bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exposing omitted moderators: Explaining why effect sizes differ in the social sciences
Authors: Krefeld-Schwalb Antonia , Sugerman Eli Rosen , Johnson Eric J.
Published: March 2024

Policymakers increasingly rely on behavioral science in response to global challenges, such as climate change or global health crises. But applications of behavioral science face an important problem: Interventions often exert substantially different effects across contexts and individuals. We examine this heterogeneity for different paradigms that underlie many behavioral interventions. We study the paradigms in a series of five preregistered studies across one in-person and 10 online panels, with over 11,000 respondents in total. We find substantial heterogeneity across settings and paradigms, apply techniques for modeling the heterogeneity, and introduce a framework that measures typically omitted moderators. The framework’s factors (Fluid Intelligence, Attentiveness, Crystallized Intelligence, and Experience) affect the effectiveness of many text-based interventions, producing different observed effect sizes and explaining variations across samples. Moderators are associated with effect sizes through two paths, with the intensity of the manipulation and with the effect of the manipulation directly. Our results motivate observing these moderators and provide a theoretical and empirical framework for understanding and predicting varying effect sizes in the social sciences.
Using global remote camera data of a solitary species complex to evaluate the drivers of group formation
Authors: Twining Joshua P. , Sutherland Chris , Zalewski Andrzej , Cove Michael V. , Birks Johnny , Wearn Oliver R. , Haysom Jessica , Wereszczuk Anna , Manzo Emiliano , Bartolommei Paola , Mortelliti Alessio , Evans Bryn , Gerber Brian D. , McGreevy Thomas J. , Ganoe Laken S. , Masseloux Juliana , Mayer Amy E. , Wierzbowska Izabela , Loch Jan , Akins Jocelyn , Drummey Donovan , McShea William , Manka Stephanie , Pardo Lain , Boyce Andy J. , Li Sheng , Ragai Roslina Binti , Sukmasuang Ronglarp , Villafañe Trujillo Álvaro José , López-González Carlos , Lara-Díaz Nalleli Elvira , Cosby Olivia , Waggershauser Cristian N. , Bamber Jack , Stewart Frances , Fisher Jason , Fuller Angela K. , Perkins Kelly A. , Powell Roger A.
Published: March 2024

The social system of animals involves a complex interplay between physiology, natural history, and the environment. Long relied upon discrete categorizations of “social” and “solitary” inhibit our capacity to understand species and their interactions with the world around them. Here, we use a globally distributed camera trapping dataset to test the drivers of aggregating into groups in a species complex (martens and relatives, family
Mustelidae
, Order
Carnivora
) assumed to be obligately solitary. We use a simple quantification, the probability of being detected in a group, that was applied across our globally derived camera trap dataset. Using a series of binomial generalized mixed-effects models applied to a dataset of 16,483 independent detections across 17 countries on four continents we test explicit hypotheses about potential drivers of group formation. We observe a wide range of probabilities of being detected in groups within the solitary model system, with the probability of aggregating in groups varying by more than an order of magnitude. We demonstrate that a species’ context-dependent proclivity toward aggregating in groups is underpinned by a range of resource-related factors, primarily the distribution of resources, with increasing patchiness of resources facilitating group formation, as well as interactions between environmental conditions (resource constancy/winter severity) and physiology (energy storage capabilities). The wide variation in propensities to aggregate with conspecifics observed here highlights how continued failure to recognize complexities in the social behaviors of apparently solitary species limits our understanding not only of the individual species but also the causes and consequences of group formation.
Chiral symmetry breaking and topological charge of zigzag graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Cheol Lee Hyun , Eric Yang S-R
Published: March 2024

Interacting quasi-one-dimensional zigzag graphene nanoribbons display gapped edge excitations. Although the self-consistent Hartree–Fock fields break chiral symmetry, our work demonstrates that zigzag graphene nanoribbons maintain their status as short-range entangled symmetry-protected topological insulators. The relevant symmetry involves combined mirror and time-reversal operations. In undoped ribbons displaying edge ferromagnetism, the band gap edge states with a topological charge form on the zigzag edges. An analysis of the anomalous continuity equation elucidates that this topological charge is induced by the gap term. In low-doped zigzag ribbons, where the ground state exhibits edge spin density waves, this topological charge appears as a nearly zero-energy edge mode. Our system is outside the conventional classification for topological insulators.
A method for human behavior identification based on integrated sensor data using XGBoost classifier with PCA techniques
Authors: Thakur Divya , Lalwani Praveen
Published: March 2024

