bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ultrasonographic diagnosis of lymph node varicose veins in the groin – an overlooked missing link in chronic venous disease?
Authors: Dulgheriu Ioana-Teofana , Solomon Carolina , Ciuce Constantin , Dudea Sorin M
Published: June 2024

Aim: Chronic venous disease is a common pathology characterized by valvular incompetence and venous hypertension. The venous network of the lymph nodes at the Scarpa triangle connects the superficial and the deep venous systems. This study aimed to describe infrainguinal intranodal venous dilatations and to evaluate the connection with peripheral venous disease.Material and methods: The study included 183 subjects (116 women, 67 men) who underwent Doppler ultrasound examinations of the venous system of the inferior limb in the context of chronic venous disease. The diagnosis of lymph node varices was based on well-defined criteria and the severity of the lymph node varices was established using an original classification.Results: There was a statistically significant, moderately strong association, between the presence of intranodal varices and the great saphenous vein reflux (φ=0.341, p=0.000). There was a moderate-to-high positive correlation between intranodal varices and the chronic venous disease stage (rrb=0.457, p=0.000).Conclusions: Patients with more advanced stages of chronic venous insufficiency have a higher probability of presenting intranodal varices. Lymph node venous network identification could considerably impact clinical decision-making and treatment choices.
Draft genome sequences of a

bla
CTX

-M-15
-harboring and an atypical enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
isolate recovered from slaughterhouses in Nigeria
Authors: Beshiru Abeni , Igbinosa Etinosa O. , Al Dahouk Sascha , Dieckmann Ralf , Neuhaus Szilvia
Published: June 2024

We present the draft genome sequences of two
Escherichia coli
strains isolated from slaughterhouses in Edo State, Nigeria, in 2019. The isolates were identified as

bla
CTX-

M-15
-harboring (19-47-58) and atypical enteropathogenic
E. coli
(aEPEC) (19-47-66), belonging to multilocus sequence types (MLST) ST46 and ST2089, respectively.
Genomic insights into redox-driven microbial processes for carbon decomposition in thawing Arctic soils and permafrost
Authors: Li Yaoming , Xue Yaxin , Roy Chowdhury Taniya , Graham David E. , Tringe Susannah G. , Jansson Janet K. , Taş Neslihan
Published: June 2024

Climate change is rapidly transforming Arctic landscapes where increasing soil temperatures speed up permafrost thaw. This exposes large carbon stocks to microbial decomposition, possibly worsening climate change by releasing more greenhouse gases. Understanding how microbes break down soil carbon, especially under the anaerobic conditions of thawing permafrost, is important to determine future changes. Here, we studied the microbial community dynamics and soil carbon decomposition potential in permafrost and active layer soils under anaerobic laboratory conditions that simulated an Arctic summer thaw. The microbial and viral compositions in the samples were analyzed based on metagenomes, metagenome-assembled genomes, and metagenomic viral contigs (mVCs). Following the thawing of permafrost, there was a notable shift in microbial community structure, with fermentative
Firmicutes
and
Bacteroidota
taking over from
Actinobacteria
and
Proteobacteria
over the 60-day incubation period. The increase in iron and sulfate-reducing microbes had a significant role in limiting methane production from thawed permafrost, underscoring the competition within microbial communities. We explored the growth strategies of microbial communities and found that slow growth was the major strategy in both the active layer and permafrost. Our findings challenge the assumption that fast-growing microbes mainly respond to environmental changes like permafrost thaw. Instead, they indicate a common strategy of slow growth among microbial communities, likely due to the thermodynamic constraints of soil substrates and electron acceptors, and the need for microbes to adjust to post-thaw conditions. The mVCs harbored a wide range of auxiliary metabolic genes that may support cell protection from ice formation in virus-infected cells.

IMPORTANCE

As the Arctic warms, thawing permafrost unlocks carbon, potentially accelerating climate change by releasing greenhouse gases. Our research delves into the underlying biogeochemical processes likely mediated by the soil microbial community in response to the wet and anaerobic conditions, akin to an Arctic summer thaw. We observed a significant shift in the microbial community post-thaw, with fermentative bacteria like
Firmicutes
and
Bacteroidota
taking over and switching to different fermentation pathways. The dominance of iron and sulfate-reducing bacteria likely constrained methane production in the thawing permafrost. Slow-growing microbes outweighed fast-growing ones, even after thaw, upending the expectation that rapid microbial responses to dominate after permafrost thaws. This research highlights the nuanced and complex interactions within Arctic soil microbial communities and underscores the challenges in predicting microbial response to environmental change.
Integrated OMICs approach reveals energy metabolism pathway is vital for
Salmonella
Pullorum survival within the egg white
Authors: Kang Xiamei , An Hongli , Wang Baikui , Huang Linlin , Huang Chenghu , Huang Yingying , Wang Zining , He Fang , Li Yan , Yue Min
Published: June 2024

