bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Possible Chemosensitizing Effect of Different Doses of Indol-3-Carbinol on Transplantable Tumor Model Treated with Doxorubicin
Authors: Adwas Almokhtar A. , Elkhoely Abeer A. , Kabel Ahmed M. , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed Nabih , Eissa Amany A.
Published: August 2016

Background: Ehrlich carcinoma is a transplantable tumor model used frequently in cancer studies. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the anthracyclines that is frequently used in treatment of various types of malignancies including breast, prostate and lung cancer. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a phytochemical that was suggested to have potent anti-tumor and chemosensitizing effects. Objective: To detect the possible chemosensitizing effects of different doses of I3C on solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) treated with DOX in mice. Materials and methods: One hundred and forty mice were divided into seven equal groups as follows: Control untreated group, solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC), SEC + DOX, SEC + I3C 1000 ppm, SEC + I3C 2000 ppm, SEC + DOX + I3C 1000 ppm and SEC + DOX + I3C 2000 ppm. Tumor volume, survival rate, tissue glutathione reductase (GR), tissue glutathione peroxidase (GPx), tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and tissue interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined. Parts of the tumor were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Results: DOX and/or I3C produced significant increase in the survival rate, tissue GPx and tissue GR with significant decrease in tumor volume, tissue TNF-α and tissue IL-6 compared to SEC group. Moreover, they improved the histopathological changes with significant increase in tissue caspase-3 activity and p53 compared to SEC group. These effects were significant in DOX/I3C combination groups compared to the use of each of these drugs alone. Conclusion: I3C-in a dose dependent manner - had a chemosensitizing effect against transplantable tumor model treated with DOX in mice and this might represent an adjuvant to the traditional drugs used in cancer chemotherapy.
An Evaluation of the Relative Distribution of Romanian Patients with Pancreatic Neoplasm
Authors: Timofte Daniel , Ionescu Lidia , Ochiuz Lacramioara
Published: August 2016

This study describes the specific features of the distribution of Romanian patients with pancreatic neoplasm. The analysis was made on 188 patients from Clinical Emergency Hospital “Sf. Spiridon, Iasi”, Romania, all with solid form of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the distribution by age, gender, tumor location in the pancreas or by the stages from the TNM system was analyzed and compared with other studies from other countries. Thus, in our sample the median age was 65 years old. In addition, 53% of the patients had rural origin and 47% urban origin. Also, regarding the pancreatic tumor location, by far the most frequent was the cephalic location (75%). Moreover, when we study the distribution by presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis, we observed that 62.1% are located in the liver and 21.2% into the peritoneum. In addition, when we staged the ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas according to the TNM (tumour grade, nodal status and metastases) system, where T1-T3 constitutes a resectable tumour and T4 indicates an unresectable tumour, we found that group T4 stage tumor predominated (63.8%), while in regards to the regional lymph nodes (e.g. N in TNM classification) we observed that in an overwhelming proportion Nx stage predominates (88.6%). Moreover, no distant metastasis was found in 63% of patients, by using M in TNM classification. In this way, a better understanding of the specific characteristics for the affected population could prove to be extremely important, especially considering the fact during the last decades the development of the surgical methods and techniques for this disorder had no significant impact on the survival rate.
Investigating the health-economic profiles of biomarker-driven immunosuppresion (BIO-DrIM) following solid organ transplantation
Authors: Weber Simon A , Pietzsch Malte , Bestard Oriol , Grinyo Josep M , Viklicky Ondrej , Reinke Petra
Published: August 2016

Immunosuppression (IS) following solid organ transplantation is indicated to avoid rejection but puts a sig-nificant burden on patients and healthcare systems due to life-long medication dependency and associated costs. Or-gan-tolerance with low or no IS medication has been observed, and might be forecasted with the help of appropriate biomarkers. Individualized treatments raise the question whether benefits of individualization outweigh the costs of stratification. This article outlines the importance of early economic evaluation in the context of biomarker-guided IS and discusses challenges that an economic evaluation should address, using the BIO-DrIM project as a reference exam-ple. We report on design aspects and health-economic study integration into several newly designed biomarker trials. In these studies, health-economic endpoints were defined to measure benefits of individualization and to compare them to the costs associated with stratification. Key economic outcomes to be collected are resource consumption and patient quality of life. Test accuracy of the biomarker-stratification is critical for the clinical success and the health-economic viability of an individualized reduced IS regime. However, IS regimes are not well standardized, rendering comparator choice difficult. The multi-national character of the trials adds further complexity that needs to be addressed. Develop-ers of biomarker tests should stress the importance of integrating health-economic evaluations early into prod-uct-development.
What makes a good biomarker?
Authors: Holland Robert L
Published: August 2016

