bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Mathematical Learning Achievements for First-Grade Students at SDN Kebagusan 04 Pagi, South Jakarta Through Cooperative Learning Model Implementation
Authors: Okta Rosfiani  , Cecep Maman Hermawan  , Irma Saraswati  , Aqila Aqila Azizah Rahmah , Kevin Dilly Junior  , Achmad Abdur Rozaq
Published: January 2024

Mathematics is an abstract discipline that involves concepts and ideas derived from logical reasoning and practical applications in the real world. The objective of this study is to assess the academic achievements in mathematics, specifically in the area of basic flat shapes, among first-grade students at SDN Kebagusan 04 Pagi, located in South Jakarta. The study will utilize the cooperative learning method known as group investigation. The study will utilize the cooperative learning method known as group investigation, which is a specific type of cooperative learning model. This study employs a cyclical framework based on the Kemmis & McTaggart model, which comprises four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research findings indicated a rise in students' proficiency in mathematics. The mean scores of the students are as follows: pre-cycle 63.00, cycle I 66.00, and cycle II 82.00. Additionally, there was a rise in the proportion of students who attained the minimum level of completeness. Specifically, in the pre-cycle, 33.33% of students achieved this level, while in cycle I, the percentage increased to 40.00%, and in cycle II, it further rose to 80.00%. In conclusion, the implementation of the group investigation cooperative learning approach has the potential to enhance students' academic achievements and comprehension of mathematical concepts.
Tipare të ligjërimit administrativ në gjuhën shqipe
Authors: Marteta Rafaela
Published: January 2024

Artikulli i mëposhtëm ka synimin modest të vërë në dukje disa veçori të përgjithshme të ligjërimit administrativ në shqipe. Në këtë artikull merret parasysh ligjërimi administrativ në cilësinë e një varieteti gjuhësor, që karakterizon tekstet me të cilat administrata publike komunikon me rrjetet jashtë institucionit, me qytetarët, me subjekte të tjera publike brenda për brenda strukturës apo dhe me vetë personelin e administratës. Si shembull mund të sjellim: qarkoret, certifikatat, formularët e ndryshëm për vetëdeklarim, formularët për deklarimin e të ardhurave, lajmërimet për shpallje konkursi, procesverbalet e policisë e tekste të tjera të kësaj natyre, të cilat studiuesi Xh. Lloshi i ndan në grupime të tjera më të mëdha duke veçuar këto kategori: tekstet ligjore, shkresat, aktet ekonomike-tregtare, formularët (...)1.
Ritrajtim i përcaktorit kallëzuesor dhe i kallëzuesit emëror
Authors: Çepani Anila
Published: January 2024

1. Hyrje Përgjithësisht, në traditën tonë gramatikore janë pranuar si dy gjymtyrë të veçanta kallëzuesi emëror, një nga nënndarjet e kallëzuesit, dhe përcaktori kallëzuesor, një gjymtyrë e dytë me lidhje të dyanshme me kallëzuesin dhe kryefjalën ose kundrinorin. Ajo që i lidh këto gjymtyrë me njëra-tjetrën është pjesa e dytë emërore, e cila është e njëjtë në të dyja rastet. Pjesa e parë e kallëzuesit emëror është folja jam (Njeriu është qenie që kërkon siguri për të ardhmen e tij; Pasi mbaroi fjalën, sytë e tij ishin të vagëllt.), e cila shërben si këpujë për të lidhur kryefjalën me pjesën emërore të kallëzuesit, kurse në ndërtimet me përcaktorë kallëzuesorë pjesa e parë përmban disa folje, si bëj, dukem, mbaj, mbetem, caktoj, emëroj etj. (E vetmja gjë që nuk dua është t'ju dukem i mërzitshëm ndërsa më lexoni; Më ndodh ende të mbetem i magjepsur nga drita e shkëlqyeshme që banon brenda saj), të cilat nuk mund të qëndrojnë më vete, pasi nuk kanë kuptim të plotë. Pavarësisht nga prirja e shumicës së gramatikanëve për t’i parë si dy gjymtyrë më vete, çështja e këtyre gjymtyrëve është diskutuar herë pas here dhe mbetet sërish e diskutueshme në gjuhësinë tonë. Fillimisht do të shohim se si shfaqen këto gjymtyrë në disa sintaksa1 të shkruara nga autorë shqiptarë që në gramatikat e para e deri më sot. Më pas do të shqyrtojmë ndonjë mangësi të vërejtur gjatë vëzhgimit më të hollësishëm në mënyrën se si janë trajtuar e në fund do të propozojmë një riklasifikim të kallëzuesit, gjë që çon në rivështrimin e gjymtyrëve të mësipërme.
Vështrim krahasues i dy varianteve: Nata e Ustikës, 1989 dhe një natë dhe dy agime 2002, të shkrimtarit Petro Marko
Authors: Memi Fatjona
Published: January 2024

