bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Temperature-Dependent Mechanical Properties for SWCNT/Cu Nanocomposite Metamaterials: A Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Zhang Hai-Ning , Fan Yin , Shen Hui-Shen
Published: June 2023

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is a promising candidate for strengthening nanocomposite. As the matrix of nanocomposite, a single crystal of copper is designed to be in-plane auxetic along the crystal orientation [1 1 0]. In that way, the nanocomposite could also be auxetic when enhanced by (7, 2) a single-walled carbon nanotube with relatively small in-plane Poisson’s ratio. A series of molecular dynamics (MD) models of the nanocomposite metamaterial are then established to study mechanical behaviors of the nanocomposite. In the modelling, the gap between copper and SWCNT is determined following the principle of crystal stability. The enhanced effect for different content and temperature in different directions is discussed in detail. This study provides a complete set of mechanical parameters of nanocomposite including thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) from 300 K to 800 K for five weight fractions, which is essential for a wide range of applications of auxetic nanocomposites in the future.
Assessment of the Health Status of Spanish Schoolchildren Based on Nutrimetry, Lifestyle and Intestinal Parasites
Authors: Tapia-Veloz Estephany , Guillén Marisa , Trelis María , Carpio-Arias Tannia Valeria , Gozalbo Mónica
Published: June 2023

Malnutrition in Spanish schoolchildren, and its relationship with lifestyles, has been studied, but Nutrimetry (a nutritional status indicator), and data on intestinal parasitism and its risk factors, have never before been taken into account. A total of 206 children aged 3–11 years, from two schools in the Valencian Community, participated. Demographic characteristics, diet, lifestyles, behavioural habits and anthropometric (weight, height) and coproparasitological data were collected. Nutrimetry was used to analyse nutritional status. Statistical analyses were performed to ascertain associations between lifestyle, selected parasite species and nutritional status. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the strength of the association of the suspected risk factors with the presence of intestinal parasitism. The prevalence of overweight was 32.6%. A total of 43.9% had a high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, for which mean daily intake was 2428.7 kcal. Intestinal parasitism was identified in 49.5% of the children (Giardia duodenalis: 28.6%). The source of drinking water was found to be a risk factor for intestinal parasitism. No positive association between the variables analysed and nutritional status could be confirmed. Nutrimetry is a good indicator for a complete analysis of nutritional status. It highlights the prevalence of overweight. Intestinal parasitism was identified in almost half of the participants and is a variable that should not be underestimated.
Do Patients Benefit from Micronutrient Supplementation following Pancreatico-Duodenectomy?
Authors: Phillips Mary E. , Hart Kathryn H. , Frampton Adam E. , Robertson M. Denise
Published: June 2023

Pancreatico-duodenectomy (PD) includes resection of the duodenum and use of the proximal jejunum in a blind loop, thus reducing the absorptive capacity for vitamins and minerals. Several studies have analysed the frequency of micronutrient deficiencies, but there is a paucity of data on those taking routine supplements. A retrospective review of medical notes was undertaken on 548 patients under long-term follow-up following PD in a tertiary hepato-pancreatico-biliary centre. Data were available on 205 patients from 1–14 years following PD, and deficiencies were identified as follows: vitamin A (3%), vitamin D (46%), vitamin E (2%), iron (42%), iron-deficiency anaemia (21%), selenium (3%), magnesium (6%), copper (1%), and zinc (44%). Elevated parathyroid hormone was present in 11% of cases. There was no significant difference over time (p > 0.05). Routine supplementation with a vitamin and mineral supplement did appear to reduce the incidence of biochemical deficiency in vitamin A, vitamin E, and selenium compared to published data. However, iron, vitamin D, and zinc deficiencies were prevalent despite supplementation and require surveillance.
Bis-Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids Inhibit Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus by Disrupting Virus Entry
Authors: Zhang Caisheng , Chen Huan , Sun Liumei , Zhao Pu , Qi Chuanxiang , Yang Ying , Si Anqi , Qian Yingjuan , Jung Yong-Sam
Published: June 2023

The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), belonging to the α-coronavirus, is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED). Presently, protection from the existing PEDV vaccine is not effective. Therefore, anti-PEDV compounds should be studied. Berbamine (BBM), Fangchinoline (FAN), and (+)-Fangchinoline (+FAN), are types of bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids that are extracted from natural medicinal plants. These bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids have various biological activities, including antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we found that BBM, FAN, and +FAN suppressed PEDV activity with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 9.00 µM, 3.54 µM, and 4.68 µM, respectively. Furthermore, these alkaloids can decrease the PEDV-N protein levels and virus titers in vitro. The time-of-addition assay results showed that these alkaloids mainly inhibit PEDV entry. We also found that the inhibitory effects of BBM, FAN, and +FAN on PEDV rely on decreasing the activity of Cathepsin L (CTSL) and Cathepsin B (CTSB) by suppressing lysosome acidification. Taken together, these results indicated that BBM, FAN, and +FAN were effective anti-PEDV natural products that prevented PEDV entry and may be considered novel antiviral drugs.
Dose-Dependent Inhibitory Effect of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum on Streptococcus mutans-Candida albicans Cross-Kingdom Microorganisms
Authors: Bao Jianhang , Huang Xinyan , Zeng Yan , Wu Tong Tong , Lu Xingyi , Meng Gina , Ren Yanfang , Xiao Jin
Published: June 2023

