bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PARTISIPASI PELANGGAN TERHADAP KINERJA PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI BRI UNIT OTTING KECAMATAN DUAPITUE KABUPATEN SIDENRENG RAPPANG
Authors: Hasnada
Published: February 2022

Abstrak partisipasi masyarakat merupakan keterlibatan atau keikutsertaan seseorang masyarakat dalam proses interaksi sosial, pengidentifikasian masalah dan potensi yang ada di masyarakat dalam situasi tertentu, baik dalam pengambilan keputusan (solusi) menangani masalah, pelaksanaan upaya mengatasi masalah, dan proses keterlibatan masyarakat di dalam mengevaluasi perubahan yang terjadi.(Mustanir & Abadi, 2017). pelayanan prima bukan hanya tugas badanusaha milik negara atau instansi swasta bahkan lembaga yang diisi para pegawai negeri sipil pun harus memberikan pelayanan prima. Lambatnya pemberian pelayanan semakin merusak citra pegawai negeri sipil sebagai sumber daya manusia yang lemah kompetensi dan malas. Citra itu akan semakin melemah ketika di era pandemi ini banyak pembatasan yang dilakukan terkait pelayanan. Bahkan seharusnya, ketika di masa pandemi inilah momentum yang baik untuk melakukan perubahan ke arah yang baik.(Kurdi, 2020)
Keeping the euro at any cost? Explaining attitudes toward the euro-austerity trade-off in Greece
Authors: Jurado Ignacio , Dinas Elias , Konstantinidis Nikitas , Walter Stefanie
Published: February 2022

Despite years of crisis, the euro has enjoyed strong popular support across the Eurozone periphery. In light of the high costs of internal devaluation strategies, this begs the question why the public has remained in favor of the common currency. In this paper, we propose a theoretical mechanism that accounts for both voters’ pocketbook preferences and their sociotropic assessments over the noisy trade-offs associated with the outcomes of euro membership and euro exit. Using original survey data from three consecutive survey waves in Greece (conducted in July, September, and December 2015 respectively), we analyze the attitudes of Greek voters toward the euro in an environment of acute uncertainty, austerity, high unemployment, and economic recession. First, we juxtapose our uncertainty mechanism of popular euro attitudes against other explanations put forward in the literature and find strong support for our argument. Second, we conduct a survey experiment to tap into attitudes toward the euro-austerity trade-off and find that as uncertainty over policy outcomes diminishes, framing effects abate in significance, especially among those who voted No in the July 2015 referendum. Finally, we derive distinct sets of euro preferences for different “vulnerability profiles”. Over time, as the trade-offs of euro membership become more pronounced, we find a marked fall in euro support between July and December 2015.
Brazilian Version of the COVID-19 Home Environment Literacy Practices (COVID19-HELP) Questionnaire
Authors: Amorim Luciano Silva , Machado Júlia Gabriela Silva , Brito Luana Elizabeth , Batista Peixoto Camila , de Oliveira Silva Emanuelle , King Carolyn J , Davison Kelsey , Gaab Nadine , Lopes-Silva Júlia Beatriz
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 Home Environment Literacy Practices (COVID19-HELP) Questionnaire was developed by King et al. (2020) to explore how the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, such as school closures, impacted on home literacy environment and activities. Caregivers with children between ages 0-11 years old were invited to respond how they engage in literacy practices and about their home literacy environment, before and since COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, sociodemographic information was collected, such as race, socioeconomic status, educational level, and job situation. Hence, the questionnaire was adapted to correspond with the Brazilian culture and practices of literacy so it would be possible to assess how Brazilians were affected by the coronavirus pandemic.
Risk Management Pada Industri Fashion
Authors: Kabir Muhammad Fadhlan
Published: February 2022

Fashion menjadi bagian yang tidak dapat dilepaskan dari penampilan dan gaya keseharian. Benda-benda seperti baju dan aksesori yang dikenakan bukanlah sekadar penutup tubuh dan hiasan, lebih dari itu juga menjadi sebuah alat komunikasi untuk menyampaikan identitas pribadi. Dalam perkembangan selanjutnya fashion tidak hanya menyangkut soal busana dan aksesoris semacam perhiasan seperti kalung dan gelang, akan tetapi benda-benda fungsional lain yang dipadukan dengan unsur-unsur desain yang canggih dan unik menjadi alat yang dapat menunjukkan dan mendongkrak penampilan si pemakai. Fashion bisa menjadi etalase kecil tentang diri seseorang bagi orang lain.
Tiếp biến văn hóa tại Việt Nam đầu thế kỉ 20: “Nơi tầng 2 - Phố Phái”
Authors: Thanh Thái
Published: February 2022

