bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Sowing and harvesting water’: Revisiting forest restoration in the Peruvian Andes through a multi‐stakeholder analysis
Authors: Christmann Tina , Cjuno‐Turpo Isaías , López‐Aranda Mayté , Wilson Sarah Jane , Cuni‐Sanchez Aida , Malhi Yadvinder , Ramirez Augusto , Rondán Vidal , Medina Castro Francisco , Mamani Marlene , Recharte Jorge , Arenas Marco , Aucca Chutas Constantino , Carrión Moreno Omar Amador , Gonzalez Cabello Frida Blanca , Oliveras Menor Imma
Published: January 2025

Efforts to restore Peru's megadiverse Andean Forests are rapidly growing. While ecological determinants for restoration success are well known, knowledge on the socio‐economic and governance conditions that allow for the success of ecological restoration using native species is scarce.

Using a multi‐stakeholder approach, this paper analyses the motivations, preferences, success factors and governance models for effective ecological restoration of Andean Forests, through 75 semi‐structured interviews with local community members, NGOs and government actors in 11 restoration sites in Peru.

We find that across sites and stakeholder groups, the primary motivations for Andean Forest restoration were tied to restoring and improving hydrological resources. Stakeholders valued Andean Forests mostly for their provisioning ecosystem services—with water provision valued by all stakeholders and firewood provision predominantly by communities—followed by regulating services (water retention and climate regulation).

Restoration success—the degree of perceived achievement of project objectives—was high at all sites and scored between 2.4 and 3 out of 3. Enabling factors for the restoration success were mostly social and institutional. There was no ‘silver bullet’ to successful restoration; rather, enabling factors included high resource dependence of communities, support from NGOs, participatory management and governance, and the creation of communal conservation agreements. Communities emphasized primarily social and institutional limiting factors, while government stakeholders emphasized technical challenges. We further identified three typologies of how projects engage and compensate communities: a ‘payment model’, a ‘capacity model’ and a ‘mixed model’ which differ in their rentability, longevity and socio‐economic benefits provided.

All stakeholder groups favoured active forest restoration and community members identified desirable native plant species with local use and hydrological value. Interviewees also highlighted that restoration needs to go beyond forests, and combine native tree planting, agroforestry, restoration of mountain grasslands and peatlands to holistically improve water resources and long‐term economic benefits at a landscape scale.

Synthesis and applications. Andean Forest restoration projects need to consider hydrological ecosystem services in all key restoration stages. Communities need to be involved through participatory processes and receive long‐lasting benefits—both ecosystem services and livelihood incentives—to guarantee long‐term project success.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Tailoring the crystallization, viscoelastic, and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene by nano‐tungsten carbide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Leena Snaha , Bhagavatula Sai Gopal Krishna , Nanoth Rasana , Jayanarayanan Karingamanna , Rajan Krishna Prasad , Theravalappil Rajesh
Published: January 2025

The study investigates the individual and collaborative effect of tungsten carbide (WC) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the surface characteristics, viscoelastic, and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP). The uniform dispersion of dual nanofillers was observed from TEM analysis, and the surface topography was revealed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). From the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), the hybrid sample (1 wt% WC and 2 wt% MWCNT) exhibited the highest storage modulus (75% increase at 20°C compared with PP) and was further verified by several theoretical models. The Cole‐Cole plot of the hybrid composite sample exhibited deviation from the semi‐circle geometry due to the effective mixing of nanofillers in the matrix. The sample also manifested the highest creep resistance and 67% reduction in critical creep rate compared to neat PP. XRD and DSC analysis revealed that P/1W/2C sample has more thermodynamically stable α crystals. The thermal analysis showed that rapid cooling resulted in the formation of imperfect and non‐uniform crystals. The hybrid sample showed impeccable thermal degradation resistance with the lowest weight loss rate and the highest activation energy (say at 10°C/min, Tmax: 472°C, Ea: 269 kJ/mol).

Highlights

Investigated the combined effect of WC and MWCNT bi‐nanofillers in the PP matrix.

Explored the surface roughness of the composite by AFM.

Evaluated the mechanical, and viscoelastic behavior of PP nanocomposite.

Estimated Ea for thermal degradation of PP nanocomposites using different models.

Demonstrated the effect of cooling rate on crystallization by DSC analysis.
Quantitative Benefit–Risk Assessment of Vaccination Against COVID‐19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Newbern E. Claire , Wildisen Lea , Verstraeten Rita , Willame Corinne , Haynes Kevin , Levitan Bennett , Praet Nicolas
Published: January 2025

Purpose

With the introduction of COVID‐19 vaccines, there has been a proliferation of quantitative benefit‐risk assessments (qBRAs). Prior work on other types of vaccines has found that published qBRAs have not always clearly reported methods and/or results needed to assist in the application of the qBRA findings. The aim was to systematically identify, review, and critically assess published COVID‐19 vaccine qBRA. The ultimate goal is to support the future development of robust qBRA for existing, new, and updated vaccines.

Methods

We systematically reviewed COVID‐19 vaccine qBRAs identified from multiple sources through April 17, 2023, including literature databases, selected Health Authority websites, and a grey literature search. We critically assessed whether key features typical of qBRA were presented in these reports.

