bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actividad antifúngica in vitro de extractos crudos de Piper tuberculatum
Authors: Palacios Zahyda G.F. , Delgado Guillermo E. , Moreno Mario C. , Kato Massuo J. , Rojas Consuelo
Published: July 2014

Piper tuberculatum Jacq. (Piperaceae) is used in traditional Peruvian medicine as anti-inflammatory and disinfectant of wounds in humans and domestic animals. This species contains amides bearing isobutyl, pyrrolidine, dihydropyridone and piperidine moieties. The aim of this work was to investigate antifungal activity of crude extracts from the spikes, leaves and stems of wild plants extracted with CH2Cl2:MeOH (2:1), EtOH, decoction, and in vitro plants extracted with CH2Cl2:MeOH (2:1). The crude extracts showed antifungal activity on Trichophyton rubrum, Mycosporum canis y M. gypseum. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) observed with CH2Cl2:MeOH (2:1), EtOH and decoctions extracts against T. rubrum, M. canis and M. gypseum was 0,1 mg/mL for spikes and leaves, and 0,1 to 0,5 mg/mL for stems. The inhibition of growth using in vitro plants on T. rubrum and M. canis was 100% in 0,5 mg/mL, and 95% on M. gypseum 95% using 1,5 mg/mL of concentration.
Flora vascular y vegetación de los humedales de Puerto Viejo
Authors: La Torre María I. , Aponte Héctor
Published: July 2014

The present paper is the first list of vascular flora from the Puerto Viejo wetland, Cañete, Lima. A total of 32 species of vascular plants, grouped in 28 genera and 15 families were registered between March 2003 and July 2009. The Magnoliopsidae (Dicotyledoneae) was the dominant group with 20 taxa. The 34% of the taxa (11 species) are considered as introduced species.
Evaluación de la avifauna de la ciudad de La Paz, Bolivia
Authors: Martínez Omar , Olivera Manuel , Quiroga Carmen , Gómez Isabel
Published: July 2014

Since 1996 to 2003, we realized an inventory and obtained data on the natural history, trophic guilds and mi- gration patterns of the avifauna of La Paz (Bolivia), based on direct observation, random walks and captures with mist nets. A total of 136 species of birds in 30 localities of study were registered. Tyrannids, Emberizids and Furnariids were the families most representatives with 19, 16 and 15 species, respectively. Eighteen species of waterbirds and two species of passerine rush (called totorales) specialists as Tachuris rubigastra and Phleocryptes melanops, were registered. Two furnariids species (Cranioleuca henricae and Upucerthia harterti) were Bolivian endemics. We detected 57 species in some category of migrants. Unusual elevational movements were observed for five species (e.g. Pitangus sulphuratus, Pyrocephalus rubinus). Nineteen spe- cies were considered rare (e.g. Lesbia nuna, Poospiza boliviana). Insectivores and frugi-granivores were the trophic guilds most representatives between communities. The La Paz City Valley is one obligatory route for many latitudinal (neartic and austral) and altitudinal migrants birds, which arise from highland by the western and species of mountain forest (called Yungas) by the eastern.
Letalidad de hongos entomopatogenos sobre Dysdercus peruvianus (Hemiptera: Pirrhocoridae)
Authors: Falconi Francesca , Flores Aldo , Castellanos Pedro
Published: July 2014

We assessed the pathogenicity and virulence on Dysdercus peruvianus with a strain of Acremonium and one of Scopulariopsis isolated from infected adult D. peruvianus from Mala, Cañete, south of Lima. A strain of Beauveria sp., isolated from Schistocerca piceifrons peruviana from Ayacucho, was also evaluated. Bioassays were conducted on the fourth instar nymphs of D. peruvianus, and the concentrations used were 3,7 x108, 1,9 x108, 9,4 x107 conidia / mL for Beauveria sp., Acremonium sp. and Scopulariopsis sp. respectively. At 20 days after treatment, the highest mortality rates were caused by Beauveria sp. (83,3%) and Acremonium sp. (80%). Scopulariopsis sp. caused a mortality of 23,3%. Acremonium sp. was the more aggressive strain with a lethal time (LT50) of 3,8 days.
Expansión de la distribución de Nyctanassa violacea (Ardeidae: Aves) en Perú
Authors: Ugarte L. Mauricio , Tabini Alejandro , Cáceres Daniel
Published: July 2014

El presente trabajo reporta la expansión en la distribución del Huaco de Corona Amarilla Nyctanassa violacea en el Perú, en tres departamentos de la costa, entre el 2002 y el 2010, así como los nuevos reportes de nidificación. Se analizan las posibles causas de la dispersión de la especie en el Perú.
Varamiento de cetáceos en Tacna, Perú (2002-2010)
Authors: Pizarro-Neyra José
Published: July 2014

Stranded cetaceans in the coast of Tacna since April 2002 to January 2010 are reported in this work. The research was conducted in Tacna region, southern Perú. The fishing villages surveyed were: Los Palos, Vila-vila, Morro Sama and Ite. According with the results, the more abundant cetaceans in the strandings were: Phocoena spinipinnis (85%) and Tursiops truncatus (8%). Other identified species are Grampus griseus, Eubalaena australis and Physeter macrocephalus. The strandings of greater cetaceans were observed only in Los Palos, meanwhile, 80% of the all stranded animals were founded in Ite. The cause of stranding of some porpoises is due to the entanglement in nets of artisanal fisheries. The stranding of sperm-whale is linked with the anomalous values of superficial sea temperature.
Infestación por esparganos en ranas del genero Pristimantis (Anura, Strabomantidae) del Perú
Authors: Gomez-Puerta Luis A. , Chávez Germán , Enciso Marco A. , Mendoza Ana P.
Published: July 2014

