiles based on the barriers and the pattern of consumption.

Methods

We designed a brief survey that evaluated sociodemographic data, consumption pattern, help-seeking for consumption and use of services, barriers in the search for services, depression, and suicide attempts. Here, we report the results of barriers and consumption patterns. The study sample consisted of 865 individuals receiving treatment for meth use in 23 certified residential centers.

Results

Patients reported an average of 2.12 barriers, the main ones being not considering the services useful for them (41.6%), not considering it important to attend (35%), and not finding time to attend the consultation (29.8%). We found a statistically significant relationship, although weak, between the number of barriers reported by participants and the age of onset of meth use, dangerous perception of meth use, attempts to quit, and the number of problems associated with use. We used a cluster analysis that was performed using the k-means machine learning algorithm, which revealed two clusters. The first was formed by patients who started using meth at a young age which has more problems associated with meth use and more barriers in seeking services, while the other was formed by patients who started at an older age which have fewer problems and fewer barriers. We found statistical differences between groups, where it was found that young group reported consuming more substances, more problems associated, and more barriers in seeking services.

Discussions

This study revealed the main barriers to seeking treatment among patients in residential centers and found that the age of onset of meth use is a risk factor for presenting more barriers and more problems associated with consumption.
Mentalizing partially mediates the association between attachment insecurity and global stress in preservice teachers
Authors: Schwarzer Nicola-Hans , Dietrich Lars , Gingelmaier Stephan , Nolte Tobias , Bolz Tijs , Fonagy Peter
Published: August 2023

Objective

Considering the fact that the teaching profession is a highly stressful occupation and that teachers’ ineffective coping strategies contribute to higher levels of stress, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether insecure attachment is related to global stress experiences in preservice student teachers. Furthermore, it was examined whether this link is mediated by the preservice teachers’ mentalizing—the capacity to perceive and consider one’s own and others’ behavior based on intentional mental states.

Methods

Data of this cross-sectional study came from 202 preservice student teachers using self-report instruments (attachment: Expectation in Close Relationships; mentalizing: Reflective Functioning Questionnaire; stress: Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress). The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling.

Results

Anxious attachment was positively related to stress and impairments in mentalizing. In addition, the link between attachment-related anxiety and stress was partially mediated by mentalizing. Avoidant attachment was not associated with stress or mentalizing.

Discussion

Results indicate that anxious attachment is associated with higher perceived stress in preservice student teachers. Consequently, attachment-related anxiety may be a risk factor which, in turn, may foster perceptions of higher global stress experiences.

Conclusion

Additional research needs to focus on exploring the link between attachment insecurity and global stress experiences among preservice student teachers. An examination of preservice student teachers’ own attachment experiences proves to be useful, for example in the context of mentalization-based supervision or reflective practice.
The role of arts engagement in reducing cognitive decline and improving quality of life in healthy older people: a systematic review
Authors: Fioranelli Massimo , Roccia Maria Grazia , Garo Maria Luisa
Published: August 2023

In recent years, arts engagement has been proposed as a non-pharmacological approach to reduce cognitive decline and increase well-being and quality of life in specific populations such as the elderly or patients with severe disease. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of receptive or active arts engagement on reducing cognitive decline and improving quality of life and well-being in healthy populations, with a particular focus on the role of arts engagement in the long term. A comprehensive search strategy was conducted across four databases from February to March 2023. Ten studies with a total of 7,874 participants were incorporated in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Active and receptive arts engagement was found to be an effective approach to reduce cognitive decline and improve well-being and quality of life in healthy populations. The role of the positive effects of arts engagement could be determined by the combination of several factors such as exposure to cultural activities and the group effect. There is limited evidence of the protective effects of active arts engagement over a long period of time. Given the increasing demand for preventive programmes to reduce the negative effects of population ageing, more research on arts engagement should be conducted to identify its mechanisms and long-term effects.
Case report: A novel frameshift mutation in BRSK2 causes autism in a 16-year old Chinese boy
Authors: Hu Yu , Li Miao , Shen Yanmei , Wang Tianyun , Liu Qiwei , Lu Zhonghua , Wang Hong , Luo Xuerong , Yang Lixin
Published: August 2023

Serine/threonine protein kinases are involved in axon formation and neuronal polarization and have recently been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Here, we focus on BRSK2, which encodes brain-specific serine/threonine protein kinase 2. Although previous studies have reported 19 unrelated patients with BRSK2 pathogenic variation, only 15 of 19 patients have detailed clinical data. Therefore, more case reports are needed to enrich the phenotype associated with BRSK2 mutations. In this study, we report a novel de novo frameshift variant (c.442del, p.L148Cfs*39) identified by exome sequencing in a 16 year-old Chinese boy with ASD. The proband presented with attention-deficit, auditory hallucinations, limb tremor, and abnormal brain electrical activity mapping. This study expands the phenotypic spectrum of BRSK2-related cases and reveals the highly variable severity of disorders associated with BRSK2.
Changes of the acute myocardial infarction-related resident deaths in a transitioning region: a real-world study involving 3.17 million people
Authors: Zhao Yajun , Zou Jian , Chen Yichen , Zhou Jing , Dai Wei , Peng Minghui , Li Xiaopan , Jiang Sunfang
Published: August 2023

Background

The impact of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on the life span of residents in a transitioning region has not been studied in depth. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the changes in AMI-related resident deaths in a transitioning region in China.

