bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design of Beam Pumping Unit Balancing Adjustment Device
Authors: Wu Qin , Xie Xi , Shen Wei
Published: June 2012

In China, Three oil companies use all sorts of beam pumping units, but the operation of balancing adjustment is labor-intensive, low efficiency and adjustment accuracy in general. Many engineers try to improve these, so they design various kinds of devices to adjust the balance of pumping units, however, the intelligent level of most balance devices is low and the installation and maintenance is complicated and security is not high. In this design, pumping unit balancing adjustment technology for theoretical support, combined with mechanical and electrical system, an intelligent balancing adjustment device is designed. The experiment shows that after the installation of device, current degree of balance is optimized at 106%, besides energy saving reach to 8.5%.
Drilling Fluid Development and Performance Evaluation of Deep and Ultra-Deep High-Density Saturated Brine
Authors: Wang Ping Quan , Bai Yang , Peng Gang , Qian Zhi Wei
Published: June 2012

Due to the high temperature , great pressure and complex lithology of super-deep well bottom, there exist such problems such as high solid concentration, multiple but inaccurate treating chemicals, complex formulation with instability of drilling fluid system, resulting in a frequent occurrence of underground complex accident and a waste of a lot of manpower and material resources. Therefore, based on the analysis of performance factors of ultra-deep drilling fluid system, the approach of regulating water based drilling fluid properties of super-deep well has been found. Moreover, through screening and processing optimization of treating chemicals of ultra-deep well by single-factor method, three sets of anti-high-density and anti-high-temperature saturated brine drilling fluid systems with few kinds of treating chemicals, concise and simplified system, including: ① saturated brine drilling fluid with anti-temperature 180 °C and density 2.40 g/cm3 ; ② saturated brine drilling fluid with anti-temperature 200 °C and density 2.40g/cm3; ③ saturated brine drilling fluid with anti-temperature 220 °C and density 2.40g/cm3 . After the the evaluation of the overall performance of these three systems under respective experimental conditions, the results show that all of these systems have such advantages as good and strong rheology, water loss building capacity, inhibition, lubricity and blocking ability, etc, which could meet the requirements of ultra-deep drilling under different circumstances.
Flow Mathematic Model and Exact Solution of Swabbing Wells’ Fluid Level Build up
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Xin Hai , Yang Feng , Xu Hai Min , Liu Bo Tao
Published: June 2012

The fluid level of swabbing wells with packers or without packers is different from other wells’ when the swabbing wells are stopped swabbing, because the effect of gravity differentiation is obvious, which is used to calculate the sand face pressure. In the homogeny reservoir, flow mathematic model of build-up of fluid swabbing well in circular sealed stratum is built up under considering the well bore effect and skin factor. Then, the non-homogeneous equation’s exact solution in Laplace space of the model are acquired by using theory of Laplace transform and Bessel function ,then the chart of type curve and the matching of type curve are analyzed. Finally, the software of swabbing well’s fluid level build-up is developed which is used to calculate the formation parameters that are fitted the formation parameters calculated with other methods.
Gudao Oilfield Fault Seal Ability Research and Development of Oil and Gas Application
Authors: Wang Jiao
Published: June 2012

In Gudao Oilfield Southwest margin area, fault seal ability to determined under Guantao formation study reservoirs distribution has a very important significance. Through the research fault two plates of lithology relation, mudstone daub analysis, fault zone fillings argillaceous content analysis of the gender influence factors of study area, main fault sealing ability analysis results show that upper Guantao formation and under Guantao formation7, 8 sand formation fault seal ability is good, beneficial to the forming reservoirs; Under Guantao formation8 sand formation the following fault seal ability is bad, and can be used for oil and gas migration channels.
How to Improve Rate of Penetration for Oil and Gas Wells
Authors: Wang Fu Hua , Wang Rui He , Tan Xue Chao
Published: June 2012

Improved optimization of drilling bit selection and the compatibility between drilling bit and formation constraint the ROP and cost of deep well drilling to some extent. This combined with lab comprehensive lab drilling simulations and mechanisms of rock penetration can hold promise for improving drilling efficiency in deep wells. This paper reviews the mechanical characteristic parameters of rock engineering and demonstrates the obstacle of rock penetration in deep wells. Based on the general predictable formula of ROP, the relationship between drilling sensitive index and formation drillability is analyzed and the optimization and optimal match of drilling technology parameters are described. Technology Benefit Index (TBI) is proposed to evaluate the technical performance of drilling bit, advices and warnings from lab experiment and field experience on selecting and using bit are put forward. Statistical analysis of Well A based on TBI is made, the analysis of ROP improvement potential and overall program (including Bottom Hole Assembly, drilling parameters and type of drilling bit) of ROP improvement for Well B are worked out. Suggestions of drilling bit using based on mechanisms of rock penetration are proposed. Guided by the theory on improving ROP field tests of improving drilling rate are conducted to examine the field performance. By comparison, the tested sections yield high performance of ROP improvement. The designed program enhancing ROP for experiment section proves to be operable and shows great promise in further improvement and application.
Mechanical Properties and CO2 Corrosion Behavior of Q125 Grade Oil Tube Steel Used in Deep Oil Well
Authors: Tang Di , Wang Li Dong , Wu Hui Bin , Liang Jin Ming
Published: June 2012

