bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food and nutritional care quality indicators in hospital
Authors: Diez-Garcia Rosa Wanda , JAPUR Camila Cremonezi , Medeiros Maria Angélica Tavares
Published: April 2013

Hospital malnutrition and increased prevalence of hospitalized patients with chronic diseases require hospital improvements in nutritional care quality. This study describes the construction of indicators to assess the quality of hospital food and nutritional care. We obtained a data bank containing information about 37 hospitals as well as their Hospital Food and Nutrition Service (HFNS) applying a questionnaire to the HFNS coordinators of each institution. We collected data about the activities of the clinical dietitians and administrative dietitian, meal production and management, and characteristics of the hospital diet. We grouped the obtained data into two corpora of actions, designated Nutritional Care Quality (NCQ) and Food Service Quality (FSQ). Each corpora comprised four indicators. The NCQ indicators included inpatient dietary coverage actions, evaluation and monitoring of nutritional status actions, actions on integration of nutritional assistance activities within the team, and actions supporting diet therapy. The FSQ indicators comprised mediation actions with users and other hospital sectors, autonomy and management control actions, meal production and qualification actions, and staff qualification actions. Systematizing the NCQ and FSQ indicators is important to support the Food and Nutritional Care Quality in Hospitals (FNCQH).
The morphology of hairs in species of Plantago L. Sections: Bauphula Decne and Arnoglossum Decne
Authors: Andrzejewska-Golec Emilia , Świętosławski Jacek
Published: April 2013

The hairs of one representative of the monotypic sectio Bauphula and of seven taxa of the section Arnoglossum were investigated. Unlike P. amplexicaulis (sectio Bauphula) the representatives of sectio Arnoglossum, were found to have headless hairs on the scape with cells overlapping in a characteristic manner. They had no hairs with a unicellular stalk and head divided vertically into two cells, commonly occurring in the representatives of different sections of the genus Plantago: Polyneuron, Lamprosantha, Coronopus, Oreades, Leucopsyllium, Hymenopsyllium and Psyllium. Rahn's decision (1978) to transfer the sections Bauphula and Arnoglossum to the subgenus Psyllium seems incorrect. The representatives of the investigated sections, unlike the taxa of the sectio Psyllium, have no hairs with multicellular stalks and unicellular heads, club-like hairs and iridoid-plantarenaloside, while they have morel-like hairs, hairs with overlapping cells and an iridoid-catalpol, lacking in the taxa of the subgenus Psyllium.
Possible role of growth regulators in adaptation to heat stress affecting partitioning of photosynthates in tomato plants
Authors: Starck Zofia , Cieśla Elżbieta
Published: April 2013

Tomato plants of two cultivars: Roma - sensitive and Robin - tolerant to heat stress were grown in greenhouse up to the flowering stage and then under controlled environmen­tal conditions. The partitioning of recently fixed 14CO2 by mature tomato leaves was examined as a posteffect of 24-h heat stress (38/25°C day/night) with the interaction of growth regulators (GR) sprayed on the flowers with solution of β-naphthoxyacetic (NOA) and gibberellic (GA3) acid (denoted as NG), or Zeatin + NOA + GA3 (denoted as ZNG). In both cuitivars GR strongly stimulated fruit growth and transport of 14C-photosynthates to the clusters at the expense of vegetative organs. Heat stress decreased export of 14C-phoiosynthates from the blades in plants not treated with GR, but even more in cv. Roma. In Roma plants not treated with GR (with very small fruitlets and fruits) the heat stress retarded 14C-transport just in the petioles, diminishing the 14C-supply to the fruits. Reduction of the current photosynthate supplied to the fruits seems to be causally connected with inhibition of the specific activity of acid invertase in that organ. Growth regulators reduced the negative effect of high temperature - they alleviated depression of 14C-export from the blades and increased invertase activity. 14C-photosynthate transport to the fruits, presumably owing to their higher sink strength, was less affected by heat stress. In Robin plants (which had bigger fruits during the experiment) high temperature depressed 14C-fruit supply only in the NG-series, in contrast to enhacement of 14C-Movement to that sink in the control and ZNG-series. In spite of these facts, after heat stress, the specific activity of acid invertase decreased in all the experimental series, but much less in the GR-treated series. Therefore, in the Robin cv. there was no relation between invertase activity and 14C-mobilization by fruits, as was observed in Roma plants. The possible explanation of the different response of the two cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to heat stress; with special reference to the role of GR; diminishing injury of the plants by high temperature is discussed.
The effects of ozone on the plant cell
Authors: Woźny Adam
Published: April 2013

The article presents current views on the effects of ozone on the ultrastructure of plant cells, changes in winter hardiness and on some of the resistance responses of cells to the toxicity of this gas and its derivatives.
Influence of the Shaping on Tribological Properties of PEEK‐Coated U‐Shaped Metal‐Profiles
Authors: Josch Lena E. , Götz Volker , Römer Christian , Konchakova Natalia , Emrich Stefan , Wagner Christine , Müller Ralf , Kopnarski Michael , Schlarb Alois K.
Published: April 2013

Composite bearings are normally produced with a layer of sintered bronze between the polymer coating and the metallic substrate, but omitting the extra bronze layer would reduce cost and manufacturing complexity. In this work, thermal impact welded metal‐polymer composite specimen without sintered bronze layer are shaped to U‐half shells to test them in a tribological test set up that is similar to the situation in a bearing. Wear rates and friction coefficient are measured for different pressure and velocity combinations. The effects of the shaping and their influence on wear behavior are examined by surface analysis, e.g., with SEM. Beside those shaping effects the heat balance is a very important influencing parameter on friction and wear behavior.
Trends in immediate breast reconstruction across insurance groups after enactment of breast cancer legislation
Authors: Yang Rachel L. , Newman Andrew S. , Lin Ines C. , Reinke Caroline E. , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Czerniecki Brian J. , Wu Liza C. , Kelz Rachel R.
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND

To improve access to breast reconstruction for mastectomy patients, the United States enacted the Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act in January of 1999. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of this legislation on patients with different insurance plans.

