bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reinventing Mpowerment for Black Men: Long‐Term Community Implementation of an Evidence‐Based Program
Authors: Miller Robin Lin , Forney Jason C. , Hubbard Peter , Camacho Lizeth M.
Published: July 2011

Although research on the dissemination of evidence‐based programs to community providers has rapidly grown, research describing implementation of evidence‐based efforts remains a central need. Insight on implementation may aid in developing approaches to assisting organizations to use a variety of evidence‐based practices effectively and to improve the design of programs that can and will be used faithfully. This mixed‐method case study provides a descriptive account of the implementation of an evidence‐based program designed principally for white gay and bisexual young men, the Mpowerment Project, in the 4th and 5th years after its initial adoption by an organization serving black gay and bisexual men. We identify factors that have shaped how the program has evolved and is currently operated. The case study results highlight how the dynamic interaction of practice‐based experiences, skills, relationships, local context, and practitioner judgments about the relevance and credibility of evidence for specific actions propel the reinvention of evidence‐based program procedures. Implications for research and practice are provided.
Using a Family History Intervention to Improve Cancer Risk Perception in a Black Community
Authors: Murthy Vinaya S. , Garza Mary A. , Almario Donna A. , Vogel Kristen J. , Grubs Robin E. , Gettig Elizabeth A. , Wilson John W. , Thomas Stephen B.
Published: July 2011

Few studies examine the use of family history to influence risk perceptions in the African American population. This study examined the influence of a family health history (FHH) intervention on risk perceptions for breast (BRCA), colon (CRC), and prostate cancers (PRCA) among African Americans in Pittsburgh, PA. Participants (n = 665) completed pre‐ and post‐surveys and FHHs. We compared their objective and perceived risks, classified as average, moderate, or high, and examined the accuracy of risk perceptions before and after the FHH intervention. The majority of participants had accurate risk perceptions post‐FHH. Of those participants who were inaccurate pre‐FHH, 43.3%, 43.8%, and 34.5% for BRCA, CRC, and PRCA, respectively, adopted accurate risk perceptions post‐FHH intervention. The intervention was successful in a community setting. It has the potential to lead to healthy behavior modifications because participants adopted accurate risk perceptions. We identified a substantial number of at‐risk individuals who could benefit from targeted prevention strategies, thus decreasing racial/ethnic cancer disparities.
The impact of cis-acting polymorphisms on the human phenotype
Authors: Jones Bryony L. , Swallow Dallas M.
Published: July 2011

Cis-acting polymorphisms that affect gene expression are now known to be frequent, although the extent and mechanisms by which such variation affects the human phenotype are, as yet, only poorly understood. Key signatures of cis-acting variation are differences in gene expression that are tightly associated with regulatory SNPs or expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTL) and an imbalance of allelic expression (AEI) in heterozygous samples. Such cis-acting sequence differences appear often to have been under selection within and between populations and are also thought to be important in speciation. Here we describe the example of lactase persistence. In medical research, variants that affect regulation in cis have been implicated in both monogenic and polygenic disorders, and in the metabolism of drugs. In this review we suggest that by further understanding common regulatory variations and how they interact with other genetic and environmental variables it will be possible to gain insight into important mechanisms behind complex disease, with the potential to lead to new methods of diagnosis and treatments.
Radiofrequency ablation of lung tumours
Authors: Bargellini Irene , Bozzi Elena , Cioni Roberto , Parentini Barbara , Bartolozzi Carlo
Published: July 2011

Pulmonary radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has become an increasingly adopted treatment option for primary and metastatic lung tumours. It is mainly performed in patients with unresectable or medically inoperable lung neoplasms. The immediate technical success rate is over 95%, with a low periprocedural mortality rate and 8–12% major complication rate. Pneumothorax represents the most frequent complication, but requires a chest tube drain in less than 10% of cases. Sustained complete tumour response has been reported in 85–90% of target lesions. Lesion size represents the most important risk factor for local recurrence. Survival data are still scarce, but initial results are very promising. In patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer, 1- and 2-year survival rates are within the ranges of 78–95% and 57–84%, respectively, with corresponding cancer-specific survival rates of 92% and 73%. In selected cases, the combination of RFA and radiotherapy could improve these results. In patients with colorectal lung metastasis, initial studies have reported survival data that compare favourably with the results of metastasectomy, with up to a 45% 5-year survival rate. Further studies are needed to understand the potential role of RFA as a palliative treatment in more advanced disease and the possible combination of RFA with other treatment options.
A single amino acid change in the transmembrane domain of the VirB8 protein affects dimerization, interaction with VirB10 and Brucella suis virulence
Authors: Andrieux Leslie , Bourg Gisèle , Pirone Audrey , O'Callaghan David , Patey Gilles
Published: July 2011

AtVirB10
physically interacts with
AtVirB8
by two hybrid (View interaction)
RuvBl2 cooperates with Ets2 to transcriptionally regulate hTERT in colon cancer
Authors: Flavin Padraic , Redmond Aisling , McBryan Jean , Cocchiglia Sinead , Tibbitts Paul , Fahy-Browne Patrick , Kay Elaine , Treumann Achim , Perrem Kilian , McIlroy Marie , Hill Arnold D.K. , Young Leonie S.
Published: July 2011

