bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PELAKSANAAN TUGAS PEMBIMBING KEMASYARAKATAN DALAM PROSES DIVERSI ANAK YANG BERKONFLIK DENGAN HUKUM DI BALAI PEMASYARAKATAN KELAS I MEDAN
Authors: Karina Ica
Published: October 2021

Community advisors are correctional officers at the Correctional Center who provide guidance to residents assisted by correctional facilities outside the authority of prisons. In the juvenile justice process, community supervisors in making reports on the results of community research (LITMAS). This social research serves to take a closer look at the background of children's social life in terms of economy, education, interactions and social interactions. The function of criminalization is no longer just a deterrent but also a process of social rehabilitation and reintegration of the Assisted People in prisons. In this investigation, it shows that the task of Community Guidance in making social research and assisting children in conflict with the law as suspects / defendants in juvenile criminal justice processes, and for adult suspects in certain criminal acts and LITMAS for the benefit of treating prisoners and coaching prisoners shows Community Guidance since the beginning Pelaksanaan Tugas Pembimbing Kemasyarakatan Dalam Proses Diversi Anak Yang Berkonflik Dengan Hukum di Balai Pemasyarakatan Kelas 1Â  of the legal process until the return of a prisoner and correctional protege to the community. In its implementation, the Class I Medan social adviser has duties and functions, including the main task of the Bapas Class I Medan social adviser, which is to provide community guidance or alleviation of children in accordance with the invitation regulations who carry out and carry out coaching, guidance and supervision of clients outside the Penitentiary.
PENGARUH KAPASITAS FISKAL TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA PADA PEMERINTAHAN KOTA / KABUPATEN DI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Marbun Gembira
Published: October 2021

This research aim to know influance of fiscal capacity (Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum and Dana Bagi Hasil ) to the Human Development Index. Scope of research are 33 ( thirty three) local government in Sumatera Utara. Comply with criteria for sampling source it 25 (twenty five) local government in Sumatera Utara Province. Sample taking with purposive method sampling with period of research between of 2005 up to year of 2009. The data using to independent variable of by 2005-2008, and HDI data used of 2006-2009. Analysis method the used is Generalized Least Square (GLS) with random effect model estimation.

The Simultanly of fiscal capacity variable (Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum and Sharing Dana Bagi Hasil) influance to the Human Development Index. Partially shown that only of Dana Alokasi Umum variable significance to the Human Development Index variable. But, other variable of fiscal capacity variable (Pendapatan Asli Daerah and Dana Bagi Hasil ) not influance to the Human Development Index
PENGARUH DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, NET PROFIT MARGIN, TOTAL ASSETS TURN OVER DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP KETEPATAN WAKTU PENYAMPAIAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2011-2013
Authors: Sinurat Irna Wati Lena , Sitanggang Abdonsius
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Faktor-faktor yang diuji dalam penelitian ini adalah profitabilitas (Net Profit Margin), Leverage (Debt To Equity Ratio), ukuran perusahaan (SIZE) dan aktivitas (Total Asset Turn Over). Untuk mengetahui pengaruh NPM, DER, SIZE dan TATO terhadap ketepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan penulis menggunakan analisis regresi logistic. Penarikan jumlah sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 94 dengan periode pengamatan tahun 2011- 2013 maka jumlah sampel adalah 94x3= 192 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Net Profit Margin dan Debt To Equity Ratio berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan sedangkan ukuran perusahaan dan Total Asset Turn Over berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ketepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan. Nilai koefisisen determinasi (R Square) sebesar 17.10% yang artinya variabel independen NPM, DER, SIZE dan TATO dapat menjelaskan ketepatan waktu penyampaian laporan keuangan sebagai variabel dependen sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
ANALISIS REAKSI PASAR ATAS PENGGABUNGAN USAHA PADA PERUSAHAAN GO PUBLIC DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2012-2014
Authors: Tarigan Dhita Hariani Br , Lumban Gaol Romasi
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh pengumuman merger dan akuisisi terhadap reasksi pasar yang diukur dengan perubahan harga saham, return saham, return ekspektasi dan abnormal return saham pada perusahaan go public di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2012-2014. Perusahaan sampel yang di uji dalam penelitian ini adalah 46 perusahaan dari berbagai jenis industri yang berbeda-beda yang melakukan merger dan akuisisi selama periode 2012-2014.Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling.Data diperoleh dari Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2012 sampai dengan 2014.Pengujian hipotesis yang digunakan adalah One sample t-test dan Paired sample t-test dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 5%.Dari hasil pengujian diperolehbahwa perusahaan pengakuisisi tidak memperoleh tambahan kemakmuran dari aktivitas merger dan akuisisi. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara rata-rata abnormal return sebelum dan sesudah pengumuman merger dan akuisisi.
PENGARUH CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE,DAN UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PADA PERUSAHAAN INDUSTRI DASAR DAN KIMIA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Saragih Afni Eliana , Sembiring Yan Christin Br.
Published: October 2021

