bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution and Collapse of Ejidos in Mexico—To What Extent Is Communal Land Used for Urban Development?
Authors: Schumacher Melissa , Durán-Díaz Pamela , Kurjenoja Anne Kristiina , Gutiérrez-Juárez Eduardo , González-Rivas David A.
Published: October 2019

The ejido system, based on communal land in Mexico, was transformed to private ownership due to neoliberal trends in the 1990s. Based on the theory of stakeholders being agents of change, this study aimed to describe the land policies that changed the ejido system into private development to show how land tenure change is shaping urban growth. To demonstrate this, municipalities of San Andrés Cholula and Santa Clara Ocoyucan were selected as case studies. Within this context, we evaluated how much ejido land is being urbanized due to real estate market forces and what type of urbanization model has been created. These two areas represent different development scales with different stakeholders—San Andrés Cholula, where ejidos were expropriated as part of a regional urban development plan and Santa Clara Ocoyucan, where ejidos and rural land were reached by private developers without local planning. To analyze both municipalities, historical satellite images from Google Earth were used with GRASS GIS 7.4 (Bonn, Germany) and corrected with QGIS 2.18 (Boston, MA, US). We found that privatization of ejidos fragmented and segregated the rural world for the construction of massive gated communities as an effect of a disturbing land tenure change that has occurred over the last 30 years. Hence, this research questions the roles of local authorities in permitting land use changes with no regulations or local planning. The resulting urbanization model is a private sector development that isolates rural communities in their own territories, for which we provide recommendations.
Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Unique Biochemical Signatures Associated with Protection from Radiation Induced Lung Injury by Lack of cd47 Receptor Gene Expression
Authors: Stirling Elizabeth R. , Cook Katherine L. , Roberts David D. , Soto-Pantoja David R.
Published: October 2019

The goal of this study was to interrogate biochemical profiles manifested in mouse lung tissue originating from wild type (WT) and cd47 null mice with the aim of revealing the in vivo role of CD47 in the metabolic response to ionizing radiation, especially changes related to the known association of CD47 deficiency with increased tissue viability and survival. For this objective, we performed global metabolomic analysis in mouse lung tissue collected from (C57Bl/6 background) WT and cd47 null mice with and without exposure to 7.6 Gy whole body radiation. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering revealed a consistent separation between genotypes following radiation exposure. Random forest analysis also revealed a unique biochemical signature in WT and cd47 null mice following treatment. Our data show that cd47 null irradiated lung tissue activates a unique set of metabolic pathways that facilitate the handling of reactive oxygen species, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and nutrient metabolites which may be regulated by microbial processing. Given that cd47 has pleiotropic effects on responses to ionizing radiation, we not only propose this receptor as a therapeutic target but postulate that the biomarkers regulated in this study associated with radioprotection are potential mitigators of radiation-associated pathologies, including the onset of pulmonary disease.
Fe-Ni-P-S Melt Pockets in Elga IIE Iron Meteorite: Evidence for the Origin at High-Pressures Up to 20 GPa
Authors: Litasov Konstantin , Teplyakova Svetlana , Shatskiy Anton , Kuper Konstantin
Published: October 2019

Here we report new data on high-pressure microstructures in Elga group IIE iron meteorites, made of solidified Fe-Ni-P-S melt pockets and microcrystalline aggregates, which could be formed only at high pressures and temperatures according to the experimental data. The bulk composition of the melt pockets and crystals correspond to the Fe3P-Fe3S solid solution with the closure of an immiscibility gap at pressures near 20 GPa in static experiments. Some other melt pockets fit with the Fe2S-Fe2P compositions, which could also correspond to high pressures and temperatures. The results suggest a late shock episode during the formation of the IIE iron parent body, which may be prior or due to the final disruption that caused the meteorite arrival to Earth. It also has an important implication to the shock features in other meteorites, such as ureilite.
Applicability of a Monolithic Column for Separation of Isoquinoline Alkalodis from Chelidonium majus Extract
Authors: Staniak Michał , Wójciak-Kosior Magdalena , Sowa Ireneusz , Strzemski Maciej , Sawicki Jan , Dresler Sławomir , Tyszczuk-Rotko Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

Isoquinoline alkaloids are the main group of secondary metabolites present in Chelidonium majus extracts, and they are still the object of interest of many researchers. Therefore, the development of methods for the investigation and separation of the alkaloids is still an important task. In this work, the application potential of a silica-based monolithic column for the separation of alkaloids was assessed. The influence of the organic modifier, temperature, salt concentration, and pH of the eluent on basic chromatographic parameters such as retention, resolution between neighboring peaks, chromatographic plate numbers, and peak asymmetry were investigated. Based on the obtained results, a gradient elution program was developed and used to separate and quantitatively determine the main alkaloids in a Chelidonium majus root extract.
A Review on the Reactivity of 1-Amino-2-Nitroguanidine (ANQ)
Authors: Wang Jinghua , Cai Meng , Zhao Fengqi , Xu Kangzhen
Published: October 2019

