bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Dual-Antiplatelet Therapy at the Emergency Department Is Associated with Lower In-Hospital Major Adverse Cardiac Event Risk among Patients with Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yang Jen-Han , Shih Hong-Mo , Pan Yan-Cheng , Chang Shih-Sheng , Li Chi-Yuan , Yu Shao-Hua
Published: April 2021

Background. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is a standard treatment in non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). However, the timing of initiation of DAPT in the Emergency Department (ED) is not well established. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the correlation between the different timings of DAPT initiation in ED and the outcomes in patients with NSTEMI. Method. We retrospectively collected data of patients who were diagnosed as NSTEMI in the ED of China Medical University Hospital during 2016 to 2019. All NSTEMI patients who required coronary stenting or ballooning were enrolled into the study, which means NSTEMI patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included. The time interval between ED arrival and DAPT given was recorded. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether they received DAPT within 6 hours after arrival to the ED. The primary outcomes were in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The secondary outcomes were unexpected return to the ED within 72 hours, readmission within 14 days, and revascularization procedures performed within the first 30 days. Results. 938 NSTEMI patients with PCI were enrolled. Patients who received DAPT beyond 6 hours were relatively old (65.70 ± 14.13 versus 63.16 ± 13.31,

p
=
0.014

) and had relatively more comorbidities and higher Killip scores than those who received DAPT within 6 hours. The group that received DAPT within 6 hours had lower in-hospital MACE rate (3.52% versus 8.37%,

p
=
0.009

). Multivariate logistic regression showed the group beyond 6 hours was independently associated with higher risk for in-hospital MACE rate (OR : 2.09, 95% CI 1.07–4.07,

p
=
0.030

). Conclusion. Among patients with NSTEMI, DAPT beyond 6 hours after ED arrival have higher in-hospital MACE rate than those within 6 hours.
Unloading Mechanics and Energy Characteristics of Sandstone under Different Intermediate Principal Stress Conditions
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Li Jiangteng , Ma Gang , Liu Shuangfei
Published: April 2021

The TRW‐3000 true triaxial rock testing machine was used to conduct loading and unloading tests of sandstone under different σ2, and the true triaxial lateral unloading mechanics and energy characteristics of sandstone under different σ2 were studied. The experimental results show the following: (1) compared with the results of the loading test, the peak strength of the sandstone under the unloading σ3 path is reduced, the unloading direction has obvious expansion and deformation, and the amount of expansion increases significantly with the increase of σ2; sudden brittle failure occurs at the end of unloading. E gradually decreases with the increase of H, and it performs well to use the cubic polynomial to fit the curve of E-H. (2) The Mogi–Coulomb strength criterion can accurately describe the true triaxial strength characteristics of sandstone under loading and unloading conditions. Compared with the results of the loading test, the values of c and φ obtained based on this criterion under the unloading σ3 path are reduced. (3) Under the condition of unloading σ3, U, Ue, and Ud, when the specimen is broken, are all linearly positively correlated with σ2. Ud increases nonlinearly with the increase of H, and as σ2 increases, the slope of the Ud -H curve becomes larger, and the specimen consumes more energy under the same unloading amount. Most of the energy absorbed by the specimen under the unloading σ3 path is converted into Ue, but as σ2 increases, Ud /U increases, and the energy consumed when the specimen is broken is greater.
Comparative Study of Chikungunya Only and Chikungunya-Scrub Typhus Coinfection in Children: Findings from a Hospital-Based Observational Study from Central Nepal
Authors: Pathak Santosh , Chaudhary Nagendra , Dhakal Prativa , Yadav Sanjay Ray , Gupta Binod Kumar , Kurmi Om Prakash
Published: April 2021

Objectives. Chikungunya and scrub typhus infection are important causes of undifferentiated fever in tropical zones. The clinical manifestations in both conditions are nonspecific and often overlap. This study compares the clinical manifestations and the outcome of chikungunya with chikungunya-scrub typhus coinfection in children. Methods. A hospital-based observational study was conducted in children below 15 years of age over 16-month duration in 2017-2018. Chikungunya was diagnosed by IgM ELISA. All positive chikungunya cases were subjected to scrub typhus testing, dengue testing, leptospira testing, and malaria testing. Clinical manifestations and outcomes of all patients were recorded. Results. Out of the 382 admitted cases with fever, 11% (

n
=
42

) were diagnosed with chikungunya, and the majority (

n
=
30

, 71.4%) were male. Among the 42 chikungunya cases, 17 (40.5%) tested positive for scrub typhus and one positive for falciparum malaria. Out of a total of 42 chikungunya cases, myalgia, nausea/vomiting, headache, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and edema were 81%, 73.8%, 66.7%, 64.3%, 59.5%, 52.4%, 40.5%, and 38.1%, respectively. Besides, altered sensorium (31%), jaundice (26.2%), dry cough (21.4%), shortness of breath (19%), and seizures (16.7%) were other clinical manifestations present in this group of children. Patients with chikungunya-scrub typhus coinfection reported headaches, pain in the abdomen, dry cough, shortness of breath, seizures, and splenomegaly, significantly more (