METHODS

Women aged ≥18 years who underwent mastectomy for cancer were identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (2000‐2009) and were classified according to their immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) status. Trends in rates of IBR were described for each insurance category. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age, race, estimated household income, and Elixhauser comorbidity index was performed to evaluate the relation between insurance status and IBR.

RESULTS

In total, 168,236 patients were identified who underwent a mastectomy during the study interval. Across the 10‐year study period, rates of IBR increased 4.2‐fold in Medicaid patients, 2.9‐fold in Medicare patients, 2.6‐fold in privately insured patients, and 2.1‐fold in self‐pay patients (P < .01). However, after adjustment for confounders, women without private insurance were less likely to undergo IBR compared with women who had private insurance (Medicaid: odds ratio [OR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32‐0.37; Medicare: OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.49‐0.58; self‐pay: OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.37‐0.50; other types of nonprivate insurance: OR, 0.64, 95% CI, 0.56‐0.73).

CONCLUSIONS

After the enactment of policy designed to improve access to IBR, Medicaid and Medicare patients experienced the greatest relative increase in rates of IBR. Although policy changes had the most impact on traditionally underserved populations, disparities still exist. Future studies should endeavor to understand why such disparities have persisted. Cancer 2013;119:2462‐2468. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Theoretical Study of the Inversion Motion of the Ammonia Cation with Subfemtosecond Resolution for High‐Harmonic Spectroscopy
Authors: Förster Johann , Saenz Alejandro
Published: April 2013

In a recent PACER (Probing Attosecond dynamics with Chirp‐Encoded Recollisions) experiment on ammonia that comprises a comparison of the high‐harmonic spectra of the isotopes NH3 and ND3, the nuclear dynamics of the created ammonia cation is traced with a time resolution of about 100 attoseconds. For modelling the experiment the autocorrelation functions between the neutral initial state and the ionic wave packet are extracted from experimental photoelectron spectra incorporating a correction for the geometry‐dependent strong‐field ionisation probability. Good agreement is found between model and experiment, but in addition an unexpected maximum in the autocorrelation ratio is predicted by the model, however occurring at 5 fs and thus outside the experimentally covered time interval. In this work the autocorrelation functions are calculated explicitly using a one‐dimensional model for describing the inversion motion of ammonia and its cation, adopting a position‐dependent mass for considering the coupling with the stretching mode of the hydrogen atoms in neutral ammonia. This results in a clear physical picture explaining the occurrence of the previously predicted maximum in the ratio of the autocorrelation functions. Furthermore, different initial states and two different ways of incorporating strong‐field corrections to the Franck–Condon approximation are briefly discussed.
A multi‐parameter imaging assay identifies different stages of ligand‐induced androgen receptor activation
Authors: van Royen Martin E. , van de Wijngaart Dennis J. , Cunha Sónia M. , Trapman Jan , Houtsmuller Adriaan B.
Published: April 2013

Androgens exert their key function in development and maintenance of the male phenotype via the androgen receptor (AR). Ligand‐activated ARs also play a role in prostate cancer. Despite initial success of treatment by testosterone depletion or blocking of androgen binding to the AR using antiandrogens, eventually all tumors escape to a therapy resistant stage. Development of novel therapies by other antagonistic ligands or compounds that target events subsequent to ligand binding is very important. Here, we validate a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) based imaging assay for ligand‐induced AR activity, based on the conformational change in the AR caused by interaction between the FQNLF motif in the N‐terminal domain and the cofactor binding groove in the ligand‐binding domain (N/C‐interaction). We test the assay using known agonistic and antagonistic ligands on wild type AR and specific AR mutants. Our data show a strong correlation between the ligand‐induced AR N/C‐interaction and transcriptional activity in wild type AR, but also in AR mutants with broadened ligand responsiveness. Moreover, we explore additional readouts of this assay that contribute to the understanding of the working mechanism of the ligands. Together, we present a sensitive assay that can be used to quantitatively assess the activity of agonistic and antagonistic AR ligands. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Neufassung von DIN 4108‐2 – Sommerlicher Wärmeschutz mit Konstruktionen aus Kalksandstein
Authors: Fux Volker , Schäfers Martin , Pekrul Olga
Published: April 2013

Die Neuausgabe von DIN 4108‐2 “Wärmeschutz und Energie‐Einsparung in Gebäuden – Teil 2: Mindestanforderungen an den Wärmeschutz“ berücksichtigt neue Klimadatensätze des Deutschen Wetterdienstes sowie eine Karte mit neuen Sommerklimaregionen, die aus diesen geänderten klimatischen Randbedingungen resultiert. Darüber hinaus ist das vereinfachte Nachweisverfahren zum sommerlichen Wärmeschutz überarbeitet worden. Die bisherige Anforderungsgröße Übertemperaturstunden wurde durch die neue Anforderungsgröße Übertemperaturgradstunden ersetzt. Ziel der Überarbeitung ist eine bessere Abbildung der Realität durch das Prognose‐Verfahren.