Theo sc.sshpa.com28/01/2019 09:54Trong quãng thời gian nhàn rỗi, họa sĩ Bùi Xuân Phái trò chuyện với bạn bè ở quán café Lâm, nơi ông tìm cảm hứng sáng tác về Hà Nội. Là người Hà Nội gốc, họa sỹ gắn bó với khu phố cổ từ nhỏ.
Quality of life of pediatric brain tumour patients : Prediction by incorporation of Ensemble approach into Automated machine learning
Authors: Shah Ali Haider , Ullah Tauseef , Bazai Iftikhar , Khan Inayat Ullah , Fatima Arshiya , Zehra Saiqa , Abbas Syed Mohammad Mehmood , Baloch Adil , Khan Ali Danish , khalid Ayesha , Khawaja Hashir Fahim , Haider Bangash Ali
Published: February 2022

Automated machine learning is explored to predict the quality of life via cognitive functioning parameters outlined in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children in pediatric brain tumour patients.
BAGAIMANA E-CRM DAPAT MEMBANGUN LOYALITAS DAN KEPUASAN KONSUMER
Authors: Graciella Regina Ivy
Published: February 2022

Dalam pasar yang sangat kompetitif, perusahaan perlu menjaga hubungan positif dengan pelanggan mereka. Sebuah program CRM (manajemen hubungan pelanggan) yang baik yang membantu perusahaan dalam memuaskan pelanggan, studi penelitian akan mengeksplorasi berbagai metode dan teknik untuk membangun CRM yang efektif untuk memuaskan pelanggan. Paper ini ingin menunjukkan bahwa manajemen hubungan pelanggan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dan kedua variabel memiliki hubungan positif. Perusahaan menjadikan CRM-nya yang kuat dan dapat diandalkan pelanggan akan lebih puas dan bertahan dengan perusahaan.
Integrating a Group-Based, Early Childhood Parenting Intervention into Primary Health Care Services in Rural Bangladesh: A Cluster-Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Mehrin Syeda Fardina , Hasan Mohammed Imrul , Tofail Fahmida , Shiraji Shamima , Ridout Deborah , Grantham-McGregor Sally , Hamadani Jena , Baker-Henningham Helen
Published: February 2022

Background: Over 250 million children globally do not reach their developmental potential. We tested whether integrating a group-based, early childhood parenting programme into government healthcare clinics improved children’s development, growth, and behaviour.Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomised controlled trial in 40 community clinics in the Kishorganj district of Bangladesh. We randomly assigned clinics (1:1) to deliver a group-based parenting interventions or to a comparison group that received no intervention. Participants were children aged 5-24 months, with weight-for-age z-score of ≤ -1.5 SDs of the WHO standards, living within a thirty-minute walking distance from the clinic (n=419 intervention, 366 control). Government health staff facilitated parenting sessions in the clinic with groups of four mother/child dyads fortnightly for one year. Primary outcomes measured at baseline and endline were child cognition, language and motor development, child behaviours during the test, and growth. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02208531Findings: 91% of children were tested at endline (396 intervention, 319 control). Multilevel analyses showed significant benefits of intervention to child cognition (effect size 0.85 SDs, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.11), language (0.69 SDs, 0.43 to 0.94), and motor development (0.52 SDs, 0.31 to 0.73), and to child behaviours during the test (ranging from 0.36 SDs, 0.14 to 0.58, to 0.53 SDs, 0.35 to 0.71). There were no significant effects on growth.Conclusion: A scalable parenting intervention, integrated into existing government health services and conducted by existing health staff as part of their routine duties, led to significant benefits to child development and behaviour.
Wine Quality and Type Prediction from Physicochemical Properties Using Neural Networks for Machine Learning: A Free Software for Winemakers and Customers
Authors: Mor Nuriel Shalom , Asras Tigabo , Gal Eli , Demasia Tesfahon , Tarab Ezra , Ezekiel Nathaniel , Nikapros Osher , Semimufar Oshri , Gladky Eva , Karpenko Maria , Sason Daniel , Maslov Danis , Mor Omri
Published: February 2022

Quality assessment is a crucial issue within the wine industry. The traditional way of assessing by human experts is time-consuming and very expensive. Machine learning techniques help in the process of quality assurance in a wide range of industries. The purpose of this study was to develop and offer free software, for winemakers and customers in which they can easily provide the physicochemical properties of the wine and receive an accurate prediction of the anticipated quality and type of the wine. We used comprehensive datasets of 6497 examples, which contained physicochemical properties and appropriate quality. We combined these datasets, built and trained several neural networks models. We evaluated their performance and selected the best model. Wine quality estimations were modeled as a regression problem and wine type detection as a classification problem. The best model performed well for the prediction of wine quality (root means squared error=0.54) and type (f-score=0.99). With our free software, winemakers and customers can examine how a fine change in each physicochemical property could affect the quality of the wine. They could easily figure out the importance of each physicochemical property, and which one to ignore for reduction of cost. The process is very fast, accurate, and does not require taste experts for sensory tests.
What Determines the Future Ecological Risks of Wastewater Discharges in River Networks: Load, Location or Climate Change?
Authors: Yang Soohyun , Büttner Olaf , Kumar Rohini , Basso Stefano , Borchardt Dietrich
Published: February 2022

