bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Arc Proximity on Hydrothermal Activity Along Spreading Centers: New Evidence From the Mariana Back Arc (12.7°N–18.3°N)
Authors: Baker Edward T. , Walker Sharon L. , Resing Joseph A. , Chadwick William W. , Merle Susan G. , Anderson Melissa O. , Butterfield David A. , Buck Nathan J. , Michael Susanna
Published: November 2017

Back‐arc spreading centers (BASCs) form a distinct class of ocean spreading ridges distinguished by steep along‐axis gradients in spreading rate and by additional magma supplied through subduction. These characteristics can affect the population and distribution of hydrothermal activity on BASCs compared to mid‐ocean ridges (MORs). To investigate this hypothesis, we comprehensively explored 600 km of the southern half of the Mariana BASC. We used water column mapping and seafloor imaging to identify 19 active vent sites, an increase of 13 over the current listing in the InterRidge Database (IRDB), on the bathymetric highs of 7 of the 11 segments. We identified both high and low (i.e., characterized by a weak or negligible particle plume) temperature discharge occurring on segment types spanning dominantly magmatic to dominantly tectonic. Active sites are concentrated on the two southernmost segments, where distance to the adjacent arc is shortest (<40 km), spreading rate is highest (>48 mm/yr), and tectonic extension is pervasive. Re‐examination of hydrothermal data from other BASCs supports the generalization that hydrothermal site density increases on segments <90 km from an adjacent arc. Although exploration quality varies greatly among BASCs, present data suggest that, for a given spreading rate, the mean spatial density of hydrothermal activity varies little between MORs and BASCs. The present global database, however, may be misleading. On both BASCs and MORs, the spatial density of hydrothermal sites mapped by high‐quality water‐column surveys is 2–7 times greater than predicted by the existing IRDB trend of site density versus spreading rate.
Congruent Bifurcation Angles in River Delta and Tributary Channel Networks
Authors: Coffey Thomas S. , Shaw John B.
Published: November 2017

We show that distributary channels on river deltas exhibit a mean bifurcation angle that can be understood using theory developed in tributary channel networks. In certain cases, tributary network bifurcation geometries have been demonstrated to be controlled by diffusive groundwater flow feeding incipient bifurcations, producing a characteristic angle of 72∘. We measured 25 unique distributary bifurcations in an experimental delta and 197 bifurcations in 10 natural deltas, yielding a mean angle of 70.4∘±2.6∘ (95% confidence interval) for field‐scale deltas and a mean angle of 68.3∘±8.7∘ for the experimental delta, consistent with this theoretical prediction. The bifurcation angle holds for small scales relative to channel width length scales. Furthermore, the experimental data show that the mean angle is 72∘ immediately after bifurcation initiation and remains relatively constant over significant time scales. Although distributary networks do not mirror tributary networks perfectly, the similar control and expression of bifurcation angles suggests that additional morphodynamic insight may be gained from further comparative study.
Teleconnection Between Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and European Temperature: Diversity and Evaluation of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Models
Authors: Qasmi Saïd , Cassou Christophe , Boé Julien
Published: November 2017

A realistic simulation of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) and related teleconnections is essential to resolve and understand the potential predictability over Europe at decadal timescale. Based on a large ensemble of state‐of‐the‐art climate models, we show that a considerable intermodel spread exists in the spatiotemporal properties of the simulated AMV and teleconnections with European summer temperature. The greater the persistence, variance, and basin‐scale spatial coherence, the stronger the teleconnection. We demonstrate that only a few members of a few models produce a teleconnection that is consistent with observational estimates over the instrumental period. This highlights the possible extreme nature of the last century teleconnection and/or a detrimental underestimation of ocean‐land teleconnectivity in many climate models. Yet we emphasize the considerable uncertainties due to methods used to disentangle internal and externally forced variations in observations, and to sampling, which must be correctly accounted when analyses are performed on short temporal records.
Regional Changes in Icescape Impact Shelf Circulation and Basal Melting
Authors: Cougnon E. A. , Galton‐Fenzi B. K. , Rintoul S. R. , Legrésy B. , Williams G. D. , Fraser A. D. , Hunter J. R.
Published: November 2017

Ice shelf basal melt is the dominant contribution to mass loss from Antarctic ice shelves. However, the sensitivity of basal melt to changes in icescape (grounded icebergs, ice shelves, and sea ice) and related ocean circulation is poorly understood. Here we simulate the impact of the major 2010 calving event of the Mertz Glacier Tongue (MGT), East Antarctica, and related redistribution of sea ice and icebergs on the basal melt rate of the local ice shelves. We find that the position of the grounded tabular iceberg B9B controls the water masses that reach the nearby ice shelf cavities. After the calving of the MGT and the removal of B9B, warmer water is present both within the MGT cavity and on the continental shelf driving a 57% increase of the deep MGT basal melting. Major changes in icescape influence the oceanic heat flux responsible for basal ice shelf melting.
Toward Seeing the Earth's Interior Through Unbiased Tomographic Lenses
Authors: Zaroli Christophe , Koelemeijer Paula , Lambotte Sophie
Published: November 2017

