bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SME Financing in Africa: Collateral Lending vs Cash Flow Lending
Authors: Amoako-Adu Ben , Eshun Joseph P.
Published: May 2018

It is argued that economic growth in Africa will be enhanced by the expansion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) but these businesses face financing constraints which tend to hinder their business success. Starting from a discussion of the various sources of financing for SMEs in Africa, it is established that the most effective and cheapest source of capital for the SMEs is debt financing from banking and other microfinance institutions because of lender monitoring and the tax-deductibility of the interest expense. However, collateral requirement which tends to be a major significant factor for mitigating the credit risk of the SMEs presents a problem to lending institutions because of market illiquidity, legal, administrative, and valuation difficulties. SMEs tend to be owned by low income entrepreneurs and families who normally do not have tangible, valuable and liquid collaterals, and even when collaterals are offered, it is a challenge to determine their market value. Often these problems result in the rejection of SME loan applications. As a solution to this problem, the paper introduces a concept of cash flow lending as a better alternative to the traditional asset-backed lending. While asset-backed or collateral lending emphasizes loan default and recovery from collaterals, cash flow lending is based on projected corporate positive cash flows, the required return of equity, equity valuation of the business, and finally, on the risk-sharing principle between the lender and borrower. For the loan application to be approved, the requested loan and all existing debts of the SME should be less than the equity value of the company as estimated from the free cash flow model.
CO2 Selective, Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-7 Based Polymer Composite Mixed-Matrix Membranes
Authors: Chakrabarty Tina , Neelakanda Pradeep , Peinemann Klaus-Viktor
Published: May 2018

CO2 removal is necessary to mitigate the effects of global warming but it is a challenging process to separate CO2 from natural gas, biogas, and other gas streams. Development of hybrid membranes by use of polymers and metal-organic framework (MOF) particles is a viable option to overcome this challenge. A ZIF-7 nano-filler that was synthesized in our lab was embedded into a designed polymer matrix at various loadings and the performance of the mixed matrix membranes was evaluated in terms of gas permeance and selectivity. Hybrid membranes with various loadings (20, 30 and 40 wt%) were developed and tested at room temperature by a custom made time lag equipment and a jump in selectivity was observed when compared with the pristine polymer. A commercially attractive region for the selectivity CO2 over CH4 was achieved with a selectivity of 39 for 40 wt% particle loading. An increase in selectivity was observed with the increase of ZIF-7 loadings. Best performance was seen at 40% ZIF-7 loaded membrane with an ideal selectivity of 39 for CO2 over CH4. The obtained selectivity was 105% higher for CO2 over CH4 than the selectivity of the pristine polymer with a slight decrease in permeance. Morphological characterization of such developed membranes showed an excellent compatibility between the polymer and particle adhesion.
Het dossier als fundament voor de rechterlijke beslissing
Authors: van Toor D.A.G.
Published: May 2018

Het dossier als fundament voor de rechterlijke beslissing

Het dossier speelt in het Nederlandse strafprocesrecht een centrale rol. Zonder het dossier kunnen de snelheid en de efficiëntie van het huidige (en toekomstige) strafproces niet worden gewaarborgd. De processtukken zijn leidend tijdens de voorbereiding van de rechters en de griffier voorafgaand aan en tijdens het onderzoek ter terechtzitting. Deze werkwijze – het voorbereiden van het onderzoekt ter terechtzitting aan de hand van het dossier – volgt niet dwingend uit enige wettelijke bepaling. De rechterlijke voorbereiding van het onderzoek ter terechtzitting aan de hand van het dossier krijgt weinig aandacht in de rechtswetenschappelijke literatuur en het rechtspsychologische experimentele onderzoek. Hiervoor zou meer aandacht moeten bestaan omdat uit het wel beschikbare experimentele onderzoek blijkt dat de voorbereiding op basis van het dossier significante invloed heeft op het uiteindelijke rechterlijke oordeel. In deze bijdrage staat de kwestie centraal of de Modernisering van het Wetboek van Strafvordering aanpassingen in het wettelijk kader betreffende het dossier voorziet, en of deze aanpassingen veranderingen teweegbrengen in het gebruik van het dossier ten behoeve van de voorbereiding van het onderzoek ter terechtzitting.
Clinical assessment of Citrosept Dental effectiveness in treatment of Candida-associated denture stomatitis, in patients using removable acrylic dentures
Authors: Jaworska-Zaremba Marta
Published: May 2018

