bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A correlational study of breastfeeding duration among Saudi mothers: The role of self-efficacy, intention, and social support
Authors: Al Naseeb Nourah. M , Badr Hanan , Alghamdi Salmah
Published: April 2023

Background: Breastfeeding is an essential source of nutrition for infants and offers numerous benefits for both the mother and child. Despite the consensus on its advantages, limited research in Saudi Arabia has explored the factors influencing breastfeeding duration.
Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationships between breastfeeding self-efficacy, intention, social support, and breastfeeding duration.
Methods: The study employed a correlational research design, and data were collected from three armed forces hospitals in Taif, Saudi Arabia, from December 2020 to February 2021. The samples comprised 356 conveniently selected breastfeeding mothers, assessed using the Breastfeeding Personal Efficacy Beliefs Inventory, Modified Infant Feeding Intention Scale, and Exclusive Breastfeeding Social Support Scale. Simple linear regressions were conducted for data analysis.
Results: Breastfeeding duration was divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of mothers still breastfeeding at the time of data collection, while Group 2 comprised those who had discontinued breastfeeding. Of the total samples, 51.6% (n = 184) of mothers were classified under Group 1, while the remaining 48.4% (n = 172) were allocated to Group 2. Specifically, 78.3% of mothers had stopped breastfeeding by the time their infants were six months old, and 93.3% intended to introduce formula feeding at three months. In Group 1, the results revealed that self-efficacy (β = 0.625, p <0.001), intention (β = 0.643, p <0.001), and social support (β = 0.612, p <0.001) were positively associated with breastfeeding duration. Similarly, in Group 2, a strong positive correlation was observed between self-efficacy (β = 0.72, p <0.001), intention (β = 0.73, p <0.001), social support (β = 0.699, p <0.001), and breastfeeding duration. These three factors jointly explained 40% of the variance in breastfeeding duration in Group 1 (adjusted R² = 0.4) and 50% in Group 2 (adjusted R² = 0.5).
Conclusion: Breastfeeding intention was found to have a more significant impact on breastfeeding duration than self-efficacy and social support. These results can inform nurses and midwives in supporting breastfeeding mothers by providing them with the necessary information and increasing their awareness of breastfeeding-related factors.
Factors influencing intention to plagiarize among nursing students in the Philippines
Authors: Debuque Mary Bless G. , Dofitas John Bernard A. , Espia Dorothy Arlene Paz P. , Ferrariz Trixie Camille R. , Gargarita Francis John P. , Oducado Ryan Michael F.
Published: April 2023

Background: Plagiarism is an ethical concern among students but is insufficiently discussed and acknowledged in some educational institutions. Determining what factors influence plagiarism can help the academic community manage its incidence.
Objective: This study determined the factors affecting the intention to plagiarize among Filipino nursing students.
Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional research design, data were gathered from 304 nursing students last June 2021 using valid instruments administered online. Regression analysis identified influencing factors of intention to plagiarize.
Results: Findings indicated a generally low intention (M = 1.47, SD = 0.74) to plagiarize among nursing students. Internet literacy (B = -0.314, p <0.001), attitude (B = 0.257, p <0.001), moral obligation (B = -0.236, p <0.001), past behavior (B = 0.139, p <0.001), and subjective norm (B = -0.095, p = -0.001) influenced nursing students’ plagiarism intention.
Conclusion: Several interrelated factors play major roles in nursing students’ tendency to plagiarize. Creating an educational environment that does not favor the unethical practice of plagiarism is recommended for nursing schools.
Ölü gömme gelenekleri ışığında kimliklendirme: Güç, statü ve cinsiyet
Authors: YILMAZ Derya
Published: April 2023

Bu çalışmanın konusunu, ölü gömme gelenekleri ışığında Anadolu’da güç, cinsiyet ve statünün nasıl belirleneceği oluşturmaktadır. Neolitik Çağ’dan Demir Çağı sonuna kadarki zaman diliminde Anadolu’da Neolitik kafatası kültü; mezar türü ve buluntuları açısından Erken Tunç Çağı basit toprak mezar, oda mezarları, kralî nitelikli mezarlarda merasim, şiddet izleri içeren toplu gömme gibi farklı mezar grupları; Demir Çağı’nda kaya mezarları ve tümülüsler örneklem olarak incelenmiştir. Bunlar olasılık dışı örnekleme yöntemlerinden amaçlı (kastî) örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak seçilmiştir. Bu çerçevede Anadolu’da ölü gömme gelenekleriyle ilgili literatür ve biyoarkeolojik çalışmalar ile sosyal antropoloji açısından güç, statü ve cinsiyetin belirlenmesi ile ilgili literatür araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, ölü gömme gelenekleri ışığında bireyin kimliklendirme sürecinde cinsiyet, güç ve statünün belirlenmesine yönelik bir yaklaşım geliştirmektir. Ölü gömme geleneklerinin geçmiş toplulukları anlamada ve bireyi kimliklendirmede önemi kafatası kültü, mezar türleri, saygınlık nesneleri, toplu gömme (şiddet izleri), gömme merasimine dair kanıtlar, biyoarkeoloji, arkeotanatoloji, osteobiyografi ve aDNA analizleri ışığında değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, kimliklerin belirlenmesinde mezar buluntularının doğru okunması büyük önem taşımaktadır. Her mezar veya birey farklı özellikler taşımaktadır. Mezarın ait olduğu kültürün de iyi anlaşılması, mezar buluntularını manâlandırma sürecinde önemlidir. Bireyi kimliklendirmede aynı kültürdeki mezar türü, konum ve buluntuların karşılaştırılması yardımcı olmaktadır. Ayrıca, etnografik veriler, ilksel topluluklardaki benzer uygulamalar ışığında, bazı uygulamaların anlaşılmasında önemli bir kaynaktır. Bireyin kimliklendirilmesinde, bir mezarda gömme öncesi, gömme esnası ve sonrasındaki sürecin iyi anlaşılabilmesi için başta arkeoloji bilimleri ve antropoloji olmak üzere disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşıma ihtiyaç olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Analisis Technical Immersion pada Film Animasi Berbasis Virtual Reality “Crow The Legend”
Authors: Kusumo W Eko Cahyo , Grahita Banung
Published: April 2023

