bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon sequestration potential of different forest types in Pakistan and its role in regulating services for public health
Authors: Ali Shahab , Khan Shujaul Mulk , Ahmad Zeeshan , Siddiq Zafar , Ullah Abd , Yoo Sunghoon , Han Heesup , Raposo António
Published: January 2023

A high amount of CO2 causes numerous health effects, including headaches, restlessness, difficulty in breathing, increased heart rate, high blood pressure, asphyxia, and dizziness. This issue of increasing atmospheric CO2 can only be solved via above-ground and below-ground carbon sequestration (CS). This study was designed to determine the relationship between CS with the crown area (CA), diameter at breast height (DBH), height (H), species richness (SR), and elevation in different forest types of Pakistan with the following specific objectives: (1) to quantify the direct and indirect relationship of carbon sequestration with CA, DBH, H, and SR in various natural forest types and (2) to evaluate the effect of elevation on the trees functional traits and resultant CS. We used the linear structural equation model (SEM) for each conceptual model. Our results confirmed that the highest CS potential was recorded for dry temperate conifer forests (DTCF) i.e., 52.67%, followed by moist temperate mix forests (MTMF) and sub-tropical broad-leaved forests (STBLF). The SEM further described the carbon sequestration variation, i.e., 57, 32, 19, and 16% under the influence of CA (β = 0.90 and P-value < 0.001), H (β = 0.13 and p-value = 0.05), DBH (β = 0.07 and p-value = 0.005), and SR (β = −0.55 and p-value = 0.001), respectively. The individual direct effect of SR on carbon sequestration has been negative and significant. At the same time, the separate effect of CA, DBH, and H had a positive and significant effect on carbon sequestration. The remaining 20% of CS variations are indirectly influenced by elevation. This means that elevation affects carbon sequestration indirectly through CA, DBH, H, and SR, i.e., β = 0.133 and P-value < 0.166, followed by β = 0.531 and P-value < 0.001, β = 0.007 and P-value < 0.399, and β = −0.32 and P-value < 0.001, respectively. It is concluded that abiotic factors mainly determined carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems along with the elevation gradients in Pakistan. Quantifying the role of various forest types in carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction leads to improved air quality, which positively impacts human health. This is an imperative and novel study that links the dynamics of the biosphere and atmosphere.
Distinctive response of thermospheric cooling to ICME and CIR-driven geomagnetic storms
Authors: Bag Tikemani , Rout Diptiranjan , Ogawa Y. , Singh Vir
Published: January 2023

The temporal response of thermospheric CO2 and NO cooling emissions is investigated during ICME and CIR-driven geomagnetic storms by using data from the SABER instrument onboard the TIMED, GRACE, and DMSP satellites. The superposed epoch analysis reveals that the cooling emissions experience a strong enhancement and quick recovery to pre-event value within 3–4 days during CME storms. Whereas, it shows slower recovery that lasts for more than 6–7 days during CIR-driven storms. We performed detailed study of NO cooling emission owing to the fact that the production of NO depends on the external energy input. The different response of thermospheric NO cooling during CME and CIR storms can be attributed to differences in precipitation of particle (electron and ion) fluxes. A strong correlation with a positive timelag is observed between NO cooling emission and Dst index, coupling functions and particle flux. Further, the correlation between NO cooling flux and particle flux displays a distinct and stronger correlation during CIR storms as compared to CME. This study also shows that the Newell coupling function (normalized cross-correlation, r = 0.90 for CME and r = 0.92 for CIR) and the Akasofu parameter (r = 0.92 for CME, r = 0.76 for CIR) are better correlated with NO cooling flux, respectively, during CIR- and ICME-driven storms.
Electrolyte imbalances and dehydration play a key role in Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans chytridiomycosis
Authors: Sheley Wesley C. , Gray Matthew J. , Wilber Mark Q. , Cray Carolyn , Carter E. Davis , Miller Debra L.
Published: January 2023

Introduction

One of the most important emerging infectious diseases of amphibians is caused by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Bsal was recently discovered and is of global concern due to its potential to cause high mortality in amphibians, especially salamander species. To date, little has been reported on the pathophysiological effects of Bsal; however, studies of a similar fungus, B. dendrobatidis (Bd), have shown that electrolyte losses and immunosuppression likely play a key role in morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. The goal of this study was to investigate pathophysiological effects and immune responses associated with Bsal chytridiomycosis using 49 rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) as the model species.

Methods

Taricha granulosa were exposed to a 1 × 107 per 10 mL dose of Bsal zoospores and allowed to reach various stages of disease progression before being humanely euthanized. At the time of euthanasia, blood was collected for biochemical and hematological analyses as well as protein electrophoresis. Ten standardized body sections were histologically examined, and Bsal-induced skin lesions were counted and graded on a scale of 1–5 based on severity.

