bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variants ε2 and ε4 of APOE Predict Mortality and Poor Outcome Independently in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Within the Chinese Han Population
Authors: Wu Chuyue , Zhou Qinji , Huang Yu , Yan Fei , Yang Zhenjie , He Lei , Li Qian , Li Li
Published: October 2024

The heightened mortality and disability rates, coupled with restricted neurological recovery post intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), have sparked considerable attention toward its treatment and results. Simultaneously, the influence of the APOE gene on ICH prognosis has been well‐documented. This research aimed to explore the relationship between specific APOE alleles in the present cohort and the incidences of mortality, recurrence, and adverse prognosis, as determined by neurological function assessments in ICH patients. Data on patients diagnosed with ICH and hospitalized in the Department of Neurology at our institution from October 2021 to March 2022 were collected, including determining their APOE genotypes. A 1‐year follow‐up was conducted to evaluate mortality, ICH recurrence, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 and 12 months. Poor prognosis was defined as an mRS score of ≥ 3. Initially, we analyzed the relationships between different APOE alleles and mortality, recurrence, and poor prognosis. Subsequently, we explored additional factors influencing each prognostic outcome and conducted multivariate analysis to identify independent risk factors. An analysis was conducted on 289 patients diagnosed with ICH. The presence of the ε2 allele was found to be a significant independent predictor for unfavorable outcomes at both 3 months (p = 0.022, OR = 2.138, 95% CI [2.041, 3.470]) and 1 year (p = 0.020, OR = 5.116, 95% CI [5.044, 5.307]). Moreover, the ε4 allele was established as an independent risk factor for ICH recurrence within 1 year (p = 0.025, OR = 2.326, 95% CI [1.163, 2.652]), as well as for mortality at 3 months (p = 0.037, OR = 4.250, 95% CI [4.068, 4.920]) and 1 year (p = 0.023, OR = 4.109, 95% CI [4.016, 4.739]). In conclusions, Both APOE ε2 and ε4 variants independently heighten mortality risk, recurrence, and poor prognosis after ICH. The substantial influence underscores the need for additional investigation into the impact of APOE genotype on ICH prognosis.
Site‐Selective Synthetic Modifications of the Cinchona Alkaloids
Authors: Player Finlay P. , Foley Daniel J.
Published: October 2024

The natural product quinine has been known to humankind for centuries, and in that time has played a pivotal role in the treatment of malaria. Quinine, and the related cinchona alkaloids, have seen widespread contemporary use across chemical and biological disciplines, owing in part to the plethora of functional groups and stereochemical information contained within their scaffold. This review focuses on site‐selective synthetic modifications of the cinchona alkaloids. Our comparative analysis may act as a ‘user manual’ for the selective functionalisation of the cinchona alkaloids, and aims to promote consideration of remarkable and lesser‐understood aspects of cinchona chemistry.
Characteristics of black bear‐related trauma: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Tsuchida Hideomi , Satoh Kasumi , Hirasawa Nobuhisa , Okuyama Manabu , Nakae Hajime
Published: October 2024

Aim

Bear‐related trauma is a significant concern in Japan. This study identified trauma patterns, outcomes, and therapeutic approaches for bear‐related injuries treated.

Methods

This retrospective observational study used medical records from Akita University Hospital, focusing on patients with bear‐related trauma in 2023. Demographic data, injury details, treatment procedures, and outcomes were extracted.

Results

The study included 20 patients (median age: 74.5 years, 65% males). Most injuries occurred in human habitats, mainly in autumn, with the face being the most affected area (90%). Three patients required emergency transfusions and tracheal intubation. Emergency surgery was performed in 52.6% of patients, and 42.1% were admitted to the intensive care unit. All patients survived with a median hospital stay of 17 days. However, 15.8% of patients had significant sequelae, such as blindness. Despite prophylactic antibiotics, wound infections occurred in 21.1% of patients, particularly in deep wounds that were not adequately washed under general anesthesia.

Conclusions

Bear‐related trauma often results in severe upper‐body injuries that require prompt medical intervention. These findings highlight the need for improved preventive measures and strategies for initial treatment and long‐term care.
Renaissance of Chlorine Evolution Reaction: Emerging Theory and Catalytic Materials
Authors: Kim Jinjong , Usama Muhammad , Exner Kai S. , Joo Sang Hoon
Published: October 2024

Chlorine (Cl2) is one of the most important commodity chemicals that has found widespread utility in chemical industry. Most Cl2 is currently produced via the chlorine evolution reaction (CER) at the anode of chlor–alkali electrolyzers, for which platinum group‐metal (PGM)‐based mixed metal oxides (MMOs) have been used for more than half a century. However, MMOs suffer from the use of expensive and scarce PGMs and face selectivity problems due to the parasitic oxygen evolution reaction. Over the last decade, the field of CER catalysis has seen dramatic advances in both the theory and discovery of new catalysts. Theoretical approaches have enabled a fundamental understanding of CER mechanisms and provided catalyst design principles. The exploration of new materials has led to the discovery of CER catalysts other than MMOs, including non‐PGM oxides, atomically dispersed single‐site catalysts, and organic molecules, with some of which following novel reaction pathways. This minireview provides an overview of the recent advances in CER electrocatalyst research and suggests future directions for this revitalized field.
Dual Metallosalen‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Artificial Photosynthetic Diluted CO2 Reduction
Authors: Dong Hong , Fang Liang , Chen Ke‐Xin , Wei Jian‐Xin , Li Jia‐Xin , Qiao Xiu , Wang Ya , Zhang Feng‐Ming , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: October 2024

