bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hirschsprung’s disease and associated syndrome and malformation -A report of four cases.
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Biswanath , Seal Mandira , Das Chhanda , Mukhopadhyay Madhumita
Published: February 2022

Background: Hirschsprung’s disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in different lengths of the intestine. It is one of the common causes of intestinal obstruction in neonates.

Materials and Methods: The study was carried out from January 2017 to January 2020 in the Department of Pathology in a Tertiary care hospital. The biopsy specimens from spastic segment and colostomy or ileostomy sites were sent for evaluation of ganglion cells. 

Results: During carrying out the study we came across two cases of biopsy that proved Hirschsprung’s disease who manifested the various signs and symptoms associated with two different syndromes and one malformation and one associated neoplasm

Conclusion: Two different syndromes and one associated malformation and neoplasm were detected in patients of Hirschsprung’s disease during a 3-year study.

Keywords: Hirschsprung's disease, ganglion cell, hypertrophic nerve fiber, malformation, neoplasm, syndrome.
Abusi sessuali su minori: aspetti storici, legali e danni allo sviluppo del bambino
Authors: Gonçalves Natamy de Almeida , Dias Camila Santos
Published: February 2022

Poiché è una violenza che affligge diversi bambini e adolescenti nel mondo nel corso della storia, l’abuso sessuale sui minori richiede molta attenzione, considerando che si tratta di un fenomeno complesso e, in molti casi, difficile da identificare, essendo l’abusatore di solito una persona fidata della famiglia e che ci si aspetta che si prenda cura della vittima, come genitori biologici, patrigno, zii o amici intimi, per esempio. Inoltre, la maggior parte dei casi di abuso sessuale si verificano nella casa della vittima, dove ci si aspetta poco dal bambino e dall’adolescente che si trovano in una situazione vulnerabile. Sulla base dei fattori descritti, questa ricerca presenta la seguente domanda guida: cos’è l’abuso sessuale e quali sono i suoi impatti sullo sviluppo del bambino? Questo articolo mirava a rivedere gli aspetti storici e legali dell’abuso sessuale, esplorando le complessità delle sue definizioni e presentando i possibili effetti sulla vittima. Per questo è stata fatta una rassegna bibliografica di carattere qualitativo, descrittivo ed esplorativo, suscitando riflessioni sul tema. Si è visto che il bambino e l’adolescente non avevano sempre il supporto legale, avendo subito diverse violenze senza la dovuta punizione per i loro aggressori. Nel corso del tempo, sono state istituite leggi e, in Brasile, lo Statuto dei bambini e degli adolescenti (ECA) aveva segnato un momento di determinazione dei diritti dell’infanzia e dell’adolescenza, stabilendo meccanismi di protezione, anche contro la violenza come l’abuso sessuale. Infine, è stato considerato in questo studio che vi è una mancanza di informazioni alla popolazione sull’argomento, che corrobora la riproduzione del suddetto reato. È stato osservato che, considerando i danni alla salute biopsicosociale della vittima e della sua famiglia, sono stati realizzati studi e progetti di prevenzione, nonché istituito diverse forme di denuncia di questo crimine. Si è concluso che è necessario preparare strategie per preparare le famiglie, i professionisti e le istituzioni responsabili di garantire i diritti dei bambini e degli adolescenti in modo che possano contribuire a rafforzare la lotta contro gli abusi sessuali.
Vjerske škole u sustavu proračunskog financiranja Republike Hrvatske
Authors: Bratić Vjekoslav
Published: February 2022

