bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hope as Religious Heritage
Authors: Hasselaar Jan Jorrit
Published: March 2023

The effects of climate change can evoke fear and a sense of apocalypse. Invoking the apocalypse in discourse about the future, however, can lead to denial or fatalism. This article considers the concept of hope as an attitude and ritual practice that defies the dichotomy between secular and religious. Practicing hope, trust and empathy can stimulate dialogue and cooperation around climate change and upcoming water challenges. The article discusses a case study of a learning exchange between South Africa and the Netherlands on hope regarding climate change and water.
Mourning Rivers
Authors: Tusznio Joanna , Strzelecka Marianna
Published: March 2023

Considering three examples of rivers in Europe, this article examines how ecological grief can trigger environmental discourses and awareness concerning the UN SDGs. We define heritage as a cultural practice involved in constructing and negotiating a range of values and understandings through engagement between people, things and places. Among humans, nature can be mourned and the emotions of loss, sadness and yearning can inspire activism. Organizing funerals for nature has become an important element of mourning the death of “loved ones” and fighting for their revival, thus drawing the attention of the wider society to ecological problems. In discourses seen as central to attracting support and making changes real, nature is represented using powerful metaphors of life and death. We argue that the symbolic mourning for rivers creates a space to collectively express ecological grief, loss and other feelings in a way that supports struggles for ecological justice. In shared loss, there could be restoration.
The “(Water) Canvas” as a Tool For the Analysis, Interpretation and Planning of Water Territories and Heritage
Authors: Vereecke Jean-François , Deveycx Sandrine
Published: March 2023

Today, urban territories are under pressure to accommodate all the needs of growing cities. New designs and approaches are needed that build on historical developments and respond to the shifting and overlapping needs of water, cities and their territories. Due to these inexhaustible demands, it is often common to overlook sustainable development and heritage. However, diagrammatic analysis such as the canvas approach can help us understand how people have changed cities and institutions over time and allows us to consider complex economic, political, social and cultural interactions. This ecosystem approach opens a new path for territories and structures aimed at promoting dialogue between citizens and those who are key players in the sustainable development of cities. Together with mapping, the canvas helps build systemic and evolutionary resilience of water systems and resources, incorporating cultural and ecological values.
Visualizing Water
Authors: Bobbink Inge , Chouairi Amina , Di Nicola Camilla
Published: March 2023

To analyze traditional water systems and their development over time, researchers I. Bobbink and M. Ryu developed the so-called Illustrative Method in 2017 based on former water systems studies. The method visualizes connections between spatial, social, and cultural aspects of water systems in a standardized way. It provides insight into unique local patterns, forms the foundation for comparative analysis and can ultimately inform the creation of new water systems for future sustainable development.
Place Loss and Re-Negotiating Local Water Heritage
Authors: Tusznio Joanna , Strzelecka Marianna
Published: March 2023

The history of the Sztoła River in Poland provides important insight into how the industrial use of a river can ultimately lead to the disappearance of the water source, the river itself, affecting culture and everyday practices in local communities. It is an example of negative heritage, where the preservation of surface water is neglected as it does not match official narratives of the local mining traditions and social values. Because the river is not considered an important component of local culture, decision makers expected that the local community would accept the ‘‘liquidation of a river.’’ However, the anthropogenic drying up of the Sztoła received much attention on social media as people lost the opportunity for nature-based leisure activities. The local community’s vivid responses on social media and activist interventions are examples of engagement with heritage “in the making” – standing up for the values that have not so far been recognized.
Collaboration Between Nature and Humans in the Desert
Authors: Ghaderian Massoud
Published: March 2023

The qanat system exploits groundwater aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions with the help of local water facilities and infrastructure. The system originated in Iran’s central plateau and then spread widely around the world, from the Middle East and Eastern Asia to Europe, North Africa and even South America. This historic water system, which reduces costs and energy consumption, offers a model of how humans can connect to their environment in a completely sustainable way. This system not only satisfies human water needs but does so without depleting natural resources. The relationship between humans and nature is very fragile in desert regions and the qanat system is capable of sustaining settlements even in Iran’s hot and dry climate. This historic system enables settlements and agriculture to survive while inspiring a unique desert-specific approach in line with the UNESCO Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach. This ecosystem-like approach involves not only the qanat’s canals but also associated natural structures and historical components like water reservoirs (Ab-Anbar), water mills (Asiab), water coolers (Yakhchāl), gardens (Bagh) and farms (Mazrae) and floodways (Masil).
Reconciling the Bryggen World Heritage Property with Bergen’s Strategy for Sustainable Urban Development through Heritage Impact Assessment
Authors: Kloos Michael
Published: March 2023

This case study sheds light on potential ways of embedding water-related heritage in an integrated strategy of sustainable urban development in Bergen, Norway. Particular attention is paid to the ongoing Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) process in Bergen, which was started in 2019 to assess potential impacts of Bergen’s new transport strategy on the World Heritage site. Various HIA reports have been compiled and discussed with Bergen’s planning authorities, other experts and in a public hearing process. The municipality of Bergen has used the HIA to reconcile the preservation of the Bryggen World Heritage site and its historic harbor setting with its strategy for sustainable urban development. Hence, the HIA is serving as an essential tool to implement the UN Agenda 2030 for sustainable development.
Fairmount Water Works and its Water Stories
Authors: Dahme Joanne , Donato Claire , Prizzia Victoria , Freedman Schultz Ellen , Stuhlman Theresa R. , Young Karen
Published: March 2023

