bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAMILIA JUNTO AL INTERÉS SUPERIOR DEL NIÑO EN MÉXICO
Authors: Samario Hernández Oscar
Published: November 2020

A decir de algunos doctrinarios el concepto jurídico del Interés Superior del Niño es un concepto jurídico indeterminado, en este artículo se analiza este término desde una perspectiva socio – jurídica, argumentando en todo momento que la sociedad debe involucrarse en el cuidado de la niñez, en los entornos sociales que están fuertemente enlazados de la sociedad para con la familia, para poder comprender el sentido que la comunidad internacional le ha dado al concepto de niño, menor de edad y familia, de esta manera los tratados internacionales firmados por México y ratificados por el senado generan en el Orden Jurídico Nacional un abanico de normas jurídicas que emanan del texto constitucional para proteger, educar y respaldar los Derechos que le otorga y reconoce la supremacía constitucional a la par de los tratados internacionales a la niñez mexicana.
Utilization of Peatlands Based on Local Wisdom and Community Welfare in Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Syahza Almasdi , Suwondo  , Bakce Djaimi , Nasrul Besri , Mustofa Riyadi
Published: November 2020

The majority of regions in Riau Province are coastal areas and many communities live on land that is dominated by peat. Peat ecosystems have unique characteristics, as they are classified as wetland areas, while also possessing regions of terrestrial land. Poor maintenance of these ecosystems can cause a variety of issues such as forest fires, drought, flooding, biodiversity loss, increasing emissions, climate change, and social community changes. The purpose of this paper is to formulate a model of peatland utilization based on local wisdom and community welfare, in an effort to support the sustainable management of peat ecosystems in Riau Province. The main commodities of the coastal community are agriculture, coconut, rubber, oil palm, sago, coffee, cocoa, areca nut. Therefore, an understanding of the use of peatlands is needed. This is to prevent damage to the peatland ecosystem, maintain biodiversity, store carbon, produce oxygen, and manage water. Policies and strategies for managing the peat ecosystem are carried out through the development of socio-economic and community culture to realize people's welfare based on local wisdom. The management and use of peatlands have contributed to the economy, even as the main source of livelihood for coastal communities. Utilization of peatlands based on local wisdom can maintain a sustainable peat ecosystem.
Awareness of Basic Life Support & Advanced Life Support among Students in a Medical College in Kerala
Authors: R Sunil , V.K Praseetha
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND The knowledge and skills in Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is an essential part in the medical education. Resuscitation skills have undergone series of evolution into current protocol which involves Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). We wanted to assess the awareness of Basic Life Support among medical students, nursing students and house surgeons in a Government Medical College in Kerala. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted by assessing responses to 24 selected basic questions regarding BLS and ACLS among the students. After excluding the incomplete response forms the data from 500 responders was analysed. Results were analysed using an answer key prepared with the use of the Advanced Cardiac Life Support manual of AHA (2015). RESULTS Out of 500 responders, 250 were medical students, 100 were nursing students and 150 were House Surgeons. No one among them had complete knowledge of BLS & ACLS. Awareness of BLS & ACLS among students of medical, and nursing colleges and doctors is poor. Regarding knowledge of BLS (9 questions) the analysis of results showed that mean percentage of correct responses were 75.67 % of house surgeons, 51.78 % of nursing students and 20.98 % of medical students. CONCLUSIONS Awareness of BLS among students of medical, and nursing colleges and house surgeons is inadequate. Proper training programs must be initiated to rectify this. KEYWORDS BLS & ACLS Awareness, Medical Students, CPR Questionnaire
Molecular Gene Expression of Toll-Like Receptors 4 & 10 in Cellular Subsets of Human Peripheral Blood among Patients with Prostatitis: Conventional, Real Time Pcr and DNA Sequencing Techniques
Authors: AlSaimary1 Ihsan , Aldhaheri Hussein , ALMusafer2 Murtadha
Published: November 2020

The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of  Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected , The molecular expression study include extracting DNA from blood of Prostatitis patients , Prostitis patients and Control group by using specific primers for conventional PCR and Real Time PCR , the amplification of all extracted DNA from blood samples was preform and confirm by using electrophoresis with (100volt/30min).  The amplification of all extracted DNA from blood samples was preform and confirm by using electrophoresis with (100volt/30min) , the result of this estimation revealed that the amplified DNA(PCR product) was 227bp for TLR4 on agarose gel (1%) , (50voltage for 1hour ) with a presence 100% ,  (PCR product) was 279bp for TLR10 on agarose gel(1%) , (50volt/1hour) with a presence 80%. The results of the present study indicate that the Toll like receptor alleles associated with risk of prostatitis.
“Study of Etiology of Acute Scrotum and Its Management”
Authors: Potey Ketika , Bangar Ashish Shahurao , Kandi Anita , Jadhav Sarojini
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Acute Scrotum is an emergency with vast number of differential diagnoses with potential to have short and long term complications. Low salvage rates are often secondary to misdiagnosis and delayed presentation. Late presentation remains the greatest cause of orchiectomy.Many studies had been conducted, on whether every patient of acute scrotum should be explored or not on solely clinical grounds.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to study the etiology, age incidence, the differential diagnosis and complications in patients with acute scrotum.

