bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic analysis and ℋ2 optimisation of a piezo-based tuned vibration absorber
Authors: Zhao Guoying , Alujević Neven , Depraetere Bruno , Sas Paul
Published: August 2014

In this article, a piezo-based tuned vibration absorber is proposed and theoretically analysed. The proposed device consists of a proof mass, a piezoelectric actuator and a resilient element (spring). An equivalent mechanical model where the piezoelectric element is connected to a general circuit composed of a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor in series ( RLC) is presented to illustrate the coupling of the electrical components with the mechanical systems. Based on the mechanical replacement model, a C or L circuit can be used to realise a piezo-based tuned vibration neutraliser, while with an RC or RL circuit the piezo-based tuned vibration absorber can be considered as a piezo-based tuned mass damper. For the C and L circuits, tuning strategies are derived to adjust the shunt capacitance and inductance to track the disturbance frequency. In the case of RC and RL shunt circuits, an ℋ2 optimisation criterion is used for tuning the piezo-based tuned mass damper. Closed-form expressions for the optimal tuning parameters are provided in this article.
A Road Map for Empowering Undergraduates to Practice Service Leadership Through Service-Learning in Teams
Authors: Snell Robin Stanley , Chan Maureen Yin Lee , Ma Carol Hok Ka , Chan Carman Ka Man
Published: August 2014

We present a road map for providing course-embedded service-learning team projects as opportunities for undergraduates to practice as service leaders in Asia and beyond. Basic foundations are that projects address authentic problems or needs, partner organization representatives (PORs) indicate availability for ongoing consultation, students receive a complete orientation to service leadership, and project themes align with course curricula. Infrastructure and support involves a bridge of interinstitutional commitment and trust, initial site visits, in-class project consultations, helping teams to form and to elect conveners, providing service leadership reporting templates, and requiring project reports as graded coursework assignments. Potential road blocks include diversion from genuine service needs, POR/data unavailability, free riders, and failure to connect the project to course content. A bridge of student commitment leads to four other ingredients for successful project experiences: a sense of progress toward making a difference, constructive student-POR learning relationships, distributed leadership and initiative-taking, and applying course material to gain insight, guide actions, and frame recommendations. Besides attaining course-level goals, desired outcomes are that students and PORs perceive that the project has delivered good service, and that students can explain their practices and development as service leaders. We present three qualitative case illustrations.
Comparison of Nonlocking Plates and Locking Plates for Intraarticular Calcaneal Fracture
Authors: Chen Kangwu , Zhang Hongtao , Wang Genlin , Cheng Yu , Qian Zhonglai , Yang Huilin
Published: August 2014

Background:

The optimal treatment of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures remains challenging. Currently, there is no uniform method to treat such fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiographic and clinical outcome of nonlocking plates and locking plates in the treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures.

Methods:

A retrospective comparative study was performed including 42 patients with intraarticular calcaneal fractures that were treated by nonlocking plate (n = 18) or locking plates (n = 24) between January 2010 and June 2012. Radiological and functional outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:

At the final follow-up, all fractures were healed, and the patients with a locking plate had a significantly better Bohler’s angle and Gissane’s angle compared with the nonlocking plate group ( P < .05). No complications occurred for the patients in the locking plate group, and 3 patients in the nonlocking plate group had implant loosening that led to loss of reduction ( P < .05). The average American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot score in the locking plate group was significantly higher than that in the nonlocking plate group ( P < .05). No statistically significant difference between the 2 groups was found regarding SF-36 ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

This study supports the view that locking plates may provide better stability and functional recovery in the treatment of intraarticular calcaneal fractures.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, comparative case series.
Extending Johnson’s Intimate Partner Violence Typology
Authors: Messinger Adam M. , Fry Deborah A. , Rickert Vaughn I. , Catallozzi Marina , Davidson Leslie L.
Published: August 2014

Johnson’s intimate partner violence (IPV) typology—categorizing IPV by both use and receipt of physical violence and controlling behaviors—effectively predicts IPV consequences among adults. His typology has not yet been applied to adolescents, an important population for early IPV intervention. Therefore, in analyzing IPV covariates among 493 female urban high school students, we used as key predictors both Johnson’s original typology and, for enhanced clarity, a relationship-level extension. Preliminary evidence suggests that the pattern of adolescent IPV differs substantially from that of adult IPV and that a relationship-level typology provided additional clarity in categorizing this pattern.
Ending Transportation Neglect in America
Authors: Stich Bethany , Griffith Kyle
Published: August 2014

America is a consumption addicted commuter nation, but our once beloved transportation infrastructure is suffering from years of neglect jeopardizing this way of life. Public administration seems to have all but abandoned the subject and, thus, transportation policies and the implementation of those policies are seriously flawed. This article explores the progression of transportation policy in the United States as it relates to our federal system of governance. The focus is on the nexus of control and how this control could be shifted locally due to freight planning requirements of the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act. It also discusses the expanded role in freight planning for localities and the private sector outlined in the Water Resources Reform and Development Act of 2014. It emphasizes the growing significance of public administrators in implementing complex, multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional policy and calls on them to embrace this expanded role.
Federal Active Transportation Policy in Transition
Authors: Fields Billy , Cradock Angie L.
Published: August 2014

