bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Man Who Does Not Sell
Authors: Meddegoda Nishadi
Published: November 2021

This paper focuses on one of the skilled individuals who invented a number of musical
instruments which are not intended to be used or experienced by others. The instrument maker
lives in an outskirt of Kandy. He has crafted many new musical instruments in addition to the
replicas of musical instruments used for pop music. He articulates that he crafted these
instruments not for earning money or to become popular as a good craftsman or musician but for
his own personal satisfaction. The extended discussion with him implied that It is not that “he
just makes instruments for his own satisfaction” but there are other reasons tied together with his
background, crafting skills and musical interests, opinions about the society and his world view.
In this research, his views on music, musical instrument playing, crafting and commoditization
of musical instruments are explored. previous literature on organology, musical instrument
making, and some socio-musicological studies are investigated in this regard as well as personal
interviews with the craftsman were conducted in order to gather information that will be finally
discussed. This research may provide some insights towards the future of creative arts and an
un-industrialization of instrumental music, which can be seen as a contribution to sustaining
human societies.
Re-invention through Recycling: Tharanga Beraya
Authors: Tilakaratna W.M.D.A.L.B.
Published: November 2021

Sri Lanka is a country where the coconut plant (Cocos nuceifera) is of utmost
importance to daily activities. However, while the coconut fruit is used in meals every
day, the shell is usually discarded in modern times. This is a case study that aims to
investigate the modern application of the usually discarded object, the coconut shell,
within a musical instrument and the quality and feasibility of such a musical
instrument. First, the importance of the coconut plant in Sri Lankan culture and daily
life is to be discussed, through which, the historic application of coconut shells as a
raw material to construct musical instruments is to be investigated. Leading on to
question the modern use of coconut shells as such, a selected instrument, the tharanga
beraya was then investigated. Finally, comparisons of this to the traditional percussion
instrument, the thammattama, was considered. While this research is qualitative in
nature, discussions and field observations were used as a primary source and the
relevant texts and articles on matters were used as secondary sources of information.
Audio-video techniques were used to document the relevant data. Conclusions and
thoughts on the future for this instrument were brought out in the end.
Instrumental Ambient Music and Musical Entertainment in Sri Lankan Tourism
Authors: Meddegoda Chinthaka Prageeth
Published: November 2021

This research explores how instrumental music has been used as ambient music in selected
popular tourist places in Sri Lanka. The domain of the study is confined within the coastal areas
in Western Province where tourism is active at present.
The places of catering, fast food, and various eateries and drinks have facilitated certain ambient
music which is mostly chosen purposefully to attract and to entertain the guests. There must be
a certain joint feature of opinions among food entertainers on matching food taste with
instrumental music. The main purpose of this study is to explore how Sri Lankan food
entertainers facilitate instrumental music to attract and to entertain their guests while consuming
food and other attractions.
Under the given circumstances of fading large scale tourist business, local business is still
flourishing. The choice of entertainment might have been changed. Also, many online
possibilities were created by using ambient music. All these current changes need to be
considered while analysing collected material.
This short-term research is seeking answers to the following questions: How are tourist demands
assessed? Who is involved in decision-making about the repertoire, presentation, and
arrangement? How is quality output controlled? Which kind of feedback from various
participants (audience/ musicians/ organizers) may lead to corrections?
The main method is interviewing and surveying. The surveys have to be carefully created and
they have to include basic elements about formal and informal music education, peer behavior,
and expectations of supervising companies or institutions.
Decolourisation of Sewage using Commercial Tannin-Based Coagulant
Authors:   Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA, Ibrahim Azreen , Lamaming Junidah ,   Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA, Nakolas Lorita ,   Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA, Jinus Vielyn ,   Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA, Yaser Abu Zahrim ,   Chemical Engineering Programme, Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, MALAYSIA
Published: November 2021

In this work, the effectiveness of removing colour and total suspended solid (TSS) from complex organic particulate artificial sewage (COPAS) via the coagulation process was studied. Organo-floc (OF), a tannin-based coagulant derived from the plant was used as a coagulant. OF was applied in a jar test experiment at the various dosages at 57 rpm for 5 min, and 30 min sedimentation time to find out the optimum dosage for colour and TSS removal. Zeta potential, pH and conductivity were also analysed. Experiment with tannin dosage of 125 ppm resulted in the highest colour and TSS removal of 94% and 79%, respectively. Organo-floc showed promising results in decolourisation and TSS removal from artificial sewage.
Russia and Sanctions: The Transformational Domestic and International Effects of Unilateral Restrictive Measures
Authors: Likhacheva Anastasia
Published: November 2021

