bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Des)Construindo o sujeito neoliberal a partir de Foucault
Authors: Da Costa Marta Nunes
Published: October 2017

O que é o sujeito neoliberal? Quem é ele? Como se torna o que é ou aparenta ser? O que significaria a transformação deste sujeito em outro? O objetivo deste artigo é tentar responder a estas questões, tendo Foucault como principal interlocutor. Para isso, este artigo tem três momentos. No primeiro momento, reconstruo o horizonte conceitual foucaultiano onde a questão da subjetividade se coloca. No segundo momento, procuro identificar elementos que nos permitem caracterizar o sujeito neoliberal de hoje; um sujeito que assimila e incorpora na sua própria construção os valores e ideologias do mercado. Por fim, identifico os elementos foucaultianos que devem ser mantidos para transformar o sujeito atual num seu ‘outro’, imaginando que tipo de nova subjetividade podemos construir hoje.
Comprehensive performance analysis of C++ smart pointers
Authors: Babati Bence , Pataki Norbert
Published: October 2017

Smart pointers play an important role in bypassing memory leaks in C++. Since C++11 standard the smart pointers have become widely-used tools because they let the programmers not to deal with memory deallocation. However, abstraction penalty occurs because of this convenience. Overhead is related to runtime, memory usage and compilation time. There are many different smart pointers in the standard library. However, the performance difference between the smart pointers and raw pointers is not measured before. This paper presents an analysis of their effectiveness. An alternative approach to the C++17’s optional construct is searched for.
Influence of Student Selected Components on Medical Career Choice
Authors: Pinho-Gomes Ana-Catarina , Taylor David , Riley Simon
Published: October 2017

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background and aims: Student selected components (SSC) offer a privileged opportunity for students to gain a deeper insight into areas of their personal interest, including potential careers. How different SSC programmes influence future career choice remains uncertain. The aims of this study were to investigate (1) how SSC programmes in British medical schools offer career exploration and (2) whether the experience of SSCs during medical school influences medical career choice. Methods: Two online surveys were sent to SSC leads in medical schools and to Foundation Year 2 doctors in the UK. This information was complemented with data available on medical school websites. Results and conclusions: A wide diversity of SSCs programmes is provided by medical schools across the UK, with variable compliance with GMC recommendations regarding career exploration. SSCs seem to play a paramount role in shaping career preferences during medical school and to exert a powerful influence on future career decisions. Therefore, it is imperative to design SSC programmes that allow students to explore several career pathways, including both medical and alternative careers, so that they can make informed decisions and hence avoid the detrimental consequences of inadequate career choices.
Law and Legal Science in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Ződi Zsolt
Published: October 2017

The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the connection of law and legal science, on the one hand, and the Big Data phenomenon, on the other. The connection of Big Data and law can be thematised in several ways. This article makes a distinction whereby there are two levels of interplay between Big Data and the law (and legal science). Big Data on the one hand can be the subject of legal regulation and legal science, but it also can be a tool for better, ‘predictive’ law making and lawyering. This latter is also true for legal science: Big Data opens a whole range of possibilities as a new tool. Thus, this article discusses three fields and questions in three sections: 1. Big Data as the subject of legal regulation. What kind of moral questions does Big Data, and the predictive potential it has, raise? How does law recently frame, define and regulate the Big Data phenomenon? How does Big Data affect existing legal framework rules regarding privacy, data protection, competition, business regulatory, etc.? What will the new rules, regulating Big Data look like? 2. Big Data as a tool in the regulator’s and the lawyer’s hand. How can we exploit the new possibilities provided by Big Data in law making, policy creation and the application of law? How can we design new ways of ‘Big Data-based social engineering’? How can we create predictive tools and inferencing techniques based on Big Data in policing, law enforcement and litigation? Finally in part 3. I discuss the impact of Big Data on legal science. How can Big Data, as a research tool help legal science? How do we use legal data-sets and textual corpuses as BD? How will these ‘super-empirical’ research methods affect legal scholarship? What is the relationship between traditional doctrinal scholarship and the new types of BD-based research? How can we use statistical analysis, natural language processing, content analysis, machine learning, behavioural prediction, etc. in legal science?
Cultural Policy in an Illiberal State
Authors: Kristóf Luca
Published: October 2017

In social sciences literature, numerous attempts have been made to capture the political essence and features of Hungary’s ‘illiberal’ regime but few were aimed at analyzing specific public policy fields in the illiberal democracy. This paper analyses the cultural policy of the Orbán regime, focusing on the role of ideology. A qualitative case study based on document analysis looks at the legitimizing function of post-communist traditionalism in a managed illiberal democracy (Csillag and Szelényi, 2015). Governmental policy making in the field of culture is analyzed on two interrelated levels: (1) attempts to rewrite the cultural canon, and (2) institutional and financial changes. The results show that post-communist traditionalism serves as a discursive framework for the partial replacement of the cultural elite as well as the redistribution of cultural positions and resources, thus contributing to the creation of a new, loyal elite for the managed illiberal political system.
American Guilt: a challenge for contemporary emotions history
Authors: Stearns Peter , Clay Ruthann
Published: October 2017