Aktivitas utama perusahaan manufaktur adalah mengolah bahan baku menjadi barang jadi. Sisa hasil produksi atau yang sering disebut limbah dapat menyebabkan polusi air, tanah, maupun udara. Hal ini menuntut adanya tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan disebutCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) terhadap masyarakat maupun pemerintah.Defenisi CSRmenurut World Bisnis Council for Sustainable Development (WBCD) merupakan suatu komitmen berkelanjutan oleh perusahaan untuk bertindak etis dan memberikan kontribusi kepada pengembangan ekonomi dari pihak internal ataupun masyarakat luas, bersamaan dengan peningkatan taraf hidup pekerjanya beserta seluruh keluarga.Pada banyak kasus, tanggung jawab sosial tersebut belum ditaati perusahaan

secara benar dan normal. Hasil evaluasi efek sosial ditemukan bahwa banyak konflik dan masalah yang ditinggalkan oleh sisa hasil produksi perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh corporate governance,profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Perusahaan Kimia dan Industri Dasar yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Tahapan penelitian dimulai

dengan mengumpulkan data yang dibutuhkan, selanjutnya akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa corporate governance, profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSRbaik secara simultan maupun secara parsial. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat diperluas dengan menganalisis faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi

CSR, atau menganalisis item CSR tertentu yang paling banyak diungkapkan oleh perusahaan.
PERBANDINGAN SISTEM PUSAT DAN DESENTRALISASI PENATAAN PAJAK
Authors: Padang Novi Natalia
Published: October 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbandingan sistem sentralisasi dan desentralisasi administrasi perpajakan. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode studi pustaka yaitu metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan penilaian terhadap sumber seperti membaca buku, internet seperti jurnal dan artikel yang berkaitan dengan masalah. Penggunaan desentralisasi efektif untuk administrasi perpajakan. Batasan penelitian ini menggunakan sumber referensi penelitian sebelumnya. Awalnya penelitian ini menggunakan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia.
PENGARUH ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED DAN MARKET VALUE ADDED TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Silalahi Esli , Manullang Meiyanti
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Economic Value Added (EVA) dan Market Value Added (MVA) terhadap Return Saham pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tehnik dokumentasi dengan memperoleh data laporan keuangan perusahaan, yang dapat diakses melalui www.idx.co.id.

Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda, dengan melakukan uji asumsi klasik yaitu: uji normalitas, uji multikolonieritas dan uji heteroskedastisitas, kemudian melakukan uji t dan uji F untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh Economc Value Added (EVA) dan Market Value Added (MVA) terhadap Return Saham pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2017 sebanyak 156 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan metode purposive sampling, berdasarkan tujuan peneliti dengan menggunakan beberapa kriteria tertentu, total sampel diperoleh sebanyak 25 perusahaan.

Hasil penelitian uji t menunjukkan bahwa: Economic Value Added (EVA) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Return Saham ; Market Value Added (MVA) berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Return Saham. Uji F menunjukkan Economic Value Added (EVA) dan Market Value Added (MVA) berpengaruh simultan dan signifikan terhadap Return Saham.
PENGARUH PERGANTIAN AUDITOR, UKURAN KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK (KAP), SOLVABILITAS DAN UMUR PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP AUDIT REPORT LAG PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Lumban Gaol Romasi , Sitohang Nariana
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pergantian auditor, ukuran KAP, solvabilitas dan umur perusahaan terhadap audit report lag pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI. Populasi penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri dasar dan kimia yang terdaftar di BEI di tahun 2013-2018. Dengan jumlah sampel 26 perusahaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah persamaan regresi linear berganda dengan menggunakan program SPSS 25. Dari hasil pengujian menggunakan SPSS diketahui bahwa, nilai koefisien determinasi (R Square) sebesar 0,092 ini berarti variabel bebas yaitu pergantian auditor, ukuran KAP, solvabilitas dan umur perusahaan secara bersama-sama mempengaruhi variabel dependen yaitu audit report lag sebesar 9,2%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis persamaan regresi linear berganda dapat disimpulkan bahwa. Pergantian auditor dan umur perusahaan berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap audit report lag pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2013-2018. Ukuran KAP dan solvabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap audit reportlag pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI).
Analisa Probabilitas Perpindahan Moda Transportasi Dari Bus Ke Kereta Api Rute Medan-Kotapinang Menggunakan Metode Stated Preference
Authors: Artanto Beni , Surbakti Medis Sejahtera
Published: October 2021