Abstrak Film konvensional menggunakan aspek cerita dan aspek sinematografi untuk membangun penceritaan visual dalam film. Pada film VR, terdapat pengalaman imersif yang dapat mengurangi fokus penonton pada konten cerita. Film animasi Crow: The Legend (2018) merupakan animasi yang memiliki penceritaan visual yang dinilai berhasil menyeimbangkan sisi imersif dan storytelling, salah satunya karena memenangkan penghargaan di kategori Immersive Storytelling Narrative VR di My Hero Film Festival 2018.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana aspek sinematografi yang biasa digunakan dalam film konvensional, digunakan untuk penceritaan visual dalam film animasi VR Crow: The Legend. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan analisis data menggunakan teori aspek sinematografi dan aspek imersif. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori Technical Immersion (Elmenzeny, 2018). Peneliti menemukan bahwa aspek sinematografi yang dibagi menjadi; sudut pandang, continuity, cutting, komposisi dan tata cahaya yang disesuaikan dengan aspek Technical Immersion dapat diadaptasi untuk penggunaan dalam film VR. Kata kunci: animasi, immersion, sinematografi, virtual reality AbstractConventional films use story and cinematographic aspects to build visual storytelling in films. In VR movies, there is an immersive experience that can reduce the audience's focus on the story content. The animated film Crow: The Legend (2018) is an animation that has a visual storytelling that is considered successful in balancing the immersive and storytelling sides, one of which is because it won an award in the Immersive Storytelling Narrative VR category at My Hero Film Festival 2018. This study aims to examine how the cinematographic aspects which are commonly used in conventional films are used for visual storytelling in the animated film VR Crow: The Legend. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data analysis using the theory of cinematographic aspects and immersive aspects. The analysis was carried out using the Technical Immersion theory (Elmenzeny,2018). The researcher found that cinematography aspects which were divided into point of view, continuity, cutting, composition and lighting adapted to Technical Immersion aspects could be adapted for use in VR films. Keywords: animation, cinematography, immersion, virtual reality
Nineteenth-Century Palestine and the British Imperial Imagination: James Silk Buckingham and the Politics of Private Dissent
Authors: Sakhnini Mohammad
Published: April 2023

This article studies the account of travels in Palestine by one of the most controversial travel writers in early nineteenth century Britain, James Silk Buckingham, whose life, career, and writings sparked a political storm. Buckingham criticised British imperial and missionary activities in the East through his journalism and travel books which reached large audiences. He was the first writer in nineteenth century Britain to use a travel narrative about Palestine as a medium to develop and express liberal, anti-colonial attitudes at a time when Britain’s imperial stock in the Middle East was on the rise. While in Palestine, Buckingham uncovered evidence that confirmed and justified his liberal views. He exposed the hypocrisy of missionary activities and undermined the rising calls in Britain for restoring the Jews. He did not call for possessing the land and reconstituting it anew; nor did he see it, as his countryman the Earl of Shaftesbury did, as an empty land needing the restoration of its original Jewish possessors. Yet the fact that he saw the land as a repository of religious fanaticism to which all religions contributed indicate his limited understanding of the diverse communities of Palestine. As this article shows, Palestine, in Buckingham’s travelogue, constituted a test case, a laboratory for testing anti-colonial and liberal ideals rather than a land of invested identities and ways of life of equal worth to those in Europe.
THE COUP D’ETAT IN FRANCE AND PETAIN’S RISE TO POWER
Authors:   Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, DERBASOV MIKHAIL ,   GBU Resource Center for Guardianship and Guardianship «Assistance» Specialty of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2023