Methods: The present prospective observational study was carried out at a tertiary care centre from August 2015 to November 2017 amongst 102 patients diagnosed and admitted for acute scrotum.  

Results: Out of 102 patients acute scrotum majority 74 (72.54%) had epididymitis and/or orchitis, 6 (5.88%) testicular torsion, 20(18.6%) pyocoele. In final diagnosis, we got 20 patients of pyocoele but only 17 patients were diagnosed clinically, while 3 patients were earlier diagnosed as epididymo-orchitis. Out of 6 patients of testicular torsion, in 3 patients we were able to save testis and bilateral orchiopexy was done. Out of 20 patients of pyocoele, 3 patients were complication of epididymo-orchitis and 2 of testicular torsion. In 8 patients with gangrenous testis orchiectomy was performed.

Conclusion: Overlap exists between testicular torsion and other conditions of acute scrotum in the younger population. The clinical manifestations, physical examination findings, and laboratory test results are helpful in distinguishing the etiology; however, ultrasonography and color Doppler help in the diagnosis and immediate treatment for testicular torsion.
Avaliação de métodos de estimativa de vazão máxima para dimensionamento de bueiros
Authors: Schlickmann Ronei De Lima , Back Álvaro José
Published: November 2020

Para determinação da vazão de cheia numa bacia hidrográfica se faz necessário um estudo minucioso com base em metodologias de estimativa da vazão máxima. Neste estudo foram comparados diferentes métodos de estimativa de vazão máxima para quatro pontos de um projeto de rodovia. Os dados necessários para a realização deste artigo foram obtidos do Projeto Básico e Executivo de Engenharia para Implantação de Pavimentação da Rodovia BR-285, em Timbé do Sul/SC, utilizando dados pluviométricos de quatro projetos de bueiros. As metodologias utilizadas foram os métodos Racional, Racional Corrigido, I-Pai-Wu, Ven Te Chow e McMath. Para o tempo de concentração utilizou-se as formulas de Kirpich, Ven Te Chow, Picking, Kerby-Hathaway e DNOS. Os resultados evidenciaram que o método Racional tende a apresentar valores de vazão maiores para as bacias com áreas superiores a 2 km². O método Ven Te Chow se mostrou muito sensível ao parâmetro CN, e os altos valores de vazão obtidos possivelmente indicam um inadequado coeficiente CN atribuído as bacias. Os métodos Racional modificado, I-Pai-Wu e McMath apresentam valores semelhantes, sendo que o método McMath pela simplicidade da estimava e facilidade de obtenção dos parâmetros mostrou-se adequado para todas as condições estudadas
AVALIAÇÃO DA TÉCNICA DE SOLARIZAÇÃO ATRAVÉS DO MONITORAMENTO DO PERFIL DE TEMPERATURAS DO SOLO
Authors: Muniz Paola Machado , Friedrich Thalía Lopes , Cassol Fabiano
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a técnica de solarização aplicado no município de Cerro Largo/RS, através do monitoramento do perfil de temperaturas do solo e da obtenção de correlações para determinar a temperatura do solo em função da temperatura do ar. A solarização foi aplicada em uma unidade experimental de 4 m² de área. Para o monitoramento das temperaturas, efetuado tanto no terreno não solarizado quanto no local de aplicação da técnica, foram utilizados 8 termopares do tipo K conectados a um registrador de dados FieldLogger. O estudo analisou as temperaturas da superfície do solo e das profundidades 0,10 m, 0,25 m e 0,40 m, por um período de trinta e três dias. Correlações foram obtidas a partir do método de regressão linear, no qual foi ajustado uma reta para os dados amostrais e analisado o coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R²) para cada caso. Obteve-se a temperatura máxima de 33,34 ºC na superfície do solo que não recebeu o tratamento, e 36,72 ºC na superfície do solo solarizado. O coeficiente de determinação para a área que não recebeu solarização variou entre 0,50 e 0,61, enquanto que para o solo solarizado, o R² variou entre 0,36 e 0,63.
A Semi-lattice of Four-valued Literal-paraconsistent-paracomplete Logics
Authors: Tomova Natalya
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we consider the class of four-valued literal-paraconsistent-paracomplete logics constructed by combination of isomorphs of classical logic CPC. These logics form a 10-element upper semi-lattice with respect to the functional embeddinig one logic into another. The mechanism of variation of paraconsistency and paracompleteness properties in logics is demonstrated on the example of two four-element lattices included in the upper semi-lattice. Functional properties and sets of tautologies of corresponding literal-paraconsistent-paracomplete matrices are investigated. Among the considered matrices there are the matrix of Puga and da Costa's logic V and the matrix of paranormal logic P1I1, which is the part of a sequence of paranormal matrices proposed by V. Fernández.
Kształtowanie przestrzeni rekreacyjnej Szczecina w działaniach podejmowanych przez władze miasta
Authors: Sawińska Agnieszka
Published: November 2020