1-Amino-2-nitroguanidine (ANQ) is a high-energy nitrogen-rich compound with good detonation properties and low sensitivities. ANQ has only a central carbon atom with three small groups around it, including an amino, a hydrazine and a nitroxyl group. Though the molecular structure of ANQ is very simple, its reactivity is surprisingly abundant. ANQ can undergo various reactions, including reduction reaction, acylation reaction, salification reaction, coordination reaction, aldimine condensation reaction, cyclization reaction and azide reaction. Many new energetic compounds were purposely obtained through these reactions. These reactions were systematically summarized in this review, and detonation properties of some energetic compounds were compared. In the field of energetic materials, ANQ and some derivatives exhibit good application prospects.
Expanding the Reaction Space of Linkage-Specific Sialic Acid Derivatization
Authors: Pongracz Tamas , Wuhrer Manfred , de Haan Noortje
Published: October 2019

The human glycome is characterized by a high degree of sialylation, affecting, amongst others, cell–cell interactions and protein half-life. An established method for the linkage isomer-specific characterization of N-glycan sialylation is based on the linkage-specific derivatization of sialylated glycoconjugates, inducing ethyl esterification of α2,6-linked sialic acids and lactonization of α2,3-linked sialic acids. While the carboxylic acid activator and nucleophile used in this reaction received extensive investigation, the role of the catalyst was never thoroughly explored. A frequently used catalyst for the linkage-specific esterification of sialic acids is 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt). Here, a systematic evaluation was performed of five HOBt alternatives in combination with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) in ethanol for the linkage-specific derivatization of sialic acids. Derivatized glycans were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS and the catalyst performance was evaluated based on the completeness of the reactions and the linkage-specificity obtained. The use of both 6-Cl-HOBt and 6-CF3-HOBt resulted in high linkage-specificity and minimal byproduct formation, similar to the benchmark method using HOBt. Performing the reaction with these catalysts at neutral or acidic pH showed comparable efficiencies on both sialyllactose and complex-type N-glycans. The reported investigations resulted in an expansion of the reaction space for linkage-specific sialic acid derivatization.
Co-Localization of DNA i-Motif-Forming Sequences and 5-Hydroxymethyl-cytosines in Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Bhavsar-Jog Yogini P. , Van Dornshuld Eric , Brooks Tracy A. , Tschumper Gregory S. , Wadkins Randy M.
Published: October 2019

G-quadruplexes (G4s) and i-motifs (iMs) are tetraplex DNA structures. Sequences capable of forming G4/iMs are abundant near the transcription start sites (TSS) of several genes. G4/iMs affect gene expression in vitro. Depending on the gene, the presence of G4/iMs can enhance or suppress expression, making it challenging to discern the underlying mechanism by which they operate. Factors affecting G4/iM structures can provide additional insight into their mechanism of regulation. One such factor is epigenetic modification. The 5-hydroxymethylated cytosines (5hmCs) are epigenetic modifications that occur abundantly in human embryonic stem cells (hESC). The 5hmCs, like G4/iMs, are known to participate in gene regulation and are also enriched near the TSS. We investigated genomic co-localization to assess the possibility that these two elements may play an interdependent role in regulating genes in hESC. Our results indicate that amongst 15,760 G4/iM-forming locations, only 15% have 5hmCs associated with them. A detailed analysis of G4/iM-forming locations enriched in 5hmC indicates that most of these locations are in genes that are associated with cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and embryogenesis. The library generated from our analysis is an important resource for investigators exploring the interdependence of these DNA features in regulating expression of selected genes in hESC.
Anti-Platelet Properties of Phenolic Extracts from the Leaves and Twigs of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson
Authors: Skalski Bartosz , Kontek Bogdan , Rolnik Agata , Olas Beata , Stochmal Anna , Żuchowski Jerzy
Published: October 2019

Sea buckthorn (Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson) is a small tree or bush. It belongs to the Elaeagnaceae family, and has been used for many years in traditional medicine in both Europe and Asia. However, there is no data on the effect of sea buckthorn leaves and twigs on the properties of blood platelets. The aim of the study was to analyze the biological activity of phenolic extracts from leaves and twigs of sea buckthorn in blood platelets in vitro. Two sets of extracts were used: (1) phenolic compounds from twigs and (2) phenolic compounds from leaves. Their biological effects on human blood platelets were studied by blood platelet adhesion, platelet aggregation, arachidonic acid metabolism and the generation of superoxide anion. Cytotoxicity was also evaluated against platelets. The action of extracts from sea buckthorn twigs and leaves was compared to activities of the phenolic extract (a commercial product from the berries of Aronia melanocarpa (Aronox®) with antioxidative and antiplatelet properties. This study is the first to demonstrate that extracts from sea buckthorn leaves and twigs are a source of bioactive compounds which may be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular pathologies associated with blood platelet hyperactivity. Both leaf and twig extracts were found to display anti-platelet activity in vitro. Moreover, the twig extract (rich in proanthocyanidins) displayed better anti-platelet potential than the leaf extract or aronia extract.
Integration of ZiYuan-3 Multispectral and Stereo Data for Modeling Aboveground Biomass of Larch Plantations in North China
Authors: Li Guiying , Xie Zhuli , Jiang Xiandie , Lu Dengsheng , Chen Erxue
Published: October 2019