The last decade has seen an extraordinary amount of effort devoted in biomedical research to the field of biomarkers. There have been some notable successes with novel markers being adopted into clinical practice bringing clear clinical benefit to some patients — particularly with the increasing numbers of medicines being approved with companion diagnostics. However, it is fair to say that there has not yet been the numbers of clinically valuable biomarkers brought to medical practice that the research effort would seem to warrant. This paper evaluates examples of successful biomarkers, markers which might be considered partial successes and a few problematic examples and ar-gues that more effort spent in the validation phase of marker development, and less in the discovery phase might be a more efficient way to allocate research resources.
Multiculturalism as a socio-cultural component of the sustainable development in Nigeria
Authors: Olagunju Kehinde , Alaverdyan Davit
Published: August 2016

The concept of sustainable development has no longer been defined from a strictly environmental perspective for quite a few years now. The scope of the problem has been enlarged to include its social dimensions, leading notably to a renewed focus on the topic of national social and cultural diversity. Social component of sustainability is focused on human rights, social inclusion, civic engagements and aimed at preserving the stability of social and cultural systems, which includes the reducing of tensions and conflicts between people, maintaining a peaceful coexistence and tolerance between different nations and ethnicity. In order to achieve those sustainable development aims, our modern society should establish a more efficient decision-making system taking into account cultural diversity and encourage pluralism. This study therefore argues that multiculturalism is an indispensable tool for national integration, sustainable cultural development and consequently influence all spheres of the state policy making in Nigeria.
A multikulturalitás matematikája, avagy a „szómágiától” a robot-szakértőkig
Authors: Pitlik László
Published: August 2016

A multikulturalitás önmagában is olyan kifejezés/jelenség, mely közvetlenül nem mérhető. Csak az emberi elme találékonyságának köszönheti létét minden hasonló szó. Vélelmezhetően az emberi nyelv több szóval dolgozik, mint amennyit a fogalom-alkotó mesterséges intelligenciák ugyanazon valóságélmény leképezéséhez szükségeltetnek. A robotizált modellalkotás az emberi intuíció segítségével menti át az emberi intuíció termékeit forráskódba, s teszi mindezt az operacionalizálás, az objektiválás és az optimalizálás (OOO) elveinek egyidejű alkalmazása mellett. A tanulmány minden egyes szekció/előadás tervezett címe alapján példaszerűen is demonstrálni kívánja a matematika és a „szómágia” kapcsolati formáit, ezek konkrét és elvi lehetőségeit.
Az interreg pályázatok, mint átvezető hidak a 2020 utáni időszakra?
Authors: Szilágyi Anna
Published: August 2016

A 2014-2020-as programozási időszakot követően a Strukturális és Beruházási Alapokból megszerezhető források mértéke jelentősen csökken majd, így a helyi önkormányzatok számára is a nemzetközi együttműködésben megvalósuló projektek kerülhetnek inkább előtérbe. Ezek tervezése és megvalósítása azonban más szemléletet és stratégiai szövetségeseket igényel. Minderre a mostani ciklusban, 2020-ig kell az önkormányzatoknak felkészülniük, amire az Interreg programok kínálnak kézenfekvő lehetőséget.
The reassessment of personal competencies in human resources management and in business-oriented higher education
Authors: Varga Erika , Boda Helga , Bárdos Kinga Ilona
Published: August 2016

The timeliness of our topic is proved by the fact that nowadays human resources play an indispensable part in the resource system of economic organizations. Our paper examines the personal competencies that play a vital role in corporate efficiency, competitiveness and success. Moreover, we also illustrate how this role has been changing in time. One of the objectives was to create and test a competency structure tailored to the Hungarian labour market situation.
Results assessment of sustainable rural development implementation : Case of the Stavropol Region
Authors: Tovkalenko Anna , Ivolga Anna
Published: August 2016

Sustainable rural development is regarded as one of the main priorities of modern social and economic development on international, national and regional levels. The article presents the research of social and economic spheres within the implementation of Federal Target Programmes of sustainable rural development, based on the example of the Stavropol Region. The major results of the current research are authors’ interpretation of regional sustainable development, overview of the state policy in the field of social and economic rural development and assessment of the results achieved.
Local development initiatives in the spatial economy
Authors: Nagy Henrietta
Published: August 2016

This chapter is about the concept of local economic development with focus on some Hungarian examples. We know that local economic development should be realized bottom-up, but sometimes the local population and local businesses face various difficulties while they intend to encourage local developments even if they know the strengths and weaknesses of the settlement/region the best. However, this paper attempts to introduce some concrete examples for local economic development from the Hungarian rural micro-regions, especially from the field of local currencies/complementary money. Such cases may serve as samples for other Central-Eastern-European regions where the bottom-up approach also represents a new direction in economic development strategies and the local population is committed to the development of local economy and society.
O sistemismo de Bunge como base teórico-metodológica para pesquisa em Ciência da Informação
Authors: Silva Luciana Mara , Vianna William Barbosa , Kern Vinícius Medina
Published: August 2016

