bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tinjauan Kriminologis Terhadap Kejahatan Penganiayaan yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak di Wilayah Kepolisian Resor Kupang
Authors: Jawa Asriani , K. Medan Karolus , Angel Fanggi Rosalind
Published: July 2023

Masalah pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah jauh mana faktor penyebab terjadinya kejahatan penganiayaan yang dilakukan oleh anak dan Bagaimana upaya yang dilakukan oleh aparat kepolisian untuk menanggulangi kejahatan penganiayaan yang dilakukan oleh anak. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk Untuk Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya kejahatanpenganiayaan dan Untuk mengetahui upaya yang dilakukan aparat kepolisian dalam menanggulangi kejahatan penganiayaan yang dilakukan oleh anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (statuta aproach) dan pendekatan fakta (the fact approach). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah Kepolisian Resor Kupang dan di rumah pelaku yaitu di Camplong, dengan metode penelitian menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara penelitian lapangan dan studi kepustakaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian adalah kejahatan penganiayaan yang dilakukan oleh anak adalah karena kurangnya kontrol emosi dan karena mabuk, serta kurangnya kontrol dari keluarga serta masyarakat. Sedangkan upaya yang dilakukan oleh kepolisian ada 3 yaitu: pertama upaya Preemtif yakni dengan melakukan sosialisasi di sekolah-sekolah dan di masyarakat dengan menanamkan nilai-nilai yang baik, serta melakukan pembinaan.  Kedua upaya preventif yakni dengan melakukan patroli untuk memantau kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilakuka oleh anak atau ditempat-tempat perkumpulan anak-anak tersebut. Ketiga yaitu represif berupa penegakan hukum dengan menjatuhkan hukuman kasus anak lebih mengedepankan proses hukum secara restorative justice yaitu sesuai dengan pasal 5 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang peneliti lakukan maka kesimpulan dari penilitian yaitu: Kejahatan penganiayaan yang dilakukan oleh anak adalah perbuatan yang hampir setiap tahunnya selalu ada, padahal anak adalah penerus bangsa yang kedepannya akan membawa bangsa ini menuju lebih baik, namun tak sangka kejahatan yang dilakukan anak setiap tahunnya selalu ada, namun semua itu bisa diberantas dengan kerjasama orang terdekat yaitu orang tua dan juga masyarakat serta pemerintah dengan pihak kepolisian dalam memberikan aturan serta membina anak menjadi lebih baik lagi agar kejahatan yang dilakukan tidak terulangi lagi.
Effectiveness of the Policy Interventions in Eradicating FGC Practices in Marani Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya
Authors:   Kisii University, Magangi Magdaline Gesare , Oino Peter Gutwa , Aberi George Ezekiel
Published: July 2023

Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a harmful practice that violates the human rights of women and girls. Despite global efforts to restrict the practice, there have been few reports on major positive changes to the problem. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of the policy interventions in eradicating FGC practices in Marani Sub-County, Kisii County, Kenya. The study was guided by the theory of Reasoned Action. This study used a quasi-experiment design. The researcher used cluster sampling to identify 200 households and purposive sampling procedures, to identify 13 key informants for the study. The study used questionnaires, key informant interview and focus group discussion to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. In this context, quantitative data was analyzed quantitatively. Qualitative data (words/propositions) was analyzed descriptively. The study revealed that stress, stigma, isolation, and marital problems were main psychological effects. Findings from this study concludes that in spite of various interventions, FGC is still an ongoing practice within the Gusii community with women and health professionals being the main perpetrators. The study recommends an adoption of alternative rites of passage to eliminate the practice. This can be possible through the re-socialisation of community members to change their negative tradition for the psychosocial wellbeing of the girl child
Focusing on form: A teacher’s research update on form-focused instruction
Authors:   Cook School of Intercultural Studies, California, Lessard-Clouston Michael
Published: July 2023

Many second/foreign language (L2/FL) teachers do not see the relevance of research to their teaching. This article aims to help bridge this gap by addressing form-focused instruction (FFI), a current pedagogical and research issue of particular interest to both teachers and students. The article begins with background from second language acquisition research and outlines two main types of FFI. Next it addresses three main topics. First, it considers the role of FFI in communicative language teaching. Second, it reviews various influences that impact whether teachers should choose to use integrated or isolated FFI in their classes. Third, it discusses the connection between error correction and focus on form in FFI. In establishing these points, the article introduces literature that argues for clear connections between FFI and L2/FL learning. In essence, this article answers the question: how does focusing on form appear to help L2/FL learning, and how can teachers encourage ESL/EFL students? The article argues that form-focused instruction makes a positive difference. Research implications are summarized on grammar and vocabulary learning, and reference is made to key resources dealing with focusing on form. Teachers should thus think about how an understanding of FFI can improve their teaching and students’ learning.
Practices and issues: The English and Literacy classroom
Authors:   Institute of Education University of London, Kress Gunther
Published: July 2023

