bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Dehidrasi Dengan Komplikasi Kejang Pada Pasien Diare Usia 0-5 Tahun Di RSD Idaman Banjarbaru
Authors: Wibowo Doni , Hardiyanti Hardiyanti , Subhan Subhan
Published: January 2020

Latar Belakang :Diare merupakan salah satu masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat yang menjadi penyebab tingginya angka kematian pada balita di Indonesia. Dehidrasi merupakan komplikasi dari kejadian diare yang disebabkan karena tubuh mengalami kehilangan cairan 40-50 ml/kg berat badan. Gangguan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit akan menyebabkan perubahan konsentrasi ion di ruang ekstraseluler sehingga terjadi ketidakseimbangan potensial membrane ATP ASE, difusi Na+, K+ kedalam sel, depolarisasi neuron dan lepas muatan listrik dengan cepat melalui neurotransmitter sehingga timbul kejang.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara dehidrasi dengan komplikasi kejang pada pasien diare usia 0-5 tahun di RSD Idaman Banjarbaru.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasi, dengan metode spearmen rank. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 23 dengan teknik accidental sampling.Hasil: Terdapat hubungan antara dehidrasi dengan komplikasi kejang pada pasien diare usia 0-5 tahun di RSD Idaman Banjarbaru, dengan nilai p value sebesar 0,001 lebih kecil dari 0,05 yang berarti memiliki hubungan yang kuat. Responden yang mengalami komplikasi kejang sebanyak 73,9 %, responden yang mengalami dehidrasi sebanyak 87,0 %, dan terdapat hubungan antara dehidrasi dengan komplikasi kejang pada pasien diare usia 0 – 5 tahun di RSD Idaman Banjarbaru.Kata Kunci: Dehidrasi, Kejang, Diare The Correlation between Dehydration and Complications of Seizures in Diarrhea Patients Age 0-5 Years in Idaman Hospital BanjarbaruBackground: Diarrhea is one of the main problems of public health which is the cause of the high mortality rate in children under five in Indonesia. Dehydration is a complication of diarrhea caused by the body experiencing fluid loss of 40-50 ml/kg body weight. Disorders of fluid and electrolyte balance will cause changes in ion concentration in the extracellular space causing the membrane potential imbalance of ATP ASE, the diffusion of Na +, K + into cells, depolarization of neurons and release of electrical charges rapidly through neurotransmitters resulting in seizures. Aim: Knowing the relationship between dehydration and seizure complications in patients aged 0-5 years in Idaman Idar Banjarbaru Hospital. Method: This type of research is correlation research, with the Spearman rank method. The number of samples in this study were 23 with accidental sampling technique. Result: There is a correlation between dehydration and seizure complications in patients aged 0-5 years with diarrhea at Idaman Banjarbaru Hospital, with a p value of 0.001 smaller than 0.05 which means having a strong correlation. Respondents who experienced seizure complications were 73.9% and experienced dehydrated were 87.0%, therefore, there is a correlation between dehydration and seizure complications in diarrhea patients aged 0-5 years in Idaman Hospital Banjarbaru.Keywords: Dehydration, Seizures, Diarrhea
Validitas dan Reliabilitas The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire versi Bahasa Indonesia pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Indrayana Sofyan , Fang Su-Ying
Published: January 2020

Latar Belakang: Persepsi penyakit adalah konsep dasar dari model akal sehat regulasi kesehatan dan perawatan diri. Persepsi penyakit merupakan salah satu prediktor dari perilaku kesehatan penderita penyakit kronis. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) adalah salah satu instrumen yang sering digunakan untuk mengukur persepsi penyakit di Indonesia. Namun, informasi tentang validitas dan reliabilitas B-IPQ versi Bahasa Indonesia pada populasi diabetes mellitus (DM) masih belum jelas.Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur validitas dan reliabilitas B-IPQ versi Bahasa Indonesia pada populasi diabetes mellitus.Metode: Validitas diukur dengan menggunakan indeks validitas isi (CVI) yang dinilai oleh satu dokter spesialis penyakit dalam dan satu perawat. Reliabilitas tes-retest dilakukan pada 10 orang penderita DM dalam waktu dua minggu. Reliabilitas alpha Cronbach dilakukan pada 200 orang penderita DM.Hasil: CVI dari B-IPQ versi Bahasa Indonesia adalah 1. Sementara itu, hasil reliabilitas test-retest adalah r = 0,83 sampai dengan 1 dan reliabilitas alpha Cronbach adalah 0,74.Simpulan: Versi Bahasa Indonesia dari B-IPQ disimpulkan valid dan memiliki reliabilitas yang baik pada reliabilitas tes-retest maupun reliabilitas alpha Cronbach. Kata kunci: validitas, reliabilitas, B-IPQ, illness perception.Background: Illness perception is the central concept of the common-sense model of health and illness self-regulatory. Illness perception has been found as one of the predictors of health behavior among people with chronic diseases. The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) is one of instruments that used to measure illness perception in Indonesia. However, information about the validity and reliability of Bahasa Indonesia version of the B-IPQ for diabetes population is still unclear.Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure the validity and the reliability of the B-IPQ Bahasa Indonesia version in diabetes mellitus (DM) population.Methods: The validity was measured by using the content validity index (CVI) which rated by one internist physician and one nurse. Test-retest reliability was performed on 10 people with DM within two weeks. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability performed on 200 people with DM.Result: The CVI of the Bahasa Indonesia version of B-IPQ was 1. Meanwhile, the test-retest was r = 0.83 to 1 and the Cronbach’s alpha reliability was 0.74.Conclusion: The Bahasa Indonesia version of B-IPQ was valid and considered have good reliability either for test-retest reliability or Cronbach’s alpha reliability.Key Words: validity, reliability, B-IPQ, illness Perception.
Peran Suami Sebagai Educator Pada Pasutri Dalam Melakukan Deteksi Dini Kanker Leher Rahim
Authors: Yulita Chrisdianti , Ashari Any , Herawati Lucky
Published: January 2020