U obrazovnim sustavima europskih zemalja – osim javnih – već
duže vrijeme sudjeluju i škole čiji su osnivači vjerske zajednice (ili vjerske
škole). Iako su u većini slučajeva i javno (su)financirane, obujam (su)financiranja
uvelike se razlikuje među zemljama. Kako se najčešće financiraju kombinacijom
javnih i privatnih izvora, neki ih autori neutralnije dijele na vladine i
nevladine, ovisno o tome tko im je vlasnik i upravitelj te tko ih pretežito financira.
Osnovni
cilj rada je deskriptivnom metodom objasniti načine (javnog) financiranja
vjerskih škola u Europi, te na primjeru Hrvatske prikazati i komparativno usporediti
financiranje sredstvima državnog proračuna škola čiji su osnivači različite vjerske
zajednice. U Hrvatskoj je najveći broj vjerskih škola čiji su osnivači javno
pravne osobe Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj (u pravilu je riječ o biskupijama), te
su, razumljivo s obzirom na brojnost (23), za njih izdvojena nominalno i
najveća sredstva. No, analiza je pokazala i kako su – u odnosu na katoličke obrazovne
institucije – jedna osnovna i četiri srednje škole čiji su osnivači druge
vjerske zajednice u prosjeku zapošljavale nešto više djelatnika, imale manji
broj učenika, ali im je iz državnog proračuna isplaćeno u prosjeku više novaca,
po učeniku i po zaposlenom.
Quality of Landrace Semen in Yolk Citrate Cement which Plus Glucose with Different Concentrations
Authors: Baku Albertus , Dethan Agustinus A , Tahuk Paulus Klau
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using yolk citrate diluent with different concentrations of glucose added on the motility, viability, abnormalities and pH of landrace pig cement.The cement used was fresh cement from a 3 year old Landrace pig stud.This study used an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments (P1 5%, P2 10%, P3 15% and P4 20%) and four replications so that there were 16 experimental units.The results showed that the concentration of glucose in the yolk citrate diluent was not significantly different (P>0.05) on the motility of spermatozoa with the average value of each treatment being P1 (65%), P2 (60%), P3 (63, 8%) and P4 (67.5%).The percentage of spermatozoa viability was very significantly different (P<0.01) between treatments, where in treatment P2 was relatively the same as treatment P3 and P4 but higher than treatment P1 with the value of each treatment P1 (83%), P2 (90.1 %), P3 (93.5%) and P4 (91.5%). Percentage of spermatozoa abnormalities resulting from analysis of variance (ANOVA) from each treatment there was a non-significant difference (P>0.05) where the values ​​were P1 (8.2%), P2 (9.2%), P3 (8.1%) and P4 (9.2%). The pH was significantly different (P<0.05) between treatments, where P1 treatment was relatively the same as P2 but higher than P4 treatment. On the other hand, treatment P3 was relatively the same as treatment P1, P2 and P4, with the values ​​of each treatment being P1 (8.36), P2 (7.99), P3 (7.676) and P4 (6.83). It can be concluded that the use of different glucose concentrations in the egg yolk citrate diluent with good quality, namely in the P3 treatment with a glucose concentration of 15%, the average percentage of individual motility was 64%, the percentage of live spermatozoa was 93.5%, the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa was 8.1%. and the average pH of cement is 7.68. It was concluded that the quality semen of Landrace pig could be improved optimally using glucose concentration in egg yolk citrate diluent  by 15%.
Supplementation of Threonine and Tryptophan in Feed with Different Crude Protein Levels on Body Dimensions of Native Chickens in the Grower Phase (6 - 14 Weeks)
Authors: Maunaben Ori Onesimus , Lisnahan Charles V , Bira Gerson F
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of feeding different levels of protein in feed on the dimensions of the body of the village chicken grower phase (6-14 weeks), to find out the addition of amino acids treonine and tryptophan in feed to the dimensions of the body of the village chicken grower phase (6-14 weeks) and to know the interaction of protein leveling and the addition of amino acids treonine and tryptophan in feed to the dimensions of the body of the village chicken grower phase (6-14 weeks). This research has been conducted in Sasi Subdistrict, Kefamenanu City District, North Central Timor Regency for 8 weeks from October-December 2020. This study used 6 weeks old native chickens as many as 120 heads. The method used in this study is a complete random design of factorial patterns of 2 x 3 i.e. 2 levels of amino acids and 3 levels of coarse protein. Treatment given A1C1 (treonine 0.50% + tryptophan 0.15% + protein 15%), A1C2 (treonine 0.50% + tryptophan 0.15% + protein 17%), A1C3 (treonine 0.50% + tryptophan 0.15% + protein 19%), A2C1 (treonine 0.75% + tryptophan 0.20% + protein 15%), A2C2 (treonine 0.75% + tryptophan 0.20% + protein 17%), A2C3 (treonine 0.75% + tryptophan 0.20% + protein 19%). The variables observed in this study were weight, chest circumference, body length, length of sternum, femur length, tibia length, shank length, shank circumference and finger length. The data obtained was analyzed using variance analysis and multiple distance tests. Statistical analysis showed that crude protein levels had an unreal effect on chest circumference, body length, breastbone length, femur length, tibia length, shank length, shank circumference and finger length. Levels of amino acids (treonine + tryptophan) have a noticeable effect on weight, chest circumference, body length, length of sternum, tibia length, shank length and finger length. There is an interaction between amino acids (treonine + tryptophan) and crude protein levels against chest circumference, femur length, shank circumference and finger length.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Pneumocystis jirovecii in HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Patients in Northern China
Authors: Xue Ting , Du Wei-Qin , Dai Wen-Juan , Li Yi-Shan , Wang Shu-Feng , Wang Jun-Ling , Zhang Xin-Ri
Published: February 2022

Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus that can cause severe and potentially fatal Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in immunodeficient patients. In this study, we investigated the genetic polymorphisms of P. jirovecii at eight different loci, including six nuclear genes (ITS, 26S rRNA, sod, dhps, dhfr and β-Tub) and two mitochondrial genes (mtLSU-rRNA and cyb) in three PCP cases, including two patients with HIV infection and one without HIV infection in Shanxi Province, P.R. China. The gene targets were amplified by PCR followed by sequencing of plasmid clones. The HIV-negative patient showed a coinfection with two genotypes of P. jirovecii at six of the eight loci sequenced. Of the two HIV-positive patients, one showed a coinfection with two genotypes of P. jirovecii at the same two of the six loci as in the HIV-negative patient, while the other showed a single infection at all eight loci sequenced. None of the three drug target genes (dhfr, dhps and cyb) showed mutations known to be potentially associated with drug resistance. This is the first report of genetic polymorphisms of P. jirovecii in PCP patients in Shanxi Province, China. Our findings expand our understanding of the genetic diversity of P. jirovecii in China.
Should Bacteriophages Be Classified as Parasites or Predators?
Authors: Węgrzyn Grzegorz
Published: February 2022

