bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complementarity relationship between coherence and path distinguishability in an interferometer based on induced coherence
Authors: Machado Gerard J. , Sendra Lluc , Vallés Adam , Torres Juan P.
Published: July 2024

We consider an interferometer based on the concept of induced coherence, where two photons that originate in different second-order nonlinear crystals can interfere. We derive a complementarity relationship that links the first-order coherence between the two interfering photons with a parameter that quantifies the distinguishing information regarding the nonlinear crystal where they originated. We show that the derived relationship goes beyond the single-photon regime and is valid for any photon-flux rate generated. We report experimental results in the low photon-flux regime that confirm the validity of the derived complementarity relationship.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Impact of beam coupling impedance on crab cavity noise induced emittance growth
Authors: Triantafyllou N. , Antoniou F. , Bartosik H. , Baudrenghien P. , Buffat X. , Calaga R. , Papaphilippou Y. , Mastoridis T. , Wolski A.
Published: July 2024

Crab cavities will be deployed as a part of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) upgrade to mitigate the luminosity reduction induced by the crossing angle at the main experiments (ATLAS and CMS). Two prototype crab cavities have been installed in the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) in 2018 for studies with proton beams. An issue of concern is the transverse emittance growth induced by noise in the crab cavity radio frequency (rf) system, which is anticipated to limit the performance of the HL-LHC. In measurements conducted in the SPS in 2018, the crab cavity noise-induced emittance growth was measured to be a factor of 4 lower than predicted from the existing analytical models. In this paper, it is shown that the observed discrepancy is explained by damping effects from the beam coupling impedance, which were not included in the models up to now. Using the van Kampen mode approach, a new theory is developed, suggesting that the impedance can separate the coherent tune from the incoherent spectrum leading to an effective reduction of the crab cavity rf noise-induced emittance growth. This mechanism is validated in tracking simulations using the SPS impedance model as well as in dedicated experimental measurements conducted in the SPS in 2022. The implications for the HL-LHC project are discussed.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Emergence and evolution of electronic modes with temperature in spin-gapped Mott and Kondo insulators
Authors: Kohno Masanori
Published: July 2024

Electronic modes emerge within the band gap at nonzero temperature in strongly correlated insulators such as Mott and Kondo insulators, exhibiting momentum-shifted magnetic dispersion relations from the band edges. As the temperature increases, the emergent modes gain considerable spectral weights and form robust bands that differ from the zero-temperature bands. Here, the origin of the emergent modes, their relation to doping-induced modes, and how their spectral weights increase with temperature are clarified in the ladder and bilayer Hubbard models and one- and two-dimensional Kondo lattice models using effective theory for weak inter-unit-cell hopping and numerical calculations. The results indicate that the temperature-driven change in the band structure reflecting spin excitation, including the change in the number of bands, can be observed in various strongly correlated insulators even with a spin gap, provided that the temperature increases up to about spin-excitation energies. The controlled analyses developed in this study significantly contribute to the fundamental understanding of the band structure of strongly correlated insulators at nonzero temperature.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Charmonium production in hot magnetized hyperonic matter: Effects of the baryonic Dirac sea and pseudoscalar-vector mixing
Authors: Mishra Amruta , Kumar Arvind , Misra S. P.
Published: July 2024

We investigate the medium modifications of the masses of pseudoscalar open charm (D and D¯) mesons and the charmonium state [ψ(3770)] in hot isospin asymmetric strange hadronic medium in the presence of an external magnetic field within a chiral effective model. The in-medium partial decay widths of ψ(3770) to charged and neutral DD¯ mesons are computed from the medium modifications of the masses of the initial and final state mesons. These are computed using two light quark pair creation models—(I) the P03 model and (II) a field theoretical (FT) model of composite hadrons with quark (and antiquark) constituents. The production cross sections of ψ(3770), arising from scattering of the D and D¯ mesons, are computed from the relativistic Breit-Wigner spectral function expressed in terms of the in-medium masses and the decay widths of the charmonium state. The effects of the magnetic field are considered due to the Dirac sea (DS) of the baryons, the mixing of the pseudoscalar (S=0) and vector (S=1) meson (PV mixing), the Landau level contributions for the charged hadrons. The anomalous magnetic moments (AMMs) of the baryons are also taken into account in the present study. For magnetized nuclear matter, at ρB=ρ0, the effect of Dirac sea leads to inverse magnetic catalysis (IMC), which is drop of the magnitude of the light quark condensates (proportional to the scalar fields) with increase in the magnetic field, contrary to the opposite effect of magnetic catalysis (MC) at ρB=0. The inclusion of hyperons to the nuclear medium is observed to lead to magnetic catalysis. There are observed to be significant effects from the DS and PV mixing on the properties of the charm mesons. The production cross sections of ψ(3770) arising due to scattering of D+D−(D0D¯0) mesons in the hot magnetized strange hadronic matter are observed to have distinct peak positions, when the magnetic field is large. This is because the production cross sections have contributions from the transverse as well as longitudinal components of ψ(3770), which have nondegenerate masses due to PV [ψ(3770)−ηc′] mixing. These can have observable consequences on the dilepton spectra as well as on the production of the charm mesons in ultrarelativistic peripheral heavy ion collision experiments, where the produced magnetic field is huge.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Axion dark matter and additional BSM aspects in an extended 2HDM setup
Authors: Arcadi Giorgio , Khan Sarif
Published: July 2024