Data saturation in optical sensor data has long been recognized as a major factor that causes underestimation of aboveground biomass (AGB) for forest sites having high AGB, but there is a lack of suitable approaches to solve this problem. The objective of this research was to understand how incorporation of forest canopy features into high spatial resolution optical sensor data improves forest AGB estimation. Therefore, we explored the use of ZiYuan-3 (ZY-3) satellite imagery, including multispectral and stereo data, for AGB estimation of larch plantations in North China. The relative canopy height (RCH) image was calculated from the difference of digital surface model (DSM) data at leaf-on and leaf-off seasons, which were extracted from the ZY-3 stereo images. Image segmentation was conducted using eCognition on the basis of the fused ZY-3 multispectral and panchromatic data. Spectral bands, vegetation indices, textural images, and RCH-based variables based on this segment image were extracted. Linear regression was used to develop forest AGB estimation models, where the dependent variable was AGB from sample plots, and explanatory variables were from the aforementioned remote-sensing variables. The results indicated that incorporation of RCH-based variables and spectral data considerably improved AGB estimation performance when compared with the use of spectral data alone. The RCH-variable successfully reduced the data saturation problem. This research indicated that the combined use of RCH-variables and spectral data provided more accurate AGB estimation for larch plantations than the use of spectral data alone. Specifically, the root mean squared error (RMSE), relative RMSE, and mean absolute error values were 33.89 Mg/ha, 29.57%, and 30.68 Mg/ha, respectively, when using the spectral-only model, but they become 24.49 Mg/ha, 21.37%, and 20.37 Mg/ha, respectively, when using the combined model with RCH variables and spectral band. This proposed approach provides a new insight in reducing the data saturation problem.
Fabrication of a Monolithic Lab-on-a-Chip Platform with Integrated Hydrogel Waveguides for Chemical Sensing
Authors: Torres-Mapa Maria Leilani , Singh Manmeet , Simon Olga , Mapa Jose Louise , Machida Manan , Günther Axel , Roth Bernhard , Heinemann Dag , Terakawa Mitsuhiro , Heisterkamp Alexander
Published: October 2019

Hydrogel waveguides have found increased use for variety of applications where biocompatibility and flexibility are important. In this work, we demonstrate the use of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) waveguides to realize a monolithic lab-on-a-chip device. We performed a comprehensive study on the swelling and optical properties for different chain lengths and concentrations in order to realize an integrated biocompatible waveguide in a microfluidic device for chemical sensing. Waveguiding properties of PEGDA hydrogel were used to guide excitation light into a microfluidic channel to measure the fluorescence emission profile of rhodamine 6G as well as collect the fluorescence signal from the same device. Overall, this work shows the potential of hydrogel waveguides to facilitate delivery and collection of optical signals for potential use in wearable and implantable lab-on-a-chip devices.
Looking Through Paintings by Combining Hyper-Spectral Imaging and Pulse-Compression Thermography
Authors: Laureti Stefano , Malekmohammadi Hamed , Rizwan Muhammad Khalid , Burrascano Pietro , Sfarra Stefano , Mostacci Miranda , Ricci Marco
Published: October 2019

The use of different spectral bands in the inspection of artworks is highly recommended to identify the maximum number of defects/anomalies (i.e., the targets), whose presence ought to be known before any possible restoration action. Although an artwork cannot be considered as a composite material in which the zero-defect theory is usually followed by scientists, it is possible to state that the preservation of a multi-layered structure fabricated by the artist’s hands is based on a methodological analysis, where the use of non-destructive testing methods is highly desirable. In this paper, the infrared thermography and hyperspectral imaging methods were applied to identify both fabricated and non-fabricated targets in a canvas painting mocking up the famous character “Venus” by Botticelli. The pulse-compression thermography technique was used to retrieve info about the inner structure of the sample and low power light-emitting diode (LED) chips, whose emission was modulated via a pseudo-noise sequence, were exploited as the heat source for minimizing the heat radiated on the sample surface. Hyper-spectral imaging was employed to detect surface and subsurface features such as pentimenti and facial contours. The results demonstrate how the application of statistical algorithms (i.e., principal component and independent component analyses) maximized the number of targets retrieved during the post-acquisition steps for both the employed techniques. Finally, the best results obtained by both techniques and post-processing methods were fused together, resulting in a clear targets map, in which both the surface, subsurface and deeper information are all shown at a glance.
Distributed Hybrid Two-Stage Multi-Sensor Fusion for Cooperative Modulation Classification in Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Markovic Goran B. , Sokolovic Vlada S. , Dukic Miroslav L.
Published: October 2019