In this study, we report the parasitism by sparganum of tapeworm Spirometra sp. in amphibians: Pristimantis nephophilus and Pristimantis rhodostichus, from the department of San Martin, Peru. We collected three filiform structures located at the subcutaneous and identified as sparganum. The finding of this metacestode is the first record in amphibians of Peru, and shows that frogs P. nephophilus and P. rhodostichus are new intermediate hosts for Spirometra sp.
Quiero ser citado
Authors: Romero Leonardo
Published: July 2014

After several years of being an editor, many of my bosses confuse the magazine with the editor, and it is common to hear things like “conference in charge of the magazine” or in conversations they turn to me to say “and why don't they quote you?” referring to the reason why Rev peru biol. It is not cited by other works. Taking advantage of this imbalance, in the following paragraphs I will embody the magazine and the editor, in the magical fusion in which some of my bosses imagine me.
Reproducción y dieta de una población de Mabuya dorsivittata (Squamata, Scincidae) en Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Aun Liliana , Borghi Damiana , Martori Ricardo
Published: July 2014

The reproduction and diet were studied in Mabuya dorsivittata a viviparous lizard from Alto Alegre (Córdoba). The smallest female with yolking ovarian follicles measured (svl) 41 mm, and the smallest male with spermatozoa in the testes measures (svl) 31mm. The litter size was from five to ten embryos. A positive and significant correlation existed between the weight of the eggs or embryos and the reproductive state (B = 0,524, R = 0,254, P 0,001). In males there was a positive and significant correlation between the testicular volume and the reproductive state (R2 = 0,851, b= 0,929, P= 0,002). The mass of fat bodies in females and males was related with the reproductive period, especially in the females, diminishing in the final phases of embryo development, indicating a high energetic cost during the last months of embryonic growth. Regarding the diet, females fed mainly on soil Araneae as fundamental prey, Scarabeidae, Araneae (others) and Acridiidae as secondary prey, whereas males fed on Isopoda, Acridiidae and Araneae as fundamental prey and on Tettigonidae as secondary prey. There were significant differences in trophic selection among sexes.
Necromasa de los bosques de Madre de Dios, Perú; una comparación entre bosques de tierra firme y de bajíos
Authors: Araujo-Murakami Alejandro , Parada Alexander G. , Terán Jeremy J. , Baker Tim R. , Feldpausch Ted R. , Phillips Oliver L. , Brienen Roel J.W.
Published: July 2014

Stocks of dead wood or necromass represent an important portion of biomass and nutrients in tropical forests. The objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate and compare the necromass of “terra firme” and lowlands forests, (2) to study the relationship between necromass, above-ground biomass and wood density, and (3) to estimate the necromass of the department of Madre de Dios, Peru. Stocks of necromass and above-ground biomass were estimated at three different locations using permanent plots and line intercept transects. The average volume of necromass for the three sites was 72.9 m3 ha-1 with an average weight varying between 24.8 and 30.7 Mg ha-1, depending on the estimations of dead wood density used for the calculations. Terra firme forests had significantly higher stocks of necromass than lowland forests. The amount of necromass was 11% of the total above-ground biomass in Madre de Dios forests. The total stock of carbon stored in dead wood for the entire department of Madre de Dios was estimated to be approximately 100 mega tonnes of carbon. This is ten times more than the annual fossil fuel emissions of Peru between 2000 and 2008. The substantial stocks of necromass emphasize the importance of these types of field studies, considering that this component of tropical forest carbon cannot be detected using other methods such as satellite remote sensing.
Presencia de Oncicola sp. (Acanthocephala) en Atelocynus microtis (Canidae) de la Reserva de Biosfera de Manu, Madre de Dios, Perú
Authors: Tantaleán Manuel , Chávez John
Published: July 2014

During a large survey of mammals and their parasites, which took place in the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Madre de Dios, Peru, two specimens of Atelocynus microtis, short eared dog, were captured from which some acanthocephalan specimens were collected. Albeit it was not possible to identify them up to species level basically due to their immature condition, all of them were diagnosed as members of the genus Oncicola Travassos, 1916.
Nuevos registros de digeneos en Podocnemis spp. (Testudines, Podocnemididae) de Iquitos, Perú
Authors: Tantaleán Manuel , Sánchez Nofre , Pineda Catalan Oscar
Published: July 2014

We obtained 8 digestive tract of the turtle Podocnemis expansa and 18 of P. unifilis from the Belen market (Iquitos, Peru). Only digeneans were studied and identified. Four species were found: Nematophila grandis (Diesing, 1839) Travassos, 1934, Halltrema avitellina Lent & Freitas, 1939, Podocnemitrema papillosum Alho & Vicente, 1964 and Telorchis hagmanni Lent & Freitas, 1937. Halltrema avitellina, Podocnemitrema papillosum and Telorchis hagmanni are new records from Peru.
Revisión de las especies peruanas de Sebdenia (Sebdeniales, Rhodophyta) y descripción de Cryptonemia anconensis sp. nov. (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Acleto Cesar , Zúñiga Reina
Published: July 2014

Seis especies de Sebdenia Berthold 1884 han sido registradas para la flora marina del Perú: Sebdenia afuerensis, S. chinchensis, S. heteronema, S. lapathifolia, S. limensis y S. polydactyla (Howe 1914, Dawson et al. 1964, Acleto 1980). En el presente estudio reevaluamos las especies peruanas de Sebdenia, basándonos en la observación de especímenes tipos y el material existente en el herbario San Marcos (USM). Concluimos que la única especie de Sebdenia es S. flabellata registrada antes como S. polydactyla, las cinco especies restantes corresponden al género Cryptonemia las que se describen e ilustran como combinaciones nuevas y como especie nueva a Cryptonemia anconensis.
Una nueva especie de Teagueia (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) del norte del Perú
Authors: Chocce Miguel , Vega Nanette , Acuña-Tarazona Margoth , Arnaiz Jorge , Millán Betty
Published: July 2014