Bacteriophages are viruses infecting bacteria and propagating in bacterial cells. They were discovered over 100 years ago, and for decades they played crucial roles as models in genetics and molecular biology and as tools in genetic engineering and biotechnology. Now we also recognize their huge role in natural environment and their importance in human health and disease. Despite our understanding of bacteriophage mechanisms of development, these viruses are described as parasites or predators in the literature. From the biological point of view, there are fundamental differences between parasites and predators. Therefore, in this article, I asked whether bacteriophages should be classified as former or latter biological entities. Analysis of the literature and biological definitions led me to conclude that bacteriophages are parasites rather than predators and should be classified and described as such. If even more precise ecological classification is needed, bacteriophages can perhaps be included in the group of parasitoids. It might be the most appropriate formal classification of these viruses, especially if strictly virulent phages are considered, contrary to phages which lysogenize host cells and those which develop according to the permanent infection mode (or chronic cycle, like filamentous phages) revealing features of classical parasites.
Istota relacji sieciowych przedsiębiorstwa
Authors: Czakon Wojciech
Published: February 2022

Przedstawiono zagadnienie istoty sieci przedsiębiorstwa, zwanej także przedsiębiorstwem poszerzonym. Zwięźle omówiono badania nad współdziałaniem przedsiębiorstw, a następnie przybliżono takie problemy jak: wymiana w ramach relacji, zaangażowanie w relację oraz wzajemność relacji jako cechy specyficzne relacji sieciowych przedsiębiorstwa.
The relationship between pain beliefs and anxiety levels in patients undergoing urologic surgery
Authors: Alan Handan , KURT Hasan Anıl
Published: February 2022

Aim: The study was completed with a descriptive design with the aim of determining the effect of preoperative stress on pain beliefs and used a relationship seeking design with the aim of revealing whether there is a significant correlation between pain beliefs and surgery anxiety levels among patients about to undergo surgical procedures in the urology clinic.
Material and method: With descriptive and relationship seeking type, the study was completed with 112 patients admitted to the urology clinic for surgical procedures. For collection of data, a personal information form, pain beliefs scale and preoperative anxiety scale were used.
Results: The majority of volunteers participating in the research were male (62.5), married (74.1%), aged 51 years or older (56.3%), primary school graduates (28.6%) and retired (38.4%) with moderate income levels (48.2%). Most patients had spinal anesthesia (48.1%) administered. There was a significant difference found between the surgery anxiety levels and pain beliefs with the anesthesia type administered. There was a negative, low power and statistically very advanced correlation between surgery anxiety and pain beliefs (r: -0.445; p˂0.05). Additionally, among the pain belief subdimensions psychological beliefs were mostly correlated with surgery anxiety ( r: -0.546; p˂0.05)
Conclusion: The research found a correlation between anxiety levels and pain beliefs of patients and concluded that researching this in different samples and nurses assessing the pain beliefs of patients will reduce anxiety.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 02 April’22 Page : 271-278
Development of the Heart Muscle after Antenatal Ethanol Intoxication during the Neonatal Period
Authors: Zhanaidarova Galina , Nauryzov Nurlan , Nurseitova Kulash , Arystan Leila , Dyussembekov Rustam , Turdunova Gulmira , Zhanbyrbaeva Sayn , Akhmetova Gulbanu
Published: February 2022

Objective: The aim of the study was to study the effect of antenatal ethanol intoxication on the postnatal development of the heart muscle during the neonatal period.
Materials and methods: The experiment was carried out on 24 pregnant female rats weighing 180-200 grams. The animals were divided into 2 groups: experimental and control. 12 animals of the experimental group were injected with a 30% ethanol solution from 6 to 21 days of gestation daily, once, endogastrically, at a dose of 5 g / kg. The animals of the control group were injected with the same volume of physiological saline.
Results and Discussion: On the 1st and 7th days after birth, the rat pups were killed by decapitation under light ether anesthesia. After determining the mass of the heart, part of the organ was studied electron microscopically, part was fixed in 10% neutral formalin, then histological preparations were prepared in accordance with standard methods. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in cardiomyocytes, the specific density of the capillary network of the myocardium, and the specific density of cardiomyocytes were measured. The data obtained were statistically processed.
Conclusion: The study showed that antenatal ethanol intoxication has a pronounced effect on the postnatal development of the heart muscle during the neonatal period, which manifests itself at the cellular and subcellular levels. The value of the obtained results lies in the fact that for the first time ultrastructural changes in postnatal development in the neonatal period of the fetal heart muscle during prenatal ethanol intoxication are shown at the electron microscopic level.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 02 April’22 Page : 344-353
Knowledge and Attitude of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Dental Students in North East Penisular Malaysia
Authors: Adnan Munirah Mohd , Kassim Nur Karyatee , Mohd Rasid Nur Mardhiyyah , Ibrahim Hanim Afzan , Ramli Rosmaliza , Ghani Nurhafizah , Hanafi Muhammad Hafiz
Published: February 2022

