bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Journal Bearing Friction Losses in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine
Authors: Knauder Christoph , Allmaier Hannes , Sander David , Salhofer Stefan , Reich Franz , Sams Theodor
Published: April 2015

Internal combustion engines (ICE) for the use in heavy-duty trucks and buses have to fulfil demanding requirements for both vehicle efficiency as well as for emission of greenhouse gases. Beside the piston assembly the journal bearings are among the largest contributors to friction in the ICE. Through a combination of measurements and validated simulation methods the journal bearing friction losses of a state-of-the-art heavy-duty Diesel engine are investigated for a large range of real world operating conditions. To this task recently developed and extensively validated simulation methods are used together with realistic lubricant models that consider the Non-Newtonian behaviour as well as the piezoviscous effect. In addition, the potential for further friction reduction with the use of ultra-low viscosity lubricants is explored. The results reveal a potential of about 8% friction reduction in the journal bearings using a 0W20 ultra-low viscosity oil with an HTHS-viscosity (The HTHS-viscosity is defined as the dynamic viscosity of the lubricant measured at 150 °C and at a shear rate of 106 s
The Effect of Oxygen Partial Pressure on Microstructure and Properties of Fe40Al Alloy Sintered under Vacuum
Authors: Siemiaszko Dariusz , Kowalska Beata , Jóźwik Paweł , Kwiatkowska Monika
Published: April 2015

This paper presents the results of studies on the influence of oxygen partial pressure (vacuum level in the chamber) on the properties of FeAl intermetallics. One of the problems in the application of classical methods of prepared Fe-Al intermetallic is the occurrence of oxides. Applying a vacuum during sintering should reduce this effect. In order to analyze the effect of oxygen partial pressure on sample properties, five samples were processed (by a pressure-assisted induction sintering—PAIS method) under the following pressures: 3, 8, 30, 80, and 300 mbar (corresponding to oxygen partial pressures of 0.63, 1.68, 6.3, 16.8, and 63 mbar, respectively). The chemical and phase composition, hardness, density, and microstructure observations indicate that applying a vacuum significantly impacts intermetallic samples. The compact sintered at pressure 3 mbar is characterized by the most homogeneous microstructure, the highest density, high hardness, and nearly homogeneous chemical composition.
A Disposable Dispensing Valve for Non-Contact Microliter Applications in a 96-Well Plate Format
Authors: Kartmann Sabrina , Koltay Peter , Zengerle Roland , Ernst Andreas
Published: April 2015

We present a miniaturized, disposable, normally-closed electromagnetic dispensing valve for the microliter range to process 96-well plates. The novel injection-molded valve is designed to fit into a 9 mm grid to realize an eight channel dispensing head, enabling the serial processing of well plates row-by-row. The presented dispensing valve design originates from a miniaturization study of a previously developed functional model. The outer diameter of the valve, including all actuating components, was reduced by 8 mm to an overall diameter of 8.5 mm without compromising the performance. Additionally, the actuation current of the valve could be reduced to 5 A. The valve is characterized for a volume range between 840 nL and 5.3 μL. The performance of the injection molded valve is competitive to commercially available dispensing valves, featuring the advantages of low fabrication costs, disposability, low mounting size, easy handling, and super silent actuation.
X-ray Structures of Precursors of Styrylpyridine-Derivatives Used to Obtain 4-((E)-2-(Pyridin-2-yl)vinyl)benzamido-TEMPO: Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: Soriano-Moro Guillermo , Percino María , Sánchez Ana , Chapela Víctor , Cerón Margarita , Castro María
Published: April 2015

The synthesis and characterization of the precursor isomers trans-4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinylbenzaldehyde (I), trans-4-(2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinylbenzaldehyde (II), trans-4-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinylbenzoic acid (III) and (E)-4-(2-(pydridin-4-yl)vinylbenzoic acid (IV) are reported. These compounds were prepared in order to obtain trans-4-((E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl)benzamide-TEMPO (V). Compounds I and II were obtained by using a Knoevenagel reaction in the absence of a condensing agent and solvent. Oxidation of the aldehyde group using the Jones reagent afforded the corresponding acid forms III and IV. A condensation reaction with 4-amino-TEMPO using oxalyl chloride/DMF/CH2Cl2 provided the 4-((E)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)vinyl)benzamide-TEMPO. Single crystals of compounds I, II and III were obtained and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Compound I belongs to space group P21/c, a = 12.6674(19) Å, b = 7.2173(11) Å, c = 11.5877(14) Å, b = 97.203(13)° and the asymmetric unit was Z = 4, whereas compound II was in the space group P21, with a = 3.85728(9) Å, b = 10.62375(19) Å, c = 12.8625(2) Å, b = 91.722 (2)° and the asymmetric unit was Z = 2. Compound III crystallized as single colorless needle crystals, belonging to the monoclinic system with space group P21, with Z = 2, with a = 3.89359(7) Å, b = 17.7014(3) Å, c = 8.04530(12) Å, b = 94.4030 (16)°. All compounds were completely characterized by IR, 1H-NMR, EI-MS and UV-Vis.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Triazine-Based Hydrazone Derivatives; A Comparative Experimental-Theoretical Study
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Bibi Aisha , Mahmood Tariq , Asiri Abdullah , Ayub Khurshid
Published: April 2015