Artykuł ma charakter empiryczny i prezentuje część badań prowadzonych w latach 2012–2017 w ramach projektu badawczego „Aktywność turystyczna i rekreacyjna mieszkańców na przykładzie Szczecina”. Rozważania stanowią ocenę działań podejmowanych przez władze miasta w zakresie kształtowania przestrzeni rekreacyjnej miasta, w kontekście zdiagnozowanych potrzeb i uwarunkowań. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że wydatki miasta władz związane z kulturą fizyczną, turystyką i rekreacją systematycznie rosną, co wiąże się z podejmowaniem nowych projektów w zakresie rozwoju rekreacji. Świadczy to o dużym znaczeniu rekreacyjnego zagospodarowania miasta dla kompleksowo rozumianej jakości życia w mieście. Dodatkowym aspektem prowadzonych inwestycji w Szczecinie jest zmiana orientacji przestrzennej miasta i przywrócenie obszarom nadrzecznym ich rekreacyjnej funkcji. Ponadto stwierdzono, że prowadzone działania i projekty pozostają w ścisłej korelacji ze zdiagnozowanymi oczekiwaniami mieszkańców i turystów.
Przemiany demograficzne w gminach miejskich i wiejskich powiatu opoczyńskiego w latach 1995–2018
Authors: Jasion Angelika
Published: November 2020

Głównym celem artykułu była identyfikacja zmian demograficznych w gminach miejskich i wiejskich powiatu opoczyńskiego w latach 1995–2018. Przeanalizowane zostały przemiany liczby ludności z uwzględnieniem przyrostu naturalnego i salda migracji za pomocą typologii Webba, zmiany w strukturze wieku i płci ludności, co ukazało zjawisko starzenia się społeczeństwa. W wyniku przeprowadzonych analiz stwierdzono, że powiat opoczyński ulega głównie negatywnym procesom demograficznym. Sytuacja demograficzna inaczej wygląda na wsiach i w miastach oraz w poszczególnych gminach powiatu opoczyńskiego. Skonstatowano też, że uwidoczniły się problemy depopulacji miast i obszarów peryferyjnych, ale także nastąpił rozwój strefy podmiejskiej Opoczna.
Inserção da ACV no processo de projeto de edificações: avaliação de alternativas e ferramentas computacionais para a prática de mercado
Authors: Caldas Lucas , Carvalho Michele , Toledo Filho Romildo
Published: November 2020

A Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) tem sido muito difundida no meio acadêmico e em alguns setores industriais, inclusive na indústria da Arquitetura, Engenharia e Construção (AEC). Nessa ótica, ela pode ser vista como uma nova disciplina da prática projetual, mas ainda com necessidade de ser adaptada ao processo de projeto típico do mercado. Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de traçar diretrizes para a difusão da ACV para a prática de mercado. Primeiramente, realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica para a identificação de diferentes ferramentas computacionais e os processos realizados na literatura. Posteriormente, foi realizada avaliação dos custos das licenças com os fornecedores do mercado. Verificou-se que as fases iniciais projeto são as mais adequadas para a inserção da ACV no processo. Quando os custos são avaliados percebeu-se que o caminho mais viável tende a se dar com uso de ferramentas de forma integrada ao BIM, de preferência com o uso de plugins. A presente pesquisa traz como principal contribuição o fato de ser mais orientada à prática profissional na indústria da AEC, fortalecendo assim a maior difusão da ACV, e, consequentemente, uma melhor gestão dos impactos ambientais no ciclo de vida de edificações.
Diamond's are a Girl's Best Friend ...and a Great Data Collection Tool
Authors: Dunn Rachel
Published: November 2020

This article explores an innovative and visual data collection tool: The Diamond. The Diamond allows for participants to rank specified items or statements and place them onto a Diamond shape. It can measure various descriptors, such as importance, with the most important item at the top and the least at the bottom. This allows for the researcher to see the overarching relationships between the different items of statements. Participants are asked to discuss the reasoning behind the placements, which provides a qualitative element to a quantitative data set. This article is intended to be a practical guide as how to use the Diamond and analyse the results, discussing the practicalities of it and other potential uses. The examples used throughout are from researched which used the Diamond, namely in clinical legal education and youth justice studies.
Uncertainty in fertility intentions from a life course perspective: Which life course markers matter?
Authors: Kuhnt Anne-Kristin , Minkus Lara , Buhr Petra
Published: November 2020

Objective: The aim of this study is to extend our knowledge about uncertainty in fertility intentions from a life course perspective. We want to find out if life course markers such as economic circumstances, relationship status, family size, and the so-called “biological clock” (getting older) influence uncertainty in fertility intentions. Uncertainty in fertility intentions is the state in which individuals are not sure whether they will have (more) children.

Background: Determining what drives uncertainty in fertility intentions may lead to a better understanding of fertility decision-making and its outcomes.

Method: We use German panel data (German Family Panel, pairfam) for three birth cohorts (1971-73, 1981-83, 1991-93), and employ multinomial fixed-effects logit models as well as bivariate analyses based on waves 1 to 11.