Geophysical tomographic studies traditionally exploit linear, damped least squares inversion methods. We demonstrate that the resulting models can be locally biased toward lower or higher amplitudes in regions of poor data illumination, potentially causing physical misinterpretations. For example, we show that global model S40RTS is locally biased toward higher amplitudes below isolated receivers where raypaths are quasi‐vertical, such as on Hawaii. This leads to questions on the apparent low‐velocity structure interpreted as the Hawaii hot spot. We prove that a linear Backus‐Gilbert inversion scheme can bring the Earth's interior into focus through unbiased tomographic lenses, as its model estimates are constrained to be averages over the true model. It also efficiently computes the full generalized inverse required to infer both model resolution and its covariance, enabling quantitative interpretations of tomographic models.
Typhoon‐Induced Ground Deformation
Authors: Mouyen M. , Canitano A. , Chao B. F. , Hsu Y.‐J. , Steer P. , Longuevergne L. , Boy J.‐P.
Published: November 2017

Geodetic instruments now offer compelling sensitivity, allowing to investigate how solid Earth and surface processes interact. By combining surface air pressure data, nontidal sea level variations model, and rainfall data, we systematically analyze the volumetric deformation of the shallow crust at seven borehole strainmeters in Taiwan induced by 31 tropical cyclones (typhoons) that made landfall to the island from 2004 to 2013. The typhoon's signature consists in a ground dilatation due to air pressure drop, generally followed by a larger ground compression. We show that this compression phase can be mostly explained by the mass loading of rainwater that falls on the ground and concentrates in the valleys towards the strainmeter sensitivity zone. Further, our analysis shows that borehole strainmeters can help quantifying the amount of rainwater accumulating and flowing over a watershed during heavy rainfalls, which is a useful constraint for building hydrological models.
Submesoscale Sea Ice‐Ocean Interactions in Marginal Ice Zones
Authors: Manucharyan Georgy E. , Thompson Andrew F.
Published: November 2017

Signatures of ocean eddies, fronts, and filaments are commonly observed within marginal ice zones (MIZs) from satellite images of sea ice concentration, and in situ observations via ice‐tethered profilers or underice gliders. However, localized and intermittent sea ice heating and advection by ocean eddies are currently not accounted for in climate models and may contribute to their biases and errors in sea ice forecasts. Here, we explore mechanical sea ice interactions with underlying submesoscale ocean turbulence. We demonstrate that the release of potential energy stored in meltwater fronts can lead to energetic submesoscale motions along MIZs with spatial scales O(10 km) and Rossby numbers O(1). In low‐wind conditions, cyclonic eddies and filaments efficiently trap the sea ice and advect it over warmer surface ocean waters where it can effectively melt. The horizontal eddy diffusivity of sea ice mass and heat across the MIZ can reach O(200 m2 s−1). Submesoscale ocean variability also induces large vertical velocities (order 10 m d−1) that can bring relatively warm subsurface waters into the mixed layer. The ocean‐sea ice heat fluxes are localized over cyclonic eddies and filaments reaching about 100 W m−2. We speculate that these submesoscale‐driven intermittent fluxes of heat and sea ice can contribute to the seasonal evolution of MIZs. With the continuing global warming and sea ice thickness reduction in the Arctic Ocean, submesoscale sea ice‐ocean processes are expected to become increasingly prominent.
A Bayesian‐Based System to Assess Wave‐Driven Flooding Hazards on Coral Reef‐Lined Coasts
Authors: Pearson S. G. , Storlazzi C. D. , van Dongeren A. R. , Tissier M. F. S. , Reniers A. J. H. M.
Published: November 2017

Many low‐elevation, coral reef‐lined, tropical coasts are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, sea level rise, and wave‐induced flooding. The considerable morphological diversity of these coasts and the variability of the hydrodynamic forcing that they are exposed to make predicting wave‐induced flooding a challenge. A process‐based wave‐resolving hydrodynamic model (XBeach Non‐Hydrostatic, “XBNH”) was used to create a large synthetic database for use in a “Bayesian Estimator for Wave Attack in Reef Environments” (BEWARE), relating incident hydrodynamics and coral reef geomorphology to coastal flooding hazards on reef‐lined coasts. Building on previous work, BEWARE improves system understanding of reef hydrodynamics by examining the intrinsic reef and extrinsic forcing factors controlling runup and flooding on reef‐lined coasts. The Bayesian estimator has high predictive skill for the XBNH model outputs that are flooding indicators, and was validated for a number of available field cases. It was found that, in order to accurately predict flooding hazards, water depth over the reef flat, incident wave conditions, and reef flat width are the most essential factors, whereas other factors such as beach slope and bed friction due to the presence or absence of corals are less important. BEWARE is a potentially powerful tool for use in early warning systems or risk assessment studies, and can be used to make projections about how wave‐induced flooding on coral reef‐lined coasts may change due to climate change.
Seasonal Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Carbon Under Complex Circulation Schemes on a Large Continental Shelf: The Northern South China Sea
Authors: Meng Feifei , Dai Minhan , Cao Zhimian , Wu Kai , Zhao Xiaozheng , Li Xiaolin , Chen Junhui , Gan Jianping
Published: November 2017