The article discusses “the content and shape” of the resources for making meaning and the shape of the social environment in which – differently in different places and yet similar in essential respects –the English and literacy classroom is located. At any one time, any aspect of the complex dynamic communicational ensemble might be significant for the learner, so that he has to be constantly attentive to cues as potential prompts. Two questions touch on the notion of “a grammar” in an English and literacy classroom in a fundamental way. One is: what is it that someone-whether teacher or student learner- who is in an English and literacy classroom, needs to know. The other is: what are the social characteristics of those who are in the classroom, and above all, who are the students/ learners? The first question is concerned with what the ‘content’ of that grammar might be. The second, more profound in its implications, asks whether traditional notions of grammar can continue to be used when the social environment is such that conventions around representation no longer ”hold”; when student learners assume to themselves notions of agency which undercut the power-relations and forms of authority on which notions of grammar have traditionally been based.
Be Spiritual Work of Art in the Poetry of Robert Duncan
Authors: Brodhead Glaser Brian
Published: July 2023

In this essay I argue Hegelian phenomenology helps us to see that language can be a form of postmodern spirituality. I aim to contextualize postmodern poetry in a dialogue between spirituality and art that, I suggest, we can join Hegel in viewing as older than Christianity. Both Phenomenology of Spirit and Robert Duncan’s postmodernism show us that language is a spiritual means for transcendence of the self. In the first section of the essay I look at how Duncan used syntactic choices in the writing of poems as the occasion for self-transformation, contrasting the models of poetic structure in two of his books of the 1960s, the Opening of the Field (1960) and Bending the Bow (1968), on the basis of what these two different structural models foreground about Duncan’s syntactic decisions. In the second section of the essay, I analyze Hegel’s phenomenological narrative of the hymn, focusing on his discussion of the role that language plays in this dimension of spiritual life. In the concluding section, I return to Robert Duncan’s later poetry, arguing that Hegel’s conception of the hymn can help us to see that Duncan moved in his creative work from using syntax as a means for self-transformation to turning to it as a resource for self-transcendence.
ESTELIONATO SENTIMENTAL
Authors: D' Albuquerque Teila Rocha Lins , Araújo Rebeca Nogueira de
Published: July 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o estelionato sentimental e suas conjecturas, contemplando as decisões jurisprudenciais. Além disso, visa ao emprego da responsabilidade civil no âmbito de uma relação de namoro na qual a exploração ecônomica se faz presente, observando as presunções, como o enriquecimento ilícito, abuso de direito e a utilização da má-fé pelo(a) companheiro(a). Por conseguinte, aborda-se a existência de princípios constitucionais que estão interligados com o tema em questão e que tencionam proteger os direitos da personalidade das vítimas, quais sejam, a dignidade da pessoa humana, o princípio da boa-fé objetiva e o princípio da afetividade. Todavia, é relevante estudar o aspecto da razoabilidade, pois é crucial saber distinguir estelionato sentimental de mero aborrecimento ou desiluções amorosas, assim como a probabilidade da aplicação dos danos morais ou materiais, de acordo com os requisitos do Código Civil.
A comparison between petrous bone and tooth, femur and tibia DNA analysis from degraded skeletal remains
Authors: Haarkötter Christian , Vinueza‐Espinosa Diana C. , Gálvez Xiomara , Saiz María , Medina‐Lozano María Isabel , Lorente José Antonio , Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: July 2023

Skeletal remains are the only biological material that remains after long periods; however, environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pH affect DNA preservation, turning skeletal remains into a challenging sample for DNA laboratories. Sample selection is a key factor, and femur and tooth have been traditionally recommended as the best substrate of genetic material. Recently, petrous bone (cochlear area) has been suggested as a better option due to its DNA yield. This research aims to evaluate the efficiency of petrous bone compared to other cranium samples (tooth) and postcranial long bones (femur and tibia). A total amount of 88 samples were selected from 38 different individuals. The samples were extracted by using an organic extraction protocol, DNA quantification by Quantifiler Trio kit and amplified with GlobalFiler kit. Results show that petrous bone outperforms other bone remains in quantification data, yielding 15–30 times more DNA than the others. DNA profile data presented likeness between petrous bone and tooth regarding detected alleles; however, the amount of DNA extracted in petrous bones allowed us to obtain more informative DNA profiles with superior quality. In conclusion, petrous bone or teeth sampling is recommended if DNA typing is going to be performed with environmentally degraded skeletal remains.
LncRNA Miat knockdown protects against pirarubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by targeting miRNA‐129‐1‐3p
Authors: Huang Peng , Zhang Wenqing , Ji Jiahua , Ma Jiulong , Cheng Hongyuan , Qin Meng , Wei Dexian , Ren Liqun
Published: July 2023

