bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Protracted Meeting Myth: Awakenings, Revivals, and New York State Baptists, 1789–1850
Authors: Johnson Curtis D.
Published: August 2014

In the 1830s and 1840s, Charles Finney and other New Measures enthusiasts promoted protracted meetings as a superior form of evangelization compared to earlier forms of evangelism. However, this essay argues that Finney and his allies were wrong and that protracted meetings were not more effective in attracting converts than were awakenings (spontaneous revivals prompted by the ordinary means of preaching, covenant meetings, and personal evangelization through social networks). In short, this essay contends that the alleged superiority of protracted meetings was, and is, largely a myth. Between 1789 and 1820, awakenings were relatively frequent and often quite large. During the 1820s, however, western New Yorkers became increasingly distracted by the emerging market economy, mass politics, and the proliferation of print media, thus weakening this approach’s ability to bring in converts. When Charles Finney refocused national attention on evangelicalism in his famous Rochester revival, many nearby New York Baptists copied his techniques. However, when Baptists used Finney-style protracted meetings, they achieved no more success than when they used traditional approaches. Ultimately, this experimentation empowered Baptist ministers, diminished the laity’s role, and weakened Baptist community. The analysis is primarily based on the congregational minutes of 35 upstate New York Regular Baptist churches covering the years from 1789 to 1850. In evaluating Finney’s claims, this essay implements a four-point typology comparing nearly 5000 New York Baptists converted in 81 awakenings and 78 protracted meetings over this 61-year period.
Freedom’s First Con: African Americans and Changing Notes in Antebellum New York City
Authors: White Shane
Published: August 2014

This article is about how African Americans in New York City in the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s negotiated with whites that intensely human moment at the center of all monetary exchanges. The piece is based on decades of reading court cases and newspapers and in it I detail the mostly previously unknown experiences of a host of ordinary African Americans ranging from from petty entrepreneurs through to petty con men. This article, then, is part of my long-standing effort to recover the lives of African Americans living in New York City in the first half of the nineteenth century.
Grassroots and Habermas in West Bend: Some Reflections
Authors: Peterson Mark C. E.
Published: August 2014

The West Bend Memorial Library controversy is an instructive example of how the framing assumptions—the ground—of public space have come under attack not only from the re-evaluation of social legitimacy heralded and embodied by an economics-based paradigm but equally from those who stand in opposition to what Habermas characterizes as the bourgeoisie-established criterion of political legitimacy: that is to say, enlightenment rationality. While the grassroots movement in support of the public library ethos stood with the nineteenth century’s enlightenment rationality, the group promoting censorship of LGBTQ-themed materials stood firmly in the more socially relevant, refeudalized, public sphere of the early twenty-first century—one in which the legitimating function of rational discourse has been eroded by opinion and manipulative publicity. This explains why the grassroots effort was itself largely irrelevant to the outcome of events. The library’s autonomy was kept in place not by social or political forces (both subject to refeudalization) but by the law. The grassroots movement to support the library thus illuminates the cracks, or fault lines, resulting from a change in how “public space” (and, thus, public institutions) have come to be understood during the last one hundred years, and, specifically, in the resulting change in modes of sanctioned discourse: specifically, from rational public debate to manipulative publicity.
The 2009 West Bend Community Memorial Library Controversy: Understanding the Challenge, the Reactions, and the Aftermath
Authors: Zimmer Michael , McCleer Adriana
Published: August 2014

For most of 2009, the West Bend Community Memorial Library in West Bend, Wisconsin, was embroiled in controversy due to a series of community-based challenges against the presence of so-called “sexually explicit books” and “books for youth on homosexuality” in the library’s Young Adult section. The controversy generated considerable discussion and debate over the role of the library in providing access to information, the nature of intellectual freedom and professional authority, the influence of community and outside stakeholders, and the role of local governance in library operations. These discussions occurred in public meetings and across dinner tables, in community protests and editorial pages, on blogs and social media, and in professional and academic venues, and they reached far beyond the limits of the rural Wisconsin city, making the West Bend controversy an important and unique opportunity to explore how debates over intellectual freedom play out in the twenty-first century information ecosystem.
Prepare to Be Challenged!
Authors: Preer Jean
Published: August 2014

An examination of the controversy at the West Bend Community Memorial Library over homosexual materials in the young adult collection, and an informal survey of the collection development plans, challenge procedures, and challenge forms of more than sixty Wisconsin public libraries, raise questions about the challenge process itself. The survey shows widespread support of intellectual freedom principles but great variety in procedures to address patron concerns. Boards should consider policies that specify who may file a challenge, require an intermediate staff committee to document reviews and circulation statistics, and make a recommendation, set an expeditious timetable, and decide when or whether a public hearing is needed. A process that focuses on the offending item, not the offended patron, and asks whether the work meets the criteria of the library’s collection development process might enhance the process itself and the public’s understanding of why the library’s provision of diverse viewpoints benefits the entire community.
No Longer Safe: West Bend, Young Adult Literature, and Conservative Library Activism
Authors: Gaffney Loretta M.
Published: August 2014

