bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USING THERMAL AND RGB UAV IMAGERY TO MEASURE SURFACE FLOW VELOCITIES OF RIVERS
Authors: Eltner A. , Mader D. , Szopos N. , Nagy B. , Grundmann J. , Bertalan L.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This study assesses the suitability to use RGB and thermal infrared imagery acquired from an UAV to measure surface flow velocities of rivers. The reach of a medium-scale river in Hungary is investigated. Image sequences with a frame rate of 2 Hz were captured with two sensors, a RGB and an uncooled thermal camera, at a flying height that ensures the visibility of both shores. The interior geometry of both cameras were calibrated with an in-house designed target field. The image sequences were automatically co-registered to account for UAV movements during the image acquisition. The TIR data was processed to keep loss-free image information solely in the water area and to enhance the signal to noise ratio. Image velocimetry with PIV applied to the TIR data and PTV applied to the RGB data was utilised to retrieve surface flow velocities. Comparison between RGB and TIR data reveal an average deviation of about 0.01 m/s. Future studies are needed to evaluate the transferability to other non-regulated river reaches.
ORIENTATION VS. ORIENTATION: IMAGE PROCESSING FOR STUDIES OF DENTAL MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Gaboutchian A. V. , Knyaz V. A. , Vasilyev S. V. , Korost D. V. , Kudaev A. A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Many odontological studies held through application of traditional and modern techniques, especially when related to measurements and morphology, very much depend on methodological aspects referred to orientation of teeth. And this is particularly relevant to new imaging and 3d reconstruction implemented in dental research and practice in a wide range of disciplines from anthropology to dentistry. The current paper deals with studies of palaeoanthropological findings dating back to the Upper Palaeolithic period in Central Russia – well-known archaeological site of Sunghir. Micro-computed tomography has been used for digital reconstructions of teeth – molars and premolars representing well-preserved dental morphology of an adolescent individual. This is due to new opportunities introduced by 3d reconstruction techniques in general and high-resolution x-ray imaging in particular that this study has become relevant. Thus digital techniques do not only provide for operating convenience but, which is even more important, allow application of image processing algorithms. In the suggested methodology these are automated, based on morphological interpretations and serve for orientation of studied teeth for further measurements. At the same time micro-computed tomographic imaging allows accurate reconstruction of other morphologically important structures which are used for an alternative orientation algorithm. Comparisons of dental measurements’ results obtained through automated digital odontometry (aDo) after both orientations applied are presented in the current paper.
3D MODELING AND GIS ANALYSIS FOR AERODROME FOREST OBSTACLE MONITORING
Authors: Mitsevich L. , Zhukovskaya N.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The article discusses methods for constructing and using digital photogrammetric and cartographic models as a basis for growing tree height control and plantation planning in aerodrome areas. Forests or gardens in the take-off and landing flight areas, exceeding special limitation surfaces, are dangerous obstacles and intended to cut down. Tree and bush vegetation should be under periodic monitoring because of their growth. The research was aimed to determine the maximum permissible obstacle height and tree age when it reaches the obstacle limitation surface altitude. For these purposes, it is proposed to use geospatial modeling and geoinformation analysis methods. As a basis for geospatial models, remote sensing optical stereo images were used. The allowable height is calculated as a difference between 3D obstacle limitation surface and the earth surface altitude values. The article presents the study results for a Belarus climatic zone, where the tree species predictive age in reaching the maximum permissible height is calculated. The main goal of the technology is to manage the aerodrome forest plantation growth without further labor-intensive monitoring, while ensuring the safety of aircraft flights.
URBAN PARAMETRIC PERCEPTION. THE CASE STUDY OF THE HISTORIC CENTRE OF PERUGIA
Authors: Bianconi F. , Filippucci M. , Seccaroni M. , Aquinardi C. M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The study describes a new approach methodology to detect and represent emotions from signals measured by an Emotiv EPOC cascade. The developed algorithm aims to obtain an analysis of emotions based on EEG data with interpolation of these using the concepts of the circumplex model. This tool will help in the analysis of emotions produced by the atmosphere of an environment in relation to the position, detected by GPS. In addition, the same algorithm will be used to search for a graphic representation of immediate reading, by means of colour association with the output values obtained, to integrate those of gaze analysis obtained by Pupil Player software and position data.
DECAY CLASSIFICATION USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Giovannini E. C. , Tomalini A. , Pristeri E. , Bergamasco L. , Lo Turco M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The paper presents DECAI - DEcay Classification using Artificial Intelligence, a novel study using machine learning algorithms to identify materials, degradations or surface gaps of an architectural artefact in a semi-automatic way. A customised software has been developed to allow the operator to choose which categories of materials to classify, and selecting sample data from an orthophoto of the artefact to train the machine learning algorithms. Thanks to Visual Programming Language algorithms, the classification results are directly imported into the H-BIM environment and used to enrich the H-BIM model of the artefact. To date, the developed tool is dedicated to research use only; future developments will improve the graphical interface to make this tool accessible to a wider public.