Dental caries is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are two major pathogens associated with dental caries. Several recent studies revealed that Lactobacillus plantarum inhibits S. mutans and C. albicans in biofilms and in a rodent model of dental caries. The aim of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effect of L. plantarum against S. mutans and C. albicans in a planktonic model that simulated a high-caries-risk clinical condition. Mono-, dual-, and multi-species models were utilized, with five doses of L. plantarum (ranging from 1.0 × 104 to 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL). Real-time PCR was used to assess the expression of the virulence genes of C. albicans and S. mutans and the genes of L. plantarum. Student’s t-tests and one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc tests, were employed to compare the cell viability and gene expression among groups. A dose-dependent inhibition on C. albicans and S. mutans was observed with increased dosages of L. plantarum. L. plantarum at 108 CFU/mL demonstrated the highest antibacterial and antifungal inhibitory effect in the dual- and multi-species models. Specifically, at 20 h, the growth of C. albicans and S. mutans was suppressed by 1.5 and 5 logs, respectively (p < 0.05). The antifungal and antibacterial effects were attenuated in lower doses of L. plantarum (104–107 CFU/mL). The expression of C. albicans HWP1 and ECE 1 genes and S. mutans lacC and lacG genes were significantly downregulated with an added 108 CFU/mL of L. plantarum (p < 0.05). The addition of 108 CFU/mL L. plantarum further inhibited the hyphae or pseudohyphae formation of C. albicans. In summary, L. plantarum demonstrated dose-dependent antifungal and antibacterial effects against C. albicans and S. mutans. L. plantarum emerged as a promising candidate for the creation of novel antimicrobial probiotic products targeting dental caries prevention. Further research is warranted to identify the functional metabolites produced by L. plantarum at different dosages when interacting with C. albicans and S. mutans.
Isolation, Purification, and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula and Their Anti-Tumor Bioactivity by Immunomodulation
Authors: Li Nan , Xiong Ying-Xia , Ye Fan , Jin Bing , Wu Jin-Jia , Han Miao-Miao , Liu Tian , Fan Yi-Kai , Li Cun-Yu , Liu Jiu-Shi , Zhang Ying-Hua , Sun Gui-Bo , Zhang Yun , Dong Zheng-Qi
Published: June 2023

The activity of polysaccharides is usually related to molecular weight. The molecular weight of polysaccharides is critical to their immunological effect in cancer therapy. Herein, the Codonopsis polysaccharides of different molecular weights were isolated using ultrafiltration membranes of 60- and 100-wDa molecular weight cut-off to determine the relationship between molecular weight and antitumor activities. First, three water-soluble polysaccharides CPPS-I (<60 wDa), CPPS-II (60–100 wDa), and CPPS-III (>100 wDa) from Codonopsis were isolated and purified using a combination of macroporous adsorption resin chromatography and ultrafiltration. Their structural characteristics were determined through chemical derivatization, GPC, HPLC, FT–IR, and NMR techniques. In vitro experiments indicated that all Codonopsis polysaccharides exhibited significant antitumor activities, with the tumor inhibition rate in the following order: CPPS-II > CPPS-I > CPPS-III. The treatment of CPPS-II exhibited the highest inhibition rate at a high concentration among all groups, which was almost as efficient as that of the DOX·HCL (10 μg/mL) group at 125 μg/mL concentration. Notably, CPPS-II demonstrated the ability to enhance NO secretion and the antitumor ability of macrophages relative to the other two groups of polysaccharides. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that CPPS-II increased the M1/M2 ratio in immune system regulation and that the tumor inhibition effect of CPPS-II + DOX was superior to that of DOX monotherapy, implying that CPPS-II + DOX played a synergistic role in regulating the immune system function and the direct tumor-killing ability of DOX. Therefore, CPPS-II is expected to be applied as an effective cancer treatment or adjuvant therapy.
Pharmacological Approaches to Modulate the Scarring Process after Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Collotta Debora , Colletta Simona , Carlucci Virginia , Fruttero Claudia , Fea Antonio Maria , Collino Massimo
Published: June 2023

Glaucoma is an acquired optic neuropathy that results in a characteristic optic nerve head appearance and visual field loss. Reducing the IOP is the only factor that can be modified, and the progression of the disease can be managed through medication, laser treatment, or surgery. Filtering procedures are used when target pressure cannot be obtained with less invasive methods. Nevertheless, these procedures require accurate control of the fibrotic process, which can hamper filtration, thus, negatively affecting the surgical success. This review explores the available and potential pharmacological treatments that modulate the scarring process after glaucoma surgery, analyzing the most critical evidence available in the literature. The modulation of scarring is based on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), mitomycin, and 5-fluorouracil. In the long term, the failure rate of filtering surgery is mainly due to the limitations of the current strategies caused by the complexity of the fibrotic process and the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of the drugs that are currently in use. Considering these limitations, new potential treatments were investigated. This review suggests that a better approach to tackle the fibrotic process may be to hit multiple targets, thus increasing the inhibitory potential against excessive scarring following surgery.
Propolis as a Cariostatic Agent in Lozenges and Impact of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Propolis
Authors: Kurek-Górecka Anna , Ramos Paweł , Kłósek Małgorzata , Bobela Elżbieta , Czuba Zenon P. , Balwierz Radosław , Olczyk Paweł
Published: June 2023