We report here a comparative theoretical and experimental study of four triazine-based hydrazone derivatives. The hydrazones are synthesized by a three step process from commercially available benzil and thiosemicarbazide. The structures of all compounds were determined by using the UV-Vis., FT-IR, NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic techniques and finally confirmed unequivocally by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Experimental geometric parameters and spectroscopic properties of the triazine based hydrazones are compared with those obtained from density functional theory (DFT) studies. The model developed here comprises of geometry optimization at B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level of DFT. Optimized geometric parameters of all four compounds showed excellent correlations with the results obtained from X-ray diffraction studies. The vibrational spectra show nice correlations with the experimental IR spectra. Moreover, the simulated absorption spectra also agree well with experimental results (within 10–20 nm). The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) mapped over the entire stabilized geometries of the compounds indicated their chemical reactivates. Furthermore, frontier molecular orbital (electronic properties) and first hyperpolarizability (nonlinear optical response) were also computed at the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level of theory.
Carboxylated Acyclonucleosides: Synthesis and RNase A Inhibition
Authors: Chakraborty Kaustav , Dasgupta Swagata , Pathak Tanmaya
Published: April 2015

Strategically designed carboxylated acyclonucleosides have been probed as a new class of RNase A inhibitors. Several experimental and theoretical studies have been performed to compile relevant qualitative and quantitative information regarding the nature and extent of inhibition. The inhibition constant (Ki) values were determined using a UV-based kinetics experiment. The changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme upon binding with the inhibitors were obtained from circular dichroism studies. The binding constants for enzyme-inhibitor interactions were determined with the help of fluorescence spectroscopy. Docking studies were performed to reveal the possible binding sites of the inhibitors within the enzyme. The cytosine analogues were found to possess better inhibitory properties in comparison to the corresponding uracil derivatives. An increment in the number of carboxylic acid groups (-COOH) in the inhibitor backbone was found to result in better inhibition.
Chronic Iron Deficiency as an Emerging Risk Factor for Osteoporosis: A Hypothesis
Authors: Toxqui Laura , Vaquero M.
Published: April 2015

Iron is essential in oxygen transport and participates in many enzymatic systems in the body, with important roles in collagen synthesis and vitamin D metabolism. The relationship between iron and bone health comes from clinical observations in iron overload patients who suffered bone loss. The opposite scenario—whether iron deficiency, with or without anemia, affects bone metabolism—has not been fully addressed. This is of great interest, as this nutrient deficiency is a worldwide public health problem and at the same time osteoporosis and bone alterations are highly prevalent. This review presents current knowledge on nutritional iron deficiency and bone remodeling, the biomarkers to evaluate iron status and bone formation and resorption, and the link between iron and bone metabolism. Finally, it is hypothesized that chronic iron deficiency induces bone resorption and risk of osteoporosis, thus complete recovery from anemia and its prevention should be promoted in order to improve quality of life including bone health. Several mechanisms are suggested; hence, further investigation on the possible impact of chronic iron deficiency on the development of osteoporosis is needed.
Estimated Daily Intake and Seasonal Food Sources of Quercetin in Japan
Authors: Nishimuro Haruno , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Sato Midori , Ohnishi-Kameyama Mayumi , Matsunaga Izumi , Naito Shigehiro , Ippoushi Katsunari , Oike Hideaki , Nagata Tadahiro , Akasaka Hiroshi , Saitoh Shigeyuki , Shimamoto Kazuaki , Kobori Masuko
Published: April 2015

Quercetin is a promising food component, which can prevent lifestyle related diseases. To understand the dietary intake of quercetin in the subjects of a population-based cohort study and in the Japanese population, we first determined the quercetin content in foods available in the market during June and July in or near a town in Hokkaido, Japan. Red leaf lettuce, asparagus, and onions contained high amounts of quercetin derivatives. We then estimated the daily quercetin intake by 570 residents aged 20–92 years old in the town using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The average and median quercetin intakes were 16.2 and 15.5 mg day−1, respectively. The quercetin intakes by men were lower than those by women; the quercetin intakes showed a low correlation with age in both men and women. The estimated quercetin intake was similar during summer and winter. Quercetin was mainly ingested from onions and green tea, both in summer and in winter. Vegetables, such as asparagus, green pepper, tomatoes, and red leaf lettuce, were good sources of quercetin in summer. Our results will help to elucidate the association between quercetin intake and risks of lifestyle-related diseases by further prospective cohort study and establish healthy dietary requirements with the consumption of more physiologically useful components from foods.
Polymethylmethacrylate/Polyacrylonitrile Membranes via Centrifugal Spinning as Separator in Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yanilmaz Meltem , Zhang Xiangwu
Published: April 2015

Electrospun nanofiber membranes have been extensively studied as separators in Li-ion batteries due to their large porosity, unique pore structure, and high electrolyte uptake. However, the electrospinning process has some serious drawbacks, such as low spinning rate and high production cost. The centrifugal spinning technique can be used as a fast, cost-effective and safe technique to fabricate high-performance fiber-based separators. In this work, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes with different blend ratios were produced via centrifugal spinning and characterized by using different electrochemical techniques for use as separators in Li-ion batteries. Compared with commercial microporous polyolefin membrane, centrifugally-spun PMMA/PAN membranes had larger ionic conductivity, higher electrochemical oxidation limit, and lower interfacial resistance with lithium. Centrifugally-spun PMMA/PAN membrane separators were assembled into Li/LiFePO4 cells and these cells delivered high capacities and exhibited good cycling performance at room temperature. In addition, cells using centrifugally-spun PMMA/PAN membrane separators showed superior C-rate performance compared to those using microporous polypropylene (PP) membranes. It is, therefore, demonstrated that centrifugally-spun PMMA/PAN membranes are promising separator candidate for high-performance Li-ion batteries.
Future Climate Impact on the Desertification in the Dry Land Asia Using AVHRR GIMMS NDVI3g Data
Authors: Miao Lijuan , Ye Peilong , He Bin , Chen Lizi , Cui Xuefeng
Published: April 2015

