bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Innovative Education Perceptions of Teachers Working in Turkey and South Africa
Authors: Kocasaraç Hüseyin , Sithabil Nokulunga
Published: August 2024

This study explored and compared metaphorical perceptions of “Innovative Education” among 100 in-service teachers from Turkey and South Africa during the 2020-2021 academic year. A phenomenological research design was adopted for this qualitative investigation. Teachers accessed an online platform to complete the open-ended prompt: “Innovative Education is like a ……because……”. The data was categorized through content analysis into four themes: vision, value, novelty, and process. Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation theory provided a framework for interpreting the findings. The results revealed that teachers in both countries perceived innovation as a relative advantage, likely due to the significant changes experienced during the pandemic. However, South African teachers’ metaphors also indicated complexity, potentially reflecting a lack of adequate training and support during the implementation of innovative practices. Conversely, Turkish teachers’ metaphors suggested a more welcoming attitude, possibly due to sufficient support structures. Based on these findings, the study recommends that promoting teacher confidence during educational innovation should involve strong advocacy alongside comprehensive training and support programs.
Book Review - The Marketing of Academic, National and Public Libraries Worldwide: Marketing, Branding, Community Engagement
Authors: Ellis Lucy
Published: August 2024

Patrick Lo and David Baker have brought the world of marketing to the center ground of libraries in their book The Marketing of Academic, National and Public Libraries Worldwide: Marketing, Branding, Community Engagement. Published by Chandos-Elsevier its sheer size and substance is indicative of how far the language, culture, and operations of marketing have taken root in the library sector worldwide and is in the minds of those who lead important libraries. Lo and Baker have captured an immense amount of information to fill a significant gap in the literature. Far from being a dirty word, the ‘marketing’ of libraries is clearly necessary, essential, desirable, perhaps uncomfortable at times, and quite fascinating.
Hybrid quantum search with genetic algorithm optimization
Authors: Ardelean Sebastian Mihai , Udrescu Mihai
Published: August 2024

Quantum genetic algorithms (QGA) integrate genetic programming and quantum computing to address search and optimization problems. The standard strategy of the hybrid QGA approach is to add quantum resources to classical genetic algorithms (GA), thus improving their efficacy (i.e., quantum optimization of a classical algorithm). However, the extent of such improvements is still unclear. Conversely, Reduced Quantum Genetic Algorithm (RQGA) is a fully quantum algorithm that reduces the GA search for the best fitness in a population of potential solutions to running Grover’s algorithm. Unfortunately, RQGA finds the best fitness value and its corresponding chromosome (i.e., the solution or one of the solutions of the problem) in exponential runtime, O(2n/2), where n is the number of qubits in the individuals’ quantum register. This article introduces a novel QGA optimization strategy, namely a classical optimization of a fully quantum algorithm, to address the RQGA complexity problem. Accordingly, we control the complexity of the RQGA algorithm by selecting a limited number of qubits in the individuals’ register and fixing the remaining ones as classical values of ‘0’ and ‘1’ with a genetic algorithm. We also improve the performance of RQGA by discarding unfit solutions and bounding the search only in the area of valid individuals. As a result, our Hybrid Quantum Algorithm with Genetic Optimization (HQAGO) solves search problems in O(2(n−k)/2) oracle queries, where k is the number of fixed classical bits in the individuals’ register.
Genome sequencing and CAZymes repertoire analysis of Diaporthe eres P3-1W causing postharvest fruit rot of ‘Hongyang’ kiwifruit in China
Authors: Ling Li-Zhen , Chen Ling-Ling , Liu Zhen-Zhen , Luo Lan-Ying , Tai Si-Han , Zhang Shu-Dong
Published: August 2024