Results

Results indicated that electrolyte imbalances and dehydration induced by damage to the epidermis likely play a major role in the pathogenesis of Bsal chytridiomycosis in this species. Additionally, Bsal-infected, clinically diseased T. granulosa exhibited a systemic inflammatory response identified through alterations in complete blood counts and protein electrophoretograms.

Discussion

Overall, these results provide foundational information on the pathogenesis of this disease and highlight the differences and similarities between Bsal and Bd chytridiomycosis.
Evaluation of a constant rate intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine on the duration of a femoral and sciatic nerve block using lidocaine in dogs
Authors: Stabile Marzia , Lacitignola Luca , Acquafredda Claudia , Scardia Annalaura , Crovace Antonio , Staffieri Francesco
Published: January 2023

Objectives

This study investigated the effects of 1 μg/kg/h intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI) of dexmedetomidine on the sensory and motor blockade for femoral and sciatic nerve blocks in dogs undergoing stifle surgery.

Materials and methods

Client-owned dogs referred for stifle surgery were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, blinded study. Dogs were pre-medicated with acepromazine (0.005–0.01 mg/kg intramuscularly, IM); anesthesia was induced with propofol intravenously and maintained with isoflurane in a mixture of air and oxygen. Electrolocation-guided sciatic and femoral nerve blocks with lidocaine 2% (0.15 mL/kg) were performed using the parasacral and lateral pre-iliac approaches, respectively. After performing local block, a systemic infusion of saline solution (group C) or dexmedetomidine (group D) was started at a CRI at 1 ml/kg/h and continued until the end of surgery. Dexmedetomidine was infused at a dose of 1 μg/kg/h. Respiratory and hemodynamic variables were recorded during surgery. Sensory and motor blockade was evaluated by response to pinching the skin innervated by the sciatic/femoral nerves, with forceps and by observing the dogs' ability to walk and testing proprioception at 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 min after extubation. Analgesia was monitored with SF-GCPS. Methadone IM was administered as rescue analgesia. Intraoperative data were analyzed by analysis of variance, while postoperative data were analyzed by the independent two-tailedt-test and a Kaplan–Meier test (p< 0.05).

Results

Twenty dogs were included in this study (10/group). A significant difference in the recovery of sensory nerve function was observed between the groups. The mean durations of the sensory blockade for femoral and sciatic nerves, respectively, was longer (p< 0.001) for group D [168 (146–191, 95% CI), 161 (143–179, 95% CI) min] than in group C [120 (96.1–144, 95% CI), 116 (90.9–142, 95% CI]. No differences in the recovery of patellar and tibial reflexes, proprioceptive function, and ability to walk were found among groups. The overall postoperative rescue analgesia requirement was significantly different (p= 0.019) between groups, with an incidence of 5/10 (50%) dogs in group D and 10/10 (100%) dogs in group C.

Conclusion

Dexmedetomidine administered as a CRI (1 μg/kg/h) combined with local lidocaine increases the duration of the sensory component of the sciatic and femoral nerve blocks and reduces the requirement for additional analgesia during the immediate postoperative hours.
Differences in Awareness of Chinese Dietary Guidelines Among Urban and Rural Residents: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Southwest China
Authors: Jiang Ke , Wen Yaqi , Li Shengping , Wang Tiankun , Li Zhourong , Sharma Manoj , Shi Zumin , Zhao Yong
Published: January 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the awareness of Chinese dietary guidelines (CDGs, 2016) between rural and urban areas in Southwest China and identify the factors that affect CDGs (2016) awareness.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey included 8,320 individuals aged 18–75 years from Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, and Yunnan, China. Convenience sampling method was adopted to select the survey subjects and face-to-face surveys in each region were conducted to collect data. Descriptive statistics and generalized linear model were used to evaluate differences in awareness of CDGs among urban and rural residents and its influencing factors.

Results: Overall CDGs awareness was low in urban and rural areas, although the awareness rate was higher in the former than in the latter (29.1% vs. 19.9%, respectively). Region, education level, Body Mass Index (BMI), gender, income, and age are the influencing factors of CDGs awareness. Urban participants were likely to acquire relevant knowledge from social media, books/magazines, family/friends, and experts. However, rural participants were likely to acquire relevant knowledge from food sales staff (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Rural residents are less aware of CDGs than their urban counterparts in Southwest China. Future dietary education should adopt different strategies for different populations, with considerable focus on rural residents.
High-Accuracy Finite Element Model Updating a Framed Structure Based on Response Surface Method and Partition Modification
Authors: Zhu Qingyu , Han Qingkai , Liu Jinguo , Yu Changshuai
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a finite element model updating (FEMU) method is proposed based on the response surface model (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) to establish a high-precision finite element (FE) model of space station scientific experiment racks. First, the fine solid and mixed FE models are established, respectively, and a comparison of the modal test results is conducted. Then, an orthogonal experimental design is used to analyze the significance of the parameters, and the variables to be modified are determined. The design parameters are sampled via the Latin hyperbolic method and are substituted into the FE model to obtain the modal parameters of the scientific experiment rack. The mapping relationship between the design and modal parameters is fitted by constructing the Kriging function, and the RSM is established. The design parameters of the scientific experiment rack are optimized via GA, and the initial FE model is updated, which has the advantage of improving the computing efficiency. Finally, the updated FE model of the experiment rack is verified by frequency sweep and random vibration tests. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has high precision and computing efficiency, and compared with the test results, the modal frequency errors of the updated model are within 5%, and the vibration response errors under random excitation of the updated model are within 7%.
Remaining Useful Life Prediction for Aero-Engines Using a Time-Enhanced Multi-Head Self-Attention Model
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Yi , Xu Yaxi , Liu Xiaodong , Zheng Tao , Zheng Bo
Published: January 2023