Active transportation has become an increasingly important policy area over the past 40 years as communities around the country have sought to provide transportation options that improve community quality of life and minimize negative environmental impacts. Federal infrastructure investments supporting walking and bicycling have, however, been contentious. This article explores the underlying tensions created as active transportation has been included in the federal transportation planning process over the past 40 years. Specifically, the article tracks the succession of transportation bill funding levels and changes in policy actors during this period. Structural changes that provided dedicated funding and expanded public participation have been vital to helping to foster the burgeoning active transportation coalition and to increasing usage rates for active transportation around the country.
Women’s testimony and collective memory: Lessons from South Africa’s TRC and Rwanda’s gacaca courts
Authors: Ephgrave Nicole
Published: August 2014

This article uses a comparative approach to elucidate the ways in which women’s testimony operated in South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and in Rwanda’s gacaca courts, to draw out some important lessons for future mechanisms of transitional justice. The author argues that while restorative justice mechanisms allow more space for including women’s own experiences of human rights violation than conventional trials, they may pose greater danger for those who testify. A significant problem resulting from the narratives of both gacaca and the TRC is the way in which a ‘singular woman victim’ emerges that elides the complexity of women’s experiences in collective memory. It is feared that what has emerged from the official discourse of these two truth-seeking mechanisms is a one-dimensional female victim subject – in South Africa, she is of secondary importance, in Rwanda, she can only be Tutsi, and in both cases she is stripped of all agency, where rape becomes definitive of her experience.
‘Rescued’ subjects: The question of religiosity for non-heteronormative asylum seekers in the UK
Authors: Giametta Calogero
Published: August 2014

The article is based on extended ethnography with people who have claimed asylum in the UK on the grounds of their sexual orientation. This migrant group negotiates their sexual and gender identities across cultural constructions of gender liminality that do not match the repertoires of western sexual identifications. On the one hand I pose the question: How do religious non-heteronormative refugees situate themselves within broader discourses of progress, particularly when confronted with the legal framework? On the other hand I ask: What role do western temporal categories of progress and backwardness play when the migrant seeks to stake a claim to subject-status in the current UK social world?
Queer Muslim migrants in Belgium: A research note on same-sex sexualities and lived religion
Authors: Peumans Wim
Published: August 2014

Based on research on same-sex sexuality, religion and transnational migration in Belgium, this article looks at how the process of transnational migration intersects with the fashioning of the moral selves of queer Muslim migrants. Bringing together the concept of lived religion with an anthropological notion of moral selves, I argue for the importance of taking into account complexity and ambivalence in the understanding of moral subjectivities.
Heteronormativity, homophobia and ‘culture’ arguments in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Reygan Finn , Lynette Ashley
Published: August 2014

Despite a progressive Constitution and affirming legislation, sexual and gender minorities experience discrimination in South Africa. This reflects the ongoing impact of heteronormativity, ‘culture’ arguments and violence in suppressing non-normative sexual and gender identities. In the present study we conducted interviews with eight young, lesbian women and gay men in eThekwini municipality in KwaZulu-Natal province. Three major themes emerged: Language and constructions of gender and sexuality; Experiences of homophobia; and Challenging ‘culture’ arguments. Participants tended to replicate heteronormativity and traditional understandings of gender in their lives; they experienced homophobia and homophobic violence; and they challenged homophobic ‘culture’ arguments.
Embodying limb absence in the negotiation of sexual intimacy
Authors: Batty Richard , McGrath Laura , Reavey Paula
Published: August 2014

Some people with physical disabilities experience difficulties in forming and maintaining intimate and sexual relationships ( Taleporos and McCabe, 2001 ). Individuals with physical impairments may variously be seen as inferior, ‘not up to scratch’ and can be less valued than those thought to embody the cultural ideal of ‘normality’ ( Edwards and Imrie, 2003 ). The loss of an anatomical part such as an arm or a leg can therefore set up a complex series of perceptual, emotional and psychological responses that can limit or prevent individuals from fully experiencing the kinds of intimate relationships that many of their ‘non-disabled’ counterparts can more freely enjoy ( Oliver, 1990 ). Drawing on a series of semi-structured interviews and a group visual workshop with five men and two women with varying acquired and congenital limb absences, this study explores the variety of ways in which sexual relationships and intimacies are negotiated and managed. Certain participants reported a great deal of anxiety regarding their perceptions of sexual attractiveness, and experienced feelings of loss of desirability as a sexual partner. Others reported engaging in an ‘active management of visual information’ about the body, through methods of concealment and exposure. Compensatory strategies were also reported as a way to effectively maintain existing intimate relationships. Finally, hyper-masculine or hyper-feminine enactments of sexuality were described within a range of social and intimate contexts as a means to ‘normalise’ the disabled body. The findings of this study provide a richer and more contextualised understanding of the highly complex adjustment process faced by individuals with limb absence, who actively engage in sexual and intimate relationships.
‘Dirty work’ down under: A comment on Janice Irvine’s ‘Is sexuality research “dirty work”?’
Authors: Dowsett Gary W
Published: August 2014