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is sleep-disordered breathing that can cause morbidity and mortality.Dental students’ knowledge of sleep apnea will help them identify patients with the condition in the future.
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the knowledge and attitude of OSA among undergraduate dental students in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM).
Methodology: A total of 97 undergraduate dental students participated in this study. This cross-sectional study used a self-administered and validated Obstructive Sleep Apnea Knowledge and Attitude (OSAKA) questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 18 questions of knowledge and five questions of attitude towards OSA.
Results: The mean total score of knowledge is 7.5 (SD 3.77). Meanwhile, the mean total score of attitude is 12.0 (SD 2.22). Most of the students (74.2%) knew that majority of patients with OSA snored. However, only 14.4% knew uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is the curative treatment for OSA. Regarding attitudes, 88.7% of the students agreed that OSA as an important clinical disease. Only 7.2% were confident in identifying OSA patients, while 15.5% were confident in managing OSA.
Conclusion: The level of OSA knowledge and awareness among dental students in USM was relatively low. Early education and training on OSA in dental schools are crucial to improve this state of affairs.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 02 April’22 Page : 384-390
The role of intercellular mediators in the regulation of reparative processes of chronic wounds when using photobiomodulation therapy
Authors: Pavlov Sergey , Babenko Nataliia , Kumetchko Marina , Litvinova Olga , Semko Nataliia , Valilshchykov Mykyta
Published: February 2022

Objective: The treatment of chronic wounds is one of the actual problems in medicine. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has gained considerable recognition among treatment modalities for various medical problems including wound repair processes. This research aims to investigate the role of intercellular mediators in the regulation of reparative processes of chronic wounds with the PBM therapy in the experiment.
Methods: Studies were performed on 12 Wistar rats weighing 250 ± 30g. Rats were used for modeling a chronic wound. Animals were divided into two groups: control and experimental.The animal wounds from the experimental group were treated with low-intensity laser radiation from “Lika-therapist М” in continuous mode using a wavelength of 660 nm, output power at 50 mWt, energy density at 1 J/cm² once per day for 5 days. On the 14th day after the application of wounds, 6 rats from each group were removed from the experiment. PBM efficiency was evaluated with intercellular mediators analysis, as well as with histological examination. ELISA serum analysis was done for quantifying interleukin- 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Statistica 6.0 analysis package.
Result: PBM effect on the expression of intercellular mediators in blood serum of animals with chronic wounds after 14 days after wound modeling, showed: increase of cytokine IL-1β (p > 0,05) and IL-4 (p < 0,05) levels; decrease of TNF-α and IL-10 levels (p < 0,05); without significant changes were concentrations IL-6 and GM-CSF. The histological study showed decrease vascular count and better organization of collagen fibers in experimental group.
Conclusion: Histological studies of wound healing revealed an earlier transition of the process to the remodeling phase with the use of PBM therapy. PBM therapy can be an instrument for optimizing the reparative process by correcting the regulation by intercellular mediators.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 02 April’22 Page : 398-403
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental and medical education in Bangladesh: a pilot study and the implications
Authors: Chowdhury Kona , Haque Mainul , Lutfor Afzalunnessa Binte , Siddiqui Tosaddeque Hossain , Ahmad Rahnuma , Sultana Irin , Sharma Paras , Lugova Halyna , Etando Ayukafangha , Godman Brian
Published: February 2022

Objective: Lockdown and other measures, including the closure of universities, introduced by Governments across countries in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have appreciably impacted on the education of dental and medical students across countries. Key challenges included the need to rapidly move to e-learning as well as instigate new approaches to practicals for health science students. This involves lecturers and students necessarily needing to rapidly adapt to e-learning and other approaches. There have also been affordability issues among students to regularly access the Internet, and purchase the necessary equipment, particularly among those from low- and middle-income countries such as Bangladesh. Consequently, there is an urgent need to assess current challenges among senior level physicians and educators in Bangladesh regarding the education of dental and medical students arising from the current pandemic, and how these are being addressed, to provide future direction. This is particularly important in Bangladesh with high rates of both infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Materials and Methods: Pragmatic investigation involving a purposely developed questionnaire based on previous studies and the experience of the co-authors. The questionnaire was distributed to 15 senior-level educators with the findings analysed by themes.
Results: Key issues included little experience with e-learning at the start of the pandemic among both staff and students, poor internet access and cost of internet bundles. In addition, fear and anxieties among both students and staff. The colleges responded by instigating teaching classes for educators on e-learning and providing adequate personal protective equipment for staff and students during teaching and practical sessions. These formed the basis of future recommendations. Other recommendations included increased flexibility among staff and students.
Conclusion: The pandemic posed appreciable challenges to both staff and students attending dental and medical colleges in Bangladesh. Some of the key issues are starting to be addressed.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 02 April’22 Page : 444-454
Ascending Cholangitis Secondary to Choledocholithiasis In Post Cholecystectomy Patient: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Abd Wahid Mohd Najman , Mohamad Noraini , Muhamad Rosediani , Draman Nani
Published: February 2022