Data-driven Remaining Useful Life (RUL) prediction is one of the core technologies of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). Committed to improving the accuracy of RUL prediction for aero-engines, this paper proposes a model that is entirely based on the attention mechanism. The attention model is divided into the multi-head self-attention and timing feature enhancement attention models. The multi-head self-attention model employs scaled dot-product attention to extract dependencies between time series; the timing feature enhancement attention model is used to accelerate and enhance the feature selection process. This paper utilises Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation (C-MAPSS) turbofan engine simulation data obtained from NASA Ames’ Prognostics Center of Excellence and compares the proposed algorithm to other models. The experiments conducted validate the superiority of our model’s approach.
Environmental Enrichment for Rainbow Trout Fingerlings: A Case Study Using Shelters in an Organic Trout Farm
Authors: Eidsmo Julia , Madsen Lone , Pedersen Lars-Flemming , Jokumsen Alfred , Gesto Manuel
Published: January 2023

Physical enrichment can improve the welfare of captive fish. Previous research has shown that fish often show preference for enriched environments, which can also result in improvements in growth performance. However, effects of enrichment are not always positive and the design and extent of the enrichment needs to be carefully considered. In this regard, information in real aquaculture scenarios is limited. The aim of this study was to serve as a proof of concept to test the feasibility of using simple PVC immersed shelters as a tool for better welfare in an organic rainbow trout farm. Our shelters induced little extra work in farm routines and had no negative effects on fish performance, health or mortality. The behavioral assessment pointed to a preference for sheltered areas in undisturbed conditions. However, no benefits were observed in terms of stress responses during standardized stress tests, and fish showed no obvious shelter-seeking behavior after disturbance. The results in terms of shelter-seeking behavior were probably limited by the short duration of the experiment, which was due to the farm’s routines and needs. It is recommended that strategies for enrichment in real scenarios should be tested covering a relevant part of the life cycle of the fish in captivity, to fully account for their potential to improve welfare in aquaculture.
A Review on Dynamic Recycling of Electric Vehicle Battery: Disassembly and Echelon Utilization
Authors: Xiao Jinhua , Jiang Chengran , Wang Bo
Published: January 2023

With the growing requirements of retired electric vehicles (EVs), the recycling of EV batteries is being paid more and more attention to regarding its disassembly and echelon utilization to reach highly efficient resource utilization and environmental protection. In order to make full use of the retired EV batteries, we here discuss various possible application methods of echelon utilization, including hierarchical analysis methods based on various battery evaluation index. In addition, retired EV battery disassembly is also reviewed through the entire EV battery recycling based on human–robot collaboration methods. In order to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of EV recycling, it is necessary to find a suitable recycling mode and disassembly process. This paper discusses the future possibility of echelon utilization and disassembly in retired EV battery recycling from disassembly optimization and human–robot collaboration, facing uncertain disassembly and echelon utilization.
Effect of Energy Provision Strategy on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics, Bacterial Diversity and Community Composition
Authors: Qiu Qinghua , Zhang Jiantong , Qu Mingren , Li Yanjiao , Zhao Xianghui , Ouyang Kehui
Published: January 2023

This study was conducted to explore the rumen fermentation characteristics, bacterial diversity, and community composition of Hu sheep under four energy provision strategies. Ninety-six Hu sheep (body weight: 17.78 ± 1.24 kg) were equally assigned to four energy provision strategies: (1) low-energy diet for the whole finishing stage (LL); (2) high-energy diet for the whole finishing stage (HH); (3) low-energy diet in the early finishing stage and high-energy diet in the late finishing stage (LH); (4) high-energy diet in the early finishing stage and low-energy diet in the late finishing stage (HL). The results showed that the proportion of acetate was lower in the HH group than that in the HL group, whereas the opposite result was observed for the butyrate proportion (p < 0.05). The Chao 1, observed species, PD whole tree, and Shannon index of the rumen bacteria were higher in the LL group than that in the HH group (p < 0.05). The taxonomic annotations revealed that the Patescibacteria, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Anaeroplasma abundances were higher in the HL group than that in the HH group, and the opposite results were observed regarding the relative abundances of Selenomonas and Anaerovibrio (p < 0.05). The relative abundances of Spirochaetota and Treponema were higher in the LH group than that in the HH group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) showed significant differences between groups (R = 0.6792 and p = 0.001). This study indicates that the energy provision strategy had little impact on the rumen fermentation characteristics, while it heavily affected the rumen bacterial diversity and community composition. This study may provide insight into the rumen fermentation characteristics and bacterial community under routine finishing models and contribute to the optimization of energy provision strategies of Hu sheep.
Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles as Theranostic Agents and Their Future Clinical Utility in Oncology
Authors: Lee Seung S. , Paliouras Miltiadis , Trifiro Mark A.
Published: January 2023