Introduction. For patients using removable dentures the level of comfort and thus the life quality has substantially increased with the development of prosthetic dentistry. However, denture stomatitis, especially accompanied by fungal infections, remains a problem and affects many patients using prosthetic restorations. It is mainly caused by an increasing resistance of fungi to antifungal medications. Aim of the study. To assess clinically the effectiveness of a herbal grapefruit seed extract product called Citrosept Dental in treating Candida-associated denture stomatitis, in patients using acrylic removable dentures. Materials and methods. The studied group included 32 patients (18 women and 14 men) of the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, aged 41 to 83 years (average age 62 years), with symptoms of denture stomatitis accompanied by fungal infections, which were confirmed by a mycological test (group 1). Patients with a positive mycological test result used 1% Citrosept Dental gel on mucosal lesions three times a day after meals, for three weeks. Results. The lesions disappeared completely in 24 patients (75%) after three weeks of Citrosept Dental application. The mucosa of 13 patients with type 1 stomatitis (81.25%) was pink and healthy; that was also the case of 78.57% patients with diffuse erythema. In the three remaining patients with type 2 stomatitis lesions healed after using Citrosept Dental and only had single pinpoints of hyperaemia. There was no change in the oral mucosa of the patient with type 3 stomatitis. Conclusions. Citrosept Dental in in vivo studies reduced denture-associated mucosal inflammations in patients with denture stomatitis accompanied by fungal infections, and also produced resolution of subjective symptoms in a significant majority of patients.
Dietary habits and awareness of healthy eating among students of different types of higher education courses based on questionnaire survey
Authors: Tworkowski Kamil , Filimoniuk Marta , Pękała Gabriela , Taraszkiewicz-Sulik Katarzyna
Published: May 2018

Introduction. The period of higher education, between 19 and 25 years of age, is often connected with the change of dietary habits of a young person. “Student lifestyle” can lead to systemic diseases, including lesions and diseases of the oral cavity. Aim of the study. To perform analysis of dietary habits and awareness of healthy eating among students. Materials and methods. A total of 328 respondents took part in the survey, including 287 women and 41 men. The study was based on a 50-question questionnaire. The questionnaire provided the sociodemographic information as well as changes in students’ dietary habits during the course of their education, the quality, frequency and type of consumed meals and the regularity and duration of their consumption. Results. 75.6% of respondents reported that they had changed their diet during studies. 18.6% of students increased the frequency of meals and 48.2% decreased the frequency of meals. Both men and women most often consumed 3-4 meals a day. It was noticed that the respondents regularly had breakfast, dinner, and lunch, with up to 25.6% of students claiming to have the biggest meal late in the evening and at night. 70.9% of students reported breaks between their meals lasting longer than three hours. It was noticed that 38.8% had the last meal later than two hours before bedtime. Frequent snacking between meals was declared by 39.6%. Conclusions. During the university studies, students change their dietary habits. Students are aware of the principles of proper nutrition, but it is not reflected in their lifestyle.
COOPERATION WITH REGARD TO INNOVATION ILLUSTRATED BY CLUSTER INITIATIVES
Authors: Kładź-Postolska Katarzyna
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper is to explain the role of clusters and cluster initiatives in the development of innovation processes. The work contains analysis of knowledge and innovation transfer within clusters and statistics overview with regard to innovation activity of enterprises cooperating in the framework of cluster initiatives.
INNOVATIVE POTENCIAL IN INSURANCE – THE INDIVIDUAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CUSTOMERS EVALUATION
Authors: Olszewska Dorota , Synowiec Jadwiga
Published: May 2018

Dynamically changing insurance market and the growing expectations of customers and business partners, intensified competition cause the need of constant introduction or improvement of modern solutions. It is highly connected to innovations. It should be stressed that the transformation of Polish economy and the process of emerging of more and more new private companies caused, on the one hand the reduction of government role in economy and on the other hand it forced companies to obey free market rules, which characterizes the adjusting to environment and the growing share in the market. For the positive creation of corporate image the open attitude of managers and directors becomes extremely important. They are aware of the importance of innovation in company life. This novelty is being spotted by the surroundings of the company, and specifically by its business partners. The positive assessment of innovation is often the starting point of making new business relations. The negative assessment can make them difficult. A good company image is nowadays one of the most basic company aims, and the condition of business success. The creation of good company image by emphasizing the high level of innovation among potential customers (insurance agents, brokers) became one of the basic tasks for insurance companies, because the growth of the company depends on customers. Insurers being aware of the importance of innovation are forced to create such systems, which allows the introduction of new technologies in the process of selling new policies in every distribution channel. The aim of this article is to present the essence of the innovation on the insurance market and to show its significance in the customers appreciation.
This article consists of two parts. The first part is theoretical and presents the characteristic of insurance market innovation and its significance in the development of branch. The second part of this publication contains empirical material such as data taken from survey studies conducted in 2016, in the field of innovation evaluation seen from main insurance participants perspective (individual and institutional customers). The research was conducted in Wielkopolska area on the sample of 180 individual and 151 institutional customers (MSP).
THE PREMISES OF COAL INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING PROCESS IN POLAND
Authors: Kotelska Jolanta
Published: May 2018

Many years of coal industry restructuring in Poland gave no expected results.
Many countries in the world face problems with the coal industry. Due to its complexity and different conditions there is not known the universal standard of restructuration standard which could be implemented into Polish conditions and needs. There are many analysis on enterprise restructuring, also in coal mine industry. The following analysis tries to find the premises of success of restructuring processes of coal mine industry in Poland. To find the answer the analysis of problem was done on the basis of domestic and foreign publications. Conclusions of the text are the results of observation done by the author with the observation of the mentioned population from inside. The consideration was initiated with introduction to the enterprise restructuring process description. Next the essence, meaning and goals of the process were mentioned with determinants and conditions having influence to the restructuring process together with premises of the coal industry restructuring process in Poland. The final conclusions concern the discussed scientific problem.
Become What You Receive
Authors: Mabee Zachary M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