Human cancers utilise telomerase to maintain telomeres and prohibit cell senescence. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), an essential component of this complex, is regulated at the level of gene transcription. Using SILAC‐proteomic analysis and molecular studies, we identified the AAA+ ATPase, RuvBl2 as a transcriptional regulator of hTERT and established that this regulation is through cooperation with Ets‐2. In colon cancer patients, nuclear expression of RuvBl2 associated with nuclear expression of hTERT, pEts2 and advanced nodal disease (P
< 0.01, P
= 0.05 and P
= 0.03 respectively, n
= 170). These data firmly implicate RuvBl2 in Ets2 mediated regulation of hTERT in colon cancer which has functional and clinical consequences.
Site‐directed mutagenesis of epoxide hydrolase to probe catalytic amino acid residues and reaction mechanism
Authors: Pan Haifeng , Xie Zhipeng , Bao Wenna , Cheng Yongqing , Zhang Jianguo , Li Yongquan
Published: July 2011

Epoxide hydrolase from Rhodococcus opacus catalyzes the stereospecific hydrolysis of cis‐epoxysuccinate to L(+)‐tartrate. It shows low but significant similarity to haloacid dehalogenase and haloacetate dehalogenase (16–23% identity). To identify catalytically important residues, we mutated 29 highly conserved charged and polar amino acid residues (except for one alanine). The replacement of D18, D193, R55, K164, H190, T22, Y170, N134 and A188 led to a significant loss in the enzyme activity, indicating their involvement in the catalysis. Single and multiple turnover reaction studies show that the enzyme reaction proceeded through the two‐step mechanism involving the formation of a covalent intermediate. We discuss the roles of these residues and propose its possible reaction mechanism.
Nonlinear transient growth in a vortex column
Authors: HUSSAIN FAZLE , PRADEEP DHOORJATY S. , STOUT ERIC
Published: July 2011

Growth of optimal transient perturbations to an Oseen vortex column into the nonlinear regime is studied via direct numerical simulation (DNS) for Reynolds number, Re (≡ circulation/viscosity), up to 10000. An optimal bending-wave transient mode is obtained from linear analysis and used as the initial condition. (DNS of a vortex column embedded in finer-scale turbulence reveals that optimal modes are preferentially excited during vortex–turbulence interaction.) Tilting of the optimal mode's radial vorticity perturbation into the azimuthal direction and its concomitant stretching by the column's strain field produces positive Reynolds stress, hence kinetic energy growth. Modes experiencing the largest growth are those with initial vorticity localized at a ‘critical radius’ outside the core, such that this perturbation vorticity resonantly induces core waves. Resonant forcing leads to growth of perturbation energy concentrated within the core. Moderate-amplitude (~5%) perturbations cause significant distortion of the core and generate secondary filament-like spiral structures (‘threads’) outside the core. As the mode evolves into the nonlinear regime, radially outward self-advection of thread dipoles accelerates growth arrest by removing the perturbation from the critical radius and disrupting resonant forcing. With increasing Re, the evolving vorticity patterns become more chaotic, more turbulent-like (finer scaled, contorted vorticity), and persist longer. This suggests that at typical Re (~106), nonlinear transient growth may indeed be able to break up, hence induce rapid decay of, column vortices – highly relevant for addressing the aircraft wake hazard crisis and the looming air traffic capacity crisis. In addition, we discover a regenerative transient growth scenario in which threads induce secondary perturbations closer to the vortex column. A parent–offspring regenerative mechanism is postulated and verified by DNS. There is a clear trend towards stronger regenerative growth with increasing Re. These results, showing an important role of transient growth in turbulent vortex decay, are highly relevant to the prediction and control of vortex-dominated flows.
Analytical approximations to the flow field induced by electroosmosis during isotachophoretic transport through a channel
Authors: BAIER TOBIAS , SCHÖNFELD FRIEDHELM , HARDT STEFFEN
Published: July 2011

An analytical approximation is derived for the flow field in the vicinity of a transition zone between electrolytes of different mobility in isotachophoretic transport through a channel. Due to the difference in electroosmotic mobility and electric field on both sides of the transition zone, the flow field consists of a superposition of electroosmotic and pressure-driven flow. The corresponding convective ion transport inherently reduces the resolution of isotachophoretic separation processes. The derived analytical result is adequate for both wide and narrow transition zones and valid in the limit of thin electric double layers, relevant for most situations where isotachophoresis is employed. In this way, it complements and generalizes the results obtained for wide transition zones in the lubrication approximation. The analysis is extended to multiple sample zones with ions of different electrophoretic mobility, a scenario characteristic for applications in the field of analytical chemistry. The results are validated by comparison to finite-element calculations accounting for the transport of different ionic species governed by the coupled Nernst–Planck and Stokes equations, both for situations with only a single transition zone as well as for several transition zones. Excellent agreement is obtained between the analytical and the numerical results for realistic parameter values encountered in ITP experiments. This suggests using the analytical expression for the flow field in the framework of numerical studies of species transport in ITP experiments, since the time-consuming computation of the velocity field is essentially eliminated. The latter is successfully demonstrated using an iterative procedure, numerically solving the Nernst–Planck equation for a given flow field, and using the resulting concentration fields as an input for the derived analytical expression.
Mean dynamics of transitional boundary-layer flow
Authors: KLEWICKI J. , EBNER R. , WU X.
Published: July 2011

