bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media Tone: The Role of News and Social Media on Heterogeneous Inflation Expectations
Authors: Heikkinen Joni , Heimonen Kari
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the role of media tone on inflation expectations. Examining the relationships between news and the inflation expectations of various US demographic groupings, we find that traditional news influences older cohorts, whereas social media news align more closely with the expectations of younger and more educated groups. Interestingly, social media correspond more closely than traditional news with the expectations of professional forecasters. Our analysis shows that media influences can persist for longer than a year, highlighting the importance of historical inflation data and the gradual adaptation of new information. Additionally, we find that separate media tones for specific news topics such as “Inflation & Fed” and “Healthcare Costs” resonate differently across demographic groups. These insights highlight the nuanced role of media in shaping inflation expectations across demographic segments.
The Bias of the ECB Inflation Projections: A State‐Dependent Analysis
Authors: Granziera Eleonora , Jalasjoki Pirkka , Paloviita Maritta
Published: November 2024

We test for state‐dependent bias in the European Central Bank's inflation projections. We show that the Eurosystem/European Central Bank (ECB) tends to underpredict when the observed inflation rate at the time of forecasting is higher than an estimated threshold of 1.8%. The bias is most pronounced at intermediate forecasting horizons. This suggests that inflation is projected to revert towards the target too quickly. These results cannot be fully explained by the persistence embedded in the forecasting models or by errors in the exogenous assumptions on interest rates, exchange rates, or oil prices. The state‐dependent bias may be consistent with the aim of managing inflation expectations, as published forecasts play a central role in the ECB's monetary policy communication strategy.
Effects of tannin‐tolerant lactic acid bacteria in combination with tannic acid on the fermentation quality, protease activity and bacterial community of stylo silage
Authors: Guo Xiang , Chen Dandan , Huang Peishan , Gao Lin , Zhou Wei , Zhang Jianguo , Zhang Qing
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

Proteolysis during ensiling primarily occurs due to undesirable microbial and plant protease activities, which reduce the protein supply to ruminant livestock and cause a series of environmental problems. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the tannin‐tolerant lactic acid bacterium strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 4 (LABLP4) in combination with tannic acid (TA) on protein preservation in stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) silage. The stylos were either ensiled without additives (control) or treated with LABLP4 (106 colony‐forming units per gram of fresh matter), 1% (fresh matter basis) TA, 2% TA, LABLP4 + 1% TA and LABLP4 + 2% TA. Fermentation quality, protein composition, protease activity and bacterial diversity were determined at 3, 7, 14 and 31 days of ensiling.

RESULTS

The combination of LABLP4 and TA decreased the pH, coliform bacteria count, non‐protein nitrogen, ammonia‐nitrogen (NH3‐N) content and protease activities (P < 0.05) and increased the true protein content (P < 0.05) compared to the control. LABLP4 + TA led to a lower pH and NH3‐N content than LABLP4 or TA alone (P < 0.05). On the last day (31 days) of ensiling, LABLP4 + TA increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Lactiplantibacillus (P < 0.05), except for the LABLP4 treatment, and decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

The combination of tannin‐tolerant LABLP4 and TA effectively improved the fermentation quality of stylo silage and reduced protein degradation by altering the bacterial community structure. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Approaches to Increase Early Detection and Positive Biopsy Rate of Nasal Natural Killer/T‐Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Dong Yi , Zhou Bing , Cui Shunjiu , Huang Qian , Sun Yan , Liu Yunfu , He Xiaojin , Han Huijun
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To develop methods for early detection of natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type (nasal NKTL) and to evaluate the use of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements from diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for selecting biopsy sites to enhance the positive biopsy rate.

Methods

The clinical data of 32 cases of nasal NKTL were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Cases were graded from 1 to 5 based on endoscopic and imaging findings. Biopsy methods included the superficial forceps method and deep incisional method. Data recorded included biopsy method, time to confirmed diagnosis, number of biopsies required, and ADC values of biopsy sites.

Results

Both endoscopic and MRI lesion severity did not affect biopsy outcomes (p = 0.8248, 0.7571). The deep incisional biopsy method had a significantly higher probability of yielding positive pathological results compared to the superficial clamping method [OR (95% CI) = 23.2143 (6.0448, 89.1513) (χ2 = 26.1089, p < 0.0001)]. The ADC value at the site with a positive biopsy result is significantly lower than at the site with a negative result (p = 0.0003). The diagnostic threshold for ADC value to predict a positive biopsy result was 0.603 × 10−3 mm2/s, with a Youden index of 0.43.

Conclusions

Nasal NKTL has distinct characteristics distinguishing it from sinusitis and other tumors. Deep incision biopsy under general anesthesia is superior to the superficial method. The location of the positive sampling site can be guided by measuring the ADC value, and the optimal diagnostic threshold of this proposed method is 0.603 × 10−3 mm2/s.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2024
ERAP1 Gene Variants and Haplotypes Associated With Psoriasis Vulgaris of Han Chinese in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Li Xin , Bao Jia , Ai Liya , Yang Fan‐Rui , Yu Bo , Huang Yan‐Ping , Li Na , Ding Wen‐Yuan , Sun Zhi‐Qiang , Lv Xin‐Xiang , Han Jian‐Wen
Published: November 2024

Background

This study aimed to investigate the association between genetic variants of ERAP1 (OMIM: 606832) and psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) susceptibility in Inner Mongolia Han nationality.