Most studies of the US, EU and Ukraine’s sanctions against Russia and Russian counter sanctions focus on their immediate and intended effects and apply these to make judgements about their efficacy. However, the complex consequences of sanctions go far beyond the target countries’ immediate reactions, as sanctions have positive and negative spillover effects that are rarely acknowledged in official discourse, which focuses on issues of the sanction regimes’ legitimacy and effectiveness. Vulnerability to sanctions leads target countries to reposition their domestic and international priorities. This article will examine three critical ‘collateral effects’ of Western sanctions and Russian counter sanctions. First, they serve as a catalyst for Moscow’s efforts to diversify economic relationship through international projects such as the EAEU, BRICS, and the “Pivot to the East.” Second, they have triggered more risk-sensitive policies in the provision of national economic security, particularly when it comes to finance. Finally, they serve as a transformational tool for national development strategies both at the industrial and regional levels.
KESADARAN LINGKUNGAN DI TENGAH PANDEMI COVID-19 DALAM FILM DIAM DAN DENGARKAN
Authors: Maya Mayadasari , Dharta Firdaus Yuni , Ramdani Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Kesadaran lingkungan adalah pemikiran seseorang atau kelompok yang terwujud dalam sikap yang mendukung pelestarian alam. Tanpa kesadaran untuk menjaga lingkungan, kondisi alam akan terus memprihatinkan. Melihat keadaan lingkungan saat ini, produser Mahatma Putra menggunakan peluang ini untuk membuat film dokumenter “Diam dan Dengarkan” yang memaparkan berbagai fakta dampak-dampak aktivitas manusia sehari-hari yang merusak lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui makna kesadaran lingkungan di tengah pandemi covid-19 dalam film Diam dan Dengarkan dengan metode kualitatif dan analisis semiotika Roland Barthes. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Pokok permasalahan dari penelitian ini mengacu pada penyampaian pesan kesadaran lingkungan dalam film dokumenter Diam dan Dengarkan. Adapun hasilnya yaitu, makna kesadaran lingkungan di tengah pandemi covid-19 tidak disampaikan langsung, melainkan melalui dialog dan gambar yang memperlihatkan kerusakan lingkungan diakibatkan oleh aktivitas masyarakat sehari-hari yang tidak disadari, seperti polusi air oleh busa, pandangan masyarakat pedalaman tentang konsep kulkas, serta pandemi covid-19 memberi jeda untuk bumi berbicara melalui kebijakan karantina mandiri.
MOTIVASI DAN KONTROL DIRI PADA REMAJA PENGGEMAR K-POP (KPOPERS) (Studi Deskriptif pada Komunitas dance coverCall Team Karawang)
Authors: Ratnasari Isah , Mayasari  , Ema
Published: November 2021

Akun yang bernama @aeyroses mengatakan bahwa “Pantas akun Korea, ternyata kedok dari kegoblokan. Hehe” Kasus tersebut menjadi perbicangan hangat di twitter. K-Popers sering sekali mendapat intimidasi dari seseorang yang tidak menyukai kesukaannya terhadap idola Korea, hampir setiap kasus dan setiap hari pasti ada saja yang menyinggung K-Popers di sosial media. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan secara lebih mendalam tentang motivasi dan kontrol diri pada remaja penggemar k-pop (k-popers) pada komunitas call team Karawang. Metode penelitian menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan empat subjek remaja yang merupakan anggota aktif komunitas call team Karawang yang merupakan penggemar k-pop aktif serta mengikuti perkembangan k-pop dan memiliki sejumlah prestasi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data, diperoleh dari berbagai sumber akan di olah dalam bentuk deskriptif hingga akan menghasilkan kesimpulan dari topik yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kegiatan yang dilakukan empat subjek adalah latihan untuk membawakan ulang gerakan yang akan ditarikan ulang, aktif dalam mengikuti perkembangan berita mengenai idolanya, mendengarkan lagu dan menonton drama Korea. keempat subjek dapat mengendalikan perilaku dan emosi ketika ada ucapan yang menyinggung idolanya, keempat subjek mampu mengolah informasi yang diterimanya di sosial media, keempat subjek mementingkan pendidikanya sebagai hal yang utama dibandingkan k-pop, keempat subjek akan membatasi diri ketika membeli barang-barang yang berhubungan dengan k-pop. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah motivasi dan kontrol diri pada remaja penggemar k-pop walaupun banyak yang menganggap sebelah mata tetapi dengan adanya motivasi dan kontrol diri yang ada pada dirinya, mereka dapat memiliki prestasi dengan menyukai kpop.
Effect of Ethanol Extract from Clove Flower (Syzygium aromaticum) on the Growth of Trichophyton rubrum in vitro
Authors: Khusnul Khusnul , Hildawati Pepin Meilani , Virgianti Dewi Peti
Published: November 2021