Choledocholithiasis is the presence of stones in the common bile duct (CBD). Choledocholithiasis in post-cholecystectomy is rare. Nonetheless, this is a report of a 40-year-old woman who was presented with severe epigastric pain with high-grade fever, tea-coloured urine, pale stool, and jaundice. She had a history of pangastritis and had cholecystectomy two years ago.This case report describes the significant diagnostic dilemma of the choledocholithiasis, particularly in a post-cholecystectomy patient who had pangastritis and was presented with severe epigastric pain. The diagnosis of choledocholithiasis was missed as the early symptoms of choledocholithiasis are similar to those of pangastritis. Therefore, treatment for choledocholithiasis was delayed. A high index of suspicion for diagnosis of choledocholithiasis must be emphasized among primary care practitioners even in a post-cholecystectomy patient. This will enable early treatment for the patient and prevent complications such as ascending cholangitis and sepsis.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 02 April’22 Page : 458-462
ROAD THICKNESS ANALYSIS USING MDP METHOD 2017 (CASE: PURWODADI – NONGKOJAJAR)
Authors: Handayani Ratna , Wicaksono Ahmad Faathir
Published: February 2022

The Purwodadi - Nongkojajar road section is one of the East Java Province roads in UPT PJJ Probolinggo, which received funding from the Regional Road Grant Program (PHJD). From the results of the road condition survey in 2020, the condition of road damage in the form of holes and hair cracks was obtained. Based on this, it was necessary planning the thickness of the re-pavement or overlay. This program begins with inventory and road condition, topographic and soil investigation surveys. From the results of the topographic survey, we can measure the slope, then we conduct an investigative survey using Benkelman-beam deflection measure tool to determine the back- deflection value. References and secondary data of traffic growth and road class data are collected. The thickness of the pavement was calculated using the MDP 2017 method. This research found that the required layer was AC-WC layer with an expected thickness of 4 cm. Due to the uneven condition of the existing road, an additional leveling layer AC-BC was needed to overcome this condition with a thickness of 3.0 cm.
MANUTENÇÃO PREDITIVA E SUAS VANTAGENS
Authors: Munhoz Luis Eduardo , Garcia Filho Heriton Martins , Bovério Maria Aparecida , Silva Dejaime Pereira da
Published: February 2022

A indústria, de forma geral, tem passado por grandes transformações devido a globalização e, com o mercado cada vez mais competitivo, cabe minimizar o máximo de desperdícios na cadeia produtiva, isto é, obter eficiência no sistema produtivo, produzindo assim, mais com o menor custo possível. Para alcançar esse objetivo é necessária a interação entre a direção, produção e manutenção, sendo esse último setor um dos principais. Ter o controle do ativo e saber a real condição de desgaste, é responsabilidade da manutenção, que fornecerá parâmetros para a direção e produção se programar, visando, assim, o planejamento da produção desejada. O presente artigo tem a finalidade de apresentar, quais são as vantagens em utilizar as técnicas de manutenção que sejam proativas, visando vantagens em relação a aplicação de técnicas corretivas e, por consequência, a economia financeira e a maior disponibilidade do ativo. Assim, como metodologia, além da revisão bibliográfica, foi realizado um estudo de caso na empresa Tese Comercial Elétrica Ltda, cujo objetivo foi o de diagnosticar a falha dos motores de indução trifásico e as possíveis causas dessas falhas. Para isso, utilizou-se a análise de ordem de serviço e a ferramenta da qualidade Diagrama de Ishikawa. Os resultados indicam que a probabilidade da falha ocorrer, se houvesse dispositivos de proteção adicionais e/ou um planejamento efetivo de manutenção contemplando técnicas preditivas, seriam pequenas. Concluiu-se que a solução proposta é atrativa, de baixa complexidade e de fácil adaptação.
E-COMMERCE COMO FERRAMENTA DE COMPETITIVIDADE RELACIONADA AOS ASPECTOS TECNOLÓGICOS
Authors: Bérgamo Luciano
Published: February 2022

Esse artigo apresenta um estudo sobre E-Commerce, enfatizando o que uma empresa precisa saber antes de investir seu capital, mostrando as vantagens e os obstáculos, entendendo os clientes e descobrindo a melhor forma de alcançá-los. No estudo realizado foi verificado que o E-Commerce pode ser direcionado para todo tipo e tamanho de empresa. Por meio de um estudo in loco, ficou claro que através de um planejamento bem realizado é possível garantir melhor aplicação do investimento. Isso pode ser comprovado com base no estudo de caso realizado sobre a implantação de um sistema de vendas online, em um supermercado da cidade de Mococa-SP.
Receptors for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Host Factors Regulating the Life Cycle of Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Feng Ziheng , Xu Lili , Xie Zhengde
Published: February 2022