A type of Q125 grade high-strength low carbide oil tube steel was designed and researched. The strengthening mechanism of the steel was analyzed by SEM and TEM, and the CO2 corrosion behavior of the steel was simulated by high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave. The result show: the size of original austenite grain, packet and block are about 10-15μm, 2μm and 200nm, respectively, so the strength of the steel matched toughness well. The precipitate of (Nb,Ti)(C,N) whose size is about 60nm can restrain coarsening of the original austenite grain through pitting austenite grain boundary; The precipitate of (Nb,Ti)C and nanometer sized precipitate of NbC can be an effective barrier for dislocation motion, so that has great contributions to improve the strength of the steel. The average and pitting corrosion rate increased first and then dropped down with the increasing of temperature. There is a maximum of average and pitting corrosion rate at 90°C; Simultaneously, when the temperature is 90°C, there is a biggest difference between average corrosion rate and pitting corrosion rate.
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Drop along Submarine Oil Pipeline
Authors: Pei Gui Hong , Han Dong Xu , Deng Xian Guo
Published: June 2012

Most of the offshore oil and gas is transported to land by submarine pipeline, and then processed. In order to decrease the fluid viscosity and increase flowing roperty, the pipeline is usually be heated. To evaluate the temperature change during oil and gas transport, this paper build the the physical and mathematical model of submarine oil pipeline, and using the software COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate temperature drop along the pipe, which provides a reliable parameters for the design of pipeline.
Production Prediction Model of Fractured Sandstone Gas Reservoir and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Yang Feng , Zhang Fu Xiang , Yang Xiang Tong , Niu Xin Nian , Liu Hong Tao , Wang Yu , Lei Tao
Published: June 2012

According to the fractured sandstone gas reservoir seepage characteristics and well test theory, mathematic model and numerical model of homogeneous formation fractured sandstone reservoirs were established. Using Laplace transform to solve the model, and analyzed the sensitivity of parameters of affecting fractured sandstone gas reservoir productivity prediction curve. The result shows that the number of branch and half-length of cracks, the ratio of coefficients of pressure derivative and fracture conductivity have significant effects on gas well early productivity; the increase of the skin factor can reduce production. It provides beneficial suggestions to improve the productivity of fractured sandstone gas reservoir.
Research on the Mechanism of Potassium Silicate-Polyol Drilling Fluid
Authors: Wang Ping Quan , Bai Yang , Jiang Wen , Qian Zhi Wei
Published: June 2012

Based on the chemical effect of potassium silicate, gel precipitation, and the physical effect of polyols, cloud point effect, and then combining potassium silicate with polyols, a system of Potassium Silicate-Polyol Drilling Fluid with gel-cloud point effect is formed. The study shows that the mud cake is composite membrane structure in surface, including the flake membrane structure affected by potassium silicate and compactness structure affected by polyols, the flake membrane structure is with good extensibility and connectivity, and with strict and even section, membrane efficiency is over 80%, pressure bearing ability is more than 850psi, the composite membrane structure can inhibit strata hydration effectively and stabilize the shaft lining.
Research Progresses of Hydraulics for Extended Reach Drilling in China Part II: Hole Cleaning Monitoring and Hydraulic Extended Limit
Authors: Guo Xiao Le , Wang Zhi Ming , Long Zhi Hui
Published: June 2012

The extended reach drilling (ERD) is being adopted widely in China. But it also brought a series of technical difficulties because of its own characteristics. Some progresses were made after several years of hard work in China about Hydraulics for ERD. In the paper of “Research Progresses and Perspectives of Hydraulics for Extended Reach Drilling in China, Part I”, the author demenstrated part of these progresses including cuttings transport model and precise model of pressure loss calculation. In this paper, the part of rest were presented which inlcuding hydraulic extended limit calculation model and analysis and hole cleaning monitoring method for ERD. Based on the above studies, the author finally developed a system of hole cleaning monitoring and hydraulics design and its risk analysis which could provide theoretical support and useful tool for engineering design and risk analysis before drilling. These researches are helpful to ERD and have enriched the hydraulic theory of ERD.
Study of the Natural Gas Hydrate by Well Logging Method in MuLi Coalfield, Qinghai Province, China
Authors: Li Jing , Cao Dai Yong , Dou Xu Qian , Wang Dan
Published: June 2012

Well logging interpretation is a simple and effective method to identify natural gas hydrate,because the cost of the drilling core is high and BSR technology can not be used in the permafrost zone.Establish methods of logging interpretation of gas hydrates on the basis of comprehensive analysis of geological and geographical conditions, combined with the geophysical response characteristics of the gas hydrate. Confirm the distribution of natural gas hydrate and the characteristics of distribution in Muli Coalfield under the guidance of the method. All these can provide fundamental data and scientific proof to the evaluation and target selection of the study area , and also to the discovery of natural gas hydrate in wider area of our country .
Study on Horizontal Well Fracture in Low Permeability Reservoirs
Authors: Cai Wen Bin , Qin Guo Wei , An Yong Fu , Zhang Yun Long
Published: June 2012

