bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data and transaction security as priority in operationalizing blockchain technology in ferry transportation: a literature review
Authors: Sarjana Sri
Published: December 2024

Blockchain technology has a potential benefit of becoming valuable asset in ferry transportation industry to increase safety, transparency, efficiency and meet increasing market demands in meeting safety and sustainability standards. This study aims to find the important role of blockchain technology in the development of ferry transportation. Two main approaches in describing analytical techniques include bibliometrics to find derivatives of blockchain technology concept, and analytical hierarchy process to obtain alternative priorities in the development of ferry transportation. Journal publications within last ten years obtained through searches on Google Scholar are used as the main data in developing scientific literature analysis. The results found that several alternatives play an important role in the development of blockchain technology applied to ferry transportation include data and transaction security, supply chain tracking, identity and access management, operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, interoperability with external systems, transparency and accountability. Three alternatives in developing blockchain technology are main priority in this study and potential to have high novelty value, including data and transaction security, operational efficiency and supply chain tracking. The results of study recommend that the operationalization of ferry transportation really requires the development of blockchain technology to encourage increased safety and sustainability of ferry transportation.
Optimization of disaster management vessel networks in integrated disaster management governance in Indonesia using genetic algorithm
Authors: Rasyid Erwin , Artana Ketut Buda , Sambodho Kriyo
Published: December 2024

Indonesia is highly susceptible to natural disasters due to its location at the convergence of three major tectonic plates: the Indo-Australian, Eurasian, and Pacific plates. These disasters significantly impact the nation’s economic development. This study focuses on natural hazards such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides, floods, and flash floods. Currently, maritime disaster management primarily involves ships from the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI). However, this often leads to mismatches between disaster-prone areas and the locations of available ships, resulting in delayed emergency response times and higher disaster management costs. In addition to TNI ships, the government has vessels from the National Search and Rescue Agency (BASARNAS) and the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency (BAKAMLA) that could be utilized for disaster management. There are also situations where certain response functions cannot be effectively performed by ships, leading to inadequate assistance for disaster victims and potentially increasing fatalities. This research aims to optimize the use of existing ships for disaster management by considering operational costs and coverage areas through the application of the Genetic Algorithm (GA) method. GA is used to identify the optimal combination of ships that minimize costs and maximize coverage areas. The findings of this study provide several ship combinations suitable for responding to natural disasters in Indonesia, which can serve as valuable input for the government in enhancing disaster management efforts.
Investigating Post-fire Critical Area of ship base on Numerical Fire Simulation
Authors: Anggara S , Komariyah S , Hariadi R F , Lesmana R
Published: December 2024

Ship fires are recognized as significant maritime incidents that can lead to substantial losses, including loss of life. In events where fires severely compromise a vessel’s structural integrity, the costs associated with comprehensive repairs can be exorbitant, placing considerable pressure on shipowners. Ensuring post-fire structural integrity is paramount. Therefore, it is essential to provide technical considerations that aid shipowners and classification societies in identifying critical areas of a ship’s structure that require replacement. This study aims to investigate the post-fire critical areas of ship structures through numerical fire simulations. By leveraging the properties of steel, which can undergo microstructural changes when subjected to high temperatures and rapid cooling, critical structural areas can be identified based on fire-induced heat exposure. A specific case study involving a fire incident aboard a 7,500 GT bulk carrier, triggered by the failure of an auxiliary engine, is examined. The simulations utilize on-site data and actual post-fire conditions to draw robust conclusions. The insights derived from this research are expected to enhance the understanding of the impacts of fire on ship construction and facilitate more efficient and accurate post-fire inspections.
Leveraging Bayesian Network to Improve the Marine Insurance’s Condition Survey Form for Passenger Vessel
Authors: Faishal M , Gurning R O S , Santoso A , Waskito D H
Published: December 2024

To prevent the losses caused by accidents in passenger vessel, marine insurance is becoming one of the alternative solutions for the vessel’s owner to retain their financial capability. One of the most essential phases in marine insurance is survey inspection, which utilises survey condition forms as guidance. However, the current form is not designed explicitly for particular vessel types, leading to inaccurate insurance assessment. The primary objective of this study is to identify and develop an adaptive and comprehensive condition survey form for passenger vessels in Indonesia by incorporating a qualitative and quantitative risk assessment, which will be the cornerstone of this study. The Bayesian Network (BN) approach was utilised to analyse several factors that lead to a sinking accident. Twenty-one accident data from Indonesian passenger vessels were utilised as base data for generating the conditional probability. The results indicated that vessel structural defect and unqualified crew are the two most significant factors contributing to the sinking accident’s critical events, such as loss of stability and buoyancy. A practical improvement for the existing survey form has been proposed, which will benefit marine surveyor companies by enhancing the safety and accuracy of ship assessment.
Evaluation of tree species suitability in Pesanggrahan Sangga Buana Urban Forest, South Jakarta
Authors: Haromaen C R , Hermawan R , Pamoengkas P
Published: December 2024