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections and responsible for a large proportion of mortality in children and the elderly. There are no licensed vaccines available to date. Prophylaxis and therapeutic RSV-specific antibodies are limited to populations at high risk owing to high cost and uncertain clinical value. Receptors and host factors are two determinants important for virus entry and establishment of infectionin vivo. The identification and understanding of viral receptors and host factors can help us to gain insight into the pathogenesis of RSV infection. Herein, we reviewed receptors and host factors that have been reported thus far. RSV could bind to CX3C chemokine receptor 1 and heparan sulfate proteoglycansviathe G protein, and to nucleolin, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, epidermal growth factor, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1viathe F protein. Seven host restriction factors and 13 host factors essential for RSV infection were reviewed. We characterized the functions and their roles in the life cycle of RSV, trying to provide an update on the information of RSV-related receptors and host factors.
Building Organizational Resilience Through Organizational Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Evenseth Lise L. , Sydnes Maria , Gausdal Anne H.
Published: February 2022

With organizational environments becoming increasingly complex and volatile, the concept of “organizational resilience” has become the “new normal”. Organizational resilience is a complex and multidimensional concept which builds on the myriad of capabilities that an organization develops during its lifecycle. As learning is an inherent and essential part of these developments, it has become a central theme in literature on organizational resilience. Although organizational resilience and organizational learning are inherently interrelated, little is known of the dynamics of effective learning that may enhance organizational resilience. This study explores how to achieve organizational learning that can serve to promote organizational resilience. Our aim is to contribute to a more comprehensive knowledge of the relation between organizational resilience and organizational learning. We present the results of a systematic literature review to assess how organizational learning may make organizations more resilient. As both organizational resilience and organizational learning are topics of practical importance, our study offers a specifically targeted investigation of this relation. We examine the relevant literature on organizational learning and resilience, identifying core themes and the connection between the two concepts. Further, we provide a detailed description of data collection and analysis. Data were analyzed thematically using the qualitative research software NVivo. Our review covered 41 empirical, 12 conceptual and 6 literature review articles, all indicating learning as mainly linked to adaptation capabilities. However, we find that learning is connected to all three stages of resilience that organizations need to develop resilience: anticipation, coping, and adaptation. Effective learning depends upon appropriate management of experiential learning, on a systemic approach to learning, on the organizational ability to unlearn, and on the existence of the context that facilitates organizational learning.
Cardiomyocyte Atrophy, an Underestimated Contributor in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Chen De-Shu , Yan Jing , Yang Ping-Zhen
Published: February 2022

Left ventricular (LV) mass loss is prevalent in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity and is responsible for the progressive decline of cardiac function. Comparing with the well-studied role of cell death, the part of cardiomyocyte atrophy (CMA) playing in the LV mass loss is underestimated and the knowledge of the underlying mechanism is still limited. In this review, we summarized the recent advances in the DOX-induced CMA. We found that the CMA caused by DOX is associated with the upregulation of FOXOs and “atrogenes,” the activation of transient receptor potential canonical 3-NADPH oxidase 2 (TRPC3-Nox2) axis, and the suppression of IGF-1-PI3K signaling pathway. The imbalance of anabolic and catabolic process may be the common final pathway of these mechanisms. At last, we provided some strategies that have been demonstrated to alleviate the DOX-induced CMA in animal models.
Case Report: ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Secondary to Acute Atherothrombotic Occlusion Treated With No Stent Strategy
Authors: Dhawan Rahul , Samant Saurabhi , Gajanan Ganesh , Chatzizisis Yiannis S.
Published: February 2022

Background

Intravascular imaging plays a vital role in the pathophysiology-based diagnosis and treatment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We present a case of STEMI due to plaque erosion, which was managed with a no stent approach.

Case Summary

A 43-year-old female with a history of tobacco abuse presented with an anterior STEMI. Coronary angiography revealed acute thrombotic occlusion of the left anterior descending artery with spontaneous recanalization. Intravascular imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated plaque erosion as the underlying etiology for the acute thrombotic occlusion. A no stent strategy with aspiration thrombectomy and dual antiplatelet therapy was used to manage the patient given that there was no evidence of plaque rupture. Repeat coronary imaging was done at 2 months to assess the status of the lesion.

Conclusion

A 43-year-old female with STEMI due to plaque erosion was successfully managed only by thrombus aspiration and not by angioplasty and stent placement. Individualized treatment approaches in patients with acute coronary syndromes, can not only achieve optimal management goals but also avoid unnecessary complications associated with interventions. This case illustrates how intracoronary imaging and pathophysiology-guided treatment can dramatically change management. In this young patient, STEMI was managed purely by thrombus aspiration. Intravascular imaging obviated the need for stent placement possibly preventing stent-related complications including restenosis and thrombosis.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction: An Emerging Link in the Pathophysiology of Cardiorenal Syndrome
Authors: Shi Shuqing , Zhang Bingxuan , Li Yumeng , Xu Xia , Lv Jiayu , Jia Qiulei , Chai Ruoning , Xue Wenjing , Li Yuan , Wang Yajiao , Wu Huaqin , Song Qingqiao , Hu Yuanhui
Published: February 2022