Methods

For primary screening, the subjects included 142 PsV cases and 100 healthy controls without psoriasis. The 27 exons of ERAP1 gene were sequenced to screen significant genetic variants. For the validation study, the subjects included 1030 PsV cases and 965 healthy controls. A total of 18 mutations were detected for genetic variants of significance in primary screening and previously reported genetic variants.

Results

In primary screening stage, 13 genetic variants of ERAP1 showed an association with psoriasis. A total of 18 genetic variants were typed for the validation, and 12 genetic variants were associated with PsV in Inner Mongolia Han population. Stratified analysis showed significant differences in the allele frequencies of 8 ERAP1 genetic variants in cases with positive family history, and significant differences in allele frequencies among 9 ERAP1 genetic variants in patients with negative family history. A risk haplotype (TCCCTCCAGACC) was significantly associated with PsV, and the most risk haplotype was E730/K528/R127/E56.

Conclusion

ERAP1 gene mutation may be associated with PsV and HLA‐C*06:02 in Han nationality in Inner Mongolia. A risk haplotype of four‐nonsynonymous mutation (E730/K528/R127/E56) is associated with PsV.
A SPH Model Bridging Solid‐ and Fluid‐Like Behaviour in Granular Materials
Authors: Wang Yadong , Wu Wei
Published: November 2024

We propose a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model bridging the gap between solid‐ and fluid‐like behaviour observed in granular materials. The key innovation of the proposed approach lies in the decomposition of the stress gradient into rate‐independent and rate‐dependent parts, which are governed by the hypoplastic and constitutive relations, respectively. By using the proposed approach, we successfully capture the transition between solid‐ and fluid‐like flow regimes in granular materials. The proposed SPH scheme is rigorously validated through the examination of various boundary value problems, including the collapse of a granular column, Taylor–Couette flow, and silo flow.
Relationships Between Burnout and Neuroticism Among Emergency Department Nurses: A Network Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yinjuan , Sun Jicheng , Wu Chao , Ma Zhujing , Shen Chao , Hu Wendong , Lang Hongjuan
Published: November 2024

Aim

Although neuroticism has a negative impact on burnout among healthcare workers, there is little research exploring the specific interactions between different components of burnout and neuroticism. This study aims to investigate this relationship among nurses in Emergency Departments (ED) through network analysis method (NAM).

Design

A cross‐sectional investigative survey was conducted.

Methods

A total of 408 Chinese nurses were recruited from ED of five hospitals in 2023 through Questionnaire Star. Components of burnout were measured by the 15‐item Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (MBI‐GS), while components of neuroticism were measured by a subscale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire‐Revised, Short Scale for Chinese (EPQ‐RSC) questionnaire. NAM was applied to build relationship between components of burnout and neuroticism and identify the bridge expected influence (BEI).

Results

Within burnout‐neuroticism network, the relations between the components of burnout and neuroticism were mainly positive. Nt5 (‘Anxious’)‐EE1 (‘Exhausted’; weight = 0.281) and Nt5 (‘Anxious’)‐EE5 (‘Breakdown’; weight = 0.280) had stronger connections. Among the neuroticism, Nt5 (‘Anxious’) showed the strongest positive BEI, while Nt12 (‘Guilty’) showed the strongest negative BEI. Feeling anxiety and less guilt conscience in neuroticism were the critical factors to impact burnout of nurses in ED. Awareness of these relationships can help to develop strategies to identify and curtail burnout.

Patient or Public Contribution

A total of 408 emergency nurses participated in this survey.
Prevalence of Workplace‐Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Nurses and Midwives in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility: A Descriptive Cross‐Sectional Survey
Authors: Sisala Mohammed Iddrisu , Abdulai Mohammed Hardi , Ibrahim Mudasir Mohammed , Buasilenu Hannah , Baako Issahaka Abdulai , Nyarko Brenda Abena , Wuni Abubakari , Buunaaisie Camillus
Published: November 2024

Aim

To assess the prevalence of workplace‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among Nurses and Midwives in a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Northern Ghana.

Methods

The study utilised a descriptive cross‐sectional study design using the STROBES guidelines. Standardised Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to gather data from 309 nurses and midwives. The selection of respondents was done using a simple random sampling method. The data were analysed using SPSS version 27.0.

Results

From the 259 included respondents, 195 (75.3%) experienced WMSDs in the last 12 months. 138 (70.7%) highlighted their low back (lumbar/sacral) as the affected region and 119 (61.0%) indicated experiencing WMSDs during the first 5 years of clinical practice. Key job‐related risk factors contributing to WMSDs development included working in the same positions (such as standing, bending over, sitting, kneeling) for long periods (176 [68.0%]), treating an excessive number of patients in 1 day (142 [54.8%]), continuing to work while injured or hurt (139 [53.7%]), bending or twisting the back in an awkward way (140 [54.1%]) and not enough rest breaks or pauses during the workday (130 [50.2%]). Regarding coping strategies, the most frequently employed method was getting someone else to help handle a heavy patient (83 [42.5%]). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that respondents with fewer than 5 years of experience were markedly more susceptible to reporting WMSDs compared to those with over 10 years of experience (AOR = 3.73, 95% CI [1.03, 13.42], p = 0.043).

