bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
أصلاح التعليم في الحوزات العلمية في النجف الأشرف أبان العهد الملكي وصراع الأصالة والتجديد
Authors: أ.م.د. حسين عبد الواحد بدر
Published: January 2020

هذا بحث بعنوان " أصلاح التعليم في الحوزات العلمية في النجف الأشرف أبان العهد الملكي وصراع الأصالة والتجديد" يتناول البحث واحدة من أقدم المدارس الدينية في العالم الأسلامي، الأمر الذي يكسبه أهمية بحثية،ناهيك عن أهمية الحديث عن الحياة الفكرية في واحدة من أهم مدن العالم الأسلامي بعد مكة والمدينة المنورة وهي النجف الأشرف .تكون البحث من مقدمة وضحت أهمية الموضوع وطبيعة الدراسة في الحوزات العلمية ونطاق البحث، وثلاث مباحث اولها عن أهمية الأصلاح في هذه الحوزات وثانيها عن أول هذه المشاريع الأصلاحية الذي تبناه الشيخ محمد الحسين ال كاشف الغطاء وثالثهما تطرق للمشروع الثاني الذي تبنته جمعية منتدى النشر النجفية الأصلاحية ... وختم البحث بخاتمة لأهم الأستنتاجات التي توصل اليها البحث وهي :-  1- ان مرحلة تأسيس الدولة العراقية الحديثة افرزت متطلبات ملحة لأصلاح التعليم الديني في الحوزات العلمية بما يتوافق وروح العصر واستقطاب الشباب لهذه الدراسات .2- احدث طرح الأصلاح صراعا بين القوى المحافظة والتيار الأصلاحي تمخض عنه انفتاح في اجواء الحياة الفكرية والأدبية في  بيئة النجف المحافظة ومثل ذلك مكسبا لهذه المدينة.3- لم تتمكن مشاريع الأصلاح من ان تأتي اوكلها بما يشتهيه القائمين عليها بسبب قوة المحافظين من جهة ومن جهة اخرى عدم ملامسة هذه المشاريع لمعادلة المواءمة بين الأصالة والتجديد من دون المساس بخصوصية هذه الحوزات وهذا متأتي من غياب الأقناع للقوى المحافظة بأهمية الأصلاح وغياب الوسطية في الطرح او ما يمكن تسميته بالتدرج البطيء والرصين في الوقت ذاته، اذ غلبت الرغبة الجامحة بالأصلاح على ذلك .
تغيير استعمالات الارض عن التصميم الاساسي لمدينة بغداد
Authors: م. حنان حسين دريول
Published: January 2020

ان الكثير من التغيرات التي تواجه مدننا اليوم يصعب ان تندرج ضمن توقعات المخططين ، وذلك ان تغيير نوع استعمالات الارض وبشكل مستمر اثر على تغيير الانماط الموقعية لاستعمالات الارض وتوزيعها وانواعها داخل المدينة وانتظام هذه التجاوزات في شكل انماط موقعية انطلاقا من انها اصبحت استعمالاً جديداً وان كان عشوائياً فرضه واقع الحال ومنها مدينة بغداد لاسيما مع تغيير خارطة وخطة توزيع استعمالات الارض حسب التصميم الانمائي الشامل لعام 2000 نتيجة التجاوزات على تصميمها الاساس عن طريق زيادة مساحة بعض الاستعمالات وزحف بعضها الاخر خاصة فيما يتعلق بالزحف على المناطق المفتوحة والاراضي ذات الاستعمال الزراعي والتجاوز عليها من قبل الاستعمالات الاخرى لاسيما الاستعمال السكني والحضري.

لذا هدف البحث الوقوف على مقدار الخلل الحاصل في استعمالات الارض نتيجة لعملية التغيير المستمر لاستعمالها ، توصل البحث الى مجموعة من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والتي اعطت معالجات لمنع او الحد من ظاهرة التجاوز والتقليل من اثارها المستقبلية من خلال اعادة النظر بالمخطط العام ( الهيكلي ) على اساس واقع الحال والاهداف السياسية والاقليمية للمدينة.
English Department Students' Attitudes towards Teaching Profession
Authors: Dr. Hanan Dhia Akef Alsalihi
Published: January 2020

Attitudes refer to the inside tendency and thoughts that reflect when a person is displayed to some phenomenon. The main objectives of the present research are to: discover EFL students' attitudes towards teaching profession, and find out if there is a statistical significant difference in attitudes between students at the college of Education "Ibn Rushd" and students at the college of Education for women in Baghdad University? and to discover, if there is a statistical significant difference in attitudes between males and females? The sample is 90 students are selected from in-service training teachers \ fourth stage at college of education Ibn_Rushd and college of education for women. The researcher uses an attitude scale as a tool which consists of a 20 item "likert scale" consists of six subscales. Each one has a statement that pertains to a particular aspect of possibility and assessing teacher’s vocational attitudes. The results show that EFL female students' as well as males do have real tendency toward teaching profession, the Mean values shows that no significant difference between the two colleges (college of education for women & college of Ibn Rushd) about their attitude which means both of them show favourable attitude toward teaching profession.
شخصية النبي محمد صلى الله عليه واله واثرها في شعر شوقي وليرمونتوف (دراسة مقارنة )
Authors: د.ورود ناجي العارضي
Published: January 2020