This commentary considers the key arguments of Janice Irvine's article as they pertain to Australia's sexuality researchers. It also discusses other sexuality research outside the USA and suggests that sexuality research may be a particular problem for the USA but some of the same issues apply elsewhere.
Unveiling the American-Muslim press: News agendas, frames, and functions
Authors: Shahin Saif
Published: August 2014

The growing scholarly literature on Muslims and the media in the United States has paid little attention to the American-Muslim press. This study compares the coverage of two major American-Muslim publications, the bimonthly news magazine Islamic Horizons and the weekly tabloid Muslim Journal, at four key moments beginning with 9/11. Content analysis ( N = 576) indicates both publications are overwhelmingly US-centric, focusing on domestic political and community affairs rather than the so-called ‘Muslim world’. Aiding Muslim assimilation into American society emerges as the most important function of the American-Muslim press. However, Muslim Journal attends almost exclusively to black Muslims while Islamic Horizons emphasizes the coverage of immigrant Muslims from the Middle East and South Asia – reflecting and reproducing a historical schism within American-Muslim society. The study also reveals how minority media can reinforce power structures within the minority community and thus serve as a means of social control.
Australian Muslim leaders and normalisation discourses
Authors: Sohrabi Hadi , Farquharson Karen
Published: August 2014

Social integration is a contested concept that has been defined in various ways by different stakeholders. Drawing on research with Australian Muslim leaders, we argue that social integration can be usefully conceptualised as both a process of normalisation and the end product of this process. In this paper, we first discuss the identity aspect of social integration and then outline the discursive strategies the Muslim leaders utilise in their attempts to achieve the goal of being viewed as normal Australians. We illustrate how the leaders exercise agency in challenging dominant negative discourses, which assign to them a stigmatised position in Australia. The empirical evidence comes from 30 interviews conducted in Melbourne and Sydney in 2010 and 2011 with prominent Australian Muslim leaders.
Finding Culture Change in the Second Factor
Authors: Dressler William W. , Balieiro Mauro C. , dos Santos José Ernesto
Published: August 2014

This article reports the replication after 10 years of cultural consensus analyses in four cultural domains in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Additionally, two methods for evaluating residual agreement are applied to the data, and a new technique for evaluating how cultural knowledge is represented by residual agreement is introduced. We found that overall cultural consensus observed in 2001 was replicated in 2011 in four cultural domains. Significant residual agreement in all four cultural domains was observed using a technique for assessing the structure of the respondent-by-respondent agreement matrix. Analysis of loadings on the second factor from the cultural consensus analyses indicated that time period was associated with residual agreement in the domain of lifestyle, while other variables were associated with residual agreement in other domains. The variation in the configuration of elements in the cultural model of lifestyle within each time period, relative to the overall consensus, was examined using deviation scores. Implications of these results for the study of culture and the distribution and sharing of culture are discussed.
Confronting a Dramatic Situation
Authors: Dalla Paola Luca
Published: August 2014

Charcot osteoarthropathy is a serious complication of diabetic neuropathy. Its prevalence in the diabetic population varies in the literature in relation to certain variables, such as the method of assessment, clinical or instrumental; the population studied; and the scope of the selection. This article is intended as a review of the recent literature concerning Charcot osteoarthropathy in its evolution and complications characterized by the development of ulceration and subsequent bone infection. Diagnosis and treatment strategies—either medical or surgical—are discussed both for Charcot arthropathy and osteomyelitis.
Telmisartan induces apoptosis and regulates Bcl-2 in human renal cancer cells
Authors: de Araújo Júnior Raimundo Fernandes , Leitão Oliveira Ana Luiza CS , de Melo Silveira Raniere Fagundes , de Oliveira Rocha Hugo Alexandre , de França Cavalcanti Pedro , de Araújo Aurigena Antunes
Published: August 2014

It has been well-characterized that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) physiologically regulates systemic arterial pressure. However, RAS signaling has also been shown to increase cell proliferation during malignancy, and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are able to decrease pro-survival signaling by inhibiting anti-apoptotic molecules and suppressing caspase activity. In this study, the apoptotic effects of telmisartan, a type of ARB, was evaluated using a non-cancerous human renal cell line (HEK) and a human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line (786). Both types of cells were treated with telmisartan for 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h, and then were assayed for levels of apoptosis, caspase-3, and Bcl-2 using MTT assays, flow cytometry, and immunostaining studies. Analysis of variance was used to identify significant differences between these data ( P < 0.05). Following the treatment of 786 cells with 100 µM and 200 µM telmisartan, a marked inhibition of cell proliferation was observed. 50 µM cisplatin also caused high inhibition of these cells. Moreover, these inhibitions were both concentration- and time-dependent ( P < 0.05). Various apoptotic effects were also observed compared with control cells at the 24 h and 48 h timepoints assayed ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, positive caspase-3 staining and down-regulation of Bcl-2 were detected, consistent with induction of cell death. In contrast, treatment of HEK cells with telmisartan did not produce an apoptotic effect compared with control cells at the 24 h timepoint ( P > 0.05). Treatment with cisplatin promoted in HEK cells high index of apoptosis (P < 0.001). Taken together, these results suggest that telmisartan induces apoptosis via down-regulation of Bcl-2 and involvement of caspase-3 in human RCC cells.
miR-1, miR-133a/b, and miR-208a in human fetal hearts correlate to the apoptotic and proliferation markers
Authors: Boštjančič Emanuela , Jerše Maja , Glavač Damjan , Zidar Nina
Published: August 2014