Anhand der Betrachtung zweier Beispielräume wird der Einfluss der Wärmespeicherkapazität der raumbegrenzenden Bauteile untersucht. Hierzu werden sowohl das vereinfachte Sonneneintragskennwert‐Verfahren als auch dynamisch‐thermische Simulationsrechnungen herangezogen.

Revised DIN 4108‐2 – Heat protection in summer with Calcium Silicate constructions. The revised Standard DIN 4108‐2 “Thermal protection and energy economy in buildings – Part 2: Minimum requirements to thermal insulation” considers new climate data from the German Weather Service as well as a map with modified summer climate regions which follow from the changed climatic conditions. Furthermore the simplified analysis method concerning summer overheating has been subject to a basic revision. The previous requirement indicator “Overheating‐hours” was replaced by the new indicator “Overheating‐degree‐hours”. Ambition of the revision of the standard is an enhanced prediction accurateness of the prognosis method.

On the basis of two exemplarily analyzed room situations, the influence of the heat storage capacity of the room surrounding constructions is examined. For this the simplified “sun‐transmittance‐characteristic‐value‐method” is used as well as dynamic‐thermal‐ simulation computations.
Reinforced Concrete‐Gap‐Element against earthquake – experimental and numerical study
Authors: Fehling Ekkehard , Aldoghaim Eyad
Published: April 2013

A large proportion of damage as well as loss of health and life in earthquake case occurs due to failures on masonry structures. Unreinforced masonry, as common in many countries, naturally has limited resistance to earthquakes because tensile stresses and forces cannot be absorbed as in reinforced concrete and steel structures. For this reason, attempts have been made using various methods to improve bearing capacities of masonry in the case of earthquake. One of these attempts is the use of a reinforced concrete beam with corner notches (Concrete‐Gap‐Element). In practice, the Gap‐Element can be easily connected with use of normal mortar on the concrete slab. The ease of manufacture and application of the Concrete‐Gap‐Element in masonry walls provide a cheap and simple method for improving the seismic capacity of a masonry building in practice.

In this article it will be shown how masonry walls with arranged notched reinforced concrete beams behave as a typical bearing wall in a masonry building. A special pseudo‐dynamic algorithm was developed in order to simulate the boundary conditions of the masonry wall in a building and during an earthquake closely to reality.

Bewehrte Stahlbeton‐Lagerbalken zur Verbesserung des Erdbebenwiderstandes von Mauerwerk – Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen. Mauerwerk ist in Mitteleuropa weit verbreitet und hat sich als Bauweise in vielerlei Hinsicht bewährt. Sprödes Versagen sollte jedoch besonders im Erdbebenfall vermieden werden, da dann zum einen der Erdbebenwiderstand wegen der geringen Zugtragfähigkeit begrenzt ist und zum anderen die Gefahr besteht, dass die vorhandenen Vertikallasten während bzw. nach einem Erdbeben nicht abgetragen werden können. Bei unbewehrtem Mauerwerk muss daher das Ziel sein, durch nachgiebiges Bauteilverhalten die auftretenden Horizontallasten zu reduzieren und zu begrenzen. Aus diesem Grund wurde bereits mit unterschiedlichen Methoden versucht, den Widerstand von Mauerwerk im Erdbebenfall zu verbessern. Einer dieser Versuche ist die Verwendung eines Stahlbeton‐Lagerbalkens mit Eckaussparungen. In der Praxis kann der Lagerbalken leicht unter Verwendung von Normalmörtel auf Beton‐Deckenplatten aufgesetzt werden. Die einfache Herstellung und Anwendung des Lagerbalkens bei Mauerwerkswänden bietet eine wirtschaftliche und einfache Methode zur Verbesserung der seismischen Kapazität von Mauerwerksgebäuden in der Praxis.

In diesem Artikel wird gezeigt, wie sich eine Mauerwerkswand mit Stahlbeton‐Lagerbalken als eine typische tragende Wand in einem Mauerwerks‐Gebäude verhält. Um das Verhalten von solchen Gebäuden mit Mauerwerkswänden und Lagerbalken im Erdbebenfall experimentell mit möglichst geringem Aufwand zu untersuchen, wurde die Pseudo‐Dynamische Versuchstechnik verwendet und dafür ein besonderer Algorithmus entwickelt, der eine realitätsnahe Simulation des Erdbebenfalls erlaubt.
Perspektiven für das “Rote Hamburg“ – zwischen Erhalt, Sanierung und Neubau
Authors: Gerbitz Jan
Published: April 2013

Backsteinfassaden prägen wesentlich Hamburgs Gesicht. Mit Backstein entstanden wertvolle ortstypische Stadtbilder, die für die Identität der Gesamtstadt wichtig sind. Fritz Schumacher und Gustav Oelsner mit ihren historischen Backsteinbauten sind wichtige Protagonisten einer modernen Stadtgestalt. Ihre Arbeiten stehen unverändert für eine weit über Hamburg hinaus bekannte Architektur. Mit den gestiegenen Anforderungen an die Energieeinsparung und den Klimaschutz wachsen die Befürchtungen vor einem radikalen Wandel des “Roten Hamburgs“. Bereits in den vergangenen Jahren sind ganze Straßenzüge mit Wärmedämmverbundsystemen modernisiert worden und haben so jeglichen Bezug zur Historie und ihren architektonischen Anspruch verloren. Auf verschiedenen Ebenen engagieren sich Behörden, Verbände und Einzelpersonen, um die besonderen Charakteristika der “Backsteinstadt Hamburg“ für die Zukunft zu erhalten.

