bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Existence of The Indonesia Peatland Restoration Agency in Perspective of Organization and Authority
Authors: Susanto Sri Nurhari , Susila Wibawa Kadek Cahya
Published: September 2020

The Indonesia Peatland Restoration Agency (BRGI) is established with the legal basis of Presidential Regulation Number 1 Year 2016. BRGI is founded by coordinating and facilitating peatland restoration in several regions in Indonesia. BRGI is a non-structural institution which is under responsible to the President. BRGI is a state's auxiliary organ (agency or supporting / supporting body). In authority, BRGI can expand its tasks and functions given by the Presidential Regulation or outside the Article 2 and 3 of Presidential Regulation No. 1 2016. Article 30 section (1) clearly states that BRG conducts the duties for 5 (five) years and ends on December 31st, 2020. This is further strengthened by the provision of Article 31 which states that the Presidential Regulation is valid for five years from the enactment. The President with his prerogative has the authority whether to continue the existence of the BRGI or not, even though the Presidential Regulation clearly states the expiration of the institution. Keyword:    The Indonesia Peatland Restoration Agency (BRGI), authority, prerogative. Abstrak Badan Restorasi Lahan Gambut Indonesia (BRGI) didirikan dengan dasar hukum Peraturan Presiden Nomor 1 Tahun 2016. BRGI didirikan dengan mengoordinasi dan memfasilitasi restorasi lahan gambut di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. BRGI adalah lembaga non-struktural yang bertanggung jawab kepada Presiden. BRGI adalah organ bantu negara (lembaga atau badan pendukung / pendukung). Dalam wewenangnya, BRGI dapat memperluas tugas dan fungsinya yang diberikan oleh Peraturan Presiden atau di luar Pasal 2 dan 3 Peraturan Presiden No. 1 2016. Pasal 30 ayat (1) dengan jelas menyatakan bahwa BRG melaksanakan tugas selama 5 (lima) tahun dan berakhir pada tanggal 31 Desember 2020. Hal ini semakin diperkuat dengan ketentuan Pasal 31 yang menyatakan bahwa Peraturan Presiden ini berlaku selama lima tahun sejak berlakunya. Presiden dengan hak prerogatifnya memiliki wewenang apakah akan melanjutkan keberadaan BRGI atau tidak, meskipun Peraturan Presiden dengan jelas menyatakan berakhirnya lembaga. Kata kunci: Badan Restorasi Lahan Gambut Indonesia (BRGI), otoritas, hak prerogatif.
Government Strategy in Implementing the Good Governance during COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Azhar Muhamad
Published: September 2020

Countries in the world are currently facing shocks and challenges that are not easily faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, including Indonesia. Under these conditions, the performance of the governance system in dealing with a pandemic is tested transparently in public. The implementation of good governance by the government itself is carried out by steps and decisions that will be taken and implemented by the government to the community in order to suppress the positive number of COVID-19. The application of good governance also needs support other crucial elements, one of which is public communication.  Keywords: Government Strategy, Good Governance, COVID-19, Pandemic, Abstrak Negara-negara di dunia saat ini sedang menghadapi guncangan dan tantangan yang tidak mudah dihadapi dengan pandemi COVID-19, tidak terkecuali Indonesia. Di bawah kondisi ini, kinerja sistem pemerintahan dalam menghadapi pandemi diuji secara transparan di depan umum. Implementasi dari good governance oleh pemerintah sendiri dilakukan dengan Langkah-langkah dan keputusan yang akan diambil dan diterapkan oleh pemerintah kepada masyarakat demi menekan angka positif COVID-19. Penerapan dari good governance pun perlu dukungan dari elemen krusial lain, salah satunya yaitu komunikasi public. Hal ini bertujuan agar pendekatan yang dilakukan ke publik untuk menaati segala kebijakan menuai hasil yang maksimal dalam keberhasilan menumpas pandemik ini Kata Kunci: COVID-19, tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik, komunikasi
KOMPUTASI GUI-R UNTUK PEMODELAN REGRESI NONPARAMETRIK BIRESPON POLINOMIAL LOKAL PADA PENGARUH SUKU BUNGA BI TERHADAP INDEKS HARGA SAHAM GABUNGAN DAN KURS USD
Authors: Purnomo Rudi Saputro Setyo , Suparti Suparti , Sudarno Sudarno
Published: September 2020