Over the last decades, treatment of domestic wastewater promoted by environmental regulations have reduced human health risks and improved water quality. However, ecological risks caused by effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharged into rivers still persist. Moreover, the evolution of these ecological risks in the future is intimately related to effects of changing climate, especially regarding streamflow in receiving rivers. Here, we present a systematic and transferable framework for assessing the ecological risks posed by individual WWTP-effluents at the catchment-scale. The framework combines the size-class k of WWTPs, which is a proxy for load, with the location of their outflows in river networks, represented by its stream-order ω. We identify ecological risks by using three proxy indicators: the urban discharge fraction and the local-scale concentrations of each total phosphorous and ammonium-nitrogen discharged from WWTPs. About 3,200 WWTPs over three large catchments (Rhine, Elbe, and Weser) in Central Europe were analyzed by incorporating simulated streamflow for the most extreme projected climate change scenario. We found that WWTPs causing ecological risks in future prevail in lower stream-orders, across almost all size-classes. Distinct patterns of ecological risks are identified in the k-ω framework for different indicators and catchments. We show that, as climate changes, intensified risks are especially expected in lower stream-orders receiving effluents of intermediate size WWTPs. We discuss implications of our findings for prioritizing WWTPs advancement and urging updates on environmental regulations. Further applications of the k-ω framework are discussed to help achieving global long-term commitments on freshwater security.
The Reception of Selected Female Readers Toward Romance Story in The Wattpad
Authors: Basri Basri , Tamrin Andi Febriana
Published: February 2022

Along with the development of information technology, romance stories become literary variables including cyber literature in book applications such as Wattpad. This research used theory of reception literature. The purpose of this research was to describe the reception of selected female readers toward romance story in the Wattpad and the impact of a female reader’s life after reading a romance story in the Wattpad.This research is a qualitative descriptive methods. While, the instrument of this research are questionnaire and note taking to support the data collection. The source of the data of this research is selected female readers in Makassar whose age from eighteen to thirty were the respondents of this research.The result shows that the reception of female readers has been influenced by romance story brings the readers to a specific emotional attitude. Thus, it forms the horizon of expectation of the readers caused by the reader's knowledge of the genre of romance can change the mindset, contradictions between literary languages and non-literary, norms of knowledge that emerge from texts read by readers to get a value, and the contradiction between fiction and reality.
The Evolutionary Approach to Political Psychology
Authors: Petersen Michael Bang
Published: February 2022

It may seem strange to propose that biological evolution – and, hence, the deep pre-historic past of humans – has any relevance for political psychology. Afterall, is there anything more modern, technical, and complex than politics? Yet, the core argument of this chapter is that underneath this complexity is a number of fundamental problems of social life that we, as a species, have been recurrently facing for thousands and thousands of years. If evolution had not designed us to deal with these problems, we would not be here today and, accordingly, we should expect the human mind to contain a large number of psychological mechanisms specifically dedicated to political decision-making. While much research in political psychology laments the political sophistication of the average citizen, evolutionary approaches in contrast highlight the opposite. As will also be clear, however, our political nature was designed to solve problems in the particular environments of the ancestral past and, hence, will fail in predictable ways when applied to the problems that are unique to the politics of modern mass societies.
Age-Related Changes in Visual Working Memory Consolidation
Authors: Sghirripa Sabrina , Semmler John , Goldsworthy Mitchell
Published: February 2022

Visual working memory (WM) is vulnerable to age-related decline, but the causes of such performance deficits are unclear. Here, we investigated whether the ability to consolidate items into the visual WM store differs between young and older adults. 18 older (aged 60-77) and 17 younger adults (aged 18-35) completed a change detection paradigm that measured visual WM consolidation rate. A memory set of either 2, 4 or 6 coloured squares was presented, followed by a pattern mask to disrupt WM consolidation. The consolidation time between memory set and mask varied between 17 and 484 ms. We found that older adults demonstrated poorer performance (measured by d’) across all loads and were particularly affected by shorter consolidation times at load-2 compared with younger adults. However, both young and older adults were equally affected by the masks at load-4 and load-6. We demonstrate evidence for altered WM consolidation in older adults, which may explain poorer visual WM performance with age.
Nietzsche's Last Will
Authors: Krueger Joachim Israel
Published: February 2022

Reviews Bernard Reginster's (2021) book "The will to nothingness: An essay on Nietzsche’s On the genealogy of morality" Notes implications of Nietzsche's and Reginster's thinking for moral psychology.
Beautiful on the inside: Aesthetic preferences and the skeletal complexity of shapes
Authors: Sun Zekun , Firestone Chaz
Published: February 2022

