bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Health-Care Workers in African Countries
Authors: Olashore Anthony A. , Akanni Oluyemi O. , Fela-Thomas Ayodele L. , Khutsafalo Kadimo
Published: July 2021

In Africa, a systematic appraisal of the associated pattern of psychiatric disorders (PDs) among health-care workers (HCWs) is lacking. We, therefore, aimed to ascertain the pattern of PDs and their associated risk factors among HCWs in Africa during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. We identified 12 studies for inclusion after searching four databases: Web of Science, PubMed, AJOL, and EBSCOhost for articles written in English from January 2020 to April 2021. Anxiety disorder with rates from 9.5% to 73.3% and depression, 12.5% to 71.9%, were the most reported PDs. Availability of protective gear and information regarding preventive measures reduced the risk of developing any PDs, while psychoactive substance use, history of chronic medical illness, low level of resilience, and low social support increased these risks. A considerable proportion of HCWs manifest various psychological problems such as their counterparts in other parts of the world. Multiple factors were also implicated as risk, albeit associations were not consistently established across the studies. There is a need to increase research capacity tailored to the HCW population's needs in the continent.
El papel de las personalidades de radio como prescriptores de complementos alimenticios. Un análisis de las declaraciones de propiedades saludables (H-RCs) en las menciones de radio en España
Authors: García-Arranz Ana , Perelló-Oliver Salvador , Muela-Molina Clara
Published: July 2021

Introducción: Los anunciantes utilizan testimoniales debido a su potencial en términos de persuasión y eficacia del mensaje. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las declaraciones de propiedades saludables en la publicidad de complementos alimenticios estableciendo la relación entre las personalidades de radio y la información relacionada con la salud. Metodología: Se realizó un análisis de contenido de todas las menciones radiales —con un corpus final de 437— emitidas en 2017 en las tres emisoras de radio generalista con mayor audiencia. Resultados: Predominan los locutores de radio (55%) sobre los colaboradores (45%), siendo las declaraciones funcionales el tipo más prevalente (99,5%), seguido de las declaraciones de enfermedad, prohibidas por ley. Los colaboradores mencionan reclamos no autorizados con mayor frecuencia que los locutores. En relación a la información obligatoria sobre el contenido del producto, el 79% de las menciones no refiere ningún mineral que sustente sus supuestos beneficios. Discusión: Los anunciantes explotan la credibilidad de los líderes de opinión para respaldar los complementos alimenticios. Estas figuras son claramente inadecuadas para recomendar estos productos, ya que pueden implicar un gran riesgo para la salud de los consumidores. El uso significativo e ilícito de estas declaraciones exige una legislación más restrictiva y mecanismos de control más estrictos por parte de las autoridades autorreguladoras. Conclusiones: Si bien los anunciantes son los únicos responsables del anuncio, la responsabilidad debe extenderse a los responsables de los medios y personalidades de la radio, debido a su influencia social, para una mayor protección contra la publicidad ilícita.
Case Report: Khat Chewing and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Two Young Men without Underlying Risk Factors
Authors: Hussen Ahmed Abdulahi , Hussien Foziya Mohammed , Yusuf Nejib , Ahmed Aragaw Yimer , Hassen Hamid Yimam
Published: July 2021

Khat (Catha edulis) chewing is linked to several social, psychological, and health-related problems. Studies show that khat is associated with gastrointestinal and nervous system diseases. However, little is known about khat’s effect on the cardiovascular system. This case report describes acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among two young adults who chew khat frequently, but who do not have underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Case 1 is a 29-year-old apparently healthy man who presented with severe, squeezing, left-side chest pain after consumption of khat. Most of the laboratory results were within the normal range except for his serum troponin level, which was 400 times more than the normal limit. The patient was diagnosed with Killip class IV, ST-segment elevation, anteroseptal AMI. Case 2 is a 25-year-old man who is a frequent khat chewer. He presented with sudden-onset, severe, squeezing, retrosternal chest pain after khat chewing and vigorous activity. The patient was diagnosed with (Killip class III) acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction with cardiogenic pulmonary edema. These case reports describe two young adult male patients who were confirmed of having AMI with no known risk factors. Both cases had a similar history of frequent khat chewing and the onset of AMI after it, implying that khat could be an important CVD risk factor among young adults. Hence, it is essential to explore further the epidemiology and association between khat use and AMI. Both molecular and population-level studies could help to establish the causal relationship of khat and CVD.
Research on Hungarian Female Teachers' Mental Hygiene State With Special Regard to the Development of their Professional and Female Identity
Authors: Borbáth Katalin
Published: July 2021

We worked with the fact that, nowadays, the majority of teachers in schools are female, so the aim of our research became to assess the general state of mental hygiene in female teachers, and its causal relations. In this study we presented the may-sided, diversified roots of the research, based on positive, Jungian and personal psychology, educational researches on teachers personality, gender issues in education. We also exhibited the connected studies on stress and burn out mostly in connection to teachers and the field of education. The research has a specific focus on female teachers' mental hygiene states in connection with their developing professional and female identity. We pointed out some connections of our main points of examination and the Finnish teacher training practice, too. As a main hypothesis we presume that just a certain group of female teachers are in a state of fragile mental hygiene. In the detailed hypotheses we are looking for evidence that the mental hygiene state shows differences between certain groups among female teachers. The best way for examination appeared to be by using two validated (MBI-ES, LOT-R) and two personal creating questionnaires (BÉIK, SzSzK, only in Hungarian), as a comparative survey. On the whole, our starting assumption has been proved, that female teachers' mental hygiene state in our meaning the level of burnout and psychological well-being are in connection with the level of the elaboration of their professional and female identity.
Optimal Transportation System & Resilience: A Study of Sindhudurg District Cashew Industry
Authors: Shinde Dr. Shilpa C. , Balasubramanian N.
Published: July 2021