Latar Belakang: Masalah kesehatan perempuan masih menjadi tugas bagi pemerintah dan tenaga kesehatan, terkait tingginya AKI yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh kanker leher rahim. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencegah kanker leher rahim yaitu dengan melakukan deteksi dini. Dengan memberikan informasi melalui pendidikan kesehatan pada pasutri untuk memotivasi melakukan deteksi dini.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian menganalisis peran suami penderita kanker leher rahim sebagai educator terhadap pengetahuan dan keikutsertaan pasutri dalam melakukan deteksi dini di Puskesmas Karangmojo II dan Semanu I Gunungkidul.Metode: Metode penelitian yaitu Quasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest and posttest with control group desain. Pemilihan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling sebanyak 42 pasutri untuk kelompok intervensi dan 42 responden untuk kelompok kontrol. Pendidikan kesehatan sebagai intervensi dilakukan oleh suami penderita kanker leher rahim sebagai educator menggunakan buku saku dan kader menggunakan leaflet. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t-test, chi square, regresi linier, dan binary logistik dengan taraf siginifan α=0,05.Hasil: Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan pengetahuan dan keikutsertaan pada kelompok intervensi lebih besar dibandingkan kelompok kontrol setelah diberikan intervensi (p=0,000). Usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan, penghasilan keluarga, dan informasi sebelumnya tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pengetahuan dan keikutsertaan.Simpulan: Kesimpulannya pendidikan kesehatan efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keikutsertaan pasutri dalam melakukan deteksi diniKata Kunci : Deteksi dini, educator, keikutsertaan pasutri, suami, kanker leher rahim
Pengaruh Jalan Kaki Terhadap Kadar Gula Darah Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe II
Authors: Yurida Yurida , Huzaifah Zaqyyah
Published: January 2020

Latar Belakang: Diabetes merupakan penyakit yang jumlah penderitanya semakin bertambah dan merupakan ancaman serius bagi pembangunan kesehatan nasional. Salah satu jenis latihan fisik yang direkomendasikan untuk penderita diabetes melitus tipe II adalah jalan kaki.Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh jalan kaki terhadap kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe II.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah pra eksprimen dengan pendekatan one group pre and posttest design menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Analisa data melalui uji T Dependen kepada 15 orang responden.Hasil: Rata-rata kadar gula darah sebelum jalan kaki adalah sebesar 238,2 mg/dl sedangkan sesudah jalan kaki rata-rata kadar gula darah sebesar 203,4 mg/dl. Ada pengaruh jalan kaki terhadap kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe II (p value = 0,000).Kesimpulan: Perawat diharapkan dapat memberikan pendidikan kesehatan mengenai pengaruh jalan kaki terhadap penurunan kadar gula darah pasien DM tipe II. Background: Diabetes is a disease that the number of sufferers is increasing and is a serious threat to national health development. One type of physical exercise recommended for client with type II diabetes mellitus is walking. Objective: This research is to analyze the effect of walking on blood sugar levels in client with diabetes mellitus type II.Method: The research design is pre-experiment with one group pre and posttest design approach and purposive sampling technique. Data analysis through Dependent T test to 15 people.Result: Clients with type II diabetes mellitus before walking had an average blood sugar level of 238.2 mg/dl while after walking on average blood sugar levels of 203.4 mg/dl. There is influence of walking to blood sugar level of type II diabetes mellitus clients (p value = 0,000).Conclusion: The nurse is expected to give health education about the effect of walking to decrease blood sugar level of DM type II.  Keywords: Walking , Blood sugar level, Diabetes mellitus type II
Pengaruh Terapi Zikir Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Pasien Pre Operasi Sectio Caesarea Di RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin
Authors: Noor Syufian
Published: January 2020

