bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vida digital
Authors: Varsori Enrickson , Pereira Sara
Published: December 2020

A adesão às tecnologias é cada vez mais perceptível no quotidiano. De acordo com o Global Report 2020, o índice de penetração da Internet já ultrapassa os 60% ao redor do globo, e as médias de consumo de Internet já excedem às 6 horas diárias (KEMP, 2020). Tal aumento do consumo digital afeta diretamente as diversas atividades que compõem o dia a dia, principalmente no que refere às camadas juvenis, que passam mais tempo em frente aos ecrãs (KEMP, 2020). A literatura disponibilizada sobre as faixas geracionais mais novas revela que o acesso às diferentes tecnologias de hiperconexão influenciam de forma permanente o desenvolvimento saudável, nomeadamente pelo facto de a exposição ser continua e multissensorial (BLUM-ROSS; LIVINGSTONE, 2018; BUCKINGHAM, 2015), além das questões sobre identidade e saúde mental (CAROLUS et al., 2018; MATIN et al., 2017; PAULUS et al., 2019). A partir do levantamento de pesquisas científicas recentes, caracterizou-se as relações dos jovens (dos 4-25 anos) e o uso prolixo das tecnologias. Através da Revisão Sistemática da Literatura foram pré-selecionados 188 artigos científicos através da Plataforma SCOPUS, no período temporal entre 2007 a 2020. Neste sentido, foram examinados os métodos aplicados, as variáveis do estudo, tipo de amostra, país do estudo e resultados obtidos. Tal análise destaca os contributos científicos partilhados nos últimos treze anos, fornecendo pistas sobre o que foi efetivamente estudado e quais os caminhos que seguem na temática das sociabilidades juvenis e uso das tecnologias.
Financial loss of medical clinics resulted from the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea
Authors: Park Jeong Hun , Lee Jung Chan , Kim Kye Hyun
Published: December 2020

As the world is facing an infectious disease pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), medical institutions are experiencing significant financial losses. we attempted to estimate such financial losses through a survey of clinics that reported temporary closure due to COVID-19 to the Korean Medical Association. As a result, the data of 56 clinics were obtained. The average closure period was 6.7 days, and the overall number of related health insurance claims and loss of sales reached 13,408,000 Korean won (KRW) and 20,911,000 KRW, respectively, while daily losses reached 1,343,000 and 2,202,000 KRW, respectively. In addition, the monthly average health insurance claims and sales were compared to those of the same month of the previous year. In January, they slightly increased by 4.4% and 7.8%, respectively, whereas in February, they slightly decreased by 10.2% and 12.4%, respectively. In March, they significantly decreased by 46.8% and 49.8%, respectively, as COVID-19 was at its peak. Considering the financial losses of clinics that played a pivotal role in quarantine at the forefront of infectious diseases, the government should prepare a reasonable compensation plan for such losses.
EFFECT OF THE MAIN CYTOKININS ON ANDROGENESIS OF WHITE CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. var. CAPITATA) ANTHERS CULTIVATED “IN VITRO”
Authors: Cristea Tina Oana , Iosob Alin Gabriel , Brezeanu Creola , Brezeanu Petre Marian , Avasiloaiei Dan , Bute Alexandru
Published: December 2020

The aim of the present research work was the screening of the effect of the main cytokinin (BAP, kinetin or zeatin) in different concentrations and combinations with the auxin NAA on androgenesis of white cabbage anthers cultivated in vitro. The results obtained are regarded as an intermediary stage for the development of a reproducible protocol for in vitro regeneration of plant from anther culture. Thus, for the determination of the influence of plant growth regulators formula over the callus induction and plant regeneration from anthers cultivated in vitro in the present study the authors undergo a screening of the three most frequently utilized cytokinins (BAP, kinetin and zeatin) in different concentration and combination with the auxin NAA. The results obtained, indicated that the best morphogenetic reaction is obtained on variant with BAP as the main growth regulator.
GRAPE POMANCE GENERATION FROM GRAPE CULTIVARS CULTIVATED IN TÂRNAVE VINEYARDS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Tomoiagă Liliana Lucia , Iliescu Maria Lucia , Răcoare Horia Silviu , Botea Vlad , Sîrbu Alexandra Doina , Puşcă Gabriel , Chedea Veronica Sanda
Published: December 2020

Grape pomace is a by-product obtained from the technological processing of grapes
and represents on average 20% of the total amount of grapes taken for winemaking.
Due to the medical, food and cosmetic interest in the valorisation of grape pomace,
the present study presents the percentage of pomace resulting, the yield of must and
the sugar content of must obtained for 25 grapevine cultivars, hybrids and clones for
white and red wines, cultivated in the SCDVV Blaj vineyards from Blaj, Crăciunelu de
Jos and Ciumbrud. In the climatic conditions of the year 2020 with heavy rains in June
and cold nights in September, the highest amounts of GP are obtained from the white
cultivar Hibernal (GP yield33.43% and sugar concentration in must 205 g/L) and
from the white cultivar Pinot gris 18-5 (GP yield34.09% and sugar concentration in
must 210 g/L). The lowest percentage of GP was obtained in the case of Pinot gris 34
Bl clone, (GP yield18.09% and sugar concentration in must 236 g/L). Our data show
that the harvesting time and the terroir influence the GP yield.
SELECTION OF AUTOCHThONOUS sACCHAROMYCES AND NON-sACCHAROMYCES YEASTS STRAINS ACCORDING TO THEIR EXTRACELLULAR ENZIMATIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Brȋnduşe Elena , Ion Marian , Nedelcu Cǎtǎlina Loredana , Fȋciu Lidia , Pantazi Adrian
Published: December 2020