يمثل ميخائيل ليرمونتوف مكانة بارزة في الادب الروسي ، ذلك لما احتواه نتاجه الادبي من واقعية اصيلة وفن متميز . ولم يتعرف القارئ العربي على هذا الاديب الروسي الذي ورث عرش بوشكين ، يرتبط ليرمنتوف بشعراء الحركة الديسمبرية وهو اخراهم ممثل لاتجاه الرومانسية الثورية وله مكانته الخاصة في الادب الروسي ، وعبر انتاجه عن مرحلة الثلاثينيات . وتحول ليرمنتوف من المذهب الرومانسي الى التصوير الواقعي للحياة وظهر ذلك في نتاجه النثري ومثلما نظم بوشكين العملاق عن النبي محمد ص قصيدته ( النبي) ، جاء ليرمنتوف ونظم قصيدة النبي راسما صورة محاطا بالإجلال والاحترام لقائد الامم . وموضحا العذاب الذي تحمله من اعدائه ويدور البحث حول محور تأثر الشاعر بالرسول الكريم (ص) تحديدا في قصيدته (النبي)  والاجابة عن سؤال مهم هو ألم  يجد الشاعر شخوصا وابطالا ينفث من خلالها مأساته ويتخذهم قدوة ؟  ولكون الشاعر ليس مسلما ، ماذا وجد  في النبي محمد(ص)من  المعاني اﻻنسانية التي لم  تقف عند حدوده بل خرجت واصبحت منارة وقبلة لجميع البشر. وللإجابة عن هذه الاسئلة  التي  تكون اجابات موضوعية ستطرح في البحث ، بعد عرض وتحليل لقصيدة البردة للشاعر العربي احمد شوقي  (امير الشعراء) ومقارنتها بقصيدة ليرمنتوف والوصول الى  الفكر التربوي الذي سيضحي واضحا للعيان ومستمدا من حياة وفكر النبي محمد صلى الله عليه واله وعطائه الى الامم .
Incuria et vandalismus – sudbina arhiva augustinskog samostana sv.
Jeronima u Rijeci
Authors: Medved Marko
Published: January 2020

Augustinski samostan sv.
Jeronima podignula je najstarija redovnička zajednica u Rijeci. Od početaka u
14. stoljeću, pa do ukidanja samostana 1788. godine, augustinci pustinjaci
obilježili su grad i širu riječku okolicu u vjerskom, kulturnom i ekonomskom
pogledu. Rad opisuje negativne posljedice jozefinističkoga zatvaranja samostana
na augustinsko arhivsko gradivo, što se odrazilo i na nedovoljni
historiografski interes prema povijesti te zajednice. Autor daje presjek
sačuvanoga gradiva koncem pedesetih godina 20. stoljeća vraćena iz Budimpešte,
od kojega je najvrjednije vrelo samostanski protokol. Navode se podatci i o
arhivskom gradivu diljem Europe, iz svjetovnih i crkvenih ustanova, neophodnom
za historiografsku prosudbu povijesti augustinaca pustinjaka u Rijeci.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTRADIALYSIS STATIC BIKE EXERCISE TOWARD FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Authors: Desnita Ria , Sapardi Vivi Syofia
Published: January 2020

Background: Patients with terminal renal failure require renal replacement therapy in the form of hemodialysis. Although already have hemodialysis therapy, there is still buildup of metabolic waste in patientsâ€™ body that results in a decrease in functional capacity. Decreased functional capacity in hemodialysis patients causes limitations in carrying out physical activities that reduces their quality of life. However, intradialysis physical exercise by using static bike can be a therapy to increase patientsâ€™ functional capacity.Objective: This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of static bike exercise toward functional capacity in hemodialysis patients.Method: This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental method using pre and post approach with control group design. Intervention and control groups were included in this study. There were 20 people in each group that were selected through consecutive sampling technique as samples of this study. The study was carried out in the hemodialysis room of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil, Padang.Result: The analysis was done using Paired T-Test with a degree of confidence of 95% and showed that intradialysis static bike exercise effectively increased the functional capacity in hemodialysis patients (p = 0.001).Conclusion: Intradialysis static bike exercise can be used as a nursing intervention to increase the functional capacity in hemodialysis patients.Â Key words: Hemodialysis, exercise, functional capacity.
Continental shelf: scientific reality versus legal fiction
Authors: Harakaľová Dorota
Published: January 2020

