bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic efficiency of district heating systems’ heat generation technologies
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Derii V.O.
Published: December 2021

A new selection criterion of heat-generating technologies for the district heating systems (DHS) retrofit, Marginal Levelized Price of Energy (MLPOE), is proposed. MLPOE is the minimum weighted marginal price of thermal energy produced by the technological unit. MLPOE accounts for the costs and incomes of considered heat generation technologies and allows more accurate comparison among technologies that produce only one type of energy with multi-product technologies, e.g. cogeneration technologies and technologies that provide ancillary services to power systems in addition to only heat production. The calculations with the use of the proposed criterion of heat-generation technologies implementation into DHS during its retrofit are showed that: - the electric boilers are economically feasible since as they are capable to provide ancillary services in case of electrical supply failures. The implementation of an electric boiler with an installed capacity of about 10 MW requires 2 -3.5 times higher expenditures for its connection to the grid, which leads to a 2.5 - 5 times longer payback period, but electric boilers' MLPOE is more than 2 times less than the average in Ukraine (1265.8 UAH / Gcal); - the heat pumps usage in DHS is feasible if they are used for heat supply purposes only with the capability to provide ancillary services. The marginal price for ancillary services should be not less than 17.1 € / MWh (as of 2020); - the boilers burning natural gas due to the lowest specific investment costs and hence small payback period will be widely used during DHS retrofit under conditions of low-carbon development of Ukraine; - the biomass burning boilers and cogeneration units will not be widely used due to the limited fuel resource (biomass) and on stock areas. The capacities of 1 - 6 MW are estimated to be in operation for DHS; ­ Gas-piston cogeneration units are economically feasible for daily power system regulation. At the same time, they provide the lowest minimum weighted average break-even price of thermal energy for the heat supply company. Keywords: Marginal Levelized Price of Energy, Levelised Cost of Energy, power system, electric loads, heat pumps, boilers, cogeneration, district heating system
The forecast of total technological energy intensity of ferrous metallurgy products of Ukraine according to the production schemes till 2040
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Kuts G.O. , Teslenko O.I. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The perspective development of ferrous metallurgy of Ukraine for the period up to 2040 is considered. This development will take place due to structural changes of production schemes and technological measures with more effective characteristics of energy resources, energy carriers, and raw materials that directly influence the energy intensity of metallurgical products. The existing energy intensity calculations techniques were advanced and the total technological energy intensity of ferrous metallurgy products was calculated. Comparison of indicators of total technological energy intensity of final products of ferrous metallurgy (rolled metal) showed that rolled products produced by the latest energy-efficient technological schemes, which are projected to be implemented by 2040, will reduce total technological energy intensity up to 20% less than similar technological schemes used since 2017. For example, the total technological energy consumption of rolled billets of oxygen-converter steel will decrease by 17.2% (in terms of physical volume in the forecasted 2040 will be 862.293 kg c.e./t compared to the base 2017 – 1042.044 kg c.e./t), scrap process steel by 8.9% (respectively 923.999 kg c.e./t and 1014.120 kg c.e./t) and electric arc steel by 20% (703.292 kg c.e./t and 878.913 kg c.e./t). Regarding coke production, the total technological energy consumption of coke is projected to decrease by 24.0%: in 2040 it will be 210.040 kg c.e./t (in the base year 2017 it is equal to 244.585 kg c.e./t), and coke oven gas by 16.0%. , 4% (respectively 33.468 kg c.e./t and 38.72 kg c.e./t). The analysis of the role of components of energy intensity of products, namely for such products as iron ore, blast furnace coke, coke oven gas, and pig iron was made. The main components are energy resources, the share of which in the energy intensity of products is from 60 to 90%, and for other products, it is a raw material, the shares of which are within the same ranges. The main component in the structure of the formation of the total technological energy consumption of rolled products is the initial energy consumption of raw materials, the value of which is in the range of 90–92%. Keywords: technological energy intensity, structural changes, technological measures, energy resources, raw materials, pig iron, steel, rolled products
Електричні і оптичні властивості монокристалів AgGaGe2S2Se4
Authors: Мирончук Г.Л. , Давидюк Г.Є. , Парасюк О.В. , Шевчук М.В. , Якимчук О.В. , Данильчук С.П.
Published: December 2021

Досліджено монокристали твердих розчинів 50 мол.% AgGaGeS4 + 50 мол.% AgGaGe3Se8. Внаслідок статистичного розміщення у вузлах кристалічної ґратки атомів Ga і Ge, а також наявності вузлів не заповнених атомами Ag, тверді розчини проявляють властивості невпорядкованих напівпровідників з максимальною щільністю локалізованих енергетичних станів біля середини забороненої зони. Встановлено оптичну і термічну ширину забороненої зони та їх температурну залежність (Eg ≈ 2,30 еВ при T ≈ 300 К). Монокристали розчину AgGaGe2Se4 виявилися фоточутливиминапівпровідниками p-типу провідності з положенням рівня Фермі біля середини забороненої зони. Досліджено особливості електропровідностіі спектрального розподілу фотопровідності зразків розчину. Запропоновано несуперечливу фізичну модель, яка дозволяє пояснитиекспериментально одержані результати.
Удосконалений критерій нерівноважності плазми електричної дуги, зумовленої перенесенням випромінювання
Authors: Лелюх Ю.І.
Published: December 2021

