bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corrective Feedback to Improve Students Writing Ability
Authors: MARIANA LINA , Nurhajati Diani
Published: November 2017

This article refers to a Lesson Study research implementing Corrective Feedback to enhance the students writing ability. The research aims to identify: (1) kinds and types of corrective feedback given by the lecturer to improve the students writing ability and (2) the process of giving corrective feedback in Creative Writing classroom. It was conducted to 37 second year students in the odd semester of 2016/2017 academic year of a University of Nusantara PGRI in Kediri, East Java. Questionaire, interview and tests were given before and after the implementation of corrective feedback activities and it had two cycles, consisting of three main stages, they are Plan, Do and See stage. The instruments used were questionnaire and interviews were given to the students before and after the implementation. The result showed that corrective feedback activities improved students writing ability. The students were interested in creative writing class as they paid good attention and felt fun when they were involved in making creative paragraphs consisting of a short story to be presented in front of the class and expressed their ideas upon the stories given. Their worries of making mistakes were decreased since the lecturer gave oral corrective feedback directly when they made mistakes in deciding the intrinsic elements of making short story and also when the lecturer made some notes upon their works as written corrective feedback discussing about the aspects of writing such as grammatical structure of sentences, vocabulary, ideas, organization and also mechanic. After having some beneficial notes to be revised the students will absolutely get the points about what the mistakes and weaknesses they made that not to be done again for the next project.
PERAN WADUK GAJAH MUNGKUR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI KABUPATEN SRAGEN
Authors: Suprihati Suprihati
Published: November 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran Waduk Gajah Mungkur terhadap pertumbuhan sektor pertanian khususnya pada tahun irigasi teknis di Kecamatan Masaran Kabupaten Sragen dan konversi lahan pertanian ke lahan non pertanian di Kecamatan Masaran Kabupaten Sragen.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan, dokumen dan lapangan. Metode analisis digunakan adalah kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran Waduk Gajah Mungkur terhadap pertumbuhan sektor pertanian khususnya pada tahun irigasi teknik di Kecamatan Masaran Kabupaten Sragen sangat penting diantaranya mengatasi dampak dari kemarau panjang, meningkatkan produksi padi hal ini dikarenakan adanya perubahan pola tanam dalam satu tahun yaitu padi – padi – palawijo, dan adakalanya diseling dengan tanaman tebu. Dalam hasil penelitian ditemukan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan hasil produksi padi sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan irigasi teknik. Konversi lahan pertanian ke lahan non pertanian di Kecamatan Masaran Kabupaten Sragen tahun 2002 ke 2011 diketahui jenis penggunaan lahan yang meningkat cukup menonjol yaitu untuk industri menunjukkan angka 149 Ha atau 3,38 % dari konversi yang terjadi pada waktu tersebut, begitu juga perumahan 27,41 %. Sedangkan yang berkurang sawah seluas 292 Ha dan tegalan seluas 19 Ha. Dampak yang terjadi akibat konversi lahan pertanian ke non pertanian di Kecamatan Masaran Kabupaten Sragen antara lain adanya degradasi daya dukung ketahanan pangan dan pendapatan pertanian menurun dan meningkatnya kemiskinan masyarakat.Kata kunci :     Peran Waduk Gajah Mungkur, Sektor Pertanian, Konversi Lahan Pertanian ke Nonpertanian
GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE (GCG) DALAM PERBANKAN SYARIAH
Authors: Romdhoni Abdul Haris
Published: November 2017

This study is about good corporate governance is an increasingly crowded studied both in the acadimician and practiciant. With good corporate governance are applied consistently positive for the Islamic banks, due to the good corporate governance include things that are in line with Islamic law such as transparency, independence, accountability and responsibility.               Therefore good corporate governance will create a culture of superior companies, so that with the superior culture of what the objectives of the company will be more easily achieved. In addition, a culture of excellence will form a dynamic working atmosphere and professional.            Good corporate governance will also strengthen the system so that the function of leadership and organization will establish a value. If it will continue on an ongoing basis it will make a positive contribution that benefits the company, or Islamic banking. Trust will also be obtained both from internal and external company or Islamic banks.
EARNING MANAGEMENT MELALUI AKTIVITAS RIIL DAN AKRUAL
Authors: Ningsih Suhesti
Published: November 2017

Earning Management (Manajemen laba) adalah perekayasaan laba yang dilakukan oleh manajer. Ada dua pendekatan dalam manajemen laba yaitu manajemen laba akrual dan manajemen laba riil. Manajemen laba akrual adalah perekayasaan laba melalui aktivitas akrual seperti metode akuntansi. Sedangkan manajemen riil adalah manipulasi laba melalui aktivitas-aktivitas riil. Manajemen laba akrual diukur dengan short term dan long term  akrual diskresioner. Sedangkan manajemen laba riil diukur dengan arus kas operasi abnormal (abnormal CFO), biaya produksi abnormal (abnormal Production Costs), dan biaya diskresioner abnormal (abnormal Discretionary Expenses). Dari hasil beberapa penilitian menunjukan bahwa manajer lebih cenderung melakukan manajemen laba melalui aktivitas riil dibandingkan dengan aktivitas akrual karena dianggap dapat menangkap pengaruh riil lebih baik daripada hanya akrual operasi dan lebih sulit dideteksi oleh auditor daripada manajemen laba berbasis akrual. Kata Kunci : EarningManagement, Manajemen laba riil, Manajemen laba akrual
ANALISIS LAPORAN SUMBER DAN PENGGUNAAN KAS PADA KUD TANI MAKMUR TAWANGMANGU KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Rukmini Rukmini
Published: November 2017