The dynamical mechanisms underlying the redistribution of mean momentum and vorticity are explored for transitional two-dimensional boundary-layer flow at nominally zero pressure gradient. The analyses primarily employ the direct numerical simulation database of Wu & Moin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 630, 2009, p. 5), but are supplemented with verifications utilizing subsequent similar simulations. The transitional regime is taken to include both an instability stage, which effectively generates a finite Reynolds stress profile, −ρuv(y), and a nonlinear development stage, which progresses until the terms in the mean momentum equation attain the magnitude ordering of the four-layer structure revealed by Wei et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 522, 2005, p. 303). Self-consistently applied criteria reveal that the third layer of this structure forms first, followed by layers IV and then II and I. For the present flows, the four-layer structure is estimated to be first realized at a momentum thickness Reynolds number Rθ = U∞ θ/ν ≃ 780. The first-principles-based theory of Fife et al. (J. Disc. Cont. Dyn. Syst. A, vol. 24, 2009, p. 781) is used to describe the mean dynamics in the laminar, transitional and four-layer regimes. As in channel flow, the transitional regime is marked by a non-negligible influence of all three terms in the mean momentum equation at essentially all positions in the boundary layer. During the transitional regime, the action of the Reynolds stress gradient rearranges the mean viscous force and mean advection profiles. This culminates with the segregation of forces characteristic of the four-layer regime. Empirical and theoretical evidence suggests that the formation of the four-layer structure also underlies the emergence of the mean dynamical properties characteristic of the high-Reynolds-number flow. These pertain to why and where the mean velocity profile increasingly exhibits logarithmic behaviour, and how and why the Reynolds stress distribution develops such that the inner normalized position of its peak value, ym+, exhibits a Reynolds number dependence according to $y_m^+ {\,\simeq\,} 1.9 \sqrt{\delta^+}$.
Effect of a cocoa flavonoid-enriched diet on experimental autoimmune arthritis
Authors: Ramos-Romero Sara , Pérez-Cano Francisco J. , Pérez-Berezo Teresa , Castellote Cristina , Franch Angels , Castell Margarida
Published: July 2011

Previously we established that a cocoa-enriched diet in young rats reduces specific antibody production and the T helper (Th) lymphocyte proportion in lymphoid tissues. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the modulatory ability of a cocoa flavonoid-enriched diet on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), which is mediated by anti-collagen autoantibody response and Th lymphocyte activation. Female Louvain (LOU) rats were fed with a cocoa-enriched diet, beginning 2 weeks before CIA induction. Hind-paw swelling and serum cytokine and anti-collagen antibody concentrations were determined. Anti-collagen antibody-secreting cell counts and lymphocyte subset proportions were established in inguinal lymph nodes (ILN). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and TNFα produced by peritoneal macrophages were determined. Although arthritic cocoa-fed rats showed a similar hind-paw swelling time course as the arthritic animals fed a standard diet, the cocoa intake was able to decrease specific IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG2c titres. Moreover, cocoa intake in CIA rats reduced ROS production, TNFα and NO release from peritoneal macrophages, and decreased the Th:cytotoxic T cell ratio in ILN. In conclusion, a cocoa flavonoid-enriched diet in LOU rats with CIA produced no effect on hind-paw swelling but was able to modulate the specific antibody response and also the Th lymphocyte proportion, as well as the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators from peritoneal macrophages. Therefore, a cocoa-enriched diet could be a good adjuvant therapy in disorders with oxidative stress or autoimmune pathogenesis.
INTO THE LION'S DEN: HELMUT LACHENMANN AT 75
Authors: Swithinbank Christopher
Published: July 2011

In April 2010, the Guildhall School of Music recognized German composer Helmut Lachenmann's expertise in extended instrumental techniques, inviting him to give the keynote speech at a research day dedicated to contemporary performance practice; in May, he had a Fellowship of the Royal College of Music conferred upon him for his achievements as a composer; in June, the London Symphony Orchestra performed Lachenmann's Double (Grido II) for string orchestra, in doing so becoming the first non-BBC British orchestra to have performed his music; and in October, the Southbank Centre presented two days of Lachenmann's music including performances by the Arditti String Quartet and a much expanded London Sinfonietta, the latter broadcast on Radio 3. Outside London, Birmingham Contemporary Music Group gave a performance of his most recent work, Got Lost for soprano and piano, and the University of Manchester presented a mini-festival dedicated to his music. This roll call of events might be seen then as the celebration to be expected as a noted composer passes a milestone, but Lachenmann is a composer who – despite his age – could until recently have escaped such attention in Britain. In 1995, Elke Hockings wrote in these pages that, while enjoying ‘an exalted reputation among a small circle of English contemporary music enthusiasts, […] to the wider English music public he [Lachenmann] is little known’ and critical reception has been mixed, often extremely negative. Introducing Lachenmann to an audience at the Southbank Centre in October, Ivan Hewett described him as ‘a composer we don't know well in this country, an omission we are gradually repairing’.
I.—The Christian Antiquities of Tripolitania
Authors: Ward Perkins J. B. , Goodchild R. G.
Published: July 2011