У роботі виконано уточнені розрахунки, що дозволяють принципово оцінити роль процесів випромінювання у формуванні рівноважного стануплазми. Розв'язок задачі отримано у варіанті критерію застосовності припущення локальної термодинамічної рівноваги (ЛТР) з урахуваннямролі процесів випромінювання у плазмі та його втрат. Дані числового моделювання доводять наявність ефектів порушення рівноважноїзаселеності енергетичних рівнів атома міді, зумовлену поглинанням резонансного випромінювання як на основний, так і на метастабільний рівень.
Causes of the Failed of the Military Coup in Turkey in 2016
Authors: Sukri Mhd Alfahjri
Published: December 2021

Military interference in politics in Turkey resumed with an outright military coup on July 15, 2016, but the Coup failed. The Turkish military has always successfully conducted coups, both directly and indirectly, which occurred in 1960, 1971, 1980, and 1997. From these problems, The study aims to analyze the causes of the failure of the 2016 coup and describe the causes of the Coup and compare the 2016 coup with the 1960 and 1980 direct coups. A qualitative method was used in this research by conducting literature studies and data sourced from scientific journals, news reports, articles, and other related sources. The results showed that the failure of the military Coup in 2016 was due to rejection from the community but also the failure of the coup group to arrest key government actors such as President Erdogan and Prime Minister Binali Yildirim. The failure to arrest these key actors enabled them to mobilize the masses against the coup group, as did President Erdogan, who announced his rejection of the Coup through FaceTime broadcast by CNN Turk and invited the public to reject the Coup. Binali Yildirim also rejected the same problem. This is one of the factors that led to the descent of Turks to the streets against the coup attempt. Even though seeing the previous Coup, the military always received support from the Turkish people. In addition, there is also the role of technology that connects key actors with Turkish society. This research explains the important role of key state actors in countering military coups and provides an overview of ways for civilian governments and the general public to resist military coups.
The Concept of Al-Ta’ah (Obedience) To Muslim Leadership From The Islamic Political Thought
Authors: Ali Wan Zailan Kamaruddin Wan , Ismail Ahmad Zuhdi , Shahruddin Mohd Solahuddin , Gatara Asep Sahid
Published: December 2021

This article, as the title suggests, is to examine the ideas and concepts of obedience to Muslim leadership from Islamic Political Thought. Using qualitative methods and content analysis techniques, this article raises other issues involved such as the discussion of obedience to ideals and reality. it is certain that Islam has asserted that those who are entitled to be obeyed are Allah SWT, Prophet Muhammad SAW and the best and pious Muslim leaders (uli al-amr, Imam, Khalifah, Wali, Wasi, 'Alim). and Amir) at any time. Islam also states that following such a leader means following the truth.
Religious Encounters of the New African Diaspora in China and Malaysia
Authors: Xiao Allen Hai , Deng Zheyuan
Published: December 2021

Echoing the new African diaspora literature, this article demonstrates the importance of religious encounters in new African diasporic experiences, as they embody migratory subjectivity that is key to contemporary African migration and possibly leads to ideological mobility. We suggest that encountering the new religious situations should not be limited to person-to-person religious interactions but also take place between individual migrants and various (non-)religious institutions. In this sense, for various African Christian traders in China and a growing number of Nigerian Muslim students in Malaysia, encountering the Chinese religious regime and the Malaysian educational characteristics respectively renders different forms of migratory subjectivity and ideological mobility. Both case studies provide exploratory accounts of diasporic religious experience in societies where religious environments differ from widely-studied European and American contexts, thereby deepening our understandings of religion and the new African diaspora in a global context.
Echo in The Winter Vault
Authors: Greenstein Michael
Published: December 2021

The intertextuality of Anne Michaels’s The Winter Vault may be found not only in recurrent themes and images from her earlier novel, Fugitive Pieces, and her poetry, but also in the inclusion of other writers in her novel. Mikhail Bakhtin’s theories of dialogism, chronotopes, polyphony, heteroglossia, and the carnivalesque; John Hollander’s study of echo and transumption; and Douglas Hofstadter’s notion of “strange loops” – all offer means of understanding Michaels’s allusions and structure in her novel. They also shed light on how her writing remembers historical trauma and eventually finds redemption through language, love, and empathy. The central characters in The Winter Vault witness the devastation of Nubian villages along the Nile and Canadian villages along the St. Lawrence River. By listening closely to echoes and stories of past destruction, these characters find solace in recreating the Canadian landscape. The intertwining of characters, histories, and landscapes returns to the origins of civilization to emerge in forms of healing and post-traumatic redemption.
The Unreliable Narrator
Authors: Caufield Catherine
Published: December 2021