The defeat of France in 1940 led to the fall of the Third Republic and the creation of the Petain (or Vichy) regime. It is generally believed that the coup took place on July 10, but in fact it happened on June 16, when Petain replaced Reynaud as head of the French government. Moreover, the first steps towards the coup were taken a month earlier, in the second half of May, after the appointment of Petain as deputy head of government, and several of his supporters to other key posts. This article is written in order to prove this on the basis of factual material. The content of the article also shows that, in addition to the generally recognized reasons (the country's unreadiness for a «new type of war», the strong positions of defeatists of different political orientations, etc.), the position of Britain and the United States towards France also played a role in the coup: the former, after Dunkirk, actually left France to its fate, the public opinion of the latter has not yet matured before joining the war. At the same time, the results of the work allow us to reconsider some of the existing points of view on the Vichy government: despite a number of analogies with the Nazi coup of 1933. In Germany, the Petain regime was not completely totalitarian, although it was a kind of «conservative revolution».
THE RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE CRAFT WORKSHOP IN RELATION TO «ARTS AND SCIENCES»
Authors:   Ural Federal University the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, AZARENKO SERGEY , KELLER ANDREI
Published: April 2023

The well-established formula of «sciences and arts» contained the main principle of the knowledge structure of the eighteenth century, i.e. the combination of science and practice, science and technology, which meant a special place for the craft workshop as an experimental production space. At the same time, craft workshops, i.e. art chambers at the Academy of Sciences, turned into experimental laboratories of their time, where experimental science took shape. It marked the beginning of the industrial revolution, where fundamental (theory) and applied (practice) science in the development of industry and the entire economy played a decisive role. Peter I started a trend that is clearly visible today, which aimed to promote scientific achievements for the sphere of industry, using the creative potential of scientists, “artists”, artisans, and those referred to as technologists and engineers today. The study employs the methods of social topology.
DERBENT IN THE ECONOMIC PLANS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN 1722-1735 (ON THE 300TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PERSIAN CAMPAIGN OF PETER I)
Authors:   National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russian Federation, BOGATYREV EDUARD , ABDUSALAMOV MAGOMED-PASHA ,   Dagestan State University of National Economy, Makhachkala, Russian Federation
Published: April 2023

The article examines the measures of the Russian government for the economic modernization of the city of Derbent based on the analysis of documents and special historical literature. Derbent, thanks to the measures of the Russian administration, became not only the administrative and political, but also the economic center of the North-Eastern Caucasus in 1722-1735. It is emphasized that through the efforts of the Russian authorities in the period under review, a state-owned palace farm was created in Derbent, providing supplies of wine, grapes, fruits, vegetables, etc. to the imperial court. It is stated that the work carried out by the Russian government on the reconstruction of the commercial harbor in Derbent has further intensified commercial shipping on the Caspian Sea. Derbent has entered the sphere of international transit trade on the western coast of the Caspian Sea. It is concluded that, despite the inconsistency of individual projects, the comprehensive measures of the Russian authorities for the economic modernization of Derbent as a whole have yielded tangible results.
GUARANTEED LOANS OF FAR EASTERN JOINT-STOCK COMPANIES IN THE 1920S-30S
Authors:   Ryazan State Radio Engineering University named after V. F. Utkin, Ryazan, Russian Federation, SOKOLOV ALEKSANDR , GOLITSYN YURY ,   Moscow exchange, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the study. The article examines the use of stock market instruments by the Soviet government for the development of certain industries during the period of accelerated industrialization. Among the Soviet securities issued in the 1920s and 1930s, corporate securities occupy an important place. The article analyzes the experience of issuing and selling loans of Far Eastern companies intended for placement on the foreign market. The source base was documents stored in the Russian State Archive of Economics. These documents are devoted to the history of issuing two loans of the Ussuri Railway and two loans of the Joint-Stock Kamchatka Company. Conclusions. The bond loans of the Ussuri Railway and the Kamchatka Joint Stock Company played an important role in the attempt to break the financial and economic blockade of the USSR. In the conditions of a difficult foreign policy situation in the Far East, the bonds of these loans have been used for a long time in economic life.
PREFERENCES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AGRICULTURAL TAX IN THE URALS IN THE EARLY 1930S
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk state technical University, Magnitogorsk, Russian Federation, FILATOV VLADIMIR
Published: April 2023

The research is devoted to an important topic for historical, economic, and legal science, the implementation of the agrarian policy of the Soviet state in the countryside with the help of an agricultural tax in the initial period of mass collectivization. In scientific works on this problem, it can be noted that there is insufficient study of certain aspects of taxation, especially at the regional level. Therefore, the study of the main provisions of the legislation on agricultural tax and its application in the largest Ural region at that time will make it possible to fill in the existing gaps in science, to determine the place and role of taxation in collectivization. The purpose of the article is to reveal the peculiarities of agricultural taxation in the Urals in the early 1930s, to identify benefits for individual agricultural producers. The object of the study was individual peasant farms, personal subsidiary farms of collective farmers and collective farms, and the subject was the actual application of agricultural tax. The article uses both general scientific methods and historical-genetic, comparative and other methods of historical research. Taxation indicators in the Urals were compared with data for the country in order to identify the peculiarities of the region. The analysis of documentary materials showed how the authorities prioritized the taxation of the village, what a negative impact this tax had on the situation of individual farms, primarily the well-to-do. Dispossession, the decline in the production of agricultural products, the ruin of peasant farmsteads, the forced entry of peasants into collective farms that had preferences in taxation, were the result of socialist transformations in agriculture.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE CITIES OF KHANTY-MANSIYSK AUTONOMOUS OKRUG - YUGRA IN 1992-2020
Authors:   Surgut State University, Surgut, Russian Federation, DZHARCHYEV TURAL
Published: April 2023