Conclusion

The overall prevalence of WMSDs among nurses and midwives was high. This study also revealed that the most commonly affected body region was their low back. Working in the same position for long periods was identified as a major occupational risk factor contributing to these disorders. Despite this risk, a significant number of nurses and midwives consistently sought assistance when handling heavy patients. The current study suggests that hospitals should provide comprehensive ergonomic training to healthcare professionals, emphasising proper body mechanics, posture and techniques for patient moving and handling.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients or public were not involved in setting the research objectives, the design and preparation of the manuscript. Nurses and midwives working the tertiary hospital answered the research questionnaires.
Implications of Implementing Children's Oncology Group Risk Stratification to Patients With Rhabdomyosarcoma Treated on European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group Clinical Trial
Authors: Bisogno Gianni , Minard‐Colin Veronique , Haduong Josephine , Zanetti Ilaria , Ferrari Andrea , Chisholm Julia , Heske Christine M. , Hladun Raquel , Jenney Meriel , Merks Johannes Hendrikus Maria , Venkatramani Rajkumar
Published: November 2024

Background

Prognostic factors are crucial in tailoring treatments for patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The European paediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) and the Children's Oncology Group (COG) employ similar prognostic factors, but utilize them differently resulting in diverse stratification systems. This diversity may result in dissimilar treatment approaches for comparable patients and hinder the comparison of clinical trial results.

Procedure

We reclassified 1993 patients enrolled in the EpSSG RMS 2005 and MTS 2008 studies based on the risk stratification used in current EpSSG and COG trials, and compared the type and cumulative doses of chemotherapy recommended to the different risk groups. Alkylating agents were compared using the cyclophosphamide equivalent dose formula. Metastatic RMS with high‐risk features were excluded because no standard recommended treatment exists.

Results

Patients were variably distributed across EpSSG and COG risk stratifications. Notably, 34.2% of EpSSG standard‐risk patients fell into three different COG risk groups (very low, low, and intermediate), and 66.8% of the total population, classified as standard, high, and very high risk by EpSSG, would all be considered intermediate risk by COG. Consequently, only 57.3% of the study population would receive comparable intensive chemotherapy under both EpSSG and COG protocols. Disparities emerged, with 16.5% undergoing more intensive and 17.2% receiving less intensive treatment in COG protocols compared to EpSSG studies.

Conclusions

Our study shows the complexities of the current RMS risk stratification systems, emphasizing the need for a global consensus. A unified approach would reduce the risk of disparate treatments for similar patients and facilitate more straightforward cross‐study comparisons.
Self‐healing study of impact damage in carbon fiber/epoxy composites based on hybrid polyamide nanofibers
Authors: Huang Yan , Gan Yu , Luan Yingchao , Cai Haopeng , Liang Luzong , Ren Xiujun
Published: November 2024

This research aims to investigate the low‐velocity impact (LVI) response and self‐healing performance of carbon fiber composite laminates (NL) containing staggered hybrid polyamide nanofiber veils. Carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are widely used in many industries, but they are sensitive to LVI damage and there is a lack of research on repair, which restricts their development. In the research, NL samples were prepared, and four impact energies of 6.6, 9.4, 12.2, and 15.0 joules were selected. Ultrasonic C‐scan detection, microscopic observation and mechanical property tests were carried out. The results show that the NL samples have smaller damage areas and degrees, indicating that the veils enhance the impact resistance; the damage repair efficiencies of the NL samples at different energies are 48.3%, 36.2%, 29.7% and 16.8% respectively; when the impact energy is lower than 13.9 J, the flexural strength of the repaired NL samples can be restored to more than 80% of the original strength. These results are of great significance. The improvement of the impact resistance of composites by hybrid polyamide nanofibers can solve the problem of CFRP's sensitivity to LVI damage, and the self‐healing ability provides a new approach to damage treatment, having broad application prospects in aerospace, shipbuilding and other industries.

Highlights

Hybrid veils enhance impact toughness, reducing damage area and severity.

Veils enable self‐healing, repair impact damage, and enhance reusability.

Repair efficiency is higher at lower impact energy levels.
Nylon/large‐tow carbon fiber‐wrapped yarn composites with improved interfacial shear and impact strength
Authors: Zhang Peng , Qi Xiaoming , Lu Xin , Mei Xiaotong , Jiang Yuhao , Dong Yubing , Ni Qingqing , Fu Yaqin
Published: November 2024

Hybrid fiber‐reinforced composites uniquely address the performance limitations of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs). In this study, continuously wrapping large tow CF (48 K) with low‐cost nylon was proposed to create nylon‐CF core‐spun yarns (NCCYs). Unidirectional nylon‐CF/epoxy composites (NCFECs) were successfully fabricated using NCCYs as hybrid fiber reinforcement. The nylon wrapping on the CF significantly enhanced the energy absorption and dispersion of the CFRPs, thereby improving the impact strength. The measured impact strength of the NCFECs was 108.7 kJ/m2, which was 70.4% greater than that of the corresponding CF/epoxy composite (63.8 kJ/m2) with the same CF content. Additionally, NCCYs exhibited an excellent interfacial shear strength of 35.3 MPa, representing a 73.9% increase compared to that of the large tow CF (20.3 MPa). This study developed NCFECs using a simple and low‐cost process to produce advanced composites, providing an innovative manufacturing strategy for CFRPs with high impact resistance.

