bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the In Situ Hybridization Signal Patterns of Liquid-Based Cytological Human Papillomavirus Specimens for Diagnosing Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
Authors: Ishida Katsunari , Nagasaki Makoto , Kobayashi Masayuki , Nakagawa Tatsushi , Nabika Toru , Taniyama Kiyomi
Published: August 2011

To examine the diagnostic utility for squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) by cytological in situ hybridization (c-ISH) for the human papillomavirus using liquid-based cytology specimens, we investigated c-ISH signal patterns in the cases of low-grade SIL (LSIL), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), and high-grade SIL (HSIL). Episomal (E) and/or integrated (I) signals were observed. Two signal patterns (E≧I or I>E) were obtained by counting the number of E+ or I+ cells. E≧I was specific to LSIL and ASC-US (10/12); I>E, to HSIL (9/11) (P<0.01, χ2 test), suggesting significant utility of c-ISH in diagnosing SIL. In the cell fraction, E≧I in large cells was dominant in LSIL. Two cases of I>E in large cells of LSIL showed HPV persistence and/or progression during follow-up. Thus, c-ISH is useful in routine testing for diagnosing cervical dysplastic lesions, especially for detecting LSIL suspected for progression.
Morphological variability of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl in the north-western Balkans
Authors: Jarni Kristjan , Westergren Marjana , Kraigher Hojka , Brus Robert
Published: August 2011

Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl is a species native in the north-western Balkans, where it has a divided range. Most of its range is located in flood-prone riparian sites in the Pannonian plain but the species is also found on humid sites along some rivers in the Submediterranean region. We analysed morphologic variation within and between five populations (14 trees/population) located in the Subpannonian and Submediterranean region of Slovenia. Thirty two characters were assessed on ca. 80 leaves from each tree which were divided depending on exposure to sunlight (sun and shade leaves), and 8 traits on each fruit (ca. 50 fruits/tree). A hierarchically designed experiment using analysis of variance confirmed the significant contribution of all the analysed hierarchical levels of variation to the total variation. The results show that the differences between the trees in a single population are the greatest factor of variability of leaves, followed by differences between populations and differences which are the result of variation in exposure to sunlight. Leaves in shade positions are typically larger than those in sunny positions, and they have broader and shorter-pointed leaflets; in this feature they are very similar to the leaves of F. excelsior. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the traits which refer to the leaflet number and length are the best differentiating traits between individual populations. The Submediterranean population Dragonja stands out with the smallest leaves and the population Lijak from the same region is the most similar to Dragonja for most morphological traits. In general, phenotypic differences between the Subpannonian and the Submediterranean populations of F. angustifolia are minor and indistinct. Based on the differences ascertained by the study, we can only confirm the presence of F. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco et Rocha Alfonso in this part of its natural range.
Increasing Risk for Tick-Borne Disease: What Should Clinicians Know?
Authors: Telford Sam R. , Stewart Philip E. , Bloom Marshall E.
Published: June 2024

This clinical insights article examines reasons behind the increase in tick-borne diseases and what clinicians should know about diagnosis and mitigation.
COVID-19 Vaccination and Cardiopulmonary Events After Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Fonseca Henrique Andrade R. , Damiani Lucas Petri , Monfardini Frederico , Zimerman André , Rizzo Luiz Vicente , Berwanger Otávio
Published: May 2024

This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial investigates the association of COVID-19 vaccination with incidence of cardiopulmonary events among patients who had experienced acute coronary syndromes.
Temperature Control After Cardiac Arrest—A Rational Approach
Authors: Harrison Daniel S. , Greer David M.
Published: June 2024

This Viewpoint discusses hypothermic temperature control for neuroprotection among survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and offers a rational approach to treating such patients as investigations continue.
Nuclear receptor Nur77 and Yin‐Yang 1 synergistically increase mitochondrial abundance and activity in macrophages
Authors: Koenis Duco S. , Evers‐van Gogh Inkie J. A. , van Loenen Pieter B. , Zwart Wilbert , Kalkhoven Eric , de Vries Carlie J. M.
Published: June 2024

Mitochondrial biogenesis requires precise regulation of both mitochondrial‐encoded and nuclear‐encoded genes. Nuclear receptor Nur77 is known to regulate mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages and skeletal muscle. Here, we compared genome‐wide Nur77 binding site and target gene expression in these two cell types, which revealed conserved regulation of mitochondrial genes and enrichment of motifs for the transcription factor Yin‐Yang 1 (YY1). We show that Nur77 and YY1 interact, that YY1 increases Nur77 activity, and that their binding sites are co‐enriched at mitochondrial ribosomal protein gene loci in macrophages. Nur77 and YY1 co‐expression synergistically increases Mrpl1 expression as well as mitochondrial abundance and activity in macrophages but not skeletal muscle. As such, we identify a macrophage‐specific Nur77‐YY1 interaction that enhances mitochondrial metabolism.
Enhancing the Quality of MOF Thin Films for Device Integration Through Machine Learning: A Case Study on HKUST‐1 SURMOF Optimization
Authors: Pilz Lena , Koenig Meike , Schwotzer Matthias , Gliemann Hartmut , Wöll Christof , Tsotsalas Manuel
Published: June 2024

