bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental Phthalate Exposure in Relation to Reproductive Outcomes and Other Health Endpoints in Humans
Authors: Sameena  , Un Aziz Riyes , Bashir Aubid
Published: July 2019

Phthalates are the class of chemicals that exhibit numerous adverse effects to health. These non-persistent chemicals are produced in high volume annually and are used in a wide array of industrial consumer products. The overall exposure of phthalates to humans is via ingestion of contaminated food from wrapped materials or dermally via consumer care products. Pthalates are anti-androgenic compounds, so for this reason, they obtrude with the expression of testosterone by manipulating gene expression of proteins and enzymes involved in production of testosterone. The primarily exposure of Pthalates during fetal development stage results in number of harmful effects in male offspring in humans, like abnormalities of the sperm-producing organs, abnormal development of penile, hypospadias, reduced anogenital distance, as well as a risk for prostate cancer and cryptorchidism. The purpose of this chapter was to review the environmental impact of phthalate exposure in relation to reproductive behavior and other health problems in humans.
Framework Proposition Strategy for Collection of Returned Products in Reverse Logistics Environment
Authors: Lamsali Hendrik
Published: July 2019

The importance of reverse logistics and product recovery is evident in various industries as well as in current UNESCO sustainable development goals. This includes plastics and recycling with the former “contributed” significantly towards environmental issues and the latter being one of the primary solutions. The motivations of its implementation are generally divided into legal, economic, and socio-environmental factors. One of the crucial components of plastics recycling and a reverse logistics system is product return channels. The success of other components especially the recovery operations depends on the effectiveness of the return channels. Although numerous investigations on product return channels have been carried out, research on some critical aspects remains wanting. This study presents a review that highlights this deficiency, depicts relevant research development on product return channels, decision-making issues, and direction for future research. At the end of the study, the authors propose a new closed-loop logistics network and future research framework propositions.
What Motivates Young Technology-Literate Consumers in Densely Populated Areas?
Authors: Vajjhala Narasimha Rao , Strang Kenneth David
Published: July 2019

In this chapter, the authors analyze the cultural, technological, and psychological factors that influence online young technology-literate consumer behavior in a densely populated urban area. This chapter starts with a literature review of factors that can explain the online behavior of people from various demographic and cultural backgrounds including education, occupation, income level, gender, ethnicity, and age (as a control). The authors also reviewed several empirical studies that examine online consumer behavior in India, where the population is the second highest in the world and a leader in global technology services. The purpose of the study is to develop a multi-cultural model that could predict the emerging shopping pattern of young and highly connected consumers in the high technology use metropolitan area, specifically in Northern India. The results can be used to generalize other online consumer behavior in other similar highly populated communities where internet technology use is high.
Understanding Generational Impact on Online Business
Authors: Shanmugam Karthikeyan , C Vijayabanu
Published: July 2019

In today's age of technology and exploding internet penetration, customers are rapidly moving toward continuous connectivity across every facet of their lives. Similarly, business is also changing in response to this digital boom. This chapter analyzes digital tools such as virtual communities, social collaboration, and its impact on the multiple generations in managing connected customers for organizations. The technological tools make it simple for customers to be connected at all times, which has become the major challenge for organizations to formulate strategies and be competent in the market. The major types of virtual communities that can be associated with businesses were discussed in detail. This chapter proposes a model for organization to manage their customers effectively. The above-mentioned digital tools are playing vital role in retaining customers and strategies can be formulated to manage the connected customers successfully. Thus, the chapter analyzed the major areas that are important to the organizations in order to succeed in formulating competitive strategy.
Development of an E-Service Quality Model (eSQM) to Assess the Quality of E-Service
Authors: Taherdoost Hamed , Hassan Ali
Published: July 2019

E-service quality is known as a critical factor for successful implementation and decent performance of any business in electronic environment. Although many researches have been carried out in the field of service quality, there is a clear need for a theoretical model that integrates all aspects of e-service quality. This chapter responded to this need by developing a theoretical model to assess the quality of e-service. In the first phase, e-service quality dimensions were extracted from the literature. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to cluster the factors effectively in developing the conceptual model. Confirmatory approach was conducted with structural equation modeling to test and validate the proposed model. The contribution of this research is the integration of various relevant dimensions affecting e-service quality into a unified e-service quality model (eSQM).
Flood Hazard Casting and Predictions of Climate Change Impressions
Authors: Singh Vartika
Published: July 2019

Climate change is a word that we have heard hundreds of times, but what is it? Is it happening or is it something made by us? There are thousands of such questions, thoughts, doubt which come to our minds as soon as we hear the words “climate change.” Even though there are hundreds of research works and many more proofs stating that the climate change is happening, there is a side which has been generally overlooked, and that is what if the climate change that we look is just something made by us. Climate change refers to long-lasting changes in temperature, clouds, humidity, and rainfall around the world. Both local and global factors cause regional climate change. This difference is significant because if a regional climate change occurs on account of local factors, then these changes can be mitigated by local actions. This chapter explores flood hazard casting prediction of climate change impressions.
On Because and Why
Authors: Wheatman Martin J
Published: July 2019