In the low permeability reservoirs development process, some times horizontal well is not meet the anticipant production for low vertical permeability or serious reservoir damage, so the horizontal well fracture is needed to improve production rate, several fractures would be created along the length of horizontal well to get the more production rate and ultimate recovery. The fracture shapes was introduced, the principle, characteristics and treatment steps of different Multi-interval fracturing technique was analyzed such as chemical isolation, mechanical isolation, hydraulic sand blast, and limited entry fracturing technology, the feature of limited entry treatment and staged fracturing treatment were discussed for providing some suggestion to field fracturing technology choosing.
Pb Isotopic Geochemistry of Carbonate-Hosted Pb-Zn Deposits, NW Guizhou Pb-Zn Metallogenic District, China
Authors: Chen Sui Hai , Cheng He Ming , He Tian Chun
Published: June 2012

The NW Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic district is an important part of the Yunnan – Sichuan - Guizhou Pb-Zn metallogenic province (SYG), and also is one of the important Pb-Zn producers in China. We analyzed the Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides, hosting rocks and basement rocks, the results show that the206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb, and208Pb/204Pb ratios of sulfides range from 18.029 to 19.900, 15.357 to 17.716 and 38.004 to 40.695, respectively. The206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb and208Pb/204Pb ratios of hosting rocks and basement rocks range from 18.397 to 19.483, 15.545 to 16.700 and 38.204 to 39.140, respectively. This indicates that the compositions of Pb isotopes of sulfides are basically consistent with that of hosting rocks and basement rocks, so the metals were sourced from various strata of carbonate rocks and underlying rocks.
Petrological and Rock Chemical Characteristics of Ore-Bearing Rock of Xinshan Area in Kafang, Gejiu, Yunnan
Authors: Zhao Jing Jing , Fang Wei Xuan , Ma Ming Jia , Guo Yu Qian
Published: June 2012

The paper studies on the geochemical characteristics of major element, trace element and REE of granite, marble and skarn in Xinshan Area in Kafang. The studies have shown that the granite in Xinshan Area is high-potassium calc-alkalic granite. The distribution plots of REE in different lithological rocks have obvious differences, but all three different lithological rocks have the characteristic of LREE enrichment. The ratio of LREE to HREE of Marble and skarn is larger, while that ratio of granite is smaller. The variation of LREE and HREE of Skarn is large, indicating that REE occurs significantly different in the migration process and the extent of wall rock material exchange.
Study on Formulation for Epoxy Acrylic Hybrid Emulsion
Authors: Guo Wen Lu , Jin Zhi Ming , Gao Cai Hua
Published: June 2012

The epoxy acrylate emulsion was made by hybrid emulsion polymerization. This method has simple technology, none solvent and friend to the environment. The epoxy acrylate hybrid emulsion was prepared by using core-shell emulsion polymerization technology. The factors, such as epoxy resin, emulsifier ,initiator and functional monomer, were investigated by the orthogonal experiment. The relation of interactional factors was confirmed, and one kind of steady emulsion was made. The best formulation condition of modified emulsion could be obtained when N-MA was 1%, MAA was 2%, emulsifier was 3%, epoxy resin was 6%, initiator was 0.6%. The structure of modified styrene acrylic hybrid emulsion was characterized by FT-IR, the peaks at 915cm-1 and 1251cm-1 correspond respectively to the motion of epoxy group and phenylate, so the graft polymer was confirmed.
Effect of Composite Promoting Agents on Gas Hydrate Formation
Authors: Wang Shu Li , Wei Ming Jiao , Li En Tian , Zhou Shi Dong
Published: June 2012

An experiment on effects of composite promoting agents composed of surfactants and liquid hydrocarbons on hydrate formation was conducted and hydrate formation temperature, pressure, induction time and rate with different composite promoting agent portfolios were measured. Surfactants used were sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) and 2-octyl sodium dodecyl sulfate(GC20S), and liquid hydrocarbon additives utilized were ring silane e (CP) and methyl cyclohexane (MCH). It appeared that all these combinations of composite promoting agents could promote hydrate formation. Type II and H hydrate formation conditions with composite promoting agents CP+GC20S and MCH+GC20S respectively were the mildest and the induction time was the shortest.
Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to Analysis Distribution of Gasoline Compositions
Authors: Liu Shu Jun , Yu Li Li , Zhao Chang Zheng , Gao Wei
Published: June 2012

The using of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to the analysis of gasoline components is studied in this article. The results show that sample of fresh gasoline contains 27 kinds of compositions, Groups of characteristic compounds and distribution of components were clearly observed in the gasoline. As a result, Applying GC-MS technology to analysis distribution of gasoline compositions was practicable.
A Study on Compatibility of an ASP Scaling Inhibitor with the Oilfield Chemical Agents
Authors: Li Jin Ling , Wang Bao Hui , Yan Ji Dong
Published: June 2012