We examined the distribution and seasonality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) based on a large data set collected from the northern South China Sea (NSCS) shelf under complex circulation schemes influenced by river plume, coastal upwelling, and downwelling. The highest surface values of ∼117 μmol L−1 were observed nearshore in summer suggesting high DOC supplies from the river inputs, whereas the lowest surface values of ∼62 μmol L−1 were on the outer shelf in winter due to entrainment of DOC‐poor subsurface water under strengthened vertical mixing. While the summer coastal upwelling brought lower DOC from offshore depth to the nearshore surface, the winter coastal downwelling delivered higher surface DOC to the midshelf deep waters from the inner shelf fueled by the China Coastal Current (CCC) transporting relatively high DOC from the East China Sea to the NSCS. The intensified winter downwelling generated a cross‐shelf DOC transport of 3.1 × 1012 g C over a large shelf area, which induced a significant depression of the NSCS DOC inventory in winter relative to in autumn. In addition to the variable physical controls, net biological production of DOC was semiquantified in both the river plume (2.8 ± 3.0 μmol L−1) and coastal upwelling (3.1 ± 1.3 μmol L−1) in summer. We demonstrated that the NSCS shelf had various origins of DOC including riverine inputs, inter‐shelf transport and in situ production. Via cross‐shelf transport, the accumulated DOC would be exported to and stored in the deep ocean, suggesting that continental shelves are a potentially effective carbon sink.
Material Behaviours in 3D‐Printed Fashion Items
Authors: Farahi Behnaz
Published: November 2017

New advances in material technologies and 3D printing are giving a whole new definition to the notion of tailoring. Recent projects by Guest‐Editor Behnaz Farahi have developed items of apparel that are not only a perfect fi t for the wearer, but also interact with his or her surroundings with dynamic qualities. Here she describes their production and their unique functionalities – from bending or bristling in reaction to the onlooker's gaze or the wearer's brain activity, to producing light patterns in response to the body's movement.
Bilayer Nanomesh Structures for Transparent Recording and Stimulating Microelectrodes
Authors: Qiang Yi , Seo Kyung Jin , Zhao Xuanyi , Artoni Pietro , Golshan Negar H. , Culaclii Stanislav , Wang Po‐Min , Liu Wentai , Ziemer Katherine S. , Fagiolini Michela , Fang Hui
Published: November 2017

Nanomeshed forms of metal have emerged as a promising biocompatible electrode material for future soft bioelectronics. However, metal/electrolyte interfaces are intrinsically capacitive, severely limiting their electrochemical performance, especially for scaled electrodes, which are essential for high‐resolution brain mapping. Here, an innovative bilayer nanomesh approach is demonstrated to address this limitation while preserving the nanomesh advantage. Electroplating low‐impedance coatings on a gold nanomesh template achieves an impedance < 30 kΩ at 1 kHz and a charge injection limit of 1 mC cm−2 for 80 × 80 µm2 microelectrodes, a 4.3× and 12.8× improvement over uncoated electrodes, respectively, while maintaining a transparency of ≈70% at 550 nm. Systematic characterization of transmittance, impedance, charge injection limits, cyclic charge injection, and light‐induced artifacts reveal an encouraging performance of the bilayer nanomesh microelectrodes. The bilayer nanomesh approach presented here is expected to enable next‐generation large‐scale transparent bioelectronics with broad utility in biology.
Glass‐Like Through‐Plane Thermal Conductivity Induced by Oxygen Vacancies in Nanoscale Epitaxial La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ
Authors: Wu Xuewang , Walter Jeff , Feng Tianli , Zhu Jie , Zheng Hong , Mitchell John F. , Biškup Neven , Varela Maria , Ruan Xiulin , Leighton Chris , Wang Xiaojia
Published: November 2017

Ultrafast time‐domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) is utilized to extract the through‐plane thermal conductivity (ΛLSCO) of epitaxial La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−δ (LSCO) of varying thickness (<20 nm) on LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 substrates. These LSCO films possess ordered oxygen vacancies as the primary means of lattice mismatch accommodation with the substrate, which induces compressive/tensile strain and thus controls the orientation of the oxygen vacancy ordering (OVO). TDTR results demonstrate that the room‐temperature ΛLSCO of LSCO on both substrates (1.7 W m−1 K−1) are nearly a factor of four lower than that of bulk single‐crystal LSCO (6.2 W m−1 K−1). Remarkably, this approaches the lower limit of amorphous oxides (e.g., 1.3 W m−1 K−1 for glass), with no dependence on the OVO orientation. Through theoretical simulations, origins of the glass‐like thermal conductivity of LSCO are revealed as a combined effect resulting from oxygen vacancies (the dominant factor), Sr substitution, size effects, and the weak electron/phonon coupling within the LSCO film. The absence of OVO dependence in the measured ΛLSCO is rationalized by two main effects: (1) the nearly isotropic phononic thermal conductivity resulting from the imperfect OVO planes when δ is small; (2) the missing electronic contribution to ΛLSCO along the through‐plane direction for these ultrathin LSCO films on insulating substrates.
Stretchable Electrode Based on Laterally Combed Carbon Nanotubes for Wearable Energy Harvesting and Storage Devices
Authors: Hong Seungki , Lee Jongsu , Do Kyungsik , Lee Minbaek , Kim Ji Hoon , Lee Sangkyu , Kim Dae‐Hyeong
Published: November 2017

