bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A gonadotropin-releasing hormone type neuropeptide with a high affinity binding site for copper(ii) and nickel(ii)
Authors: Tran Kevin K. , Jayawardena Bhawantha M. , Elphick Maurice R. , Jones Christopher E.
Published: December 2018

Gonadotropin releasing hormone from Asterias rubens binds Cu(ii) in a nitrogen-rich, high-affinity site. Cu(ii)-binding is an evolutionarily conserved feature of GnRH-type neuropeptides.
Discrete mononuclear and dinuclear compounds containing a MoO22+core and 4-aminobenzhydrazone ligands: synthesis, structure and organic-solvent-free epoxidation activity
Authors: Cvijanović Danijela , Pisk Jana , Pavlović Gordana , Šišak-Jung Dubravka , Matković-Čalogović Dubravka , Cindrić Marina , Agustin Dominique , Vrdoljak Višnja
Published: December 2018

New aroylhydrazone molybdenum(vi) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and used as (pre)catalysts for epoxidation of cyclooctene using aqueous TBHP as the oxidant.
Synthesis and electronic properties of A3B-thienyl porphyrins: experimental and computational investigations
Authors: Kumar Poomani Ram , Britto Neethinathan Johnee , Kathiravan Arunkumar , Neels Antonia , Jaccob Madhavan , Mothi Ebrahim M.
Published: December 2018

A facile synthesis ofmeso-thienyl porphyrins containing a phenyl substituent allows fine tuning of the frontier orbitals to suit applications in DSSC and photomedicine.
In situ growth of α-Fe2O3@Co3O4 core–shell wormlike nanoarrays for a highly efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation reaction
Authors: Li Chunmei , Chen Zhihui , Yuan Weiyong , Xu Qing-Hua , Li Chang Ming
Published: December 2018

α-Fe2O3@Co3O4 core–shell wormlike nanoarrays were fabricated via in situ growth of Co3O4 on wormlike α-Fe2O3, showing superior photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance.
Solution processed infrared- and thermo-photovoltaics based on 0.7 eV bandgap PbS colloidal quantum dots
Authors: Bi Yu , Bertran Arnau , Gupta Shuchi , Ramiro Iñigo , Pradhan Santanu , Christodoulou Sotirios , Majji Shanmukh-Naidu , Akgul Mehmet Zafer , Konstantatos Gerasimos
Published: December 2018

Colloidal quantum dot photovoltaics with a bandgap of 0.7 eV demonstrate potential to harness the infrared solar spectrum as well as in waste heat recovery.
A novel multicomponent quadruple/double quadruple domino reaction: highly efficient synthesis of polyheterocyclic architectures
Authors: Bakthadoss Manickam , Jayakumar Srinivasan , Raman Selvakumar , Devaraj Anthonisamy , Sharada Duddu S.
Published: December 2018

The design of highly efficient, multicomponent quadruple/double quadruple domino reaction (MCQDR)/(MCDQDR) for the assembly of structurally complex molecular architectures has been accomplished.
Manganese(iii)-mediated selective phosphorylation of enamides: direct synthesis of β-phosphoryl enamides
Authors: Zhang Dong-Liang , Li Cheng-Kun , Zeng Run-Sheng , Shoberu Adedamola , Zou Jian-Ping
Published: December 2018

Mn(iii)-Mediated radical oxidative selective phosphorylation ofN-styrylamides to afford β-phosphoryl enamides, which could be easily transformed to β-amino phosphonic acids, is described.
Determination of the electronic structure of a dinuclear dysprosium single molecule magnet without symmetry idealization
Authors: Perfetti Mauro , Gysler Maren , Rechkemmer-Patalen Yvonne , Zhang Peng , Taştan Hatice , Fischer Florian , Netz Julia , Frey Wolfgang , Zimmermann Lucas W. , Schleid Thomas , Hakl Michael , Orlita Milan , Ungur Liviu , Chibotaru Liviu , Brock-Nannestad Theis , Piligkos Stergios , van Slageren Joris
Published: December 2018

We present the in-depth determination of the magnetic properties and electronic structure of the luminescent and volatile dysprosium-based single molecule magnet [Dy2(bpm)(fod)6] (Hfod = 6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedione, bpm = 2,2-bipyrimidine).
Dynamic polyimine macrobicyclic cryptands – self-sorting with component selection
Authors: Kołodziejski Michał , Stefankiewicz Artur R. , Lehn Jean-Marie
Published: December 2018

Self-assembling macrobicyclic cryptand-type organic cages display remarkable self-sorting behavior with efficient component selection.
Correction: Antimicrobial peptide based magnetic recognition elements and Au@Ag-GO SERS tags with stable internal standards: a three in one biosensor for isolation, discrimination and killing of multiple bacteria in whole blood
Authors: Yuan Kaisong , Mei Qingsong , Guo Xinjie , Xu Youwei , Yang Danting , Sánchez Beatriz Jurado , Sheng Bingbing , Liu Chusheng , Hu Ziwei , Yu Guangchao , Ma Hongming , Gao Hao , Haisch Christoph , Niessner Reinhard , Jiang Zhengjin , Zhou Haibo
Published: December 2018

