bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOLUTION OF INVERSE STEFAN PROBLEMS BY A SOURCE‐AND‐SINK METHOD
Authors: HSIEH C.K. , AKBARI MEHDI , LI HONGJUN
Published: February 2008

A method has been developed for the solution of inverse heat diffusion problems to find the initial condition, boundary condition, and the source and sink function in the heat diffusion equation. The method has been used in the development of a source‐and‐sink method to find the boundary conditions in inverse Stefan problems. Green's functions have been used in the solution, and the problems are solved by using two approaches: a series solution approach, and a time incremental approach. Both can be used to find the boundary conditions without reliance on the flux information to be supplied at both sides of the interface. The methods are efficient in that they require less equations to be solved for the conditions. The numerical results have shown to be accurate, convergent, and stable. Most of all, the results do not degrade with time as in other time marching schemes reported in the literature. Algorithms can also be easily developed for the solution of the conditions.
THREE‐DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF ISOTHERMAL FLUID FLOW IN GAS TURBINE COMBUSTORS
Authors: MELAAEN M.C.
Published: February 2008

A solution algorithm for the numerical calculation of isothermal fluid flow inside gas turbine combustors is presented. The finite‐volume method together with curvilinear non‐orthogonal coordinates and a non‐staggered grid arrangement is employed. Cartesian velocity components are chosen as dependent variables in the momentum equations. The turbulent flow inside the combustor is modelled by the k—ε turbulence model. The grid is generated by solving elliptic equations. This solution algorithm, which can be used on both can‐type and annular combustors, is tested on a water model can‐type combustor because of the availability of geometrical and experimental data for comparison.
NATURAL CONVECTION IN A HORIZONTAL CONCENTRIC CYLINDRICAL ANNULUS
Authors: GARG V.K. , SZERI A.Z.
Published: February 2008

This numerical study of natural convection flow in a horizontal cylindrical annulus is aimed at establishing the utility of the Galerkin‐spline formulation for natural convection problems. The annulus has isothermal walls and the fluid is of constant material properties except for its density; density variation is incorporated via the Boussinesq approximation. Two formulations are employed, the velocity formulation and the streamfunction formulation. We are able to demonstrate the usefulness of the Galerkin‐spline formulation for the problem and in comparison with published data, show that it leads to greater accuracy than the finite difference method. We also show the streamfunction formulation to be superior computationally to the velocity formulation. We find no bifurcation from the basic state up to 60,000 in Grashof number, even withouta prioriassumption of symmetry about the vertical plane. This last finding is in sharp contrast to results obtained when porous material fills the annulus.
UNSTEADY NATURAL CONVECTION IN OPEN‐ENDED VERTICAL CONCENTRIC ANNULI
Authors: EL‐SHAARAWI M.A.I. , AL‐ATTAS M.A.
Published: February 2008

A finite‐difference scheme is developed for solving the boundary layer equations governing the unsteady laminar free convection flow in open ended vertical concentric annuli. The initial condition considered for the creation of the thermal transient corresponds to a step change in temperature at the inner annulus boundary while the outer wall is maintained adiabatic. Numerical results for a fluid of Pr = 0.7 in an annulus of radius ratio 0.5 are presented. The results show the developing velocity and pressure fields with respect to space and time. Also, the important relationship between the annulus height and the induced flow rate is presented for various values of the time parameter starting from quiescence to the final steady state.
A STUDY OF THE HYDROELASTIC STABILITY OF A COMPLIANT PANEL USING NUMERICAL METHODS
Authors: LUCEY ANTHONY D. , CARPENTER PETER W.
Published: February 2008

A numerical method is developed which can simulate the interaction between a finite compliant panel and an unsteady potential flow. A boundary‐element technique yields the flow solution whilst finite‐differences are used to solve the wall dynamics; these are then coupled to generate a fully interactive wall/flow system. Thus, the evolution of any wall disturbance can be followed. Parallel computing is appropriately employed and a stability investigation of a realistic compliant panel is carried out. Three‐dimensional flexural waves are found below a critical flow speed whilst beyond this threshold, essentially two‐dimensional unstable divergence waves are found. The form of divergence shows good agreement with that seen in experimental studies. The versatility of this new method will permit the investigation of a wide variety of single‐ and multi‐panel configurations subject to different forms of excitation.
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Authors: DASH S.K. , CHATTOPADHYAY H.
Published: February 2008

An attempt has been made to solve the heat conduction equation in a multiconnected domain using both boundary fitted coordinate system and finite element method. It has been found that boundary fitted coordinate system takes significantly less time in setting up the grid lines or mesh points compared to the finite element method of ANSYS. It has also been established that the former method takes much less time in obtaining a grid independent solution of the temperature field compared to the later one.
TRANSIENT THERMOELASTICITY BY MULTIPLE RECIPROCITY METHOD
Authors: NEVES A.C. , WROBEL L.C. , NOWAK A.J.
Published: February 2008