Recent studies showed that the performance of the modulation classification (MC) is considerably improved by using multiple sensors deployed in a cooperative manner. Such cooperative MC solutions are based on the centralized fusion of independent features or decisions made at sensors. Essentially, the cooperative MC employs multiple uncorrelated observations of the unknown signal to gather more complete information, compared to the single sensor reception, which is used in the fusion process to refine the MC decision. However, the non-cooperative nature of MC inherently induces large loss in cooperative MC performance due to the unreliable measure of quality for the MC results obtained at individual sensors (which causes the partial information loss while performing centralized fusion). In this paper, the distributed two-stage fusion concept for the cooperative MC using multiple sensors is proposed. It is shown that the proposed distributed fusion, which combines feature (cumulant) fusion and decision fusion, facilitate preservation of information during the fusion process and thus considerably improve the MC performance. The clustered architecture is employed, with the influence of mismatched references restricted to the intra-cluster data fusion in the first stage. The adopted distributed concept represents a flexible and scalable solution that is suitable for implementation of large-scale networks.
Structural Damage Identification Based on AR Model with Additive Noises Using an Improved TLS Solution
Authors: Wu Cai , Li Shujin , Zhang Yuanjin
Published: October 2019

Structural damage is inevitable due to the structural aging and disastrous external excitation. The auto-regressive (AR) based method is one of the most widely used methods for structural damage identification. In this regard, the classical least-squares algorithm is often utilized to solve the AR model. However, this algorithm generally could not take all the observed noises into account. In this study, a partial errors-in-variables (EIV) model is used so that both the current and prior observation errors are considered. Accordingly, a total least-squares (TLSE) solution is introduced to solve the partial EIV model. The solution estimates and accounts for the correlations between the current observed data and the design matrix. An effective damage indicator is chosen to count for damage levels of the structures. Both mathematical and finite element simulation results show that the proposed TLSE method yields better accuracy than the classical LS method and the AR model. Finally, the response data of a high-rise building shaking table test is used for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying the location and damage degree of a model structure.
Information Disorder and Self-Regulation in Europe: A Broader Non-Economistic Conception of Self-Regulation
Authors: Aznar Hugo
Published: October 2019

Over the past decade, the problems arising from social communication have yet again become burning issues on social and political agendas. Information disorder, hate speeches, information manipulation, social networking sites, etc., have obliged the most important European institutions to reflect on how to meet the collective challenges that social communication currently poses in the new millennium. These European Institutions have made a clear commitment to self-regulation. The article reviews some recent European initiatives to deal with information disorder that has given a fundamental role to self-regulation. To then carry out a theoretical review of the normative notion of self-regulation that distinguishes it from the neo-liberal economicist conception. To this end, (1) a distinction is drawn between the (purportedly) self-regulating market and (2) a broader conception of self-regulation inherent not to media companies or corporations, but to the social subsystem of social communication, is proposed. This involves increasing the number of self-regulatory mechanisms that may contribute to improve social communication, and reinforcing the commitment of those who should exercise such self-regulation, including not only media companies but also the professionals working at them and the public at large.
Algorithmic Justice in Child Protection: Statistical Fairness, Social Justice and the Implications for Practice
Authors: Keddell Emily
Published: October 2019

Algorithmic tools are increasingly used in child protection decision-making. Fairness considerations of algorithmic tools usually focus on statistical fairness, but there are broader justice implications relating to the data used to construct source databases, and how algorithms are incorporated into complex sociotechnical decision-making contexts. This article explores how data that inform child protection algorithms are produced and relates this production to both traditional notions of statistical fairness and broader justice concepts. Predictive tools have a number of challenging problems in the child protection context, as the data that predictive tools draw on do not represent child abuse incidence across the population and child abuse itself is difficult to define, making key decisions that become data variable and subjective. Algorithms using these data have distorted feedback loops and can contain inequalities and biases. The challenge to justice concepts is that individual and group rights to non-discrimination become threatened as the algorithm itself becomes skewed, leading to inaccurate risk predictions drawing on spurious correlations. The right to be treated as an individual is threatened when statistical risk is based on a group categorisation, and the rights of families to understand and participate in the decisions made about them is difficult when they have not consented to data linkage, and the function of the algorithm is obscured by its complexity. The use of uninterpretable algorithmic tools may create ‘moral crumple zones’, where practitioners are held responsible for decisions even when they are partially determined by an algorithm. Many of these criticisms can also be levelled at human decision makers in the child protection system, but the reification of these processes within algorithms render their articulation even more difficult, and can diminish other important relational and ethical aims of social work practice.
Quantitative Assessment of Agricultural Drought Risk in Southeast Gansu Province, Northwest China
Authors: Zeng Zhaoqi , Wu Wenxiang , Li Zhaolei , Zhou Yang , Huang Han
Published: October 2019

