bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Civil and criminal cooperation in the European Union Entrevista con Francisco Fonseca Morillo
Authors: Cunha Rodrigues Nuno
Published: June 2023

Entrevista con Francisco Fonseca Morillo - Exdirector de la Oficina de la Comisión Europea en España
Measurement report: MAX-DOAS measurements characterise Central London ozone pollution episodes during 2022 heatwaves
Authors: Ryan Robert G. , Marais Eloise A. , Gershenson-Smith Eleanor , Ramsay Robbie , Muller Jan-Peter , Tirpitz Jan-Lukas , Frieß Udo
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Heatwaves are a substantial health threat in the UK, exacerbated by co-occurrence of ozone pollution episodes. Here we report on the first use of retrieved vertical profiles of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) over Central London from a newly installed multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument coincident with two of three heatwaves for the hottest summer on record. We evaluate space-based sensor observations routinely used to quantify temporal changes in air pollution and precursor emissions over London. Collocated daily mean tropospheric column densities from the high-spatial-resolution space-based TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and MAX-DOAS, after accounting for differences in vertical sensitivities, are temporally consistent for NO2 and HCHO (both R = 0.71). TROPOMI NO2 is 27 %–31 % less than MAX-DOAS NO2, as expected from horizontal dilution of NO2 by TROPOMI pixels in polluted cities. TROPOMI HCHO is 20 % more than MAX-DOAS HCHO, greater than differences in past validation studies but within the range of systematic errors in the MAX-DOAS retrieval. The MAX-DOAS near-surface (0–110 m) retrievals have similar day-to-day and hourly variability to the surface sites for comparison of NO2 (R ≥ 0.7) and for MAX-DOAS HCHO versus surface site isoprene (R ≥ 0.7) that oxidises to HCHO in prompt and high yields. Daytime ozone production, diagnosed with MAX-DOAS HCHO-to-NO2 tropospheric vertical column ratios, is mostly limited by availability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), except on heatwave days. Temperature-dependent biogenic VOC emissions of isoprene increase exponentially, resulting in ozone concentrations that exceed the regulatory standard for ozone and cause non-compliance at urban background sites in Central London. Locations in Central London heavily influenced by traffic remain in compliance, but this is likely to change with stricter controls on vehicle emissions of NOx and higher likelihood of heatwave frequency, severity, and persistence due to anthropogenic climate change.
Liquid cloud optical property retrieval and associated uncertainties using multi-angular and bispectral measurements of the airborne radiometer OSIRIS
Authors: Matar Christian , Cornet Céline , Parol Frédéric , C.-Labonnote Laurent , Auriol Frédérique , Nicolas Marc
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In remote sensing applications, clouds are generally characterized by two properties: cloud optical thickness (COT) and effective radius of
water–ice particles (Reff), as well as additionally by geometric properties when specific information is available. Most of the current
operational passive remote sensing algorithms use a mono-angular bispectral method to retrieve COT and Reff. They are based on
pre-computed lookup tables while assuming a homogeneous plane-parallel cloud layer. In this work, we use the formalism of the optimal estimation
method, applied to airborne near-infrared high-resolution multi-angular measurements, to retrieve COT and Reff as well as the corresponding
uncertainties related to the measurement errors, the non-retrieved parameters, and the cloud model assumptions. The measurements used were
acquired by the airborne radiometer OSIRIS (Observing System Including PolaRization in the Solar Infrared Spectrum), developed by the Laboratoire
d'Optique Atmosphérique. It provides multi-angular measurements at a resolution of tens of meters, which is very suitable for refining our knowledge of cloud
properties and their high spatial variability. OSIRIS is based on the POLDER (POlarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances) concept
as a prototype of the future 3MI (Multi-viewing Multi-channel Multi-polarization Imager) planned to be launched on the EUMETSAT-ESA MetOp-SG platform in 2024. The approach used allows the
exploitation of all the angular information available for each pixel to overcome the radiance angular effects. More consistent cloud properties with
lower uncertainty compared to operational mono-directional retrieval methods (traditional bispectral method) are then obtained. The framework of the
optimal estimation method also provides the possibility to estimate uncertainties of different sources. Three types of errors were evaluated:
(1) errors related to measurement uncertainties, which reach 6 % and 12 % for COT and Reff, respectively, (2) errors related to an
incorrect estimation of the ancillary data that remain below 0.5 %, and (3) errors related to the simplified cloud physical model assuming
independent pixel approximation. We show that not considering the in-cloud heterogeneous vertical profiles and the 3D radiative transfer effects
leads to an average uncertainty of 5 % and 4 % for COT and 13 % and 9 % for Reff.
Design and evaluation of a thermal precipitation aerosol electrometer (TPAE)
Authors: Kang Shipeng , Yu Tongzhu , Yang Yixin , Wang Jiguang , Gui Huaqiao , Liu Jianguo , Chen Da-Ren
Published: June 2023

