bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pro-Con Debate: Cardiac Troponin Measurement as Part of Routine Follow-up of Myocardial Damage Following Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Buse Giovanna Lurati , Matot Idit
Published: January 2022

Elevated troponin levels within 3 days of surgery, independent of the presence of symptoms, are strongly linked to increased risk of short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. However, the value of screening with troponin measurements is controversial. The Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines on perioperative cardiac risk assessment and management for patients who undergo noncardiac surgery recommends measuring daily troponin for 48 to 72 hours after surgery in high-risk patients. Nevertheless, others doubt this recommendation, in part because postoperative elevated levels of troponin describe very little in terms of disease or event-specific pathogenesis and etiology, and thus, tailoring an intervention remains a challenge. This Pro-Con debate offers evidence-based data to stimulate physician understanding of daily practice and its significance in this matter, and assist in determining whether to use (Pro) or not to use (Con) this surveillance.
Association Between Health Literacy and Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol Adherence and Postoperative Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Qin Pei-Pei , Jin Ju-Ying , Min Su , Wang Wen-Jian , Shen Yi-Wei
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

Low health literacy (HL) adversely affects medical adherence and health outcomes in patients with chronic diseases. However, the association between HL and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) adherence and postoperative outcomes has not been investigated in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.

METHODS:

The data of all patients from a single academic institution who underwent colorectal surgery on an ERAS pathway from January 2019 to July 2020 were prospectively collected. HL levels were assessed using the Brief Health Literacy Screen (BHLS), a proven tool that was used by surgeons after recruitment. According to the HL score, the participants were categorized into low HL (≤9 points) and high HL (10–15 points) groups. The primary outcome was ERAS adherence. Adherence was measured in 22 perioperative elements, and high adherence was defined as adherence to 17 to 22 elements. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, hospital length of stay (LOS), hospital charges, mortality, and readmissions.

RESULTS:

Of the 865 eligible patients, the high HL group consisted of 329 patients (38.0%), and the low HL group contained 536 patients (62.0%). After propensity score matching (1:1), 240 unique pairs of patients with similar characteristics were selected. Patients with high HL levels had a significantly higher rate of high adherence to ERAS standards than those with low HL levels (55% vs 25.8%; adjusted P < .001). In terms of adherence to each item, high HL levels were significantly associated with higher adherence to preoperative optimization (90.8% vs 71.7%; adjusted P < .001), postoperative gum chewing (59.2% vs 44.6%; adjusted P = .01), early feeding (59.2% vs 31.3%; adjusted P < .001), and early mobilization (56.7% vs 30.4%; adjusted P < .001). In the overall study population, adjusted logistic regression analyses also showed that high HL levels were associated with a significantly increased rate of high adherence when compared with low HL levels (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.50–5.09; P < .001). In addition, low HL levels were associated with a significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications (32.1% vs 20.8%; P < .01), longer hospital LOS (9 [interquartile range {IQR}, 7–11] vs 7 [IQR, 6–9] d; P < .001), and higher hospital charges (10,489 [IQR, 8995–11942] vs 8466 [IQR, 7733–9384] dollar; P < .001) among propensity-matched patients. However, there were no differences in the mortality and readmission rates between the HL groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Low HL levels were associated with lower adherence to ERAS elements among propensity-matched patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Central Venous-to-Arterial CO2 Difference–Assisted Goal-Directed Hemodynamic Management During Major Surgery—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: H N Lohith Kumar , Tripathy Swagata , Das Prasanta Kumar
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

Different goals have guided goal-directed therapy (GDT). Protocols aiming for central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide gap (DCO2) <6 mm Hg have improved organ function in septic shock. Evidence for use of DCO2 in the perioperative period is scarce. We aimed to determine if a GDT protocol using central venous saturation of oxygen (SCvo
2) and DCO2 reduced organ dysfunction and intensive care unit (ICU) stay in American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) I and II patients undergoing major surgeries compared to pragmatic goal-directed care.

METHODS:

One hundred patients were randomized. Arterial and venous blood-gas values were recorded every 2 hours perioperatively for all patients. Intervention group (GrI) with access to both values was managed per protocol based on DCO2 and SCvo
2. Dobutamine infusion 3 to 5 µg/kg/min started if DCO2 >6 mm Hg after correcting all macrocirculatory end points. Control group (GrC) had access only to arterial-gas values and managed per “conventional” goals without DCO2 or SCvo
2. Patients were followed for 48 hours after surgery. Organ dysfunction, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores—primary outcome, length of stay in ICU, and duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation and hospital stay were recorded. The patient, surgeons, ICU team, and analyzer were blinded to group allocation.

RESULTS:

The groups (44 each) did not significantly differ with respect to baseline characteristics. Perioperative fluids, blood products, and vasopressors used did not significantly differ. The GrI had less organ dysfunction although not significant (79% vs 66%; P = .2). Length of ICU stay in the GrI was significantly less (1.52; standard deviation [SD], 0.82 vs 2.18; SD, 1.08 days; P = .002). Mechanical ventilation duration (0.9 days in intervention versus 0.6 days in control; P = .06) and length of hospital stay did not significantly differ between the groups. Perioperative DCO2 (5.8 vs 8.4 mm Hg; P < .001) and SCvo
2 (73.5 vs 68.4 mm Hg; P < .001) were significantly better in the GrI.