Indonesia is one of the countries with a tropical climate that has high temperature and humidity, a good atmosphere for fungal growth so that fungi can be found somewhere. Fungus Trichophyton rubrum is a fungal disease that attacks the nails, skin, hair. One of the preventions of this disease is by giving traditional medicines, namely clove flowers (Syzygium aromaticum) which contain chemical compounds saponins, tannins, flavonoids. Serves as an antioxidant that can prevent dermatosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibition power of clove flowers (Syzygium aromaticum) on the growth of Trichophyton rubrum fungi. This research was carried out an experimental method with the Kirby Bauer method. Concentration dilution of clove ethanol extract (Syzygium aromaticum) from concentration 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%. The results of this study showed that the clove ethanol extract (Syzygium aromaticum) inhibit the growth of Trychophyton rubrum fungus from the concentration of 10% inhibition zone 14 mm, 20% inhibition zone 26 mm, 30% inhibition zone 36 mm, 40% inhibition zone 41 mm, 50% 45 mm inhibition zone, 60% 46 mm inhibition zone, 70% 48 mm inhibition zone, 80% 49 mm inhibition zone, 90% 51.0 mm inhibition zone, 100% inhibition zone of 56 mm.
An Exploration into Teachers’ Technological Mathematics Knowledge: Changling Xiwang Elementary School as A Case Study
Authors: Tan Shiwei , Jiang Wenrong
Published: November 2021

The role of teachers in educational institutions in this era must at least know the duties of teachers as professional educators, namely educating, teaching, guiding, directing, training, assessing, and evaluating students in early childhood education. The main purpose of this study is to find out how the teacher's ability to explore technological mathematical knowledge is in teaching mathematics in the classroom. The research paradigm adopted in this study is qualitative research. The main sample in this study were 24 teachers who teach at Changling Xiwang Elementary School. This research was carried out from March to May of the 2020/2021 academic year. The results showed that the teacher's perception of technological abilities in teaching technology-based mathematics, the ability of mathematics teachers to teach mathematics, and the ability of technology-assisted mathematics teachers to teach mathematics in class were categorized as good. These results indicate that most of the teacher's abilities are classified as good about using technology in teaching mathematics. The research suggests furthering researchers to be able to develop technology-based learning media, especially in the field of mathematics in teaching mathematics material in the classroom. Teachers in this century are advised to keep up with the times that are filled with facilities based on information and communication technology (ICT).
Efektivitas Media Tangram Berpetak Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Susilastuti Voni , Permana Neda
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of square-grid tangram media on student learning result, especially on polygon material. This research is a quasi-experimental study with the design of one group pre-test post-test conducted at one of the Elementary Schools in Bandung Regency. The samples from this study were 32 students with learning using square-grid tangram media. The data was processed with the help of IBM SPSS version 26. The test steps are 1) The Normality Test, and 2) T-Test.  The conclusions of this study are 1) Achieving the ability of students in many facets using tangram media better, 2) The use of tangram media is more effective when used in polygon material, 3) Students more quickly understand the material and students feel motivated.
Differential expression of syntaxin 11 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding syntaxin 11, STX11, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. STX11 was also differentially expressed in the tumor cells of patients with triple negative breast cancer. STX11 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of STX11 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with HER2+ subtype cancer, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by PAM50 molecular subtype. STX11 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Aspek Pasar dan Pemasaran
Authors: FADILAH UMMUL
Published: November 2021

Analisis dan penilaian aspek pasar merupakan salah satu penilaian yang penting dalam rangka menilai kelayakan suatu proyek. Gagasan proyek biasanya timbul karena pemilik gagasan melihat adanya kesempatan pasar yang masih terbuka. Banyak proyek tidak berhasil karena mengabaikan aspek pasar terutama proyek-proyek yang dibangun karena alasan politis, prestise dan bukan alasan ekonomis. Jika proyek didirikan karena alasan ekonomis, sangat penting untuk mengadakan analisis dan penilaian aspek pasar dengan sebaik-sebaiknya agar biaya yang telah dikeluarkan untuk pendirian proyek tidak sia-sia. Di dalam studi kelayakan suatu usaha atau proyek, Aspek pasar adalah inti dari penyusunan Studi Kelayakan Proyek, karena permintan pasar terhadap produk merupakan dasar untuk menyediakan produk. Hal ini disebabkan aspek pasar sangat menentukan hidup matinya suatu perusahaan. Apabila aspek pasar tidak diteliti secara benar, bagaimana prospeknya dimasa yang akan datang, bukan mustahil tujuan perusahaan tidak akan pernah tercapai. Oleh karena itu didalam aspek pasar, baik untuk perusahaan yang sudah berjalan maupun bagi perusahaan yang baru akan berdiri perlu dilakukan suatu studi tentang kelayakan terlebih dahulu.Pada dasarnya studi kelayakan bisnis aspek pasar adalah untuk mengetahui berapa besar pasar yang akan dimasuki, struktur pasar dan peluang pasar yang ada, prospek pasar dimasa yang akan datang yang harus dilakukan.
TANTANGAN DEMOKRASI DALAM PILKADA DITENGAH KEBIJAKAN PANDEMI PEMERINTAH
Authors: riani alya tata
Published: November 2021

Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Tahun ini menjadi pemilihan yang berbeda dari sebelumya. Pemilihan serentak kali ini dilaksanakan di tengah pandemi corona virus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Hal ini tentu akan menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi para pengawas pemilihan dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya. Mulai dari persiapan sampai dengan pelaksanaan pengawasannya demi terwujudnya nilai-nilai demokrasi dalam pemilihan. Sehingga pengawasan Bawaslu akan menjadi menarik untuk dikaji. Pengawasan yang dilaksanakan oleh Bawaslu pada Pilkada era pandemi covid-19 menjadi fokus dalam penelitian dengan menggunakan teori demokrasi, Sehingga dalam penelitian pelaksanaan demokrasi di era Pandemi Covid-19 dalam studi pegawasan menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pemilihan di Kabupaten secara teknis pengawasannya tidak berubah. Namun terdapat tambahan tugas pengawasan Bawaslu Kabupaten yaitu selain mengawasi prosedur, mekanisme dan tata cara pelaksanan pilkada, Bawaslu Kabupaten juga harus mengawasi penerapan protokol kesehatan untuk menjamin pelaksanaan pilkada di Kabupaten tidak menimbulkan klaster baru di penyelenggara, peserta maupun pemilih, serta upaya memutus mata rantai penyebaran Covid-19. Adanya pilkada era pandemi Covid-19 ini berimplikasi pada pelaksanaan pengawasan Bawaslu Kabupaten, mulai dari bertambahnya tugas pengawasan Bawaslu Kabupaten, adanya optimalisasi anggaran yang berefek pada penguatan SDM sampai dengan proses pelaksanaan pengawasan dan pilkada yang harus menggunakan protokol kesehatan.
RESKI AWALIA,90500121123_MAKALAH DESAIN DAN STRUKTUR ORGANISASI
Authors: AWALIA RESKI
Published: November 2021

Makalah yang berisi tentang desain dan struktur organisasi pada organisasi dan bisnis
sistem analisa selpia citra dinias
Authors: dinias Selpia citra
Published: November 2021

Peran teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dan banyak berperan dalam ilmu kesehatan antara lain untuk urusan: admintrasi obat obatan, diagostik, terapi, perawatanang (monitoring status pasien) serta penelitian. Selain itu peraan teknologi lainya yaitu sebagai pusat informasi kesehatan . sebagai penyedia informasi yang terpecaya dan mampu memetakan kondisi keshatan masyarakat,melakukan analisis kesehatan berdasarkan data yang komprehenshif dari semua uni – unit kesehatan, melakukan pemnatauwan dan pengendalian melalui kesehatan bagi masyarakat
Demokrasi Pancasila Dan Bhineka Tunggal Ika Solusi Heterogenitas Damiana Kura
Authors: kura Damiana
Published: November 2021

This paper will discuss the Pancasila is a comfortable space for the development of unity in diversity as the basis of national identity awareness will thrive indoors Pancasila. Therefore, the Pancasila and Unity in Diversity is kondisif atmosphere for the development of democracy in Indonesia. Democracy is not the cultural nuances of the implementation of democratic ideology therefore be associated with the positive law of a State, as a product of cultural values. Pancasila as a set of cultural values of the nation, is a special distinction (diferentia specifica) with another democracy
The psychological mechanism of Internet information processing for post-treatment evaluation: implications for healthcare system development
Authors: Vuong Quan-Hoang , Le Tam-Tri , La Viet-Phuong , Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: November 2021

Digital healthcare has been contributing considerable merits to the public health system, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Within a digital healthcare system, the role of information communication through the Internet is crucial. The current study explores how patients’ accessibility and trust in the Internet information influence their decisions and ex-post assessment of healthcare providers by employing the Bayesian Mindsponge Framework (BMF) on the dataset of 1,459 Vietnamese patients. We find that patients’ accessibility to Internet information positively affects the perceived sufficiency of information for choosing a healthcare provider, and their trust in the information intensifies this effect. Nevertheless, being more accessible to Internet information is negatively associated with the post-treatment negative feeling about healthcare providers, and trust also moderates this effect. Moreover, patients considering professional reputation important while making a decision are more likely to regard their choices optimal, whereas patients considering services important have contradicting tendencies. Based on these findings, a concern about the risk of eroding trust toward Internet sources about healthcare information is raised. Thus, quality control and public trust-building measures need to be taken to improve communication effectiveness through the Internet and eventually facilitate the adoption of the digital health system.
IMPLEMENTASI DEMOKRASI DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI INDONESIA
Authors: longo Debora boro
Published: November 2021

Keberadaan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam konsepsi Negara hukum dalam demokrasi diIndonesia suatu hal yang paling mendasar. Namun konsepsi pengaturan hak asasi manusiaolehnegara tersebut bukan berarti terjadinya pengekangan hak asasi manusia oleh Negara,namun dalam konsepsinya adalah pengaturan oleh Negara. Dalam suatu Negara yangberdemokrasi, Implementasi Hak Asasi Manusia merupakan suatu keharusan. Tingkatanimplementasi demokrasi dan hak asasi manusia juga dipengaruhi oleh peran Negara.Implementasi demokrasi dan Hak asasi manusia yang berkedaulatan rakyat merupakan citacita yang hendak dicapai.
Makalah manajemen strategi perusahaan
Authors: ANRINI SRI
Published: November 2021