The Fairmount Water Works of Philadelphia has many stories to tell that span its rich 200-year history. It speaks to the history of technology in America, urban water systems, public health and civic architecture. Although struggling with the increasing impact of climate change, it still has a significant role to play today as a heritage site and as an iconic expression of architectural beauty, civic pride, environmental education and protection and the stewardship of water for all.
Capturing Water, Culture and Heritage through Icons
Authors: Hein Carola , D’Agostino Matteo , Donkor Carlien , Lin Queenie , Sennema Hilde
Published: March 2023

Humans have engaged with water in multiple ways, creating physical structures – such as buildings, cities, infrastructures and landscapes–and socio-cultural manifestations – for example, institutions, laws, artistic practices and rituals. They have transformed natural settings in keeping with climate and energy conditions. To understand the diverse conditions of water spaces and heritage, we have created a set of icons to categorize tangible and intangible objects and practices related to water. The icons help us identify different scales, functions and forms of both water management- related heritage objects, as well as generic water-related structures. The categories identified are suggestions and not conclusive or mutually exclusive.
Challenges of using digital technologies in audit
Authors: Vuković Bojana , Tica Teodora , Jakšić Dejan
Published: March 2023

Every company must consider the changes in a digital environment. In the era of digital transformation, the company understands the importance of information technologies, and makes adjustments in the form of structural changes. Modern technology usage provides the possibility of the analysis of previously unimaginable types and amounts of data, and introduces significant changes in the field of auditing. By simplifying the audit work, digitalization has also created new opportunities for IT auditing. The aim of this paper is to present the opportunities and challenges of key digital trends in auditing, or the usage of big data analytics, artificial intelligence, blockchain technology, and robotic process automation. There is an emerging need for auditors to take advantage of digital technology usage and respond to the challenges of digitalization in a systematic and high-quality way. The progress of using digital technologies in auditing is contributing to more reliability and better quality reporting, which is leading to increased trust among stakeholders in the results of audit work.
The impact of low interest rates on the insurance companies' portfolio composition in EU countries
Authors: Luković Stevan , Pjanić Miloš , Čakajac Božidar , Mitrašević Mirela
Published: March 2023

The paper deals with the impact of low interest rate environment on the insurance companies' portfolio composition in EU countries. The aim of the research is to show that continuously low interest rates could influence insurance companies to become more exposed to risky asset classes, but there is also possibility that insurance companies remain mainly exposed to fixed income assets. The secondary data analysis is carried out to further examine the potential portfolio dynamics in Q4 2017-Q4 2021 period. The results of the analysis show that in most EU countries insurance companies remain invested in fixed-income assets. However, in eight countries (mostly Nordic countries) insurance companies have become significantly more exposed to equity and equity mutual funds, which suggests that portfolio reshaping has taken place in these countries.
Sustainable development and entrepreneurship in emerging countries: Are sustainable development and entrepreneurship reciprocally reinforcing?
Authors:   Ph.D Lecturer, Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010552 Bucharest, Romania, Apostu Simona-Andreea ,   Scientific Researcher, Institute of National Economy, 050711 Bucharest, Romania, e-mail: simona.apostu@csie.ase.ro, Gigauri Iza ,   Ph.D., Associate Professor, School of Business, Computing and Social Sciences, St. Andrew the First-Called Georgian University, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia, e-mail: i.gigauri@sangu.edu.ge
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE: Entrepreneurship seen as an engine for economic development is especially desirable for emerging countries to support rapid growth. Moreover, entrepreneurs can support social transformation in favor of more sustainable products and services. Sustainable orientation of entrepreneurship contributes to sustainable development goals and prevents environmental deprivation. However, the sustainable development agenda can also influence entrepreneurship. METHODOLOGY: The conducted bibliometric analysis confirmed the growing interest among scholars in the correlation of entrepreneurship to sustainability in the last years. Furthermore, panel regression (static model) was used to explore the variables on entrepreneurship influencing the sustainable development goal (SDG) index in emerging countries, and Levin, Lin and Chu (LLC), W-Stat – IPS, ADF-Fisher Chi-Square, and PP-Fisher Chi-Square tests were applied to analyze the variables stationarity. In order to examine the existence of structural breaks, the robustness was checked on single cross-section units and on the whole panel dataset. In addition, the Hausmann test was used to select between random and fixed effects, and heteroskedasticity of residues, autocorrelation of residues and dependence of residues between the panels were conducted. Data was analyzed through Eviews 13. FINDINGS: This paper investigates the relationship between sustainability and entrepreneurship in emerging countries. It discusses the impact of sustainable development on entrepreneurship and the influence of entrepreneurship on sustainable development. IMPLICATIONS: The study results can be used by governments and policymakers to plan their strategies and policies concerning entrepreneurship and implementation of sustainable development goals. They should promote entrepreneurial activity and control the negative environmental impact of enterprises simultaneously. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The research addresses the gap in the literature concerning the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable entrepreneurship. The paper examines the reciprocal relationship between sustainable development and entrepreneurship with an emphasis on emerging countries.
Nível de alfabetização financeira pessoal de estudantes universitários brasileiros
Authors: Niehues Andrea Luisa da Silva , Krause Regiane , De Aquino Roger Freitas , De Souza Júlio Cesar Lopes
Published: March 2023

Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a alfabetização financeira de estudantes universitários de uma universidade do Sul do Brasil, por meio da análise do comportamento na atitude de consumo, o conhecimento relacionado a investimentos e organização financeira. Também foram consideradas variáveis sociodemográficas, como idade, sexo, renda. Como variável de controle foram usadas as dimensões conhecimento financeiro, organização e atitude financeira, denominada como alfabetização financeira, correlacionada às variáveis sociodemográficas.  Para executar o modelo foi realizada uma pesquisa survey enviada aos estudantes universitários de todos os cursos de graduação da universidade objeto de estudo. A pesquisa resultou em 276 respondentes e as informações foram testadas através de regressão linear múltipla. A motivação para realização deste estudo é identificar se os estudantes universitários são alfabetizados financeiramente e se a alfabetização é afetada por variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas.
Monkeypox Disease with Predominant Genital Symptoms: A Nigerian Case Report
Authors: Owhonda Golden , Wali Ihuoma Aaron , Nwadiuto Ifeoma , Abikor Victor , Solomon Livingstone , Luke Anwuri , Onu Hastings , Onyiri Victor , Akpuh Ndubuisi
Published: March 2023

Mpox presents typically with macular papular body rashes with similar-looking sores in genital or oral areas. It may be missed, or wrongly managed as sexually transmitted infections (STI), especially in settings where symptom-based treatment practices are sufficient for care.

We describe a 40-year-old cisgender male, heterosexual Nigerian who developed some rash in the genital region associated with penile swelling. It was suspected to be syphilis and managed with presumptive antibiotics. Laboratory investigation (PCR) confirmed that it was a Mpox disease, and VDRLT was negative. Notably, in this case, the early symptoms were a paradigm case of Mpox disease presenting as an STI, which syndromically conformed more to an STI than the case definition for a suspected case of Mpox in our setting. Consequently, the expected early containment activities were delayed. This increased the potential of further disease spread. An Update of the standard case definition as well as a reclassification of the disease as a possible STI is recommended for enhanced surveillance, increased case detection, and reduction in the burden of unrecognized cases.
Detecting and Correcting Contextual Mistakes in Sentences Using Part of Speech Tags
Authors: Sakuntharaj Ratnasingam
Published: March 2023

A grammar checker is a tool to check each sentence in a text to see whether it conforms to the grammar. In case it finds a structure that conflicts with the conformity to the grammar, it would give suggestions for alternatives. The grammar checkers for European languages and some Indic languages are well developed. However, perhaps, owing to Tamil being a morphologically rich and agglutinative language this has been a challenging task. An approach to detecting and correcting grammatical mistakes due to subject and finite-verb disagreement with regard to person, number and/or gender and due to disagreement in tense aspects in Tamil sentences is proposed in this paper. A method has been proposed that uses hierarchical part-of-speech tags of words to detect the grammatical mistakes in subject and finite-verb agreement and mistakes in tense aspects in Tamil sentences. Two sets of Tamil grammar rules are used to generate suggestions for the grammatical mistakes. Test results show that the proposed grammatical mistake detection and correction system performs well.
Didactic Material: Road Map for the Implementation of Competency Based Approach to English in Secondary Schools in South West Region
Authors: Ako Enow Sammy , Martin Asah , Ebangha Tanyi Maureen
Published: March 2023

The problem of this study emanates from the continuous decline in the result of English language at the GCE ordinary and advanced Level results despite the introduction of the Competency-Based Approach (Futrher-CBA). To examine the prevailing situation, the main objective is to evaluate the effect of didactic material on teaching and learning on the implementation of CBA to English language in secondary schools.  The research question: what is the effect of didactic material on the implementation of CBA to English Language in Secondary Schools Curriculum in South West Region? From the findings, the null hypothesis was rejected and the study concluded that there is a significant statistical evidence to suggest that didactic materials have a significant effect on the implementation of CBA to English language in secondary schools in south-west region. The researcher suggests that stakeholders should equip the schools with modern valuable didactic materials, a compulsory involvement of teachers in decision-making on curriculum change, rigorous implementation of in-service and pre-service training of teachers on CBA, and that policymakers should not import and adapt any language teaching approach from the west without considering contextual constraints.
Physicochemical Properties, Heavy Metals and Aflatoxins Content of Crude Palm and Groundnut Oils Produced and Marketed in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Amua Q. M. , Abah J. O. , Muyong G. M. , Bongjo N. B.
Published: March 2023

The study aims at assessing the physicochemical properties, heavy metals, and aflatoxins content of crude palm and groundnut oils produced and sold in the Adikpo, Wadata, and Otukpa areas of Benue state, Nigeria. Specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, moisture content, and smoke point are the physicochemical properties evaluated. The heavy metals analyzed include; Lead, Nickel, Copper, Iron, Arsenic, and Iron. Total aflatoxins were determined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).  Findings revealed that most of the physicochemical properties of palm and groundnut oils from these areas deviated from the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) standard range. A high amount of Cadmium (0.89 mg/kg, 1.01 mg/kg, and 0.92 mg/kg) was detected in the local groundnut oil samples but lesser in palm oils from Adikpo, Wadata, and Otukpa respectively, while Copper content was within the FAO/WHO safe limits. The arsenic content of palm oil produced in the region was not as high as those in groundnut oil but was higher than the recommended maximum limit of 0.1 mg/kg. The Nickel content in the oil samples was higher than the 0.50 mg/kg permissible limit, but Lead was within the safe limits. Total Aflatoxin content in crude groundnut oil was within the range of 9.05 ppm to 10.13 ppm, while a range of 2.03 ppm to 2.74 ppm was recorded in crude palm oil. The locally produced oils are of lower quality, suggesting that refining should be adopted and quality seeds should be used for the extraction of oils.
Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Patients with BCR-ABL1 Positive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia; 13.5 Years’ Experience at Patan Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari A. , Shrish K. , Kayastha G. K. , Ranjitkar N. , Zimmerman M. , Lama M. , Thapa R. K. , Basnyat B.
Published: March 2023

Background: Since the advent of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI), well controlled studies in developed world have shown that the life expectancy of patients with CML is comparable to normal people without the disease. But long-term follow up studies are lacking in resource poor setting.

Methods: This is a retrospective follow up study looking at the molecular response and resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) in patients enrolled in the Max Access Program since February 2003 till March 2017. Patients with two or more BCR-ABL1 levels by Karyotyping/ fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) / reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were included. At baseline, complete blood count (CBC), renal function test (RFT), and liver function test (LFT) were evaluated. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy for morphology, cytogenetic analysis by Karyotyping/FISH and/or molecular analysis by RT-PCR were also done if these tests were not performed earlier. FISH or RT-PCR was done on peripheral blood every 3–12 months as necessary if the patient could afford. Patients with warning response/failure underwent BCR-ABL1 Resistance Mutation Analysis (IRMA).

Results: Three hundred and forty six (346) patients had two or more BCR-ABL1 monitoring tests done. Optimal response was seen in 49.42%. Similarly, suboptimal response and failure were seen in 16.5% and 34% respectively. Overall Survival is 89.6% (at 1.8 -165 months, mean 62 months) . If only CML related events is considered survival is 95.9%. Seventy seven (77) patients with a total of 80 BCR-ABL1 domain Imatinib Resistance Mutation Analyses (IRMA) showed 19 different types of mutations with the most common being T315I mutation (8 and 19.5%). About 22.25% of the total patients showed resistance to Glivec out of which 10.98% showed mutations. Nine patients underwent trial for treatment free response (TFR) and 5 of them relapsed between 2-8 months.

Conclusions: Despite all the odds of having financial problem, accessibility problem due to distances, transportation, etc. and difficulty monitoring with routine BCR-ABL1 and IRMA, our findings show that the outcome of TKI therapy in our CML patients is comparable to well controlled studies done elsewhere. Overall survival, molecular and cytogenetic responses and mutations in our patients who developed resistance as well as TFR are also similar to other studies. The resistance rate of 22.25% is slightly higher compared to other studies in developed world. This is mainly because of poor monitoring due to unavailability of the test including IRMA in our country and affordability until 2012. It proves that TKI is very effective in CML even in a resource-poor, developing country.
Climate Change and Its Impact on Food Security
Authors: Rani Pretty , Reddy R. Geetha
Published: March 2023

Food security and climate variations are the major concerns affecting global community in adverse manner. Climate change is one of the greatest challenges faced by the global community today. Impact of climate change is severe. Each degree of rise in the global mean temperature is associated with threat to life, economy and also food security. This paper reviews the literature conducted by researchers focusing on climate change and its impact on Food security. The review has shown that myriad of studies focuses on the impact of climate change on food security. The paper urges for a need to study the adaption and approaches for climate change which includes climate smart agriculture. The approaches will manage the landscapes, improve productivity, enhanced resiliency and reduced emissions of greenhouse gases. Ensuring food security in the face of climate change will be challenge and hence suggests the practice of sustainable agricultural practices along with climate smart agriculture.
Effect of Different Liquid Biofertilizers and Varying Fertility Levels on Available N, P2O5, K2O and S Content after Harvesting in Soil
Authors: Verma Lalita , Singh Surendra , Dogra Prerna , Yadav Maya , Kumar Vijay
Published: March 2023