O objetivo do estudo é aprofundar aspectos epistemológicos da Ciência da Informação (CI) a partir das contribuições do pensamento de Bunge. Justifica-se pela natureza interdisciplinar da CI e sua constante necessidade de interação com outras áreas de conhecimento. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico a partir da análise de conceitos da área de CI e a proposta sistemista de Bunge. O estudo é complementado com a aplicação dos fundamentos do sistemismo em pesquisas sistemistas, uma descritiva e outra explicativa, sobre repositórios institucionais de acesso aberto, exemplificando a condução de pesquisa sob a operação epistêmica fundamental do sistemismo: a redução ao sistema.
As publicações dos pesquisadores brasileiros da área da Saúde: a questão do acesso
Authors: Goulart da Silva Luiza Helena , Schwarz Rodrigues Rosângela , Bories Fachin Gleisy Regina
Published: August 2016

Esta pesquisa analisou a produção científica de pesquisadores brasileiros na área da Saúde. A metodologia é exploratória, descritiva e documental com avaliação predominantemente quantitativa. O corpus da pesquisa é composto por artigos publicados pelos pesquisadores, com bolsa de produtividade do CNPq, nos anos de 2010, 2011 e 2012. A amostra da pesquisa contempla 39 pesquisadores que estão vinculados a instituições em que os repositórios estejam registrados no ROAR e OPENDOAR. Os resultados mostram que os pesquisadores possuem um grande número de artigos publicados, principalmente em periódicos americanos e ingleses. Os artigos publicados em periódicos brasileiros se encontram em acesso aberto. Do total de 1.296 artigos publicados, 12% encontram-se nos repositórios das instituições pesquisadas.
O desempenho das universidades brasileiras em rankings internacionais
Authors: Santos Solange Maria , Noronha Daisy Pires
Published: August 2016

Em menos de dez anos, os rankings universitários mundiais tornaramse mais potentes e têm alcançado importância crescente, influenciando políticas, processos avaliativos, decisões de investimento e reestruturação institucional. Com isso, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o desempenho das universidades brasileiras em três dos principais rankings internacionais: ARWU; THE e QS. A análise revelou que as universidades brasileiras destacam-se por sua pontuação no indicador volume de publicações e em alguns casos também no indicador reputação entre acadêmicos e empregadores. Pontuações mais baixas foram obtidas nos indicadores que medem impacto por meio de publicações altamente citadas, indicador que costuma ter alto peso na maioria dos rankings. Conclui-se que apesar desses resultados é importante considerar que as classificações internacionais são, de modo geral, homogeneizadoras, de maneira que muitas particularidades, nuances e bolsões de excelência em áreas específicas não são capturados pelos rankings internacionais quando as instituições são avaliadas como um todo.
Sistema de prospecção de competências emergentes: uma proposta de modelo
Authors: Cardoso Filho Jair Cunha , De Araújo Júnior Rogério Henrique
Published: August 2016

A questão do emprego e desenvolvimento de competências emergentes apresentam-se como temas relevantes para a sociedade da informação e do conhecimento em uma economia globalizada e competitiva. Aborda-se o problema do apagão de mão de obra e as estratégias governamentais brasileiras e de organismos multilaterais de competências emergentes para mitigá-lo. Propõe-se, então, um modelo sistêmico de monitoramento ambiental para prospecção de competências emergentes, amparado nos paradigmas social e técnico-econômico da Ciência da Informação e baseado no monitoramento ambiental e na competência informacional. Portanto, além do conceito de competências emergentes, são abordados também os conceitos de competência informacional e monitoramento ambiental. Conclui-se, por fim, que tal modelo contribui para associar as ações de qualificação profissional aos esforços de desenvolvimento regional e de inclusão social, e que tanto o monitoramento ambiental de ambientes de negócio quanto a identificação de competências emergentes podem auxiliar na construção de estratégias organizacionais de longo prazo para o desenvolvimento do capital humano.
Regime de informação: abordagens conceituais e aplicações práticas
Authors: Bezerra Emy Pôrto , Silva Zayr Cláudio Gomes da , Guimarães Ítalo José Bastos , Souza Edivanio Duarte de
Published: August 2016

O regime de informação vem se desenvolvendo como um conceito importante no contexto da Ciência da Informação. Por meio de uma revisão de literatura sobre a ótica de quatro autores, Bernd Frohmann, Hamid Ekbia, Maria Nélida González de Gómez e Sandra Braman, busca-se discutir conceitos e aplicações de regime de informação na área. As aplicações desses conceitos são apresentadas em três espaços de informação distintos: o Laboratório de Tecnologias Intelectuais (LTi) da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa-solos) e o Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) de eletrônica localizado em Santa Rita do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais. O constructo de “regime de informação” se constitui através da gestão de políticas de informação em ações de informação, considerando diversos atores (sujeitos, tecnologias, poder, culturas). Embora se reconheça a diversidade das formações discursivas na Ciência da Informação, a efetivação de suas aplicações amplia as abordagens teórico-metodológicas hipotéticas de problemática da informação.
Descoberta de conhecimento a partir de informações não estruturadas por meio de técnicas de correlação e associação
Authors: Sérgio Marina Carradore , Da Silva Thales do Nascimento , Gonçalves Alexandre Leopoldo
Published: August 2016