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a promising material for use as a flexible electrode in wearable energy devices due to their electrical conductivity, soft mechanical properties, electrochemical activity, and large surface area. However, their electrical resistance is higher than that of metals, and deformations such as stretching can lead to deterioration of electrical performances. To address these issues, here a novel stretchable electrode based on laterally combed CNT networks is presented. The increased percolation between combed CNTs provides a high electrical conductivity even under mechanical deformations. Additional nickel electroplating and serpentine electrode designs increase conductivity and deformability further. The resulting stretchable electrode exhibits an excellent sheet resistance, which is comparable to conventional metal film electrodes. The resistance change is minimal even when stretched by ≈100%. Such high conductivity and deformability in addition to intrinsic electrochemically active property of CNTs enable high performance stretchable energy harvesting (wireless charging coil and triboelectric generator) and storage (lithium ion battery and supercapacitor) devices. Monolithic integration of these devices forms a wearable energy supply system, successfully demonstrating its potential as a novel soft power supply module for wearable electronics.
Efficiency Enhancement of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube‐Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Using Microwave‐Exfoliated Few‐Layer Black Phosphorus
Authors: Bat‐Erdene Munkhjargal , Batmunkh Munkhbayar , Tawfik Sherif Abdulkader , Fronzi Marco , Ford Michael J. , Shearer Cameron J. , Yu LePing , Dadkhah Mahnaz , Gascooke Jason R. , Gibson Christopher T. , Shapter Joseph G.
Published: November 2017

Carbon nanotube‐silicon (CNT‐Si)‐based heterojunction solar cells (HJSCs) are a promising photovoltaic (PV) system. Herein, few‐layer black phosphorus (FL‐BP) sheets are produced in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) using microwave‐assisted liquid‐phase exfoliation and introduced into the CNTs‐Si‐based HJSCs for the first time. The NMP‐based FL‐BP sheets remain stable after mixing with aqueous CNT dispersion for device fabrication. Due to their unique 2D structure and p‐type dominated conduction, the FL‐BP/NMP incorporated CNT‐Si devices show an impressive improvement in the power conversion efficiency from 7.52% (control CNT‐Si cell) to 9.37%. Our density‐functional theory calculation reveals that lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of FL‐BP is higher in energy than that of single‐walled CNT. Therefore, we observed a reduction in the orbitals localized on FL‐BP upon highest occupied molecular orbital to LUMO transition, which corresponds to an improved charge transport. This study opens a new avenue in utilizing 2D phosphorene nanosheets for next‐generation PVs.
Nickel/Zinc Iodide Co‐catalytic Asymmetric [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Azabenzonorbornadienes with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Chen Jingchao , Xu Xin , He Zhenxiu , Qin Hongyu , Sun Weiqing , Fan Baomin
Published: November 2017

The asymmetric [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of alkenes with alkynes are interesting as it has provided a powerful method for the construction of fused and strained cyclobutenes with multiple chiral centers. In this paper, we report the establishment of a dual catalysts system comprising nickel and zinc, which allowed the asymmetric [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of azabenzonorbornadienes with terminal alkynes in good yields and excellent enantioselectivities.

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Lewis Basicity of Water for a Selective Monodehalogenation of α,α‐Dihalo Ketones to α‐Halo Ketones and Mechanistic Study
Authors: Sadhukhan Santu , Baire Beeraiah
Published: November 2017

The Lewis base character of the greenest reagent water has been explored with regard to its nucleophilic property for an organic transformation. Utilizing this concept, a new strategy for the highly controlled and selective mono‐dehalogenation of α,α‐dihalo ketones has been discovered and is reported in this contribution. Extending this concept, the first direct conversion of propargylic acetates to the corresponding α‐iodo ketones via α,α‐dihalo ketones has also been efficiently achieved under metal‐free conditions. During the latter process, water has been concurrently employed as a nucleophile and a Lewis base. This may be the first report of the employment of this type of dual reactivity of water in the context of organic synthesis. Control experiments support the involvement of the enolate as an intermediate during the monodehalogneation process.

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The grand challenge of great ape health and conservation in the anthropocene
Authors: Travis Dominic A. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Gillespie Thomas R.
Published: November 2017

“Ecosystem Health recognizes the inherent interdependence of the health of humans, animals and ecosystems and explores the perspectives, theories and methodologies emerging at the interface between ecological and health sciences.” This broad focus requires new approaches and methods for solving problems of greater complexity at larger scales than ever before. Nowhere is this point more salient than the case of disease emergence and control at the human‐non human primate interface in shrinking tropical forests under great anthropogenic pressure. This special edition brings together transdisciplinary experts who have created successful partnerships leading to advances in ecosystem approaches to health for wild ape populations with relevance to all developing country tropical forest environments. It is no coincidence that the advances herein highlight two long term health projects—the Gombe Ecosystem Health Project (Gombe National Park, Tanzania), and the Taï Chimpanzee Project (TCP) in Côte d'Ivoire—since standardizing and validating noninvasive disease surveillance, risk assessment and management methods presents a special series of challenges where time is a major factor. Advances highlighted in this addition include: health surveillance and monitoring, health risk analysis, field immobilization and interventions, human‐NHP networks/interfaces, diagnostic tool development, and cutting edge molecular and genetic techniques.
The evolution of cranial base and face in Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea: Modularity and morphological integration
Authors: Profico Antonio , Piras Paolo , Buzi Costantino , Di Vincenzo Fabio , Lattarini Flavio , Melchionna Marina , Veneziano Alessio , Raia Pasquale , Manzi Giorgio
Published: November 2017

