bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photos and videographic images, part 2
Authors: Rainsberger Richard
Published: February 2025

Do you remember the media center director from last month's column? He was the person who asked me, during a Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act workshop, if his college could include photographs and videos of students as directory information. He asked the question since his office had been obtaining signed consents from students before the media center took their pictures. Of course, the advantage to him was that, if photos/videos could be part of the college's directory information, his office would not have to obtain the students’ written consents before their pictures were taken. The office would only have to know which of the students had exercised their FERPA right of non‐disclosure. Thus, a sizable bureaucratic burden would disappear. That, in fact, is what happened, and the media center director became a happy camper.
Needle‐tract seeding following transabdominal ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy and cystocentesis of a cytologically diagnosed prostatic carcinoma in a dog
Authors: Vrijsen Emily , Hamaide Annick , Bolen Géraldine , Noël Stéphanie
Published: February 2025

A 10‐year‐old, neutered, male, mixed‐breed dog underwent ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsies, leading to cytological suspicion of prostatic carcinoma. A whole‐body computed tomography and computed tomography retrograde urethrography were performed, confirming a mineralised asymmetric heterogenous prostatomegaly, with an invasion of the prostatic urethra and bladder trigonum and suspected distant metastasis to multiple organs. Prostatectomy was not recommended due to the invasiveness of the prostatic neoplasia. Instead, medical treatment with toceranib was installed, which led to clinical improvement for 7 months. Eight months after the medical treatment was started, the dog presented with a new para‐preputial cutaneous mass and regional lymphadenopathy. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsies of the cutaneous mass and right superficial inguinal lymph node were taken. Cytology of the mass and lymph node revealed tumoral epithelial cells compatible with an undifferentiated adenocarcinoma or carcinoma. Given the fact that previous fine‐needle aspiration biopsies of the prostate and a cystocentesis were performed, needle‐tract seeding was highly suspected.
An equivalency and efficiency study for one year digital pathology for clinical routine diagnostics in an accredited tertiary academic center
Authors: Iwuajoku Viola , Ekici Kübra , Haas Anette , Khan Mohammed Zaid , Kazemi Azar , Kasajima Atsuko , Delbridge Claire , Muckenhuber Alexander , Schmoeckel Elisa , Stögbauer Fabian , Bollwein Christine , Schwamborn Kristina , Steiger Katja , Mogler Carolin , Schüffler Peter J.
Published: February 2025

Digital pathology is revolutionizing clinical diagnostics by offering enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility of pathological examinations. This study explores the implementation and validation of digital pathology in a large tertiary academic center, focusing on its gradual integration and transition into routine clinical diagnostics. In a comprehensive validation process over a 6-month period, we compared sign-out of digital and physical glass slides of a wide range of different tissue specimens and histopathological diagnoses. Key metrics such as diagnostic concordance and user satisfaction were assessed by involving the pathologists in a validation training and study phase. We measured turnaround times before and after transitioning to digital pathology to assess the impact on overall efficiency. Our results demonstrate a 99% concordance between the analog and digital reports while at the same time reducing the time to sign out a case by almost a minute, suggesting potential long-term efficiency gains. Our digital transition positively impacted our pathology workflow: Pathologists reported increased flexibility and satisfaction due to the ease of accessing and sharing digital slides. However, challenges were identified, including technical issues related to image quality and system integration. Lessons learned from this study emphasize the importance of robust training programs, adequate IT support, and ongoing evaluation to ensure successful integration. This validation study confirms that digital pathology is a viable and beneficial tool for accurate clinical routine diagnostics in large academic centers, offering insights for other institutions considering similar endeavors.
Long-term efficacy and quality of life after antireflux surgery
Authors: Bang Philip K. , Andersen Naja H. , Hvid-Jensen Frederik , Bjerregaard Niels Christian , Kjaer Daniel W.
Published: February 2025

Background

Antireflux surgery (ARS) has been found to be an effective treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD); however, the long-term effects are uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of ARS on quality of life, symptom severity, and use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Methods

A validated GERD Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) Questionnaire was sent to 419 patients who underwent ARS at Aarhus University Hospital from January 2012 to April 2020. Patient records were reviewed retrospectively. The Danish National Prescription Registry was used to collect data on the use of PPIs before and after ARS.

Results

A response rate of 71% resulted in a total of 164 patients included in the study with a median follow-up time of 4.8 years (interquartile range: 2.5–6.7). The total GERD-HRQL median score at follow-up was 11.5 (IQR: 4–22). The proportion of patients experiencing daily symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation was significantly reduced pre- to postoperatively from 90 to 70% to 32% and 29%, respectively. Five years after surgery, 47% of patients had completely ceased PPI usage, while 44% were long-term users.

Conclusion

A lasting long-term effect of ARS on GERD symptoms was found, although almost a third of patients still experience heartburn and/or regurgitation daily. Almost half of patients were not taking PPIs 5 years after ARS, but 44% became long-term users. Patients should be made aware that long-term PPI therapy often is necessary following ARS.