“Edgia’s Revenge” is ostensibly the story of a symbiotic relationship between Rella and Edgia, two women who were inmates in Auschwitz during World War II. The narrative is written in retrospective, a kind of suicide note that the protagonist prepares before taking the coloured pills on her bedside. It is the telling of the story of an unrepentant female kapo, the term for Jewish guards who supervised the forced labour of other Jews in the heinous concentration and forced labour camps. The reader serves as listening witness as Rella remorselessly absolves herself of her own behaviour, refusing responsibility even for the act of taking her own life. “Edgia’s Revenge” is an unsettling short story; its disquieting tone is created in no small part by the use of unreliability in the narrative voice and Rella’s unrepentant account of her life. Her self-centredness and twisted perception is chilling, particularly as it is dressed in the beautiful clothes of kindness and culture; this outward beauty covers, hides, a Jew who participated in carrying out the activities of the death camps. “Edgia’s Revenge” presents the undressing, the revealing, of a woman who, because she survived, was forced, ultimately unbearably, to live with herself and her own behaviour.
An Irresistible Temptation
Authors: Toufexis Jesse
Published: December 2021

The Mystics of Mile End is a study in patterns. Throughout Montreal author Sigal Samuel’s award-winning 2015 novel, we find characters obsessed with investigating, capturing, and solving the patterns of the universe, whether mathematical, biological, sexual, astronomical, or metaphysical. We find children, teenagers, young adults, middle-aged widowers, teachers, and elderly Holocaust survivors, all trying to find patterns of various types. In this study, I aim to illuminate the ways in which Sigal Samuel expertly utilizes, adapts, and flips on its head the archetypal character of the “Knower” in Jewish writing. By undertaking a brief exploration through time of a variety of characters who inhabit the space between this world and the Other in Jewish sources from the past, we might better understand just what makes Samuel’s work so special, and so Jewish.
Reflections on Being a “Jewish Canadian Woman Writer”
Authors: Glickman Susan
Published: December 2021

.
Reflections on Home and Identity
Authors: Milman Isa
Published: December 2021

.
Nautilus and Bone, by Lisa Richter
Authors: Greenstein Michael
Published: December 2021

Nautilus and Bone, by Lisa Richter. Frontenac House, 2020. 112pp., Pb., $19.95 ISBN-13: 9781989466124
Teachers’ beliefs and practices when teaching life sciences using their second language
Authors: Amos Ntokozo Motloung Amos Ntokozo Motloung , Mavuru Lydia , McNaught Carmel
Published: December 2021

African township schools are characterised by cultural and linguistic diversity, hence, teachers have the dual task of ensuring that learners grasp scientific concepts, while also catering for the diversity in the learners’ backgrounds. The study reported on here was aimed at investigating teachers’ beliefs and practices in teaching life sciences using English, a language that is not their own home language. The study was underpinned by a socio-constructivist perspective, emphasising how one’s personal context, including prior experiences, influences the development of beliefs about language use in life sciences classes and the manner in which teaching and learning might occur. The sample comprised 6 teachers who all spoke English as a second language. We collected the data using structured interviews to ascertain the teachers’ beliefs about the teaching of life sciences in English to Grade 11 classes, and classroom observations to identify their classroom practices. The findings indicate that the beliefs that the teachers expressed differed from their actual choices and practices in the lessons observed.
Experiences and attitudes of Setswana speaking teachers in using an indigenous African language on an online assessment platform
Authors: Moodley Maglin , Dlamini Reuben
Published: December 2021

Education in the 21st century must have a vision that will support and empower teachers to face the demands of the digital age. The use of information communication technology (ICT) in education can serve this end but ensuring access to digital resources will not address the digital disparity. Culture and language play an equally important role in exacerbating and maintaining the digital disparity as the traditional factor of access. In the study reported on here we investigated the experiences and attitudes of Setswana-speaking teachers in 3 primary schools in the North West province, South Africa, as they were exposed to online software in Setswana, an indigenous African language. Purposive sampling was used to select 7 teachers for the study. Two research questions were answered using systematic self-observation (SSO) instruments, the participant observation (PO) instrument and the in-depth interview (IDI) instrument to determine the experiences and attitudes of the teachers. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. It was found that accuracy of translation was key for adopting and using software in an African language. The teachers felt that English was the language of ICT and that African languages were not intellectual languages and did not have the capacity to be used in ICT. It is, therefore, recommended that more must be done to translate software into African languages and an effort must be made to raise the status of African languages in academic and technical fields.
Risky sexual behaviors among undergraduates of Pamo University of Medical Sciences: Exploring contributory factors and outcomes
Authors:   Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria., Osuala Eunice Ogonna , Udi Oluebubechukwu Amarachukwu , Ogbu Basil Nnaemeka , Oduali Elizabeth Nnenda Oduali
Published: December 2021