Prospects for the “Red Hamburg“ between preservation, retrofitting and new build. Red brick buildings form the typical Hamburg town picture. Unique and valuable cityscapes were made with red bricks and are necessary for the identity of the whole city. Fritz Schumacher and Gustav Oelsner and their historic buildings are protagonists of a modern urban structure and are representatives of several others of well‐known architects. With the rising aims to reduce energy consumption and to fulfill the international CO2‐reduction targets, the fear of a radical change of the “Red Hamburg” is growing. Several streets of houses are already covered by thermal insulation without any reference to the historical roots and with little architectural ambitions. On different levels, authority, associations and individuals are getting involved to find a way to save the “Red Brick City Hamburg” for the future.
Rapid and slow responders to eating disorder treatment: A comparison on clinically relevant variables
Authors: McFarlane Traci L. , MacDonald Danielle E. , Royal Sarah , Olmsted Marion P.
Published: April 2013

Objective

Speed of response to eating disorder treatment is a reliable predictor of relapse, with rapid response predicting improved outcomes. This study investigated whether rapid, slow, and nonresponders could be differentiated on clinically relevant variables, and possibly identified prior to treatment.

Method

Female patients (N = 181) were classified as rapid, slow, or nonresponders based on the speed and magnitude with which they interrupted their bingeing and/or vomiting symptoms, and were compared on eating disorder behaviors and psychopathology and general psychopathology.

Results

The rapid response group was marginally older and had a slightly shorter course of treatment than the slow response group. The rapid response group also had significantly fewer pretreatment binge episodes, and a longer course of treatment than the nonresponse group. However, the three response groups were not significantly different on any other examined variables.

Discussion

The only pretreatment variable that differentiated response groups was symptom frequency, in that rapid responders had fewer binge episodes than nonresponders. No pre‐existing variables differentiated rapid and slow response. Given that few individual pre‐existing differences that might account for speed of response were identified, the clinical importance of facilitating a rapid response to treatment for all patients is discussed. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:563–566)
Population genetic patterns among social groups of the endangered Central American spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) in a human‐dominated landscape
Authors: Hagell Suzanne , Whipple Amy V. , Chambers Carol L.
Published: April 2013

Spider monkeys (Genus:Ateles) are a widespread Neotropical primate with a highly plastic socioecological strategy. However, the Central American species,Ateles geoffroyi, was recently re‐listed as endangered due to the accelerated loss of forest across the subcontinent. There is inconsistent evidence that spider monkey populations could persist when actively protected, but their long‐term viability in unprotected, human‐dominated landscapes is not known. We analyzed noninvasive genetic samples from 185 individuals in 14 putative social groups on the Rivas Isthmus in southwestern Nicaragua. We found evidence of weak but significant genetic structure in the mitochondrial control region and in eight nuclear microsatellite loci plus negative spatial autocorrelation in Fst and kinship. The overall pattern suggests strong localized mating and at least historical female‐biased dispersal, as is expected for this species. Heterozygosity was significantly lower than expected under random mating and lower than that found in other spider monkey populations, possibly reflecting a recent decline in genetic diversity and a threat from inbreeding. We conclude that despite a long history of human disturbance on this landscape, spider monkeys were until recently successful at maintaining gene flow. We consider the recent decline to be further indication of accelerated anthropogenic disturbance, but also of an opportunity to conserve native biodiversity. Spider monkeys are one of many wildlife species in Central America that is threatened by land cover change, and an apt example of how landscape‐scale conservation planning could be used to ensure long‐term persistence.
CCRL2, a fringe member of the atypical chemoattractant receptor family
Authors: Del Prete Annalisa , Bonecchi Raffaella , Vecchi Annunciata , Mantovani Alberto , Sozzani Silvano
Published: April 2013

The term atypical chemoattractant receptors is generally used to refer to a subset of G‐protein‐coupled receptors devoid of chemotactic activity and characterized by the ability to scavenge chemotactic factors from the inflammatory milieu. However, emerging evidence suggests that this class of receptors is heterogeneous in function. In this Viewpoint, we discuss the properties of CCRL2, a molecule devoid of ligand scavenging functions and suggested to regulate leukocyte recruitment by alternative mechanisms.
Cage Metal Complexes: Synthesis, X‐ray Structure, and Spectral and Redox Behavior of the First Hybrid Iron(II) Clathrochelatoscorpionate and Its Pyrazoloxime‐Armed Macrocyclic Intermediate3
Authors: Varzatskii Oleg A. , Kats (Menkach) Svitlana V. , Penkova Larysa V. , Volkov Sergey V. , Dolganov Alexander V. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Bubnov Yurii N. , Voloshin Yan Z.
Published: April 2013