CONCLUSIONS:

GDT guided by DCO2 did not improve organ function in our cohort. It resulted in greater use of dobutamine, improved tissue oxygen parameters, and decreased length of ICU stay. More evidence is needed for the routine use of DCO2 in sicker patients. In the absence of cardiac output monitors, it may be a readily available, less-expensive, and underutilized parameter for major surgical procedures.
An Interview with Topher Campbell
Authors: McGrady Conor
Published: January 2022

This Curated Spaces features an interview with Topher Campbell of rukus! archive. The rukus! archive was founded in 2005 by photographer Ajamu X and filmmaker and theatre director Topher Campbell. The archive is dedicated to collecting, preserving, and making available artistic, social, and cultural histories related to Black LGBTQ+ communities in the United Kingdom. Its intellectual origins reside in the work of Stuart Hall and British cultural studies, and the critical dialogue it establishes with both mainstream heritage practices and dominant Black and queer identity discourses.
“The Cost of That Revealing”
Authors: Boylan Alexis L.
Published: January 2022

Interview with Derek Conrad Murray, professor of history of art and visual culture at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Murray discusses his new book, Mapplethorpe and the Flower: Radical Sexuality and the Limits of Control (2020), selfies, and the present and future potentials and limitations of visual studies.
Carol Leigh, a.k.a. Scarlot Harlot
Authors: Leigh Carol
Published: January 2022

Carol Leigh (also known as Scarlot Harlot) is an artist, author, filmmaker, and sex workers’ rights activist. She famously coined the term sex work, a fundamental part of the lexicon regarding all workers’ rights, owed in large part to Leigh’s artistic and activist career. Working primarily through the medium of performance and video, her work attempts to educate and broaden audiences’ understanding of sex work and the fundamental rights sex workers deserve. Carol’s Curated Spaces feature takes the form of a visual essay comprising images from her archive, along with an introductory statement from Carol, giving an overview of her trajectory as an artist and activist.
Intraventricular Choroid Plexus Cavernoma Resection Using Tubular Retractor System and Exoscope Visualization: A Technical Case Report
Authors: Li Boyi , Kim Michael G. , Dominguez Jose , Feldstein Eric , Kleinman George , Hanft Simon
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:

Cavernous malformations (CMs) account for approximately 5% to 10% of all CNS vascular malformations, and intraventricular CMs (IVCMs) are a rare subtype, accounting for 2.5% to 10.8% of all intracranial CMs. IVCMs can expand rapidly, leading to compression of adjacent structures, intraventricular hemorrhage, and obstructive hydrocephalus. Diagnosis is challenging because it can mimic a variety of other lesions.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:

A 71-year-old man presented after a fall because of imbalance. MRI of the head showed a homogenously enhancing 2-cm mass in the posterior aspect of the right lateral ventricle, with blood layering in the right occipital horn and adjacent parietal edema and leptomeningeal enhancement, as well as a pituitary lesion.

DISCUSSION:

The patient underwent a right parietal craniotomy for resection of the mass. The ventricle was accessed through a transsulcal approach through the intraparietal sulcus using a tubular retractor system. The mass was arising from the choroid plexus and dissected free in a piecemeal fashion. Postoperative imaging confirmed gross total resection, and the patient had an uneventful recovery.

CONCLUSION:

Here, we present the first case of a choroid plexus IVCM removed using a tubular retractor system. We demonstrate that this is a safe and effective approach for this rare lesion given the minimal traction on brain parenchyma and enhanced visualization of a deep-seated cavernoma in the lateral ventricle.
Multilevel Stabilization Screws Prevent Proximal Junctional Failure and Kyphosis in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Kaufmann Ascher , Claus Chad , Tong Doris , Hanson Connor , Carr Daniel , Houseman Clifford , Soo Teck-Mun
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF) occurred in up to 40% of patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) who underwent open thoracolumbar fusion. Proximal stabilization techniques have been investigated to prevent PJK/PJF without conclusive results.

OBJECTIVE:

To demonstrate reductions in PJK/PJF with multilevel stabilization screws (MLSSs).

METHODS:

This observational longitudinal cohort study compares MLSSs with standard instrumentation. We reviewed the charts of consecutive patients with ASD undergoing open thoracolumbar fusion (>3 levels, extending cranially above T6 and caudally below L1) from 2009 to 2017 and were followed for >2 yr postoperatively. We defined PJF using the International Spine Study Group criteria and PJK as a Cobb angle increase >10°. We defined the upper instrumented vertebra as the most cephalad vertebral body with bilateral MLSSs. Confounders, MLSS-specific complications, and radiographic outcomes were collected. We evaluated comparability between groups using univariate analyses. We adjusted for covariates by using multivariable regressions modeling PJF and PJK separately with a P-value < .00625 considered significant after the Bonferroni correction. Sensitivity analysis accounted for those lost to follow-up.

RESULTS:

Seventy-six patients (50 MLSS vs 26 controls) were included. MLSS patients were significantly older (64.5 ± 8.9 vs 54.8 ± 19.9 yr, P = .024) and had significantly lower PJF incidence (10.0% vs 30.8%, P = .023) and less kyphosis (1.3° ± 5.3° vs 5.2° ± 6.3°, P = .014). Multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant independent association between MLSSs and decreased odds of PJF (odds ratio: 0.11, 0.02–0.53, P = .006). Perioperative complications did not significantly differ between cohorts.

