bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Utility of Kidney Histology as a Basis for Discarding Organs in the United States: A Comparison of International Transplant Practices and Outcomes
Authors: Reese Peter P. , Aubert Olivier , Naesens Maarten , Huang Edmund , Potluri Vishnu , Kuypers Dirk , Bouquegneau Antoine , Divard Gillian , Raynaud Marc , Bouatou Yassine , Vo Ashley , Glotz Denis , Legendre Christophe , Lefaucheur Carmen , Jordan Stanley , Empana Jean-Philippe , Jouven Xavier , Loupy Alexandre
Published: December 2020

Background

Many kidneys donated for transplant in the United States are discarded because of abnormal histology. Whether histology adds incremental value beyond usual donor attributes in assessing allograft quality is unknown.

Methods

This population-based study included patients who received a deceased donor kidney that had been biopsied before implantation according to a prespecified protocol in France and Belgium, where preimplantation biopsy findings are generally not used for decision making in the allocation process. We also studied kidneys that had been acquired from deceased United States donors for transplantation that were biopsied during allocation and discarded because of low organ quality. Using donor and recipient characteristics, we fit multivariable Cox models for death-censored graft failure and examined whether predictive accuracy (C index) improved after adding donor histology. We matched the discarded United States kidneys to similar kidneys transplanted in Europe and calculated predicted allograft survival.

Results

In the development cohort of 1629 kidney recipients at two French centers, adding donor histology to the model did not significantly improve prediction of long-term allograft failure. Analyses using an external validation cohort from two Belgian centers confirmed the lack of improved accuracy from adding histology. About 45% of 1103 United States kidneys discarded because of histologic findings could be accurately matched to very similar kidneys that had been transplanted in France; these discarded kidneys would be expected to have allograft survival of 93.1% at 1 year, 80.7% at 5 years, and 68.9% at 10 years.

Conclusions

In this multicenter study, donor kidney histology assessment during allocation did not provide substantial incremental value in ascertaining organ quality. Many kidneys discarded on the basis of biopsy findings would likely benefit United States patients who are wait listed.
Sex-specific Associations of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin with CKD and Kidney Function: A Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study in the UK Biobank
Authors: Zhao Jie V. , Schooling C. Mary
Published: December 2020

Significance Statement

CKD exhibits sexual disparity, with renal function declining faster in men, which differences in sex hormone levels partially explain. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), which modulates sex hormones, may also affect kidney function and contribute to the disparity. Mendelian randomization, a novel study design that considers genetic variants randomly allocated at conception, was applied to minimize residual confounding. The investigation is the largest sex-specific, genome-wide association study of SHBG variation on the largest cohort study of Europeans, the United Kingdom Biobank. Genetically predicted higher SHBG level was associated with lower risk of CKD and better kidney function in men but not in women. Identifying factors affecting SHBG, and underlying pathways, could provide new insights for prevention and treatment strategies.

Background

Kidney function declines faster in men. Testosterone levels may mediate the sex disparity. Correspondingly, levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), which modulates sex hormones, might also be relevant to the lower kidney function in men. The sex-specific role of SHBG is unclear.

Methods

A sex-specific, Mendelian randomization (MR) study provided unconfounded estimates of SHBG levels among the United Kingdom Biobank population. Univariable MR applied 357 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in men and 359 SNPs in women. These published SNPs strongly (P<5×10−8) predict SHBG level. They were profiled in 179,916 white British men (6016 patients with CKD) and 212,079 white British women (5958 patients with CKD), to obtain the effect of SHBG on CKD, albuminuria, and eGFR. Multivariable MR controlling for testosterone was used to assess the effect of SHBG on CKD and kidney function independent of testosterone in men.

Results

Genetically predicted higher SHBG was associated with a lower risk of CKD in men (odds ratio [OR], 0.78 per SD; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.65 to 0.93) but had no benefit in women. The effect in men remained in multivariable MR, allowing for testosterone (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.82).

Conclusions

Genetically predicted higher SHBG was associated with a lower risk of CKD and better kidney function in men, but not in women, suggesting that SHBG may play a role in CKD specifically in men. Identifying drivers of SHBG and the underlying pathways could provide new insights into CKD prevention and treatment.
Role of nanopowder agglomerates in forming the structure and properties of ceramic materials
Authors: Porozova S. E. , Kul’met’eva V. B. , Pozdeeva T. Yu. , Shokov V. O.
Published: December 2020