The article analyzes and compares the scientific and legal concept of the continental shelf: Is the legal definition of shelf identical to the scientific concept? The aim of the article is to point out differences in the legal definition of continental shelf, which was designed to provide the greatest benefits to coastal states. The legal continental shelf is important because of the acknowledging the rights of sovereign rights to the shelf resources of the coastal state. The coastal state has exclusive rights to exploit the living and non-living resources of the shelf and its subsoil, and other states may not interfere with these rights. The first legal definition of the shelf took into account the criteria of exploitability. The definition of shelf, as codified in UNCLOS, despite the strict criteria for extending the shelf linked to the seabed geology and geomorphology, is a legal fiction.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance in Aeromonas species Isolated from Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Cultivated in Floating Cages at Al-Hilla River
Authors: Al-Haider Sadeq M. , Al-Niaeem Khalidah S. , Resen Amjed K.
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study is describe the case of ulcer and hemorrhaging (red-sore disease) in a common carp (C. carpio) that is cultivated in floating cages at Al-Hilla river and to finding efficient antibiotic treatments. A total of 144 specimens of the common carp were examined for ulcer with hemorrhaging during the period from December 2017 till the end of November 2018. In this study, red-sore disease was found in 45 specimens. This disease is caused by the infection of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS). Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria and A. veronii were isolated from the skin, gills and intestine of common carp. Aeromonas species were identified with a different percentage in common carp as the follows: A. hydrophila (58.76%), A. sobria (31.83%) and A. veronii (43.3%). Antibiotic susceptibility test of 12 antibiotics (Piperacillin/ Tazobactan, Amikacin, Cefazolin, Gentamicin, Cefoxitin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, Levofloxacin, Cefepime, Tigecycline, Imipenem and Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazoleby) showed variable resistances for Aeromonas species. Aeromonas species were identified and examined for antibiotic susceptibility using the VITEK 2 system.
Consumo de Marihuana en Adolescentes Puertorriqueños: Factores Protectores Frente a una Mayor Accesibilidad
Authors: Rodríguez-Rios Luismiguel , Cabiya-Morales José J. , Sánchez-Cardona Israel , Cruz-Santos Andrés A.
Published: January 2020

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia del consumo de marihuana y otras drogas en adolescentes puertorriqueños. Además, pretendía examinar factores asociados a la reducción del consumo de marihuana en dicha población. Se realizó un análisis secundario de datos con una muestra de 8,092 participantes que completaron la Consulta Juvenil IX. Los resultados muestran que el alcohol (44.5%) continúa siendo la droga de mayor consumo entre los adolescentes; no obstante, por primera vez, la marihuana ocupa el segundo lugar (12.1%) entre las drogas de mayor consumo. Por su parte, los resultados del análisis de regresión logística binaria sugieren que la vinculación familiar positiva, la actitud negativa hacia el consumo de marihuana y la percepción del riesgo son factores asociados a una disminución en la probabilidad de consumo de marihuana. No así, la ocupación de tiempo libre y el recibir apoyo terapéutico. Este estudio provee evidencia favorable sobre la disminución en la percepción de riesgo en adolescentes, y la posible normalización del consumo de la marihuana ante una mayor accesibilidad. Así mismo, provee oportunidades para el diseño de programas dirigidos a la prevención y reducción de daños en adolescentes en Puerto Rico.
EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE RECIPROCAL TEACHING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS IX SMP NEGERI 4 TAKENGON
Authors: Harahap Rosliana
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Reciprocal Teaching terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa kelas IX SMP Negeri 4 Takengon. Adapun rumusan masalahnya apakah metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Reciprocal Teaching efektif terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa kelas IX di SMP Negeri 4 Takengon. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IX yang ada pada SMP Negeri 4 Takengon, sampel digunakan 28 pada masing-masing kelas eksprimen dan kelas kontrol. Hasil pembelajaran pada kelas eksprimen diperoleh tes awal (pretest) siswa  = 53,60 dan S= 8,82 sedangkan nilai tes akhir (postest) diperoleh  = 83,60 S=8,82. Pada kelas kontrol hasil pembelajaran nilai tes awal (pretest) siswa =50,92 dan S= 9,36 sedangkan nilai tes akhir (postest) diperoleh = 76,10 dan S= 9,33. Pengujian hipotesis diperoleh thitung ttabel yaitu 3,72>2,007 sehingga dapat disimpulkan ha diterima dan menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan kelas kontrol dan kelas eksprimen terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Aktifitas siswa kelas eksperimen diperoleh 80,6% sedangkan pada kelas kontrol diperoleh 77,6% dengan kategori baik. Aktifitas guru kelas eksperimen diperoleh 77,8% sedangkan pada kelas kontrol diperoleh 75,5% dengan kategori baik. Respon siswa menunjukan sangat positif dilihat dari penilaian angket yang disebar kelas eksprimen dengan nilai rata-rata yaitu 3,47. yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan efektivitas kemampuan komunikasi matematis antara siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan pembelajaran Reciprocal Teaching dengan siswa yang diajar menggunakan pembelajaran STAD pada kelas IX SMPN 4 Takengon.
Aprendizajes informales. Perspectivas teóricas y relatos de aprendizajes
Authors: Martín Rocío Belén , Donolo Danilo Silvio
Published: January 2020

Este artículo tiene como propósito profundizar en desarrollos teóricos y empíricos sobre el aprendizaje informal. El aprendizaje informal es un tópico que refiere al aprendizaje de las personas a través de diversos entornos sociales: en el hogar, en actividades con amigos, viajes, centros comunitarios, iglesias, etc. El escrito comienza con una pequeña revisión exploratoria sobre el término y sus variaciones, y luego se realiza una recopilación de relatos sobre algunos ejemplos de aprendizaje informal. En este intento, Ciencias, TIC, Trabajo, Artes, Relaciones Sociales y Habilidades para la Vida podrían ser pensados como formas de aprendizaje informal. La variedad de construcciones para llamar al aprendizaje, la multiplicidad de intentos de definirlo, y configurarlo, son importantes para re-construir y desarrollar nuevos marcos teóricos sobre el concepto en el campo de la Psicología Educacional.
A Heuristic Based On Makespan Lower Bounds in Flow Shops with Multiple Processors
Authors: Srinivasan Vikram , Santos Daryl
Published: January 2020