Value chains have increased in intricacy and length in recent decades as firms prepare to tackle expanding globalisation with increased peripheral advancements. This involves the adoption of leaner supply chains as well as the formation of ecosystems that provide a stable environment and a constant flow of operations. However, because disruptions are inevitable in today's world, the operational models must be tuned to handle any risks. Complex production networks are designed for a variety of reasons, including cost, proximity to markets, and mass standardisation, but not necessarily for transparency or resilience. Any organization's supply chain operations can be a cause of vulnerability or resilience, depending on its capacity to assess risks, adopt risk mitigation methods, and develop effective business continuity plans. Transportation is the most important component in value chains, and transportation resilience is critical in recovering production networks through precise scheduling and achieving resilience indicators such as lowest trip time, minimum cost, and route optimization, among others. The goal of this research is to clarify the key issues in network restoration scheduling and to offer a unique resilience-based optimization model for post-disaster transportation network restoration, in order to clear up theoretical and empirical ambiguity. Cashew industry which is seasonal as well as face many disruptions in production and processing stages was considered for the study. The study's objectives are (a) Study resilience indexes and its influence on transportation system optimization and (b) Study influence of resilience indexes on industry-based challenges with cashew product. The study objectives were addressed utilising an optimization model based on OR techniques and computer programming. The ideal solution for transportation cost, time, and efficiency can be obtained with the least amount of adjustment and analysis time, allowing cashew farmers to take advantage of transportation resilience and earn financial and environmental benefits.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Ficus Sycomorus L. (Moraceae) Extracts on some Dermatophytic Fungi
Authors: Umar, L  , Mansir L.  , Sani MG
Published: July 2021

Ficus sycomorus L is a large, semi-deciduous spreading savannah tree that belongs to the family (Moraceae) is used by many tribes in the treatments of skin infections. The aim of this study was to carry out phytochemical analysis and antifungal evaluation of F. sycomorus L. stem and leaf Methanol extract on some dermatophytic fungi. The stem and leaf crude extracts were obtained after drying using maceration and percolation with methanol as the solvent. The extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening as well as GC-MS analysis for the presence of bioactive constituents. The antifungal inhibitory effect of the crude stem and leaf extracts was assessed by agar well diffusion methods. The phytochemical screening revealed that the leaves and stem-bark contained secondary metabolites such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, reducing sugar and steroid. The GC-MS assay showed that the most prevailing compound in the methanolic stem-bark extract was 2, 9, Diazabicyclo (4, 4, 0) decane-3,10 dione, while in the methanolic leaves extract was acetic acid. The anti-dermatophytic assay of the extracts against Microsporum canis and Tricophyton tonsurans showed that the extracts inhibited the fungi with zones of inhibitions ranging from 6.33±0.47 to 24.33±0.47mm with the leaf extract exhibiting higher inhibition zones than the stem extract (p˂0.01). The study shows that both the stem and leaf methanol extract of Ficus sycomorus L possesses antifungal activity and should be considered as a potential antifungal agent in search of newer agents to address dermatophytic fungal infections
Proposed Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) Plan for Production of Ready-to-Drink Fura-Da-Nono- A Review
Authors: Abdullahi, N.  , Ndife, J.  , Umar, N. B.
Published: July 2021

The article intended to provide a concise and affluent proposal for the development of HACCP plan in the production of ready-to-drink Fura-da-Nono using information from reputable literature and guidelines recommend by food regulatory bodies. Poor personal hygiene, low quality raw materials and the rudimentary operations involved in the traditional processing of ready-to-drink Fura-da-Nono accounts for inconsistent quality, shorter shelf-life, poor hygiene and unacceptable qualities. During processing, materials are exposed to filthy processing environment, contaminated water, unclean processing equipment and contaminated packaging and storage containers. Application of HACCP guidelines in the production of ready-to-drink Fura-da-Nono will significantly improve its safety by assuring acceptance of only good quality raw materials and ensuring adequate processing along the production chain. These will not only guarantee the  safety of the finished product, but will also ensure better nutritional qualities and acceptable organoleptic properties.
Antibacterial Activity of Some Herbal Extracts for the Treatment of Typhoid Fever Sold in Okitipupa Town, Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: Adeyemo I.A  , Omolade C. O
Published: July 2021

The study investigated and compared the antimicrobial potency of aqueous (cold and hot) and ethanolic extracts of six plant parts used as herbal mixture against clinical isolate of Salmonella typhi in Okitipupa town. Extracts from six plant parts used as herbal mixture were tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi isolated from patients suffering from typhoid fever. The antibacterial activities of each of the extracts (ethanolic, cold and hot waters) were determined using agar diffusion method and the activities produced zone of inhibition ranging from 20mm-34mm. Ethanolic extract was found to be more potent being capable of exerting significant inhibitory activity on the test organism investigated with an inhibition zone of 34mm followed by the cold-water extract (28mm) while hot water extract gave the least (20mm). The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, glucosinolates and triterpenes in the extracts but total absence of proteins. The study confirms the medicinal value of herbal mixtures and justifies the claim of its local use in health remedies for typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi. There is the need therefore to develop effective combination of antimicrobial agents in purified form from higher plants and their parts for clinical trials.
Removal of Lead Ions from Water Using Pellet Generated from Bacillus subtilis Isolated from Gold Mining Site in Niger State
Authors: Gana, A. J.  , Tijjani, M. B.  , Akinyelure, E. O.
Published: July 2021