Methods

A longitudinal, population-based study was performed to analyze the deaths with/of AMI in Pudong New Area (PNA), Shanghai from 2005 to 2021. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) of AMI in crude mortality rates (CMR), age-standardized mortality rates worldwide (ASMRW), and rates of years of life lost (YLLr) were calculated by the joinpoint regression. The impact of demographic and non-demographic factors on the mortality of residents who died with/of AMI was quantitatively analyzed by the decomposition method.

Results

In 7,353 residents who died with AMI, 91.74% (6,746) of them were died of AMI from 2005 to 2021. In this period, the CMR and ASMRW of residents died with/of AMI were 15.23/105 and 5.17/105 person-years, the AAPC of CMR was 0.01% (95% CI: −0.71,0.72, p = 0.989) and 0.06% (95% CI: −0.71,0.84, p = 0.868), and the ASMRW decreased by 2.83% (95% CI: −3.66,−2.00, p < 0.001) and 2.76% (95% CI: −3.56,-1.95, p < 0.001), respectively. The CMR of people died of AMI showed a downward trend (all p < 0.05) in people ≥60 years but an upward trend [AAPC = 2.47% (95% CI: 0.07,4.94, p = 0.045)] in people of 45–59 years. The change in CMR of people died with/of AMI caused by demographic factors was 28.70% (95% CI: 12.99,46.60, p = 0.001) and 28.07% (95% CI: 12.71,45.52, p = 0.001) per year, respectively.

Conclusion

Preventative strategies for AMI should be applied to enhance the health management of residents aged 45–59 years or with comorbidities in the transitioning region.
Does the disclosure of medical insurance information affect patients’ willingness to adopt the diagnosis related groups system
Authors: Shi Zhenni , Zhang Qilin , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Medical insurance information disclosure is not only a direct way for the public to understand and master social insurance information and resource use benefits, but also an important way for the public to participate in medical service governance and supervision. Some studies have shown that information disclosure can significantly reduce the risk perception of user groups, strengthen their trust and reduce the negative impact of information asymmetry.

Methods

Based on risk perception and trust perception theories, this paper focuses on the mechanisms influencing patients’ attitudes in the process of implementing a Diagnosis Related Groups payment system. Using medical insurance information disclosure from a governance perspective as the research object, the impact of medical insurance information disclosure on patients’ willingness to adopt the Diagnosis Related Groups payment system was analyzed by means of a questionnaire survey, Data analysis and hypothesis testing via SPSS while the mechanism of the impact of medical insurance information disclosure on patients’ attitudes was explored in depth.

Results

It was found that medical insurance information disclosure had a significant positive effect on patients’ trust perceptions and a significant negative effect on patients’ risk perceptions. The more comprehensive information patients received, the stronger their trust and the lower their perceived risk.

Discussion

This paper conducts an empirical study from patients’ perspective, broadens the scope of research on medical insurance Diagnosis related groups, enriches the application of risk perception and trust perception theories in the medical field, and provides management suggestions for medical institutions in the management of medical insurance information disclosure.
Associations between blood essential metal mixture and serum uric acid: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Li Yue , Duan Hualin , Zhang Shuting , Liu Lingling , He Yajun , Chen Xingying , Jiang Yuqi , Ma Qintao , Yu Genfeng , Liu Siyang , Yao Nanfang , Liang Yongqian , Lin Xu , Liu Lan , Wan Heng , Shen Jie
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Although several studies have explored the associations between single essential metals and serum uric acid (SUA), the study about the essential metal mixture and the interactions of metals for hyperuricemia remains unclear.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study to explore the association of the SUA levels with the blood essential metal mixture, including magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) in Chinese community-dwelling adults (n=1039). The multivariable linear regression, the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were conducted to estimate the associations of blood essential metals with SUA levels and the BKMR model was also conducted to estimate the interactions of the essential metals on SUA.

Results

In the multivariable linear regression, the association of blood Mg, Mn, and Cu with SUA was statistically significant, both in considering multiple metals and a single metal. In WQS regression [β=13.59 (95%CI: 5.57, 21.60)] and BKMR models, a positive association was found between the mixture of essential metals in blood and SUA. Specifically, blood Mg and Cu showed a positive association with SUA, while blood Mn showed a negative association. Additionally, no interactions between individual metals on SUA were observed.