Results: Uncertainty in fertility intentions is volatile across an individual’s life course, serving as a transitional phase between certainly intending and not intending to have any (more) children. Approaching the end of the reproductive life span (getting older), separating from a partner, having two or more children, and, for men, subjective economic fears increase the odds of being uncertain.

Conclusion: By showing that uncertainty in fertility intentions is a volatile concept and that relevant life course markers shape this volatility, we provide new insights into the process of fertility decision-making.
Felicidade em gif
Authors: Souza Joana Dourado França de , Couto Edvaldo Souza
Published: November 2020

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa e teve como objetivo discutir usos e interações de perfis de jovens no Instagram por meio de publicações de GIFs na função Stories, recurso para compartilhamento de fotos e vídeos com duração de 24 horas na memória do aplicativo. O principal argumento é que esse grupo de jovens usufrui de saberes, de pedagogias que circulam nas mídias sociais digitais para performar a felicidade experimentada e/ou inventada no Instagram Stories. A fundamentação teórica considerou estudos nos campos das pedagogias culturais, da cibercultura aplicada à educação, notadamente, os estudos relacionados às redes sociais digitais e a era da mobilidade. O método utilizado foi o da pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e analítica, de cunho netnográfico. O artigo conclui que os jovens estudados performam as experiências de felicidade vividas por meio de GIFs no Instagram Stories e, desta forma, trazem à tona pedagogias que constituem a funcionalidade e a rede social em questão.
Cultura, saberes y disciplinas escolares en Iberoamérica
Authors: Alvarez Gallego Alejandro , Rios Beltrán Rafael , Martínez Velasco Miguel Ángel
Published: November 2020

Desde inicios de la década de 1990, en el contexto iberoamericano es posible reconocer una serie de investigaciones en torno a la enseñanza. Debe anotarse que la aparición de esa preocupación por la enseñanza como objeto de estudio coincide con dos hitos que han sido claves para la historiografía de la educación: por un lado, la publicación de los monográficos 295 y 296 de la Revista de Educación del Ministerio de Educación de España, que pusieron a disposición del público un conjunto de herramientas para el estudio de las materias escolares como asunto central para comprender las relaciones entre escuela y cultura (Viñao, 2006). En particular, sobresalen los trabajos sobre historia de las disciplinas escolares (Chervel, 1991) e historia del currículo (Goodson, 1991). Del otro lado, dos años después de esos monográficos, en la conferencia de clausura de la decimoquinta ISCHE en Lisboa, Portugal, Dominique Julia (2001) planteaba un conjunto de aspectos en torno al estudio histórico de la cultura escolar, en la que se hacía eco de aspectos también indicados en los monográficos.
método analítico en los estudios superiores
Authors: Cerquera Cuellar Martha Yaneth
Published: November 2020

El problema del método en los estudios superiores de la Nueva Granada, hoy Colombia, ha sido una búsqueda constante de los catedráticos y planes de estudio con relación a la enseñanza de la nueva ciencia. Hacia finales del siglo XVIII y principios del siglo XIX se vivía aún la tensión entre el método de Goudin (escolástico) y el método sintético-analítico de José Félix de Restrepo en la enseñanza de la física, y en particular en la enseñanza de la luz; cada uno de estos métodos establecía criterios para determinar la verdad de las cosas, era la apuesta por la verdad en dar a conocer las formas del proceder de la ciencia. Pero, las limitantes al método de Restrepo no se hicieron esperar, uno de sus discípulos como fue Francisco José de Caldas en 1810 era conocedor del método analítico en los estudios superiores a través del texto de René Just Haüy para la enseñanza de la física. Haüy propone en su libro el método analítico como el camino fructífero para la misma física en la construcción de sus teorías y leyes a través de la experimentación y, por tanto, la vía a seguir en la enseñanza; en otras palabras, Haüy hace del análisis el principal medio de enseñanza. A la postre, el método analítico o de invención es institucionalizado en el Plan de Santander de 1826 para los estudios superiores a comienzos de la república.
Os Kambeba, a escola e seus significados
Authors: Neto de Oliveira Fonseca Kácia , Valle Neto Jaspe , Augusta Cerqueira de Medeiros Weigel Valeria
Published: November 2020

A Educação Escolar Indígena se constitui em um processo de enfrentamento dos grupos étnicos em vivenciar, dentro das aldeias, um modelo de escola diferenciada dos padrões não indígenas. Essa luta se torna possível com a promulgação da Constituição Federal de 1988, que destina um artigo para lhes possibilitar a apropriação dessa reivindicação. A escola entre os Kambeba da Terra Indígena da Barreira da Missão, Comunidade Betel Tefé (AM), foi incorporada e vivenciada pela comunidade a partir desse período. Diante disso, esse texto traz como objetivo central analisar como os Kambeba da Comunidade Betel Tefé (AM) percebem a função da Escola Municipal Rural Indígena Padre Augusto Cabrolié no fortalecimento cultural e identitário do grupo étnico. O caminhar metodológico utilizou o método hermenêutico-dialético, pela possibilidade de discutir os dados, percebendo os enfrentamentos e tensões intrínsecos desse processo. Os resultados nos mostraram que esse grupo de Kambeba percebe a escola como elo que fortalece a comunidade, sendo o lugar onde o resgate das crenças, das tradições e dos costumes está sendo desenvolvido pelos professores nas salas de aula, e o aluno Kambeba tem se apropriado de elementos singulares da cultura e construído novos significados que são necessários para o fortalecimento identitário. As conclusões evidenciam que a escola que um dia foi palco para homogeneização e negação das diferenças étnicas é, atualmente, o lugar de novaspossibilidades, pois procura atender às expectativas e aos anseios do grupo, culminando para o fortalecimento da cultura do povo Kambeba.
Competitive Education in the Third Century: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Rozanova N.
Published: November 2020