A new species of Teagueia (Luer) Luer (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from the highlands of Northern Peru is described and illustrated with a black and white drawing. This species is the first record of genus Teagueia (Luer) Luer in Peru.
La familia Poaceae del distrito de Arahuay (Canta, Lima, Perú)
Authors: Gonzáles Paúl , Navarro Eduardo , La Torre María I. , Cano Asunción
Published: July 2014

We report for the low and half elevations of the Arahuay district (Canta, Lima, Perú), a total of 49 species of the family Poaceae, grouped in 28 genera, 14 tribes and four subfamilies. Poa is the most diverse genus with five species, followed by Eragrostis and Nassella with four species each one. The species Calamagrostis spiciformis, Chloris halophila, Lamprothyrsus peruvianus, Festuca glyceriantha, Lolium multiflorum and Poa supina are new reports for the department of Lima. We provide dichotomic keys for genera and species determination. Additional information about habitat, distribution and the studied material is provided for each species.
Diversidad del género Polylepis (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) en los Andes peruanos
Authors: Mendoza Wilfredo , Cano Asunción
Published: July 2014

This study provides information on the diversity of Peruvian species of Polylepis. Nineteen (19) species are reported here (more than 70% of the 27 species registered for the whole Andean region). As a result, Peru could be considered as the country with the largest diversity of Polylepis species, in comparison with Bolivia (13), Ecuador (7), Argentina (4), Colombia (3), Chile (2), and Venezuela (1). The species occur in 19 departments of Peru, with the majority of them in Cusco (10) and Ayacucho (8). Species diversity is mostly concentrated in the Peruvian southern Andes (15 species), with the region becoming the potential center of diversification of the genus Polylepis. Regarding their altitudinal distribution, the greatest diversity (18) is found between 3000 and 4000 m.
Ecología de Phyllodactylus angustidigitus y P. gerrhopygus (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) de la Reserva Nacional de Paracas, Perú
Authors: Pérez Z. José , Balta Katya
Published: July 2014

Until now, ecology of Phyllodactylus angustidigitus and P. gerrhopygus are unknown. In this work, we researched some aspects of P. angustidigitus and P. gerrhopygus niches at National Reserve of Paracas (RNP). We evaluated and compared: distribution, habitat use (spatial niche), activity patterns (temporal niche) and diet (trophic niche), all these aspects in both geckonids species. We estimated resource supply through pitfall traps. Paracas geckonid, P. angustidigitus, has been present in most of the RNP evaluated locations, and it was reported in desert and hills habitats. Southern geckonid, P. gerrhopygus, was reported only in Paracas peninsula and Sta. Cruz, in desert, hills and oasis habitats. Both species were founded in activity at night time. P. angustidigitus and P. gerrhopygus diet consisted in insects. The diet of these species shows a generalist behavior, caused by the trophic niche amplitude, and an opportunistic behavior, explained with similarity between diet composition and environment resource supply. Diet of both species was similar. Additionally the phylogenetic proximity between P. angustidigitus y P. gerrhopygus produces spatial niche similarities (habitat use) and temporal niche similarities (activity patterns) and trophic niche (diet). These important similarities in resources use can be derived in a potential competition of environmental resources between these simpatric geckonids. The information provided in this paper shows the need to design an appropriate strategy to ensure the conservation status of P. angustidigitus.
Hunting pressure on cracids (Cracidae: Aves) in forest concessions in Peru
Authors: Barrio Javier
Published: July 2014

The impact of timber exploitation on biodiversity is usually increased by hunting in the exploited area. Proper forest management practices on areas under commercial exploitation minimize hunting and damage to the forest. Large species of Cracidae, the most endangered family of birds in the Neotropics, are among the first to be affected in a Neotropical forest damaged by timber-extraction activities, and where at least moderate hunting occurs. Herein an assessment of cracids is carried out in three areas with selective logging in Peru in 2004 and 2005, is used to evaluate hunting pressure. Tree inventory trails were used as transects, and density was calculated using the line transect methodology. Four species of cracids were evaluated, and density was calculated for three of them. The area with lower hunting pressure, Maderyja, showed higher cracid diversity and was the only with the presence of razor-billed curassows (Mitu tuberosum) and blue-throated pining-guans (Pipile cumanensis), two sought-after prey species. Areas where hunting intensity is higher had lower cracid diversity. The density of the M. tuberosum was high in Maderyja: 11.3 ind/km2 (95% CI: 7.4 – 17.3 ind/km2). In contrast, Spix’s guan (Penelope jacquacu) did not show a marked difference among areas, unless compared to heavily hunted sites. The higher diversity of cracids and the density found for razor-billed curassows suggests Maderyja had low hunting pressure in the past and is properly managed towards wildlife. Currently, the Peruvian Amazon is being opened for forestry concessions and hydrocarbons exploitation and proper management towards wildlife is necessary to guarantee the conservation of susceptible taxa such as cracids.
Optimización del test de micronúcleos en linfocitos cultivados usando una metodología de gradiente y frotis
Authors: Castillo Erika , Guevara-Fujita María Luisa , Fujita Ricardo
Published: July 2014