Metal–organic Frameworks (MOFs), especially as thin films, are increasingly recognized for their potential in device integration, notably in sensors and photo detectors. A critical factor in the performance of many MOF‐based devices is the quality of the MOF interfaces. Achieving MOF thin films with smooth surfaces and low defect densities is essential. Given the extensive parameter space governing MOF thin film deposition, the use of machine learning (ML) methods to optimize deposition conditions is highly beneficial. Combined with robotic fabrication, ML can more effectively explore this space than traditional methods, simultaneously varying multiple parameters to improve optimization efficiency. Importantly, ML can provide deeper insights into the synthesis of MOF thin films, an essential area of research. This study focuses on refining an HKUST‐1 SURMOF (surface‐mounted MOF) to achieve minimal surface roughness and high crystallinity, including a quantitative analysis of the importance of the various synthesis parameters. Using the SyCoFinder ML technique, thin film surface quality is markedly enhanced in just three generations created by a genetic algorithm, covering 30 distinct parameter sets. This method greatly reduces the need for extensive experimentation. Moreover, the results enhance the understanding of the vast synthesis parameter space in HKUST‐1 SURMOF growth and broaden the applications of MOF thin films in electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Functional Aerogel Driven Synchronous Modulation of Zn2+ Interfacial Migration Behavior and Electrolyte Microenvironment Enables Highly Reversible Zn Anodes
Authors: Shi Zhenhai , Guo Junhong , Liu Zhuanyi , Xu Zijian , Yu Jiayi , Ren Jianguo , Chen Suli , Liu Tianxi
Published: June 2024

Uncontrolled dendrite growth and electrolyte‐induced intricate parasitic reactions are two great challenges that hinder the commercial applications of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. Herein, a synchronous modulation strategy for Zn2+ interfacial migration behavior and electrolyte microenvironment is proposed by constructing a functional lanthanum hydroxide aerogel (LAG) interface layer on Zn anode surface. The in situ derivation of ion‐conducting zinc hydroxide sulfate (ZHS) from LAG layer results in the spontaneous generation of a hierarchic interface layer during the plating process, where the high Zn2+ selectivity of the upper dense ZHS layer can limit SO42− migration and allow for fast Zn2+ interfacial migration kinetics, while the aerogel layer with well‐defined nanochannels near the anode side can homogenize Zn2+ distribution, thus leading to the effective suppression of both dendrites and side reactions. Additionally, the pH microenvironment of the acidic electrolyte can be synchronously regulated by slightly soluble La(OH)3 aerogel, further inhibiting electrolyte corrosion and HER. Consequently, the modified Zn anode delivers highly reversible Zn plating/stripping and low‐voltage hysteresis, and the high areal‐capacity Zn||MnO2 full cells demonstrate considerable electrochemical performances under high Zn utilization conditions. This functional aerogel‐driven synchronous modulation strategy of Zn2+ migration behavior and electrolyte microenvironment provides new insight for stabilizing Zn metal anodes.
Immobilization of Lewis Basic Sites into a Quasi‐Molecular‐Sieving Metal–Organic Framework for Enhanced C3H6/C3H8 Separation
Authors: Liu Puxu , Li Jianhui , Yan Furong , Lian Xin , Xu Jian , Chen Yang , Liu Yutao , Shi Qi , Cui Xili , Sun Lin‐Bing , Li Jinping , Li Libo
Published: June 2024

Controlling gas sorption through pore engineering is indispensable in molecular recognition and separation processes. The challenge lies in developing high‐efficiency adsorbents for C3H6/C3H8 separation, specifically enhancing the affinity toward C3H6 for high selectivity while maintaining a large gas uptake to obtain high separation efficiency. Herein, this problem can be addressed by controlling host‐guest interactions using Lewis basic sites modulation. A precise steric design of channel pores using an amino group as additional interacting sites enables the synergetic increase in C3H6 adsorption while suppressing the C3H8 adsorption, resulting in a quasi‐molecular‐sieving effect. Among them, TYUT‐23 has a perfect pore size that fits minimum cross‐sectional dimensions of C3H6, affording exceptional binding affinity for the C3H6 molecule. It adsorbs a large amount of C3H6 (2.5 mmol g−1) and concurrently exhibits both remarkably high IAST selectivity (71) under ambient conditions. Equimolar C3H6/C3H8 breakthrough experiments also prove the prominent separation performance of TYUT‐23 for the production of high‐purity C3H6. The C3H6 adsorption/separation mechanism has been investigated using C3H6‐loaded single‐crystal structure analysis. This material demonstrates the potential of optimizing host‐C3H6 interactions using Lewis basic site modulation in industrial separations.
Fabricating Wide‐Temperature‐Range Quasi‐Solid Sodium Batteries with Fast Ion Transport via Tin Additives
Authors: Yang Zhendong , Jiang Haoyang , Li Xiang , Liang Xinghui , Wei Jinping , Xie Zhaojun , Tang Bin , Zhang Yue , Zhou Zhen
Published: June 2024