This article assesses the unexpected increase of references to guilt in American culture, from the mid-20th century onward. The increase came against a pattern of decline over the previous hundred years, and also runs counter to many interpretations of growing American individualism and self-indulgence. The article deals also with the increasing criticisms of guilt, as damaging and unpleasant, that became increasingly common from the 1920s onward. A focus on guilt associated with parenting brings these themes into clearer focus, helping to explain the rise in guilt references – with causes that are fairly clear in the area of parenting – but also the disconcerting combination with resentments about guilt as harmful and unfair. Several parental reactions, particularly by the 1990s, followed from the tensions over patterns of guilt.
Obstacles in conducting clinical trials in the Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Suwaidan Salem D. , Alsuwaidan Aseel S.
Published: October 2017

Background: Conducting clinical research in accordance with the standards of regulatory authorities and within the guidelines of the good clinical practice (GCP) is a matter of concern.  It has been noticed that some increment in the conduction of clinical trials outside USA and European countries in the last two decades. The main objective of this study is to identify the magnitude of some obstacles that affect the conduction of clinical trials in accordance with the GCP.

Methods: Developing questionnaire in accordance with the criteria of the GCP would make assessment on how to buildup infrastructure including policy and procedures of the research institution. Recommendation of the study is to perform this questionnaire every other year to assess the progress and development of the research institution.

Conclusions: To identify good clinical researchers, what sort of obstacle(s) regarding conducting clinical trials, and from these obstacles how to resolve it and build up infrastructure for the research institution and also to establish the strategic plan for the research institution.
Effect of asthma on school performance among intermediate school students in Riyadh city, 2015-2016
Authors: Alqossayir Fuhaid M.
Published: October 2017

Background: Studies about impact of asthma on school performance are limited in the published literature especially in Saudi Arabia. This study was done to assess the effect of asthma on school performance and examine the relationship between asthma control and school achievement.Methods: A cross-sectional study with a follow up of participants until the end of 2nd semester of (2015-2016). It was conducted among governmental intermediate school students (males and females 13 to15 years old) in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Riyadh city is divided into five main sectors; two schools were randomly selected from each sector. Students were recruited from all three grades (first, second and third year) with a total sample of 1058 students. A self-administered questionnaire was given to the students at the start of the 2nd semester. The students’ exam results were collected at the end of the 2nd semester.Results: After adjusting for covariates, a significant difference in final average points was found between students with uncontrolled asthma (n=87) and controlled asthma (n=107) with an adjusted mean difference of 5.38 (95% CI 2.09-8.67 p<0.001). No significant difference in final average points was found between asthmatic (n=210) and non-asthmatic (n=848) students with an adjusted mean difference of 1.24 (95% CI-0.57-3.06) p=0.179. Significant associations were detected between gender, nationality, socioeconomic status and poor school performance p<0.01.Conclusions: The study results suggest that students with uncontrolled asthma are more likely to perform worse in all subjects than students with controlled asthma.
Role of social support in tobacco cessation
Authors: P. S. Shruthi , B. S. Niveditha , Shetty Punith , Chaitanya Krishna , Khargekar Naveen
Published: October 2017

Most tobacco intervention focus on behavioural methods to reduce dependence, the role of social support is unclear. The objective is to evaluate the evidence of social support as well as its efficacy with respect to tobacco cessation. It explores to understand the role of social support for an individual to make a behaviour change. Social support is one resource in the environment, if used effectively can be extremely beneficial for someone wanting to quit tobacco. A comprehensive literature search on the contribution of social support with respect to tobacco cessation was conducted to give a practical review for practitioners in the field. Overall, it was seen that all the studies strengthened the evidence for the role of social support in tobacco cessation. Although, more research is required in this field to comprehend the long haul advantages of social support and additionally its effects on psychological well-being as well as relapse prevention.
Open MRS softwares: effective approaches in management of patients' health information
Authors: Bashiri Azadeh , Ghazisaeedi Marjan
Published: October 2017

Today, the complexities of health issues require technologies to improve the quality of health care and maintain healthy individuals. Open source softwares such as OpenMRS are the basis for developing electronic health record systems to manage patient health information. Data model, API, and Web-based application are the three main parts of OpenMRS technical architecture. The core of the Open MRS software includes a web-based application and a number of open source softwares such as My SQL, Mozilla Firefox and Hyper net. These softwares use standards such as XML and X-Form to exchange and display data and enhance collaboration with other systems. Also, they can be manipulated and searched using SQL. Considering the high potential of OpenMRS in reducing the cost of implementation and development of electronic health record systems in developing countries, they can be used to manage information of patients and improve the quality of health services.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices of food hygiene among mobile food vendors in a Nigerian rural settlement
Authors: Aluh Francis Owoicho , Aluh Deborah Oyine
Published: October 2017