The micronuclei test in lymphocyte culture is a validated procedure to study mutagenicity. It consists in detecting damaged interphasic nuclear material produced by chromosome fragmentation or nuclear division errors in 2000 binucleated cells with well defined cytoplasm. Standard protocol derives from blood chromosome preparation with hypotonic and fixing solutions as well as preparing slides by dropping fixed cells. We modified the protocol to improve the number and quality of micronuclei. First, lymphocytes are separated from red cells before culture. After 72 hours, hypotonic and repeated fixer washing steps are eliminated. Cells are put onto slides by spreading instead of dropping. With these modifications we obtained more (about 8 times per slide) and better defined binucleated cells to help micronuclei detection.
Métodos de inferencia filogenética
Authors: Peña Carlos
Published: July 2014

There are three methods commonly used in phylogenetic studies of systematic: i) Cladistics, using the principle of maximum parsimony (MP), ii) Maximum Likelihood (ML) and iii) Bayesian inference (BI). In recent years there has often using Neighbor-Joining method (NJ), which is not a phylogenetic approach; in the following lines I will explain briefly why it should not be used to infer phylogenetic relationships.
Buscando la calidad en un artículo científico
Authors: Romero Leonardo
Published: July 2014

The quality of scientific journal papers has been directly or indirectly sumitted to trials, reviews, analysis, meta-analysis, theories and other analyzes. However, the quality in practice it remains a problem, because not unknown how to do it, but the strong pressure of researchers, who use scientific publication as a justification for their activity. This situation would remain and in some cases strengthened in a scenario where institutions have a strong preference for a voluminous curriculum face substantial seminal papers.
Thalictrum peruvianum (Ranunculaceae), una especie nueva de Lima, Perú
Authors: Trinidad Huber , Cano Asunción , León Blanca
Published: July 2014

A new species, Thalictrum peruvianum H. Trinidad & A. Cano (Ranunculaceae), is described from central Peru. It is characterized for having very small and solitary flowers that born opposite to the leaves, and by winged stigma. These characters distinguish this new taxon from other South American species.
Tres nuevos registros de asteroideos (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) de Perú
Authors: Hooker Yuri , Solís-Marín Francisco A.
Published: July 2014

The aim of this work is to present three new shallow water (4 - >50 m) records of asteroids (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) for the Peruvian fauna: Astropecten regalis Gray, 1840, Paulia horrida Gray 1840 and Meyenaster gelatinosus (Meyen, 1834). Astropecten regalis geographical distribution is known that ranges from Gulf of California to Panama, this discovery extends its distribution to Mancora, Peru. Paulia horrida is known from Baja California to Isla Cocos, Costa Rica, and this record extends its southern distribution limit to Punta Sal, Peru. Meyenaster gelatinosus was considered endemic to Chilean waters, however, this record confirm its presence in Peru extending its northern distribution limit to San Juan de Marcona, Peru. Morphological and habitat information on this four species is provided, together with live pictures.
Estudio de la actividad fermentativa de Hansenula anomala y producción de compuestos químicos de importancia sensorial
Authors: Escalante Waldir Estela , Rychtera Mojmír , Melzoch Karel , Quillama Polo Elena , Sakoda Beatriz Hatta
Published: July 2014

Se ha estudiado la actividad fermentativa de Hansenula anomala RIVE 7-1-5 con el objetivo de evaluar la producción de compuestos químicos de importancia sensorial. Los resultados mostraron que fermenta bien monosacáridos y también sucrosa y maltosa. Su actividad fermentativa es inhibida a concentraciones de 100,0mg/L de metabisulfito de sodio en el medio. Además, es capaz de producir 5,81±0,1 % v/v de etanol. La agitación del medio de cultivo incrementa la producción de alcoholes superiores (679,2 mg/L) y etil acetato (206,0±8,0 mg/L), por el contrario disminuye la producción de ácido acético (196,0±7,0 mg/L). La producción de glicerol fue similiar tanto en cultivo estático (sin agitación) como agitado. Durante el cultivo batch en biorreactor a condiciones aireadas la tasa de crecimiento (μ) alcanzó el valor de 0,13 h-1 y se observó la producción de ácido acético hasta 4,2±0,3 g/L. La concentración de oxígeno en el medio afecta su metabolismo, así cantidades insuficientes de oxígeno provocaría un metabolismo respirofermentativo con la producción de etanol, alcoholes superiores, ésteres y ácido acético. El control de la aireación al medio de fermentación es una herramienta útil para controlar el balance entre la actividad respiratoria y fermentativa y así la síntesis de compuestos de importancia sensorial en la producción de bebidas fermentadas no tradicionales.
Inmunogenicidad del veneno de Bothrops atrox (Ophidia: Viperidae) y su evaluación por métodos inmunoenzimáticos
Authors: Sandoval Gustavo A. , Mendoza Julio , Roldán William , Espinoza Yrma , Solis Hilda , Yarlequé Armando
Published: July 2014

The immunogenicity of Bothrops atrox, “jergón”, venom was studied using ELISA and Western Blot methods, as well as cross-reactivity patterns against venoms of Bothrops brazili, Lachesis muta and Crotalus durissus. For this purpose, New Zealand white rabbits (2 kg aprox) were immunized with four 500 μg doses of B. atrox venom in a period of 90 days. Antibody production was followed using ELISA technique, and title of hiper-immune serum was determined at the end of immunization protocol. Additionally, electrophoretic patterns of venoms were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and venom reactivity against obtained serum by ELISA and Western Blot. Immunization schedule allowed a pronounced antibody production since day 20 of protocol. At the end of process, serum title was 256000, which demonstrated both efficacy and usefulness of the developed procedure. On the other hand, studied venoms showed a heterogenic protein composition according to their electrophoretic patterns, whereas cross-reactivity values of 23,7%, 4,0% and 1,8% were obtained between B. atrox venom and B. brazili, L. muta and C. durissus venoms, respectively, using immunoenzymatic methods. According to our results, this procedure constitutes an initial step for further assays directed to optimization in immunoserum production for envenoming treatment and development of kits for diagnosis and species identification of snakes.
Diagnóstico e identificación rápidos por PCR de Yersinia ruckeri aislada de Oncorhynchus mykiss procedentes de Canta, Lima, Perú
Authors: Sirvas-Cornejo Susana , Sánchez-Robinet Claudia Cecilia , Peña-Domínguez César
Published: July 2014