Highlights

The NCCYs are prepared by using the wrapping technology.

The structure of the wrapped yarns endows the NCCYs with high interfacial shear.

The nylon fiber layer gives NCFECs higher impact strength.
MXene–CF synergy to improve tribological properties of epoxy resin/carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile
Authors: Pei Xianqiang , He Wenfang , Zhang Zhancheng , Wang Rongmin , Zhang Yaoming , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei
Published: November 2024

The use of hybrid fillers provides a new route for improving the friction and wear properties of polymer composites due to their synergistic effect. In the present study, a two‐dimensional derivative of MAX phases (MXene) was loaded onto the surface of carbon fiber (CF) and used as reinforcement to modify the tribological properties of epoxy resin (EP) composites. The latter were tested on a plate‐on‐ring contact configuration as a function of load and sliding speed with reference to composites filled with single carboxyl‐terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN), MXene and CF. It was revealed that, when MXene and CF were incorporated simultaneously into EP/CTBN, the composite's friction coefficient and wear rate were reduced by 55.8% and 96.6% compared to those of EP/CTBN matrix. The mechanisms underlying this improvement are discussed based on a thorough analysis of the morphology of the worn surface and the chemical composition of transfer films. As a result, synergistic interaction between MX@CF and the rubber phase was revealed. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
One‐Pot Polyol Syntheses of Ag Right Bipyramids and Nanocubes, and their Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Properties
Authors: Zhu Zhaoxi , Wang Xiaolu , Li Dan , Ou Changgongyao , Liu Ruochen , Lin Taifeng , Guo Fu
Published: November 2024

Camphorquinone (CQ)‐mediated one‐pot polyol methods are developed to synthesize silver right bipyramids and nanocubes. Morphology control between silver right bipyramids and nanocubes is conducted by adjusting FeCl3 concentration. Silver right bipyramids with an average size of 170 nm and a yield of 87% are obtained with 0.11 mm FeCl3, while silver nanocubes with an average size of 120 nm and a yield of 70% are obtained with 0.04 mm FeCl3. The as‐synthesized Ag right bipyramids and nanocubes fabricate Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with good signal reproducibility to detect the Rhodamine 6G with concentrations down to 10−12 m. The SERS performance of silver right bipyramids larger than 100 nm is experimentally investigated. A comparison of the Raman enhancement effect between Ag right bipyramid and nanocube is conducted by comparing the enhancement factors of as‐fabricated Ag right bipyramid and nanocube SERS substrates. The Ag right bipyramid and nanocube SERS substrates are obtained at the same experimental condition, and their enhancement factors are calculated to be 3.11 × 104 and 2.37 × 104, respectively. The fabricated sensitive SERS substrates can potentially be used for ultrasensitive detection of analytes in applications such as food safety and environmental monitoring.
Modification of Silicon Nanowires with Flower‐Like Metal Particles and its Efficacy as Textile Dye Remover from Water
Authors: Ray Unmesha , Banerjee Diptonil , Sarkar Sourav , Chattopadhyay K. K.
Published: November 2024

Water contamination due to significant industrialization and urbanization has drawn the attention of numerous researchers to water remediation techniques like photocatalysis. The intriguing characteristics of silicon nanowires (SiNWs), like light trapping and catalytic activity for the removal of textile dyes, have drawn attention to this material. In this work, the synthesis of SiNWs and their modifications with metal particles like copper or silver with different concentrations has been reported. Metal‐assisted chemical etching, a cost‐effective and easy method, is used to synthesis SiNWs with an optimized aspect ratio. The as‐prepared materials and it photocatalysis performance are studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission and transmission electron microscope (FESEM, TEM), and UV–visible spectroscopy. The XRD confirms the presence of the copper particles on SiNWs. The FESEM image reveals the formation of flower‐like structures with different morphologies for silver and copper‐modified SiNWs. The as‐prepared samples have shown efficacy in removing Rhodamine‐B by the process of photocatalysis under irradiation with UV light. It has been observed that when the concentration of the copper nanoparticles is increased, a significant increase in the photocatalytic activity is obtained. The removal efficiency came within the range of 50–65%.
Terahertz‐Induced Resistance Oscillations in MgZnO/ZnO Heterostructures
Authors: Iñarrea Jesús
Published: November 2024

Herein, a theoretical work is presented on the radiation‐induced magnetoresistance oscillations in MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures in the terahertz (THz) band. It is demonstrated that the photo‐oscillations are much better observed in that band in contrast with microwaves where a reduced number of oscillations are obtained, as experiments show. In fact the large effective mass of electrons in this material makes terahertz the more suitable to be used in this kind experiments. For the simulations obtained here, the radiation‐driven electron orbit model is used. Thus, it is shown that all photo‐oscillations present the main features of the well‐known microwave‐induced resistance oscillations where one wants to stand out that with MgZnO/ZnO they present the shift of 1/4 of the cycle. The frequency and power dependence obtaining the same behavior as photo‐oscillations, based on microwaves, are also studied.
Bivariate degradation modeling and reliability analysis based on generalized nonlinear Wiener processes and a shared frailty factor
Authors: Li Lu , Wang Zhihua , Wu Qiong , Mao Zelong , Liu Chengrui
Published: November 2024