In recent decades, there has been a noticeable increase in the recognition among professionals of the importance of human acts. The identification of human activity has gained significant prominence because of its wide-ranging applications in several domains, including healthcare and recreational activities. Moreover, a substantial body of research in the field of machine learning has been dedicated to the development of methodologies aimed at automating the identification and analysis of human behavior. This increased interest is mostly due to the fact that there are now more tools that can collect information about how people live their daily lives. The data utilized in this study is readily available for public access on the Internet. The data set under consideration comprises sensor readings from several components integrated inside the smartphone, including the global positioning system (GPS), accelerometer, magnetometer, and gyroscope. The data sets are indifferent to the categories, positions, or alignments of the items. The data set is of considerable magnitude due to its collection from several sensors, including GPS, accelerometer, magnetometer, and gyroscope. Consequently, we are employing the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique to diminish the dimensionality of the data and enhance its precision. Our recommendation is to utilize the XGBoost classifier in combination with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The recommended model had a total identification rate of 97.58%. In order to demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed method, we employ a 10-fold cross-validation technique, together with the utilization of a confusion matrix and ROC curve. These evaluation metrics serve to provide a tangible illustration of the recommended strategy. The proposed methodology might have encouraging outcomes in effectively discerning human behaviors, thereby potentially facilitating the restoration of walking and pushing gaits into a Bipedal Robot and other Parkinson’s diseases.
Inference of complex reaction mechanisms applying model reduction techniques
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad , Mustafa Soma , Khoshnaw Sarbaz H A
Published: March 2024

Both structural (number of species and reactions) and temporal (extremely diverse reaction rates) aspects of complexity are considered when describing large chemical reaction networks. A consistent way to make model reduction is to construct the invariant manifold, which describes the asymptotic system behavior. Preliminary approximations to SIM (Slow Invariant Manifold) are constructed using the model reduction techniques (MRTs): the Quasi-Equilibrium Manifold (QEM), the Spectral Quasi-Equilibrium Manifold (SQEM), and the Intrinsic Low-Dimension Manifold (ILDM). In this paper, the activities of the concerned species and the overall dynamics of the system are examined. Two examples are used to demonstrate the techniques: the Michaelis–Menten mechanism, which is a single reaction mechanism, and a multi-route route reaction mechanism. The behavior of each species on the available route is covered separately. As a result, the reduced invariant solution curve of several approaches is illustrated, along with a comparison of these methods in various graphs. Sensitivity analysis is applied using the SimBiology toolbox in MATLAB to monitor the role of each parameter involved. All the results of model reduction techniques are simulated through MATLAB.
Multiple-image encryption scheme based on a new 2D hyperchaotic map with blurred pixels
Authors: Zhou Lili , Lin Zeqin , Tan Fei
Published: March 2024

It is known that chaotic, especially hyperchaotic system can be suitable for the application in image encryption owing to itself characteristics. While currently, certain improved chaotic or hyperchaotic systems are confronted with the security issue of encryption due to their less complex dynamical behaviors. To address the problem well, we introduce a novel two-dimensional (2D) crossed hyperchaotic map which is based on the logistic map and the infinite collapse map. The analysis of phase diagram and Lyapunov exponential spectrum demonstrate that the given system can exhibit extensive hyperchaotic behavior and good traversal properties. Moreover, the growing use of digital images has prompted demand for multi-image encryption scheme. For this reason, based on the given 2D crossed hyperchaotic map, a multiple image encryption (MIE) scheme that employs a cross-plane with the operation of simultaneous permutation and diffusion to modify the values of its positions and pixels across multiple images is proposed. A pixel blur preprocessing technique is introduced such that the efficiency of key calculation and the speed and safety of information encryption are greatly improved. Eventually, some simulation examples and security analysis reveal that the put forward encryption scheme is able to keep out kinds of attacks such as the selective plaintext attacks and data loss.
Unveiling novel dynamics in Q-deformed Sinh-Gordon model: exploring explicit wave solutions and stability analysis
Authors: Raza Nauman , Arshed Saima , Ali Shah Nehad , Abdel-Aty Abdel-Haleem , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Albalawi Wedad , Mahmoud Mona
Published: March 2024

The new generalized Q-deformed Sinh-Gordon equation is investigated in this article. Numerous physical interpretations and applications exist for the said model in several scientific fields. Therefore, for analyzing the underlying physical system, it is imperative to look at the traveling wave behavior displayed by this equation. To complete our thrust three innovative integration architectures including the modified sub-equation method, the

G
′

/

(
bG
′
+
G
+
a
)

-expansion method and

G
′

G

2

-expansion method have been utilized to create precise closed form traveling wave solutions. These methods provide solutions in the form of hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions and rational solutions. The obtained solutions are discussed with 3D surface plots and 2D line plots to visualize and support the theoretical results. Furthermore, stability for the model is also discussed. This paper discusses a major development as well as gradual improvements to previous works on the current model. Moreover, we discuss the stability analysis of the studied equation and the outcomes are visually depicted in graphical form. To authenticate the solutions provided in this manuscript, each solution undergoes a meticulous validation process.
Coexisting fast–slow dendritic traveling waves in a 3D-array electric field coupled neuronal network
Authors: Wei 魏 Xile 熙乐 , Ren 任 Zeyu 泽宇 , Lu 卢 Meili 梅丽 , Fan 樊 Yaqin 亚琴 , Chang 常 Siyuan 思远
Published: March 2024