Because, as an act of verbal reasoning, is described in terms of its transitivity, composite assertions and reasoning. The latter includes induction through X because Y and the deduction subsequently afforded by why X. Once the component assertions X and Y are disavowed, it illustrates the third level of Peircean reasoning, abduction. The language engine, Enguage, is introduced and positioned as a novel approach to language processing. Three utterance repertoires of the Enguage test suite, which support because and why, are described. These are then applied using Enguage, and the resultant output is presented. A user can thus demonstrate reasoning interactively, via text-to-speech software, with a machine that can be said to understand why.
Using Business Ontology to Integrate Business Architecture and Business Process Management for Healthcare Modeling
Authors: Urquhart Bonnie S , Haque Waqar
Published: July 2019

Patient safety and quality of health care services continue to be an issue within healthcare organizations. Quality improvement of healthcare processes at a systems level requires a shared language so the system is well understood across and between business areas. Business ontology provides the ability to create a shared language which can be used to integrate business process management (BPM) and business architecture (BA) concepts to identify, prioritize, and plan system wide improvement. The effective application of this comprehensive management approach has been demonstrated using medication management services within a publicly funded Canadian healthcare organization. This article illustrates how the foundational ontology developed by the Global University Alliance and the related Business Process Management Ontology (BPMO) can be used to facilitate the integration of BA and BPM concepts to improve quality of medication management. The development of business artefacts resulted in a prioritized list of improvement initiatives and an action plan to implement and monitor the initiatives. The integration of BPM and BA using an ontology in a healthcare setting yields improved services at the systems level.
A Novel Chaotic Northern Bald Ibis Optimization Algorithm for Solving Different Cluster Problems [ICCICC18 #155]
Authors: Saidala Ravi Kumar , Devarakonda Nagaraju
Published: July 2019

This article proposes a new optimal data clustering method for finding optimal clusters of data by incorporating chaotic maps into the standard NOA. NOA, a newly developed optimization technique, has been shown to be efficient in generating optimal results with lowest solution cost. The incorporation of chaotic maps into metaheuristics enables algorithms to diversify the solution space into two phases: explore and exploit more. To make the NOA more efficient and avoid premature convergence, chaotic maps are incorporated in this work, termed as CNOAs. Ten different chaotic maps are incorporated individually into standard NOA for testing the optimization performance. The CNOA is first benchmarked on 23 standard functions. Secondly, testing was done on the numerical complexity of the new clustering method which utilizes CNOA, by solving 10 UCI data cluster problems and 4 web document cluster problems. The comparisons have been made with the help of obtaining statistical and graphical results. The superiority of the proposed optimal clustering algorithm is evident from the simulations and comparisons.
Preparing Pre-service Early Childhood Candidates for Diverse Classrooms
Authors: Young Natalie , Conderman Gregory James , Jung Myoungwhon
Published: July 2019

The demographics of schools in United States (U.S.) are rapidly changing. Therefore, teachers in the U. S. need to be prepared to teach children with a wide variety of diverse backgrounds. This article describes an introductory early clinical experience purposefully designed to provide early childhood pre-service teachers from a large Midwestern university in the U. S. with opportunities to teach children in a high-need and diverse setting. Data from exit slips and surveys associated with the Open Doors program were analyzed over four years. Results indicated that almost 90% of candidates felt the experience was beneficial to their professional growth and would consider working in a diverse school. Slightly over 90% felt the experience increased their knowledge and skills regarding working with diverse students. Implications for similar projects are provided.
Cutting Edge: Protein Arginine Deiminase 2 and 4 Regulate NLRP3 Inflammasome–Dependent IL-1β Maturation and ASC Speck Formation in Macrophages
Authors: Mishra Neha , Schwerdtner Lidja , Sams Kelly , Mondal Santanu , Ahmad Fareed , Schmidt Reinhold E. , Coonrod Scott A. , Thompson Paul R. , Lerch Markus M. , Bossaller Lukas
Published: July 2019

Protein arginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes catalyze the conversion of protein-bound arginine into citrulline, an irreversible posttranslational modification with loss of a positive charge that can influence protein–protein interactions and protein structure. Protein arginine deiminase activity depends on high intracellular calcium concentrations occurring in dying cells. In this study, we demonstrate that protein citrullination is common during pyroptotic cell death in macrophages and that inhibition of PAD enzyme activity by Cl-amidine, a pan-PAD inhibitor, blocks NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and proinflammatory IL-1β release in macrophages. Genetic deficiency of either PAD2 or PAD4 alone in murine macrophages does not impair IL-1β release; however, pharmacological inhibition or small interfering RNA knockdown of PAD2 within PAD4−/− macrophages does. Our results suggest that PAD2 and 4 activity in macrophages is required for optimal inflammasome assembly and IL-1β release, a finding of importance for autoimmune diseases and inflammation.
HIV/AIDS awareness and attitudes of mineworkers: A case study
Authors: Van Wyk C. DeW. , Tshivase N. D.
Published: July 2019