p

value < 0.05) compared to those with chikungunya only. Thirteen (31%) children developed shock, five in the chikungunya group and eight in the chikungunya-scrub typhus coinfection group. Six children in the coinfection group received inotrope. Among the chikungunya-only cases, 22 recovered and one died, whereas in the chikungunya-scrub typhus coinfection group, fourteen recovered and three died. Conclusions. Both the chikungunya and scrub typhus coinfection groups shared many similar clinical manifestations. In children, coinfection with scrub typhus often leads to modification of the clinical profile, complications, and chikungunya outcome.
The Named Entity Recognition of Chinese Cybersecurity Using an Active Learning Strategy
Authors: Xie Bo , Shen Guowei , Guo Chun , Cui Yunhe
Published: April 2021

In data‐driven big data security analysis, knowledge graph‐based multisource heterogeneous threat data organization, association mining, and inference analysis attach increasinginterest in the field of cybersecurity. Although the construction of knowledge graph based on deep learning has achieved great success, the construction of a largescale, high‐quality, and domain‐specific knowledge graph needs a manual annotation of large corpora, which means it is very difficult. To tackle this problem, we present a straightforward active learning strategy for cybersecurity entity recognition utilizing deep learning technology. BERT pre‐trained model and residual dilation convolutional neural networks (RDCNN) are introduced to learn entity context features, and the conditional random field (CRF) layer is employed as a tag decoder. Then, taking advantages of the output results and distribution of cybersecurity entities, we propose an active learning strategy named TPCL that considers the uncertainty, confidence, and diversity. We evaluated TPCL on the general domain datasets and cybersecurity datasets, respectively. The experimental results show that TPCL performs better than the traditional strategies in terms of accuracy and F1. Moreover, compared with the general field, it has better performance in the cybersecurity field and is more suitable for the Chinese entity recognition task in this field.
A Genetic-Based Hybrid Algorithm Harmonic Minimization Method for Cascaded Multilevel Inverters with ANFIS Implementation
Authors: Nikouei Seyed Yahya , Dehkordi Behzad Mirzaeian , Niroomand Mehdi
Published: April 2021

Selective harmonic elimination pulse-width modulation (SHEPWM) is a widely adopted method to eliminate harmonics in multilevel inverters, yet solving harmonic amplitude equations is both time consuming and not accurate. This method is applied here for a 7-level cascaded multilevel inverter (CMLI) with erroneous DC sources. To meet the seven harmonic amplitude equations, two notches are applied with the use of higher switching frequency than nominal. These notches can be placed in six different positions in the voltage wave, and each was assessed in a separate manner. In order to solve the equations, a hybrid algorithm composed of genetic algorithm (GA) and Newton–Raphson (N-R) algorithm is applied to achieve faster convergence and maintain the accuracy of stochastic methods. At each step of the modulation index (M), different positions for the notches are compared based on the distortion factor (DF2%) benchmark, and the position with lowest DF2% is selected to train an artificial neural fuzzy interface system (ANFIS). ANFIS will receive the DC sources’ voltages together with required M and will produce one output; thus, eight ANFISs are applied to produce seven firing angles, and the remaining one is to determine which one of the notches’ positions should be used. Software simulations and experimental results confirm the validity of this proposed method. The proposed method achieves THD 8.45% when M is equal to 0.8 and is capable of effectively eliminating all harmonics up to the 19th order.
Integrated Analysis to Identify a Redox‐Related Prognostic Signature for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Yue , Wei Xian , Feng Huan , Hu Bintao , Liu Bo , Luan Yang , Ruan Yajun , Liu Xiaming , Liu Zhuo , Liu Jihong , Wang Tao
Published: April 2021

The imbalance of the redox system has been shown to be closely related to the occurrence and progression of many cancers. However, the biological function and clinical significance of redox‐related genes (RRGs) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are unclear. In our current study, we downloaded transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database of ccRCC patients and identified the differential expression of RRGs in tumor and normal kidney tissues. Then, we identified a total of 344 differentially expressed RRGs, including 234 upregulated and 110 downregulated RRGs. Fourteen prognosis‐related RRGs (ADAM8, CGN, EIF4EBP1, FOXM1, G6PC, HAMP, HTR2C, ITIH4, LTB4R, MMP3, PLG, PRKCG, SAA1, and VWF) were selected out, and a prognosis‐related signature was constructed based on these RRGs. Survival analysis showed that overall survival was lower in the high‐risk group than in the low‐risk group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the risk score signature was 0.728 at three years and 0.759 at five years in the TCGA cohort and 0.804 at three years and 0.829 at five years in the E‐MTAB‐1980 cohort, showing good predictive performance. In addition, we explored the regulatory relationships of these RRGs with upstream miRNA, their biological functions and molecular mechanisms, and their relationship with immune cell infiltration. We also established a nomogram based on these prognostic RRGs and performed internal and external validation in the TCGA and E‐MTAB‐1980 cohorts, respectively, showing an accurate prediction of ccRCC prognosis. Moreover, a stratified analysis showed a significant correlation between the prognostic signature and ccRCC progression.
Effects of Wind Disturbance on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Quadrotor MAV during Hovering
Authors: Lei Yao , Huang Yiyong , Wang Hengda
Published: April 2021