Background:  An estimated 2.5 billion people patronize mobile food vendors worldwide. Most vendors however have little or no formal education, which makes them unable to appreciate the most critical food handling practices. Consumers have thus borne the consequences when food is unsafe. This study aims to determine the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Food hygiene amongst mobile food vendors in a rural settlementMethods:It was a cross-sectional descriptive survey among the study population which comprised of mobile food vendors in Orlu Local Government Area in Imo state, Nigeria. Semi-Structured questionnaires written in English were administered to mobile food vendors who could read. For low literates, the interview was conducted in their local dialect by a trained research assistantResults: Respondents were mainly females (94.1%, n = 192) and between the age of 31 and 40 years (40.2%, n = 82). More than half of the respondents had secondary school education (59.8%,n = 122).The mean percentage knowledge was 78%. Less than half (43.5%, n = 89) of the respondents had an appropriate attitude towards Food hygiene. There was a strong evidence of association (χ2 = 15.582; p = 0.0001) between Knowledge of food hygiene and attitudes towards food hygiene.Conclusions: Knowledge levels of food safety practices amongst street food vendors in this rural setting was high however, this high knowledge was generally not translated into practice.
A study of factors which determine health seeking behavior of mothers for their under five children in rural area of Gujarat
Authors: Yerpude Pravin N. , Jogdand Keerti S. , Shah Jay H. , Thacker Kinnari B.
Published: October 2017

Background: Childhood illnesses present a major public health challenge for developing countries like India which is aggravated by a suboptimal health seeking behaviour by the parents or guardians. Appropriate medical care seeking could prevent a significant number of child deaths and complications. The present study aims to determine the factors affecting health seeking behavior for childhood illnesses, thereby improving child survival.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in rural area of Gujarat. Study subjects were patients aged 2 months to 5 years of age who presented to the outpatient department of Rural Health Training Centre. The health seeking behavior of mothers for their child’s illness and the factors affecting it were analyzed. Results: Regarding utilizing the curative aspect of healthcare-seeking behavior, out of total 147 male children, treatment was not received by 31 children (21.09%), while those who received treatment, 71 males (48.30%) get treatment at the public sector and 45 males (30.61%) get treatment at private sector. It indicated the promptness, concern and utmost care for male children by their mothers. Out of 90 female children, in 30.00% of the cases, no treatment was received. 42 females (in 46.67% cases) receive treatment at public sector and 21 females (in 23.33% cases) receive treatment at private sector. The association between mass media exposure and health care seeking behavior was found to be statistically significant. The association between working status of mother and health seeking behavior was not found statistically significant. Conclusions: For the preventable childhood illnesses, appropriate health seeking behaviour is low. Intervention programs focusing on educational improvement of the caretakers, introduction of community based integrated management of childhood illness are likely to contribute to improve the health seeking behaviour and child survival.
A probit model approach to know the effect of Arogyasri scheme, NHM indicator and knowledge of new borne care on utilization of PHCs, Hanwada mandalam, Telangana
Authors: Kalita Biraj K. , Srikanth Anil , Srikanth Anil
Published: October 2017

Background: The utilization of primary health care centre have prime importance in a country like India where most people lived in rural, allocation of budget is according to the disease situation is most likely in the country Therefor the study like this give policy makers, public health planner a direction in regard to proper utilization of fund. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from the 1st Feb to 28th Feb 2017. A simple random technique was used with a sample size 210 (169+41 (Health worker)). Analysis done using SPSS version 24. The descriptive statistics in percentages, probit method was used to identify the utilization of primary health care services.Results: There are total 56.20% of male participant while female participant constituted 43.80% and after using probit regression model it is found that the indicators like -access to skilled obstetric care (0.002), access to skilled birth attendance (0.0013), institutional delivery service facility (0.0001), access to comprehensive abortion care (0.0015), essential newborn care and referral (0.0025) and demographic variable like age, income, out of pocket expenditure, female respondent*health worker knowledge, income*cost of medical care have significant impact on utilization of PHC also in selection of hospital under Aarogyasri 15-29 age group, male respondent, illiterate, literate and income more than 5000 have significant impact. Conclusions: The primary health care centre services have a high impact in reducing the disease burden in rural area like Hanwada, So if there is an improvement in some of the basic services it can greatly impact in overall utilization rate.
A study to assess the barriers for cataract surgery uptake among elderly population of Aligarh
Authors: Khan Mohd Najmul Aqib , Ansari M. Athar , Ahmad Anees , Khalil Salman , Maroof Mohd
Published: October 2017