Untuk mengetahui sebab-sebab terjadinya perubahan kas baik itu kenaikan atau penurunan kas setiap periodenya dapat dialakukan dengan analisis sumber dan penggunaan Kas. Obyek penelitian dilakukan pada KUD tani Makmur Tawangmangu Kabupaten Karanganyar. Sumber kas terbesar tahun 2013 berasal dari bertambahnya kewajiban jangka panjang yaitu berupa simpanan lain-lain. Penggunaan kas terbesar tahun 2013 digunakan untuk penyimpanan dana dalam bentuk Deposito sebesar Pada periode tahun 2013  terjadi kenaikan kas  hal ini disebabkan karena pada tahun 2013 sumber kas lebih besar dari penggunaan kas .Adapun kenaikan kas tahun 2013 di koperasi berarti bahwa KUD Tani Makmur telah melaksanakan fungsi dan tujuannya dengan sebaik-baiknya untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan pada anggota khususnya dan masyarakat pada umumnya.Kata Kunci  : Sumber Kas, Penggunaan Kas, Perubahan Kas
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN DALAM MEMEDIASI RETURN ON ASSET DAN FIRM SIZE TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM (Studi Pada Perusahaan Yang Tergabung Dalam LQ45 di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2011 – 2014)
Authors: Riawan Riawan
Published: November 2017

This study was conducted to examine the influence of fundamental factors of ROA and firm size on dividend policy. And furthermore the influence of profitability, liquidity and dividend policy to return stock in companies incorporated in the LQ45 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2014. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling with criteria : (1) It is listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2011-2014. (2) It is always seem annual financial statements for the period 2011-2014. (3) It is always pay dividends. The data required in this study were drawn from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) from 2011 to 2014 consisting of 16 companies. Multiple regression analysis of the data. Hypothesis test used the t-statistic at the 5% significance level. The results showed ROA, firm size and dividend policy  have a significant effect on stock returns.  These  results  indicate  that  the  performance  of  the  fundamental factors of profitability, firm size and dividend policy on stock returns are used by investors to predict stock returns companies incorporated in the LQ45 listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2011-2014. Key Words: Stock Return, dividend policy, ROA, firm size
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAPORAN KEUANGAN TERHADAP INFORMASI ASIMETRI PADA PERUSAHAAN MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN DI BEI TAHUN 2010-2015
Authors: Pratiwiningsih Fajar
Published: November 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengkaji isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan pengukuran kualitas pelaporan keuangan perusahaan. (2) Mengkaji isu-isu yang berkaitan dengan kualitas pelaporan keuangan perusahaan dengan fokus pada kajian faktor-faktor penentu dan informasi asimetrinya secara langsung. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan manufaktur yang telah terdaftar (listed) di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Kriteria yang dijadikan dasar untuk pemilihan sampel adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Perusahaan menerbitkan laporan keuangan dengan periode pelaporan keuangan tahunan yang berakhir pada tanggal 31 Desember 2010-2015. (2) Perusahaan yang memiliki data harga penutupan saham, harga permintaan, harga penawaran, bid volume dan volume perdagangan secara lengkap. Dalam penelitian ini instrument penelitiannya adalah dokumentasi, data yang dikumpulkan diperoleh dari data-data mengenai laporan keuangan auditan perusahaan manufaktur yang terdapat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) yang dipublikasikan kepada publik melalui massa dalam hal ini dalam Indonesia Stock exchange web www.idx.ci.id. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelaporan keuangan (relevansi nilai, ketepatwaktuan, dan konservatisme) terhadap informasi asimetri pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2010-2015. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa: atribut-atribut kualitas pelaporan keuangan (relevansi nilai, ketepatwaktuan, dan konservatisme) merupakan representasi kualitas pelaporan keuangan, dan berbeda satu dengan lainnya. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dari hasil nilai regresi auxiliary R² yang tertinggi ketepatwaktuan sebesar 0,343; relevansi nilai sebesar 0,278 dan koservatif sebesar 0,187. Dari hasil yang menunjukkan tidak ada kesamaan. Ketiga atribut kualitas pelaporan keuangan dapat membentuk 1 faktor dimana variabel baru yang terbentuk didukung oleh keseluruhan atribut kualitas pelaporan keuangan. Hasil tersebut ditunjukkan perhitungan menggunakan uji F = 7,525 > Ftabel = 3,20 dengan signifikansi -0,027 < 0,05. Hipotesis tersebut terbukti dengan hasil sig. sebesar -0.027 yang artinya, kualitas pelaporan keuangan berpengaruh negatif secara signifikan terhadap informasi asimetri. Maksudnya, semakin tinggi kualitas pelaporan keuangan suatu perusahaan, maka akan semakin rendah informasi asimetri.Kata kunci :  Kualitas Pelaporan Keuangan, Informasi Asimetri
EVALUATION OF INTERNAL CONTROL FINANCING MUDHARABAH (CASE STUDY ON BPRS DANA AMANAH SURAKARTA)
Authors: Siti Nurlaela Jettie Risniawatie, Endang Masitoh W,
Published: November 2017