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Yan Voloshin at Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The image shows the X‐ray structure of the first hybrid clathrochelatoscorpionate with an encapsulated iron(II) ion.
Toxic effects of triacylglycerol polymer on macrophages in vitro
Authors: Cao Wenming , Wang Xiang , Zhang Weiyun , Wang Xingguo
Published: April 2013

Edible vegetable oil usually produces high concentration triglyceride polymer (TGP) after highly oxidative deterioration, and the toxic effects of TGP in animals are still under debate, with no definitive evidence supporting the toxicity of TGP in animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of TGP on murine immunocytes. Cultured macrophages were treated with different concentrations of TGP, and then the quantity of live cells, phagocytic activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were determined. Additionally, apoptosis was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was also determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that the viability and phagocytic activity of macrophages were significantly inhibited by TGP, and elevated LDH release was observed in TGP‐treated macrophages. TGP also significantly increased the intracellular ROS level and thus resulted in apoptosis of macrophages. These results suggest that TGP has obvious toxicity against immune function.

Practical applications: Triacylglycerols in edible vegetable oil may form polar oxidized TGP by oxidization during the processes of storage, cooking and refining, especially high‐temperature frying. The present study has demonstrated that TGP may cause significant toxicity in macrophages and therefore it can be employed as a quality control index for consumer cooking oil.
Separation of glutathione and its novel analogues and determination of their dissociation constants by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Kazarjan Jana , Vaher Merike , Mahlapuu Riina , Hansen Mats , Soomets Ursel , Kaljurand Mihkel
Published: April 2013

A CE protocol was developed to separate reduced glutathione and its four novel analogues UPF1 (Tyr(Me)‐γ‐Glu‐Cys‐Gly), UPF17 (Tyr(Me)‐α‐Glu‐Cys‐Gly), UPF50 (β‐Ala‐His‐Tyr(Me)‐γ‐Glu‐Cys‐Gly), and UPF51 (β‐Ala‐His‐Tyr(Me)‐α‐Glu‐Cys‐Gly), and their homo‐ and heterodimers by varying the ionic strength and/or pH of different BGEs. For the determination of dissociation constants (pKa) of the above‐mentioned peptides the CE method was used. Effective electrophoretic mobilities of analytes were measured in the pH range 5.50–10.00 using optimized BGE with an ionic strength of 50 mM at 25°C. pKa values were calculated by fitting the experimental points to a suitable model with correlation coefficients higher than 0.99. The pKa values for imidazolyl, amino and thiol moieties of the analyzed peptides were in the range 5.94–6.29, 8.81–9.10, and 7.86–8.13, respectively.
On‐capillary fluorescent labeling and capillary electrophoresis laser‐induced fluorescence analysis of glycoforms of intact prostate‐specific antigen
Authors: Garrido‐Medina Raul , Diez‐Masa Jose Carlos , de Frutos Mercedes
Published: April 2013

The test used in clinics as prostate cancer (PCa) biomarker, based on the concentration of the glycoprotein prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) in serum, leads to an elevated number of false positives. In the search for new PCa biomarkers, analysis of the proportions of different groups of glycoforms of PSA is promising. Peaks of PSA, called isoforms and containing one or several glycoforms of the glycoprotein, can be separated by CE. For those samples in which PSA concentration is very low, a very sensitive detection technique, such as LIF, would be required. However, CE separation of fluorescently labeled isoforms of glycoproteins is challenging. In this work, three different methods of fluorescent derivatization of PSA were assayed with the aim of finding conditions allowing labeling of the glycoprotein compatible with CE resolution of its isoforms. NanoOrange, as a noncovalent label; 5‐(iodoacetamide) fluorescein and BODIPY® FL C1‐IA, as covalent tags of thiol groups; and Chromeo™ P503, as a covalent tag of amino groups, were tried. Only the derivatization with the P503 fluorogenic dye led to the resolution by CE‐LIF of several isoforms of labeled PSA. Adapting this derivatization method to be performed on‐column leads to a reduction in labeling time from 4 h to 45 s. Automation of the whole analysis permitted to carry out fluorescent labeling and CE separation of PSA isoforms in less than 12 min.
A workflow for large‐scale empirical identification of cell wall N‐linked glycoproteins of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Thannhauser Theodore W. , Shen Miaoqing , Sherwood Robert , Howe Kevin , Fish Tara , Yang Yong , Chen Wei , Zhang Sheng
Published: April 2013

