bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The history of the creation of lasers and analysis of the impact of their application in the material processing on the development of certain industries
Authors: Bernatskyi Artemii , Khaskin Vladyslav
Published: June 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the history of the creation of the laser as one of the greatest technical inventions of the 20th century. This paper focuses on establishing a relation between the periodization of the stages of creation and implementation of certain types of lasers, with their influence on the invention of certain types of equipment and industrial technologies for processing the materials, the development of certain branches of the economy, and scientific-technological progress as a whole. In preparing the paper, the generally accepted methods, which are widely used in the preparation of historical research works, have been applied: the historical method – for the study and interpretation of the texts of primary sources and the search for other evidence used for research, as well as for the presentation of historical events associated with the development of laser technology; the historical-genetic method – for studying the genesis of specific historical phenomena and analyzing the causality of changes in the development of laser technology; the historical-critical method – for displaying cause-and-effect relationships, reconstructing events that influenced the development of laser technology; the method of historical periodization. The variety of different possible options for the use of lasers did not allow placing all the collected materials within the framework of one paper, and therefore, the authors have decided to dwell on the facts, which, in the opinion of the paper’s authors, are the most interesting, significant, poorly studied, and little known. The paper discusses the stages of: invention of the first laser; creation of the first commercial lasers; development of the first applications of lasers in industrial technologies for processing the materials. Special attention is paid to the “patent wars” that accompanied different stages of the creation of lasers. A comparative analysis of the market development for laser technology from the stage of creation to the present has been carried out. It has been shown that the modern market for laser technology continues to develop actively, as evidenced by the continued stable growth of laser sales over the past 10 years. This indicates that the demand for laser technology is inextricably linked with the development of high technology production and scientific-technological progress. The analysis has shown that recently, the trends in the use of laser technology have changed; in particular, their industrial and medical applications are decreasing, while there is an increase in their use in the fields of sensor production and communication.
Theoretical and practical aspects of the identification of the bladed weapon on the example of the SG 98/05 bayonet to the Mauser rifle based on metal science research
Authors: Maslak Volodymyr , Lashko Yevhenii , Chencheva Olga
Published: June 2021

The article examines the studies of the bayonet fragment with severe damages of metal found in the city Kremenchuk (Ukraine) in one of the canals on the outskirts of the city, near the Dnipro River. Theoretical research to study blade weapons of the World War I period and the typology of the bayonets of that period, which made it possible to put forward an assumption about the possible identification of the object as a modified bayonet to the Mauser rifle has been carried out. Metal science expert examination was based on X-ray fluorescence spectrometry to determine the concentration of elements in the sample from the cleaned part of the blade. Analysis of the chemical composition showed that the blade was made of hardened carbon steel alloyed with silicon, chromium, manganese, nickel and copper. Measure results of the chemical composition of the object correspond to steel for castings of grade 55L with an average blade hardness of 42 HRC. Manufacturing technology of the casting corresponds to the end of the XIX – the beginning of the XX century with the use of converter production. The bayonet blade was subjected to strengthening heat treatment in the form of hardening and medium tempering. Metallographic analysis showed that the research object of blade fragment suffered corrosion cracking between crystals or along the body of grains, indicating a long stay in silty deposits. The identification of the research object has been carried out using applied technologies based on visual inspection with a description of the state of conservation and comparison with the results reflected in scientific periodicals; metal science expertise; determination of weight and size characteristics and their compliance with the original, including experimental reconstruction, which identifies the preserved fragment with the original drawing at the control points. A comparison of the chemical composition of the blade steel and the “Haenel” steel, differing in concentration and additional alloying elements has been made. The remains of the royal monogram imprint of the stamp and the absence of the regimental stamp have become the basis for searching through catalogs of registered bayonets. This allowed the identification of the object under study as part of the German imperial modified bayonet model 1898/1905 for the Mauser rifle, which was manufactured in the period from 1915 to 1918. Prospects for further research are seen in an increase in the number of metal science examinations for more accurate identification of discovered specimens.
Development and construction of shunting electric locomotives at Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotives plant (1960's – 1970's)
Authors: Ruban Mykola , Ponomarenko Vadym
Published: June 2021