Coexistence of fast and slow traveling waves without synaptic transmission has been found in hhhippocampal tissues, which is closely related to both normal brain activity and abnormal neural activity such as epileptic discharge. However, the propagation mechanism behind this coexistence phenomenon remains unclear. In this paper, a three-dimensional electric field coupled hippocampal neural network is established to investigate generation of coexisting spontaneous fast and slow traveling waves. This model captures two types of dendritic traveling waves propagating in both transverse and longitude directions: the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-dependent wave with a speed of about 0.1 m/s and the Ca-dependent wave with a speed of about 0.009 m/s. These traveling waves are synaptic-independent and could be conducted only by the electric fields generated by neighboring neurons, which are basically consistent with the in vitro data measured experiments. It is also found that the slow Ca wave could trigger generation of fast NMDA waves in the propagation path of slow waves whereas fast NMDA waves cannot affect the propagation of slow Ca waves. These results suggest that dendritic Ca waves could acted as the source of the coexistence fast and slow waves. Furthermore, we also confirm the impact of cellular spacing heterogeneity on the onset of coexisting fast and slow waves. The local region with decreasing distances among neighbor neurons is more liable to promote the onset of spontaneous slow waves which, as sources, excite propagation of fast waves. These modeling studies provide possible biophysical mechanisms underlying the neural dynamics of spontaneous traveling waves in brain tissues.
Extensive numerical simulations on competitive growth between the Edwards–Wilkinson and Kardar–Parisi–Zhang universality classes
Authors: Yu 余 Chengzhi 成志 , Liu 刘 Xiao 潇 , Tang 唐 Jun 军 , Xia 夏 Hui 辉
Published: March 2024

Extensive numerical simulations and scaling analysis are performed to investigate competitive growth between the linear and nonlinear stochastic dynamic growth systems, which belong to the Edwards–Wilkinson (EW) and Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) universality classes, respectively. The linear growth systems include the EW equation and the model of random deposition with surface relaxation (RDSR), the nonlinear growth systems involve the KPZ equation and typical discrete models including ballistic deposition (BD), etching, and restricted solid on solid (RSOS). The scaling exponents are obtained in both the (1 + 1)- and (2 + 1)-dimensional competitive growth with the nonlinear growth probability p and the linear proportion 1 – p. Our results show that, when p changes from 0 to 1, there exist non-trivial crossover effects from EW to KPZ universality classes based on different competitive growth rules. Furthermore, the growth rate and the porosity are also estimated within various linear and nonlinear growths of cooperation and competition.
Morphology Study for GeV Emission of Nearby Supernova Remnant G332.5-5.6
Authors: Luo Ming-Hong , Tang Qing-Wen , Mo Xiu-Rong
Published: March 2024

A spatial template is important to study nearby supernova remnants (SNRs). For SNR G332.5-5.6, we report a Gaussian disk with a radius of about 1.°06 to be a potential good spatial model in the γ-ray band. Employing this new Gaussian disk, its GeV lightcurve shows a significant variability of about seven sigma. The γ-ray observations of this SNR could be explained well either by a leptonic model or a hadronic model, in which a flat spectrum for the ejected electrons/protons is required.
Evaluation of the thermal capacity of cement-based thermal energy storage components. A case study
Authors: Ortiz-Vasquez L F , Endrino J L , Roque E , Montero-Chacón F
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we evaluate the heat capacity performance of cement-based heat exchangers for thermal energy storage and analyze their structural integrity under elevated temperatures. Fluid flow is modeled using the Navier-Stokes equations, conservation of mass, and energy. The response of the cement-based material is modeled considering thermomechanical coupling, obtaining the temperature profile within the thermal energy storage. This study allows us to observe the thermal energy storage capabilities for different thermal energy storage designs: plain concrete and concrete with nanoparticles of SiO2. Finally, we use our model for the evaluation of the concrete thermal energy storage component, which has been previously functionalized for use in low to medium temperature ranges (i.e., 100 °C to 400 °C).
Computational modeling and analysis of a fluid test rig
Authors: Hernandez-Salazar C A , Endrino J L , Diaz F H , Calero C A , Zurita-Gotor M , V-Niño E D
Published: March 2024

Nanofluids, which are suspensions of metallic or ceramic nanoparticle fillers in a variety of liquids, are a new category of heat-transfer fluids. Owing to the changes in thermal conductivity caused by nanofillers, they have thermal properties that are superior to those of conventional fluids; this leads to a more efficient heat transfer, making them attractive for various industrial applications. Using numerical models to support in situ experiments is necessary to analyze nanofluids’ thermal properties and flow; creating a test ring has been suggested to describe the characteristics and behavior of fluids under controlled conditions. Modeling and computational analysis support such advances, which are essential for understanding and optimizing phenomena occurring during experimental tests; the modeling and computational analysis of a test rig designed to characterize a diphenyl oxide/biphenyl blend base fluid are presented in this research work. The test rig design included an integrated stainless-steel piping system with a flow-controlled pump and heat exchanger; the computational model considers the conjugate effects of fluid dynamics to facilitate the construction of test rigs.
Protecting the Well-being of the People with Disabilities in Achieving the Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Krishnamoorthi Charmilaa , Shariff Ahmad Azam Mohd , Yahya Mohamad Azhan , Hassan Muhamad Sayuti , Kamaruddin Hanim
Published: March 2024