THE MEMORY OF A 2ND WW CAMP: 3D MODELING USING THE COMBINATION OF HYBRID TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Koehl M. , Seddik Y. , Calay A. , Brangé J. , Landolt M. , Basoge F. , Guillemin S. , Lutz L.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The Natzweiler-Struthof camp is the only concentration camp in France, in Alsace. In 1941, when the construction of this camp began, the Nazi regime had already set up several concentration camps in annexed territory. The purpose of this camp was mainly to intern the resistance considered dangerous for the regime. From a chronological point of view, the camp integrated in May 1941 its first prisoners. They were condemned to carry out inhumane work until the evacuation of the camp on September 2, 1944. The Natzweiler-Struthof camp was associated with a granite quarry where we can still find concrete foundations of old buildings as well as three galleries excavated with explosives. The digitization work aims to archive, analyze and understand the organization and operation to result in a 3D reconstruction of the site. In 2018, the Struthof site began a major restoration project. For the first time in this camp, an archaeological diagnosis was then made with the aim of understanding the still existing facilities and assuming the presence of other elements now destroyed. To deepen the knowledge on this camp, the Regional Administration of Cultural Affairs authorized in 2020 to carry out prospecting accompanied by a study of the built-up in an area still empty of research: the quarry. Currently, this part of the camp shows the remains of three buildings and three galleries. To know more about these elements and indirectly about the life of the camp and its prisoners, this study shows the approach adopted to prepare the 3D modeling of buildings and galleries.
POINT CLOUD EXPLOITATION FOR STRUCTURAL MODELING AND ANALYSIS: A RELIABLE WORKFLOW
Authors: Lucidi A. , Giordano E. , Clementi F. , Quattrini R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The digitization and geometric knowledge of the historical built heritage is currently based on point cloud, that rarely or only partially is used as digital twin for structural analysis. The present work deals with historical artefacts survey, with particular reference to masonry structures, aimed to their structural analysis and assessment. In detail, the study proposes a methodology capable of employing semi-directly the original data obtained from the 3D digital survey for the generation of a Finite Element Model (FEM), used for structural analysis of masonry buildings.The methodology described presents a reliable workflow with twofold purpose: the improvement of the transformation process of the point cloud in solid and subsequently obtain a high-quality and detailed model for structural analyses.Through the application of the methodology to a case study, the method consistency was assessed, regarding the smoothness of the whole procedure and the dynamic characterization of the Finite Element Model. The main improvement in respect with similar or our previous workflows is obtained by the introduction of the retopology in data processing, allowing the transformation of the raw data into a solid model with optimal balancing between Level of Detail (LOD) and computational weight. Another significant aspect of the optimized process is undoubtedly the possibility of faithfully respecting the semantics of the structure, leading to the discretization of the model into different parts depending on the materials. This work may represent an excellent reference for the study of masonry artefacts belonging to the existing historical heritage, starting from surveys and with the purpose to structural and seismic evaluations, in the general framework of knowledge-based preservation of heritage.
STATE-WIDE CALCULATION OF TERRAIN-VISUALISATIONS AND AUTOMATIC MAP GENERATION FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL OBJECTS
Authors: Thiemann F. , Schulze M. , Böhner U.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) became very popular in the last two decades for archaeological prospection. With the state-wide availability of ALS-data in Lower Saxony, Germany, about 48,000 km², we needed flexible and scalable approaches to process the data. First, we produced a state-wide digital terrain model (DTM) and some visualisations of it to use it in standard GIS software. Some of these visualisations are available as web maps and used for prospection also by volunteers. In a second approach, we automatically generate maps for all known archaeological objects. This is mainly used for the documentation of the 130,000 known objects in Lower Saxony, but also for object-by-object revision of the database. These Maps will also be presented in the web portal “Denkmalatlas Niedersachsen”, an open data imitative of the state Lower Saxony.In the first part of this paper, we show how the state-wide DTM and its visualisations can be calculated using tiles. In the second part, we describe the automatic map generation process. All implementations were done with ArcGIS and its scripting interface ArcPy.
LAND SUBSIDENCE HAZARD IN IRAN REVEALED BY COUNTRY-SCALE ANALYSIS OF SENTINEL-1 INSAR
Authors: Haghshenas Haghighi M. , Motagh M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Many areas across Iran are subject to land subsidence, a sign of exceeding stress due to the over-extraction of groundwater during the past decades. This paper uses a huge dataset of Sentinel-1, acquired since 2014 in 66 image frames of 250 × 250 km, to identify and monitor land subsidence across Iran. Using a two-step time series analysis, we first identify subsidence zones at a medium scale of 100 m across the country. For the first time, our results provide a comprehensive nationwide map of subsidence in Iran and recognize its spatial distribution and magnitude. Then, in the second step of analysis, we quantify the deformation time series at the highest possible resolution to study its impact on civil infrastructure. The results spots the hazard posed by land subsidence to different infrastructure. Examples of road and railways affected by land subsidence hazard in Tehran and Mashhad, two of the most populated cities in Iran, are presented in this study.