Background: As cataract being one of the commonest cause of avoidable blindness in India, the study of the barriers that delay the surgical uptake becomes important. This study been done to report the barriers delaying the surgical management and socio-demographic association of delay period. Methods: This study was part of community based cross-sectional study carried out among elderly population residing at field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre and Urban Health Training Centre, JN Medical College, AMU, Aligarh. A sample of 550 was taken from the registered elderly population aged 60 years and above using systematic random sampling with PPS. Barriers for 1st eye surgery were reported among 277 un-operated elderly and for the 2nd eye surgery among those 65 elderly who had operable cataract (defined as cataract in both eyes with low vision affecting daily activities) in one eye with aphaki/pseudophakia in the other. Factors contributing for the delay in uptake of surgery were assessed among operated individuals only (120). Results: Major barriers reported in the study were lack of awareness (33.2%), not able to afford treatment (25.3%), waiting for the cataract to get mature (19.9%). For second eye surgery major barriers reported were, waiting period for maturation (36.9%) followed by corrected vision in the other eye (24.6%) and non-affordability (23%). Significant association of the delay period reported with area, age, sex, education and SLI. Conclusions: Lack of awareness, non-affordability, waiting for the cataract to get, corrected vision in the other eye were the major factors delaying cataract surgery among elderly.
A study to assess select risk factors for carcinoma cervix among patients attending Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology
Authors: M. Swapnajaswanth , S. P. Suryanarayana , G. Suman , N. S. Murthy
Published: October 2017

Background: Cervical cancer is an important public health problem worldwide; it is second most common cancer among women aged 15-44 years globally (Globocan 2012). The objective of the study was to study the association between select risk factors and carcinoma cervix among patients attending Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore.Methods: Hospital based case- control study was carried among newly diagnosed cases of cervical cancer, cases and apparently healthy controls were selected. Statistical analysis was performed using, Chi square test of significance, logistic regression were preformed.Results: Univariate analysis revealed the following variables as significant risk factors these were Age at consummation of marriage <18 years OR 5.9 (2.6-19.4), Age 1st pregnancy <18 years OR 3.4 (2.2-5.2), live births delivered >5 OR 2.9 (1.7-5.8), marital status other than those who were married OR 1.7 (1.2-2.6), education of study subject being uneducated OR 3.9 (2.9-5.7), not washing genitals after sex OR 2.8 (1.6-4.9), material used during menstruation other than sanitary pads OR 6 (3.1-11.7), sex during menstruation OR 3 (1.1-7.9), not washing of private parts daily OR 10.8 (6.4-18.2), not taking bath daily OR 4.4 (2.8-7), open air defecation 7.6 (5.4-11.7), tobacco use OR 3.3 (2.2-5.6), never use of any contraceptive OR 3.7 (1.0-8.3) were significant at 0.05 level. Following backward multiple logistic regression analysis the following variables were independently associated with the development of cancer cervix, these were, age at 1st pregnancy <18 years OR 2.2 (1.2-3.8), use of material other than sanitary pads OR 3 (1.3-6.5), having sex during menstruation OR 4.3 (1.2-15), not washing of private parts daily OR 5.5 (2.9-10.4), open air defecation OR 2.6 (1.4-4.7), attained significance at 0.05 level.Conclusions: The study has revealed that age at 1st pregnancy <18 years, use of material other than sanitary pads, having sex during menstruation, not washing of private parts daily, open air defecation, as an independent risk factor for the development of cancer cervix. It can be noted that all the risk factor mentioned above is highly amenable for primary prevention.
Sociodemographic variables predicting fathers involvement in child rearing in Basavanapura village of Hunasuru taluk, Mysuru district, Karnataka
Authors: Somashekar M. P. , Smitha M. C. , . Nagendra
Published: October 2017

Background: Role of parents in upbringing of children is crucial in forming a child’s future. In the present generation of increasing nuclear families, father’s role in child rearing becomes even more important in deciding the future of a child. Hence in this regard the following study was conducted to determine the father’s involvement in child rearing and to determine the socio-demographic variables associated with involvement of father in child rearing.Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in rural part of Mysuru District. Houses in the village were selected by simple random sampling through lottery method. Data was collected using Inventory of Fathers Involvement (IFI) questionnaire which was self-administered. Information on socio-demographic variables were also collected. Data thus obtained was coded and entered into SPSS version 22 and analyzed using the same. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, viz. percentages and the inferential statistics using Chi-Square test for qualitative data. Mann Witney U Test was used to know if significant difference existed in various domains of both group (Those with poor and better involvement in child rearing).Results: 75.9% of fathers had poor in child rearing and the remaining 24.1% showed better involved in child rearing based on scores. The difference was observed in all the domains of IFI in the two groups except Attentiveness domain. Age of the father was found to be significantly associated with ‘social encouragement’ and ‘providing’ domains. Birth spacing with ‘Mother Support’ domain. Socio-economic status with ‘praise and affection’ domain. Type of family with ‘developing talents and future concerns’, ‘reading and homework support’ and Sex of the child was seen to be associated with ‘developing talent and future concern’ and overall total score.Conclusions: 3/4th of father’s showed poor involvement in child rearing. The individual scores in all domains was statistically significant in both groups. Various socio-demographic variables were found to influence father’s involvement.
Sensitivity and specificity of waist circumference as a single screening tool for assessment of overweight and obesity
Authors: Karmakar Anubrata , Garg Shobhit , Dasgupta Aparajita , Paul Bobby , Maharana Swanya P.
Published: October 2017