Glycosylation is a common PTM of plant proteins that impacts a large number of important biological processes. Nevertheless, the impacts of differential site occupancy and the nature of specific glycoforms are obscure. Historically, characterization of glycoproteins has been difficult due to the distinct physicochemical properties of the peptidyl and glycan moieties, the variable and dynamic nature of the glycosylation process, their heterogeneous nature, and the low relative abundance of each glycoform. In this study, we explore a new pipeline developed for large‐scale empirical identification of N‐linked glycoproteins of tomato fruit as part of our ongoing efforts to characterize the tomato secretome. The workflow presented involves a combination of lectin affinity, tryptic digestion, ion‐pairing HILIC, and precursor ion‐driven data‐dependent MS/MS analysis with a script to facilitate the identification and characterization of occupied N‐linked glycosylation sites. A total of 212 glycoproteins were identified in this study, in which 26 glycopeptides from 24 glycoproteins were successfully characterized in just one HILIC fraction. Further precursor ion discovery‐based MS/MS and deglycosylation followed by high accuracy and resolution MS analysis were used to confirm the glycosylation sites and determine site occupancy rates. The workflow reported is robust and capable of producing large amounts of empirical data involving N‐linked glycosylation sites and their associated glycoforms.
Humic substances may control dissolved iron distributions in the global ocean: Implications from numerical simulations
Authors: Misumi Kazuhiro , Lindsay Keith , Moore J. Keith , Doney Scott C. , Tsumune Daisuke , Yoshida Yoshikatsu
Published: April 2013

This study used an ocean general circulation model to simulate the marine iron cycle in an investigation of how simulated distributions of weak iron‐binding ligands would be expected to control dissolved iron concentrations in the ocean, with a particular focus on deep ocean waters. The distribution of apparent oxygen utilization was used as a proxy for humic substances that have recently been hypothesized to account for the bulk of weak iron‐binding ligands in seawater. Compared to simulations using a conventional approach with homogeneous ligand distributions, the simulations that incorporated spatially variable ligand concentrations exhibited substantial improvement in the simulation of global dissolved iron distributions as revealed by comparisons with available field data. The improved skill of the simulations resulted largely because the spatially variable ligand distributions led to a more reasonable basin‐scale variation of the residence time of iron when present at high concentrations. The model results, in conjunction with evidence from recent field studies, suggest that humic substances play an important role in the iron cycle in the ocean.
Adsorption of organic molecules may explain growth of newly nucleated clusters and new particle formation
Authors: Wang Jian , Wexler Anthony S.
Published: April 2013

New particle formation consists of homogeneous nucleation of thermodynamically stable clusters followed by growth of these clusters to a detectable size. For new particle formation to take place, these clusters need to grow sufficiently fast to escape coagulation with preexisting particles. Previous studies indicated that condensation of low‐volatility organic vapor may play an important role in the initial growth of the clusters. However, due to the relatively high vapor pressure and partial molar volume of even highly oxidized organic compounds, the strong Kelvin effect may prevent typical ambient organics from condensing on these small clusters. Here we show that the adsorption of organic molecules onto the surface of clusters, not considered previously, may significantly reduce the saturation ratio required for the condensation of organics to occur and therefore may provide a physicochemical explanation for the enhanced initial growth by condensation of organics despite the strong Kelvin effect.
Recent warming at Summit, Greenland: Global context and implications
Authors: McGrath Daniel , Colgan William , Bayou Nicolas , Muto Atsuhiro , Steffen Konrad
Published: April 2013

Observations at Summit, Greenland suggest that the annual mean near‐surface air temperature increased at 0.09 ± 0.01°C/a over the 1982–2011 climatology period. This rate of warming, six times the global average, places Summit in the 99th percentile of all globally observed warming trends over this period. The rate of warming at Summit is increasing over time. During the instrumental period (1987–2011), warming has been greatest in the winter season, although the implications of summer warming are more acute. The annual maximum elevation of the equilibrium line and dry snow line has risen at 44 and 35 m/a over the past 15 and 18 years, respectively. Extrapolation of this observed trend now suggests, with 95% confidence intervals, that the dry snow facies of the Greenland Ice Sheet will inevitably transition to percolation facies. There is a 50% probability of this transition occurring by 2025.
Revisiting a role for a mammary tumor retrovirus in human breast cancer
Authors: Salmons Brian , Gunzburg Walter H.
Published: April 2013

There remains great controversy as to whether mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), the etiological agent of mammary cancer in mice, or a closely related human retrovirus, plays a role in the development of breast cancer in humans. On one hand, retroviruses such as human T‐cell lymphotropic virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are known causative agents of cancer (in the case of HIV, albeit, indirectly), but attempts to associate other retroviruses with human cancers have been difficult. A recent, high profile, example has been the postulated involvement of another mouse virus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus‐related virus, in human prostate cancer, which is now thought to be due to contamination. Here, we review some of the more recent evidence for and against the involvement of MMTV in human breast cancer and suggest future studies that may allow a definitive answer to this conundrum.
The Interaction of Maternal Personality Traits and Intimate Partner Violence as Influences on Maternal Representations
Authors: Lannert Brittany K. , Levendosky Alytia A. , Bogat G. Anne
Published: April 2013

Maternal representations of the infant and self‐as‐mother predict attachment security and may be differentially influenced by environmental stressors such as intimate partner violence (IPV), but no study has yet examined potential direct and interactive effects of maternal personality. Maternal representations (Working Model of the Child Interview; C.H. Zeanah, D. Benoit, L. Hirshberg, M.L. Barton, & C. Regan, 1994), maternal personality (Revised NEO Personality Inventory; P.T. Costa & R.R. McCrae, 1992), and experiences of domestic violence (Severity of Violence Against Women Scales; L. Marshall, 1992) were assessed in a community sample of 180 women during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum. Logistic regression analyses assessed main and interaction effects of personality traits and IPV exposure on maternal representations in pregnancy and stability and change over the first year of life. Maternal openness and agreeableness increased the odds of balanced prenatal representations while extraversion predicted change from nonbalanced to balanced representations when the child was age 1 year. The relationship with conscientiousness and openness was moderated by IPV exposure. The authors conclude that the interaction of IPV and maternal personality has significant implications for the earliest substrates of parenting. Future research may include maternal personality variables to further explicate their role as broad predictors of caregiving representations. Clarification of the role of neuroticism is needed. These findings may inform the development of family‐based interventions targeting caregiving and insecure attachment relationships.
Nitrous oxide decomposition in a real nitric acid plant gas stream with a RhOx/Ce0.9Pr0.1O2/alumina catalyst
Authors: Inger Marek , Wilk Marcin , Parres‐Esclapez Sonia , Illán‐Gómez Maria José , Salinas-Martínez de Lecea Concepción , Bueno‐López Agustín
Published: April 2013