The central question to be examined revolves around the attitudes and awareness of HIV/AIDS among mineworkers at a mine. Semi-standardised questionnaires were used to conduct in-depth interviews on a one-on-one basis. The findings revealed that workers had a great lack of knowledge about AIDS. While some workers had a detailed knowledge of the disease and its prevention, others were either completely ignorant about it or were in denial of its existence. The study serves as a tool and a framework of reference to the mine management on the areas of concern, to put great emphasis on IEC, in order to combat the spread of the disease in the mine. Recommendations are proposed for future research, policy making and practice in the area of HIV/AIDS.These will be in line with the factors influencing mineworkers’ perceptions of the epidemic.
Job insecurity, extrinsic and intrinsic job satisfaction and affective organisational commitment of maintenance workers in a parastatal
Authors: Buitendach J. H. , De Witte H.
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between job insecurity, job satisfaction and affective organisational commitment of maintenance workers (N = 178) in a parastatal in Gauteng. A cross-sectional design was used. Stratified random samples of maintenance workers (N = 178) were taken. The Job Insecurity Inventory, Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire and Organisational Commitment Questionnaire were used as measuring instruments. The results revealed small but significant relationships between job insecurity and extrinsic job satisfaction and job insecurity and affective organisational commitment. Job satisfaction was found to mediate the relationship between job insecurity and affective organisational commitment.
The persistence of active fund management performance
Authors: Wessels D. R. , Krige J. D.
Published: July 2019

This study focuses on the performance persistence of equity funds in the South African Unit Trust Industry against its appropriate index benchmark (ALSI) over the period 1988 to 2003. A few funds exhibited extraordinary persistence - either in out-performing or under-performing. In general it was found that over the short term (month-to-month and quarter-to-quarter basis) there was a tendency that the current performance of a fund would be repeated, with a greater tendency among the top performing funds to remain a top performer.However, when the persistence of fund performance was measured on a year-to-year basis, less consistency among funds was identified. The decile ranking movement of a fund - upwards, downwards or sideways - became more random in nature. When the forward-looking period was extended to three years, however, the chances that the fund would have stayed in the same decile became very slim.Herein lies the danger of placing your trust with one active manager only; over the long run the performance ranking of managers can assume a random nature if manager skill is not persistent.
Trends in the distribution of added value of listed industrial companies: 1990 to 2002
Authors: Van Aswegen N. , Steyn B. W. , Hamman W. D.
Published: July 2019

Value added is a measure of the increase in wealth of a company. The question posed in this paper, is whether there was a change over time; firstly in the percentage of added value by companies as a proportion of sales and secondly in the distribution of the added value between the different stakeholder groups.The ratio VA/sales and the VA distribution ratios were calculated for three samples:A full sample from 1990 to 2002, consisting of all the listed South African companies preparing a value added statement; A constant sample of 36 companies that existed from 1990 to 2002; and A constant sample of 55 companies that existed from 1994 to 2002.Although a slight downward trend was found in VA/sales from 1997/1998, there is not enough evidence to infer that there was a change over time in VA/sales as the differences in the central location for at least two years were not significant.It was determined that there was only one distribution ratio in each constant sample with a significant difference in the central locations between at least two of the years. These ratios were retention/VA for the constant sample from 1990 to 2002 and depreciation/VA for the constant sample from 1994 to 2002.The change over time in depreciation was probably caused by the change in accounting treatment for amortisation of intangible assets. Retention is a balancing figure – the leftovers after the other allocations have been done – it can therefore be expected that this ratio will be influenced by the changes in all the other allocations. The general prosperity of the company and the economy will also influence retention, as the total value added will change accordingly and that will determine what is being left for retention in the company. As the growth in the GDP increased during the period under review, it was no surprise to find an increase in the ratio retention/VA.
Offline/online brand element transmutation and tangible/intangible product characteristics within various South African retail brand categories: An exploratory study
Authors: Kruger H. , Fourie L. C.H. , Terblanche N. S.
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study is firstly to investigate if offline/online brand transmutation (uniform/non-uniform) patterns are particular to certain retail categories. Secondly, to determine if product characteristics (tangibility/intangibility; high cost, low frequency/low cost, high frequency; high potential for differentiation/low potential for differentiation) and brand transmutation is dependent or independent. Thirdly, given a particular product characteristic and brand transmutation is dependent, to establish the significance of the dependence effect. Two hundred and eleven South African retailers, divided into sixteen categories were surveyed. Structured observation was used as data collection method and surveyed data was analysed using quantitative methods, namely classification tree analysis and the Fisher exact test supported by the log linear model. The results in the first instance indicated with very strong statistical significance that uniform/nonuniform brand transmutation is retail category specific. Secondly, at a five percent level of significance that the factors product characteristic tangibility/intangibility and uniform/non-uniform brand transmutation are dependent. Thirdly, at a one percent significance level, that different factor effects are of relative importance. The product characteristic tangibility/intangibility is the most important factor in offline/online brand element transmutation. Brand element transmutation is more important than the effect of the two factors. However, the factors and the effects are of high statistical significance and play a role in offline/online brand element uniformity/non-uniformity. The implication of this result is that products with tangible characteristics should be uniform offline and online, and commensurately products with intangible characteristics should be non-uniform offline and online. This may be explained by the inherent unsuitability of the Internet as distribution channel for tangible products and thus the risk reduction exercise in keeping the brand uniform offline/online.
The relationship between the characteristics of the transformational leader and the entrepreneur in South African SMEs
Authors: Visser D. J. , De Coning T. J. , Smit E. V.D.M.
Published: July 2019