Much work in the philosophy of religion has been devoted to exploring the virtue of faith. Very little of it, however, has done so from the perspective of Christian worship and liturgical practice. In this essay, I explore the virtue of faith, articulated in a traditionally Catholic manner, as it is practiced, engaged, and deepened through participation in the Eucharist. I begin by emphasizing both the cognitive and the volitional dimensions of a robust conception of the virtue of faith and then show how devout Eucharistic practice confirms and strengthens them, affording believers a unique opportunity to deepen their belief and concretely strengthen their trust in God. I conclude by noting how a Eucharistic approach to faith can avoid a common criticism—that faith is exceedingly passive—and also help us to understand why faith and religious practice can so easily become stagnant.
Rare Book and Special Collections in Overview: Producing a National Directory
Authors: Attar Karen
Published: May 2018

Describing library collections by location is nothing new. In the mid-nineteenth century, Luther Farnham published A Glance at Private Libraries, about libraries in the Boston area of the United States. Reginald Arthur Rye produced his highly praised Students’ Guide to the Libraries of London in England just over fifty years later. That we, no less than our forebears, value such discovery tools collocating collections is evident from their continued publication, whether in print or, more recently, electronic form. National, annual library directories still produced include The American Library Directory. In Britain, the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (CILIP)’s Libraries and Information Services in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, a list of libraries by sector with contact details, remains available.
Touch Tables for Special Collections Libraries: Curators Creating User Experiences
Authors: Dysert Anna , Rankin Sharon , Wagner Darren N.
Published: May 2018

This article describes the implementation of touch table technology for McGill University Library’s special collections. The touch table was used by the Osler Library of the History of Medicine and the Marvin Duchow Music Library to create audiovisual exhibits to accompany traditional exhibition display cases. Each exhibition curator used a different software platform to create his or her touch table experience. This article explores the introduction of what is now a common technology in museums into the library setting and the attendant challenges, such as the need to create attractive and user-friendly experiences with limited resources and programmer time available. In particular, the article explores the library’s choices of software and hardware, providing lessons learned as well as some preliminary recommendations of best practices. It also analyzes the ways in which the touch table has proven to be an excellent addition to the library’s exhibition spaces, including its ability to unite disparate resources from multiple branch libraries, to act as a new point of librarian-faculty collaboration, and to display nontraditional items from library collections, such as recorded musical performances and archival video footage.
Analysis of Structural Steel Renewal Weight in Ship Repairing
Authors: Dev Arun Kr , Saha Makaraksha
Published: May 2018

Structural steel renewal (repair/replacement) is carried out as a part of routine maintenance of a ship during its service life. Structural steel renewal is a result of the structural deficiencies beyond the limit set by the classification societies, regarding either scantling (reduction in thickness) or structural deformations (yielding, buckling, bulging, etc.), or both. Reduction in thickness of steel (mainly caused by corrosion) and distortion (mainly caused by ship motion and damage due to cargo) are due to many particular natural phenomena. Structural steel replacement cost is the highest in a ship repairing invoice for a shipowner, and it also consumes the maximum resources from a shipyard. Hence, prior information about the scope of structural steel replacement might help the shipowner with proper budget allocation and schedule to meet the financial commitment. It may also help the shipyard to prepare a realistic time and berthing plan by optimizing its resource allocation and utilization. Information related to structural steel repair (weight in kg) for 123 cargo ships of various ages, deadweight, and types were collected from a single shipyard. Structural steel repairing data were then analyzed and presented in both tabular and graphical forms to show the behavior of structural steel repair as a function of age, deadweight, type, cubic number, and gross tonnage of ships. In this article, the authors have made an attempt to identify those independent variables that influence structural steel renewal (the dependent variable) and their interrelationship.

1. Introduction

Rules and regulations of classification societies (CS) and flag states require a ship to call to a shipyard for various inspections at various time intervals. Because of the rules and regulations of CS and the flag state, a ship requires carrying out various surveys at different intervals. These are the annual survey (at an interval of 12 months), the docking survey (at an average interval of 24–30 months and the ship needs to enter into a dry dock for underwater inspections), the special survey (every 5 years and the ship needs to enter into a dry dock for underwater inspections), and the intermediate survey (at an interval of 36 months after the second special survey). There are other equipment and machinery inspections according to the survey status based on the age of the individual ship. During this inspection, the classification society (represented by the CS surveyor) along with the shipowner determine and confirm the extent of structural steel renewal and the shipyard carries out the steel repair work with the satisfaction of both the CS Surveyor and the shipowner.
Use of the facial dismasking flap approach for surgical treatment of a multifocal craniofacial abscess
Authors: Ishii Yoshitaka , Yano Tomoyuki , Ito Osamu
Published: May 2018