Undergraduates experience overwhelming changes and challenges that expose them to risky sexual behaviors, an act that leads to physical, psychosocial harm and its predictors contribute to lost lecture hours among campus students; hence this study aims at exploring contributory factors and outcomes of risky sexual behaviors among Nursing and Medicine students in PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria. Descriptive survey was conducted in 2019 and 280 students in their first and second year of study from the participating Departments were selected from study population of 491 using Yaro Yamanes sample size formula. Proportionate sampling technique followed by simple randomization was done. Ethical approval and consent were obtained while confidentiality and anonymity were maintained. WHO-adapted questionnaire was administered to respondents with the help of a research assistant. Data was collected using a 3-point Likert statistically-validated questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.8, analyzed and computed on Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Mean values below 2.0 were judged insignificant. Findings shows that Ignorance (x¯=2.81), lack of sex education (x¯=2.79), were among the factors that significantly influenced participant’s risky sexual behavior, however, reduced fun associated with use of condom (x¯=1.99) and equivalent of unprotected sex with trust (x¯=1.97) had insignificant impact. Interestingly, participants expressed similar outcomes of risky sexual behavior recording- sexually transmitted infection (x¯=2.80), pregnancy (x¯=2.76) abortion (x¯=2.71), out of School due to non-support by family (x¯=2.65); among others. Finally, risky sexual behavior among undergraduates affects the academic pursuit and there is need to continue reproductive health education if Sustainable Development Goals five and six will be achieved.
HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS BETWEEN JESUS COLLEGE, OXFORD, AND LLANDYSUL IN CEREDIGION: INSIGHTS FROM THE COLLEGE ARCHIVE
Authors: Haslett Simon K. , Darwall-Smith Robin
Published: December 2021

Jesus College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford, was founded in 1571 by Elizabeth I. The college has benefitted from parish patronages, with the right of advowsons, which have assisted the college's development. By the middle of the nineteenth century, the college held
twenty such advowsons, including a relationship with Llandysul parish in Ceredigion (Cardiganshire) that was established in 1680 and survived until 1944. This study uses the college archive to provide an initial investigation into the historical connections before and since 1680, so raising
awareness of the historical link with Llandysul and providing a framework for future research.
THE JUDICIAL WORK OF THE CAERNARFONSHIRE QUARTER SESSIONS DURING THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Rhydderch-Dart Daniel
Published: December 2021

The article portrays elements of life in Caernarfonshire for the period 1855 to 1865 as reflected in the files and Order Books of the county's Quarter Sessions. The study is confined to one decade and this made possible a systematic analysis of all the cases and administrative duties
of the Caernarfonshire Quarter Sessions during these years. The years chosen form part of an era described by Ieuan Gwynedd Jones as 'distinctive':2 years of progress, population movement and growing 'respectability'. He speaks of a society 'fractured and uneasy with itself'.3
Trends in convictions, causes and types of crime, perpetrators and the attitude of magistrates and the public all play their part in building a picture of a community.
TOURISM PROMOTION IN NINETEENTHCENTURY WALES: IMAGE DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING ON THE CAMBRIAN COAST
Authors: Hirst John
Published: December 2021

This article examines how small seaside towns in Meirionnydd and Caernarfonshire positioned themselves to benefit from increased tourism during the nineteenth century, and it shows how an image was developed for the region as a whole. Based on romantic scenery, this image evolved and
was sensitive to growing emphasis on comfortable accommodation, changing attitudes to health, family and recreation and to local concerns for propriety and respectability. It illustrates how local and regional marketing was linked to the railway network and provides insight into the way in
which a range of interests worked together to challenge larger resorts elsewhere for a share of the growing tourism market in the nineteenth century.
Incidence of Patterns of Bony modification of Neck of the Talus in Indian Population
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Anatomy, MVJ Medical College &Research Hospital, Hoskote, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., Nagolu Sandhya , KL Varalakshmi ,   Professor, Department of Anatomy, MVJ Medical College &Research Hospital, Hoskote, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., Sangeeta M  ,   Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, MVJ Medical College &Research Hospital, Hoskote, Bangalore, Karnataka, India., Afroze M Khizer Hussain ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, MVJ Medical College &Research Hospital, Hoskote, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
Published: December 2021

Objective: The present study is an attempt to determine the various types of bony modifications on the dorsum of the neck of the human tali of both feet due to the continuous habit of squatting in humans and correlating these findings to the existing literature. Materials and Methods: 70 tali of unknown sex, obtained from the Department of Anatomy of MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore were used for the study. The dorsal surface of talar neck was carefully examined for the presence of medial and lateral squatting facets, combined facets, continuous gutter shaped facets and extension of trochlear surface. The collected data were tabulated and percentage of each facets and trochlear extensions were calculated. Statistical analysis of data was performed. Results: Out of 70 dry human tali, lateral squatting facets were present in 29 (41.4%) bones and medial squatting facets were seen in 11 (15.7%) bones, gutter shaped facets in 12 (17.1%) tali and combined facet present in 10 (14.2%) tali. Complete absence of facet was observed in 8 tali. Lateral extension of trochlear surface on the dorsum of neck was seen in 60 (85.7%) bones and medial trochlear extension was seen in 8(11.5%) bones. Lateral squatting facets were more common on right side but medial, gutter and combined facets though less frequent were seen more on left side. Lateral extensions were more commonly seen than medial extensions. Conclusion: The knowledge of incidence of these modifications on the dorsal surfaces of neck of the talus acts as a key anthropological factor to identify the racial and regional origin of unclaimed skeleton. Hence the results of this study will be of great help for forensic experts, anthropologist who are handling the unidentified skeletons. KEY WORDS: Squatting Facets, Talus, Trochlear extensions, Sub Talar Joint Stability.
Mental foramen of Human Mandible: Morphometric Study
Authors:   Senegalese Armed Forces Health Service, Avenue des Jaambars Camp Dial DIOP BP 4042 Dakar, SENEGAL., Ndiaye M R  , Mar N B  ,   Anatomy Laboratory Iba Der THIAM University of THIES, Cité Malick SY, N2 BP: A967 Thiès, SENEGAL., Garba K Yacouba ,   Anatomy Laboratory Assane SECK University of ZIGUINCHOR, Diabir, BP 523 Ziguinchor, SENEGAL., Ndoye J M N  ,   Anatomy and Organogenesis Laboratory Cheikh Anta DIOP University of                                                                     Dakar, Faculté de Médecine UCAD, Fann BP 5005 Dakar, SENEGAL.
Published: December 2021