The aim of the present study was to investigate the production of extracellular
enzymes in a number of twenty six autochtonous Saccharomyces and nonSaccharomyces strains selected in Dealu Mare region for wine production. The strains were screened for the production of extracellular b-glucosidase, esterase, pectinase and protease activity by inoculation the yeast strains onto selective media. All Saccharomyces tested strains showed at least two enzymatic activities while nonSaccharomyces strains showed activity at least for one enzyme. The weakest activity was recorded in case of β-glucosidase. Most of the tested strains exhibit more or less intense activity for polygalacturonase/pectinase and protease. This study put into evidence the potential of autochtonous and especially of non-Saccharomyces strains as source of production of secondary compounds which can play an important role in improving the quality of wines.
Ocupación del Oso Andino Tremarctos ornatus en el Área de Conservación Regional Choquequirao, Cusco
Authors: Huaypar Loayza Karl H. , Marquez Robert , Jara Moscoso Norma
Published: December 2020

El conocimiento de espacios de hábitat del oso andino dentro del Área de Conservación Regional (ACR) Choquequirao, son indispensables para un manejo sostenible. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo estudiar la ocupación de oso andino en el ACR Choquequirao, mediante modelos de ocupación para determinar el hábitat potencial de oso andino y las presiones 2 que afectan al hábitat de la especie. Para este fin se realizaron 18 cuadrantes de 16km , se procesó la información SIG e imágenes satelitales, para determinar el hábitat potencial de oso andino, de acuerdo a la cobertura vegetal del ACR. Los resultados indican que el 66% del área es su hábitat potencial. Sin embargo, esta área está siendo fragmentada por acciones antrópicas (poblaciones aledañas y carreteras). La presión que afecta en mayor medida al hábitat del oso andino dentro del ACR, es la presencia de ganado en un 40% del ACR Choquequirao, y se superpone en un 59% al área ocupada por el oso andino, conllevando esto a un posible conflicto oso-hombre. El Área de Conservación Regional Choquequirao, cuenta con un gran porcentaje de hábitats potenciales para el oso andino Sin embargo, está siendo amenazada por factores antrópicos.
Bias in CMIP6 models as compared to observed regional dimming and brightening
Authors: Moseid Kine Onsum , Schulz Michael , Storelvmo Trude , Julsrud Ingeborg Rian , Olivié Dirk , Nabat Pierre , Wild Martin , Cole Jason N. S. , Takemura Toshihiko , Oshima Naga , Bauer Susanne E. , Gastineau Guillaume
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Anthropogenic aerosol emissions have increased considerably over the last century, but climate effects and quantification of the emissions are highly uncertain as one goes back in time.
This uncertainty is partly due to a lack of observations in the pre-satellite era, making the observations we do have before 1990 additionally valuable.
Aerosols suspended in the atmosphere scatter and absorb incoming solar radiation and thereby alter the Earth's surface energy balance. Previous studies show that Earth system models (ESMs) do not adequately represent surface energy fluxes over the historical era.
We investigated global and regional aerosol effects over the time period 1961–2014 by looking at surface downwelling shortwave radiation (SDSR).
We used observations from ground stations as well as multiple experiments from eight ESMs participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Version 6 (CMIP6).
Our results show that this subset of models reproduces the observed transient SDSR well in Europe but poorly in China. We suggest that this may be attributed to missing emissions of sulfur dioxide in China, sulfur dioxide being a precursor to sulfate, which is a highly reflective aerosol and responsible for more reflective clouds.
The emissions of sulfur dioxide used in the models do not show a temporal pattern that could explain observed SDSR evolution over China.
The results from various aerosol emission perturbation experiments from DAMIP, RFMIP and AerChemMIP show that only simulations containing anthropogenic aerosol emissions show dimming, even if the dimming is underestimated.
Simulated clear-sky and all-sky SDSR do not differ greatly, suggesting that cloud cover changes are not a dominant cause of the biased SDSR evolution in the simulations. Therefore we suggest that the discrepancy between modeled and observed SDSR evolution is partly caused by erroneous aerosol and aerosol precursor emission inventories. This is an important finding as it may help interpret whether ESMs reproduce the historical climate evolution for the right or wrong reason.
On the estimation of boundary layer heights: A machine learning
approach
Authors: Krishnamurthy Raghavendra , Newsom Rob K. , Berg Larry K. , Xiao Heng , Ma Po-Lun , Turner David D.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The planetary boundary-layer height (zi) is a key parameter used in atmospheric models for estimating the exchange of heat, momentum and moisture between the surface and the free troposphere. Near-surface atmospheric and subsurface properties (such as soil temperature, relative humidity etc.) are known to have an impact on zi. Nevertheless, precise relationships between these surface properties and zi are less well known and not easily discernable from the long-term data. Machine learning approaches, such as Random Forest, which use a multi-regression framework, help to decipher some of the physical processes linking surface-based characteristics to zi. In this study, a multi-year dataset from 2016 to 2019 at the Southern Great Plains site is used to develop and test a machine learning framework for estimating zi. Parameters derived from Doppler lidars are used in combination with over 20 different surface meteorological measurements as inputs to a RF model. The model is trained using radiosonde-derived zi values spanning the period from 2016 through 2018, and then evaluated using data from 2019. Results from 2019 showed significantly better agreement with the radiosonde compared to estimates derived from a thresholding technique using Doppler lidars. Noteworthy improvements in daytime zi estimates was observed using the RF model, where a 50 % improvement in mean absolute error compared to lidar-only zi estimates and provided an R2 of greater than 85 %. We also explore the effect of zi uncertainty on convective velocity scaling and present preliminary comparisons between the RF model and zi estimates derived from atmospheric models.