Abstract. A new aerosol electrometer (AE), the thermal precipitation aerosol electrometer (TPAE), was designed for use with particles of sizes less than 300 nm, and its performance was experimentally evaluated. The TPAE combines the thermal precipitator with a microcurrent measurement circuit board (i.e., pre-amplifier) for measuring the current carried by collected particles. The thermal precipitator is in the disk-to-disk configuration. Heating paste and air cooling were adopted to establish the desired temperature gradient in the precipitation chamber. At a sample flow rate of 0.3 L min−1 and a temperature gradient of 264 K cm−1, the precipitation efficiency of 70 nm particles reaches ∼100 %. The measurement range of the designed aerosol electrometer is ±5×105 fA, and the accuracy is ±2 fA (2500 to 6.25×107 cm−3 using
a flow rate of 0.3 L min−1 and assuming that only singly charged
particles exist in the sample). During the evaluation process, the
electrical performance of the TPAE was first tested using sodium chloride (NaCl) and soot particles previously classified by a differential mobility
analyzer (DMA) and compared to the reference. The precipitation performance
of the TPAE was then characterized as functions of the temperature gradient,
sampling flow rate and particle size. It was shown that the particle
collection efficiency of the built-in thermal precipitator is inversely
proportional to the sampling flow rate and proportional to the temperature
gradient. The effect of particle size on the particle collection efficiency
was minor for NaCl particles of sizes between 23 and 200 nm. Unlike that which was observed for the NaCl particles, a slightly positive correlation between the collection efficiency and the mobility size for soot particles (in the size range of 30–160 nm) was observed. This
observation might be due to the existence of soot agglomerates. Compared to existing electrometers, the TPAE does not require the use of high-efficiency filters and includes the additional feature of the “soft” collection of particles for offline particle characterization as well as aerosol current measurement.
Novel use of a Bentham UV Double Monochromator for measurements of global and direct irradiance, ozone and aerosol
Authors: Geddes Alexander , Liley Ben , McKenzie Richard , Kotkamp Michael , Querel Richard
Published: June 2023

Abstract. A novel ultraviolet spectrometer has been developed and tested over 10 years at Lauder, New Zealand. The system, UV2, makes alternating measurements of the global and direct UV irradiance and can therefore be used to measure ozone and aerosol optical depth. After an analysis of the stability of UV2, these measurements, along with UV irradiance are compared to relevant observations made by an additional UV spectrometer (UV4), a Dobson spectrophotometer (#72) and two radiometers measuring aerosol optical depth, a Prede skyradiometer and a Middleton Solar radiometer (SP02). UV2 irradiance is shown to be lower than UV4 by between 2.5–3.5 %, with a standard deviation of a similar magnitude. Total column ozone values are shown to agree with Dobson values with a mean bias of 2.57 Dobson units (DU) and standard deviation of 1.15 DU when using the direct sun measurements. Aerosol optical depth at 400–412 nm and 500 nm agrees to within 0.015 and is comparable to the difference between the reference radiometers. Further work is needed, particularly in the radiometric calibration at longer wavelengths, in order to determine if this instrument can supersede or enhance measurements made by the Dobson or the aerosol radiometers.
Accumulation rates over the past 260 years archived in Elbrus ice core, Caucasus
Authors: Mikhalenko Vladimir , Kutuzov Stanislav , Toropov Pavel , Legrand Michel , Sokratov Sergey , Chernyakov Gleb , Lavrentiev Ivan , Preunkert Susanne , Kozachek Anna , Vorobiev Mstislav , Khairedinova Aleksandra , Lipenkov Vladimir
Published: June 2023

Abstract. In this study, we present a seasonal-resolution accumulation record spanning the period from 1750 to 2009 Common Era (CE), based on a 181.8-m ice core obtained from the Elbrus Western Plateau in the Caucasus. We implemented various methods to account for uncertainties associated with glacier flow, layer thinning, and dating. Additionally, we developed a novel approach to calculate a seasonal calendar for meteorological data, enabling comparison with ice core records. The reconstructed accumulation data were compared with available meteorological data, gridded precipitation records, and paleo reanalysis data. Reconstructed accumulation is representative for a large region south of Eastern European plain and Black sea region. Summer precipitation was found to be the primary driver of precipitation variability. We identified a statistically significant but unstable in time relationship between changes in precipitation in the region and fluctuations of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index.
Chemical ozone loss and chlorine activation in the Antarctic winters 2013–2020
Authors: Roy Raina , Kumar Pankaj , Kuttippurath Jayanarayanan , Lefevre Franck
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Since its discovery in 1985, the formation of ozone holes in the Antarctic and the resulting ultra-violet (UV) radiation reaching the planet's surface has been a source of major concern. The annual formation of ozone hole in the austral springs has regional and global climate implications. Ozone depletion episodes can change precipitation, temperature, and atmospheric circulation patterns, affecting the surface climate primarily in the southern hemisphere (SH). Therefore, the study of ozone loss variability is important to assess its consequential effects on the climate and public health. Our study examines and quantifies the ozone loss and its cycle for the past 8 years in the Antarctic using satellite measurements (Microwave Limb Sounder on Aura). We observe the highest ozone loss (3.8–4.0 ppmv) in spring 2020 followed by 2016. The high chlorine activation (2.3 ppbv), stable polar vortex and extensive areas of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) (12.6 Million Km2) favored the large ozone loss in 2000. The spring of 2019 also witnessed a moderately high ozone loss, although the year was marked by a rare minor warming in mid-September. Relatively smaller ozone loss (2.4–2.5 ppmv) was present in 2017 and 2015. It was mainly due to reduced chlorine activation and relatively higher temperature in these winters. Additionally, the chlorine activation in 2015 (1.95 ppbv) was the lowest and the wave forcing from the lower latitudes was very high in 2017 (up to -60 Kms-1). The analysis shows significant interannual variability in the Antarctic ozone as for the immediate previous decade. The study helps to understand the role of the dynamics and chemistry in the inter-annual variability of ozone depletion for the years.
Drivers of Laptev Sea interannual variability in salinity and temperature
Authors: Hudson Phoebe Alice , Martin Adrien , Josey Simon , Marzocchi Alice , Angeloudis Athanasios
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Eurasian Rivers provide a quarter of total fresh water to the Arctic, maintaining a persistent fresh layer that covers the surface Arctic Ocean. The Lena River supplies the largest volume of runoff and plays a key role in this system, as runoff outflows into the Laptev Sea as a particularly shallow plume. This freshwater export controls Arctic Ocean stratification, circulation, and basin-wide sea ice area. Previous in-situ and modelling studies suggest that local wind forcing is a primary driver of variability in Laptev sea surface salinity (SSS) with no consensus over the roles of Lena river discharge and sea ice cover in contributing to this variability. Until recently, satellite SSS retrievals were insufficiently accurate for use in the Arctic, due to the low sensitivity of the L-band signal they utilise in cold water and challenges of retrieval near sea ice. However, retreating sea ice cover and continuous progress in satellite product development have significantly improved SSS retrievals, giving satellite SSS data true potential in the Arctic. This study demonstrates a novel method of using satellite-based SSS, sea surface temperature (SST) data, in-situ observations, and reanalysis products to identify the dominant drivers of interannual variability in Laptev Sea dynamics. Satellite-based SSS is found to agree well with in-situ data in this region (r > 0.8) and provides notable improvements compared to the reanalysis product used in this study (r > 0.7) in capturing patterns and variability observed in in-situ data. The satellite SSS data firmly establishes what has previously been subject to debate due to the limited years and locations analysed with in-situ data: that the zonal wind is the dominant driver of offshore or onshore Lena river plume transport. This finding is affirmed by the strong agreement in SSS pattern in all reanalyses and satellite products used in this study under eastward and westward wind regimes. The pattern of SST also varies with the zonal wind component, and drives spatial variability in sea ice area. The strong correspondence between large scale and local zonal wind dynamics and the key role of SSS and SST variability in driving sea ice and stratification dynamics demonstrates the importance of changes in large-scale atmospheric dynamics for variability in this region as well as for future Arctic sea ice dynamics and freshwater transport.
Constraints on average alpha recoil distance during 238U decay in baddeleyite (ZrO2) from atom probe tomography
Authors: Davis Donald Wayne , Denyszyn Steven , Fougerouse Denis
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Atom probe tomography of 238U and 206Pb has been applied to baddeleyite crystals from the Hart Dolerite (1791 ± 1 Ma) and the Great Dyke of Mauritania (2732 ± 2 Ma) in an effort to constrain the average nuclear recoil distance of U-series daughter nuclei and thereby correct U-Pb ages determined on small baddeleyite crystals for alpha-recoil loss of Pb. Both crystals were thought to expose natural crystal surfaces providing a boundary where maximum recoil loss could be observed, but both surfaces showed no adjacent variations in Pb concentrations. However, the Great Dyke sample shows U zoning and the associated 206Pb zoning is affected by alpha recoil. A forward modelling approach was used where 206Pb redistribution functions were determined for a range of possible alpha recoil distances and synthetic 206Pb/238U profiles were determined from the convolution of the observed U profile with the redistribution functions. These can be compared to the observed 206Pb/238U profile. A complication is that the 400 nm range of sampling is lower than the range of possible alpha recoil redistribution effects. In order to get a realistic match to the observed 206Pb/238U profile, it was necessary to extrapolate the observed zoning as an oscillatory pattern. This gives a best estimate for the average alpha recoil distance of about 40 nm.
Accounting for the effect of forest and fragmentation in probabilistic rockfall hazard
Authors: Lanfranconi Camilla , Frattini Paolo , Sala Gianluca , Dattola Giuseppe , Bertolo Davide , Sun Juanjuan , Crosta Giovanni Battista
Published: June 2023

Abstract. The presence of trees along the slope and block fragmentation at impact
strongly affect rockfall dynamics and hazard as a consequence. However,
these phenomena are rarely simulated explicitly in rockfall studies. We
performed rockfall simulations by using the 3D rockfall simulator Hy-Stone,
modeling both the presence of trees and fragmentation through specific
algorithms implemented in the code. By comparing these simulations with a
more classical approach that attempts to account implicitly for such
phenomena in the model parameters and by using a new probabilistic rockfall
hazard analysis (PRHA) method, we were able to quantify the impact of these
phenomena on the design of countermeasures and on hazard. We demonstrated that hazard changes significantly when accounting explicitly
for these phenomena and that a classical implicit approach usually
overestimates both the hazard level and the 95th percentile of kinetic
energy, leading to an oversizing of mitigation measures.
Factors influencing the meridional width of the equatorial deep jets
Authors: Bastin Swantje , Claus Martin , Greatbatch Richard J. , Brandt Peter
Published: June 2023