We illustrate and discuss the phenomenology of a model featuring a two-Higgs doublet sector augmented by two SU(2) singlet scalars. The gauge symmetry group is extended as well with a U(1)Lμ−Lτ component whose spontaneous breaking leads to the gauge boson which has an important effect in the muon (g−2). A global PQ symmetry is introduced upon its breaking; we have the axion particle which is also dark matter (DM) in our work. In particular, we have focused on type-X and type-II 2HDM models and found out that (g−2) cannot be explained only by the scalar sector for type-II 2HDM mainly due to stringent constraint from b→sγ resulted in

M

H

±

>

800

 

 

GeV

. For type-II 2HDM, we can have axion coupling with the gluons which generates the axion potential and possible explanation for the strong CP problem. The proposed model accommodates neutrino masses via the type-I seesaw mechanism with an upper bound on the right-handed neutrino mass 1 GeV (1 TeV) for type-II (type-X) 2HDM due to the presence of Planck scale suppressed operators. Moreover, we also have additional scalars which affect the oblique parameters and hence the W-boson mass which leads us to explain the W-boson mass observed at the CDF-II detector. The most stringent constraints on the masses and quartic couplings come from the perturbativity and potential bound from the below conditions which leads to fine-tuning among the parameters in part of the parameter space. Finally, we discuss the possible detection prospects of the axion DM and the additional gauge boson.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Constraining neutrino-DM interactions with Milky Way dwarf spheroidals and supernova neutrinos
Authors: Heston Sean , Horiuchi Shunsaku , Shirai Satoshi
Published: July 2024

We constrain the neutrino-dark matter cross section using properties of the dark matter density profiles of Milky Way dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The constraint arises from core-collapse supernova neutrinos scattering on dark matter as a form of energy injection, allowing the transformation of the dark matter density profile from a cusped profile to a flatter profile. We assume a standard cosmology of dark energy and cold, collisionless, and non-self-interacting dark matter. By requiring that the dark matter cores do not lose too much mass or overshoot constraints from stellar kinematics, we place an upper limit on the cross section of σν−DM(Eν=15  MeV,mχ≲130  GeV)≈3.4×10−23  cm2 and σν−DM(Eν=15  MeV,mχ≳130  GeV)≈3.2×10−27(mχ1  GeV)2  cm2, which is stronger than previous bounds for these energies. Consideration of baryonic feedback or host galaxy effects on the dark matter profile can strengthen this constraint.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Dark matter from mediator decay in early matter domination
Authors: Allahverdi Rouzbeh , Loc Ngo Phuc Duc , Osiński Jacek K.
Published: July 2024

We study dark matter production from mediator decays in scenarios with an epoch of early matter domination. Particles that mediate interactions between dark matter and the standard model particles are kinematically accessible to the thermal bath as long as their mass is below the reheating temperature of the Universe after inflation. Decay of on-shell mediators can then lead to copious production of dark matter during early matter domination or a preceding radiation-dominated phase. In particular, for mediators that are charged under the standard model, it can exceed the standard freeze-in channel due to inverse annihilations at much lower temperatures (often by many orders of magnitude). The requirement to obtain the correct relic abundance severely constrains the parameter space for dark matter masses above a few TeV.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Higher-point gauge-theory couplings of massive spin-2 states in four-dimensional string theories
Authors: Huang Chen
Published: July 2024