Focused on the produced flood of an ASP flooding zone in Daqing oilfield, an applied scaling inhibitor was researched on the compatibility with the oilfield chemical agents. By a series of lab tests, the compatibility with the chemical agents, including polyacrylamide (PAM), surfactant and demulsifier, are clearly exhibited. Based the data, the effect on the produced fluid treatment is discussed. And the injections of the chemical agents are suitably specified.
Effect of Oil and Water Interfacial Tension on Oil Recovery of Surfactant-Polymer Flooding
Authors: Zhu You Yi , Zhang Yi , Hou Qing Feng , Liu Hua Long , Jian Guo Qing
Published: June 2012

The oil and water (O/W) interfacial tension affecting on oil recovery of surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding was studied based on Berea core flooding tests. The results of SP flooding physics simulation tests showed that when the O/W interfacial tension decreased, the incremental oil recovery of SP flooding increased accordingly, when the O/W interfacial tension decrease to 5×10-3mN/m level, near the highest oil recovery of SP flooding can be obtained. The SP flooding system with low interfacial tension can obtain 7-15% incremental oil recovery more than that with high IFT system.
Estimation of CO2-Oil Phase Equilibrium and CO2 Storage Capacity in Jilin Oil Field
Authors: Li Fang Fang , Yang Sheng Lai , Yin Dan Dan , Chen Hao , Lu Hui , Zhang Xing
Published: June 2012

The CO2EOR and Storage Project in Jilin oilfield is the first large CCS demonstration project in China for CO2geological storage into depleting oil reservoirs. It aims at enhancing the understanding of CO2EOR mechanisms, movement of CO2in the reservoir and relevant physical-chemical reactions involved in the storage process, meanwhile gaining practical experience of monitoring and verification of CO2storage technology in tight oil reservoirs. To have a better understanding of the naturally occurring and phase transformation between CO2and reservoir fluid and provide accurate data for designing an oil development plan, we must know the interactions between CO2and reservoir fluids. Hence, in the first part of this paper the CO2and reservoir fluid phase equilibrium is measured with laboratory experiment, then the collected data is used to calculate the theory and practical CO2Sequestration capacities.
Failure Analysis of the Entrance Elbow for Crude Oil Cracking Furnace
Authors: Xu Cheng , Zheng Xiao Tao , Yu Jiu Yang , Yi Tao , Lin Wei , Nie Si Hao , Chen Yi Wen
Published: June 2012

The weld cracking mechanism of the entrance elbow of crude oil cracking furnace served at 490°C was investigated. The performance and microstructure of failed elbow were characterized by hardness testing, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that cracks are caused by the combination of sulfide corrosion, embrittlement of weld metal and thermal stress.
Oligomerization of Ethylene in Fluidized Catalytic Cracking (FCC) Dry Gas to Propylene
Authors: Ding Xue , Li Chun Yi , Yang Chao He
Published: June 2012

Oligomerization of ethylene in fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) dry gas to propylene was investigated as a feasible approach to use FCC dry gas. The thermodynamic calculation indicated that the equilibrium conversion of ethylene decreased with an increasing temperature, while the experimental conversion achieved peak value at nearly 500°C due to kinetic limit. The catalytic performances of HZSM-5 catalysts with FCC dry gas as feedstock were studied in fixed-bed reactor. It was confirmed that oligomerization carried out at a higher temperature using dilute feed or a less active catalyst such as steam treated catalyst favored propylene yield. With ethylene conversion of approximately 50%, the propylene yield was over14% at 0.3MPa, 550°C with dilute ratio of 1:1 over steam treated catalyst. An apparent reaction order of 2.5 with respect to ethylene was obtained.
Quantitative Relationship between Organic Molecular Structure and Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients in 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Xiong Jie Ming , Chen Chen , Ge Ming Lan
Published: June 2012

Base on structural descriptors including dipole moments (μ), Energy gap (∆ε), hydration energy (∆H), and hydrophobic parameter lg P of 25 organic solutes, the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) method was used to correlate the values of activity coefficients at infinite dilution, , for the solutes in ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]) at 323.15 K. The result showed that the QSPR model had a good correlation and could successfully describe . The quantitative relationship between organic molecular structure and in [EMIM][BF4] was obtained and the correlation parameters were analyzed to understand the interactions that affect activity coefficients at infinite dilution.
Study on Energy Consumption Analysis and Application of Oil Gathering Station
Authors: Kou Jie , Yang Wen
Published: June 2012

Nowadays, most oil fields of China have been developed at their later stage. Water rate of produced oil is very high, and there is great energy loss during the process of management, transportation and storage. In the oil and gas gathering and transportation systems, oil gathering stations account for much of energy consumption. Scientific and effectively analyzing or predicting the gathering stations energy consumption, can reduce the energy consumption of the gathering stations consumption, bring greater economic benefits for the enterprise, and make more important practical significance to society. The process energy analysis of the Chun Liang gathering station is done applying of the “three links” approach. The energy consumption weakness of the gathering station is found applying the “three links”. Corrective measures for the energy consumption are recommended. The recovery of profit is about ￥4.24 million.
Vibration Characteristic of Latex Particle in Emulsion Oil under Pulse Electric Field
Authors: Gong Hai Feng , Peng Ye
Published: June 2012

