bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of wax separation on macro‐ and micro‐elements, phenolic compounds, pesticide residues, and toxic elements in propolis
Authors: Evran Eylul , Durakli‐Velioglu Serap , Velioglu Hasan Murat , Boyaci Ismail Hakki
Published: December 2023

Propolis, a natural product with many biological activities, is a resinous material produced by honeybees. It contains not only valuable components but also some possible contaminants in varying amounts. Hence, this study aimed to examine how the process step of wax separation affects certain elements, pesticide residues, and phenolic compounds in propolis. Total phenolics, elements, and some pesticide residues were analyzed in the crude propolis (CP samples), wax portion (W samples), and remaining propolis fraction (PF samples) after wax separation. Total phenolics of the CP samples were determined in the range of 31.90–45.00 mg GAE g−1 sample, while those of the PF samples were in the range of 54.97–162.09 mg GAE g−1 sample. Loss/reduction values by means of wax separation for phenolics were calculated as 10.88% and 17.89%, respectively. Pb contents of all PF samples were low (0.232–1.520 mg kg−1), but it was also noteworthy that nearly 40% or even more of Cr, As, Cd, and Pb were removed by wax separation. Removal of significant amounts of carbendazim (38.09%–67.35%), metalaxyl (81.57%–72.67%), tebuconazole (65.99%–78.36%), and propargite (88.46%–83.05%) was also achieved. Wax separation enables the removal of toxic substances from crude propolis without causing huge losses in phenolic compounds.
Cluster analysis of flowcytometric immunophenotyping with extended T cell subsets in suspected immunodeficiency
Authors: Seitz Luca , Gaitan Daniel , Berkemeier Caroline M. , Berger Christoph T. , Recher Mike
Published: December 2023

Background

Patients with immunodeficiencies commonly experience diagnostic delays resulting in morbidity. There is an unmet need to identify patients earlier, especially those with high risk for complications. Compared to immunoglobulin quantification and flowcytometric B cell subset analysis, expanded T cell subset analysis is rarely performed in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected immunodeficiency. The simultaneous interpretation of multiple immune variables, including lymphocyte subsets, is challenging.

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic value of cluster analyses of immune variables in patients with suspected immunodeficiency.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 38 immune system variables, including seven B cell and sixteen T cell subpopulations, in 107 adult patients (73 with immunodeficiency, 34 without) evaluated at a tertiary outpatient immunology clinic. Correlation analyses of individual variables, k‐means cluster analysis with evaluation of the classification into “no immunodeficiency” versus “immunodeficiency” and visual analyses of hierarchical heatmaps were performed.

Results

Binary classification of patients into groups with and without immunodeficiency was correct in 54% of cases with the full data set and increased to 69% and 75% of cases, respectively, when only 16 variables with moderate (p < .05) or 7 variables with strong evidence (p < .01) for a difference between groups were included. In a cluster heatmap with all patients but only moderately differing variables and a heatmap with only immunodeficient patients restricted to T cell variables alone, segregation of most patients with common variable immunodeficiency and combined immunodeficiency was observed.

Conclusion

Cluster analyses of immune variables, including detailed lymphocyte flowcytometry with T cell subpopulations, may support clinical decision making for suspected immunodeficiency in daily practice.
Increased gene expression of CCR6 and RORγt in peripheral blood cells of rheumatoid arthritis patients and their correlation with anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide and disease activity
Authors: Roghani Seyed Askar , Lotfi Ramin , Soroush Masood Ghasemzade , Khorasanizadeh Ali , Feizollahi Parisa , Assar Shirin , Soufivand Parviz , Pournazari Mehran , Mohammadi Kish Zahra , Taghadosi Mahdi
Published: December 2023

Objectives

The significance of T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has recently been demonstrated in many studies. Retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor γt (RORγt) is a transcription factor that is specifically involved in the generation of Th17 cells. Besides, the chemokine receptor CCR6, the receptor for CCL20, is characteristically expressed by these cells. Considering the pivotal roles of Th17 cells in RA pathogenesis, in this study, we assessed the gene expression of CCR6 and RORγt in the peripheral blood leukocytes of new case RA patients. Also, we evaluated their association with anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibodies and disease activity.

Methods

Forty‐five new case RA patients and 45 healthy persons have been recruited in this investigation. The gene expression of CCR6 and RORγt was evaluated by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), and anti‐CCP antibodies plasma levels were measured using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Disease activity was measured according to the disease activity score‐28 (DAS‐28) formula.

Results

The gene expression of CCR6 and RORγt increased remarkably in new case RA patients compared to healthy controls (p < .05 and p < .01, respectively). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between RORγt gene expression and parameters, including gene expression of CCR6 (p = .001, r = .461), plasma levels of CCL20 (p = .0009, r = .477), ESR (p = .004, r = .419), DAS‐28 (p = .006, r = .402), anti‐CCP (p = .019, r = .346), and RF (p = .001, r = .451). Also, CCR6 gene expression was positively associated with the DAS‐28 (p = .037, r = .310), plasma levels of anti‐CCP (p = .037, r = .312), and ESR (p = .029, r = .327).