We explicitly compute the Neveu-Schwarz sector conventional type-I superstring tree-level amplitudes at five points after compactifying to 4D, express the QFT building block in the helicity basis, and give several attempts toward arbitrary n points. More specifically, we consider the interaction of one first excited level and otherwise massless states of conventional type-I superstrings, where the four-dimensional states can, for instance, be realized via D3 branes. We construct the amplitude by using the Berends-Giele currents. From the recursion of Berends-Giele currents, we can generate the higher point amplitude. We also apply the BCFW recursion with massive external legs shifted and get the amplitude for arbitrary n points.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Numerical simulation of dynamics behavior of pulsed-DC helium plasma jet confined by parallel magnetic field at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Liu Yinghua , Yin Peiqi , Xu Boping , Liu Dawei , Pi Liangwen , Fu Yuxi , Wang Yishan , Zhao Wei , Tang Jie
Published: July 2024

A two-dimensional axisymmetric fluid model is used to simulate the dynamics behavior of an atmospheric-pressure helium plasma jet in the presence of a parallel magnetic field. The plasma jet is generated in a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) driven by pulsed direct-current voltage. Comparative analysis of the plasma jet with and without the parallel magnetic field indicates that a slightly thinner plasma sheath inside the tube is present with the parallel magnetic field as a result of the decreased accumulated electrons on the inner surface of dielectric tube. After the streamer propagates outside the tube, a little more concentrated electron distribution in the annular wall is observed by applying the magnetic field because of the reduced electron diffusion in the radial direction and the confinement effect of the magnetic field on the electrons in the avalanche heads. The tiny reduction in the length of plasma jet is attributed to the E × B drift of charged particles. These results demonstrate that the parallel magnetic field has no apparent effect on the propagation of the plasma jet, and it contributes little to the performance improvement of the coaxial DBD, which agrees well with the previous experimental observations. This little impact of the parallel magnetic field on the coaxial DBD plasma jet may result from negligible contribution of the memory effect to the sole discharge pulse as well as the weak confinement effect of the applied magnetic field on the surface electrons that moves along the magnetic field lines under electrostatic repulsion.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Entropy production rate and correlations in a cavity magnomechanical system
Authors: Edet Collins O. , Asjad Muhammad , Dutykh Denys , Ali Norshamsuri , Abah Obinna
Published: July 2024

We present the irreversibility generated by a stationary cavity magnomechanical system composed of a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere with a diameter of a few hundred micrometers inside a microwave cavity. In this system, the magnons, i.e., collective spin excitations in the sphere, are coupled to the cavity photon mode via magnetic dipole interaction and to the phonon mode via magnetostrictive force (optomechanical-like). We employ the quantum phase-space formulation of the entropy change to evaluate the steady-state entropy production rate and associated quantum correlation in the system. We find that the behavior of the entropy flow between the cavity photon mode and the phonon mode is determined by the magnon-photon coupling and the cavity photon dissipation rate. Interestingly, the entropy production rate can increase/decrease depending on the strength of the magnon-photon coupling and the detuning parameters. We further show that the amount of correlations between the magnon and phonon modes is linked to the irreversibility generated in the system for small magnon-photon coupling. Our results demonstrate the possibility of exploring irreversibility in driven magnon-based hybrid quantum systems and open a promising route for quantum thermal applications.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Programmable XY-type couplings through parallel spin-dependent forces on the same trapped ion motional modes
Authors: Kotibhaskar Nikhil , Shih Chung-You , Motlakunta Sainath , Vogliano Anthony , Hahn Lewis , Chen Yu-Ting , Islam Rajibul
Published: July 2024

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an analog scheme for generating XY-type (Jijxσxiσxj+Jijyσyiσyj) Hamiltonians on trapped ion spins with independent control over the Jijx and Jijy terms. The Ising-type interactions σxiσxj and σyiσyj are simultaneously generated by employing two spin-dependent forces operating in parallel on the same set of normal modes. We analytically calculate the region of validity of this scheme, and provide numerical and experimental validation with Yb+171 ions. This scheme inherits the programmability and scalability of the Ising-type interactions with trapped ions that have been explored in numerous quantum simulation experiments. Our approach extends the capabilities of existing trapped ion quantum simulators to access a large class of spin Hamiltonians relevant for exploring exotic quantum phases such as superfluidity and spin liquids.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Characterizing localization effects in an ultracold disordered Fermi gas by diffusion analysis
Authors: Barbosa Sian , Kiefer-Emmanouilidis Maximilian , Lang Felix , Koch Jennifer , Widera Artur
Published: July 2024