In late antiquity, as under the earlier Empire, Tripolitania was a small and somewhat isolated territory. The creation of a separate province of Tripolitania, in the closing years of the third century, was no more than the official recognition of an established geographical fact. There continued to be important military and cultural links with the provinces to the west; but the natural isolation of the territory was inevitably increased by the decline in public security; and although the church came under the primacy of the bishop of Carthage, the records of the church councils bear eloquent witness to the hazards and difficulties of travel from such outlying districts. It is hardly surprising, therefore, that the surviving Christian antiquities of Tripolitania exhibit a robust regionalism; or that artistically, with the single exception of the mosaic in the church that Justinian built at Sabratha, none is of outstanding intrinsic merit.
II.—The Temple of the Imperial Cult at Luxor
Authors: de Villard U. Monneret
Published: July 2011

Every visitor to the temple of Luxor is familiar with the central hall that is described by all the leading authorities as a Christian church, adapted from a Pharaonic building of the time of Amenophis III. The date of the original building is given by the magnificent series of bas-reliefs on the walls, most of which have been revealed from beneath a thick coating of plaster, on the remaining parts of which can still be seen traces of late antique paintings. It is, in the main, these paintings that have attracted the attention of scholars, both of those who saw them immediately after excavation and of those who, since then, have deplored their almost total destruction at the hands of the Egyptologists, who stripped off the greater part of the stucco to reveal the underlying Egyptian sculpture. Somers Clarke had good reason to protest: ‘We may admit that for the purposes of a complete study of the excellent wall sculptures it was necessary to remove these paintings: but it was a piece of unscientific barbarism to break them up without even procuring careful copies.’
V.—Some Seventeenth-century Houses in Great Yarmouth
Authors: O'Neil B. H. St. J
Published: July 2011

Great Yarmouth has been fortunate in its historians and archaeologists. There, can, for instance, be few towns in England boasting so useful a record of its past as Henry Manship's History of Great Yarmouth, edited by Charles John Palmer, F.S.A., in 1854. Manship's father, another Henry, was elected into the Corporation in 1550, and appears to have taken an active part in affairs connected with the Haven in 1560. The younger Henry was educated at the Free Grammar School, and, whilst still a schoolboy, laboured with his own hands at the fortifications. He was Town Clerk from 1579 to 1585, and continued to be a member of the Corporation until 1604. Thereafter, although sometimes at loggerheads with some of his contemporaries, he busied himself upon his history of the town, compiled from records, most of which have since been lost. The history was finished in 1619, and the Corporation voted Manship a gratuity of £50. He died in poverty in 1625.
III.—Medieval Copper Champlevé Enamelled Images of the Virgin and Child
Authors: Hildburgh W. L.
Published: July 2011

In the group of images in the round with which this study is primarily concerned, the Virgin Mary is represented enthroned and holding the Child Christ on her left knee. He usually is seated, but sometimes stands. Two distinct methods of construction appear in these images: in one, a carved wooden core is overlaid with thin, but stiffish, sheets of copper shaped to conform closely to the surface of the carving; in the other, the image is constituted of stout sheets of copper beaten into shape and is hollow. It may be presumed that the craftsmen who made these images were heirs respectively of two separate traditions—one, that of sheathing a wooden core with metal; the other, that of applying metal figures in relief upon a champlevé enamelled surface. The images of both types are enriched with champlevé enamels. Perhaps some of the wooden-cored ones were sheathed to keep them from disintegration through decay or the ravages of worms, because of the special veneration in which they were currently held, but there are a number whose cores look to have been carved with an immediate view to employment as foundations for their present metallic casings. Most of the images, whether cored or coreless, would seem to have been made in the same region, and conceivably by one lot of workshops fairly closely associated with each other.
III.—Excavations at Chun Castle in Penwith, Cornwall (Second Report)
Authors: Leeds E. Thurlow
Published: July 2011

The investigation of the interior of the castle in 1925 resulted in the discovery of a series of furnaces in front of the well, the exploration of a circular house east of the well, and partial excavation of an area near the wall on the east side of the castle. The accumulation of debris from the wall, however, prevented continuation of this last piece of work right up to the wall itself. In 1927, therefore, with the kind permission of Mr. N. Matthews, who, since the first exploration in 1925, had acquired the property on which Chun Castle stands, it was decided to conduct further excavations in order to ascertain the nature of the site by the east wall and to investigate another portion of the interior of the castle.
VII.—The Fourteenth-century Glass at Wells
Authors: Robinson J. Armitage
Published: July 2011

The earliest painted glass preserved in the cathedral church of Wells— with the exception of the ten small tracery lights on the staircase leading to the chapter-house–belongs to the opening years of the fourteenth century. The reason for this is to be found in the history of the building. Begun under Bishop Reginald about the year 1186, it represents the period of transition between the Norman and the Early English styles. The thick walls with their straight buttresses are of the Norman type: the stout piers of the nave would betray the Norman heaviness, if each were not surrounded by four and twenty slender shafts. But, on the other hand, this is the first great church in England to banish wholly the round arch, which was still being used at Glastonbury for ornament where the structure did not require the new pointed form. In this transitional style Bishop Reginald's church was carried through to the end of the nave under Bishop Jocelin (1205-42), until the western wall was reached; and then, in the latter half of that great builder's time, we get quite suddenly the full perfection of the Early English in the elaborate splendour of the great west front.
IV.—The Northfleet 50-foot Submergence later than the Coombe Rock of post-Early Mousterian times
Authors: Burchell J. P. T.
Published: July 2011