Abstract

This work concentrated on the isolation of lead tolerant strains of bacteria, identification of the isolated strain with the highest lead tolerance capacity using microgen identification kit. Also,  the efficacy of the generated pellet (dead cell) in the bioremoval of lead from aqueous solutions was determined. A total of nine bacteria were isolated from soil collected from gold mining site in Kontagora metropolis, Niger State. Of the nine isolates, only Bacillus subtilis (KO1) possess high tolerance capacity for high levels of lead ions. The pellet generated from the Bacillus subtilis (KO1) strain was then used to adsorb lead ions from synthetic ion solutions. The isolate's removal efficiency was enhanced by optimizing several physical conditions (pH, temperature, initial lead concentration and contact time). The best optimized adsorption removal efficiency (>90%) was found at pH 3, temperature 40oC with 100 mg/L of initial concentration of lead after 3 hours of treatment. The use of the pellet generated from eco-friendly Bacillus subtilis (KO1) has great potential and additional benefits in terms of lead removal.
Оценка и прогнозирование развития мирового рынка такси
Authors: Блудян Н.О.
Published: July 2021

В статье выполнена оценка развития рынка сетевых таксомоторных компаний (Uber, Lyft и т.д.) в США, Европе и Азии. Проанализирован опыт введения закона АВ5 штата Калифорния, затрагивающего деятельность агрегаторов вызова такси и традиционного легкового такси. Построены прогнозные варианты развития таксомоторной отрасли в России в целом и в Москве. Разработаны предложения по проблемам регулирования таксомоторной деятельности в РФ.
Выгоды и потери европейских стран от газопровода Северный поток-2: обзор оценок ученых и энергетиков
Authors: Волконский В.А. , Кузовкин А.И.
Published: July 2021

Проект Северный поток-2 (СП-2) дает возможность значительно снизить затраты на газ стран Европейского Союза (ЕС). Проект стал одним из главных международных конфликтов между Россией и Западной Европой с одной стороны, и США, Польшей, странами Балтии с другой. Для США СП-2 является конкурентом для их поставок сжиженного природного газа (СПГ) в Европу.

Для плодотворного участия в исследовании этих проблем и научного обоснования экономических и геополитических преимуществ создания СП-2 для ЕС необходимы количественные оценки выгод и потерь, получаемых от этого разными группами европейских стран, при разных вариантах развития событий. Такие оценки имеются в исследованиях немецких [1] и венгерских [2] энергетиков. В настоящей статье рассмотрены вопросы влияния газопровода СП-2 на рынки природного газа стран ЕС. Новизна данной статьи состоит в анализе, сопоставлении и критической оценке математических моделей и результатов расчетов, имеющихся в этих исследованиях.
Институциональные барьеры для быстрорастущих компаний
Authors: Блохин А.А. , Лихачёв А.А.
Published: July 2021

В статье исследованы институциональные барьеры для быстрорастущих компаний на отраслевых и региональных рынках России. Обосновано применение ранг-размерного анализа для определения зоны искажения конкурентного поведения компаний и выявления барьеров входа в привилегированную часть рынка. Оценены различия распределений компаний по их размеру и выделены примеры отраслей в российской экономике, на которых сформировалась группа лидеров – до 10 компаний, «закрывающих» свою часть рынка от компаний-претендентов, а также отраслей, в которых подобная группа лидеров еще не сформировалась. Показано, как тормозится рост быстрорастущих компаний, по мере их приближения к барьерам. Подтверждается гипотеза о возможности использования рангового анализа для диагностики отраслей на предмет их монополизации, а также определения сфер для потенциальной поддержки быстрорастущих инновационных компаний и прогнозирования/поддержки появления региональных «чемпионов». Даны оценки и предложены рекомендации по отдельным секторам.
ŞER’İYYE SİCİLLERİ’NİN ARŞİV BELGELERİ ARASINDA OSMANLI SOSYO-EKONOMİ TARİHİ AÇISINDAN ÖNEMİ
Authors: AKYOL Sevil
Published: July 2021