Results

We identified 37 COVID‐19 vaccine qBRAs from screening 2220 publications and 18 other sources. The qBRAs were conducted on two mRNA and two adenoviral vector COVID‐19 vaccines. Only one qBRA represented low‐ and middle‐income countries. Although many qBRAs used simple calculations (n = 25), more complex models were presented in 15 reports. Simple approaches were able to employ stratification by age and/or sex to highlight safety issues affecting specific demographic groups and scenarios to account for changes in viral transmission and vaccine effectiveness over time. Details regarding data sources and analytic methods were missing or limited in some reports.

Conclusions

This comprehensive description and critical assessment of COVID‐19 vaccine qBRAs together with available guidance can be used to support the development of robust and transparent future vaccine qBRAs.
Non‐Markovian Dynamics in Fiber Delay‐Line Buffers
Authors: Lee Kim Fook , Kumar Prem
Published: January 2025

The non‐Markovian effect is studied on a two‐photon polarization entangled state, in which one photon from the pair is stored in a fiber delay‐line buffer. A model of a photonic qubit coupled to fiber birefringence and a fiber reservoir representing the environment is proposed. Analytically, a non‐Markovian probability function is derived for the buffered photon and its paired photon. To verify the probability function, full quantum state tomography of the photon pairs is performed. The probability function fits well with the experimental data and physical values. These results indicate that the quantum system operates slightly above the threshold for a non‐Markovian transition. We observe a unique polarization dynamic of the buffered photon. Measures of quantum mutual information are further exploited to study the quantumness of the photon pairs. Werner's well‐known separability criterion occurs at a buffer time of about 0.9 ms. These results imply that quantum discord can surpass Werner's criterion, and hence, quantum bi‐partite correlation can exist for buffer times greater than 0.9 ms.
Adaptive Event‐Triggered Finite‐Time Control of Affine Cyber‐Physical Systems Under Denial‐of‐Service (DoS) and Deception Attacks
Authors: Roy Satyabrata , Chaudhary Aniket Karan , Guha Dipayan , Negi Richa
Published: January 2025

Aiming at sustainable development to meet the requirements of Industry 5.0/6.0 revolutions, integrating a resilient, decentralized cyber‐tolerant control framework for large‐scale affine systems is indispensable. This work introduces an intelligent finite‐time cyber‐resilient control framework for an affine system under sensor/actuator deception and denial‐of‐service attacks. First, an adaptive disturbance observer employing a radial basis function neural network (RBF‐NN) has been formulated for smooth and fast estimations of unknown aggregated mismatched uncertainties, which include exogenous disturbance, sensor deception attack, and parametric perturbation. Later, an adaptive finite‐time control law integrated with RBF‐NN is formulated under event‐triggered action for the investigated cyber‐physical affine system. A suitable triggering condition for data communication through the sensor‐to‐controller channel has been derived using the Lyapunov approach, and input‐to‐state stability has been guaranteed under the designed control framework. Numerical simulations with in‐depth qualitative analysis have been showcased to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the applied control methodology. The suggested control methodology ensures optimal communication medium utilization and is superior in mitigating cyber intrusions.
In Silico Study of Two Linear Furanocoumarins for Dual Inhibition of Human Rhinovirus and SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Mountessou Bel Youssouf G. , Mbah Maraf B. , Wandji Nadine T. , Akintemi Eric O. , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Kouam Simeon F. , Mbouombouo Ibrahim N. , Singh Thishana
Published: January 2025

In the discovery of antiviral drugs, targeting the 3‐chymotrypsin‐like cysteine protease (3CLpro) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is advantageous for developing a broad‐spectrum antiviral agent for the treatment of coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses, such as rhinoviruses. The promising biological activities of linear furanocoumarins reported in the literature, in addition to their quantum electronic properties, led to the in silico study of these compounds. Analysis of chemical reactivity descriptors of 3‐methoxypsoralen (1) and 3,5‐dimethoxypsoralen (2) using DFT and ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF) methods indicates that the compounds are more water‐soluble, which is a favorable characteristic for clinical applications. Vibrational spectroscopy data are also presented. Molecular docking results revealed that 1 and 2 strongly bind to 3CLpro with relative affinities of −5.5 and −5.6 kcal mol−1, respectively. They were also docked against the human rhinovirus HRV3C main protease, with relative affinities of −8.4 and −7.3 kcal mol−1, respectively.
One‐Walled Phthalimide Extended Calix[4]Pyrrole‐Based Supramolecular Adsorbent for Alleviating Nitrate From Simulated Water
Authors: Rather Ishfaq Ahmad , Khan Suhail Ayoub , Ali Rashid , Khan Tabrez Alam
Published: January 2025