Researches conducted during the past twenty years have definitely succeeded in establishing the sequence, both archaeological and geological, of the Boyn Hill or ‘100-foot’ terrace of the Lower Thames. The culture-stages there represented are set out hereunder in ascending order, beginning with the oldest:

(1) Clactonian 1; these specimens, many of which are striated, have been derived from some earlier deposit not yet located :

(2) Clactonian 2 and 3 :

(3) Acheulian :

(4) Early Mousterian (Levalloisian A of mid-Pleistocene times).
XI.—Recent Discoveries in the Nave of Westminster Abbey
Authors: Tanner Lawrence E. , Clapham A. W.
Published: July 2011

The recent discoveries in the nave of Westminster Abbey will be described in detail by Mr. A. W. Clapham in the second part of this paper, and he will indicate the architectural conclusions to be drawn from them, and the relationship between the abbey church of Edward the Confessor, and the other eleventh-century abbey churches in Normandy.
XIII.—Notes on the Armour worn in Spain from the tenth to the fifteenth century
Authors: Mann James G.
Published: July 2011

The Royal Armoury at Madrid is justly famous. But it is predominantly a Renaissance armoury, and for range and variety must yield the first place in Europe to the other Habsburg armoury at Vienna. If one wishes to trace the history of defensive armour in Spain prior to the sixteenth century one must look farther afield. Actual specimens of medieval armour are to-day as rare in Spain as in other countries, and knowledge of the earlier periods must, as elsewhere, be supplemented by the evidence of contemporary sculpture, painting, and literature.
XIV.—The London Customs House during the Middle Ages
Authors: Mills Mabel H.
Published: July 2011

The actual working of a medieval port is a fascinating subject for study: when the port is London, and the time the fourteenth century, the interest is increased, for this is the earliest date at which the customs administration takes definite shape. The present paper was undertaken as part of the investigations into the life and works of Chaucer carried on by Professor Manly and Professor Rickert of the University of Chicago with the aid of a grant from the General Education Board. The research into Chaucer's work as controller of customs involved the collection of material of a more general character with only an indirect bearing on the poet's life. In this paper, with Mr. Manly's generous permission, is set out an account of the site of the Woolwharf with the buildings on it, a story which affords glimpses of the officials at work on the quay, of the machinery for the collection and administration of the customs in the port of London. The object of the search being limited, the present study makes no claim to be exhaustive in its treatment, though a large number of records have been examined at both the Public Record Office and the Guildhall.
XV.—The Church of Asinou, Cyprus, and its Frescoes
Authors: Seymer Vivian , Buckler W. H. , Buckler W. H.
Published: July 2011

This article is in four sections. The first, by the Bishop of Gibraltar, describes his original visit to the church and the impression made upon him by its interior. The second, by Major Vivian Seymer, gives an account of the fabric and the main features of its probable history. In the third section Mr. William Buckler catalogues the frescoes, with brief notice of each, and transcribes the inscriptions on them in cases where these seem to be of special interest. Lastly, Mrs. William Buckler states reasons, based on the evidence of the three historical inscriptions, for believing that the church was probably erected in 1106 by Nicephorus, son-in-law of the emperor Alexius Comnenus and brother-in-law of Anna Comnena the historian. The plan and sections are by Major Seymer.
VIII.—Visigoth or Vandal?
Authors: Leeds E. Thurlow
Published: July 2011

For many years I have entertained considerable doubts in regard to the generally accepted chronology of some of the fine jewellery belonging to the early period of the great migrations in south-east Europe in the late fourth and early fifth centuries. This paper is an attempt to submit the evidence for reconsideration.
II.—Some Aspects of the Craft of the Armourer
Authors: Ffoulkes Charles
Published: July 2011

There are certain details connected with the craft of the armourer, or rather with his productions, which hitherto have not received the attention which they undoubtedly deserve; for they bear very definitely on the whole subject of military equipment and as such require careful consideration if we are to use sculptured or pictorial contemporary records as illustrations of military operations. Writers on arms and armour have, with few if any exceptions, dealt solely with design and form, and have seldom noticed the reasons why certain types of equipment were introduced; nor have they drawn attention to the many obvious drawbacks or advantages of constructional details which force themselves upon one's notice if the subject is studied from the point of view of the man who wore the armour and had to fight in it.
IV.—The Uranical Astrolabe and other Inventions of John Blagrave of Reading
Authors: Gunther R. T.
Published: July 2011

The Object of the present communication is to bring together again three closely related items of antiquarian interest, which have got separated, and thus to recombine the parts of a long-forgotten scientific instrument of the Elizabethan Age, the invention of John Blagrave of Reading. Were any one of these three cluesto be lost, it would be impossible to reconstruct his Uranical Astrolabe.
VII.—The Excavations on the Temple of Nadû at Nineveh
Authors: Thompson R. Campbell , Hutchinson R. W.
Published: July 2011