Directly converting CO2 in flue gas using artificial photosynthetic technology represents a promising green approach for CO2 resource utilization. However, it remains a great challenge to achieve efficient reduction of CO2 from flue gas due to the decreased activity of photocatalysts in diluted CO2 atmosphere. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of dual metallosalen‐based covalent organic frameworks (MM‐Salen‐COFs, M: Zn, Ni, Cu) for artificial photosynthetic diluted CO2 reduction and confirmed their advantage in comparison to that of single metal M‐Salen‐COFs. As a results, the ZnZn‐Salen‐COF with dual Zn sites exhibits a prominent visible‐light‐driven CO2‐to‐CO conversion rate of 150.9 μmol g−1 h−1 under pure CO2 atmosphere, which is ~6 times higher than that of single metal Zn‐Salen‐COF. Notably, the dual metal ZnZn‐Salen‐COF still displays efficient CO2 conversion activity of 102.1 μmol g−1 h−1 under diluted CO2 atmosphere from simulated flue gas conditions (15 % CO2), which is a record high activity among COFs‐ and MOFs‐based photocatalysts under the same reaction conditions. Further investigations and theoretical calculations suggest that the synergistic effect between the neighboring dual metal sites in the ZnZn‐Salen‐COF facilitates low concentration CO2 adsorption and activation, thereby lowering the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step.
All‐in‐One Polymer Gel Electrolyte towards High‐Efficiency and Stable Fiber Zinc‐Air Battery
Authors: Yang Zhe , Li Pengzhou , Li Jiaxin , Li Chuanfa , Zhang Yanan , Kong Taoyi , Liao Meng , Song Tianbing , Li Jinyan , Liu Peiyu , Cao Siwei , Wang Yonggang , Chen Peining , Peng Huisheng , Wang Bingjie
Published: October 2024

Fiber zinc‐air batteries are explored as promising power systems for wearable and portable electronic devices due to their intrinsic safety and the use of ambient oxygen as cathode material. However, challenges such as limited zinc anode reversibility and sluggish cathode reaction kinetics result in poor cycling stability and low energy efficiency. To address these challenges, we design a polydopamine‐based all‐in‐one gel electrolyte (PAGE) that simultaneously regulates the reversibility of zinc anodes and the kinetics of air cathodes through polydopamine interfacial and redox chemistry, respectively. The intrinsic catechol and carboxylate groups in PAGE regulate the transport and solvation structure of Zn2+, facilitating dendrite‐free zinc deposition with a lamellar stacking morphology. Additionally, the oxidation of redox‐active catechol groups in PAGE replaces the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction on the air cathode and reduces the energy barrier for charging, enabling fiber zinc‐air batteries to achieve a significantly improved energy efficiency of 95 % and a longer lifespan of 40 hours. Further integration into self‐powered electronic textiles underscores its potential for next‐generation wearable systems.
Three‐Dimensional (3D) Fluoride Molecular Glue to Improve the SnO2/Perovskite Interface for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Zijing , Jiang Shiyu , Du Xiangjin , Li Yiming , Shi Jiangjian , Tian Fubo , Wu Huijue , Luo Yanhong , Li Dongmei , Meng Qingbo
Published: October 2024

Aiming at numerous defects at SnO2/perovskite interface and lattice mismatch in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), we design a kind of three‐dimensional (3D) molecular glue (KBF4‐TFMSA), which is derived from strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction between potassium tetrafluoroborate (KBF4) and trifluoromethane‐sulfonamide (TFMSA). A remarkable efficiency of 25.8 % with negligible hysteresis and a stabilized power output of 25.0 % have been achieved, in addition, 24.57 % certified efficiency of 1 cm2 device is also obtained. Further investigation reveals that this KBF4‐TFMSA can interact with oxygen vacancies and under‐coordinated Sn(IV) from the SnO2, in the meantime, FA+ (NH2−C=NH2+) and K+ cations can be well fixed by hydrogen bonding interaction between FA+ and BF4−, and electrostatic attraction between sulfonyl oxygen and K+ ions, respectively. Thereby, FAPbI3 crystal grain sizes are increased, interfacial defects are significantly reduced while carrier extraction/ transportation is facilitated, leading to better cell performance and excellent stabilities. Non‐encapsulated devices can maintain 91 % of their initial efficiency under maximum‐power‐point (MPP) tracking while continuous illumination (~100 mW cm−2) for 1000 h, and retain 91 % of the initial efficiency after 1000 h “double 60” damp‐heat stability testing (60 °C and 60 %RH (RH, relatively humidity)).
Chiral Polar Bifunctional Polyimide Enantiomers for Asymmetric Photo‐ and Piezo‐Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Sun Yemeng , Ren Xi , Hu Jun , Yu Hongjian , Liu Jingang , Huang Hongwei , Han Jie
Published: October 2024