The construction of railway line between Rantau Prapat and Kotapinang is expected to easeÂ transportation process from Medan to Kotapinang, which could improve economic activities andÂ become the alternative solution to make a trip. At the moment, existing public transport that coversÂ this route is strictly limited to only medium or big buses. This research aims to identify theÂ characteristic of trip maker and also to analyze the probability of mode shifting from bus to train forÂ the mentioned trip. We use stated preference survey questionnaire, and it was distributed to randomÂ minimul sample needed. In order to obtain the utility function of the trip maker, the obtained data wasÂ then modeled in binomial logit method using SPSS statistical software. Tthe analyzed attributesÂ difference (Î”) are trip cost difference (Î”X1), waiting time difference (Î”X2), travel time difference (Î”X3). The generated model has 0.114 of R2, and the probability of shifting from bus to train is 31.93% if theÂ trip cost difference was Rp. 30.000. Meanwhile, the probability of shifting is 50.15% if the waitingÂ time difference was less then 30 minutes. Lastly, the probability of shifting is 57.96% if the travel timeÂ difference was 1 hour.
Hubungan Antara Pola Tutupan Lahan Terbangun Dan Laju Infiltrasi Air Hujan
Authors: R. BELA Krisantos , SERAN Engelbertha N. BRIA , NAIKOFI Mauritius I.R. , DA COSTA Don Gaspar Noesaku
Published: October 2021

Kupang City is an area in Indonesia which has a relatively low number of rainy days. This causes the supply of clean water or drinking water in Kupang City to decrease. The high infiltration rate not only increases the amount of water stored in the soil, but also reduces flooding and erosion caused by run off. This study aims to model the relationship between infiltration and discharge capability for each type of samples land by using linear regression method. For this reason, a water absorption test was conducted on the built up area based on the infiltration rate. The results of experiments and calculations using linear regression shown that area often received heavy load such as vehichles had lower infiltration rate leading to slow inundation height decrease. While areas rarely received heavy load had higher infiltration rate. Even though the difference is only around 2-3 cm / 5 minutes, it indicates that the availability of open areas is still needed to support the implementation of the zero run-off model in urban built areas
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Eksternal Yang Mempengaruhi Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Pada Pekerjaan Pembuatan Batako
Authors: HENONG Sebastianus Baki , LAKE Reginaldo Ch.
Published: October 2021

productivity is the ratio between output and input, or the comparison between product results and the total resources used. Based on several field observations, the productivity of labor spread across the city of Kupang, especially in brick production, varies greatly. As a result of varying productivity, the results obtained are also very varied. This research was completed with a multiple regression analysis method that began with the collection of raw data through site surveys the distribution of questionnaires to respondents including the owners of brick companies and brick workers in the city of Kupang. Of the five external factors that are used to determine how they affect the productivity of brickworkers in Kupang City, the influence factor is the weather. The significant value of the effect of X3 on Y was 0.279 > 0.05 and the t value was 2.095 > t table 2.00758. Thus it can be concluded that H3 is accepted which means there is an influence of X3 on Y. While the other four factors namely the distance of raw materials to the production machine, cleanliness, wages and motivation do not affect the productivity of the brickworkers..
Kajian Infrastruktur Ramah Lingkungan Di Perkotaan
Authors: ERVIANTO Wulfram I.
Published: October 2021

The city is an important part of the population as a space to work and socialize with fellow residents who occupy it. Not surprisingly, most of the population moves towards the city to get a more established livelihood. Data shows that the majority of the population living in the villages began to move to the city for various reasons, as indicated by the high rate of urbanization from year to year. One day the village will lose its role as a food barn for residents of the region. On the other hand, infrastructure needs in urban areas tend to increase which results in a decline in natural resources, especially those that are not renewable.To maintain a balance between the capabilities of nature providing various types of natural resources and infrastructure needs that continue to increase from year to year. The right approach is needed by implementing environmentally friendly development. This study discusses environmentally friendly approaches that are implemented in several infrastructures, namely (1) Eco-friendly sea port consisting of 23 important factors, (2) Environmentally friendly airport consisting of eight aspects, (3) environmentally friendly train station that covers three aspects, (a) in the train station environment, (b) along the railroad, through a tree planting greening program that absorbs CO_2 emissions, (c) Appropriate use of water quality and amount, for toilet purposes on trains using used water or rainwater harvested during rain.
Motorcycle Ridersâ€™ Perception of the Characteristics of Paratransit In Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Siahaan Reynaldo , Sitindaon Charles , Sitohang Oloan
Published: October 2021

In developing countries, the uncontrolled rise of private vehicle ownership, such as motorcycles, constitutes a great deal of air pollution in the city. While the motorcycle is quite convenient, public transport lacks many qualities, and for some cities, like Medan, they are limited to paratransit. This study aims to reach an understanding of motorcycle ridersâ€™ perception of the existing paratransit and its relation to their reasoning to choose the two-wheelers daily. We utilized a structured questionnaire and interviewed 456 daily-commuting riders to assess 13 service aspects of the existing paratransit and their primary reason for using a motorcycle. Our findings suggest that riders collectively agree that affordable fare, easy to find, and short walking distance are the best trait of the existing public transport in Medan. Meanwhile, travel time, time-availability, and hygienic issues are reported to be the most hindering aspects. This perspective is consistent with ridersâ€™ reasoning behind their mode choice, which is based primarily on time efficiency. This research highlights the comparison of ridersâ€™ need in commuting and their opinion about the existing paratransit. While it is yet interesting to learn how those aspects weigh in with each other, the result of this study still offers prudent recommendations in developing mode-shifting strategic policies to encourage more public transportation use in Medan city.
Perencanaan K3 Pekerjaan Bidang Konstruksi
Authors: Manurung Edison Hatoguan
Published: October 2021