Over the years, research of nanoparticle applications in pre-clinical and clinical applications has greatly advanced our therapeutic and imaging approaches to many diseases, most notably neoplastic disorders. In particular, the innate properties of inorganic nanomaterials, such as gold and iron oxide, as well as carbon-based nanoparticles, have provided the greatest opportunities in cancer theranostics. Carbon nanoparticles can be used as carriers of biological agents to enhance the therapeutic index at a tumor site. Alternatively, they can also be combined with external stimuli, such as light, to induce irreversible physical damaging effects on cells. In this review, the recent advances in carbon nanoparticles and their use in cancer theranostics will be discussed. In addition, the set of evaluations that will be required during their transition from laboratory investigations toward clinical trials will be addressed.
Concise Review: Bioengineering of Limbal Stem Cell Niche
Authors: Soleimani Mohammad , Cheraqpour Kasra , Koganti Raghuram , Baharnoori Seyed Mahbod , Djalilian Ali R.
Published: January 2023

The corneal epithelium is composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous cells and has a significant turnover rate. Limbal integrity is vital to maintain the clarity and avascularity of the cornea as well as regeneration of the corneal epithelium. Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are located in the basal epithelial layer of the limbus and preserve this homeostasis. Proper functioning of LESCs is dependent on a specific microenvironment, known as the limbal stem cell niche (LSCN). This structure is made up of various cells, an extracellular matrix (ECM), and signaling molecules. Different etiologies may damage the LSCN, leading to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), which is characterized by conjunctivalization of the cornea. In this review, we first summarize the basics of the LSCN and then focus on current and emerging bioengineering strategies for LSCN restoration to combat LSCD.
Detection of Bacteria-Induced Early-Stage Dental Caries Using Three-Dimensional Mid-Infrared Thermophotonic Imaging
Authors: Welch Robert , Sivagurunathan Koneswaran , Tavakolian Pantea , Ngai Kimberly , Huang Bo , Abrams Stephen , Finer Yoav , Mandelis Andreas
Published: January 2023

Tooth decay, or dental caries, is a widespread and costly disease that is reversible when detected early in its formation. Current dental caries diagnostic methods including X-ray imaging and intraoral examination lack the sensitivity and specificity required to routinely detect caries early in its formation. Thermophotonic imaging presents itself as a highly sensitive and non-ionizing solution, making it suitable for the frequent monitoring of caries progression. Here, we utilized a treatment protocol to produce bacteria-induced caries lesions. The lesions were imaged using two related three-dimensional photothermal imaging modalities: truncated correlation photothermal coherence tomography (TC-PCT) and its enhanced modification eTC-PCT. In addition, micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) and visual inspection by a clinical dentist were used to validate and quantify the severities of the lesions. The observational findings demonstrate the high sensitivity and depth profiling capabilities of the thermophotonic modalities, showcasing their potential use as a non-ionizing clinical tool for the early detection of dental caries.
Effect of Cannabis on Memory Consolidation, Learning and Retrieval and Its Current Legal Status in India: A Review
Authors: Niloy Nandi , Hediyal Tousif Ahmed , Vichitra Chandrasekaran , Sonali Sharma , Chidambaram Saravana Babu , Gorantla Vasavi Rakesh , Mahalakshmi Arehally M.
Published: January 2023

Cannabis is one of the oldest crops grown, traditionally held religious attachments in various cultures for its medicinal use much before its introduction to Western medicine. Multiple preclinical and clinical investigations have explored the beneficial effects of cannabis in various neurocognitive and neurodegenerative diseases affecting the cognitive domains. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive component, is responsible for cognition-related deficits, while cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, has been shown to elicit neuroprotective activity. In the present integrative review, the authors focus on the effects of cannabis on the different cognitive domains, including learning, consolidation, and retrieval. The present study is the first attempt in which significant focus has been imparted on all three aspects of cognition, thus linking to its usage. Furthermore, the investigators have also depicted the current legal position of cannabis in India and the requirement for reforms.
New Nitric Oxide-Releasing Compounds as Promising Anti-Bladder Cancer Drugs
Authors: Varela María , López Miriam , Ingold Mariana , Alem Diego , Perini Valentina , Perelmuter Karen , Bollati-Fogolín Mariela , López Gloria V. , Hernández Paola
Published: January 2023