Chiral catalysts for asymmetric catalysis represent a crucial research focus in chemistry and materials science. However, a few cases about chiral‐dependent photocatalysts primarily focus on plasmonic noble metals. Particularly, developing chiral nano‐catalysts that can be driven by mechanical energy remains in the blank stage. Herein, organic polymer‐based enantiomers, chiral polar polyimide (PI) microspheric nano‐assembly are synthesized as novel bifunctional catalysts for asymmetric photocatalysis and piezocatalysis. The PI catalyst enantiomers present enantioselectivity towards left‐ and right‐circularly polarized light, demonstrating chiral‐dependent H2O2 photoproduction. Interestingly, enantioselectivity of the catalyst reverses under irradiation of different bands, presenting tunability in the interaction between chiral catalysts and circularly polarized light. For the first time, enantioselective piezocatalytic behavior is demonstrated by the chiral polar PI catalysts. They show remarkable chiral preference for asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction and enantioselective conversion of tyrosine substrates under ultrasonic vibration. The findings provide a new perspective into exploring metal‐free chiral catalysts and their asymmetric catalysis applications across multiple energy forms.
Upconversion/Downshifting Circularly Polarized Luminescence over 1200 nm in a Single Nanoparticle for Optical Anticounterfeiting and Information Encryption
Authors: Yang Bowen , Yang Xuefeng , Shi Yonghong , Jin Xue , Li Tiesheng , Liu Minghua , Duan Pengfei
Published: October 2024

Multimodal upconversion and downshifting circularly polarized luminescent materials hold significant potential for optical anticounterfeiting applications due to their exceptional chiroptical properties. However, constructing these materials within a single emitter remains challenging. In this study, a conceptual model of multimodal upconversion/downshifting circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) is realized within a single nanoparticle. A new type of nanoparticles with multilayer core–shell architecture is fabricated, capable of delivering upconversion/downshifting luminescence, when excited by a 980 nm laser. Utilizing a co‐assembly strategy, multimodal upconversion/downshifting CPL emission, covering a broad emission range from ultraviolet (UV) to the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) region, can be realized at the supramolecular level. These chiroptical properties closely follow the chirality of host matrix and are strongly dependent on the distribution mode of nanoparticles within the matrix films. The multimodal upconversion/downshifting CPL behavior enabled cutting‐edge encryption applications including optical anticounterfeiting and information encryption. This work introduces a novel approach to designing multimodal upconversion/downshifting CPL materials and opens new avenues for the development of chiroptical functional materials.
An exploration of the cognitive and affective processes for anaesthetists when performing an emergency front of neck airway*
Authors: Kidd L. R. , Wegrzynek P. , Newell C. , Wainwright E.
Published: October 2024

Emergency front of neck airway (eFONA) is a potentially lifesaving but very high‐stress procedure. We explored the cognitive and affective processes involved via semi‐structured interviews with 17 UK anaesthetists who had attempted eFONA within the previous two years. Thematic analyses generated two meta‐themes: ‘Making the decision is the hardest part; the doing is easier’ and ‘What helps make the decision?’. We found concerns around scrutiny, lack of a flat hierarchy, unfamiliarity with the situation and the lack of a model for transitioning to eFONA. Culture change, using a shared mental model, priming and emotional disengagement, assisted with eFONA decision‐making. Conclusions and implications for practice are presented.
Status Monitoring System of Reciprocating Hydrogen Compressor Based on Hilbert−Huang Transform
Authors: Li Haiyang , Gao Diankui , Zhao Bin
Published: October 2024

A reciprocating hydrogen compressor status monitoring system for predictive maintenance is developed based on HHT (Hilbert−Huang Transform) with multiple functions, strong applicability, and high accuracy to address the problem of difficulty in identifying fault signals and failure to provide advance warning before faults occur in the reciprocating hydrogen compressor state monitoring system. Design framework of monitoring system is confirmed, and function modules are designed based on LabView platform. HHT is applied to monitor the status of reciprocating hydrogen compressor based on LabView platform. A reciprocating hydrogen compressor is selected as research object, status monitoring analysis is carried out. Five working states of reciprocating hydrogen compressor are collected, which conclude normal state, filler malfunction, cross‐head malfunction, air valve malfunction, and piston rod malfunction. HHT is carried out for five signals, and results show that HHT marginal spectrum of five signals has different characteristics. Based on comparison results, precision of HHT ranges from 0.757 to 0.784, recall of HHT ranges from 0.738 to 0.766, F1‐score of HHT ranges from to 0.788 to 0.804, HHT has better performance than other two methods. Proposed monitoring system designed in this study provides a comprehensive and efficient online monitoring and data analysis solution for reciprocating hydrogen compressors, which can achieve fault prediction of reciprocating hydrogen compressor, reduce failure rate, and effectively improve the reliability of the compressor oil injection system.
End Group Effects on Anion Binding in Tetraglycine Peptide: A Computational Study
Authors: Sarma Monalisha , Sarmah Manash Pratim , Sarma Manabendra
Published: October 2024

The importance of anions in various processes has led to a search for molecules that can effectively recognize and interact with these anions. This study explores how the tetraglycine [(Gly)4] peptide in its zwitterionic, neutral, and terminally capped forms acts as a receptor for H2PO4− and HSO4− anions within the framework of supramolecular host‐guest chemistry. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we obtained the conformations of the receptor‐anion complexes. Density functional theory (DFT), quantifies the complexes’ interaction energies in both gas and solvent phases. Proton transfer within the zwitterionic complex with H2PO4− anion alters peptide charge distribution, affecting its conformation and binding site arrangement, as analysed by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods. Symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) and noncovalent interactions analysis highlight the role of electrostatic interactions in these receptor‐anion complexes. It emphasizes the key interactions such as N−H⋅⋅⋅⋅O and O−H⋅⋅⋅O=C between the peptide backbone and anions and elucidates the molecular recognition mechanism driven by crucial noncovalent interactions. The termination of the peptide's end groups modulates anion binding sites from the backbone to the charged N‐terminal, resulting in distinct binding sites. Our findings provide insights for designing peptides tailored to function as anion receptors in diverse supramolecular chemistry applications.
Understanding teacher ethico‐political identity formation from a Foucauldian perspective
Authors: Carswell Desmond , Conway Paul F.
Published: October 2024