In course of oil’s demulsification by pulse electric field, flexing deformation and vibration of latex particle would be happened in emulsion oil. By establishing vibration dynamics model of particle, it was obtained that equation of its parametrically excited nonlinear vibration. Vibration equation was calculated by harmonious wave balance solution, obtaining swing-frequency characteristic expression. Results of experiment showed that particle vibration model could forecast and calculate nonlinear parametrically excited resonance’s frequency and maximum swing of latex particle.
Study on Recovering of Value Metals from Acid Leaching Solution of Roasted Electroplating Sludge
Authors: Dang Xiao E , Lan Xin Zhe , Dong Yuan
Published: June 2012

Chelating electroplating sludge contains high grade of toxic metals or heavy metals, so this sludge should be treated and recovered of valuable metals from it. This paper mainly studied on the recovery process of Copper, Nickel and Zinc process from sulfuric acid leaching solution of roasted chelating electroplated sludge. It provided an effective technique for recovery of valuable metals from acid leaching solution. The efficiency of the process had been measured with the metal recovery rate. Experimental results showed that recovery rate of Copper and Nickel can respectively achieve at 99.30% and 97.00% from acid leaching solution after removal iron with zinc powder used reducing agent. The process has simple operation and high recovery rate. It can solve the environmental pollution problem of electroplating sludge and valuable metals can be recovered from which. It could bring better economic and environmental benefits to the enterprise.
The Influence of Electrolyte Heterogeneous Phenomenon on Tungsten Ion Exchange
Authors: Wan Lin Sheng , Yang Shu Sheng , Chen Ling , Li Hong Chao , Sun Li , Gong Dan Dan
Published: June 2012

This paper studies electrolyte heterogeneous phenomenon and its influence on tungsten ion exchange.It shows that the homogeneous change of WO42- and Clˉmake WO42- positive adsorption of exchange capacity reduced, but reverse adsorption exchange capacity increased;Improve the WO42- solution concentration, increasing the resin layer height, and reducing the ion exchange speed, will strengthen the heterogeneous of features.Low-speed of the positive desorption can increase desorbing agent solution concentration、reduce the dosage of desorbing agent.
Assessment of the Uncertainty in the Measurement of Depth of Decarburization of Steel Rail
Authors: Sun Yi Qiang , Wu Li Xin , Wang Zhi Fen , Zhang Ping
Published: June 2012

In order to analysis the factors effect the uncertainty in the measurement of depth of decarburization and characterized the dispersity of the measuring results, according to the theory of the uncertainty in measurement and JJF1059-1999 Evaluation and Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, the uncertainty in the measurement of depth of decarburization of steel rail was assessed, which was caused by the uneven of decarburization and the repetitiveness of the measure, the obliquity of the cross section, the accurate degree of the measure instrument, the approximate of the value. The combined standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty was calculated, and the report of the uncertainty was given.
Quality of Refractory Materials in the Technological Process
Authors: Šolc Marek , Markulik Štefan , Grambalová Eva
Published: June 2012

In addressing issues related to technology or quality refractory products are among the supporting documents experimental results of the tests. These more or less extensive data sets characterize with some precision observed phenomenon, e.g. some physical or chemical quantity. The role of statistical processing of data from this perspective, the maximum concentration sometimes extremely abundant, but few clear set of experimental data and determine the "seriousness" of this file. When processing data it is to be noted that these characteristics are not fully observed variable, but only a selected part.
Studies on the Anatomical Characteristics and Radial Variation of Fast-Growing Toona Ciliate
Authors: Sun Jin , Wang Xiao Bo , Wang Xiao Jing , Lin Yan , Gao Zhen Zhong
Published: June 2012

Fiber and vessel morphology and the radial variation patterns of fast-growing Toona ciliata were studied in this paper. The results showed that the average of cell length, tangential diameter, double wall thickness, length-width ratio, wall thickness-diameter ratio of fiber were 1038.00μm,17.43μm,4.03μm,34.13,0.25 respectively, which of vessel were 313.61μm,123.63μm,6.18μm,1.36,0.05 respectively. The radial variation patterns vary between different characteristics.
Study on Structures and Benefits of Windbreak and Sand-Fixation Forests of Sand Region in Yulin
Authors: Wu Qing , Chen Yuee , Zhang Lu
Published: June 2012