Wind disturbance could render thrust and power variation or even causing roll which is difficult to maintain a steady flight in gust especially when the horizontal or vertical wind is involved. In this paper, the horizontal wind and vertical wind are presented to study the influence of wind disturbance on aerodynamic characteristics of the quadrotor aircraft in hovering by experiments and numerical simulations. First, the simplified aerodynamic model with the wind disturbance was analyzed in detail. Also, the low‐speed wind tunnel tests were performed to obtain the thrust and power variation of the quadrotor aircraft with rotor spacing ratio s = 1.1‐1.8 in both horizontal and vertical winds of 0‐5 m/s with the rotational speed ranging from 1500 to 2300 rpm. Finally, the simulations are performed by utilizing the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS to study the flow field distribution of quadrotor with the influence of the wind disturbance. The comparison between experimental results and simulation results shows that the quadrotor achieves better aerodynamic performance with larger thrust and smaller power consumption at rotor spacing ratio s = 1.8. Additionally, the quadrotor can effectively resist the horizontal wind disturbance, which will bring larger power loading for the quadrotor, especially at 2.5 m/s. However, the vortices near blade‐tip move upwards and deform with the influence of vertical wind, resulting in the reduction of thrust and aerodynamic performance of the quadrotor.
Exploring the Relationship of Bone Turnover Markers and Bone Mineral Density in Community-Dwelling Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Wei Xu , Zhang Yili , Xiang Xinghua , Sun Menghua , Sun Kai , Han Tao , Qi Baoyu , Xie Yanming , Zhang Ranxing , Zhu Liguo
Published: April 2021

Aims. To explore the relationships of procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and β cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX) with bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Methods. All postmenopausal women were selected from a community-based case-control study. The anteroposterior L1-L4 and left proximal femur BMD were measured. P1NP and β-CTX were also collected and tested. The main correlation analysis was applied to explore the relationships of BMD, P1NP, and β-CTX. Results. The total 1055 postmenopausal women were enrolled. The BMD at all sites kept a decrease continually with age (

P
<
0.01

). In addition, the level of β-CTX increased significantly from 45 to 50 years old and remained at a high level in the later stage, while the level of P1NP changed little or even decreased with age. Logistic regression model showed that β-CTX has better ability to predict BMD than P1NP, as demonstrated by an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.63. Conclusion. P1NP and β-CTX are important markers to monitor bone metabolism. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-SOC-17013090. The date of registration is Oct. 23, 2017.
Correlation between Occupational Stress and Coronary Heart Disease in Northwestern China: A Case Study of Xinjiang
Authors: Lu Wu-Hong , Zhang Wen-Qian , Sun Fei , Gao Ya-Ting , Zhao Yun-Juan , Liu Ji-Wen , Ma Yi-Tong , Muhuyati
Published: April 2021

Objective. To study the correlation between occupational stress and coronary heart disease in western China. Method. A case‐control design was used. From June 2016 to May 2017, 310 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) confirmed by coronary angiography (CAG) at the Heart Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were recruited by cluster sampling, along with 536 healthy controls. The questionnaire was developed based on a Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). An epidemiological survey was conducted to collect clinical data. Chi‐squared test, analysis of variance, and binary logistic regression analysis were adopted. Results. (1) In the Han population, there were statistically significant differences in the composition of smoking, diets, sleep duration, sleep quality, and physical activity between two groups (all P < 0.05). In the Uygur population, statistically significant differences in the composition of smoking, drinking, diets, sleep quality, and physical activity were found between two groups (all P < 0.05). (2) Differences in sleep duration and physical activity between the Han and Uygur case groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (3) Differences in Gensini scores between the Han and Uygur case groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Differences in coronary artery lesions between the Han and Uygur case groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (4) In the Uygur population, the difference between the occupational stress level and CHD were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (5) The differences between the number of different pathological changes and the level of occupational stress in the Han and Uygur case groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In the Han and Uygur case groups, the difference between the occupational stress level and Gensini high‐level group were statistically significant (P < 0.05). (6) After adjustment for age and sex, significant increased risk effects for Han patients with CHD were found to be associated with sleep quality (OR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.047‐1.782; P < 0.05). Uygur patients with CHD was significantly associated with smoking (OR = 3.094; 95% CI: 1.025‐1.103; P < 0.05) and occupation stress (OR = 1.523; 95% CI: 1.757‐3.062; P < 0.05). Conclusion. Occupational stress is correlated with CHD for the Uygur population.
Nucleolin Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Cervical Cancer by the YB1-MDR1 Pathway
Authors: Ke Jing , Gu Chunming , Zhang Heyan , Liu Yang , Zhang Wenhao , Rao Huiling , Li Shan , Wu Fuyun
Published: April 2021