Dry Land Asia is the largest arid and semi-arid region in the northern hemisphere that suffers from land desertification. Over the period 1982–2011, there were both overall improvement and regional degeneration in the vegetation NDVI. We analyze future climate changes in these area using two ensemble-average methods from CMIP5 data. Bayesian Model Averaging shows a better capability to represent the future climate and less uncertainty represented by the 22-model ensemble than does the Simple Model Average. From 2006 to 2100, the average growing season temperature value will increase by 2.9 °C, from 14.4 °C to 17.3 °C under three climate scenarios (RCP 26, RCP 45 and RCP 85). We then conduct multiple regression analysis between climate changes compiled from the Climate Research Unit database and vegetation greenness from the GIMMS NDVI3g dataset. There is a general acceleration in the desertification trend under the RCP 85 scenario in middle and northern part of Middle Asia, northwestern China except Xinjiang and the Mongolian Plateau (except the middle part). The RCP 85 scenario shows a more severe desertification trend than does RCP 26. Desertification in dry land Asia, particularly in the regions highlighted in this study, calls for further investigation into climate change impacts and adaptations.
Comparing MODIS Net Primary Production Estimates with Terrestrial National Forest Inventory Data in Austria
Authors: Neumann Mathias , Zhao Maosheng , Kindermann Georg , Hasenauer Hubert
Published: April 2015

The mission of this study is to compare Net Primary Productivity (NPP) estimates using (i) forest inventory data and (ii) spatio-temporally continuous MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) remote sensing data for Austria. While forest inventories assess the change in forest growth based on repeated individual tree measurements (DBH, height etc.), the MODIS NPP estimates are based on ecophysiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration and carbon allocation. We obtained repeated national forest inventory data from Austria, calculated a “ground-based” NPP estimate and compared the results with “space-based” MODIS NPP estimates using different daily climate data. The MODIS NPP estimates using local Austrian climate data exhibited better compliance with the forest inventory driven NPP estimates than the MODIS NPP predictions using global climate data sets. Stand density plays a key role in addressing the differences between MODIS driven NPP estimates versus terrestrial driven inventory NPP estimates. After addressing stand density, both results are comparable across different scales. As forest management changes stand density, these findings suggest that management issues are important in understanding the observed discrepancies between MODIS and terrestrial NPP.
The Effects of Point or Polygon Based Training Data on RandomForest Classification Accuracy of Wetlands
Authors: Corcoran Jennifer , Knight Joseph , Pelletier Keith , Rampi Lian , Wang Yan
Published: April 2015

Wetlands are dynamic in space and time, providing varying ecosystem services. Field reference data for both training and assessment of wetland inventories in the State of Minnesota are typically collected as GPS points over wide geographical areas and at infrequent intervals. This status-quo makes it difficult to keep updated maps of wetlands with adequate accuracy, efficiency, and consistency to monitor change. Furthermore, point reference data may not be representative of the prevailing land cover type for an area, due to point location or heterogeneity within the ecosystem of interest. In this research, we present techniques for training a land cover classification for two study sites in different ecoregions by implementing the RandomForest classifier in three ways: (1) field and photo interpreted points; (2) fixed window surrounding the points; and (3) image objects that intersect the points. Additional assessments are made to identify the key input variables. We conclude that the image object area training method is the most accurate and the most important variables include: compound topographic index, summer season green and blue bands, and grid statistics from LiDAR point cloud data, especially those that relate to the height of the return.
Rationally Designing Aptamer Sequences with Reduced Affinity for Controlled Sensor Performance
Authors: Schoukroun-Barnes Lauren , White Ryan
Published: April 2015

The relative ease of predicting the secondary structure of nucleic acid sequences lends itself to the design of sequences to perform desired functions. Here, we combine the utility of nucleic acid aptamers with predictable control over the secondary structure to rationally design sequences with controlled affinity towards a target analyte when employed as the recognition element in an electrochemical sensor. Specifically, we present a method to modify an existing high-gain aptamer sequence to create sequences that, when employed in an electrochemical, aptamer-based sensor, exhibit reduced affinity towards a small molecule analyte tobramycin. Sensors fabricated with the high-gain parent sequence saturate at concentrations much below the therapeutic window for tobramycin (7–18 µM). Accordingly, the rationale behind modifying this high-gain sequence to reduce binding affinity was to tune sensor performance for optimal sensitivity in the therapeutic window. Using secondary structure predictions and analysis of the NMR structure of an aminoglycoside RNA aptamer bound to tobramycin, we are able to successfully modify the aptamer sequence to tune the dissociation constants of electrochemical aptamer-based sensors between 0.17 and 3 µM. The guidelines we present represent a general strategy to lessening binding affinity of sensors employing aptamer-modified electrodes.
Congestion Based Mechanism for Route Discovery in a V2I-V2V System Applying Smart Devices and IoT
Authors: Parrado Natalia , Donoso Yezid
Published: April 2015

