bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change and allergies
Authors: Luschkova Daria , Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia , Ludwig Alika
Published: June 2022

The climate crisis poses a major challenge to human health as well as the healthcare system and threatens to jeopardize the medical progress made in recent decades. However, addressing climate change may also be the greatest opportunity for global health in the 21st century. The climate crisis and its consequences, such as rising temperatures, forest fires, floods, droughts, and changes in the quality and quantity of food and water, directly and indirectly affect human physical and mental health. More intense and frequent heat waves and declining air quality have been shown to increase all-cause mortality, especially among the most vulnerable. Climate warming alters existing ecosystems and favors biological invasions by species that better tolerate heat and drought. Pathogen profiles are changing, and the transmission and spread of vector-borne diseases are increasing. The spread of neophytes in Europe, such as ragweed, is creating new pollen sources that increase allergen exposure for allergy sufferers. In addition, the overall milder weather, especially in combination with air pollution and increased CO2levels, is changing the production and allergenicity of pollen. The phenomenon of thunderstorm asthma is also occurring more frequently. In view of the increasing prevalence of allergic diseases due to climate change, early causal immunomodulatory therapy is therefore all the more important. During a climate consultation, patients can receive individual advice on climate adaptation and resilience and the benefits of CO2reduction—for their own and the planet’s health. Almost 5% of all greenhouse gas emissions in Europe come from the healthcare sector. It thus has a central responsibility for a climate-neutral and sustainable transformation.
A drone- and field-based investigation of the land degradation and soil erosion at an opencast coal mine dump after 5 years’ evolution of natural processes
Authors: Xiao Wu , Ren He , Sui Tao , Zhang Heyu , Zhao Yanling , Hu Zhenqi
Published: June 2022

Opencast coal mining has a large impact on the land surface, both at the mining pits themselves and at waste sites. After artificial management is stopped, a reclaimed opencast coal mine dump is affected by wind and water erosion from natural processes, resulting in land degradation and even safety incidents. In this paper, the soil erosion and land degradation after 5 years of such natural processes, at the Xilinhot opencast coal mine dump in Inner Mongolia, were investigated. A multi-source data acquisition method was applied: the vegetation fraction coverage (VFC) was extracted from GF-1 satellite imagery, high-precision terrain characteristics and the location and degree of soil erosion were obtained using a drone, and the physical properties of the topsoil were obtained by field sampling. On this basis, the degree and spatial distribution of erosion cracks were identified, and the causes of soil erosion and land degradation were analyzed using the geographical detector. The results show that (1) multi-source data acquisition method can provide effective basic data for the quantitative evaluation of the ecological environment at dumps, and (2) slope aspect and VFC are the main factors affecting the degree of degradation and soil erosion. Based on above analysis, several countermeasures are proposed to mitigate land degradation: (1) The windward slope be designed to imitate the natural landform. (2) Reasonable engineering measures should be applied at the slope to restrain soil erosion. (3) The Pioneer plants should be widely planted on the platform at the early stage of reclamation.
It Never Rains but it Pours. The Polish Constitutional Tribunal Declares the European Convention on Human Rights Unconstitutional
Authors: Ploszka Adam
Published: June 2022

This article deals with a new development in the jurisprudence of Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal: the Tribunal’s finding that art. 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights is incompatible to some extent with the Polish Constitution. The Tribunal ruled thus for the first time in its judgment of 24 November 2021 in case ref. K 6/21 in a reaction to the European Court of Human Rights judgment in the case of Xero Flor v. Poland (application no. 4907/18). The article critiques this judgment both from the national and international perspective. I argue that contrary to the intention of the Prosecutor General, who is also the Minister of Justice and who initiated the proceedings leading to this judgment, this judgment does not affect the obligation to enforce the Xero Flor judgment. As the Constitutional Tribunal, in commented judgment, fails to fulfil one of its essential functions, protecting citizens’ rights and freedoms, this judgment should be perceived as proof of the instrumentalisation of the Constitutional Tribunal for internal political purposes. This ruling, however, formed the basis for a new line of jurisprudence, as the Convention was again challenged before the Constitutional Tribunal by the Prosecutor General in reaction to subsequent ECtHR judgments. Constitutional Tribunal in its judgment of 10 March 2022 in case ref. K 7/21 ruled again on European Convention on Human Rights incompatibility with Polish Constitution.
From Childhood System Contact to Adult Criminal Conviction: Investigating Intersectional Inequalities using Queensland Administrative Data
Authors: Matthews Ben , McVie Susan , Thompson Carleen , Stewart Anna
Published: June 2022