In recent years, we have seen an increased politicisation and objectification of what teachers should know, what teachers should do and who teachers should be while they are doing it. While evident across the continua of teacher education, such politicised constructions are particularly acute at initial teacher education. Given such attention to constructing what has been described as a ‘preferred’ teacher identity, this paper explores how prospective teachers construct themselves in ethico‐political terms (i.e., how prospective teachers construct the relationship that they have with themselves and how they account for themselves in that regard). Informed by a Foucauldian perspective and using a composite case that draws on interview data (photovoice and semi‐structured interviews) from a small sample (n = 4) of prospective Irish primary school teachers at various stages during their final semester of initial teacher education, this paper addresses ethico‐political identity in terms of substance, authority sources, self‐practices and telos. Findings illuminate prospective teacher ethico‐political identity as: (i) substance as the basis for nascent teacher practical knowing‐in‐action and pedagogical sensitivities; (ii) temporally organised authority sources; (iii) dynamic and interrelated self‐practices; and (iv) telos as a form of identity prolepsis that emphasises three major valuational endpoints. The paper concludes by contemplating the generativity of an ethico‐political conceptualisation of teacher identity (re)formation for teacher education purposes in terms of its conceptual, contextual, critical and reflective utility.
Does green imprinting affect green entrepreneurial behaviors? The application of imprinting theory and stimulus‐organism‐response theory
Authors: Zhou Jian , Wu Zexin
Published: October 2024

Green entrepreneurship has become pivotal for mitigating resource wastage and safeguarding the ecological environment within the framework of green economic development. Scholars have paid scant attention to investigating the transformation and advancement of green imprinting in shaping individual green entrepreneurial behaviors. In this study, we address this gap by integrating imprinting theory and the stimulus‐organism‐response (SOR) theory, constructing a comprehensive mediating moderation model encompassing green imprinting, green entrepreneurial intentions, green entrepreneurial behaviors, and green self‐efficacy. Through an empirical examination of 331 valid questionnaire responses, we identify two distinct dimensions of green imprinting. Both positive and negative green imprinting exert a notable influence on green entrepreneurial behaviors, with green entrepreneurial intentions serving as a mediating factor between green imprinting and actual entrepreneurial behaviors. Our research carries substantial theoretical and practical implications, enriching our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying green imprinting and providing guidance for entrepreneurs engaged in green business ventures.
Elucidation of the Binding Interaction between β‐Sitosterol and Lysozyme using Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics and Surface Plasmon Resonance Analysis
Authors: Sayğı Tuba Kuşman , Pınar Evren Gazel , Taştekil Ilgaz , Sarıca Pemra Özbek , Topçu Gülaçtı , Türkoğlu Emir Alper
Published: October 2024

In this study, the binding behavior of β‐sitosterol with lysozyme (LZM) was elucidated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), computational molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. Chicken egg white lysozyme (CEWLZM) served as a model protein. Tri‐N‐acetylchitotriose (NAG3) was used in the redocking experiments to generate precise binding location of the protein. β‐sitosterol displayed a slightly better binding energy (−6.68±0.04 kcal/mol) compared to NAG3. Further molecular dynamics simulations and MMPBSA analysis revealed that residues Glu35, Gln57‐Asn59, Trp62, Ile98, Ala107 and Trp108 contribute to the binding energy. Then, 2.5 mg/mL CEWLZM, 1X PBS buffer (pH 7.4) as running and coupling buffers, 30 μL/min as flow rate were applied for SPR analysis. Serial β‐sitosterol injections (20–150 μM) were performed through SPR sensor surface. According to SPR binding study, KD value for β‐sitosterol‐CEWLZM binding interaction was calculated as 71.34±9.79 μM. The results could provide essential knowledge for nutrition, pharmaceutical science, and oral biology.
Endemic Plant Rumex balcanicus: Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Activity, Enzyme Inhibitory Potential and Molecular Docking Analysis
Authors: Krgović Nemanja , Radović Selgrad Jelena , Ilić Tijana , Arsenijević Jelena , Ranđelović Vladimir , Radan Milica , Živković Jelena , Šavikin Katarina , Kundaković Vasović Tatjana
Published: October 2024