Twenty individuals of rainbow trout were sampled (fry and juveniles) from Acochinchan Fishfarm (Canta, Lima - Peru), and analyzed with the Polimerase Chain Reaction test (PCR ) in order to achieve a rapid identification of Yersinia ruckeri, which is the pathogen agent that causes the enteric red mouth disease (ERM) and produces high rates of mortality. Nine fish samples were asymptomatic, while 11 of them showed signs of ERM. In addition, 22 bacterial strains were isolated from the liver, spleen and kidney. PCR and specific primers (16S rRNA), were used to amplified a specific 575 bp DNA fragment of Yersinia ruckeri. Nineteen strains were identified as Yersinia ruckeri by PCR in symptomatic and asymptomatic fishes. It was established a diagnosis time of 26 hours, compared with the 2 or 3 days that would take the diagnosis using biochemical tests.
Efecto de la adición de materia orgánica sobre la dinámica poblacional bacteriana del suelo en cultivos de papa y maíz
Authors: García Ventocilla David , Mamani Gamarra Gloria , Román Cabello Nicolás , Suárez Salas Luis , Contreras Marín Ana , Malca Jauregui Julio
Published: July 2014

The effect of organic fertilization on soil bacterial populations in potato and corn crops during the crop season 2008-2009 at four sites in the Mantaro Valley locations: INIA Santa Ana (Huancayo), the EEA El Mantaro (Jauja), Vista Alegre and Huayao (both in Chupaca). In these places were set up experimental plots of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Canchan) and corn (Zea maize L. Var. Cusco enhanced) under organic manure (cattle, sheep, guinea pig), chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer at all (control) . To do this we used the techniques of electrophoresis Denaturing Gradient Gel (DGGE) with amplification of the region from 968 to 1401 of 16S rDNA. The results show that the variability of bacterial populations in soil is directly affected by crop type but not by the type of fertilization and the effect of the latter is variable for each experimental area and culture found only in the experimental area of Chupaca - Corn segregation of treatments with organic fertilization of chemical treatments. We have also found that the variation of the microbial communities did not suffer significant variations in soils with maize similarity coefficients obtained for all treatments above 80% while for the treatments in potato crops that rate was only 60%.
Optimización de los medios de propagación y enraizamiento in vitro de las variedades “criollas” de vid para elaborar pisco
Authors: González Eugenio , Pignataro Diego , Orjeda Gisella , Gonzáles Wilfredo L. , Clark Daniel
Published: July 2014

The protocols and culture media available for in vitro propagation and rooting of grapevine have not yet been adjusted to the creole varieties used for pisco making. In this paper we explored the use of culture media for the propagation of varieties Quebranta, Negra Criolla, Albilla, Italia and Torontel and for rooting varieties of Quebranta, Albilla and Torontel based on known standard culture media.To address this issue, 11 media derived from the standard propagation medium for grapevine (1X Murashige & Skoog medium, 3% sucrose, 1 mg/L benzilaminopurine, and 0,8% agar) with diminished medium strength and/or hormone concentration were tested. In addition, 5 concentrations of naphtalen acetic acid or indol acetic acid were tested for rooting. We found that Quebranta, Albilla, and Italia varieties show a better growth in the standard propagation medium; by contrast, Negra Criolla and Torontel grew better in media with diminished benzilaminopurine concentrations (0,25 and 0,5 mg/L, respectively). Quebranta rooted better with 80 μg/L naphtalen acetic acid or 2 mg/L indol acetic acid, while Albilla and Torontel showed better rooting results with 2 and 1 mg/L indol acetic acid, respectively.
Notes on the ecology of a relict population of the Lomas´s Lizard Microlophus tigris (Tropiduridae: Sauria) in Las Leyendas Zoological Park, (Lima, Peru)
Authors: Jordán Arizmendi Juan Carlos
Published: July 2014

I studied activity patterns, microhabitat use and thermal ecology of a small-wild population of the Loma’s lizard, Microlophus tigris in Parque Las Leyendas Zoo, from April to October of 2006. Microlophus tigris individuals were active in a variety of microhabitats, from bushes and vegetation debris to prehispanic bricks (adobes) and litter, during the hottest hour of the day. Mean body temperature (29,4 ºC) was similar to body temperature observed in a natural population from Lomas de Lachay, although in Parque de Las Leyendas, substrate temperature was higher than air temperature, probably related to thermal properties of materials used as microhabitats and to seasonal differences. We encouraged the Zoo to takes conservation measures to protect this endangered wild population of lizard in Lima city.
Notes on the ecology of Phyllodactylus reissi (Phyllodactylidae: Sauria) in Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape (Tumbes, Peru)
Authors: Jordán Arizmendi Juan Carlos
Published: July 2014

Some basics aspects on the ecology of the nocturnal gecko Phyllodactylus reissi from Parque Nacional Cerros de Amotape (Tumbes, Peru) are described. This species used rock boulders (57,4%) and trees (31,9%) as microhabitats primarily, exhibiting a nocturnal activity pattern, with a peak between 2100-2200 hours, remaining active until midnight. Body temperature (mean 24,4 ºC) was correlated with both air and substrate temperature, with the last variable affecting in higher degree (47%) the body temperature of this species. The slightly high body temperature of Phyllodactylus reissi, compared to other Phyllodactylus geckos, could be related to nocturnal microhabitat use and diurnal retreat site selection. More studies on lizard ecology from this endangered ecosystem are needed.
Extensión de la distribución del rango migratorio de la “Dormilona de Frente Negra”, Muscisaxicola frontalis (Aves: Tyrannidae) en el Perú
Authors: Alcocer Renzo , Servat Grace P. , Mendoza Wilfredo
Published: July 2014