The West Bend library controversy of 2009 was part of a larger conservative movement critical of Young Adult (YA) literature and the American Library Association. Organizations such as Family Friendly Libraries and the American Family Association leveraged community and parental fears about teens’ reading to target public library policies supporting intellectual freedom for youth. Ginny Maziarka and her husband Jim participated in conservative library activism by drawing information and resources from other organizations and by serving as an inspiration to would-be library activists. Their critiques of YA literature and of ALA policies defending youth access propelled them into a community battle contesting the purpose and mission of the public library.
Dax’s Case Redux: When Comes the End of the Day?
Authors: Hurst Ashley R. , Mahanes Dea , Marshall Mary Faith
Published: August 2014

Forty years after Dax Cowart fought to have his voice heard regarding his medical treatment, patient autonomy and rights are at the heart of patient care today. Yet, despite its centrality in patient care, the tension between a severely burned patient’s right to stop treatment and the physician’s role in saving a life has not abated. As this case study explores, barriers remain to hearing and respecting a patient’s treatment decisions. Dismantling these barriers involves dispelling the myths that burn patients must grin and bear intense pain to recover and that a patient’s choice to discontinue treatment equals physician failure. Moreover, in these situations, sustained, direct engagement between physician and patient can reduce the moral distress of all involved and enable physicians to hear and better accept when a patient is calling for the end of the day.
Undocumented and at the End of Life
Authors: Mendola Annette
Published: August 2014

Three of the most contentious issues in contemporary American society—allocation of medical resources, end of life care, and immigration—converge when undocumented immigrant patients are facing the terminal phase of chronic illness. The lack of consistent, pragmatic policy in each of these spheres leaves us with little guidance for how to advocate for undocumented patients at the end of life. Limited resources and growing need compound the problem. Care for patients in this unfortunate situation should be grounded in clinical and economic reality as well as respect for the dignity of the individual to avoid exacerbating inequalities.
The Burden of Obesity: Personal Stories, Professional Insights
Authors: Kushner Robert F.
Published: August 2014

The word obesity invokes multiple connotations that contain a realm of disparate descriptions ranging from disease to disdain. There are also few other human conditions that cause increased morbidity and mortality and affect millions of individuals worldwide yet is still viewed by many as a character fault or moral failure. Herein we have the opportunity to read the personal reflections of individuals with obesity who have struggled with their weight over a lifetime. Through a series of 12 narratives, the authors collectively share their shame, humiliation, dignity, inner strength and advice for health professionals who they entrust.
Risk Factor Medicalization, Hubris, and the Obesity Disease
Authors: Sadler John Z.
Published: August 2014

The essays on obesity in this issue frequently refer to the recent American Medical Association (AMA) declaration of obesity as a disease. In response to these essays, I describe and explore the significance of ‘risk–factor medicalization’ and how negative unintended consequences with this approach to disease modeling are exemplified in many of the essays. I also relate the essays’ content to the issue of physician hubris in the face of their own helplessness in aiding the obese patient.
Stories Worth Telling: Moral Experiences of Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Fitzpatrick Scott J.
Published: August 2014

Moral constructions of suicide are deliberately avoided in contemporary suicidology, yet morality persists, little or imperfectly acknowledged, in its practices and in the policies, discourses, and instruments that it underpins. This study used narrative methodologies to examine the normative force of suicidology and its implications for persons who had engaged in an act of nonfatal suicidal behavior. I interviewed a convenience sample of twelve persons from two inner–urban community mental health centers who were receiving crisis and case management services after a recent act of nonfatal suicidal behavior. Interviews focused on events leading up to and after participants’ suicidal behavior; the responses their suicidal behavior generated in others, including family, friends, and the health professionals caring for them; and cultural views of suicide more broadly. Analysis of these interviews revealed that, although participants’ narratives were broadly consistent with a number of recognizable, canonical story formats common to our cultural repertoire of stories of suicide, they also revealed important tensions, divisions, conflicts, and challenges to contemporary suicidological discourse and practice. Despite evidence to suggest that biomedical understandings of suicide provided some therapeutic benefit to participants, they did not address important social and moral dimensions of human life or explore their connection to suicidal behavior—aspects of the suicidal event that were critical to its causation and to its retelling and “resolution.” The results of this study provide important insights into the moral features of suicidal behavior, the moral and ethical implications of suicide research, and the limitations of moral and ethical discourse in suicidology.
Fatness, Medicalization, and Stigma: On the Need to Do Better
Authors: Goldberg Daniel S.
Published: August 2014

This article comments on a collection of remarkable narratives authored by fat writers addressing the American Medical Association’s decision to label obesity a disease. Endeavoring to avoid what has been termed “thinsplaining,” the commentary examines the voices of the writers in the hopes of identifying key themes and points that emerge from these fat narratives. The commentary canvasses the writers’ perspectives on topics such as the medicalization and pathologization of fat, the Western and especially American tendency to emphasize individual culpability for fatness, and, of course, the horrific commonality and intensity of fat stigma. Stigma is a particular focus for the commentary, both because it is a principal theme in the collection, and also because it is important to understand precisely what stigma is and its deep connections to larger macrosocial structures. The commentary concludes with a simple admonition, gleaned from the narratives: we should strive to do better.
The Temporalities of Habsburg Nostalgia
Authors: Schlipphacke Heidi
Published: August 2014