This paper presents a boundary element formulation for transient uncoupled thermoelasticity employing a multiple reciprocity method (MRM) approximation for calculating the thermal stress field. An intermediate step, which involves curve fitting, is necessary for processing the results of the heat conduction analysis into a form suitable for the MRM. Numerical results are included which validate the present technique.
FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF THE ‘NEAR WALL ZONE’ OF CONFINED TURBULENT FLOWS: PART II
Authors: TAYLOR C. , XIA J.Y.
Published: February 2008

Finite element based solution techniques have been developed to replace the conventional ‘wall functions’ in the ‘near wall zone’ of general confined turbulent flows. The technique is validated by application to the turbulent flow and associated heat transfer within a square/rectangular cross‐sectioned duct rotating about an axis orthogonal to its longitudinal axis. The predicted results are compared with those from experimental measurements and excellent agreement is obtained when using the advocated methodology.
PETROV—GALERKIN METHODS ON ISOPARAMETRIC BILINEAR AND BIQUADRATIC ELEMENTS TESTED FOR A SCALAR CONVECTION—DIFFUSION PROBLEM
Authors: PETERA J. , NASSEHI V. , PITTMAN J.F.T.
Published: February 2008

A number of finite element formulations involving discontinuous weighting functions have been tested against analytic solutions for a steady scalar convection—diffusion problem at intermediate Peclet number, with a ‘hard’ downstream boundary condition. The emphasis is on extending these methods to isoparametric bilinear and biquadratic elements. In order to do this a procedure is given for the exact calculation of shape function Laplacians. Having confirmed the success of the Brooks—Hughes streamline upwind Petrov—Galerkin (SUPG) method for isoparametric bilinear elements, formulations for biquadratic elements are examined. Galerkin least squares offers little advantage over SUPG in the test problem. The generalized Galerkin method of Donea et al. gave excellent results, but because of concern over the possibility of cross‐streamline artificial diffusion in some cases, a strictly streamline formulation incorporating the optimal parameters of Donea et al. is proposed. This gave excellent results on a sufficiently refined mesh.
ON THE ENTHALPY METHOD
Authors: SWAMINATHAN C.R. , VOLLER V.R.
Published: February 2008

Two common fixed grid enthalpy methods used in the numerical modelling of phase change problems are the apparent heat capacity and the source based methods. In this paper, a general enthalpy method that includes as subsets both apparent heat capacity and source based methods, is derived. Following this, an optimal enthalpy scheme is identified. The superiority of the optimal scheme over the apparent heat capacity and the source based schemes is illustrated by solving sample phase change problems.
HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT ESTIMATION BY INVERSE CONDUCTION ALGORITHM
Authors: RAUDENSKÝ MIROSLAV
Published: February 2008

A method of estimating a heat transfer coefficient at the surface of a solid body is described. Knowing the ambient temperature and the temperature history at an inner point (points) of the body, the heat transfer coefficient is computed. The inverse algorithm can respect the non‐linear nature of the task. The inverse algorithm is based on the computation of the temperature fields. Any method for unsteady state heat conduction can be used. The influence of the random errors of the input experimental data is described.
LAMINAR FULLY DEVELOPED INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW WITH MIXED CONVECTION IN INCLINED TUBES
Authors: ORFI J. , GALANIS N. , NGUYEN C.T.
Published: February 2008

The effects of tube inclination and Grashof number on the fully developed hydrodynamic and thermal fields are investigated numerically for laminar ascending flow of air and water in uniformly heated circular tubes. The effects of the buoyancy induced secondary flow on the hydrodynamic and thermal fields are complex and strongly dependent on the Grashof number, the Prandtl number and the tube inclination. The influence of these parameters on the intensity of the secondary flow, on the distortion of the axial velocity profile and of the temperature field from the corresponding distributions for pure forced flow, as well as on the circumferential variation of the local shear stress and of the local Nusselt number are analysed. The average shear stress is higher than for pure forced flow and it increases with both the tube inclination and with the Grashof number. The average Nusselt number is higher than for pure forced flow and increases with the Grashof number. For a given fluid and Grashof number there exists an optimum tube inclination which maximizes the average Nusselt number. Correlations for the average Nusselt number in terms of Gr and Pr are presented for four different tube inclinations.
VORTEX INITIATION DURING DYNAMIC STALL OF AN AIRFOIL
Authors: ITTY I.P. , LEITH J.R.
Published: February 2008

The flow field around an oscillating airfoil is evaluated numerically, using the stream function‐vorticity formulation of the Navier‐Stokes equations. An algebraic turbulence model, adapted from the Baldwin‐Lomax model, is included in solving the time‐averaged Reynolds equations. Computed pressure distribution for turbulent flow past a stationary airfoil is compared with measurements. Finally, for the oscillating airfoil cases, the computations are performed in order to determine the history of pressure distribution and to identify the nature of the vortex initiation on the suction surface for laminar and turbulent flow. Our results for laminar flow show that minute circular shaped vortices are formed on the surface prior to the dominant vortex formation. Flattened vortices are formed on the surface in turbulent flow, prior to the formation of the dominant large vortex structure.
ANALYSIS OF NATURAL CONVECTION MELTING OF A VERTICAL ICE CYLINDER INVOLVING DENSITY ANOMALY
Authors: WU YONGKE , LACROIX MARCEL
Published: February 2008