Although the nutritional and health benefits of Rumex species are well known, little is known about the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Rumex balcanicus Rech. fil. (Polygonaceae), an endemic plant of the Balkan Peninsula. To the best of our knowledge, this paper represents the first attempt to comparatively analyse phenolic composition, as well as in vitro pharmacological activites of dry hydromethanol extracts of R. balcanicus fruit (RBF), leaf (RBL) and root (RBR), collected in Serbia. The maximum total phenolic content was found in RBF (386.6 mg GAE/g). The RBF was characterized by high amounts of miquelianin (28.8 mg/g) and procyanidin B1 (28.1 mg/g). The RBL was the richest in quercitrin (18.4 mg/g) and miquelianin (15.0 mg/g), while nepodin (54.1 mg/g) and procyanidin B2 (40.6 mg/g) were the major compounds in RBR. The RBF exhibited significant antioxidant activity, evaluated by DPPH (IC50=4.9 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50=0.8 μg/mL) and FRAP (5.9 mmol Fe2+/g) assays. Moreover, RBF showed strong α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50=1.8 μg/mL), in addition to notable anti‐α‐amylase, anti‐acetylcholinesterase and anti‐tyrosinase activities. Molecular docking analysis predicted miquelianin and procyanidin B2 as the greatest inhibitors of these enzymes. Overall, R. balcanicus fruits stood out as the most promising plant material worth further research.
Enzyme Inhibitory Activities and RP‐HPLC Analysis of Geranium and Erodium Species
Authors: Özüpek Burçin , Abaci Kaplan Nurten , Nazlı Gok Hasya , Kahraman Ahmet , Deliorman Orhan Didem , Şenol Deniz Fatma Sezer , Orhan Ilkay Erdogan
Published: October 2024

The genera Geranium and Erodium (Geraniaceae) have been documented to possess diverse ethnopharmacological uses, including diabetes mellitus. Relevant to their ethnopharmacological use, the current study aimed to evaluate the α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzyme inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts from 46 samples belonging to thirty‐one species of Geranium (20) and Erodium (11) collected throughout Türkiye. The majority of the extracts displayed a marked α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibitory activity. Besides, 23 extracts out of 46 exhibited a concentration‐dependent inhibitory effect over 50 % towards AChE. The highest AChE inhibition was found in G. subcaulescens collected from Konya with an IC50 value of 4.73±2.96 μg/mL. E. somanum, E. leucanthum, and E. sipthorpianum exhibited the most potent α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity, while E. birandianum and E. pelargoniiflorum were the most active extracts against AChE and BChE, respectively. Three extracts that had inhibitory activity over 50 % against four of the enzymes were selected and proceeded to RP‐HPLC analysis. Geraniin and ellagic acid were identified as major compounds in the active extracts. Most species screened in the current study were examined for the first time against α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, AChE, and BChE.
Dinuclear Dysprosium Compounds: The Importance of Rigid Bridges
Authors: Pfleger Rouven F. , Briganti Matteo , Bonde Niels , Ollivier Jacques , Braun Jonas , Bergfeldt Thomas , Piligkos Stergios , Ruppert Thomas , Anson Christopher E. , Perfetti Mauro , Bendix Jesper , Powell Annie K.
Published: October 2024

We report the synthesis, structures and magnetic behaviour of two isostructural dinuclear Dy3+ complexes where the metal ions of a previously reported monomeric building block are connected by a peroxide (O22−) or a pair of fluoride (2×F−) bridges. The nature of the bridge determines the distance between the metal ion dipoles leading to a dipolar coupling in the peroxido bridged compound of only ca. 70 % of that in the bis‐fluorido bridged dimer. The sign of the overall coupling between the metals is antiferromagnetic for the peroxido bridged compound and ferromagnetic for the bis‐fluorido bridged complex. This in turn influences the magnetisation dynamics. We compare the relaxation characteristics of the dimers with those of the previously reported monomeric building block. The relaxation dynamics for the bis‐fluorido system are very fast. On the other hand, comparing the properties of the monomer, the peroxido bridged sample and the corresponding Y‐doped sample show that the relaxation properties via a Raman process have very similar parameters. We show that a second dysprosium is important for either tuning or detuning the Single Molecule Magnet (SMM) properties of a system.
Exploring the Magnetism of C5/C2B3 Heteroleptic Organolanthanide Sandwiches
Authors: Liu Ye‐Ye , Luo Qian‐Cheng , Jin Peng‐Bo , Zheng Yan‐Zhen
Published: October 2024

Comprehensive Summary

Two families of cyclopentadienyl (Cp)/carboranyl heteroleptic sandwiched organolanthanide complexes, namely [Ln{η5:σ‐Me2C(C5H4)(C2B10H10)}2][Li(DME)3] (1Ln, Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er) and [2‐THF‐2'‐(μ2‐Cl)Li(THF)3‐2,2'‐Ln(nido‐1,7‐C2B9H11)Cp*] (2Dy), were synthesized. Family of 1Ln has been proposed based on the mixing‐ligands idea by linking Cp and nido‐dicarborllide. However, the carborane cage of [Me2C(C5H4)(C2B10H10)]2− deprotons and forms a mono‐C− anion rather than deboron to form dicarborllide dianion. Hence, the family of 1Ln features a dysprosocenium skeleton with extra two coordination of C− anions of carborllides. Such coordination geometry is more like a tetrahedron if abstracting the centroids of two coordinated Cp rings. In this cubic‐type geometry, no significant magnetic axiality is presented; only 1Dy and 1Tb show field‐induced slow magnetic relaxation behavior below 10 K. Inspired by 1Ln, the free pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*−) and nido‐dicarborllide ligands are used to sandwich central Dy3+ ion, achieving heteroleptic complex 2Dy. The bending angle by linking the centroid of Cp*−, Dy3+ and C2B32− in 2Dy is increased to 132.8(1)°. As such, the effective energy barrier for magnetic reversal (Ueff) and magnetic blocking temperature TB (ZFC) are both increased (Ueff = 616(10) K; TB = 6 K). The effort of further enhancing Ueff and TB in such heteroleptic organolanthanide sandwiches should rely on keeping increasing the ligand axiality.
A Critical Review of the Synthesis and Applications of Spinel‐Derived Catalysts to Bio‐Oil Upgrading
Authors: Yang Sasha , Gu Jinxing , Dai Baiqian , Zhang Lian
Published: October 2024

The transformation of renewable bio‐oil into value‐added chemicals and bio‐oil through catalytic processes embodies an efficient approach within the realm of advancing sustainable energy. Spinel‐based catalysts have garnered significant attention owing to their ability to precisely tune metals within the framework, thereby facilitating adjustments to structural, physical, and electronic properties, coupled with their remarkable thermal stability. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in spinel‐based catalysts tailored specifically for upgrading bio‐oil. Its objective is to shed light on their potential to address the limitations of conventional catalysts, thereby advancing sustainable biofuel production. Initially, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on different metal oxide composites in terms of their similarity and dissimilarity on properties. Subsequently, the synthesis methodologies of spinels are scrutinised and potential avenues for their modification are explored. Following this, an in‐depth discussion ensues regarding the utilisation of spinels as catalysts or catalyst precursors for catalytic cracking, ketonisation, catalytic hydrodeoxygenation, steam and aqueous‐phase reforming, as well as electrocatalytic upgrading of bio‐oil, with a specific emphasis on elucidating their catalytic reactivity, and underlying structure‐activity correlation and catalysis mechanisms. Finally, the challenges and potential prospects in utilising spinels for the catalytic valorisation of renewable biofuel are addressed, with a specific focus on the use of machine learning – based approaches to optimise the structure and activity of spinel catalysts. This review aims to provide specific directions for further exploration and maximisation of the spinel catalysts in the bio‐oil upgrading field.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy versus hepaticogastrostomy combined with gastroenterostomy in malignant double obstruction (CABRIOLET_Pro): A prospective comparative study
Authors: Vanella Giuseppe , Leone Roberto , Frigo Francesco , Bronswijk Michiel , van Wanrooij Roy L. J. , Tamburrino Domenico , Orsi Giulia , Belfiori Giulio , Macchini Marina , Reni Michele , Aldrighetti Luca , Falconi Massimo , Capurso Gabriele , van der Merwe Schalk , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Malignant double obstruction, defined as the simultaneous presence of biliary and gastric outlet obstruction, represents a challenging clinical scenario. Previous retrospective experiences have demonstrated shorter dysfunction‐free survival (DyFS) of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS‐CDS) versus EUS‐hepaticogastrostomy (EUS‐HGS) in this setting, but no prospective evidence is available.

Methods

Twenty consecutive patients with malignant double obstruction, treated with EUS‐gastroenterostomy (and EUS‐guided biliary drainage, following a previously failed ERCP, were enrolled in a prospective observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04813055) comparing EUS‐CDS versus EUS‐HGS. Efficacy and safety were evaluated, with Biliary Dysfunctions as the primary outcome and DyFS using Kaplan‐Meier estimates as a primary measure.

Results

Twenty patients (75% with pancreatic cancer, 50% with metastatic disease) with EUS‐gastroenterostomy were included (seven EUS‐CDS and 13 EUS‐HGS). No significant difference was detected at baseline. Technical success was 100% in both groups. EUS‐CDS compared to EUS‐HGS showed similar clinical success (100% vs. 92.3%, p = 0.5), a higher rate of post‐procedural adverse events (42.9% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.067, mostly related to severe/fatal cholangitis in the EUS‐CDS group) and a higher rate of biliary dysfunctions during follow‐up (71.4% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.002).

DyFS was significantly shorter in the EUS‐CDS group (39 [15–62] vs. 268 [192–344] days, p = 0.0023), with a 30‐days DyFS probability of 57.1% vs. 100% (hazard ratio = 7.8 [1.4–44.2]).

Conclusions

In this prospective comparison of patients with malignant double obstruction undergoing EUS‐gastroenterostomy, treating jaundice with EUS‐CDS versus EUS‐HGS resulted in a reduced probability of survival without biliary events and an increased risk of biliary dysfunctions (number needed to harm = 1.8), with detection of severe/fatal cholangitis.
Comparative clumped isotope temperature relationships in freshwater carbonates
Authors: Arnold Alexandrea , Mering John , Chari Lauren , Román‐Palacios Cristian , Li Huashu , Petrys,hyn Victoria , Mitsunaga Bryce , Elliott Ben , Wilson John , Lucarelli Jamie , Boch Ronny , Ibarra Daniel , Li Lin , Fan Majie , Kaufman Darrell , Cohen Andrew , Dunbar Rob , Russell James , Lalonde Stefan , Roy Priyadarsi D. , Dietzel Martin , Liu Xingqi , Chang Fengming , Eagle Robert A. , Tripati Aradhna
Published: October 2024

Lacustrine, riverine and spring carbonates represent archives of terrestrial climates and their geochemistry has been used to study palaeoenvironments. Clumped isotope thermometry is an emerging tool that has been applied to freshwater carbonates. Limited work has been done to evaluate comparative relationships between clumped isotopes and temperature in different types of modern freshwater carbonates. This study assembles an extensive calibration data set with 135 samples of modern freshwater carbonates from 96 sites and constrains the relationship between independent observations of water temperature and the clumped isotopic composition of carbonates (denoted by Δ47), including new measurements, and recalculates published data in accordance with current community‐defined standard values. For temperature reconstruction, the study reports a composite freshwater calibration and material‐specific calibrations for biogenic carbonates (freshwater gastropods and bivalves), fine‐grained carbonate (e.g. micrites), biologically mediated carbonates (microbialites and tufas) and travertines. Material‐specific calibration trends show a convergence of slopes that are in agreement with recently published syntheses, but statistically significant differences in intercepts occur between some materials (e.g. some biogenics, fine‐grained carbonates). These differences may arise due to unresolved seasonal biases, kinetic isotope effects and/or varying degrees of biological influence. The impact of different calibrations is shown through application to new data for glacial and deglacial age travertines from Austria and published data sets. While material‐specific calibrations may yield more accurate results for biogenic and fine‐grained carbonate samples, the use of material‐specific and the composite freshwater calibrations generally produces values within 1.0–1.5°C of each other, and typically fall within calibration uncertainty given limitations of precision.
Functional significance of earthworm clitellum in regulating the various biological aspects of cell survival and regeneration
Authors: Selvan Christyraj Jackson Durairaj , Vaidhyalingham Ashwin Barath , Sengupta Chandini , Rajagopalan Kamarajan , Vadivelu Kayalvizhi , Suresh Nandha Kumar , Venkatachalam Bharathi
Published: October 2024

Earthworms are a highly abundant species in nature, with nearly 7000 different species being discovered. Despite the similarities in morphology among earthworm species, their regeneration capabilities vary based on the clitellum. The clitellum plays a crucial role in the clitellum‐dependent worms, as it is involved in the processes of regeneration and reproduction in earthworms. The fascinating characteristic of the clitellum, which serves as a hub for stem cells in clitellum‐dependent worms, plays a crucial role in various biological processes that require further exploration. This review focuses on the overall physiological functions and uncovers the lesser‐known roles of the clitellum that have been documented in various research articles. In recent times, numerous studies have been conducted using the earthworm model to explore various areas. In that regard, the clitellum's different roles in regulating and controlling stem cells, the regeneration process, regulation of organogenesis, stress response, aging, autotomy, and various features have been briefly discussed. Ultimately, we emphasized the unique and versatile role of the clitellum in the animal model, making it an ideal choice for studying development, regeneration, stem cells, organogenesis, toxicology, autotomy, and aging response.
Functional diversity dynamics of waterbird communities driven by water levels at Shengjin Lake, a small river‐connected shallow lake in the middle and lower Yangtze River floodplain
Authors: Wang Yongzhi , Ji Xianglin , Zhou Lizhi
Published: October 2024

Gate‐controlled activities in lakes can directly or indirectly influence the assembly of waterbird communities. Shengjin Lake, a Ramsar site, is a typical river‐connected and gate‐controlled shallow lake in the lower and middle Yangtze River floodplain in China, comprising three sub‐lakes (upper, middle, and lower) based on topographical features. We surveyed wintering waterbirds at Shengjin Lake from October 2022 to March 2023. We divided the winter water level period into nine phases based on the characteristics of water level changes. By measuring functional diversity, we aimed to provide insights into the differences in waterbird communities among the three sub‐lakes under different water level conditions. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between habitat factors and functional diversity. We further explored the relationship between specific functional traits and habitat factors through a combination of the R‐mode linked to the Q‐mode and the trait‐environment correlation matrix (fourth‐corner analyses) to explain the mechanism underlying waterbird community assembly. When the water level fluctuated in the range of 10.43–10.74 m (Huanghai elevation), the three sub‐lakes had significant habitat differences and high habitat heterogeneity, increasing functional richness and functional dispersion of the upper and lower lakes, both of which significantly differed from those of the middle lake. Habitat heterogeneity and mudflat habitats have positive effects on functional diversity. The difference in functional diversity was primarily determined based on the foraging traits and strata of waterbirds. Habitat filtering of particular traits is a major driving force underlying the assembly of waterbird communities. Overall, we suggest that the minimum water level in the wintering period at Shengjin Lake should be regulated between 10.43 and 10.74 m. These findings provide reasonable suggestions for water level regulation and a theoretical basis for conserving waterbird diversity at Shengjin Lake.
Temperature‐driven convergence and divergence of ecohydrological dynamics in the ecosystems of a sky island mountain range
Authors: Petrie Matthew D. , Bradford John B. , Schlaepfer Daniel R.
Published: October 2024