Latar belakang: Sectio Caesarea yaitu salah satu tindakan operasi untuk mengeluarkan bayi dengan melakukan insisi atau pemotongan pada kulit, otot perut, serta rahim ibu. Tindakan operasi sectio caesarea dengan berbagai komplikasi dapat menimbulkan kecemasan pada pasien. Intervensi keperawatan dalam upaya menurunkan tingkat kecemasan secara non-farmakologi yaitu melalui terapi zikir.Tujuan: untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi zikir terhadap tingkat kecemasan pasien pre operasi sectio caesarea Di RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin 2018.Metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan rancangan quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan one grup pra-post test design tanpa kelompok kontrol. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 35 pasien pre operasi sectio caesarea di Ruang Nifas dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling menggunakan uji paired sample t-tes. Hasil: hasil analisis uji paired sample t-tes didapatkan p value = 0,000 ≤ 0,05 sehingga dapat ditarik kesimpulan ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara terapi zikir terhadap tingkat kecemasan pasien pre operasi sectio caesarea di RSUD Dr. H. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin 2018.Simpulan: bagi pasien yang akan menjalani persalinan melalui operasi sectio caesarea terapi zikir dengan kalimat tasbih, tahmid dan takbir masing - masing 33x dibaca  berulang selama 10 menit dapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasan. Kata kunci: Terapi zikir, tingkat kecemasan, pasien pre operasi sectio caesarea Background:    sectio Caesarea    is one of the surgical actions to remove the baby by doing incision or cutting on the skin, abdominal muscles, and mother's womb. The action of Sectio Caesarea   operations with various complications can cause anxiety in patients. Nursing intervention in the effort to lower the level of non-pharmacological anxiety through zikr therapy.Purpose:  To determine the effect of remembrance therapy on the anxiety level of patients pre-operative  sectio Caesarea    at Dr. H. Moch Hospital. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin 2018.Method: PEnelitian is quantitative research using the design of the quasi experiment  with  one group pre-post test design     approach without control group. The sample in this study amounted to 35 patients pre-operative  sectio Caesarea      in the Nifas room with sampling techniques  being purposive sampling  Using Test  paired sample T-Tests.Results: Hacyl test Analysis  paired sample T-tes    obtained  p value  = 0.000 ≤ 0.05 so that it can be concluded there is a significant influence between the therapy of remembrance of the anxiety level of patients pre-operative  sectio Caesarea      di Rsud Dr. h. Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin 2018.Conclusion: patients who will undergo childbirth through the operation of Sectio Caesarea    zikr therapy with sentence Tasbih, Tahmid and Takbeer respectively 33x read repeatedly for 10 minutes can lower the level of anxiety. Keywords: dhikr therapy, anxiety level, patient pre operativeectio Caesarea
A Review of Current and Potential Applications of Remote Sensing to Study the Water Status of Horticultural Crops
Authors: Gautam Deepak , Pagay Vinay
Published: January 2020

With increasingly advanced remote sensing systems, more accurate retrievals of crop water status are being made at the individual crop level to aid in precision irrigation. This paper summarises the use of remote sensing for the estimation of water status in horticultural crops. The remote measurements of the water potential, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, canopy 3D structure, and vigour for water status estimation are presented in this comprehensive review. These parameters directly or indirectly provide estimates of crop water status, which is critically important for irrigation management in farms. The review is organised into four main sections: (i) remote sensing platforms; (ii) the remote sensor suite; (iii) techniques adopted for horticultural applications and indicators of water status; and, (iv) case studies of the use of remote sensing in horticultural crops. Finally, the authors’ view is presented with regard to future prospects and research gaps in the estimation of the crop water status for precision irrigation.
Soil Pollution by Petroleum-Derived Substances and its Bioremediation: The Effect on Aphis fabae Scop. Infestation and Antioxidant Response in Vicia faba L.
Authors: Rusin Milena , Gospodarek Janina , Nadgórska-Socha Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

In this study, the effects of soil contamination with petroleum-derived substances (PDSs) (petrol, diesel fuel and used engine oil) and its bioremediation using biopreparation ZB-01 on broad bean infestation by black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scop., as well as on the antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD)) and antioxidant (non-protein thiols and proline) content in plant leaves, were determined. Results showed that after three years from the moment of soil contamination PDSs limited infestation of broad bean by A. fabae. However, the adverse effects on aphids’ life cycles were not proven. The lowered infestation may result from the lower attractiveness of contaminated plants to pests. PDSs significantly affected the activities of enzymes and the antioxidants content, with that effect being diversified. The increased activity of SOD was found in plants exposed to diesel fuel, together with the lowest numbers of aphids accompanying it, which can suggest a certain role of the enzyme in pest response to the stress caused by this PDS. The ZB-01 biopreparation limited the adverse effect of PDSs on the degree of broad bean plant infestation by A. fabae. Its influence on the antioxidant response was diversified. In the plants exposed to EO, changes in antioxidant response were reduced under the influence of ZB-01.
Short Review of Multichannel Membrane Capacitive Deionization: Principle, Current Status, and Future Prospect
Authors: Kim Nayeong , Lee Jiho , Kim Seonghwan , Hong Sung Pil , Lee Changha , Yoon Jeyong , Kim Choonsoo
Published: January 2020