The heart is the first organ to function in the developing embryo. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs involved in the translational regulation of gene expression, which is beside transcriptional regulation crucial for the morphologic development of muscle tissue. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that the expression of miR-1, miR-133a/b, and miR-208a correlates with gestational age as well as with an apoptotic and proliferative index in the developing human heart. Our study included normal heart tissue samples obtained at autopsy from 46 fetuses, 12 children, and 15 adults. Proliferation and apoptosis were measured by the immunohistochemical detection of Ki67 and cleaved-CK18. Expression of miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-208a was measured using real-time PCR. We found a similar level of expression of miR-133a/ b in fetal and children hearts that was different from the levels in healthy adults. We also found a correlation between a miR-208a expression to the gestational age of fetuses. We observed an inverse correlation between Ki67 expression and gestational age. Expression of Ki67 was positively correlated to the expression of miR-208a and miR-1, but inversely correlated to the expression of miR-133a/b. Expression of cleaved-CK18 was also inversely correlated to the expression of miR-133a/b. Our results showed a general decrease in the expression of miR-1 and an increase of miR-133a/b with increasing gestational age. We also found a general decrease in the expression of miR-208a, mimicking the expression of its host gene. Our results also suggest the involvement of miR-208a and miR-1 in the proliferation as well as anti-proliferative and anti-apoptotic roles of miR-133a/b.
Frequency domain reflectometry for remaining useful life estimation of instrumentation and control cables
Authors: Shumaker Brent D , McCarter Dan E , Hashemian Hashem M , O’Hagan Ryan D
Published: August 2014

As the existing fleets of nuclear power plants age, a greater emphasis has been placed on technologies to quantify the remaining useful life of safety-critical components and to ensure that these systems will operate as intended when called upon, especially in emergency situations. Some of the most important, yet often overlooked components, are the cables that provide the signal paths for instrumentation and control systems used to ensure safe and efficient operation of nuclear power plants. Instrumentation and control cable aging, in particular, is primarily concerned with degradation of the polymer material by thermal oxidation while exposed to heat, humidity, radiation, and other environmental stressors. Consequently, as the polymer becomes embrittled, it cracks and becomes susceptible to moisture intrusion that can cause shorts and shunts in the cable circuits. This article describes the development of two prognostic models to estimate the remaining useful life of nuclear power plant cables. The first model uses data compiled in an existing polymer aging database as background for introducing the remaining useful life model development methodology. The second model uses data generated from accelerated cable aging experiments performed by the authors and explores the use of in situ electrical measurements such as frequency domain reflectometry for predicting the remaining useful life of instrumentation and control cables typically found in nuclear power plants.
Metacognitive Attributes and Liberated Progress
Authors: Nosratinia Mania , Zaker Alireza
Published: August 2014

Owing to the cardinal and acknowledged importance of autonomy (AU) in learning, especially second-language learning, and influenced by the importance of inspecting its nature and the way it is associated with other psychological/cognitive/metacognitive factors, this research investigated the relationship among English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ AU, creativity (CR), and critical thinking (CT). The population for this study comprised of undergraduate EFL learners, between the ages of 19 and 40 ( Mage = 22 years), from which 182 male and female subjects were selected via random selection. These participants, who were receiving formal instruction mainly through English, filled out three questionnaires related to CR, CT, and AU. Pearson’s product–moment correlation coefficient was used to analyze the data obtained. The results indicated that there is a significant and positive relationship between EFL learners’ CR and AU, CR and CT, as well as their CT and AU. Considering AU as the predicted variable for this study, it was confirmed that CT makes the strongest unique contribution to explain AU. It is hoped that the results of this study will reveal the nature of AU more and will equip EFL teachers with a wider perspective on the characteristics of AU and the way CR and CT can predict and promote AU among EFL learners.
Involvement of the Chemokine CCL3 and the Purinoceptor P2×7 in the Spinal Cord in Paclitaxel-Induced Mechanical Allodynia
Authors: Ochi-Ishi Ryutaro , Nagata Kenichiro , Inoue Tomoyuki , Tozaki-Saitoh Hidetoshi , Tsuda Makoto , Inoue Kazuhide
Published: August 2014

Background:

Paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent widely used for the treatment of solid tumors. The major dose-limiting toxicity of paclitaxel is peripheral neuropathy. The mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy are still unclear, and there are no currently established effective treatments. Accumulating evidence in models of neuropathic pain in which peripheral nerves are lesioned has implicated spinal microglia and chemokines in pain hypersensitivity, but little is know about their roles in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. In the present study, we investigated the role of CC-chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) in the spinal cord in the development and maintenance of mechanical allodynia using a rat model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy.