Abstract. Equatorial deep jets (EDJs) are vertically alternating, stacked zonal currents that flow along the Equator in all three ocean basins at intermediate depth. Their structure can be described quite well by the sum of high-baroclinic-mode equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves. However, the EDJ meridional width is larger by a factor of 1.5 than inviscid theory predicts for such waves. Here, we use a set of idealised model configurations representing the Atlantic Ocean to investigate the contributions of different processes to the enhanced EDJ width. Corroborated by the analysis of shipboard velocity sections, we show that widening of the EDJs by momentum loss due to irreversible mixing or other processes contributes more to their enhanced time mean width than averaging over meandering of the jets. Most of the widening due to meandering can be attributed to the strength of intraseasonal variability in the jets' depth range, suggesting that the jets are meridionally advected by intraseasonal waves. A slightly weaker connection to intraseasonal variability is found for the EDJ widening by momentum loss. These results enhance our understanding of the dynamics of the EDJs and, more generally, of equatorial waves in the deep ocean.
IMPLEMENTASI WATERMARKING DESAIN CITRA MENGGUNAKAN METODE MODIFIKASI END OF FILE (MEOF)
Authors: Azzura Cut Mala , Pratiwi Merina , Desyanti Desyanti
Published: June 2023

Teknologi komunikasi dan informasi sangat berkembang dengan pesat dan memberikan pengaruh besar bagi seluruh kehidupan manusia. Sebagai contoh perkembangan teknologi internet yang dapat menyajikan dan mempersatukan berbagai jenis data digital, media foto, adalah citra atau image. Pada penelitian ini menerapkan steganografi sebagai salah satu teknik untuk menyembunyikan informasi ke dalam suatu data tanpa menampakkan keberadaan informasi tersebut dan menimbulkan kecurigaan bahwa data yang disisipi dengan informasi tersebut telah berubah. Implementasi steganografi saat ini telah menggunakan media digital sebagai media penampung atau penyembunyi pesan, salah satunya media gambar (citra digital). Pada prakteknya, kebanyakan pesan disembunyikan dengan membuat perubahan tipis terhadap data digital lain yang isinya tidak akan menarik perhatian dari penyerang potensial. Misalkan dalam suatu gambar disisipkan suatu data rahasia, tetapi pada gambar tersebut tidak terlihat data rahasia secara kasat mata. Akan tetapi, jika diekstrak dengan suatu software khusus maka terlihat bahwa terdapat data rahasia dalam gambar tersebut. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu Penerapan Implementasi Watermarking Dengan Metode Modifikasi End Of File untuk menyisipkan teks watermarking Pada design citra yang mampu memberikan keamanan pesan rahasia yang rumit untuk dipecahkan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan suatu Implementasi Watermarking Dengan Metode Modifikasi End Of File untuk Menyisipkan Pesan Teks Pada Citra yang sangat mampu memberikan proteksi keamanan pesan rahasia yang rumit untuk dipecahkan serta dapat diakses online oleh siapapun dengan situs https://app-ku.xyz/Mala.
Ecos de la cruzada oriental en la Península Ibérica a través de la documentación pontificia (ss. XII-XIII)
Authors: De Ayala Martínez Carlos
Published: June 2023

Durante mucho tiempo, desde finales del siglo XI hasta las primeras décadas del XIII, la cruzada de Oriente fue tema prioritario de preocupación para el pontificado. Los papas daban cuenta de ello en numerosas encíclicas y cartas informativas al conjunto de la Cristiandad. Naturalmente estos documentos fueron también recibidos en la Península Ibérica donde existía igualmente un escenario de confrontación con el islam. Por esta razón, la información remitida a la Península fue medida y estuvo condicionada por las circunstancias que presidieron las relaciones del pontificado con los reinos ibéricos en materia tan sensible como era la de la cruzada.
El papel de la reina Isabel en la guerra de sucesión castellana (1475-1479)
Authors: Del Val Valdivieso Mª Isabel
Published: June 2023