A plain, blank canvas doesn’t look very beautiful; to make it aesthetically appealing requires adding structure and complexity. But how much structure is best? In other words, what is the relationship between beauty and complexity? It has long been hypothesized that complexity and beauty meet at a “sweet spot”, such that the most beautiful images are neither too simple nor too complex. Here, we take a novel experimental approach to this question, using an information-theoretic approach to object representation based on internal ’skeletal’ structure. We algorithmically generated a library of 2D polygons, and manipulated their complexity by gradually smoothing out their features — essentially decreasing the amount of information in the objects. We then stylized these shapes as “paintings” by rendering them with artistic strokes, and “mounted” them on framed canvases hung in a virtual room. Participants were shown pairs of these mounted shapes (which possessed similar structure but varied in their skeletal complexity), and were asked to choose which shape looked best by previewing how each painting appeared on the canvas. Experiment 1 revealed a “Goldilocks” effect: Participants preferred paintings that were neither too simple nor too complex, such that moderately complex shapes were chosen as the most attractive paintings. Experiment 2 isolated the role of complexity per se: When the same shapes were scrambled (such that their structural complexity was undermined, while other visual features were preserved), the Goldilocks effect was dramatically diminished. These findings suggest a quadratic relationship between aesthetics and complexity in ways that go beyond previous measures of each, and demonstrate the utility of information-theoretic approaches for exploring high-level aspects of visual experience.
Re-evaluating the relationship between pathogen avoidance and preferences for facial symmetry and sexual dimorphism: A registered report
Authors: Tybur Joshua M. , Fan Lei , Jones Benedict C , Holzleitner Iris Jasmin , Lee Anthony J , DeBruine Lisa Marie
Published: February 2022

Over the past decade, a small literature has tested how trait-level pathogen avoidance motives (e.g., disgust sensitivity) and exposure to pathogen cues relate to preferences for facial symmetry and sexual dimorphism. Results have largely been interpreted as suggesting that the behavioral immune system influences preferences for these features in potential mates. However, findings are limited by small sample sizes among studies reporting supportive evidence, the use of small stimulus sets to assess preferences for symmetry and dimorphism, and design features that render implications for theory ambiguous (namely, largely only investigating women’s preferences for male faces). The current registered report used the standard two-alternative forced-choice approach to evaluate both men’s and women’s preferences for both facial symmetry and dimorphism in both same- and opposite-sex targets in a sample of 954 UK Caucasian participants and a pool of 100 young adult Caucasian stimuli. Participants were randomly assigned to either a pathogen prime or a control prime, and they completed instruments assessing individual differences in pathogen avoidance (disgust sensitivity and contamination sensitivity). Results revealed overall preferences for both facial symmetry and dimorphism. However, they did not reveal a relation between these preferences and disgust sensitivity or contamination sensitivity, nor did they reveal differences in these preferences across control and pathogen prime conditions. Null results of pathogen-avoidance variables were consistent across participant sex, target sex, and interactions between participant sex and target sex. Overall, findings cast doubt on the hypothesis that pathogen-avoidance motives influence preferences for facial symmetry or dimorphism.
The complexity of measuring reliability in learning tasks: An illustration using the Alternating Serial Reaction Time task
Authors: Farkas Bence Csaba , Krajcsi Attila , Janacsek Karolina , Nemeth Dezso
Published: February 2022

Despite the fact that reliability estimation is crucial for robust inference, it is underutilized in neuroscience and cognitive psychology. Appreciating reliability can help researchers increase statistical power, effect sizes and reproducibility, decrease the impact of measurement error and inform methodological choices. However, accurately calculating reliability for many experimental learning tasks is challenging. In this study, we highlight a number of these issues, and estimate multiple metrics of internal consistency and split-half reliability of a widely used learning task, on a large sample of 180 subjects. We show how pre-processing choices, task length and sample size can affect reliability and its estimation. Our results show that the Alternating Serial Reaction Time Task has respectable reliability, especially when learning scores are calculated based on reaction times, and two-stage averaging. We also show that a task length of 25 blocks can be sufficient to meet usual thresholds for minimally acceptable reliability. We further illustrate how relying on a single point estimate of reliability can be misleading, and the calculation of multiple metrics, along with their uncertainties can lead to a more complete characterization of the psychometric properties of tasks.
Systemic challenges in health service psychology internship training: A call to action from trainee stakeholders
Authors: Palitsky Roman , Kaplan Deanna M , Brodt Madeline A , Anderson Micheline R. , Athey Alison , Coffino Jaime A , Egbert Amy , Hallowell Emily , Han Gloria T , Hartmann Marco-Antonio , Herbitter Cara , Legon Manuel J Herrera , Hughes Christopher D , Jao Nancy C. , Kassel Michelle T , Le Thien-An , Levin-Aspenson Holly Frances , López Gabriela , Maroney Meredith R , Medrano Michael , Reznik Samantha J , Rogers Megan L. , Stevenson Brittany
Published: February 2022

