bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Private-Public Opinion Discrepancy
Authors: Manfredi Ren , Guazzini Andrea , Roos Carla Anne , Postmes Tom , Koudenburg Namkje
Published: November 2020

In many Western societies there are rising concerns about increasing polarization in public debate. However, statistics on private attitudes paint a different picture: the average attitudes in societies are more moderate and remain rather stable over time. The present paper presents an agent-based model of how such discrepancies between public opinion and private attitudes develop at the scale of micro-societies. Based on social psychological theorizing, the model distinguishes between two types of agents: a) those seeking to gain or maintain a good reputation and status, and b) those seeking to promote group harmony by reaching consensus. We characterized these different types of agents by different decision rules for either voicing their opinion or remaining silent, based on the behavior of their proximal network. Results of the model simulations show that even when the private attitudes of the agents are held constant, publicly expressed opinions can oscillate and (depending on the reputational concerns of individual actors) situations can occur in which minorities as well as majorities are silenced. We conclude that the macro-level consequences of micro-level decisions to either voice an opinion or remain silent provide a foundation for better understanding how public opinions are shaped. Moreover, we discuss the conditions under which public opinion could be considered a good representation of private attitudes in a society.
Adult responses to infant prelinguistic vocalizations are associated with infant vocabulary: A home observation study
Authors: Lopez Lukas D. , Walle Eric A. , Pretzer Gina M. , Warlaumont Anne S.
Published: November 2020

This study used LENA recording devices to capture infants’ home language environments and examine how qualitative differences in adult responding to infant vocalizations related to infant vocabulary. Infant-directed speech and infant vocalizations were coded in samples taken from daylong home audio recordings of 13-month-old infants. Infant speech-related vocalizations were identified and coded as either canonical or non-canonical. Infant-directed adult speech was identified and classified into different pragmatic types. Multiple regressions examined the relation between adult responsiveness, imitating, recasting, and expanding and infant canonical and non-canonical vocalizations with caregiver-reported infant receptive and productive vocabulary. An interaction between adult like-sound responding (i.e., the total number of imitations, recasts, and expansions) and infant canonical vocalizations indicated that infants who produced more canonical vocalizations and received more adult like-sound responses had higher productive vocabularies. When sequences were analyzed, infant canonical vocalizations that preceded and followed adult recasts and expansions were positively associated with infant productive vocabulary. These findings provide insights into how infant-adult vocal exchanges are related to early vocabulary development.
Colonization with multi-drug-resistant organisms negatively impacts survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Stratmann Jan A. , Lacko Raphael , Ballo Olivier , Shaid Shabnam , Gleiber Wolfgang , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Wichelhaus Thomas , Reinheimer Claudia , Göttig Stephan , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Kleine Peter , Stera Susanne , Brandts Christian , Sebastian Martin , Koschade Sebastian
Published: November 2020

Objectives

Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) are considered an emerging threat worldwide. Data covering the clinical impact of MDRO colonization in patients with solid malignancies, however, is widely missing. We sought to determine the impact of MDRO colonization in patients who have been diagnosed with Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are at known high-risk for invasive infections.

Materials and methods

Patients who were screened for MDRO colonization within a 90-day period after NSCLC diagnosis of all stages were included in this single-center retrospective study.

Results

Two hundred and ninety-five patients were included of whom 24 patients (8.1%) were screened positive for MDRO colonization (MDROpos) at first diagnosis.Enterobacteraleswere by far the most frequent MDRO detected with a proportion of 79.2% (19/24). MDRO colonization was present across all disease stages and more present in patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus. Median overall survival was significantly inferior in the MDROposstudy group with a median OS of 7.8 months (95% CI, 0.0–19.9 months) compared to a median OS of 23.9 months (95% CI, 17.6–30.1 months) in the MDROneggroup in univariate (p = 0.036) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.02). Exploratory analyses suggest a higher rate of non-cancer-related-mortality in MDROpospatients compared to MDROnegpatients (p = 0.002) with an increased rate of fatal infections in MDROpospatients (p = 0.0002).

Conclusions

MDRO colonization is an independent risk factor for inferior OS in patients diagnosed with NSCLC due to a higher rate of fatal infections. Empirical antibiotic treatment approaches should cover formerly detected MDR commensals in cases of (suspected) invasive infections.
Complete chloroplast genomes of three important species, Abelmoschus moschatus, A. manihot and A. sagittifolius: Genome structures, mutational hotspots, comparative and phylogenetic analysis in Malvaceae
Authors: Li Jie , Ye Guang-ying , Liu Hai-lin , Wang Zai-hua
Published: November 2020