The present article gives the account of the excavation of the Temple of Nabû in Kouyunjik, the larger mound of Nineveh, under British Museum auspices. A brief description has already been given in our A Century of Exploration at Nineveh (Luzac, 1929, referred to herein as CEN), and so we shall avoid repetition so far as is consistent with due description. Besides the excavation of this temple, our digging revealed the first chambers of a palace of Ashurnasirpal at 23 to 26 depth, and in digging out part of a house built by Sennacherib for his son Ashursumusabsi (?) (here abbreviated to SH) we found a practically perfect prism of Esarhaddon, and about fourscore more pieces of prisms of Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, and Ashurbanipal (see CEN 83), as well as numerous pots and lamps.
I.—The British Section of the Ravenna Cosmography
Authors: Richmond I. A. , Crawford O. G. S.
Published: July 2011

The compilation of the Ravenna Cosmography, as we have it, belongs to the late seventh century. It was done by a cleric of Ravenna, for one Odo, whom he describes as ‘dearset brother’ and ‘friend’, and the object of the work is to furnish a list of the countries, towns, and rivers of the known world, compiled from Greek, Roman, and Gothic authors. The author, who nowhere states his name, observes that a list was chosen as the form for the work, for brevity's sake (i, 18), in preference to a map or an itinerary; and its composition was governed by the Judaic version of the division of the world, as prescribed in the tenth chapter of Genesis, in order to harmonize with contemporary Christian belief. The authorities cited are divided (i, 5) into sancti patres and huius mundi philosophi, in an attitude of humane tolerance expressed by the phrase, adiuvante Christo cum munimine philosophorum.
II.—English Alabaster Carvings as Records of the Medieval Religious Drama
Authors: Hildburgh W. L.
Published: July 2011

The idea, long since accepted, that the English alabaster-carvers of the fourteenth, fifteenth, and early sixteenth centuries depicted in their reliefs things times has, I believe, not seriously been questioned. As Prior, writing in 1913, put it, ‘since the scenes [as they appeared in the carvings] were those of contemporary representation in passion-plays and mysteries, the pasteboard make-ups of the religious stage, which were on view in every great city, were at hand as models to the shop-carvers. We may take it that in table-sculpture we…find…as it were, stage soldiers and property virgins’; ‘the blackening of the faces of the ruffians and executioners and heretics, as seen in many of the tables, was no doubt a stage trick’; and ‘The feather tights on angels…have the unmistakable appearance of a stage outfit’. Émile Mâle, discussing (in 1904) the effect, on medieval art, of the religious plays, had already observed that, although les érudits had posé mille questions concerning how the mystery-plays had been staged, the answer was clearly to be seen in numberless paintings, stained-glass windows, miniatures, and altar-pieces, which ‘nous offrent sans cesse l'image exact de ce qu'on voyait au théâtre’.
IV.—The Ghost or Shadow as a Charge in Heraldry
Authors: London H. Stanford
Published: July 2011

The charge which forms the subject of this paper is blazoned in French ombre and in Latin umbra, and one or other of these terms is used in the few cases in which the charge occurs in English blazon outside the text-books. There can be little doubt but that the word ought to be interpreted as ghost or phantom, but the compiler of The Boke of St. Albans translated it by shadow, and he was followed by Gerard Legh and sundry later writers who apparently took that word in its everyday sense. It was certainly so understood by Cornelius Gailliard, for he paraphrased it by umbrage, and I suspect that it was a like misinterpretation which inspired the de Varennes-Vulson heresy mentioned hereinafter. In the following pages I propose first to review the statements of the various English and continental armorists who mention the ombre and thereafter to consider the charge in actual use.
V.—On Some Recent Discoveries in Westminster Abbey
Authors: Peers Charles , Tanner Lawrence E.
Published: July 2011

On 14th November 1302 Humpherey de Bohun, early Hereford and Essex and constable of England, married at Westminster the Lady Elizabeth,widow of John, count of Holland and Zealand, and daughter of King Edward I, by his first wife Eleanor, daughter of Ferdinand III, king of Castile. In due course—we do not know the exact date—a daughter was born to them and was called Mary.
I.—The Belgic Dynasties of Britain and their Coins
Authors: Allen Derek
Published: July 2011

The history of Belgic Britain has usually been reconstructed around the names of the few known kings or chieftains. Apart from two inscriptions and some casual references in classical authors, our only information about them comes from the coinage which bears their names. The pioneer work on this subject was done by Sir John Evans in the last century, and his book is still the chief authority, but many of his conclusions now require modification. This is largely due to the researches of Dr. G. C. Brooke, who shortly before his death suggested a new dating for the earlier and uninscribed coins, but died before he had had time to apply the results fully to the inscribed series.
II.—Excavation of Barrows on Crichel and Launceston Downs, Dorset
Authors: Piggott Stuart , Piggott C. M.
Published: July 2011