Propolis is known as a source of compounds with strong antibacterial activity. Due to the antibacterial effect against streptococci of the oral cavity, it seems to be a useful agent in decreasing the accumulation of dental plaque. It is rich in polyphenols which are responsible for a beneficial impact on the oral microbiota and antibacterial effect. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Polish propolis against cariogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined on cariogenic streptococci related to the occurrence of dental caries. Lozenges based on xylitol, glycerin, gelatin, water, and ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) were prepared. The effect of prepared lozenges on cariogenic bacteria was assessed. Propolis was compared to chlorhexidine which is used in dentistry as the gold standard. In addition, the prepared propolis formulation was stored under stress conditions to assess the influence of physical conditions (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, and UV radiation). In the experiment, thermal analyses were also performed to evaluate the compatibility of propolis with the substrate used to create the base of lozenges. The observed antibacterial effect of propolis and prepared lozenges with EEP may suggest directing subsequent research on prophylactic and therapeutic properties decreasing the accumulation of dental plaque. Therefore, it is worth highlighting that propolis may play an important role in the management of dental health and bring advantages in preventing periodontal diseases and caries as well as dental plaque. The colorimetric analyses carried out in the CIE L*a*b* system, microscopic examinations, and TGA/DTG/c-DTA measurements indicate the unfavorable effect of the tested storage conditions on the lozenges with propolis. This fact is particularly evident for lozenges stored under stress conditions, i.e., 40 °C/75% RH/14 days, and lozenges exposed to UVA radiation for 60 min. In addition, the obtained thermograms of the tested samples indicate the thermal compatibility of the ingredients used to create the formulation of lozenges.
Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Mediated Transduction of Mouse Nasal Cells with FOXP3 Protein Alleviates Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Miwa Toru , Takemiya Yumi , Amesara Kazuki , Kawai Hiroko , Teranishi Yuichi
Published: June 2023

Intranasal corticosteroids are effective medications against allergic rhinitis (AR). However, mucociliary clearance promptly eliminates these drugs from the nasal cavity and delays their onset of action. Therefore, a faster, longer-lasting therapeutic effect on the nasal mucosa is required to enhance the efficacy of AR management. Our previous study showed that polyarginine, a cell-penetrating peptide, can deliver cargo to nasal cells; moreover, polyarginine-mediated cell-nonspecific protein transduction into the nasal epithelium exhibited high transfection efficiency with minimal cytotoxicity. In this study, poly-arginine-fused forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) protein, the “master transcriptional regulator” of regulatory T cells (Tregs), was administered into the bilateral nasal cavities of the ovalbumin (OVA)-immunoglobulin E mouse model of AR. The effects of these proteins on AR following OVA administration were investigated using histopathological, nasal symptom, flow cytometry, and cytokine dot blot analyses. Polyarginine-mediated FOXP3 protein transduction induced Treg-like cell generation in the nasal epithelium and allergen tolerance. Overall, this study proposes FOXP3 activation-mediated Treg induction as a novel and potential therapeutic strategy for AR, providing a potential alternative to conventional intranasal drug application for nasal drug delivery.
Use of Poly Lactic-co-glycolic Acid Nano and Micro Particles in the Delivery of Drugs Modulating Different Phases of Inflammation
Authors: Puricelli Chiara , Gigliotti Casimiro Luca , Stoppa Ian , Sacchetti Sara , Pantham Deepika , Scomparin Anna , Rolla Roberta , Pizzimenti Stefania , Dianzani Umberto , Boggio Elena , Sutti Salvatore
Published: June 2023

Chronic inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including apparently unrelated conditions such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis, and tumors, but the use of conventional anti-inflammatory drugs to treat these diseases is generally not very effective given their adverse effects. In addition, some alternative anti-inflammatory medications, such as many natural compounds, have scarce solubility and stability, which are associated with low bioavailability. Therefore, encapsulation within nanoparticles (NPs) may represent an effective strategy to enhance the pharmacological properties of these bioactive molecules, and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) NPs have been widely used because of their high biocompatibility and biodegradability and possibility to finely tune erosion time, hydrophilic/hydrophobic nature, and mechanical properties by acting on the polymer’s composition and preparation technique. Many studies have been focused on the use of PLGA-NPs to deliver immunosuppressive treatments for autoimmune and allergic diseases or to elicit protective immune responses, such as in vaccination and cancer immunotherapy. By contrast, this review is focused on the use of PLGA NPs in preclinical in vivo models of other diseases in which a key role is played by chronic inflammation or unbalance between the protective and reparative phases of inflammation, with a particular focus on intestinal bowel disease; cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, osteoarticular, and ocular diseases; and wound healing.
Effects of Different Pre-Cooling Methods on the Shelf Life and Quality of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Zhang Chi , Zhou Pengcheng , Mei Jun , Xie Jing
Published: June 2023

The strong wind pre-cooling (SWPC), ice water pre-cooling (IWPC), vacuum pre-cooling (VPC), natural convection pre-cooling (NCPC), and slurry ice pre-cooling (SIPC) techniques were used to pre-cool the fresh sweet corn (Zea mays L.), and then the pre-cooling treated sweet corn samples were stored at 4 °C for 28 days. During refrigeration, quality indicators, such as hardness, water loss, color, soluble solids content, and soluble sugar, were determined. In addition, oxidation indicators, such as peroxidase, catalase, ascorbic acid-peroxidase activity, and carotene content, were also measured. The results showed that the main problems of sweet corn during cold storage were water loss and respiration. The pre-cooling speed of SWPC is the fastest, and the latent heat of sweet corn can be removed in only 31 min. SWPC and IWPC could reduce the loss of fruit quality, maintain good color and hardness, inhibit the decrease of water, soluble solids, soluble sugars, and carotenoid contents, maintain balance between POD, APX, and CAT, and extend the shelf life of sweet corn. The shelf life of SWPC and IWPC corn reached 28 days, 14 days longer than SIPC and VPC treated samples, and 7 days longer than NCPC treated samples. Therefore, SWPC and IWPC are the appropriate methods to pre-cool the sweet corn before cold storage.
Wearable Pressure Sensor Using Porous Natural Polymer Hydrogel Elastomers with High Sensitivity over a Wide Sensing Range
Authors: Xiao Fan , Jin Shunyu , Zhang Wan , Zhang Yingxin , Zhou Hang , Huang Yuan
Published: June 2023

Wearable pressure sensors capable of quantifying full-range human dynamic motionare are pivotal in wearable electronics and human activity monitoring. Since wearable pressure sensors directly or indirectly contact skin, selecting flexible soft and skin-friendly materials is important. Wearable pressure sensors with natural polymer-based hydrogels are extensively explored to enable safe contact with skin. Despite recent advances, most natural polymer-based hydrogel sensors suffer from low sensitivity at high-pressure ranges. Here, by using commercially available rosin particles as sacrificial templates, a cost-effective wide-range porous locust bean gum-based hydrogel pressure sensor is constructed. Due to the three-dimensional macroporous structure of the hydrogel, the constructed sensor exhibits high sensitivities (12.7, 5.0, and 3.2 kPa−1 under 0.1–20, 20–50, and 50–100 kPa) under a wide range of pressure. The sensor also offers a fast response time (263 ms) and good durability over 500 loading/unloading cycles. In addition, the sensor is successfully applied for monitoring human dynamic motion. This work provides a low-cost and easy fabrication strategy for fabricating high-performance natural polymer-based hydrogel piezoresistive sensors with a wide response range and high sensitivity.
Use of Potential Immobilized Enzymes for the Modification of Liquid Foods in the Food Industry
Authors: Garcia-Quinto Ernestina , Aranda-Cañada Raquel , García-García Paz , Fernández-Lorente Gloria
Published: June 2023

Enzymes are complex proteins that carry out biochemical reactions. Apart from being necessary for life, they are used in numerous industrial processes, especially in the textile, pharmaceutical, food and chemical sectors. One of the longest-lived industries regarding the use of enzymes is the food industry. Enzymes have always been used, mainly in their free form, to obtain new products and to improve the organoleptic qualities in different industries, such as in dairy, fruit and vegetables, and beverages. However, today, immobilized enzymes are the focus of attention in the liquid food industry, as they offer numerous advantages, such as stabilization and reuse, which enable cost reduction.
Matrix Non-Structural Model and Its Application in Heat Exchanger Network without Stream Split
Authors: Li Dinghao , Wang Jingde , Sun Wei , Zhang Nan
Published: June 2023