Background: Generalised and central obesity are established risk factors for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Easy assessment of overweight or obesity is the need of the hour from public health perspective. Waist circumference (WC) can be a simple screening tool for identifying overweight individuals since measuring WC is simple, inexpensive, less time consuming, convenient for self-monitoring and needs no complicated calculation as BMI.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in January-February 2017 among 338 adults, in a village of Singur Block, West Bengal. Height, weight and WC were measured for each subject. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to estimate the cut-off values of WC.Results: The sensitivity and specificity of WC ≥90 centimeters for men for identifying overweight (BMI ≥25) were 78.8% and 75.6% respectively, whereas those of WC ≥80 cm for women were 80.3% and 44% respectively. ROC curve analysis revealed good diagnostic accuracy at 88.5 cm for WC cut-off for men (area under curve (AUC) 0.854, sensitivity 86.5%, specificity 67.6%) and fair accuracy (AUC 0.744, sensitivity 80.3%, specificity 44%) for WC cut-off for 80 cm for women.Conclusions: This study shows, WC can be used for screening of overweight individual infield practice as measuring tape is inexpensive and easy-to-carry compared to a weighing scale. More research may be done on larger sample size to establish an optimal WC cut-off value for Indian population.
Usefulness of WOMAC index as a screening tool for knee osteoarthritis among patients attending a rural health care center in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sathiyanarayanan S. , Shankar S. , Padmini S. K.
Published: October 2017

Background: Osteoarthritis is the eighth leading cause of disability and a degenerative disease that worsens over time. Hence, early diagnosis and treatment remains the key in the management of Osteoarthritis. The aim and objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of WOMAC index for screening Osteoarthritis among the patients older than 50 years of age attending a Rural Health Centre.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among patients complaining of knee pain who visited a rural centre between June-August 2016. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was applied to all participants with knee pain to assess risk for OA. Also, American College of Rheumatology criteria (ACR) was used as a standard. Descriptive statistics were used. Chi-square test with Odds Ratio was calculated to find out of the strength of association. To test the agreement of WOMAC score with ACR Clinical Criteria, McNemar’s test analysis was done.Results: Out of 103 study subjects 45 were males and 58 were females. According to WOMAC Index Scores, 20 (19.4%) subjects belonged to high risk (score ≥81) and 38 (39.6%) subjects belonged to moderate risk (score 60 - 80). The Mean±SD WOMAC Score was 64.40±15.2. Age group [OR 2.85; 95% CI 1.25-6.48) and gender [OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.01-5.24) were significantly associated with WOMAC score percentage. Comparing WOMAC score percentages with ACR criteria for knee OA revealed statistically significant agreement (p-value, 0.009) which indicated the diagnostic accuracy of WOMAC index.Conclusions: WOMAC Index can be a useful screening tool for people at risk for Osteoarthritis and will help in identifying the disease early.
Organ donation and transplantation: knowledge and attitude amongst Indian undergraduate medical students
Authors: Giri Purushottam A , B. Y. Yuvaraj , Kamble Motiram G. , Solepure Amarnath B.
Published: October 2017

Background: Organ donation not only saves the lives of dying people but also improves the quality of life of many patients. A huge demand supply gap exists between patients requiring trans­plantation and organ donors. Organ transplantation has become the only hope for some patients with damaged or failing organs to extend their life. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge and attitude towards organ donation and transplantation amongst the undergraduate medical students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 98 undergraduate students of IIMSR Medical College, Badnapur, Jalna during the period of January to August 2016. Knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation were assessed using a pre-designed, pre-tested and validated questionnaire. Results were analyzed in the form of percentage and proportions whenever necessary.Results: In present study, only 35.71% students knew the definition of organ donation, whereas 46.94% and 51.02% students knew that what organs can be donated and who could be an organ donar respectively. Majority 71.43% students believed that who should make decision about organ donation in case of unclaimed dead body. Majority 82.65% students reported that live organ donation is better than cadaveric organ donation in solving shortage, 67.34% thought that donating one’s organ adds meaning to one’s life.Conclusions: Undergraduate students have inadequate knowledge, but have positive attitudes towards organ donation. There is a need to increase knowledge regarding organ donation among this essential group.
Water sanitation and hygiene in the schools of rural field practice area of Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Vijayapur
Authors: Hullalli Rashmi , Gudadinni M. R. , Patil Shailaja S.
Published: October 2017