This introductory essay reflects on the temporal and spatial displacements that characterize nostalgia for the Habsburg Empire around the time of its demise and into the current age. Theories of nationalism and the modern nation have taken into account the affective pull of the nation, its ability to inspire a deep sentiment resembling religious feeling in its citizens. But how do we understand the emotional pull of empire? If patriotic sentiment can be linked to a pseudo-religious longing to be part of a unified national body, then how do we understand the love of the Habsburg Empire articulated in particular in the wake of the demise of this body and continuing far beyond its death? The longing for a pre-national state cuts across the grain of contemporary theories of nation. It is informed by our understanding of the vicissitudes of modernity and, in particular, a longing for a mode of being in the world that presumably preceded the homogeneous, linear time of the nation. The essay situates the contributions that follow it theoretically and historically, marking the fractured emotions for the dying or former empire as indicative of far more than a simply regressive idealization of a politically impoverished past.
Maria Theresa, “The Turk,” and Habsburg Nostalgia
Authors: Bridges Elizabeth
Published: August 2014

Presented by royal engineer Wolfgang von Kempelen, “The Turk” was a chess-playing automaton that debuted in the court of Maria Theresa in 1770 and defied skeptics of the illusion for decades. This article contends that, viewed in terms of the specific time and place of its creation, the automaton serves as a nexus of mixed nostalgic and fearful associations with the Ottoman world. On the one hand, the Turk’s stereotypical—yet, in that period, stylish—appearance and von Kempelen’s playful presentations of the automaton reflected evolving perceptions of the Ottomans that had developed during the relative peace after the 1739 Treaty of Belgrade. On the other hand, the automaton would also have invoked equally powerful associations of Turks as warlike and inscrutable, drawing on memories of a series of bloody conflicts. Beyond the fantasy of winning lost battles and regaining lost territories, the chess-playing Turk also offers a template for understanding nostalgia more generally: as an inherently unwinnable scenario that seeks to recapture a golden past.
Die Begräbnisfeier für Otto Habsburg aus der “Fenstersicht” von Thomas Bernhards Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall (1986)
Authors: Höyng Peter
Published: August 2014

Otto Habsburg, the oldest child of the last reigning Austrian emperor Karl I and nephew of Franz Joseph I, passed away in July 2011. His momentous and highly public funeral simultaneously catalyzed and presented as farce nostalgia for the bygone Habsburg dynasty, since only its Auslöschung enabled a Republican tradition in Austria. The essay scrutinizes the public ambivalence toward the funeral by utilizing Thomas Bernhard’s novel Die Auslöschung. Ein Zerfall (1986) in four ways: the narrator creates a distancing “Fensterblick” toward his family’s funeral, sees the pompous funeral as a farce, deconstructs the representative status of photographic images, and ultimately pushes for a break from the dubious past. Yet where Bernhard’s novel symbolically aims for a radical break from the Nazi past, the death of the Habsburg heir served, the article argues, as another attempt to avoid Austria’s discomfort with its own Nazi past. To this end, Otto Habsburg himself eschewed his anti-Semitic sentiments in order to be viewed as a safeguard of tradition resistant to the taint of the Nazis.
Habsburg Nostalgia and the Occidental Other: Chinese Perspectives on Stefan Zweig’s Novellas
Authors: Hoefle Arnhilt Johanna
Published: August 2014

Stefan Zweig (1881–1942) is often seen as the “nostalgic” Austrian writer par excellence who has been accused of producing a distorted and misleading image of a glorified Habsburg Empire in his works. This essay explores Chinese approaches to Zweig’s works which significantly complicate these readings of his Habsburg nostalgia. Drawing on Svetlana Boym’s theory of nostalgia and postcolonial approaches to Occidentalism, this study focuses on the reception of Stefan Zweig’s novellas in China during the second half of the twentieth century. The extensive Chinese commentary and, in particular, academic discussions of these works reveal strategies of employing Zweig’s depiction of Habsburg Austria for different, even contradictory, purposes as part of official as well as subversive anti-official discourses. The focus on the Chinese reception of Zweig’s literature offers alternative readings and fascinating new insights into the powerful socio-critical potential in the works of Zweig.
Presnitz in the Piazza: Habsburg Nostalgia in Trieste
Authors: Hametz Maura
Published: August 2014

This article explores Habsburg nostalgia in the case of Trieste, the former empire’s major Adriatic port. Weaving together strands of the port city’s evolving physical and cultural landscape and taking up recent civic projects, it argues for a distinct Triestine version of Habsburg nostalgia rooted in identification with a perceived cosmopolitan past constructed to reconcile the city’s Central European history with its position on the geographic periphery and cultural margins of the Italian state and western Europe. From this perspective, Triestine Habsburg nostalgia is imagined as association with the monarchy and transnational empire and serves as a means to transcend bitter local ethnic and national divides.
»BEATRICE«: Das sprachliche Zeichen als Schlüssel zum Kosmos
Authors: Pötters Wilhelm
Published: August 2014

Riassunto

Nel presente saggio viene esposto un nuovo approccio alla Commedia: una LECTURA GEOMETRICA basata su principi cosmologici e matematici. l'argomentazione inizia con una breve sintesi della metodologia derivata da determinati segni del linguaggio poetico di Dante, in particolare dal nome BEATRICE. Tramite l'analisi di una ventina di passi scelti dalle tre cantiche del poema sarà poi dimostrata l'attendibilità degli strumenti critici utilizzati.
»Le donne e ’ cavalier«: La civiltà cavalleresca nella Commedia
Authors: Picone Michelangelo
Published: August 2014