Proyek konstruksi memiliki risiko kecelakaan kerja yang tinggi. Untuk menjamin keselamatan dan kesehatan pekerja serta kenyamanan dalam bekerja, perlu dilakukan penerapan prosedur keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja (K3) terhadap semua pekerja. Hal ini dilakukan dengan terlebih dahulu melakukan perencanaan program K3. Teori dan peraturan pemerintah juga mewajibkan setiap perusahaan menerapkan prosedur K3 tersebut. Perencanaan program K3 pada pekerja konstruksi dapat memberi pengaruh pada kinerja dan loyalitas pekerjanya pada proyek serta menghindarkan proyek dari tundaan jadwal proyek akibat kecelakaan kerja. Terdapat beragam kecelakaan kerja dalam proyek konstruksi. Dalam hal ini disiplin dalam penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) sangat krusial perannya.
Immersive Learning Experience pada Pembelajaran Daring dengan Penggunaan Virtual Reality
Authors: Siahaan Mangapul , Oktaviani Katherine , Julia Julia
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa dan menggagas model pembelajaran yang berpotensi meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran daring dengan cara meningkatkan student engagement dan motivasi belajar melalui penerapan Virtual Reality dan Gamification in Learning. Analisa dilakukan dengan metode meta-analisis jurnal dimana tim penulis melakukan penelusuran terhadap berbagai sumber artikel dan jurnal untuk menggagas suatu model pembelajaran menarik untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh. Melalui penelitian, ditemukan bahwa model pembelajaran daring yang saat ini digunakan belum efektif serta berisiko menurunkan student engagement dan motivasi belajar. Dengan keunikannya dalam menjaring student engagement, teknologi Virtual Reality dan gamification in learning dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai pelengkap, media, dan metode untuk pembelajaran daring
Potensi Pemanfaatan Limbah Ampas Kelapa Sebagai Sumber Pangan Atau Bahan Substitusi Makanan Kesehatan
Authors: Panjaitan Delima
Published: October 2021

Tanaman kelapa (Cocos nucifera L) termasuk jenis tanaman palma yang memiliki multi fungsi, karena hampir semua bagian dari tanaman tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat, Selain dari itu, limbah dari pengolahan buah kelapa ini dalam bentuk ampas kelapa masih dapat dimanfaatkan. Pemanfaatan ampas kelapa sebagai sumber pangan atau bahan substitusi makanan kesehatan selama ini belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian bersifat studi literatur dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Pemanfaatan dari limbah ampas kelapa ini sebagai sumber pangan atau bahan substitusi makanan kesehatan, sangat berpotensi ditinjau dari aspek produktivitasnya, aspek kesehatan dan manfaatÂ  ekonomi dan ekologisnya.
Effect of elevated temperature on green gram [Vigna radiata (I).Wilczek] performance under temperature gradient tunnel (TGT) environment in Punjab
Authors: HARPREET SINGH  , PRABHJYOT KAUR  , S.K. BAL  , B.U. CHOUDHURY
Published: October 2021

Physiology of green gram is highly sensitive to fluctuations in the thermal environment. Abnormally high temperatures during pod setting to pod development stage induces reduction in pod setting, nonhealthy development and early maturity of grain which results in yield decline. We evaluated the effect of elevated temperatures in a Temperature Gradient Tunnel (TGT) on phenology, physiology and crop performance of green gram cultivars at semi-arid climate of Indian Punjab (Ludhiana). Five green gram cultivars were grown in TGT chambers in a factorial randomized block design with varying level of elevated temperatures (+3.3° C to 5.2° C) for two consecutive kharif seasons (2015-2016). The results reveal that the phenological stages of green gram, were advanced under elevated temperature within the TGT compared to open / ambient condition by 12-13 days. Maximum influence was observed in pod formationand pod maturity stages. With rise in temperatures by 3.3 to 5.2°C in TGT over ambient condition, the plant height increased but the number of branches per plant and the total above ground biomass as well as grain yield decreased consistently. It was found that with 1 oC increase in average seasonal temperature, the grain yield decreased by 75 kg ha-1. On the other hand, the harvest index was in general lower inside TGT chamber implying adverse influence of elevated temperature on biomass production although the partitioning of biomass was more efficient inside the TGT as evident from increase in harvest index. There was strong negative correlation of elevated temperature (inside TGT) with different yield attributes like 1000 seed weight, number of seeds per pod and number of pods per plant. Among the five green gram cultivars, ML-2037 was the most tolerant while cv. SML-1811 was the most susceptible to elevated temperature condition. In general, the grain yield decreased linearly with gradual increase in temperature.Average seasonal temperature of 29-30 oC may be considered as the favourable thermal conditions for the green gram crop in semi-arid conditions of Punjab. However, the future thrust will be to create more temperature gradients in the lower side so that the critical temperature threshold limits for optimum yield of green gram can be ascertained more accurately.
Assessing water requirement of orange trees using sap flow measurements in Narkhed-Pandhurna critical zone observatory (CZO) in central India
Authors: ASHUTOSH KUMAR MISHRA  , PARAS R. PUJARI  , SHALINI DHYANI  , PARIKSHIT VERMA  , RAMESH JANIPELLA  , PANDURANG BALWANT  , SAPTARSHI D. PURKAYASTHA  , RAFAT QUAMAR  , JYOTHI VELIGETI
Published: October 2021