Financing in Islamic banks is one of the backbone of banking activities, because that's where the industry can survive and thrive. A company or institution that has run well should monitor the activities and results. Internal controls can be monitored either by means of a special assessment or aligned with business management. Internal control is required by bank management, because with a good internal control weaknesses will be able to protect people and reduce the likelihood of errors and discrepancies that might occur. This research is a field research conducted in BPRS Dana Amanah in Surakarta. This research method is descriptive qualitative research. This study aims to determine how the internal control procedures of financing and how the application of internal control of financing. The type of data collected in the form of qualitative data and consist of primary data and secondary data. Data collection methods such as interviews, observation, and documentation with qualitative data analysis. Control of BPRS Dana Amanah is reflected in the analysis of financing, Divison of duties, Dual Control, Joint / Dual Custody, Number Control and Balancing Independence. The conclusion of this study is the procedure of financing on the BPRS Trust Fund in accordance with the theory that the financing of the request until the disbursement of funds has no control by each officer. Internal control procedures of BPRS Dana Amanah for financing analysis was consistent with the theory, division of duties is not appropriate because there are geminating duties and functions. Dual control, joint / dual custody, number control, and independence balancing BPRS Dana Amanah have been applied and in accordance with the theory.Key words:  Sharia Bank, Mudharabah, Internal Control.
PENGARUH INSENTIF, KOMPETENSI, DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO
Authors: Sri Hartono Djuwarto, Istiatin,
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this research are: 1) To determine the effect of incentive, competent, and working environment simultaneously on employee performance Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Sukoharjo. 2) To determine the effect of incentive, competence, and working environment on employee performance Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Sukoharjo.Data collection method used is the method of questionnaire / questionnaire to 50 employees as respondents. Sampling technique used is random sampling method convenionce sampling. Data analysis methods used include: test instrument (validity and reliability), hypothesis testing (multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, f and the coefficient of determination (R2).Results Descriptive analysis showed that most respondents gender male (82%). All data from the questionnaires have passed the test instrument. For testing f test result that the value of F (45.186)> F table (3.15) with a probability of 0.000 (p <0.05). This means Fhitung in the region of Ho rejected, which means a significant difference between the independent variable (incentive, competence, and working environment) simultaneously on the dependent variable (employee performance). From the results of the t test result incentive have a significant positive effect on an individual basis to variable employee performance. This is evident from tcount (5.907)> t table (2.000) with a significance value <α (0.05). Variable competence are also significant positive effect on employee performance. This is because tcount (2.919)> t table (2.000) with a significance value <α (0.05). Variable working environment is also significant positive effect on employee performance. This is because tcount (4.570)> t table (2.000) with a significance value <α (0.05). The results of the analysis in this study was obtained R2 values of 0.685 (68.5%). This means that the independent variable (incentive, competence, and working environment) able to contribute 68.5% influence on the dependent variable (employee performance). While the rest of 31.5% is influenced by other variables outside of this study as a leadership, compensation, organisational culture, etc.Keywords: Incentive, competence, working environment, employee performance
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENENTUAN HARGA POKOK KAMAR HOTEL ANTARA FULL COSTING DENGAN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING SYSTEM (Studi Kasus Pada Hotel Istana Hapsari Sukoharjo)
Authors: Siti Nurlaela Arofah Nur Sholihah, Endang Masitoh W,
Published: November 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Untuk mengetahui perbandingan antara besarnya harga pokok kamar hotel dengan metode full costingdi Hotel Istana Hapsari  dengan perhitungan harga pokok sewa kamar menggunakan metode Activity Based Costing System (ABC System) dan (2) Untuk memperoleh informasi yang akurat dari proses pendekatan Activity Based Costing dalam menghasilkan perhitungan harga pokok kamar hotel pada Hotel Istana Hapsari. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah orang yang diberi wewenang oleh pemilik hotel Istana Hapsari untuk memberikan informasi. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan full costing dan Activity Based Costing System (ABC System). Kesimpulan yang dapat diberikan sabagai berikut: Hasil perhitungan di hotel Istana Hapsari dengan metode ABC pada kamar Standard, Superrior, Deluxe, danSuite memberikan hasil perhitungan yang lebih kecil daripada harga pokok kamar yang telah ditentukan oleh pihak manajemen hotel. Ada satu hasil perhitungan ABC menunjukkan lebih besar yaitu pada kamar standardplus dengan selisih Rp 88.271,81 lebih besar harga pokok pada perusahaan atau perhitungan dengan full costing.  Adapun hasil ABC lebih besar selisih harga untuk kamar Standard sebesar Rp 20.354,03. Kamar Superior sebesar Rp 51.914,06. Untuk kamar Deluxe sebesar Rp 26.329,34. Untuk kamar Suite sebesar Rp 39.389,19.Kata kunci :  Tarif Kamar, Full Costing dan ABC System
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR SEKTOR MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN DI BEI TAHUN 2014 - 2015
Authors: Anita Wijayanti Anita Suwandani, Suhendro,
Published: November 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk mengetahui profitabilitas dari rasio ROA berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015, 2) untuk mengetahui profitabilitas dari rasio ROE berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015, 3) untuk mengetahui profitabilitas dari rasio EPS berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015, 4) untuk mengetahui profitabilitas dari rasio NPMS berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015, 5) untuk mengetahui profitabilitas dari rasio ROA, ROE, EPS dan NPM berpengaruh secara bersama-sama dan signifikan terhadap harga saham perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015.Metode penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan analisis pengolahan data dari Indonesian Capital Market Directory tahun 2015. Pengumpulan data sekunder dengan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linier berganda, uji t, uji F, koefisien determinasi (R²).Hasil analisis regresi variabel profitabilitas dari rasio EPS  pengaruhnya positif terhadap harga saham dan pengaruh variabel ROA, ROE dan NPM  berpengaruh negatif terhadap harga saham. Pengaruh signifikan variabel ROE terhadap harga saham. Variabel ROA, EPS dan NPM berpengaruh tidak signifikan terhadap harga saham. Namun secara bersama-sama semua variabel profitabilitas dari rasio ROA, ROE, EPS dan NPM berpengaruh tidak signifikan. Besarnya harga saham perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2015 dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel profitabilitas dari rasio ROA, ROE, EPS dan NPM sebesar 5,4%.Kata kunci: Profitabilitas (ROA, ROE, EPS dan NPM) dan harga saham
PENGARUH INSENTIF, DISIPLIN KERJA, DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN BAGIAN SEWING PT. PELITA TOMANGMAS KARANGANYAR
Authors: Ida Aryati Yeri Yuliyanti, Istiatin,
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this research are: 1) To determine the effect of incentive, dicipline, and comunication simultaneously on employee performance sewing division PT.Pelita Tomangmas Karanganyar. 2) To determine the effect of incentive, dicipline, and comunication on employee performance sewing division PT.Pelita Tomangmas Karanganyar..Data collection method used is the method of questionnaire / questionnaire to 50 employees as respondents. Sampling technique used is random sampling method convenionce sampling. Data analysis methods used include: test instrument (validity and reliability), hypothesis testing (multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, f and the coefficient of determination (R2).Results Descriptive analysis showed that most respondents gender female (90%). All data from the questionnaires have passed the test instrument. For testing f test result that the value of F (46.710)> F table (2,81) with a probability of 0.000 (p <0.05). This means Fhitung in the region of Ho rejected, which means a significant difference between the independent variable (incentive, dicipline, and comunication) simultaneously on the dependent variable (employee performance). From the results of the t test result incentive have a significant positive effect on an individual basis to variable employee performance. This is evident from tcount (5.697)> t table (2.013) with a significance value <α (0.05). Variable dicipline are also significant positive effect on employee performance. This is because tcount (2.164)> t table (2.013) with a significance value <α (0.05). comication is also significant positive effect on employee performance. This is because tcount (2,551)> t table (2.013) with a significance value <α (0.05). The results of the analysis in this study was obtained R2 values of 0.753 (75.3%). This means that the independent variable (incentive, dicipline, and comunication) able to contribute 75.3% influence on the dependent variable (employee performance). While the rest of 24.7% is influenced by other variables outside of this study as a leadership, compensation, organisational culture, working environment, etc.Keywords: Incentive, dicipline, comunication, employee performance
Measuring Stability of Mode Choice Behavior
Authors: Mallig Nicolai , Vortisch Peter
Published: November 2017