Purpose. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide and is the main cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Cisplatin (DDP) is one of the major chemotherapeutic drugs for cervical cancer patients. But, drug resistance limits the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Nucleolin (NCL) is a nucleocytoplasmic multifunctional protein involved in the development of cancer. It has been reported that NCL may be a potential target for modulation of drug resistance. However, the precise molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Materials and Methods. Human cervical cancer Hela cells and their cisplatin-resistant cell line Hela/DDP were used in this study. The protein level of NCL in cervical cancer cells was measured by western blot analysis. Hela cells and Hela/DDP cells were transfected with NCL overexpression plasmid or NCL siRNA separately. MTT and EdU assay were performed to evaluate the cell viability and sensitivity to cisplatin. The drug efflux function of MDR1 protein was assessed by intracellular rhodamine-123 accumulation assay.The promoter activity of MDR1 was assessed by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results. We found that the protein level of NCL was elevated in Hela/DDP cells. Overexpression of NCL increased cervical cancer cell proliferation and attenuated the sensitivity to cisplatin. Overexpression of NCL increased Multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene expression and drug efflux. Our results demonstrated that NCL was highly related with cisplatin resistance in cervical cancer. NCL played an important role in MDR1 gene transcription through regulation of the transcription factor YB1. Conclusion. Our findings revealed the novel role of NCL in cisplatin-resistant cervical cancer and NCL may be a potential therapeutic target for chemoresistance.
The Burden of Reoperations and Timeline of Problems in 1,530 Cases of Mesh-Related Complications
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo , Raz Shlomo
Published: April 2021

Background: Mesh-related complications resulting from pelvic organ prolapse (POP) reconstruction operations may be a devastating experience leading to multiple and complex interventions. Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the experience and time frame of management of mesh-related complications in women treated for POP or stress urinary incontinence in a tertiary center. Methods: 1,530 cases of mesh-related complications were accessed regarding their clinical presentation, number of surgeries, and timeline of surgical treatments to treat multiple clinical complaints until the ultimate operation where all the meshes were removed in a single tertiary center. Results: The studied population revealed to be a highly referred one with only 10.2% of the cases implanted at our center. Clinical presentation varied widely with 48.7% referring pain as the chief complaint, while 31.3% complained of voiding dysfunctions, 2.5% reported genital prolapses, 2.2% complained of vaginal problems, and 1.2% noted intestinal problems as the main clinical complaint. Only 4.8% of the cases presented mesh erosion at examination; 57.8% of the cases required more than 1 operation to address the mesh-related problems. Sixty-eight cases had more than 10 operations up to complete removal. Three clusters of patients could be identified: (i)–those from whom the mesh was promptly removed after clinical problems emerged, (ii) those with slowly evolving problems, and (iii) those with escalating problems despite treatment attempts. Conclusions: Mesh-related complications after pelvic floor reconstruction are an evolving disease with diverse clinical presentation. The identified time-related problems and the multiple failed attempts to treat their complications warrant attention with continuous monitoring of these patients and aggressive removal of the mesh if the clinical complaint cannot be swiftly managed.
Is Uveal Melanoma a Hormonally Sensitive Cancer? A Review of the Impact of Sex Hormones and Pregnancy on Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Miller Manisha , Schoenfield Lynn , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed , Cebulla Colleen M.
Published: April 2021

Background: Despite a higher incidence and worse prognosis of uveal melanoma (UM) in men, there have been many case reports of pregnant patients with aggressive UM. This has led researchers to explore the influence of sex hormones and pregnancy on the development and progression of UM and hormones as potential therapeutic targets. Summary: A systematic literature review was conducted. More work is needed to elucidate the basis of sex differences in UM incidence and survival. The evaluation of germline BAP1 mutation would be beneficial in patients with UM presenting at a young age. Importantly, multiple studies reported no significant difference between the 5-year survival and 5-year metastasis-free survival rates between nonpregnant women with UM and pregnant women with UM. Multiple case-control studies disagree on how parity affects risk of UM. However, most studies agree that oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy have no effect on the incidence of UM. Current treatment strategies for pregnant patients with UM are discussed. Looking forward, this review reports recent research on targeted receptor-based chemotherapy, which is based on evidence of estrogen receptor (ER), estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor expression in UM. Key Messages: Based on review of the literature, UM is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, or pregnancy. Globe-sparing radiation can be used as a treatment option for pregnant patients. Due to the presence of ER on a subset of unselected UM, its potential for adjunctive targeted therapy with agents like tamoxifen should be explored. Lessons from cutaneous melanoma regarding tissue ratios of estrogen receptors (ERα:ERβ) should be applied to assess their therapeutic predictive value. In addition, ERRα-targeted therapeutics and LHRH analogs are worthy of further exploration in UM.
Diagnostic Utility of LEF1 Immunostain in Cytology Specimens of Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of Pancreas
Authors: Farzaneh Ted , Nowroozizadeh Behdokht , Han Min , Lee Whayoung
Published: April 2021