Economy is one of important indicator of development country. Capital market is one of important tool in economy. The development of the capital market in Indonesian can be seen based on the composite stock price index (CSPI). Other than capital market, international trade is an important tool in the economy. Existence of the international trade generates exchange rate, one of which is USD exchange rate. Exchange rate can be increased and weakened, so it’s stability needs to be maintained. One of the factor that can influence CSPI and USD exchange rate is the BI interest rate. To be able to predict the value of CSPI and USD exchange rate then do the birespon regression modelling because between CSPI and USD exchange rate there are relationship. The regression model approach  which used in this research is local polynomial. This approach has high adaptability with data. To make the modelling easier so this research arrange Graphycal User Interface (GUI) by using R software. The local polynomial birespon regression is applied to CSPI and USD exchange rate data based on BI interest rate by using GUI. The optimal modal is obtained by General Cross Validation (GCV) optimation. The optimal model is model by combination of sequences two and three, bandwidths 6 and 2,7, and local points 5,75 and 6. The value of R Square is 66,68% and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) is 4,0798%. This MAPE shows that the optimal model has very high accuration in prediction the data because this value of MAPE less than 10%.Keywords: CSPI, USD exchange rate, BI interest rate, birespon, local polynomial, GUI.
PREDIKSI JUMLAH KEBERANGKATAN PENUMPANG PESAWAT TERBANG MENGGUNAKAN MODEL VARIASI KALENDER DAN DETEKSI OUTLIER (Studi Kasus di Bandara Soekarno-Hatta)
Authors: Waldira Alvi , Hoyyi Abdul , Ispriyanti Dwi
Published: September 2020

Transportation has a strategic role, even becoming one of the main needs of the community, especially air transportation services. A large number of passengers in air transportation always experiences a difference every month. One of the differences occurred when approaching Eid al-Fitr, which changes every year based on an Islamic calendar that is different from Masehi calendar. The lunar shift in the occurrence of Eid al-Fitr forms a pattern called calendar variation. The effects of calendar variations can be overcome by using an additional variable, such as a dummy variable, this variable which will be used in the ARIMAX model. Observation of time series is often influenced by several unexpected events such as outliers. This outlier causes the results of data analysis to be less valid. So the researchers added the detection of outliers in this study. Based on the analysis results, the ARIMA calendar variation model is obtained (1.0, [12]), with time variable t, dummy variable , and the addition of one outlier. This model has a MAPE value of 0.07079609 which means this model is very good for forecasting. Forecasting results showed an increase in the number of passengers during the two months before Eid. Keywords: Passenger, calendar variation, outlier detection
PERBANDINGAN METODE K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR DAN ADAPTIVE BOOSTING PADA KASUS KLASIFIKASI MULTI KELAS
Authors: Prianti Ade Irma , Santoso Rukun , Hakim Arief Rachman
Published: September 2020

The company's financial health provides an indication of company’s performance that is useful for knowing the company's position in industrial area. The company's performance needs to be predicted to knowing the company's progress. K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) are classification methods that can be used to predict company's performance. KNN classifies data based on the proximity of the data distance while AdaBoost works with the concept of giving more weight to observations that include weak learners. The purpose of this study is to compare the KNN and AdaBoost methods to find out better methods for predicting company’s performance in Indonesia. The dependent variable used in this study is the company's performance which is classified into four classes, namely unhealthy, less healthy, healthy, and very healthy. The independent variables used consist of seven financial ratios namely ROA, ROE, WCTA, TATO, DER, LDAR, and ROI. The data used are financial ratio data from 575 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019. The results of this study indicate that the prediction of company’s performance in Indonesia should use the AdaBoost method because it has a classification accuracy of 0,84522 which is greater than the KNN method’s accuracy of 0,82087. Keywords: company’s performance, classification, KNN and AdaBoost, classification accuracy.
Pengelolaan wisata kampung blekok sebagai upaya peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat berbasis community based tourism kabupaten situbondo
Authors: Febrian Ayu Wanda , Suresti Yunita
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Wisata Kampung Blekok bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan berbasis community based tourism (CBT) di wisata Kampung Blekok, cara yang dilakukan untuk peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat dan dampak ekonomi serta menganggulangi dampak negatif sesuai dengan CBT. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis data model Miles and Huberman.Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data menggunakan metode triangulasi yaitu sumber dan teknik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan CBT terdapat dalam beberapa aspek yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengelolaan, pengawasan dan evaluasi namun pelaksanaannya belum optimal. Adapun penambahan penerapan dengan konsep CBT yaitu manajemen Pokdarwis, Pengembangan sumber daya manusia, ramah tamah penduduk lokal dan pembentukan komunitas pengrajin. Cara untuk peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat sesuai konsep CBT yaitu event yang melibatkan masyarakat, mempertahankan program bank sampah, dan kerja sama dengan pihak ketiga. Dampak positif di objek wisata kampung blekok yaitu, terbukanya lapangan pekerjaan, peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat, pemanfaatan fasilitas pariwisata oleh masyarakat lokal, membantu menanggung beban pembangunan dan multiplier effect. Dampak negatif yaitu waktu pengembalian modal investasi tidak pasti dan adanya keinginan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan secara individual. Penanggulangan dampak negatif dilakukan dengan evaluasi dan meminimalisir melalui problem solving.
Studying the Attitudes-Behavior Gap in Ethical Consumerism: A review of Research
Authors: Untarini Nindria
Published: September 2020