Disorder can fundamentally modify the transport properties of a system. A striking example is Anderson localization, suppressing transport due to destructive interference of propagation paths. In inhomogeneous many-body systems, not all particles are localized for finite-strength disorder, and the system can become partially diffusive. Unraveling the intricate signatures of localization from such observed diffusion is a longstanding problem. Here, we experimentally study a degenerate, spin-polarized Fermi gas in a disorder potential formed by an optical speckle pattern. We record the diffusion through the disordered potential upon release from an external confining potential. We compare different methods to analyze the resulting density distributions, including a new approach to capture particle dynamics by evaluating absorption-image statistics. Using standard observables, such as diffusion exponent and coefficient, localized fraction, or localization length, we find that some show signatures for a transition to localization above a critical disorder strength, while others show a smooth crossover to a modified diffusion regime. In laterally displaced disorder, we spatially resolve different transport regimes simultaneously, which allows us to extract the subdiffusion exponent expected for weak localization. Our work emphasizes that the transition toward localization can be investigated by closely analyzing the system's diffusion, offering ways of revealing localization effects beyond the signature of exponentially decaying density distribution.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
When cobweb meets oligopoly
Authors: Zhang Qianqian , Lin Faqin , Wang Xiuqing , Xin Xian
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present an oligopolistic version of the cobweb model that departs from the strict assumptions of perfect competition in the traditional cobweb model.

Design/methodology/approach

Introducing a model where n identical producers engage in Cournot competition, with output decisions influencing market prices. The paper retains the original assumptions of naive expectations and a linear model where price expectations of Cournot competitors are made simultaneously with production decisions. The investigation focuses on the model's behavior as the number of producers decreases or industry concentration increases. The authors also show empirical evidence when drawing the data from the pig sector in China and the USA.

Findings

The findings indicate that the cobweb model undergoes a transition from divergent to continuous and even convergent as the number of producers decreases or industry concentration increases. The incorporation of costs related to entry and exit from the market contributes to achieving a more stable equilibrium state.

Originality/value

The cobweb model has been primarily studied in an idealized market structure of perfect competition, and the assumptions that they share are not obviously appropriate to many agriculture markets. This study presents an alternative version of the cobweb model in an oligopolistic market that relaxes the strict assumptions of perfect competition. The authors show the dynamics of reduced competitor numbers or increased industry concentration on the convergence of the cobweb model based on subtle variations in parameters.
Robot adoption of family firms: the role of family non-executive directors
Authors: Du Shanzhong , Cao June
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Industrial robots are of great significance to the long-term development of family firms. Drawing on the lens of the principal–principal conflict, this paper aims to investigate the influence of family non-executive directors on robot adoption in Chinese family firms.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper selects the family firms in China from 2011 to 2019 as the sample. Furthermore, the authors manually collected the family non-executive directors and constructed the robot adoption variable utilizing data sourced from the International Federation of Robotics. In brief, this paper constructs a comprehensive framework of the mechanisms and additional tests pertaining to the influence of family non-executive directors on robot adoption.

Findings

This paper finds that family non-executive directors can promote robot adoption in family firms. The underlying mechanism analysis shows that family non-executive directors promote robot adoption by exerting financial and human effects. This paper further finds that the characteristics of family non-executive directors, such as kinship, differential shareholding and excessive directors, affect the role of family non-executive directors. Finally, robot adoption can improve future performance, and the promotional effect is more evident when family members are non-executive directors.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the related literature from the following two aspects. Firstly, this paper decomposes the types of family directors to understand the role of family non-executive directors, which challenges the assumption that family board members are homogeneous in family firms. Second, this paper expands the research on the factors that influence robot adoption in emerging economies from the micro-enterprise level. In addition, the findings in this paper have managerial implications for family firms to optimize their strategic decisions with the help of the mode of board right allocation.
Artificial intelligence literacy: a proposed faceted taxonomy
Authors: Shiri Ali
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a taxonomy of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy to support AI literacy education and research.

Design/methodology/approach

This study makes use of the facet analysis technique and draws upon various sources of data and information to develop a taxonomy of AI literacy. The research consists of the following key steps: a comprehensive review of the literature published on AI literacy research, an examination of well-known AI classification schemes and taxonomies, a review of prior research on data/information/digital literacy research and a qualitative and quantitative analysis of 1,031 metadata records on AI literacy publications. The KH Coder 3 software application was used to analyse metadata records from the Scopus multidisciplinary database.

Findings

A new taxonomy of AI literacy is proposed with 13 high-level facets and a list of specific subjects for each facet.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed taxonomy may serve as a conceptual AI literacy framework to support the critical understanding, use, application and examination of AI-enhanced tools and technologies in various educational and organizational contexts.

Practical implications

The proposed taxonomy provides a knowledge organization and knowledge mapping structure to support curriculum development and the organization of digital information.

Social implications

The proposed taxonomy provides a cross-disciplinary perspective of AI literacy. It can be used, adapted, modified or enhanced to accommodate education and learning opportunities and curricula in different domains, disciplines and subject areas.