Transformational leadership, as found in large firms can be applied to entrepreneurial leaders in SMEs. Since significant transformation is being brought about in organisations by changes in technology, international competition and workforces which become more diverse, literature proposes that this type of leadership is becoming more important to organisations. Similarly, there is a need for a ‘new’ style of leadership in South African SMEs, especially those enterprises which display the capacity and capability to enter and compete in world markets. Since the literature clearly indicates that transformational leadership is a behavioural process which can be learned, the purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly, to identify the profile elements of entrepreneurship and transformational leadership in SMEs which, if applied appropriately, will in all probability, lead to organisational innovation; and, secondly, to determine whether entrepreneurs in SMEs in the South African context possess characteristics that manifest them as transformational leaders. It is demonstrated that a significant and positive relationship exists between the characteristics of an entrepreneur and the characteristics of a transformational leader in South African SMEs.
Evaluation of the use of fertilizer obtained from pharmaceutical effluent
Authors: Prado Carina Aline , Giron Mariana Paiva Batagini , Mendes Fernanda Gonçalves , Alcântara Marco Aurélio Kondracki de , Izário Filho Hélcio José
Published: July 2019

Sustainability encompasses several aspects, one of which is the reuse of nutrient-rich effluent. In recent years, improper disposal of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical effluent, which contain recalcitrant compounds, has caused great environmental damage. An alternative disposal strategy that has been studied for several residues is their reuse for agricultural purposes. This work evaluated the potential of using pharmaceutical effluent for fertilizing Schinus molle, a native Brazilian species locally known as “aroeira-salsa.” Effluent was pretreated by chemical precipitation, and the solid phase was tested as fertilizer. Seedlings were grown in soil or compost. The soil used was classified as Red-Yellow Acrisol with medium loamy texture and high Al content, which is typically found in the Vale do Paraíba region, São Paulo, Brazil. Two agricultural composts were used as substrate, both from the Taboão Ecological Park located in Vale do Paraíba. Fertilizer application improved the physicochemical characteristics of all growing media, increasing C, N, P, K, Mg, and Ca contents, base saturation, and pH, while decreasing Al content and density. Fertilization improved nutrient absorption and plant growth.
Economic Analysis of Accuracy and Cost of Ultrasound-guided Intraarticular Hip Injections
Authors: Porras Lauren
Published: July 2019

Background

Ultrasonography is an increasingly valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. In the past, ultrasound has been used for diagnostic purposes, with increasing use of image guidance for joint injections.

Hypothesis

Ultrasound-guided intraarticular native nontraumatic hip injections are equally as accurate with less cost as other diagnostic imaging modalities including fluoroscopicguided injections.

Design

This analysis was based on a meta-analysis of the accuracy of the different imaging modalities. Initially a search was performed for intraarticular hip injections in PubMed, EMbasE, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Injection accuracy rates between groups were analyzed via proportional meta-analysis. For the economic analysis, compensation data were determined from estimated charges from Duke University Medical Center.

Results

Compared with gold standards of accurate injections (such as fluoroscopic and computed tomography-guided injections), ultrasound is 97% as accurate (confidence interval 93%, 99%). based on 2014 reimbursement data, reimbursement for large-joint intraarticular injection averages $61.99 (37.38£, 47.18€) ($49.20–$76.31). Fluoroscopic global reimbursement averages $105.32 (63.51£, 80.13€) ($76.75–$134.72). Ultrasound guidance global reimbursement averages $75.99 (45.86£, 57.83€) ($57.95–$93.15).