We used thermal dissipation method for sap flux measurements in orange trees to assess its water requirement in Narkhed-Pandhurna region. Thermal Dissipation Probe (TDP) sensors were installed in 5-year old (young) and 15-year old (mature) orange trees to measure the diurnal sap flux variations in trees during November 21, 2019, to January 31, 2020 (71 days). The results show that the maximum daily water uptake by the 5-year old tree was 1.1 L observed on 39th day of measurement (December 29, 2019) and in the 15-year old tree it was 5.0 L, and it observed on 38th day (December 28, 2019) of measurement. The cumulative water uptake during the study period by the 5-year old tree was 49.0 L, and the 15-year old tree consumed 257.4 L of water. The results were compared with the recommended irrigational values of Indian Horticulture Board (IHB), Government of India (GoI) and Groundwater Survey and Development Agency (GSDA), Government of Maharashtra (GoMH) for orange orchards. The initial investigation shows that recommended guidelines for irrigation of orange trees are exorbitantly high and needs to be revised. The sap flow methods are more precise that can measure sap flow at a very short interval and can generate a time series of data. It can be used to revise the guidelines with the aim to conserve water and propose precision water irrigation for the study area in particular and different agro-climatic zones of the country in general.
Assessment of climate change impact on different pigeonpea maturity groups in north Indian condition
Authors: M.K. YADAV  , C. PATEL  , R.S. SINGH  , K.K. SINGH  , R. BALASUBRAMANIAN  , R.K. MALL  , M.K. SINGH  , S.M. SINGH  , S.K.YADAV
Published: October 2021

The CROPGRO-pigeonpea model embedded in DSSAT v4.7.5 was used to assess the impact of climate change on phenology and grain yield of reference genotype of different pigeonpea maturity groups. The impact of climate change delayed reproductive stages (anthesis, maturity) and decreased grain yield of reference genotype of different pigeonpea maturity groups were evident in all scenarios. Short duration genotypes (MN5, ICPL88039, Prabhat, UPAS120) showed progressively higher decrease in yield as compared to medium (Maruti, Asha, ICP7035) and long (Bahar, MAL13) duration genotypes with each successive increase in scenatio from RCP2.6 to RCP8.5 and projected year from 2010 to 2095. Anthesis was delayed 9 days in MN5 to 20 days in Bahar and maturity delayed 15 days in MN5 to 24 days in Bahar with RCP 8.5 in year 2095 in comparison to RCP2.6 in years 2010, whereas, grain yield was decreased 14% in Bahar to 66% in MN5 among genotypes of different maturity groups.
Rice yield forecasting using agro-meteorological variables: A multivariate approach
Authors: GURMEET NAIN  , NITIN BHARDWAJ  , P.K. MUHAMMED JASLAM  , CHANDER SHEKHAR DAGAR  , ANURAG
Published: October 2021

The weather variables impact the crop differently throughout the various stages of development. The weather effect on crop yield thus can be determined not only by the magnitude of weather variables but also on the variability of weather over crop season. Crop yield forecasting methods incorporating weather information provide a better prediction of yield accounting the relative effects of each weather component. Regression analysis is the most frequently used statistical technique for investigating and modelling the relationship between variables. Building a multiple regression model is an iterative process. Usually several analyses are required for checking the data quality as well as for improvement in the model structure. The use and interpretation of multiple linear regression models depends on the estimates of individual regression coefficients. However, in some situations the problem of multicollinearity exists when there are near linear dependencies between/among the independent variables. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method has been proposed to address the problem of multicollinearity. Using principal component scores (PC) derived from weather variables as predictor variables helps to obtain better estimate the yield. The discriminant analysis is a multivariate technique involving the classification of separate sets of objects (or sets of observations) and assigning of new objects (or observations) to the groups defined previously. Forecasting of crop yield can also be done using discriminant analysis scores based on the weather variables as regressor.
Perspectiva agroecológica en el Antropoceno
Authors: Altieri Miguel Ángel , Nicholls Clara Inés
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de esta reflexión es mostrar cómo se puede utilizar la agroecología en el desarrollo de un nuevo sistema agrícola post-COVID-19 como alternativa de desarrollo sostenible, revitalizando la agricultura campesina creando sistemas alternativos de producción animal y potencializando la agricultura urbana. Un sistema agrícola basado en la agroecología, es capaz de minimizar las futuras interrupciones generalizadas del suministro de alimentos debido a las pandemias y el cambio climático al mejorar los vínculos entre la producción de alimentos a pequeña escala, el consumo local y proporcionar pautas para la reconstrucción de un sistema agrícola posterior a la COVID-19. La agroecología es una estrategia que se centra en lograr la autonomía y la resiliencia, que puede transformar rápidamente las formas en que los pequeños agricultores producen y consumen alimentos al mismo tiempo que abordan los desafíos globales, incluido el cambio climático, la pérdida de biodiversidad, la inseguridad alimentaria, la pobreza y el deterioro de la salud.
Developing Student Work Experience Programmes Within the European Higher Education Area Framework: The Role of Social Partners
Authors: Skiadas Dimitrios , Boutsiouki Sofia , Koniaris Vasileios , Zafiropoulos Konstantinos , Karatsiori Marianthi
Published: October 2021