A comparative analysis of agglomerates obtained by spray drying and granulation methods and consolidated materials based on them was carried out. The paper provides the results obtained when studying zirconia nanopowders granulated in water medium with an agar agar additive obtained by chemical precipitation with zirconia partially stabilized by yttrium oxide (2.5 mol.%), and TZ-3Y-E powder manufactured by Tosoh Corp. (Japan) that was prepared by spray drying. Agglomerates as well as microsections and fractures of samples were studied by scanning electron, optical, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The crack resistance coefficient (K1с) of samples was determined by indenting the polished surface of microsections with a Vickers pyramid. The specific surface of the powders measured by nitrogen thermal desorption during granulation remains unchanged indicating a significant open porosity of agglomerates obtained. With increasing compacting pressure under conditions of semi-dry compaction with an aqueous solution of PVA as a binder, agglomerates and even aggregates of granulated powders are destroyed, K1с increases with increasing compaction pressure and the accompanying material microstructure grinding. Powders agglomerated using spray drying break up much less intensively, K1с does not change with increasing pressure. The studies conducted allow us to agree with the authors pointing to the fractal nature of agglomerates obtained from chemically precipitated nanopowders without the use of spray drying. The use of granulated nanopowders in semi-dry compaction with the application of high pressures makes it possible to destroy not only agglomerates, but also aggregates, and to obtain nanostructured ceramics with grain sizes close to the size of initial particles.
Technology Foresight and Sustainable Innovation Development in the Complex Dynamical Systems View
Authors:   Carl Friedrich von Weizsacker Center, Eberhard Karls University Tubingen, Mainzer Klaus ,   European Academy of Sciences and Arts,   Technical University of Munich
Published: December 2020

Information and communication technologies (ICT) which are transforming most areas develop non-linearly. Failure to take into account the nonlinear principles of complex dynamic systems hinders development of balanced innovation strategies. Companies and governments lose the ability to effectively respond to “grand challenges”. The linear approach does not allow covering a wide range of critical areas simultaneously in the scope of Foresight projects, prevents from applying an interdisciplinary approach to developing innovation strategies, correct risks assessment, and making informed decisions. The paper proposes a solution: management based on “cyber-physical systems” (CPS) built on dynamic complexity and nonlinearity principles. Such systems not only integrate computing and physical action but are embedded in everyday environment; they are more than the sum of multiple intelligent computing devices. CPS transforms into collective social systems, integrate information, energy, and material flows, and adapt to physical processes. Cyber-physical systems can offer a sustainable information infrastructure which serves as a prerequisite for building up the innovation potential of a company, region, or country. They make it possible to analyse all stages of an innovation project from the technical and organisational points of view simultaneously, cover all possible social consequences and challenges, and identify unexpected promising developments. CPS have a decentralised structure which allows to solve complex problems and manage large and complex structures in real time, such as an energy grid, transport, smart city, healthcare, etc.
Adoption of Industry 4.0 Technologies and Company Competitiveness: Case Studies from a Post-Transition Economy
Authors:   Vistula University, Götz Marta , Jankowska Barbara ,   Poznan University of Economics and Business
Published: December 2020

Manufacturers face increased cost pressure and market volatility. Product life cycles are getting shorter. Production has to be faster and increasingly local. The acceleration of “time-to-market” could happen thanks to the solutions of Industry 4.0 (I4.0), with supply chains morphing into highly adaptive networks with integrated entities. In this paper, we seek to exemplify the potential impact of I4.0 adoption on the competitiveness of the firms (being foreign subsidiaries among others) and ask about the nature of modernization as part of the global value chain in which the enterprise operates. Our research based on four case studies reveals that the competitive advantage of a firm could be modified in the era of Industry 4.0 as a result of a sector’s transformation and changing relationships with partners. These findings correspond with the literature stressing the uncertainty and complexity of the digital economy in general, as well as difficulties with the precise measuring of the expected benefits. The fourth industrial revolution emphasizes “the race to the top” giving priority to quality rather than cost reduction as a method of improving competitiveness and, since it implies the emergence of connected companies, truly linked with each other, the disappearance of clear boundaries between them.
Cell DIVE™ Platform | Antibody Characterization for Multiplexing v1
Authors: McDonough Liz , Chadwick Chrystal , Ginty Fiona , Surrette Christine , Sood Anup
Published: December 2020

This protocol describes the process of validating antibodies (primary/secondary, direct conjugates, and zenon labelled) as per the Cell DIVE™ technology. It also describes the process for determining any antigen effects from the dye inactivation process.
HuBMAP | Formalin Fixation and Paraffin Embedding of Tissue Samples v1
Authors: Knizner Kelley , Simmons Christopher
Published: December 2020

This method details formalin fixation and paraffin embedding of the HuBMAP tissue specimens. Protocol adopted from Marda Jorgensen, Jerelyn Nick (02/24/2020). HuBMAP: Paraffin Embedding Tissue Samples . https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bam9ic96
Eurotransplant Kidney Allocation Simulations v1
Authors: Niemann Matthias , Lachmann Nils , Geneugelijk Kirsten , Spierings Eric
Published: December 2020