In this investigation, meso‐substituted one‐walled phthalimide appended calix[4]pyrrole (mPth–C4P) was prepared from pthalimide functionalized dipyrromethane (DPM, 4), acetone, and freshly distilled pyrrole via both conventional as well as green protocols utilizing the deep eutectic solvent (DES) of N,N'‐dimethyl urea (DMU) & l‐(+)‐tartaric acid (TA) in an appropriate ratio of 7:3. In order to lessen the nitrate (NO3−) ion endowed eutrophication peril, the mPth–C4P was effectively employed as a supramolecular adsorbent for the sequestration of NO3− ion from aquatic phase. The mPth–C4P was extensively characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR, SEM–EDX, and elemental mapping to corroborate the synthesis and adsorption of NO3− ion. The surface area was found to be 11.465 m2 g−1 and the pore size of 3.2 nm, pointed out to the mesoporous nature of mPth–C4P. Batch methodology was exploited for detailing the influence of process parameters on %efficiency and adsorption capacity. The mPth–C4P demonstrated excellent adsorption competence (> 91%) within 16 min from a [NO3−] of 20 mg L−1, which translates into a good pseudo‐second order rate constant value of 0.026 g mg−1 min−1. Freundlich model was the best‐fit model pointing out multilayer adsorption. The maximum saturation capacity was 239.03 mg g‒1 at 298 K, which is far better than most of the reported adsorbents indicating the potential of mPth–C4P to confiscate NO3−. The dynamics appraisal elucidated pseudo‐second order to favor the uptake with both intraparticle and liquid film diffusion models governing the rate of reaction. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the uptake of NO3− was spontaneous, favorable, and exothermic which is in harmony with the isotherm studies. The mPth–C4P can be used consecutively up to 4 cycles along with good potential in real water > 80% uptake. All these results established mPth–C4P as an efficacious scavenger for NO3− from simulated water.
Multiscale Collaborative Optimization for Composite Solid Electrolyte to Achieve High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Xinyu , Yang Xueying , Li Ruiyang , Lai Pengbin , Chen Minghui , Li Wei , Chen Qichen , Deng Yi , Zhang Peng , Zhao Jinbao
Published: January 2025

Composite solid electrolytes (CSEs) possess significant advantages over individual polymer or inorganic solid electrolytes. However, conventional CSEs suffer from multiple scale issues, including interruptions in ionic transport pathways, incompatibility at heterogeneous interface, and the excessive thickness of electrolytes. Herein, a novel CSE with ultrathin structure (22 µm) based on the strategy of multiscale collaborative optimization (MC‐CSE) is designed. This strategy involves continuous, rapid, and homogeneous Li+ transport from macroscale to microscale. i) The bicontinuous structure of MC‐CSE is constructed via in situ polymerization of 1,3‐dioxolane in a continuous yet porous Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (CP‐LLZTO) skeleton, which effectively reduces the barrier for Li⁺ transport at macroscale. ii) The continuous interconnected CP‐LLZTO and poly 1,3‐dioxolane (PDOL) phases within MC‐CSE ensures continuous Li+ transport at mesoscale. iii) CP‐LLZTO and PDOL synergistic interaction at heterogeneous interface, which facilitates the rapid and homogeneous Li+ transport at microscale. Consequently, the MC‐CSE shows both high ionic conductivity and Li⁺ transference number (1.04 mS cm−1 and 0.87). The cells assembled with MC‐CSE exhibit outstanding low‐temperature (−20 °C) and high‐voltage (4.5 V) performance. The strategy of multiscale collaborative optimization provides a promising perspective for the viability of lithium metal batteries at various conditions.
Exploring the Potential and Properties of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera G.) Starches in Comparison With Conventional Starches for Food and Non‐Food Applications
Authors: Chandak Ankita , Dhull Sanju Bala , Chawla Prince , Alarfaj Abdullah A. , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Rose Pawan Kumar , Goksen Gulden , Kumar Rajesh , Muzaffar Nazish
Published: January 2025

In the present study, a comparative characterization of starch isolated from lotus seeds and lotus rhizomes was compared with mung bean starch (MBS) and potato starch (PS). The characterization of isolated starches was done based on physicochemical, pasting, morphological, structural, thermal, and rheological properties. Amylose content (AC) was observed the highest for lotus seed starch (LS) while it was the lowest for lotus rhizome starch (LRS). At 90°C, the swelling power was observed the highest for PS, that is, 26.86 g/g whereas it was the lowest for MBS, that is, 12.75 g/g. MBS starch showed the highest solubility (20.7%). The scanning electron micrographs of starches showed granules varying in shape and size from round to irregular, oval to elliptical shapes, and small to large sizes. The x‐ray diffraction polymorph of LRS, LS, and MBS demonstrated A‐type, whereas PS exhibited B‐type. Peak, trough, and breakdown viscosities were observed to be the highest for PS. PS had the lowest pasting temperature, while the highest was observed for LS. MBS and PS showed higher transition temperatures than LS and LRS. Therefore, MBS and PS can be exploited further for applications involving high processing temperatures. The enthalpy of gelatinization is highest for MBS and the lowest for LS. Frequency sweep measurement of starch pastes showed G′ and G″ values varying between 216 ‐ 2749 Pa and 86.6–228.2 Pa, respectively. This study indicated that starches of lotus have good AC, small granular size, and have potential to promote the development of products in food and non‐food industries. Overall, the present finding will encourage the utilization of starches extracted from the seed and rhizome of lotus for food and non‐food industries and potentially guide future studies on starch modifications and novel utilization.
Seismic Behavior of Buckling‐Restrained Steel Plate Shear Walls With Various Interconnection Ratios
Authors: Zhao Chu , Yu Jinguang , Zhong Weihui , Feng Xiaotian , Zhang Penghai
Published: January 2025