Discussion

In conclusion, further attention should be paid to the relationship between the mixture of essential metals in blood and SUA. However, more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Psychometric properties of a Creole version of Medical Outcome Study – Short Form 36 among type II diabetes patients on Reunion Island
Authors: Soulaimana Ibtissame , Bruneau Léa , Tisseaux Antoine , Safieddine Maissa , Debussche Xavier , Lafarge Sophie , Falissard Bruno , Ferdynus Cyril , Huiart Laetitia
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Health quality of life assessment is particularly important to measure the impact of chronic diseases. The aims of this study were to provide a cross-culturally adapted Creole-translation of the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) and to assess psychometric performance of the Creole and French versions of the SF-36 among patients with type II diabetes in Reunion Island.

Materials and methods

The Creole translation and cross-cultural adaptation processes were based on the International Quality Of Life Assessment (IQOLA) methods. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity using Multi-Trait-Multi-Method analysis and structural validity using exploratory factor analysis of the SF-36 for both versions were performed.

Results

In the Creole version of the SF-36, Cronbach’s alpha exceeded 0.70 for all subscales except general health. In the French SF-36, Cronbach’s alpha exceeded 0.70 on all subscales except general health and bodily pain. In the Creole SF-36, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for reproducibility was suboptimal. Multi-trait multi-method analysis showed that item-scale correlation exceeded 0.4 for all items except two general health items of the Creole SF-36 and one of the French SF-36. Factor analysis of 2 versions showed that the physical functioning, vitality, and mental health were each divided into two subscales.

Discussion

Overall, our findings provided evidence that the SF-36 is adapted to Reunion Island in both Creole and French versions. However, further research could be conducted to investigate French–Creole differences in perceived health status and a cultural adaptation of the French version will be considered.
Association between serum globulin and cognitive impairment in older American adults
Authors: Huang Jian , Li Rong , Zhu Hao , Huang Dong , Li Weiwang , Wang Jing , Liu Zhirong
Published: August 2023

Background and aims

Cognitive impairment is on the rise around the world, with profound economic and social consequences. Serum globulin, a marker of liver function, may also play a role in cognitive function. Unfortunately, no consistent conclusion exists regarding the association between serum globulin and cognitive function.

Methods

Data from the 2011 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to assess the association between serum globulin and cognitive impairment. Cognitive function was assessed by three tests: Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD), Animal Fluency (AF), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Furthermore, the breakthrough point of cognitive impairment correlated with CERAD < 5, AF < 14, and DSST < 34. A weighted multiple logistics regression model was used to verify the association between serum globulin and cognitive impairment. Generalized additive models (GAMs) and a smooth curve fit (penalty spline method) were used to determine a non-linear relationship between serum globulin and cognitive impairment. Finally, subgroup analysis and interaction tests were conducted to further verify the association between serum globulin and cognitive impairment.

Results

Data from 2,768 participants aged ≥60 (in accordance with the study design) were collected for the final analysis. Data suggested that serum globulin levels were associated with an elevated cognitive impairment based on the AF [full adjustment, OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.08] and DSST [full adjustment, OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02–1.10] tests. Eventually, the GAM and smooth curve fit model was conducted to confirm that the association between serum globulin and cognitive impairment was non-linear. Moreover, the inflection point was 27 g/L serum globulin based on the CERAD test and 35 g/L serum globulin based on the AF test. Finally, the interaction term between serum globulin and cognitive impairment based on the AF test indicated no significant interactions among all variables (all p for interaction >0.05).

Conclusion

The association between serum globulin levels and cognitive impairment is non-linear. A threshold effect exists between serum globulin and cognitive impairment. Large-scale prospective clinical trials are needed to validate our findings.
Short-term association of CO and NO2 with hospital visits for glomerulonephritis in Hefei, China: a time series study
Authors: Chen Haifeng , Duan Qiong , Zhu Huahui , Wan Shuai , Zhao Xinyi , Ye Dongqing , Fang Xinyu
Published: August 2023

Objective

Recent studies suggest air pollution as an underlying factor to kidney disease. However, there is still limited knowledge about the short-term correlation between glomerulonephritis (GN) and air pollution. Thus, we aim to fill this research gap by investigating the short-term correlation between GN clinical visits and air pollution exposure.

Methods

Between 2015 and 2019, daily GN visit data from two grade A tertiary hospitals in Hefei City were collected, along with corresponding air pollution and meteorological data. A generalized linear model integrated with a distributed lag nonlinear model was employed to analyze the relationship between GN visits and air pollutants. Moreover, we incorporated a dual pollutant model to account for the combined effects of multiple pollutants. Furthermore, subgroup analyses were performed to identify vulnerable populations based on gender, age, and season.