A numerical study is reported of natural convection melting of ice within a vertical cylinder. A stream function‐vorticity‐temperature formulation is employed in conjunction with body‐fitted coordinates for tracking the irregular shape of the timewise varying solid‐liquid interface. A parabolic density profile versus temperature is assumed for water. Numerical experiments are carried out for a temperature of the cylinder wall ranging from 4°C to 10°C. Results show that natural convection heat transfer involving density anomaly leads to complex flow patterns and strongly affects the time evolution of the phase front. The maximum Nusselt number at the heated cylinder wall is obtained for Tw = 4°C while the minimum is observed for Tw = 8°C.
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Authors: GIVOLI DAN
Published: February 2008

The Kirchhoff transformation, in conjunction with the finite element method, is proposed as a tool in solving non‐linear heat conduction problems. A very simple way to obtain the inverse Kirchhoff transformation is shown, using the contour lines of the Kirchhoff variable obtained from a finite element analysis.
FAST — A GENERALIZED FV SOLUTION OF CONVECTION‐DIFFUSION PROBLEMS BY MEANS OF MONOTONIC v‐SPLINES PROFILES
Authors: PENNATI V. , MARELLI M. , DE BIASE L.M.
Published: February 2008

In this paper new cubic v‐splines monotonic one‐dimensional profiles are presented, for the finite volume solution of convection‐diffusion problems. By studying the profile in normalized variables, some weight functions have been determined for the profile. Being free of the requirement that the volumes be equal, the volume size can be reduced where needed. Numerical properties of the proposed method were formally analysed and are confirmed by numerical examples included here.
APPROXIMATE ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR DIFFUSION PROBLEMS IN UNBOUNDED MEDIA AND THEIR APPLICATION IN INFINITE ELEMENTS
Authors: LI Y.C.
Published: February 2008

This paper presents approximate analytical solutions for the diffusion problems of a cylindrical hole in an infinite medium and a slot in an infinite medium with properly prescribed boundary conditions and initial conditions. These solutions have much simpler forms than those of exact analytical solutions, and asymptotically approach the exact solutions with increasing time or the material point moving away from the internal boundary. The approximate analytical solution for the diffusion problem of a slot in an infinite medium is applied to establish a shape function for the infinite elements. Good agreement is found in comparison of our results with those presented by Li and Huang and Cinco‐Ley et al. Finally, an example simulating a primary recovery procedure in hydraulic fracturing technique for an oil field is presented.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A ONE‐STEP ACCURATE FLUX VECTOR‐SPLITTING IMPLICIT ALGORITHM FOR EULER AND NAVIER‐STOKES EQUATIONS
Authors: NG E.Y.K. , LIU S.Z.
Published: February 2008

This paper introduces a novel algorithm for solving the two‐dimensional Euler and Navier‐Stokes compressible equations using a one‐step effective flux vector‐splitting implicit method. The new approach makes a contribution by deriving a simple and yet effective implicit scheme which has the features of an exact factorization and avoids the solving of block‐diagonal system of equations. This results in a significant improvement in computational efficiency as compared to the standard Beam‐Warming and Steger implicit factored schemes. The current work has advantageous characteristics in the creation of higher order numerical implicit terms. The scheme is stable if we could select the correct values of the scalars (λ±ξ and λ±η) for the respective split flux‐vectors (F± and G±) along the ξ− and η−directions. A simple solving procedure is suggested with the discussion of the implicit boundary conditions, stability analysis, time‐step length and convergence criteria. This method is spatially second‐order accurate, fully conservative and implemented with general co‐ordinate transformations for treating complex geometries. Also, the scheme shows a good convergence rate and acceptable accuracy in capturing the shock waves. Results calculated from the program developed include transonic flows through convergence‐divergence nozzle and turbine cascade. Comparisons with other well‐documented experimental data are presented and their agreements are very promising. The extension of the algorithm to 3D simulation is straightforward and under way.
Conspectus of degree courses in marketing
Authors: Bannister James , Jobber David
Published: February 2008

This conspectus attempts to achieve three objectives:
A Comment on ‘A Note on Jaguar's Pricing Policy’
Authors: Barnard N.R. , Midgley D.F. , Hanmer‐Lloyd S.A.
Published: February 2008

In a recent paper, Harrison and Wilkes carried out some simple economic analysis demonstrating some shortcomings in Jaguar's pricing policy and advocating a market‐oriented approach. While agreeing with their aims, we must point out that, even if their assumptions are accepted, the paper contains two errors.
Jaguar's Pricing Policy — A Reply
Authors: Harrison R. , Wilkes F.M.
Published: February 2008