The challenges observed in health service psychology (HSP) training during COVID-19 revealed systemic and philosophical issues that preexisted the pandemic, but became more visible during the global health crisis. In a position paper written by 23 trainees across different sites and training specializations, the authors use lessons learned from COVID-19 as a touchstone for a call to action in HSP training. Historically, trainee voices have been conspicuously absent from literature about clinical training. We describe longstanding dilemmas in HSP training that were exacerbated by the pandemic and will continue to require resolution after the pandemic has subsided. The authors make recommendations for systems-level changes that would advance equity and sustainability in HSP training. This article advances the conversation about HSP training by including the perspective of trainees as essential stakeholders.
Reduced social contact and attachment insecurity as predictors of loneliness during COVID-19: a two-month experience sampling study
Authors: Lewis Katie C , ROCHE MICHAEL J , Brown Fiona , Tillman Jane
Published: February 2022

The impact of reduced social contact on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic has been identified as a major public health concern. While personality factors such as attachment style have been associated with psychological distress during the pandemic, the longitudinal relevance of these factors and the role of daily social contact in mitigating distress remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the impact of social contact and attachment style on changes in loneliness over an 8-week experience sampling period during the COVID-19 pandemic. A general adult sample (n=184) recruited online completed measures of psychological distress, attachment, and loneliness via smartphone. Loneliness and daily social contact were assessed twice per week for eight weeks, yielding 1,124 unique observations. During the experience sampling period, proximal increases in loneliness were associated with decreased daily in-person contact. In contrast, participants who described themselves as having fewer interactions via text, phone, or videoconferencing, as well as those with higher anxious and avoidant attachment traits, reported greater experiences of loneliness over time. These findings suggest the relevance of both enduring personality characteristics and daily social behaviors as risk factors for loneliness during the pandemic, pointing to potential targets for clinical intervention and future empirical study.
Delay discounting: Numerical estimation of gamification’s impact on motivation and performance
Authors: Harvey Sophie , Jensen Greg , Anderson Kristen G
Published: February 2022

Gamification is the application of game design methods to a non-game context. To assess the impact of gamification on a common psychological task, we performed two experiments where the effects of gamification on the delay discounting task were evaluated. Experiment 1 compared three versions of the delay discounting task with differing levels of gamification and compared performance and task enjoyment across those variations. Participants found the task in the fully-gamified condition more enjoyable than the other conditions, although they also displayed small differences in task performance. Experiment 2 used two conditions, and participants once again enjoyed the gamified condition more than the control, despite performing comparably in both tasks. More sophisticated graphics and gameplay can provide a more enjoyable experience for participants without undermining delay discounting effects commonly reported in the literature.
Optimal nudging for cognitively bounded agents: A framework for modeling, predicting, and controlling the effects of choice architectures
Authors: Callaway Frederick , Hardy Mathew , Griffiths Tom
Published: February 2022

People's judgments and decisions often deviate from classical notions of rationality, incurring costs both to themselves and to society. One way to reduce the costs of poor decisions is to redesign the decision problems people face to encourage better choices. While often subtle, these \emph{nudges} can have dramatic effects on behavior and are increasingly popular in public policy, healthcare, and marketing. Although nudges are often designed with psychological theories in mind, they are typically not formalized in computational terms and their effects can be hard to predict. As a result, designing nudges can be difficult and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we propose a computational framework for understanding and predicting the effects of nudges. Our framework builds on recent work modeling human decision-making as adaptive use of limited cognitive resources, an approach called \emph{resource-rational analysis}. Concretely, nudges change the optimal sequence of cognitive operations an agent should execute, which in turn influences the agent's behavior. We first show that our framework can account for known effects of nudges based on default options, suggested alternatives, and information highlighting. In each case, we validate the model's predictions in an experimental process-tracing paradigm. We then show how the framework can be used to automatically construct optimal nudges, and demonstrate that these nudges improve people's decisions more than intuitive heuristic approaches. Overall, our results show that resource-rational analysis is a promising framework for formally characterizing and constructing nudges.
Binge drinkers shouldn’t set their own alcohol reduction goals! evaluating the effectiveness of different goal-based alcohol reduction interventions among young people
Authors: Rubin Mark , Hutton Alison
Published: February 2022

The present research aimed to investigate the relative effectiveness of three types of alcohol reduction intervention. Participants were 354 university students from an Australian university. After completing an initial survey, they were randomly assigned to either (a) follow national guidelines for alcohol consumption, (b) set their own personal alcohol consumption reduction goal, or (c) work with their peers to set a goal. Participants then recorded their alcohol consumption in a drinking diary over a period of four weeks. The results showed that participants in the personal goal condition reported significantly higher alcohol consumption than those in the national guidelines conditions, with participants in the group goal condition reporting mid-level alcohol consumption. This effect was moderated by binge drinking propensity. Personal goal setting was most likely to lead to higher alcohol consumption when participants scored relatively high on measures of binge drinking propensity. These findings highlight the point that different types of alcohol reduction interventions may be effective for different types of people. In particular, people who have a relatively high propensity for binge drinking should be encouraged to follow goals that have been set by authorities (e.g., national guidelines) rather than by themselves.
Social Network Structure and Combating Social Disconnection: Implications for Physical Health
Authors: Farrell Allison K. , Stanton Sarah C. E. , Marshall Emma
Published: February 2022