The decision of which surgical approach to use for the treatment of a multifocal craniofacial abscess is still a controversial matter. A failure to control disease progress in the craniofacial region can potentially put the patient’s life at risk. Therefore, understanding the various ways to approach the craniofacial region helps surgeons to obtain satisfactory results in such cases. In this report, we describe a patient who visited the emergency department with a large swelling in his right cheek. A blood test and computed tomography revealed odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. The patient developed sepsis due to a progressive multifocal abscess. An abscess was seen in the temporal muscle, infratemporal fossa, and interorbital region. To control this multifocal abscess, we used the facial dismasking flap (FDF) approach. After debridement using the FDF approach, we succeeded in obtaining sufficient drainage of the abscess, and the patient recovered from sepsis. The advantages of the FDF approach are that it provides a wide surgical field, extending from the parietal region to the mid-facial region, and that it leaves no aesthetically displeasing scars on the face. The FDF approach may be one of the best options to approach multifocal abscesses in the craniofacial region.
Immediate breast reconstruction following nipple-sparing mastectomy in an Asian population: Aesthetic outcomes and mitigating nipple-areolar complex necrosis
Authors: Pek Wan-Sze , Tan Bien-Keem , Ru Ng Yvonne Ying , Kiak Mien Tan Veronique , Rasheed Mohamed Zulfikar , Kiat Tee Tan Benita , Ong Kong Wee , Ong Yee Siang
Published: May 2018

Background Nipple-sparing mastectomies (NSMs) are increasingly performed to obtain the best aesthetic and psychological outcomes in breast cancer treatment. However, merely preserving the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) does not guarantee a good outcome. Darkly pigmented NACs and a tendency for poor scarring outcomes are particular challenges when treating Asian patients. Herein, we review the reconstructive outcomes following NSM at Singapore General Hospital.

Methods All breasts reconstructed following NSM over an 11-year period from 2005 to 2015 were reviewed. Information was collected from the patients’ records on mastectomy indications, operative details, and complications. Patient satisfaction, breast sensation, and aesthetic outcomes were evaluated in 15 patients. Sensation was quantified using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test.

Results A total of 142 NSMs were performed in 133 patients for breast cancer (n=122, 85.9%) or risk reduction (n=20, 14.1%). Of the procedures, 114 (80.2%) were autologous reconstructions, while 27 (19.0%) were reconstructions with implants. Complications occurred in 28 breasts (19.7%), with the most common complication being NAC necrosis, which occurred in 17 breasts (12.0%). Four breasts (2.8%) had total NAC necrosis. The overall mean patient satisfaction score was 3.0 (good). The sensation scores were significantly diminished in the skin envelope, areola, and nipple of breasts that had undergone NSM compared to non-operated breasts (P<0.05). Half of the subset of 15 patients in whom aesthetic outcomes were evaluated had reduced nipple projection.

Conclusions Immediate reconstruction after NSM was performed with a low complication rate in this series, predominantly through autologous reconstruction. Patients should be informed of potential drawbacks, including NAC necrosis, reduced nipple projection, and diminished sensation.
Trends in breast reconstruction: Implications for the National Health Insurance Service
Authors: Hong Ki Yong , Son Yoosung , Chang Hak , Jin Ung Sik
Published: May 2018

Background Breast reconstruction has become more common as mastectomy has become more frequent. In Korea, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) began covering breast reconstruction in April 2015. This study aimed to investigate trends in mastectomy and breast reconstruction over the past 10 years and to evaluate the impact of NHIS coverage on breast reconstruction.

Methods Nationwide data regarding mastectomy and breast reconstruction were collected from the Korean Breast Cancer Society registry database. Multiple variables were analyzed in the records of patients who underwent breast reconstruction from January 2005 to March 2017 at a single institution.

Results At Seoul National University Hospital, the total number of reconstruction cases increased 13-fold from 2005 to 2016. The proportion of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) cases out of all cases of total mastectomy increased from 4% in 2005 to 52.0% in 2016. The proportion of delayed breast reconstruction (DBR) cases out of all cases of breast reconstruction and the overall number of DBR cases increased from 8.8% (20 cases) in 2012 to 18.3% (76 cases) in 2016. After NHIS coverage was initiated, the proportions of IBR and DBR showed statistically significant increases (P<0.05). Among the IBR cases, the percentage of prosthesis-based reconstructions increased significantly (P<0.05), but this trend was not found with DBR. Total mastectomy became significantly more common after the expansion of NHIS coverage (P<0.05).

Conclusions Over the last decade, there has been an increase in mastectomy and breast reconstruction, and the pace of increase accelerated after the expansion of NHIS coverage. It is expected that breast reconstruction will be a routine option for patients with breast cancer under the NHIS.
Weight analysis of mastectomy specimens and abdominal flaps used for breast reconstruction in Koreans
Authors: Yun Jiyoung , Jeong Hyung Hwa , Cho Jonghan , Kim Eun Key , Eom Jin Sup , Han Hyun Ho
Published: May 2018

Background Slim patients or those with large breasts may be ineligible for breast reconstruction with an abdominal flap, as the volume of the flap may be insufficient. This study aimed to establish that abdominal tissue–based breast reconstruction can be well suited for Korean patients, despite their thin body habitus.

Methods A total of 252 patients who underwent postmastectomy breast reconstruction with an abdominal flap from October 2006 to May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients’ age and body mass index were analyzed, and a correlation analysis was performed between the weight of the mastectomy specimen and that of the initial abdominal flap.

Results The average weights of the mastectomy specimen and initial abdominal flap were 451.03 g and 644.95 g, respectively. The ratio of the weight of the mastectomy specimen to that of the initial flap was 0.71±0.23. There was a strong positive linear relationship between the weight of the mastectomy specimen and that of the initial flap (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.728). Thirty nulliparous patients had a final-to-initial flap weight ratio of 0.66±0.11. The 25 patients who underwent a contralateral procedure had a ratio of 0.96±0.30. The adjusted ratio of the final flap weight to the initial flap weight was 0.66±0.12.

Conclusions Breast weight had a strong positive relationship with abdominal flap weight in Koreans. Abdominal flaps provided sufficient soft tissue for breast reconstruction in most Korean patients, including nulliparous patients. However, when the mastectomy weight is estimated to be >700 g, a contralateral reduction procedure may be considered.
Diseño y validación de un instrumento de observación para la valoración de un árbitro de baloncesto (IOVAB)
Authors: García-Santos D. , Ibáñez S. J.
Published: May 2018

El propósito de este estudio ha sido diseñar y validar un instrumento de observación para la valoración de un árbitro de baloncesto (IOVAB). En el proceso de validación y fiabilidad del instrumento participaron catorce jueces expertos. Los participantes debían cumplir cuatro de los seis criterios de inclusión establecidos. La validez de contenido se calculó mediante Aiken´s V y sus intervalos de confianza. Para analizar la fiabilidad se empleó el coeficiente α de Cronbach. El instrumento de observación se encuentra dividido en seis bloques: uniformidad, presencia y condición física, señalización y mecánica general de arbitraje, violaciones al reglamento, faltas personales, colaboración con el compañero y control de partido. Únicamente seis de los cincuenta ítems fueron eliminados por obtener valores de Aiken´s V suficientemente bajos. La fiabilidad del instrumento fue aceptable con un valor de .712. El IOVAB final se ha elaborado atendiendo a las valoraciones cualitativas y cuantitativas de los expertos.
Efectos del Modelo Ludotécnico en el aprendizaje técnico, competencia y motivación en la enseñanza del baloncesto en Educación Física
Authors: Rubio-Castillo A. D. , Gómez-Mármol A.
Published: May 2018

Esta investigación analiza el efecto del Modelo Ludotécnico sobre el aprendizaje técnico, la competencia y la motivación para la enseñanza del baloncesto. Para ello, se aplicó una unidad didáctica de 7 sesiones a 46 escolares de entre 16 y 17 años de edad. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron los cuestionarios de competencia motriz Test AMPET (AMPETe-R) de Ruiz-Pérez, Moreno-Murcia, Ramón-Otero y Alias-García (2015), el Cuestionario Motivacional Percibido en el Deporte 2 adaptado a la Educación Física (PMCSQ-2) de González-Cutre et al. (2008) y una hoja de observación diseñada ad hoc para el aprendizaje de la técnica. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias significativas en las variables de motivación y los niveles de Competencia Autopercibida mientras que en el aprendizaje técnico sí se han advertido mejoras en todos los gestos técnicos estudiados, especialmente en el de “posición de defensa”. Se concluye que el Modelo Ludotécnico puede ser considerado como una alternativa adecuada a la metodología tradicional si bien se requiere seguir profundizando en su implementación con nuevas investigaciones.
La línea de tres puntos y su influencia sobre la dinámica de juego en minibasket, el grado de satisfacción individual y competencia percibida de niños y niñas de la Región de Murcia
Authors: Mateo Mayol M. T. , Miranda León M. T. , Cárdenas Vélez D.
Published: May 2018

El presente estudio de investigación se circunscribe a la competición de minibasket de la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia, en la cual las reglas de juego establecen la presencia de una línea de tres puntos con unas características (forma y distancia) singulares. El objetivo fue comprobar la influencia de la modificación de la línea de tres puntos sobre el comportamiento individual y colectivo, así como el grado de satisfacción y competencia percibida de 43 jugadores (39 niños y 4 niñas) de cuatro equipos de minibasket inscritos en categoría alevín federada con una media de edad de casi 11 años. Para ello se organizó un torneo y se estableció un periodo de familiarización de dos semanas entre los dos días de competición. El juego de ataque experimentó cambios entre los que destacan, la ocupación más uniforme de los jugadores por el espacio, el incremento del tiempo de posesión del balón, un aumento proporcional del número de pases; los ataques adquirieron mayor profundidad  y se realizaron más lanzamientos de tres puntos. Igualmente, se detectó un leve incremento del nivel de disfrute y el grado de competencia percibida. En conjunto, los datos muestran la conveniencia de una modificación de la regla referida a la línea de 3 puntos para favorecer un proceso de formación más adecuado a las características de la población objeto de estudio.
Porter son identité à l’ère de la mondialisation
Authors: Abdmolaei Shirin , Hoodfar Homa , Kerbiriou Anne-Hélène
Published: May 2018