As the nation is leaning towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), it is pertinent and crucial to look into the plights faced by people with disabilities in this country. This study delves straight into the current socio-legal climate surrounding them. It adopts methods of content and critical analysis when analysing the data qualitatively. The findings show that even though the overall social acceptance and reception have improved over the years, some members of the people with disabilities community have faced unfair treatment during job scouting, job interviews or while at work. From a legal point of view, an ambiguity in a provision under the Persons with Disabilities Act 2008 has resulted in inaccuracy and false interpretation by the local authorities, leading to poor and shoddy construction of public amenities for people with disabilities. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974 in ensuring accessibility of public facilities for the people with disabilities remains questionable. In the concerted effort to achieve Goal No. 9 of developing quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure supporting economic development and human well-being and Goal No. 10 of reducing income inequality under the nation’s SDG, the above-mentioned socio-legal problems must be urgently addressed.
The Efficiency of Vertical Plants’ Types and Catchment Areas for Absorbing Carbon Dioxide in Ambient Air
Authors: Taufiqi Hervina , Santoso Irwan Bagyo , Karnaningroem Nieke
Published: March 2024

The Indonesian government has set regulation, whereby 30% of the city region should be repurposed as green open spaces to mitigate climate change. However, several cities have not attained this because of a lack of land availability. One of the potential solutions is using of vertical gardens that can absorb CO2 in limited areas. The study aims to determine the CO2 absorption by several vertical plants at different sizes of planting areas and elevations. The study was conducted on three sites in the Department of Environmental Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember under various circumstances. The study variables included: (i) plant species, i.e. Antigonon leptopus, Epipremnum aureum, and Vernonia elliptica, which were grown in a 55×40×37cm box reactor, (ii) different catchment or planting areas (25%, 50%, and 75% of the reactor’s surface area), as well as (iii) elevations (0 m, 4.5 m, and 8.5 m above ground level). A single reactor was used as control variable. The parameters under observation were CO2 level, temperature, and light intensity recorded hourly from 06.00 a.m. to 06.00 p.m. The capability of the plant to absorb determined by the difference of Net-CO2-Con. The result shows that the more plant’s catchment areas positively contribute to the reduced CO2. The 75% of Antigonon leptopus potentially decreased by 314 ppmCO2/day, while 50% and 25% of it only decreased by 271 ppmCO2/day and 119 ppmCO2/day. Antigonon leptopus is the most efficient plant in its light tolerance, compared to other plants. Antigonon leptopus showed the highest CO2 uptake value at 314 ppmCO2/day, while Epipremnum aureum and Vernonia elliptica displayed 126 ppmCO2/day and 184 ppmCO2/day respectively. However, the CO2 uptake capability of each plant at different elevations was subjected to bias due to coverage by buildings and canopies. This altered the intensity of sunlight and interfered with plant assimilation, ultimately impacted the uptake capability of CO2.
Preliminary study of tsunami simulations on megathrust earthquake scenarios in Pacitan Regency, East Java
Authors: Widodo A , Aditama F Y , Rochman J P G N , Kartikasari D , Putra N M , Pribadi S
Published: March 2024

During the period 1600 to 2007 there have been approximately 109 tsunamis in Indonesia with 90% caused by tectonic earthquakes. Pacitan located in an east java segment subduction area which is very prone to earthquakes and tsunamis. The coastal morphology of Pacitan has great potential for tsunami hazard. This research is focused on conducting numerical modeling of the tsunami generated by the hypothetical megathrust earthquake in the East Java segment with a magnitude of Mw 8.7. The method used is Cornell-Multi Grid Coupled applied shallow water equation with COMCOT 1.7 software. The nested grid system uses 4-layer consisting of 1-layer GEBCO, 2-layer bathymetry, and 1-layer integration of bathymetry and topography to produce tsunami modeling with high resolution. The results showed that the megathrust hypothetical earthquake scenario for the East Java segment caused a vertical displacement at sea level of -4.599 m to 7.019 m. The tsunami propagation northwards towards the Pacitan coast had a maximum amplitude of 33.16 m with a travel time of 23 – 29 minutes and then spreads in all directions. The farthest inundation range occurred in Pacitan Subdistrict as far as 4.189 km to the north of Ranuharjo Beach, while the maximum run-up of 21.82 m occurred in Soge Beach, Ngadirojo Subdistrict. The farthest affected area of inundation occurs on a gently sloping morphology with a slope of 0-8%, the highest run-up is on a moderate to steep sloping morphology with a slope of more than 25%. The results of tsunami simulation can be used for planning tsunami disaster mitigation in Pacitan.
Mapping Underground River Flows in karst Areas with the VLF-EM Method (Case Study of the Krawak Region, Singgahan Tuban)
Authors: Purwanto M S , Susilo A , Bahri A S , Naba A , Sari U I , Almais A T W
Published: March 2024