Dengan penerapan strategi yang baik dalam perencanaan, pengorganisasian serta pengendalian akan membantu sebuah organisasi mencapai hasil yang bernilai sesuai dengan perencanaan yang telah direncanakan sebelumnya. Penggunaan manajemen strategi membantu memahami kekuatan bersaing dan mengembangkan keunggulan kompetitif berkelanjutan secara sistematis dan konsisten.
Does bedtime music listening improve subjective sleep quality and next-morning well-being in young adults? A randomized cross-over trial
Authors: Majeed Nadyanna M. , Lua Verity Y. Q. , Chong Jun Sen , Lew Zoey , Hartanto Andree
Published: November 2021

Previous research has found that young adults exhibit patterns of poor sleep, and that poor sleep is associated with a host of negative psychological consequences. One potential intervention to improve sleep quality is listening to music at bedtime. While there exist previous works investigating the efficacy of listening to music as a form of sleep aid, these works have been hindered by statistically weak designs, a lack of systematic investigation of critical characteristics of music which may affect its efficacy, and limited generalizability. In light of the limitations in the existing literature, a 15-day randomized cross-over trial was carried out with 62 young adults. Participants completed five nights of bedtime listening to each condition (happy music vs. sad music vs. pink noise, which acted as an active control condition) over three weeks. Upon awakening each morning, participants rated their subjective sleep quality, current stress, positive and negative affective states, and current life satisfaction. Frequentist and Bayesian multilevel modeling revealed that happy and sad music was both beneficial for subjective sleep quality and next-morning well-being, compared to the pink noise condition; potential nuances are discussed. The current study bears potential practical applications for healthcare professionals and lay individuals.
Some puzzling findings regarding the acquisition of verbs
Authors: Hartshorne Joshua K. , Huang Yujing , Skorb Lauren
Published: November 2021

On the whole, children acquire frequent words earlier than less frequent words. However, there are other factors at play, such as an early "noun bias" (relative to input frequency, toddlers learn nouns faster than verbs) and a "content-word bias" (content words are acquired disproportionately to function words). This paper follows up reports of a puzzling phenomenon within verb-learning, where "experiencer-object" emotion verbs (A frightened/angered/delighted B) are lower frequency but learned earlier than "experiencer-subject" emotion verbs (A feared/hated/loved B). In addition to the possibility that the aforementioned results are a fluke or due to some confound, prior work has suggested several possible explanations: experiencer-object ("frighten-type") verbs have higher type frequency, encode a causal agent as the sentential subject, and perhaps describe a more salient perspective on the described event. In three experiments, we cast doubt on all three possible explanations. The first experiment replicates and extends the prior findings regarding emotion verbs, ruling out several possible confounds and concerns. The second and third experiments investigate acquisition of chase/flee verbs and give/get verbs, which reveal surprising findings that are not explained by the aforementioned hypotheses. We conclude that these findings indicate a significant hole in our theories of language learning, and that the path forward likely requires a great deal more empirical investigation of the order of acquisition of verbs.
Postgraduate Researchers and their Relationship to Teaching
Authors: Lewis Kate
Published: November 2021

Many postgraduate researchers (PGRs) take part in teaching or have teaching-related opportunities at Warwick, but currently, little is formally documented about their experiences. The aim of this research is to find out more about PGRs and teaching at Warwick, and to provide some insight into their experiences, many of which will have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This brief overview seeks to highlight some of the initial findings from an inaugural Warwick survey of PGRs, made in relation to teaching.
Zwłoki jako przedmiot
Authors: Wichrowska Elżbieta
Published: November 2021

The author shows how the breakthrough that took place in medicine, especially in surgery and anatomy at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, shifted to the perception of human corpses. Public autopsies and demonstrations of electroplating found their reflection in the literature, contributed to the development of painting techniques, but most of all within the reach of the desacralization of the corpses and changes in morals.
Tylko słabość czy już choroba? Zabłocki — poeta o polskim zaniechaniu
Authors: Zając Grzegorz
Published: November 2021

The paper focuses on several poems by Franciszek Zabłocki (or more precisely: poems unanimously attributed to this poet), written during the session of the Great Sejm and in various ways: using irony, but also the language proper to sharp name satire — referring to the phenomenon that due to their content could be seen in terms of a disease that consumed the elite of the Republic of Poland. This disease is an omission. The ways of thinking and (dis)acting behind this word are shown by Zabłocki as part of the penetrating diagnosis of the Polish reality of the last decades of the 18th century, characteristic of this writer, as well as in the perspective of the resulting threats to both Polish statehood and the morale of society.
Nauki biologiczne i medyczne w kształceniu pedagogów w koncepcji całościowej opieki nad uczniem. Praca poświęcona działalności Profesora Andrzeja Jaczewskiego
Authors: Kowalewska Anna
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the scientific and educational activities of Professor Andrzej Jaczewski in the field of training pedagogues in the biological and medical foundations of development and upbringing. These activities were an important part of the concept of comprehensive student care advocated by Professor Jaczewski. His scouting experience, his work as a doctor, a secondary school teacher, or a research and didactic staff member at the Medical Academy and the Institute of Mother and Child at the University of Warsaw, as well as his cooperation with other research and teaching centres in Poland and abroad, played an important role in shaping his views on the training of pedagogues in medical issues. The paper presents the process of implementation and realisation of the subject “Biomedical foundations of development and upbringing” at pedagogical faculties in Poland with particular emphasis on the role of Professor Andrzej Jaczewski in this process. The article discusses activities concerning education in medical issues of the local and nationwide range carried out at the Faculty of Education of the University of Warsaw. Finally, Prof. Jaczewski’s suggestions and dreams concerning the future of the subject “Biomedical foundations of development and upbringing” in the education of pedagogues are referred to.
LEGAL STATUS OF THE SOLE EXECUTIVE BODY OF A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Aitova Yulia Fanilevna
Published: November 2021