Correction for ‘Antimicrobial peptide based magnetic recognition elements and Au@Ag-GO SERS tags with stable internal standards: a three in one biosensor for isolation, discrimination and killing of multiple bacteria in whole blood’ by Kaisong Yuan et al., Chem. Sci., 2018, DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04637a.
Self-assembled and well separated B and N co-doped hierarchical carbon structures as high-capacity, ultra-stable, LIB anode materials
Authors: Zhu Jinliang , Wei Pengcheng , Key Julian , Yin Shibin , Ma Shaojian , Shen Pei Kang
Published: December 2018

Self-assembled porous hierarchical networks of boron and nitrogen co-doped carbon nanofibers (BN-CNN) or graphene sheets (BN-GSN) exhibit high reversible capacities and ultra-stable cycle performances as LIB anode materials.
On mechanisms of colicin import: the outer membrane quandary
Authors: Cramer William A. , Sharma Onkar , Zakharov S.D.
Published: December 2018

Current problems in the understanding of colicin import across the Escherichia coli outer membrane (OM), involving a range of cytotoxic mechanisms, are discussed: (I) Crystal structure analysis of colicin E3 (RNAase) with bound OM vitamin B12 receptor, BtuB, and of the N-terminal translocation (T) domain of E3 and E9 (DNAase) inserted into the OM OmpF porin, provide details of the initial interaction of the colicin central receptor (R)- and N-terminal T-domain with OM receptors/translocators. (II) Features of the translocon include: (a) high-affinity (Kd ≈ 10−9 M) binding of the E3 receptor-binding R-domain E3 to BtuB; (b) insertion of disordered colicin N-terminal domain into the OmpF trimer; (c) binding of the N-terminus, documented for colicin E9, to the TolB protein on the periplasmic side of OmpF. Reinsertion of the colicin N-terminus into the second of the three pores in OmpF implies a colicin anchor site on the periplasmic side of OmpF. (III) Studies on the insertion of nuclease colicins into the cytoplasmic compartment imply that translocation proceeds via the C-terminal catalytic domain, proposed here to insert through the unoccupied third pore of the OmpF trimer, consistent with in vitro occlusion of OmpF channels by the isolated E3 C-terminal domain. (IV) Discussion of channel-forming colicins focuses mainly on colicin E1 for which BtuB is receptor and the OM TolC protein the proposed translocator. The ability of TolC, part of a multidrug efflux pump, for which there is no precedent for an import function, to provide a trans-periplasmic import pathway for colicin E1, is questioned on the basis of an unfavorable hairpin conformation of colicin N-terminal peptides inserted into TolC.
Targetting an LncRNA P5848-ENO1 axis inhibits tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Xidan , Yu Hui , Li Baolin , Quan Jing , Zeng Zhangrui , Li Guangrong , Liu Jinbo
Published: December 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high recurrence rate and poor clinical outcome after currently used therapies, including radiofrequency ablation. To explore the possible mechanisms for the relapse of HCC, in the present study we focussed on long non-coding RNA (LncRNA), which has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. We identified an LncRNA P5848, whose expression level was up-regulated in tumor samples from HCC patients after radiofrequency ablation. As such, we speculated that LncRNA P5848 may play a role in tumor growth. Here we showed that LncRNA P5848, whose up-regulation can lead to HCC cancer cell proliferation and migration. In vitro and in vivo overexpression of LncRNA P5848 promoted cell growth, cell survival, and cell invasion, whereas LncRNA P5848 depletion exerts opposite effects. Mechanistically, we have found that ENO1 was the target of LncRNA P5848. LncRNA P5848 up-regulated the gene and protein expression level of ENO1, promoting tumor growth and cell survival. However, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ENO1 counteracted the effects of LncRNA P5848 on cancer cell growth, cell survival, and migration. Taken together, LncRNA P5848 promotes HCC development by up-regulating ENO1, indicating that LncRNA P5848-ENO1 axis is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
LncRNA TP73-AS1 promoted the progression of lung adenocarcinoma via PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Liu Chunfeng , Ren Lei , Deng Jun , Wang Songping
Published: December 2018

Lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) is one of the most common malignancies that threats human health worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play significant roles in tumorigenesis and might be novel biomarkers and targets for diagnosis and treatment of cancers. TP73-AS1 is a newly discovered lncRNA involved in the tumorigenesis and development of several cancers. However, its role in LAD has not been investigated yet. In the present study, we first found that TP73-AS1 expression was markedly increased in LAD tissues and cell lines and its overexpression was strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Then the loss/gain-of-function assays elucidated that TP73-AS1 contributed to cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and the in vivo experiments illustrated that its knockdown inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. What was more, we discovered that phosphoinositide 3-kinase and AKT (PI3K/AKT) pathway was activated both in LAD tissues and cell lines but inactivated under TP73-AS1 silence. Moreover, the activation of this pathway could rescue the inhibitory effects of TP73-AS1 suppression on LAD cellular processes partially. These data suggested that TP73-AS1 served as an oncogene in LAD partially through activating PI3K/AKT pathway and it could be a potential target for diagnosis and treatment of LAD.
COLREGS‐compliant path planning considering time‐varying trajectory uncertainty of autonomous surface vehicle
Authors: Park Jeonghong , Choi Jinwoo , Choi Hyun‐Taek
Published: December 2018