O atual momento da tecnologia vem promovendo meios para o aumento exponencial no volume de informações disponíveis na internet ou em organizações. Considerando que grande parte desta informação encontra-se em formato textual, este fato representa um desafio para as áreas de coleta, armazenamento, recuperação e análise de informações visando à explicitação de conhecimento. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um modelo para Descoberta de Conhecimento com base nas técnicas de correlação e associação temporal a partir de grandes coleções de documentos. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados compreenderam uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, envolvendo artigos coletados da base de dados Science Direct® como uma ferramenta para a coleta e a análise dos dados. Através deste tipo de informação é possível extrair regras, padrões, tendências e redes, capazes de auxiliar no processo de tomada de decisão nas organizações a fim de gerar vantagem competitiva. Como principal contribuição destaca-se a proposição de um modelo voltado ao entendimento de aspectos temporais, considerando relacionamentos factuais (através de correlações) ou não (através de associação) entre termos de um domínio.
Epidemiology of Childhood Asthma in Fayoum City (District) Egypt
Authors: Esam Eldin Gad-El-Rab Ahmad  , Ashraf Sayed Kamel  , Sayed Ali Amin  , Alaa Eldin Hashem
Published: August 2016

Asthma is a major public health problem worldwide. There was a sharp increase in the global prevalence of asthma over the last two decades. Few studies evaluated asthma prevalence in Egypt. Determination of the prevalence of bronchial asthma among school children aged 6-12 years old in Fayoum city (distrect) and identification of the risk factors associated with asthma. A questionnaire-based study conducted in the period from Feb to April 2013. We used a modified written International Study of Asthma and Allergies in the (ISAAC) questionnaire (phase I) translated into Arabic language. We added questions dealing with risk factors of asthma. We distributed 2872 questionnaires in this study which was conducted on (10) primary schools included both rural and urban areas. The subjects of the study were selected by multistage random sample technique. Out of the 2872 questionnaires, only 1656 questionnaires were returned only 103 children fitted the diagnosis of asthma. The prevalence of asthma in Fayoum city (district) 6.3%. was noted in females, high socioeconomic states and small family size. The main risk factors were: the first and second birth order, overcrowding at homes, high socioeconomic status, and small family size. Respiratory tract infections, exercise, smoking, house dust mites, diet, animal and allergens were the main precipitating factors for asthmatic attacks. The prevalence of bronchial asthma among primary school children aged 6-12 years old in Fayoum district, conducted in the year 2013, was 6.3% and was equally distributed among rural and urban areas.
An investigation of the mobile phone use while driving among drivers: Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahamed Hamid H , Hafian Mobarak H
Published: August 2016

This study aimed to investigate the effects of mobile phone usage while driving. A sample of 882 drivers was surveyed to gather information on their mobile phone use while driving as well as their risk perception. The results show that 98.2% of the participants reported using their mobile phone for any purpose while driving (texting, calling, or answering).Although the rate of using mobile phone while driving is high for all residences, there were statistical significant differences in this behavior according to the nationality (98.6%for Saudi vs. 95.3%for non - Saudi).While there were no statistical significant differences according to age, education level, and driving experience. Practitioner Summary: The use of cell phones while driving is ubiquitous in Saudi Arabia despite legislation banning this behavior. Further laws and regulations that prohibit using mobile phone while driving should be adopted and distraction among road users such as pedestrians is potentially an important issue of future research.
Immunoglobulin G Deficiency-Associated Septic Arthritis Identified Following Corticosteroid Injection and Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Buckley Patrick S. , Kane Justin , Ciccotti Michael G.
Published: August 2016

Case:

We present the case of a patient who had worsening pain following intra-articular knee corticosteroid injection and who subsequently underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy with positive intraoperative cultures for Staphylococcus lugdunensis. He was treated with multiple irrigation and debridements, and subsequent work-up yielded a diagnosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG) deficiency. We believe that it is critical to maintain a high index of suspicion for underlying immune deficiency when faced with atypical presentations of infections or atypical bacteria in otherwise healthy patients.

Conclusion:

Knee arthroscopy for the treatment of meniscal tears is one of the most common procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons in the United States. Patients with an antibody deficiency may have a limited or reduced immune response when presented with a pathogen foreign to the body. This may place the patient at an increased risk of infection and should be addressed through referral to the appropriate subspecialists when recurrent or atypical infection presents to the orthopaedic surgeon.
POTENCY OF PREDATOR (Menochilus sexmaculatus) AUGMENTATION FOR WHITE FLY (Bemisia tabaci) MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON GEMINI VIRUS INFESTATION ON TOMATO
Authors: Setiawati W. , Gunaeni N. , Uhan T. S. , Hasyim A.
Published: August 2016