Abelmoschus is an economically and phylogenetically valuable genus in the family Malvaceae. Owing to coexistence of wild and cultivated form and interspecific hybridization, this genus is controversial in systematics and taxonomy and requires detailed investigation. Here, we present whole chloroplast genome sequences and annotation of three important species: A. moschatus, A. manihot and A. sagittifolius, and compared with A. esculentus published previously. These chloroplast genome sequences ranged from 163121 bp to 163453 bp in length and contained 132 genes with 87 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. Comparative analyses revealed that amino acid frequency and codon usage had similarity among four species, while the number of repeat sequences in A. esculentus were much lower than other three species. Six categories of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected, but A. moschatus and A. manihot did not contain hexanucleotide SSRs. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of A/T, T/A and C/T were the largest number type, and the ratio of transition to transversion was from 0.37 to 0.55. Abelmoschus species showed relatively independent inverted-repeats (IR) boundary traits with different boundary genes compared with the other related Malvaceae species. The intergenic spacer regions had more polymorphic than protein-coding regions and intronic regions, and thirty mutational hotpots (≥200 bp) were identified in Abelmoschus, such as start-psbA, atpB-rbcL, petD-exon2-rpoA, clpP-intron1 and clpP-exon2.These mutational hotpots could be used as polymorphic markers to resolve taxonomic discrepancies and biogeographical origin in genus Abelmoschus. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of 33 Malvaceae species indicated that they were well divided into six subfamilies, and genus Abelmoschus was a well-supported clade within genus Hibiscus.
High level risky sexual behavior among persons living with HIV in the urban setting of the highest HIV prevalent areas in Ethiopia: Implications for interventions
Authors: Wondemagegn Fekade , Berkessa Tsegaye
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Data on the sexual behavior among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) dwelling at HIV prevalent setting located at the periphery of Ethiopia is lacking. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate sexual practice of patients following their antiretroviral therapy (ART) service and factors affecting their behavior.

Materials and methods

A facility based cross-sectional study design was employed to assess risky sexual practice and associated factors among HIV positive adults attending ART clinics in Gambella town, Southwest Ethiopia. Risky sexual practice is defined as a custom of getting in at least one of the following practices such as condom-unprotected sex with any partner, having two or more sexual partners and practicing casual sex in the last three months. A total of 352 randomly selected clients were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the association between covariates and the outcome variable.

Results

Majority of the study participants were engaged at least in one of the risky sexual practices (79.8% confidence interval (CI): 75.3% - 83.9%). The multivariable analysis found that the odds of risky sexual practice were higher among individuals who use substances (‘khat’ users (AOR: 3.82, 95%CI:1.30–11.22), smoke cigarette (AOR:4.90, 95%CI:1.19–12.60), consume alcohol (AOR: 2.59, 95%CI:1.28–5.21)); those who never discuss about safe sex with their partner/s (AOR: 2.21, 95%CI:1.16–4.21); those who have been in attachment for longer duration (more than four years) with their partner (AOR: 3.56, 95%CI: 1.32–9.62); and groups who desire to bear children in their future life (AOR: 3.15, 95%CI:1.40–7.04) as compared to their respective comparison groups.

Conclusions

A significant number of participants were engaged at least in one of the risky sexual practices which potentially result in super infection by a new or/and drug resistant viral strain/s, and onward transmission of the virus. Thus, an HIV intervention program which focuses on the identified factors has to be implemented to mitigate risk of unsafe sexual behavior of this population group and move towards ending the HIV/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) epidemic.
Human papillomavirus genotype distribution and factors associated among female sex workers in West Africa
Authors: Tounkara Fatoumata Korika , Téguété Ibrahima , Guédou Fernand A. , Goma-Matsétsé Ella , Koné Amadou , Béhanzin Luc , Traoré Sidy , Aza-Gnandji Marlène , Keita Bintou , Guenoun Julie , Coutlée François , Alary Michel
Published: November 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to: (1) Estimate HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among female sex workers (FSWs) in Mali and Benin as well as the prevalence of multiple HPV type infections in this group, and (2) Identify potential risk factors associated with high-risk (HR) HPV infections.

Methods

We analyzed baseline data of 665 FSWs aged ≥ 18 years recruited during a prospective cohort of cervical cancer screening in Cotonou (Benin) and Bamako (Mali) from 2017 to 2018. The Linear Array HPV genotyping test was used to identify HPV genotypes. Descriptive statistics and multivariate log-binomial regression were used. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated to identify risk factors associated with HR-HPV infections.

Results

HPV data were available for 659 FSWs (Benin: 309; Mali: 350). The mean age was 35.0 years (± 10.7) in Benin and 26.8 years (± 7.6) in Mali. The overall HPV prevalence rates were 95.5% in Benin and 81.4% in Mali. About 87.7% and 63.4% of FSWs harbored ≥ 2 HPV types in Benin and Mali, respectively. The top three prevalent HR-HPV among FSWs in Benin were: HPV58 (37.5%), HPV16 (36.6%) and HPV52 (28.8%). Corresponding patterns in Mali were HPV16 (15.7%), HPV51 (14.3%) and HPV52 (12.9%). In Benin, the main factors associated with HR-HPV were vaginal douching (APR = 1.17; 95%CI:1.02–1.34) and gonococcal infection (APR = 1.16; 95%CI:1.04–1.28), while in Mali they were sex work duration ≤ 1 year (APR = 1.35; 95%CI:1.10–1.65) and HIV infection (APR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.06–1.51).