In the article on the basis of the complex analysis of sources and scientific literature the attempt to investigate historical circumstances of development and construction of shunting electric locomotives at the Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant has been made. It was found that during the 1960s and 1970s, the team of designers of the Dnipropetrovsk plant, having strong research and production potential, at the request of the Ministry of Railways of the USSR developed and built unique samples of shunting electric locomotives of the VL41 and VL26 series to meet the needs of Soviet main-line railways with modern high-tech electric vehicles. It is proved that in the absence of thorough experience and, accordingly, the possibility of a rapid technological breakthrough in the development of main-line locomotives, during the experimental operation of shunting electric locomotives VL41 and VL26, several design shortcomings were identified, which led to their further use exclusively on the house tracks of enterprises, and designers of Dnipropetrovsk plant later focused on the development and construction of traction units for industrial application commissioned by the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR. At the same time, the construction of the main-line railway equipment to the order of the Ministry of Railways allowed the staff of the enterprise to gain valuable experience, which was later used in the implementation of the renewal program of rolling stock of Ukrzaliznytsia. Although today the Dnipropetrovsk plant is in decline, the analysis of historical circumstances of formation and design and technological heritage of electric locomotive construction in Ukraine is of fundamental importance both in the general perspective of the development of domestic transport engineering, and the railway industry in particular. Further study of the history of Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant requires clarification of the historical circumstances of institutionalization of the Special Design and Technology Bureau of the enterprise from the creation of industrial electric locomotives and traction units to the development and re-equipment of main traction rolling stock and specialized repair equipment within the state enterprise “Ukrainian Research Design Institute of Electric Locomotive Engineering”.
Technology as a socio-historical phenomenon
Authors: Griffen Leonid , Ryzheva Nadiia
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the authors' vision of the essence of the technology as a sociohistorical phenomenon. It is based on the idea that technology is not only a set of technical devices but a segment of the general system – a society – located between a social medium and its natural surroundings in the form of a peculiar social technosphere, which simultaneously separates and connects them. The main objective purpose of the technosphere is to promote the effective rendering of society-generated entropy outwards; it defines the features of the technosphere as a sociohistorical phenomenon. The analogues of such material formations take place also in wildlife (from the spider-web to the beaver dam) but are very few and arise from the implementation of instinctive programs of the species. In a person's consciousness, such programmes are not given by “nature”, they are formed on the basis of “desobjectivation” of technical objects available in society. In the process of “desobjectivation” the essence, the “logic of the subject” becomes the achievement of a person and due to his abilities is filled with new meaning. As a result, the technology is a materially ideal phenomenon: on the one hand, it is a set of technical objects and on the other hand – technical thinking of a person, the highest manifestation of which is technical sciences nowadays. Properly technical objects are created by society to meet the individual and social needs of a person. These are primarily consumption items; due to their manmade nature, the question of production means development arises, which over time becomes increasingly important, especially by virtue of their significant impact on social relations (which in time also require certain technical devices for their implementation). The complex of these devices forms the techno sphere of society as a compound integrity. Not only groups of different in application technical objects become the constituent parts of the technosphere, but also their conglomerates designed to perform certain functions, which, similar to the biological branch, were called techno enosis; in the latter at the account of a peculiar “competition”, the development of these components in particular and the technosphere integrally takes place. However, despite consistency, the technosphere is a subsystem of a society, therefore, there is no perspective of creating certain laws of its development and an appropriate coherent periodization. For this reason, the scientific periodization of the development of technology as such is connected with the purpose of the given research and is defined by it.
The beginning of the soviet theoretical archaeology: theoretical studies at the Institute of archaeology AS UkrSSR in the 1960s
Authors: Paliienko Sergii
Published: June 2021

The article is dedicated to an exploration of archaeological theory issues at the Institute of archaeology AS UkrSSR in the 1960s. This period is one of the worst studied in the history of Soviet archaeology. But it was the time when in the USSR archaeological researches reached the summit, quantitative methods and methods of natural sciences were applied and interest in theoretical issues had grown in archaeology. Now there are a lot of publications dedicated to theoretical discussions between archaeologists from Leningrad but the same researches about Kyiv scholars are still unknown. The archaeological theory includes both generalizations made on the basis of archaeological sources and archaeological methodology. The article emphasizes the history of methodology studies at the IA AS UkrSSR during the mentioned period. The research is based on evidence from the annual reports on a work of the Institute from the Scientific archive of the Institute of Archaeology NASU. According to the documents the theory was mentioned in the early 1950s because of publication of new J. V. Stalin’s works. However, that time as well as at the beginning of the next decade, when works started under three volumes of “The Archaeology of the UkrSSR”, it was written that attention to theoretical issues was focused at the Institute, not enough. At the IA AS UkrSSR discussions on archaeological methodology started in the 1960s when papers on theoretical issues, applying cybernetic, methods of natural sciences and statistical methods into archaeology were regularly presented at sessions of the Academic council. Yu. N. Zakharuk was the most active employee of the Institute who worked in this field. In addition to presentation of papers at conferences, and sessions of the Academic council and publications, he was an executor of the scheduled work ‘Methodological and methodic issues of archaeological science’ in 1968–1970. Also it was planed to publish a book on theoretical issues. In other words, the IA AS UkrSSR was the first archaeological establishment in the USSR where the work on archaeological methodology was scheduled. According to circumstances this work had not been completely finished but the Ukrainian scholar was invited to hold the position of deputy director at the Institute of Archaeology AS USSR in Moscow. Despite a skeptical attitude to the theory among most Soviet archaeologists Yu. N. Zakharuk was able to intensify the work on theoretical issues in Soviet archaeology. A separate theoretical session, which was organized by him at the Plenum of the IA AS USSR in Moscow in 1972, might be considered as an initialization of theoretical archaeology as a new sub-discipline in the USSR.
I. H. Verkhratskyi (1846–1919): at the origins of Ukrainian natural science
Authors: Vaniuha Liudmyla , Toporivska Yaroslava , Hysa Oksana , Zharkova Iryna , Bazhanov Mykola
Published: June 2021