The sector that suffers the most directly from drought is agriculture, and drought is expected to become more serious in the context of global warming. Effectively evaluating the agricultural drought risk is fundamental to establishing present water resource management and guaranteeing food security. Therefore, southeast Gansu province was selected for this study as a typical region for which to analyze drought trends and assess agricultural drought risk. Trends for the period from 1967 to 2018 were analyzed at 21 locations by using the Mann–Kendall method, and drought was quantified by using the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Spatial characteristics of the agricultural drought risk that emphasized the combined role of hazards and vulnerability were investigated at a 1-km grid scale. Results showed that the annual SPEI exhibited a nonsignificant increasing trend from 1967 to 1990 but that after 1990, the SPEI showed a steep downward trend of 0.1 per decade. The drying trend from 1990 to 2018 was mainly attributed to a significant increase in the reference evapotranspiration. Approximately 16.1% of the agricultural areas are exposed to an extremely high risk and 42.2% are exposed to high risk of drought. Moreover, 56.7% of the extremely high-risk agricultural areas are located in the Longnan region, which strongly suggests that more attention must be paid to preparedness for and mitigation of drought in the Longnan region. This study offers a scientific approach to evaluating the risk of agricultural drought in dry agricultural regions.
Scissors Difference of Socioeconomics, Travel and Space Consumption Behavior of Rural and Urban Households and Its Impact on Modeling Accuracy and Data Requirements
Authors: Zhong Ming , Tang Qi , Ma Xiaofeng , Hunt John Douglas
Published: October 2019

It is believed that the “scissors difference” of socioeconomics between rural and urban households in typical municipalities of China is significant. This may result in differences in their behavior and has important implications for urban land use and transportation planning policies, as well as related modeling accuracy and data requirements. However, detailed analyses regarding such “scissors differences” between rural and urban groups in China have not been done before. In this study, travel survey data collected from the City of Wuhan in 2008 is used to study if rural and urban households are statistically different in terms of household income, household size, space consumption, highest household mobility and travel distance. A set of statistical tests, such as the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis H test, are applied to the study data. The study results show that the “scissors difference” is found to be statistically significant in terms of household size (HS), household income (HI), building area (BA) consumed and household mobility (except for travel distance) between rural and urban households. Conversely, analyses applied to travel distance of urban and rural household subgroups (categorized by HS and HI) reveal that the urban and rural counterparts show almost exactly opposite behavior. The study results also suggest that such differences should be explicitly considered in relevant modeling exercises by separately setting up urban and rural household groups, but the number of household groups used should be determined based on a balance between modeling accuracy and data required/modeling workload.
O sistema nominal latino nos Rudimenta Grammatices, de Nícolo Perotti
Authors: Ribeiro da Silva Marcelle Mayne , Moniz Fábio Frohwein de Salles
Published: October 2019

Este artigo objetiva explorar o sistema nominal latino nos Rudimenta Grammatices, de Nícolo Perotti (Roma, 1475), a fim de tecer algumas reflexões acerca do ensino de latim no Renascimento Italiano e recompor ideias linguísticas presentes em tal compêndio. Para tanto, comparamos a nomenclatura do sistema nominal utilizada por Perotti com as que utilizaram Sérvio, Prisciano e Donato, autores da Antiguidade tardia usados como modelo para o ensino de latim durante a Idade Média. A partir dessa comparação, discutiremos pontos de ruptura e de continuidade entre o latim ensinado na Idade Média e no Renascimento.
O que Édipo sabe sobre o homem que matou no trívio
Authors: Ribeiro de Oliveira Flávio
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo, procuro demonstrar que no Rei Édipo de Sófocles a questão central – o parricídio – não é definitivamente resolvida: do ponto de vista epistemológico, não se pode afirmar que Édipo matou Laio.
Some Aspects of the Relationship Between the Quality of Sheep Milk and Dairy Products
Authors: Csanádi József , Baráné Herczegh Ottilia , Fenyvessy József
Published: October 2019

The correlation between the quality of raw milk and the quality of milk products is evident. In spite of this fact we can find only a few references contained exact data related sheep milk. In recent paper we investigated the effect of SCC of sheep milk on the cheese yield (semi hard traditional cheese) and certain texture parameters of yoghurt from sheep milk. We wanted to know the relevant limit values of these properties for dairy applications.In our opinion – in the case of the cheese yield – that the strong negative effect can be experienced when SCC is above 700.000-1 million/cm3.In the case of yoghurt from sheep milk the limit values of SCC can be 1 million/cm3 for Adhesivity and Whey draining and 500.000/cm3 for Hardness. Considering these limit values in the selection of milk become materialise the highest quality of products and the economical production.
The Evaluation of Grazed Grasslands on the Hortobágy
Authors: Tóth Csilla , Nagy Géza , Nyakas Antónia
Published: October 2019