We extent the migratory range of distribution and elevation of Muscisaxicola frontalis (Black-fronted Groundtyrant), Austral migrant reported previously only in the Southern region of the country. The species was observed in rocky slopes near Polylepis flavipilla (Rosaceae) woodlands at 4450 m of altitude, in the Huancavelica Department.
Primer registro de Crepidobothrium gerrardii (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) en el Perú
Authors: Gomez-Puerta Luis A.
Published: July 2014

It is the first record of cestode Crepidobothrium gerrardii in Peru, parasitizing the intestine of a boa constrictor (Boa constrictor) from Loreto. Four tapeworms were studied and identified as C. gerrardii.
Anatomy and physicochemical properties of the chambira fiber
Authors: Marín Manuel , Millán Betty , Kahn Francis
Published: July 2014

The anatomy of the unopened spear leaf of the chambira palm (Astrocaryum chambira), from which chambira fiber is extracted, is described and compared with that of three species (Astrocaryum jauari, occasionally used for fiber extraction, A. standleyanum and A. perangustatum, which do not provide any fiber). Chambira fiber consists of non-vascular fiber strands closely adhered to the adaxial hypodermis; this forms a compact unit, which makes it easy to separate from the rest of the lamina. A similar arrangement is found in Astrocaryum jauari; however, the non-vascular fiber cells are shorter and fewer per strand. Differences in leaf anatomy of Astrocaryum standleyanum and A. perangustatum may explain why fiber is not extracted: Astrocaryum standleyanum has a dense row of non-vascular fibrous strands under the adaxial hypodermis similar to Astrocaryum chambira but the large size of non-vascular fibrous strands that are located in the abaxial part of the mesophyll makes it difficult to properly extract fiber as is done with chambira. In Astrocaryum perangustatum, non-vascular fiber strands are small and irregularly dispersed in the mesophyll, which makes it impossible to extract quality fibers. Density, thickness and tensile strength are higher in chambira fiber than in jauari fiber. Chambira fiber presents a very high cellulose content (93.9%), while lignin content is low (4.2%). The ultrastructure of the cell wall of the non-vascular fiber is described for Astrocaryum chambira only. The major trait is a three-layered cell wall, with a notably thick inner layer. The physicochemical properties of chambira fiber are compared with other vegetal fibers used by the industry.
Notas sobre los visitadores florales de Seemannia sylvatica (Kunth) Hanstein (Gesneriaceae)
Authors: Cairampoma Lianka , Martel Carlos
Published: July 2014

Pollination in Gesneriaceae commonly is associated with syndromes of ornithophily or melittophily, and usually others visitors are robbers of nectar. We present a note about the fauna that visit the flowers of Seemannia sylvatica in Cusco, where hummingbirds and insects were recorded visiting the flowers. Based on floral characteristics and behavior of floral visitors, we suggest that the flowers of S. sylvatica present an ornithophily syndrome. Therefore, only hummingbirds are pollinators, while the insects are not involved in pollination and only steal nectar from flowers.
Diversidad de mamíferos y sus preferencias por los tipos de hábitats en la cuenca del río Alto Itaya, Amazonía peruana
Authors: Aquino Rolando , Tuesta Cinthya , Rengifo Edgardo
Published: July 2014

This report contains information about the diversity of mammals and preferences for habitat types in the upper Itaya river basin. For this purpose, censuses by transect were conducted and supplemented out censuses observations and with hunters interviews information. As a result of the study 48 species were recorded. Greater diversity was recorded in forest of heavily dissected low hill (Bcbfd). On the other hand, 20 species were shared among the three habitat types, while the highest similarity occurred between the forest of heavily dissected low hill (Bcbfd) and the forest of moderately dissected low hill (Bcbmd). Finally, the presence of indicator species as the primary community as Tapirus terrestris, Priodontes maximus, Lagothrix poeppigii and Tayassu pecari, indicate that the conservation status of wildlife in general is intermediate to high level.
Adiciones a la fauna de bivalvos del mar peruano
Authors: Paredes Carlos , Cardoso Franz , Romero Leonardo , Canales Remy
Published: July 2014

The following species of Bivalvia are recorded for the first time for Peruvian sea: Ennucula panamina (Dall, 1908), Nuculana (Nuculana) loshka, (Dall,1908), Saccella laeviradius (Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932), Liralucina approximata (Dall, 1901), Carditamera radiata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1833), Carditella (Carditella) naviformis (Reeve, 1843); Macoma (Psammacoma) elytrum Keen, 1958, Psammotreta (Psammotreta) pura (Gould, 1853), Sphenia fragilis (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854) y Caryocorbula amethystina Olsson, 1961. Se informa sobre la distribución, el hábitat y comentarios relevantes sobre cada una de las especies.
Fauna flebotomina (Diptera: Psychodidae) del estado Falcón, Venezuela
Authors: Cazorla Dalmiro J. , Morales Pedro
Published: July 2014

Composition, abundance and dispersion of phlebotomine sandfly fauna were studied in Falcon state, Venezuelan north-western region. The sandflies were collected by five methods in 41 localities between 0 to 1584 m. A total of 6273 specimens were collected, 17 species of Lutzomyia and 1 of Brumptomyia were identified. Of these, 10(55.56%) species are known to be anthropophilic. The predominant species was L. evansi (52.37%). The diversity and dispersion range of sandflies along an altitudinal transect, are presented. The significance of sandfly fauna in the transmission of leishmaniases in the Falcon state region is discussed.
Surrogacía taxonómica en bosque montano andino
Authors: Herrando Pérez Salvador , La Torre-Cuadros María de los Ángeles
Published: July 2014