Results

The association between 23,475 GN visits and air pollutants was assessed, and significant positive associations were found between CO and NO2 exposure and GN visit risk. The single-day lagged effect model for CO showed increased risks for GN visits from lag0 (RR: 1.129, 95% CI: 1.031–1.236) to lag2 (RR: 1.034, 95% CI: 1.011–1.022), with the highest risk at lag0. In contrast, NO2 displayed a more persistent impact (lag1–lag4) on GN visit risk, peaking at lag2 (RR: 1.017, 95% CI: 1.011–1.022). Within the dual-pollutant model, the significance persisted for both CO and NO2 after adjusting for each other. Subgroup analyses showed that the cumulative harm of CO was greater in the cold-season and older adult groups. Meanwhile, the female group was more vulnerable to the harmful effects of cumulative exposure to NO2.

Conclusion

Our study indicated that CO and NO2 exposure can raise the risk of GN visits, and female and older adult populations exhibited greater susceptibility.
Measures to support informal care for the older adults in Kazakhstan: a review of the current status
Authors: Zhylkybekova Aliya , Turlayev Andrey , Grjibovski Andrej M. , Koshmaganbetova Gulbakit K.
Published: August 2023

The demand for informal caregivers to support the older adults has grown worldwide in recent decades. However, informal caregivers themselves require support. This article aims to examine existing support measures for caregivers of the older adults in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Relevant articles and grey literature were identified through manual searches on Google and Google Scholar, as well as electronic searches using indexed databases like PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Moreover, the reference lists of identified sources and government ministry websites were meticulously scrutinized. This review highlights the scarcity of research on caregiver support measures in Kazakhstan, supported by the lack of peer-reviewed articles on this subject. A comprehensive analysis of the literature shows that in Kazakhstan’s legislative framework, “caregivers” exclusively refers to individuals providing care for a first-degree disability. The responsibility of caring for older adults parents lies with able-bodied children. However, there is a lack of registration and assessment procedures to evaluate the burden and quality of life of caregivers. As a result, the medical and social support provided to caregivers is standardized, failing to adequately address their unique needs and requirements. The analysis of current support measures for informal caregivers highlights the need to develop support mechanisms and recognize individuals providing informal care as key figures in the long-term care system.
Beyond genetics: can micro and nanoplastics induce epigenetic and gene-expression modifications?
Authors: Poma Anna M. G. , Morciano Patrizia , Aloisi Massimo
Published: August 2023

Plastic pollution is becoming a worldwide crisis. It can be found in all environmental matrices, from the seas to the oceans, from dry land to the air we breathe. Because of the various types of plastic polymers and waste degradation methods, the types of plastic particles we are exposed to are quite diverse. Plants and animals are continuously exposed to them, and as the top of the food chain, humans are as well. There are numerous studies that confirm the toxicity of these contaminants, yet there is still a significant vacuum in their epigenetics effects and gene expression modifications. Here we collect studies published to date on the epigenetics effects and gene expression modulation induced by micro and nanoplastics. Although published data are still scarce, it is becoming evident that micro- and nanoplastics, whether acutely or chronically administered, do indeed cause such changes in various model organisms. A future challenge is represented by continuing and deepening these studies to better define the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed toxic effects and above all to translate these results to humans to understand their impact on health.
A note on carbon taxes and trade spillovers within Europe
Authors: Chakraborty Saptorshee Kanto , D'Amato Alessio , Mazzanti Massimiliano
Published: August 2023

Carbon taxation is a highly debated environmental policy tool and can contribute to tackling climate change. Before the advent of the emission trading system in the European Union, forms of carbon taxation were present in some EU member states; furthermore, after the approval of the well-known EU Green Deal, carbon taxes can gain momentum in addressing emissions from sectors not involved in the EU Emissions Trading System. Due to this historical evolution of environmental policies over the last decades and in the presence of a system that assigns to EU member states, the governance of energy and fiscal issues, heterogeneous carbon/energy policy settings may determine the impact on growth and trade. This article provides food for thought for a policy through an empirical evaluation of the impact on the gross domestic product of trade spillovers related to carbon taxation in the European Union.
A rapid expansion of hospitals: the adaptation of multi-campus hospitals under the Chinese healthcare system
Authors: Zhu Xingchen , Yan Xianliang
Published: August 2023

In recent years, China’s healthcare system has undergone significant changes to meet the increasing demands of its growing population. One notable development is the rapid expansion of hospitals, particularly the adaptation of multi-campus hospitals. These multi-campus hospitals have become increasingly popular due to the many advantages that single-campus hospitals lack, including the ability to; improve medical service quality, reduce operating costs, and facilitate the development of healthcare services in rural areas. In this study, we discuss the advantages that this type of medical facility offers and identify existing and potential problems that could hinder the development of multi-campus hospitals. Additionally, we propose appropriate solutions to mitigate these problems. Overall, we propose that there should be more communication between multi-campus hospitals and other healthcare providers.
Intra-operative applications of augmented reality in glioma surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Ragnhildstveit Anya , Li Chao , Zimmerman Mackenzie H. , Mamalakis Michail , Curry Victoria N. , Holle Willis , Baig Noor , Uğuralp Ahmet K. , Alkhani Layth , Oğuz-Uğuralp Zeliha , Romero-Garcia Rafael , Suckling John
Published: August 2023