The development of an urban forest requires planning by selecting appropriate tree species based on the site so that the benefits and functions of the urban forest are optimal. This study aimed to assess the level of suitability between the tree species based on factor aggregate of biomorphology-ecology characteristics, management, aesthetic-safety, and tree health. Research procedures include determining evaluation factor criteria, data collection, weighting criteria using the Analytical Hierarchy Process, preparing tree species suitability evaluation equations, and determining the level of suitability of tree species in each area. The research produced equations for evaluating the suitability of tree species in: a) jogging track= 0,16.B + 0,48.M + 0,07.E + 0,29.K, b) river border= 0,20.B + 0,24.M + 0,05.E + 0,50.K, c) playground= 0,11.B + 0,28.M + 0,14.E + 0,46.K; where: B = biomorfology-ecology characteristic factor score, M= management factor score, E= aesthetic factor score, and K= health factor score. The tree species most suitable on the jogging track area are breadfruit and cotton fruit. The leucaena, june plum, and jackfruit trees have high suitability at the river border. Rain, butterfly, gnetum, frangipani, and matoa are very suitable.
Fragmented forests in highly industrialized Batam Island, Indonesia: A vital pocket for biodiversity conservation of Rubroshorea curtisii (Dipterocarpaceae)
Authors: Firdamayanti A , Alawy F , Saifimar C , Galingging A , Wijaya K , Rachmat H H
Published: December 2024

Rubroshorea curtisii (Meranti Seraya) is a species in the Dipterocarpaceae family that is of ecological and economic signi8icance. The distribution of these species in Indonesia has been reported only in Sumatra, Singkep, and Lingga, and it is currently found in Batam Island, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia. The pressure of development on Batam has caused the forest to be fragmented into smaller parts and signi8icantly reduced the natural habitat of Rubroshorea curtisii. The objective of this research was to assess the synecology of Rubroshorea curtisii species to determine whether the fragmented forest landscape in Batam is an important biodiversity patch for Rubroshorea curtisii by analyzing its structure, composition, and abundance in the Sei Harapan and Bukit Tiban fragmented forests. The study used a vegetation analysis approach employing purposive sampling in 12 circular plots for each site where Rubroshorea curtisii grew naturally. In the Sei Harapan Fragmented Forest, the Important Value Index for the species was 138.01% (tree), 46.48% (pole), 23.38% (sapling), and 27.12% (seedling), while in the Bukit Tiban fragmented forest was 121.79% (tree), 26.67% (sapling), and 30.31% (seedling). At the pole stage, Calophyllum inophylloide had the highest Important Value Index (22.62%). Regarding the diversity index, all growth stages were considered high and medium, with 3,12 (seedling), 3.37 (sapling), 2.91 (pole), and 2,09 (tree) in the Sei Harapan fragmented forest, and 3,12 (seedling), 3.45 (sapling), and 3,44 (pole), 2.33 (tree). The evenness index is all categorized as high, with 0.94 (seedling), 0.94 (sapling), 0.93 (pole), and 0.72 (tree) in Sei Harapan fragmented forest and also categorized as high in Bukit Tiban fragmented forest with 0.91 (seedling), 0.93 (sapling), 0.94 (pole), and 0.72 (tree). The species richness index in the Sei Harapan fragmented forest is classi8ied as high with 6.62 (seedling), 8.06 (sapling), and 5.78 (pole), but at the tree level, it is classi8ied as medium with a value of 4.10. In the Bukit Tiban area, all life stages are categorized as having a high level of species richness, with 6.42 (seedling), 9.26 (sapling), 8.67 (pole), and 5.37 (tree). The study revealed that the fragmented forest on the highly industrialized island of Batam serves as a forest pocket that preserves valuable tropical biodiversity.
Tree Health Analysis of Old Vatica pauciflora (Korth.) Blume in Bogor Botanical Gardens Using Forest Health Monitoring Method
Authors: Rachmadiyanto AN , Azzahra NF , Sudiana E , Wahyuni S
Published: December 2024

Vatica pauciflora (Korth.) Blume (Dipterocarpaceae), also known as resak rawa, is a vital tree classified as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Resak rawa can be found in the Bogor Botanical Gardens (BBG) for research and tourism purposes. It is essential to analyze the tree’s damage to assess its health and ensure the safety of visitors. The Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method is used in this study. The study aims to evaluate the health of old V. pauciflora trees (>50 years) in the BBG and investigate the relationship between the tree’s age and health level. Fourteen V. pauciflora trees aged 50–117 years were selected for the study. The parameters observed include the type, location, and severity of damage. The results indicate that the older V. pauciflora trees in BBG are generally healthy, with an average Tree Health Index (THI) of 4.24. There is a moderate correlation between the age of the tree and its health level (y=10,680+470.42lnX; R2=0.34; r=0.59). Recommendations for treating V. pauciflora include mechanical, chemical, and biological control methods to address tree damage. These findings can help mitigate the risk posed by damaged V. pauciflora trees.
Enhancement of Urban Forest into Healing Forest towards Sustainable Urban Ecosystem
Authors: Kania V D , Dahlan M Z , Faisal B
Published: December 2024