Bemisia tabaci (Gen.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most serious pests on tomato. It is mainly controlled by chemi-cal means, requiring some 25 sprays during the average growing season. The extensive and repeated use of insecticides has dis-rupted the natural balance between this pest and its natural enemies. In this study, Menochilus sexmaculatus F. was evalu-ated as a possible biological control agent of B. tabaci and its effect on Gemini virus infestation. The study was conducted at the experimental station of the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (IVeGRI) in Lembang, West Java (1,250 m above sea level) from August to December 2008. The experimental plots consisted of 0.35 ha of tomato (± 100 m2 per plot) and spatially separated with four rows of maize (a minimum of 1 m) inter-plot distance to prevent cross-contamination among plots. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized block design with eight treatments and four replications. M. sexmaculatus were released at 24 days after planting. The treatments were designed according dosages and schedules at three released populations (i.e. 10 predators per plot, 20 predators per plot, and 10 predators per plot at vegetative stage followed by 20 predators per plot at generative stage); two places of release (center and edge of the plot); and two schedules of release (weekly and biweekly). Efficacy of the predator was measured in terms of the density of B. tabaci, both before and after release of the predator and its effect on Gemini virus infestation. The result indicated the potential use of M. sexmaculatus to control B. tabaci and its effect on Gemini virus infestation on tomato. Reductions in B. tabaci populations and subsequent tomato yields were significant. B. tabaci population in plots receiving 10 predators showed 73.62% and 75.75% reductions by the end of experiment. The incidence and intensity of Gemini virus were consistently and significantly lowest and tomato yield gain was observed when 10 predators were released at weekly intervals. It is suggested that release of M. sexmaculatus against B. tabaci on tomato may be offered as an alternative solution to increase implementation of biologically-based B. tabaci management.
IMPACT OF BRACHIARIA, ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA, AND POTASSIUM ENRICHED RICE STRAW COMPOST ON ALUMINIUM, POTASSIUM AND STABILITY OF ACID SOIL AGGREGATES
Authors: Hafifa Bariot , Sabiham Supiandi , Anas Iswandi , Sutandi Atang Sutandi , Suyamto Suyamto
Published: August 2016

Acid soil is commonly grown with cassava, which in general, tolerate low soil  fertility and aluminum (Al) toxicity. However, without any improvement efforts such soil will become worse. Intercropping cassava with Brachiaria decumbens (BD) which adapts to acid soil and tolerates low fertility soils as well as application of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) and organic matters are among the important efforts to rehabilitate this soil. The experiment was conducted to  examine the impact of BD, AM, and potassium (K) enriched rice straw compost on exchangeable Al, available K, and stability of soil aggregates. Experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three factors and three replications. The first factor was BD as cassava intercropping, the second factor was AM, and the third factor was 2 t ha-1 rice straw compost enriched with 0 kg, 50 kg, 100 kg, and 200 kg KCl ha-1. Brick pots (1 m length x 1 m width x 0.45 m depth) filled with Kanhapludult soil was used for growing cassava in which row of BD was planted at 60 cm from cassava stem. K-enriched rice straw compost and AM (10 g per stem) were applied around cassava stem at 2 and 12 days after planting, respectively. BD was cut every 30 days and the cutting was returned to the soil. Soil exchangeable Al was analyzed at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months after planting (MAP), while Al and K contents as well as aggregate stability were measured at 6 MAP. The results showed that planting BD decreased 33% exchangeable Al, which means that the root exudates of this grass was effective in detoxifying Al3+. Treatment of BD and/or in combination with AM was effective in preserving K added to the soil, increasing total polysaccharides, and improving soil aggregate stability. This indicated that planting BD and applying AM and Kenriched rice straw compost improved acid soil fertility, and therefore can be recommended in cassava cultivation.
UNTAGGED MUTATION IN RICE GAL4/VP16 TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATOR FACILITATED-ENHANCER TRAP LINES
Authors: Koerniati Sri
Published: August 2016

An enhancer trap system is an insertional mutagenesis based upon gene expression, instead of gene knock-out, so its insertion in genome is  expected not linked to any dramatic changes in plant phenotypes. Gene  knock-out, leading to lossof- function (LoF) mutation, is a dominant  approach for rice functional genomic studies. The objective of this study was to find out whether Transcriptional Activator-Facilitated Enhancer Trap (TAFET) T-DNA insertion inducing mutant phenotypes in rice TAFET population. Materials used in this experiment were T1 generation of 270 rice TAFET lines. Eight plants of each were grown in the greenhouse and observed for any mutant phenotypes. Phenotypic, histochemical, Southern
blot analyses were carried out to define a mutant of pSKC66.1- 8e. Result showed that about 10% of the 270 lines produced chlorophyll-deficient  leaves, ranged from yellowish green (viridis), white stripe green zebra-like stripe) to completely white (albino). Albino plants died after two weeks,  whilst white stripe or viridis mutants became normal in the next generation
(T2). Another mutant was pSKC66.1-8e line which had floral dramatic phenotype change with various spikelet shapes and number of organs, and had a single twisted culm. The flower of mutant also had gus gene expression. Plants with wild type did not express gus gene and had six or more straight culms. Molecular, histochemical and phenotypic analyses of this particular line for three generations indicated that mutant phenotype was not due to the T-DNA insertion. Since there was approved that Tos17 is activated during tissue culture and induced mutant phenotype, this line might relate to Tos17 insertion, but it needs further investigation to gain such conclusion.
POTENTIAL USE OF AN EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME OF a-AMYLASE FROM INDIGENOUS INDONESIAN MESOPHILIC BACTERIA
Authors: Lestari Puji , Richana Nur , Masriani Rina
Published: August 2016