Some applications of travel demand forecasting require a longitudinal perspective of multiple days. The decisive advantage of the longitudinal perspective is the ability to analyze stability or variability of travel behavior. For measurement of stability, adequate indicators are required. A set of indicators for measuring stability of mode choice behavior was developed. A set of indicators is necessary because stability of mode choice has more than one facet, namely, frequency, change, and repetition. The indicators used so far to measure stability or variability of mode choice behavior consider only one aspect of stability, the frequency of modes used. Therefore, other indicators intended to capture the other aspects of stability are proposed. Applying the proposed indicators to synthetic mode choice sequences shows that they also measure aspects of stability other than frequency. For practical reasons, the set of indicators used to measure stability should be small. Correlation analysis reveals that the frequency-based stability indicators are highly correlated; therefore, it is sufficient to include one of the frequency-based indicators in the indicator set. The resulting indicator set allows the assessment of the stability of mode choice behavior for different notions of stability. As such, it might serve as a valuable tool for the calibration and validation of multiday travel demand models.
Schedule Consistency for Daily Activity Chains in Integrated Activity-Based Dynamic Multimodal Network Assignment
Authors: Xu Xiang (Alex) , Zockaie Ali , Mahmassani Hani S. , Halat Hooram , Verbas Ömer , Hyland Michael , Vovsha Peter , Hicks James
Published: November 2017