The purpose of the work is to analyze changes in the engineering infrastructure of the KhMAO during the Post-Soviet period, over the last decade especially. A large number of serious positive results have been achieved after the infrastructure’s was somewhat launching in the previous time. This also applies to water supply, renewal of water supply networks and improvement of water quality, and water treatment. Although a large number of significant problems with water supply (water pollution by oil-producing organizations, outdated equipment and cleaning techniques) has been continued, it is impossible for anybody don’t notice the successes in the struggle for the quality of drinking water in the district, which has gradually improved. In the power supply, the deterioration of electrical networks had a particularly negative significance for the economic consumption of electricity and the ecological state of the region. The creation of autonomous power generation systems at remote enterprises and in settlements was carried out too. The situation with the renewal of gas pipelines and the level of gasification in the region has also improved markedly. The wear of heating systems also began to decrease. In a number of cities, oil and coal as fuel in boiler houses were replaced with gas, heat losses decreased, etc. The Smart City program played a large role here as well, although in majority of branches it is mainly used only in several cities (including four «pilot» and two anther using it in partly) yet; a number of other problems has remained too.
Menelaah Signifikansi Penerapan PSAK 72 pada Kinerja Keuangan
Authors: Risma Esta Yuliati  , Utami Puji Lestari  , Indianik Aminah
Published: April 2023

Study of PSAK 72’s Significance Application to Financial PerformancePurpose: Determine the impact on financial performance as a result of implementing revenue recognition based on the new standard PSAK 72.
Method: Quantitative descriptive method and non-probability purposive sampling techniques.
Results: Based on PSAK 72, income from export still can be recognized because there is only a temporary difference due to the timing of revenue recognition with performance obligations that can be completed in less than one year. PSAK 72 does not have a significant impact on the company’s financial performance, but also no better than PSAK 23 as the previous standard.
Novelty: The study presents the results of PSAK 72 significance application of a new standard of revenue recognition replacing previous standard PSAK 23.
Contribution: Help companies especially LQ45 to find out the impact of PSAK 72 on export revenue.
Menelaah Signifikansi Penerapan PSAK 72 pada Kinerja Keuangan
Tujuan: Mengetahui dampak pada kinerja keuangan sebagai akibat dari penerapan pengakuan pendapatan berdasarkan pedoman baru PSAK 72.
Metode: Metode deskriptif kuantitatif dan teknik pengambilan sampel non-probability purposive sampling.
Hasil: Berdasarkan PSAK 72 pendapatan ekspor tetap dapat diakui karena hanya terdapat perbedaan sementara akibat waktu pengakuan pendapatan dengan kewajiban pelaksanaan yang dapat diselesaikan kurang dari satu tahun. PSAK 72 tidak memberikan dampak signifikan pada kinerja keuangan perusahaan, tetapi juga tidak lebih baik dibanding PSAK 23 sebagai standar sebelumnya.
Kebaruan: Penelitian menyajikan hasil penelaahan signifikansi PSAK 72 sebagai standar baru pengakuan pendapatan menggantikan standar sebelumnya PSAK 23.
Kontribusi: Membantu perusahaan khususnya perusahaan LQ45 untuk mengetahui dampak PSAK 72 terhadap pendapatan ekspor.
The Role of Variance Analysis as a Project Costs Controlling Tool
Authors: Hikmahwati  , Aliffa Yulianti Muslimah
Published: April 2023

The Role of Variance Analysis as a Project Costs Controlling ToolPurpose: To analyse the role of variance analysis as a cost control tool for controlling project costs which was implemented during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Method: Quantitative with a case study approach.
Result: Variance analysis can be used as a cost control tool for Road Rehabilitation projects during the Covid-19 pandemic. Using variance analysis, it can be seen that the existence of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the company's operating costs, indicated by the presence of unfavorable and favorable projects.
Novelty: Variance analysis can be used to identify areas where project cost deviations occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Contribution: Management can use variance analysis to anticipate significant cost changes in the construction sector
Peran Analisis Varians Sebagai Alat Pengendalian Biaya ProyekTujuan: mengkaji peran analisis varians sebagai alat pengendalian biaya proyek  yang pelaksanaannya terjadi pada pandemi Covid-19.
Metode: Kuantitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus.
Hasil: Variance analysis bisa digunakan sebagai alat pengendalian biaya proyek Rehabilitasi Jalan pada saat pandemic Covid-19. penggunaan variance analisis dapat dilihat bahwa keberadaan Pandemi Covid-19 telah memengaruhi biaya operasional perusahaan, ditunjukkan dengan adanya varians tidak menguntungkan dan menguntungkan dalam pelaksanaan proyek. 
Kebaruan: Analisis varians bisa digunakan sebagai idintifikasi area mana yang terjadinya penyimpangan biaya proyek saat pandemi Covid-19.
Kontribusi: Pihak manajemen bisa menggunakan variance analysis untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya perubahan biaya yang signifikan di sektor konstruksi.
Hemma i världen
Authors: Spedito Alessia , Österman Linnea , Ulvebring Isa
Published: April 2023