The Krawak Springs is a source of springs from the cracks of river rocks in the middle of a teak forest in Guwoterus Village, Montong District, Tuban. This spring is a source of irrigation water for agricultural land in the District of Montong. Based on its urgency, it is necessary maintaining its sustainability by identifying recharge areas and underground river flows. VLF is quite advantageous for use in the regional mapping underground rivers in karst areas because can describe the structure of the karst environment and predict interconnected pathways in karst. Data acquisition uses four tracks with an average length of about 300 m. Data processing was made qualitatively using MATLAB software and quantitatively using Inv2DVLF software. Qualitative results show that the conductive zone is identified as a subsurface river flow. From the processing results, it is known that the subsurface river flow zone can be identified as a zone that is conductive or has low resistivity. The underground river flow is interpreted to be located on Track 3 and Track 4 and has a direction of continuity to the southwest
Site classification Based on Shear Wave Velocity Inversion in The Jlantah Dam Construction Project using the HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio) Analysis Method
Authors: Rasyid Alwan M. , Rochman Juan Pandu Gya Nur , Widodo Amien , Nabiha M. Reyhan , Mikael Mario P.P , Salam Ilham Fikri
Published: March 2024

This research was conducted with the aim to test whether the results of the inversion of the HVSR curve can be used as complementary data for N-SPT values in classifying areas according to site classification. The inversion result in the form of shear wave velocity (VS
) is then compared directly with the N-SPT data in several boreholes. Ellipticity curve method is used for inversion. The data generated in this study are dominant frequency, Amplitude Peak, and H/V curve as a result of the HVSR analysis performed on microtremor data. Furthermore, an inversion was carried out on the H/V curve by taking into account secondary data in the form of borehole, shear wave velocity, density and poisson ratio for each type of lithology. The dominant frequency value obtained has a value range of 0.33 to 17.15 Hz. The Amplitude Peak obtained in the study area has a value range of 1.81 – 11.4. The inversion (VS
) value has a range of 110.5 m/s – 400 m/s, so it is included in the classification of Soft Soil, Medium Soil, and Hard Soil and Soft Rock. The correlation of and N-SPT show that inversion method with HVSR analysis of microtremor data is quite reliable as supporting data for N-SPT. Considering cons of drilling, the method used in this study can be a new alternative for use in construction projects because it can be carried out at a relatively low cost, and is quite simple in terms of data acquisition and processing.
Efforts to Reduce Carbon Emissions from TPS3R and Rumah Kompos Facilities: Case Study in Surabaya
Authors: Fatimah Aida , Assomadi Abdu Fadli , Febrianto Arry , Hermana Joni
Published: March 2024

A majority of the solid waste produced in Surabaya is handled by the Surabaya Environmental Agency (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup, DLH). This process includes sorting, and colleting waste from local sources, transporting waste to and treating waste in local facilities, as well as final processing of waste done in landfills. Each of these processes will produce its own amount and type of GHG emissions. This study focuses on the emission coming from local facilities used to treat waste, namely TPS3R and Rumah Kompos. These facilities receive waste from local communities and produce compost and recyclable materials, creating GHG emissions in the process. This research estimates how much GHGs are emitted from these facilities from its compost production and energy consumption using available tools, and then compare its emission to the amount of waste that it processes. This comparison will show how much GHG each facility emits for every ton of solid waste handled (Facility Emission Factor, EF) which equates to its waste handling performance. Results show that the lowest EF achievable by TPS3R and Rumah Kompos facilities in Surabaya is 0.210- and 1.988-ton CO2eq/ton waste, respectively. This performance level is used as a baseline for increasing the amount of waste treated in these facilities with no additional emission load. When this estimation is applied, the total waste treated in Surabaya could increase by 11%, treating an additional 691 tons of waste per year and reducing waste going to landfills, which in turn reduces overall emissions of the waste sector.
Study on Conventional Drinking Water Treatment for Removing Emerging Contaminants: A Literature Review
Authors: Azzahra Hana , Nisaa Ainul Firdatun , Mardyanto Mas Agus
Published: March 2024