They were investigated, observed and analyzed about the windbreak and sand-fixation forests configuration structure, windbreak and sand-fixation benefits, and soil improvement effect of Maowusu sandy land area of Yulin, the results showed that its structure type of windbreak and sand-fixation forests was close with the affection of windbreak and sand-fixation. Tree height and crown width played the leading role in wind prevention efficiency, and afforestation density, surface branch number and herb coverage were closely related with sand-fixation affection. If the condition was allowed, windbreak and sand-fixation forests should be constructed by using the fixture structure of arbors and bushes. The close relationship of moisture profit and loss of windbreak and sand-fixation forest and herb density was y = -0.0002 x2+ 1.3034 x - 1181.2 (R2 = 0.9614). Biomass in unit area in windbreak and sand-fixation forests was higher in the areas among hills than in windward slopes. There was a positive correlation between the single cluster biomass and crown widths of the shrubs, the relational coefficient was 0.82. The organic matters in woodland soil in windbreak and sand-fixation forest had increased significantly, and the nutrient status had improved greatly, but overall the soil was still poor.
Spatial Distribution Patterns of Seedling Emergence of Stipagrostis pennata in Gurbantonggut Desert
Authors: Zhang Xia , Wang Wen Ling , Ge Huan , Long Li Hong , Wang Shao Ming
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution patterns and the amounts of seedling density of S. pennata in different sample dunes in Gurbantonggut Desert. Results indicate that spatial patterns of seedling emergence of S. pennata were of general similar with the distribution patterns of its associated standing vegetations, and was greatly associated with spatial distribution of the threshold wind (≥6m.s-1) frequency from the various directions. There existed a significant difference in its seedling emergence patterns among the different parts of the dunes and the different directions around its parent vegetation beds. The highest seedling density was found to be on the top parts of sampling dunes and at the underlayer of standing vegetation beds of S. pennata, and higher seedling densities usually took place in the leeward side of the vegetation beds. These results had revealed the ecological characteristics of the population distribution rule and the recruitments mechanism of S. pennata.
Develop Beach Plum as a New Multipurpose Crop for Coastal Beach in China
Authors: Wang Xiao Min , Wu Wen Long , Li Wei Lin , Zhang Chun Hong , Hu Shu Ying
Published: June 2012

The beach plum, Prunus maritima Marsh is native to the sandy North Atlantic coast, from Newfoundland to North Carolina. It can grow well without irrigation, even on low-nutrient sandy soils, saline land, old-field and coastal beach where many other plants cannot survive. It is fine rootstock to improve stress tolerance of cion. The fruits of beach plum can be made into delicious jams, jellies and wine. This paper is aimed to introduce beach plum to people, and hope it can become an important multipurpose crop in Chinese coastal beach in the future.
Forecasting Development of Hybrid Rice Breeding through S-Curve Model and Community Analysis in Complex Networks
Authors: Song Tian Hua , Shi Chun Sheng , Yu Guang , Wang Ming Yang , Zhou Hui
Published: June 2012

Hybrid rice breeding is one of high-technology in agriculture. This breeding technology effectively protects world food security. Using s-curve and community analysis in complex networks, development of hybrid rice breeding are explored. Results indicate that two branches of hybrid rice breeding will get to saturation between 2080’s to 2090’s in this century.
The Dynamic Process of the Soil Water under Six Forest Types beside Songhua River
Authors: Wang Shu Li , Lu Ying , Hu Tian Ran
Published: June 2012

The soil saturated water content, soil water permeability and the soil water content dynamic process under six forest types (Pinus koraiensis plantation, Fraxinus mandshurica-Populus davidiana forest, Fraxinus mandshurica- Larix olgensis forest, Tilia mandshurica forest Quercus monglica forest and Juglans mandshurica forest) beside Songhua River were measured in the sample forests and experiment room during May to September 2006. The soil saturated water contents under six forest types were from 2693.50 t/hm2 to 3184.31 t/hm2, the biggest value occurred under Fraxinus mandshurica-Populus davidiana forest, and the smallest value occurred under Quercus monglica forest. The initial permeability coefficient and stable permeability coefficient of the various soil layers under six forest types were bigger than that of bare land, and the biggest value occurred under Tilia mandshurica forest. The soil water content under six forest types had the same change tendency during growth season that was, high-low-high-low in May-June-July and August-September. The results would provide the theories basis for the forest management beside Songhua River.
Fermentation Performance and Flavor Characteristics of Corn Wine
Authors: Qiao Fa Dong , Zhang Ming Xia , Wu Xiu Fang
Published: June 2012

In this paper, corn grits, glutinous rice and grits and glutinous rice mixture were fermented with Angel Rhizopus Sp. Results showed that the fermentation performance of glutinous rice was better than that of the grits, but it was similar to that of grits and glutinous rice mixture (6:4). Fermentation time had an effect on the flavor quality of the fermented product. At 28°C, the ratio of producing acidity began to slow down at 24 h while reducing sugar content continuously increased till 60 h. At 40~48 h, the flavor of the fermented product tasted best. By using HP-SPME-GC/MS, 24 kinds of volatile compounds from the products fermented for 48h were identified, among them there were 12 kinds of alkane, 2 kinds of alkene, 4 kinds of alcohols, 1 kind of acids, 4 kinds of esters and 1 kind of ketone respectively, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethanol and tetradecane, as the main volatile compounds in 3 kinds of fermented products,, accounted for over 80% the total peak area. Alcohols, acids, esters and ketone are the main compounds to form the special flavor of rice wine.
Occurrence, Rapid Analysis, and Detoxification of Fumonisins in Maize and its Feeds: Review
Authors: Yang Guo Hao , Jia Feng , Zhang Li , Wang Jin Shui
Published: June 2012

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the main cereals as a source of food, forage and processed products for industry, especially for feeds. However, in worldwide approximately 25% of crops are affected by mycotoxins annually, especially in feeds with fumonisins(FUM). Moreover, the exact mechanism of FUM toxicity is not completely established. This paper gives an overview about the occurrence, toxicity, rapid non-invasive analysis, and detoxification of FUM in maize and its feeds. Due to economic losses engendered by FUM and its impact on animal and human health, several strategies for detecting mycotoxins with non-invasive methods and detoxifying contaminated feeds have been described.
Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Crosslinked Potato Starch Microsphere through Orthogonal Experimental Design
Authors: Zhang Bo , Han Shun Yu , Hu Yu Sen , Pu Lu Mei , Wang Wen Ying
Published: June 2012