Amylase enzyme has a great significance for industrial usages in  Indonesia. However, this enzyme is still imported. The use of bacteria in biotechnological process of industrial products such as enzyme production has stimulated the exploration of extracellular amylase producing  bacteria. This study aimed to identify and analyze the potential use of amylolytic bacterial enzymes for hydrolyzing cassava starch. Two bacterial isolates, i.e. MII-10 and DKW-8 originated from Indonesia soil were identified based on their morphological, physiological and biochemical properties according to the standard protocol. The isolates were then  cultivated on fermentation medium and their growth pattern and  enzymatic assays were observed. The acetone-precipitated crude enzyme harvested based on predetermined cultivation time was used for  enzymatic hydrolysis product characterization on cassava starch using thin layer chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the mesophilic
bacteria isolates (MII-10 and DKW-8) were belonged to Bacillus licheniformis. The maximum bacterial cell growth and enzyme activity were reached at 48 hours after incubation. The MII-10 isolate was found more stable than DKW-8 in producing amylase enzyme. Amylase produced by the MII-10 and DKW- 8 isolates was identified to be an endo-a-amylase as confirmed by oligosaccharides and dextrin of the random hydrolysis
products. Relatively high dextrose equivalence (DE) value of a-amylase of MII-10 (DE of 9.96) suggests that the enzyme is prospective for  saccharification of starchy material in glucose syrup industry.
EFFECT OF FEEDING CORN DRIED DISTILLERS GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES (DDGS) ON MILK PRODUCTION OF COW UNDER HOT CLIMATE CONDITION
Authors: Tangendjaja Budi
Published: August 2016

Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) is a co-product of ethanol industry made from grains through fermentation process and it can be used for animal feeding especially for dairy cows. A feeding trial on US corn DDGS was conducted at commercial dairy farm in Vietnam during hot condition in 2010. One hundred and fifty six dairy cows in a later stage of milk production were allotted randomly in three groups of 52 cows with similar milk production. Three dietary treatments offered comprised control diet, diet with 7.5% DDGS and diet with 15% DDGS. The diets were formulated to contain similar nutrient profiles and comprised forages (corn, elephant grass and alfalfa hay), brewery waste, soybean curd waste, corn, soybean meal, molasses and commercial dairy supplement. The diet was manufactured locally in total mixed ration system and delivered two times per day. Milk production, feed consump-tion and milk quality were measured for 5 days before the trial and 45 days after the trial. The result demonstrated that feeding DDGS could support higher milk production without affecting feed consumption. Feeding DDGS at 7.5% and 15% resulted in higher milk production of 2 and 4 kg per day respectively compared to cows fed control diet. Feed intake remained unaffected at around 35 kg per day. Milk quality as measured by total solid and fat content was similar in cows fed the control diet and DDGS at 7.5%. Feeding DDGS at 15% tended to have slightly better total solid and fat content. Feeding DDGS was able to reduce cost of the diets; diet cost for control, DDGS 7.5% and DDGS 15% were VND 2537, 2460 and 2399 per kg, respectively. It is concluded that DDGS can be economically used for feeding dairy cows in hot climate condition and improving milk production.
PROCESSING OF SORGHUM FROM DIFFERENT VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS FOR SEMOLINA AND THEIR PRODUCTS
Authors: Chavan U.D. , Patil S.S. , Rao B. Dayakar , Patil J.V.
Published: August 2016

The present study was undertaken with the objective to standardise procedures for preparation of semolina (rava) from sorghum, to identify the best genotype for preparation of semolina and to study the nutritional quality parameters of semolina. For processing of sorghum, ten varieties and five hybrids were used for preparation of semolina and their products. A process has been standardized for semolina preparation using ultra grinding mill from sorghum grain. The semolina yield ranged from 46.51% to 54.29%. Hybrid CSH-15R gave the highest yield of semolina (54.29%). Starch content in semolina ranged from 59.93% to 66.43%. The new genotypes Phule Vasudha, Phule Yashoda and M 35-1 showed higher levels of starch content as compared to the other genotypes. The Phule Vasudha and Selection-3 showed higher levels of total soluble sugars in grains, as well as in semolina than the other genotypes. Phule Maulee gave higher level of crude fibre content (3.12%). The amino acid profile of sorghum grain and semolina showed very minor differences in the content due to the processing of sorghum grains into various products like semolina. The new genotypes of rabi sorghum showed comparable results for the mineral with that of hybrids. The organoleptic properties of the sweet (shira), upama and idali prepared from semolina were judged on the basis of colour, texture and appearance, flavour, taste and overall acceptability of the products using semi-trained judges and 1 to 9 hedonic scales. All products prepared from semolina were like very much and gave highest rating of more than 8 hedonic scales. While considering the yield of semolina from sorghum grains as well as their nutritional composition and organoleptic properties of the niche products (shira, upama, idali) prepared from them, the varieties Phule Vasudha and Phule Yashoda were the best one as compared to the other varieties and hybrids and overall varieties were better than the hybrids.
SPECIES AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF RHIZOBACTERIA OF RICE PLANT IN THE COASTAL SOILS OF INDONESIA
Authors: Susilowati Dwi Ningsih , Sudiana I Made , Mubarik N.R. , Suwanto A.
Published: August 2016