Conclusion

Our study found a very high prevalence of HPV infection as well as high frequency of multiple HPV type infections in FSWs in two countries in West Africa. These findings suggest the necessity to emphasize cervical cancer prevention in this high-risk group.
Investigating the effect of recall period on estimates of inpatient out-of-pocket expenditure from household surveys in Vietnam
Authors: Le Lan My , Flores Gabriela , Edejer Tessa Tan-Torres , Tran Toan Khanh , Nguyen Chuc Thi Kim , Tran Do Thanh , Ho Phuc Dang , Agorinya Isaiah Awintuen , Tediosi Fabrizio , Ross Amanda
Published: November 2020

Out-of-pocket payments (OOPs), direct payments by households or individuals for healthcare are part of the health financing landscape. Data on OOPs is needed to monitor progress in financial risk protection, and the evaluation of health financing policies. In low-and-middle-income countries, estimates of OOPs rely heavily on self-reported data from household surveys. These surveys require respondents to recall events in the past and can suffer from recall biases. This study investigates the effect of recall period on the agreement of the amount and timing of inpatient OOPs between household reports and provider records in Bavi, Vietnam. We recruited 1397 households for interview using records from the district hospital. The households were interviewed with identical questionnaires except that the recall period was either 12 or 6 months. We linked household with provider data and excluded medicine costs from both household and provider OOPs since they could be purchased outside the hospital. We estimated the effect of recall period on the overall mean and variability of ratios of household to hospital reported OOPs using the Bland-Altman approach for method comparison. We estimated the effect of recall period on whether a transaction was recalled correctly in expenditure and time using multinomial regression. The households reported higher amounts of OOPs than did the hospital for both recall periods. There was no evidence of an effect of recall period on the mean of the ratios of household- to hospital-reported OOPs, although the confidence intervals are not inconsistent with previous studies indicating higher OOPs for shorter recall periods. The geometric mean ratio for the 6-month period was estimated to be a multiple of 1.4 (95% CI 0.9, 2.1) times that of the 12-month period. Similarly, there was no evidence of an effect of recall period on the risk of reporting lower or higher amounts than provider OOPs. The occurrence and timing of inpatient stays generally recalled well, with 70% remembered in the correct month declining slightly over time. Respondents for the 6-month recall period had a significantly lower risk of failing to report the event (RR 0.8 (0.7, 1.0)). The results suggest the best recall period may depend on whether the purpose of a survey is for the recall of the timing of events, in which case the 6 month period may be better, or the amounts of OOPs, where there was no significant difference and the provider records are not a gold standard but the 12 month period had a tendency to be in closer agreement with the provider OOPs.
Hyposalivation, oral health, and Candida colonization in independent dentate elders
Authors: Buranarom Nada , Komin Orapin , Matangkasombut Oranart
Published: November 2020

Hyposalivation is an important problem in elders and could interfere with several oral functions and microbial ecology. While the number of independent elders who retain more natural teeth increases worldwide, few studies examined hyposalivation in this population. Thus, this study aims to examine relationships between hyposalivation, oral health conditions and oral Candida colonization in independent dentate elders and evaluate factors associated with salivary flow and Candida carriage. We conducted a cross-sectional study in fifty-three dentate elders (≥65 years old with at least 4 pairs of posterior occlusal contacts) with no, or well-controlled, systemic conditions. Participants were interviewed for medical history, subjective dry mouth symptoms, oral hygiene practices and denture information. Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates, objective dry mouth signs, gingival, tongue-coating, and root-caries indices were recorded. Stimulated saliva was cultured on Sabouraud-dextrose agar for Candida counts. Candida species were identified using chromogenic Candida agar and polymerase chain reaction. Statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. The results showed that hyposalivation was associated with higher gingival and tongue-coating indices (p = 0.003 and 0.015, respectively), but not root-caries index. Hyposalivation was also associated with higher prevalence of oral Candida colonization (p = 0.010; adjusted OR = 4.36, 95% confidence interval = 1.29–14.72). These two indices and Candida load were negatively correlated with unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates. Interestingly, non-albicans Candida species were more prevalent in denture wearers (p = 0.017). Hence, hyposalivation is a risk factor for poorer oral health and oral Candida colonization in independent dentate elders. Because of its potential adverse effects on oral and systemic health, hyposalivation should be carefully monitored in elders.
Lessons learned from the effect of tight monetary conditions and crises on corporate capital structure
Authors: Gergelyné Kása Marianna
Published: November 2020