Pirarubicin (THP) is a widely used antitumor drug in clinical practice, but its cardiotoxicity limits its use. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of knockdown of lncRNA Miat in THP‐induced cardiotoxicity. The extent of damage to immortalized cardiomyocytes in mice was assessed by CCK8, TUNEL, ROS, Ca2+, RT‐qPCR, and Western blot. The relative levels of Miat in THP‐treated cardiomyocytes (HL‐1) were measured. The protective effect of Miat on THP‐treated HL‐1 was assessed. The binding relationship between lncRNA Miat and mmu‐miRNA‐129‐1‐3p was verified by a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The protective role of Miat/miRNA‐129‐1‐3p in THP‐induced HL‐1 was explored by performing a rescue assay. THP reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis, triggered oxidative stress and calcium overload. Expression of Miat in HL‐1 was significantly elevated after THP treatment. Miat knockdown significantly alleviated the cardiotoxicity of THP. MiR‐129‐1‐3p is a direct target of Miat. Knockdown of miR‐129‐1‐3p reversed the protective effect of Miat knockdown on HL‐1. Miat knockdown can alleviate THP‐induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating miR‐129‐1‐3p.
The Complexity and Quality in 3D Digitisation of the Past: Challenges and Risks
Authors: Ioannides Marinos , Patias Petros
Published: July 2023

This paper is focusing on the exceptional results of the EU Study (VIGIE2020/654) to map the parameters, formats, standards, benchmarks, and methodologies relating to 3D digitisation of tangible cultural heritage (CH). The overall objective of the paper is to further the quality of 3D digitisation process by enabling cultural heritage professionals, institutions, content-developers, stakeholders, and academics to define and produce high-quality digitisation standards for tangible cultural heritage assets. This study identified for the first time in this domain, key parameters of the digitisation process, estimated the relative complexity and how it is linked to technology, its impact on quality and its various factors. It will also present standards and formats used for 3D digitisation, including data types, data formats and metadata schemas for 3D structures.
Evolving Standards in Digital Cultural Heritage – Developing a IIIF 3D Technical Specification
Authors: Haynes Ronald
Published: July 2023

IIIF (International Image Interoperability Framework) is a collection of open web standards, broadly used for presenting and annotating high resolution images and audiovisual content, adopted by hundreds of GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, museums) organisations worldwide, and permit the reuse and recombination of digital assets across traditional digital institutional boundaries. While these standards have been successful for 2D images and AV (Audio/Video) data, there is a growing interest in how they might be applied to 3D content. An example of this would be to combine shards of pottery from disparate collections into a single whole within a viewing experience. The IIIF 3D Community Group has been collaboratively considering common challenges and potential solutions to key areas, with major 3D developers and researchers, and ongoing dialogue with VIGIE2020/654 study colleagues, forming the IIIF 3D Technical Specification Group, engaging even more widely with other specialists and representatives across user communities and standards bodies.
Sound Writing
Authors: Trower Shelley
Published: July 2023

For all its orality, oral history has a long-standing, closely entwined relationship with writing. Sound Writing considers the interplay between sound recordings and written literature, looking back to antiquity while focusing on the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries. It also refers to a dream of sound writing itself, enabling voices to reach readers directly, cutting out the need for authorial mediation. Oral histories are nevertheless actively mediated, often turned into and received as written texts. There can be value in transforming spoken oral histories in print or on screen, not least in order to make them “readable” for wider audiences. Indeed, such re-creations can be worthy and wonderful works of scholarship and art—and this book explores a wide range of different forms and media (like the polyphonic novel and hyperlinked websites) that can most effectively convey speakers’ narratives on their own terms—but there is also, always, the danger of speakers’ voices being distorted or lost in the process of mediation. This book examines how oral histories are co-created, by speakers, by authors, and also by readers. It considers how oral history can inform our understandings of authorship and reading, to reconceive and query their potential as creative, multiple, collective, and activist. Finally, it reflects on the role of authorship in the academy.
From Mayhew’s Street Voices to Oral History
Authors: Trower Shelley
Published: July 2023

This chapter considers how a range of authors in Britain, from Mayhew and Dickens in the nineteenth century to Evans among other early oral historians in the twentieth, recorded and creatively transformed voices in print. It also considers ways in which such voices can be audible to readers. In addition, the chapter traces disciplinary connections between journalism, ethnography, folklore, literature, and oral history. It considers how sound recording technologies shifted the focus from recording speech in writing to the editing of already-recorded voices. Oral historians after the mid-twentieth century increasingly argued that sound recordings should be preserved, and that written versions should also convey something of the sonority of speech while avoiding distortion of what interviewees said, but there are also benefits from more heavily editing spoken words into printed forms, which can, for example, make a speaker’s meaning more comprehensible to readers.
Authority, Reading, and Listening to Digital Oral Histories
Authors: Trower Shelley
Published: July 2023