Hej och välkomna till vår blogg! Vi är tre studenter som läser kandidatprogrammet Språk, litteratur och medier på Linköpings universitet. Bloggen är ett projekt inom kursen "Att publicera i den medierade offentligheten".
Optimization of calcium carbonate precipitation during alpha-amylase enzyme-induced calcite precipitation (EICP)
Authors: Albenayyan Norah , Murtaza Mobeen , Alarifi Sulaiman A. , Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Humam Abdulmohsen , AlAhmari Manar M. , Khalil Amjad , Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: April 2023

The sand production during oil and gas extraction poses a severe challenge to the oil and gas companies as it causes erosion of pipelines and valves, damages the pumps, and ultimately decreases production. There are several solutions implemented to contain sand production including chemical and mechanical means. In recent times, extensive work has been done in geotechnical engineering on the application of enzyme-induced calcite precipitation (EICP) techniques for consolidating and increasing the shear strength of sandy soil. In this technique, calcite is precipitated in the loose sand through enzymatic activity to provide stiffness and strength to the loose sand. In this research, we investigated the process of EICP using a new enzyme named alpha-amylase. Different parameters were investigated to get the maximum calcite precipitation. The investigated parameters include enzyme concentration, enzyme volume, calcium chloride (CaCl2) concentration, temperature, the synergistic impact of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and CaCl2, Xanthan Gum, and solution pH. The generated precipitate characteristics were evaluated using a variety of methods, including Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the pH, temperature, and concentrations of salts significantly impact the precipitation. The precipitation was observed to be enzyme concentration-dependent and increase with an increase in enzyme concentration as long as a high salt concentration was available. Adding more volume of enzyme brought a slight change in precipitation% due to excessive enzymes with little or no substrate available. The optimum precipitation (87%) was yielded at 12 pH and with 2.5 g/L of Xanthan Gum as a stabilizer at a temperature of 75°C. The synergistic effect of both CaCl2 and MgCl2 yielded the highest CaCO3 precipitation (32.2%) at (0.6:0.4) molar ratio. The findings of this research exhibited the significant advantages and insights of alpha-amylase enzyme in EICP, enabling further investigation of two precipitation mechanisms (calcite precipitation and dolomite precipitation).
Expression of non-phosphorylatable S5A-L-plastin exerts phenotypes distinct from L-plastin deficiency during podosome formation and phagocytosis
Authors: Lin Xue , Krishnamoorthy Praveen , Walker Emma C. , Joshi Hemant , Morley Sharon Celeste
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The actin cytoskeleton remodels to enable diverse processes essential to immunity, such as cell adhesion, migration and phagocytosis. A panoply of actin-binding proteins regulate these rapid rearrangements to induce actin-based shape changes and to generate force. L-plastin (LPL) is a leukocyte-specific, actin-bundling protein that is regulated in part by phosphorylation of the Ser-5 residue. LPL deficiency in macrophages impairs motility, but not phagocytosis; we recently found that expression of LPL in which the S5 residue is converted to a non-phosphorylatable alanine (S5A-LPL) resulted in diminished phagocytosis, but unimpaired motility.

Methods: To provide mechanistic insight into these findings, we now compare the formation of podosomes (an adhesive structure) and phagosomes in alveolar macrophages derived from wild-type (WT), LPL-deficient, or S5A-LPL mice. Both podosomes and phagosomes require rapid remodeling of actin, and both are force-transmitting. Actin rearrangement, force generation, and signaling rely upon recruitment of many actin-binding proteins, including the adaptor protein vinculin and the integrin-associated kinase Pyk2. Prior work suggested that vinculin localization to podosomes was independent of LPL, while Pyk2 was displaced by LPL deficiency. We therefore chose to compare vinculin and Pyk2 co-localization with F-actin at sites of adhesion of phagocytosis in AMs derived from WT, S5A-LPL or LPL−/− mice, using Airyscan confocal microscopy.

Results: As described previously, podosome stability was significantly disrupted by LPL deficiency. In contrast, LPL was dispensable for phagocytosis and was not recruited to phagosomes. Recruitment of vinculin to sites of phagocytosis was significantly enhanced in cells lacking LPL. Expression of S5A-LPL impeded phagocytosis, with reduced appearance of ingested bacteria-vinculin aggregates.

Discussion: Our systematic analysis of the regulation of LPL during podosome vs. phagosome formation illuminates essential remodeling of actin during key immune processes.
Sedimentary cover and structural trends affecting the groundwater flow in the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System: Inferences from geophysical, field and geochemical data
Authors: Mohamed Ahmed , Alarifi Saad S. , Abdelrady Ahmed
Published: April 2023