Conclusion

Increased gene expression of CCR6 and RORγt in peripheral blood leukocytes of new case RA patients may contribute to the exacerbation and pathogenesis of RA.
Psychometrics of psychosocial behavior items under age 6 years: Evidence from Nebraska, USA
Authors: Waldman Marcus R. , Raikes Abbie , Hepworth Katelyn , Black Maureen M. , Cavallera Vanessa , Dua Tarun , Janus Magdalena , Martin‐Herz Susanne P. , McCoy Dana C. , Weber Ann M.
Published: December 2023

Because healthy psychosocial development in the first years of life is critical to lifelong well‐being, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations are increasingly interested in monitoring psychosocial behaviors among populations of children. In response, the World Health Organization is developing the Global Scales of Early Development Psychosocial Form (GSED PF) to facilitate population‐level psychosocial monitoring. Once validated, the GSED PF will be an open‐access, caregiver‐reported measure of children's psychosocial behaviors that is appropriate for infants and young children. This study examines the psychometric validity evidence from 45 items under consideration for inclusion in the GSED PF. Using data from N = 836 Nebraskan (USA) children aged 180 days to 71 months, results indicate that scores from 44 of the 45 (98%) items exhibit positive evidence of validity and reliability. A bifactor model with one general factor and five specific factors best fit the data, exhibited strong reliability, and acceptable model fit. Criterion associations with known predictors of children's psychosocial behaviors were in the expected direction. These findings suggest that measurement of children's psychosocial behaviors may be feasible, at least in the United States. Data from more culturally and linguistically diverse settings is needed to assess these items for global monitoring.
Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome—A potential mechanistic therapeutic for treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome?
Authors: Chamanara Solmaz , Hozouri Vahid , Irandoost Elnaz
Published: December 2023

This review article explores the relationship between the NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The NLRP3 inflammasome, a fundamental element of the innate immune system, plays a crucial role in the production of proinflammatory mediators and pyroptosis, a type inflammatory cell death. We conducted a thorough search on scientific databases to gather relevant information on this topic, utilizing relevant keywords. The reviewed studies indicated a correlation between PCOS and a higher incidence of granulosa cell (GC) death and the presence of ovarian tissue fibrosis. NLRP3 inflammasome stimulation and subsequent pyroptosis in GCs play a significant role in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Active NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the production of inflammatory mediators like interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and IL‐18, contributing to the development of PCOS, particularly in overweight patients. Therefore, inhibiting NLRP3 activation and pyroptosis could potentially offer novel therapeutic strategies for PCOS. Some limited studies have explored the use of agents with antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, as well as gene therapy approaches, to target the NLRP3 and pyroptosis signaling pathways. This study overview the understanding of the relationship between NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pyroptosis, and PCOS. It highlights the potential of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome as an approach for treating PCOS. Nonetheless, further research and clinical trials are imperative to validate these results and explore the effectiveness of NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in the management of PCOS.
Reusing a residue from the juice industry: extraction of oil from passion fruit seeds and its incorporation into liposomes
Authors: Suzuki Rúbia Michele , Sérgi Gomes Maria Carolina , Sgorlon Juliana Guerra , Oliveira Defendi Rafael , Raimundini Aranha Ana Caroline , Sipoli Caroline Casagrande
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Passion fruit seeds are a residue of the pulp and juice production industry and have the potential to be used for the extraction of vegetable oil contained in them, which is rich in bioactive compounds. This work evaluated the extraction of oil using organic solvents (mixtures of hexane–ethanol–water and hexane–methanol–water) and the use of ethanol as an alternative to methanol, which is used in traditional methodologies. Several solvent mixtures were investigated to determine the condition that provides the highest oil yield. Subsequently, liposomes were produced using the ethanol injection method and the influence of oil addition on the physical–chemical characteristics of the nanoparticulated system was evaluated.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

The results showed that the highest oil yield was obtained using the mixture of hexane, ethanol and water, indicating the possibility of replacing methanol with a less toxic solvent. In addition, good results were obtained for the incorporation of lipids with passion fruit oil into liposomes, with the best conditions obtained being for lipid concentrations of 4.64 and 6.96 mmol L−1 with 10% and 17% of oil content, respectively. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Percentage of Pancreatic Cysts on MRI With a Pancreatic Carcinoma: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Elmi Nika , McEvoy David , McInnes Matthew D.F. , Alabousi Mostafa , Hecht Elizabeth M. , Luk Lyndon , Asghar Sunna , Jajodia Ankush , de Carvalho Tiago Lins , Warnica William J. , Zha Nanxi , Ullah Sadaf , van der Pol Christian B.
Published: December 2023

Background

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are frequent on MRI and are thought to be associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) necessitating long‐term surveillance based on older studies suffering from selection bias.

Purpose

To establish the percentage of patients with PCLs on MRI with a present or future PDAC.

Study Type

Systematic review, meta‐analysis.

