bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Barriers and Pathways to Care Among College Students at Risk of or Diagnosed with First Episode Psychosis
Authors: Crisanti Annette S. , Saavedra Justine L. , Barans Sam , Romero Perla M. , Dark Natasha , Friedman Bess , Lardier David T. , Bustillo Juan , Tohen Mauricio , Lenroot Rhoshel , Murray-Krezan Cristina
Published: February 2025

Prolonged untreated psychosis worsens outcomes, thus motivating the study of pathways and perceived barriers to care, especially for high-risk age groups like college students. The primary objective of this study was to explore pathways to coordinated specialty care (CSC) and perceived barriers to care in college students at high risk for psychosis or with first-episode psychosis and determine any association between them. Twenty-four college students enrolled in CSC completed the Circumstances of Onset and Relapse Schedule and Barriers to Seeking Psychological Help Scale (BSPHS). Non-parametric tests were used for two-group analyses, and medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) were calculated. The median number of total contacts along the pathway to CSC was 5.0 (IQR = 5.2), with more psychiatric contacts (Mdn. = 3.0, IQR = 2.2) than non-psychiatric contacts (Mdn. = 2.0, IQR = 3.0). Students whose first contact was with non-psychiatric services had longer pathways to care overall, with a higher median number of total psychiatric as well as non-psychiatric contacts relative to students whose first contact was with psychiatric services. With the highest possible total BSPHS score being 5, the median score was 2.7 (IQR = 0.8). Targeted psychosis literacy training for non-mental health professionals and anti-stigma campaigns for college students may help reduce the duration of untreated psychosis.
Bridging Doctrinal Divides: Analyzing Ecumenical Dialogue Between Catholics and Protestants in South Korea
Authors: Son Eunsil
Published: February 2025

The remarkable growth of Catholicism and Protestantism in Korea has garnered significant attention in the history of Asian missions. However, their relationship has predominantly been characterized by persistent conflicts and competition, with limited progress in ecumenical efforts. This study examines the ecumenical dialogue between Catholics and Protestants in Korea, focusing on the doctrinal issues central to their divisions. The analysis reveals that many of these disputes stem from doctrinal controversies introduced by Western missionaries in the early 20th century. Through a detailed examination of dialogue documents, the study demonstrates that despite over two decades of concentrated ecumenical efforts since 2000—when serious discussions on doctrinal matters began—progress remains limited. This stagnation is attributed to the lack of rigorous academic inquiry, insufficient engagement with global ecumenical movements, and ineffective dialogue methodologies. Finally, the article provides suggestions for fostering the local adoption of global ecumenical initiatives and promoting greater unity among Christians.
A Methodology for Estimating Frost Intensity and Damage in Orange Groves Using Meteosat Data: A Case Study in the Valencian Community
Authors: Gimeno Sergio , Crisafulli Virginia , Sobrino-Gómez Álvaro , Sobrino José Antonio
Published: February 2025

Citrus cultivation represents one of the major economic pillars of the Valencian Community (Spain). Frost events pose a significant threat to these plantations, resulting in substantial economic losses. This study aims to assess the frequency and intensity of frost occurrences in the region from 2004 to 2023, using Meteosat Second Generation satellite imagery. These images provide daily land surface temperature data at 15 min intervals. Frost days were defined as those when temperatures fell below −2.3 °C, the threshold at which orange fruits become susceptible to damage, with different temperature thresholds applied to estimate varying levels of crop damage. Frost duration was also analyzed to classify event intensity and its potential impact on citrus crops. Annual comparisons revealed a decline in both the severity and frequency of frosts, particularly in cases of “moderate” and “intense” damage, supporting forecasts of increased regional aridity and suggesting new opportunities for expanding citrus cultivation to higher altitudes. When compared with farmers’ records, this study’s methodology proves effective in assessing frost impact and offers potential use for winter crop insurance. Validation was conducted using in situ data from the Spanish National Meteorological Agency (AEMET).
Anomaly-Aware Tropical Cyclone Track Prediction Using Multi-Scale Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Huang He , Deng Difei , Hu Liang , Sun Nan
Published: February 2025