Bladder cancer is a worldwide problem and improved therapies are urgently needed. In the search for newer strong antitumor compounds, herein, we present the study of three nitric oxide-releasing compounds and evaluate them as possible therapies for this malignancy. Bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 253J were used to evaluate the antiproliferative, antimigratory, and genotoxic effects of compounds. Moreover, we determined the NF-κB pathway inhibition, and finally, the survivin downregulation exerted by our molecules. The results revealed that compounds 1 and 3 exerted a high antiproliferative activity against bladder cancer cells through DNA damage and survivin downregulation. In addition, compound 3 reduced bladder cancer cell migration. We found that nitric oxide donors are promising molecules for the development of a new therapeutic targeting the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis and progression of bladder cancer.
Long-Term Changes in Adipose Tissue in the Newly Formed Bone Induced by Recombinant Human BMP-2 In Vivo
Authors: Jee Hyouk-Keun , Jeon Woo-Young , Kwak Han-Wool , Seok Hyun
Published: January 2023

Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) induces osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone scaffolds. We evaluated rhBMP-2-induced long-term changes in adipose tissue in the newly formed bone in different scaffolds forms. Bovine bone particles and blocks were grafted along with rhBMP-2 in the subperiosteal space of a rat calvarial bone, and the formation of new bone and adipose tissue were evaluated at 6 and 16 weeks after the surgery. The bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular thickness (TbTh) of the 16w particle group were significantly higher than those of the 6w particle group (p = 0.018 and 0.012, respectively). The BMD and TbTh gradually increased in the particle group from weeks 6 to 16. The average adipose tissue volume (ATV) of the 6w particle group was higher than that of the 16w particle group, although the difference was not significant (p > 0.05), and it decreased gradually. There were no significant changes in the bone volume (BV) and BMD between the 6w and 16w block groups. Histological analysis revealed favorable new bone regeneration in all groups. Adipose tissue was formed between the bone particles and at the center in the particle and block groups, respectively. The adipose tissue space decreased, and the proportion of new bone increased in the 16w particle group compared to that in the 6w group. To summarize, in the particle group, the adipose tissue decreased in a time-dependent manner, BMD and TbTh increased, and new bone formation increased from 6 to 16 weeks. These results suggest that rhBMP-2 effectively induces new bone formation in the long term in particle bone scaffolds.
Optimizing the Effect of tDCS on Motor Sequence Learning in the Elderly
Authors: Ghasemian-Shirvan Ensiyeh , Ungureanu Ruxandra , Melo Lorena , van Dun Kim , Kuo Min-Fang , Nitsche Michael A. , Meesen Raf L. J.
Published: January 2023

One of the most visible effects of aging, even in healthy, normal aging, is a decline in motor performance. The range of strategies applicable to counteract this deterioration has increased. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that can promote neuroplasticity, has recently gained attention. However, knowledge about optimized tDCS parameters in the elderly is limited. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of different anodal tDCS intensities on motor sequence learning in the elderly. Over the course of four sessions, 25 healthy older adults (over 65 years old) completed the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) while receiving 1, 2, or 3 mA of anodal or sham stimulation over the primary motor cortex (M1). Additionally, 24 h after stimulation, motor memory consolidation was assessed. The results confirmed that motor sequence learning in all tDCS conditions was maintained the following day. While increased anodal stimulation intensity over M1 showed longer lasting excitability enhancement in the elderly in a prior study, the combination of higher intensity stimulation with an implicit motor learning task showed no significant effect. Future research should focus on the reason behind this lack of effect and probe alternative stimulation protocols.
Libertellenone T, a Novel Compound Isolated from Endolichenic Fungus, Induces G2/M Phase Arrest, Apoptosis, and Autophagy by Activating the ROS/JNK Pathway in Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Gamage Chathurika D. B. , Kim Jeong-Hyeon , Yang Yi , Taş İsa , Park So-Yeon , Zhou Rui , Pulat Sultan , Varlı Mücahit , Hur Jae-Seoun , Nam Sang-Jip , Kim Hangun
Published: January 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most deadly type of cancer in the world and continuous investigations are required to discover novel therapeutics for CRC. Induction of apoptosis is one of the promising strategies to inhibit cancers. Here, we have identified a novel compound, Libertellenone T (B), isolated from crude extracts of the endolichenic fungus from Pseudoplectania sp. (EL000327) and investigated the mechanism of action. CRC cells treated by B were subjected to apoptosis detection assays, immunofluorescence imaging, and molecular analyses such as immunoblotting and QRT-PCR. Our findings revealed that B induced CRC cell death via multiple mechanisms including G2/M phase arrest caused by microtubule stabilization and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Further studies revealed that B induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) attributed to activating the JNK signaling pathway by which apoptosis and autophagy was induced in Caco2 cells. Moreover, B exhibited good synergistic effects when combined with the well-known anticancer drug, 5-FU, and another cytotoxic novel compound D, which was isolated from the same crude extract of EL000327. Overall, Libertellenone T induces G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy via activating the ROS/JNK pathway in CRC. Thus, B may be a potential anticancer therapeutic against CRC that is suitable for clinical applications.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Biliary Drainage in Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction
Authors: Paduano Danilo , Facciorusso Antonio , De Marco Alessandro , Ofosu Andrew , Auriemma Francesco , Calabrese Federica , Tarantino Ilaria , Franchellucci Gianluca , Lisotti Andrea , Fusaroli Pietro , Repici Alessandro , Mangiavillano Benedetto
Published: January 2023

Malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) is a challenging medical problem that often negatively impacts the patient’s quality of life (QoL), postoperative complications, and survival rates. Endoscopic approaches to biliary drainage are generally performed by ERCP or, in selected cases, with a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD). Recent advances in therapeutic endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) allow drainage where previous methods have failed. EUS has evolved from a purely diagnostic technique to one that allows a therapeutic approach in the event of ERCP failure in distal MBO. Moreover, the introduction of dedicated accessories and prostheses for EUS-guided transmural biliary drainage (EUS-BD) made these procedures more successful with regard to technical success, clinical outcomes and reduction of adverse events (AEs). Finally, lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) have improved the therapeutic role of the EUS. Subsequently, the electrocautery enhanced tip of the LAMS (EC-LAMS) allows a direct access of the delivery system to the target lumen, thereby simplifying and reducing the EUS-BD procedure time. EUS-BD using LAMS and EC-LAMS has proven effective and safe with a low rate of AEs. This review aims to evaluate biliary drainage techniques in malignant obstruction, focusing on the role of EUS biliary drainage by LAMS.
The Expanding Role of Cancer Stem Cell Marker ALDH1A3 in Cancer and Beyond
Authors: McLean Meghan E. , MacLean Maya R. , Cahill Hannah F. , Arun Raj Pranap , Walker Olivia L. , Wasson Marie-Claire D. , Fernando Wasundara , Venkatesh Jaganathan , Marcato Paola
Published: January 2023

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) is one of 19 ALDH enzymes expressed in humans, and it is critical in the production of hormone receptor ligand retinoic acid (RA). We review the role of ALDH1A3 in normal physiology, its identification as a cancer stem cell marker, and its modes of action in cancer and other diseases. ALDH1A3 is often over-expressed in cancer and promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance by altering gene expression, cell signaling pathways, and glycometabolism. The increased levels of ALDH1A3 in cancer occur due to genetic amplification, epigenetic modifications, post-transcriptional regulation, and post-translational modification. Finally, we review the potential of targeting ALDH1A3, with both general ALDH inhibitors and small molecules specifically designed to inhibit ALDH1A3 activity.
Ratiometric Fluorescence Probe Based on Deep-Red Emissive CdTe Quantum Dots and Eu3+ Hybrid for Oxytetracycline Detection
Authors: Tan Siyi , Wang Qin , Tan Qiuxia , Zhao Shaojing , Huang Lei , Wang Benhua , Song Xiangzhi , Lan Minhuan
Published: January 2023

Oxytetracycline (OTC) is an environmental pollutant caused by the abuse of antibiotics, and its content in water is closely related to human health. Therefore, the development of a simple, rapid, and accurate method to detect OTC has become desirable. In this work, a ratiometric fluorescence probe based on deep red emissive CdTe quantum dots (QDs) modified by mercaptopropionic acid and Eu3+ is developed to accurately and rapidly detect OTC in water. After the addition of OTC, the photoluminescence intensity of CdTe QDs at 698 nm remains almost unchanged, while the peak at 617 nm intensifies within 40 s due to the coordination of Eu3+ with OTC. An excellent linear relationship is present between the photoluminescence intensity ratio of I617/I698 and the concentration of OTC. The limit of detection of the probe towards OCT is 5.4 nM. In addition, the probe shows good selectivity and anti-interference ability for OTC in the presence of other antibiotics, including other antibiotics, ions, and amino acids. The probe has been successfully applied to detect OTC in actual samples, demonstrating its potential for environmental application.
Adapting the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire to the Japanese Problem-Based Learning Context: A Validation Study
Authors: Nomura Osamu , Soma Yuki , Kijima Hiroshi , Matsuyama Yasushi
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly changed medical education, and medical trainees’ self-regulation has become more emphasized. In Japan, the concept of self-regulated learning has not been fully applied in health profession education due to a lack of effective measurement tools. We aimed to validate the translated Japanese version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire in the context of Problem-Based Learning (J-MSLQ-PBL). The questionnaire employs a seven-point Likert-type scale with 81 items and is categorized into two sections: motivation and learning strategies. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted by using Promax rotation to examine the factor structure of the scale, using the collected data from 112 Japanese medical students. Factor extraction was based on a scree plot investigation, and an item was accepted when the factor loading was ≥0.40. In the motivation section, the extracted factors from the EFA were well aligned with the subscales of the original MSLQ, including “Self-Efficacy for Learning and Performance”, “Task Value”, “Self-Efficacy for Learning and Performance”, “Test Anxiety”, “Extrinsic Goal Orientation”, and “Intrinsic Goal Orientation”. In the learning strategies, the extracted factors poorly matched the structure of the original subscales. This discrepancy could be explained by insufficient translation, the limited sample size from a single medical school, or cross-cultural differences in learning strategies between Western and Japanese medical students. Only the motivation part of the J-MSLQ-PBL should be implemented to measure the competency elements of self-regulated learning in Japan.
Damage Effects of Heavy Ion Irradiation on MOST/C Multilayer Films
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Hong , Qiao Li , Wang Peng
Published: January 2023