Arşiv belgeleri bir devletin veya bir topluluğun yaşadığı döneme ışık tutan önemli kaynaklardır. Tarih bilimi açısından birincil kaynak olarak adlandırdığımız bu belgeler yazılış sebepleri ve ihtiva ettiği bilgiler bakımından farklı isimlerle literatürde yerlerini almışlardır. Tevârîh-i Âl-i’ler, Tahrir Defterleri, Mühimme Defterleri, Vakıf Defterleri ve Şer’iyye Sicilleri; Osmanlı devletinin idarî, siyasî, askerî, sosyal ve iktisadî yapısı hakkında bize yol gösteren önemli kaynaklardır. Bu ana kaynakların dışında farklı ihtivalarda (surname, ruznamçe vb.) birçok arşiv belgesi vardır. Fakat bizim önceliğimiz Osmanlı devletiyle hükmettiği toplum arasındaki hukuki, idari, sosyal ve iktisadi ilişkilerin nasıl yürütüldüğünü belgeleyen kadı sicillerinin önemini vurgulamaktır. Şer’iyye sicilleri Osmanlı devlet yapısı hakkında kesin bilgilerin ortaya konulması açısından elbette ki tek başına yeterli değildir. Ancak bireyin devletle, bireyin yöneticiyle veya bir topluluğun yönetenle, bireyin bireyle yaşadığı sorunları, haksızlığı; yapılan haksızlık durumunda verilen hüküm veya cezaları bu belgelerde görmekteyiz. Hazırladığımız bu çalışma, şer’iyye sicilleriyle ilgili bilgilerin dışında; tez çalışmamızda kullandığımız belgelerden de örnekler verilerek sicillerin ehemmiyetine dikkat çekmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
The role of vocational guidance in improving the quality of knowledge in mathematics
Authors: Nella  Fuatovna  Abayeva  , Lezzetzhan  Mukhamedzhanovna  Mustafina  , Rafkat  Abaev  , Bakhytzhan  Mukhamedzhanovna  Mustafina
Published: July 2021

"The role of vocational guidance in teaching mathematics in the educational process of economic specialties students is presented. The importance and necessity of obtaining high-quality knowledge of the mathematical approach by students of economic specialties is demonstrated. Today’s students, and in near future: specialists in the field of economics should be able to meet the high standards of the modern labor market; they must be interested in obtaining a higher level of knowledge. The issue of improving the quality of mathematical knowledge is quite acute, and as one of the ways is to stimulate the study of mathematical disciplines, the authors consider the introduction of a professionally-oriented textbook into the educational process. The article provides the structure of this textbook, which contains all the necessary theoretical material, key concepts, and questions for self-assessment, a list of references and a large number of professionally oriented tasks. "
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ВИРТУАЛЬНОГО МИРА В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ
Authors: Акерке Таукеновна Туймебекова  , Асылгул Тулепбергеновна Габдуллина
Published: July 2021

"В статье раскрыта актуальность и возможности интерактивной образовательной среды в любом пространстве. Виртуальный мир успешно применяется в учебных заведениях различных типов, а также может быть адаптирован к изучению учебных дисциплин. Внедрение в процесс обучения виртуального элемента, методов и средств обучения направлено на оптимизацию и интенсификацию учебно-познавательной деятельности обучаемых. Целью данного исследования было показать, что виртуальные возможности являются важным инструментом в современной образовательной практике, а также обеспечивают социализацию, так как имеют элементы игры и могут быть использованы как лаборатория для совместной работы преподавателя и студента, учителя и школьника. При этом в данном случае под виртуальной реальностью понимается особая информационная среда, в которой все объекты представлены в трех измерениях, присутствует широкая анимация, изменение изображений в режиме реального времени. Обоснованы физические возможности виртуальной реальности как метода, средства и технологии обучения. Также даны определения и показаны различия между различными видами современных виртуальных возможностей. "
Approaches to Web Service Composition for the Semantic Web
Authors: H. Ramadhan Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Abstract—Service composition is gaining popularity because a composite service can perform functions that an individual service cannot. There are multiple web services available on the web for different tasks. The semantic web is an advanced form of the current web in which all contents have well-defined meanings due to nature, allowing machines to process web contents automatically. A web service composition is a collection of web services that collaborate to achieve a common goal. They reveal the established methods for web service composition in both syntactic and semantic environments. In this study Initially, we identify the existing techniques used for the composition. We classified these approaches according to the processing of the service descriptions, which can be syntactic or semantic-based service processes. We have reviewed more than 14 articles in this domain and concluded the merits of the methodologies applied for the implementation of web service composition.
The SERIES model: Can a standardized approach benefit practitioner evaluation of emergency response systems?
Authors: Holdsworth, PhD David , Zagorecki, PhD Adam
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of a standardized model of data collection, storage, and interpretation to evaluate the organized response to emergencies. The Standardized Emergency Response Incident Evaluation System (SERIES) model was employed to support practitioner evaluation of a fire service response to a simulated high-rise building fire. A comprehensive dataset representing quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the emergency response is established through content analysis of documents produced during the response and interviews with responders post-incident. Data are encoded within a standardized framework employing network theory. This dataset is then evaluated by fire service subject matter experts to identify learning outcomes relevant to emergency response effectiveness and organizational development. The results demonstrate that emergency response management system data can be collected and stored within a standardized framework. The results also demonstrate that not only can the resultant dataset support the identification of a range of learning outcomes by fire service practitioners, but that this approach can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the response and deeper learning than that provided by existing evaluation methods.
The mental state of Americans amid the COVID-19 crisis: How socially vulnerable populations face greater disparities during and after a crisis
Authors: Dubois, MBA Elisabeth , Yuan, PhD Xiaojun (Jenny)
Published: July 2021

The coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) public health crisis has accentuated divides and caused millions of Americans to suffer from increased mental health challenges. Although these challenges are seen throughout the country, socially vulnerable populations including frontline workers, older adults, and children, among others, face increased risk of mental health issues. There has been a notable mental health crisis in the country due to the isolation, stay-at-home orders, and preventive measures put in place to curb the spread. This study investigates the mental health challenges that socially vulnerable populations often face during crises and presents the factors affecting these populations during (and following) the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on an analysis of these factors, several recommendations are made to aid emergency managers, public health officials, policymakers, and academics in better addressing mental health challenges as we continue to battle COVID-19 and in preparation for future public health crises.
Engaging the opioid epidemic head on: Improving proper disposal of unused opioid medications after surgery
Authors: Haverland, MD, MS Rachael , Luckritz, PharmD, RPh Todd , Lim, MPH Elisabeth , Buras, MS Matthew R. , Yi, MD Johnny
Published: July 2021