The sward composition of different grasslands on Puszta Hortobágy has been developed according to prevailing abiotic and biotic factors. The abiotic conditions have been more or less constans for long periods of time, and the abiotic factors are determined by ecological conditions (climate, soil, topography). Among biotic factors grazing of herbivores was important in the development of Hortobágy grasslands for centuries (Sipos and Varga, 1993). Result of three-year investigations on the sward composition of grasslands utilised in different ways are presented. Data on ground cover, number of plant species, representation of different plant groups (grasses, sedge and bent-grass, herbs, legumes) and weeds are reported from six different grazed grassland types from Puszta Hortobágy.In 1999-2001 a sward composition survey was conducted. Sample areas of 2x2 m2 were marked out in three replicates: on temporarily waterlogged grassland grazed by cattle (A), on dry grassland grazed by cattle (B), on dry grassland grazed by sheep (C), on dry grassland grazed by buffaloes (D), on dry grassland grazed by buffaloes and geese (E), on dry grassland cut for hay in May then grazed by geese (F). On the sample areas sward composition of grasslands was estimated according to Balázs (1949).The average ground cover of different grasslands ranged between 60 and 100% (Table 2). The lowest value was found for grasslands C and E, which are grazed by sheep (C) and buffaloes and geese alternately (E). In these grasslands were some open spaces, on the other grasslands completely closed swards covers were observed.The species diversity of these natural grasslands are high (Table 2). The grassland F, which were cut for hay in May had the lowest diversity (17-21). The highest number of species was found on grassland A and B (32-51), on other grazed grasslands (C, D, E) had 29-48 species.The different plant groups had different representation in the total ground cover (Table 3). The number of herbs was always higher then that of grasses, but the cover of herbs was lower then that of grasses. The legumes and the sedge and bent grasses were present in high abundance in grassland A, but in the other grasslands were not.The composition of herbs should be a warning for future utilisation systems on some grasslands of Hortobágy. Some species of herbs, e.g. Achillea millefolium, Artemisia vulgaris, Carduus acanthoides, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare Eryngium campestre, Galium mollugo, Galium verum, Ononis spinosa, Rumex crispus, Verbascum phlomoideus, Phragmites australis can be invasive on short grasslands.
The Effect of Soil Coverings on Cellulose Decomposition Activity of Sandy Soil
Authors: Varga Csaba
Published: October 2019

The purpose of our experiments is to discover the effect of different soil cover matter (agroszövet and black polyethylene) on actual (under field circumstances) and potential (under laboratory circumstances) cellulose decomposition activity. In our field research, the Unger-test was used, and in laboratory research, the Petkov-Markova method was applied. In the first year of the experiment (2000) actual cellulose decomposition activity was significantly higher in covered than in the uncovered soil both in spring and autumn. The difference between the two treatments was significant only in spring. In the spring of 2001 black polyethylene showed significantly the lowest, activity, while in autumn the agroszövet (a porous black polyethylene) showed significantly the highest activity. In the autumn of 2001 the soil covered by black polyethylene gave non-significant,and the soil covered by agroszövet gave a significant higher activity value than the control. Averaging the two experimental years (2000-2001), the actual cellulose decomposition activity was significantly higher in covered soils both in spring (with 30-39%) and in autumn (with 34-69%). Moreover, in autumn a significantly higher value was detected under agroszövet than in any other treatment. The difference between the effect of treatments was not significant. In 2000, the potential cellulose decomposition activity was the highest in soil covered by agroszövet in spring, but in autumn higher activity value was detected in every covered soil than in the control. In the spring of 2001, every covered soil showed a lower, but in autumn a higher, potential cellulose decomposition rate than the control. The activity decreased significantly 27 (agroszövet) and 45 (black polyethylene) percent in spring, and increased no- significantly 8 (agroszövet) and 4 (black polyethylene) percent in autumn. During the two experimental years, we observed on average lower potential cellulose decomposition activity (15-60%) in spring and a higher one (14-43%) in autumn. Neither was significant. The dynamic of potential cellulose decomposition activity averaging 2000 and 2001 showed a slight, the actual cellulose decomposition activity an explicit non-significant upward tendency. There was a strong (r=0,189) correlation obtained between the actual and potential cellulose decomposition activity of soil, and a medium-strong (r=0,673) relationship between the soil moisture content and actual cellulose decomposition activity.
Authors: Wati Rahma , Wahyuningsih Sri , Syaripuddin Syaripuddin
Published: October 2019

Metode DCA (Decline Curve Analysis) dan ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) merupakan metode peramalan kuantitatif. Asumsi dari metode ini adalah data aspek masa lalu akan terus berlanjut di masa yang akan datang. Perhitungan DCA dilakukan dengan menentukan jenis kurva penurunan. Sementara itu pemodelan ARIMA dilakukan dengan lima tahap yaitu identifikasi model, penaksiran parameter, pengujian signifikansi parameter, pemeriksaan diagnostik dan peramalan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan DCA diperoleh jenis kurva penurunan eksponensial dan hasil peramalan menunjukkan penurunan yang cenderung konstan. Sedangkan analisis menggunakan ARIMA diperoleh model ARIMA(1,1,0) dan hasil peramalan menunjukkan fluktuasi yang relatif konstan.

 

Kata Kunci: ARIMA, DCA, kurva penurunan, laju produksi minyak bumi.
O Peso do Passado: a História das Ditaduras nos Currículos de São Paulo e Buenos Aires
Authors: Balestra Juliana Pirola da Conceição
Published: October 2019