Background: The EuroTransplant Kidney Allocation System (ETKAS) aims at allocating organs to patients on the waiting list fairly whilst optimizing HLA match grades. ETKAS currently considers the number of HLA-A/-B/-DR mismatches. Evidently, epitope matching is biologically and clinically more relevant. We here executed ETKAS-based computer simulations to evaluate the impact of epitope matching on allocation and compared the strategies. Methods: A virtual population of 400,000 individuals was generated using the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) haplotype frequency dataset of 2011. Using this population, a waiting list of 10,400 patients was constructed and maintained during simulation, matching the 2015 Eurotransplant Annual Report characteristics. Unacceptable antigens were assigned randomly relative to their frequency using HLAMatchmaker. Over 22,600 kidneys were allocated in 10 years in triplicate using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulations on 32-CPU-core cloud-computing instances. T-cell epitopes were calculated using the www.pirche.com portal. Waiting list effects were evaluated against ETKAS for five epitope matching scenarios. Results: Baseline simulations of ETKAS slightly overestimated reported average HLA match grades. The best-balanced scenario maintained prioritisation of HLA A-B-DR fully matched donors while replacing the HLA match grade by PIRCHE-II score and exchanging the HLA mismatch probability (MMP) by epitope MMP. This setup showed no considerable impact on kidney exchange rates and waiting time. PIRCHE-II scores improved, whereas the average HLA match grade diminishes slightly, yet leading to an improved estimated graft survival. Conclusions: We conclude that epitope-based matching in deceased donor kidney allocation is feasible while maintaining equal balances on the waiting list.
Az egészségügy és a regionális fejlődés kapcsolata: medikometrikus megközelítés
Authors: Bailly Antoine , Baráth Gabriella
Published: December 2020

Ha a regionális fejlődést munkahelyek létrehozásával, illetve az életminőség növekedésével összefüggésben értelmezzük, akkor az egészségügyi szolgáltatások ezen fejlődés fontos láncszemének tekinthetők, melyeket befektetésnek és nem költségtényezőnek kell tekintenünk. Az egészségügyi ellátás kínálat oldali fejlesztése például – különösen a periferikus helyzetű régiókban – az érintett régiók gazdasági kondícióinak javulását is eredményezheti. Svájcban készült esettanulmányok tapasztalatai alapján négy átfogó jövőképet vázolunk fel az egészségügyi rendszer regionális átalakulására vonatkozóan.
FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF REMOTE TRAINING IN THE SYSTEM OF HIGHER MILITARY EDUCATION
Authors: Gorodyanska L.V.
Published: December 2020

The article determines that the basis for providing distance learning in the military education system is the subject-activity approach. The positive aspects of the application of distance learning technology from the perspective of a teacher and from the perspective of a learning subject are summarized. The processes of organization and implementation of distance learning are determined by the specifics of a military educational institution and depend on the psychological and pedagogical characteristics of the teacher, his professional skills to use modern interactive teaching methods and information and communication technologies. An attempt was made to determine the main psychological and pedagogical features of the teacher, which are needed in the process of organizing distance learning. This is a high motivation for cognitive activity, the acquisition of new professional competencies, the ability to avoid subjectivity during assessment. The use of distance learning can significantly reduce the cost of training, to intensify the process of learning thanks to a variety of visual means of presenting new educational information using modern information technologies. It is proved that a promising direction of training in the system of higher military education is blended learning. This is an interactive form that optimally combines the format of full-time and distance learning. The organization of blended learning makes it possible to create an appropriate environment for the successful fulfillment of military duties while studying at a military educational institution, self-preparation for classroom studies and self-assimilation of training material at a convenient time. The use of this form of training will contribute to enhancing cognitive activity, expanding the possibilities of forming both professional competencies and “soft” skills, which are the basis for the upbringing and harmonious development of the individual in the military education system. The development of the military higher education system is connected specifically with distance learning as a priority technology based on the Moodle educational content management system. The proper organization of training allows you to create the conditions for increasing the motivation of the subject of training to mental activity and to obtain high-quality military-vocational education.
The essence of the concept of "creative imagination" and its study in scientific literature
Authors:   Kuban State University Russia, Krasnodar, Alferovskaya Darina K. , Ignatovich Vladlen K. ,   Kuban State University Russia, Krasnodar
Published: December 2020