CONCLUSION:

MLSSs are safe and efficacious in reducing PJF/PJK in patients with ASD undergoing open thoracolumbar fusion.
Galectin-3 promotes the adipogenic differentiation of PDGFRα+ cells and ectopic fat formation in regenerating muscle
Authors: Takada Naoki , Takasugi Masaki , Nonaka Yoshiki , Kamiya Tomonori , Takemura Kazuaki , Satoh Junko , Ito Shinji , Fujimoto Kosuke , Uematsu Satoshi , Yoshida Kayo , Morita Takashi , Nakamura Hiroaki , Uezumi Akiyoshi , Ohtani Naoko
Published: January 2022

Worldwide prevalence of obesity is associated with the increase of lifestyle-related diseases. The accumulation of intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) is considered a major problem whereby obesity leads to sarcopenia and metabolic disorders and thus is a promising target for treating these pathological conditions. However, whereas obesity-associated IMAT is suggested to originate from PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors, the processes underlying this adipogenesis remain largely unexplored. Here, we comprehensively investigated intra- and extracellular changes associated with these processes using single-cell RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry. Our single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identified a small PDGFRα+ cell population in obese mice directed strongly toward adipogenesis. Proteomic analysis showed that the appearance of this cell population is accompanied by an increase in galectin-3 in interstitial environments, which was found to activate adipogenic PPARγ signals in PDGFRα+ cells. Moreover, IMAT formation during muscle regeneration was significantly suppressed in galectin-3 knockout mice. Our findings, together with these multi-omics datasets, could unravel microenvironmental networks during muscle regeneration highlighting possible therapeutic targets against IMAT formation in obesity.
A unique miR775-GALT9 module regulates leaf senescence in Arabidopsis during post-submergence recovery by modulating ethylene and the abscisic acid pathway
Authors: Mishra Vishnu , Singh Archita , Gandhi Nidhi , Sarkar Das Shabari , Yadav Sandeep , Kumar Ashutosh , Sarkar Ananda K.
Published: January 2022

The submergence-induced hypoxic condition negatively affects the plant growth and development, and causes early onset of senescence. Hypoxia alters the expression of a number of microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the molecular function of submergence stress-induced miRNAs in physiological or developmental changes and recovery remains poorly understood. Here, we show that miR775 is an Arabidopsis thaliana-specific young and unique miRNA that possibly evolved non-canonically. miR775 post-transcriptionally regulates GALACTOSYLTRANSFERASE 9 (GALT9) and their expression is inversely affected at 24 h of complete submergence stress. The overexpression of miR775 (miR775-Oe) confers enhanced recovery from submergence stress and reduced accumulation of RBOHD and ROS, in contrast to wild-type and MIM775 Arabidopsis shoot. A similar recovery phenotype in the galt9 mutant indicates the role of the miR775-GALT9 module in post-submergence recovery. We predicted that Golgi-localized GALT9 is potentially involved in protein glycosylation. The altered expression of senescence-associated genes (SAG12, SAG29 and ORE1), ethylene signalling (EIN2 and EIN3) and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis (NCED3) pathway genes occurs in miR775-Oe, galt9 and MIM775 plants. Thus, our results indicate the role for the miR775-GALT9 module in post-submergence recovery through a crosstalk between the ethylene signalling and ABA biosynthesis pathways.
Dual role of Ovol2 on the germ cell lineage segregation during gastrulation in mouse embryogenesis
Authors: Naitou Yuki , Nagamatsu Go , Hamazaki Nobuhiko , Shirane Kenjiro , Hayashi Masafumi , Hayashi Makoto , Kobayashi Satoru , Hayashi Katsuhiko
Published: January 2022

In mammals, primordial germ cells (PGCs), the origin of the germ line, are specified from the epiblast at the posterior region where gastrulation simultaneously occurs, yet the functional relationship between PGC specification and gastrulation remains unclear. Here, we show that OVOL2, a transcription factor conserved across the animal kingdom, balances these major developmental processes by repressing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that drives gastrulation and the upregulation of genes associated with PGC specification. Ovol2a, a splice variant encoding a repressor domain, directly regulates EMT-related genes and, consequently, induces re-acquisition of potential pluripotency during PGC specification, whereas Ovol2b, another splice variant missing the repressor domain, directly upregulates genes associated with PGC specification. Taken together, these results elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying allocation of the germ line among epiblast cells differentiating into somatic cells through gastrulation.

This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview.
Προδραστικότητα σε συστήματα διαχείρισης εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας
Authors: Βλαχάκης Γεώργιος
Published: January 2022