The city of Bandung was known as the second-most populous city in West Java Province. This dense population contributes to a modern lifestyle, leading to stress. Nature therapy, such as activity in a healing forest, can help to alleviate stress. Babakan Siliwangi Urban Forest (BSUF) in Bandung City offers ecological, social, and cultural services that merit recognition as a healing forest. Therefore, this study evaluated whether BSUF complies with the Indonesian National Standard for Healing Forests requirements. Additionally, it aims to incorporate the healing forest concept into the existing design, thereby transforming the urban forest of BSUF into a healing forest. We used the survey method, questionnaires, and interviews to gather primary data about users’ perceptions of the landscape design of BSUF. This study also conducted observations to assess the physical environment of BSUF compared to Indonesian national standards. We found that the landscape elements of BSUF do not meet the required criteria despite the physical environment being quite suitable. Additional landscape elements and appropriate landscape designs are necessary to improve the physical environment of BSUF and make it a healing forest. Based on the evaluation of the landscape elements and the physical environment, we recommend creating a more comfortable resting place on the forest walk and improving the design of a spring area to be safer and more interesting.
Application of micro fertilizers and seed bomb on the growth of swamp jelutung (Dyera polyphylla (Miq.) Steenis) and paddy (Oryza sativa L.) on peat soil
Authors: Hartoyo A P P , Safitri D E , Muhammad D N , Madani H N , Rahayu A N , Solikhin A , Setiawan Y , Muryunika R
Published: December 2024

Peatland degradation requires accelerated rehabilitation through species selection, such as swamp Jelutung (Dyera polyphylla) and Inpara 2 paddy (Oryza sativa). Additionally, fertilizers with seed-coating (seed bombs) can improve the plants’ growth. This study aimed to analyze the effect of micro-fertilizers and seed bomb techniques on developing D. polyphylla and paddy in peat soil. The design of the growth experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with the factor of micro fertilizers application (consisting of micro-crystalline cellulose (MK), micro-lignocellulose (ML), activated micro-carbon (MT), and non-activated micro-carbon (MNT) with concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) and the form of seed bomb (ball and box). The results showed that applying micro fertilizers and seed bombs can increase pH, macronutrients, and micronutrients, as well as reduce Al content in the soil. Application of MK3% (seedbox), MK7% (seedball), MK5% (seedbox), MK3% (seedbox), and MK7% (seedball) resulted in the best growth of D. polyphylla in percent germination, plant height, root length, wet weight, and dry weight respectively. The best paddy growth was shown in MNT3% (seedbox), MK5% (seedball), MNT5% (seedbox), MT1% (seedbox), and MK7% (seedball) treatments in percent germination, plant height, root length, wet weight, and dry weight respectively.
Floristic Diversity in Mangrove Restoring Area-Pante Bayam, Aceh
Authors: Harefa M S , Tuhono E , Nasution Z , Nikmah R U , Pratama F Y
Published: December 2024

The conversion and degradation of mangrove ecosystems for other purposes has damaged some mangrove covers, particularly in Aceh province. Several restoration initiatives have been undertaken, including planting native species in degraded areas. This study examines the flora diversity in a mangrove rehabilitation area dominated by the Xylocarpus granatum species in Pante Bayam, Aceh. A survey method was employed to assess vegetation in the one-hectare area at Pante Bayam. Based on the findings, the X. granatum restoration area encompasses eight species. X. granatum had the highest IVI throughout all growth stages, followed by Scyphiphora hydrophylacea, Avicennia marina, and Rhizophora apiculata. The sapling stage had the highest diversity value of 1.39 (medium), while the tree stage had the lowest at 0.25. Despite the low value of species diversity, the research results indicated that new seedlings were being recruited at the research area. The emergence of new species, particularly pioneer species, in the research area suggests that natural succession is continuing.
Light focusing of aluminium film-coated capsule-shaped particles with penetrated cylinder
Authors: Wu Tongmiao , Zhu Binjie , Ye Zhipeng , Zhang Yaxuan , Bai Sisi , Lian Shuang , Que Tianxing , Wu Pinghui , Li Xiaojie , Cai Shuangshuang , Jiang Peipei
Published: December 2024

Microsphere-assisted imaging technology has proven to be a powerful tool for breaking through the Abbe diffraction limit. Appropriate innovation of microsphere structures is of great significance for the design of microlenses. In this paper, a micro-cylinder was added to the center of the microsphere covered with a patchy aluminium film to form a patchy capsule-shaped particle model. The finite difference time domain simulation method was used to simulate the light field. The research model can effectively improve the relevant parameters of focused beams of various structures (photonic nanojet (PNJ), photonic hook (PH), S-shaped PH. In particular, the effective length can be doubled. By changing the position of the patchy aluminium film, the conversion between PNJ, PH and S-shaped PH can be achieved. By changing the height of the central cylinder, a narrower S-shaped PH and more S-shaped PH inflection points can be produced. This work is expected to have potential applications in the fields of nanolithography, super-resolution imaging, light harvesting, micromachining and other fields.
Chaos secure communication based on free-running VCSEL system
Authors: Wang Yiqiao , Zhang Xueting , Mu Penghua , Tao Junyan
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we propose a parallel injection chaotic system involving three vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). First, the chaotic synchronization performance of the system is evaluated using the cross-correlation function. Then, we analyze in detail the effects of injection strength, frequency detuning, and parameter mismatch on the chaotic synchronization and information transmission of the system. Numerical studies indicate that the proposed parallel injection chaotic system based on three VCSELs can achieve high-quality chaotic synchronization over a wide bandwidth and a broad range of input parameters. Furthermore, even in the case of parameter mismatch, high-quality chaotic synchronization and communication can still be achieved. Additionally, with appropriate injection strength, the system can compensate for the efficiency reduction caused by parameter mismatch.
Simulation and investigation of optical artificial neuron by optical injection in semiconductor laser
Authors: Jaber Mustafa M , Hemed Ayser A
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the experimental implementation of a feed-forward (FF) optical neural network (ONN) using optical injection. Two follower laser diodes (FLD1, FLD2) are subjected to chaotic modulation, with their respective signal weights adjusted via optical filtration. The study analyses the behavior of these FLDs during FF operation, focusing on frequency spectra derived from time series data. The research examines the impact of both signal weights and control parameters, including the bias voltage of the influencer laser diodes (ILD1, ILD2), on the FLDs. A maximum FWHM of 1.7 GHz is observed for FLD2 when both the bias voltage is set to 4 V, and the modulated signal is attenuated to −20 dB. To assess the synchronization state, the correlation between the ILDs and FLDs is calculated. Results show fluctuations between positive and negative values, with a maximum correlation of 0.42 observed for FLD1 when influenced by FLD2’s voltage. These findings demonstrate an anti-synchronized relationship between the ILDs and FLDs, a crucial requirement for ensuring privacy in a chaotic optical communication system, simulating an ONN.
Electrical magnetochiral anisotropy and quantum metric in chiral conductors
Authors: Jiang Yiyang , Yi Qinyan , Yan Binghai
Published: December 2024

Electrical magnetochiral anisotropy (EMCA) refers to the chirality- and current-dependent nonlinear magnetoresistance in chiral conductors and is commonly interpreted in a semiclassical picture. In this work, we reveal a quantum geometry origin of EMCA using a chiral rectangular lattice model that resembles a chiral organic conductor (DM-EDT-TTF)

2

ClO

4

studied for EMCA recently and exhibits symmetry-protected Dirac bands similar to those of graphene. Compared to the semiclassical term, we find that Dirac states contribute significantly to both traditional longitudinal EMCA and the unconventional transverse EMCA via the quantum metric when Fermi energy is close to the Dirac point. Besides, we discover that a topological insulator state can emerge once spin–orbit coupling is added to our chiral model lattice. Our work paves a path toward understanding quantum geometry in the magnetotransport of chiral materials.
Weak Value Quantum Metrology beyond Weak Interaction
Authors: Yoo Seung-Yeun , Kim Yosep , Kim U-Shin , Lee Chung-Hyun , Kim Yoon-Ho
Published: December 2024

Weak value amplification is crucial in quantum metrology because it enhances the detection of subtle interactions between quantum entities. However, current weak value quantum metrology techniques are only effective for extremely weak interactions, significantly narrowing its range of potential applications. In this work, we present the `metrological weak value,' designed for use with quantum interactions of any strengths, making it unnecessary to have prior knowledge of how strong or weak a quantum interaction might be.Additionally, we demonstrate an adaptive estimation scheme for weak value quantum metrology tailored for gauging an undetermined interaction strength. This scheme, rooted in metrological weak value measurements, aligns perfectly with the quantum Cramér-Rao lowest bound. The versatility and effectiveness of the metrological weak value enables weak value quantum metrology beyond weak interactions, paving the way for precision in quantum measurement and broadening its utility across various quantum systems.
Metropolitan construction carbon emission efficiency: an integrative static-dynamic analytical framework
Authors: Hu Jianing , Yao Wanxiang , Cai Gangwei , Zhao Qinfeng , Wang Chanjuan , Xu Tongyu , Shi Chunyan , Gao Weijun
Published: December 2024

Taking urgent action to combat climate change and promote sustainable cities are part of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, which demand immediate action from all countries. Enhancing the carbon emission efficiency of the construction industry (CICEE) from the ‘static-dynamic’ perspective is crucial in addressing climate change. This study utilized the super slack-based measure model to analyze static efficiency. The Malmquist-Luenberger index model, multiple non-linear regression model, and principal component analysis were used to research the driving factors dynamically. Factors included technical change (TC), pure technical efficiency change (PEC), and scale efficiency change (SEC), which were subdivided into 21 variables. The panel data was from 11 cities in Zhejiang from 2007 to 2019. The results indicated that while static carbon efficiency values were generally effective, more than half of the cities experienced a significant decline in carbon efficiency in 2019, with an average decrease of 52%. Efficiency levels were higher in northern Zhejiang and lower in the southeastern region. CICEE values over one were primarily attributed to high TC levels and stable PEC and SEC conditions. Additionally, a generalized framework for improving CICEE was constructed, assisting policymakers in identifying reasons for low CICEE and providing targeted strategies to reduce emissions and increase efficiency.
Diffusion models for super-resolution microscopy: a tutorial
Authors: Bachimanchi Harshith , Volpe Giovanni
Published: December 2024

Diffusion models have emerged as a prominent technique in generative modeling with neural networks, making their mark in tasks like text-to-image translation and super-resolution. In this tutorial, we provide a comprehensive guide to build denoising diffusion probabilistic models from scratch, with a specific focus on transforming low-resolution microscopy images into their corresponding high-resolution versions in the context of super-resolution microscopy. We provide the necessary theoretical background, the essential mathematical derivations, and a detailed Python code implementation using PyTorch. We discuss the metrics to quantitatively evaluate the model, illustrate the model performance at different noise levels of the input low-resolution images, and briefly discuss how to adapt the tutorial for other applications. The code provided in this tutorial is also available as a Python notebook in the supplementary information.
Decarbonization potential of fuel cell technologies in micro-cogeneration applications: spotlight on SOFCs in a Belgian case study
Authors: Paulus Nicolas
Published: December 2024

There is a plethora of fuel cell technologies, many of which hold great promise in terms of their decarbonisation potential, which this paper aims to explore. In fact, this paper is primarily based on the only two existing technologies on the market, polymer exchange membrane fuel cells and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Unfortunately, these commercial systems mainly use natural gas as primary fuel due to its cost and practicality (easy transport and storage, existing infrastructures, etc). Using Belgium as a case study, this paper shows that their GHG mitigation potential remains rather insignificant compared to the average individual carbon footprint if their fuel is not decarbonised. Even so, their mitigation potential would still be far from sufficient, and other measures, including behavioural changes, would still need to be implemented. Nevertheless, some emerging fuel cell technologies, such as direct carbon SOFCs (DC-SOFCs) or direct formic acid fuel cells, offer the possibility of facilitating pure CO2 capture at their anode outlet, thus allowing for potential negative emissions. Using a case study of the electricity demand of an average Belgian home (with two adults) supplied by an efficient biomass-fuelled DC-SOFC, this paper shows that these negative emissions could be up to about 4 tCO2eq yr−1 . By comparison, the IPCC’s Sixth Assessment Report estimated the emissions footprint that could never be mitigated, even with future net-zero CO2 emissions, to be 1 tCO2eq yr−1 per capita, implying that climate neutrality will require similar levels of carbon sequestration. In populous Western countries, natural carbon sinks are unlikely to be sufficient, and the potential negative emissions of emerging fuel cell technologies will be welcome.
A compact wideband coupler design for 5G applications
Authors: Abouhssous Khadija , Zugari Asmaa , Mchbal Aicha , al Rimi Ahmed Abbas , el Ouahabi Mohssine , Zakriti Alia
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces the design of a compact, broadband coupler tailored for 5G applications. The proposed innovative approach deftly combines two distinct techniques: stepped impedance structures and meandering paths. This integration aims not only to miniaturize the coupler and expand its bandwidth but also to uphold exceptional performance, particularly within the core 3.5 GHz frequency band. The method achieves a notable 59% reduction in size compared to conventional designs and realizes an impressive fractional bandwidth of 40%. These attributes make the design particularly suitable for 5G systems, which demand both compact structures and wide bandwidths to support dense signal environments and high data throughput. By uniting these techniques in a single design, this work achieves both significant size reduction and enhanced bandwidth within a streamlined structure, setting it apart from previous studies. Additionally, the coupler maintains a precise quadrature phase difference between its output ports. Extensive experimental results affirm the effectiveness of this innovative approach, highlighting its potential for designing compact, high-performance couplers suited to advanced 5G applications.
City climate action plans through the lens of the food-energy-water nexus
Authors: Mounir Adil , Chini Christopher M
Published: December 2024

The concepts of interdependent resource management have roots in the mid-20th century, and, more recently, the term ‘nexus’ has been used to describe the interconnected relationships among various resources, including food, energy, water, climate, and land. United States and European science foundations have shown a growing interest in the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus, leading to increased research on their joint management. Concurrently, in response to the looming threats of climate change, many cities in the United States have addressed climate governance by developing climate action plans (CAPs) for both mitigation and adaptation. However, one major criticism of the FEW nexus is the limited translation of the research into practical policies and implementation, such as CAPs. To assess the incorporation of FEW nexus principles into climate planning, we systematically evaluate 100 CAPs from large United States cities (population over 100 000). We identified primary themes and objectives for each resource, examining explicit or implicit connections within the CAPs. Our findings show that the energy sector is a central focus in nearly every CAP (98%), followed by water (75%), and food (66%). Within the food sector, we observed a significant emphasis on food waste reduction and composting (about 80%) compared to other food-related topics. Among water-related matters, drinking water receives the most attention, compared to wastewater and stormwater. Notably, the most discussed food-energy-water (FEW) links are those that involve energy, particularly the water-for-energy and food-for-energy connections, found in over half of the documents (56%). Our analysis promotes the integration of the FEW nexus into CAPs while discussing the barriers to its effective implementation.
Mass lumping and outlier removal strategies for complex geometries in isogeometric analysis
Authors: Voet Yannis , Sande Espen , Buffa Annalisa
Published: December 2024

Mass lumping techniques are commonly employed in explicit time integration schemes for problems in structural dynamics and both avoid solving costly linear systems with the consistent mass matrix and increase the critical time step. In isogeometric analysis, the critical time step is constrained by so-called “outlier” frequencies, representing the inaccurate high frequency part of the spectrum. Removing or dampening these high frequencies is paramount for fast explicit solution techniques. In this work, we propose mass lumping and outlier removal techniques for nontrivial geometries, including multipatch and trimmed geometries. Our lumping strategies provably do not deteriorate (and often improve) the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition of the original problem and are combined with deflation techniques to remove persistent outlier frequencies. Numerical experiments reveal the advantages of the method, especially for simulations covering large time spans where they may halve the number of iterations with little or no effect on the numerical solution.
Hochster–Eagon type theorem for Serre’s (𝑆_{𝑛}) condition
Authors: Hashimoto Mitsuyasu
Published: December 2024

Let

(
A
,

m

)
→
(
B
,

n

)

(A,\mathfrak m)\rightarrow (B,\mathfrak n)

be a pure homomorphism between Noetherian commutative rings. If

B

/

m

B

B/\mathfrak mB

is an Artinian ring, then we have

dim
⁡
A
=
dim
⁡
B

\dim A=\dim B

and

d
e
p
t
h
A
≥
d
e
p
t
h
B

depthA\geq depthB

. Using this version of Hochster–Eagon theorem, we prove the following. Let

A
→
B

A\rightarrow B

be a pure homomorphism between Noetherian commutative rings. Assume that the fiber ring

κ
(

p

)

⊗
A

B

\kappa (\mathfrak p)\otimes _A B

is Artinian for each

p

∈
S
p
e
c
A

\mathfrak p\in SpecA

, and

B
B

satisfies Serre’s

(

S
n

)

(S_n)

condition. Then

A
A

also satisfies Serre’s

(

S
n

)

(S_n)

condition. In particular, if a finite group

G
G

acts on

B
B

and the order

|

G

|

|G|

of

G
G

is invertible in

B
B

, and if

B
B

is Noetherian with the

(

S
n

)

(S_n)

condition, then the ring of invariants

A
=

B
G

A=B^G

also satisfies the

(

S
n

)

(S_n)

condition.
Polydisc contractions and regular dilations
Authors: Popovici Dan
Published: December 2024

A set of positivity conditions (obtained by Brehmer) characterizes the existence of a regular unitary dilation for a commuting multioperator. A certain positive operator, denoted by

J
0

J_0

and introduced by Curto and Vasilescu in the case of

γ
\gamma

-contractions, can be still defined if our commuting multioperator is just a polydisc contraction. We present some alternative formulas for the description of

J
0

J_0

. We give sufficient conditions (related to

J
0

J_0

) on a polydisc contraction in order to ensure the existence of regular isometric dilations and discuss the connection with the model of Curto - Vasilescu and Timotin. We prove that, if

T
T

has a regular isometric dilation, then

J
0

=
0

J_0=0

if and only if

T
T

is a polydisc isometry if and only if

T
T

has an extension in which its double commuting parts have at least one unitary operator. We also show that a multicontraction and a polydisc contraction

T
T

have a backwards multishift extension if and only if

T
T

is of class

C

0
⋅

C_{0\cdot }

if and only if

J
0

=

1

H

J_0=1_\mathscr {H}

. The main result of this paper describes the parts in the Curto-Vasilescu-Timotin model when

1

H

−

T
i
∗

T
i

=

J
0

−

T
i
∗

J
0

T
i

1_\mathscr {H}-T_i^*T_i=J_0-T_i^*J_0T_i

for

i
i

in a given subset

τ
\tau

of

{
1
,
2
,
…
,
n
}

\{1,2,\dots ,n\}

and the commuting multioperator with the components

{

T
j

∣
j
∈

τ
¯

}

\{T_j\mid j\in \bar \tau \}

has a regular isometric dilation, where

τ
¯

\bar \tau

is the complement of

τ
\tau

in

{
1
,
2
,
…
,
n
}

\{1,2,\dots ,n\}

. In particular, we improve a result of Curto and Vasilescu for the situation when

T
T

has an extension which can be represented as the direct sum between a backwards multishift and a multiunitary commuting multioperator.
Operator models for meromorphic functions of bounded type
Authors: Emmel Christian
Published: December 2024

In this article, we construct operator models on Krein spaces for meromorphic functions of bounded type. This construction is based on certain reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces which are closely related to model spaces. Specifically, we show that each function of bounded type corresponds naturally to a pair of such spaces, which extends Helson’s representation theorem. This correspondence enables an explicit construction of our model, where the Krein space is a suitable sum of these identified spaces. Additionally, we establish that the representing self-adjoint relations possess a relatively simple structure, since they turn out to be partially fundamentally reducible. Conversely, we show that realizations involving such relations correspond to functions of bounded type.
Antimicrobial stewardship in the Federal Bureau of Prisons: Combining prospective audit and feedback with formulary changes to reduce inappropriate fluoroquinolone use
Authors: Brorby Alexander , Herring Holly , Williams Evan
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Antimicrobial stewardship programs have been widely implemented with positive results in the inpatient healthcare delivery model. However, data supporting these interventions is limited in other care settings.