A path planning approach is proposed that is in accordance with Collision Regulations (COLREGS) for avoidance of a potential collision and considers the time‐varying trajectory uncertainties of an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) and an obstacle. Unfortunately, as the motion information for each object includes various uncertainties caused by characteristics of the navigation and perception systems, the trajectory uncertainties increase linearly during the pre‐specified time in a trajectory prediction process. This trajectory uncertainty is preferentially modelled using the error covariance of a tracking filter designed for estimating motion information. Subsequently, collision risk is computed using a probabilistic method, and a collision risk zone (CRZ) is configured on the predicted trajectory. Finally, a COLREGS‐compliant path is planned with consideration of the dynamic characteristics of the ASV to avoid the CRZ. Simulation results that demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach with marine traffic examples are presented and discussed.
Fast bilateral filtering
Authors: Zhang Xueli , Dai Longquan
Published: December 2018

The bilateral filter is a fundamental smoothing tool in image processing and computer vision due to its outstanding edge‐preserving ability. However, the computational complexity depends on the size of the support of the spatial kernel. This drawback makes bilateral filtering time‐consuming and significantly limits its applications. A novel strategy to turn the range kernel of the bilateral filter into a sum of exponential functions is proposed. As the convolution with the exponential function can be accelerated by the box filtering, the computational complexity of the bilateral thus becomes . Experimental results disclose that the proposed algorithm is competitive with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in terms of filtering accuracy and computational efficiency.
First experimental results on the feasibility of noise radar systems on fast moving platforms
Authors: Wasserzier C. , Galati G.
Published: December 2018

Forward‐looking radars are essential sensors for many fast moving platforms such as fighter aircraft and missiles. Despite its multiple benefits, noise radar has not yet been used for this task because of the low Doppler tolerance of its waveform and the associated need for computational intense Doppler compensation. This Letter presents the very first experimental results of a continuous‐emission noise radar whose antennas are oriented along the direction of proper motion of a car operating as a radar platform at a significant speed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no experiments of this kind have been published to date. Very likely, the results presented here are the first ones showing moving target detection by a noise radar on a fast moving platform.
Dual‐band antenna with improved gain for WLAN and ISM applications
Authors: Bekasiewicz A. , Koziel S.
Published: December 2018

In this Letter, a dual‐band antenna with an improved gain is proposed. The structure features 9.7 and 10.4 dBi gain within 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz and 5 GHz to 6 GHz bands, respectively. This makes it suitable for WLAN and ISM applications. The structure comprises an asymmetrical pair of radiators and slots suspended over a reflector. The antenna is optimised in a two‐stage process using a trust‐region‐based gradient search algorithm. The design is compared to the state‐of‐the‐art radiators reported in the literature. The numerical results are validated through measurements of the fabricated antenna prototype.
Bandwidth enhancement of low‐profile SIW cavity antenna using fraction modes
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Tan Jie‐Hong
Published: December 2018

A low‐profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity antenna with enhanced bandwidth is proposed. Three slots are etched to divide a single cavity into multiple sub‐cavities. Four fraction modes including a half mode, a quarter mode and two‐eighth modes are excited by a capacitively coupled feeding. Bandwidth enhancement can be achieved when these fraction modes have close frequencies and couple with each other. A fabricated prototype centred at 3.55 GHz has been measured. With the size of 0.43λ0 × 0.43λ0 × 0.04λ0, the proposed design achieves the bandwidth of 13.5% and an efficiency of 85%. The proposed antenna has advantages of low profile, enhanced bandwidth and high efficiency, which is a good candidate for the fifth generation wireless systems.
Deep learning based EVM correction for RF receiver of vector signal analyser
Authors: Jiang Zhengbo , Liu Jingxin , Ye Kairen , Hong Wei
Published: December 2018

This Letter presents a novel deep learning approach for optimising the receiver performance with respect to the error vector magnitude (EVM) metric, which was verified and evaluated by applying it to a self‐developed proprietary vector signal analyser (VSA). A four‐layer neural network was built and trained to estimate and correct the systematic error of the VSA receiver by using a calibrated commercially available vector signal generator as the training source. Experimental results show that the EVM performance of the self‐developed VSA is improved and approaches that of a state‐of‐the‐art VSA.
200°C normally off AlGaN/GaN MISFET with 321 mA/mm drain current density and 1055 V breakdown voltage
Authors: Xu Zhe , Zhou Yang , Li Juntao
Published: December 2018