The article analyzes the issue of determining the legal status of the individual management body of a limited liability company. The author begins his research with the concept of legal status existing in the general theory of law, and then proceeds to consider the issue from the point of view of philosophical categories. In addition, the work explores the diversity of points of view existing in the doctrine regarding the legal status of the individual management body of economic societies.
DIGITAL TRANSPARENCY AS A SUBSTRATE OF THE MODERN "PANOPTICON"
Authors:   L.N. Tolstoy Tula state pedagogical University, Bolshakova Anastasia Sergeevna
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to new risks and challenges of the modern era, "new" forms of implementation of power relations - the transition from a disciplinary society to a society of control (self-control), where the very fabric of digital reality, formed by atomized individuals(turned from a methodological metaphor into a real fact), becomes a guarantee transparency, the elimination of privacy and the transformation of a person into a digital panopticon. In such a space, the effect of creativity is created (the free play of symbols, texts and images; reality is aestheticized), which is reduced to the interpretation of others and self-interpretation (openness of meanings and understandings), in essence, which is a process of self-control and the demand for control from others. Transparency in this case is not just openness, it is a guarantee of interpenetration, an invasion of once personal space (not so much imposed from the outside, but “required” within the framework of the rules of digital transparency), as well as an opportunity to live for another, canceling his individuality and manifestation of personal freedom.
The Strategy of Eastern Expansion of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
Authors: Курмояров Иоанн
Published: November 2021

После распада СССР Украина оказалась в самом центре глобальных геополитических процессов, в результате которых все стали свидетелями обострившегося противостояния между западной и восточно-европейской цивилизациями. Противостояния, которые продолжаются уже не одно столетие. Одним из главных участников этого процесса является Украинская греко-католическая церковь, которая изначально создавалась, а впоследствии использовалась, как таран, применяемый Ватиканом для своего продвижения на Восток. С одной стороны, в Гаванской декларации Святейший Патриарх Московский и всея Руси Кирилл и Папа римский Франциск согласились, что недопустимо использовать неподобающие средства для принуждения верующих к переходу из одной Церкви в другую, пренебрегая их религиозной свободой и их собственными традициями, а также что метод «униатизма» прежних веков, предполагающий приведение одной общины в единство с другой путем ее отрыва от своей Церкви, не является путем к восстановлению единства. С другой стороны, на канонической территории Украинской Православной Церкви на Востоке Украины уже появляются форпосты католичества - новые храмы общины УГКЦ. В сентябре 2019 г. в Риме прошло очередное заседание синода УКГЦ.

After the collapse of the USSR, Ukraine found itself at the very center of global geopolitical processes, as a result of which everyone witnessed an escalated confrontation between Western and East European civilizations. Confrontations that have been going on for centuries. One of the main participants in this process is the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, which was originally created, and subsequently used by the Vatican to advance to the East. On the one hand, in the Havana Declaration, His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Cyril and Pope Francis agreed that it is unacceptable to use inappropriate means to force believers to move from one Church to another, neglecting their religious freedom and their own traditions, and that the method «Uniatism» of previous centuries, which implies bringing one community into unity with another by separating it from its Church, is not a way to restore unity. On the other hand, Catholic outposts - new churches of the UGCC community - are already appearing on the canonical territory of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in eastern Ukraine. In September 2019, in Rome, was held the another meeting of the Synod of the UGCC.
The Reasons for the Intensification of Persecution of Christians and the Activities of the Russian Orthodox Church Aimed at Their Protection
Authors: Пименов Сергей Александрович
Published: November 2021

С самых первых веков своего существования христианство было подвержено разного рода притеснениям переходящим в открытые гонения. Церковь по своему духовному устройству является богочеловеческим организмом, который одновременно присущ миру земному и небесному. Враг рода человеческого не может смириться с тем, что сущность Церкви является неотмирной. Господь наш Иисус Христос в Евангелии дает прямое указание на то, что христиан впоследствии будут гнать и преследовать: «Если Меня гнали, будут гнать и вас» (Ин. 15, 20); «Возложат на вас руки и будут гнать вас, предавая в синагоги и темницы, и поведут пред царей и правителей за имя Мое…» (Лк. 21, 12). В современном мире преследование и дискриминация христиан приобрели системный характер. В то же время не менее интересен тот факт, что христиане по своей численности являются крупнейшей общиной в мире, но, несмотря на это, она находится в худшем состоянии. Цель статьи состоит в том, чтобы в комплексном виде представить факты дискриминации христиан в современном мире, а также действия Русской Православной Церкви, направленные на их защиту.