Background

Augmented reality (AR) is increasingly being explored in neurosurgical practice. By visualizing patient-specific, three-dimensional (3D) models in real time, surgeons can improve their spatial understanding of complex anatomy and pathology, thereby optimizing intra-operative navigation, localization, and resection. Here, we aimed to capture applications of AR in glioma surgery, their current status and future potential.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted. This adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus electronic databases were queried from inception to October 10, 2022. Leveraging the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) framework, study eligibility was evaluated in the qualitative synthesis. Data regarding AR workflow, surgical application, and associated outcomes were then extracted. The quality of evidence was additionally examined, using hierarchical classes of evidence in neurosurgery.

Results

The search returned 77 articles. Forty were subject to title and abstract screening, while 25 proceeded to full text screening. Of these, 22 articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. During abstraction, studies were classified as “development” or “intervention” based on primary aims. Overall, AR was qualitatively advantageous, due to enhanced visualization of gliomas and critical structures, frequently aiding in maximal safe resection. Non-rigid applications were also useful in disclosing and compensating for intra-operative brain shift. Irrespective, there was high variance in registration methods and measurements, which considerably impacted projection accuracy. Most studies were of low-level evidence, yielding heterogeneous results.

Conclusions

AR has increasing potential for glioma surgery, with capacity to positively influence the onco-functional balance. However, technical and design limitations are readily apparent. The field must consider the importance of consistency and replicability, as well as the level of evidence, to effectively converge on standard approaches that maximize patient benefit.
A questionnaire-based investigation of the swimming puppy syndrome: 115 dogs
Authors: Rumpel Lea , Kölle Petra , Mille Monika A. , Lauer Susanne K. , Zablotski Yury , Fischer Andrea
Published: August 2023

Swimming Puppy Syndrome (SPS) is a benign reversible condition of unknown etiology in multiple dog breeds. Affected dogs show laterally abducted limbs and are unable to stand and walk on their own. The current knowledge of this condition derives from few case reports or small case series. Therefore, the aim of this study was to collect data on the clinical course from a large cohort of dogs with SPS with an online questionnaire supported by video footage. Potential risk factors were compared between 110 litters with SPS and 103 unaffected litters. SPS was reported in 115 dogs from 48 different breeds comprising a wide range of small, middle, and large breeds. Litters with SPS were significantly smaller than unaffected litters. Cesarean sections were reported more frequently in affected litters, but the overall rate of reported birth complications did not differ significantly from unaffected litters. Most puppies were able to stand and walk at a median age of 4.5 weeks (up to 12 weeks) and clinical signs resolved at a median age of six weeks (up to 12 weeks). Puppies from large breeds showed faster recovery than puppies from medium and small breeds. Occasionally, residual deficits were reported and only three dogs failed to recover. A clustering of SPS occurred in closely related litters in four kennels of four different dog breeds (Greater Swiss Mountain Dog, Golden Retriever, Miniature Bull Terrier, Norwich Terrier). The study shows the benign clinical course of SPS in a large cohort of puppies from multiple dog breeds. Potential risk factors including reports on birth complications, size and muscle mass compared to littermates and diet of the dam during pregnany were evaluated and no influence on the occurrence of SPS was identified.
Case report: Investigation of genetic mutations in a case of schistosomus reflexus in a Holstein dairy cattle fetus in Korea
Authors: Park Woncheoul , Chai Han-Ha , Lim Dajeong , Dang Changgwon , Lee Jaegu , Kim Jongho , Jeong Hogyun , Lee Taekwon , Lee Ki-Chang , Lee Kyunghyun
Published: August 2023

Schistosomus reflexus (SR) is one of the most common congenital anomalies found in cases of cattle dystocia; this disorder occurs mostly in cattle. Congenital anomalies such as SR are caused by various genetic and environmental factors, but no specific cause has been elucidated for SR. This study reports a case of SR in a Holstein dairy cattle fetus with congenital anomalies in Korea. Grossly, a distinct spine curvature was observed between the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, accompanied by a consequential malformation from the sacrum to the occipital bone. Furthermore, the thoracic and abdominal organs were exposed. In computed tomography (CT) images, mild and severe kyphoscoliosis was observed in T1~11 and L1~6, respectively. Additionally, vertebral dysplasia was observed in S1~5 and Cd 1~5. To pinpoint the causal genes and mutations, we leveraged a custom 50K Hanwoo SNP-Chip and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals (OMIA) database. As a result, we identified a nonsense mutation in apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (APAF1) within HH1 that was associated with a decrease in conception rate and an increase in abortion in Holstein dairy cattle. The genotype of the SR case was A/A, and most of the 1,142 normal Holstein dairy cattle tested as a control group had the genotype G/G. In addition, the A/A genotype did not exist in the control group. Based on the pathological, genetic, and radiological findings, the congenital abnormalities observed were diagnosed as SR.
A Comparative Study of Swarm Intelligence Metaheuristics in UKF-Based Neural Training Applied to the Identification and Control of Robotic Manipulator
Authors: Guerra Juan F. , Garcia-Hernandez Ramon , Llama Miguel A. , Santibañez Victor
Published: August 2023