The crosstalk between the heart and kidney is carried out through various bidirectional pathways. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a pathological condition in which acute or chronic dysfunction in the heart or kidneys induces acute or chronic dysfunction of the other organ. Complex hemodynamic factors and biochemical and hormonal pathways contribute to the development of CRS. In addition to playing a critical role in generating metabolic energy in eukaryotic cells and serving as signaling hubs during several vital processes, mitochondria rapidly sense and respond to a wide range of stress stimuli in the external environment. Impaired adaptive responses ultimately lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, inducing cell death and tissue damage. Subsequently, these changes result in organ failure and trigger a vicious cycle. In vitro and animal studies have identified an important role of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis may be a promising therapeutic strategy to interrupt the vicious cycle between HF and acute kidney injury (AKI)/CKD. In this review, we hypothesize that mitochondrial dysfunction may also play a central role in the development and progression of CRS. We first focus on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of HF and AKI/CKD, then discuss the current research evidence supporting that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in various types of CRS.
Bridging Generation Gaps Through Service-Learning in Higher Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Aláez Marian , Díaz-Iso Ariane , Eizaguirre Almudena , García-Feijoo María
Published: February 2022

Advances in health care have led to an increased life expectancy for the older populations. An increasing body of research warns of the need to provide opportunities for older people to develop their potential for physical, mental, and social well-being during the aging process. In this context, universities have incorporated the service-learning (SL) methodology into their curricular and extracurricular programs. They attempt to offer their students experiences that allow them, from their experience and reflection, to advance in knowledge, skills and attitudes toward the older population group. Therefore, this methodology allows linking academic activities with social commitment, involving young people, as genuine agents of social change, in constructing a fairer, more inclusive, and supportive society. Despite the large body of research on the definition and benefits that students generally derive from SL, there are no systematic reviews of the full range of benefits that SL experiences, specifically with older people, provide to all participants. In this context, a rigorous systematic review was conducted by referring to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and based on Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) databases, to answer one research question: What benefits do SL experiences that engage university students with older people, provide to the groups of participants? The analysis of the 28 selected research papers provides insights into the academic literature on the benefits of such experiences. On the one hand, they refer to the integral development of the student. On the other hand, they refer to the intergenerational relationships that promote the well-being of the elderly. Finally, the ethical commitment of the university, residences, agencies, and other organizations is mentioned. As a result, the positive impact on the community is highlighted.
UKF-Based Parameter Estimation and Identification for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Liu Xin , Wang Wenzhuo , Lv Yunling , Yuan Bo , Li Wujing , Li Qiufang , Wang Shijie , Chen Qianchang , Zhang Yi
Published: February 2022

The accuracy of rotor position estimation determines the performance of the sensorless control system of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. In order to realize the accurate control of rotor position and speed, it is necessary to identify the motor parameters. Modeling and simulation of the state estimation are investigated for a permanent magnet synchronous motor with parameter identification based on the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) in this article. Based on the mathematical model of the motor, the unscented Kalman filter is used to identify the rotor flux and quadrature axis inductance simultaneously, and the identified parameters are used to update the motor model in the sensorless vector control algorithm. The simulation results show that the unscented Kalman filter can converge to the real value in a short time with small errors. It can follow the changes of motor parameters well and achieve high-precision speed and position estimation.
Spatial–Temporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Disaster-Induced Grain Yield Loss in China
Authors: Zhao Xiaojing , Deng Guoqu , Xi Yanling
Published: February 2022

The current article aimed to characterize the spatial–temporal characteristics and the driving factors of disaster-induced grain yield loss. Taking the world’s largest agricultural country, China, as the research object, this study evaluated China’s disaster-induced grain yield loss from 1978 to 2019 and investigated the contribution of three driving factors, using a logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) approach. The results showed that drought and flood were the main disasters causing grain yield losses in China. China’s grain disaster loss peaked in 2000 and then entered a declining period. In terms of spatial distribution, disaster-induced grain yield loss mainly concentrated in the regions including the Middle-Lower Yangtze region, the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and Northeast China. The gravity center of disaster-induced grain yield loss shifted northward in China. Disaster intensity contributed the most to change in disaster-induced grain yield loss, followed by yield loss density, and the grain planting area. Thus, addressing drought and flood disasters, and enhancing disaster prevention and reduction capacity are critical to reduce disaster-induced grain yield loss, especially in the Middle-Lower Yangtze, the Huang-Huai-Hai region, and Northeast China.
Establishment and Validation of a 5 m6A RNA Methylation Regulatory Gene Prognostic Model in Low-Grade Glioma
Authors: Bai Zhiqun , Wang Xuemei , Zhang Zhen
Published: February 2022

Background: The prognosis of low-grade glioma (LGG) is different from that of other intracranial tumors. Although many markers of LGG have been established, few are used in clinical practice. M6A methylation significantly affects the biological behavior of LGG tumors. Therefore, establishment of an LGG prognostic model based on m6A methylation regulatory genes is of great interest.