The 21st century competition has proved to become an educational rivalry. International leader and competitive champion will be the nation that will catch the new global trends in contemporary education and adequately modernize its training of personnel system. The article is aimed at demonstrating the newest tendencies in education sphere that have arisen in the latest years. The review of the empirical investigations, statistical data and theoretical concepts can forecast future development of education models under globalization and digitalization. The latest decades have demonstrated radical changes in labor market all over the world. The participation rate of low educated employees has significantly declined. The majority of labor force now have education (bachelor/master degree). The gap in wages between low- and higher-educated workers has also risen. What factors can explain the education premium? The viewpoints of Gary Beсker and Michael Spence are nowadays far from adequately explaining the education-related bonus dynamics. In a global digitalized economy the benefits from education lie mostly in public good nature of learning. Value of education is considered to be not only in economic terms (like productivity and income) but also in terms of its major contribution to social, political, religious and cultural life of the society. Education transforms personal tastes, values and preferences towards healthier and more ecologically friendly alternatives. As education, especially higher education, is becoming a kind of a merit good for all, new roles for a teacher have occurred. The educator now is not a monopolistic provider of information. Rather, he is a consultant and a tutor in a system of relationships where students are treated as equal partners in the educational process. Can online education fully substitute class learning? Empirical data does not provide evidence for giving a positive answer. The existence of peer effect means that effective education advances can be achieved only under personal (offline) interactions between peer students and teachers. Competitive education nowadays represents a special model of social relationships. It is not just a contact of a student with an object, whether the latter be virtual or real. Basically, it is a dialogue between two parts with equal rights, a teacher and a student, and its inner intensity depends on personal communication face-to-face.
Russia: “Late-Take Off Society” in the Whirlwind of World Politics
Authors: Volodin A.
Published: November 2020

Russia is regarded as a “late take-off” society (other participants in this “cohort” – Germany, Japan, Italy), the modernization of which was guided from above, by the state and its agencies, indirectly reflecting the lack of alternative, spontaneous modernization option. The author, while exploring the phenomenon of modern Russian society in the unity of historical, economic, sociocultural and political forms of existence, tries to identify the similarities as well as differences between the domestic society, on the one hand, and the “classical” West, that is Northwest Europe, on the other. The comparison demonstrates: Russia is the most complex organism among the “late take-off” societies, in the modernization of which the state has played and continues to play a pivotal role in its various historical and political forms and manifestations. The paper outlines the main stages of the “guided” transformation of Russian society. Fundamental to the modernization of Russia were: Peter and Catherine’s societal transformations, the first industrial revolution in the country (1850–1890s), emergence of the “organized capitalism” system in Germany, Japan, and later in the USA, the October Revolution, World War II, Soviet-American bipolarity. The accelerated transition of Russia from rural to industrial society was accompanied by deformations (deviations from the West European “standard”), return movements (“counter-reforms”), and impediments to reception of representative institutions and practices by the masses. External pressure reinforced the tendency of state domination over society, which subsequently transformed into paternalistic behavior patterns. Migration flows were not accompanied by social and professional diversification of Russian society. From now on, the logic of the accelerated development of Russia was shaped by competition with the West that was undergoing the industrial revolution. This competition endangered the homeostatic equilibrium of traditional society. The World War I revealed the peripheral, subordinate position of Russia in the international system. The most radical approach to regaining a major power status in world politics was proposed by the Bolshevik Party, who led the October Revolution of 1917. The Communist model has become instrumental of advancing transformation of traditional/rural society into a modern, urban one. Subsequently, the exhaustion of the communist model’s internal resources gave rise to a painful search for a new modernization and development paradigm. Currently, Russia’s existential task is to accelerate the pace of economic growth, help society enter the trajectory of sustainable development and, consequentially, participate in the world system on the basis of “strategic autonomy” that is unconditional sovereignty.
Reflections on the Great Transformation in Turbulence
Authors: Gadzhiev K.
Published: November 2020