Eggs, an important part of a healthy daily diet, can protect chicken embryo development due to the shell barrier and various antibacterial components within the egg white. Our previous study demonstrated that
Salmonella
Pullorum, highly adapted to chickens, can survive in the egg white and, therefore, be passed to newly hatched chicks. However, the survival strategy of
Salmonella
Pullorum in antibacterial conditions remains unknown. The overall transcripts in the egg white showed a large-scale shift compared to LB broth. The expression of common response genes and pathways, such as those involved in iron uptake, biotin biosynthesis, and virulence, was significantly changed, consistent with the other transovarial transmission serovar Enteritidis. Notably, membrane stress response, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism were specifically affected. Additional upregulated functionally relevant genes (JI728_13095, JI728_13100, JI728_17960, JI728_10085, JI728_15605, and
nhaA
) as mutants confirmed the susceptible phenotype. Furthermore,
fim
deletion resulted in an increased survival capacity in the egg white, consistent with the downregulated expression. The second-round RNA-Seq analysis of the Δ
fim
mutant in the egg white revealed significantly upregulated genes compared with the wild type in the egg white responsible for energy metabolism located on the
hyc
and
hyp
operons regulated by FhlA, indicating the Δ
fim
mutant cannot receive enough oxygen and switched to fermentative growth due to its inability to attach to the albumen surface. Together, this study provides a first estimate of the global transcriptional response of
Salmonella
Pullorum under antibacterial egg white and highlights the new potential role of
fim
deletion in optimizing energy metabolism pathways that may assist vertical transmission.

IMPORTANCE

Pullorum disease, causing serious embryo death and chick mortality, results in substantial economic losses worldwide due to transovarial transmission. Egg-borne outbreaks are frequently reported in many countries. The present study has filled the knowledge gap regarding how the specific chicken-adapted pathogen
Salmonella
Pullorum behaves within the challenging environment of egg white. The deletion of the
fim
fimbrial system can increase survival in the albumen, possibly by reprogramming metabolism-related gene products, which reveals a new adaptive strategy of pathogens. Moreover, the comparison, including previous research on
Salmonella
Enteritidis, capable of vertical transmission, aims to provide diversified data sets in the field and further help to implement reasonable and effective measures to improve both food safety and animal health.
Detection of novel duplication variant inADAMTS13gene using chromosomal microarray analysis
Authors: Helber Hannah Leigh , Kim Taylor Olmsted , Han HyoJeong
Published: June 2024

We present a case of a child with congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura found to have a compound heterozygous variant in theADAMTS13gene with a novel variant resulting in a large duplication of exons 9–11 ofADAMTS13. This variant was identified through additional molecular testing via a chromosomal microarray analysis. To our knowledge, this assay had not previously been utilised to identify anADAMTS13variant and the additional testing was possible through the involvement of a genetic counsellor.
Disseminated peritoneal leiomyoma: a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: Trivedi Swati , Gothwal Meenakshi , Binit Sureka , Singh Pratibha
Published: June 2024

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare and benign clinical entity. It is also known as leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD). Here, we report and discuss a case of a primiparous woman in her early 40s who presented with heavy, prolonged, painful menses and heaviness in her lower abdomen. She underwent a laparoscopic myomectomy for a fibroid uterus, 12 months ago for similar complaints. On workup, she was diagnosed with DPL. We performed a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy, low anterior resection with stapled colorectal anastomosis and excision of peritoneal tumour deposits in consortium with the gastrosurgery team. Her postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postop day 6. Her histopathology report was consistent with leiomyoma; the follow-up period was uneventful.
Acute necrotising pancreatitis from ascariasis in a gravid patient
Authors: Chuabio Vernon , Lanoy Maria Rina , De Lusong Mark Anthony
Published: June 2024

Rarer causes of acute pancreatitis may be considered in certain settings, such as parasitism in endemic regions. This report describes a pregnant female (second trimester) in her 20s who presented with 3-day steady epigastric pain radiating to the back and passage of worm from the mouth. She was diagnosed with mild acute pancreatitis, given a significantly elevated serum lipase and absence of organ failures. Fecalysis showedAscaris lumbricoidesova; hence, she was treated with mebendazole. Plain MR cholangiopancreatography showed an 842 mL necrotic pancreatic fluid collection and tubular flow void foci within the gallbladder and duodenum consistent with helminthiasis. The patient was managed conservatively in the absence of indications for drainage. The abdominal pain remarkably improved, and she underwent eventual vacuum-assisted delivery to a healthy term baby 4 months after the bout of acute pancreatitis.
Tenecteplase versus alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the elderly patients: a post hoc analysis of the TRACE-2 trial
Authors: Xiong Yunyun , Wang Liyuan , Pan Yuesong , Wang Mengxing , Schwamm Lee H , Duan Chunmiao , Campbell Bruce C V , Li Shuya , Hao Manjun , Wu Na , Cao Zhixin , Wu Shuangzhe , Li Zixiao , Wang Yongjun
Published: June 2024

Background

The benefit–risk profile of tenecteplase in the elderly patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) is uncertain. We sought to investigate the efficacy and safety of 0.25 mg/kg tenecteplase compared with alteplase for AIS patients aged ≥80 years.

Methods

We performed a post hoc analysis of the Tenecteplase Reperfusion Therapy in Acute Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Events-2 Trial, a randomised, phase 3, non-inferiority clinical trial. Disabling AIS patients aged ≥80 years who initiated intravenous thrombolytics within 4.5 hours of symptom onset were enrolled from June 2021 to May 2022 across 53 centres in China and were randomly allocated to receive 0.25 mg/kg tenecteplase or 0.9 mg/kg alteplase. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of participants with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–1 at 90 days. Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) within 36 hours was the safety outcome.