Background

N2O is a powerful greenhouse gas emitted in nitric acid plants, and emission control technologies are required.

Results

A 0.25%Rh/50%Ce0.9Pr0.1O2/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst has been prepared and tested for N2O decomposition in a real nitric acid plant gas stream. The catalyst is active enough to achieve 100% N2O removal, maintaining a constant catalytic activity after 40 h operation without deactivating. Characterization of the fresh and used catalyst, using different techniques, revealed no changes during the N2O decomposition experiments: (i) XRD and Raman spectroscopy show the fluorite structure of the Ce–Pr mixed oxide before and after the catalytic tests, (ii) the crystal size of the Ce–Pr mixed oxide particles and the BET surface area of the catalyst is maintained, evidencing no sintering of ceria particles, (iii) H2‐TPR indicates that the reducibility of the catalyst is similar before and after the catalytic tests, revealing chemical stability, and (iv) TEM and XPS analysis indicated the high stability of the rhodium particle size and oxidation state.

Conclusion

An active and stable catalyst with formulation 0.25%Rh/50%Ce0.9Pr0.1O2/γ‐Al2O3 has been prepared and successfully tested for N2O decomposition in a real nitric acid plant gas stream. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Imaging of reactive oxygen species burst from mitochondria using laser scanning confocal microscopy
Authors: Xu Jingman , Hao Zhimei , Gou Xiangbo , Tian Wei , Jin Yulan , Cui Shuxia , Guo Jing , Sun Yujie , Wang Ya , Xu Zhelong
Published: April 2013

Objective: Although several methods have been used to detect the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, it is still difficult to determine where ROS generate from. This study aimed to demonstrate whether ROS generate from mitochondria during oxidative stress induced mitochondria damage in cardiac H9c2 cells by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Methods: Cardiac H9c2 cells were exposed to H2O2 (1200μM) to induce mitochondrial oxidant damage. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured by staining cells with tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE); ROS generation was measured by staining cells with dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). Results: A rapid/transient ROS burst from mitochondria was induced in cardiac cells treated with H2O2 compared with the control group, suggesting that mitochondria are the main source of ROS induced by oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. Meanwhile, the TMRE fluorescence intensity of mitochondria which had produced a great deal of ROS decreased significantly, indicating that the burst of ROS induces the loss of ΔΨm. In addition, the structure of mitochondria was damaged seriously after ROS burst. However, we also demonstrated that the TMRE fluorescence intensity might be affected by H2DCFDA. Conclusions: Mitochondria are the main source of ROS induced by oxidative stress in H9c2 cells and these findings provide a new method to observe whether ROS generate from mitochondria by LSCM. However, these observations also suggested that it is inaccurate to test the fluorescence intensities of cells stained with two or more different fluorescent dyes which should be paid more attention to. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:612–617, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An analytic drain current model for long‐channel undoped gate stack surrounding‐gate MOSFETs including interface fixed charges
Authors: Wang Danghui , Zhang Man , Han Ru , Lu Yuhao , He Lu
Published: April 2013

On the basis of the exact solution of Poisson's equation and Pao–Sah double integral for long‐channel bulk MOSFETs, a continuous and analytic drain current model for the undoped gate stack (GS) surrounding‐gate (SRG) metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) including positive or negative interface fixed charges near the drain junction is presented. Considering the effect of the interface fixed charges on the flat‐band voltage and the electron mobility, the model, which is expressed with the surface and body center potentials evaluated at the source and drain ends, describes the drain current from linear region to saturation region through a single continuous expression. It is found that the surface and body center potentials are increased/decreased in the case of positive/negative interface fixed charges, respectively, and the positive/negative interface fixed charges can decrease/increase the drain current. The model agrees well with the 3D numerical simulations and can be efficiently used to explore the effects of interface fixed charges on the drain current of the gate stack surrounding‐gate MOSFETs of the charge‐trapped memory device. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Social Media to Co‐Create New Business Strategies at Environmental Resources Management
Authors: Cheuk Bonnie , Li Honglei
Published: April 2013

Companies are increasingly integrating social media tools such as Twitter, blogs, Wiki pages, forums, and virtual communities into their intranet. The process of implementing such Enterprise 2.0 tools and encouraging employees to contribute to them is challenging. Environmental Resources Management (ERM) used an award‐winning social media tool, Minerva, to enable knowledge sharing and collaboration among its global employees. A report on three implementation stages over six months illustrates the activities that were undertaken to encourage a high level of employee participation, which enabled them to better serve their clients' needs in the post‐recession era. ERM's experiences show that the implementation of Enterprise 2.0 tools requires the support of top management in the creation of a “knowledging” and communicating process aimed at generating ideas and information from employees throughout the organization, regardless of their location. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification of β‐lactoglobulin with a high‐capacity anion exchanger: High‐throughput process development and scale‐up considerations
Authors: Ng Paul K , Snyder Mark A
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND

β‐Lactoglobulin is the most abundant protein in bovine whey. It is a valuable nutriceutical with multiple physiological functions. There are many ongoing efforts to improve approaches by which this whey protein can be conveniently and economically purified in significant quantities. High‐capacity resins for protein fractionation are currently available in the biotech industry. One such resin is evaluated in the present investigation.