The present article attempts to identify and analyze the complex of those large-scale and profound shifts that have taken place in the most important spheres of public life on a global scale over the past three to four decades (late 20th – early 21st century). Based on the analysis of these and other related trends and processes, it is concluded that the modern world has entered a qualitatively new stage in its development, its radical transformation. The meaning and purpose of this transformation consist in reassessing all the values of democracy, human rights and freedoms, their systemic characteristics, place and role in a modern rapidly changing world, reshaping the paradigm foundations of world outlook, world order and life organization of the modern world. The main focus is on those tectonic shifts that have occurred in the basic infrastructures of the modern world in the last three to four decades in the context of globalization and the information and telecommunication revolution. It has been shown that the revolutions generated by these shifts in the most important spheres of social life erode the very foundations of the modern Western civilization. Thus, the thesis is substantiated that we are witnessing a deep existential change, which is possibly surpassing in its consequences the transition from paganism to new world religions, or the so-called “Great Transformation” – the transition from the Middle Ages to a rationalistic capitalist civilization of the Euro-Atlantic world. These tectonic transformations are viewed through the prism of the axial time theory, the essence of which is to reappraise all the values that have prevailed in the Western capitalist industrial civilization up to the present day. The information and telecommunication revolution has created the conditions for the onset of the twilight of the liberal/unipolar world order and for the formation of foundations of a new polycentric world order.
Contribution of Pressure to the Energy-Momentum Density in a Moving Perfect Fluid -- a Physical Perspective
Authors: Singal Ashok
Published: November 2020

In the energy-momentum density expressions for a relativistic perfect fluid with a bulk motion, one comes across a couple of pressure-dependent terms, which though well known, are to an extent, lacking in their conceptual basis and the ensuing physical interpretation. In the expression for the energy density, the rest mass density along with the kinetic energy density of the fluid constituents due to their random motion, which contributes to the pressure as well, are already included. However, in a fluid with a bulk motion, there are, in addition, a couple of explicit, pressure-dependent terms in the energy-momentum densities, whose presence to an extent, is shrouded in mystery, especially from a physical perspective. We show here that one such pressure-dependent term appearing in the energy density, represents the work done by the fluid pressure against the Lorentz contraction during transition from the rest frame of the fluid to another frame in which the fluid has a bulk motion. This applies equally to the electromagnetic energy density of electrically charged systems in motion and explains in a natural manner an apparently paradoxical result that the field energy of a charged capacitor system decreases with an increase in the system velocity. The momentum density includes another pressure-dependent term, that represents an energy flow across the system, due to the opposite signs of work being done by pressure on two opposite sides of the moving fluid. From Maxwell's stress tensor we demonstrate that in the expression for electromagnetic momentum of an electric charged particle, it is the presence of a similar pressure term, arising from electrical self-repulsion forces in the charged sphere, that yields a natural explanation for the famous, more than a century old, 4/3 factor in the electromagnetic mass.
Prevalence and Correlates of Heavy Episodic Alcohol Consumption Among Adults in Ecuador: Results of the First National STEPS Survey in 2018
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl
Published: November 2020

The study aimed to assess the prevalence and correlates of heavy episodic drinking (HED) among adults in Ecuador. In the national cross-sectional 2018 Ecuador STEPS survey, 4,638 persons (median age=39 years, range 18-69 years) responded to a questionnaire, physical measures, and biomedical tests. Results indicate that 24.1% had past month HED, 36.7% among men, and 12.0% of women; 40.6% past month HED among past 12-month drinkers. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, male sex (Adjusted Odds Ratio=AOR: 3.12, 95% Confidence Interval=CI: 2.50-3.89), past smoking (AOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.09-1.76), and current smoking (AOR: 2.83, 95% CI: 2.15-3.83) were positively and persons aged 50-69 years (AOR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.38-0.66) and having underweight (AOR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09-0.89) were negatively associated with HED. In addition, in sex-stratified analyses, among men, being African Ecuadorean or Mulato (AOR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.10-2.91), and high physical activity (AOR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.01-1.99) were positively associated with HED, and among women, being Montubia (AOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.17-0.93) was negatively and obesity (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.44) was positively associated with HED. Almost one in four participants engaged in HED, and several sociodemographic and health indicators were identified that may facilitate public health interventions for reducing HED.
Translation and Research on Confucianism of Sinologists in T’oung Pao since the 20th Century
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Tian Chuanmao
Published: November 2020

The paper studies the articles on Confucianism which have been published in the column of “Articles de Fond” in T’oung Pao, a famous international Sinology journal, since the 20th century. The paper aims to sort out and comment on the translation and introduction of Confucian works and ideas in T’oung Pao, especially various versions of Confucian classics. And by summarizing the different characteristics of Confucianism-related research in the perspectives and contents in different historical periods, it discusses the intercultural communication media of Confucianism, aiming to further explore how to continue to promote the international communication of Chinese culture under the background of the “going out” strategy of Chinese culture. The findings are as follows: one is that the high-quality Sinology journals represented by T’oung Pao are an important form of media for overseas Confucianism communication. At the same time, it is an important topic for researchers engaged in cross-cultural work in the new era to seek the organic combination of traditional and contemporary media; the other is that we can make full use of the online network platform to promote some Sinology journals and articles on Confucianism published in them, and actively seek a new path and carrier of intercultural communication.
Characterization, mRNA expression and nutritional regulation of a Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase-like gene by dietary DHA levels of Perinereis aibuhitensis (Gube, 1878)
Authors: Lv Fu , Nie Qing , Jiang Fengjuan , Yu Yebing , Liu Fei , Lv Linlan , Zhao Weihong
Published: November 2020

The Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase (Δ6 Fad) enzyme plays an important role in the pathways for the biosynthesis of the highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) by converting linoleic (LA, 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic (LNA, 18:3n-3) acids to 18:3n-6 and 18:4n-3, respectively. In the present study, a Δ6 Fad-like gene was cloned and its characterisation, tissue expression and nutritional regulation by dietary DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) levels were analysed in the clamworm Perinereis aibuhitensis. The full-length cDNA was 1535 bp including a 1335 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 444 amino acids, a 113 bp 50’-UTR and an 87 bp 3’-UTR with a poly (A) tail. Sequence comparison revealed that the predicted protein shared higher homologies with Δ6 Fad from Apostichopus japonicus with 56% identify. The tissue distribution of P. aibuhitensis Δ6 Fad-like mRNA was found predominantly in intestine, followed by head, esophagus, stomach and other tissues. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the Δ6 Fad-like transcriptional levels in intestine gradually decreased with increased content of dietary DHA.
Ecopath modelling approach for the impact assessment of a small-scale coastal aquaculture system in Goa, India
Authors: Manju Lekshmi N. , Sreekanth G. B. , Singh Narendra Pratap , Vennila A. , Ratheesh Kumar R. , Pandey P K
Published: November 2020

In this study, the ecological impacts of introduction of cage aquaculture employing small cages integrating shellfish and finfish in coastal water bodies of Goa, situated in the west coast of India were analysed using Ecopath with Ecosim model. A multispecies cage aquaculture system incorporating Lutjanus argentimaculatus, Etroplus suratensis and Perna viridis was established in an estuarine ecosystem. The Ecopath model identified 12 functional groups starting from detritus (trophic level=1) to large benthic carnivores (trophic level=3.72). The ecosystem statistics such as total system throughput (8672 g m-2 year-1), gross efficiency (0.001), primary production/respiration (1.4), net system production (1028.2 g m-2 year-1) and system omnivory index (0.26) indicated that the ecosystem was highly productive and in a developing stage. With a medium rate of recycling (Finn’s Cycling Index=11.7%), high system throughput, high system overhead (79%) and moderate omnivory index (0.26), the food web was found to be immature having an organized trophic network with high production. Simulations of the various expanding scenarios for the cage culture within the ecosystem were explored using Ecosim. A scenario in which two cages each for pearlspot and red snapper and 20 mussel ropes was identified as a sustainable solution without sacrificing the threshold biomass for the functional groups of fish species [WU1] . The study provided useful insights and methodology towards assessing aquaculture in coastal ecosystems in terms of ecosystem structure and function.
Advancement in spawning period of Labeo dyocheilus (McClelland, 1839) in the mid Himalayan regions by hormonal manipulation using Ovatide
Authors: Singh Raghvendra , Pandey N. N. , Gupta Monika , Singh A. K.
Published: November 2020

An attempt was made to advance the spawning period of Labeo dyocheilus (McClelland, 1839) by pretreatment with the synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue, Ovatide. Total 12 females and 24 males (1: 2 ratio) were used for breeding operations conducted during 30th May to 30th June 2016 comprising six sets. Female fishes of set I to IV were pretreated with intramuscular injection of the ovatide at the rate 0.3 ml kg-1 body weight twice at an interval of two weeks while males were injected @ 0.1 ml kg-1 body weight once before 15 days of induced breeding trial for achieving advance maturity and spawning during pre-spawning phase. Fishes of set V and VI were not subjected to any pretreatment with ovatide. On 30th of June all the six breeding sets were were treated with ovatide for induced spawning. Female and males were injected at 0.7 ml kg-1 and 0.3 ml kg-1 of body weight, respectively and left overnight in FRP tanks for spawning. Results indicated that in sets I to IV, fishes successfully spawned and fertilised eggs were collected in morning hours whereas fishes of set V and VI failed to spawn. Fertilisation and survival rates recorded were 79-82% and 67-71%, respectively. Results indicated that treatment of ovatide during prespawning phase is beneficial for advancing the gonadal maturity, successful induced spawning and prolonging the breeding period which may play a key role in production of substantial quantity of seed of L. dyocheilus.
Insights on diet dynamics of Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816)
Authors: Ganga U , Radhakrishnan C. K.
Published: November 2020

The diet of Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) is reported based on the gut content analysis of specimens collected along the central Kerala coast, India. The study indicated ontogenetic variations in diet with diet breadth being highest in the largest size class of >231 mm total length (TL). Copepods followed by diatoms were the preferred food items. Detritus was an important diet component, especially during the pre-monsoon season and in the larger (>231 mm TL) size groups. The Preponderal Index (Ip) indicated seasonal differences in proportions of the various prey consumed. Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient indicated similar diet quality during monsoon (June-September) and post-monsoon (October-January) seasons; but significant differences as compared to pre-monsoon season (February-May). Based on the results of the study, Indian mackerel was classified as an opportunistic feeder with a diet component that broadly reflects its seasonal-spatial habitats and local food availability.
Optimization of Polymer Flooding in a Heterogeneous Reservoir Considering Geological and History Matching Uncertainties
Authors: Ibiam Emmanuel , Geiger Sebastian , Demyanov Vasily , Arnold Daniel
Published: November 2020