Në mungesë të një tradite të hershme të lëvrimit të romanit në Shqipëri sidomos në vitet ‘60-‘80, pati ndikim të madh romani i realizmit socialist i cili i kufizonte romanit shqiptar burimin estetik, filozofik, letrar dhe shfrytëzimin e shkollave letrare – estetike të letërsisë së shek. XX-të. Por, pavarësisht nga ajo që u botua, një pjesë ishin mbështetës të skemës dhe të tjerë shfrytëzuan përvojën europiane të romanit realist për të sjellë për lexuesin shqiptar vepra me karakter letrar dhe kundër skemave. Në Shqipëri, për letërsinë dhe gjithë fushat e tjera të dijes, problemi i censurës ishte po aq vdekjeprurës për krijimtarinë, për zhvillimin e saj, sa edhe vetë dënimi, burgosja e persekutimi i krijuesve. Viktimë e censurës ishin me dhjetëra njerëz të dijes, mes të cilëve mendojmë se një ndër më të dëmtuarit ka qenë dhe Petro Marko, vepra e të cilit është censuruar në tre forma: e plotë, e pjesshme dhe në elemente të caktuara të saj.
The Problems and Countermeasures of the Development of China's Green Tourism Industry under the Dual Carbon Background
Authors: Weng Xiaoyu , Zhou Zejiong
Published: January 2024

Under the goal of achieving "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality", green and low-carbon transformation is one of the important directions for the high-quality development of the tourism industry. A low-carbon economy can promote the green development of the tourism industry, stimulate national demand for green tourism, and force tourism enterprises to upgrade their products. The deep integration and development of low-carbon economy and tourism industry is an inevitable choice of the times. China should take green and low-carbon consumption as the breakthrough point, integrate the concept of low-carbon economic development, achieve green development of tourism industry, and innovate the path of green and low-carbon development of China's tourism industry.
The influence of return investment on enterprise financing cost
Authors: Zhang Gaohan
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the influence of return investment on the financing cost of enterprises is deeply studied, and several key factors related to it are discussed. Firstly, from the perspective of regional differences, this paper analyzes the influence of financial market characteristics, regulatory environment and tax policies in different regions on corporate financing decisions. It is found that fully considering regional differences will help enterprises to formulate financing strategies for return investment, reduce costs and improve efficiency. Secondly, by digging deep into the interaction between enterprise strategy and financing, it reveals how enterprise strategic choice shapes financing structure and its influence on financing cost. The choice of different strategies may lead to the difference of financing demand, and the synergy between the long-term stability strategy and financing cost highlights the complex relationship. Furthermore, from the perspective of global financial market, this paper discusses how enterprises can reduce costs through flexible financing by taking advantage of the opportunities of global financial market. The in-depth analysis of the factors of global financial market, such as exchange rate risk, interest rate difference and capital flow, enables enterprises to better grasp the financing opportunities on a global scale. Finally, suggestions for future research are put forward, including in-depth study of regional and industry differences, attention to the impact of emerging technologies on financing, and more interdisciplinary research methods.
Digital Transformation Motivations and Pathways for Manufacturing Enterprises: A Case Study of Lenovo Group
Authors: Guo Panxing , Zhao Xinxin
Published: January 2024

In the 2022 Government Work Report, the emphasis on "strengthening the core competitiveness of manufacturing" underscores the significance of robustly developing digital transformation in the manufacturing sector, which stands as a cornerstone of our national economy. The unexpected COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 adversely affected our country's manufacturing industry. However, some digitally mature enterprises displayed resilience and vitality, thereby stimulating traditional manufacturing companies to embark on digital transformation. This paper selects Lenovo Group as the subject of study for two reasons: firstly, Lenovo Group represents a traditional manufacturing enterprise, and secondly, Lenovo Group stands out as an exemplary enterprise in the field of digital transformation in 2023. This paper investigates the internal motivations of Lenovo Group for digital transformation, including suboptimal results in mergers and acquisitions integration and a lack of core technologies in the "trade, work, and technology" research. It also examines external motivations, such as robust support from national policies and intensified industry competition. The paper analyzes the pathway to Lenovo Group's digital transformation, encompassing data intelligence, intelligentization of the upstream and downstream supply chain, and the expansion of digital transformation consultancy services, with the aim of providing insights for other manufacturing companies undergoing digital transformation.
Spatial and Temporal Coupling Coordination and Influencing Factors of Digital Inclusive Finance and Ecological Civilization Construction in China
Authors: Zhou Chuhan
Published: January 2024

This paper uses the spatial coupled coordination model, spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial Durbin model to explore the spatio-temporal pattern and influencing factors of the coupled coordination index between ecological civilization construction (ECC) and digital finance (DF). The results show that: (1) From 2011 to 2021, the coupling coordination degree between ECC and DF in China shows an increasing trend. Besides, the degree of coupling coordination has obvious spatial diversity. The eastern provinces are generally larger than the western provinces, and this pattern is relatively stable. (2) The coupling degree between neighboring provinces and cities has a strong positive correlation, and it is growing every year recently. (3) The test results of spatial Durbin model show that the human capital, economic growth, technological innovation and trade factors can help coupling coordination to raise. cities development and industrial structure have negative effects on coupling coordination.
Enterprise Digitalization Enabling Supply Chain Development: Driving Mechanisms and Path Choices
Authors: Cui Kailing , Zhang Xuxin , Zou Jing , Huang Yi , Rui Xiqian
Published: January 2024