The article describes the essence of the concept of "creative imagination", which has been studied extensively in literature. The cognitive development of a child is characterized as an important aspect of the formation of its psyche. The structure and indicators of creative activity are given. It is shown that creative activity consists of building and expressing one's own meanings in relation to another person. It is these two important components - meaning formation and targeting - that are indicators of this activity. It is noted that the very meanings of a child are a material attempt to build a dialogue with the world, an attempt to find its place in it. Three stages of the develop-ment of imagination are identified: objectification, planning, mastering the basic pat-terns of behavior and types of activity. It is emphasized that the leap in the development of imagination is reflected in the child's play.
The readiness of the family to design the individual trajectory of the child: the content and essence of the concept
Authors:   Kuban State University, Grebennikova Veronika M. , Bondarev Petr B. ,   Kuban State University, Ignatovich Vladlen K. ,   Kuban State University, Ignatovich Svetlana S. ,   Kuban State University
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of scientific substantiation of the family as a collective subject of designing the individual educational trajectory of a child. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the readiness to design an individual educa-tional trajectory of a child as an integrative characteristic of a child-adult co-existence community of a family. The deficiencies of the modern family, which hinder the devel-opment of this readiness, are characterized. The aspects of studying family readiness presented in modern studies are considered. It is shown that readiness as an integrative characteristic of a family acting as a subject of education has not been sufficiently studied. The definition of the family's readiness to design an individual educational trajectory of a child is given. The content of the structural components of this integrative characteristic of the family is revealed. It is shown that this readiness is characterized by value-semantic orientations towards education, the methods of subject-subject child-adult interactions available in the family's arsenal, implemented in joint creative activity, regulatory and reflexive abilities that allow assessing the individual educational achievements of a child. It is shown that the main obstacles to the formation of a family's readiness to design an individual educational trajectory of a child are the parents' desire for total control, designed by the desire to achieve high educational results without taking into account the individual characteristics and interests of the child; dominance of parents in choosing the content of joint activities with children; orientation towards external assessment of the achieved formal educational results.
Assessment of the regulatory impact of a normative act as a pedagogical tool for the formation of a student's legal culture
Authors:   State budgetary professional educational institution «Nizhny Novgorod College of Small Business» Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Yadryshnikov Konstantin S.
Published: December 2020

This article examines the problems of forming the legal culture of the students’ personality when teaching legal disciplines (on the example of educational institutions of Technical and Vocational Education and Training) with the use of pedagogical meth-ods - assessing the regulatory impact of a normative act. The paper provides an over-view of the application of regulatory impact assessment in various spheres of public life. The author substantiates the possibility and necessity of using the assessment of the regulatory impact of a normative act in pedagogy, as an independent pedagogical methodology. The necessity of forming the legal culture of a student's personality is revealed, the semantic load of the definition of «legal culture» is considered and the optimal definition of the concept is selected for use in this study. The paper proposes a relatively new pedagogical methodology for teaching legal disciplines, with the help of which the goals of education are realized and at the same time the legal culture of the individual is formed. The results of the effective application of the methodology for assessing the regulatory impact of a normative act (on the example of teaching students of Technical and Vocational Education and Training), expertise that is formed at the same time among students, are presented. The features of the application of the methodology for assessing the regulatory impact of the normative act are indicated, as well as the difficulties that the teacher should take into account when using this pedagogical toolkit. The conclusion is made about the possibility of applying the methodology for assessing the regulatory impact of a normative act in educational institutions of all types.
Three Drawings for Three Stories about Portuguese Cultural Heritage
Authors: Pombo Fátima , Teles e Silva Sónia
Published: December 2020

This article aims to discuss the specificity of three author’s projects to elaborate about the partnership between traditional economic sectors and design as added value regarding cultural heritage as framework for sustainable solutions. The scenery of intervention is the refurbishment of a single-family home that motivated the creation of three types of products: an entrance door, an armed chair with a footstool and eight carpets. The three projects started from hand drawings of one of the architects of the architecture office in charge of the assignment. In this text it is considered the concept of home and surrounding objects from an organic, human centred perspective, recalling, among others, essays as Bauen Wohnen Denken from Martin Heidegger and Rationalism and Man from Alvar Aalto as key texts that give the note of this text’s approach. The analysis goes further by addressing the product’s development process through the immersive collaboration of the architects with the client, technicians, workers of the chosen factories, namely metalwork, carpentry/carving and hand knotting. Finally, in this article it is to remark that these projects are a significant example to illustrate the partnership that can be experienced between arts & crafts production and design proposals. In effect, the craft industry that remains in the market with competitive parameters is the one that adapts techniques and skills of the tradition and innovates in concepts.
ZADRŽAVANJE ZAPOSLENIKA KROZ ORGANIZACIJSKU PREDANOST JAČANJEM ORGANIZACIJSKE PRAVEDNOSTI I ORGANIZACIJSKE POTPORE
Authors:   Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Ekonomski fakultet u Osijeku, Živković Ana
Published: December 2020

Za razliku od tradicionalnog usredotočivanja na zadovoljstvo poslom, rad je usmjeren na proučavanje suvremenijih stavova o organizaciji iz kojih proizlaze ponašanja s kojima uzročno-posljedična veza uglavnom nije jasno vidljiva pa je često riječ o medijacijskim efektima. Rad stoga pruža uvid u važnost poznavanja i proučavanja organizacijske predanosti koja se stvara na temelju stavova o organizacijskoj pravednosti i potpori. Ovim se preglednim radom nastoji dokazati kako je temelj zaposlenikova ostanka u organizaciji povjerenje koje zaposlenik može steći kada pozitivno percipira pravednost i potporu koju osjeća. Pregledom literature zaključuje se kako afektivna organizacijska predanost ima najjači utjecaj na namjeru fluktuacije (odlazak iz organizacije) i stvarnu fluktuaciju te da ovaj oblik predanosti najviše korelira s percipiranom organizacijskom potporom i pravednošću.
Operational Capabilities during Crisis: The Chilean Seismographic Network
Authors: Barrientos Sergio Eduardo , Riquelme Sebastian ,   the CSN Team
Published: December 2020