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma extensa investigação em documentos oficiais, programas curriculares e materiais didáticos que normatizam o ensino de história e o processo de escolarização nas cidades de São Paulo, no Brasil, e Buenos Aires, na Argentina, desde o fim dos últimos regimes ditatoriais até a atualidade. O objetivo é oferecer indícios que ajudem perceber o peso da história das Ditaduras nas políticas públicas de construção de memórias na região, via ensino de história, que terminam por estabelecer o que deve ser lembrado e o que pode ser esquecido no processo de construção de memórias sobre o período. Para a análise dos documentos, fez-se uso dos apontamentos de IvorGoodson e GimenoSacristán sobre os currículos oficiais, enquanto prescrições, que envolvem místicas importantes sobre o papel do Estado, da escolarização e da sociedade no processo de aprendizagem. O modo como se representa o passado nessas prescrições, por sua vez, foi interpretado a partir das contribuições dos estudos de Serge Moscovici e Denise Jodeletsobre as representações sociais, relacionadas ao processo pelo qual o conhecimento é gerado, transformado e projetado no mundo social.Palavras-chave: Ensino de história. América Latina. Ditaduras.
Enseñanza de Temas Conflictivos de la Historia del Tiempo Presente en Libros de Textos de Chile y Argentina
Authors: Leyton Gabriela Vásquez Vásquez , Ávalos Consuelo Cáceres , Calderón Christian Calderón
Published: October 2019

La historia del tiempo presente es un campo de estudio relativamente reciente. Una de sus características principales es la de mantener una estrecha relación con los procesos de transición y la memoria, en la medida en que se desarrollan a partir de un trauma profundo que ha vivido una determinada sociedad. Desde esta perspectiva, las investigaciones sobre el pasado reciente han tomado un protagonismo inusitado en las últimas décadas. Así, desde la historia como ciencia escolar, se ha levantado una preocupación en torno a la enseñanza de temas controversiales y su planteamiento didáctico en los textos escolares. Desde esa perspectiva, creemos que un análisis sobre estos materiales didácticos develará no sólo la intencionalidad político-ética que los subyace, sino también los objetivos educativos, los recursos y estrategias didácticas y el tipo de ciudadano que se quiere formar para la sociedad. En esta investigación, de carácter cualitativo, estudiamos esta problemática a partir de un análisis comparativo de dos textos escolares que enseñan el pasado reciente. Para ello adaptamos una ficha de análisis dichos textos, los cuales desarrollaron temas tales como: el análisis textual y análisis didáctico de dichos textos. Algunos resultados evidencian que ambos textos desarrollan un tipo de memoria de carácter emblemático, dificultando el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento crítico y de nivel superior; que la dimensión moral del pensamiento histórico, dimensión clave para la enseñanza/aprendizaje de la HTP, es escasamente desarrollada y que, la mayoría de recursos y actividades de aprendizaje propuestos son poco relevantes para el desarrollo de un aprendizaje significativo.Palabras claves: Historia del tiempo presente. Transición. Memoria. Dimensión moral. Pensamiento histórico.
O PNLD Campo 2016 e o Ensino de História das Séries Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental em Tijucas do Sul
Authors: Gonçalves Rita de Cassia
Published: October 2019

Apresenta resultados do projeto “Políticas Públicas para o Livro Didático nas Escolas do Campo da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba – PR” desenvolvido junto aos professores de nove escolas localizadas no campo no município de Tijucas do Sul entre os anos de 2015 e 2017. O PNLD Campo em 2016 apresentou pela segunda vez coleções de livros didáticos para a seleção por parte dos professores das escolas públicas de ensino fundamental localizadas no campo. Os sujeitos da investigação são os professores que participaram do processo de seleção e utilizam, a partir do ano de 2016, destes materiais. Analisa e discute, de forma teórica e empírica, como se desenvolveu todo o processo desde a seleção do material, a distribuição e recebimento nas escolas. Tece considerações sobre todo o Programa e sua efetivação nas escolas, o conteúdo apresentado nos livros e como isso afeta o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. O marco teórico das discussões sobre didática vem de Rüsen (2010, 2012, 2015), Schmidt (2010), Munakata (2012), Santos (2013).Palavras-chave: Ensino de História. Professores. PNLD. Ensino Fundamental.
Pensando Relações entre Educação Popular e Vulnerabilidade Educacional
Authors: Rodrigues Walace
Published: October 2019

Este escrito busca pensar sobre a educação popular freireana enquanto possibilidade para uma vida mais digna e com mais oportunidades. Neste sentido, podemos notar que há pelo Brasil afora (nas grandes metrópoles e no interior) bolsões de vulnerabilidades, entre eles a vulnerabilidade educacional. Os resultados deste texto nos mostram que há uma necessidade educação popular participativa e democrática nestas áreas vulneráveis, além de oferta educacional condizente com o número de estudantes, principalmente na educação infantil.Palavras-chave: Ensino. Educação Popular. Vulnerabilidade Educacional.
La Historia Reciente de Chile: Reflexiones sobre su Enseñanza y Aprendizaje en Tiempos de Convergencia Cultural
Authors: Silva David Aceituno , Donoso Dámaris Collao
Published: October 2019