DROACOR® REFLECTANCE RETRIEVAL FOR HYPERSPECTRAL MINERAL EXPLORATION USING A GROUND-BASED ROTATING PLATFORM
Authors: Schläpfer D. , Richter R. , Popp C. , Nygren P.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The acquisition of imaging spectroscopy data from ground based rotating stages is a novel approach which is more and more used in open pit mines for prospection and controlling. The special radiometric situation of such data sets asks for new processing approaches for geometric processing as well as for reflectance retrieval. Herein, a new method for atmospheric correction and relative reflectance retrieval is presented which is optimized for the special horizontal scanning situation by hyperspectral instruments from rotating ground based platforms. The method is implemented within the recently developed drone atmospheric correction framework DROACOR®. It combines a physical inversion of a radiative transfer code with semi-empirical correction approaches for illumination and spectral absorption. Sample results from two open pit mines show that mineral detection after reflectance retrieval allows the discrimination of iron minerals and that the retrieved spectra are well comparable to standard library spectra.
LEARNING HARMONISED PLEIADES AND SENTINEL-2 SURFACE REFLECTANCES
Authors: Michel J. , Inglada J.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the use of machine-learning techniques in order to produce harmonised surface reflectances between Sentinel-2 and Pleiades images, and reduce the impact of the differences in sensors, view conditions, and atmospheric correction differences between them. We demonstrate that if a simple linear regression considering Sentinel-2 surface reflectances as the target domain can overcome this problem when both images are calibrated to Top of Canopy reflectances, the non-linearity brought by a simple Multi-Layer-Perceptron is already useful when Pleiades is corrected to Top of Atmosphere level and contributions of the atmosphere need to be learned. We also demonstrate that learning a Convolution Neural Network instead of a plain MLP can learn undesired spatial effects such as mis-registration or differences in spatial frequency content, that will affect the image quality of the corrected Pleiades product. We overcome this issue by proposing an adhoc input convolutional layer that will capture those effects and can later be unplugged during inference. Last, we also propose an architecture and loss function that is robust to unmasked clouds and produces a confidence prediction during inference.
TLS AND SHORT-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC DATA FUSION FOR BUILDINGS 3D MODELING
Authors: Ruiz P. R. S. , Almeida C. M. , Schimalski M. B. , Liesenberg V. , Mitishita E. A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The adoption of 3D survey techniques is essential to promote efficient and timely information acquisition on constructed buildings. This article addresses terrestrial LiDAR (TLS) and close-range photogrammetric data fusion for the 3D modeling of a building in Level of Detail (LoD) 3. The selected building presents challenging elements for modeling, such as extended curved slabs, external glass walls, recessed facades and diverse roof pitches. It is located on the campus of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) in Curitiba, Brazil. The accuracy of the data integration was obtained through the analysis of deviations between the clouds of primary points. The accuracy of the point cloud model was verified by comparing its dimensions with the real dimensions of the building, obtained by means of a handheld laser distance meter (EDM). The results demonstrate that there was a correspondence between the EDM measures and the model, with a satisfactory statistical agreement between the estimated and reference values and a general maximum absolute error of 4.5 cm. The article focuses on the accuracy of point cloud models for the cadastral updating of buildings, providing information for decision making in projects documentation and interventions.
TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF URBANISATION IMPACT ON THE TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS OFF MUMBAI COAST
Authors: Bhattacharjee S. , Lekshmi K. , Bharti R.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Urbanisation is an ever-evolving, complicated continuous process distinct from its surroundings, having the tendency to create a micro-scale system with characteristic local environmental conditions. Large-scale urbanization near the coasts has a definite impact on the coastal processes due to dynamic interactions of the coastal waters with the urban atmospheric, hydrological and anthropogenic residues. This study focuses on understanding the contribution of immediate atmospheric variations due to urbanization on surface temperature of coastal waters along the Mumbai coast. Different meteorological and air quality parameters such as Air Temperature (AT), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Precipitation (P), Relative Humidity (RH), Wind Speed (WS) and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) collectively were used as determinants of local urban climatic environment; to analyse and understand the impact of urbanization on Sea Surface Temperature (SST) representing coastal system. ERA5 Reanalysis meteorological data and MODIS satellite data products were used to extract information of the said parameters for a period of 20 years and time-series analysis was performed for each using Mann-Kendall method to establish their trend. Harmonic regression using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Neural Network Autoregression (NNAR) were used to model the existing and forecast the future trend of SST which showed an increasing trend with comparatively better representation by NNAR (RMSE 0.4 – 0.7 K). Further, a polynomial multiple regression model was built to correlate the influence of all urban climatic parameters with SST, which clearly indicated positive forcing of local climate variation on the coastal waters with an R2 value of 0.93.
URBANISATION IMPACT ON CREATION OF HEAT ISLANDS IN LARGE CITIES
Authors: Gašparović M. , Zorić Š. , Singh S. K.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Global warming is getting more and more attention, and one of the main reasons is the rapid growth of the surface temperature. Today more than fifty percent of the human population is living in the cities, and with the growing tendency by the year 2050 to seventy percent, urbanisation is becoming one of the main factors of global warming. Conducted research indicates that the heat island effect is increasing rapidly in a territory with fast urbanisation growth. The surface temperature and air temperature are increasing in surrounding rural areas. This research aims to analyze urbanisation's impact on creating heat islands in a specific time frame from 1990 until 2020 in five large cities with satellite imagery obtained from Landsat satellite missions. By conducting the land cover classification and interpretation of vegetation indexes with the help of GEE (Google Earth Engine) and GIS tools as well as their changes in time by using different channels of satellite imagery will try to show the correlation between urbanisation and heat islands. This research is important for the professional and academic society because the control of global warming and increasing the quality of life in cities is today's priority.