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm. Diagnosis of SPN requires an integrated approach with aid of radiology, biopsy, cytology, and immunohistochemical stains. Although morphological features in combination with nuclear positivity of β-catenin IHC have been the gold standard of SPN diagnosis, but overlapping morphology and immunohistochemical findings with other entities in differential diagnoses such as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma make the diagnosis of SPN difficult particularly in limited cytology specimens. Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1), a key player in the Wnt signaling pathway, has shown promising diagnostic utility in SPN in recent literatures. Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the diagnostic utility of LEF1 IHC in SPN in cytology specimens. LEF1 IHC was performed and compared with β-catenin, synaptophysin, and chromogranin immunostains in 13 SPN and 23 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) cytology cases with retrievable cell blocks. Results: LEF1 was positive in 13 of 13 (100%) SPNs and was negative in all PanNETs (0%). Conclusion: LEF1 shows 100% sensitivity and specificity in cytology specimens for SPN and can be valuable immuno­stain in the diagnosis of SPN in cytology cell blocks.
The Clinical Spectrum of PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome: Exploring the Value of Thyroid Surveillance
Authors: Baran Julia A. , Tsai Steven D. , Isaza Amber , Brodeur Garrett M. , MacFarland Suzanne P. , Zelley Kristin , Adams Denise M. , Franco Aime T. , Bauer Andrew J.
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) comprises a collection of clinical features characterized by constitutional variants in PTEN. Several guidelines recommend thyroid screening, beginning at the pediatric age at the time of PHTS diagnosis; however, the benefits of early surveillance has not been well defined. Methods: We conducted a retrospective investigation of patients followed up at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia with a diagnosis of PHTS between January 2003 and June 2019. In total, 81 patients younger than 19 years were identified. Results: The most common clinical feature at presentation was macrocephaly (85.1%), followed by impaired development (42.0%), skin/oral lesions (30.9%), and autism spectrum disorder (27.2%). A total of 58 of 81 patients underwent thyroid surveillance, with 30 patients (51.7%) found to have a nodule(s). Ultimately, 16 patients underwent thyroidectomy, with 7.4% (6/81) diagnosed with thyroid cancer. All thyroid cancer patients were older than 10 years at diagnosis, and all displayed low-invasive behavior. Of the patients younger than 10 years at the time of thyroid ultrasound (US) surveillance, 71.4% (15/21) had a normal US. The remaining 6 patients had thyroid nodules, including 4 undergoing thyroid surgery with benign histology. Discussion/Conclusion: Patients with macrocephaly, impaired cognitive development and thyroid nodules, and/or early-onset gastrointestinal polyps should undergo constitutional testing for PHTS. There does not appear to be a clinical advantage to initiating thyroid US surveillance before 10 years of age. In PHTS patients with a normal physical examination, thyroid US surveillance can be delayed until 10 years of age.
Caracterização em multiescala de carbonatos neoproterozóicos da Pedreira GMD, Formação Lagoa do Jacaré, Grupo Bambuí, Paraopeba-MG
Authors: Freitas Alex Rodrigues de , Uhlein Alexandre , Dantas Márcio Vinícius Santana , Mendonça Thaís Keuffer
Published: April 2021

O método Caracterização Multiescalar de Reservatórios (Camures) vem se consolidando como uma importante ferramenta e que tem auxiliado na caracterização dos mais diferentes tipos de afloramentos e seções de rochas sedimentares. O objetivo deste trabalho compreende a aplicação desse método em um afloramento da Formação Lagoa do Jacaré, Grupo Bambuí, representado por uma pedreira desativada na região de Paraopeba, centro-norte de Minas Gerais. Para tanto, utilizaram-se diferentes ferramentas investigativas em macro, meso e microescalas de análise para caracterização dessa unidade nesse afloramento. A caracterização litofaciológica de detalhe na pedreira revelou cinco litofácies carbonáticas principais. Dados geofísicos de Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) e raios gama foram levantados para auxiliar no reconhecimento das principais geometrias e litologias presentes na área, bem como na correlação lateral dos perfis levantados na pedreira. A análise petrográfica microscópica mostra a ocorrência de seis fácies. A análise das litofácies e estruturas sedimentares presentes apontam para deposição sob influência de ondas de tempestade em diversos ciclos tempestíticos em plataforma carbonática rasa. Essa sequência é definida na base por brechas intraclásticas, representando momentos de alta energia, passando a momentos de menor energia que favorecem a deposição carbonática fina com estratificações hummocky e plano-paralelas, marcas onduladas associadas, até raros momentos de calmaria com deposição de sedimentos carbonáticos finos na transição antepraia-plataforma (shoreface-offshore).
Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Powell-Wiley Tiffany M. , Poirier Paul , Burke Lora E. , Després Jean-Pierre , Gordon-Larsen Penny , Lavie Carl J. , Lear Scott A. , Ndumele Chiadi E. , Neeland Ian J. , Sanders Prashanthan , St-Onge Marie-Pierre ,   On behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Epidemiology and Prevention; and Stroke Council
Published: April 2021