Results

Of 137 participants, mRS 0–1 at 90 days occurred in 37 (49.3%) of 75 in the tenecteplase group vs 20 (33.9%) of 59 in the alteplase group (risk ratio (RR) 1.47, 95% CI 0.96 to 2.23). sICH within 36 hours was observed in 3 (4.0%) of 76 in the tenecteplase group and two (3.3%) of 61 in the alteplase group (RR 1.30, 95% CI 0.20 to 8.41).

Conclusions

The risk–benefit profile of tenecteplase thrombolysis was preserved in the elderly patients, which lends further support to intravenous 0.25 mg/kg tenecteplase as an alternative to alteplase in these patients.
Comparison of Positive Predictive Values of Biparametric MRI and Multiparametric MRI–directed Transrectal US–guided Targeted Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Schieda Nicola , Nisha Yashmin , Hadziomerovic Alexa R. , Prabhakar Suman , Flood Trevor A. , Breau Rodney H. , McGrath Trevor A. , Ramsay Tim , Morash Christopher
Published: June 2024

Among men who underwent biparametric or multiparametric MRI-directed transrectal US–guided targeted prostate biopsy, there was no evidence of a difference in the positive predictive value for clinically significant prostate cancer.
Modulation of intracellular calcium activity in interstitial cells of Cajal by inhibitory neural pathways within the internal anal sphincter
Authors: Hannigan Karen I. , Ni Bhraonain Emer P. , Gould Thomas W. , Keef Kathleen D. , Cobine Caroline A.
Published: June 2024

Two intramuscular interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC-IM) subtypes exist within the internal anal sphincter (IAS). This study provides the first evidence for direct coupling between nitrergic motor neurons and both ICC-IM subtypes as well as indirect coupling between purinergic inputs and Type II ICC-IM. The spatiotemporal properties of whole cell Ca2+ transients in Type II ICC-IM mimic those of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), suggesting that ICC-IM modulate the activity of SMCs via their joint participation in a SIP syncytium (SMCs, ICC, and PDGFRα+ cells).
Metachrony drives effective mucociliary transport via a calcium-dependent mechanism
Authors: Lever Jacelyn E. Peabody , Turner K. Brett , Fernandez Courtney M. , Leung Hui Min , Hussain Shah Saddad , Shei Ren-Jay , Lin Vivian Y. , Birket Susan E. , Chu Kengyeh K. , Tearney Guillermo J. , Rowe Steven M. , Solomon George M.
Published: June 2024

We developed a novel imaging-based analysis to detect coordination of ciliary motion and optimal coordination, a process called metachrony. We found that metachrony is key to the optimization of ciliary-mediated mucus transport in both ferret and human tracheal tissue. This process appears to be regulated through calcium-dependent mechanisms. This study demonstrates the capacity to measure a key feature of ciliary coordination that may be important in genetic and acquired disorders of ciliary function.
Characterization of Arterial Wave Reflection in Healthy Bonnet Macaques: Feasibility of Applanation Tonometry
Authors: Lazar Jason , Qureshi Ghazanfar , Kamran Haroon , Rosenblum Leonard A. , Kral John G. , Salciccioli Louis
Published: June 2024

Nonhuman primates are commonly used in cardiovascular research. Increased arterial stiffness is a
marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and higher CV risk. We determined the augmentation index (AI) using applanation tonometry
in 61 healthy monkeys (59% female, age 1–25 years). Technically adequate studies were obtained in all subjects and
required 1.5 ± 1.3 minutes. The brachial artery provided the highest yield (95%). AI was correlated with heart rate (HR) (r = −0.65,  P < .001), crown rump length (CRL) (r = 0.42, P = .001), and left ventricular (LV) mass determined using
echocardiography (r = 0.52,  P < .001). On multivariate analysis, HR (P < .001) and CRL (P = .005) were independent predictors of AI (R2 = 0.46,  P < .001). Body Mass Index (BMI) and AI were independent predictors of higher LV mass on multivariate analysis (P < .001 and

P = .03). In conclusion, applanation tonometry is feasible for determining AI. Reference values are
provided for AI in bonnet macaques, in whom higher AI is related to HR and CRL, and in turn contributes to higher LV mass.
Robot‐Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy for Prostatic Metastatic Recurrence from Testicular Cancer
Authors: Hirose Kohei , Nakanishi Yasukazu , Ogasawara Ryo Andy , Imasato Naoki , Katsumura Sao , Kataoka Madoka , Yajima Shugo , Masuda Hitoshi
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Treatment evidence for malignancies metastatic to the prostate in young patients is scarce. Herein, we present a case of prostatic metastasis from testicular cancer treated with induction chemotherapy followed by robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. Case Presentation. The patient is a 34‐year‐old male who underwent radical orchiectomy for a left testicular tumor two years ago and was diagnosed with a mixed germ cell tumor. He was followed up without adjuvant therapy, but symptoms of dysuria lead to suspicion of a prostate tumor, which was diagnosed by prostate biopsy as seminoma of the prostate. After four cycles of chemotherapy, normalization of tumor markers, and tumor shrinkage on imaging, he underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy. No recurrence has been observed nine months after treatment. Conclusion. In men with a history of testicular cancer presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms, it is important to consider recurrent prostate metastases.
Use of Tocolytic Agents in Preterm Labor: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis from a Chinese Real‐World Study from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Liu Haoran , Wang Xianli
Published: June 2024