The dynamic multimodal network assignment problem at the daily schedule level is addressed by integrating an activity-based model and a dynamic traffic assignment tool through a unified framework. The framework achieves this integration while retaining disaggregated individualized information. The problem is formulated as a fixed-point problem, and equilibrium is achieved by minimizing the gap between the expected travel time, which is used by the activity-based model to generate the travelers’ individual and household activity schedules, and their experienced travel times, simulated by the dynamic traffic assignment tool. The schedule adjustment problem for individuals and households is formulated as a linear optimization problem. Two measures—inconsistent-schedule penalty and number of households with unrealistic schedules—are defined to monitor the status of the equilibrium and convergence gap of the integrated system. To ensure convergence of the applied integration, heuristic strategies for selecting individuals for schedule adjustment and path swap are tested in a subarea network of Chicago, Illinois. Selecting individuals for schedule adjustment based on their inconsistent-schedule penalty reduces both defined measures significantly and leads to the convergence of the planned schedule and the experienced (i.e., simulated) schedule.
Mediation Effects of Income on Travel Mode Choice: Analysis of Short-Distance Trips Based on Path Analysis with Multiple Discrete Outcomes
Authors: Nguyen Hong T. A. , Chikaraishi Makoto , Fujiwara Akimasa , Zhang Junyi
Published: November 2017

Effects of income on travel behavior have been widely examined in the literature; however, a majority of existing studies focused mainly on the direct effects of income and neglected the indirect effects. This focus is especially true in the context of developing countries in which income per capita is increasing rapidly. Effects of income on travel behavior may be observed through its impacts on other life choices. Such indirect effects are called “mediation effects” in this study. To fill the foregoing research gap, this study focused on travel mode choice in the Hanoi metropolitan area of Vietnam and developed a path model with multiple discrete choices. In the path model, mediation effects of income on travel mode choice were captured by modeling residential location choice as a discrete mediator that generated nonlinear indirect effects of income on mode choice (the proposed model is called the “mediation model”). As a comparison, a joint model of residential location and travel mode choices was built with only direct effects of income on both types of choice. Based on data collected at three new urban areas in Hanoi in 2015, model estimation results confirm the existence of both direct effects and mediation effects of income on mode choice. Simulation analyses further show that as income increases, the share of motorcycles sharply decreases up to a certain level of income; however, it rises after that level.
A Microeconomic Theory–Based Latent Class Multiple Discrete–Continuous Choice Model of Time Use and Goods Consumption
Authors: Astroza Sebastian , Pinjari Abdul Rawoof , Bhat Chandra R. , Jara-Díaz Sergio R.
Published: November 2017

A microeconomic theory–based multiple discrete–continuous choice model was developed to accommodate ( a) both time allocation and goods consumption as decision variables in the utility function, ( b) both time and money budget constraints governing the activity participation and goods consumption decisions, ( c) a finite probability of zero consumption and zero time allocation (i.e., corner solutions), and ( d) technical constraints in the form of minimum consumption levels for any good that would be consumed and minimum time allocation for any activity conducted. The proposed model was applied in the form of a latent class model (to consider heterogeneity) on a Dutch data set to understand the determinants of weekly time use and goods consumption behavior.
Stated-Choice Design Factors Affecting Probability of Nontrading and Precision of Value-of-Time Estimates: Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data
Authors: Mitrani Alex
Published: November 2017

The presented approach to stated-choice design takes into account the characteristics of real data, including nontrading responses and their possible effect on value-of-time estimates. A meta-analysis of individual participant data from 51 stated-choice surveys was undertaken to develop models of how characteristics of stated-choice designs affected the proportions of nontraders and the precision of value-of-time estimates. The modeling work confirmed tension between increasing the range of boundary values of time to be tested—reducing nontrading—and reducing the intervals between adjacent boundary values of time—increasing the precision of the value-of-time estimate. An optimization model was developed to find the parameter values for a distribution of boundary values of time that would maximize the expected precision of a value-of-time estimate, given a type of distribution and subject to a series of restrictions. The lognormal distribution was found to work well, and the nonlinear optimization problem could be solved quickly with a standard spreadsheet optimization tool. The optimization model produced a recommended set of boundary values of time that could be used as the starting point for stated-choice designs. The meta-analysis models could also be used to analyze stated-choice designs produced by other means, for instance, as a complement to the use of commercial efficient design software.
Two-Level, Dynamic, Week-Long Work Episode Scheduling Model
Authors: Dianat Leila , Habib Khandker Nurul , Miller Eric J.
Published: November 2017