With the emergence and popularization of emerging digital technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, it provides a new direction of thinking for enterprises to optimize supply chain layout and empower supply chain development. Promoting the synergistic and efficient development of the supply chain is a key issue that enterprises need to explore urgently. This paper takes the enterprise supply chain development as the research object, takes the enterprise digital transformation as the starting point, and deeply analyzes the mechanism and path of enterprise digital empowerment supply chain development. This paper explores the influence path of enterprise digitalization on supply chain development from the aspects of enterprise innovation ability and financing constraints, and puts forward suggestions and countermeasures for the dilemmas faced by enterprises in digital transformation, and the results of the research have certain practical significance for supply chain management.
Stock Prediction based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Li Siqi
Published: January 2024

In this paper, using Wind database, the stock code 600276 is selected as the main research object, and the daily K data from 15 October 2018 to 14 October 2022 is selected. The variables in the article are Open Price, Close Price, High Price, Low Price, Volume, and Amount. Firstly, the data is normalized and then a BP neural network model is used for training. In the model after several training sessions, the reciprocal 20 pieces of data in the "opening price" variable are selected as the data for the prediction set to observe the training. Finally, the results of the test set of real stock price tests are introduced and the predicted results are visualized. It is concluded that when the hidden layer nodes of the neural network are fewer, the structure of the neural network is too simple, then its learning ability and classification ability will be reduced, but if the hidden layer nodes are too much, the structure of the neural network is too complex, the network is overloaded, and the efficiency will be reduced, and the ability of the promotion will be deteriorated. Therefore, neural network training should ensure the classification ability of the neural network on the one hand and the promotion ability of the neural network on the other hand.
The allotetraploid Saxifraga nathorsti and its probable progenitors S. aizoides and S. oppositifolia
Authors: Böcher Tyge W.
Published: January 2024

Saxifraga nathorsti is an endemic Greenland species geographically restricted to Northeast Greenland. Morphologically it is intermediate between Saxifraga oppositifolia with purplish petals and S. aizoides with yellow petals. A hybrid between these two species is difficult to obtain and is not known from Greenland or anywhere else.

New material from Northeast Greenland has been cultivated and studied cytologically. One strain of typical S. nathorsti corresponded to the material studied previously. It also had 52 chromosomes and showed a high degree of pairing during meiosis. It was fertile, but exhibited several meiotic irregularities. Another strain seemed morphologically more closely related to S. oppositifolia. It was sterile and had the triploid number 2n = 39. It was assumed to have two genomes from S. oppositifolia and one from S. aizoides. It appears most probable that triploids of this kind after fertilization with pollen from S. aizoides can give rise to S. nathorsti.

Anatomical studies of the structure of epithem hydathodes in S. nathorsti and its two possible ancestors, S. oppositifolia and S. aizoides, show that S. nathorsti in several important hydathode characters occupies an intermediate position between S. oppositifolia and S. aizoides. Thus, all available facts support the theory of the origin and stabilization of S. nathorsti as an allotetraploid species.
The avifauna of central Northeast Greenland, 73°15'N- 74°05'N, based on a visit to Myggbukta, May- July 1979
Authors: Elander Magnus , Blomqvist Sven
Published: January 2024

The high arctic avifauna of central Northeast Greenland between 73°15'N. and 74°05'N. is reviewed and various ecological and faunistic aspects are considered. The recent field data were collected during a stay at Myggbukta (73°29'N., 21°34'W.), from May to July 1979. A few records from 1982 (Elander & Ericson unpubl.) are included.

The coastal plain near Myggbukta harbour a comparatively dense population of birds, in particular some species of ducks, waders and skuas. The nesting habitat selection of eight species in the census area is plotted on vegetation type maps.

In 1979, 38 species were recorded in the study area. Eleven species were found breeding, and five species were most probably breeders in or close to the census area. Seven species new to the area were recorded in 1979, including the Wood Sandpiper (Tringa glareola, new to Greenland). In 1982, another two species new to the area were recorded. The total number of species in the study area now amounts to 56.

Selected meteorological data from Myggbukta between 1932 and 1958 are compared with the weather situation in 1979. It is concluded that the disappearance of snow and ice may affect the timing of arrival for certain lake dependent species.

Two topics were studied in more detail in 1979: (1) Food supply and pre-nesting behaviour among King Eider (Somateria spectabilis) and Long-tailed Duck (Clangula hyemalis), and (2) Mating systems, food resources and foraging behaviour among waders, with special attention to the genus Phalaropus. The potentially available food resources for these species were sampled and analysed qualitatively, and the larvae of midges (Chironomidae; mainly Chironominae) were also analysed quantitatively. The midge larvae were found to be almost the sole prey type initially available for all lake-feeding species. On this basis spatial niche segregation among King Eider, Long-tailed Duck, Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) is discussed.
The breeding biology of the Greenland Whitefronted Goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris)
Authors: Fox A. D. , Stroud D. A.
Published: January 2024

The breeding biology of the Greenland Whitefronted Goose (Anser albifrons flavirostris) was studied during two expeditions to Eqalungmiut nunat, West Greenland (67°N) during 1979 and 1984. Nest sites were situated close to or overlooking wetlands which constituted the feeding area of the attendant ganders during incubation.