Postharvest rot caused by various fungal pathogens is a damaging disease affecting kiwifruit production and quality, resulting in significant annual economic losses. This study focused on isolating the strain P3-1W, identified as Diaporthe eres, as the causal agent of ‘Hongyang’ postharvest rot disease in China. The investigation highlighted cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) as crucial pathogenic factors. Specially, the enzymatic activities of cellulase, β-galactosidase, polygalacturonase, and pectin methylesterases peaked significantly on the second day after infection of D. eres P3-1W. To gain a comprehensive understanding of these CWDEs, the genome of this strain was sequenced using PacBio and Illumina sequencing technologies. The analysis revealed that the genome of D. eres P3-1W spans 58,489,835 bp, with an N50 of 5,939,879 bp and a GC content of 50.7%. A total of 15,407 total protein-coding genes (PCGs) were predicted and functionally annotated. Notably, 857 carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were identified in D. eres P3-1W, with 521 CWDEs consisting of 374 glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 108 carbohydrate esterase (CEs) and 91 polysaccharide lyases (PLs). Additionally, 221 auxiliary activities (AAs), 91 glycosyltransferases (GTs), and 108 carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) were detected. These findings offer valuable insights into the CAZymes of D. eres P3-1W.
Prevalence of Depression in Schizophrenic Remission Patients and its Impact on their QoL: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pallavi T , Kailash Shabeeba Z , Sureshkumar Kailash , Aravindh M
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a major mental illness and a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. Around one-fifth of patients with Schizophrenia have signific ant depression during the phase of clinical remission. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of depression in patients with Schizophrenia, the Quality of Life (QoL) of patients with depression in Schizophrenia, and to study the relationship between the two. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. One hundred patients aged 18 to 59 years diagnosed with Schizophrenia as per International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), operationally in remission for a minimum of one month, were included. The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Brief version (WHOQoL-BREF) scale were used to measure the presence of depression and QoL in patients with Schizophrenia. Data were analysed with t-test, Chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 31.6±5.1 years. Of the total study population, 72% were male, 31% had a high school level education, 20% were unemployed, 64% were married, 46% were from a semi-urban background, and 45% belonged to a lower-middle socio-economic background. Twenty-two percent of patients with Schizophrenia in remission were found to have depression. A longer duration of untreated psychosis (mean=9.14±2.83 years) was significantly associated with the development of depression in patients with Schizophrenia. Patients with Schizophrenia and depression had significantly poorer QoL in all domains (physical, psychological, social, environmental; p<0.001). Conclusion: This study helps us understand the importance of monitoring for depression in at-risk patients with Schizophrenia in remission. Doing so can pave the way for early intervention, thus improving their overall QoL.
Comparison of Balance Between Badminton and Volleyball Recreational Players with Chronic Ankle Instability: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shetty Yashwitha , Srivastava Saumya
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI) is an injury that presents persistent instability and “giving way” symptoms. The higher rate of reinjury following an initial Lateral Ankle Sprain (LAS) is associated with the development of CAI, which affects athletic and functional performance. Impairment of musculotendinous receptors following an initial ankle sprain may result in recurrent ankle instability. Some studies have suggested an association between CAI and issues with static and dynamic balance. Comparisons of static balance between recreational badminton and volleyball players and dynamic balance between recreational badminton and volleyball players with CAI are required to provide athletes with the proper balance training exercises. Aim: To analyse the static balance of badminton and volleyball recreational players with CAI using the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and a Plantar Pressure Analysis System (PPAS), as well as the dynamic balance of those players using the Y Balance Test (YBT). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted where recreational players with CAI who play badminton and volleyball were screened using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), and 46 participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted in the indoor and outdoor stadiums of NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. The study duration was from March 2023 to March 2024. Ethical clearance was obtained from the same university for the study. Following this, static and dynamic balance of each group was assessed using BESS (number of errors), PPAS (sway velocity), and YBT (distance reached by the limb). The static balance between the groups and dynamic balance between the groups were analysed in Jamovi software using independent sample t-test. Results: Following the analysis, static balance between badminton and volleyball recreational players using BESS showed a non significant difference with a p-value of 0.282, while PPAS showed non significant differences with p-values of 0.174 for double leg stance and 0.063 for single leg stance. Similarly, dynamic balance between badminton and volleyball recreational players using YBT showed non significant differences with p-values of 0.467, 0.768, and 0.299 for anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions, respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that there was no significant difference in static as well as dynamic balance between badminton and volleyball recreational players with CAI. However, it is important to evaluate the static and dynamic balance of recreational players to enhance performance and prevent injuries.
Agricultural Policy Reforms and their Effects on Smallholder Farmers: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: T. N. Srinatha, , Abhishek G J , Kumar Pramod , B. J. Aravinda, , Baruah Debasmita , S. Gireesh, , Thakur Niyati , Perumal Anbukkani
Published: August 2024

Agricultural policy reforms are critical in influencing the economic, social, and environmental conditions of smallholder farmers, who represent a significant portion of the agricultural workforce in developing countries. These reforms, implemented through various strategies such as market liberalization, subsidy adjustments, and land tenure reforms, have far-reaching implications. This review article delves into the multifaceted effects of agricultural policy reforms on smallholder farmers, providing a comprehensive analysis of their historical context, economic impacts, social outcomes, and environmental consequences. By examining the evolution of these policies from the pre-structural adjustment era to the present, we aim to shed light on both the successes and challenges faced by smallholder farmers. The review also highlights case studies from different regions, illustrating the diverse experiences of smallholder farmers under varying policy frameworks. Ultimately, this article offers policy recommendations designed to enhance the resilience and productivity of smallholder farming communities, ensuring sustainable development and food security in the face of global challenges such as climate change and economic volatility.
The Evolution of Buddhism in India and Tibet: A Historical Analysis
Authors: Pradhan Sonam Yangden , Lallianchhunga
Published: August 2024