This study combined gravity data from the Earth Gravitational Model (EGM2008) with other data to better understand the spatial variations of the sedimentary cover and the structural trends that affect groundwater flow in the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System. Our findings were verified and evidenced by geological, geochronological, geochemical data, and earthquake records: 1) The Uweinat-Aswan basement uplift, which runs east-west, partially isolates the Dakhla subbasin from the shallower northern Sudan subbasin, and thereby impeding the south-to-north groundwater flow from northern Sudan platform to the Dakhla subbasin; 2) A thickening of the sedimentary cover in the NE-SW direction from the southern Kufra through the northern Kufra to the Dakhla subbasin; 3) The sedimentary cover was found to increase from less than 500 m in the south (Northern Sudan and Uweinat region) to more than 6 km in the north (Mediterranean coast); 4) A number of structural trends (NE-SW, N-S, E-W, and NW-SE) affecting the region; 5) A large Pelusium megashear system that runs northeast to southwest makes it easier for groundwater to flow from the Kufra subbasin to the Dakhla subbasin; 6) Along the paths that groundwater takes, like from Siwa to Qattara and from northwest Farafra to north Bahariya, and along structures that run in the same direction as the flow, a progressive increase in 36Cl groundwater ages were observed; 7) It is a better way to learn about the hydrogeological context of large aquifers and figure out how to best manage these underground water sources.
Differential effects of chronotype on physical activity and cognitive performance in older adults
Authors: Hicks Hilary , Meyer Kayla , Watts Amber
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Chronotypes reflect individuals' preferred activity and sleep patterns (e.g., “morning-types” vs. “evening-types”) and are associated with health and physical activity. Less is known about the relationship between chronotype and cognitive health in older adults. It is unclear whether chronotype's influence is driven by sleep timing or disruption. This study explored the relationship between chronotype, physical activity, and cognitive performance in older adults with and without self-reported sleep disorders.

Methods

Participants were 153 older adults (M = 70.35, SD = 5.89) who wore an Actigraph on the non-dominant wrist for seven days to measure total physical activity, peak physical activity, and chronotype (sleep interval midpoint). We categorized participants as morning-, evening-, and intermediate-chronotypes and assessed cognitive performance in domains of attention, executive function, and verbal memory.

Results

MANCOVAs showed patterns of activity across the 24-hour day differed between chronotypes such that morning-types were active earlier and evening-types active later, ps > .001. Total physical activity and average peak activity did not differ between chronotypes, (ps ≥ .117). Timing of peak activity followed expectations (morning-types peaked earliest (p = .019). Evening-types exhibited significantly worse executive function and attention than intermediate-types, p = .008. When excluding participants with sleep disorders, evening-types engaged in significantly less total physical activity than other groups, but cognitive performance did not differ.

Discussion

We found no differences in total or peak physical activity between groups, which is inconsistent with findings from studies in younger samples. This suggests the role of chronotype on physical activity may change with age and points to the potential impact of methodological discrepancies. While evening-types exhibited worse executive function and attention performance, this finding disappeared when participants with sleep disorders were excluded. Sleep dysregulation rather than sleep timing may be driving this difference. Recent trends in physical activity research explore activity patterns across the 24-hour day and acknowledge codependence between different activity types. Our findings suggest chronotype and activity timing may be important as researchers advance this line of research in older adults.
A forest fire smoke detection model combining convolutional neural network and vision transformer
Authors: Zheng Ying , Zhang Gui , Tan Sanqing , Yang Zhigao , Wen Dongxin , Xiao Huashun
Published: April 2023

Forest fires seriously jeopardize forestry resources and endanger people and property. The efficient identification of forest fire smoke, generated from inadequate combustion during the early stage of forest fires, is important for the rapid detection of early forest fires. By combining the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Lightweight Vision Transformer (Lightweight ViT), this paper proposes a novel forest fire smoke detection model: the SR-Net model that recognizes forest fire smoke from inadequate combustion with satellite remote sensing images. We collect 4,000 satellite remote sensing images, 2,000 each for clouds and forest fire smoke, from Himawari-8 satellite imagery located in forest areas of China and Australia, and the image data are used for training, testing, and validation of the model at a ratio of 3:1:1. Compared with existing models, the proposed SR-Net dominates in recognition accuracy (96.9%), strongly supporting its superiority over benchmark models: MobileNet (92.0%), GoogLeNet (92.0%), ResNet50 (84.0%), and AlexNet (76.0%). Model comparison results confirm the accuracy, computational efficiency, and generality of the SR-Net model in detecting forest fire smoke with high temporal resolution remote sensing images.
Rare primary dyslipidaemias associated with low LDL and HDL cholesterol values in Portugal
Authors: Alves Ana Catarina , Miranda Beatriz , Moldovan Oana , Santo Raquel Espírito , Gouveia Silva Raquel , Soares Cardoso Sandra , Diogo Luísa , Seidi Mónica , Sequeira Silvia , Bourbon Mafalda
Published: April 2023

Background: Dyslipidaemia represents a group of disorders of lipid metabolism, characterized by either an increase or decrease in lipid particles, usually associated with triglycerides, LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and/or HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Most hyperlipidaemias and HDL deficiencies confer an increased cardiovascular risk, while hypolipidaemia, such as abeta or hypobetalipoproteinemia, may present different manifestations ranging from poor weight progression to neurological manifestations. The aim of this study is to present 7 cases with rare dyslipidaemias associated with low LDL or low HDL cholesterol values, referred to our laboratory for the genetic identification of the cause of the dyslipidaemia.