En dépit de nombreuses recherches et d’un nombre considérable de publications qui traitent de la complexité de la question du voile musulman et de sa versatilité, en Occident, le discours public et les interventions étatiques qui ont visé à l’interdire continuent pour une large part d’associer le port du voile aux représentations remontant à l’époque coloniale qui en faisaient un outil d’oppression et d’asservissement. Le sous-texte qui accompagne ce phénomène est que la visibilité corporelle des femmes dans les modes occidentales « modernes » constitue une étape nécessaire de l’émancipation des femmes des liens du patriarcat, afin qu’elles puissent affirmer leur agentivité. D’une manière quelque peu similaire, les islamistes politiques, qu’ils occupent des fonctions officielles ou qu’ils soient des acteurs non étatiques, tiennent à l’idée que le voile est un instrument essentiel de la préservation de la culture et de l’identité musulmanes, et que sa seule présence représente une contestation de l’impérialisme culturel. Considérant que les interventions étatiques, tant en contextes musulmans qu’occidentaux, ont rouvert les débats entourant l’habillement des femmes musulmanes, cet article, en passant en revue un certain nombre de discours et de publications, cherche à approfondir deux questions essentielles : 1) la perception du public occidental, qui associe le port du voile à l’oppression et qui méconnaît, et par conséquent nie, l’agentivité des musulmanes ; et 2) le rôle que joue le vêtement, en tant qu’institution politique en contextes nationalistes musulmans et non musulmans, dans l’inclusion ou l’exclusion des membres du corps civique. En examinant certaines modes alternatives qui se développent en Iran, en Turquie, en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, cet article souligne les diverses façons par lesquelles les femmes ont utilisé et remodelé le voile et les styles vestimentaires musulmans pour gagner du terrain et étendre leur sphère de pouvoir tout en résistant aux institutions patriarcales au sein des espaces musulmans ou laïcs, voire en les subvertissant. De fait, au moyen de la mode et du vêtement, les femmes élargissent leur rôle public tout en élaborant de nouvelles formes de féminité. Ce faisant, elles affirment leur agentivité, tout ayant accès à de nouvelles opportunités. Cet article suggère que le souci de réglementer l’habillement des femmes et les codes vestimentaires, à la fois en contextes musulmans et laïcs, provient du désir de présenter une démocratie unifiée plutôt que pluraliste, et une identité nationale qui se traduit souvent par des pratiques d’exclusion.
Comment réaliser la piété dans l’immanence ?
Authors: Mossière Géraldine
Published: May 2018

Notre terrain ethnographique mené en France et au Québec auprès de femmes entrées dans l’islam a mis en évidence la centralité du travail sur le soi(djihad an-nafs) dans le processus de conversion. Si cette herméneutique du soi correspond à une lecture théologique de l’être musulman et de sa formation, ces exercices de composition du sujet s’opèrent également à l’intersection de deux systèmes culturels et sociaux en tension, celui d’origine et celui choisi. Comment les femmes rencontrées s’approprient-elles ces deux univers de sens et de normes ? Quelles nouvelles possibilités sociales et politiques ces processus de subjectivation ainsi négociés ouvrent-ils ? Dans cet article, nous décrivons les activités caritatives, comportements d’entraide et engagement sociaux que les nouvelles musulmanes organisent comme une forme depraxis inhérente à leur compréhension de l’islam. C’est dans l’action, la démonstration, voire l’ostentation des pratiques axées sur la réalisation de la piété personnelle dans l’immanence que les converties élaborent des cadres normatifs alternatifs, la volonté de perfectionner le soi étant ainsi mise au service de la communauté. L’islam apparaît ici comme un langage identitaire et politique, vecteur d’un projet de société alternatif.
Prêcheuses arabisantes à Dakar et à Ouagadougou
Authors: Gomez-Perez Muriel
Published: May 2018

À partir d’une série de terrains ethnographiques menés Dakar et à Ouagadougou, les logiques d’ascension spirituelle de différentes générations de femmes prêcheuses et les usages sociaux qu’elles font des moyens de communication sont examinés. L’article montre que leur ascension résulte du lien au communautaire. Bien que la logique d’individuation soit mise en exergue, des signes de mise en avant de leur individualité, sans se départir du communautaire, permettent de rendre compte d’un subtil processus d’hybridation entre individualisation et individuation. Cette perspective est aussi analysée à travers certains discours de prêcheuses qui révèlent comment ces dernières naviguent entre différents registres d’agencéité (compliant agency,pious agencyetpious critical agency) en fonction de leur distanciation, résistance ou acceptation devant les logiques de reproduction sociale, les normes d’ordre religieux et les rapports d’autorité.
De la « complicité » des imams dans la promotion de l’équité de genre à Mumbai, en Inde
Authors: Mekki-Berrada Abdelwahed , Schensul Stephen L.
Published: May 2018