The global obesity epidemic is well established, with increases in obesity prevalence for most countries since the 1980s. Obesity contributes directly to incident cardiovascular risk factors, including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep disorders. Obesity also leads to the development of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular disease mortality independently of other cardiovascular risk factors. More recent data highlight abdominal obesity, as determined by waist circumference, as a cardiovascular disease risk marker that is independent of body mass index. There have also been significant advances in imaging modalities for characterizing body composition, including visceral adiposity. Studies that quantify fat depots, including ectopic fat, support excess visceral adiposity as an independent indicator of poor cardiovascular outcomes. Lifestyle modification and subsequent weight loss improve both metabolic syndrome and associated systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, clinical trials of medical weight loss have not demonstrated a reduction in coronary artery disease rates. In contrast, prospective studies comparing patients undergoing bariatric surgery with nonsurgical patients with obesity have shown reduced coronary artery disease risk with surgery. In this statement, we summarize the impact of obesity on the diagnosis, clinical management, and outcomes of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, especially sudden cardiac death and atrial fibrillation. In particular, we examine the influence of obesity on noninvasive and invasive diagnostic procedures for coronary artery disease. Moreover, we review the impact of obesity on cardiac function and outcomes related to heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction. Finally, we describe the effects of lifestyle and surgical weight loss interventions on outcomes related to coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation.
Association of Blood Pressure Classification Using the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guideline With Risk of Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kaneko Hidehiro , Yano Yuichiro , Itoh Hidetaka , Morita Kojiro , Kiriyama Hiroyuki , Kamon Tatsuya , Fujiu Katsuhito , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Node Koichi , Carey Robert M. , Lima Joao A.C. , Oparil Suzanne , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei
Published: April 2021

Background:

Heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) are growing in prevalence worldwide. Few studies have assessed to what extent stage 1 hypertension in the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association blood pressure (BP) guidelines is associated with incident HF and AF.

Methods:

Analyses were conducted with a nationwide health claims database collected in the JMDC Claims Database between 2005 and 2018 (n=2 196 437; mean age, 44.0±10.9 years; 58.4% men). No participants were taking antihypertensive medication or had a known history of cardiovascular disease. Each participant was categorized as having normal BP (systolic BP <120 mm Hg and diastolic BP <80 mm Hg; n=1 155 885), elevated BP (systolic BP 120–129 mm Hg and diastolic BP <80 mm Hg; n=337 390), stage 1 hypertension (systolic BP 130–139 mm Hg or diastolic BP 80–89 mm Hg; n=459 820), or stage 2 hypertension (systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg; n=243 342). Using Cox proportional hazards models, we identified associations between BP groups and HF/AF events. We also calculated the population attributable fractions to estimate the proportion of HF and AF events that would be preventable if participants with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension were to have normal BP.

Results:

Over a mean follow-up of 1112±854 days, 28 056 incident HF and 7774 incident AF events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, hazard ratios for HF and AF events were 1.10 (95% CI, 1.05–1.15) and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.99–1.17), respectively, for elevated BP; 1.30 (95% CI, 1.26–1.35) and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.13–1.29), respectively, for stage 1 hypertension; and 2.05 (95% CI, 1.97–2.13) and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.41–1.64), respectively, for stage 2 hypertension versus normal BP. Population attributable fractions for HF associated with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension were 6.1% (95% CI, 5.4%–6.8%) and 11.9% (95% CI, 11.5%–12.4%), respectively. The population attributable fractions for AF associated with stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension were 5.1% (95% CI, 3.4%–6.7%) and 7.5% (95% CI, 6.4%–8.6%), respectively.

Conclusions:

Both stage 1 hypertension and stage 2 hypertension were associated with a greater incidence of HF and AF in the general population. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association BP classification system may help identify adults at higher risk for HF and AF events.
Thank Goodness for the Atmosphere: Reflections on the Starry Sky and the Moral Law
Authors: Schmidt Dennis J.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this article is to take up the largely unthought challenge of Kant’s celebrated remark about how “two things”—the starry sky above and the moral law within—fill the mind with wonder the more one reflects upon them. After briefly discussing the role of the image of the stars in early Greek thought, and then taking account of what we know about the heavens today, I ask if we have yet come to understand just what our relation to the heavens means. The conclusion is that taking the image of the stars seriously and making the effort to understand what we see in that image humbles us. It brings us before a profound limit regarding our understanding of what it means to be human and what it means to live on the earth.
Frantz Fanon’s Engagement with Phenomenology: Unlocking the Temporal Architecture of Black Skin, White Masks
Authors: Bernasconi Robert
Published: April 2021