Methods: Data from 495 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 172 patients from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) were analyzed. Univariate Cox analysis was used to identify methylation regulatory genes with prognostic significance. LASSO Cox regression was used to identify prognostic genes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to verify the accuracy of the model. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to identify cellular pathways that were significantly associated with the prognosis of LGG.

Results: A glioma prognostic model based on five methylation regulatory genes was established. Compared with low-risk patients, patients identified as high risk had a poorer prognosis. There was a high degree of consistency between the internal training and internal validation CGGA cohorts and the external validation TCGA cohort. Furthermore, KEGG and GSEA analyses showed that the focal adhesion and cell cycle pathways were significantly upregulated in high-risk patients. This signature could be used to distinguish among patients with different immune checkpoint gene expression levels, which may inform immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy.

Conclusion: We comprehensively evaluated m6A methylation regulatory genes in LGG and constructed a prognostic model based on m6A methylation, which may improve prognostic prediction for patients with LGG.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Novel Therapeutic Strategy Using Fludarabine for Steroid-Resistant Asthma Exacerbation
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Li Xiang , Chen Ling , Hsu Alan Chen-Yu , Asquith Kelly L. , Liu Chi , Laurie Karen , Barr Ian , Foster Paul S. , Yang Ming
Published: February 2022

Virus-induced asthma exacerbation is a health burden worldwide and lacks effective treatment. To better understand the disease pathogenesis and find novel therapeutic targets, we established a mouse model of steroid (dexamethasone (DEX)) resistant asthma exacerbation using ovalbumin (OVA) and influenza virus (FLU) infection. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MC/MS), we performed a shotgun proteomics assay coupled with label-free quantification to define all dysregulated proteins in the lung proteome of asthmatic mice. Compared to control, 71, 89, and 30 proteins were found significantly upregulated by at least two-fold (p-value ≤ 0.05) in OVA-, OVA/FLU-, and OVA/FLU/DEX-treated mice, respectively. We then applied a Z-score transformed hierarchical clustering analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to highlight the key inflammation pathways underlying the disease. Within all these upregulated proteins, 64 proteins were uniquely highly expressed in OVA/FLU mice compared to OVA mice; and 11 proteins were DEX-refractory. IPA assay revealed two of the most enriched pathways associated with these over-expressed protein clusters were those associated with MHC class I (MHC-I) antigen-presentation and interferon (IFN) signaling. Within these pathways, signal-transducer-and-activator-of-transcription-1 (STAT1) protein was identified as the most significantly changed protein contributing to the pathogenesis of exacerbation and the underlying steroid resistance based on the label-free quantification; and this was further confirmed by both Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) proteomics assay and western blots. Further, the pharmacological drug Fludarabine decreased STAT1 expression, restored the responsiveness of OVA/FLU mice to DEX and markedly suppressed disease severity. Taken together, this study describes the proteomic profile underpinning molecular mechanisms of FLU-induced asthma exacerbation and identifies STAT1 as a potential therapeutic target, more importantly, we provided a novel therapeutic strategy that may be clinically translated into practice.
Role of Complement System in Kidney Transplantation: Stepping From Animal Models to Clinical Application
Authors: Qi Ruochen , Qin Weijun
Published: February 2022

Kidney transplantation is a life-saving strategy for patients with end-stage renal diseases. Despite the advances in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive agents, the long-term graft survival remains a challenge. Growing evidence has shown that the complement system, part of the innate immune response, is involved in kidney transplantation. Novel insights highlighted the role of the locally produced and intracellular complement components in the development of inflammation and the alloreactive response in the kidney allograft. In the current review, we provide the updated understanding of the complement system in kidney transplantation. We will discuss the involvement of the different complement components in kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury, delayed graft function, allograft rejection, and chronic allograft injury. We will also introduce the existing and upcoming attempts to improve allograft outcomes in animal models and in the clinical setting by targeting the complement system.
A Thermostable Oral SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Induces Mucosal and Protective Immunity
Authors: Bellier Bertrand , Saura Alicia , Luján Lucas A. , Molina Cecilia R. , Luján Hugo D. , Klatzmann David
Published: February 2022

An ideal protective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 should not only be effective in preventing disease, but also in preventing virus transmission. It should also be well accepted by the population and have a simple logistic chain. To fulfill these criteria, we developed a thermostable, orally administered vaccine that can induce a robust mucosal neutralizing immune response. We used our platform based on retrovirus-derived enveloped virus-like particles (eVLPs) harnessed with variable surface proteins (VSPs) from the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia, affording them resistance to degradation and the triggering of robust mucosal cellular and antibody immune responses after oral administration. We made eVLPs expressing various forms of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (S), with or without membrane protein (M) expression. We found that prime-boost administration of VSP-decorated eVLPs expressing a pre-fusion stabilized form of S and M triggers robust mucosal responses against SARS-CoV-2 in mice and hamsters, which translate into complete protection from a viral challenge. Moreover, they dramatically boosted the IgA mucosal response of intramuscularly injected vaccines. We conclude that our thermostable orally administered eVLP vaccine could be a valuable addition to the current arsenal against SARS-CoV-2, in a stand-alone prime-boost vaccination strategy or as a boost for existing vaccines.