Graphical Abstract
On the smallest support size of integer solutions to linear equations
Authors: Dubey Yatharth , Liu Siyue
Published: February 2025

In this note, we study the size of the support of integer solutions to linear equations

$$Ax=b, ~x\in \mathbb {Z}^n$$

A
x
=
b
,

x
∈

Z

n

where

$$A\in \mathbb {Z}^{m\times n}, b\in \mathbb {Z}^n$$

A
∈

Z

m
×
n

,
b
∈

Z

n

. We give an upper bound on the smallest support size as a function of A, taken as a worst case over all b such that the above system has a solution. This bound is asymptotically tight, and in fact matches the bound given in [1], while the proof presented here is simpler, relying only on linear algebra.
Klimaschutz nach Baku und ohne Trump: Konsequenzen auf EU-Ebene
Authors: Frenz Walter
Published: February 2025

Der Klimaschutz erlitt durch die Klimafolgekonferenz in Baku und die vorherige Ankündigung Trumps
zum Ausstieg aus dem internationalen Klimaschutz einen schweren Dämpfer. Es erfolgten keine konkreten
Beschlüsse zur CO2-Reduktion und einer der wichtigsten CO2-Emittenten steigt aus dem völkerrechtlichen
System aus. Wie geht es weiter? Diese Frage stellt sich vor allem für die EU-Ebene mit einer neuen
Betonung der Stärkung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, die an die Seite des Klimaschutzes gestellt wird.
The Genetic Specificity of Cognitive Tests After Controlling for General Cognitive Ability
Authors: Procopio Francesca , Keser Engin , Knyspel Jacob , Malanchini Margherita , Rimfeld Kaili , Plomin Robert
Published: February 2025

Diverse tests of cognitive abilities correlate about 0.30 phenotypically and about 0.60 genetically. Their phenotypic overlap defines general cognitive ability (g), driven largely by genetic overlap. Consequently, much of our understanding of the genetic landscape of specific cognitive tests likely reflects g rather than the tests themselves. Removing this g-associated genetic variance will sharpen research on cognitive tests. Here, we use Genomic Structural Equation Modelling (Genomic SEM) to remove shared genetic variance among 12 diverse cognitive tests that capture verbal and nonverbal cognitive domains. We applied Genomic SEM to summary statistics from the largest genome-wide association studies of verbal tests (GenLang Consortium, five tests) and largely nonverbal tests (UK Biobank, seven tests) to chart the genetic landscape of the 12 tests independent of g as compared to uncorrected cognitive tests. We found that SNP heritabilities were nearly as high for the tests corrected for g as uncorrected: the average SNP heritability was 0.16 (SE = 0.02) for the uncorrected tests and 0.13 (SE = 0.02) for the tests corrected for g. Despite this, the genetic landscape of the cognitive tests transformed after controlling for genomic g. The matrix of positive genetic correlations for the cognitive tests (average 0.45) disappeared after g-correction, and some strong negative correlations emerged; for instance, Memory and Word (-0.72), Fluid and Symbol (-0.72), and Tower and Spelling (-0.79). The summary statistics for these g-corrected cognitive tests can be used by researchers to create polygenic scores that focus on the specificity of the tests.
Feasibility and Effects of Exercise During Working Hours in Acute Hospital Staff – A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nielsen S. G. , Pedersen M. , Toftager-Oster J. U. , Saervoll C. A. , Fischer T. K. , Lindegaard B. , Molsted S.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Workplace health interventions with exercise have positive effects on musculoskeletal pain and well-being at work, however, effectiveness is questioned due to low adherence. In hospitals participation is challenged by shiftwork and unpredictable workload. Our aim was to investigate the feasibility of exercise during working hours in an acute hospital, herein to estimate the health impact to guide management decisions on implementation.

Methods

A clinical trial in a public hospital, offering staff supervised group-based individualized exercise with combined aerobic and strength training during working hours twice weekly for 20 weeks. Delivery, acceptance, and adherence were investigated. Subjective outcomes were social capital, well-being, quality of life, and musculoskeletal pain were assessed. Objective outcomes were blood pressure, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness.

Results

Twenty-three percent of the employees (n = 617) accepted participation (92% female, median age was 50 years, 38% nurses). Adherence was 29% with no difference between employees with clinical versus non-clinical functions. Non-clinicians participated during working hours, while clinicians participated outside of working hours in 50% (IQR 5–87) of the sessions. Positive changes were seen in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (decreased 2.0 [0.9; 2.2] and 0.9 [0.1; 1.7] mmHG, respectively), aerobic capacity 2.3 ml/O2/min/kg [1.7; 2.9], and in waist-hip ratio, social capital, well-being, quality of life, and musculoskeletal pain.