Population

Adults with PCLs on MRI and a present or future diagnosis of PDAC were eligible. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scopus were searched to April 2022 (PROSPERO:CRD42022320502). Studies limited to PCLs not requiring surveillance, <100 patients, or those with a history/genetic risk of PDAC were excluded.

Field Strength/Sequence

≥1.5 T with ≥1 T2‐weighted sequence.

Assessment

Two investigators extracted data, with discrepancies resolved by a third. QUADAS‐2 assessed bias. PDAC was diagnosed using a composite reference standard.

Statistical Tests

A meta‐analysis of proportions was performed at the patient‐level with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results

Eight studies with 1289 patients contributed to the percentage of patients with a present diagnosis of PDAC, and 10 studies with 3422 patients to the percentage with a future diagnosis. Of patients with PCLs on MRI, 14.8% (95% CI 2.4–34.9) had a PDAC at initial MRI, which decreased to 6.0% (2.2–11.3) for studies at low risk of bias. For patients without PDAC on initial MRI, 2.0% (1.1–3.2) developed PDAC during surveillance, similar for low risk of bias studies at 1.9% (0.7–3.6), with no clear trend of increased PDAC for longer surveillance durations. For patients without worrisome features or high‐risk stigmata, 0.9% (0.1–2.2) developed PDAC during surveillance. Of 10, eight studies had a median surveillance ≥3 years (range 3–157 months). Sources of bias included retrospectively limiting PCLs to those with histopathology and inconsistent surveillance protocols.

Data Conclusion

A low percentage of patients with PCLs on MRI develop PDAC while on surveillance. The first MRI revealing a PCL should be scrutinized for PDAC.

Level of Evidence

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Outcomes of definitive local therapy with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy in elderly patients ≥70 years with HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Baliga Sujith , Yildiz Vedat , Barve Rahul , Farag Alexander , Bhateja Priyanka , Gogineni Emile , Mitchell Darrion , Konieczkowski David , Grecula John , Ma Sung Jun , Zhu Simeng , Liu Xuefeng , Bonomi Marcelo , Blakaj Dukagjin M.
Published: December 2023

The incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing among elderly (≥70 years) patients and the optimal treatment approach is not known. In this study, we aimed to determine disease and toxicity outcomes in an elderly HPV‐OPSCC population primarily treated with a chemoradiation (CRT) approach. We identified 70 elderly HPV‐OPSCC patients who were treated with either surgery, radiotherapy, or CRT between 2011 and 2021. Time‐to‐event analysis for overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and local control (LC) were conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariable cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio associated with covariates. The median follow‐up for our cohort was 43.9 months. Of the 70 elderly patients, 55 (78.6%) receive CRT and 15 (22.4%) received RT alone. Two patients underwent TORS resection. Of the 55 patients treated with CRT, the most common systemic agents were weekly carboplatin/taxol (n = 18), cetuximab (n = 17), and weekly cisplatin (n = 11). The 5‐year OS, PFS, and LC were 57%, 52%, and 91%, respectively. On univariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) were significant predictors of OS, while on multivariate analysis only CCI was a significant predictor of OS (p = 0.006). The rate of late peg tube dependency, osteoradionecrosis, and aspiration was 10%, 4%, and 4%, respectively. Definitive local therapy in elderly HPV‐OPSCC patients is associated with excellent LC and a low rate of late toxicities. Prospective studies are needed to further stratify subgroups of elderly patients who may benefit from aggressive definitive local therapy.
Hazelnut products traceability through combined isotope ratio mass spectrometry and multi‐elemental analysis
Authors: Sammarco Giuseppe , Rossi Mattia , Suman Michele , Cavanna Daniele , Viotto Laura , Pettenà Piero , Dall'Asta Chiara , Iacumin Paola
Published: December 2023

Background

Raw and processed hazelnut commodities are often the subject of fraudulent geographical declarations. Italian products are the main target of these illegal activities as their quality is high and certified, and the prices are bigger. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) could play a key role in origin discrimination. The present study aims to assess the provenience of Italian hazelnuts, by analysing relative isotopic ratios of carbon and oxygen.

Results

Method development is performed by evaluating samples' repeatability, reproducibility, and robustness. The results are reproducible and robust, having acceptable standard deviations. One‐way ANOVA demonstrates the significant statistical difference between Italian and non‐Italian samples. Furthermore, a data fusion approach, with inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES) and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), permitted to build multivariate statistical models to confirm the differences of geographical provenience. A design of experiment (DoE) is created to sample correctly, considering factors such as variety, processing, and peel percentage.