The excavations to be described were undertaken at the request of H.M. Office of Works in the summer of 1938, and were in the nature of ‘rescue work’, for the area on which the barrows lay had been acquired by a government department and it was felt desirable that some at least of the barrows should be excavated in advance of operations in order to avoid possible damage. With regard to the choice of sites, as will be seen from the site plan (fig. 1), there are altogether some 34 barrows in the area acquired by the Ministry, but it was found possible to limit the actual excavation to eighteen, mainly of small size and elevation, and many extremely small, and mostly within the central area of the ground. The rejection of the large barrows was largely governed by the time factor since the excavation of a large barrow would be of necessity a longer task than that of a small one, and in the limited time allowed we were faced with the alternative of excavating two or three large barrows or a larger number of relatively small mounds.
I.—The Distribution of the Angles and Saxons Archaeologically Considered
Authors: Leeds E. T.
Published: July 2011

This monograph was originally intended as a study of the various types of so-called small-long brooch and their distribution. It has, however, grown far beyond the limits of a single class, because for purposes of comparison I found myself led on to compile one map after another illustrating the distribution of other of the humbler Anglo-Saxon brooch-types, and also certain aspects of the distribution of better known types and of other objects in use among the Anglo-Saxons outside eastern Kent. This series of maps, it is hoped, will supplement those relating to the more ornate brooches published in my Early Anglo-Saxon Art and Archaeology (Rhind Lectures, 1935).
I.—The Christian Antiquities of Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Buxton D. R.
Published: July 2011

The subject of this paper is a forgotten and neglected style of architecture represented to-day by only a handful of monuments scattered among the mountains of northern Ethiopia. This is one of the by-ways of architecture, linked only obscurely with its main high-roads, and leading nowhere, unless it leads at some future time to a revived Ethiopian style. But, like other by-ways, it offers a fascinating field of inquiry, and one so little studied that the new-comer to it is free—for want of any established theories—to interpret it in his own way.
II.—On a Missing Alhambra Vase, and the Ornament of the Vase Series
Authors: Put A. Van De
Published: July 2011

Present knowledge of the so-called Alhambra Vase series suggests that a known total of a dozen or so examples falls short of the vases that exist. A fine though, as usual, imperfect addition to the group attributed to Malaga, excavated at the Carthusian monastery at Jerez de la Frontera in 1930, is now in the Archaeological Museum at Madrid. The Burgio Vase was almost unknown at the moment of its acquisition for the Instituto de Valencia de Don Juan, Madrid, in 1924, although recorded by Michele Amari in 1872, together with its fellow at Mazzara that entered the Palermo Museum in the eighties of the nineteenth century. The ‘Giarra di S. Ugo’ with an immemorial location at the Cistercian church at Novara, near Messina, but a precise état civil going back less than half a century, has more recently asserted itself. If the ‘Giarra’ is ill preserved, the details of its decoration that are available indicate with some likelihood that this is a Hispano-Moresque vase of Alhambra type; though, to judge from its reported dimension as to height, of the second, rather than the first rank. It may have been one of the plusieurs vases découvertes en Sidle in which Girault de Prangey discerned, perhaps not too correctly, the closest analogy of shape, execution, and material to the surviving specimen at Granada.
III.—A Saxon Village at Sutton Courtenay, Berkshire Third Report
Authors: Leeds E. Thurlow
Published: July 2011

Shortly after the presentation of the Second Report to the Society, in March 1926, the gravel-workings from which the material for both this and the First Report had been obtained were abandoned, the site of House XX marking the southerly limit of the land leased for exploitation. On a tour, however, of the district south of the Thames between Drayton and Long Wittenham in 1930, I found that a wide drift had been cut leading southwards from the Drayton-Sutton Courtenay road immediately east of Council cottages newly erected, and that new workings had been for some time in progress under the management of the Berkshire County Council, along the eastern boundary of the older pit.
I.—The Monastery of Debra Damo, Ethiopia
Authors: Matthews Derek , Mordini Antonio
Published: July 2011

The famous monastery of Debra Damo in Tigrai, known to be of great importance in Northern Ethiopia over a very long period of history, preserves in its church one of the few examples still extant of an ancient style of Ethiopian architecture.
IV.—The Swan Badge and the Swan Knight
Authors: Wagner Anthony R.
Published: July 2011

The scribe of these and the following lines, which lament the English disasters France about 1449, had the kindness to insert the names of the noblemen, thus denoted by their badges. The Root, he tells us, for example, is Bedforde, the swan Gloucetter, and the cresset Excetter. This swan badge of Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, who died in 1447, is familiar, but he was by no means the only bearer of a swan in his time. It had been the badge of the great house of Bohun, earls of Hereford and Essex (pls. XXXVI, g; XXXVII, g; XL), and is assumed to have come to Humphrey through the marriage of his father the earl of Derby, later King Henry IV (pls. XXXVI, f; XXXVII, g; XL), with Mary de Bohun the younger daughter and coheir of Humphrey, earl of Hereford. But even among Mary's own descendants Duke Humphrey was not alone in using it, for Henry V (pls. XXXIV, a, b; XL), Henry VI, and the latter's son Edward did so too. Mary's elder sister Eleanor (pls. XXXVII, f; XL) used it also, as did her husband, Thomas of Woodstock (pls. XXXIV, c, d, e; XL), duke of Gloucester, and the Staffords, dukes of Buckingham (pls. XXXVI, a, c; XL), descended from their daughter Anne. Nor was this all, for in 1325 Margaret de Bohun (pls. XXXIX, b; XL), the daughter of an earlier Humphrey, earl of Hereford and Essex, had married Hugh de Courtenay, earl of Devon, and many of their descendants, Courtenays (pls. XXXIV, f, j; XXXVII, h; XL), Luttrells (pls. XXXVII, a, b, c, e, i, j; XL) and others (pl. XXXIX, a) used swans as badges, or as crests or supporters in their arms.
V.—The Greyhound as a Royal Beast
Authors: London H. Stanford
Published: July 2011