Mean date of clutch initiation in 1984 (11 June) was delayed due to the late spring thaw compared with 22 May in 1979 when spring conditions were more typical of most years. Nesting occurred significantly more often above 400 m in 1984 than in 1979 when most nesting attempts were below 200 m and the significance of this is discussed. Productivity in terms of brood size and percentage young amongst winter flocks did not differ between 1979 and 1984. Greenland Whitefronts are solitary nesting with nest densities lower than recorded for other races of Whitefront. Modal clutch size of six is typical for the species and there are no apparent differences in egg size compared with other races. During incubation, both parents show strong diurnal rhythms of alertness, feeding and roosting activity which may be correlated with the activity of the most important predator of eggs, the Arctic Fox Alopex lagopus.

Discussion of this and other studies of the Greenland Whitefront suggest that the pre-nesting feeding may reduce the impact of poor spring weather on productivity, but that the high percentage of time spent by the female incubating and the dramatic observed predation rates may explain the characteristically low productivity of the race compared to other grey geese.
Nutrient ecology, vegetation and biomass of two South-Greenlandic birch forest sites
Authors: Eurola Seppo , Laine Kari , Wiegolaski Frans Emil
Published: January 2024

Two semi-dry birch forest sites were studied in Narssarssuaq (hemiarctic, subcontinental) and in Qingua-dalen (hemiarctic, suboceanic). The height of the scrub is only 1.3-2.8 m. A heavy podsolic soil prevails with thick moss-litter-humus and iron-rich horizons. The biomass of litter and dead material is high (1595 g/m2). Deschampsia flexuosa prevails in the field layer. Twenty site types were distinguished in the vegetation transect across the Qingua-dalen. Mesic and moist types are dominant on the north exposed slope without any vertical differences which are more clear on the opposite side of the valley. The Ca content in the soil is high. particularly at Narssarssuaq (5-10 times higher than for K and Mg). The somewhat increased Na content in the humus layer at Narssarssuaq may be caused by minerals in the sea spray at this site which is relatively close to the fjord. Loss on ignition and total N in the humus layer are approx. low at both sites. probably because of considerable mixing with the mineral soil. Both the Ca and the N content in the plants are higher at Narssarssuaq than in those from Qingua-dalen. and are, generally, also higher than on oligotrophic subalpine/subarctic (northern oroboreal) birch forest sites of Fennoscandia.

The high Na content in the sea spray at Narssarssuaq is reflected in a high content of Na in the birch bark and in Cladina lichens. "Total'' sums of sugars (glucose+fructose+sucrose) in all parts of birch determined were higher in Qinguadalen than at Narssarssuaq except in older twigs and roots. Starch contents, generally show the same tendency, due to higher temperature (south exposed slope) and higher net assimilation. There were no differences in the contents of "total" carbohydrate (total sugar + starch) in other species between the two study sites.
Herd composition and behaviour of white whales (Delphinapterus leucas) in two Canadian arctic estuaries
Authors: Smith Thomas G. , Hammill Michael O. , Martin Anthony R.
Published: January 2024

White whales occupy the Nastapoka River and Cunningham Inlet estuaries in northeastern Canada each summer. They arrive at the Nastapoka in late June and at Cunningham in mid-July, where numbers build to maxima of 260 and 1750, respectively.

Distribution of whales in both estuaries is influenced mainly by the state of the mixed semi-diurnal tides and, to a certain extent, by river outflow and date. Few adult males appear to be present in the estuaries, the herd being composed mainly of females with calves and weaned juveniles. Limited evidence suggests that the basic social units of herds are matrilines consisting of adult nursing females accompanied by older female offspring.

The age structure of the herd changes seasonally with an increasing proportion of nursing pairs. Behaviour was grouped into four activity classes. These are descriptive and are not intended to imply functions, which remain somewhat obscure. Much of the nearshore behaviour appears to be related to the processes of shedding old skin and growing of new epidermis. Strong philopatry and physiological dependence of white whales on estuaries indicate that these are important habitats which must be managed and preserved in order to conserve the species.
Progesterone levels and reproductive status of white whales (De/phinapterus leucas) from the Canadian Arctic
Authors: Stewart Robert E. A.
Published: January 2024

Serum progesterone levels were compared to the presence and size of ovaries, corpora lutea and fetuses in white whales sampled at three sites in the eastern Canadian Arctic.

Generally, a progesterone level greater than 3.00 ng/ml indicated a pregnancy although there was some overlap in the range of values with mature, nonpregnant whales. This overlap may be an artifact of sample management or may indicate failed or failing pregnancies. Data are not available to test these hypothesis. Progesterone concentration was not significantly correlated with ovarian mass, corpus luteum mass or fetus mass. Ovaries of immature whales were significantly smaller than those of mature-but-notpregnant and pregnant whales.
The birds of Ydre Kitsissut (Kitsissut Avalliit), Southwest Greenland
Authors: Kampp Kaj , Falk Knud
Published: January 2024

Ydre Kitsissut (60°45-47'N, 48°25-29'W), an archipelago about 10 km off Nunarsuit in the district of Qaqortoq, is the only breeding reserve for birds in southern Greenland. However, it has only been visited by ornithologists four times: by F. Salomonsen on 3 July 1971, and by the authors for between 3 and 14 days in 1983, 1985, and 1992.