Conclusion

N = 96 hazelnut lots, from Italy, Turkey, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, are analysed for the geographical assessment: this strategy demonstrates promising potentialities, as food isotopic abundances reflect ground and climate‐related features, typical of precise locations.
Potential application of light emitting diodes to improve molecular, physiological, and growth responses in peppermint plant
Authors: Khazaei Mostafa , Rafiei Fariba , Sabzalian Mohammad R. , Houshmand Saadollah
Published: December 2023

Background

Climate change and growing global population are driving forces that shift the agriculture from open fields to environmentally‐controlled confined systems. In such confined systems, plants are adapted to unique light spectra to achieve maximal qualitative and quantitative yields. In the present study, effects of five light spectra on morpho‐physiological and molecular attributes of peppermint were examined. Treatments included a traditional greenhouse considered as the control, a fluorescent light, and four types of light emitting diodes (LED): red, blue, red‐blue (70:30), and white. Leaf samples were collected from plants and analyzed for volatile constituents using a headspace GC–MS. Meanwhile, changes in the expression profile of genes involved in the biosynthesis of menthol were evaluated.

Results

Our results showed that maximal yield (wet and dry biomass) was achieved under greenhouse condition and the red‐blue LED. Application of the red‐blue LED resulted in maximal production of beneficial monoterpenes, which indicate superiority to greenhouse environment. A significant change in the gene expression profile was observed among plants grown under different light treatments. The red‐blue LED was associated with a significant up‐regulation of key genes in the menthol biosynthesis (menthol dehydrogenase and pulegone reductase). This phenomenon was consistent with a higher menthol production under the same condition.

Conclusion

The application of red‐blue LED was associated with the highest level of yield and menthol production, whereas it resulted in lower concentrations of unfavorable by‐products (isomenthol, cis‐pulegone, and menthofuran). In conclusion, 70:30 red‐blue LED can be satisfactory applied to maximize growth yield and optimize favorable bioactive constituent in peppermint.
Artemisinins: Promising drug candidates for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
Authors: Gao Xu , Lin Xian , Wang Qingwen , Chen Jian
Published: December 2023

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the immune system's attack on one's own tissues which are highly diverse and diseases differ in severity, causing damage in virtually all human systems including connective tissue (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), neurological system (e.g., multiple sclerosis) and digestive system (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease). Historically, treatments normally include pain‐killing medication, anti‐inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressant drugs. However, given the above characteristics, treatment of autoimmune diseases has always been a challenge. Artemisinin is a natural sesquiterpene lactone initially extracted and separated from Chinese medicine Artemisia annua L., which has a long history of curing malaria. Artemisinin's derivatives such as artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, artemether, artemisitene, and so forth, are a family of artemisinins with antimalarial activity. Over the past decades, accumulating evidence have indicated the promising therapeutic potential of artemisinins in autoimmune diseases. Herein, we systematically summarized the research regarding the immunoregulatory properties of artemisinins including artemisinin and its derivatives, discussing their potential therapeutic viability toward major autoimmune diseases and the underlying mechanisms. This review will provide new directions for basic research and clinical translational medicine of artemisinins.
Q‐switched mode‐locked Nd:GGG laser with MoS2–SnSe2 heterojunction nanosheets
Authors: Li Mingxin , Zhou Yu , Li Shuai , Tang Shuo , Yu Shuangyuan , Zhang Wei , Yang Hang , Zhao Ling
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we used the liquid phase stripping method to manufacture MoS2–SnSe2 heterojunction saturable absorber (SA). The scanning electron microscope, the atomic force microscope, and the Raman spectrometer were used to characterize the MoS2–SnSe2 heterojunction SA. The Q‐switched mode‐locked (QSML) Nd:GGG laser with MoS2–SnSe2 heterojunction SA was presented. The maximum output power of the QSML Nd:GGG laser was 236.4 mW with a repetition rate of 83.3 MHz and pulse width of 447 ps. In short, the MoS2–SnSe2 heterojunction nanosheets present excellent saturable absorption characteristics.
Conservation and contrast in cell states of echinoderm ovaries
Authors: Oulhen Nathalie , Morita Shumpei , Pieplow Cosmo , Onorato Thomas M. , Foster Stephany , Wessel Gary
Published: December 2023

Echinoderms produce functional gametes throughout their lifespan, in some cases exceeding 200 years. The histology and ultrastructure of echinoderm ovaries has been described but how these ovaries function and maintain the production of high‐quality gametes remains a mystery. Here, we present the first single cell RNA sequencing data sets of mature ovaries from two sea urchin species (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus [Sp] and Lytechinus variegatus [Lv]), and one sea star species (Patiria miniata [Pm]). We find 14 cell states in the Sp ovary, 16 cell states in the Lv ovary and 13 cell states in the ovary of the sea star. This resource is essential to understand the structure and functional biology of the ovary in echinoderms, and better informs decisions in the utilization of in situ RNA hybridization probes selective for various cell types. We link key genes with cell clusters in validation of this approach. This resource also aids in the identification of the stem cells for prolonged and continuous gamete production, is a foundation for testing changes in the annual reproductive cycle, and is essential for understanding the evolution of reproduction of this important phylum.
How young adults with sickle cell disease define “being a good patient” in the adult healthcare system
Authors: Nwora Christle , Prince Elizabeth J. , Pugh Laura , Weaver Meaghann S. , Pecker Lydia H.
Published: December 2023

Background

Young adulthood brings new challenges for managing sickle cell disease. There are fewer adult specialists, sickle cell disease morbidities accumulate, and mortality increases. Developmental changes in roles and responsibilities also affect management. This study explores how young adults with sickle cell disease experience their role as a patient.