Heat integration by a heat exchanger network (HEN) is an important topic in chemical process system synthesis. From the perspective of optimization, the simultaneous synthesis of HEN belongs to a mixed-integer and nonlinear programming problem. Both the stage-wise superstructure (SWS) model and the chessboard model are the most widely adopted and belong to structural models, in which a framework is assumed for stream matching, and the global optimal solution outside its feasible domain may be defined by the framework. A node-wise non-structural model (NW-NSM) is proposed to find more universal stream matching options, but it requires a mass of structural variables and extra multiple correction strategies. The aim of this paper is to develop a novel matrix non-structural model (M-NSM) for HEN without stream splits from the perspectives of global optimization methods and superstructure models. In the proposed M-NSM, the heat exchanger position order is quantized by matrix elements at each stream, and a HEN structure is initialized by the random generation of matrix elements. An approach for solving HEN problems based on a matrix real-coded genetic algorithm is employed in this model. The results show that M-NSM provides more flexibility to expand the search region for feasible solutions with higher efficiency than previous models.
Research on the Access Planning of SOP and ESS in Distribution Network Based on SOCP-SSGA
Authors: Jia Yuxin , Li Qiong , Liao Xu , Liu Linjun , Wu Jian
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a two-stage planning model for soft open point (SOP) and energy storage system (ESS) that considers the cost of faults in response to the current issue of SOP and ESS systems not considering the impact of SOP access on load transfer in the event of a fault in the distribution network. Firstly, considering the uncertainty of “PV-load”, typical scenarios of PV and load are constructed based on the clustering algorithm. Secondly, aiming at the economic performance of the distribution network and the capacity of PV access, a two-stage optimization model is established for the joint integration of SOP and ESS into the distribution network (normal and fault operation) under typical scenarios. The model is solved by using the second-order cone programming algorithm and steady-state genetic algorithm (SOCP-SSGA). Stage one involves planning for the integration capacity and location of SOP and ESS into the distribution network under each scenario within a period based on SOCP with the goal of minimizing economic costs. In stage two, the PV access capacity of the distribution network is optimized using SSGA with the goal of enhancing the PV accommodation capability. Finally, verification and analysis are conducted on an improved IEEE33 node system. The results show that when the system optimizes access to a group of SOP and ESS, the total economic cost is reduced by RMB 61,729 compared to random access, and the accessible PV capacity is increased by 0.5278 MW. Moreover, optimizing access to two sets of SOP and ESS can further reduce the total economic cost by RMB 107,048 compared to the optimized access group and increase accessible PV capacity by 1.5751 MW. Therefore, the proposed plan for SOP and ESS planning in this paper can significantly reduce the economic cost of distribution networks, enhance the absorption capacity of distributed photovoltaics, improve the voltage level of power grid operation, and, thereby, improve the economic and reliability of distribution network operation.
Development of a Continuous Process Chain for Selective Recovery and Purification of Rare Metals
Authors: Dobler Timo , Buchheiser Simon , Gaschler Thomas , Platzk Stefan , Kruggel-Emden Harald , Nirschl Hermann , Gleiß Marco
Published: June 2023

Solar cells, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have become more and more important in recent decades. Crucial components of such electronic devices include rare metals (e.g., indium and gallium), which are only available in limited quantities. In order to meet their rising demand in the coming years, recycling processes, especially those that enable selective recovery of the individual components, are steadily gaining in importance. One conceivable method is particle-loaded solvent extraction followed by mechanical processing. Therefore, we first investigated the possibility of recovering individual particle fractions from a multicomponent mixture on the basis of the surface properties. Both UV–Vis spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were used for evaluation. The conducted experiments showed, among other things, that the indium oxide content increased from 50% to 99% in a binary system and from 33% to 94% in a ternary compound. In addition, the purification of the separated particles was examined in detail. Using UV–Vis spectrometry, it was found that permeation washing of filter cakes is suitable for removing impurities and retrieving most of the solvent used. Based on the results of the conducted laboratory tests, we finally developed a concept for the continuous and selective recovery of rare metals.
Comparative Analysis of Paddy Harvesting Systems toward Low-Carbon Mechanization in the Future: A Case Study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Kahandage P. D. , Piyathissa S. D. S. , Ariesca Reza , Namgay  , Ishizaki Riaru , Kosgollegedara E. J. , Weerasooriya G. V. T. V. , Ahamed Tofael , Noguchi Ryozo
Published: June 2023

In this study, three paddy harvesting systems, manual harvesting of paddy (MHP), reaper harvesting of paddy (RHP), and combine harvesting of paddy (CHP), were evaluated considering field capacities, field efficiencies, time and fuel consumption, mechanization indices, greenhouse gas emissions, straw availability, and direct and indirect costs. Field experiments were conducted in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. The effective field capacity, field efficiency and fuel consumption of the combine harvester were 0.34 hah−1, 60.8%, and 34.1 Lha−1, respectively, and those of the paddy reaper were 0.185 hah−1, 58.2%, and 3.8 Lha−1, respectively. The total time consumed by MHP, RHP, and CHP were 76.05 hha−1, 39.76 hha−1, and 2.94 hha−1, respectively. The highest energy utilization was recorded by the CHP, at 1851.09 MJha−1, while MHP recorded the lowest at 643.20 MJha−1. The direct cost of the MHP was 1.50 and 1.52 times higher than those of the CHP and RHP, respectively. MHP recorded the lowest greenhouse gas emissions (32.94 kgCO2eqha−1), while CHP recorded the highest (176.29 kgCO2eqha−1). The RHP exhibited an intermediate level in all aspects. Although the CHP has higher field performance and direct costs, it has higher GHG emissions and indirect costs. Therefore, an optimum level of mechanization should be introduced for the long-term sustainability of both the environment and farming.
A Review of Third Generation Solar Cells
Authors: Shah N. , Shah A. A. , Leung P. K. , Khan S. , Sun K. , Zhu X. , Liao Q.
Published: June 2023

Third-generation solar cells are designed to achieve high power-conversion efficiency while being low-cost to produce. These solar cells have the ability to surpass the Shockley–Queisser limit. This review focuses on different types of third-generation solar cells such as dye-sensitized solar cells, Perovskite-based cells, organic photovoltaics, quantum dot solar cells, and tandem solar cells, a stacked form of different materials utilizing a maximum solar spectrum to achieve high power conversion efficiency. Apart from these solar cells, other third-generation technologies are also discussed, including up-conversion, down-conversion, hot-carrier, and multiple exciton. This review provides an overview of the previous work in the field, alongside an introduction to the technologies, including their working principles and components. Advancements made in the different components and improvements in performance parameters such as the fill factor, open circuit voltage, conversion efficiency, and short-circuit current density are discussed. We also highlight the hurdles preventing these technologies from reaching commercialization.
A New Blind Selection Approach for Lunar Landing Zones Based on Engineering Constraints Using Sliding Window
Authors: Liu Hengxi , Wang Yongzhi , Wen Shibo , Liu Jianzhong , Wang Jiaxiang , Cao Yaqin , Meng Zhiguo , Zhang Yuanzhi
Published: June 2023

Deep space exploration has risen in interest among scientists in recent years, with soft landings being one of the most straightforward ways to acquire knowledge about the Moon. In general, landing mission success depends on the selection of landing zones, and there are currently few effective quantitative models that can be used to select suitable landing zones. When automatic landing zones are selected, the grid method used for data partitioning tends to miss potentially suitable landing sites between grids. Therefore, this study proposes a new engineering-constrained approach for landing zone selection using LRO LOLA-based slope data as original data based on the sliding window method, which solves the spatial omission problem of the grid method. Using the threshold ratio, mean, coefficient of variation, Moran’s I, and overall rating, this method quantifies the suitability of each sliding window. The k-means clustering algorithm is adopted to determine the suitability threshold for the overall rating. The results show that 20 of 22 lunar soft landing sites are suitable for landing. Additionally, 43 of 50 landing sites preselected by the experts (suitable landing sites considering a combination of conditions) are suitable for landing, accounting for 90.9% and 86% of the total number, respectively, for a window size of 0.5° × 0.5°. Among them, there are four soft landing sites: Surveyor 3, 6, 7, and Apollo 15, which are not suitable for landing in the evaluation results of the grid method. However, they are suitable for landing in the overall evaluation results of the sliding window method, which significantly reduces the spatial omission problem of the grid method. In addition, four candidate landing regions, including Aristarchus Crater, Marius Hills, Moscoviense Basin, and Orientale Basin, were evaluated for landing suitability using the sliding window method. The suitability of the landing area within the candidate range of small window sizes was 0.90, 0.97, 0.49, and 0.55. This indicates the capacity of the method to analyze an arbitrary range during blind landing zone selection. The results can quantify the slope suitability of the landing zones from an engineering perspective and provide different landing window options. The proposed method for selecting lunar landing zones is clearly superior to the gridding method. It enhances data processing for automatic lunar landing zone selection and progresses the selection process from qualitative to quantitative.
A Global Structure and Adaptive Weight Aware ICP Algorithm for Image Registration
Authors: Cao Lin , Zhuang Shengbin , Tian Shu , Zhao Zongmin , Fu Chong , Guo Yanan , Wang Dongfeng
Published: June 2023

As an important technology in 3D vision, point-cloud registration has broad development prospects in the fields of space-based remote sensing, photogrammetry, robotics, and so on. Of the available algorithms, the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm has been used as the classic algorithm for solving point cloud registration. However, with the point cloud data being under the influence of noise, outliers, overlapping values, and other issues, the performance of the ICP algorithm will be affected to varying degrees. This paper proposes a global structure and adaptive weight aware ICP algorithm (GSAW-ICP) for image registration. Specifically, we first proposed a global structure mathematical model based on the reconstruction of local surfaces using both the rotation of normal vectors and the change in curvature, so as to better describe the deformation of the object. The model was optimized for the convergence strategy, so that it had a wider convergence domain and a better convergence effect than either of the original point-to-point or point-to-point constrained models. Secondly, for outliers and overlapping values, the GSAW-ICP algorithm was able to assign appropriate weights, so as to optimize both the noise and outlier interference of the overall system. Our proposed algorithm was extensively tested on noisy, anomalous, and real datasets, and the proposed method was proven to have a better performance than other state-of-the-art algorithms.
A Novel Optimization Strategy of Sidelobe Suppression for Pulse Compression Weather Radar
Authors: Hu Jiaqi , Dong Xichao , Tian Weiming , Hu Cheng , Feng Kai , Lu Jun
Published: June 2023