Rhizobacteria are important components of soil and directly or indirectly influence the soils quality and plant growth for maintaining adequate plant nutrition and reducing the negative environmental effects of fertilizers. Applying high dose of chemical fertilizers in most of rice fields in the coastal areas could reduce the quality of the soil in the long time. There are few studies addressed to verify the species and functional diversity of cultivable rhizobacteria associated with rice plant in the coastal soils. The objective of the study was to verify the species and functional diversity of rhizobacteria isolated from the coastal soils of two rice production areas of Subang and Indramayu, West Java. Special focus was given to verify phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, IAA and cellulase production of the selected 78 strains of rice rhizobacteria isolated from the coastal paddy field, as well as taxonomical analyses based on 16S rRNA. The results showed that among 78 bacterial isolates from the coastal paddy field, mostly were belonging to the Firmicutes, most of them affiliated with genera Bacillus, 75 strains produced IAA, 32 strains fixed nitrogen, 37 strains solubilized phosphate and 33 strains produced cellulase. Several strains of the rhizobacteria were capable of producing plant growth promoting substances (PGPR), alone or in combination, such as IAA, fixing nitrogen,  solubilizing phosphate, and producing cellulase. Taking all of these diverse PGPR characteristics into account, it is clear that the 78 identified isolates have great potential for improving saline soils of the coastal paddy fields in Indonesia.
Internal budget control
Authors: Shala MSc. Mervete
Published: August 2016

Internal control is established by the Government to ensure effective and proper operations of ministries, institutions and generally of all public agencies, in compliance with the law, the goals and objectives stated by them, to provide protection against abuse and mismanagement or poor governance.The instrument of internal audit entails a series of mechanisms which aim at enabling budgetary policies compliance, such as: financial reporting; effective system of communication between managers and staff; checks on accounting; control over processes and control over procurement.Generally, duties of internal control officers within ministries and institutions must be clearly divided to reduce the risk of inco-rrect behaviour. Operations of an efficient control mechanism influence and ensure conditions for rule of law, good governance, and democracy.
Own source revenues of Kosovo municipalities and their impact on effective services
Authors: Mustafa MSc. Bashkim , Ahmeti Dr.Sc. Skender , Fejza Mr.Sc. Ejup
Published: August 2016

Promotion of fair, efficient and not corrupted management of public finances from local government is crucial for functional democracy and it includes number of issues, institutions and methods.Fiscal transparency enables citizens to act as consumers by asking for high level of values toward the money they pay for taxes. Transparent operations also makes easier job to local government on offering these values. The New Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, which was en-forced on June 15 2008, has a special chapter regarding the local gover-nance where is precisely determined basic principles and objectives of local governance in Kosovo. Constitution declares that” basic unit of lo-cal governance in the Republic of Kosovo is municipality. Municipalities has a large scale of local governance and they encourage and ensure acti-ve participation of all citizens on the decision making process of munici-pal authorities (article 124.1). The Constitution in 11 paragraphs gua-rantee the right of citizens on local governance, the request that establi-shment, competences and municipal borders to be regulated by the law, the right of the municipality to get financing from central government, the rights of municipality on cooperation between municipalities and cross-border cooperation, administrative borders of review  of local activi-ties by the central government and also the obligations that municipa-lities has toward respecting the Constitution and the Law.Actual financial legislation for local government has extended the base for self municipal income which enables municipalities to increase their budgets.The aim of this study is to analyze the self income of Kosovo munici-palities and to show the impact of self income on service offering from municipal level to citizens
Effects of capital markets development on economic growth of Western Balkan countries
Authors: Nuhiu MSc. Artor , Hoti MSc. Arbër
Published: August 2016

Through this research paper we have tried to elaborate the issue whether capital market development is an alternative towards economic growth and economic prosperity of developing countries in general, the Western Balkan countries in particular. The focus of the paper is to study the effects of proper functioning of capital markets and their im-pact on increasing the level of savings, capital investments and in locating relevant resources for long-term financing of the economy. The research paper presents positive and negative arguments, linking the establishment and development of a capital market and its impact on economic development of developing countries, particularly Western Balkan countries.
Determinants and role of foreing direct investment in transition economies:with special look in FYR of Macedonia
Authors: Fetahu-Vehapi Dr.Sc. Merale , Spasenoska MSc. Irena
Published: August 2016