Conclusion

Exercise during working hours in an acute hospital staff was feasible, but strategies to increase acceptance and adherence are necessary for a successful implementation. Despite low adherence, the intervention was associated with improvements of physical and mental health. Registration: The study protocol has been uploaded on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04988724).
The evolution of university technology transfer research: a text mining approach
Authors: Cunningham James A. , Menter Matthias , Starke Felix
Published: February 2025

Over the last few decades, a substantive body of research has been created that focuses on university technology transfer (UTT), resulting in a rich and complex literature. The purpose of this paper, using a text mining approach, is to identify underlying key topics that have shaped this field of research and to determine key emerging themes. Using computational linguistic techniques, we systematically examine 1,944 papers published between 1981 and 2022. Based on the identification of 20 distinct topics, we analyze the popularity of these topics over time. Our findings reveal that UTT capacities are widely discussed, especially themes related to processes, enablers, and the third mission. Moreover, topics such as spin-offs and metrics are gaining ground in the UTT literature. However, topics related to the UTT context, including the role of institutions and transfer units, are losing research momentum, as do themes around legislation and commercialization. Our paper defines thematic clusters, posits a framework to consolidate UTT research, and suggests promising future avenues of research.
GNSS-Acoustic positioning error in the vertical component considering the uncertainty of a reference sound speed profile
Authors: Tomita Fumiaki , Kido Motoyuki , Iinuma Takeshi , Ohta Yusaku
Published: February 2025

The precise detection of seafloor crustal deformation is important for understanding various tectonic phenomena, especially the deformation process associated with a seismic cycle. Global Navigation Satellite System–Acoustic (GNSS-A) positioning enables the measurement of horizontal and vertical seafloor deformations. However, vertical motion detected by GNSS-A positioning often has various systematic biases; therefore, the positioning error of vertical motion is typically worse than that of horizontal motion. In this study, we examined one of the systematic bias sources originating from the uncertainty of the reference sound speed profile (SSP) employed in GNSS-A positioning. Using direct oceanographic measurement data, we addressed the uncertainties of using a reference SSP in both cases, where the reference SSP was obtained from direct measurement and the oceanographic data assimilation model (JCOPE2M). We then examined the vertical GNSS-A positioning errors in both cases using the Monte Carlo method: ~2 and ~6 cm in the former and latter cases, respectively. Moreover, we optimized the vertical GNSS-A positioning errors by considering the uncertainty of a reference SSP and other error sources. The optimized vertical GNSS-A positioning errors successfully explain offsets of the campaign solutions deviated from a long-term displacement trend compared with the conventional error evaluations. Although this study focused on the uncertainty of a reference SSP, it is important to carefully evaluate various other systematic error sources to precisely detect vertical seafloor motion.
Brewing sustainability: unveiling the potential of coffee ground as green roof media
Authors: Yalçınalp Emrah , Demirci Özgür , Meral Alperen
Published: February 2025

The rapid depletion of the world’s natural resources and the growing concerns about sustainability underscore the importance of environmentally friendly solutions more than ever. One such solution is green roofs, which offer numerous ecological benefits, particularly in urban areas, such as creating natural habitats, enhancing energy efficiency, and improving air quality. Recently, as access to safe food has become more challenging and economic conditions have not been that stable all over the world, the importance of green roofs has been increasing in urban areas where it is difficult to create green surfaces for many reasons, especially profit. In this context, using coffee grounds as a green roof plant growth medium and a waste product holds significant potential for waste management and sustainable agriculture. With the influence of previous researches, coffee grounds are supposed to support plant growth due to their high organic matter content and nutrient values. This study aims to support the environmental benefits and the contribution of this approach to sustainable urbanization by examining the effects of using coffee grounds on green roofs on plant development. This study assessed the growth of Fragaria ananasa and Sedum spurium in growing media comprising 20% and 50% coffee ground. In F. ananassa a reduction of 9.25–13.58% in plant height, 18.71–23.93% in the number of stolons, 1.36–40.34% in chlorophyll content, and 10.49–13.78% in plant diameter was noted in the medium containing 20% coffee ground, while an increase of 39.20-45.81% in the fruit count and 4.79–9.42% in root collar diameter was recorded in the medium devoid of coffee ground. In S. spurium, a 22.76% reduction in plant height, a 13.11% decline in chlorophyll content, a 25.26% decrease in plant diameter, and a 4.40% increase in root collar diameter were recorded in the medium containing 20% coffee ground. A medium including 50% coffee ground resulted in a 42.36% reduction in plant height, a 12.44% reduction in chlorophyll content, a 46.13% reduction in plant diameter, and a 19.10% reduction in root collar diameter. The results indicate that the impact of coffee ground on plant growth varies based on the ratio, necessitating the establishment of suitable application ratios.
Occurrence of microplastics in Russell’s snapper (Lutjanus russellii) and associated prey species in the Central Gulf of Thailand
Authors: Klangnurak Wanlada , Prachumwong Siriluk , Alfonso María Belén , Nakano Haruka , Chavanich Suchana , Viyakarn Voranop , Jandang Suppakarn
Published: February 2025