The attitude of consumers who are pro-environment does not always lead to buying behavior on environmentally friendly products. Although consumers are regularly exposed to environmentally friendly product messages, this does not always have an impact on actual changes in behavior. To encourage understanding of consumer behavior of environmentally friendly products going forward, this paper aims to identify deeper the causes of attitude gaps - behavior and solutions to overcome them to obtain knowledge about integrated and holistic conceptual models related to consumer behavior gaps in the consumption of environmentally friendly products. This paper discusses the significant limitations in the consumption of environmentally friendly products and raises an understanding of consumer behavior of environmentally friendly products in the future. Furthermore, the operationalization of this model offers knowledge and strategic direction for marketing managers who seek to bridge the gap in consumer attitudes.
Eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia: Mengamankan Aset Kreditur atau Melindungi Harta Debitur
Authors: Manik Junjung Sahala Tua , Astuti Retno Sunu , Dwimawanti Ida Hayu
Published: September 2020

The published of the Fiduciary Law (UUJF) No 42 of 1999 to provide legal security for credit financing vehicles. One of the legal security is who the executor when credit was bad debt. In fiduciary law, the authority to execution is on the creditor. The goal of the execution must be peaceful, without conflict. Implementation Grindle's theory on this research found that many executions caused a commotion and conflicts, disturb the debtor and others. This condition shows that fiduciary law has not succeeded in protecting the interested parties, debtors, and creditors. A good policy gives benefits to the target group. Conflicts show a failure of the implementation of fiduciary law. This research found content and context policy to obstruct implementation. Execution by creditors always prejudice debtors, therefore execution by creditors is banned, parallel with the judgment of the Constitutional Court.
The Effect of Industry 4.0 on the Development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Banana Chips in Bandar Lampung
Authors: Fitra Helmia Adita , Sinatra Fran
Published: September 2020

Industry 4.0 fosters the local economy to be globalized because of technological innovation and the use of the internet. In Indonesia, MSMEs play a vital role in determining national economic performance. In the era of industry 4.0, MSMEs in Indonesia must adopt the technological changes affected by Industry 4.0; otherwise, their business loses competitiveness in the future. To win the competitiveness in the era of industry 4.0, Banana chips MSMEs should formulate the strategies which address the technological improvement and innovation on the component of MSMEs development. This study aims to examine the effect of industry 4.0 on the aspects of MSMEs development, pervades production and infrastructure,  networking and financing support, sales and marketing, and human resources. This study used a quantitative approach and conducted a regression analysis to discover which aspect is affected by Industry 4.0. The results of the study revealed that only two components of Banana Chips MSMEs development affected industry 4.0. They are the component of sales and marketing and human resources components.
Exploring young EFL learners’ motivation: Individual versus pair work on dictogloss tasks
Authors: Kopinska Marta , Azkarai Agurtzane
Published: September 2020

Motivation has been widely considered one of the most influential variables in the field of second language learning. Motivation may vary throughout the years, even within the duration of a single language class, and this might occur due to different factors, such as the choice of tasks or the activity type (i.e., collaborative or individual). These two factors have not been investigated in depth with young learners in foreign language settings, and from a task-based perspective. Thus, this paper addresses this gap, and explores the potential changes in motivation of 64 Spanish young learners of English as a foreign language who worked on a number of dictogloss tasks in pairs and individually over the span of a school year. Data was collected several times by means of different tools that measured students’ general and more specific task motivation, as well as their attitudes towards individual/pair work. The findings revealed that, overall, these children’s motivation was high and consolidated with time, while their level of anxiety decreased. Their attitudes towards the dictogloss were positive from the beginning to the end of the school year, and more so when they carried out the task in pairs. These findings support the benefits of collaborative work, and the dictogloss, as an appropriate task that engages children in their learning of a foreign language.
EFL child peer interaction: Measuring the effect of time, proficiency pairing and language of interaction
Authors: Pladevall-Ballester Elisabet , Vraciu Alexandra
Published: September 2020

Child peer interaction in English as a foreign language (EFL) settings has recently received increasing attention with respect to age, instruction type and first language (L1) use, but longitudinal studies remain scarce and the effects of proficiency pairing and language choice on meaning negotiation strategies are still rather unexplored. Within a primary school EFL context, this paper aims to explore the amount and types of meaning negotiation, and the effects of time, proficiency pairing and language choice in a spot-the-differences task. Forty Catalan/Spanish bilingual children were paired into mixed and matched proficiency dyads, and their oral production was analyzed twice over the course of two years (i.e., 9-10 and 11-12 years old). The analysis included conversational adjustments, self- and other-repetition and positive and negative feedback in the learners’ L1 and second language (L2). Our data show that the amount of meaning negotiation is low, although L2 meaning negotiation is higher than L1 meaning negotiation, and all the strategies are present in the data except for comprehension checks. Time effects are hardly observed. However, proficiency pairing and language effects are more generally found, whereby mixed proficiency dyads tend to negotiate for meaning more than matched dyads and meaning negotiation instances are more frequent in the L2 than in the L1.
Oral English performance in Danish primary school children: An interactional usage-based approach
Authors: Eskildsen Søren W. , Cadierno Teresa
Published: September 2020