Les imams pourraient-ils, sans compromettre leur islamité, se faire les complices-promoteurs de l’équité de genre dans leur communauté et, si oui, comment et à quelles conditions ? C’est ici la question de fond que les auteurs taquinent dans cet article. À l’aide d’une méthode mixte, qualitative et quantitative, nous explorons cette (im)possible « complicité » à Mumbai, en Inde. Il s’agit de l’un des volets d’un programme de recherche plus large portant sur la santé sexuelle et les comportements sexuels à risque dans des quartiers pauvres de Mumbai. Ce programme implique une diversité d’acteurs sociaux, dont des résidentes et résidents, des tradipraticiens, des leaders religieux et des intervenants communautaires d’un quartier où la population est majoritairement musulmane. Considérant l’islam comme une tradition discursive, nous explorons la portée et les limites du volet impliquant les imams dans une recherche-action participative où les résultats préliminaires de la phase recherche, soulignant l’importance de l’équité de genre, ont été soumis, durant la phase action, aux imams qui ont identifié avec les chercheurs des extraits issus des textes canoniques de l’islam qui soient conciliables avec ces résultats. Les messages issus de cette collaboration ont été transmis à la communauté par les imams à travers différents canaux, dont essentiellement les prêches du vendredi rassemblant plusieurs milliers de fidèles masculins. L’article souligne que plusieurs imams ont fait évoluer certains de leurs savoirs et attitudes initialement misogynes (violence conjugale, sexualité maritale pour la satisfaction exclusive des maris) à la suite de leur implication dans la recherche-action participative ; d’autres éléments fortement ancrés dans la culture locale les rendent cependant rétifs au changement. Il n’est pas clair si cette réticence se traduit chez les femmes musulmanes de la communauté en subordination ou en résistance.
Certifier la perte et la souffrance
Authors: Rhani Zakaria
Published: May 2018

Le processus de réconciliation politique au Maroc s’inscrit dans une histoire récente, marquée surtout par la création, en 2004, d’une Instance d’équité et de réconciliation (IER) dont le rôle est de réparer les victimes de la violence de l’État. L’indemnisation financière globale et la réhabilitation médicale sont les deux aspects concrets de cette politique de réparation dans laquelle la certification médicale prend une valeur évaluative importante. En plus d’être décisive dans l’estimation du préjudice et de sa compatibilité avec la violence endurée, elle est aussi déterminante dans l’évaluation de la nature de la prise en charge psycho-médicale. C’est le rôle assigné à cette expertise médicale dans l’approche de réparation que je souhaite interroger ici. Que dit-elle des procédures de sélection appliquées pour définir les formes réparables de la perte et, partant, la notion même de « victime » ? Que dit-elle de la notion de témoignage, de preuve et de vérité ? Comment ces démarches renseignent-elles, de manière générale, sur les rapports à l’histoire de la violence et à la souffrance des victimes ?
La mondialisation du vin
Authors: Fournier Vincent
Published: May 2018

Cet article analyse le double processus de la circulation du vin comme marchandise et des significations qui l’entourent dans le contexte de la mondialisation. À la lumière de l’étude de Bestor (2004) concernant la circulation transnationale du thon, j’identifie certaines caractéristiques de la commercialisation transnationale du vin, notamment l’existence de deux systèmes de connaissances (les lois et les normes oenophiles) qui influencent la manière pour les consommateurs et les producteurs de penser et de se représenter le vin, systèmes qui participent au caractère fétiche de cette marchandise. Via une analyse du développement de l’industrie vitivinicole à Cirò Marina, en Calabre, je démontre l’influence conjointe des législations et de l’internationalisation du commerce du vin sur l’évolution la production locale. Sont aussi relevés des décalages au niveau des représentations locales du vin. Plutôt que de circuler, la manière avec laquelle les personnes produisent et interprètent les significations du vin varie davantage en fonction de leur position au sein de la production.
Resolving the optimal selection of a natural reserve using the particle swarm optimisation by applying transfer functions
Authors: Almonacid Boris L
Published: May 2018

The optimal selection of a natural reserve (OSRN) is an optimisation problem with a binary domain. To solve this problem the metaheuristic algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been chosen. The PSO algorithm has been designed to solve problems in real domains. Therefore, a transfer method has been applied that converts the equations with real domains of the PSO algorithm into binary results that are compatible with the OSRN problem. Four transfer functions have been tested in four case studies to solve the OSRN problem. According to the tests carried out, it is concluded that two of the four transfer functions are apt to solve the problem of optimal selection of a natural reserve.
Perinatal specimens ofMaiasaurafrom the Upper Cretaceous of Montana (USA): insights into the early ontogeny of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaurs
Authors: Prieto-Marquez Albert , Guenther Merrilee F.
Published: May 2018

Perinatal specimens of hadrosaurids discovered in the late 1970’s by field crews from Princeton University were significant in providing evidence of the early ontogenetic stages in North American dinosaurs. These specimens from the Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Two Medicine Formation of Montana consist of over a dozen skeletons referable to the saurolophine hadrosauridMaiasaura peeblesorum, but never fully figured or described. Here, we provide a more complete documentation of the morphology of these specimens, along with an examination of variation during a large span of the development of saurolophine hadrosaurids. Many ontogenetic changes in the available facial and mandibular elements are associated with the progressive elongation of the preorbital region of the skull and mandible. In the postcranium, limb bones change nearly isometrically, with exception of certain elements of the forelimb. Some cranial and postcranial characters commonly used for inferring hadrosaurid phylogenetic relationships remain invariable during the ontogeny ofM. peeblesorum. This indicates that early ontogenetic stages may still provide a limited amount of character information useful for systematics and phylogenetic inference.
The effect of climate change on the distribution of a tropical zoanthid (Palythoa caribaeorum) and its ecological implications
Authors: Durante Leonardo M. , Cruz Igor C.S. , Lotufo Tito M.C.
Published: May 2018