Beginning from the first centuries of its existence, Christianity was subject to various kinds of oppression passing into open persecution. The Church in its spiritual structure is a God-human organism, which is at the same time inherent in the world of earth and heaven. The enemy of the human race cannot accept the fact that the essence of the Church is not out of this world. Our Lord Jesus Christ in the Gospel gives a direct indication that Christians are going to be persecuted: «If they have persecuted Me, they will also persecute you» (Jn. 15, 20). «They shall lay their hands on you, and persecute you, delivering you up to synagogues and into prisons, being brought before kings and rulers for My name’s sake...» (Lk. 21, 12). In our modern world, persecution and discrimination against Christians have become systemic. At the same time Christians are the largest community in the world, but despite this fact, it is in the worst condition. The aim of this article is to present in a comprehensive form the facts of discrimination against Christians in the modern world, as well as the actions of the Russian Orthodox Church focused on their protection.
The first republican university in Latin America and social rights: an analysis from the work of Bolivar and Sanchez Carrion
Authors: Esquivel Grados José Theódulo , Venegas Mejía Valia Luz , Esquivel Grados Migdonio Nicolás
Published: November 2021

The emancipation of the South American countries was aimed at achieving the freedom and dignity of the oppressed peoples for three centuries and claiming their rights. In this sense, the article is the result of a study whose objective was to analyze social rights in thought, the work of the Liberator Simón Bolívar and his General Minister José Faustino Sánchez Carrión, as well as their significance over time. Social rights are those that are aligned with human dignity and linked to the achievement of substantial objectives such as access to work, health, education, justice, among others. From the documentary analysis it is observed that these rights were originally consigned in 1824 by the Liberator and his minister at the time of founding the first republican University in the final phase of the emancipation of Peru and South America, but gradually they were legalized in the social constitutionalism of many countries during the twentieth century, which highlights its importance in the line of achieving human dignity. Social rights had as precursors the aforementioned heroes of freedom, defenders of human dignity and visionaries who were ahead of their time.
Przygotowanie wojskowe młodzieży szkolnej i obozy letnie przysposobienia wojskowego ogólnego męskiego na Pomorzu pod koniec lat dwudziestych i w latach trzydziestych XX wieku
Authors: Saja Piotr
Published: November 2021

In the first part of the article, the purpose of which is to introduce the subject matter to the reader, the author has made a brief description of the changes aimed at popularizing civil defense training in educational institutions in the second half of the 1920s and 1930s. A general outline of the institutions responsible for the defense training of the young generation has been presented, and a characteristics of the objectives and tasks in the preparation of young people in this field in school scout troops has been made. The author has also discussed the organizational structure of the school scout troops of civil defense, and briefly presented the curriculum for the different civil defense ranks. However, the core of the publication concerns general civil defense summer camps. In short subsections, basing mainly on archival sources, the author has attempted to present the issues related to the organization and course of these camps in Pomerania. Recruitment methods and requirements for camp participants have been described in the article. The author has presented the organizational structure of the civil defense summer camps, the military training they covered, the daily agenda and disciplinary requirements. He also described the role of civilian counsellors and educators in the process of patriotic education of young people, as well as the final exams for the 2nd rank in civil defense.
Organizacja, struktury i udział w walkach regimentu piechoty Bogusława i Jana Leszczyńskich w latach 1658–1662
Authors: Satręgowski Bartosz
Published: November 2021

In the years 1655–1660, there were many military units operating in the territory of the proper Greater Poland. The reason for this was the invasion of the Kingdom of Sweden into the Republic of Poland, and the increased mobilization effort of the Polish army. Fighting against the invader took various forms, from regular army combat, through partisan warfare of the levy in mass to expeditions of the łans infantry. In 1658 the troops from Greater Poland were divided into two groups, one of which went on an expedition to Denmark and the other took part in the siege of Toruń. Boguslaw Leszczynski’s regiment, consisting of 5 companies, took part in the siege. It was a typical foreign levy infantry regiment, consisting of musketeer and pikemen rotas (military unit of the time consisting of 8–10 men). The only difference from other units of this type was the lack of the regimental staff and extensive company staffs. It consisted mainly of plebeians, and officer functions were performed by the nobility of both foreign and domestic origin.
3 Żelazna Dywizja Strzelecka Armii Ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej w 1920 r. Zarys szlaku bojowego w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej
Authors: Kozubel Marek
Published: November 2021