The evolutionary relationship between the base and face of the cranium is a major topic of interest in primatology. Such areas of the skull possibly respond to different selective pressures. Yet, they are often said to be tightly integrated. In this paper, we analyzed shape variability in the cranial base and the facial complex in Cercopithecoidea and Hominoidea. We used a landmark‐based approach to single out the effects of size (evolutionary allometry), morphological integration, modularity, and phylogeny (under Brownian motion) on skull shape variability. Our results demonstrate that the cranial base and the facial complex exhibit different responses to different factors, which produces a little degree of morphological integration between them. Facial shape variation appears primarily influenced by body size and sexual dimorphism, whereas the cranial base is mostly influenced by functional factors. The different adaptations affecting the two modules suggest they are best studied as separate and independent units, and that—at least when dealing with Catarrhines—caution must be posed with the notion of strong cranial integration that is commonly invoked for the evolution of their skull shape.
Triazaphospholenium‐tetrafluoroborat: das Phosphoranalogon eines von 1,2,3‐Triazol abgeleiteten Carbens
Authors: Papke Martin , Dettling Lea , Sklorz Julian A. W. , Szieberth Dénes , Nyulászi László , Müller Christian
Published: November 2017

3H‐1,2,3,4‐Triazaphosphole können selektiv mit dem Meerwein‐Reagens am nukleophilsten Stickstoffatom alkyliert werden. Nach dem Konzept der Valenzisoelektronie repräsentiert der entsprechende Phosphorheterocyclus das erste formale Phosphoranalogon der bekannten 1,2,3‐Triazolylide (mesoionische Carbene). Rechnungen ergeben, dass das Kation im Triazaphospholenium‐tetrafluoroborat ein aromatisches System mit hoher π‐Konjugation aufweist. Erste Untersuchungen zeigen, dass der kationische Phosphorheterocyclus ein [Cu2Br4]2−‐Dianion unter Bildung einer neutralen Koordinationsverbindung stabilisieren kann. Diese weist eine ungewöhnliche Bindungssituation zwischen den Phosphor‐ und Kupfer(I)‐Atomen auf.
Triazaphospholenium Tetrafluoroborate: A Phosphorus Analogue of a 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Derived Carbene
Authors: Papke Martin , Dettling Lea , Sklorz Julian A. W. , Szieberth Dénes , Nyulászi László , Müller Christian
Published: November 2017

3H‐1,2,3,4‐Triazaphosphole derivatives can be selectively alkylated with Meerwein's reagent at the most nucleophilic nitrogen atom. According to the principle of valence isoelectronicity, the corresponding phosphorus heterocycle represents the first formal phosphorus analogue of the well‐known 1,2,3‐triazolylidenes (mesoionic carbenes). Theoretical calculations revealed that the cation in triazaphospholenium tetrafluoroborate is an aromatic system with a high degree of π‐conjugation. First investigations showed that the cationic phosphorus heterocycle can stabilize a [Cu2Br4]2− dianion by formation of a neutral coordination compound with an unusual bonding situation between phosphorus and copper(I).
The value of small, natural and man‐made wetlands for bird diversity in the east Colombian Piedmont
Authors: Murillo‐Pacheco Johanna , López‐Iborra Germán M. , Escobar Federico , Bonilla‐Rojas Wilian Fernando , Verdú José R.
Published: November 2017

Small wetlands are considered a refuge for biodiversity, but the importance of natural and man‐made lentic wetlands for the maintenance of bird diversity in human‐dominated landscapes is not well‐known in the Neotropics.

This study evaluated the influence of the types and origins (natural or man‐made) of lentic wetlands on bird diversity of three guilds (aquatic, semi‐aquatic and landbirds) in the Meta Piedmont, Colombia.

The species richness and the structure and composition of each bird guild were estimated and compared between and within wetland types (swamps, heronries, rice fields, semi‐natural lakes, constructed lakes and fish farms) and origins (natural, mixed and artificial).

In total, 275 bird species were recorded (196 landbirds, 60 aquatic birds and 19 semi‐aquatic birds). Local species richness had a wide variation (39 to 144 species), and total and mean richness were significantly different between among wetland types and origins. Semi‐natural lakes were the most diverse wetland type, and heronries were the least diverse. Mixed‐origin wetlands had the highest species richness. The cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) was the most abundant species, while heronries and rice fields showed the greatest total bird abundance.

Bird diversity is strongly related to type and origin of wetlands, with significant variations in species composition among different types, which show high local and landscape heterogeneity.

It is suggested that small lentic wetlands, whether natural, mixed or artificial, are important for the maintenance of local and regional bird diversity. Conservation and management actions are required to preserve wetland heterogeneity and the birds associated with it.
Synthesis of Naphthyridine Dimers with Conformational Restriction and Binding to DNA and RNA
Authors: Nakatani Kazuhiko , Natsuhara Nozomi , Mori Yuki , Mukherjee Sanjukta , Das Bimolendu , Murata Asako
Published: November 2017

One of the important determinants in the efficiency of a molecular interaction is the necessity for conformational changes in host and/or guest molecules upon binding. In small‐molecule interactions with nucleic acids, conformational changes on both molecules are often involved, especially in intercalating binding. Mismatch binding ligands (MBLs) we described here consist of two heterocycles that predominantly exist in one conformation, so it is of interest to determine if such molecules can bind to any DNA and RNA structures. One molecule, 1‐NHR, which predominantly exists as the unstacked conformation in aqueous solvent, has been successfully synthesized and characterized. Compound 1‐NHR did not efficiently bind to GX/Y DNA and RNA sequences, but the binding pattern is different from that of authentic MBL naphthyridine carbamate dimer. In vitro selection of RNA that specifically binds to 1‐NHR was performed from pre‐miR‐29a loop library RNA, and one RNA, to which 1‐NHR bound with high affinity, has been successfully identified. Although it was anticipated that 1‐NHR, with a predominantly unstacked conformation, would show entropy‐driven binding, isothermal titration calorimetry analysis suggested that the binding of 1‐NHR to RNA was enthalpy driven with an apparent Kd of about 100 nm.
Ermüdung von Elementdecken mit Gitterträgern
Authors: Wieneke Katrin , van Elten Lukas , Claßen Martin , Hegger Josef
Published: November 2017