Emerging contaminants (ECs) are substances that can be synthetic or natural, or even microorganisms that are usually not monitored in the environment and could be harmful to the environment and human health. These chemicals can include pharmaceuticals, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen, and industrial chemicals, e.g., perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Common conventional drinking water treatment plants (CDWTP) are not designed to remove emerging contaminants, so these compounds can enter the water system and affect the drinking water treatment process. This study aims to focus on the performance of CDWTP in removing ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and PFOA parameters, as well as determine suitable water treatment units to eliminate these parameters from the system. An extensive literature review was conducted and further analysed using descriptive and qualitative analysis to understand the unit performance in removing emerging contaminants, followed by the simple simulation to determine the types of advanced drinking water treatment facilities that perform better in eliminating ECs. The results show that CDWTP could reduce ibuprofen concentration in water with 40%, 20%, and 36% efficiency through coagulation-flocculation, sand filtration, and disinfection, respectively. Acetaminophen removal is up to 67%, 51%, and 66.45% during coagulation-flocculation, sand filtration, and disinfection, respectively. However, PFOA removal is only up to 5%, 7%, and 2% during coagulation-flocculation, sand filtration, and disinfection, respectively. Membrane treatment technology with reverse osmosis could remove ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and PFOA compounds more effectively with removal efficiencies of 99.99%, 96%, and 100%, respectively.
Study on Drinking Water Distribution System at Sekaran District Service Area in Lamongan Regency
Authors: Subechi Dya Nur Mangzila , Purnomo Alfan
Published: March 2024

Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM) organizers needs to carry out its duties and functions to fulfil the quality, quantity, and continuity for the community. From all SPAM service areas in Sekaran District, there are three villages, namely Manyar, Jugo, and Trosono Village which lack access to water. The three villages water pressure falls below the minimum pressure requirements of Minister of Public Works and Housing Regulation Number 27/RT/M/2016. Seeing that the continuity is not optimal, it is important to study the drinking water distribution network of one of the SPAM in District Sekaran service areas. Recommendations for pipeline network restoration involves conducting hydraulic simulation using EPANET 2.2 which identified the need to parallelize existing pipes and establish a new pipe with a diameter of 200 mm and a length of 1960 m that connects Ngarum Village and Jugo Village. In addition, expanded reservoir capacity is required to meet water demand because it will increase during the development year. Furthermore, based on the results of the demand pattern measurement, the pump schedule must be modified, as well as the quantity of functioning pumps to be able to meet the water supply demand when the development occurs.
Geochemical study to determine what elements are most influential in soil fertility in the southern part of Lampung region
Authors: Santoso Nono Agus , Kamal Raysha , Nugraha Purwaditya , Natalia Happy Christin
Published: March 2024

Lampung is one of the best provinces in Indonesia in the agricultural sector. Research on agriculture in Lampung continues to develop over time. To expand land, research on agricultural land is needed. Agricultural soil contains chemical elements that support soil fertility. The aim of this research is to find out which chemical elements have the best correlation with soil fertility. The samples used were agricultural soil samples from the South Lampung and Pesawaran areas. The method used is a geochemical method with pH measurements and X-Ray Fluorescence testing. The results obtained were that the Mg element had a very strong correlation with soil fertility so that in the future the Mg element could be used as an indicator of soil fertility levels.
Analysis of Geological Structure based on 3D Virtual Outcrop Model and Physical Properties of Rocks in Wringinanom District, Gresik Regency
Authors: Nabhan M Hauzan , Fajar M Haris Miftakhul , Lestari Wien
Published: March 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused geological mapping activities to be hampered. This study aims to create a 3D virtual rock outcrop model which is compiled from 2D rock outcrop images with Measured Stratigraphy (MS), strike & dip and the value of rock physical parameters to analyze geological structures in Wringinanom District, Gresik Regency. Analysis of geological structures will be contained in the form of folding reconstructions with rock physical parameter as a validation and descriptions of fault orientation. This research modeled 21 rock outcrops and will be tested 6 core sedimentary rock samples. Physical rock parameter tests in the form of density tests through the comparison of mass weighing results with dimensional measurements by calipers and P-wave velocity tests using the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) method. Petrological descriptions of core rock samples are based on direct observations. The results of 3D virtual rock outcrop integrated with measurements in the field can be used in analyzing geological structures. The study area consists of anticlines with the direction of layering the south (southwest) and north (northeast) wings and 50-degree reverse faults with southeast dipping orientation (N153°E). The folding reconstruction consists of sandstone (top), sandstone-clay interlude, and claystone (top) in the Pucangan Formation and sandstone (bottom) and claystone (bottom) in the Lidah Formation where the presence of fossil layers of bivalve mollusks is a firm correlation. The physical parameters of rocks cannot validate the reconstruction of folds due to the influence of differences in physical values of the sample supported by petrological descriptions.
Sediment Deposits Texture Analysis of Besuk Kobokan River in the Northern Slope Semeru Volcano Lumajang
Authors: Suriani Putri Dwi , Fajar M. Haris Miftakhul , Ariyanti Nita , Ramadhani Ayu Putri , Ulumuddin Faqih , Rahayu Helda Kusuma , Wirayudhatama Mahendra , Alfany Marsha Khairia , Rafi Muhammad Erfand Dzulfiqar , Zukhrufah Syabibah Zakiyyah
Published: March 2024