It is well known that youth justice contact is associated with criminal conviction in adulthood. What is less well understood is whether ‘cross-over’ children, who have contact with both child welfare and youth justice systems, experience relatively worse outcomes and, if so, whether these outcomes vary by important demographic factors, such as sex and race. Criminal careers scholars have examined patterns of adult convictions for different groups, but attempts to understand intersectional variation in these outcomes have been constrained by limitations of standard statistical analysis. Using administrative data from the Queensland Cross-sector Research Collaboration, we adopt a flexible regression model specification to explore the cumulative effects of both child welfare and youth justice contact on adult conviction trajectories, and how these associations vary by sex and Indigenous status. We find clear evidence across all demographic groups that contact with both justice and welfare systems in childhood is associated with increased likelihood and severity of conviction trajectories in adulthood. Thecumulative effectof cross-over status results in greater equity of negative outcomes across groups, although the conviction profile is worst for Indigenous men. Evidence of anadditionalinequality is present only for non-Indigenous women, who have the lowest likelihood of conviction overall. We conclude that while cross-over children are at elevated risk of conviction in adulthood, the nature and seriousness of their conviction pathways is conditional on pre-existing intersectional inequalities. The model specification used is a promising method by which to explore the existence of such inequalities.
Endophyte Chaetomium globosum improves the growth of maize plants and induces their resistance to late wilt disease
Authors: Elshahawy Ibrahim E. , Khattab Abd El-Nasser A.
Published: June 2022

Late wilt is a soil-borne disease caused by Cephalosporium maydis that severely limits maize production. In this study, endophytic Chaetomium isolates were screened for their abilities to control C. maydis on agar plates. In a dual culture test, Chaetomium spp. isolate Ch-1 inhibited 91.0% mycelial growth of C. maydis. The pathogen’s mycelial growth and conidial germination were also inhibited by its crude extracts. This isolate was identified as C. globosum (Chg-1) based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA gene. There are three Chg-1 application methods viz. grain treatment GT, soil application SA either individually or in combination GT + SA and two maize cultivars viz. landraces and fine seed 1005 were applied in pots and field plot experiments in controlling late wilt disease. In pots, Chg-1 treatments significantly reduced late wilt disease incidence and increased plant growth of the two maize cultivars, with a high efficacy for GT + SA compared to the positive control. Despite minor differences, treatments GT and SA provided adequate protection against late wilt. After 90 days of cultivation, the endophyte Chg-1 was re-isolated from the internodes of treated maize plants without causing any symptoms. This endophytic fungus reduced late wilt incidence in pots not only directly by antagonizing the pathogen, but also indirectly by inducing resistance mechanisms in maize plants. The induction of antioxidant enzymes (including peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase), chitinase, chlorophyll content, total phenols, and flavonoids was responsible for the indirect effects of Chg-1 against the pathogen. In the field, the endophyte not only reduced late wilt symptoms but also increased ear yield on both maize cultivars when compared to the untreated control. A combination of soil application and grain treatment with Chg-1 (GT + SA) outperformed any of these treatments individually in terms of reducing late wilt incidence and increasing grain yield in maize.
Non-invasive diagnosis and staging of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Kechagias Stergios , Ekstedt Mattias , Simonsson Christian , Nasr Patrik
Published: June 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is characterized by ectopic accumulation of triglycerides in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, i.e., steatosis. NAFLD has become the most common chronic liver disease, with an estimated global prevalence of 25%. Although the majority of NAFLD patients will never experience liver-related complications, the progressive potential of NAFLD is indisputable, with 5–10% of subjects progressing to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD patients with advanced fibrosis are at the highest risk of developing cardiovascular and cirrhosis-related complications. Liver biopsy has hitherto been considered the reference method for evaluation of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis stage. Given the limitations of biopsy for widescale screening, non-invasive tests (NITs) for assessment of steatosis and fibrosis stage, including serum-based algorithms and ultrasound- and magnetic resonance-based methods, will play an increasing role in the management of NAFLD patients. This comprehensive review presents the advantages and limitations of NITs for identification of steatosis and advanced fibrosis in NAFLD. The clinical implications of using NITs to identify and manage NAFLD patients are also discussed.
A system for organizing, collecting, and presenting open-source intelligence
Authors: Khan Saiful , Wallom David
Published: June 2022

Open-source intelligence is a rapidly expanding area of the security and intelligence industry, involving the collection of internet located open data from various sources, turning that data into actionable intelligence, which is reused where possible and relevant. While creating or processing the raw input data capturing and managing the corresponding provenance information, e.g., workflow, state, raw evidence, reports, and summaries, that simplifies its retrieval and reuse is essential. In comparison, scientific workflows and tools that support them are routinely used in the majority of academic research disciplines, managing diverse sets of data resources and their provenance. Based on the techniques established within the academic community, we have developed a system for managing this open-source intelligence data and associated provenance information. This will enhance the efficiency of retrieving stored data products and reusing them to support intelligence-led security decision-making. The open-source intelligence company partnered within this project has an operational envelope that includes collecting and analyzing personal subject information. Therefore, they must understand the scope of their data holdings appropriately, especially in light of obligations under the General Data Protection Regulation. The system developed allows for tracking requests for intelligence products, ownership of the collection, analysis and generation of intelligence briefs, and tracking the delivery of those final products to the customer for future billing. This adds further layers of efficiency to operations and hence reduces the costs of producing intelligence products.
Deep neural network approximations for solutions of PDEs based on Monte Carlo algorithms
Authors: Grohs Philipp , Jentzen Arnulf , Salimova Diyora
Published: June 2022