ESTIMATING CONTRIBUTION OF WATER FLOW COMPONENTS TO KAMENG RIVER BASIN USING HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING
Authors: Arora S. , Kulkarni A. V. , Ghosh P. , Satheesh S. K.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The Himalayas, also known as third pole of the Earth feed some of the major rivers of the world viz. Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra etc. The accurate assessment of water resources in eastern Himalayas is very important for respective policy makers. The detailed assessment of water resources and hydrological cycle component are very critical for attaining United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) such as affordable and clean energy, clean water and sanitation and building resilient infrastructure This study focuses on Kameng river basin, estimating the melt water & its contribution to the total discharge of the river. A 3-layer VIC model coupled with energy balance algorithm is used to estimate the patterns of melt and discharge profile in the region. Net contribution of melt water to the river were estimated to be about 18% during peak melt season in upper catchments. With advancement in technology, acquiring meteorological data via remote sensing has become more accurate & of high resolution. This data is one of the major inputs of the model. With accurate forecasting of these parameters, multipurpose hydropower projects in these regions can plan well in advance thus playing a major role in Integrated Water Resource Management. In current study the coefficient of determination & Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency were calculated to be 0.82 & 0.71 respectively. With increasing population in the region, any substantial change in the streamflow will have consequences unknown as of now, thus making this study a necessity & need of hour.
FIELD VALIDATION OF ICESAT-2 DATA ALONG CHINARE ROUTE IN EAST ANTARCTICA
Authors: Cui H. , Li R. , Li H. , Hao T. , Qiao G. , He Y. , Hai G. , Xie H. , Cheng Y. , Li B.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. A field validation of the ICESat-2 elevation data has been conducted along the CHINARE (CHINese Antarctic Research Expedition) route near the Amery Ice Shelf in East Antarctica from December 2019 to February 2020. The study area covers a 520 km traverse from the coastal Zhongshan Station to the inland Taishan Station. We deployed two roof-mounted GNSS receivers to collect elevation data along the traverse and reduced them to the ice surface height with measured boresight parameters. The comparison of the ICESat-2 data (Release 003) with the high-precision ground-based GNSS along the traverse shows that the elevations of ATL06 ice surface products are accurate to 1.5 cm with 9.1 cm precision, and the elevations of ATL03 photon events are accurate to 4.3 cm with 8.5 cm precision. The validation results indicated high accuracy of 1.5–4.3 cm of ICESat-2 data, which provides the potentials to observe and evaluate the low-level mass changes in East Antarctica. The methodology and hardware system can be improved to execute a continuous assessment of ICESat-2 data in the following mission period.
SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF BURNED AREAS IN SATELLITE IMAGES USING A U-NET-BASED CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Brand A. K. , Manandhar A.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The use of remote sensing data for burned area mapping hast led to unprecedented advances within the field in recent years. Although threshold and traditional machine learning based methods have successfully been applied to the task, they implicate drawbacks including the involvement of complex rule sets and requirement of previous feature engineering. In contrast, deep learning offers an end-to-end solution for image analysis and semantic segmentation. In this study, a variation of U-Net is investigated for mapping burned areas in mono-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery. The experimental setup is divided into two phases. The first one includes a performance evaluation based on test data, while the second serves as a use case simulation and spatial evaluation of training data quality. The former is especially designed to compare the results between two local (trained only with data from the respective research areas) and a global (trained with the whole dataset) variant of the model with research areas being Indonesia and Central Africa. The networks are trained from scratch with a manually generated customized training dataset. The application of the two variants per region revealed only slight superiority of the local model (macro-F1: 92%) over the global model (macro-F1: 91%) in Indonesia with no difference in overall accuracy (OA) at 94%. In Central Africa, the results of the global and local model are the same in both metrics (OA: 84%, macro-F1: 82%). Overall, the outcome demonstrates the global model’s ability to generalize despite high dissimilarities between the research areas.
MONITORING CHLOROPHYLL-A AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE WITH SATELLITE DATA DERIVED FROM MULTIPLE SENSORS
Authors: Tuzcu Kokal A. , Musaoğlu N.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Water is an essential natural source for human being and environment. To conserve water sources, monitoring them by using remote sensing data and technologies is an efficient way. In this study, water quality of the Sea of Marmara (Turkey), which has lots of currents, was examined. The main aim of the study was developing a common model to monitor chlorophyll-a concentration in time by using satellite data. After, the coefficients of the OC2 (ocean chlorophyll 2) model were detected by curve fitting, it was applied to Landsat images. The bias and RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) were found as 0.73 µg/l and 5.80 µg/l, respectively. The high RMSE was stemmed from dynamic structure of the sea. Thus, the temporal resolution has a profound impact on the accuracy of estimations. The developed model was applied to the HLS (Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2) data, which has high temporal resolution. The results of the HLS and Landsat images were compared, and HLS is found as proper to monitor the water quality. The combined data (SST (Sea Surface Temperature) daily data from 1981 to present derived from satellite observations Level-4 product) was used for the secondary aim of the study which was monitoring SST. The bias and RMSE of the data, which was acquired on 19.07.2017, were found as 0.33 °C and 1.12 °C, respectively. The bias and RMSE of the data, which was acquired on 18.07.2018, were found as −0.02 °C and 1.03 °C, respectively. The combined data is found appropriate to monitor the SST.