Aim: The aim of our study was to perform a morphometric analysis of the mental foramen in senegalese context. Material and method: The study was performed on thirty-nine dry mandibles of adult humans. On these mandibles, the number of mental foramen present and their shape were noted on inspection. The situation of the foramen in relation to the lower teeth was studied according to a methodology already described. The following measurements were made: the distance between the foramen and the other landmarks of the mandible (symphysis, basilar border, posterior border), vertical and horizontal diameters. Results: The number of mental foramina were 39 on the right and 40 on the left: one mandible presented a double foramen on the left. The oval shape was predominant. The most frequent situation was below the second premolar on both sides. The mean distance between the foramen and the mandibular symphysis was 25mm on both sides. The distance between the foramen and the basilar border of the mandible was on average 13mm on the right and 14mm on the left. The distance between the foramen and the posterior border of the mandible was on average 72mm on the right and 73mm on the left. The average vertical diameter was 33mm on the right and 32mm on the left, and the average horizontal diameter was 4mm on both sides. Conclusion: Mental foramen is a constant anatomical structure, found on all the mandibles studied. The results can be superimposed on those described in the majority of studies carried out on the mental foramen. Key words: Mental Foramen, Mandible Anatomy, Morphometry.
Variations of Cystic Duct and Its Clinical Significance
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Government Tiruvannamalai Medical College, Tiruvannamalai, Tamilnadu, India., K. Sangameswaran
Published: December 2021

Background: Cystic duct drains the bile from the gallbladder into the common bile duct. Gallstone disease is one of the most common problems affecting the digestive tract and may lead to many complications. To avoid the complications in these patients the gallbladder is removed surgically (Cholecystectomy). Ligation of cystic duct and cystic artery is a prerequisite procedure when cholecystectomy is done. Understanding about the normal anatomy & the possible variations in biliary ductal system is important for the surgeons for doing cholecystectomy surgery successfully. Errors during gallbladder surgery commonly result from failure to appreciate the common variations in the anatomy of the biliary system. Aim of the study: To find out the incidence of variations in the length, course, and termination of cystic duct in cadavers. Materials and Methods: Present study was done in 50 adult cadavers in the Department of Anatomy, Government Tiruvannamalai medical college, Tamilnadu. Meticulous dissection was done in the hepatobiliary system of these cadavers. Observations: During the study variations in the length of cystic duct, course and different modes of insertion of cystic duct were observed. Conclusion: Knowledge of variations in the length of cystic duct and knowing about different modes of course & insertion of cystic duct is necessary for surgeons while conducting cholecystectomy. The risk of iatrogenic injury is especially high in cases where the biliary anatomy is misidentified prior to surgery. KEY WORDS: Cystic duct, Gallbladder, Cholecystectomy.
Study on Morphometry of Adrenal Glands in live fetuses by Ultrasonography
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, ACSR Govt. Medical College, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India., Annamraju Maruti ram , Prasad Alka ,   Consultant Radiologist, Alka scan Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., Battalapalli Srihari Rao ,   Professor, Department of Surgery, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, SPMC(W), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India., Velichety Subhadra Devi ,   Professor, Department of Anatomy, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India., Kumar B Ravindra ,   Assistant Professor, Department Anatomy, Parul Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Development of adrenal gland is always peculiar as it involves the complex process. It has an intriguing role in the harmonious development of fetus. Ultrasonographic Studies on fetal supra renal glands help in understanding the embryology of Suprarenal glands and are also useful in obstetrics, perinatology and fetopathology. Risk factors associated in the pregnancy like maternal diabetes and hypertension could impair the growth of adrenal glands. The nomograms of adrenal glands observed by ultrasonography are of clinical importance and help us in planning prevention and management of a fetus in high-risk pregnancies. This requires a feasible and repeatable screening test. Objective: To estimate various suprarenal gland measurements such as length, width, thickness, volume, surface area, circumference, thickness of cortex and medulla Materials and methods: Present study conducted with62 live normal human fetuses of different gestational ages ranging from 20 – 40 weeks, through ultrasonographic study using real time 4D and B mode Ge Voluson 730 pro ultra sound macine. Probes used were AB-2-7 Convex 2d abdominal Probe and RABA 4-8 Convex 4D abdominal probe. After obtaining the prior permission from the institutional ethics committee, consent from pregnant woman. Sex of the fetus was not revealed during ultrasonographic study. Fetal parameters of supra-renal gland were recorded and documented. Results: Suprarenal gland length, width, thickness, cortico-medullary thickness, surface area and circumference of both right and left side revealed significant difference (p<0.01). the detailed data analysis was presented in the subsequent headings. Conclusion: The data obtained from this study, may useful to understand the suprarenal morphometry in live fetuses thus the database useful in obstetrics, perinatology and fetopathology.
A Study of Dermatoglyphic Patterns of Fingers in Patients with Myocardial Infarction
Authors:   Associate Professor of Anatomy, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, NH-45, Trichy - Chennai Road, Siruvachur – 621113, Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu, India., Arunkumar K R  , Delhiraj U  ,   Assistant Professor of Anatomy, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital, NH-45, Trichy - Chennai Road, Siruvachur – 621113, Perambalur District, Tamil Nadu, India., Dhanalakshmi V  ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Govt Thoothukudi Medical College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: December 2021