EMDNA: Ensemble Meteorological Dataset for North America
Authors: Tang Guoqiang , Clark Martyn P. , Papalexiou Simon Michael , Newman Andrew J. , Wood Andrew W. , Brunet Dominique , Whitfield Paul H.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Probabilistic methods are very useful to estimate the spatial variability in meteorological conditions (e.g., spatial patterns of precipitation and temperature across large domains). In ensemble probabilistic methods, equally plausible ensemble members are used to approximate the probability distribution, hence uncertainty, of a spatially distributed meteorological variable conditioned on the available information. The ensemble can be used to evaluate the impact of the uncertainties in a myriad of applications. This study develops the Ensemble Meteorological Dataset for North America (EMDNA). EMDNA has 100 members with daily precipitation amount, mean daily temperature, and daily temperature range at 0.1° spatial resolution from 1979 to 2018, derived from a fusion of station observations and reanalysis model outputs. The station data used in EMDNA are from a serially complete dataset for North America (SCDNA) that fills gaps in precipitation and temperature measurements using multiple strategies. Outputs from three reanalysis products are regridded, corrected, and merged using the Bayesian Model Averaging. Optimal Interpolation (OI) is used to merge station- and reanalysis-based estimates. EMDNA estimates are generated based on OI estimates and spatiotemporally correlated random fields. Evaluation results show that (1) the merged reanalysis estimates outperform raw reanalysis estimates, particularly in high latitudes and mountainous regions; (2) the OI estimates are more accurate than the reanalysis and station-based regression estimates, with the most notable improvement for precipitation occurring in sparsely gauged regions; and (3) EMDNA estimates exhibit good performance according to the diagrams and metrics used for probabilistic evaluation. We also discuss the limitations of the current framework and highlight that persistent efforts are needed to further develop probabilistic methods and ensemble datasets. Overall, EMDNA is expected to be useful for hydrological and meteorological applications in North America. The whole dataset and a teaser dataset (a small subset of EMDNA for easy download and preview) are available at https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0275 (Tang et al., 2020a).
Improvements in one-dimensional grounding-line parameterizations in an ice-sheet model with lateral variations (PSUICE3D v2.1)
Authors: Pollard David , DeConto Robert M.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The use of a boundary-layer parameterization of
buttressing and ice flux across grounding lines in a two-dimensional
ice-sheet model is improved by allowing general orientations of the
grounding line. This and another modification to the model's grounding-line
parameterization are assessed in three settings: rectangular fjord-like
domains – the third Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project (MISMIP+) and Marine Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for plan view models (MISMIP3d) – and future simulations of West Antarctic
ice retreat under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)8.5-based climates. The new modifications are found to
have significant effects on the fjord-like results, which are now within the
envelopes of other models in the MISMIP+ and MISMIP3d intercomparisons. In
contrast, the modifications have little effect on West Antarctic retreat,
presumably because dynamics in the wider major Antarctic basins are
adequately represented by the model's previous simpler one-dimensional
formulation. As future grounding lines retreat across very deep bedrock
topography in the West Antarctic simulations, buttressing is weak and
deviatoric stress measures exceed the ice yield stress, implying that
structural failure at these grounding lines would occur. We suggest that
these grounding-line quantities should be examined in similar projections by
other ice models to better assess the potential for future structural
failure.
The potential of Smartstone probes in landslide experiments: how to read motion data
Authors: Dost J. Bastian , Gronz Oliver , Casper Markus C. , Krein Andreas
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Laboratory landslide experiments enable the observation of specific properties of these natural hazards. However, these observations are limited by traditional techniques: frequently used high-speed video analysis and wired sensors (e.g. displacement). These techniques lead to the drawback that either only the surface and 2D profiles can be observed or wires confine the motion behaviour. In contrast, an unconfined observation of the total spatiotemporal dynamics of landslides is needed for an adequate understanding of these natural hazards. The present study introduces an autonomous and wireless probe to characterize motion features of single clasts within laboratory-scale landslides. The Smartstone probe is based on an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and records acceleration and rotation at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. The recording ranges are ±16 g (accelerometer) and ±2000∘ s−1 (gyroscope). The plastic tube housing is 55 mm long with a diameter of 10 mm. The probe is controlled, and data are read out via active radio frequency identification (active RFID) technology. Due to this technique, the probe works under low-power conditions, enabling the use of small button cell batteries and minimizing its size. Using the Smartstone probe, the motion of single clasts (gravel size, median particle diameter d50 of 42 mm) within approx. 