RESULTS

This work describes a high‐capacity ion exchange chromatography method for one‐column fractionation of β‐lactoglobulin from whey. It was obtained with a >90% purity. The dynamic binding capacity was measured in packed columns. Comparable value predicted on the basis of Langmuir isotherm analysis from batch adsorption data in a high‐throughput 96‐well format is shown. Scale‐up considerations are discussed with respect to feed concentration and binding capacity.

CONCLUSIONS

The feasibility of preparing purified β‐lactoglobulin with a single high‐capacity anion exchanger step was demonstrated. A capacity of >200 mg mL−1 was obtained. A significant improvement in productivity can be realized by a simultaneous increase of binding capacity and feed concentration. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
MT‐CYB mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hagen Christian M. , Aidt Frederik H. , Havndrup Ole , Hedley Paula L. , Jespersgaard Cathrine , Jensen Morten , Kanters Jørgen K. , Moolman‐Smook Johanna C. , Møller Daniel V. , Bundgaard Henning , Christiansen Michael
Published: April 2013

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic of heart failure. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA, particularly in MT‐CYB coding for cytochrome B in complex III (CIII), have been associated with isolated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We hypothesized that MT‐CYB mutations might play an important causal or modifying role in HCM. The MT‐CYB gene was sequenced from DNA isolated from blood from 91 Danish HCM probands. Nonsynonymous variants were analyzed by bioinformatics, molecular modeling and simulation. Two germline‐inherited, putative disease‐causing, nonsynonymous variants: m.15024G>A; p.C93Y and m.15482T>C; p.S246P were identified. Modeling showed that the p.C93Y mutation leads to disruption of the tertiary structure of Cytb by helix displacement, interfering with protein–heme interaction. The p.S246P mutation induces a diproline structure, which alters local secondary structure and induces a kink in the protein backbone, interfering with macromolecular interactions. These molecular effects are compatible with a leaky phenotype, that is, limited but progressive mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, we find that rare, putative leaky mtDNA variants in MT‐CYB can be identified in a cohort of HCM patients. We propose that further patients with HCM should be examined for mutations in MT‐CYB in order to clarify the role of these variants.
Component importance for linear consecutive‐ k ‐Out‐of‐ n and m ‐Consecutive‐ k ‐Out‐of‐ n systems with exchangeable components
Authors: Eryilmaz Serkan
Published: April 2013

Measuring the relative importance of components in a mechanical system is useful for various purposes. In this article, we study Birnbaum and Barlow‐Proschan importance measures for two frequently studied system designs: linear consecutive k ‐out‐of‐ n and m ‐consecutive‐ k ‐out‐of‐ n systems. We obtain explicit expressions for the component importance measures for systems consisting of exchangeable components. We illustrate the results for a system whose components have a Lomax type lifetime distribution. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013
Prescribing potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) in Germany's elderly as indicated by the PRISCUS list. An analysis based on regional claims data
Authors: Schubert Ingrid , Küpper‐Nybelen Jutta , Ihle Peter , Thürmann Petra
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) in the elderly as indicated by Germany's recently published list (PRISCUS) and to assess factors independently associated with PIM prescribing, both overall and separately for therapeutic groups.

Methods

Claims data analysis (Health Insurance Sample AOK Hesse/KV Hesse, 18.75% random sample of insurants from AOK Hesse, Germany) is used in the study. The study population is composed of 73 665 insurants >64 years of age continuously insured in the last quarter of 2009 and either continuously insured or deceased in 2010. Prevalence estimates are standardized to the population of Germany (31 December 2010). The variables age, sex, polypharmacy, hospital stay and nursing care are assessed for their independent association with general PIM prescription and among 11 therapeutic subgroups using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

In 2010, 22.0% of the elderly received at least one PIM prescription (men: 18.3%, women: 24.8%). The highest PIM prevalence was observed for antidepressants (6.5%), antihypertensives (3.8%) and antiarrhythmic drugs (3.5%). Amitriptyline, tetrazepam, doxepin, acetyldigoxin, doxazosin and etoricoxib were the most frequently prescribed PIMs. Multivariate analyses indicate that women (OR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.34–1.44) and persons with extreme polypharmacy (≥10 vs. <5 drugs: OR 5.16; 95% CI: 4.87–5.47) were at higher risk for receiving a PRISCUS‐PIM. Risk analysis for therapeutic groups shows divergent associations.

Conclusion

PRISCUS‐PIMs are widely used. Educational programs should focus on drugs with high treatment prevalence and call professionals' attention to those elderly patients who are at special risk for inappropriate medication. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.