Originality/value

The proposed AI literacy taxonomy offers a new and original conceptual framework that builds on a variety of different sources of data and integrates literature from various disciplines, including computing, information science, education and literacy research.
A complete lean system design for team-oriented product development projects
Authors: Durmusoglu Mehmet Bulent , Aglan Canan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The inherent variability on process times and demand are the factors that prevent the efficient application of lean philosophy in multi-project product development (PD) environments. Considering this variability, a hybrid push–pull project control system is developed, and value stream costing (VSC) analysis is performed to reflect the relation between project lead time, capacity and project cost. The assessment of the push/pull project control on lead time improvement and long-term savings on capacity have been aimed with the proposed complete design structure.

Design/methodology/approach

In a team-based structure, formed through clustering, push control techniques for planning tasks within cross-functional teams and pull control techniques for planning tasks between cross-functional teams are developed. The final step evaluates the proposed structure through VSC and long-term savings have been pointed out, especially in terms of freed-up capacity. For the validation of the proposed methodology, an office furniture manufacturing firm’s PD department has been considered and the performance of the hybrid system has been observed through simulation experiments and based on the simulation results, the lean system is evaluated by VSC.

Findings

The results of simulation experiments show a superior performance of the proposed hybrid push/pull project control mechanism under different settings of cycle time between projects or shortly project cycle time, dispatching rules within teams and variability levels. The results of the Box-Score (tool to apply VSC) indicate increased capacity in the long term to add extra projects during the planning period with the same project lead time and without additional cost.

Research limitations/implications

Although extensive simulation experiments have been performed to quantify the effect of project control structure and positive results have been reported on lead time and cost, the proposed design structure has not been tested in all existing PD environments.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, the quantification of the effect of hybrid project control with VSC is the first attempt to be applied in lean PD projects.
Security tokens, ecosystems and financial inclusion: Islamic perspectives
Authors: Ahmed Habib
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Shariah-compliant security tokens can play an important role in developing innovative solutions to resolve voluntary and involuntary financial exclusion in Muslim societies. This paper aims to present features of Shariah-compliant security tokens and supporting ecosystems that can provide additional sources of financing for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and create alternative investment opportunities for retail investors.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper presents the building blocks of security tokens, their ecosystem and key functions and activities and then examines these features from Islamic perspectives. This is done by reviewing the contemporary literature on cryptoassets and their ecosystems and analysing these in light of Islamic legal and ethical values and principles.

Findings

The paper provides a framework of how Shariah-compliant asset- and equity-based security tokens can be used by SMEs to raise funds quickly and efficiently on crypto exchanges. Given the novelty and complexity of the technology involved and the lack of understanding and skills to develop blockchain-based systems among SMEs, this paper suggests developing security tokens and exchanges in a controlled manner under the supervision of a nation’s stock markets.

Originality/value

Although several studies examine cryptocurrencies from Islamic perspectives, literature on other cryptoassets and their role in financial inclusion is scant. This paper identifies Shariah-compliant asset- and equity-based security tokens and supporting ecosystems that can contribute to the development of digital capital markets where SMEs can raise funds efficiently and retail investors can invest in alternative asset classes.
Sustainability initiatives in higher education institutions: the stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Shrestha Prakash
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to assess the considerations for implementing sustainability initiatives in higher education institutions (HEIs).

Design/methodology/approach

It employs a qualitative approach. It is based on opinions gathered from 272 stakeholders (including authorities and academicians) of HEIs.

Findings

Nepalese HEIs are facing several challenges, such as the lack of a changing vision and values to create a culture of sustainability initiatives and the socioeconomic and cultural gaps between policy sources and implementation approaches for sustainability. Therefore, they need to consider several sustainability initiatives to improve their performance and competitiveness. Effective leadership, learning culture, sustainability-related policy, effective HRM, organizational structure, supportive culture, technology, rewards, and university-academia-industry linkages are the key prerequisites for implementing sustainability initiatives. Thus, HEIs must make substantial investments in such aspects. Furthermore, they have to focus on sustainability initiative context, feasible strategies, and actionable/practical solutions to implement sustainability initiatives that help in achieving performance outcomes.

Research limitations/implications

It is solely based on the opinions of authorities and academicians of Nepalese HEIs. Since it was carried out in the Nepalese context, results might vary at other times and in other nations.

Practical implications

It serves as a wake-up message to HEIs' officials about the barricades associated with sustainability initiatives and also addresses important requirements for putting such initiatives into practice.