The experimental trail was conducted at the farm of Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute (RARI), Durgapura, Jaipur which is the sub campus of Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur (Raj.). In the research study, observed the effect of different liquid biofertilizers and fertility levels on growth, yield and quality of cluster bean (cymopsis tetragonoloba). The test crops were grown on field during July to November kharif-2018 and 2019. The experiment was raised in factorial randomized block design (FRBD). The treatments of experiment comprised of two factors (1) three treatment of fertility levels: 100 % recommended dose of fertilizers (F1), 75% RDF (F2) and 50 % RDF (F3) and eight treatment of liquid biofertilizer : Control-no biofertilizers (L0),  Rhizobium (L1),  PSB-phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (L2), KMB-potassium solubilizing bacteria (L 3),  SSB-sulphur solubilizing bacteria (L 4) , Rhizobium + PSB (L 5 ), Rhizobium + PSB+ KMB (L 6 ) and   Rhizobium + PSB+ KMB + SSB (L 7). Total number of treatments were 24 and replicated three times. The result observed that highest nutrient status found in the combination of  100 % RDF (F1) with Rhizobium + PSB+ KMB + SSB (L 7).
Influence of Prevailing Weather Parameters on Population Dynamics of Leafhopper Empoasca kerri and Thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis on Groundnut in Semi Arid Ecosystem of Rajasthan
Authors: Priyanka . , Khinchi S. K. , Choudhary Suman , Sharma S. L. , Samota Ram Gopal
Published: March 2023

The field experiment were conducted at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner during Kharif, 2020 and 2021 to know the population dynamics of leafhopper, Empoasca kerri Pruthi and thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood on groundnut. The primary focus of research on the effects of weather variables on insect ecology. The incidence of leafhopper, E. kerri and thrips S. dorsalis appeared in the fifth and fourth week of July in both the years and the population of leafhopper and thrips reached to its peak in the second and first week of September during Kharif, 2020 and 2021 respectively. The correlation studies indicated that the leafhopper and thrips population had significant positive correlation with relative humidity (r= 0.62 and r= 0.60) and (r= 0.77 and r= 0.75) during both the Kharif seasons 2020 and 2021 respectively. Whereas the leafhopper and thrips population had significant positive correlation (r= 0.59 and r= 0.61) respectively at minimum temperature in Kharif 2021.
Growth and Yield of Rice as Influenced by Nitrogen and Water Management Approaches
Authors: Das Nishith , Garnayak Lalita Mohan , Patra A. K. , Paikaray R. K. , Rath B. S. , Jena S. N. , Mishra K. N. , Panda R. K. , Chhatria Shubham
Published: March 2023

Achieving sustainability of the rice production in the irrigated areas in eastern India in general and Odisha in particular, under progressive climate change and variability, necessitates adoption of practices and technologies that increase food production, adaptation and mitigation in a feasible way. A field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years during 2020-21 and 2021-22 with kharif rice in the research farm of OUAT, Bhubaneswar. The experiment was conducted in a strip plot design having four each of water and nitrogen management approaches replicated four times. All the growth attributes like plant height, tillers/hill, LAI and dry matter production were superior under 3DADPW and INM treatments in water and nitrogen management approaches, respectively. Rotational irrigation 3 DADPW in rice resulted in higher grain yield (5.28 t/ha) followed by soil saturation. Similarly, INM practices comprising of Green manuring + 75% STBNR produced higher grain yield (5.45 t/ha) as compared to other N-management options and was closely followed by STBNR.
The Nutrient Zinc in Soil and Plant: A Review
Authors: Oliveira Vinicius de Souza , Marchiori Johnatan Jair de Paula , Ferreira Lusiane de Sousa , Boone Gilcéa Teixeira Fontana , Pereira Luan Luciano dos Santos , Carriço Eduarda , Bolsoni Evellyn Zuqui
Published: March 2023

Zinc is an element found in low amounts in the soil, which may limit the development of agricultural crops. In addition, the absorption of this nutrient by plants is directly influenced by several factors such as: high pH, ​​amount of organic matter, high humidity associated with low temperatures and soil microbiota. Zinc is important for enzymatic activity, being a constituent part of the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, superoxide dismutase enzyme and polymer RNA, in addition to participating in the synthesis of precursor tryptophan in the metabolism of indoleacetic acid, which is a plant hormone directly related to the development of plants. In plants, the symptoms of zinc deficiency appear with the shortening of the internodes, reduction of the leaf area, reduction of its size, appearance of rosettes, chlorosis and necrosis. Thus, the objective of this review is to present the main aspects of the zinc nutrient in the soil and the functions performed in plants.
Synchronizability of Generalized Two-layer Networks with Different Layer Topologies
Authors: Lian Linfan
Published: March 2023

This paper focuses on a generalized two-layer network and its synchronizability, which randomly generate different topologies at each layer. This kind of network can better describe some irregular networks in reality. From the master stability function method of network synchronization analysis, we estimate the largest eigenvalue and the lowest nonzero eigenvalue of the supra-Laplacian matrix. Then, the influence of node coupling strength on the synchronizability of generalized two-layer networks is analyzed. We obtain that the enhancement of node coupling strength can promote network synchronization in bounded and unbounded synchronization regions. In the end, we perform numerical simulations based on theoretical analysis. The numerical results also show that the more nodes, the stronger the synchronizability under the unbounded synchronization region, and the opposite is true for the bounded synchronization region. The results have a certain guiding significance for the synchronous application of general network in reality.
Equivalents of Various Principles of Zermelo, Zorn, Ekeland, Caristi and Others
Authors: Park Sehie
Published: March 2023