In the past few years deep artificial neural networks (DNNs) have been successfully employed in a large number of computational problems including, e.g., language processing, image recognition, fraud detection, and computational advertisement. Recently, it has also been proposed in the scientific literature to reformulate high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) as stochastic learning problems and to employ DNNs together with stochastic gradient descent methods to approximate the solutions of such high-dimensional PDEs. There are also a few mathematical convergence results in the scientific literature which show that DNNs can approximate solutions of certain PDEs without the curse of dimensionality in the sense that the number of real parameters employed to describe the DNN grows at most polynomially both in the PDE dimension $$d \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

d
∈
N

and the reciprocal of the prescribed approximation accuracy $$\varepsilon > 0$$

ε
>
0

. One key argument in most of these results is, first, to employ a Monte Carlo approximation scheme which can approximate the solution of the PDE under consideration at a fixed space-time point without the curse of dimensionality and, thereafter, to prove then that DNNs are flexible enough to mimic the behaviour of the employed approximation scheme. Having this in mind, one could aim for a general abstract result which shows under suitable assumptions that if a certain function can be approximated by any kind of (Monte Carlo) approximation scheme without the curse of dimensionality, then the function can also be approximated with DNNs without the curse of dimensionality. It is a subject of this article to make a first step towards this direction. In particular, the main result of this paper, roughly speaking, shows that if a function can be approximated by means of some suitable discrete approximation scheme without the curse of dimensionality and if there exist DNNs which satisfy certain regularity properties and which approximate this discrete approximation scheme without the curse of dimensionality, then the function itself can also be approximated with DNNs without the curse of dimensionality. Moreover, for the number of real parameters used to describe such approximating DNNs we provide an explicit upper bound for the optimal exponent of the dimension $$d \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

d
∈
N

of the function under consideration as well as an explicit lower bound for the optimal exponent of the prescribed approximation accuracy $$\varepsilon >0$$

ε
>
0

. As an application of this result we derive that solutions of suitable Kolmogorov PDEs can be approximated with DNNs without the curse of dimensionality.
Embryos derived from delayed mature oocyte should be cryopreserved and are favourable to transfer in a following endometrium synchronize frozen–thawed cycle
Authors: Aizer Adva , Noach-Hirsh Meirav , Gitman Hila , Dratviman-Storobinsky Olga , Kaner Slabodnik Keren , Nahum Ravit , Haas Jigal , Orvieto Raoul
Published: June 2022

Oocytes eligible for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are those that have progressed through meiosis to metaphase 2 (MII). The remaining delayed mature oocytes can be injected, aiming to achieve more embryos and a better chance to conceive. We aimed to assess the outcome of delayed matured oocytes, derived from either germinal vesicles or metaphase 1 (MI), that reached maturity (MII) 24 h following retrieval. The study population consisted of 362 women who underwent 476 IVF cycles. While fertilization rates were comparable between the sibling delayed mature oocyte group compared with injection on day 0 group (58.4% vs 62%, respectively, P = 0.07), the top-quality embryo rate per injected MII day 0 oocyte was significantly higher compared with day 1 injected oocyte (57.5% vs 43.9% respectively, P < 0.001). Moreover, following fresh transfer of embryos derived from delayed mature oocytes, implantation rate and the clinical pregnancy (CPR) and live-birth rates (LBR) per transfer were 3.9%, 3.3% and 1.6% respectively. When considering the following thawed embryo transfer cycles, implantation, pregnancy and LBR were non-significantly higher (10%, 8.3% and 8.3%, respectively). Although clinical outcomes are significantly lower when using embryos derived from delayed mature oocyte to mature day 0 oocytes, the additional embryos derived from delayed mature oocytes might contribute to the embryo cohort and increase the cumulative live-birth rate per retrieval. Moreover, the embryos derived from delayed mature oocyte favour a transfer in a frozen–thawed cycle rather than in a fresh cycle.
Sustaining the Individual in the Collective: A Kantian Perspective for a Sustainable World
Authors: Vereb Zachary
Published: June 2022

Individualist normative theories appear inadequate for the complex moral challenges of climate change. In climate ethics, this is especially notable with the relative marginalization of Kant. I argue that Kant’s philosophy, understood through its historical and cosmopolitan dimensions, has untapped potential for the climate crisis. First, I situate Kant in climate ethics and evaluate his marginalization due to perceived individualism, interiority and anthropocentrism. Then, I explore aspects of Kant’s historical and cosmopolitan writings, which present a global, future-orientated picture of humanity. Ultimately, Kant’s philosophy offers a unique take on the climate deadlock capable of sustaining the individual in the collective.
Plague and Popular Revival: Ecclesiastical Authorities and the Bianchi Devotions in 1399
Authors: Lee Alexandra R. A.
Published: June 2022