Professor Gabor and Mr. Bates, together with Messrs. Barnard, Midgley and Hanmer‐Lloyd are quite correct in pointing out our arithmetical slip and the incorrect differentiation of the opportunity loss function. As they point out at length the true value of the opportunity loss, L, is £6.3m and since
Register of Research in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bannister J.P. , Withey F.
Published: February 2008

This is the fourth comprehensive register of current research in marketing to appear in this Journal. It is hoped that it will prove useful as a source of information to all those with interests in the subject. The projects listed do not include research work undertaken by commercial organisations or studies conducted in educational institutions where the results are not intended to be generally available. Otherwise, every effort has been made to obtain basic information from research workers willing to discuss their efforts with other interested individuals.
A Note on Research in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bannister J.P. , Withey F.
Published: February 2008

In compiling the preceding Register of Research in the UK the opportunity was taken to elicit brief additional information from respondents regarding their future research intentions, their preferences for particular marketing specialisations, the nature and content of their current research and their opinions on possible areas of neglect in marketing.
Review of European Marketing Literature
Authors: Mann James
Published: February 2008

There has long been a feeling that, because of the dominance of the English language in marketing literature, many excellent contributions in other tongues go unheeded by the scholar. This first issue of the Review of European Marketing Literature (REML) is a modest start to ensure a wide knowledge of what marketing issues are being discussed in French, German, Dutch, Italian and the Scandinavian and Central European languages.
The Adoption and Diffusion of New Industrial Products: A Literature Review
Authors: Kennedy Anita M.
Published: February 2008

I. INTRODUCTIONThis study attempts to extend and expand previous research conducted by the Department of Marketing at Strathclyde on the adoption and diffusion of industrial products.
Employer Perceptions and the Market for Sandwich Students
Authors: Baron Peter J.
Published: February 2008

Frequent concern has been expressed by researchers over the adequacy of organisational buyer behaviour models. Despite this, academics have for long ignored one ready test‐bed provided by their own product; namely, students. In the UK each year, several thousands of students are put on to the employment market, as either a finished product with a degree or diploma, or for a sandwich training period in work. This neglect contrasts strongly with the heavy use made of students as experimental subjects for enquiry into other difficult behavioural areas. Their use in gaming simulations of business bargaining strategy provides numerous good examples of such use.
The Competitiveness of British Industry: What Really Makes the Difference?
Authors: Baker M.J. , Black C.D. , Hart S.J.
Published: February 2008

Tightly controlled studies of competitiveness such as this one find few detectable differences between above and below‐average firms. This casts doubt on the validity and reliability of previous work claiming to have identified correlates of success. A wide range of these so‐called differentiating success factors are covered and concludes that only long‐term planning, the length of long‐term plans and some strategic options are associated with success.
How Fisons Managed its Turnaround
Authors: Finlay Paul N.
Published: February 2008

The strategic moves made by Fisons from the start of the company through to the present are charted. The significant events and strategic moves for the period up to 1980 are chronicled first, followed by events during the two subsequent periods, the crisis years 1980–1983 and the years post‐1983. The strategic planning tools and methodologies used by Fisons during these periods are discussed.
An Investigation into the Nature of Problem Recognition and Deliberation in Buyer Behaviour
Authors: Fletcher Keith
Published: February 2008

Introduction With the publication of the consumer behaviour textbook by Engel, Kollat and Blackwell (1968), the dominant approach to studying consumer behaviour has been to study the elements of the consumer behaviour decision process. The approach taken by Engel, Kollat and Blackwell, and since then by many other researchers, is that this process is an exercise in problem solving and that a problem exists when there is a goal to be attained or sought and uncertainty as to what is the best solution for the given or perceived problem (Markin, 1974).
Vine Volume 1 Issue 1 1971
Authors: Overton C.M.
Published: February 2008

1) REPORT OF INFORMATION OFFICER'S VISIT TO NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY SEPTEMBER 27th, 1971 1. Unfortunately my visit to the libirary was very short. I talked to Mr. Alan Jeffreys (Sub‐Librarian, Cataloguing) about the catalogue Computerisation Project (CCP) and I also met Mr. John Bagnall (Automation Officer) end Mr. Colin Balmforth (Deputy Librarian); there was no time to look at the automated Acquisitions system.
Vine Volume 1 Issue 2 1971
Authors: Overton C.M.
Published: February 2008

[1] Monographs At the beginning of 1972 the three BLCMP libraries will start to build up a union catalogue of MARC records for their intake. Whenever possible these records will be taken from nationally produced MARC tapes, the libraries supplementing these with local data.
Vine Volume 2 Issue 2 1972
Authors: Overton C.M.
Published: February 2008