The two-level dynamic model presented in this paper was developed for scheduling work episodes within a 1-week planning period. The week-long time frame captures day-to-day variability in an individual’s work participation within a typical week. Two types of work episodes are modeled: those planned before the week (preplanned) and those scheduled during the week (unplanned). The first level of the model schedules preplanned work episodes, considering workers’ total time awake as their time budget. After the schedule of the preplanned episodes is known, the second level schedules unplanned work episodes. In this level the duration of preplanned episodes is subtracted from the first level’s time budget to define the individual’s time constraint. In each level of the framework, discrete-continuous econometric models are used to model jointly the decision of working on each day with the associated episode duration and start time. Results indicate that not only do work episodes have different attributes based on the time when they are added to the schedule but also there are interdependencies between preplanned and unplanned work episode scheduling. Working on previous days of the week increases the probability of scheduling work episodes on the following days; this setup is representative of the routine nature of much work activity. Workers with a fixed place of work schedule more preplanned work episodes, whereas they engage in fewer unplanned episodes. Flexible work duration increases time expenditure on preplanned episodes. Both models are estimated with computerized household activity scheduling survey data collected in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Analysis of overlapping surgery in patients undergoing microsurgical aneurysm clipping: acute and long-term outcomes from the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial
Authors: Mooney Michael A. , Brigeman Scott , Bohl Michael A. , Simon Elias D. , Sheehy John P. , Chang Steve W. , Spetzler Robert F.
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE

Overlapping surgery is a controversial subject in medicine today; however, few studies have examined the outcomes of this practice. The authors analyzed outcomes of patients with acutely ruptured saccular aneurysms who were treated with microsurgical clipping in a prospectively collected database from the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial. Acute and long-term outcomes for overlapping versus nonoverlapping cases were compared.

METHODS

During the study period, 241 patients with ruptured saccular aneurysms underwent microsurgical clipping. Patients were separated into overlapping (n = 123) and nonoverlapping (n = 118) groups based on surgical start/stop times. Outcomes at discharge and at 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 6 years after surgery were analyzed.

RESULTS

Patient variables (e.g., age, smoking status, cardiovascular history, Hunt and Hess grade, Fisher grade, and aneurysm size) were similar between the 2 groups. Aneurysm locations were similar, with the exception of the overlapping group having more posterior circulation aneurysms (18/123 [15%]) than the nonoverlapping group (8/118 [7%]) (p = 0.0495). Confirmed aneurysm obliteration at discharge was significantly higher for the overlapping group (109/119 [91.6%]) than for the nonoverlapping group (95/116 [81.9%]) (p = 0.03). Hospital length of stay, discharge location, and proportions of patients with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score > 2 at discharge and up to 6 years postoperatively were similar. The mean and median mRS, Glasgow Outcome Scale, Mini–Mental State Examination, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and Barthel Index scores at all time points were not statistically different between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with nonoverlapping surgery, overlapping surgery was not associated with worse outcomes for any variable at any time point, despite the complexity of the surgical management in this patient population. These findings should be considered during the discussion of future guidelines on the practice of overlapping surgery.
Governance von Freizeit und Erholung im Wald am Beispiel von Mountainbike-Trails
Authors: Wilkes-Allemann Jerylee , Pütz Marco
Published: November 2017

Governance of forest recreation: analysing the case of mountain bike trails

In the last years, leisure and recreation activities in forests have become more important. Sustainable forest management not only fulfils the functions of protection and use, but also promotes the welfare and recreation function of forests. For this, it is not only necessary to be aware of societal demands, but also to understand how forest planning and management decisions are taken. Such questions are analysed in governance research. In this article, we use the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework to analyse the governance structures and processes in the planning of four mountain bike trails in Swiss forests. The cases show that the following governance characteristics have been decisive for the realization of the mountain bike trails: 1) the inclusion of the local actors (e.g. forest owners, hunters, nature conservation organisations), 2) the clear lead of a specific institution in the planning process and 3) the funding of the trail.
Waves on Glacier Beds
Authors: Mazo V.L.
Published: November 2017

A joint dynamical system comprising both an eroding glacier and an eroded bed is considered to describe the formation of cirques and stepped longitudinal profiles of trough valleys. A glacier is modelled as a layer of a very viscous incompressible fluid flowing down an inclined bed. The rate of erosion is assumed to be determined by the basal shear stress. The dynamics of small longitudinal perturbations are studied. The analysis shows that the perturbations propagate up the glacier bed with velocities that are different for the perturbations of different spatial scales. As a result, a perturbation of a specific spatial scale stands out against the others and develops into the morphological forms considered here.
Dynamics of the Late Pleistocene Big Timber Glacier, Crazy Mountains, Montana, U.S.A.
Authors: Murray Donald R. , Locke William W.
Published: November 2017