Methods

In this mixed‐methods study at a sickle cell center, young adult participants completed the Sickle Cell Self Efficacy Survey, the Measures of Sickle Cell Stigma, and the Adult Sickle Cell Quality of Life Measurement Short‐Forms. Semi‐structured interviews on the patient role were conducted, transcribed, and then analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Twenty‐four participants aged 19–25 years defined expectations of being a “good patient.” Five definitional themes emerged: health maintenance, emotion regulation, self‐advocacy, honest communication, and empathy for clinicians. Participants identified support from families and clinicians are important facilitators of role fulfillment.

Discussion

How young adult patients with sickle cell disease define being a “good patient” has implications for the transition of care for both pediatric and adult medicine practices. This understanding can inform healthcare system designs and programs aimed at supporting patients and families.
Implications of a local flora survey for pre‐human grass flora in north‐western Madagascar
Authors: Ramiandrisoa Botovao Auguste , Lucien Jean Jaossin , Razafitsara Rosinètte Luchat , Maharombaka Cyrille , Ranarijaona Hery Lisy Tiana , Vorontsova Maria S.
Published: December 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Madagascar's children are taught that their ancestors destroyed the vast ancient forest, giving rise to modern grasslands, a misleading myth that continues to undermine people's relationship with nature. Replacing this myth with a more nuanced and accurate narrative around grassy ecosystems is fundamental to building a more positive relationship between Madagascar's people and ecosystems, a process that is necessary to build modern conservation practice and environmental governance. The data we present are consistent with a pre‐human grass flora in the region, suggesting the local grassy ecosystems should not be written off as fully anthropogenic and undesirable but are instead in need of recognition and further research attention.

Grassy ecosystems cover over a quarter of dry land, with mosaics of old‐growth and recently formed anthropogenic systems appearing superficially similar to an uninformed observer. Grasses are part of a deep web of historic relationships between grassy ecosystems and local people.

We collect and compile the first list of grass species (Poaceae) in north‐west Madagascar in order to make an initial evidence assessment for a pre‐human grass flora. Field surveys and voucher specimen collections were carried out. Specimen identification was performed using morphological character comparison with reference specimens, literature and personal knowledge of grasses from other parts of Madagascar.

Seventy species are recorded and assigned to 44 genera. The species list is compared with regional grass checklists from central and south‐central Madagascar. Thirty‐five grasses are unique to Mahajanga, comprising 19% of the multi‐region species pool analysed; the regional species richness is comparable to that of the highlands.

The main subfamilies represented are the Panicoideae (64%) and Chloridoideae (29%). Seven species are endemic to Madagascar, reflecting their evolutionary origins on the island. Many of the species are found in multiple types of habitat and substrate, while others are restricted to limited areas and habitats, and local species richness varies significantly with habitat and soil. The main disturbance regimes driving species occurrence include fire and grazing, possibly partly reflecting similar disturbances prior to human arrival. The patterns observed in the grass flora of north‐western Madagascar are overall congruent with a pre‐human grass flora.
Decision authority and the returns to algorithms
Authors: Kim Hyunjin , Glaeser Edward L. , Hillis Andrew , Kominers Scott Duke , Luca Michael
Published: December 2023

Research Summary

We evaluate a pilot in an Inspections Department to explore the returns to a pair of algorithms that varied in their sophistication. We find that both algorithms provided substantial prediction gains, suggesting that even simple data may be helpful. However, these gains did not result in improved decisions. Inspectors often used their decision authority to override algorithmic recommendations, partly to consider other organizational objectives without improving outcomes. Interviews with 55 departments find that while some ran pilots seeking to prioritize inspections using data, all provided considerable decision authority to inspectors. These findings suggest that for algorithms to improve managerial decisions, organizations must consider both the returns to algorithms in the context and how decision authority is managed.

Managerial Summary

We evaluate a pilot in an Inspections Department to explore the returns to algorithms on decisions. We find that the greatest gains in this context come from integrating data into the decision process in the form of simple heuristics, rather than from increasing algorithmic sophistication or additional data. We also find that these improvements in prediction do not fully translate into improved decisions. Decision‐makers were less likely to follow data‐driven recommendations, partly in consideration of other organizational objectives, but without substantially improving on them overall. These findings suggest that organizations should consider the returns to technical sophistication in each context, and that the design and management of decision authority can be a key choice that impacts the value organizations can capture from using predictive analytics.
Tailoring Ionic Liquid Chemical Structure for Enhanced Interfacial Engineering in Two‐Step Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Fei , Ma Jing , Duan Dawei , Liang Xiao , Zhou Kang , Sun Yonggui , Wang Taomiao , Yang Guo , Pei Guoxian , Lin Haoran , Shi Yumeng , Zhu Quanyao , Li Gang , Hu Hanlin
Published: December 2023

Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as versatile tools for interfacial engineering in perovskite photovoltaics. Their multifaceted application targets defect mitigation at SnO2‐perovskite interfaces, finely tuning energy level alignment, and enhancing charge transport, meanwhile suppressing non‐radiative recombination. However, the diverse chemical structures of ILs present challenges in selecting suitable candidates for effective interfacial modification. This study adopted a systematic approach, manipulating IL chemical structures. Three ILs with distinct anions are introduced to modify perovskite/SnO2 interfaces to elevate the photovoltaic capabilities of perovskite devices. Specifically, ILs with different anions exhibited varied chemical interactions, leading to notable passivation effects, as confirmed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation. A detailed analysis is also conducted on the relationship between the ILs' structure and regulation of energy level arrangement, work function, perovskite crystallization, interface stress, charge transfer, and device performance. By optimizing IL chemical structures and exploiting their multifunctional interface modification properties, the champion device achieved a PCE of 24.52% with attentional long‐term stability. The study establishes a holistic link between IL structures and device performance, thereby promoting wider application of ILs in perovskite‐based technologies.
Mo2C‐Based Ceramic Electrode with High Stability and Catalytic Activity for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction at High Current Density
Authors: Huang Anding , Huang Haisen , Wang Feihong , Ke Nianwang , Tan Chuntian , Hao Luyuan , Xu Xin , Xian Yuxi , Agathopoulos Simeon
Published: December 2023

Developing robust electrodes with high catalytic performance is a key step for expanding practical HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) applications. This paper reports on novel porous Mo2C‐based ceramics with oriented finger‐like holes directly used as self‐supported HER electrodes. Due to the suitable MoO3 sintering additive, high‐strength (55 ± 6 MPa) ceramic substrates and a highly active catalytic layer are produced in one step. The in situ reaction between MoO3 and Mo2C enabled the introduction of O in the Mo2C crystal lattice and the formation of Mo2C(O)/MoO2 heterostructures. The optimal Mo2C‐based electrode displayed an overpotential of 333 and 212 mV at 70 °C under a high current intensity of 1500 mA cm−2 in 0.5 m H2SO4 and 1.0 m KOH, respectively, which are markedly better than the performance of Pt wire electrode; furthermore, its price is three orders of magnitude lower than Pt. The chronopotentiometric curves recorded in the 50 – 1500 mA cm−2 range, confirmed its excellent long‐term stability in acidic and alkaline media for more than 260 h. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the Mo2C(O)/MoO2 heterostructures has an optimum electronic structure with appropriate *H adsorption‐free energy in an acidic medium and minimum water dissociation energy barrier in an alkaline medium.
Polymerization Based on Modified β‐Cyclodextrin Achieves Efficient Phosphorescence Energy Transfer for Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Cheng Qingwen , Ma Xin‐Kun , Zhou Xiaolu , Zhang Ying‐Ming , Liu Yu
Published: December 2023

Supramolecular polymerization can not only activate guest phosphorescence, but also promote phosphorescence Förster resonance energy transfer and induce effective delayed fluorescence. Herein, the solid supramolecular assemblies of ternary copolymers based on acrylamide, modified β‐cyclodextrin (CD), and carbazole (CZ) are reported. After doping with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and dyes, a NIR luminescence supramolecular composite with a lifetime of 1.07 s, an energy transfer efficiency of up to 97.4% is achieved through tandem phosphorescence energy transfer. The ternary copolymers can realize macrocyclic enrichment of dyes in comparison to CZ and acrylamide copolymers without CD, which can facilitate energy transfer between triplet and singlet with a high donor–acceptor ratio. Additionally, the flexible polymeric films exhibit regulable lifetime, tunable luminescence color, and repeatable switchable afterglow by adjusting the excitation wavelength, donor–acceptor ratio, and wet/dry stimuli. The luminescence materials are successfully applied to information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting.
An Overview of Metal‐Organic Framework Based Electrocatalysts: Design and Synthesis for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution, Oxygen Evolution, and Carbon Dioxide Reduction Reactions
Authors: Iniyan S. , Ren Juanna , Deshmukh Swapnil , Rajeswaran K. , Jegan G. , Hou Hua , Suryanarayanan Vembu , Murugadoss Vignesh , Kathiresan Murugavel , Xu Ben Bin , Guo Zhanhu
Published: December 2023

Due to the increasing global energy demands, scarce fossil fuel supplies, and environmental issues, the pursued goals of energy technologies are being sustainable, more efficient, accessible, and produce near zero greenhouse gas emissions. Electrochemical water splitting is considered as a highly viable and eco‐friendly energy technology. Further, electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a cleaner strategy for CO2 utilization and conversion to stable energy (fuels). One of the critical issues in these cleaner technologies is the development of efficient and economical electrocatalyst. Among various materials, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are becoming increasingly popular because of their structural tunability, such as pre‐ and post‐ synthetic modifications, flexibility in ligand design and its functional groups, and incorporation of different metal nodes, that allows for the design of suitable MOFs with desired quality required for each process. In this review, the design of MOF was discussed for specific process together with different synthetic methods and their effects on the MOF properties. The MOFs as electrocatalysts were highlighted with their performances from the aspects of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and electrochemical CO2RR. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed.
Differentially methylated genes involved in reproduction and ploidy levels in recent diploidized and tetraploidized Eragrostis curvula genotypes
Authors: Carballo J. , Achilli A. , Hernández F. , Bocchini M. , Pasten M. C. , Marconi G. , Albertini E. , Zappacosta D. , Echenique V.
Published: December 2023