Originality/value

It provides a holistic framework to initiate sustainability in HEIs to help them achieve expected outcomes.
Tangible, intangible assets and labour productivity growth
Authors: Castelli Chiara , Comincioli Nicola , Ferrante Chiara , Pontarollo Nicola
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of tangible and intangible investments in driving labour productivity growth in the European Union over the period 2000–2017 and their role in the short and medium run. Additionally, heterogeneity across countries is accounted for by performing estimates separately for Eastern and Western European countries.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology used to conduct the analysis of the determinants of productivity is the two-way fixed-effect and the system generalised method of moments. We also include country-specific dummies in place of our variable on national innovative capacity as a means to further reduce the number of instruments.

Findings

The results reveal a long-term relationship of investment in intangible assets with labour productivity growth, more specifically of investment in R&D. This relationship holds both when considering the whole set of European countries and for Western European countries, demonstrating that R&D is key to enhancing labour productivity growth. On the contrary, the effect for Eastern countries is negative, probably due to the lack of capacity to turn this investment into an efficient and effective way to foster productivity.

Originality/value

Besides confirming the well-known role of tangible and intangible assets in productivity, the heterogeneity shown in our analysis highlights the need for improving capabilities in Eastern countries. Diversifying the decisions on the investments in European countries, depending on the specific needs and their heterogeneity, could help bridge the productivity gap and enhance specific capabilities of the country systems.
Utilizing organizational ambidexterity to implement long-term technical change in fast-paced manufacturing settings
Authors: Sannö Anna , Rothenberg Sandra , Leo Ezekiel
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In this paper, we focus on how and when organizations adopt different types of ambidexterity to facilitate projects that operate with fundamentally different time scales compared with the dominant functions of the organization.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a comparative case study design, four case studies were conducted of long-term projects in two similar manufacturing plants within the same organization.

Findings

We found organizations first use structural and sequential ambidexterity in change efforts, during which new process knowledge is developed. When structural and sequential ambidexterity are not viable, change agents use this developed knowledge to support contextual ambidexterity. This contextual ambidexterity allows change agents to move between distinct time conceptions of event time and clock time.

Research limitations/implications

One of the limitations of this study was that it only focused on two plants within one organization in order to control for variation. Future studies should look at a wider range of companies, technologies and industries.

Practical implications

While structurally and temporally decoupling change efforts help with differentiation of new technological change, there are limitations with these efforts. It is important to build an organization’s contextual ambidexterity as well as organizational supports to facilitate switching between clock time and event time.

Originality/value

This paper helps explain how and when organizations use different types of ambidexterity in resolving temporal conflicts when implementing longer-term technological change in fast-paced manufacturing settings.
Practice Briefing: Property valuation and market cycles
Authors: Roulac Stephen E.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The intent of this practice briefing is to provide clarity on the role of market cycles in influencing property valuations at specific points in time. Market cycles are important to the valuation function as real estate cycles have been a critical underlying reason for the financial successes and failures of real estate investments throughout history.

Design/methodology/approach

This practice briefing is an overview of the role of the valuer/appraiser in decanting out market information and expectations from market comparables.

Findings

This briefing is a review of property valuation and proffers that connecting market cycles to valuation will capture a more expansive and inclusive world view that explicitly incorporates consideration of multiple factors that are reflected in market value.

Research limitations/implications

Important implication of this research is that valuers be aware of how profoundly market cycles concepts and circumstances influence property values – and implement that knowledge in property valuation assignments.

Practical implications

This briefing considers the implications of using market cycles knowledge as a core resource for the property valuer. All involved in the property discipline must recognise that market cycles dramatically influence property values at any one point in time.

Social implications

Societies, cultures, governments, business and places depend upon and have major stake in competent, responsible, informed decisions about properties and property interest. This research contributes to superior property practice – and therefore supports the interests of societies, cultures, governments, business and places.

Originality/value

This briefing provides guidance on how to interpret markets, market cycles and market information that feed into property pricing and market value.
Navigating start-ups: a qualitative exploration of causal and effectual decision-making in entrepreneurial marketing
Authors: Breit Luca A. , Volkmann Christine K.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to enrich the field of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) by examining decision-making processes in the unique context of start-up ventures. To do so, it extends research on the distinct EM dimensions to the behavioral context by revealing how causation and effectuation principles shape entrepreneurs’ actions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study investigates EM behavior through 12 semi-structured interviews with 10 start-up founders and two founder associates in Germany. Use of established frameworks of the EM dimensions and causation/effectuation principles paves the way for an in-depth analysis. This methodology uncovers a distinct pattern of decision-making behaviors characterizing various activities within start-ups.