Buddhism as one of the world's major religions originated in India and later spread to Tibet. It evolved distinctively in each region. The interplay between Indian and Tibetan Buddhism is a fascinating study of cultural and religious exchange. This article explores the history of Buddhism in India, the historical and spiritual development of Tibet, the spread of Buddhism from India to Tibet, and its reintroduction to India, focusing on the religious, cultural and socio-political dynamics. The study employs a comparative historical analysis methodology, utilising both primary and secondary sources, including historical texts, religious scriptures and scholarly articles. This approach enables a detailed examination of the evolution and exchange of Buddhist practices and beliefs between India and Tibet. By systematically comparing these sources, the study aims to elucidate the historical and cultural interactions that have shaped the development of Buddhism in both regions. Overall, this manuscript not only advances historical scholarship but also fosters a deeper appreciation of the rich, interconnected history of Buddhism and its enduring impact on global religious and cultural landscapes.
Impact of Stock Market Integration on Industrial Corporate Investment in Nigeria: An Empirical Study (1986-2023)
Authors: Oluwole Foluso Ololade , Adekunle Loveth Nike
Published: August 2024

Nigeria, a sub-Saharan African nation, is endowed with an abundance of natural resources, particularly those needed for industrial purposes. Despite this, the present level of output in the industrial sector in Nigeria is too low, particularly when it comes to investment undertaking by corporate investors. Therefore, the study examined the effect of stock market integration on industrial corporate investment in Nigeria from 1986-2023. Data used were sourced from the Central bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The study used Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), bound test and Autoregressive Distributed Lag. The ADF estimate indicated that money supply and all share index were integrated of order one; while, corporate investment, stock market integration, real exchange rate, and lending interest rate were integrated of order zero. The F-value for the bound test estimate was much higher than upper bound of critical value at 5% conventional level; therefore, suggesting a long-run link between the use variables. The short-run estimates showed that stock market integration, real exchange rate and all share index were significant with direct effect on corporate investment; while, money supply and lending interest rate were significant also with indirect effects. Furthermore, long-run estimate showed that money supply and all share index were significant with direct effect on corporate investment; while, real exchange rate and lending interest rate were significant with indirect effects. This suggests that stock market integration currently witnessing in Nigeria is tentative. The study concluded that the current growth witnessing by industrial corporate investment in Nigeria due to stock market integration is not sustainable. Therefore, recommended that the Nigerian Exchange Group’s management should ensure that stock market price exhibit low volatility rate by making sure that its stocks management policies reflect best global stock exchange practice.
Issues of Social Media Usage by Adolescents in their Socialisation Process
Authors: Dsane Cynthia Fofo , Attom Lucy Effeh , Bordoh Anthony , Eshun Isaac
Published: August 2024

This study, employing a rigorous qualitative approach and case study design, investigated the common types of social media adolescents use in their socialisation process in Somanya in the Yilo Krobo Municipality in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The sample size was twenty adolescents selected through the convenience sampling technique. One-on-one interviews and focus group discussions were conducted to collect data. The significant findings from the study were that adolescents use social networking sites such as Facebook, WhatsApp, and Twitter. It recommends that parents socialise adolescents to conform to contemporary social interaction patterns to aid the proper use of social media. It was concluded that social media usage affects the socialisation of adolescent, thereby affecting their social behaviour.
The Role of Food Science in Combating Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Lynrah Lakordor Vivian , Devi Chingakham Basanti , Choudhuri Sagarika , C.S. Vidhya , Niharika M. , Singh Rashmi , Pandey Shivam Kumar , Singh Bal Veer
Published: August 2024

Obesity and related metabolic disorders have emerged as major global health challenges, affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The prevalence of these conditions has reached epidemic proportions, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Food science plays a crucial role in addressing this complex issue by developing innovative strategies and interventions to promote healthier eating habits and prevent the development of obesity and its associated comorbidities. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted role of food science in combating obesity and related metabolic disorders, focusing on key areas such as food formulation, processing, preservation, and fortification. We discuss the development of functional foods and ingredients that target specific metabolic pathways, as well as the application of novel technologies to enhance the nutritional quality and sensory appeal of food products. Additionally, we highlight the importance of consumer education and behavior change strategies in promoting healthy food choices and portion control. The review also examines the potential of personalized nutrition approaches, which leverage advances in nutrigenomics and metabolomics to tailor dietary interventions based on individual genetic and metabolic profiles. Furthermore, we explore the role of food science in developing sustainable and equitable food systems that ensure access to nutritious foods for all populations. By synthesizing the latest research findings and identifying gaps in current knowledge, this review provides valuable insights and recommendations for future research and policy initiatives aimed at harnessing the power of food science to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders on a global scale.
An Investigative Study of Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Antithrombin Levels in Patients with Ischaemic Stroke
Authors: Nnachi Oluomachi C , Ezenwenyi Innocent P , Akulue John C , Nnachi Oji A , Nwadum Favour E , Onoh Tochukwu J , Ezeokoli Ozioma E , Ugwu Chima G
Published: August 2024