Microplastic (MP) contamination in fish may occur via their feeding behavior and ingestion of contaminated prey. This study investigated the presence of MPs in the predator Lutjanus russellii (Russell’s snapper) and its prey along the Chumphon coast of the Central Gulf of Thailand. Stomach contents of L. russellii were analyzed to identify its prey species. Prey species were then sampled from the same geographical area as the predator specimens for subsequent MP analysis. The dietary habits of L. russellii classify it as a generalist carnivore, consuming a diverse range of food items, including zooplankton, crustaceans, and small fish. No significant correlation was observed between MP abundance and the weight or length of the predator fish (general linear model, p > 0.05). Black and red fibers were the predominant MP types in both predator and prey, though MP sizes varied among the sampled species. In predator stomachs, the most common polymers were acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS; 26.32%), polyethylene terephthalate (PET; 21.05%), and polyester (PES; 10.53%). Conversely, prey samples were dominated by PES (17.58%), PET (15.38%), and ABS (13.19%). Notably, similarities in MP characteristics (shape, color, average size, and certain polymer types) were observed between L. russellii and Portunus sp. The detection of smaller PET fibers in L. russellii compared to Portunus sp. (Mann–Whitney U-test, p ≤ 0.05) suggests the transfer of MPs to L. russellii through the ingestion of hard-shelled crustacean prey. This study underscores the importance of examining predator–prey interactions to better understand MP contamination pathways in marine ecosystems, particularly in regions like the Gulf of Thailand, where plastic pollution is prevalent. Further research is required to assess the long-term ecological implications of MP transfer within marine food chains.
Understanding the Prevalence and Factors Associated with Accessing Public Housing Programs: Findings from the 2019 Annual Survey of Refugees
Authors: Chipalo Edson , Odii Ikenna Obasi , Ogutu Nick Horace , Ching’andu Loretta
Published: February 2025

Public housing is an important resource for ensuring the safety and integration of newly arrived refugees in the United States (U.S.). This study examines the prevalence and multiple factors associated with accessing public housing programs among refugees in the U.S. The data for this study were derived from the 2019 Annual Survey of Refugees (ASR) collected over the past 5 years between 2014 and 2018 (N=3,995). Prevalence estimates were obtained through chi-square tests, while multiple logistic regression was used to determine significant associations between independent and dependent variables. The prevalence results indicated that 33.3% of refugees had access to public housing programs. Several primary factors, including being older, female gender, unmarried status, lower educational attainment, resettlement in the Midwest or South, and participation in other social welfare programs, were associated with decreased odds of accessing public housing programs among refugees. In contrast, refugees with chronic debilitating conditions were associated with increased odds of accessing housing programs compared to those without suchchronic debilitating conditions. These findings highlight the need for improved programs focused on vocational training, English language services, cultural orientation, and policy advocacy for higher minimum wages and affordable housing to facilitate the smooth resettlement of refugees in the U.S.
The Mindful Way From Information to Knowledge, to Wisdom, and to Life: Perspectives on Mindfulness (-Based Cognitive Therapy) for Higher Education
Authors: Deroche Marc-Henri , Kuyken Willem , Uwatoko Teruhisa , Imoto Yuki , Kusumoto Ryotaro
Published: February 2025

This article explores the potential relevance of Mindfulness-Based Programs, particularly Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), to support the mission of higher education by facilitating the journey from information to knowledge, and from knowledge to wisdom. It thus addresses the problems of distractibility and superficial engagement caused by information overload and aims to prepare students for a fulfilling life. Based upon an in-depth dialogue among authors belonging to different disciplines, this conceptual synthesis integrates the various perspectives of Buddhist studies, philosophy of education, anthropology of education, clinical psychology, and psychiatry, to construct a comprehensive view of mindfulness for higher education. The structure of its argument progresses from the languishing to the flourishing of students, and from mindfulness taught in the form of interventions, to mindfulness cultivated as the very thread of learning. The article starts by reviewing the evidence regarding students’ mental health and vulnerabilities, and moves to directly listening to their voices, larger aspirations, and more existential concerns. It next elaborates an epistemic and developmental model of mindful education, making creative use of T. S. Eliot’s questions regarding information, knowledge, wisdom, and Life, to capture some ongoing, complex issues. MBCT’s principles, formats, practices, and adaptations are then examined to envision skillful responses to these perceived challenges, with a proposal to further weave mindfulness into the constitution of higher education. Ultimately, in reference to Simone Weil, mindfulness training is conceived as guiding the “formation of attention,” along the “joy of learning,” to accomplish two interrelated humanistic ideals: academic excellence and human flourishing.
An Empirical Study on the Role of Authentic Leadership in Strategic Agile Operations, Organizational Sustainability, and Business Performance
Authors: Rauniar Rupak , Cao Ray
Published: February 2025