This work presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of four prominent swarm intelligence (SI) optimization algorithms: Ant Lion Optimizer (ALO), Bat Algorithm (BA), Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO), and Moth Flame Optimization (MFO). When compared under the same conditions with other SI algorithms, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) stands out. First, the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) parameters to be optimized are selected, and then each SI optimization algorithm is executed within an off-line simulation. Once the UKF initialization parameters P0, Q0, and R0 are obtained, they are applied in real-time in the decentralized neural block control (DNBC) scheme for the trajectory tracking task of a 2-DOF robot manipulator. Finally, the results are compared according to the criteria performance evaluation using each algorithm, along with CPU cost.
Observer-Based Active Control Strategy for Networked Switched Systems against Two-Channel Asynchronous DoS Attacks
Authors: Yin Jiayuan , Lu Anyang
Published: August 2023

This paper addresses the security issue of networked switched systems under two-channel asynchronous denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, where the measurement channel and the control channel are subject to DoS attacks independently. For the case of partial-state measurements, an observer-based active control strategy is proposed to mitigate the negative impact on the control performance and stability of the system caused by the attacks. In this strategy, a novel mode-dependent finite-time observer is designed to estimate the system state rapidly and accurately, the predictor and the buffer are designed to ensure that the control signals transmitted to the actuator can be updated even when the control channel is blocked. Compared to the earlier results on the active control strategy that only consider the case of full-state measurements and assume that the DoS signals followed specific patterns, our work only limits the frequency and duration of the DoS signals, which is more general and challenging. Furthermore, the switching signal is designed to ensure the input-to-state stability (ISS) of the networked switched system with the active control strategy under two-channel asynchronous DoS attacks and asynchronous switching behaviors. Finally, the effectiveness and the merits of our work are validated through an example and a comparative experiment.
Digital Communication and the Crisis Management in Hotel Management: A Perspective in the Euroregion North of Portugal and Galicia (ERNPG)
Authors: Cardoso Diana , Sousa Bruno , Liberato Dália , Liberato Pedro , Lopes Eunice , Gonçalves Francisco , Figueira Victor
Published: August 2023

The current unprecedented globalization of the social economy, with worldwide mobility of people, products and services in an increasingly connected market and society, has promoted the rapid geographic spread of the coronavirus (i.e., crisis management) outbreak, negatively affecting tourists’ behavior and their well-being, whether due to restrictions imposed by governments on international travel, or due to tourists’ fear of catching the disease. This manuscript aims to understand how digital communication has helped the tourism industry in general and the hotel context in particular to face the negative consequences caused by the new coronavirus pandemic. The development of the research followed a qualitative methodological approach, constituting an exploratory study, based on four semi-structured interviews with managers of hotel establishments, located in the Northern Region of Portugal and Galicia. As main conclusions, it is possible to highlight that digital communication and the use of social networks were fundamental tools for hotel establishments during the pandemic caused by COVID-19, especially during the confinement period, when establishments had to close, many of them completely. There were many changes brought about in the tourism industry in the Euroregion of Northern Portugal and Galicia (ERNPG), with an increase in domestic tourism, a decrease in the external market and a change in tourist profile and behavior, whether due to sanitary and public health issues that induced fear of travel, or by the measures imposed by the government that prevented such trips. According to the strategies implemented by the hotel establishments, the intensification of digital communication use and social networks stands out, since, for a long time, it consisted of the only connecting tool between the hotel and its customers and the initiatives of the Regional Entities and Turismo de Portugal (regional and national DMOs), through numerous training courses in the area of digital marketing and the implementation of hygiene, sustainable and safety measures in hotel establishments. Regarding the future of tourism, it is expected that it will recover in the coming years and approach the historical values of previous years, given the advance in vaccination against the disease and the tourist’s desire to travel. In the short term, strategies are expected from hotel establishments that include valuing the destination on digital marketing platforms through attracting qualified human resources and a commitment towards tourism sustainability.
Study on the Forced Torsional Vibration Response of Multiple Rotating Blades with Underplatform Dampers
Authors: Wu Yanan , Xuan Haijun , Wu Changyao , Mi Dong , Qu Mingmin , Jin Tao
Published: August 2023