A lot of studies were done on the base material of drug carriers: liposome, protein microsphere, glutin and high polymer microsphere were all of shortages, but starch has much superiority as the drug carrier. The paper embarked from the analysis the chemical and physical properties of potato starch. According as the characteristic of long chain molecules of potato starch forming microcrystal bundle via inter-molecules hydrogen association under room temperature, which disintegrated in water solution as temperature rising, the better levels of factors, such as gelatinization temperature, gelatinization time, volume of water, pH, according to viscosity of starch gelatinization were select firstly. A W/O reverse emulsion was obtained by dispersing the starch gelatinization into the oil. The effect of emulsifier, evocating agent, crosslinker, crosslinking temperature, and crosslinking time was investigated. An orthogonal experiment of L27(313) was designed to identify the main factors affecting them. In light of range analysis, the comparative importance of factors impacting drug loading was obtained, separately. The effects of parameters were studied using analysis of variance. The results showed that the effective factor to control drug loading were the amount of starch, the volume of water, pH, crosslinking time and the amount of evocating agent, whereas the influences of other factors on drug loading were not significant. In addition, the structure of N, N-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) crosslinked potato starch microsphere (CPSM) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer and Scanning electron microscope (SEM).
Study on the Demand, Present Situation and Development Countermeasure of Uranium Resources in China
Authors: Hu Bao Qun , Wang Yun
Published: June 2012

The paper has introduced that Chinese nuclear power development plan and the present situation of domestic uranium resources, and pointed the ways and methods to increase possible new uranium resources. Based on the demand and situation, the new situation of uranium resources development of related countermeasures was proposed briefly in this article. First, it strengthens uranium exploration; prospecting for deep concealed deposit, fill the gaps, further find out favorable area of uranium mineralization. Second, it actively develops the exploitation of overseas uranium resource and looking for a variety of forms of investments, and adopts the flexible ways of cooperation, in order to increase the uranium resources as far as possible. Third, the mining industry structure was optimized, the technology level was improved, the production cost was reduced, and the scale of production was expanded, carried out the dominant role of mining and the subsidiary role of diversified economy of multiple structured management patterns to promote local economic rapid development. Fourth, it should be perfected related policy laws as well as regulations about uranium resources development, and establish a perfect system of assets income distribution.
A Conserve Method of Fruits and Vegetables by an Ethylene Plasma Reaction
Authors: Cheng Ching Shang , Lin Xiao Yong , Liou Chun Hong , Xing Guang Xin , Fu Wai Pin
Published: June 2012

In our study, we tried to extend the preservative time of vegetables, and fruits to use the ethylene absorbent method, and the plasma reaction method to decrease the ethylene content of the conditions of the storage tank. In experimentation, we discovered that banana will release ethylene, and banana will be accelerated the ripening, when the ethylene was present. The ripening rate was equal to the ethylene production rate, that was a first order functional relationship of the ethylene concentration, γe=0.21C. The ethylene absorbent in the two experimental groups had removed indeed the ethylene, and had an effecting to keep fresh of the banana. In our plasma experimentation, we found that logarithmic value of the ethylene concentration(C) was direct proportion to the reaction time, and the ethylene reaction rate rp = -22.6C. In our study, the banana weight of each run of our experiment was 420 gram, and our plasma reactor can handle 45 kilogram banana because the │rp│is nearly 107 times of │re│.
The Analysis of Feasibility that CVM’S Application on Non-Market Valuation of Green Agriculture in Yingshan
Authors: Tian Miao , Xia Qing Li , He Dong Cai
Published: June 2012

Green agriculture is an inevitable choice for the development of agriculture and is a main mode of agricultural production to maintain sustainable. Assess the function of green-agriculture ecosystem services is the basis to establish the ecological compensation mechanism and the standard of compensation. This paper analyzes the feasibility that CVM’S application in Yingshan green agriculture non-market valuation through sorting the CVM’S application status.
Rational Allocation of China’s Grain Resources by near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zeng Lei , Tang Huai Jian , Jia Feng , Wang Jin Shui
Published: June 2012

Grain is a vital commodity that has significant effects on people’s livelihood. Grain is not an infinite renewable resource due to population growth, shrinking cultivated land, limited water supply, ongoing climate change, and so on. In spite of multiple varieties, grain faces serious challenges now and in the coming decades in china. Where there is short of individual grain breed suitable for end-use performance. The farrago of different varieties leads to inefficient use of grain. Improved detection methods are so scarce that grain is not graded in the light of end-use quality. NIR provides a more rapid, objective, and reliable means for the quality evaluation of grain. The paper describing the practical applications of NIR in the entire grains value chain clarifies a viewpoint of improving the utilization efficiency of grain resources by NIR in China.
Reducing the Allergenicity from Food by Microbial Fermentation
Authors: Chen Liang , Song Peng , Jia Feng , Wang Jin Shui
Published: June 2012