Findings

The findings show that causal logic prevails in start-ups’ EM, and effectual reasoning serves a complementary role. On the dimensional level, the findings reveal a predominant goal-driven focus on customer intensity and value-creation processes. Predictive logic guides opportunity focus, proactiveness and risk management, with nonpredictive behaviors providing adaptability. The principle of affordable loss is also evident in risk management. Finally, start-ups exhibit a blend of causal and effectual logic in innovativeness and resource-leveraging.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to illuminate the interplay of behavioral logics in start-up firms’ EM by exploring the nuanced principles underpinning the decision-making processes of entrepreneurs. In doing so, it advances understanding of the marketing–entrepreneurship interface and enriches decision-making literature.
Empirical illustrations of student’s perception of a preferred employer brand
Authors: Bharadwaj Shubhangi
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To examine the employer brand attributes that attract students to various organisations. This paper studies the perceived importance levels of students in the context of employer brand dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on a well-administered and structured questionnaire with survey results to test the effectiveness of the employer brand model. The researcher received a convenience sample of 416 filled questionnaires out of the 550 distributed questionnaires. Independent sample and paired sample t-tests were run to test the hypotheses.

Findings

Development value emerged as the most potent factor, whereas interest value emerged as the least favoured characteristic of an employer brand. Further analyses revealed no significant differences regarding the perceived levels of importance for dimensions of employer brand in relation to gender. Distinct significance levels are associated with various dimensions of employer brand, so companies should carefully emphasise and facilitate those dimensions. The managers could design their job advertisements to attract skilled employees based on the essential values depicted in this study.

Originality/value

The study contributes valuable suggestions for organisations to formulate an effective employer brand for successful recruitment strategies.
The impact of flexible work arrangements on an older grieving population
Authors: Mercer Marlee E.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Age-inclusive management practices are crucial for addressing the needs of the older workforce, but there is limited research on these practices. One underexplored area is how workplaces can support older employees dealing with the loss of a loved one. The psychological process of loss differs for older employees and can have adverse effects on their ability to perform in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to explore how workplaces can provide the necessary tools to support their older grieving employees.

Design/methodology/approach

This conceptual paper draws on the job-demand resource model and signaling theory to investigate how flexible work arrangements can support older employees after a bereavement and contribute to optimal employee performance.

Findings

Flexible work arrangements are theorized to lead to optimal performance via informational support. An ethical climate and stronger cultural competencies are proposed to strengthen this relationship. A theoretical framework is presented for a comprehensive research approach.

Originality/value

This paper advances the current understanding of age-inclusive management and offers a novel perspective on the benefits of flexible working arrangements.
Mothers in doctoral education: Who cares? An ecological-systems analysis of support for PhD mums
Authors: Mason Shannon , Bond Melissa , Ledger Susan F.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

In light of a largely negative discourse, this study aims to identify the various ways in which PhD mums have been supported in a range of contexts to develop a comprehensive typology of positive support, as well as to identify patterns that transcend institutional, national and disciplinary borders.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is guided by ecological systems theory which allows for the investigation of the various interrelated systems that influence (in this case) doctoral researchers. A mixed-methods survey elicited the first-hand experiences from recent and current PhD mums across the world.

Findings

The authors have identified a range of potential supports for PhD mums, but note a careful balance is needed to ensure that PhD mums are supported in their roles as both mother and doctoral researcher, where support in one domain does not contradict nor ignore support for the other.

Originality/value

This study complements the existing knowledge body, which consists mainly of localised studies, by providing a birds-eye view of issues that transcend national, geographic and disciplinary borders. A topography provides a visual map of the various sources of potential support and the complicated relationships between them.
Accounting going digital: a Vietnamese experimental study on artificial intelligence in accounting
Authors: Abu Afifa Malik Muneer , Nguyen Tho Hoang , Le Mai Truc Thi , Nguyen Lien , Tran Thuy Thi Hong
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationship between digital transformation, transformational leadership style and artificial intelligence (AI) in accounting in the context of Vietnam as an emerging market. Additionally, it examines the role of transformational leadership style as a moderator in the nexus between digital transformation and AI in accounting.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected through e-survey questionnaires distributed to Vietnamese manufacturing firms following comprehensive screening to ensure representativeness of the entire population. A final sample of 510 responses was analyzed.

Findings

Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, our findings reveal that digital transformation and a transformational leadership style positively influence AI in accounting. Furthermore, transformational leadership style demonstrates a significant moderating effect on the relationship between digital transformation and AI in accounting.