Among the scientists of European greatness, who at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries showed interest to the folklore of Galicia (Halychyna) and Galician Ukrainians, contributed to their national and cultural revival, one of the leading places is occupied by the outstanding Ukrainian scientist Ivan Verkhratskyi (in some other sources – Verkhratsky). He was both naturalist and philologist, as well as folklorist and ethnographer, organizer of scientific work, publisher and popularizer of Ukrainian literature, translator, publicist and famous public figure. I. H. Verkhratskyi was also an outstanding researcher of plants and animals of Eastern Galicia, a connoisseur of insects, especially butterflies, the author of the first school textbooks on natural science written in Ukrainian. The scientist also wrote poetry and translated from foreign languages. The article covers the life and scientific and pedagogical activities of I. H. Verkhratskyi – one of the founders of Ukrainian natural science, who made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian natural terminology and nomenclature, the author of the first textbooks on botany, zoology, mineralogy. The authors believe that I. H. Verkhratskyi can be considered one of the founders of Ukrainian scientific terminology in Natural Science, and today his works in this area remain relevant. These works are also valuable from the historical and cognitive points of view as one of the sources for studying the process of formation of the Ukrainian literary language and scientific and natural terminology. I. H. Verkhratskyi devoted himself to the establishment of the Ukrainian literary language, its scientific and journalistic backgrounds, and made a significant contribution to lexicography, dialectology, and schooling. Based on the scientific publications and memoirs of his colleagues and students, the authors have recreated the main stages of his biography and considered his professional career. His activity in the field of formation of natural science terminology have been considered in detail. Dialectological materials of the scientist and researcher I. H. Verkhratskyi are still actively used to study the Galician and Transcarpathian dialects. His achievements as a scientist, teacher and popularizer of science has been summarized.
O (nie)przydatności cezury roku 1600 w historii muzyki
Authors: Jeż Tomasz Miłosław
Published: June 2021

Artystyczny manifest florenckiej Cameraty powszechnie uważa się za przełom nie tylko w stylistyce muzycznej, ale także w teoretycznej refleksji nad muzyką. W tradycyjnej muzykografii cezura roku 1600 jawi się jako dość wyraźna granica oddzielająca renesans od baroku. Muzyczne desygnaty obydwu tych epok są jednak bardzo niejasne, a ich stosowanie nieuchronnie prowadzi do sprzeczności. Za ich rozwiązanie posłużyć może taki model interpretacyjny, który wiąże twórczość muzyczną z nurtem inspiracji humanistycznych, obecnych w kulturze europejskiej co najmniej od połowy wieku XVI i trwających przez kolejne stulecie. Nurt ten doprowadził do znaczącego przewartościowania kwestii stylu w muzyce, co dość dobrze oddaje pojęcie manieryzmu.
Zbigniew Morsztyn spotyka Stephena Dedalusa
Authors: Kuligowski Paweł
Published: June 2021

Esej wyrasta z namysłu nad totalnością literatury − i jej bezczasowością. Stanowi próbę odczytania na nowo Myśli ludzkiej Zbigniewa Morsztyna i zarazem krótkiego ustępu Portretu artysty z czasów młodości Jamesa Joyce’a. Znalezione w obu tekstach kosmografie okazują się nie tylko alegorycznymi mapami ludzkiej duszy − odpowiednio barokowej (geocentrycznej) i modernistycznej (egocentrycznej) − ale też negatywowymi kopiami samych siebie. Joyce i Morsztyn, tak jak św. Augustyn w dziesiątej księdze Wyznań, znaleźli w swoich duszach „wszystko”. Obaj, w sposób figuratywny, opisali mikroskopijną zawartość myślenia jako nieskończoną w Pascalowskim sensie tego pojęcia − jakkolwiek ich opisy, o dziwo, są względem siebie jakby symetrycznie odwrócone.
Cezura ocenzurowana. Raz jeszcze o „Panu Tadeuszu”
Authors: Kosowska Ewa
Published: June 2021

Autorka proponuje analizę rozmaitych cezur przywoływanych w poemacie Adama Mickiewicza z uwzględnieniem założeń wypracowanej przez siebie koncepcji kulturowej antropologii literatury. Traktuje poemat jako świadectwo współistnienia szlacheckiej kultury cyrograficznej z residuami kultury oralnej i wskazuje, że istnieją różnice w zasadach stanowienia cezury między systemami kulturowymi fundowanymi w przewadze na pamięci społecznej a systemami opartymi głównie na wiedzy historycznej. Akcentuje znaczenie ostentacyjnego pomijania w narracjach o przeszłości momentów przełomowych w celu świadomego podtrzymywania tradycji i uzyskania efektu ciągłości trwania dominującego uprzednio systemu kulturowego.
„Lepiej byś był w domu siedział...” − analiza śladów lektury z wybranych egzemplarzy „Peregrynacji do Ziemi Świętej” Mikołaja Krzysztofa Radziwiłła „Sierotki” jako przyczynek do badań nad dawną recepcją dzieła
Authors: Osuch Martyna
Published: June 2021