Food allergy has become a serious public health problem. Nowadays several treatments were employed for reducing the allergenicity from food. The paper mainly reviews the application of microbial fermentation in the reduction of the allergenicity from different foods.
The Mineralization Theories and Techniques of Exploration for the Crisis Mines, a Case Study at the Shiyingtan Gold Deposit in Xinjiang
Authors: Li Qiang
Published: June 2012

How to resolve the resources exploration in deep and surrounding of the crisis mines is a very urgent problem which confronts with mining industry. Choosing the suitable prediction theory and technology is the key to success in evaluating. According to the particularity of resource exploration in deep and surrounding of crisis mines and application at domestic and international, author analyzes the regional minerogenic geological setting, structure and lithogeochemistry characteristic, predicates surrounding favorable region –Huangni po by using the geochemical appraisal criteria of primary halo which obtain from Shiyingtan gold deposit as similarity analogy principle. The results of predication have been proved in exploration.
Study of Continuous Extraction Process Utilizing Supercritical Fluid for Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Lin Mei Su , Yu Zer Ran , Weng Yih Ming
Published: June 2012

Gandoerma lucidum is equipped with several kinds of bioactivity, and is considered as a very important medicinal ingredient of regimen and health care for Chinese medicine. This study has employed supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation device to continuously prepare ganoderic acid and phenolic compounds of ganoderma lucidum, and experiment design is conducted in coping with diverse pressure, temperature, and flow rate as experiments variables to conduct experiment design. Thus supercritical extraction is being employed to collect and extract different materials from sections, so that optimized trend of terms and conditions can be used to predict the test. As shown from the results, if lower temperature as 40°C and high pressure 30 MPa are chosen, working in conjunction with flow rate of low sample 3 ml/min, it can reach the optimized effect of purification with regarding to ganoderic acid and phenolic compounds. If the concentration of fractionation liquid stays at 1.0 g/L, its power of scavenging will be F1(60%)＞F2(50%)＞F3(30%)＞R(28%), whereas half of the inhibition concentration will respectively be R(2.67 g/L)＞F3(2.29 g/L)＞F2(0.97 g/L)＞F1(0.76 g/L), and the antioxidant capacity of F1 fractionation liquid is considered the best.
Technique of Spray-Drying on Phyllanthus emblica L. and Anti-Oxidation of the Product
Authors: Zheng Hua , Zhang Hong , Gan Jin , Feng Ying , Zhang Wen Wen
Published: June 2012

Phyllanthus emblica L. was abundant with Vc, SOD and other nutrients. In order to find a rapid and low loss way for its solid product, spray-drying was tested on its juice. According to orthogonal experiment, the best drying condition was selected as the concentration of 0.22g/mL, input temperature of 120°C and air velocity of 0.65m3/min. With the optimal drying, it was yielded the highest amount of powder at 57.4% and 52.6% of Vc in raw juice was maintained in the dried product. The final powder was still full of SOD and its inhibition rate to autoxidation velocity of pyrogallol was 29.6%. Color, particle size, flavor, taste and resolubility were well available to solid beverage requirment. It was indicated that the technique was efficient for the drying of P. emblica L. and the dried product was anti-oxidative to some extent.
The Influences of the Stem Structure and Elastic Modulus on Wheat lodging
Authors: Yuan Zhi Hua , Zhang Xiu Li , Xu Gui Zhuan , Zhao Xiang Xiong
Published: June 2012

Wheat lodging results in great losses of wheat production about 10%~30% every year. It is very important to study the lodging and to find new way to improve the quality of wheat stalks and its anti-lodging characteristics. The study about the changing of wheat stem mechanical properties with the elastic modulus and stem structure is carried on the basement of theoretical model, experimental improvement, and finite element method. Results show that the stem is more difficult to lodge if the ratio is bigger, which can be calculated through elastic modulus multiplying wall thickness and divided by diameter.
Three Glucocerebroside Molecular Species from the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Guo Shuang , Xue Chang Hu , Xu Jie , Wang Yu Ming , Cong Pei Xu
Published: June 2012

Three glucocerebroside molecular species, AJC-1, AJC-2 and AJC-3, have been isolated from the less lipid fraction of the chloroform–methanol extract of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonica by repeated column chromatography. The structures of these glucocerebroside molecular species were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. The composition of three glucocerebrosides (AJC-1, AJC-2 and AJC-3): fatty acids were mainly saturated (C18:0), monounsaturated (C24:1) and α-hydroxyl fatty acids (C24:1h, C23:0h and C22:0h), the structures of long-chain base were dihydroxy (d18:2, d17:1 and d17:0) and trihydroxy (t17:0), and the glycosylation was mainly glucose. Three glucocerebroside molecular species were evaluated for activity in vitro assays for the cytotoxic activities against human colonic cancer cell line (Caco-2).
The Proterozoic Strata Division and the Research of Ore Bearing Horizon in Mid-Inner Mongolia
Authors: Cui Zhen Xing
Published: June 2012

This article introduces the contrast of the Proterozoic strata division and the ore-bearing horizon of the polymetallic deposits like iron and copper by taking advantage of the field geological investigation and the geological characteristic of mineralization to further analyze the ore-prospecting prospects in the area.