To minimize the panel forces applied on the frame columns and to safeguard the high seismic performance of the inner steel plates, the concept of buckling‐restrained steel plate shear walls (BRSPSWs) with partial plate‐frame connections was proposed. However, further investigation is needed to promote the application of this structure to supertall and tall structures, particularly regarding the influence of interconnection ratio on the performance of BRSPSW with various partial connection forms. In this study, finite element (FE) models of BRSPSW with groove and four‐corner connections were established, and the influences of span‐to‐height ratio, height‐to‐thickness ratio, and interconnection ratio on the seismic performance were parametrically analyzed. Subsequently, calculation methods for the shear bearing capacity of partially connected BRSPSWs under different interconnection ratios were proposed, and 51 FE models were used to verify the accuracy of the calculation methods. The changes in span‐to‐height ratio and height‐to‐thickness ratio on the seismic performance indexes for two partial connection BRSPSWs with the increase of connection ratios were summarized. Recommendations for the interconnection ratios of BRSPSWs with groove and four‐corner connections were provided. Additionally, the calculation formulas for the shear bearing capacity of partially connected BRSPSWs can provide accurate predictions.
Recent Advances in Wearable Sweat Sensor Development
Authors: Zhang Tao , Kabandana Giraso Keza Monia , Terrell John A. , Chen Hui , Chen Chengpeng
Published: January 2025

Wearable sweat sensors for detecting biochemical markers have emerged as a transformative research area, with the potential to revolutionize disease diagnosis and human health monitoring. Since 2016, a substantial body of pioneering and translational work on sweat biochemical sensors has been reported. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state‐of‐the‐art in the field, offering insights and perspectives on future developments. The focus is on wearable microfluidic platforms for sweat collection and delivery and the analytical chemistry applicable to wearable devices. Various microfluidic technologies, including those based on synthetic polymers, paper, textiles, and hydrogels, are discussed alongside diverse detection methods such as electrochemistry and colorimetry. Both the advantages and current limitations of these technologies are critically examined. The review concludes with our perspectives on the future of wearable sweat sensors, with the goal of inspiring new ideas, innovations, and technical advancements to further the development and practical application of these devices in promoting human health.
A Comprehensive Comparison of Two Geometric Isomers of an Oxatetrasilacyclopentane
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Gerardo Antonio , Antony Jürgen H. , Campos‐Fernández Cristian S. , Camacho Cristopher , Ballestero‐Martínez Ernesto
Published: January 2025

The highly electrophilic 1,4‐di‐t‐butyl‐2,2,3,3‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐diphenyltetrasilane‐1,4‐diyl bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) (11) reacts with water to yield the cis/trans isomer mixture of 2,5‐di‐t‐butyl‐3,3,4,4‐tetramethyl‐2,5‐diphenyl‐1‐oxa‐2,3,4,5‐tetrasilacyclopentane (12). Cis‐12 and trans‐12 were separated and fully characterized by structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical means. Remarkably, cis‐12 is preferably formed in the reaction mixtures, and the calculations reveal that this isomer is slightly more stable than trans‐12. This is due to the torsional distortion established in the crystal structure of the former isomer. Additionally, the electronic transitions between the silicon backbone, the Ph substituents, and the oxygen atoms are accounted for the main absorptions observed in the UV spectra of cis‐12 and trans‐12.
Situating Gender and Education in Central Asia: An Introduction
Authors: Kuzhabekova Aliya , Durrani Naureen , Kataeva Zumrad
Published: January 2025

This edited volume is devoted to a comparative analysis of gender equality in Central Asia. The region is comprised of five post-Soviet countries—Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan, which became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991.
Current and Emerging Issues in Gender Equality in Education: What Does the Data Tell Us?
Authors: Harden-Wolfson Emma , Shakirova Lyazzat
Published: January 2025

This chapter identifies current and emerging issues related to gender equality in education, providing a comparative analysis of education-related gender equality indicators across Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Using data from UNESCO, the World Bank Gender Data Portal, the United Nations Development Programme’s Gender Inequality Index, country-level data, and other sources, the chapter is organized into four sections. First, the gendered educational landscape is examined, encompassing educational participation and attainment in compulsory and post-compulsory education across the countries. Second, the chapter explores gender differences in fields of study in higher education to understand patterns of gendered behaviour in education. Third, the chapter examines the role of female educators—teachers and researchers, and fourth, the chapter explores whether educational achievements for women are translating into societal leadership gains. The chapter concludes with brief country summaries highlighting key issues for gender equality in education. Despite presenting some statistics for the first time, caution is warranted due to the subjective nature of data and its limitations in capturing root causes and structural effects of gender inequality.
Exploring the influence of health and digital health literacy on quality of life and follow-up compliance in patients with primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a prospective, single-center study
Authors: Keles Ahmet , Somun Umit Furkan , Kose Muhammed , Arikan Ozgur , Culpan Meftun , Yildirim Asif
Published: January 2025

Objective

Given the increasing significance of digital health literacy (DHL) and health literacy (HL) in promoting informed decision-making and healthy behaviors, this study aimed to assess the influence of self-reported HL and DHL on treatment adherence and quality of life among patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TUR-BT) for primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

Materials & methods

This single-center observational study involved patients who underwent TUR-BT for NIMBC at a tertiary hospital from May 2022 to February 2024. Before the procedure, the patients’ DHL and HL were evaluated using the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire short version and the eHealth Literacy Scale. Six months after surgery, we surveyed patients’ QoL using the EORTC QLQ-C30. In line with recommendations from the European Association of Urology guidelines, adherence to the treatment plan was assessed along with a follow-up cystoscopy examination for each patient.