Quasi‐solid sodium batteries, employing quasi‐solid polymer electrolytes (QSPEs) renowned for their high energy density and cost‐effective fabrication, are promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, their practical application has encountered impediments such as insufficient ion transport and uneven sodium plating/stripping attributed to suboptimal interfacial compatibility. In this work, an innovative QSPE is developed by incorporating functional additives, specifically fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and tin trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sn(OTf)2), into the poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐HFP)/propylene carbonate (PC) polymer electrolyte. Sn(OTf)2 catalyzes a ring‐opening reaction in PC, thereby reducing transmission barriers and augmenting the transport of sodium ions. Consequently, the resulting HFP‐PC‐FEC‐Sn QSPE demonstrates remarkable ionic conductivity (0.42 mS cm─1) and ion transference number (0.58). Furthermore, it forms a dense and smooth interphase enriched with NaF and metallic Sn, significantly enhancing the long‐term cycling stability of Na symmetric cells, which endure over 3000 h at 0.2 mA cm─2, and effectively suppressing the formation of sodium dendrites. This outstanding electrochemical performance extends to Na3V2(PO4)3/Na full coin and pouch cells across a wide temperature range. This work introduces an innovative approach for designing high‐performance QSPEs suitable for wide‐temperature quasi‐solid sodium batteries.
The Balance Between Shear Flow and Extracellular Matrix in Ovarian Cancer‐on‐Chip
Authors: Chen Changchong , Boché Alphonse , Wang Zixu , Lopez Elliot , Peng Juan , Carreiras Franck , Schanne‐Klein Marie‐Claire , Chen Yong , Lambert Ambroise , Aimé Carole
Published: June 2024

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer in developed countries. In the tumor microenvironment, the extracellular matrix (ECM) and flow shear stress are key players in directing ovarian cancer cells invasion. Artificial ECM models based only on ECM proteins are used to build an ovarian tumor‐on‐chip to decipher the crosstalk between ECM and shear stress on the migratory behavior and cellular heterogeneity of ovarian tumor cells. This work shows that in the shear stress regime of the peritoneal cavity, the ECM plays a major role in driving individual or collective ovarian tumor cells migration. In the presence of basement membrane proteins, migration is more collective than on type I collagen regardless of shear stress. With increasing shear stress, individual cell migration is enhanced; while, no significant impact on collective migration is measured. This highlights the central position that ECM and flow shear stress should hold in in vitro ovarian cancer models to deepen understanding of cellular responses and improve development of ovarian cancer therapeutic platforms. In this frame, adding flow provides significant improvement in biological relevance over the authors’ previous work. Further steps for enhanced clinical relevance require not only multiple cell lines but also patient‐derived cells and sera.
Research Progress on the Application of MOF and MOF‐Based Materials in Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Zhu Ying , Ji Houqiang , Huang Tianyu , Sun Yangyang , Pang Huan
Published: June 2024

Electrocatalytic and photocatalytic nitrogen fixation have become new ways to achieve green nitrogen reduction because of their environmentally friendly and cost‐effective characteristics. At present, there has been an increasing curiosity about using metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis. However, electrocatalytic and photocatalytic ammonia production is still not practical for practical applications. Having a thorough understanding of nitrogen fixation is necessary for the advancement of practical applications and the development of highly efficient catalysts in the future. The catalytic nitrogen fixation activity of MOF itself is limited. By adjusting the exposure of active sites through low‐temperature calcination and solvent addition, the photogenerated carrier recombination is inhibited, and the adsorption and activation of N2 are enhanced, improving its performance in nitrogen fixation applications. This review examines the reported photocatalysts, electrocatalysts, and photoelectrocatalysts based on MOFs and their associated materials. The underlying mechanism for photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is elucidated. Additionally, an inclusive survey of MOFs and related materials as catalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is presented, with representative examples discussed. Finally, the research progress of MOF‐based catalytic nitrogen fixation materials is summarized and prospected.
Tentacle Microelectrode Arrays Uncover Soft Boundary Neurons in Hippocampal CA1
Authors: Lv Shiya , Mo Fan , Xu Zhaojie , Wang Yu , Yang Gucheng , Han Meiqi , Jing Luyi , Xu Wei , Duan Yiming , Liu Yaoyao , Li Ming , Liu Juntao , Luo Jinping , Wang Mixia , Song Yilin , Wu Yirong , Cai Xinxia
Published: June 2024

Hippocampal CA1 neurons show intense firing at specific spatial locations, modulated by isolated landmarks. However, the impact of real‐world scene transitions on neuronal activity remains unclear. Moreover, long‐term neural recording during movement challenges device stability. Conventional rigid‐based electrodes cause inflammatory responses, restricting recording durations. Inspired by the jellyfish tentacles, the multi‐conductive layer ultra‐flexible microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are developed. The tentacle MEAs ensure stable recordings during movement, thereby enabling the discovery of soft boundary neurons. The soft boundary neurons demonstrate high‐frequency firing that aligns with the boundaries of scene transitions. Furthermore, the localization ability of soft boundary neurons improves with more scene transition boundaries, and their activity decreases when these boundaries are removed. The innovation of ultra‐flexible, high‐biocompatible tentacle MEAs improves the understanding of neural encoding in spatial cognition. They offer the potential for long‐term in vivo recording of neural information, facilitating breakthroughs in the understanding and application of brain spatial navigation mehanisms.
r‐NG●‐Regulated Electron‐Phonon Coupling to Enhance Hot‐Hole Injection for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Can , Ma Xiao‐Hui , Ma Xinbo , Zhang Huifeng , Yan Wenlong , Li Yuheng , Xiong Qiu , Zhang Zilong , Liang Lusheng , Yang Ye , Long Run , Tan Yuan‐Zhi , Gao Peng
Published: June 2024