Background: The myocardial infarction (MI), the most common manifestation of coronary artery disease remains as a major cause of mortality in both developed and developing countries. The people without known major risk factors can be screened for MI with a simple and cost-effective tool which will be helpful in developing countries to reduce the mortality. Dermatoglyphic patterns in clinical conditions have been studied so far and their relationship is established in the literature. Dermatoglyphics has been considered as a diagnostic tool in many diseases with genetic bases. Hence this study is conducted to analyse the correlation between dermatoglyphic features and MI, so that dermatoglyphics may be used as screening tool for MI. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 150 MI patients diagnosed with ECG or coronary angiography who were admitted in the Institute of cardiology, Madras Medical College, Chennai after obtaining clearance from Institutional ethics committee. 150 healthy consented volunteers were included as controls. The finger prints from both groups were taken by ink method and type of fingerprint patterns and total finger ridge count (TFRC) and absolute finger ridge count (AFRC) were studied. The correlation of the findings between cases and controls were analysed with t-test and Chi-square test using SPSS 13.0. Results: The frequency of loop, arch and whorls is 54.9%, 8.3% and 36.8% respectively in MI as compared to 59.4%, 13.2% and 27.4% respectively in controls. The frequency of whorls is increased in thumb, middle finger and little finger of both hands of the MI patients when compared with controls with statistically significant difference (p<0.005). The mean value of TFRC and AFRC is increased in cases than controls and statistically significant difference was observed for AFRC. Conclusion: Thus, our study has indicated the specific fingerprint patterns in MI and we hope this knowledge can be used for screening the people without known risk factors for MI. KEY WORDS: Fingerprint, Dermatoglyphics, Myocardial infarction, early diagnosis.
An Erratic Origin of Quadratus Plantae: An Embryological Error
Authors:   Tutor, Department of Anatomy, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India., Mariappan Sobana , Anasuya. D Geeta ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India., Jeevamani MS Sheela Grace ,   Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India., MD M. Vijaianand ,   Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, India.
Published: December 2021

Background: Quadratus plantae (Flexor digitorum accessorius) is one of the plantar muscles of foot . It is present in the second layer of sole. It takes origin from calcaneus and gets inserted into the tendon of flexor digitorum longus. The main function of it is to flex the lateral four toes in any position of the ankle joint by pulling on tendons of the flexor digitorum longus. Its variations like high origin have been implicated in the causation of tarsal tunnel syndrome. Methodology and Results: In routine dissection done on 22 cadavers, we observed a bilateral variant muscle flexor digitorum accessorius longus on both right and left sides in a male cadaver. The modality of choice in diagnosing the accessory muscle is magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: The knowledge of this variation would be essential to anatomists, radiologists and also to the foot surgeons while performing posterior ankle endoscopy. KEY WORDS: Flexor digitorum Accessorius longus, Tarsal tunnel syndrome, Posterior ankle endoscopy.
A Cadaveric Study on Morphometric Features of Spleen and Splenomegaly with Accessory Spleen in Hilum
Authors:   Associate Professor, Assistant professor and & HOD, Department of Anatomy  College of Medicine and Health sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Khaleel N  , Abinet GM  ,   Associate Professor, Assistant professor and & HOD, Department of Anatomy  College of Medicine and Health sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia., Angadi A V  ,   Professor & HOD, Department of Anatomy, SSIMS & RC, Davanagere, Karnataka, India., Muralidhar P S  ,   Associate Professor of Anatomy, GIMS, Gulbarga, India., Shabiya M  ,   Associate Professor, Kasukurthi Health Care Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India., Saheb Shaik Hussain ,   Associate Professor of Anatomy, SSIMS & RC, Davanagere, India.
Published: December 2021