Background: Currently, in the United States, there is an epidemic of opioid abuse. While this problem is well known to the public due to significant media and political attention, patients are poorly educated on the proper handling and disposal of unused opioids. Instead, the onus has fallen on the healthcare provider to minimize the number of opioids prescribed.Study objective: To improve proper opioid disposal rates after gynecologic surgery by providing educational materials along with a disposal bag.Study design: We performed a prospective study evaluating baseline understanding of medication disposal using a questionnaire given to the patients during their preoperative visit. Subsequently, patients were provided written information on proper disposal of their medications and an activated charcoal medication disposal bag. Study patients completed a survey about disposal of their unused opioids at their last post-operative visit. The success of education and proper disposal of opioid medications were evaluated.Results: Thirty-five patients, average age of 45 (range 20-77), were enrolled, and 31 patients successfully completed both surveys. The surgeries performed included hysterectomy 23 percent (n = 7), laparoscopic excision of endometriosis 32 percent (n = 10), laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy 23 percent (n = 7), prolapse repair 3 percent (n = 1), and midurethral sling procedures 19 percent (n = 6). Chronic pelvic pain was identified in 39 percent (n = 12) of our patient population. Prior to education, 52 percent (n = 16) of patients did not dispose of their opioids. Furthermore, 71 percent (n = 22) of patients stated they had never been educated by a medical provider regarding appropriate disposal. Nineteen percent (n = 6) confirmed they have used an opioid medication prescribed to someone else. Demographic data show 65 percent (n = 20) of these patients had completed a college degree or greater. After education and being given a reliable option for medication disposal with the Deterra® bag, 94 percent (n = 29) of patients properly disposed of their opioids after surgery, demonstrating a 45 percent (p < 0.001) increase in proper disposal. In our study alone, 491 tablets of 5mg oxycodone were properly disposed. The majority of patients, 77 percent (n = 24) used the drug disposal bag, and when queried, stated they would be willing to pay on average $7.70 (range 0-20) per bag. Without education and a simple option for disposal, 422 tablets prescribed may have been subject to inappropriate diversion.Conclusion: This study clearly shows that patient education, coupled with a reliable option for opioid disposal, is effective. We strongly encourage other surgical institutions to implement similar practices not only for our surgical patients’ safety, but also for the tens of thousands of patients who died of opioid abuse in the last year.
Prescription opioid use during pregnancy and risk for preterm birth or term low birthweight
Authors: Interrante, MPH Julia D. , Scroggs, PhD Stacey L. P. , Hogue, PhD Carol J. , Friedman, MD Jan M. , Reefhuis, PhD Jennita , Jann, PharmD Michael W. , Broussard, PhD Cheryl S. , Prevention Study National Birth Defects
Published: July 2021

Objective: Examine the relationship between prescription opioid analgesic use during pregnancy and preterm birth or term low birthweight.Design, setting, and participants: We analyzed data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a US multisite, population-based study, for births from 1997 to 2011. We defined exposure as self-reported prescription opioid use between one month before conception and the end of pregnancy, and we dichotomized opioid use duration by ≤7 days and >7 days.Main outcome measures: We examined the association between opioid use and preterm birth (defined as gestational age <37 weeks) and term low birthweight (defined as <2500 g at gestational age ≥37 weeks).Results: Among 10,491 singleton mother/infant pairs, 470 (4.5 percent) reported opioid use. Among women reporting opioid use, 236 (50 percent) used opioids for > 7 days; codeine (170, 36 percent) and hydrocodone (163, 35 percent) were the most commonly reported opioids. Opioid use was associated with slightly increased risk for preterm birth [adjusted odds ratio, 1.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0, 1.9], particularly with hydrocodone [1.6; 1.0, 2.6], meperidine [2.5; 1.2, 5.2], or morphine [3.0; 1.5, 6.1] use for any duration; however, opioid use was not significantly associated with term low birthweight.Conclusions: Preterm birth occurred more frequently among infants of women reporting prescription opioid use during pregnancy. However, we could not determine if these risks relate to the drug or to indications for use. Patients who use opioids during pregnancy should be counseled by their practitioners about this and other potential risks associated with opioid use in pregnancy.
Nurse-led multidisciplinary cooperation for early screening and protection of fecal water dermatitis in hospitalized patients with enterostomy
Authors: Lan Wen-Xia , Li Zhe
Published: July 2021

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the effect of nurse-led multidisciplinary cooperation in the early screening and protection of fecal water dermatitis in hospitalized patients with enterostomy.

Material and methods

An enterostomy management team led by nurses with multidisciplinary cooperation was established to investigate the current situation of fecal water dermatitis in patients with enterostomy in our hospital, and the causes of fecal water dermatitis were analyzed. Based on the evidence-based results, the management plan for the prevention of fecal water dermatitis in patients with enterostomy was implemented. The related indicators before and after the implementation of a nurse-led multidisciplinary cooperation management program were compared.