The study reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on the effect of tight monetary conditions, crisis on corporate capital structure, further creates a framework for analyzing their relation, as well as sheds light on the lessons learned and open research areas. The results highlight that the supply side of capital has an effect on corporate capital structure, though the analysis of this relation is scarce. However, the impact of tight monetary conditions on capital structure is analyzed by several studies, there is limited evidence on the financial policy and the development of financing mix during a crisis period. The impact of the 2007/08 crisis on the corporate capital structure and especially in case of firms with impaired access to external financing is scarce. The study also highlights our lack in understanding of the relation of crisis and capital structure in case of the CEE region.
Adaptation and change in organizational learning research
Authors: Ferincz Adrienn
Published: November 2020

To understand the role of organizational learning in the organization’s endeavor to overcome challenges, organizational learning research need to be spread out to the field of adaptation and change. This paper is the first part of a bigger empirical research, a literature review that examines the link between these topics and search for gaps in prior literature. However, these phenomena are closely related in the prior literature, the thinking about organizational learning is rather idealistic than reflective and there are still research gaps regarding the following questions: (1) Is there a need to examine internal organizational challenges from the organizational learning perspective? (2) How can the earlier organizational adaptation be characterized using the constructs of organizational learning? (3) Is the earlier adaptation process or organizational learning process always good and useful for the organization? Based on reviewing prior literature the author formulated an own organizational learning definition and identified future research directions in order to fill these gaps.
A szervezeti változással szembeni ellenállás mint természetes és szükségszerű gyászfolyamat
Authors: Pulinka Ágnes
Published: November 2020

A változás mint szervezet- és vezetéstudományi téma már régóta divatos, de napjainkra lett megkerülhetetlen azok számára, akik szervezetekkel vagy szervezetekben dolgoznak. A változással való személyes, érzelmi megküzdés és a gyászfolyamat közötti erőteljes hasonlóság sem újdonság, de a gyász egyik legismertebb nemzetközi szakértője, Elizabeth Kübler-Ross modelljének explicit vezetéstudományi alkalmazása a magyar szakirodalomban eddig hiánynak mutatkozott. A szerző cikkében ezt kívánja pótolni, s kifejezetten a vezetéstudomány és a változásmenedzsment aspektusából járja körbe a modellt. Milyen érzelmi reakciókra számíthat a vezető egy változási folyamatban a munkatársai részéről? Miért természetesek és szükségszerűek ezek a reakciók? Milyen megfontolásokat kell ezek tükrében tennie a különböző változásmenedzsment-lépések alkalmazásakor? Mire figyeljen, és mit kerüljön el mindenképpen? Ezekre a kérdésekre igyekszik válaszolni a szerző egy folyóiratcikk adta terjedelmi korlátok között tudományos alapossággal.
Breve abordagem acerca da trajetória evolutiva do ensino de artes
Authors: Ceccon Fátima Agrizzi , Souza Giselle Sequim , Oliveira Sabrina Rosa de , Sant'Anna Tatiane Keila de Moura
Published: November 2020

Analisar os percursos cronológicos da concepção do ensino de Artes enquanto componente curricular obrigatório no contexto escolar, desde o início do estudo da arte até a era vigente, implica compreender que todas as políticas educacionais e o corpo docente precisaram se adequar até que fosse possível utilizar as novas tecnologias como ferramenta de facilitação do ensino da arte e das suas diversas manifestações como expressão da cultura artística, social e econômica de um povo. Muitos são os tópicos que devem ser considerados no decorrer das propostas políticas educacionais envoltas no processo de oferta na grade curricular obrigatória o ensino de Artes, inclusive porque no início do processo a Arte era algo elitizado que depois passou a ser concebida como manifestação cultural que se apresenta ou desenvolve sob diversas produções e que deveria ser ensinada.
“Se esta rua fosse minha...”
Authors: Soares Lara Carolina dos Reis , Martins Denise Andrade de Freitas
Published: November 2020

Este texto, um relato de experiência, busca compartilhar o processo e os resultados de uma atividade de extensão universitária envolvendo música, teatro e literatura, da qual participaram professores e estudantes da universidade, da escola de educação básica, da escola de pessoas com deficiências e da escola de música, todas localizadas em uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais. De modo a suscitar reflexões acerca das possibilidades e dificuldades de realização de práticas como essa, o referencial teórico se sustenta nos conceitos de práticas sociais e processos educativos de Oliveira et al. (2014), dialogicidade de Freire (2005) e interação social de Vygotsky (1998; 2001). Na medida em que as atividades foram desenvolvidas, tanto os/a professores/as como as crianças interagiram, ensinando e aprendendo uns com os outros, encenando, cantando e tocando. Desse modo, práticas sociais envolvendo processos de construção-reconstrução de performance em artes demandam entrega, prontidão, compromisso, paixão pelo que se realiza e, principalmente, amor ao outro, baseado na confiança e esperança de que todos nós somos capazes; daí o valor da educação.
América Latina y la Prehistoria del Derecho Penal Internacional
Authors: Quintana Francisco José
Published: November 2020