Population sizes of the most abundant species in 1992 were: Fulmarus glacialis 125 occupied sites (32% with young); Somateria mollissima about 30 nests (and 500-1000 summering birds, together with c. 100 Somateria spectabilis); Larus hyperboreus at least 100 adults with 25-30 broods of young; Larus marinus 2 pairs, one brood (but 11 pairs in 1985); Rissa tridactyla 23 pairs, no young; Uria aalge 900 birds (about 630 pairs); Uria lomvia 9000 birds (6300 pairs); Alea torda 400-500 birds; Cepphus grylle 150 pairs (very rough estimate); Fratercula arctica 200 birds.

Although numbers of Uria spp. in 1971 were reported as 61,200, there are good reasons to believe that this was a gross overestimate, and that actual numbers did not differ much from the more recent counts. Apparent population declines between 1983-85 and 1992 for Fulmarus glacialis, Larus marinus and Uria spp. may reflect a lower attendance at the colony in 1992 where the breeding success of these and most other species was low. The poor breeding performance was most likely a consequence of the cold and prolonged winter 1991/92, with persistent frost prevailing until after mid-June. In Uria spp., however, egging and associated disturbance probably was the primary cause of breeding failure; residents of nearby villages habitually take eggs on Ydre Kitsissut in spite of its status as a bird reserve.
Hydroids of Greenland and Iceland (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)
Authors: Schuchert Peter
Published: January 2024

All species of thecate and athecate hydroids (excl. Stylasteridae) from Greenland and Iceland are reviewed. The revision is based predominantly on new material collected during various expeditions, but also on types and material used by previous authors. It includes also samples from the north of Greenland (Pearyland), a locality from which no hydrozoans were known so far. These samples produced the northernmost records for hydroids (82°N): Obelia longissima, Lafoea dumosa, and Boreohydra simplex.

 The genus Clava is transferred to the Family Hydractiniidae. The name Cordylophoridae Lendenfeld, 1885 is used for the remaining species formerly held in the same family as Clava. The gonophores of Halisiphonia arctica are free medusae. Halisiphonia is therefore removed from the Lafoeidae and referred to the family Hebellidae Fraser, 1912.

New records for Greenland are: Boreohydra simplex Westblad, 1937; the polyp phase of Euphysa aurata Forbes, 1848; Eudendrium islandicum Schuchert, 2000; Acaulis primarius Stimpson, 1854; Campanulina pumila (Clark, 1875); Sertularia schmidti Kudelin, 1914; Sertularia similis Clark 1877; Thuiaria articulata (Pallas, 1766); and Thuiaria sachalini Kudelin, 1914.

New records for Iceland are: Rhizogeton nudum Broch, 1903; Rhizorhagium roseum Sars, 1874; Hydractinia allmanii Bonnevie, 1898; Coryne loveni (M. Sars, 1846); Sarsia producta (Wright, 1858); Filellum serratum (Clarke, 1879); Halecium birulai Spassky, 1929; and Symplectoscyphus bathyalis Vervoort, 1972.
Climate, river discharge and suspended sediment transport in the Zackenberg River drainage basin and Young Sound/Tyrolerfjord, Northeast Greenland, 1995−2003
Authors: Mernild Sebastian H. , Siegsgaard Charlotte , Rasch Morten , Hasholt Bent , Hansen Birger U. , Stjernholm Michael , Petersen Dorthe
Published: January 2024

Climate control on river discharge, suspended sediment transport and conductivity was investigated based on high-resolution time series (1995–2003) from a High Arctic drainage basin at Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland. Data from the Zackenberg River drainage basin (512 km2) was extrapolated to estimate the total transport from land of freshwater, sediments and organic matter to the Young Sound/Tyrolerfjord system (3,016 km2). During the investigation period, a 14-day increase in thawing period, a 50-day decrease in snow cover period, an increasing release of meltwater from exposed glacier surfaces and an increasing annual runoff were recorded. The total annual runoff from the Zackenberg River drainage basin ranges between 122 and 306 million m3 (239–598 mm yr-1), while the total annual runoff to the entire Young Sound/Tyrolerfjord system ranges between 630 and 1,570 million m3 yr-1. Suspended sediment discharges from the Zackenberg River drainage basin and the entire catchment area to Young Sound/Tyrolerfjord are 15,000–130,000 t yr-1 and 77,000–670,000 t yr-1, respectively. For organic matter yield the ranges are, respectively, 1,100–11,500 t yr-1 and 6,000–59,000 t yr-1. In 2003 the total transport of carbon was 1,180 t yr-1 and 6,000 t yr-1 and of nitrate 13 t yr-1 and 66 t yr-1, respectively, for the Zackenberg River drainage basin and the entire catchment area to Young Sound/Tyrolerfjord.
Vertical flux of particulate organic matter in a High Arctic fjord: Relative importance of terrestrial and marine sources
Authors: Rysgaard Søren , Sejr Mikael K.
Published: January 2024

Vertical flux of particulate matter was recorded using a moored sediment trap during 2002-03 in the outer region of the 90 km long NE Greenland fjord Young Sound (74°18’N, 20°18’W). Sea ice covered the fjord for c. 9 months during the deployment. At 65 m depth total flux of material was 1420 g dry weight m-2 and annual fluxes of carbonate (g m-2), chlorophyll (mg m-2), particulate organic carbon (POC, g C m-2) and nitrogen (PON, g N m-2), were, 9, 53, 17 and 1.2 respectively. A steep increase in fluxes was observed during the summer thaw when sea ice broke up and water discharge from land began. Within the two months (July and August), >90% of the total annual vertical flux occurred.