Η προδραστική πληροφορική (proactive computing) αναφέρεται στην ικανότητα των υπολογιστικών συστημάτων να προλαμβάνουν λειτουργικές ανάγκες του περιβάλλοντος τους πριν αυτές εκδηλωθούν. Η ικανότητα προληπτικής λειτουργίας βασίζεται σε δυνατότητες που έχουν τα προδραστικά συστήματα να αντιλαμβάνονται και να κατανοούν γεγονότα που συμβαίνουν στο περιβάλλον λειτουργίας τους, προβαίνοντας στην κατάλληλη διαχείριση. Η προδραστική πληροφορική βρίσκει εφαρμογή σε έντονα δυναμικές περιοχές όπως αυτή της εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας.Το περιβάλλον της εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας χαρακτηρίζεται από δυναμικές αλλαγές. Οι αλλαγές αυτές οφείλονται σε ένα πλήθος παραμέτρων όπως εξωτερικούς είτε εσωτερικούς παράγοντες. Οι παράγοντες αυτοί δημιουργούν γεγονότα που επιδρούν στη λειτουργία της εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας και είτε δημιουργούν ευκαιρίες προς εκμετάλλευση είτε δημιουργούν αποκλίσεις από προκαθορισμένα επίπεδα λειτουργίας. Η διαχείριση γεγονότων που δημιουργούν αποκλίσεις από προκαθορισμένα επίπεδα λειτουργίας είναι ο χώρος όπου το Supply Chain Event Management εφαρμόζεται.Το SCEM είναι μια προσέγγιση διαχείρισης της εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας μέσω του εντοπισμού, ανάλυσης και επεξεργασίας γεγονότων με σκοπό τη βελτιστοποίηση του συνόλου της εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας. Ο συνδυασμός προδραστικής πληροφορικής και SCEM είναι ο ερευνητικός τομέας στο οποίο εντάσσεται αυτή η μελέτη. Η επαύξηση των δυνατοτήτων του SCEM με χρήση της προδραστικής πληροφορικής στοχεύει στη δημιουργία ενός προδραστικού πλαισίου όπου είτε τα ίδια τα γεγονότα είτε οι αρνητικές επιδράσεις αυτών θα προλαμβάνονται πριν επηρεάσουν την απόδοση της εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας.Στην παρούσα διπλωματική διατριβή εξετάζεται η προδραστικότητα στην εφοδιαστική αλυσίδα και διερευνώνται τρόποι ώστε να επιτευχθεί αυτή. Ειδικότερα εξετάζονται το περιβάλλον της εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας, οι συμμετέχοντες σε αυτή καθώς και τα γεγονότα (events) τα οποία επηρεάζουν αρνητικά την απόδοση της εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας και προτείνονται τρόποι ώστε να αποφευχθούν οι αρνητικές επιδράσεις των αποκλίσεων.Για την υλοποίηση της μελέτης έγινε βιβλιογραφική έρευνα στου τομείς του Proactive Computing, Event Driven Computing, SCEM, στο χώρος της ασαφής λογικής (Fuzzy Logic) στο χώρο του Situation Awareness και των Bayes Network.
Crowd density estimation using deep learning for Hajj pilgrimage video analytics
Authors: BHUIYAN MD ROMAN , Abdullah Dr Junaidi , Hashim Dr Noramiza , Farid Fahmid Al , Uddin Dr Jia , Abdullah Norra , Samsudin Dr Mohd Ali
Published: January 2022

Background: This paper focuses on advances in crowd control study with an emphasis on high-density crowds, particularly Hajj crowds. Video analysis and visual surveillance have been of increasing importance in order to enhance the safety and security of pilgrimages in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Hajj is considered to be a particularly distinctive event, with hundreds of thousands of people gathering in a small space, which does not allow a precise analysis of video footage using advanced video and computer vision algorithms. This research proposes an algorithm based on a Convolutional Neural Networks model specifically for Hajj applications. Additionally, the work introduces a system for counting and then estimating the crowd density.

Methods: The model adopts an architecture which detects each person in the crowd, spots head location with a bounding box and does the counting in our own novel dataset (HAJJ-Crowd).

Results: Our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art method, and attains a remarkable Mean Absolute Error result of 200 (average of 82.0 improvement) and Mean Square Error of 240 (average of 135.54 improvement).

Conclusions: In our new HAJJ-Crowd dataset for evaluation and testing, we have a density map and prediction results of some standard methods.
Green synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticles using bush tea (Athrixia phylicoides DC) natural extract: assessment of the synthesis process.
Authors: Kaningini Gabriel Amani , Azizi Shohreh , Nyoni Hlengilizwe , Mudau Fhatuwani Nixwel , Mohale Keletso Cecilia , Maaza Malik
Published: January 2022

Background: Nanoparticles are globally synthesized for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, catalytic, magnetic, optical, and electronic properties that have put them at the forefront of a wide variety of studies. Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) has received much consideration due to its technological and medicinal applications. In this study, we report on the synthesis process of ZnO nanoparticles using Athrixia phylicoides DC natural extract as a reducing agent.  

Methods: Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify the compounds responsible for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles have been characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).  

Results: LC-MS results showed that different flavonoids and polyphenols, as well as Coumarin, an aromatic compound, reacted with the precursor to form ZnO nanoparticles. XRD and UV-Vis analysis confirmed the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, with a spherical shape showed in SEM images. The quasi-spherical ZnO crystals had an average crystallite size of 24 nm. EDS and FTIR analysis confirmed that the powders were pure with no other phase or impurity.  

Conclusions: This study successfully demonstrated that the natural plant extract of A. phylicoides DC. can be used in the bio-reduction of zinc nitrate hexahydrate to prepare pure ZnO nanoparticles, thus, extending the use of this plant to an industrial level.
Using Gagne’s instructional design to teach communication skills in phlebotomy education through role-play
Authors: Owaidah Amani Y.
Published: January 2022

Background: Phlebotomy is a medical procedure that is performed frequently in the blood collection activities of medical institutions. The procedure involves close interaction with different types of patients—some of whom are cooperative and others, who, for many reasons, are not (for example, patients who have a fear of needles). Blood extraction is an essential skill in several medical specialties, such as in laboratory sciences. Lesson planning in phlebotomy education is mainly focused on procedural skills, and very little attention is given towards teaching communication skills despite the close patient interaction in phlebotomy. In this paper, I propose a lesson plan for teaching communication skills to medical laboratory sciences and nursing students based on Gagne’s instructional design.