Religious processions were commonly held during plague outbreaks in medieval Europe to provide succour against disease. The Bianchi of 1399, a popular religious revival, is one such example. This article addresses the Bianchi in Tuscany, demonstrating the crucial role of ecclesiastical authorities in moulding this response to plague, and contributing to both religious history and the history of medicine. It first problematizes the connection between the Bianchi and a punitive plague which could purportedly be remedied by religious devotions. The role of the clergy in the movement is then examined, demonstrating their prominence in preparing the populace, preaching and even leading processions. An assessment of Bianchi processional composition and routes reveals exploitation of pre-existing liturgical traditions. This localized, comparative analysis demonstrates how individual Tuscan towns organized and supported these devotional activities, successfully managing the popular response to plague expressed in the Bianchi devotions.
Air‐Lake Momentum and Heat Exchange in Very Young Waves Using Energy and Water Budget Closure
Authors: Lükő Gabriella , Torma Péter , Weidinger Tamás , Krámer Tamás
Published: June 2022

Turbulent momentum and heat exchanges at the air‐water interface of lakes are complex processes due to diverse characteristics such as climate, fetch limitation, and geometry; however, their parameterizations are necessary for hydro‐ and thermodynamic modeling. In this study, we performed comprehensive research on turbulent exchanges of a shallow, large but highly fetch limited lake employing 5 months of simultaneous eddy‐covariance (EC), wave, energy, and water budget measurements. Based on the Monin‐Obukhov similarity theory, wind and wave age‐related drag coefficients and roughness lengths were derived for very young wave ages. The new drag functions showed an increased water surface resistance compared to marine conditions. In terms of water vapor roughness length and transfer coefficients, an apparent intra‐seasonal variation was observed. Turbulent heat fluxes were evaluated by closing the lake's energy budget using the Bowen ratio method. Furthermore, we aimed to close the energy budget by assuring the water balance closure as well through the evaporation (latent heat flux), resulting in significant deviations from the EC‐based results. EC‐based heat fluxes and transfer coefficients were found to be underestimated on average by 29% and 33%, respectively. The water balance closure suggested that the energy residual should not be distributed based on the Bowen ratio, and sensible heat fluxes were more underestimated than latent heat fluxes. In the case of Lake Balaton, atmospheric stability plays a minor role; however, our analysis revealed significant effects caused by the surrounding topography and water side stratification.
Influence of Rarely Mobile Boulders on Channel Width and Slope: Theory and Field Application
Authors: Nativ Ron , Turowski Jens M. , Goren Liran , Laronne Jonathan B. , Shyu J. Bruce H.
Published: June 2022

Large, rarely mobile boulders are observed globally in mountainous bedrock channels. Recent studies suggest that high concentrations of boulders could be associated with channel morphological adjustment. However, a process‐based understanding of large boulder effects on channel morphology is limited, and data are scarce and ambiguous. Here, we develop a theory of steady‐state channel width and slope as a function of boulder concentration. Our theory assumes that channel morphology adjusts to maintain two fundamental mass balances: (a) grade, in which the channel transports the same sediment flux downstream despite boulders acting as roughness elements and (b) bedrock erosion, by which the channel erodes at the background tectonic uplift rate. Model predictions are normalized by a reference, boulder‐free channel width and slope, accounting for variations due to sediment supply, discharge, and lithology. Models are tested against a new data set from the Liwu River, Taiwan, showing steepening and widening with increasing boulder concentration. Whereas one of the explored mechanisms successfully explains the observed steepening trend, none of the models accuratly account for the observed width variability. We propose that this contrast arises from different adjustment timescales: while sediment bed slope adjusts within a few floods, width adjustment takes a much longer time. Overall, we find that boulders represent a significant perturbation to fluvial landscapes. Channels tend to respond by forming a new morphology that differs from boulder‐free channels. The general approach presented here can be further expanded to explore the role of other hydrodynamic effects associated with large, rarely mobile boulders.
“Landslide Graveyard” Holds Clues to Long-Term Tsunami Trends
Authors: Bull Suzanne , Watson Sally , Hillman Jess , Power Hannah , Strachan Lorna
Published: June 2022