Attention to the role of phenomenology in Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks is fundamental to an appreciation of the book’s progressive structure. And it is through an appreciation of this structure that it becomes apparent that the book’s engagement with phenomenology amounts to an enrichment, not a critique, of existential phenomenology, although the latter might appear to be the case at first sight, given Fanon’s rejection of certain aspects of Jean-Paul Sartre’s “Black Orpheus.” This is demonstrated through an examination of Fanon’s references to Sartre, Günther Anders, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty in the book’s final crucial pages on temporality. His largely neglected relation to Karl Jaspers and the concept of historicity is also explored.
New synonyms of Euconnus (Tetramelus) kraussi Reitter, 1880 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
Authors: HLAVÁČ PETER , MEYBOHM HEINRICH
Published: April 2021

The subgenus Tetramelus Motschulsky, 1869 with its currently 109 palaearctic species, is the largest Palaearctic subgenus of the largest world scydmaenine genus Euconnus Thomson, 1859. The nomenclatural validity of the subgenus-name has been recently supported by a detailed morphological study (Jałoszyński 2015). Euconnus (Tetramelus) kraussi was described by Edmund Reitter (1881a), with the type locality indicated as Caucasus, Martkopi. This was the second species of the subgenus Tetramelus known to occur in the entire Caucasus region, after Euconnus (Tetramelus) reitteri Saulcy, 1878, the latter with unknown type locality. The former was treated as a junior synonym of the latter by Croissandeau (1898), and as a subspecies by Karaman (1973). A modern redescription and illustration of the aedeagus was given by Vít & Hlaváč (1998), together with a key to all species of Tetramelus known at that time from the Caucasus. Castellini (2006: 102) placed Euconnus (Tetramelus) kraussi as a junior synonym of Euconnus (Tetramelus) reitteri. This taxonomic act was based just on the similarity of aedeagi of these two taxa illustrated by Vít & Hlaváč (1998). No type material was studied. Euconnus (Tetramelus) reitteri is smaller, only 1.25-1.30 mm long, against 1.40-1.60 mm for Euconnus (Tetramelus) kraussi. To combine this with differences on the aedeagus and with the allopatric distribution, we regard these two forms as two different species. Later, two new species were described, Euconnus (Tetramelus) marinae Franz, 1979, the type locality „Kachetien nächst Shuamta“ and Euconnus (Tetramelus) nachuzrischwilii Franz, 1986, the type locality „nördlich von Anamuri in etwa 1000 m“. Both were included in the key of Vít & Hlaváč (1998). The type material of both these species was found well-preserved in the Natural History Museum in Vienna (NMW), and thanks to Dr. Harald Schillhammer it was available to the senior author for study. A detailed study of this material proved that both species were conspecific with Euconnus (Tetramelus) kraussi, and their synonymy is formally established here. We are also providing new records for this species, which is so far endemic to eastern Georgia, well delimited by the Meskheti-Likhi range. The material treated in this study is deposited in the following collections: MNHN – Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; NMW – Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria; PCAP – private collection of Andreas Pütz, Eisenhüttenstadt, Germany; PCHM – private collection of Heinrich Meybohm, Großhansdorf, Germany; PCMS – private collection of Michael Schülke, Berlin, Germany; PCPH – private collection of Peter Hlaváč, Prague, Czech Republic. The distributional map was created using Encarta software.
Changes of Kinesin Family Member 18 Pathway in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transformation and Effect of Butyrate on Migration and Invasion of Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Fang Guojiu , Wu Yibin , Zhang Xueli
Published: April 2021

Colon cancer is a common digestive system disease with an increasing incidence. Severe migration and invasion aggravates the deterioration of colon cancer patients. Previous studies have found that epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely associated with early transference
of colon carcinoma and abnormal changes occur in KIF18 signaling pathway. Butyrate protects colonic mucosa with a considerable effect on the colon. This study predicts that butyrate may reverse EMT process of colon cancer cells through KIF18 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting cell migration
and invasion. In this experiment, EMT model of colon cancer was used to investigate migration and invasion. Human colon cancer cell line SW1116 was cultured and assigned into control group (0 mmol/L butyrate), low concentration group (2 mmol/L), medium concentration group (4 mmol/L), and high
concentration group (10 mmol/L). After 72 hours, cell migration and invasion was analyzed by Transwell assays. E-cadherin, Vimentin, and KIF18 level was detected by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. After treatment, cell migration and invasion was significantly inhibited compared
to control dose-dependently. In addition, Vimentin and KIF18 mRNA level was significantly lower and E-cadherin mRNA was higher in treatment groups than control group in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Consistently, the profile of protein level of these molecules was similar to
mRNA expression profile. Electron microscope showed that after treatment with butyrate, the surface protuberances of colon cancer cells were abnormally increased, especially the vesicular protuberances, which were the microvilli of intestinal mucosal epithelium. In conclusion, KIF18 is crucial
in EMT of colon cancer cells. Butyrate may elevate E-cadherin and suppress Vimentin and KIF18 by activating KIF18 signaling, thus inhibiting invasion and migration.
Serum Amyloid A Aggravates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Injury of BEAS-2B Cells by Activating Toll-Like Receptor 2/Activator Protein-1 Signaling
Authors: Yang Shiming , Qin Yumei , Ding Li , Wang Jiangbo , Zhao Haiqing
Published: April 2021