Capacitive deionization (CDI) has gained a lot of attention as a promising water desalination technology. Among several CDI architectures, multichannel membrane CDI (MC-MCDI) has recently emerged as one of the most innovative systems to enhance the ion removal capacity. The principal feature of MC-MCDI is the independently controllable electrode channels, providing a favorable environment for the electrodes and enhancing the desalination performance. Furthermore, MC-MCDI has been studied in various operational modes, such as concentration gradient, reverse voltage discharging for semi-continuous process, and increase of mass transfer. Furthermore, the system configuration of MC-MCDI has been benchmarked for the extension of the operation voltage and sustainable desalination. Given the increasing interest in MC-MCDI, a comprehensive review is necessary to provide recent research efforts and prospects for further development of MC-MCDI. Therefore, this review actively addresses the major principle and operational features of MC-MCDI along with conventional CDI for a better understanding of the MC-MCDI system. In addition, the innovative applications of MC-MCDI and their notable improvements are also discussed. Finally, this review briefly mentions the major challenges of MC-MCDI as well as proposes future research directions for further development of MC-MCDI as scientific and industrial desalination technologies.
The Effect of Gasification Conditions on the Surface Properties of Biochar Produced in a Top-Lit Updraft Gasifier
Authors: James R. Arthur M. , Yuan Wenqiao , Wang Duo , Wang Donghai , Kumar Ajay
Published: January 2020

The effect of airflow rate, biomass moisture content, particle size, and compactness on the surface properties of biochar produced in a top-lit updraft gasifier was investigated. Pine woodchips were studied as the feedstock. The carbonization airflow rates from 8 to 20 L/min were found to produce basic biochars (pH > 7.0) that contained basic functional groups. No acid functional groups were presented when the airflow increased. The surface charge of biochar at varying airflow rates showed that the cation exchange capacity increased with airflow. The increase in biomass moisture content from 10 to 14% caused decrease in the pH from 12 to 7.43, but the smallest or largest particle sizes resulted in low pH; therefore, the carboxylic functional groups increased. Similarly, the biomass compactness exhibited a negative correlation with the pH that reduced with increasing compactness level. Thus, the carboxylic acid functional groups of biochar increased from 0 to 0.016 mmol g−1, and the basic functional group decreased from 0.115 to 0.073 mmol g−1 when biomass compactness force increased from 0 to 3 kg. BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) surface area of biochar was greater at higher airflow and smaller particle size, lower moisture content, and less compactness of the biomass.
A Numerical Ice Load Prediction Model Based on Ice-Hull Collision Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Meng , Garme Karl , Burman Magnus , Zhou Li
Published: January 2020

A simplified numerical model is introduced to predict ice impact force acting on the ship hull in level ice condition. The model is based on ice-hull collision mechanisms and the essential ice breaking characteristics. The two critical ice failure modes, localized crushing and bending breaking, are addressed. An energy method is used to estimate the crushing force and the indentation displacement for different geometry schemes of ice-ship interaction. Ice bending breaking scenario is taken as a semi-infinite plate under a distributed load resting on an elastic foundation. An integrated complete ice-hull impact event is introduced with ice failure modes and breaking patterns. Impact location randomness and number of broken ice wedges are considered in order to establish a stochastic model. The analysis is validated by comparison with the model ice test of a shuttle passenger ferry performed in May 2017 for SSPA Sweden AB at Aker Arctic Technology Inc. Good agreement is achieved with appropriate parameter selection assumed from the model test and when ice bending failure is dominant. This model can be used to predict the ice impact load and creates a bridge between design parameters (ice properties and ship geometry) and structure loads.
Accurate Output Forecasting Method for Various Photovoltaic Modules Considering Incident Angle and Spectral Change Owing to Atmospheric Parameters and Cloud Conditions
Authors: Tawa Hiroki , Saiki Hiromu , Ota Yasuyuki , Araki Kenji , Takamoto Tatsuya , Nishioka Kensuke
Published: January 2020

Because semiconductors absorb wavelengths dependent on the light absorption coefficient, photovoltaic (PV) energy output is affected by the solar spectrum. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the solar spectrum for highly accurate PV output estimation. Bird’s model has been used as a general spectral model. However, atmospheric parameters such as aerosol optical depth and precipitable water have a constant value in the model that only applies to clear days. In this study, atmospheric parameters were extracted using the Bird’s spectrum model from the measured global spectrum and the seasonal fluctuation of atmospheric parameters was examined. We propose an overcast spectrum model and calculate the all-weather solar spectrum from clear to overcast sky through linear combination. Three types of PV modules (fixed Si, two-axis tracking Si, and fixed InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs triple-junction solar cells) were installed at the University of Miyazaki. The estimated performance ratio (PR), which takes into account incident angle and spectral variations, was consistent with the measured PR. Finally, the energy yield of various PVs installed across Japan was successfully estimated.
A Deep Neural Network Based Glottal Flow Model for Predicting Fluid-Structure Interactions during Voice Production
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zheng Xudong , Xue Qian
Published: January 2020

This paper proposes a machine-learning based reduced-order model that can provide fast and accurate prediction of the glottal flow during voice production. The model is based on the Bernoulli equation with a viscous loss term predicted by a deep neural network (DNN) model. The training data of the DNN model is a Navier-Stokes (N-S) equation-based three-dimensional simulation of glottal flows in various glottal shapes generated by a synthetic shape function, which can be obtained by superimposing the instantaneous modal displacements during vibration on the prephonatory geometry of the glottal shape. The input parameters of the DNN model are the geometric and flow parameters extracted from discretized cross sections of the glottal shapes and the output target is the corresponding flow resistance coefficient. With this trained DNN-Bernoulli model, the flow resistance coefficient as well as the flow rate and pressure distribution in any given glottal shape generated by the synthetic shape function can be predicted. The model is further coupled with a finite-element method based solid dynamics solver for simulating fluid-structure interactions (FSI). The prediction performance of the model for both static shape and FSI simulations is evaluated by comparing the solutions to those obtained by the Bernoulli and N-S model. The model shows a good prediction performance in accuracy and efficiency, suggesting a promise for future clinical use.
Hamming Code Strategy for Medical Image Sharing
Authors: Li Li , Chang Ching-Chun , Bai Junlan , Le Hai-Duong , Chen Chi-Cheng , Meen Teen-Hang
Published: January 2020