Methods: Lipid profile was determined for each individual in an automated equipment Integra Cobas (Roche). Molecular analysis was performed by NGS with a target panel of 57 genes involved in lipid metabolism (Sure select QXT, Agilent) and samples were run in a NextSEQ Sequencer (Illumina). Only genes associated to rare forms of low HDL-c or LDL-c were analysed for this work, namely: ABCA1, APOA1, LCAT, SCARB1, APOB, PCSK9, MTTP, SAR1B, and ANGPTL3. All rare variants (MAF<5%) found in these genes were confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

Results and discussion: This study includes 7 index cases (IC), with the following clinical diagnoses: Fish Eye Disease (1), Hypoalphalipoproteinemia (1) and Abetalipoproteinemia (ABL) / Familial Hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL) (5). We have identified one IC with a compound heterozygosity in LCAT causing Fish Eye Disease and one IC with a variant in ABCA1 in homozygosity causing Tangier disease. We found variants causing homozygous FHBL in 2 IC, one of whom has an undescribed pathogenic variant in homozygosity in APOB (c.12087+1G>A) and the other is a possible compound heterozygous for APOB variants c.2604+1G>A and c.4651C>T/p.(Gln1551*). In two patients only a variant in heterozygosity (c.3365delG/p.(Gly1122Vfs*62) and c.11095A>T/p.(Arg3699*)). In the remaining patient, no variants were identified. NGS proved to be a fundamental key for genetic testing of rare lipid disorders, allowing us to find the genetic cause of disease in 6/7 patients with low HDL-c and LDL-c. Patients with these rare conditions should be identified as early as possible in order to minimize or prevent clinical manifestations. The unsolved case is still under investigation.
Reprogramming viral immune evasion for a rational design of next-generation vaccines for RNA viruses
Authors: Su Chia-Ming , Du Yijun , Rowland Raymond R. R. , Wang Qiuhong , Yoo Dongwan
Published: April 2023

Type I interferons (IFNs-α/β) are antiviral cytokines that constitute the innate immunity of hosts to fight against viral infections. Recent studies, however, have revealed the pleiotropic functions of IFNs, in addition to their antiviral activities, for the priming of activation and maturation of adaptive immunity. In turn, many viruses have developed various strategies to counteract the IFN response and to evade the host immune system for their benefits. The inefficient innate immunity and delayed adaptive response fail to clear of invading viruses and negatively affect the efficacy of vaccines. A better understanding of evasion strategies will provide opportunities to revert the viral IFN antagonism. Furthermore, IFN antagonism-deficient viruses can be generated by reverse genetics technology. Such viruses can potentially serve as next-generation vaccines that can induce effective and broad-spectrum responses for both innate and adaptive immunities for various pathogens. This review describes the recent advances in developing IFN antagonism-deficient viruses, their immune evasion and attenuated phenotypes in natural host animal species, and future potential as veterinary vaccines.
Lumbar posterior group muscle degeneration: Influencing factors of adjacent vertebral body re-fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty
Authors: Chen Ming , Yang Cekai , Cai Zhuoyan , Liu Youtao , Liu Hao , Cui Jianchao , Yao Zhensong , Chen Yuan
Published: April 2023

Objective

The purpose of the study was to explore the influencing factors of adjacent vertebral re-fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) for osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 55 patients with adjacent vertebral re-fracture after PVP operation for OVCFs in our hospital from January 2016 to June 2019, they were followed up for 1 year and included in the fracture group. According to the same inclusion and exclusion criteria, we collected the clinical data of 55 patients with OVCFs without adjacent vertebral re-fracture after PVP in the same period and included them in the non-fracture group. We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis on the influencing factors of adjacent vertebral re-fracture in patients with OVCFs after PVP.

Results

There were significant differences in body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD) T-value, amount of bone cement injected, bone cement leakage, history of glucocorticoid use, cross-sectional area (CSA), cross-sectional area asymmetry (CSAA), fat infiltration rate (FIR), and fat infiltration rate asymmetry (FIRA) of lumbar posterior group muscles [multifidus (MF) and erector spinae (ES)] between the two groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in sex, age, or time from the first fracture to operation, the CAS, CSAA, FIR, and FIRA of psoas major (PS) between the two groups (p > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that a higher dose of bone cement, greater CSAA and FIR of multifidus, and higher CSAA of erector spinae were independent risk factors for recurrent fractures of adjacent vertebrae after PVP.

Conclusion

There are many risk factors for recurrent vertebral fracture after PVP in patients with OVCFs, and degeneration of paraspinal muscles (especially posterior lumbar muscles) may be one of the risks.
Enhanced recovery after surgery program alleviates neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients undergoing gynecological surgery
Authors: Xing Naidong , Wang Hongyan , Huang Yan , Peng Jin
Published: April 2023

Background

To evaluate the efficacy of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs on the systemic inflammatory response (SIR) of patients following gynecological surgery, a randomized controlled trial was performed to compare the ERAS programs with the conventional perioperative care programs. Furthermore, novel SIR markers could be identified to evaluate the ERAS programs of gynecological surgery.

Methods

Patients undergoing gynecological surgery were randomly allocated to either the ERAS group or the conventional group. The correlations between the elements of ERAS protocols and SIR markers following gynecological surgery were evaluated.

Results

A total of 340 patients who underwent gynecological surgery were enrolled (ERAS = 170; conventional = 170). First, we identified whether the ERAS programs after gynecological surgery reduced the perioperative difference between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Interestingly, first flatus time postoperatively, visual analog scale (VAS) score of patients was positively correlated with the perioperative difference NLR or PLR. Moreover, we discovered that the perioperative difference NLR or PLR was correlated with elements of ERAS protocol, including first sips of water, first semifluid diet postoperatively, pelvic drain duration, and out-of-bed time of patients.