The severe mobility restrictions imposed countrywide by authorities of Chile in response to the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have impacted all areas of activities. Major difficulties began in March 2020, with partial quarantines in the capital city, which later extended to other cities in the country, and it soon transformed in total confinement. We examine the evolution of the pandemic and its consequences on the field and headquarters operations of the National Seismological Centre (CSN), as remote stations could not be visited to carry out maintenance work. Several indicators, as a function of time, such as station operability percentage, timely reports, and ability to deliver requested information, reveal some negative impact on the uptime of stations but not in the capability of the CSN to fulfill its mission, which is to deliver timely seismic information to emergency services. The largest event in the country within this period took place on 3 June 2020, activating in a timely manner, the new tools on finite-fault modeling being developed within the center.
Prólogo de la coordinadora del número
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Sánchez Rodríguez Virginia
Published: December 2020

El año 2020 pasará a la historia por haber sufrido la primera pandemia del siglo xxi, pero también será recordado por el ingente programa cultural dedicado a Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) con motivo del 250 aniversario de su nacimiento. De acuerdo con esta efeméride, Cuadernos de Investigación Musical ha dedicado un monográfico extraordinario que, con una mirada poliédrica, y a través del trabajo de musicólogos de referencia del ámbito internacional, invita al lector a aproximarse al legado de Beethoven.
La Séptima de Beethoven: la segunda Eroica
Authors:   Universidad de Hamburgo, Floros Constantin
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo está centrado en el estudio de la Séptima Sinfonía de Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) y en sus semejanzas estilísticas con la Sinfonía nº3, por lo puede ser considerada como una segunda Sinfonía Eroica. Para ello se ha tenido en consideración las circunstancias que dieron lugar a su creación, así como las opiniones de contemporáneos del autor como Czerny y Ries o las visiones de Wagner y Mahler. El autor defiende asimismo que han pasado desapercibidas otras similitudes con obras de carácter heroico: la Danza eroica nº 8 del ballet “heroico-alegórico” Las Criaturas de Prometeo op. 43 y la variación en sol menor del “Finale” de la propia Sinfonía Eroica (1803). Asimismo se ha tenido en cuenta la influencia ejercida por los acontecimientos políticos de su tiempo en el origen deobras como La victoria de Wellington.
Las Sonatas para piano de Beethoven a través de los trabajos de edición de Agnes Zimmermann
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Sánchez Rodríguez Virginia
Published: December 2020

Las Sonatas para piano son, en su conjunto, una de las obras de Ludwig van Beethoven más interpretadas a lo largo de la historia, tanto en público como en el ámbito escolar, pero también una de las que han disfrutado de un elevado número de ediciones a cargo de pianistas y estudiosos de diferentes países. De acuerdo con esta circunstancia, en este trabajo presentamos la edición realizada por la pianista y compositora británica Agnes Zimmermann (1847-1925), una de las mujeres músicas más célebres de su época que, además, mantuvo un estrecho contacto con el legado beethoveniano a lo largo de su carrera. En concreto, a través de fuentes primarias y secundarias, proponemos un acercamiento a la figura de esta destacada fémina y un estudio sobre las particularidades de su edición de las Sonatas para piano de Beethoven, publicada por la editorial Novello, Ewer & Co. en 1873 y cuya reimpresión, revisada, vio la luz en el año 1880.
Caso fortuito y fuerza mayor en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Oramas Velasco Luis Fernando
Published: December 2020

El presente artículo es un estudio sobre la figura del caso fortuito y la fuerza mayor y sobre su posible aplicación como consecuencia de la incidencia del COVID-19. En primer lugar, se realiza una breve introducción histórica sobre el origen y las principales características del concepto de caso fortuito. Posteriormente, analizamos la imprevisibilidad, la irresistibilidad y la falta o ausencia de culpa como los tres requisitos que deben presentarse para poder alegar su existencia. El artículo también examina los efectos jurídicos del caso fortuito en los contratos y, a modo de conclusión, trata de responder si esta institución jurídica es adecuada para resolver las disputas jurídicas que se van a suscitar en el mundo del derecho de los contratos a raíz de la pandemia.
La densidad andina, el universo khipunk
Authors: Jácome Guerrero José Luis
Published: December 2020

El ritual simbólico denso-andino posibilita la mediación entre los mundos divino, terrenal, digital, análogo, conjugados y eliminados todos a la vez. En la densidad andina, lo ritual es lo habitual y el ruido remite directamente al día a día, rompe con la condición divina del oído occidental y la subjetividad del intérprete, rescatando la pertenencia de las experiencias sono-simbólicas a la vida cotidiana en un manto sonoro que se extiende desde nuestros cuerpos y su ruido interior amplificado al entorno.
Jana Pawła II wstęp do pneumatologii narodów
Authors: Pokora Wojciech
Published: December 2020