URBAN HEAT ISLAND FOOTPRINT EFFECTS ON BIO-PRODUCTIVE RURAL LAND COVERS SURROUNDING A LOW DENSITY URBAN CENTER
Authors: Burnett M. , Chen D.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The urban heat island (UHI) is a common effect caused by urbanization and has been studied to evaluate the thermal condition in cities worldwide. However, most previous UHI analyses are performed in major metropolitan cities. This study conducts a spatiotemporal analysis of UHI in a rapidly expanding low-density suburban centre and determines how bio-productive land covers react and the extent of the disturbance to each land cover based on time series land surface temperatures extracted from Landsat 7 ETM+ images. Two methods applied and compared are the single exponential decay method, which measures UHI footprint (UHIFP) on vegetation phenology, and the two dimensional Gaussian surface, which quantifies the influence based on distance from the local urban perimeter. Three spectral indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Moisture Index (NDMI), and the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)) were extracted and the residuals from the Gaussian model were compared based on these indices in order to better understand the thermal variations of each land cover within a UHI. The results show that the UHIFP of the studied low-density suburban centre is 1.4 times larger than the size of the urban centre, marginally smaller than previous analyses performed within high-density metropolises. All vegetated land covers experienced their maximum cooling effects before reaching the UHIFP perimeter while urban surfaces begin to diverge from the Gaussian model outside of the UHIFP. The residuals of sparse vegetation maintained strong correlations with each index throughout the growing season while NDMI retained the strongest relationships with every land cover. This study has helped us better understand the UHI effects of small communities with varied vegetation phonology based on the distribution of built-up pervious and impervious surfaces within the neighbourhood structure. The similar results from both methods indicate a strong urban cover influence overpowering the dominant distribution of agricultural surfaces throughout the growing season.
THE POTENTIAL OF SENTINEL-1 DATA TO SUPPLEMENT HIGH RESOLUTION EARTH OBSERVATION DATA FOR MONITORING GREEN AREAS IN CITIES
Authors: Iglseder A. , Bruggisser M. , Dostálová A. , Pfeifer N. , Schlaffer S. , Wagner W. , Hollaus M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Green areas play an important role within urban agglomerations due to their impact on local climate and their recreation function. For detailed monitoring, frameworks like the flora fauna habitat (FFH) classification scheme of the European Union’s Habitat Directive are broadly used. By date, FFH classifications are mostly expert-based. Within this study, a data-driven approach for FFH classification is tested. For two test areas in the municipality of Vienna, ALS point cloud data are used to derive predictor variables like terrain features, vegetation structure and potential insulation as well as reflection properties from full waveform analysis on a 1 m grid. In addition, Sentinel-1 C-Band time series data are used to increase the temporal resolution of the predicting features and to add phenological characteristics. For two 1.3 × 1.3 km test tiles, random forest classifiers are trained using different combinations (ALS, SAR, ALS+SAR) of input features. For all model test runs, the combination of ALS and SAR input features lead to best prediction accuracies when applied on test data.
ESTIMATING CARBON AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN REMOTE REGIONS OF CANADA
Authors: Ituen I. , Hu B.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Longer growing seasons in Northern Ontario are predicted, as a result of climate change. There is the expectation that there will be increased land use conversion from natural forests in Northern Ontario to capitalise on the new economic opportunities resulting from longer growing seasons. This study examines the impacts the land conversion – from forest to agricultural environment – has on the greenhouse gas emissions and soil properties. We use remote sensing technologies for detecting these changes. This paper highlights an automatic method we developed for change detection. The method was applied to the satellite data over a predominantly vegetated area of Northern Ontario for the period 2001 to 2016. The study showed how the forest air and soil properties transform over time from various land disturbances, and how subsequent management schemes affect the environmental properties such as greenhouse gas emissions and the soil carbon stock.
CORAL REEFS ON INHABITED AND UNINHABITED SMALL ISLANDS, SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO, INDONESIA
Authors: Nurdin N. , Amri K. , Rasyid A. R. , Pulubuhu D. A. T. , Nurdin N. , Komatsu T.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The small islands in Indonesia is providing important ecosystem services. It is important to identify damages of a coral reef ecosystem and whether natural factors or anthropogenic factors are the main causes. Landsat images obtained with different sensors were analyzed for mapping coral reef on inhabited and uninhabited small islands, Spermonde archipelago, Indonesia. Overall accuracies of three habitats classification were 89.2% and 85.6%, respectively. They are live coral, dead coral and non-coral. Ground truth surveys were selected by using the unsupervised classification method The live coral in inhabited islands was slightly greater than in uninhabited. An increasing area of live coral was about 5.3 ha of the total area in 1990 per year while a decreasing of dead coral was 3.5 ha per year in inhabited islands. In uninhabited island, a decreasing speed of live coral habitat area was about 0.6 per year. During 29 years, a significant increase in the dead coral and decrease in live corals. It has been identified that the significant controlling factor for the disturbances in reef ecosystem is derived from natural and anthropogenic.