The aim of establishing the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) marked the development of the Bologna process since its beginning, while it exercised a decisive influence on the content of the higher education policy initiatives undertaken over the years. One of the most important goals of the relevant policy making was to bridge the university-to-labour market gap and to improve the employability of graduates. Such aims require a consistent and multidimensional cooperation between higher education institutions and the social partners, mainly employers, from which significant benefits may derive for all parties involved. As a result, many types of work based learning have been promoted in higher education with the most prominent of them being the student work experience programmes organised by universities in collaboration with enterprises. The paper analyses the guidelines provided by the EHEA framework with regard to the cooperation between universities and the social partners. Also, it discusses the role that has been attributed to (or claimed by) the social partners regarding work experience programmes. The EHEA institutional framework includes provisions for the participation of social partners in the organisation of work placements, which contribute to students’ skills development and easier transition to employment.
How are Day-ahead Prices Informative for Predicting the Next Day’s Consumption of Natural Gas? Evidence from France
Authors: Thomas Arthur , Massol Olivier , Sévi Benoît
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate, for the first time, whether the next day’s consumption of natural gas can be accurately forecast using a simple model that solely incorporates the information contained in day-ahead market data. Hence, unlike standard models that use a number of meteorological variables, we only consider two predictors: the price of natural gas and the spark ratio measuring the relative price of electricity to gas. We develop a suitable modeling approach that captures the essential features of daily gas consumption and, in particular, the nonlinearities resulting from power dispatching and apply it to the case of France.Our results document the existence of a long-run relation between demand and spot prices and provide estimates of the marginal impacts that these price variables have on observed demand levels. We also provide evidence of the pivotal role of the spark ratio in the short run which is found to have an asymmetric and highly nonlinear impact on demand variations. Lastly, we show that our simple model is sufficient to generate predictions that are considerably more accurate than the forecasts published by infrastructure operators.
Design of Renewable Support Schemes and Windfall Profits: A Monte Carlo Analysis for the Netherlands
Authors: Hulshof Daan , Mulder Machiel
Published: October 2021

This paper investigates to which extent the Dutch feed-in premium scheme for on-shore wind projects has resulted in windfall profits during 2003-2018, a period in which the design of the scheme changed several times. Using Monte Carlo simulations, for 2003, 2009 and 2018, years that represent distinct scheme designs, we estimate the distributions of the required subsidy across virtually all potential on-shore wind projects, and compare them to the granted subsidies. We find that the average windfall profits of randomly drawn projects from the pool of potential investments have decreased over time, largely as a result of differentiating in the subsidy level among projects on the basis of the wind speed at the turbine’s location. Despite these improvements, actual investments still experience substantial windfall profits, implying that investors successfully seek out projects that yield the highest windfall profits. Overall, the results imply that accounting for heterogeneity by differentiating in the subsidy level contributes to mitigating windfall profits.
Pipes, Trains and Automobiles: Explaining British Columbia’s High Wholesale Gasoline Prices
Authors: Fellows G. Kent
Published: October 2021

I modify a coumot oligopoly model to examine the effect of pipeline capacity constraints on regional wholesale gasoline prices. The model includes a discontinuous supply function for a common input (transportation) with a constrained low-cost mode (pipelines) and an unconstrained higher cost mode (rail, truck or barge). The equilibrium outcome demonstrates a piecewise linear relationship between the low-cost capacity constraint and the equilibrium price. The shape of the transportation supply curve is also shown to affect the relationship between firm average marginal costs and the equilibrium price. I also present a test of the model’s implications, demonstrating that it is able to explain a recent pronounced increase in wholesale gasoline prices for cities in British Columbia Canada. While the exercise is motivated by a specific market, the model and its implications apply to a broad set of discussions on inter-regional arbitrage in the context of imperfect competition.
A study of Indoor Environment of Large Glazed Office Building in Semi Arid Climate
Authors: Badeche Mounira , Bouchahm Yasmina
Published: October 2021