Peregrynacja do Ziemi Świętej autorstwa Mikołaja „Sierotki” Radziwiłła została po raz pierwszy opublikowana w 1601 r., a na przestrzeni kolejnych 200 lat ukazało się 14 jej wznowień w różnych językach. Relacja z pielgrzymki do Jerozolimy jest nie tylko dowodem wszechstronnego wykształcenia i oczytania Radziwiłła, ale też prezentuje autora jako zdolnego szesnastowiecznego dokumentalistę, który doskonale wie, w jaki sposób przyciągnąć uwagę odbiorcy. Peregrynacja zyskała ogromną popularność, czego dowodzą liczne ślady lektury (noty rękopiśmienne, podkreślenia) pozostawione przez czytelników w zachowanych egzemplarzach. Celem artykułu jest określenie recepcji czytelniczej wspomnianego dzieła na podstawie wyników badań proweniencyjnych przeprowadzonych na 20 egzemplarzach Peregrynacji przechowywanych w Gabinecie Starych Druków Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie.
Sarmatyzm i biedermeier. Granice, cezury, przepływy. W kręgu galicyjskich spadkobierców Soplicy
Authors: Węgrzyn Iwona Barbara
Published: June 2021

Prezentowany tekst jest propozycją interpretacji dostrzeżonej interferencji dwóch nurtów dziewiętnastowiecznej kultury polskiej: romantycznego sarmatyzmu i biedermeieru jako przykładu dyfuzji kulturowej, której efektem staje się zredefiniowana kulturowa tożsamość polskiego ziemiaństwa drugiej połowy XIX w. Na przykładach dzieł literackich, określonych jako krąg spadkobierców Pamiątek Soplicy Henryka Rzewuskiego, pokazuję nie tylko ewolucję dawnej tradycji szlacheckiej w kontekście zmian społecznych i kulturowych, jakie przynosi XIX w., ale przede wszystkim wydobywam znaczenie biedermeieru jako ważnego impulsu kulturowego, który modernizował tradycję szlachecką i otwierał ją na kulturowe procesy zachodzące w dziewiętnastowiecznej Europie.

Kulturowa dyfuzja zachodząca między romantycznym sarmatyzmem a biedermeierem pozwala mi wskazać niezbyt wyraźnie dostrzegane z perspektywy typowych ujęć historii kultury polskiej XIX w. geograficzne granice występowania zjawisk kulturowych oraz czasowe cezury ich trwania, zwracam też uwagę na wydarzenia społeczne, które inicjowały kulturowe przepływy w obrębie kultury polskiej XIX w.
Use’s perception of the social networks in young people at the Ica city, 2020 [Percepción sobre el uso de las redes sociales en jóvenes de la ciudad de Ica, 2020]
Authors: Quispe Mayuri Alejandro Alfredo , Maldonado Bendezú Leonidas Alejandro
Published: June 2021

The research was oriented to the development of perception of the use of social networks in young people of the city of Ica. The study sought to know the habits and customs of those investigated, about the use of networks and the role played by the devices that produce, receive, process, store and transmit information without distance conditions, and in real time. The research was qualitative as well as descriptive. The population consisted of 59,247 young people aged 20 to 30 years and the sample 384 young people (120 were women and 264 men). The survey technique was used and the instrument was the questionnaire. It was concluded that young people, due to their personal characteristics and the conflicts that they are experiencing, require a personal and social world where family, friends and loved ones share their lives. Social networks are constituted as an alternative to satisfy these needs, which is generating an increase in their addiction day by day because they are participants in the various alternatives that these environments offer. The results were: 43.49% said that they frequently use the internet, 25.7% said that Facebook is the social network of their preference, another 54.17 said that it is essential to use the social network of their preference, 34.9% said that important activities for being connected to a social network, in addition to a 40.36 established that what most attracts them is talking with friends.
Design and Implementation of an IoT Based Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling System
Authors: Nath Shablu Deb , Hossain Mohammad Shahadat , Chowdhury Imtiaz Akber , Tasneem Sabiha , Hasan Mehedi , Chakma Rocky
Published: June 2021

Environment is the key factor in the greenhouse system. To provide monitoring and controlling facility inside the greenhouse, IoT based system is more flexible and suitable solution. To maintain the proper environment inside the green- house, we have designed the system with heating, cooling and water supply facility by integrating the system with heater, cooling fan and water pump. The temperature, humidity and    the soil moisture inside the greenhouse continuously monitored and controlled over online platform.
Parallel impelementation of RC6 algorithm
Authors: Berisha Artan , Kastrati Hektor
Published: June 2021

Data security is very important in the field of Computer Science. In this paper the encryption algorithm called RC6 will be analyzed and its standard and parallel implementation will be done.

First the field of Cryptology is discussed in general terms, then the classification of encryption algorithms according to operation and techniques is explained.