This chapter revisits some of the major themes of the book with respect to digital technologies, which have transformed how oral history is archived and disseminated, as voice and written texts. The chapter considers the implications of putting interviews online in their audio form, and how that can both hinder and further a sharing of authority between oral historians, narrators, and readers/listeners. It goes on to engage with Freund’s criticism of digital storytelling particularly in the mass public form of StoryCorps, and argues that he exercises a kind of singular academic authority, not least through his use of sweeping generalizations, that oral history can effectively resist through its respect for multiple speakers, authors, and readers. It calls for reflection on the role and responsibilities, uses and misuses of academic authority.
Evolutionary Quantitative Genetics
Authors: Arnold Stevan J.
Published: July 2023

Evolutionary quantitative genetics is concerned with the evolution of quantitative traits that are affected by many genes (e.g., body size, metabolic rate, competitive ability). Although evolutionary quantitative genetics has emerged as the dominant paradigm for understanding evolution, the full scope of its achievements are not yet apparent to a wide audience. To reach and engage that wider audience, this book summarizes important empirical and theoretical results in evolutionary quantitative genetics. Here are a few significant signposts along the path of the book’s main argument: (1) Analysis of a large literature on selection measured in nature indicates that most traits are close to, if not on, an adaptive peak. (2) QTL and GWAS studies have shown that quantitative traits are affected by scores or if not hundreds of genes (polygeny). (3) Most traits interact with other traits, forming functional complexes that are shaped by stabilizing and correlational selection. (4) Such trait complexes can persist for hundreds of millions of years, suggesting long-lasting patterns of multivariate selection. (5) Perpetual, random movement of the adaptive peak is the common denominator of successful models of adaptive radiation. A single model of adaptive radiation can produce stasis or exuberant diversification depending on the setting for the rate of peak movement. (6) Simulation studies of evolving multivariate inheritance suggest that processes of mutation, inheritance, and selection may evolve towards mutual alignment with the predominant directions of peak movement. (7) Evolutionary models of trait-based interaction between species (e.g., predators and prey) suggest that periods of maladaptation may be common and that trait means will equilibrate downslope from adaptive peaks.
Modularity, Performance, and Functional Complexes
Authors: Arnold Stevan J.
Published: July 2023

Phenotypic traits do not exist as isolated entities. Instead, traits are bundled together in ensembles (modules) of interacting traits that form functional complexes. The bundling of traits into complexes is accomplished by correlational selection, a kind of multivariate stabilizing selection. One can measure the correlational selection that acts on a functional complex by scoring the overall performance of the complex and the values of the component traits in a sample of individuals. In the ensuing selection analysis, one fits a statistical model in which individual values of performance are related to the individual values of traits in the complex with the goal of estimating the γ-matrix. The γ-matrix in turn plays a key role in the evolution of modularity and modules. For example, on a deep evolutionary timescale, trait ensembles that form functional complexes often show a distinctive pattern of multivariate stasis and conservatism. As we shall see in later chapters, this multivariate pattern of stasis cannot be accounted for by drift or unspecified forces of inertia. These considerations suggest that the patterns of multivariate selection that are responsible for the maintenance of functional complexes also tend to persist through deep time and shape long term evolutionary patterns.
The Noble Style
Authors: Parkes Adam
Published: July 2023

Both stupidity and intelligence have been associated at different times with boredom; like them, boredom has enjoyed considerable prestige among poets and philosophers as a distinctly aristocratic attitude or mood. This chapter shows how the novels of Elizabeth Bowen and Evelyn Waugh anatomize while also cultivating states of upper-class boredom in the time of waning empire. In the Englishman Waugh as in the Anglo-Irish Bowen, skepticism of democracy is joined to versions of late-imperial boredom so intractable that highly specific forms of situational boredom come to resemble a profound existential boredom. Bowen and Waugh picture a belated aristocracy adrift in the waste land of the interwar years, living out a socially and historically specific variation on Schopenhauer’s existential idea of boredom as the index of a “constant postponement of death.”
Capricious Benevolence
Authors: Parkes Adam
Published: July 2023

This chapter explores the paradoxically co-implicated attitudes of benevolence and cruelty that shape post-romantic reflections on aristocracy. In Ford Madox Ford, D.H. Lawrence, Evelyn Waugh, and Elizabeth Bowen, narrative investments in benevolence sometimes precipitate anger, hatred, and cruelty—and may even function as cruelty. Conversely, on other occasions, an aesthetic of cruelty engenders its opposite: the reinvention of benevolence, kindness, or what Lawrence calls tenderness. In Waugh, I argue, this benevolence proves inseparable from misanthropy. The chapter ends by reading Bowen’s fictional argument against the English middle-class novel—and against the habits of reading it encouraged—as part of an effort to fashion an art of cool delight sponsored by the poetry of W.B. Yeats.
Health and Disability
Authors: Barnes Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