Results

The incidence of fecal water dermatitis in patients with enterostomy decreased from 45.56% to 20.73%, the screening rate of nutritional risk for patients with enterostomy increased from 45.57% to 97.56%, the accuracy of stoma positioning by nurses was increased from 65.82% to 98.78%, the incidence of basement warping in enterostomy was decreased from 29.80% to 1.95%, the incidence of fecal water leakage decreased from 50.76% to 22.53%, the 1-hour leakage rate of stoma basement increased from 4.48% to 97.29%, the awareness rate of patients’ related knowledge increased from 43.03% to 80.48%, and the average score of self-care ability of patients (family members) increased from 99.5 to 126.7. Patients’ mean quality of life scores increased from 80.73 to 98.57, and patients’ mean self-efficacy scores increased from 78.34 to 99.26. The differences in the above indicators were statistically significant (p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Nurse-led multidisciplinary cooperation can improve early screening and protection of fecal water dermatitis in hospitalized patients with enterostomy and improve the quality of life of patients.
INVESTIGAÇÃO DA CONSTITUIÇÃO BIOGEOGRÁFICA PREDITIVA DA MODELAGEM DE NICHO ECOLÓGICO DO TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI NO BRASIL
Authors: Santos André Luiz Dos
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O Trypanosoma cruzi é um protozoário flagelado, agente da Doença de Chagas. Apesar de ser bastante conhecido, permanece uma deficiência de estudos que colaborem no discernimento dos processos evolutivos e o impacto da modificação da paisagem na dinâmica populacional e risco de transmissão do Trypanosoma cruzi ao homem. Sabe-se que o Trypanosoma cruzi é agente etiológico da doença de Chagas, parasita heteroxênico, um parasito multi-hospedeiro, capaz de infectar centenas de espécies de hospedeiros mamíferos, de oito diferentes ordens, transmitido por várias espécies de triatomíneos hematófagos (família Reduviidae, subfamília Triatominae). Busca-se investigar a constituição biogeográfica preditiva da modelagem de nicho ecológico do Trypanosoma cruzi no Brasil. O mapeamento geográfico é fundamental para a vigilância epidemiológica, pois além de gerar informações sobre a distribuição pontual de doenças, possibilita o acompanhamento da distribuição espaço-temporal dos fatores ambientais que modulam a ocorrência destas. O conhecimento do padrão geográfico de doenças pode fornecer informações sobre a etiologia e a fisiopatologia de determinados eventos mórbidos. A própria virulência de determinados agentes infecciosos pode ser influenciada por fatores físicos e climáticos. Objetivo: Reconhecer a modelagem de nicho ecológico como metodologia para prever e/ou determinar a distribuição de uma espécie, baseando-se em informações sobre a ocorrência do Trypanosoma cruzi. Material e Métodos: Aplica-se análise da constituição biogeográfica do Trypanosoma cruzi, realizada por meio da Modelagem de Nicho Ecológico (MNE), aplicada para analisar a distribuição geográfica do Trypanosoma cruzi, a partir de extrapolações das características ambientais dos locais conhecidos de ocorrência. Resultados: O levantamento de informações auxilia na compreensão da ecologia do Trypanosoma cruzi no Brasil: i) determinação das condições ambientais de áreas com potencial risco de expansão ou retração destas parasitoses; ii) elucidação das variáveis, bióticas e abióticas, reguladoras da dispersão do Trypanosoma cruzi; iii) estabelecimento de zonas quentes de transmissão; iv) identificação da sobreposição de áreas de transmissão; e (v) realização de análise da relação área de habitat e o padrão de diversidade e distribuição do Trypanosoma cruzi. Conclusão: Propõe-se que a dinâmica de distribuição espacial do Trypanosomacruzi está diretamente relacionada com variáveis ambientais e fragmentação da paisagem.
INFECÇÃO CRÔNICA POR TOXOPLASMA GONDII ALTERA O NÚMERO DE FOLÍCULOS OVARIANOS EM CAMUNDONGOS C57BL/6
Authors: Pereira Vanessa de Brito , Melo Gessilda De Alcantara Nogueira De , Sant’ana Débora De Mello Gonçales , Rinaldi Jaqueline De Carvalho
Published: July 2021