APPLICATION OF UAV SURVEYS FOR EVALUATING THE PRODUCTIVITY LEVELS OF TRADITIONAL AND MECHANISED FARMERS IN A CUSTOMARY LAND TENURE SYSTEM
Authors: Olayinka D. N. , Omolaye K. L. , Ilesanmi A. J. , Okolie C. J. , Arungwa I. D.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In most of Nigeria’s rural communities, land holdings are small and uneven; and this impacts significantly on their mechanisation potentials. This fragmented nature of the farmlands also inhibits the creation of an effective land market. This study utilised a digital orthomosaic generated from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) survey in evaluating the productivity levels of traditional and mechanised farmers in Okeho Community of Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The aerial survey was conducted with a DJI Phantom 4 Professional UAV covering 250 acres of traditional and mechanised farmlands to produce a very high resolution orthomosaic at 6 cm spatial resolution. Sixty-three respondents (61 traditional farmers and 2 mechanised farmers) were also interviewed using questionnaires. Their responses were keyed into a database with the Open Data Kit (ODK) data collector. The orthomosaic was classified into farmland units and a database of the farmers land holdings was created in ArcGIS software. Some parameters influencing their productivity were computed – Crop Field Fraction (CFF) and Crop Yield Index (CYI). The results showed that very few farmers had a shared equity on land (only 3%); most farms were acquired under freehold or lease. Also, only 1% of their farm sizes was larger than 5 acres. There was a sharp disparity in the crop field fraction (traditional farms – 32.2; mechanised farms – 68.8), and the productivity from the mechanised farmers surpasses that of the traditional farmers. It is recommended that the Government should support cluster farming systems among farmers to boost productivity.
SPATIOTEMPORAL CHANGE ANALYSIS OF THE PROTECTED AREAS: A CASE STUDY – İĞNEADA FLOODPLAIN FORESTS
Authors: Toker M. , Çolak E. , Sunar F.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Protected areas are important with land or water body ecosystems that have biodiversity, flora and fauna species. In Turkey, National Parks are one of the protected areas managed according to the National Parks Law No. 2873. Among them, the İğneada Floodplain Forests National Park, located in İğneada town in the province of Kırklareli, Turkey has been declared as a national park in 2007, and has an importance being a rare ecosystem, which consists of wetland, swamp, lakes and coastal sand dunes. Planning of Protected Areas can be done in a variety of ways, taking into account the balance of protection/use and should follow policies and guidelines. Today, for the sustainability and effective management of forest ecosystems, remote sensing technology provides an effective tool for assessing and monitoring ecosystem health at different temporal and spatial scales. In this study, potential temporal changes in the National Park were analyzed with Landsat satellite time series images using two different methods. First method, the Landtrendr algorithm (Landsat-based Detection of Trends in Disturbance and Recovery) developed for multitemporal satellite data, uses pixel values as input data and analysis them by using regression models to capture, label and map the changes. In this context, Landsat satellite time series images were taken quinquennial between 1987 and 2007 and biennially until 2017 for Landtrendr analysis (i.e. before and after its declaration as a National Park, respectively). As a second approach, the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-based platform, which facilitates access to high-performance computing resources to process large long-term data sets, was used to analyze the impact of land cover changes. The results showed that the area was subjected to various pressures (i.e. due to illegal felling, pollution, etc.) until it was declared as a National park. Although there was general improvement and recovery after the region declared as a Park, it was seen that the sensitive dynamics of the region require continuous monitoring and protection using geo-information technologies.
Noteworthy: News Briefs from PA Libraries
Authors: Jansen Annie
Published: June 2021

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Index of the Mitsui Mi’ike Mine Archive
Authors: Adal Raja
Published: June 2021

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Timon Screech. The Shogun’s Silver Telescope: God, Art and Money in the English Quest for Japan. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. 336 pp. ISBN 978-0198832034
Authors: Good Peter J.
Published: June 2021

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El hogar: un metafactor para la promoción de la resiliencia en el sinhogarismo
Authors: Regalado Piñero Jonathan Jesús , Torbay Betancor Ángela Esther , Rodríguez Santana Gustavo Mario
Published: June 2021

La evidencia científica ha demostrado que la perspectiva de resiliencia es una alternativa útil y, posiblemente, eficaz para la intervención en situaciones de sinhogarismo. Con esta investigación se busca responder a algunos interrogantes sobre la relación entre resiliencia y sinhogarismo, con el fin de encontrar fundamentos para el desarrollo de intervenciones eficaces con personas sin hogar. La investigación se realizó con una muestra de 120 sujetos, con hogar y sin hogar. Se comprobó que la situación residencial y la resiliencia son variables relacionadas y que existe una relación inversa entre la falta de hogar y la resiliencia. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el nivel de resiliencia de las personas sin hogar y el de las personas con hogar. Otro resultado fue el de que, a mayor tiempo en situación de sinhogarismo, menor es el nivel de resiliencia. Una de las conclusiones principales de este estudio es que el hogar es un metafactor de resiliencia en situaciones de sinhogarismo.