Following the call in Sandlund, Sundqvist, and Nyroos (2016) for incorporating discursive approaches into the field of oral second language (L2) testing, this paper proposes an interactional usage-based approach to the analysis of oral L2 performance. Based on Eskildsen (2018a), we combine analytic tools from usage-based linguistics and conversation analysis. We draw on usage-based linguistics to analyze performance in terms of test-takers’ inventories of linguistic constructions and on conversation analysis to understand their interactional competence in terms of the relation between the linguistic constructions and the actions they are used to accomplish. Performance assessment is thus constructional and interactional. Participants in this pilot study were two Danish primary school children who performed two consecutive oral tasks: a semi-guided interview and a picture-elicited narrative task. Data were analyzed by means of cross-child comparisons and cross-task comparisons within each child. Our data confirm the observation from previous research that simple question-answer(-assessment) sequences dominate oral test formats, but also that the format is sometimes abandoned, which allows for the accomplishment of new social actions. Moreover, the picture-description task affords a different speech exchange system with the interviewer participating more as an active listener when the children do not voluntarily carry out the requested task.
Effects of frequency and idiomaticity on second language reading comprehension in children with English as an additional language
Authors: Kan Rachel T. Y. , Murphy Victoria A.
Published: September 2020

Vocabulary plays an important role in reading comprehension in both the L1 and the L2 (Murphy, 2018). In measuring vocabulary knowledge, however, researchers typically focus on mono-lexical units where vocabulary assessments tend not to take into account multi-word expressions which include phrasal verbs, collocations, and idioms. Omitting these multi-word lexical items can lead to an over-estimation of comprehension skills, particularly in reading. Indeed, adult learners of English comprehend texts containing a larger number of multi-word expressions less well compared to texts containing fewer of these expressions, even when the same words are used in each text (Martinez & Murphy, 2011). To investigate whether children learning English as an additional language (EAL) face a similar challenge, two reading comprehension tests were administered to EAL and monolingual (non-EAL) English-speaking children in primary school. Both tests contained the same common words, but whereas in one test some of the words occurred in multi-word expressions, in the other test they did not. Reading comprehension was significantly reduced for both groups of children when multi-word expressions were included. Monolingual participants generally performed better than children with EAL on both tests further suggesting that children with EAL may face a particular disadvantage in English reading comprehension. These results are discussed within the context of the importance of developing rich vocabulary knowledge in all children, and especially emergent bilingual children, within primary school and beyond.
Soğuk Savaş Düzeninin Sosyal Politikaları: Bir Yumuşak Güç Unsuru Olarak Yakın ve Orta Doğu Çalışma Enstitüsü ve Türkiye’nin Bölgesel Rolü
Authors: Vardağlı Emine Tutku
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışma güvenlik odaklı Soğuk Savaş literatürüne bir alternatif olarak, dönemin uluslararası sosyal politikalarını ve bu yolla Türkiye’nin dönüşen bölgesel konumunu ve misyonunu ele almaktadır. Spesifik olarak, Türkiye’nin önce Yakın Doğu daha sonra Orta Doğu olarak adlandırılan açık uçlu siyasi coğrafyada, Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (ILO) aracılığıyla üstlendiği bölgesel rol ve bunun iç siyasi yansımaları incelenmektedir. ILO’nun 1950’lerin başında İstanbul’da kurduğu Yakın ve Orta Doğu Çalışma Enstitüsü (YODÇE), hem Türkiye’de hem de bölgede Soğuk Savaş düzeninin sosyal politika normlarını belirleyen uluslararası bir örgüt olarak mercek altına alınmıştır. Siyasal-örgütsel literatür içinde pek az bilinen bu enstitünün yeni oluşan uluslararası düzen açısından etkin bir siyasi manevra alanı olarak işlev gördüğüne dikkat çekilmektedir. Söz konusu enstitü daha ziyade ideolojik bir araç ve bölgesel bir yumuşak güç unsuru olarak tanımlanmakta, böylelikle Soğuk Savaş sonrası ortaya çıktığı düşünülen yumuşak güç siyasetinin kökenine inilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye’nin Soğuk Savaş düzeni içinde sosyal politika üzerinden işlevselleştirilen yumuşak güç siyasetinin hem aracı hem de alanı haline geldiği tespit edilmektedir. Yöntemsel anlamda, siyasi tarihin verilerinden hareket eden ve yorumsamacı bir yaklaşımla diplomasinin satır aralarını okuyan bu çalışma, aynı zamanda “yumuşak güç” kavramının kökenine ilişkin uluslararası literatürde yeni bir tartışma başlatmayı hedeflemektedir.
Açık Kapı Politikasından Güvenlik Tehdidine Türkiye’de Suriyeli Sığınmacılar Olgusu
Authors: Bayır Dicle , Aksu Fuat
Published: September 2020