The serum amyloid A (sAA) is a common sensitive indicator for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, and sAA levels are increased in pneumonia. However, the detailed molecular mechanism is unknown. Previous studies have demonstrated the participation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and
its downstream protein activator protein-1 (AP-1) in inflammatory lung injury. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sAA on LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells injury and uncover the possible mechanism. The human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B was exposed to sAA with or without lipopolysaccharide
(LPS) treatment, then cell viability, inflammation and apoptosis were evaluated. The effects of TLR2 knockout on sAA + LPS-treated BEAS-2B cells were also determined. Results revealed that sAA treatment reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner and the effect of 500 nM sAA
on cell viability was approximately equivalent to LPS. The levels of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and IL-6 as well as cell apoptosis and expression of proteins related
to apoptosis were significantly increased upon sAA or LPS stimulation. The expression of TLR2 and AP-1 was also elevated in cells challenged with sAA or LPS. Besides, sAA and LPS co-treatment further enhanced the actions of LPS. However, the knockdown of TLR2 obviously blunted the effects
of LPS and sAA co-treatment on cell viability, inflammation and apoptosis. Taken together, our results revealed that sAA could exert an enhanced effect on LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells injury via promoting TLR2/AP-1 expression.
On Analysis of Mass Transport to Formulate Conditions for Increasing Integration Rate of Elements Framework Current Comparator in Sensor Applications. An Approach to Optimize of Technological Process
Authors: Pankratov E. L.
Published: April 2021

Framework the paper we consider an analytical approach to analyze mass and heat transport in heterostructures during manufacturing of integrated circuits with account nonlinearity of processes. The approach gives a possibility to analyze mass and heat transport in multilayer structures
without crosslinking of solutions on interfaces between layers. The approach also gives a possibility to take into account spatial and temporal variation of parameters of considered processes. Based on this approach we analyzed manufacturing a current comparator for sensor applications to
increase density of elements.
‘What is this ISIS all about?’ Addressing violent extremism with students: Finnish educators’ perspectives
Authors: Vallinkoski Katja , Koirikivi Pia-Maria , Malkki Leena
Published: April 2021

Over the last two decades, the prevention of violent radicalisation, extremism and terrorism has become a major policy issue in Europe, and educational institutions’ central role in it has become widely acknowledged. However, what has rarely been addressed is that living in today’s media-centred world, in which terrorism receives much dramatic attention, news about violent extremist attacks reach every student and can significantly impact their emotions, beliefs, attitudes and feelings of safety. Since little attention has been given to how educators have addressed issues of violent radicalisation, extremism and terrorism with their students, this study relies on data-driven content analysis to investigate Finnish educators’ experiences regarding two issues in particular: first, what kind of themes associated with violent radicalisation, extremism and terrorism have been brought up in classroom discussions? Second, what provided the impetus for these discussions? The discussions in educational institutions dealt with the motives behind ideologically motivated violence, extreme ideologies, security concerns, immigration and ethical considerations. Recent violent attacks, curriculum content, students’ experiences and jokes requiring educators’ intervention provided the impetus for such discussions. The study findings are important for developing educational approaches to address violent radicalisation, extremism and terrorism-related issues in a pedagogically and ethically sustainable manner and to create ‘safe spaces’ for the discussions.
Influence of turning tool wear on the surface integrity and anti-fatigue behavior of Ti1023
Authors: Xun Li , Ziming Wang , Shenliang Yang , Zhiyuan Guo , Yongxin Zhou , Kangning Han
Published: April 2021

Titanium alloy Ti1023 is a typical difficult-to-cut material. Tool wear is easy to occur in machining Ti1023, which has a significant negative effect on surface integrity. Turning is one of the common methods to machine Ti1023 parts and machined surface integrity has a direct influence on the fatigue life of parts. To control surface integrity and improve anti-fatigue behavior of Ti1023 parts, it has an important significance to study the influence of tool wear on the surface integrity and fatigue life of Ti1023 in turning. Therefore, the effect of tool wear on the surface roughness, microhardness, residual stress, and plastic deformation layer of Ti1023 workpieces by turning and low-cycle fatigue tests were studied. Meanwhile, the influence mechanism of surface integrity on anti-fatigue behavior also was analyzed. The experimental results show that the change of surface roughness caused by worn tools has the most influence on anti-fatigue behavior when the tool wear VB is from 0.05 to 0.25 mm. On the other hand, the plastic deformation layer on the machined surface could properly improve the anti-fatigue behavior of specimens that were proved in the experiments. However, the higher surface roughness and significant surface defects on surface machined utilizing the worn tool with VB = 0.30 mm, which leads the anti-fatigue behavior of specimens to decrease sharply. Therefore, to ensure the anti-fatigue behavior of parts, the value of turning tool wear VB must be rigorously controlled under 0.30 mm during finishing machining of titanium alloy Ti1023.