In medical practice, the scanned image of the patient between the patient and the doctor is confidential. If info is stored on a single server and the server is successfully attacked, it is possible to expose confidential information. Password encryption and data authentication are commonly used to protect patient data, however, encryption and data authentication are computationally expensive and take time to execute on a mobile device. In addition, it is not easy for the patient details related to medical images to leak if the hacked image are not visual.Therefore, in this paper, we propose a way to make medical images remain untouched in this sense. We use our method to quickly create two shadows from two medical images and store them on two servers. Revealing a shadow image does nothing to compromise the confidentiality of a patient’s health. This method is based on Hamming code. With low computational cost, the proposed scheme is suitable for tablet, pamphlets and other mobile devices.
Design and Synthesis of Photoactive Iron N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Kaufhold Simon , Wärnmark Kenneth
Published: January 2020

The use of iron in photoactive metal complexes has been investigated for decades. In this respect, the charge transfer (CT) states are of particular interest, since they are usually responsible for the photofunctionality of such compounds. However, only recently breakthroughs have been made in extending CT excited state lifetimes that are notoriously short-lived in classical polypyridine iron coordination compounds. This success is in large parts owed to the use of strongly σ-donating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands that help manipulating the photophysical and photochemical properties of iron complexes. In this review we aim to map out the basic design principles for the generation of photofunctional iron NHC complexes, summarize the progress made so far and recapitulate on the synthetic methods used. Further, we want to highlight the challenges still existing and give inspiration for future generations of photoactive iron complexes.
DERA in Flow: Synthesis of a Statin Side Chain Precursor in Continuous Flow Employing Deoxyribose-5-Phosphate Aldolase Immobilized in Alginate-Luffa Matrix
Authors: Grabner Bianca , Pokhilchuk Yekaterina , Gruber-Woelfler Heidrun
Published: January 2020

Statins, cholesterol-lowering drugs used for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), are among the top 10 prescribed drugs worldwide. However, the synthesis of their characteristic side chain containing two chiral hydroxyl groups can be challenging. The application of deoxyribose-5-phosphate aldolase (DERA) is currently one of the most promising routes for the synthesis of this side chain. Herein, we describe the development of a continuous flow process for the biosynthesis of a side chain precursor. Design of experiments (DoE) was used to optimize the reaction conditions (pH value and temperature) in batch. A pH of 7.5 and a temperature of 32.5 °C were identified to be the optimal process settings within the reaction space considered. Additionally, an immobilization method was developed using the alginate-luffa matrix (ALM), which is a fast, simple, and inexpensive method for enzyme immobilization. Furthermore, it is non-toxic, biodegradable, and from renewable resources. The final continuous process was operated stable for 4 h and can produce up to 4.5 g of product per day.
Ultrasonic Sensors-Assisted Corrosion Studies on Surface Coated AlSi9Cu3 Alloy Die Castings
Authors: Hu Yuh-Chung , Kumaran Selvaraj Senthil , Subramanian Manivannan , Srinivasan Kathiravan , Narayanan Srinivasan
Published: January 2020

A novel phenomenon known as Industry X.0 is becoming extremely popular for digitizing and reinventing business organizations through the adaption of rapid and dynamic technological, innovational, and organizational changes for attaining the profitable revenue. This work investigates the die-casted commercially pure aluminum alloyed with 9% silicon and 3% copper (AlSi9Cu3) that is produced through the gravity die casting process. Further, the degradation of surface coating on die-casted AlSi9Cu3 alloy was explored. The acrylic paint electrodeposition (ED) coat, 2-coat polyester without primer and 3-coat polyester with epoxy primer powder coatings were used in this study. Moreover, the 3.5 wt.% of sodium chloride (3.5 wt.% of NaCl) test solution was used for electrochemical and salt spray test and the tools used to assess electrochemical properties were electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization, and neutral salt spray test (NSS). The microstructure of AlSi9Cu3 after corrosion exposure was investigated; also, the microstructure of coated and uncoated AlSi9Cu3 samples was analyzed by SEM microscopy after corrosion exposure. Besides, the electrochemical studies were also carried out on the Al alloy die casting. It was found that acrylic paint ED coatings exhibited higher corrosion resistance than 2-coat polyester without primer & 3-coat polyester with epoxy primer powder coatings. Acrylic paint ED coating showed higher corrosion resistance in AC and a lower value in DC and 3-coat polyester with epoxy primer powder coating displayed higher corrosion resistance in DC and a lower value in AC.
New Trends in Protein Crystallization and Protein Crystallography
Authors: Moreno Abel
Published: January 2020