The aim of this paper is to provide clear insight about the determinants and role of FDI in transition country with particular reference in FYR of Macedonia. We are using a panel dataset for twenty seven - 27 transition countries over the period 1997 to 2009. Applying static and dynamic modeling, econometrics findings have driven as to dynamic models. Inthe same empirical investigations following variables have been tested: GDP of the host and source country, unit labour cost, trade inflation, legal environment, distance, dummy variables capturing the language, common border and colonizing effect. Empirical result confirms expectation of the chosen variables as well as the positive feedback effect of past FDI onto current FDI. While the negative and significant coefficient of distance indicates that FDI is determined by gravity factors, the positive relationship between FDI stock and unit labour cost is explained through the effect of the service sector on wages. In addition, countries having higher trading shares attract more FDI. Low inflation rate as well as efficient legal system should be taken as a good sign for attracting more FDI flows since it has a positive impact on foreign investors. Dummy for English language, which indicates countries where English language is official or widely spoken in that country, have less language difficulties and more FDI flows with FYR of Macedonia.At the same time, income level of the host country is found to be important determinant for foreign investors. Moreover, FDI role in FYR of Macedonia has been found as crucial in many aspects of country’s economic development and sustainability. Apart from accelerated growth, technical innovation and enterprise restructuring, FDI in this transition country gave considerable contribution to the financial potential improvement.
Corruption and Economic Development
Authors: Ahmeti Dr.Sc. Skender , Gjonbalaj BSc. Feste , Blyta BSc. Ejona , Lumezi BSc. Laura
Published: August 2016

There is no sustainable economic development without a functioning rule of law. Besides sustainable economic policies like low interest rates, low inflation, low budget deficit, reasonable taxes and economic freedom for business development, the necessary ones for country’s economic growth are functioning of state institutions, support and development of reforms as well as successful fight against corruption.Corruption is a phenomena often encountered and spread in countries that have problems with rule of law as well as with judiciary system. Corruption manifestation is inevitable in circumstances when state institutions are weak. The phenomena is especially problematic in countries that go through transition periods since these countries are often characterized as nonefficient in fighting this phenomena1 . Countries in transition continue to have the image of countries with high level of corruption, which causes serious crisis from local opinion and continuous demand from international community due to the unsuccessful fight against this malevolence.World Bank considers corruption as the biggest obstacle in the fight for poverty eradication, since it undermines the rule of law, weakens state institutions and most of all it affects the poor. Politically, it undermines democracy and good governance, economic equal growth and development, as well as people’s trust in state institutions.Lately, several anti-corruption laws have been adopted in Kosovo, but they have not been implemented in practice and were not sufficient in fight against corruption. Kosovo’s long lasting dream of integrating in European Union, necessarily demands to built and functionalize anti-corruptive measures with priority, as a fundamental precondition for EU pre-accession process
Terrorism as a form for endangering global security
Authors: Zejnullahu Mr.Sc. Veton
Published: August 2016

Defining, understanding but also fight against terrorism has taken a new shape after the attacks on the United States of America on September, 11 2001. Now terrorism has changed his view and enemies are not more specific certain countries but this is a global war and that in a certain moment the opponent may be one or more states of a specific region that directly threatening global security.In this paper we will elaborate what the international community has undertaken to coordinate actions to stop terrorism starting from military, police, intelligence cooperation and to the prevention of funding terrorist organizations through various acts within the global organization or even regional ones such as the UN and the EU and in each country separately for the single purpose of eliminating the threat fromterrorism.
Lifelong learning and the need of designing and implementing an educational subsystem in Macedonian companies
Authors: Mitreva Dr.Sc. Elizabeta
Published: August 2016

The education of the employees in each instance of company comes wiith the purpose to gain competences and experience in order to realize every business process in accordance with the requests of the products/ services, legal obligation and competitiveness criteria, as well as with the appointing of the employees requests, and all that with the intention to achieve quality where it is necessary to involve everyone in their own field.In this paper the following inputs are being given in order to get a clear picture if Macedonian companies are keen on to learning and stimulating the individual and collective learning as to improve the results in general.According to the given results in the research, it is stated that Macedonian companies do not care about the quality, insufficiently pay attention to the continuous education, make small investments in the innovations and over all, the quality system is built in a very small number of companies.In this paper the following model for a successful designing and implementing of the educational system as a subsystem of the house of quality is suggested. This methodology is integral and universal meaning it is applicable to all companies and institutions.Without a given training about TQM (Total Quality Management) philosophy and a continued education provided firstly to the managers and further on to all the employees, the TQM strategy could not be implemented as well as the benefits that come with the quality system.All the above is imposing a stronger systematic effort where the bases lay in: strong leadership (new style of the top management, realistically grounded market vision, politics and strategy and systematic orientation and business moral that will gain back the confidence between the management and the employees), staff participation (efficiency and cooperativeness in the teamwork that will not stifle the creativity and the individualism).