520 kg of a uniformly graded pebble material was observed in a laboratory experiment. Single pebbles were equipped with probes and placed embedded and superficially in or on the material. In a first analysis step, the data of one pebble are interpreted qualitatively, allowing for the determination of different transport modes, such as translation, rotation and saltation. In a second step, the motion is quantified by means of derived movement characteristics: the analysed pebble moves mainly in the vertical direction during the first motion phase with a maximal vertical velocity of approx. 1.7 m s−1. A strong acceleration peak of approx. 36 m s−2 is interpreted as a pronounced hit and leads to a complex rotational-motion pattern. In a third step, displacement is derived and amounts to approx. 1.0 m in the vertical direction. The deviation compared to laser distance measurements was approx. −10 %. Furthermore, a full 3D spatiotemporal trajectory of the pebble is reconstructed and visualized supporting the interpretations. Finally, it is demonstrated that multiple pebbles can be analysed simultaneously within one experiment. Compared to other observation methods Smartstone probes allow for the quantification of internal movement characteristics and, consequently, a motion sampling in landslide experiments.
In situ hydromechanical responses during well drilling recorded by fiber-optic distributed strain sensing
Authors: Zhang Yi , Lei Xinglin , Hashimoto Tsutomu , Xue Ziqiu
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Drilling fluid infiltration during well drilling may induce pore pressure and
strain perturbations in neighbored reservoir formations. In this study, we
report that such small strain changes (∼20 µε) have
been in situ monitored using fiber-optic distributed strain sensing (DSS) in
two observation wells with different distances (approximately 3 and
9 m) from the new drilled wellbore in a shallow water aquifer. The
results show the layered pattern of the drilling-induced hydromechanical
deformation. The pattern could be indicative of (1) fluid pressure
diffusion through each zone with distinct permeabilities or (2) the
heterogeneous formation damage caused by the mud filter cakes during the
drilling. A coupled hydromechanical model is used to interpret the two
possibilities. The DSS method could be deployed in similar applications such
as geophysical well testing with fluid injection (or extraction) and in
studying reservoir fluid flow behavior with hydromechanical responses. The
DSS method would be useful for understanding reservoir pressure communication,
determining the zones for fluid productions or injection (e.g., for
CO2 storage), and optimizing reservoir management and utilization.
Spatio-temporal flow variations driving heat exchange processes at a mountain glacier
Authors: Mott Rebecca , Stiperski Ivana , Nicholson Lindsey
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Multi-scale interactions between the glacier surface, the
overlying atmosphere, and the surrounding alpine terrain are highly complex
and force temporally and spatially variable local glacier energy fluxes and
melt rates. A comprehensive measurement campaign (Hintereisferner
Experiment, HEFEX) was conducted during August 2018 with the aim to
investigate spatial and temporal dynamics of the near-surface boundary layer
and associated heat exchange processes close to the glacier surface during
the melting season. The experimental set-up of five meteorological stations
was designed to capture the spatial and temporal characteristics of the
local wind system on the glacier and to quantify the contribution of
horizontal heat advection from surrounding ice-free areas to the local
energy flux variability at the glacier. Turbulence data suggest that
temporal changes in the local wind system strongly affect the
micrometeorology at the glacier surface. Persistent low-level katabatic
flows during both night and daytime cause consistently low near-surface air
temperatures with only small spatial variability. However, strong changes in
the local thermodynamic characteristics occur when westerly flows disturbed
this prevailing katabatic flow, forming across-glacier flows and
facilitating warm-air advection from the surrounding ice-free areas. Such
heat advection significantly increased near-surface air temperatures at the
glacier, resulting in strong horizontal temperature gradients from the
peripheral zones towards the centre line of the glacier. Despite generally
lower near-surface wind speeds during across-glacier flow, peak horizontal
heat advection from the peripheral zones towards the centre line and strong
transport of turbulence from higher atmospheric layers downward resulted in
enhanced turbulent heat exchange towards the glacier surface at the glacier
centre line. Thus, at the centre line of the glacier, exposure to strong
larger-scale westerly winds promoted heat exchange processes, potentially
contributing to ice melt, while at the peripheral zones of the glacier,
stronger sheltering from larger-scale flows allowed the preservation of a
katabatic jet, which suppressed the efficiency of the across-glacier flow to
drive heat exchange towards the glacier surface by decoupling low-level
atmospheric layers from the flow aloft. A fuller explanation of the origin
and structure of the across-glacier flow would require large-eddy
simulations.
Problemas medioambientales de la minería aurífera ilegal en Madre de Dios (Perú)
Authors: Velásquez Zapata Guadalupe Yahia
Published: December 2020