The complexity of product functionality and composition often involves at least two or more interrelated performance characteristics jointly reflecting the degradation. At the same time, the intricacy of the underlying failure mechanisms often results in degradation processes exhibiting intricate nonlinear patterns, where the mean and variance can display different nonlinear behaviors. Additionally, the random effect of the degradation process should not be overlooked. Therefore, an accurate depiction of degradation regulation is a crucial prerequisite for reasonable model construction and effective reliability analysis. To settle the challenges posed by complex nonlinear scenarios, this paper proposes a bivariate degradation model based on generalized nonlinear Wiener processes, incorporating a shared frailty factor to characterize the correlation between performance features. An approximate analytical expression for the cumulative distribution function of the first hitting time is derived for reliability analysis. Furthermore, unknown parameter estimation is carried out through a combination of the expectation–maximization algorithm and the genetic algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and reliability analysis method is validated through a comprehensive simulation investigation and a practical case study involving fatigue crack propagation.
Iterative Design of H∞ Loop‐Shaping Weight for Single‐Input Single‐Output Lightly Damped Systems
Authors: Cheng Shaokun , Ma Lei , Zhou Kemin
Published: November 2024

The ‐gap metric has a clear frequency domain interpolation of system uncertainties. However, the ‐gap metric between lightly damped systems may be very close to one, and causes difficulty for robust stability analysis as well as control design. In this article, the problem is addressed by adjusting the weight in the loop‐shaping method to reduce the corresponding weighted ‐gap metric at the resonance frequency (RF). To this end the selection of the weight is essential. The RFs of lightly damped systems with different perturbations often appear in a frequency band rather than at a single frequency. Thus, it is hard to investigate the weight's impact on the weighted ‐gap metric based on any specific perturbation. Particularly, the weight may change the sequencing of ‐gap metric of diverse perturbations to the nominal plant, and raises additional issue to the robust stability analysis. The expression of the maximum ‐gap metric in the RF band is derived to tackle these problems. Then, the impact of the weight on the single‐input single‐output weighted ‐gap metric is quantitatively analyzed. This provides a guidance to the loop‐shaping of lightly damped systems. An iterative design of the weight optimization is applied by limiting the upper bound of the frequency response of the shaped plant. The feasibility and advantages of the iterative design is shown by an illustrative example of a single‐phase pulse width modulation rectifier.
Innovative Regenerative Technologies for Enhancing Resilience in Salinity‐Stressed Rice Fields Along the Indonesian Coast: Promoting Net‐Zero Farming Practices to Adapt to Climate Change
Authors: Irwandhi Irwandhi , Khumairah Fiqriah Hanum , Sofyan Emma Trinurani , Ukit Ukit , Satria Rievansyah Eka , Salsabilla Annisya , Sauri Muhamad Sopyan , Simarmata Tualar
Published: November 2024

Rice cultivation significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane released from flooded paddy fields, exacerbating climate change. At the same time, rice farming is highly sensitive to climate conditions, with climate change introducing various abiotic stresses, notably salinity stress. This is especially critical in coastal regions like Indonesia, where rising sea levels and land degradation worsen the salinity challenge. This review systematically examines salinity stress in coastal rice cultivation, the impact of climate change on salinity dynamics and crop performance, and the potential of innovative regenerative technologies to enhance resilience and create low‐salinity, net‐zero agricultural systems. We conducted a systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines, supplemented by a bibliometric analysis using Scopus, employing keywords such as “salinity stress”, “rice”, “agriculture”, “climate change” and “regenerative”. From an initial 2,191 articles, 18 were deemed eligible for further analysis. Findings indicate that increased soil salinity adversely affects rice production, yet innovative strategies such as rhizomicrobiome engineering, salt‐tolerant rice varieties, regenerative soil amendments, irrigation management, agricultural practices offer viable solutions to mitigate salinity stress. Furthermore, adopting net‐zero farming practices can help achieve carbon neutrality in agriculture while significantly reducing GHG emissions. This review highlights the need for a collaborative approach among scientists, farmers, and policymakers to scale these innovations, ensuring their implementation not only in Indonesia but also in other regions facing similar challenges, thereby promoting food security and environmental sustainability in the face of climate change.
Palladium Nanoparticles Stabilized in Ionic Liquid‐Based Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Oxidative Acylation of Ketones
Authors: Soni Amit B. , Satishkumar Govindaswamy , Man M. Wong Chi
Published: November 2024