Epigenetics studies changes in gene activity without changes in the DNA sequence. Methylation is an epigenetic mechanism important in many pathways, such as biotic and abiotic stresses, cell division, and reproduction. Eragrostis curvula is a grass species reproducing by apomixis, a clonal reproduction by seeds. This work employed the MCSeEd technique to identify deferentially methylated positions, regions, and genes in the CG, CHG, and CHH contexts in E. curvula genotypes with similar genomic backgrounds but with different reproductive modes and ploidy levels. In this way, we focused the analysis on the cvs. Tanganyika INTA (4x, apomictic), Victoria (2x, sexual), and Bahiense (4x, apomictic). Victoria was obtained from the diploidization of Tanganyika INTA, while Bahiense was produced from the tetraploidization of Victoria. This study showed that polyploid/apomictic genotypes had more differentially methylated positions and regions than the diploid sexual ones. Interestingly, it was possible to observe fewer differentially methylated positions and regions in CG than in the other contexts, meaning CG methylation is conserved across the genotypes regardless of the ploidy level and reproductive mode. In the comparisons between sexual and apomictic genotypes, we identified differentially methylated genes involved in the reproductive pathways, specifically in meiosis, cell division, and fertilization. Another interesting observation was that several differentially methylated genes between the diploid and the original tetraploid genotype recovered their methylation status after tetraploidization, suggesting that methylation is an important mechanism involved in reproduction and ploidy changes.
eHealth interventions to support colorectal cancer patients’ self-management after discharge from surgery—an integrative literature review
Authors: Husebø Anne Lunde Marie , Søreide Jon Arne , Kørner Hartwig , Storm Marianne , Wathne Hege Bjøkne , Richardson Alison , Morken Ingvild Margreta , Urstad Kristin Hjorthaug , Nordfonn Oda Karin , Karlsen Bjørg
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Colorectal cancer (CRC) creates elevated self-management demands and unmet support needs post-discharge. Follow-up care through eHealth post-primary surgery may be an effective means of supporting patients’ needs. This integrative review describes the evidence regarding eHealth interventions post-hospital discharge focusing on delivery mode, user-interface and content, patient intervention adherence, impact on patient-reported outcomes and experiences of eHealth.

Methods

A university librarian performed literature searches in 2021 using four databases. After screening 1149 records, the authors read 30 full-text papers and included and extracted data from 26 papers. Two authors analysed the extracted data using the ‘framework synthesis approach’.

Results

The 26 papers were published between 2012 and 2022. The eHealth interventions were mainly delivered by telephone with the assistance of healthcare professionals, combined with text messages or video conferencing. The user interfaces included websites, applications and physical activity (PA) trackers. The interventions comprised the monitoring of symptoms or health behaviours, patient information, education and counselling. Evidence showed a better psychological state and improved PA. Patients reported high satisfaction with eHealth. However, patient adherence was inadequately reported.

Conclusions

eHealth interventions may positively impact CRC patients’ anxiety and PA regardless of the user interface. Patients prefer technology combined with a human element.
Re-imagining metastatic breast cancer care delivery: a patient-partnered qualitative study
Authors: Roberson Mya L. , Henricks Anna , Woods Joshua , Glenn Lesley , Maues Julia , James Deltra , Reid Sonya
Published: December 2023

Purpose

While significant progress in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treatment has prolonged survival and improved prognosis, there remain substantial gaps in providing patient-centered supportive care. The specific care delivery needs for metastatic cancer differ from that of early-stage cancer due to the incurable nature and lifelong duration of the condition. The objective of this study was to assess how patients living with MBC would re-imagine cancer care delivery.

Methods

This qualitative study was conducted in partnership with patient-led organizations Guiding Researchers and Advocates to Scientific Partnerships (GRASP) and Project Life, a nonprofit, online wellness community founded by patients with MBC for patients living with MBC. Virtual semi-structured interviews (n = 36) were conducted with Project Life members purposively sampled from the groups’ overall membership. The interview guide contained items surrounding patients’ lived experiences of MBC, greatest unmet needs related to care, and perspectives on virtual wellness community involvement. Interviews were coded using two-stage deductive and inductive analysis.

Results

Three major themes for re-imagining cancer care delivery were identified, including holistic care, information needs, and conceptual shifts. Within these several subthemes emerged with patients re-imagining referrals to non-oncological services, caregiver support, acceptance of integrative medicine, streamlined clinical trial enrollment, curated quality patient resources, MBC-specific terminology and approaches, long-term life and goal-of-care planning, and patient-centered voice throughout.