Results

Multivariate analysis revealed that poorer DHL and HL were significantly associated with older age (p < 0.001), lower educational attainment (p < 0.001), and lack of internet access (p < 0.001). Conversely, higher DHL and HL levels were positively correlated with increased treatment adherence, as measured by cystoscopy completion (p < 0.001). Additionally, logistic regression analysis demonstrated significant associations between improved DHL and HL scores and better global health status (DHL, p = 0.022; HL, p = 0.008), higher emotional status (p < 0.001 for both), and social functioning (p < 0.001 for both). Notably, there were no significant differences in the symptom scale scores between the DHL and HL groups.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the specific effect of HL/DHL on QoL and adherence in this patient population. Our research suggests that there may be a link between self-reported levels of DHL/HL and treatment adherence as well as QoL among patients with NIMBC.
Low-volume transanal irrigation (TAI) in the treatment of functional faecal incontinence in children: a cohort study
Authors: Hougaard Nicklas B. , Andersen Rene F. , Kamperis Konstantinos , Jørgensen Cecilie S.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Functional faecal incontinence (FFI) is a stigmatising condition for a child and parents and can be a challenge to treat even in tertiary centres. Transanal irrigation (TAI) is an emerging treatment with great success in refractory cases. We performed TAI with a substantially decreased amount of water used (low-volume TAI), yet no previous evidence exists on this treatment in children. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of low-volume TAI in reducing faecal incontinence (FI) episodes and to provide associated factors for response.

Methods

Children with FFI trained in low-volume TAI in our outpatient incontinence clinic were identified. Baseline characteristics along with rectal ultrasound examination, information on weekly FI episodes and concomitant use of laxatives were noted. The continence status of patients was registered at the first outpatient clinic appointment after the commencement of TAI and after 6 months of treatment. During this period, information about side effects and changes in medication were captured.

Results

We identified 47 children (mean age 8.06 ± 2.08 years, 27 males) treated with low-volume TAI. Thirty-five (74%) were diagnosed with functional constipation and FI, while 12 (26%) suffered from non-retentive faecal incontinence. Twenty (42%) children gained full faecal continence after 6.75 ± 0.3 months. We found no differences between responders and non-responders in baseline characteristics.

Conclusions

Low-volume TAI appears safe and effective in the treatment of FFI refractory to first-line treatment in children. Low-volume TAI could be a valuable tool for the management of these children as the treatment is less invasive, low in cost and well accepted.
Impact of epidural analgesia on outcomes of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery
Authors: Eshkoli Tamar , Jacobs Merav , Saban Alla , Baumfeld Yael , Ben Shushan–Amor Renana , Yohay Zehava , Weintraub Adi Y.
Published: January 2025

Primary objective

To assess the association between Epidural Analgesia (EA) during Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) and delivery mode (spontaneous or instrumental vaginal delivery). Secondary objectives include maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods

In this retrospective population-based cohort study, all women who underwent a VBAC with and without EA, between the years 1996–2016 at the Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC) were included. Women who delivered by cesarean section (elective and non-elective) and those who gave birth to a newborn with chromosomal abnormalities or major malformations, and multifetal gestations were excluded. Demographical, clinical, and obstetrical characteristics were recorded, and pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes were compared between the groups. The primary outcome was the type of delivery. Univariate analysis was followed by a multivariate analysis to control for confounders. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

During the study period, 17,516 women who have had a previous CS met the inclusion criteria, of which 15% (n = 2652) used EA during labor, while the rest of the cohort 85% (n = 14,864) were non-EA users. Women in the EA group had higher rates of instrumental delivery and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) as well as higher rates of oxytocin augmentation and a longer second stage of labor. The use of EA was found to be an independent risk factor for instrumental delivery after controlling for maternal age, ethnicity, parity, DM (diabetes mellitus), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, oxytocin augmentation, prolonged second stage of labor, induction of labor, fertility treatments and oligohydramnios. However, no significant differences were observed regarding neonatal outcomes including perinatal mortality, birth weight, Apgar scores and shoulder dystocia rates.

Conclusion

EA for women undergoing a VBAC was associated with higher rates of instrumental delivery and PPH, oxytocin augmentation and a longer second stage of labor compared with women without EA. However, neonatal outcomes did not differ between the groups.
Diagnostic performance of corneal epithelium- and Bowman’s layer thickness mapping in patients with unilateral Keratoconus
Authors: Pircher Niklas , Kilian Raphael , Beer Florian , Donner Ruth , Roberts Philipp , Pircher Michael , Hitzenberger Christoph K. , Aschauer Julia , Schmidinger Gerald , Lammer Jan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To investigate the role of corneal epithelium- and Bowman’s layer-thickness (ET and BLT) changes as possible early biomarkers of keratoconus (KC) development.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study patients with unilateral KC (UKC) and a group of healthy controls underwent polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) for the evaluation of corneal ET and BLT. These values were compared among three subgroups of eyes, i.e., eyes with KC, topographically and tomographically normal fellow eyes (FE) of patients with UKC, and healthy eyes (HE).