A high‐performance normally off recess‐gated aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN)/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MISFET) is successfully demonstrated with operation temperature of 200°C which was fabricated by using a self‐terminating gate recess etching technique. At 200°C, by employing a high‐quality aluminium oxide/silicon nitride bilayer as gate dielectrics, the fabricated device exhibits a high threshold voltage of 4.5 V, a high drain current density of 321 mA/mm, a low off‐state leakage current of 20 μA/mm as well as a high on/off current ratio of ∼106. Furthermore, a high forward gate breakdown voltage of 23.6 V (∼7.9 MV/cm) and an off‐state breakdown voltage as high as 1055 V are obtained in the fabricated device, both of which, as far as it is known, is the highest reported value in normally off GaN devices operated at 200°C. The high threshold voltage, large drain current density, low off‐state leakage current, high gate breakdown voltage as well as high off‐state breakdown voltage make this normally off recess‐gated AlGaN/GaN MISFET very suitable for high‐temperature power switch applications.
Low complexity LED grouping based precoding‐aided spatial modulation for highly correlated large‐scale MIMO‐VLC channels
Authors: Kumar Chandrabose Rajesh , Jeyachitra Ramasamy Kandasamy
Published: December 2018

In this study, the authors propose a new precoding‐aided spatial modulation (SM) to improve the transmission performance over significantly high correlated indoor multi‐input multi‐output visible light communication (MIMO‐VLC) channels. Especially, their precoder design relies on the fixed‐sized light‐emitting diode (LED) grouping and transmit beamforming, which plays an important role in enhancing the system performance. First, they propose an approximate discrete‐input continuous‐output memoryless channel capacity based precoder design, which offers better performance at the cost of high‐computational complexity. As far as large‐scale MIMO‐VLC schemes are considered, the proposed precoder design presents to be impractical. Therefore, they develop a spatial correlation measure‐based fast LED grouping algorithm to construct the precoder for large‐scale MIMO‐VLC systems. Their simulation results show that the proposed precoding‐aided SM scheme can outperform the precoding‐aided spatial multiplexing over significantly high correlated large‐scale MIMO‐VLC channels when the proposed fast LED grouping is performed, whereas the latter scheme can perform better than their proposed scheme for less correlated channels.
Virtual full‐duplex relaying in multi‐hop DF cooperative networks using half‐duplex relays with buffers
Authors: B.R. Manoj , Mallik Ranjan K. , Bhatnagar Manav R. , Gautam Shubhankar
Published: December 2018

In this study, the authors propose a novel virtual full‐duplex relaying scheme, which is referred to as centre‐partition max‐link relaying by using buffer‐aided half‐duplex relays for multi‐hop decode‐and‐forward cooperative networks. In the proposed scheme, they aim to select two independent available links for data packet transmission in the same time slot, which, in turn, improves the overall performance of the system. By modelling the evolution of buffer state transition as a Markov chain, the performance of the system is analysed in terms of outage probability and end‐to‐end average packet delay. The state transition matrix of the Markov chain is constructed and its steady‐state distribution is obtained to derive the outage probability. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has a potential to provide significant outage performance with reduced average packet delay as compared to that of buffer‐aided multi‐hop decode‐and‐forward relaying networks using the conventional max‐link scheme.
Improved hop‐based localisation algorithm for irregular networks
Authors: Yan Xiaoyong , Sun Lijuan , Sun Zhixin , Zhou Jian , Song Aiguo
Published: December 2018

The hop‐based localisation algorithm uses hop‐by‐hop propagation to establish node‐to‐anchor distance estimation, which does not require costly and complicated ranging hardware. This helps boost system performance, while minimising the cost of localising the nodes within the network. However, the application of hop‐based localisation algorithms is restricted due to their dramatic accuracy degradation in irregular network, which is mainly caused by the large error of distance estimation. The authors find that the error variance of the estimated distance increases as the hop count increases, i.e. there is a heteroscedasticity problem in the distance estimation process, which will affect the location estimation. In this study, by exploring the error during the location estimation, they aim to find and employ the optimal weighted function to improve localisation accuracy. A geometric constraint algorithm is also devised to correct the incorrectly estimated location by mitigating the adverse effects from flip ambiguity. By combining the optimal weighted function and the geometric constraint algorithm, a novel hop‐based localisation algorithm is proposed in this study. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method has not only maintained the economic characteristics of hop‐based localisation, but also has the high localisation accuracy where it can be adapted to various networks with different node distributions.
Analysis of power factor in variable flux reluctance machines with MMF‐permeance model
Authors: Huang Liren , Feng Jianghua , Guo Shuying , Shi Junxu , Zhu Zi Qiang
Published: December 2018

This study investigates the underlying mechanism of low‐power factor issue of variable flux reluctance machines (VFRMs) from the perspective of magneto‐motive force (MMF)‐permeance model. On the basis of a simplified analytical model, the relationship between the design parameters and the power factor is identified and systematically summarised into three predictable ratios: the rotor permeance ratio, stator/rotor‐pole ratio and DC/AC winding ampere turns ratio. Specifically, the smaller the rotor‐pole arc, the air‐gap length, the rotor‐pole number and the AC/DC winding ampere turns ratio are, the higher the power factor will be. In addition, the weak coupling between the field and armature windings caused by the modulation effect of the salient rotor is responsible for the low‐power factor issue of VFRMs, regardless of the control scheme, winding configuration or saturation effect. A 6‐stator‐pole/4‐rotor‐pole VFRM is prototyped and tested for verification.
Islanding detection in distributed generation system using intrinsic time decomposition
Authors: Nale Ruchita , Venkatanagaraju Kasimala , Biswal Sandeep , Biswal Monalisa , Kishor Nand
Published: December 2018