Tropical cyclones (TCs) frequently encompass multiple hazards, including extreme winds, intense rainfall, storm surges, flooding, lightning, and tornadoes. Accurate methods for forecasting TC tracks are essential to mitigate the loss of life and property associated with these hazards. Despite significant advancements, accurately forecasting the paths of TCs remains a challenge, particularly when they interact with complex land features, weaken into remnants after landfall, or are influenced by abnormal satellite observations. To address these challenges, we propose a generative adversarial network (GAN) model with a multi-scale architecture that processes input data at four distinct resolution levels. The model is designed to handle diverse inputs, including satellite cloud imagery, vorticity, wind speed, and geopotential height, and it features an advanced center detection algorithm to ensure precise TC center identification. Our model demonstrates robustness during testing, accurately predicting TC paths over both ocean and land while also identifying weak TC remnants. Compared to other deep learning approaches, our method achieves superior detection accuracy with an average error of 41.0 km for all landfalling TCs in Australia from 2015 to 2020. Notably, for five TCs with abnormal satellite observations, our model maintains high accuracy with a prediction error of 35.2 km, which is a scenario often overlooked by other approaches.
A Novel Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) System for Water Content Estimation in Soils: Development and Application
Authors: Comegna Alessandro , Di Prima Simone , Hassan Shawcat Basel Mostafa , Coppola Antonio
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, there is a particular need to estimate soil water content accurately over space and time scales in various applications. For example, precision agriculture, as well as the fields of geology, ecology, and hydrology, necessitate rapid, onsite water content measurements. The time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique is a geophysical method that allows, in a time-varying electric field, the determination of dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity for a wide class of porous materials. Measuring the volumetric water content in soils is the most frequent application of TDR in soil science and soil hydrology. TDR has grown in popularity over the last 40 years because it is a practical and non-destructive technique that provides laboratory and field-scale measurements. However, a significant limitation of this technique is the relatively high cost of TDR devices, despite the availability of a range of commercial systems with varying prices. This paper aimed to design and implement a low-cost, compact TDR device tailored for classical hydrological applications. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out on soils of different textures to calibrate and validate the proposed measuring system. The results show that the device can be used to obtain predictions for monitoring soil water status with acceptable accuracy (R2 = 0.95).
Mid-Infrared Photonic Sensors: Exploring Fundamentals, Advanced Materials, and Cutting-Edge Applications
Authors: Butt Muhammad A. , Juchniewicz Marcin , Słowikowski Mateusz , Kozłowski Łukasz , Piramidowicz Ryszard
Published: February 2025

Mid-infrared (MIR) photonic sensors are revolutionizing optical sensing by enabling precise chemical and biological detection through the interrogation of molecules’ unique vibrational modes. This review explores the core principles of MIR photonics, emphasizing the light–matter interactions within the 2–20 µm wavelength range. Additionally, it examines innovative sensor architectures, such as integrated photonic platforms and optical fibers, that enhance sensitivity, specificity, and device miniaturization. The discussion extends to groundbreaking applications in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, industrial processes, and security, highlighting the transformative impact of these technologies. This comprehensive overview aims to illuminate the current state-of-the-art while inspiring future developments in MIR photonic sensing.
Laser Stripe Centerline Extraction Method for Deep-Hole Inner Surfaces Based on Line-Structured Light Vision Sensing
Authors: Du Huifu , Yu Daguo , Zhao Xiaowei , Zhou Ziyang
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a point cloud post-processing method based on the minimum spanning tree (MST) and depth-first search (DFS) to extract laser stripe centerlines from the complex inner surfaces of deep holes. Addressing the limitations of traditional image processing methods, which are affected by burrs and low-frequency random noise, this method utilizes 360° structured light to illuminate the inner wall of the deep hole. A sensor captures laser stripe images, and the Steger algorithm is employed to extract sub-pixel point clouds. Subsequently, an MST is used to construct the point cloud connectivity structure, while DFS is applied for path search and noise removal to enhance extraction accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate that this method significantly improves extraction accuracy, with a dice similarity coefficient (DSC) approaching 1 and a maximum Hausdorff distance (HD) of 3.3821 pixels, outperforming previous methods. This study provides an efficient and reliable solution for the precise extraction of complex laser stripes and lays a solid data foundation for subsequent feature parameter calculations and 3D reconstruction.
A Node Generation and Refinement Algorithm in Meshless RPIM for Electromagnetic Analysis of Sensors
Authors: Li Zihao , An Siguang , Zou Guoping , Han Jianqiang
Published: February 2025

In sensor design, electromagnetic field numerical simulation techniques are widely used to investigate the working principles of sensors. These analyses help designers understand how sensors detect and respond to external signals during operation. One popular method for electromagnetic field computation is the meshless radial point interpolation method (RPIM), where the number and distribution of nodes are critical to ensuring both accuracy and efficiency. However, traditional RPIM methods often face challenges in achieving stable and precise results, particularly in complex electromagnetic environments. In order to enhance the stability and accuracy of electromagnetic numerical calculations, a node generation and adaptive refinement algorithm for the meshless RPIM is proposed. The proposed approach includes an initial node-generation method designed to optimize the balance between computational accuracy and efficiency, as well as a dynamic error threshold and hybrid node refinement method to precisely identify and adaptively refine areas requiring additional nodes, ensuring high precision in critical regions. The proposed method was validated through its application to electrostatic fields and multi-media magnetic fields, demonstrating significant improvements in both stability and accuracy compared with conventional RPIM approaches. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed algorithm to enhance the reliability and precision of electromagnetic field simulations in sensor design and related applications.
CAML-PSPNet: A Medical Image Segmentation Network Based on Coordinate Attention and a Mixed Loss Function
Authors: Li Yuxia , Li Peng , Wang Hailing , Gong Xiaomei , Fang Zhijun
Published: February 2025

The problems of missed segmentation with fuzzy boundaries of segmented regions and small regions are common in segmentation tasks, and greatly decrease the accuracy of clinicians’ diagnosis. For this, a new network based on PSPNet, using a coordinate attention mechanism and a mixed loss function for segmentation (CAML-PSPNet), is proposed. Firstly, the coordinate attention module splits the input feature map into horizontal and vertical directions to locate the edge position of the segmentation target. Then, a Mixed Loss function (MLF) is introduced in the model training stage to solve the problem of the low accuracy of small-target tumor segmentation. Finally, the lightweight MobilenetV2 is utilized in backbone feature extraction, which largely reduces the model’s parameter count and enhances computation speed. Three datasets—PrivateLT, Kvasir-SEG and ISIC 2017—are selected for the experimental part, and the experimental results demonstrate significant enhancements in both visual effects and evaluation metrics for the segmentation achieved by CAML-PSPNet. Compared with Deeplabv3, HrNet, U-Net and PSPNet networks, the average intersection rates of CAML-PSPNet are increased by 2.84%, 3.1%, 5.4% and 3.08% on lung cancer data, 7.54%, 3.1%, 5.91% and 8.78% on Kvasir-SEG data, and 1.97%, 0.71%, 3.83% and 0.78% on ISIC 2017 data, respectively. When compared to other methods, CAML-PSPNet has the greatest similarity with the gold standard in boundary segmentation, and effectively enhances the segmentation accuracy for small targets.
Light-Activated Room Temperature Surface Acoustic Wave H2S Sensor Based on Bi2S3 Nanoribbons
Authors: Li Chong , Ramadan Sami , Kan Hao , Wang Lina
Published: February 2025

The expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has rendered wireless passive, highly stable, and room-temperature gas sensors indispensable for sensor applications. In this work, a room-temperature surface acoustic wave (SAW) H2S sensor based on a thin film of nano-mesh woven with Bi2S3 nanoribbons was successfully designed and prepared. The impact of varying inorganic salts solution ligand substitution of long-chain organic ligands of Bi2S3 films on performance was assessed. Notably, the responses of the sensors following ligand substitution exhibited improvement to varying degrees. In particular, the Cu(NO3)2-treated sensor to 10 ppm H2S was 203% of that of the untreated sensor. Furthermore, the impact of visible light activation on sensor performance was assessed. The results show the sensor has a high sensitivity to H2S molecules under yellow light activation at room temperature, with excellent selectivity, fast response speed and low detection limit. The sensor exhibited a response to 10 ppm H2S under yellow light activation that was approximately equal ~ two times greater than the response observed in a dark environment. This work provides a novel approach to enhance the performance of room-temperature SAW H2S sensors.
The Performance and Role of PSMA PET Scans in Localised Prostate Cancer
Authors: Liu Jianliang , Dunne Jack , Touijer Karim A. , Perera Marlon , Lawrentschuk Nathan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers in men. While PSA testing aids in early detection, it often identifies clinically insignificant PCa (ciPCa), which may not necessitate treatment. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET scans have emerged as a promising tool to evaluate of localised PCa. This review aims to assess the current evidence of using PSMA PET scans for localised PCa. Methods: Peer-reviewed publications on PSMA PET scans in localised PCa, from inception to May 2024, were retrieved from PubMed. The outcomes evaluated included diagnostic performance in identifying intraprostatic lesions, detecting csPCa (ISUP GG ≥ 2), and role peri-treatment. Results: The addition of PSMA PET/CT to MRI improved the sensitivity (from 83% to 97%) and NPV (72% to 91%) of detecting csPCa. PSMA PET helped improve risk stratification in active surveillance by identifying MRI-occult lesions in up to 29% of patients, of which up to 10% may harbour underlying unfavourable pathology. In local staging, PSMA PET/MRI outperforms MRI in identifying extra-prostatic extension (77% vs. 73%) and seminal vesicle invasion (90% vs. 87%). PSMA PET scans are also superior to MRI in nodal staging and bone scans in identifying bony metastasis. PSMA PET scans appear useful in guiding treatment of localised PCa and aiding follow-up. Conclusions: PSMA PET scans are valuable for evaluating localised PCa by improving the detection of csPCa and enhancing local staging. However, most available studies are retrospective, and long-term oncological outcomes remain underreported due to the relative novelty of PSMA PET scans.
Therapeutic Options for Advanced Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Bouchard Béatrice , Campeau Lysanne
Published: February 2025

Background: Advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) can have a significant impact on women’s health and quality of life (QoL). Several treatments, both conservative and surgical, can be offered to patients. These include vaginal pessaries, abdominal reconstructive surgeries, vaginal reconstruction, as well as obliterative procedures. Methods: This is a narrative review of the management of advanced POP using the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. Results: Gellhorn pessaries are the most used space-occupying pessaries, with good long-term success rates. The only space-occupying pessaries that allow for self-management by the patient and that could be associated with prolapse reduction are cube pessaries. Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (L-SCP) is the gold standard for POP surgery. Other abdominal reconstructive procedures include sacrocervicopexy (SCerP) and laparoscopic lateral suspension (LLS). The two most common vaginal reconstructive techniques are sacrospinous ligament fixation (SSLF) and uterosacral ligament suspension (USLS). Both procedures have comparable success rates. Obliterative procedures include the total, Lefort, and Labhart colpocleisis. These procedures are ideal for women who do not wish to have intercourse or who cannot tolerate extensive surgical procedures. There is a general tendency towards uterine preservation when performing these surgeries. Conclusions: Several therapeutic options exist for advanced POP, and most of them are associated with good long-term success rates. Treatment should be chosen based on patient comorbidities and in the context of shared decision-making.
The Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among Genitourinary Cancer Patients in Chile: A Retrospective Population-Based Study
Authors: Eltit Ignacio , Juri Diego , Delgado Iris , Cáceres Camila , Rojas Ignacio , Fernández Mario I.
Published: February 2025

Introduction and Objectives: Multimorbidity, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions, poses significant challenges in healthcare by affecting patient outcomes and increasing costs. This study aimed to evaluate multimorbidity’s impact on patients with genitourinary cancer (GUC) in Chile, focusing on prevalent comorbidities, their combinations, and their association with hospitalization severity. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, population-based study was conducted using data from the Fondo Nacional de Salud (FONASA) in Chile, including patients with bladder, prostate, kidney, and testicular cancer between 2019 and 2021. Diagnosis-related group (DRG) data were used to analyze comorbidity prevalence, hospitalization type (elective vs. emergency), severity (moderate/major vs. minor/none), length of stay, and associated costs. Results: Among 4,028,597 hospital events, 11.6% were related to GUC, involving 18,792 patients. Multimorbidity was present in 67.3% of patients, with hypertension and diabetes being the most common comorbidities. These patients accounted for 69.1% of total GUC care costs. Hospital mortality was higher in multimorbid patients (7.5% vs. 3.7%; p < 0.001), who also had longer stays (mean 8 vs. 5 days). Most patients were admitted electively (60.3%), while 39.7% were admitted through the emergency room. Patients with multimorbidity had higher rates of moderate/major severity hospitalizations compared to those without (56.1% vs. 32.5%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: In Chile, multimorbidity among GUC patients is linked to increased costs, longer hospital stays, higher mortality, and greater hospitalization severity. Comprehensive care strategies are needed to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare system burdens.
Comparative Assessment of Surface Lattice Resonance Characteristics in Plasmonic Titanium Nitride and Gold Nanodisk Arrays
Authors: Günaydın Beyza Nur , Çelik Süleyman , Yüce Meral , Kurt Hasan
Published: February 2025

Titanium nitride (TiN) is an advantageous material for plasmonic applications and is suitable for extreme conditions in which conventional plasmonic materials such as gold (Au) cannot be utilized. In this study, TiN and Au nanodisk arrays with different lattice spacing (Λ) were fabricated using the electron beam lithography (EBL) method to increase the quality factor of TiN. At a period of 550 nm, the TiN nanodisk arrays demonstrate a higher sensitivity, 412.79 nm·RIU−1, with the plasmonic resonance wavelength shifting from 883 nm (n = 1.3335) to 915 nm (n = 1.4069) in the NIR region. The surface lattice resonance (SLR) properties of the produced TiN nanodisk arrays were investigated in detail with Au nanodisk arrays. The TiN nanodisk arrays caused sharp plasmon resonances by creating a localized plasmon vibration mode coupled with the diffractive grazing wave excited by the incident light. The transmission dips obtained at narrower full width at half maximum (FWHM) values caused at least an almost 10-fold improvement in the quality factor compared to localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) dips. This study is significant for assessing the surface plasmon resonance characteristics of TiN and Au nanodisk arrays across various periods and indices.
Using Fines from Recycled High-Quality Concrete as a Substitute for Cement
Authors: De Brabandere Laurena , Grigorjev Vadim , Van den Heede Philip , Nachtergaele Hannah , Degezelle Krist , De Belie Nele
Published: February 2025

Concrete manufacturing and recycling must evolve to meet sustainability and carbon reduction demands. While the focus is often on reusing coarse aggregates, fine fractions are also produced during recycling. This study explores using ground fine fractions (0/2) as a partial cement substitute. The fines were characterized for their mineralogical, chemical, and physical properties, and experiments were conducted on pastes and mortars with 0% to 30% cement substitution, including isothermal calorimetry and strength tests. Two concrete mixes—a reference mix with natural aggregates and CEM I, and a mix with 10% concrete fines replacing CEM I—using recycled sand and coarse aggregates were tested for compressive strength, carbonation, shrinkage, and freeze–thaw resistance. The results indicated that the recycled concrete had a comparable strength to the reference and a slightly reduced durability in freeze–thaw conditions. In terms of shrinkage, recycled concrete with 10% concrete fines had an increased drying shrinkage and a lower autogenous shrinkage due to the water retention capacity of the recycled aggregates.
Impact of Soil Ameliorants on Soil Chemical Characteristics, Sugar Beet Water Productivity, and Yield Components in Sandy Soils Under Deficit Irrigation
Authors: Ismail Sahar M. , Almulhim Nourah , Sedky Azza , El-Cossy Salah Abdel-Nabi , Mahmoud Esawy
Published: February 2025

In many sustainable agricultural systems, combining soil ameliorants with deficit irrigation is a viable strategy. However, little is known about how this approach affects soil quality, crop water productivity (CWP), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) yield in sandy soils. This study investigates the effects of different soil ameliorants―potassium polyacrylate (PPA), polyacrylamide (PAM), and humus (HA)―on the soil chemical properties, water productivity, and sugar beet yield under three irrigation regimes (100%, 80%, and 50% of crop water requirement (CWR). The results demonstrated that applying these amendments signficantly enhances soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), and the availability of essential nutrients (N, P, and K). Notably, the combination of PAM and HA under 50% CWR resulted in the highest improvements in sugar beet biomass, increasing shoot and root growth by 73.43% and 71.68%, respectively. It also led to a 97.91% increase in sugar yield and a 4.22% improvement in sugar quality. However, this treatment had the lowest economic benefit, with a negative outcome. In contrast, PAM treatment under 50% CWR produced a 61.49% increase in sugar yield and a 2.44% improvement in sugar quality, ensuring economic viability. These findings suggest that the use of PAM under reduced irrigation conditions can optimize water use efficiency and sustain crop productivity in sandy soils.
A Sustainable Alternative for Cosmetic Applications: NADES Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Hazelnut By-Products
Authors: Bencresciuto Grazia Federica , Carnevale Monica , Paris Enrico , Gallucci Francesco , Santangelo Enrico , Migliori Carmela Anna
Published: February 2025

Hazelnut processing generates a variety of by-products, including skins, shells, and defatted (DFT) flour, which contain valuable bioactive compounds. These by-products are rich in polyphenols, fibers, and other molecules that are suitable for incorporation into nutraceutical and cosmetic products. The efficiency of three natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), such as betaine/sorbitol/water (BS), fructose/lactic acid/water (FL), and fructose/glycerol/water (FG) was compared with a control (C) extractant (ethanol/water). These NADES were combined with two extraction techniques: a conventional method involving heat and magnetic stirring, and ultra-sound-assisted extraction (US). The free radical scavenging capacity (FRC), total phenolic content (TPC), and the polyphenolic profile (HPLC) were evaluated. BS NADES exhibited superior efficiency for the extraction from the skin and shell, while FL was optimal for defatted flour. Although the skin is the least abundant hazelnut processing by-product, it exhibited the highest polyphenol content and antiradical activity, indicating potential for cosmetic applications. The suitability of DFT flour, skin, and the residual panel of extracts for thermochemical and biochemical conversion processes was investigated. Some of the materials were found to be conducive to thermochemical conversion, while others were suitable for anaerobic digestion.
A Post-Mortem of Municipal Audit Action Plans Used to Resolve Financial Distress in South Africa
Authors: McKenzie Mariska , Marx Ben
Published: February 2025

This study aims to improve the state of financial distress, which plagues 64% of South Africa’s municipalities. This fiscal crisis has constrained the quality of basic service delivery to local communities. Even though municipal financial distress dominates South African news headlines, there is a gap in the existing research literature on how to address municipal financial distress practically. This study identified effective turnaround strategies to alleviate financial distress by analyzing regulatory audit reports and audit action plans of municipalities officially classified as financially distressed in May 2018 and subsequently improved their financial affairs. Effective turnaround strategies empower financially distressed municipalities to improve their financial viability by promoting accountability and restoring local communities’ trust in their democratically elected municipal councils. Effective turnaround was achieved through the introduction of internal controls, strengthening governance and oversight, and the implementation of adequate records management practices. This study was conducted in the context of local democratic theory, as elected municipal officials are accountable to residents for the manner in which taxpayers’ money is spent. It aims to assist financially distressed municipalities in becoming financially sustainable and empower them to deliver essential services to local communities in accordance with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
Mathematical Modeling of Individual Behavior Based on Viewpoint Dynamics: Analyzing Group Cohesion Effects Induced by Individual Potential Power Differences
Authors: Li Chenyang , Yang Yonghui , Chen Xue-Bo
Published: February 2025

The group cohesion effect refers to individuals’ identification with the group’s viewpoint, resulting from behavioral and cognitive changes during interactions, and is crucial for group development. However, individual differences in intrinsic characteristics lead to varied group behaviors and cohesion. This paper uses a mathematical model based on viewpoint dynamics to explore how these differences shape group cohesion. The primary consideration is the potential power inherent in individual characteristics, which can be understood as symmetry-breaking concepts. In the model, individuals are classified into two types, each supporting one of two viewpoints. The potential power reflects the individuals’ degree of firmness regarding their viewpoint and their perceptual range. Differences in the potential power, both within and between types, drive shifts in viewpoints and behaviors, generating diverse cohesion effects. Additionally, the model also incorporates the influence of group size and external factors, such as individuals with no viewpoints and those holding public opinion viewpoints. The results indicate that group size has no significant effect on group cohesion, while individuals with no viewpoints contribute to stabilizing it, whereas individuals with public opinions weaken it. These findings highlight the complex relationship between individual differences in potential power and group cohesion, suggesting that symmetry-breaking dynamics can effectively explain group cohesion effects.
Enhancing Software Sustainability: Leveraging Large Language Models to Evaluate Security Requirements Fulfillment in Requirements Engineering
Authors: Subahi Ahmad F.
Published: February 2025

In the digital era, cybersecurity is integral for preserving national security, digital privacy, and social sustainability. This research emphasizes the role of non-functional equirements (NFRs) in developing secure software systems that enhance societal wellbeing by ensuring data protection, user privacy, and system robustness. Specifically, this study introduces a proof-of-concept approach by leveraging machine learning (ML) models to classify NFRs and identify security-related issues early in the software development lifecycle. Two experiments were conducted to assess the effectiveness of different models for binary and multi-class classification tasks. In Experiment 1, BERT-based models and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were fine-tuned to classify NFRs into security and non-security categories using a dataset of 803 statements. BERT-based models outperformed ANNs, achieving higher accuracy, precision, recall, and ROC-AUC scores, with hyperparameter tuning further enhancing the results. Experiment 2 assessed logistic regression (LR), a support vector machine (SVM), and XGBoost for the multi-class classification of security-related NFRs into seven categories. The SVM and XGBoost showed strong performance, achieving high precision and recall in specific categories. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of advanced ML models in automating NFR classification, improving software security, and supporting social sustainability. Future work will explore hybrid approaches to enhance scalability and accuracy.
Comparison of Rain-Driven Erosion and Accumulation Modelling of Zafit Basin on Earth and Tinto-B Valley on Mars
Authors: Steinmann Vilmos , Kereszturi Ákos
Published: February 2025

While fluvial features are plentiful on Mars and offer valuable insights into past surface conditions, the climatic conditions inferred from these valleys, like precipitation and surface runoff discharges, remain the subject of debate. Model-based estimations have already been applied to several Martian valleys, but exploration of the related numerical estimations has been limited. This work applies an improved precipitation-based, steady-state erosion/accumulation model to a Martian valley and compares it to a terrestrial Mars analogue dessert catchment area. The simulations are based on a previously observed precipitation event and estimate the fluvial-related hydrological parameters, like flow depth, velocity, and erosion/accumulation processes in two different but morphologically similar watersheds. Moderate differences were observed in the erosion/accumulation results (0.13/−0.06 kg/m2/s for Zafit (Earth) and 0.01/−0.007 for Tinto B (Mars)). The difference is probably related to the lower areal ratio of surface on Mars where the shield factor is enough to trigger sediment movement, while in the Zafit basin, there is a larger area of undulating surface. The model could be applied to the whole surface of Mars. Using grain size estimation from the global THEMIS dataset, the grain size value artificially increased above that observed, and decreased hypothetic target rock density tests demonstrated that the model works according to theoretical expectations and is useful for further development. The findings of this work indicate the necessity of further testing of similar models on Mars and a better general analysis of the background geomorphological understanding of surface evolution regarding slope angles.
Three Complementary Sampling Approaches Provide Comprehensive Characterization of Pesticide Contamination in Urban Stormwater
Authors: Izma Gab , Raby Melanie , Renaud Justin B. , Sumarah Mark , Helm Paul , McIsaac Daniel , Prosser Ryan , Rooney Rebecca
Published: February 2025

Urban areas are expanding rapidly and experience diverse and complex contamination of their surface waters. Addressing these issues requires different tools to describe exposures and predict toxicological risk to exposed biota. We surveyed 21 stormwater management ponds in Brampton, Ontario using three types of sampling methods deployed concurrently: time-integrated water sampling, biofilms cultured on artificial substrates, and organic-diffusive gradients in thin films (o-DGT) passive samplers. Our objective was to compare pesticide occurrences and concentrations to inform monitoring in stormwater ponds, which reflect pesticide pollution in urban areas. We detected 82 pesticides across the three sampling matrices, with most detections occurring in o-DGT samplers. The in situ accumulation of pesticides in o-DGTs during deployment and the high analytical sensitivity achieved establishes o-DGTs as excellent tools for capturing the mixtures of pesticides present. Water and biofilm sampling demonstrated that pesticide concentrations available for uptake are relatively low, with most below toxicological thresholds. Yet our results demonstrate that urban areas are subject to a wide range of pesticides, including herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides, and underscores the urgency of research to quantify the risks of chronic exposure to this chemical mixture.
Serum-Free Suspension Culture of the Aedes albopictus C6/36 Cell Line for Chimeric Orthoflavivirus Vaccine Production
Authors: Dawurung Joshua S. , Harrison Jessica J. , Modhiran Naphak , Hall Roy A. , Hobson-Peters Jody , de Malmanche Henry
Published: February 2025

Chimeric orthoflaviviruses derived from the insect-specific Binjari virus (BinJV) offer a promising basis for safe orthoflavivirus vaccines. However, these vaccines have so far only been produced using adherent C6/36 Aedes albopictus mosquito cell cultures grown in serum-supplemented media, limiting their scalable manufacture. To address this, we adapted C6/36 cells for serum-free suspension culture using Sf900-III medium, achieving high peak cell densities (up to 2.5 × 107 cells/mL). Higher agitation rates reduced cell aggregation, and cryopreservation and direct-to-suspension revival were successful, confirming the adapted line’s stability for research and industrial applications. Despite this, BinJV-based chimeric orthoflaviviruses, including BinJV/WNVKUN, a candidate vaccine for West Nile virus, and similar vaccines (BinJV/DENV2 and BinJV/JEVNSW22) for dengue 2 virus and Japanese encephalitis virus, respectively, exhibited substantially reduced titres in C6/36 cultures infected in Sf900-III, a phenomenon attributed to the medium’s acidic pH. Switching to the more alkaline, serum-free CD-FortiCHO medium enhanced the replication of these chimeric viruses to peak titres between 1.7 × 107 and 7.6 × 109 infectious units per mL whilst preserving viral integrity. These findings suggest that suspension-adapted C6/36 cultures in CD-FortiCHO medium can support high-yield vaccine production for various orthoflaviviruses and highlight the important role of cell culture media pH for orthoflavivirus bioprocessing. This scalable mosquito cell-based system could reduce production costs and improve vaccine accessibility, supporting efforts to combat arbovirus-related public health challenges.
Inhaled Dry Powder of Antiviral Agents: A Promising Approach to Treating Respiratory Viral Pathogens
Authors: Saha Tushar , Masum Zia Uddin , Biswas Anik , Mou Moushumi Afroza , Ahmed Sohag , Saha Tamal
Published: February 2025

Inhaled dry powder formulations of antiviral agents represent a novel and potentially transformative approach to managing respiratory viral infections. Traditional antiviral therapies in the form of tablets or capsules often face limitations in terms of therapeutic activity, systemic side effects, and delayed onset of action. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) provide a targeted delivery system, ensuring the direct administration of antivirals to the infection site, the respiratory tract, which potentially enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize systemic exposure. This review explores the current state of inhaled dry powder antiviral agents, their advantages over traditional routes, and specific formulations under development. We discuss the benefits of targeted delivery, such as improved drug deposition in the lungs and reduced side effects, alongside considerations related to the formulation preparation. In addition, we summarize the developed (published and marketed) inhaled dry powders of antiviral agents.
COVID-19 Vaccination and Acute Anterior Uveitis—A Case Control Study
Authors: Shemer Asaf , Toledano Amit , Altarescu Aya , Dubinsky-Pertzov Biana , Rozenberg Assaf , Hecht Idan , Einan-Lifshitz Adi , Pras Eran
Published: February 2025

Objective: To evaluate the association between the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech®) coronavirus disease vaccine and new-onset anterior uveitis. Methods: A retrospective case control study of patients admitted and diagnosed with new-onset acute anterior uveitis, and matched controls admitted for other reasons (1:3 ratio), was completed. Rates of exposure to the BNT162b2 vaccine were compared between groups, and odds ratios for exposure to the vaccine were calculated. A secondary analysis of the overall number of patients with new-onset anterior uveitis in the six preceding years was conducted. This study was conducted in one academic center in Israel. Results: A total of 16 patients were admitted for acute anterior uveitis during the study period. Of the 16 cases, 11 (69%) received the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine prior to presentation and 8 (50%) also received the second dose. This compares to 39 (81.2%) in the control group. The odds ratio for exposure to the vaccine among cases was 0.508 (95% confidence interval 0.141–1.829, p = 0.300). Compared with preceding years, the rate of cases diagnosed with acute anterior uveitis in 2021 was similar to the six preceding years (mean 11.8 ± 3.4 cases). Conclusions: In this case control study and comparison with preceding years, we found no evidence to suggest an association between vaccination with the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech®) COVID-19 vaccine and new-onset acute anterior uveitis.
Current Tick Control Strategies and Prospects for Using Nanotechnology as an Efficient Alternative—A Review
Authors: Fantatto Rafaela Regina , Constantini João Vitor Carvalho , Politi Flávio Augusto Sanches , Sorrechia Rodrigo , Medeiros Camila Cristina Baccetti , Luiz Marcela Tavares , Bechara Gervásio Henrique , de Souza Chagas Ana Carolina , Chorilli Marlus , Pietro Rosemeire Cristina Linhari Rodrigues
Published: February 2025