Background: The haemostatic system maintains a balance between prothrombotic and antithrombotic components in the body. The role of this system in ischaemic stroke is not certain.
Objective: Prothrombin time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time(APTT) are widely used screening tests to assess the haemostatic cascade. We sought to evaluate the relevance of these test and antithrombin (AT) levels in patients with ischaemic stroke.
Methods: AT, platelet count, PT and APTT tests were carried out for 65 patients with ischaemic stroke and 65 controls with no history of stroke.
Results: The mean age of stroke subjects was 60.4 ± 12.3yrs. PT and APTT in the test and control groups were similar and Antithrombin levels did not show significant difference. But there was a significant association between functional AT deficiency and diabetes mellitus in the ischaemic stroke group. A significant negative correlation existed between functional AT activity and prothrombin and between AT Ag levels and APTT
Conclusion: There was no difference in the Antithrombin levels, PT and APTT values in patients with ischaemic stroke and those without a history of stroke and carrying out these tests routinely to assess hypercoagulable states in ischaemic stroke patients may not have any diagnostic value in our population.
Standardization of Crop Geometry and Major Nutrients for Enhancing the Growth, Yield and Quality of Davana (Artemisia pallens Wall) cv. Theni under Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka, India
Authors: Lokesh  , Narayanapur Vijayakumar B , Vishwanath Y C , Prasanna S M , G Bhuvaneshwari , B Om priya
Published: August 2024

The study was conducted on the effect of spacing and fertilizers on growth, quality and yield of Artemisia pallens Wall. cv. Theni in northern Karnataka (Zone III) for two consecutive years in rabi 2021 and 2022. The research was set out in a factorial RCBD and replicated thrice in nine treatment combinations, that is three levels of spacing (S1: 15 x 7.5 cm, S2: 20 x 10 cm and S3: 30 x 10 cm) and three fertilizer levels (F1: 60:30:20 N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1, F2: 90:30:30 N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1 and F3: 120:40:40 N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1). The pooled data of two years was statistically analysed using the Fisher's method of "Analysis of variance". Among the spacing levels, 20 x 10 cm spacing was noticed the maximum inflorescences plant-1 (87.40), hundred flower weight (3.83 g), fresh herbage yield (11.29 t ha-1), dry herbage yield (2.83 t ha-1) & essential oil yield (13.23 kg ha-1). Among various fertilizer doses application of F3 (120:40:40 N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1) was noticed economically feasible, it has obtained maximal growth and yield parameters. The highest fresh herb yield (12.78 t ha-1), dry herbage yield (3.16 t ha-1) and essential oil yield of (15.46 kg ha-1) were noticed with 120:40:40 N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1 (F3) application. Spacing of 20 x 10 cm (S2) and application of 120:40:40 N N, P2O5, K2O kg ha-1 (F3) found to be economical with highest benefit cost ratio of 4.08.
A Comparative Study of Spacing and Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield and Economics of Okra
Authors: Patel Pavan K. , Satodiya B. N. , Solanki Pravina P.
Published: August 2024

The present investigation was conducted at Horticultural Experimental Farm, B.A.C.A., Anand Agricultural University, Anand in kharif during 2022 and 2023. Ensuring balanced plant nutrients and spacing is essential for achieving optimal okra production. Optimal plant density supports uniform and healthy growth by effectively utilizing moisture, nutrients, and light, thereby maximizing okra yield. Single source of nutrients whether chemical fertilizers, organic manures or biofertilizers that cannot improve production, productivity and soil health. Sowing okra at 60 × 30 cm spacing observed better leaf area (433.06 and 568.01 cm2) and number of nodes per plant (15.57 and 23.46) at 60 and 90 DAS. While, maximum yield per plot (9.20 kg) and yield per hectare (14.19 t) was found in 45 × 30 cm spacing. Application of 25% RDF + 50% RDN through Vermicompost + NPK consortium 1L/ha recorded maximum yield per plot (9.41 kg) and yield per hectare (15.33 t). With respect to treatment combinations, sowing of okra at 60 × 30 cm spacing with application of 25% RDF + 50% RDN through Vermicompost + NPK consortium 1L/ha recorded the highest leaf area (458.88 and 598.27 cm2) at 60 and 90 DAS. However, maximum yield per plot (10.45 kg) and yield per hectare (16.13 t) was found in 45 × 30 cm spacing with application of 25% RDF + 50% RDN through Vermicompost + NPK consortium 1L/ha. On economic point of view, maximum net realization (218555.21 ₹/ha) and BCR (2.11) was obtained in 45 × 30 cm spacing with application of 25% RDF + 50% RDN through FYM + NPK consortium 1L/ha.
Determination of Genetic Diversity in Greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)
Authors: Yadav Vikas , Maxton Ann
Published: August 2024