Der Einsatz von Elementdecken mit Gitterträgern unter Ermüdungsbelastung ist durch Regelwerke stark eingeschränkt oder ausgeschlossen. Die Geometrie der für Ermüdungsbeanspruchung zugelassenen Gitterträger als Kombination aus gekrümmten und punktgeschweißten glatten Betonstählen erlaubt keine Ermüdungsnachweise mit den in EC2+NA(D) festgelegten Wöhlerlinien. Der Ermüdungsnachweis nach den Allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassungen der Gitterträger (AbZ) wird auf einen vereinfachten Nachweis der zulässigen Schwingbreite begrenzt, was die Anwendung im Industriebau mit Gabelstaplerbetrieb stark einschränkt oder im Brückenbau ausschließt.

In einem Forschungsvorhaben der Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen (AiF) am Institut für Massivbau der RWTH Aachen (IMB) wurden Kleinkörperversuche an einbetonierten Gitterträgerdiagonalen unter zyklischer Beanspruchung durchgeführt [1–3]. Durch systematische Auswertung der Versuche wurden Vorschläge für Wöhlerlinien hergeleitet und mit den Schwingbreiten aus Ermüdungsversuchen an Elementdecken mit Gitterträgern verglichen.
A novel spectrofluorimetric method for determination of imatinib in pure, pharmaceutical preparation, human plasma, and human urine
Authors: Zidan Dalia W. , Hassan Wafaa S. , Elmasry Manal S. , Shalaby Abdalla A.
Published: November 2017

The following paper represents a simple, highly sensitive, responsive validated and developed spectrofluorimetric method for estimation of imatinib (IMB) in its pure, commercial preparation, human urine and human blood plasma. The calibration curve was in the range 4–900 ng ml−1 for pure form and urine and 8–900 ng ml−1 for plasma in a medium contains carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and acetate buffer (pH 5) with excitation wavelength (λex) 230 nm and emission wavelength (λem) 307 nm. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.37 ng ml−1 for the pure form, 0.64 ng ml−1 for human urine, and 0.70 ng ml−1 for human plasma, while the limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 1.2 for pure form, 1.91 for urine and 2.1 for plasma. The suggested method was successfully applied for evaluation of IMB in tablets within 99% mean percentage recovery. The excipients that are usually used as additives in pharmaceutical dosage form did not interfere with the suggested method. The method was efficiently used for estimation of IMB in human urine and human plasma. The effect of some cations that might be present in urine and plasma was also studied. The method was also focused on human volunteers and in vitro drug release.
Newly developed atrial fibrillation progresses to a more severe INTERMACS score in a patient with advanced heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Saito Akihito , Amiya Eisuke , Hatano Masaru , Hosoya Yumiko , Maki Hisataka , Nitta Daisuke , Minatsuki Shun , Watanabe Masafumi , Komuro Issei
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical Message

We have presented a case of advanced HF, in which newly developed AF hastened the timing of the implantation of mechanical support. Newly developed AF in advanced HF may be intractable by medical therapies and could be a key event that determines the timing of mechanical support.
Omega‐3‐Fettsäuren in Schülerlabor und Unterricht
Authors: Seel Matthias , Huwer Johannes , Luxenburger‐Becker Heike , Hempelmann Rolf , Eilks Ingo , Garner Nicole , Siol Antje
Published: November 2017

Omega‐3‐Fettsäuren gelten als Inbegriff gesunder Ernährung; die damit zusammenhängende Oleochemie weist somit einen unmittelbaren Alltagsbezug auf. Die Thematik kann chemisches Fachwissen und chemisches Experimentieren mit dem Kontext Ernährung aber auch mit bedeutenden Aspekten der Nachhaltigkeit verbinden, wie nachwachsenden Rohstoffen, Ressourceneffizienz und umweltintegrierter Produktionstechnik. Dieser Artikel stellt einen experimentellen Zugang zu Omega‐3‐Fettsäuren vor, wie er von uns für ein Schülerlabormodul entwickelt wurde, wie er aber auch in der Schule eingesetzt werden kann.
Synthesis and Photocatalysis of Zn0.97‐xCu0.03CexO Powders
Authors: Zheng Jiahong , Li Chunxiang
Published: November 2017

Cu and Ce co‐doped ZnO powder has been carried out by sol‐gel method in order to gain high performance photocatalyst. The structures, morphologies and photocatalytic properties of resultant (Zn0.97‐xCu0.03CexO, x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.10) have been investigated by XRD, SEM and the degradation rate of methyl orange. XRD analyses evidenced that the increase of Ce doping concentration will lead to the decrease of the crystal quality of Zn0.97‐xCu0.03CexO powders. SEM indicated that the uniformity of particle size and the increase of the dispersion property of the doped sample will be beneficial to the suspension dispersion of the catalyst. At the same time, it can also promote the catalyst absorption of light and reactant molecules. Photocatalytic analysis showed the total degradation rate is close to one time function distribution with time, and the photocatalytic effect is obviously enhanced.
Preparation of Monodisperse ε‐Fe2O3 Nanoparticles by Crystal Structural Transformation
Authors: Nakaya Masafumi , Nishida Ryo , Hosoda Natsumi , Muramatsu Atsushi
Published: November 2017

Monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles in the ε‐Fe2O3 phase, which is the rare orthorhombic phase among the four crystal systems of Fe2O3, are prepared via crystal structural transformation induced by heat treatment of SiO2‐coated monodisperse FeO nanoparticles. The mean diameter of the resulting ε‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles is 41.0 ± 4.2 nm. Compared with the as‐synthesized 40.9 ± 3.8 nm‐FeO nanoparticles, which are used as the precursor, the size and size distribution of the nanoparticles remain almost unchanged after heat treatment. By optimizing the thickness of the SiO2 shell, coalescence of the nanoparticles during heat treatment can be prevented. XRD measurements do not detect the α‐Fe2O3 phase and γ‐Fe2O3 phase in the obtained sample. The resulting ε‐Fe2O3 nanoparticles exhibit a high coercivity of 23.4 kOe at room temperature.
The Production of Cu Nanoparticles on Large Area Graphene by Sputtering and in‐Flight Sintering
Authors: Ünlü C. Gökhan , Acet Mehmet , Tekgül Atakan , Farle Michael , Atakan Şaban , Lindner Jürgen
Published: November 2017

We have developed a simple method to synthesize Cu nanoparticles on graphene, which is a composite that is currently investigated for use as biosensors. Firstly, large area graphene (2 × 2 cm2) was prepared by chemical vapor deposition on Cu foils and then transferred onto SiO2 substrates by a transfer process. The Cu nanoparticles were collected on graphene/SiO2 by magnetron sputtering. The presence of graphene was verified by optical microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The structure of graphene decorated with Cu nanoparticles was determined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the Cu nanoparticles acquire a cubic structure on graphene.
Clinical and histopathological effects of heart failure drug therapy in advanced heart failure patients on chronic mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Catino Anna B. , Ferrin Peter , Wever‐Pinzon James , Horne Benjamin D. , Wever‐Pinzon Omar , Kfoury Abdallah G. , McCreath Lauren , Diakos Nikolaos A. , McKellar Stephen , Koliopoulou Antigone , Bonios Michael J. , Al‐Sarie Mohammad , Taleb Iosif , Dranow Elizabeth , Fang James C. , Drakos Stavros G.
Published: November 2017

Aims

Adjuvant heart failure (HF) drug therapy in patients undergoing chronic mechanical circulatory support (MCS) is often used in conjunction with a continuous‐flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD), but its potential impact is not well defined. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of conventional HF drug therapy on myocardial structure and function, peripheral organ function and the incidence of adverse events in the setting of MCS.

Methods and results

Patients with chronic HF requiring LVAD support were prospectively enrolled. Paired myocardial tissue samples were obtained prior to LVAD implantation and at transplantation for histopathology. The Meds group comprised patients treated with neurohormonal blocking therapy (concurrent beta‐blocker, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker, and aldosterone antagonist), and the No Meds group comprised patients on none of these. Both the Meds (n = 37) and No Meds (n = 44) groups experienced significant improvements in cardiac structure and function over the 6 months following LVAD implantation. The degree of improvement was greater in the Meds group, including after adjustment for baseline differences. There were no differences between the two groups in arrhythmias, end‐organ injury, or neurological events. In patients with high baseline pre‐LVAD myocardial fibrosis, treatment with HF drug therapy was associated with a reduction in fibrosis.

Conclusions

Clinical and histopathological evidence showed that adjuvant HF drug therapy was associated with additional favourable effects on the structure and function of the unloaded myocardium that extended beyond the beneficial effects attributed to LVAD‐induced unloading alone. Adjuvant HF drug therapy did not influence the incidence of major post‐LVAD adverse events during the follow‐up period.
The effects of health facility access and quality on family planning decisions in urban Senegal
Authors: Cronin Christopher J. , Guilkey David K. , Speizer Ilene S.
Published: November 2017

Research in developing countries is rarely focused on examining how supply side factors affect family planning decisions due to a lack of facility‐level data. When these data exist, analyses tend to focus on rural environments. In this paper, we study the effects that health facility access and quality have on contraceptive use and desired number of children for women in urban Senegal. Unlike related studies focusing on rural environments, we find no evidence that greater access to health facilities and pharmacies increases contraceptive use among urban women. However, we do find that contraceptive use among urban women is higher with greater facility quality. For example, we find that increasing the proportion of pharmacies employing multiple pharmacists from 0% to 50% would increase contraceptive use by 6.0 percentage points, and increasing the proportion of facilities with family planning guidelines/protocols from 50% to 100% would increase use by 2.1 percentage points.
Impact of intraoperative blood salvage on monocyte subsets alteration and intracellular tumor necrosis factor‐α production
Authors: Bomberg Hagen , Volk Thomas , Biedler Andreas , Schneider Sven O.
Published: November 2017