In this study, the nano-multilayer film was prepared by alternating deposition of MoS2/Ti composite layer and amorphous C layer, and the irradiation damage effect was studied by the heavy ion bombardment experiment of 2 MeV Au2+. The results show that the irradiation region of the film is about 500 nm deep. The MoS2 crystal inside the MoS2/Ti composite layer in the irradiation-affected area is destroyed by incident Au2+ ions and turns into a disordered state. With the increase of irradiation dose, the hardness of the film increases from 1.58 to 3.28 GPa, and the wear life of the film decreases sharply from 3 × 104 to 5 × 103 r due to the destruction of the internal crystal and the embrittlement of the structure. In addition, with the increase of irradiation dose, the interlayer interface is gradually blurred and the interlayer diffusion is gradually aggravated.
Research on Decorative Materials Properties Used in the Production of Cabinets Based on Visual/Tactile Experience
Authors: Jin Dong , Li Tian
Published: January 2023

With the further deepening of ageing in China, the ageing-in-place model is gaining more and more attention. In order to improve the quality of home life of the elderly, this paper takes age-friendly cabinets as the research object, from the perspective of material design, and takes the visual/tactile experience of the elderly as the entry point, classifies the current market cabinet materials, and selects the test samples. The physical properties of the samples were examined and analysed with the subjective emotional changes that the elderly experience with different cabinet materials. The objective physical properties of the cabinet materials were correlated with the visual/tactile subjective emotional factors, and through subjective tests and mathematical and statistical methods, an evaluation model of “visual/tactile subjective emotional factors—objective physical properties of materials” was established for the selection of materials in age-friendly cabinet design. It provides scientific guidance for the selection of materials in age-appropriate cabinet design.
Experiments and Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Simulations of Texture Development during Cold Rolling in a Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al Alloy
Authors: Mahadule Diksha , Demiral Murat , Mulki Hasan , Khatirkar Rajesh K.
Published: January 2023

The effect of deformation on the evolution of crystallographic texture in a Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al (Ti-15333) alloy after unidirectional cold rolling was studied experimentally and numerically in the present investigation. An optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to study the microstructures, while the crystallographic texture after cold rolling was studied with X-ray diffraction. The rolling process (deformation) was simulated with PRISMS-plasticity, open-source crystal plasticity software. Micro-indentations were performed on the initial solution-annealed sample with an equiaxed grain structure. The experimentally obtained load–displacement curve for a particular grain (orientation-φ1, Φ, φ2 = 325.2°, 18.0°, 66.2° (Bunge notation)) was compared with the crystal plasticity finite element method (FEM)-simulated load–displacement curve to obtain the calibration parameters. The obtained parameters, along with the experimental stress–strain curve, were used to recalibrate the PRISMS-plasticity software for the rolling simulations of the Ti-15333 alloy. It was observed that the γ-(normal direction, ND//<111>) and α-(rolling direction, RD//<110>) fibers strengthened with cold rolling, experimentally as well as numerically. The simulated orientation distribution functions (ODFs) matched reasonably well with those obtained from the experiments. The average values of von Mises stress and von Mises strain increased with an increase in deformation.
Ultrafast L Band Soliton Pulse Generation in Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser Based on Graphene Oxide Saturable Absorber
Authors: Haris Hazlihan , Batumalay Malathy , Jin Tan Sin , Muhammad Ahmad Razif , Markom Arni Munira , Anyi Caroline Livan , Izani Muhamad Hakim , Razak Mohd. Zulhakimi Ab. , Megat Hasnan Megat Muhammad Ikhsan , Saad Ismail
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate a simple mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) based on self-synthesized saturable absorber (SA) by combining graphene oxide (GO) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) solutions to form a GO-PEO thin film. This thin film was incorporated into an Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) with a cavity length of 9 m. Our EDFL could operate at a 22 MHz repetition rate with a 0.8 ps pulse duration. The laser also showed stable soliton pulses under various laser pump power values. Our reported results show that GO-PEO SA is effective and proven as a cost-effective material for saturable absorbers for EDFLs.
Topographical Based Significance of Sap-Sucking Heteropteran in European Wheat Cultivations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gibicsár Szilvia , Keszthelyi Sándor
Published: January 2023