Methods: The training session included two main parts: training session using Gange’s instructional design and at the end of the session, the participants were surveyed for the effectiveness of the training session.

Results: 17 participants were included in the study. Overall, the majority of the participants were highly satisfied with the effectiveness of the training session in teaching communication skills with all seven survey questions receiving a mean score of 4.58 on a Likert scale of 1-5.

Conclusion: We demonstrated the effectiveness of Gange’s instructional beyond theoretical lesson planning to teach communication skills through role-play in phlebotomy education.
Tangrams: a simple visual tool for communicating the complexities of professionalism
Authors: Neve Hilary , Hanks Sally
Published: January 2022

Professionalism is vital for high quality healthcare and fundamental to health profession education. It is however complex, hard to define and can be challenging to teach, learn about and assess.

We describe the development and use of an innovative visual tool, using a tangram analogy, to introduce and explore core professionalism concepts, which are often troublesome for both learners and educators. These include the hidden curriculum, capability, professional identity and the difference between unprofessionalism and high professional standards.  Understanding these concepts can help individuals to see professionalism differently, encourage faculty to design professionalism programmes which focus on professional excellence, support assessors to feel more confident in identifying and addressing underperformance and facilitate learners to appreciate the complexity and uncertainty inherent in professionalism and to become more alert to the hidden curriculum and its potential impact.

We have used the tangram model to educate for professionalism in multiple contexts with learners and educators. Participants regularly report that it leads to a deeper understanding and important new insights around professionalism and helps them identify ways of changing their practice.  We believe this approach has relevance across the health professions and suggest ways it could be further developed to explore wider professionalism issues such as reflective practice, resilience and teamworking.
LEAN MANUFACTURING vs COVID-19
Authors: Cekerevac Zoran , Dvorak Zdenek , Prigoda Lyudmila
Published: January 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, companies coped and still must deal with uncertainty greater than ever. Due to the unpredictability of consumer demand, the incredible growth in demand for certain products, dramatic fluctuations in supply chains, and general economic instability, the future still looks uncertain. It is up to the manufacturers to determine how things will be sorted out in the new normality, i.e., which changes will be long-lasting or even permanent. Lean production has emerged in recent decades as an excellent solution to increase the economy and quality of production and meet customer needs. In the market conditions affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, producers work in a significantly changed environment, and many wonder whether lean production remains as relevant and valuable as in the past. The paper discusses lean production from different aspects as the essence of the principles of the lean concept, events during the pandemic, and expectations in the post-Covid period. We used some examples to support the analysis of factors that negatively affect the course of lean production as well as some bright examples of companies that took advantage of lean production in the new conditions. The conclusions consider answer whether lean production will survive the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.
WALTER BLOCK vs JAKUB BOZYDAR WISNIEWSKI DEBATING ABORTION: A SUMMARY
Authors: Cesario Anthony
Published: January 2022

Without a doubt, one of the most controversial issues currently being debated is abortion. Several decades ago, philosopher and economist Walter Block offered a compromise of the seemingly uncompromisable problem based on libertarian principles, which he called evictionism. Evictionism is based on the theory of self-ownership and the implications that follow, which are the non-aggression principle and private property rights. It is a principled compromise between the traditional pro-life and pro-choice positions. According to evictionism, it would not be illegal for a pregnant woman to evict a fetus at any time for any reason because she is the one who owns her womb, but it would be illegal for her to kill the fetus unnecessarily once it’s viable. This means that before viability, an eviction that necessarily results in the death of the fetus would be legal. After viability, however, an eviction that unnecessarily results in the death of a fetus would be considered murder and consequently illegal. Unfortunately, though, very few people have heard of this compromise. What’s worse of those who have heard of it, even fewer have been convinced by it. Consequently, there have been several written debates between Block and his critics about their perceived problems with his proposed compromise. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed summary of one of the first main debates that Block has had on the topic.
HUMAN RIGHTS IN TIMES OF ARMED CONFLICTS
Authors: Salkiewicz-Munnerlyn Ewa
Published: January 2022

The present contribution deals with the issue of human rights in armed conflicts versus the concept of war. This distinction was made in Article 2, and the same in all four Geneva Convention of 1949. In this article, the distinction is made between the universal system of human rights and the International Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflicts (IHLAC). The difference of application between these two sets of law relies on the fact, that the universal agreements of human rights always apply, both in armed conflict and peace when the IHLAC applies only in times of armed conflicts. There is a difference between them in the regulation. Human rights regulate the relationship between the state and persons under its jurisdiction, regardless of their nationality and the IHLAC applies to states and individuals or armed groups distinguishing between a civilian or a veteran. About the compliance control, it is a different system too, for the IHLAC, it is the ICRC and criminal tribunals, and for human rights, there are different committees of tribunals like the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The exam of the jurisprudence of the ECtHR shows, that it does not make a distinction between a state of war and peace, which is called the humanization of the law of armed conflicts. Also, the very important question of the fragmentation of international law is examined, based on the jurisprudence of the ICJ.
AID FOR AFRICA AS ONE OF THE ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY POLISH NGOs: LEGAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: Stych Marek , Pawlica Beata , Kmak Malgorzata
Published: January 2022