Motivated by the Ekeland variational principle, we obtained a Metatheorem in 1985-87 stating that some wellknown existence of maximal elements can be equivalently formulated to existence theorems on fixed elements, stationary points, common fixed points, common stationary points, and others. In the present article, we introduce our new 2023 Metatheorem and its applications to various theorems due to Zermelo, Zorn, Ekeland, Caristi, and related results. In fact, this is a historical supplement of our previous article entitled “Foundations of Ordered Fixed Point Theory."
Oral Candidiasis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Brief Review
Authors: Berberi Antoine , Dib Hassan
Published: March 2023

Oral cavity is one of the manifestations that results from Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Some of these lesions are suggestive whilst others are specific. However, the oral candidiasis that was observed during HIV infection is specific in terms of its severity and resistance to the usual treatment. Therefore, it is important for all practitioners to know it well in order to be able to make the diagnosis and propose an adequate treatment. During HIV infection, 95% of HIV-positive people have one or more lesions in the oral cavity during their illness. Moreover, oral candidiasis is classified among these lesions. We will describe the different types of candidiasis and their treatment.
NIRS Estimation of the Nutritive Value of Sugarcane Silage at Different Harvest Seasons and with Additives
Authors: Abreu Joadil Gonçalves de , Kazama Daniele Cristina da Silva , Doerzbacher Ana Leticia Scarmucin , Baldissarelli Vanessa Zanon , Butzge Juliana Luiz , Peixoto Wender Mateus , Herrera Dayenne Mariane
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritive value of sugarcane silage at different harvest seasons and treated with additives, as well as its estimation by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. The experiment was developed in Colorado do Oeste, RO, Brazil, being adopted a completely randomized design with four repetitions. The treatments were arranged in a 3´5 factorial scheme, being: three harvest seasons (March, May and July); and five additives: 10% corn flour; 10% disintegrated straw and cob corn; 15% rice bran; 1,0% urea; no additive. Dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, indigestible neutral detergent fiber and estimated total digestible nutrients contents were evaluated. The nutritive value of sugarcane silage improves with additives, when compared to sugarcane silage in natura. The moisture sequestering additives present better results when compared to urea, with the exception of crude protein content. The co-product rice bran provides reduced fiber content, and increased crude protein and total digestible nutrient contents of the silage. The silage produced in July and with additives provides the highest contents of total digestible nutrients. The near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy estimates are excellent (R2cv > 0.95) for crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and ash, offering ranchers and researchers a fast and inexpensive service.
Dentist ‘An Arsenal’ in the Journey of ‘Tooth in the Eye’-the Osteo-Odonto-Kerato-Prosthesis [OOKP]
Authors: Bathala Lakshmana Rao , Lakshmi U. S. B. , Jyothsna Dasari , Sukhabhogi Jagadeeswara Rao , Irukula Venkata Ramana
Published: March 2023

Background: Global blindness is mainly due to Cataract, after this Corneal disease is the major cause. For end stage corneal disease, the only successful treatment is by providing Osteo-Odonto-Kerato-Prosthesis (OOKP). The dental surgeon will play a vital role in this surgeon. After extracting a canine tooth from the patient, the dental surgeon places the acrylic lamina in the centre of the dentine (Dental Lamina) which acts like an ocular lens, later the Ophthalmic surgeon will place the same in the patient’s blind eye to get vision.

Review Results: After electronic search was done on the role of dental surgeon and OOKP , through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wiley Online, Science Direct Ebscohost and Google Scholar for articles published from 1960 to July 2022, using the Key words, Osteo-Odonto-Kerato Prosthesis (OOKP), Modified Osteo-Odonto-Kerato Prosthesis (MOOKP), Osteo-Odonto-Alveolar Lamina, Corneal Disease Tooth-in-Eye, and Poly Methyl Meth Acrylate (PMMA) Cylinder, finally 14 articles were found to be relevant for the present research topic.

Conclusion: Studies shows OOKP is providing vision and the success rate more than 85%. Not a single study mentioned the importance of a dental surgeon in OOKP surgery.