Underplatform dampers (UPDs), a type of dry friction damper, are commonly used for vibration reduction of turbine blades. This study investigated the effect of UPDs on the forced torsional vibration response of turbine blades within a multi-blade system. Pre-stressed finite element modal analysis and the harmonic balance method were combined to calculate the forced torsional vibration responses of a system with and without UPDs. The experiments were then carried out on a rotating multi-blade system with and without UPDs, with a focus on the effect of mass stacking on damping performance. The results showed that the installation of underplatform dampers could increase the frequency corresponding to the maximum response of the blade torsional vibration and cause multiple peaks that varied in the vibration response based on the mass of the UPDs. With an appropriate normal force, the underplatform dampers could effectively reduce the blade torsional vibration by 68.9%. However, excessive normal force of UPDs could lead to multiple large vibration peaks, which should be avoided in engineering practice. Additionally, the numerical results for the forced torsional vibration response of the rotating multi-blade system with UPDs were relatively close to the experimental results, indicating that the calculation method could be effectively applied to the nonlinear prediction of forced vibrations of rotating blades with dampers.
Testing of the N2O/HDPE Vortex Flow Pancake Hybrid Rocket Engine with Augmented Spark Igniter
Authors: Palacz Tomasz , Cieślik Jacek
Published: August 2023

The paper is part of the research aimed at determining if the vortex flow pancake (VFP) hybrid rocket engine is feasible as green in-space chemical propulsion. The objective of this study is to test an N2O/HDPE VFP hybrid ignited with N2O/C3H8 torch igniter. The N2O is used in self-pressurizing mode, which results in two-phase flow and varying inlet conditions, thus better simulating real in-space behavior. The study begins with characterizing the torch igniter, followed by hot-fire ignition tests of the VFP. The results allow for the improved design of the torch igniter and VFP hybrid. The axial regression rate ballistic coefficients are reported for the N2O/HDPE propellants in the VFP configuration.
A Dynamic Cross-Collaborative Interception Algorithm Based on GTSMC and Virtual Geometry
Authors: Niu Kang , Bai Xu , Chen Xi , Yu Jianqiao , Liu Haiying
Published: August 2023

In the model (m:n), to improve the autonomous collaborative interception capability for air vehicle, a new autonomous cross-collaborative interception algorithm based on GTSMC (Global Terminal Sliding Mode Control) and real-time virtual geometry is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the conception of an autonomous cross-collaboration is defined and the multi-air vehicle for the multi- object interception problem is formulated. Then, this paper presents the dynamic situation assessment function, which considers the real-time flight status and cooperative status of the air vehicle during the interception of the object. At the same time, this paper states the condition of whether the air vehicle is in a cooperative state and proves it. After completing the dynamic situation assessment, and considering the dynamic of the air vehicles, a new controller is designed by using GTSMC and the idea of backstepping method. Simultaneously, this paper gives a stability analysis of the closed-loop system by using Lyapunov theory. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, several simulation cases which consider different interception scenarios are given. The simulation results show that the new collaborative interception algorithm can provide better autonomous cross-collaborative interception capability and higher accuracy.
Experimental Study on Sucrose Losses of Sugarcane by 2450 MHz Microwave Technology
Authors: Li Lingfeng , Ma Shaochun
Published: August 2023

Sugarcane is one of the essential raw materials for sugar production worldwide. From a present perspective, extending the storage time of sugarcane after harvest is a crucial step toward increasing sugar production. Particularly, sugarcane harvested by sugarcane harvesters is more susceptible to biological damage due to the increased number of wounds created during harvesting. Once harvested, the most effective way to reduce bio-injury is to deliver sugarcane to the factory as soon as possible. In recent years, microwave radiation has been increasingly used in food products to reduce biological contamination. The present study examines the effect of microwave irradiation on the sucrose loss that occurs in post-harvest sugarcane. A microwave was employed for different time intervals, particularly from 5 to 9 s at a 2450 MHz frequency and 5100 W power. The results reveal that microwave radiation can effectively kill microorganisms in sugarcane wounds in a very short time. With a microwave irradiation time of 6 s, a microbial disinfection efficiency of 91.2% was achieved. The maximum temperature in the billets at that time was only 35.1 °C. Microwave radiation reduced the sucrose loss rate due to a significant decrease in the number of microflora during the 48 h period. As a result, the storage time of harvested sugarcane was prolonged, leading to improved economic benefits in sugar extraction.
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz as a Promising Cover Crop Species with Allelopathic Potential
Authors: Ghidoli Martina , Pesenti Michele , Colombo Federico , Nocito Fabio Francesco , Pilu Roberto , Araniti Fabrizio
Published: August 2023