Novel heterogeneous catalytic system comprised of palladium nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized into the ionic liquid based periodic mesoporous organosilica (Pd@PMO‐IL) have been described for the model acylation reaction toward the facile construction of acylated ketones. A straightforward grafting method has been adopted for the functionalization of PMO containing 1‐methyl‐3‐(trimethoxysilylpropyl)‐imidazolium chloride (IL) by utilizing uncondensed alkoxy and hydroxy groups, thereby eliminating the need for an additional silicon source. The synthesized catalyst‐ Pd@PMO‐IL was characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption/desorption, TGA, FT‐IR, 29Si(CP‐MAS), 13C(CP‐MAS)‐NMR, XPS, ICP‐OES, FE‐SEM, and HR‐TEM techniques to confirm the anchoring of 1‐methyl‐3‐(trimethoxysilylpropyl)‐imidazolium chloride and Pd in the catalyst. The catalyst Pd@PMO‐IL demonstrated high catalytic activity in the model acylation reaction, along with other aldehyde derivatives to produce corresponding acylated ketones from moderate to excellent yields. Results from XPS analysis revealed the in‐situ reduction of PdII in the fresh catalyst to Pd0 at the reaction condition. HR‐TEM analysis confirmed the presence of 5–9 nm size of Pd NPs formed inside the mesopores of PMO‐IL support. Further, the catalyst was recycled for four consecutive cycles and showed insignificant loss in catalytic activity. The imidazolium in the PMO‐IL support could be the reason for successful stabilization and uniform distribution of insitu generated Pd NPs in the catalyst, resulting in highly active and recyclable catalytic system.
Silver‐Copper Oxide Core‐Shell Nanoparticles/β‐Cyclodextrin Functionalized Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based Electrochemical Sensor for 4‐Chloro‐3‐Methylphenol Detection
Authors: Akond Umme Solaem , Mahanta Abhinandan , Devi Nirbanya , Jasimuddin Sk.
Published: November 2024

Chlorophenols are high‐priority organic pollutants that harm the environment and human health. Therefore, it is crucial and urgent to detect and quantify chlorophenols in the environment selectively and sensitively. For this, the introduction of smart nanomaterials to create electrochemical sensors is a noteworthy development. In the present article, a glassy carbon electrode was fabricated by Agcore‐CuOshell nanoparticles (Ag@CuO) and β‐cyclodextrin functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (β‐CD‐fSWCNT) through drop‐casting method (Ag@CuO‐β‐CD‐fSWCNT‐nafion‐GC) and applied for the selective and sensitive detection of chlorophenols, particularly 4‐chloro‐3‐methylphenol (CMP). The Ag@CuO nanoparticles with core‐shell configuration were synthesized and characterized by using various analytical techniques like UV–vis spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED), and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The electrode fabrication steps were monitored and confirmed by using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies. The electrochemical sensing of CMP was done by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and the results showed that the peak current is linear with increasing concentration in the range of 10–50 µM at the modified electrode. The detection limit of 1.4 nM (S/N = 3) was obtained with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. The electrode showed good reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.56% and sensitivity of 15.67 µAcm−2µM−1 toward CMP. The sensor showed anti‐interference properties and long‐term stability. The real sample analysis results indicated that the sensor electrode could be used to detect low concentrations of CMP in wastewater with a recovery of 103.3% and has good potential for use in practical applications.
Buried Interface Modification Toward Efficient CsPbI2.2Br0.8 Based Monolithic Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Li Xin‐Yi , Wu Zhuxia , Yao Qin , Chen Lu‐Yao , Zeng Wang , Sun Qi , Lin Francis R. , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Shi Tingting , Yip Hin‐Lap , Xie Yue‐Min , Fung Man‐Keung
Published: November 2024

Wide‐bandgap perovskite sub‐cells (WPSCs), one of the most crucial components of perovskite‐based tandem solar cells (PTSCs), play a critical role in determining the performance of tandem devices. However, confined by the compromised crystallization properties of wide‐bandgap perovskites, WPSCs exhibit significantly lower efficiency than their theoretical limit. In particular, for n‐i‐p structured all‐inorganic WPSCs (AIWPSCs), severe nonradiative recombination due to the buried interface defects severely decreases the photovoltaic performance. Herein, an efficient propionate group (PA−) based ionic liquid, methylamine propionate (MAPA), is introduced into the perovskite/electron‐transport layer (ETL) interface to passivate the buried interface of AIWPSCs. The intense interaction between the PA− and Pb–Pb dimer effectively heals the defects at the buried interface and facilitates a more homogeneous elemental distribution in the perovskite film. As a result, CsPbI2.2Br0.8‐based AIWPSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.29% and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.33 V are obtained, which illustrates the superiority of MAPA in optimizing the performance of AIWPSCs. Moreover, by integrating these AIWPSCs with small‐bandgap organic solar cells (SOSCs), high performance n‐i‐p structured all‐inorganic perovskite/organic tandem solar cells (AIPOTSCs) with a high PCE of 23.19% and VOC of 2.08 V are also achieved.
Novel Single Perovskite Material for Visible‐Light Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction via Joint Experimental and DFT Study
Authors: Samadova Ulkar , Aligayev Amil , Ismail Pir Muhammad , Liu Min , Safarzade Ulviya , Hashimov Arif , Zakiyeva Ilhame , Rabbani Syeda Sughra , Khan Habib , Huang Qing , Wu Xiaoqiang , Zhong Li , Raziq Fazal , Yi Jiabao , Xia Pengfei , Qiao Liang
Published: November 2024