A new project looks to unearth information about and learn from ancient underwater landslides buried deep beneath the seafloor to support New Zealand’s resilience to natural hazards.
Interaction Between Equatorial to Low‐Latitude Postmidnight F‐Region Irregularities and LSTIDs in China During Geomagnetic Disturbances Based on Ground‐Based Instruments
Authors: Jin Han , Yan Chunxiao , Yang Guotao , Huang Fuqing , Xie Haiyong , Zhao Xiukuan , Sun Wenjie , Li Yaxian , Hozumi Kornyanat , Jiao Jing
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the interaction between equatorial to low‐latitude postmidnight ionospheric irregularities and large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) on 14 December 2015 during strong geomagnetic disturbances in China is studied by using multiple ground‐based observations. Postmidnight irregularities initiated near the magnetic equator and extended northward to higher latitudes (∼28°N) until the local early morning period (∼05 LT), which is unusual in the Northern Hemisphere winter. Multibeam observations by the very high frequency coherent scatter radar at Fuke (19.5°N, 109.1°E; dip latitude 14.4°N), Hainan Island, China, showed that the meter‐scale field‐aligned irregularities were still in the evolutionary phase during the postmidnight period (∼04 LT) instead of the fossil structures that must already be in their decay phase. Meanwhile, the emergence of the postmidnight ionospheric irregularities was accompanied by the passage of LSTIDs, as revealed by total electron content measurements. Southward and northward LSTIDs, with velocities of ∼550–570 m/s and periods of ∼80–100 min, that originated from opposite hemispheres met at ∼27°–28°N, and the LSTIDs might produce localized perturbation during their passage to initiate the instability for the postmidnight irregularity development. The height of the ionospheric F‐layer measured by the collocated Digisonde at Fuke was suggested to be modulated by the overshielding penetration electric field and storm‐related atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs). This interesting case gives insight into the important role of storm‐related AGWs in providing seeding sources for plasma bubble development and reveals unique characteristics of coupling between LSTIDs and plasma bubbles during the postmidnight sector.
Large‐Scale High‐Speed Jets in Earth's Magnetosheath: Global Hybrid Simulations
Authors: Guo Jin , Lu San , Lu Quanming , Lin Yu , Wang Xueyi , Ren Junyi , Hao Yufei , Huang Kai , Wang Rongsheng , Gao Xinliang
Published: June 2022

High‐speed jets (HSJs) occur frequently in Earth's magnetosheath downstream of the quasiparallel bow shock. They have great impacts on the magnetosheath and the magnetosphere. Using two‐dimensional global hybrid simulations, we investigate the formation and evolution of HSJs with different solar wind conditions. When the quasi‐parallel shock is formed, HSJs begin to appear in the quasi‐parallel magnetosheath. Some elongated HSJs formed at the quasi‐parallel bow shock extend toward the quasi‐perpendicular magnetosheath along with the background magnetosheath flow. As the elongated HSJs moves in the magnetosheath, filamentary structures of the velocity, ion density, and temperature occur in the magnetosheath. The filamentary structures are the traces of HSJs moving in the magnetosheath. Moreover, the Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability can be excited at HSJs, which causes meandering of HSJs. When the interplanetary magnetic field is aligned to the solar wind velocity, the large‐scale HSJs with a parallel (perpendicular) scale size of about 2.5 RE (0.3 RE) are formed at the magnetosheath where the θBn is approaching zero. Then, some HSJs converge, leading to the formation of even larger HSJs with a parallel (perpendicular) scale size of 5 RE (0.6 RE).
Subducting Indian Lithosphere Controls the Deep Carbon Emission in Lhasa Terrane, Southern Tibet
Authors: Zhao Wenbin , Guo Zhengfu , Zheng Guodong , Pinti Daniele L. , Zhang Maoliang , Li Jujing , Ma Lin
Published: June 2022

The India‐Asia orogenic zone is considered to participate significantly in the Earth's geological carbon budget. However, the carbon cycling process at orogenic belts with ongoing continental subduction is poorly constrained. Here, new He‐C‐N systematics of hydrothermal gases in Lhasa terrane are reported to explore carbon cycling and the role of the subducting Indian slab. Except for samples where the CO2 content and C isotopic signature were modified by calcite precipitation, gas samples in Lhasa terrane display low 3He/4He ratios of 0.015–0.895 RA but with increasing mantle‐helium input from south to north. Our modeling results show that the continuous subduction of the Indian continental slab has caused high Th‐U contents and time‐integrated 4He production rates in the present mantle wedge beneath the Lhasa terrane. The N‐S helium isotopic trend can be interpreted as a northward‐decreasing mantle enrichment. Compared to volatiles showing crustal helium but mantle‐like δ13C ratios, mantle‐helium‐richer fluids display heavier δ13C ratios, higher CO2/3He and molar C/N values, indicating a substantial carbonate input. We propose that the heavier carbon isotopes are inherited from the carbonated‐enriched mantle (CEM) rather than the carbonate assimilation of the overlying continental crust. Combined with an eastward increase in dip angle of the Indian lithosphere, we suggest that the slab rollback has caused asthenosphere heat flow and consequent decarbonation in CEM beneath northern and eastern Lhasa terrane, leading to enhanced isotopically heavier carbon release. Our study highlights the controlling role of subducting Indian lithosphere on the regional distribution of volatiles in the Lhasa terrane.
A New Parameterization of Coastal Drag to Simulate Landfast Ice in Deep Marginal Seas in the Arctic
Authors: Liu Yuqing , Losch Martin , Hutter Nils , Mu Longjiang
Published: June 2022