RC6 is a symmetric block algorithm derived from the RC5 algorithm. RC6 operates on 128-bit blocks and accepts 128, 192, 256-bit keys until 2040 bytes. In the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) competition, RC6 managed to rank among the five finalists.

The structure of the RC6 algorithm will be analyzed also the encryption and decryption methods.  The comparison between standard and parallel implementation will be made.
The Macroeconomic Effects on Non-Performing Loan and its Implication on Allowance for Impairment Losses
Authors: Lubis Dahris Dinro , Mulyana Bambang
Published: June 2021

The change in the Allowance for Impairment Losses calculation method from FASS 55 to FASS 71 in Indonesia requires banks to consider macroeconomic variables as variables in calculating Allowance for Impairment Losses. This research has an objective to study and analyze the effect of macroeconomic proxied by GDP, inflation, exchange rate, unemployment rate, BI rate, and loan growth on NPL and its implications for Allowance for Impairment Losses. The population of this research was issuers of foreign exchange banks in 2011-2019, with a total sample of 26 issuers of foreign exchange banks. This research uses the panel data regression method to analyze the data. The research results found that macroeconomic variables proxied by GDP, inflation, exchange rates, unemployment rate, BI rate, and loan growth did not significantly affect NPL. In contrast, NPL had a significant effect on Allowance for Impairment Losses. This research implies that banks are expected to improve credit quality management against the effects of macroeconomic fluctuations. As a result, the NPL ratio remains under control and does not increase the burden of Allowance for Impairment Losses.
INSECTICIDAL AND REPELLENT ACTIVITIES OF CITRUSSINENSIS (L.) LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST TROGODERMA GRANARIUM EVERTS (COLEOPTERA: DERMASTIDAE IN STORED GROUNDNUT
Authors: Gambari L. I. , Musa A. K. , Baba O. G. , Babatunde S. F.
Published: June 2021

Groundnut production has been reported to be threatened by storage insect pests which caused significant damage in storage. The repellent and efficacy activities of Citrus sinensis leaf extract were assessed on Trogoderma granarium in stored groundnut. The treatment was laid in a Completely Randomized Design with 3, 5, and 7% concentration level of methanolic and petroleum ether Extract for insecticidal activities. The results of C. sinensis leaf extract toxicity obtained was significant at 7% concentration at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment with 100% and 80% mortality in methanolic and Pet. ether extracts respectively in adults. Half disc experiment was carried out to determine the repellency activities with 1, 2, and 3% concentration of methanolic and pet. ether extract. It was observed that at 2HAT the insects moved towards the extract with the Index of Repellency of 1.13 at 3 % concentration for methanolic and pet ether extract, as the hours increase from 4 to 6HAT it was observed that the extract acted as repellant towards the insect with methanol and petroleum ether extract of 3 % concentration having the highest repellency index of 0.47. Petroleum ether at 1 % concentration with the value of 1.47, 1.40 and 1.20 repellency index across the 2, 4 and 6HAT showed that the extract remains an attractant towards T. granarium. The results obtained from this study is an indication of the potential of methanolic and petroleum ether crude extract of C. sinensis in groundnut storage
PERFORMANCE OF FATTENING BUNAJI BULLS FED DIETS CONTAINING GRADED LEVEL OF PALM KERNEL CAKE
Authors: Sani R. T. , Rekwot G. Z. , Idowu W. , Okin-Aminu H. O.
Published: June 2021

A fattening trial was conducted for 90 days using 20 Bunaji bulls with a live weight range of 190-200kg and aged 2-2.5 years to determine fattening performance. The bulls were fed diets containing varying levels of palm Kernel cake (PKC). Four bulls per treatment were allotted to 5 dietary treatments in Completely Randomised Design. Concentrate and basal diets of Digitaria smutsii were offered at 2% body weight. The data collected from the experiment were analysed using General Linear Model Procedure of SAS, (2002) The crude protein contents of the experimental diets varied between 15.63 and 20.31% while ME ranged from 11.75 to 11.78MJ/kg DM. The crude fibre varied from 13.92 to 23.31%. Average feed intake ranged between 8.67-9.11Kg/day with animals on 10, 20 and 40% PKC showed significant (P<0.05) difference across the treatments. Average daily weight gain was highest (1.33kg) for animal on 10% PKC followed by (1.31kg) on 30% PKC inclusion. No significant differences (P>0.05) was observed in average weight gain for animals on diets containing 0 20 and 40% PKC inclusions. All the experimental bulls attained an average weight gain of between 1.13Kg to 1.33Kg. Cost per Kg gain was highest at 0% PKC inclusion and lowest at 40% PKC. Net benefit (NB) and value of weight gain (VWG) were significantly (P<0.05) higher for bulls on 10 and 30% PKC inclusion. There was positive net benefit and Return to Investment (ROI) on feed across treatments. The inclusion of PKC lead to reduction in feed
NEMATODE PARASITES OF WATERLEAF (Talinum triangulare) IN OBIO-AKPOR AND IKWERRE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Tanimola Adebowale Adegboyega , Asimiea A. O. , Uwaoma G.
Published: June 2021