Isabel I de Castilla de afianzó como reina titular de Castilla una vez superada la guerra civil con que se inicia su reinado. Tras su proclamación en Segovia en diciembre de 1474, en los primeros meses de 1475 tuvo que negociar con su marido Fernando de Aragón y los partidarios de este para ser aceptada como la reina titular con plenos derechos. Eso supuso un pacto entre Isabel y Fernando a través el cual el rey consorte adquiría amplios poderes en Castilla. Superado este obstáculo hubo de hacer frente a quienes defendían los derechos sucesorios de su sobrina Juana de Trastámara, apoyada por Alfonso V de Portugal. La reivindicación del trono por parte de Juana y sus partidarios codujo a una guerra civil y contra Portugal que se desarrolló entre 1475 y 1479. De acuerdo con la mentalidad de la época y el rol de género, Isabel, como mujer, no podía estar al frente del ejército, pero como reina, para demostrar la plenitud de su poder ante el reino, tenía la necesidad de mostrarse como “el rey” que defiende su reino. De esta forma la reina se presenta en asuntos de guerra tomando decisiones, dando órdenes y procurando que estas se cumplan, tal y como se observa en documentos firmados por ella sola sobre asuntos relacionados con ese conflicto. También los cronistas la presentan participando de forma activa en asuntos bélicos. En este trabajo se abordan estas cuestiones, se dejan de lado aquellas intervenciones que se consideran más propias de su condición femenina (reclutamiento, abastecimiento, oración) para poner el acento en acciones de guerra en las que participa (Toro, Burgos, Trujillo, etc.).
Nexus between Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion with the Mediating Role of Social Networks
Authors: Rasool Nosheen , Ishtiaq Javeria , Hussain Muhammad Mubashir
Published: June 2023

This study examines the relationship between Financial Literacy (FL) (financial knowledge, attitude, and skill) and Financial Inclusion (FI) using the mediating effects of Social Networks (SNs). FI ensures that people have access to financial goods and services whereas FL assures that people are aware of these products and services. The data for this particular research is collected directly from the customers of microfinance institutions (MFIs) through a structured questionnaire. The convenience sampling approach is used to get the questionnaire filled from the customers. 420 customers of MFIs are the respondents to the study. Partial Least Square (PLS) Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) data analysis technique is used to assess the relationship among the variables involved. The results reveal that FL has direct significant effects on FI except for the dimension of attitude. The finding also shows that SNs fully mediate the nexus between FL and FI. This study is limited to the customers of microfinance banks. However, prospective research may include customers of commercial banks. SNs serve as a channel for transferring financial information, hence also increasing people's FI.
Systemic Discrimination Exposing Chaos Among African Families in Their Eyes were Watching God
Authors: Sajjad Faisal , Shakoor Abdul , Haq Ihtisham ul , Malik Irum
Published: June 2023

Families of African Americans were purposefully maintained fragmented to support the culture of slavery. They overcame institutional prejudice, legal segregation, and poverty in order to maintain their loose construction. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, African American families are subjected to systematic discrimination that creates chaos and internal hatred by encouraging racial preference, affirmative action, targeted citizenship, personal bias, gender inequality, and other issues. This research sheds light on this issue. Systemic discrimination in this research refers to institutional inequity, prevailing intolerance, marginalization, and rejection of a person/character based on membership in a certain group. These concepts in the chosen novel have been examined using theoretical framework produced by Critical Race Theory. The novel's textual analysis indicates that systematic prejudice aids in the transfer of racial oppression from the individual to the institution of marriage and family life functioning in society. The study also demonstrates the negative consequences of institutionalized inequality on marriage and family structures, which destabilize communities and present African American families as weak and loosely knit.
Satisfacción de los asistentes a la fiesta tradicional huilense
Authors: Montenegro Llanos Karenth , Moreno Hernández Marisol
Published: June 2023

Todos los años una considerable cantidad de turistas colombianos y extranjeros disfrutan del ritmo alegre y jolgorio bailador en las calles de Neiva, la capital opita. Hacia finales del mes de junio y comienzos de julio, se celebra el acontecimiento más importante para los huilenses: el Festival Folclórico, Reinado Nacional del Bambuco y Muestra Internacional del Folclor. Durante su ejecución se comprende la historia, la cultura, la gastronomía, la danza, las reinas, entre otros, que hacen atractiva esta festividad y origina un gran impacto económico para el departamento. Dada la importancia de este evento, se llevó a cabo la presente investigación, que pretendió descubrir la opinión del público y los artistas, frente a los eventos desarrollados en el marco de dicho festival en sus versiones 55 y 56, que corresponden a los años 2015 y 2016 respectivamente. Se tomó como base de investigación los eventos realizados en el marco de los eventos culturales y folclóricos. La investigación arrojó no solo datos de satisfacción sino además una caracterización de los asistentes a estos certámenes.
Actualización de las tablas de retención documental de la E. S. E. Hospital Germán Vélez Gutiérrez del municipio de Betulia (Antioquia)
Authors: Salazar Montoya Luisa Fernanda , Oquendo Ángel Jorge Iván
Published: June 2023

La E. S. E. Hospital Germán Vélez Gutiérrez del municipio de Betulia (Antioquia) es una entidad descentralizada que busca alcanzar y mantener altos estándares de calidad en la prestación de servicios de salud y posicionarse como líder a nivel regional. Para mantener ese estatus y seguir creciendo, propende por un mejoramiento continuo del sistema de gestión institucional, ligado a las políticas estatales y locales, que le permita lograr su misión y visión institucional. Dentro de ese sistema de gestión se encuentran las políticas de gestión documental que enmarcan las tablas de retención documental (en adelante trd), y la forma de archivar y conservar los documentos de la institución. Hoy en día, la entidad no cuenta con unas tablas de retención documental actualizadas de acuerdo a las normas técnicas y legales vigentes, ni mucho menos ajustadas a las realidades de la empresa, lo que ha derivado demoras en la búsqueda de documentos, extravíos y pérdidas de información. Con esto en mente, nace la necesidad de actualizar las trd de la E. S. E. Hospital Germán Vélez Gutiérrez del Municipio de Betulia, acción que permitirá elevar los índices de satisfacción del cliente y de calidad. Para lograrlo se requiere adelantar un diagnóstico institucional basado en la revisión de las TRD actuales y, a través de una encuesta documental, efectuar los cambios y las correcciones pertinentes a las TRD actuales, actualizarlas de acuerdo a la normatividad archivística y, por último, socializarlas.
Acuerdo de paz en Colombia: análisis y proyección
Authors: Carrión Claudia
Published: June 2023

La sociedad colombiana se encuentra ante un momento histórico sin precedentes. Luego de cuatro arduos años de negociación, el Estado colombiano y la guerrilla de las FARC tienen listo el Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera, con el que se daría fin a una guerra de más de cincuenta años. Si bien, pasar esta página oscura de la historia del país y abrir el debate y la agenda pública para trabajar en otros problemas que impiden consolidar un proyecto de nación es algo que se anhela, las inquietudes, miedos y amenazas frente a las negociaciones y el acuerdo han sido tantas que hoy en día nos encontramos en un limbo político que ha dividido al país en tres: quienes le apuestan a la implementación de los acuerdos, quienes no confían y niegan su validez y, tal vez lo más grave, la inmensa mayoría indiferente que no asume una posición política. De esta forma, es importante analizar los puntos clave de este acuerdo, no solo en su dimensión positiva, sino además respecto al impacto que eventualmente podrían tener para entender mejor la posición de los diferentes sectores alrededor de la implementación del acuerdo final.
La Competitividad. La Paz y el Ambiente Regulatorio en Colombia
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Dustin Tahisin
Published: June 2023

El siguiente documento es uno de los capítulos del trabajo investigativo del 2012a-2013a del programa de Negocios Internacionales, regional Bogotá, CUN denominado posibles cambios estructurales para la implementación de los TLC en Colombia. El cual enfatiza la necesidad de una transformación productiva de los agentes económicos en aras de la competitividad. La metodología utilizada es de corte cualitativa donde se sintetiza por medio de matrices. La conclusión más relevante es que la construcción de una sociedad más inclusiva necesita que los actores armados por fuera de la ley, se visualicen legalmente como lo imperativo de un marco jurídico más asequible al capital privado-oficial como nacional- internacional.
¿Descolonización en el Sudeste Asiático? Una mirada a la construcción de Estado desde la experiencia de Birmania o Myanmar
Authors: Pachón Muñoz William
Published: June 2023

El artículo aborda el proceso de colonización y descolonización acaecido en el Sureste Asiático y su incidencia en la conformación del Estado. Para ello, analiza el caso de la antigua Birmania hoy Myanmar, a partir de las dimensiones: conceptuales, pasando por la evolución histórico – geográfica, jurídico-política, económica e internacionales; los cuales permiten explicar elementos constitutivos del estado birmano en la actualidad. Finalmente concluye que si bien el proceso de descolonización sucedido en el caso de sudeste asiático contribuyó a la construcción de la noción de Estados - nación pro “democrático occidental”, éste dista del ideal eurocéntrico en la medida en que allí confluyen realidades que siguen siendo ampliamente sustentadas en la tradición religiosa. Así mismo, la sostenibilidad de su sistema político interno, se sustenta en el rol que imprime la ASEAN, dentro de los procesos de integración regional e internacionalización de la economía de sus países miembros.
Una revisión teórica del concepto de diseño inclusivo aplicado en la señalética del sector turístico en la ciudad de Santa Marta
Authors: Angarita Niño Diana Paola , Rincones Jiménez María Alejandra , Zuluaga Erika Tatiana
Published: June 2023

La apropiación del diseño inclusivo en la planeación y construcción de ciuda­des más accesibles cobra cada vez más importancia, a partir de las continuas mejoras que el sector público ha formulado como parte de las políticas de go­bierno para diversos sectores. Así las cosas, nos proponemos analizar el grado de inclusión que tienen los diseños de espacios y señaléticas de los hoteles y hostales del centro histórico de Santa Marta, de manera que se generen reco­mendaciones desde el diseño, las políticas de accesibilidad y la comunicación, con el fin de formular pautas que disminuyan el índice de discriminación y se propicie un desarrollo integral. Por ello, en esta investigación se recurrió a la aplicación de entrevistas como un instrumento que permite el involucra­miento de todos los actores que tienen relación con el tema en cuestión, a fin de que aporten a la adquisición del conocimiento de manera consensuada.
Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá y tratamiento informativo de una crisis sanitaria: caso Relleno Sanitario Doña Juana
Authors: Natalia Amaya , Zamora Holman
Published: June 2023

A partir de las noticias publicadas por la Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá durante los gobiernos de Enrique Peñalosa (2012-2015) y Gustavo Petro (2016-2019), se indagó sobre el comportamiento de cada administración en relación con la crisis sanitaria que vive la población del barrio Mochuelo, causada por su cercanía al Relleno Sanitario Doña Juana. Asimismo, se realizó un ejercicio comparativo entre dos sucesos específicos de la crisis, con el fin de determi­nar la relevancia dada a las problemáticas sanitarias y sociales de la pobla­ción anteriormente mencionada. Cabe anotar que, en el centro de este marco investigativo, se entiende que el ejercicio de redacción y publicación de las noticias por parte de la Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá es similar al de un medio de comunicación público o privado.
Extended Spectrum B-Lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo B-Lactamase (MBL) Production in Gram-Negative Bacteria isolated from Urinary Tract Infection Patients.
Authors: Husna Shams  , Muhammad Suliman  , Noor Uzma , Asad Aziz  , Khanum Sabiha , Najma Naz  , Shazia Rehman
Published: June 2023

Background: The rate of infections caused by Morganella species is reported to be affected by difficulties in their isolation. Enterobacter, species, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, and Morganella morganii are the major pathogens involved in hospital acquired infections. All of them are extensively reported in the infections of urinary tract, respiratory tract, cutaneous disorders, catheter associated infections and infections of the central nervous system.Objective: To investigate the frequency of ESBL producing bacteria in Urinary Tract Infection. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 200 urine samples was collected from the outdoor patient departments of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar through consecutive sampling technique during April, 2019 to June 2019. The urine samples were collected and then cultured on selective media i.e., Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient Agar (CLED) and on MacConkey agar plates. Isolates were identified by conventional morphological and biochemical tests while antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed by “Agar disc diffusion method” using different antibiotics and their zone of inhibition was measured. Results: Total 200 samples processed, 125 (62.5%) isolates, including 67 (53.6%) females, tested positive for the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. Among the identified species, 76 (60.8%) isolates produced ESBLs, with Escherichia coli accounting for 32.6%, Enterobacter for 23.2%, and Morganella species for 12.0%. Moreover, 77 (61.6%) of the isolates were found to be MBL positive, with 30 (24.0%) of them being E. coli, 28 (22.4%) being Enterobacter, and 19 (15.2%) being Morganella spp. The isolates formed a zone of inhibition like a clover leaf and demonstrated a sensitivity of 85 (68%) to antibiotics in the carbapenem class, such as imipenem and meropenem. Cefoparazone/Sulbactam 80 (64.0%), Ofloxacin 79 (63.2%), and Amikacin 78 (62.4%) were the next three antibiotics with high sensitivity. Ampicillin 106 (84.8%) showed the highest resistance, followed by Nitrofurantoin 84 (67.2%) and Ceftriaxone 79 (63.2%), in that order. Conclusion: The study indicated that ESBL-producing bacteria were present frequently among UTI patients. Most of the isolates exhibited strong carbapenem class antibiotic sensitivity. The findings of this study may contribute to the formulation of tactics to lower the incidence of ESBL-producing UTI.Keywords: Antibiotics resistance, Gram Negative bacteria, Plasmid-mediated enzymes, UTI.
The Hearing Impaired Child- Pattern of Tympanograms in Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Adnan Yar Muhammad  , Khurshid Anwar  , Saeed Khan
Published: June 2023

Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common cause of treatable hearing loss in children. Tympanometry is an objective tool for assessment of this condition. Of the various tympanometric curves, Type B flat curve is commonly associated with OME. The study aims to determine the various curves associated with OME and find the commonest one.Objective: To determine the frequency of various types of curves obtained on tympanogram in children suffering from otitis media with effusion.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study involving 350 ears with OME was conducted in ENT Department of Medical Teaching Institution, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to select children with OME.History, Clinical examination, otoscopy, audiometry and tympanometry were used to diagnose OME. Tympanometry was performed to determine the type of curves using Jerger classification. The frequency of the various types of curves obtained was calculated.Results: The age range of the patient was 3-15 years with mean age of 8.25±3.22 years. The male: female ratio was of 1.22:1. Type B curves were the commonest inall age groups. The overall frequency for Type B curve in the study was 81.4%. Chi square test showed that Type B tympanogram significantly occurred in the lower age groups ranging from 3 to 11 years.Conclusion: Type B tympanogram is the commonest type of curve in children suffering from otitis media with effusion. It is significantly associated with OME in the younger age groups as compared to Type C & Type A. Therefore it can be used for in the diagnosis and follow-up of younger children with OME.Keywords: Audiometry, Glue, Otitis Media with Effusion, Paediatrics, Tympanometry.
Pericardial Effusion as Initial Presentation of Malignancy
Authors: Neelam Akhund
Published: June 2023

Pericardial effusion describes accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space. When it happens with malignancy, it incurs poor prognosis. Most often lung, hematological or breast carcinomas form the background. It may cause hemodynamic instability and cardiac tamponade and require prompt invasive management. This is elaborated by this article. This is a case report of 55 year old Asian man who presented with a month history of lethargy fever, sweating and worsening dyspnea. He was assessed in the Triage room and some imaging was performed. Pericardial effusion was found and emergency pericardiocentesis performed. The patient was managed through multidisciplinary approach.It is, thus, recommended to set a low threshold for diagnosis and management for pericardial effusion.Keywords: Cardiac Tamponade, Case Report, Pericardial Effusion, Pericardiocentesis.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of Effects of Physiotherapy in Rehabilitation in Post Covid-19 Patients
Authors: . Fareed , Kumari Ekta , Reddy Subba
Published: June 2023