En pleno auge del liberalismo internacional de los años 1990, el derecho penal internacional emergió como una crucial respuesta a las atrocidades. Para los especialistas, este rol es la continuación de una trayectoria que comenzó con el juicio de Núremberg, y que fue congelada por la Guerra Fría. En primer lugar, este artículo reconstruye la narrativa tradicional de la disciplina e identifica formas alternativas de pensar esta historia a la luz del “giro histórico” en el derecho internacional. En segundo lugar, contra esta narrativa, demuestra que desarrollos que tuvieron lugar en América Latina desde los años 1970 forman parte de la prehistoria del derecho penal internacional. Por último, argumenta que concebir a estos desarrollos como parte de la historia del derecho penal internacional podría ayudarnos a entender mejor tanto a la historia de los derechos humanos en América Latina como a la política del propio derecho penal internacional.
Hacia una reinterpretación de la noción de víctima en los estudios de la violencia contra las mujeres
Authors: Palumbo Mariana
Published: November 2020

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Reducing Barriers to Healthcare for Rural Homeless Individuals and Families: Experiences 0f Community Health Nursing Students
Authors: Garner Linda
Published: November 2020

Presented at the 2014 International Rural Health & Rural Nursing Research Conference Co-Sponsored by the Montana State University College of Nursing and the Rural Nurse Organization (RN0).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14574/ojrnhc.v15i1.377
Partnership for Healthier Rural Communities
Authors: Lyons Peg , Crow Carolyn , Dunn Linda , Edwards Becky , Graves Ann , Shelton Mitch , Dunkin Jeri
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this project was to assess the health status of residents of a small rural community with limited health resources while providing a teaching-learning environment that increases students’ knowledge and skills relative to nursing in a rural community. Twenty-two men, 45 women, and six children participated in a one-day health fair sponsored by a school of nursing. Results indicated that participants need assistance with health promotion in several areas: weight loss/obesity, blood sugar control, lowering cholesterol levels, vision and hearing follow-up, and further screening and possible treatment for depression. Students who conducted the health fair were asked to complete a short questionnaire examining their beliefs related to the usefulness of the health fair. Responses were generally positive; however, some students rated the health fair negatively. Recommendations are given for concentrated follow-up with the study participants as well as suggestions for increasing student assessment of the usefulness of this activity. Keywords: rural nursing, health fair, health promotion, nursing clinics, health risk appraisalhttp://dx.doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhcv2i2.467
An Experimental Study on the Performance Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with ULSD-Biodiesel Blends
Authors: Tran Viet Dung , Le Anh Tuan , Hoang Anh Tuan
Published: November 2020

As a rule, the highest permissible sulfur content in the marine fuel must drop below 0.5% from 1 January 2020 for global fleets. As such, ships operating in emission control areas must use low sulfur or non-sulfur fuel to limit sulfur emissions as a source of acid rain. However, that fact has revealed two challenges for the operating fleet: the very high cost of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) and the installation of the fuel conversion system and the ULSD cooling system. Therefore, a solution that blends ULSD and biodiesel (BO) into a homogeneous fuel with properties equivalent to that of mineral fuels is considered to be significantly effective. In the current work, an advanced ultrasonic energy blending technology has been applied to assist in the production of homogeneous ULSD-BO blends (ULSD, B10, B20, B30, and B50 with blends of coconut oil methyl ester with ULSD of 10%, 20%, 30% and 50% by volume) which is supplied to a small marine diesel engine on a dynamo test bench to evaluate the power and torque characteristics, also to consider the effect of BO fuel on specific fuel consumption exhaust gas temperature and brake thermal efficiency. The use of the ultrasonic mixing system has yielded impressive results for the homogeneous blend of ULSD and BO, which has contributed to improved combustion quality and thermal efficiency. The results have shown that the power, torque, and the exhaust gas temperature, decrease by approximately 9%, 2%, and 4% respectively with regarding the increase of the blended biodiesel rate while the specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency tends to increase of around 6% and 11% with those blending ratios.
Aggregated deletion propagation for counting conjunctive query answers
Authors: Hu Xiao , Sun Shouzhuo , Patwa Shweta , Panigrahi Debmalya , Roy Sudeepa
Published: November 2020

We investigate the computational complexity of minimizing the source side-effect in order to remove a given number of tuples from the output of a conjunctive query. This is a variant of the well-studied
deletion propagation
problem, the difference being that we are interested in removing the smallest subset of input tuples to remove a given number of output tuples while deletion propagation focuses on removing a specific output tuple. We call this the
Aggregated Deletion Propagation
problem. We completely characterize the poly-time solvability of this problem for arbitrary conjunctive queries without self-joins. This includes a poly-time algorithm to decide solvability, as well as an exact structural characterization of NP-hard instances. We also provide a practical algorithm for this problem (a heuristic for NP-hard instances) and evaluate its experimental performance on real and synthetic datasets.
KCC2 Chloride Transport Contributes to the Termination of Ictal Epileptiform Activity
Authors: Dzhala Volodymyr I. , Staley Kevin J.
Published: November 2020