Achieving organizational agility, both strategically and operationally, has become necessary for businesses to maintain competitiveness through effective value co-creation and sustainability initiatives. This requires unwavering and continuous support from management, coupled with effective leadership. In this empirical survey study, we investigate the role of authentic leadership in strategic agile operations (SAO) and sustainability. Based on authentic leadership theory (ALT) and literature on SAO and sustainability, our research explores the intricate relationships among SAO, authentic leadership, organizational sustainability (OS), and business performance (BP). Our empirical findings indicate that in SAO, authentic leadership can exert a positive influence on enhancing sustainability and business performance. Moreover, the study reveals that authentic leadership plays a mediating role in the relationship between SAO and sustainability. The findings underscore the importance of leadership integrity and operational adaptability in navigating complex business environments and achieving sustainable success and, ultimately, business performance.
Tailoring the Reversible Phase Transition of Perovskite Nanofiber Electrodes for High-Performance and Durable Reversible Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Yin Chaofan , Yang Jiaming , Feng Jiangyuan , Sun Yueyue , Liu Zhengrong , Wang Junkai , Cui Jiajia , Xue Zixuan , Zhang Liang , Zhou Yucun , Zhou Jun , Xu Liangfei , Wu Kai , Li Jianqiu
Published: February 2025

Reversible solid oxide cells (RSOCs) are capable of converting various energy resources, between electricity and chemical fuels, with high efficiency and flexibility, making them suitable for grid balancing and renewable energy consumption. However, the practical application of RSOCs is still limited by the insufficient activity and stability of the electrodes in different operating modes. Herein, a highly efficient symmetrical electrode composed of La0.3Sr0.6Ti0.1Co0.2Fe0.7O3−δ
(LSTCF) nanofibers and in situ exsolved Co3Fe7 nanoparticles is developed for boosting the performance of RSOCs. The reversible phase transition, high activity and stability of the electrode have been confirmed by a combination of experimental (e.g., transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure) and computational studies. Electrolyte-supported RSOCs with the symmetrical electrode demonstrate excellent catalytic activity and stability, achieving a high peak power density of 0.98 W cm−2 in the fuel cell mode using H2 as the fuel (or 0.53 W cm−2 using CH4 as the fuel) and a high current density of 1.09 A cm−2 at 1.4 V in the CO2 electrolysis mode (or 1.03 A cm−2 at 1.3 V for H2O electrolysis) at 800 °C while maintaining excellent durability for over 100 h.
A Transparent Polymer-Composite Film for Window Energy Conservation
Authors: Liu Xianhu , Zhang Haoyu , Pan Yamin , Ma Jun , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: February 2025

As living standards improve, the energy consumption for regulating indoor temperature keeps increasing. Windows, in particular, enhance indoor brightness but also lead to increased energy loss, especially in sunny weather. Developing a product that can maintain indoor brightness while reducing energy consumption is a challenge. We developed a facile, spectrally selective transparent ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene composite film to address this trade-off. It is based on a blend of antimony-doped tin oxide and then spin-coated hydrophobic fumed silica, achieving a high visible light transmittance (> 70%) and high shielding rates for ultraviolet (> 90%) and near-infrared (> 70%). When applied to the acrylic window of containers and placed outside, this film can cause a 10 °C temperature drop compared to a pure polymer film. Moreover, in building energy simulations, the annual energy savings could be between 14.1% ~ 31.9% per year. The development of energy-efficient and eco-friendly transparent films is crucial for reducing energy consumption and promoting sustainability in the window environment.
Financial literacy and environmental sustainability in SMEs: process innovation as an association mechanism
Authors: Molina-García Antonio , Galache-Laza M Teresa , González-García Vicente , Diéguez-Soto Julio
Published: February 2025

Despite receiving little attention in academia, understanding the factors that facilitate SMEs in becoming more environmentally responsible is a crucial challenge in today’s world. This article analyses the influence of CEOs’ financial literacy on environmental sustainability in an SME environment. Based on a random sample of 318 Spanish SMEs, our results show that CEOs’ financial literacy is an important driver of environmental sustainability. Moreover, this relationship emerges entirely through process innovation. Thus, CEOs who are financially literate are more engaged in process innovations, which facilitates them to embrace more environmentally sustainable practices. These findings offer fresh evidence of the relevance of CEOs’ capabilities in preserving natural resources.
Partial transport for point-cloud registration
Authors: Bai Yiku , Tran Huy , Damelin Steven B. , Kolouri Soheil
Published: February 2025

Point cloud registration is an important task in fields like robotics, computer graphics, and medical imaging, involving the determination of spatial relationships between point sets in 3D space. Real-world challenges, such as non-rigid movements and partial visibility, including occlusions and sensor noise, make non-rigid registration particularly difficult. Traditional methods are often computationally intensive, exhibit unstable performance, and lack strong theoretical guarantees. Recently, the optimal transport problem, including its unbalanced variations like the optimal partial transport problem, has emerged as a powerful tool for point-cloud registration. These methods treat point clouds as empirical measures and provide a mathematically rigorous framework to quantify the correspondence between transformed source and target points. In this paper, we address the non-rigid registration problem using optimal transport theory and introduce a set of non-rigid registration methods based on the optimal partial transportation problem. Additionally, by leveraging efficient solutions to the one-dimensional optimal partial transport problem and extending them via slicing, we achieve significant computational efficiency, resulting in fast and robust registration algorithms. We validate our methods by comparing baselines on various 3D and 2D non-rigid registration problems with noisy point clouds.
Principles of Behavioral Economics
Authors: Dhami Sanjit
Published: February 2025