Extracting hot‐carriers before they relax back to the band edge will reduce thermal dissipation above the bandgap, which is one of the primary sources of efficiency loss in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It requires slow cooling of hot‐carriers together with the efficient extraction of hot‐carriers. Here, a novel interface engineering is demonstrated by embedding radical‐containing nanographene (r‐NG●) between perovskite and poly[bis(4‐phenyl)(2,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐amine] (PTOAA) to harvest this excess energy. This strategy accelerates the extraction rate of the hot‐hole (3 times that of control at 400 K) by augmenting the relaxation channel, which is related to the “quasi‐SOMO” energy state of r‐NG●. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics calculation further revealed that radical character promotes the rotation of the cation in perovskite, which contributes to generating strong nonadiabatic couplings and multiple phonon modes. In addition, the band bending effect of buried perovskite and improved conductivity of PTOAA also facilitate exciton dissociation and hole collection efficiency (97.5%). Consequently, the resultant r‐NG● decorated PSCs delivered an impressive efficiency of 24.20%, along with better thermal and humidity stability. Moreover, it can maintain 93% of its initial efficiency after 300 hours of illumination.
Computationally guided design and synthesis of dual‐drug loaded polymeric nanoparticles for combination therapy
Authors: Jin Song , Lan Zhenwei , Yang Guangze , Li Xinyu , Shi Javen Qinfeng , Liu Yun , Zhao Chun‐Xia
Published: June 2024

Single‐drug therapies or monotherapies are often inadequate, particularly in the case of life‐threatening diseases like cancer. Consequently, combination therapies emerge as an attractive strategy. Cancer nanomedicines have many benefits in addressing the challenges faced by small molecule therapeutic drugs, such as low water solubility and bioavailability, high toxicity, etc. However, it remains a significant challenge in encapsulating two drugs in a nanoparticle. To address this issue, computational methodologies are employed to guide the rational design and synthesis of dual‐drug‐loaded polymer nanoparticles while achieving precise control over drug loading. Based on the sequential nanoprecipitation technology, five factors are identified that affect the formulation of drug candidates into dual‐drug loaded nanoparticles, and then screened 176 formulations under different experimental conditions. Based on these experimental data, machine learning methods are applied to pin down the key factors. The implementation of this methodology holds the potential to significantly mitigate the complexities associated with the synthesis of dual‐drug loaded nanoparticles, and the co‐assembly of these compounds into nanoparticulate systems demonstrates a promising avenue for combination therapy. This approach provides a new strategy for enabling the streamlined, high‐throughput screening and synthesis of new nanoscale drug‐loaded entities.
Cognitive integrity in Non‐Demented Individuals with Alzheimer's Neuropathology is associated with preservation and remodeling of dendritic spines
Authors: Guptarak Jutatip , Scaduto Pietro , Tumurbaatar Batbayar , Zhang Wen Ru , Jupiter Daniel , Taglialatela Giulio , Fracassi Anna
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Individuals referred to as Non‐Demented with Alzheimer's Neuropathology (NDAN) exhibit cognitive resilience despite presenting Alzheimer's disease (AD) histopathological signs. Investigating the mechanisms behind this resilience may unveil crucial insights into AD resistance.

METHODS

DiI labeling technique was used to analyze dendritic spine morphology in control (CTRL), AD, and NDAN post mortem frontal cortex, particularly focusing on spine types near and far from amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques.

RESULTS

NDAN subjects displayed a higher spine density in regions distant from Aβ plaques versus AD patients. In distal areas from the plaques, NDAN individuals exhibited more immature spines, while AD patients had a prevalence of mature spines. Additionally, our examination of levels of Peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerase NIMA‐interacting 1 (Pin1), a protein associated with synaptic plasticity and AD, showed significantly lower expression in AD versus NDAN and CTRL.

DISCUSSION

These results suggest that NDAN individuals undergo synaptic remodeling, potentially facilitated by Pin1, serving as a compensatory mechanism to preserve cognitive function despite AD pathology.

Highlights

Spine density is reduced near Aβ plaques compared to the distal area in CTRL, AD, and NDAN dendrites.

NDAN shows higher spine density than AD in areas far from Aβ plaques.

Far from Aβ plaques, NDAN has a higher density of immature spines, AD a higher density of mature spines.

AD individuals show significantly lower levels of Pin1 compared to NDAN and CTRL.
Adsorptive removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using FeCl3‐immobilized melamine‐formaldehyde‐urea resin
Authors: Ozdemir Olgun Fatos Ayca , Çetin Pınar
Published: June 2024

The surplus phosphorus in aquatic environments trigger eutrophication, an irreversible pollution stage marked by the rapid growth of algae and water plants, a decline in dissolved oxygen levels, and the emergence of dead zones. To address this critical issue, this study focuses on the removal of phosphorus in form of phosphate from aqueous solutions. The research involves the synthesis and characterization of FeCl3‐immobilized melamine‐formaldehyde‐urea resin, an innovative adsorbent, its characterization through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the evaluation of its adsorption capacity based on Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium models. The experimental adsorption data fits well with pseudo‐second order kinetic model. Optimal adsorption parameters are carried with batch adsorption technique for 60 min using 0.5 g of adsorbent at pH = 2, achieving 15.55 mg g−1 adsorption capacity, and conducting experiments with tap‐water samples to replicate real‐world scenarios. The research findings have the potential to advance sustainable wastewater treatment technologies and contribute to the mitigation of nutrient pollution in aquatic ecosystems, addressing a pressing environmental concern.
Shelf‐life prediction of silicone‐hollow glass microsphere composite as liner material and its accelerated aging
Authors: Devi Anupama , Mitra Kheyanath , Tiwari Shivam , Srivastava Tanu , Ramakrishna C. , Krishna Mohan S. , Maiti Pralay
Published: June 2024

Liner materials have extensive applications in automobile industry, packaging, and aeronautics. One of the specific uses of such materials is in thermal barrier, coating rockets, missile, and other systems used in space and defense. Each liner material exhibits different properties according to their chemical structure and composition. In this study, accelerated thermal aging of the liner material, silicone‐hollow glass microsphere composite (SHGC) has been studied along with the determination of its life span. The effect of such aging on the thermal properties of SHGC has been studied using thermogravimetry. Activation energy of the process has been determined to be in the range of 45–55 KJmol−1. The results have been compared with already reported silicon polymers. Shelf‐life of SHGC composite has also been determined using Arrhenius model. Stochastic model has been applied to determine the lower and upper limits of shelf‐life. Shelf‐life of SHGC is found to be 24 years with 28 and 18 years of upper and lower error limits.
The effects of supplemental instruction derived from peer leaders on student outcomes in undergraduate human anatomy
Authors: Wilson Robert N. , Holman Parker J. , Dragan Martin , MacPherson Rebecca E. K. , Beaudette Shawn M.
Published: June 2024

Supplemental instruction (SI) confers student success, as represented by grades, knowledge retention, and student engagement. However, studies often report professional, not undergraduate, program findings. To measure these effects, students studying human anatomy at a university in Ontario, Canada, attended structured (peer‐assisted) or unstructured (nonpeer‐assisted) SI sessions and completed a pre−/post‐survey. Fifty‐eight learners (39 systems (SYS) and 19 musculoskeletal (MSK) anatomy) completed both surveys and had responses analyzed. Both cohorts, maintained initial perceptions across pre−/post‐analyses (MSK p = 0.1376 and SYS p = 0.3521). Resource usage was similar across both cohorts with discrepancies in skeletal model and textbook use. No MSK learner ranked any lab resources as “not at all useful.” MSK learners felt more prepared to write a graded assessment (p = 0.0269), whereas SYS learners did not (p = 0.0680). Stratification of learners in MSK and SYS revealed learners spending between 30 and 60 min in SI sessions during the study period had the highest grades compared to students who spent less than 30 (p = 0.0286) or more than 60 (p = 0.0286) min attending SI sessions, respectively. Most learners in MSK (89.4%) and SYS (66%) concluded that they preferred structured over unstructured SI. Sentiment/thematic analysis using a generative AI‐driven large language model revealed learners held positive perceptions of SI, emphasizing structured learning, resources, personalized learning, and support offered as the most prevalent themes surrounding SI. Ultimately, this study provides evidence that supports SI for improving student outcomes related to perceived preparedness for completing assessments and preferred teaching/learning styles in undergraduate human anatomy.
Clinical evaluation of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing with extended HPV genotyping triage for cervical cancer screening: A pooled analysis of individual patient data from nine population‐based cervical cancer screening studies from China
Authors: Dun Changchang , Yuan Meiwen , Zhao Xuelian , Hu Shangying , Arbyn Marc , Zhao Fanghui
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess the clinical values of extended human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping in triage of high‐risk HPV‐positive women, focusing on the trade‐off between cervical precancer detections and colposcopy referrals.

Methods

A bivariate random‐effects model was used to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of primary HPV screening with following triage strategies to detect cervical precancers: (i) partial genotyping for HPV16/18 combined with cytological testing at atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance threshold (used as the comparator), (ii) genotyping for HPV16/18/58/52, (iii) genotyping for HPV16/18/58/52/33, (iv) genotyping for HPV16/18/58/33/31, (v) genotyping for HPV16/18/58/52/33/31, and (vi) genotyping for HPV16/18/58/52/33/31/39/51. Internal risk benchmarks for clinical management were used to evaluate the risk stratification of each triage strategy.

Results

A total of 16,982 women (mean age 46.1 years, range 17–69) were included in this analysis. For CIN3+ detection, triage with HPV16/18/58/33/31 genotyping achieved lower positivity (6.85% vs. 7.35%, p = 0.001), while maintaining similar sensitivity (91.35% vs. 96.42%, p = 0.32) and specificity (94.09% vs. 93.67%, p = 0.56) compared with the comparator strategy. Similar patterns were observed for CIN2+ detection. Women with a positive HPV16/18/58/33/31 genotyping test had high enough risk for CIN3+ for colposcopy referral, while the risk for women with a negative test was below the 1‐year return decision threshold according to internal benchmarks.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested extended HPV genotyping is of potential to be used as a triage technique integrated into HPV‐based cervical cancer screening, leading to reduced need for colposcopy referral while maintaining similar disease detection and efficient risk stratification.
Harnessing External Irradiation for Precise Activation of Metal‐Based Agents in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wang Yuting , Meng Liling , Zhao Fang , Zhao Limei , Gao Wei , Yu Qi , Chen Peiyao , Sun Yao
Published: June 2024

Cancer is a significant global health issue. Platinum‐based chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, are crucial in clinical anti‐cancer treatment. However, these drugs have limitations such as drug resistance, non‐specific distribution, and irreversible toxic and side effects. In recent years, the development of metal‐based agents has led to the discovery of other anti‐cancer effects beyond chemotherapy. Precise spatiotemporal controlled external irradiation can activate metal‐based agents at specific sites and play a different role from traditional chemotherapy. These strategies can not only enhance the anti‐cancer efficiency, but also show fewer side effects and non‐cross‐drug resistance, which are ideal approaches to solve the problems caused by traditional platinum‐based chemotherapy drugs. In this review, we focus on various metal‐based agent‐mediated cancer therapies that are activated by three types of external irradiation: near‐infrared (NIR) light, ultrasound (US), and X‐ray, and give some prospects. We hope that this review will promote the generation of new kinds of metal‐based anti‐cancer agents.
Design of Knölker‐Type Catalysts for the Anomeric Oxidation of Unprotected Mono‐ and Disaccharides
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Uchchhal , Lancien Antoine , Branquet David , Lhoste Jérôme , Comesse Sébastien , Martel Arnaud , Benhamou Laure
Published: June 2024

Knölker complexes have been recently used to perform the catalytic C1‐oxidation of unprotected sugars into sugar lactones. This oxidation method remained limited by the stability of the catalyst with the polyhydroxylated substrates. Our objective is now to overcome these limitations and extend this method to more challenging substrates such as disaccharides. We proposed in this paper two original designs of Knölker‐type complexes conceived to promote secondary H‐bond interactions with the OH groups of the substrates to stabilise the system and favour the transformation. In total, 8 novel pre‐catalysts were synthesised, fully characterised and applied in the anomeric oxidation of several sugar derivatives. Two of these new complexes proved to be more efficient than the Knölker complex for the oxidation of disaccharides. Moreover, a preliminary DFT study revealed the presence of H‐bonds interactions between the substrate and the oxygen atom on the ligand arm of the best complexes suggesting a beneficial role of this heteroatom on the catalytic efficiency.
Fluorescent Paracyclophanes: Unveiling Ultra‐Strong Binding with Cucurbit[8]uril in Aqueous Environments
Authors: Grimm Laura Marie , Wang Yichuan , Prabodh Amrutha , Barilli Emma , Spicher Sebastian , Hassan Zahid , Grimme Stefan , Bräse Stefan , Biedermann Frank
Published: June 2024

In supramolecular chemistry, the pursuit of highly efficient molecular recognition systems holds paramount significance. This study introduces new [2.2]paracyclophanes (PCP) as exceptional guest molecules for cucurbit[8]uril (CB8). This well‐matched host‐guest interaction is marked by ultra‐high binding affinities (Ka up to 1015 M−1 in water) accompanied by unprecedented exothermic contributions (ΔH up to −20.6 kcal mol−1) observed in CB8 binding, rivaling the exceptional affinities of cucurbit[7]uril (CB7), which has until now been recognized as the gold standard for high‐affinity binding in water. The PCPs demonstrate an excellent fit within the CB8 cavity without structural deformation of the host. Our research methodology incorporates organic synthesis, NMR, fluorescence titration, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments, as well as quantum mechanical simulations, to systematically examine the binding characteristics of fluorescent mono‐ and dicationic PCP guests within the CB8 cavity. This study not only corroborates but also critically reevaluates certain aspects of the “high‐energy water release model” for cucurbit[n]uril systems. Furthermore, the ease of modifying PCP compounds, combined with their superior water solubility compared to di‐ and triamantanes, and their characteristic fluorescent response in forming and disassembling host‐guest complexes, elevates PCPs as promising candidates for the creation of advanced supramolecular CB8‐functional materials and sensing assays.
e‐Methanol ‐ aber bitte flexibel!
Authors: Peña Vincent , Gronemann Veronika , König Sebastian , Haag Stéphane
Published: May 2024

Die fluktuierende Bereitstellung von erneuerbarem Strom hat einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Auslegung und den Betrieb von e‐Methanol‐Anlagen. Air Liquide hat techno‐ökonomische Untersuchungen mit einem eigens dafür entwickelten Simulations‐Framework durchgeführt, um den Bedarf und den Nutzen des flexiblen Betriebs der Methanolsynthese zu analysieren. Im Ergebnis ist ein flexibler Betrieb von enormem Vorteil, ab einem gewissen Grad ist jedoch kein Mehrwert mehr erkennbar.
Recycling von Rohstoff spart Energie im Herstellungsprozess
Authors: Krause Peter
Published: May 2024

Abfallvermeidung, Ressourcenschutz und Energieeffizienz werden in der täglichen industriellen Anwendung immer wichtiger. Ein Ansatz innerhalb der Filtertechnik ist die Verwendung von Rezyklat im Herstellungsprozess von Filterkerzen. Dabei muss die technische Spezifikation identisch mit dem bisherigen Produkt sein.
Phase Behaviors and Photoresponsive Thin Films of Syndiotactic Side‐Chain Liquid Crystalline Polymers with High Densely Substituted Azobenzene Mesogens
Authors: Li Xiao , Zhao Weiguang , Jin Ye , Huang Jianjia , Chen Dongzhong
Published: June 2024

Azobenzene‐containing polymers (azopolymers) are a kind of fascinating stimuli‐responsive materials with broad and versatile applications. In this work, a series of syndiotactic C1 type azopolymers of Pm‐Azo‐Cn with side‐chain azobenzene mesogens of varied length alkoxy tails (n=1, 4, 8, 10) and different length alkyl spacers (m=6, 10) have been prepared via Rh‐catalyzed carbene polymerization. The thermal properties and ordered assembly structures of thus synthesized side chain liquid crystalline polymers (SCLCPs) have been systematically investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM) and variable‐temperature small/wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) analyses. P10‐Azo‐C1 and P10‐Azo‐C4 with shorter alkoxy tails exhibited hierarchical structures SmB/Colob and transformed into SmA/Colob at a higher temperature, while P10‐Azo‐C8 and P10‐Azo‐C10 with longer alkoxy tails only displayed side group dominated layered SmB phase and transformed into SmA phase at higher temperatures. For P6‐Azo‐C4 with a shorter spacer only showed a less ordered SmA phase owing to interference by partly coupling between the side chain azobenzene mesogens and the helical backbone. More importantly, the series high densely substituted syndiotactic C1 azopolymer thin films, exhibited evidently and smoothly reversible photoresponsive properties, which demonstrated promising photoresponsive device applications.
Genetic control of stem elongation in legume crops and its potential relevance
Authors: Beagley Chantelle J. , Weller James L.
Published: June 2024

Stem elongation has a major influence on plant height and has been a key trait targeted in crop improvement, as illustrated by the green revolution. Particularly in cereal crops, there is a growing awareness of how genetic variation for elongation may be applied to specific challenges in production and may interact with other aspects of development. In comparison, this understanding is less developed in legume crops despite their significance in global agriculture and may have additional implications considering their distinct differences in growth habit and inflorescence structure. This review outlines the relevance of stem elongation in legume crops, provides an overview of its genetic control, and concludes with a discussion of potential interactions with other production traits, including stress tolerance and symbioses.
Synergistic Effects of Bisalt Additives in High‐Voltage Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Pham Thuy Duong , Kim Junam , Oh Hye Min , Kwak Kyungwon , Lee Kyung‐Koo
Published: June 2024

The stability of high‐energy‐density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) heavily relies on the composition of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on lithium metal anodes. In this study, the inorganic‐rich SEI layer was achieved by incorporating bisalts additives into carbonate‐based electrolytes. Within this SEI layer, the presence of LiF, polythionate, and Li3N was observed, generated by combining 1.0 м lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in ethylene carbonate: ethyl methyl carbonate:dimethyl carbonate in a 1 : 1 : 1 volume ratio, with the addition of 2 wt% lithium difluorophosphate and 2 wt% lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate additives (EL‐DO). Furthermore, this formulation effectively mitigated corrosion of aluminum current collectors. EL‐DO exhibited outstanding performance, including an average coulombic efficiency of 98.2 % in Li||Cu cells and a stable discharge capacity of approximately 162 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles in a Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) configuration. Moreover, EL‐DO displayed the potential to enhance the performance not only of LMBs but also of lithium‐ion batteries. In the case of Gr||NCM811 cell using EL‐DO, it consistently maintained high discharge capacities, even achieving around 135 mAh g−1 after the 100th cycle, surpassing the performance of other electrolytes. This study underscores the synergistic impact of bisalts additives in elevating the performance of lithium batteries.
Recent development in reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna and microwave filter: design and application
Authors: Rai Jayant Kumar , Ranjan Pinku , Chowdhury Rakesh
Published: June 2024

Developing wireless communication systems depends on reconfigurable microwave filters (MF) and dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) because the functionality of the various filters and antennas available for a wireless communication system is limited, and reconfigurable DRA and MF are utilized to overcome these limitations. The throughput of a multiantenna system can be achieved with reconfigurable DRA and filter. Various switching strategies and classifications of reconfigurable DRA and MF are presented. The electrical reconfiguration technique is most suitable for developing a reconfigurable DRA and filter among all the switching techniques. In this approach, reconfigurability may be accomplished by utilizing a PIN diode, a varactor diode, and a radio‐frequency microelectromechanical switch (RF‐MEMS). These switches are more reliable, highly efficient, and easily integrated with the microwave circuit. Reconfigurable DRA with machine learning is demonstrated. The application of reconfigurable DRA and filters in cognitive radio (CR) is also demonstrated. Also, the review article focused on the performance parameters, design, and challenges of reconfigurable antenna and MF.
Dynamic Multi‐Physics Behaviors and Performance Loss of Cylindrical Batteries Upon Low‐Velocity Impact Loading
Authors: Huang Qingdan , Bai Yang , Luo Han , Jia Yikai , Zhang Chao
Published: June 2024