Intraoperative salvaged blood is used to reduce allogeneic blood transfusion in orthopedic surgery patients. However, salvaged blood reinfusion may lead to immune reactions. Salvaged and venous blood from 20 patients undergoing hip arthroplasty was processed. The salvaged samples were mixed with patients’ venous blood and incubated in absence or presence of lipopolysaccharide. Samples: Venous: venous patient blood (n = 20). Native: mixed salvaged native blood (n = 20). Filtered: mixed salvaged leukocyte filtered blood (n = 20). Irradiated: mixed salvaged irradiated blood (n = 20). The frequency of the surface receptors CD14, HLA‐DR, and intracellular tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α on peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis. The frequency of unstimulated CD14low and CD14high cells as well as unstimulated HLA‐DR and TNF‐α positive monocytes was comparable between venous and filtered salvaged blood. However, native and irradiated salvaged blood increased compared with venous (p < 0.05) and filtered salvaged blood (p < 0.05) for unstimulated CD14low cells, HLA‐DR, and TNF‐α positive monocytes. Stimulated intracellular TNF‐α positive monocytes were decreased in native, filtered, and irradiated salvaged blood compared with venous blood (p < 0.05). Processing perioperative salvaged blood with leukofiltration minimizes the influence on monocytes activation compared with native and irradiated salvaged blood. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 815–821, 2018.
Tokyo Guidelines 2018: surgical management of acute cholecystitis: safe steps in laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis (with videos)
Authors: Wakabayashi Go , Iwashita Yukio , Hibi Taizo , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Asbun Horacio J. , Endo Itaru , Umezawa Akiko , Asai Koji , Suzuki Kenji , Mori Yasuhisa , Okamoto Kohji , Pitt Henry A. , Han Ho‐Seong , Hwang Tsann‐Long , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Yoon Dong‐Sup , Choi In‐Seok , Huang Wayne Shih‐Wei , Giménez Mariano Eduardo , Garden O. James , Gouma Dirk J. , Belli Giulio , Dervenis Christos , Jagannath Palepu , Chan Angus C. W. , Lau Wan Yee , Liu Keng‐Hao , Su Cheng‐Hsi , Misawa Takeyuki , Nakamura Masafumi , Horiguchi Akihiko , Tagaya Nobumi , Fujioka Shuichi , Higuchi Ryota , Shikata Satoru , Noguchi Yoshinori , Ukai Tomohiko , Yokoe Masamichi , Cherqui Daniel , Honda Goro , Sugioka Atsushi , de Santibañes Eduardo , Supe Avinash Nivritti , Tokumura Hiromi , Kimura Taizo , Yoshida Masahiro , Mayumi Toshihiko , Kitano Seigo , Inomata Masafumi , Hirata Koichi , Sumiyama Yoshinobu , Inui Kazuo , Yamamoto Masakazu
Published: November 2017

In some cases, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) may be difficult to perform in patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) with severe inflammation and fibrosis. The Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) expand the indications for LC under difficult conditions for each level of severity of AC. As a result of expanding the indications for LC to treat AC, it is absolutely necessary to avoid any increase in bile duct injury (BDI), particularly vasculo‐biliary injury (VBI), which is known to occur at a certain rate in LC. Since the Tokyo Guidelines 2013 (TG13), an attempt has been made to assess intraoperative findings as objective indicators of surgical difficulty; based on expert consensus on these difficulty indicators, bail‐out procedures (including conversion to open cholecystectomy) have been indicated for cases in which LC for AC is difficult to perform. A bail‐out procedure should be chosen if, when the Calot's triangle is appropriately retracted and used as a landmark, a critical view of safety (CVS) cannot be achieved because of the presence of nondissectable scarring or severe fibrosis. We propose standardized safe steps for LC to treat AC. To achieve a CVS, it is vital to dissect at a location above (on the ventral side of) the imaginary line connecting the base of the left medial section (Segment 4) and the roof of Rouvière's sulcus and to fulfill the three criteria of CVS before dividing any structures. Achieving a CVS prevents the misidentification of the cystic duct and the common bile duct, which are most commonly confused. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.
Polydeoxyribonucleotide improves tendon healing following achilles tendon injury in rats
Authors: Kang Shin Hyuk , Choi Min Seok , Kim Han Koo , Kim Woo Seob , Bae Tae Hui , Kim Mi Kyung , Chang Seung Hwan
Published: November 2017

Tendon injuries are major musculoskeletal disorders. Polydeoxyribonucleotide activates the adenosine receptor subtype A2A, resulting in tissue growth and neogenesis. This experimental study confirms that polydeoxyribonucleotide can improve secretion of various growth factors, promote collagen synthesis, and restore tensile strength of the Achilles tendon in a rat model with Achilles tendon injury. Thirty‐six male Sprague‐Dawley rats, aged 7 weeks, were divided into two groups, and the Achilles tendon was transected and repaired using the modified Kessler's method. In the experimental group (n = 18), the rats received daily intraperitoneal administration of polydeoxyribonucleotide (8 mg/kg/day for 1, 2, or 4 weeks). The control groups received the same amount of normal saline. The rats were euthanized at 1, 2, and 4 weeks, and tissues from the repair site were harvested. The cross‐sectional area of the tendon was significantly increased at 2 and 4 weeks in polydeoxyribonucleotide group (p = 0.008 and p = 0.017, respectively). Moreover, tendons in the polydeoxyribonucleotide group were more resistant to mechanical stress at 2 and 4 weeks (p = 0.041 and p = 0.041, respectively). The staining levels of collagen type I in the experimental group were significantly stronger at 2 and 4 weeks (p = 0.026 and p = 0.009, respectively). Furthermore, higher expression levels of fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor β1 were detected in the experimental group at 4 weeks (p = 0.041, p = 0.026, and p = 0.041, respectively). This study confirms that polydeoxyribonucleotide can improve the tensile strength of the rats’ Achilles tendon following injury and repair. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1767–1776, 2018.