Background: Anatomical knowledge regarding the external morphology of the spleen is essential for surgical intervention and radiological diagnosis. Splenomegaly is defined as pathologic enlargement of the spleen measured by size or weight. A normal spleen has a craniocaudal length of no more than 12 cm and weighs less than 200 g. It is surrounded by a thin capsule. The spleen is usually not palpable unless it is enlarged; therefore, a palpable spleen is almost always abnormal. At times the spleen may be difficult to palpate, but dullness to percussion during inspiration in the area of the lower left intercostal space in the left anterior axillary line suggests splenic enlargement. Massive splenomegaly, weight >1000 g usually occurs in lymphoma, myeloproliferative disorders, visceral leishmaniasis, and malaria. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in different medical institutions, to find morphometric features, spenomegaly in cadaver during routine anatomy dissection as part of curriculum, 100 cadavers were observed to find out splenomegaly. Results: Out of 100 spleens studied, 81 cases wedge shaped spleen was the most common, followed by 12 tetrahedral shaped spleens and 7 oval shaped spleens. Average weight of the spleen was 175g. Average length of the spleen was 11.64cm, Average breadth of the spleen was 7.3cm and average thickness of spleen was 3.6cm. Out of 100 cadavers observed only one cadaver observed with massive splenomegaly with one accessory spleen in hilum. The spleen weight was 875gm, length was 18.15 cm, width was 8.65cm, thickness was 5.75cm and extended upto 7 rib and it is easily palpable below the rib cage from lumbar aspect. The cadaver was male and age around 55 years. Conclusion: The morphometric knowledge of spleen will helpful for surgeons and for understanding deceases related spleen. The knowledge of splenomegaly is important in finding splenic disorders and accessory spleen information helpful in understanding embryonic development of spleen. KEY WORDS: Splenomegaly, Spleen, Hilum of Spleen, Accessory spleen.
An Isolated Dextrogastria Simulating Diaphragmatic Rupture in a Post-Traumatic Context
Authors:   Service de Radiologie et d’Imagerie Médicale CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar Sénégal, L. G. Akpo  , N. B. Mar  ,   Anatomy laboratory, Iba Der THIAM University of Thiès, Sénégal., N. Badji  ,   Service de Radiologie et d’Imagerie Médicale CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar Sénégal, S. Barry  ,   Service de Radiologie et d’Imagerie Médicale CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar Sénégal, H. Deme  ,   Service de Radiologie et d’Imagerie Médicale CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar Sénégal,   Service de Radiologie et d’Imagerie Médicale CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar Sénégal, M. H. Toure  ,   Service de Radiologie et d’Imagerie Médicale CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar Sénégal, A. D. Diop  ,   Service de Radiologie et d’Imagerie Médicale CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar Sénégal, S. B. Diop  ,   Service de Radiologie et d’Imagerie Médicale CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar Sénégal, E. H. Niang  ,   Service de Radiologie et d’Imagerie Médicale CHU FANN, Dakar., As. Ndiaye  ,   Anatomy laboratory, Assane Seck University of Ziguinchor, Sénégal.
Published: December 2021

We report a case of isolated dextrogastria discovered in imaging a 34-years-old woman who was in the emergency department for vomiting and fluctuating right chest pain following a road accident. It was a collusion between 2 motorcycles, the patient being a rear passenger, performing a whiplash mechanism with a brief initial loss of consciousness. The day after the accident, she complained of left cervical swelling, painful with dysphagia to solids. Physical examination revealed bilateral palpebral oedema. There was a decrease in right vesicular murmurs with symmetrical tympanism towards the base of the lung. The rest of the examination was normal. The chest x-ray showed digestive loops above the liver that appeared to be located in the right intra-thoracic, suggesting in this context a diaphragmatic rupture. The OGDT and the thoraco-abdominal CT made possible to correct the diagnosis of type II dextrogastria by showing the stomach and part of the colon located on the right, above the liver, under the diaphragmatic dome which is disembowelled, pushing back the lung homolateral up. There was also a deviation of the ipsilateral thoracic esophagus in continuity with the stomach. The liver, in the right quasi-lateral position, is forced downward, extending to the lower edge of the ipsilateral flank. The other viscera kept their usual topographies. KEY WORDS: Dextrogastria, Isolated dextrogastria, Chest pain, Dysphagia.
A Case Series of Intraneural Ganglion Cyst Involving the Common Peroneal Nerve: Potential Cause for Foot Drop
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Ahmad Naved , Khan Huma Raiyan ,   Junior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, RMLIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Afroze M Khizer Hussain ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, MVJ Medical College & Research Hospital, Hoskote, Bangalore, Karnataka. India., Khan Saifer ,   Assistant professor, Department of Orthopedics, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Ansari Nisar ,   Assistant professor, Department of Orthopedics, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India., Bedmudha Karan ,   Junior Resident, Department of Orthopedics, Hind Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Published: December 2021

Background: Intraneural ganglion cysts (IGC) are non-neoplastic mucinous cysts that form when thick mucinous fluid accumulates in the epineurium of peripheral nerves, with the majority of cases occurring in the para-articular or articular areas. Case Presentation: The two cases of a 69-year-old man and a 59-year-old man who acquired peroneal nerve neuropathy as a result of an intraneural ganglion cyst are presented here. The L.L.R.M. Medical College Department of Orthopedics provided care for them. There was complete nerve recovery in all patients after substantial cyst wall dissection and secretion removal. Conclusion: An intraneural ganglion cyst and trauma may exacerbate nerve damage, despite the fact that it is difficult to detect the cyst before surgery. An early diagnosis and prophylactic actions are typically associated with better outcomes. KEY WORDS: Intraneural ganglion, Common peroneal nerve, Foot drop.
Potencial Social e Ecológico dos Espaços de Uso Público e Livres de Edificações no Município de Paranaguá-Paraná
Authors: Souza Letícia Yasmin Silva de , Tonetti Emerson Luis , Valaski Simone
Published: December 2021