Results

Twelve patients with UKC (12 eyes with KC and 12 FE) and 21 healthy age-matched controls (HE) were included. While KC eyes showed the typical epithelial “doughnut pattern” on epithelial maps, there were no differences in ET between FE and HE. BLT was significantly higher in FE compared to HE (average BLT p = 0.049, minimum BLT p = 0.02, nasal-inferior quadrant p = 0.04) as weIl as KC eyes (average BLT p = 0.048, minBLT p = 0.04, nasal-inferior quadrant p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Increase in BLT seems to occur before epithelial thinning in FE of patients with UKC. Since many of KC patients develop the disease bilaterally, Bowman’s layer thickening might represent an early biomarker of KC-development.
Mortality and diurnal temperature range in Virginia
Authors: Davis Robert E. , Himmel Owen , Sims Parker K. , Fuhrmann Christopher M.
Published: January 2025

The relationship between diurnal temperature range (DTR) and daily mortality from 2005 to 2020 is examined for seven large metropolitan areas in Virginia using distributed lag non-linear models that control for temperature and humidity. The relative risk of mortality increases for very high DTR, and there is a short lag effect of several days. High risk DTR days are rare, typically occurring less than 1% of the time at most locations. These days primarily occur in spring and are characterized by high pressure and low humidity that allow overnight temperatures to drop substantially. High DTR days are often associated with elevated respiratory and cardiovascular mortality and tend to impact the elderly. The similarity between the mortality response to high DTR and that of high temperatures alone, coupled with the lack of clear physiological underpinnings, challenges the notion that these responses are independent. The prevalent spring peak in dangerous DTR days suggests that lack of acclimatization to hot and humid conditions may impose strain on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Bridging the digital divide for outpatients treated with anticancer chemotherapy: a retrospective quantitative and qualitative analysis of an adapted electronic Patient Reported Outcome program
Authors: Boiteau Coralie , Alarcon Natividad , Joly Charlotte , Fenioux Charlotte , Queval Claire , Dutendas Sylvie , Bartoszczyk Isabelle , Nadji Hadjer Ben , Bouayed Meriem , Ganter Claude , Quatrehomme Naël , Agius Catherine , Tournigand Christophe , Kempf Emmanuelle
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePRO) in clinical trial has shown benefits for patients. However, the digital divide can lead to unequal access to telehealth. We investigated whether a dedicated support program could bridge that divide.

Methods

Between February 2021 and June 2022, outpatients undergoing chemotherapy for cancer at our teaching hospital in France were given the Onco’nect® ePRO application if they were affected by the digital divide. They were also offered a dedicated support program that included the lending of a tablet, access to healthcare professionals, training, technical support, and peer-to-peer guidance. We conducted semi-structured interviews to assess the challenges they faced.

Results

We enrolled 22 patients, of whom 10 (45%) made good use of the application and completed > 50% of the questionnaires in the application, while 5 (23%) completed > 75%. However, 12 (55%) of the 22 patients remained poor users of the application over a median participation of 4 months (IQR, 3–7). We also measured social deprivation but found no association with questionnaire completion rate. The under-use of Onco’nect® was due not only to the patients’ understanding of its clinical benefit or to their computer skills, but also to poor health literacy and strong emotional responses to using the application.

Conclusion

Dedicated support programs help many patients make the most of telehealth. However, most of our patients in the digital divide under-used the ePRO application, primarily due to their poor health literacy.
ACPA is a main risk factor for CT-proven pulmonary nodule progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Uzun Güllü Sandal , Sarıkaya Yasin , Arslan Sevtap , Ekici Mustafa , Ata Emine Büşra , Karcıoğlu Oğuz , Bilgin Emre , Kılıç Levent , Kiraz Sedat , Ertenli Ali İhsan , Arıyürek Macit , Kalyoncu Umut
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To determine the features of rheumatoid pulmonary nodules and the factors associated with nodule progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Methods

Between January 2010 and September 2018, RA patients with at least one chest computed tomography (CT) were included. Two experienced radiologists examined chest CTs. Nodules with changing dimensions on follow-up or at least two nodules with different sizes or cavitary nodules were considered rheumatoid pulmonary nodules. To identify follow-up changes in the nodules, progression was defined as the appearance of any new nodules or increase in the size of the nodules, regression was no new nodules and no increase in the size of any nodules and decrease in the size of at least one nodule, and stability was no appearance of new nodules and no change in the size of nodules and no disappearance of the nodule. We compared the demographics, comorbidities, RA-specific treatments, and nodule characteristics according to seropositivity. Factors that may be associated with RPN progression were studied.