The subject of the article is the battle route of the 3rd Iron Rifle Division of the Ukrainian People’s Republic Army in the last year of the Polish-Soviet war. This formation was the strongest and most numerous in the Ukrainian armed forces in 1920. It was commanded by Oleksandr Udovychenko, a famous and very talented officer. It should be noted that the 3rd Iron Rifle Division was initially formed at the Polish Army as the 2nd Rifle Division, but due to the presence of many veterans of the 3rd Iron Division of 1919 in its ranks, which was also commanded by Udovychenko, it was decided to rename the formation. The 3rd Iron Rifle Division took an active part in the Kiev expedition in the spring of 1920. It fought on the southern section of the front in the Mohyliv-Podilskyi area. Later, in the summer of 1920, it took part in the defense of Eastern Galicia against the Red Army. It succeeded in several fights against the Bolsheviks there, among others at Sydoriv and Horodenka. Then it participated in further combat activities in Podolia. After 18 October 1920, the Ukrainian People’s Republic Army had to continue fighting on its own due to the signing of a ceasefire between Poland and Soviet Russia. The warfare conducted until the second half of November 1920 ended in defeat for the Ukrainians, whose armed forces withdrew to the Polish territory, where they were interned. In this group there were also soldiers of the 3rd Iron Rifle Division.
Walka kontrwywiadu wojskowego z Kościołem katolickim. Alumni w „ludowym” Wojsku Polskim w świetle dokumentów Wojskowej Służby Wewnętrznej
Authors: Kapuściak Bartosz
Published: November 2021

In 1959, following the introduction of the law on universal military service, seminarians were conscripted into the Polish „People’s” Army as part of compulsory service, initially dispersing them into numerous units. This was a form of repression which, according to the communist authorities, was supposed to curb the „unruly” behavior of individual church hierarchs. In the following years, there were changes in the way clerical students were dispersed in the army – they started to be grouped into three subunits, which allowed for better communist indoctrination led by the Main Political Directorate of the Polish Army, but above all for the counterintelligence „protection” of the seminarians organized by the Internal Military Service (IMS). Initially, military counterintelligence did not do well with recruiting seminarians as agents. With time, as the cooperation with Department IV of the Ministry of Interior (civil anti-church department) was developing, the IMS authorities managed to improve their operational work in the battalions where future clergymen served. Despite the partial resignation of clerical students from their studies and recruitment amongst them by IMS, thanks to the efforts of the Catholic Church a large number of young seminarians were saved, and their conscription into the army only strengthened the Church by verifying future priests through their military service at the very beginning. Eventually, year 1980 put an end to the conscription of seminarians into the Armed Forces of the People’s Republic of Poland. One of the numerous actions of the communist authorities against the Catholic Church proved to be ineffective.
Problematyka wykorzystania 1 Batalionu Szturmowego w operacji „Dunaj”
Authors: Benken Przemysław
Published: November 2021

The subject of this article is to present the activities of the 1st Assault Battalion during the operation „Danube” in 1968. Thanks to the archival queries in the Archive of the Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw and in the Military Archive in Oleśnica, it was possible to prepare the most complete description of the activity of Polish special units in Czechoslovakia so far. The conducted research showed that the special forces were not used in accordance with their intended purpose, which had a negative impact on the effectiveness and morale of soldiers.
When Typhus Rode a Red Horse: Weaponizing Disease During the Polish-Bolshevik War
Authors: Blackburn Christopher
Published: November 2021

This work explores the role of the Red Army in the spread of typhus on Polish lands during the Polish-Bolshevik War, 1919–1920. As a result of the Bolshevik style of war, one of the results of the Soviet advance into Poland was the anti-typhus effort along the border and throughout the country. Polish efforts, supported by American humanitarian groups, had made great strides in eradicating typhus however, much of this was undone with the Bolshevik offensive of 1920. Through both active and passive means the Bolshevik advance drove typhus victims and refugees across the Polish lines, while at the same time Bolshevik forces destroyed or removed sanitation equipment and supplies across the frontier.
Methoden und Techniken der Systementwicklung
Authors: Böhm Rolf
Published: November 2021

Auch bei kleinen und kleinsten Vorhaben wird heute ein methodisches Vorgehen verlangt. Die Zwischen- und Endresultate sollen übersichtlich und nachvollziehbar dargestellt werden. Dabei sind diejenigen gut beraten, die über ein breites und ausgewogenes Repertoire an Methoden und Techniken verfügen. Der Problemlösungszyklus, wie er aus dem Systems Engineering bekannt ist, bietet das grundlegende Vorgehen für die Lösung einfacher und komplexer Probleme. Er stellt ein einfaches, aber wirksames Instrument dar. Dessen Prinzipien und Phasen können allerdings nur umgesetzt werden, wenn konkrete Verfahren und Techniken bereitstehen. Was nützen uns beispielsweise chemische Formeln über Supraleiter, wenn die Herstellungsverfahren nicht bekannt sind? Genau so verhält es sich auch beim modernen Engineering: Probleme lassen sich nur mit zweckmässigen Techniken lösen, die kompetente Fachkräfte anwenden können. Dieser Leitfaden hilft bei der Beurteilung und beim Einsatz der verschiedenen Verfahren. Er ist als Ergänzung und Fortsetzung zu System-Entwicklung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik konzipiert.