Biological crystals and their properties have recently unveiled the complex mechanisms where life is supported [...]
Liquid Crystals
Authors: Rosenblatt Charles
Published: January 2020

Liquid crystals were discovered by Friedrich Reinitzer in 1888 when he observed colors in cholesterol derivatives that are characteristic of highly birefringent materials [...]
Application of a Stub-Loaded Square Ring Resonator for Wideband Bandpass Filter Design
Authors: Zhang Ping , Liu Liqin , Chen Deli , Weng Min-Hang , Yang Ru-Yuan
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a stub-loaded square ring resonator (SLSRR) is analyzed and applied to design a very simple and compact wideband bandpass filter structure. Resonant modes dependent on the structure parameters of the SLSRR are analyzed first, and then the first two modes are used to achieve a required passband. The input and output terminals are supplied with high impedance and strong coupling to provide sufficient coupling energy. Two wideband filter examples are designed, manufactured, and measured using the SLSRRs. The first filter is a wideband filter with a wide upper stopband, and the second filter is a dual wideband filter with a notched stopband between two passbands. The two filter examples are designed, fabricated, and measured to verify the design concept and present the advantages of easy design and a simple and compact structure.
A Multi-Feature Representation of Skeleton Sequences for Human Interaction Recognition
Authors: Wang Xiaohang , Deng Hongmin
Published: January 2020

Inspired from the promising performances achieved by recurrent neural networks (RNN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) in action recognition based on skeleton, this paper presents a deep network structure which combines both CNN for classification and RNN to achieve attention mechanism for human interaction recognition. Specifically, the attention module in this structure is utilized to give various levels of attention to various frames by different weights, and the CNN is employed to extract the high-level spatial and temporal information of skeleton data. These two modules seamlessly form a single network architecture. In addition, to eliminate the impact of different locations and orientations, a coordinate transformation is conducted from the original coordinate system to the human-centric coordinate system. Furthermore, three different features are extracted from the skeleton data as the inputs of three subnetworks, respectively. Eventually, these subnetworks fed with different features are fused as an integrated network. The experimental result shows the validity of the proposed approach on two widely used human interaction datasets.
Identification of Daily Activites and Environments Based on the AdaBoost Method Using Mobile Device Data: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ferreira José M. , Pires Ivan Miguel , Marques Gonçalo , Garcia Nuno M. , Zdravevski Eftim , Lameski Petre , Flórez-Revuelta Francisco , Spinsante Susanna
Published: January 2020

Using the AdaBoost method may increase the accuracy and reliability of a framework for daily activities and environment recognition. Mobile devices have several types of sensors, including motion, magnetic, and location sensors, that allow accurate identification of daily activities and environment. This paper focuses on the review of the studies that use the AdaBoost method with the sensors available in mobile devices. This research identified the research works written in English about the recognition of daily activities and environment recognition using the AdaBoost method with the data obtained from the sensors available in mobile devices that were published between 2012 and 2018. Thus, 13 studies were selected and analysed from 151 identified records in the searched databases. The results proved the reliability of the method for daily activities and environment recognition, highlighting the use of several features, including the mean, standard deviation, pitch, roll, azimuth, and median absolute deviation of the signal of motion sensors, and the mean of the signal of magnetic sensors. When reported, the analysed studies presented an accuracy higher than 80% in recognition of daily activities and environments with the Adaboost method.
Performance Assessment of Japanese Electric Power Industry: DEA Measurement with Future Impreciseness
Authors: Sueyoshi Toshiyuki , Goto Mika
Published: January 2020

This study examines the performance of Japanese electric power companies from 2003 to 2020. We use an observed data set from 2003 to 2015 and a forecasted data set from 2016 to 2020. The Japanese deregulation of the industry needs to be completed by April 2020. As a method, this study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) environmental assessment, which measures performance from a holistic perspective. This research adds a new analytical capability to the DEA-based assessment by including an analytical ability to handle an “imprecise” data set. We apply the proposed approach to investigate the performance of these companies before and after the disaster of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (11 March 2011). All electric power companies have suffered from business damage due to the nuclear disaster. The Japanese government has developed a policy scheme on how to recover from the huge handling costs resulting from the disaster. Nuclear energy has been long considered the most useful approach to handle climate change. However, many industrial nations have changed policy direction since the nuclear disaster. The Japanese government allocates the costs to not only Tokyo Electric Power Company, which produced the nuclear disaster, but also the other incumbent electric power companies that own nuclear power plants. Under the current Japanese scheme, financial conditions have been gradually recovering from the damage due to the managerial efforts and by indirectly allocating the expenditure to consumers and tax payers.
Fractal Antennas: An Historical Perspective
Authors: Anguera Jaume , Andújar Aurora , Jayasinghe Jeevani , Chakravarthy V. V. S. S. Sameer , Chowdary P. S. R. , Pijoan Joan L. , Ali Tanweer , Cattani Carlo
Published: January 2020

Fractal geometry has been proven to be useful in several disciplines. In the field of antenna engineering, fractal geometry is useful to design small and multiband antenna and arrays, and high-directive elements. A historic overview of the most significant fractal mathematic pioneers is presented, at the same time showing how the fractal patterns inspired engineers to design antennas.
New Conceptual Model for the Magma-Hydrothermal-Tectonic System of Krafla, NE Iceland
Authors: Árnason Knútur
Published: January 2020