Results

A total of 204 (136 (66.7%) female) patients were included in the study. The median disease duration at baseline CT was 7.29 years (0.05–57.5). Pulmonary nodules were detected in the first CT of 21 (10.2%) patients before RA diagnosis, with a median time of 10.38 (0.46–254) months. The median number of nodules and median diameter of the dominant nodule were higher, and cavitation was more prevalent in seropositive patients. ACPA positivity was independently associated with progression (OR 3.69 (1.33–12.4), p = 0.03). Cs-DMARDs and b/ts-DMARDs, especially anti-TNF agents, did not affect nodule progression.

Conclusion

Rheumatoid pulmonary nodules may precede RA, and seropositivity, especially ACPA, is an important independent risk factor for RPN occurrence and progression.

Key Points• Rheumatoid pulmonary nodules were mainly located peripherally, in the right lobe, and had a high cavitation rate.• ACPA positivity was found as a main effective factor in RPN progression.
• Cs/b-DMARD treatments were not associated with RPN progression.
A keyword extraction model study in the movie domain with synopsis and reviews
Authors: González-Santos Carlos , Vega-Rodríguez Miguel A. , Pérez Carlos J. , Martínez-Sarriegui Iñaki , López-Muñoz Joaquín M.
Published: January 2025

The use of keywords is increasingly being applied across diverse domains, including the movie industry, whose main platforms are adopting advanced natural language processing techniques. Algorithms for automatic extraction of keywords can provide relevant information in this domain. The most novel approaches covering several categories (statistics, graphs, word embedding, and hybrid) have been considered in a model study framework. They have been implemented, applied, and evaluated with standard datasets. In addition, a movie dataset with gold standard keywords, based on textual metadata from synopses and reviews, has been specifically developed for this scope. Keyword extraction models have been evaluated in terms of F-score and computation time. Furthermore, content analysis, both quantitative and qualitative, of the extracted keywords in the movie context has been performed. Results show a great variability in model performance and computation time among the different models. Qualitative results, in addition to F-score and computation time, demonstrate that keyword extraction works better with synopses than with reviews. The quantitative content analysis revealed that EmbedRank effectively reduces redundancy and limits the use of proper nouns, leading to high-quality keywords.
Gamma knife radiosurgery for cavernous malformations: a comprehensive study on symptom relief, hemorrhage rates, and histopathological changes
Authors: Civlan Serkan , Berker Berk Burak , Kiraz İlker , Yalçın Nagihan , Sağtaş Ergin , Egemen Emrah , Albuz Barış , Erbek Nevzat Doğukan , Coşkun Mehmet Erdal , Dere Ümit Akın , Kıvrak Mustafa , Kaçmaz Fatmanur , Acar Feridun , Şirin Sait , Yakar Fatih
Published: January 2025

This study aims to demonstrate the effect of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) on symptoms, hemorrhage rates, and histopathological changes in patients with cavernous malformations (CMs), regardless of whether the symptomatic lesions are hemorrhagic. This single-center retrospective study evaluated symptomatic patients with single CMs treated with GKRS between 2016 and 2023. The patients’ demographic data, presenting symptoms, GKRS radiation dose, complications developed during follow-up (hemorrhage, radiotoxicity), the rate of symptom improvement, and histopathological changes of surgically removed CMs were recorded. Our study included 134 symptomatic patients, of whom 55 were male (41%) and 79 were female (59%). Among the patients, 80 (59.7%) had CMs in the lobar region, 23 (17.1%) in the cerebellum, 16 (12%) in the brainstem, and 15 (11.2%) in the basal nuclei/thalamus. The mean target volume was 0.64 ± 1.23 cm3, and the mean tumor margin dose was 14.89 ± 1.90 Gy. Symptoms were completely recovered in 95 patients (70.9%), while 18 (13.4%) experienced partial recovery. The annual hemorrhage rate (AHR) reduced from 6.26 to 1.01 following GKRS. Adverse radiation effects (ARE) were encountered in ten patients (7.46%) of cases, with only three patients (2.2%) being permanent. The mean follow-up period was 35.57 ± 23.54 months (2–83 months). Two patients without hemorrhage underwent surgical removal of CM due to symptomatic deterioration after GKRS. Histopathological examination demonstrated numerous vascular structures with luminal narrowing due to hyalinization and fibrinoid necrosis caused after GKRS. Our findings suggest that GKRS may help reduce hemorrhage rates and potentially relieve symptoms in patients with symptomatic CMs, although further long-term studies are necessary to confirm these observations and to fully assess potential risks. Since there is no radiological method to evaluate the impact of GKRS on CMs, our study examines the histopathological changes that occurred following the GKRS. The histopathological changes prove that GKRS alters the morphology of the CMs and thus can relieve symptoms and reduce hemorrhage rates associated with CMs.
Advances in diffusion models for image data augmentation: a review of methods, models, evaluation metrics and future research directions
Authors: Alimisis Panagiotis , Mademlis Ioannis , Radoglou-Grammatikis Panagiotis , Sarigiannidis Panagiotis , Papadopoulos Georgios Th.
Published: January 2025