In recent years the rate of buildings with large glazed facades is rapidly increasing, particularly in office buildings. Where, the creation of a suitable thermal and visual comfort is a significant factor affecting productivity. The use of large glazed facades without adapted shading measure generates thermal and visual discomfort, wich ranges from uncomfortable environment conditions to serious health effects. Specialized work and literature about performance evaluation of large glazed office buildings in relation to their environment are lacking in semi arid climates, characterized by significant intensity of solar radiations in the summer period of the year.
This study investigates the impact of large glazing areas on thermal and visual comfort in a sample of naturally ventilated office building located in the semi arid climate of Algeria (36°, 17 N and 7°, 23’ E). A Post Occupancy Evaluation technique (POE), being a mainstream activity in the process of building operation phase is used for this purpose. The main objective is to stress practitioners, specifically architects, to take conscious decisions in an early phase of design process. The study clearly highlighted discomfort in the studied office building. It included unacceptable temperature arising from glazed facade; overheating due to excessive solar gains; insufficient ventilation and poor daylighting. The results indicate that such large fenestration system is not recommended in summer time. However, a judicious choice of the glazing size and type by simulation tools must balance lighting and thermal needs.
Comparing Architects’ Perceptions of the Usefulness of Digital Design Environments with their Aspirations for Sustainable Design in Australia
Authors: Yu Rongrong , Ostwald Michael J.
Published: October 2021

This paper uses a combined method – survey and semi-structured interviews – to evaluate the perceived effectiveness of digital design environments for supporting architects’ sustainable design practices. In most contemporary firms, architects’ sustainable design aspirations are reliant on the use digital design tools and associated computational platforms. Past research, however, suggests that a level of uncertainty exists about whether these tools and platforms are sufficient for this purpose. To investigate this issue in an Australian context, architects were invited to take part in an online survey to identify general trends and perceptions, leading to a series of semi-structured interviews, to analyse the issues in detail. The survey results (n = 70) suggest that despite considering sustainable design an important objective in their design practice, participants believe that digital design tools require further development and improvement. Detailed interviews (n = 15) then identified specific factors affecting the usefulness of digital design tools. These results enhance our understanding of Australian architects’ experiences using digital design tools. It also contributes to improving the tools that support sustainable design practices throughout the architectural, engineering and construction industry.
A Novel Fuzzy Optimized CNN-RNN Method for Facial Expression Recognition
Authors: Zhang Dong , Tian Qichuan
Published: October 2021

Facial expression is one of the important ways of transferring emotion in interpersonal communication, and it has been widely used in many interpersonal communication systems. The traditional facial expression recognition methods are not intelligent enough to manage the model uncertainty. The deep learning method has obvious ability to deal with model uncertainty in the image recognition. The deep learning method is able to complete the facial expression work, but the recognition rate can be further improved by a hybrid learning strategy. In this paper, a Fuzzy optimized convolutional neural network-recurrent neural network (CNN-RNN) method for facial expression recognition is proposed to solve the problems of direct image convolution without image enhancement and simple convolution stack ignoring feature layer-by-layer convolution resulting in information loss. Firstly, each face image is scaled by the bilinear interpolation and the affine transformation is adopted to expand the image data to avoid the shortage of the data set. Then the feature map of the facial expression is extracted by the CNN with small information loss. To deal with the uncertainty in the feature map, the Fuzzy logic is employed to reduce the uncertainty by recognizing the highly nonlinear relationship between the features. Then the output of the Fuzzy model is fed with the RNN to classify different facial expression images. The recognition results based on the open datasets CK, Jaffe, and FER2013 show that the proposed Fuzzy optimized CNN-RNN method has a certain improvement in the recognition effect of different facial expression data sets compared with current popular algorithms.
Government Use of Print
Authors: Limbach Saskia
Published: October 2021

Presenting the most comprehensive account of official print in the Holy Roman Empire during the sixteenth century, this study investigates the use of the printing press as an increasingly important instrument in the expansion of authority. By comparing and contrasting publications printed in the Duchy of Württemberg and in the Free Imperial City of Cologne, the author traces the tentative beginnings of collaboration between rulers and printers. Making use of hitherto unexplored legal and business records, the study offers a sophisticated analysis of the early modern print trade which allows us to ascertain the business and market conditions that shaped the production of administrative and legal documents, such as police ordinances and announcements.
Kant über Spontaneität und Selbstbestimmung im Denken
Authors: Drakoulidis Charalampos
Published: October 2021

The concept of autonomy and its relation to the idea of freedom are among the most important and most frequently discussed topics in the research on Kantian philosophy. In contrast, there has been relatively little appreciation of the fact that Kant conceives of man as a free, self-determined being not only in his practical-moral but also in his theoretical cognitive relation to the world. This disproportion is probably also due to the fact that this thesis has neither been methodically elaborated by Kant, nor is it a philosophically innocuous one. The author undertakes a systematic location of the idea of epistemic self-determination in Kant's conception of human cognition and, on this basis, explores the structural relationship between epistemic self-determination and moral autonomy. The analysis clearly highlights the parallels and differences between the two domains and identifies autonomy as a general formal principle of reason that characterizes both cognition and action.
Theorie der Ironie
Authors: Japp Uwe
Published: October 2021