Landfast ice is nearly immobile sea ice attached to the coast. Landfast ice inhibits atmosphere‐ocean fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum, leads to offshore flaw polynyas, and stores fresh river water in wintertime. Despite these important roles in coastal environments, landfast ice is not well simulated in current sea ice models, because landfast ice dynamics differ from the pack ice in the interior Arctic and require explicit parameterization. The dynamical mechanisms for landfast ice formation are linked to the local geography. Grounded ice ridges act as anchor points in shallow water. Coastlines and offshore island chains may also be pinning points between which arches of landfast ice can form in deep water. The grounding mechanism for landfast ice in shallow marginal seas has been successfully parameterized using bathymetry information, but this grounding scheme fails in deep regions. We describe a new landfast ice parameterization that uses lateral drag as a function of sea ice thickness, drift velocity, and local coastline length. The simulated landfast ice in a 36 km pan‐Arctic sea ice‐ocean simulation is compared to observations from satellite data and the effect of the new lateral drag parameterization is evaluated. The combination of the established grounding scheme for shallow water and the new lateral drag parameterization for deep water leads to an improved and realistic landfast ice distribution in most marginal seas in the Arctic. These results suggest that multiple mechanisms are at work to create and maintain landfast ice in marginal seas.
CD147 a direct target of miR-146a supports energy metabolism and promotes tumor growth in ALK+ ALCL
Authors: Montes-Mojarro Ivonne-Aidee , Steinhilber Julia , Griessinger Christoph M. , Rau Achim , Gersmann Ann-Kathrin , Kohlhofer Ursula , Fallier-Becker Petra , Liang Huan-Chang , Hofmann Ute , Haag Mathias , Klapper Wolfram , Schaeffeler Elke , Pichler Bernd J. , Schwab Matthias , Fend Falko , Bonzheim Irina , Quintanilla-Martinez Leticia
Published: June 2022

We recently reported that miR-146a is differentially expressed in ALK+ and ALK− anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). In this study, the downstream targets of miR-146a in ALK+ ALCL were investigated by transcriptome analysis, identifying CD147 as potential target gene. Because CD147 is differentially expressed in ALK+ ALCL versus ALK− ALCL and normal T cells, this gene emerged as a strong candidate for the pathogenesis of this tumor. Here we demonstrate that CD147 is a direct target of miR-146 and contributes to the survival and proliferation of ALK+ ALCL cells in vitro and to the engraftment and tumor growth in vivo in an ALK+ ALCL-xenotransplant mouse model. CD147 knockdown in ALK+ ALCL cells resulted in loss of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expression, reduced glucose consumption and tumor growth retardation, as demonstrated by [18F]FDG-PET/MRI analysis. Investigation of metabolism in vitro and in vivo supported these findings, revealing reduced aerobic glycolysis and increased basal respiration in CD147 knockdown. In conclusion, our findings indicate that CD147 is of vital importance for ALK+ ALCL to maintain the high energy demand of rapid cell proliferation, promoting lactate export, and tumor growth. Furthermore, CD147 has the potential to serve as a novel therapeutic target in ALK+ ALCL, and warrants further investigation.
Eruption of ultralow-viscosity basanite magma at Cumbre Vieja, La Palma, Canary Islands
Authors: Castro Jonathan M. , Feisel Yves
Published: June 2022

The viscosity of magma exerts control on all aspects of its migration through the crust to eruption. This was particularly true for the 2021 eruption of Cumbre Vieja (La Palma), which produced exceptionally fast and fluid lava at high discharge rates. We have performed concentric cylinder experiments to determine the effective viscosities of the Cumbre Vieja magma, while accounting for its chemistry, crystallinity, and temperature. Here we show that this event produced a nepheline-normative basanite with the lowest viscosity of historical basaltic eruptions, exhibiting values of less than 10 to about 160 Pa s within eruption temperatures of ~1200 to ~1150 °C. The magma’s low viscosity was responsible for many eruptive phenomena that lead to particularly impactful events, including high-Reynolds number turbulent flow and supercritical states. Increases in viscosity due to crystallization-induced melt differentiation were subdued in this eruption, due in part to subtle degrees of silica enrichment in alkaline magma.
Signature of Kondo hybridisation with an orbital-selective Mott phase in 4d Ca2−xSrxRuO4
Authors: Kim Minsoo , Kwon Junyoung , Kim Choong H. , Kim Younsik , Chung Daun , Ryu Hanyoung , Jung Jongkeun , Kim Beom Seo , Song Dongjoon , Denlinger Jonathan D. , Han Moonsup , Yoshida Yoshiyuki , Mizokawa Takashi , Kyung Wonshik , Kim Changyoung
Published: June 2022

The heavy fermion state with Kondo-hybridisation (KH), usually manifested in f-electron systems with lanthanide or actinide elements, was recently discovered in several 3d transition metal compounds without f-electrons. However, KH has not yet been observed in 4d/5d transition metal compounds, since more extended 4d/5d orbitals do not usually form flat bands that supply localised electrons appropriate for Kondo pairing. Here, we report a substitution- and temperature-dependent angle-resolved photoemission study on 4d Ca2−xSrxRuO4, which shows the signature of KH. We observed a spectral weight transfer in the γ-band, reminiscent of an orbital-selective Mott phase (OSMP). The Mott localised γ-band induces the KH with an itinerant β-band, resulting in spectral weight suppression around the Fermi level. Our work demonstrates the evolution of the OSMP with possible KH among 4d electrons, and thereby expands the material boundary of Kondo physics to 4d multi-orbital systems.
Reading and writing habits compensate for aging effects in speech connectedness
Authors: Malcorra Bárbara L. C. , Mota Natália B. , Weissheimer Janaina , Schilling Lucas P. , Wilson Maximiliano A. , Hübner Lilian C.
Published: June 2022