1. BLCMP has just published a document describing the Project's use of the MARC format:‐ BLCMP MARC Manual: input procedures for monographs cataloguing. With supplement: music and sound recordings. BLCMP, 1972. £1.50. ISBN 0 903154 03X. This is primarily an instruction manual for BLCMP staff but is likely to be of interest both to other MARC users and to those contemplating automation of cataloguing. The manual parallels the BNB MARC Documentation Service publication no.5; it describes the format for cataloguing monographs as it is applied by BLCMP, and shows how, on occasion, this differs from BNB practice. The format in use for serials cataloguing has already been described in MASS Working Paper no.1, 1970. In the United States the tendency appears to be for the Library of Congress to develop different, not necessarily compatible, formats for different media. In the UK, however, it is regarded as important, largely for economy of program development, that all media should conform to a basic format with extensions to it for special media. This is the case with the BLCMP cataloguing format for music and sound recordings and serials.
MICROTEXT — ELECTRONIC BLACKBOARD, EXPERT SYSTEM OR TEACHING PACKAGE
Authors: Snell MJ , Duggua H
Published: February 2008

Information Technology and its use in reader education has been of continual interest to Stirling University Library. In 1978, under the auspices of a British Library project investigating the potential role of intelligent terminals in libraries, we adapted a Hewlett Packard 2645A terminal to provide a ‘self‐help’ facility giving information on basic library services.
OKAPI: A PROTOTYPE ONLINE CATALOGUE
Authors: Venner Gill , Walker Stephen , Mitev Nathalie
Published: February 2008

This article is a continuation and expansion of, which reported on an early stage of “Microcomputer networking in libraries”, a project funded by the British Library Research and Development Department and the Department of Trade and Industry. The work was carried out at the Polytechnic of Central London (PCL) by Mitev, Venner and Walker; its main aim was to construct a prototype online public access catalogue (OPAC) using local area network (LAN) hardware. The hardware was a Nestar PLAN 4000 network, using Apple IIe microcomputers as work stations and a 137 megabyte Winchester disc controlled by a 68000‐based file server.
MODULE 4 — THE EALING EXPERIENCE
Authors: Day Carole
Published: February 2008

The London Borough of Ealing Public Library Service installed a DS Module 4 system in summer 1984; by January 1985 all twelve branches and the Bibliographic Services Department were on‐line. This paper describes our experience of the Module 4 system to date, from initial choice to current performance.
URICA: THE BRENT EXPERIENCE
Authors: English Alec , Jurkowski Clare
Published: February 2008

Brent Library Service was the first U.K. public library to purchase URICA. Conventional wisdom suggests that the purchase of an untried computer system is not the smoothest path to computerisation. Why, then, did Brent deliberately adopt such a high‐risk approach? Clearly, any attempt to identify a prime cause for this decision runs the risk of looking further and further into the past. A sensible identification of the starting point for our computerisation project is to be found in 1978.
STOCK AUDITING: ANALYSING SWALCAP MANAGEMENT INFORMATION ON A SPREADSHEET
Authors: Payne Philip
Published: February 2008

We all like to believe that our library catalogues are an authoritative record of our library stocks. But how confident are we that this is the case? Losses, in particular, are liable to mean that the catalogue could reflect our actual stock rather poorly. Unless action is taken, this discrepancy will become increasingly acute and will reduce readers' and staff members' confidence in the catalogue as a location tool.
COPOL AND ELECTRONIC MAIL
Authors: Adams Roy
Published: February 2008

Although it has been around for many years electronic mail (e‐mail) has grown in public awareness over the last few months to a point where one could get the impression that the whole business world is spending its time sending messages to itself. A number of factors have combined to create this heightened awareness.
ELAN: A LOCAL AREA NETWORK FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF INFORMATION PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Burton Paul
Published: February 2008

ELAN (Educational Local Area Network) is the local area network of IBM PC's installed in the Department of Information Science; Strathclyde Business School. Essentially; it has a dual role (a) as part of the administration and management of the Department and (b) as a working example of electronic information handling and transfer which can be demonstrated to; and used by; students on undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Much student work is now prepared electronically; and there are signs that; in the future; much of it will also be submitted electronically!
AUTOMATION IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
Authors: Parry V.T.H.
Published: February 2008

The University of London's far‐reaching plan for a new generation of library automation has become a casualty of the UGC's latest round of cuts in funding for universities. A strategy had been developed over recent years to replace the four existing shared systems and to introduce a five to seven year phase of expansion. The integration of all library functions, the provision of online access, and emphasis on resource sharing and a rational approach to library provision in London for the remainder of the century were the main objectives. A distributed network was planned to link all the diverse libraries of the University in a common system, affording online access to shared bibliographic and, where appropriate, shared borrower data. Considerable interest in the scheme was being shown by libraries both at home and abroad.
QUARTET: A COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH PROJECT IN DIGITAL INFORMATION INTERCHANGE
Authors: Tuck Bill
Published: February 2008

[The British Library Research and Development Department recently awarded its largest grant — £794,000 over 3 years — for a quadrapartite project to investigate a wide range of factors affecting the creation and exchange of electronic information. Technical, human and organisational aspects will all be considered. The following pages set out the background to the project and describe the main areas for research. Though it is not directly relevant to library housekeeping, the project will look at many of the issues which are beginning to interest librarians, particularly as they move towards greater networking of library services and information. Ed]
OCLC EUROPE — A STATUS REPORT
Authors: Buckle David
Published: February 2008