What Is Known and Objective. Tocolytic agents are used to prolong gestational age and prevent immediate preterm birth (PTB). This study aims to provide an overview of the use of tocolytics among patients with PTB in China through retrospectively analyzing trends in application, influencing factors, and inappropriate prescriptions. Methods. The prescription data of five tocolytic agents from 2016 to 2021 were extracted from the database of the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperation Project. Drug consumption was expressed as number of prescriptions, cost of prescriptions, and DDDs (defined daily doses). Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the association between DDDs and DDC (defined daily cost). The appropriateness of prescriptions was analyzed in terms of drug dosage form, administration, clinical diagnosis, and combined medication. Results. The total number of tocolytic prescriptions and the total cost of tocolytic agents increased by 6.12% and 387.58%, respectively, over the six‐year duration of the study. From 2016 to 2021, the ranking of the number of prescriptions and DDDs of tocolytic agents was magnesium sulfate > ritodrine > nifedipine > indomethacin > atosiban. During the study period, the cost of tocolytic agents increased significantly, which was mainly related to the increased costs of magnesium sulfate in 2017 and atosiban in 2018 and 2019. The ranking of DDCs was atosiban > ritodrine > magnesium sulfate > nifedipine = indomethacin from 2016 to 2021. For atosiban, the DDC was negatively correlated with the DDDs. Inappropriate prescription, which accounted for 14.84% of all prescriptions, was mainly manifested in the inappropriate selection of nifedipine dosage form, low frequency of nifedipine and indomethacin, and overdosing of ritodrine. Furthermore, 22.87% of tocolytic prescriptions remained active after 34 weeks of gestation, and 7.24% of the prescriptions authorized the use of combination drugs, with magnesium sulfate and nifedipine being the most commonly prescribed combination. What Is New and Conclusion. Magnesium sulfate, ritodrine, and nifedipine were the top three tocolytic agents. As the inappropriate use of tocolytic agents continues to persist, it is important to intensify efforts to ensure the safety and the appropriateness of maternal medication.
Investigating Natural Disaster‐Related External Events at Nuclear Power Plants: Towards Climate Change Resilience
Authors: Kim Dongchang , Kwag Shinyoung , Hahm Daegi , Kim Jitae , Eem Seunghyun
Published: June 2024

Climate change is causing rapid shifts in the intensity and frequency of natural disasters worldwide, which may have implications for the safety of nuclear power plants. As these natural disasters become more frequent and severe, their potential impact on nuclear facilities is expected to increase. Several instances of nuclear power plants being forced to shut down due to climate change have already been observed. The changing patterns of natural disasters can lead to alterations in external events affecting nuclear power plants. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate how climate change could affect the safety and operations of nuclear power plants in order to establish protective measures and mitigation strategies. This study examined external events associated with climate change that could potentially impact nuclear power plants, and both Korean and international cases were summarized. Recommendations for future tasks were proposed based on these findings. Currently, there have been no significant reported cases where climate change has severely impacted the operations and safety of nuclear power plants. However, it is essential to undertake periodic evaluations, long‐term management, and further research to ensure the safety and continued operation of nuclear power plants in the face of climate change.
High Incidence of Esophageal Cancer in Women in Eritrea and Its Potential Link to Low Age at Menopause: Evidence from a 10‐Year Retrospective Data Analysis
Authors: Mengistu Samuel Tekle , Kesete Yafet , Achila Oliver Okoth , Fikadu Genet Tekeste , Abrhaley Feven , Fikadu Emnet Tekeste , Said Salih Mohammed , Gheberehiwet Matiwos Araya , Hamida Mohammed Elfatih , Ghidei Yosief Tewolde
Published: June 2024

Background. Detecting a group of esophageal cancer (EC) cases in endemic regions is essential in identifying high‐risk populations and executing appropriate interventions. The main aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology of EC in Eritrea. Methods. A retrospective (period: 2011 – 2021) study was carried out by abstracting data on EC patients from the logbook kept at the National Health Laboratory (ENHL). Information on socio‐demographic, clinical history, and biopsy analysis findings was collected. For the statistical assessment of data, the End Results (SEER) Joinpoint Regression Program (V.4.5.0.1) was used to calculate crude incidence rate (CIR), age‐adjusted incidence rate (ASR), and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) by sex, age, and histotype. Results. A total of 189 patient’s samples (134 (70.9%) females vs. 55 (29.1%) males, ratio 2.43 : 1) were evaluated. Of the 155 patients with EC, 44 (28.4%) and 111 (71.6%) were diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), respectively (AC/ESCC ratio, 0.4). The median age (IQR) of patients with EC was 60 years (46.0 – 70 years) – (males 62 (IQR: 49.0 – 77 years) vs. females 60 (IQR: 46 ‐67 years), p‐value =0.43. Within age bands, the F: M ratios in patients with ESCC were as follows: >20 ‐29 years =2: 1; 30‐39 years =8 : 1; 40 – 49 years =10.5 : 1; 50‐59 years =6.67 : 1; 60‐69 years =3.25.1; 70‐79 years =1.5 : 1 and>80 years =2 : 1. The all‐age CIR and ASR for EC were 0.468 per 100 000 and 2.281 per 100 000 persons, respectively. Similarly, the all‐age ASR for both males and females was 2.88 per 100 000 and 1.61 per 100 000. Over the study period, the EAPC for all cases was ‐3.0% (95% CI, −11.3 to 6.1, p‐value =0.455). Conclusion. In large part, EC is a women’s disease in Eritrea. The unusually high incidence of ESCC and the high female‐to‐male ratio point at sex‐dependent exposures as a major driver of the EAC epidemic in the country. Therefore, research on the risk factors of EC in Eritrea is urgently needed.
Optimization of Pallet Conveyor System for Weight Reduction
Authors: Majumder Himadri , Bachhav Rohit S.
Published: June 2024