The greyhound, from its use as a royal beast by Henry VII and the other sovereigns of the House of Tudor, is familiar to every student of armory and to many who care nothing for the noble science. It was, moreover, brought prominently to our notice at the time of the queen's coronation by its inclusion among the ten Queen's Beasts which were then set up outside Westminster Abbey, and which were afterwards placed in the Great Hall at Hampton Court Palace.
II.—The Jutish Style A. A Study of Germanic Animal Art in Southern England in the Fifth Century A.D
Authors: Hawkes Sonia Chadwick
Published: July 2011

In 1915 Professor Baldwin Brown drew attention to a class of metalwork, found in Anglo-Saxon graves in the south of England, and decorated with examples of a distinctive animal style, more naturalistic than Anglo-Saxon style I. This style he considered to be a direct descendant of late Roman art forms, although produced, not in the years immediately following the Anglo-Saxon settlement, but after a considerable time lapse, towards the middle of the sixth century. A similar view was expressed in 1923 by Reginald Smith. Nils Åberg, writing in 1926, was noncommittal about dates, but saw the inspiration for the style in a blend of late Roman and Eastern Mediterranean tradition. It was not until 1936, however, that a more detailed critical estimate of the objects was published, this time by E. T. Leeds in his Early Anglo-Saxon Art and Archaeology. Leeds compared their decoration with that of examples of Gallo-Roman art in the late fourth and early fifth centuries and concluded that they came from the same style milieu. He wrote:

All the pieces here noticed clearly belong to a cultural phase, presenting indeed many affinities to the Germanic style of the settlement period; but, in reality, they represent a continental style antecedent to that development in southern England. … There is every reason to believe that they are objects ante-dating the invasion, and, if it is desired to know what native women were wearing before or at the time of Hengist’s landing, this group supplies the information.
IV.—The Palace of Westminster Sword
Authors: Dunning G. C. , Evison Vera I.
Published: July 2011

The sword was found in September 1948 in the course of deep excavations for the foundations of a new underground boiler-house for the Houses of Parliament, in Victoria Tower Gardens on the south side of the House of Lords. As the site lies within the precincts of the medieval Palace of Westminster, the sword has been given this title to distinguish it from other ancient swords found in the region. The sword is Crown property, and after cleaning and preservative treatment in the laboratory of the Ancient Monuments Inspectorate, it has been placed on exhibition in the Jewel Tower at Westminster by kind permission of the Lord Great Chamberlain.
II.—Recent Discoveries at the Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem
Authors: Harvey William , Harvey John H.
Published: July 2011

It has for many years been disputed whether the existing structure of the Church of the Nativity at Bethlehem were that built by Constantine, in the first half of the fourth century, or a later restoration or rebuilding under Justinian, some two centuries later. The documentary evidence is insufficient to decide the point, as no unequivocal description of the present church exists earlier than that of Sophronius in A. D. 635, which describes the building as τρίκογχος, triple-vaulted, or tri-apsidal. Unfortunately, this comes a century too late to decide the point at issue (pl. XIII).
IV.—The Sculpture of Visigothic France
Authors: Perkins J. B. Ward
Published: July 2011

The sculpture of Dark Age France is still almost unknown to archaeologists This is due not to any shortage of material, some of it of a high quality, but rather to an absence of adequate publication. A certain number of objects have been reproduced ad nauseam in the major works of reference. But with the exception of the illustrations in Coutil, L'Art mérovingien et carolingien (an extremely valuable, if inaccurate, body of material) and in De Lasteyrie, L'Architecture religieuse en France à l'époque romane, and of sporadic records in the journals of local societies, there is little else that is available for study. It ishardly surprising that even the main lines of development of French sculpture in this period are quite uncertain; and that uncertainty is at present likely to remain. In the absence of published material the most that can be attempted is the identification and description of single groups of sculpture, which may ultimately provide the bricks for some more imposing structure.
VI.—Notes on Early Coptic Sculpture
Authors: Kitzinger Ernst
Published: July 2011

Complete agreement has not yet been reached among students as to the part played by Egypt in the history of Early Christian and Early Byzantine art. There are two problems around which discussion has chiefly centred. The first concerns Alexandria. Some authorities believe that this town remained a stronghold of Hellenistic art throughout the Christian period, and that it maintained the highest classical standard at a time when most of the Mediterraneancountries were already submerged in what are commonly called the Dark Ages. This theory has, however, been contested by other writers who think that Alexandrian art sank as early as the fifth century to the level of provincialism, and that from that time onwards Constantinople was the chief centre in which the classical tradition was preserved.