OCLC's international Objectives OCLC's international strategies are based upon its assessment of library needs both here and abroad, its experience to date abroad, its new system architecture, new technological developments, and its Charter which reads:
THE ECONOMIC MARKET PLACE
Authors: Blunden‐Ellis John
Published: February 2008

The major change in the library automation market place over recent years has been in the escalation of competition among suppliers. The key factors in this are: the approach of maturity in the existing large system market; the fixed nature of the existing market size; the low product differentiation; and the increase in customer critical awareness — buyer power in other words. Increasingly there is evidence of the merging of the objectives of previously quite disparate organisations, namely the traditional cooperatives and the turnkey/ commercial suppliers. This is accompanied by a growing lack of product differentiation as both types of organisation compete for the same pool of customers with products demonstrating a common range of fairly comprehensive but predictable facilities.
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY CIRCULATION CONTROL SYSTEM — CCS
Authors: Sendall CJ
Published: February 2008

Although the dominant trend in stand‐alone library systems is for libraries to buy in either turnkey systems or software packages from commercial suppliers, there is still in the university library sector a considerable amount of in‐house development. At the time of the LIB‐2 study last year, nearly one‐third of university libraries owning a dedicated minicomputer had developed or were developing software in‐house. This article describes one such system; it is of greater general interest than some because of the portability and availability of the software, which is, in fact, already being adapted for use by another university library ‐Ed
DOBIS CHOSEN BY OXFORD UNIVERSITY
Authors: Crawshaw Tom
Published: February 2008

The Pilot Project Over the past two years, the Libraries Board of the University of Oxford, England, has been conducting a Pilot Project for library automation in three faculty libraries, English, Modern Languages and Social Studies. The purpose of this project was to examine the benefits and problems of converting library procedures and facilities, such as the catalogue, to computerised methods, and to make a start on the large task of doing this for the rest of the University.
BRITISH LIBRARY'S COMMITMEMT TO CD‐ROM
Authors: McSean Tony
Published: February 2008

The British Library's commitment to CD‐ROM as outlined in this article has evolved out of three major areas of interest, reflecting the diverse role and interests of the Library. These are:
CATS at Newcastle University
Authors: Barber Stephanie , Harbord Elizabeth
Published: February 2008

Newcastle University Library has been using OCLC's LS/2000 for cataloguing and an OPAC since March 1985. To provide greater network access to the OPAC, it was decided in 1987 to use the CATS software (from Cambridge University Library) on the University mainframe (an Amdahl running MTS) to provide an alternative OPAC, networked round the campus and over JANET. This OPAC is part of the University Information Service. The CATS search program is written in FORTRAN 77 and provides public access searching of the catalogue by keywords taken from author, title and subject headings in the MARC record. (See VINE 63 and 47 for further details.) We have thereby gained the opportunity to compare two different systems running on the same database, and also a back‐up OPAC if LS/2000 is not available, for example during maintenance.
Book Data: a progress report
Authors: Martin David
Published: February 2008

In April this year, Book Data will celebrate its second anniversary. At the same time, the company has begun recently to make some exploratory approaches to the library world. This seems a good time for VINE to give a brief progress report.
Developments in URICA at the British Museum (Natural History)
Authors: Fisk Martin , Willsher Michael
Published: February 2008

The library of the British Museum (Natural History) [BM(NH)] is rightly regarded as one of the premier scientific libraries of the world. In its field it contains holdings of unpar‐alleled richness and depth, with a wealth of rare and original materials. The Department of Library Services (DLS) contains five specialist libraries ‐ Botany, Entomology, Zoology (including its subdepartment of Ornithology at the Zoological Museum, Tring), Palaeontology/Mineralogy and the General Library which contains multi‐disciplinary material. The specialist libraries themselves are responsible for sectional libraries each dealing with more specialised scientific applications, for example the Entomology Library has control over 22 sectional libraries, each under the day‐to‐day care of the research staff themselves, and situated in the scientists' own working area. Within these libraries DLS has holdings of some eight hundred thousand volumes; over twenty thousand serial titles (between nine and ten thousand current subscriptions); over seventy thousand maps; over 400,000 original watercolour drawings ‐ the third largest collection in the country.
Decision support system research at Leicester Polytechnic
Authors: Adams Roy
Published: February 2008

Leicester Polytechnic Library has recently completed a research programme for the British Library Research and Development Department into the application of office automation and decision support systems in particular to the library environment. Decision support systems (DSS) can seen as an extension of the idea of management information systems by providing a broader range of information in a more flexible and interactive way. There is a wide range of computer software claiming to offer decision support ranging from spread‐sheets at one end of the spectrum to knowledge based, or expert DSS programs, with proportional variations in cost. For this reason a definition of a DSS is difficult to establish but the major components of a system are generally considered to be:
Book Data 1990: a progress report
Authors: Martin David
Published: February 2008