This article tackles the issue of aid for African states. Africa is one of the poorest continents, with many people living on the verge of poverty and suffering from malnutrition or famine. Hence, the humanitarian aid provided to the people of this continent is of particular importance. In Poland, such aid activities undertake entities defined in the Polish legal system as non-governmental organizations (NGOs). NGOs also conduct many other kinds of activities. The Act on public benefit and volunteer work is an example of creating legal mechanisms for the functioning of civil society in the legal system to provide international aid to those it needs. Assisting other societies is important for modern civil society the same as political or economic cooperations are. The role of NGOs operating in health protection, education, or entrepreneurship areas is crucially important. The authors of this paper discuss the issue of the said aid provided by selected Polish NGOs. The article aims to determine the extent and scope of the assistance to African countries provided by the NGOs, based on the respondents' experiences, whether such assistance is necessary, and what form it should take.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - MANAGERS' AWARENESS, INFLUENCE ON FUNCTIONING SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN POLAND
Authors: Zuchowski Ireneusz , Kochanowicz Zdzislaw , Pilcicki Cezary
Published: January 2022

The negative impact of economic development led to the emergence of a new concept, which has been termed sustainable development. It has significantly influenced the way of thinking about relations occurring in the social, economic, and environmental areas. There are many definitions of this concept in literature. Effective implementation of the principles of this concept requires understanding and building environmental awareness. Implementation of the concept at the enterprise level requires managers to have a certain amount of knowledge and skills and at the same time the ability to perceive and look at the issue of sustainable development from the perspective of benefits. The paper presents the results of a study conducted in 2021 among 216 managers of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. The research aimed to assess the awareness of the idea of sustainability among the management staff of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland and its impact on their functioning. The results of the research were compared to the results of research conducted by the author in 2008. The research has shown a significant increase in the awareness of the idea of sustainable development. This applies both to the everyday behaviors of respondents and declared actions carried out in enterprises they manage. The main factor motivating the surveyed companies to undertake pro-environmental actions is the conviction that it is necessary to care for the environment and not to avoid paying fines and fees. The respondents see specific benefits from such activities.
The role of administrative courts in shaping the development directions of the sustainable development principle: remarks regarding case-law in environmental protection and spatial planning cases
Authors: Jaśkiewicz-Kamińska Sylwia
Published: January 2022

Motivation: This text presents the results of the process of juridization of the sustainable development principle in international, EU and national law, as well as the development of that principle with regard to the application of law practice.

Aim: At the same time, the text attempts to define the role of an administrative court as a body reinterpreting the sustainable development principle in environmental protection and spatial planning cases, bearing in mind both the ecological as well as social justice outlook

Results: As a result, the study presented focuses on determining the impact of the administrative courts’ established case-law on the application of the sustainable development principle by national public administration authorities.
The productivity of performing art organisations versus labor costs
Authors: Smolny Katarzyna , Gałecka Małgorzta
Published: January 2022

Motivation: The study of the problem of “cost disease” contributes to the possibility of creating a model for effective subsidy to cultural institutions operating in the field of performing arts from public funds. The study also forms a part of a broader reflection on the values of culture, the humanism of culture and the economy in general.

Aim: This article is to examine the connection between productivity and labor costs in public theatres in Poland. We investigate what the level of productivity depends on. We check whether it is based on costs or the so-called income gap or another factor. We verify whether costs in PAOs in Poland increase according to the theory of Baumol’s cost disease and whether labor costs are particularly significant in total costs.

Results: Labor costs should be taken into account when subsidizing performing art organizations, as productivity growth depends on having funds to cover labor costs and increasing employment.
Employee’s work on the grounds of Polish Copyright Law
Authors: Szymura Monika
Published: January 2022

Motivation: Employees’ works are crucial in practice. The validity and need for discussions on the rights of the employer to the employee’s work is justified by the increasing concern for the observance of copyright, and also for employee–employer relations. By entering into an employment relationship, both parties must be aware of their rights and obligations.

Aim: This article presents the issue of copyright status of an employee’s work regulated in the Article 12 and 13 of the Act on copyright and related rights. The considerations focus on the legal relationship between the employer and the employee-author, and the issue of acquiring author’s economic rights to the work created by the employee within the employment relationship. The article is based on the analysis of legal regulations and judicial decisions.

Results: Regulating rights to the work created by the employee is dependent on the will of the parties. It is only the absence of contractual terms in this respect that results in a reference to the statutory provisions, which define the rules of transferring copyright for the employee’s work to the employer. Article 12 of the Act on copyright and related rights specifies grounds for secondary acquisition of copyright by the employer. One should remember that this regulation concerns solely author’s economic rights because author’s moral rights, which due to their nature are non-transferable, remain with the author or employee.
Institutional conditions for the implementation of sustainable development on the example of self-governing agricultural bodies in Poland
Authors: Walkowiak Katarzyna
Published: January 2022

Motivation: The need for balance in the social, environmental and economic developments has been explored by numerous academic disciplines and fostered the implementation of subsequent political agendas both at the global and local levels. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations in 2015 is an example of an international initiative for sustainable development. All the goals of the Agenda were determined in view of global civilizational challenges, but in order for them to be implemented various stakeholders have to be involved, and projects on a national, regional, and local scale have to be carried out. Given the postulate of creating multilateral public and public-private partnerships for sustainable development and the principle of subsidiarity, it seems important to take into account the role of self-governing agricultural bodies in the system, implementing sustainable development goals. Agricultural self-governance is exercised in Poland through agricultural chambers established as public-law associations, forming part of the institutional system of public administration. The scope of tasks performed by these agricultural chambers covers matters of agriculture and rural development, including sustainable development.