Recurrent seizures intensely activate GABAAreceptors (GABAA-Rs), which induces transient neuronal chloride ([Cl–]i) elevations and depolarizing GABA responses that contribute to the failure of inhibition that engenders further seizures and anticonvulsant resistance. The K+-Cl–cotransporter KCC2 is responsible for Cl–extrusion and restoration of [Cl–]iequilibrium (ECl) after synaptic activity, but at the cost of increased extracellular potassium which may retard K+-Cl–extrusion, depolarize neurons, and potentiate seizures. Thus, KCC2 may either diminish or facilitate seizure activity, and both proconvulsant and anticonvulsant effects of KCC2 inhibition have been reported. It is now necessary to identify the loci of these divergent responses by assaying both the electrographic effects and the ionic effects of KCC2 manipulation. We therefore determined the net effects of KCC2 transport activity on cytoplasmic chloride elevation and Cl–extrusion rates during spontaneous recurrent ictal-like epileptiform discharges (ILDs) in organotypic hippocampal slicesin vitro, as well as the correlation between ionic and electrographic effects. We found that the KCC2 antagonist VU0463271 reduced Cl–extrusion rates, increased ictal [Cl–]ielevation, increased ILD duration, and induced status epilepticus (SE). In contrast, the putative KCC2 upregulator CLP257 improved chloride homeostasis and reduced the duration and frequency of ILDs in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate that measuring both the ionic and electrographic effects of KCC2 transport clarify the impact of KCC2 modulation in specific models of epileptiform activity. Anticonvulsant effects predominate when KCC2-mediated chloride transport rather than potassium buffering is the rate-limiting step in restoring ECland the efficacy of GABAergic inhibition during recurrent ILDs.
Memory Reactivation during Learning Simultaneously Promotes Dentate Gyrus/CA2,3Pattern Differentiation and CA1Memory Integration
Authors: Molitor Robert J. , Sherrill Katherine R. , Morton Neal W. , Miller Alexandra A. , Preston Alison R.
Published: November 2020

Events that overlap with previous experience may trigger reactivation of existing memories. However, such reactivation may have different representational consequences within the hippocampal circuit. Computational theories of hippocampal function suggest that dentate gyrus and CA2,3(DG/CA2,3) are biased to differentiate highly similar memories, whereas CA1may integrate related events by representing them with overlapping neural codes. Here, we tested whether the formation of differentiated or integrated representations in hippocampal subfields depends on the strength of memory reactivation during learning. Human participants of both sexes learned associations (AB pairs, either face-shape or scene-shape), and then underwent fMRI scanning while they encoded overlapping associations (BC shape-object pairs). Both before and after learning, participants were also scanned while viewing indirectly related elements of the overlapping memories (A and C images) in isolation. We used multivariate pattern analyses to measure reactivation of initial pair memories (A items) during overlapping pair (BC) learning, as well as learning-related representational change for indirectly related memory elements in hippocampal subfields. When prior memories were strongly reactivated during overlapping pair encoding, DG/CA2,3and subiculum representations for indirectly related images (A and C) became less similar, consistent with pattern differentiation. Simultaneously, memory reactivation during new learning promoted integration in CA1, where representations for indirectly related memory elements became more similar after learning. Furthermore, memory reactivation and subiculum representation predicted faster and more accurate inference (AC) decisions. These data show that reactivation of related memories during new learning leads to dissociable coding strategies in hippocampal subfields, in line with computational theories.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe flexibility of episodic memory allows us to remember both the details that differentiate similar events and the commonalities among them. Here, we tested how reactivation of past experience during new learning promotes formation of neural representations that might serve these two memory functions. We found that memory reactivation during learning promoted formation of differentiated representations for overlapping memories in the dentate gyrus/CA2,3and subiculum subfields of the hippocampus, while simultaneously leading to the formation of integrated representations of related events in subfield CA1. Furthermore, memory reactivation and subiculum representation predicted success when inferring indirect relationships among events. These findings indicate that memory reactivation is an important learning signal that influences how overlapping events are represented within the hippocampal circuit.
An Analysis of Bond Market Liquidity and Real Sector Output in Selected African Economies
Authors: Eke Patrick O. , Adetiloye Kehinde A , Adegbite Esther O
Published: November 2020

There is increasing traction in the literature on the activities of the secondary securities’ market especially with bonds on financial development, with little known on its functional linkage to real sector growth. Following popular theories on bond financing, this study sought to fill this gap by examining if functional tie exists between the secondary bond markets and real sector output among fourteen African countries with functional bond markets and complete data. Among the variables adapted for use are real gross domestic product per capital, corporate bond issues, industrial output, corporate bond turnover, financial education, electricity consumption and institutional quality. The study tested through unit roots to augmented Toda-Yamamoto non-causality and co-integration approach to investigate both the short- and long-term relationships among the different variables. A priori, it was expected that market information would engender capital raising through bond issues and fund allocation. The study however, discovers that corporate bond turnover does not cause industrial output growth, neither does it cause corporate bond issue. An important short run result indicates that the impact of financial education is gradually being felt in the bond markets. For most of the long-run relationships, the study accepted the Null hypothesis. This implies that the investing public do not absorb the usefulness of the market information, which may explain the thinness and shallowness of African corporate bond market overtime. The liquidity signalling effects is however found to influence regulatory institutional quality in the long-run. An accelerated financial market liberalization and tax incentives for private sector provision of market infrastructure are recommended among others for improvement in the African bond markets investigated, among others.
SOCIOPSYCHODRAMA: Protagonist-centered sociopsychodrama
Authors: Alves Luís Falivene
Published: November 2020