Conclusion

People living with metastatic cancers have specific supportive care needs. These findings highlight patient-driven areas for re-imagination that are most salient for individuals with MBC.
Exploratory and seasonal movements of adult common shelducks in the eastern Wadden Sea
Authors: Cimiotti Dagmar S. , Hötker Hermann , Garthe Stefan
Published: December 2023

Habitat conditions surrounding individual birds are key components determining their fitness, notably by influencing effective foraging, escape from predators, and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Birds living in dynamic habitats are particularly likely to have a high need to explore; however, spatial and temporal patterns of exploratory movements are poorly understood. We investigated the exploratory movements of adult common shelducks (hereafter Shelducks, Tadorna tadorna) in the Wadden Sea, which provides a dynamic habitat for birds. We captured nine shelducks in adjacent breeding areas and attached GPS satellite telemetry devices for 5–18 months, mostly covering the post-breeding period. We analyzed bird-movement patterns based on mean daily locations and behavioral change point analysis. All individuals explored on a median of 22% of tracking days (range = 6–39%). Individuals usually explored new areas for a short time before switching to stay in these areas for longer periods. Exploratory movements were particularly frequent before the start of the flightless period during molting. During this time, shelducks explored the traditional molting area in the Elbe estuary intensively. However, birds did not explore places within the area subsequently used for molting for longer or more often than other places. The molting area was used for a median of 59 days, i.e., about twice as long as required for the flightless period, suggesting that this area was explored not only to select a suitable molting place, but also for other purposes. Only two shelducks performed longer-distance exploration movements, i.e., > 45 km from their sedentary areas. We therefore concluded that exploratory movements by adult shelducks may enable the birds to adapt to small-scale changes in habitat conditions.
Description of box trapping, immobilisation, anaesthesia monitoring and blood chemistry and serology in free-ranging European wildcats (Felis silvestris) in Southwest Germany
Authors: Fischer Dominik , Fischer Luisa , Leonhardt Ines , Dietz Markus , Götz Malte , Lierz Michael , Simon Olaf , Lang Johannes
Published: December 2023

Specific questions in wildlife research and surveillance require safe and efficient capture, handling and anaesthesia protocols to enable sampling and transmitter placement in free-ranging individuals. For wild felids, various protocols are available, but detailed reports for European wildcats (Felis silvestris) are scarce. In particular, tools for anaesthesia monitoring under field conditions and reference values for heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature are missing. In the present study, European wildcats were caught in box traps before being released into catch bags for manual restraint. Inside the bags, ketamine-xylazine anaesthesia was applied via intramuscular injection, adjusted to the animal’s body weight. During anaesthesia, samples were taken, and vital variables were monitored continuously. Haematology and blood chemistry parameters were obtained, along with serological markers for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline coronavirus and antigens of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). In total, 29 wildcats were captured, of which 21 were examined and marked with passive integrated transponders. Twelve wildcats were collared with GPS transmitters. Handling time under anaesthesia averaged 30 min (range 26–35 min). Heart rate ranged between 76 and 170 beats/min and respiratory rate between 20 and 52 breaths/min. Relative arterial oxygen saturation stayed mainly between 93 and 99%, and rectal temperature ranged between 36.2 and 40.2 °C. Further, FeLV antibodies were detected in 2/21 samples. The applied protocol facilitated safe and sufficient examination, sampling and transmitter placement, as well as the establishment of haematological and blood chemical values in free-ranging European wildcats for the first time.
Influence of Atmosphere on Carbonaceous Film Formation in Rubbing, Metallic Contacts
Authors: Zhang Jie , Bolle Bastien , Wong Janet S. S. , Spikes Hugh A.
Published: December 2023

Many previous researchers have reported the formation of carbonaceous tribofilms from organic lubricants on rubbing metallic surfaces. This paper shows that a very important factor in the formation of such tribofilms is the presence or absence of molecular oxygen. When steel surfaces are rubbed in saturated hydrocarbon lubricants in the absence of oxygen, for example in nitrogen or hydrogen gas, carbonaceous films form very readily, resulting in low friction and wear. However, when a significant amount of oxygen is present, as is the case in air, carbonaceous tribofilms are not generally formed, so friction and wear are very high, with values comparable to those seen when no lubricant is present. In situ Raman analysis combined with gas-switching experiments show that the carbonaceous films formed during rubbing when no oxygen is present are rapidly removed during rubbing in air, while tests in which lubricant is removed during a test in N2 indicate that the films are quite weak. This suggests that these carbonaceous films are being continually removed and replenished during rubbing in oxygen-free conditions. It is proposed that these carbonaceous films are formed from hydrocarbyl free radicals that are generated mechanochemically from hydrocarbon molecules during rubbing. In the absence of oxygen, these free radicals then react together to form a carbonaceous film. However, when oxygen is present, the hydrocarbyl free radicals react extremely rapidly with oxygen molecules to produce hydroperoxyl free radicals and so are no longer available to generate a carbonaceous tribofilm.

Graphical abstract