Sap sucking heteropteran cereal bugs—members of the Eurygaster and Aelia genus—are serious pests of wheat. Moreover, they feed on a variety of gramineous plant species, including rye, barley, oat, maize, and millet. They are widely distributed in the European continent. The purpose of this review paper is two-fold; it summarizes the currently available data on the biological characteristics, the inflicted damage, and their European distribution and, in addition, we aimed to determine their economic importance, based on data available in the current literature. For the most important cereal bug species, we have collected data on their occurrence in Europe to provide a comprehensive picture of their distribution, and characterized them according to their temperature requirements at different life stages. We have also determined the degree of their attachment to wheat as their host plant, examining the synchronization between the pests and the life cycle of the plant. Finally, we compared their migration characteristics. All the above-mentioned characteristics were merged, in order to assess and rank the damage potential of each species.
Multi-UAV Cooperative Trajectory Planning Based on FDS-ADEA in Complex Environments
Authors: Huang Gang , Hu Min , Yang Xueying , Lin Peng
Published: January 2023

Multi-UAV cooperative trajectory planning (MUCTP) refers to the planning of multiple flyable trajectories based on the location of each UAV and mission point in a complex environment. In the planning process, the complex 3D space structure increases the difficulty of solving the trajectory points, and the mutual constraints of the UAV cooperative constraints can degrade the performance of the planning system. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of MUCTP, this study proposes MUCTP based on feasible domain space and adaptive differential evolution algorithm (FDS-ADEA). The method first constructs a three-dimensional feasible domain space to reduce the complexity of the search space structure; then, the constraints of heterogeneous UAVs are linearly weighted and transformed into a new objective function, and the information of the fitness value is shared in accordance with the adaptive method and the code correction method to improve the search efficiency of the algorithm; finally, the trajectories are smoothed to ensure the flyability of the UAVs performing the mission by combining the cubic B-spline curves. Experiments 1, 2, 3, and 4 validate the proposed algorithm. Simulation results verify that FDS-ADEA has fast convergence, high cooperative capability, and more reasonable planned trajectory sets when processing MUCTP.
Thermoelectric Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
Authors: Xue Ti-Wei , Guo Zeng-Yuan
Published: January 2023

In 2019, Schilling et al. claimed that they achieved the supercooling of a body without external intervention in their thermoelectric experiments, thus arguing that the second law of thermodynamics was bent. Kostic suggested that their claim lacked full comprehension of the second law of thermodynamics. A review of history shows that what Clausius referred to as the second law of thermodynamics is the theorem of the equivalence of transformations (unfairly ignored historically) in a reversible heat–work cycle, rather than “heat can never pass from a cold to a hot body without some other change” that was only viewed by Clausius as a natural phenomenon. Here, we propose the theorem of the equivalence of transformations for reversible thermoelectric cycles. The analysis shows that the supercooling phenomenon Schilling et al. observed is achieved by a reversible combined power–refrigeration cycle. According to the theorem of equivalence of transformations in reversible thermoelectric cycles, the reduction in body temperature to below the ambient temperature requires the body itself to have a higher initial temperature than ambient as compensation. Not only does the supercooling phenomenon not bend the second law, but it provides strong evidence of the second law.
Lossless Image Coding Using Non-MMSE Algorithms to Calculate Linear Prediction Coefficients
Authors: Ulacha Grzegorz , Łazoryszczak Mirosław
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a lossless image compression method with a fast decoding time and flexible adjustment of coder parameters affecting its implementation complexity. A comparison of several approaches for computing non-MMSE prediction coefficients with different levels of complexity was made. The data modeling stage of the proposed codec was based on linear (calculated by the non-MMSE method) and non-linear (complemented by a context-dependent constant component removal block) predictions. Prediction error coding uses a two-stage compression: an adaptive Golomb code and a binary arithmetic code. The proposed solution results in 30% shorter decoding times and a lower bit average than competing solutions (by 7.9% relative to the popular JPEG-LS codec).
EspEn Graph for the Spatial Analysis of Entropy in Images
Authors: Espinosa Medina Ricardo Alonso
Published: January 2023

The quantification of entropy in images is a topic of interest that has had different applications in the field of agronomy, product generation and medicine. Some algorithms have been proposed for the quantification of the irregularity present in an image; however, the challenges to overcome in the computational cost involved in large images and the reliable measurements in small images are still topics of discussion. In this research we propose an algorithm, EspEn Graph, which allows the quantification and graphic representation of the irregularity present in an image, revealing the location of the places where there are more or less irregular textures in the image. EspEn is used to calculate entropy because it presents reliable and stable measurements for small size images. This allows an image to be subdivided into small sections to calculate the entropy in each section and subsequently perform the conversion of values to graphically show the regularity present in an image. In conclusion, the EspEn Graph returns information on the spatial regularity that an image with different textures has and the average of these entropy values allows a reliable measure of the general entropy of the image.