Pallet roller conveyors are designed to facilitate the movement of pallets along a conveyor system, which consists of a series of rollers mounted on a frame. In industries such as manufacturing, logistics, and distribution, pallet roller conveyors are widely used where the efficient movement of palletized loads is crucial for productivity and warehouse optimization. This study optimized pallet roller conveyors in the case of the number of critical conveyor parts. To verify the existing design, pallet conveyor parts were first modeled geometrically, and then, structural analysis was carried out. To reduce the overall weight and save a significant amount of materials, the existing pallet conveyor system is redesigned by designing the critical parts. A structural analysis was carried out, followed by a comparison of the existing pallet roller conveyor design and the optimized one. The calculated maximum deflection and safety factor remained within acceptable limits, ensuring the safety of the optimized design. This minimizes the overall weight and cost of the pallet conveyor system as well as saving a considerable amount of materials.
Study on Elevated Interval Evacuation of Metro Train considering the Influence of Fire, Railings, and Track Bed
Authors: Tu Jianyao , Peng Bozhezi , Bai Liwei , Li Chaoyang , Zhang Yi
Published: June 2024

Elevated metro is a typical type of urban rail transit that operates on viaducts. Due to its fast construction speed and low cost, it plays an important role in transportation systems with dense concentrations of people. Once a fire accident occurs in rush hour, it will cause high casualty and enormous injuries. In this regard, studying the characteristics of fire smoke spread and passengers’ evacuation is of profound significance. In this paper, Pyrosim and Pathfinder software was utilized to simulate metro fire and evacuation process. The variation of temperature, CO concentration, and visibility inside carriage and outside walkaway were studied to explore the characteristic of fire and smoke. Evacuation time, speed, density, and path were analyzed for six cases considering the influence of railing settings on evacuation walkaway and the use of track bed. The impact of smoke on movement speed reduction and temperature on the available door numbers were taken into consideration. Results revealed that the temperature of accident carriage rose to tenability limit after 50 s and the visibility decreased to 5 m within 150 s. CO concentration was below safety criteria due to sufficient oxygen. Temperature was the most important factor that leads to the risk of evacuation, especially inside the accident carriage. The length of evacuation walkaway could highly reduce evacuation time and density. Railings had a negative impact on evacuation while the usage of track bed had a positive effect. Besides, the impact of railings was not as significant as the usage of the track bed. Research results can provide decision‐making reference for fire protection and evacuation design to alleviate congestion and improve safety management.
New Onset of Symptomatic Peptic Ulcer Disease Postpartum Secondary to Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drug Use
Authors: Tallmadge Maggie , MacBeth Margaret , Palatnik Anna
Published: June 2024

The use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) medications is a risk factor for peptic ulcer disease (PUD). PUD in the postpartum period is rare, despite the common use of NSAIDs. A G1P0 presented 6 days postcesarean section with fatigue, lightheadedness, melenic stools, and a hemoglobin of 5.4 g/dL after using NSAIDs and acetaminophen for postoperative pain control. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed for a suspected upper gastrointestinal bleed and found one gastric and one duodenal ulcer. Though typically used for a short course in the postpartum period, NSAIDs remain a predisposing risk factor for PUD postpartum, and patients and providers must be aware of this risk.
Antimicrobial, Anti‐inflammatory, and Wound Healing Properties of Myrtus communis Leaf Methanolic Extract Ointment on Burn Wound Infection Induced by Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Rats
Authors: Jafari Zohre , Bardania Hassan , Barmak Mehrzad Jafari , Eslami Saba , Mahmoudi-Mourderaz Yaser , Roustaei Narges , Talebianpoor Mohammad Sharif , Kokhdan Esmaeel Panahi , Khoramrooz Seyed Sajjad
Published: June 2024

Objective(s). Given the increasing rate of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) resistance to antibiotics, the use of plant‐based antimicrobials to treat the infection has been considered. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of Myrtus communis leaf extract ointment and silver nanoparticles on the healing of burn wounds caused by MRSA in rats. Materials and Methods. In a research experiment, 48 male Wistar rats were anesthetized and second‐degree burns were induced on their backs. The rats’ wounds were then uniformly inoculated with MRSA. Various treatments were applied to the burn wounds daily, including Myrtus ointment, silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles‐Myrtus ointment, silver sulfadiazine‐Myrtus ointment, silver sulfadiazine 1%, mupirocin ointment, and a positive control. The study measured the antimicrobial effects, wound area, percentage of wound healing, antioxidant capacities, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide concentrations in the serum of the rats. Data analysis was performed using GraphPad software, with one‐way ANOVA and Tukey’s tests used to determine the statistical significance of the results. Results. Rats treated with Myrtus ointment, silver nanoparticles‐Myrtus ointment, and mupirocin had reduced bacterial growth compared to the positive control group, nanoparticle ointment, and silver sulfadiazine (P < 0.05). The wound area of the Myrtus ointment group decreased significantly on the seventh and fourteenth days, as well as the level of MDA and nitric oxide, compared to the other groups. In Myrtus and silver sulfadiazine‐Myrtus ointment increased the thickness of the epidermis and dermis compared to the other groups. Conclusion. Based on the anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties of Myrtus, with further studies, an ointment of this plant may be used as a main or complementary treatment for burn wound infections caused by MRSA.
Pregnancy Outcomes Among Teenagers at a National Referral Hospital in Uganda
Authors: Kagawa Mike Nantamu , Owori Otto Alex , Nakalembe Miriam
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a global public health challenge, and it is a major contributor to the high maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates reported in sub‐Saharan Africa and Uganda. However, there is a paucity of data regarding pregnancy outcomes and their associated factors among teenagers in Uganda. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with pregnancy outcomes among teenagers who delivered at a National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda.