El Perú, es un país minero, exportando a nivel internacional muchos minerales como el oro, plata, cobre, etc. Las leyes que existen en el Perú, permiten que la actividad minera se pueda ejercer de manera legal en el país. Aunque lastimosamente, los trámites son muy engorrosos que desanima e incentiva a muchos a convertir lo legal a ilegal. Y quien se ve afectada lastimosamente, es la Amazonía peruana. La minería ilegal aurífera en el Departamento de Madre de Dios – Perú, ha afectado incluso a las áreas naturales protegidas en el Departamento de Madre de Dios. Además de otros problemas medioambientales que genera; como la destrucción de bosques, alteración del cauce delos ríos, contaminación por mercurio, destrucción dela vegetación ribereña y alterando el paisaje.
Prevalence and predictors of frailty in a high-income developing country: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ahmed Amjad M. , Ahmed Dalia , Alfaris Mousa , Holmes Amanda , Aljizeeri Ahmed , Al-Mallah Mouaz H.
Published: December 2020

Background: Frailty is a state of vulnerability and a decreased physiological response to stressors. As the population ages, the prevalence of frailty is expected to increase. Thus, identifying tools and resources that efficiently predict frailty among the Saudi population is important. We aimed to describe the prevalence and predictors of frailty among Saudi patients referred for cardiac stress testing with nuclear imaging. Methods: We included 876 patients (mean age 60.3 ± 11 years, women 48%) who underwent clinically indicated cardiac nuclear stress testing between January and October 2016. Fried Clinical Frailty Scale was used to assess frailty. Patients were considered frail if they had a score of four or higher. Multivariate adjusted logistic regression models were used to determine the independent predictors of elderly frail patients. Results: In this cohort, the median age of the included patients was 61 years, and the prevalence of frailty was 40%. The frail patients were older, more frequently women, and had a higher body mass index. Additionally, frailty was associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension (85% vs. 70%) and diabetes (75% vs. 60%). In a fully adjusted logistic regression model, women, hypertension, and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were independent predictors of elderly frail patients. Conclusions: With the aging of the Saudi population, frailty prevalence is expected to increase. Elderly, obesity, hypertension, and female gender are risk factors of frailty. Interventions to reduce frailty should be focused on this high-risk population.
SMALL ENGINE-GENERATOR SET OPERATING ON DUAL-FUEL MODE WITH ETHANOL – CASTOR OIL BLENDS
Authors: Turmina R. , Altafini C. R. , Costa C. A. , Telli G. D. , Rosa J. S.
Published: December 2020

The increase in greenhouse gas emissions and our dependence on fossil fuels have motivated researchers to seek the use of renewable fuels in internal combustion engines, which can be produced locally and have clean combustion. The blending method in diesel engines has been recognized as an effective alternative to partially or totally replace the use of diesel fuel. In this regard, this paper studied the operation of a small engine-generator set in mono-fuel mode (diesel fuel - DO) and in dual-fuel mode using hydrous ethanol (HET) and castor oil (OM) blends, indicating a total replacement of diesel fuel. Efficiency, power, specific fuel consumption and gaseous emissions were assessed in a single cylinder diesel cycle engine. The percentages in volume of the HET-OM samples were: 75% - 25%, 70% - 30%, 60% - 40%, and 50% - 50%. The exhaust gas temperature decreased with the mixtures. Carbon monoxide emission decreased 57%, carbon dioxide decreased 9.8%, and nitrogen oxides reduced 19%. It was also observed that the percentage of smoke opacity tends to decrease close to zero with addition of ethanol. Hydrocarbon emissions increased with rising of the OM concentration and the same for the specific fuel consumptions, which was 25.4% higher than diesel fuel. The best fuel conversion efficiency was achieved with the blend HET75-OM25, being 9% higher compared to diesel fuel operation. Power on diesel fuel operation showed a better result keeping stable, with the increase of the compression ratio and the delay of the start of injection. In general, the results confirmed that the performance is comparable to that of diesel fuel, indicating that renewable fuels appear as an alternative for the reduction of the environmental impacts and the reduction of fossil fuels consumption.
WILSON PLOT METHOD TO OBTAIN NUSSELT NUMBER FOR A PLATE HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: Ferreira D. Dos S. , Mantelli M. , Milanese F.
Published: December 2020

Plate heat exchangers are devices commonly used in industry due to their high efficiency and ease cleaning. Although its first use was in food sector, nowadays this equipment can be found in most industrial segments, like chemistry and oil industry. Due the facility of fabrication, the corrugated gasket plate heat exchanger is amply utilized in those segments, however, its mathematical analysis present non-agreement between the authors, because of the different plate models and operation settings. Thus, the main objective of this work is to study the application of the Wilson-Plot method to analyze the thermal behavior of an elemental plate heat exchanger, and verify if the operation temperature has significant influence in the thermal behavior of the plate heat exchanger.
INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT ASSEMBLIES ON PRE-HEATING THE HSLA SAR 80T STEEL ON COATED ELECTRODE WELDING
Authors: Bastos J. S. , Ferreira C. A. M. , Souza M. C.L. , Dias J. S. , Tapanes N. C. O.
Published: December 2020

The present work evaluated the influence of assemblies other than preheating in the welding process obtained by coated electrode, using high strength and low alloy steel SAR 80T as the base metal and the AWS E7018 electrode as the addition metal. In order to prevent cracks, preheating and interpassing for low alloy steel was performed. Depending on the way the preheating equipment is installed, it may take more or less time to reach the preheat temperature. Different assembly arrangements for top joints were evaluated, aiming at cost reduction, in addition to evaluations of the mechanical properties of the joint. Visual testing, ultrasound, micrography, macrography and cross-sectional traction were performed. The results obtained were considered acceptable and showed that there was an influence on time, cost of preheating and resistance to impact.
HEAT TRANSFER INVESTIGATION FOR A MULTILAYER INSULATION SYSTEM VIA RADIATIVE-CONDUCTIVE APPROACH UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS IN SPACE
Authors: Lacerda G. N. , Curi M. F.
Published: December 2020