Schon Pio Rajna hatte in einem Aufsatz von 1920 darauf hingewiesen, daß die Arthuri regis ambages pulcerrime, die zyklischen Romane zum Lancelot-Graal-Stoff, zu den Vorlagen zu zählen sind, mit denen Dante sich in der Commedia bevorzugt auseinandersetzt. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt diese Intuition Rajnas auf und entwickelt sie weiter. Er wird zeigen, daß die Liebesepisoden von Lancelot und Guenièvre, wie sie im Roman in französischer Prosa erzählt werden, eine tiefgehende semantische und ideologische Struktur bilden, die den Kompositionsprozeß von einigen der wichtigsten Episoden des Epos sichtbar werden läßt; dies betrifft nicht nur die Episode im fünften Gesang des Inferno, in der der Dichter als Pilger Francesca trifft, und in der die Textstelle des Romans explizit zitiert wird. Auch an anderen Stellen, die entscheidend für den Aufbau des Werks sind, zeigt sich die strukturelle Eigenschaft der Liebesepisoden: von der anfänglichen Verirrung Dantes bis zu seiner Begegnung mit Beatrice im Paradies.
Un cursus geometrico? L’impalcatura nascosta della prosa ritmica dantesca nelle Epistole (I-XIII)
Authors: Patre Patrizia Di
Published: August 2014

Der Beitrag weist nach, dass Dante in seinen Briefen die Klauseln (cursus) streng symmetrisch anordnet. Die Untersuchung, die auf einer systematischen Analyse der Epistole beruht, stellt eine feste allgemeine Sequenz der Klauseln heraus (cursus velox-tardus, velox-planus, tardus-planus), die zirkulär gelesen werden kann. Sie wird von einer zweiten, gereihten Anordnung der drei Hauptklauseln unterbrochen: periodischen Folgen, die sich entsprechend einem der Terzinenverkettung analogen Prinzip verschieben (abc, bca, cab...). Die Untersuchung aller - von der Position her - stimmigen Klauseln erfordert jedoch, um eine gewisse Schwerfälligkeit zu vermeiden, Vereinfachungen. Beschränkt man sich auf die Analyse der tragenden Klauseln (am Schluss eines Satzgefüges oder phonetisch autonomen Nukleus), so gelangt man zu einer beispielhaften Symmetrie im erläuterten Sinn.
Mixed sub-fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Zili Mounir
Published: August 2014

A new extension of the sub-fractional Brownian motion, and thus of the Brownian motion, is introduced. It is a linear combination of a finite number of sub-fractional Brownian motions, that we have chosen to call the mixed sub-fractional Brownian motion. In this paper, we study some basic properties of this process, its non-Markovian and non-stationarity characteristics, the conditions under which it is a semimartingale, and the main features of its sample paths. We also show that this process could serve to get a good model of certain phenomena, taking not only the sign (like in the case of the sub-fractional Brownian motion), but also the strength of dependence between the increments of this phenomena into account.
Soft Dry Electrodes for Electrocardiogram with Conductive Silver Nanowires
Authors: Myers Amanda , Zhu Yong
Published: August 2014

With increasing attention towards long-term health monitoring, there is a pressing need to create noninvasive sensors that monitor vital bioelectronic signals. Particular importance is placed on measuring electrocardiogram (ECG) signals as heart issues are widespread and can be prevented with the proper warning and care of potential problems. Currently, ECGs are taken in a hospital setting using disposable silver-silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) pre-gelled electrodes. Unfortunately, this cannot translate to a long-term monitoring setting due to the electrolytic gel of the electrodes drying and causing skin irritation. This paper presents a soft, skin-mountable dry electrode based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) for measuring ECG signals that can be used in long-term, wearable health monitoring due to the elimination of the electrolytic gel. The AgNWs are embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which creates a robust design that will not suffer from delamination or cracking problems that can eventually lead to loss of conductivity. The electrode is characterized by electrode-skin impedance as a function of frequency and by the surface resistance as the electrode is stretched. The performance of the dry electrode is evaluated and comparable to that of conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes. The ability of the dry electrode to conform to skin is believed to compensate for the lack of an electrolytic gel.
Defects and Doping in Nanocrystalline Silicon-Germanium Devices
Authors: Konduri Siva , Mulder Watson , Dalal Vikram L.
Published: August 2014

Nanocrystalline Silicon-Germanium (Si,Ge) is a potentially useful material for photovoltaic devices and photo-detectors. Its bandgap can be controlled across the entire bandgap region from that of Si to that of Ge by changing the alloy composition during growth. In this work, we study the fabrication and electronic properties of nanocrystalline devices grown using PECVD techniques. We discovered that upon adding Ge to Si during growth, the intrinsic layer changes from n-type to p-type. We can change it back to n-type by using ppm levels of phosphorus, and make reasonable quality devices when phosphine gas was added to the deposition mix. We also measured the defect density spectrum using capacitance frequency techniques, and find that defect density decreases systematically as more phosphine is added to the gas phase. We also find that the ratio of Germanium to Silicon in the solid phase is higher than the ratio in the gas phase.
Structure Quantification and Gestalt of Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composite Microstructures for ICME
Authors: Bricker Stephen , Simmons J.P. , Przybyla Craig , Hardie Russell
Published: August 2014