Introdução: Toxoplasmose é uma parasitose de ampla distribuição causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii. Esta zoonose pode causar abortos em várias espécies, além de desencadear alterações neurológicas e oculares, porém sabe-se pouco sobre seus efeitos nos órgãos da reprodução. Objetivo: Investigar o impacto da infecção crônica pelo T. gondii sobre a quantificação dos folículos ovarianos em camundongos adultos. Material e métodos: Camundongos c C57BL/6 fêmeas foram separadas nos grupos controle (GC, n=8) e infectado (GI, n=8). Enquanto o GC recebeu salina, o GI recebeu 1000 oocistos por gavagem para indução da infecção experimental (protocolo aprovado pela CEUA/UEM sob nº 4092040517). Após 60 dias houve análise do ciclo estral dos animais pelo smear vaginal e foram eutanasiados aqueles que se encontravam em estro, fase caracterizada pela presença de células epiteliais queratinizadas. Após o aprofundamento anestésico com vapor de isoflurano os eutanasiados tiveram os ovários dissecados, pesados, processados e incluídos em parafina. Cortes de 5µm foram corados em Hematoxilina-eosina para análise da morfologia geral da gônada e quantificação dos folículos ovarianos. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste estatístico t student e considerados significativos quando p<0,05. Resultados: A infecção crônica pelo T. gondii não afetou o peso corpóreo ou do ovário dos animais. A gônada de ambos os grupos apresentou uma organização similar, contendo região cortical constituída por epitélio germinativo, túnica albugínea, tecido conjuntivo e folículos ovarianos em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. A região medular apresentou-se organizada em tecido conjuntivo contendo feixe vásculo-nervoso glandular. A análise quantitativa evidenciou um aumento em 32% no número de folículos totais na cortical ovariana do GI em relação ao GC (p<0,001). Sabe-se que o T. gondii é capaz de reduzir significativamente o FSH e o LH tanto em homens quanto mulheres. Assim, uma hipótese que justifica o resultado encontrado é de que o parasito foi capaz de promover desregulação hormonal e assim afetar a maturação folicular ovariana e a ovulação. Conclusão: A infecção crônica pelo T. gondii afetou a quantidade de folículos presentes no córtex ovariano, demonstrando que a infecção pelo parasito pode afetar os estágios mais precoces da reprodução em camundongos C57BL/6 fêmeas.
EFETIVIDADE DA TERAPIA DE SUPORTE NA FORÇA MUSCULAR, FUNÇÃO VENTILATÓRIA E QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM PORTADORES DE WERDNIG-HOFFMAN: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Biazus Paola , Tasca Lais , Taglietti Marcelo
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A atrofia muscular espinhal (AME) é uma doença neuromuscular degenerativa, tem origem genética e sua classificação clinica se dá de acordo com a idade do início da doença sendo classificada em severa, intermediária e branda. A AME tipo 1, ou doença de Werding-Hoffman é considerada severa, caracterizada por fraqueza muscular grave e progressiva, envolvendo principalmente o sistema respiratório. Os métodos de tratamento de suporte trazem benefícios em prolongar a sobrevida do paciente através do uso da VNI (ventilação mecânica não invasiva) e o uso de MI-E (insuflação/exsuflação mecânica). Objetivos: avaliar a eficácia da terapia de suporte no tratamento da doença de Werdnig-Hoffman. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, que efetuou a busca de ensaios clínicos aleatórios nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem Online (MedLine/PubMed), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Portal Regional da BVS – Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Biblioteca Cochrane e Plataforma Google Acadêmico. A coleta dos artigos foi realizada no período de março/abril de 2021, sendo incluídos estudos dos últimos 20 anos. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada pela escala PEDro. Resultados: Foram inclusos 5 artigos que se encaixavam nos critérios propostos de terapia de suporte na AME para os desfechos investigados, sendo de baixa a alta qualidade metodológica. A idade variou de 2 a 270 meses de idade, de ambos os gêneros. Em todos, a VNI apresentou uma melhora da sobrevida e menor frequência de hospitalizações ao longo dos anos, melhorando a qualidade de vida e, a MI-E mostrou-se eficaz na extubação da ventilação mecânica e como terapia auxiliar em melhor a efetividade da tosse. Conclusão: a terapia de suporte como recurso de tratamento para pacientes com AME tipo 1 traz efeitos positivos na melhora da qualidade de vida, aumento da sobrevida, reduz a frequência de internações e melhora a efetividade da tosse nessa população.
A SISTEMATIZAÇÃO DA ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM AO PACIENTE COM PANCREATITE AGUDA POR HIPERTRIGLICERIDEMIA - UM RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Bezerra Daniel Dias , Pacheco Gabriele Batista Ferreira , Oliveira Izabel Maria Braz
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A Pancreatite é um distúrbio grave no qual ocorre um processo inflamatório no pâncreas, podendo ser dividida em pancreatite aguda e crônica. A aguda costuma ser uma emergência médica associada a um elevado risco de complicações potencialmente fatais e mortalidade. Já a crônica, muitas vezes não é detectada, visto que suas manifestações clínicas e diagnósticos clássicos não aparecem nos estágios iniciais da doença e, quando aparecem, cerca de 90% das células acinares foram perdidas. Objetivos: Diante do exposto o presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever os meios de atuação e cuidados da equipe de enfermagem junto com a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem frente ao paciente com Pancreatite Aguda por hipertrigliceridemia. Metodologia: O presente trabalho trata-se de um estudo do tipo relato de caso, direcionado ao paciente com pancreatite aguda por hipertrigliceridemia admitido no Hospital Regional da Asa Norte – HRAN. A coleta dos dados foi realizada através do Instrumento de Coleta de dados, entrevista e exame físico com o paciente e utilização Prontuário eletrônico do paciente na base de dados Tackcare. Resultados: Paciente admitido no Pronto Socorro com história de dor em abdome superior em barra com início há 4 dias associado a