This chapter explores the relationship between health and disability. Just as the relationship between health and wellbeing is complex and entangled, so is the relationship between health and disability. Just as with wellbeing, it’s important not to conflate disability with health—or in this case with loss of health. But just as with wellbeing, there’s no denying that the two are intimately connected. This chapter tries to tease apart the various threads of this tangle. In doing this, it also begins to introduce the shape of the positive account of health presented in Chapters 5 and 6. Sections 4 and 5 of this chapter offer a model—based on an analogy to David Lewis’ contextualist approach to the puzzle of the statue and the clay—that allows us to embrace the inherent shiftiness we encounter in the relationship between health and disability. Although it is in principle separable from the positive account of health defended in subsequent chapters, this model begins to lay the groundwork for how that positive account approaches the tensions we find ourselves with when trying to theorize health. Rather than trying to clarify away or elide the mess we find ourselves with, this book argues that we instead need a framework for understanding why things seem so intractably messy.
Introduction
Authors: Jackson Alvin
Published: July 2023

This chapter explains the structure of the book and introduces its central themes. It seeks to explore the origins, survival, and (where appropriate) the demise of different multinational union states, all of which originated in the early to mid-19th century, and often in the context of the Napoleonic wars and subsequent European settlement. It explains the choice of the principal case studies—Great Britain and Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden-Norway, Austria-Hungary, and Canada, with some additional references to the Grand Duchy of Finland and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves. It argues that most of these union states were redefined composite monarchies; and that most of them owed their origins, at least in part, to British diplomacy, and specifically to the diplomatic circle around Viscount Castlereagh. The chapter argues that the British effectively exported the idea of union elsewhere in Europe at this time.
Alternative Unions
Authors: Jackson Alvin
Published: July 2023

This chapter takes a selection of the book’s case studies, and examines the ways in which federalism was pursued as a means of reforming otherwise dysfunctional union constitutions. Federalism is discussed within the contexts of Canada, Austria-Hungary, as well Britain and its empire. The chapter argues that federalism has regularly been invoked as a panacea within failing or apparently failing union states: it also argues that it has generally proved to be difficult to apply this cure, given that federalism has almost always been pursued (certainly in the British case) by unionists or imperialists seeking to defuse the challenge of nationalism. In practice the critical ‘federal moment’, when the strengths and weaknesses of unionist federalists and nationalist separatists have been evenly balanced, has been elusive.
Hierocles’ Concentric Circles
Authors: Wedgwood Ralph
Published: July 2023

Hierocles, a Stoic of the second century ce, famously deployed an image of the ‘concentric circles’ that surround each of us. The image should not be read as advocating absolute impartiality (in the style of classical utilitarianism) or as illustrating the Stoic theory of oikeiōsis. Instead, it is designed to illustrate how it is ‘appropriate to act’ in certain cases. Like other Stoics, Hierocles bases his investigation of appropriate acts on what is ‘in accordance with nature’. According to his view, each of us has a duty of mutual aid towards every other human being—but a weightier duty towards those who are socially closer than those who are more distant. The fundamental principle is that each of us has the duty of being an ‘ally’ of every other human being in serving the natural purposes of all the circles to which we and that other human being both belong.
Publishing the Woman Writer in England, 1670-1750
Authors: Orr Leah
Published: July 2023

In the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the “woman writer” emerged as a category of authorship in England. This book seeks to uncover how exactly this happened and the ways publishers tried to market a new kind of author to the public. Based on a survey of nearly 700 works with female authors from this period, this book contends that authorship was constructed, not always by the author, for market appeal, that biography often supported an authorial persona rooted in the genre of the work, and that authorship was a role rather than an identity. Through an emphasis on paratexts, including prefaces, title pages, portraits, and biographical notes, this book analyzes the representation of women writers in this period of intense change to make two related arguments. First, women writers were represented in a variety of ways as publishers sought successful models for a new kind of writer in print. Second, a new approach is needed for studying early women writers and others who occupy gaps in the historical record. This book shows that a study of the material contexts of printed books is one way to work with the evidence that survives. It therefore begins with a very familiar kind of author-centric literary history and deconstructs it to conclude with a reception-centered history that takes a more encompassing view of authorship. In addition to analysis of many little-known and anonymous authors, case studies include Aphra Behn, Catharine Trotter/Cockburn, Laetitia Pilkington, Marie-Catherine d’Aulnoy, and Anne Dacier.
Introduction
Authors: Blaazer David
Published: July 2023