Formulary restrictions and conducting prospective audit and feedback (PAF) are mainstays of antimicrobial stewardship. A PAF program targeted specifically at fluoroquinolone use was implemented in the Federal Bureau of Prisons (FBOP), in addition to exclusionary formulary restrictions on ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. After implementation of these interventions, overall fluoroquinolone orders per 1,000 adults in custody (AICs) were reduced by 46.4% (P < 0.0001). The majority of PAF interventions addressed situations in which an antibiotic was unnecessary or a fluoroquinolone was not the recommended first-line agent. Over the same time period, nonformulary approval rates for ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin averaged 62%.

Conclusion

The interventions from this program provide data supporting the effectiveness of formulary changes and PAF for antimicrobial stewardship in a nontraditional care setting.
Unveiling the embryo structure in Bromeliaceae Juss. (Poales): morphological diversity, anatomy and character evolution
Authors: de Carvalho Jordano D T , Leme Elton M C , Ramírez-Morillo Ivón M , Mariath Jorge E A
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Recent studies have documented numerous morphoanatomical variations for the seed coat in Bromeliaceae. However, the structural diversity and character evolution of the embryo within this family remain largely unexplored. Given the significance of the embryo in plant diversification, this research aims to investigate the morphology and key anatomical features of Bromeliaceae embryos, providing insights into character evolution, taxonomic applications and reproductive biology.

Methods

We analysed samples of 88 species from 50 genera representing the major lineages of Bromeliaceae, using standard plant microtechniques adapted for seeds. To determine ancestral traits, parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses were performed in a consensus supertree combining previous phylogenies.

Key Results

We identified 14 informative characters, highlighting significant differences among groups, particularly in embryo morphology, differentiation and anatomical traits. Our analysis revealed that undifferentiated embryos with a vestigial cotyledonary hyperphyll are plesiomorphic in Bromeliaceae. They have evolved multiple times into rudimentary or well-differentiated embryos, the latter exhibiting intermediate or large sizes and diverse cotyledonary hyperphyll morphologies. The cotyledonary hypophyll varies in sheath lobes and slit morphologies and is curved or expanded exclusively in representatives of Bromelioideae. Likewise, several patterns of hypocotyl/radicle constriction are unique to Tillandsioideae and plesiomorphic for this clade. Although rudimentary embryos exhibit simpler and more uniform anatomy, they are distinct from undifferentiated embryos, which lack defined organs and internal tissues. In contrast, well-differentiated embryos possess more complex anatomical structures, including a multi-layered shoot apical meristem and root cap, a broad cotyledonary sheath and often leaf primordia, the last of which have evolved independently several times only in large embryos.

Conclusions

Our findings reveal a previously unknown morphological diversity for embryos in Bromeliaceae, enhancing our understanding of the morphological evolution of their major lineages. In addition, our findings introduce new informative characters for the systematics of the family and broaden our understanding of the reproductive biology of Bromeliaceae.
Repeat competition and ecological shifts drive the evolution of the mobilome in Rhynchospora Vahl (Cyperaceae), the holocentric beaksedges
Authors: Costa Lucas , Castro Natália , Buddenhagen Christopher E , Marques André , Pedrosa-Harand Andrea , Souza Gustavo
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

Genomic changes triggered by polyploidy, chromosomal rearrangements and/ or environmental stress are among factors that affect the activity of mobile elements, particularly long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) and DNA transposons. Because these elements can proliferate and move throughout host genomes, altering the genetic, epigenetic and nucleotypic landscape, they have been recognized as a relevant evolutionary force. Beaksedges (Rhynchospora) stand out for their wide cosmopolitan distribution, high diversity (~400 species) and holocentric chromosomes related to high karyotypic diversity and a centromere-specific satDNA, Tyba. This makes the genus an interesting model to investigate the interactions between repetitive elements, phylogenetic relationships and ecological variables.

Methods

Here we used comparative phylogenetic methods to investigate the forces driving the evolution of the entire set of mobile elements (mobilome) in the holocentric genus Rhynchospora. We statistically tested the impact of phylogenetic relationships, abundance of holocentromeric satDNA Tyba, diversity of repeatome composition, ecological variables and chromosome number in mobile element diversification.