The late Pleistocene Big Timber glacier of west-central Montana was used as the test case for a model which calculates the mass balance of a paleoglacier using glacial flow theory. Application of Glen’s flow law to a detailed reconstruction of the glacier provided an estimate of the component of mass flux due to internal deformation. Assuming basal slip to be zero where mass flux due to deformation was a maximum, the mass flux at the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) an ablation gradient of 3.0 ± 0.6 mm/m, and an accumulation gradient of 1.0 ± 0.2 mm/m were determined. Application of the continuity model above and below the ELA generated a second estimate of mass flux at discrete points along the glacier. The difference between deformation flux and continuity flux yields a first approximation of slip, which is highly variable along the glacier. Since the mass-balance gradients are climatically controlled, this model provides information on the paleoclimatic setting of the glacier. The low gradients indicate that, during the last glacial maximum, the east side of the central Rocky Mountains experienced a cold, dry environment much like that of modern-day glaciers in the Brooks Range of Alaska.
The Fracture Toughness of Ice in Contact with Salt Water
Authors: Sabol S.A. , Schulson E.M.
Published: November 2017

Experiments have established that the fracture toughness of fresh-water, bubbly ice is not affected by the presence of salt water.
Stacking of Basal Debris Layers Without Bulk Freezing-on: Isotopic Evidence from West Greenland
Authors: Knight Peter G.
Published: November 2017

This paper tests and falsifies the theory that the development of thick sequences of vertically stacked clean and debris-laden ice layers at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet can be attributed solely to simple freezing-on of material at the bed. Isotopic analysis in δD and δ18O of ice from the ice-sheet margin near Søndre Stramfjord indicates that the debris-rich and debris-poor elements of the basal sequence have different origins. While the debris bands display isotopic fractionation consistent with a freezing origin, the intercalated clean ice layers do not. The clean ice layers have isotopic values indistinguishable from debris-bearing ice immediately above the debris-band sequence and from unaltered glacier ice, and are entrained by a different process from the debris bands. Debris may be entrained by freezing at the bed, but the development of a vertically stacked sequence of debris bands must be attributed to some other mechanism.
The Development of Aligned Columnar Sea Ice: A Field Investigation
Authors: Stander Ed , Michel Bernard
Published: November 2017

The development of strong preferred c-axis alignments in sea ice has been a subject of debate since its initial discovery in 1959. Although numerous theories have been proposed for its development, none has been able to account for all of its field characteristics.

A detailed field investigation was carried out at Pond Inlet, N.W.T., to describe further the occurrence and structure of this ice type. Data collected over the winter of 1983–84 suggest two possible mechanisms of development. The first involves the selective growth of crystals during the formation of the initial ice skim, while the second requires the solid-state rotation of slip planes during constrained plastic deformation.
Evaluation of Avalanche-mass Determination Approaches: An Example from the Himalaya, Pakistan
Authors: De Scally F.A. , Gardner J.S.
Published: November 2017

An equation for prediction of annual avalanche mass was tested on nine avalanche paths in the Kaghan area of the Himalaya in Pakistan. The predicted masses were compared to measured avalanche-deposit masses produced during two winters (1985–86, 1986–87). The results indicate that, while the annual mass of avalanches could be predicted relatively well on the very large paths in the study area, significant over- and underestimation occurs on other paths. The average yield coefficient, or proportion of snow in the catchment which avalanches, is 0.0991 m−3. This figure varies significantly between paths but generally less between two winters on any given path. More accurate determination of annual avalanche masses in the study area requires both improved measurements of the equation parameters, as well as refinement of the empirically derived yield coefficient to reflect better the terrain and winter climatic conditions in the region.
Bending Shear: The Rate-controlling Mechanism for Calving Ice Walls
Authors: Hughes Terence , Nakagawa Masayuki
Published: November 2017

Bending shear was observed to produce nearly vertical shear bands in a calving ice wall standing on dry land on Deception Island (lat. 63.0°S., long. 60.6 W.), and slabs calved straight downward when shear rupture occurred along these shear bands (Hughes, 1989). A formula for the calving rate was developed from the Deception Island data, and we have attempted to justify generalizing this formula to include ice walls standing along beaches or in water. These are environments in which a wave-washed groove develops along the base of the ice wall or along a water line above the base. The rate of wave erosion provides an alternative mechanism for controlling the calving rate in these environments. We have determined that the rate at which bending creep produces nearly vertical shear bands, along which shear rupture occurs, controls the calving rate in all environments. Shear rupture occurs at a calving shear stress of about 1 bar. Our results justify using the calving formula to compute the calving rate of ice walls in computer models of ice-sheet dynamics. This is especially important in simulating retreat of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets during the last deglaciation, when marine and lacustrine environments were common along retreating ice margins. These margins would have been ice walls standing along beaches or in water, because floating ice shelves are not expected in the ablation zone of retreating ice sheets.
Modernism Under Review: Reyner Banham's Theory and Design in the First Machine Age (1960)
Authors: Miller Tyrus
Published: November 2017