Türkiye, Mart 2011’de Suriye’de başlayan çatışmaların akabinde uyguladığı açık kapı politikası nedeniyle bugün dünyada en fazla mülteci ağırlayan ülke konumundadır. Açık kapı politikasının olumsuz etkileri, Suriyelilerin kitleler halinde Türkiye’ye geçiş yaptığı 2014-2016 yılları arasında görülmeye başlanmıştır. “Misafir” olarak nitelendirilen insanların bugün “kalıcı” olma durumları, Suriye Krizi’nin dokuzuncu yılında toplumsal tepkileri arttırarak Türkiye’nin politikalarını yeniden gözden geçirmesine neden olmuştur. Çalışmada, “2011 yılında izlenen politika nasıl bir sorun yaratmıştır ki toplumsal tepkiyi arttırmış ve konu artık eskiye nazaran daha gözle görülür bir biçimde güvenlik açısından ele alınmaya başlanmıştır?” sorusundan yola çıkılarak, göçle güvenlik arasındaki ilişki analiz edilecektir. Kavramsal çerçeve çizildikten sonra Türkiye’nin göç politikasının ne olduğuna, yasal mevzuatına ve güncel verilerle Türkiye’deki Suriyelilerin durumuna değinilecektir. Akabinde krizin başında izlenen açık kapı politikasının ne tür problemler yarattığı ve bu konunun giderek nasıl güvenlik başlığı altında ele alınıp araçsallaştırıldığı örneklerle tartışılacaktır.
Synthesis of high-temperature thermally expandable microcapsules and their effects on foaming quality and surface quality of foamed ABS materials
Authors: Gong Wei , Pei Xianglin , Yin Xiaogang , Ban Daming , Fu Hai , He Li
Published: September 2020

In this paper, acrylonitrile and hydroxypropyl acrylate are used as the binary polymerization monomers, and isooctane is used as the foaming agent to prepare high-temperature thermally expandable microcapsules. Analysis of the effect of blowing agent and crosslinking agent on the expansion properties of high-temperature thermally expandable microcapsules, the effects of foaming agent azodicarbonamide (ADCA) and micro-expansion capsule on the surface quality and foaming quality of foamed acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) products were investigated. The foamed product prepared by the high-temperature microcapsule has a good surface quality, the gloss is 52.3, the cell is not easily deformed, and the volume fraction is 4%; the foamed ABS/ADCA material has poor cell uniformity, the cell is easily deformed, the volume fraction is 6.5%, the surface quality is poor, and the gloss is only 8.7.
Trillium govanianum Wall. Ex. Royle rhizomes extract-medicated silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity
Authors: Uz-Zaman Khaleeq , Bakht Jehan , Malikovna Bates Kudaibergenova , Elsharkawy Eman R. , Khalil Anees Ahmed , Bawazeer Saud , Rauf Abdur
Published: September 2020

Synthesis of nanoparticles is a fast-growing area of interest in the current development in science and technology. Nanoparticles are also used in biomedical applications. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmental friendly and cost-effective technique. Trillium govanianum Wall. Ex. Royle crude extract was used for the eco-friendly genesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Aromatic amines were the functional groups involved in the bio-fabrication and synthesis of the AgNPs. The production of AgNPs was established by the appearance of brown color. The manufactured AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffractometer, and FTIR spectrophotometer. AgNPs were face-centered cubic in nature with an average size of 9.99 nm. The produced AgNPs (18 µL disc−1) showed substantial antibacterial (53.74, 52.75, 51.61, 43.00, 36.84, and 36.84%) and antifungal (54.05, 42.11, 41.10, 40.85, 30.55, and 29.73%) potential against the tested bacterial (X. campestris, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli, B. subtilis, and K. pneumoniae) and fungal (A. alternaria, Paecilomyces, C. albicans, Curvularia, A. niger, and Rhizopus) strains, respectively.
Causal mediation analysis in presence of multiple mediators uncausally related
Authors: Jérolon Allan , Baglietto Laura , Birmelé Etienne , Alarcon Flora , Perduca Vittorio
Published: September 2020

Mediation analysis aims at disentangling the effects of a treatment on an outcome through alternative causal mechanisms and has become a popular practice in biomedical and social science applications. The causal framework based on counterfactuals is currently the standard approach to mediation, with important methodological advances introduced in the literature in the last decade, especially for simple mediation, that is with one mediator at the time. Among a variety of alternative approaches, Imai et al. showed theoretical results and developed an R package to deal with simple mediation as well as with multiple mediation involving multiple mediators conditionally independent given the treatment and baseline covariates. This approach does not allow to consider the often encountered situation in which an unobserved common cause induces a spurious correlation between the mediators. In this context, which we refer to as mediation with uncausally related mediators, we show that, under appropriate hypothesis, the natural direct and joint indirect effects are non-parametrically identifiable. Moreover, we adopt the quasi-Bayesian algorithm developed by Imai et al. and propose a procedure based on the simulation of counterfactual distributions to estimate not only the direct and joint indirect effects but also the indirect effects through individual mediators. We study the properties of the proposed estimators through simulations. As an illustration, we apply our method on a real data set from a large cohort to assess the effect of hormone replacement treatment on breast cancer risk through three mediators, namely dense mammographic area, nondense area and body mass index.
“Where Commerce Meets a Revolution” the Complex Relationship Between the Marijuana Legalization Movement and the Cannabis Industry
Authors: Himmelstein Jerome
Published: September 2020