Ecological surrogates are environmental or biotic proxies for biodiversity quantification. Their application circumvents logistic constraints and taxonomic voids to sample and identify species, and has become an important tool in conservation and management. In this study, we illustrate a surrogate method using multivariate ordinations, and we apply it to tree data from the Chanchamayo montane forest (Andes, Peru).
Karyotypes of Akodon orophilus Osgood 1913 and Thomasomys sp. (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) from Huánuco, Peru
Authors: Pacheco Víctor , Córdova Jesús H. , Velásquez Margarita
Published: July 2014

Conventional chromosomal preparations were made of three native mice from Huánuco, Peru: a male and a female of Thomasomys sp., and a male of Akodon orophilus. Thomasomys sp. had a karyotype of 2n = 42, XY (n = 21), meanwhile A. orophilus presented 2n = 22, XY (n = 11). Comparisons between chromosomal pairs from the existent literature indicate that both are new karyotypes. Thomasomys sp. has a distinct sexual Y chromosome, the only metacentric (m) reported for the genus. The chromosomes X and Y of A. orophilus are acrocentrics (a); and the length of chromosome Y (2/3 of the length of X) distinguishes A. orophilus from other congeneric. Because the structural differences between the sexual chromosomes usually generates mechanism of reproductive isolation at intraspecific level and are bigger still in interspecific crosses, we concluded that the karyotypes reported here support the validity of the species A. orophilus and suggest that Thomasomys sp. represents a new species to science.
Cambios en las comunidades bacterianas de suelo luego de una contaminación con hexadecano
Authors: Pucci Graciela N. , Acuña Adrián J. , Nohra Natalia Y. , Pucci Oscar H.
Published: July 2014

This paper reports on changes in the soil bacterial community from a petroleum zone of Argentina. Changes were observed in a microcosm test which was subject to contamination with hexadecane. The determination of hydrocarbons and bacterial counts were performed weekly. Changes in bacterial diversity were determined by the analysis of membrane fatty acids (FAMEs), identified and quantified by gas chromatography using according to MIDI parameters. It was observed that contamination with hexadecane cause a disturbance in the soil leading to a change in the bacterial community structure.
Biodiversidad y endemismo de los caracoles terrestres Megalobulimus y Systrophia en la Amazonia occidental
Authors: Ramírez Rina , Borda Víctor , Romero Pedro , Ramirez Jorge , Congrains Carlos , Chirinos Jenny , Ramírez Pablo , Velásquez Luz Elena , Mejía Kember
Published: July 2014

In this work we performed a biogeographic study of two genera of Amazonian land snails, Megalobulimus (Strophocheilidae) and Systrophia (Scolodontidae). We used samples from different regions of the Peruvian Amazon, as well as bibliographic information. We analyzed both nuclear (5.8S-ITS2-28S rRNA) and mitochondrial (16S rRNA) genes to reconstruct phylogenies and obtain hypotheses concerning the evolutionary relationships among Amazonian genera and other species with global distribution. The nuclear phylogeny allowed us to determine the evolutionary position of both genera, and the mitochondrial phylogeny permitted the differentiation of species at the intrageneric level. We found that Megalobulimus clustered with the non-achatinoid clade within Stylommatophora, as expected, but its relationship to family Acavidae could not be demonstrated. Systrophia did not cluster with any of the two established clades, but formed a basal one within Stylommatophora. The mitochondrial gene 16S rRNA allowed us to differentiate Megalobulimus species, and performed well for DNA barcoding of these edible snails. Biogeographical analysis revealed several endemic species in the Peruvian Amazon within both genera, highlighting the Chanchamayo and Inambari biogeographic units.
Una nueva especie de Deprea Raf. (Solanaceae) del Perú
Authors: Cueva Marco Antonio , Treviño Ítalo Francisco
Published: July 2014

Deprea oxapampensis M. Cueva & I. Treviño (Solanaceae) is described from a specimen collected in Oxapampa (Dpto. Pasco, Peru). The new species is characterized by elliptical leaves 6,5–7,8 × 1,9–2,8 cm, 3–6 axillary flowers, pedicels 11-19 mm long, orange tubular-urceolate corolla with only 5 lobes, calyx 2,7 mm long and elliptical fruit with acrescent calyx adpressed to the berry. We discuss about its relationships with D. ecuatoriana Hunz. & Barboza.
Dieta de murciélagos filostómidos del valle de Kosñipata, San Pedro, Cusco - Perú
Authors: Maguiña Rossana , Amanzo Jessica , Huamán Luis
Published: July 2014

In this study had been evaluated the diet of phyllostomids bats of the montane forest of the Kosñipata Valley (San Pedro, Cusco). The species of bats evaluated belong to the genus Carollia, Sturnira and Anoura. The diet was evaluated regarding the presence of pollen and seeds in fecal samples. Also, it was analyzed the importance of the plants consumed, the food niche breath and the food niche overlap. The results showed that the diet of the bats is mostly compounded of fruit and nectar-pollen of the plants. The principal resources registered belong to the genus Piper (registered in 23,08% of the samples), Cecropia (in 21,15%) and Abutilon (in 13,46%), which was the most important resources for the community of bats evaluated. The food niche breath of the six species analyzed showed that they are specialist in their diet in the study zone. The highest level of food niche overlap occurs between the species C. brevicauda, C. perspicillata and S. erythromos.
Reproducción y alimentación de Phytotoma raimondii, cortarrama peruana en El Gramadal, Ancash
Authors: Rosina Mario , Romo Mónica
Published: July 2014