Sociopsychodrama, as a group intervention method, enables directing strategies referenced to different approaches that prioritize protagonization, sociometry, or the spontaneous theater, among other probable theories. This article will highlight protagonist-centered sociopsychodrama, illustrated by a session held at the XV Brazilian Psychodrama Conference’s opening. It will also address the protagonist’s concepts, protagonic theme, protagonic agent, the description of the several phases and their processing, and the identification of the protagonist of the sociopsychodrama held.
El e-learning como potenciador de las habilidades blandas en la enseñanza de las ciencias de la administración: el caso de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia UNED de Costa Rica
Authors: Mora Vicarioli Francisco , Arce Solano Jorge
Published: November 2020

Soft skills are competencies that have taken a leading role in the business and working world for a proper performance in different disciplinary areas. The professionals in administration sciences do not escape this important need; in this research, the use of the virtual modality (e-learning) and its support in the teaching of the aforementioned sciences is described to foster the development of soft skills in students from the Distance State University of Costa Rica (UNED). The collaboration of 32 professionals in the field of administration with both professional and university teaching experience was obtained, which provided findings, such as recognition of the relevance of e-learning for the development of technological skills and soft skills; in the latter, time management and communication in different ways stood out. There was also the participation of 51 students of administration sciences who contributed points of view and allowed a contrast with the teaching perspective. Some challenges that are proposed are the need for training in this regard and the short time in the academic period available to include activities that strengthen these skills or abilities.
La democracia rural en el aula: ideología, debate y cuestionamiento actual de los estudios sociales
Authors: López López Maximiliano
Published: November 2020

This essay seeks to demonstrate that the ideological role of the teaching of Social Studies is not new despite having been presented as such in 2018 by the media and the political class. In order to do so, first, the topics of ideology, hegemony, and education will be touched on to establish some theoretical elements that can help understand this relationship. Next, this paper will show that, since its inception as a school subject, Social Studies markedly emphasized national history and the democratic values associated with a colonial, independent past, supposedly characterized by consensus and equality. Then, some study programs for this subject subsequent to 1970 are revisited in order to show the ideological load that the state assigned to this subject. Finally, this essay seeks to put forward that the debate on the ideological role of Social Studies emerged in a historic moment in which professionals in education have taken on critical pedagogy as their main dissent tool.
Factores que dificultan el aprendizaje de la filosofía en los estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Rangel Díaz Gabriela
Published: November 2020

This investigative work aims at identifying the factors that hinder Philosophy learning in students from Universidad Teológica de América Central (UTAC). This study was conducted with the participation of eighteen students (mostly foreign) and seven faculty from the School of Philosophy; two focus groups with the students were done, and in-depth interviews were carried out with the faculty. All the students were male belonging to different religious congregations. The findings show the main cultural, reading comprehension, course failure, educational system provenance, pedagogical, and personal factors that hinder Philosophy learning from the perspective of both university faculty and students.
ON LITERATURE AND GRAMMAR: A Selection of Annotated Medieval and Renaissance English Texts for (Spanish) University Students
Authors: Chocano Díaz Gema , Hernando Real Noelia
Published: November 2020

On Literature and Grammar gives students and instructors a carefully thought experience to combine their learning of Middle and Early Modern English and Medieval and Renaissance English Literature. The selection of texts, which include the most commonly taught works in university curricula, allows readers to understand and enjoy the evolution of the English language and the main writers and works of these periods, from William Langland to Geoffrey Chaucer, from Sir Philip Sidney to Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, and from Christopher Marlowe to William Shakespeare. Fully annotated and written to answer the real needs of current Spanish university students, these teachable texts include word-by-word translations into Present Day English and precise introductions to their linguistic and literary contexts.
Manifestation of the channeling effect when manufacturing JFET transistors
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prospect Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Verbitskiy V.G. , Voevodin S.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prospect Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Fedulov V.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Kalistyi G.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Verbitskiy D.O. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prospect Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2020