Factors that influence immigration to OECD member States
Authors: Carbajal María José , De Miguel Calvo Jesús María
Published: June 2021

This study aims to identify factors related to the Immigration rates experienced by OECD member states, it focused on “net immigration rates” as the main dependent variable.  We considered that “Demand- Pull” factors that trigger variations on the immigration rates are perceived economic stability and their socio-political stance toward immigrants. Even though the two of the proposed hypothesis in this study were rejected, other variables which seem to have a greater impact on migration, such a trade and globalization were identified.  As the indices globalization increase, the rates of immigration seem to increase, in contrast there is a negative correlation between the variable trade and immigration, findings that seemed to be supported by empirical evidence provided by other scholars presented in this report.
El abuso sexual contra la infancia: consideraciones para la práctica clínica de los trabajadores y las trabajadoras sociales con familias
Authors: De Toro Consuagra Ximena Leonor
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo es una revisión bibliográfica de la información actualizada acerca de los criterios que se tienen en cuenta en la intervención con padres y madres sin conductas abusivas (entendidos como cuidadores y cuidadoras) por parte de trabajadores(as) sociales de la práctica clínica del sistema de protección a la infancia, específicamente, en programas de apoyo a niños(as) que han sido víctimas de abuso sexual en la infancia. En la búsqueda se enfatizan aquellos factores que persiguen fortalecer la alianza terapéutica entre trabajadores(as) sociales y familias, por considerarla un elemento clave para evitar que la familia abandone el proceso de superación de la experiencia abusiva. La búsqueda de los textos se hizo a partir de las palabras clave en revistas especializadas en infancia, familia y abuso sexual. Se identificaron siete dimensiones clave: a) Efectos del apoyo parental posterior a la develación; b) Consecuencias intrapersonales en los cuidadores(as) a considerar por los trabajadores(as) sociales; c) Consecuencias interpersonales de los cuidadores(as) a considerar por los trabajadores(as) sociales; d) Importancia de involucrar al padre; e) Importancia de las primeras respuestas del sistema de protección; f) El proceso terapéutico con los cuidadores(as); g) Importancia de reforzar la alianza parental. Se concluye con unas recomendaciones generales y unas futuras líneas de investigación.
Türkiye’de Kanıta Dayalı Tıp Rehber ve Protokol Çalışmaları: Sağlık Araştırmaları Genel Müdürlüğü ve Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Örnekleri
Authors: DİLMAÇ ARTUN Elife , ACAR Adile , SABUNCUOĞLU İlker , TECİRLİ Gülcan
Published: June 2021

Klinik uygulama kılavuzları (rehber ve protokoller), belirli klinik durumlar için uygun sağlık bakımı hakkında hekim ve hasta kararlarına yardımcı olmak için geliştirilmiş sistematik açıklamalardır. Klinik uygulamayı dolayısıyla sağlık sonuçlarını iyileştirmek için, iyi geliştirilmiş Klinik Uygulama Kılavuzlarına ve etkili uygulama yöntemlerine ihtiyaç vardır. Özellikle son 30 yılda, klinik uygulama kılavuzlarının temelini oluşturan yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi, güncellenmesi, raporlanması, özel amaçlara göre uyarlanması, uygulanması ve değerlendirilmesi üzerine yapılan araştırmalar hız kazanmıştır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı, Sağlık Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü Daire Başkanlıklarından biri olan Araştırma Geliştirme ve Sağlık Teknolojisi Değerlendirme Dairesi Başkanlığı koordinasyonunda hazırlanan COVID-19 dışındaki klinik rehber ve protokollerin, sağlık olgularının yönetiminde kanıta dayalı iyi klinik uygulamaları tanımlaması, hasta bakım ve güvenlik standartlarını belirlemesi ile etkili ve sürdürülebilir stratejilerin seçiminde tüm sağlık profesyonellerine rehberlik etmesi hedeflenmektedir. Ülke düzeyinde, daha iyi klinik sonuçlara ulaşılmasına katkıda bulunmak için oluşturulan bu dinamik yapının gelişimi ile etkili ve verimli bir şekilde sürekliliğin sağlanması, ilgili tüm paydaşların desteği ile mümkündür.