Principles of Behavioral Economics, written by an acknowledged leader in the field, provides a comprehensive introduction to one of the most exciting areas of modern economics. It demonstrates how models of economic theory can be enriched by using interdisciplinary insights from psychology, sociology, evolutionary biology, and neuroscience to build the basis for a more empirically supported set of economic principles. Unique in its level of rigor and lucidity, the book highlights the important link between theoretical and empirical economics by demonstrating the usefulness of a range of data sources such as observational data, lab data, survey data, and neuroeconomic data. This field-defining textbook argues that behavioral economics is not just a supplement to mainstream economics. Taking behavioral economics seriously requires a total rethink, and eventual transformation, of every area of economics.
Maximos the Confessor
Authors: Salés Luis Josué
Published: February 2025

Maximos affirms in various texts (such as Difficulty 41) that sexual differentiation into male and female is inconsistent with the divine intention and will therefore be eschatologically eradicated. His affirmations have elicited a half-dozen conflicting interpretations, such as the metaphorization of these statements, where 'male' refers to drive (thymos) and 'female' to desire (epithymia), which become subordinate to reason (logos). Others maintain that he refers to the resolution of male–female agonistics. Yet others have criticized accounts that mollify the starkness of Maximos' affirmations. This Element goes further in arguing that Maximos tacitly envisions the elimination of sexual difference as sublimation of all sexual difference into male singularity. This Element overviews the exegetical and medical-anthropological precedents that framed Maximos thinking on this subject and examines some of his key texts, including his famed Difficulty 41 and several passages centered on explicating Eve and Adam, and Mary and Christ.
Low-Cost Fashion
Authors: Dewey Matías , Nahoum André Vereta
Published: February 2025

This Element analyses a fundamentally new regional configuration of the garment sector, covering much of South America. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and in-depth interviews with a wide range of actors, it examines two major circuits of informal production and distribution of affordable garments, both of which have emerged around the urban marketplaces of La Salada (Buenos Aires) and Feira da Madrugada (São Paulo). This Element examines a configuration characterized by (1) manufacturers who interact with customer preferences to produce low-cost fashion, (2) marketplaces that function as large garment distribution hubs, and (3) extensive distribution routes with regional reach. This Element discusses the role of creativity in informal production processes, reflects on the implications of both cases for our understanding of global value chains and informality, and provides empirical evidence on forbearance as an explanatory element for the emergence of this phenomenon.
An inpatient antimicrobial stewardship team driven penicillin allergy delabeling protocol for minimal and low-risk penicillin allergic patients
Authors: Shankaran Shivanjali , Adochio Emily , Petrak Robert , Goldenberg Benjamin , Herald Fischer , Lunn Christy , Hodgson Hayley , Won Sarah
Published: February 2025

Inappropriate penicillin allergy labeling results in suboptimal or excessive broad spectrum antibiotic use. In this multidisciplinary project, the antimicrobial stewardship team safely delabeled 71.4% of hospitalized patients approached. Similar programs may also be able to delabel minimal or low-risk penicillin allergic patients without formal allergy consultation.
Exploring context, mechanisms and outcomes in group interpersonal therapy for adolescents with depression in Nepal: a qualitative realist analysis
Authors: Atmore Katie H. , Bonell Chris , Luitel Nagendra P. , Pradhan Indira , Shrestha Pragya , Verdeli Helen , Rose-Clarke Kelly
Published: February 2025

Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) is an evidence-based treatment for adolescent depression. However, since it does not work for all adolescents in all settings, more research on its heterogeneous effects is needed. Using a realist approach, we aimed to generate hypotheses about mechanisms and contextual contingencies in adolescent group IPT in Nepal. We analysed 26 transcripts from qualitative interviews with IPT participants aged 13–19, facilitators, supervisors and trainers. We analysed data using the Framework Method. The qualitative analytical framework was based on the VICTORE checklist, a realist tool to explore intervention complexity. Sharing, problem-solving, giving and receiving support, managing emotions and negotiating emerged as mechanisms through which adolescents improved their depression. Participants perceived that girls and older adolescents benefitted most from IPT. Girls had less family support than boys and therefore benefitted most from the group support. Older adolescents found it easier than younger ones to share problems and manage emotions. Adolescents exposed to violence and parental alcoholism struggled to overcome problems without family and school support. We formulated hypotheses on group IPT mechanisms and contextual interpersonal and school-level factors. Research is needed to test these hypotheses to better understand for whom IPT works and in what circumstances.
Aperiodic engineering from combinatorics on words
Authors: Hansen Martin
Published: February 2025

The recent discovery of the aperiodic monotiles known as the hat and the spectre has sparked a surge of interest by the general public in exactly what it means to tile the Euclidean plane in an aperiodic fashion. Explaining a mathematical breakthrough to those without background knowledge can be difficult. However, in this case, communicating the ideas has been facilitated by the highly visual nature of what has been found, much to the delight of the editors of national newspapers and magazines, and also those who love to blog on social media. News of the first tile, the hat, broke in March 2023, with a second tile, the spectre, announced two months later. A festival, hatfest, took place a couple of months after that; the two day event featured lectures for established and aspiring mathematicians, a display of associated art, and an open-to-the-public evening lecture, all at the Mathematical Institute at the University of Oxford. Figure 1 shows the two tiles at the centre of the festivities. To tile the plane aperiodically the hat requires the use of its mirror tile but the spectre, with a minor modification to its edges, is the first true monotile; so adjusted, it, like the hat, can tile the plane aperiodically and not periodically, but without the need for its congruent mirror.
Calculating the Lagrange point L2 for the JWST
Authors: Chebolu Sunil K.
Published: February 2025

On December 25th, 2021, NASA, in collaboration with the European and Canadian space agencies, achieved a remarkable feat by successfully launching the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), marking it as the largest and most powerful telescope ever constructed.* The JWST, a monumental collaborative project spanning over two decades, involved scientists and engineers from 300 universities and 14 countries, with a total investment of ten billion dollars.
Helen Benedict’s Sand Queen: Female Combatants in the Iraq War
Authors: Almatwari Afrah
Published: February 2025

US authorities justified their invasion of Iraq, in part, by claiming to be liberating Iraqi women from patriarchal oppression. Helen Benedict’s Sand Queen challenges this assertion, exposing how the war embraced a colonial paradigm with which Iraq was long familiar. By documenting the gender-based violence a female American soldier faces from her own side, the book demonstrates contradictions in the liberation rhetoric of US authorities.
Unsteady Land‐Sea Breeze Circulations in the Presence of a Synoptic Pressure Forcing
Authors: Allouche Mohammad , Iipponen Juho , Bou‐Zeid Elie
Published: February 2025

Unsteady land‐sea breezes (LSBs) that result from time‐varying surface temperature contrasts Δθ(t) are explored in the presence of a constant synoptic pressure forcing, Mg, oriented from sea to land (α = 0°) or land to sea (α = 180°). Large eddy simulations reveal the development of four distinctive regimes, depending on the joint interaction between Mg, α, and Δθ(t) in modulating the fine‐scale dynamics. Time lags, computed as the shifts that maximize correlation coefficients of the velocity between the unsteady and the corresponding steady scenarios at Δθ = Δθmax, are found to be significant and to extend 2 hr longer for α = 0° compared to α = 180°. These diurnal dynamics result in nonequilibrium conditions that are significantly affected by the flow history, and that behave differently over the two patches for the different α’s. Turbulence is found to be out of equilibrium with the mean flow, and the mean itself is found to be out of equilibrium with the thermal forcing. The sea surface heat flux is consistently more sensitive than its land counterpart to the time‐varying external forcing Δθ(t), and more so for synoptic forcing from land to sea (α = 180°). Hence, although the land reaches equilibrium faster, the sea patch is found to exert a stronger control on the turbulence‐mean flow equilibrium response. Finally, the vertical velocity profile at the shore and shore‐normal velocity transects at the first grid level are shown to encode the multiscale regimes of the LSBs evolution and can thus be used to identify these regimes using k‐means clustering.
Global Land‐Water Competition and Synergy Between Solar Energy and Agriculture
Authors: Curioni Maddalena , Galli Nikolas , Manzolini Giampaolo , Rulli Maria Cristina
Published: February 2025

The food and energy systems face mounting challenges due to increasing demands and sustainability constraints, which impact their ability to efficiently utilize natural resources, such as land and freshwater. Among these challenges, competition for land between large‐scale renewable energy production plants and agriculture poses a risk, especially for photovoltaics. Agrivoltaics offers an opportunity to synergistically use land for simultaneous production of energy and food. Recent studies have investigated the upscaling potential of agrivoltaics, moving from field scale analyses to larger‐scale suitability assessments. Yet, studies addressing the interaction between crop dynamics and local climatic factors, as well as explicitly investigating hydrological dynamics of agrivoltaics across crops and climates, are still limited. Here, we first superpose a spatial data set of existing photovoltaic farms with different land use/land cover maps to assess the magnitude of land use competition associated with photovoltaics. Then, we use a spatialized agro‐hydrological model to simulate the response to different levels of radiation attenuation of 22 non‐irrigated crops in their harvested areas across the globe. We find that 22%–35% of rainfed harvested areas globally would maintain their yields if converted to agrivoltaics, while 13%–16% of ground‐mounted photovoltaic plants globally are associated with a cropland to non‐cropland transition. While carrying the typical limitations and uncertainties of global studies, our results may offer novel possibilities for cross‐crop and cross‐location comparisons of agrivoltaic experiences, as well as a basis to have a deeper and cross‐scale understanding of the feasibility of photovoltaics.
Seismic Monitoring of Baseflow and Groundwater Changes in the Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Luo Bingxu , Zhu Hejun , Lumley David
Published: February 2025