Minimum makespan scheduling of Flow Shops with Multiple Processors (FSMPs), also known as the Hybrid Flow Shop (HFS), is classified as NP complete. Thus, the FSMP largely depends on strong heuristics to develop solutions to makespan scheduling instances. An FSMP consists of m stages wherein each stage has one or more processors through which n jobs are scheduled. This paper presents a heuristic based on the lower bound developed in a prior work in order to determine good makespan solutions in the FSMP environment. In the environment studied in this work, the multiple machines available at a particular processing stage are identical processors. In order to evaluate the proposed heuristic, its performance is compared to makespans obtained via the use of modified pure flow shop heuristics. Results show that the proposed heuristic is indeed a strong heuristic for the FSMP and it provides makespans that are better than those provided by some of the already existing pure flow shop heuristics that have been adapted for the FSMP environment.
Amelioration of Capacity Constraints in Manufacturing Systems Using Alternate Production Sequence
Authors: Shah Dhagash , Krishnan Krishna , Dhuttargaon Mukund
Published: January 2020

Today’s market is in a constant flux of demand changes.  Due to this the product demand and the product mix continuously change from one time-period to the next.  For a company to be profitable and competitive, it has to ensure that all of its resources are optimally utilized.  These resources include facility layout, material handling, and production system.  Previous research has shown that the system state has to be identified prior to increasing capacity to mitigate the constraint.  As the demand and product mix change, a facility layout that was efficient can soon become inefficient or the cost of production and material handling increase.  This research evaluates usage of alternate part sequence as a means to eliminate or reduce production system constraints.  It focuses on reducing machine usage when the selected process sequence leads to production capacity constraints.
Next Generation Universal Ground Control System HMI Design
Authors: Anderson Cory , Efaw Arianna , Emery Edward , Mueller John , Schreiner James
Published: January 2020

The existing Human Machine Interface (HMI) for the Army’s Universal Ground Control Station (UGCS) represents a 1980s, windows-based technology which is neither intuitive nor scalable for operators. It creates high levels of cognitive load on the operators, and its closed architecture limits its adaptability for UAS missions as technologies evolve. This research presents a methodology for creating and evaluating next generation HMI designs while leveraging GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) and TELLUS flight simulation software in the creation of five HMI prototype designs. A proof of concept approach in the evaluation of prototypes was performed with five UAS Aircraft Operators (15W MOS) and five USMA cadets; examination of the impact of age and experience on the perceived value of new HMI designs will influence recommendations on full experimental design. The value-focused approach to design presented in this paper and prototype designs provide a basis for full prototype development and experimental testing through PM UAS with the Intelligence and Maneuver Centers of Excellence. Results include a trade space and sensitivity analysis towards development of improved HMI designs. The methodology and high performing prototypes for HMI design will be integrated by the PM UAS CSI Project Office for further development and full experimental analysis.
Value Modeling and Trade-Off Analysis of the Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit
Authors: Fairbrass Elliot , Genders Leonard , Perez-Ortega Giovanni , Swisher Clint , Mittal Vikram
Published: January 2020

The Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit (TALOS) is a powered, armored exoskeleton designed to enhance an operator’s survivability, lethality, and mobility. The suit is a SOCOM initiative using rapid acquisition practices with a functional prototype expected in 2018. Value modeling allows the TALOS design teams to rapidly perform design trade analysis while ensuring that the proposed system is in-line with the operator’s needs. A stochastic value model was built for the power subsystem through an analysis of the requirements to develop value hierarchies, swing-weight matrices, and value functions. An Excel based tool performed trade-off analysis to determine the best design solution. This tool accounts for uncertainty in raw data values to create distributions in the cost and value of each design alternative, which is critical for assessing risk. The model was expanded to other subsystems as well as the suit as a whole.
Understanding Social Barriers and the Diffusion of Acceptance of Women in the Infantry: A System Dynamics Approach
Authors: Stokes Delainey , Wisniewski Jillian
Published: January 2020

This study uses system dynamics simulation to explore structural and socio-psychological dynamics associated with the United States Army’s gender integration initiatives for its infantry branch. In 2015, the Army’s Training and Doctrine Analysis Center (TRAC) published the “Gender Integration Study” and the “Ranger Assessment Study,” providing findings that helped shape the Army’s gender integration initiatives across its combat arms branches. The focus of these and many other gender integration studies predominantly focus on whether gender differences, physiological and/or psychological, affect one’s ability to meet requisite performance standards in combat arms branches. As an essential complement to the existing and ongoing performance-focused research, system dynamics modeling will provide a basis to assess social barriers that exist with the Army and American culture, inhibiting broad acceptance of women in the infantry.
System Dynamics as a Foreign Policy Tool to Resolve the North Korean Dilemma
Authors: Cagney Brendon , Wong Ernest
Published: January 2020

Since its establishment as a nation-state after World War II, North Korea has undermined regional stability and has increased the threat to global security. The North Korean regime has shown time and time again that it will stop at nothing to maintain its power and portray itself as a strong and prosperous nation. Today the worry over North Korea extends well beyond its substantial conventional firepower—its asymmetric gains in chemical, biological, nuclear, and cyber warfare capabilities have given rise to a new set of complexities that frustrate international accord. Kim Jong-Un, North Korea’s current Supreme Leader, has pressed vehemently against the challenges he perceives from adversaries, both foreign as well as domestic, in order to promote his nation’s self-interest. As a consequence, the international community typically responds in kind with political and economic sanctions intended to curb further North Korean provocations. However, history has repeatedly shown how such sanctions serve as merely temporary measures that postpone continued advances in North Korea’s military effectiveness. In this paper, the authors leverage system dynamics to better characterize the current situation in North Korea and attempt to provide useful insights into understanding why the Kim Jong-Un regime behaves in the way that it does. By doing so, the authors encourage policy makers to employ system dynamics as a foreign policy tool to come up with more effective ideas and solutions for dealing with today’s North Korean dilemma.
Green and Environment Conscious Manufacturing and Management Techniques
Authors: Askew Luke , Desai Anoop
Published: January 2020

Contemporary industry is beginning to realize the negative impact that they have on the environment in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, destruction of natural habitats, hazardous waste emissions, etc. This new found consciousness has prompted a second look on part of the manufactures at how modern manufacturing practices can be modified so as to be more environmentally friendly.  Environmental impact of manufacturing can be minimized in various ways. In this context, management is often called upon to provide active leadership in managing their facilities so as to minimize their environmental impact.  Some examples of such activities include green supply chains and design for disassembly.  Such activities help to create a closed loop product lifecycle that is required to reduce the amount of raw material used and the amount of waste created by production. Similarly using design for manufacturability principles aid in the minimization of raw material used and waste generated as well.   Also, facilities are starting to move away from reactive approaches to environmental issues.  They are now using proactive approaches and value seeking approaches where the environmental issues are dealt with before they are created.  This paper presents an overview of environment conscious manufacturing practices that seek to minimize the negative environmental impact of manufacturing. Being a literature review, this paper primarily deals with state of the art in current practice pertaining to green manufacturing.
Usability Evaluation of Mobile Weather Hazard Alert Applications
Authors: Khamaj Abdulrahman , Kang Ziho
Published: January 2020

Cell phones enable us to receive and respond to critical incidents, such as: severe storms, tornadoes, and flash floods. However, due to the small display size of cell phones, and regardless of simplified symbols or alert messages, it is possible to overlook users’ ability to interact with the available features and understand the messages in a timely manner. Untrained and trained users of the Weather Radio application participated in an experiment to perform three search tasks; (task 1: location search, task 2: alert settings, and task 3: map settings). In task 4, they evaluated two types of weather alert messages: original National Weather Service (NWS) messages vs. filtered (proposed) messages. By recording users’ completion time on the search tasks, the results showed that the time of the typing in text bar method for task 1 was significantly less than the pin on map method, while much more time was required to complete tasks 2 and 3 by the untrained users compared to the trained users. It was also revealed that the proposed messages were more effective than the original messages by both user groups. This research of user-centered designs provides a foundation to support the designs of time-critical mobile alert systems.
Analysis of Cyber Security Methodologies: A Direct Comparison of Current Versus Possible DoD Cyber Assets
Authors: Kumar Sai , Mittal Vikram
Published: January 2020

Recent years and modern warfare have shown an increasing reliance on the cyber domain to maintain national and military operability, resulting in cyber exploits having a more profound impact on victim nations. As the United States seeks to maximize its ability to capitalize on these exploits and minimize its susceptibility, a decision must be made on the most effective way to accomplish these tasks. Currently, each major department within the Department of Defense (DoD) are methodically building up their own cyber assets to accomplish these tasks as they relate to their traditional domain. There has been a recent proposal to do away with this system structure and instead create a separate Cyber Department, on the same level as the Army, Navy, etc. This paper evaluates the comparative value between the two proposals through value modeling. The value model is based on each alternative’s ability to achieve the end state cyber goals of the DoD and the nation as a whole. Strong indicators point towards a separate Cyber Department as the most valuable alternative available to achieve the nation’s goals, and that there are current weaknesses within our current cyber structure that are open for exploitation.
Quantifying the Effects of Weapon Weight on Lethality through Holistic Modeling
Authors: Byers Justin , Leemans Ryan , McDermott Stephanie , Mittal Vikram
Published: January 2020

Though it is widely known that weapon weight affects shooter stability, the quantitative effects on lethality and survivability are not well known. This issue stems from weapon lethality primarily being captured by equipment properties. A more holistic analysis can be performed by treating the soldier as a system by incorporating human factors with equipment performance specifications. This analysis requires the building of human factor models to appropriately capture lethality. The model development effort started with the collecting of data from experiments where the shot group accuracy was measured for weighted rifles. The resulting data was used to generate a mathematical model. This model, along with other human factor models, was integrated into the Weapon Lethality Service (WLS), a cloud-based simulation. The WLS was then set up to represent possible combat situations; the results were used to quantify the change in soldier lethality and survivability from changing the weapon weight.
Anomaly Detection and Accuracy Measurement for Categorical Data
Authors: Grubaugh Kameron , Zimmerman Zachary , McAfee Nicholas , McGowan Emily , Evangelista Paul
Published: January 2020

The Department of Defense (DoD) recently initiated an effort to compile all inter-service maintenance data for equipment and infrastructure, requiring the consolidation of maintenance records from over 40 different data sources.  This research evaluates and improves the accuracy of this maintenance data warehouse by means of value modeling and statistical methods for anomaly detection. The first step in this work included the categorization of error-identifying metadata, which was then consolidated into a weighted scoring model. The most novel aspect of the work involved error identification processes using conditional probability combinations and likelihood measures. This analysis showed promising results, successfully identifying numerous invalid maintenance description labels through the use of conditional probability tests. This process has potential to both reduce the amount of manual labor necessary to clean the DoD maintenance data records and provide better fidelity on DoD maintenance activities.
Simulating Army Rail Yard Operations at the Port of Bremerhaven
Authors: Bieger Joshua , Ferrer Jadalaine , Riedlinger Dillon , Xu William , Demarest Jeffrey
Published: January 2020

To maintain the United States military’s capability to deploy rapidly across the globe, logistical planning tools, simulations, and models enhance leaders’ decision making abilities. This research develops a discrete event model designed to simulate military operations within a railyard in order to support the Engineer Research and Development Center’s (ERDC) Planning Logistics Analysis Network System (PLANS). The research team chose the Port of Bremerhaven, Germany as a case study due to its relevance to current military operations, granting us access to timely data and stakeholders with recent operational experience. The discrete event simulation (DES) utilizes stochastic processes and multiple layouts in order to analyze the amount of time it takes to move varying amounts of cargo and vehicles and identify potential bottlenecks in the operation.
A Value Model Approach to Reduce PM Cargo’s Costs for the CH-47F Chinook Helicopter
Authors: Shi Heidy , Garcia Carlos , Kesti Jack , Lee Christopher , Hughes David
Published: January 2020

The CH-47F is a multifaceted system incorporating a series of technological improvements that aim to improve flight crews’ performance. The new Chinook model marks a transition away from platforms with steam gauge based cockpits, federated mission systems equipment, and analog flight control augmentation systems. The aircraft has a highly integrated glass cockpit and digital flight control augmentation system reducing the crew’s workload and improving other capabilities, such as auto-hovering. This allows pilots to focus on aspects essential for mission success while operating in challenging environments. PM Cargo is responsible for maintaining the CH-47F to meet these demands, however, this has significant financial challenges to consider. PM Cargo asked us to produce courses of action that will reduce costs while also adding value to the CH-47F program. This will ensure the CH-47F, through PM Cargo’s stewardship, remains a staple of the United States Army into the future.
Representation of Search and Target Acquisition Protocol in Models and Simulation
Authors: Lovell Gabrielle , Gabrovic Amelia , Higgins Tipper , Evangelista Paul
Published: January 2020

This research evaluates the representation of individual Soldier Search and Target Acquisition (STA) protocols in models and simulation and identifies gaps in the current methodology and implementation. The primary contributions of this research include a synthesis of related literature, an algorithmic exploration of the current STA algorithms implemented in military simulation models, a functional analysis of three systems with a significant relationship to STA, and a determination of gaps and proposed solutions to improve the representation of human STA in military simulation models. The analysis highlighted gaps in three important STA representations: (1) field of view search, (2) identification in a field of view, and (3) information acquisition and situational awareness. Implications and recommendations to resolve these gaps are discussed.
United Health Services: Transportation Optimization
Authors: Drake Megan , Li Haoming , Sacchetti Enzo , Saez Inigo , Shutler Christopher
Published: January 2020

This project is based off the desire to improve the efficiency and customer service of the United Health Services transportation departments to minimize fuel costs, turnaround time, mileage, and duplicate deliveries by May 2019. United Health Services, a medical care provider in southern New York State, has two delivery and transportation departments that service 60 facilities. Materials Handling has two drivers and a weekly schedule and oversees the delivery of various medical supplies such as bandages, syringes, and crutches. External Transportation is staffed by 12 drivers and delivers time sensitive, patient-oriented supplies such as clean and used linen, specimens, and mail, utilizing a daily schedule. The goal of the project is to merge the two departments, focusing on route schedules and the loading and unloading processes, to improve the information flow and product flow of both operations.
Describing Success by Gender Through the U.S. Army Officer Evaluation System
Authors: Senft Ellie , Caddell John , Lensing Julia
Published: January 2020

The United States Army uses both subjective and objective evaluation methods when assessing the performance of duties and potential for future service in the Officer Evaluation Report (OER). Males and females proportionally receive the same objective ratings, but on the surface, it is difficult to determine whether subjective ratings are equal. This paper seeks to examine the different ways success is described in each gender and how the OER follows or deviates from these trends. Upon examination of narratives written on the evaluation reports, many of the same words are used to describe success of males and females in the narratives written by their raters. The similarities amongst the reports suggest that the narratives follow a standardized format which may devalue their purpose of providing individualized feedback to the officer and to promotion boards.
Optimal Supply Chain Network with Multi-Echelon
Authors: Alsalem Zaher Hamad , Harikrishnakumar Ramkumar , Maru Vatsal , Krishnan Krishna
Published: January 2020