Waterleaf, Talinum triangulare is cultivated in home gardens and fields to improve nutritional quality for the family and a source of livelihood for farmers. However, the role of T. triangulare is often counteracted by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Effective management of PPNs will depend on the identification and determination of their population and distribution. A survey was conducted in two Local Government Areas (LGAs), Ikwerre and Obio-Akpor of Rivers State to identify plant-parasitic nematodes associated with waterleaf. Multistage random sampling technique was employed in the collection of 60 bulked soil and root samples across six waterleaf monoculture farming communities. The nematodes were extracted, identified and their population determined using standard procedures. Occurrences, relative importance values (RIV) and diversity indices were determined. Other data were analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Six plant-parasitic nematodes genera were encountered in this study, Helicotylenchus, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus, Meloidogyne, Scutellonema and Tylenchulus. Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus were the most frequently occurring nematode pest genera with equal relative frequency of occurrence of 38.89%. Pratylenchus species with RIV of 61.34% was the most important nematode pest associated with waterleaf across the six farm communities. The dominance index of 0.71 for the nematode genera showed that some nematode species dominated others. Alakahia farms had the highest population of plant-parasitic nematodes (2,780) across the six farm communities, whereas Omagwa farms had the lowest (250). The study showed that nematode pests are associated with waterleaf and could be contributing to yield losses in this crop
SPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMMES IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
Authors: Oyedepo John A. , Oyedepo E. O. , Adeola A. A. , Omotayo A. M.
Published: June 2021

The paper examines the relevance of geospatial maps and technics in execution of livelihood support projects among rural poor.  Previous attempts towards driving the poor along prosperity pathways in Nigeria have failed because of incorrect deployment of interventions in time and space. Global positioning systems and Geographical information systems were employed in this study to provide insight to the challenges faced by previous livelihood support projects in the country while also providing a robust spatial decision support system for geographical targeting of interventions to vulnerable households. The study selected 1,459 households from the 42,000 households adopted for the Feed the Future Project in 3 northern States namely; Sokoto, Kebbi States and the Federal Capital Territory. Acquired survey data were converted into GIS maps so as to expose hidden trends in the characteristics of target population and to suggest the best options for interventions. The data were subjected to spatial analysis such as simple distance analysis. The outcomes revealed 86% of sampled households to be largely below the poverty line. This is mainly due to poor access to facilities like health care, markets, good roads, agricultural inputs, agricultural information and advisory services. 10 % of children’s absolute score of Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) revealed acute malnutrition. 42 % of the household however now have stronger safety nets as a result of the interventions. The study found Spatial Information technology highly useful in social intervention project as the one by the Feed the Future project
MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HURA CREPITANS L. (EUPHORBIACEAE) AS PROSPECTIVE RESOURCE FOR PULP AND PAPERMAKING
Authors: Tembe E. T. , Ekhuemelo David Oriabure , Astuwe R.
Published: June 2021

Hura crepitans L. (Euphorbiaceae) is a tropic tree species that was investigated for pulp and paper characteristics in this study. The diameters of five (5) different stands of Hura crepitans trees were first determined using diameter tape. Wood slivers were obtained from sapwood of the trees parallel to grain and at three (3) different positions along the axis, at the base (5%), middle (50%) and top (90%). The wood slivers were macerated in a mixture of equal volumes of glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at between 80 -100 degrees Celsius for 2 hours. Macerated fibres were washed and used to prepare microscopic slides where 15 fibres were measured per slide. Data recorded was subjected to One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Results show that both the primary fibre characteristics and derived characteristics were significantly different at p<0.05? The mean fibre characteristics ranged as follows, Fibre lengths (0.87-1.16 mm), Fibre diameter (18.84 - 24.44 µm), Lumen width (9.92-16.89 µm) and Cell wall thickness (3.93-4.60 µm). The derived mean fibre characteristics ranged as follows; Runkel ratio (0.36-0.78), Elasticity coefficient (44.20-67.91%), Rigidity coefficient (15.98-27.82 %) and Slenderness ratio (0.44-0.80). This result implies that Hura crepitans has short fibres with high flexibility, which can collapse easily and form a fully bonded paper and is therefore recommended for pulp and paper production
MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEXT OF RISK CULTURE
Authors: Gorzeń-Mitka Iwona
Published: June 2021

In recent years (especially in the context of the financial sector) we can find many debates (public and academic) which emphasise the need to change mindsets in management (Gorzeń-Mitka, 2012). This discussion is a result of the dynamically changing external and internal conditions of the functioning of organizations. At the same time, we observe great progress over the past decade in developing effective tools and techniques for managing (also risk and complexity) within organizations. But management is carried out by people. Their awareness of threats and opportunities determines the effectiveness of the whole management process within the organization. One of the themes of this discussion is to indicate the need for changes in the area of organizational culture by creating the so-called risk culture.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN SMALL AND MEDIUM – SIZED ENTERPRISES: A GENDER-SENSITIVE APPROACH
Authors: Gorzeń-Mitka Iwona
Published: June 2021