Relative seismic velocity changes are being increasingly used to monitor changes in groundwater. However, it remains challenging to verify its implementation in watersheds without direct groundwater well measurements. In this study, we conduct a 12‐year observation in a watershed of the Yellowstone National Park (YNP). We find that the seasonal fluctuations and long‐term trend of the measured are highly correlated with the estimated baseflow, which serves as a constraint for groundwater changes. We integrate the estimated baseflow into a poroelastic mechanism and conduct two simulations based on pressure diffusion. These simulations closely match with our observed variations. In addition, our analysis suggest that the measured is primarily influenced by hydrologic pressure diffusion rather than surface air temperature. We conclude that the baseflow analysis can further enhance the seismic monitoring of groundwater changes.
The Turbulent Pressure Spectrum Within the Roughness Sublayer of a Subarctic Forest Canopy
Authors: Aslan Toprak , Katul Gabriel G. , Aurela Mika
Published: February 2025

The turbulent static pressure spectrum as a function of longitudinal wavenumber in the roughness sublayer of forested canopies is of interest to a plethora of problems such as pressure transport in the turbulent kinetic energy budget, pressure pumping from snow or forest floor, and coupling between flow within and above canopies. Long term static pressure measurements above a sub‐arctic forested canopy for near‐neutral conditions during the winter and spring were collected and analyzed for three snow cover conditions: trees and ground covered with snow, trees are snow free but the ground is covered with snow, and snow free cover. In all three cases, it is shown that obeys the attached eddy hypothesis at low wavenumbers —with and Kolmogorov scaling in the inertial subrange at higher wavenumbers—with , where is the friction velocity at the canopy top, is the mean turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate, is the distance from the snow top, and is the boundary layer depth. The implications of these two scaling laws to the normalized root‐mean squared pressure and its newly proposed logarithmic scaling with normalized wall‐normal distance are discussed for snow covered and snow free vegetation conditions. The work here also shows that the in the appears more extensive and robust than its longitudinal velocity counterpart.
1-octene polymerization catalyzed by titanium and zirconium complexes supported by [PN] or [NPN] ligands
Authors: Iwasaki Jin , Kasahara Yuzuki , Toda Tomoyuki , Takenaka Katsuhiko
Published: February 2025

Ligands in homogeneous complex polymerization catalysts are crucial not only for influencing polymerization activity but also for controlling the stereoselectivity of the resulting polymers. We designed ligands on the basis of the dibenzophosphole skeleton and investigated the structure and ethylene polymerization activity of titanium and zirconium complexes activated by dried modified methylaluminoxane. In this investigation, we selected 1-octene as an α-olefin monomer and polymerized it using five types of titanium and zirconium complexes. Then, we obtained information regarding the ligand structure, polymerization activity toward 1-octene, and tacticity control. The [NPN]-Zr complex, which exhibited the highest activity for ethylene polymerization, demonstrated negligible polymerization activity for 1-octene. Conversely, titanium and zirconium complexes with [PN] ligands as auxiliary ligands exhibited activity toward 1-octene, yielding isotactic-rich polyoctene.
Physics of swimming and its fitness cost determine strategies of bacterial investment in flagellar motility
Authors: Lisevich Irina , Colin Remy , Yang Hao Yuan , Ni Bin , Sourjik Victor
Published: February 2025

Microorganisms must distribute their limited resources among different physiological functions, including those that do not directly contribute to growth. In this study, we investigate the allocation of resources to flagellar swimming, the most prominent and biosynthetically costly of such cellular functions in bacteria. Although the growth-dependence of flagellar gene expression in peritrichously flagellated Escherichia coli is well known, the underlying physiological limitations and regulatory strategies are not fully understood. By characterizing the dependence of motile behavior on the activity of the flagellar regulon, we demonstrate that, beyond a critical number of filaments, the hydrodynamics of propulsion limits the ability of bacteria to increase their swimming by synthesizing additional flagella. In nutrient-rich conditions, E. coli apparently maximizes its motility until reaching this limit, while avoiding the excessive cost of flagella production. Conversely, during carbon-limited growth motility remains below maximal levels and inversely correlates with the growth rate. The physics of swimming may further explain the selection for bimodal resource allocation in motility at low average expression levels. Notwithstanding strain-specific variation, the expression of flagellar genes in all tested natural isolates of E. coli also falls within the same range defined by the physical limitations on swimming and its biosynthetic cost.