This study introduces the implementation of intrinsic time decomposition (ITD) based passive islanding detection technique for distributed generation (DG) system. The proposed method utilises voltage signals and decomposes it into a baseline signal and residual signal. The performance index in terms of energy computed from baseline signal is defined to discriminate between islanding and non‐islanding events. The proposed ITD based technique for islanding detection has been analysed on different types of DGs connected to the system. The performance of the proposed technique is validated via simulation of distribution system modelled in EMTDC/PSCAD. The different critical operating conditions: lower end active and reactive power mismatch and events like capacitor switching, load switching, inception of fault, have been simulated to test the performance of the proposed scheme. The obtained results suggest that the proposed technique exhibits high reliability and has quick response time to detect islanding situation as compared to other passive islanding detection methods.
Multi‐objective bi‐level optimisation to design real‐time pricing for demand response programs in retail markets
Authors: Karimi Hamid , Jadid Shahram , Saboori Hedayat
Published: December 2018

Electric energy consumption is progressively increased requiring new investments in the network to meet. Demand response programs (DRPs) are of practical tools to defer and/or decrease these investments. In this study, a real‐time DRP is proposed to promote consumer participation in the energy delivery. The proposed DRP is designed on behalf of the Load Serving Entity (LSE) and aims to maximise its profit. The LSE purchases energy from the up‐stream wholesale market and offers to the consumers in the retail market. The consumers, with the objective of maximising the profit, have the choice to purchase energy from the retail market or the LSE. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear bi‐level programming model wherein LSE and aggregators, on behalf of the consumers, act as the leader and followers of the problem. Also, to avoid creating a new peak profile in light load periods promoted by the designed LSE prices, the upper level problem is tailored as a multi‐objective formulation wherein flattening load profile in addition to the maximising LSE profit is considered. The proposed model is implemented on a test case and the results show that the both LSE and consumers benefit is increased with a smoother load profile.
Development of cloud‐based power system operational data management system
Authors: Sarkar Subhra J. , Kundu Palash K. , Sarkar Gautam
Published: December 2018

While approaching towards smart(er) grids, the volume of data increases significantly and thus, data management becomes extremely challenging. Power system operational data can be compressed effectively by differential binary encoding algorithm (DBEA) and extended‐DBEA (E‐DBEA). In the proposed smart DBEA encryption (S‐DBEAE) algorithm, data is compressed either by DBEA or by E‐DBEA and the obtained string is encrypted to ensure data security. Data management is done by appending few identity characters containing different data fields before the encrypted information. Though the compression ratio obtained with S‐DBEAE is slightly lower than that obtained with DBEA (or E‐DBEA), provision of data management makes S‐DBEAE superior than DBEA or E‐DBEA. The cloud‐based real‐time test bench developed for managing power system operational data comprises four personal computers connected through Internet. While managing generation scheduling information, inertia weight‐particle swarm optimisation algorithm was employed to solve economic load despatch problem for two generating station system. As S‐DBEAE can reduce the volume of system monitoring data considerably, the system can be realised for managing those data as well. Owing to the simplicity of the proposed system, it is possible to extend the work even with low‐level microcontrollers by incorporating certain modifications.
MILP model for integrated expansion planning of multi‐carrier active energy systems
Authors: Ghasemi Hosein , Aghaei Jamshid , Gharehpetian Gevork Babamalek , Safdarian Amir
Published: December 2018

In growing economic energy systems, the interdependency of various energy infrastructures has led to a change in countries' policies in their expansion planning of energy networks. In this study, a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming (MINLP) model is proposed for expansion planning of the multi‐carrier systems including electricity and gas distribution networks. The optimal planning determines the best location, time, and alternative for network assets in order to minimise investment costs and reduce losses. Also, as another distinctive feature of this study, given the integration of electricity and gas distribution networks and the complexity of the problem, a new MILP model using linearisation methods is presented. In this planning model, several types of alternative plans and a set of candidates for the new placements or increase of the capacity of transformers, feeders, distributed generation, gas pipelines, and city gate stations are considered. The proposed MILP model provides the convergence of the problem to a global optimum response using the powerful commercial software. In addition, a solution based on Benders decomposition algorithm is finally proposed to reduce the solution time of the problem. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed model is evaluated by means of some simulation results.
Distributed power system stabiliser for multimachine power systems
Authors: Tu Ganggang , Li Yanjun , Xiang Ji , Ma Jin
Published: December 2018