Palythoa caribaeorumis a zoanthid often dominant in shallow rocky environments along the west coast of the Atlantic Ocean, from the tropics to the subtropics. This species has high environmental tolerance and is a good space competitor in reef environments. Considering current and future scenarios in the global climate regime, this study aimed to model and analyze the distribution ofP. caribaeorum, generating maps of potential distribution for the present and the year 2100. The distribution was modeled using maximum entropy (Maxent) based on 327 occurrence sites retrieved from the literature. Calcite concentration, maximum chlorophyll-aconcentration, salinity, pH, and temperature range yielded a model with the smallest Akaike information criterion (2649.8), and were used in the present and future distribution model. Data from the HadGEM2-ES climate model were used to generate the projections for the year 2100. The present distribution ofP. caribaeorumshows that parts of the Brazilian coast, Caribbean Sea, and Florida are suitable regions for the species, as they are characterized by high salinity and pH and small temperature variation. An expansion of the species’ distribution was forecast northward under mild climate scenarios, while a decrease of suitable areas was forecast in the south. In the climate scenario with the most intense changes,P. caribaeorumwould lose one-half of its suitable habitats, including the northernmost and southernmost areas of its distribution. The Caribbean Sea and northeastern Brazil, as well as other places under the influence of coastal upwellings, may serve as potential havens for this species.
Diet breadth and exploitation of exotic plants shift the core microbiome of Cephaloleia, a group of tropical herbivorous beetles
Authors: Blankenchip Chelsea L. , Michels Dana E. , Braker H. Elizabeth , Goffredi Shana K.
Published: May 2018

The beetle genus Cephaloleia has evolved in association with tropical ginger plants and for many species their specific host plant associations are known. Here we show that the core microbiome of six closely related Costa Rican Cephaloleia species comprises only eight bacterial groups, including members of the Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriacea, Pseudomonas, Lactococcus, and Comamonas. The Acinetobacter and Enterobacteriacea together accounted for 35% of the total average 16S rRNA ribotypes recovered from all specimens. Further, microbiome diversity and community structure was significantly linked to beetle diet breadth, between those foraging on less than two plant types (specialists) versus over nine plant types (generalists). Moraxellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae were highly prevalent in specialist species, and also present in eggs, while Rickettsiaceae associated exclusively with generalist beetles. Bacteria isolated from Cephaloleia digestive systems had distinct capabilities and suggested a possible beneficial role in both digestion of plant-based compounds, including xylose, mannitol, and pectin, and possible detoxification, via lipases. Cephaloleia species are currently expanding their diets to include exotic invasive plants, yet it is unknown whether their microbial community plays a role in this transition. In this study, colonization of invasive plants was correlated with a dysbiosis of the microbiome, suggesting a possible relationship between gut bacteria and niche adaptation.
Impact of Zika Virus on adult human brain structure and functional organization
Authors: Bido‐Medina Richard , Wirsich Jonathan , Rodríguez Minelly , Oviedo Jairo , Miches Isidro , Bido Pamela , Tusen Luis , Stoeter Peter , Sadaghiani Sepideh
Published: May 2018

Objective

To determine the impact of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection on brain structure and functional organization of severely affected adult patients with neurological complications that extend beyond Guillain–Barré Syndrome (GBS)‐like manifestations and include symptoms of the central nervous system (CNS).

Methods

In this first case–control neuroimaging study, we obtained structural and functional magnetic resonance images in nine rare adult patients in the subacute phase, and healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls. ZIKV patients showed atypical descending and rapidly progressing peripheral nervous system (PNS) manifestations, and importantly, additional CNS presentations such as perceptual deficits. Voxel‐based morphometry was utilized to evaluate gray matter volume, and resting state functional connectivity and Network Based Statistics were applied to assess the functional organization of the brain.

Results

Gray matter volume was decreased bilaterally in motor areas (supplementary motor cortex, specifically Frontal Eye Fields) and beyond (left inferior frontal sulcus). Additionally, gray matter volume increased in right middle frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity increased in a widespread network within and across temporal lobes.

Interpretation

We provide preliminary evidence for a link between ZIKV neurological complications and changes in adult human brain structure and functional organization, comprising both motor‐related regions potentially secondary to prolonged PNS weakness, and nonsomatomotor regions indicative of PNS‐independent alternations. The latter included the temporal lobes, particularly vulnerable in a range of neurological conditions. While future studies into the ZIKV‐related neuroinflammatory mechanisms in adults are urgently needed, this study indicates that ZIKV infection can lead to an impact on the brain.