La cultura en que viven y conviven nuestros estudiantes se ha ido transformando radicalmente durante las últimas décadas, en lo que algunos llaman revolución digital. Esto ha implicado la creación de nuevos canales de información, pero que en la práctica no siempre significa mayor variedad de la misma. Una cultura de la convergencia mediática, por la cual fluye una misma información por distintos canales. Esto ha afectado la forma en que se aprende, lo que ha ido generando tensiones en diversos niveles, como la participación, la política y la escuela. Los estudiantes ven en estos nuevos espacios de aprendizaje y conocimiento la oportunidad para hacer y aprender lo que no se da en la sociedad o se enseña en la escuela, pero también se ven enfrentados a la desinformación o lo efímero de sus causas. En este artículo, contrastamos las propuestas que el Ministerio de Educación tiene para aprender temas controversiales de nuestra Historia Reciente y formación ciudadana y reflexionamos acerca de estas nuevas habilidades y su potencial. Los desafíos para la escuela son muchos, pero también se abren una serie de oportunidades para impulsar el aprendizaje de la historia para entender y analizar nuestra sociedad actual y su democracia.Palabras Claves: Historia Reciente. Cultura de la Convergencia. Enseñanzade la Historia.
Educação Ambiental e os Incêndios Florestais: a Importância da Formação Superior dos Técnicos Florestais
Authors: Colaço Maria da Conceição , Rego Francisco Castro , Cartea Pablo Ángel Meira
Published: October 2019

Os técnicos florestais são um dos principais intervenientes no território rural. Os incêndios são a maior ameaça aos espaços florestais portugueses e são maioritariamente um problema social. Com o objetivo de perceber se as competências fornecidas nos diversos cursos universitários da área florestal respondem às diversas solicitações laborais destes profissionais e aos desafios do séc. XXI, realizou-se um levantamento das necessidades formativas dos técnicos, confrontando-as com as diferentes atividades profissionais e a sua formação universitária ao nível da licenciatura e mestrado. A metodologia utilizada incluiu a análise de conteúdos das licenciaturas e mestrados na área das ciências florestais e um questionário enviado por correio eletrónico aos 220 técnicos que trabalham nos Gabinetes Técnico Florestal em Portugal. A taxa de resposta foi de 71%. Desta análise verificou-se que existem diversas novas funções ligadas principalmente às componentes sociais como por exemplo na área da educação ambiental e sensibilização. Assim concluiu-se que as maiores discrepâncias entre o que é importante para o desempenho profissional e a preparação dos técnicos, encontram-se maioritariamente na dimensão humana da gestão dos recursos florestais, nomeadamente na integração da componente social da perceção do risco por parte dapopulação na gestão. Esta componente social reflete-se nas competências ligadas à comunicação com diferentes públicos (competências gerais) e as que estão ligadas às competências sociais e relacionais como gestão de conflitos, dinâmica de grupos e a componente pedagógica.
Dieta y Cambio Climático
Authors: Pérez Kylyan Marc Bisquert i , Carvalho Sara Costa , Cartea Pablo Ángel Meira
Published: October 2019

Se existe um consenso geral quanto ao carácter antropogénico das Alterações Climáticas (AC) actuais, ao centrarmos a atenção nas emissões difusas de gases com efeito de estufa associadas especificamente à dieta, deixa de se verificar tal consenso. Existe, nomeadamente, uma reduzida percepção por parte dapopulação sobre a conexão Dieta-AC e uma escassa atenção mediática e tratamento a nível educativo sobre este binómio. Encarando a dieta como um conjunto de padrões de consumo para satisfazer as necessidades alimentares, esta encontra-se mediada por fatores socioeconómicos e culturais, assim como por condicionantes externos como a publicidade. Portanto, a dieta é, também, tomada como uma construção social vinculada aos sistemas agroalimentares que a abastecem e que produzem impactos negativos ao longo do seu ciclo de produção e consumo, com uma especial incidência na contribuçao às AC. Perante a complexa relação Dieta-AC, este trabalho procura partir de uma perspectiva multidisciplinar explorando, em primeiro lugar, essas diversas dimensões da conexão da dieta e dos sistemas agroalimentares com as AC.Em segundo lugar, é partilhada e justificada a necessidade de se abordar esta questão através de uma Educação Ambiental (EA) sociocrítica. Por último, são apresentadas várias linhas de investigação e acção em EA destinadas a promover dietas e sistemas agroalimentares sustentáveis. Tais linhas de investigação eexperiências socioeducativas pretendem, assim, contribuir como ferramentas para uma descarbonização social através da dimensão alimentar. Palavras-chave: Alterações Climáticas. Descarbonização de estilos de vida. Dieta. Sistemas agroalimentares. Educação Ambiental sociocrítica. Educação Climática.
Produção Coletiva de uma Proposta de Educação Ambiental na Escola Pública
Authors: Maia Jorge Sobral da Silva , Tozoni-Reis Marília Freitas de Campos
Published: October 2019

A formação de um grupo de professores pesquisadores para um processo de reflexão - ação - reflexão sobre suas práticas e, a partir daí, construir coletivamente um projeto de educação ambiental na perspectiva sóciohistórica, constitui o objetivo desse estudo. Seguindo a metodologia dapesquisa-ação e atuando em uma escola estadual junto a professores do ensino fundamental, organizou-se um conjunto de estratégias que permitiram identificar os problemas socioambientais presentes no cotidiano da instituição. As ações expandiram para a comunidade no entorno possibilitando o enfrentamento das questões socioambientais definindo um processo de educação ambiental fundamentada em princípios críticos.Palavras-chave: Pesquisação. Produção coletiva. Formação docente.