The occurrence of good habitat with suitable food and sites for reproduction for the Peruvian plantcutter at El Gramadal (Huarmey) is confirmed. The two most important species for food “algarrobo” (Prosopis pallida) and “palo negro” (Grabowskia boerhaviifolia) both occur in sufficient amount in this place. The last species is also crucial for the reproduction since all the nests found were in this species. To date 9 nests have been found during 2010 and 2012 and between December and April: seven active nests, 2 in 2010 (April) and 4 in 2011(March and December) and 1 in 2012 (January). In addition, two empty nests were found in 2011 (March and June), and fledglings and juveniles from December to June.
Estructura de tallas de tortuga pico de loro Lepidochelys olivacea (Testudines: Cheloniidae) en Tumbes, Perú
Authors: Vera Manuel , Rosales Carlos A.
Published: July 2014

In this paper we analyzed the size structure of Olive Ridley turtle Lepidochelys olivacea, from individuals stranded and incidentally caught in beaches of Tumbes, Peru (3º38’9.5”S – 80º36’2.48”W; 3º57’21.3”S – 80º57’45.72”W), since November 2006 to October 2011. The study area was divided into three contiguous areas, which were limited by the most active streams (Bocapan, El Rubio and Peña Negra). There were 39 individuals (74.4% stranded and 25.6% caught incidentally), with sizes ranged from 45 to 75 cm CCL (62.5±5.7 cm CCL). 64.1% was considered sub-adult individuals (<65 cm CCL, n= 25). Spatially the largest number of records occurred in zones 3 and 2, in which percentages above 60% were considered sub-adults, while in zone 1, 83% was adult. Temporarily in the rainy season were registered the majority of the observations (59%), in which 78.3% of specimens was sub-adult, being higher than in the dry season (43.8%). Sizes showed significant differences between zones and climatic seasons. It was confirmed the latitudinal distribution pattern by apparent maturity stages (more adults in the north). Adults’ occurrences suggest that Tumbes coast would be a potential nesting area of L. olivacea, most likely to oviposit in dry season, it which is supported by recent nesting events.
Patógenos introducidos al Perú en post larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei importadas
Authors: Guevara Mervin , Alfaro Rubén
Published: July 2014

International trade of aquatic animals is the most important source for pathogens introduction in new areas, beginning cause of huge economic losses in growing animals and ecological damage. In this paper, we analyze Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae imported for shrimp farming companies of Tumbes from Ecuador, in order to detect pathogens such as the white spot virus (WSV), yellow head virus (YHV), infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), Baculovirus penaei (BP), Taura syndrome virus (TSV) and necrotizing hepatopancreatitis bacterium (NHPB). For this purpose, 177 samples of postlarvae in 2009 and 274 in 2010 from different larviculture laboratories of Ecuador were processed by the technique of PCR. In 2009, four infectious pathogens were present in postlarvae. In 2010 the frequency of occurrence of IHHNV –infected postlarvae was higher (16.79%). Both in 2009 and 2010 were found positive postlarvae NHPB, BP and TSV.
Variabilidad genética y distribución geográfica del maní, Arachis hypogaeaL. en la Región Ucayali, Perú
Authors: Rimachi Luis Fernando , Andrade D. , Verástegui Milusqui , Mori Jaime , Soto Victor , Estrada J. Rolando
Published: July 2014

Peru has been recognized as one of the most important centers of diversity of the peanut crop and according to archaeological evidence, may have been the center of origin for it. Due to poor knowledge of the current levels of genetic diversity of peanut in Peru, they were evaluated 65 peanut accessions, corresponding to 21 local varieties from the basins of the rivers San Alejandro, Ucayali and Aguaytia, in the Ucayali region; kindly provided by the project "Models of diversity and genetic erosion of traditional crops: Rapid advice and early detection of risks using GIS tools", performed at the “Instituto Nacional de Innovacion Agraria”. AFLP technique was used to estimate the genetic variability of the crop in the region and to identify areas with the greatest genetic wealth. There were a total of 157 polymorphic bands (45.6%), from 10 AFLP primer combinations in our 65 entries of peanuts. We considered only 135 polymorphic bands, based on their polymorphic information content (0.1
Temporal variation in the water quality of ponds and effluent of grow-out ponds of Amazon River prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum
Authors: Keppeler Erlei Cassiano , Moraes Valenti Patrícia Maria Contente , Pereira Leonardo Vaz
Published: July 2014

This study was conducted in the Crustacean Sector of the Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP) at the São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal (21 ° 15’22”S and 48 ° 18’48”W) São Paulo, Brazil, from December 2003 to May 2004. The aim was to examine the water quality parameters of importance to freshwater prawn culture, operated in a semi-intensive system in Amazon River. Nine 0.01-ha earthen ponds were stocked with 20 juveniles.m -2 . Prawns were fed commercial diet at a rate of 7 to 9% of biomass until the 14th week. After 145 days of stocking, all ponds were drained and harvested. The following water parameters were determined weekly: dissolved oxygen, oxygen biochemical demand, pH, total alkalinity, electrical conductivity, suspended total solids and turbidity, N-nitrate, N-nitrite, N-nitrogen ammonia, N- total, soluble ortophosphate, total phosphorus, chlorophyll and pheophytin. In the semi-intensive culture system of M. amazonicum, there was no clear pattern of temporal variation in the limnological variables studied. Dissolved oxygen, pH, BOD, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate increased in the afternoon period while, the other variables did not change. In general, water quality is more dependent on the biological processes that occur in the pond than on the characteristics of the renewal water for some variable.