Thermal insulation is an important area, not restricted to mechanical engineering, but widely studied in environmentalissues, such as global warming and, above all, energy-saving, since controlling the heat flux on microprocessorsthrough temperature control on components in space applications. This work focuses on controlling the temperature incomponents that could not lose or gain so much heat in space, especiallywhen the overall safety of sending satellites onspecific missions is required. To ensure that, Multilayer Insulation (MLI) is used. With fluid mechanics and radiation-conductionheat transfer theory, it was possible to calculate the transient and stationary temperature field and heat flux inMLI. The boundary temperatures are specified at 300K and 4K. The results, from solving the resulting discretized ODE,simulated with fsolve and odeintScipy subroutines in Python, able to solve the equations numerically, were shown. Thedata given by the simulation was able to indicate the impacts of varying the layer density, emissivity of screen, the distancebetween screens and the perforation coefficient in stationary and transient approaches. A way to simulate the performanceof MLI numerically was presented. Modifying emissivity (e) showed variations higher than in the perforation coefficient(ξ). Layer density controls the distance between layers (d ), changing the conduction heat transfer. In the transient casesimulation, it was possible to notice that varying parameters impact in time to reach steady-state and final temperature.
Empirical Research on Leadership Capacity of Secondary Vocational Teachers in Yunnan Province of China
Authors: Yue Xiaoyao , Feng Yongjun
Published: December 2020

Teacher leadership continues to be a growing educational reform initiative across the world. With the rapid development of Chinese language education, the role of teacher leadership in education reform is becoming more and more prominent. Based on the survey data of 104 teachers in a secondary vocational school in Yuxi City, this study investigated the level of teacher leadership capacity and discussed their promotion strategies. Based on Lambert’s (2003a) theory of teacher leadership capacity, the author developed a research questionnaire that including four structures of teacher leadership capacity, which focus on the vision, reflection and innovation, shared governance, supervision, and response to student achievement. This study adopted the five-likert point scale. Data analysis shows that the average scores of 17 items does not exceed 4.00 points, while the highest and lowest score are from “focus on the vision.” To improve the teacher leadership capacity, the study suggests that leaders should concentrate on the school’s vision as well as establish collaborative culture and atmosphere among teachers.
De opwarming van concentratiecontrole: mogelijkheden een groen licht te geven aan concentraties beschouwd
Authors: Raedts Elske , Lulof Inès
Published: December 2020

De opwarming van concentratiecontrole: mogelijkheden een groen licht te geven aan concentraties beschouwd

In dit artikel trachten de auteurs de vraag te beantwoorden in hoeverre de groene koers van mededingingsautoriteiten ook de concentratiecontrole zal of zou kunnen/moeten beïnvloeden. Tegen de achtergrond van de groene ambitie van de EU en de ACM lijkt dit waarschijnlijk en zullen marktpartijen bij het beoordelen van de mededingingsrisico’s van een transactie ook rekening moeten gaan houden met de (mogelijke oplossingen voor) effecten van een transactie op duurzaamheid.
Wetsvoorstel ruimte voor duurzaamheidsinitiatieven: een reddingsboei voor duurzaamheid?
Authors: Koeman Arnout , Deza de Massiac Paul
Published: December 2020

Wetsvoorstel ruimte voor duurzaamheidsinitiatieven: een reddingsboei voor duurzaamheid?

In haar recent gepubliceerde Concept Leidraad Duurzaamheidsafspraken oppert de Autoriteit Consument & Markt dat het wetsvoorstel ruimte voor duurzaamheidsinitiatieven als mogelijkheid gebruikt kan worden om duurzaamheidsafspraken die in strijd zijn met de Mededingingswet toch verder te brengen. In dit artikel bespreken de auteurs dit wetsvoorstel en geven zij hun mening over de verschillende kanttekeningen die de Afdeling advisering van de Raad van State er eerder bij heeft gemaakt. Zij sluiten het artikel af met enkele fundamentele opmerkingen bij het wetsvoorstel.
Competências requeridas em equipes de projetos ágeis: um estudo de caso em uma Edtech
Authors: Gonçalves Laila Cristina Couto , Oliveira Silvia Alves Assumpção de , Pacheco Jéssica De Carvalho Amaral , Salume Paula Karina
Published: December 2020

Diferentes métodos de gerenciamento de projetos - abordagem tradicional e ágil - exigem características distintas da equipe, especialmente num contexto intensivo de tecnologia que requer alto desempenho. Neste sentido, o presente artigo busca identificar quais competências têm sido demandadas aos profissionais que atuam em projetos, no âmbito de abordagens ágeis, a fim de orientar gestores de projetos a formar equipes de alta performance, capazes de entregar valor, maior produtividade e lucratividade para as organizações. Para isso, foi realizado um estudo de caso em uma edtech, empresa startup educacional, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, presenciais e virtuais, com colaboradores da empresa que compõem dois squads distintos. As entrevistas permitiram conhecer o perfil e as competências de cada profissional entrevistado, além de sua visão em relação ao ambiente de trabalho circunscrito em processos ágeis de gerenciamento de projetos e necessidade de equipes de alta performance. A pesquisa revelou que as principais competências valorizadas no time são: conhecimento técnico e da abordagem de projetos, comunicação, saber trabalhar em equipe, capacidade de execução, flexibilidade, liderança, colaboração e proatividade. Conclui-se que o time está no caminho de ser uma equipe de alta performance, porém ainda é necessário que os membros incorporem mais as práticas ágeis entendendo o real valor que as mesmas geram para os clientes, por meio do desenvolvimento dos seus produtos.
LINKS BETWEEN SMP PRICES IN POLAND AND SELECTED FOREIGN MARKETS
Authors: Domagała Joanna
Published: December 2020