This introductory chapter argues for a theoretical view of the nature of money that stresses its basis in social structures, political relationships, and cultural understandings, and the importance of studying it as a social, political, and cultural phenomenon. It explores the nature of monetary power, which it argues has been under-studied until quite recently, especially by historians. It sets out the main aim of the book, which is to examine the centuries-long process by which a coherent monetary order was forged in the United Kingdom from the disparate and largely dysfunctional monetary orders of early modern England, Scotland, and Ireland. It contextualizes the study within the historiography of ‘four nations’ approaches to British history. It concludes with an examination of recent developments in monetary studies in history and the humanities and social sciences more broadly.
‘I will make them one nation’
Authors: Blaazer David
Published: July 2023

This chapter examines attempts by James VI and I and Oliver Cromwell to unify England’s, Scotland’s, and Ireland’s currencies. These attempts and their ultimate failure reveal much about the state of currency in early modern England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the monetary relations between them. They also provide a window on the nature of early modern money itself and its historical development in each of the three kingdoms from the Middle Ages to the early seventeenth century. The chapter focusses on the increasing instability of a monetary system based on precious metals. Different social strata, economic sectors, nations, and regions experienced and managed these problems in different ways. In general, governments focussed on solving their own monetary problems and those of the mercantile elite on whom they increasingly depended, often at the expense of the common people. For their part, the common people managed with a combination of clipped coins, tokens, paper IOUs, barter, payment in kind, and networks of personal credit. These points provide essential background to the monetary transformations to be examined in later chapters and the beliefs about money that would be accommodated or changed in the process.
Elizabeth Bowen’s ‘Uncertain Gothic’
Authors: Ross Stephen
Published: July 2023

This chapter argues that Bowen’s knowing use of spectrality—sometimes explicitly Gothic, and other times only latently or rhetorically ghostly—in The Last September and The Heat of the Day indexes a tentative ethics of perversion. First invoking and then undercutting the Gothic’s traditional narrative, ethical, and political arcs, Bowen validates the transgressive past, sustains a fractured present, and projects a productive/creative future. In doing so, she reclaims perversion as fluid and various, violating patriarchal, patrilineal, generationally appropriate, and class-bound modes of desire. It includes intergenerational, extra-marital, promiscuous, homosexual, and cross-class desire. Equally, perversion provides the often-occulted background to the official sexualities and regimes of desire that sustain tradition, convention, normalcy, stability, continuity, and legality. Where it appears, perversion threatens these standards, upsetting heavily invested patterns of property transfer, kinship, procreation, identity, and belonging, as well as heterosexual and cis-gender norms. Perversion at once articulates problems and presents a means of beginning to resolve them. It is a privileged point of contact between the social and the libidinal; as such, it is also a special site of ethics.
The Habitats of Mary Russell Mitford’s Our Village
Authors: Hildebrand Jayne
Published: July 2023

This chapter argues that the realist novel’s descriptive energies and Victorian debates about environmental space share an unlikely point of origin: the overlooked genre of the descriptive rural sketch. Focusing on Mary Russell Mitford’s Our Village (1824–32)—a series of over a hundred prose sketches that gained widespread popularity thanks to their vivid descriptions of the landscapes and gardens of a fictional village—this chapter tracks how Mitford’s sketches shift their descriptive focus away from the local English flora toward the mobile, transient natures of the garden and the greenhouse. This shift also exchanges a descriptive mode for prose forms that integrate description with plot. In so doing, Mitford’s sketches mediate an important moment in environmental thought: the transition from the natural theological concept of a static habitat to Lamarckian biology’s understanding of development as occurring in a dynamic, unfixed space.
Predictive Infelicities and the Instability of Predictive Optimality
Authors: Dorst Chris
Published: July 2023

Recent neo-Humean theories of laws of nature have placed an increasing emphasis on the characteristic epistemic roles played by laws in scientific practice. In particular, these theories seek to understand laws in terms of their predictive utility to creatures in our epistemic situation. In contrast to other approaches, this view has the distinct advantage that it is able to account for a number of pervasive features possessed by putative actual laws of nature, such as their dynamical form, widespread applicability, and various spatiotemporal symmetries. However, this view also faces a unique challenge: given that it attempts to characterize the laws in terms of their predictive utility, any respects in which putative actual laws are suboptimally predictively useful are inherently problematic. Such ‘predictive infelicities’ can easily be found among our best physical theories. This chapter thus concerns two general threats to the neo-Humean view: (i) predictive infelicities, and (ii) the problem of changing standards of predictive utility.
Participation and Transformation
Authors: Martin Nancy M.
Published: July 2023