Modelos matemáticos y computacionales para el análisis de la dinámica ecológica de las lagunas de la región pampeana
Authors: Maestri María Laura
Published: June 2021

Esta tesis aborda el problema de describir la dinámica del área de lagunas de la región pampeana bonaerense y vincularla con las precipitaciones, generando una metodología basada en el procesamiento de imágenes Landsat y el análisis de datos provenientes de estaciones meteorológicos del SMN, que sea aplicable al estudio de la dinámica ecológica de estos ambientes acuáticos. El trabajo se inicia con una descripción de los cuerpos de agua en general y de las lagunas pampeanas en particular, haciendo énfasis en las cinco lagunas que se seleccionaron como objeto de estudio (Capítulo 1). Luego se describen todos los elementos involucrados en la construcción, interpretación y preprocesamiento de una imagen satelital (Capítulo 2). A continuación, se describen y comparan cinco algoritmos computacionales que permiten calcular el área de cuerpos lénticos a partir de imágenes satelitales (Capítulo 3). Posteriormente, se realiza un análisis de las precipitaciones registradas en el período 1970-2015 en las estaciones a partir de las cuales se calcula la precipitación local en cada laguna. También se calcula el Indice de Precipitación Estandarizado (SPI) para determinar la ocurrencia de períodos secos y húmedos (Capítulo 4). Finalmente, se construyen Modelos Lineales Generalizados con el objetivo de describir la variación del área lacunar, a lo largo del período 1984-2015, vinculándola a las precipitaciones previas y la cantidad de días de lluvias previos a cada imagen.
This thesis addresses the problem of describing the dynamics of the lagoon area of the Buenos Aires Pampas region and linking it to rainfall, generating a methodology based on Landsat image processing and data analysis from weather stations of the SMN, which is applicable to study of the ecological dynamics of these aquatic environments. The work begins with a description of the water bodies in general and the Pampas lagoons in particular, emphasizing the five lagoons that were selected as the object of study (Chapter 1). Later, all the elements involved in the construction, interpretation and preprocessing of a satellite image are described (Chapter 2). Next, five computational algorithms that allow the calculation of the area of lentic bodies from satellite images are described and compared (Chapter 3). Subsequently, an analysis of the rainfall recorded in the 1970-2015 period is performed at the stations from which the local rainfall in each lagoon is calculated. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is also computed to determine the occurrence of dry and wet periods (Chapter 4). Finally, Generalized Linear Models are constructed with the objective of describing the variation of the lacunar area, over the period 1984-2015, linking it to the previous rainfall and the number of rainy days prior to each image.
CONVECTIVE DRYING OF KUMQUAT SLICES: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT DRYING TEMPERATURES ON DRYING KINETICS, COLOUR, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY
Authors: IZLI G. , IZLI N. , TASKIN O. , YILDIZ Gulcin
Published: June 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of different temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80 °C) on the drying kinetics of kumquat slices. Additionally, quality attributes such as colour, total phenolic (TP) content and antioxidant capacity (ATC) of dried specimens at various temperatures in comparison with the fresh sample was determined. In accordance with the statistical findings of ten different thin layer modeling, Logarithmic at 50 °C and the Midilli et al. at 60, 70 and 80 °C models showed the best fit of the experimental data of the kumquat samples when compared to the other models. All colour parameters were changed and it was found that the samples dried at 50 °C had the closest colour values compared with the fresh sample (P<0.05). There was a decreasing in other quality attributes of dried samples compared to the untreated sample. Specifically, specimens drying at 70 ºC had the highest TP content and ATC among the samples dried at different temperatures.
MAGNETITE EMBEDDED BIOCHAR AS NANO-SORBENT FOR EFFECTIVE ADSORPTION OF TEXTILE DYE
Authors: Seenuvasan M. , Malar Carlin Geor , Carter S.B. Ron , Praveen S.
Published: June 2021

The nano-sorbent was synthesized by the embedment of magnetite onto the biochar obtained from Cassia auriculata for the effective adsorption of Levafix blue (LB) dye. Different instrumental techniques revealed the properties of biochar and the nano-sorbent. It was very distinct that the nano-sorbent gained highly favorable properties to be an effectual bio-sorbent. The effect of contact time, initial dye concentration and nano-sorbent dosage on the removal of LB dye was examined. Also, out of the kinetics studies models, the best fit and highest R2 values (0.9873) showed that the adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were established for the adsorption equilibrium data and the Temkin model showed the best reliability with the experimental results with highest R2 value of 0.9915. The adsorption system was modelled using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for biochar and nano-sorbent. The developed well-trained neural structure suggested the high performance of nano-sorbent.
Social Resources Mobilization for General Education Development: A Case Study for Secondary Schools in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Dac , Nguyen Phuong Nam
Published: June 2021

The mobilization of social resources for educational development in schools is considered an important demonstration of the roles and responsibilities of parents and the community for the cause of education. This paper describes the frequency and efficiency of nine categories of social resources mobilization used in secondary schools in the South of Vietnam. The research team identified the reasons for and methods by which the mobilization of social resources takes place in six secondary schools in Southern Vietnam. We combined a questionnaire, completed by 202 school teachers and school managers, with in-depth interviews, observation and document analysis. The results showed high levels of both implementation and efficiency (scale reliability Cronbach’s alpha 0.93 and 0.92) of the mobilization of social resources, revealing a high interest in and engagement with social resources mobilization by social educational forces. Based on those results, we make a number of suggestions for improving the efficiency of this work, particularly in the South of Vietnam in reality.