Conclusion

Ultrasound-guided hip injections are an accurate technique for alleviating hip pain at less cost. In an era of increasing concern for health care expenditures, finding an accurate, effective, and cost-friendly alternative has the potential for widespread adaptation and practice.

Porras L, boggess b. Economic analysis of accuracy and Cost of Ultrasound-guided Intraarticular Hip Injections. The Duke Orthop J 2016;6(1):35-40.
The Importance of the Palmar Lunate Facet in the Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Lampley Alexander J , Patel Priyesh D , Nomides Riikka EK , Mithani Suhail K
Published: July 2019

Background

While there have been multiple studies published that have stressed the importance of restoring various different radiographic parameters to improve functional outcome scores, there is no consensus on the parameter that correlates most with patients’ functional outcomes. We hypothesize that obtaining near anatomical reduction of the palmar lunate facet is critical to improving functional outcome scores. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of reduction and stabilization of the palmar lunate facet on functional outcomes in patients with intra-articular distal radius fracture.

Materials and methods

We prospectively collected clinical examination data, radiographic measurements, and functional outcome scores on 157 patients who were treated operatively for multifragmentary intra-articular fractures of the distal radius (AO Type C3) between 1996 and 2006. Prospective data were acquired at 3, 6 months, and 1 year postsurgical intervention in clinical follow-up. Based on radiographic measurements, patients were designated into a nondisplaced palmar lunate facet group and a displaced palmar lunate facet group. Clinical and functional outcomes were then compared between the groups.

Results

Patients without displacement had a significantly higher value of wrist extension and forearm supination when compared with the patients with displacement. In addition, the Gartland and Werley score was significantly higher in patients with displacement of the palmar lunate facet.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that patients with near anatomical reduction of the palmar lunate facet after surgical treatment of an intra-articular distal radius fracture had improved range of motion and better functional outcome scores compared with patients with residual displacement of the palmar lunate facet.

Richard MJ, Lampley AJ, Patel PD, Nomides REK, Mithani SK, Leversedge FJ, Ruch DS. The Importance of the Palmar Lunate Facet in the Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures. The Duke Orthop J 2016;6(1):56-60.
Evolving from Principles of Gv Black
Authors: Parameswaran A
Published: July 2019

The Father of Modern Dentistry, Greene Vardiman Black, had played a vital role in elevating the dental profession to an autonomous status. Modern dentistry has continuously evolved from the time of GV Black. Now, there has been a paradigm shift in concept from ‘Extension for prevention’ to ‘Restriction with conviction’. ‘Medical model’ of caries management has been recognized as the most logical approach for success. The prediction of GV Black that ‘The professional person has no right to be other than a continuous student’ has become a reality. It is the duty of every conservative dentist to appreciate and adopt the changes and this will be the real tribute paid to the pioneers of the profession.

How to cite this article

Parameswaran A. Evolving from Principles of Gv Black. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(1):3-6.
Revascularization of Necrotic Immature Permanent Teeth: An Update
Authors: Velmurugan N
Published: July 2019

In the recent years, there is a paradigm shift in the management of necrotic immature permanent teeth, with most of these teeth being treated by revascularization rather than conventional apexification procedure. Current regenerative endodontic protocols (REP) emphasizes the need to have a disinfection protocols that will enable good disinfection without causing damage to stem cells. The current available evidence suggest that true pulp-dentin complex is not being formed after REP, nevertheless it can result in continued root development that will enable such tooth to survive for a long time. This article highlights the recent trends in revascularization procedures.

How to cite this article

Velmurugan N. Revascularization of Necrotic Immature Permanent Teeth: An Update. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(1):18-24.
Scientific Publishing: The ‘Write’ Tips
Authors: Nandini S
Published: July 2019

Publishing in a peer-reviewed journal is the ultimate platform to share new knowledge with other researchers, health professionals and the public. Few of the submitted articles may not even reach peer-review stage. It can get rejected either at the technical modification/initial screening stage or after the review is completed. To avoid rejections at the initial stage, the manuscript should be well-drafted according to author instructions of the selected journal. This article aims in providing the young researchers with tips to write an article for biomedical journal.

How to cite this article

Nandini S. Scientific Publishing: The ‘Write’ Tips. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(1):30-34.
Immunological Profile of Periapical and Periodontal Lesions: Current Concepts in the Role of T Cells
Authors: Arun KV , Nainar Deepavalli Arumuga , Alamelu Swarna
Published: July 2019

Periapical lesions of endodontic origin and periodontitis are the two common chronic conditions that constitute the immunoinflammatory responses to putative oral pathogens. Both the conditions encompass similar patterns of development and pathologic mechanisms of host-mediated tissue destruction and subsequent establishment of the lesion. This host inflammatory response is attributed to a large array of immune cells that play a regulatory role in the protective and destructive pathways culminating in these two diseases. Hence, knowledge of the host response involved in their pathogenesis is essential to comprehend the disease process and thus aid in establishing proper therapeutic strategies to keep the host response under control. This review will focus on the pivotal role played by the T cells and its various subsets, namely the T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17, Treg, Th22, and Th9, and elicit deeper insights on the Th1/Th2 and the Th17/Treg paradigm.