The complexity of the Krafla volcano and its geothermal system(s) has puzzled geoscientists for decades. New and old geoscientific studies are reviewed in order to shed some light on this complexity. The geological structure and history of the volcano is more complex than hitherto believed. The visible 110 ka caldera hosts, now buried, an 80 ka inner caldera. Both calderas are bisected by an ESE-WNW transverse low-density structure. Resistivity surveys show that geothermal activity has mainly been within the inner caldera but cut through by the ESE-WNW structure. The complexity of the geothermal system in the main drill field can be understood by considering the tectonic history. Isotope composition of the thermal fluids strongly suggests at least three different geothermal systems. Silicic magma encountered in wells K-39 and IDDP-1 indicates a hitherto overlooked heat transport mechanism in evolved volcanos. Basaltic intrusions into subsided hydrothermally altered basalt melt the hydrated parts, producing a buoyant silicic melt which migrates upwards forming sills at shallow crustal levels which are heat sources for the geothermal system above. This can explain the bimodal behavior of evolved volcanos like Krafla and Askja, with occasional silicic, often phreatic, eruptions but purely basaltic in-between. When substantial amounts of silicic intrusions/magma have accumulated, major basalt intrusion(s) may “ignite” them causing a silicic eruption.
Research on the Influence of Environmental Regulation on Social Employment—An Empirical Analysis Based on the STR Model
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , Yang Qing , He Ning
Published: January 2020

Environmental regulation will affect social employment through corporate costs, technological innovation, industrial upgrading, and industrial transfer. To verify the effect of environmental regulation on social employment in different periods and under the intensity of environmental regulation, in this paper, environmental regulation is introduced as an influencing factor of social employment levels, based on China’s urban registration unemployment data from 1987 to 2017. A nonlinear smoothing autoregressive model is used to analyze the nonlinear long-term effect relationship between environmental regulation and social employment. The research results show that the relationship between environmental regulation and social employment does exhibit the characteristics of nonlinear transformation under different mechanisms, and the transformation speed is fast. The specific manifestation is that the environmental regulation has a restraining effect on social employment in the short term, and the environmental regulation has a promoting effect on social employment in the long term. Continued high-level environmental regulations will exacerbate the adverse impact of environmental regulations on social employment.
Linguistic Landscapes on Street-Level Images
Authors: Hong Seong-Yun
Published: January 2020

Linguistic landscape research focuses on relationships between written languages in public spaces and the sociodemographic structure of a city. While a great deal of work has been done on the evaluation of linguistic landscapes in different cities, most of the studies are based on ad-hoc interpretation of data collected from fieldwork. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new methodological framework that combines computer vision and machine learning techniques for assessing the diversity of languages from street-level images. As demonstrated with an analysis of a small Chinese community in Seoul, South Korea, the proposed approach can reveal the spatiotemporal pattern of linguistic variations effectively and provide insights into the demographic composition as well as social changes in the neighborhood. Although the method presented in this work is at a conceptual stage, it has the potential to open new opportunities to conduct linguistic landscape research at a large scale and in a reproducible manner. It is also capable of yielding a more objective description of a linguistic landscape than arbitrary classification and interpretation of on-site observations. The proposed approach can be a new direction for the study of linguistic landscapes that builds upon urban analytics methodology, and it will help both geographers and sociolinguists explore and understand our society.
Differential Expression of miRNAs and Behavioral Change in the Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination Mouse Model
Authors: Han Seung Ro , Kang Yun Hee , Jeon Hyungtaek , Lee Suhyuk , Park Sang-Jin , Song Dae-Yong , Min Sun Seek , Yoo Seung-Min , Lee Myung-Shin , Lee Seung-Hoon
Published: January 2020

The demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system involve myelin abnormalities, oligodendrocyte damage, and consequent glia activation. Neurotoxicant cuprizone (CPZ) was used to establish a mouse model of demyelination. However, the effects of CPZ on microRNA (miRNA) expression and behavior have not been clearly reported. We analyzed the behavior of mice administered a diet containing 0.2% CPZ for 6 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of recovery. Rotarod analysis demonstrated that the treated group had poorer motor coordination than control animals. This effect was reversed after 6 weeks of CPZ withdrawal. Open-field tests showed that CPZ-treated mice exhibited significantly increased anxiety and decreased exploratory behavior. CPZ-induced demyelination was observed to be alleviated after 4 weeks of CPZ treatment, according to luxol fast blue (LFB) staining and myelin basic protein (MBP) expression. miRNA expression profiling showed that the expression of 240 miRNAs was significantly changed in CPZ-fed mice compared with controls. Furthermore, miR-155-5p and miR-20a-5p upregulations enhanced NgR induction through Smad 2 and Smad 4 suppression in demyelination. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CPZ-mediated demyelination induces behavioral deficits with apparent alterations in miRNA expression, suggesting that differences in miRNA expression in vivo may be new potential therapeutic targets for remyelination.
Proximate Drivers of Migration and Dispersal in Wing-Monomorphic Insects
Authors: Asplen Mark K.
Published: January 2020