“Where Commerce Meets a Revolution” is the motto of the National Cannabis Industry Association and its annual meetings. “Commerce” clearly refers to the developing for-profit cannabis industry. “Revolution” refers to the ongoing legalization of the drug. “Meets” is more ambiguous: It may suggest an encounter between two similar things, a possible clash of opposites, or something in between. The ambiguity here provides an opportunity to examine how a social movement that understood itself as promoting freedom and social justice thinks about and engages a profit-making industry that its own success has created, acknowledging conflicting values, while also trying to find ways to manage this conflict. Drawing on interviews with major movement actors, I use the concepts of institutional logics and institutional entrepreneurship to examine the relationship between the legalization movement and the cannabis industry.
ROHHAD syndrome – A still unrecognized cause of childhood obesity: report of three cases
Authors: Filippidou Maria , Petropoulou Theoni , Botsa Evanthia , Vasilakis Ioannis – Anargyros , Smyrnaki Penelope , Orfanou Irene , Kaditis Athanasios , Kanaka-Gantenbein Christina
Published: September 2020

Objectives

Rapid-onset obesity with hypoventilation, hypothalamic dysfunction, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) is a rare, potentially fatal, pediatric syndrome.

Case presentations

We describe three cases of ROHHAD-syndrome in Greece. The main and earliest symptom was the excessive and rapid weight gain at 5, 2, and 3 years of age. Years after the onset of obesity, the patients developed hypothalamic dysfunction with various endocrinological abnormalities (at 9, 8, and 6.8 years, respectively), autonomic dysregulation and finally, alveolar hypoventilation (at 14.6, 8, and 7.8 years, respectively), leading to the diagnosis of ROHHAD-syndrome.

Conclusions

The rarity of the syndrome, the variable symptoms’ presentation, and the lack of specific diagnostic tests could explain why no previous cases have been reported from our country. The rapid onset of obesity was underestimated, and the patients were misdiagnosed with other more common obesity syndromes. Therefore, we propose a questionnaire to help physicians identify patients with ROHHAD-syndrome.
TRAP: a predictive framework for the Assessment of Performance in Trail Running
Authors: Fogliato Riccardo , Oliveira Natalia L. , Yurko Ronald
Published: September 2020

Trail running is an endurance sport in which athletes face severe physical challenges. Due to the growing number of participants, the organization of limited staff, equipment, and medical support in these races now plays a key role. Monitoring runner’s performance is a difficult task that requires knowledge of the terrain and of the runner’s ability. In the past, choices were solely based on the organizers’ experience without reliance on data. However, this approach is neither scalable nor transferable. Instead, we propose a firm statistical methodology to perform this task, both before and during the race. Our proposed framework, Trail Running Assessment of Performance (TRAP), studies (1) the assessment of the runner’s ability to reach the next checkpoint, (2) the prediction of the runner’s expected passage time at the next checkpoint, and (3) corresponding prediction intervals for the passage time. We apply our methodology, using the race history of runners from the International Trail Running Association (ITRA) along with checkpoint and terrain-level information, to the “holy grail” of ultra-trail running, the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc (UTMB) race, demonstrating the predictive power of our methodology.
2,4-Dimorpholino-4-yl-6-(4-nitrophenoxy)-[1,3,5]-triazine: Structural and spectroscopic study using experimental and DFT method
Authors: Kavipriya R. , Kavitha Helen P. , Karthikeyan B. , Vennila Jasmine P. , Rhyman Lydia , Ramasami Ponnadurai
Published: September 2020

2,4-Dimorpholino-4-yl-6-(4-nitrophenoxy)-[1,3,5]-triazine (DMNT) was synthesized and the molecular structure and vibrational frequencies were studied by density functional theory (DFT) method. The functional used was Becke’s three parameter exchange functional combined with the Lee-Yang-Parr correlation (B3LYP) and the standard basis set was 6-31G(d) for all atoms. The Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) and FT-Raman spectra of DMNT were recorded and complete assignments of the observed vibrational frequencies are done. The assignments were confirmed by isotopic labelling. The structural parameters, harmonic vibrational frequencies, IR intensities and Raman intensities of DMNT in the ground-state were also computed. Non-linear optical behaviour of DMNT was analysed by examining the properties like electric dipole moment, polarizability and hyperpolarizability. Molecular properties such as ionization potential, electro-negativity, chemical potential and chemical hardness were obtained from molecular orbital analysis. Hyper conjugative interaction and charge delocalization taking place in DMNT was confirmed by Natural bond analysis studies. UV-Vis spectrum of DMNT was also recorded to understand the electronic properties.

Graphical Abstract:
Video-based education improves the image quality of diagnostic percutaneous cerebral angiography among elderly patients
Authors: Wang Wenbing , Wu Yongshun , Yuan Jianpeng , Yang Qian , Zhou Zhiming
Published: September 2020

Objective

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is considered the gold standard for cerebral vasculature observation and is increasingly applied among the elderly population. The aim of this study is to determine whether the use of a video-based education system can improve the image quality of percutaneous cerebral angiography.

Method

This study is a single-blinded prospective cohort trial. One hundred and sixty patients (≥65 years old) were enrolled in this study. Eighty patients were provided with video-based education as intervention. Eighty age-matched controls only received regular education. The DSA image quality was assessed between control and intervention groups. It was rated by two readers on a 5-point scale, independently.