Materials and Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted among teenage mothers who delivered at a National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Consecutive participant recruitment was done for those who fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The outcomes of interest included adverse maternal outcome with obstructed labor being used as a proxy and adverse fetal outcomes with birth asphyxia used as a proxy. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between independent and dependent variables with a 5% level of statistical significance (α = 0.05).

Results: Teenage pregnancy was associated with adverse maternal outcomes which included obstructed labor (18%) and preterm labor (5.5%). There were no maternal deaths during the study period. Adverse fetal outcomes observed in this study population included low birth weight (83%), birth asphyxia (18%), and stillbirth (4%). The only factor associated with adverse maternal outcome was gestational age where teenage mothers had 4 times likelihood of delivering before 37 weeks. Relatedly, teenage mothers had an 81% chance of having a preterm birth.

Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy was generally not associated with adverse maternal or fetal outcomes except for preterm birth. The reasons for adverse pregnancy outcomes may reflect a combination of gynecological and biological immaturity, as well as adverse socioeconomic pressures.
Spontaneous Pregnancy after 4D‐Hysterosalpingo‐Sonography (HyCoSy) in the Same Menstrual Cycle: A Case Report and an Updating Review of the Current Literature regarding the Positive Impact of Tubal Flushing Effect on Fertility
Authors: Bisogni Francesco , Galanti Francesco , Riccio Serena , Ghanitab Simona , Polletta Stefania , Annesi Valentina , Antonaci Domenico , Rago Andrea , Schiavi Michele Carlo , Spina Vincenzo , Rago Rocco
Published: June 2024

Infertility is increasing worldwide, as well as in Italy, and fallopian tube pathology represents one of the most impacting causes of infertility for multiple women. Indeed, tubal patency assessment is a crucial step in medical evaluation for women attending an in vitro fertilization (IVF) center. Currently, different methods for tubal investigation are available, such as chromosalpingoscopy, hysterosalpingography (HSG), and hysterosalpingo‐contrast sonography (HyCoSy). This diagnostic exam is performed by ultrasonography and an air‐water‐based contrast agent represented by air‐water, or foam solution (HyFoSy). An additional side benefit of these assessment tests is a fertility‐enhancing effect, thanks to a positive effect defined as “tubal flushing,” which in current literature is more strongly associated with HyFoSy with respect to HyCoSy. In this report, we present a case of a 34‐year‐old woman presented to our attention at the Reproductive and Physiopathology Unit of Sandro Pertini Hospital, Rome, in 2023, with unexplained infertility for 3.1 years of free sexual intercourse with a partner who did not report sperm abnormalities. Subsequently, in this exam, the woman spontaneously conceived in the same menstrual cycle that the 4D‐HyCoSy was performed, without any additional fertility enhancement interventions. In this case report, we also include an updating review of the current literature regarding the insurgence of spontaneous pregnancy after this technique in order to explore the physiopathological and etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying the achievement of spontaneous pregnancy and to confront our case with other recent works published. According to our clinical experience and the current literature, 4D‐HyCoSy is the easiest, safest, and cheapest diagnostic exam for investigating tubal patency, which can lead to medical success in some cases of “unexplained infertility” as the achievement of a spontaneous pregnancy.
Predictive Modeling of Energy Poverty with Machine Learning Ensembles: Strategic Insights from Socioeconomic Determinants for Effective Policy Implementation
Authors: Gawusu Sidique , Jamatutu Seidu Abdulai , Ahmed Abubakari
Published: June 2024

This study aims to identify the key predictors of the multidimensional energy poverty index (MEPI) by employing advanced machine learning (ML) ensemble methods. Traditional energy poverty research often relies on conventional statistical techniques, which limits the understanding of complex socioeconomic factors. To address this gap, we propose an approach using three distinct ML ensemble models: extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)‐random forest (RF), XGBoost‐multiple linear regression (MLR), and XGBoost‐artificial neural network (ANN). These models are applied to a comprehensive dataset encompassing various socioeconomic indicators. The findings demonstrate that the XGBoost‐RF ensemble achieves exceptional accuracy and reliability, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.041, an R‐squared (R2) of 0.975, and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.992. The XGBoost‐MLR ensemble shows superior generalizability, maintaining a consistent R2 of 0.845 across both the testing and training phases. The XGBoost‐ANN model balances complexity with predictive capability, achieving an RMSE of 0.056, an R2 of 0.954 in the testing phase, and an R2 of 0.799 in training. Significantly, the study identifies “Education,” “Food Consumption Score (FCS),” “Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIA),” and “Dietary Diversity Score (DDS)” as critical predictors of MEPI. These results highlight the intricate relationship between energy poverty and factors related to food security and education. By integrating the insights from these ML models with policy initiatives, this study offers a promising new approach to addressing energy poverty. It highlights the importance of education, food security, and socioeconomic factors in crafting effective policy interventions.
Clinical Updates and Surveillance Recommendations for DNA Replication Repair Deficiency Syndromes in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Das Anirban , MacFarland Suzanne P. , Meade Julia , Hansford Jordan R. , Schneider Kami W. , Kuiper Roland P. , Jongmans Marjolijn C.J. , Lesmana Harry , Schultz Kris Ann P. , Nichols Kim E. , Durno Carol , Zelley Kristin , Porter Christopher C. , States Lisa J. , Ben-Shachar Shay , Savage Sharon A. , Kalish Jennifer M. , Walsh Michael F. , Scott Hamish S. , Plon Sharon E. , Tabori Uri
Published: June 2024