This chapter examines three important eighteenth- and nineteenth-century hagiographic accounts of the Hindu woman saint Mirabai’s life story, as exemplary of ways Hindu devotees engage with saints and expand the narrative traditions that surround them. The former king and Krishna devotee Nagridas joins together songs attributed to the saint, with accounts of the moment of their composition, drawing devotees into her life, as if they were there, so that they too might share the intensity of her feeling. He portrays Mirabai as renouncing her royal heritage even as he had and evincing a similar ecstatic and inclusive devotion. Maharashtrian hagiographer Mahipati translates her story into the particulars of his own Varkari devotional lineage, with Mira a child whose conflict is with her parents, in line with parental conceptions of God’s love for devotees therein. She is described as practicing devotion as they do and in so doing is claimed as one of their own. Rajasthani hagiographer Sukhsaran imagines the possible thoughts, feelings and conversations of the characters and fills his telling with miracles, contrasting Mira’s extraordinariness with expectations for more ordinary women and girls to reinforced social norms and demonstrate how bhakti and domestic responsibilities could and should be balanced. These examples demonstrate how engagement with these narratives not only serves a didactic function but also is a sadhana or religious discipline, a mode of fostering ever deepening devotion to God for both the performer and the audience.
History, Heroism, and the Politics of Identity
Authors: Martin Nancy M.
Published: July 2023

In the contested terrain of colonial India, Mirabai would be drawn into debates about the status of women and nationalist constructions of a heroic Indian identity and a new patriarchy. This chapter argues that the allegedly historical biographies and nationalist tales of the saint that emerge during last decade of nineteenth century profoundly reflect this ongoing project and must be read as such, though they have been widely disseminated in scholarly and popular literature alike. The saint drew the attention of British officer scholars as a romantic model for beleaguered Indian womanhood, in line with gendered rhetorical justifications for colonial rule. Among elite Indian nationalists, she was lauded as a model for women’s education and strength and as the premiere premodern poetess in an emerging Hindi literary canon. Yet in many characterizations of the saint, she was far from the ideal of the new patriarchy. This chapter details how she was made over into a proper wife by Bengali and Gujarati nationalists and rajput historians relying selectively on the scant historical documentation available, hagiographic accounts, the tales of other legendary rajput and brahman heroines, and their own sense of how she would or should have behaved. By the end of the century a new line of narrative emerges with Mirabai transformed into a saintly cultural heroine, thoroughly Indian and rajput, both traditional and modern, and an inspirational model for women in the eyes of these elite male writers.
Socratic Questioning and Guided Discovery
Authors: Overholser James C. , Beale Eleanor
Published: July 2023

Socratic questioning is based on a thoughtful integration of ancient philosophy and contemporary psychotherapy with a particular reliance on cognitive therapy. Socratic questioning is used to enhance the process of guided discovery in psychotherapy sessions. This chapter defines the terms, provides clinical examples, and reviews the limited research evidence on the impact of Socratic questioning. That scant research suggests that Socratic questioning significantly reduces depression from one session to the next, particularly with patients with a pessimistic cognitive bias, but there is no research on patient improvements at the end of psychotherapy. The chapter concludes with diversity considerations, training implications, and therapeutic practices based on an integration of the research evidence, ancient philosophy, and contemporary cognitive therapy.
Advice, Suggestions, Recommendations
Authors: Hill Clara E. , Knox Sarah , Duan Changming
Published: July 2023

Psychotherapist advice, suggestions, and recommendations (ASR) occur in many psychotherapy sessions and most treatment approaches. This chapter defines ASR, provides clinical examples, and reviews the research evidence for the immediate in-session, immediate delayed, and intermediate effects of ASR, as well as for the moderators of these effects in individual psychotherapy. In seven studies with 327 clients and 131 therapists, evidence of neutral immediate in-session outcomes (e.g., client experiencing levels), neutral immediate delayed outcomes (e.g., client-rated helpfulness during post-session videotape reviews), and positive intermediate outcomes (e.g., implementation of recommendations as rated in subsequent sessions) was found for ASR. These differences may be related to methodological variations in studies, in addition to the different timing of the outcome measurement. In terms of moderators, there was evidence that the working alliance, client collaboration prior to the ASR, content of the ASR, and therapist and client attachment styles moderated the effects of immediate in-session outcomes and that type, difficulty, and therapist influence moderated the effects of intermediate outcomes of ASR. The chapter concludes with research limitations, diversity considerations, training implications, and therapeutic practices related to ASR.
The “Making My Story” Project in Brazil
Authors: Vidiz Monica , Naddeo Lara , Vigevani Debora
Published: July 2023

This chapter describes the “Making My Story” project for children in residential and foster care in Brazil. The project is part of the Making History Institute (Instituto Fazendo História), a nonprofit organization founded in São Paulo in 2005. This approach ensures that every child and youth in care knows and owns their past, present, and future stories. In weekly meetings with adults, children and young people build a life storybook with photos, drawings, paintings, texts, and stories. The chapter argues that the project creates an intergenerational emotional bond and an environment of trust in which participation occurs. It gives children a voice in their interactions with foster carers, social workers, and judges because they can express themselves through images as well as words. The project thus allows children and young people to effectively communicate with adults in more than one dimension.
Fleeing, 1971–1972
Authors: Khoja-Moolji Shenila
Published: July 2023