The ability of plants to release chemicals that affect the growth of other plants offers potential benefits for weed management and sustainable agriculture. This review explores the use of Camelina sativa as a promising cover crop with weed control potential. Camelina sativa, known for its high oil content and adaptability to diverse climatic conditions, exhibits allelopathic potential by releasing chemical compounds that inhibit weed growth. The crop’s vigorous growth and canopy architecture contribute to effective weed suppression, reducing the prevalence and spread of associated pathogens. Furthermore, the chemical compounds released by camelina through the solubilization of compounds from leaves by rain, root exudation, or deriving from microbial-mediated decay of camelina’s tissues interfere with the growth of neighbouring plants, indicating allelopathic interactions. The isolation and identification of benzylamine and glucosinolates as allelochemicals in camelina highlight their role in plant–plant interactions. However, the studies carried out on this species are outdated, and it cannot be excluded that other chemicals deriving from the breakdown of the glucosinolates or belonging to other classes of specialized metabolites can be involved in its allelopathic potential. Camelina sativa also demonstrates disease suppression capabilities, with glucosinolates exhibiting fungicidal, nematocidal, and bactericidal activities. Additionally, camelina cover crops have been found to reduce root diseases and enhance growth and yields in corn and soybeans. This review sheds light on the allelopathic and agronomic benefits of Camelina sativa, emphasizing its potential as a sustainable and integrated pest management strategy in agriculture.
Surgical Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Cats
Authors: Angelou Vasileia , Fiska Aliki , Tsingotjidou Anastasia , Patsikas Michael , Papazoglou Lysimachos G.
Published: August 2023

In cats, the gastrointestinal tract is one of the regions in which surgical procedures are most frequently performed by veterinary surgeons; therefore, knowledge of the surgical anatomy of the feline gastrointestinal tract is of high importance. The main surgical procedures performed include gastrotomy, gastrectomy, enterotomy, and enterectomy, as well as procedures in the liver and pancreas. There are also anatomical differences between dogs and cats, increasing the need for deep knowledge of the anatomy treated in the different surgical approaches. The aim of the present review is to describe in detail the anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract in cats highlighting the anatomical regions of significant importance in different surgical procedures.
Chromium Methionine and Ractopamine Supplementation in Summer Diets for Grower–Finisher Pigs Reared under Heat Stress
Authors: Sánchez-Villalba Esther , Corral-March Eileen Aglahe , Valenzuela-Melendres Martín , Zamorano-García Libertad , Celaya-Michel Hernán , Ochoa-Meza Andrés , González-Ríos Humberto , Barrera-Silva Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to determine the effects of the dietary supplementation of chromium methionine (CrMet) and ractopamine (RAC) on pigs in the growing–finishing stage under heat stress. The parameters evaluated included productive behavior, blood components, carcass characteristics, organ weight, and meat quality. This study was conducted during the summer season in Sonora, Mexico. The treatments included: (1) control diet (CON), a base diet (BD) formulated to satisfy the nutritional requirements of pigs; (2) RAC, BD plus 10 ppm RAC supplemented during the last 34 days of the study; (3) CrMet-S, BD supplemented with 0.8 ppm of Cr from CrMet during the last 34 days; and (4) CrMet-L, BD supplemented with 0.8 ppm of Cr from CrMet for an 81 d period. RAC supplementation improved the productive behavior and main carcass characteristics of the pigs compared with CON. However, RAC and CrMet supplementation during the last 34 days showed similar results in terms of weight gain, carcass quality, blood components, organ weight, and meat quality. The addition of CrMet-S had a moderate (although not significant) increase in productive performance and carcass weight. These findings are encouraging, as they suggest that CrMet may be a potential alternative for growth promotion. However, more research is needed.
Microsporidia in Commercially Harvested Marine Fish: A Potential Health Risk for Consumers
Authors: Moratal Samantha , Magnet Angela , Izquierdo Fernando , del Águila Carmen , López-Ramon Jordi , Dea-Ayuela María Auxiliadora
Published: August 2023

Microsporidia are widely spread obligate intracellular fungal pathogens from vertebrate and invertebrate organisms, mainly transmitted by contaminated food and water. This study aims to detect the presence of major human-pathogenic microsporidia, i.e., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Encephalitozoon cuniculi, in the gastrointestinal tract of commercially harvested marine fish from Mediterranean coast of the Comunidad Valenciana, Eastern Spain. A total of 251 fish, 138 farmed fish and 113 wild fish from commercial fishing were tested by SYBR Green real-time PCR, enabling the simultaneous detection of the four targeted species. E. intestinalis/hellem was found in 1.45% of farmed fish and 7.96% of wild fish, while Enterocytozoonidae was detected in 2.90% and 18.58% of farmed and wild fish, respectively. E. cuniculi was not detected in any of the analyzed specimens. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of E. intestinalis/hellem in fish, particularly in marine fish. Although the role of fish in these species’ epidemiology remains unknown, this finding points out a potential public health risk linked to fish consumption. Further studies are necessary to characterize these microsporidia in fish hosts better and to elucidate their epidemiological role.