The solid-state transmitters are widely adopted for weather radars, where pulse compression is operated to provide the required sensitivity and range resolution. Therefore, effective sidelobe suppression strategies must be employed, especially for weather observation. Currently, many methods can suppress the sidelobe to a very low level in the case of point targets or uniformly distributed targets. However, in strong convection weather process, the weather echo amplitude lies in a wide dynamic range and the main lobe of weak target is prone to being contaminated by the sidelobe of strong target, causing the degradation of weather fundamental data estimation, even generating artifacts and affecting the quantitative precipitation evaluation. In this paper, we propose a novel strategy which is the further processing of a general pulse compression radar to mitigate the effects of sidelobes. The proposed method is called the predominant component extraction (PCE), in which the re-weighting processing is operated after pulse compression, and then the echo of each bin is optimized and its energy will approach the real targets in each bin. It can improve the estimation of weak signals or even eliminate the artifact at the edge of the scene. Numerical simulation experiments and real-data verifications are implemented to validate the feasibility and superiority. It is noted that the proposed method has no requirement on the transmitted waveform and can be realized only by adding a step after pulse compression in the actual system.
A Framework for Retrieving Soil Organic Matter by Coupling Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing Images and Variable Selection in the Sanjiang Plain, China
Authors: Ma Haiyi , Wang Changkun , Liu Jie , Wang Xinyi , Zhang Fangfang , Yuan Ziran , Yao Chengshuo , Pan Xianzhang
Published: June 2023

Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important soil property for agricultural production. Rising grain demand has increased the intensity of cultivated land development in the Sanjiang Plain of China, and there is a strong demand for SOM monitoring in this region. Therefore, Baoqing County of the Sanjiang Plain, an important grain production area, was considered the study area. In the study, we proposed a framework for high-accuracy SOM retrieval by coupling multi-temporal remote sensing (RS) images and variable selection algorithms. A total of 73 surface soil samples (0–20 cm) were collected in 2010, and Landsat 5 images acquired during the bare soil period (April, May, and June) were selected from 2008 to 2011. Three variable selection algorithms, namely, Genetic Algorithm, Random Frog and Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling (CARS), were combined with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) to build SOM retrieval models on the spectral bands and indices of the images. The results using a single-date image showed that the combination of variable selection algorithms and PLSR outperformed using PLSR alone, and CARS showed the best performance (R2 = 0.34, RMSE = 15.66 g/kg) among all the algorithms. Therefore, only CARS was applied to SOM retrieval in the different year interval groups. To investigate the effect of the image acquisition time, all images were divided into various year interval groups, and the resulting images were then stacked. The results using multi-temporal images showed that the SOM retrieval accuracy improved as the year interval lengthened. The optimal result (R2 = 0.59, RMSE = 11.81 g/kg) was obtained from the 2008–2011 group, wherein the difference indices derived from the images of 2009, 2010, and 2011 dominated the selected spectral variables. Moreover, the spatial prediction of SOM based on the optimal model was consistent with the distribution of SOM. Our study suggested that the proposed framework that couples stacked multi-temporal RS images with variable selection algorithms has potential for SOM retrieval.
Effects of Organic Selenium and Probiotic Supplementation on the Performance of Indigenous and Crossbred Dairy Cows during Summer in the Tropics
Authors: Kumar Kaushalendra , Sinha Ravi Ranjan Kumar , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Kishor Amrendra , Kumar Pramod , Chauhan Surinder Singh , Kumar Ravindra
Published: June 2023

The aim of the present study was to establish the influence of organic selenium and a yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in combination on animal performance, physiological status, milk production and blood metabolites in indigenous and crossbred dairy cows during hot-humid climatic conditions in tropics. A total of 18 indigenous dairy cows and 18 crossbred dairy cows were divided into two groups(control and treatment) containing 9 cows each based on parity and milk yield for a period of 45 days. The control group were fed on a basal diet comprising a concentrate mix, wheat straw, and multi-cut sorghum greens, while the treatment group were offered basal rations supplemented with organic selenium (4 g/d) along with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1010 CFU/g; 4 g/d). There were no significant changes found in feed intake, body weight and animal physiology; however, better feed efficiency was recorded in both of the treatment groups, irrespective of breed variation. There was a non-significant increase in milk yield recorded in both treatment groups in comparison with the control. Similarly, no significant effects were observed on the haemato-biochemical profile in both animal types. Hence, it can be concluded that the supplementation of organic selenium and probiotics in combination to indigenous and crossbred dairy cattle moderately improved feed efficiency and overall performance without affecting metabolic status under heat stress conditions in the tropics.
Adaptive Cruise System Based on Fuzzy MPC and Machine Learning State Observer
Authors: Guo Jianhua , Wang Yinhang , Chu Liang , Bai Chenguang , Hou Zhuoran , Zhao Di
Published: June 2023

Under the trend of vehicle intelligentization, many electrical control functions and control methods have been proposed to improve vehicle comfort and safety, among which the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system is a typical example. However, the tracking performance, comfort and control robustness of the ACC system need more attention under uncertain environments and changing motion states. Therefore, this paper proposes a hierarchical control strategy, including a dynamic normal wheel load observer, a Fuzzy Model Predictive Controller and an integral-separate PID executive layer controller. Firstly, a deep learning-based dynamic normal wheel load observer is added to the perception layer of the conventional ACC system and the observer output is used as a prerequisite for brake torque allocation. Secondly, a Fuzzy Model Predictive Control (fuzzy-MPC) method is adopted in the ACC system controller design, which establishes performance indicators, including tracking performance and comfort, as objective functions, dynamically adjusts their weights and determines constraint conditions based on safety indicators to adapt to continuously changing driving scenarios. Finally, the executive controller adopts the integral-separate PID method to follow the vehicle’s longitudinal motion commands, thus improving the system’s response speed and execution accuracy. A rule-based ABS control method was also developed to further improve the driving safety of vehicles under different road conditions. The proposed strategy has been simulated and validated in different typical driving scenarios and the results show that the proposed method provides better tracking accuracy and stability than traditional techniques.
Unsupervised Learning-Based WSN Clustering for Efficient Environmental Pollution Monitoring
Authors: Tadros Catherine Nayer , Shehata Nader , Mokhtar Bassem
Published: June 2023