The study has two objectives: to determine the general structure of irony and to show in detail how it is applied in each particular case. In addition to typological differences, the diverse historical manifestations of irony are taken into account. Among the authors the study deals with are Socrates/Plato and Aristophanes; Schlegel, Hegel, and Kierkegaard; Swift and Voltaire; Flaubert, Proust, Thomas Mann, Joyce, and Musil. While thus touching on Socratic, Romantic, and modern irony, Japp does not limit himself to the interpretation of individual ironies as they can be encountered in different times and texts, but always takes into consideration the significance of irony for a general knowledge. The book therefore concludes by inquiring about the knowledge of irony.
Anfangsgründe der Volkssouveränität
Authors: Welsch Martin
Published: October 2021

Kant's 'Staatsrecht' in the "Metaphysik der Sitten" very likely represents the sharpest analysis and critique of democratic modernity after 1789. This, however, had to remain unrecognized as long as the repeatedly lamented problematic nature of this late text was attributed either to the alleged senility of the author, or else confusion created in the course of the printing process was blamed for its inscrutable composition. In fact, however, it is an expression of the brilliance of a philosophical rhetoric that has remained unexplored to this day and must be regarded as the culmination and pièce de résistance of Kant's oeuvre. By focussing the attention to this piece of writing for the first time in the history of Kant scholarship, Martin Welsch uncovers a hitherto unnoticed variant of the notion of radical popular sovereignty that sheds new light on our political present.
Applications of Helium Plasma in Rejuvenation of the Face and Neck
Authors: Leake Deirdre , Lee Janet
Published: October 2021

Energy based devices have been developed for the purposes of tissue contraction and skin tightening. Its application in the face and neck have been explored using lasers, temperature controlled monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency, and ultrasound. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the various applications for the face and neck using Renuvion™, a unique energy driven device based on plasma generated from the combination of helium gas and radiofrequency energy. The advantage of this technology is its ability to offer precise delivery of heat to tissue with minimal thermal spread, in part due to the rapid cooling aided by the helium gas. We will explore the options in which this technology can be incorporated to rejuvenate the face and neck, the patient selection considerations in choosing method of approach, surgical technique, anticipated outcomes, potential concerns and or complications associated with this and expected perioperative care. Applications in the face and neck include: (1) Subdermally in the neck as a stand alone procedure with or without liposuction. (2) Subdermally in a limited incision, non-excisional technique with a concomitant platysmaplasty either with an open approach or percutaneous use of suture suspension for the platysmal muscle. (3) Subdermally in conjunction with an open traditional rhytidectomy involving skin excision. (4) Ablative resurfacing—fractional or pulsed and full continuous modalities (non-FDA cleared at the time of this writing). It is the authors’ experience that with appropriate patient selection this can be a powerful tool that can deliver skin tightening and rhytid reduction not seen by other technologies available.
Approaches toward Community Participation Enhancement in Ecotourism
Authors: Keith Gumede Thembinkosi , Thandi Nzama Antonia
Published: October 2021

A vast majority of scholarship share a similar view that collective participation of different stakeholders serves as a prerequisite for ecotourism sustainable development. Local community participation is considered to be an important pillar of ecotourism development as local communities are capable of influencing success or failure of ecotourism development projects. Socio-economic and socio-cultural well-being of local communities are crucial ingredients for maintaining rapport amongst stakeholders and sustaining ecotourism development. Despite being promulgated as a central pillar of ecotourism development, literature reveals that local communities have not been actively participating in planning and decision-making processes regarding ecotourism development. Adoption of Western-centric oriented participation frameworks by numerous state authorities coupled with lacking necessary skills have been identified as the main factors that hinder active participation of local communities in ecotourism development initiatives. It has therefore, been suggested that ecotourism destinations need to adopt and implement participatory approaches that suit their specific contexts and promote bottom-up ecotourism development procedures. Based on its potential for influencing review and amendment of existing tourism-related policies, a local community participation improvement model has been developed. The model is aimed at facilitating inclusive and active participation of all stakeholders in ecotourism development processes.
Traveling Wave Solutions and Chaotic Motions for a Perturbed Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with Power-Law Nonlinearity and Higher-Order Dispersions
Authors: Youssoufa Mati , Dafounansou Ousmanou , Gaston Latchio Tiofack Camus , Mohamadou Alidou
Published: October 2021

This chapter aims to study and solve the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with the power-law nonlinearity in a nano-optical fiber, based upon different methods such as the auxiliary equation method, the Stuart and DiPrima’s stability analysis method, and the bifurcation theory. The existence of the traveling wave solutions is discussed, and their stability properties are investigated through the modulational stability gain spectra. Moreover, the development of the chaotic motions for the systems is pointed out via the bifurcation theory. Taking into account an external periodic perturbation, we have analyzed the chaotic behavior of traveling waves through quasiperiodic route to chaos.