The aim of the paper was to determine the links between SMP prices in Poland and SMP prices in selected countries. The article uses secondary data for the monthly price of butter at a level of countries collected by the Milk Market Observatory and the Italian Dairy Economic Consulting portal for 2000-2016. The analyzed period was divided into two periods: 2000-2004 and 2005-2016. The article uses Johansen cointegration tests, and Granger’s causality analysis. The analyzes in the first stage concerned the links between SMP prices in Poland and SMP prices in Western Europe, the USA and Oceania. In the second stage, the links between SMP prices in Poland and selected EU countries were identified. The results of the study confirmed a stronger link between SMP prices in Poland and SMP prices in Western Europe and Oceania. It is worth noting that these links mainly occurred in the period following Poland’s accession to the EU. Within EU countries, SMP prices in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands were related to prices in Poland.
Mediation und Konfliktmanagement im (virtuellen) Raum mit Landkarten
Authors: Hennemann Jan Nicolai
Published: December 2020

Der Beitrag befasst sich in einer dreiteiligen Reihe mit Methoden der Mediation und des Konfliktmanagements, die sich in der von Covid-19 geprägten Zeit auch für virtuell durchgeführte Mediationen und Konfliktmanagementverfahren bewährt haben. Ihnen ist gemein, dass sie den fünf Schwächen virtueller Kommunikation entgegentreten und hier zwischen den Teilnehmern Brücken schlagen. Sie unterstützen ihre Teilnehmer bei der Auftragsklärung, der Themenstrukturierung, der Interessensklärung und Lösungsfindung und bereiten so die Grundlage für eine erfolgreiche Abschlussvereinbarung. Mit der hier dargestellten ersten Methode können die Medianden einen Überblick über ihre Konfliktlandschaft durch die Schaffung einer Landkarte kreieren. So werden die Elemente der Geografie genutzt, um das unbekannte Terrain in Konfliktsituationen schrittweise zu erschließen.
Effect of Zr Addition and Aging Treatment on the Tensile Properties of Al-Si-Cu-Mg Cast Alloys
Authors: Hernandez-Sandoval Jacobo , H. Abdelaziz Mohamed , M. Samuel Agnes , W. Doty Herbert , H. Samuel Fawzy
Published: December 2020

The present study focused on the tensile properties at ambient and high temperatures of alloy 354 without and with the addition of zirconium. Tensile tests were performed on alloy samples submitted to various aging treatments, with the aim of understanding the effects of the addition made on the tensile properties of the alloy. Zirconium reacts only with Ti, Si, and Al in the alloys examined to form the phases (Al,Si)2(Zr,Ti) and (Al,Si)3(Zr,Ti). Testing at 25°C reveals that the minimum and maximum quality index values, 259 and 459 MPa, are observed for the as-cast and solution heat-treated conditions, respectively. The yield strength shows a maximum of 345 MPa and a minimum of 80 MPa within the whole range of aging treatments applied. The ultimate tensile and yield strength values obtained at room temperature for T5-treated samples stabilized at 250°C for 200 h are comparable to those of T6-treated samples stabilized under the same conditions, and higher in the case of elevated-temperature (250°C) tensile testing. Coarsening of the strengthening precipitates following such prolonged exposure at 250°C led to noticeable reduction in the strength values, particularly the yield strength, and a remarkable increase in the ductility values.
An Overview of the Mafic and Felsic Monogenetic Neogene to Quaternary Volcanism in the Central Andes, Northern Chile (18-28°Lat.S)
Authors: Ureta Gabriel , Németh Károly , Aguilera Felipe , Vilches Matias , Aguilera Mauricio , Torres Ivana , Pablo Sepúlveda José , Scheinost Alexander , González Rodrigo
Published: December 2020

Monogenetic volcanism produces small eruptive volumes with short eruption history, different chemical compositions, and relatively simple conduit. The Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes is internationally known as a natural laboratory to study volcanism, where mafic and felsic products are present. In this contribution, the spectrum of architectures, range of eruptive styles, lithological features, and different magmatic processes of the mafic and felsic monogenetic Neogene to Quaternary volcanoes from the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes in northern Chile (18°S-28°S) are described. The major volcanic activity occurred during the Pleistocene, where the most abundant activity corresponds to effusive and Strombolian eruptions. This volcanism is characterized by external (e.g., magma reservoirs or groundwater availability) and internal (e.g., magma ascent rate or interaction en-route to the surface) conditions, which determine the changes in eruptive style, lithofacies, and magmatic processes involved in the formation of monogenetic volcanoes.
Assessment of Creativity: Theories and Methods
Authors: Kanlı Esra
Published: December 2020