The flow of volcanic material from Semeru Volcano as one of the most active volcano on Java Island is still flowing and deposited along the Besuk Kobokan River which empties into Bambang Beach, Lumajang. The sediments as volcanic products are transported through the river environment with water as its transport agent. This transportation and deposition process has certain grain texture characteristics that can be identified through granulometry analysis. Geological observations and sediment sampling were carried out at 8 points along the Besuk Kobokan River. Granulometry analysis aims to identify the grain texture distribution of Semeru Volcano sediments that have been transported. The results of granulometric analysis that can identify the distribution of grain texture show that the first point to the fifth point at the sampling location was influenced by lahars flow and pyroclastic flow, resulting in randomness in grain size and rock texture. While the sixth to eighth points show the fluvial sedimentation process.
Static and seismic stability investigation of a bamboo grid reinforced slope with different stepped reinforcing arrangements
Authors: Samal Rasmiranjan , Sahoo Smrutirekha , Badavath Naveen
Published: March 2024

Bamboo is primarily used as a soil reinforcement material to build roadways and stabilize slopes and river banks. The current study aims to examine how bamboo grid reinforcing slopes behave in the form of various stepped reinforcing arrangements. The static and seismic characteristics of a slope reinforced with a bamboo grid were examined through 3D numerical analyses employing the finite element program MIDAS GTS NX (340) 2023 v1.1. In this study, the Strength Reduction Method (SRM), a crucial technique in finite element analysis, is utilized to compute the factor of safety and displacement in static stability analysis. Seismic stability analysis is conducted using non-linear time history analysis, examining the changes in critical slope parameters in response to seismic excitation. Three distinct arrangements of bamboo grids were employed to enhance slope stability. Static stability analysis, considering the factor of safety and deformation, was conducted for various bamboo grid-reinforced slope arrangements. Additionally, a comprehensive seismic analysis was performed specifically for the type 2 bamboo grid reinforcement arrangement, using the seismic record from the 1971 San Fernando Down earthquake. The safety factor increases by 52.10%, 68.67%, and 62.65% for type 1, 2, and 3 arrangements, respectively, compared to the unreinforced slope. Consequently, the type 2 bamboo grid-reinforced slope arrangement exhibits superior stability in terms of the safety factor. The lateral displacement of the type 2 arrangement is minimal compared to other types. Furthermore, a bamboo grid-reinforced slope with a vertical spacing of 1.5 m demonstrates less deformation than slopes with different vertical spacings. The seismic stability of the slope body surpasses other sections of the bamboo grid-reinforced slope.
Optimizing extreme manufacturing framework: a secure and efficient 3D printing integration framework
Authors: G Moulika , Palanisamy Ponnusamy
Published: March 2024

This study presents a comprehensive framework for extended manufacturing with integrated 3D printing technologies, exemplifying a paradigm shift in the manufacturing landscape. The Digital Thread Integration establishes a dynamic foundation, enabling real-time collaboration and data flow throughout the product lifecycle. Leveraging advanced AI-driven optimization, Digital Design Platforms streamline designs, processing 1,000 iterations per hour, and recommending materials based on component requirements. On-Demand Manufacturing Hubs strategically placed globally achieve substantial reductions in lead times (48 h) and material waste (15%). The Cybersecurity Infrastructure ensures the sanctity of the digital environment, employing secure communication protocols and an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) responding to threats in milliseconds. The Data Analytics Hub contributes to continual improvement by analysing 100 GB of 3D printing data daily, generating 50 actionable insights weekly. User Interface and Accessibility initiatives empower the workforce through intuitive training modules and responsive help desks. In conclusion, this framework exemplifies secure, efficient, and data-driven extended manufacturing, positioning the industry at the forefront of technological advancement.
Global synchronization on time-varying higher-order structures
Authors: Sayeed Anwar Md , Ghosh Dibakar , Carletti Timoteo
Published: March 2024

Synchronization has received a lot of attention from the scientific community for systems evolving on static networks or higher-order structures, such as hypergraphs and simplicial complexes. In many relevant real-world applications, the latter are not static but do evolve in time, in this work we thus discuss the impact of the time-varying nature of higher-order structures in the emergence of global synchronization. To achieve this goal, we extend the master stability formalism to account, in a general way, for the additional contributions arising from the time evolution of the higher-order structure supporting the dynamical systems. The theory is successfully challenged against two illustrative examples, the Stuart–Landau nonlinear oscillator and the Lorenz chaotic oscillator.
The Making and Remaking of Makers
Authors: Finch Michael P M
Published: March 2024

The introduction presents an overview of the book and the Makers of Modern Strategy volumes. It establishes Makers as a key reference point in the academic study of war, placing the volume within the broader context of the development of military history, strategic studies, and security studies in the twentieth century, and underlining the centrality of historians in its production. It considers the constituencies—academic, military, and civilian—that have engaged with Makers and addresses the differing visions of the book’s purpose held by its editors. It explains that the iterations of Makers—those that came to fruition and those that did not—and the activity associated with them constitute a broader ‘Makers project’ that stretched across much of the twentieth century, and that the genesis of this larger project constitutes an intellectual history which gives insights into understandings of strategy and the history of war.
Revisiting Makers
Authors: Finch Michael P M
Published: March 2024

This chapter explores the afterlife of Earle’s book and the attempts to revise and update it from the 1950s through to the end of the 1970s, in the context of the proliferation of conflict-centred academic disciplines and growing civilian engagement during the Cold War. The core of the chapter focuses on an attempt to by Theodore Ropp, an original contributor to the Earle volume, to remake the book by co-opting a nascent exchange programme between Duke University, the University of Singapore, and the Singapore Armed Forces in the late 1970s. His Makers of Modern Strategy Revisited was conceived as a companion publication of complementary essays intended to account for things that Earle and his contributors had missed, and it was also the project that cast Makers most explicitly as a work of military history.
Scholarship from the Arsenal of Democracy
Authors: Finch Michael P M
Published: March 2024

The final chapter adopts a comparative approach to explore the contribution made by Makers to thinking about strategy and war across its various iterations, and considers the legacy of the book. It first explores the reaction to Paret’s Makers as an indication of fragmenting consensus on how a book such as Makers might tackle its subject, and emphasizes the role of the successor volume in cementing the status of the project. The chapter next examines Earle’s and Paret’s engagement with strategy to show the impact of their scholarly formation on their differing approaches, and to demonstrate the limitations of Paret’s thinking in relation to strategic and security studies. It then explores the relationship of the Makers project with the ‘canon’ of strategic thinkers, emphasizing the consistent lack of attention given to British strategic thinkers. The chapter closes with consideration of the relationship between classical thinkers and the Makers project.
Admixture and Genetic Differentiation of Transplanted Tlaxcaltecan Populations
Authors: Crawford Michael H
Published: March 2024

A historically based time dimension of 300 years was used to measure the genetic micro-differentiation of transplanted populations from the Valley of Tlaxcala (Central Mexico) to Cuanalan and Saltillo. A garrison was formed to accompany Cortes’s army in 1521 to subdue the Aztecs in the adjoining valley. In 1591, 400 families from the Valley of Tlaxcala were relocated to Saltillo. Blood samples, anthropometry, and dental impressions were taken from Tlaxcaltecan volunteers in 1969 from two communities in the Valley of Tlaxcala: San Pablo del Monte (population with no Spanish admixture) and the City of Tlaxcala, administrative Spanish Center and a Mestizo community. Follow-up studies were conducted in 1972 and 1974 in the two transplanted communities. Genetically, the populations from the Valley of Tlaxcala clustered together, while the transplanted groups had diverged significantly. The exact measure of population genetic and morphological differentiated was complicated by varying degrees of admixture.
Origins of the Irish Travelers (Tinkers)
Authors: Crawford Michael H
Published: March 2024

The Irish Travelers (Tinkers) are itinerant populations that traverse the countryside in painted, horse-drawn caravans, with lifestyles similar to the Romany Gypsies of Europe. This research focused on the origins of these itinerant populations. If they were Romany Gypsy in origin, they should genetically resemble populations of northern India. These itinerant populations were sampled, and volunteers were tested for 12 blood genetic markers and compared to a population of Irish from the town of Kilkenny. Genetically the Travelers resemble the surrounding Irish populations, but not the Romany or Indian populations from which the Romany Gypsies were derived. These Travelers were of Irish origins but differed genetically from the surrounding settled communities due to stochastic processes such as founder effect and genetic drift.
Aleutian Islands
Authors: Crawford Michael H
Published: March 2024

This chapter discusses the causes and consequences of the migrations and settlements of Unangan (Aleut) populations expanding out of Siberia along the Beringian landmass to settle an archipelago consisting of 200 islands, distributed over 1,800 kilometers between North America and Asia. Eleven Aleutian Islands were sampled by use of buccal swabs and analyzed for 750,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms distributed throughout the genome. Different admixture rates were revealed depending on which genetic markers were employed. For example, mitochondrial DNA (maternal line) displayed only Aleut haplotypes; that is, they were 100% indigenous. In contrast, NRY markers exhibited only 15% Aleut ancestry among males and 85% Russian admixture. Autosomal short tandem repeats suggest that 60% of Aleut ancestry was indigenous and 40% of the genes came from Russia or other European countries. Genetic discontinuity in the Aleutian Island populations was reflected in changes in climate effecting water turbulence and periods of possible migration.
Alexander Hamilton’s Constitutional Jurisprudence and the Bank Bill
Authors: Hoffer Peter Charles
Published: March 2024

Alexander Hamilton's view of law was more than pragmatic. Forward looking, and innovative, it saw law as a creative tool. Often misread, and dismissed, as mere policy preference, it was in fact sophisticated and superbly articulated jurisprudence. In the years between the ratification debate and the proposal for the First Bank of the United States, Hamilton displayed this jurisprudence to great effect.