Jak zdefiniować pneumatologię narodów w świetle nauczania Jana Pawła II? Czy działanie Ducha Świętego w narodzie jest jednorazowe i ekskluzywne, czy jest częścią tajemnicy odkupienia i działaniem w całym Kościele? Odpowiedzi na te pytania odnaleźć można w przemówieniach i homiliach Jana Pawła II wygłoszonych podczas jego pierwszej pielgrzymki do Polski i studiując jego pierwszą encyklikę Redemptor hominis. W nich wskazane jest źródło poszukiwań definicji pneumatologii narodów, a bije ono z Soboru Watykańskiego II, który wezwał do odczytywania znaków czasu i wyjaśniania ich w świetle Ewangelii. To Sobór zachęcił do wzmożenia zainteresowania działaniem Ducha Świętego w takich obszarach, jak rozwój porządku społecznego i bieg historii ludzkiej. Właśnie tu znajdujemy podstawy do mówienia o pneumatologii narodów i obserwacji obecności Ducha Świętego w historii narodów. Jan Paweł II odpowiada na to wezwanie i realizuje je od pierwszych dni pontyfikatu, wskazując, że Kościół bierze swój początek w wieczerniku, a przez Kościół ludy i narody wprowadzane są do mistycznego ciała Jezusa Chrystusa. Wszelkie późniejsze gesty i symbole wyrażone w chrztach poszczególnych narodów są jedynie odpowiedzią na ten najważniejszy akt – zesłanie Ducha Świętego.
COVID-19 and the Unseen Benefits of Dexamethasone
Authors:   The University of Haripur, Arif Khan Muhammad
Published: December 2020

According to World Health Organization (WHO) current updates, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread all over the globe affecting 216 countries and caused 8,860,331 confirmed cases and 465,740 deaths last followed by 24 June 2020. Many countries cannot afford the nucleic acid tests to confirm COVID-19 infected patients; as a result, people cannot know the COVID-19 status of the people living around them. The use of dexamethasone in COVID-19 hospitalized patients for up to 10 days lower 28-day mortality as compared to the patients taking usual care and also receiving mechanical ventilation at randomization (by age-adjusted percentage points 12.3, approximately one third of proportional reduction) and those patients receiving oxygen without invasive mechanical ventilation (by age-adjusted percentage points 4.1, approximately one fifth of proportional reduction).
Characteristics and Outcomes of Adults Hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Louisville, Kentucky
Authors:   University of Louisville, Ramirez Julio
Published: December 2020

Background: Patients infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 are frequently hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The objective of this study was to define the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP in the city of Louisville, KY. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of 700 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized to eight of the adult hospitals in the city of Louisville. Patients with 1) a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, 2) fever, cough, or shortness of breath, and 3) an infiltrate at chest imaging were defined as having SARS-CoV-2 CAP. Demographic characteristics of the study population were compared with census data from the city of Louisville. For each patient more than 500 variables were abstracted from electronic medical records and recorded using Research Electronic Data Capture software. Data was analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using R version 3.4.0. Results: SARS-CoV-2 CAP was identified in 632 (90%) patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The median age of the patients was 63 years, 53% were females, 31% were black and 12% Hispanic. The most frequent comorbidities were hypertension (56%), obesity (50%), and diabetes (33%). Mortality was 17% for the total population and 34% for the 249 patients admitted to ICU. For each category of race, ethnicity and comorbidities, the proportion of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP was significantly different when compared to the Louisville population (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients of black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and patients with history of hypertension, obesity or diabetes are overrepresented among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP when compared to the Louisville population. Hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 CAP are likely to require ICU care, with death occurring in approximately one of six hospitalizations.
Leitura e interpretação de gráficos no 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental: Quais as dificuldades das crianças?
Authors: Azerêdo Maria Alves de , Arruda Thaline Cabral
Published: December 2020