Disconnection from one’s social network has detrimental links to physical health outcomes, and there has been increased interest in treating social disconnection as a public health issue. Two perspectives guide much of the research on social networks, social disconnection, and physical health. One perspective emphasizes the quality of social ties over the quantity of social ties, whereas the other emphasizes quantity over quality. In this article, we discuss the importance of combining these perspectives to promote forming networks consisting of a few close relationships in addition to some peripheral ties to effectively combat social disconnection and maintain and promote better health. We also highlight important avenues for future research, including identifying critical moderators (e.g., age, culture) and using social network interventions to address issues of causality.
Nightmares are Associated with Greater Perceived Sleep Debt
Authors: Smith Sophie , Perez Sofia Hempelmann , Carling Sara , Gold Ian , Solomonova Elizaveta
Published: February 2022

Nightmares are intense emotional experiences that can greatly alter sleep quality and affect most people at some point in their lives. Yet little research has focused on the relationship between nightmares and the subjective experience of sleep quality. In this study, we aimed at investigating the relationship between nightmare frequency, subjective sleep duration, subjective estimation of sleep need and perceived sleep debt. We found that nightmares are related to altered sleep need perception: frequent nightmare sufferers report the same amount of sleep as those who do not have nightmares, yet they are in a greater perceived sleep debt. That is, they believe they need more sleep than they are getting. This finding demonstrates the importance of clarifying the relationship between subjective sleep experiences and dysphoric dreaming in addition to and beyond normative metrics of sleep quality and duration.
No Intolerance of Errors: The effect of Intolerance of Uncertainty on Performance Monitoring Revisited
Authors: Malbec Marcelo , Hindmarsh Joshua Neil , Jongerling Joran , Franken Ingmar H.A. , Wieser Matthias J
Published: February 2022

Errors have been conceptualized as internal forms of threat that can cause harm in unpredictable ways. An index of error processing is the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential reflecting variability in the sensitivity to errors. Prior work has shown the relationship between psychopathology symptoms and the ERN is unclear, and may be moderated by intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a trait that captures how people react to unpredictability. IU includes two subfactors of prospective IU (active seeking of predictability) and inhibitory IU (behavioral paralysis). In the present study, 182 undergraduates performed an Eriksen flanker task designed to elicit the ERN, while brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG). Participants completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, Short Form (IUS-12), and other measures of anxiety and depression. Total IU was not associated with the ERN in our sample, corroborating previous findings. However, in contrast to previous findings, the IU subfactors did also not predict the ERN or post-error slowing (PES), nor did total IU and depression interact to predict the ERN. Exploratory analyses also showed that total IU did not moderate the relationship between trait anxiety and the ERN. Small samples may have previously exaggerated the links between selfreported IU and the ERN. As such, further high-powered replications are required to confirm if, and how, they are related.
Imperative markers: A comparison of monolingual and bilingual early language acquisition
Authors: Raghunathan Arathi , Krishnan Gayathri G , Sarma Vaijayanthi M
Published: February 2022

‘Bare’ verbs are in abundance in early acquisition data. The presence of these verbs is one of the reasons for hypothesizing the lack of agreement inflections or projections in early language acquisition theories. The affirmative, singular, imperative form is the only 'bare' form in the adult grammar and we argue that child grammar is no different (Lakshmanan, 2006). The bare forms in the data are not really bare. It provides clues to how the grammar is organized internally and how the typologies of the languages that a child is exposed to might influence early utterances.Imperatives are produced as an order, command or request. Usually, these productions in children are accompanied by gestures or a peak in intonation (Sarma, 1999). Cross-linguistically, imperatives are morphologically sparse (Schwager, 2011). The subject of an imperative is optional even in languages that require them ordinarily, for example, English. In this paper, we focus on the morphological marking of the imperative mood and not the periphrastic imperative structures. Drawing on evidence from longitudinal monolingual and bilingual first language acquisition data, we will argue that typological differences play out differently in monolingual and bilingual inflectional development taking Malayalam and English imperatives as cases in point. We shall attempt to explain the occurrence of certain imperative forms in the language context by tracing the differences and similarities in the spontaneous acquisition data of two monolingual children and one bilingual child.
Twilight of Rationality
Authors: Krueger Joachim Israel
Published: February 2022

Reviews Keith Stanovich's (2021) ‘The bias that divides us: The science and politics of myside thinking’, Highlights implications for research on rationality and current cultural trends, especially on university campuses.
Brief memory reactivations induce learning in the numeric domain
Authors: Schrift Gilad , Dotan Dror , Censor Nitzan
Published: February 2022