Aim: In her study the author seeks to answer the questions of whether the self-governing agricultural bodies in Poland are the key entities in the implementation of the postulates of sustainable development, or whether the competences of these agricultural chambers allow them to fully use the social potential of farmers for the dissemination of the concept of sustainable development.

Results: The results of the survey demonstrate that the self-governing agricultural bodies play only a superficial role in the implementation of the sustainable development postulates. Although these agricultural chambers are formally established in the public law system, they do not have sufficient executive power, or material, human and financial resources to engage in effective action. The potential of the self-governing agricultural bodies to achieve the goals of sustainable development is not being fully used.
POLE ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI I DRAMAT WINY W MYŚLI KSIĘDZA JÓZEFA TISCHNERA I KARDYNAŁA STEFANA WYSZYŃSKIEGO. O DUSZPASTERSKIM ROZWINIĘCIU FILOZOFII ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI
Authors: Hołda Miłosz
Published: January 2022

Artykuł ukazuje zbieżność poglądów na temat odpowiedzialności, jakie znaleźć można w filozoficznych tekstach księdza Józefa Tischnera i mających charakter duszpasterskich tekstach kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego. Myśl Wyszyńskiego można widzieć jako duszpasterskie dookreślenie i rozwinięcie filozoficznych poglądów Tischnera na temat odpowiedzialności. W artykule przedstawiam Tischnerowskie myślenie o „polu odpowiedzialności” i pokazuję, w jaki sposób to samo zagadnienie pojawia się w wybranych wypowiedziach kardynała Wyszyńskiego. Następnie omawiam „dramatyczny” wątek Tischnerowskiej filozofii odpowiedzialności, którego elementem centralnym jest zagadnienie winy, i na wybranych tekstach kardynała Wyszyńskiego pokazuję, w jaki sposób wątek ten jest obecny także w jego myśli. Na koniec ukazuję wartość duszpasterskiego rozwinięcia filozoficznej analizy zagadnień związanych z odpowiedzialnością.
HANDEL I JEGO ROLA CYWILIZACYJNA W UJĘCIU JÓZEFA SUPIŃSKIEGO
Authors: Koprowski Piotr
Published: January 2022

Józef Supiński (1804–1893), polski naukowiec, ekonomista, filozof, socjolog, w obrębie stworzonej w drugiej połowie XIX wieku teorii społeczno-ekonomicznej, uwypuklił kwestie związane z handlem, postrzeganym w kontekście cywilizacyjnym. W artykule przybliżono ich istotę i specyfikę. Supiński podkreślał cywilizacyjną rolę handlu, jego korzystny wpływ na wzrost wielkości produkcji i kapitału społecznego. Handel, będąc w pełni ludzkim tworem, humanizuje relacje społeczne, ogranicza różne formy przemocy, umożliwia pokojowe współistnienie. Jest także spoiwem łączącym jednostki w strukturę społeczeństwa.
WPŁYW WZORU ŻYCIA I ŚMIERCI BŁ. KS. JÓZEFA JANKOWSKIEGO NA KSZTAŁTOWANIE SYSTEMU WARTOŚCI U DZIECI I MŁODZIEŻY W SZKOLE PODSTAWOWEJ IM. BŁ. KS. JÓZEFA JANKOWSKIEGO W CZYCZKOWACH
Authors: Pestka Anna Magdalena
Published: January 2022

Celem artykułu jest wskazanie bł. ks. Józefa Jankowskiego jako wzoru do naśladowania, szczególnie dla młodego pokolenia dzieci i młodzieży, na przykładzie społeczności Szkoły Podstawowej im. bł. ks. Józefa Jankowskiego w Czyczkowach. Ks. Józef wywodzi się z tej wsi, tam się urodził, wychował, chodził do miejscowej szkoły i żył pośród tych ludzi. Tam budziło się jego powołanie do kapłaństwa, które zrealizował. Czas jego kapłaństwa przypadł na lata przedwojenne – 1936 r. – i wojenne – do 1941 r. Pomimo zawieruchy wojennej, aresztowania, tortur w więzieniu Pawiak w Warszawie, aż po męczeńską śmierć w obozie koncentracyjnym w Oświęcimiu nigdy nie wyparł się wiary w Boga i miłości do drugiego człowieka. Dlatego jest wzorem do naśladowania w każdym czasie. Artykuł wskazuje, że wzór ks. Józefa jest wykorzystywany w społeczności Czyczków, którego szkoła obrała sobie na patrona. Autorka artykułu dotarła do dowodów materialnych i niematerialnych, które świadczą o tym, że jego kult jest wciąż żywy, a uczniowie są wychowywani w oparciu o wartości, które prezentował ks. Józef. Świadczą o tym dokumenty szkolne, artykuły lokalnej prasy, wydarzenia, które są organizowane w szkole, a które są związane z osobą bł. ks. Józefa.
STEFAN WYSZYŃSKI I JÓZEF TISCHNER – UKRYTY DIALOG O NAJWAŻNIEJSZYCH POLSKICH SPRAWACH
Authors: Wieczorek Krzysztof
Published: January 2022