Findings:

Repeated intravenous administration of paclitaxel induced a marked decrease in paw withdrawal threshold in response to mechanical stimulation (mechanical allodynia). In these rats, the number of microglia in the spinal dorsal horn (SDH) was significantly increased. Paclitaxel-treated rats showed a significant increase in the expression of mRNAs for CCL3 and its receptor CCR5 in the SDH. Intrathecal administration of a CCL3-neutralizing antibody not only attenuated the development of paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia but also reversed its maintenance. Paclitaxel also upregulated expression of purinoceptor P2×7 receptors (P2×7Rs), which have been implicated in the release of CCL3 from microglia, in the SDH. The selective P2×7R antagonist A438079 had preventive and reversal effects on paclitaxel-induced allodynia.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest a contribution of CCL3 and P2×7Rs in the SDH to paclitaxel-induced allodynia and may provide new therapeutic targets for paclitaxel-induced painful neuropathy.
Detailed structure of the upper mantle discontinuities around the Japan subduction zone imaged by receiver function analyses
Authors: Tonegawa Takashi , Hirahara Kazuro , Shibutani Takuo
Published: August 2014

High-resolution receiver function (RF) images of the upper mantle structure beneath the Japan Islands are obtained by RF analysis of the P-wave coda portions of 389 teleseismic events observed at 138 high-density broadband stations. We construct RFs through frequency-domain division using a water level of 0.01 and Gaussian low-pass filters of 1.0, 0.5, 0.3, and 0.1 Hz, and produce depth-migrated RFs using the one-dimensional IASP91 velocity model. The RF images clearly resolve the subducting Pacific Plate to a depth of 200 km, and reveal a local 30 km elevation of the 410 km discontinuity within the subducting plate. The 660 km discontinuity is also found to exhibit a broad 50 km depression under the influence of the stagnating slab. From analysis of the frequency dependence of the RFs, the thickness of the 410 km discontinuity is inferred to vary on a relatively local scale, whereas the 660 km transition is sharp throughout the Japan Islands.
Long-period ground motion simulation in the Kinki area during the MJ 7.1 foreshock of the 2004 off the Kii peninsula earthquakes
Authors: Yamada Nobuyuki , Iwata Tomotaka
Published: August 2014

Long-period (5–20 s) ground motion simulations in the Kinki area during theMJ7.1 foreshock of the 2004 off the Kii peninsula earthquakes are performed. We construct a three-dimensional underground structure model that includes the source region and Osaka basin area to confirm propagation-path effects of crustal structure on long-period ground motions. Finite difference (FD) simulations by our three-dimensional underground structure model agree well with long-period observed ground motions at several rock sites in the Kinki area. We found that a sedimentary wedge structure along the Nankai trough amplifies and elongates long-period ground motions from this event. We also examine the effect of source depth for this event by comparing the observed with synthetic waveforms. These results suggest that precise modeling of the shallower parts of the underground structure, such as the sedimentary wedge, are quite important for long-period ground motion simulation of the hypothetical Nankai and Tonankai earthquakes.
Long-period ground motions from a large offshore earthquake: The case of the 2004 off the Kii peninsula earthquake, Japan
Authors: Miyake Hiroe , Koketsu Kazuki
Published: August 2014

The 2004 off the Kii Peninsula earthquake excited long-period ground motions over a wide area of Honshu Island of Japan. This remarkable excitation was observed in the Osaka, Nobi, and Kanto basins as well as in the Omaezaki region. The record section indicates two types of developed long-period motions by the basin surface waves, either by the source or passage effect of the shallow and large offshore earthquake. Their combination resulted in the well-developed long-period ground motions observed within the distant basins as those during the 1985 Michoacan and 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquakes did. The distributions of pseudo-velocity response spectra confirmed this development at periods of 5–7 s in the Osaka and Nobi basins and of 7–10 s in the Kanto basin. The comparison of the distributions with the thicknesses of the sediments and the S-wave velocities of the surface layers shows that these characteristics of the long-period ground motions are closely related to the structures of the basins. The earthquake provided a timely warning of damaging long-period ground motions from future megathrust events in the Tonankai, Nankai, and Tokai regions.
Resistivity image of the Philippine Sea Plate around the 1944 Tonankai earthquake zone deduced by Marine and Land MT surveys
Authors: Kasaya Takafumi , Goto Tada-nori , Mikada Hitoshi , Baba Kiyoshi , Suyehiro Kiyoshi , Utada Hisashi
Published: August 2014