Risk is inherent in all business functions and in every kind of activity. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are particularly vulnerable to continuously daily internal and external undesirable events that adversely affect business performance. To deal with many risk determinants effectively, SMEs need a systemic method of approach to risk management. One of the factors of company risk management approach is gender of the owners or top executives. Especially from a managerial perspective, the link between risk-taking and gender has been examined through a wide range of approaches, such as entrepreneurial orientation and leadership related literatures. Some researchers point that male SME owners appear to show a greater risk appetite than female SME owners. The leading question in the undertaken research was to determine whether the gender of the firm's owners or top executives are reflected in the approach to risk management. The focal point of the research is identification of differences in risk taking and risk management in Polish SMEs companies from a gender perspective. Key words: risk management, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), gender differences in risk management.
Flora and Fauna in Danau Singkarak (Ecolinguistic Study)
Authors: Akmal  , Dwi Widayati
Published: June 2021

This article is focused on the ecolinguistics which discusses about the ecology study and linguistic study. This study discusses about the flora and fauna around Dana Singkarak area. It aims to give the name of plantations and animals which live so long near the lake. The animals are also so a little and nearly endanger because many people search the animals and plantation. They find out some animals to sell in the market because the cost is expensive and the animals meats are so delicious and full of vitamins so that there are some animals that have endanger and difficult to find. Then the plantation also nearly endanger because there are so many pollutions either air pollution or water pollution that have made the humans as the predators of them. This search has found some the unique plantations. So in the context of preserving the habitat of flora and fauna around Danau Singkarak. Because of that, ecolinguistics is to rename the flora and fauna to write in the dokumen or library and it will be useful for the next generations.
An Analysis of Interpersonal Meaning of Modal Verbs in Abstracts from Scientific Papers: Case Study of Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Authors: Xu Zhen , Yi Zhang
Published: June 2021

The aims of this study are to explore the distribution features of modal verbs in abstracts from scientific papers, analyze the reasons for those features and figure out the role modal verbs play in achieving interpersonal meaning. The study has selected 60 abstracts randomly from Progress in Aerospace Sciences from 2015 to 2019 as research samples. It combines Halliday’s value of modality with Biber et al.’s two classifications to process modal verbs. The instruments adopted in this research are AntConc 3.2.4, manual sorting and SPSS Statistics 21. Based on the results, the study finds that: firstly, the overall occurrence of modal verbs in 60 abstracts is 59 times, among which low-value modal verbs are the most frequently distributed (74.6%), median-value modal verbs the second (22.0%) and high-value modal verbs the least (3.4%); secondly, the achievement of interpersonal meaning relies on value of modality, and when the value of modality is lower, a better degree of interpersonal meaning can be achieved; thirdly, high-value modal verbs achieve tough interpersonal meaning, median-value modal verbs achieve comfortable interpersonal meaning, and low-value modal verbs achieve harmonious interpersonal meaning.
Current COVID-19 Surges in Bangladesh 2021
Authors: Faiz MA
Published: June 2021

Abstract not available

Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 77-78
Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations in COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Quraishi Firoz Ahmed , Rahman Aminur , Twinkle Furial Quraishi
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) is causing a worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 within a short span of time. Although patients with COVID-19 primarily present with fever and respiratory illness; a wide range of symptoms involving different systems have been described. While the neurological sequelae of the virus remain poorly understood, there are a growing number of reports of neurological manifestation of COVID-19.The neurological manifestation including both central and peripheral nervous system are increasingly reported in a very subset of COVID-19 patients. The SARS-CoV-2 enters the body mainly via the ACE- 2 receptors within the respiratory system, which causes the body to initiate an immunologic response against potential damage to non-renewable cells. There’s increasing evidence of accumulating that COVID-19, particularly in severe cases, can have neurological consequences although respiratory symptoms nearly always develop before neurological ones. Patients with pre-existing neurological conditions could also be at elevated risk for COVID-19 associated neurological symptoms. The neurological presentations of COVID-19 patients maybe acute and post-acute state. The acute presentations are classified into specific (such as stroke, encephalitis, acute polyneuropathy, etc.) and nonspecific (such as delirium, headache, dizziness, etc.) symptoms with anatomical involvement of either central nervous system including brain or spinal cord, and/or peripheral nervous system, neuromuscular junctions or muscles. Several neurological symptoms have also been demonstrated in post-acute or long covid-19 syndrome. There is a possibility to overlook or misinterpretation of, neurological symptoms in some COVID-19 patients. In infants and young children, the foremost common CNS phenomena are febrile seizures; in adults, non-focal abnormalities will be either neurological or constitutional. To date, neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are described largely within the disease trajectory, and also the long-term effects of such manifestations still remain unexplored and unfolded. This article is intended to review the possible neuro-invasive routes of SARS-CoV-2 and its mechanisms which initiate the neurological damage with neurological presentations of COVID-19 patients.

Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 120-137
Therapeutic Aspects of Hydrotherapy: A Review
Authors: Chowdhury Ranajit Sen , Islam Md Daharul , Akter Khaleda , Sarkar Mohammad Abdus Sattar , Roy Tanima , Rahman SM Tajdit
Published: June 2021

Hydrotherapy is a procedure where water of different temperatures are used to relieve pain and treat illness. This review describes about different conditions of water treatments. Hydrotherapy can help treat a variety of conditions, including arthritis, stomach problems, sleep disorders, stress and depression. The theory behind hydrotherapy is that water has healing properties that can mitigate various ailments and conditions. Different states of water such as ice, liquid, and steam is used in the treatment of various conditions. Water cure therapies comprise enema therapy, gel therapy etc. and also includes colonic hydrotropic, sitz bath, hydro-massage, wraps and compress methods. Cryotherapy, cold water immersion or ice bath could be a new treatment method thatis used by physical therapists, sports medicine facilities and rehab clinics.

Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 138-141
Use of Allopurinol in Slowing the Progress of Chronic Kidney Disease Stage III and IV
Authors: Osmani Abdus Salam , Khatun Momena , Chowdhury Nasreen , Akter Khaleda , Islam Md Daharul
Published: June 2021

Background: Hyperuricemia is associated with the event of hypertension and renal disease progression. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of allopurinol in slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage III and IV.

Methods: This study was prospective interventional study was carried out in department of Nephrology, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of January 2014 to December 2014. On the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 80CKD patients were enrolled in this study.80 patients were distributed in two groups. 40 patients were placed in treatment group and 40 patients were placed in control group. Purposive sampling method was followed.40 patients of treatment group were administered allopurinol 100 mg daily. Clinical, hematologic, and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline, at 4th month and 8th month of treatment.

Results: No significant differences were seen between baseline SBP, DBP, Hb and HbA1c with 4th month and 8th follow up in both treatment group and control group. eGFR was significantly less declined at 4th months and 8thmonths in patient treated with allopurinol (treatment group). A negative Pearson’s correlation (r= -0.104; p=0.524) was found between uric acid with eGFR at 8th month in treatment group and significant positive Pearson’s correlation (r= 0.559 p=0.001) was found with CRP level. eGFR was significantly more declined at 4th months and 8th months in patient of control group. In control group a negative Pearson’s correlation (r= -0.126 p=0.437) was found between uric acid with eGFR at 8th month and positive Pearson’s correlation (r= 0.275 p=0193) was found with CRP level.

Conclusions: Uric acid and CRP were significantly declined at 8th months in treatment group. Thus eGFR progression was significantly slow in treatment group at 4thmonths and 8th months from baseline due to positive effect of allopurinol by reducing inflammatory process that causes by high uric acid.

Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 85-89
Acute Kidney Injury in Crush Syndrome and Renal Disaster-Experience in Bangladesh after garment factory collapse
Authors: Gupta Ratan Das , Islam Nazrul , Debnath Dilip Kumar , Morshed Syed Mahbub , Rahman Aminur
Published: June 2021

Background: Crush-syndrome usually resulting from earthquake and other natural disaster causes mortality and morbidity. A multistoried garment factory collapsed in Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh on 24th April 2013 with about 4000 workers. Among the rescued victims, many of them develop crush – syndrome and AKI that led to a man-made renal disaster in Bangladesh. We analyzed outcome of severe AKI patient who required renal replacement therapy.

Methods: Victims from accident site were first treated in primarily local hospital and primary care center. Suspected crush syndrome patients were rapidly transferred to tertiary hospital for dialysis and ICU support. We collect data of severe AKI patient by a standard questionnairebased onrenal disaster relief force – crush syndrome patient questionnaire.

Results: We had experienced many AKI and crush syndrome after collapsed garment factory with 3500 workers which created a manmade renal disaster. We observed 27 severe AKI due to crush syndrome of Rana plaza with mean age 25.12 years, most of them were female (51.85%). Victims rescued as early as possible, average rescue time was 20.30 hours, 62.96% developed compartment syndrome and required fasciotomy. All of them got dialysis treatment; some of them required ICU support. Among all, 67% recovered completely and 26% died. Main causes of death were infection and DIC with MOF.

Conclusions: Crush injury victims who developed severe AKI, required dialysis. Severe AKI patients who required dialysis had high mortality and morbidity. Early intervention to prevent AKI and complications may reduce mortality and morbidity.

Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 107-112
Guillain-Barre Syndrome in a Case of Typhoid Fever: an Uncommon Association
Authors: Momen Abdul Basit Ibne , Twinkle Furial Quraishi , Rahman Aminur , Quraishi Firoz Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) following typhoid is extremely uncommon and only few case reports are available in literature. The importance of this case report is to highlight upon the fact that a diagnosis of GBS should always be kept in mind whenever a patient of typhoid fever develops weakness. We report a young girl with blood culture proven typhoid fever that developed this very rare neurological complication quite early in the course of the disease. Following treatment with intravenous antibiotics and intravenous immunoglobulin, she was improved.

Bangladesh J Medicine July 2021; 32(2) : 142-144