We investigate the association of short- and long-range recurrences (speech connectedness) with age, education, and reading and writing habits (RWH) in typical aging using an oral narrative production task. Oral narrative transcriptions were represented as word-graphs to measure short- and long-range recurrences. Speech connectedness was explained by the combination of age, education, and RWH, and the strength of RWH’s coefficient reflects the aging effect.
A 10-hour within-participant magnetoencephalography narrative dataset to test models of language comprehension
Authors: Armeni Kristijan , Güçlü Umut , van Gerven Marcel , Schoffelen Jan-Mathijs
Published: June 2022

Recently, cognitive neuroscientists have increasingly studied the brain responses to narratives. At the same time, we are witnessing exciting developments in natural language processing where large-scale neural network models can be used to instantiate cognitive hypotheses in narrative processing. Yet, they learn from text alone and we lack ways of incorporating biological constraints during training. To mitigate this gap, we provide a narrative comprehension magnetoencephalography (MEG) data resource that can be used to train neural network models directly on brain data. We recorded from 3 participants, 10 separate recording hour-long sessions each, while they listened to audiobooks in English. After story listening, participants answered short questions about their experience. To minimize head movement, the participants wore MEG-compatible head casts, which immobilized their head position during recording. We report a basic evoked-response analysis showing that the responses accurately localize to primary auditory areas. The responses are robust and conserved across 10 sessions for every participant. We also provide usage notes and briefly outline possible future uses of the resource.
Mobile device-based Bluetooth Low Energy Database for range estimation in indoor environments
Authors: Pascacio Pavel , Torres-Sospedra Joaquín , Jiménez Antonio R. , Casteleyn Sven
Published: June 2022

The demand to enhance distance estimation and location accuracy in a variety of Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) indoor environments has boosted investigation into infrastructure-less ranging and collaborative positioning approaches. Unfortunately, capturing the required measurements to support such systems is tedious and time-consuming, as it requires simultaneous measurements using multiple mobile devices, and no such database are available in literature. This article presents a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) database, including Received-Signal-Strength (RSS) and Ground-Truth (GT) positions, for indoor positioning and ranging applications, using mobile devices as transmitters and receivers. The database is composed of three subsets: one devoted to the calibration in an indoor scenario; one for ranging and collaborative positioning under Non-Line-of-Sight conditions; and one for ranging and collaborative positioning in real office conditions. As a validation of the dataset, a baseline analysis for data visualization, data filtering and collaborative distance estimation applying a path-loss based on the Levenberg-Marquardt Least Squares Trilateration method are included.
Using the integrative model of behavioural prediction to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy behaviour
Authors: Romate John , Rajkumar Eslavath , Greeshma Rajgopal
Published: June 2022

The officials realized that the vaccination drive alone would not be  sufficient, but the individual's response towards getting vaccinated needs to be assessed and addressed, especially in India, where the diverse culture could widely affect the population's vaccination behaviour. The study aimed to identify the predictors of vaccine hesitancy behaviour using the health belief model and theory of planned behaviour and understand mediating and moderating influence of knowledge and social support on the relationship between the predictors and vaccine hesitancy behaviours among the Indian population. Data was collected from 1006 samples. Regression analysis was performed to assess the variances exerted on vaccine hesitancy behaviours. Also, SEM AMOS was employed to examine the mediation and moderation effects of knowledge about vaccines and social support. The findings indicated that around 11% of the respondents were hesitant to get vaccinated. The combined models of HBM and TPB provide high predictive power. The analysis also revealed that knowledge about vaccine significantly mediates partially between a few constructs of HBM and TPB concerning hesitancy. This study provides the theoretical framework and suggests that the health belief model and the theory of planned behaviour model could explain the psychological influences of vaccine hesitancy in India.
Association of protein function-altering variants with cardiometabolic traits: the strong heart study
Authors: Shan Yue , Cole Shelley A. , Haack Karin , Melton Phillip E. , Best Lyle G. , Bizon Christopher , Kobes Sayuko , Köroğlu Çiğdem , Baier Leslie J. , Hanson Robert L. , Sanna Serena , Li Yun , Franceschini Nora
Published: June 2022