The Internet of Things is a new paradigm in which objects in a specific context can be integrated into traditional communication networks to actively participate in solving a determined problem. The Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technologies are specific cases of IoT and key enablers for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). V2V and V2I have been widely used to solve different problems associated with transportation in cities, in which the most important is traffic congestion. A high percentage of congestion is usually presented by the inappropriate use of resources in vehicular infrastructure. In addition, the integration of traffic congestion in decision making for vehicular traffic is a challenge due to its high dynamic behavior. In this paper, an optimization model over the load balancing in the congestion percentage of the streets is formulated. Later, we explore a fully congestion-oriented route discovery mechanism and we make a proposal on the communication infrastructure that should support it based on V2I and V2V communication. The mechanism is also compared with a modified Dijkstra’s approach that reacts at congestion states. Finally, we compare the results of the efficiency of the vehicle’s trip with the efficiency in the use of the capacity of the vehicular network.
Using Multiple Barometers to Detect the Floor Location of Smart Phones with Built-in Barometric Sensors for Indoor Positioning
Authors: Xia Hao , Wang Xiaogang , Qiao Yanyou , Jian Jun , Chang Yuanfei
Published: April 2015

Following the popularity of smart phones and the development of mobile Internet, the demands for accurate indoor positioning have grown rapidly in recent years. Previous indoor positioning methods focused on plane locations on a floor and did not provide accurate floor positioning. In this paper, we propose a method that uses multiple barometers as references for the floor positioning of smart phones with built-in barometric sensors. Some related studies used barometric formula to investigate the altitude of mobile devices and compared the altitude with the height of the floors in a building to obtain the floor number. These studies assume that the accurate height of each floor is known, which is not always the case. They also did not consider the difference in the barometric-pressure pattern at different floors, which may lead to errors in the altitude computation. Our method does not require knowledge of the accurate heights of buildings and stories. It is robust and less sensitive to factors such as temperature and humidity and considers the difference in the barometric-pressure change trends at different floors. We performed a series of experiments to validate the effectiveness of this method. The results are encouraging.
An Ecology for Cities: A Transformational Nexus of Design and Ecology to Advance Climate Change Resilience and Urban Sustainability
Authors: Childers Daniel , Cadenasso Mary , Grove J. , Marshall Victoria , McGrath Brian , Pickett Steward
Published: April 2015

Cities around the world are facing an ever-increasing variety of challenges that seem to make more sustainable urban futures elusive. Many of these challenges are being driven by, and exacerbated by, increases in urban populations and climate change. Novel solutions are needed today if our cities are to have any hope of more sustainable and resilient futures. Because most of the environmental impacts of any project are manifest at the point of design, we posit that this is where a real difference in urban development can be made. To this end, we present a transformative model that merges urban design and ecology into an inclusive, creative, knowledge-to-action process. This design-ecology nexus—an ecology for cities—will redefine both the process and its products. In this paper we: (1) summarize the relationships among design, infrastructure, and urban development, emphasizing the importance of joining the three to achieve urban climate resilience and enhance sustainability; (2) discuss how urban ecology can move from an ecology of cities to an ecology for cities based on a knowledge-to-action agenda; (3) detail our model for a transformational urban design-ecology nexus, and; (4) demonstrate the efficacy of our model with several case studies.
Dual-Level Material and Psychological Assessment of Urban Water Security in a Water-Stressed Coastal City
Authors: Huang Yajing , Xu Linyu , Yin Hao , YanpengCai  , ZhifengYang
Published: April 2015

The acceleration of urbanization and industrialization has been gradually aggravating water security issues, such as water shortages, water pollution, and flooding or drought disasters and so on. Water security issues have become a great challenge to urban sustainable development. In this context, we proposed a dual-level material and psychological assessment method to assess urban water security. Psychological security coefficients were introduced in this method to combine material security and residents’ security feelings. A typical water-stressed coastal city in China (Dalian) was chosen as a case study. The water security status of Dalian from 2010 to 2012 was analysed dynamically. The results indicated that the Dalian water security statuses from 2010 to 2012 were basically secure, but solutions to improve water security status and solve water resource problems are still required. This dual-level material and psychological assessment for urban water security has improved conventional material assessment through the introduction of psychological security coefficients, which can benefit decision-making for urban water planning, management and protection.
A Novel Method for Simulating Urban Population Potential Based on Urban Patches: A Case Study in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Dong Nan , Yang Xiaohuan , Cai Hongyan , Wang Liming
Published: April 2015