Gains in our knowledge of dispersal and migration in insects have been largely limited to either wing-dimorphic species or current genetic model systems. Species belonging to these categories, however, represent only a tiny fraction of insect biodiversity, potentially making generalization problematic. In this perspective, I present three topics in which current and future research may lead to greater knowledge of these processes in wing-monomorphic insects with limited existing molecular tools. First, threshold genetic models are reviewed as testable hypotheses for the heritability of migratory traits, using the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) as a case study of a behaviorally-polymorphic migratory species lacking morphological or physiological differentiation. In addition, both adaptive and non-adaptive explanations for the empirically variable relationship between egg production and flight in wing-monomorphic insects are discussed. Finally, with respect to the largest order of insects (Hymenoptera), the role of sex determination mechanisms for haplodiploidy as a driver for natal dispersal (for inbreeding avoidance) versus philopatry (such as in local mate competition) is discussed.
UAV Photogrammetry and Ground Surveys as a Mapping Tool for Quickly Monitoring Shoreline and Beach Changes
Authors: Zanutta Antonio , Lambertini Alessandro , Vittuari Luca
Published: January 2020

The aim of this work is to evaluate UAV photogrammetric and GNSS techniques to investigate coastal zone morphological changes due to both natural and anthropogenic factors. Monitoring morphological beach change and coastline evolution trends is necessary to plan efficient maintenance work, sand refill and engineering structures to avoid coastal drift. The test area is located on the Northern Adriatic coast, a few kilometres from Ravenna (Italy). Three multi-temporal UAV surveys were performed using UAVs supported by GCPs, and Post Processed Kinematic (PPK) surveys were carried out to produce three-dimensional models to be used for comparison and validation. The statistical method based on Crossover Error Analysis was used to assess the empirical accuracy of the PPK surveys. GNSS surveys were then adopted to evaluate the accuracy of the 2019 photogrammetric DTMs. A multi-temporal analysis was carried out by gathering LiDAR dataset (2013) provided by the “Ministero dell’Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare” (MATTM), 1:5000 Regional Technical Cartography (CTR, 1998; DBTR 2013), and 1:5000 AGEA orthophotos (2008, 2011). The digitization of shoreline position on multi-temporal orthophotos and maps, together with DTM comparison, permitted historical coastal changes to be highlighted.
Equity Option Pricing with Systematic and Idiosyncratic Volatility and Jump Risks
Authors: Li Zhe
Published: January 2020

Recently, a large number of empirical studies indicated that individual equity options exhibit a strong factor structure. In this paper, the importance of systematic and idiosyncratic volatility and jump risks on individual equity option pricing is analyzed. First, we propose a new factor structure model for pricing the individual equity options with stochastic volatility and jumps, which takes into account four types of risks, i.e., the systematic diffusion, the idiosyncratic diffusion, the systematic jump, and the idiosyncratic jump. Second, we derive the closed-form solutions for the prices of both the market index and individual equity options by utilizing the Fourier inversion. Finally, empirical studies are carried out to show the superiority of our model based on the S&P 500 index and the stock of Apple Inc. on options. The out-of-sample pricing performance of our proposed model outperforms the other three benchmark models especially for short term and deep out-of-the-money options.
Land Use Change in the Major Bays Along the Coast of the South China Sea in Southeast Asia from 1988 to 2018
Authors: Zhang Junjue , Su Fenzhen
Published: January 2020

Bays are some of the core areas for marine economic development. The South China Sea coast is one of the most developed and dynamic places in the Asia-Pacific. In this study, we focused on the large bays surrounding the South China Sea. The techniques of image segmentation and supervised classification as well as image interpretation were used to acquire land-use data of 41 bays from 1988 to 2018. Then, we quantified the intensity and pattern of land-use and land-cover change during the two periods. Plantation land was the dominant agriculture land type as well as the second land use type after natural forest. Agriculture land cover increased from 29.8% to 40.9% and the growth was driven by plantation expansion. Deforestation was serious, including both natural forests and mangroves. Natural forest cover decreased by 31.6% and mangrove cover decreased by 16.2%. The vast majority of forest loss occurred in Sumatra and western Kalimantan. Commodity-driven deforestation for plantations was the major reason for forest loss.
Life in The Context of Order and Complexity
Authors: Mayer Christian
Published: January 2020

It is generally accepted that life requires structural complexity. However, a chaotic mixture of organic compounds like the one formed by extensive reaction sequences over time may be extremely complex, but could just represent a static asphalt-like dead end situation. Likewise, it is accepted that life requires a certain degree of structural order. However, even extremely ordered structures like mineral crystals show no tendency to be alive. So neither complexity nor order alone can characterize a living organism. In order to come close to life, and in order for life to develop to higher organisms, both conditions have to be fulfilled and advanced simultaneously. Only a combination of the two requirements, complexity and structural order, can mark the difference between living and dead matter. It is essential for the development of prebiotic chemistry into life and characterizes the course and the result of Darwinian evolution. For this reason, it is worthwhile to define complexity and order as an essential pair of characteristics of life and to use them as fundamental parameters to evaluate early steps in prebiotic development. A combination of high order and high complexity also represents a universal type of biosignature which could be used to identify unknown forms of life or remnants thereof.