náuseas, vômitos, pirose, hiporexia e saciedade precoce. Ao Prontuário Eletrônico do paciente apresenta-se lesões na pele, puntiforme em antebraços decorrentes de mordidas e arranhões de cão, sem informações quanto a vacina Antirrábica, e formação de bolha com aspecto seroso em região maleolar medial de MIE, foi solicitado parecer da psiquiatria constando paciente com humor ansioso e com resistência ao tratamento do etilismo, encaminhado a clínica médica. Conclusão: O Presente Estudo de Caso possibilitou a abordagem ao paciente com pancreatite aguda por hipertrigliceridemia observou-se que diante da elaboração do trabalho que a pancreatite é um distúrbio grave, no qual ocorre um processo inflamatório no pâncreas, com uma incidência elevada no Brasil, com um elevado número de internações por ano, que vem sido causado principalmente pelo uso excessivo de álcool e a formação de cálculos biliares, ainda podendo ser causada por outros motivos, como uso de alguns tipos de medicamentos, a hiperlipidemia, a hipercalcemia, entre outros fatores.
AROMATERAPIA NA SAÚDE MENTAL EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA PELO CORONAVÍRUS SARS-COV2
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Rogério , Sousa Letícia Cristina Alves De , Tassara Kennia Rodrigues , Wastowski Isabela Jubé , Pires Débora De Jesus
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O distanciamento do convívio familiar, amigos e a falta das rotinas diárias, previnem o contágio do novo Corona Vírus Sars- Cov2, mas, por outra vertente há prejuízos na saúde mental. Neste contexto de isolamento há maior probabilidade de ocorrências e sintomas de perturbações depressivas e de estresse pós-traumático, além do medo de contrair a doença. Uma das abordagens, dentro das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares em Saúde (PICS), que tem ganhado espaço mundialmente é a aromaterapia. Assim como as demais PICS, a aromaterapia trata o indivíduo em sua totalidade; mente, corpo e espírito, no seu âmbito biopsicoespiritual. Objetivo: investigar na literatura científica nacional e internacional o uso da aromaterapia como ferramenta terapêutica para a saúde mental. Material e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, disponíveis nas bases de dados PUBMED, LILACS e BIREME. Foram utilizados os descritores, saúde mental, coronavírus, depressão, aromaterapia, óleos essenciais e o operador booleano “e”. A pesquisa resultou na seleção de 23 artigos, para a produção do trabalho. Resultados: Ao inalarmos os óleos essenciais, suas moléculas são levadas ao epitélio olfativo; assim, as moléculas aromáticas são captadas e direcionadas para o cérebro, especificamente no sistema límbico, promovendo o relaxamento e a sedação, auxiliando no tratamento de casos de ansiedade, estresse e depressão. Os dois principais constituintes terpenóides do óleo essencial de lavanda, linalol e acetato de linalila, podem produzir um efeito ansiolítico em combinação via inibição dos canais de cálcio voltagem dependentes, redução da atividade do receptor 5HT1A e aumento do tônus parassimpático. Quando o paciente está em um nível elevado de estresse e depressão, a melhor escolha, é optar por um óleo que tenha ação de sedação. Dentre os mais usados encontramos os óleos de bergamota (Citrus bergamia), camomila romana (Anthemis nobilis), gerânio (Pelarganium graveolens), lavanda (Lavandula angustifilia), limão (Citrus limon), melissa (Melissa officinalis), sândalo (Santalum álbum). Conclusão: A aromaterapia atua no equilíbrio biopsicossocial, nas dimensões físicas, mentais e espirituais melhorando a saúde mental afetada em tempos de pandemia pelo Coronavírus.
OCORRÊNCIA DE NEFRITE LÚPICA EM PACIENTES ACOMETIDOS POR LÚPUS ERITEMATOSO SISTÊMICO
Authors: Junior Francisco Anderson Costa Batista , Pinheiro Lara Victória
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico (LES) é uma uma doença de natureza autoimune, de caráter inflamatório e crônica. Possui etiologia indefinida, sendo categorizada como uma condição reumatológica, mais especificamente, como uma colagenose. A LES é responsável por desencadear diversas manifestações clínicas graves, dentre as quais, destaca-se a Nefrite Lúpica (NL). Objetivos: Relacionar o desenvolvimento da inflamação nos rins em pacientes diagnosticados com a condição autoimune LES, analisando os fatores determinantes de tal interferência. Materiais e Métodos: Por meio da análise da bibliográfica disponível, foi realizada uma revisão narrativa, selecionando artigos publicados no período de junho de 2016 a março de 2021, empregando as plataformas PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE e SCIELO como bases de dados para o presente estudo. Os descritores operados na pesquisa, em português e inglês, foram: “ Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico”; “Nefrite Lúpica”; “Glomerulonefrite lúpica” e “Lúpus”, manipulando critérios inclusivos e exclusivos para seleção dos artigos usados no estudo. Resultados: A NL é uma condição comum e grave do LES, tornando-se um estado ainda mais dispendioso em adolescentes negras. Genericamente, cerca de 30 a 50% dos pacientes apresentarão manifestações clínicas e alguma patologia renal por consequência deste diagnóstico. Em relação ao desenvolvimento da NL, este irá ser desencadeado em virtude do depósito de imunocomplexos circulantes, responsável pela ativação da cascata do complemento, o implicando em uma lesão mediada por esse sistema, infiltração dos leucócitos, ativação dos fatores pró-coagulantes e, por fim, liberação de várias citocinas, resultando no comprometimento renal, mais precisamente, dos vasos responsáveis pela filtração nesse órgão. A NL é classificada, de acordo com a gravidade das lesões, em seis classes, sendo as duas primeiras caracterizadas por danos leves e sintomatologia branda. A partir da terceira fase, as lesões começam a ficar cada vez mais graves, atingindo áreas ainda maiores dos glomérulos. Dentre os principais sinais clínicos desta disfunção, estão: proteinúria, hipertensão e Insuficiência Renal. Conclusão: Em relação à NL, essa condição está entre as principais causas de morbidade, bem como, mortalidade em pacientes diagnosticados com LES, já que, cerca de 20% dos indivíduos acometidos, evoluirão para doença terminal, exigindo terapêutica baseada em diálise e, em casos mais extremos, transplantes.