Isotopic (δ13C & δ15N) analysis of particulate organic material (POM) in the sediment trap, in phytoplankton and in the river material indicated that a maximum of c. 50% of the POM material originated from land. This is supported by the high C:N ratio (by atoms) of up to 22 found in the trapped organic material during the summer thaw as compared with 7–9 during winter and spring, when no discharge from land occurred. Seasonal measurements of the POC discharge from rivers to the outer region of the fjord corresponded to c. 40% of the vertical POC flux measured in the sediment trap, which further indicates a significant terrestrial contribution to the settling material in the outer fjord area.

Besides POC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is discharged in an equal amount to the fjord from rivers, resulting in a total organic carbon (TOC) input from land to the outer region of Young Sound of 13 g C m-2 yr-1. This corresponds to c. 40% of the net TOC input from the Greenland Sea and to the outer part of the fjord during the ice-free productive period underlining the significant terrestrial contribution to sedimentation in the outer part of the fjord.

Mean permanent accumulation rates based on the depth distributions of 210Pb, 137Cs and TOC in sediments at 60 m water depth in the outer fjord area revealed a burial of carbon within the sediment of 7.9 g C m-2 yr-1. In agreement with the sediment trap measurements, δ13C values within the sediment suggest that a substantial amount (c. 40%) of the POC in the sediment was of terrestrial origin. At the same sites, previous studies have reported an annual release of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) due to mineralization from the sediment of 12.6 g C m-2 yr-1. The sum of the annual DIC release and the burial within the sediment

represents an expected total input to the sediment of 20.5 g C m-2 yr-1and compares well with the vertical flux measurement from the sediment trap of 17.0 g C m-2 yr-1 during the present study.
Relationships among cost, citation, and access in journal publishing by an ecology and evolutionary biology department at a U.S. university
Authors: Peterson A. Townsend , Cobos Marlon E. , Sikes Ben , Soberon Jorge , Osorio-Olvera Luis , Bolick Josh , Emmett Ada
Published: January 2024

Background

Optimizing access to high-quality scientific journals has become an important priority for academic departments, including the ability to read the scientific literature and the ability to afford to publish papers in those journals. In this contribution, we assess the question of whether institutional investment in scientific journals aligns with the journals where researchers send their papers for publication, and where they serve as unpaid reviewers and editors.

Methods

We assembled a unique suite of information about the publishing habits of our Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, including summaries of 3,540 journal publications by 35 faculty members. These data include economic costs of journals to institutions and to authors, benefits to authors in terms of journal prestige and citation rates, and considerations of ease of reading access for individuals both inside and outside the university. This dataset included data on institutional costs, including subscription pricing (rarely visible to scholars), and “investment” by scholars in supporting journals, such as time spent as editors and reviewers.

Results

Our results highlighted the complex set of relationships between these factors, and showed that institutional costs often do not match well with payoffs in terms of benefits to researchers (e.g., citation rate, prestige of journal, ease of access). Overall, we advocate for greater cost-benefit transparency to help compare different journals and different journal business models; such transparency would help both researchers and their institutions in investing wisely the limited resources available to academics.
Clinico-Epidemiological Profile and Treatment Outcome of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions in the Paediatric Age Group of 0 to 18 Years: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Southern India
Authors: Varghese Smitha Ancy , Nair Sandhya Somasekharan , Gopinath Deepthy Vasantha
Published: January 2024

Introduction: The paediatric population is prone to developing cutaneous adverse drug reactions. However, the incidence of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions (SCAR) is rare in this age group, with few studies describing such reactions in detail. Aim: To describe the clinico-epidemiological factors, drug profile, laboratory parameters, and treatment outcomes of SCAR in children admitted to a tertiary care centre in South India. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out over a 10-year period, including paediatric patients (0-18 years) admitted to Dermatology, Medicine, and Paediatric wards in the tertiary care centre. Demographic details, suspected drugs, comorbidities, personal and family history of drug reactions, physical examination, laboratory parameters, treatment received along with its duration, and the state of morbidity and mortality were recorded. SPSS version 18.0 was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the demographics and clinical characteristics of the patients. Results: Among all the patients admitted with SCAR, 27 (15%) belonged to the paediatric age group. The median age was 15 years, and the female-to-male ratio was 1.25. Nineteen (70.3%) were diagnosed with Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), and eight (29.6%) were diagnosed with Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom (DRESS). There were no cases of Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP). The most common class of drugs implicated was antiepileptics (62.8%). Two patients (7%) had a family history of drug reactions. All patients had mucosal involvement. The majority of the children responded to intravenous steroids, and two required additional intravenous immunoglobulin injections for clinical improvement. All cases were cured with no mortality or long-term sequelae. Conclusion: The incidence of SCAR in the paediatric age group is significant. Anticonvulsants, particularly phenytoin, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine, need to be used with caution in this age group. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with systemic steroids can reduce mortality, morbidity, and long-term sequelae.
Culture Is Healing: Promising Practices and Impacts from an Urban Indigenous Youth-Led Health and Wellness Program
Authors: Ansloos Jeffrey , Peltier Shanna , Marchand Nona
Published: January 2024

This article explores the integration of cultural continuity in health programs for Indigenous youth, leveraging insights from Indigenous Youth Wellness Facilitators, in the Culture Is Healing program. It identifies four practices and their impacts, strengthening community and identity among Indigenous youth. The findings provide valuable recommendations for practitioners and policymakers.
Prevalence of Needle Stick Injury among Healthcare Workers in Savelugu Municipal Hospital
Authors: Alaru Mumuni , Kyiu Catherine , Yariga Faustina Yin , Osman Alhassan
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Sub-Saharan Africa is home to over 28 million HIV-positive individuals, and over 95% of HIV infections occur in poor nations there. In Ghana, there are no official mechanisms in place that allow individuals to report Needle Stick Injuries (NSIs) and receive advice specific to occupational health. Health care management does not prioritize it because of financial restrictions, and HCWs have not yet recognized it as a significant problem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of needle stick injuries among staff at Savelugu Hospital.