This essay reconsiders Reyner Banham's classic study of early twentieth-century architecture and design, Theory and Design in the First Machine Age, originally published in 1960. Banham surveyed the architecture, design, and visual arts of the ‘first machine age’, characterized by industrial production and motorized transportation, from a self-consciously thematized perspective within the ‘second machine age’, populated by expendable consumer technologies and images. This revisionist perspective enabled Banham to challenge long-standing myths propagated by the dominant figures of the modern movement. In his polemical emphasis on the contingency and plurality of that which had empirically transpired in first machine age, Banham rejected the reduction of the messy history of the modern movement to the victory of a putative ‘international style’. Banham reasserted the intimate connection of architectural modernism with the avant-garde artistic movements of the 1910s and 20s, emphasizing particularly the most radical ones such as expressionism, futurism, and dadaism.
Artificial Seeds (Principle, Aspects and Applications)
Authors: Rihan Hail , Kareem Fakhriya , El-Mahrouk Mohammed , Fuller Michael
Published: November 2017

Artificial seeds are artificially encapsulated somatic embryos (usually) or other vegetative parts such as shoot buds, cell aggregates, auxiliary buds, or any other micropropagules which can be sown as a seed and converted into a plant under in vitro or in vivo conditions. An improved artificial seed production technique is considered a valuable alternate technology of propagation in many commercially important crops and a significant method for mass propagation of elite plant genotypes. The production of plant clones multiplied by tissue culture and distributed as artificial seeds could be a useful alternative to the costly F1 hybrids for different plant crops. The delivery of artificial seeds also facilitates issues such as undertaking several ways for scaling up in vitro cultures and acclimatization to ex vitro conditions. The development of an artificial seed technique also provides a great approach for the improvement of various plant species such as trees and crops.
Preparation of Robust Superhydrophobic Halloysite Clay Nanotubes via Mussel-Inspired Surface Modification
Authors: Meng Yang , Wang Mingjie , Tang Mengfei , Hong Gonghua , Gao Jianmin , Chen Yao
Published: November 2017

In this study, a novel and convenient bio-inspired modification strategy was used to create stable superhydrophobic structures on halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) surfaces. The polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles can firmly adhere on HNTs surfaces in a mail environment of pH 8.5 via the oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine and synthesize a rough nano-layer assisted with vitamin M, which provides a catechol functional platform for the secondary reaction to graft hydrophobic long-chain alkylamine for preparation of hierarchical micro/nano structures with superhydrophobic properties. The micromorphology, crystal structure, and surface chemical composition of the resultant superhydrophobic HNTs were characterized by field emission scanning electron (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-formed surfaces exhibited outstanding superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle (CA) of 156.3 ± 2.3°, while having little effect on the crystal structures of HNTs. Meanwhile, the resultant HNTs also showed robust stability that can conquer various harsh conditions including strong acidic/alkaline solutions, organic solvents, water boiling, ultrasonic cleaning, and outdoor solar radiation. In addition, the novel HNTs exhibited excellent packaged capabilities of phase change materials (PCMs) for practical application in thermal energy storage, which improved the mass fractions by 22.94% for stearic acid and showed good recyclability. These HNTs also exhibited good oil/water separation ability. Consequently, due to the superior merits of high efficiency, easy operation, and non-toxicity, this bionic surface modification approach may make HNTs have great potentials for extensive applications.
A Time-Varying Potential-Based Demand Response Method for Mitigating the Impacts of Wind Power Forecasting Errors
Authors: Ning Jia , Tang Yi , Gao Bingtuan
Published: November 2017

The uncertainty of wind power results in wind power forecasting errors (WPFE) which lead to difficulties in formulating dispatching strategies to maintain the power balance. Demand response (DR) is a promising tool to balance power by alleviating the impact of WPFE. This paper offers a control method of combining DR and automatic generation control (AGC) units to smooth the system’s imbalance, considering the real-time DR potential (DRP) and security constraints. A schematic diagram is proposed from the perspective of a dispatching center that manages smart appliances including air conditioner (AC), water heater (WH), electric vehicle (EV) loads, and AGC units to maximize the wind accommodation. The presented model schedules the AC, WH, and EV loads without compromising the consumers’ comfort preferences. Meanwhile, the ramp constraint of generators and power flow transmission constraint are considered to guarantee the safety and stability of the power system. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach, simulations are performed in an IEEE 24-node system. The results indicate that considerable benefits can be realized by coordinating the DR and AGC units to mitigate the WPFE impacts.
Ultrafast Photoalignment: Recording a Lens in a Nanosecond
Authors: Serak Svetlana , Bunning Timothy , Tabiryan Nelson
Published: November 2017

Liquid crystals can be photoaligned with a single nanosecond pulse acting on thin photoanisotropic coatings on the cell substrates. This phenomenon was demonstrated for pulses of 532 nm and 355 nm wavelengths (second and the third harmonics of a Nd:YAG laser). Direct printing of liquid crystal cycloidal diffractive waveplates and diffractive waveplate lenses characterized by high spatial frequencies required only a mJ energy. The liquid crystal alignment dynamics reveal a fast component related to photoalignment of molecules within the photoanisotropic layer and a slower component related to alignment of the liquid crystal within the cell.