Key Results

Tyba abundance was found to be inversely correlated with LTR-RT content. Decrease of LTR abundance and diversity was also related to increase in chromosome number (likely due to fission events) and colonization of dry environments in the northern hemisphere. In contrast, we found constant LTR insertions throughout time in species with lower chromosome numbers in rainier environments in South America. A multivariate model showed that different traits drive LTR abundance, especially repeat diversity and Tyba abundance. Other mobile elements, such as non-LTR RTs and DNA transposons, had insufficient abundance to be included in our models.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that LTR evolution is strongly impacted by the holocentric characteristics of Rhynchospora chromosomes, correlating with species diversification and biome shifts, and supporting a holokinetic drive model of evolution and a competitive scenario with Tyba. Altogether, our results present evidence of multi-trait influence on LTR-RT dynamics and provide a broader understanding of transposable element evolution in a macroevolutionary context.
Examining the Discrepancy between Subjective Cognitive Complaints and Processing Speed Performance in Military Personnel with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Jackson Daija A , Lippa Sara M , Brickell Tracey A , French Louis M , Lange Rael T
Published: December 2024

Objective

To examine correlates of the discrepancy between subjective cognitive complaints and processing speed performance in a sample of military personnel with and without traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method

About 235 U.S. military service members (31 noninjured controls [NIC], 69 injured controls [IC], 70 uncomplicated mild TBI [mTBI], and 65 complicated mild/moderate/severe TBI [sTBI]) prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal TBI study completed neuropsychological testing, performance validity tests, and self-report measures of cognitive complaints and psychological symptoms. Service members were categorized as “Accurate Estimators,” “Underestimators,” and “Overestimators” based on discrepancies between their subjective cognition and processing speed performance.

Results

The NIC group was less likely to underestimate their cognitive abilities than the mTBI group (p < .05). Discrepancy groups significantly differed in processing speed scores (p < .001), with underestimators demonstrating the best objective cognitive performance. Spearman correlations revealed significant positive correlations between unadjusted discrepancy scores and psychological symptoms in the NIC, IC, and sTBI groups (ps < 0.05) but not the mTBI group (ps > 0.05). In contrast, discrepancy scores adjusted for premorbid intelligence were consistently and positively correlated with psychological symptoms across all injury groups (ps < 0.05).

Conclusions

Findings suggest that mTBI injuries may increase the likelihood of a patient underestimating their cognitive performance. Further, premorbid cognitive functioning is an important factor in evaluating discrepancies in self-reported cognitive complaints and processing speed performance.
DeepHapNet: a haplotype assembly method based on RetNet and deep spectral clustering
Authors: Luo Junwei , Wang Jiaojiao , Wei Jingjing , Yan Chaokun , Luo Huimin
Published: December 2024

Gene polymorphism originates from single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and the analysis and study of SNPs are of great significance in the field of biogenetics. The haplotype, which consists of the sequence of SNP loci, carries more genetic information than a single SNP. Haplotype assembly plays a significant role in understanding gene function, diagnosing complex diseases, and pinpointing species genes. We propose a novel method, DeepHapNet, for haplotype assembly through the clustering of reads and learning correlations between read pairs. We employ a sequence model called Retentive Network (RetNet), which utilizes a multiscale retention mechanism to extract read features and learn the global relationships among them. Based on the feature representation of reads learned from the RetNet model, the clustering process of reads is implemented using the SpectralNet model, and, finally, haplotypes are constructed based on the read clusters. Experiments with simulated and real datasets show that the method performs well in the haplotype assembly problem of diploid and polyploid based on either long or short reads. The code implementation of DeepHapNet and the processing scripts for experimental data are publicly available at https://github.com/wjj6666/DeepHapNet.
Synthetic plasma pool cohort correction for affinity-based proteomics datasets allows multiple study comparison
Authors: Heylen Dries , Pusparum Murih , Kuliesius Jurgis , Wilson Jim , Park Young-Chan , Jamiołkowski Jacek , D’Onofrio Valentino , Valkenborg Dirk , Aerts Jan , Ertaylan Gökhan , Hooyberghs Jef
Published: December 2024

Proteomics stands as the crucial link between genomics and human diseases. Quantitative proteomics provides detailed insights into protein levels, enabling differentiation between distinct phenotypes. OLINK, a biotechnology company from Uppsala, Sweden, offers a targeted, affinity-based protein measurement method called Target 96, which has become prominent in the field of proteomics. The SCALLOP consortium, for instance, contains data from over 70.000 individuals across 45 independent cohort studies, all sampled by OLINK. However, when independent cohorts want to collaborate and quantitatively compare their target 96 protein values, it is currently advised to include 'identical biological bridging' samples in each sampling run to perform a reference sample normalization, correcting technical variations across measurements. Such a ‘biological bridging sample’ approach requires each of the involved cohorts to resend their biological bridging samples to OLINK to run them all together, which is logistically challenging, costly and time-consuming. Hence alternatives are searched and an evaluation of the current state of the art exposes the need for a more robust method that allows all OLINK Target 96 studies to compare proteomics data accurately and cost-efficiently. To meet these goals we developed the Synthetic Plasma Pool Cohort Correction, the ‘SPOC correction’ approach, based on the use of an OLINK-composed synthetic plasma sample. The method can easily be implemented in a federated data-sharing context which is illustrated on a sepsis use case.
Clinical differences between patients with and without a positive family history of hidradenitis suppurativa: a retrospective analysis of 1452 patients
Authors: Abu Rached Nessr , Spies Kristina , Gambichler Thilo , Haven Yannik , Ocker Lennart , Myszkowski Daniel , Stockfleth Eggert , Bechara Falk
Published: December 2024

Approximately 30% of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) report a positive family history of the disease. Currently, there are limited data available on familial HS. To address this gap, we conducted a retrospective analysis at our centre to identify differences between patients with and without a positive family history of HS.