TThe proposed work covers the tasks of such areas as reducing input currents and bias voltage of integrated operational amplifiers (ICs OA) manufactured according to BiFET technology, the prospect of using JFET transistors in digital circuit technology, Si CMOS technology at 22 nm node and beyond, manufacturing bipolar transistors on ultra-thin layers of the active base and emitter, increasing resistance of ICs to external influences. The main method of experimental investigation of channeling is the construction of impurity distribution profiles using SIMS. In this work to study the channeling effect of boron and phosphorus in silicon was chosen the method for constructing the response surface of the saturation current of JFET for a silicon wafer. The choice of method was based on the high sensitivity of the cut-off voltage and saturation current of the JFET transistor to the channel thickness and impurity concentration in it, the relative simplicity of performance and practical benefits in improving BiFET technology.
Localized surface plasmon resonance nanochips with molecularly imprinted polymer coating for explosives sensing
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Chegel V.I. ,   Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13, Volodymyrska str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Lopatynskyi A.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine,   Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64/13, Volodymyrska str., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine, Lytvyn V.K. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Demydov P.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Martínez-Pastor J.P. ,   University of Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain, Abargues R. ,   University of Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain, Gadea E.A. ,   University of Valencia, 46980, Paterna, Spain, Piletsky S.A. ,   University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
Published: November 2020

Sensor elements based on localized surface plasmon resonance phenomenon in arrays of Au nanostructures on glass substrates (nanochips) with molecularly imprinted acrylamide copolymer coating have been proposed for explosives analogues sensing in liquid and vapor phase. Nanochips exhibited detection limits of 1 pM in aqueous solution and 0.1 ppm in gaseous state against 4-nitrophenol. Vapor phase sensing of 4-nitrotoluene, 1-nitronaphthalene and 5-nitroisoquinoline using the developed 4-nitrophenol-imprinted plasmonic nanochips demonstrated partially selective response with time to signal saturation starting from 2 minutes.
First illustrated report of Batocera lineolata Chevrolat, 1852 (Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Batocerini) from India
Authors: Boyane Swapnil S. , Subba Barkha , Dharma Rajan Priyadarsanan , Ghate Hemant V.
Published: November 2020

We report Batocera lineolata Chevrolat, 1852, based on four records, from Manipur and Nagaland states in Northeast India. These records are the first time this species has been found in India. We also provide a brief redescription of B. lineolata.
Pengendali PID pada Motor DC dan Tuning Menggunakan Metode Differential Evolution (DE)
Authors: Anggraini Siti Fatimah , Ma'arif Alfian , Puriyanto Riky Dwi
Published: November 2020

Penggunaan PID controller pada sistem industri sangat umum digunakan dalam menentukan kepresisian suatu feedback yang diberikan dengan keluaran sesuai dengan keinginan pengguna. Namun pada umumnya optimalisasi masih menggunakan cara manual yaitu trial dan error pada tuning gain terhadap nilai Kp, Ki, dan Kd. Kendala tersebut dapat diatasi dengan melakukan pendekatan fungsi dan mengaplikasikan nilai tuning dengan metode Diferensial Evolusi. Penggunaaan tuning PID pada implementasinya menggunakan motor DC untuk menentukan kecepatan putar motor dengan keluaran yang stabil. Hasil yang didapatkan berupa sinyal keluaran atau respon sistem terhadap putaran motor DC dengan menampilkan nilai risetime, settlingtime, dan overshoot. Pengoptimalan nilai dilakukan dengan pencarian nilai terbaik pada setiap iterasi dan diaplikasikan sebagai tuning Kp, Ki, dan Kd tanpa harus melakukan cara manual. Hasil pengujian parameter Diferensial Evolusi menunjukkan efesiensi pengoptimalan tuning dan memberikan hasil keluaran yang baik dengan implementasinya terhadap plan hardware motor DC. The use of PID in industrial systems is very commonly used in determining the optimal accuracy of the output. However, several studies still uses manual methods for the optimization, namely trial and error on tuning gain with values of Kp, Ki, and Kd. This problem could be overcome applying the tuning value with the Evolution Differential method. The use of PID tuning in its implementation in this study uses a DC motor to determine the rotational speed of the motor with a stable output. Based on the results, we can see the value of rise time, settling time, and overshoot based on an output signals. The optimization was done by finding the best value in iteration and applying it as Kp, Ki, and Kd tuning without having to do the manual method. The results of testing the Differential Evolution parameters show the efficiency of tuning optimization and provide good output with the implementation of the DC motor hardware plan.
A lexicographical order induced by Schauder bases
Authors: TAN Neset
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we show that every Banach space with a Schauder basis can be seen as a totally ordered vector space. Indeed, this order can be considered as a lexicographical order since it is a generalization of lexicographical order in $\mathbb{R}^{n}.$ We also provide order structural properties of the order by approaching geometrical (cone) sense.
Hypercyclic operators for iterated function systems
Authors: SALMAN Mohammad , DAS Ruchi
Published: November 2020

In this paper we introduce and study the notion of hypercyclicity for iterated function systems (IFS) of operators. We prove that for a linear IFS, hypercyclicity implies sensitivity and if an IFS is abelian, then hypercyclicity also implies multi-sensitivity and hence thick sensitivity. We also give some equivalent conditions for hypercyclicity as well as weakly mixing for an IFS of operators.