Power system stabiliser (PSS) widely used to enhance the stability of power systems is based on the feedback of rotor speed error with respect to the rated value. However in many occasions, after the disturbances, it is desirable to re‐synchronise all generators first rather than to make all generators back to the rated 50/60 Hz immediately. This study proposed a distributed power system stabiliser (DPSS) that aims to synchronise generators by the feedback of relative rotor speed errors of each generator with respect to its neighbouring generators. The proposed DPSS is analysed on a double machine infinite bus system, and shows that the proposed DPSS can enhance the stability of power systems by increasing the synchronising torque. To evaluate the efficiency of proposed method, the proposed DPSS is tested on three benchmark systems. The simulation results verify the efficacy of theoretical analysis, show the outperformance of DPSS over other PSSs, and demonstrate the superiority of re‐synchronising generators over making them back to rated value in the post‐fault. Communication issues have also been evaluated, which demonstrates the robustness of DPSS against both communication failures and random delays.
Reliability prediction method and application in distribution system based on genetic algorithm–back‐propagation neural network
Authors: Liu Yiming , Li Yan , Sheng Mengyu , Wang Shaorong
Published: December 2018

With the continuous expansion of distribution system, the structure of the power grid is becoming increasingly complex, and the limitations of traditional analysis methods are more and more obvious. In this study, a reliability prediction model of the distribution network based on back‐propagation neural network and genetic algorithm is proposed. Strong correlation factors of reliability are extracted as the input of the neural network for training, and the trained model is used to predict the distribution system reliability level in the future. The neural network is improved by momentum and adaptive learning rate, and the initial weight and threshold are optimised by genetic algorithm to realise rapid and accurate prediction. The proposed prediction model is trained and validated by the actual data of Hubei power grid. The prediction results show that the method is effective. The sensitivity analysis of reliability‐related factors is carried out by using the trained network to identify the key indicators that have a greater impact on the reliability of the distribution network. This research can provide the basis for reasonable decision making to improve the reliability of distribution system, and has certain practical significance for a cost–benefit analysis of distribution system reliability.
Efficient processing of distance–time k th‐order skyline queries in bicriteria networks
Authors: Zheng Jiping , Jiang Shunqing , Chen Jialiang , Yu Wei
Published: December 2018

With the increasing complexity of traffic conditions in road networks, the nearest destination cannot be necessarily reached in the fastest time. The traditional nearest neighbor (NN) and k NN searches in spatial network databases with single cost criterion are often strongly restrictive. In this paper, the authors consider the problem of k th‐order skyline queries in bicriteria networks, where edges represent road segments. Their proposed k th‐order skyline queries consider distance, time preferences of each edge, thus having two kinds of skyline queries, named distance optimal k th‐order skyline query (DO‐k OSQ) and time optimal k th‐OSQ (TO‐k OSQ). They design algorithms for the two kinds of skyline queries in bicriteria networks based on incremental network expansion method and further develop a maximum distance/time restriction strategy to improve the efficiency of the algorithms. Experimental results show that all of their methods are far below 1000 input–output input/output (IO) accesses and 1 s of central processing unit (CPU) time. For real road networks, their k OSQ+ queries need only 51.6% IO accesses and 59.6% CPU time of those for k OSQ queries, whereas for the larger road network the percentages are 51.8% and 51.2%, respectively. Thus, the results indicate the efficiency and effectiveness of their proposed methods.
Deep learning approach to multimedia traffic classification based on QoS characteristics
Authors: Wang Zaijian , Mao Shiwen , Yang Weidong
Published: December 2018

With the fast increase of multimedia traffic in Internet of Things (IoT) applications, IoT traffic now requires very different Quality of Service (QoS). By extensive statistical analysis of traffic flow data from a real world network, the authors find that there are some latent features hidden in the multimedia data, which can be useful for accurately differentiating multimedia traffic flows from the QoS perspective. Under limited training data conditions, existing shallow classification methods are limited in performance, and are thus not effective in classifying emerging multimedia traffic types, which have truly entered the era of big data and become very completed in QoS features. This situation inspires us to revisit the multimedia traffic classification problem with a deep learning (DL) approach. In this study, an improved DL‐based multimedia traffic classification method is proposed, which considers the inherent structure of QoS features in multimedia data. An improved stacked autoencoder model is employed to learn the relevant QoS features of multimedia traffic. Extensive experimental studies with multimedia datasets captured from a campus network demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method over six benchmark schemes.
Battery‐integrated multi‐input step‐up converter for sustainable hybrid energy supply
Authors: Seyed Mahmoodieh Mir Esmaeel , Deihimi Ali
Published: December 2018

This paper presents a battery‐integrated multi‐input step‐up DC–DC converter (BI‐MISUC) as a unified interface for multiple energy sources in the frame of a sustainable hybrid energy supply. The proposed converter comprises one bidirectional port for a battery and several unidirectional input power ports. Battery can be charged by input sources, discharged into load or bypassed while charging/discharging durations are independent of switching duty ratios for input sources. In the presented BI‐MISUC, higher voltage gains with lower duty ratios are achieved not only by increasing the number of inputs but also using the switched inductor (SI) modules. It therefore enables BI‐MISUC to be used for a wide range of applications from low to high voltage/power. Furthermore, input sources can be operated individually or simultaneously to supply load energy at the desired output voltage. The converter operation is described for three scenarios (i.e. no battery, battery charging and discharging). A linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control is also used to regulate the output voltage and output power of input sources at the desired references for different scenarios. Finally, the performance of the BI‐MISUC is validated by simulations and experimental results.
Evaporation and mixture formation of gasoline–ethanol sprays in spark ignition engines with pre‐blended injection and dual injection: a comparative study
Authors: Van Ga Bui , Van Nam Tran , Quang Trung Nguyen , Tan Tien Huynh
Published: December 2018