A educação estatística tem sido apontada em documentos curriculares como um eixo a ser estudado desde os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, demandando a capacidade de leitura e interpretação de informações em tabelas e gráficos. A compreensão de ferramentas da estatística possibilita não apenas a maior inserção social do sujeito em lidar com informações e dados variados, como também à formação científica, pois implica o envolvimento com etapas de pesquisa – levantar questões, produzir instrumentos, coletar dados e interpretar. O objetivo dessa investigação foi analisar os conhecimentos sobre gráficos de colunas, de estudantes de uma turma de 3º ano do ensino fundamental, em uma escola pública de João Pessoa – PB, identificando suas principais dificuldades. A metodologia baseou-se na abordagem qualitativa, constando de uma diagnose composta de quatro tarefas que abrangiam gráficos e problematizações. Os resultados indicaram dificuldades na leitura dos componentes dos gráficos, principalmente quando apresentavam informações implícitas e quando se exigia a resolução de situações-problema com significados de composição e comparação do campo aditivo. Concluímos que o trabalho com gráficos nos anos iniciais precisa contemplar escalas variadas, possibilitar a leitura para ‘além dos dados’, por meio da resolução de problemas, articulando-se com as operações aritméticas.
Desenvolvimento nacional e emprego: a reforma das leis trabalhistas e a criação de empregos no Brasil
Authors: Koury Suzy Elizabeth Cavalcante
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo objetiva verificar se a alta taxa de desemprego no Brasil pode ser atribuída ao excesso de direitos assegurados aos empregados pelas normas trabalhistas. A análise tem como marco a entrada em vigor da Lei n. 13.467, em 11/11/2017, que alterou diversas normas trabalhistas, sob a justificativa de que contribuiria para gerar mais empregos formais e movimentar a economia. Para tanto, após uma breve análise da importância do emprego para o desenvolvimento e do seu tratamento constitucional, passou-se à observação de dados estatísticos oficiais anteriores e posteriores à mudança legislativa. A partir dos dados, buscar-se-á responder se a reforma trabalhista proporcionou maior precarização do trabalho e se gerou novos postos formais de trabalho no país. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica em livros e periódicos sobre o tema, além da consulta a bancos de dados e relatórios produzidos por sítios oficiais, como o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE e o Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
Fatores de vulnerabilidades em itinerários terapêuticos de doenças raras: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Felipe Raquiel Naiele Ramos , Rosaneli Caroline Filla , Da Cunha Thiago Rocha , Munhoz Claudia Jaqueline Martinez
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: O artigo preocupa-se em ampliar a compreensão sobre conflitos éticos vivenciados por pacientes de doenças raras, identificandoos principais fatores de vulnerabilidades em itinerários terapêuticos de pessoas que vivem nessa condição.Método: Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura desenvolvida nas bases de dados internacionais, publicada entre os anos de 2000 a 2016, compreendendo os idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados e discussão: Os resultados, a partir da análise qualitativa dos estudos selecionados, possibilitaram identificar os seguintes fatores de vulnerabilidades: falta de informações; despreparo profissional; dificuldade de se chegar a um diagnóstico; longos caminhos percorridos/ diversos serviços de saúde; faltam privacidade e autonomia na participação em pesquisas dedoenças raras; dificuldades de tratamentos e/ ou tratamentos de auto custo; dificuldades financeiras/empobrecimento; falta de organização e estrutura dos serviços de saúde; acolhimento diferenciado seja por discriminação, privações e/ou estigmatização, e sofrimento emocional.Conclusão: Ao discutir essas diferentes dimensões da vulnerabilidade a partir do campo da bioética, o artigo concluí pela necessidade de abordar os itinerários terapêuticos a partir de novas perspectivas interdisciplinares, buscando garantir o respeito ao direito à vida, à saúde e à proteção da dignidade das pessoas que vivem com doenças raras.
Distribuição espacial da mortalidade por diabetes no Brasil
Authors: Marques Marilane Vilela , Santos Samara Sybelle De Araújo Nobre , Lima Mirna Vasconcelos de , Matos Marisa Karina de Miranda , Pereira Sônia Maria , Amador Ana Edimilda
Published: December 2020

OBJETIVO: Analisar a distribuição espacial das taxas de mortalidade por diabetes no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico com municípios do Brasil, no período de 2012 a 2016. Analisou-se a distribuição espacial, a intensidade e a significância através do índice de Moran Global, MoranMap, LisaMap e BoxMap. RESULTADOS: No período estudado houve 293.752 óbitos por Diabetes, destes 162.743 (55,40%) são do sexo feminino; 237.428 óbitos (80,83%) com idade de 60 anos e mais; 49,56% para brancos e amarelos; 36,32% são casados; 67,77% ocorreram no hospital. Os municípios que apresentaram as maiores taxas médias de mortalidade padronizadas foram: Junco do Maranhão – MA (142,14 óbitos/100 mil hab.), Brejinho – PE (128,88), Brejo de Areia – MA (127,64), Xexéu – PE (123,96), Malhada dos Bois – SE (118,41), Jaqueira – PE (115,96) e Arara – PB (104,78). O valor do Índice de Moran Global foi positivo e com significância estatística (p-valor=0.01). Evidenciou-se formação de clúster de alto/alto em municípios das regiões norte, nordeste, sudeste e centro-oeste, enquanto que foi verificada a presença de clúster de baixo/baixo na região sul país. CONCLUSÕES: Existe no Brasil um padrão de dependência espacial na distribuição das taxas de mortalidade por Diabetes.
Downregulated NORAD in neuroblastoma promotes cell proliferation via chromosomal instability and predicts poor prognosis
Authors: Yu Yongbo , Chen Feng , Jin Yaqiong , Yang Yeran , Wang Shengcai , Zhang Jie , Chen Chenghao , Zeng Qi , Han Wei , Wang Huanmin , Guo Yongli , Ni Xin
Published: December 2020

Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in neuroblastoma (NB) pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the roles and underlying mechanism of non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD) in childhood NB. Both public data and clinical specimens were used to determine NORAD expression. Colony formation, cell proliferation and wound healing assays were performed to evaluate NORAD effects on proliferation and migration of SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2) cells. Flow cytometry was used to examine the cell cycle changes. The expression of genes and proteins involved in chromosomal instability was determined by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Our results showed that low NORAD expression correlated with advanced tumor stage, high risk and MYCN amplification in both public data and clinical samples. Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that patients with low NORAD expression had poor survival outcomes. Functional research showed that NORAD knockdown promoted cell proliferation and migration, and arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. Moreover, the expression of the DNA damage sensor, PARP1, increased after NORAD knockdown, indicating a potential contribution of NORAD to DNA damage repair. NORAD silencing also affected the expression of genes and proteins related to sister chromatid cohesion and segregation, which are involved in chromosomal instability and consequent aneuploidy. These results suggest that NORAD may serve as a tumor suppressor in NB pathogenesis and progression. Thus, NORAD is a potential therapeutic target and a promising prognostic marker for NB patients.
Students Value Asynchronous Instruction, Individual Projects and Frequent Communication with the Instructor in an Online Library Science Classroom
Authors: MacDonald Heather
Published: December 2020

A Review of:
Hajibayova, L. (2017). Students’ viewpoint: What constitutes presence in an online classroom? Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 55(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2016.1241972
Abstract
Objective – Determine student perceptions of online learning. 
Design – Survey questionnaire. 
Setting – An online class in the School of Library and Information Science at a Midwestern US public university.
Subjects – 45 graduate students in an abstracting and indexing class.
Methods – Class participants filled in an online questionnaire at the end of the semester. The survey covered topics related to collaboration, communication, modes of instruction, and assessment. The researcher calculated frequency counts for questions and did a correlation analysis.
Main Results – For collaboration the author found that 62% of students expressed no or limited interest in participation in collaborative projects. Factors for successful completion of group projects included member commitment, instructor involvement, technology tools (discussion boards, wikis, blogs), group size (3–5 people preferred), and the nature and design of the project. 
Preference for communication frequency via email ranged from daily to never with the highest percentage (28.57%) preferring once a week. Communication frequency through the learning management system (LMS) was similar. The largest percentage of students preferred communication 2–3 times per week for virtual (38.89%) and face-to-face (41.67%) office hours. The correlation between communication via LMS and virtual office hours was r = 0.89, p < 0.05. Of students completing the questionnaire, 47.22% found the instructor’s presence effective. While most students disagreed with using social media in an online course, many friended or followed the instructor or the class social media page.
Students preferred asynchronous over synchronous lectures and activities. Preference for frequency was once a week. There was a correlation between synchronous lectures and synchronous activities (r = 0.77, p < 0.05).
Student preferences for the frequency of overview and discussion of class materials were roughly equal in distribution (daily, 4–6 times/week, 2–3 times/week, weekly, or never). There was a correlation between synchronous overview and asynchronous overview of class materials (r = 0.93, p < 0.05). In terms of assessment, students found group discussion, individual projects, research papers, quizzes, and tests the most effective class assignments. Several correlation analyses were done between assignment types.
Conclusion – This study found students had limited interest in collaborative projects. It was also found that regular communication with the teacher was important. Students preferred asynchronous instruction and activities. They also preferred individual assignments for evaluation.
German-Language Websites Containing Information About Rare Diseases Lack Quality Indicators
Authors: Koos Jessica A.
Published: December 2020

A Review of:
Pauer, F., Litzkendorf, S., Göbel, J., Storf, H., Zeidler, J., & Graf von der Schulenburg, J.-M. (2017). Rare diseases on the Internet: An assessment of the quality of online information. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(1), e23. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.7056
Abstract
Objective – To evaluate the quality of the information contained in websites about rare diseases and to determine if quality varies based on the supplier category of the website.
Design – Questionnaire and content analysis.
Setting – Germany
Subjects – 693 German-language websites 
Methods – Websites were identified through a Google search: All 8,000 rare diseases (as listed on Orphanet) and their synonyms were entered into Google; the first 20 results for each disease were scanned for sites written in German. A questionnaire designed to measure the quality of information found on the websites was mailed to each identified website provider. For those who did not respond, the survey was completed by the authors using information from the site. A t test was used to examine differences in the quality of information among the types of information providers.
Main Results – A total of 693 information suppliers were identified. The suppliers completed 17.7% of the surveys; the other 82.3% were completed by the authors. The majority of information providers were patient organizations/support groups (38.8%) followed by medical institutions (26.8%). Information provided by individuals had the lowest quality rating. There were no statistically significant differences between the quality of information supplied by patient support groups and medical institutions. The highest quality rating was provided by associations/sponsoring bodies.
Conclusion – There is not much information available on the Internet regarding rare diseases. Patient support groups and organizations are the largest provider of information. The overall quality rating of information on rare disease websites was found to be low, particularly in areas of accessibility. Website providers should be made aware of how to produce websites of higher quality with greater accessibility.