Urban population potential is a good measure of urban spatial interactions. However, previous studies often assigned population data to the administrative point of the government or the centroid of the region, such as the county, ward or village. In these cases, two problems exist: (1) the zone centroid problem and (2) the scale problem. To better deal with these problems, we proposed a novel method for simulating the urban population potential based on urban patches using Jiangsu Province as the study area. This study conducted research on a classification scheme based on area for urban patches and developed an urban population potential model on the basis of a potential model. The spatial simulation of the urban population potential at various urban scales and the comprehensive urban population potential of Jiangsu were determined. The spatial pattern is “southern Jiangsu high and north-central Jiangsu low”, which is consistent with the “pole-axis” spatial system. This study also compared the simulations of the new method and a traditional method. Results revealed that the method based on urban patches was superior in simulating real spatial patterns of the urban population potential. Further improvements should focus on actual conditions, such as passable expressway entrances and exits and railway stations, and high-speed railway data should be employed when simulating the urban population potential across provinces and greater China.
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Cell Wall Components as Tools for Ochratoxin A Decontamination
Authors: Piotrowska Małgorzata , Masek Anna
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall preparations in the adsorption of ochratoxin A (OTA). The study involved the use of a brewer’s yeast cell wall devoid of protein substances, glucans obtained by water and alkaline extraction, a glucan commercially available as a dietary supplement for animals and, additionally, dried brewer’s yeast for comparison. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis of the obtained preparations showed bands characteristic for glucans in the resulting spectra. The yeast cell wall preparation, water-extracted glucan and the commercial glucan bound the highest amount of ochratoxin A, above 55% of the initial concentration, and the alkaline-extracted glucan adsorbed the lowest amount of this toxin. It has been shown that adsorption is most effective at a close-to-neutral pH, while being considerably limited in alkaline conditions.
Detection of Shiga Toxins by Lateral Flow Assay
Authors: Ching Kathryn , He Xiaohua , Stanker Larry , Lin Alice , McGarvey Jeffery , Hnasko Robert
Published: April 2015

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) produce shiga toxins (Stxs) that can cause human disease and death. The contamination of food products with STEC represents a food safety problem that necessitates rapid and effective detection strategies to mitigate risk. In this manuscript, we report the development of a colorimetric lateral flow assay (LFA) for the rapid detection of Stxs in <10 min using a pair of monoclonal antibodies that bind epitopes common to Stx1 and six Stx2 variants. This LFA provides a rapid and sensitive test for the detection of Stxs directly from STEC culture supernatants or at risk food samples with a 0.1 ng/mL limit of detection (LOD) for Stx2a. This Stx LFA is applicable for use in the rapid evaluation of Stx production from cultured E. coli strains or as a tool to augment current methods as part of food safety testing.
Deep Sequencing Reveals the Complete Genome and Evidence for Transcriptional Activity of the First Virus-Like Sequences Identified in Aristotelia chilensis (Maqui Berry)
Authors: Villacreses Javier , Rojas-Herrera Marcelo , Sánchez Carolina , Hewstone Nicole , Undurraga Soledad , Alzate Juan , Manque Patricio , Maracaja-Coutinho Vinicius , Polanco Victor
Published: April 2015

Here, we report the genome sequence and evidence for transcriptional activity of a virus-like element in the native Chilean berry tree Aristotelia chilensis. We propose to name the endogenous sequence as Aristotelia chilensis Virus 1 (AcV1). High-throughput sequencing of the genome of this tree uncovered an endogenous viral element, with a size of 7122 bp, corresponding to the complete genome of AcV1. Its sequence contains three open reading frames (ORFs): ORFs 1 and 2 shares 66%–73% amino acid similarity with members of the Caulimoviridae virus family, especially the Petunia vein clearing virus (PVCV), Petuvirus genus. ORF1 encodes a movement protein (MP); ORF2 a Reverse Transcriptase (RT) and a Ribonuclease H (RNase H) domain; and ORF3 showed no amino acid sequence similarity with any other known virus proteins. Analogous to other known endogenous pararetrovirus sequences (EPRVs), AcV1 is integrated in the genome of Maqui Berry and showed low viral transcriptional activity, which was detected by deep sequencing technology (DNA and RNA-seq). Phylogenetic analysis of AcV1 and other pararetroviruses revealed a closer resemblance with Petuvirus. Overall, our data suggests that AcV1 could be a new member of Caulimoviridae family, genus Petuvirus, and the first evidence of this kind of virus in a fruit plant.
Urban Water Tariffs in Spain: What Needs to Be Done?
Authors: García-Rubio Miguel , Ruiz-Villaverde Alberto , González-Gómez Francisco
Published: April 2015

Recently, in the context of the Integrated Water Resources Management, demand policies are playing a more important role as opposed to traditional supply policies based on the construction of large hydraulic infrastructures. In this new context, water tariffs have become an important tool in achieving economic efficiency, environmental sustainability, and social equity. This paper reviews the situation of urban water tariffs in Spain, a country subject to high water stress. It analyzes the capacity of urban water tariffs to recover service costs and to promote efficiency, sustainability, affordability, and equity. Although it has made significant progress in recent years, the Spanish urban water tariff system still faces many challenges. Many of these challenges would be better addressed by a national independent regulatory body.
L’absence de prévisions macrofinancières : une situation calamiteuse heureusement en cours d’évolution
Authors: Babeau André
Published: April 2015

The Lack of Financial Forecasts at the Macroeconomic Level : a Disastrous Situation which Is Fortunately in Ongoing Development.

In all countries, macroeconomic forecasts are only referring to “ real” flows such as production, income, consumption, investment and so on. Financial flows and stock variables -credits, financial investment, financial and non financial wealth -are missing in the public macroeconomic forecasts. This lack is probably one of the numerous causes of the “ great recession” 2008-2009. Fortunately, this disastrous situation is about changing : the ECB and several national central banks are drawing up models for the projection of households and business credit outstanding, bank deposits, shares and obligations issuing, insurance reserves and so on. It is surely not an easy task. In the coming years, the question is : will these forecasts become a “ public good” or shall they be reserved to the use of their producers ?