Background: One of the world’s most urgent issues is lack of safe water, sanitation and hygiene. Water-related improvements are crucial to meet the development goals, reduce child mortality, and improve health in a sustainable way. The absence of WASH in schools is responsible for 20% of total deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in children. Over 440 million schools days are missed annually due to water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases. Though there are emerging vaccines for rotavirus and cholera still WASH remains critical in the prevention of diarrheal diseases, soil transmitted helminthes infections and acute respiratory diseases. Objective of the study was to study the implementation and functionality of WASH in schools.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in all the schools of rural practice area of our college by interview technique using a pre tested semi structured questionnaire.Results: Out of 7 schools, 5 (71%) had piped water supply but only 2 schools (28.5%) practiced the process of water purification every day. All the schools were provided with toilet facilities whereas only 3 schools had separate toilet for girls. When looked upon availability of soap only 3 schools had provided soap regularly for hand washing. Most of the schools taught about personal hygiene but only 2 schools revealed that they dispose solid waste regularly.Conclusions: Although nationwide emphasis is given to water sanitation and hygiene, practicing is very low especially in rural areas. Therefore special efforts should be done not only for the implantation, but also upon the operation and maintenance of the same.
Awareness of HIV/AIDS among the pregnant women and their husbands attending ANC clinic in a tertiary care centre in Chennai
Authors: Edward Shanthi
Published: October 2017

Background: In India the total number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) was estimated to be 2.1 million in 2015 and number of new cases estimated at 86,000.  The prevalence of HIV among pregnant women in India is high and the awareness on HIV/AIDs is low among women in India .Awareness of HIV is important in antenatal mothers as they are vulnerable and encouraging early HIV testing will augment the PPTCT (Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission) services. Hence it is prime importance to create awareness among pregnant women to protect them from HIV infection. This study was conducted to find out the awareness level among pregnant women and their husbands as husbands play an important role in prevention of HIV in their spouses.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at ANC clinic in Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Porur, Chennai. All antenatal women who visited the ANC clinic for the first time along with their husbands were selected as the subjects. Sample size was 200 (100 couples). After obtaining Informed Consent from the subjects, a semi structured questionnaire was administered. Data was collected and analysed using SPSS software version 21.Results: One hundred couples were included in the study. Seventy five percent of subjects did not accept that they are at risk and majority of them were husbands (79%) when compared to wives (71%). Above 75% of wives knew mother to child transmission whereas only 65% of husbands knew it. Willingness to undergo HIV test was more among wives (83%) than husbands (75%).Conclusions: A large effort to be taken to impart the information about the HIV/AIDS to husbands to change their attitude. At least one ANC visit by pregnant women should be made mandatory to have their husbands with them to sensitise them on HIV/AIDS.
Frequency of turner syndrome: findings from a tertiary healthcare diagnostic laboratory of India
Authors: Pande Shailesh , Salaskar Vidya , Pais Anurita , Pradhan Gauri , Patil Smita , Parab Chaitali , Matkar Sunmeet
Published: October 2017

Background: Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality reported in the females. Objective of this retrospective study was to determine the frequency of turner Syndrome and its various cytogenetic types in samples suspected to be of turner syndrome, received in the Department of Cytogenetics, Metropolis Healthcare laboratory, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Methods: The current study was performed on 935 clinically suspected samples with Turner Syndrome within the age group of 01-16 years. Peripheral blood (2-3 ml) in Sodium heparin Vacutainers was collected from all the patients, the cultures were set & analysed by GTG–banding at 450-550 band level Results were reported as per the guidelines of the International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature (ISCN) and The College of American Pathologists (CAP) and National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL).Results: In our study, out of the total 935 samples referred to Metropolis Healthcare Ltd, about 348 had cytogenetically turner or Turner variant findings. Further, out of 348 cases, 69 cases were detected to have presence of single X chromosome (19.83%), mosaic pattern in 116 cases (33.33%), presence of Y chromosome in 63 cases (18.10%) polymorphic variation in 58 cases (16.67%), presence of only isochromosome Xq in 9 cases (2.59%) and 33 cases (9.48%) with other or additional abnormalities. Conclusions: The cytogenetic confirmation and pattern of chromosomal aberration is very important as early detection may help to improve the quality of life especially in patients with cytogenetically Turner variant pattern with presence of Y chromosome.
Athletic on-field heart rate: a demand of modern cricket
Authors: -ul-Haq Faizan , Yaqoob Uzair , Sarfaraz Asma , Mannan Ali Khan Muhammad
Published: October 2017

Cricket has transformed very quickly from a gentleman’s game to a game which demand high standard of physical and physiological fitness. Cricket has a diversity of game formats ranging from 5-day test cricket to a shorter but dynamic t20 format. Since last two decades a lot of cricket is being played throughout the year, there is no discrimination of summers and winters as what used to happen during the prior days. For this reason now the standard of physiological demands of this sport has risen too. Good heart rate is always an important aspect of physiological fitness of athletes and it has a mighty impact on the performance of players in the grounds.
Is deep venous thrombosis a common complication in patients treated with Ilizarov external fixator?
Authors: Reddy Sandeep , Shah Harshad M. , L. Naveen Kumar , P. Rahul , K. H. Vimal Kumar
Published: October 2017

Background: Determining the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), a prospective study, in patients treated with Ilizarov external fixators for lower extremity fractures, fracture non unions or deformity correction.