The interlude gives a glimpse into the trauma that Ismaili women experienced during flight and the early years of resettlement. Every person interviewed shared similar stories and they show up as well in family histories and journals.
Ethnic Dialects
Authors: Ostler Rosemarie
Published: July 2023

Chapter 6 explores the origins and main features of three American dialects that are primarily identified with a socioethnic group rather than a region: African American English, Chicano English, and Native American English (sometimes called American Indian English). The chapter outlines the differences and similarities between ethnic and regional dialects. It discusses the origins of each dialect and circumstances of its development, what is known about earlier versions, and the linguistic features that distinguish it from other types of American English. It also looks at ways in which these dialects influenced American English more broadly.
Using Assessment Instruments in School-Based Research
Authors: Poynton Timothy A.
Published: July 2023

Finding, selecting, and using assessment instruments are a central feature of school-based research. The reason they are so important is that assessment instruments create answers to our research questions in tangible ways. Once you have your research question(s), the next step in the research process is to figure out exactly how to answer those questions. For quantitatively oriented research questions, this will involve the use and/or creation of assessment tools. This chapter describes how research-focused assessment tools fit within school counseling practice; describes where and how to find high-quality, relevant assessment tools; and explains how to consider an assessment’s reliability and validity information.
Research Design
Authors: Goodman-Scott Emily , Cholewa Blaire
Published: July 2023

In this chapter, the authors describe how to conduct qualitative research within the scope of school counseling in K–12 schools. Specifically, they suggest practical, concrete examples from their research as well as the research of others in school counseling, including grounded theory, phenomenological investigation, and thematic analysis (TA). The chapter is comprised of four sections: (a) planning for qualitative research, (b) data collection and analysis, (c) writing results for publication, and (d) avoiding pitfalls in qualitative research. The authors present qualitative research as powerful methodology that can advocate for historically oppressed populations if implemented thoughtfully and with awareness. Lastly, authors suggest a wealth of qualitative resources throughout the chapter.
Single-Case Research Design
Authors: Ray Dee C.
Published: July 2023

Single-case research design (SCRD) is a practical methodology that allows school counselors to explore the impact and outcomes of interventions specifically for the purpose of determining their effectiveness with individuals and single cohort groups. This chapter provides identification and definitions of terms specific to SCRD. It also provides descriptions of essential characteristics of SCRD, including continuous assessment, baseline data collection, and phase stability. It presents step-by-step instructions on how to conduct an SCRD and uses case examples to demonstrate each step of the process. The chapter further provides tables, figures, and graphs to illustrate the implementation of SCRD visual analysis.
Data Analysis Procedures in School Counseling Research
Authors: Mullen Patrick R. , Limberg Dodie
Published: July 2023

This chapter introduces data analysis for both quantitative and qualitative studies. It reviews and defines key concepts in quantitative methodology such as descriptive and inferential statistics. In addition, various analytic approaches are described, including approaches to difference and relationships between variables. For the qualitative data analysis, the general process is outlined along with specific approaches researchers can use for analyzing the data. Grounded theory, phenomenological, thematic, and consensual qualitative research approaches to analyzing qualitative data are covered. Elements of trustworthiness and presenting qualitative results are described. Throughout the chapter, examples of published works are provided to help demonstrate the application of the various topics. Several resources are included, such as professional organizations and additional readings, to help readers take the next steps in developing their understanding of data analytic approaches.
Stories of Survival
Authors: Wong Amy
Published: July 2023

This book examines the high rates of suicide ideation and low rates of suicide deaths among Asian American college students aged 18–24 years. It examines the risk factors for suicide ideation, which include experiencing a history of mental health challenges, an accumulation of difficult days, intergenerational trauma, thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and ongoing suicidal thoughts. It also focuses on protective factors against suicide death, which include enduring the global pandemic, utilizing coping strategies and self-reliance, having support systems and human attachment, developing life skills and self-care practices, experiencing an accumulation of good days, and remembering the reasons for living. It further addresses the paradox of suicide vulnerability and resiliency by offering strategies to reduce risk factors and to promote protective factors. It encourages the call for action by suggesting practice and research recommendations.
The Protective Factors Against Suicide Death
Authors: Wong Amy
Published: July 2023

This chapter identifies the protective factors against suicide death, including enduring in the global pandemic, utilizing coping strategies and self-reliance, having support systems and human attachment, developing life skills and self-care practices, enjoying an accumulation of good days, and remembering the reasons for living. It provides interview data regarding the protective factors that help manage suicide ideation so that the result is not suicide death. It highlights how Asian American college students endured racism as they lived under new social conditions that resulted from the global pandemic. It also explains how Asian American college students who experience suicide ideation manage their psychological pain on a regular basis.