Forest and woodland decline is predicted to be increasingly influenced by meteorological variation and climate change in the future. By determining how meteorological variation leads to similar versus differing ecohydrological dynamics of forest and woodland ecosystems, we can gain insight on how future climate‐driven declines may be realized. We characterized 23 mixed conifer forest (MC), ponderosa pine forest (PP) and piñon pine–juniper woodland (PJ) sites with different canopy covers in southern Nevada, USA. We compared meteorological variation between these sites and employed water balance modelling and information theory to estimate similarity in the density distributions of soil temperature (Ts), soil water potential (SWP) and transpiration partitioning into total evapotranspiration (T/ET) within and across ecosystems in wetter and drier seasons and in cooler and warmer decades. From 1941 to 2020, this location experienced declines in meteorological water deficit due to higher precipitation, although temperatures increased over more recent time periods (1981–2020). From 1981 to 2020, we generally found greater similarity in SWP and T/ET distributions within MC sites and PP sites in the cool season and in the warm season generally found greater similarity in Ts and T/ET distributions within and between PP and PJ sites (excepting T/ET between PJ sites and higher canopy cover PP sites). Recent warm decades promoted convergence in warm and cool season Ts dynamics, such that Ts dynamics generally became more similar between higher elevation MC sites and lower elevation PP–PJ sites. At the same time, warmer decades initiated divergence of SWP and T/ET dynamics within groups of MC–PP and PP–PJ sites that were formerly more similar to each other (excepting SWP in wet seasons). Although their dynamics will remain strongly coupled to precipitation, warming temperatures have the potential to promote divergence in the ecohydrological dynamics of ecosystems at lower and higher elevations in this sky island system and may also promote novel within‐ecosystem divergence associated with variation in vegetation structural attributes.
High beta diversity of gaps contributes to plot‐level tree diversity in a tropical forest
Authors: Kong Fanhua , He Fangliang , Chisholm Ryan A.
Published: October 2024

Canopy gaps are widely recognized as being crucial for maintaining the diversity of forest tree communities. But empirical studies have found mixed results because the differences in diversity between individual gaps and non‐gaps are often small and statistically undetectable. One overlooked factor, however, is how small individual gap versus non‐gap differences may accumulate across sites and potentially have a large effect on forest diversity at the plot scale. Our study investigated sapling richness, density, and composition in 124 treefall gaps, and 200 non‐gap sites in the 50‐ha tropical forest plot at Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. Additionally, we analyzed species accumulation curves to understand how species richness increases with increasing stem numbers. We observed that sapling richness and density were only slightly higher in gaps 7 years after formation and statistically indistinguishable from non‐gaps after 12 years. However, species accumulation curves across multiple gaps were substantially higher than those across non‐gaps. Species composition showed small differences between individual gaps and non‐gaps but differed significantly between collections of gaps and non‐gaps. Specifically, 55 species specialized in 7‐year‐old gaps compared with 24 in non‐gaps; of these, 23 gap‐specialized species and zero non‐gap species were pioneers. Our results indicate that tree species richness is higher in gaps because of both higher stem density and the presence of gap‐specialized species. Our study has finally provided compelling evidence to support the idea that gaps enhance the overall diversity of tropical forest tree communities.
Optimizing Winglet Cant Angle for Enhanced Aircraft Wing Performance Using CFD Simulation and Hybrid ANN‐GA
Authors: Mandia Vidhit , Sharma Vipul , Chandra Yash , Kumar Gaurav , Singh Raj Kumar
Published: October 2024

Winglets are an extended angled or vertical projected at the wing tips used to reduce the drag encountered during the flight of an aircraft. The main aim of this research was to study the effects of winglets on NACA 4412 airfoil at 15° angle of attack. The simulation was done on the basis of the aerodynamic properties such as lift (CL), drag (CD), and lift/drag (CL/CD) ratio for both with and without the winglets at various cant angles. The designing was carried out in ANSYS Design Modeler for both with and without winglet. Further, the meshing part was again carried out in ANSYS Mesh. K‐Epsilon (two equation) turbulence model is used for the simulation at the inlet speed of 100 m/s, since it is the most common model used to simulate the mean flow characteristics for high turbulent conditions. Further, the cant angle has been optimized to get the maximum coefficient of lift using Nelder Mead, Genetic Algorithm, and Genetic Algorithm with ANN optimization techniques.
Utilities and the Future Grid
Authors: Khalid Saba
Published: October 2024

It is widely accepted among energy industry professionals that the industry is undergoing a significant and rapid transformation. There are increasing challenges facing the industry including extreme weather events, widespread aging of the electric grid infrastructure, rapidly increasing electricity demand, as well as the impact of climate change policy initiatives. This has spurred an innovation rebirth in an industry that has traditionally been viewed as outdated, and most importantly inaccessible for participation by average customers. However, as the challenges of the changing industry and effects of climate change are impacting their day‐to‐day lifestyles, energy customers are now demanding more visibility, choices, and flexibility from their energy providers, putting a spotlight on the roles and services of utility companies.
Data Center Problems
Authors: Makholm Jeff D. , Olive Laura T.W.
Published: October 2024

“Hyperscale” data centers accompanying the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the fastest growing uses of electricity in the United States and the rest of the world. Indeed, such growth, with the retirement of dispatchable fossil fuel electricity plants, drives persistent warnings about potential reliability problems for the US power system. As Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's (FERC's) Commissioner Mark Christie warned in late July, to the House Subcommittee on Energy, Climate, and Grid Security.
Surge in Power and Gas Demand in the Southeast Atlantic—Reasons and Solutions
Authors: Smead Richard G.
Published: October 2024

The Southeast Atlantic region (much of it in Virginia and the Carolinas) is anticipating an extraordinary growth in electric demand over the next few years, with a resulting surge in natural gas demand. Utilities in all three states, anticipating rapid growth in electricity demand through the 2030s, have ambitious plans for renewables. However, these states are acknowledging that solar and offshore wind will need to be backed up by a significant increase in natural gas‐fired generation to join energy storage in providing load‐following dispatchable power, to compensate for the variability of wind and solar generation. There is also a recognition that load is growing too fast to rely solely on new wind and solar for baseload generation. Further, a significant amount of remaining coal‐fired generation is expected to phase out in the three states, creating the need for more generation unrelated to load growth.