Conclusion

We originally reveal that certain elements of ERAS programs alleviated SIR to operation. The implementation of ERAS programs enhances postoperative recovery after gynecological surgery via improving system inflammatory status. NLR or PLR could be the novel and inexpensive marker to assess ERAS programs in gynecological surgery.

Clinical trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier, NCT03629626.
Pathogenesis and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis from the perspective of sinonasal epithelial dysfunction
Authors: He Yuanqiong , Fu Yijie , Wu Yuqi , Zhu Tianmin , Li Hui
Published: April 2023

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a clinical syndrome primarily characterized by long-term mucosal inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinuses. The pathogenesis of CRS is still unclear due to its high heterogeneity. A number of studies have recently focused on the sinonasal epithelium. Thus, there has been a quantum leap in awareness of the role of the sinonasal epithelium, which is now understood as an active functional organ rather than simply an inert mechanical barrier. Undoubtedly, epithelial dysfunction plays a vital role in the onset and development of CRS.

Objective

In this article, we discuss the potential contribution of sinonasal epithelium dysfunction to CRS pathogenesis and explore a few current and developing therapeutic options targeting the sinonasal epithelium.

Results

Impaired mucociliary clearance (MCC) and an abnormal sinonasal epithelial barrier are usually considered to be the main causative factors in CRS. Epithelial-derived bioactive substances, such as cytokines, exosomes, and complements, play a vital role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity and contribute to the pathophysiological alterations of CRS. The phenomena of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), mucosal remodeling, and autophagy observed in CRS offer some novel insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. In addition, existing treatment options targeting disorder of sinonasal epithelium can help to relieve the main symptoms associated with CRS to some extent.

Conclusion

The presence of a normal epithelium is fundamental for maintaining homeostasis in the nasal and paranasal sinuses. Here, we describe various aspects of the sinonasal epithelium and highlight the contributions of epithelial dysfunction to CRS pathogenesis. Our review provides sound evidence of the need for in-depth study of the pathophysiological alterations of this disease and for the development of novel epithelium-targeting alternative treatments.
Diversity of endosymbionts in camellia spiny whitefly, Aleurocanthus camelliae (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), estimated by 16S rRNA analysis and their biological implications
Authors: Tan Yanni , Gong Bing , Zhang Qiuqiu , Li Changkun , Weng Junyi , Zhou Xia , Jin Linhong
Published: April 2023

Camellia spiny whitefly, Aleurocanthus camelliae (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a major pest in tea, which poses a serious threat to tea production. Similar to many insects, various bacterial symbioses inside A. camelliae may participate in the reproduction, metabolism, and detoxification of the host. However, few reports included research on the microbial composition and influence on A. camelliae growth. We first applied high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region in the 16S rRNA of symbiotic bacteria to study its component and effect on the biological trait of A. camelliae by comparing it with the antibiotic treatment group. The population parameters, survival rate, and fecundity rate of A. camelliae were also analyzed using the age–stage two-sex life table. Our results demonstrated that phylum Proteobacteria (higher than 96.15%) dominated the whole life cycle of A. camelliae. It unveiled the presence of Candidatus Portiera (primary endosymbiont) (67.15–73.33%), Arsenophonus (5.58–22.89%), Wolbachia (4.53–11.58%), Rickettsia (0.75–2.59%), and Pseudomonas (0.99–1.88%) genus. Antibiotic treatment caused a significant decrease in the endosymbiont, which negatively affected the host's biological properties and life process. For example, 1.5% rifampicin treatment caused a longer preadult stage in the offspring generation (55.92 d) compared to the control (49.75d) and a lower survival rate (0.36) than the control (0.60). The decreased intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproductive rate (R0), and prolonged mean generation time (T) were signs of all disadvantageous effects associated with symbiotic reduction. Our findings confirmed the composition and richness of symbiotic bacteria in larva and adult of A. camelliae by an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 analysis and their influence on the development of the host by demographic research. Together, the results suggested that symbiotic bacteria play an important role in manipulating the biological development of their hosts, which might help us for developing new pest control agents and technologies for better management of A. camelliae.
The culmination of multidrug-resistant efflux pumps vs. meager antibiotic arsenal era: Urgent need for an improved new generation of EPIs
Authors: Chetri Shiela
Published: April 2023

Efflux pumps function as an advanced defense system against antimicrobials by reducing the concentration of drugs inside the bacteria and extruding the substances outside. Various extraneous substances, including antimicrobials, toxic heavy metals, dyes, and detergents, have been removed by this protective barrier composed of diverse transporter proteins found in between the cell membrane and the periplasm within the bacterial cell. In this review, multiple efflux pump families have been analytically and widely outlined, and their potential applications have been discussed in detail. Additionally, this review also discusses a variety of biological functions of efflux pumps, including their role in the formation of biofilms, quorum sensing, their survivability, and the virulence in bacteria, and the genes/proteins associated with efflux pumps have also been explored for their potential relevance to antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic residue detection. A final discussion centers around efflux pump inhibitors, particularly those derived from plants.