Classification JEL : E17, E27, E37, E47, E58, G17, H68.
L’enseignement des sciences économiques au lycée : intention scientifique et impératif de laïcité
Authors: Guesnerie Roger
Published: April 2015

Economics in the French Secondary School : Scientific Intention and Secularism’s Requirement.

As can be induced from the analysis of textbooks, the way economics are taught in the French secondary school is featured both by a very wide scope and by a general tendency to use macroeconomic explanations. Therefore, its main goals -knowing and thinking the world -cannot be achieved. Selecting just a few subjects of analysis and a few analytical concepts would be a far better way to reach them.

Classification JEL : A11, A12, A20, A21.
La gestion des crises systémiques et les réformes du système financier
Authors: de Larosière Jacques
Published: April 2015

L’ancien directeur général du FMI (1978-1993) tire les leçons de la crise financière qui a secoué les pays d’Amérique latine, et le Mexique en particulier, au cours des années 1980 et qui menaçait d’emporter le système bancaire américain. Elle a pu être contenue par la mise en oeuvre de trois principes : un ajustement structurel des politiques économiques avec l’aide du FMI, la contribution des créanciers et une approche intelligente du problème par les régulateurs. L’auteur revient également sur la crise financière de 2007 et met en avant la responsabilité des lacunes importantes du système de surveillance américain dans son déclenchement. Il insiste également sur le fait que les autorités américaines ne semblent pas en avoir tiré tous les enseignements et que sur ce plan, l’UE et les États-Unis sont très éloignés.

Classification JEL : F3, G01, G28, H12, H63.
Le « partage de la charge » : de la théorie à la pratique
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk
Published: April 2015

Burden Sharing : from Theory to Practice.

The handling of cross-border banks in difficulties gives rise to coordination problems between home and host countries. Goodhart and Schoenmaker (2006, 2009) have suggested to implement an ex ante burden sharing mechanism to overcome the co-ordination failure of national authorities. While burden sharing is technically not very difficult, it requires political cooperation between sovereign nations. The financial crisis has provided some spectacular examples of coordination failure : the failures of Fortis, Lehman Brothers and the Icelandic banks illustrate how much damage the absence of an adequate cross-border framework can do to the stability of the global banking system. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, some burden sharing agreements are now being put in place.

Classification JEL : F50, F53.
Development of microsatellites from Fothergilla ×intermedia (Hamamelidaceae) and cross transfer to four other genera within Hamamelidaceae
Authors: Hatmaker E. Anne , Wadl Phillip A. , Mantooth Kristie , Scheffler Brian E. , Ownley Bonnie H. , Trigiano Robert N.
Published: April 2015

Premise of the study:

We developed microsatellites from Fothergilla ×intermedia to establish loci capable of distinguishing species and cultivars, and to assess genetic diversity for use by ornamental breeders and to transfer within Hamamelidaceae.

Methods and Results:

We sequenced a small insert genomic library enriched for microsatellites to develop 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci. The number of alleles detected ranged from four to 15 across five genera within Hamamelidaceae. Shannon's information index ranged from 0.07 to 0.14.

Conclusions:

These microsatellite loci provide a set of markers to evaluate genetic diversity of natural and cultivated collections and assist ornamental plant breeders for genetic studies of five popular genera of woody ornamental plants.
Porter aujourd’hui les confidences et en garder le secret : jusqu’où ? pourquoi ?
Authors: Hausman Noëlle
Published: April 2015

Partant des limites éventuelles du devoir de garder le secret, la réflexion met en évidence l’intangibilité du secret de la confession (le « sceau sacramentel ») et voit les autres formes de la discrétion pastorale s’y apparenter. Dans ce domaine délicat semble aujourd’hui mise en cause la dignité personnelle de chaque individu, au profit d’un intérêt mal mesuré du corps social. Si l’Église est désormais requise d’accepter sa « justiciabilité », elle ne peut se laisser prescrire les particularités qui la fondent ; elle doit plutôt chercher à les faire entendre, et à défaut, assumer le prix de sa singularité.
La crypte de la psyché
Authors: Rey-Flaud Henri
Published: April 2015

À la fin de la vie de Freud, en 1936 et 1937, une série d’articles inaugurée par « Un trouble du souvenir sur l’Acropole » présente un bouleversement de sa théorie : la mise en évidence d’une opération inédite (le démenti généralisé) substituée au refoulement et du clivage substitué à la division fait apparaître un nouvel espace psychique oublié (le non-reconnu), antérieur à l’inconscient, qui constitue la crypte de la psyché. Ces avancées font entrevoir une nouvelle conception de la cure.
Croisement
Authors: Bruno Pierre
Published: April 2015

Cet article engage un dialogue avec le dernier livre d’Henri Rey-Flaud, Je ne comprends pas de quoi vous me parlez. Il met en valeur la thèse inédite de Rey-Flaud sur la place du démenti dans la psychanalyse et les conséquences de cette thèse sur un renouvellement de la conception du refoulement et de l’inconscient. Dans un second temps, il avance une autre façon d’envisager la place du démenti, en particulier par la prise en compte des formules lacaniennes de la sexuation côté féminin.
Le cauchemar de Max
Authors: Cazeneuve Christian
Published: April 2015