Developing advanced and economically viable technologies for the capture and utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) is crucial for sustainable energy production from fossil fuels. Converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is a promising approach to mitigate atmospheric CO2 levels. Among various methods, photocatalytic reduction stands out for its potential to reduce emissions and produce useful products. Here, novel perovskite ZnMoFeO3 (ZMFO) nanosheets are presented as promising semiconductor photocatalysts for CO2 reduction. Experimental results show that ZMFO has a narrow bandgap, exceptional visible light response, large specific surface area, high crystallinity, and various surface‐active sites, leading to an impressive photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of 24.87 µmolg−1h−1 and strong stability. Theoretical calculations reveal that CO2 conversion into CO and CH4 on the ZMFO surface follows formaldehyde and carbine pathways. This study provides significant insights into designing innovative perovskite oxide‐based photocatalysts for economical and efficient CO2 reduction systems.
Hierarchically Structured and Tunable Hydrogel Patches: Design, Characterization, and Application
Authors: Steinbeck Lea , Paul Richard , Litke Julia , Karkoszka Isabel , Wiese G. Philip , Linkhorst John , De Laporte Laura , Wessling Matthias
Published: November 2024

Recent studies show the importance of hydrogel geometry for various applications, such as encoding, micromachines, or tissue engineering. However, fabricating hydrogel structures with micrometer‐sized features, advanced geometry, and precise control of porosity remains challenging. This work presents hierarchically structured hydrogels, so‐called hydrogel patches, with internally deviating regions on a micron‐scale. These regions are defined in a one‐step, high‐throughput fabrication process via stop‐flow lithography. Between the specified projection pattern during fabrication, an interconnecting lower crosslinked and more porous hydrogel network forms, resulting in at least two degrees of crosslinking within the patches. A detailed investigation of patch formation is performed for two material systems and pattern variations, revealing basic principles for reliable patch formation. In addition to the two defined crosslinked regions, further regions are implemented in the patches by adapting the pattern accordingly. The variations in pattern geometry impact the mechanical characteristics of the hydrogel patches, which display pattern‐dependent compression behavior due to predefined compression points. Cell culture on patches, as one possible application, reveals that the patch pattern determines the cell area of L929 mouse fibroblasts. These results introduce hierarchically structured hydrogel patches as a promising and versatile platform system with high customizability.
How Much Force is Needed to Kill a Single Bacterium?
Authors: Vadillo‐Rodríguez Virginia , Pedraz Patricia , Flors Cristina
Published: November 2024

The interaction between bacteria and nanomaterials, particularly from a physical or mechanical perspective, has emerged as a topic of significant interest in both science and medicine. Mechanobactericidal nanomaterials, which exert antimicrobial effects through purely physical mechanisms, hold promise as alternative strategies to combat bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics. High‐aspect‐ratio nanoparticles and surface topographies are being engineered to enhance their mechanobactericidal properties. However, progress in this field is hindered by an incomplete understanding of how these materials induce mechanical cell death in bacteria. This review examines the role of atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoindentation in quantifying forces required to rupture the bacterial cell wall. The reported values range from nN to a few tens of nN, depending on the type of bacterium and the experimental conditions used. The potential effect of AFM tip properties, loading speed, bacterial immobilization strategy, or environmental conditions on the measured rupture values are discussed. This perspective also highlights the complexities of modeling bacterial cell rupture and the importance of pressure as a parameter for standardizing results across experiments. Furthermore, the implications of these quantitative insights to understand the mechanisms of action of mechanobactericidal nanomaterials are discussed.
A Highly Compatible Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Based Poly(ethylene) Oxide Polymer Electrolyte to Enable the Stable Operation of 4.5 V Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Qi , Dan Yongjie , Niu Yanhua , Lv Yadong , Li Guangxian
Published: November 2024

Insufficient ionic conductivity, limited Li+ transfer number (tLi+), and narrow electrochemical windows have heavily restricted the actual application of PEO （poly(ethylene) oxide）‐based polymer electrolytes (PEs). Herein, a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES)‐based PEO PE for stabilizing high voltage lithium metal battery (LMB) is designed. The DES reduces the crystallinity of PEO while promoting the dissociation of LiTFSI to release more free Li+, thus facilitating the transport of Li+ in the PEO matrix. In addition, the interaction between DES and the PEO, thereby improving the stability of the PEO‐based PE under high voltage. Consequently, the PEO‐DES‐FEC (for short PDF) PE possesses satisfactory ionic conductivity, good mechanical properties, and high electrochemical stability. Meanwhile, PDF PE can build a robust/uniform LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) to ensure electrode/electrolyte interface stability. As a concept proof, the Li symmetrical battery and Li||LiFePO4 LMBs of PDF PE exhibit good cycle stability. Applied to the high voltage Li||NCM811 LMBs, the PDF PE‐based cell has excellent cycling performance at 4.3 and 4.5 V. This tactic is one of the successful demonstrations of PEO‐based electrolytes under 4.5 V high voltage conditions, which breaks through the voltage constraint of conventional PEO‐based PEs.
Single‐Atom Pt Anchored Polyoxometalate as Electron‐Proton Shuttle for Efficient Photoreduction of CO2 to CH4 Catalyzed by NiCo Layered Doubled Hydroxide
Authors: Cai Ailin , Hu Guicong , Chen Wei , An Sai , Qi Bo , Song Yu‐Fei
Published: November 2024