Polymer flooding offers the potential to recover more oil from reservoirs but requires significant investments, which necessitate a robust analysis of economic upsides and downsides. Key uncertainties in designing a polymer flood are often reservoir geology and polymer degradation. The objective of this study is to understand the impact of geological uncertainties and history matching techniques on designing the optimal strategy for, and quantifying the economic risks of, polymer flooding in a heterogeneous clastic reservoir.

We applied two different history matching techniques (adjoint-based and a stochastic algorithm) to match data from a prolonged waterflood in the Watt Field, a semisynthetic reservoir that contains a wide range of geological and interpretational uncertainties. Next, sensitivity studies were carried out to identify first-order parameters that impact the net present value (NPV). These parameters were then deployed in an experimental design study using Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) to generate training runs from which a proxy model was created using polynomial regression. A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was employed to optimize the NPV for the polymer flood. The same approach was used to optimize a standard waterflood for comparison. Optimizations of the polymer flood and waterflood were performed for the history-matched model ensemble and the original ensemble.

The optimal strategy to deploy the polymer flood and maximize NPV varies based on the history matching technique. The average NPV and the variance are predicted to be higher in the stochastic history matching compared to the adjoint technique. This difference is due to the ability of the stochastic algorithm to explore the parameter space more broadly, which created situations in which the oil in place is shifted upward, resulting in a higher NPV. Optimizing a history-matched ensemble leads to a narrow range in absolute NPV compared to optimizing the original ensemble. This difference is because the uncertainties associated with polymer degradation are not captured during history matching. The result of cross comparison, in which an optimal polymer design strategy for one ensemble member is deployed to the other ensemble members, predicted a decline in NPV but surprisingly still showed that the overall NPV is higher than for an optimized waterflood, even for suboptimal polymer injection strategies. This observation indicates that a polymer flood could be beneficial compared to a waterflood, even if geological uncertainties are not captured properly.
Technical De-Risking of in-Situ Residual Oil Saturation Change Through Single Well Tracer Test Pilot in Malaysian Offshore Field
Authors: Abdul Manap Arif Azhan
Published: November 2020

Field A is located offshore Malaysia, identified as the candidate for a pilot project to evaluate the effectiveness of alkali-surfactant (AS) slug to improve recovery factor through the reduction of residual oil saturation. The pilot project utilized single well chemical tracer test technique (SWCTT) to measure residual oil saturation (Sor) change near well bore. The pilot results could be used to evaluate the potential of this technology in a larger scope application later.

The pilot project faced challenging technical and operational obstacles: offshore location, high reservoir temperature, sea water as injection water, water softening facilities requirement, unmanned satellite platform with limited space, no on-site laboratory - just to list a few. In addition, stringent health, safety and environment (HSE) requirements needed to be complied to ensure the pilot operation was carried out in a safe and orderly manner. This paper will focus on the overall pilot design, planning and some results.
Case Study: Troubleshooting Centrifugal Compressor Trips Caused by High Vibration on Drive End Journal Bearing
Authors: Manikandan Arumugampillai , Anwar Zeeshan
Published: November 2020

Why can even the most reliable turbomachinery get tripped up? In some cases, it's all about bad vibrations--literally. This paper explores the challenges one site had with repeated centrifugal compressor trips caused by high vibration over a period of 25 days. It outlines the troubleshooting attempts made to remedy this issue, it's root cause, and the resulting solution.

This issue occurred at a site with a train configuration of gas turbine driven centrifugal compressors. After 48 hours of its first startup, the machine tripped due to high vibration at the compressor drive end. Initial attempts to fix the problem included checking the vibration probe gap voltage setting, as well as swapping vibrations probes. After these tasks were completed, the site again attempted to run the machine. 48 hours later, it tripped again. During this time, the vibration gradually increased, staying above the alarm of 50 microns and tripping at 70 microns. The trip setting was increased to 75 microns, but after restarting, the unit continued to trip due to high vibrations.

All components were removed and thoroughly examined. Clearances were measured per the standard checklist. The condition of the couplings was found to be normal. The journal bearing pads had minor scratches. The thrust bearing pads were not affected by the failure. Alignment readings were found to be normal. However, residual unbalance was found on the rotor.

This residual unbalance was found to be the root cause of the tripping issue. The journal bearing clearances were thus adjusted from 0.17 mm to 0.13 mm. It was also advised to perform high speed balancing checks in the manufacturer's facility. The lube oil inlet pressure was adjusted to meet the requirements for the new bearing clearance.

Adjusting the bearing clearance, along with the adjustments in lube oil inlet pressure, resulted in improved vibration readings. This case study provides the detailed analysis of the root cause of the frequent trips as well as the process that was followed to fix the problem.