The experiment was conducted in a Randomized Block Design with three replications during the Zaid season 2023 at field experimentation centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, U.P. The aim of experimentation was to analyse genetic diversity present among green gram germplasms. Plant to plant distance was 10 cm and row to row distance was 30 cm. the data were recorded from randomly selected five plants for each genotypes for each replications for thirteen characters viz. days to 50% flowering, days to 50% pod setting, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of primary branches, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of seeds per pod, seed index (g), biological yield (g), harvest index and seed yield per plant (g). From the present investigation it was concluded that among 31 genotypes of greengram on the basis of mean performance 3 genotypes were found to be superior for seed yield per plant over check variety Samrat viz., IC-76569, IC-121220 and IC-119006. On the basis of Mahalanobis’ D2 statistics 31 genotypes of greengram were grouped into five clusters. Maximum numbers of 13 genotypes were included in cluster 1 followed by cluster 2 with 7 genotypes, cluster 3 with 5 genotypes, cluster 4 with only single genotypes in each cluster. The highest intra cluster D2 value was recorded for cluster 5 (43.09) with 5 genotypes followed by cluster 2 (30.45) with 7 genotypes. The maximum inter cluster value of 153.82 was recorded between cluster 3 and cluster 5. It was also reported that the characters like seed yield per plant, biological yield, number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length and harvest index contributed about 71.13% towards total divergence alone. Therefore, selection should be done based on these characters considering the diversity and genetic variability present in greengram.
Enhancing Durability of Concrete and Mortar with Ceramic Waste: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chouhan Manoj Kumar , Meena Netram , Agrawal Juhi , Gupta Trilok
Published: August 2024

The construction industry continually seeks sustainable materials to enhance the durability of structures while minimizing environmental impact. Ceramic waste, a by-product of the ceramic manufacturing process, presents a promising alternative. Traditionally used for tiles, sanitary ware, and bricks, ceramic materials are valued for their high strength, aesthetic appeal, and thermal insulation properties. The study indicates that ceramic waste enhances the durability of construction materials due to its inherent properties, such as low water absorption and high abrasion resistance. Additionally, utilizing ceramic waste addresses environmental concerns associated with landfill disposal, which include soil and water contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, and the depletion of landfill space. Incorporating ceramic waste into construction materials not only offers environmental benefits by reducing landfill waste and conserving natural resources but also provides economic advantages through cost-effective waste management and material production. This research explores the incorporation of ceramic waste into construction materials, emphasizing the enhanced durability properties like water absorption, Chloride test, UPV test, Electrical resistivity test, freezing and thawing test, drying shrinkage test and sulphate attack test of concrete and mortar mix while highlighting the dual benefits of improved material performance. The results of water absorption increases with ceramic amount increment, resistance to chloride ion rises to 20% replacement, drying shrinkage and electrical resistivity decreases with increase in amount of ceramic waste, freezing and thawing & sulphate attack showed that ceramic waste material used as aggregate increases, mass loss reduces due to freezing and thawing cycles and the amount of ceramic waste material used increases, compressive strength increases up to a certain limit when immersion in sulphuric acid solution.
Correlation and Clustering for Yield and Its Attributing Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids
Authors: Shettigar Nivedita , Katragadda Sumalini , Vivek Bindiganavile Sampath , Nair Sudha Krishnan , Soujanya P. Lakshmi
Published: August 2024

Present investigation was conducted in 144 maize hybrids of CIMMYT, Hyderabad along with 6 checks at ICRISAT, Hyderabad. The genotypes were evaluated for six quantitative traits: plant height, ear height, anthesis days, silking days, ear per plant and grain yield. Correlation among the traits came to a conclusion that anthesis days and silking are positively correlated with grain yield genotypically and plant height, ear height and ear per plant are positively correlated with grain yield phenotypically. Hence selection on five traits plays a vital role in increasing the grain yield. Clustering of genotypes based on the six traits divide the germplasm into two clusters. Each cluster has 85 and 65 genotypes respectively. Clustering the genotypes based the quantitative traits helps in understanding the relatedness between the genotypes.
Automated Course of Action Evaluation for Military Decision-Making
Authors: Suh Geewon , Yi Hyungkeun , Kim Minhyuk , Kim Byungjoo , Lee Moonhyun , Baek Jaewoo , Suh Changho
Published: August 2024

In future complex and diverse battlefield situations, the existing command system faces the challenge of delayed human judgement of strategy and low objectivity. This paper proposes an artificial intelligence model that takes situation information and course of action simulation results as input and automatically assigns scores to various evaluation elements and a comprehensive score. This tool is expected to assist the commander in making decisions, reduce the time required for making judgments, and promote impartial decision-making.
Performance Improvement Approach to Naval Gun Fire Control System Based on Linear Target Tracking Filter with Radar Line-of-sight Measurements
Authors: Suh Uisuk
Published: August 2024