This year Book Data reaches its third birthday. The past twelve months have seen steady growth in publisher support and in consolidating our position as a supplier of information services to the home and export book trade. The year ahead will see a series of new product launches in a variety of media.
Expenditure in British Public and Academic Libraries on Online Services
Authors: East Harry
Published: February 2008

Future historians, using the documentary evidence remaining, might well be excused for believing that online searching was a major activity in libraries and information services in the 1970s and 80s. The publication of several professional journals and the proceedings of regular, well‐attended conferences entirely devoted to the topic would suggest such a conclusion. In reality, the growth of online use in the publicly‐funded sector has been small, as can be judged by the relatively low levels of expenditure involved. For public libraries it has been estimated that spending on online services has been of the order of 0.1% of the total budgets. The average online expenditure of British universities has been about what it costs to employ one member of secretarial staff each.
UNIX — Where it came from and where it is going
Authors: Gethin Peter
Published: February 2008

UNIX is a word that is on everyone's lips, computer professionals and computer users alike. This is a personal view of the development of the UNIX operating system. The author has been working with UNIX as a computer professional since 1978. Since 1982 his work has been almost exclusively in Libraries and Information departments where he has seen the successful implementation of hundreds of library and information retrieval systems on computers with the UNIX operating system.
OPAC 2000:‐ An account of a one‐day seminar organised by The British Library Research & Development Department and the Library Association Information Technology Group on 21st November 1990
Authors: Feeney Mary
Published: February 2008

From Boolean operators to virtual reality…..
Circulation system development at Lancaster University Library: experiments with downsizing and fault tolerance
Authors: Richardson Ian S.
Published: February 2008

Downsizing is the concept of utilising low cost equipment (often IBM PCs or compatibles) for applications that previously required relatively large and expensive computers. At Lancaster University Library, we have, over the last few years, developed an “integrated” library system that has been purpose‐built for our requirements. We have used the Pick Operating System, and automated our systems, starting with Acquisitions and moving to Cataloguing, OPAC, and so on. Along the way, we have included inter‐library loans, slides, serials and other associated systems.
Microlinx: the Faxon Serials Management System
Authors: Shields Marion , Woodward Hazel
Published: February 2008

After several years of in‐house development to meet its needs for automated serials control, cuts in staff and resources led Loughborough University to look to commercially‐available packages to further its automation plans. The MicroLinx package from Faxon was selected. The functionality of the system is described, and an assessment of performance given. Loughborough will soon change to BLCMP as part of a wider automation strategy, not without some regrets.
INMAGIC at Ove Arup
Authors: White Simon
Published: February 2008

The library at Ove Arup rejected a database management system solution to their catalogue requirements in favour of a text retrieval package in the shape of INMAGIC. The reasons for the choice are outlined along with a description of the systems for which INMAGIC is used within the Partnership. In addition to system management procedures, some of the facilities offered by the software and some future developments are described.
The Times and The Sunday Times Compact Disc Edition
Authors: Gray Richard
Published: February 2008

The complete text and indexes for a full year's issues of both The Times and The Sunday Times can be stored on one compact disc enabling easy access to articles of interest. In addition there is sufficient space remaining to store images of integral photographs, diagrams, tables, etc. The article describes the project to make both newspapers available via the medium of CD‐ROM and outlines the main features of the system. A new product providing extracts from the full 200‐year history of The Times is announced and some possible future options considered.
The Barcoding of Academic and Learned Journals
Authors: Inger Simon
Published: February 2008

The automatic recording and exchange of serials data will become increasingly simplified as more subscription agents, library system suppliers, libraries and publishers make use of encrypted data embodied in barcodes appearing on journal issues. This article outlines the standards and data encryption and indicates some of the uses for the data.
Link into Hypertext
Authors: Wilson Eve
Published: February 2008

Hypertext is the computer storage of information as fragmented but linked multi‐dimensional documents. Such systems offer many advantages over the printed word, for example for group authorship of documents or to allow more creative access to the data, although there are some drawbacks. The design of chunky and creamy hypertext systems, the way in which information is presented to the end user and the relevant merits of the technique are discussed.
Serials Management with CAIRS at the Institution of Electrical Engineers
Authors: Jenkins Sally , Tomlinson Janet
Published: February 2008

In order to rationalise an assortment of automated systems, the IEE Library implemented the CAIRS LMS and IMS modules following extensive flowcharting of procedures and evaluation of available systems. The article concentrates on the implementation of the serials control module, describing the data conversion exercise and day‐to‐day operation of the system.
Circulation Functions Within OPAC: self‐issue and self‐renewal at Bradford University Library
Authors: Ketley Peter
Published: February 2008

This paper looks at the implementation of facilities for the issue and renewal of books by users, without the intervention of library staff, provided by McDonnell Douglas through the URICA library system at the request of Bradford University Library. Self‐renewal has proved a success, reducing queues and reducing pressure on staff; but the take‐up of self‐issue has been disappointing. Some of the problems of implementation, and their solutions, are discussed.
The Essex Problem! How Essex migrated from an offline to an online system
Authors: Whittaker Diane
Published: February 2008