Ticks pose significant challenges to public and veterinary health, acting as vectors of several diseases that affect animals and humans. Traditional chemical control methods, such as pyrethroids and organophosphates, have led to increasing resistance and environmental contamination, highlighting the need and urgency for alternative strategies. This review explores contemporary approaches to tick control, emphasizing plant-derived acaricides and their integration with nanotechnology. Plant extracts, known for their acaricidal properties, disrupt several biological processes in ticks, reducing reproduction and survival rates. The advent of nanotechnology offers promising advances in increasing the efficacy of these natural extracts. Nanoparticles add properties to the systems where they act by improving the stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery of plant-derived compounds, potentially overcoming the limitations of traditional acaricides. This synthesis of current knowledge highlights the potential of combining plant extracts with nanotechnology to develop sustainable and effective tick control solutions, addressing issues of acaricide resistance as well as environmental concerns. The review also identifies research gaps and suggests directions for future studies to optimize the application of nanotechnology in tick management.
Requirements and Test Stand Development for ERS Pantographs
Authors: Prinz Alexander , Lee Kil Young , Gupta Abhishek , Göhlich Dietmar , Park Sangyoung
Published: February 2025

Electric road systems (ERSs) are a promising solution for electrifying heavy-duty freight transport by providing traction and charging power from the power lines installed along the road. Development of ERSs has been accelerated in the last decade, and several pilot projects have been successfully implemented, proving the high level of maturity that the technology has achieved. One crucial step that could be initiated before a rollout is the standardization and certification of ERS infrastructure and system components. For instance, pantographs for overhead ERSs face unique challenges, in that the power transfer should be safe and reliable in the presence of dynamic longitudinal and lateral movements of the vehicle. To tackle this problem, we outline the requirements for overhead ERSs and ERS pantograph testing. Among the key requirements are the rising and lowering times, response to lateral maneuvers, such as lane changes, and high electrical current during stillstand. We introduce our developed test stands capable of testing various aspects of an ERS pantograph. The lateral test stand was developed to test basic functionalities and simulate lateral movements. A second test stand was implemented, to test high currents and the subsequent temperature development. Furthermore, a digital test stand used for planning, design, and modeling is introduced.
Lietuvos lenkų identiteto konstravimas periodikoje: nuo etninės grupės iki nacijos?
Authors: Daukšas Darius
Published: February 2025

The article examines the construction of the Lithuanian-Polish identity in 1988–1991. Based on the analysis of Lithuanian and Polish (published in Lithuania) periodicals, the article reveals how Lithuanian Poles sought to establish their identity in the emerging independent Lithuania. The Lithuanian press often probed the question of Polish origins, the purity of the language, and the loyalty of the Poles to the state. Meanwhile, the Polish press spoke of the historical continuity of the Polish minority in Lithuania and its right to a certain territorial autonomy.
VIDEO ANIMASI SEBAGAI MEDIA PENYULUHAN DAPAT MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA TENTANG BAHAYA FAST FOOD
Authors: Al Rahmad Agus Hendra , Annisa Siti Fainurryzky
Published: February 2025

Nutritional problems in adolescents are due to poor nutritional intake, which results in an imbalance between intake and needs. The Western diet in adolescents is increasing, one of which is the frequent consumption of fast food. Counseling about the dangers of fast food using print media is less effective, so the use of animated videos is more likely to be utilized as a medium for counseling. The study aimed to measure the benefits of nutrition counseling using animated video media on knowledge and attitudes in adolescents about the dangers of fast food. The research used a quasi-experimental design, which was conducted on adolescents of SMA Negeri 3 Banda Aceh (Senior High School) from January to March 2023. The sample consisted of 40 adolescents in class XI, selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through an interview using questionnaire, both before and after the intervention. The intervention was conducted through counseling using animated video media on the dangers of fast food. Data analysis was performed using Paired T-test at 95% CI. The result showed there was an increase in knowledge from (59.00) to (87.00) and an increase in attitude from (64.74) to (80.01) about the dangers of fast food. There is an effect of counseling using animated video media on increasing knowledge (p=0.001) and attitude (p=0.019) of adolescents about the dangers of fast food. In conclusion, the use of animated videos as  medium for counseling has significant benefits in increasing adolescents' knowledge and attitudes about the dangers of fast food consumption.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK DAN STORE ATMOSPHERE TERHADAP MINAT BELI ULANG (STUDI PADA NAKULA COFFEE CIKARANG)
Authors: Martaputri Fadhila Hana , Herawaty Tetty , Fordian Dian
Published: February 2025

This study aims to determine the influence of product quality and store atmosphere on repurchase intention at Nakula Coffee Cikarang. The research method used is quantitative. Primary data was obtained through questionnaire distribution and unstructured interviews, while secondary data was collected through literature studies. The population in this study consists of Nakula Coffee customers. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling. The research sample consists of 112 respondents who have consumed Nakula Coffee products on-site or dined in at least once. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate a positive influence of product quality on repurchase intention. Additionally, store atmosphere also has a positive influence on repurchase intention. Furthermore, product quality and store atmosphere together influence repurchase intention at Nakula Coffee.