bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
University language centres, self-access learning and learner autonomy
Authors: Little David
Published: September 2015

Self-access learning and the concept of learner autonomy have played a central role in the history of university language centres. Since the late 1970s, language centres’ understanding of learner autonomy has tended to be constrained by the link with self-access learning and the limitations imposed by available technology. For me, language learner autonomy is in evidence whenever L2 user-learners exercise their agency, including the management of their own learning, through the medium of the target language. For more than two decades it was necessary to embed self-access language learning in face-to-face interaction in order to give reality to this version of learner autonomy: available technology allowed only very limited interactivity. Now, however, Web 2.0 provides a multitude of affordances to support the exercise and development of language learner autonomy, and the challenge facing language centres is to find ways of configuring these affordances to meet the academic needs of their students.
L’émergence du secteur LANSAD : évolution et circonvolutions
Authors: Poteaux Nicole
Published: September 2015

Cet article rappelle d’abord brièvement le contexte de la naissance du secteur LANSAD et celle de CRL, dispositifs innovants qui l’ont accompagnée, fondés sur le paradigme de l’apprentissage. Les mutations opérées sous l’influence de l’essor des technologies de l’information et de la communication, des politiques linguistiques liées à l’internationalisation des études universitaires ont bousculé l’enseignement des langues du secteur LANSAD en produisant un nouveau vocabulaire et en induisant de nouveaux rôles pour les enseignants. Une analyse des principaux changements ébauchera quelques pistes pour une évolution de la conception du secteur LANSAD afin de dépasser les obstacles récurrents.
De la gestion des masses à une offre de formation individualisée en anglais-LANSAD : tensions et structuration
Authors: Terrier Linda , Maury Cristelle
Published: September 2015

L’enseignement des langues aux spécialistes d’autres disciplines s’est développé plus tardivement qu’ailleurs dans les universités ALLSHS, probablement parce qu’elles constituent les seuls lieux où la formation LANSAD cohabite avec la formation LEA et la formation pour spécialistes (LLCE). Or on assiste aujourd’hui à une massification du secteur LANSAD en ALLSHS au niveau national. À partir de leur exemple local, les auteures déconstruisent ce phénomène de massification afin d’en comprendre les enjeux. Elles analysent la manière dont l’équipe pédagogique a proposé une offre de formation raisonnée organisée en deux pôles : l’un centré sur le Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues, l’autre articulé autour d’un dispositif d’autoformation guidée en CRL. Les auteures montrent les tensions entre questions politiques, structurelles, didactiques et pédagogiques, et mettent en évidence des mécanismes de structuration du secteur LANSAD qui pourraient être propres au domaine ALLSHS.
Du numérique au digital : Intégration d’applications mobiles dans un dispositif d’apprentissage pour la remédiation
Authors: Coquilhat Jean-Christophe
Published: September 2015

La formation « hors les murs » s’enrichit de nouvelles fonctionnalités avec l’avènement du « mobile learning » (ou « m-learning ») dont les usages semblent appeler à une redéfinition de l’acronyme ALAO (CALL en anglais). Néanmoins, l’intégration d’applications mobiles ne peut se faire sans l’adhésion du public visé (modes d’utilisation, objectifs pédagogiques spécifiques) ni sans le respect des contraintes liées à ce mode d’enseignement (contraintes techniques et d’insertion dans le dispositif hybride). Une fois que les limitations inhérentes à l’outil sont prises en compte, il convient d’organiser l’offre pédagogique selon une trame éditoriale classique, mais en respectant les principes ILDF (Integrative Learning Design Framework). Le formatage des ressources est à même de respecter les principes d’étayage de nature constructiviste. In fine, l’intégration au macro-dispositif en ligne permet de surimposer des ressources médiatisées qui vont agir en complémentarité avec les ressources préexistantes. L’exemple évoqué est celui d’une médiation supplémentaire visant à la remédiation langagière d’un public apprenant en difficulté.
Travail collaboratif et création de posters pour la compréhension de documents longs
Authors: André Emmanuelle
Published: September 2015

Cette fiche pédagogique concerne la réalisation, puis la présentation de posters à partir d'un document long lié à un sujet professionnel, divisé en chapitres. Chaque chapitre est distribué à un binôme différent, qui devra réaliser une représentation graphique de son contenu, ici sous forme de carte heuristique, puis en enseigner les mots-clés et le contenu lexical au reste du groupe, en vue d'une évaluation. Les étudiants devront lire la totalité du document long. On note un fort investissement des étudiants dans ce rôle d'« experts », et les résultats de l'évaluation montrent que le lexique a été bien assimilé.
The Best Presentation Competition - Un projet pour motiver des étudiants en marketing
Authors: Lacourarie Chantal , Mattioli Marie-Annick
Published: September 2015

Cette contribution décrit une activité de présentation orale sous la forme d’un concours mis en place auprès d’étudiants en marketing (2e année de DUT TC). Le triple objectif de l’exercice est de développer l'aisance dans la prise de parole en public, d’initier les étudiants à la recherche documentaire et au partage de leur recherche et, enfin, d’accroître leur motivation pour la langue en général. Une description du déroulement de l’activité (apprentissage des techniques de présentation orale, présentation en classe et retour sur l’expérience, concours) sera ensuite proposée. Enfin, l’évaluation de ce parcours d’apprentissage sera présentée, à partir de l’étude d’un questionnaire distribué aux étudiants et du retour par les enseignantes sur les réussites et les points à améliorer. Les modifications à apporter pour reconduire cette expérience dans les conditions optimales termineront la réflexion.
Les facteurs psychologiques qui ont un effet sur la réussite des étudiants
Authors: Amadieu Franck , Tricot André
Published: September 2015

Cette note de recherche aborde la question des étudiants qui apprennent mieux que les autres. En se basant sur des travaux de psychologie des apprentissages, elle traite des facteurs psychologiques qui contribuent à la réussite des étudiants dans leurs apprentissages, quelle que soit la discipline. Les travaux de recherche nous montrent que les étudiants qui sont en réussite et qui progressent le plus ont un niveau important de connaissances initiales dans le domaine en question. En outre, ils sont porteurs de motivations qui agissent sur leur engagement, leur persistance, et leur choix dans les tâches d’apprentissage.Un étudiant qui a pour but de maîtriser le domaine qu’il étudie, qui a confiance en ses compétences et qui considère l’évaluation comme un moyen d’apprendre aura davantage de chance de réussir. Un étudiant qui cherche plutôt à être performant au regard des autres, sera plus fragile face à l’échec et aura des performances plus faibles sur le long terme.Des recommandations pédagogiques sont alors proposées pour favoriser les motivations des étudiants. Ensuite, l’article distingue les stratégies d’étude sur la base de leur efficacité pour un apprentissage profond1 : les stratégies les plus efficaces mises en œuvre par les étudiants les plus performants sont les stratégies d’organisation, d’élaboration et de métacognition. Enfin, l’article discute les relations entre motivations et stratégies d’étude en montrant que la mise en œuvre de stratégies efficaces est coûteuse pour les étudiants et qu’il faut donc qu’elle soit soutenue par certains éléments motivationnels.
Assessing undergraduate student engagement in a virtual resource center
Authors: Starkey-Perret Rebecca , McAllister Julie , Belan Sophie , Ngo Thi Phuong Le
Published: September 2015

This contribution seeks to better understand undergraduate students’ perceptions of and engagement in a virtual resource center for Business English and the links between the use of the center and English language learning. In order to assess student engagement in the virtual resource center, we have conducted a representative questionnaire study. The results show that there is a complex relationship between perceptions and actions and that even when students claim to perceive tools as relevant this does not necessarily lead to increased engagement. These results bring us back to the drawing board to discuss how we can encourage students to take the next step and spend more time using the resources available to them in order to increase their investment in individualized English language learning opportunities online.
Création des pôles de compétitivité et salaire des ingénieurs
Authors: Bonnard Claire , Giret Jean-François , Lemistre Philippe
Published: September 2015

La création des pôles de compétitivité en France a permis un investissement massif dans des projets de R&D dans certains territoires. S’appuyant sur le développement de synergie entre les entreprises, les centres de recherche et les établissements de formation, ces pôles devraient favoriser une politique de ressources humaines propice à l’innovation. Notre recherche propose d’examiner l’effet de la création de ces pôles sur le salaire des diplômés des écoles d’ingénieurs. Une méthode de « différence de différence » avec appariement est utilisée pour comparer les rémunérations des jeunes diplômés avant et après la création des pôles. Les résultats montrent des effets positifs de la création des pôles sur les salaires des jeunes ingénieurs, notamment lorsqu’ils travaillent dans la R&D.
L’affectation de la richesse créée : un des facteurs explicatifs du différentiel de compétitivité entre entreprises françaises et entreprises allemandes cotées
Authors: Cretté Olivier , Fimbel Éric , Karyotis Catherine , Ducouloux-Favard Claude
Published: September 2015

Cet article met en évidence le poids d’une combinaison de facteurs juridiques, culturels et comportementaux pour expliquer le différentiel de compétitivité des sociétés cotées en France et en Allemagne, à partir d’une comparaison des pratiques et d’une analyse complémentaire de cas symptomatiques. Les données empiriques montrent une radicale différence dans les structures et les pratiques de répartition de la richesse créée dans les entreprises cotées. En France, on enrichirait d’abord l’actionnaire, puis on affecterait à l’entreprise. En Allemagne, on mettrait d’abord en réserve pour investir, et on distribuerait aux actionnaires ensuite. Analysant les données et pratiques des sociétés cotées sur les indices SBF 120 et DAX 100, l’article montre que les effets de ces deux hiérarchisations sur le différentiel de compétitivité des entreprises sont durables.
PLZF Controls the Development of Fetal-Derived IL-17+Vγ6+ γδ T Cells
Authors: Lu Ying , Cao Xin , Zhang Xianyu , Kovalovsky Damian
Published: September 2015

Expression of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) protein directs the effector differentiation of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells and IL-4+ γδ NKT cells. In this study, we show that PLZF is also required for the development and function of IL-17+ γδ T cells. We observed that PLZF is expressed in fetal-derived invariant Vγ5+ and Vγ6+ γδ T cells, which secrete IFN-γ and IL-17, respectively. PLZF deficiency specifically affected the effector differentiation of Vγ6+ cells, leading to reduced numbers of mature CD27−CD44+ phenotype capable of secreting IL-17. Although PLZF was not required for Vγ5+ γδ T cells to develop, when these cells were reprogrammed into IL-17–secreting cells in Skint-1 mutant mice, they required PLZF for their effector maturation, similarly to Vγ6+ γδ T cells. The impaired effector differentiation of PLZF-deficient Vγ6+ γδ T cells was not due to increased apoptosis and it was related to reduced proliferation of immature CD27+CD44− Vγ6+ γδ T cells, which was required for their differentiation into mature CD27−CD44+ IL-17–secreting cells. Thus, the present study identifies that PLZF function is not restricted to NKT or IL-4+ T cells, but it also controls the development of IL-17+ γδ T cells.
Interaction between litter quality and simulated water depth on decomposition of two emergent macrophytes
Authors: Xie Yajun , Xie Yonghong , Hu Cong , Chen Xinsheng , Li Feng
Published: September 2015

Both water depth and litter quality are important factors influencing litter decomposition in wetlands, but the interactive role of these factors in regulating mass loss and nutrient dynamics is far from clear. The responses of mass loss and nutrient dynamics to simulated water depths and litter quality are investigated in leaves of Carex brevicuspis and leaves and stems of Miscanthus sacchariflorus from the Dongting Lake, China. Three litter types differing in litter quality were incubated for 210 days at three water depths (0 cm, 5 cm, and 80 cm, relative to the water surface) in a pond near the Dongting Lake. The litter mass remaining, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), organic carbon (organic C), cellulose, and lignin contents were analyzed during the controlled decomposition experiment. Moreover, water properties (temperature, dissolved oxygen content, and conductivity) and fungal biomass were also characterized. Initial N and P contents were highest in C. brevicuspis leaves, intermediate in M. sacchariflorus leaves and lowest in M. sacchariflorus stems, whereas the organic C, cellulose, and lignin contents exhibited an opposite trend. After a 210 days incubation, decomposition rate was highest in M. sacchariflorus leaves (0.0034–0.0090 g g-1 DW day-1, in exponential decay model), intermediate in C. brevicuspis leaves (0.0019–0.0041 g g-1 DW day-1), and lowest in M. sacchariflorus stems (0.0005–0.0011 g g-1DW day-1). Decomposition rate of C. brevicuspis leaves was highest at 5 cm water depth, intermediate at 80 cm, and lowest at 0 cm. Decomposition rate of M. sacchariflorus leaves was higher at 5 cm, and 80 cm than at 0 cm water depths. Water depth had no effect on decomposition of M. sacchariflorus stems. At the end of incubation, N and P mineralization was completely in leaf litters with increasing rates along with increasing water depth, while nutrients were accumulated in M. sacchariflorus stem. Organic C, cellulose, and lignin decayed quickly in both leaf litters compared to the stem litter. The fungal biomass was higher in leaf than in stem litters and changed as a response to water depth in both leaf litters rather than stem ones. These data indicate that submergence has no effect on the decomposition of refractory stem litter and shallower submergence stimulates degradation of the labile leaf litter.
Lake-level variations and tides in Lago Argentino, Patagonia: insights from pressure tide gauge records
Authors: Richter Andreas , Marderwald Eric , Hormaechea José L. , Mendoza Luciano , Perdomo Raúl , Connon Gerardo , Scheinert Mirko , Horwath Martin , Dietrich Reinhard
Published: September 2015

Based on precise pressure tide gauge observations lake-level records are derived for two sites in Lago Argentino, southern Patagonia, of 2.5 and 1 years of duration. Applying the tools of time series analysis, the principal processes affecting the lake level are identified and quantified. Lake-level changes reflecting variations in lake volume are dominated by a seasonal cycle of 1.2 m in amplitude. Lake-volume changes occur in addition with a daily period in response to melt water influx from surrounding glaciers. Sporadic lake-volume jumps are caused by bursting of the ice dam of Perito Moreno glacier. Water movements in Lago Argentino are dominated by surface seiches reaching 20 cm in amplitude. Lake tides reach a maximum amplitude of 3 mm. The comparison of the tidal signal extracted from the lake-level observations with a model composed of the contributions of body tide and ocean tidal loading indicates a phase shift of 23° which is most likely explained by an 1 hour phase lag of global ocean tide models in the region of the highly fragmented Pacific coast. The comparison of the obtained results with those of a previous study of Lago Fagnano, Tierra del Fuego, allows to relate differences in the hydrological and hydrodynamic processes between both lakes to morphological properties. This leads to a tentative prediction of the lake-level variability to be expected from other great Patagonian lakes. The presented geodetic results shall serve as a starting point for a detailed limnological investigation of these aquatic ecosystems.
The effect of ice phenology exerted on submerged macrophytes through physicochemical parameters and the phytoplankton abundance
Authors: Ejankowski Wojciech , Lenard Tomasz
Published: September 2015

The physicochemical parameters of water, the concentration of chlorophyll-a and the submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) were studied to evaluate the effects of different winter seasons on the biomass of macrophytes in shallow eutrophic lakes. We hypothesised that a lack of ice cover or early ice-out can influence the physicochemical parameters of water and thus change the conditions for the development of phytoplankton and SAV. The studies were conducted in four lakes of the Western Polesie region in mid-eastern Poland after mild winters with early ice-out (MW, 2011 and 2014) and after cold winters with late ice-out (CW, 2010, 2012 and 2013). The concentrations of soluble and total nitrogen, chlorophyll-a and the TN:TP ratio in the lakes were considerably higher, whereas the concentration of soluble and total phosphorus and water transparency were significantly lower after the MW compared with after the CW. No differences were found in water temperature, reaction and electrolytic conductivity. Low water turbidity linked with low concentration of chlorophyll-a after the CW resulted in increased water transparency and the total biomass of the SAV. The negative effect of the MW on the macrophyte species was stronger on more sensitive species (Myriophyllum spicatum, Stratiotes aloides) compared with shade tolerant Ceratophyllum demersum. Our findings show that the ice cover phenology affected by climate warming can change the balance between phytoplankton and benthic vegetation in shallow eutrophic lakes, acting as a shift between clear and turbid water states. We speculate that various responses of macrophyte species to changes in the water quality after two winter seasons (CW and MW) could cause alterations in the vegetation biomass, particularly the expansion of shade tolerance and the decline of light-demanding species after a series of mild winters.
Holocene and Late Glacial sedimentation near steep slopes in southern Lake Baikal
Authors: Sturm Michael , Vologina Elena G. , Vorob’eva Svetlana S.
Published: September 2015

We here present new data on sedimentation at and near the steep north-slopes of southern Lake Baikal. Short sediment cores were taken at 550 m and at 1366 m water depth, within 3600 m offshore Cape Ivanovskii at the station of the Baikal Deep Underwater NEUTRINO Telescope. The sediments within 3600 m off the northern coast of Southern Lake Baikal are dominated by pelagic deposition. Our data reveal surprisingly little influence from terrigenous material from adjacent coastal areas, tributaries and their catchment. At the shallow-water site (at 550 m water depth, 700 m off shore) just 27 cm thick homogenous sediments have accumulated during the Holocene on top of Pleistocene deposits resulting in Holocene sedimentation rates of 0.003 cm a-1. The very low rates are caused by long-term persistent winnowing of fine particles caused by week contour currents along the slope. The uppermost sediments are oxidized down to 22 cm. Very low concentrations of Corg, Sibio and Ntot in Pleistocene sediments increase dramatically within the Holocene. The heavy mineral fraction of the shallow-water sediments contains up to 33.6 % olivine and up to 2.4 % spinel. These rare minerals originate from white marbles of the nearby coastal outcrop Belaya Vyemka of the Early Precambrian Sharyzalgaiskaya Series. At the deep-water site (at 1366 m water depth, 3600 m off shore) Holocene sedimentation rates are 10-times higher (0.036 cm a-1). Sediment oxidation occurs just within the uppermost 2 cm. Of the two rare type minerals of the Sharyzalgaiskaya Series spinel does not occur at all and olivine is represented by very diminished concentrations. This indicates insignificant influx of terrestrial material from the nearby shore to the deep-water site . Distal turbidites of far-off sources are intercalated to pelagic sediments at the deep-water site. Breakdown events of deltas at the SE- and S-coast of the basin are suggested to be responsible for the formation of the turbidites. They contain terrestrial (deltaic) material, low amounts of biological material (diatoms, spiculae, chrysophyte cysts), low concentrations of Sibio, Corg and Ntot and occur at approximate recurrence rates of 300 years. 
Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita: A Rare Cause of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency and Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Loureiro Marta , Reis Filipa , Robalo Brígida , Pereira Carla , Sampaio Lurdes
Published: September 2015

Primary adrenal insufficiency is defined by the impaired synthesis of adrenocortical hormones due to an intrinsic disease of the adrenal cortex. Determining its etiology is crucial to allow adequate long-term management and genetic counseling. We report the case of a male adolescent that presented in the neonatal period with adrenal crisis and received replacement therapy for primary adrenal insufficiency. During follow-up, adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) was suspected given his persistently raised adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, with markedly low 17-OH progesterone and androstenedione levels. DNA sequence analysis revealed a mutation in NR0B1 gene (c.1292delG), confirming the diagnosis. Delayed puberty and persistent low levels of gonadotropins led to testosterone replacement therapy. X-linked AHC is a rare cause of primary adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, related to mutations in NR0B1 gene. Despite its rarity, AHC should be considered in patients who present with primary adrenal failure, low levels of 17-OH progesterone and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
The Effect of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate, Exposure Time, and Chemical Mixtures on Methanogenic Community Structure and Function
Authors: McNamara Patrick J. , LaPara Timothy M. , Novak Paige J.
Published: September 2015

A plethora of organic micropollutant mixtures are found in untreated municipal wastewater. Anaerobic digesters receive large loadings of hydrophobic micropollutants that sorb to wastewater biosolids. Despite micropollutants being pervasive as mixtures, little research is available to explain the impact that mixtures of compounds, as well as exposure time, have on microbial communities in anaerobic digesters. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was added to anaerobic enrichment cultures in both short-term (14 days) and long-term (140 days) studies to determine the impact of exposure time. Additionally, triclosan was added during the experiments to investigate the impact of mixtures on community structure and function. PFOS did not alter methane production in short-term studies, but in long-term studies, methane production increased, consistent with our hypothesis that PFOS may act as a metabolic uncoupler. The impact of triclosan on methane production was exacerbated when PFOS was already present in the anaerobic enrichment cultures. Triclosan also had greater impacts on microbial community structures in the bottles that had been exposed to PFOS long-term. These results demonstrate that both chemical mixtures and exposure time are important parameters to address when trying to define the impacts of micropollutants on anaerobic microbial communities.
Gynecological Tumor Images using HDlive US
Authors: Raga Francisco , Bonilla Francisco , Bonilla-Musoles Fernando , Eduardo Machado Luiz , Castillo Carlos Juan , Caballero Luna Oscar
Published: September 2015

Abdominal and/or vaginal two dimensional (2D) and threedimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) are the ‘gold standard’ technology on which diagnosis and control of gynecological tumors depend.

In recent years, a series of software that initially generated enormous interest, have been introduced to improve 2D/3D US image quality and diagnostic accuracy. Many of them have shown limited interests.

The last one and the most interesting is HDlive which incorporates a movable virtual adjustable light that, as it penetrates, produces selective illumination with respective shadows that result from the structures where light is reflected. This combination of lights and shadows results in spectacular images which are much more real than those obtained with conventional 3D US.

This note simply pretends to show the quality of images obtained in cases of gynecological tumors using this easy-tohandle high definition ultrasound technology.

How to cite this article

Bonilla-Musoles F, Raga F, Bonilla F Jr, Castillo JC, Machado LE, Luna OC. Gynecological Tumor Images using HDlive US. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(2):149-158.
Perinatal Transmission of HIV in Women Receiving Antiretroviral Prophylaxis/Therapy during Pregnancy with Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Nevirapine: Experience at Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Bagga Rashmi , Kumar Praveen , Sharma Aman , Arora Sunil , Kalra Jasvinder , Meena Khushbu , Arora Aashima
Published: September 2015

Objective

To compare the perinatal transmission rate, maternal and neonatal outcome among HIV positive women on triple drug antiretroviral therapy (ART) with women receiving antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis for prevention of mother to child transmission (MTCT).

Materials and methods

This prospective study recruited all HIV positive antenatal women who delivered at Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh from June 2010 to December 2011. The rate of HIV perinatal transmission was calculated in the two groups. The perinatal outcome was studied in the form of birth weight, gestation at delivery, mode of delivery, maternal morbidity and mortality.

Results

The overall HIV transmission rate was 13.3% (10% in ART group and 15% in ARV group). A trend was seen toward a lower MTCT among women in ARV prophylaxis group who delivered by elective cesarean section (CS) as compared to vaginal delivery (7.7 vs 16.7%).

Conclusion

The vertical transmission rate of HIV was lower among women receiving triple drug ART. The mode of delivery did not affect the transmission rate in this group.

How to cite this article

Meena K, Arora A, Bagga R, Kalra J, Kumar P, Sharma A, Arora S. Perinatal Transmission of HIV in Women Receiving Antiretroviral Prophylaxis/Therapy during Pregnancy with Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Nevirapine: Experience at Tertiary Care Center in India. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2015;49(3):115-120.
Labour Market Returns and Wage Inequality: New Evidence for Europe
Authors: Sequeira Tiago , Santos Marcelo
Published: September 2015

We study the relationship between returns to education and the wage distribution in Europe and we find evidence for a new fact: A hump-shaped relationship between returns and the wage distribution. This hump-shaped relationship between returns to education and the wage distribution means that investments on education contributes to increase inequality between the lower bound of the wage distribution and the median (roughly) but for the richer part of the wage distribution, education tends to decrease wage inequality. There is also evidence of a non-monotonous relationship between returns to tenure and gender, on one side, and the wage distribution, on the other side.
Can Liberalism Incorporate Group Human Rights?
Authors: Reid Thomas
Published: September 2015

The protection of indigenous peoples and minority languages, as well as the guarantee of outreach to disadvantaged groups, can be considered using the language of human rights – specifically, group human rights. Liberalism is the view that individuals’ freedoms ought to be protected against the competing interests of other entities. From a liberal point of view, a number of challenges to the idea of group rights present themselves. Against these, I will argue that it makes more sense for a coherent liberalism to incorporate group rights than to deny them. I aim to achieve this in two main argumentative steps: by establishing the link between groups, identity and human dignity, and by borrowing the phrase ‘standard threat to human dignity’ (Donnelly 2013: 49) to identify groups that can bear group rights – whose protection is necessary to safeguard the dignity that, arguably, is the very thing that provides the foundation for any human rights claims in the first place. In Part 1, I set out the liberal view. In Part 2, I make my first main argumentative move by identifying a powerful relation between groups and human dignity through the idea of identity. In Part 3, I examine the objection that, even accepting the value of certain groups, group rights can be reduced to individual rights, or that group rights pose too great a danger to individuals and their liberties to go any further with the idea. I respond that, were liberalism to accept either of these objections, it would leave important work undone. In Part 4, once the possibility of group rights has been established, I examine their place in relation to other rights. The important question is not the ontological ‘what is a group?’ but the normative question, ‘what kind of group has the moral weight to be entitled to group rights?’ I make my second main argumentative move by suggesting a ‘standard threat to human dignity’ (Donnelly 2013: 49) condition that answers the normative question: what is at stake is the protection of the groups that, as established in Part 2, are an indispensable part of the identity and human dignity that grounds human rights claims in the first place. This discussion leads to an answer to the more basic question about the moral status of groups. In Part 5, I conclude that it makes more sense for a coherent liberalism to incorporate group rights than to deny them.
Pleiten, schikken of slikken
Authors: van Wijck Peter , Winters Jan Kees
Published: September 2015

Pleiten, schikken of slikken

De Richtlijn inzake schadevorderingen beoogt de ‘civielrechtelijke handhaving’ van het mededinginsgrecht te bevorderen door schadevergoedingsacties te stimuleren. De schade die door (met name) een kartel is veroorzaakt, dient geheel te worden vergoed. Economisch gezien betekent dit een extra financiële belasting bovenop de bestuursrechtelijke boete. Het lijkt dan aannemelijk dat de afschrikwekkende werking op kartelgedrag wordt vergroot. Of dat zo is, hangt af van diverse factoren, zoals de boete, pakkans, mogelijkheid tot schikken en de kans op het feitelijk verkrijgen van een schadevergoeding.
Huawei/ZTE, een nieuwe standaard in FRAND-zaken?
Authors: van Ginneken Pepijn , Béquet Gaëlle
Published: September 2015

Huawei/ZTE, een nieuwe standaard in FRAND-zaken?

Standaard-essentiële octrooien (‘SEP’s’) zijn octrooien die essentieel zijn voor de toepassing van een bepaalde industriestandaard. Van SEP-houders wordt doorgaans vereist dat zij zich ertoe verbinden hun SEP’s onder fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) voorwaarden in licentie te geven. Het Hof van Justitie bepaalde dat een SEP-houder die een FRAND-verklaring heeft afgelegd, misbruik maakt van zijn machtspositie indien hij zijn SEP handhaaft zonder de vermeende inbreukmaker de mogelijkheid te geven om een FRAND-licentie te nemen. Met dit arrest geeft het Hof van Justitie duidelijkheid over de stappen die van de SEP-houder en de licentienemer worden verwacht tijdens FRAND-onderhandelingen.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Genetics: Risk Stratification and Implications for Therapy
Authors: Wang Michael L. , Bailey Nathanael G.
Published: September 2015

Acute myeloid leukemia is a category of diseases with a common aggressive clinical presentation but with a prognosis and management that is dependent upon the underlying genetic characteristics of the neoplasm. The purpose of this brief review is to update the practicing pathologist on the current standard of care in the genetic evaluation of acute myeloid leukemia and to highlight future directions in the classification, genetic assessment, and management of these devastating diseases.
Intraductal Carcinoma of the Prostate: Morphologic Features, Differential Diagnoses, Significance, and Reporting Practices
Authors: Magers Martin , Kunju Lakshmi Priya , Wu Angela
Published: September 2015

The differential diagnosis for atypical cribriform lesions of the prostate has become increasingly complex and includes intraductal carcinoma of the prostate, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and atypical intraductal proliferations. In this review, we summarize the morphologic and molecular features and significance of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. We also summarize our institution's strategy for reporting and treatment recommendations for intraductal carcinoma of the prostate.
Atypical Spitz Tumors: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Harms Kelly L. , Lowe Lori , Fullen Douglas R. , Harms Paul W.
Published: September 2015

Spitzoid melanocytic lesions encompass a spectrum from benign Spitz nevi to malignant spitzoid melanomas. Spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms have significant morphologic and molecular differences from conventional melanocytic lesions, and prediction of biologic behavior and metastatic risk may be difficult. Most challenging is the atypical Spitz tumor, a borderline spitzoid melanocytic lesion of uncertain malignant potential that has overlapping histologic features with conventional Spitz nevus and spitzoid melanoma. Atypical Spitz tumors involve the sentinel lymph nodes at a greater frequency than conventional melanoma and frequently harbor chromosomal copy number changes, yet most cases follow an indolent course. Herein we review the clinical, microscopic, and molecular features of atypical Spitz tumors, including recent molecular advances, including the potential prognostic significance of chromosomal abnormalities, such as homozygous CDKN2A loss.
Clandestinidad y periferia. Usos del género policial en la narrativa de Ricardo Piglia
Authors: García del Río Antonio
Published: September 2015

Resumen: El presente trabajo consiste en la observación de los usos de esquemas y situaciones del género policial en la narrativa de Ricardo Piglia (1940) a partir de las obras: «La loca y el relato del crimen» (1975), Plata Quemada (1997), Blanco Nocturno (2010), El camino de Ida (2013); y de sus estudios críticos: Crítica y ficción (2001), Formas breves (2000) y El último lector (2005). Partimos en primer lugar del análisis del relato como esquema de personajes básicos del género; en segundo lugar, analizamos, a partir de una revisión teórica de la figura del detective y del género, cómo en sus novelas los medios de investigación utilizados por los detectives consisten en saberes, como la lectura y la escritura, que entran en conflicto con los del Estado; en tercer lugar, observamos cómo todos estos planteamientos se reflejan en las estructuras narrativas de las obras analizadas; finalmente, comprobamos cómo a través de los discursos estatales se esconde una visión que criminaliza y condena la sexualidad de los personajes, por lo que a través del pensamiento de Michel Foucault sobre las sociedades de vigilancia observaremos la vinculación establecida entre la sexualidad, la ley y los lugares de encierro y control. Palabras Clave: Piglia, Renzi, detective, investigación, Estado, clandestinidad, policía, enigma, investigación, crimen, ley, periodismo, sexualidad, ficción paranoica, encierro.
Lo que quedó de Cuba cuando los rusos se fueron a la órbita. Breve acercamiento a algunas características del espacio ficcional post-soviético en la más reciente ciencia-ficción cubana
Authors: (José Miguel Sánchez Gómez) Yoss
Published: September 2015

Este texto analiza las caracteríticas de la ciencia ficción cubana post-soviética, después del colapso de la Unión Soviética y el Periodo Especial de los años noventa. Se centra particularmente en la producción más reciente de Vladimir Hernandez Pacin, Eric Flores Taylor y Jesus B. Minsal, entre otros autores. Analizando sus novelas y cuentos, el autor establece una triple categorización de la ciencia ficción cubana post-soviética, según la mayor o menor presencia de Rusia como elemento referencial. Estas tres aproximaciones serían: primera, la total ausencia de Rusia; segunda, identificada como ‘nostalgia post-soviética’ y tercera, catalogada como ucronía, en donde Rusia sigue jugando un rol activo y agente, a pesar de las circunstancias históricas. ........................What remained of Cuba, after the Russians went into orbit Brief approach to some characteristics of the post-soviet fictional space in newest Cuban Science-Fiction This paper analyzes the characteristics of the post-soviet Cuban Science Fiction after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Special Period in the Nineties. It focuses particularly on the newest production by Vladimir Hernandez Pacin, Eric Flores Taylor and Jesus B. Minsal, among other authors.  By analyzing their novels and short stories the author establishes a triple categorization of Cuban post-Soviet Science Fiction, depending on the major o minor presence of the Soviet and Russian referents. This three different approaches would be: first, the total absence of the Russia; second, identified as ‘post-soviet nostalgia’; and the third one, categorized as ‘uchronia’, in which Russia plays still, and despite the historical circumstances, an agent and active role
La Realidad. Historia (breve) de un guionista cubano en Moscú
Authors: Pineda Barnet Enrique
Published: September 2015

Es un texto literario, no académico.
Slovo Cubano: El vocablo soviético en el español de Cuba
Authors: Smith-Mesa Vladimir
Published: September 2015

Resumen: ¿Se puede definir una nostalgia cubana por lo soviético? Indagando sobre su estética, entendida como percepción, Slovo Cubano intenta responder a esta interrogante. Enfocándose en los rusismos-sovietismos, que llegaron a nuestra isla en diferentes épocas. Estas palabras ya son parte de nuestro catauro de extranjerismos; fragmento significativo en la historia de la adopción lingüística en el español cubano-caribeño. Estos vocablos no son sólo referencias filológicas, símbolos de una oralidad y escritura muy particulares, también son evidencias históricas, que actúan como códigos de acceso a la experiencia cultural soviética. Slovo Cubano intenta confirmar que desde 1961 hasta 1991, Cuba fue, por excelencia, el centro diseminador de lo eslavo, el gran transculturador de lo ruso-soviético en el universo de habla hispana, en las Américas y en el llamado Tercer Mundo.   Slovo Cubano: The Soviet Word in the Spanish of Cuba Abstract: Can we define a Cuban nostalgia for the Soviet past? Slovo Cubano attempts to answer this question by inquiring about aesthetics, understood as perception. This paper focuses on Russian and Soviet words that arrived in Cuba at different times. They  are an essential part of our Catauro of foreign words; a significant fragment in the process of adoption of alien terms  in the Cuban-Spanish language. These words are not only philological references, they are also the historical evidence of a unique oral and written history because they act as access codes to the Soviet cultural experience. Slovo Cubano attempts to confirm that from 1961-1991, Cuba was, par excellence, the disseminator,  the Slavonic centre, the great ‘transculturador’ of Russian & Soviet terms in the Americas and the so-called Third World.
Esquemata en frecuencias. Un cuento ruso
Authors: Armenteros Álvarez Antonio
Published: September 2015

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'Territorios y fronteras II. Emergencias y urgencias en el cine documental español', de Vanessa Fernández Guerra (eda.)
Authors: Losilla Carlos
Published: September 2015

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Lo que se perdió: crónica del presente
Authors: Fowler Víctor
Published: September 2015

El llamado cambio en la memorialización de lo ruso-soviético en Cuba ha evolucionado en apenas una década del rechazo a la nostalgia e incluso la celebración entusiasta de lo ruso. Esta transformación se inició a comienzos del siglo XXI, una vez superado el llamado Periodo especial, inicialmente a través de que pequeños gestos, como por ejemplo el artículo que aquí reproducimos. Constituye una de las primeras voces que, en aquellos primeros años, reclamaron la lectura positiva de la influencia soviética en la isla. Víctor Fowler Calzada hace un repaso por la presencia de lo soviético en la formación de su generación, para concluir que “uno de los errores lamentables de nuestra política cultural reciente ha sido el haberse resignado a la sustracción de la producción cultural de los países del antiguo bloque socialista”. El texto de Fowler constituyó una hereterodoxia importante cuando apareció en Dédalo, de ahí el importante valor documental que ha adquirido doce años después. Apareció en la revista Dédalo, número 0, 2003, pp. 12 y 13 y se publica aquí gracias al consentimiento de su autor.
'Ante el derrumbe. La crisis y nosotros', Gil Manuel Hernàndez i Martí
Authors: García Pilán Pedro
Published: September 2015

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Mi abuelo murió leyendo a Pushkin. Antología de autores cubano-(post)soviéticos (2005-2015)
Authors: Martínez Shviétsova Polina , Muguiro Altuna Carlos
Published: September 2015

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¿GRAMÁTICA IMPLÍCITA O GRAMÁTICA EXPLÍCITA EN ENSEÑANZA DE SEGUNDAS LENGUAS?: ESTUDIO DE CAMPO
Authors: Martí Contreras Jorge
Published: September 2015

El presente artículo es el resultado de una investigación pilotada entre estudiantes universitarios que pretende observar qué método gramatical, explícito o implícito, es más eficaz en el aprendizaje y adquisición de una L2. El estudio de campo se ha realizado en dos grupos de estudiantes homogéneos y paralelos en el marco de la asignatura Español económico y empresarial. Para ello se han diseñado materiales idénticos en el contenido y con un enfoque por tareas, pero con un método de gramática distinto en cada uno de los grupos, de forma que pudiera llevarse a cabo una visión contrastiva de los resultados.
En el artículo se plantea un marco teórico, se describe cómo se han diseñado los materiales y cuáles son los resultados obtenidos. Finalmente, se contrastan los resultados que serán significativos para que los estudiantes pueden maximizar la adquisición de conocimiento a lo largo del proceso de aprendizaje-enseñanza. Gracias al trabajo de campo se evidencia que el uso de gramática implícita mejora exponencialmente el rendimiento académico del alumnado, no solo a corto plazo.
Fonética experimental y tecnologías del habla
Authors: Garrido Almiñana Juan María
Published: September 2015

Las relaciones entre Fonética y Tecnología del Habla han sido objeto de debate reiterado en la bibliografía de ambas disciplinas, debate en el que se ha puesto de manifiesto, por un lado, la innegable necesidad del conocimiento lingüístico en el desarrollo de estas tecnologías, y por otro, los problemas y limitaciones que ha supuesto en ocasiones para la Tecnología del Habla la falta de descripciones y modelos fonéticos adecuados, lo que ha llevado en muchos casos a la búsqueda de «caminos alternativos», principalmente en la estadística y la probabilidad. Este artículo pretende ofrecer una reflexión personal sobre las relaciones entre ambas disciplinas, en el momento actual y en un futuro próximo, analizando, por un lado, en qué medida el conocimiento fonético puede contribuir al desarrollo de las tecnologías del habla en los próximos años, y por otro, de qué forma la Tecnología del Habla puede ayudar a mejorar los métodos y resultados del trabajo teórico en Fonética experimental.
Quantification of Motion Palpation
Authors: Kasparian Hervé , Signoret Ghislaine , Kasparian Jérôme
Published: September 2015

Context: The palpation of motions is at the heart of the practice of foreign-trained osteopaths. When practicing osteopathic manual therapy (care provided by foreign-trained osteopaths) in the cranial field or osteopathic cranial manipulative medicine, the palpation of small motions (several tens of micrometers) is a key process. However, to the authors’ knowledge, the smallest detectable motion has not been identified.

Objective: To quantify motion detection capacity by passive palpation.

Methods: Participants were instructed to hold a mechanical device containing a micrometric actuator between their hands and report when they felt motion while 6 series of 27 random motions were generated by the actuator. After each series, if a participant succeeded or failed to detect motion with a confidence level of greater than 98%, the motions in the next series were set to a smaller or larger magnitude, respectively. After 6 series, the individual motion detection capacity was recorded. Statistical significance was set at P=.02.

Results: A total of 21 participants were selected, comprising 14 osteopaths and 7 nonosteopaths. The average performance of the sample was 148 μm. Thirteen participants (62%) perceived motions of 200 μm or less, and 7 participants (33%) detected motions of 50 μm or less with bare hands. Osteopathic training did not notably affect the performance. Osteopaths were twice as likely to claim detection of nonexisting motions than to miss existing ones, whereas nonosteopaths were equally subject to both types of errors.

Conclusion: The data show human passive palpatory sensitivity to be in the range of several tens of micrometers. This range is comparable to that reported for calvarial motion (10-50 μm).
Pancreatic Follicular Lymphoma Presenting as Acute Pancreatitis: Report of a Case
Authors: Shirai Yoshihiro , Okamoto Tomoyoshi , Kanehira Masaru , Onda Shinji , Suzuki Fumitake , Ito Ryusuke , Fujioka Shuichi , Yanaga Katsuhiko
Published: September 2015

Pancreatic B-cell lymphoma is rare; it accounts for 0.2% to 2.0% of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and constitutes less than 0.5% of all pancreatic malignancies. Most histologic types of the pancreatic lymphoma are diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma is quite rare. We report here a case of pancreatic follicular lymphoma that was initially detected by acute pancreatitis. This is the first reported case of pancreatic follicular lymphoma presenting with acute pancreatitis. A 71-year-old woman had epigastric and left upper quadrant abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) revealed features of acute pancreatitis. After standard therapy for pancreatitis, enhanced CT showed a pancreatic tumor (50 × 35 mm) in the body of the pancreas with gradual enhancement. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography showed a complete interruption of the pancreatic duct in the body, with mild dilation of the duct in the tail of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed hypervascularity of the pancreatic tumor. The patient underwent distal pancreatectomy to remove the cause of pancreatitis and to disclose the diagnosis. Histologic examination revealed follicular lymphoma of pancreas. Despite recent improvement in clinical strategies, differential diagnosis between pancreatic lymphoma and pancreatic cancer is still difficult without histologic information. Pancreatic lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in a patient who initially presents with acute pancreatitis.