How to cite this article

Nainar DA, Alamelu S, Arun KV, Rajasekaran M. Immunological Profile of Periapical and Periodontal Lesions: Current Concepts in the Role of T Cells. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):70-75.
Invasive Cervical Resorption: A Clinical Case Report demonstrating the Value of CBCT in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning
Authors: Canakapalli Venkat
Published: July 2019

Invasive cervical resorption (ICR) is a common clinical entity. Invasive cervical resorption can be arrested using the “Heithersay approach” (i.e., mechanical debridement, treatment with TCA, and restoration). Prudent case selection and proper execution can lead to the successful treatment and long-term retention of the tooth. The key aspects are the location, size, and accessibility of the lesion and the structural integrity of the tooth. Cone beam computed tomography imaging is an invaluable tool to assess and treat ICR.

How to cite this article

Canakapalli V. Invasive Cervical Resorption: A Clinical Case Report demonstrating the Value of CBCT in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning. J Oper Dent Endod 2016;1(2):87-89.
Comparison of Implantation Rates in Ultrasound-guided vs Clinical Touch Embryo Transfer
Authors: Jindal Manvi , Swarankar ML
Published: July 2019

Aims

The present study was conducted in the fertility unit of a medical college to compare the implantation rate of embryo in ultrasound-guided vs clinical touch method of embryo transfer. Today, approximately 80% of women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) will reach the embryo transfer stage with good quality embryos. Traditionally, the ‘clinical touch’ method has been used to guide placement of the embryo transfer. The use of ultrasound to guide embryo transfer would allow accurate and atraumatic positioning of the catheter tip near the uterine fundus.

Materials and methods

A prospective study was conducted at fertility center of Mahatma Gandhi Hospital. A total 100 patients requiring IVF, from a period of July 2011—July 2013 were taken into the study. A total of 50 patients were subjected to USG-guided embryo transfer and 50 patients were subjected to clinical touch embryo transfer. Detailed patient history, clinical examination, relevant investigation and details of procedure were entered in a prestructured proforma. The data were entered and analyzed in Microsoft Office Excel.

Results

There was a significant improvement in the implantation rates in the USG-guided group (31.9%) as compared to clinical touch group (24.3%). There was also a significant improvement in the pregnancy rates in the USG-guided group (40%) as compared to the clinical touch group (28%). Compared with the traditional clinical touch method, the abdominal ultrasound-guided embryo transfer was found to have a number of advantages.

How to cite this article

Jindal M, Swarankar ML, Garg S, Sharma U. Comparison of Implantation Rates in Ultrasound- guided vs Clinical Touch Embryo Transfer. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(1):10-14.
Neutral Zone Technique for Rehabilitation of Resorbed Mandibular Ridge
Authors: Kaur Avneet , Chhonkar Devendra Pal Singh , Sarawgi Aditi
Published: July 2019

The neutral zone technique is an alternative approach for the construction of the complete dentures. It is most effective for cases where there is a highly atrophic ridge. The technique aims to construct a denture, i.e., shaped by muscle function and is in harmony with the surrounding oral structures. This clinical report describes the fabrication of complete dentures for a patient with poorly formed mandibular ridges.

How to cite this article

Kaur A, Padiyar N, Kaurani P, Meena S, Chhonkar DPS, Sarawgi A. Neutral Zone Technique for Rehabilitation of Resorbed Mandibular Ridge. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(1):35-38.
Palatoradicular Groove Associated Defect Resolved with GIC, Alloplastic Graft and GTR Membrane
Authors: Mishra Pulak , Godara Sonia , Kapoor Radhika
Published: July 2019

The region of maxillary lateral incisor is an area of embryological importance with major and minor malformations like, gemination, fusion, cysts, dens in dente, peg-shaped laterals, talon cusps, supernumerary roots, and palatogingival groove (PGG). Palatogingival groove is a developmental groove usually found on the lingual aspect of maxillary incisors. It can be simple or complex on the basis of its connection to the pulp. These grooves act as a nidus for plaque accumulation which destroys the sulcular epithelium and later deeper parts of the periodontium. Since proper cleaning of this region is difficult by patient himself, it can lead to serious localized periodontal lesion or can communicate with endodontic lesion. Suggested treatment modalities are curettage of the affected tissues, elimination of the groove by grinding (saucerization), or by sealing with a variety of filling materials. If the groove extends beyond the middle-third of the root apex, surgical procedures are required, including use of barriers and intraosseous alloplastic graft to correct the defect.