Evaporation of sprays and mixture formation as injection of pre‐blended gasoline–ethanol mixture and as separate injection of the fuels are investigated by means of numerical simulation. Effects of operating conditions and different configurations of injection systems have been examined. Under the same operating conditions, pure gasoline mostly evaporated during the injection period, while pure ethanol evaporated mainly during the compression process. Charge temperature in the cylinder for pure ethanol is ∼60°C lower than that for pure gasoline at the end of the compression process. Independently from injection system, the dual injection results in a higher evaporation rate compared to pre‐blended injection. Whether pre‐blended injection or dual injection is employed, the evaporation rate is improved for port injection (PI) compared to direct injection (DI). Besides, vapour concentration at the end of the compression process of PI increases with a shift from a single‐inlet manifold to double‐inlet manifolds. Mixture homogeneity is enhanced with increasing ambience temperature or/and an increasing engine speed with pre‐blended injection, while a strong stratified charge mixture is achieved with dual injection using double‐inlet manifolds or with DI of ethanol combined with PI of gasoline.
Optimal allocation of a VRB energy storage system for wind power applications considering the dynamic efficiency and life of VRB in active distribution networks
Authors: Lei Jiazhi , Gong Qingwu , Liu Jinhong , Qiao Hui , Wang Bo
Published: December 2018

This paper aims at specifying the optimal allocation of a vanadium redox flow battery (VRB) energy storage system (ESS) for maintaining power balance of active distribution networks for wind power applications. Correspondingly, an optimal allocation approach for the VRB ESS was proposed. Different with the previous researches, the dynamic efficiency and life of VRB are considered in the proposed mathematical framework. Also, this proposed mathematical framework made a comprehensive assessment of the total benefits including the consumption of wind power, the reduced load interruption, greenhouse gas emission, network loss, and the capital cost of VRB ESS. These economic indicators are used to evaluate the penetration of VRB ESS and the economy of ADNs can achieve to the optimal with the designed VRB ESS. Finally, the proposed optimal allocation approach was validated and tested by a modified IEEE 33‐bus system and IEEE 123 node system. Test results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed optimal allocation approach associated with the power flow operation characteristics of active distribution networks.
Comprehensive fault ride‐through scheme for doubly‐fed induction generators
Authors: Cheng Fan , Yao Liangzhong , Li Yan , Xie Lijun , Wei Chunxia
Published: December 2018

With the growth of wind energy penetration in electricity transmission grids, fault ride‐through (FRT) ability is required in order to maintain the uninterrupted operation of wind farm in voltage disturbance scenarios. For widespread used doubly‐fed induction generator FRT issues, an auxiliary hardware circuit is adopted in large‐grid‐voltage drop situations. Among all hardware protection devices, the rotor crowbar scheme can suppress rotor overcurrent immediately, while the stator series impedance scheme has the advantage of increasing voltage during voltage dips. A comprehensive FRT scheme based on series impedance and rotor crowbar is proposed. Also, the simulation results show that the proposed method can keep the continuous operation of wind farm during fault situation and recovery, also suppress the overcurrent during voltage recovery and improve the terminal voltage.
Multiple modular DC transformer for flexible HVDC application
Authors: Sun Qianhao , Zhao Biao , Song Qiang , Zeng Rong , Wang Yu
Published: December 2018

This study proposes a novel multiple modular dc transformer (MMDCT) scheme for flexible high‐voltage dc (HVDC) application. The MMDCT is composed of n consistent modular dual‐active‐bridge converters (MDABs), and every MDAB can work independently. The MDABs are series connected and also connects to the HVDC bus. The multiple distributed design decreases the manufacturing difficulty in high‐frequency transformer and its installation. Besides, modular discrete design decreases commissioning difficulty of system in practice and also increases reliability and fault‐treatment ability. Moreover, the MMDCT still has good soft‐switching performance and low operation current for switches. The MMDCT is a practical scheme for HVDC application, and it will be welcomed by engineers.
Controlled electrophoretic deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene sheets on Ag nanowires network
Authors: Byranvand Mahdi Malekshahi , Tajabadi Fariba , Mardi Saeed , Taghavinia Nima , Zarandi Ali Amiri , Dabirian Ali
Published: December 2018