Clinical Significance: Though the dental curriculum not mentioned directly about the role of a dentist in the OOKP surgery, but all the dental surgeons should have knowledge on OOOKP Surgery.
Phytochemical characterization and antioxidant potential of Allium ursinum L. cultivated on different soil types- a preliminary study
Authors: Stefan Gordanić , Dragoja Radanović , Sandra Vuković
Published: March 2023

Wild garlic (Allium ursinum L.) has been used as nutrition and medicine for centuries. Although this plant species is a typical springgeophyte that grows spontaneously in moist, steep, shady beech forests, but information on phytochemical and antioxidant propertiesunder various soil types are scarce. This study aimed to assess the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of the leaves ofA. ursinum grown on different soil types, but under identical climatic conditions of South Banat, Serbia. For the purpose of reproduction,A. ursinum bulbs were collected from two different locations in Serbia and then planted on different types of soil, namely: Arenosol,Fluvisol, Cambisol and Chernozem. Fresh leaves of sprouted plants were sampled at the beginning of spring, morphologically analysedand stoma was counted. The leaf extract was prepared and its phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential were assessed.Regardless of the origin of the reproductive material (bulbs), the leaves of A. ursinum plants cultivated in Chernozem soil had the bestmorphological characteristics and the largest number of stomata. Phytochemical analyses revealed the following ranges for selectedbioactive compounds (expressed on fresh weight, FW): chlorophyll content (289.9-642.4 μg/g for chlorophyll a i.e. 358.2-458.6 μg/gfor chlorophyll b), total carotenoid content (TCC, 91.2-263.2 μg/g), total phenolic content (TPC, 1.43-1.98 mg/g GAE), total flavonoidcontent (TFC, 0.36-1.28 mg/g QE), and total dihydroxycinnamic acid derivative content (HCA, 0.53-0.59 mg/g CGAE). The highestvalues were obtained on Chernozem (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and TPC and HCA) and Cambisol (TCC and TFC). Chernozem appearedto be the best soil type during three applied standard antioxidant assays (CUPRAC, TAC and FRP) while DPPH radical quenching assayrevealed no significant differences among all examined soil types. Based on the obtained results it could be assumed that Chernozemexhibited the most desirable physico-chemical properties for optimal development of A. ursinum (in particular its green parts) as a sourceof different antioxidants. Correlation analysis of phytochemical parameters has proved significant influence of total chlorophylls, phenolics,flavonoids and duhydroxycinnamic acid derivatives on antioxidant activity of A. ursinum leaves (unlike total carotenoid content) with thehighest correlation between HCA and FRP assay (r2= 1.00). In addition, PCA analysis clearly determined Chernozem type of soil as thebest choice for optimal leaf growth and development.Keywords: Wild garlic; cultivation; morphology; leaves; phytochemicals
Impact of fusarium head blight epidemics on the mycotoxins’ accumulation in winter wheat grains
Authors: Cotuna Otilia , Paraschivu Mirela , Sărăţeanu Veronica
Published: March 2023

Fusarium graminearum (Fusarium Head Blight - FHB) is a dangerous pathogen of the cereals producing mycotoxins harmful for humanand animal health. The quality of the wheat grains is severely affected in the years with FHB epidemics due to the high mycotoxins levelthat can overpass maximum allowable concentrations, with implications for food safety. The purpose of the work was to investigatesome variables involved in the contamination of the wheat grains with several harmful mycotoxins (DON, ZON and T-2) in conditions ofFHB natural infection in an epidemic year. The main finding of the results highlighted that the low ears densities of wheat crop canopydeterminate high FHB attack frequency, too. Climate conditions from May 2019 were very favourable for the evolution of FHB epidemicsin western Romania. This fact was confirmed by the experimental results of FHB attack, and later by the concentrations of mycotoxins(DON) over the maximum allowable concentrations from the wheat grains at the harvesting moment. The overpass of DON concentrationwas found in 15 from the total 16 wheat varieties from the experiment. Positive significant correlations were found between DON andT-2 and between DON and fungus attack intensity. According with the results, in FHB epidemic year some of the most influential factorsin the contamination of the wheat grains with DON, ZON and T-2 in the order of their importance are: ears density, frequency of theattack on ear, number of diseased ears and attack intensity on ears
Serologic and molecular determination and phylogenetic analysis of some viruses infecting pepper in Turkey
Authors: Topkaya Serife
Published: March 2023

Viruses are among the major agents causing yield loss in pepper production. During the 2016-2017, a survey was performed in pepperfields to determine of some viruses in pepper plants showing virus-like symptoms in different provinces of Turkey. Plant samples wereassayed using DAS-ELISA with specific antisera for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), tomato yellow leafcurl virus (TYLCV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). The DAS-ELISA results indicated that 42.2, 17.5,17.5, and 10.6 of the 421 samples were infected with CMV, TSWV, AMV, and PMMoV, respectively. The positive samples were furtheranalysed by RT-PCR and sequencing. Based on sequence analyses, a phylogenetic tree was drawn for each of CMV, PMMoV and AMV.Phylogenetic analysis showed that CMV isolates were placed in subgroup IA within the major group I. The AMV isolates were classifiedwithin four clades and showed a high variability. PMMoV isolates were grouped with Serbia, Brazil, and Japan isolates within the group I.One AMW isolates determined possible recombinant isolates. Further studies needed for more information about recombinant isolatesand evolutions. The analyses of the molecular structure of viruses is important for the accurate diagnosis of the pathogen and to applythe right method of management strategies for controlling plant viruses in agriculture.
Relationships between irrigation systems, crop patterns and land sizes of farmers in coastal areas in terms of agricultural water management
Authors: Ilkay Abaci Nur , Boz Ismet
Published: March 2023