As praças são espaços de uso público e livres de edificações que podem auxiliar a população no que se refere a melhora da qualidade ambiental urbana e qualidade de vida. Em um segmento urbano do município de Paranaguá, a presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de quantificar e qualificar a infraestrutura presente para inferir a potencialidade social e ecológica de cada praça. Foram selecionadas 29 praças na área central do município de Paranaguá, no litoral do Paraná. Nestas, observou-se a presença e qualidade de equipamentos, para o uso da população; materiais da cobertura do solo e cobertura pelas copas das árvores, levando em conta a potencialidade para a redução de ilhas de calor e infiltração da água no solo. Os dados coletados em campo, foram compilados em um quadro geral de análise e posteriormente transcritos para gráficos, para interpretação do potencial social e ecológico. Do total de praças, apenas 2 apresentaram baixo potencial social e ecológico. Os resultados, também demonstraram a presença de infraestrutura diversa com predominância de praças que são mais utilizadas para descanso e contemplação. Tendo como base as classes de materiais que formavam a cobertura do solo existente e o percentual de cobertura vegetal, pode-se apontar que o potencial ecológico das praças pode ser ampliado. Deve-se considerar, portanto, a possibilidade da implementação de mudanças nas praças do segmento urbano de Paranaguá para melhorar o potencial social e ecológico para atender as necessidades dos cidadãos.
Avenida Eduardo Mondlane na Cidade de Moçâmedes (Angola)
Authors: Francisco Aldino Miguel , Francisco Rosa Teresa Pilartes da Silva
Published: December 2021

O artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o estado de conservação e a utilização da avenida Eduardo Mondlane em quanto espaço público de lazer da cidade de Moçâmedes. adoudou-se como metodologia: a descrição, os inquéritos por questionários a 120 elementos, aplicação de check list (estudado por Lima, 2006) para avaliar as condições de conservação e utilização dos itens: arborização e jardim; equipamentos de lazer e animação; saneamento; iluminação; segurança; acessibilidade e sinalização. Os resultados revelaram que, avenida Eduardo Mondlane é um lugar público, aberto e de fácil acesso, congrega vários edifícios históricos no seu entorno. Quanto a conservação: arborização e jardim são adequadas ao local, avaliados como bom; os equipamentos de lazer e animação são adequados ao local, raramente funcionam, mas não estão conservados, avaliados como péssimos; o saneamento, iluminação e segurança, a estrutura do saneamento e da iluminação é adequada ao local, mas o seu estado é de não conservado, a avaliação do saneamento é a de má, a iluminação é a de razoável, e a segurança é a de má; quanto a acessibilidade e sinalização, as ruas são de fácil acesso para pessoas com diferentes mobilidades, as vias são acessíveis aos transportes públicos e particulares com paragens reservadas a avaliação foi de muito boa. Quanto a utilização: 71% dos inquiridos frequentam o local diariamente; 91% utilizam o local com a intenção de permanência, atraídos pelo conforto (46%) e sossego (26,6%); com a finalidade de desenvolver os seus negócios (37,5%) ou praticas desportivas (16,6%).
Patrimônio Residencial de Nova Friburgo O resgate da memória a partir das Vilas Operárias
Authors: Holzer Werther , Fernandes Marina Pires
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho objetiva o resgate da memória e cultura da população friburguense através do olhar da paisagem sob o patrimônio residencial de Nova Friburgo, RJ. Tendo em vista a vulnerabilidade dos imóveis residenciais acerca do processo de renovação, atribuído ao desenvolvimento da cidade e a diversidade da arquitetura dado à sua colonização suíça e alemã, e posteriormente acrescida de imigrantes outras nacionalidades, o património da cidade se mostra diversificado e presente, porém pouco preservado. A partir  dos conceitos de paisagem abordados por Augustin Berque e Pierce Lewis parte-se de uma ótica de que o patrimônio residencial compreende a base do cotidiano da população e que, por meio do olhar para essas edificações pela da definição de paisagem-marca e paisagem-matriz e os axiomas, dos respectivos autores, entende-se os processos de relação da população e a cidade, além de seu estudo e formação, e cria-se uma abordagem para a preservação desses imóveis. Busca-se trazer à superfície, por meio da habitação, o significado de patrimônio, como algo que foi preservado, não somente pelas questões estéticas mas pelo seu valor imaterial. Para isso, buscou-se criar um material que apresente essas edificações utilizando os guias da paisagem apresentados por Lewis instigando um senso crítico e de análise a respeito das mesmas, a partir de  um catálogo dos bens, com foco nas vilas operárias, dispostos por meio de um mapa interativo, que apresenta os imóveis georreferenciados, buscando suprir a lacuna de informação de forma clara e acessível.