The study of the effect of redistribution strategy and aggregation, on a multi-echelon supply chain network by managing demand volatility is discussed in this research. For this an operational supply chain design is considered. Multi-echelon network consisting of manufacturing plants, distribution centers, warehouses, and retailers is used to develop the case study. Aggregation strategy was analyzed in the context of single product and multi-product for a multi-period production problem under demand uncertainty. Product sourcing between echelons and distribution strategies are considered for the study. Objective was to use the redistribution strategy to optimize the objective functions for the network. The objective functions include minimization of total cost, minimization of overage and stock-out conditions, and maximization of the customer service level. The total cost function includes product flow, transportation cost and distance cost. The mathematical formulation is carried out in Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) with the help of Generic Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS). Problem formulation considers three type of demand based on volatility and uncertainty cases as high, medium, and low. The research is divided into three main phases to discuss an optimal multi-echelon supply chain network for single product using aggregation strategy.
A Pareto Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Approach to Military Installation Rail Infrastructure Investment
Authors: Lesinski Eugene , Corns Steven
Published: January 2020

Decision making for military railyard infrastructure is an inherently multi-objective problem, balancing cost versus capability. In this research, a Pareto-based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm is compared to a military rail inventory and decision support tool (RAILER). The problem is formulated as a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm in which the overall railyard condition is increased while decreasing cost to repair and maintain. A prioritization scheme for track maintenance is introduced that takes into account the volume of materials transported over the track and each rail segment’s primary purpose. Available repair options include repairing current 90 gauge rail, upgrade of rail segments to 115 gauge rail, and the swapping of rail removed during the upgrade. The proposed Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm approach provides several advantages to the RAILER approach. The MOEA methodology allows decision makers to incorporate additional repair options beyond the current repair or do nothing options. It was found that many of the solutions identified by the evolutionary algorithm were both lower cost and provide a higher overall condition that those generated by DoD’s rail inventory and decision support system, RAILER. Additionally, the MOEA methodology generates lower cost, higher capability solutions when reduced sets of repair options are considered. The collection of non-dominated solutions provided by this technique gives decision makers increased flexibility and the ability to evaluate whether an additional cost repair solution is worth the increase in facility rail condition.
Improving the Efficiency of Military Vehicle Outload and Deployment
Authors: Herbert Samuel , Krueger Christine , Mittal Vikram , Lesinski Gene
Published: January 2020

The United States military must maintain the ability to rapidly deploy, world-wide, under severe time constraints. As a result, units and organizations have developed standardized, documented processes and procedures to quickly deploy personnel, equipment, and supplies. This research examines a typical military vehicle outload process, models the process with a discrete-event simulation, and identifies opportunities to increase process efficiency. The recommended improvements are incorporated within the simulation to identify the impacts of the changes. Model analysis reveals that an increase in a critical resource (i.e. vehicle inspection teams) can significantly reduce the time required to process a 350-vehicle fleet. Additionally, automating the hazardous material (HAZMAT) documentation and vehicle weight and center of balance computations resulted in time savings, although less significant. It is possible to implement these two automated activities across all installations, further improving deployment operations. With only minor modifications, the presented model can be adjusted to replicate other installation deployment processes and can have significant impacts on how the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force deploy equipment.
A Q-RUNG ORTHOPAIR FUZZY GLDS METHOD FOR INVESTMENT EVALUATION OF BE ANGEL CAPITAL IN CHINA
Authors: Liao Huchang , Zhang Hongrun , Zhang Cheng , Wu Xingli , Mardani Abbas , Al-Barakat Abdullah
Published: January 2020

As a generalized form of both intuitionistic fuzzy set and Pythagorean fuzzy sets, the q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (q-ROFS)
has strong ability to handle uncertain or imprecision decisionmaking problems. This paper aims to introduce a new multiple criteria decision making
method based on the original gain and lost dominance score (GLDS) method for investment evaluation. To do so, we first propose a new distance measure
of q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (q-ROFNs), which takes into account the hesitancy degree of q-ROFNs. Subsequently, two methods are developed
to determine the weights of DMs and criteria, respectively. Next, the original GLDS method is improved from the aspects of dominance flows and
order scores of alternatives to address the multiple criteria decision making problems with q-ROFS information. Finally, a case study concerning
the investment evaluation of the BE angle capital is given to illustrate the applicability and superiority of the proposed method.
Neutral Heating Efficiency in the Dayside Martian Upper Atmosphere
Authors: Gu H. , Cui J. , Niu D.-D. , Cao Y.-T. , Wu X.-S. , Li J. , Wu Z.-P. , He F. , Wei Y.
Published: January 2020