Methods: A Prospective, observational and cross sectional study. 49 Patients with complex lower extremity injuries, deformities and non-union of fractures were treated with Ilizarov external fixator application, were assessed clinically and radiological (Venous Doppler) at regular intervals- 6 days post-surgery then at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and between 4 to 6 months post-operative. None were given chemoprophylaxis for the prevention of DVT and everyone were assessed pre operatively with a questionnaire and wells criteria was taken for assessment of high risk for developing venous thrombosis. There were 41 men and 8 women, 85.75% of the study group is of age 30 to 60 years.

Results: Only 1 of 49 patients developed radiological evident DVT within 6 days of surgery. Patients who underwent application of Ilizarov external fixator electively for deformity correction, osteomyelitis and non-union showed no clinical or radiological evident signs of DVT.

Conclusions: The incidence of DVT and PTE is minimal when patients without chemoprophylaxis underwent lower limb Ilizarov external fixator application for acute trauma and electively for deformity correction, treatment of non-union and osteomyelitis. However further comparative and randomized studies need to be done to confirm our results.
A Gestão Orçamentária e Financeira de uma Escola Pública
Authors: Cruz Valmira Maria de Amariz Coelho de , Bachtold Ciro , Silva Frederico Fonseca da
Published: October 2017

O presente trabalho discorre em linhas gerais sobre a gestão  orçamentária e financeira de uma escola pública, fazendo uma síntese da parte administrativa e financeira da gestão dessa instituição de ensino e tomando a mesma  como referência para o desenvolvimento do presente estudo. Nessa linha de desenvolvimento, faz  um paralelo  com  o orçamento  público; a Lei  Orçamentária; a Receita pública, citando conceitos e classificações; as Despesas públicas, conceituando e citando algumas classificações; e com a Legislação aplicada à Gestão Orçamentária e Financeira, com base na  LDB (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação), citando algumas leis e artigos  pertinentes ao tema. Enfoca, também, as dificuldades encontradas pela gestão, para administrar os parcos recursos enviado às escolas, discorrendo sobre a situação. Palavras-chave:  Gestão financeira.  Gestão orçamentária.  Orçamento público.
ESTRESSE OCUPACIONAL EM ENFERMEIROS RESIDENTES DE UM PROGRAMA DE RESIDÊNCIA MULTIPROFISSIONAL EM SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA
Authors: Araújo Silva Marylia Rafaela , Mergulhão Silveira Priscila Ribeiro Rezende
Published: October 2017

Os cursos de residências multiprofissionais em saúde da família têm como objetivo contribuir para a qualificação dos serviços de saúde oferecidos à comunidade. Por isso, as ações desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro residente nas Unidades de Saúde da Família requerem decisões eficazes para uma alta resolubilidade dos problemas vivenciados neste contexto. Diante disto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o nível de estresse ocupacional em enfermeiros residentes do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família do IMIP-PE. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta dos dados foi um questionário semi-estruturado composto pelo Formulário de Coleta de Dados e o Inventário de Estresse em Enfermeiros (IEE). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram um pequeno número de enfermeiros (dos 11 entrevistados, 4 casos) que apresentam escores do IEE acima de 145 ou seja, considerados estressados.
Palabras del Vicedecano de la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia en homenaje al Dr. Wilson Delgado Azañero
Authors: Beltrán Silva Jorge
Published: October 2017

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Impacto de maloclusiones sobre la calidad de vida y necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico en escolares de dos escuelas privadas Azogues - Ecuador, 2015
Authors: Crespo Cristina , Domínguez Cristina , Vallejo Fernando , Liñán Carlos , Del Castillo César , León-Manco Roberto Antonio , Evangelista Alexis
Published: October 2017

Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto de las condiciones orales atribuidas a maloclusiones sobre la calidad de vida a través del CS Child-OIDP y Necesidad De Tratamiento Ortodóntico a través del INTO en escolares de 11 a 12 años de dos escuelas privadas en Azogues-Ecuador, año 2015. Material y métodos: Esta investigacion evaluó a170 escolares para determinar el impacto de las maloclusiones sobre la calidad de vida, mediante la versión pe- ruana del Child-OIDP, utilizando únicamente. las condiciones atribuidas a maloclusiones, (CS Child-OIDP Po- sición de los dientes, espacios, tamaño y forma y deformidades cracenofaciales), sobre los desempeños diarios, y la Necesidad de Tratamiento De Ortodoncia mediante el Indice de Necesidad de Tratamiento de Ortodoncia (INTO) . Resultados: Las condiciones más prevalentes fueron: posición de los dientes (63,5%), y dientes sepa- rados (40,5%); los desempeños más afectados fueron comer (65,3%) y sonreír (51,8%); respecto de la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóntico según el componente estético, el 91,18% de los escolares no tuvieron necesidad de tratamiento y según el componente de salud dental, el 10%; al asociar las dos variables, se encontró diferencia es- tadísticamente significativa en el desempeño sonreír p=0,02; según el Componente de Salud Dental. Conclusio- nes: La condición más prevalente fue posición de los dientes, los desempeños diarios más afectados fueron comer y sonreír, al asociar Necesidad de Tratamiento y desempeños afectados en los dos componentes revelaron a los desempeños comer y sonreír como los más afectados, existiendo significancia estadística en el desempeño sonreír.
To Group or Not to Group? Good Practice for Housing Male Laboratory Mice
Authors: Kappel Sarah , Hawkins Penny , Mendl Michael T.
Published: October 2017