Continuous fiber reinforced composites (RFC) are hierarchal and complex at multiple scales. In this work, tools are developed to automate the 3D characterization and quantification of the overall microstructure. Structure quantification enables accurate representation for material simulation and property prediction for the integrated computation materials engineering (ICME) of RFC based components. Relationships are developed to describe the key attributes of the microstructure at multiple scales including the individual fibers, tows, weave, porosity, and secondary matrix phases, which are treated as 'gestalts' of the structure. Here gestalt refers to the essence of shape or complete form of key features of the microstructure such as those of the tow architecture of the textile. Visualization tools are developed based on an artificial color scheme that allow the visual recognition of whole tows instead of just the collection of simple lines and curves representative of the fibers, which provides means whereby the gestalt of the microstructure can be visualized at the tow scale. These tools are demonstrated using a 3D dataset of the SiNC/SiC S200 ceramic matrix composite material (CMC) obtained via automated serial sectioning. Methods are then demonstrated to generate microstructure models representative of the characterized material for finite element analyses (FEA).
Determinação da idade gestacional com base em informações do estudo Nascer no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Ana Paula Esteves , Leal Maria do Carmo , Gama Silvana Granado Nogueira da , Domingues Rosa Maria Soares Madeira , Schilithz Arthur Orlando Corrêa , Bastos Maria Helena
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a validade de diferentes métodos de estimação da idade gestacional e propor a criação de um algoritmo para cálculo da mesma para a pesquisa Nascer no Brasil – estudo realizado em 2011-2012, com 23.940 puérperas. Utilizou-se a ultrassonografia precoce, realizada entre 7-20 semanas de gestação, como método de referência. Todas as análises foram estratificadas segundo tipo de pagamento do parto (público ou privado). Quando comparado à ultrassonografia precoce, foram encontrados coeficientes de correlação intraclasse substanciais tanto para o método idade gestacional na admissão baseado em ultrassonografia (0,95 and 0,94) quanto para o método idade gestacional relatada pela puérpera na entrevista (0,90 and 0,88), para o pagamento do parto público e privado, respectivamente. Medidas baseadas na data da última menstruação apresentaram coeficientes de correlação intraclasse menores. Este estudo sugere cautela ao se utilizar a data da última menstruação como primeiro método de estimação da idade gestacional no Brasil, fortalecendo o uso de informações oriundas de ultrassonografia precoce.
Clinical and psychological repercussions of videolaparoscopic tubal ligation: observational, single cohort, retrospective study
Authors: Dias Daniel Spadoto , Dias Rogério , Nahás-Neto Jorge , Nahás Eliana Aguiar Petri , Leite Nilton José , Bueloni-Dias Flávia Neves , Modotti Waldir Pereira
Published: August 2014

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Tubal ligation is one of the most commonly used contraceptive methods worldwide. Since the controversy over the potential effects of tubal sterilization still continues, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical and psychological repercussions of videolaparoscopic tubal ligation.DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational, single cohort, retrospective study, conducted in a tertiary public hospital.METHODS: A questionnaire was applied to 130 women aged 21-46 years who underwent videolaparoscopic tubal ligation by means of tubal ring insertion or bipolar electrocoagulation and sectioning, between January 1999 and December 2007. Menstrual cycle interval, intensity and duration of bleeding, premenstrual symptoms, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, noncyclic pelvic pain and degree of sexual satisfaction were assessed in this questionnaire. Each woman served as her own control, and comparisons were made between before and after the surgical procedure and between the two techniques used.RESULTS: The clinical and psychological repercussions were significant, with increases in bleeding (P = 0.001), premenstrual symptoms (P < 0.001), dysmenorrhea (P = 0.019) and noncyclic pelvic pain (P = 0.001); and reductions in the number of sexual intercourse occurrences per week (P = 0.001) and in libido (P = 0.001). Women aged ≤ 35 years at the time of sterilization were more likely to develop menstrual abnormalities. The bipolar electrocoagulation method showed greater clinical and psychological repercussions.CONCLUSION: Regardless of the technique used, videolaparoscopic tubal ligation had repercussions consisting of increased menstrual flow and premenstrual symptoms, especially in women aged ≤ 35 years, and also had a negative influence on sexual activity.
ILUSTRANDO: O LIVRO EM VITRINE E O QUE MAIS!?: O DISCURSO SOBRE O LIVRO E A CONSTRUÇÃO DE IMAGENS EM MATÉRIAS DA FOLHA DE S. PAULO***
Authors: ELY Luiz Augusto , NEGRI Lígia
Published: August 2014

Este trabalho é resultado de nossa pesquisa em que investigamos os recursos quando se tem o objeto "livro" como fonte de notícia em matérias publicadas pelo jornal Folha de S. Paulo, veiculadas no mês de março de 2008 no caderno de variedades - Ilustrada - e no suplemento literário - Mais!. Assim, nos deparamos com uma diversidade de textos, compostos por gêneros discursivos característicos; entretanto, certos textos nos chamaram a atenção, pois, ainda que publicados como matérias de jornal, mais parecem textos literários, devido ao espaço em que são divulgados e, certamente, por conta do público a quem são destinados. Além disso, podemos conceber que os discursos representam o mundo e, assim, suas enunciações são parte integrante desse mundo representado, daí a associação entre essa concepção e a categoria de cena da enunciação. Desse modo, nos faremos valer dos conceitos de ethos e pathos, afinal, ainda que tenhamos dois cadernos de um mesmo jornal, estes periódicos são pensados tendo como público sujeitos distintos. E, ao considerar essas noções, pretenderemos apontar a construção de imagens de leitores na constituição das imagens dos cadernos analisados, bem como justificar essa abordagem distinta da Folha de S. Paulo ao se tomar o objeto "livro" como notícia.
Uma genealogia imunitária: a bioética e a busca da autoconservação humana
Authors: Pyrrho Monique
Published: August 2014

Explorando brevemente o contexto histórico e os principais tópicos da bioética, o artigo argumenta que existe um modo de enfrentamento próprio da disciplina, caracterizado por um mecanismo que opera visando à autoconservação humana a partir da discussão sobre os critérios de qualificação do humano. Este mecanismo, central e unificador à heterogeneidade de concepções e perspectivas morais da bioética, é contextualizado em um horizonte de sentido mais amplo, que Esposito denomina paradigma imunitário. Finalmente, são delineadas algumas possibilidades de contribuição que esta chave interpretativa imunitária pode oferecer à bioética, no que tange às suas tensões internas e funções descritiva e normativa.
Avaliação do conhecimento dos anestesiologistas sobre cuidados paliativos
Authors: Santos Maria de Fátima Oliveira dos , Teles Natália Oliva , Oliveira Harison José de , Gomes Nicole de Castro , Tavares Joana Cariri Valkasser , Nóbrega Edilza Câmara
Published: August 2014

Avaliar o conhecimento dos cuidados paliativos entre anestesiologistas por meio de questionário individual. A amostra teve 95 profissionais, dos quais 65 do sexo masculino e 30 do feminino. Sessenta e dois anestesiologistas informam que "qualidade de vida" é o termo que melhor expressa os cuidados paliativos e 53 consideram a combinação da assistência casa/hospital a mais conveniente para o atendimento do paciente que requer esses cuidados. Observou-se que 83,2% dos pesquisados (n=79) não receberam preparação para lidar com paciente que requer cuidados paliativos e 88,4% comentam com colegas quando um paciente morre (n=84). A maioria dos entrevistados (n=46) discorda da prática de eutanásia. Quanto à autopercepção do conhecimento sobre cuidados paliativos, numa escala de 0 (nenhum conhecimento) a 10 (conhecimento total), a maioria das respostas alcançou média 5 (n=28), o que mostra a necessidade da reflexão acerca do cuidar na área da anestesiologia.
Aceitabilidade de barra de cereais potencialmente probiótica
Authors: Bastos Gustavo Almeida , Paulo Elinalva Maciel , Chiaradia Ana Cristina Nascimento
Published: August 2014

A utilização de micro-organismos probióticos é uma das mais atrativas opções para consumo humano, devido às suas excelentes propriedades funcionais. Considerando-se que o desenvolvimento de novos produtos tem adquirido crescente importância, objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a aceitabilidade de barras de cereais com micro-organismos potencialmente probióticos. Utilizou-se a escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos, que contém os termos descritivos situados entre "gostei extremamente" e "desgostei extremamente". Os atributos avaliados foram: aparência, textura, sabor e impressão global. Foi também realizada uma pesquisa de intenção de consumo, utilizando-se uma escala de cinco pontos situados entre "nunca comeria" e "comeria sempre". A avaliação sensorial foi realizada por uma equipe de 36 indivíduos não treinados: professores, estudantes e funcionários da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 20 e 40 anos. As amostras foram apresentadas aos provadores em ordem aleatória, de forma monádica, devidamente identificadas com números de três dígitos. A utilização da levedura Saccharomyces boulardii e da bactéria Lactobacillus acidophilus, por meio das diferentes formas de incorporação nas barras de cereais, não interferiu na qualidade sensorial e estrutural do produto. As quatro formulações de barra de cereais apresentaram boa aceitação sensorial quanto a aparência, textura, sabor e impressão global. A pesquisa de intenção de consumo revelou que mais de 60% dos provadores consumiriam o produto sempre ou frequentemente. A viabilidade dos micro-organismos por curto período de tempo torna necessária a realização de novos estudos, com o objetivo de aumentar a estabilidade destes micro-organismos durante a vida de prateleira do produto.
Perfil socioeconômico e profissional de manipuladores de alimentos e o impacto positivo de um curso de capacitação em Boas Práticas de Fabricação
Authors: Devides Gabriela Gianini Guilherme , Maffei Daniele Fernanda , Catanozi Maria da Penha Longo Mortatti
Published: August 2014

Doenças transmitidas por alimentos constituem um problema de saúde pública em nível mundial e estão frequentemente associadas a falhas na manipulação dos alimentos. Conhecer o perfil socioeconômico e profissional, bem como o nível de conhecimento dos manipuladores de alimentos, é requisito essencial para o planejamento de políticas públicas e programas de capacitação visando a segurança e qualidade dos alimentos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o perfil socioeconômico e profissional de manipuladores de alimentos, e o impacto de um curso de capacitação em Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) realizado na cidade de Araraquara-SP, Brasil. Um total de 192 manipuladores respondeu a dois questionários: o primeiro, para avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos manipuladores sobre BPF antes (avaliação diagnóstica) e depois (avaliação final) de participar do curso; o segundo, para realizar um levantamento do perfil socioeconômico e profissional dos manipuladores. Os resultados mostraram que o curso de capacitação repercutiu de forma positiva no nível de conhecimento dos manipuladores, sendo que todos os temas sobre BPF avaliados apresentaram um percentual de respostas corretas significativamente maior na avaliação final em relação à avaliação diagnóstica. Isso indica a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento constante, para garantir a qualificação profissional dos manipuladores e, consequentemente, a qualidade dos alimentos e a segurança alimentar dos consumidores.
Consumer contribution to food contamination in Brazil: modelling the food safety risk in the home
Authors: Motta Sergio Paulo Olinto da , Flint Steve , Perry Paul , Noble Alasdair
Published: August 2014

Foodborne diseases are among the most widespread public health issues, killing about 2.2 million people annually, and costing hundreds of billions of US dollars for governments, companies, families and consumers (WHO, 2007). In Brazil, foodborne diseases acquired in the home account for 55% of notified outbreaks (BRASIL, 2012). Several studies have investigated aspects of consumer behaviour concerning food poisoning, mapping practices in the home, but it remains a challenge to obtain a full picture of the consumer contribution to food contamination (REDMOND and GRIFFITH, 2003). This study aimed to assess the risks of food contamination in the home. A questionnaire containing 140 questions concerning food safety knowledge, handling practices, personal hygiene and basic health care, covering the stages when the food is under the control of the consumer, was developed and used to gather data for analysis. Appropriate scores were attributed to the questions (consequences to food safety) and answers (likelihood of food contamination). A risk estimate algorithm and an appropriate risk ranking scale were used to assess the results. From August 2011 to March 2012, survey questionnaires were collected from 2,775 consumers in Brazil across 19 out of 27 state capitals. The study found risky practices with the potential to lead to food poisoning occurrences in the domestic environment in the following handling steps: food transportation, food preparation, cooking and the handling of leftovers. The personal hygiene, age, formal education, family income and basic health care habits represented the factors most related to the risky practices of consumers, which could orientate food safety educational campaigns for the Brazilian population.
Caracterização comparativa entre chocolates ao leite formulados com gordura de leite anidra e com estearina de gordura de leite
Authors: Luccas Valdecir , Bonomi Élida Castilho , Kieckbusch Theo Guenter
Published: August 2014

O chocolate ao leite é uma suspensão de partículas muito finas (até 25 µm) de cacau, sólidos do leite e açúcar, envolvidas por uma fase gordurosa composta de manteiga de cacau e gordura de leite. A gordura de leite é um complexo lipídico constituído por cerca de 400 diferentes ácidos graxos, formando assim uma imensa variedade de triacilgliceróis, que tendem a interagir com a manteiga de cacau. Este trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar e comparar as propriedades reológicas, o índice de brancura e a tensão de ruptura de chocolate ao leite padrão - formulado com gordura de leite anidra - e de chocolate ao leite produzido com estearina de gordura de leite. A estearina de gordura de leite foi obtida através do fracionamento térmico da gordura de leite anidra a 27ºC e alcançou uma maior proporção de triacilgliceróis de alto ponto de fusão. A viscosidade plástica e o limite de escoamento de Casson apresentaram diferenças expressivas entre os dois tipos de chocolates. Os chocolates produzidos foram armazenados durante 5 meses em duas estufas BOD, sendo uma mantida à temperatura constante de 20ºC e a outra submetida a ciclos de temperaturas (20ºC-32ºC, em intervalos de 24 horas). A avaliação da cor realizada nas amostras submetidas a ciclos de temperatura indicou um aumento do índice de brancura em ambos os tipos de chocolate, mas com menor intensidade nos chocolates produzidos com estearina, sinalizando que esta formulação é mais estável à formação de fat bloom. A tensão de ruptura dos dois tipos de chocolates nas duas condições de armazenamento permaneceu semelhante. Imagens captadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) mostraram que o fat bloom formado no chocolate ao leite apresenta estrutura cristalina mais uniforme do que a do chocolate sem fat bloom.
Propriedades tecnológicas e de cocção em grãos de arroz condicionados em diferentes temperaturas antes da parboilização
Authors: Paraginski Ricardo Tadeu , Ziegler Valmor , Talhamento André , Elias Moacir Cardoso , Oliveira Mauricio de
Published: August 2014

O arroz é um dos principais cereais produzidos e consumidos no mundo. Objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar os efeitos de diferentes temperaturas da massa de grãos no condicionamento e no início da parboilização sobre parâmetros tecnológicos e de cocção. Os grãos foram armazenados com teor de água de 13%, em temperaturas de 5, 15, 25 e 35ºC, durante 7 dias, sendo submetidos com estas temperaturas ao processo de encharcamento a 60ºC, durante 300 minutos, antes da parboilização, autoclavados a 116±1ºC com pressão de 0,6±0,05 kgf cm-2 durante dez minutos e secos em secador estacionário com temperatura de 35ºC até 13%. Após parboilizados, os grãos foram submetidos às análises de renda e rendimento, incidência de defeitos, perfil colorimétrico e branquimétrico, tempo de cocção, rendimento gravimétrico e volumétrico de cocção, parâmetros texturométricos e à avaliação sensorial. Conclui-se que a temperatura de condicionamento antes da parboilização tem efeito negativo na incidência de defeitos em temperaturas mais altas (25 e 35ºC) e positivo no parâmetro "firmeza" da avaliação sensorial, em temperatura de refrigeração (5ºC). Porém, não altera o comportamento de cocção, rendimento gravimétrico, volumétrico e parâmetros texturométricos. O resfriamento artificial no condicionamento de grãos antes de parboilização possibilita uma melhor qualidade industrial e tecnológica no produto final.
Psicoterapia de grupo com pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos em centros de saúde pública
Authors: Cardoso Claudia Lins
Published: August 2014