How to cite this article

Devaraj CG, Yadav A, Sharma S, Meena M, Mishra P, Godara S, Kapoor R. PalatoRadicular Groove Associated Defect Resolved with GIC, Alloplastic Graft and GTR Membrane. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2016;1(2):75-78.
Premenstrual Syndrome: Correlation and Functional Impairment
Authors: Swami Murlidhar , Narain Mona , Kanwal Krishna
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its more severe form “premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)” is a common yet underdiagnosed disorder. It is characterized by anxiety, mood changes, and several somatic symptoms in the last week of the luteal phase and began to remit within a few days after the onset of the follicular phase.

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of PMS and PMDD among females at a tertiary care center and evaluate the associated symptomatology, sociodemographic variables, and functional impairment.

Materials and methods

In an observational, cross-sectional study, 150 randomly selected females (18–30 years) were evaluated for menstrual history after sociodemographic profiling. Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV)-TR (SCID)-PMDD was applied among those who were positive on premenstrual symptoms screening tool. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 14.0.

Results

The prevalence of PMS was 21.33%. Moderate to severe PMS was 14% and PMDD was 7.33% according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Fatigue/lack of energy, decreased interest in work were the most commonly reported symptoms. Decreased school/work efficiency and productivity was the commonest form of functional impairment. Increased body mass index, onset of symptoms since menarche, duration of premenstrual symptoms, menstrual cramps, and family history showed statistically significant association with PMS/PMDD.

Conclusion

Premenstrual syndrome is fairly common and causes significant functional impairment. Screening females in relevant age group for its symptomatology may aid in early detection and better management.

How to cite this article

Swami M, Narain M, Kanwal K, Mishra M, Singh S. Premenstrual Syndrome: Correlation and Functional Impairment. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):18-22.
A Variant Articular Facet on Left Second Rib
Authors: Mehra Simmi
Published: July 2019

During routine scanning of bones in the Department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India, an unusual second rib belonging to left side was found having an oval facet, almost centrally placed along the inner border of the shaft. In the absence of the corresponding skeleton, it can be hypothesized that the left first rib or an extra rib articulated with the second rib at this facet. Such structural anomalies of ribs are quite rare and need to be documented. If present, they may lead to compression of neurovascular structures crossing the ribs leading to thoracic outlet syndrome. An incidence of 0.3% of synostosis of first and second ribs has been reported in the literature. Search of literature reveals that there are 22 known syndromes in which fused ribs are a constant component. Such a variant second rib as found in the present case could lead to neurovascular compression and a possible indicator of underlying systemic disorder.

How to cite this article

Mehra S. A Variant Articular Facet on Left Second Rib. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):29-30.
Surgical Management of Chronic Bilateral Condylar Dislocation
Authors: Sharma Sunil , Chitlangia Punit , Sharma Dinesh C ,   Amit
Published: July 2019

Dislocation is the complete separation of the articular surfaces of a joint and fixation in an abnormal position. In case of mandibular dislocation, the normal anatomic relationship of the mandibular condyle with the glenoid fossa disrupts and condyle seats in an unfavorable position which is mostly anterior. Dislocation can be of acute and chronic subtypes. Acute dislocation is once in a lifetime event, but chronic dislocations are painful and distressing to the patient. There are various nonsurgical and surgical treatment options available in the literature but the most sought after method is eminectomy. A case of chronic dislocation treated surgically with eminectomy is reported here.

How to cite this article

Sharma DC, Sharma S, Chitlangia P, Amit. Surgical Management of Chronic Bilateral Condylar Dislocation. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2017;2(1):41-43.
Euthanasie en psychisch lijden
Authors: Lemmens Willem
Published: July 2019

Euthanasia and psychological suffering: empathy beyond any taboo?