Electrochemical exfoliation of graphite has recently attracted a big attention as a simple, fast and scalable method for the preparation of high quality graphene, but there are some drawbacks that hinder its application. Direct deposition is one of the most critical challenges that makes it difficult to deposit uniform, compact and large scale graphene thin films. This work develops a facile electrophoretic deposition route to fabricate exfoliated graphene (EG) film on Ag nanowires (NWs) networks with a controllable film thickness in nanometers scale. EG thin films are deposited with different applied potentials and times from an EG dispersion in N, N ‐dimethylformamide solvent. Since confirmed by light transmittance results, the increase in deposition time or applied potential lead to an increase in the number of deposited EG layers. The scanning electron microscopy results confirm the uniformity and compactness of EG films deposited on Ag NWs network. Furthermore, transparency and conductivity of Ag NWs films before and after the deposition of EG are investigated. It shows significant improvement in its performance, as a result, it leads to Ag NWs/EG hybrid films exhibiting a sheet resistance of Rs = 30 Ω sq−1, and 85% light transmittance, comparable to conventional transparent conductive oxide films.
Mussel‐inspired green synthesis of Ag‐coated polydopamine microspheres for selective antibacterial performance
Authors: Guo Aiying , Mu Qianzhu , Cai Aijun , Wang Xiuping
Published: December 2018

Inspired by mussels, the antimicrobial Ag‐coated polydopamine microspheres (Ag‐coated PDA MSs) composites are synthesised through one‐pot method. Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are easily generated using PDA MSs as green reducing agents, and are well‐dispersed on the surface of PDA MSs at the same time. The morphology and structure of the Ag‐coated PDA MSs are characterised by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The Ag‐coated PDA MSs exhibit selective antibacterial activity towards S. aureus. Due to the elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species level, the majority of S. aureus cells are killed, however, the growth of E. coli is not affected evidently in the same condition.
Approach to the preparation of temperature‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/polyethylenimine microgel
Authors: Wang Tao , Song Yanan , Hu Jiawei , Li Jiaxi , Shi Shan
Published: December 2018

A novel route was developed to the preparation of temperature‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/polyethylenimine (PNIPAM/PEI) microgels by the radical copolymerisation of N‐isopropylacrylamide with acryloylated PEI in aqueous media. Here, the acryloylated polyethylenimine (PEI), used as a macromonomer, was synthesised by a dehydration condensation reaction between PEI and acrylic acid. The as‐prepared microgels exhibited well‐defined core/shell structure with PNIPAM‐rich core surrounded by PEI‐rich shell. The microgels showed the volume phase transition temperature near physiological temperature, which can be easily regulated by the pH of microgel dispersion.
Green fabrication of SH‐modified GO composite for heavy metal ions removal in aqueous solution
Authors: Zhang Yakun , Luo Kuan , Yu Jingang , Jiang Xinyu
Published: December 2018

Humic acid (HA) sodium salt (SH)‐modified graphene oxide (GO) composite, which could snatch Pb (II), Cd (II) and Cu (II) effectively from aqueous solution, was fabricated by a green hydrothermal method. Here, the morphology and structure of as‐synthesised SH–GO composite was presented through scanning electron microscopy, Roman spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis. Owing to the introduction of cheap and readily available HA sodium salt, the adsorption capacity of SH–GO toward heavy metals was improved obviously, and the corresponding removal behaviours were further investigated in detail. Besides, the adsorption results were in good agreement with Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo‐second kinetic model, where the thermodynamic parameters revealed the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in essence. Adsorption–desorption result showing its stable adsorption capacity confirmed its great potential as adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.
Investigation of the stellar content in the IRAS 05168+3634 star-forming region
Authors: Azatyan N. M.
Published: December 2018

Aims. We report the investigation results of the structure and content of a molecular cloud surrounding the source IRAS 05168+3634 (also known as Mol 9).

Methods. We present a photometric analysis using the data of J, H, K UKIDSS, [3.6], [4.5] μm Spitzer-IRAC and 3.4, 4.6, 12, 22 μm WISE databases. A multi-color criteria was used to identify the candidates of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the molecular cloud; in addition to IRAS 05168+3634, there are four IRAS sources embedded in the same molecular cloud. Color–magnitude diagrams and the K luminosity function (KLF) were used to determine the basic parameters of stellar objects (spectral classes, masses, ages). To study the YSOs with longer wavelength photometry the radiative transfer models were used.

Results. Based on color–color and color–magnitude diagrams, we identified a rich population of embedded YSO candidates with infrared excess (Class 0/I and Class II) and their characteristics in a quite large molecular cloud located in a region of 24 arcmin radius. The molecular cloud includes 240 candidates of YSOs within the radii of subregions around five IRAS sources. The local distribution of identified YSOs in the molecular cloud frequently shows elongation and subclustering. The observed young subregions and parental molecular cloud morphologies are similar, especially when only the youngest Class I/0 sources are considered. The color–magnitude diagrams of the subregions suggest a very young stellar population. We construct the KLF of the subregions except for the IRAS 05162+3639 region and it shows unusually low values for α slope: 0.12–0.21. According to the values of the slopes of the KLFs, the age of the subregions can be estimated at 0.1–3 Myr. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are constructed for 45 Class I and 75 Class II evolutionary stage YSOs and the received parameters of these YSOs are well correlated with the results obtained by other methods. According to the results of SED fitting tool, the sources IRAS 05184+3635, IRAS 05177+3636, and IRAS 05162+3639 can be classified as Class I evolutionary stage objects. IRAS 05168+3634 and IRAS 05156+3643 can be classified as flat-spectrum objects.