The history of creativity assessment is as old as the concept itself. Researchers from various cultures and disciplines attempted to define the concept of creativity and offer a valid way to assess it. Creativity is generally defined as the ability to produce work that is novel and appropriate. Researchers in the field attempted to measure creativity from different perspectives and tried to answer the question like “What are the mental processes involved in creative thought?, Which personality traits are associated with creativity?, How can a product can be judged to be creative? and, What are the external forces that affect creativity?”. The answers of these questions constitute the most commonly used creativity assessment instruments. This chapter presents a brief overview on assessment of creativity through the eyes of the psychometric perspective and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of various instruments used in the field.
The Possibility of Obtaining Buckwheat Beverages Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria
Authors: Kowalska Ewa , Ziarno Małgorzata
Published: December 2020

In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of four different industrial starter cultures containing lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria on the selected characteristics of beverages prepared from buckwheat and stored at 4°C for 28 days. We estimated the pH of the beverages during fermentation and storage under refrigerated conditions. We also determined the number of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria and performed a chromatographic analysis of the carbohydrates. According to the results, the tested starter cultures effectively fermented the buckwheat beverage. The viable cell count of the starter microflora was sufficient to demonstrate the health-promoting properties of buckwheat. The pH of beverages was stable during the refrigerated storage. However, the carbohydrate content of the stored beverages changed, which indicates a constant biochemical activity of the microflora.
Protoporphyrin IX Analysis from Blood and Serum in the Context of Neurosurgery of Glioblastoma
Authors: Walke Anna , Suero Molina Eric , Stummer Walter , König Simone
Published: December 2020

Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) is formed from δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) during heme biosynthesis. Due to its cyclic tetrapyrrole core structure, it absorbs in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum and is thus colored. Both ALA and PPIX have become of great interest to neurosurgery, because in high-grade glioma, ALA diffuses into the tumor and is converted to PPIX. Fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) takes advantage of both the enrichment of PPIX in the tumor and its fluorescent properties, which enable visualization of tumor tissue. ALA-mediated FGR thus maximizes the extent of resection with better prognosis for patients. Tumor cells are able to produce porphyrins naturally or after administration of ALA, which is also reflected in elevated plasma fluorescence of cancer patients. PPIX might thus serve as a biomarker for monitoring of the tumor burden. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based method is presented to quantify PPIX in blood and serum in the context of current fluorescence-based diagnostics. The method is able to distinguish between zinc PPIX, a component of red blood cells of importance in the detection of lead poisoning and iron deficiency anemia, and metal-free PPIX. In a proof-of-principle study, it was used to follow a time course of a glioblastoma patient undergoing surgery and confirmed elevated PPIX blood levels before ALA administration. During surgery, these blood levels increased about four-fold. The here developed 10 min reversed-phase LC-target MS method now allows patient screening with high specificity and throughput.
Mediation, Culture, and Religion: Approaching Lonergan’s Method in Theology
Authors: Dadosky John D. ,   Seton Hall University
Published: December 2020

In this paper I explore the “Introduction” to Method in Theology and examine the presuppositions of this importanttext. These are concepts that Lonergan deemed necessary for introducing his work on functional specialization. I focus on mediation as a two-way process and the empirical notion of culture. It is interesting how these two significant ideas make their way into the brief introduction, which Lonergan wrote last when composing the text.
Vibration analysis of fluid-structure interaction using tuned mass dampers
Authors: Javanshir Ilghar , Zarepour Gholamreza
Published: December 2020

This paper has investigated the semi-analytical analysis of the solid-fluid interaction vibration in the presence of concentrated mass-spring-damper vibration absorber. The nonlinear partial differential equations of motion are derived by considering von Karman-type large deformations and viscoelastic behaviour. Fluid-structure interaction is modelled by using an acceleration coupling model in which a nonlinear Van der Pol oscillator simulates fluctuating nature of the vortex street. The nonlinear equations are discretized via the Galerkin approach, and the obtained equations are numerically solved by applying the Runge-Kutta method. Eventually, the dynamic response, phase plane plots, and variations of maximum amplitude in terms of fluid velocity for different parameters are extracted. The results reveal that utilizing vibration absorber leads to a significant effect on the dynamic characteristics of the system, displaces the lock-in phenomenon, and remarkably reduce the amplitude of the system oscillations.
Specifics of soybean seed production and processing in 2019
Authors: Kostić Miladin , Đukić Vojin , Ilić Aleksandar , Dujović Danka , Lončarević Velimir , Radin Milivoj , Rogić Miloš
Published: December 2020

The soybean harvest in 2019 began at the end of August. The quality of the natural seed was very high. The moisture content of the harvested seeds ranged from 7.1 % to 14.1 %. Thanks to this humidity, there was no need to dry the seeds, which is very important given the fact that drying soybeans can reduce the quality. Seed germination ranged between 82 % and 96 %. It should be noted that 97 % of seeds were harvested with germination greater than 85 % while about 65 % of seeds had germination above 90 %. The weight of 1000 grains averaged about 160 g. Soybean seed processing started on time and without major problems. The purity of the processed seed was on average 99.4 %. Of the total amount of processed seeds, about 72 % of seeds had germination greater than 85 %. The achieved seed quality was better compared to the one in 2018.