Background: The coronavirus pandemic elucidated how a single highly infectious virus can overburden the health care system of highly developed nations. Elderly people and those with an underlying health condition are considered to be more at risk of developing severe symptoms and have a higher risk of physical deconditioning during their hospital stay & post-COVID-19.
Objective: To describe the importance and assess the effects of Physiotherapy in rehabilitation in Post Covid-19 Patients in full recovery
Method: This retrospective cohort study was determined to witness the evidence of the primary outcome of quantifying Dyspnea (through the Dyspnea grading scale), SpO2levels, and oxygen requirement of the patient. The secondary outcome included assessment and evaluation of functional activity using various scales such as the Functional mobility scale (FMS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) at the time of admission and the end of the rehabilitation program.
Results: Using the mentioned scales, data on each patient, O2 support, mobility status, and independence regarding ADLs have all improved gradually over the study period, as evidenced by the outcomes that were revealed by our statistical analysis. By the completion of the rehabilitation program, precisely 92.30% of patients were on room air, 73.33% gained no Dyspnea, 86.67% achieved full activity, 53.33% gained complete independence of ADLs,and 40.00% gained no exertion with physical activity.
Conclusion: The study revealed concrete proof of the efficacy of the physiotherapy recommendations accompanied by the significant results derived through the above variable study scores. Additional research is required, to support these preliminary findings.

Keywords: Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation, COVID-19, Respiratory support.
Unilateral Orchiectomy and Its Impact on Male Fertility: A Retrospective Study of Testicular Trauma Patients
Authors: Salem Hatroom Ali Ahmed , Hussien Saeed Abobaker Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Background: Testicular injury has been shown to occur in less than 1% of trauma.
Objective: To evaluate the fertility of patients underwent unilateral orchiectomy and live with unilateral testis.
Materials and method: In this retrospective study, 86 male trauma patients that admitted to Alsadi hospital and Hatroom Urology Center between January 2015 to December 2018 were studied. All patients underwent unilateral orchiectomy. Married patients were included in this study. Information was collected from the medical records of the patients. The following parameters were included: patient age (years), injury type (blunt vs penetrating), mechanism of injury, conceive and period of conceive after orchiectomy. SPSS program, version 22, was used to analyze the data. The data were tabulated and statistical analysis was done by estimating rates, means and standard deviations, Fisher test was used and p-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: The total study patients were 86. Their age at orchiectomy ranged between 20 – 35 and the mean age was 27 ± 4.3 years.
Blunt trauma accounted for (79.1%), while penetrating trauma accounted for (20.9%).
The causes were vehicle accident (25.6%), gunshot wounds (20.9%), pedestrian collision (18.6%), sport trauma (15.1%), work site (10.5%), and motor collision (9.3%).
Most of unilateral orchiectomy men succeeded to conceive (73.3) while (26.7%) failed to conceive (p > 0.05). After 1 year (27.9%) occurred conceive then after 2 years (23.2%) occurred conceive and after 3 years (22.2%), (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The total study patients who underwent orchiectomy were 86. Blunt trauma was predominant. The causes of the testicular trauma were vehicle accident, gunshot wounds, pedestrian collision, sport trauma, and motor collision. We found the most of unilateral orchiectomy men succeeded to conceive. Further studies are in need.

Keywords: Unilateral orchiectomy, male fertility, testicular trauma, Aden, Yemen
Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Management of Paediatric Emergencies among Mothers of Under-Five Children
Authors: V. Nair Vijayasree. , KK Ajith.
Published: June 2023

Background: A quasi experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding management of paediatric emergencies among mothers of under-five children at selected community areas, Kishtwar, Jammu and Kashmir. A total sample of 120 mothers of under-five children were selected using purposive sampling technique. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge regarding management of paediatric emergencies among mothers of under-five children before and after video assisted teaching and to find out the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge regarding management of paediatric emergencies among mothers of under-five children. The final objective was to determine the knowledge regarding management of paediatric emergencies and selected demographic variables.
Materials and Methods: A two-group pre-test post-test design was used to conduct the study. A sample comprising of 60 mothers of under-five children in experimental and 60 in control group were enrolled using non-probability purposive sampling technique. The conceptual framework of the study was based on Imogene King’s Goal Attainment Model
Results: Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed that the mean post-test knowledge score 21.6±3.3 among experiment group was significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score 12±3.5 (p<0.01). Paired t value computed at 16.47** was statistically significant at p<0.01. Change in knowledge score among the control group was not significant (p>0.05 level). The t test value (17.4**), revealed that, there is significant increase in the mean post-test knowledge score among experimental group compared to the mean post-test knowledge score among control group at 0.01 level. Significant association at 0.05 level was observed between knowledge with regard to their source of information.
Conclusion: T he findings of the study confirmed that the video assisted teaching was significantly effective in improving the knowledge regarding management of paediatric emergencies among mothers of under-five children.

Keywords: Video assisted teaching, knowledge, management of paediatric emergencies, mothers of under-five children.