Results

No differences were found between control and intervention groups in baseline characteristics (P > 0.05). The mean overall image quality was significantly higher in patients receiving video-based education than in controls (P < 0.05), and the same trends were found in the respective assessment of each artery (left and right carotid/vertebral artery; P < 0.05). Moreover, the operation time and radiation doses were quite comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

This study indicated that video-based education helps elderly patients to acquire improved DSA image quality. It encourages the application of this approach in practice.
Descending Dopaminergic Inputs to Reticulospinal Neurons Promote Locomotor Movements
Authors: Ryczko Dimitri , Grätsch Swantje , Alpert Michael H. , Cone Jackson J. , Kasemir Jacquelin , Ruthe Angelina , Beauséjour Philippe-Antoine , Auclair François , Roitman Mitchell F. , Alford Simon , Dubuc Réjean
Published: September 2020

Meso-diencephalic dopaminergic neurons are known to modulate locomotor behaviors through their ascending projections to the basal ganglia, which in turn project to the mesencephalic locomotor region, known to control locomotion in vertebrates. In addition to their ascending projections, dopaminergic neurons were found to increase locomotor movements through direct descending projections to the mesencephalic locomotor region and spinal cord. Intriguingly, fibers expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme of dopamine synthesis, were also observed around reticulospinal neurons of lampreys. We now examined the origin and the role of this innervation. Using immunofluorescence and tracing experiments, we found that fibers positive for dopamine innervate reticulospinal neurons in the four reticular nuclei of lampreys. We identified the dopaminergic source using tracer injections in reticular nuclei, which retrogradely labeled dopaminergic neurons in a caudal diencephalic nucleus (posterior tuberculum [PT]). Using voltammetry in brain preparations isolatedin vitro, we found that PT stimulation evoked dopamine release in all four reticular nuclei, but not in the spinal cord. In semi-intact preparations where the brain is accessible and the body moves, PT stimulation evoked swimming, and injection of a D1receptor antagonist within the middle rhombencephalic reticular nucleus was sufficient to decrease reticulospinal activity and PT-evoked swimming. Our study reveals that dopaminergic neurons have access to command neurons that integrate sensory and descending inputs to activate spinal locomotor neurons. As such, our findings strengthen the idea that dopamine can modulate locomotor behavior both via ascending projections to the basal ganglia and through descending projections to brainstem motor circuits.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMeso-diencephalic dopaminergic neurons play a key role in modulating locomotion by releasing dopamine in the basal ganglia, spinal networks, and the mesencephalic locomotor region, a brainstem region that controls locomotion in a graded fashion. Here, we report in lampreys that dopaminergic neurons release dopamine in the four reticular nuclei where reticulospinal neurons are located. Reticulospinal neurons integrate sensory and descending suprareticular inputs to control spinal interneurons and motoneurons. By directly modulating the activity of reticulospinal neurons, meso-diencephalic dopaminergic neurons control the very last instructions sent by the brain to spinal locomotor circuits. Our study reports on a new direct descending dopaminergic projection to reticulospinal neurons that modulates locomotor behavior.
Effects of the Propeller Advance Ratio on Delta Wing UAV Leading Edge Vortex
Authors: Kasim K. A. , Segard P. , Mat S. , Mansor S. , Dahalan M. N. , N. Mohd N. A. R , M. Nasir M. N.
Published: September 2020

Delta wing is a triangular-shaped platform that can be applied into the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) or drone applications. However, the flow above the delta wing is governed by complex leading-edge vortex structures which result in complicated aerodynamics behaviour. At higher angles of attack, the vortex burst can take place when the swirling flow is unable to sustain the adverse pressure gradient. More studies are needed to understand these vortex phenomena. This paper addresses an experimental study of active flow control called propeller on a generic 55° swept angle sharp-edged delta wing model. In this experiment, a propeller was placed at two different locations. The first location was at the apex of the wing while the second position was at the rear of the wing. The experiments were conducted in a 1.5 × 2.0 m2 closed-loop wind tunnel facility at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. The freestream velocities were set at 20 m/s and 25 m/s. The research consisted of an intensive surface pressure measurement above the wing surface to investigate the effects of rotating propeller towards the leading-edge vortex. The experiments were divided into four configurations. The clean wing configuration was performed without the propeller and followed by pusher-propeller configuration using 10-inch 9-inch propellers. The final configuration was the tractor-propeller with a 10-inch propeller. The results emphasise the influences of the propeller size and its location corresponding to vortex properties above the delta-winged UAV model. The findings had indicated that the vortex peak is increased when the propeller is installed for both pusher and tractor configurations. The results also indicate that the pressure coefficient is increased when the propeller advance ratio increases.
The Effect of Corporate Governance Mechanisms, Capital Structure and Firm Size on Risk Management Disclosure
Authors: Larasati Desi , Asrori Asrori
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the duties and responsibilities of directors, institutional ownership, managerial ownership, capital structure and firm size on RMD in an Islamic banks. The population in this study is the Islamic Banks in Indonesia. There is 35 annual reports of Islamic banks as samples. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS tool. The results showed that the firm size significant positive effect on RMD. While the other variables are the duties and responsibilities of directors, institutional ownership, managerial ownership and capital structure does not affect the RMD. Researchers further advised to analyze other factors that may affect the RMD on Islamic banks such as the duties and responsibilities of the board of commissioners. 