Learning of arithmetic facts such as the multiplication table requires time-consuming, repeated practice. In light of evidence indicating that reactivation of encoded memories can modulate learning and memory processes at the synaptic, system and behavioral levels, we asked whether brief memory reactivations can induce human learning in the numeric domain. Adult participants performed a novel number-fact retrieval task in which they learned arbitrary numeric facts. Following encoding and a baseline test, 3 passive, brief reactivation sessions of only 40 seconds each were conducted on separate days. Learning was evaluated in a retest session. Results showed reactivations induced learning, with improved performance at retest relative to baseline test. Furthermore, performance was superior compared to a control group performing test-retest sessions without reactivations, who showed significant memory deterioration. A standard practice group completed active-retrieval sessions on 3 separate days, and showed significant learning gains. Interestingly, while these gains were higher than those of the reactivations group, subjects showing reactivation-induced learning were characterized by superior efficiency relative to standard practice subjects, with higher rate of improvement per practice time. A follow-up long-term retention experiment showed that 30 days following initial practice, weekly brief reactivations reduced forgetting, with participants performing superior to controls undergoing the same initial practice without reactivations. Overall, the results demonstrate that brief passive reactivations induce efficient learning and reduce forgetting within a numerical context. Time-efficient practice in the numeric domain carries implications for enhancement of learning strategies in daily-life settings, including in learning disorders caused by neurological conditions.
Social cognitive bias increases loneliness both directly and by decreasing social connection in patients with schizophrenia.
Authors: Okruszek Łukasz , Piejka Aleksandra , Chrustowicz Marta , Krawczyk Małgorzata , Jarkiewicz Michał , Schudy Anna , Ludwig Kelsey Ann , Pinkham Amy
Published: February 2022

While considerable emphasis has been put on investigating the mechanisms that drive reduced social connection in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), recent studies have increasingly focused on the issue of loneliness in SCZ. Both social cognitive bias and self-reported empathy predict loneliness in non-clinical populations, the current study, therefore, aims to examine the relationship between loneliness, reduced social connection and social cognitive biases, and self-reported empathy in SCZ. Ninety-three adult SCZ and sixty-six matched healthy individuals completed a battery of questionnaires measuring loneliness and social connection (Revised-UCLA Loneliness scale, Lubben Social Network Scale, Social Disconnectedness Scale), cognitive biases (Ambiguous Intentions Hostility Questionnaire (AIHQ); Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS), Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for psychosis, CBQp) and self-reported empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI). Significant predictors of loneliness in SCZ were entered into two latent variables (“Social Threat Bias”, “Social Connection”), and structural equation modeling was used to explore the direct and indirect relationships between Social Threat Bias and loneliness in SCZ. Patients reported higher levels of loneliness, cognitive biases, and personal distress compared to controls. Furthermore, SCZ reported less social connection and perspective-taking compared to controls. AIHQ Blame Score, CBQp Threatening Events, DACOBS, and IRI Personal Distress were significantly associated with loneliness in SCZ. SEM modeling revealed that Social Threat Bias was linked to increased loneliness in SCZ both directly and indirectly via a decreased social connection. The results of the current study suggest that social threat bias should be considered while planning the interventions aimed to reduce loneliness in schizophrenia.
Exploring Randomness in Autism
Authors: Mantas Vasileios , Kotoula Vasileia , Pehlivanidis Artemios
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The fast, intuitive and autonomous system 1 along with the slow, analytical and more logical system 2 constitute the dual system processing model of decision making. Whether acting independently or influencing each other both systems would, to an extent, rely on randomness in order to reach a decision. The role of randomness however, would be more pronounced when arbitrary choices need to be made, typically engaging system 1. The present exploratory study aims to capture the expression of a possible innate randomness mechanism, as proposed by the authors, by trying to isolate system 1 and examine arbitrary decision making in autistic participants with high functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Methods: Autistic participants with high functioning ASD and an age and gender matched comparison group performed the random number generation task. The task was modified to limit the contribution of working memory and allow any innate randomness mechanisms expressed through system 1, to emerge.Results: Utilizing a standard analyses approach, the random number sequences produced by autistic individuals and the comparison group did not differ in their randomness characteristics. No significant differences were identified when the sequences were examined using a moving window approach. When machine learning was used, random sequences’ features could discriminate the groups with relatively high accuracy.Conclusions: Our findings indicate the possibility that individual patterns during random sequence production could be consistent enough between groups to allow for an accurate discrimination between the autistic and the comparison group. In order however, to draw firm conclusions around innate randomness and further validate our experiment, our findings need to be replicated in a bigger sample.
‘Feeling Fat’ Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining the Role of Emotion Dysregulation in the Body Displacement Hypothesis
Authors: Mehak Adrienne , Miller Alexia , Trolio Vittoria , Racine Sarah Elizabeth
Published: February 2022

‘Feeling fat,’ the somatic experience of being overweight not entirely explained by objective weight, may occur due to the projection of negative affect onto the body. Individuals may manage ‘feeling fat’ via eating pathology (e.g., binge eating or dietary restriction) rather than address the source of negative affect. Thus, ‘feeling fat’ may occur in the absence of adaptive emotion regulation strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative affect widely and may potentially contribute to the experience of ‘feeling fat’ and eating pathology among individuals with emotion dysregulation. This study examined whether emotion dysregulation moderates ‘feeling fat’s role as a mechanism underlying the relationship between COVID-19-related distress and eating pathology. This uniqueness of this model to eating pathology was investigated by comparing effects for binge eating and dietary restriction versus anxiety, depression, and problematic alcohol use. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze questionnaire data from 877 participants (77.3% women). ‘Feeling fat’ explained significant variance in the relationship between COVID-19-related distress and both binge eating and restriction. Emotion dysregulation moderated the strength of these relationships. However, ‘feeling fat’s role in the relationship between pandemic-related distress and negative psychological outcomes was not unique to eating pathology and did not vary based upon emotion dysregulation. Individuals with elevated emotion dysregulation are more likely to report eating pathology, but not other outcomes, when experiencing increased ‘feeling fat’. In contrast, ‘feeling fat’ underlies the relationship between COVID-19-related distress and transdiagnostic psychological outcomes, meaning ‘feeling fat’ should be considered a risk for psychopathology beyond eating disorders.
The Effect of Uncertainty on Pain Decisions for Self and Others
Authors: Loued-Khenissi Leyla , Martin-Brevet Sandra , Schumacher Luis Joachim , Corradi-Dell'Acqua Corrado
Published: February 2022

Estimating others’ pain is a challenging inferential process, associated with a high degree of uncertainty. The present study exploited models of probabilistic decision-making to investigate how uncertainty influences the assessment of another’s pain. We engaged sixty-three dyads (43 strangers and 20 romantic couples) in a task where individual choices affected the pain delivered to either oneself (the agent) or the other member of the dyad. At each trial, agents were presented with cues predicting a given pain intensity with an associated probability of occurrences. Agents chose either a sure (mild decrease of pain) or risky (50% chance of avoiding pain altogether) management option, following which they were asked to bid on their choice. A heat stimulation was then issued to the target (self or other), whose intensity was rated. We found that, the higher the expected pain, the more risk-averse agents became, in line with findings in value-based decision-making. Furthermore, agents gambled less on another individual’s pain (especially strangers) and placed higher bids on pain relief than they did for themselves. Most critically, the uncertainty associated with expected pain dampened ratings made for strangers’ pain. This contrasted with the effect on an agent’s own pain, for which risk had a marginal hyperalgesic effect. Overall, our results suggested that risk selectively affects decision-making on a stranger’s suffering, both at the level of assessment and treatment selection, by 1) leading to underestimation, 2) privileging sure options, and 3) altruistically allocating more money to insure the treatment’s success.
A qualitative exploration of the psychological impact of COVID-19 lockdown measures on Irish university students
Authors: Owens Abigale , Cassarino Marica
Published: February 2022

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has caused significant mentalhealth challenges across various populations but the psychological impact on universitystudents, who represent a population particularly vulnerable to psychological distress, are yet to be understood. Using a socio-ecological lens, this qualitative research used onlineinterviews to explore university students’ experience of COVID-19 lockdown and thepsychological impact of these measures. Coping strategies used by students to deal with these circumstances were also identified. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 Irish students during the third wave of COVID-19 (January 2021) and the strictest lockdown measures. Thematic analysis identified three themes which highlighted how students were ‘negotiating change’ (theme 1), both in terms of lifestyle, academic life and social interactions. As a result of these major shifts in lifestyle, many experienced ‘feelings of loss’ (theme 2) at an intrapersonal, interpersonal and organisational level. Despite these challenging experiences of change and loss, participants also reflected on the positive aspects of lockdown, such as personal growth and improved social and family relationships (theme 3). Close relationships, goal setting, and self-care were identified as key coping strategies. These findings expands existing research on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and highlighted the important role of third level institutions in promoting students’ self-efficacy and personal development along with academic achievement.
Individual differences in the Pd component support object-file updating as the source of the same-location cost in attentional orienting
Authors: Bradley Claire , Harris Anthony , Yoo Sera Yijing , Mattingley Jason
Published: February 2022

Spatial cues that mismatch the colour of a subsequent target have recently been shown to slow responses to that target. The source of this ‘same location cost’ (SLC) is currently unknown. Two potential sources are attentional signal suppression and object-file updating. Here, we tested these accounts by reanalysing data from a previously published spatial-cueing study in which we recorded brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG), and focusing on the event-related PD component, which is thought to index attentional signal suppression. Correlating PD component amplitude with SLC magnitude gives rise to two opposing predictions. If attentional signal suppression is the source of the SLC, then the SLC should be positively correlated with PD amplitude. Alternatively, if object-file updating is the source of the SLC, the SLC should be negatively correlated with PD magnitude, as a more suppressed signal should be easier to update with subsequent target features. Forty-eight participants performed a colour-based spatial-cueing task, and showed a pattern of reaction times consistent with an SLC. Across participants, SLC and PD magnitudes were negatively correlated (r=-.41, p=.004). This finding is not compatible with an attentional suppression account of the SLC, and instead supports object-file updating as the source of the SLC.