Methods: Savelugu Hospital health trainees provided data for a descriptive cross-sectional study design. Three hundred and thirty-three health professionals were interviewed using the closed-ended and open-ended questionnaire. A simple random sampling method was employed to select research participants. A 95% confidence level was applied to all statistical analyses, and a P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Findings: The age distribution is 34.00 with a standard deviation of 6.3. Of the 122, more over half (55.2%) were nurses, and 96.6 percent had infection prevention control (IPC) training. The majority of respondents (87.2%) reported having sustained a needle stick injury; 62.1% of those who suffered NSI did so using a hypodermic needle. According to the study, needle stick injuries were significantly correlated with age (p=0.031), sex (p=0.045), and highest educational status (p=0.004). The following are contributing factors to needle stick injuries: lack of guidelines on handling healthcare sharps (65.0%), poor housekeeping (20.7%), overuse of medical sharps (36.9%), unsafe medical sharps (36.9%), inadequate supply of barrier products (57.1%), unclear work procedure (57.1%), and unsafe practices (68.5%).

In conclusion: our study showed that among healthcare workers at Savelugu Hospital, NSIs were highly prevalent. The majority of NSIs were caused by hypodermic needles, one of the common sharps used in hospitals, and most responders had suffered an injury between one and two times in the past. Needlestick injuries were correlated with age, sex, and educational attainment.
Tillage Effects on Soil Moisture and Sulfur use Efficiency by Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) on Vertisol of North Ethiopia
Authors: Abrha Hailemariam
Published: January 2024

Sesame, produced in Humera is among the highest quality seeds grown in Ethiopia and even in the world. However, its productivity is by far less than the production potential due to nutrient depletion, moisture stress and lack of crop response to applied fertilizer. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of tillage practices and sulfur fertilizer rates on moisture conservation and agronomic sulfur use efficiency of sesame crop in 2015. The treatments were tied ridges (M1) and flatbed tillage practices combined with five rates of sulfur fertilizer at a split plot design with three replications. M1 and flatbed treatments were assigned to the main plots, while sulfur fertilizer rates were assigned to the sub-plots. Measurements of soil moisture content at 0-20 cm, 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm depth were conducted throughout the growing season at an interval of 13 days using the gravimetric method. The results showed that M1 increased the soil moisture content up to 44% compared to the flatbed. The highest amount of agronomic sulfur use efficiency 14.4 kg kg-1 was also obtained from M1 tillage at 10 kg S ha-1. On the other hand, the highest amount of agronomic sulfur use efficiencies under flatbed tillage was 9.5 kg kg-1 at 10 kg S ha-1. M1 increased agronomic sulfur use efficiency by 51.6%. Tied ridging is the best option to significantly increased soil moisture availability in the root zone and as a consequence it increased agronomic sulfur use efficiency of the sesame. Therefore, in-situ moisture conservation using tillage practices like M1 at farm level should be demonstrated at farmer’s field in the semi-arid Humera areas for improving sulfur fertilizer use efficiency.
Emergency Microscope Light Modification by External Source in Absence of Power Supply
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Microscope is an instrument for visualizing fine detail of an object so that observer can observe the object being examined in detail. The object of examination vary from cells (normal or pathologic), microorganism (such as parasite and bacterium), and even non biological part. There are several types of microscope, one of the oldest forms and still used today is the light microscope. A light microscope relied on continuous light source to operate. The most common source for today's microscopes is an incandescent tungsten-halogen bulb, which is solely electric dependent, positioned in a reflective housing that projects light through the collector lens and into the sub-stage condenser. Current situations sometimes require readiness for conducting microscopic examination anytime, anywhere. Unfortunately, problem occur if the electricity goes out, most people will not be able to continue their microscopic observations. This problem raises the question of what if in an emergency it is necessary to carry out a microscopic examination but unfortunately there is no power source. Below we propose emergency modification efforts so that the microscope can still be used even in conditions without a power source.

Aims: to modify an electric light microscope in such a way that it can continue to be used in the absence of an electrical power source using external source of light.

Discussion: Adding an external source of light is a brilliant approach in order to make the electric dependent light microscope still useable in emergency condition.