Quel statut donner à l’hyperactivité du dsm ? Nous envisagerons cette entité clinique inconsistante comme dispositif, au sens que Foucault puis Agamben donnent à cette notion. Cela nous amènera à nous intéresser au nouveau lien qui s’établit entre santé mentale et école, sous l’influence de l’idéologie néolibérale. Mais si un dispositif façonne une subjectivité, ses effets de forçage rencontrent une résistance du sujet.
Un amour maudit
Authors: Cai Tingting
Published: April 2015

À travers une relecture psychanalytique du roman chinois Le rêve dans le pavillon rouge, je voudrais articuler la fonction du regard, représentée dans le roman par le jade transcendant, avec la prédisposition et le commencement de l’amour. Le regard y joue successivement le rôle de montreur et de déclencheur, mais, en tant que dépositaire d’une jouissance qui a échappé à l’opération homogénéisatrice dans la structure signifiante, il est la marque même de l’amour maudit du héros.
« Tomber dans le là ». Pascal Quignard, l'autisme et la danse perdue
Authors: Mattmann-Jacques Armêl
Published: April 2015

Chute, tournoiement, pointes, repli... Qu’est-ce qui se joue dans le corps en mouvement des personnes que l’on dit autistes ? Et de même, dans le corps des danseurs ? Pascal Quignard déplie ces « pas » de danse qui tendent à retrouver la motricité perdue de la vie intra-utérine. Ces danses s’envisagent alors comme points d’appui autant que de bascule entre deux mondes, entre vie et mort, suspens dans la rencontre avec l’Autre menaçant.
De la querelle du phallus à la guerre du genre
Authors: Podlejski Jacques
Published: April 2015

Depuis 2012, un conflit divise l’opinion publique française au sujet de l’ouverture du mariage aux personnes de même sexe et du développement d’une éducation sexuelle inspirée des gender studies. Cet article s’attache à situer les positions antagonistes et les discours dans lesquels elles s’inscrivent. Il se conclu sur des considérations relatives à la disjonction introduite par Lacan entre anatomie et position sexuée, notamment en ce qui concerne la position de l’analyste.
Symptôme et sinthome 3 e partie
Authors: Guillen Fabienne
Published: April 2015

Pendant l’année 1914-1915 qui voit le début de la Première Guerre mondiale, Freud tente une vaste mise au point métapsychologique de sa longue expérience de la psychanalyse. Nous avons essayé d’y recueillir la conception qu’il se fait du symptôme à l’apogée de la première topique avant le tournant majeur de 1920. Nous pouvons souligner le tournant que constitue en 1918 la cure de l’homme aux loups dans son œuvre par la mise en avant, dans la formation du symptôme, et du fantasme, et du rapport du sujet à la castration qui prépare le renversement théorique de 1926 sur sa conception de l’angoisse.
Le mythe de l'équipe primitive
Authors: Blesson Mathieu
Published: April 2015

Le football n’a pas toujours bonne presse dans le milieu psychanalytique. Et pourtant, rien n’empêche de le considérer comme une provocation à la pensée sous la forme d’une psychanalyse appliquée. Surtout lorsqu’il s’agit d’un événement aussi populaire que la Coupe du monde, la dernière édition ayant été bien malgré elle le théâtre d’un retour à Freud dans la mesure où cet article soutient que le parcours réalisé par l’équipe du Brésil jusqu’aux portes de la finale n’est pas sans rappeler le célèbre mythe de la horde primitive.
Entretien avec Gautier Deblonde. Du photographe à l'artiste
Authors: Deblonde Gautier , Joye-Bruno Catherine , Sidoit Véronique
Published: April 2015

Dans l’entretien accordé à la revue Psychanalyse, le photographe Gautier Deblonde parle de l’évolution de son travail de portraitiste, de son rapport à l’image, à la création artistique et à l’art contemporain. Sa rencontre avec le sculpteur australien Ron Mueck, lors de la fabrication de Boy pour la Biennale de Venise en 1999, aboutira à la réalisation de son premier film, Still Life, Ron Mueck at Work, à l’occasion de l’exposition de Ron Mueck à la Fondation Cartier pour l’art contemporain, en 2013.
La montée et les bases sociales de l’interventionnisme dans l’Union européenne
Authors: Gonthier Frédéric
Published: April 2015

À partir de l’enquête sur les valeurs des Européens, cet article montre que le rejet du libéralisme économique n’est pas un épiphénomène issu de la crise de 2007, mais une tendance de fond qui traverse l’Union européenne depuis les années 1990. En examinant les attitudes à l’égard de l’État, on met en évidence que la quasi-totalité des Européens sont devenus plus interventionnistes entre 1990 et 2008. Les caractéristiques économiques et politiques des individus exerçant ici une influence conjointe, on souligne que la vulnérabilité sociale n’est pas toujours une condition suffisante du soutien à l’État. On observe aussi plusieurs homologies entre les niveaux micro- et macrosociologiques. De même que les Européens les plus vulnérables sont les plus favorables à l’État, ceux qui vivent dans les pays les plus inégalitaires développent plus volontiers des attentes sociales. Les quelques pays où l’interventionnisme recule sont ceux où la confiance dans les institutions tend à se rétracter ; ce qui éclaire aussi les bases symboliques de la demande d’État.
Les différences entre salariés du public et du privé après le tournant managérial des États en Europe
Authors: Hugrée Cédric , Penissat Étienne , Spire Alexis
Published: April 2015