The Nankai Trough is an active convergent region in southwest Japan and mega-thrust earthquakes have repeatedly occurred in some areas of its plate-boundary interface. Generation of mega-thrust earthquakes is inferred to be related to the existence of water. The resistivity structure is very sensitive to the existence of water. For that reason, it is important to obtain the resistivity image around the rupture area of mega-thrust earthquakes. We carried out land and marine magnetotelluric surveys in the Kii Peninsula and the offshore Kii Peninsula where the 1944 Tonankai earthquake occurred. We constructed a 2D resistivity model using an inversion technique. The modeled resistivity structure portrayed the Philippine Sea Plate as a resistive region. However, its resistivity becomes more conductive as the plate subducts, showing 10 Ω-m around the down-dip limit. These characteristics are considered to relate to the water. Therefore, we infer that water might control the generation of mega-thrust earthquakes.
Simultaneous ground- and satellite-based airglow observations of geomagnetic conjugate plasma bubbles in the equatorial anomaly
Authors: Ogawa Tadahiko , Sagawa Eiichi , Otsuka Yuichi , Shiokawa Kazuo , Immel Thomas I. , Mende Stephen B. , Wilkinson Phil
Published: August 2014

We compare, for the first time, geomagnetically-conjugate plasma bubbles observed by ground-based OI 630.0-nm all-sky imagers at Shigaraki, Japan (34.8°N, 136.1°E; magnetic latitude 25.4°N) and Darwin, Australia (12.4°S, 131.0°E; magnetic latitude 22.0°S), with global-scale plasma structures (≈10,000 km in longitude) in the equatorial anomaly simultaneously detected with an OI 135.6-nm imager on the IMAGE satellite at ≈7 earth radii. As found previously, global-scale plasma structures in both hemisphere imaged by IMAGE consist of an array of geomagnetically-conjugate small- to medium-scale (a few hundreds to 1000 km in longitude) wavy structures that move to the east at ≈100 ms−1. We find the following: 1) plasma bubbles detected with the allsky imagers reach an apex altitude of ≈1800 km over the geomagnetic equator while moving to the east at ≈100 m s−1 with spacings of 200–250 km. 2) Bubbles observed with the all-sky imagers and IMAGE are embedded within the small- to medium-scale wavy structures, and some of them are located near the crest of an enhanced electron density region associated with the wavy structures. 3) The bubbles and wavy structures that are generated near sunset slant to the west with increasing latitude in both hemispheres, and tilts do not change with longitude (i.e., local time). The results suggest that the generation and evolution of plasma bubbles are closely related to those of the small- to medium-scale plasma structures.
Aftershock distribution and 3D seismic velocity structure in and around the focal area of the 2004 mid Niigata prefecture earthquake obtained by applying double-difference tomography to dense temporary seismic network data
Authors: Okada T. , Umino N. , Matsuzawa T. , Nakajima J. , Uchida N. , Nakayama T. , Hirahara S. , Sato T. , Hori S. , Kono T. , Yabe Y. , Ariyoshi K. , Gamage S. , Shimizu J. , Suganomata J. , Kita S. , Yui S. , Arao M. , Hondo S. , Mizukami T. , Tsushima H. , Yaginuma T. , Hasegawa A. , Asano Y. , Zhang H. , Thurber C.
Published: August 2014

A destructive large earthquake (the 2004 mid Niigata prefecture earthquake) sequence occurred in the central part (Chuetsu district) of Niigata prefecture, central Japan on October 23, 2004. We have deployed a temporary seismic network composed of 54 stations for aftershock observation just above and around the focal area of the earthquake for about a month. Using travel time data from the temporary seismic network and surrounding routine stations, we obtained precise aftershock distribution and 3D seismic velocity structure in and around the fault planes of the earthquake and four major (M ≥ 6) aftershocks by double-difference tomography. The results clearly show three major aftershock alignments. Two of them are almost parallel and dipping toward the WNW. The shallow and deep aftershock alignments correspond to the fault plane of the mainshock and that of the largest aftershock (M6.4), respectively. The third alignment is almost perpendicular to the WNW-ward dipping planes and perhaps corresponds to the fault plane of the M6 aftershock on October 27. General feature of the obtained velocity structure is that the hanging wall (western part of the focal area) has lower velocity and the footwall (eastern part of the focal area) has higher velocity. Major velocity boundary seems to shift westward in comparison to in northern and southern parts at a location near the central part of the focal area, where the main shock rupture started. Some parts of the fault planes were imaged as low velocity zones. This complex crustal structure would be one of possible causes of the multi-fault rupture of the 2004 mid Niigata prefecture earthquake sequence.
Resistivity imaging across the source region of the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture earthquake (M6.8), central Japan
Authors: Uyeshima Makoto , Ogawa Yasuo , Honkura Yoshimori , Koyama Shigeru , Ujihara Naoto , Mogi Toru , Yamaya Yusuke , Harada Makoto , Yamaguchi Satoru , Shiozaki Ichiro , Noguchi Tatsuya , Kuwaba Yoshihiro , Tanaka Yoshikazu , Mochido Yuji , Manabe Noriko , Nishihara Masanori , Saka Mamoru , Serizawa Masato
Published: August 2014

Across the source region of the 2004 Mid-Niigata Prefecture earthquake, wideband magnetotelluric (MT) survey was performed just after the onset of the mainshock. Owing to the temporal stop of the DC powered railways around the area together with intense geomagnetic activity, we obtain MT records with excellent quality for both short and long period data, as long as 10,000 s. Two dimensional regional strike is evaluated with the aid of the Groom-Bailey tensor decomposition together with induction vector analysis. As a result, N15°W is determined for the strike. This strike is oblique to the local geological trend and also to the strike of the main shock source fault together with aftershock distribution of N35°E. Two dimensional resistivity structure is determined with the aid of an ABIC inversion code, where static shift is considered and estimated. Characteristics of the structure are as follows. (1) About 10 km thick sedimentary layer exists on the top. (2) A conductive body exists in the lower crust beneath the source region. The mainshock occurred at the boundary of the conductive sedimentary layer and a resistive basement beneath it and aftershocks occurred in the sedimentary layer. From geological studies, it is reported that the sedimentary layer was formed in the extensional rift-structure from Miocene to Pleistocene and has been thickened by compressional tectonic regime in the late Quaternary. Interstitial fluids or clay minerals, which reduce the sedimentary layer resistivity, control the reactivation of the normal fault as the mainshock thrust fault and aftershock activity. The second conductive body probably indicates existence of fluids in the depths as well. Such a conductive layer in the lower crust was also revealed by previous MT experiments along the Niigata-Kobe Tectonic Zone and probably plays a main role in concentration of strain rate along the zone.
Electrical conductivity structures estimated by thin sheet inversion, with special attention to the Beppu-Shimabara graben in central Kyushu, Japan
Authors: Handa Shun
Published: August 2014

It is proposed that the Beppu-Shimabara graben (BSG), characterized by the continuous negative Bouguer anomaly, runs NE to SW in central Kyushu. In order to clarify the BSG, the shallow electrical conductivity structure in central Kyushu is obtained by thin sheet modeling using the inversion of a conjugate gradient relaxation method and also using the forward method. The data used are the single-site transfer functions at 75 sites for the periods of 77, 97 and 122 sec. The inverted model indicates three highly conductive areas: these are the Saga-Chikugo plain covered with thick alluvium and the eastern and the western parts of central Kyushu including the BSG. Both end zones of this BSG are highly conductive in our model, which is closely related to conductive layers shallower than about 1 km. In contrast, the central part of the BSG is rather highly resistive. The BSG, thus, is not revealed as a continuous high-conductive belt and seems to be separated into three parts; the eastern and the western high-conductive zones and the central resistive area in our geoelectrical model of the shallow crust.
Crustal analysis of maud rise from combined satellite and near-surface magnetic survey data
Authors: Kim Hyung Rae , von Frese Ralph R. B. , Golynsky Alexander V. , Taylor Patrick T. , Kim Jeong Woo
Published: August 2014

We produced a crustal magnetization model for the Maud Rise in the southwest Indian Ocean off the coast of East Antarctica using magnetic observations from the Ørsted satellite and near-surface surveys complied by the Antarctic Digital Magnetic Anomaly Project (ADMAP). Joint inversion of the two anomaly fields suggests that the magnetic effects due to crustal thickness variations and remanence involving the normal polarity Cretaceous Quiet Zone (KQZ) dominate at satellite altitude (~700 km). The crustal thickness effects were modeled in the Ørsted data using crustal thickness variations derived from satellite altitude gravity data. Modeling of the residual Ørsted and near-surface magnetic anomalies supports extending the KQZ eastwards to the Astrid Ridge. The remaining near-surface anomalies involve crustal features with relatively high frequency effects that are strongly attenuated at satellite altitudes. The crustal modeling can be extended by the satellite magnetic anomalies across the Indian Ocean Ridge for insight on the crustal properties of the conjugate Agulhas Plateau. The modeling supports the Jurassic reconstruction of Gondwana when the African Limpopo-Zambezi and East Antarctic Princess Astrid coasts were connected as part of a relatively demagnetized crustal block.
Utility of aeromagnetic studies for mapping of potentially active faults in two forearc basins: Puget Sound, Washington, and Cook Inlet, Alaska
Authors: Saltus R. W. , Blakely R. J. , Haeussler P. J. , Wells R. E.
Published: August 2014

High-resolution aeromagnetic surveys over forearc basins can detect faults and folds in weakly magnetized sediments, thus providing geologic constraints on tectonic evolution and improved understanding of seismic hazards in convergent-margin settings. Puget Sound, Washington, and Cook Inlet, Alaska, provide two case histories. In each lowland region, shallow-source magnetic anomalies are related to active folds and/or faults. Mapping these structures is critical for understanding seismic hazards that face the urban regions of Seattle, Washington, and Anchorage, Alaska. Similarities in aeromagnetic anomaly patterns and magnetic stratigraphy between the two regions suggest that we can expect the aeromagnetic method to yield useful structural information that may contribute to earth-hazard and energy resource investigations in other forearc basins.
Precise, three-dimensional seafloor geodetic deformation measurements using difference techniques
Authors: Xu Peiliang , Ando Masataka , Tadokoro Keiichi
Published: August 2014

Abtract

Crustal deformation on land can now be measured and monitored routinely and precisely using space geodetic techniques. The same is not true of the seafloor, which covers about 70 percent of the earth surface, and is critical in terms of plate tectonics, submarine volcanism, and earthquake mechanisms of plate boundary types. We develop new data processing strategies for quantifying crustal deformation at the ocean floor: single- and double-difference methods. Theoretically, the single difference method can eliminate systematic errors of long period, while the double difference method is able to almost completely eliminate all depth-dependent and spatialdependent systematic errors. The simulations have shown that the transponders on the seafloor and thus the deformation of the seafloor can be determined with the accuracy of one centimeter in the single point positioning mode. Since almost all systematic errors (of temporal or spatial nature) have been removed by the double difference operator, the double difference method has been simulated to be capable of determining the threedimensional, relative position between two transponders on the seafloor even at the accuracy of sub-centimeters by employing and accumulating small changes in geometry over time. While the surveying strategy employed by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) requires the ship maintain station, our technique requires the ship to move freely. The SIO approach requires a seafloor array of at least three transponders and that the relative positions of the transponders be pre-determined. Our approach directly positions a single transponder or relative positions of transponders, and thus measures deformation unambiguously.
Low latitude Ne and Te variations at 600 km during 1 March 1982 storm from HINOTORI satellite
Authors: Oyama K. I. , Lakshmi D. R. , Kutiev I. , Abdu M. A.
Published: August 2014

This paper presents for the first time a study of HINOTORI satellite measurements of electron density and electron temperature in the topside ionosphere exclusively for magnetic storm departures. Special focus was given to the major storm of 1 March, 1982. While large enhancements in T
e characterize the day time storm response, marked increases in N
e dominate the night time deviations. The night time N
e enhancements which are rather remarkable during 0000–0400 LT are also found to be accompanied by significant T
e increases, by as much as 300 K. The statistical picture that emerges from the study of a large number of storms suggests significant nocturnal T
e enhancements which correlate with the magnitudes of storm intensities. Ring current particles through charge exchange processes seem to be a major source of heat input to thermal electrons, though other sources may also be important.
Transient crustal deformation in Tokai region, central Japan, until May 2004
Authors: Ozawa Shinzaburo , Murakami Makoto , Kaidzu Masaru , Hatanaka Yuki
Published: August 2014

An analysis of Global Positioning System (GPS) data reveals a continuation of the transient crustal deformation that was first reported by Ozawa et al. (2002) in the western Tokai region. Kalman filtering following the time-dependent inversion shows a slow-thrust slip occurring on the plate boundary in the western Tokai region, with its center around Lake Hamana, which is adjacent to the anticipated Tokai earthquake source area. The moment release from the Tokai silent earthquake was observed to be continuous surpassing Mw 7.0 in May 2004, with relative slip increases to the northeast and north of Lake Hamana from 2002. The moment release rate decreased in 2002, and then increased in 2003, reaching the rate observed in 2001.
Propagation of the 2001–2002 silent earthquake and interplate coupling in the Oaxaca subduction zone, Mexico
Authors: Franco S. I. , Kostoglodov V. , Larson K. M. , Manea V. C. , Manea M. , Santiago J. A.
Published: August 2014

The aseismic slow slip event of 2001–2002 in Guerrero, Mexico, with an equivalent magnitudeMW~ 7.5, is the largest silent earthquake (SQ) among many recently recorded by GPS in different subduction zones (i.e. Japan, Alaska, Cascadia, New Zealand). The sub-horizontal and shallow plate interface in Central Mexico is responsible for specific conditions for the ~100 km long extended transient zone where the SQs develop from ~80 to ~190 km inland from the trench. This wide transient zone and relatively large slow slips of 10 to 20 cm displacements on the subduction fault result in noticeable surface displacements of 5–6 cm during the SQs. Continuous GPS stations allow one to trace the propagation of SQs, and to estimate their arrival time, duration and geometric attenuation. These propagation parameters must be accounted in order to locate source of slow slips events and to understand the triggering effect that they have on large subduction earthquakes. We use long-baseline tiltmeter data to define new time limits (onset and duration) for the SQs and continuous records from 8 GPS stations to determine the propagation of the 2001–2002 SQ in Central Mexico. Data from the CAYA and IGUA GPS stations, separated by ~170 km and located along the profile perpendicular to the trench, are used to determine that the surface deformation from the 2001–2002 SQ started almost instantaneously. It propagated parallel to the coast at ~2 km/day with an exponential attenuation of the horizontal surface displacement and a linear decrease of its duration with distance. Campaign data obtained yearly from 2001 to 2005 at the Oaxaca GPS network have been modeled according to a propagation of the 2001–2002 SQ step-like displacement anomaly. This modeling shows that the SQ ceased gradually in the central part of the Oaxaca segment of the subduction zone (west of Puerto Angel, PUAN) and then it apparently triggered another SQ in SE Oaxaca (between PUAN and Salina Cruz, SACR). The estimated horizontal velocities for inter-event epochs at each GPS site are used to assess an average interplate coupling in the Central Oaxaca subduction zone.