In challenging operational environments, Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) inevitably experience mechanical stresses, including impacts and extrusion, which can lead to battery damage, failure, and even the occurrence of fire and explosion incidents. Consequently, it is imperative to investigate the safety performance of LIBs under mechanical loads. This study is grounded in a more realistic coupling scenario consisting of electrochemical cycling and low‐velocity impact. We systematically and experimentally uncovered the mechanical, electrochemical, and thermal responses, damage behavior, and corresponding mechanisms under various conditions. Our study demonstrates that higher impact energy results in increased structural stiffness, maximum temperature, and maximum voltage drop. Furthermore, heightened impact energy significantly influences the electrical resistance parameters within the internal resistance. We also examined the effects of State of Charge (SOC) and C‐rates. The methodology and experimental findings will offer insights for enhancing the safety design, conducting risk assessments, and enabling the cascading utilization of energy storage systems based on LIBs.
Theoretical Study on Photo‐Induced Copper Autoredox Construction of Chiral Amines
Authors: Tian Dongmei , Li Hui , Su Yan , Ji Yang
Published: June 2024

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to investigate the photo‐induced copper‐catalyzed C−N coupling reaction for the synthesis of chiral tertiary amines. The ligands′ effects on the metal center and the factors determining regioselectivity in chiral tertiary amine formation were examined. The computational results revealed that the oxidative quenching process involved in the photocatalytic redox cycle via CuI‐CuI*‐CuII‐CuIII transitions. Throughout the reaction, four key processes occurred: C−Br bond activation, ligand exchange, amide ion/Br ion exchange, and C−N coupling. Among these steps, alkyl radical generation through single electron transfer was identified as the rate‐determining step with an energy barrier of 13.9 kcal/mol. The chelating diphosphine ligand improved copper‘s reducibility and its capacity to activate the C−Br bond by charge transfer when exposed to visible light (CT). Copper's own redox process was facilitated by interactions between diphosphine and diamine ligands. Finally, when combined with oxygen, this catalyst system formed a chiral plane CuII‐O1‐N1‐N2‐N3 essential for enantioselective product formation.
Advancements in Porous Metal Compounds‐Based Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion
Authors: Ayaz Muhammad , Hijji Mohammad , Alatawi Ayshah S. , Mansour Ali , Aggoune El‐Hadi M.
Published: June 2024

Porous nanoparticles mark a significant stride toward achieving miniaturization and harnessing nanoscale properties that nature has employed for eons. Today's chemists have transcended the role of mere observers of matter; they're now empowered to manipulate and engineer novel materials, tailoring them with precise physicochemical attributes. This transition has unlocked opportunities to craft materials with intentional properties, mirroring the efficiencies and functionalities naturally evolved over millions of years. Among them, porous nanostructures based on metals have become promising materials for next generation of electrochemical devices for energy harvesting purpose due to their outstanding characteristics at the nanoscale, such as tunable surface area and surface chemistry and strong stability under operations. The performance of porous nanostructure‐based materials and devices is mainly governed by the surface structure, composition, size, defects, and the state of their interfaces. Here, some of the important nanoporose structures synthesis methods and the fundamental science behind structure formation and modification during synthesis process and their applications in the fields of electrochemical energy harvesting are presented and discussed. Future perspectives and challenges are highlighted to demonstrate the prominence of porose nanostructures and the importance of surface engineering in next‐generation energy harvesting applications.
Numerical study of the self‐priming process of a prototype pump based on coupled calculations of circulatory system
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Liang , Li Jin‐Fu , Zhao Yan‐Juan , Zheng Shao‐Han , Zhu Zu‐Chao
Published: June 2024

To understand the self‐priming characteristics of a self‐priming pump, a closed‐loop piping system that includes the self‐priming pump, valve, tank, and piping system is established. The acceleration–constant speed operation processes of the impeller are controlled through a user‐defined function that ensures that the computational model and startup conditions are consistent with the real situation. Based on numerical calculations of the self‐priming process with two different self‐priming heights, the gas–liquid distributions during the self‐priming startup process are obtained. The results show that the self‐priming startup process can be divided into three stages: rapid inhalation, oscillating exhaust, and accelerated exhaust. Under the two self‐priming heights, the time required for the rapid inhalation and accelerated exhaust stages is basically the same. Thus, the difference in self‐priming time is mainly concentrated in the oscillating exhaust stage. The rate at which the liquid level rises in the vertical pipe is not proportional to the self‐priming height, and the difference in the self‐priming time is not proportional to the change in the self‐priming height.
Nickel(II)‐Catalyzed Hydrocarbamoylation of Alkynes with Formamides towards Unsaturated Amides
Authors: Li Tiangui , Wang Shiyang , Xia Zongxiang , Zhao Jinbo , Zhang Dongyue , Wu Yuanqi , Liu Yu
Published: June 2024

Ni‐catalyzed activation of C(sp2)−H bond remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we realized a Ni‐catalyzed selective activation of C(sp2)−H bond of formamides, which underwent addition reaction with internal alkynes to provide α,β‐unsaturated amide compounds in high yields. The protocol was featured by the cheap and nontoxic catalyst system. Preliminary mechanistic studies shed light on the reaction pathways.