Cet article revient sur les travaux abordant le clivage public-privé à l’échelle européenne, dans les années 1990-2000, en concentrant l’attention sur quatre pays : l’Allemagne, la France, la Grande-Bretagne et la Suède. Au-delà des spécificités juridiques et historiques propres à chacun de ces pays, l’objectif ici est de mettre en lumière les différentes façons de prendre en compte l’importance du secteur d’emploi dans l’analyse des hiérarchies sociales. Dans de nombreuses recherches menées à un niveau national, l’opposition entre secteurs public et privé est une dimension importante qui gagne à être articulée à une analyse en termes de classes sociales. En dépit des réformes managériales des États en Europe, le fait de travailler au service de la collectivité induit encore aujourd’hui un ensemble de spécificités : un rapport particulier à l’État, à l’intérêt général ou encore à la chose publique, perceptible dans des pratiques culturelles, syndicales et politiques.
Ce que l’interdisciplinarité fait aux disciplines
Authors: Louvel Séverine
Published: April 2015

L’essor de l’interdisciplinarité dans les sciences suscite de nombreuses interrogations quant à l’avenir des disciplines : dans quelle mesure demeurent-elles des unités centrales de différenciation des sciences ? Sont-elles amenées à disparaître ou à se recomposer sous l’effet de dynamiques scientifiques, et de pressions politiques, favorables à l’interdisciplinarité ? Cet article propose d’étudier les conséquences de la coopération interdisciplinaire sur les territoires et les frontières des disciplines. À la différence des travaux de sociologie des sciences qui abordent cette question, nous mettons moins l’accent sur les dimensions cognitives des disciplines que sur leurs dimensions sociales. En particulier, nous nous demandons dans quelle mesure l’interdisciplinarité peut représenter une ressource d’action et aider les disciplines en présence à consolider leurs institutions. Une étude empirique conduite sur la nanomédecine en France et en Californie nous amène à mettre en évidence deux éléments favorables au renforcement des territoires disciplinaires au contact de l’interdisciplinarité : d’une part, des pratiques interdisciplinaires propices au travail de démarcation vis-à-vis d’approches antérieures ou concurrentes ; d’autre part, la plasticité des frontières disciplinaires, qui autorise l’extension de la juridiction des disciplines.
Comment ignorer ce que l’on sait ?
Authors: Dedieu François , Jouzel Jean-Noël
Published: April 2015

Les recherches actuelles sur la construction sociale de l’ignorance soutiennent que cette dernière est soit le fruit de stratégies conscientes, soit l’effet involontaire d’un mode d’organisation de la production de connaissances. Cet article propose de dépasser cette opposition en introduisant la question de la réflexivité des acteurs des systèmes organisés qui produisent de l’ignorance : que se passe-t-il lorsque ces acteurs prennent conscience des limites des routines qui structurent leur propre action ? Quelles dynamiques de changement résultent de cette prise de conscience ? Le cas étudié ici est celui du dispositif de prévention des intoxications professionnelles induites par les pesticides en France. En prenant appui sur l’interdiction de l’arsenite de soude (2001), nous montrons comment ce dispositif parvient à s’accommoder des savoirs « inconfortables » susceptibles de remettre en cause ses arrangements institutionnels ordinaires. Nous mettons en évidence les mécanismes par lesquels les organisations qui produisent ces savoirs offrent à leurs membres de « bonnes raisons » de les ignorer, en désamorçant leur sens critique et en évitant d’œuvrer aux changements institutionnels qui devraient découler de leur prise en considération.
Quelle place faut-il faire aux animaux en sciences sociales ?
Authors: Guillo Dominique
Published: April 2015

Les recherches socio-anthropologiques qui visent à réhabiliter l’idée d’une agentivité animale s’appuient sur un noyau d’arguments récurrents : jusqu’à un passé récent, les sciences sociales auraient indûment rangé les animaux du côté des choses, parce qu’elles auraient souscrit au modèle de l’animal-machine imposé par la modernité à travers la frontière que celle-ci dresserait entre la nature et la culture (Philippe Descola), entre les humains et les non-humains (Bruno Latour), en particulier les animaux ( Animal Studies ). L’objectif du présent article est de montrer, tout d’abord, que cette thèse est historiquement inexacte. À leur naissance, les sciences sociales reconnaissent une subjectivité forte à beaucoup d’animaux et établissent une continuité avec l’homme. Et loin d’être la conséquence d’une inscription dans la modernité – et de son discours par excellence, celui de la science –, le succès du thème de la frontière entre nature et culture est, tout à l’inverse, la conséquence d’un ferme rejet des sciences dures, en particulier de la biologie, par les sciences sociales du XX e siècle. Ce retour sur le passé permet de montrer, ensuite, que ces réhabilitations récentes de l’agentivité animale reconduisent en réalité une autre frontière – entre les sciences sociales et les sciences de la vie – et maintiennent ainsi les vieux dualismes philosophiques qui lui sont associés. Ce faisant, elles contribuent à fermer une voie qui promet d’être particulièrement féconde pour documenter l’agentivité animale : un dialogue sans réductions croisées des sciences sociales avec les sciences de la vie.