Este artigo descreve a experiência clínica, através da psicoterapia de grupo com pacientes portadores de diabetes e hipertensão arterial, em dois Centros de Saúde Pública da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (MG). Uma reflexão sobre as atividades desenvolvidas revela que o resultado foi positivo, tanto para os pacientes, que demonstraram alguma melhora no quadro clínico e no emocional, quanto para os alunos envolvidos no trabalho, que tiveram a oportunidade de exercer o atendimento clínico num contexto institucional público, cujas características diferem bastante do atendimento em consultório particular.
Treino e generalização de leitura crítica e criativa: um estudo experimental com universitários
Authors: Hussein Carmen Lúcia
Published: August 2014

O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a eficiência de procedimentos de treino em leitura crítica e leitura criativa. Ainda foi o de verificar a generalização do treino de leitura crítica para a motivação, compreensão e leitura criativa. Também foi verificado a generalização do treino de leitura criativa para a motivação, compreensão leitura crítica. Os dados obtidos demonstraram a eficiência dos treinos oferecidos. Quanto à generalização, pode-se dizer que o grupo submetido ao treino de criticidade conduziu a produção de criatividade textual. Todavia, o procedimento de treino de criatividade textual não afetou o comportamento de criticidade textual. Finalmente, pode-se concluir que a variável modalidade de treino não controlou a produção dos comportamentos de compreensão e motivação de leitura.
Avaliação crítica de uma experiência de ensino-aprendizagem
Authors: Martins Roselisa Crespi
Published: August 2014

O presente trabalho, desenvolvido como atividade prática durante a disciplina Ensino da Psicologia Clínica, do curso de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica da PUC-Campinas, teve por objetivo realizar a análise crítica de uma prática de ensino à escolha do aluno. Tomando- se a atividade de ensino dentro de uma concepção mais ampla, que envolve a reciprocidade entre as pessoas envolvidas no processo, escolheu- se a relação terapêutica como a experiência de ensino-aprendizagem a ser analisada. Utilizou- se a Versão de Sentido (vs) como forma de registro de 9 sessões de um caso, atendido em psicoterapia breve de orientação psicodinâmica. Os relatos (vs) são pensados em termos de sua articulação com as tendências pedagógicas, seguindo- se a análise crítica dessa experiência.
Houses and economy in the favela
Authors: Motta Eugênia
Published: August 2014

A particular house provides the thread for a description of how people manage their domestic spaces, plan for the future, earn and spend money and care for their family. The aim of the article is to reflect on the elements that modulate the economy of the favela where they live, setting out from the notion of house, taken as a complex array of people, objects and spaces constructed in relation to other houses. These relations involve interdependence, asymmetries, affects and conflicts visible through everyday exchanges, commensality and the use of money. The ethnographic approach allows us to take economic practices as a window onto the ways in which the many dimensions of social life are intertwined: economy, family practices, gender relations, morality, spatiality and temporality. The text aims to engage in a critical dialogue with views of the favela as a place of absence and of the economy as a separate sphere of life.
Progress in Breeding Andean Common Bean for Resistance to Common Bacterial Blight
Authors: Viteri Diego M. , Terán Henry , Asensio‐S.‐Manzanera Mari Carmen , Asensio Carmen , Porch Timothy G. , Miklas Phillip N. , Singh Shree P.
Published: August 2014

Common bacterial blight is a severe disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) worldwide. Use of resistant cultivars is crucial for its control. The objectives were to (i) assess the progress made in breeding large‐seeded Andean bean developed between 1974 and 2010 and (ii) determine their resistance‐linked sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker composition. Ten Andean and four Middle American common bacterial blight resistant beans including checks were evaluated in the greenhouse in 2011. Bacterial strains ARX8AC and Xcp25 were used to inoculate primary and trifoliolate leaves. The mean disease score of the trifoliolate was 5.0 and of the primary leaf was 2.8. Strain Xcp25 had a mean score of 3.8 in primary and 5.9 in trifoliolate leaves. The respective scores for ARX8AC were 1.9 and 4.2. Andean ‘Montcalm’, with the SAP6 quantitative trait loci (QTL) and USDK‐CBB‐15, and USWK‐CBB‐17, with the SAP6 and SU91 QTL, showed an intermediate response to ARX8AC and a susceptible response to Xcp25. Middle American VAX 1 with SAP6, Andeans 08SH‐840 and CXR 1 with SAP6 and SU91, and RCS52‐2, RCS53‐3, and RCS63‐5B with SU91 and BC420 were resistant or intermediate to both strains. Middle American VAX 3 and VAX 6, with SAP6 and SU91, had the highest levels of resistance to ARX8AC, but their responses to Xcp25 were similar to the latter Andean group. Thus, significant improvement has been achieved, but breeding for yet higher levels of resistance, recovery of commercial seed types, and improving yield and other agronomic traits should be emphasized.