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been adopted in various environmental pollution monitoring applications. As an important environmental field, water quality monitoring is a vital process to ensure the sustainable, important feeding of and as a life-maintaining source for many living creatures. To conduct this process efficiently, the integration of lightweight machine learning technologies can extend its efficacy and accuracy. WSNs often suffer from energy-limited devices and resource-affected operations, thus constraining WSNs’ lifetime and capability. Energy-efficient clustering protocols have been introduced to tackle this challenge. The low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is widely used due to its simplicity and ability to manage large datasets and prolong network lifetime. In this paper, we investigate and present a modified LEACH-based clustering algorithm in conjunction with a K-means data clustering approach to enable efficient decision making based on water-quality-monitoring-related operations. This study is operated based on the experimental measurements of lanthanide oxide nanoparticles, selected as cerium oxide nanoparticles (ceria NPs), as an active sensing host for the optical detection of hydrogen peroxide pollutants via a fluorescence quenching mechanism. A mathematical model is proposed for the K-means LEACH-based clustering algorithm for WSNs to analyze the quality monitoring process in water, where various levels of pollutants exist. The simulation results show the efficacy of our modified K-means-based hierarchical data clustering and routing in prolonging network lifetime when operated in static and dynamic contexts.
System for Detecting Learner Stuck in Programming Learning
Authors: Oka Hiroki , Ohnishi Ayumi , Terada Tsutomu , Tsukamoto Masahiko
Published: June 2023

Getting stuck is an inevitable part of learning programming. Long-term stuck decreases the learner’s motivation and learning efficiency. The current approach to supporting learning in lectures involves teachers finding students who are getting stuck, reviewing their source code, and solving the problems. However, it is difficult for teachers to grasp every learner’s stuck situation and to distinguish stuck or deep thinking only by their source code. Teachers should advise learners only when there is no progress and they are psychologically stuck. This paper proposes a method for detecting when learners get stuck during programming by using multi-modal data, considering both their source code and psychological state measured by a heart rate sensor. The evaluation results of the proposed method show that it can detect more stuck situations than the method that uses only a single indicator. Furthermore, we implemented a system that aggregates the stuck situation detected by the proposed method and presents them to a teacher. In evaluations during the actual programming lecture, participants rated the notification timing of application as suitable and commented that the application was useful. The questionnaire survey showed that the application can detect situations where learners cannot find solutions to exercise problems or express them in programming.
“You Have No Idea How Much ‘Just Get the Shot’ Is Triggering Me”: Experiences of COVID-19 Vaccination in Individuals with Psychosis and Schizophrenia
Authors: Lyons Minna , Brewer Gayle
Published: June 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented those with experience of psychosis with a number of additional challenges. In the present study, we extend previous literature on this subject to explore experiences of COVID-19 vaccination in those with psychosis or schizophrenia. We analysed 38 posts from three popular Reddit sites for individuals with experiences of psychosis and schizophrenia. We employed reflexive, inductive thematic analysis and identified the following two themes: (i) facilitators for COVID-19 vaccination uptake, and (ii) barriers to COVID-19 vaccination uptake. The facilitators consisted of (i) trust in science/fact-checking, (ii) fear of the virus/vulnerable status/personal experience, (iii) help from trusted people, (iv) others becoming vaccinated, (v) rationalising fears/paranoia, and (vi) moral decision/contact with vulnerable people. The barriers consisted of (i) lack of trust (in doctors, government, science), (ii) psychosis about things inserted into the body/fear of adverse reactions, and (iii) and increased paranoia because of the coercive tone of discussions around the vaccination. It is clear that public health guidance can be problematic for individuals who have lived experience of psychosis. We recommend employing experts by experience in the design of public health campaigns that aim to reduce the fear around COVID-19 vaccinations.
The Gamma-Topp-Leone-Type II-Exponentiated Half Logistic-G Family of Distributions with Applications
Authors: Oluyede Broderick , Moakofi Thatayaone
Published: June 2023

The new Ristić and Balakhrisnan or Gamma-Topp-Leone-Type II-Exponentiated Half Logistic-G (RB-TL-TII-EHL-G) family of distributions is introduced and investigated in this paper. This work derives and studies some of the main statistical characteristics of this new family of distributions. The maximum likelihood estimation technique is used to estimate the model parameters, and a simulation study is used to assess the consistency of the estimators. Applications to three real-life datasets from various fields show the value and adaptability of the new RB-TL-TII-EHL-G family of distributions. From our results, it is evident that the new proposed distribution is flexible enough to characterize datasets from different fields compared to several other existing distributions in the literature.