The neutral heating efficiency is commonly defined as the fraction of the solar extreme ultraviolet and X-ray energy absorbed by a planetary atmosphere that ends up as local heat. It is a crucial parameter that determines the upper atmospheric temperature and, consequently, the thermal escape rate on both solar system bodies and exoplanets. Combining the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution measurements of a variety of atmospheric parameters, we calculate the neutral heating efficiency in the dayside Martian upper atmosphere based on a complicated network of microscopic processes, including photon and photoelectron impact processes, as well as exothermic chemical reactions. Our calculations indicate that neutral heating is mainly contributed by photon impact at low altitudes, of which the bulk occurs via CO2 photodissociation, and exothermic chemistry at high altitudes, of which the bulk occurs via

and

dissociative recombination. Collisional quenching of metastable neutrals and ions, which is of great interest in the literature, contributes to local heating by no more than 10% at all altitudes. In the dayside median sense, the neutral heating efficiency remains roughly constant at 20% from 150 to 200 km and increases steadily to 32% near 250 km. The heating efficiency at 150–200 km shows a weak correlation with solar zenith angle, increases modestly with increasing solar activity, and is clearly enhanced over strong crustal magnetic anomalies. Throughout the study, strict local heating is assumed, but nonlocal heating does not affect our results near or below 200 km.
Hα Emission and the Dependence of the Circumgalactic Cool Gas Fraction on Halo Mass
Authors: Zhang 张 Huanian 华 年 , Yang 杨 Xiaohu 小 虎 , Zaritsky Dennis , Behroozi Peter , Werk Jessica
Published: January 2020

We continue our empirical study of the emission line flux originating in the cool (T ∼ 104 K) gas that populates the halos of galaxies and their environments. Specifically, we present results obtained for a sample of nearly half a million individual galaxies, groups, and clusters of galaxies, intersected by more than two million SDSS lines of sight at projected separations of up to a quarter of the virial radius. Adopting simple power-law relationships between the circumgalactic (CGM) cool gas fraction and either the halo or stellar mass, we present expressions for the CGM cool gas fraction as a function of either halo or stellar mass,

 × 

or

 × 

. Where we can compare, our results are consistent with previous constraints from absorption line studies, our own previous emission line work, and simulations. The cool gas can be the dominant baryonic CGM component, comprising a fraction as high as >90% of halo gaseous baryons, in low-mass halos, M

h
 ∼ 1010.5
M
⊙, and a minor fraction, <5%, in groups and clusters, M

h
 > 1014
M
⊙.
Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Antlia B: Star Formation History and a New Tip of the Red Giant Branch Distance
Authors: Hargis J. R. , Albers S. , Crnojević D. , Sand D. J. , Weisz D. R. , Carlin J. L. , Spekkens K. , Willman B. , Peter A. H. G. , Grillmair C. J. , Dolphin A. E.
Published: January 2020

A census of the satellite population around dwarf galaxy primary hosts in environments outside the Local Group is essential to understanding Λ cold dark matter galaxy formation and evolution on the smallest scales. We present deep optical Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the gas-rich, faint dwarf galaxy Antlia B (M

V
 = −9.4)—a likely satellite of NGC 3109 (D = 1.3 Mpc)—discovered as part of our ongoing survey of primary host galaxies similar to the Magellanic Clouds. We derive a new tip of the red giant branch distance of D = 1.35 ± 0.06 Mpc (m − M = 25.65 ± 0.10), consistent with membership in the nearby NGC 3109 dwarf association. The color–magnitude diagram (CMD) shows both a prominent old, metal-poor stellar component and confirms a small population of young, blue stars with ages ≲1 Gyr. We use the CMD fitting algorithm MATCH to derive the star formation history (SFH) and find that it is consistent with the typical dwarf irregular or transitional dwarf galaxy (dTrans) in the Local Group. Antlia B shows relatively constant stellar mass growth for the first ∼10–11 Gyr and almost no growth in the last ∼2–3 Gyr. Despite being gas-rich, Antlia B shows no evidence of active star formation (i.e., no Hα emission) and should therefore be classified as a dTrans dwarf. Both Antlia B and the Antlia dwarf (dTrans) are likely satellites of NGC 3109, suggesting that the cessation of ongoing star formation in these galaxies may be environmentally driven. Future work studying the gas kinematics and distribution in Antlia B will explore this scenario in greater detail. Our work highlights the fact that detailed studies of nearby dwarf galaxies in a variety of environments may continue to shed light on the processes that drive the SFH and evolution of dwarf galaxies more generally.
Quasi-simultaneous Spectroscopic and Multiband Photometric Observations of Blazar S5 0716+714 During 2018–2019
Authors: Feng Hai-Cheng , Liu H. T. , Bai J. M. , Xing L. F. , Li Y. B. , Xiao M. , Xin Y. X.
Published: January 2020

In order to study short timescale optical variability of γ-ray blazar S5 0716+714, quasi-simultaneous spectroscopic and multiband photometric observations were performed from 2018 November to 2019 March with the 2.4 m optical telescope located at Lijiang Observatory of Yunnan Observatories. The observed spectra are well fitted with a power law F

λ
 = Aλ
−α
(spectral index α > 0). Correlations found between

,

,

,

, and

are consistent with the trend of bluer-when-brighter (BWB). It is the same case for colors, magnitudes, color variation rates, and magnitude variation rates of photometric observations. The variations of α lead those of F

λ
. Also, the color variations lead magnitude variations. The observational data are mostly distributed in the I(+,+) and III(−,−) quadrants of the coordinate system. Both spectroscopic and photometric observations show BWB behaviors in S5 0716+714. The observed BWB may be explained by the shock-jet model, and its appearance may depend on the relative position of the observational frequency ranges with respect to the synchrotron peak frequencies, e.g., at the left of the peak frequencies. Fractional variability amplitudes are F
var ∼ 40% for both spectroscopic and photometric observations. Variations of α indicate variations of relativistic electron distribution producing the optical spectra.