The crucial role of active hydrogen (H*) in photocatalytic CO2 methanation has long been overlooked, although recently, accelerating proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) processes to enhance CH4 productivity and selectivity has garnered significant attention. Herein, a single‐atom Pt‐anchored H3PMo12O40 (Pt1‐PMo12) is applied as an efficient proton–electron shuttle to facilitate the photocatalytic performance of NiCo layered double hydroxide (NiCo‐LDH). The resultant Pt1‐PMo12@NiCo‐LDH exhibited superior CH4 productivity (723 µmol g−1 h−1) with CH4 selectivity of 82.3%, showcasing a 24.9 times productivity enhancement over NiCo‐LDH (29 µmol g−1 h−1). Systematic investigations revealed that abundant H* is generated by the dissociation of H2O on Pt1 sites and stored within Pt1‐PMo12. Subsequently, the multiple H* rapidly migrated from Pt1‐PMo12 to the catalytic sites on NiCo‐LDH by the engineered strong Mo─O─Ni/Co bonds, thereby significantly expediting the PCET process. The in situ DRIFTS and theoretical calculations elucidated that the Pt1‐PMo12 decreased the energy barrier for *CO protonation to *CHO (0.38–0.18 eV) and optimized the rate‐determining step of *CH3 to *CH4 (0.64 eV), thus promoting highly active and selective CH4 generation. This work provided novel insights into achieving efficient photocatalytic CO2 methanation by modulating the fast generation and transport of active H*.
Deciphering Spatially‐Resolved Electrochemical Nucleation and Growth Kinetics by Correlative Multimicroscopy
Authors: Torres Daniel , Bernal Miguel , Ustarroz Jon
Published: November 2024

The study employs a multimicroscopy approach, combining Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), to investigate electrochemical nucleation and growth (EN&G). Cu nanoparticles (NPs) are meticulously electrodeposited on glassy carbon (GC), to perform co‐located characterization, supported by analytical modeling and statistical analysis. The findings reveal clear correlations between electrochemical descriptors (i–t transients) and physical descriptors (NPs size and distribution), offering valuable insights into nucleation kinetics, influenced by varied overpotentials, surface state, and electrode's area. Analysis of the stochasticity of nucleation reveals intriguing temporal distributions, indicating an increased likelihood of nucleation with higher overpotential and larger electrode's area. Notably, the local surface state significantly influences nucleation site number and activity, leading to spatial differences in nucleation rates unaccounted for in macroscopic experiments. The updated analytical model for EN&G current transients, considering SECCM geometry, shows excellent agreement with FESEM measurements, facilitating the calculation of active sites within individual regions. These results deepen the understanding of EN&G phenomena from a new perspective, and lay the groundwork for further theoretical advancements, showcasing the great potential of current experimental methods in advancing precise electrochemical manufacturing of micro‐ and nanostructures.
Revisiting Critical Systems Thinking: Enhancing the Gaps Through Sustainability and Action Methodologies
Authors: Albakri Mohammed , Wood‐Harper Trevor
Published: November 2024

Critical systems thinking (CST) is a holistic framework that has proven instrumental in understanding and addressing complex problems across various domains, including social, environmental, and economic systems. Despite its longstanding reputation for fostering a comprehensive approach, its limitations in effectively addressing contemporary sustainability issues necessitate a critical reassessment. This paper aims to explore the CST paradox, reconciling the need for critical engagement with practical constraints, while proposing a novel framework designed to enhance the efficacy of CST in practice. Insights from prominent systems thinkers, such as Jackson, Checkland Flood, and Midgley, are drawn upon to trace the evolution of CST, employing a critical analysis of existing frameworks and methodologies. Sustainability, which encompasses environmental, economic and social dimensions, serves as an appropriate backdrop for the application of CST, reflecting a complex‐pluralist ethos. Furthermore, the importance of addressing power dynamics, inequalities, and the ethical‐political dimensions inherent in sustainability challenges aligns with the complex‐coercive nature of CST. This paper advocates for the incorporation of action research, participatory action research and action learning (AR/PAR/AL) into CST, resulting in a more comprehensive toolkit for confronting today's pressing sustainability imperatives. Ultimately, the proposed framework seeks to strengthen the relevance and effectiveness of CST in tackling contemporary societal challenges.
Written Feedback Dialogue: A Cyclical Model for Student Engagement with Feedback
Authors: Jwa Soomin
Published: November 2024

With increasing attention to student engagement with feedback, the need for a paradigm shift problematizing the transmissive view of feedback has been voiced. Recent perspectives hold that feedback is a dialogic process and opportunities for dialogue promote students' knowledge‐making processes in their engagement with feedback. Theoretically grounded in a dialogic view of feedback, the present study proposes a three‐stage model of written feedback dialogue that can be implemented in an EFL writing classroom and examines its effect on student engagement. The researcher conducted interviews with Korean EFL students enrolled in an English writing course and analyzed their written texts in light of three domains of student engagement: affective, behavioral, and cognitive. Study findings show that students displayed agentive behaviors: monitoring, evaluating, and regulating their learning throughout the feedback process. Overall, the study argues for pedagogical shifts toward a robust dialogic approach to feedback practices, which often otherwise remain monologic.