Image data augmentation constitutes a critical methodology in modern computer vision tasks, since it can facilitate towards enhancing the diversity and quality of training datasets; thereby, improving the performance and robustness of machine learning models in downstream tasks. In parallel, augmentation approaches can also be used for editing/modifying a given image in a context- and semantics-aware way. Diffusion Models (DMs), which comprise one of the most recent and highly promising classes of methods in the field of generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), have emerged as a powerful tool for image data augmentation, capable of generating realistic and diverse images by learning the underlying data distribution. The current study realizes a systematic, comprehensive and in-depth review of DM-based approaches for image augmentation, covering a wide range of strategies, tasks and applications. In particular, a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental principles, model architectures and training strategies of DMs is initially performed. Subsequently, a taxonomy of the relevant image augmentation methods is introduced, focusing on techniques regarding semantic manipulation, personalization and adaptation, and application-specific augmentation tasks. Then, performance assessment methodologies and respective evaluation metrics are analyzed. Finally, current challenges and future research directions in the field are discussed.
Flight behaviour of a threatened butterfly at edges between high- and low-quality habitat
Authors: Johansson Victor , Ström Philip , Bergman Karl-Olof , Franzén Markus
Published: January 2025

Butterfly populations in Europe are declining, necessitating efficient conservation strategies. Understanding butterfly behaviour in relation to habitat quality is important, and one aspect is flight behaviour at habitat edges. This study investigates flight patterns of the marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) in relation to edges between intensively grazed and ungrazed habitat on Gotland, Sweden. We also examine the small-scale habitat utilization in relation to the abundance of host and nectar plants. Observations were conducted across four sites, using 40 × 40 m plots situated in ungrazed habitat with one edge facing grazed habitat. We recorded the proportion of butterflies that crossed the edge into grazed habitat compared to interior edges and the proportions that returned. By dividing each plot into 16 subplots, we quantified small-scale habitat preferences based on flight trajectories. In total, we followed 208 individuals. Results showed that butterflies were significantly less likely to cross edges into grazed areas, but there was no significant difference in return behaviour. Utilization of subplots increased with increasing abundance of the host plant (Succisa pratensis).
PDE-CNNs: Axiomatic Derivations and Applications
Authors: Bellaard Gijs , Sakata Sei , Smets Bart M. N. , Duits Remco
Published: January 2025

PDE-based group convolutional neural networks (PDE-G-CNNs) use solvers of evolution PDEs as substitutes for the conventional components in G-CNNs. PDE-G-CNNs can offer several benefits simultaneously: fewer parameters, inherent equivariance, better accuracy, and data efficiency. In this article, we focus on Euclidean equivariant PDE-G-CNNs where the feature maps are two-dimensional throughout. We call this variant of the framework a PDE-CNN. From a machine learning perspective, we list several practically desirable axioms and derive from these which PDEs should be used in a PDE-CNN, this being our main contribution. Our approach to geometric learning via PDEs is inspired by the axioms of scale-space theory, which we generalize by introducing semifield-valued signals. Our theory reveals new PDEs that can be used in PDE-CNNs and we experimentally examine what impact these have on the accuracy of PDE-CNNs. We also confirm for small networks that PDE-CNNs offer fewer parameters, increased accuracy, and better data efficiency when compared to CNNs.
Effect of mutual modification by BaO and BaF2 on the structure and properties of BaO–BaF2–B2O3 glasses
Authors: El-Egili K. , Doweidar H. , Ramadan R. M. , Altawaf A.
Published: January 2025

Oxy-fluoroborate glasses of the composition xBaF2·(45-x)BaO·55B2O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 45 mol%) have been prepared by the normal melt-quenching technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm that the glassy matrix contains amorphous and/or crystalline phases depending on BaF2 concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows agglomerates consisting of clusters in micro-scale separated from the amorphous phase. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra reveal that BaF2 partially modifies the borate matrix as in the binary BaF2–B2O3 glasses. Values of fraction N
4 of four coordinated boron atoms calculated from FTIR spectra agree with nuclear magneitic resonance (NMR) data. N
4 increases at the expense of non-bridging planar trigonal (BO3) units at low concentrations of BaF2 while at higher concentrations, N
4 increases at the expense of tetrahedral BO4 units. Density seems to be constant while molar volume increases from 27.51 to 30.31 cm−1 with increasing BaF2 content. It is found that the volume of structural units by BaF2 is greater than those related to BaO. T
g have a linear decrease from 580 to 485 °C with increasing BaF2 concentration. A structural view is presented for the role of BaF2, obtained based on N
4 data obtained from NMR and FTIR analysis.
Impact of Gd, Pr, Yb, and Nd doping on the magnetic properties of Mg-ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Aglan H. , Ali I. A. , Ali B. M. , Kandil S. A.
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to synthesize MgFe1.9Ln0.1O4 (where, Ln = Yb, Pr, Gd, and Nd) ferrite nanoparticles via the sol-gel process and investigate their structural, morphological, and magnetic properties for potential hyperthermia applications. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the cubic spinel structure for all samples. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed nanometer-scale dimensions and nearly spherical morphology. Vibrating sample magnetometer measurements (VSM) indicated superparamagnetic behavior, with decreasing saturation magnetization (Ms) observed as Ln3+ content decreased. Specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis at 198 kHz demonstrated the influence of Ln3+ substitution on magnetic properties. Compared to existing studies, Ln3+ substituted (Yb, Pr, Gd, and Nd) nanoparticles demonstrate tunable magnetic properties and enhanced SAR performance, offering a more efficient design for hyperthermia treatment of solid tumors.

Graphical Abstract