Nowadays, when facing the death wish of a patient, a psychiatrist in Belgium or the Netherlands may legally initiate euthanasia. Proponents of this situation argue that a psychiatric patient’s autonomy and the seriousness of his or her suffering ought to be acknowledged and taken fully seriously. A psychiatrist’s consent to euthanasia will here have to be grounded on an assessment of psychological suffering that cannot be purely medical in character, which in turn will have to depend, for a good deal, on empathy. However, a closer look at such empathy uncovers various paradoxes and leads to the conclusion that a psychiatrist with the kind of empathy that is appropriate to his or her role, i.e., ‘cognitive’ empathy, will resist rather than go along with the patient’s death wish.
TCCON and NDACC XCO measurements: difference, discussion and application
Authors: Zhou Minqiang , Langerock Bavo , Vigouroux Corinne , Sha Mahesh Kumar , Hermans Christian , Metzger Jean-Marc , Chen Huilin , Ramonet Michel , Kivi Rigel , Heikkinen Pauli , Smale Dan , Pollard David F. , Jones Nicholas , Velazco Voltaire  A. , García Omaira E. , Schneider Matthias , Palm Mathias , Warneke Thorsten , De Mazière Martine
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO (XCO) measurements are obtained from two ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers networks: the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). In this study, the differences between the TCCON and NDACC XCO measurements are investigated and discussed based on six NDACC/TCCON sites using data over the period 2007–2017. The NDACC XCO measurements are about 5.5 % larger than the TCCON data at Ny-Ålesund, Bremen, and Izaña (Northern Hemisphere), and about 0.3 % larger than the TCCON data at St Denis, Wollongong and Lauder (Southern Hemisphere). The hemispheric dependence of the bias is mainly attributed to their smoothing errors. The systematic smoothing error of the TCCON XCO data varies in the range between 0.2 % (Bremen) and 7.9 % (Lauder), and the random smoothing error in the range between 2.0 % and 3.6 %. The systematic smoothing error of NDACC data is between 0.1 % and 0.8 %, and the random smoothing error of NDACC data is about 0.3 %. For TCCON data, the smoothing error can be significant in that it is much higher than the reported uncertainty for TCCON XCO. To reduce the influence from the a priori profiles and different vertical sensitivities, the scaled NDACC a priori profiles are used as the common a priori profiles for comparing TCCON and NDACC retrievals. As a result, the biases between TCCON and NDACC XCO measurements become more consistent (5.6–8.5 %) with a mean value of 6.8 % at these sites. To understand the remaining bias, regular AirCore measurements at Orleans and Sodankylä are compared to co-located TCCON measurements. It is found that TCCON XCO measurements are 6.0 ± 1.9 % and 6.9  ± 2.5 % smaller than the AirCore measurements at Orleans and Sodankylä respectively, indicating that the scaling factor of TCCON XCO data should be around 1.0000 instead of 1.0672. Further investigations should be carried out in the TCCON community to determine the correct scaling factor to be applied to the TCCON XCO data. This paper also demonstrates that the smoothing error must be taken into account when comparing FTIR XCO data, and especially TCCON XCO data, with model or satellite data.
CALIOPE-Urban v1.0: coupling R-LINE with a mesoscale air quality modelling system for urban air quality forecasts over Barcelona city (Spain)
Authors: Benavides Jaime , Snyder Michelle , Guevara Marc , Soret Albert , Pérez García-Pando Carlos , Amato Fulvio , Querol Xavier , Jorba Oriol
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The NO2 annual air quality limit value is systematically exceeded in many European cities. In this context, understanding human exposure, improving policy and planning, and providing forecasts requires the development of accurate air quality models at the urban (street level) scale. We describe CALIOPE-Urban, a system coupling CALIOPE – an operational mesoscale air quality forecast system based on the HERMES (emissions), WRF (meteorology) and CMAQ (chemistry) models – with the urban roadway dispersion model R-LINE. Our developments have focused on Barcelona city (Spain), but the methodology may be replicated for other cities in the future. WRF drives pollutant dispersion and CMAQ provides background concentrations to R-LINE. Key features of our system include the adaptation of R-LINE to street canyons, the use of a new methodology that considers upwind grid cells in CMAQ to avoid double counting traffic emissions, a new method to estimate local surface roughness within street canyons, and a vertical mixing parameterisation that considers urban geometry and atmospheric stability to calculate surface level background concentrations. We show that the latter is critical to correct the night-time overestimations in our system. Both CALIOPE and CALIOPE-Urban are evaluated using two sets of observations. The temporal variability is evaluated against measurements from five traffic sites and one urban background site for April–May 2013. While both systems show a fairly good agreement at the urban background site, CALIOPE-Urban shows a better agreement at traffic sites. The spatial variability is evaluated using 182 passive dosimeters that were distributed across Barcelona during 2 weeks for February–March 2017. In this case, the coupled system also shows a more realistic distribution than the mesoscale system, which systematically underpredicts NO2 close to traffic emission sources. Overall CALIOPE-Urban improves mesoscale model results, demonstrating that the combination of both scales provides a more realistic representation of NO2 spatio-temporal variability in Barcelona.
Deriving Multiple Representation Database: A Model Generalisation Approach
Authors: Boodala Jagadish , Dikshit Onkar , Balasubramanian Nagarajan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The main aim of the research being conducted is to automatically derive multiple representation database through model generalisation. In this regard, this paper presents a detailed methodology of the derivation process of multiple representation database. The topographic information of three different levels of detail (LoDs) viz., LoD1 (1 : 10,000), LoD2 (1 : 25,000) and LoD3 (1 : 250,000) are considered for this research. The abstract LoDs, i.e., LoD2 and LoD3 are derived automatically by model generalisation. The method for linking corresponding features in all these LoDs is shown and thus deriving multiple representation database. The major component of the proposed methodology is the model generalisation process. The design of the model generalisation process which includes generalisation operators, classification hierarchies, geometric constraints, functional hierarchies and topological constraints are discussed in this article. The proposed methodology is currently in the implementation stage.