This paper addresses a novel approach to performance enhancement of the naval gun fire control system(FCS) by using the projectile tracking filter without any distortion of radar measurements. Under the assumption that the maneuvering between the projectile and the ship equipped with the radar is not quite large, this method is based on the concept of polar-coordinate target tracking, which separates the range estimation filter and the direction cosine estimation filter. Note that using polar-coordinates allows tracking to be performed in the same coordinate system from which the radar line-of-sight(LOS) measurements are obtained, unlike the conventional tracking process in Cartesian. Also, it is easy to implement in real-time and guarantees consistent estimates due to its linear filter structure. With the help of the above method, therefore, the proposed filter is able to improve the overall performance of FCS which requires stability of projectile estimates within a short engagement time. The effectiveness of the presented scheme is validated through computer simulations.
Climatology of medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed by the midlatitude Blackstone SuperDARN radar
Authors: Frissell N. A. , Baker J. B. H. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Gerrard A. J. , Miller E. S. , Marini J. P. , West M. L. , Bristow W. A.
Published: August 2014

A climatology of daytime midlatitude medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) observed by the Blackstone Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radar is presented. MSTIDs were observed primarily from fall through spring. Two populations were observed: a dominant population heading southeast (centered at 147° geographic azimuth, ranging from 100° to 210°) and a secondary population heading northwest (centered at −50° azimuth, ranging from −75° to −25°). Horizontal velocities ranged from 50 to 250 m s−1 with a distribution maximum between 100 and 150 m s−1. Horizontal wavelengths ranged from 100 to 500 km with a distribution peak at 250 km, and periods between 23 and 60 min, suggesting that the MSTIDs may be consistent with thermospheric gravity waves. A local time (LT) dependence was observed such that the dominant (southeastward) population decreased in number as the day progressed until a late afternoon increase. The secondary (northwestward) population appeared only in the afternoon, possibly indicative of neutral wind effects or variability of sources. LT dependence was not observed in other parameters. Possible solar‐geomagnetic and tropospheric MSTID sources were considered. The auroral electrojet (AE) index showed a correlation with MSTID statistics. Reverse ray tracing with the HINDGRATS model indicates that the dominant population has source regions over the Great Lakes and near the geomagnetic cusp, while the secondary population source region is 100 km above the Atlantic Ocean east of the Carolinas. This suggests that the dominant population may come from a region favorable to either tropospheric or geomagnetic sources, while the secondary population originates from a region favorable to secondary waves generated via lower atmospheric convection.
Links of justice and rejection sensitivity with aggression in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Bondü Rebecca , Krahé Barbara
Published: August 2014

Individual differences in justice sensitivity and rejection sensitivity have been linked to differences in aggressive behavior in adults. However, there is little research studying this association in children and adolescents and considering the two constructs in combination. We assessed justice sensitivity from the victim, observer, and perpetrator perspective as well as anxious and angry rejection sensitivity and linked both constructs to different forms (physical, relational), and functions (proactive, reactive) of self‐reported aggression and to teacher‐ and parent‐rated aggression in N = 1,489 9‐ to 19‐year olds in Germany. Victim sensitivity and both angry and anxious rejection sensitivity showed positive correlations with all forms and functions of aggression. Angry rejection sensitivity also correlated positively with teacher‐rated aggression. Perpetrator sensitivity was negatively correlated with all aggression measures, and observer sensitivity also correlated negatively with all aggression measures except for a positive correlation with reactive aggression. Path models considering the sensitivity facets in combination and controlling for age and gender showed that higher victim justice sensitivity predicted higher aggression on all measures. Higher perpetrator sensitivity predicted lower physical, relational, proactive, and reactive aggression. Higher observer sensitivity predicted lower teacher‐rated aggression. Angry rejection sensitivity predicted higher proactive and reactive aggression, whereas anxious rejection sensitivity did not make an additional contribution to the prediction of aggression. The findings are discussed in terms of social information processing models of aggression in childhood and adolescence. Aggr. Behav. 41:353–368, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ancient DNA evidence reveals that the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a1 admixed into the Han Chinese 3,000 years ago
Authors: Zhao Yong‐Bin , Zhang Ye , Li Hong‐Jie , Cui Ying‐Qiu , Zhu Hong , Zhou Hui
Published: August 2014

Objectives

Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a1 is found almost only in Han Chinese populations. However, it has not been found in ancient Han Chinese samples until now. Thus, the origin of haplogroup Q1a1 in Han Chinese is still obscure. This study attempts to provide answer to this question, and to uncover the origin and paternal genetic structure of the ancestors of the Han Chinese.

Methods

Eighty‐nine ancient human remains that were excavated from the presumed geographic source of the Han Chinese and dated to approximately 3,000 years ago were treated by the amelogenin gene polymerase chain reaction test, to determine their sex. Then, Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms were subsequently analyzed from the samples detected as male.

Results

Samples from 27 individuals were successfully amplified. Their haplotypes could be attributed to haplogroups N, O*, O2a, O3a, and Q1a1. Analyses showed that the assigned haplogroup of each sample is correlated to the suspected social status and observed burial custom associated with the sample.