Population growth and climate change require efficient use of water resources per unit area. In this study, the relationships between irrigation systems, land sizes and crop patterns of farmers in coastal areas were determined to provide useful information for better agricultural water management. A survey study was conducted with 170 farmers determined using the stratified sampling method. The relationship between crop varieties, land sizes and irrigation methods was determined by log-linear model. The farmers were middle-aged with an average 6.5 years of education. The average land size of farmers is 62 acres. Red pepper, watermelon and corn are the most commonly grown crops in the region. The effects of crop both economically profitable and important for water conservation and is ideal for vegetable crops for better plant growth. Therefore, the government incentives should encourage the use of drip irrigation method by the farmers in the regionvariety*irrigation and crop variety*land size interactions were significant (p<0.05), while the effect of land size*irrigation was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The probability for the use of  drip irrigation method by the farmers was 7.50 (e2,015) times higher than the sprinkler irrigation method. Drip irrigation is.

Key words: Agriculture, Coastal Areas, Irrigation System, LogLinear, Water Management
Physicochemical and microbiological properties of Kavılca Bulgur (A traditional cereal product of Turkey
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Asya , GÜLBAZ Güven
Published: March 2023

Kavılca bulgur is a cereal product that is obtained from Kavılca wheat grown as a wheat type in Kars province and its surroundings. 40 unpackaged bulgur samples were used in this study and these samples were produced with traditional methods at family businesses under home conditions in Kars province and sold at delicatessens, grocery stores, and arcade marketplaces.

In this study, which was carried out to determine the compliance of some microbial and physicochemical properties of Kavılca bulgur with the Turkish Food Codex Wheat Flour Communiqué and the Turkish Food Codex Microbiological Criteria Regulation, the samples were examined in terms of color, ash, moisture, pH, % titratable acidity (as sulfuric acid) and Total Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria (TAMB), coliform, yeast-mold and rope-spore numbers

Ash, moisture, and % titratable acidity ratios of Kavılca bulgur samples were found within the limits specified in the Turkish Food Codex Notification on Wheat Flour.

According to the results of the microbiological analysis, the yeast-mold, coliform bacteria, and rope numbers were found to be within the range of the maximum acceptable limit stipulated in the Turkish Food Codex Regulation on Microbiological Criteria.

We can say that it is important to develop and support the cultivation of Kavılca wheat, which has high nutritional value and can be utilized in various ways.

Keywords: Bulgur; Kavılca; Microbial and physicochemical properties; Traditional cereal
Effect of subsurface irrigation on the productivity and technological quality of sugarcane
Authors: Henrique Cavichioli Joao Alberto Fischer Filho*, Thiago , Anderson Prates Coelho, Alexandre Barcellos Dalri, , Jose Renato Zanini Izabela Paiva Martins,
Published: March 2023

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation depths, via subsurface drip, on the technological quality, productivity, and water use efficiency (WUE) of sugarcane cultivars. The experimental design was of balanced blocks with 12 blocks and two factors: cultivars (CTC 4, IACSP93-3046, RB86-7515, IACSP95-5000 and IAC91-1099) and irrigation depths (dry, deficit and supplementary). From the estimated evapotranspiration (ETc), irrigation depths equivalent to 100% of crop ETc were defined for the supplemental treatment and 50% for deficit. The amounts of sucrose in the juice (POL) and the cane (PC) did not differ among the cultivars; however, additional irrigation provided higher values of the evaluated parameters. The purity levels of all treatments were superior to those recommended (85%) and differed between the cultivars. In the supplementary irrigation regime, the IAC91-1099 cultivar had the highest total recoverable sugar value (TRS), equal to 165.62 kg Mg-1, and the highest yields of stalks and sugars, 157.02 and 26.01 Mg ha-1, respectively. The WUE was superior in the dry regime for the CTC4 and RB86-7515 cultivars, and these were considered tolerant to the water deficit. The deficit irrigation provided average gains in the yield of sugarcane and sugar similar to supplementary irrigation; consequently, there were substantial reductions in water use and irrigation requirements in addition to energy savings.
Potential anti-oxidative properties and quality characteristics of korean traditional rice cake added with pistachio (pistacia vera l.) as inner beauty material
Authors: Han Ji Ahn , Kwon Ki Han
Published: March 2023

In modern society, interest in health is increasing, and more consumers are taking care of their health due to COVID-19. As a result, immunity enhancement and antioxidant foods help to promote health, and the intake rate is increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate quality characteristics and antioxidant activity by adding 0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% pistachios to rice cake, a traditional Korean food. The moisture content and pH decreased as the amount of pistachio added and the chromaticity L and a values tended to decrease, but the b values increased. It was confirmed that the polyphenol, ABTS a DPPH significantly increased as the amount of pistachio added increased. As a result of confirming the functionality and overall preference, it is suggested that the 9% content is the best, and this experiment is expected to improve the quality of rice cake and improve the nutritional balance, so that it can become an antioxidant functional food. As far as we know, it is the first study to prove that pistachios and rice cakes are combined, suggesting that rice cakes with added pistachios, a physiologically active substance, are healthful foods.