Replication repair deficiency (RRD) is a pan-cancer mechanism characterized by abnormalities in the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system due to pathogenic variants in the PMS2, MSH6, MSH2, or MLH1 genes, and/or in the polymerase-proofreading genes POLE and POLD1. RRD predisposition syndromes (constitutional MMR deficiency, Lynch, and polymerase proofreading–associated polyposis) share overlapping phenotypic and biological characteristics. Moreover, cancers stemming from germline defects of one mechanism can acquire somatic defects in another, leading to complete RRD. Here we describe the recent advances in the diagnostics, surveillance, and clinical management for children with RRD syndromes. For patients with constitutional MMR deficiency, new data combining clinical insights and cancer genomics have revealed genotype–phenotype associations and helped in the development of novel functional assays, diagnostic guidelines, and surveillance recommendations. Recognition of non-gastrointestinal/genitourinary malignancies, particularly aggressive brain tumors, in select children with Lynch and polymerase proofreading–associated polyposis syndromes harboring an RRD biology have led to new management considerations. Additionally, universal hypermutation and microsatellite instability have allowed immunotherapy to be a paradigm shift in the treatment of RRD cancers independent of their germline etiology. These advances have also stimulated a need for expert recommendations about genetic counseling for these patients and their families. Future collaborative work will focus on newer technologies such as quantitative measurement of circulating tumor DNA and functional genomics to tailor surveillance and clinical care, improving immune surveillance; develop prevention strategies; and deliver these novel discoveries to resource-limited settings to maximize benefits for patients globally.
Supplementary Table 1 from FOXO1 Inhibition Generates Potent Nonactivated CAR T Cells against Solid Tumors
Authors: Marchais Maude , Simula Luca , Phayanouvong Mélanie , Mami-Chouaib Fathia , Bismuth Georges , Decroocq Justine , Bouscary Didier , Dutrieux Jacques , Mangeney Marianne
Published: June 2024

Main characteristics of patients.
Supplementary Figure 5 from FOXO1 Inhibition Generates Potent Nonactivated CAR T Cells against Solid Tumors
Authors: Marchais Maude , Simula Luca , Phayanouvong Mélanie , Mami-Chouaib Fathia , Bismuth Georges , Decroocq Justine , Bouscary Didier , Dutrieux Jacques , Mangeney Marianne
Published: June 2024

AS1842856 treatment does not allow T cells proliferation.
Supplementary Figure 4 from FOXO1 Inhibition Generates Potent Nonactivated CAR T Cells against Solid Tumors
Authors: Marchais Maude , Simula Luca , Phayanouvong Mélanie , Mami-Chouaib Fathia , Bismuth Georges , Decroocq Justine , Bouscary Didier , Dutrieux Jacques , Mangeney Marianne
Published: June 2024

AS1842856 promotes Tfh polarization.
Supplementary Table S1 from Hemangiosarcoma Cells Promote Conserved Host-derived Hematopoietic Expansion
Authors: Kim Jong Hyuk , Schulte Ashley J. , Sarver Aaron L. , Lee Donghee , Angelos Mathew G. , Frantz Aric M. , Forster Colleen L. , O'Brien Timothy D. , Cornax Ingrid , O'Sullivan M. Gerard , Cheng Nuojin , Lewellen Mitzi , Oseth LeAnn , Kumar Sunil , Bullman Susan , Pedamallu Chandra Sekhar , Goyal Sagar M. , Meyerson Matthew , Lund Troy C. , Breen Matthew , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Dickerson Erin B. , Kaufman Dan S. , Modiano Jaime F.
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Table S1
Supplementary Figure S5 from Hemangiosarcoma Cells Promote Conserved Host-derived Hematopoietic Expansion
Authors: Kim Jong Hyuk , Schulte Ashley J. , Sarver Aaron L. , Lee Donghee , Angelos Mathew G. , Frantz Aric M. , Forster Colleen L. , O'Brien Timothy D. , Cornax Ingrid , O'Sullivan M. Gerard , Cheng Nuojin , Lewellen Mitzi , Oseth LeAnn , Kumar Sunil , Bullman Susan , Pedamallu Chandra Sekhar , Goyal Sagar M. , Meyerson Matthew , Lund Troy C. , Breen Matthew , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Dickerson Erin B. , Kaufman Dan S. , Modiano Jaime F.
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Figure S5
Supplementary Figure S10 from Hemangiosarcoma Cells Promote Conserved Host-derived Hematopoietic Expansion
Authors: Kim Jong Hyuk , Schulte Ashley J. , Sarver Aaron L. , Lee Donghee , Angelos Mathew G. , Frantz Aric M. , Forster Colleen L. , O'Brien Timothy D. , Cornax Ingrid , O'Sullivan M. Gerard , Cheng Nuojin , Lewellen Mitzi , Oseth LeAnn , Kumar Sunil , Bullman Susan , Pedamallu Chandra Sekhar , Goyal Sagar M. , Meyerson Matthew , Lund Troy C. , Breen Matthew , Lindblad-Toh Kerstin , Dickerson Erin B. , Kaufman Dan S. , Modiano Jaime F.
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Figure S10
Two Moroccan Families with Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy and Report of a Novel LMNA Pathogenic Variant
Authors: Rahmuni Yasmina , El Kadiri Youssef , Lyahyai Jaber , Birouk Nezha , Nesnassi Mounir , Sefiani Abdelaziz , Ratbi Ilham
Published: June 2024