Conclusions

The origins of the observed haplotypes and their distribution in present day Han Chinese and in the samples suggest that haplogroup Q1a1 was probably introduced into the Han Chinese population approximately 3,000 years ago. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:813–821, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural tube defects and atypical deletion on 22q11.2
Authors: Leoni Chiara , Stevenson David A. , Geiersbach Katherine B. , Paxton Christian N. , Krock Bryan L. , Mao Rong , Rope Alan F.
Published: August 2014

The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a common microdeletion disorder. Most of the patients show the common 3 Mb deletion but proximal 1.5 Mb deletion and unusual deletions located outside the common deleted region, have been detected particularly with the advance of comparative cytogenomic microarray technologies. The individuals reported in the literature with unusual deletions involving the 22q11 region, showed milder facial phenotypes, decreased incidence of cardiac anomalies, and intellectual disability. We describe two sibs with an atypical 0.8 Mb microdeletion of chromosome 22q11 who both showed myelomeningocele and mild facial dysmorphisms. The association between neural tube defect and the clinical diagnosis of Di George anomaly/velocardiofacial syndrome is well documented in the literature, but not all cases had molecular studies to determine breakpoint regions. This report helps to narrow a potential critical region for neural tube defects associated with 22q11 deletions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel variant in GABRB2 associated with intellectual disability and epilepsy
Authors: Srivastava Siddharth , Cohen Julie , Pevsner Jonathan , Aradhya Swaroop , McKnight Dianalee , Butler Elizabeth , Johnston Michael , Fatemi Ali
Published: August 2014

The γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor is one of the three main classes of receptors activated by GABA, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Mutations in genes encoding various subunits of this receptor (GABRA1, GABRA2, GABRA4, GABRA5, GABRA6, GABRB1, GABRB3, GABRG1, GABRG2, GABRG3, and GABRD) are implicated in a number of neurological and developmental disorders, including epilepsy and autism. To date, no human genetics studies have implicated mutations in GABRB2, encoding the β2 subunit of the GABAA receptor, with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we present a 12‐year‐old girl with intellectual disability and epilepsy, who was discovered by whole exome sequencing to have a de novo heterozygous missense variant in exon 4 of GABRB2 (c.236T > C; p.M79T). This variant is likely pathogenic, based on in silico analyses, as well as the fact that it results in the non‐conservative substitution of a non‐polar amino acid with a polar amino acid at a position that is evolutionarily conserved across multiple species. Our findings underscore the need for further investigation into the mechanisms by which mutations in GABRB2 contribute to neurological and developmental dysfunction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hemostatic effect of hot saline irrigation during functional endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gan Eng Cern , Alsaleh Saad , Manji Jamil , Habib Al‐Rahim R. , Amanian Ameen , Javer Amin R.
Published: August 2014

Background

The endoscopically magnified operative field in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) makes even a small amount of bleeding a potentially significant hindrance. It is thought that irrigation with hot saline during surgery may improve surgical field of view by producing a hemostatic effect. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of hot saline irrigation (HSI) compared to room temperature saline irrigation (RTSI) in the control of intraoperative bleeding during FESS.

Methods

Sixty‐two chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients undergoing FESS were randomized to 2 treatment arms in an equal ratio. Subjects received either HSI (49°C) or RTSI (18°C), 20 mL every 10 minutes, for the duration of FESS. The Boezaart endoscopic field of view grading system was the primary outcome measure. Boezaart score, heart rate, and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) were recorded at 10‐minute intervals between irrigations.

Results

Mean endoscopic surgical field of view (Boezaart score) did not significantly differ between the HSI and RTSI groups (1.5 ± 0.6 vs 1.3 ± 0.5; p = 0.23). However, when FESS was longer than 2 hours in duration, the Boezaart scores were significantly better in the HSI group (1.6 ± 0.6 vs 1.2 ± 0.4; p = 0.04). We found that blood loss per minute was significantly reduced (p = 0.02) in all cases in which HSI was used (2.3 ± 1.0) compared to RTSI (1.7 ± 1.1). Despite this, heart rate (p = 0.32) and MABP (p = 0.14) did not significantly differ between treatment groups.

Conclusion

HSI may be beneficial in improving surgical field of view in FESS after 2 hours of operating time. A significant reduction in rate of blood loss may be attained with HSI.
Testicular hypofunction and multiple sclerosis risk: A record‐linkage study
Authors: Pakpoor Julia , Goldacre Raph , Schmierer Klaus , Giovannoni Gavin , Goldacre Michael J.
Published: August 2014

The influence of gonadal hormones on multiple sclerosis (MS) is not well characterized and has thus far been investigated primarily in animal models or as a proposed therapeutic approach. We investigated a potential association between testicular hypofunction, as a proxy for low testosterone levels, and MS risk through analysis of linked English national Hospital Episode Statistics from 1999 to 2011. We report a strong positive association between testicular hypofunction and subsequent MS (rate ratio = 4.62, 95% confidence interval = 2.3–8.24, p < 0.0001). Future work should aim more directly to elucidate the relationship between testosterone levels and MS in both males and females. Ann Neurol 2014;76:625–628
Laminar and Neurochemical Organization of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus of the Human, Monkey, Cat, and Rodents
Authors: Baizer Joan S. , Wong Keit Men , Paolone Nicholas A. , Weinstock Nadav , Salvi Richard J. , Manohar Senthilvelan , Witelson Sandra F. , Baker James F. , Sherwood Chet C. , Hof Patrick R.
Published: August 2014