It is widely recommended to group house male laboratory mice because they are ‘social animals’, but male mice do not naturally share territories and aggression can be a serious welfare problem. Even without aggression, not all animals within a group will be in a state of positive welfare. Rather, many male mice may be negatively affected by the stress of repeated social defeat and subordination, raising concerns about welfare and also research validity. However, individual housing may not be an appropriate solution, given the welfare implications associated with no social contact. An essential question is whether it is in the best welfare interests of male mice to be group- or singly-housed. This review explores the likely impacts, positive and negative, of both housing conditions, presents results of a survey of current practice and awareness of mouse behaviour, and includes recommendations for good practice and future research. We conclude that whether group- or single-housing is better (or less worse) in any situation is highly context-dependent according to several factors including strain, age, social position, life experiences, and housing and husbandry protocols. It is important to recognise this and evaluate what is preferable from animal welfare and ethical perspectives in each case.
Iron Loss Prediction Using Modified IEM-Formula during the Flux Weakening for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
Authors: Asef Pedram , Bargallo Ramon , Lapthorn Andrew
Published: October 2017

During flux weakening operation time (FWOT), the total iron loss rises and affects the accuracy of loss prediction and efficiency especially if a large range of FWOT exists. Iron loss prediction is widely employed in investigations for a fast electrical machine analysis using 2-D FEA. This paper studies harmonic loss analytically by a steady-state equivalent circuit. Consideration of skin effects and iron saturation are utilized in order to examine the accuracy through the relative error distribution in the frequency domain of each model from 50 to 700 Hz. Additionally, this comparative study presents a torque-frequency-flux density calculation over each single term of the modified IEM-formula. The analytical calculation is performed using 2-D FEA for a classic and modified IEM-formula along with experimental verifications on a surface-mounted PMSG for a wind generation application.
Regulation and Sensing of Inflammasomes and Their Impact on Intestinal Health
Authors: Ranson Nicole , Kunde Dale , Eri Rajaraman
Published: October 2017

Pattern recognition receptors such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-containing protein receptors (NLRs) and the pyrin and HIN domain (PYHIN) receptors initiate the inflammatory response following cell stress or pathogenic challenge. When activated some of these receptors oligomerize to form the structural backbone of a signalling platform known as the inflammasome. The inflammasome promotes the activation of caspase-1 and the maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. In the gut dysregulation of the inflammasome complex is thought to be a contributing factor in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The importance of inflammasomes to intestinal health has been emphasized by various inflammasome deficient mice in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) models of intestinal inflammation and by the identification of novel potential candidate genes in population based human studies. In this review we summarise the most recent finding with regard to formation, sensing and regulation of the inflammasome complex and highlight their importance in maintaining intestinal health.
Thermal Conduction Behaviors of PAAm Hydrogels
Authors: Tang Ni , Peng Zhan , Guo Rulei , An Meng , Chen Xiandong , Li Xiaobo , Yang Nuo , Zang Jianfeng
Published: October 2017

As the interface between human and machine becomes blurred, hydrogel incorporated electronics and devices have emerged to be a new class of flexible/stretchable electronic and ionic devices due to their extraordinary properties, such as soft, mechanically robust and biocompatible. However, heat dissipation in these devices could be a critical issue and remains unexplored. Here, we report the experimental measurements and equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conduction in polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels. The thermal conductivity of PAAm hydrogels can be modulated by both the crosslinking density and water content in hydrogels. The crosslinking density dependent thermal conductivity in hydrogels varies from 0.33 to 0.51 Wm-1K-1, giving a 54% enhancement. We attribute the crosslinking effect to the competition between the increased conduction pathways and the enhanced phonon scattering effect. Moreover，water content can act as filler in polymers which lead to nearly 40% enhancement in thermal conductivity in PAAm hydrogels with water content vary from 23 to 88 wt%. Furthermore，we find the thermal conductivity of PAAm hydrogel is insensitive to temperature in the range of 25 oC – 40 oC. Our study offers fundamental understanding of thermal transport in soft materials and provides design guidance for hydrogel-based devices. 