Keywords: Risk Management Disclosure (RMD), Mechanism Corporate Governance, Duties and Responsibilities of Directors, Institution Ownership, Management Ownership, Capital Structure, Firm Size.
The Effect of Religiosity and Ethical Orientation on Perceptions of Undergraduate Accounting Students on Creative Accounting
Authors: Jaya Intan Purnama , Sukirno Sukirno
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of religiosity and ethical orientation on the perception of creative accounting. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. Students who participated as respondents were as many as 107 students from Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta and 249 students from Universitas Islam Indonesia who were then grouped based on criteria. The criteria used are already or are currently taking intermediate financial accounting 1 and intermediate financial accounting 2 courses, auditing courses, and business ethics courses. Based on the predetermined criteria, a sample of 202 students was obtained consisting of 98 Universitas Negeri Yogayakarta students and 104 Universitas Islam Indonesia students. The students involved in this study were given a questionnaire to fill in and the data obtained were analyzed using multiple regression methods. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of religiosity on students’ ethical perceptions in creative accounting. The students with high religiosity will have perceptions that are more ethical on creative accounting. The results of the analysis also show that ethical orientation has an effect on creative accounting. This means that the higher the ethical orientation of students, the more ethical their perceptions of creative accounting are.
Joint impact of Philanthropy and Corporate Reputation on Firm Value
Authors: Daromes Fransiskus Eduardus , Gunawan Stevi Revigi
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the effect of philanthropy on firm value with company reputation as a moderating variable. The population used in this study are all non-financial companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange during (IDX) 2015 - 2017. Total samples are 38 companies for the 3 years selected by purposive sampling. This study uses secondary data, i.e. annual report, financial report, and sustainability report collected from IDX database and each company’s official website. The results of the analysis show that the effect of philanthropy on firm valuehas a non-significant effect. The findings also indicate that corporate reputation is able to moderate the influence of philanthropy on firm value. This finding implies that the role of corporate reputation is very important for the survival of the company.  The good relationship between the company and their stakeholders, especially the community through philanthropic activities will increase the firm value and corporate reputation.
Development of Mosque Accounting Information Systems Based on Non-profit Entity Reporting Standards and Sharia Compliance: A Case Study at the X Great Mosque
Authors: Asrori Asrori , Kiswanto Kiswanto , Fachrurrozie Fachrurrozie , Amal Muhammad Ihlashul
Published: September 2020

The mosque, a place of worship for Muslims, is a non-profit entity that receives public funds. The mosque should manage, record, and report the receipt and use of mosque funds in an Islamic and accountable manner. This study aims to identify and develop a mosque accounting information system that is per the reporting standards of non-profit organizations and meets sharia compliance. The observed object of this study (hereinafter referred to the X Great Mosque) is one of the great mosques in Central Java Province. This study employs qualitative methods, a case study approach, with data sources of seven participants, including treasurer, secretary, accounting and financial staff, the heads of ketakmiran, education, and social, assets and maintenance, and business affairs programs. This study found that the X Great Mosque carries out accounting information systems properly according to the reporting standards of the non-profit organization. However, the accounting information system at the X Great Mosque, as part of Islamic accounting, has not fully met Sharia compliance because it has not separated in recording and reporting the restricted and unrestricted funds.
Financing Type And Sustainability Reporting: Financial Performance As Mediating Variable
Authors: Falikhatun Falikhatun , Wahyuni Salamah , Niswah Milananda Ainun , Nilasakti Afifah Oki
Published: September 2020

The research aims to examine the effect of financing types on sustainability reporting with financial performance as a mediating variable. The independent variables in this research are Murabahah Musyarakah, and Mudharabah, while the mediating variable in this research is financial performance measured using Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) as a proxy. The Population of this research is Islamic Banking listed in statistical of Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Indonesia and published sustainability reporting and annual reports for the 2014-2017 period. The result of this study concluded that Financing Type proxied with Murabahah financing affects financial performance (CAR), and financial performance (CAR) also affects the Sustainability Reporting. The other proxies of financing type (Musyarakah and Mudharabah) do not affect financial performance. This study also concluded that financial performance variable mediates the effect of Financing type (Murabahah) on Sustainability Reporting.
Influence Of Intellectual Capital, Income Diversification on Firm Value Of Companies With Profitability Mediation: Indonesian Banking
Authors: Yustyarani Windie , Yuliana Indah
Published: September 2020

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of intellectual capital and income diversification on firm value mediated by profitability. This study uses secondary data from annual reports on banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2018. There are 30 banking samples in this study based on established criteria (purposive sampling). Data analysis using the WarpPLS 6.0 program. The results showed that intellectual capital had a positive effect on profitability and on firm value, income diversification had a negative effect on profitability, while it was found to have no effect on firm value, profitability had a positive effect on firm value, intellectual capital had an indirect effect on firm value mediated by profitabilit with partial mediation, while mediation is not supported by the indirect effect of Income Diversification on Firm Value.