The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is a brainstem structure that receives input from the auditory nerve. Many studies in a diversity of species have shown that the DCN has a laminar organization and identifiable neuron types with predictable synaptic relations to each other. In contrast, studies on the human DCN have found a less distinct laminar organization and fewer cell types, although there has been disagreement among studies in how to characterize laminar organization and which of the cell types identified in other animals are also present in humans. We have reexamined DCN organization in the human using immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of several proteins that have been useful in delineating the neurochemical organization of other brainstem structures in humans: nonphosphorylated neurofilament protein (NPNFP), nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and three calcium‐binding proteins. The results for humans suggest a laminar organization with only two layers, and the presence of large projection neurons that are enriched in NPNFP. We did not observe evidence in humans of the inhibitory interneurons that have been described in the cat and rodent DCN. To compare humans and other animals directly we used immunohistochemistry to examine the DCN in the macaque monkey, the cat, and three rodents. We found similarities between macaque monkey and human in the expression of NPNFP and nNOS, and unexpected differences among species in the patterns of expression of the calcium‐binding proteins. Anat Rec, 297:1865–1884, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MOLECULAR CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SID‐1‐LIKE GENE IN Plutella xylostella
Authors: Wang Huidong , Gong Liang , Qi Jiangwei , Hu Meiying , Zhong Guohua , Gong Liang
Published: August 2014

RNA interference (RNAi) signal can spread from the point where the double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) was initially applied to other cells or tissues. SID‐related genes in Caenorhabditis elegans help in the spreading of this signal. However, the mechanisms of systemic RNAi are still not unveiled in insects. In this study, we cloned a full‐length cDNA of sid‐1‐like gene, Pxylsid‐1, from Plutella xylostella that contains 1,047 bp opening reading frame encoding a putative protein of 348 amino acids. This transcript is very much similar to the sil‐1 in Bombyx mori (68.8%). The higher expression levels of Pxylsid‐1 were found at the adult and fourth‐instar stages compared to the second‐instar stage with 21.48‐ and 10.36‐fold increase, respectively. Its expression levels in different tissues were confirmed with the highest expression in the hemolymph, which showed 21.09‐fold increase than the midgut; however it was lower in other tissues. The result of RNAi by feeding bacterially expressed dsRNA targeting Pxylace‐1, which showed that the mRNA level of Pxylace‐1 decreased by 34.52 and 64.04% after 36‐ and 72‐h treatment, respectively. However, the mRNA level of Pxylsid‐1 was not significantly induced when the Pxylace‐1 was downregulated. Furthermore, we found that downregulation of Pxylsid‐1 did not affect the RNAi effect of Pxylace‐1. Hence, the Pxylsid‐1 may not be involved in absorption of dsRNA from the midgut fluid. A further study is needed to uncover the function of Pxylsid‐1.
Assessing the Condition of the Rock Mass over the Tunnel of Eupalinus in Samos (Greece) using both Conventional Geophysical Methods and Surface to Tunnel Electrical Resistivity Tomography
Authors: Tsokas Gregory N. , Tsourlos Panagiotis I. , Kim Jung‐Ho , Papazachos Constantinos B. , Vargemezis George , Bogiatzis Petros
Published: August 2014

The surviving Tunnel of Eupalinus comprises one of the greatest engineering achievements of ancient Greeks. The tunnel itself (1036 m long) was carved in the sixth century bc through solid rock by digging from both ends and advancing to the central meeting position. The method for achieving the meeting of the two simultaneously advancing branches is still unclear. The ancient lining shows damage, indicating instability of the rock mass, presumably due to tectonic action. At certain points, the damage becomes more severe and partial collapses are observed. Therefore, the monument is threatened and measures have to be undertaken to restore its stability and secure the safety of future visitors. The geophysical investigations reported here comprise part of a geotechnical study. The aim of the geophysical survey was to image the subsurface from the ground surface to the ceiling of the tunnel and, if possible, thereby provide information on the quality of the rock mass. A variety of well‐established methods (VLF, self‐potential, seismic refraction and electrical resistivity tomography) were used for this purpose, and also the relatively novel measuring approach of laying out electrodes in a ‘tunnel to surface’ mode. The latter method was an attempt for achieving tomographic imaging of the rock mass over the tunnel. Finally, the results of all the methods applied were combined and integrated in order to assess the tectonic regime above the Eupalinean Tunnel. Fractures and shear zones were detected and imaged. Further, the elastic moduli were determined at specific spots. In general, the geophysical interpretation matches well with the visible manifestations of the instabilities of the rock and provides clues for explaining their origin. The ‘surface to tunnel’ imaging provided increased resolution, which was a great advantage. Additionally, it is concluded that the construction of the tunnel was chiefly a product of survey method rather than consideration of geological factors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.