Essex has one of the country's largest library systems with 92 libraries and issues running at over 18 million per annum. A system of this size was bound to represent a challenge to any system supplier. After a period of evaluation Essex chose Geac to supply a system to meet their needs. The article describes the selection and implementation of the system, some of the benefits which have accrued and the developments, both current and future.
Towards international book trade EDI standards
Authors: Green Brian
Published: February 2008

The need for EDI standards was highlighted at the ‘Babel’ conference as long ago as 1986. BIC was set up in 1991 to be responsible for their development and promotion. On the European front, it also provides the secretariat for EDItEUR, a pan‐European book sector EDI group which coordinates work in Europe on the UN global EDI standard, EDI FACT. The article ends with an appraisal of the benefits of EDI for all links in the chain.
First Edition's role in the beginnings of Electronic Data Interchange in the book trade
Authors: Hodder‐Williams Mark
Published: February 2008

First Edition was set up initially as a pilot scheme in 1992 and has very quickly become an important player in the UK EDI scene. The article describes the background to its establishment and outlines the services provided to subscribers.
The Czech Automated Library System
Authors: Ramajzlová Barbora
Published: February 2008

As a result of the lack of commercially available library packages in the Czech Republic, the Czech Technical University in Prague decided to develop their own system. This short article describes its functions and exemplifies the application at the CTU.
The use of electronic document delivery at INIST
Authors: Lupovici Christian
Published: February 2008

Despite its relative youth, INIST has rapidly become an important player in the document supply scene both in France and internationally. The article describes INIST's digitisation process, which commenced in 1990. The aim is to provide around 45% of total document delivery from the electronic store, although currently only half this figure is provided, for reasons outlined. The future of document delivery is considered: cooperation with publishers is needed for experimentation with ‘real’ electronic publishing.
The Lancaster University inter‐library loans management system: a user's view
Authors: Corp Rob
Published: February 2008

BBC Libraries and Archives have been using the Lancaster ILL System for four years. This article describes BBC interloans practices and how the automated system has been implemented. The main body of the text highlights features which have been particularly valuable for BBC requirements. Several perceived disadvantages are indicated and some expected (or perhaps hoped for) developments are listed.
JASON NRW: express ordering and delivery system of journal articles
Authors: Summann Friedrich
Published: February 2008

The JASON system allows access to a local bibliographic database including all journal holdings of the North‐Rhine Westphalia University libraries; users are then able to place direct orders for articles. Both traditional and electronic distribution methods are used so scanned articles can be delivered directly to the user's workstation.
INMAGIC Plus Inter‐Library Loans system at the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons
Authors: Harris Jenny , Storry Louise
Published: February 2008

The INMAGIC Plus Inter‐Library Loans system was launched in the UK in 1993 and the Wellcome Library at the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons became one of the first users of the package. The basic structure and functionality of the system are described, together with details of its implementation at the Wellcome Library.
The current development of SR and European participation
Authors: Holm Liv A
Published: February 2008

The SR and Z39.50 standards are currently developing in parallel. The article discusses reasons for this and some of the problems experienced by those responsible for development. There are a number of proposed amendments to SR, most of which are already included in Z39.50. One option is to fast‐track Z39.50 through ISO, so there would be just one standard. A summary of the new ONE project is presented and details of the new EFILA group are announced.
The British Library and Z39.50
Authors: Smith Neil , Ashton Jan
Published: February 2008

The British Library is currently progressing several projects involving Z39.50 and SR standards. The Network OPAC trial service is being extended for a further year and the user base broadened. Future applications of Z39.50 currently being investigated include access from Z39.50 clients developed by other suppliers; a ‘virtual’ database to cover all the Library's diverse catalogues; a national distributed bibliographic database.
Networking in public libraries: collaborative developments at LASER
Authors: Smith Peter
Published: February 2008

LASER is leading a number of different projects involving various forms of networking between public libraries. All the current collaborative projects are summarised, but the main part of the article is devoted to the major initiative, Project EARL The motivations for the project are outlined and the three tiers of planned services for EARL participants are described: Connect, Information and Developments.
CLIP update
Authors: Batt Chris
Published: February 2008

The Croydon Libraries Internet Project is providing customers with access to the Internet, firstly by using Internet resources to answer reference enquiries and secondly by allowing direct access to a controlled (and trained) user group. The main aim of the project is to benefit other public library authorities who are considering the introduction of Internet access, by assessing its value for public libraries.
Pointing to the future: how one community's experience can benefit the country
Authors: Andrew Geoff
Published: February 2008

The IT POINT project based at Chelmsley Wood Library is seeking to assess the use and the usefulness of a range of IT and networked services in a deprived outer‐city environment. Experiences gained will be applicable to similar communities elsewhere in the UK and should influence future planning of networked public library services. The Project is already planning enhancements to the current IT POINT services and activities, and is likely to include exploration of the delivery of training and education into homes via the Internet.