Clinical and biomarker phenotypic associations for carriers of protein function-altering variants may help to elucidate gene function and health effects in populations. We genotyped 1127 Strong Heart Family Study participants for protein function-altering single nucleotide variants (SNV) and indels selected from a low coverage whole exome sequencing of American Indians. We tested the association of each SNV/indel with 35 cardiometabolic traits. Among 1206 variants (average minor allele count = 20, range of 1 to 1064), ~ 43% were not present in publicly available repositories. We identified seven SNV-trait significant associations including a missense SNV at ABCA10 (rs779392624, p = 8 × 10–9) associated with fasting triglycerides, which gene product is involved in macrophage lipid homeostasis. Among non-diabetic individuals, missense SNVs at four genes were associated with fasting insulin adjusted for BMI (PHIL, chr6:79,650,711, p = 2.1 × 10–6; TRPM3, rs760461668, p = 5 × 10–8; SPTY2D1, rs756851199, p = 1.6 × 10–8; and TSPO, rs566547284, p = 2.4 × 10–6). PHIL encoded protein is involved in pancreatic β-cell proliferation and survival, and TRPM3 protein mediates calcium signaling in pancreatic β-cells in response to glucose. A genetic risk score combining increasing insulin risk alleles of these four genes was associated with 53% (95% confidence interval 1.09, 2.15) increased odds of incident diabetes and 83% (95% confidence interval 1.35, 2.48) increased odds of impaired fasting glucose at follow-up. Our study uncovered novel gene-trait associations through the study of protein-coding variants and demonstrates the advantages of association screenings targeting diverse and high-risk populations to study variants absent in publicly available repositories.
Chemical effects induced by the mechanical processing of granite powder
Authors: Sanna Anna Laura , Carta Maria , Pia Giorgio , Garroni Sebastiano , Porcheddu Andrea , Delogu Francesco
Published: June 2022

Starting from 1970s, the use of mechanical forces to induce chemical transformations has radically changed vast areas of metallurgy and materials science. More recently, mechanochemistry has expanded to core sectors of chemistry, showing the promise to deeply innovate chemical industry while enhancing its sustainability and competitiveness. We are still far, however, from unveiling the full potential of mechanical activation. This study marks a step forward in this direction focusing on the chemical effects induced on the surrounding gaseous phase by the mechanical processing of granite. We show that fracturing granite blocks in oxygen can result in the generation of ozone. The refinement of coarse granite particles and the friction between fine ones are also effective in this regard. Combining experimental evidence related to the crushing of large granite samples by uniaxial compression and the ball milling of coarse and fine granite powders, we develop a model that relates mechanochemical ozone generation to the surface area effectively affected by fracture and frictional events taking place during individual impacts. We also extend the investigation to gaseous phases involving methane, oxygen, benzene and water, revealing that chemical transformations occur as well.
Genome-wide specificity of plant genome editing by both CRISPR–Cas9 and TALEN
Authors: Bessoltane Nadia , Charlot Florence , Guyon-Debast Anouchka , Charif Delphine , Mara Kostlend , Collonnier Cécile , Perroud Pierre-François , Tepfer Mark , Nogué Fabien
Published: June 2022

CRISPR and TALENs are efficient systems for gene editing in many organisms including plants. In many cases the CRISPR–Cas or TALEN modules are expressed in the plant cell only transiently. Theoretically, transient expression of the editing modules should limit unexpected effects compared to stable transformation. However, very few studies have measured the off-target and unpredicted effects of editing strategies on the plant genome, and none of them have compared these two major editing systems. We conducted, inPhyscomitrium patens, a comprehensive genome-wide investigation of off-target mutations using either a CRISPR–Cas9 or a TALEN strategy. We observed a similar number of differences for the two editing strategies compared to control non-transfected plants, with an average of 8.25 SNVs and 19.5 InDels for the CRISPR-edited plants, and an average of 17.5 SNVs and 32 InDels for the TALEN-edited plants. Interestingly, a comparable number of SNVs and InDels could be detected in the PEG-treated control plants. This shows that except for the on-target modifications, the gene editing tools used in this study did not show a significant off-target activity nor unpredicted effects on the genome, and did not lead to transgene integration. The PEG treatment, a well-established biotechnological method, in itself, was the main source of mutations found in the edited plants.
Detection of bulk feed volume based on binocular stereo vision
Authors: Liu Zhihai , Dai Zhenrui , Zeng Qingliang , Liu Jinxia , Liu Feiyi , Lu Qing
Published: June 2022

The volume detection of medical mice feed is crucial to understand the food intake requirements of mice at different growth stages and to grasp their growth, development, and health status. Aiming at the problem of volume calculation in the way of feed bulk in mice, a method for detecting the bulk volume of feed in mice based on binocular stereo vision was proposed. Firstly, the three-dimensional point coordinates of the feed's surface were calculated using the binocular stereo vision three-dimensional reconstruction technology. The coordinates of these dense points formed a point cloud, and then the projection method was used to calculate the volume of the point cloud; and finally, the volume of the mice feed was obtained. We use the stereo matching data set provided by the Middlebury evaluation platform to conduct experimental verification. The results show that our method effectively improves the matching degree of stereo matching and makes the three-dimensional point coordinates of the obtained feed's surface more accurate. The point cloud is then denoised and Delaunay triangulated, and the volume of the tetrahedron obtained after the triangulation is calculated and summed to obtain the total volume. We used different sizes of wood instead of feed for multiple volume calculations, and the average error between the calculated volume and the real volume was 7.12%. The experimental results show that the volume of the remaining feed of mice can be calculated by binocular stereo vision.