Background: Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy associated with early tendon retractions and late cardiomyopathy. Among several genes, EMD and LMNA are the major ones (55%). Due to intra- and inter-familial heterogeneity, only NGS allows to confirm with certainty EDMD by identifying the mutation in the causal gene. Case Presentation: We report clinical and molecular data of two unrelated Moroccan patients with EDMD in whom we identified a deleterious hemizygous splicing variant NM_000117.3(EMD): c.399 + 1G>T and a novel frameshift variant NM_170707.4(LMNA): c.1549_1550delCA, respectively. Carrier status of the EMD variant was investigated in several relatives at risk. Conclusion: We emphasize the importance of NGS as a powerful genetic tool in EDMD for accurate molecular diagnosis, effective clinical management of patients, and appropriate genetic counseling of families.
Modification of Risk for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease-Related Mortality with Changes in the Body Mass Index in Older Individuals: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Mei-Ju , Lai Yun-Ju , Chen Chu-Chieh , Hsieh Chen , Chou Yi-Chang , Yen Yung-Feng
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Existing evidence evaluating the impact of change in body mass index (BMI) on the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality in older people is limited and inconsistent. This population-based cohort study evaluated the association of changes in BMI over time with all-cause and CVD-related mortality in older adults. Methods: We recruited 55,351 adults aged over 65 years between 2006 and 2011 from Taipei Elderly Health Examination Program who underwent repeated annual health examinations at 3.2-year intervals and were followed up for mortality over 5.5 years. Cox proportional hazard and Fine-Gray sub-distribution hazard models with death from non-CVD causes as the competing risk were used to determine the impact of changes in BMI status on the risk of all-cause or CVD-related mortality, respectively. Results: Over 227,967 person-years of follow-up, 4,054 participants died, including 940 (23.2%) CVD-related deaths. After adjusting for other covariates, >10% decrease in BMI was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.74–2.13) and CVD-related mortality (AHR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.60–2.40), compared with stable BMI. Sensitivity analysis showed that a >10% decrease in BMI was significantly associated with a high risk of all-cause and CVD-related mortality in participants with normal weight, underweight, overweight, or obesity at baseline. Conclusion: Older adults with >10% decrease in BMI are at high risk of all-cause and CVD-related mortality. Our findings suggest that older individuals experiencing a substantial reduction in BMI should undergo a thorough evaluation to minimize the risks associated with mortality.
Skipping Breakfast and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in the General Japanese Population: the Iki City Epidemiological Study of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Kidney Disease (ISSA-CKD)
Authors: Takahashi Koji , Inoue Yori , Tada Kazuhiro , Hiyamuta Hiroto , Ito Kenji , Yasuno Tetsuhiko , Sakaguchi Takashi , Katsuki Shiori , Shinohara Yukiko , Nohara Chihiro , Okutsu Shota , Abe Makiko , Satoh Atsushi , Kawazoe Miki , Maeda Toshiki , Yoshimura Chikara , Mukoubara Shigeaki , Arima Hisatomi , Masutani Kosuke
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Breakfast-skipping habits are associated with adverse health outcomes including coronary heart disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. However, it remains uncertain whether skipping breakfast affects chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk. This study aimed to examine the association between skipping breakfast and progression of CKD.
Methods: We retrospectively conducted a population-based cohort study using the data from the Iki City Epidemiological Study of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Kidney Disease (ISSA-CKD). Between 2008 and 2019, we included 922 participants aged 30 years or older who had CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2 and/or proteinuria) at baseline. Breakfast-skippers were defined as participants who skipped breakfast more than 3 times per week. The outcome was CKD progression defined as a decline of at least 30% in the eGFR from the baseline status. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CKD progression, adjusted for other CKD risk factors.
Results: During a follow-up period with a mean of 5.5 years, CKD progression occurred in 60 (6.5%) participants. The incidence rate (per 1,000 person-years) of CKD progression was 21.5 in the breakfast-skipping group and 10.7 in the breakfast-eating group (p=0.029), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for CKD progression was 2.60 (95% CI 1.29‒5.26) for the breakfast-skipping group (p=0.028) compared with the group eating breakfast. There were no clear differences in the association of skipping breakfast with CKD progression in subgroup analyses by sex, age, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, baseline eGFR and baseline proteinuria.
Conclusion: Skipping breakfast was significantly associated with higher risk of CKD progression in the general Japanese population.