Conclusion: it is possible to modify an electric light microscope in the condition of no electric source available and make it operable.
Acute Oral Toxicity and Antispasmodic Effects of Two Extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. Ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) Immature Fruits on the Isolated Rat Duodenum
Authors: Nitiéma Mathieu , Belemnaba Lazare , Kaboré Boukaré , Ouédraogo Pegdwendé Esther , Ouédraogo Windingoudi Rimwagna Christian , Noura Oumarou Maman , Bélem-Kabré Wendkouni Leila Marie Esther , Traoré Tata Kadiatou , Compaoré Souleymane , Koala Moumouni , Nébié Bruno , Ouédraogo Noufou , Ouédraogo Sylvin
Published: January 2024

Aims: Our study aimed to evaluate the chemical profile, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, the spasmolytic effects, and the safety of use of hydroethanolic extract (HE_FDM) and aqueous macerate extract (AM_FDM) of Diospyros mespiliformis immature fruits.

Place and Duration of Study: Immature fruits of Diospyros mespiliformis were collected in August 2022 in Goundi, in the Sanguié Province of Burkina Faso. The experiments were conducted in September - December 2022 at Laboratoire de Recherche-Développement de Phytomédicaments et Médicaments/IRSS/CNRST, Ouagadougou.  

Methodology: Phytochemical screening by HPTLC and determining total polyphenols and flavonoids were carried out. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and LPO methods. The inhibitory activity of 15-lipoxygenase and Phospholipase A2 was evaluated. The ex vivo antispasmodic effect of extracts was tested on isolated rat duodenum using ACh and BaCl2 as contracting agents. Finally, acute oral toxicity was carried out on female mice (NMRI).

Results: At the end of these tests, the extracts contain tannins, flavonoids, sterols, triterpenes, and saponosides. HE_FDM gave the highest levels of total phenolics (71.32±2.26 mg TAE/g and flavonoids (16.37±0.24 mg QE/g). Of the two extracts, HE_FDM gave the best antioxidant activity. However, these activities were lower than the reference substances (p<0.05). The extracts have a moderate inhibitory effect on phospholipase A2 and 15-Lipoxygenase. In addition, the most active HE_FDM caused a spasmolytic effect with Emax of 98.87±5.14% and 81.61±7.56%, respectively, during contractions induced by BaCl2 and ACh. Finally, the extracts are practically non-toxic.

Conclusion: This work provided scientific data and could justify the use of D. mespiliformis immature fruits in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
Dissemination of Integron Class 1 among XDR isolates of P. aeruginosa in Najaf City
Authors: Al-Jelehawy Alaa Hamza Jaber , Nader Baker Ghassan , Salah Khadija Thaer
Published: January 2024

Background: Integrons are gene capture systems observed in chromosomes, plasmids, and transposons, where identified and capture multiple gene cassettes. Integerons are consists of 3 elements: the initial is integrase gene (int1) encoding integrase enzyme (int1), which is essential to insertion or deletion of specific site. The second element is attI as integron-connected recombination site. The 3rd element is promoter (Pc), which is required in the expression of cassette-connected genes.                                                                                                            

Aim of the Study: This thesis designed to examine the occurrence of integron class one genes among XDR isolates of P. aeruginosa.               

Methods: An overall of 79 specimens were isolated from patients during the period of study and the specimens were carried to the laboratory. By monoplex PCR assay, the 19 XDR isolates of P. aeruginosa were investigated for the presence of integrons class one using intI1primer.                                                                 

Results: This result found that 8 isolates are isolated from burns, 7 isolates are from urine, 4 isolates are from wounds. The PCR results show that 17 (89.5%) of the isolates harbored integrase (intI1) gene, while two isolate (10.5%) was negative for intI1 gene.                           Conclusions: Present result showed elevated occurrence of integrons class one among XDR isolates of P.aeruginosa.
Finding Jingga and Other Stories: Creating Children’s Picture Books Exploring Disenfranchised Grief
Authors: Hodiono Helen , Irawan Stefanny
Published: January 2024

This paper revolves around disenfranchised grief in children. Disenfranchised grief refers to a loss that is not acknowledged, not socially accepted, and not discussed in public which makes people think that they have no right to grieve that loss. With children’s picture books as the chosen creative form and adventure as the chosen genre, this paper presents what causes children to grieve and how they process this grief. The stories depict Putra, Gwen, Daniel, Deborah, and Gabriel experiencing disenfranchised grief because their attachment to people or things they care about is broken, regardless of how trivial it is. Onward, they process grief by going through John Bowlby and Colin Murray Parkes’s four phases of grieving namely numbness, yearning and searching, disorganization, and re-organization to seize acceptance.
Politeness in Addressing and Requesting Used by the Salespersons to the Customers at UMC E-commerce
Authors: Calista Aurellia , H. Kuntjara Esther
Published: January 2024

This study examines politeness in addressing and requesting used by salespersons to customers at UMC E-commerce. This study used the first-order politeness theory by Watts (2003), supported by Indonesian (Javanese) politeness theories by Suseno (2003) and Kuntjara (2012). This qualitative study analyzed salespersons’ utterances in the conversations with their customers when delivering promotions. The findings showed that salespersons adhere to Indonesian (Javanese) politeness principles, namely respect and harmony. They employed various address terms, whether to address or as second-person pronouns, which showed politeness. In request, they showed politeness by using words or adverbs of possibility, apologies, asking for permission, and asking for help. Two possible reasons behind the use of politeness were the salespersons as the company representatives and the need to fulfill sales targets. However, for several reasons, some findings were not in accordance with Indonesian (Javanese) politeness principles. Overall, the findings indicated that politeness depends on cultural contexts.