Stefan Wyszyński i Józef Tischner to dwaj wybitni przedstawiciele polskiej myśli katolickiej dwudziestego wieku. Działali na różnych polach. Wyszyński jako Prymas Polski niósł ciężar odpowiedzialności za losy całego polskiego Kościoła w wyjątkowo trudnych dla niego czasach programowej ateizacji i dominacji antykościelnej propagandy, dlatego rozwijał w sobie cnoty męża stanu i myślał w kategoriach ogólnonarodowej strategii ewangelizacyjnej. Tischner działał przede wszystkim w dwóch obszarach: jako filozof i jako duszpasterz, a jego kompetencje i zainteresowania dotyczyły filozofii, która „rodzi się z bólu”, chce ten ból wyrażać i próbuje mu zaradzać. Swój głęboki i oryginalny zmysł filozoficzny wykorzystywał w codziennej pracy duszpasterskiej, co przynosiło imponujące efekty. Pomimo owej różnicy zakresu i stylu działania, obaj wywarli ogromny wpływ na duchowy i intelektualny kształt polskiego katolicyzmu. Choć nigdy nie spotkali się osobiście i nie mieli okazji współpracować ze sobą, można stwierdzić, że ich praca wychowawcza i intelektualna wytworzyła swego rodzaju „ukryty dialog” w polskiej przestrzeni publicznej. Najważniejsze płaszczyzny i owoce owego dialogu przedstawia niniejszy artykuł.
Relatos y poemas para tiempos inciertos
Authors: Arias Sánchez Samuel , Cedillo Medina Mª Ángeles , Garrido Muñoz de Arenilla Rocío , López Cepero Javier , Saavedra Macías Francisco Javier , Taño Pérez Matilde
Published: January 2022

La obra que se presenta es producto de la celebración de los concursos "II Concurso Narrativa y Psicología" y "I Concurso de Poesía Psyche en versos" promovidos por la Facultad de Psicología y promoción de la Salud. Los concursos se celebraron durante el periodo de confinamiento entre marzo y mayo del 2020 y estuvo abierto para todo el alumnado de la Universidad de Sevilla. El libro se compone de 1 O poemas y 1 O relatos ganadores. Estos son precedidos por un breve prólogo sobre el papel de las artes en nuestra salud. La temática de las obras ganadoras es muy diversa: enfermedad y salud, amor, relaciones, etc.
La lengua de Madrid a lo largo del tiempo
Authors: Sánchez-Prieto Borja Pedro , Torrens Álvarez María Jesús , Vázquez Balonga Delfina
Published: January 2022

A diferencia de los rasgos lingüísticos propios de otras regiones españolas, que han sido objeto de atención preferente dentro de la Filología española, son pocos los trabajos centrados en la situación histórica del habla de Madrid. No obstante, no es posible entender cómo es el español de hoy, su variedad registral, social y geográfica sin su estudio. Los trabajos que se recogen en este volumen pretenden no solo dar cuenta de las posibilidades que para la investigación de la historia del habla de Madrid tienen los archivos madrileños, sino presentar una descripción amplia y detallada, que parte en ocasiones de fuentes inéditas. Para ello, se han seleccionado tipos textuales distintos, que abarcan desde la Edad Media hasta el siglo XIX: procesos judiciales, inventarios de bienes, cartas, escritos de personas de nivel sociocultural bajo, registros de grado medio de instituciones como la Hermandad del Refugio, nombramientos, deslindes, acuerdos económicos, etc. De este modo, se ha procurado obtener la mayor variedad discursiva y sintáctica posible y, sobre todo, el reflejo de la lengua de uso, siempre dentro de los condicionamientos de su plasmación escrita.
Approaches and methods to assess sedentary behavior in Brazil: a systematic review
Authors: Barboza Luciana Leite Silva , Silva Ellen Caroline Mendes da , Thuany Mabliny , Araujo Raphael Henrique de Oliveira , Werneck André de Oliveira , Oliveira David Nunes , Gandarela Larissa , Silva Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da
Published: January 2022

Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar os estudos brasileiros que avaliaram o comportamento sedentário, descrevendo as principais características dos estudos e identificando os instrumentos utilizados. Utilizando a metodologia PRISMA, a busca ocorreu em 25 de agosto de 2019 e foi atualizada em 17 de outubro de 2020 nas seguintes bases de dados: PUBMED, LILACS e SCIELO. Estudos em inglês, espanhol e português foram incluídos. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos realizados com uma amostra de brasileiros e que utilizassem um instrumento para avaliar o comportamento sedentário. No total, foram selecionados 229 artigos. A maioria dos estudos avaliou crianças e adolescentes. Apenas 33 estudos usaram medidas derivadas de dispositivos e houve uma grande variabilidade nos questionários usados. Apenas 83/198 estudos apresentaram critérios de qualidade para o instrumento utilizado. A maioria dos estudos considerou o tempo de tela em uma semana típica mais o fim de semana para caracterizar o comportamento sedentário. Portanto, o comportamento sedentário no Brasil tem sido avaliado em grande parte por diferentes questionários, e poucos foram devidamente validados. Esses achados enfatizam a importância da padronização e do rigor metodológico para avaliação do comportamento sedentário no contexto brasileiro.