Practical implications

This study discusses the benefits of incorporating AI in accounting for managerial decision-making. It underscores the critical importance of digital transformation in contemporary accounting practices, particularly with regards to AI in accounting. Consequently, managers are encouraged to embrace digital transformation, leveraging national policies, to enhance their firm's utilization of AI in accounting. Moreover, managers should focus on developing their transformational leadership style to maximize the aforementioned outcomes.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on AI in accounting by highlighting the positive effects of digital transformation and a transformational leadership style. Additionally, our findings underscore the effectiveness of a transformational leadership style and its moderating influence. Finally, this study presents a pioneering empirical investigation that integrates transformational leadership style with AI in accounting within developing economies, specifically Vietnam.
Investigation of the rehydration characteristics of dairy and infant formula powders using focused beam reflectance measurement and electrical resistance tomography
Authors: Xu Guangya , Zaitoun Baheeja J , O'Shea Norah , O'Donnell Colm P , Amamcharla Jayendra K
Published: July 2024

The potential of focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) was evaluated as on‐line process analytical technologies (PAT) for monitoring powder rehydration. Skim milk powder (SMP) and stage one infant formulas were evaluated. Among all samples, SMP had the greatest conductivity by ERT (P < 0.05), this was confirmed by off‐line methods, that is, SMP had a higher solubility, whereas infant formulas had lower solubility. Particle counts for fines of all samples reached peak values ~450 s. Results demonstrated PAT tools offer capability for rehydration characterisation of dairy and non‐dairy powders.
In vivo functional analysis of the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera 24‐dehydrocholesterol reductase (HaDHCR24) in phytosterol metabolism
Authors: Yang Zhen , Ren Jinchan , Lu Shuning , Feng Yuanze , Fan Yongliang , Liu Tong‐Xian , Jing Xiangfeng
Published: July 2024

Insects have to obtain sterols from food due to the inability to synthesize this essential nutrient de novo. For lepidopteran insects, they can convert a variety of phytosterols into cholesterol to meet their growth needs. The final step of the cholesterol biosynthesis is the metabolism of desmosterol catalyzed by 24‐dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR24). In this study, we identified a DHCR24 homolog in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, designated as H. armigera 24‐dehydrocholesterol reductase (HaDHCR24)‐1. The quantitative expression analyses indicated that HaDHCR24‐1 was highly enriched in the midgut where dietary sterol uptake occurs. Compared to the control, the DHCR24‐1 mutant larvae generated by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR‐associated nuclease 9 technology accumulated more desmosterol in the gut, while the content of cholesterol was significantly reduced. A similar phenomenon was observed when the DHCR24 inhibitor, amiodarone, was applied to the insects. Moreover, DHCR24‐1 played an important role for the usage of β‐sitosterol, a major sterol in plants, in H. armigera, and loss of function of DHCR24‐1 resulted in higher mortality on β‐sitosterol. However, the DHCR24 homolog does not necessarily exist in the genomes of all insects. The loss of this gene occurred more frequently in the insects feeding on animals, which further support the role of DHCR24‐1 in using phytosterols. This gene may have important potential in developing new strategies to control herbivory pests in Lepidoptera and other insect orders.
TNNT1 accelerates migration, invasion and EMT progression in lung cancer cells
Authors: Ge Xiaobin , Du Guangzhong , Zhou Qingchen , Yan Bing , Yue Gonglei
Published: July 2024

Background

Clinically, most patients with lung cancer (LC) die from tumor spread and metastasis. Specific metastasis‐related molecules can provide reference for clinical prediction of efficacy, evaluation of prognosis, and search for the best treatment plan. Troponin T1 (TNNT1) is highly expressed in various cancer tissues, which affects malignant behavior of tumor cells and is related to patients' survival and prognosis. However, the role and molecular mechanism of TNNT1 in LC invasion and metastasis have not yet been investigated.

Methods

Gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) online analysis was used to analyze TNNT1 expression in LC tissues. Quantitative real‐time‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) or western blot were performed to measure TNNT1 or epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway‐related protein expression in LC cells. After TNNT1 knockdown, cell scratch healing and transwell assays were introduced to assess cell migration and invasion, respectively.

Results

TNNT1 expression in LC tissues and cells was increased. TNNT1 knockdown notably impaired LC cell migration, invasion and EMT. TNNT1 knockdown inhibited Wnt/β‐catenin pathway of LC cells. Lithium chloride (LiCl) addition partially restored the inhibition of TNNT1 knockdown on migration, invasion, EMT and Wnt/β‐catenin of LC cells.

Conclusion

TNNT1 knockdown attenuated LC migration, invasion and EMT, possibly through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling.